bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seroprevalence Pattern of Herpes Simplex Viruses (HSV-1 & 2) among STI Vulnerable Women Population
Authors: Thiyagarajan Santhanamari 
Published: March 2022

Background: Genital infections caused by Herpes Simplex viruses are viewed as the indicators of sexual network in the society. Most of the infections caused by these viruses are asymptomatic and underdiagnosed.
Aim: To investigate the seroprevalences of HSV-1 and HSV-2 among the STI vulnerable women and correlate them with clinical infections and other co-viral STIs.
Study design: A cross sectional retrospective study was conducted on female contacts of HIV / STI positive male partners, who were consulting the STD clinics of NGOs and OP section of STD department of Government hospital in Chennai, India between October 2006 and September 2008.
Methodology: The study included 138 STI vulnerable women along with age matched control group from whom socio-demographic and clinical data were collected. Serological screening was performed using ELISA for detection of IgM and IgG antibodies to HSV types 1 and 2 and co-positivities to HIV, HBV, HCV and CMV. Statistical analysis of results was carried out using Chi-square test.
Results: Overall seroprevalences of 79.71% and 74.32% were recorded respectively for HSV-1 and HSV-2 among the study group. Proportionate increase in symptomatic cases were observed with individuals showing seropositivities to anti-HSV-1/2 IgM, IgM+IgG (combined) and IgG antibodies, which correlated respectively with primary, reactivated and episodic infections. Observation of symptomatic cases among HSV-1 (48.0% vs. 4.05%) and HSV-2 (68.29% vs. 25.0%) IgG positive study and control groups corroborated the sexual transmission of these viruses. Significant percentages of co-positivities to other viral STIs were recorded with higher preponderance among HSV-2 seropositive individuals than those of HSV-1.
Conclusion: Comprehensive serological screening and its correlation with the clinical data would be very helpful in demonstrating the impact of HSV infections. Wide screening of STI vulnerable women is necessary to estimate the actual burden of STIs and to adopt preventive intervention.
Evaluation of Solid and Liquid Medium for the Diagnosis of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis in Brochoalveolar Lavage Samples in a Tertiary Care Hospital in North India
Authors: Farhana Anjum , Zahoor Danish , Bhat Munazah , Kanth Farhat 
Published: March 2022

Aim: Tuberculosis is a global health problem. To control the disease, timely diagnosis is necessary. Both solid and liquid cultures have been used for diagnosis. Brochoalveolar lavage is used as a specimen for diagnosis of smear negative tuberculosis and in patients who are unable to expectorate sputum. The study was done to evaluate the performance for the detection of M. tuberculosis from BAL in terms of detection rates, time to positivity and contamination.
Study Design: This was a descriptive cross sectional study.
Methodology: BAL samples of suspected patients were collected in the Department of Microbiology, Government medical college, Srinagar. Samples were processed, decontaminated and subjected to smear microscopy by ZN staining, culture on solid (LJ) and liquid media (BacT Alert.).
Results: Out of 283 BAL specimens, 23 (8.13%) specimens were AFB smear positive and 260 (91.87%) were AFB smear negative. The detection rate for Mycobacterium tuberculosis was 8.83% (25/283) on LJ and 12.37% (37/283) on BacT Alert. Overall, detection rate was comparable on smear positive samples but BacT Alert was more sensitive (7.7% detection rate) than LJ (3.46%) in smear-negative specimens. Although detection rates using BacT Alert were greater than LJ, 6 samples were positive exclusively on LJ medium. Time to positivity was significantly lower in liquid media but contamination rates were higher.
Conclusion: BacT/Alert affords rapid diagnosis of infection and therefore prompt institution of treatment for M. tuberculosis. Although BacT/Alert has higher sensitivity particularly in smear negative cases, there still remains a proportion of MTB specimens that may go undetected if not complemented with the solid media. Therefore it would be prudent if both the tests are used simultaneously to improve diagnostic yield.
Microbiological Profile and the Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern in Endotracheal tube tip Culture/ Endotracheal Aspirates of Mechanically Ventilated Patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Kashmir Valley: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Rashid Omar , Qayoom Jalila , Khurshid Syed , Qadri Rubhana 
Published: March 2022

Background: Respiratory infections are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among mechanically ventilated patients. Early diagnosis and prompt institution of appropriate antibiotics play a pivotal role in the management, for which knowing the microbiological profile and the anti-microbial drug susceptibility pattern becomes inevitable. The current study was aimed to study the same.
