bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vegetation‐memory effects and their association with vegetation resilience in global drylands
Authors: Kusch Erik , Davy Richard , Seddon Alistair W. R. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Vegetation memory describes the effect of antecedent environmental and ecological conditions on the present ecosystem state and has been proposed as an important proxy for vegetation resilience. In particular, strong vegetation memory has been identified in dryland regions, but the factors underlying the spatial patterns of vegetation memory remain unknown.

We aim to map the components and drivers of vegetation memory in dryland regions using state‐of‐the‐art climate reanalysis data and refined approaches to identify vegetation‐memory characteristics across dryland regions worldwide.

Using a framework which distinguishes between intrinsic and extrinsic ecological memory, we show that (i) intrinsic memory is a much stronger component than extrinsic memory in the majority of dryland regions and (ii) climate reanalysis datasets change the detection of extrinsic vegetation memory in some global dryland regions.

Synthesis. Our study offers a global picture of the vegetation response to two climate variables using satellite data, information which is potentially relevant for mapping components and properties of vegetation responses worldwide. However, the large differences in the spatial patterns in intrinsic vegetation memory in our study compared to previous analyses show the overall sensitivity of this component to the initial choice of extrinsic predictor variables. As a result, we caution against using the oversimplified link between intrinsic vegetation‐memory and vegetation recovery rates at large spatial scales.
Metagenomic evidence of a novel family of anammox bacteria in a subsea environment
Authors: Suarez Carolina , Dalcin Martins Paula , Jetten Mike S.M. , Karačić Sabina , Wilén Britt Marie , Modin Oskar , Hagelia Per , Hermansson Malte , Persson Frank 
Published: April 2022

SummaryBacteria in the order ‘Candidatus Brocadiales’ within the phylum Planctomycetes (Planctomycetota) have the remarkable ability to perform anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox). Two families of anammox bacteria with different biogeographical distributions have been reported, marine Ca. Scalinduaceae and freshwater Ca. Brocadiaceae. Here we report evidence of three new species within a novel genus and family of anammox bacteria, which were discovered in biofilms of a subsea road tunnel under a fjord in Norway. In this particular ecosystem, the nitrogen cycle is likely fuelled by ammonia from organic matter degradation in the fjord sediments and the rock mass above the tunnel, resulting in the growth of biofilms where anammox bacteria can thrive under oxygen limitation. We resolved several metagenome‐assembled genomes (MAGs) of anammox bacteria, including three Ca. Brocadiales MAGs that could not be classified at the family level. MAGs of this novel family had all the diagnostic genes for a full anaerobic ammonium oxidation pathway in which nitrite was probably reduced by a NirK‐like reductase. A survey of published molecular data indicated that this new family of anammox bacteria occurs in many marine sediments, where its members presumably would contribute to nitrogen loss.
Migration of Acanthamoeba through Legionella biofilms is regulated by the bacterial Lqs‐LvbR network, effector proteins and the flagellum
Authors: Hochstrasser Ramon , Michaelis Sarah , Brülisauer Sabrina , Sura Thomas , Fan Mingzhen , Maaß Sandra , Becher Dörte , Hilbi Hubert 
Published: April 2022

SummaryThe environmental bacterium Legionella pneumophila causes the pneumonia Legionnaires' disease. The opportunistic pathogen forms biofilms and employs the Icm/Dot type IV secretion system (T4SS) to replicate in amoebae and macrophages. A regulatory network comprising the Legionella quorum sensing (Lqs) system and the transcription factor LvbR controls bacterial motility, virulence and biofilm architecture. Here we show by comparative proteomics that in biofilms formed by the L. pneumophila ΔlqsR or ΔlvbR regulatory mutants the abundance of proteins encoded by a genomic ‘fitness island’, metabolic enzymes, effector proteins and flagellar components (e.g. FlaA) varies. ∆lqsR or ∆flaA mutants form ‘patchy’ biofilms like the parental strain JR32, while ∆lvbR forms a ‘mat‐like’ biofilm. Acanthamoeba castellanii amoebae migrated more slowly through biofilms of L. pneumophila lacking lqsR, lvbR, flaA, a functional Icm/Dot T4SS (∆icmT), or secreted effector proteins. Clusters of bacteria decorated amoebae in JR32, ∆lvbR or ∆icmT biofilms but not in ∆lqsR or ∆flaA biofilms. The amoeba‐adherent bacteria induced promoters implicated in motility (PflaA) or virulence (PsidC, PralF). Taken together, the Lqs‐LvbR network (quorum sensing), FlaA (motility) and the Icm/Dot T4SS (virulence) regulate migration of A. castellanii through L. pneumophila biofilms, and – apart from the T4SS – govern bacterial cluster formation on the amoebae.
