bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytomegalovirus adrenalitis mimicking adrenal metastasis in an immunocompetent patient
Authors: Park Jin-soo , Ben-David Matan , McKenzie Catriona , Sandroussi Charbel 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The adrenal gland is a common site of metastasis due to its rich blood supply. Adrenalectomy is typical treatment in the management of oligometastatic disease. We present an unexpected finding of cytomegalovirus (CMV)-related adrenalitis mimicking adrenal metastasis. A 54-year-old female was reviewed with a history of BRCA2-mutated, hormone receptor-positive invasive ductal cancer of the right breast diagnosed 12 years prior. Surveillance fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) demonstrated a new focus of FDG avidity in the left adrenal gland, for which she underwent adrenalectomy. Histopathology revealed CMV-related adrenalitis in an otherwise immunocompetent patient without history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or other immunocompromise. We describe the first case of CMV adrenalitis in a patient without acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. This case was initially presumed to be adrenal metastasis in the context of disseminated metastatic breast cancer and a PET-avid left adrenal lesion.
From the state of the art to new directions in researching what Brexit means for migration and migrants
Authors: Benson Michaela , Sigona Nando , Zambelli Elena , Craven Catherine 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
What has Brexit meant for migration and migrants? How has the geopolitical repositioning of the UK in consequence of the UK’s exit from the European Union (EU) impacted on the experiences of long-established migrant communities and newly arrived migrants? In what ways are the impacts of Brexit differentially experienced across migrant communities according to, inter alia, class, gender, age, country of origin, disability, and race? How has migration scholarship addressed Brexit and its impact on migration and migration governance? And what has been the significance of migration research within this project?
This critical review of migration studies scholarship literature focussed on Brexit and migration, we draw out the dominant themes and gaps in this emergent field and consider how these reconfigure the ‘spotlights’ and ‘blindspots’ in migration research from methodological nationalism to. In this way, we identify the potential for new lines of enquiry for research on Brexit and migration.
The primordial matter power spectrum on sub-galactic scales
Authors: Gilman Daniel , Benson Andrew , Bovy Jo , Birrer Simon , Treu Tommaso , Nierenberg Anna 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTThe primordial matter power spectrum quantifies fluctuations in the distribution of dark matter immediately following inflation. Over cosmic time, overdense regions of the primordial density field grow and collapse into dark matter haloes, whose abundance and density profiles retain memory of the initial conditions. By analysing the image magnifications in 11 strongly lensed and quadruply imaged quasars, we infer the abundance and concentrations of low-mass haloes, and cast the measurement in terms of the amplitude of the primordial matter power spectrum. We anchor the power spectrum on large scales, isolating the effect of small-scale deviations from the Lambda cold dark matter (ΛCDM) prediction. Assuming an analytic model for the power spectrum and accounting for several sources of potential systematic uncertainty, including three different models for the halo mass function, we obtain correlated inferences of $\log _{10}\left(P / P_{\Lambda \rm {CDM}}\right)$, the power spectrum amplitude relative to the predictions of the concordance cosmological model, of $0.0_{-0.4}^{+0.5}$, $0.1_{-0.6}^{+0.7}$, and $0.2_{-0.9}^{+1.0}$ at k = 10, 25, and 50 $\rm {Mpc^{-1}}$ at $68 {{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ confidence, consistent with CDM and single-field slow-roll inflation.
Late Quaternary land snail faunas of the Desertas Islands (Madeira): high diversity and endemism followed by recent impoverishment and extinction
Authors: Teixeira Dinarte , Groh Klaus , Yanes Yurena , Pokryszko Beata M , Silva Isamberto , Cameron Robert A D 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
Late Quaternary deposits containing fossil snail shells were sampled from nine sites on Deserta Grande and three on Bugio, two of the three Desertas Islands in the oceanic Madeiran archipelago. In total, 3,432 shells representing 45 species or subspecies were retrieved. Calibrated amino acid racemization yielded ages ranging from &gt;45 to 6 ka, with variation by site often confounded by reworking of mostly colluvial deposits. The assemblages found are compared with the extant fauna, itself a subject of intensive recent study. Of the 45 taxa, 18 are apparently extinct, and a further 5 no longer survive on the Desertas. A similar pattern emerges when each island is considered separately. The level of local extinction (c. 50%) is greater than seen on the larger, nearby islands of Madeira and Porto Santo. There are few endemic species in the extant fauna not represented in the fossil assemblages, but there are a number of possibly adventitious species, some with wide distributions in Europe. There is little evidence of faunal change within the limits of the age range available, and extinction seems to be concentrated in the later Holocene. It is attributed to the massive habitat destruction that occurred subsequent to human occupation from the 15th century CE onwards. The study emphasizes the depauperate nature of many extant island faunas subject to human disturbance.
Inherited genetics of adult diffuse glioma and polygenic risk scores—a review
Authors: Eckel-Passow Jeanette E , Lachance Daniel H , Decker Paul A , Kollmeyer Thomas M , Kosel Matthew L , Drucker Kristen L , Slager Susan , Wrensch Margaret , Tobin W Oliver , Jenkins Robert B 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Knowledge about inherited and acquired genetics of adult diffuse glioma has expanded significantly over the past decade. Genomewide association studies (GWAS) stratified by histologic subtype identified six germline variants that were associated specifically with glioblastoma (GBM) and 12 that were associated with lower grade glioma. A GWAS performed using the 2016 WHO criteria, stratifying patients by IDH mutation and 1p/19q codeletion (as well as TERT promoter mutation), discovered that many of the known variants are associated with specific WHO glioma subtypes. In addition, the GWAS stratified by molecular group identified two additional novel regions: variants in D2HGDH that were associated with tumors that had an IDH mutation and a variant near FAM20C that was associated with tumors that had both IDH mutation and 1p/19q codeletion. The results of these germline associations have been used to calculate polygenic risk scores, from which to estimate relative and absolute risk of overall glioma and risk of specific glioma subtypes. We will review the concept of polygenic risk models and their potential clinical utility, as well as discuss the published adult diffuse glioma polygenic risk models. To date, these prior genetic studies have been done on European populations. Using the published glioma polygenic risk model, we show that the genetic associations published to date do not generalize across genetic ancestries, demonstrating that genetic studies need to be done on more diverse populations.
