bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CMPD: Context-Based Malicious Parameter Detection for APIs
Authors: Zhao Zhangjie , Zhang Lin , Zhang Xing , Wang Ying , Qin Yi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe Application Program Interface (API) plays an important role as the channel for data interaction between programs, while the widespread use of APIs has brought security risks that cannot be ignored. The adversary can perform various Web attacks, including SQL Injection and Cross-Site Scripting (XSS), by tampering with the parameters of API. Efficient detection of parameter tampering attacks for API is critical to ensure the system is running in the expected condition, further avoiding data leakage and property loss. Previous works always utilize the rule-based method or simple learning-based method to detect parameter tampering attacks. However, they ignore the contextual information of the API tokens and thus have a poor performance. In this paper, we propose the Context-based Malicious Parameter Detection (CMPD) framework to detect the parameter tampering attacks for APIs. We use a neural network language model to learn the distribution of the parameters, parameter names, and URLs and then use a tree model to detect the malicious query based on the high dimensional API embedding. Experiments show that CMPD outperforms all baseline, including rule-based method, Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Autoencoder, on CSIC 2010 dataset with $$F_1$$

F
1

value reaching 0.971. CMPD can also achieve a 0.895 $$F_1$$

F
1

value when training data is reduced to 20% and can achieve a 0.910 $$F_1$$

F
1

value when negative examples are reduced to 1%.
No evidence exists on outcomes of non-operative management in patients with femoroacetabular impingement and concomitant Tönnis Grade 2 or more hip osteoarthritis: a scoping review
Authors: Andronic Octavian , Claydon-Mueller Leica Sarah , Cubberley Rachael , Karczewski Daniel , Lu Victor , Khanduja Vikas 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this scoping review was to assess the outcomes of all the non-operative modalities of management for femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) and concomitant osteoarthritis (OA) Tönnis Grade 2 or more.MethodsA systematic search of PubMed was performed from inception to December 1st 2021 for literature on outcomes of non-operative management strategies for young adults with symptomatic FAI using the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines. Cohorts investigating FAI and concomitant hip OA Tönnis Grade 2 or more were considered eligible. Studies not written in English or German, below level 4 evidence, and reviews were excluded. A secondary analysis for FAI without OA stratification was conducted after the initial screening to allow identification of available non-operative interventions.ResultsNo study reported outcomes separately for non-operative management of FAI with Tönnis Grade 2 OA or more and as such, did not fulfil the inclusion criteria.A secondary analysis included 24 studies that reported on outcomes for non-operative interventions for FAI irrespective of the degree of degeneration. Three studies investigated the efficacy of hyaluronic acid injection, 5 reports investigated corticosteroid injections, 2 studies evaluated the outcomes of hip bracing and 16 studies included a physiotherapy programme. Associations between the aforementioned interventions were analysed.There is level I evidence supporting the efficacy of activity modification and hip-specific physiotherapy for FAI and mild OA. Core-strengthening exercises are prevalent amongst successful regimens in the literature. Contradictory evidence questions the efficacy of hip bracing even for short-term outcomes. Corticosteroid injections have mostly failed in intention-to treat analyses but may be valuable in delaying the need for surgery; further studies are warranted. Reports on outcomes following hyaluronic acid injections are contradictory.ConclusionNo evidence exists on outcomes following non-operative management of FAI with concomitant Tönnis Grade 2 or more OA of the hip. Further studies are required and should explore the non-operative interventions that were employed for FAI and milder OA. There is strong evidence for a hip-specific physiotherapy program including activity modification and core strengthening exercises. Adjunct interventions such as corticosteroid injections and NSAID consumption may be valuable in delaying the need for surgery.Level of evidenceLevel IV.
