bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resistance Exercise Machine within Lower Body Negative Pressure for Counteracting Effects of Microgravity
Authors: Dailey Christine M. , Reinholtz Charles , Russomano Thais , Schuette Michael , Baptista Rafael , Cambraia Rodrigo 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
Physiological deconditioning is a critical problem in space, especially during long-term missions. Resistance exercise, coupled with lower body negative pressure (LBNP), has been shown to be effective in counteracting some of the deconditioning related problems. This paper describes the development of a compact and effective resistance exercise machine that works within an existing environmentally controlled LBNP Box, and is designed to simulate both exercise and sitting, to decrease microgravity-induced deconditioning by simulating physiological and biomechanical features of upright exercise and daily activities. Theoretical calculations are carried out to determine whether kinematics, musculoskeletal loadings, and metabolic rate during supine exercise within the existing LBNP Box are similar to those of an upright posture in Earth gravity (1G).
Preliminary results show subjects that use the resistance machine presented in this paper will be able to elicit loads comparable to exercise on Earth, since the ground reaction forces are greater than their body weight (BW). The largest single-leg forces during resistance exercise are 1.16 BW (232 lbs) during supine position when γ, the angle between the horizontal and the ground pivot on the right side of the mechanism, equals 187 degrees and minimal at 0.68 BW (136 lbs) when γ equals 177 degrees. At the lowest setting of the machine, peak resistance of the foot pedal during the outward stroke is 196 lbf. This force, added to the force due to the 50 mmHg of negative differential pressure, gives a total force of 400 lb, which is 2 BW.
The results suggest that this machine can be used to collect and establish a database under both terrestrial conditions and microgravity environments, such as the International Space Station (ISS), to enhance medical researchers’ understanding of how LBNP paired with exercise impacts osteoporosis, orthostatic intolerance, and cardiovascular health.
Differing Responses in Growth and Spontaneous Mutation to Antibiotic Resistance in Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus epidermidis Cells Exposed to Simulated Microgravity
Authors: Fajardo-Cavazos Patricia , Narvel Raed , Nicholson Wayne L. 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
Bacteria of the genera Bacillus and Staphylococcus are frequent inhabitants of the International Space Station (ISS) and represent possible opportunistic pathogens. The effect of simulated microgravity on growth and the frequency of mutation to antibiotic resistance in the model surrogate organisms Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) were investigated. The test organisms were cultivated for six days in Rotating Wall Vessel (RWV) clinostats either in the vertical (simulated microgravity) or horizontal (1 g control) orientation. Parameters measured were: optical densities (ODs); viable counts; frequencies of resistance to rifampicin (RFM); and frequencies of double resistance to RFM and trimethoprim (TMP). The results indicated that the response to simulated microgravity differed in the two microorganisms. Both B. subtilis and S. epidermidis grew to higher ODs and cell numbers in simulated microgravity. However, the frequencies of mutation, both to RFM resistance and double resistance to RFM and TMP, were observed to increase significantly in simulated microgravity-grown B. subtilis but not in S. epidermidis.
Dissipation of spiroxamine residues in open field cucumber and dietary risk assessment
Authors: Malhat F. , Anagnostopoulos Ch. , El-Sayed S. , Shokr S. Abdelsalam 
Published: January 2022

