bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Profiles of circulating fatty acids are population-specific and linked to prostate cancer
Authors: Minas Tsion , Jenkins Brittany , Zhang Amy , Candia Julián , Dorsey Tiffany , Baker Francine , Tang Wei , Bailey-Whyte Maeve , Smith Cheryl , Obadi Obadi , Ajao Anuoluwapo , Jordan Symone , Tettey Yao , Biritwum Richard , Adjei Andrew , Mensah James , Hoover Robert , Hsing Ann , Liu Jia , Loffredo Christopher , Yates Clayton , Cook Michael , Ambs Stefan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
High fatty acid intake is thought to increase cancer risk. This relationship remains poorly explored in African-descent populations. We examined 24 circulating fatty acids in 2,934 men, including 1,431 prostate cancer cases and 1,503 population controls from Ghana and African Americans and European Americans from the United States, using CLIA-certified mass spectrometry-based assays. We investigated associations with prostate cancer, lifestyle factors, and the fatty acid desaturase (FADS) genetic locus. Levels of circulating fatty acid varied robustly between the three population groups, particularly trans, omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids. Yet, trans fatty acids, namely elaidic, palmitelaidic, and linoelaidic acids, whose levels were higher in populations from the United States compared to Ghanaian men, were associated with increased odds of prostate cancer among all men. FADS1/2 germline genetic variants and lifestyle explained some of the variation in fatty acid levels, with the FADS1/2 locus showing population-specific associations, suggesting differences in genetic control.
Behavioural and Neural Correlates of Social Pressure during Decision-Making of Precision Reaches
Authors: Cos Ignasi , Deco Gustavo , Gilson Matthieu 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Although reward exerts a crucial influence on human behaviour, internal processes are equally as important to purposely analyse and integrate sensory information into behavioural drives. Extensive research has identified pre-frontal cortical areas as the central brain subsystem processing reward, and pre-motor and motor cortices the mergers of that influence onto action planning and control. However, few studies have analyzed the brain distribution of contextual variables, such as social pressure, and their influence on internal processes and on behavior. To this end, here we designed a decision-making task between precision reachings, in which we varied a context of social pressure, and assessed its influence on our participants’ kinematics, pupil diameter and electro-encephalography. Our results show that social pressure exerts a non-trivial bias on the participants’ behaviour, influencing reaching precision, movement parameters and decision-making policies. Furthermore, these modulations co-varied consistently with pupil diameter and the activation of specific cortical sources, portraying a distributed brain network for social pressure that includes prefrontal, motor and occipital cortical areas. Overall, this is consistent with a broad physiological process, transforming an implicit variable, such as social pressure, onto an internal bias that energises and influences decision-making in a principled fashion, complementary to explicit reward.
Do income shocks play a determining role in children's schooling in the presence of credit market imperfection in Cameroon?
Authors: MBEBI Olivier EWONDO , Nzepang Fabrice , EBOUE Roméal 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This paper examines the determinants of children's schooling under imperfect credit market conditions in Cameroon, with a particular focus on the role of monetary and non-monetary shocks. Households that are more vulnerable to shocks have a greater incentive to build up a buffer stock to protect themselves against unforeseen negative shocks, and keeping children out of school may be part of such a strategy. The study uses microeconomic data from the fourth Cameroonian Household Survey (ECAM IV) conducted in 2014 by the National Institute of Statistics (INS) and an instrumental variable Probit model to demonstrate its point. The results show that uncertainty about household income as measured by transitory income and declining household income decrease the probability of children attending school in Cameroon. The same is true for increasing household size. Nevertheless, access to the credit market is a factor of household resilience to shocks.Classification JEL: E24, I21, I31, O15.
