bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cloning, Characterization, and Heterologous Expression of a Candidate Hirudin Gene from the Salivary Gland Transcriptome of Hirudo nipponia
Authors: Shi Ping , Wei Jian , You Huajian , Chen Shijiang , Tan Fayin , Lu Zenghui 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Gene cloning and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) were used to determine the full-length cDNA sequence of a previously reported candidate hirudin gene (c16237_g1) in the salivary gland transcriptome of Hirudo nipponia Whitman. The 489-bp cDNA sequence (GenBank accession number: MN 116511) was predicted to encode an 83-aa polypeptide (including a 20-aa signal peptide sequence) and to possess several properties of the hirudin “core” motifs associated with binding to the thrombin catalytic pocket—including CLC and a GSNV region conservatively replaced by the chemically similar NSNL in H. nipponia. All six cysteine residues, presumably involved in three disulfide bonds, were also evolutionarily conserved. The putative protein’s aa sequence showed 62% (E-value = 2e-13), 54% (E-value = 6e-14), and 53% (E-value = 5e-13) similarity to HV3 (PA) (ALA22935.1), HV1 (VV) (ALA22934.1), and HV2 (ALA14576.1) sequences of H. medicinalis Linnaeus, respectively. A fusion expression vector (pPIC9K-Hirudin) was constructed to successfully produce GS115 transformants (GS115/pPIC9K-Hirudin). This confirmed candidate protein expression under inductive conditions, with antithrombin activity of 800 ATU/mL. These findings provide a basis for further elucidating the molecular anticoagulation mechanism of hirudin, helping fill China’s current commercial gap for engineered H. nipponia hirudin and meeting the considerable demand for hirudin-based clinical drugs, including products that target important cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
Kinetic of peroxide index variation and shelf life of mayonnaise with microencapsulated oregano essential oil
Authors: Rojas-Molina Jaime O. , García Mario A. , Pino Jorge A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

This work aimed to evaluate the influence of the addition of microencapsulated oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) essential oil as a natural antioxidant in the stability of mayonnaise. Three formulations were developed with microencapsulated oregano essential oil at different concentrations (0.0, 0.26, and 0.44%). Mayonnaises were packed and stored at 35, 45, and 55 ºC until their deterioration. During the accelerated storage, the titratable acidity and peroxide index were determined. The peroxide index was subjected to linear regression analysis as a function of time. The parameters of the Arrhenius model (k and Ea) for the variation of the peroxide index and the temperature acceleration factor (Q10) were also determined. Some physical and chemical indicators were determined for the mayonnaise selected according to its greater stability during the accelerated storage. Mayonnaise with 0.44% microencapsulated oregano essential oil presented the highest stability during accelerated storage in terms of delaying the increase in the peroxide index, as an indicator of the deterioration of this type of product. The addition of the microencapsulated essential oil did not affect (p > 0.05) the sensory attributes of the product, although the judges reported its influence on the typical odor and flavor, compared to the control mayonnaise. The variation of the peroxide index during the accelerated storage was adjusted, in all cases, to a zero-order reaction. Linear models were obtained to estimate the shelf life of mayonnaise for each treatment.
ANALISIS TINGKAT KESEIMBANGAN (EKUALISASI) PPh PASAL 21 DENGAN BIAYA GAJI PADA SPT TAHUNAN BADAN PT. X
Authors: Pratiwi Amelia Ika , Pratama Muhammad Rizky Andhika 
Published: August 2022

