bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing a conceptual model for understanding nutritional problems and health-related outcomes among Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes: implications for digital health interventions
Authors: Yun WANG , Xiangping YUAN , Xianju GU , Changxiu MENG , Yanling ZHENG 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
It is generally agreed that a healthy diet could promote the management of diabetes, with emerging research indicating the potential delay and prevention of T2DM and its complications. This study used a qualitative method to obtain a first-hand and in-depth understanding of nutritional problems and concerns among patients with type 2 diabetes and explored the negative impacts of insufficient nutrition management on quality of life.
Methods
Twenty-one adult patients with type 2 diabetes participated in a semi structured interview regarding nutritional problems and negative impacts on quality of life. Recordings were transcribed verbatim, and content analysis was used to identify themes.
Results
Four themes emerged from the analysis to represent nutritional problems and negative impacts on quality of life: nutrition literacy, sociocultural aspects of nutrition, behaviours and nutrition management, and negative health-related outcomes .
Conclusions
Considering the nutrition issues and the negative impacts among Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes, digital health intervention was an effective way to improve their health-related outcomes. Personal, social, cultural and religious factors should all be taken into consideration when promoting nutrition knowledge and behaviours.
Comparative effects of fresh and dry ginger as nutritional supplements on live-weight gain, carcass characteristics and meat quality of broiler chicken
Authors: Egenuka Francisca C. , Okeudo Ndukwe James , Otti Melita I. , Obikaonu Helen Ogechi , Aladi Nnanyere Okwunna 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Fresh and sundried ginger was given to broilers to compare the effect of sun drying on their efficacy as nutritional supplements. 180 broiler chicks of Abor-acre strain were divided into three dietary groups comprising of 60 chicks which were further subdivided into four replicates of 15 chicks per replicate. Three experimental broiler starter diets were formulated such that diet 1 (T1, control diet) and diet 3 (T3) contained no ginger. Diet 2 (T2) contained 0.5% sundried ginger meal. However, broilers placed on diet 3 (T3) were also offered a fresh equivalent of 0.5% sundried ginger through the drinking water. Feed and water were fed ad-libitum. Result showed that final live-weight, weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio were not affected (P > 0.05) in the starter phase but cost feed consumed was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the ginger groups compared to the control group. In the finisher phase, live-weight, weight gain and cost per kilogram weight gain were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the fresh ginger group compared to dry ginger and control groups, and cost of total feed intakes were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the ginger groups compared to the control group. Carcass and meat quality parameters were not affected (P > 0.05) by fresh or dry ginger treatment. Therefore, supplementation of broilers with fresh ginger rhizomes through the drinking water was more efficacious in promoting growth performance than inclusion of sundried ginger in the feed.
CMOS Beyond Silicon: Vertical GeSn Nanowire MOSFETs
Authors: Liu Mingshan , Junk Yannik , Han Yi , Yang Dong , Bae Jin Hee , Frauenrath Marvin , Hartmann Jean-Michel , Ikonic Zoran , Baerwolf Florian , Mai Andreas , Grützmacher Detlev , Knoch Joachim , Buca Dan Mihai , Zhao Qing-Tai 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The continued downscaling of silicon CMOS technology faces big challenges in achieving the required low power consumption. While high mobility channel materials hold promise for improved device performance at low power levels, to date a material system which enables both high mobility n-FETs and p-FETs, that is compatible with Si technology and can be readily integrated into existing fabrication lines is still missing. Here, we present high performance, vertical nanowire gate-all-around FETs based on the GeSn-material system grown on Si. While the p-FET performance is improved by exploiting the small band gap of GeSn as source yielding high injection velocities, the mobility in n-FETs is increased 2.5-fold compared to a Ge reference device, by using GeSn as channel material. The very high potential of the material system for future beyond Si CMOS logic and quantum computing applications is demonstrated via a GeSn inverter and steep switching at cryogenic temperatures, respectively.