Objectives: To determine the microbial etiology in endotracheal tip/tracheal aspirates of mechanically ventilated patients and study their antimicrobial resistance patterns.
Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the department of microbiology, SKIMS, MCH BEMINA for 1 year. Endotracheal tube tip/ aspirate cultures of patients were processed by standard methods and their anti-microbial susceptibility patterns studied.
Results: Out of 63 samples, 53 (84.1%) were positive. Gram negative bacteria 42 (72.9%) were the predominant bacterial isolates. Acinetobacter showed resistance to all antibiotics barring Colistin, tigicycline and polymixin-b. While klebsiella was multidrug resistant, pseudomonas and E.coli were mostly sensitive. MRSA showed high resistance except to vancomycin and linezolid.
Conclusions: Acinetobacter and klebsiella species were the predominant isolates with high resistance to most of the antibiotics.
Choriocarcinoma: A Review
Authors: Pandey Gunjan , Acharya Neema , Bhatt Ashish 
Published: March 2022

Here in his article, we will learn about choriocarcinoma, a highly malignant tumor arising from the chorionic epithelium. Among 3-5% of all patients with molar pregnancies develop choriocarcinoma. All the types of choriocarcinomas and their defining features are discussed below in a view to you to understand better the basic pathogenesis, histology, etiological factors involved. The patient may present with persistent ill-health, irregular vaginal bleeding, continued amenorrhea, and when it is metastasized, it forms lesions which present in the lung as cough, breathlessness, hemoptysis whereas in the vagina as irregular and at times as brisk hemorrhage. It can also have lesions in the cerebral region presenting as headache, convulsions, paralysis. Signs include pallor of varying degrees, and in all, the patient looks ill. Various investigations necessary to identify this disease are chest x-ray, pelvic sonography, diagnostic uterine curettage, etc. also, excisional biopsy, the ratio of HCG levels, CT scan, ultrasonography, chest X-ray can also be done. We also talked about staging in the forthcoming article for gestational trophoblastic tumors. Management of the same has also been discussed below to treat the disease better and cure many patients. It can be preventive as well as curative. Here we have talked about treatment modalities for low-risk and high-risk patients. Also, add treatment for those resistant to the drugs used for low-risk and high-risk patients. Finally, prophylactic chemotherapy and follow-ups are given.
Unveiling the Dermatological Manifestations of COVID-19 Infections
Authors: Khanke Sankalp , Bakshi Sanket , Mohale Sandip 
Published: March 2022

Background: There have been over 86 million global confirmed cases to date, and the disease is known to have a 2.2% case fatality rate, having claimed over 1.87 million lives. They were initially regarded as a purely respiratory disease with symptoms of viral pneumonia such as fever, fatigue, dry cough, and lymphopenia. The widespread coronavirus disease is aimed at the Arial route of the tramsmission. Furthermore, the constant mutations in the virulence factors of the virus lead to the effectiveness of the treatment regimens. Covid-19 disease is mainly known to be a pulmonary infection, giving rise to pulmonary fibrosis, focuses and leads to severe pneumonia and ulyimately gives a fatal result iof not treated promptly. The pulmonary but extrapulmonary manifestations of this disease are also seen—cardiovascular, renal, nervous and dermatological, and immune system. The exact pathogensis and the etiology of the extra pulmonary manifestation of covid to the cutaneous prognosis are not yet well known. The virulence factors, the antigens of the virus that exacerbate the dermatological symptoms. The virus causes dermatological symptoms in urticarial rashes, eczematous infections, and mucocutaneous depositions. The exact mechanisms of the disease’s progress to the dermatological variant are not known; however, this review will concentrate on the cutaneous manifestations of Covid-19 disease and the variant nature of the infection. The widespread coronavirus disease is aimed at the Arial route of transmission. Furthermore, the constant mutations in the virulence factors of the virus lead to the in effect ness of the treatment regimens. Covid-19 disease is mainly known to be a pulmonary infection, giving rise to pulmonary fibrosis, focuses and leads to severe pneumonia and ultimately gives a fatal result iof not treated promptly. The pulmonary but extrapulmonary manifestations of this disease are also seen—cardiovascular, renal, nervous dermatological and immune system. The exact pathogenesis and the etiology of the extrapulmonary manifestation of covid to the cutanenous prognosis is not yet well known. The virulence factors, the antigens of the virus that exacerbate the dermatological symptoms. The virus causes dermatological symptoms in urticarial rashes, eczematous infections, and mucocutaneous depositions.