N,N-dimethylformamide tailors solvent effect to boost Zn anode reversibility in aqueous electrolyte
Authors: Ma Yilin , Zhang Qiu , Liu Luojia , Li Yixin , Li Haixia , Yan Zhenhua , Chen Jun 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Rechargeable aqueous Zn batteries are considered as promising energy-storage devices because of their high capacity, environmental friendliness and low cost. However, the hydrogen evolution reaction and growth of dendritic Zn in common aqueous electrolytes severely restrict the application of Zn batteries. Here, we develop a simple strategy to suppress side reactions and boost the reversibility of the Zn electrode. By introducing 30% (volume fractions) N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) to the 2 M Zn(CF3SO3)2–H2O electrolyte (ZHD30), the preferential hydrogen-bonding effect between DMF and H2O effectively reduces the water activity and hinders deprotonation of the electrolyte. The ZHD30 electrolyte improves the Zn plating/stripping coulombic efficiency from ∼95.3% to ∼99.4% and enhances the cycles from 65 to 300. The Zn–polyaniline full battery employing the ZHD30 electrolyte can operate over a wide temperature range from –40°C to +25°C and deliver capacities of 161.6, 127.4 and 65.8 mAh g–1 at 25, –20 and –40°C, respectively. This work provides insights into the role of tuning solvent effects in designing low-cost and effective aqueous electrolytes.
Singlewomen in the Late Medieval Mediterranean
Authors: Armstrong-Partida Michelle , McDonough Susan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This article challenges a long-entrenched model of two discrete marital regimes in northern and southern Europe. Demographer John Hajnal argued in 1965 that a distinctive north-western European Marriage Pattern emerged post-1700 when a large population of unmarried men and women married in their early to late twenties and formed their own household rather than join a multi-generational household. The corollary to this argument is that women in southern Europe married young and universally, and thus rarely entered into domestic service. Medievalists have embraced and repeated this paradigm, shaping assumptions about the Mediterranean as less developed or ‘less European’ than the north and ignoring the experience of women enslaved throughout the region.
Notaries and judicial officials in medieval Barcelona, Valencia, Mallorca, Marseille, Palermo, Venice, Famagusta and Crete recognized singlewomen owning property, buying, selling and manumitting enslaved people, appointing procurators, committing crimes and making wills. We reintegrate the experiences of singlewomen, both enslaved and free, into the daily life of the medieval Mediterranean. Understanding how these women made community, survived economically and participated in the legal and notarial cultures of their cities reframes our understanding of women’s options outside marriage in the medieval past.
Passivity on the Board of Directors
Authors: Yung Chris 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A CEO proposes a strategic plan to a board of directors acting in an advisory role. Each director supports the plan, opposes it, or delays speaking until other directors act. The option to delay suppresses dissent from bad plans in equilibrium. Delay has a pronounced impact for important decisions and for firms with reputable CEOs who make few errors. I investigate the role of ordering, that is, when directors should be invited to speak as a function of their signal precision.
Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: From Cell Origin, Genomic Stability, and Epigenetic Memory to Translational Medicine
Authors: Poetsch Mareike S , Strano Anna , Guan Kaomei 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The potential of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to self-renew indefinitely and to differentiate virtually into any cell type in unlimited quantities makes them attractive for in vitro disease modeling, drug screening, personalized medicine, and regenerative therapies. As the genome of iPSCs thoroughly reproduces that of the somatic cells from which they are derived, they may possess genetic abnormalities, which would seriously compromise their utility and safety. Genetic aberrations could be present in donor somatic cells and then transferred during iPSC generation, or they could occur as de novo mutations during reprogramming or prolonged cell culture. Therefore, to warrant the safety of human iPSCs for clinical applications, analysis of genetic integrity, particularly during iPSC generation and differentiation, should be carried out on a regular basis. On the other hand, reprogramming of somatic cells to iPSCs requires profound modifications in the epigenetic landscape. Changes in chromatin structure by DNA methylations and histone tail modifications aim to reset the gene expression pattern of somatic cells to facilitate and establish self-renewal and pluripotency. However, residual epigenetic memory influences the iPSC phenotype, which may affect their application in disease therapeutics. The present review discusses the somatic cell origin, genetic stability, and epigenetic memory of iPSCs and their impact on basic and translational research.
Beneficial Ownership Registers: The STEP Handbook for Advisers (Consulting Editor: Paolo Panico)
Authors: Cutbill Clive 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Beneficial Ownership Registers’, the latest edition in the ‘ST EP Handbook for Advisers’series is reviewed. Its exposition of the varied approaches adopted in the EEA following therecent transposition dates of the EU's Fourth and Fifth Anti-money Laundering Directives,which together require the maintenance of publicly accessible beneficial ownership registers,is discussed alongside its description of the approaches adopted in the Crown Dependenciesand the USA and against the historical background to the identification of the ‘beneficialowners’ of trusts and other entities and legal arrangements within the EU.
Diversity and Aggressiveness of Rhizoctonia spp. from Nebraska on Soybean and Cross-Pathogenicity to Corn and Wheat
Authors: Kodati Srikanth , Gambhir Nikita , Yuen Gary , Adesemoye Anthony O. , Everhart Sydney E. 
Published: March 2022

