bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biochar-SO prepared from pea peels by dehydration with sulfuric acid improves the adsorption of Cr6+ from water
Authors: El-Nemr Mohamed A. , Yılmaz Murat , Ragab Safaa , El Nemr Ahmed 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA new biochar was produced from pea peel residues by the dehydration process. The effect of the obtained new biochar on the ability to remove Cr6+ ions from the aqueous solution was investigated. Biochar-SO was obtained from pea peel by dehydration of biochar with 50% sulfuric acid. The obtained biochars were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR); Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET); Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH); thermogravimetric analysis (TGA); differential scanning calorimetry (DSC); scanning electron microscope (SEM); and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDAX) analyses. The optimum pH value for Cr6+ ion removal was determined as 1.48. The maximum removal percentage of Cr6+ ions was 90.74% for Biochar-SO of 100 mg·L−1 Cr6+ ions initial concentration and 1.0 g L−1 adsorbent dosage. The maximum adsorption capacity (Qm) of biochar-SO was 158.73 mg·g−1. The data obtained were analyzed with Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) isotherm models. In addition, the data obtained from these isotherm models were tested using different error functions (hybrid error function (HYBRID), average percent errors (APE), the sum of the absolute errors (EABS), chi-square error (X2), and Marquardt’s percent standard deviation (MPSD and the root mean square errors (RMS)) equations. It was the Freundlich isotherm model that best fits the experimental data of biochar-SO. Kinetic data were evaluated by pseudo–first-order (PFO), pseudo–second-order (PSO), Elovich, and intraparticle diffusion models. The adsorption rate was primarily controlled by the PSO rate model with a good correlation (R2 = 1). The adsorption mechanism of biochar-SO to remove Cr6+ ions can be based on electrostatic interaction and ion exchange with exchangeable cations in biochar such as aluminum, silicon, and calcium ions for chromium. The results indicate that biochar-SO is a promising adsorbent for the adsorption of Cr6+ ions that can be employed repeatedly without substantial loss of adsorption effectiveness.
Development of a Sexual Quality of Life Questionnaire for Men-Who-Have-Sex-With-Men With Prostate Cancer
Authors: Lee Tsz Kin , Wibowo Erik , Dowsett Gary W. , Nelson Christian J. , Oliffe John L. , Mitteldorf Darryl , Wong Samantha Tze Sum , Wassersug Richard J. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
Prostate cancer (PCa) is often diagnosed early with prolonged survival, which makes sexual quality of life (QoL) an increasingly important treatment consideration, but existing QoL questionnaires have limited applicability for men who-have-sex-with-men (MSM) beyond penile erections and penetrative sex.

Aim
We aimed to create a validated survey instrument for assessing a variety of sexual activities beyond penile insertive sex for MSM after PCa treatment.

Methods
Based on our previously published survey findings, we have generated a prototype questionnaire with 13 different domains, reviewed by both healthy MSM and pilot-tested by MSM treated for PCa.

Outcomes
We report here on progress in developing the questionnaire and demonstrate the complexity of MSM sexual side effects resulting from PCa treatment(s).

Results
Statistical analysis of 204 responses from MSM treated for PCa showed that each domain performed well individually (Cronbach's alpha coefficients ranged from 0.80 to 0.95; item-total correlations ranged from 0.16 to 0.89), with many significant intercorrelations between the domains (ranged from -0.048 to 0.93).

Clinical Implications
The questionnaire can contribute to clinical diagnosis and treatment decisions that best fit the preferred sexual practices of individual MSM.

Strengths & Limitations
The current questionnaire considers a much broader repertoire of MSM's sexual practices and preferences than other currently available questionnaires. The high intercorrelations between the many parameters demonstrate that problems in one domain can affect other domains. This preliminary analysis warrants further exploration with a larger sample size.

