bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient aerobic oxidation of 5‐hydroxymethyl‐2‐furfural into 2, 5‐diformylfuran by Cu2V2O7‐Al2O3 spherical beads
Authors: Jia Chuanqi , Wang Kang , Feng Yi , Wang Xitao 
Published: January 2022

AbstractNovel copper pyrovanadate (Cu2V2O7)‐Al2O3 spherical beads were prepared by alginate‐assisted sol–gel method using ammonium vanadate, copper nitrate, and pseudo boehmite as precursors, characterized by X‐Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Transmission electron microscope (TEM), X‐ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Brunner−Emmet−Teller (BET), X‐Ray Fluorescence (XRF) and nitrogen adsorption–desorption technologies and used as catalysts for the selective oxidation of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to 2,5‐diformylfuran (DFF). The effects of calcination temperature on catalyst structure, morphology, and catalytic activity were investigated. The results showed that the formation of Cu2V2O7 crystalline phase at a high temperature can improve the catalyst activity significantly. Under the optimal reaction conditions, Cu2V2O7‐Al2O3‐700 exhibited an HMF conversion of 99.9% and DFF selectivity of 99.8%, respectively. After a five‐run recycling test, the activity of the catalyst can remain about 80%.
A survey of the uncinate bone and other poorly known ossicles associated with the lacrimal/ectethmoid complex of the avian skull
Authors: Mayr Gerald 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn several taxa of Neornithes (crown group birds), the lacrimal/ectethmoid complex exhibits small bones, the comparative osteology of which is poorly studied. Some of these ossicles—which are commonly known as uncinate bones (ossa uncinata or ossa lacrimopalatina)—were already described two centuries ago, but knowledge of their distribution and morphological variability in higher level clades is incomplete. In the present study, a detailed survey of the occurrence of uncinate bones is given, and these ossicles are for the first time reported in the gruiform Psophiidae, some Rallidae, and in the Otidiformes. Their presence in the latter taxon is of particular interest, because in current molecular analyses, the Otidiformes result as close relatives of the Musophagiformes, in which the uncinate bone is particularly large. The uncinate bones of most other neornithine clades, however, appear to have evolved multiple times independently through parallel evolution from the same ligamentous structures. A few earlier authors assumed that the uncinate bone is homologous to the ectopterygoid of non‐avian theropods. Although this remains a viable hypothesis, more data on the occurrence of the ectopterygoid in Mesozoic birds are needed for well‐supported conclusions. Here, it is noted that the ontogenetic development of the uncinate bone appears to be correlated with that of the ectethmoid, which is another bone in the skull of neornithine birds that is of unknown origin.
Technologies for valorization of municipal solid wastes
Authors: Ghumra Dishit P. , Rathi Ojaswi , Mule Tejal A. , Khadye Vishwanath S. , Chavan Anand , Barba Fernando Climent , Main Shilpa , Odaneth Annamma , Thorat Bhaskar N. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMunicipal solid waste (MSW) consists of the waste obtained from various sources like households, industries, municipalities and other commercial areas. Common landfill and incineration strategies are insufficient to process the waste generated on daily basis. Municipal solid waste contains significant amounts of organic carbon (50–60%) that has great potential for the production of fuels and value‐added products. This review discusses the composition of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) and waste processing strategies that enable organic carbon recovery compared with conventional methods. Changes in the composition of MSW worldwide and the factors influencing it in various regions are discussed in this study. The processing of diverse OFMSW through thermochemical methods such as incineration, gasification, pyrolysis, torrefaction and hydrothermal carbonization is discussed here with the results of densification or gasification of the organic carbon, enabling its chemical transformation. Additionally, the combined methods, where OFMSW is pre‐treated followed by enzymatic hydrolysis for the conversion of OFMSW to monomeric sugars have also been described. Globally, to ensure sustainable solid waste management and efficient carbon recycling, combined methodologies seem more appropriate. The study also attempts to list the different attempts across the globe that highlight this concept of the transformation of waste into materials and chemicals, improving its commercial value. The commercial success of such OFMSW processing attempts can provide momentum for establishing sustainable treatment technologies and reaping profits, laying the groundwork for a strong and complete carbon‐recycling environment and circular carbon‐based economy. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
State of the art of bone biomaterials and their interactions with stem cells: Current state and future directions
