bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The error induced by using representative periods in capacity expansion models: system cost, total capacity mix and regional capacity mix
Authors: Reichenberg Lina , Hedenus Fredrik 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCapacity Expansion Models (CEMs) are optimization models used for long-term energy planning on national to continental scale. They are typically computationally demanding, thus in need of simplification, where one such simplification is to reduce the temporal representation. This paper investigates how using representative periods to reduce the temporal representation in CEMs distorts results compared to a benchmark model of a full chronological year. The test model is a generic CEM applied to Europe. We test the performance of reduced models at penetration levels of wind and solar of 90%. Three measures for accuracy are used: (i) system cost, (ii) total capacity mix and (iii) regional capacity. We find that: (i) the system cost is well represented (~ 5% deviation from benchmark) with as few as ten representative days, (ii) the capacity mix is in general fairly well (~ 20% deviation) represented with 50 or more representative days, and (iii) the regional capacity mix displays large deviations (> 50%) from benchmark for as many as 250 representative days. We conclude that modelers should be aware of the error margins when presenting results on these three aspects.
High Quality and Maximizing the Production of CNTs from the Pyrolysis of Waste Polypropylene
Authors: Eldahshory A. I. , Emara Karim , Abd-Elhady M. S. , Ismail M. A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThermal decomposition of plastics by pyrolysis into oil is a successful way of treating wastes. Nevertheless, the production of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) from wastes improves the feasibility of the waste management process. An experimental setup was developed to study the influence of different heating rates on the produced oil by pyrolysis of waste polypropylene (WPP), and the influence of using foamed nickel on the produced CNTs as a function of operating temperature and heating rate. Different heating rates of 5, 10, and 20 °C/min were examined, as well as the different carbon vapor deposition (CVD) temperatures of 600, 700, and 800 °C were studied. It has been found that increasing the heating rate from 5 to 20 °C/min increases the oil yield from 59.3 to 71%, but on the other hand it decreases the quality of the oil. It has been also found that increasing the heating rate decreases the quality of CNTs, i.e., uniform CNTs with small diameter and small wall thickness, and as well as the quantity. The physical properties of the produced CNTs have been improved by increasing the CVD temperature; however, the quantity of CNTs decreased. The highest yield of CNTs produced was 43.12% at the lowest CVD temperature and heating rate examined, i.e., 600 and 5 °C/min, respectively. The optimum heating rate and CVD temperature for the pyrolysis of waste polypropylene to achieve the highest quality of CNTs with moderate production of 39.34%, is the lowest heating rate examined, i.e., 5 °C/min, with a moderate CVD temperature of 700 °C.
Home language literacy practices: learning opportunities for primary EAL students
Authors: Turner Marianne , Keary Anne , Tour Ekaterina 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIt is well-established in both scholarship and policy documents that students’ home language practices can be leveraged as a key resource for their learning. However, it can be challenging for teachers to embed students’ language resources in class activities in ways that link to wider learning objectives. We report how the inclusion of home language literacy practices can both enhance English language learning and promote multiliteracies. Data are drawn from a design-based study on the incorporation of home languages in the teaching of English. In the article, we focus on the teaching and learning that occurred in the classroom of two English as an Additional Language (EAL) teachers. Data collected comprised lesson sequences, teacher reflection, student work samples and student reflection. It was found that teacher-initiated support for home language literacy practices led to positive student engagement. The support included giving an active role to bi/multilingual teaching assistants and Google Translate.
