bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fast and High‐Yield Anhydrous Synthesis of Ti3C2Tx MXene with High Electrical Conductivity and Exceptional Mechanical Strength
Authors: Oh Taegon , Lee Seungjun , Kim Hyerim , Ko Tae Yun , Kim Seon Joon , Koo Chong Min 
Published: September 2022

Abstract2D transition metal carbides or nitrides (MXenes) have attracted considerable attention from materials scientists and engineers owing to their physicochemical properties. Currently, MXenes are synthesized from MAX‐phase precursors using aqueous HF. Here, in order to enhance the production of MXenes, an anhydrous etching solution is proposed, consisting of dimethylsulfoxide as solvent with its high boiling point, NH4HF2 as an etchant, CH3SO3H as an acid, and NH4PF6 as an intercalant. The reaction temperature can be increased up to 100 °C to accelerate the etching and delamination of Ti3AlC2 MAX crystals; in addition, the destructive side reaction of the produced Ti3C2Tx MXene is suppressed in the etchant. Consequently, the etching reaction is completed in 4 h at 100 °C and produces high‐quality monolayer Ti3C2Tx with an electrical conductivity of 8200 S cm−1 and yield of over 70%. The Ti3C2Tx MXene fabricated via this modified synthesis exhibits different surface structures and properties arising from more F‐terminations than those of Ti3C2Tx synthesized in aqueous HF2T. The atypical surface structure of Ti3C2Tx MXene results in an exceptionally high ultimate tensile strength (167 ± 8 MPa), which is five times larger than those of Ti3C2Tx MXenes synthesized in aqueous HF solution (31.7 ± 7.8 MPa).
An empirical study of the Python/C API on evolution and bug patterns
Authors: Hu Mingzhe , Zhang Yu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPython is a popular programming language, and a large part of its appeal comes from diverse libraries and extension modules. In the bloom of data science and machine learning, Python frontend with C/C++ native implementation achieves both productivity and performance and has almost become the standard structure for many mainstream software systems. However, feature discrepancies between two languages such as exception handling, memory management, and type system can pose many safety hazards in the interface layer using the Python/C API. In this paper, we carry out an empirical study of the Python/C API on evolution and bug patterns. The evolution analysis includes Python/C API design in CPython compilers and its usage in mainstream software. By designing and applying a static analysis toolset, we reveal the evolution and usage statistics of the Python/C API and provide a summary and classification of 9 common bug patterns. In Pillow, a widely used Python imaging library, we find 48 bugs, 19 of which are undiscovered before. Our toolset can be easily extended to access different types of syntactic bug‐finding checkers, and our systematical taxonomy to classify bugs can guide the construction of more highly automated and high‐precision bug‐finding tools.
OntoSuSD: Software engineering approaches integration ontology for sustainable software development
Authors: Zada Islam , Shahzad Sara , Ali Shaukat , Mehmood Raja Majid 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDifferent software development approaches (SDAs) are developed with broad portfolios of development processes. Each of the approaches has certain exclusive principles, practices, thinking, and values, which are informally represented, implemented, and improperly institutionalized. Ontologies are developed for the representation, assessment, and adaptation of SDAs separately without having a shared terminology which may lead to terminological conflict and confusion affecting the simultaneous representation and implementation in software development industry and academia. The software engineering approaches does not consider and support sustainability as priority concern. However, the approaches have capabilities of supporting sustainable software development in different sustainability aspects. This research article aims for the designing and development of an integrated ontology of software engineering approaches (i.e., agile, lean, and green) named OntoSuSD (ontology for sustainable software development) to support sustainable software development knowledge, awareness, and implementation. The goal of OntoSuSD is to propose, design and develop a formal, generic, consistent, and shared knowledge base containing semantic terminology and description of concepts and relationships generated around the representation and implementation of lean, agile, and green approaches in software development processes, which will facilitate their simultaneous implementation and assessment for sustainable software development. The OntoSuSD is developed using practical ontology engineering methodology by reusing relevant ontologies and explicit concepts and properties are defined to fulfill knowledge requirements and representations of the domain. The OntoSuSD is evaluated, and results infer OntoSuSD has high ontological design, good domain coverage, potential applications and achieves purpose of the ontology development.
