bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new experimental setup for time-resolved measurements of interactions between gas jets and flexible surfaces
Authors: Burkert Johannes , Schwarze Rüdiger 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to present a new setup for time-resolved measurements of the interactions between gas jets and flexible surfaces. Such interactions are dominated by characteristic surface deformations and gas-driven surface waves. Previous works have studied the gas–surface interaction only in a sectional plane but not as a three-dimensional problem. In our setup, surface deformations and waves were generated by the impingement of a supersonic jet on a flexible surface made of a silicon membrane. The inlet pressure of the Laval nozzle was varied from 0.8 bar to 3 bar and the nozzle surface distance was set in the range of 30–120 mm with respect to the flat surface. The entire surface area and its behavior were recorded using a high-speed camera. The evaluation was based on the pixel intensity values of the recorded surface images during the jet impingement. A fast Fourier transformation was applied to the results to determine the dominant frequencies of surface movements in detail. From this, low- and high-frequency events on the surface can be derived. Correlations between the main process parameters, nozzle distance, nozzle inlet pressure and characteristic surface behavior were deduced and mapped.
Numerical investigation of current distributions around defects in high temperature superconducting CORC® cables
Authors: Teyber Reed , Marchevsky Maxim , Martinez Aurora Cecilia Araujo , Prestemon Soren , Weiss Jeremy , van der Laan Danko 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
High performance ReBCO magnet prototypes are typically monitored and protected with voltage measurements, however a variance in safe operating limits has been observed. A potential issue arises from current redistribution phenomena associated with unidentified defects in cables composed of ReBCO tapes. In this work, a network model is developed to simulate current and voltage distributions around defects in CORC® cables. The evolving network of conductor overlap is evaluated. Trends in CORC® operation at 77 K are presented, and it is shown that power dissipation in an I–V curve depends strongly on a third dimension of defect magnitude. The predictive tool is then coupled with a differential evolution algorithm to recommend optimal CORC® layering topologies based on reel-to-reel tape measurements. The developed model facilitates understanding of CORC® cable phenomena, and the results suggest high temperature superconducting magnet protection can be improved with cable and defect characterization efforts.
Combination projection synchronization of fractional-order complex dynamic networks with time-varying delay couplings and disturbances
Authors: Fang Jie , Wei Da , Yin NanNan , Yu PeiZhao , Liu Peng 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this paper, the problem of combination projection synchronization of fractional-order complex dynamic networks with time-varying delay couplings and external interferences is studied. Firstly, the definition of combination projection synchronization of fractional-order complex dynamic networks is given, and the synchronization problem of the drive-response systems is transformed into the stability problem of the error system. In addition, time-varying delays and disturbances are taken into consideration to make the network synchronization more practical and universal. Then, based on Lyapunov stability theory and fractional inequality theory, the adaptive controller is formulated to make the drive and response systems synchronization by the scaling factors. The controller is easier to realize because there is no time-delay term in the controller. At last, the corresponding simulation examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
High precision solutions to quantized vortices within Gross–Pitaevskii equation
Authors: Peng Hao-Hao , Deng Jian , Lou Sen-Yue , Wang Qun 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The dynamics of vortices in Bose–Einstein condensates of dilute cold atoms can be well formulated by Gross–Pitaevskii equation. To better understand the properties of vortices, a systematic method to solve the nonlinear differential equation for the vortex to very high precision is proposed. Through two-point Padé approximants, these solutions are presented in terms of simple rational functions, which can be used in the simulation of vortex dynamics. The precision of the solutions is sensitive to the connecting parameter and the truncation orders. It can be improved significantly with a reasonable extension in the order of rational functions. The errors of the solutions and the limitation of two-point Padé approximants are discussed. This investigation may shed light on the exact solution to the nonlinear vortex equation.
QCD at finite temperature and density within the fRG approach: an overview
Authors: Fu Wei-jie 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we present an overview on recent progress in studies of QCD at finite temperature and densities within the functional renormalization group (fRG) approach. The fRG is a nonperturbative continuum field approach, in which quantum, thermal and density fluctuations are integrated successively with the evolution of the renormalization group (RG) scale. The fRG results for the QCD phase structure and the location of the critical end point (CEP), the QCD equation of state (EoS), the magnetic EoS, baryon number fluctuations confronted with recent experimental measurements, various critical exponents, spectral functions in the critical region, the dynamical critical exponent, etc, are presented. Recent estimates of the location of the CEP from first-principle QCD calculations within fRG and Dyson–Schwinger equations, which pass through lattice benchmark tests at small baryon chemical potentials, converge in a rather small region at baryon chemical potentials of about 600 MeV. A region of inhomogeneous instability indicated by a negative wave function renormalization is found withμB≳ 420 MeV. It is found that the non-monotonic dependence of the kurtosis of the net-proton number distributions on the beam collision energy observed in experiments could arise from the increasingly sharp crossover in the regime of low collision energy.