Beauty of the beast: anticholinergic tropane alkaloids in therapeutics
Authors: Shim Kyu Hwan , Kang Min Ju , Sharma Niti , An Seong Soo A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTropane alkaloids (TAs) are among the most valued chemical compounds known since pre-historic times. Poisonous plants from Solanaceae family (Hyoscyamus niger, Datura, Atropa belladonna,Scopolia lurida, Mandragora officinarum, Duboisia) and Erythroxylaceae (Erythroxylum coca) are rich sources of tropane alkaloids. These compounds possess the anticholinergic properties as they could block the neurotransmitter acetylcholine action in the central and peripheral nervous system by binding at either muscarinic and/or nicotinic receptors. Hence, they are of great clinical importance and are used as antiemetics, anesthetics, antispasmodics, bronchodilator and mydriatics. They also serve as the lead compounds to generate more effective drugs. Due to the important pharmacological action they are listed in the WHO list of essential medicines and are available in market with FDA approval. However, being anticholinergic in action, TA medication are under the suspicion of causing dementia and cognitive decline like other medications with anticholinergic action, interestingly which is incorrect. There are published reviews on chemistry, biosynthesis, pharmacology, safety concerns, biotechnological aspects of TAs but the detailed information on anticholinergic mechanism of action, clinical pharmacology, FDA approval and anticholinergic burden is lacking. Hence the present review tries to fill this lacuna by critically summarizing and discussing the above mentioned aspects.Graphical Abstract
Definite orthogonal modular forms: computations, excursions, and discoveries
Authors: Assaf Eran , Fretwell Dan , Ingalls Colin , Logan Adam , Secord Spencer , Voight John 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe consider spaces of modular forms attached to definite orthogonal groups of low even rank and nontrivial level, equipped with Hecke operators defined by Kneser neighbours. After reviewing algorithms to compute with these spaces, we investigate endoscopy using theta series and a theorem of Rallis. Along the way, we exhibit many examples and pose several conjectures. As a first application, we express counts of Kneser neighbours in terms of coefficients of classical or Siegel modular forms, complementing work of Chenevier–Lannes. As a second application, we prove new instances of Eisenstein congruences of Ramanujan and Kurokawa–Mizumoto type.
Less Maladaptiveness of the Maladaptive Coping Styles in Japan than in Germany: Cross-cultural Comparison of Adaptive and Maladaptive Coping Styles
Authors: Nishiguchi Yuki , Ishikawa Ryotaro , Ishigaki Takuma , Hashimoto Kazuyuki 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The Maladaptive and Adaptive Coping Style Questionnaire (MAX) is a comprehensive tool for measuring coping styles including three subscales: maladaptive coping, adaptive coping, and avoidance. This study developed a Japanese version of MAX and evaluated the relationship between the coping styles and psychopathologies between the Japanese sample and the German sample. For the cross-cultural comparison, we used the Japanese community sample and German data set acquired by Moritz et al. (Journal of Affective Disorders 191:300–307, 2016). Factor analysis was conducted with the Japanese version of the MAX. Referring to the original version, we hypothesized the three-factor structure. However, the results showed that the adaptive coping subscale had less similarity to the original version, whereas the maladaptive coping and avoidance subscales were similar to the original. As the result of cultural comparison, the Japanese participants showed more maladaptive coping and avoidance. Moreover, the maladaptive coping styles had weaker correlations with the psychopathologies in the Japanese sample than with those in the German sample in the present study.
Cheetah marking sites are also used by other species for communication: evidence from photographic data in a comparative setup
Authors: Edwards Sarah , Mueller Rebekka , Roeder Ralf , Melzheimer Joerg , Wachter Bettina 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMany mammalian species communicate via olfactory communication placed at particular locations. The majority of these studies focused on intraspecific communication. More recently, studies have also investigated interspecific communication and recorded prey animals sniffing olfactory cues left by predators and predators investigating or counter-marking cues left by other predator species. The purpose of exchanging olfactory cues within a species community is little understood. Using a comparative study design, we investigated the behaviour of a mammalian community at cheetah marking trees and paired control trees using camera traps on Namibian farmland. We tested the predictions derived from hypotheses regarding the reasons for visits to the marking trees. Cheetah marking trees and control trees were visited 1101 times by 29 mammalian species (excluding cheetahs), with more species recorded at the marking trees than control trees. Two competitively subordinate carnivore species made more visiting and sniffing events, respectively, at cheetah marking trees than control trees, possibly to assess the time since cheetahs were in the area. Two opportunistic scavenger species sniffed more frequently at the marking trees than control trees, perhaps to feed on undigested prey remains in scats. One common prey species of cheetahs had fewer visiting events at the marking trees than control trees, likely to reduce encounters with cheetahs. Further, one species that is rarely preyed by cheetahs marked cheetah marking trees at the same frequency as control trees, suggesting it uses conspicuous sites rather for intraspecific than interspecific communication. Thus, trees used by cheetahs for marking also play an important role in olfactory communication for a variety of mammalian species.