Summary
Spiroxamine is one of the most used fungicides in the Mediterranean region, in significant uses such as open field cucumber. Residue trials in the Northern part of Egypt were conducted to investigate the dissipation of spiroxamine (SPX) in cucumbers according to the authorized Good Agricultural Practice (GAP) (1 × 75 g a.i. ha−1 at BBCH 85 to 89) and more critical use patterns. SPX was extracted from cucumbers using a modified QuEChERS protocol and residues were analyzed by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). The method was successfully validated with an LOQ of 0.001 mg kg−1. A steep decline of SPX residues in cucumbers fit a first-order decay process with a calculated t1/2 of approximately 2 days and almost complete degradation (99%) after 14 days. Chronic and acute exposure calculations were performed for cucumbers treated with SPX according to all tested GAPs employing two different approaches. In all cases a health risk after consumption of cucumbers was not identified.
Ready or not? Constructing the Monetary Union Readiness Index
Authors: Erhart Szilárd 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
While all EU Member States can join the group's monetary union, the euro area, some members are far more ready for the adoption and use of the single European currency. Here, we construct a new Monetary Union Readiness Index (MURI) for the EU Member States. The theoretical framework of the index is built on the economic theory of Optimal Currency Areas and EU regulations such as the Treaty and the Maastricht criteria, and the Regulation on the Macroeconomic Imbalance Procedure. The index measures (i) nominal convergence, (ii) real convergence, and (iii) macroeconomic stability. The MURI Index provides an easy to use real-time policy tool to evaluate both candidate and current euro area members. Hence, it complements, aggregates and communicates key information in annual convergence reports and in official statistics. Our evaluation finds that Austria, Finland, Denmark, Sweden and Germany showed the highest level of compliance with the different euro area criteria in 2018, while Greece, Cyprus, Romania, Spain, and Italy were the least compliant.
International Transmission of Conventional and Unconventional Monetary Policy and Financial Stress Shocks from the Euro Area to Russia
Authors: Dajčman Silvo , Kavkler Alenka , Merzlyakov Sergey , Pekarski Sergey E. , Romih Dejan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This paper studies the international transmission of the euro area´s monetary policy and financial stress to Russia. The results show that financial stress in the euro area damages Russian economic activity and stock prices, but not its trade balance. The contractionary euro area monetary policy shock decreases Russian GDP, leads to real appreciation of the euro against the Russian rouble, damages Russian stock prices, but does not significantly affect the trade balance between countries. We also found that the Central Bank of the Russian Federation adjusts to monetary policy shocks in the euro area.
Forensic Accounting vs Fraud examination: Roles, Importance and Differences
Authors: Tekavčič Metka , Damijan Sandra 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Fraud has existed throughout history. Yet, it is estimated that today's occurrence has a huge impact on global revenues, highlighting the importance of fraud examination and forensic accounting. Although the roles of the two disciplines appear to be similar (e.g. litigation support), they differ significantly in their objectives, with the goal of fraud auditing being to determine whether fraud has occurred and, if so, who is responsible. Forensic accounting has the additional objective of assessing the financial consequences and determining whether the allegations have a factual basis by analyzing the financial evidence.
Forensic Review of Financial Statements of Legal Entity Tuš-Trade
Authors: Isaković-Kaplan Ševala , Muratović-Dedić Ajla , Demirović Lejla , Pločo Selma 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Large corporate scandals in the US and Europe, from the early 21st century, such as Enron, Parmalat, WorldCom and many others, have seriously shaken public confidence in the auditors’ work. Consequently, many countries have recognized the need for introduce the forensic accounting as a more advanced and reliable form of protection against manipulative financial reporting by companies, and have completed the accounting profession with the forensic accountant title, as an active fighter against various types of frauds in companies.
Land Use Changes in the Alpine Tree Line Ecotone in the Hrubý Jeseník Mountains (Czech Republic)
Authors: Mackovčin Peter , Machar Ivo , Brus Jan , Žáková Barbora 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Currently, we expected a altitudinal shift of forest vegetation upward under predicted climate changes impacts to European mountains ecosystems. In this context can be very interesting, that changes in alpine tree line ecotone in high European mountains were induced by human activities relatively often also in history. Probably one of the most important driver in land-use changes in high mountains was grazing, which significantly have influenced both mountain spruce forests and open alpine grasslands in central-Europe. This paper deals with historical changes of land-use in Hruby Jesenik Mountains (Czech Republic) during 19th and 20th centuries. Results revealed consequences of former grazing in mountain grasslands above alpine tree line ecotone in the frame of land-use analyses based on historical maps and other sources. These results, based on historical data, support our better understanding to current dynamic changes in European mountain landscapes.
The Warta River with humanistic coefficient. Culture-forming functions of alcohol consumption in the riverside areas in Poznan
Authors: Wechta Przemysław 
Published: January 2022

