bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Artificial Rain Water pH and Calcium Concentration on the Calcium and Potassium in Apple Leaves1
Authors: Blanpied G. D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Trees of seedling apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) received 2.5 cm of artificial rain at pH 3.3 or 4.2, each with 0.4 or 1.4 mg Ca/liter of rain water during 7-hour periods. In the early summer period (June 19-July 10) artificial rain reduced Ca in apple leaves, but there were no significant differences due to pH or Ca concentration in the rain. Ca losses during rain treatment appeared to be recovered during 1 week holding periods after treatment. In the autumn period (September 25-October 16) the reduction in leaf Ca was greatest with low pH, low Ca rain and least with high pH, high Ca rain, which increased Ca in the leaves. Κ in the leaves was reduced more than Ca, but was not affected by pH or Ca in the rain during either period of observation.
Predicting Early Harvest Maturity Dates for ‘Delicious’ Apples in New York1
Authors: Blanpied G. D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Field observations in 8 growing seasons indicated that maturity dates for ‘Delicious’ apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) could be reliably predicted 1 week in advance, by using the average firmness-total soluble solids value for a geographic region. When the average firmness-total soluble solids values were close to the maturity index line, apples matured within 1 week.
Effect of Pumpkin Seed Size on Seedling Emergence and Yield on Two Soil Types1
Authors: Wilson Mack A. , Splittstoesser Walter E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Poir. cv. Dickinson Field) seeds were grouped by weight into small (110-130 mg), medium (150-170 mg), and large (190-210 mg), and planted in a Drummer silty clay loam and in a Plainsfield sand. In the Plainsfield sand, large seeds produced higher yields of pumpkin fruit than small or medium seeds, but total fruit weight on the loam soil was about double of that on the sand soil. No differences in yield due to seed size occurred on the loam soil. There was no relationship between seed size at planting and seedling emergence.
Artificial Infestation of Sweet Potato with Banded Cucumber Beetle Eggs1
Authors: Schalk J. M. , Jones A. , Creighton C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Root injury of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam) was significantly increased when eggs of banded cucumber beetles (Diabrotica balteata (LeConte)) in a agar-water mixture were applied at preroot enlargement. This technique should prove useful in screening sweet-potato lines or cultivars for insect resistance.
Evaluation of Flowering Potted Plants under Simulated Home Conditions1
Authors: Harbaugh B. K. , Waters W. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A wide response was found in flower and foliage characteristics in 53 cultivars encompassing 21 genera of flowering potted plants under simulated home conditions. One or more cultivars performing as well or better than Chrysanthemum ‘Puritan’ or a Sinningia mixture were found in Episcia, Exacum, Capsicum, Ceiosia, Achimenes, Begonia, Catharanthus and Tagetes.
Effect of Intermittent Nutrient Mist on the Propagation of Azaleas1
Authors: Keever G. J. , Tukey H. B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Rhododendron cuttings absorbed Ν and P from intermittent nutrient mist during propagation; there was no net uptake of K, Mg, or Ca. However, the foliage was injured and rooting was inhibited at all concentrations of nutrient mist. Cultivars differed in sensitivity to nutrient mist. ‘Gloria’ cuttings did not root under distilled water mist and developed symptoms resembling Κ deficiency. Azaleas have low nutritional requirements and nutrient mist during propagation was of no benefit.
‘Harogem’ Apricot1
Authors: Layne Richard E. C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Harogem’ is an exceptionally attractive, very firm, high quality, mid- to late season apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) suitable for the fresh market. It is cold hardy, resistant to brown rot [Monilia fructicola (Wint.) Honey], perennial canker (Leucostoma spp.), and skin cracking but moderately susceptible to bacterial spot [Xan-thomonas pruni (E. F. Sm.) Dows]. It was introduced in 1979 to meet the need for a better adapted, more consistently productive, cold hardy and disease tolerant cultivar for the Ontario fresh market.
‘Tropical Sunset’ Impatiens1
Authors: Weigle J. L. , Pasutti D. W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The bright, deep-orange flowers and compact plant habit of Tropical Sunset’ suggest it as a replacement for Orange Chiffon’, an Iowa State F1 hybrid Impatiens released previously (2). This cultivar should make an excellent border planting for any landscape area not exposed to the midday sun.