Conservation status of the world’s carnivorous mammals (order Carnivora)
Authors: Fernández-Sepúlveda Jaime , Martín Carlos A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe conservation of carnivores (order Carnivora) can lead to the conservation of other species as well as entire ecosystems since they play an important ecosystemic role. However, their predatory behaviour has caused many of these species to experience marked population declines worldwide and they may therefore face greater anthropogenic threats than other animal groups. To examine the conservation status, population trends, distribution patterns, habitats and threats of all extant species belonging to this order (N = 290), we collected data from the International Union for the Conservation of Nature's Red List. In addition, we calculated the Red List Index (RLI) to measure the change in extinction risk of species over time. Carnivores are more threatened than mammals in general (26.9% of endangered species vs. 22.7%) and have a significantly higher proportion of species with declining populations (48.3% vs. 31.9%). Eupleridae, Ursidae and Felidae families have the worst conservation status. Between the 1990s and 2000s, most families suffered a considerable decline in their RLI value, the most notable being Felidae. The greatest numbers of threatened carnivore species are found in forest, shrubland and grassland habitats. East and South Asia hold great numbers of carnivore species as well as the highest proportion of threatened and declining species. Hunting and trapping of terrestrial animals, along with habitat loss (caused by deforestation and agricultural expansion), pose the main threats to the Carnivora order. Our findings indicate that, within mammals, the conservation of carnivores should be a priority, and conservation measures directed at this group should be undertaken or increased as a matter of urgency.
Experimental investigations of heat generation and microstructure evolution during friction stir processing of SnSbCu alloy
Authors: Leszczyńska-Madej Beata , Hrabia-Wiśnios Joanna , Węglowska Aleksandra , Perek-Nowak Małgorzata , Madej Marcin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The paper presents the results of experimental investigations of the heat generation and microstructure evolution during the friction stir processing (FSP) of the SnSb11Cu6 alloy. The Triflute tool was used for modification; the process was carried out using two rotational speeds of the tool: 280 and 560 RPM and a constant linear speed of 355 mm/min. Microstructure studies were performed employing the techniques of light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy along with analysis of the chemical composition of micro-areas. Additionally, the phase composition was investigated by means of the X-ray diffraction method, and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis and hardness testing were performed before and after FSP modification. Furthermore, measurements of the temperature directly on the modified surface by means of a thermal imaging camera and the temperature in the modified zone with a thermocouple system were performed. It was proved that using FSP to modify the SnSbCu alloy promotes refinement and homogenization of the microstructure, as well as improvement of the hardness. The hardness of the starting material was 24 HB, and after FSP, the hardness increased and amounted to, respectively, 25 and 27 HB after processing at 280 and 560 RPM. The microstructure in the stir zone is formed by the dynamic recrystallization (DRX) process and consists of almost equiaxed tin-rich matrix grains with a size of approx. 5–30 µm and fine particles of Cu6Sn5 and SnSb phases. The temperature distribution in the FSP zone is not uniform and changes in a gradient manner.
