bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of exophthalmometry values in the North Indian population
Authors: Revankar Shruti , Mehta Anuj 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:
To determine exophthalmometry values (EV) in the north Indian population and to find its correlation with the age, gender, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), locality, and base value of the population.

Methods:
A total of 1000 eligible participants with 504 females and 496 males with age >5 years were included in this observational cross-sectional study. Age, gender, and locality of the subjects were noted. Hertel’s exophthalmometry was performed on all subjects. The exophthalmometry values and base values were recorded. Height and weight were measured for all participants. BMI was calculated using the parameters.

Results:
The overall mean exophthalmometry value (mm) was 14.94 ± 2.43 mm with a range between 8 and 22 mm. There was no significant difference in EV between the two eyes. Males recorded a significantly higher mean EV of 15.4 ± 2.51 mm as compared to females with a value of 14.49 ± 2.27 mm. Base value of Hertel’s exophthalmometer had a mean value 100.78 ± 5.63 mm and a range of 84–120 mm. Age, height, weight, BMI, and locality of the subjects were found to have a significant effect on the exophthalmometry as well as the base value of the population. A significant correlation was also seen between exophthalmometry values and base values of the population.

Conclusion:
Our study provided the normal exophthalmometric range for the north Indian population and also demonstrated the relationship of age, gender, height, weight, BMI, locality, and base value with the exophthalmometric values.
Study of anxiety in patients with glaucoma undergoing standard automated perimetry and optical coherence tomography - A prospective comparative study
Authors: Kaliaperumal Subashini , Janani V S , Menon Vikas , Sarkar Sandip , Behera Geeta , Kattamani Shivanand 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:
To compare the anxiety levels related to visual field testing and optical coherence tomography (OCT) in patients with glaucoma.

Methods:
This prospective, comparative study was conducted on patients with glaucoma. The participants’ anxiety traits were assessed using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory [STAI]. Before visual field testing on Humphrey visual field analyzer (HVF) and retinal nerve fiber analysis on OCT, the participants completed Form Y1 to measure the current pretest level or ‘State’ anxiety [pretest anxiety]. Immediately after testing, participants were administered the Form Y1 questionnaire to assess the induced anxiety level during the testing [Intratest anxiety].

Results:
A total of 228 patients were enrolled with 152 participants in the HVF group and 76 in the OCT group. The mean age of the participants in the HVF group was 57.2 ± 20.8 years and in the OCT group was 56.8 ± 20 years. There was no significant difference in trait and pretest anxiety between the HVF group and the OCT group (P = 0.971 and P = 0.716). Intratest test anxiety score was slightly higher in the HVF group (HVF: 42.13 ± 10.63, OCT: 40.71 ± 9.76; P = 0.33). The anxiety scores were higher when the experience of previous HVF tests was <2 and least when the number of tests exceeded five.

Conclusion:
Automated perimetry induces slightly more anxiety than OCT, which may affect test performance. The measured anxiety reduces as patients gain familiarity with the test with experience. This adds credence to the recommendation of more frequent visual field testing in newly diagnosed glaucoma patients.
Malignant Melanotic Nerve Sheath Tumors: A Review of Clinicopathologic and Molecular Characteristics
Authors: Hammad Rawan M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Malignant melanotic nerve sheath tumor (MMNST) which was formerly known as melanocytic schwannoma, is an uncommon aggressive type of nerve sheath tumor. It originates from nerve roots with clonal Schwann cell proliferation and melanin pigment production. MMNST which was once thought to be a benign tumor is now considered a malignant disease based on the latest 2020 World Health Organization classification of soft tissue tumors. Interestingly, despite the histologic features appearing benign with a low proliferation index, the clinical course of this tumor is malignant, which was demonstrated in case series with high rate of recurrences and metastasis. This tumor can occur sporadically or in patients with an underlying familial predisposition syndrome called, Carney’s complex. Affected patients will often harbor a germline mutation in the PRKAR1A gene. MMNST can be histologically difficult to distinguish from malignant melanoma, other melanocytic tumors, and Schwannoma. Having a better understanding of its clinic pathologic characteristics and associated conditions is essential in properly diagnosing and managing affected individuals. This includes the possible need for genetic testing to detect germline mutations, genetic counseling, and surveillance according to published recommendations. In this article, we summarize the clinic pathologic and molecular features of MMNST and discuss what is known about its molecular biology and its associations with predisposing conditions. The review was conducted through an extensive PubMed search using keywords then relevant publications were selected.
Evaluating the Impact of Ionization Chamber-Specific Beam Quality Correction Factor in Dosimetry of Filtered and Unfiltered Photon Beams
Authors: Sharma Richa , Sharma Sunil Dutt , Agarwal Priyanka , Avasthi Devesh Kumar , Verma Rohit 
Published: August 2022

