bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hybrid enrichment of adaptive variation revealed by genotype–environment associations in montane sedges
Authors: Hodel Richard G. J. , Massatti Rob , Knowles L. Lacey 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe role of hybridization in diversification is complex and may result in many possible outcomes. Not only can hybridization produce new lineages, but those lineages may contain unique combinations of adaptive genetic variation derived from parental taxa that allow hybrid‐origin lineages to occupy unique environmental space relative to one (or both) parent(s). We document such a case of hybridization between two sedge species, Carex nova and Carex nelsonii (Cyperaceae), that occupy partially overlapping environmental space in the southern Rocky Mountains, USA. In the region hypothesized to be the origin of the hybrid lineage, one parental taxon (C. nelsonii) is at the edge of its environmental tolerance. Hybrid‐origin individuals display mixed ancestry between the parental taxa—of nearly 7000 unlinked loci sampled, almost 30% showed evidence of excess ancestry from one parental lineage—approximately half displayed a genomic background skewed towards one parent, and half skewed towards the other. To test whether excess ancestry loci may have conferred an adaptive advantage to the hybrid‐origin lineage, we conducted genotype–environment association analyses on different combinations of loci—with and without excess ancestry—and with multiple contrasts between the hybrids and parental taxa. Loci with skewed ancestry showed significant environmental associations distinguishing the hybrid lineage from one parent (C. nelsonii), whereas loci with relatively equal representation of parental ancestries showed no such environmental associations. Moreover, the overwhelming majority of candidate adaptive loci with respect to environmental gradients also had excess ancestry from a parental lineage, implying these loci have facilitated the persistence of the hybrid lineage in an environment unsuitable to at least one parent.
Home‐rule versus non‐territorial autonomy? Western European national movements and their views on the minority question, 1919–1939
Authors: Núñez Seixas Xosé M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe leading elites of the ethnonationalist movements that developed in the aftermath of World War I in Western Europe usually refused to see their nations and territories as ‘national minorities’. In their view, they were stateless nations or nationalities. However, in the aftermath of World War I, the prior international discussion on the nationality principle was increasingly replaced with the notion of ‘minority rights’, enhanced by the implementation of the Minorities Treaties by the League of Nations. Thus, the term ‘national minority’ emerged as a label that permitted ethnonationalist activist to present their claims on the international stage. This became evident in the participation of some Western European national movements in the activities of some transnational non‐governmental organisations, such as the Congress of European Nationalities (1925–1939). However, the general programme advocated by the most influential leaders of East‐Central ethnic minorities, based on the extension of the personal principle and the implementation of non‐territorial autonomy all over Europe, was hard to accept for ethnonationalist elites from Western Europe, which were interested in territorial home‐rule and believed that their homelands did not fit in the category of ‘minority’. This article explores the modalities and limits of that cultural and political dialogue.
Nations as justified substate authorities
Authors: Da Silva Michael 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMany classic and contemporary works on the moral status of ‘nations’ examine whether nations have unique features that require providing them with a distinctive status. Yet identifying features that can ground distinct national rights to secession or co‐national partiality, for two prominent examples, remains exceedingly difficult. Many accordingly question whether there is anything morally ‘special’ about nations. This work seeks to address this concern by refocusing analysis of nations' role in political morality. It defends analysing nations' moral status by focusing on a more prosaic issue motivated by other nationalist demands, namely, whether substate nations can justifiably possess power(s) to make decisions about particular subjects for co‐nationals within an encompassing state unfettered by that state's direct involvement. It argues that nations are ‘special’ if they can justifiably possess such ‘substate authority’, even if nothing requires that nations possess it. It then identifies and motivates five criteria for justified substate national authority. These criteria explain how, when and why substate nations can hold particular, identifiable powers within states when other groups cannot. It thereby identifies an important role for nations in political morality. The work concludes by demonstrating how it helps further three ongoing debates about the moral status of nations.
