bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Think of the Children?
Authors: Toossi Saied 
Published: January 2022

AbstractGovernment programs targeting groups perceived to be deserving are more likely to attract support. While children are often assumed to constitute such a group, their effect on public opinion can be theoretically ambiguous and few studies have tested whether highlighting the child beneficiaries of government programs can alter attitudes toward them. It is also unclear how conceptualizations of children’s deservingness vary depending on their race and across segments of the population. Using a nationally representative survey experiment, this study tests the effect of children on attitudes in the context of welfare, a highly politicized and racialized policy domain often associated with the undeserving. More specifically, this study tests whether highlighting the child beneficiaries of the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) can alter attitudes toward it, and whether this effect varies by different racial characterizations of the children and across subgroups of the population. I find that doing so boosts support for SNAP overall and across politically influential constituencies, but that this effect is generally less pronounced when children are characterized as black as compared to white or diverse. These findings enhance our understanding of attitudes toward welfare and contribute to the deservingness literature more broadly.
Supersymmetric gauge theory on the graph
Authors: Matsuura So , Ohta Kazutoshi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We consider two-dimensional ${\cal N} = (2,2)$ supersymmetric gauge theory on discretized Riemann surfaces. We find that the discretized theory can be efficiently described by using graph theory, where the bosonic and fermionic fields are regarded as vectors on a graph and its dual. We first analyze the Abelian theory and identify its spectrum in terms of graph theory. In particular, we show that the fermions have zero modes corresponding to the topology of the graph, which can be understood as kernels of the incidence matrices of the graph and the dual graph. In the continuous theory, a scalar curvature appears as an anomaly in the Ward–Takahashi identity associated with a U(1) symmetry. We find that the same anomaly arises as the deficit angle at each vertex on the graph. By using the localization method, we show that the path integral on the graph reduces to an integral over a set of the zero modes. The partition function is then ill-defined unless suitable operators are inserted. We extend the same argument to the non-Abelian theory and show that the path integral reduces to multiple integrals of Abelian theories at the localization fixed points.
Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Promotes Survival of Hematopoietic Progenitors Ex Vivo and Is Post-Translationally Regulated by DPP4
Authors: Ropa James , Cooper Scott , Broxmeyer Hal E 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Hematopoietic cells are regulated in part by extracellular cues from cytokines. Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) promotes survival, self-renewal, and pluripotency of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESC). While genetic deletion of LIF affects hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs), the direct effect of LIF protein exposure on HPC survival is not known. Furthermore, post-translational modifications (PTM) of LIF and their effects on its function have not been evaluated. We demonstrate that treatment with recombinant LIF preserves mouse and human HPC numbers in stressed conditions when growth factor addition is delayed ex vivo. We show that Lif is upregulated in response to irradiation-induced stress. We reveal novel PTM of LIF where it is cleaved twice by dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) protease so that it loses its 4 N-terminal amino acids. This truncation of LIF down-modulates LIF’s ability to preserve functional HPC numbers ex vivo following delayed growth factor addition. DPP4-truncated LIF blocks the ability of full-length LIF to preserve functional HPC numbers. This LIF role and its novel regulation by DPP4 have important implications for normal and stress hematopoiesis, as well as for other cellular contexts in which LIF and DPP4 are implicated.
Update on the use of allergen challenge chambers in immunotherapy: clinical implications
Authors: Zieglmayer Petra U. , Pfaar Oliver 
Published: January 2022

Purpose of review
This review aims to reflect on and discuss recent evidence of applicability of allergen exposure chambers (AEC) for allergen immunotherapy studies, especially focussing on validation of AECs, technical documentation and future perspectives.

Recent findings
Publications covered by this review summarize the historical background, current status of research use and validation of AEC systems. It describes identified unmet needs regarding comparability of AEC systems, reproducibility of clinical assessments and correlation of AEC-induced symptoms with scores under natural environmental exposure. Furthermore, new information on technical specifications, for example, dimensions, allergen dispersal and validation procedures is highlighted and future activities of the EAACI AEC task force group regarding harmonization of clinical endpoints are delineated.

Summary
AECs are in use for evaluation of allergic patients for over three decades now. As different systems largely vary regarding technical set up and standard assessments, detailed technical documentation must be available. To gain acceptance of regulatory authorities for pivotal immunotherapy trials conducted with the use of AEC system, harmonization of clinical assessments as well as documentation of correlation of clinical AEC outcomes with environmental exposure clinical scores is required.
The Evolving Role of Social Media in Pediatric Orthopaedics
Authors: Chiang Benjamin J. , Lo Karen D. , Jorgensen Alexis A. , Tabaie Sean A. 
Published: January 2022

Background:
Social media has grown significantly and its application in health care has been dramatically accentuated by the COVID-19 pandemic. It is often considered as a “new dimension” of health care, particularly in its ability to provide health information. In 2017, the top social media sites utilized by pediatric orthopaedic surgeons included Facebook, LinkedIn, and Twitter. In our study, we analyze the current social media usage, trends in Instagram and TikTok content, and the perceptions on social media usage among pediatric orthopaedic surgeons.

