bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A useful science: Criminal interrogation and the turn to psychology in Germany around 1800
Authors: Hofman Elwin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article argues that psychology gained prestige as a useful and practical science in Germany in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Focusing on discussions of the practice of criminal interrogation, the article shows that around 1800, legal scholars increasingly turned to psychology as a solution to practical problems of criminal justice that had arisen with the abolition of judicial torture. Whereas up to the eighteenth century most German legal scholars had found that their own “experience” sufficed to advise on interrogations, around 1800 they started to point out the necessity of psychological knowledge. Psychology hence became not only a field with specialists, journals, and courses but also a field of knowledge that people turned to to solve problems in wholly different areas.
Exercise history predicts focal differences in bone volume fraction, mineral density and microdamage in the proximal sesamoid bones of Thoroughbred racehorses
Authors: Shaffer Sarah K. , Garcia Tanya C. , Stover Susan M. , Fyhrie David P. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMedial proximal sesamoid bones (PSBs) from Thoroughbred racehorses that did (Case) or did not (Control) experience unilateral biaxial PSB fracture were evaluated for bone volume fraction (BVF), apparent mineral density (AMD), tissue mineral density (TMD), and microdamage in Case fractured, Case contralateral limb intact, and Control bones. A majority of Case bones had a subchondral lesion with high microdamage density, and low BVF, AMD, and TMD. Lesion microdamage and densitometric measures were associated with training history by robust linear regression. Exercise intensity was negatively related to BVF (0.07 ≤ R2 ≤ 0.12) and positively related to microcrack areal density (0.21 ≤ R2 ≤ 0.29) in the lesion; however, in an undamaged site, the relationships were opposite in direction. Regardless of location, TMD decreased with event frequency for both Case and Control, suggesting increased bone remodeling with exercise. Measures of how often animals were removed from active training (layups) predicted a decrease in TMD, AMD, BVF, and microdamage at regions away from the lesion site. A steady‐state compartment model was used to organize the differences in the correlations between variables within the data set. The overall conclusions are that at the osteopenic lesion site, repair of microdamage by remodeling was not successful (e.g., lower bone mass, increased damage, and lower mineralization) but that in regions away from the lesion remodeling successfully controlled damage (e.g., higher bone mass, less microdamage, and lower mineralization).
New insights into taphonomic analysis of the Upper Pleistocene Ursus spelaeus bone deposit from Bàsura cave (Toirano, NW Italy)
Authors: Zunino Marta , Starnini Elisabetta , Arobba Daniele , Avanzini Marco , Citton Paolo , Firpo Marco , Negrino Fabio , Romano Marco , Salvador Isabella , Rellini Ivano 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTBàsura Cave (Toirano, NW Italy) became famous worldwide in 1950 for the discovery of prehistoric human footprints and of an impressive Ursus spelaeus bone deposit baptized by the first explorers ‘Cimitero degli Orsi’ (Bear Cemetery). Bear remains belonging to the deeper layer of the deposit have been left in situ and are now one of the principal attractions for visitors. A new research project aimed at re‐evaluating the legacy and collections from this important cave involved the taphonomic study of the bones, along with sedimentological and micromorphological analyses and new radiocarbon dates to understand the nature and chronology of the deposit. In the present study, element quantification and state of preservation of bone surfaces displayed by distinct skeletal elements were analysed to assess the origin of bone accumulation, the composition of the assemblage in terms of age and species, and the representation of the different portions of the carcasses. Bone sorting, the orientation of skeletal elements along with oxidation pattern and micromorphological data indicate intense reworking of sediments and bones. The site can be considered among those known in Europe as representative of the last populations of U. spelaeus before the demise of this species during the Last Glacial Maximum.
