bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental toxicology of arsenic: current understanding of toxicity, detection, and remedial strategies
Authors: Kumari Bibha , Bharti Vijay K. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Arsenic toxicity is an important worldwide health problem of humans and animals due to environmental and occupational exposure through arsenic polluted water, air, soil and food items. It has a multifaceted health impact on animals, human beings, and the environment. Therefore, various experimental and clinical studies were undertaken and had been undergoing to understand its pathogenesis, identify the key biomarkers, medical and economic impact on the affected populations, timely detection and amelioration. However, despite these long-investigated studies, no conclusive information is available for prevention and control of arsenic toxicity, mainly due to complex epidemiology, scattered approach, and repetitive work. Hence, there is a need for literature that exclusively brings information on epidemiology, pathogenesis, and ameliorative measures of arsenic toxicity, which can help researchers and policymakers for effective future planning research and community control programs. In the above view, this article presents an extensive review on the current understanding of arsenic toxicity, detection methodologies, epidemiology, and remedial measures for the benefits of researchers, academicians, and policy makers in controlling arsenic eco-toxicology and direction for direction futuristic research.
Individual and community-level determinants of cervical cancer screening in Zimbabwe: a multilevel analysis of a nationwide survey
Authors: Alone Isabirye , Charlestine Elwange Bob , De Allegri Manuela 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Cervical cancer screening that has proven to reduce the burden of cervical cancer elsewhere, but remains low in Zimbabwe, a country with the highest disease burden in Sub-Saharan Africa. The ministry of health’s 2018-target was to screen 25% of the women aged 25–59 years though cross-sectional district-based studies have indicated sub-optimal screening. The main objective of the study was to establish the determinants of cervical cancer screening in Zimbabwe using multi-level modelling to take into account individual, household, and community factors simultaneously. We used data from the 2015 Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Survey including 9955 women aged 15–49 years nested within 400 communities. We used two-step multi-level multivariable regression analyses. Few (13.44%) women had ever screened for cervical cancer. We observed higher odds of ever been screened among women; aged 31–49 years (OR = 2.01; 95% CI 1.72–2.34), working (OR = 1.35; 95% CI 1.17–1.55), with health insurance (OR = 1.95; 95% CI 1.63–2.34 ), who ever used modern contraceptives (OR = 1.51 ; 95% CI 1.22–1.86), with exposure to multiple media (OR = 1.27; 95% CI 1.03–1.58), and residing in communities with high proportion of women with; favorable attitude towards wife beating (OR = 1.21; 95% CI1.04-1.41), and with a non-poor wealth index distribution (OR = 1.54; 95% CI 1.14–2.05). The study findings point at the co-existence of individual and community factors in shaping decision to screen and call for policies that address inequities in access to resources as well as disempowering cultural attitudes.
High Fat Diet Activates Splenic NOD1 and Enhances Neutrophil Recruitment and Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Release in the Spleen of ApoE-Deficient Mice
Authors: Fernández-García Victoria , González-Ramos Silvia , Avendaño-Ortiz José , Martín-Sanz Paloma , Gómez-Coronado Diego , Delgado Carmen , Castrillo Antonio , Bosca Lisardo 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In the course of atherogenesis, the spleen plays an important role in the regulation of extramedullary hematopoiesis and in the control of circulating immune cells, which contributes to plaque progression. Here, we have investigated the role of splenic nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 (NOD1) in the recruitment of circulating immune cells as well as the involvement of this immune organ in extramedullary hematopoiesis in mice fed a high-fat high-cholesterol diet (HFD). Under HFD conditions, the absence of NOD1 enhances the mobilization of immune cells, mainly neutrophils, from the bone marrow to the blood. To determine the effect of NOD1-dependent mobilization of immune cells under pro-atherogenic conditions, Apoe -/- and Apoe -/- Nod1 -/- mice fed HFD for 4 weeks were used. Splenic NOD1 from Apoe -/- mice was activated after feeding HFD as inferred by the phosphorylation of the NOD1 downstream targets RIPK2 and TAK1. Moreover, this activation was accompanied by the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), as determined by the increase in the expression of peptidyl arginine deiminase 4, and the identification of citrullinated histone H3 in this organ. This formation of NETs was significantly reduced in Apoe -/- Nod1 -/- mice. Indeed, the presence of Ly6G + cells and the lipidic content in the spleen of mice deficient in Apoe and Nod1 was reduced when compared to the Apoe -/- counterparts, which suggests that the mobilization and activation of circulating immune cells is altered in the absence of NOD1. Furthermore, confirming previous studies, Apoe -/- Nod1 -/- mice showed a reduced atherogenic disease and a diminished recruitment of neutrophils in the spleen, compared to Apoe -/- mice. However, splenic artery-ligation reduced the atherogenic burden in Apoe -/- mice an effect that, unexpectedly was lost in Apoe -/- Nod1 -/- mice. Together, these results suggest that neutrophil accumulation and activity in the spleen is driven in part by NOD1 activation in mice fed HFD, contributing in this way to regulate atherogenic progression.