Methods:
The Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America (POSNA) membership directory was searched for the presence of social media. A review of all Instagram and TikTok posts made by the POSNA members were reviewed. A survey regarding the perception of social media networks and content was distributed to all POSNA members.

Results:
A total of 1231 POSNA members actively practicing in the United States were included in our study. In all, 327 (26.6%) had a LinkedIn profile, 34 (2.8%) had a professional Facebook profile, 15 (1.2%) had a public Instagram account, 0 (0%) had TikTok, and 72 (5.8%) had a professional Twitter account. Fifteen POSNA members with public Instagram accounts had 10,878 followers. A total of 907 Instagram posts were made, 134 (14.8%) of which were education and 462 (50.9%) of which were personal or political. The perception of various social media networks such as Instagram (3.02), Facebook (3.16), and LinkedIn (3.51) were positive on a 5-point Likert scale, while perceptions of TikTok (2.36) and Twitter (2.99) were negative. Educational posts on Instagram (3.19) and Facebook (3.37) were positive.

Conclusions:
We provide an update to the utilization of social media by pediatric orthopaedists. Use of Instagram and TikTok accounts remain rare. Educational posts, when hosted on an appropriate social media platform, are perceived positively among pediatric orthopaedists.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV.
Collision nodal metastasis of bladder cancer and melanoma: The first reported case and literature review
Authors: Sanguedolce Francesca , Troiano Francesco , Musci Giovanni , Zanelii Magda , Zizzo Maurizio , Ascani Stefano , Carrieri Giuseppe , Cormio Luigi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Collision metastasis is a rare phenomenon of concomitant localization of 2 or more different tumors in the same lymph node. In most cases, primary malignancies are synchronous carcinomas arising in the same organ or area of the body. A 82-year-old man presented with hematuria and acute renal failure; he had undergone dermatological consultation ten months ago because of a large deep brown skin lesion in his dorso-lumbar region, which was not excised upon patient’s request. He underwent radical cystectomy with extended pelvic lymphadenectomy due to nonpapillary high-grade urothelial carcinoma, with focal squamous features, infiltrating the bladder wall and prostate gland. In one left iliac lymph node, small foci of metastatic urothelial carcinoma (positive for P63 and CK34betaE12) were close to melanoma cells (positive for HMB45). The patient refused further treatment and died of metastatic disease 12 months after cystectomy. There is no specific clinical feature for nodal collision metastasis. A polymorphic histologic appearance poses the suspect, but immunohistochemical stains are needed to define the primary tumors. Collision metastases are thought to carry a poor prognosis. Their clinical relevance is linked to the fact that the patient faces 2 different metastatic tumors that may require specific multidisciplinary approach once diagnosed as metastatic. We present, to the best of our knowledge, the first case of collision nodal metastasis from bladder cancer and melanoma, and describe its clinical and histopathological characteristics to raise awareness on this rare occurrence, which portends a poorer prognosis than each single tumor.
Retrieval and Characterization of a Plutonium-beryllium Source at the University of Utah
Authors: Olson Codey , Bates William , Cazalas Edward 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A shielded neutron irradiation facility has been constructed to contain a 74 GBq plutonium-beryllium neutron source at the University of Utah. Due to lack of information and recent use, the GEANT4 Monte Carlo Toolkit was used to perform dose assessments and validation of the designed shield and beam port for storage and operational geometries where the source was to be placed. Borated polyethylene was used as the primary shielding material with a lead-lined beam port to collimate neutrons and reduce gamma rays within the active beam profile. The lead lining was found to reduce the gamma-to-neutron ratio within the profile to 0.259 ± 0.001 and maintain an average neutron flux of 4,633.7 ± 10.2 n cm−2 s−1. The measured dose rate of the source at 30 cm from its constructed storage configuration was found to be 22.3 ± 1.1 μSv h−1 and in good agreement with simulated values. This was also close to the target rate of 20 μSv h−1, the public limit for whole-body dose accumulation, imposed on the design. Measurements of the source during its retrieval and placement into the shield show good agreement with the simulated results and provide a strong validation for the future use of the source in experiments at the University of Utah.
Rotavirus Infection in Children <5 Years of Age in Suzhou, China, 2013–2019
Authors: Shen Si , Ren Shaolong , Chen Liling , Xue Jian , Shao Xuejun , Zhang Tao , Zhao Genming 
Published: January 2022

Background:
This study aimed to determine the disease burden and strain distribution of rotavirus in children with diarrhea <5 years old in Suzhou, China.