The effect of financial knowledge on asset allocation for Chinese households
Authors: Yang Tsung‐Yu , Tsai Pi‐Han , Chiang Tsun‐Feng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper investigates the association and causality between household financial knowledge and their corresponding financial behaviours in financial asset allocation and financial market participation. The 2014 data of the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) is used to examine the financial behaviours of Chinese households. Our empirical results suggest that the level of financial knowledge is positively correlated with the number of various types of financial assets. Additionally, by utilizing a multivariate probit model with binary responses, allowing for pairwise correlations among unobservable factors, it is found that household heads with higher financial knowledge are more likely to participate in certain financial markets, such as term deposits, mutual funds and stocks. When using the instrumental variable approach, it confirms that financial knowledge has some positive impacts on the number of assets and ownership of mutual funds and stocks. We argue that financial knowledge can be a predictor of financial behaviour, but it has its limitation for market participation. The removal of institutional barriers and the improvement in information discourse in China should also be implemented to help Chinese households participate the financial market.
The Patasola: archetypal roots of feminine identity in exile in a Colombian myth
Authors: De la Ossa Izquierdo Inés 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCivilization in Transition, the sociological writings of Carl Gustav Jung referring to processes of social transformation in the first half of the 20th century, is a source of inspiration to reflect on the social upheaval that we are facing in the second decade of the 21st century: crises such as the depredation of our natural resources with subsequent climate change; high incidence of feminicide and violence against women and children. The ‘Mother Earth’, women, the feminine and the dynamics of connection, solidarity and inclusion are being threatened and destroyed. Using the myth and symbolism of the image of Patasola as a starting point, this study seeks to unravel the archetypal roots that have led to exile both to the dark dimension – destructive and self‐destructive – as well as to the luminous dimension – autonomy, authority and independence – of the feminine identity. From a psychological standpoint, this paper explores the way that feminine identity, that inhabits the collective unconscious, has been expressed in various patterns since our beginnings as a nation, throughout our history, and how it is still in force through the cultural complex of the undervaluation of the feminine. Finally, we will look at the potential for redemption implicit in the myth.
Clinical management of uterine contraction abnormalities; an evidence‐based intrapartum care algorithm
Authors: Gülümser C , Yassa M ,   the WHO Intrapartum Care Algorithms Working Group
Published: April 2022

AimTo develop algorithms as decision support tools for identifying, managing and monitoring abnormal uterine activity during labour.PopulationWomen with singleton, term (37–42 weeks) pregnancies in active labour at admission.SettingInstitutional birth settings in low‐ and middle‐income countries (the algorithm may be applicable to any health facility).Search strategyPubMed was searched up to January 2020 using keywords. We also searched The Cochrane Library, and international guidelines from World Health Organization (WHO), National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) and French College of Gynaecologists and Obstetricians (CNGOF).Case scenariosAlgorithms were developed for two case scenarios: uterine hypoactivity and excessive uterine contractions. Key themes in the algorithm are: diagnosis, identification of probable causes, assessment of maternal and fetal condition and labour progress, monitoring and management.ConclusionThe algorithms for uterine hypoactivity and excessive uterine contractions have been developed to facilitate safe and effective management of abnormal uterine activity during labour. Research is needed to assess the views of healthcare professionals and women accessing healthcare to explore the feasibility of implementing these algorithms, and impact on labour outcomes.Tweetable abstractAn evidence‐based algorithm to support clinical management of abnormal uterine activity during labour.
