bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Explainable Deep Learning approach for Shoulder Abnormality Detection in X-Rays Dataset
Authors: Mall Pawan , Singh Pradeep 
Published: November 2022

Computer vision researchers and decision-makers have struggled to understand how deep neural networks (DNNs) accomplish image classification tasks and interpret their results. Due to a lack of understanding of their internal functioning, these models are commonly referred to as "black boxes." As a part of the development process, the DNNs can be easily explained. In this research work, we introduce an explainable technique for shoulder abnormality detection. The motivation behind this study is to enhance patients' and medical professionals' trust in DNNs technology. DNNs are implemented frequently in the medical domain. The suggested abnormality detector, which is based on IGrad-CAM++, is capable of detecting Shoulder X-rays abnormality. Grad-CAM is a common approach that combines the activation maps received from the model to create such a visualization. The average gradient-based terms used in this technique, on the other hand, understate the contribution of the model's identified representations to its predictions. In order to address this issue, we offer a technique that uses Grad-CAM++ to compute the route integral of the gradient-based terms. By assessing different techniques, it is discovered that the recommended procedure can perform very effectively and efficiently in X-ray images provides more visual explanation than existing techniques.
Presentación
Authors: Almeida Thais Barbosa de , Serrano Yeny 
Published: November 2022

Este número temático es el resultado de la colaboración entre la revista EID&A y ADAL (Análisis de Discursos de América Latina). Los artículos de este número son el resultado de las jornadas de estudio "Análisis del discurso digital: cuestiones epistemológicas y metodológicas", un evento en línea celebrado los días 22 y 23 de noviembre de 2021.
Public Speech Anxiety among Medical Residency Trainees in Riyadh
Authors: Alhazmi Taha , Alraddadi Aisha Khalid , Alabdulkarim Hussa Ibrahim , Al-Rowais Norah Abdullah 
Published: November 2022

Objective The present study aimed at measuring the level of public speaking anxiety (PSA) among medical residents in Riyadh, in addition to identifying the factors influencing public speaking anxiety from the perspective of the medical residents. Method A cross-sectional survey was conducted over a sample of 203 medical residents in Riyadh. The study adopted the questionnaire as a data collection tool. The questionnaire consisted of a demographic data part, PSA scale (17 items) and a third part concerned with the factors influencing public speaking anxiety among medical residents. Results The results of the study revealed that medical residents in Riyadh had a low level of public speaking anxiety (47.3±11.32). The participants had a low PSA score on all scale domain; cognitive (23.28±5.43), behavioral (10.45±4.16), and physiological (13.54±3.44). Moreover, the findings of the study showed that stuttering (91.1%), negative perceptions of individuals’ own voice (77.8%), and language barriers (76.8%) were the main factors influencing the public speaking anxiety among medical residents. Finally, we found through linear regression analysis that PSA is not significantly predicted by participants’ living region, marital Status, gender, residency level, type of pre-college school, age or being previously diagnosed by a mental health issue. Conclusion There is a low level of public speaking anxiety among medical residents in Riyadh. In addition, the study concluded that stuttering, negative perceptions about voice and language barriers are negatively influencing the public speaking anxiety among medical residents in Riyadh.
Return to Full Function in Patient with Nonoperative Management of a Comminuted, Displaced Clavicle Fracture: A Case Report
Authors: Naessig Sara A. , Eberlin Christopher T. , Kucharik Michael P. , Cherian Nathan J. , Martin Scott D. 
Published: November 2022