Transitional Cell Carcinoma with Distal Urethra: A Case Report
Authors: Shendre Achal Umesh , Sheikh Shakib H. , Umate Roshan , Patil A. R. Bhagat 
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the ureter, also called urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC) of the ureter, are uncommon compared to similar tumors elsewhere along the urinary tract but are nonetheless the most common primary tumor of the ureter. Transitional cells can stretch and change form. The lining of the renal pelvis, ureters, bladder, and urethra is made up of them. In the body, there are many different types of cells, each with its function. Transitional cells can stretch and change form. They are the cells lining line the inside of the renal. When urine is stored in or flowing through these organs, the lining required cells that can stretch to extend. TCC of the kidney begins in the renal pelvis. TCC may begin in the ureters, bladder, or urethra.
Patient Information: A 75 years old male was admitted to Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural hospital sawangi meghe Wardha with chief complaints of low urine output vomiting, loss of appetite, swelling of the abdomen crampy abdominal pain that comes and goes.
Therapeutic Intervention and Outcomes: The emerging technique of CT urography allows detection of urinary tract tumors and calculi, assessment of perirenal tissues, and staging of lesions; it may offer the opportunity for one-stop evaluation in the initial assessment of hematuria and follow-up of TCC. Similar MR imaging protocols can be used in patients who are not candidates for CT urography, although detection of urinary tract calcifications may be suboptimal.
Antibacterial Activity of Flax Seeds Extract Rinse against Streptococcus mutans Colonies
Authors: Sultana Ulfat , Zaidi Syeda Amber , Iqbal Nasima , Quraishi Faiza , Khan Muhammad Aitmaududdolah , Baloch Faisal Ali 
Published: March 2022

Background: Flax seeds has health-potentiating medicinal benefits due to the presence of a remarkable amount of bioactive compounds. The antibacterial activity of ethanolic extract of flax seeds against Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae has been documented. Therefore, the current study current aims to investigated the antibacterial activity flax seeds extract rinse against Streptococcus mutans colonies
Methodology: It was a preclinical experimental study and sample size was n = 60. The participants were given an envelope for group randomization. Film of plaque from labial surface of teeth of study participants was collected on sterile strips that was transported to laboratory for culture in sterile containers. For culture S. mutant samples were inoculated in Columbia Agar. The flax seeds extract was diluted in distilled water in 1:4 (Extract: Distilled water) concentration. And participants were divided into 3 groups. (negative control, positive control, flax seed extract group). Diluted flax seed extract was given to experimental group for rinses, distilled water was given to negative control group and positive controls were given a commercially available mouth rinse. Next sample of plaque was collected after two hours to observe the effects of flax seed extract on bacterial colonies.
Results: The growth of colonies was calculated on growth media plates in samples prior to rinsing and samples that were taken after the rinsing. The pre and post samples showed significant (p-value <0.05) decrease in number of colonies in positive control group (conventional rinse) and flax seed extract group.
Conclusion: Flax seeds extract mouth rinse reduced the number of colonies equally as that of commercially available mouth rinse.
Updates in Diagnosis and Management of Ectopic Pregnancy
Authors: Morcy Hesham Mohamed Hamad , Abdullah Luluah Maan Ramadan , Alenezi Maryam Mohammed M. , Sultan F. Almutairi, Fai , Almadani Sama Abdulfattah M. , Raghad Khalid R. Alruwaili, 
Published: March 2022

Ectopic pregnancy (EP) occurs when the conceptus becomes embedded and matures beyond the endometrial cavity, resulting in the foetus' mortality.
Ectopic pregnancy can become a lifethreatening issue if it is not diagnosed and treated promptly. The most common symptoms of an unruptured ectopic pregnancy are first-haemorrhage and abdominal pain.