Comparison of Conservative Treatment and Surgery Treatment for Acute Scaphoid Fracture: A Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Chen Shao , Zhang Caihua , Jiang Bo , Mi Yunfeng , Zhu Yingchun , Jia Xuewen 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurposeThis meta‐analysis aimed to investigate the effectiveness of conservative and surgical treatments of scaphoid fracture.MethodsThe literature databases of Pubmed, Cochrane library, and Embase were searched in March 2022. This work extracted the data based on healing time, grip strength, range of wrist motion, nonunion, time before returning to work, and complications (including persistent pain, malunion of the fracture, wound infection, scar sensitivity, hypertrophic scar, and implant‐related complications). Stata 14.0 software was used for statistical analysis.ResultsTwelve RCTs studies met our inclusion criteria. The surgical group had a shorter healing‐time and time before returning to work than the conservative group. In addition, the surgical group had significantly better grip strength and range of wrist motion than the conservative group (P < 0.01). However, there was no significant difference between nonunion (P = 0.538) and complications (P = 0.661) between the two groups.ConclusionThis meta‐analysis showed that surgical treatment of scaphoid fracture achieved better grip strength and range of wrist motion, and had a lower healing time and time before returning to work than the conservative treatment. The two treatments had similar results in nonunion and complications. Further RCTs were required for the research.
Dietary profiling of physical frailty in older age phenotypes using a machine learning approach: the Salus in Apulia Study
Authors: De Nucci Sara , Zupo Roberta , Donghia Rossella , Castellana Fabio , Lofù Domenico , Aresta Simona , Guerra Vito , Bortone Ilaria , Lampignano Luisa , De Pergola Giovanni , Lozupone Madia , Tatoli Rossella , Sborgia Giancarlo , Tirelli Sarah , Panza Francesco , Di Noia Tommaso , Sardone Rodolfo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurposeGrowing awareness of the biological and clinical value of nutrition in frailty settings calls for further efforts to investigate dietary gaps to act sooner to achieve focused management of aging populations. We cross-sectionally examined the eating habits of an older Mediterranean population to profile dietary features most associated with physical frailty.MethodsClinical and physical examination, routine biomarkers, medical history, and anthropometry were analyzed in 1502 older adults (65 +). CHS criteria were applied to classify physical frailty, and a validated Food Frequency Questionnaire to assess diet. The population was subdivided by physical frailty status (frail or non-frail). Raw and adjusted logistic regression models were applied to three clusters of dietary variables (food groups, macronutrients, and micronutrients), previously selected by a LASSO approach to better predict diet-related frailty determinants.ResultsA lower consumption of wine (OR 0.998, 95% CI 0.997–0.999) and coffee (OR 0.994, 95% CI 0.989–0.999), as well as a cluster of macro and micronutrients led by PUFAs (OR 0.939, 95% CI 0.896–0.991), zinc (OR 0.977, 95% CI 0.952–0.998), and coumarins (OR 0.631, 95% CI 0.431–0.971), was predictive of non-frailty, but higher legumes intake (OR 1.005, 95%CI 1.000–1.009) of physical frailty, regardless of age, gender, and education level.ConclusionsHigher consumption of coffee and wine, as well as PUFAs, zinc, and coumarins, as opposed to legumes, may work well in protecting against a physical frailty profile of aging in a Mediterranean setting. Longitudinal investigations are needed to better understand the causal potential of diet as a modifiable contributor to frailty during aging.
Glucose-to-lactate ratio and neurodevelopment in infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: an observational study
Authors: Galderisi Alfonso , Tordin Mattia , Suppiej Agnese , Cainelli Elisa , Baraldi Eugenio , Trevisanuto Daniele 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We aimed to assess the glucose and lactate kinetics during therapeutic hypothermia (TH) in infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and its relationship with longitudinal neurodevelopment. We measured glucose and lactate concentrations before TH and on days 2 and 3 in infants with mild, moderate, and severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Neurodevelopment was assessed at 2 years. Participants were grouped according to the neurodevelopmental outcome into favorable (FO) or unfavorable (UFO). Eighty-eight infants were evaluated at follow-up, 34 for the FO and 54 for the UFO group. Severe hypo- (< 2.6 mmol/L) and hyperglycemia (> 10 mmol/L) occurred in 18% and 36% from the FO and UFO groups, respectively. Glucose-to-lactate ratio on day 1 was the strongest predictor of unfavorable metabolic outcome (OR 3.27 $$\pm$$
±
1.81, p = 0.032) when adjusted for other clinical and metabolic variables, including Sarnat score.Conclusion: Glucose-to-lactate ratio on day 1 may represent a new risk marker for infants with HIE undergoing TH.