Surrogate biomarkers of outcome for wake-up ischemic stroke
Authors: Hervella Pablo , Alonso-Alonso María Luz , Pérez-Mato María , Rodríguez-Yáñez Manuel , Arias-Rivas Susana , López-Dequidt Iria , Pumar José M , Sobrino Tomás , Campos Francisco , Castillo José , Iglesias-Rey Ramón 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Wake-up ischemic stroke (IS) has been usually excluded from acute stroke therapy options for being outside of the safe treatment window. We identified risk factors, and clinical or molecular biomarkers that could be therapeutic targets for wake-up stroke prevention, thus hopefully leading to a decrease in its mortality and disability in medium to long-term outcome. Methods: 4,251 ischemic stroke (IS) patients from a prospectively registered database were recruited; 3,838 (90.3%) had known onset-symptom time, and 413 (9.7%) were wake-up strokes. The main endpoint was to analyze the association between different serum biomarkers with wake-up IS episodes and their progression. Leukocytes count, serum levels of C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, interleukin 6 (IL-6), and vitamin D were analyzed as inflammation biomarkers; N-terminal pro-B-type Natriuretic-Peptide and microalbuminuria, used as atrial/endothelial dysfunction biomarkers; finally, glutamate levels as excitotoxicity biomarker. Results: Wake-up IS showed a poorer outcome at 3-months than in patients with known on-set-symptom time (59.1% vs. 48.1%; p<0.0001). Patients with wake-up IS had higher levels of inflammation biomarkers; IL-6 levels at admission (51.5±15.1 vs. 27.8±18.6 pg/ml; p<0.0001), and low vitamin D levels at 24 h (5.6±5.8 vs. 19.2±9.4 ng/ml; p<0.0001) are worthy of attention. In a logistic regression model adjusted for vitamin D, OR was 15.1; CI 95%: 8.6 - 26.3, p<0.0001. Conclusions: Inflammatory biomarkers are the main factors that are strongly associated with wake-up IS episodes. Wake-up IS is associated with lower vitamin D levels. These data indicate that vitamin D deficiency could become a therapeutic target to reduce wake-up IS events.
Sharing of nitrogen between connected ramets of Alternanthera philoxeroides in homogeneous environments
Authors: Dong Bi-Cheng , Wang Pu , Luo Fang-Li 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
PurposeThe benefits of clonal integration have been widely documented in clonal species, but quantitative tests of the movement of resources between connected ramets (e.g., transport rate and partitioning pattern of nitrogen) are still scarce. MethodsWe conducted a control experiment with the clonal species Alternanthera philoxeroides, and used 15N isotope to quantify the transport rate of nitrogen (N) in two opposite directions (i.e., either from younger to older ramets or from older to younger ramets) within one clone, and the partitioning proportion of N in recipient ramets. Results The amount of 15N transported toward the apical part was markedly reduced at the higher external N level, whereas the amount of 15N transported toward the basal part was unrelated to the external N levels. The rate of 15N acropetal transport basically averaged 20.9%, and the rate of 15N basipetal transport generally ranged between 0.2% and 6.3%, both being negatively dependent of DPNC (i.e., the difference in plant N concentration [PNC] between apical and basal parts). The proportion of 15N in stems and in leaves averaged 74.7% and 18.1%, respectively; the proportion of root 15N in the apical part significantly decreased from 7.6 % to 0.4% when acropetal transport occurred. ConclusionThese results suggest that N sharing between connected ramets tended to be acropetal in A. philoxeroides and the partitioning pattern of N is organ-specific, which potentially contributes to the early development of young ramets, and also to the spread and abundance of A. philoxeroides in limited N conditions.