Aim:
The response of ionization chamber changes when used at beam quality Q which is different from beam quality Qo (usually 60Co) that was used at the time of its calibration. Hence, one needs to apply beam quality correction factor (kQ, Qo) during dosimetric measurements. However, kQ, Qo data are unavailable for novel ion chambers in the literature. Moreover, most of such data do not differentiate between filtered (flat) and unfiltered (unflat) beams. In addition, literature-based data do not differentiate among different pieces of the ion chambers of the same make and model. Hence, the purpose of our study was to determine the ion chamber-specific experimental values of kQ, Qo and to evaluate their impact in dosimetry.

Materials and Methods:
In this work, the value of kQ, Qo were measured for six ionization chambers of three different types in 6, 10, and 15 MV filtered (with flattening filter [WFF]) as well as 6 and 10 MV unfiltered (flattening filter free [FFF]) photon beams. The measured values of kQ, Qo were compared with Monte Carlo-calculated values available in the literature. The uncertainties in measurement of kQ, Qo values were also evaluated.

Results:
For 6 MV FFF beam, the measured value of kQ, Qo was found to be consistently lower than 6 MV WFF beam for all Sun Nuclear Corporation ion chambers, while it was higher as per the theoretical data. The inter-chamber variation in kQ, Qo values was observed for the same model of the ion chambers. The maximum difference between absolute dose values on using the theoretical and experimental kQ, Qo values was up to 3.23%.

Conclusion:
The measured absolute dose values by the ion chamber of a given make and model were found different due to the use of its theoretical and experimental kQ, Qo values. Furthermore, the variation in response of different pieces of ion chambers of the same make and model cannot be accounted for theoretically, and hence, the use of theoretical kQ, Qo data may introduce an inherent error in the estimation of absorbed dose to water. This necessitates the use of measured value of kQ, Qo for each ionization chamber.
Role of Interleukin-10 (1082G/A) and Splicing Factor 3B Subunit 1 (2098A/G) Gene Polymorphisms in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Gamaleldin Marwa Ahmed , Moussa Mayada Aly , Eldin Imbaby Salma Alaa 
Published: August 2022

OBJECTIVE:
Interleukin-10 (IL-10) gene polymorphisms might play a part in the development of some malignant tumors. It has been linked with high bcl-2 expression in some B-lymphocyte malignancies. Its relationship with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) development is still under investigation. Other studies have linked Splicing Factor 3B Subunit 1 (SF3B1) mutations to a poorer prognosis of CLL. From this context, we have great interest to investigate the effect of both IL-10 (1082G/A) and SF3B1 (2098A/G) gene polymorphisms on CLL in this study.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were analyzed for IL-10 (1082G/A) and SF3B1 (2098A/G) gene polymorphisms by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction in 80 newly diagnosed CLL patients and 80 controls.

RESULTS:
Our results showed that the IL-10 (G/A) genotype, IL-10 (A/A) genotype and IL-10 A allele and SF3B1 (A/G) genotype and SF3B1 G allele were increased significantly in the patients group compared with the control group.