Authors: Shao Ruyi , Dong Yongqiang , Zhang Songou , Wu Xudong , Huang Xiaogang , Sun Bin , Zeng Bin , Xu Fangming , Liang Wenqing 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere has been a rapid increase in bone tissue regeneration since the concept of “tissue engineering.” Stem cell‐based biomaterials have revolutionized the field of tissue regeneration. Biomaterials play an essential part in bone regeneration through their crucial substratum for cell differentiation, cohesion, and proliferation by manipulating cells. Numerous studies have been carried out in order to create a biomaterial with diverse biological and physical characteristics. Furthermore, they developed a cell microenvironment with the desired pore magnitude to stimulate stem cells to transform them from artificial to biological microenvironments.Purpose and scopeThe current review aims to give a comprehensive overview of stem cells and biomaterials in bone tissue regeneration.SummaryInitially, bone biology and its interaction with stem cells and biomaterials are briefly explained. Following that, the behavior and mechanism of biomaterials influencing the stem cells during bone tissue regeneration are emphasized. Lastly, the future outlook for tackling the current challenges for designing biomaterials/stem cell materials for bone tissue engineering (TE) is discussed.ConclusionCompatible biomaterial for bone regeneration requires evaluating the structure, matrix, composition, flexibility, and nature of native bone tissue defects. The concept of TE offers a platform for designing biologically, physically, and chemically biocompatible biomaterials for stem cells to proliferate and differentiate. Currently, stem cells are increasingly used for TE with a promising outcome due to their self‐renewal and differentiation potential. Furthermore, they can secrete biological‐active compounds and modulate the fate and behavior of other cells in native tissues. Bone TE may flourish more rapidly and efficiently using stem cells.
Characterization of essential elements for improved episomal expressions in Kluyveromyces marxianus
Authors: Wu Pingping , Zhou Jungang , Yu Yao , Lu Hong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractKluyveromyces marxianus is a promising cell factory for producing heterologous proteins. Essential components including partition element, copy number control element, promoter, and terminator in multicopy plasmids applicable for K. marxianus are not extensively characterized. The pKD1 is an endogenous multicopy plasmid identified in K. lactis, and the pKD1‐based plasmid is the only multicopy plasmid successfully applied in K. marxianus. The circular plasmid pKD1 contains three major open reading frames, namely A, B, and C. Here, we showed that the A gene was responsible for maintaining the high‐copy number of pKD1‐based plasmid in K. marxianus. Deletion of the B or C gene impaired the stable propagation of pKD1‐based plasmid in K. marxianus, and this defect could not be rescued by the trans expression of B and C genes. In a quantitative analysis of a series of promoters and terminators, AFT1 promoter from Pichia pastoris, OM45 promoter and INU1 terminator from K. marxianus, and a set of synthetic terminators, supported high‐level expressions. A combination of AFT1 or OM45 promoter with INU1 terminator in a pKD1‐based plasmid achieved high‐level expressions of four different heterologous proteins. Our study provides valuable elements for high‐level episomal expressions in K. marxianus.
Cell fate‐inducing CARs orthogonally control multiple signaling pathways
Authors: Nakajima Kyoko , Nakabayashi Hideto , Kawahara Masahiro 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWhile chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) has been clinically applied in T cell‐mediated cancer therapy, CARs that combinatorially control general cell fates have yet to be practical. In this study, we aim to control multiple cell fates simultaneously by combinatorial activation of multiple cell fate‐inducing CARs (cfiCARs). We construct CARs that transduce two different signals using two antigen‐specific CARs. The CARs are co‐expressed pairwise on the cell surface to let the two antigens act alone or in combination, thus arbitrarily control multiple cell fates. We utilize signaling domains derived from natural receptors (gp130, receptor activator of nuclear factor κB [RANK], c‐Fms, and Fas) and tyrosine motif‐engineered artificial signaling domains that preferentially recruit target signaling molecules (Shc and STAT3) for inducing specific cell fates by the CARs. Consequently, the signaling molecules downstream of these receptors are activated orthogonally by the corresponding CAR‐specific antigens. Furthermore, two completely different cell fates (proliferation and death) are successfully controlled simultaneously or sequentially over time by adding the two antigens, demonstrating proliferation‐ and apoptosis‐inducing CARs (piCAR and aiCAR). Thus, cfiCARs will be applied for delineating the basic principle of cell fate control and improving the efficacy of cell therapy, which would significantly contribute to cell biology and future medicine.