Development of an Integrated Milestone Assessment Tool Across Multiple Early-Adopter Programs for Breaking Bad News: A Pilot Project
Authors: Turner Anisha , Gopakumar Sricharan , Minard Charles , Guffey Danielle , Allen Nathan , Kuo Dick , Poszywak Kelly , Pillow M. Tyson 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
BackgroundThe transition of the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) to milestone assessment creates opportunities for collaboration and shared assessments across graduate medical programs. Breaking bad news is an essential communication skill that is a common milestone across almost every medical specialty. The purpose of this study was to develop and pilot an integrated milestone assessment (IMA) tool for breaking bad news using ACGME milestone criteria and to compare the IMA tool with the existing SPIKES protocol. MethodsThe IMA tool was created using sub-anchors in professionalism and interpersonal communication skills that are applicable to every specialty and to the ability to break bad news. Two cases of breaking bad news, designed to be “easy” and “intermediate” in difficulty, were used to assess basic skills in breaking bad news in first-year medical residents from six residency specialties. Eight standardized patients were trained to portray the cases in sessions held in November 2013 and May 2014. Standardized patients completed an assessment checklist to evaluate each resident’s performance in breaking bad news based on their use of the SPIKES protocol and IMA tool. Residents answered post-encounter questions about their training and comfort in breaking bad news. The association between SPIKES and IMA scores was investigated by simple linear regression models and Spearman rank correlations.ResultsThere were 136 eligible medical residents: 108 (79.4%) participated in the first session and 97 (71.3%) participated in the second session, with 96 (70.6%) residents participating in both sessions. Overall, we were able to identify residents that performed at both extremes of the assessment criteria using the integrated milestone assessment (IMA) and the SPIKES protocol. Interestingly, residents rated themselves below “comfortable” on average. ConclusionWe developed an integrated milestone assessment (IMA) that was better than the SPIKES protocol at assessing the skill of breaking bad news. This collaborative assessment tool can be used as supplement tool in the era of milestone transformation. We aim assess our tool in other specialties and institutions, as well as assess other shared milestones across specialties.
Rates of confirmatory HIV testing, linkage to HIV services, and rapid initiation of antiretroviral treatment among newly diagnosed children living with HIV in Ethiopia: perspectives from caregivers and healthcare workers
Authors: Bekele Alemayehu , Hrapcak Susan , Mohammed Jelaludin Ahmed , Yimer Jemal Ayalew , Tilahun Tsegaye , Antefe Tenagnework , Kumssa Hanna , Kassa Desta , Mengistu Semegnew , Mirkovic Kelsey , Dziuban Eric J. , Belay Zena , Ross Christine , Teferi Wondimu 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Successful linkage to HIV services and initiation of antiretroviral treatment (ART) for children living with HIV (CLHIV) is critical to improve pediatric ART coverage. We aimed to assess confirmatory testing, linkage, and rapid ART initiation among newly diagnosed CLHIV in Ethiopia from the perspectives of caregivers and healthcare workers (HCWs). Methods: We conducted standardized surveys with HCWs and caregivers of children 2-14 years who were diagnosed with HIV but not yet on ART who had been identified during a cross-sectional study in Ethiopia from May 2017-March 2018. Three months after study enrollment, caregivers were surveyed about timing and experiences with HIV service enrollment, confirmatory testing, and ART initiation. Data collected from HCWs included perceptions of confirmatory testing in CLHIV before ART initiation. SPSS was used to conduct descriptive statistics. Results: The majority of the 41 CLHIV were enrolled to HIV services (n=34, 83%) and initiated ART by three months (n=32, 94%). Median time from diagnosis to ART initiation was 12 days (interquartile range 5-18). Five children died before the follow-up interview. Confirmatory HIV testing was conducted in 34 children and found no discordant results; the majority (n= 23, 68%) received it within one week of HIV diagnosis. Almost all HCWs (n=39/40, 98%) and caregivers (n=31/34, 91%) felt better/the same about test results after conducting confirmatory testing. Conclusion: Opportunities remain to strengthen linkage for newly diagnosed CLHIV in Ethiopia through intensifying early follow-up to ensure prompt confirmatory testing and rapid ART initiation. Additional services could help caregivers with decision-making around treatment initiation for their children.