CONCLUSION:
IL-10 gene polymorphisms (1082 G/A and A/A) and A alleles might be associated with increased risk of CLL development compared with G/G genotypes and G alleles and are a probable risk factor for the disease. Also, our study demonstrated that SF3B1 (2098A/G) polymorphisms and G allele are related to and might be a causative factor for CLL.
De uma margem à outra: rios, mapas e fronteiras na bacia platina (séculos XVI-XVIII)
Authors: Bonato Tiago 
Published: August 2022

O amplo território percorrido pelos rios platinos e seus tributários configurava, nos séculos XVI e XVII, um imenso triângulo entre as vilas de São Vicente, no litoral sudeste da América portuguesa; Buenos Aires, na foz do estuário; e Assunção, no interior do continente, às margens do rio Paraguai. Desde os primeiros mapas e relatos quinhentistas, esse espaço foi predominantemente descrito e mapeado como um emaranhado de rios, um espaço que variou de península à mesopotâmia de terras quase ausentes, figurando no mais das vezes como via de acesso – desconhecida, misteriosa e por vezes mítica – ao interior do continente. Durante grande parte do período colonial, a região foi também fronteira mais ou menos indefinida dos impérios ibéricos na América. A partir das discussões recentes da historiografia da cartografia, da análise concomitante de mapas espanhóis e portugueses e, em outra escala de observação, da documentação escrita produzida no período, o objetivo do artigo é entender a dinâmica das fronteiras naquele território. A hipótese levantada é de que a utilização dos rios, percorridos como caminho pelos diversos atores sociais, ou cartografados nos mapas imperiais, parece ser uma das chaves para o entendimento das fronteiras que, nesse caso, são de diferentes naturezas: fronteiras entre os impérios ibéricos bem como fronteiras entre o mundo europeu e indígena e entre o conhecido e o desconhecido. Palavras chave: história da cartografia; fronteira; Impérios ibéricas na América.
Entre imagens, celebrações e autoflagelos: aspectos das práticas religiosas coletivas nas missões Jesuíticas da Provincia Paraguaia
Authors: Ahlert Jacqueline 
Published: August 2022

Este artigo versa sobre três aspectos das práticas religiosas coletivas perpetradas nas doutrinas jesuíticas da Província Paraguaia entre os séculos XVII e XVIII: a celebração, o culto às imagens e a prática de autoflagelo. A investigação está ancorada, sobretudo, na documentação primária constituída por cartas ânuas e relatórios de administradores. As liturgias do calendário católico, como rituais formais e elaborados, sofreram inúmeras alterações desde as fórmulas predicadas pelos loyolistas até se metamorfosearem em práticas significantes para os indígenas missioneiros. Assim, frações da acomodação de dogmas tais como redenção, sofrimento e do post mortem se desvelaram na ritualística das práticas coletivas e das festividades, nas quais as imagens, a música e a cenografia tiveram função preponderante, além de ações expiatórias como o autoflagelo. Palavras-chave: Doutrinas Jesuíticas da Província Paraguaia, celebrações, imagens, autoflagelo
Aquisição de conhecimento sobre cuidados paliativos dos graduandos de um Curso de Nutrição
Authors: Almeida Rayssa Gonçalves Ribeiro , Saron Margareth Lopes Galvão 
Published: August 2022

Os cuidados paliativos são um tipo de abordagem que tem por finalidade a qualidade de vida dos pacientes e seus familiares que sofrem com doenças que ameaçam a vida. O objetivo desse trabalho foi verificar a aquisição de conhecimento sobre cuidados paliativos dos acadêmicos de um curso de Nutrição. Para a coleta de dados, foi utilizado um questionário estruturado aplicado de forma virtual, via ferramenta Google Forms®, que abordou questões relativas dos cuidados paliativos. Os resultados mostraram que 84,46% dos acadêmicos entrevistados declararam que as informações sobre essa temática foram insuficientes, apenas 12,59% relatam ter realizado algum trabalho acadêmico na área e 56,3% tem interesse em uma capacitação especifica. Pode-se concluir que os acadêmicos do curso de nutrição apresentaram pouca familiaridade com a temática, o que pode levar condutas inseguras e passíveis de erros.
TINJAUAN HUKUM ISLAM TERHADAP EKSEKUSI LELANG JAMINAN PADA INSTITUSI PERBANKAN SYARIAH DI ACEH
Authors: Muhammad Fadhli  
Published: August 2022