Although these symptoms can also occur in intrauterine pregnancy and spontaneous abortion, when a pregnant woman shows them, clinicians should suspect ectopic pregnancy. Methotrexate, a folic acid antagonist, has been extensively studied in medicine. Methotrexate inhibits dihydrofolate reductase, causing trophoblastic cells to divide rapidly and reducing tetrahydrofolate levels (a cofactor for deoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid formation).
Determination of commissioning criteria for multileaf‐collimator, stereotactic radiosurgery treatments on Varian TrueBeam and Edge machines using a novel anthropomorphic phantom
Authors: Brown Thomas A. D. , Fagerstrom Jessica M. , Beck Caleb , Holloway Connor , Burton Krista , Kaurin Darryl G. L. , Mahendra Saikanth , Luckstead Marcus , Kielar Kayla , Kerns James 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAn anthropomorphic phantom has been developed by Varian Medical Systems for commissioning multileaf‐collimator (MLC), stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) treatments on Varian TrueBeam and Edge linear accelerators. Northwest Medical Physics Center (NMPC) has collected end‐to‐end data on these machines, at six independent clinical sites, to establish baseline dosimetric and geometric commissioning criteria for SRS measurements with this phantom. The Varian phantom is designed to accommodate four interchangeable target cassettes, each designed for a specific quality assurance function. End‐to‐end measurements utilized the phantom to verify the coincidence of treatment isocenter with a hidden target in a Winston‐Lutz cassette after localization using cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT). Dose delivery to single target (2 cm) and single‐isocenter, multitarget (2 and 1 cm) geometries was verified using ionization chamber and EBT3 film cassettes. A nominal dose of 16 Gy was prescribed for each plan using a site's standard beam geometry for SRS cases. Measurements were performed with three Millennium and three high‐definition MLC machines at beam energies of 6‐MV and 10‐MV flattening‐filter‐free energies. Each clinical site followed a standardized procedure for phantom simulation, treatment planning, quality assurance, and treatment delivery. All treatment planning and delivery was performed using ARIA oncology information system and Eclipse treatment planning software. The isocenter measurements and irradiated film were analyzed using DoseLab quality assurance software; gamma criteria of 3%/1 mm, 3%/0.5 mm, and 2%/1 mm were applied for film analysis. Based on the data acquired in this work, the recommended commissioning criteria for end‐to‐end SRS measurements with the Varian phantom are as follows: coincidence of treatment isocenter and CBCT‐aligned hidden target < 1 mm, agreement of measured chamber dose with calculated dose ≤ 5%, and film gamma passing > 90% for gamma criteria of 3%/1 mm after DoseLab auto‐registration shifts ≤ 1 mm in any direction.
Raman Microspectroscopy Imaging Analysis of Extracellular Vesicles Biogenesis by Filamentous Fungus Penicilium chrysogenum
Authors: Samuel Ashok Zachariah , Horii Shumpei , Nakashima Takuji , Shibata Naoko , Ando Masahiro , Takeyama Haruko 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe mechanism of production of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their molecular contents are of great interest due to their diverse roles in biological systems and are far from being completely understood. Even though cellular cargo releases mediated by EVs have been demonstrated in several cases, their role in secondary metabolite production and release remains elusive. In this study, this aspect is investigated in detail using Raman microspectroscopic imaging. Considerable evidence is provided to suggest that the release of antibiotic penicillin by the filamentous fungus Penicillium chrysogenum involves EVs. Further, the study also reveals morphological modifications of the fungal body during biogenesis, changes in cell composition at the locus of biogenesis, and major molecular contents of the released EVs. The results suggest a possible general role of EVs in the release of antibiotics from the producing organisms.