Intrapartum care algorithms for liquor abnormalities: oligohydramnios, meconium, blood and purulent discharge
Authors: Liabsuetrakul T , Meher S ,   the WHO Intrapartum Care Algorithms Working Group
Published: April 2022

AimTo construct evidence‐based algorithms for the assessment and management of common amniotic fluid abnormalities detected during labour.PopulationLow‐risk singleton, term pregnant women in labour.SettingBirth facilities in low‐ and middle‐income countries.Search StrategyWe searched international guidelines published by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RANZCOG), the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG), the Society of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (SOGC) and the World Health Organization (WHO). We also searched The Cochrane Library and MEDLINE up to 20 January 2020 using keywords for relevant systematic reviews and randomised trials.Case scenariosWe developed evidence‐based intrapartum care algorithms for four case scenarios: oligohydramnios; meconium‐stained amniotic fluid; bloody amniotic fluid or vaginal bleeding; and purulent amniotic fluid or discharge. These conditions may be associated with fetal and /or maternal morbidity. Differential diagnosis includes uteroplacental insufficiency, fetal growth restriction, fetal distress, abruption, placenta or vasa praevia, uterine rupture and intra‐amniotic infection, respectively. Algorithms include how to assess for, diagnose and manage these conditions.ConclusionsFour algorithms are presented, to provide a systematic approach and guidance on the clinical management for the following amniotic fluid abnormalities: oligohydramnios; meconium‐stained liquor; bloody amniotic fluid or vaginal bleeding; and purulent amniotic fluid or discharge. These algorithms may be beneficial in supporting clinical decision making, particularly in low‐resource settings.Tweetable abstractEvidence based algorithms for management of common amniotic fluid abnormalities seen during labour.
Clinical algorithms for management of fetal heart rate abnormalities during labour
Authors: Cheung KW , Bonet M , Frank KA , Oladapo OT , Hofmeyr GJ ,   the WHO Intrapartum Care Algorithms Working Group
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveTo construct algorithms with a sequential decision analysis pathway for monitoring of the fetal heart rate and managing fetal heart rate bradycardia, late decelerations and tachycardia during labour.PopulationLow‐risk pregnant women in labour with singleton cephalic term pregnancies.SettingInstitutional births in low‐ and middle‐income countries.Search strategyWe sought relevant published clinical algorithms, guidelines and randomised trials/reviews by searching the Cochrane Library, PubMed and Google on the terms: “fetal AND heart AND rate AND algorithm AND (labour OR intrapartum)”, up to March 2020.Case scenariosThe two scenarios included were fetal heart rate bradycardia or late decelerations (potentially related to uterine rupture, placental abruption, cord prolapse, maternal hypotension, uterine hyperstimulation or unexplained) and fetal heart rate tachycardia (potentially related to maternal hyperthermia, infection, dehydration or unexplained). The algorithms provide pathways for definition, assessment, diagnosis, interventions to correct the abnormalities and ongoing monitoring leading to mode of birth, and linking to other algorithms in the series.ConclusionsThe algorithms provide a framework for monitoring and managing fetal heart rate bradycardia, late decelerations and tachycardia during labour. We emphasise the inherent diagnostic inaccuracy of fetal heart rate monitoring, the tendency to over‐diagnose fetal compromise, the need to consider fetal heart rate information in the context of other clinical features and the need to engage in informed, shared, family‐centred decision‐making. We note the need for further research on methods of fetal assessment during labour including clinical fetal arousal testing and the rapid biophysical profile test.Tweetable abstractDecision analysis algorithms for fetal bradycardia, late decelerations and tachycardia highlight diagnostic limitations.