Surviving severe COVID‐19: Interviews with patients, informal carers and health professionals
Authors: Gonçalves Ana‐Carolina , Williams Annabel , Koulouglioti Christina , Leckie Todd , Hunter Alexander , Fitzpatrick Daniel , Richardson Alan , Hardy Benjamin , Venn Richard , Hodgson Luke 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic has been associated with an unprecedented number of critical care survivors. Their experiences through illness and recovery are likely to be complex, but little is known about how best to support them.AimThis study aimed to explore experiences of illness and recovery from the perspective of survivors, their relatives and professionals involved in their care.Study designIn‐depth qualitative interviews were conducted with three stakeholder groups during the first wave of the pandemic. A total of 23 participants (12 professionals, 6 survivors and 5 relatives) were recruited from 5 acute hospitals in England and interviewed by telephone or video call. Data analysis followed the principles of Reflexive Thematic Analysis.FindingsThree themes were generated from their interview data: (1) Deteriorating fast—a downhill journey from symptom onset to critical care; (2) Facing a new virus in a hospital—a remote place; and (3) Returning home as a survivor, maintaining normality and recovering slowly.ConclusionsOur findings highlight challenges in accessing care and communication between patients, hospital staff and relatives. Following hospital discharge, patients adopted a reframed ‘survivor identity’ to cope with their experience of illness and slow recovery process. The concept of survivorship in this patient group may be beneficial to promote and explore further.Relevance to clinical practiceAll efforts should be made to continue to improve communication between patients, relatives and health professionals during critical care admissions, particularly while hospital visits are restricted. Adapting to life after critical illness may be more challenging while health services are restricted by the impacts of the pandemic. It may be beneficial to promote the concept of survivorship, following admission to critical care due to severe COVID‐19.
When less is more and more is less: the impact of sampling effort on species delineation
Authors: Guenser Pauline , Ginot Samuel , Escarguel Gilles , Goudemand Nicolas 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTaxonomy is the very first step of most biodiversity studies, but how confident can we be in the taxa delineation? One may hypothesize that the more abundant the material, the more accurate the description of morphological variability and hence the better the taxonomic delineation. Yet, as we shall see, in the case of numerous transitional forms, this hypothesis may prove wrong. Similarly to rarefaction curves that assess the degree of knowledge on taxonomic diversity through sampling effort, we aim to test the impact of sampling effort on species delineation by subsampling a given assemblage. To do so, we use an abundant and morphologically diverse conodont fossil assemblage from the Smithian of Oman. We first recognize four well established morphospecies but about 80% of the specimens are transitional forms. We quantify the diagnostic characters in a sample of 159 P1 elements using geometric morphometrics and assess, via gradually subsampling the assemblage, the number of morphometric groups (i.e. morphospecies) using ordination and clustering analyses. Four morphospecies were detected when less than 20% of the specimens were considered. The number of detected clusters dropped to two when including more than 30% of the specimens. Such influence of sampling effort on species delineation highlights the complexity of taxonomic work, especially when transitional forms are more abundant than typical specimens. These results should encourage researchers to extensively illustrate, measure and quantitatively compare their material to better constrain the morphological variability and delineation of taxa.
CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated tetra‐allelic mutation of the ‘Green Revolution’ SEMIDWARF‐1 (SD‐1) gene confers lodging resistance in tef (Eragrostis tef)
Authors: Beyene Getu , Chauhan Raj Deepika , Villmer Justin , Husic Nada , Wang Ning , Gebre Endale , Girma Dejene , Chanyalew Solomon , Assefa Kebebew , Tabor Girma , Gehan Malia , McGrone Michael , Yang Meizhu , Lenderts Brian , Schwartz Chris , Gao Huirong , Gordon‐Kamm William , Taylor Nigel J. , MacKenzie Donald J. 
