bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of vitamin D supplementation on red cell indices and cytokines in patients with thalassemia: An open-label randomized clinical trial
Authors: HamaSalih Raz Muhammed , Al-Nimer Marwan S.M. 
Published: April 2022

Background and aim
Deficiency of vitamin D is known as a health problem all over the world and a recognized clinical complication of beta thalassemia patients. Vitamin D acts as a hormone at the nuclear receptor rendering it a beneficial medication for a number of diseases. It is believed that vitamin D

is important in the modulation of the inflammation system by regulating the formation of inflammatory cytokines and immune cells. This study aimed to investigate the effect of vitamin D supplementation on the red cell indices and cytokines levels in patients with beta thalassemia major, in an open label randomized clinical trial.
Patients and Methods: this study performed an open-label randomized clinical trial in patients with beta thalassemia major. Forty-six patients completed the eight weeks clinical trial and were allocated to administer oral vitamin D3 supplement of 100,000 IU every two weeks as an add-on treatment. During the study, hematological indices, serum iron, ferritin, vitamin D, calcium and inflammatory markers (interleukin-6, interleukin-2 and interleukin-10) were evaluated before (at baseline) and after vitamin D supplementation for 8 weeks.
Results: Vitamin D3 supplements significantly decreases interleukin-6 levels and elevates the serum levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-2 and IL-10, it also significantly reduced serum ferritin level, but it did not alter the hematological indices.
Conclusion:
Our results suggest that administration of vitamin D has a potential anti-inflammatory role in beta thalassemia patients and reduces serum ferritin levels, which may reduce the burdens of iron overload in thalassemia patients.
An Overview on the Recent Technologies and Advances in Drug Delivery of Poorly Water-Soluble Drugs
Authors: Dakhil Ibtihal Abdul kadhim , Mahdi Zainab H. 
Published: April 2022

Solubility can be defined as the amount of solute dissolved in a solvent at certain conditions to yield a single-phase system. Solubility of active pharmaceutical ingredients is considered the main parameter to get the most desired drug concentration in general circulation
in order to achieve the desired therapeutic effect. Poor aqueous solubility considered the main problem occurs in the formulation progress of new chemical entities; in addition to the standard improvement; solubility is the main dispute for formulation scientists. The drug must appear as solution at the site of absorption in order to be absorbed. Many physical or chemical modification techniques are used to improve the solubility of low aqueous soluble drugs, in addition to other techniques such as particle size reduction, crystal engineering, salt formation, solid dispersion, use of surfactant and complexation. The selection of the solubility improvement methods depends on drug characteristics, location of absorption and the features of the administered dosage form.
Effect the Pharmaceutical Care and Health Education on Knowledge and Disease Control for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A sample of Iraqi Patients
Authors: Hussein Al Hussein Safaa , Kadhim Kadhim Ali , Fadil Sabah Mousa 
Published: April 2022

Objective: To study the effect of Pharmaceutical Care (PC) program and health education delivered by pharmacist on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patient’s knowledge about diabetes, glycemic control, blood pressure and Body Mass Index (BMI).
Patients and methods: A prospective interventional study including T2DM patients with poor glycemic control, i.e. glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) more than 7%. Patients receiving PC and education about T2DM and cardiovascular disease by the researcher pharmacist. Patients were followed for 26 weeks. The study parameters included HbA1c, Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS), Systolic Blood pressure (SBP), Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP), BMI and Diabetes Knowledge Questionnaire (DKQ-24).
Results: Thirty-eight T2DM patients were included in the study. Thirty-two completed the program. A significant decrease in the HbA1c and FBS at the end line measurements (from 9.1% to 7.4%, P-value = 0.001) and (from 187.4 to 135.3, P-value = 0.001) respectively. A significant decrease occurred in both SBP and DBP (from 129.8 to 125.2, P-value = 0.009) and (from 82.0 to 77.9, P-value =0.001) respectively. Diabetes knowledge score also showed a significant increase at the end of study (from 52.6 to 63.7, P-value =0.001)
Conclusion: Pharmaceutical care and health education with continuous follow up delivered by the pharmacist even for a relatively short period of time in collaboration with specialist physician, resulted in improved T2DM Knowledge plus better glycemic and blood pressure control.
Treatment Trends of Myocarditis with Coxsackievirus B3 infection
Authors: Hanna Dalya Basil , Jasim Ghaith Ali , Abdullah Al-Shuwaikh Arwa Mujahid 
Published: April 2022