Case Clavicle fractures are common skeletal injuries that account for 2%-10% of adult fractures. Surgical indications include presence of an open fracture, severe angulation, comminution, displacement, skin tenting with a threat of skin perforation, neurovascular compromise, symptomatic nonunion, or fracture shortening >1.5-2cm. In this case, the patient had a comminuted, displaced fracture - thus meeting criteria for operative treatment. However, the patient opted for nonoperative management. Conclusion After 3 months, the patient regained full strength and range-of-motion. This case highlights the current heterogenous mixture of studies in the literature surrounding the best management for midshaft clavicle fractures. The patient was informed that data concerning the case would be submitted for publication and provided consent.
Pengaruh Pelatihan dan Penerapan Business Continuity Planning (BCP) pada Ketahanan Usaha para UMKM Kota Bandung
Authors: Maya Dora Yenny , Sakti Intan Widuri , Saefudin Nugraha , Sari Oktora Yogi , Sudrajat Asep , Budiansyah Yusep 
Published: November 2022

Hadirnya wabah virus Covid 19 memberikan pembelajaran yang sangat berharga untuk semua sektor termasuk pada sektor usaha mikro kecil dan menengah (UMKM) maupun usaha kecil dan menengah (UKM). Dalam upaya untuk kesiapan semua sektor termasuk UMKM dalam menghadapi krisis, supaya tetap dapat bertahan. Penelitian inu dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pelatihan dan penerapan BCP pada ketahanan usaha UMKM di Kota Bandung. Penelitian dilakukan pada para UMKM Kota Bandung yang berjumlah 150. Data diperoleh dengan menyebarkan kuesioner pada para UMKM. Data diolah dan dianalisis dengan menggunakan SPSS 25.0. Dari hasil olah data didapat bahwa Pelatihan pembuatan BCP berpengaruh pada Ketahanan Usaha UMKM Kota Bandung. Penerapan Business Continuity Planning (BCP) berpengaruh pada Ketahanan usaha UMKM. Sedangkan untuk hasil uji simultan Pelatihan pembuatan dan Penerapan BCP berpengaruh pada Ketahanan usaha UMKM. Hal ini berarti bahwa pelatihan dan penerapan Business Continuity Planning (BCP) sangat berpengaruh pada ketahanan usaha UMKM di Kota Bandung.
Frameless cinema: Proposed scale of narrative involvement in virtual reality
Authors: Bonilla Diego , Fajardo Helena Galán 
Published: November 2022

<p>The possibility of recording in 360° has aroused the interest of entrepreneurs and researchers in the potential narrative powers of virtual reality in different fields. However, there are still some questions that have not been sufficiently confirmed, such as the higher level of narrative involvement of the viewer in this new form of storytelling. In order to make up for this lack, this research presents the design of an experimental analysis in different phases. It is a quantitative-qualitative pilot project based on the MNEQ scale<sup>[1]</sup> that allows us to evaluate and compare the viewing experience of a narrative story through virtual reality presentation and different types of two-dimensional screens to a minimum of 100 people divided into experimental groups. Under the assumption that each treatment or each technology (independent variable) has different impacts on the viewer’s narrative involvement (dependent variable), the aim is to analyze empathy (EP), sympathy (S), cognitive perspective taking (CP), loss of time (LT), loss of self-awareness (LS), narrative presence (NP), narrative involvement (NI), distraction (D), ease of cognitive access (EC) and narrative realism (NR). Four different types of analysis (statistical, variance, observational, open-ended) are included. We offer a new model of self-developed analysis for complete Spanish-language cinematic virtual reality works. The experimental design seeks to establish a comprehensive research model in order to discuss whether virtual reality offers, as it is believed, greater engagement.</p>
The artistic generation of the meta universe: Tracing the source of NFT art
Authors: Guo Chunning 
Published: November 2022

<p>NFT has become a hot topic in the art circle recently, and encryption art has also stepped on a new stage with the support of new technologies and systems such as blockchain from 2019 to 2020, NFT art showed explosive growth. Many representative cases updated the traditional definition of art source, copyright and media, and also triggered the participation and interaction of a wider audience<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">.</span> The author believes that this new cultural and artistic phenomenon needs to be observed from a more in-depth and comparative perspective. In a broader sense, NFT art has formed a profound intertextual relationship with the concept of “meta universe” constructed from Science Fiction Texts into reality in recent ten years. Through the discussion of digital identity, fair trade and gameplay, this paper regards NFT art as a meta universe pointing to the future, and discusses the generation and evolution of NFT as a digital mechanism from the revolution of the art world.</p>
Metaverse as a cross complex scene of technical education
Authors: Mujica-Sequera Ruth M. 
Published: November 2022

