bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of Time Point and Sensitive Biomarkers of Maternal Zinc Depletion in Broiler Chickens and Pekin Ducks Fed a Zinc Deficient Dietary
Authors: Chen Guanhua , Zhang Keying , Tian Gang , Bai Shiping , Ding Xuemei , Wang Jianping , Lv Li , Tan Quan , Zhao Wei , Zeng Qiufeng. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Two experiments were aimed to determine the time points and sensitive biomarkers of maternal zinc (Zn) depletion in broiler chickens and Pekin ducks fed a Zn-deficient dietary based on growth performance and tissue Zn content via a linear regression model, respectively. A total of 200 one-day-old male broiler chickens (experiment 1) and 200 one-day-old male Pekin ducks (experiment 2) were randomly allocated to 2 dietary treatments with 10 replicate cage (10 bird/cage). Two dietary treatments included a zinc-deficient dietary (ZnD, 20.42 mg Zn/kg) and a control zinc dietary (CON, 84.77 mg Zn/kg). In experiment 1, compared to CON, ZnD decreased (P < 0.05) the body weight (d 7, d 14, and d 21), body weight gain, feed intake (d 1-7, d 1-14 and d 1-21), and the Zn content of plasma (d 7 and d 21), pancreas (d 7, d 14 and d 21) as well as tibia in broilers. The R2 of a linear model was greater at d 7 than that at d 14 or d 21 for pancreas Zn content in broilers. In experiment 2, compared to CON, ZnD also decreased (P < 0.05) the body weight (d 7, d 14, and d 21), body weight gain (d 1-7, d 1-14 and d 1-21), feed intake (d 1-14 and d 1-21) and increased (P < 0.05) the feed to gain ratio (d 1-7 and d 1-14) in ducks. Compared with CON, ZnD reduced (P < 0.05) the Zn content of pancreas (d 7, d 14, and d 21), tibia (d 7, d 14 and d 21) as well as skin (d 14 and d 21) and increased (P < 0.05) the Zn content of plasma (d 21) and skin (d 7) in ducks. The R2 of a linear model was greater at d 7 than that at d 14 or d 21 for skin Zn content in ducks. The results indicated that the maternal Zn was depleted by 7 d of age in both of birds; the sensitive biomarker for broilers is pancreas Zn content and for ducks is skin Zn content.
Development and Application of Adverse Drug Reactions Reports Quality Algorithm (AQUA-12) Score: A Single-Centre Quality Improvement Initiative
Authors: Aung Ar Kar , Zubrinich Celia M , Goh Michelle SY , Snyder Benjamin , Tang Mei Jie , Khu Cindy YL , Lee Jennifer I , Graudins Linda V 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To develop a reliable assessment tool to monitor the quality of adverse drug reaction (ADR) reports and evaluate its performance within a quaternary hospital setting.
Methods
Adverse Drug Reactions Report Quality Algorithm (AQUA-12) was developed by a multidisciplinary team with the expertise in management of ADRs. The design was based on data elements required to establish medication causality. Inter-rater reliability of AQUA-12 was evaluated over three rounds in two phases: development and prospective evaluation phases, by independent assessors both internal and external to the institutional ADR review processes. The characteristics and quality of ADR reports were subsequently assessed, and potential factors contributing to low-quality reports were identified.
Results
A total of 70 ADR reports were assessed; 20 in development and 50 in evaluation phases. The inter-rater reliability of AQUA-12 was found to be excellent in all three rounds (Cronbach’s alpha of ≥ 0.9, p < 0.001 for all). Approximately one in five reports concerned immediate hypersensitivity reactions while delayed hypersensitivity reactions constituted 60% of all reactions. AQUA-12 identified 18 (25.7%) reports as ‘low-quality’ with score of < 10. Identification of suspected drugs (37.1%), description of index ADR (27.1%) and key events (ADR narrative, 35.7%) were the top data elements incomplete or missing from all reports. Univariable analyses identified the severity of reaction as a factor associated with low quality of reports (p = 0.008).
Conclusions
AQUA-12 is a practical and highly reliable assessment tool that can be utilised in hospital settings to regularly monitor the completeness of ADR reports to guide quality improvement initiatives.
