bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transfusions and early outcomes in anaemic patients undergoing off- or on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting
Authors: Koster Andreas , Zittermann Armin , Gummert Jan F , von Dossow Vera , Deutsch Marcus-André 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We retrospectively compared transfusion rates and early outcomes in 1621 consecutive patients with preoperative anaemia undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) or on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (ONCAB) surgery using a propensity score analysis with inverse probability of treatment weighting. Endpoints were transfusions, early morbidity, and mortality. Surgeries were performed by 45 dedicated OPCAB and/or ONCAB surgeons during the 10-year study period. Operative data did not differ significantly between study groups with the exception of a more frequent use of bilateral internal mammary artery revascularization approach in OPCAB patients than ONCAB patients. OPCAB was associated with fewer transfusions and lower risk for the need of postoperative renal replacement therapy, but higher risk of wound infections than ONCAB. Perioperative stroke risk and 30-day and 1-year mortality did not differ significantly between the groups. Our data in a ‘real-world setting’ indicate that in patients with preoperative anaemia both ONCAB and OPCAB are feasible surgical approaches regarding early morbidity and mortality.
Childcare attendance and risk of infections in childhood and adolescence
Authors: Søegaard Signe Holst , Spanggaard Maria , Rostgaard Klaus , Kamper-Jørgensen Mads , Stensballe Lone Graff , Schmiegelow Kjeld , Hjalgrim Henrik 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
It has been suggested that the transiently increased infection risk following childcare enrolment is compensated by decreased infection risk later in childhood and adolescence. We investigated how childcare enrolment affected rates of antimicrobial-treated infections during childhood and adolescence.

Methods
In a register-based cohort study of all children born in Denmark 1997–2014 with available exposure information (n = 1 007 448), we assessed the association between childcare enrolment before age 6 years and infection risks up to age 20 years, using antimicrobial exposure as proxy for infections. Nationwide childcare and prescription data were used. We estimated infection rates and the cumulative number of infections using adjusted Poisson regression models.

Results
We observed 4 599 993 independent episodes of infection (antimicrobial exposure) during follow-up. Childcare enrolment transiently increased infection rates; the younger the child, the greater the increase. The resulting increased cumulative number of infections associated with earlier age at childcare enrolment was not compensated by lower infection risk later in childhood or adolescence. Accordingly, children enrolled in childcare before age 12 months had experienced 0.5–0.7 more infections at age 6 years (in total 4.5–5.1 infections) than peers enrolled at age 3 years, differences that persisted throughout adolescence. The type of childcare had little impact on infection risks.

Conclusions
Early age at childcare enrolment is associated with a modest increase in the cumulative number of antimicrobial-treated infections at all ages through adolescence. Emphasis should be given to disrupting infectious disease transmission in childcare facilities through prevention strategies with particular focus on the youngest children.
Use of antihypertensive drugs and risk of cutaneous melanoma: a nationwide nested case-control study
Authors: Ghiasvand Reza , Berge Leon A M , Andreassen Bettina K , Stenehjem Jo S , Heir Trond , Karlstad Øystein , Juzeniene Asta , Larsen Inger K , Green Adele C , Veierød Marit B , Robsahm Trude E 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
Most antihypertensives can induce dermal photosensitivity, which may increase melanoma risk. However, corroborating evidence is limited. We examined the associations between use of antihypertensives and melanoma risk.

Methods
A nationwide nested case-control study was conducted using data from the Cancer Registry of Norway, the National Registry and the Norwegian Prescription Database in 2004–15. Ten controls were randomly selected for each melanoma case, matched on sex and birth year. The study included 12 048 cases and 117 895 controls. We estimated rate ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). All analyses were adjusted for ambient ultraviolet radiation (UVR). We additionally performed active comparator analyses, and sensitivity analyses by only including new users, distinguishing between exclusive and mixed users, allowing for different latency periods, and subgroup analyses by melanoma subtype and clinical stage.

