bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Filterless ultra-narrow-band perovskite photodetectors with high external quantum efficiency based on the charge collection narrowing mechanism enabled by electron blocking/hole transport layer
Authors: Lu Xinmiao , Li Yiyuan , Zhang Yu , Gao Xiumin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Narrow-band perovskite photodetectors based on the charge collection narrowing (CCN) mechanism have developed rapidly owing to their narrow-band spectral response in the visible and near-infrared range. However, they face problems such as low external quantum efficiency (EQE) and an insufficiently narrow bandwidth. To solve these problems, a new method that uses the barrier effect between the electron blocking/hole transport layer and the perovskite absorption layer is proposed to realize the CCN mechanism. Based on this new method, a new narrow-band perovskite photodetector is designed. In the device, the electron blocking/hole transport layer plays the dual role of blocking the transport of photogenerated electrons in perovskite absorber layer-1 to the cathode and promoting the transport of photogenerated holes in perovskite absorber layer-2 to the anode. By changing the thickness of the perovskite absorber layer, an ultra-narrow-band perovskite photodetector with a full width at half maximum of 9 nm was finally realized. The simulation results showed that the peak EQE of the device with the optimal performance under zero bias was as high as 59.13%, and the spectral responsivity reached as high as 0.376 A W−1. Both of these metrics were higher than those of other existing narrow-band perovskite photodetectors based on the CCN mechanism.
Application status of zeolitic imidazolate framework in gas sensors
Authors: Huang Bo , Li Yanqiong , Zeng Wen 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In recent years, metal organic frameworks (MOFs) have become emerging materials. Their applications in various fields are increasingly reported due to their special structure and excellent physical and chemical properties. Zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) is a sub-system of MOF with good stability and similar structure to conventional type of zeolites. A variety of ZIF crystals have been obtained by adjusting metal ions as well as organic ligands. Through investigation, we found that the literature on gas sensing mainly focuses on the complexes of ZIF-8 and derivatives of ZIF-67, and there were also some reports on the application of other ZIF materials in gas response. In this paper, the reports of ZIF materials in the direction of gas sensing in recent years are summarized. By summarizing and considering the existing studies, it can help us better understand the current progress and limitations of ZIF materials in the development of gas sensing, and provide some possible development directions or ideas for the future development of ZIF materials.
Extreme undersaturation in the intercellular airspace of leaves: a failure of Gaastra or Ohm?
Authors: Rockwell Fulton E , Holbrook N Michele , Jain Piyush , Huber Annika E , Sen Sabyasachi , Stroock Abraham D 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background
Recent reports of extreme levels of undersaturation in internal leaf air spaces have called into question one of the foundational assumptions of leaf gas exchange analysis, that leaf air spaces are effectively saturated with water vapour at leaf surface temperature. Historically, inferring the biophysical states controlling assimilation and transpiration from the fluxes directly measured by gas exchange systems has presented a number of challenges, including: (1) a mismatch in scales between the area of flux measurement, the biochemical cellular scale and the meso-scale introduced by the localization of the fluxes to stomatal pores; (2) the inaccessibility of the internal states of CO2 and water vapour required to define conductances; and (3) uncertainties about the pathways these internal fluxes travel. In response, plant physiologists have adopted a set of simplifying assumptions that define phenomenological concepts such as stomatal and mesophyll conductances.

Scope
Investigators have long been concerned that a failure of basic assumptions could be distorting our understanding of these phenomenological conductances, and the biophysical states inside leaves. Here we review these assumptions and historical efforts to test them. We then explore whether artefacts in analysis arising from the averaging of fluxes over macroscopic leaf areas could provide alternative explanations for some part, if not all, of reported extreme states of undersaturation.