Conclusions
Once validated our questionnaire should help develop tailored psychosocial supports for MSM experiencing sexual dysfunction after PCa treatment and help newly diagnosed MSM with PCa make treatment decisions informed by their preferred sexual practices.
Spatial analysis of sub-regional variation in Southern US English
Authors: Jones Jonathan A. , Renwick Margaret E. L. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis project uses GIS mapping to analyze spatial trends in spoken language, testing how features identified as part of the “Southern dialect” by theAtlas of North American English(ANAE; Labov et al., 2006) are used in the Digital Archive of Southern Speech (DASS; Kretzschmar et al., 2013). We analyze vowel mergers, diphthongization, monophthongization, fronting, and several consonantal features. Rather than drawing isoglosses, we use local spatial autocorrelation analysis to reveal subregional patterning in the data. We present a series of maps illustrating the realization of Southern speech features as enumerated byANAE. We find little evidence forANAE’s Inland South region based on acoustics, and while some areas surveyed in DASS align well with the portrayal of Southern speech presented byANAE, others do not.
Neurotechnology and international security
Authors: Kosal Margaret , Putney Joy 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn the past decade, international actors have launched “brain projects” or “brain initiatives.” One of the emerging technologies enabled by these publicly funded programs is brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), which are devices that allow communication between the brain and external devices like a prosthetic arm or a keyboard. BCIs are poised to have significant impacts on public health, society, and national security. This research presents the first analytical framework that attempts to predict the dissemination of neurotechnologies to both the commercial and military sectors in the United States and China. While China started its project later with less funding, we find that it has other advantages that make earlier adoption more likely. We also articulate national security risks implicit in later adoption, including the inability to set international ethical and legal norms for BCI use, especially in wartime operating environments, and data privacy risks for citizens who use technology developed by foreign actors.
AN APPLICATION OF BINARY QUADRATIC FORMS OF DISCRIMINANT TO MODULAR FORMS
Authors: AYGIN ZAFER SELCUK , WILLIAMS KENNETH S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this note, we use Dedekind’s eta function to prove a congruence relation between the number of representations by binary quadratic forms of discriminant
$-31$
and Fourier coefficients of a weight
$16$
cusp form. Our result is analogous to the classical result concerning Ramanujan’s tau function and binary quadratic forms of discriminant
$-23$
.
Codes of ethics for psychiatrists: past, present and prospect
Authors: Bloch Sidney , Kenn Felicity , Lim Izaak 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundCodes of ethics in medicine have an ancient tradition, extending back to the Oath of Hippocrates. Yet it was only in the early 1970s that the speciality of psychiatry developed a specific code to address the unique ethical dilemmas and complexities arising in psychiatric practice. As the 50thanniversary of the publication of psychiatry's first code of ethics approaches, it is timely to reflect on the progress, role, and impact of such codes.Our aim is to provide a historically informed review of codes of ethics in psychiatry – their origins and evolution, the current picture, and the possibilities for future development.MethodsWe conducted a selective review of relevant literature (including all codes of ethics accessible on the websites of World Psychiatric Association members states), analysis of the form and content of codes and related documents in psychiatry, and interviews of psychiatrists who have played central roles in their evolution.ResultsOf the 143 WPA member states, only 15 codes of ethics for psychiatrists were identified, and few of these were associated with professional disciplinary processes. We found that these codes are rarely revised and sometimes supplemented with other statements and guidelines.ConclusionsWhile there are difficulties in measuring the direct effectiveness of codes of ethics on the practice of psychiatrists, we conclude that these codes help to (1) promote professional solidarity and autonomy, (2) enhance moral sensitivity, and (3) aid in psychiatric education and training.
Experimental Study on Sand/Bed Collision Over the Gobi Surface
Authors: Zhang C. , Huang N. , Dun H. C. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe wind‐blown sand in the Gobi Desert area significantly influences the occurrence and development of sandstorms. As a key physical process in saltation, sand–bed collisions are significant for wind‐blown sand movement. However, till date, there is still a lack of deep understanding and quantitative description of the sand movement in the Gobi, especially for the collision process between sand particles and the surface that has abundant gravel and crust. In this study, the collision process between natural sand particles and the Gobi surface samples, collected in the field, was recorded with a high‐speed camera, and the statistical rebound process of particles was reconstructed using a post‐processing method. The results show that the collision coefficient of restitution of sand to gravel and crust follows a lognormal distribution and decreases with increasing incident particle speed. Furthermore, the rebound angle also obeys the lognormal distribution, where the incident angle is a critical factor. The bounce property of the sand–bed collision process on the Gobi surface is qualitatively different from that on a loose sand surface. This study provides a new perspective for understanding the splash process and sandstorms on the Gobi surface.
High-frequency ventilation in preterm infants and neonates
Authors: Ackermann Benjamin W. , Klotz Daniel , Hentschel Roland , Thome Ulrich H. , van Kaam Anton H. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
High-frequency ventilation (HFV) has been used as a respiratory support mode for neonates for over 30 years. HFV is characterized by delivering tidal volumes close to or less than the anatomical dead space. Both animal and clinical studies have shown that HFV can effectively restore lung function, and potentially limit ventilator-induced lung injury, which is considered an important risk factor for developing bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Knowledge of how HFV works, how it influences cardiorespiratory physiology, and how to apply it in daily clinical practice has proven to be essential for its optimal and safe use. We will present important aspects of gas exchange, lung-protective concepts, clinical use, and possible adverse effects of HFV. We also discuss the study results on the use of HFV in respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants and respiratory failure in term neonates.