Luminescence measurement of Feldspar
Authors: Uzorka Afam 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In their ideal form, feldspars are wide bandgap (> 5 eV) insulators with a well-defined crystal structure. A natural sample may contain different feldspar phases, disorders, twinning effects, fractures, dislocations, and highly variable impurity contents. With such messy materials, one might expect that exposing the samples to ionizing radiation would alter the structure so that the results from a single feldspar would not be reproducible. However, one finds that the luminescence emission changes with sample temperature in a similar way for different feldspars and decays away with prolonged Infrared (IR) exposure at a similar rate. In these experiments, the luminescence intensities of irradiated aliquots of A1, K3, K6, and VI.1 were measured while they were exposed to 850 nm exciting light either for long periods at constant aliquot temperature or while the aliquot temperature was changed during the optical excitation. I found that the luminescence intensity decreased with time for all sample aliquots, and all emission bands if the optical excitation and the aliquot temperature remained constant. The decay rate for the luminescence from K3 was found to be independent of temperature, but for the other samples, it was not. Our results are consistent with a model consisting of one type of trap, and electrons excited from these traps recombine at different luminescence centers producing the different emission bands. Differences in the activation energy and work function values between our samples for the same emission band, and between our samples and those of others, are interpreted as being caused by slightly different environments around the traps and luminescence centers.
Modified moving average methodology applied to the treadmill stress testing analysis of microvolt T-wave alternans
Authors: Filho Horacio Gomes Pereira , Samesima Nelson , Madaloso Bruna Affonso , Tobias Nancy Maria Martins Oliveira , Facin Mirella , Pastore Carlos Alberto 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Sudden cardiac death is impactful. There has been an increase in the search for tools capable of identifying individuals who are most susceptible, such as the microvolt T-wave alternans. This study aims to analyze the applicability of the modified moving average methodology to obtain the microvolt T-wave alternans using treadmill specific protocols. Medical records of patients during the period August 2006-December 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. Five hundred and thirty nine exams were then included, divided into groups according to the protocol and updating factor used: Ellestad factor 8 or 32, Naughton factor 8 or 32. The topics for analysis were the alternans behavior, noise and validation according to the groups of leads analyzed (frontal, transversal and orthogonal planes).The greater microvolt T-wave alternans was found during the stress phase in most of the tests. Group Naughton 8 presented lower noise in this phase for the transverse and orthogonal planes (p=0.0082 and p<0.0001), with greater validation of frontal and orthogonal planes in comparison with group Ellestad 8 (p=0.0002 and 0.0008). The results indicate the viability of simultaneous performance of the stress test and measurement of the T wave alternans with Naughton protocol with 1/8 updating factor.
Altered occupational behaviour and experience is associated with reduced depressive symptoms in patients undergoing psychosomatic rehabilitation
Authors: Papst Lilia , Zickwolf Christian , Käfer Michael , Beierlein Volker , Köllner Volker 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Work stress is a common factor in the development of depressive disorders. However, not only workplace environment, but also personal attitudes may affect stress experience and susceptibility to depression. The aim of this study was to investigate changes in occupational attitudes following psychosomatic rehabilitation and their association with depressiveness in N = 1708 inpatients. Changes in attitudes and depressiveness were investigated using Bonferroni-corrected t-tests and Cohen’s dz effect sizes for paired samples, associations between changes were assessed by Pearson correlation analysis of pre-post differential values. Changes in work attitudes were found on eight subscales of the Assessment of Work-related Behaviour and Experience Patterns questionnaire (Padj ≤ .001, Cohen’s dz = -0.45 to 0.43). Most patients (57.4%) were classified to have a Burnout occupational coping style at admission, changes following rehabilitation were most frequently observed from Burnout to Sparing coping styles (8.3%). Associations between changes in occupational attitudes and depressive symptom reduction were found for all subscales (r = − .39 to .25) except work ambition, and for occupational coping styles Burnout (r = .19), Sparing (r = − .18) and Healthy (r = − .10), but not Ambitious. The data support an association between occupational beliefs and depressiveness.