Prenatal methamphetamine hydrochloride exposure leads to signal transduction alteration and cell death in the prefrontal cortex and amygdala of male and female rats’ offspring
Authors: Maghsoudi Nader , Zare Nayereh , Mirbehbahani Seyed Hamidreza , Khodagholi Fariba , Khakpour Shahrzad , Mansouri Zahra , Yekta Batool Ghorbani 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: In the last decade, there has been a great increase in methamphetamine hydrochloride (METH) abuse by pregnant women that exposes fetus and human offspring to a wide variety of developmental impairments that may be the underlying causes of future psychosocial issues. Objective: Herein we investigated whether prenatal METH exposure with different doses (2 and 5mg/kg) could influence neuronal cell death and antioxidant level in the different brain regions of adult male and female offspring.Methods: Adult male and female Sprague–Dawley rats prenatally exposed to METH (2 or 5mg/kg) and/or saline was used in this study. At week 12 adult rats' offspring were decapitated to collect different brain region tissues including amygdala (AMY), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and prefrontal cortices (PFC). Western blot analysis was performed to evaluate the apoptosis and autophagy related markers, and enzymatic assay was used to measure the level of catalase and also reduced glutathione (GSH).Results: Our results showed that METH exposure during pregnancy increased the level of apoptosis (BAX/Bcl-2 and Caspase-3) and autophagy(Beclin-1 and LC3II/LC3I) in the PFC and AMY area of both male and female offspring’s brain. Also, we found an elevation in the GSH content of all three mentioned brain areas and catalase activity of PFC in the offspring's brain. Conclusion: Prenatally exposure to METH increased cell death at least partly via apoptosis and autophagy in AMY and PFC of male and female offspring’s brain, while the antioxidant system tried to protect cells in these regions.
Extension of the Composite Quality Score (CQS) as an appraisal tool for prospective, controlled clinical therapy trials (Preprint)
Authors: Mickenautsch Steffen , Rupf Stefan , Miletić Ivana , Yengopal Veerasamy 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Aim: to conduct a survey of current meta-epidemiological studies to identify additional trial design characteristics that may be associated with significant over/under estimation of the treatment effect and to use such identified characteristics as basis for the formulation of new CQS appraisal criteria. Materials and methods: We retrieved eligible studies from two systematic reviews on this topic (latest search May 2015) and searched the databases PubMed and Embase for further studies from June 2015 – March 2022). All data were extracted by one author and verified by another. Sufficiently homogeneous estimates from single studies were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis. Trial design characteristics associated with statistically significant estimates from single datasets (which could not be pooled) and meta-analyses were used as basis to formulate new or to amend existing CQS criteria.Results: A total of 38 meta-epidemiological studies were identified. From these, seven trial design characteristics associated with statistically significant over- or under estimation of the true therapeutic effect were found.Conclusion: One new criterion concerning double blinding was added to the CQS and the original criteria for concealing the random allocation sequence and for minimum sample size amended.
Evaluation of the Effects of Empagliflozin on Acute Lung Injury in Rat Intestinal Ischemia-Reperfusion Model
Authors: Gokbulut Puren , Kuskonmaz S. Mehlika , Koc Gönül , Onder Cagatay Emir , Yumusak Nihat , Erel Ozcan , Nural Arzu Sakallı , Culha Cavit 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: Empagliflozin is a selective sodium-glucose co-transporter (SGLT2) inhibitor that is accepted for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Positive effects of empagliflozin on systems other than diabetes have been detected. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of empagliflozin on acute lung injury induced by intestinal ischemia/ reperfusion (I/R). Materials and methods: A total of 27 male Wistar albino rats were divided into 3 groups: sham, I/R, and I/R+ empagliflozin; each group contains 9 animals. Sham group animals underwent laparotomy without I/R injury. After I/R groups animals underwent laparotomy, 1 h of superior mesenteric artery ligation was followed by 2 h of reperfusion. In the empagliflozin group, 7 days before I/R, empagliflozin (30 mg/kg) was administered by gastric gavage. All animals were killed at the end of reperfusion and lung tissue samples were obtained for immunohistochemical staining and histopathological investigation in all groups. Results: Serum glucose, AST, ALT, creatinine, native thiol, total thiol, and disulfide levels and disulfide–native thiol, disulfide–total thiol, and native thiol–total thiol ratios as well as the IMA levels were analyzed and compared among the groups. While intestinal I/R significantly increases serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and creatinine levels; Thiol/Disulfide did not cause any change in homeostasis parameters and IMA level. Empagliflozin treatment had no significant effect on biochemical parameters. Empagliflozin treatment induced a significant decrease in positive immunostaining for IL-1, IL-6, TNF-alpha, caspase 3, caspase 8, and caspase 9 compared to the I/R group in lung tissue samples. Intestinal I/R caused severe histopathological injury including edema, hemorrhage, increased thickness of the alveolar wall, and infiltration of inflammatory cells into alveolar spaces. Empagliflozin treatment significantly attenuated the severity of intestinal I/R injury. Conclusions: It was concluded that empagliflozin treatment may have beneficial effects in acute lung injury, and therefore has potential for clinical use Keywords: empagliflozin, intestinal ischemia/ reperfusion, acute lung injury, anti-inflammatory
