bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors associated with mortality among individuals with type 2 diabetes and depression across two cohorts
Authors: Rohde Christopher , Nielsen Jens Steen , Schöllhammer Knudsen Jakob , Thomsen Reimar Wernich , Østergaard Søren Dinesen 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveDepression has been linked to excess mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes, but it remains unclear what drives this association. We examined if the association depends on unhealthy lifestyle and medical comorbidity.MethodsWe followed a clinically recruited cohort of Danish people with type 2 diabetes (n = 8175) with fine-grained clinical information and a population-wide register-based cohort of Danish individuals with HbA1c-defined type 2 diabetes (n = 87 500) representing everyday clinical practice. Antidepressant drug use prior to the onset of type 2 diabetes was used as a proxy for preexisting depression. In both cohorts, we first estimated the association between depression and 5-year mortality following type 2 diabetes, using a Cox proportional hazards model, yielding sex- and age-adjusted mortality rate ratios (MRRs). We subsequently examined how further adjustment for markers of unhealthy lifestyle (smoking, physical inactivity, obesity, alcohol abuse, and marital status) and medical comorbidity affected the association.ResultsPreexisting depression was associated with an approximately 50% increased age- and sex-adjusted all-cause mortality rate in both the clinically recruited- (5-year MRR: 1.46; 95% CI: 1.12–1.90) and the register-based type 2 diabetes cohort (5-year MRR: 1.51; 95% CI: 1.45–1.57). The excess mortality associated with depression almost disappeared when the analyses were adjusted for unhealthy lifestyle and medical comorbidity in both the clinically recruited- (MRR: 1.05; 95% CI: 0.72–1.52) and the register-based type 2 diabetes cohort (MRR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.09–1.19).ConclusionsA large fraction of the excess mortality associated with preexisting depression in type 2 diabetes is attributable to the unhealthy lifestyle and medical comorbidity accompanying depression.
Dense Elements in B-Almost Distributive Fuzzy Lattices
Authors: V. Maheswari, V. Balaji K. Rekhalakshmi, 
Published: August 2022

In this paper we define the concept of a dense element in a B-Almost Distributive Fuzzy Lattice BADFL and prove that the set of all dense elements of is an implicative filter of . Also, we establish a fuzzy epimorphism of into the set of all closed elements ofand prove the existence of an fuzzy epimorphism of into . We prove that and are fuzzy isomorphic.
Immunosuppressants in Behcet’s disease: a boon or a bane?
Authors: Modi Krishna , Prajapati Vipul , Shukla Dhaiwat , Malhotra Supriya D. 
Published: August 2022

Adalimumab is a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug and monoclonal antibody that works by antagonising tumour necrosis factor-alpha prescribed in many rheumatological conditions like Rheumatic arthritis, Ankylosing spondylitis and Behcet’s disease. Serious side effects with this drug include heart and liver failure, nervous and blood disorders, allergic and immune system reactions and opportunistic infections. A 27-year-old female patient, known case of Behcet’s disease presented to the hospital with complaints of fever, cough and breathlessness following administration of Adalimumab, six doses over three months. Chest X-ray and BAL-CBNAAT was suggestive of Tuberculosis. AKT was started and Adalimumab was suspended until patient recover.
COVID-19 encephalopathy, presenting with Barco’s aphasia mimicking stroke
Authors: Bhardwaj Ankit , Sharma Atma Ram 
Published: August 2022

Neurological manifestations are emerging as relatively frequent complications of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), including stroke and encephalopathy. Here we reporting a case of a young male presented with acute aphasia at the emergency department. The patient has a positive history of upper respiratory tract symptoms, subjective fever, and myalgias, a week before for which he was tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) based on reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on a nasopharyngeal swab. An electroencephalogram (EEG) demonstrated interictal epileptiform abnormalities over the left posterior frontal lobe. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) axial T2- weighted image shows focal area of altered intensity appearing hyperintense involving the left frontotemporal lobes pre-dominantly the pre-central gyrus. A subtle restriction on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), with a minimal drop on apparent diffusion coefficient images. In contrast, it shows gyriform enhancement with suspicious adjacent meningeal thickening and enhancement. Cerebrospinal fluid was negative for antibody. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) 400 mg/kg was given for 5 days. The patient responded well to the therapy without any major clinical side effects and revealed complete resolution after 2 months.
propósito de la clasificación de los grupos de investigación
Authors: González Bríñez Mario Hernán , Valbuena Hernández Pedro Nel 
Published: August 2022