Rhizoctonia and Rhizoctonia-like species of fungi that cause disease are known to have varying host ranges and aggressiveness. Accurate identification of these species causing disease is important for soybean disease management that relies upon crop rotation. The anamorphic genus Rhizoctonia contains several diverse species and anastomosis groups (AGs) including some known soybean pathogens, such as Rhizoctonia solani, whereas for others the ability to cause disease on soybean has not been well described. The present study was conducted to identify the predominant species and AG of Rhizoctonia from soybean, corn, and wheat fields that are pathogenic on soybean and characterize cross-pathogenicity to common rotational crops, corn and wheat. We surveyed for Rhizoctonia spp. in Nebraska; isolates were identified to species and AG, and aggressiveness was assessed. A total of 59 R. zeae isolates, 49 R. solani, nine binucleate Rhizoctonia, three R. circinata, and two R. oryzae isolates were collected in 2016 and 2017 from a total of 29 fields in 15 counties. The most abundant R. solani AGs were AG-4, AG-1 IB, AG-2-1, AG-3, and AG-5. R. solani AG-4 and R. zeae were found in all three regions of the state (west, central, and eastern). Some isolates that were most aggressive to soybean seedlings were cross-pathogenic on both wheat and corn. In addition, R. zeae was pathogenic on soybean when evaluated at 25°C, which is warmer than temperatures used previously, and isolates were identified that were aggressive on soybean and cross-pathogenic on both corn and wheat.
PAs and point-of-care ultrasound
Authors: Zak Courtney L. , Monti Jonathan D. 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT

Objective:
Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) has rapidly emerged as a valuable tool in the bedside assessment of patients. This scoping review summarizes existing literature covering clinical use and educational integration of POCUS by physician assistants (PAs), with the overall goal of identifying gaps in POCUS research involving the PA profession.

Methods:
Keyword searches of PubMed, EMBASE, Medline, and Google Scholar were conducted. Studies assessing PA POCUS use or accuracy; those evaluating extent, method, or value of POCUS educational integration; and those assessing the effect of POCUS training interventions were included.

Results:
Of the 717 studies retrieved, 30 met inclusion criteria. Studies generally demonstrated that PAs can use a fairly wide range of POCUS applications with high accuracy, but that POCUS integration into PA programs remains limited because of a number of identified barriers.

Conclusions:
Machine availability and insufficient POCUS training and education opportunities limit widespread clinical use of POCUS by PAs.
Acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Powers Kristen 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a severe, often fatal, lung condition frequently seen in patients in the ICU. ARDS is triggered by an inciting event such as pneumonia or sepsis, which is followed by an inappropriate host inflammatory response that results in pulmonary edema and impaired gas exchange, and may progress to fibrosis. With the increased spotlight and discussion focused on ARDS during the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare providers must be able to identify and manage symptoms based on evidence-based research.
An algorithm for successfully managing anterior shoulder instability
Authors: Petterson Stephanie C. , Agyapong Gerald , Brite Jasmine E. , Shanmugam Jaya , Briggs Karen K. , Plancher Kevin D. 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
The most common form of shoulder instability involves the anterior glenohumeral joint. Often it is associated with labral and bony injuries with subsequent recurrent instability. To determine optimal management, clinicians should perform a detailed history and physical examination, including appropriate diagnostic imaging to assess for concomitant humeral and glenoid bony deficiencies and other soft-tissue pathologies. Early surgical intervention may reduce risk of recurrence, particularly in young, active athletes. This article highlights the relevant anatomy, pathoanatomy, diagnostic examination including radiologic imaging, management, and prevention of complications for anterior shoulder instability. Minimizing recurrence is key to restoring function for patients to safely return to recreational and sporting activities, and to perform activities of daily living.
Factors associated with burden among male caregivers for people with dementia
Authors: Tsai Chia-Fen , Huang Mao-Hsuan , Lee Jun-Jun , Jhang Kai-Ming , Huang Ling-Chun , Huang Li-Kai , Lee Wei-Ju , Sung Pi-Shan , Liu Yi-Chien , Ouyang Wen-Chen , Cheng Chih-Ming , Hsu Chih-Cheng , Fuh Jong-Ling 
Published: March 2022

Background:
There is a dearth of information on male dementia caregivers in Asia and, in particular, on the factors relating to caregiver burden. We aimed to identify factors that may be associated with burden among male caregivers of people with dementia (PWD).

