bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photocatalytic E→Z Contra‐Thermodynamic Isomerization of Vinyl Silanes with Lewis Base
Authors: Le Thi Minh Thi , Brégent Thibaud , Jubault Philippe , Poisson Thomas 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHerein, we disclosed the contra‐thermodynamic E→Z isomerization of alkenyl silanes, according to the in situ formation of a chromophoric species, in the presence of rac‐BINAP as the catalyst. The reaction carried out in DMSO or CH3CN under irradiation at 405 nm allowed the interconversion of the E‐isomers into the Z‐congeners in good to excellent yields and outstanding Z/E selectivities, on 18 examples. Finally, the mechanism of this E→Z isomerization was studied to get insight into the reaction mechanism.
Inducing Curvature to Pyracylene upon π‐Expansion
Authors: Bergner John , Walla Christian , Rominger Frank , Dreuw Andreas , Kivala Milan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe disclose a successive π‐expansion of pyracylene towards boat‐shaped polycyclic scaffolds. The unique structural features of the resulting compounds were revealed by X‐ray crystallographic analysis. Depending on the extent of π‐expansion the compounds display intense bathochromically shifted absorption bands in their UV/Vis spectra and are prone to several redox events as documented by cyclic voltammetry. The experimental observations are in line with the computational studies based on density functional theory, suggesting progressive narrowing of the HOMO–LUMO gap and distinct evolution of the electronic structure and aromaticity.
Serological response to a third booster dose of BNT162b2 COVID‐19 vaccine among seronegative cancer patients
Authors: Shmueli Einat Shacham , Lawrence Yaacov R. , Rahav Galia , Itay Amit , Lustig Yaniv , Halpern Naama , Boursi Ben , Margalit Ofer 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackground and AimThe BNT162b2 COVID‐19 vaccine (Pfizer/BioNTech), given as a two‐dose series, 3 weeks apart, elicits a serological response in 84–98% of patients with cancer, even if administered while undergoing anticancer treatments. Herein, we report the impact of a third (booster) dose of BNT162b2, delivered 6 months following the second vaccine dose.MethodsThis pilot study included four patients with cancer who were seronegative after two vaccine doses, and received a third (booster) dose of BNT162b2 at 6 months following the second vaccine dose. The four patients received the three vaccine doses between December 2020 and July 2021. Samples were evaluated with an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that detects IgG (Immunoglobulin G) antibodies against the RBD (receptor‐binding domain) of SARS‐CoV‐2.ResultsAt a mean time of 19 days (ranges 7–28) after the second vaccination, all four patients were seronegative for RBD‐IgG. However, at a mean time of 21 days (ranges 20–22) after the third dose, three out of the four patients (75%) were now seropositive. Mean RBD‐IgG titers were increased after the third vaccine dose from 0.37 to 2.81 (Student's t‐test, p = 0.05, two‐sided).ConclusionsAlthough limited by the small sample size, our findings suggest that a third (booster) dose administered to patients with cancer, who remain seronegative despite two doses of BNT162b2, may be efficacious in eliciting an antibody response.
A decision support system for diagnosis of hepatitis disease using an integrated rough set and fish swarm algorithm
Authors: Kumari Nancy , Acharjya Debi Prasanna 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHealthcare data analysis is a primary concern. It leads to multiple levels of knowledge extraction for decision support systems because of the presence of uncertainties. Therefore, this paper integrates the rough set and artificial fish swarm optimization to develop a decision support system that handles uncertainties present in an information system. In the initial stage, the artificial fish swarm—the rough set procedure is implemented in finding vital features. Further, in the second phase, the rough set uses these vital features to develop a decision support system. The above model is analyzed over hepatitis B disease. The proposed model attains an accuracy of 92.4%. Further, the proposed model is compared with the classical rough set, decision tree, and artificial fish swarm‐decision tree model. The accuracy obtained is 88.9%, 83.3%, and 90.8%, respectively. The proposed model has a greater accuracy of 3.5% than the rough set model and has a greater accuracy of 9.1% than the decision tree model. Simultaneously, the proposed model has 1.6% greater accuracy than the artificial fish swarm‐decision tree model. Therefore, it is believed that the projected decision support system may be used to prevent and detect hepatitis B diseases.