Effects of Onion Transplant Pruning and Orientation on Plant Survival, Yield, and Size Distribution1
Authors: Lipe William N. , Thomas David 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Transplants onion (Allium cepa L.) were pruned to varying degrees and planted vertically or horizontally simulating mechanized transplanting. Pruning of tops reduced bulb diameter, increased neck diameter and delayed % tops down compared to whole plant transplants. Yields were significantly reduced only when more than one half of the top of the plant was removed. Significant yield reductions occurred at all levels of pruning when plants were planted horizontally as compared to vertically. Horizontal placement reduced stands, yields, average bulb size, plant height and bulb diameter compared to vertical planting.
Effects of Preharvest Calcium Sprays and Postharvest Holding on Firmness and Quality of Machine-harvested Blackberries1
Authors: Morris J. R. , Cawthon D. L. , Nelson G. S. , Cooper P. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Multiple preharvest applications of CaCl2 at 1000, 2000, or 4000 ppm (actual Ca) had little effect on fruit firmness of blackberry (Rubus sp.) at harvest. After a 24 hour holding, fruit from the first harvest was firmer if treated with Ca. Preharvest Ca treatments reduced soluble solids accumulation in fruit and 4000 ppm caused foliar damage. Ca had little effect on acidity or color at harvest, but reduced the rate of ripening during postharvest holding.
Quality Evaluation Of Horticultural Crops – The Problem
Authors: Watada Alley E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
What is quality? Definitions of quality differ, especially among scientists, who define quality in reference to their field of interest. For example, plant breeders would define quality in reference to physical characteristics, yield, and disease resistance of plants. Human nutritionists would define quality in reference to chemical components of food, such as vitamins, mineral elements, carbohydrates, and proteins. Consumers would refer to sensory attributes in defining quality. However, quality cannot be defined adequately by referring only to these specific attributes. As stated by Kramer and Twigg (1), quality is the composite of those characteristics that differentiate individual items of a product and have significance in determining the degree of acceptability of the item to the buyer. Thus, those of us seeking to improve postharvest technology must refer to all of the above factors — chemical composition and physical, sensory and other attributes of horticultural crops — in defining quality.
Effect of Tree Spacing on Feeder Root Distribution of 8-year-old, Old Budline ‘Atwood’ Navel Oranges1
Authors: Boswell S. B. , Nauer E. M. , Atkin D. R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A previous paper (1) reported yield and trunk circumference data of this experiment. Briefly, trees in this trial are old budline ‘Atwood’ navel orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) osbeck) infected with a mild form of exocartis viroid on Rubidoux trifoliate orange rootstock planted in the spring 1970 on a 3.2 ha plot in Tulare County, California. The soil type is San Joaquin clay loam.
‘Royal Red Cherry’ and ‘ Short Red Cherry’ Tomatoes1
Authors: Jones R. A. , Smith P. G. , Millett A. H. , Kimble K. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Royal Red Cherry’ and ‘Short Red Cherry’ are indeterminate, fruitful and multiple disease resistant tomato cultivars. ‘Royal Red Cherry’ is similar to ‘Large Red Cherry’ and ‘Jumbo Cherry’ in fruit size and quality, but is a more prolific yielder. ‘Short Red Cherry’ has a more compact vine type that is based on the brachytic (br) gene and it is most desirable for the patio, container gardener. ‘Short Red Cherry’ is generally earlier in production pattern than ‘Royal Red Cherry’.
Influence of Raw and Coated Seed on Production of Carrots in Relation to Seeder Device1
Authors: Halsey L. H. , White J. M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Raw and coated seed of carrot (Daucus carota L. cv Danvers 126) were planted with Stanhay, Earthway and Planet Jr. seeders on October 1, 1976 at Sanford and Zellwood, Florida, and on October 8 and November 16 at Gainesville, Florida. Carrot roots were harvested and graded in February, April, and May, 1977. Differences in weight of marketable carrot roots occurred between planters at 3 of the 4 locations, whereas response to seed coating was independent of locations. The effect of planters on numbers of marketable carrots varied significantly at 2 of the locations, with no effect of seed coating related to location. No difference was found in response to raw or coated seed in number or weight of marketable carrots, whereas carrots from coated seed were slightly larger than from uncoated seed.