Conclusions
Spatial heterogeneities can, in some cases, create the appearance of undersaturation in the internal air spaces of leaves. Further refinement of experimental approaches will be required to separate undersaturation from the effects of spatial variations in fluxes or conductances. Novel combinations of current and emerging technologies hold promise for meeting this challenge.
Quality and Vitality of Autologous Fat Grafts Harvested by Different Techniques: A Clinical Comparison Study
Authors: Luze Hanna , Einsiedler Johanna , Nischwitz Sebastian Philipp , Winter Raimund , Kolb Dagmar , Kamolz Lars-Peter , Kotzbeck Petra , Rappl Thomas 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background
Unpredictable outcomes with autologous fat grafting due to reabsorption processes present a major challenge for healthcare providers and patients. A higher number of viable adipocytes is considered to result in a higher volume being retained. Although various adverse factors have been extensively researched, other potential parameters have been less investigated or even neglected.

Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate the harvesting process of adipose tissue as the primary cause of cell damage and to determine the risk factors associated with low cell survival.

Methods
Thirty-nine male and female subjects undergoing planned elective liposuction or abdominoplasty were enrolled. Forty-seven lipoaspirates harvested by different liposuction techniques were analyzed. RNA isolation and real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to elucidate differences in the expression of various adipocyte markers. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy was performed on various samples to determine the cell damage caused by the different techniques.

Results
A statistically significant lower expression of peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor γ was detected in subjects with a higher BMI. A trend towards a lower expression of perilipin 1 in lipoaspirates harvested by a super wet + ultrasound technique, compared with dry and super wet techniques, was shown. The lowest level of cell damage determined from scanning electron microscopy images was in lipoaspirates harvested by the super wet + ultrasound technique, and this level was statistically significantly different from those obtained by the 2 other techniques.

Conclusions
Optimization of the outcome in autologous fat grafting may be feasible by targeting and optimizing the harvesting process as a main risk factor for impaired adipocyte viability. Ultrasound-assisted liposuction might be considered a suitable harvesting technique.