Artikel ini membahas tentang tinjauan hukum Islam yang dikutip dari pendapat fuqaha dan ahli hukum tentang penggunaan teori jual beli lelang dalam penjualan barang jaminan. Setiap transaksi pembiayaan dalam perbankan syariah diwajibkan untuk menyertakan jaminan. Hal ini untuk menyelamatkan dana bank apabila nasabah melakukan wanprestasi. Bank syariah berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 4 Tahun 1996 tentang Hak Tanggungan memiliki hak untuk menyita jaminan nasabah yang telah jatuh tempo dan tidak ada iktikad baik untuk membayar. Namun dalam pelaksnaannya bank tidak bisa melakukan parate eksekusi untuk melakukan penjualan secara langsung. Bank harus menempuh prosedur formal yang panjang tuk mencairkan dana dari jaminan nasabah. Dan kerap kali menemui berbagai macam hambatan. Artikel ini akan menganalisis secara normatif dan empiris mengenai pelaksanaan eksekusi lelang jaminan padaperbankan syariah di Aceh berdasarkan konsep hukum Islam yang bersumber dari Al-Quran, Hadits, dan Ijmaâ€™ para ulama. Meskipun masih menggunakan undang-undang konvensional, namun dalam aturan pelaksanaan lelang eksekusi jaminan yang diterapkan pada perbankan syariah telah banyak mengadopsi kaedah hukum Islam. Namun dalam praktiknya masih banyak dijumpai permasalahan-permasalahan yang keluar dari koridor hukum Islam yang menjunjungtinggi falsafah maslahah dan konsep keadilan.
PENERAPAN TEORI DAN KEBIJAKAN KRIMINAL DALAM PERTIMBANGAN HUKUM DALAM SISTEM PERADILAN PIDANA
Authors: IDA RAHMA  
Published: August 2022

The function of criminal law aims to prevent future crimes in order to prevent the occurrence of criminal countermeasures. The criminal itself is a sanction or a sorrow that tells. Criminal law is a rule of law or a set of rules or legal norms that regulate an act which is a criminal act, when an act is declared as a criminal act and set the effect (witness) given in reaction to the act that violates the rule of criminal law. The function of the criminal law itself is to provide a criminal to those who violate the penal law through state equipment, in order to maintain public order. Law enforcement is the activity of harmonizing relationships of values that are outlined in the rules and attitude of acts as a series of the final value of the termination to create as social enginering, maintaining and maintaining as the social control of social interaction, whether it is a preventive action (preventive) ) As well as acts of eradication (repressive)
PREFERENSI PEMILIK SWALAYAN TERHADAP PENGADAAN PRODUK MAKANAN BERLABEL HALAL (Studi Kasus di Kota Banda Aceh)
Authors: Teuku Muhammad Syahrizal  
Published: August 2022

The research aims to know (1) The influence of prices, products, halal and religious labels against the preference of self-service owners on packaged food products and (2) see if the Halal label becomes a major factor or not in influencing preference. This research is a quantitative study. The population of research is a self-service owner in Banda ACEH that has business licenses. The sampling is a self-service owner of Islam and has a business license in the year 2015-2016, from that year net of 16 supermarkets used as sample. Data collection techniques using questionnaires. Analytical techniques use classical assumption tests (test normality, multicolinearity, heteroskedastisity and multiple regression) using SPSS version 20. The results showed: (1) product (X1), Price (X2), halal label (X3) and religious (X4) have a significant influence on the preference of self-service owner. Each variable has a significance value (p) of < 0.05, where the significance values are X: 0.019, X2:0.017, X3:0.011 and X4:0.037. The factors together indicate significance to the preference with a significance value of 0.000 (sig. 0.000 < 0.05). (2) Halal Label is not a major factor that affects the preference of self-service owner. So the main factor is the product with a value of Î²: 0.358.
FACTORS INFLUENCING THE LOW PENETRATION OF INSURANCE SERVICES IN AFRICA
Authors: Kajwang Ben 
Published: August 2022