Results
Compared with non-use, we observed a slightly increased melanoma risk in users of diuretics (RR 1.08, CI 1.01–1.15), calcium-channel blockers (RR 1.10, CI 1.04–1.18) and drugs affecting the renin-angiotensin system (RR 1.10, CI 1.04–1.16), but not for beta blockers (RR 0.97, CI 0.92–1.03). We found no heterogeneity of associations by melanoma subtype or clinical stage and no dose-response relationship between the cumulative defined daily doses (DDDs) and melanoma. No interaction was found between cumulative DDDs and ambient UVR.

Conclusions
Weak associations, with lack of a dose-response relationship and lack of interactions with ambient UVR, in the DDD analysis in this nationwide study do not support a causal relationship between antihypertensives and melanoma risk.
Digital remains: property or privacy?
Authors: Birnhack Michael , Morse Tal 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
How should the law treat digital remains, namely, digital personal information of deceased people? Two rival conceptions compete over the best framing: property and privacy. Under property framing, digital remains are just another form of assets, subject to succession law; under privacy framing, digital remains are personal data, and upon death, are not part of the estate. However, whether privacy rights survive death is contested. This article distinguishes between four legal categories of digital remains (intangible items, information about property, intellectual property and personal data), unpacks the two rival framings, and argues that the property framework captures the first three categories of digital remains, but not the last. The article examines the argument for posthumous privacy and concludes that at most, the law should protect reasonable expectations of the living regarding their post-mortem condition, subject to balancing them with competing interests and rights of the living.
Vaccination with the Omicron spike RBD boosts broadly neutralizing antibody levels and confers sustained protection even after acquiring immunity to the original antigen
Authors: Azuma Hitoshi , Kawano Yohei , Shitaoka Kiyomi , Kawahara Takahiro , Ito Ayano , Higashiura Akifumi , Kitajima Yasuo , Ohki Shun , Yasuda Tomoharu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe immune evasion of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants caused by multiple amino acid replacements in the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein wanes the effectiveness of antibodies elicited by current SARS-CoV-2 booster vaccination. The vaccines that target Omicron strains have been recently developed, however, there has been a concern yet to be addressed regarding the negative aspect of the immune response known as original antigenic sin. Here, we demonstrate that the breadth of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants is barely elicited by immunizing monovalent viral antigens via vaccination or natural infection in mice and human subjects. However, vaccination of Omicron BA.1 RBD to pre-immunized mice with the original RBD conferred sustained neutralizing activity to BA.1 and BA.2 not only original pseudoviruses. The acquisition of neutralizing antibody breadth was further confirmed in vaccinated-then-Omicron convalescent human sera in which neutralizing activity against BA.1 and BA.2 pseudoviruses was highly induced. Thus, our data suggest that Omicron-specific vaccines or the infection with Omicron viruses can boost potent neutralizing antibodies to the Omicron variants even in the host pre-vaccinated with the original antigen.
Applications of the hollow-fibre infection model (HFIM) in viral infection studies
Authors: Kembou-Ringert Japhette E , Readman John , Smith Claire M , Breuer Judith , Standing Joseph F 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Conventional cell culture systems involve growing cells in stationary cultures in the presence of growth medium containing various types of supplements. At confluency, the cells are divided and further expanded in new culture dishes. This passage from confluent monolayer to sparse cultures does not reflect normal physiological conditions and represents quite a drastic physiological change that may affect the natural cell physiobiology. Hollow-fibre bioreactors were in part developed to overcome these limitations and since their inception, they have widely been used in production of monoclonal antibodies and recombinant proteins. These bioreactors are increasingly used to study antibacterial drug effects via simulation of in vivo pharmacokinetic profiles. The use of the hollow-fibre infection model (HFIM) in viral infection studies is less well developed and in this review we have analysed and summarized the current available literature on the use of these bioreactors, with an emphasis on viruses. Our work has demonstrated that this system can be applied for viral expansion, studies of drug resistance mechanisms, and studies of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) of antiviral compounds. These platforms could therefore have great applications in large-scale vaccine development, and in studies of mechanisms driving antiviral resistance, since the HFIM could recapitulate the same resistance mechanisms and mutations observed in vivo in clinic. Furthermore, some dosage and spacing regimens evaluated in the HFIM system, as allowing maximal viral suppression, are in line with clinical practice and highlight this ‘in vivo-like’ system as a powerful tool for experimental validation of in vitro-predicted antiviral activities.
Machine learning approaches for electronic health records phenotyping: a methodical review
