bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control of Foliar Form Grape Phylloxera in Ohio, 1976
Authors: Williams Roger N. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Insecticides were screened for efficacy against phylloxera at Wooster and Vermilion. At Wooster, plots consisted of 2 Clinton vines with 4 replications per treatment in randomized blocks. Vine spacing was 8 ft × 9 f t . Aqueous treatments were applied to foliage at rate of 68 gal spray per acre using a Hudson 6209, 2 gal. Favorite sprayer at 40 psi. All sprays were applied June 22 and July 5. Furadan and Temik granules were incorporated in soil 1.5 ft away from vine row and 1.5 ft outside end vines, in form of ellipsis around plot. Granules were distributed uniformly in the bottom of a 1.5 inch furrow and covered with soil as soon as applied. Soil was moist at time of application. Granules were applied May 13, ca. one month before full bloom. At Vermilion, plots consisted of 3 Beta vines with 4 replications per treatment in randomized blocks. Spacing was 6 ft × 8 f t . Sprays were applied to vines at rate of 100 gal per acre using the same sprayer on June 4 and June 17. Nu-Film-17 extender was added to all spray treatments, except Zolone, at 1 pt per acre.
Reduction of Insect Induced Apical Seediness in Strawberry, 1976
Authors: Schaefers George A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The experimental planting consisted of 14 rows of 'Gala' variety strawberry at the Experiment Station in Geneva, NY. Two-foot wide matted rows were planted on 6 ft centers. Each row contained 7 replicates with 6 ft between each replicate. The planting was divided into 5 blocks and 16 treatments were completely randomized within each block. A single application was made on June 8 when nymphal counts reached 48/30 blossom clusters. Application was made at a rate of 100 gpa with a tractor-mounted row crop sprayer. All fruit was harvested and rated as injured or not injured, but only those fruits harvested ca 30 days (the normal ripening period) after the treatment are included in the table.
Contact Toxicity of Seven Insecticides To Strawberry Sap Beetle Adults, 1976
Authors: Williams Roger N. , Niemczyk Harry D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Adults of the strawberry sap beetle were collected on overripe strawberries in a commercial strawberry field near Akron, Ohio. These beetles were brought to O.A.R.D.C. to test their susceptibility to several classes of insecticides. They were held 24 hr at the holding conditions indicated below, prior to being treated. Stock solutions (1 %) of each material tested were prepared from technical grade materials using a mixture of acetone and olive o i l , 19:1 (vol/vol), as the solvent. Two replicates of 10 beetles each, selected at random, were anesthetized with ether and placed on filter paper in 9-cm glass petri dishes. Each replicate was sprayed with 5 ml of the insecticides at one of the concentrations in a Potter spray tower. Checks consisted of 2 sets of 10 beetles each sprayed with the solvent. Treated beetles were removed from petri dishes and placed in paper cups with a moist wick of 5% honey-water and covered with a glass petri dish and held at 24° ± 1.5°C and 60% RH. Treatments were made on July 27, July 29 or September 13. Mortality readings were made 24 hr after treatment.
Citrus Red Mite Control with Galecron and Omite, 1976
Authors: Tuttle D. M. , Arvizo G. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots of 5 acres each were treated with Galecron and Galecron plus Omite on March 17. Materials were applied with a speed sprayer using 100 gallons per acre, 100 psi. Counts were made 5, 9, 15, 20, and 26 days following treatment in the field by examining 100 newer leaves per treatment and check at random within the grove in a diagonal direction.
Garden Symphylan Control in Broccoli, 1976
Authors: Berry Ralph E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Studies were conducted in a naturally infested field to compare broadcast and band treatments against the garden symphylan. Plots (20 x 15 ft) were arranged in pairs and treatments were applied at random in a randomized block design to one plot of each pair and the other was left as a check. Check plots were used to adjust the response in the treated plots for variation in the distribution of symphylans in the field. Each pair of plots was replicated three times. Granules were applied with a hand-operated applicator and liquids with a CO2 sprayer equipped with a hand-held boom fitted with T-jet 8003 flat fan nozzles operated to deliver 18 gal/A at 30 psi. Broadcast treatments were incorporated immediately to a depth of 6 inches with a tractor-mounted rototiller. Band treatments were applied in a 7-inch band to previously marked rows spaced 36 inches apart. Five rows of broccoli (var. Coastal) were planted through the plots after treatment (June 14). Plant stand counts were made July 2 1 . Two soil samples (25.4 cm deep) were taken at random with a small spade from each treatment on July 28. Soil samples were placed in plastic bags and symphylans were extracted from the examples in the laboratory by water flotation.