Protective mechanisms of three antioxidants against T‐2 toxin‐induced muscle protein deterioration in shrimp
Authors: Huang Xiaoyue , Huang Zhanrui , Sun Lijun , Qiu Mei , Deng Qi , Fang Zhijia , Wang Yaling 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDQuercetin (Q), tea polyphenols (TP), and rutin (R) are widely used plant‐derived active ingredients. They possess antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and anti‐tumor properties, and can reduce the muscle damage caused by mycotoxins. However, few studies have examined the protective mechanisms of quercetin, tea polyphenols, and rutin on muscle quality. To elucidate their protective mechanisms, shrimp were exposed to both T‐2 toxin and these three antioxidants for 20 days in a dose‐escalating trial. The changes in the protein composition of shrimp muscle were measured. The target proteins associated with T‐2 and antioxidants were screened and identified by non‐labeled quantitative proteomics.RESULTSThe T‐2 toxin induced abnormal expression of 21 target proteins, leading to the deterioration of muscle proteins in shrimp. The three antioxidants ameliorated the T‐2 toxin‐induced damage to muscle proteins by increasing the sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar protein content and decreasing the alkali‐soluble protein content. Quercetin had the strongest protective effect. The protective processes of these antioxidants involved the upregulation of target proteins involved in carbohydrate metabolism (enolase, malate dehydrogenase), protein translation (elongation factor 1‐alpha and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit alpha), and cytoskeleton component (actin 2, fast‐type skeletal muscle actin 1). Quercetin regulated the largest number of target proteins, making it the best protective agent against T‐2 toxin.CONCLUSIONThe T‐2 toxin (4.80–24.30 mg/kg feed) induced changes in target proteins and muscle composition of shrimp, leading to a deterioration in muscle proteins. Quercetin (2.00–32.00 g/kg feed) had significant protective effects against this deterioration in muscle protein in shrimp. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Reflection on the Springer Nature initial public offering attempts in an evolving academic publishing market
Authors: Teixeira da Silva Jaime A. , Fassin Yves 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSpringer Nature became a formidable market leader in academic publishing after a 2015 merger. In 2018, Springer Nature made an initial public offering (IPO) attempt to reduce company debt and fortify company value. Three media sources (Reuters, Bloomberg and Nasdaq) indicated that there was a second IPO attempt in 2020, but neither of those IPO attempts reached fruition. This paper summarizes the main events surrounding those IPOs and offers some possible discussion points about them, including economic and market fluctuations. This case also highlights the highly competitive nature of the commercial publishing landscape in a non‐profit academic environment.
Evaluating benthic flux measurements from a gradient flux system
Authors: Coogan Jeff , Rheuban Jennie E. , Long Matthew H. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMultiple methods exist to measure the benthic flux of dissolved oxygen (DO), but many are limited by short deployments and provide only a snapshot of the processes occurring at the sediment–water interface. The gradient flux (GF) method measures near bed gradients of DO and estimates the eddy diffusivity from existing turbulence closure methods to solve for the benthic flux. This study compares measurements at a seagrass, reef, and sand environment with measurements from two other methods, eddy covariance and benthic chambers, to highlight the strengths, weaknesses, and uncertainty of measurements being made. The results show three major areas of primary importance when using the GF method: (1) a sufficient DO gradient is critical to use this method and is limited by the DO sensor precision and gradient variability; (2) it is important to use similar methods when comparing across sites or time, as many of the methods showed good agreement but were often biased larger or smaller based on the method; and (3) in complex bottom types, estimates of the length scale and placement of the DO sensors can lead to large sources of error. Careful consideration of these potential errors is needed when using the GF method, but when properly addressed, this method showed high agreement with the other methods and may prove a useful tool for measuring long‐term benthic fluxes of DO or other chemical sensors or constituents of interest that are incompatible with other methods.
Nonlinear Exciton‐Mie Coupling in Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Nanoresonators
Authors: Popkova Anna A. , Antropov Ilya M. , Tselikov Gleb I. , Ermolaev Georgy A. , Ozerov Igor , Kirtaev Roman V. , Novikov Sergey M. , Evlyukhin Andrey B. , Arsenin Aleksey V. , Bessonov Vladimir O. , Volkov Valentyn S. , Fedyanin Andrey A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThanks to a high refractive index, giant optical anisotropy, and pronounced excitonic response, bulk transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have recently been discovered to be an ideal foundation for post‐silicon photonics. The inversion symmetry of bulk TMDCs, on the other hand, prevents their use in nonlinear‐optical processes such as second‐harmonic generation (SHG). To overcome this obstacle and broaden the application scope of TMDCs, MoS2 nanodisks are engineered to couple Mie resonances with C‐excitons. As a result, their alliance produces 23‐fold enhancement of SHG intensity with respect to the resonant SHG from a high‐quality exfoliated MoS2 monolayer under C‐exciton excitation. Furthermore, SHG demonstrates a strongly anisotropic response typical of a MoS2 monolayer due to the single‐crystal structure of the fabricated nanodisks, providing a polarization degree of freedom to manipulate SHG. Hence, these results significantly improve the potential of bulk TMDCs enabling an avenue for next‐generation nonlinear photonics.