The Occurrence and Severity of Cane Canker (Botryosphaeria corticis) on Vaccinium Species Native to Florida1
Authors: Lyrene P. M. , Sherman W. B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
V. myrsinites Lam. is most susceptible to canker among the blueberry species native to Florida and survives by resprouting from underground rhizomes. V. darrowi Camp suffers less canker damage than V. myrsinites, some mature colonies showing little or no damage but others being nearly destroyed by the disease. Most mature V. darrowi colonies in the State have some stems cracked and swollen by canker. Old native plants of V. ashei Reade and V. fuscatum Ait. show light to moderate canker damage in many parts of the State but both species are more resistant than the previous two. V. elliottii Chapm. shows no canker over much of its range in Florida, but localized populations have moderate to high infection. Only one cankered plant of V. arborewn Marsh, has been found, and no canker has been found on V. stamineum L.
Recycling Organic Wastes to Improve Soil Productivity
Authors: Parr J. F. , Willson G. B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Proper management of organic wastes such as crop residues, animal manures, and sewage sludges on land is essential for protecting agricultural soils from wind and water erosion, and for preventing nutrient losses through runoff. Efficient and effective use of these materials also provides one of the best means we have for maintaining soil productivity2 by recycling plant nutrients and by improving soil physical properties. The beneficial effects of organic wastes on soil physical properties are widely known (1, 21) as evidenced by increased water infiltration, water-holding capacity, water content, aeration and permeability, soil aggregation and rooting depth, by decreased soil crusting and runoff, and by lower bulk density.
Utilization of Municipal Wastewater for the Culture of Horticultural Crops
Authors: Berry Wade L. , Wallace A. , Lunt O. R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The use of municipal wastewater for horticultural production on the surface appears to be a very simple concept (2, 10, 12). In its simplest form it is the use of a waste product of one process as the raw material for a second process. However, if the best use of the combination of the 2 systems is to be made, it will be necessary to maximize the sum of the 2 systems rather than of each individual system. These 2 systems, horticulture and municipal wastewater, are interfaced by a number of mutual components which are mineral nutrients, CO2, water and heat. The heat and CO2 can only be taken advantage of under controlled environmental conditions, with a bare minimum being greenhouse conditions, while all horticultural operations can utilize the nutrients and water (5).
A Forced-air System for Controlling Soil Temperatures in Plastic Pots1
Authors: Koller D. C. , Hiller L. K. , Van Denburgh R. W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A soil cooling system was developed using a chest-type freezer as a central cold air reservoir. Thermostatically controlled fans circulate cold air from the freezer into smaller air chambers containing large plastic pots. The system is inexpensive, easily constructed, and provides good soil temperature control.
Regulation of Ethylene Biosynthesis1
Authors: Yang S. F. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Ethylene has long been known to have a profound effect on plants (1). The early use of smoke or of burning incense as a ripening agent is undoubtedly attributable to the ethylene content. Following the advent of sensitive gas chromatographic instruments in the early 1960's, postharvest physiologists established the essential role of ethylene as a ripening hormone (1, 30). Demonstration of the natural function of ethylene in fruit ripening has stimulated the search for other functions. As the realization has grown that ethylene is a naturally produced plant hormone, so has the list of processes which it is known to regulate. The various effects of ethylene on plants or plant parts include growth inhibition, root initiation, fruit degreening, flower initiation, modification of flower sex expression, stimulation of fruit growth, initiation of fruit ripening, participation in plant disease resistance, promotion of leaf, flower and fruit abscission and dehiscence, release of seed and bud dormancy, release of apical dominance and regulation of tissue proliferation. At each stage of crop production, ranging from germination and propagation to harvest and postharvest handling, there are plant processes subject to modification by ethylene.
Influence of the Crimson Gene (ogc) on Vitamin A Content of Tomato1
Authors: Lee C. Y. , Robinson R. W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
An isogenic line, differing from ‘New Yorker’ tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) by being homozygous for the crimson gene (ogc), had 60% less provitamin A due to reduced β- and γ-carotene.
Effect of Weed Control on the Winterhardiness of the Bark and Wood of Young Peach Trees1
Authors: Marriage P. B. , Quamme H. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Reductions in weed interference achieved through hand weeding or herbicides in a newly planted peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) orchard led to increased summer growth and greater freezing resistance of bark and wood tissue in dormant scions. Controlled freezing tests for 2 winters following spring plantings indicated that bark and xylem tissues of scions from weed-free plots averaged 5.5° and 3.2°C more cold hardy, respectively, than those from unweeded plots.