Is the C4d, nephrin, and Wilms' tumor-1 staining pattern sensitive and specific for the differential diagnosis of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and minimal change disease cases?
Authors: Akcali Esra , Turgutalp Kenan , Karabulut Yasemin Yuyucu , Eser Zeynep Ebru , Mistik Ozge Agtas , Yilmaz Banu Coskun , Bardak Simge , Ozturk Savas , Demir Serap , Kiykim Ahmet Alper 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Differential diagnosis between minimal change disease (MCD) and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is important because prognosis and treatment response of each disease is different. However, in some cases these two diseases cannot be distinguished from each other clinically and histopathologically.The aim of this study is to determine whether glomerular complement 4d (C4d), nephrin, Renal Wilms' tumor-1 (WT1) staining can be used to differentiate FSGS and MCD.Method: Patients with primary FSGS and MCD were included in the study. Specificity and sensitivity of C4d, nephrin, WT-1 staining was calculated for the diagnosis of FSGS and MCD.Results: Glomerular focal segmental C4d positivity (C4dP) was higher in FSGS compared to MCD patients. Nephrin staining positivity (NsP) was higher in MCD than FSGS patients (p<0.05). Specificity and sensitivity of glomerular C4dP for FSGS diagnose (85% and 73.9%) was higher compared to MCD (26.1% and 15.4%). Specificity and sensitivity of nephrin staining loss (NsLo) for FSGS diagnose (87% and 69%) was higher than MCD (30.8% and 13%). Specificity and sensitivity of coexistence of NsLo and C4dP (CoNsLo-C4dP) was higher in FSGS patients. Specificity and sensitivity of coexistence of NsP and C4d negativity (CoNsP-C4dN) was higher in MCD patients (100% and 77.8%). WT-1 was found neither specific nor sensitive for the differential diagnosis of FSGS and MCD.Conclusion: Glomerular C4dP and NsLo may be a method with high specificity and sensitivity in differentiating FSGS from MCD. CoNsLo-C4dP has the highest specificity and sensitivity for FSGS and CoNsP-C4dN for MCD.
Distribution of M. tuberculosis infection and analysis of rifampicin and isoniazid resistance as determined in the region by high-resolution melting
Authors: Wang Zhenzhen , Guo Tengfei , Jiang Tao , Zhao Zhanqin , Zu Xiangyang , Li Long , Zhang Qing , Hou Yi , Xue Yun 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Identifying the transmission mode and resistance mechanism of M. tuberculosis is the key to prevent the transmission and drug resistance of M. tuberculosis. However, related data are still lacking in the region, and the purpose of this study was to investigate the transmission characteristics of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and the resistance patterns of isoniazid and rifampicin, as well as multidrug-resistant tuberculosis(MDR-TB).Methods: We analyzed the high-resolution melting PCR results of sputum, alveolar lavage fluid and pleural fluid specimens in a total of 17,515 suspected or confirmed patients in downtown and nine counties of Luoyang City from 2019 to 2021, revealed the distribution and transmission characteristics of M. tuberculosis, and assessed the risk factors associated with rifampin and isoniazid resistance and MDR-TB.Results: Of the included study data, 82.6% were from rural areas and 96.0% were initial patients. overall, 16.8% cases diagnosed with tuberculosis(TB), with males (18.0%) having a higher positivity rate than females (14.1%). Consistent with our expectations, positive sputum smear was a positive factor for HRM positivity, with HRM positivity rates being much higher than smear-negative populations. By age, the highest rates of TB infection occurred in males aged 26-30 yearsand in females (28.1%) aged 21-25. The rates of resistance to rifampicin (20.5%), isoniazid (16.0%) and MDR detection (12.9%) in males were higher than 16.0%, 12.0% and 10.2% in females. The absolute value number of HRM positives in new patients was much higher than that of the groups with a history of tuberculosis treatment, but the HRM positive rate and tuberculosis drug resistance rate of the reteratment population were higher than those of new cases. Notably, males in new patients had higher rates of HRM positivity, isoniazid resistance(R-H), rifampicin resistance(R-R) and MDR-TB detection than females, and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05), but in individuals who had received TB treatment, the above indicators were just opposite, which were higher in females than in males. The rate of HRM positive and the tuberculosis resistance of urban population is much higher than that of township population. In the multivariate model, previous treatment history, age younger than 51 years, urban area and male were significantly and positively associated with tuberculosis resistance after adjusting for smear results and year testing.Conclusions: Males were a high burden group of TB infection and drug resistance, and the detection of the local MTB-positive population, R-H, R-R and MDR-TB may be younger. More comprehensive resistance pattern monitoring is needed to control the spread of TB and manage local TB resistance.