Integration of Nanographenes and Organic Chemistry – Toward Nanographene‐based Two‐Dimensional Materials
Authors: Sekiya Ryo , Haino Takeharu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGraphene and its relatives have received considerable attention from the fields of physics and chemistry since the isolation of pristine graphene sheets. Nanographenes (NGs) are graphene fragments that are a few to tens of nanometers in diameter. Compared to graphene and its relatives, such as graphene oxides, NGs can be handled more easily, and their large π surface and oxygen functional groups on the edge allow postsynthetic modifications. The study of NGs is gradually shifting from the development of synthetic procedures to postsynthetic modification. From the structural point of view, NGs can be regarded as two‐dimensional carbon polymers. Their unique structures and affinity for organic molecules make NGs excellent scaffolds for two‐dimensional materials, which are now an important topic in organic and polymer chemistry. In this conceptual article, we introduce the position of NGs from the perspective of two‐dimensional substances and briefly review both the structural features of NGs and the effects of functionalization on their physical properties. These are valuable when producing reasonable strategies for their postsynthetic modifications.
Cyto‐histo correlation and false‐negative urine: Before and after the Paris system for reporting urinary cytology
Authors: Yuan Lisi , Gero Margaret , Zia Shereen , Aryal Sameer Chhetri , Shetty Sindhu , Reynolds Jordan P. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe impact of implementing the Paris system (TPS) on the rate of discrepant cases in the negative for high‐grade urothelial carcinoma (NHGUC) category that had a subsequent diagnosis of high‐grade urothelial carcinoma (HGUC) on histology is not well studied.MethodsWe adopted TPS in May 2019. We searched discrepant cases with negative urine cytology 2017–2019 in our cyto‐histo correlation database. The urine cytology and follow‐up biopsy/resection were reviewed by a cytopathologist who also did Genitourinary (GU) Pathology subspecialty sign‐out. Voided urine and instrumented urine were included in this study.ResultsThere were total of 70 discrepant cases with negative cytology interpretation but HGUC on the subsequent biopsy or resected specimen. Following the TPS criteria, the rate of discrepant negative cytology cases increased from 6 cases between January 2017 and May 2019 to 64 cases after May 2019 when we adopted TPS. There were 2 discrepant negative cases in 2017, 3 cases in 2018, and 65 cases in 2019. Out of 65 cases in 2019, 64 cases were identified after May 2019. Additional 55 urine cytology slides were reviewed according to the TPS criteria, of which, the diagnoses remained unchanged in 45 (82%) cases and 10 (19%) cases were reassigned to either atypical or suspicious categories. The discrepancy was noted more on the instrumented urine and the upper tract urine. However, the false‐negative rate rose faster in voided urine and lower tract urine. The risk of HGUC with the category of NHGUC was 0.03% in 2017, 0.05% in 2018, and 1.06% in 2019 at our institution. The increase in false‐negative rate could not be attributed to a single cytopathologist.ConclusionAfter adopting TPS for reporting urine cytology, there was an increase in HGUC from negative urine cytology which was subsequently confirmed on histology as cases of HGUC. The quality control of negative urines could be important monitoring the process when implementing TPS.
Systemic embolism in amyloid transthyretin cardiomyopathy
Authors: Vilches Silvia , Fontana Marianna , Gonzalez‐Lopez Esther , Mitrani Lindsey , Saturi Giulia , Renju Mary , Griffin Jan M. , Caponetti Angelo , Gnanasampanthan Sahana , De los Santos Jeffeny , Gagliardi Christian , Rivas Adrian , Dominguez Fernando , Longhi Simone , Rapezzi Claudio , Maurer Mathew S. , Gillmore Julian , Garcia‐Pavia Pablo 
Published: June 2022

AimsAlthough systemic embolism is a potential complication in transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR‐CM), data about its incidence and prevalence are scarce. We studied the incidence, prevalence and factors associated with embolic events in ATTR‐CM. Additionally, we evaluated embolic events according to the type of oral anticoagulation (OAC) and the performance of the CHA2DS2‐VASc score in this setting.Methods and resultsClinical characteristics, history of atrial fibrillation (AF) and embolic events were retrospectively collected from ATTR‐CM patients evaluated at four international amyloid centres. Overall, 1191 ATTR‐CM patients (87% men, median age 77.1 years [interquartile range‐IQR 71.4–82], 83% ATTRwt) were studied. A total of 162 (13.6%) have had an embolic event before initial evaluation. Over a median follow‐up of 19.9 months (IQR 9.9–35.5), 41 additional patients (3.44%) had an embolic event. Incidence rate (per 100 patient‐years) was 0 among patients in sinus rhythm with OAC, 1.3 in sinus rhythm without OAC, 1.7 in AF with OAC, and 4.8 in AF without OAC. CHA2DS2‐VASc did not predict embolic events in patients in sinus rhythm whereas in patients with AF without OAC, only those with a score ≥4 had embolic events. There was no difference in the incidence rate of embolism between patients with AF treated with vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) (n = 322) and those treated with direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) (n = 239) (p = 0.66).ConclusionsEmbolic events were a frequent complication in ATTR‐CM. OAC reduced the risk of systemic embolism. Embolic rates did not differ with VKAs and DOACs. The CHA2DS2‐VASc score did not correlate well with clinical outcome in ATTR‐CM and should not be used to assess thromboembolic risk in this population.