Summary
The aim of the article is to apply the concept of the humanistic coefficient of Florian Znaniecki to the analysis of a specific legal and social situation that enabled the legal consumption of alcohol in the Warta areas in Poznan. They have gained a high spatial value, and this is not due to intentional investments or architectural changes, but thanks to the presence of people who create various types of social systems. Znaniecki’s humanistic coefficient turns out to be not only an important theoretical concept, but also a useful, still valid tool in empirical analysis. It brings a large dose of practical knowledge for different types of decision makers (re)organizing urban areas. The spatial value does not have to be directly proportional to the size of financial outlays.
The influence of Florian Znaniecki’s concepts and theories on the life of Polish social thought in relation to the elderly
Authors: Kawa Janusz 
Published: January 2022

Summary
This article discusses the theoretical foundations of developed theories and their impact on the lives of older people. In this context, it is particularly important to bring closer the sociological concepts of upbringing according to Florian Znaniecki, as well as the process of transmitting norms and values. According to Znaniecki’s thesis it is the elderly, through the experience and skills acquired in the course of life, who are able to adequately convey the necessary values and norms. Possessed skills, life competences and cultural resources make that the elderly become a life guide for the younger generation, so to speak, social leaders who are able to influence their pupils. Znaniecki’s concepts and theories contributed to the development of sociology. According to the researcher, upbringing, which takes into account both the roles and the importance of the elderly and their axiological messages, is aimed primarily at the proper shaping of the young individual so that he/she is able to independently perform the social tasks entrusted to him/her in the future.
Distance education of students with mild intellectual disabilities during the COVID-19 outbreak in the opinions of teachers
Authors: Buchnat Marzena , Jaskulska Sylwia , Jankowiak Barbara 
Published: January 2022

Summary
The text is a research report. The research aimed to diagnose and describe the distance education of students with mild intellectual disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic from the perspective of teachers. The study consisted of answering questions contained in a survey disseminated by the Internet. 114 correctly completed surveys were collected. In the light of the results, teachers are more convinced that it is possible to implement the core curriculum during distance education than the educational, and especially caring function of the school. Teachers also expressed the opinion that distance learning exacerbates rather than equalizes differences between students, which is particularly worrying for students with mild intellectual disabilities.
Environmental education in the Polish core curriculum
Authors: Kozłowska Agnieszka 
Published: January 2022

SummaryThe purpose of the study was an investigation on a content of the core curriculum in Poland, for kindergarten children (aged 3–6) and primary school students (aged 7–18), in reference to educational demands, created by the global ecological crisis. As a source of these demands, IPCC Assessments Reports on Climate Change and UN over-arching strategies for sustainability and environmental education were used, as well as the European Union green policies’ package (The European Green Deal). Poland, as a member of the EU and a party of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, is obliged to promote and implement “green” policies, through incorporation of them into national legislation and the state system of education.The analysis revealed in Polish core curriculum lack of content, connected with the global ecological crisis and climate change, as well as with strategies of combating them. This result shows a dramatic content gap in environmental education of Polish students, regardless the fact that ecology is a fundament of global and European developmental strategies. The responsibility for this situation is beard on decision makers for a state educational policy; in a context of Polish law, this is the Ministry of Education and the Minister for Education himself.
The Relationship between Homework and Motivation for Learning among Arab Elementary School Students in Israel
Authors: Atamna Jamila 
Published: January 2022

SummaryStudents, parents, teachers and researchers in the field of education disagree with each other about the contribution of homework in the overall student learning process. In particular, widespread criticism is directed at the emotional and cognitive load that homework imposes on the student, the considerable time they consume, and the disruption caused, according to the claim, to the social development of the student. This claim is supported by a series of empirical studies that have been carried out for decades, especially recently, in the world and in Israel. Nevertheless, the role that homework plays in the student learning process and their impact on other components of the student’s learning experience has never been studied in Arabic-speaking schools in the country.
اشتسهاد طريقة تعليم العربية في أفلام أحمد ابن حنبل بحسب يوتوب
Authors: Yunaldi Yunaldi 
Published: January 2022