Rural households' food security and its determinants in coastal regions of Bangladesh
Authors: Panezai Sanaullah , Moniruzzaman  , Saqib Shahab E. , Rahman Md. Sadique , Ferdous Zannatul , Asghar Sobia , Ullah Ayat , Ali Niaz 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe coastal zone of Bangladesh is suffering from a wide range of climate change‐driven hazards. Limited attention has been given to these zones' food security assessment. Therefore, this study aims to assess the status of food security and its determinants among different groups of Bangladeshi coastal households. It also identifies their livelihood risks and coping strategies during stressed situations. Data were collected from 1350 households from coastal districts through a questionnaire survey. Food security was calculated and compared with the recommended average (2400 kcal/capita/day). A binary logit model was used to identify the determinants of food security among rural coastal households. Livelihood risks and coping mechanisms were recorded through open‐ended questions. The findings of this study revealed that although on average, sampled households were food secure (2753 kcal/capita/day), 81% of landless households and 72% of marginal landholders within the sample appeared food insecure. Among various food items, rice supplied the greatest total daily calorie intake (1841.47 kcal), second was the edible oil (172.27 kcal). The regression model revealed that farm size, farm income, off‐farm income, and crop production had positive impacts on households' food security. Floods, salinity, heavy rainfall, and reduction of land productivity were high risks to the large farm households, while heavy rainfall, floods, and salinity were high risks to the landless farm households. To cope with these risks, the majority of large farm households used their savings and sold livestock and poultry as coping strategies. The landless and marginal farmers were mostly helped by nongovernmental and government‐run organizations, moved elsewhere to find work, sold their labor, and were involved in fishing. It was concluded that different groups of farmers face different challenges. Our findings indicate that in order to protect landless and marginal farmers, government should implement policies aimed at increasing crop production by means of prioritizing saline‐tolerant crop varieties and the creation of more job opportunities.
Heterogeneous farm‐size dynamics and impacts of subsidies from agricultural policy: Evidence from France
Authors: Saint‐Cyr Legrand D. F. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis article aims at investigating the impact of financial supports from agricultural policy on farm‐size dynamics. Since not all farms may behave alike, a non‐stationary mixed‐Markov chain modelling (M‐MCM) approach is applied to capture unobserved heterogeneity in the movements of farms across economic size (ES) classes. A multinomial logit specification is used for transition probabilities and the parameters are estimated by the maximum likelihood method and the Expectation‐Maximisation (EM) algorithm. An empirical application to an unbalanced panel from 2000 to 2018 shows that French farming consists of ‘almost stayers’, with a high probability of remaining in the same ES class over time, and ‘likely movers’, which present a higher probability of a change in size. The results also show that the impact of subsidies and other economic factors depends greatly on the type that a farm belongs to. These findings confirm that individual characteristics of farmers may be relevant for policy efficiency and more attention should thus be paid to unobserved farm heterogeneity in both policy design and the assessment of their impacts on farm‐size dynamics.
Global Governance in an Era of Pluralism
Authors: Johnstone Ian , Lincoln Joshua 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAs the range of actors, issues and levels of negotiation at the COP26 meeting in Glasgow demonstrates, the defining feature of global governance today is pluralism. Geopolitics, including swings in US global leadership and surging US–China competition, are part of the picture, but do not adequately explain the complexity of contemporary multilateralism. Deeper, systemic forces are at work – the birth pains of a more plural global system. This article identifies and examines four dimensions of pluralism: multipolarity, multiple issues, multi‐level governance, and multiple stakeholders. The effect is that all states – including middle and small states – must be more active, more agile, more self‐reliant, more willing to lead, and more oriented towards issues than ideology. The article illustrates the four dimensions through reviews of multilateral responses to COVID‐19, cyber attacks, and mass migration, before asking how states and non‐state actors can effectively manage a more plural system of governance. Three capacities for success are discussed: to act early and decisively by finding partners and fora for success; to embrace adhocracy internally and externally; and to rebalance effectiveness and trust through greater technocratic expertise, transboundary scientific cooperation, and a more inclusive diplomacy.
