bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sterile versus clean urinary catheterisation is not associated with post‐transplantation infection
Authors: Jolly Samantha , Court‐Kowalski Stefan , Lu Victoria , Roberts Matthew , Olakkengil Santosh , Coates Patrick T. H. , Bhattacharjya Shantanu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe objective of this study is to determine if there was a difference in rate of post‐transplantation urinary tract infection (UTI) in patients who have an indwelling catheter inserted using sterile versus clean technique. UTI is the most common nosocomial infection in the post‐transplantation period. We aim to describe risk factors associated with postoperative UTI in our institution and determine if there was a difference between those who have an indwelling catheter inserted using sterile versus clean technique. Risk factors for UTIs can be divided into recipient, donor, and procedure related factors. While an indwelling urinary catheter increases the risk of infection, it is vital for post‐operative fluid balance monitoring. Given the morbidity of UTIs in transplant recipients, a number of studies have investigated modifiable risk factors; however, investigation of the technique of indwelling catheter insertion at the time of renal transplantation is yet to be examined. A retrospective analysis of a contemporaneously maintained database was performed of renal transplant recipients over a 2‐year period from 2019–2021. Patients were divided into sterile versus clean technique, defined as the use of sterile gloves, gown and fenestrated drape following a surgical scrub, or sterile gloves alone following the use of alcohol‐based hand sanitiser respectively. A p value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. One hundred sixty‐nine patients were included in analysis, with 31 UTIs (18.3%) within 30 days of renal transplantation. Female gender and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease were associated with a higher rate of UTI. One hundred twenty‐three patients had a catheter inserted via sterile technique, and 46 with clean technique, with no significant difference in rate of post‐operative UTI (p = 0.52). Inserting an indwelling catheter either by sterile or clean technique at the time of renal transplantation was not associated with the rate of postoperative UTI within 30 days.
B cells going viral in theCNS: Dynamics, complexities, and functions of B cells responding to viral encephalitis
Authors: Cardani‐Boulton Amber , Boylan Brendan T. , Stetsenko Volodymyr , Bergmann Cornelia C. 
Published: August 2022

SummaryA diverse number of DNA and RNA viruses have the potential to invade the central nervous system (CNS), causing inflammation and injury to cells that have a limited capacity for repair and regeneration. While rare, viral encephalitis in humans is often fatal and survivors commonly suffer from permanent neurological sequelae including seizures. Established treatment options are extremely limited, predominantly relying on vaccines, antivirals, or supportive care. Many viral CNS infections are characterized by the presence of antiviral antibodies in the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF), indicating local maintenance of protective antibody secreting cells. However, the mechanisms maintaining these humoral responses are poorly characterized. Furthermore, while both viral and autoimmune encephalitis are associated with the recruitment of diverse B cell subsets to the CNS, their protective and pathogenic roles aside from antibody production are just beginning to be understood. This review will focus on the relevance of B cell responses to viral CNS infections, with an emphasis on the importance of intrathecal immunity and the potential contribution to autoimmunity. Specifically, it will summarize the newest data characterizing B cell activation, differentiation, migration, and localization in clinical samples as well as experimental models of acute and persistent viral encephalitis.
Analysis of the clinical features and risk factors of device‐related pressure injuries in the operating room
Authors: Ma Ling‐Yu , Chen Hong‐Lin , Gu Hai‐Yan , Hua Li , Gao Xiao‐Mei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTo describe the clinical features and risk factors of device‐related pressure injuries (DRPIs) in the operating room. The clinical features of the DRPIs in patients undergoing elective surgery in a tertiary hospital in 2020 were investigated through prospective data collection. A DRPI‐related questionnaire was designed for the patients, and those who did not experience any DRPI were selected according to a ratio of 1:2. Logistic regression analysis was performed in terms of the independent risk factors of operating‐room DRPIs. A P‐value of <.05 indicated a statistically significant difference. The incidence of operating‐room DRPIs was 0.56%, and the proportion of stage I injuries was 73.53%. The injury‐related devices included vital monitoring devices (31.62%), auxiliary therapy devices (27.94%), therapy devices (19.12%), and dressings (3.67%). Non‐bone protuberances, such as the upper arms and thighs, were common injury sites. The patients' body mass index, mean arterial pressure, and instrument action time were independent risk factors for the operating‐room DRPIs. To reduce the incidence of operating‐room DRPIs, it is of great clinical significance to focus on the characteristics of the surgical patients and the types of surgery‐related devices used and to take personalised preventive measures based on the relevant risk factors.