<p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencapai ekualisasi PPh Pasal 21 dengan pengakuan biaya gaji yang dilaporkan pada SPT Tahunan Badannya, Penelitian ini dilakukan karena diterimanya SP2DK oleh PT. X yang menjelaskan adanya perbedaan biaya gaji dalam SPT Masa PPh Pasal 21 nya dengan biaya gaji yang dilaporkan dalam SPT Tahunan Badan yang dilaporkan oleh perusahaan. Kurangnya pengawasan perusahaan dapat menimbulkan perbedaan pelaporan tersebut, selain karena kurangnya pengawasan, hal ini juga terjadi karena kurangnya pengetahuan PT. X khusunya perpajakan, akhirnya perbedaan biaya gaji pada SPT Masa PPh Pasal 21 dan biaya gaji pada SPT Tahunan Badan tahun 2017 inilah yang dijadikan sebagai objek penelitian oleh penulis, penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan teknik analisis kuantitatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah : untuk mencapai kesimbangan antara PPh Pasal 21 dengan biaya gaji pada SPT Tahunan Badan, hal ini disebabkan karena adanya SPT Masa bulan Desember 2017 yang tidak dilaporkan tetapi sudah dibayar. Besarnya Biaya gaji yang sudah dibayarkan sebesar Rp 3.209.863.582,91, sedangkan pada SPT Tahunan Badannya hanya dilaporkan sebesar Rp.2.966.623.854,44, sehingga perbedaan ini perlu diekualisasi oleh PT. X sebesar Rp 243.239.728,48.<br /><br /></p><p> </p>
Internalisasi Nilai Religiusitas bagi Anak Dengan Hambatan Pendengaran (Studi Kasus di Pondok Pesantren Khusus Tunarungu Darul Ashom Yogyakarta)
Authors: Pamungkas Bayu , Susilawati Sinta Yuni 
Published: August 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan upaya internalisasi nilai religiusitas bagi anak dengan hambatan pendengaran yang dilaksanakan di Pondok Pesantren Khusus Tunarungu Darul Ashom Yogyakarta. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian kualitatif dengan observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi sebagai teknik pengumpulan data. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penanaman nilai religiusitas bagi anak dengan hambatan pendengaran yang dilaksanakan di Pondok Pesantren Khusus Tunarungu Darul Ashom menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 5 dimensi religiusitas yang dapat teraktualisasi dari diri anak anak dengan hambatan pendengaran yang belajar di pondok pesantren khusus tunarungu Darul Ashom.
The Characteristics of Student SARS-CoV-2 Cases on an Urban University Campus: Observational Study
Authors: Landry Megan , Vyas Amita , Nagaraj Nitasha , Sardon Jr Gary A , Bornstein Sydney , Latif Hannah , Kucherlapaty Padmini , McDonnell Karen , Castel Amanda , Goldman Lynn 
Published: August 2022

Background
Academic institutions are central hubs for young adults, laden with academic and social interactions and communal living arrangements, heightening the risk of transmission of many communicable diseases, including COVID-19. Shortly after the start of the fall 2020 academic year, institutions of higher learning were identified as hot spots for rises in COVID-19 incidence among young adults.

Objective
This study aims to identify the characteristics of student SARS-CoV-2 cases, identify the extent to which the student population adhered to preventative strategies, and examine behaviors that would put them at higher risk of contracting or spreading COVID-19.

Methods
This observational study comprises 1175 university students at The George Washington University in Washington, DC, with a confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis between August 3, 2020, and November 30, 2021. Case investigation and contact tracing tools were developed by the Campus COVID-19 Support Team and captured in REDCap (Research Electronic Data Capture). Trained case investigators were notified of a case and attempted to contact all cases within 24 hours of the case receiving their lab result. Associations between case characteristics and number of contacts were examined using Wilcoxon rank sum tests. Knowledge of exposure, behaviors since exposure, student residence status, and fraternity and sorority life affiliation were examined using chi-square tests.

Results
Positive student cases reported a median of 3 close contacts, and 84.6% (993/1175) reported at least one symptom with a median of 4 COVID-19 symptoms. Congestion (628/1175, 53.4%), cough (530/1175, 45.1%), and headache (484/1175, 41.2%) were the most frequently reported symptoms. Moreover, 36% (415/1160) reported that they did not know how they were exposed to the virus. Among those aware of contact with a COVID-19 confirmed case, 55.1% (109/198) reported the contact was a close friend or family member, and 25.3% (50/198) reported that it was someone with whom they lived. Athlete (vs nonathlete; P<.001), on-campus (vs off-campus; P<.001), and undergraduate (vs graduate; P=.01) students all reported a significantly higher number of contacts. Students living on campus were more likely to report attending campus events in the 2 days prior to symptom onset or positive test result (P=.004). Students with fraternity or sorority affiliation were more likely to report attending campus events in the 2 days prior to symptom onset or positive test result (P<.001).