Methods:
The study was conducted among children with diarrhea <5 years old at Suzhou University Affiliated Children’s Hospital from 2013 to 2019. Rotavirus antigen was detected in clinical laboratory and then sent to Suzhou Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for further molecular analysis. Group A rotavirus (RVA) was detected through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and G-genotype and P-genotype of RVA were tested using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.

Results:
Of a total of 198,130 children with diarrhea, 70,813 (35.7%) were positive for RVA; RVA-related diarrhea was detected in 7798 (20.7%, n = 7798/37,710) inpatients and 63,015 (39.3%, n = 63,015/160,420) outpatients. Most children (92.0%, n = 65,171/70,813) positive for RVA were found as children <3 years old. Children 12-35 months old were reported as the highest prevalence among all age groups. The seasonal peak of RVA was in the autumn and winter. Among all 673 RVA strains genotyped, the G9P[8] strain was reported to be persistently predominant in the pediatric population from 2013 to 2019.

Conclusions:
The burden of diarrhea disease due to rotavirus infection remains high in Suzhou.
Intracameral dexamethasone 9% vs prednisolone acetate 1% in controlling postoperative pain and inflammation in patients undergoing cataract surgery
Authors: Hovanesian John A. , Donnenfeld Eric D. 
Published: January 2022

Purpose:
To compare patient preferences of postoperative cataract surgery topical medication use between a 1-drop and a 3-drop regimen.

Setting:
Two private cataract surgery centers.

Design:
Open-label randomized self-controlled prospective study.

Methods:
This study included 30 patients (60 eyes) undergoing routine cataract surgery in both eyes. In this contralateral eye study, 1 eye of each patient was randomized to the 1-drop regimen of intracameral delivery of moxifloxacin and dexamethasone suspension and topical bromfenac for 30 days. The other eye, randomized to the 3-drop regimen, received topical moxifloxacin 0.5% 4 times a day for 7 days and bromfenac 0.07% daily for 30 days postoperatively, along with prednisolone acetate 1% 4 times a day for 30 days. Patients reported their preferred regimen 2 weeks after the second surgery with a validated questionnaire. Secondary outcomes included subjective ocular pain, inflammation score, and out-of-pocket cost. Intraocular pressure (IOP) and macular thickness were also measured.

Results:
Of the 29 patients, 28 (96.6%) significantly more preferred the eye treated with a 1-drop regimen. Self-reported pain, activity interference, and out-of-pocket cost were significantly less in the 1-drop group. Inflammation and 1-day uncorrected distance visual acuity were also significantly better in the 1-drop group. Macular thickness and mean IOP were similar between groups.

Conclusions:
Intracameral delivery of steroid and antibiotics was preferred by most of the patients undergoing cataract surgery. These eyes had significantly less pain, inflammation, activity interference, and out-of-pocket cost and significantly better uncorrected distance visual acuity at 1 day postoperatively. IOP and macular thickness were similar between groups.
Treatment History Characteristics Associated With Use of Isocarboxazid
Authors: Holm Magnus , Larsen Jens Knud , Ishtiak-Ahmed Kazi , Speed Maria , Gasse Christiane , Østergaard Søren Dinesen 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Purpose/Background
The monoamine oxidase inhibitor isocarboxazid (Marplan) is occasionally used in the treatment of depression, but there is only little knowledge on the nature of the use of isocarboxazid in clinical practice. We aimed to identify treatment history characteristics associated with this use.

Methods/Procedures
Via the nationwide Danish registers, we identified all adult incident users of isocarboxazid in the period from 2001 to 2018, as well as up to 5 matched controls using another antidepressant (matched on date of redeemed prescription, age, sex, and region of residence). The 5-year treatment history of the isocarboxazid users and the controls was assessed via the Danish registers. The association between treatment history characteristics and isocarboxazid use was examined by multivariate conditional logistic regression.

Findings/Results
We identified 1455 isocarboxazid users and 7045 controls using another antidepressant. The following characteristics were associated with statistically significant increased likelihood of receiving isocarboxazid treatment: Prior treatment with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (odds ratio [OR], 1.80 with 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.46–2.23), a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (OR, 4.90; 95% CI, 4.08–5.89), a noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressant (OR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.30–1.88), a tricyclic antidepressant (OR, 5.05; 95% CI, 4.19–6.08), other antidepressants (OR, 4.74; 95% CI, 3.74–6.01), lithium (OR, 6.70; 95% CI, 5.08–8.83), an antipsychotic (OR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.19–1.73), and each diagnosis of depression received in relation to psychiatric hospital treatment (OR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.23–1.39). Forty percent of those initiating isocarboxazid had received treatment with drugs from 5 or more different psychopharmacological classes in the 5 preceding years.

