bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variability of Marine Methane Bubble Emissions on the Clayoquot Slope, Offshore Vancouver Island, Between 2017 and 2021
Authors: Marcon Yann , Römer Miriam , Scherwath Martin , Riedel Michael , Dølven Knut Ola , Heesemann Martin 
Published: March 2022

Seabed methane gas emissions occur worldwide at cold seeps located along most continental margins. Fluxes of methane gas released from the seabed in the form of bubbles can be extremely variable even over short time intervals. Some factors controlling the variability are still poorly understood. Here, we report on the results of continuous long-term sonar monitoring of bubble emissions at a depth of 1,260 m on the Clayoquot Slope, northern Cascadia margin. With a total monitoring duration of 4 years and a sampling period of 1 h, this is by far the longest high temporal resolution monitoring of seabed methane gas release ever conducted. Our results provide evidence that the diurnal and semi-diurnal tides influence the timing of the onset and cessation of bubble emissions. However, gas emissions within the monitoring area are active more than 84% of the time, indicating that tides alone are not sufficient to make venting pause. We hypothesize that the gas fluxes are transient but generally sufficiently high to maintain ebullition independently of the tidally-induced bottom pressure variations. Results also show that the tides do not seem to modulate the vigor of active gas emissions.
The Changes of Irisin and Inflammatory Cytokines in the Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Retinal Vein Occlusion
Authors: Li Xiaochun , Cao Xiaoguang , Zhao Mingwei , Bao Yongzhen 
Published: March 2022

PurposeAge-related macular degeneration (AMD) and retinal vein occlusion (RVO) are irreversible chorioretinal diseases, which might induce severe damage in visual function. The metabolic factor and inflammatory factors might play important roles in the pathogenesis of AMD and RVO. The levels of irisin and 14 cytokines were analyzed in aqueous humor of AMD and RVO eyes to evaluate the roles of irisin and inflammatory factors.MethodsWe collected aqueous humor samples from patients with AMD (n = 27), RVO (n = 30), and cataract (as control, n = 23) eyes. Samples were assayed using ELISA kit for irisin and a multiplex immunoassay kit for 14 cytokines. The macular thickness (MT) was measured with OCT in all included eyes.ResultsMT in the RVO group is significantly higher than that in the AMD or control group. Irisin levels in the aqueous samples of AMD and RVO eyes were both significantly lower than that in the control. Furthermore, a positive correlation was found between irisin and MT in the RVO. Compared with the controls, AMD eyes had significantly higher levels of BDNF, VEGF-A, VEGF-R1, VEGF-R2, IL-10, TNF-α, VCAM-1, IP-10, and MCP-1. Similarly, RVO eyes had significantly higher levels of BDNF, VEGF-A, VEGF-R1, VEGF-R2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, IP-10, and MCP-1. However, there was no significant difference between the levels of PDGF-BB or TNF-β in these three groups. A negative correlation was found between VEGF-A and MT in AMD, as well as in control. Furthermore, a positive correlation was found between IL-6 and MT in the 80 included eyes, as well as in RVO. A positive correlation was found between ICAM-1 and MT in the 80 included eyes, as well as in RVO.ConclusionsThe metabolic factor, irisin levels in the aqueous humor are decreased in AMD and RVO eyes and show a positive correlation between irisin and MT in RVO eyes, prompting researchers to explore the relationship between irisin and macular edema. We also identified the higher expression of vascular growth factors (VEGF-A, VEGF-R1, and PDGF-BB), inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-α), and chemokines (ICAM-1, VCAM-1, IP-10, and MCP-1) in AMD and RVO eyes.