Viral myocarditis occurred after viral invasion of the cardiocytes and followed by the releasing of viral particles and inflammatory cells. Acute viral myocarditis is relatively common phase of the disease cured spontaneously in some cases or leading to sever acute heart failure and cardiac damage ended with chronic heart failure with increased mortality rate. The fully understand mechanism of viral myocarditis is unclear but some hypothesis trying to illustrate the events of the disease.
Regardless of etiological cause, myocarditis is treated depending on disease phase and by following the instructions of Heart Failure Society of America guideline.
This article provides the basic knowledge available in literatures to review some important informations of viral myocarditis, with a special focusing on viral myocarditis caused by coxsackievirus B3 infection.
Highlight on lipids and its use for covalent and non-covalent conjugations
Authors: Abdullah Q. Khudhur  , Nidhal K. Maraie  , Ayad M.R. Raauf  
Published: April 2022

Lipids are organic fatty or waxy compounds which are used to make nanocarriers that are promising for drug delivery. When lipids associated covalently (lipid-drug conjugate LDC) or non- covalently (drug-lipid complex) to drugs to form Lipid Drug Conjugates (LDC). Most common types of lipids

used for drug conjugation are fatty acids, glycerides, steroids, and phospholipids. Conjugation with lipids may change the properties of the drug and significantly increase the drug lipophilicity. Lipid-drug conjugation could improve the delivery of drugs by the lymphatic system, enhance bioavailability of oral administered drugs, improve drug targeting in tumor diseases, enhance the loading of drugs into some delivery carriers, increase drug stability, and many others. Lipid-drug conjugates can be prepared through different strategies for conjugation and by chemical linkers depending on the chemical structure of both drugs and lipids, careful selection of lipids and drug are necessary in designing the lipid-drug conjugate to achieve maximum benefits.
In Silico Design and Molecular Docking Studies of Carbapenem Analogues Targeting Acinetobacter baumannii PBP1A Receptor
Authors: Twana Salih  , Hawzhin A. Salih  
Published: April 2022

Carbapenems are considered as the most effective antibiotic against Acinetobacter baumannii infections, as the pathogen has a resistance to the most of the other beta-lactam antibiotics; however, recent studies proved that this pathogen has developed
resistance to carbapenems, as well. Therefore, development of novel therapeutics targeting A. baumannii resistant strains is an urgent global requirement. One of the causes responsible for this bacterial resistance against beta-lactam antibiotics is the decreased strength of interactions between A. baumannii Penicillin-Binding Proteins 1A (PBP1A) and carbapenems. Therefore, the aim of this study is to design a novel analogue of imipenem with significantly higher binding affinity and improved drug-likeness properties to overcome resistance of the pathogen and optimize bioavailability, respectively. De novo drug design was performed using virtual screening to predict the ligand(s) with the highest binding affinity. The two-dimensional and three-dimensional structure of the designed molecules were sketched using Chemdraw professional and MarvinSketch, respectively. After separating the targeted protein from A. baumannii PBP1A-imipenem complex structure (3UDX) and retaining a monomer (chain A) from a dimer of the protein structure using Text Editor (ConTEXT v0.98.6), docking was achieved using virtual screening AutoDock Vina program. Finally, drug-likeness properties were assessed. The results could find the selected compounds with significantly higher binding affinity and improved physicochemical properties compared with imipenem.
Two-intervention social distancing strategy to control COVID-19 in Mosul city; A Comparative study
Authors: Muhammad A. Ahmed  , Zena N. Al Jalelli  , Muataz A. Alani  , Firas I. Mostafa  , Aws A. Al-Hamdani  , Rowa fawaz  , Saraa M. Ghanim  , Zahraa A. Al-Kataan  
Published: April 2022

Background: Novel coronavirus what known now as COVID-19 pandemic represents worldwide health problem. It presented as an upper respiratory infection, acute respiratory distress syndrome, micro thrombosis, sepsis, septic shock, and multi-organ failure and death. Early recognition of suspected cases allows health staff and local gover-