FINCA syndrome—Defining neurobehavioral phenotype in survivors into late childhood
Authors: Badura‐Stronka Magdalena , Śmigiel Robert , Rutkowska Karolina , Szymańska Krystyna , Hirschfeld Adam Sebastian , Monkiewicz Michał , Kosińska Joanna , Wolańska Ewelina , Rydzanicz Małgorzata , Latos‐Bieleńska Anna , Płoski Rafał 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundBy 2021, 10 cases of fibrosis, neurodegeneration, and cerebral angiomatosis (FINCA, MIM #618278) syndrome have been reported, and five causative variants in the NHLRC2 gene (*618277) have been identified. First reported patients presented with recurrent respiratory distress, leading to death before the age of 3. In the recent publication by Rapp, Van Dijck, and Laugwitz et al., six more patients were described. The authors underlined the possibility of survival beyond infancy and neurodevelopmental delay occurrence.MethodsOur goal is to characterize further neurobehavioral phenotype of patients with the NHLRC2 gene variants. Therefore, we describe three previously unreported patients with FINCA's clinical features who survived into late childhood and reviewed the neurobehavioral phenotype of all known cases.ResultsWe identify the so far unfamiliar neurological features of FINCA syndrome and a novel variant in the NHLRC2: c.977G>T, p.(G326V) detected in one of the patients.
Treatment of multiple limb lymphedema with combined supermicrosurgical techniques
Authors: Chu Carrie K. , Hanasono Matthew M. , Chang Edward I. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionLymphedema surgery including lymphovenous anastomosis (LVA) and vascularized lymph node transfer (VLNT) are effective treatments for lymphedema; however, treating multiple limbs in a single operation using both approaches has not been described. We hypothesize multiple limb lymphedema can be treated effectively in one operation.Patient and MethodsRetrospective review of seven patients undergoing extreme lymphedema surgery (mean age: 53.2 years; range: 33–66 years) with an average BMI of 34.8 kg/m2 (range: 17.6–53.6 kg/m2). Two patients developed bilateral upper extremity (UE) lymphedema secondary to breast cancer treatment, three had bilateral lower extremity (LE) lymphedema, and two suffered from lymphedema of all four extremities due to breast cancer treatment.ResultsOne patient with bilateral UE lymphedema was treated with bilateral inguinal node transfers with LVA and the other with combined bilateral DIEP flaps and inguinal node transfers with LVA. Three patients had bilateral LE lymphedema: two were treated with split omental/gastroepiploic nodes, and one underwent simultaneous supraclavicular and submental node transfers. LVAs were performed in one leg in each patient. Two patients with four‐limb lymphedema underwent bilateral inguinal node transfers with DIEP flaps and bilateral LE LVA. In total, there were eight UE and 10 LE treated. Average follow‐up was 15.8 months (range: 12.6–28.4 months), all patients reported subjective improvement in symptoms, were able to decrease use of compression garments and pumps, and no patients developed cellulitis.ConclusionPatients suffering from lymphedema of multiple extremities can be treated safely and effectively combining both LVA and VLNT in a single operation.