The role of rapid guessing and test‐taking persistence in modelling test‐taking engagement
Authors: Nagy Gabriel , Ulitzsch Esther , Lindner Marlit Annalena 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundItem response times in computerized assessments are frequently used to identify rapid guessing behaviour as a manifestation of response disengagement. However, non‐rapid responses (i.e., with longer response times) are not necessarily engaged, which means that response‐time‐based procedures could overlook disengaged responses. Therefore, the identification of disengaged responses could be improved by considering additional indicators of disengagement. We investigated the extent to which decreases in individuals' item solution probabilities over the course of a test reflect disengaged response behaviour.ObjectivesTo disentangle different types of possibly disengaged responses and better understand non‐effortful test‐taking behaviour, we augmented responses‐time‐based procedures for identifying rapid guessing with strategies for detecting disengaged responses on the basis of performance declines in non‐rapid responses.MethodsWe combined item response theory (IRT) models for rapid guessing and test‐taking persistence to examine the capability of response times and item positions to capture response disengagement. We used a computerized assessment in which science items were randomly distributed across positions for each student. This allowed us to estimate individual differences in test‐taking persistence (i.e., the duration for which the initial level of performance is maintained) while accounting for rapid responses.Results and ConclusionsResponse times did not fully explain disengagement; item responses reflected test‐taking persistence even when rapid responses were accounted for. This interpretation was supported by a strong correlation of test‐taking persistence with decreases in self‐reported test‐taking effort. Furthermore, our results suggest that IRT models for test‐taking persistence can effectively account for the undesirable impact of low test‐taking effort even when response times are unavailable.
NUCLEAR PORE ANCHOR and EARLY IN SHORT DAYS 4 negatively regulate abscisic acid signaling by inhibiting Snf1‐related protein kinase2 activity and stability in Arabidopsis
Authors: Chang Ya‐Nan , Wang Zhijuan , Ren Ziyin , Wang Chun‐Han , Wang Pengcheng , Zhu Jian‐Kang , Li Xia , Duan Cheng‐Guo 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTAbscisic acid (ABA) is a key regulator of plant responses to abiotic stresses, such as drought. Abscisic acid receptors and coreceptors perceive ABA to activate Snf1‐related protein kinase2s (SnRK2s) that phosphorylate downstream effectors, thereby activating ABA signaling and the stress response. As stress responses come with fitness penalties for plants, it is crucial to tightly control SnRK2 kinase activity to restrict ABA signaling. However, how SnRK2 kinases are inactivated remains elusive. Here, we show that NUCLEAR PORE ANCHOR (NUA), a nuclear pore complex (NPC) component, negatively regulates ABA‐mediated inhibition of seed germination and post‐germination growth, and drought tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. The role of NUA in response to ABA depends on SnRK2.2 and SnRK2.3 for seed germination and on SnRK2.6 for drought. NUA does not directly inhibit the phosphorylation of these SnRK2s or affects their abundance. However, the NUA‐interacting protein EARLY IN SHORT DAYS 4 (ESD4), a SUMO protease, negatively regulates ABA signaling by directly interacting with and inhibiting SnRK2 phosphorylation and protein levels. More importantly, we demonstrated that SnRK2.6 can be SUMOylated in vitro, and ESD4 inhibits its SUMOylation. Taken together, we identified NUA and ESD4 as SnRK2 kinase inhibitors that block SnRK2 activity, and reveal a mechanism whereby NUA and ESD4 negatively regulate plant responses to ABA and drought stress possibly through SUMOylation‐dependent regulation of SnRK2s.
