bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the preservation of biogenic strontium isotope ratios (87Sr/86Sr) in the pars petrosa ossis temporalis of unburnt human skeletal remains: A case study from Saba
Authors: Kootker Lisette M. , Laffoon Jason E. 
Published: February 2022

RationaleStrontium isotope (87Sr/86Sr) analysis of skeletal remains has become a powerful tool in archaeological studies of human migration and mobility. Owing to its resistance to post‐mortem alteration, dental enamel is the preferred sampling material used for 87Sr/86Sr analysis in bioarchaeological provenance research, although recent studies have demonstrated that cremated bone is also generally resistant to diagenesis. This paper presents the results of a pilot study exploring the potential of unburnt petrous bone (pars petrosa) as a reservoir of biogenic (diagenetically unaltered) strontium, as the otic capsule or bony labyrinth within the petrous bone is extremely dense and is thought to be unable to remodel after early childhood, potentially providing an alternative for dental enamel.MethodsFrom an individual from a colonial‐era (18th century) site on the island of Saba in the Caribbean for whom previous enamel 87Sr/86Sr results had indicated non‐local origins, multiple locations (n = 4) on the petrous were sampled and measured for strontium isotope composition. Saba (13 km2) has been extensively mapped for baseline strontium isotopes (n = 50) with 87Sr/86Sr varying from ca 0.7065 to 0.7090, whereas enamel 87Sr/86Sr (n = 3) ranged from 0.7104 to 0.7112.ResultsAll four petrous 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7111–0.7122) are consistently and considerably higher than the local bioavailable range, and very similar to the enamel 87Sr/86Sr. These results provide initial evidence that unburnt petrous bones may preserve biogenic strontium, at least in this specific burial context.ConclusionsWhile more research in diverse burial conditions is needed to validate this observation, if confirmed, it would have broader implications for sample selection strategies in bioarchaeological studies using the strontium isotope method.
Large‐scale and fine‐grained mapping of heathland habitats using open‐source remote sensing data
Authors: Hubert‐Moy Laurence , Rozo Clémence , Perrin Gwenhael , Bioret Frédéric , Rapinel Sébastien 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMapping natural habitats remains challenging, especially at a national scale. Although new open‐access variables for vegetation and its environment and increased spatial resolution derived from satellite remote sensing data are available at the global scale, the relevance of these new variables for fine‐grained mapping of natural habitats at a national scale remains underexplored. This study aimed to map the fine‐grained pattern of four heathland habitats throughout France (550 000 km2). Environmental (bioclimatic, soil and topographic) and spectral (vegetation) variables derived from MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer, and Sentinel‐2 satellite data were analyzed using the MaxEnt classifier. Open‐access field databases were used to calibrate and validate the classification, based on the threshold‐independent area under the curve (AUC) index and the conventional F1‐score. For each heathland habitat, potential and actual areas were mapped using environmental and spectral variables, respectively. The results showed high classification accuracy for potential (AUC 0.92–0.99) and actual (AUC 0.88–0.99) suitability maps of the four heathland habitats. Visual interpretation of maps of the probability of occurrence indicated that the fine‐grained distribution of heathland habitat was detected satisfactorily. However, although the accuracy of the crisp map of combined classifications of actual heathland habitats was high (overall accuracy 0.72), estimated producer's accuracies in terms of proportion of area were low (<0.25). This study provides the first fine‐grained pattern maps of heathland habitats at a national scale, thus highlighting the value of combining environmental and spectral variables derived from open‐remote sensing data and open‐source field databases. These suitability maps could support the identification of heathland habitats in the framework of national conservation policies.
Synthesis and Characterization of 2D Magnesium Oxide Nanoflakes: A Potential Nanomaterial for Effective Phosphate Removal from Wastewater
Authors: Indeewari Kanaththage M. , Dunuweera Shashiprabha P. , Dunuweera Asiri N. , Rajapakse Rajapakse Mudiyanselage Gamini 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPhosphate containing untreated wastewater, discharged into water bodies, can cause eutrophication, leading to harmful effects on the ecosystem and human health. This study focuses on a simple, low‐cost, and novel approach towards removing excess phosphate ions from aqueous solutions by adsorbing on onto two‐dimensional (2‐D) magnesium oxide nano‐flakes (MONFs). The phosphate removal efficiency was tested with different concentrations of phosphate solutions (2–25 mg L−1), pH levels (3–11), adsorbent dosages (0.025‐0.250 g), and contact times (10‐50 min). The maximum phosphate removal percentage of 100 % was obtained with 50.0 mL of 3 mg L−1 phosphate solution using 0.125 g of the synthesized MONFs with a phosphate absorption capacity of 29.9 mg g−1. Moreover, the adsorption data fit with the Freundlich isotherm, with an R2 value of 0.952. The adsorption kinetic data follow the pseudo‐second‐order model, with an R2 value of 0.995, suggesting that the adsorption process is chemisorption.
Direct Transition from Ultrathin Orthorhombic Dinickel Silicides to Epitaxial Nickel Disilicide Revealed by In Situ Synthesis and Analysis
Authors: Wolf Philipp M. , Pitthan Eduardo , Zhang Zhen , Lavoie Christian , Tran Tuan T. , Primetzhofer Daniel 
Published: February 2022