<p>In the digital age, major changes have taken place in the field of education. All those involved in the teaching stage are invited to reflect on the challenges involved in technical literacy. The purpose of this article is to consider the cross-complexity challenges involved in technical literacy as metaverse enters the classroom. With the support of humanistic paradigm, literature research adopts philological methods, qualitative methods, exploratory interpretation types, literature design, reading technology and search tools, organization and information analysis. After two years in prison, the educational process is still utopian in the face of a technological world full of differences, prototypes, contradictions and challenges. Before existing bases are subject to the wrong dogma that technology will replace them or become their biggest enemy, the education system must be strengthened to understand the changes of prototypes. Surprisingly, the pandemic has fostered a vision of a world where it is possible to assess, reassess and give new relevance to the training process. Therefore, it is necessary to balance the beliefs of epistemology, ontology, teleology, axiology and methodology, and produce a new dialogue in the interrelated educational practice. In this dialogue, transcendence is promoted and a higher level of knowledge is achieved under the internal reflection of people in digital education.</p>
Changes in technology and civilization—A conceptual study of the Metaverse
Authors: Fang Lingzhi , Shen Huangnan 
Published: November 2022

<p class="15" align="justify">Advances in media technology continue to drive changes in the shape of human society, and human civilization has stepped into the eve of the Metaverse. Based on this practical background, this paper analyzes the Metaverse concept from three aspects: the proposed background, construction and characteristics of the Metaverse, and analyzes and summarizes the impact of the Metaverse on the current situation of the industry and the future of the industry. This paper argues that the proposal of <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">M</span>etaverse is the inevitable development of society and technology, and the endgame of Internet development. The <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">M</span>etaverse is a product of the constant innovation of the medium and has evolved from the possible worlds in literature to video games. This paper summarizes the basis of <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">M</span>etaverse construction from the perspective of humanities and technologies, and proposes that the <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">M</span>etaverse will develop a virtual civilization in terms of humanities, and be supported by both software and hardware technologies in terms of technologies. On the basis of this foundation, it is extracted that the <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">M</span>etaverse has two characteristics: civilization and intersectionality. This paper summarizes the influence of <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">M</span>etaverse on industry, mainly including the influence of <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">M</span>etaverse on the current layout of industry and the influence on the future development of industry. The concept and impact of <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">M</span>etaverse and its commercial application in industrial development proposed in this paper lay the corresponding theoretical foundation for the subsequent research on <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">M</span>etaverse.</p>
Multi-task super resolution method for vector field critical points enhancement
Authors: Yang Yilun , Hao Zhou , Peng Weilong , Tang Keke , Fang Meie 
Published: November 2022

<p>It is a challenging task to handle the vector field visualization <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">at</span> local critical points. Generally, topological based methods firstly divide critical regions into different categories, and then process the different types of critical regions to improve the effect, which pipeline is complex. In the paper, a learning based multi-task super resolution (SR) method is proposed to improve the refinement of vector field, and enhance the visualization effect, especially at the critical region. In detail, the multi-task model consists of two important <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">des</span>igns on task branches: one task is to simulate the interpolation of discrete vector fields based on an improved super-resolution network; and the other is a classification task to identify the types of critical vector fields. It is an efficient end-to-end architecture for both training and inferencing stages, which simplifies the pipeline of critical vector field visualization and improves the visualization effect. In experiment, we compare our method with both traditional interpolation and pure SR network on both simulation data and real data, and the reported results indicate our method lower the error and improve PSNR significantly.</p>
Causes and Effects of Flooding in Nigeria: A Review
Authors: Ifiok Enobong Mfon  , Michael Chukwuemeka Oguike  , Salvation Ubi Eteng  , Ndifreke Moses Etim  
Published: November 2022