Authors: Yang Siyue , Varghese Paul , Stephenson Ellen , Tu Karen , Gronsbell Jessica 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveAccurate and rapid phenotyping is a prerequisite to leveraging electronic health records for biomedical research. While early phenotyping relied on rule-based algorithms curated by experts, machine learning (ML) approaches have emerged as an alternative to improve scalability across phenotypes and healthcare settings. This study evaluates ML-based phenotyping with respect to (1) the data sources used, (2) the phenotypes considered, (3) the methods applied, and (4) the reporting and evaluation methods used.Materials and methodsWe searched PubMed and Web of Science for articles published between 2018 and 2022. After screening 850 articles, we recorded 37 variables on 100 studies.ResultsMost studies utilized data from a single institution and included information in clinical notes. Although chronic conditions were most commonly considered, ML also enabled the characterization of nuanced phenotypes such as social determinants of health. Supervised deep learning was the most popular ML paradigm, while semi-supervised and weakly supervised learning were applied to expedite algorithm development and unsupervised learning to facilitate phenotype discovery. ML approaches did not uniformly outperform rule-based algorithms, but deep learning offered a marginal improvement over traditional ML for many conditions.DiscussionDespite the progress in ML-based phenotyping, most articles focused on binary phenotypes and few articles evaluated external validity or used multi-institution data. Study settings were infrequently reported and analytic code was rarely released.ConclusionContinued research in ML-based phenotyping is warranted, with emphasis on characterizing nuanced phenotypes, establishing reporting and evaluation standards, and developing methods to accommodate misclassified phenotypes due to algorithm errors in downstream applications.
The effects of self-viewing in video chat during interpersonal work conversations
Authors: Shin Soo Yun , Ulusoy Ezgi , Earle Kelsey , Bente Gary , Van Der Heide Brandon 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
With the growing use of video chat in daily life, it is critical to understand how visual communication channels affect interpersonal relationships. A potentially important feature that distinguishes video chats from face-to-face interactions is the communicators’ ability to see themselves during the interaction. Our purpose was to determine the effects of self-viewing on the process and outcome of a workplace confrontation. A dyadic experiment with two (self-viewing vs. no self-viewing) conditions was conducted using multi-instruments (self-report, physiological arousal, eye-tracking). Results showed that self-viewing reduced self-evaluation, which subsequently reduced solution satisfaction. Self-viewing also impaired one’s ability to assess their partner’s attitude and lowered partner evaluation. Although self-viewing decreased negative emotional expressions, the effect on conversation tone varied depending on the role an individual played. The overall negative impacts of self-viewing ability have significant implications for the appropriate implementation of a computer-mediated channel for enhancing one’s experience when having a difficult conversation.
Concurrent subglottic and carotid sheath haemangiomas in a paediatric patient – an extremely rare clinical entity
Authors: Dolan Sean , Alatsatianos Anton , McAllister Kerrie , Kunanandam Thushitha 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Multiple haemangiomas of the head and neck area have been reported sporadically in the literature. Concurrent subglottic and carotid sheath haemangiomas have not been reported before in the paediatric population. The authors present the case of a 13-week-old child admitted under the paediatric ENT team with stridor. Diagnostic micro-laryngoscopy identified a subglottic haemangioma as the cause of stridor and subsequent magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated an incidental 7 cm carotid sheath lesion extending from the skull base to the superior mediastinum. Subsequent biopsy confirmed a benign infantile haemangioma. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of concurrent subglottic and carotid sheath infantile haemangiomas in a paediatric patient. Here we discuss the clinical features and management of infantile haemangioma.
Effects of soil mitigation on lawn-dwelling invertebrates following residential development
Authors: Borden Matthew A , Benda Nicole D , Bean Eban Z , Dale Adam G 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Residential areas are the most rapidly expanding land use type in the southeastern USA. Residential development impairs soil functions primarily through compaction and the removal or burial of topsoil and natural vegetation, which reduces water infiltration and retention, root penetration, and plant establishment. Plant stress reduces plant-derived ecosystem services and increases vulnerability to pests, often leading to supplemental management inputs in the form of irrigation, fertilizers, pesticides and labor. Soil-dwelling invertebrates, including detritivores and natural enemies of pests, drive valuable ecosystem functions that facilitate plant establishment and reduce maintenance inputs. Although poorly understood, soil disturbance during residential development likely disturbs these communities and reduces the services provided by soil-dwelling invertebrates. Here, we compare the effects of two soil compaction mitigation techniques, tillage with and without compost incorporation, on invertebrate communities and the services they provide over 2 years following residential development. We focus on the relationships between detritivores and detritus decomposition rates, entomopathogenic nematodes and the activity density of a key turfgrass pest and other arthropod herbivores and predators. We found that soil mitigation had no detectable benefit for epigeal arthropods within 1 year after disturbance, but that compost-amended soils supported greater arthropod richness and predator activity density than unmitigated soils in the second year after disturbance. In contrast, we found reduced insect-parasitic nematode activity associated with compost amendment. All taxa increased in abundance with time after development. These results can inform more sustainable residential development and landscape maintenance practices for more biodiverse and functional urban and residential ecosystems.
