bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robotergestützte Rektumresektionen – Scoping-Review für Klasse-1a-Evidenz und retrospektive Analyse klinikinterner Daten
Authors: Willis Maria A. , Soltau Sophia L. V. , van Beekum Cornelius , Sommer Nils , Glowka Tim R. , Kalff Jörg C. , Vilz Tim O. 
Published: November 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Robotergestützten Rektumresektionen wird nachgesagt, dass sie bekannte Schwierigkeiten der laparoskopischen Rektumchirurgie durch technische Vorteile überwinden und so zu besseren Behandlungsergebnissen führen. Veröffentlichte Studien berichten jedoch sehr heterogene Ergebnisse. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es daher, festzustellen, ob es eine Klasse-1a-Evidenz für den Vergleich von robotergestützten vs. laparoskopischen Rektumresektionen gibt. Weiterhin möchten wir die Behandlungsergebnisse unserer Klinik mit den berechneten Effekten aus der Literatur vergleichen.

Material und Methoden
Eine systematische Literaturrecherche nach Klasse-1a-Evidenz wurde durchgeführt und die berechneten Effekte für 7 vorausgewählte Endpunkte wurden miteinander verglichen. Anschließend analysierten wir alle elektiven Rektumresektionen, die zwischen 2017 und 2020 in unserer Klinik durchgeführt wurden, und verglichen die Behandlungsergebnisse mit den Ergebnissen der identifizierten Metaanalysen.

Ergebnisse
Die Ergebnisse der 7 identifizierten Metaanalysen zeigten keine homogenen Effekte für die Endpunkte Operationszeit und Konversionsrate, während die berechneten Effekte der anderen untersuchten Endpunkte weitgehend konsistent waren. Unsere Patientendaten zeigten, dass robotergestützte Rektumresektionen mit signifikant längeren Operationszeiten assoziiert waren, während die anderen Outcomes kaum von der Operationstechnik beeinflusst wurden.