A random energy approach to deep learning
Authors: Xie Rongrong , Marsili Matteo 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We study a generic ensemble of deep belief networks (DBN) which is parametrized by the distribution of energy levels of the hidden states of each layer. We show that, within a random energy approach, statistical dependence can propagate from the visible to deep layers only if each layer is tuned close to the critical point during learning. As a consequence, efficiently trained learning machines are characterised by a broad distribution of energy levels. The analysis of DBNs and restricted Boltzmann machines on different datasets confirms these conclusions.
Exactly solvable model of a passive Brownian heat engine and its comparison with active engines
Authors: Majumdar Rita , Saha Arnab , Marathe Rahul 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We perform an extensive analysis of passive as well as active micro-heat engines with different single-particle stochastic models. Using stochastic thermodynamics we calculate the thermodynamic work, heat, entropy production and efficiency of passive and active Brownian heat engines analytically, as well as numerically, and compare them. We run the heat engines with a protocol for which the average thermodynamic quantities are calculated exactly for an arbitrary cycle time. We also discuss the group of protocols for which exact non-quasistatic calculations can be done, completely in the passive engine case and partially in the active engines. We obtain detailed thermodynamics of non-quasistatic (i.e. powerful) single-particle micro heat engines. The quasistatic (i.e. zero power) limit of the results is obtained by taking a long (infinite) cycle time. We also study the distributions of position of the confined particle in both passive and active engines. We compare their characteristics in terms of the parameter that measures the competition between the active persistence in the particle position (due to active noises) and the harmonic confinement. We also calculate excess kurtosis that measures the non-Gaussianity of these distributions. Our analysis shows that the efficiency of such thermal machines can be enhanced or reduced depending on the activity present in the model.
Ship Navigation and Fuel Profiling based on Noon Report using Neural Network Generative Modeling
Authors: Hadi J , Tay Z Y , Konovessis D 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Harbor craft historical routes contain valuable information on how the experienced crews navigate around the known waters while performing jobs. The noon report logs each job timeframe which can be used to segregate the time-series positional data as routes. Other information from the noon report such as fuel consumption could be associated with a particular job as well. This paper offers a solution to encompass crew navigational experience into neural network models. The variational autoencoder, which is a generative model, can capture the routes into a knowledge base model. The same variational autoencoder is also able to train other neural networks to make predictions of route and fuel consumption based on job metadata (I.e., job duration, activity area, and route classification). The predicted routes could be used as a cost map for pathfinding algorithms such as A* or Dijkstra.
Ship-Shore Interaction: The Model in the Middle
Authors: Hagaseth Marianne , Juhl Jeppe Skovbakke , Rødseth Ørnulf Jan , Scherpenzeel Ben van , Wurff Andreas Maria van der 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The complex picture of maritime transport involving more than 100 thousand ships, more than 8000 ports and a large number of stakeholders fulfilling different roles and being responsible for different processes means that providing up-to-date and timely information during port calls is a complex task. In addition, there are requirements to reduce both the environmental footprint and costs of the maritime transport. From 2019, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) made it mandatory to accept electronic clearance of ships entering foreign ports, meaning that the digitalization of ship-port interfaces to support the port call processes has become an important topic. Further, this means that the interoperability between a large number of ICT systems to support the end-users related to a port call, must be ensured. This paper describes the model in the middle, by which we mean a "least common multiple" regarding data elements and data models to support a consistent exchange of information between preferably all involved stakeholders during a port call.
Concept design of a digital twin architecture for ship structural health management
Authors: Cheng Zhiping , Tan Eric , Cai Minbo , Magee Allan Ross 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Ocean-going vessels frequently experience severe weather conditions. Occasionally, the actual environmental loads are much larger than design values, resulting in deviations from design conditions that may cause serious structural damage. A structural digital twin can enhance predictability and reliability of marine structures, and thus provide vessel operators, owners, and stakeholders with a more accurate overview of a vessel’s condition. It can also help reduce lifecycle costs through proposing rational and optimal inspection, maintenance, repair programs, and assist on maximizing service life and mission availability. This paper uses a benchmark vessel to investigate structural behaviors of the vessel through dynamic loading approach. The correlation between structure members and critical responses are established, and high stress concentration areas have been identified. Subsequently, this paper develops a conceptual digital twin architecture. The proposed digital twin predicts responses of the entire structure to measured or predicted environmental conditions with a hybrid model combining numerical simulations with measurements. While the traditional structural monitoring system focuses on the health condition of typical hot spots, the proposed digital twin may improve structural health awareness of the entire hull structure based on a limited number of sensors.