DeepBindPPI: Epitope-Paratope Prediction Using Attention Based Graph Convolutional Network
Authors: Sunny Sharon , Prakash Pebbeti Bhanu , G Gopakumar , B Jayaraj P 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Due to the importance of antigen-antibody interactions in defence mechanism of living body, reasoned attempts were made to investigate its attributes, including, but not limited to, binding affinity, and binding region. Contemporary strategies for binding site prediction largely resort to deep learning techniques but turned out to be low precision models. As laboratory experiments for drug discovery tasks utilize this informaiton, increased false positives devalue the computational methods. This emphasize the need to develop enhanced strategies. DeepBindPPI employs deep learning technique to predict the binding regions of proteins, particularly antigen-antibody interaction sites. The results obtained are applied in a docking environment to confirm their correctness. An integration of graph convolutional network with attention mechanism predicts interacting amino acids with improved precision. The model learns the determining factors in interaction from a general pool of proteins and is then fine-tuned using antigen-antibody data. Comparison of the proposed method with existing techniques shows that the developed model has comparable performance. DeepBindPPI improved the precision for epitope prediction from 0.216 to 0.315 and paratope prediction from 0.48 to 0.60. An attempt to utilize the interface information for docking using the HDOCK server gives promising results, with high-quality structures appearing in the top10 ranks. The application of self-supervision may contribute to the improvement of the deep learning model's performance.
A multimodal deep learning model to infer cell-type-specific functional gene networks
Authors: Afshar Shiva , Braun Patricia R. , Han Shizhong , Lin Ying 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Functional gene networks (FGNs) capture functional relationships among genes that vary across tissues and cell types. Construction of cell-type-specific FGNs enables the understanding of cell-type-specific functional gene relationships and insights into genetic mechanisms of human diseases in disease-relevant cell types. However, most existing FGNs were developed without consideration of specific cell types within tissues.
Results
In this study, we created a multimodal deep learning model (MDLCN) to predict cell-type-specific FGNs in the human brain by integrating single-nuclei gene expression data with global protein interaction networks. We systematically evaluated the prediction performance of the MDLCN and showed its superior performance compared to two baseline models (boosting tree and convolutional neural network). Based on the predicted cell-type-specific FGNs, we observed that cell-type marker genes had a higher level of hubness than non-marker genes in their corresponding cell type. Furthermore, we showed that risk genes underlying autism and Alzheimer’s disease were more strongly connected in disease-relevant cell types, supporting the cellular context of predicted cell-type-specific FGNs.
Conclusions
Our study shows a powerful deep learning approach that can be used to predict FGNs underlying a diverse set of cell types.
Impact of Daily Low-Dose Tadalafil in Patients With Acute Peyronie's Disease: A Retrospective Comparative Analysis of Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Napolitano Luigi , Spirito Lorenzo , Manfredi Celeste , Rocca Roberto La , Girolamo Antonio Di , Capece Marco , trama francesco , Sciorio Carmine , Sokolakis Ioannis , Creta Massimiliano , Arcaniolo Davide 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes of patients in acute phase of Peyronie’s disease (PD) treated with daily low-dose of Tadalafil. An observational retrospective study involving patients in acute phase of PD with erectile dysfunction (ED) was designed. All subjects were offered Tadalafil 5 mg one tablet a day. Men who accepted treatment were compared to patients who refused Tadalafil. Penile curvature progression was chosen as the primary outcome. PD Questionnaire (PDQ) and IIEF-5 scores were selected as secondary outcomes. A total of 191 patients were included in the study (108 intervention vs. 83 control). Penile curvature progression rate was significantly lower in subjects taking Tadalafil at 12 weeks (25.9% vs 39.7%, p = 0.042). Mean IIEF-5 score improved in the intervention group, becoming significantly higher compared to the observation group at 12 weeks (19.3 vs. 11.2 points, p < 0.001). Mean PDQ-Overall and PDQ-Penile Pain scores improved in the intervention group and the statistically significant differences at baseline between groups became not statistically significant at 12 weeks (p = 0.232 and p = 0.078, respectively). Daily low-dose Tadalafil in patients with acute phase of PD seems to significantly reduce the penile curvature progression rate compared to observation, especially when it is administrated early. It also appears to improve erectile function and PD-related symptoms.