Emerging technology for economic competitiveness or societal challenges? Framing purpose in Artificial Intelligence policy
Authors: Ulnicane Inga 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study examines the policy discussions surrounding the purpose of the development and use of an emerging technology. It applies the two stylized technology policy frames of economic growth and societal challenges to analyse framing of one of the key emerging technologies today—Artificial Intelligence (AI). It demonstrates that recent AI policy documents include both—economic growth as well as societal challenges—frames. While AI is a novel technology, its recent policy builds on traditional ideas about the role of technology in facilitating economic growth and competitiveness supported by well-known measures such as investment in research and highly skilled workforce. Additionally, AI policy draws on more recent frame on the contribution of technology to addressing societal challenges and the Sustainable Development Goals but presents AI as a technological solution to complex societal issues. While some interest in addressing both economic and social objectives in AI policy can be observed, the policy documents remain silent about their compatibility.
Multiple forms of vitamin B6 regulate salt tolerance by balancing ROS and abscisic acid levels in maize root
Authors: Lu Chongchong , Tian Yuan , Hou Xuanxuan , Hou Xin , Jia Zichang , Li Min , Hao Mingxia , Jiang Yanke , Wang Qingbin , Pu Qiong , Yin Ziyi , Li Yang , Liu Baoyou , Kang Xiaojing , Zhang Guangyi , Ding Xinhua , Liu Yinggao 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSalt stress causes osmotic stress, ion toxicity and oxidative stress, inducing the accumulation of abscisic acid (ABA) and excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, which further damage cell structure and inhibit the development of roots in plants. Previous study showed that vitamin B6 (VB6) plays a role in plant responses to salt stress, however, the regulatory relationship between ROS, VB6 and ABA under salt stress remains unclear yet in plants. In our study, we found that salt stress-induced ABA accumulation requires ROS production, in addition, salt stress also promoted VB6 (including pyridoxamine (PM), pyridoxal (PL), pyridoxine (PN), and pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP)) accumulation, which involved in ROS scavenging and ABA biosynthesis. Furthermore, VB6-deficient maize mutant small kernel2 (smk2) heterozygous is more susceptible to salt stress, and which failed to scavenge excessive ROS effectively or induce ABA accumulation in maize root under salt stress, interestingly, which can be restored by exogenous PN and PLP, respectively. According to these results, we proposed that PN and PLP play an essential role in balancing ROS and ABA levels under salt stress, respectively, it laid a foundation for VB6 to be better applied in crop salt resistance than ABA.
Liability Rules for AI-Related Harm: Law and Economics Lessons for a European Approach
Authors: Li Shu , Faure Michael , Havu Katri 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe potential of artificial intelligence (AI) has grown exponentially in recent years, which not only generates value but also creates risks. AI systems are characterised by their complexity, opacity and autonomy in operation. Now and in the foreseeable future, AI systems will be operating in a manner that is not fully autonomous. This signifies that providing appropriate incentives to the human parties involved is still of great importance in reducing AI-related harm. Therefore, liability rules should be adapted in such a way to provide the relevant parties with incentives to efficiently reduce the social costs of potential accidents. Relying on a law and economics approach, we address the theoretical question of what kind of liability rules should be applied to different parties along the value chain related to AI. In addition, we critically analyse the ongoing policy debates in the European Union, discussing the risk that European policymakers will fail to determine efficient liability rules with regard to different stakeholders.
Distribution-based packet forwarding distance dissimilarity learning for topology characterizing in geographic routing
Authors: Oladeji-Atanda Gbadebo , Mpoeleng Dimane 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We have previously shown that the geographic routing’s greedy packet forwarding distance (PFD), in dissimilarity values of its average measures, characterizes a mobile ad hoc network’s (MANET) topology by node size. In this article, we demonstrate a distribution-based analysis of the PFD measures that were generated by two representative greedy algorithms, namely GREEDY and ELLIPSOID. The result shows the potential of the distribution-based dissimilarity learning of the PFD in topology characterizing. Characterizing dynamic MANET topology supports context-aware performance optimization in position-based or geographic packet routing.