Cabbage Maggot Control with Drenches on Transplant Cabbage, 1976
Authors: Libby J. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experimental plots consisted of single 27 ft rows, with 36 inches between rows, at 14 inch plant spacing. Each treatment consisted of 4 replicates in a randomized complete block design. Plots were transplanted and treated on June 17. Drenches were applied at the rate of 4 oz per plant. Results were taken on August 24. The soil type was Piano silt loam with a pH 6.0 and a soil composition of sand 12%, silt 70%, clay 18%.
Foliar Treatments To Control The Cabbage Looper in Collards, 1976
Authors: Hofmaster R. N. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Votes collards were direct seeded in 3 ft rows on May 25, 2976, and thinned to 10 inch spacing 1 month later. Treatment plots were replicated 3 times and arranged in a randomized block design. Each plot consisted of a single 30 ft long row with an untreated row adjacent to each treatment plot. Insecticides were applied with a trailermounted Hudson Porta Power Sprayer at the rate of 100 gal/acre at ca. 250 psi, using 6 Myers Fembro nozzles '6251A ('2 discs) per row. Two nozzles were placed directly over the center of the row and 4 nozzles, 2 spaced about 8 inches apart on drop-lines on each side of the row, directed inward. Applications were made on August 4, 11, 17, 24, and 30. Treatments were evaluated by counting the number of loopers per 10 collard plants or by foliage injury ratings. Foliage injury ratings ranged from 1 to 5 and were categorized as follows: 1) Only occasional feeding — necessary to look very close to see evidence of injury; 2) Visible signs of feeding but less than 10% of leaves severely damaged; 3) Heavy feeding on 25% of foliage; 4) Intense feeding on 50% of foliage; and 5) Practically 100% of the foliage severely injured — plants nearly defoliated.
Cabbage Looper Control on Collards, 1976
Authors: Kouskolekas C. A. , Herbert D. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This test was conducted at the North Alabama Horticulture Substation, Cullman, AL. The experimental planting consisted of two-6-row strips of plants set as seedlings on July 27. A randomized complete block design, with 4 reps per treatment, was used. Plots consisted of 6 rows (44-inch centers) x 40 ft and were separated by 10 ft alleys. Sprays were applied with a Super Blue Boy 6000 sprayer delivering 50 gal/acre. Application were made on Aug. 17, 23, 30, and Sept. 7. On Sept 9, 10 plants/plot were randomly selected from the 2 middle rows and were visually rated for defoliation. In assessing the damage, the following scale of I to 6 was used: 1 = 0 - 1% defoliation; 2 = 2-5% defol.; 3 = 6-10%defol.; 4 = 11-20% defol.; 5 = 21-50% defol.; 6 = 5 1% defol. and above. Plant injury was rated by two observers and the mean used in computations. Plants with injury ratings above 3 were considered unmarketable. The pest population consisted mainly of cabbage loopers (90% or more), with small numbers of imported cabbageworms and diamondback moth larvae.
Corn Borer Control, Absaraka, North Dakota, 1974 and 1976
Authors: Fryer R. D. , Dregseth R. L. , Carey D. R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Insecticides were tested in plots 2 rows wide (spaced 36 in.) and 300 ft long. There was a guard row between each plot and 6 guard rows on each side of the field but no guard rows at the ends of the field. The soil was a sandy loam with a pH of approximately 7 and 5% organic matter. Plots were planted on June 2 1 , 1974 and May 30, 1976. A single insecticide was applied to both rows in each plot, randomly assigned for treatment, when corn was in the late whorl stage and leaf feeding was first observed. Granular materials were applied with 7 i n . banders, and liquids were applied in 7 i n . bands with 800 2E nozzles at 40 psi. Applications were made at 3 mph, with the insecticides being directed into the whorl of the plants. Sprays were applied in 18 gals of water/acre. The weather in both years was dry and warm after the treatments were applied. Plant growth was good. Data consisted of average borer counts from 5 plants in six uniformly spaced sites in one row in each plot and was transformed by X + .5. Plants were dissected in early September. The infestation at the time of dissection was light in both years (0.77 and 0.70 borers/plant in untreated corn in 1974 and 1976 respectively). This might be explained in part by the dry conditions during the borer oviposition period. There is usually only 1 generation of the borer/year in the area. The number of borers found in ears was negligible. Treatments were compared with “t” tests for paired comparisons.
