bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating diffusion dispersion across an extended range of b‐values and frequencies: Exploiting gap‐filled OGSE shapes, strong gradients, and spiral readouts
Authors: Michael Eric Seth , Hennel Franciszek , Pruessmann Klaas Paul 
Published: January 2022

PurposeTo address the long echo times and relatively weak diffusion sensitization that typically limit oscillating gradient spin‐echo (OGSE) experiments, an OGSE implementation combining spiral readouts, gap‐filled oscillating gradient shapes providing stronger diffusion encoding, and a high‐performance gradient system is developed here and utilized to investigate the tradeoff between b‐value and maximum OGSE frequency in measurements of diffusion dispersion (i.e., the frequency dependence of diffusivity) in the in vivo human brain. In addition, to assess the effects of the marginal flow sensitivity introduced by these OGSE waveforms, flow‐compensated variants are devised for experimental comparison.MethodsUsing DTI sequences, OGSE acquisitions were performed on three volunteers at b‐values of 300, 500, and 1000 s/mm2 and frequencies up to 125, 100, and 75 Hz, respectively; scans were performed for gap‐filled oscillating gradient shapes with and without flow sensitivity. Pulsed gradient spin‐echo DTI acquisitions were also performed at each b‐value. Upon reconstruction, mean diffusivity (MD) maps and maps of the diffusion dispersion rate were computed.ResultsThe power law diffusion dispersion model was found to fit best to MD measurements acquired at b = 1000 s/mm2 despite the associated reduction of the spectral range; this observation was consistent with Monte Carlo simulations. Furthermore, diffusion dispersion rates without flow sensitivity were slightly higher than flow‐sensitive measurements.ConclusionThe presented OGSE implementation provided an improved depiction of diffusion dispersion and demonstrated the advantages of measuring dispersion at higher b‐values rather than higher frequencies within the regimes employed in this study.
Inheritance and fitness cost of buprofezin resistance in a near‐isogenic, field‐derived strain and insecticide resistance monitoring ofLaodelphax striatellusin China
Authors: Zeng Bin , Liu Ya‐Ting , Zhang Wen‐Jing , Feng Ze‐Rui , Wu Shun‐Fan , Gao Cong‐Fen 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDLaodelphax striatellusis one of the most destructive pests of rice and other cereal crops. Chemical control is still the most efficient way to control this pest, but insecticide resistance always threatens this approach.RESULTSMonitoring data (2003–2020) showed that Chinese field populations ofL. striatellusdeveloped high‐level buprofezin resistance within the first four years. This high‐level resistance to buprofezin was stable for about ten years and persisted even when buprofezin selection pressure was absent. An established near‐isogenic strain (YN‐NIS) with 90.8‐fold resistance to buprofezin had resistance inheritance of autosomal and incomplete dominance, and the resistance was controlled by multiple genes with no obvious fitness costs (relative fitness of 0.8707). Furthermore, the susceptibility of 29 field populations to another seven insecticides (2014–2020) showed that: (i) low‐level resistance to pymetrozine, dinotefuran, sulfoxaflor and thiamethoxam was first detected in 2014 (eight years after introduction), 2016 (three years after), 2017 (four years after) and 2019 (19 years after), respectively, (ii) moderate resistance levels to chlorpyrifos were found for all populations across multiple years, and (iii) no resistance was detected for nitenpyram and triflumezopyrim.CONCLUSIONThe fast buprofezin resistance development inL. striatelluswould be caused by incomplete dominant resistance with almost no fitness cost in the resistant strain. Nitenpyram and triflumezopyrim showed no resistance and can be used as the main insecticide for the control ofL. striatellus. These findings provide key fundamental information for controllingL. striatellus.
Beneficial effects of Ilex paraguariensis in the prevention of obesity‐associated metabolic disorders in mice
Authors: Valença Helber da Maia , e Silva Cyntia Pecli , de Brito Gitirana Lycia , Valença Samuel Santos , Lanzetti Manuella 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObesity is a chronic condition involving inflammation and oxidative stress that commonly predisposes affected individuals to develop metabolic disorders. We hypothesize that Ilex paraguariensis (IP) can modulate oxidative stress and inflammation underpinning metabolic disorders caused by obesity. C57BL/6 mice were fed a high‐fat diet (HFD group) for 12 weeks. Concomitantly, some mice were treated with roasted IP (15 mg/ml – HFD + IP) or dimethyl fumarate (DMF) as a positive control (2 mg/ml – HFD + DMF). The control group received standard chow and water ad libitum. Histological analyses of fat tissue and liver, and quantification of mediators related to oxidative stress (Kelch‐like ECH‐associated protein 1/NF‐E2‐related factor 2, NADP(H) quinone oxidoreductase‐1 [NQO1], heme oxygenase 1 [HO1], and superoxide dismutase) as well as metabolic profile blood biomarkers (glucose, leptin, resistin, high‐density lipoproteins [HDLs], and triglycerides) were performed. Metabolic disorders were prevented in mice treated with IP, as evidenced by the observation that glucose, HDL, and resistin levels were similar to those assessed in the control group. Morphological analyses showed that both IP and DMF treatments prevented hepatic steatosis and adipocyte hypertrophy in visceral adipose tissue. Finally, although the antioxidant response stimulated by IP was quite limited, significant effects were found on NQO1 and HO1 expression. In conclusion, IP has promising preventative effects on the development of metabolic disorders caused by obesity.