What is Known:• Glucose and lactate are key metabolic fuels during neonatal hypoglycemia. This suggests that their concentrations may influence the neurodevelopmental outcome of neonates experiencing hypoxic-hischemic encephalopathy (HIE).

What is New:• We describe the relative availbility of glucose and lactate before and during theraputic hypothermia in neonates with HIE.
Assessment of predictors of early postoperative complications after primary robotically assisted Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: a multicenter, retrospective cohort study
Authors: Iranmanesh Pouya , Shah Shinil K. , Chevallay Mickael , Toso Christian , Mönig Stefan P. , Hagen Monika E. , Wilson Erik B. , Jung Minoa K. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
Robotic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RRYGB) is performed in an increasing number of bariatric centers worldwide. Previous studies have identified a number of demographic and clinical variables as predictors of postoperative complications after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB). Some authors have suggested better early postoperative outcomes after RRYGB compared to LRYGB. The objective of the present study was to assess potential predictors of early postoperative complications after RRYGB.

Methods
A retrospective analysis of two prospective databases containing patients who underwent RRYGB between 2006 and 2019 at two high volumes, accredited bariatric centers was performed. Primary outcome was rate of 30 day postoperative complications. Relevant demographic, clinical and biological variables were entered in a multivariate, logistic regression analysis to identify potential predictors.

Results
Data of 1276 patients were analyzed, including 958 female and 318 male patients. Rates of overall and severe 30 day complications were 12.5% (160/1276) and 3.9% (50/1276), respectively. Rate of 30 day reoperations was 1.6% (21/1276). The overall gastrointestinal leak rate was 0.2% (3/1276). Among various demographic, clinical and biological variables, male sex and ASA score >2 were significantly correlated with an increased risk of 30 day complication rates on multivariate analysis (OR 1.68 and 1.67, p=0.005 and 0.005, respectively).

Conclusion
This study identified male sex and ASA score >2 as independent predictors of early postoperative complications after RRYGB. These data suggest a potentially different risk profile in terms of early postoperative complications after RRYGB compared to LYRGB. The robotic approach might have a benefit for patients traditionally considered to be at higher risk of complications after LRYGB, such as those with BMI >50. The present study was however not designed to assess this hypothesis and larger, prospective studies are necessary to confirm these results.
Distorted probability operator for dynamic portfolio optimization in times of socio-economic crisis
Authors: Uğurlu Kerem , Brzeczek Tomasz 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA robust optimal control of discrete time Markov chains with finite terminalTand bounded costs or wealth using probability distortion is studied. The time inconsistency of these distortion operators and hence its lack of dynamic programming are discussed. Due to that, dynamic versions of these operators are introduced, and its availability for dynamic programming is demonstrated. Based on dynamic programming algorithm, existence of the optimal policy is justified and an application of the theory to portfolio optimization along with a numerical study is also presented.
Large-scale study of web accessibility metrics
Authors: Martins Beatriz , Duarte Carlos 
Published: December 2022