Nment the sufficient time to initiate the appropriate international and national protocols to control the transmission of infection.
Aim: Evaluate the effectiveness of two- intervention social distancing strategy that was applied to control COVID-19 in Mosul city.
Method: Using mathematical simulation model for COVID-19 spread implemented in Santa Clara City in US to estimate the expected burden of the pandemic in Mosul City. This model give a numerical data about the number of the infected cases and time interval of applying the appropriate intervention control strategies by comparing single-strategy (social distancing) to two-intervention strategy (social distancing & light switch approach).
Results: The two interventions strategy shows that on average, the baseline epidemic scenario affected 12.3% of the population in comparison to 11.6% with single-strategy at 70% contact rate. While at the rate of 20% of social contact, only 0.11 % of the population will be infected in the two-intervention strategy in comparison to 0.165% when the single strategy applied. This means a significant reduction in the spread of the infection and the peak time incidence in all hypotheses will be significantly delayed.
Conclusion: The two- intervention social distancing strategy is an efficient tool to control COVID-19 in Mosul city and this represents a big success for Crisis Cell in controlling the pandemic in Mosul city.
Efficacy of gel electrophoresis for proteins and biotechnological products –an overview.
Authors: Ammar Q. Muhammed  , Nidhal K. Maraie  , Basma T. Al-Sudani  
Published: April 2022

Nucleic acids or proteins electrophoresed within a matrix or gel that immersed in a buffer provides ions needed to carry a current and for pH maintenance at a relatively constant value. Sodium dodecyl sulphate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis

(SDS-PAGE) utilizes SDS as an anionic detergent that causes protein denaturation that linearized protein molecules. Each molecule of SDS has the ability to binds to two amino acids. As a result, the ratio of charge to mass becomes constant for all denatured proteins in the mixture. The molecules of protein migrate toward the positive pole and separated in the gel depending only on their molecular weights. The chains of polyacrylamide are cross linked by N, N-methylene bisacrylamide comonomers and ammonium persulfate used as an initiator for polymerization as they act as radical source and N, N, N', N'- tetramethylethylenediamine (TEMED) used to catalyse the polymerization. Electrophoresis of proteins and nucleic acids by using agarose or polyacrylamide gels were illustrated in this review.
GC-MS analysis of Iraqi Silybum marianum Flowers, Leaves and Seeds Extracts
Authors: Rasha Eldalawy  , Wasan Abdul kareem  , Widad M K Al-Ani  
Published: April 2022

Iraqi land is rich with medicinal plants and Iraqi people trust using herbals as treatments since ancient times, one of these important wild medicinal plants is Silybum marianum, which is known as Milk thistle. It has a long history in Greek and Arabian medicine as a liver tonic
which has been confirmed by scientific in vivo/ in vitro study and made the plant in the top of medicine that can regenerate liver tissues and cure various liver diseases. The aim of this study is to investigate the active constituents in the seeds, leaves and the flowers of Iraqi Silybum marianum, identification have been done by GC-MS instrument after the extraction process by hexane then ethanol as a solvent in the Soxhlet apparatus, An important compounds has been detected such as phytosterol, catechin, terpenes, fatty acids, fatty alcohol, and monosaccharide, in different concentration in the parts of the plants.
Synthesis, Antibacterial study and ADME Evaluation of Novel Isonicotinoyl Hydrazide Derivative Containing 1,3,4-Oxadiazole Moiety
Authors: Mazen Mohammed Jwaid  , Karima Fadhil Ali  , Mayada Hadi Abd-alwahab  
Published: April 2022

Novel derivative of isoniazid containing 1,3,4-oxadiazole pharmacophore has been synthesized. The chemical structure of the compound was characterized and confirmed by using FT-IR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy.