Conclusions
COVID-19 cases have not yet stabilized to a predictable state, but this study provides case characteristics and insights for how academic institutions might prepare to mitigate outbreaks on their campuses as the world plans for the transition from pandemic to endemic COVID-19.
Municipal Net Revenue, Economic Activity, and the Cost of Borrowing
Authors: Hickey Anna W. , Dorminey Jack W. 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
We investigate the effects of state economic activity on the association of changes in the general fund (i.e., net revenue) and borrowing cost. Extant literature has established that net revenue is associated with municipal bond market metrics (e.g., true interest cost, bond yield spreads). Little is known, however, regarding the relationship between net revenue and borrowing cost when state economic activity is considered. Based on a sample of 1,970 general obligations bonds issued across 20 years by U.S. counties, we test whether the association between net revenue and borrowing cost is conditioned on state economic activity. We provide evidence that a state's economic activity moderates the association between net revenue and borrowing cost among county governments.
Data Availability: All data in this article are available from public sources.
JEL Classifications: G01; G12; H72.
Foliar application of potassium silicate, potassium fulvate and betaine improve summer-time tomato yield by promoting plant nitrogen and potassium uptake
Authors: Xu Xiangnan , Lei Xihong , Liao Shangqiang , Li Yanmei , Sun Yanxin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
During the summer months, greenhouse tomato production is challenged by the heat, causing yield reduction; therefore, we conducted a study to test the effectiveness of different foliar spray compositions for the improvement of Lycopersicon esculentum var. cerasiforme ‘Qianxi’ nutrition uptake and fruit yield. Two forms of silicon, two kinds of organic nitrogenous compounds and water as the control factor were two-two paired to become nine different recipes, which were as follows: CK (H2O), ISi (K2SiO3), organic silicon (OSi), potassium fulvate (BSFA), BSFA + ISi, BSFA + OSi, betaine (GB), GB + ISi and GB + OSi. The plants were sprayed three times during the period of the first, second and third truss fruit expansions with a 2-week interval. As a result, BSFA or K2SiO3 generated higher yield in plants compared with the other compositions. Also, K2SiO3 significantly enhanced the total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium accumulation in fruit and the whole plant. Comparing across the nine recipes, BSFA + ISi, ISi and GB had improved the fruit yield by 17%, 12.7% and 9.5%, performing the best. BSFA + ISi, ISi and GB also improved the plant nitrogen uptake by 8.2%, 18.8% and 9.8%, as well as the potassium uptake by 16.2%, 12.3% and 15.2%, compared with CK, respectively. Thus, K2SiO3, BSFA and GB stimulated the plant nitrogen and potassium uptake, which improved the marketable yield.
Constructing Calculus Concepts through Worksheet Based Problem-Based Learning Assisted by GeoGebra Software
Authors: Yerizon . , Arnawa I Made , Fitriani Nisa , Tajudin Nor’ain Mohd 
Published: August 2022

This study aims to produce a valid, practical, and effective calculus learning worksheet using a problem-based learning method assisted by GeoGebra software in improving problem-solving skills. This worksheet serves as a guide to students in constructing the calculus concepts through the provided instructions according to the Problem-Based Learning syntax. Furthermore, the construction process was carried out using GeoGebra software. Students are given scaffolding to construct concepts. This research is development research. This study employs a Plomp model, which consists of three stages, namely the preliminary study, development or prototyping, and assessment phases. The subjects are 32 students in class XI.2 at the State Senior High School of 14 Padang. The results showed that the worksheet produced was valid, practical, and effective in improving students' problem-solving abilities. This implies that it would assist students in constructing calculus concepts. Furthermore, it showed that GeoGebra is capable of visualizing abstract calculus concepts, which enables students to understand higher mathematical thinking on the main concept of calculus. In conclusion, the use of GeoGebra in mathematics learning is able to help students construct mathematical concepts and improve their problem-solving abilities. Doi: 10.28991/HIJ-2022-03-03-04 Full Text: PDF
PENGARUH KETIMPANGAN PENDAPATAN, INVESTASI DAN PENGANGGURAN TERHADAP PDRB DI PROVINSI SUMATERA UTARA TAHUN 2005-2020
Authors: Abubakar Jariah , Khairani Fuji , Safwadi Irwan 
Published: August 2022