Design and thermal performance evaluation of a new solar air collector with comprehensive consideration of five factors of phase‐change materials
Authors: Hu Wentao , Huang Yue , Zhang Jiaying , Kong Lin , Alekhin Vladimir N. 
Published: June 2022

SummarySolar air collectors are widely used for the heating of buildings in cold areas owing to their high light–heat conversion rate, non‐freezing of air medium, and low manufacturing cost. However, the intermittency of solar energy conflicts with the user's comprehensive heating demands, thereby hindering the promotion of solar air collectors. To solve the above issue, in this study, a solar air collector model with a new heat storage device (Type 2) was designed by comprehensively considering five factors, such as phase‐change temperature, heat storage capacity, heat transfer efficiency, heat storage time, and heat release time. Thereafter, the ordinary solar air collector model (Type 1) was compared with the Type 2 solar air collector. Comparative analysis of the thermal performance evaluation index revealed that the heat release time of the Type 2 solar air collector was approximately 15 h after sunset, and the heat storage time was only approximately 7.5 h. Compared with Type 1 solar air collectors and previousachievements, the average daily heat collection efficiency of Type 2 solar air collectors decreased by 20.08% and 16.58%. The findings of this study indicate that the Type 2 solar air collector has a good effect in terms of heat storage time, heat release time, and heat peak migration, and is thus conducive to solving the contradiction between the intermittence of solar energy and user's comprehensive heating demands.
Choosing misaligned governance modes when offshoring business functions: A prospect theory perspective
Authors: Elia Stefano , Larsen Marcus M. , Piscitello Lucia 
Published: June 2022

AbstractResearch SummaryTransaction cost economics (TCE) holds that multinational corporations (MNCs) should select governance modes based on associated transactional hazards. However, MNCs often adopt theoretically misaligned governance modes. Applying a prospect theory (PT) perspective, we use the context of business‐process offshoring to explore why firms choose misaligned governance modes. We argue that theoretically misaligned governance modes are regarded as riskier than aligned governance modes, and we suggest that prior experiences of failure in an international context—especially in business functions that are relevant for the internationalization of a firm—prompt decision‐makers to choose theoretically misaligned governance modes. We enhance discussions on governance‐mode decisions with important behavioral perspectives on how such decisions materialize.Managerial SummaryExperience with underperforming investments provides decision‐makers with an important motivation to search for riskier, nontraditional solutions, such as governance modes that do not necessarily comply with conventional logics. We show that such decisions, which have traditionally been conceived as managerial mistakes, are driven by behavioral insights found in the fields of human and organizational psychology. While we explore this idea in the context of international governance‐mode decisions, we believe such a behavioral perspective on international decision‐making is generalizable to other relevant contexts.