Pilihan Media pembelajaran di zaman digitalisasi sangat banyak dan beragam bagi guru dan siswa. Youtube merupakan salah satu media pembelajaran yang dapat dijadikan pilihan untuk mempermudah guru mengajar menggunakan berbagai metode pembelajaran. Masalah utama penelitian ini adalah apa saja metode pembelajan bahasa yang digunakan dalam film ahmad bin hanbal di youtube. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menggabarkan metode pembelajan bahasa yang digunakan dalam film ahmad bin hanbal di youtube. Sementara metode penelitian yang penulis gunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kajian pustaka atau lebih di kenal dengan libreri reaseach dengan menganalisis konten yang terdapat dalam film ahmad bin hanbal di youtube. Hasil penelitian ini terdapat banyak metode pebelajaran bahasa arab yang di gunakan dalam film ahmad bin hanbal di youtube seperti metode qawaid tarjamah, metode langsung, metode dialog, diskusi, persentasi, tanya jawab, ceramah. Kesimpulan peneilitian ini adalah terdapat banyak metode yang bisa digunakan dalam mengajarkan bahasa arab melalui youtube.
The Effect of Nano-Zinc Oxide and Nano-Titanium Dioxide on Inhabitation of Ochratoxin A
Authors: Al-Saji Layla R. , Al-Nazzal Ahmed I. 
Published: January 2022

The experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Research Office in Baghdad during July 2020 to test the ability of nanomaterials (ZnO and TiO2) to inhibit ochratoxin A, which is produced by a number of microbiology (fungi) including: Aspergillus ochraceus, A. niger, ,A. steynii, A. carbonarius, Pencillume verrucosum and P. nordicum. The standard ochratoxin A, with known concentration, was treated with different concentrations of nanomaterials (20, 40, 60, and 80 ppm) and two different particle sizes of nanoparticles approximately (15 nm) and (70 nm) for each (ZnO) and TiO2; with 16 transactions. Through an examination of the HPLC, the results showed that all transactions led to a noticeable inhibition in the concentration of ochratoxin A, and the highest inhibition rate was for ZnO nanoparticles with particle-size (70 nm) and 80 ppm concentration, where the inhibition rate was 99%. In other hand, the TiO2 nanoparticles with particle-sized (70 nm) and the concentration (80 ppm) were followed by 95%.
Maltrato y autoestima de adolescentes Awajún de Chipe Cuzu, región Amazonas, Perú, 2021
Authors: Pasesku Petsayit Riomer , Landacay Laulate Taisia Marlith , Santillán Sánchez Zally 
Published: January 2022

<p>El objetivo de la presente investigación fue determinar la relación entre el maltrato y autoestima de adolescentes Awajún de Chipe Cuzu, región Amazonas, Perú, 2021. El enfoque fue cuantitativo, con un nivel relacional; de corte transversal y orientación explicativa. A 20 adolescentes Awajún, matriculados en el semestre académico 2021, se les aplicó el test de maltrato y el inventario de autoestima Forma Escolar Coopersmith, ambos fueron aplicados de forma presencial, donde los evaluados tuvieron que marcar las respuestas, el primer instrumento con 36 proposiciones que identificó los tipos de maltrato infantil, con 4 formas: maltrato infantil físico, maltrato infantil emocional o psicológico, maltrato infantil de desatención o negligencia y maltrato sexual, mientras que el segundo, con 58 proposiciones a las que se respondió con Sí o No, divido en 4 subescalas: área sí mismo, área social, área hogar y área. Encontrándose que, existe una correlación de r=-0.522 entre maltrato infantil y autoestima, de 20 adolescentes Awajún el 95% ha padecido de maltrato psicológico (19) y el 85% (17) poseen una autoestima promedio. Se concluyó que hay una relación significativa al 5 % entre maltrato y autoestima.</p>
CORRUPCIÓN Y DESARROLLO EN JUNIN. UN ENFOQUE MICROECONOMICO
Authors: Díaz Maravi Saúl Darío , Larrauri Rojas Manuel 
Published: January 2022

