bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Promoting Resilience: Measurement of Utu, Risk, Coping and Resilience Among Adolescents in Tanzania
Authors: Cherewick Megan , Dahl Ronald E. , Rubin Daphna , Leiferman Jenn A. , Njau Prosper F. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: Utu is a Kiswahili term with a long history of cultural significance in Tanzania. It conveys a value system of shared, collective humanity. While variants of Utu have been studied in other contexts, its constructs have never been defined and measured in Tanzania. The primary aim of this study was to develop a measure for Utu appropriate for children and adolescents and to explore its relationships with risk, coping strategies and resilience. Methods: This study collected survey data from adolescents from three districts in peri-urban Tanzania in two samples: 189 orphan adolescents ages 10-17 in May 2020 and 333 non-orphan adolescents ages 10-14 in August 2020. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to validate the hypothesized factor structure of the developed Utu measure. Then Utu was measured in relation to other variables including coping strategies, resilience, and adverse life experiences or risk using a structural equation. Results: The five dimensional constructs comprising the Utu measure, Resource Sharing, Group Solidarity, Respect and Dignity, Collectivity and Compassion demonstrated excellent fit and internal consistency among adolescents in this study. Positive, significant associations were found between the collective asset Utu, and internal assets (coping strategies). Coping strategies and Utu were both positively associated with intra/interpersonal and collective resilience. Utu was not significantly associated with adverse life experiences, age or gender. Conclusion: A five-dimensional measurement scale for Utu was validated in a sample of orphan and non-orphan adolescents in Tanzania. Utu is a collective asset associated with higher levels of reported resilience in both orphan and non-orphan adolescent populations in Tanzania. Promoting the collective asset of Utu may be an effective universal public health prevention approach. Implications for adolescent programming are discussed.
Individual participant data meta-analysis to compare EPDS accuracy to detect major depression with and without the self-harm item
Authors: Qiu Xia , Wu Yin , Sun Ying , Levis Brooke , Tian Jizhou , Boruff Jill , Cuijpers Pim , Ioannidis John , Markham Sarah , Ziegelstein Roy , Vigod Simone , Benedetti Andrea , Thombs Brett 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Item 10 of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) is intended to assess thoughts of intentional self-harm but may also elicit concerns about accidental self-harm. It does not specifically address suicide ideation but, nonetheless, is sometimes used as an indicator of suicidality. The 9-item version of the EPDS (EPDS-9), which omits item 10, is sometimes used in research due to concern about positive endorsements of item 10 and necessary follow-up. We assessed the equivalence of total score correlations and screening accuracy to detect major depression using the EPDS-9 versus full EPDS among pregnant and postpartum women. A medical librarian searched Medline, Medline In-Process and Other Non-Indexed Citations, PsycINFO, and Web of Science from database inception to October 3, 2018 for studies that administered the EPDS and conducted diagnostic classification for major depression based on a validated semi-structured or fully structured interview among women aged 18 or older during pregnancy or within 12 months of giving birth. We conducted an individual participant data meta-analysis. We calculated Pearson correlations with 95% prediction interval (PI) between EPDS-9 and full EPDS total scores using a random effects model. Bivariate random-effects models were fitted to assess screening accuracy. Equivalence tests were done by comparing the confidence intervals (CIs) around the pooled sensitivity and specificity differences to the equivalence margin of δ = 0.05. Individual participant data were obtained from 41 eligible studies (10,906 participants, 1,407 major depression cases). The correlation between EPDS-9 and full EPDS scores was 0.998 (95% PI 0.991, 0.999). For sensitivity, the EPDS-9 and full EPDS were equivalent for cut-offs 7 to 12 (difference range − 0.02, 0.01) and the equivalence was indeterminate for cut-offs 13 to 15 (all differences − 0.04). For specificity, the EPDS-9 and full EPDS were equivalent for all cut-offs (difference range 0.00, 0.01). The EPDS-9 performs similarly to the full EPDS.