A Novel Energy Absorption-Based Protection Scheme for Surge Transients in Large-Scale Wind Farm System
Authors: Chen Chen , Gao Jiuguo , Chu Penghao 
Published: March 2022

Onshore wind farms are usually connected to the power grid by 35 kV transmission lines. Due to the high altitude of the wind turbines and their associated long transmission corridors, lightning activities are more frequent for onshore wind farms compared to the power plant in plain areas. In addition, the insulation levels of 10–35 kV distribution lines are generally low. All these facts make proper lightning strike protection a technical challenge for onshore wind farms. Taking a typical onshore wind farm as the testing object, the structure of the 35 kV distribution line connected to this wind farm is modeled by EMTP software in this paper. The leakage current and absorbed energy of the arrester at the head tower when lightning currents of different amplitudes inject into the overhead line are studied. By calculating the energy accumulated in the arrester within 100 µs, the causes of the lightning trip and damage to the arrester of the distribution line, i.e., the energy accumulation mechanism, are clarified. Eventually, the lightning protection updating scheme for this distribution line is proposed: a combination of refitting the porcelain cross arm at the head and end of the tower and filling the grounding body of the tower with a drag-reduction agent, which shows that the lightning resistance level of the distribution can be improved by 50 times in maximum.
Systematic Review of Digital Interventions for Adolescent and Young Adult Women's Body Image
Authors: Mahon Ciara , Seekis Veya 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundA growing number of digital interventions have been developed to address a range of mental health issues including body image. Identifying effective interventions for body image is important given the prevalence of body image concerns and their associated negative outcomes among young women. This review aimed to critically evaluate current evidence on the use of digital interventions for adolescent and young adult women's body image.MethodsA literature search was performed in November 2021 across three databases, PsychINFO, Web of Science and Pubmed to identify studies published with keywords and synonyms of “body image” and “digital interventions” that have been conducted with girls/women aged 10–25 years. Studies were included if they assessed a universal body image intervention delivered through a digital platform (e.g., web-based, mobile phone) and if they reported body image outcomes using validated measures. Two authors independently screened studies extracted data and assessed the quality of studies.ResultsEight of 15 interventions were effective in improving at least one body image outcome from pre-post intervention; however, effect sizes were mostly small-medium, and few effects were maintained at follow-up. Studies were heterogeneous in terms of delivery format, duration, sample characteristics, quality, and outcomes.DiscussionFindings suggest that digitally delivered interventions can effectively improve some body image outcomes in young women. Characteristics of effective studies are discussed and suggestions for future work on intervention development in this field are provided.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021281435, identifier CRD42021281435.
Osteoarticular Involvement-Associated Biomarkers and Pathways in Psoriasis: The Shared Pathway With Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: Zhang Yu-Ping , Wang Xing , Jie Li-Gang , Qu Yuan , Zhu Xiao-Tong , Wu Jing , Yu Qing-Hong 
Published: March 2022

Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a unique immune-mediated disease with cutaneous and osteoarticular involvement. However, only a few studies have explored the susceptibility of osteoarticular involvement in psoriasis (Ps) at the genetic level. This study investigated the biomarkers associated with osteoarticular participation and potential shared molecular mechanisms for PsA and ankylosing spondylitis (AS).MethodsThe RNA-seq data of Ps, PsA, and AS in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were obtained. First, we used the limma package and the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to identify the potential genes related to PsA and AS. Then, the shared genes in PsA and AS were performed using the GO, KEGG, and GSEA analyses. We also used machine learning to screen hub genes. The results were validated using external datasets and native cohorts. Finally, we used the CIBERSORT algorithm to estimate the correlation between hub genes and the abundance of immune cells in tissues.ResultsAn overlap was observed between the PsA and AS-related modules as 9 genes. For differentially expressed genes in AS and PsA, only one overlapping gene was found (COX7B). Gene enrichment analysis showed that the above 9 genes might be related to the mRNA surveillance pathway. The GSEA analyses showed that COX7B was involved in adaptive immune response, cell activation, etc. The PUM1 and ZFP91, identified from the support vector machine, had preferable values as diagnostic markers for osteoarticular involvement in Ps and AS (AUC &gt; 0.7). Finally, CIBERSORT results showed PUM1 and ZFP91 involvement in changes of the immune microenvironment.ConclusionFor the first time, this study showed that the osteoarticular involvement in psoriasis and AS could be mediated by the mRNA surveillance pathway-mediated abnormal immunologic process. The biological processes may represent the cross talk between PsA and AS. Therefore, PUM1 and ZFP91 could be used as potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets for AS and Ps patients.