Assessing the potential of Schizochytrium sp. HX‐308 for microbial lipids production from corn stover hydrolysate
Authors: Wang Ling‐Ru , Zhang Zi‐Xu , Wang Yu‐Zhou , Li Zi‐Jia , Huang Peng‐Wei , Sun Xiao‐Man 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSchizochytrium sp. has received increasing attention as promising commercial resource for the sustainable production of lipids, due to their fast growth rate and high lipid content. However, the price of glucose represents a significant proportion of the total substrate cost. Therefore, in this study, the lignocellulosic hydrolysate of corn stover hydrolysate (CSH) was used as low‐cost culture medium to replace glucose in Schizochytrium sp. fermentation. When Schizochytrium sp. HX‐308 was fermented with 20% glucose from CSH and 80% of glucose from pure glucose, the lipid production reached 21.2 g L−1, which is lower than that of using 100% of pure glucose. However, the shifts of fatty acid composition indicated that CSH has great potential to enhance the percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in total lipids. However, as the second largest carbon source in CSH, xylose was not utilized by the Schizochytrium sp. HX‐308, and further analysis showed that probably because it does not possess a functional xylulose kinase. In addition, the degradation products in lignocellulosic hydrolysate have a strong inhibitory effect on cell growth, so it is necessary to investigate the tolerance of Schizochytrium sp. HX‐308 to degradation products. Here, the effects of five typical degradation products on the growth and lipid synthesis were further investigated. Schizochytrium sp. HX‐308 showed good tolerance to furan derivatives and organic acids, but low tolerance to phenolic compounds. Furthermore, in order to improve the lipid accumulation using CSH, the two‐stage fermentation strategy was developed, resulting in a 54.8% increase compared to that of the one‐stage strategy. In summary, this study provides a reference for further fermentation engineering with cheap lignocellulosic biomass as substrate.
Improved synthesis of dietary triglycerides by using lipase supported on clay carriers
Authors: Pacheco Bruna Jeanne Soares , Domingues Otávio , Reina Mariana Prado , Neto Álvaro de Baptista , Andrade Grazielle Santos Silva , de Paula Ariela Veloso 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn the search for healthier and more functional foods, dietary triglycerides (TAGs) have played a prominent role in the food industry. The objective of this work was to evaluate new clay supports to immobilize lipase fromRhizopus oryzaeand use it in the synthesis of TAGs.Main methods and major resultsThe immobilization of lipase by physical adsorption was carried out, determining the hydrolytic activity, esterification, immobilization yield, thermal stability, and kinetic and thermodynamic parameters. Afterwards, acidolysis was carried out and the product characterized as to composition, acidity index (AI), peroxide index (PI), and analysis of the sn‐2 position. The mean hydrolytic activity of free lipase was 23,568.43 ± 559.20 U g−1and for lipase immobilized in acidified kaolin and diatomite, 1409.04 ± 51.07 and 1235.67 ± 9.56 U g–1; immobilization yield of 23.78% and 20.21% and esterification activity of 1827.99 and 1722.66 U g–1, respectively, maintaining more than 60% of the relative activity after 8 h of incubation at different temperatures. The reaction using the derivative immobilized in acidified diatomite resulted in the degree of incorporation (DI) 41.53% ± 3.99%.Conclusions and implicationsFrom the results, the potential of diatomite and kaolin as support in the immobilization of lipase for the synthesis of dietary TAGs was verified.