Objective and intelligent training assessment package for maritime training in simulator
Authors: Sam O , Le D , Ang G A , Liu Y , Zhang D 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Training in simulator has been used in maritime domain for years due to its cost-effective nature. Different scenarios with varied visibility, traffic density, weather conditions, etc. could be easily set up in the simulators. However, the existing build-in training and assessment package in the simulators is rigid as it does not take into consideration the change in traffic and navigational environment. Human experts are always involved to observe and assess the performance of trainees. An objective and intelligent training and assessment package is proposed to assist the experts in training to ensure objectivity and consistency. To identify the gaps and determine the relevance and the adequacy of the existing build-in assessment in the simulator, online survey has been distributed to the shipping companies and associations. The survey has gathered inputs on the actual shipboard practices when the seafarers are navigating in Singapore waters. This includes different types of vessels, vessel sizes, and external environment conditions such as visibility. The outcome of this analysis is used to form the baseline of a common practice at sea and used in the training and assessment package, which provides consistency in setting the critical training parameters. The training and assessment package reads the data from an advanced navigation research simulator and is able to sense changes and update itself in accordance with user-defined environment. Several assessment modules such as CPA under different traffic density and visibility, minimum distance from other vessels, rate of turn at different speed and loading conditions, will be covered by this training and assessment package.
Model-Based Design and Safety Assessment for Crewless Autonomous Vessel
Authors: Nakashima Takuya , Kutsuna Koji , Kureta Rui , Nishiyama Hisaki , Yanagihara Tomoya , Nakamura Jun , Ando Hideyuki , Murayama Hideaki , Kuwahara Satoru 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The Designing the Future of Full Autonomous Ship (DFFAS) Project conducted the crewless maritime autonomous surface ship long-distance demonstration in congested waters in March 2022. This study shows a model-based systematic design methodology and a safety evaluation method for autonomous ships conducted through this project. A reference model of ConOps (Concept of Operations) for autonomous navigation systems is proposed using the DFFAS system as an example. System Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA) is also applied at the subsystem and component levels according to the actual system development phase to extract appropriate granularity of safety requirements.
Development of Recommendations for Digital Testing of MASS Navigation Safety prior to Sea Trials
Authors: Chua Kie Hian , Coutinho Savio , Norahim Aizad , Konovessis Dimitrios 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
For Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS), a key area that has seen active development is in the use of autonomous capabilities for vessel navigation and control. This can range from a simple use case of waypoint navigation, which takes into account bathymetry and navigation markers, to complex collision avoidance scenarios where the autonomous systems are required to detect, evaluate and execute evasive manoeuvres based on time and spatially varying dynamic behaviour of other vessels. In Singapore, it has been identified that there is a need to carry out accurate digital testing of MASS navigation safety before sea trials. This is where a vessel developer is required to demonstrate that the MASS is able to carry out the sea trials safely, and to stress test high risk scenarios that may not be practicably tested in the sea trials. A study has been carried out to develop recommendations for the digital testing, which takes into consideration the need for accurate representation of the actual MASS being built, as well as the verification of the autonomous navigation algorithm’s capabilities to safely control the vessel in real-world scenarios. Based on the study, a three-stage framework is proposed. Firstly, the accuracy of the digital model in representing the dynamic responses of the actual vessel is verified and any discrepancy with benchmark data is to be quantified. Secondly, tests are carried out to ascertain that the autonomous navigation algorithm is able to control (virtually) the dynamically-accurate vessel from one point to another, taking into account the real-world environmental loads. Lastly, the ability of the autonomous navigation algorithm in carrying out collision detection and avoidance is verified. As part of the study, a review of the current state-of-art and engagement with the industry has been carried out. These details are described in this paper.
Ship route optimization using hybrid physics-guided machine learning
Authors: Jørgensen Ulrik , Belingmo Pauline Røstum , Murray Brian , Berge Svein Peder , Pobitzer Armin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This paper presents a method for energy efficient weather routing of a ferry in Norway. Historical operational data from the ferry and environmental data are used to develop two models that predict the energy consumption. The first is a purely data-driven linear regression energy model, while the second is as a hybrid model, combining physical models with data-driven models using machine learning techniques. With an established energy model, it is possible to develop a route optimization that proposes efficient routes with less energy usage compared to fixed speed and heading control.