Serum IgE Levels Are Associated With the Prognosis of Minimal Change Disease
Authors: Li Heng , Wang Lefeng , Li Xiayu , Chen Wenqing , Zhang Ying , Chen Jianghua 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundPrevious reports showed that some patients with minimal change disease (MCD) had high serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels. This study aimed to explore the proportion of MCD patients with high serum IgE levels and evaluate the correlation between serum IgE levels and MCD remission and relapse.MethodsThis study enrolled 222 new-onset patients with renal biopsy-confirmed MCD from October 2012 to October 2019 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University in Hangzhou, China. Patients’ demographics and clinical parameters were analyzed.ResultsThe results indicated that 70.3% of 222 MCD patients had high serum IgE levels (IgE &gt; 100.0 IU/mL). Moreover, 134 patients were treated with glucocorticoids alone and divided into the low- and high-IgE groups, according to the median serum IgE level (523.5 IU/mL). The mean time to complete remission of the low- and high-IgE groups was 29.0 ± 2.2 and 45.7 ± 4.2 days, respectively (log-rank test; P = 0.002). The mean time to total remission was 19.1 ± 1.4 and 31.6 ± 3.2 days of the low- and high-IgE groups, respectively (log-rank test; P &lt; 0.001). The mean time to first relapse in the low- and high-IgE groups was 701.2 ± 65.0 and 425.0 ± 52.6 days, respectively (log-rank test; P = 0.002). Serum IgE ≥ 523.5 IU/mL was an independent correlation factor affecting the patients’ remission and relapse.ConclusionSerum IgE level was an independent correlation factor for MCD remission and relapse. MCD patients with high serum IgE levels were prone to delayed remissions and early relapses.
Association Between Living Risk and Healthy Life Years Lost Due to Multimorbidity: Observations From the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study
Authors: Miao Xinlei , Chen Jun , Meng Wen , Wu Qiong , Wu Zhiyuan , Ren Lin , Cai Yue , Guo Xiuhua , Zhang Xiang , Meng Qun 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundMultimorbidity has an effect on life expectancy, while its effect on healthy life years is unclear. This study aims to investigate the associations between healthy life years lost due to multimorbidity and living risk.MethodsThe participants of The China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) were assessed at four visits between 2011 (baseline) and 2018. At baseline, 13,949 individuals were administered surveys. A combined score based on seven health-related factors was calculated, and the participants were classified into 3 groups based on living risk. We used the adjusted Cox regression methods to examine the associations between living risk groups and multimorbidity. We estimated the healthy life years lost due to multimorbidity using the Sullivan method.ResultsA total of 9,091 adults aged 45 years or older (mean age of 59.55 ± 9.50 years with one disease, 52.60% women) were analyzed in the CHARLS. The probability of no multimorbidity over 7 years decreased from 0.9947 to 0.9697 in the low-risk group, whereas the probability of multimorbidity in low living risk was lower than that of high living risk, ranging from HR 1.253 (95% CI.992–1.581; P = 0.058) to 1.431 (1.05–1.949; P = 0.023) in sex, and ranging from HR 1.340 (95% CI 1.106–1.623; P = 0.003) to 2.002 (1.058–3.787; P = 0.033) in area. At 45 years, the healthy life years lost in men was &lt;0.27 years compared to women in the low-risk group. Hypertension increased the risk of multimorbidity with an HR of 1.5 (95% CI 1.21–1.91; P &lt; 0.001) in men. In urban areas, participants with diabetes had 3.2 times (95% CI 1.75–5.94, P &lt; 0.001) higher risk of multimorbidity than participants without diabetes.ConclusionsThese findings indicate that a low-risk lifestyle could decrease the loss of healthy life years under multimorbidity. The probability of multimorbidity in women and in urban areas was high. Hypertension was correlated with the hazard risk of multimorbidity.