A computational learning paradigm to targeted discovery of biocatalysts from metagenomic data: A case study of lipase identification
Authors: Shahraki Mehdi F. , Atanaki Fereshteh F. , Ariaeenejad Shohreh , Ghaffari Mohammad R. , Norouzi‐Beirami Mohammad H. , Maleki Morteza , Salekdeh Ghasem H. , Kavousi Kaveh 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe growing adoption of enzymes as biocatalysts in various industries has accentuated the demand for acquiring access to the great natural diversity and, in the meantime, the advent and advancements of metagenomics and high‐throughput sequencing technologies have offered an unprecedented opportunity to explore this extensive resource. Lipases, enzymes responsible for the biological turnover of lipids, are among the most commercialized biocatalysts with numerous applications in different domains and therefore are of high industrial value. The relatively costly and time‐consuming wet‐lab experimental pipelines commonly used for novel enzyme discovery, highlight the necessity of agile in silico approaches to keep pace with the exponential growth of available sequencing data. In the present study, an in‐depth analysis of a tannery wastewater metagenome, including taxonomic and enzymatic profiling, was performed. Using sequence homology‐based screening methods and supervised machine learning‐based regression models aimed at prediction of lipases' pH and temperature optima, the metagenomic data set was screened for lipolytic enzymes, which led to the isolation of alkaline and highly thermophilic novel lipase. Moreover, MeTarEnz (metagenomic targeted enzyme miner) software was developed and made freely accessible (athttps://cbb.ut.ac.ir/MeTarEnz) as a part of this study. MeTarEnz offers several functions to automate the process of targeted enzyme mining from high‐throughput sequencing data. This study highlights the competence of computational approaches in exploring vast biodiversity within environmental niches, while providing a set of practical in silico tools as well as a generalized methodology to facilitate the sequence‐based mining of biocatalysts.
A novel fabrication process of up‐scalable microfiber‐shaped tendon‐like tissue with high cell density for uniformed macroscale assembly
Authors: Fukada Keisuke , Tachibana Koji , Kurashina Yuta , Kaneko Yosuke , Matsumoto Tatsuaki , Miyamoto Takeshi , Niki Yasuo , Nakamura Masaya , Onoe Hiroaki 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper describes up‐scalable microfiber‐shaped tissues for macroscale tendon tissue reconstruction in vitro. C3H10T1/2 cells were encapsulated in a calcium alginate hydrogel microfiber that was fabricated via a double coaxial microfluidic device. The C3H10T1/2 cells gradually merged to construct the microfiber‐shaped tendon‐like tissue. Our microfiber‐shaped tendon‐like tissues were alive and maintained their microfiber‐shaped morphology over 600 days. Immunostaining and real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses showed that our fabricated microfiber‐shaped tendon‐like tissue properly expressed tenomodulin and the orientation of the filaments of actin, which are one of the characteristics of tendon tissue in vivo. Furthermore, a macroscale tendon tissue assembly with ∼1 cm in length and ∼200 µm in thickness was successfully constructed by bundling the microfiber‐shaped tendon‐like tissues together. This feature enabled us to fabricate a macroscale tendon tissue with uniform cell distribution. We believe that our fabricated microfiber‐shaped tendon‐like tissue would be a suitable strategy to reconstruct tendon tissue in vitro for the treatments of tendon‐related injuries.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of 2‐benzylaminoquinazolin‐4(3H)‐one derivatives as a potential treatment for SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Lee Jun Young , Shin Young Sup , Jeon Sangeun , Lee Se In , Cho Jung‐Eun , Myung Subeen , Jang Min Seong , Kim Seungtaek , Song Jong Hwan , Kim Hyoung Rae , Park Chul Min 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDespite the continuing global crisis caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), there is still no effective treatment. Therefore, we designed and synthesized a novel series of 2‐benzylaminoquinazolin‐4(3H)‐one derivatives and demonstrated that they are effective against SARS‐CoV‐2. Among the synthesized derivatives, 7‐chloro‐2‐(((4‐chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl)amino)quinazolin‐4(3H)‐one (Compound 39) showed highest anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 activity, with a half‐maximal inhibitory concentration value greater than that of remdesivir (IC50 = 4.2 μM vs. 7.6 μM, respectively), which gained urgent approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. In addition, Compound 39 showed good results in various assays measuring metabolic stability, human ether a‐go‐go, Cytochromes P450 (CYPs) inhibition, and plasma protein binding (PPB), and showed better solubility and pharmacokinetics than our previous work.