This study examined the effect of inequality on income, investment, and unemployment in North Sumatra Province. This study used secondary data from 2005 to 2020. The data analysis method used was a Multiple Linear Regression with the help of the Eviews 10 program. The results partially indicated that income inequality positively and insignificantly influenced gross regional domestic products in North Sumatra Province, Investment positively and significantly influenced gross regional domestic products in North Sumatra Province. Unemployment negatively and insignificantly influenced gross regional domestic products in North Sumatra Province. Simultaneously, income inequality, investment, and unemployment positively and significantly influenced gross regional domestic products in North Sumatra Province. The magnitude of the effect of Inequality of Investment and Unemployment on Gross Regional Domestic Products in North Sumatra Province was 72.19%, while that of other variables in this model was 27.81%. The government should overcome unemployment to reduce income inequality, mobilize economic sectors and expand investment to increase Gross Regional Domestic Products in North Sumatra Province.
कुसि निबन्धय् प्रगतिवाद
Authors: सिं Sing लसता Lasata 
Published: August 2022

साहित्यया प्यंगू विधा कविता, आख्यान, नाटक व निबन्ध मध्ये छगू न्हूगु उत्कृष्ट गद्य साहित्य विधा निबन्ध खः । १६औं शताब्दी फ्रान्सं शुरु जूगु निबन्ध विधा नेपालभाषा साहित्य खेलय्‌ झण्डै सोसःत्या दँ लिपातिनि खनेदत । थोहे झ्वलय्‌ आधुनिक निबन्धकारया रूपय्‌ खनेदुम्ह छम्ह निबन्धकार पद्मरत्न तुलाधर खः । पद्मरत्न तुलाधरया निबन्ध नेपालभाषा साहित्य खेलय्‌ सफल निबन्ध कथं दुथ्यागु दु । पद्मरत्नया बुलुमि निबन्ध पुचः(नेसं १०८३), बाथरुम मेमेगु निबन्ध (नेसं ११३२) व लुमं लुमं न्ह्याइपुसे च्वं ! (नेसं ११३५) यानाः सोंगू निबन्ध संग्रह पिदंगु दु । थुगु चोसुइ बुलुमि निबन्ध संग्रहय्‌ दुथ्याःगु झिपु निबन्धमध्ये कुसि निबन्धयात जक दुवालाः कुसि निबन्धयात प्रगतिवादी सिद्घान्तया आधारय्‌ विश्लेषण जूगु दु । अथे हे प्रगतिवाद सिद्धान्तयात छेलाः निबन्धय्‌ दुथ्याःगु मूल्य मान्यता, बिचा:, चिन्तनया विश्लेषण जूगू दु । चोसुया लागि प्राथमिक जोलंकथं बुलुमि निबन्ध संग्रहयात नालातःगु दुसा द्वितीयक स्रोतकथं पद्मरत्न तुलाधर व वय्‌कःया विषयवस्तुलिसे स्वापू दुगु प्रकाशित थीथी सफू व लेख रचनात संकलन यानाः अध्ययन जूगु दु ।
Failure Analysis on Soldered Ball Grid Arrays: Part I
Authors: Vogel Gert 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This article is the first in a two-part series analyzing solder connection failures between BGA packages and PCB assemblies. Part I examines failures attributed to oxygen intrusion during reflow, underetched solder resist, and solder paste printing problems. In the latter case, X-ray inspection revealed no abnormalities other than a variation in ball size. To get to the root cause, the corpus of the BGA was progressively ground away, leaving only the balls and an unobstructed view of the PCB surface. A description of the process, supported by detailed images, is included in the article. In Part II, scheduled for the May 2017 issue of EDFA, the author delves deeper into the analysis of voids and presents an alternate FA approach that involves grinding away much of the PCB.
Advantages and Challenges of 3-D Atom Probe Tomography Characterization of FinFETs
Authors: Martin Andrew J. , Kambham Ajay Kumar , Katnani Ahmad D. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This article provides an overview of atom probe tomography (APT) and its use in semiconductor FA and new product development. It discusses the basic components in an atom probe, the making of APT tips, and the general approach for data collection and reconstruction. It also includes a case study in which 3D atom probe techniques are used to map dopant profiles and identify defects in the source-drain region of SiGe FinFET transistors.
Recent Innovations in Ex Situ Lift Out Applications and Techniques
Authors: Giannuzzi Lucille A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Ex-situ lift out (EXLO) techniques rely on van der Waals forces to transfer FIB milled specimens to various types of carriers using a glass probe micromanipulator. This article describes some of the latest EXLO techniques for site specific scanning transmission electron microscopy, including the use slotted half-grids and vacuum-assisted lift out for plan-view analysis.
Semiconductor Yield Modeling: A Primer
Authors: Hopkins John 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The ratio of good to bad die on a production wafer can range from less than 10% to well over 90%, depending on the process and the complexity of the design. This article provides an overview of the modeling approaches used to predict wafer yield. It explains how to account for relative circuit complexity, systematic and random defects, and defect clustering. As the examples in the article show, with just a basic understanding of yield models, readers can estimate expected yield losses and identify abnormal yield results for a given design.