The desired compound was tested against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria using agar well-diffusion technique for their ability as antibacterial agent and showed good antibacterial activity against gram-negative bacteria and gram-positive bacteria. In addition, ADME evaluations were performed using Swiss ADME to predict if the synthesized compound can be given orally, the bioavailability, topological polar surface area, and drug-likeness. The result showed that all tested compounds absorbed orally and fulfilled the Lipinski rule.
Extraction and Detection of Some Flavonoids from Tamarix aphylla (F. Tamaricaceae) Grown in Iraq
Authors: Saja Ismaeel  , Huda Jaber Waheed  , Widad Mustafa Kamel  
Published: April 2022

Objective: In the present study, screening for some flavonoids (aglycone and glycoside) in tamarix aphylla by using thin layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromat-ography. Methods: The leaves of

Tamarix.aphylla was extracted by soxhlet with Ethylacetate and then with the ethanol /water 90%. The flavonoids were detected by Analyticl thin layer chromatography using standards and by HPLC. Results:Three flavonoid aglycones were extracted with ethylacetate (Kaempferol .Quercetin , Isorhamnetin) and one flavonoid glycoside (Rutin) was detected in the ethanol /water 90% extract. Conclusion: From this study can be conclude that tamarix aphylla is a promising plant for many flavonoid compounds that have many pharmacological actions
Role of Pharmaceutical Care in Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Kirkuk City
Authors: Hiwa S. Namiq  , Kawa A. Obeid  , Dilan A. Mohammed  
Published: April 2022

Background and objectives. Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder that negatively affects patient’s quality of life and creates a huge burden on both patients and health care system. Effective pharmaceutical intervention could result in a tighter disease control,

reducing long term complications and improving the quality of life.
Methods: In this study, a prospective clinical trial was performed to evaluate the role of pharmaceutical care in reducing complications and in improving the quality of life among patients with T2DM.A total of 189 patients were included and divided into two groups; the first group: consisted of 95 patients, comprised the intervention group who received regular pharmaceutical care on monthly basis. The rest 94 patients were allocated to the non-intervention group who only received usual medical care. Patient selection was carried out according to certain inclusion and exclusion criteria. Two categories of data were recorded from each participant at 6 time points during the study period. The first category was assessment of risk factors of complication such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, uncontrolled hyperglycemia, physical inactivity and smoking. The second category was current status of diet and quality of life.
Results: The number of drug therapy problems non-adherence to medication and HBA1c were significantly reduced and quality of life was significantly improved among intervention group. Other Clinical and blood parameters were not affected.
Conclusion: Pharmacist collaboration with physicians regarding management of type II diabetes patients have yielded a better patient management outcome, reduced risk factors and improved the quality of life in those patients.
The topical application of clofibrate in the treatment of acne vulgaris
Authors: Maiada Al-Mousilly M. 
Published: April 2022

Acne vulgaris is a common skin disease.The therapeutic approach to this disease includes standard topical and systemic agents to newlyintroduced alternative medications.This study suggests a new indication for clofibrate (the lipid lowering agent) & that is to be usedtopically in the treatment of acne vulgaris. The proposed mechanism is by decreasing lipidbiosynthesis which takes place in the sebaceous gland.A total of 60 patients with visible papules and pustules of severe acne were enrolled in this study .Their age range between 13 – 31 years (24 males & 36 females).Healthy age matched controls (30 subjects) without any skin diseases were also participated is thisstudy.Clinical investigations involved disappearance of signs and symptoms of the disease while thebiochemical investigations involved measuring total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, & TG levels, SGOT,SGPT in the sera of all volunteers done before and 10 days after the topical application of clofibrate(500mg once daily).The effectiveness of the topical application of clofibrate was approved in the treatment of acnevulgaris as a new clinical application of this drug and a novel strategy for the treatment of the diseaseas there was significant improvement 75% of the patients & moderate improvement for the rest of thepatients .In comparison with controls, patients with acne had higher total serum cholesterol and LDL levelswith no significant difference in TG, HDL & enzyme levels.
However, after the topical application of clofibrate, total serum cholesterol and LDL levels weredecreased while no significant changes observed in the TG, HDL, GOPT, GPT serum levels.The results revealed that circulating lipid were slightly higher in patients with acne than controlsubjects but declined after treatment. Healing was accompanied with improvement in the symptoms ofthe disease. This might suggest that the lipid profile is one of the contributing or aggravating factorsfor this disease.
The Biocompatibility of eugenol after an intraosseous implantation
Authors: Khulood Al-Sarraf M. 
Published: April 2022