Con base en los resultados obtenidos en la Convocatoria nacional para el reconocimiento y medición de grupos de investigación, desarrollo tecnológico o de innovación y para el reconocimiento de investigadores del Sistema Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación - SNCTI 2021, se elabora el presente análisis con base en una muestra de 50 grupos clasificados en el campo de las ciencias económicas y administrativas. La descripción de relacionamientos y volumen de la producción se hizo a partir de Sci Val (Scopus), mediante un criterio de liderazgo de los grupos, tomando como muestra 38 grupos de investigación clasificados en A1.
Maintaining the Effectiveness of Online Teaching and Learning In Elementary Schools in Blahkiuh Village through the Integration of Tat Tvam ASI in Google Classroom
Authors: Dewa Gede Bambang Erawan , Tuti Indarawati I Gusti Ayu Putu , Pramawati AA Istri Yudhi 
Published: August 2022

This pandemic has forced teachers of elementary school to hold teaching and learning activities from home. Students and parents are also forced to be familiar with online teaching, and students should keep learning the material delivered by the teacher through teaching and learning platform. In this case, teachers should pay attention to the platform they used in order to keep students’ motivation and achievement in learning, and to maintain the effectiveness of online teaching and learning. The most common platform used by elementary teachers in teaching is Google Classroom. This platform is considered to be easy to use both by teachers and students. This research was aimed at finding out the effectiveness of the use of Tat Twam Asi Based Google Classroom in elementary schools in Blahkiuh Village. The research method used in this research was qualitative method. The data was collected through interview session with Elementary schools’ teachers and students in Blahkiuh Village. The research finding showed that integrating the concept of Tat Twam Asi in Google Classroom was effective with various limitation: the message recipients, contents, communication media, format, source, and timing.
The effect of nail polish on pulse oximetry measurements – a pilot study in female volunteers
Authors: Cyganek Tomasz , Widuch Michał , Mizera Szymon , Sychta Szymon , Krzych Łukasz 
Published: August 2022

WstępPrzed przyjęciem do szpitala zaleca się usunięcie lakieru z płytki paznokciowej, aby zapobiec nieprawidłowym wynikom saturacji. Mimo iż badania dotyczące wpływu koloru i rodzaju lakieru na pulsoksymetrię są nieliczne, zaobserwowano w nich pewne różnice uzależnione od koloru lakieru do paznokci. W niniejszym badaniu podjęto próbę oceny wpływu rodzaju i koloru lakieru do paznokci na wyniki saturacji (SpO<sub>2</sub>) u zdrowych ochotniczek.Materiał i metodyU 169 ochotniczek z nałożonym na paznokcie lakierem dokonano pomiaru SpO<sub>2</sub> za pomocą pulsoksymetru. Pomiaru dokonano po 5-minutowym odpoczynku, na palcu oraz na płatku ucha. Wyniki poddano analizie statystycznej.WynikiUzyskano 169 sparowanych wyników. Statystycznie istotne różnice zaobserwowano w przypadku lakierów klasycznych (p < 0,01) oraz hybrydowych (p < 0,01), nie wykazano ich natomiast w przypadku lakierów żelowych (p = 0,25). Istotny statystycznie wpływ na pomiar SpO<sub>2</sub> miał kolor beżowy (p < 0,01), czerwony (p < 0,01) i fioletowy (p = 0,047). Różnice wynosiły 1%.WnioskiKlasyczny lakier do paznokci, lakier hybrydowy oraz kolory beżowy, czerwony i fioletowy mogą wpływać na wyniki SpO<sub>2</sub>. Jednak efekt ten jest niewielki i nieistotny klinicznie.
Partisan Polarization of Childhood Vaccination Policies, 1995‒2020
Authors: Estep Kevin , Muse Annika , Sweeney Shannon , Goldstein Neal D. 
Published: August 2022