Genome, biology and stability of the Thurquoise Phage - a new virus from the Bastillevirinae subfamily
Authors: Węglewska Martyna , Barylski Jakub , Wojnarowski Filip , Nowicki Grzegorz , Łukaszewicz Marcin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

BackgroundBacteriophages from the Bastillevirinae subfamily have proven effective against bacteria from the Bacillus genus including organisms from B. cereus group which causes food poisoning and persistent contamination of industrial installations. However, successful application of these phages in biocontrol depends on understanding of their biology and stability in different environments.MethodsIn this study we isolated a novel virus from the garden soil in Wrocław (Poland) and named it Thurquoise. Genome of the phage was sequenced using Illumina technology and assembled as a single continuous contig that represents consensus result of different assembly algorithms. Its morphology was determined using Cryo-EM imaging while the dynamics of replication by turbidimetric lysis assay. We also determined phage host range in the efficiency of plating (EOP) assay. Finally, the stability of the Thurquoise was tested by long term incubation in buffers containing different ions (Mg2+, Ca2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, K+, Co2+, Fe3+, Cs+) and freezing with various cryoprotectants (glycerol, gelatin, saccharose, trehalose).ResultsWe present a complete, carefully annotated genome of the Thurquoise phage with 226 identified protein genes and 18 tRNAs. The complex virion structure of this phage is typical for the Bastillevirinae family. Confirmed hosts include selected bacteria from the Bacillus cereus group - specifically B. thuringiensis and B. mycoides. Latent and eclipse periods of Thurquoise in the isolation host last ~40 min and ~50 min respectively. The phage remains viable for more than 8 weeks in variants of SM buffer with magnesium, calcium, cesium, manganese or potassium and can withstand numerous freeze-thaw cycles if protected by the addition of 15% glycerol or, to a lesser extent, 2% gelatin.ConclusionThe Thurquoise phage is the exemplar of the new candidate species in Caruleovirus genus in the Bastillevirinae subfamily of the Herelleviridae family with genome, morphology and biology typical for these taxa.With proper buffer formulation, this virus (and likely related phages) can be safely stored in common freezers and refrigerators for a considerable time.
Genetic polymorphism detection in semi-domesticated perennial cotton (Gossypium ssp.) using an ISSR marker system and its application for molecular interspecific differentiation
Authors: Araújo Fernando dos Santos , Bruno Riselane de Lucena Alcântara , Arriel Nair Helena Castro , de Medeiros Everaldo Paulo , de Lima Liziane Maria , de Souza Mayara Andrade , de Andrade Alberício Pereira , Silva Richeliel Albert Rodrigues , Felix Francival Cardoso , Belarmino Karialane da Silva 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background The perennial cotton species Gossypium hirsutum L. r. marie-galante Hutch. and Gossypium barbadense L. are sources of variability for creating modern cotton varieties. However, these species are similar in shape and easily confused in young stages of their life, leading to difficulties in identification based on their morphology. Thus, in this study, an Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) marker system was used as a measure of genetic differentiation among 28 genotypes of perennial cotton from a Brazilian collection. Methods and Results A set of eleven ISSR primers yielded 101 bands, of which 48 (47.5%) were polymorphic. The mean values of polymorphism information content (PIC=0.304) and polymorphism (P=45.8%) showed that the ISSR primers are moderately informative. The ISSR markers exposed the high genetic differentiation (GST = 0.598) and a low level of gene flow (Nm = 0.338) between species, which suggests a pattern of reproductive isolation. The Cluster Analysis, based on Nei's genetic identity, clustered the 28 genotypes into two groups consistent with the taxonomical delimitation, occurrence mode (semi-domesticated and improved types) and partial concordance with geographic origin. Bayesian model-based structural analysis also suggests the existence of two genetic groups (Delta K = 2) and high membership likelihood (Q>0.98). Conclusions The ISSR marker system offers a new molecular approach to differentiate the G. hirsutum L. r. marie-galante and G. barbadense L. species. This study can expand the molecular marker resources for the identification and improvement of our knowledge about the genetic relationships between perennial cotton genotypes from Brazilian collections.