Experimental study on seismic behavior of T‐shaped steel fiber reinforced concrete columns
Authors: Li Wei , Ye Heng , Sun Linzhu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSix T‐shaped columns in which steel fiber concrete is integrated with a high‐strength stirrup (SFRC) and two control specimens are tested under a cyclic lateral load and constant axial load. The effectiveness of the steel fiber concrete and high‐strength stirrup to enhance its ductility and earthquake resistance is described at high‐and low‐axial compression ratios. The failure patterns, hysteresis response, backbone curves, ductility, and strain behavior analysis of the columns are studied systematically in the test. The effects of the stirrup strength, stirrup spacing, steel fiber content, and axial load ratio were investigated. The test results demonstrated that all specimens exhibited flexural failure. Steel fibers could prevent the cracked concrete from spalling. Specimens with high‐strength stirrups, close stirrup spacing, and steel fiber exhibited a higher lateral bearing capacity, energy dissipation capacity, initial stiffness, and displacement ductility. A new strength model for predicting the lateral ultimate capacity of T‐shaped concrete columns strengthened with SFRC subjected to cyclic loading is proposed. The calculated results agree well with the test results. Eight T‐shaped column specimens were simulated using ABAQUS finite element analysis software. A comparison of the results of the numerical study with the experimental results demonstrates that the finite element model can accurately predict the structural behavior.
Effects of aggregate type, aggregate pretreatment method, supplementary cementitious materials, and macro fibers on fresh and hardened properties of high‐strength all‐lightweight self‐compacting concrete
Authors: Liu Huiyuan , Elchalakani Mohamed , Sadakkathulla Mohamed Ali , Yehia Sherif , Pham Thong M. , Yang Bo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this research, a new high‐strength all‐lightweight self‐compacting concrete (HALSCC) was developed with a density less than 1760 kg/m3 and a compressive strength of more than 40 MPa. The effects of different parameters were investigated: pretreatment methods, binders, type of aggregates, and hybrid steel fibers on the properties of HALSCC. The experimental investigation evaluated the properties of fresh, mechanical, and microstructure of several concrete mixtures that incorporate low‐C3A cement, silica fume, metakaolin, and hybrid steel fibers. The results show that HALSCC can be developed. The binder pretreatment method could improve the compressive strength by 14.1% compared with the water pretreatment method through the strengthening of Zone 1 and Zone 2 of interfacial transition zone. Also, the mixes incorporating stalite could improve the compressive strength by 40.8% and 106% compared to the mixes with scoria and leca respectively. Hybrid length steel fibers could increase the mechanical properties when compared to a single type of fiber.
A review of frequently used Kampo prescriptions part 1. Daikenchuto
Authors: Namiki Takao , Hoshino Takayuki , Egashira Nobuaki , Kogure Toshiaki , Endo Mari , Homma Masato 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe original formula name for daikenchuto (DKT) was written in ‘Jin Gui Yao Lue (Kinkiyōryaku in Japanese)’. DKT as used in Japan consists of four types of crude drug.Key findingsAlthough there are few examples of its use in Chinese classical records, it has begun to be used extensively in modern Japan for intestinal obstruction after laparotomy. Furthermore, to prove its usefulness, many clinical trials on DKT for intestinal obstruction have been conducted since the 1990s. Although the efficacy of DKT in preventing or improving intestinal obstruction was controversial, a meta‐analysis of nine studies reported in recent years showed that DKT significantly reduced the incidence of intestinal obstruction after gastrointestinal cancer surgery, suggesting its effectiveness. Related knowledge of irritable bowel syndrome has also been accumulated through case reports. DKT has been shown to be involved in the promotion of gastrointestinal motility, inhibition of excessive gastrointestinal motility, secretion of gastrointestinal hormones, and improvement of gastrointestinal blood flow, and to have anti‐inflammatory effects. In addition to drug rash, serious adverse events include hepatic dysfunction and interstitial pneumonia, but there have been relatively few reports.ConclusionDKT has been used in many cases in Japan, but it is often used without considering the ‘pattern (shō)’. Since it was originally formulated for the treatment of chills (hie), it would be more effective if its target (pattern) were taken into consideration. Overall, DKT is a safe prescription with a wide range of applications.
Unblocking the rate‐limiting step of the municipal sludge anaerobic digestion
Authors: Wang Jiefu , Sun Yuepeng , Zhang Dian , Broderick Tom , Strawn Mary , Santha Hari , Pallansch Karen , Deines Allison , Wang Zhi‐Wu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAnaerobic digestion stabilizes municipal sludge through total solids reduction and biogas production. It is generally accepted that hydrolysis accounts for the rate‐limiting step of municipal sludge anaerobic digestion, impacting the overall rates of solids reduction and methane production. Technically, the sludge hydrolysis rate can be enhanced by the application of thermal hydrolysis pretreatment (THP) and is also affected by the total solids concentration, temperature, and solids retention time used in the anaerobic digestion. This study systematically analyzed and compared ways to take these four factors into the consideration of modern anaerobic digestion system for achieving the maximum solid reduction. Results showed that thermophilic anaerobic digestion was superior to mesophilic anaerobic digestion in terms of solids reduction but vice versa in terms of the methane production when integrated with THP. This difference has to do with the intermediate product accumulation and inhibition when hydrolysis outpaced methanogenesis in THP‐enhanced thermophilic anaerobic digestion, which can be mitigated by adjusting the solids retention time.Practitioner points

THP followed by TAD offers the greatest solids reduction rate.