Organ At Risk (OAR) Data on Clinical Toxicity in The Treatment of Bulky Adrenal Metastases With Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy (SABR)
Authors: Berber Tanju , Gürsel Özge Kandemir , Yıldırım Berna Akkuş , Erken Aysun Arslantaş , Dinçer Selvi Tabak , Gürdal Necla 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Aim: In this study, the effectiveness of the treatment was investigated in terms of treatment responses and side effects with OAR in oligometastatic patients whose adrenal metastases were treated with stereotactic ablative radiotherapy. Methods: Medically inoperable patients who underwent radiosurgery for adrenal gland metastasis in our clinic between 2013 and 2019 were evaluated retrospectively withfor the patient, tumor, treatment characteristics, survival outcomes, and dosimetric parameters with toxicity.Results: Of the 22 patients in our study, 17 were male and 5 were female, with the median age of 63 (RangeRange (R): 41-81) years. PrimaryThe primary tumor site was the lung in 20 (90.9%) of 22 patients, while ten (45.5%) of the patients had isolated adrenal metastasis. The median dose was 30 Gy (R: 18-50) with a median fraction of five (R: 3-10). MedianThe median PTV volume was 55 cc. (IQR(interquartile range): 44-120cc).Conformity120 cc). The conformity index (CI) was 1.15 (R: 0.94-1.55), the homogeneity index (HI) was 1.27 (R: 0.7-1.47), and the coverage was 97.87% (33.33-99.04). From the first diagnosis to adrenal gland radiotherapy, the median time was 6.9 (IQR: 0.5-14) months. The median follow-up was 7 months (R: 2-48), and the median survival was 9.5 months (R: 2-48). The local control rate was 72.7% in the 6th month, 63.6% in the 1st year, and 59.0% in the 2nd year, and overall survival was 72.7%, 50%, and 31.8%, respectively. The median overall survival was 9.5 months for all patients (p= 0.049) and 6.5 months in the presence of diffuse disease. Deaths of patients due to distant progression were also found to be significant (p = 0.03, which was significant). Patients with isolated adrenal metastasis survived for 14.4 months after the treatment; while extra-adrenal metastasis lived for a median of 6.6 months (P = 0.01). Patients without distant progression survived for 16.7 months, and those with distant progression survived for a median of 8.7 months. Treatment-related toxicity grade 3-4 developed in 2 patient patients in which this toxicity was related to the gastrointestinal system. No grade 3 toxicity was detected in the kidney.Conclusion: Maintaining the local control of the adrenal gland metastasis in patients with oligometastatic disease not only provides symptom control, but may also provide prolonged survival with minimal toxicity.
Long non-coding RNA L13Rik promotes high glucose-induced mesangial cell hypertrophy and matrix protein expression by regulating miR-2861/CDKN1B axis
Authors: Sun Linlin , Ding Miao , Chen Fuhua , Zhu Dingyu , Xie Xinmiao , Wang Xiaoxia 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Glomerular mesangial cell hypertrophy is one of the earliest pathological abnormalities of diabetic nephropathy (DN). A growing literature suggests that lncRNA is involved in the development of DN. However, the function of lncRNA in mesangial cell hypertrophy is still unclear. In the current study, we identified that lncRNA L13Rik was upregulated in DN patients, diabetic rat model and high glucose (HG)-induced mesangial cell. CCK8, Tunel, and western-blot assay were performed to verify the function of silenced L13Rik on the cell growth, apoptosis, and cell hypertrophy in HG-induced mesangial cells. L13Rik knockdown inhibited HG-induced cell proliferation and hypertrophy, while accelerating HG-induced cell apoptosis. Mechanismly, L13Rik regulated mesangial cell hypertrophy by sponging miR-2861. The effect of L13Rik on mesangial hypertrophy was blocked by miR-2861. In addition, L13Rik/miR-2861 promoted mesangial cell hypertrophy by regulating Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B (CDKN1B) expression. Taken together, our data showed that L13Rik,as a sponge for miR-2861,regulated protein translation of CDKN1B and led to the hypertrophy of mesangial cell.