Promoting The Maneuverability and Fault-tolerance Capabilities of Dual-system VTOL UAVs
Authors: Salem Wessam , Mohamady Osama , Draz Mohannad , El-bayoumi Gamal 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This paper proposes a new architecture for the flight control system of dual-system vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Having two separate systems for vertical and horizontal thrust in addition to the conventional control surfaces makes it the simplest VTOL UAV configuration, however, less employment of its controls redundancy is a drawback and a waste of its inherent capabilities. The main contribution of the designed control system is to employ the control's redundancy to enhance the airplane's maneuverability and to achieve fault-tolerance via the control allocation technique, thus benefiting from the vertical rotors during all the flight phases rather than having them as dead weights during the majority of the flight. The designed control system performs full flight missions including VTOL, transitions, cruise, and loiter in fault and fault-free cases with allowable commands for all the healthy controls according to their effectiveness, following the desired trajectory while minimizing the energy consumption and aerodynamic drag as well. A severe fault scenario is presented that includes sudden jamming of all the control surfaces where the control system successfully completed the intended mission as in the fault-free case. The proposed control system proved to enhance the maneuverability by achieving a 38% reduction in the coordinated steady-level turn radius at a given flight speed compared to the minimum turn radius achieved using the control surfaces only. The results reveal the dual-system configuration's safety and reliability features, recommending it as a first choice in VTOL UAVs applications.
A comparative study of corneal thickness measurements with the RTVue, Casia-2, and Pentacam devices in patients with mild to moderate keratoconus
Authors: Sun Bingqing , Zhang Xiaoyu , Sun Ling , Huang Yangyi , Tian Mi , Shen Yang , Ding Lan , Zhou Xingtao 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
PurposeTo explore the characteristics of the RTVue, Casia-2, and Pentacam instruments for measuring the corneal thickness in patients with mild to moderate keratoconus.MethodsWe recruited patients diagnosed with mild to moderate keratoconus at our hospital from January to March 2022; 46 eyes (46 patients) were enrolled (35 men [76.09%], 30 right eyes [65.22%], mean age 24.3 ± 6.2 years). Central corneal thickness (CCT) and thinnest corneal thickness (TCT) were measured using two optical coherence tomography (OCT) instruments (RTVue and Casia-2) and the more conventional Pentacam. Then, differences and correlations between the CCTs and TCTs based on the device and factors influencing those differences were explored.ResultsThe CCTs were 488.9 ± 41.44 µm, 488.7 ± 42.52 µm, and 489.3 ± 44.17 µm for the RTVue, Casia-2, and Pentacam, respectively. The TCT results were 465.5 ± 39.78 µm, 466.5 ± 39.39 µm, and 480.5 ± 41.27 µm for the RTVue, Casia-2, and Pentacam, respectively. The CCTs were highly consistent among the groups and correlated with one another. The TCTs measured by the RTVue and Casia-2 were thinner than the Pentacam, but all three devices were highly correlated. The RTVue and Casia-2 thinnest point location measurements significantly differed from the Pentacam (p < 0.001). Bland-Altman plots demonstrated a significant agreement between the three instruments (p < 0.001); the 95% limits of agreement were − 16.19 µm to + 17.32 µm for Pentacam and RTVue and − 15.78 µm to + 15.47 µm forPentacam and Casia-2. Multivariate analysis identified that the TCT measurement difference between the RTVue and Pentacam were related to the difference between the CCT and TCT (b = 0.532, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.04 to 1.024, p < 0.001), whereas the difference between the Casia-2 and Pentacam were related to the anterior radius for curvature (A) grade (b = 3.9, 95% CI: 1.753 to 6.074, p = 0.001), corneal pachymetry at the thinnest (C) grade (b = − 7.875, 95% CI: − 11.404 to − 4.346, p < 0.001), and the difference between the CCT and TCT (b = 0.425, 95% CI: 0.1 to 0.751, t = 0.012).ConclusionsThe CCTs in patients with mild to moderate keratoconus were similar among all three devices, but the TCTs and thinnest point locations were not. Furthermore, the TCT measurement differences between the OCT instruments and the Pentacam were more pronounced in keratoconus cases with a steeper anterior surface, thicker TCTs, and a larger difference between the CCT and TCT.Trial registrationRegistration number: 2021118-1. Retrospectively registered: 01 September 2021.