AbstractUnderstanding phase transitions of ultrathin metal silicides is crucial for the development of nanoscale silicon devices. Here, the phase transition of ultrathin (3.6 nm) Ni silicides on Si(100) substrates is investigated using an in situ synthesis and characterization approach, supplemented with ex situ transmission electron microscopy and nano‐beam electron diffraction. First, an ultrathin epitaxial layer and ordered structures at the interface are observed upon room‐temperature deposition. At 290 °C, this structure is followed by formation of an orthorhombic δ‐Ni2Si phase exhibiting long‐range order and extending to the whole film thickness. An unprecedented direct transition from this δ‐Ni2Si phase to the final NiSi2−x phase is observed at 290 °C, skipping the intermediate monosilicide phase. Additionally, the NiSi2−x phase is found epitaxial on the substrate. This transition process substantially differs from observations for thicker films. Furthermore, considering previous studies, the long‐range ordered orthorhombic δ‐Ni2Si phase is suggested to occur regardless of the initial Ni thickness. The thickness of this ordered δ‐Ni2Si layer is, however, limited due to the competition of different orientations of the δ‐Ni2Si crystal. Whether the formed δ‐Ni2Si layer consumes all deposited nickel is expected to determine whether the monosilicide phase appears before the transition to the final NiSi2−x phase.
Experimental investigation of fatigue dissipated energy of self‐compacting rubber concrete with acoustic emission technology
Authors: Ouyang Feng , Ge Fei , Fan Xiangqian , Liu Jueding 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this paper, flexural fatigue test of self‐compacting concrete (SCC) with waste tire 0% and 20% rubber content was studied. Meanwhile, the acoustic emission (AE) was used to monitor the whole process of the fatigue. The results show the dissipation energy presents obvious three stages, which are similar to the stiffness attenuation. The plateau value (PV) of radio of dissipated energy change has a double logarithmic linear relationship with fatigue life. Moreover, there is a linear relationship between the dissipated energy and cumulative AE parameters at about half of fatigue life. At last, the relationship between PV value calculated by cumulative AE counts changes and fatigue life is determined. Therefore, AE technology can be used to monitor the fatigue evolution of concrete.
ABCA8 inhibits breast cancer cell proliferation by regulating the AMP activated protein kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway
Authors: Lv Chunliu , Yang Han , Yu Jinsong , Dai Xiaowei 
Published: February 2022