Published: May 2022

SummaryTef is a staple food and a valuable cash crop for millions of people in Ethiopia. Lodging is a major limitation to tef production, and for decades, the development of lodging resistant varieties proved difficult with conventional breeding approaches. We used CRISPR/Cas9 to introduce knockout mutations in the tef orthologue of the rice SEMIDWARF‐1 (SD‐1) gene to confer semidwarfism and ultimately lodging resistance. High frequency recovery of transgenic and SD‐1 edited tef lines was achieved in two tef cultivars by Agrobacterium‐mediated delivery into young leaf explants of gene editing reagents along with transformation and regeneration enhancing morphogenic genes, BABY BOOM (BBM) and WUSCHEL2 (WUS2). All of the 23 lines analyzed by next‐generation sequencing had at least two or more alleles of SD‐1 mutated. Of these, 83% had tetra‐allelic frameshift mutations in the SD‐1 gene in primary tef regenerants, which were inherited in subsequent generations. Phenotypic data generated on T1 and T2 generations revealed that the sd‐1 lines have reduced culm and internode lengths with no reduction in either panicle or peduncle lengths. These characteristics are comparable with rice sd‐1 plants. Measurements of lodging, in greenhouse‐grown plants, showed that sd‐1 lines have significantly higher resistance to lodging at the heading stage compared with the controls. This is the first demonstration of the feasibility of high frequency genetic transformation and CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated genome editing in this highly valuable but neglected crop. The findings reported here highlight the potential of genome editing for the improvement of lodging resistance and other important traits in tef.
Persistent papules and plaques in systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: Tjahjono Leonardo , Czaja Rebecca , Lalor Leah , Hasse‐Rupp Brenda , Wanat Karolyn A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA 6‐year‐old girl presented with nightly fever, persistent joint pain of the knees, ankles, lower back, and hip. Her skin lesions were evanescent salmon‐colored patches along with persistent pruritic light to dark pink papules and plaques on her face, post‐auricular scalp, trunk, thigh, and bilateral upper extremities. Skin biopsy supported the diagnosis of fixed papules and plaques of systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA). We report this case to highlight diagnostic features of this exceedingly rare cutaneous presentation of sJIA presenting with typical cutaneous salmon‐colored evanescent eruptions.
Showrooming, webrooming, and operational strategies for competitiveness
Authors: Jiao Chuanya , Hu Bin 
Published: May 2022

Show/webrooming refers to a consumer inspecting a product at a brick‐and‐mortar (BM)/online retailer before purchasing it from a competing online/BM retailer. Despite retailers adopting price‐matching and free‐shipping policies, show/webrooming remains prevalent. We model different product value information that consumers can learn by visiting a BM retailer and researching an online retailer, and studying consumers' show/webrooming behavior in a unified model. We confirm that consumers can engage in show/webrooming for informational reasons, but webrooming may also be driven by a noninformational reason. We find that show/webrooming may, respectively, benefit BM and online retailers; in particular, there exist win‐win‐win outcomes where both retailers and the consumers benefit from show/webrooming. We propose in‐store research assistance for BM retailers and free sampling for online retailers and show that these operational strategies may improve the retailers' competitiveness in the presence of show/webrooming. Our results are found to be robust in several model extensions.
The potential role of Mucoromycotina ‘fine root endophytes’ in plant nitrogen nutrition
Authors: Howard Nathan , Pressel Silvia , Kaye Ryan S. , Daniell Tim J. , Field Katie J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMycorrhizal associations between fungi and plant roots have globally significant impacts on nutrient cycling. Mucoromycotina ‘fine root endophytes’ (MFRE) are a distinct and recently characterised group of mycorrhiza‐forming fungi that associate with the roots of a range of host plant species. Given their previous misidentification and assignment as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) of the Glomeromycotina, it is now important to untangle the specific form and function of MFRE symbioses. In particular, relatively little is known about the nature of MFRE colonisation and its role in N uptake and transfer to host plants. Even less is known about the mechanisms by which MFRE access and assimilate N, and how this N is processed and subsequently exchanged with host plants for photosynthates. Here, we summarise and contrast the structures formed by MFRE and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in host plants as well as compare the N source preference of each mycorrhizal fungal group with what is currently known for MFRE N uptake. We compare the mechanisms of N assimilation and transfer to host plants utilised by the main groups of mycorrhizal fungi and hypothesise potential mechanisms for MFRE N assimilation and transfer, outlining directions for future research.