Prediction of acute ischemic stroke incidence rate by serum uric acid level for low-risk population in men
Authors: Bian chunhua , Xue Hongmei , Xie Ying , Zhao Xiaopeng , Ren Yuwei , Du Hongzhen , Song Shiming , Wang Haiyue , Zhai Yijing , Hu Huanyu , Luo Bin , Li Zengning 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background We aimed to investigate the relationship between serum uric acid (SUA) and the severity of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients and the ability of different SUA levels to predict the risk of developing AIS in patients. Methods This hospital-based case-control study comprised 422 study subjects. Questionnaires and serological tests were used to obtain subgroups of study subjects (160 patients with AIS, 169 low-risk control and 93 high-risk control) and biochemical indicators. Random forest algorithms and logistic regression were used to obtain factors influencing AIS. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to predict the risk and severity of SUA on the occurrence of AIS in study subjects. Result After removing the known high-risk factors of AIS, the influence of SUA on the incidence rate of AIS ranked fifth in the total population, eighth in the male population, and tenth in the female population. Multiple logistic regression results revealed that in the male and female population, the risk of AIS was higher in high-risk controls with higher SUA levels than in low-risk controls. (male: p < 0.001 medium: OR (95% CI) = 1.13 (0.52–2.49); high: OR (95% CI) = 1.02 (0.43–2.41):female: p < 0.001 medium: OR (95% CI) = 5.83 (1.14–29.77); high: OR (95% CI) = 8.76 (1.73–44.26)). ROC curve results revealed that the ability of SUA level to predict AIS was statistically significant in male. (low-risk: AUC = 0.618, 95% CI (0.551–0.692); high-risk: AUC = 0.602, 95% CI (0.514–0.690); low-risk + high-risk: AUC = 0.621, 95% CI (0.528–0.708)). Conclusion Compared with female serum uric acid content, male serum uric acid content is more valuable in predicting AIS, and male uric acid content has better effect in predicting AIS incidence rate in low-risk population.
Fluorouracil modulates the genome of HCT116 colorectal cancer cells as revealed by whole exome sequencing
Authors: Sabit Hussein , Alshammari Thamer , Almofty Sarah 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The Cancer mortality rate has globally increased by almost 40% over the past four decades. The mortality is expected to increase to 60% in the current decade, with an estimated death of 13 million cancer patients by 2030. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most frequent type of cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths for both sexes, worldwide. Since CRC accounts for 10% of the most diagnosed types of cancer, there is an urgent need for developing treatment plans. In the present study, human colorectal carcinoma cells (HCT116) were challenged with and 5-fluorouracil (5 either alone or synergized by 5-Aza cytidine (5-Aza) at a final concentration of 5 µM. MTT, wound healing assay, and colony formation assays were performed to assess the cell viability, migration, and proliferation. Data indicated significant reductions in the viability of the 5-FU-treated cells synergized by 5-Aza compared to the monotherapy of both drugs. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed to assess the genetic changes after treatments. Results showed that 5-FU treatment significantly reduced the total number/type of SNPs of HCT116 cells, from 249,448 to 4,213 SNPs, with 3,521 novel SNPs. In conclusion, 5-Aza synergizes the effect of 5-FU by sensitizing HCT116; therefore, this combination could be optimal as a therapeutic option for CRC. Although these findings were promising, it needs further investigation at the pre-clinical and clinical levels.
Rapid Real-time Viral Load Estimation Technique for chilli leaf curl virus and its validation in different chilli genotypes from Eastern Himalayan Plains.