AbstractATP‐binding cassette (ABC) subfamily A member 8 (ABCA8) has been reported to play a vital role in cancer development. Our study aimed to explore the role and the molecular mechanism of ABCA8 in breast cancer (BC) progression. GSE65194, GSE15852, and GSE45827 datasets were used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in BC. The diagnosis and prognosis value were determined using ROC curve analysis and Kaplan–Meier plotter, respectively. The relationship between ABCA8 expression and clinicopathological features in BC was analyzed by TCGA. Co‐expressed genes of ABCA8 in BC were screened out through GEPIA and subjected to KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. Cell proliferation was evaluated by CCK‐8 and EdU incorporation assays. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression and the changes of the AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway were measured by western blot analysis. Totally 4 overlapping DEGs were identified and all reduced in BC samples. ABCA8 with high diagnostic and prognostic values was selected for further exploration. Low ABCA8 expression was correlated with clinicopathological features in BC patients. ABCA8 overexpression inhibited BC cell proliferation. The top 20 co‐expressed genes of ABCA8 were identified by GEPIA and significantly enriched in AMPK signaling pathway. Inhibition of AMPK/mTOR pathway reversed the suppressive effect of ABCA8 on BC cell growth. These results suggested that ABCA8 overexpression repressed BC cell proliferation through regulating the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway.
The future for Ontario cider production and consumption: Assessment of Ontario's excise tax regime
Authors: Dhaliwal Sonia , Currie Elliott , Foti Lianne , Chandrakumar Piraveena , Kurian Elizabeth , Motala Moeen , McCarty Steven , George Matthew 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA competitive tax rate is necessary for products aiming to grow their market share, yet little is known about the cider beverage competitive tax landscape in the Province of Ontario, Canada. This report argues for the adoption of the similar tax treatment of Ontario beer towards Ontario cider. The purpose of assessing current cider tax treatment within Canada is to address the growing concern from local cider producers on this commodity's taxes. An analysis of current trends within the cider market, particularly concerning consumption and trade data, is examined for Canada, the United States, Belgium, France, Denmark, Netherlands, and the United Kingdom. In addition, an overview of consumption trends within Europe is assessed. The tax treatment between European alcoholic beverages is compared, with France charging lower tax on Cider than beer to the Netherlands charging over six times the rate on cider at 1.33 CAD/L. In contrast, the United States charges only 0.06 CAD/L on cider versus 0.04 CAD/L on beer. Canada charges 0.32 CAD/L on Cider and 0.24 CAD/L on beer. The findings from Europe's cider analysis suggest restructuring and lowering Ontario's taxation on cider's local production and the multiplier effect on the provincial and national economy. Sensitivity analyses demonstrate a minor decline in the tax rate would generate significantly more tax revenue to the government and, at a 2.4‐time multiplier, a positive effect economic impact of between 14 million and 28 million CAD while generating direct tax to the government of between 278,647 CAD and 479,274 CAD. Recommendations are provided for the Ontario government to implement a tax rate that favors both the government and local farmers and local processors.
The Good Reasons for a Standard Periodic Table of the Chemical Elements