Consumption Trends in Antibiotics for Veterinary Use in Rwanda: A Retrospective Study between 2019 and 2021
Authors: Manishimwe Rosine , Ndayisenga Balthazar , Habimana Richard , Mwikarago Ivan E. , Habiyaremye Theobald , Shyaka Anselme , Kabatende Joseph , Habyalimana Vedaste , Karangwa Charles , Bienvenu Emile 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Estimation of antibiotic consumption in animals is very important to guide decision-making and research related to the control of emergences and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in humans, animals, and the environment. This study aimed at to establishing consumption trends of antibiotics for veterinary purpose in Rwanda between 2019 and 2021. Data were collected from the Rwanda Food and Drugs Authority’s database. Quantities of imported antibiotic active ingredients were computed using the information extracted from the issued import licenses. These quantities were subsequently adjusted per animal biomass.
Results
In total 35 291.39 kg of antibiotics were consumed in Rwanda between 2019 and 2021 with an annual mean of 11 763.80 ± 1 486.91kg. The adjustment of imported quantities of antibiotics per animal biomass revealed that 29.82mg/kg and 25.22 mg/kg were consumed in 2019 and 2020 respectively. A decline in antibiotic consumption was noted in 2020 (p-value > 0.05). Most of the imported antibiotics were indicated for food-producing animals (35 289.36 kg or 99.99% of the imported antibiotics). Tetracycline (17 768.65 kg), followed by sulfonamides (7 864.99 kg) and aminoglycosides (4 071.12 kg) were the most imported antibiotics over the studied period. It was noted that 78.93% of the imported antibiotics were categorized as highly important antimicrobials for human medicine.
Conclusion
This study establishes a generalized overview of the consumption of antibiotics for veterinary use in Rwanda. Results can serve as guidance to control antibiotic misuse and to make correlation between antibiotic consumption and occurrence of antibiotic resistance.
Reusable prediction network for target 6D attitude real-time estimation
Authors: Jia Di , jin zhiyang , Wang Qian 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This paper proposes a rigid body 6D attitude estimation method based on a reusable prediction network. Method: First, two independent feature encoders extract the feature information matrix from taking the RGB-D image at the current time and the target rendering model at a previous time. Second, The above two characteristic information matrices are fused and introduced into the multiplexing prediction network, and the prediction rotation matrix is obtained by decoupling the feature information fusion matrix. Finally, by decoupling the fused matrix, the rotation and translation matrices are obtained. Additionally, a channel weight allocation module in conjunction with a residual network is added to improve the accuracy of real-time attitude estimation. Conclusions: Training the reusable prediction network with the YCBInEOAT dataset, the network can converge faster. In addition, the mean distance values and symmetric mean distance values in the evaluation metrics are greater than those obtained using the se(3)-TrackNet method, with a 7.29% increase in mean distance values and a 13.78% increase in symmetric mean distance values.