Failure Risk Assessment of Laser Diode Stacks for a Martian Application
Authors: Thin Guillaume , Bourcier Frédéric , Moisan Hervé 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This article describes the qualification process for a 1.8 kW laser diode stack designed for the Mars Curiosity rover. The seven-bar stack serves as the optical pump in a boom-mounted spectroscope attached to the front of the rover. Each laser bar is made of 62 single emitters and generates 260 W of instantaneous optical power. A detailed design analysis of the diode stack is presented along with the results of overstress testing and failure analysis.
Large Area Automated Deprocessing of Integrated Circuits: Present and Future
Authors: Principe E.I. , Russell Z.E. , DiDona S.T. , Therezien M. , Kempshall B.W. , Scammon K.E. , Hagen J.J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This article discusses the current state of large area integrated circuit deprocessing, the latest achievements in the development of automated deprocessing equipment, and the potential impact of advancements in gas-assisted etching, ion source alternatives, compact spectroscopy, and high-speed lasers.
Post-FIB Cleaning of TEM Specimens from 14 nm and Other FinFETs by Concentrated Argon Ion Milling
Authors: Bonifacio Cecile , Campin Michael , McIlwrath Kevin , Fischione Paul 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
TEM specimens prepared using a Ga FIB are susceptible to artifacts, such as surface amorphization and ion-implanted layers, that can be problematic in advanced technology nodes, particularly for FinFETs. As this article shows, however, post-FIB cleaning via concentrated argon ion milling makes for a fast and effective specimen preparation process for FinFET devices controlled to a thickness of less than 20 nm. Although the results presented here are based on 14 nm node FinFETs, the method is also applicable to the 10 and 7 nm FinFET technologies currently in production.
Computational Failure Analysis of Resistive RAM Used as a Synapse in a Convolutional Neural Network for Image Classification
Authors: Lakshmana Prabhu Nagaraj , Raghavan Nagarajan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Various NVM technologies are being explored for neuromorphic system realization, including resistive RAM, ferroelectric RAM, phase change RAM, spin transfer torque RAM, and NAND flash. This article discusses the potential of RRAM for such applications and evaluates key performance and reliability metrics in the context of neural network image classification. The authors conclude that the accuracy-power tradeoff may be further improved using alternative material stacks and multi-layer dielectrics so as to achieve better control of the oxygen vacancy or metallic filamentation process that governs RRAM switching characteristics.
Security Assessment of IC Packaging Against Optical Attacks
Authors: Xi Chengjie , Khan Aslam A. , Tanjidur Rahman M. , Asadizanjani Navid 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The inverted orientation of a flip-chip packaged die makes it vulnerable to optical attacks from the backside. This article discusses the nature of that vulnerability, assesses the threats posed by optical inspection tools and techniques, and provides insights on effective countermeasures.
EDFAS User Groups Series 2021 Highlights
Authors: Gandhi Tejinder , Madan Anita , Kolasa Ted 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This article provides a recap and summaries of the EDFAS Virtual User Group Workshop held in January 2021. The summaries cover key participants, presentation topics, and discussion highlights from the Focused Ion Beam, Sample Preparation, Contactless Probing and Nanoprobing, and System on Package virtual group meetings.
Triboelectric Charging Damage in Silicon-on-Insulator Devices
Authors: Tangyunyong Paiboon 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Integrated circuits are subjected to various forms of friction during fabrication and packaging, creating potential problems due to the buildup of charge. This article looks at the distinct characteristics of triboelectric charging damage on silicon-on-insulator devices at the wafer and package level. Telltale signs of this type of damage include spatial dependency, distinct TIVA-signal patterns, and bimodal static current distributions with significant changes after burn-in.