Rapid Synthesis of High‐Entropy Oxide Microparticles
Authors: Dong Qi , Hong Min , Gao Jinlong , Li Tangyuan , Cui Mingjin , Li Shuke , Qiao Haiyu , Brozena Alexandra H. , Yao Yonggang , Wang Xizheng , Chen Gang , Luo Jian , Hu Liangbing 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHigh‐entropy nanoparticles have received notable attention due to their tunable properties and broad material space. However, these nanoparticles are not suitable for certain applications (e.g., battery electrodes), where their microparticle (submicron to micron) counterparts are more preferred. Conventional methods used for synthesizing high‐entropy nanoparticles often involve various ultrafast shock processes. To increase the size thereby achieving high‐entropy microparticles, longer reaction time (e.g., heating duration) is usually used, which may also lead to undesired particle overgrowth or even densified microstructures. In this work, an approach based on Joule heating for synthesizing high‐entropy oxide (HEO) microparticles with uniform elemental distribution is reported. In particular, two key synthesis conditions are identified to achieve high‐quality HEO microparticles: 1) the precursors need to be loosely packed to avoid densification; 2) the heating time needs to be accurately controlled to tens of seconds instead of using milliseconds (thermal shock) that leads to nanoparticles or longer heating duration that forms bulk structures. The utility of the synthesized HEO microparticles for a range of applications, including high‐performance Li‐ion battery anode and water oxidation catalyst. This study opens up a new door toward synthesizing high‐entropy microparticles with high quality and broad material space.
Deciphering the Precursor–Performance Relationship of Single‐Atom Iron Oxygen Electroreduction Catalysts via Isomer Engineering
Authors: Hong Yaoshuai , Li Longbin , Huang Bingyu , Tang Xiannong , Zhai Weijuan , Hu Ting , Yuan Kai , Chen Yiwang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSingle atom Fe–nitrogen–carbon (Fe–N–C) catalysts have high catalytic activity and selectivity for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), and are possible alternatives for Pt‐based materials. However, the reasonable design and selection of precursors to establish their relationship with Fe–N–C catalyst performance is still a formidable task. Herein, precursors with controllable structures are easily achieved through isomer engineering, with the purpose of regulating the active site density and microscopic morphology of the final electrocatalyst. As‐proof‐of‐concept, phenylenediamine isomers‐based polymers are used as precursors to fabricate Fe–N–C catalysts. The Fe–PpPD‐800 derived from p‐phenylenediamine shows that the best ORR activity with a half‐wave potential (E1/2) reaches 0.892 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), which is better than the counterparts derived from o‐phenylenediamine (Fe–PoPD‐800) and m‐phenylenediamine (Fe–PmPD‐800), even surpassing commercial Pt/C (E1/2 = 0.881 V vs RHE). Furthermore, the self‐made zinc–air battery based on Fe–PpPD‐800 achieves high power density and specific capacity up to 242 mW cm−2 and 873 mA h gZn−1 respectively, a stable open circuit voltage of 1.45 V, and excellent cycling stability. This work not only proves the practicability of adjusting the catalytic activity of single‐atom catalysts through isomer engineering, but also provides an approach to understand the relationship between precursors and target catalysts performance.
Mechanical and Degradation Properties of Thermoplastic Starch Reinforced Nanocomposites
Authors: Behera Ajaya Kumar , Srivastava Rohit , Das Anath B. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFossil oil derived materials exhibit non‐degradable properties with a limited availability. To overcome these limitations, a biodegradable starch/poly(ε‐caprolactone) based Coloisite‐20A nanocomposites are developed in this research study. The overall performance of these newly developed nanocomposite materials is deeply investigated. First, the morphological analysis of the nanocomposites is examined using X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Thereafter, mechanical performance of the nanocomposites is analyzed through tensile and flexural tests. The water‐based contact angle and sorption testing are conducted to confirm the hydrophobic or hydrophilic nature of the nanocomposite. Finally, the degradation behavior of this nanocomposite is estimated by the soil‐burial tests followed by Fourier transform infrared analysis, field emission electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. All the experiments are performed for the control and the test samples. The developed nanocomposites exhibit maximum tensile strength of 6.30 MPa with a water sorption of 6.08% for a 24 h of water immersion tests. On the other hand, the soil‐burial degradation reflects a maximum weight loss of 45.4% after 56 days of degradation period. Hence, moderately hydrophobic, low strength, biodegradable hybrid nanocomposites are developed to counter the use of non‐degradable plastic composites.
RC members with a flexural‐strengthening layer of CFRP textile‐reinforced concrete under monotonic and cyclic long‐term loading
Authors: El Ghadioui Redouan , Wagner Juliane , Klein Jonas , Proske Tilo , Curbach Manfred , Graubner Carl‐Alexander 
Published: January 2022