Flooding is an environmental hazard that needs appropriate measures to be instituted to stem the tide of occurrence. The study relied on previous academic/scholarly articles in achieving the aim. It was noted in the study that flooding is caused by natural and human activities. For instance, excessive rainfall, terrain and nature of soils are natural causes of flooding. Furthermore, poor environmental planning/monitoring, housing development in flood prone areas, deforestation, haphazard developments resulting in the blockage of drains, poor waste disposal practices, negligence by government in designing and implementing policies at various levels as well as poor environmental planning and weak enforcement of policies contribute to flood occurrence. To this end, the present study suggested that government should ensure that environmental management policies are properly enforced in the country. Equally, development control activities should be taken seriously to avoid erecting developments on flood plains and flood prone areas. Finally, regular environmental education should be given priority in the society.
Publication delays and associated factors in ophthalmology journals
Authors: Yu Yinglin , Li Wei , Xu Chaoqun , Tan Yuan , Zhu Weining , Zhang Bowen , Zou Yingshi , Hu Leyi , Jin Guangming , Liu Zhenzhen 
Published: November 2022

Introduction
This study aimed to evaluate the publication delays and correlative factors of peer-reviewed ophthalmology journals.

Methods
The ophthalmology journals listed in the Journal Citation Report 2020 were retrieved from the Web of Science database. The first original research article of each journal issue from January to December 2020 was extracted, and its submission, final revision, acceptance, and publication dates were obtained. Information on impact factors, advance online publication (AOP) status, open access (OA) rate and acceptance rate in 2020 was also collected. The correlations between publication delays and potential associated factors were analyzed.

Results
A total of 58 ophthalmology journals were included and information on 685 articles was collected. The median times from submission to acceptance, from acceptance to publication, and from submission to publication were 118.0 (IQR, 74.0–185.0) days, 31.0 (IQR, 15.0–64.0) days, and 161.0 (IQR, 111.0–232.0) days, respectively. A higher impact factor was correlated with shorter delays of acceptance and publication (P < 0.05). There was a positive correlation between acceptance rates and publication delays (r = 0.726, P = 0.007). Forty-seven (81.03%) journals provided AOP. There was no statistically significant difference for impact factors and publication delays between journal with and without AOP (all P > 0.05). No correlation between OA rate and publication delays or impact factors was detected (all P > 0.05).