IL-4/IL-13 Axis in Allergic Rhinitis: Elevated Serum Cytokines Levels and Inverse Association With Tight Junction Molecules Expression
Authors: Nur Husna Siti Muhamad , Md Shukri Norasnieda , Tuan Sharif Sharifah Emilia , Tan Hern Tze Tina , Mohd Ashari Noor Suryani , Wong Kah Keng 
Published: March 2022

The IL-4/IL-13 axis is involved in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis (AR). In this study, we investigated the serum cytokines levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-13 in AR patients, and the transcript expression levels of their receptors (i.e. IL4R, IL5RA, IL6R, and IL13RA1) in nasal epithelial cells of AR patients versus non-allergic controls. Nasal epithelial cells and blood samples of non-allergic controls (n = 30) and AR patients (n = 30) were collected to examine mRNA expression and serum cytokines levels, respectively. Bioinformatics analyses of IL-4/IL-13 receptor heterodimer association with tight junction (TJ) and JAK/STAT signaling genes were conducted in a gene expression profiling (GEP) dataset (GSE44037) of AR patients (n = 12) and healthy controls (n = 6). Serum IL-4, IL-5, IL-6 or IL-13 levels, and IL13RA1 transcript expression were significantly higher in AR patients compared with non-allergic controls. IL-4 and IL-13 serum levels were positively correlated with IL13RA1 expression in AR patients but not in non-allergic controls. In the GEP dataset (GSE44037), six TJ (CLDN4, CLDN7, CLDN12, CLDN15, TJP1, and TJP2) genes’ expressions were negatively correlated, respectively, with IL-4Rα/IL-13Rα1 heterodimeric receptor expression in AR patients and not in control samples. These six TJ genes contributed to the significant enrichment of tight junction Gene Ontology (GO ID: 0070160). Lastly, STATs DNA binding motif analysis showed that each of these TJ genes contains STATs binding consensus sequence within intronic and intergenic regions. Our results suggest that increased IL-4/IL-13 serum cytokines levels may contribute to decreased TJs expression via IL-4Rα/IL-13Rα1 heterodimeric receptor in nasal epithelium of AR patients.
High-Coverage Serum Metabolomics Reveals Metabolic Pathway Dysregulation in Diabetic Retinopathy: A Propensity Score-Matched Study
Authors: Guo Chengnan , Jiang Depeng , Xu Yixi , Peng Fang , Zhao Shuzhen , Li Huihui , Jin Dongzhen , Xu Xin , Xia Zhezheng , Che Mingzhu , Lai Mengyuan , Huang Ruogu , Wang Hui , Zheng Chao , Mao Guangyun 
Published: March 2022

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major diabetes-related disease linked to metabolism. However, the cognition of metabolic pathway alterations in DR remains scarce. We aimed to corroborate alterations of metabolic pathways identified in prior studies and investigate novel metabolic dysregulations that may lead to new prevention and treatment strategies for DR.Methods: In this case-control study, we tested 613 serum metabolites in 69 pairs of type 2 diabetic patients (T2DM) with DR and propensity score-matched T2DM without DR via ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry system. Metabolic pathway dysregulation in DR was thoroughly investigated by metabolic pathway analysis, chemical similarity enrichment analysis (ChemRICH), and integrated pathway analysis. The associations of ChemRICH-screened key metabolites with DR were further estimated with restricted cubic spline analyses.Results: A total of 89 differentially expressed metabolites were identified by paired univariate analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis. We corroborated biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, glutamate and cysteine-related pathways, and nucleotide-related pathways were significantly perturbed in DR, which were identified in prior studies. We also found some novel metabolic alterations associated with DR, including the disturbance of thiamine metabolism and tryptophan metabolism, decreased trehalose, and increased choline and indole derivatives in DR.Conclusions: The results suggest that the metabolism disorder in DR can be better understood through integrating multiple biological knowledge databases. The progression of DR is associated with the disturbance of thiamine metabolism and tryptophan metabolism, decreased trehalose, and increased choline and indole derivatives.