AbstractStrengthening of existing reinforced concrete (RC) structures by means of externally applied fiber‐reinforced polymer (FRP) reinforcement was and still is an important research topic. CFRP reinforcement is particularly suitable for infrastructure projects where the actual loads have exceeded the predictions made in the past decades and high chloride input due to de‐icing salts is also present. This article presents experimental and theoretical investigations on the structural behavior of RC members strengthened with an externally applied CFRP textile‐reinforced concrete layer under monotonic and cyclic long‐term loading. A precise analysis of the cross‐sectional behavior and the calculation parameters to determine deflections and load‐bearing capacities of the strengthened RC members is conducted. It is shown that the load‐bearing capacity is not influenced by the preceding monotonic or cyclic long‐term loading and despite the many influencing factors, a good agreement between the calculations and experimental data can be achieved.
Empirical approach for the residual flexural tensile strength of steel fiber‐reinforced concrete based on notched three‐point bending tests
Authors: Oettel Vincent , Schulz Markus , Haist Michael 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWhen designing steel fiber‐reinforced concrete, for example, according to Model Code 2010, the residual flexural strength values must be specified as fundamental properties. It is often difficult to establish the relationship between residual flexural strength values and the required dosage of steel fibers depending on the type of steel fibers and the concrete quality. For an estimation of the presumably necessary dosage of steel fibers, various empirical approaches exist for the approximate determination of the residual flexural strength values, which, however, are based on different tests and have been almost exclusively been derived on the basis of few or “own” test results of the respective institute. For this reason, the validity of the respective approximation approach is often limited. Using the bending beam database “Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete”, selected approaches were systematically analyzed and an improved approach for determining the residual flexural strength values of steel fiber‐reinforced concrete was developed.
Breast cancer circulating tumor cells with mesenchymal features—an unreachable target?
Authors: Topa Justyna , Grešner Peter , Żaczek Anna J. , Markiewicz Aleksandra 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCirculating tumor cells (CTCs) mediate dissemination of solid tumors and can be an early sign of disease progression. Moreover, they show a great potential in terms of non-invasive, longitudinal monitoring of cancer patients. CTCs have been extensively studied in breast cancer (BC) and were shown to present a significant phenotypic plasticity connected with initiation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Apart from conferring malignant properties, EMT affects CTCs recovery rate, making a significant portion of CTCs from patients’ samples undetected. Wider application of methods and markers designed to isolate and identify mesenchymal CTCs is required to expand our knowledge about the clinical impact of mesenchymal CTCs. Therefore, here we provide a comprehensive review of clinical significance of mesenchymal CTCs in BC together with statistical analysis of previously published data, in which we assessed the suitability of a number of methods/markers used for isolation of CTCs with different EMT phenotypes, both in in vitro spike-in tests with BC cell lines, as well as clinical samples. Results of spiked-in cell lines indicate that, in general, methods not based on epithelial enrichment only, capture mesenchymal CTCs much more efficiently that CellSearch® (golden standard in CTCs detection), but at the same time are not much inferior to Cell Search®, though large variation in recovery rates of added cells among the methods is observed. In clinical samples, where additional CTCs detection markers are needed, positive epithelial-based CTCs enrichment was the most efficient in isolating CTCs with mesenchymal features from non-metastatic BC patients. From the marker side, PI3K and VIM were contributing the most to detection of CTCs with mesenchymal features (in comparison to SNAIL) in non-metastatic and metastatic BC patients, respectively. However, additional data are needed for more robust identification of markers for efficient detection of CTCs with mesenchymal features.
The impact of an open or laparoscopic approach on the development of metachronous peritoneal metastases after primary resection of colorectal cancer: results from a population-based cohort study
Authors: Lurvink Robin J. , Rijken Anouk , Bakkers Checca , Lemmens Valery E. , de Reuver Philip R. , Tuynman Jurriaan B. , Kok Niels F. , Nienhuijs Simon W. , van Erning Felice N. , de Hingh Ignace H. J. T. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to assess the impact of open or laparoscopic resection of primary colorectal cancer (CRC) on the development of metachronous colorectal peritoneal metastases (CPM) in a population-based cohort.