Diskussion
Obwohl bereits Klasse-1a-Metaanalysen zum Vergleich von robotergestützten und laparoskopischen Rektumresektionen vorliegen, erlauben diese keine evidenzbasierte Empfehlung zur Bevorzugung einer der beiden Operationstechniken. Die Analyse unserer Patientendaten zeigte, dass die in unserer Klinik erzielten Ergebnisse weitgehend mit den beobachteten Effekten der Metaanalysen übereinstimmen.
MinMax fairness: from Rawlsian Theory of Justice to solution for algorithmic bias
Authors: Barsotti Flavia , Koçer Rüya Gökhan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper presents an intuitive explanation about why and how Rawlsian Theory of Justice (Rawls in A theory of justice, Harvard University Press, Harvard, 1971) provides the foundations to a solution for algorithmic bias. The contribution of the paper is to discuss and show why Rawlsian ideas in their original form (e.g. the veil of ignorance, original position, and allowing inequalities that serve the worst-off) are relevant to operationalize fairness for algorithmic decision making. The paper also explains how this leads to a specific MinMaxfairness solution, which addresses the basic challenges of algorithmic justice. We combine substantive elements of Rawlsian perspective with an intuitive explanation in order to provide accessible and practical insights. The goal is to propose and motivate why and how the MinMaxfairness solution derived from Rawlsian principles overcomes some of the current challenges for algorithmic bias and highlight the benefits provided when compared to other approaches. The paper presents and discusses the solution by building a bridge between the qualitative theoretical aspects and the quantitative technical approach.
Graphene-on-gold surface plasmon resonance sensors resilient to high-temperature annealing
Authors: Jungnickel Robert , Mirabella Francesca , Stockmann Jörg Manfred , Radnik Jörg , Balasubramanian Kannan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractGold films coated with a graphene sheet are being widely used as sensors for the detection of label-free binding interactions using surface plasmon resonance (SPR). During the preparation of such sensors, it is often essential to subject the sensor chips to a high-temperature treatment in order to ensure a clean graphene surface. However, sensor chips used currently, which often use chromium as an adhesion promoter, cannot be subjected to temperatures above 250 °C, because under such conditions, chromium is found to reorganize and diffuse to the surface, where it is easily oxidized, impairing the quality of SPR spectra. Here we present an optimized preparation strategy involving a three-cycle tempering coupled with chromium (oxide) etching, which allows the graphene-coated SPR chips to be annealed up to 500 °C with little deterioration of the surface morphology. In addition, the treatment delivers a surface that shows a clear enhancement in spectral response together with a good refractive index sensitivity. We demonstrate the applicability of our sensors by studying the kinetics of avidin–biotin binding at different pH repeatedly on the same chip. The possibility to anneal can be exploited to recover the original surface after sensing trials, which allowed us to reuse the sensor for at least six cycles of biomolecule adsorption.
Adaptive Management of Flows in a Regulated River: Flow-ecology Relationships Revealed by a 26-year, Five-treatment Flow Experiment
Authors: Bradford Michael J. , Korman Josh , Sneep Jeff 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAdaptive management (AM) is often proposed as a means to resolve uncertainty in the management of socio-ecological systems but successful implementation of AM is rare. We report results from a 26 year, five-treatment, AM experiment designed to inform decision makers about the response of juvenile salmonids (Oncorhynchus spp.) to flow releases from a dam on the regulated Bridge River, British Columbia, Canada. Treatments consisted of a baseline (no dam release) and four different dam release regimes that followed a semi-natural hydrograph but varied in the magnitude of spring-summer freshet flows. We found total salmonid biomass was highest at the lowest flow release, and decreased with increasing flow, consistent with a priori predictions made by an expert solicitation process. Species-specific responses were observed that in some cases could be attributed to interactions between the flow regime and life history. The relationship between juvenile biomass and flow resulting from the experiment can inform decisions on water management for this river. The documentation of successful AM experiments is sorely needed to allow for reflection on the circumstances when AM is likely to deliver desirable outcomes, and to improve other decision processes that require fewer resources and less time to implement.
Use of Ricinus communis shredded material as filler in rotational molded parts to improve the bio-disintegration behavior
Authors: Romero Francisco , Ortega Zaida , Castellano Jessica , Benítez Antonio N. , Marrero María Dolores , Suárez Luis 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper focuses on the use of castor oil plant (Ricinus communis) as filler in rotomolded parts using polyethylene (PE) and polylactic acid (PLA) as polymer matrixes. The vegetable shredded material was used in 5 and 10% weight following a dry blending procedure and then rotomolded to obtain cube test parts. This material was characterized to determine its chemical composition, thermal stability, and structure. The NaOH-treated material shows reduced hemicellulose content and higher thermal stability. Obtained composite materials were characterized in terms of mechanical (tensile, flexural, and impact) and thermal properties, morphology, and bio-disintegration behavior. The use of Ricinus as filler in rotomolded PE composite decreases, in general terms, mechanical properties of neat PE, while no significant changes in thermal or bio-disintegration properties are found. On the contrary, PLA composites show higher tensile strength and similar Young's modulus than the matrix, although with reduced flexural and impact properties. Alkali-treated Ricinus material produces parts with higher porosity and thus, lower mechanical properties than composites with untreated material. Finally, the incorporation of this vegetal material modifies to a great extent the thermal properties of the PLA matrix. The bio-disintegration rate increases due to the use of fibers, probably because of the higher moisture absorption of composites.
Axial length changes in progressive and non-progressive myopic children in China
Authors: Chen Jun , Liu Shang , Zhu Zhuoting , Bulloch Gabriella , Naduvilath Thomas , Wang Jingjing , Du Linlin , Yang Jinliuxing , Zhang Bo , Zou Haidong , Xu Xun , He Xiangui 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Due to pubertal development and crystalline lens compensation, axial length (AL) continues to increase among non-progressive myopic children (absolute annual spherical equivalent (SE) progression less than 0.25 diopter), but the amount is unknown. This study was to investigate the cutoff of AL change to accurately differentiate between progressive and non-progressive myopes.

Methods
A total of 8,546 myopic and treatment-naive children aged 6–10 years were enrolled from two cohort studies. AL with optical biometer and cycloplegic SE with auto refraction were evaluated at baseline and annually. Annual AL change was calculated, and the percentiles of annual axial elongation among progressive and non-progressive myopes were estimated by quantile regression with restricted cubic spline. Area under receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUROC), positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were applied to evaluate the accuracy of predicting progressive and non-progressive myopes.