Exploring the single-pulse behaviours of PSR J0628+0909 with FAST
Authors: Hsu J A , Jiang J C , Xu H , Lee K J , Xu R X 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTMore than 100 rotating radio transients (RRATs) have been discovered since 2006. However, it is unclear whether RRATs radiate in nulling states. PSR J0628+0909 has been classified as an RRAT. In this paper, we study the single pulses and integrated pulse profile of PSR J0628+0909 to check whether we can detect pulsed radio emission in the nulling states. We also aim to study the polarization of the RRAT and its relationship to the general pulsar population. We used the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST) to observe PSR J0628+0909 in the frequency range from 1.0 to 1.5 GHz. We searched for strong single pulses and looked for pulsed emission in the RRAT nulling states. Polarization profiles, the single-pulse energy distribution, and waiting-time statistics were measured. The Faraday rotation measure and dispersion measure values are updated with the current observation. The single-pulse polarization behaviours show great diversity, similar to the case of pulsars. Based on the integrated pulse profile and single-pulse energy statistics, we argue that continuous pulsar-like emission exists in addition to the transient-like burst emission for PSR J0628+0909. We find that the pulse waiting time is not correlated with the pulse energy and conclude that the strong transient emission of RRAT is not generated by the energy store–release mechanism.
A targeted search for repeating fast radio bursts with the MWA
Authors: Tian J , Anderson G E , Hancock P J , Miller-Jones J C A , Sokolowski M , James C W , Bhat N D R , Swainston N A , Ung D , Meyers B W 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
We present a targeted search for low-frequency (144–215 MHz) fast radio burst (FRB) emission from five repeating FRBs using 23.3 h of archival data taken with the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA) voltage capture system (VCS) between 2014 September and 2020 May. This is the first time that the MWA VCS has been used to search for FRB signals from known repeaters, which enables much more sensitive FRB searches than previously performed with the standard MWA correlator mode. We performed a standard single-pulse search with a temporal and spectral resolution of $400\, \mu$s and 10 kHz, respectively, over a $100\, \text{pc}\, \text{cm}^{-3}$ dispersion measure (DM) range centred at the known DM of each studied repeating FRB. No FRBs exceeding a 6σ threshold were detected. The fluence upper limits in the range of 32–1175 and 36–488 Jy ms derived from 10 observations of FRB 20190711A and four observations of FRB 20201124A, respectively, allow us to constrain the spectral indices of their bursts to ≳−1 if these two repeaters were active during the MWA observations. If free–free absorption is responsible for our non-detection, we can constrain the size of the absorbing medium in terms of the electron temperature T to ${\lt} 1.00\times (T/10^4\,\text{K})^{-1.35}\, \text{pc}$, ${\lt} 0.92\times (T/10^4\,\text{K})^{-1.35}\, \text{pc}$, and ${\lt} [0.22\!-\!2.50]\times (T/10^4\,\text{K})^{-1.35}\, \text{pc}$ for FRB 20190117A, FRB 20190711A, and FRB 20201124A, respectively. However, given that the activities of these repeaters are not well characterized, our non-detections could also suggest they were inactive during the MWA observations.
Mock galaxy surveys for HST and JWST from the IllustrisTNG simulations
Authors: Snyder Gregory F , Peña Theodore , Yung L Y Aaron , Rose Caitlin , Kartaltepe Jeyhan , Ferguson Harry 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
We present and analyse a series of synthetic galaxy survey fields based on the IllustrisTNG simulation suite. With the IllustrisTNG public data release and JupyterLab service, we generated a set of 12 light-cone catalogues covering areas from 5 to 365 square arcmin, similar to several JWST Cycle 1 programs, including JADES, CEERS, PRIMER, and NGDEEP. From these catalogues, we queried the public application programming interface to generate simple mock images in a series of broad-band filters used by JWST-NIRCam and the Hubble Space Telescope cameras. This procedure generates wide-area simulated mosaic images that can support investigating the predicted evolution of galaxies alongside real data. Using these mocks, we demonstrate a few simple science cases, including morphological evolution and close pair selection. We publicly release the catalogues and mock images through MAST, along with the code used to generate these projects, so that the astrophysics community can use these products in their scientific analyses of JWST deep field observations.
Real-world Evidence of the Effects of Novel Treatments for COVID-19 on Mortality: A Nationwide Comparative Cohort Study of Hospitalized Patients in the First, Second, Third, and Fourth Waves in the Netherlands
Authors: Slim Marleen A , Appelman Brent , Peters-Sengers Hessel , Dongelmans Dave A , de Keizer Nicolette F , Schade Rogier P , de Boer Mark G J , Müller Marcella C A , Vlaar Alexander P J , Wiersinga W Joost , van Vught Lonneke A ,   NICE COVID-19 Research Consortium and the COVIDPredict study group, Appelman Brent , Schinkel Michiel , Beudel Martijn , Henry Ronald , Haspels-Hogervorst Esther K , Rusch Daisy , van den Oever Niels C Gritters , Simsek Suat , de Ruijter W , van Osch Frits H M , van den Bergh Joop P , de Kruif Martijn D , Douma Renee , de Haan Lianne R , Moeniralam Hazra , Brinkman Kees , Bokhizzou N 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
Large clinical trials on drugs for hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients have shown significant effects on mortality. There may be a discrepancy with the observed real-world effect. We describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of hospitalized COVID-19 patients in the Netherlands during 4 pandemic waves and analyze the association of the newly introduced treatments with mortality, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and discharge alive.