Experimental demonstration of improved magnetorelaxometry imaging performance using optimized coil configurations
Authors: Schier Peter , Liebl Maik , Steinhoff Uwe , Wiekhorst Frank , Baumgarten Daniel 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundMagnetorelaxometry imaging is an experimental imaging technique capable of reconstructing magnetic nanoparticle distributions inside a volume noninvasively and with high specificity. Thus, magnetorelaxometry imaging is a promising candidate for monitoring a number of therapeutical approaches that employ magnetic nanoparticles, such as magnetic drug targeting and magnetic hyperthermia, to guarantee their safety and efficacy. Prior to a potential clinical application of this imaging modality, it is necessary to optimize magnetorelaxometry imaging systems to produce reliable imaging results and to maximize the reconstruction accuracy of the magnetic nanoparticle distributions. Multiple optimization approaches were already applied throughout a number of simulation studies, all of which yielded increased imaging qualities compared to intuitively designed measurement setups.PurposeNone of these simulative approaches was conducted in practice such that it still remains unclear if the theoretical results are achievable in an experimental setting. In this study, we demonstrate the technical feasibility and the increased reconstruction accuracy of optimized coil configurations in two distinct magnetorelaxometry setups.MethodsThe electromagnetic coil positions and radii of a cuboidal as well as a cylindrical magnetorelaxometry imaging setup are optimized by minimizing the system matrix condition numbers of their corresponding linear forward models. The optimized coil configurations are manufactured alongside with two regular coil grids. Magnetorelaxometry measurements of three cuboidal and four cylindrical magnetic nanoparticle phantoms are conducted, and the resulting reconstruction qualities of the optimized and the regular coil configurations are compared.ResultsThe computed condition numbers of the optimized coil configurations are approximately one order of magnitude lower compared to the regular coil grids. The reconstruction results show that for both setups, every phantom is recovered more accurately by the optimized coil configurations compared to the regular coil grids. Additionally, the optimized coil configurations yield better signal qualities.ConclusionsThe presented experimental study provides a proof of the practicality and the efficacy of optimizing magnetorelaxometry imaging systems with respect to the condition numbers of their system matrices, previously only demonstrated in simulations. From the promising results of our study, we infer that the minimization of the system matrix condition number will also enable the practical optimization of other design parameters of magnetorelaxometry imaging setups (e.g., sensor configuration, coil currents, etc.) in order to improve the achievable reconstruction qualities even further, eventually paving the way towards clinical application of this imaging modality.
Quantitative chemical exchange saturation transfer imaging of nuclear overhauser effects in acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Msayib Yunus , Harston George W. J. , Ray Kevin J. , Larkin James R. , Sutherland Brad A. , Sheerin Fintan , Blockley Nicholas P. , Okell Thomas W. , Jezzard Peter , Baldwin Andrew , Sibson Nicola R. , Kennedy James , Chappell Michael A. 
Published: March 2022

PurposeIn chemical exchange saturation transfer imaging, saturation effects between 2 to 5 ppm (nuclear Overhauser effects, NOEs) have been shown to exhibit contrast in preclinical stroke models. Our previous work on NOEs in human stroke used an analysis model that combined NOEs and semisolid MT; however their combination might feasibly have reduced sensitivity to changes in NOEs. The aim of this study was to explore the information a 4‐pool Bloch–McConnell model provides about the NOE contribution in ischemic stroke, contrasting that with an intentionally approximate 3‐pool model.MethodsMRI data from 12 patients presenting with ischemic stroke were retrospectively analyzed, as well as from six animals induced with an ischemic lesion. Two Bloch–McConnell models (4 pools, and a 3‐pool approximation) were compared for their ability to distinguish pathological tissue in acute stroke. The association of NOEs with pH was also explored, using pH phantoms that mimic the intracellular environment of naïve mouse brain.ResultsThe 4‐pool measure of NOEs exhibited a different association with tissue outcome compared to 3‐pool approximation in the ischemic core and in tissue that underwent delayed infarction. In the ischemic core, the 4‐pool measure was elevated in patient white matter () and in animals (). In the naïve brain pH phantoms, significant positive correlation between the NOE and pH was observed.ConclusionAssociations of NOEs with tissue pathology were found using the 4‐pool metric that were not observed using the 3‐pool approximation. The 4‐pool model more adequately captured in vivo changes in NOEs and revealed trends depending on tissue pathology in stroke.