Level of Evidence: 5
Approaching the Colonial
Authors: Shaw Ian 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Notwithstanding the frequency with which the word ‘colonial’ and its variants occur in social work writing, it is treated with a curious lack of inspection and reflection. I will critically assess how social work writing has dealt with the colonial in the light of recent work in the field, before drawing several inferences. I will put forward a series of arguments as to useful ways of considering the nature and significance of late colonialism for social welfare, primarily but not only in countries formerly part of the British Empire in Singapore and Southeast Asia. I will suggest the need for a scholarship for imperial social work. In an endeavour to suggest an agenda for work in this area, and for its consequences for further arguments regarding ‘late colonialism’, I will signal the relevance of mutual influences between colonies and the metropole; the inter-relation of war and welfare; the role of central and colonial government officials; the significance of work by imperial anthropologists; women in late colonial social welfare; and the meaning of nation-building as part of late and post-colonial welfare programmes.
RFC1 nonsense and frameshift variants cause CANVAS: clues for an unsolved pathophysiology
Authors: Benkirane Mehdi , Da Cunha Dylan , Marelli Cecilia , Larrieu Lise , Renaud Mathilde , Varilh Jessica , Pointaux Morgane , Baux David , Ardouin Olivier , Vangoethem Charles , Taulan Magali , Daumas Duport Benjamin , Bergougnoux Anne , Corbillé Anne-Gaelle , Cossée Mireille , Juntas Morales Raul , Tuffery-Giraud Sylvie , Koenig Michel , Isidor Bertrand , Vincent Marie-Claire 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Cerebellar ataxia, neuropathy and vestibular areflexia syndrome (CANVAS) is an inherited late-onset neurological disease caused by bi-allelic AAGGG pentanucleotide expansions within intron 2 of RFC1. Despite extensive studies, the pathophysiological mechanism of these intronic expansions remains elusive.
We screened by clinical exome sequencing two unrelated patients presenting with late-onset ataxia. A repeat-primer polymerase chain reaction was used for RFC1 AAGGG intronic expansion identification. RFC1 mRNA expression was assessed by quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction.
We identified the first two CANVAS affected patients who are compound heterozygous for RFC1 truncating variants (p.Arg388* and c.575delA, respectively) and a pathological AAGGG expansion. RFC1 expression studies in whole blood showed a significant reduction of RFC1 mRNA for both patients compared to three patients with bi-allelic RFC1 expansions.
In conclusion, this observation provides clues that suggest bi-allelic RFC1 conditional loss-of-function as the cause of the disease.
Molecular stratification of arrhythmogenic mechanisms in the Andersen Tawil syndrome
Authors: Moreno-Manuel Ana Isabel , Gutiérrez Lilian K , Vera-Pedrosa María Linarejos , Cruz Francisco Miguel , Bermúdez-Jiménez Francisco José , Martínez-Carrascoso Isabel , Sánchez-Pérez Patricia , Macías Álvaro , Jalife José 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAndersen-Tawil syndrome (ATS) is a rare inheritable disease associated with loss-of-function mutations in KCNJ2, the gene coding the strong inward rectifier potassium channel Kir2.1, which forms an essential membrane protein controlling cardiac excitability. ATS is usually marked by a triad of periodic paralysis, life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias and dysmorphic features, but its expression is variable and not all patients with a phenotype linked to ATS have a known genetic alteration. The mechanisms underlying this arrhythmogenic syndrome are poorly understood. Knowing such mechanisms would be essential to distinguish ATS from other channelopathies with overlapping phenotypes and to develop individualized therapies. For example, the recently suggested role of Kir2.1 as a countercurrent to sarcoplasmic calcium reuptake might explain the arrhythmogenic mechanisms of ATS and its overlap with catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia. Here we summarize current knowledge on the mechanisms of arrhythmias leading to sudden cardiac death in ATS. We first provide an overview of the syndrome and its pathophysiology, from the patient’s bedside to the protein and discuss the role of essential regulators and interactors that could play a role in cases of ATS. The review highlights novel ideas related to some post-translational channel interactions with partner proteins that might help define the molecular bases of the arrhythmia phenotype. We then propose a new all-embracing classification of the currently known ATS loss-of-function mutations according to their position in the Kir2.1 channel structure and their functional implications. We also discuss specific ATS pathogenic variants, their clinical manifestations, and treatment stratification. The goal is to provide a deeper mechanistic understanding of the syndrome toward the development of novel targets and personalized treatment strategies.
Teacher Effectiveness and Classroom Composition: Understanding Match Effects in the Classroom
Authors: Aucejo Esteban , Coate Patrick , Fruehwirth Jane Cooley , Kelly Sean , Mozenter Zachary 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This paper provides evidence of match effects in the teacher labour market by considering how teacher effectiveness varies by classroom composition. We combine random assignment of teachers with rich measures of teaching practices based on a popular teacher-evaluation protocol to overcome endogeneity challenges. We find significant complementarities between teaching practice and classroom composition for maths achievement. We use these estimates to simulate the effects of reallocating classrooms among teachers within schools and find substantial differences between counterfactual and actual teacher effectiveness rankings. These findings support the importance of classroom composition for key teacher-related policies, including teacher allocations, accountability and training.
The global seismographic network reveals atmospherically coupled normal modes excited by the 2022 Hunga Tonga eruption
Authors: Ringler A T , Anthony R E , Aster R C , Taira T , Shiro B R , Wilson D C , De Angelis S , Ebeling C , Haney M , Matoza R S , Ortiz H D 
Published: July 2022