Development and Content Validity of the Bilateral Vestibulopathy Questionnaire
Authors: van Stiphout Lisa , Hossein Israt , Kimman Merel , Whitney Susan L. , Ayiotis Andrianna , Strupp Michael , Guinand Nils , Pérez Fornos Angélica , Widdershoven Josine , Ramos-Macías Ángel , Van Rompaey Vincent , van de Berg Raymond 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundTo date, the burden and severity of the full spectrum of bilateral vestibulopathy (BVP) symptoms has not yet been measured in a standardized manner. Since therapeutic interventions aiming to improve BVP symptoms are emerging, the need for a new standardized assessment tool that encompasses the specific aspects of BVP arises. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a multi-item Patient Reported Outcome Measure (PROM) that captures the clinically important symptoms of BVP and assesses its impact on daily life.MethodsThe development of the Bilateral Vestibulopathy Questionnaire (BVQ) consisted of two phases: (I) initial item generation and (II) face and content validity testing. Items were derived from a literature review and individual semi-structured interviews focusing on the full spectrum of reported BVP symptoms (I). Subsequently (IIa), individual patient interviews were conducted using “thinking aloud” and concurrent verbal probing techniques to assess the comprehensibility of the instructions, questions and response options, and the relevance, missing domains, or missing items. Interviews continued until saturation of input was reached. Finally, international experts with experience in the field of the physical, emotional, and cognitive symptoms of BVP participated in an online focus group to assess the relevance and comprehensiveness of the BVQ (IIb).ResultsThe BVQ consisted of two sections. The first section included 50 items scored on a six-point Likert scale arranged into seven constructs (i.e., imbalance, oscillopsia, other physical symptoms, cognitive symptoms, emotional symptoms, limitations and behavioral changes and social life). The second section consisted of four items, scored on a visual analog scale from 0 to 100, to inquire about limitations in daily life, perceived health and expectations regarding future recovery. Interviews with BVP patients [n= 8, 50% female, mean age 56 years (range 24–88 years)] and the expert meeting confirmed face and content validity of the developed BVQ.ConclusionThe BVQ, which was developed to assess the spectrum of BVP symptoms and its impact on daily life, proved to have good face and content validity. It can be used to characterize current self-reported symptoms and disability and to evaluate symptom burden before and after therapeutic interventions in future research and clinical practice.
Neuroplasticity in Motor Learning Under Variable and Constant Practice Conditions—Protocol of Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Czyż Stanisław H. , Marusiak Jarosław , Klobušiaková Patrícia , Sajdlová Zuzana , Rektorová Irena 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundThere is numerous literature on mechanisms underlying variability of practice advantages. Literature includes both behavioral and neuroimaging studies. Unfortunately, no studies are focusing on practice in constant conditions to the best of our knowledge. Hence it is essential to assess possible differences in mechanisms of neuroplasticity between constant vs. variable practice conditions. The primary objectives of the study described in this protocol will be: (1) to determine the brain’s structural and functional changes following constant and variable practice conditions in motor learning (structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging, MRI); (2) to determine the EEG activation and connectivity between cognitive, sensory, and motor cerebral cortex areas (central, temporal, parietal, occipital) in constant and variable practice conditions and as a function of practice time.MethodsThe study will follow the interventional (experimental) design with two arms (parallel groups). Fifty participants will be randomly assigned to two groups practicing in constant (CG) and variable conditions (VG). CG will be practicing only one pattern of step isometric contractions during unimanual index finger abduction, i.e., 90 trials in all training sessions, whereas VG will practice three different patterns. Each will be practiced 30 times per session in variable conditions. Resting-state fMRI, EEG (cortical networking), and motor task proficiency will be examined before (pre-) and after practice (post- and retentions tests).DiscussionFindings will enhance our understanding of structural and functional neural changes following practice in constant and variable conditions. Therefore, the study can be considered pure (basic) research (clinical research in healthy individuals).Clinical Trial RegistrationStudy registered at clinicaltrials.gov (ID# NCT04921072) on 9 June 2021. Last version update: 21 December 2021.The protocol has been prepared according to the complete SPIRIT checklist (http://www.spirit-statement.org/), although the item order has been modified in order to comply with the manuscript structure.