bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A deep learning algorithm to quantify AVF stenosis and predict 6-month primary patency: a pilot study
Authors: Park Jae Hyon , Yoon Jongjin , Park Insun , Sim Yongsik , Kim Soo Jin , Won Jong Yun , Han Kichang 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundA deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) model that predicts the degree of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) stenosis and 6-month primary patency (PP) based on AVF shunt sounds was developed, and was compared with various machine learning (ML) models trained on patients’ clinical data.MethodsForty dysfunctional AVF patients were recruited prospectively, and AVF shunt sounds were recorded before and after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty using a wireless stethoscope. The audio files were converted to melspectrograms to predict the degree of AVF stenosis and 6-month PP. The diagnostic performance of the melspectrogram-based DCNN model (ResNet50) was compared with that of other ML models [i.e. logistic regression (LR), decision tree (DT) and support vector machine (SVM)], as well as the DCNN model (ResNet50) trained on patients’ clinical data.ResultsMelspectrograms qualitatively reflected the degree of AVF stenosis by exhibiting a greater amplitude at mid-to-high frequency in the systolic phase with a more severe degree of stenosis, corresponding to a high-pitched bruit. The proposed melspectrogram-based DCNN model successfully predicted the degree of AVF stenosis. In predicting the 6-month PP, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the melspectrogram-based DCNN model (ResNet50) (≥0.870) outperformed that of various ML models based on clinical data (LR, 0.783; DT, 0.766; SVM, 0.733) and that of the spiral-matrix DCNN model (0.828).ConclusionThe proposed melspectrogram-based DCNN model successfully predicted the degree of AVF stenosis and outperformed ML-based clinical models in predicting 6-month PP.
Risks and outcomes of critical limb ischemia in hemodialysis patients: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Hsieh Mu-Yang , Chuang Shao-Yuan , Lee Chih-Kuo , Luo Chien-Ming , Cheng Chi-Hung , Liao Min-Tsun , Lin Po-Lin , Yang Ten-Fang , Wu Chih-Cheng 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundPeripheral arterial disease (PAD) is more common in patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis than in the general population. Critical limb ischemia (CLI), the most severe form of PAD, is associated with high amputation and mortality risk. However, few prospective studies are available evaluating this disease's presentation, risk factors and outcomes for patients receiving hemodialysis.MethodsThe Hsinchu VA study, a prospective multicentre study, investigated the impact of clinical factors on cardiovascular outcomes of patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis from January 2008 until December 2021. We evaluated the presentations and outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed PAD and the correlations of clinical variables with newly diagnosed CLI.ResultsOf 1136 study participants, 1038 had no PAD on enrolment. After a median follow-up period of 3.3 years, 128 had newly diagnosed PAD. Of these, 65 presented with CLI, and 25 underwent amputation or died from PAD. Patients presenting with CLI had more below-the-knee (52%) and multi-level (41%) disease, and completely occluded segments (41%), and higher risk for amputation or PAD-related death compared with patients without CLI (27.7% vs 9.5%, P = .01). After multivariate adjustment, disability, diabetes mellitus, current smoking and atrial fibrillation were significantly associated with newly diagnosed CLI.ConclusionsPatients undergoing hemodialysis had higher rates of newly diagnosed CLI than the general population. Those with disabilities, diabetes mellitus, smoking and atrial fibrillation may require careful examination for PAD. Trial registration: Hsinchu VA study, ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04692636.
Clinical Effect of Mirikizumab Treatment on Bowel Urgency in Patients with Moderately to Severely Active Ulcerative Colitis and the Clinical Relevance of Bowel Urgency Improvement for Disease Remission
Authors: Dubinsky Marla C , Clemow David B , Hunter Gibble Theresa , Li Xingyuan , Vermeire Severine , Hisamatsu Tadakazu , Travis Simon P L 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
Bowel urgency reduces ulcerative colitis patients' quality of life. Mirikizumab, a p19-directed anti-IL-23 antibody, demonstrates ulcerative colitis efficacy. Mirikizumab efficacy to reduce bowel urgency and bowel urgency association with other endpoints were analyzed in 2 Phase 3 trials.