Functional complexity in the chorioallantoic membrane of an oviparous snake: Specializations for calcium uptake from the eggshell
Authors: Ecay Tom W. , Stewart James. R. , Khambaty Maleka 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe chorioallantoic membrane of oviparous reptiles forms a vascular interface with the eggshell. The eggshell contains calcium, primarily as calcium carbonate. Extraction and mobilization of this calcium by the chorioallantoic membrane contributes importantly to embryonic nutrition. Development of the chorioallantoic membrane is primarily known from studies of squamates and birds. Although there are pronounced differences in eggshell structure, squamate and bird embryos each mobilize calcium from eggshells. Specialized cells in the chicken chorionic epithelium transport calcium from the eggshell aided by a second population of cells that secrete protons generated by the enzyme carbonic anhydrase. Calcium transporting cells also are present in the chorioallantoic membrane of corn snakes, although these cells function differently than those of chickens. We used histology and immunohistology to characterize the morphology and functional attributes of the chorioallantoic membrane of corn snakes. We identified two populations of cells in the outer layer of the chorionic epithelium. Calbindin‐D28K, a cellular marker for calcium transport expressed in squamate chorioallantoic membranes, is localized in large, flattened cells that predominate in the chorionic epithelium. Smaller cells, interspersed among the large cells, express carbonic anhydrase 2, an enzyme not previously localized in the chorionic epithelium of an oviparous squamate. These findings indicate that differentiation of chorionic epithelial cells contributes to extraction and transport of calcium from the eggshell. The presence of specializations of chorioallantoic membranes for calcium uptake from eggshells in chickens and corn snakes suggests that eggshell calcium was a source of embryonic nutrition early in the evolution of Sauropsida.
妊娠21週で高トリグリセリド血症による重症急性膵炎を発症し血漿交換療法とLDL（low density lipoprotein）吸着療法を施行した1例(A case of plasma exchange and LDL apheresis during the second trimester in a pregnant woman with hypertriglyceridemia–induced severe acute pancreatitis)
Authors: (Daisuke Yamamoto) 山本 大輔 , (Jiro Kamiyama) 神山 治郎 , (Keita Saiki) 齋木 啓太 , (Shintaro Furuya) 古谷 慎太郎 , (Kaoru Ogawa) 小川 薫 , (Shigemasa Taguchi) 田口 茂正 , (Kazuya Kiyota) 清田 和也 
Published: June 2022

要旨症例は38歳，妊娠21週の女性。発熱，腹痛を主訴に絨毛膜羊膜炎の診断で入院加療していたが，改善に乏しく，血液検査と造影CTで高トリグリセリド血症（triglyceride: TG，TG値 9,922mg/dL）による急性膵炎と診断した。高TG血症に対して，薬物療法を行ったが奏功せず，血漿交換療法を施行した。その後，呼吸不全と代謝性アシドーシスが進行したため，帝王切開により妊娠を終結させた。経過中，LDL吸着療法を2回施行し，TG値は690mg/dLまで低下した。膵炎の保存的加療を継続し，第29病日に退院した。高TG血症による重症膵炎では，膵炎治療に加えて高TG血症への治療併施が重要だが，TG値に応じて異なる血液浄化療法を選択し，病態改善に寄与したと考えられた。
Radiomic‐Based MRI for Classification of Solitary Brain Metastases Subtypes From Primary Lymphoma of the Central Nervous System
Authors: Zhao Lin‐mei , Hu Rong , Xie Fang‐Fang , Clay Kargilis Daniel , Imami Maliha , Yang Shuai , Guo Jiu‐Qing , Jiao Xiao , Chen Rui‐ting , Wei‐Hua Liao , Li Lang 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundDifferential diagnosis of brain metastases subtype and primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is necessary for treatment decisions. The application of machine learning facilitates the classification of brain tumors, but prior investigations into primary lymphoma and brain metastases subtype classification have been limited.PurposeTo develop a machine‐learning model to classify PCNSL, brain metastases with primary lung and non‐lung origin.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationA total of 211 subjects with pathologically confirmed PCNSL or brain metastases (training cohort 168 and testing cohort 43).Field Strength/SequenceA 3.0 T axial contrast‐enhanced T1‐weighted spin‐echo inversion recovery sequence (T1WI‐CE), axial T2‐weighted fluid‐attenuation inversion recovery sequence (T2FLAIR)AssessmentSeveral machine‐learning models (support vector machine, random forest, and K‐nearest neighbors) were built with least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) using features from T1WI‐CE, T2FLAIR, and clinical. The model with the highest performance in the training cohort was selected to differentiate lesions in the testing cohort. Then, three radiologists conducted a two‐round classification (with and without model reference) using images and clinical information from testing cohorts.Statistical TestsFive‐fold cross‐validation was used for model evaluation and calibration. Model performance was assessed based on sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC).ResultsTwenty‐five image features were selected by LASSO analysis. Random forest classifier was selected for its highest performance on the training set with an AUC of 0.73. After calibration, this model achieved an accuracy of 0.70 on the testing set. Accuracies of all three radiologists improved under model reference (0.49 vs. 0.70, 0.60 vs. 0.77, 0.58 vs. 0.72, respectively).Data ConclusionThe random forest model based on conventional MRI and clinical data can diagnose PCNSL and brain metastases subtypes (lung and non‐lung origin). Model classification can help foster the diagnostic accuracy of specialists and streamline prognostication workflow.Evidence Level4Technical EfficacyStage 2