Impact

Knowledge of how HFV works, how it influences cardiorespiratory physiology, and how to apply it in daily clinical practice has proven to be essential for its optimal and safe use.

Therefore, we present important aspects of gas exchange, lung-protective concepts, clinical use, and possible adverse effects of HFV.

The use of HFV in daily clinical practice in lung recruitment, determination of the optimal continuous distending pressure and frequency, and typical side effects of HFV are discussed.

We also present study results on the use of HFV in respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants and respiratory failure in term neonates.
Pediatric central venous access devices: practice, performance, and costs
Authors: Ullman Amanda J. , Gibson Victoria , Takashima Mari D. , Kleidon Tricia M. , Schults Jessica , Saiyed Masnoon , Cattanach Paula , Paterson Rebecca , Cooke Marie , Rickard Claire M. , Byrnes Joshua , Chopra Vineet 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Healthcare delivery is reliant on a functional central venous access device (CVAD), but the knowledge surrounding the burden of pediatric CVAD-associated harm is limited.

Methods
A prospective cohort study at a tertiary-referral pediatric hospital in Australia. Children <18 years undergoing insertion of a CVAD were screened from the operating theatre and intensive care unit records, then assessed bi-weekly for up to 3 months. Outcomes were CVAD failure and complications, and associated healthcare costs (cost of complications).

Results
163 patients with 200 CVADs were recruited and followed for 6993 catheter days, with peripherally inserted central catheters most common (n = 119; 60%). CVAD failure occurred in 20% of devices (n = 30; 95% CI: 15–26), at an incidence rate (IR) of 5.72 per 1000 catheter days (95% CI: 4.09–7.78). CVAD complications were evident in 43% of all CVADs (n = 86; 95% CI: 36–50), at a rate of 12.29 per 1000 catheter days (95% CI: 9.84–15.16). CVAD failure costs were A$826 per episode, and A$165,372 per 1000 CVADs. Comparisons between current and recommended practice revealed inconsistent use of ultrasound guidance for insertion, sub-optimal tip-positioning, and appropriate device selection.

Conclusions
CVAD complications and failures represent substantial burdens to children and healthcare. Future efforts need to focus on the inconsistent use of best practices.

Impact

Current surveillance of central venous access device (CVAD) performance is likely under-estimating actual burden on pediatric patients and the healthcare system.

CVAD failure due to complication was evident in 20% of CVADs. Costs associated with CVAD complications average at $2327 (AUD, 2020) per episode.