THP followed by MAD offered the greatest methane production rate.
FAN inhibition appears to be an ultimate limiting factor constraining the methane production rate.
In situ ammonia removal technique should be developed to further unblock the rate‐limiting step.
A composite material based on nano‐metal‐organic framework MIL‐53(Fe) for adsorbing dyes from water
Authors: Li Yuqian , Shen Luting , Si Panpan , Xie Minghui , Jin Xiaoxiong , Dong Yubing , Lin Wenxin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMetal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) had been widely used in adsorption, but nanoscale MOFs always caused secondary pollution which attributed to the difficultly of removing from water completely. To solve the problem, nanoscale metal‐organic framework MIL‐53(Fe) was uniformly grown onto carbon nanotubes (CNTs)/ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) fiber to obtain MIL‐53(Fe)/CE fiber, and the loading content of MIL‐53(Fe) reached to 60.6 wt %. The MIL‐53(Fe)/CE fiber exhibited excellent adsorption capacity for congo red (CR) and medium orange 1 (MO1), which the removal was 99.4 % and 96.8 %. In addition, the composite could release nearly all adsorbed dyes after 1 h, which had the potential of recycling. The adsorption content of pure MIL‐53(Fe) for MO1 was about 68.4 % after 4 cycles, and the composite reached to 82.4 % after 9 cycles, implying the desirable reusability of composite. The MIL‐53(Fe)/CE fiber displayed potential application prospects in dye adsorption because of its ideal separation property, fast dye releasing and good recyclability.
Sensitivity to new physics in final states with multiple gauge and Higgs bosons
Authors: Cappati A. , Covarelli R. , Torrielli P. , Zaro M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We analyse the sensitivity to beyond-the-Standard-Model effects of hadron-collider processes involving the interaction of two electroweak and two Higgs bosons, VVHH, with V being either a W or a Z boson. We examine current experimental results by the CMS collaboration in the context of a dimension-8 extension of the Standard Model in an effective-field-theory formalism. We show that constraints from vector-boson-fusion Higgs-pair production on operators that modify the Standard Model VVHH interactions are already comparable with or more stringent than those quoted in the analysis of vector-boson-scattering final states. We study the modifications of such constraints when introducing unitarity bounds, and investigate the potential of new experimental final states, such as ZHH associated production. Finally, we show perspectives for the high-luminosity phase of the LHC.
Chaotic instability in the BFSS matrix model
Authors: Fukushima Osamu , Yoshida Kentaroh 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Chaotic scattering is a manifestation of transient chaos realized by the scattering with non-integrable potential. When the initial position is taken in the potential, a particle initially exhibits chaotic motion, but escapes outside after a certain period of time. The time to stay inside the potential can be seen as lifetime and this escape process may be regarded as a kind of instability. The process of this type exists in the Banks-Fischler-Shenker-Susskind (BFSS) matrix model in which the potential has flat directions. We discuss this chaotic instability by reducing the system with an ansatz to a simple dynamical system and present the associated fractal structure. We also show the singular behavior of the time delay function and compute the fractal dimension. This chaotic instability is the basic mechanism by which membranes are unstable, which is also common to supermembranes at quantum level.
More on topological hydrodynamic modes
Authors: Pan Wen-Bin , Sun Ya-Wen 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Based on previous work that topologically nontrivial gapless modes in relativistic hydrodynamics could be found by weakly breaking the energy momentum conservation, in this paper, we study the holographic system which produces the same hydrodynamic modes. In the hydrodynamic system, one possibility to obtain the energy momentum non-conservation is to couple the system to external gravitational fields, i.e. to observe the system in a special non-inertial frame. Similar to what happens in the hydrodynamic system, a non-inertial frame version of holography indeed produces the same topologically nontrivial gapless hydrodynamic modes. We also generalize the study of topological modes in relativistic hydrodynamics to the case with one extra U(1) current and find that more complicated topological phase diagrams could exist when we consider more possibilities of the mass terms. We also discuss the possible underlying mechanism for this topological change in the spectrum when being observed in a non-inertial reference frame.
On odd number of fermion zero modes on solitons in quantum field theory and string/M theory
Authors: Sato Yotaro , Tachikawa Yuji , Watari Taizan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We argue that having an odd number of Majorana fermion zero modes on a dynamical point-like soliton signifies an inconsistency in a theory with 3+1 and higher dimensions. We check this statement in a couple of examples in field theory and in string/M theory.