Preoperative clinical-radiomics nomogram for microvascular invasion prediction in hepatocellular carcinoma using 18 F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Fu Randi , Wang Yutao , Luo Shuying , Jin Gehui , Yu Zhongfei , Zhang Jian 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose: To develop a clinical-radiomics nomogram by incorporating radiomics score and clinical predictors for preoperative prediction of microvascular invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods: A total of 97 HCC patients were retrospectively enrolled from Shanghai Universal Medical Imaging Diagnostic Center and Changhai Hospital Affiliated to the Second Military Medical University. 909 CT and 909 PET slicers from 97 HCC patients were divided into a training cohort (N =637) and a validation cohort (N = 272). Radiomics features were extracted from each CT or PET slicer, and features selection was performed with least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression and radiomics score was also generated. The clinical-radiomics nomogram was established by integrating radiomics score and clinical predictors, and the performance of the models were evaluated from its discrimination ability, calibration ability, and clinical usefulness. Results: The radiomics score consisted of 45 selected features, and age, the ratio of maximum to minimum tumor diameter, and 18 F-FDG uptake status were independent predictors of microvascular invasion. The clinical-radiomics nomogram showed better performance for MVI detection (0.890[0.854,0.927]) than the clinical nomogram (0.849[0.804, 0.893]) (p<0.05). Both nomograms showed good calibration and the clinical-radiomics nomogram’s clinical practicability outperformed the clinical nomogram. Conclusions: With the combination of radiomics score and clinical predictors, the clinical-radiomics nomogram can significantly improve the predictive efficacy of microvascular invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma (p<0.05) compared with clinical nomogram.
Assessment of Health Impacts of Particulate Matter (PM2.5) on the Vulnerable Groups in the Central part of Bangladesh
Authors: Hassan Md. Shareful , Islam Md. Tariqul , Bhuiyan Mohammad Amir Hossain 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Particulate matter (PM2.5) is one of the critical sources for outdoor air pollution and poses the most significant public health threat. In Bangladesh, particularly in the major urban cities, PM2.5 has been identified as a significant public health hazard. This research aims to perform a spatiotemporal mapping of PM2.5 from 2002–2019 to identify the hotspots in central Bangladesh and to estimate the health impacts on pregnant women and population aged 60+. A time-series of remotely sensed PM2.5 is used in hotspot analysis, applying Geographic Information Systems (GIS). To explore the health impacts due to PM2.5, a questionnaire survey is conducted on pregnant women and population aged 60 + in both high- and low-spots zones. A Mann-Whitney U test of non-parametric statistical analysis is conducted to understand the mean impacts. The findings of this research reveal that the annual concentration of PM2.5 is increased by 47% during 2002–2019. Most of the high hotspot zones are identified in the middle of the study areas; the core urban areas of Dhaka, Narayanganj, and Gazipur Districts. The traffic vehicles, urbanization, construction and brickfield activities, and industrial emissions are the main controlling factors for increasing PM2.5. Further, the health impacts of both pregnant and population 60+ are higher in the high-spot zone than in the low-spot area. Note that pregnant women have less PM2.5 related information than 60+ population in both high- and low-spot zones. On the policy applications, the relevant departments may utilize these findings for health hazard risk reduction and local and regional air pollution mitigation.