Development of Monte Carlo based treatment planning system for BNCT
Authors: Chen Jiang , Teng Yi-Chiao , Zhong Wan-Bing , Yang Hai-Bo , Hong Qing , Liu Yuan-Hao 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A treatment planning system (TPS) plays a major role for a successful radiotherapy, directly influencing the calculated dose accuracy, and thus the treatment quality. Multifunctional Arithmetic for Neutron Transportation Analysis (NeuMANTA), a TPS especially designed for complete workflow for BNCT, which aims to provide high precision dose calculation with maximizing the efficacy. The dedicated MC engine COMPASS seamlessly embedded in NeuMANTA can be called for dose distribution calculation in background. Optimized cross-section library, parallel computing, and various variance reduction techniques are applied to speed up the particle transportations. A benchmark was performed between NeuMANTA and MCNP6, and results agreed well with no significant statistical difference, however, NeuMANTA needs only half of the calculation time. The accuracy of estimated doses, and complete treatment workflow are the main features in NeuMANTA.
Synchronization time in two coupled cluster networks based on discontinuous map
Authors: Yang Yunfeng , Bai Xue 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The synchronization time in the coupled discontinuous maps is investigated. The results show that the synchronization time of the coupled discontinuous systems exhibits a non-monotonic behaviour as the coupling strength increases. Moreover, a coexistence attractor, which consists of a period state and synchronization one, is found, and it exhibits a riddle basin character. The initial conditions of coupled systems, which is close to the basin boundary of period attractor, can lead to a long quasiperiodic transient, and the trajectory jumps from one region to another one in the phase space. Finally, the non-monotonic behaviour of the synchronization time of the coupled discontinuous systems is also checked in other types of discontinuous maps.
A novel voltage protection method for multi-cell lithium-ion battery protection IC
Authors: Chen Zhijian , Wu Xinyi , Li Bin , Lin Xiaoling , Xiao Rui , Feng Guangyin , Wang Yanjie 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Lithium batteries have been widely used in portable electronic devices and other electric products. To ensure safety and long life, a lithium battery needs to be equipped with a protection chip. A novel voltage protection method for three-cell lithium-ion battery protection IC (Integrated Circuit) is proposed in this paper. A new voltage protection circuit structure and a three-cell lithium battery voltage sampling circuit are presented to improve the circuit performance of the chip and reduce the dynamic power consumption and chip area of the system. With a new time-division multiplexing circuit structure, the area and power consumption of the chip are greatly reduced. Moreover, this solution can be extended to any number of lithium battery packs connected in series for voltage protection. Testing results show that the overcharge detection accuracy can achieve better than ±15mV, the over-discharge detection accuracy can achieve ±7.5mV, the power consumption of the voltage protection module is 1.7μA, and the area is 300μm×500μm2.
Cascade integration of nonlinear phenomena exhibited by monometallic nanoparticles
Authors: Estrada-León Soledad D. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this work were numerically analyzed the third-order nonlinear optical effects exhibited by combinations of uncoupled monometallic silver, gold and platinum nanoparticles. The nanosystems were considered to be homogeneous and surrounded by a dielectric matrix. The design of the nanostructures was evaluated as a collective behavior resulting from the specific order of the set in trilayer tandem form. The characteristic Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance phenomena in the yellow, green and ultraviolet absorption bands for the Ag, Au and Pt; respectively, were considered. Different permutations of the three kind of monometallic elements selected in sequence were studied by using the wave equation and the finite difference method. Immediate indications useful for exploring nonlinear nanodevices and for building up nanostructured platforms based on nanoscale functions can be anticipated from this work.
Simulation system of lighting environment for optical imaging test
Authors: Zhang Lei , Yang Yu , Zhao Shuai , Xu Wenbin , Cai Bolin , Wang Keyi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In order to overcome the shortcomings of the solar simulator in the aspect of the performance testing for optical imaging system, a lighting environment simulation system is designed. We select dysprosium lamp, xenon lamp and multiple LEDs as light sources of the solar simulator, and the change of the sun zenith angle is simulated by using the symmetrical method of the light source. Also, the light intensity is controlled by adjusting the output current of the power supply. Lighting environment simulation system not only can simulate spectral irradiance and intensity change of real solar, but also can simulate the real sun depending on the season and the angle of illumination period. This system provided a technical support for the performance testing of optical imaging systems.
Oscillating charge currents of one-dimensional Hubbard model in electric field
Authors: Zheng Yong 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The time evolution properties of charge current for the one-dimensional Hubbard model in an electric field have been studied in a rigorous manner. We find that there is a complete and orthonormal set of time-evolution states for which the charge current can only keep zero or oscillate constantly, differing from the possible picture of damped or over-damped Bloch oscillations due to strong correlations. It is also found that, associated with these states, there is a set of constant phase factors, which are uniquely determined and are very useful on discussing the long-time evolution behaviors of the system.