2D Pb‐Halide Perovskites Can Self‐Heal Photodamage Better than 3D Ones
Authors: Aharon Sigalit , Ceratti Davide Raffaele , Jasti Naga Prathibha , Cremonesi Llorenç , Feldman Yishay , Potenza Marco Alberto Carlo , Hodes Gary , Cahen David 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAdding a 2D character to halide perovskite (HaP) active layers in ambient‐protected cells can improve their stability drastically, which is not obvious from the hydrophobicity of the large cations that force the HaP into a 2D structure. Results of two‐photon confocal microscopy are reported to study inherent photo‐stability of 2D Pb iodide HaPs in the interior of single crystals. Compared to 3D HaP crystals, 2D ones have higher photo‐stability and, under a few sun‐equivalent conditions, self‐heal efficiently after photo‐damage. Using both photoluminescence (PL) intensities (as function of time after photo‐damage) and spectra, self‐healing dynamics of 2D HaP (C4H9NH3)2PbI4, 2D/3D (C4H9NH3)2(CH3NH3)2Pb3I10 and 3D MAPbI3 are compared. Differences in response to photo‐damage and self‐healing ability from different degrees of photo‐damage are found between these HaPs. Based on the findings, a possible chemical mechanism for photo‐damage and self‐healing of the 2D HaPs is suggested: the layered lattice arrangement limits out‐diffusion of degradation products, facilitating damage reversal, leading to better 2D HaP photo‐stability and self‐healing uniformity than for 2D/3D HaPs. One implication of the layered structures’ resilience to photo‐damage is transfer of their increased stability to devices made with them, such as photovoltaic solar cells and light‐emitting diodes.
Recyclable and Reusable Natural Plant‐Based Paper for Repeated Digital Printing and Unprinting
Authors: Zhao Ze , Deng Jingyu , Tae Hyunhyuk , Ibrahim Mohammed Shahrudin , Suresh Subra , Cho Nam‐Joon 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAlthough paperless technologies are becoming ubiquitous, paper and paper‐based materials remain one of the most widely used resources, predicted to exceed an annual total of 460 million metric tons by 2030. Given the environmental challenges, deleterious impact on natural resources, and waste associated with conventional wood‐based paper manufacturing, developing more sustainable strategies to source, produce, and recycle paper from natural materials is essential. Here, the development and production of reusable and recyclable paper are reported. This approach offers a pathway for easily producing natural pollen grains via ecofriendly, economical, scalable, and low‐energy fabrication routes. It is demonstrated that the pollen‐based paper exhibits high‐quality printability, readability, and erasability, enabling its reuse. Based on the pH‐responsive morphological responses of engineered pollen materials, a method for hygro stable printing and on‐demand unprinting is presented. The reusability of the pollen paper renders it more advantageous than conventional single‐print wood‐based paper. This study thus provides possible pathways to utilize non‐allergenic pollen, which is renewable and naturally abundant, as a sustainable source of reusable paper. While this work primarily deals with paper, the methods described here can be extended to produce other products such as cartons and containers for the storage and transport of liquid and solid materials.
A Sulfur‐Tolerant MOF‐Based Single‐Atom Fe Catalyst for Efficient Oxidation of NO and Hg0
Authors: Yang Weijie , Liu Xiaoshuo , Chen Xuelu , Cao Yue , Cui Shaoping , Jiao Long , Wu Chongchong , Chen Chuanmin , Fu Dong , Gates Ian D. , Gao Zhengyang , Jiang Hai‐Long 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCatalytic oxidation of NO and Hg0 is a crucial step to eliminate multiple pollutants from emissions from coal‐fired power plants. However, traditional catalysts exhibit low catalytic activity and poor sulfur resistance due to low activation ability and poor adsorption selectivity. Herein, a single‐atom Fe decorated N‐doped carbon catalyst (Fe1‐N4‐C), with abundant Fe1‐N4 sites, based on a Fe‐doped metal–organic framework is developed to oxidize NO and Hg0. The results demonstrate that the Fe1‐N4‐C has ultrahigh catalytic activity for oxidizing NO and Hg0 at low and room temperature. More importantly, Fe1‐N4‐C exhibits robust sulfur resistance as it preferably adsorbs reactants over sulfur oxides, which has never been achieved before with traditional catalysts. Furthermore, SO2 boosts the catalytic oxidation of NO over Fe1‐N4‐C through accelerating the circulation of active sites. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the Fe1‐N4 active sites result in a low energy barrier and high adsorption selectivity, providing detailed molecular‐level understanding for its excellent catalytic performance. This is the first report on NO and Hg0 oxidation over single‐atom catalysts with strong sulfur tolerance. The outcomes demonstrate that single‐atom catalysts are promising candidates for catalytic oxidation of NO and Hg0 enabling cleaner coal‐fired power plant operations.