Methods:
Data were collected from a national dementia registration survey. The caregiver burden was measured with the short version of the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI). We analyzed the correlation between ZBI scores and variables, such as demographic data of PWD and their male caregivers, caregivers’ monthly income, the relationship between PWD and caregivers, the severity of dementia, physical comorbidities and activities of daily living (ADL) of PWD, and neuropsychiatric symptoms assessed by the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI).

Results:
A total of 509 PWD and their male caregivers were included. The majority of caregivers were sons (72.1%) and husbands (22.0%). Sons had higher ZBI scores than husbands (28.5 ± 15.2 vs 22.0 ± 17.0; p < 0.001). Multivariable linear regression showed that sons as caregivers (β = 7.44, p = 0.034), ADL (β = 0.52, p = 0.002) and NPI_severity subscore of apathy (β = 2.74, p = 0.001) were positively associated with ZBI scores.

Conclusion:
Poor ADL and apathy in PWD and being a patient's son were associated with higher levels of burden among male dementia caregivers. Effective interventions are needed to assist male caregivers in accomplishing their caregiving role and at the same time to alleviate their caregiver burden.
The Effects of Instrumental Balance Training on Balance in Individuals with Unilateral Transtibial Amputation: A Pilot Study
Authors: Kirdi Elif , Yalcin Ali , Keklicek Hilal , Topuz Semra , Ulger Ozlem , Yazicioglu Gul 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
With the loss of a lower limb, an individual with amputation may face impaired gait and balance. Different rehabilitation techniques can be used to deal with those functional disabilities. The purpose of this study was to determine whether computerized balance training could have any possible effects on balance in individuals with unilateral transtibial amputation.

Materials and Methods
A total of 16 subjects who used a prosthesis in their daily life and were between 18 and 65 years of age were included in the study. Individuals were randomly divided into two groups: control group (CG) (n = 7) trained with traditional prosthetic rehabilitation and the experimental group (EG) (n = 9) trained with computerized balance training for five sessions for 2 weeks. Percentage of prosthetic weight bearing (PWB) timed up and go test (TUG), single-leg stance test (SLST), postural sway score, and limits of stability (LoS) were evaluated at baseline and posttreatment.

Results
No significant differences were observed in between-group comparisons after treatment. Within-group comparison showed that PWB, SLST, and LoS score increased in EG, whereas only PWB increased in CG.

Conclusions
Similar results were revealed with both computerized and traditional prosthetic training. Although there were no significant differences in between-group comparisons, computerized balance training improved the amputated side single-leg stance and stability limits, which are highly related to fall risk in individuals with amputation.

Clinical Relevance
Clinical relevance: Usage of computerized balance training can be helpful to improve single-leg stance and LoS in individuals with transtibial amputation.
Transient hypoalgesia after COVID-19 infection
Authors: Becker Juliane , Papagianni Aikaterini , Herrmann Eva , Nöller Frank , Sommer Claudia , Rittner Heike L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Introduction:
Loss of smell or taste are often-cited complications during COVID-19 disease, but there is no clear evidence for affection of the peripheral nervous system.

Methods:
Here, we report a 48-year-old man presenting with persistent dysgeusia and hypoalgesia of the lower legs, hands, and cheeks after COVID-19 infection in Spring 2020.

Results:
Upon clinical examination 7 months after the infection, the patient could not feel pain after pinprick stimuli. Quantitative sensory testing revealed increased thermal detection thresholds at the face but no changes at the foot. Electrical C-fiber stimulation elicited lower pain ratings at the distal leg compared with the proximal leg, but overall higher pain ratings than in healthy control subjects. The axon flare reaction in response to histamine and acetylcholine was almost absent with no pain sensation. Skin punch biopsy revealed a reduced intraepidermal nerve fiber density at the lower leg, and transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 and calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactivity were similar to a healthy control. Symptoms and positive tests improved 5 months later.

Conclusion:
In summary, we describe a case of hypoalgesia after COVID-19 disease. Studies investigating long-COVID syndrome should test not only for painful neuropathic symptoms but also for hypoalgesia, especially in patients with prolonged dysgeusia.