Seedlings from Undeveloped Ovules of Ripe Fruits of Polyembryonic Citrus Cultivars1
Authors: Starrantino A. , Russo F. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Embryos, pseudobulbils, and embryogenic callus were obtained by in vitro culture of undeveloped ovules excised from ripe fruits of the navel orange group (C. sinensis [L.] Osbeck) and lemon (C. limon [L.] Burm. f.). Initial culturing was on Murashige & Skoog (MS) medium in 1% agar. Large numbers of seedlings were produced by subculturing the embryos, pseudobulbils, and embryogenic callus on fresh MS medium with added 6-methylaminopurine.
Field Determination of Free Proline Accumulation and Water-stress in Lemon Trees1
Authors: Levy Yoseph 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Mature lemon trees (Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f.) were subjected to a long period of severe water stress. Free proline accumulated in leaves of water stressed trees, and returned to normal soon after irrigation was resumed. There was a linear relationship between free proline contents and noon xylem pressure potential.
Chemical Pinching of Poinsettia with Undecanol1
Authors: Lewis A. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Foliar sprays of undecanol increased branching in some cultivars of Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. compared to unpinched controls, but did not increase branching compared to manually pinched plants. However, phytotoxicity at concentrations necessary to achieve these results made the plants marketably unacceptable.
Plants from Callus of the Interspecific Hybrid Lilium ‘Black Beauty’1
Authors: Stimart Dennis P. , Ascher Peter D. , Zagorski Joseph S. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Callus initiated from bulb-scale expiants of the interspecific hybrid Lilium ‘Black Beauty’ on a Linsmaier-Skoog (LS) semisolid medium containing 4 mg/liter 2,4-dichloro-phenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) was transferred to liquid LS with or without 4 mg/liter 2,4-D and incubated in darkness on a gyrorotary shaker at 100 rpm. Every 7 to 10 days the callus was transferred to fresh medium. The culture was maintained for 3 years. Plants were generated from the callus on semisolid LS at 1 year and 30 months after initiation of the liquid culture. Differentiation began with root formation, then shoots were produced. Supplementing the semisolid medium with 0.3 mg/liter α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) stimulated root formation but shoot production was best on medium without growth regulators or medium containing 0.03 mg/liter NAA. Eleven of the 58 plants recovered (19%) bore variegated foliage but none of the 40 which flowered, including 2 with variegated leaves, deviated from the floral phenotype of ‘Black Beauty’.
Seed Treatment of Hairy Indigo (Indigofera hirsuta L.) to Overcome Hard Seed Dormancy1
Authors: Cantliffe D. J. , Tang A. C. , Guedes A. C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Seeds of hairy indigo, a tropical legume cover crop, are dormant due to hard seed coats. Immersion of the seed in concentrated H2SO4 for 20 or 30 minutes or hot water at 70° to 80°C for 2 minutes, significantly increased the germination percentage and rate. H2SO4 was more effective than hot water. Redrying the seed after treatment improved the effectiveness of the treatments slightly.
Photometric Sorting of Crimson (ogc) Tomatoes1
Authors: Wells John A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Green fruits of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) of 4 different cultivars, including 2 having the crimson fruit character (ogc), were sorted photometrically into 2 sub-samples of comparable maturity. One subsample was treated with ethylene gas and the ripening behavior of both was followed. The photometric sorting technique was superior to visual classification in providing uniform fruit maturity classes of the crimson-type fruit. These fruit responded normally to ethylene ripening when compared to standard cultivars.
‘Signal’ Lettuce1
Authors: Whitaker T. W. , McCreight J. D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Cos (romaine) lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) accounted for less than 5% of California lettuce production in 19783. Cos lettuce adds color, flavor, and texture to tossed (chopped) lettuce salads. In addition, cos lettuce is more nutritious than crisphead lettuce (1).
‘Dover’ Strawberry1
Authors: Howard C. M. , Albregts E. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Dover’ is a high yielding, firm fruited strawberry (Fragaria X ananassa Duch.) with excellent resistance to anthracnose. It has consistently shown good performance for the fresh market in trials in central Florida. ‘Dover’ is named for the village of Dover centered in the major strawberry production area in west-central Florida.