Deflationism, truth, and desire
Authors: Asay Jamin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDeflationists about truth generally regard the contribution that “true” makes to utterances to be purely logical or expressive: it exists to facilitate communication, and remedy our expressive deficiencies that are due to ignorance or finitude. This paper presents a challenge to that view by considering alethic desires. Alethic desires are desires for one's beliefs to be true. Such desires, I argue, do not admit of any deflationarily acceptable analysis, and so challenge the deflationist's austere view about the semantic role of “true”. I consider a number of deflationist proposals for analyzing alethic desires, and find them all problematic.
The replacement of fresh egg yolk by lyophilized egg yolk in Tris‐base extender in cryopreserved Boer and Saanen semen
Authors: Intawicha Payungsuk , Moonmanee Tossapol , Saengwong Sureeporn , Lumsangkul Chompunut , Liao Yu‐Jing , Inyawilert Wilasinee 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEgg yolk is a common cryoprotectant that can be used as a semen extender to protect the spermatozoa from damage during cryopreservation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of fresh and lyophilized egg yolk, as a Tris‐base extender, on the quality of cryopreserved goat semen. Semen from 10 rams of two different breeds (Boer and Saanen) was collected using an artificial vagina. Each ejaculate sample was divided into four equal aliquots, which contained 20% of the fresh egg yolk (a control group), and then 10%, 15%, and 20% of the lyophilized egg yolk as a Tris‐base extender. Sperm motility and kinetic parameters were determined using a computer‐assisted semen analyser. The results showed that the addition of 20% of the fresh egg yolk in Tris‐base extender exhibited significantly higher progressive motility, progressive fast motility, distance curve line, and beat‐cross frequency parameters in the post‐thaw Boer and Saanen goat sperm when compared with the addition of 10%, 15%, and 20% of the lyophilized egg yolk. The percentage of total motility and immotile parameters in the post‐thaw Boer and Saanen goat sperm were not significantly different between the control and 10%, 15% as well as 20% of the lyophilized egg yolk groups. Moreover, the percentage of viability parameter in the Boer and Saanen goat sperm was not significantly different between the control and 10% of the lyophilized egg yolk group but showed significant difference between the control group and 15% and 20% of the lyophilized egg yolk groups. Furthermore, the interaction between the two breeds was significantly different in terms of head activity and straightness parameter. In conclusion, the treatment with 20% of fresh egg yolk in Tris‐base extender is superior to the lyophilized egg yolk. However, an addition of 10% of the lyophilized egg yolk in Tris‐base extender presented the percentage of total motility and viability parameters showing no difference with 20% of fresh egg yolk. Therefore, 10% of the lyophilized egg yolk in Tris‐base extender provided detail of the lyophilized egg yolk protocol in cryopreserved goat semen as an example of an alternative extender to 20% of fresh egg yolk for situations where an animal's origin represents a microbiological risk.