Subcutaneous and visceral fat assessment by DXA and MRI in older adults and children
Authors: Maskarinec Gertraud , Shvetsov Yurii B. , Wong Michael C. , Garber Andrea , Monroe Kristine , Ernst Thomas M. , Buchthal Steven D. , Lim Unhee , Le Marchand Loïc , Heymsfield Steven B. , Shepherd John A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveGiven the importance of body fat distribution in chronic disease development, feasible methods to assess body fat are essential. This study compared dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) in measuring visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue (VAT and SAT) with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).MethodsVAT and SAT were assessed using similar DXA and MRI protocols among 1,795 elderly participants of the Adiposity Phenotype Study (APS) and 309 children/adolescents in Shape Up! Kids (SKids). Spearman correlations, Bland–Altman plots, and coefficients of determination (R2) assessed agreement between DXA and MRI measures.ResultsDXA overestimated SAT values in APS (315 vs. 229 cm2) and SKids (212 vs. 161 cm2), whereas DXA underestimated VAT measures (141 vs. 167 cm2) in adults only. The correlations between DXA and MRI values were stronger for SAT than VAT (APS: r = 0.92 vs. 0.88; SKids: 0.90 vs. 0.74). Bland–Altman plots confirmed better agreement for SAT than VAT despite differences by sex, ethnicity, and weight status with respective R2 values for SAT and VAT of 0.88 and 0.84 (APS) and 0.81 and 0.69 (SKids).ConclusionThese findings indicate that SAT by DXA reflects MRI measures in children and older adults, whereas agreement for VAT is weaker for individuals with low VAT levels.
Chemistry, pharmacokinetics, pharmacological activities, and toxicity of Quercitrin
Authors: Chen Junren , Li Gangmin , Sun Chen , Peng Fu , Yu Lei , Chen Yan , Tan Yuzhu , Cao Xiaoyu , Tang Yunli , Xie Xiaofang , Peng Cheng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractQuercitrin is a naturally available type of flavonoid that commonly functions as the dietary ingredient and supplement. So far, a wide spectrum of bioactivities of quercitrin have been revealed, including antioxidative stress, antiinflammation, anti‐microorganisms, immunomodulation, analgesia, wound healing, and vasodilation. Based on these various pharmacological activities, increasing studies have focused on the potency of quercitrin in diverse diseases in recent years, such as bone metabolic diseases, gastrointestinal diseases, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and others. In this paper, by collecting and summarizing publications from the recent years, the natural sources, pharmacological activities and roles in various diseases, pharmacokinetics, structure–activity relationship, as well as the toxicity of quercitrin were systematically reviewed. In addition, the underlying molecular mechanisms of quercitrin in treating related diseases, the dose‐effect relationships, and the novel preparations were discussed on the purpose of broadening the application prospect of quercitrin as functional food and providing reference for its clinical application. Notably, clinical studies of quercitrin are insufficient at present, further high‐quality studies are needed to firmly establish the clinical efficacy of quercitrin.
Enriching organic carbon bioavailability can mitigate soil acidification induced by nitrogen fertilization in croplands through microbial nitrogen immobilization
Authors: Guan Peng , Wang Ruhai , Nkoh Jackson Nkoh , Shi Renyong , Pan Xiaoying , Li Jiuyu , Xu Renkou 
Published: March 2022

AbstractExcessive application of ammonium‐based N fertilizers promote nitrification, which is mainly responsible for intensive acidification in cropland soils. Thus, there is an urgent need for the development of control measures to manage soil acidification induced by N fertilization. In this study, we investigated the potential of enriching organic C bioavailability to mitigate acidification induced by N fertilization through microbial N immobilization using an indoor incubation experiment. Results showed that the sole application of ammonium sulfate [(NH4)2SO4] or urea to a cropland soil promoted nitrification of fertilizer N, and subsequently soil pH decreased by 0.48–1.00 units after 45‐d incubation. The combined application of glucose with N fertilizers induced microbial immobilization of almost all fertilizer N within 1 d and gradually induced mineralization of soil organic N after 1 wk of incubation. More than 65% of immobilized total extractable N was returned to soil solution and mainly existed as NH4+–N and extractable organic N, with the pH decrement being <0.10 units after 45‐d incubation. These results indicated that (a) enriching organic C bioavailability in cropland soils intensified microbial N immobilization, (b) intensification of microbial N immobilization induced a buffering effect to regulate soil inorganic N supply, and (c) microbial N immobilization had great potential to inhibit soil acidification and retard aluminum mobilization. The results obtained in this study provide a theoretical strategy to control soil acidification and increase N use efficiency in croplands.