Materials and methods
This was a retrospective, population-based study of CRC patients who underwent open or laparoscopic resection of the primary tumour in the Netherlands between January 1st and June 30th 2015. Patients with synchronous metastases were excluded. CPM were considered metachronous if diagnosed ≥ 90 days after resection of primary CRC. Multivariable cox regression analysis was performed to correct for tumour location, histology, differentiation, and stage, nodal stage, tumour perforation, primary surgery type, and unclear resection margins.

Results
In total, 1516 CRC patients underwent open resection and 3236 CRC patients underwent laparoscopic resection, with a 3-year cumulative incidence of metachronous CPM of 7.3% and 3.7%, respectively (p < 0.001), after median follow-up of 42 months. Open surgical approach was significantly associated with the development of metachronous CPM: HR 1.4 [95%CI 1.1–1.8]. Other prognostic factors were mucinous adenocarcinoma histology (HR 1.6, 95%CI 1.0–2.5), T4 stage (HR 3.2, 95%CI 2.3–4.5), N1 stage (HR 2.9, 95%CI 2.1–4.0), and N2 stage (HR 4.2, 95%CI 2.9–6.1).

Conclusions
Patients treated with open resection had a significantly higher risk to develop metachronous CPM than patients treated with laparoscopic resection. The mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain unknown but might be related to differences in per-operative specimen handling, tumour spill, surgical trauma and pro-inflammatory response. This finding might imply the need for a personalized follow-up after primary resection of CRC.
Rheumatoid arthritis and myasthenia gravis: a case-based review of the therapeutic options
Authors: Bixio Riccardo , Bertelle Davide , Pistillo Francesca , Pedrollo Elisa , Carletto Antonio , Rossini Maurizio , Viapiana Ombretta 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disease affecting the neuromuscular junction, often associated with other autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis present an increased prevalence of myasthenia gravis compared to the general population. While these two diseases share some therapeutic options, such as glucocorticoids, methotrexate, and rituximab, there are no guidelines for treating concomitant disease. We aim to review the available evidence and to discuss the efficacy and safety of the therapeutic options in patients with rheumatoid arthritis associated with myasthenia gravis.

Method
We described three patients with rheumatoid arthritis associated with myasthenia gravis and we performed a systematic review of the associated literature.