Results
Among 8,546 myopic children, 603 (7.06%) were non-progressive myopes. Annual AL changes among non-progressive myopes remained stable with the median annual change being 0.25 mm, while the median for progressive myopes decreased with age from 0.58 to 0.42 mm. AUROC for distinguishing between non-progressive and progressive myopes was 0.88 and was > 0.85 for each age group. Annual AL change, the cutoff of 0.20 mm/year, had significantly high PPV and NPV in predicting progressive myopes with high proportion of progressive myopes and non-progressive myopes with low proportions of progressive myopes.

Conclusion
Myopic children with non-progressive status had markedly less axial elongation than progressive ones. AL changes with cutoff of 0.20 mm/year could differentiate between non-progressive and progressive status and may be an alternative for evaluating progressive status.
Identifizierung Geologischer Strukturen Anhand von Measurement-while-drilling Daten zur Unterstützung im Entscheidungsprozess von Injektionen (Forschungsprojekt AVANT)
Authors: Wenighofer Robert , Villeneuve Marlène C. , Maroschek Philipp , Köneman Frank , Thienert Christian , Klaproth Christoph , Pechhacker Robert 
Published: November 2022

ZusammenfassungBeim Tunnelvortrieb werden häufig Injektionen zur Abdichtung oder Verfestigung des Baugrunds eingesetzt, da sie sich mit konventioneller Gerätetechnik in den typischen Arbeitsablauf des Tunnelbaus integrieren lassen. Diese Methode der Gebirgssicherung und -abdichtung ist flexibel und kann durch Änderung der Bohrgeometrie sowie der Injektion, z. B. des Injektionsmaterials, des Volumens und der Abbruchkriterien, kontinuierlich angepasst werden. Diese Flexibilität birgt sowohl Herausforderungen als auch Möglichkeiten zur Optimierung. Das Projekt AVANT zielt darauf ab, Optimierungsmöglichkeiten auf der Grundlage der Entwicklung geologischer Gebirgsmodelle vor der Ortsbrust in Kombination mit der Analyse der Injektionsdaten durch künstliche Intelligenz zu bieten.Wir stellen eine Methode zur Verarbeitung von Monitoring While Drilling (MWD) Daten vor, bei der Variationen der Penetrationsrate, des Vorschub- und des Dämpfungsdrucks sowie des Drehmoments verwendet werden, um Stellen entlang dem Bohrloch hervorzuheben, die diese Parameter gleichzeitig beeinflussen, was als „Ereignisse“ bezeichnet wird. Anschließend zeigen wir, wie die verarbeiteten MWD-Signale farbkodiert und in drei Dimensionen aufgetragen werden können, um Stellen am Tunnelumfang – entlang den Bohrungen des Injektionsschirms – zu identifizieren, die Ereignisse mit einer räumlich geometrischen Ausrichtung aufweisen, die die Plausibilität einer potenziellen über den Querschnitt vorhandenen geologischen Struktur stützt. Schließlich zeigen wir, wie diese potenziellen geologischen Strukturen anhand geologischer Karten und Fotos verifiziert werden können. Abschließend schlagen wir vor, dass diese Methode der Datenanalyse zur Erstellung von Baugrundmodellen im Vorfeld der Ortsbrust verwendet und mit den Injektionsentscheidungen vor Ort verknüpft werden kann.
A randomized pilot study of the efficacy and safety of loading ticagrelor in acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Aref Hany M. , El-Khawas Hala , Elbassiouny Ahmed , Shokri Hossam M. , Zeinhom Mohamed G. , Roushdy Tamer M. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
Ticagrelor is one of the most recent antiplatelet drugs to be approved to treat ischemic heart disease. Its efficacy may exceed aspirin in improving clinical outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke who are ineligible for rt-PA.

Objectives
We evaluated the safety regarding hemorrhagic complications (as a primary endpoint) and the efficacy (as a secondary endpoint) of a 180-mg loading dose of ticagrelor given within 9 h from the onset of the first-ever non-cardioembolic ischemic stroke.

Methods
We conducted our study on patients aged 18–75 years who presented with their first clinically manifested non-cardioembolic ischemic stroke and were recruited from the emergency department OF Kafr El-Sheik University Hospitals, Egypt.
Eligible patients randomly received ticagrelor or aspirin loading and maintenance doses. Screening, randomization, and initiation of treatment all occurred within the first 9 h of stroke onset.