Low temperature eclogite facies rocks discovered in the Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis: Poly‐cyclic metamorphic evolution and implications
Authors: Li Wangchao , Yin Changqing , Zhang Zeming , Cawood Peter A. , Li Shun , Zhang Jian , Ding Huixia , Qian Jiahui , Zhang Yanling 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe report the first occurrence of poly‐cyclic high‐pressure low‐temperature (HP‐LT) rocks from the easternmost Indus‐Yarlung suture zone, formed during subduction of Neo‐Tethyan oceanic lithosphere. Petrology, mineral composition and P–T pseudosection modelling reveal two low‐temperature eclogite facies metamorphic events with an initial high‐pressure P–T condition of 16.4–18.7 kbar and 510–520°C, exhumation to 10.5–12.0 kbar and 580–590°C and a subsequent second high‐pressure P–T condition of ~16 kbar and ~560°C and exhumation to ≤9 kbar and ≤600°C. This history implies a complex ‘yo‐yo type’ P–T path. In situ monazite dating and textural relationships show that late‐stage exhumation, cooling and garnet breakdown occurred at c. ~25–22 Ma. We interpret the first burial event to represent subduction of the Neo‐Tethys Ocean at the eastern Indus‐Yarlung suture zone. Initial exhumation, reburial and final exhumation represent material transport in a large‐scale convective circulation system in the subduction channel. Convective overturn in the subduction channel evidently serves both as a mechanism to produce poly‐cyclic metamorphism and to exhume LT eclogite facies rocks.
Persistent T‐cell exhaustion in relation to prolonged pulmonary pathology and death after severe COVID‐19: Results from two Norwegian cohort studies
Authors: Trøseid Marius , Dahl Tuva B. , Holter Jan C. , Kildal Anders B. , Murphy Sarah L. , Yang Kuan , Quiles‐Jiménez Ana , Heggelund Lars , Müller Karl Erik , Tveita Anders , Michelsen Annika E. , Bøe Simen , Holten Aleksander R. , Hoel Hedda , Mathiessen Alexander , Aaløkken Trond M. , Fevang Børre , Granerud Beathe K. , Tonby Kristian , Henriksen Katerina N. , Lerum Tøri V. , Müller Fredrik , Skjønsberg Ole H. , Barratt‐Due Andreas , Dyrhol‐Riise Anne M. , Aukrust Pål , Halvorsen Bente , Ueland Thor ,   NOR‐SOLIDARITY Consortium,   Norwegian SARS‐CoV‐2 study group
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundT‐cell activation is associated with an adverse outcome in COVID‐19, but whether T‐cell activation and exhaustion relate to persistent respiratory dysfunction and death is unknown.ObjectivesTo investigate whether T‐cell activation and exhaustion persist and are associated with prolonged respiratory dysfunction and death after hospitalization for COVID‐19.MethodsPlasma and serum from two Norwegian cohorts of hospitalized patients with COVID‐19 (n = 414) were analyzed for soluble (s) markers of T‐cell activation (sCD25) and exhaustion (sTim‐3) during hospitalization and follow‐up.ResultsBoth markers were strongly associated with acute respiratory failure, but only sTim‐3 was independently associated with 60‐day mortality. Levels of sTim‐3 remained elevated 3 and 12 months after hospitalization and were associated with pulmonary radiological pathology after 3 months.ConclusionOur findings suggest prolonged T‐cell exhaustion is an important immunological sequela, potentially related to long‐term outcomes after severe COVID‐19.
Alloimmunization in dogs after transfusion: A serial cross‐match study
Authors: Herter Lisa , Weingart Christiane , Merten Nina , Bock Nicole , Merle Roswitha , Kohn Barbara 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundCross‐matching is performed to determine the serological compatibility of donor and recipient blood. Current guidelines recommend that cross‐matching should be performed in dogs when an initial transfusion was performed more than 4 days ago or when the transfusion history is unknown.HypothesisDetermination at what time point alloantibodies are detected in dogs after transfusion. The hypothesis was that dogs would form alloantibodies within 4 days after a transfusion.AnimalsTwenty‐one anemic dogs were transfused and monitored for at least 4 subsequent days. Exclusion criteria were persistent red blood cell (RBC) agglutination and a previous transfusion.MethodsProspective observational study. Cross‐matching was performed before the initial DEA 1‐compatible transfusion and on days 1, 2, 3, and 4 and if possible, between day 5 and 28, using the tube method without enhancement (major cross‐match, recipient controls); recipients were monitored for transfusion reactions.ResultsIn 12/21 dogs a positive cross‐match (microscopic degree of agglutination [AD] 1+ to 2+) was observed within 4 days after the transfusion. In a nonlinear regression model, no significant association was detected between type of anemia (P = .41), RBC storage time (P = .44), immunosuppressive treatment (P = .75) nor transfusion volume (P = .70) and the occurrence of positive cross‐matches within 4 days after transfusion. Another 4 dogs developed a positive cross‐match (microscopic AD 1+ to 2+) after 6 to 13 days.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceBecause production of alloantibodies was detected as early as 1 day after transfusion, cross‐matching should be performed before every subsequent transfusion.