Definitive surgery and intraoperative photodynamic therapy for locally advanced non–small cell lung cancer: A case report
Authors: Jung Hee Suk , Kim Hyun Jung 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Backgound: Locally advanced lung cancer (T3 or T4) has no straightforward guidelines are available to manage it. Although surgery has traditionally been regarded as the mainstay of treatment and the only curative modality, it has limited relevance in patients with locally advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a clinically approved cancer therapy; it is an established treatment modality with curative intent for early stage and superficial endobronchial lesions. However, the efficacy of PDT in advanced lung cancer is controversial and it primarily has been used in palliative care.Case presentation: This case report describes a 70-year-old male who had a right upper lung cancer and endobronchial lesion that extended into the distal trachea. A biopsy specimen was obtained upon bronchoscopy, and the result confirmed squamous cell carcinoma. We performed a definitive sleeve lobectomy and intraoperative PDT. Gross total resection of the tumor was achieved, but the presence of microscopic residual tumors was inevitable. Complete anatomical resection of the primary tumor by pneumonectomy was not possible due to poor lung function and endobronchial extension to the distal trachea. We decided to apply intraoperative PDT to the lumen and outer wall of the bronchi and distal trachea for local tumor control. The patient is alive with no evidence of disease after 13 months of follow-up.Conclusions: This is the first report to describe the feasibility and efficacy of intraoperative PDT as part of multimodal therapy for locally advanced NSCLC.
Micronodular thymic carcinoma with lymphoid stroma: a case report
Authors: Zaitsu Koki , Nishida Haruto , Kondo Yoshihiko , Kawamura Kazuhiro , Kusaba Takahiro , Oyama Yuzo , Daa Tsutomu 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: Micronodular thymic carcinoma (MTC) with lymphoid hyperplasia is believed to be the malignant counterpart of micronodular thymoma (MT) with lymphoid hyperplasia. Since MT and MTC share a similar morphology, MTC is considered a malignant form of MT; there have been a few cases of malignant transformation from MT to MTC. We report a case of MTC with lymphoid hyperplasia.Case presentation: Our 53-year-old patient presented with an incidental tumor on chest X-ray. The resected tumor consisted of nodular epithelial nests and lymphoid tissue within a surrounding germinal center. Some epithelial nests showed apparent malignant morphology. Atypical epithelial cells with large vesicular nuclei formed nests, some of which showed comedo necrosis. These cells showed transition continuously to benign type B thymoma-like cells, demonstrating cord-like arrangements. Carcinomatous elements, showing a high Ki67 index, expressed Glut1, CD5, CD117, and BCL2; conversely, benign nests displayed attenuated expression of these markers and a low Ki67 labeling index. GTF2I point mutation and Langerhans/dendritic cells, which are indicators of favorable thymoma prognosis, were not detected. Due to pleural metastasis, the patient was treated with lenvatinib 27 months postoperatively. Conclusions: This is the first report of a partially benign, GTF2I-negative MTC. Histological and genetic findings might be predictive of patient prognosis.
The Prediction of Hypertension Risk
Authors: Massaro Alessandro , Giardinelli Vito O.M. , Cosoli Gabriele , Magaletti Nicola , Leogrande Angelo 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This article presents an estimation of the hypertension risk based on a dataset on 1007 individuals. The application of a Tobit Model shows that “Hypertension” is positively associated to “Age”, “BMI-Body Mass Index”, and “Heart Rate”. The data show that the element that has the greatest impact in determining inflation risk is “BMI-Body Mass Index”. An analysis was then carried out using the fuzzy c-Means algorithm optimized with the use of the Silhouette coefficient. The result shows that the optimal number of clusters is 9. A comparison was then made between eight different machine-learning algorithms for predicting the value of the Hypertension Risk. The best performing algorithm is the Gradient Boosted Trees Regression according to the analyzed dataset. The results show that there are 37 individuals who have a predicted hypertension value greater than 0.75, 35 individuals who have a predicted hypertension value between 0.5 and 0.75, while 227 individuals have a hypertension value between 0.0 and 0.5 units.