Authors: Kumar Jammugani Vinod , Sil Poulami , Ghosh Srinjoy , Das Arindam , Ray Soham , Mondal Debayan , Mandal Somnath , Choudhury Ashok , Pandit Goutam Kumar , Sahana Nandita 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Chilli leaf curl virus is one of the most devastating virus infecting chilli crops in India. Management of chilli leaf curl disease largely relies on early detection and quantification of the virus. In the present study different Open Reading Frames from chilli leaf curl virus from sub-Himalayan Terai region were cloned, sequenced and submitted in NCBI database with accession number MN851261, MN857412, and MN857413. Comparison of these gene sequences with previously reports revealed that chilli leaf curl virus coochbehar strain exhibits 90–92% similarity with tomato leaf curl joydebpur virus and pepper leaf curl Bangladesh virus. Using these sequence primers were designed from the unique AV2 region of the chilli leaf curl virus coochbehar strain and a SYBR based Rapid Real-time Viral Load estimation (ReViLeR) technique was developed to quantify the virus directly from extracts of infected leaf samples. Seventeen chilli genotypes were evaluated for virus accumulation with ‘ReViLeR’ method after challenge inoculation with chilli leaf curl virus. Traditional landraces like Chuapara, Line boya and White chilli were found to have highest viral titer (36659, 22909 and 25195 viral copies per genomic unit (GU) respectively). On the other hand, from the genotypes like Micro, Pusa Sadabahar, Dalle Khursani no virus was detected. Higher viral load in the susceptible genotypes manifested severe leaf curl symptoms whereas resistant genotypes with no detectable viral load remained healthy. The sensitivity of the newly developed ReViLeR technique was found up to 83% in rapid detection of chilli leaf curl virus.
Identification of QTLs and heterosis loci for grain shape using single segment substitution lines in rice ( Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Wang Xiaoling , Peng Zhiqin , Luo Xin , Tang Shusheng , Wang Zhiquan , Zhao Hui , Xia Qiyu , Yu Chuanyuan , Xiao Yulong 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
QTL and HQTL (heterosis QTL) of grain shape are two important components for grain yield and influence the end-use rice quality. However, limited QTLs of grain shape were detected, with only a few applied in production. In this study, 54 QTLs of grain shape were detected on 10 chromosomes over 2 years,twenty-three of which showing positive additive genetic effects, including some QTLs that were newly found and with large positive effect such as qHGW4-1,qHGW4-2 and qHGW10-2. 26 HQTLs of grain shape were probed, with eighteen of which providing positive dominance genetic effects. 33 QTLs of grain shape were mapped by linkage analysis. Most of grain shape QTLs have pleiotropic effects which control simultaneously the multiple appearance traits of the grain shape, for instance GL, GW, LWR, GS, GC, GR and TGW. Linkage mapping by F2 population deriving from sub-SSSLs further narrowed the interval containing qTGW10-3 down to about 75.124 kb between markers PSM169 and RM25753, where eight candidate genes were predicted. In this study, the finding of grain shape QTL will provide us greater insight into improving rice quality and grain yield in rice breeding.
A new data driven method for summarising multiple cause of death data
Authors: Dobson Annette , McElwee Paul , Baneshi Mohammad Reza , Eynstone-Hinkins James , Moran Lauren , Waller Michael 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

National mortality statistics are based on a single underlying cause of death. This practice does not adequately represent the impact of the range of conditions experienced in an ageing population in which multimorbidity is common. We propose a new method for calculating the percentages of deaths attributed to different causes that takes account of the patterns of associations among underlying and contributing causes of death. It is driven by the data and unlike previously proposed methods does not rely on arbitrary choices of weights which can over-emphasise the contribution of some causes of death. The method is illustrated using Australian mortality data for people aged 60 years or more. Compared to the usual method based only on the underlying cause of death the new method attributes higher percentages of deaths to conditions like diabetes and dementia that are frequently mentioned as contributing causes of death and lower percentages to conditions to which they are closely related such as ischaemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease. For some causes, notably cancers, which are usually recorded as underlying causes with few if any contributing causes the new method produces similar percentages to the usual method. These different patterns among groups of related conditions are not apparent if arbitrary weights are used. The new method does not greatly affect the rank order of conditions, confirming the validity of existing methods but it more adequately reflects the contributions of certain causes to overall mortality burden.