Molecular circumscription of the blackfly Simulium oyapockense from South America
Authors: Hamada Neusa , Andrade‐Souza Vanderly , De Paul Marcela , Nascimento Jeane Marcelle Cavalcante 
Published: August 2022

AbstractProblems related to the identity of Simuliidae species are impediments to effective disease control in Amazonia. Some of these species, such as Simulium oyapockense Floch & Abonnenc, 1946 (Diptera: Simuliidae), are vectors of the organisms that cause onchocerciasis and mansonellosis diseases. This blackfly species has a wide distribution in South America, and it is suspected of being a complex of cryptic species. The aim of this study is to characterize the nominal species S. oyapockense using partial COI gene sequences. Seven populations of S. oyapockense (morphologically identified) were analysed, including one from its type‐locality. The other six populations were collected in Brazil and in Argentina. A taxon collected in Amazonas state, Brazil, with adults similar to S. oyapockense but with distinct pupae, was also included in the analysis (Simulium ‘S’). The nominal species S. oyapockense is circumscribed, and its geographical distribution is restricted to areas north of the Amazon River. Populations of S. oyapockense s.l. collected south of the Amazon River comprise a species complex that needs to be evaluated using integrative taxonomy. Simulium ‘S’ represents a species with unique morphological and molecular characteristics. Distinguishing cryptic species is a prerequisite for reducing the taxonomic impediment, especially in medically important taxa.
Gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels in the midcingulate cortex and clozapine response in patients with treatment‐resistant schizophrenia: A proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H‐MRS) study
Authors: Ueno Fumihiko , Nakajima Shinichiro , Iwata Yusuke , Honda Shiori , Torres‐Carmona Edgardo , Mar Wanna , Tsugawa Sakiko , Truong Peter , Plitman Eric , Noda Yoshihiro , Mimura Masaru , Sailasuta Napapon , Mikkelsen Mark , Edden Richard A.E. , De Luca Vincenzo , Remington Gary , Gerretsen Philip , Graff‐Guerrero Ariel 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundGamma‐Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. GABAergic dysfunction has been implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Clozapine, the only approved drug for treatment‐resistant schizophrenia (TRS), involves the GABAergic system as one of its targets. However, no studies have investigated the relationship between brain GABA levels, as measured by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H‐MRS), and clozapine response in patients with TRS.MethodsThis study enrolled patients with TRS who did not respond to clozapine (ultra‐resistant schizophrenia: URS) and who responded to clozapine (non‐URS), patients with schizophrenia who responded to first‐line antipsychotics (first‐line responders: FLR), and healthy controls (HCs). We measured GABA levels in the midcingulate cortex (MCC) using 3T1H‐MRS and compared these levels among the groups. The associations between GABA levels and symptom severity were also explored within the patient groups.ResultsA total of 98 participants (URS:n = 22; non‐URS:n = 25; FLR:n = 16; HCs:n = 35) completed the study. We found overall group differences in MCC GABA levels (F(3,86) = 3.25,P = 0.04). Specifically, patients with URS showed higher GABA levels compared to those with non‐URS (F(1,52) = 8.40,P = 0.03, Cohen'sd = 0.84). MCC GABA levels showed no associations with any of the symptom severity scores within each group or the entire patient group.ConclusionOur study is the first to report elevated GABA levels in the MCC in patients with schizophrenia resistant to clozapine treatment compared with those responsive to clozapine. Longitudinal studies are required to evaluate if GABA levels are a suitable biomarker to predict clozapine resistance.