Categorising emotion words: the influence of response options
Authors: Zupan Barbra , Dempsey Lynn , Hartwell Katelyn 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWords used to describe emotion are influenced by experience, context and culture; nevertheless, research studies often constrain participant response options. We explored the influence of response options on how people conceptualise emotion words in two cross-sectional studies. In Study 1 participants rated the degree to which a large set of emotion words (n = 497) fit five basic emotion categories – Happy, Sad, Angry, Fearful, Neutral. Twenty-four words that fit well within these categories were included in Study 2. In Study 2 response options were expanded to include two additional basic emotions (Disgust, Joy), and six complex emotions (Amusement, Anxiety, Contentment, Irritated, Pride, Relief). Only half of the Study 1 words were categorised into the same emotion categories in Study 2. An increase in diversity of ratings for both positive and negative valenced words suggested overlaps in people’s conceptualisations of emotion words. Results suggest potential benefits of providing research participants complex emotion categories of varying intensity, which may better reflect people’s nuanced conceptualisations of emotion. Future research exploring varied response options may provide further insight into how people categorise and differentiate emotion words.
Revue systématique des tests cognitifs validés et/ou ayant des normes de référence pour la population canadienne francophone âgée
Authors: Carrier Thomas , Field Lira Maria Belen , Cortina Ortiz Juan Andres , Duchesne Camille , Montembeault Maxime 
Published: September 2022

RésuméIl est essentiel d’utiliser des tests cognitifs ayant été validés et détenant des normes de référence auprès de la population cible, puisque les réalités culturelles et linguistiques différentes entre l’échantillon de validation ou auprès duquel les normes ont été créées et la population cible peuvent affecter les résultats. Cette revue systématique vise à recenser et décrire les tests cognitifs (incluant tests, questionnaires et grilles d’observation) validés et/ou présentant des normes sur la population âgée canadienne francophone. Au total, 46 articles ont été sélectionnés. Cette revue recense 9 tests validés, 20 tests avec normes de référence et 18 tests validés et avec normes, couvrant la majorité des domaines cognitifs (fonctions mnésiques, attentionnelles, exécutives, perceptivo-motrices et langagières), excepté la cognition sociale. La quasi-totalité des échantillons ont été recrutés au Québec. Les tests relevés présentent majoritairement des indices psychométriques satisfaisants et généralement des normes considérant l’âge, le sexe et l’éducation. Cette revue systématique permettra aux cliniciens et chercheurs canadiens en vieillissement d’orienter optimalement leurs choix de tests cognitifs.
Giant pulmonary pseudoaneurysm following balloon dilatation of the pulmonary artery to relieve pulmonary band
Authors: Oteyaka Emre , Sari Gizem , Basunlu Mehmet Turan , Kuguoglu Okan , Dogan Mehmet Sait , Seker Mehmet , Demirel Gamze , Yozgat Yilmaz , Erdem Abdullah , Ugurlucan Murat , Turkoglu Halil 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPulmonary artery pseudoaneurysms are uncommon. They may occur secondary to trauma, infectious diseases, vasculitis syndromes, neoplasms, congenital diseases, and pulmonary hypertension. Due to increasing number of cardiac interventions, iatrogenic complications are among the major causes of pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysms.In this report, we present a 6-month-old patient with pulmonary pseudoaneurysm that occurred following pulmonary balloon angioplasty for the relief of a pulmonary band.
The Promise and Limit of Kant’s Theory of Justice: On Race, Gender and the Structural Domination of Labourers
Authors: Basevich Elvira 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis article applies Charles W. Mills’ notion of the domination contract to develop a Kantian theory of justice. The concept of domination underlying the domination contract is best understood as structural domination, which unjustifiably authorizes institutions and labour practices to weaken vulnerable groups’ public standing as free, equal and independent citizens. Though Kant’s theory of justice captures why structural domination of any kind contradicts the requirements of justice, it neglects to condemn exploitive gender- and race-based labour relations. Because the ideal of civic equality must position all persons as co-legislators of the terms of political rule, the state must dismantle exploitive race- and gender-based labour relations for all persons to command political power as civic equals.