Objectives. To examine trends in partisan polarization of childhood vaccine bills and the impact of polarization on bill passage in the United States.Methods. We performed content analysis on 1497 US state bills (1995–2020) and obtained voting returns for 228 legislative votes (2011‒2020). We performed descriptive and statistical analyses using 2 measures of polarization.Results. Vote polarization rose more rapidly for immunization than abortion or veterans’ affairs bills. Bills in 2019–2020 were more than 7 times more likely to be polarized than in 1995–1996 (odds ratio [OR] = 7.04; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.54, 13.99). Bills related to public health emergencies were more polarized (OR = 1.76; 95% CI = 1.13, 2.75). Sponsor polarization was associated with 34% lower odds of passage (OR = 0.66; 95% CI = 0.42, 1.03).Conclusions. State lawmakers were more divided on vaccine policy, but partisan bills were less likely to pass. Bill characteristics associated with lower polarization could signal opportunities for future bipartisanship.Public Health Implications. Increasing partisan polarization could alter state-level vaccine policies in ways that jeopardize childhood immunization rates or weaken responsiveness during public health emergencies. Authorities should look for areas of bipartisan agreement on how to maintain vaccination rates. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(10):1471–1479. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2022.306964 )
RAEDERICHNUS DONDASI A NEW TRACE FOSSIL FROM THE EARLY PALEOZOIC OF ARGENTINA REVEALS SHOALING BEHAVIOR IN EARLY FISH
Authors: HALPERN KAREN , GOUIRIC-CAVALLI SOLEDAD , TAGLIORETTI MATIAS L. , FARENGA MARCELO , SCAGLIA FERNANDO , MARCILESE LYDIA CALVO , DEL RÍO JULIO L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Although vertebrate carcasses––particularly those assigned to fishes––are abundant in the fossil record, the literature rarely mentions fishes as trace producers. Herein we present evidence that was possibly overlooked in previous studies. Study of more than 100 large, shallow, teardrop-shaped, imprints that are aligned, with few overlapping each other, from early Paleozoic (probably Silurian based on trace fossils) outcrops in western Gondwana (southeastern Argentina), are identified as the oldest example of shoaling behavior. To understand the nature of the behavior, we considered analog (vertebrate and invertebrate) extant and extinct taxa. We compare and discuss the superficial similarities with certain traces, in particular Selenichnites isp. and erect a new ichnotaxon, Raederichnus dondasi isp. nov. for the Argentinian material. We report for the first time from the Balcarce Formation Psammichnites isp., in association with Herradurichnus scagliai, both forming minor components of the ichnoassemblage. Raederichnus dondasi and the accompanying traces are preserved in three-dimensional dunes, developed in a tide-dominated shallow marine environment. Given the morphological resemblance, and paleoecological context, we consider that Raederichnus dondasi might have been produced by fish while “resting”. Finally, this aggregation of trace fossils suggests shoaling related to feeding or breeding on the shallow marine bottom surface.
Analysis and characterisation of extreme wind gust hazards in New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Rafei Moutassem El , Sherwood Steven , Evans Jason , Dowdy Andrew 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Extreme wind gusts cause major socioeconomic damage, and the rarity and localised nature of those events make their analysis challenging by either modelling or empirical approaches. Data from 29 automatic weather stations located in New South Wales (eastern Australia), with a maximum data range of 1998-2021, are used to study the distribution, frequency and average recurrence intervals (ARIs) of extreme gusts via a peaks-over-threshold approach. We distinguish between gust events generated by synoptic phenomena (e.g., cyclones and frontal systems), hereafter called ”synoptic events” and convective phenomena (i.e., thunderstorms), hereafter called ”convective events”, using the wind time series. For synoptic events the results show a gradient in the frequencies of gusts > 25 m/s that decreases when going inland from the coast, in contrast to the case for convective events which are more uniformly distributed geographically and have higher occurrence frequencies for extremes across nearly all inland locations. The ARI analysis shows that at inland locations extreme wind gusts are dominated by convective events, whereas coastal stations have similar frequencies of both types at low ARIs but again a dominance of convective events at the highest ARIs. Wind direction was also investigated and extreme gusts were found to be predominantly westerly at inland locations, with more variable direction for convective than synoptic events, and southerlies at coastal stations. This study confirms the dominant role of thunderstorms in producing the most extreme gusts in the region, and shows that wind risk varies strongly with distance from the coast.
Effectiveness of a co-production with dialogue program for reducing stigma against mental illness: a quasi-experimental study with a pre- and post-test design
Authors: Nakanishi Eiichi , Tamachi Masahiro , Hashimoto Takeshi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
For people with mental illness, stigma represents a barrier to social participation. Health professionals, including students, should not hold stigma-based perceptions of such individuals. Further, people with mental illness should not have self-stigma. This study aimed to develop—and examine the effectiveness of—a new program based on co-production with dialogue for reducing stigma among both health science students and people with mental illness. This was a quasi-experimental study, with a pre- and post-test design and no control group. The sample comprised 28 university students majoring in occupational therapy and 20 community-dwelling people with mental illness. The Co-Production with Dialogue Program for Reducing Stigma (CPD-RS) was administered to this sample. Link’s Devaluation Discrimination Scale (DDS) was used to assess whether the program reduced stigma. Compared to their pre-intervention scores, the students’ post-intervention DDS scores significantly decreased, persisting for at least one month, but those of people with mental illness showed no significant change. Both the students and people with mental illness evaluated the program as “positive” through a questionnaire administered two months after the intervention. These results suggest that the CPD-RS reduces health science students’ stigma toward people with mental illness and fosters mutual understanding among the two groups.