The Influence of Interparental Conflict and Violence on Parenting and Parent–Child Relationships
Authors: Kopystynska Olena , Mueller Janina , Bradford Kay , Chandler Alexa B. , Foran Heather M. , Higginbotham Brian J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis conceptual review summarizes two decades of research on conflict management behaviors and their implications for family functioning. We review the accumulated research on the impact of three common conflict resolution strategies – destructive interparental conflict, constructive interparental conflict, and intimate partner violence – on parenting and parent–child relationships, including child abuse. Our review is based on published peer‐reviewed articles that include families with minor children of various ethnic and racial compositions and diverse family forms. We also provide a brief overview of the literature covering correlates of specific conflict management behaviors and comment on the effectiveness (or lack thereof) of intervention programs that focus on improving family well‐being. We conclude with suggestions for future research.
Mutation of OsMYB60 reduces rice resilience to drought stress by attenuating cuticular wax biosynthesis
Authors: Jian Lei , Kang Kiyoon , Choi Yumin , Suh Mi Chung , Paek Nam‐Chon 
Published: August 2022

SUMMARYThe cuticular wax layer on leaf surfaces limits non‐stomatal water loss to the atmosphere and protects against pathogen invasion. Although many genes associated with wax biosynthesis and wax transport in plants have been identified, their regulatory mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we show that the MYB transcription factor OsMYB60 positively regulates cuticular wax biosynthesis and this helps rice (Oryza sativa) plants tolerate drought stress. Compared with the wild type (japonica cultivar ‘Dongjin’), osmyb60 null mutants (osmyb60‐1 and osmyb60‐2) exhibited increased drought sensitivity, with more chlorophyll leaching and higher rates of water loss. Quantitative reverse‐transcription PCR showed that the loss of function of OsMYB60 led to downregulation of wax biosynthesis genes, leading to reduced amounts of total wax components on leaf surfaces under normal conditions. Yeast one‐hybrid, luciferase transient transcriptional activity, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that OsMYB60 directly binds to the promoter of OsCER1 (a key gene involved in very‐long‐chain alkane biosynthesis) and upregulates its expression. Taken together, these results demonstrate that OsMYB60 enhances rice resilience to drought stress by promoting cuticular wax biosynthesis on leaf surfaces.
Spatial patterns of Borrelia burgdorferi, Borrelia miyamotoi and Anaplasma phagocytophilum detected in Ixodes spp. ticks from Canadian companion animals, 2019–2020
Authors: Jacob Anna E. , Weese Jeffrey Scott , Rosseau Joyce , Clow Katie M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIncreasing temperatures due to climate change have contributed to a northward range expansion of Ixodes scapularis ticks in Canada. These ticks harbour pathogens of public and animal health significance, including Borrelia burgdorferi and Anaplasma phagocytophilum, which cause Lyme disease and anaplasmosis, respectively, in humans, dogs and horses, and Borrelia miyamotoi, which causes a flu‐like relapsing fever in humans. To address the risks associated with these vector‐borne zoonotic diseases, continuous tick surveillance is advised. This study examined spatial patterns of B. burgdorferi, B. miyamotoi and A. phagocytophilum from ticks submitted through a national study on ticks of companion animals. From 1 April 2019 to 31 March 2020, we received a total of 1541 eligible submissions from 94 veterinary clinics across Canada. Individual and pooled samples of a maximum of either 5 I. scapularis, I. pacificus or I. angustus samples from the same animal and of the same life stage were screened using real‐time PCR targeting genes 23S rRNA for Borrelia spp. and msp2 for A. phagocytophilum. Confirmatory testing was conducted on all 23S rRNA positive samples using a duplex assay for ospA and flaB to differentiate B. burgdorferi and B. miyamotoi, respectively. Prevalence estimates were highest (>20%) for B. burgdorferi in southwestern Manitoba, eastern Ontario, southwestern Quebec, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. Estimates of B. miyamotoi and A. phagocytophilum were much lower (<5%), except for higher A. phagocytophilum (>5%) estimates for southern Manitoba, eastern Ontario and Prince Edward Island. Findings from this study, combined with other surveillance approaches, can be used to guide veterinary and public health approaches for ticks and tick‐borne diseases.