Methods
LUCENT-1 (Induction): 1162 patients randomized 3:1 to intravenous 300 mg mirikizumab or placebo every 4 weeks for 12 weeks. LUCENT-2 (Maintenance): 544 mirikizumab responders during induction were re-randomized 2:1 to subcutaneous mirikizumab 200 mg or placebo every 4 weeks for 40 weeks (52 weeks of continuous treatment). Bowel urgency was measured using the Urgency Numeric Rating Scale (0–10); for patients with LUCENT-1 baseline score ≥3, bowel urgency clinically meaningful improvement (≥3-point decrease) and remission (score ≤1) rates in mirikizumab versus placebo groups were compared at Weeks 12 and 52. Associations between bowel urgency and other efficacy endpoints were assessed at Weeks 12 and 52.

Results
A significantly higher proportion of mirikizumab patients versus placebo achieved clinically meaningful improvement in bowel urgency and remission at Weeks 12 and 52. Significantly higher percentages of patients achieving bowel urgency clinically meaningful improvement or remission, compared with those who did not, also achieved endpoints for clinical, corticosteroid-free, endoscopic, and symptomatic remission; clinical response; normalized fecal calprotectin and C-reactive protein; and improved quality of life.

Conclusions
In patients with ulcerative colitis, bowel urgency improvement was associated with better clinical outcomes than in patients without improvement during induction and maintenance. A greater proportion of mirikizumab patients achieved sustainable bowel urgency improvement and remission compared to placebo patients.
Evaluation of Alfalfa Fields and Pastures as Sources ofSpissistilus festinus(Hemiptera: Membracidae): Quantification of Reproductive and Nutritional Parameters
Authors: Sisterson Mark S , Dwyer Donal P , Uchima Sean Y 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe threecornered alfalfa hopper (Spissistilus festinus) is a pest of grapevine, with damage caused by transmission of grapevine red blotch virus. Because grapevine is not a preferred host of the threecornered alfalfa hopper, abundance in vineyards depends on proximity to source habitats and presence of preferred hosts in vineyard understories. The potential for alfalfa fields and pastures in the Central Valley of California to serve as sources of threecornered alfalfa hopper was evaluated by quantifying parameters associated with threecornered alfalfa hopper reproductive and nutritional status. Laboratory studies determined that the threecornered alfalfa hopper is synovigenic, emerging as an adult prior to initiation of oogenesis and that females have multiple rounds of egg production. Alfalfa fields, irrigated pastures, and vineyards were sampled monthly. Adults were observed year-round in alfalfa fields and pastures, with populations peaking in fall. Gravid females were observed from February through November. While rare, adult threecornered alfalfa hoppers were collected from 2 of 4 sampled vineyards. In spring, adults were observed in samples collected from vineyard ground cover. In fall, adults were observed in samples collected from vineyard ground cover and foliage samples. Samples collected from pastures and vineyards were male biased, whereas equal numbers of males and females were observed in alfalfa fields. Adults collected from alfalfa fields were larger, heavier, and had greater estimated energetic reserves than adults collected from pastures. Adults collected from vineyards were of above average size and had relatively high estimated energetic reserves. Results suggest that alfalfa fields are more likely to serve as sources of threecornered alfalfa hoppers than irrigated pastures and that differences in male and female behavior may affect rates of pathogen transmission.
Gut microbial community supplementation and reduction modulates African armyworm susceptibility to a baculovirus
Authors: Donkersley Philip , Rice Annabel , Graham Robert I , Wilson Kenneth 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Gut microbiota stimulates the immune system and inhibits pathogens, and thus, it is critical for disease prevention. Probiotics represent an effective alternative to antibiotics used for the therapy and prevention of bacterial diseases. Probiotic bacteria are commonly used in vertebrates, although their use in invertebrates is still rare. We manipulated the gut microbiome of the African Armyworm (Spodoptera exempta Walker) using antibiotics and field-collected frass, in an attempt to understand the interactions of the gut microbiome with the nucleopolyhedrovirus, SpexNPV. We found that S. exempta individuals with supplemented gut microbiome were significantly more resistant to SpexNPV, relative to those with a typical laboratory gut microbiome. Illumina MiSeq sequencing revealed the bacterial phyla in the S. exempta gut belonged to 28 different classes. Individuals with an increased abundance of Lactobacillales had a higher probability of surviving viral infection. In contrast, there was an increased abundance of Enterobacteriales and Pseudomonadales in individuals dying from viral infection, corresponding with decreased abundance of these two Orders in surviving caterpillars, suggesting a potential role for them in modulating the interaction between the host and its pathogen. These results have important implications for laboratory studies testing biopesticides.