The conditional defector strategies can violate the most crucial supporting mechanisms of cooperation.
Authors: Ibrahim Ahmed 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Cooperation is essential for all domains of life. Yet, ironically, it is intrinsically vulnerable to exploitation by cheats. Hence, an explanatory necessity spurs many evolutionary biologists to search for mechanisms that could support cooperation. In general, cooperation can emerge and be maintained when cooperators are sufficiently interacting with themselves. This communication provides a kind of assortment and reciprocity. The most crucial and common mechanisms to achieve that task are kin selection, spatial structure, and enforcement (punishment). Here, we used agent-based simulation models to investigate these pivotal mechanisms against conditional defector strategies. We concluded that it could easily violate all of them and take over the population. This surprising outcome may urge us to rethink the evolution of cooperation, as it illustrates that maintaining cooperation may be more difficult than previously thought. Moreover, empirical applications may support these theoretical findings, such as invading the cooperator population of pathogens by genetically engineered conditional defectors, which could be a potential therapy for many incurable diseases.
A Topographical Analysis Of Encephalocele Locations: Generation Of A Standardised Atlas and Cluster Analysis
Authors: Vakharia Vejay N. , Toescu Sebastian , Copp Andrew J. , Thompson Dominic N. P. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective
Encephaloceles are considered to result from defects in the developing skull through which meninges, and potentially brain tissue, herniate. The pathological mechanism underlying this process is incompletely understood. We aimed to describe the location of encephaloceles through the generation of a group atlas to determine whether they occur at random sites or clusters within distinct anatomical regions.
Methods
Patients diagnosed with cranial encephaloceles or meningoceles were identified from a prospectively maintained database between 1984 and 2021. Images were transformed to atlas space using non-linear registration. The bone defect, encephalocele and herniated brain contents were manually segmented allowing for a 3-dimensional heat map of encephalocele locations to be generated. The centroids of the bone defects were clustered utilising a K-mean clustering machine learning algorithm in which the elbow method was used to identify the optimal number of clusters.
Results
Of the 124 patients identified, 55 had volumetric imaging in the form of MRI (48/55) or CT (7/55) that could be used for atlas generation. Median encephalocele volume was 14704 [IQR 3655–86746] mm3 and the median surface area of the skull defect was 679 [IQR 374–765] mm2. Brain herniation into the encephalocele was found in 45% (25/55) with a median volume of 7433 [IQR 3123–14237] mm3. Application of the elbow method revealed 3 discrete clusters: 1) Anterior skull base (22%; 12/55), 2) Parieto-occipital junction (45%; 25/55) and 3) Peri-torcular (33%; 18/55). Cluster analysis revealed no correlation between the location of the encephalocele with gender [χ2 (2, n = 91) = 3.86, p = 0.15]. Compared to expected population frequencies, encephaloceles were relatively more common in Black, Asian and Other compared to White ethnicities. A falcine sinus was identified in 51% (28/55) of cases. Falcine sinuses were more common [χ2 (2, n = 55) = 6.09, p = 0.05] whilst brain herniation was less common [χ2 (2, n = 55) = .16.24, p < 0.0003] in the parieto-occipital location.
Conclusion
This analysis revealed three predominant clusters for the location of encephaloceles, with the parieto-occipital junction being the most common. The stereotypic location of encephaloceles into anatomically distinct clusters and the coexistence of distinct venous malformations at certain sites suggests that their location is not random and raises the possibility of distinct pathogenic mechanisms unique to each of these regions.
Application of the Plan-Do-Check-Act Cycle to Quality Management of Online Teaching for Nursing Students in China During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Self-Controlled Trial
Authors: Zhao Peizhong , Zhang Xiaoli , Fan Yanyan , Wang Hui 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, online education has become popular. However, it was worth probing into how to ensure the quality of online teaching due to the change of learning environment and the barrier of space distance. Zimmerman’s self-regulated learning theory argued that the students' self-regulated learning was the interaction between and among ego, behavior and environment, and self-regulated learners could not only a learning process for the inner active control and adjustment, but also through external feedback to the external form of learning and learning environment to take the initiative to monitor and adjust. This study aimed to explore the effectiveness of online teaching management for nursing students based on plan–do–check–act (PDCA) cycle management during the COVID-19 pandemic, and provide reference for further improving online teaching management.Methods: 151 nursing students from a school were used to select through a cluster sampling method as the participants, and the PDCA cycle was applied to manage online teaching. The effectiveness of teaching was investigated and analyzed using the Nursing Students’ Independent Learning Ability Scale, General Self-Efficacy Scale, and a self-administered online teaching satisfaction questionnaire before and 3 months after PDCA application. Results: The overall satisfaction rate of nursing students with online teaching was 100%, and 99.11%–100% of the students expressed satisfaction with all aspects of the PDCA. Differences in nursing students’ independent learning ability (77.475 ± 12.521 vs. 81.168 ± 17.287) and self-efficacy (23.532 ± 4.751 vs. 25.015 ± 5.395) before and after PDCA application were significant (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The PDCA cycle is conducive to improving the independent learning ability and self-efficacy of nursing students, effectively improving the quality of online teaching, and providing a reference for blended teaching quality management in the post-epidemic era.