Apple SINA E3 ligase MdSINA3 negatively mediates JA‐triggered leaf senescence by ubiquitinating and degrading the MdBBX37 protein
Authors: An Jian‐Ping , Zhang Chun‐Ling , Li Hong‐Liang , Wang Gui‐Luan , You Chun‐Xiang 
Published: May 2022

SUMMARYJasmonic acid (JA) induces chlorophyll degradation and leaf senescence. B‐box (BBX) proteins play important roles in the modulation of leaf senescence, but the molecular mechanism of BBX protein‐mediated leaf senescence remains to be further studied. Here, we identified the BBX protein MdBBX37 as a positive regulator of JA‐induced leaf senescence in Malus domestica (apple). Further studies showed that MdBBX37 interacted with the senescence regulatory protein MdbHLH93 to enhance its transcriptional activation on the senescence‐associated gene MdSAG18, thereby promoting leaf senescence. Moreover, the JA signaling repressor MdJAZ2 interacted with MdBBX37 and interfered with the interaction between MdBBX37 and MdbHLH93, thereby negatively mediating MdBBX37‐promoted leaf senescence. In addition, the E3 ubiquitin ligase MdSINA3 delayed MdBBX37‐promoted leaf senescence through targeting MdBBX37 for degradation. The MdJAZ2‐MdBBX37‐MdbHLH93‐MdSAG18 and MdSINA3‐MdBBX37 modules realized the precise modulation of JA on leaf senescence. In parallel, our data demonstrate that MdBBX37 was involved in abscisic acid (ABA)‐ and ethylene‐mediated leaf senescence through interacting with the ABA signaling regulatory protein MdABI5 and ethylene signaling regulatory protein MdEIL1, respectively. Taken together, our results not only reveal the role of MdBBX37 as an integration node in JA‐, ABA‐ and ethylene‐mediated leaf senescence, but also provide new insights into the post‐translational modification of BBX proteins.
Coagulation testing in green iguanas (Iguana iguana) with development of prothrombin time assays using reptile and avian thromboplastin
Authors: Sladakovic Izidora , Brainard Benjamin M. , Divers Stephen J. , Brooks Marjory B. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundCaptive reptiles often present with clinical signs suggestive of a clotting disorder or severe illness that can induce or exacerbate a coagulopathy. However, coagulopathies in reptiles are difficult to characterize due to lack of species‐appropriate reagents to perform coagulation tests. The objective of this study was to develop screening tests to evaluate the extrinsic and common pathways of coagulation in green iguanas (Iguana iguana).Key FindingsReptile and avian thromboplastin, extracted from reptile and avian brains, respectively, were used to initiate coagulation in prothrombin time (PT) assays and commercially available reagents were used to determine Russell's viper venom time, thrombin time, and fibrinogen using the Clauss method. Coagulation assays were performed on citrate‐anticoagulated plasma from 18 healthy green iguanas. Results were summarized as median (minimum–maximum): PT (reptile thromboplastin), 34.8 seconds (27.1–42.1 s), PT (avian thromboplastin), 78.5 seconds (51.6–114.23 s), Russell's viper venom time, 56.15 seconds (18.4–79.7 s), thrombin time, 10 seconds (7.0–36.5 s), and fibrinogen, 258 mg/dl (89–563.0) (2.58 [0.89–5.63 g/L]).SignificanceCommercial reagents can be used to evaluate the common pathway and fibrinogen; however, avian‐ or reptile‐sourced thromboplastin is preferred for a reliable coagulation trigger to perform the PT assay and evaluate the extrinsic pathway.
Purification of polluted surface water by sponge moving bed membrane bioreactor with short hydraulic retention time operation
Authors: Sang Davin , Chiemchaisri Chart , Chiemchaisri Wilai 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA sponge moving bed membrane bioreactor (SMB‐MBR) was developed for high‐rate biological purification of polluted surface water for nonpotable utilization purposes. The SMB‐MBR contains polyurethane sponge cubes (10% v/v) and submerged hollow fibre membranes in a solid separation compartment and operated under a short hydraulic retention time of 1 h. High organic (96% biochemical oxygen demand [BOD], 85% soluble chemical oxygen demand [COD] and 84% COD) and nitrogen (99% ammonium nitrogen [NH4+], 98% total Kjeldahl nitrogen [TKN] and 87% total nitrogen [TN]) removals were achieved. In the SMB‐MBR, the suspended and attached biomass were allowed to develop under no sludge wastage operation. The co‐existence of heterotrophs, nitrifiers and denitrifiers in the biomass was confirmed under a high oxygen environment. Sustainable operation of SMB‐MBR could be achieved by maintaining stable membrane flux without chemical cleaning for 60 days. This research demonstrates the technical feasibility of applying the SMB‐MBR for clean water production when the polluted surface is the only raw water source.