AbstractEvaluating the accessibility of web resources is usually done by checking the conformance of the resource against a standard or set of guidelines (e.g., the WCAG 2.1). The result of the evaluation will indicate what guidelines are respected (or not) by the resource. While it might hint at the accessibility level of web resources, often it will be complicated to compare the level of accessibility of different resources or of different versions of the same resource from evaluation reports. Web accessibility metrics synthesize the accessibility level of a web resource into a quantifiable value. The fact that there is a wide number of accessibility metrics, makes it challenging to choose which ones to use. In this paper, we explore the relationship between web accessibility metrics. For that purpose, we investigated eleven web accessibility metrics. The metrics were computed from automated accessibility evaluations obtained using QualWeb. A set of around three million web pages were evaluated. By computing the metrics over this sample of nearly three million web pages, it was possible to identify groups of metrics that offer similar results. Our analysis shows that there are metrics that behave similarly, which, when deciding what metrics to use, assists in picking the metric that is less resource intensive or for which it might be easier to collect the inputs.
Combining 2D and 3D Characterization Techniques for Determining Effects of HIP Rejuvenation After Fatigue Testing of SX Microstructures
Authors: Dennstedt A. , Lopez-Galilea I. , Ruttert B. , Theisen W. , Bartsch M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA hot isostatic pressing rejuvenation heat treatment is applied to a CMSX-4 type SX superalloy after it has been subjected to a low-cycle fatigue test to rupture. The evolution of microstructural defects, such as pores and cracks which are present after fatigue, has been tracked in 3D by X-ray tomography before and after rejuvenation. From the rejuvenated specimen, series of metallographic cross sections were prepared and investigated by scanning electron microscopy for getting complementary 2D information at high resolution. The micrographs were stitched to a panorama which was then matched into the 3D representation of the specimen volume. By combining 3D and 2D data, statistical volume-related quantities were achieved, while detailed characteristics have been assigned to individual defects present in the 2D panorama micrograph. This technique is in general appropriate for length-scale bridging microstructural investigations. Results of the performed investigations concerning the rejuvenation effect on the microstructure are presented and discussed.
An In-Situ Formed Tunneling Layer Enriches the Options of Anode for Efficient and Stable Regular Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Lin Xuesong , Wang Yanbo , Su Hongzhen , Qin Zhenzhen , Zhang Ziyang , Chen Mengjiong , Yang Min , Zhao Yan , Liu Xiao , Shen Xiangqian , Han Liyuan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPerovskite solar cells (PSCs) are taking steps to commercialization. However, the halogen-reactive anode with high cost becomes a stumbling block. Here, the halogen migration in PSCs is utilized to in situ generate a uniform tunneling layer between the hole transport materials and anodes, which enriches the options of anodes by breaking the Schottky barrier, enabling the regular PSCs with both high efficiency and stability. Specifically, the regular PSC that uses silver iodide as the tunneling layer and copper as the anode obtains a champion power conversion efficiency of 23.24% (certified 22.74%) with an aperture area of 1.04 cm2. The devices are stable, maintaining 98.6% of the initial efficiency after 500 h of operation at the maximum power point with continuous 1 sun illumination. PSCs with different tunneling layers and anodes are fabricated, which confirm the generality of the strategy.
One crisis among many: Russia’s war in Ukraine and its implications for the MENA region
Authors: Süß Clara-Auguste , Weipert-Fenner Irene 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBeyond the most immediate and devastating effects being felt by the local populace, the war in Ukraine is also having severe repercussions in other world regions, particularly the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), where we find significant effects on domestic and regional politics. This contribution discusses conflict potential along these two dimensions and how they are interrelated, including with global politics. First, the effects of the war were quickly felt at the domestic level via rising prices and shortages of (subsidized) staples. A deteriorating economic situation is heating existing societal conflicts that had led to waves of mass uprisings in the MENA over the last decade, which are very likely to re-appear in the near future. We discuss recent developments in light of existing knowledge about the nexus between socioeconomic grievances and (non-)violent mobilization. Second, we reflect on changes to regional and global politics and their impact on conflicts in the region. The EU’s sudden need for alternative oil and gas suppliers has improved the strategic position of Gulf countries, also vis-à-vis Iran in the rivalry over regional hegemony. This shift empowers such authoritarian regimes that support other autocracies as well as conflict parties in civil wars in the region. Instead of allying with either the West or Russia, the ruling elites’ relationship with global powers remains opportunistic. Cooperation with Russia and China might very well aggravate political grievances rather than remedy structural socioeconomic shortcomings—both of which will continue to fuel preexisting lines of conflict in the region.
Pb(II) adsorption by biochar from co-pyrolysis of corn stalks and alkali-fused fly ash
Authors: Yun Xiaotong , Ma Yan , Zheng Hao , Zhang Yaru , Cui Biying , Xing Baoshan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractNumerous studies have reported the potential of silica as a biochar (BC) modifier. However, despite its high silica content, fly ash is rarely used for BC modification. Herein, modified BCs were produced by co-pyrolysis of corn stalks with alkali-fused fly ash (AFFA) at 200 and 600 °C (denoted as AFFA/BC). The Pb(II) adsorption mechanism and adsorption performance were investigated. The AFFA/BC had larger specific surface areas than the pure BC samples (2.54–137 vs. 0.50 m2 g−1) owing to their stable carbon structure. The Pb(II) adsorption capacity of AFFA/BC in water was approximately 6% higher than that of BC owing to the increased cation (Na+) exchange and new bonding sites, such as C–O and Si–O. AFFA/BC exhibited good Pb(II) adsorption performance in high-concentration simulated wastewater (pH 4–6), with a maximum adsorption capacity of 110.29 mg g−1. The Pb(II) adsorption mechanism was in accordance with the pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm models. At 25 °C and pH 5, the theoretical Pb(II) adsorption capacities of AFFA200/BC and AFFA600/BC were 201.66 and 186.81 mg g−1, respectively, compared to 145.98 mg g−1 of BC. Physical adsorption, precipitation, cation exchange, and complexation were identified as the main Pb(II) adsorption mechanisms through X-ray photoelectron spectrometry.
Graphical Abstract
Portfolio management under drawdown constraint in discrete-time financial markets
Authors: Hernández-Bustos Diego , Hernández-Hernández Daniel 
Published: December 2022