Clinical efficacy of dacomitinib in rechallenge setting for patients with epidermal growth factor receptor mutant non–small cell lung cancer: A multicenter retrospective analysis (TOPGAN2020‐02)
Authors: Tanaka Hisashi , Sakamoto Hiroaki , Akita Takahiro , Ohyanagi Fumiyoshi , Kawashima Yosuke , Tambo Yuichi , Tanimoto Azusa , Horiike Atsushi , Miyauchi Eisaku , Tsuchiya‐Kawano Yuko , Yanagitani Noriko , Nishio Makoto 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundDacomitinib is the second‐generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)‐tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) for mutant non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). EGFR‐TKIs are often re‐administered in Japan after the disease progression prior EGFR‐TKI. There is little evidence of dacomitinib in rechallenge setting. This study evaluated clinical outcomes of dacomitinib in rechallenge setting.MethodsPatients who received dacomitinib for advanced EGFR‐mutant NSCLC who had progressed after EGFR‐TKI in nine institutions in Japan were included in the analyses.ResultsIn total, 43 patients were analyzed. The median progression‐free survival (PFS) was 4.3 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.5–5.6). The overall survival (OS) was 10.5 months (95% CI, 7.4–not reached). The overall response rate was 25.5% (95% CI, 13.1–33.7). Subset analysis indicated that patients with EGFR exon 21 L858R showed longer PFS than those with EGFR exon 19 deletion (5.8 vs. 4.1 months) (p = 0.018). The most common adverse events leading to dose modification were diarrhea, paronychia, rash, and oral mucositis.ConclusionIn the real practice in Japan, dacomitinib showed a worthwhile treatment option for NSCLC patients with EGFR mutation after failure of previous EGFR‐TKI. The benefit was especially pronounced in patients with the exon 21 mutation.
Regulation of Cdc42 signaling by the dopamine D2 receptor in a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Ying Li , Zhao Jinlan , Ye Yingshan , Liu Yutong , Xiao Bin , Xue Tao , Zhu Hangfei , Wu Yue , He Jing , Qin Sifei , Jiang Yong , Guo Fukun , Zhang Lin , Liu Nuyun , Zhang Lu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSubstantial spine loss in striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs) and abnormal behaviors are common features of Parkinson's disease (PD). The caudate putamen (CPu) mainly contains MSNs expressing dopamine D1 receptor (dMSNs) and dopamine D2 receptor (iMSNs) exerting critical effects on motor and cognition behavior. However, the molecular mechanisms contributing to spine loss and abnormal behaviors in dMSNs and iMSNs under parkinsonian state remain unknown. In the present study, we revealed that Cell division control protein 42 (Cdc42) signaling was significantly decreased in the caudate putamen (CPu) in parkinsonian mice. In addition, overexpression of constitutively active Cdc42 in the CPu reversed spine abnormalities and improved the behavior deficits in parkinsonian mice. Utilizing conditional dopamine D1 receptor (D1R) or D2 receptor (D2R) knockout mice, we found that such a decrease under parkinsonian state was further reduced by conditional knockout of the D2R but not D1R. Moreover, the thin spine loss in iMSNs and deficits in motor coordination and cognition induced by conditional knockout of D2R were reversed by overexpression of constitutively active Cdc42 in the CPu. Additionally, conditional knockout of Cdc42 from D2R‐positive neurons in the CPu was sufficient to induce spine and behavior deficits similar to those observed in parkinsonian mice. Overall, our results indicate that impaired Cdc42 signaling regulated by D2R plays an important role in spine loss and behavioral deficits in PD.