Impacts of an invasive filter-feeder on bacterial biodiversity are context dependent
Authors: Dahal Nikesh , Glyshaw Paul , Carter Glenn , Vanderploeg Henry A , Denef Vincent J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Bacteria represent most of the biodiversity and play key roles in virtually every ecosystem. In doing so, bacteria act as part of complex communities shaped by interactions across all domains of life. Here, we report on direct interactions between bacteria and dreissenid mussels, a group of invasive filter-feeders threatening global aquatic systems due to high filtration rates. Previous studies showed that dreissenids can impact bacterial community structure by changing trait distributions and abundances of specific taxa. However, studies on bacterial community effects were conducted using water from Lake Michigan (an oligotrophic lake) only, and it is unknown whether similar patterns are observed in systems with differing nutrient regimes. We conducted ten short-term dreissenid grazing experiments in 2019 using water from two eutrophic lake regions—the western basin of Lake Erie and Saginaw Bay in Lake Huron. Predation by dreissenids led to decline in overall bacterial abundance and diversity in both lakes. However, feeding on bacteria was not observed during every experiment. We also found that traits related to feeding resistance are less phylogenetically conserved than previously thought. Our results highlight the role of temporal, spatial, and genomic heterogeneity in bacterial response dynamics to a globally important invasive filter feeder.
Identification of European isolates of the lager yeast parent Saccharomyces eubayanus
Authors: Bergin Sean A , Allen Stephen , Hession Conor , Ó Cinnéide Eoin , Ryan Adam , Byrne Kevin P , Ó Cróinín Tadhg , Wolfe Kenneth H , Butler Geraldine 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Lager brewing first occurred in Bavaria in the 15th century, associated with restrictions of brewing to colder months. The lager yeast, Saccharomyces pastorianus, is cold tolerant. It is a hybrid between Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces eubayanus, and has been found only in industrial settings. Natural isolates of S. eubayanus were first discovered in Patagonia 11 years ago. They have since been isolated from China, Tibet, New Zealand, and North America, but not from Europe. Here, we describe the first European strains UCD646 and UCD650, isolated from a wooded area on a university campus in Dublin, Ireland. We generated complete chromosome level assemblies of both genomes using long- and short-read sequencing. The UCD isolates belong to the Holarctic clade. Genome analysis shows that isolates similar to the Irish strains contributed to the S. eubayanus component of S. pastorianus, but isolates from Tibet made a larger contribution.
Stendhal’s Consumptive Heroine:
Lamiel
and Tuberculosis
Authors: Jones Sarah 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

This article offers a close reading of Stendhal’s
Lamiel
, arguing that the eponymous heroine suffers from, but also manipulates the symptoms of, the quintessentially nineteenth-century disease, consumption. It first establishes Lamiel as a consumptive heroine by comparing the novel to contemporary medical discourse on the disease, most notably to the work of René Laënnec. It then analyses the
fausse phtisie
scene, a passage in which Lamiel uses the blood of a dead bird to simulate haemoptysis, contending that the performative nature of Lamiel’s illness is of primary importance. Comparing
Lamiel
to other Stendhal novels, the article highlights that the heroine asserts her own identity by assuming abjection, whereas other characters are threatened by the abject. It further demonstrates that this scene amounts to Lamiel’s rejection of Romantic tropes of passive female patienthood, arguing that the novel forges a new mould for the representation of consumptive heroines. This article contributes to our understanding of how literature can manipulate, undermine, and even reject medical and cultural paradigms of illnesses as ubiquitous to the nineteenth century as tuberculosis.