Estimating the Effects of Regulating University Face-to-Face Lectures on the Spread of COVID-19: Evidence from Japan
Authors: Okachi Michinao , Youn Haewon 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Universities are the only institutions that have conducted most lectures online during the prolonged COVID-19 pandemic, but no researcher has analyzed the effects of nonface-to-face lectures on containing the spread of the novel coronavirus. This study is the first attempt to estimate these effects. Applying a multiple-event study negative binomial regression model, we find that changing the ratio of online lectures had only slight effects on the numbers of COVID-19 infections among university students. For example, if universities regulate almost all lectures in-person from lectures consisting of more than a half of in-person style, the number of student infections declined by 5.5 per 10,000 students between seven weeks prior and posterior to the change. Other lecture style changes show milder differences than this. Considering these results, minimizing or restricting face-to-face lectures does not appear to be particularly effective for preventing the spread of the coronavirus.
Fast in vivo assay of creatine kinase in human brain by 31P magnetic resonance fingerprinting
Authors: Widmaier Mark , Lim Song-I , Wenz Daniel , Xin Lijing 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
A new and efficient magnetization transfer 31P magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MT-31P-MRF) approach was introduced to measure the creatine kinase metabolic rate kCK in human brain. The MRF framework was extended to overcome challenges in conventional 31P measurement methods in human brain in vivo by reducing specific absorption rate deposition, incorporating system imperfection into a model, and expanding the size of parameters. In order to compute such complex high dimensional data sets, we propose a nested iteration interpolation method (NIIM). The method delivers an efficient way by breaking the exponential growth with parameter size of the dictionaries into sub solutions of linear order. The MT-31P-MRF combined with NIIM provides T1PCr , T 1ATP , and kCK estimates in good agreement with those obtained by the exchange kinetics by band inversion transfer (EBIT) method and literature values. Furthermore, the test-retest reproducibility results showed that the MT-31P-MRF achieves less than 10% of coefficient of variations for T T1PCr , T 1ATP , and kCK measurements with 4 min 15 s scan time, which is four times faster than the EBIT method. We conclude that MT-31P-MRF in combination with NIIM is a fast, accurate and reproducible approach for in vivo creatine kinase metabolic rate assay in the human brain, which enables the potential for investigating energy metabolism in a clinical setting.
Bioprotective potential of lactic acid bacteria for Salmonella biocontrol in vitro
Authors: Evangelista Alberto Gonçalves , Matté Eduardo Henrique Custódio , Corrêa Jessica Audrey Feijó , Gonçalves Francieli Dalvana Ribeiro , Santos João Vitor Garcia dos , Biauki Gabrieli Camila , Milek Mônica Moura , Costa Leandro Batista , Luciano Fernando Bittencourt 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are an important option for Salmonella control in animal production, resulting in lower use of therapeutic and zootechnical antibiotics. The objective of this research was to isolate LAB for in vitro verification of their bioprotective potential. 11 bacteria were identified as Pediococcus acidilactici, two as Lacticaseibacillus (Lactobacillus) rhamnosus, one as Lacticaseibacillus (Lactobacillus) paracasei paracasei, one as Limosilactobacillus fermentum, and one as a consortium of Lactobacillus delbrueckii bulgaricus and L. fermentum. All bacteria showed effectiveness against Salmonella, with emphasis on the inhibition halos of P. acidilactici PUCPR 011 against Salmonella Enteritidis 33SUSUP, S. Enteritidis 9SUSP, S. Enteritidis 56301, S. Enteritidis CRIFS 1016, Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC™ 14028®, and Salmonella Gallinarum AL 1138, with inhibition of 7.3 ± 0.5 mm, 7.7 ± 1.0 mm, 9.0 ± 1.8 mm, 7.3 ± 0.5 mm, 7.7 ± 1.0 mm, and 7.3 ± 0.5, respectively. The isolates P. acidilactici PUCPR 011, P. acidilactici PUCPR 012, P. acidilactici PUCPR 014, L. fermentum PUCPR 005, L. paracasei paracasei PUCPR 013, and L. rhamnosus PUCPR 010 showed inhibition greater than 2 mm against at least 3 Salmonella strains, and were used for encapsulation and in vitro digestion. The encapsulation efficiency ranged from 76.89 ± 1.54 to 116.48 ± 2.23%, and the population after 12 months of storage was from 5.31 ± 0.17 to 9.46 ± 0.09 log CFU/g. When simulating swine and chicken digestion, there was a large reduction in bacterial viability, stabilizing at concentrations close to 2.5 log CFU/mL after the analyses. The analyzed bacteria showed great potential in vitro for application as bioprotectors, and further analyses are required to determine their in vivo effectiveness.