Methods
We conducted a nationwide retrospective analysis of hospitalized COVID-19 patients between February 27, 2020, and December 31, 2021. Patients were categorized into waves and into treatment groups (hydroxychloroquine, remdesivir, neutralizing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 monoclonal antibodies, corticosteroids, and interleukin [IL]-6 antagonists). Four types of Cox regression analyses were used: unadjusted, adjusted, propensity matched, and propensity weighted.

Results
Among 5643 patients from 11 hospitals, we observed a changing epidemiology during 4 pandemic waves, with a decrease in median age (67–64 years; P &lt; .001), in in-hospital mortality on the ward (21%–15%; P &lt; .001), and a trend in the ICU (24%–16%; P = .148). In ward patients, hydroxychloroquine was associated with increased mortality (1.54; 95% CI, 1.22–1.96), and remdesivir was associated with a higher rate of discharge alive within 29 days (1.16; 95% CI, 1.03–1.31). Corticosteroids were associated with a decrease in mortality (0.82; 95% CI, 0.69–0.96); the results of IL-6 antagonists were inconclusive. In patients directly admitted to the ICU, hydroxychloroquine, corticosteroids, and IL-6 antagonists were not associated with decreased mortality.

Conclusions
Both remdesivir and corticosteroids were associated with better outcomes in ward patients with COVID-19. Continuous evaluation of real-world treatment effects is needed.