‘State Fair’, ‘Sweet Sixteen’, and ‘Keepsake’ Apples1
Authors: Stushnoff C. , Munson S. , Hertz L. B. , Gray W. , Wildung D. K. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Three new cultivars of apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) were released for public nursery sales in 1978 and 1979 as products of an ongoing long-term breeding program at Minnesota (Table 1).
The Cultivation of Ornamental Plants in a Hydrosolaric System1
Authors: Hagiladi A. , Ben-Jaacov J. , Levav N. , Zamir N. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The cultivation of a wide range of ornamental plants in a closed hydrosolaric greenhouse was studied. The hydrosolaric greenhouse was composed of a solar energy harvesting system and a hydroponic system. Energy collected by the greenhouse air from the sun during the day was conserved in the growth solution, which released it during the night. This system was able to maintain the air temperature 6 C above the outdoor temperature during the night. Relative humidity ranged between 85 and 100%, thus providing a favorable environment for tropical foliage plants. Philodendron bipinnatifidum Schott, Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, Ficus benjamina L., F. lyrata Warb., Anthurium andreanum Lind and Brassaia actinophylla Endl. produced under this system were of excellent quality.
Increase of Piñon Nut Size by Basal Pruning1
Authors: Montano J. M. , Fisher J. T. , Gomez R. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Basal pruning of piñon pine (Pinus edulis Engelm.) stems to a 1.5 m. height markedly increased nut size and percent full nuts but not percent kernel (weight of kernel/weight of nut × 100).
Low Temperature and Flowering of Primocane-fruiting Red Raspberries1
Authors: Vasilakakis Miltiadis D. , McCown Brent H. , Dana Malcolm N. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Low temperature was not a requirement for flowering in ‘Heritage’, a primocane-fruiting red raspberry, as non-cold treated primocanes flowered at about 80 nodes. The amount of growth before flowering was inversely related to the amount of growth before cold exposure. Cold exposure (7°C) for 25 days at the 10-12 or 14-16 nodes stages of growth was followed by flowering at 32 and 28 nodes, respectively. Winter cold exposure until mid-December at the stage of adventitious buds on the root resulted in flowering at 41 nodes. Cold treatment did not influence the number of nodes that developed inflorescences on any one primocane.
Slow-release Nitrogen Studies with Spinach Grown in a Clay-Perlite-Vermiculite Medium1
Authors: Whitish Kuyper Barbara , Lambeth Victor N. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Clay foam, a recently patented clay-perlite-vermiculite potting mix that dries to a rigid, lightweight structure, has the capability of retaining nutrients, with the exception of NO3−, over a long period of time due to the ion exchange capacity of the clay fraction. Isobutylidene diurea (IBDU, 31-0-0), ureaform (38-0-0) and oxamide (31.8-0-0) were evaluated as slow-release N sources for clay foam, utilizing ‘America’ spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) as a greenhouse test crop, at rates of 0.112, 0.225 and 0.337 g N/3600 cm3 clay pot. A basic nutrient formulation, including enough soluble N to cover the lag period between application and release of the fertilizers, was added to the clay fraction prior to mixing. IBDU showed the greatest potential for use in clay foam, as indicated by fresh and dry weights, total N in the dry leaf tissue and low NO3− accumulation.
A Rapid Method for Virus-indexing the Florist’s Geranium1
Authors: Newhart Susan R. , Peter Romaine C. , Craig Richard 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for the detection of tobacco ringspot virus (TRSV) in crude leaf extracts of geranium (Pelargonium × hortorum Bailey). An ELISA test protocol using a coating antibody concentration of 10 μg/ml, a 1000-fold dilution of antibody-enzyme conjugate, a substrate reaction time of 30-45 minutes, and a leaf test sample prepared in 20 volumes of phosphate buffer provided the best compromise between test reliability, conservation of reagents, and convenience. Using this protocol, significantly positive absorbante values (A405nm) were obtained with extracts from geraniums latently-infected with TRSV whereas color development form noninfected geraniums was negligible. Potentially, the ELISA represents a rapid, reliable, economical, and convenient method for virus-indexing geraniums commercially.