Results
Eighty-five patients received ticagrelor, and 84 received aspirin. Patients who received ticagrelor had a better clinical outcome in terms of NIHSS improvement at 2 days and 1 week of discharge and a favorable mRS score after 1 week of discharge and at 90-day follow-up. There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding hemorrhagic adverse effects.

Conclusion
This pilot study found that ticagrelor had a better clinical outcome than aspirin based on NIHSS and mRS in acute ischemic stroke patients who received it within 9 h from symptom onset and had a shorter hospital stay duration. Ticagrelor was non-inferior to aspirin regarding hemorrhagic complications.

Trial registration
We registered our trial on ClinicalTrials.gov, named after “ticagrelor versus aspirin in ischemic stroke,” and with a clinical trial number (NCT03884530)—March 21, 2019.
Performance of the HiberGene Group B Streptococcus kit, a loop-mediated isothermal amplification–based assay for GBS screening during pregnancy
Authors: Tittel-Elmer Mireille , de Tejada Begoña Martinez , Renzi Gesuele , Schrenzel Jacques 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTimely and accurate detection of Group B Streptococcus (GBS) carriage in pregnant women allows for targeted peripartum prophylaxis. Replacing culture-based screening by molecular biology assays enables faster results obtention, better targeted antibiotic prophylaxis, and reduces the laboratory workload. Here, we present a comparative analysis between a Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification assay (HiberGene GBS kit) and culture (gold-standard). The HiberGene GBS kit showed a sensitivity of 97.9% and a specificity of 96.8% compared with culture. The limit of detection was estimated at 103 cfu/ml and results were obtained within 30 min. HiberGene GBS assay can be used for peripartum GBS screening and targeted antibiotic prophylaxis provided sample processing can be swiftly performed around the clock.
Metabolomics of testosterone enanthate administration during severe-energy deficit
Authors: Stein Jesse A. , Karl J. Philip , Berryman Claire E. , Harris Melissa N. , Rood Jennifer C. , Pasiakos Stefan M. , Lieberman Harris R. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Testosterone administration attenuates reductions in total body mass and lean mass during severe energy deficit (SED).

Objectives
This study examined the effects of testosterone administration on the serum metabolome during SED.

Methods
In a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, non-obese men were randomized to receive 200-mg testosterone enanthate/wk (TEST) (n = 24) or placebo (PLA) (n = 26) during a 28-d inpatient, severe exercise- and diet-induced energy deficit. This study consisted of three consecutive phases. Participants were free-living and provided a eucaloric diet for 14-d during Phase 1. During Phase 2, participants were admitted to an inpatient unit, randomized to receive testosterone or placebo, and underwent SED for 28-d. During Phase 3, participants returned to their pre-study diet and physical activity habits. Untargeted metabolite profiling was conducted on serum samples collected during each phase. Body composition was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry after 11-d of Phase 1 and after 25-d of Phase 2 to determine changes in fat and lean mass.

Results
TEST had higher (Benjamini–Hochberg adjusted, q < 0.05) androgenic steroid and acylcarnitine, and lower (q < 0.05) amino acid metabolites after SED compared to PLA. Metabolomic differences were reversed by Phase 3. Changes in lean mass were associated (Bonferroni-adjusted, p < 0.05) with changes in androgenic steroid metabolites (r = 0.42–0.70), acylcarnitines (r = 0.37–0.44), and amino acid metabolites (r = − 0.36–− 0.37). Changes in fat mass were associated (p < 0.05) with changes in acylcarnitines (r = − 0.46–− 0.49) and changes in urea cycle metabolites (r = 0.60–0.62).

Conclusion
Testosterone administration altered androgenic steroid, acylcarnitine, and amino acid metabolites, which were associated with changes in body composition during SED.
Temporal spectral evolution of pre-stimulus brain activity in visual and visuomotor tasks
Authors: Sarrias-Arrabal Esteban , Berchicci Marika , Bianco Valentina , Vázquez-Marrufo Manuel , Perri Rinaldo Livio , Di Russo Francesco 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study was to describe the spectral features of pre-stimulus event-related potential (ERP) components elicited in visual tasks such as the Bereitschaftspotential (BP), prefrontal negativity (pN) and visual negativity (vN). ERPs are considered time-locked and phase-locked (evoked) activity, but we have also analyzed the non-phase but time-locked (induced) activity in the same interval by applying the temporal spectral evolution (TSE) method. Participants (N = 26) were tested in a passive task, a simple response task (SRT) and a discriminative response task (DRT), where EEG activity was recorded with 64 scalp electrodes. We analyzed the time-frequency modulations (phase and non-phase) prior to the onset of the stimuli in the sub-delta, delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma frequency bands. The results showed that all the pre-stimulus ERP components were mainly regulated by evoked activity in the sub-delta band. On the other hand, induced activity seems to be linked to evoked responses but with a different psychophysiological role. We concluded that other preparatory cognitive mechanisms associated with ERPs can also be detected by the TSE method. This finding may suggest underlying mechanisms in non-phase activity and requires the addition of non-phase activity analysis to the traditional analysis (phase and evoked activity).
Politisches Handeln. Zum Verhältnis von Zielorientierung und Collective Agency
Authors: Möller Kolja , Schink Philipp 
Published: November 2022