SUMMARY
The eruption of the submarine Hunga Tonga-Hunga Haʻapai (Hunga Tonga) volcano on 15 January 2022, was one of the largest volcanic explosions recorded by modern geophysical instrumentation. The eruption was notable for the broad range of atmospheric wave phenomena it generated and for their unusual coupling with the oceans and solid Earth. The event was recorded worldwide across the Global Seismographic Network (GSN) by seismometers, microbarographs and infrasound sensors. The broad-band instrumentation in the GSN allows us to make high fidelity observations of spheroidal solid Earth normal modes from this event at frequencies near 3.7 and 4.4 mHz. Similar normal mode excitations were reported following the 1991 Pinatubo (Volcanic Explosivity Index of 6) eruption and were predicted, by theory, to arise from the excitation of mesosphere-scale acoustic modes of the atmosphere coupling with the solid Earth. Here, we compare observations for the Hunga Tonga and Pinatubo eruptions and find that both strongly excited the solid Earth normal mode 0S29 (3.72 mHz). However, the mean modal amplitude was roughly 11 times larger for the 2022 Hunga Tonga eruption. Estimates of attenuation (Q) for 0S29 across the GSN from temporal modal decay give Q = 332 ± 101, which is higher than estimates of Q for this mode using earthquake data (Q = 186.9 ± 5). Two microbarographs located at regional distances (&lt;1000 km) to the volcano provide direct observations of the fundamental acoustic mode of the atmosphere. These pressure oscillations, first observed approximately 40 min after the onset of the eruption, are in phase with the seismic Rayleigh wave excitation and are recorded only by microbarographs in proximity (&lt;1500 km) to the eruption. We infer that excitation of fundamental atmospheric modes occurs within a limited area close to the site of the eruption, where they excite select solid Earth fundamental spheroidal modes of similar frequencies that are globally recorded and have a higher apparent Q due to the extended duration of atmospheric oscillations.
Correlation of femoral version measurements between computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging studies in patients presenting with a femoroacetabular impingement-related complaint
Authors: Goldsmith Campbell , Cheng Jennifer , Mintz Douglas , Moley Peter 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTComputed tomography (CT) is considered the gold standard for femoral version measurement. However, recent data have shown magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as another modality to measure femoral version. This study aimed to correlate MRI and CT femoral version measurements in patients presenting with a femoroacetabular impingement (FAI)-related complaint. Patients (18–35 years old) who presented to the hip preservation clinic and radiology department with a suspected FAI diagnosis from 26 December 2018 to 4 March 2020 were included. All patients had a CT and MRI of the hip, with images including both hips and knees, as per our institution’s protocol for possible hip preservation surgery. Patients were excluded if they were missing views of the knees, or if they had a history or imaging appearance of any condition affecting femoral version at the femoral head (e.g. slipped capital femoral epiphysis). Femoral version was measured by three reviewers. Fifty-eight patients were included, and 36 (62%) were female. Femoral version averaged 6.1° ± 11.8° on CT and 6.5° ± 10.8° on MRI. A strong positive correlation was reported between the two imaging modalities (r: 0.81; P &lt; 0.001). Inter-rater reliability among the three reviewers was excellent and statistically significant for measurements on both MRI [intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC): 0.95; 95% CI: 0.85, 0.99; P &lt; 0.001] and CT (ICC: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.92, 0.99; P &lt; 0.001). Our finding suggests that MRI is a sufficient method for measuring femoral version to determine disease etiology and treatment progression. To avoid exposing patients to ionizing radiation, physicians should not obtain CT scans to evaluate femoral version.
An X-ray view of the ambiguous nuclear transient AT2019pev
Authors: Yu Zhefu , Kochanek C S , Mathur S , Auchettl K , Grupe D , Holoien T W-S 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
AT2019pev is a nuclear transient in a narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy at z = 0.096. The archival ultraviolet, optical, and infrared data showed features of both tidal disruption events and active galactic nuclei (AGNs), and its nature is not fully understood. We present detailed X-ray observations of AT2019pev taken with Swift, Chandra, and NICER over 173 d of its evolution since the first Swift XRT epoch. The X-ray luminosity increases by a factor of 5 in 5 d from the first Swift XRT epoch to the light-curve peak. The light curve decays by a factor of 10 over ∼75 d and then flattens with a weak re-brightening trend at late times. The X-ray spectra show a ‘harder-when-brighter’ trend before peak and a ‘harder-when-fainter’ trend after peak, which may indicate a transition of accretion states. The archival ground-based optical observations show similar time evolution as the X-ray light curves. Beyond the seasonal limit of the ground-based observations, the Gaia light curve is rising towards an equally bright or brighter peak 223 d after the optical discovery. Combining our X-ray analysis and archival multiwavelength data, AT2019pev more closely resembles an AGN transient.
Uncovering translation roadblocks during the development of a synthetic tRNA
Authors: Prabhakar Arjun , Krahn Natalie , Zhang Jingji , Vargas-Rodriguez Oscar , Krupkin Miri , Fu Ziao , Acosta-Reyes Francisco J , Ge Xueliang , Choi Junhong , Crnković Ana , Ehrenberg Måns , Puglisi Elisabetta Viani , Söll Dieter , Puglisi Joseph 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Ribosomes are remarkable in their malleability to accept diverse aminoacyl-tRNA substrates from both the same organism and other organisms or domains of life. This is a critical feature of the ribosome that allows the use of orthogonal translation systems for genetic code expansion. Optimization of these orthogonal translation systems generally involves focusing on the compatibility of the tRNA, aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase, and a non-canonical amino acid with each other. As we expand the diversity of tRNAs used to include non-canonical structures, the question arises as to the tRNA suitability on the ribosome. Specifically, we investigated the ribosomal translation of allo-tRNAUTu1, a uniquely shaped (9/3) tRNA exploited for site-specific selenocysteine insertion, using single-molecule fluorescence. With this technique we identified ribosomal disassembly occurring from translocation of allo-tRNAUTu1 from the A to the P site. Using cryo-EM to capture the tRNA on the ribosome, we pinpointed a distinct tertiary interaction preventing fluid translocation. Through a single nucleotide mutation, we disrupted this tertiary interaction and relieved the translation roadblock. With the continued diversification of genetic code expansion, our work highlights a targeted approach to optimize translation by distinct tRNAs as they move through the ribosome.
Stopping Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV) After Defeating Poliomyelitis in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Harmful Unintended Consequences? Review of the Nonspecific Effects of OPV
Authors: Aaby Peter , Nielsen Sebastian , Fisker Ane B , Pedersen Line M , Welaga Paul , Hanifi Syed M A , Martins Cesario L , Rodrigues Amabelia , Chumakov Konstantin , Benn Christine S 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background
The live vaccines bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) and measles vaccine have beneficial nonspecific effects (NSEs) reducing mortality, more than can be explained by prevention of tuberculosis or measles infection. Live oral polio vaccine (OPV) will be stopped after polio eradication; we therefore reviewed the potential NSEs of OPV.