Microstructure-based high-Q terahertz metamaterial bio-detection sensor
Authors: Qu Zeng , Kang Jinfeng , Li Wei , Yao Boyi , Deng Hao , Wei Yiqing , Li Xiaohong , Duan Junping , Zhang Binzhen 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
At present, the sensitivity, accuracy, and stability of terahertz band bio-detection sensors still need to be improved. To meet that demand, a terahertz metamaterial bio-detection sensor was designed and fabricated by introducing a quadruple rotational symmetric microstructure, which can generate strong electromagnetic resonance. The sensor interacts with the incident terahertz wave to generate a magnetic dipole resonance, forming a resonant peak with 98.9% absorption at the resonant frequency of 0.4696 THz. When the refractive index of the analyte increased from 1.0 to 2.0, the resonance peak of the sensor obvious red-shifted, and the absorption of the resonance peak almost exceed 99%. Meanwhile, the sensitivity of the sensor can reach 78.6 GHz/RIU (Refractive index unit, RIU), Q (Quality factor, Q) is up to 55.3, and FOM (Figure of merit, FOM) is up to 9.81. In addition, the quadruple rotation structure unit makes the sensor insensitive to wide incidence angles and polarization. The designed sensor has excellent resonance characteristics and can realize the detection and identification of biomolecules with different refractive indices. It also provides new ideas for the design of terahertz band bio-detection sensors and has important applications in medical diagnosis and real-time monitoring.
Oral Health Perceptions and Practices of Caregivers at Children’s Madrasas and Foster Care Centers: A Qualitative Exploratory Study in Lahore, Pakistan
Authors: Saleem Javeria , Ishaq Muhammad , Butt Muhammad Salman , Zakar Rubeena , Malik Ushna , Iqbal Maida , Fischer Florian 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground:Oral diseases are one of the major public health problems worldwide which are affecting the population of all age groups. This qualitative study aimed to explore the perceptions and practices of caregivers at the care centers managing children’s oral health.Methods:A qualitative ethnomethodological approach was used to collect data from the caregivers at the child healthcare centers. A convenience sampling technique was used to conduct focus group discussions comprised of 4-7 caregivers from five foster care centers located in Lahore, Pakistan. An inductive-deductive approach was used to generate data by using a semi-structured interview guide. A three steps thematic analysis was applied to develop codes that were merged to generate categories and to conclude into themes from the transcribed data.Results:Five focus group discussions were conducted at two foster care homes (FG1 & FG2) and three madrasas (FG3, FG4 & FG5). Foster care homes had children of both genders within the same premises, however, madrasas had segregated settings. Four themes emerged from the thematic analysis providing a thick description of foster caregivers to maintain the oral health of the children. Children induction policy outlines the foster care environment and caregivers' perceived oral health severity defines their hygienic practices A socially conducive oral health knowledge, and integrative medicinal approach to treat oral health issues were evaluated.Conclusions:This qualitative study provided a multidimensional assessment of foster caregivers to maintain children’s oral health. With stringent induction policies, the foster care centers had better control over the children to maintain healthy oral health practices. Fostercare givers perceived severity about oral health issues and type of fostercare center defines the hygienic and medicinal practices.