Conclusions
Journals with higher impact factors and lower acceptance rates tend to have quicker publication processes. No significant associations were detected between publication delays and AOP or OA rate.
An Integrated Polymeric mRNA Vaccine without Inflammation Side Effects for Cellular Immunity Mediated Cancer Therapy
Authors: Huang Pei , Jiang Lingsheng , Pan Hui , Ding Lingwen , Zhou Bo , Zhao Mengyao , Zou Jianhua , Li Benhao , Qi Meiwei , Deng Hongzhang , Zhou Yongfeng , Chen Xiaoyuan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAmong the few available mRNA delivery vehicles, lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are the most clinically advanced but they require cumbersome four components and suffer from inflammation‐related side effects that should be minimized for safety. Yet, a certain level of proinflammatory responses and innate immune activation are required to evoke T‐cell immunity for mRNA cancer vaccination. To address these issues and develop potent yet low‐inflammatory mRNA cancer vaccine vectors, a series of alternating copolymers “PHTA” featured with ortho‐hydroxy tertiary amine (HTA) repeating units for mRNA delivery is synthesized, which can play triple roles of condensing mRNA, enhancing the polymeric nanoparticle (PNP) stability, and prolonging circulation time. Unlike LNPs exhibiting high levels of inflammation, the PHTA‐based PNPs show negligible inflammatory side effects in vivo. Importantly, the top candidate PHTA‐C18 enables successful mRNA cancer vaccine delivery in vivo and leads to a robust CD8+ T cell mediated antitumor cellular immunity. Such PHTA‐based integrated PNP provides a potential approach for establishing mRNA cancer vaccines with good inflammatory safety profiles.
The Impact of Water on Choline‐2‐Octenoic Ionic Liquid‐Facilitated Transdermal Transport
Authors: Nichols Isabel R. , Hamadani Christine M. , Chism Claylee M. , Hunter Alysha N. , Ahmad Humayun , Wontor Kendall , Williams Ashley E. , Vashisth Priyavrat , Hammer Nathan I. , Kundu Santanu , Tanner Eden E. L. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIonic liquids (ILs) have been shown to be effective transdermal penetrants of pharmaceutically active ingredients, including small molecules and proteins. The presence of water within ionic liquids has been demonstrated to play a critical role in their structural organization on the molecular level. However, the impact of water on IL transdermal transport efficacy has yet to be investigated. Herein, a water concentration gradient (0%–100% v/v) is tested to evaluate choline trans‐2‐octenoic (CA2OE)‐mediated transport of a hydrophilic model drug dextran (10000 Da) in an ex vivo porcine skin model.Compared to 2:1, 1:1, 1:4, and 1:5 ionic ratio formulations, 50% v/v CA2OE 1:2‐water evidences the greatest success at transporting dextran to the acceptor fluid. Physicochemical characterization (dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), optical density (O.D.), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), fluorescent microscopy, and rheology) is conducted to test both bulk and nanoscale‐level CA2OE 1:2–water interactions. It is hypothesized that the presence of microemulsions in the CA2OE 1:2 75% v/v formulation accounted for the severely decreased transport compared to the 50%. It is thus critical to comprehensively consider interactions between IL components, co‐solvents, anddrug molecules when formulating ILs for transdermal transport applications.
A Fluorescent Sensor Array for the Discrimination of Nucleotide Phosphates
Authors: Sergeant Genevieve E. , Zwicker Vincent E. , Jolliffe Katrina A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractChemosensors that can discriminate between nucleotide phosphates are difficult to prepare. Here we describe the use of a sensing array comprising metal complexes of bis(dipicolylamino)‐functionalised linear peptide based fluorescent sensors for the discrimination of nucleotide phosphates. We demonstrate that through the rational incorporation of additional sensor elements the discriminatory power of the array can be improved. An array incorporating two peptides in combination with four metal ions was able to successfully discriminate all triphosphates and diphosphates tested. When monophosphates were included in the analysis, 91 % of the analytes (blank, AMP, ADP, ATP, CMP, CDP, CTP, GMP, GDP, GTP, UMP, UDP and UTP) could be correctly classified, with all classification errors related to monophosphates.
Mineral saturated hydrocarbons and mineral aromatic hydrocarbons in tropical plant oils and their removal by molecular distillation
Authors: Zhang Mingming , Zhang Hai , Olajide Tosin Michael , Cao Wenming , Wang Yan , Zhang Hong , Jiang Yuanrong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNowadays, tropical plant oils (e.g., palm oil and coconut oil) are extensively used in consumer products, especially in infant formulas. However, there is a lack of statistical data on the levels of mineral oil in these oils, including mineral saturated hydrocarbons (MOSH) and mineral aromatic hydrocarbons (MOAH). In this study, we reported a survey of MOSH/MOAH in tropical oils, and in addition, we provided an effective strategy (i.e., molecular distillation) to reduce their contents. A total of 686 tropical plant oils were collected from five tropical countries for this survey. The highest quantifiable MOSH and MOAH concentrations were up to 456.0 and 78.9 mg kg−1, respectively. Interestingly, MOSH was ubiquitous in almost all the tested samples. The distribution of sub‐fractions for MOSH centered at C25–C35 and C35–C40 in most crude and refined oils. After distillation, the MOH sub‐fraction ≤40 was effectively removed, but >40 was unaltered.