Magnitude Of Early Postoperative Hypoxemia And Its Associated Factors Among Adult Patients Who Undergo Emergency Surgery Under General Anesthesia At Jimma Medical Center, Jimma, Southwest Ethiopia, 2021. A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Berhanu Mitiku , Dadi Negashu , Mengistu Berhanu , Muluken Zemenu , Tolossa Ashenafi , Tageza Tajera , Kelbessa Megersa , Tesfaye Gezahegn , Zewdie Belay 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Emergency Surgical procedures involve considerable risks. Among those, early postoperative hypoxemia (EPH) is a frequent anesthetic complication in the post-anesthetic care unit (PACU). There is a great concern for EPH among health professionals; specifically, those providing emergency surgery during the nighttime. This raised anesthesia ended time-related risk of EPH question. Thus, this study aimed to determine the magnitude of EPH and its associated factors among adult patients who undergo emergency surgery under general anesthesia. Methods: A prospective observational study through a consecutive sampling technique was conducted. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify associated risk factors. All variables that were found statistically significant on bivariable analysis were entered into a multivariable logistic regression analysis. Result: Of 352 patients who undergone emergency surgery 149(42.3%) patients were developed EPH. Factors significantly associated with EPH were anesthesia ended during night time (AOR= 1.76, 95%CI[1.01,3.05], p=0.045), ASA III (AOR=12.35, 95%CI:[4.5, 34.02], p= <0.001), age greater than 55(AOR= 3.2, 95%CI:[1.7,5.91], p= <0.001), surgery duration greater than two hour (AOR= 2.012, 95%CI:[1.2,3.51], p= 0.014), hypotension(AOR= 10.3, 95%CI: [2.4,44.16],p= 0.002),muscular strength score zero(AOR= 2.944,95%CI:[1.8,4.82], p=<0.001) and preoperative oxygen saturation less than 95% (AOR= 2.371, 95%CI:[1.35,4.16], p= 0.003).Conclusion: The magnitude of EPH among patients who have undergone emergency surgery was high and thus recommended that oxygen should be provided timely to decrease it. Identified risk factors were night time ended anesthesia, ASA III, age greater than 55, surgery duration greater than two hours, hypotension, muscular strength score zero and preoperative oxygen saturation less than 95%. This study found anesthesia ended during early morning favors early morning early postoperative hypoxemia (EMEPH). To avert EMEPH Anesthetist should avoid factors that favor the circadian rhythm of the lung based early morning anesthesia augmented EPH.
Decline in High Economic Value Fish in the Mediterranean and European Seas
Authors: Lamine Emna Ben , Schickele Alexandre , Goberville Eric , Beaugrand Gregory , Allemand Denis , Raybaud Virginie 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Fisheries and aquaculture are facing many challenges worldwide, especially adaptation to climate change. Investigating future distributional changes of largely harvested species has become an extensive research topic, aiming at providing realistic ecological scenarios on which to build management measures, to help fisheries and aquaculture adapt to future climate-driven changes. Here, we use an ensemble modelling approach to estimate the contemporary and future distributional range of eight fish Species of High Economic Value (SHEV) in the Mediterranean Sea. We identify a cardinal influence of (i) temperature on SHEVs distributions, all being shaped by yearly mean and seasonality in sea bottom temperature, and (ii) the primary production. By assessing the effects of changes in future climate conditions under three Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) scenarios over three periods of the 21st century, we project a contraction of the distributional range of the eight SHEVs in the Mediterranean Sea, with a general biogeographical displacement towards the North European coasts. This will help anticipating changes in future catch potential in a warmer world, which is expected to have substantial economic consequences for Mediterranean fisheries.
High order direct parametrisation of invariant manifolds for model order reduction of finite element structures: application to generic forcing terms and parametrically excited systems
Authors: Opreni Andrea , Vizzaccaro Alessandra , Touzé Cyril , Frangi Attilio 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The direct parametrisation method for invariant manifolds is used for model order reduction of forced-damped mechanical structures subjected to geometric nonlinearities. Nonlinear mappings are introduced, allowing one to pass from the degrees of freedom of the finite-element model to the normal coordinates. Arbitrary order of expansions are considered for the unknown mappings and the reduced dynamics, which are then solved sequentially through the homological equations, for both autonomous and time-dependent terms. It is emphasized that the two problems share a similar structure, which can be used for an efficient implementation of the non-autonomous added terms. A special emphasis is also put on the new resonance conditions arising due to the presence of the external forcing frequencies, which allows predicting phenomena such as parametric excitation and isolas formation. The method is then applied to structures of academic and industrial interest. First, the large amplitude vibrations of a forceddamped cantilever beam are studied. This example highlights that high order non-autonomous terms are compulsory to correctly estimate the maximum vibration amplitude experienced by the structure. The birth of isolated solutions is also illustrated on this example. The cantilever is then used to show how quadratic coupling creates conditions for the excitation of the parametric instability, all these features being correctly embedded in the reduction process. A shallow arch excited with multi-modal forcing is then studied to detail different forcing effects. Finally, the approach is validated on a structure of industrial relevance, i.e. a comb driven micro-electro-mechanical resonator. The accuracy and computational performance reported suggest that the proposed methodology can accurately predict the nonlinear dynamic response of a large class of nonlinear vibratory systems.