Authors: Schwarz W. H. Eugen , Müller Ulrich , Kraus Florian 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe periodic depictions of the natural system of elements produced by Mendeleyev and his contemporaries were based on atomic mass A and chemical valence G of the elements then already discovered. In their and in later more refined periodic tables the periodicity was initially highlighted for values of G from 0 to 8; but long tables with 18 groups were soon required to account for the growing number of elements and their chemical properties. The atomic masses (co‐determined by the assorted isotopes of an element) were replaced by the atomic number Z. The current knowledge of the electronic states of atoms and molecules now calls for a standard form of the periodic table which reflects the large energy gaps between the noble‐gas (sp)8 core shells and the electronic open spdf valence shells, which physically determine the chemical periodicity of rows with lengths increasing in double‐steps. A graphic representation as introduced in IUPAC's Red Book has served well for education and research in chemistry. There is presently no need for graphical or other changes, but existing “irregularities” of single atoms or groups of atoms, mainly those of higher values of Z, require dedicated considerations based on the laws of physics which allow to rationalize unexpected deviations from the Aufbau principle and other rules‐of‐thumb.
The Layered Semiconductor Cu(Sb2S3)[AlCl4]
Authors: Grasser Matthias A. , Finzel Kati , Ruck Michael 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSb2S3 and CuCl were reacted in the ionic liquid [BMIm]Cl ⋅ 4.4AlCl3 (BMIm=1‐n‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium) at 200 °C. Upon cooling to room temperature, orange‐red colored, air‐sensitive crystals of Cu(Sb2S3)[AlCl4] precipitated. X‐ray diffraction on a single‐crystal revealed an orthorhombic crystal structure, in which cationic [Cu(Sb2S3)]+ layers are separated by tetrahedral [AlCl4]− anions. The uncharged Sb2S3 partial structure consists of one‐dimensional strands with covalent Sb−S single bonds. The copper(I) cation is coordinated by three sulfur atoms and by one of chlorine atoms of the [AlCl4]– anion. An optical band gap of 2.14 eV was deduced from UV/Vis spectra. In very good agreement, a band gap of 2.07 eV results from DFT‐based calculations involving a new implementation of the bifunctional formalism for the exchange energy. By treatment with 0.1 molar hydrochloric acid, AlCl3 was leached from Cu(Sb2S3)[AlCl4] yielding a compound with the presumed composition Cu(Sb2S3)Cl. Hydrolysis at higher pH resulted in Cu2–xS and Sb4O5Cl2.
Metalearning for Deep Neural Networks
Authors: Huisman Mike , van Rijn Jan N. , Plaat Aske 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDeep neural networks have enabled large breakthroughs in various domains ranging from image and speech recognition to automated medical diagnosis. However, these networks are notorious for requiring large amounts of data to learn from, limiting their applicability in domains where data is scarce. Through metalearning, the networks can learn how to learn, allowing them to learn from fewer data. In this chapter, we provide a detailed overview of metalearning for knowledge transfer in deep neural networks. We categorize the techniques into (i) metric-based, (ii) model-based, and (iii) optimization-based techniques, cover the key techniques per category, discuss open challenges, and provide directions for future research such as performance evaluation on heterogeneous benchmarks.
Metalearning Approaches for Algorithm Selection II
Authors: Brazdil Pavel , van Rijn Jan N. , Soares Carlos , Vanschoren Joaquin 
Published: February 2022