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag geht dem Verhältnis von Zielen undCollective Agencyim politischen Handeln nach. Dabei wird die These entwickelt, dass das unmittelbare Erfahren und Gestalten von gemeinsamen Handlungsverhältnissen die Zielorientierung in der Politik nicht ersetzen kann, sondern als eine wichtige Bestandsbedingung des politischen Handelns zu verstehen ist. Ausgangspunkt sind dabei Positionen, wie sie in der politischen Theorie bisher am deutlichsten von Hannah Arendt vertreten wurden und in unserer Gegenwart insbesondere in neuen sozialen Bewegungen verbreitet sind: Diesen zufolge besteht der Kern politischen Handelns in der Erfahrung einerCollective Agency. Der Beitrag rekonstruiert diesen Zugriff anhand der Schriften Hannah Arendts und verortet ihn im Umfeld bestehender Theorieansätze sowie von Erkenntnissen der Aufstands- und Rebellionsforschung. Schließlich werden handlungstheoretische Überlegungen angestellt (u. a. im Hinblick auf die Unterscheidung zwischen Haupt- und Nebenprodukten und die Zweistufigkeit in Handlungsprozessen). Sie laufen darauf hinaus, dieCollective Agencyin eine komplexere Zielorientierung aufzunehmen. Dadurch ergibt sich eine Korrektur sowohl instrumenteller Politikverständnisse als auch von Theorien, die den Sinn von Politik im Vollzug der Handlungsprozesse selbst ansiedeln.
Forschungsklausel statt Broad Consent
Authors: Hofmann Sebastian 
Published: November 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Medizininformatik-Initiative (MII), gefördert vom Bundesministerium für Bildung und
Forschung (BMBF), hat sich zum Ziel gesetzt, die Patientendaten, die im Rahmen eines Klinikaufenthalts entstehen,
bundesweit digital zu vernetzen. Während der bald auslaufenden zweiten Förderphase (2018–2022)
sollten die datenschutzrechtlichen Weichen für die Erreichung dieses Ziels durch die Schaffung eines
bundesweiten Broad Consent gestellt werden. Jedoch hat sich insbesondere der Aufklärungsprozess, der
als Wirksamkeitsvoraussetzung für den Broad Consent geleistet werden muss, in der Praxis als schwierig
umsetzbar erwiesen. Als Lösungsmöglichkeit wird im Folgenden ein Rückgriff auf die Forschungsklauseln
vorgeschlagen, ergänzt um eine sogenannte Opt-out-Lösung vergleichbar § 14 Abs. 1 Nr. 1
Saarländisches Krankenhausgesetz (SKHG).
Datenschutz und Informationssicherheit in Gaia-X
Authors: Lang Simon , Kneuper Ralf 
Published: November 2022

ZusammenfassungGaia-X ist ein Projekt zum Aufbau eines europäischen Cloud-Ökosystems, das die besonderen
Anforderungen von EU-Organisationen berücksichtigen soll. Insbesondere soll dabei eine Datensouveränität
der EU-Staaten auf Basis einer sicheren und vertrauenswürdigen Infrastruktur erreicht werden. Wesentliche
von Gaia-X umzusetzende Anforderungen sind die Unterstützung eines Datenschutzes auf EU- Niveau sowie
einer angemessenen Informationssicherheit. In diesem Beitrag wird daher die Umsetzung dieser Anforderungen
analysiert, wobei sich zeigt, dass gerade in Bezug auf den Datenschutz Gaia-X den Nutzern nur wenig Unterstützung
bietet.