Further investment in key diverse practice areas, including new CVAD types, CVAD pathology-based occlusion and dislodgment strategies, the appropriate use of device types, and tip-positioning technologies, will likely lead to extensive benefit.
CUGBP1, a crucial factor for heart regeneration in mice
Authors: Liu Yang , Wang Huiwen , Zhang Han , Wang Jun , Liu Qun , Bi Youkun , Song Shaole , Qiao Xinlong , Zhu Keqi , Wu Yanyun , Ji Guangju 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe mammalian heart is capable of achieving perfect regeneration following cardiac injury through sustained cardiomyocyte proliferation during the early period after birth. However, this regenerative capacity is lost by postnatal day 7 and throughout adulthood. CUGBP1 is critical for normal cardiac development but its role in heart regeneration remains unclear. Cardiac CUGBP1 levels are high in the early postnatal period and soon downregulate to adult levels within 1 week following birth in mice. The simultaneously diminished regenerative capacity and CUGBP1 levels by postnatal day lead us to hypothesize that CUGBP1 may be beneficial in heart regeneration. In this study, the function of CUGBP1 in heart regeneration was tested by a heart apex resection mouse model. We demonstrate that cardiac inactivation of CUGBP1 impairs neonatal heart regeneration at P1, in turn, replenishment of CUGBP1 levels prolong regenerative potential at P8 and P14. Furthermore, our results imply that the Wnt/β-catenin signaling and GATA4 involve in the CUGBP1 modulated neonatal heart regeneration. Altogether, our findings support CUGBP1 as a key factor promoting post-injury heart regeneration and provide a potential therapeutic method for heart disease.
Syntenin-1-mediated small extracellular vesicles promotes cell growth, migration, and angiogenesis by increasing onco-miRNAs secretion in lung cancer cells
Authors: Kim Okhwa , Hwangbo Cheol , Tran Phuong Thao , Lee Jeong-Hyung 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSmall extracellular vesicles (sEVs) play a pivotal role in tumor progression by mediating intercellular communication in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Syntenin-1 induces malignant tumor progression in various types of human cancers, including human lung cancer and regulates biogenesis of sEVs. However, the function of syntenin-1-regulated sEVs and miRNAs in sEVs remains to be elucidated. In the present study, we aimed to demonstrate the role of oncogenic Ras/syntenin-1 axis in the release of sEVs and elucidate the function of syntenin-1-mediated miRNAs in sEVs in lung cancer progression. The results revealed that oncogenic Ras promoted the release of sEVs by inducing syntenin-1 expression; disruption of syntenin-1 expression impaired the release of sEVs as well as sEV-mediated cancer cell migration and angiogenesis. Moreover, we identified three miRNAs, namely miR-181a, miR-425-5p, and miR-494-3p, as onco-miRNAs loaded into syntenin-1-dependent sEVs. Remarkably, miR-494-3p was highly abundant in sEVs and its release was triggered by syntenin-1 expression and oncogenic Ras. Ectopic expression of the miR-494-3p mimic enhanced the migration and proliferation of lung cancer cells as well as tube formation in endothelial cells; however, the miR-494-3p inhibitor blocked sEV-mediated effects by targeting tyrosine-protein phosphatase nonreceptor type 12 (PTPN12), a tumor suppressor. sEVs promoted tumor growth and angiogenesis by downregulating PTPN12 expression; however, the miR-494-3p inhibitor significantly suppressed these effects in vivo, confirming that miR-494-3p acts as a major onco-miRNA loaded into lung cancer cell-derived sEVs. Eventually, the oncogenic Ras/syntenin-1 axis may induce cancer progression by increasing miR-494-3p loading into sEVs in lung cancer cells in the TME.
Targeted activation of androgen receptor signaling in the periosteum improves bone fracture repair
Authors: Lan Kuo-Chung , Wei Kuo-Ting , Lin Pei-Wen , Lin Ching-Chen , Won Pei-Ling , Liu Ya-Fen , Chen Yun-Ju , Cheng Bi-Hua , Chu Tien-Min G. , Chen Jia-Feng , Huang Ko-En , Chang Chawnshang , Kang Hong-Yo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLow testosterone level is an independent predictor of osteoporotic fracture in elderly men as well as increased fracture risk in men undergoing androgen deprivation. Androgens and androgen receptor (AR) actions are essential for bone development and homeostasis but their linkage to fracture repair remains unclear. Here we found that AR is highly expressed in the periosteum cells and is co-localized with a mesenchymal progenitor cell marker, paired-related homeobox protein 1 (Prrx1), during bone fracture repair. Mice lacking the AR gene in the periosteum expressing Prrx1-cre (AR-/Y;Prrx1::Cre) but not in the chondrocytes (AR-/Y;Col-2::Cre) exhibits reduced callus size and new bone volume. Gene expression data analysis revealed that the expression of several collagens, integrins and cell adhesion molecules were downregulated in periosteum-derived