What is constitutional interpretation?
Authors: de Almeida Ribeiro Gonçalo 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Constitutional interpretation is usually assumed to be a particular kind of legislative interpretation—particular, because constitutions have characteristics of their own, yet legislative interpretation all the same, because constitutions are written laws enacted by a (supreme) political authority. This article argues that the legislative paradigm is ill-suited to constitutional interpretation, for it represents an encroachment of the ontology of legality on the realm of constitutionality. Making sense of an object as a constitutional norm presupposes the a priori category of the constitution, understood as a substantive category in its own right, as intimated in the tradition of liberal democratic constitutionalism. It is this presupposition that makes constitutional meaning possible and justifies considering constitutional interpretation as something peculiar to itself, seriously downplaying the significance of contingencies of form, language, structure, and history in constitutional argument.
Integrative Genetic Manipulation of Plasmodium cynomolgi Reveals Multidrug Resistance-1 Y976F Associated With Increased In Vitro Susceptibility to Mefloquine
Authors: Ward Kurt E , Christensen Peter , Racklyeft Annie , Dhingra Satish K , Chua Adeline C Y , Remmert Caroline , Suwanarusk Rossarin , Matheson Jessica , Blackman Michael J , Kaneko Osamu , Kyle Dennis E , Lee Marcus C S , Moon Robert W , Snounou Georges , Rénia Laurent , Fidock David A , Russell Bruce , Bifani Pablo 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The lack of a long-term in vitro culture method has severely restricted the study of Plasmodium vivax, in part because it limits genetic manipulation and reverse genetics. We used the recently optimized Plasmodium cynomolgi Berok in vitro culture model to investigate the putative P. vivax drug resistance marker MDR1 Y976F. Introduction of this mutation using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats–CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR-Cas9) increased sensitivity to mefloquine, but had no significant effect on sensitivity to chloroquine, amodiaquine, piperaquine, and artesunate. To our knowledge, this is the first reported use of CRISPR-Cas9 in P. cynomolgi, and the first reported integrative genetic manipulation of this species.
Small RNA sequencing and profiling of serum-derived exosomes from African swine fever virus-infected pigs
Authors: Truong Anh Duc , Kang Suyeon , Dang Hoang Vu , Hong Yeojin , Vu Thi Hao , Heo Jubi , Chu Nhu Thi , Nguyen Huyen Thi , Tran Ha Thi Thanh , Hong Yeong Ho 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAfrican swine fever (ASF) virus (ASFV) is responsible for one of the most severe swine diseases worldwide, with a morbidity rate of up to 100%; no vaccines or antiviral medicines are available against the virus. Exosomal miRNAs from individual cells can regulate the immune response to infectious diseases. In this study, pigs were infected with an ASFV Pig/HN/07 strain that was classified as acute form, and exosomal miRNA expression in the serum of infected pigs was analyzed using small RNA sequencing (small RNA-seq). Twenty-seven differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs were identified in the ASFV-infected pigs compared to that in the uninfected controls. Of these, 10 were upregulated and 17 were downregulated in the infected pigs. All DE miRNAs were analyzed using gene ontology (GO) terms and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database, and the DE miRNAs were found to be highly involved in T-cell receptor signaling, cGMP-PKG signaling, Toll-like receptor, MAPK signaling, and mTOR signaling pathways. Furthermore, the Cytoscape network analysis identified the network of interactions between DE miRNAs and target genes. Finally, the transcription levels of four miRNA genes (ssc-miR-24-3p, ssc-miR-130b-3p, ssc-let-7a, and ssc-let-7c) were examined using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and were found to be consistent with the small RNA-seq data. These DE miRNAs were associated with cellular genes involved in the pathways related to immune response, virus–host interactions, and several viral genes. Overall, our findings provide an important reference and improve our understanding of ASF pathogenesis and the immune or protective responses during an acute infection in the host.