Corn Earworm Control, Othello, 1976
Authors: Johansen Carl , Mayer Dan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Eight chemical and microbial treatments were applied to 'Jubilee' sweet corn using fixedwing aircraft. Four applications were made at 5-day intervals beginning September 2 , 1976 (10% silk). Plots were one acre each, replicated four times in randomized blocks. Fifteen days after the last application, 50 ears were sampled from the center of each plot. Each ear was checked for earworm damage and the number of ears with one or more living earworms was also recorded. Extent of damage was rated for length using an index of 1 to 5 where 1 = 0 - 0 . 5 cm, 2 = 0 . 5 - 1 cm, 3 = 1 - 2 cm, 4 = 2 - 3 cm, and 5 = &gt; 3 cm in length and for circumference where 1 = 1 - 2 kernels, 2 = up to 1/4, 3 = up to 1 / 2 , 4 = up to 3 / 4 , and 5 = up to entire circumference. Materials tested were also evaluated for toxicity to honey bees, using an index of 0 to 5 where 0 has no hazard, 1 having a short residual hazard, and 5 a long residual hazard.
Corn Earworm and European Corn Borer Control on Sweet Corn , 1976:
Authors: York Alan C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The sweet corn was planted 3 July in rows 25 ft by 30 inches. Each treatment consisted of 2 rows separated from the next treatment by an untreated row. Sprays were applied with a compressed air sprayer, 100 gal per acre at 50 psi on 27 August, 29 August, 1 September, 4 September and harvested on 7 September. Damage was assessed by shucking 25 ears per treatment and checking for worm damage. Feeding on kernels at shank end was considered due to corn borer even if not present at harvest.
Potato Tuberworm and Potato Aphid Control on Potato with Foliar Insecticidal Sprays, 1976
Authors: Hofmaster R. N. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
'Pungo' Irish potatoes were planted, 10 inch spacing in 3 foot rows, on August 5, 1976. Treatment plots were replicated 4 times in a randomized block design. Each plot consisted of a single 25 foot long row bordered on each side by an untreated row. The sprays were applied with a D. B. Smith 5 gallon knapsack, hand-operated compressed air sprayer at the rate of 100 gallons/acre (40 psi) using a D. B. Smith #E147 adjustable cone nozzle. Applications were made on September 7, 14, 21 and 30 and October 7, 15 and 23, 1976, for all treatments except FMC 35093 and FMC 22864. Due to shortness of material FMC 35093 was applied only on September 7, 14 and 30 and FMC 22864 sprays were terminated after September 30. In evaluating the various insecticidal treatments the number of tuberworm mines in the foliage/10 hills and the number of aphids/10 terminal potato leaves were counted. The potatoes were harvested November 4.
Potato Tubermoth and Green Peach Aphid Control on Potato Foliage, 1976
Authors: McCalley Norman F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
'Kennebec' potatoes were planted June 4, with a two-row commercial potato planter on 36 inch rows at Salinas, CA. Insecticides were applied August 3, and August 25, with a tractor drawn sprayer equipped with a four bed boom fitted with 15 Spraying Systems 8002 flat fan nozzles operated at 100 psi, delivering 60 gpa dilute spray. Plots were four beds wide by 75 feet long replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. Insect counts were taken from the center two rows of each plot selecting plants at random. August 19, sixteen days after the first application, all the foliage from four plants per plot were examined for treatment effects against tuberworm larvae. August 30, five days after the second application, green peach aphid apterae were counted by sampling 25 trifoliate leaflets per plot, selected from mid-plant height. Data were transformed to X + 0.5 and subjected to analysis of variance.