Implications/Conclusions
These findings suggest that isocarboxazid is typically used for treatment-resistant depression, consistent with guideline recommendations.
Examination of Similarities and Quantitative Analysis of Trends Between Admissions Variables and Academic Outcomes
Authors: Keough Kory 
Published: January 2022

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to analyze similarities and trends between admissions variables and academic outcomes of physician assistant (PA) graduate programs to better understand the correlations between them.

Methods:
First, multiple admissions variables were examined individually to determine whether and, if so, why they were similar to each of the following 3 academic outcomes: students' first-time Physician Assistant National Certifying Exam scores and overall and first-term graduate school grade point averages (GPAs). Afterward, trends between those individual academic outcome variables and the independent variables associated with any admissions criteria found to share similarities with individual academic outcomes were analyzed using simultaneous multiple linear regression models. Each model used at least 562 students from a sample set of 566 across 3 different PA graduate school programs.

Results:
Undergraduate GPAs and Graduate Record Examination (GRE) Verbal Reasoning and Quantitative Reasoning scores shared similarities with each academic outcome, and those similarities were included in each regression model. In each model, the undergraduate GPA beta coefficient was greater than the value of the GRE beta coefficients.

Conclusions:
Based on the beta coefficient values, the undergraduate GPA variable appeared to be the nonbinary and non-age-independent variable that trended upward the strongest alongside increases in each academic outcome when other variables were controlled for.
Comparison of Semicustom and Custom UCBL on Lower-Limb Kinematics in Flexible Flatfoot
Authors: Atefe Lesani , Ghomshe Tabatabai , Mahmood Bahramizadeh 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Orthotic devices can be successfully used to treat lower-limb injuries. However, their high cost is a major obstacle. Some orthotic companies have offered the semicustom alternatives at reasonable prices. The purpose of this study was to examine whether semicustom UCBL orthoses can provide similar rearfoot control as custom UCBL orthoses in individuals with flexible flatfoot.

Material and Methods
Eighteen subjects walked through the motion analysis laboratory under three conditions: no orthosis, custom UCBL orthosis, and semicustom UCBL orthosis. The rearfoot kinematics were assessed for each device.

Results
Both devices effectively reduced eversion excursion. Compared with the no orthotic condition, the custom and semicustom UCBL orthoses significantly decreased eversion excursion (P < .05), whereas peak eversion angle and velocity were not affected by any type of orthoses (P > .05).

Conclusion
Regarding the ability of semicustom UCBL orthoses to control rearfoot motion, they can be considered as a feasible alternative to custom UCBL orthoses for individuals with flexible flatfoot.

Clinical Relevance
This study provides evidence that semicustom UCBL orthoses are as effective as custom UCBL orthoses in controlling the rearfoot motion in flexible flatfoot. Therefore, owing to less fabrication time and lower price, semicustom UCBL orthoses are reasonable alternatives to custom UCBL orthoses.
Learning on the Go: Assessing Knowledge Gained From Medical Podcasts Created for Vulvovaginal Disease Education
Authors: Dmytryshyn Julia , Selk Amanda 
Published: January 2022

Objective
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of “The Vulva Diaries” podcast as a novel learning tool for vulvovaginal disease education.

Materials and Methods
Medical students and residents were invited to participate in the study using social media advertisements. Online pretests and posttests, one based on a podcast episode regarding genital herpes and the other on lichen sclerosus, were used to assess changes in knowledge level pre– and post–podcast listening in medical students and residents respectively. A second posttest was sent out 2 weeks after the first to assess knowledge retention. Results were analyzed using paired t tests comparing mean scores before and after podcast.

Results
In medical students, the average test score increased by 20% (n = 56, p < .001). Similarly, in residents the average test score increased by 23.1% (n = 22, p < .001). Medical students and residents rated their average preference for using podcasts as compared with other resources at 3.6 and 3.7/5, respectively. Furthermore, in both groups, there was no significant difference between average scores for posttest 1 versus posttest 2 written 2 weeks later suggested excellent knowledge retention.

Conclusions
“The Vulva Diaries” podcast increases knowledge on vulvovaginal disease and is an effective learning tool for health care trainees in women's health. This study emphasizes the role of podcasts as a valuable educational resource within gynecology. The success of such initiatives will hopefully bolster the effort to correct the lack of provider knowledge in treating vulvovaginal diseases.