AbstractConsidering a representative agent in the market, we study the long-term optimal investment problem in a discrete-time financial market, introducing a set of restrictions in the admissible strategies. The drawdown constraints limit the size of possible losses of the portfolio and impose a floor-based performance measure. The optimal growth rate is characterized, and under suitable hypotheses it is proved that an optimal strategy exists. The approach to solving this problem is based on dynamic programming techniques and a fixed point argument adapted from the theory of Markov decision processes.
On extremes of random clusters and marked renewal cluster processes
Authors: Basrak Bojan , Milinčević Nikolina , Žugec Petra 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis article describes the limiting distribution of the extremes of observations that arrive in clusters. We start by studying the tail behaviour of an individual cluster, and then we apply the developed theory to determine the limiting distribution of
$\max\{X_j\,:\, j=0,\ldots, K(t)\}$
, where K(t) is the number of independent and identically distributed observations
$(X_j)$
arriving up to the time t according to a general marked renewal cluster process. The results are illustrated in the context of some commonly used Poisson cluster models such as the marked Hawkes process.
Pastoreo y caza en las economías corporativas del Río Grande de San Juan, Andes circumpuneños (800-1450 dC)
Authors: Maryañski Juan M. , Nielsen Axel E. 
Published: December 2022

ResumenEn este trabajo discutimos la evolución de las economías de pastoreo y caza en el Río Grande de San Juan entre los 800 y 1450 dC, período caracterizado por la agregación demográfica, la integración de comunidades y el aumento de la complejidad social. A partir del análisis de un amplio cuerpo de datos arqueofaunísticos, evaluamos la validez para esta región de hipótesis previas sobre la organización de las economías circumpuneñas. Los resultados muestran la persistencia de estrategias de producción pastoril diversificadas que aprovecharon la llama como proveedora de carne y animal de carga, y la intensificación de la caza de vicuñas. Estas estrategias se sustentaron en la gestión de territorios ecológicamente diversificados y en la capacidad para movilizar fuerza de trabajo a escala supradoméstica, características distintivas de las economías corporativas que emergieron en la Circumpuna a comienzos del segundo milenio de nuestra era.
Economic Integration and Obsidian Consumption in the Late Postclassic Period K'iche’ Region
Authors: Horowitz Rachel A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAlthough much research has been conducted on the Late Postclassic period Maya, there has been relatively less study of the role of economic activities in political management during this period. Many such studies focused on obsidian analysis and technology as proxies for trade and exchange. This article builds on that research, using a legacy collection of obsidian implements collected during archaeological surveys in the 1970s to examine Late Postclassic period (AD 1200–1524) economic networks in the K'iche’ region. Obsidian collections from the site of Q'umarkaj and the surrounding region were examined through technological and geochemical analyses. I find that during the Late Postclassic period, K'iche’ elites had more access to nonlocal obsidian sources than did non-elites, but that access to locally available sources was managed through independent and diverse acquisition networks. Thus, the K'iche’ elite were not dependent on local economies as a main source of political power.