A hybrid unsupervised approach improved the representation of central visual field loss
Authors: Yoo Seungtae , Jin Sang Wook , Kim Jung Lim , Shin Jonghoon , Lee Seung Uk , Lee Jiwoong , Song Giltae 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Quantitative recognition of visual field loss is important for glaucoma patients and has implications for follow-up management. This study aimed to identify the characteristic patterns of 10 − 2 visual field (VF) test results and effectively express central VF loss using a machine learning approach.
Methods
We obtained 7,927 10 − 2 VF test data from 3,328 patients in five hospitals. We propose a hybrid approach that combines archetypal analysis (AA) and fuzzy c-means (FCM) to identify characteristic patterns and decompose VF without loss. To demonstrate the clinical usefulness of our approach, mean deviation (MD) change prediction was performed through supervised learning using decomposition coefficients change and a linear mixed model was performed to examine the relationship between the MD slope and baseline decomposition coefficients.
Results
We identified ten characteristic and representative archetypes (AT) for the central VF test results. FCM decomposition results outperformed the AA-only approach in MD change prediction based on mean squared error (MSE) and Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) prediction evaluation metrics (all P ≤ 0.039). In the linear mixed model, the FCM is more suitable in the prediction of MD slope compared with the AA model for both Akaike (AIC) and Bayes information criteria (BIC) (AIC decrease:20.31, BIC decrease:13.33). The FCM baseline coefficients of AT 3, and AT 4 were significantly associated with a faster MD slope (both P ≤ 0.026).
Conclusions
In this study, we used a hybrid approach of unsupervised learning to identify hidden aspects of central VF loss via a characteristic archetype and lossless decomposition. We believe that our approach can help discover hidden clinical features of glaucoma.
A Strep A vaccine demand and return on investment forecast to inform industry R&amp;D prioritization decisions
Authors: Walkinshaw Donald , Wright Meghan , Williams Marni , Scarapicchia Tanya , Excler Jean-Louis , Wiley Ryan , Mullin Anne 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Investment in Strep A vaccine R&D is disproportionately low relative to the large burden of Strep A diseases globally. This study presents a novel Strep A vaccine demand and financial forecast model with estimates of potential global demand and associated revenue and profits for a hypothetical Strep A vaccine as well as a net present value (NPV) analysis of return on capital investments required to develop the vaccine. A positive NPV was calculated for a variety of developer scenarios and target populations, including global rollout of the vaccine in private and public markets by a multinational pharmaceutical company and a staged rollout by a developing country vaccine manufacturer for both infant and child populations. The results suggest there is a viable commercial market for a Strep A vaccine. It is hoped that this study will help to inform industry decision-making and drive increased prioritization of, and investment in, Strep A vaccine R&D.
Evaluation of Sedimentary Basins For Hydrocarbon Exploration Using Aeromagnetic Data, Northwestern Sinai Peninsula, Egypt
Authors: Gaber Gaber Magdy 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The Sinai Peninsula's northwestern area has many structure patterns with different directions and strong variations in basement depth. This work aims to deduce the basement surface’s depth and sedimentary basin’s locations and evaluate the subsurface structural framework to determine the new concession for hydrocarbon exploration in the research area.Geophysical data used in this study compiled between total aeromagnetic intensity (TM) data and wells data as locations and depths were used in 2D magnetic profiles in basement depth determination. The technique used for magnetic data interpretation to determine basement depth and structures include; Reducing to the pole (RTP), Power spectrum (low and high pass filters to determine deep and shallow sources), and Centre for Exploration Targeting (CET) Grid analysis.Therefore, according to these results, the basement depths range from 1500 to 5000 meters and the area has two principal structural trends: NW-SE trends related to extensions that happened in the Delta belt (Hing line) north Pelusium line and NE-SW trends associated with the Syrian arch system compressional force south Pelusium line. The new concession for hydrocarbon exploration is represented in the northwestern part of the study area.