Structural elucidation of two novel degradants of lurasidone and their formation mechanisms under free radical‐mediated oxidative and photolytic conditions via liquid chromatography‐photodiode array/ultraviolet‐tandem mass spectrometry and one‐dimensional/two‐dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Authors: Wang Kathy Cheng , Guo Qiaohong , Kuang Zijian , Jin Jianyang , Li Dan , Chen Wenbin , Zhu Wenquan , Li Min 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLurasidone is an antipsychotic drug clinically used for the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. During a mechanism‐based forced degradation study of lurasidone, two novel degradation products were observed under free radical‐mediated oxidative (via AIBN) and solution photolytic conditions. The structures of the two novel degradants were identified through an approach combining HPLC, LC‐MSn (n = 1, 2), preparative HPLC purification and NMR spectroscopy. The degradant formed under the free radical‐mediated condition is an oxidative degradant with half of the piperazine ring cleaved to form two formamides; a mechanism is proposed for the formation of the novel N,N′‐diformyl degradant, which should be readily applicable to other drugs that contain a piperazine moiety that is widely present in drug molecules. The degradant observed under the solution photolytic condition is identified as the photo‐induced isomer of lurasidone with the benzisothiazole ring altered into a benzothiazole ring.
Re‐emerging human monkeypox: A major public‐health debacle
Authors: Saxena Shailendra K. , Ansari Saniya , Maurya Vimal K. , Kumar Swatantra , Jain Amita , Paweska Janusz T. , Tripathi Anil K. , Abdel‐Moneim Ahmed S. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA multicountry outbreak of the monkeypox virus has gained global attention. As of May 25, 250 confirmed human monkeypox cases have been reported globally. Monkeypox is caused by the Monkeypox virus, which belongs to the Orthopoxvirus genus and Poxviridae family. Monkeypox is often a self‐limiting infection, with symptoms lasting 2–4 weeks with the case fatality ratio around 3%–6%. Monkeypox is transmitted to humans by direct contact with an infected person or animal or contact with virus‐contaminated material. Human monkeypox infections may lead to various medical complications such as fever, rash, and lymphadenopathies. Pneumonitis, encephalitis, sight‐threatening keratitis, and subsequent bacterial infections are all possible complications of monkeypox. An antiviral agent developed to treat smallpox has also been approved for use in the treatment of monkeypox in the United States. Vaccines used in the smallpox eradication program also provided immunity to monkeypox. Newer vaccines have been developed, one of which has been approved for monkeypox prevention. In this study, we provide information about the recent outbreaks of human monkeypox, epidemiology, transmission pattern, possible diagnosis techniques, therapeutics, and available preventive strategies.
The implications of cell‐free DNAs derived from tumor viruses as biomarkers of associated cancers
Authors: Wang Yiwei , Li Yanling , Liang Xinyu , Xin Shuyu , Yang Li , Cao Pengfei , Jiang Mingjuan , Xin Yujie , Zhang Senmiao , Yang Yang , Lu Jianhong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCancer is still ranked as a leading cause of death according to estimates from the World Health Organization (WHO) and the strong link between tumor viruses and human cancers have been proved for almost six decades. Cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) has drawn enormous attention for its dynamic, instant, and noninvasive advantages as one popular type of cancer biomarker. cfDNAs are mainly released from apoptotic cells and exosomes released from cancer cells, including those infected with viruses. Although cfDNAs are present at low concentrations in peripheral blood, they can reflect tumor load with high sensitivity. Considering the relevance of the tumor viruses to the associated cancers, cfDNAs derived from viruses may serve as good biomarkers for the early screening, diagnosis, and treatment monitoring. In this review, we summarize the methods and newly developed analytic techniques for the detection of cfDNAs from different body fluids, and discuss the implications of cfDNAs derived from different tumor viruses in the detection and treatment monitoring of virus‐associated cancers. A better understanding of cfDNAs derived from tumor viruses may help formulate novel antitumoral strategies to decrease the burden of cancers that attributed to viruses.