Diagnostic utility of GDF15 in neurodegenerative diseases: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Xue Xin‐Hong , Tao Lin‐Lin , Su Dao‐Qing , Guo Cun‐Ju , Liu Hong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionGDF15 may be a potential biomarker for neurodegenerative diseases. In this analysis, we aimed to quantitative analysis the levels of GDF15 in patients with neurological diseases and in health control, and then to determine its potential diagnostic utility.MethodsTwo researchers separately conducted a systematic search of the relevant studies up to January 2021 in Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science. Effect sizes were estimated to use the standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Sensitivity and specificity were calculated by the summary receiver operating characteristics curve (SROC) method. The sensitivity analysis was performed by the “one‐in/one‐out” approach. Considering the considerable heterogeneity among studies, random‐effects model was used for the meta‐analysis investigation.ResultsA total of eight articles were included in this meta‐analysis and systematic review. The pooled results of the random effect model indicated GDF15 levels were significantly higher in patients with neurodegenerative disease than healthy people (SMD = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.44–1.40, Z = 3.75, p < 0.001). Sensitivity and specificity of biomarker of GDF15 were 0.90 (95% CI: 0.75–0.97), 0.77 (95% CI: 0.67–0.65), and AUC = 0.87 (95% CI: 0.84–0.90), respectively.ConclusionsGDF15 levels were higher in patients with neurodegenerative disease than healthy people. And serum levels of GDF15 were a better marker for diagnostic utility of neurodegenerative disease.
Helicobacter pylori‐negative extra‐nodal marginal zone B‐cell lymphoma of Mucosa‐Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT) type following Roux‐en‐Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB)
Authors: Eagle Zachary R. , Essien Francis , Zibert Kimberly , Miller Charles , Van Dellen Melissa , Eden Rina , Pinson Ross 
Published: January 2022

AbstractGastric MALT lymphoma is a common type of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma that has the potential for cure in patients found to have concomitant Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. This case report explores the evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of H. pylori‐negative MALT lymphoma in a patient with a history of a RYGB.
Calcitonin‐secreting pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor in a patient with elevated thyroid fine‐needle aspirate calcitonin washout: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Mason Darryl , Leimbach Robert , Kitz Robert , Vietor Robert , Vietor Nicole 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe report the unique case of a patient with previously proven non‐functional PanNET and Graves' disease with thyroid nodules. The patient had elevated intranodular calcitonin, but no MTC or c‐cell hyperplasia on thyroidectomy. They were found to have calcitonin secreting PanNET. This case presents a false‐positive intranodular calcitonin.
Unusual extension of a dental abscess through the pterygomandibular space in subcutaneous maxillofacial tissue
Authors: Foutzitzi Soultana , Frigkas Konstantinos , Vitsa Despoina , Deftereos Savas P. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractInfections of maxillary teeth commonly spread to the buccal space, whereas infections originating in the mandible usually spread to the submandibular, pterygomandibular, and buccal spaces. The pterygomandibular space may serve as a path for spread to zygomatic areas and thus must always be a part of imaging evaluations.
Hydrogen Production from Water Splitting through Photocatalytic Activity of Carbon‐Based Materials
Authors: Reza M. Sumon , Ahmad Nurnazurah Binti Haji , Afroze Shammya , Taweekun Juntakan , Sharifpur Mohsen , Azad Abul Kalam 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHydrogen is a free, limitless, and environmentally friendly resource. To enhance the production performance of hydrogen by photocatalytic water splitting, its preparation and application was investigated using carbon‐based materials (graphene, graphite, carbon nanotubes, activated carbon). Photocatalytic hydrogen processing is among the most promising strategies for ensuring long‐term energy stability and preventing further environmental degradation. The selection of co‐catalysts and sacrificial agents to support the main catalyst is crucial for increasing hydrogen production. Several analyses were conducted to examine the characteristics as well as the use of various parameters to determine how carbonaceous materials would improve hydrogen production.
Computational Insights into the Allosteric Effect and Dynamic Structural Features of the SARS‐COV‐2 Spike Protein
Authors: Xue Qiao , Liu Xian , Pan Wenxiao , Zhang Aiqian , Fu Jianjie , Jiang Guibin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue are Aiqian Zhang, Jianjie Fu, Guibin Jiang, and co‐workers at the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The image depicts the molecular recognition of human angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 by the SARS‐COV‐2 spike protein. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202104215.