Historical and contemporary patterns of emotional expression in written texts
Authors: Wodarz Paulina F. , Harris Ian G. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Written texts reflect the emotional state of humans that create them. It is however not always obvious how to interpret the observed trends and patterns. Here we use statistical analysis to extract information about emotions, and focus on the valence-energy space to ask the questions: (1) Can we detect a temporal change in emotional characteristics of texts? (2) Are there measurable differences of these emotional characteristics among different groups of people? To determine trends in emotion through writing, a searchable online Corpus of Historical American English was used (400 million words from 1810–2000), as well as a collection of 180 contemporary posts grouped by gender, age, and occupation. Sentiment analysis tools were applied to measure levels of positivity/negativity and energy of writing. It was found that through written text, energetic words decreased in frequency and less energetic words increased, indicating a decrease of strong feelings and a rise of apathy in the texts over time. In the present day’s blog texts, three pairwise comparisons were performed: males vs females, older vs younger age-groups, and individuals with background in arts vs those with backgrounds in science. While no statistically significant difference in energy levels were detected, there was a clear separation in the valence of these groups, with females, younger people, and those with a background in the arts displaying the most negativity. Mathematical modeling was used to interpret the findings of the historical analysis. It was shown that a flattening of emotions, or a rise in apathy, may not necessarily be caused by a corresponding population trend, but could be a simple consequence of a bell-shape curve in emotion distribution and imitation dynamics governing the production of written texts.
Spinal curvature in female and male university students with prolonged bouts of sedentary behaviour
Authors: Cepková Alena , Zemková Erika , Šooš Ľubomír , Uvaček Marián , Muyor José M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: seated behaviour and a lack of physical activity among university students may cause changes to posture leading to health problems. We were interested whether between-gender differences in spinal curvature exist among university students with a predominantly sedentary lifestyle. Methods: a group of 20 female (age 20 ± 0.73 years) and 39 male (age 20 ± 1.08 years) university students with a predominantly sedentary lifestyle participated in the study. The thoracic and lumbar curvature was evaluated while standing and sitting using the Spinal Mouse. Results: showed that 10% of the female students and 30.77% of the male students had thoracic hyperkyphosis, while 10% of the female students and 2.56% of the male students suffered from lumbar hyperlordosis in the standing posture. In the sitting posture, 0% of the females and up to 30.77% of the males had mild thoracic hyperkyphosis, and 25.00% of the females and 23.90% of the males had mild lumbar hyperkyphosis. Conclusions: these findings indicate that differences between the sexes as regards to curvature of the spine exist. Prolonged sitting during university courses could contribute to their poor posture. It is therefore necessary to focus purposefully on compensation exercises that eliminate postural deviations in female and male young adults.
On the lack of women researchers in the Middle East &amp; North Africa
Authors: El-Ouahi Jamal , Larivière Vincent 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Recent gender policies in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region have improved legal equality for women with noticeable effects in some countries. The implications of these policies on science, however, is not well-understood. This study examines applies a bibliometric lens to describe the landscape of gender disparities in scientific research in MENA. Specifically, we examine 1.7 million papers indexed in the Web of Science published by 1.1 million authors from MENA between 2008 and 2020. We used bibliometric indicators to analyse potential disparities between men and women in the share of authors, research productivity, and seniority in authorship. The results show that gender parity is far from being achieved in MENA. Overall, men authors obtain higher representation, research productivity, and seniority. But some countries standout: Tunisia, Lebanon, Turkey, Algeria and Egypt have higher shares or women researchers compared to the rest of MENA countries. The UAE, Qatar, and Jordan have shown progress in terms of women participation in science, but Saudi Arabia lags behind. We find that women are more likely to stop publishing than men and that men publish on average between 11% and 51% more than women, with this gap increasing over time. Finally, men, on average, achieved senior positions in authorship faster than women. Our longitudinal study contributes to a better understanding of gender disparities in science in MENA which is catching up in terms of policy engagement and women representation. However, the results suggest that the effects of the policy changes have yet to materialize into distinct improvement in women’s participation and performance in science.