Near-zone symmetries of Kerr black holes
Authors: Hui Lam , Joyce Austin , Penco Riccardo , Santoni Luca , Solomon Adam R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We study the near-zone symmetries of a massless scalar field on four-dimensional black hole backgrounds. We provide a geometric understanding that unifies various recently discovered symmetries as part of an SO(4, 2) group. Of these, a subset are exact symmetries of the static sector and give rise to the ladder symmetries responsible for the vanishing of Love numbers. In the Kerr case, we compare different near-zone approximations in the literature, and focus on the implementation that retains the symmetries of the static limit. We also describe the relation to spin-1 and 2 perturbations.
Predicting success of intrauterine insemination using a clinically based scoring system
Authors: Zippl Anna Lena , Wachter Alfons , Rockenschaub Patrick , Toth Bettina , Seeber Beata 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To develop a predictive score for the success of intrauterine insemination (IUI) based on clinical parameters.

Methods
We performed a retrospective cohort study evaluating the homologous IUI cycles performed at a single university-based reproductive medical center between 2009 and 2017. The primary outcome measure was pregnancy, defined as positive serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) 12–14 days after IUI. Predictive factors for pregnancy after IUI were identified, and a predictive score was developed using a multivariable continuation ratio model.

Results
Overall, 1437 IUI cycles in 758 couples were evaluated. We found a per cycle pregnancy rate of 10.9% and a cumulative pregnancy rate of 19.4%. In a multivariable analysis, the probability of pregnancy was negatively associated with female age ≥ 35 years (OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.41–0.97, p = 0.034), endometriosis, unilateral tubal factor, or anatomical alteration (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.33–0.89, p = 0.016), anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) < 1 ng/ml (OR 0.50, 95% CI 0.29–0.87, p = 0.014), and total progressive motile sperm count (TPMSC) < 5 mil (OR 0.47, 95% CI 0.19–0.72, p = 0.004). We developed a predictive clinical score ranging from 0 to 5. Following 3 cycles, couples in our cohort with a score of 5 had a cumulative probability of achieving pregnancy of nearly 45%. In contrast, couples with a score of 0 had a cumulative probability of only 5%.

Conclusion
IUI success rates vary widely depending on couples’ characteristics. A simple to use score could be used to estimate a couple’s chance of achieving pregnancy via IUI, facilitating individualized counseling and decision-making.
Minerals limit the deep soil respiration response to warming in a tropical Andisol
Authors: McGrath Casey R. , Hicks Pries Caitlin E. , Nguyen Nhu , Glazer Brian , Lio Stanley , Crow Susan E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTropical regions hold one third of the world’s soil organic carbon, but few experiments have warmed tropical soils in situ. The vulnerability of these soils to climate change-induced losses is uncertain with many hypothesizing these soils would be less sensitive to climate change because already-high temperatures in tropical systems might limit microbial sensitivity or due to increased mineral protection of organic carbon in highly weathered tropical soils. Here we present the results of a deep soil (0–100 cm) warming experiment in a tropical Andisol. Andisols can store large, persistent pools of soil carbon that are protected from decomposition by poorly and non-crystalline minerals (PNCM). In 20 cm depth intervals, we measured key soil properties including carbon, nitrogen, pH, PNCM, bacterial and fungal richness along with temperature, moisture, and CO2 production. Over a year of soil warming, CO2 production significantly increased by 50–300% per degree of warming, but only in the top 40 cm of the soil profile in contrast to the results of other deep soil warming experiments. Multimodal analysis supported our hypothesis that high concentrations of PNCM was the primary driver of the lack of CO2 response, followed by high relative soil moisture and low bacterial richness, which may be a proxy for organic carbon availability. The lack of elevated CO2 production in response to warming suggests a limited positive feedback to climate change in Andisols driven by their strong mineral protection of organic matter. Therefore, Andisols should be considered high priority restoration or protection areas when considering the management of soil carbon stocks as part of climate action.
Clinical Ethics Consultation in Chronic Illness: Challenging Epistemic Injustice Through Epistemic Modesty
Authors: Weidmann-Hügle Tatjana , Monteverde Settimio 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLeading paradigms of clinical ethics consultation closely follow a biomedical model of care. In this paper, we present a theoretical reflection on the underlying biomedical model of disease, how it shaped clinical practices and patterns of ethical deliberation within these practices, and the repercussions it has on clinical ethics consultations for patients with chronic illness. We contend that this model, despite its important contribution to capturing the ethical issues of day-to-day clinical ethics deliberation, might not be sufficient for patients presenting with chronic illnesses and navigating as “lay experts” of their medical condition(s) through the health care system. Not fully considering the sources of personal knowledge and expertise may lead to epistemic injustice within an ethical deliberation logic narrowly relying on a biomedical model of disease. In caring “for” and collaboratively “with” this patient population, we answer the threat of epistemic injustice with epistemic modesty and humility. We will propose ideas about how clinical ethics could contribute to an expansion of the biomedical model of care, so that important aspects of chronic illness experience would flow into clinical-ethical decision-making.