Potato Wireworm Control, Pasco, Washington, 1975
Authors: Toba H. H. , Turner J. E. , Powell D. M. , Mondor W. T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The soil type was Ritzville Series, silt loam, with less than 0.5% organic matter. On March 3 and 11, soil samples were taken with a posthole digger to estimate the wireworm population. Thirteen wireworms were found in 132 samples, a calculated density of 0.9 wireworms/ft2, based on a 95% confidence limit. Preplant broadcast and at-plant band treatments were separate experiments. Each treatment was replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Individual plots were 6 rows wide (34 in apart) and 50 ft long. On April 29, the preplant broadcast treatments were applied and incorporated into the soil. Granules were broadcast with a hand-operated grass seeder, and EC formulations were applied with a hand-held 2-row sprayer consisting of 4 Teejet nozzles. The EC formulations were diluted in water to a volume of 1 qt and applied at a rate of ca. 12.8 gal/acre at a pressure of 30 psi. The plots were rototilled to a depth of 6 inches within 2 hr after application. Potatoes were planted on May 22 and on May 23, the at-plant band treatments were applied 4 inches to each side and level with the seed pieces. Granules were applied with tractor-mounted Gandy applicators in 1-inch bands, 2 rows at a time. The EC formulations were diluted in water to a volume of 1 qt and applied at a pressure of 30 psi to 2 rows at a time by using a tractor-mounted applicator. All plots were sprinkler irrigated. Tuber samples were harvested on October 6 to 8 from the 2 center rows of each plot (15 ft/row). All samples were washed and examined, and the percentages, by weight, of injured and culled tubers due to wireworms were determined. “Injured” was defined as any injury severe enough to meet the description of “damage” in Sec. 51.1554 of the U. S. Standard for Potatoes. The percentages were transformed toX + 0.5 and analyzed by analysis of variance (split-plot design) and Duncan's new multiple range test.
Root Maggot Control on Rutabaga, 1976
Authors: Webb Ralph E. , Pilitt Dana R. , Cawley Bryant M. , Longridge J . L. , Libby J . L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experimental plots consisted of single 27 ft rows, with 36 inches between rows. Each treatment consisted of 4 replicates in a randomized complete block design. The crop was planted and treated with a double-cone seeder on May 8. The seeding rate was 1 seed per inch with the plants being thinned to approximately 12 inch spacing. Foliar sprays were applied on July 13 and August 29 for control of the F1 and F2 generations respectively. Sprays were applied through a Solo back pack sprayer with a flat, fan spray nozzle delivering 70 gallons per acre. Root maggot readings were taken on September 23.
Evaluation of In-Furrow Applications of Insecticides For Sugarbeet Root Maggot Control, 1975
Authors: Anderson A. W. , Carlson R. B. , Dregseth R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
American Crystal hybrid 2B sugarbeets were planted May 25 in Bearden silt loam soil with good soil moisture at St. Thomas, North Dakota in two row plots 100 ft long with a 22 inch row spacing. Each treated plot was separated by two rows of untreated beets. Granular materials were applied behind the discs in the furrow as i t was closing so that the granules were above the seed and not in direct contact. Light drag chains were employed to further cover the row. Treatments were replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. The experiment was conducted under dryland conditions with above average rainfall during June and July. Damage ratings were taken July 16, by evaluating 8 beets from each plot on a scale of 1-4 (1 = no damage; 2 = slight damage, three small scars or less; 3 = moderate damage, less than 1/2 the root surface damaged; 4 = heavy damage, more than 1/2 of the root surface damaged, the plant dead or dying). Treatments were evaluated from yield estimates based on two 36 foot samples per plot (72') from treated rows taken on October 6.
Twospotted Spider Mite Control, 1976
Authors: Butt B. A. , Lydin L. V. , Joy D. N. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
'U & I Hybrid 8' sugarbeers were planted March 23 at Sunnyside, WA, in Warden silt loam and on April 1 at Quincy, WA, in Timmerman sandy loam. All beets were furrow irrigated. The Quincy plots were 200 ft wide and 600 ft long, and the Sunnyside plots were 150 ft wide and 600 ft long. All treatments were applied by air. The Quincy plots were treated with 5 gal/acre on July 20 and 10 gal/acre on Aug. 24. The Sunnyside plots were treated with 10 gal/acre Aug. 6 and Aug. 30. Spider mite infestation was determined by collecting and brushing 25 leaves from each of the 16 subplots at each location. For data collection and analysis each plot was divided into 4 subplots 150 ft long. Ten samples of sugarbeets, each sample 10 ft long, were dug from each untreated and Comite treated subplot Oct. 28 and 29.