El trabajo analizó desde los agentes económicos, el nivel de corrupción que incide de manera directa en el proceso de desarrollo. Los objetivos fueron: Determinar en que medida los agentes económicos institucionales se encuentran en corrupción y como afecta al proceso de desarrollo, luego precisar cuales son los sectores más corruptos a nivel departamental. Es decir, cuanto más corrupto es una sociedad, mas atrasado se encuentra y esto se puede ver a nivel mundial, donde se puede observar que los países más pobres son los más corruptos. La hipótesis central fue que el departamento de Junín se encuentra con altos niveles de corrupción. En esta investigación descubrimos que no importa la ideología o el nivel de ingresos para que una persona se considere o cometa actos corruptos. Igual sin distinción de ideología o nivel de ingresos las personas son corruptas y más responde a un proceso cultural. Pero al mismo tiempo los sectores de mayores ingresos obtienen mayores beneficios en situaciones de alta corrupción como en el caso peruano y en el departamento de Junín. Y simultáneamente con estos niveles de corrupción aumenta la pobreza y se frena el proceso de desarrollo, por lo que se demostró la hipótesis encontrando que a Junín se le considera como “la capital de la corrupción” con un 12,5% de percepción de corrupción y gestión gubernamental, que representa el doble del promedio nacional.
VALIDACIÓN DE UNA TECNOLOGÍA APROPIADA PARA EL CULTIVO DE CAPULÍ (Physalis peruviana L.) PARA LAS CONDICIONES DEL VALLE DEL MANTARO
Authors: Marmolejo Gutarra Doris , Ramírez Valerio Edgar , Bullón Ames1 Juan 
Published: January 2022

Capulí (Physalis peruviana L.) especie nativa del Perú, cultivo restringido en huertos familiares, actualmente viene siendo revalorado por su calidad nutricional y medicinal. Muchas instituciones han tomado importancia por ser un cultivo potencial y alternativo para la población rural, y su gran adaptación a las condiciones ambientales del valle. El trabajo se desarrolló del 2000 al 2003, se consideró como factores en estudio: tipos de sustratos, densidad de siembra, tipos de tutores, usos y manejo agronómico. Los resultados obtenidos es como sigue: el sustrato compost destacó para rendimiento de frutos con 0,422 kg/planta, para distanciamientos ocupó el primer lugar la densidad 1,20 x 1,00 m con un rendimiento de 0,596 kg/planta, en el uso de tutores sobresalió la estaca individual con un rendimiento de 1,88 kg/parcela; según el resultado de la encuesta sobre el uso del capulí el 51% de la población en la margen izquierda lo destina al autoconsumo y el 37% como medicina natural; en la margen derecha un 50% para autoconsumo y el 37% como medicina natural. Como propuesta de solución al manejo agronómico y usos del capulí, se propone: utilizar una agricultura sostenible. Asimismo, promocionar el consumo en estado fresco y procesado, de esta manera obtener valor agregado.
EVALUACIÓN DE LA COMERCIALIZACIÓN DEL TANGELO (Citrus reticulata x Citrus paradasi) CON MANEJO POST COSECHA EN EL ANEXO DE SANTA ROSA DE CASHINGARI, SATIPO
Authors: Castro Garay Angélica , Acosta López Edgar Rafael 
Published: January 2022

Los factores que intervienen en la post cosecha del Tangelo son la organización, extensión agrícola, accesibilidad al crédito agrario y la
comercialización. El costo de producción promedio del Tangelo por hectárea sin post cosecha es de S/ 4 064,00 y la utilidad por campaña oscila entre S/ 818,00 a S/1 853,00 con una rentabilidad desde 20,54% hasta 44,68%. El costo de post cosecha promedio del Tangelo por hectárea es de S/18 912,00 con una utilidad desde S/ 4 999,00 hasta S/ 7 459,00 con una rentabilidad de 28,93% hasta 36,38% en la primera campaña. Para la segunda campaña la rentabilidad del tangelo con poscosecha se incrementó 61,49%. Durante el tratamiento post cosecha se obtiene: 5% de descarte, 30% de calidad primera, 45% de calidad segunda y 20% calidad tercera. La presentación del producto es en cajas de cartón corrugado de 40, 50 y 60 unidades según la calidad. Con la contrastación estadística se puede afirmar con 95% de seguridad que la rentabilidad es mayor en el Tangelo con post cosecha a partir de la segunda campaña. Se concluye que con la aplicación del tratamiento post cosecha en el Tangelo se logra incrementar la rentabilidad económica del agricultor el cual tendrá impacto en la ampliación de su frontera agrícola, alimentación, educación, vestimenta y salud.