Lung recovery from graphene oxide induced DNA damage is dependent on size, dose and inflammation profile
Authors: Luna Luis Augusto Visani , Loret Thomas , Fordham Alexander , Arshad Atta , Drummond Matthew , Dodd Abbie , Lozano Neus , Kostarelos Kostas , Bussy Cyrill 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
BackgroundA key aspect of any new material safety assessment is the evaluation of their in vivo genotoxicity. Graphene oxide (GO) has been studied for many promising applications, but there are remaining concerns about its safety profile, especially after inhalation. Herein we tested whether GO lateral dimension, comparing micrometric (LGO) and nanometric (USGO) GO sheets, could have an impact on the formation of DNA double strand breaks in mouse lungs. We used spatial resolution and differential cell type analysis to decipher between DNA damages on epithelial and immune cells. Single as well as multiple lung exposures were performed to evaluate the importance of using more realistic scenario when evaluating the potential genotoxicity of materials.ResultsDNA damages induced by GO were size and dose dependent, in both single and repeated exposure scenario. A fast recovery was found after single exposure, irrespective of the dimensions of the GO sheets. However, the LGO induced long-term DNA damages in lung alveolar epithelia, at 84 days after repeated exposure. A multiparametric correlation analysis of repeated exposure data revealed that transient or persistent inflammation and oxidative stress were associated to either recovery or persistent DNA damages. For USGO, recovery from DNA damages was correlated to efficient recovery from acute inflammation. In contrast, the persistence of LGO in the lungs and the long-lasting presence of multinucleated macrophages were associated to persistent DNA damages. Conclusions Overall these results highlight the importance of the exposure scenario used. We showed that LGO was more genotoxic after repeated exposure than single exposure due to persistent lung inflammation. These findings are important in the context of human health risk assessment and toward establishing recommendations for a safe use of graphene based materials in the workplace.
Insulin prescribing, administration, and glucose monitoring trends in Irish hospitals: scope for improvement?
Authors: Hogan-Murphy Diana , Reddington Lisa , Dennedy Michael C. , Egan Laurence , Okiro Julie , Given John , Donnellan Sinead , Salehmohamed M. Ridhwaan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
PurposeInsulin is a high-alert critical medicine used in the treatment of diabetes which bears a heightened risk of causing significant patient harm when used inappropriately and has been identified as a medication safety issue in Galway University Hospitals. The aim of this study was to conduct a local prospective audit on insulin prescribing, administration, and glucose monitoring trends in order to identify and develop quality improvement initiatives. MethodsThis audit was conducted over one day in March 2022, approved by the local Clinical Audit Committee, piloted on two inpatients, and communicated to all data collectors prior to commencement. Generated data were anonymous and securely stored. Independent analysis was conducted by three researchers to confirm reliability of results.Results454 inpatients were reviewed of which 17% [75] had diabetes and 9% [41] were prescribed insulin. The overall insulin error rate with one or more errors comprising prescribing and/or administration per inpatient drug record was 90% [37]. In total, 95% [235] insulin brand names and 89% [220] dose units were clearly prescribed, 84% [208] administration times were clearly specified by a prescriber, 87% [214] orders were signed, 58% [25] prescribers clearly documented their registration number/bleep/name at least once for contact purposes, 35% [30] meal time supplements were documented clearly by a nurse, 70% [202] administrations were double checked by a second person, 53% [142] administration times were documented by a nurse, and 26% [10] of inpatients were administered insulin by a nurse when not prescribed.ConclusionResults will assist in developing quality improvement initiatives to optimise patient care.