progenitor cells (PDCs) from AR-/Y;Prrx1::Cre mice. Mechanistically, androgens-AR signaling activates the AR/ARA55/FAK complex and induces the collagen-integrin α2β1 gene expression that is required for promoting the AR-mediated PDCs migration. Using mouse cortical-defect and femoral graft transplantation models, we proved that elimination of AR in periosteum of host mice impairs fracture healing, regardless of AR existence of transplanted donor graft. While testosterone implanted scaffolds failed to complete callus bridging across the fracture gap in AR-/Y;Prrx1::Cre mice, cell-based transplantation using DPCs re-expressing AR could lead to rescue bone repair. In conclusion, targeting androgen/AR axis in the periosteum may provide a novel therapy approach to improve fracture healing.
Amylin-Calcitonin receptor signaling in the medial preoptic area mediates affiliative social behaviors in female mice
Authors: Fukumitsu Kansai , Kaneko Misato , Maruyama Teppo , Yoshihara Chihiro , Huang Arthur J. , McHugh Thomas J. , Itohara Shigeyoshi , Tanaka Minoru , Kuroda Kumi O. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSocial animals actively engage in contact with conspecifics and experience stress upon isolation. However, the neural mechanisms coordinating the sensing and seeking of social contacts are unclear. Here we report that amylin-calcitonin receptor (Calcr) signaling in the medial preoptic area (MPOA) mediates affiliative social contacts among adult female mice. Isolation of females from free social interactions first induces active contact-seeking, then depressive-like behavior, concurrent with a loss of Amylin mRNA expression in the MPOA. Reunion with peers induces physical contacts, activates both amylin- and Calcr-expressing neurons, and leads to a recovery of Amylin mRNA expression. Chemogenetic activation of amylin neurons increases and molecular knockdown of either amylin or Calcr attenuates contact-seeking behavior, respectively. Our data provide evidence in support of a previously postulated origin of social affiliation in mammals.
Exogenic origin for the volatiles sampled by the Lunar CRater Observation and Sensing Satellite impact
Authors: Mandt K. E. , Mousis O. , Hurley D. , Bouquet A. , Retherford K. D. , Magaña L. O. , Luspay-Kuti A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractReturning humans to the Moon presents an unprecedented opportunity to determine the origin of volatiles stored in the permanently shaded regions (PSRs), which trace the history of lunar volcanic activity, solar wind surface chemistry, and volatile delivery to the Earth and Moon through impacts of comets, asteroids, and micrometeoroids. So far, the source of the volatiles sampled by the Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite (LCROSS) plume has remained undetermined. We show here that the source could not be volcanic outgassing and the composition is best explained by cometary impacts. Ruling out a volcanic source means that volatiles in the top 1-3 meters of the Cabeus PSR regolith may be younger than the latest volcanic outgassing event (~1 billion years ago; Gya).
Observation of perfect diamagnetism and interfacial effect on the electronic structures in infinite layer Nd0.8Sr0.2NiO2 superconductors
Authors: Zeng S. W. , Yin X. M. , Li C. J. , Chow L. E. , Tang C. S. , Han K. , Huang Z. , Cao Y. , Wan D. Y. , Zhang Z. T. , Lim Z. S. , Diao C. Z. , Yang P. , Wee A. T. S. , Pennycook S. J. , Ariando A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNickel-based complex oxides have served as a playground for decades in the quest for a copper-oxide analog of the high-temperature superconductivity. They may provide clues towards understanding the mechanism and an alternative route for high-temperature superconductors. The recent discovery of superconductivity in the infinite-layer nickelate thin films has fulfilled this pursuit. However, material synthesis remains challenging, direct demonstration of perfect diamagnetism is still missing, and understanding of the role of the interface and bulk to the superconducting properties is still lacking. Here, we show high-quality Nd0.8Sr0.2NiO2 thin films with different thicknesses and demonstrate the interface and strain effects on the electrical, magnetic and optical properties. Perfect diamagnetism is achieved, confirming the occurrence of superconductivity in the films. Unlike the thick films in which the normal-state Hall-coefficient changes signs as the temperature decreases, the Hall-coefficient of films thinner than 5.5 nm remains negative, suggesting a thickness-driven band structure modification. Moreover, X-ray absorption spectroscopy reveals the Ni-O hybridization nature in doped infinite-layer nickelates, and the hybridization is enhanced as the thickness decreases. Consistent with band structure calculations on the nickelate/SrTiO3 heterostructure, the interface and strain effect induce a dominating electron-like band in the ultrathin film, thus causing the sign-change of the Hall-coefficient.