Reliability, Validity, and Predictive Validity of Cutaneous Functional Units Predicted to Scar Following Palmar Burn Injury in Young Children
Authors: Thomas Rhianydd , Wicks Stephanie , Toose Claire , Dale Marita , Pacey Verity 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIdentification of children at risk of palmar burn scar is important for early initiation of scar management. This study determined the interrater reliability of face-to-face and photographic assessments of 29 palmar cutaneous functional units (CFUs) predicted to scar following palmar burn. The validity of photographic compared to face-to-face assessment, and the predictive validity of both assessment types to identify scarring at 3 to 6 months following burn, was also established. Thirty-nine children (40 hands) post burn injury were assessed face-to-face in the clinical setting, following healing of their palmar burn, by three burn therapists. Photographs of the children’s hands at initial assessment were assessed by the same therapists a minimum of 6 months later. To determine which CFUs scarred, children were reassessed face-to-face in the clinical setting 3 to 6 months following their burn. For analysis, 29 CFUs were merged into eight separate groups to determine the number of CFUs predicted to scar per CFU group for face-to-face and photographic assessments. The range of agreement for individual CFUs within CFU groups was also calculated for both assessment types. Excellent interrater reliability was established for face-to-face assessment in all eight CFU groups (ICC2,1 0.83–0.96). Photographic assessment demonstrated good to excellent interrater reliability in six CFU groups (ICC2,1 0.69–0.90) and validity in seven CFU groups (ICC2,1 0.66–0.87). Good to excellent predictive validity was established for both assessment types in seven CFU groups (face-to-face ICC2,1 0.60–0.95, photographic ICC2,1 0.69–0.89). Experienced therapists can reliably assess CFUs face-to-face or via photographs and predict future scar development.
The Legal Protection of Freshwater Resources and Related Installations during Warfare
Authors: Tignino Mara , Kebebew Tadesse 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Armed conflicts have an impact on freshwater resources and often damage water installations, which could be targeted or incidentally damaged, affecting water quality and quantity and limiting access for the civilian population. Thus, in situations of armed conflict, protecting freshwater resources and related installations becomes essential. International humanitarian law (IHL) and international environmental law (IEL) provide for relevant rules that limit the impact of armed conflicts on freshwater and water infrastructure. IHL protects civilian objects, objects indispensable to the survival of the civilian population, works and installations containing dangerous forces and the natural environment. It also prohibits employing poison or poisonous weapons and environmental modification techniques. IEL regulates the sustainable and environmentally sound use, development and management of water resources. Progress in the realm of the human right to water and the rise of environmental consciousness further necessitate an eco-friendly approach that recognizes comprehensive protection. Therefore, this article examines the interplay between IEL and IHL, explaining how IEL can contribute to the interpretation of IHL rules and exploring areas where IEL could complement IHL rules relevant to the protection of freshwater resources and related installations during warfare.
Logic, co-ordination and the envelope of our beliefs
Authors: Parikh Rohit 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Each of us has a story which we can think of as a set of beliefs, hopefully consistent. We make our decisions in view of our beliefs which may be probabilistic, in the general case, but simple yes or no as in this paper. Our beliefs are our envelope just as the shell of a tortoise is its envelope. Decision theory—or single agent game theory tells us when to make the best choice in a game of us against nature. But nature has no desire to further or frustrate our efforts. Nature is mysterious but not malign. Things change when there are other agents involved. Then the best thing for us to do will depend on what they do. And they will think the same. And we predict their actions in terms of what we think their beliefs are. But how do we coordinate with others whose beliefs are different? This paper addresses the issue of working together despite different beliefs.
Similar SARS-CoV-2 Ct Value Distributions in Anterior Nares versus Nasopharyngeal Samples from Symptomatic Children during Delta and Omicron Surges
Authors: Rattan Ankit , Joerger Jill , Williams David , Pollock Nira R 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn symptomatic children tested for COVID-19 by PCR during both Delta and Omicron surges, Cycle threshold value medians and distributions in anterior nares (AN) and nasopharyngeal (NP) samples were very similar, suggesting similar yield of NP and AN sampling for SARS-CoV-2 PCR testing in symptomatic children.