SummaryThis chapter discusses different types of metalearning models, including regression, classification and relative performance models. Regression models use a suitable regression algorithm, which is trained on the metadata and used to predict the performance of given base-level algorithms. The predictions can in turn be used to order the base-level algorithms and hence identify the best one. These models also play an important role in the search for the potentially best hyperparameter configuration discussed in the next chapter. Classification models identify which base-level algorithms are applicable or non-applicable to the target classification task. Probabilistic classifiers can be used to construct a ranking of potentially useful alternatives. Relative performance models exploit information regarding the relative performance of base-level models, which can be either in the form of rankings or pairwise comparisons. This chapter discusses various methods that use this information in the search for the potentially best algorithm for the target task.
Setting Up Configuration Spaces and Experiments
Authors: Brazdil Pavel , van Rijn Jan N. , Soares Carlos , Vanschoren Joaquin 
Published: February 2022

SummaryThis chapter discusses the issues relative to so-called configuration spaces that need to be set up before initiating the search for a solution. It starts by introducing some basic concepts, such as discrete and continuous subspaces. Then it discusses certain criteria that help us to determine whether the given configuration space is (or is not) adequate for the tasks at hand. One important topic which is addressed here ishyperparameter importance, as it helps us to determine which hyperparameters have a high influence on the performance and should therefore be optimized. This chapter also discusses some methods for reducing the configuration space. This is important as it can speed up the process of finding the potentially best workflow for the new task. One problem that current systems face nowadays is that the number of alternatives in a given configuration space can be so large that it is virtually impossible to gather complete metadata. This chapter discusses the issue of whether the system can still function satisfactorily even when the metadata is incomplete. The final part of this chapter discusses some strategies that can be used for gathering metadata that originated in the area of multi-armed bandits, including, for instance, SoftMax, upper confidence bound (UCB) and pricing strategies.
Rethinking the Role of Productive Interactions in Explaining SSH Research Societal Impacts: Towards a Conceptual Framework for Productive Science System Dynamics
Authors: Benneworth Paul , Castro-Martínez Elena , Olmos-Peñuela Julia , Muhonen Reetta 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this paper we seek to realise the potential that Spaapen and van Drooge’s productive interactions concept offers, but which we argue has been lost through its operationalisation as a process of ‘counting interactions’. Productive interactions arise through moments of contact between two very different systems (the societal and the scientific), and each system values societal impact in very different ways. Finding mutual value in that interaction is important, and we argue that value in both arises when network arrangements shift, as academic disciplines solve urgent scientific problems and as societies improve living conditions. Productive interactions approach assumes the value-frameworks of the wider networks within which particular knowledge sets become actionable. However, our constructive critique highlights the omission of the wider elements of science and social systems within which productive interactions takes place (and whose dynamics ultimately determine the final scientific and societal impact of that research). Indeed, research evaluation to date has not considered the consequences of the productive interactions in terms of these changing relationships. To contribute to this lacuna, we propose a model that conceptualises a meso-level system comprising interactions between actors within two subsystems, highlighting the importance of coupling between researchers and users, valuation signals given to particular productive interactions from researcher and societal communities and the way these signals in turn embed useful knowledge practices. We apply it to a set of examples of productive interactions in the field of social sciences and humanities (SSH) gathered in the framework of a European project.
Spectral clustering for jet physics
Authors: Cerro Giorgio , Dasmahapatra Srinandan , Day-Hall Henry A. , Ford Billy , Moretti Stefano , Shepherd-Themistocleous Claire H. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We present a new approach to jet definition alternative to clustering methods, such as the anti-kT scheme, that exploit kinematic data directly. Instead the new method uses kinematic information to represent the particles in a multidimensional space, as in spectral clustering. After confirming its Infra-Red (IR) safety, we compare its performance in analysing gg → H125 GeV→ H40 GeVH40 GeV→$$ b\overline{b}b\overline{b} $$
b

b
¯

b

b
¯

, gg → H500 GeV→ H125 GeVH125 GeV→$$ b\overline{b}b\overline{b} $$
b

b
¯

b

b
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and gg, $$ q\overline{q} $$
q

q
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→$$ t\overline{t} $$
t

t
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→$$ b\overline{b}{W}^{+}{W}^{-} $$
b

b
¯

W
+

W
−

→$$ b\overline{b} jj\mathrm{\ell}{v}_{\mathrm{\ell}} $$
b

b
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jj
ℓ

v
ℓ

events from Monte Carlo (MC) samples, specifically, in reconstructing the relevant final states, to that of the anti-kT algorithm. Finally, we show that the results for spectral clustering are obtained without any change in the parameter settings of the algorithm, unlike the anti-kT case, which requires the cone size to be adjusted to the physics process under study.
Higgs boson production and quark scattering amplitudes at high energy through the next-to-next-to-leading power in quark mass
Authors: Liu Tao , Modi Sneh , Penin Alexander A. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We study the amplitudes of the quark scattering by an external electromagnetic field and of the light quark mediated Higgs boson production via gluon fusion in the high-energy limit. The asymptotic behavior of the quark form factors is obtained in the double-logarithmic approximation to all orders in strong coupling constant through $$ \mathcal{O}\left({m}_q^3\right) $$
O

m
q
3

in the small quark mass expansion and the asymptotic formula is given in a closed analytic form. In the case of the two-gluon Higgs boson form factor we obtain a complete analytic result for the three-loop $$ \mathcal{O}\left({m}_q^3\right) $$
O

m
q
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double-logarithmic term while the all-order analysis is performed in the large-Nc limit of QCD and for the abelian gauge group. An estimate of the high-order high-power light quark mass effect in the Higgs boson production and decay is given.