Results
A 48-year-old man and two women (48 and 55 years old) with concomitant diagnoses of active rheumatoid arthritis and well-controlled myasthenia gravis are described. They were treated with methotrexate, leflunomide, upadacitinib, and adalimumab. None of them experienced changes in their myasthenic symptoms. We found 9 additional cases from our literature review. Methotrexate, rituximab, upadacitinib, diphenyl sulfone, auranofin, and loxoprofen sodium did not show an impact on the seven patients with previously well-controlled myasthenia. Glucocorticoids, methotrexate, and rituximab proved effective in active myasthenia gravis and arthritis. Conflicting data emerged for Tumor-necrosis factor inhibitors.

Conclusions
Although the available evidence remains scarce, we consider glucocorticoids, methotrexate, and rituximab as safe and effective options. The role of tumor-necrosis factor inhibitors remains uncertain. Eventually, Janus Kinase inhibitors are a novel interesting option for these patients.

Key Points• To date, the only evidence on the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and concomitant myasthenia gravis derives from case reports.• Based on the review of the available case reports and on the cases we described, we consider glucocorticoids, methotrexate, and rituximab as safe and effective options, while the role of Tumor-necrosis factor inhibitors remains uncertain.• Based on the cases we described, Janus Kinase inhibitors are a novel interesting option for patients with concomitant rheumatoid arthritis and myasthenia gravis.
How to Design a 2D Active Grid for Dynamic Inflow Modulation
Authors: Wester Tom T. B. , Krauss Johannes , Neuhaus Lars , Hölling Agnieszka , Gülker Gerd , Hölling Michael , Peinke Joachim 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn free-field operation, many aerodynamic systems are confronted with changing turbulent inflow conditions. Wind turbines are a prominent example. Here, the rotation of the rotor blades causes incoming wind gusts to result in a local change in the angle of incidence for the blade segments, which changes the effective angle of attack and can lead to dynamic non-linear effects like dynamic stall. Dynamic stall is known to produce a significant overshoot in the acting forces and thus an increase in loads acting on the wind turbine, leading to long-term fatigue. To gain a better understanding, it is necessary to perform wind tunnel experiments under realistic and reproducible inflow with defined conditions. In this study, a so-called 2D active grid is presented, which allows the generation of defined two-dimensional inflow conditions for wind tunnel experiments. The focus is on generating sinusoidal transversal and longitudinal gusts with high amplitudes and frequencies. Different grid configurations and sizes are tested to investigate differences in the generated flow fields. Transversal gusts imposed in this way can be used to study dynamic phenomena without having to move the object under investigation itself. Inertial effects during force measurements and a changing shadow casting due to moving airfoils in particle image velocimetry measurements are thus avoided. The additional possibility to generate defined longitudinal gusts allows to generate a broad range of reproducible inflow situations like yaw or tower shadow effects during experimental investigations.
Sexual Victimization in the Digital Age: A Population-Based Study of Physical and Image-Based Sexual Abuse Among Adolescents
Authors: Pedersen Willy , Bakken Anders , Stefansen Kari , von Soest Tilmann 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAdolescents increasingly use social media platforms, and these practices open up new forms of sexual victimization, in particular image-based sexual abuse (IBSA). Few studies have examined prevalence rates and correlates of both physical sexual victimization (PSV) and these new forms of victimization in representative samples. We used data from 5,245 adolescent girls (53%) and 4,580 adolescent boys (47%) from the population-based Young in Oslo Study (mean age 17.1 years, SD = 0.9). Of all respondents, 2.9% had experienced IBSA, 4.3% PSV, and 1.7% both IBSA and PSV in the course of the previous 12 months. Multivariate analyses revealed that PSV victims, after control for other variables, had many characteristics described in previous studies of sexual victimization. Girls had higher prevalence rates than boys, many had been victims of other types of violence, and were part of peer groups with much use of alcohol and drugs. PSV victims also reported early intercourse onset and a higher proportion had been commercially sexually exploited. Lesbian, gay, and bisexual adolescents had higher victimization rates. Victims of both PSV and IBSA had a similar but even more pronounced profile. The IBSA victims were different: They lacked many of the traditional risk factors for sexual victimization, there were no significant gender differences in this group, and IBSA victims more often came from high socioeconomic backgrounds. In conclusion, we observe a reconfigured landscape of sexual victimization patterns among Norway adolescents due to their increasing participation on social media and digital platforms.