Methods
OPV has been provided in 3 contexts: (1) coadministration of OPV and diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) vaccine at 6, 10, and 14 weeks of age; (2) at birth (OPV0) with BCG; and (3) in OPV campaigns (C-OPVs) initiated to eradicate polio infection. We searched PubMed and Embase for studies of OPV with mortality as an outcome. We used meta-analysis to obtain the combined relative risk (RR) of mortality associated with different uses of OPV.

Results
First, in natural experiments when DTP was missing, OPV-only compared with DTP + OPV was associated with 3-fold lower mortality in community studies (RR, 0.33 [95% confidence interval {CI}, .14–.75]) and a hospital study (RR, 0.29 [95% CI, .11–.77]). Conversely, when OPV was missing, DTP-only was associated with 3-fold higher mortality than DTP + OPV (RR, 3.23 [95% CI, 1.27–8.21]). Second, in a randomized controlled trial, BCG + OPV0 vs BCG + no OPV0 was associated with 32% (95% CI, 0–55%) lower infant mortality. Beneficial NSEs were stronger with early use of OPV0. Third, in 5 population-based studies from Guinea-Bissau and Bangladesh, the mortality rate was 24% (95% CI, 17%–31%) lower after C-OPVs than before C-OPVs.

Conclusions
There have been few clinical polio cases reported in this century, and no confounding factors or bias would explain all these patterns. The only consistent interpretation is that OPV has beneficial NSEs, reducing nonpolio child mortality.
Tecovirimat for the Treatment of Human Monkeypox: An Initial Series From Massachusetts, United States
Authors: Matias Wilfredo R , Koshy Jacob M , Nagami Ellen H , Kovac Victor , Moeng Letumile R , Shenoy Erica S , Hooper David C , Madoff Lawrence C , Barshak Miriam B , Johnson Jennifer A , Rowley Christopher F , Julg Boris , Hohmann Elizabeth L , Lazarus Jacob E 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
A large, ongoing multicountry outbreak of human monkeypox has the potential to cause considerable morbidity and mortality. Therapeutics for the treatment of smallpox, a related Orthopoxvirus, may be used and affect the natural history of monkeypox. We present 3 patients from our hospitals treated with tecovirimat, a pan-Orthopoxvirus inhibitor currently available under an expanded access investigational new drug protocol for monkeypox.