Sugarbeet Root Maggot Control, St. Thomas, North Dakota, 1974
Authors: Frye R. D. , Dregseth R. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Insecticide treatments were replicated seven times in a randomized-complete block test. The soil was mostly silty clay loam with a pH of approximately 7 and 5-8% organic matter. Plots consisted of four 60 ft rows, and were planted June 3. Insecticides were applied to all four rows at 3 mph. Treatments were made in the furrow, in 7 in. bands over the rows at planting, and 7 in . bands over the rows at post-fly emergence (June 24). Fly emergence reached the peak on June 25. The banded treatments were lightly incorporated into the soil with drag chains (1 3/4 in . links). Liquid materials were applied in 18 gal. water with 8002E nozzles at 40 psi. Weather conditions were favorable for insecticide application and for good beet growth later in the season. Very little rain fell after the materials were applied. Data consisted of yields from 30 f t . of beets from row 2 (from the left) in each plot. The data was transformed by x , and was analyzed by analysis of variance and Duncan's new multiple range test. The functional maggot infestation (based on the amount of damage to untreated beets) indicates that there were sufficient maggots to provide satisfactory data. The infestation was light to moderate. The ave damage rating was 2.69 on a scale of 1 (no damage) to 5 (severe damage).
Control of Phyllophaga Larvae and Cornfield Ants in Field Corn In Northern Illinois, 1975
Authors: Sechriest Ralph E. , Paullus James H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Preseason soil baiting for soil insects using a mixture of wheat and corn grain indicated a heavy population of white grub larvae within the upper 4 in of soil. Ants were observed after the corn seedlings had emerged. Insecticides were applied to 38 in row plots, 4 rows wide, on May 14' 1975, and compared to a check and the normal farmer-planting with no insecticide or herbicide. Each plot was relicated 3 times. The soil was a light brown loam with pH 6.3. The test was evaluated for grubs by counting the number of healthy and injured plants per 100 ft of row, digging 5 plants per plot to count the number of live and dead larvae, and hand harvesting 1/1000th of an acre in each plot. Ant colonies were counted in the middle two rows (7 in band area) on 100 ft per plot.
Dichlorvos Vapor For Control of Cotton Leafperforator and Other Insects in The Greenhouse, 1972-74
Authors: Benschoter C. A. , Bariola L. A. , Leal M. P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The cotton leafperforator is a major pest on cotton grown in the greenhouse in Arizona and a continuous program of control is necessary to keep plants free of this insect. Other pests that appear sporadically and cause problems are the pink bollworm, Pectinophoragossypiella (Saunders), the cabbage looper, Trichoplusiani (Hubner), white-flies, Trialurodes spp., aphids, Aphis spp., various species of thrips and spider mites, Tetranychus spp. The 25 × 32 ft greenhouse (ca 8500 ft3) has a door in each end. One side contains two 24-inch diameter exhaust fans, and the opposite side has a full length window which, in the open position, allows air to be drawn through wet filters for evaporative cooling. As a funigation chamber, this greenhouse is not even moderately tight. In order to fumigate we simply closed the window and doors and shut off the fans. The liquid dichlorvos (technical grade, 96%) was slowly vaporized from a petri dish on a hot plate (70°C). A fan distributed the vapor within the room. We did not adhere to a strict schedule during this study and fumigated only when perforator moths were observed in the greenhouse. Biological effects were measured by exposing caged insects to greenhouse fumigation and by confining untreated insects on treated plants. A minimum of 4 replicates was used in each test.
Sorghum Shoot Fly Control, 1972-73
Authors: Patil Vasant L. , Jotwani M. G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The research was conducted under the field conditions during Kharif (1972) and Summer (1973) seasons, at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi. Experiments were laid out in a randomized block design with 8 treatments and 4 replications. Plots consisted of 5 rows, each 3m in length, spaced 75 cm apart from each other. Total experimental area was 0.036 ha. Sorghum seeds of hybrid CSH-1 were hand sown in furrows, 15 cm apart from each other, 3 seeds/hill. The seedlings were thinned 7 days after germination to 1 healthy plant/hill. The Kharif crop was sown on Aug 9'72 and the summer crop was sown on Mar 10'73. Plots were irrigated to maintain sufficient moisture. Granules were applied in furrows before sowing and seed treatment with carbofuran 50WP w,as done just before sowing. Relative efficacy of systemic insecticides was evaluated by counting dead hearts in the main shoots and tillers up to 28 days after germination. The shoot f ly infestation was severe. The Kharif crop was harvested on Nov 10'72 and the Summer crop on June 1 '73. In summer due to high temperature, grain formation is adversely affected at New Delhi, therefore, grain yield was not recorded for this trial.