The biocompatibility of the Eugenol, as one of the commonest root canal filling (RCF), material was evaluated through an intraosseous implantation of this material in the mandible of the Syrian hamsters.Forty Syrian hamsters were divided into 5 groups, 8 animals in each group, group 1 as control, and group 2, 3, 4, 5 as experimental groups.After the animal was anesthetised, the skin was reflected and a hole of 2mm. diameter X 2mm. depth was drilled in all the hamster mandibles.A mixture of Eugenol and Zinc oxide as a paste was placed in that hole of each animal of the experimental groups and left for different periods, 7 days, 14 days, 21 days, and 28 days. After the hamsters were sacrificed, a histological examination of the implantation site was performed, the results showed that Eugenol elicited a severe inflammatory reaction at day 7, and this inflammatory reaction is increased to become more severe at day 14, and the reaction begin to decrease with the 21day giving about the same histopathological picture of after 7 days to become moderate after 28 days.Our conclusion is that the Eugenol is a biologically irritant material even after 4 weeks of itsintraosseous implantation.
Formulation and Evaluation of Cimetidine as a Topical Preparation
Authors: Yas Ali A , Marie Nidhal K. 
Published: April 2022

Cimetidine is a H2 – receptor blocking drug, widely used for the treatment of stomach ulcer in addition to its immune response modifying activity. This study is carried out to formulate cimetidine in a stable topical preparation.The in vitro release of cimetidine from different semisolid bases was studied utilizing: o/w emulsion base A and B, sodium carboxymethylcellulose gel, and w/o emulsion base. The results showed that the best release was obtained from the o/w emulsion base B (i.e. cream base); hence it was selected for extensive studies.The effect of cimetidine concentration on its diffusion through excised mouse skin was also investigated and the data showed an increase in the diffusion rate with increasing cimetidine concentration using cream base. The study also involved the diffusion of the drug from cimetidine 10% w/w cream base through excised mouse skin with different penetration enhancers utilizing: sodium lauryl sulphate, propylene glycol, xanthan gum, oleic acid, methyl salicylate, urea, and PEG1000. The study showed that 3% w/w sodium lauryl sulphate had a very highly significant effect on the diffusion rate of cimetidine. The study also showed that the temperature and the storage period led to a decrease in the diffusion rate, increase in the viscosity of cimetidine 10%w/w cream formula and a little change in the pH. The use of EDTA disodium 1.0%w/w as a stabilizer gave a more stable formula for cimetidine 10% w/w cream formula where the expiration date was 4.09 years compared to 2.74 years when using 1.0%w/w dl – α tocopherol as an antioxidant, and 1.35 years for the blank formula (i.e. formula free from antioxidant and stabilizer).Preliminary clinical study was performed among fifteen patients, ten with warts, and five with adrenal androgenic female – pattern alopecia. The results indicated that 80% of patients with warts gave positive response, while, 40% of patients with adrenal androgenic female – pattern alopecia gave positive response.
Comparison Between Two NSAIDs (Non selective & selective COX-2 Inhibitor) According to their Renal Toxicity on Elderly People
Authors: Hadi Haydar F. 
Published: April 2022

The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widly used all over the world for different rheumatic musculoskeletal disorders. Like any other chemical compounds, they have different side effects like renal toxicity that becomes very serious when used for long time especially from elderly people whose already have a reduced renal function or those This with renal or cardiac problems that may increase the incidence of such toxicity.
study focusing on this point, by comparing between 2 NSAIDs, a non selective-COX inhibitor (Indomethacin) and selective COX-2 inhibitor (Meloxicam) according to their renal toxicity on elderly patients, depending on changes in values of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (S. Cr.) & serum potassium (S. K+) concentrations as parameters of such toxicity. In another way we investigate whether the renal or cardiac problems will increase such toxicity of NSAIDs on elderly patients or not.The study involved 80 elderly patients, healthy and with renal or cardiac problems, selected from rheumatologic outpatient clinic and given one of the 2 NSAIDs as adrug of choice for their present complaints for a period of 15 days.It was clearly appeared from results, that both NSAIDs couse similar extent of renal side effects and the presence of renal and/or cardiac problems could increase the susceptibility of such toxicity especially renal impairment & renal hypertension.