Purpose: This research factors influencing the low penetration of insurance services in Africa.
Findings: Insurance promotes economic growth by increasing the amount of money that people save, lowering the amount of money that people save for unnecessary precautions, and turning idle capital into active capital by reducing the amount of risk that companies and individuals in different parts of the economy are exposed to. The extent to which a country's markets participate in insurance shows the extent to which such markets are able to accept insurance as both a strategy for risk reduction and a source of investment. A low insurance market penetration rate is indicative of a slower rate of economic expansion. As a consequence of this, the objective of this research is to determine the elements that contribute to the low level of insurance services that are utilized in Africa. Lack of means, mistrust of financial service providers, unwillingness of multinational insurance firms to invest in Africa, lack of reliable information, poor legal and judicial systems, lack of human capital and expertise, shallow financial markets, and failure by communities to embrace formal insurance services are some of the reasons behind low insurance penetration on the Africa continent. According to the findings of the study, there is a significant connection between the criteria indicated and the level of insurance services penetration in Africa.
Unique contribution of Theory, Practice and Policy: According to the findings of the study, insurance companies should offer individualized services and products that combine protection against risk with opportunities for financial gain. The report also suggests that various stakeholders work together to ensure the adoption of measures that would address the numerous variables that were identified as being the cause of low insurance penetration. This recommendation was included in the study.
Bladder Hernia; A Case Report
Authors: Malik Akram , Nauman Khalid  , Muhammad Ali  , Adeen Akram  , Asad Ramzan  , Muhammad Waqas Iqbal  
Published: August 2022

Inguinal bladder hernia is a rare condition usually diagnosed per-operatively. Patients may present with inguinal swelling, dysuria, hematuria,or urinary urgency. Obesity, advancing age and poor musculature are risk factors. We hereby present a case of inguinal bladder hernia in a 47-year-old obese male presented to outpatient department with history of inguino-scrotal, partially reducible swelling, lower urinary tract symptoms, off and on haematuria and dysuria. Scrotal ultrasound showed clear fluid present in the scrotum which was communicating with bladder. This was confirmed by cystography showing â€œdog earâ€sign. Hernia containing bladder was reduced and hernioplasty was performed.
S.U.N.Y. Degree In Arboriculture
Authors: Dennis H. , Ryan III P. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe Ornamental Horticulture Department at the State University of New York at Farmingdale will begin offering an option in arboriculture commencing September 1978. The program was formulated by a steering committee of Farmingdale faculty and New York arborists. The desire of the committee was to design a program that would provide the student with the practical arboricultural skills that are required by the arborist industry as well as scientific, business, and technical training needed in sales or management positions in the commercial or municipal sector. This paper explores the reasons why the program is needed, how it was constructed and the philosophy of the Farmingdale arboriculture option.
APLICAÇÕES DA HIBRIDAÇÃO INTERESPECÍFICA NO MELHORAMENTO DE PLANTAS
Authors: Filho Ezildo Francisco Felinto , OLIVEIRA CARLOS ROBERTO SILVA DE , SILVA FRANCISMARY BARROS DA , OLIVEIRA MATHEUS LIMA , SILVA VITÓRIA RAMOS CRUZ DA 
Published: August 2022

Introdução: A hibridação e introgressão entre espécies vegetais é um evento de bastante ocorrência, pois ele é fonte de variações e acarreta o aparecimento de novas espécies, sendo de suma importância a precisa identificação dos híbridos produzidos. O resultado de cruzamentos interespecíficos pode variar desde a impossibilidade de se conseguir sementes até uma fertilidade absoluta dos híbridos F1. Objetivos: A obtenção de materiais que são geneticamente superiores e heterogêneos devido à hibridação interespecífica, proporcionando uma combinação da variabilidade genética em espécies que podem ser de certa forma contrastante uma da outra. Materiais e métodos: Esta revisão foi elaborada por meio de consultas em trabalhos nas plataformas indexadoras de artigos científicos como google acadêmico, portal de periódicos da CAPES e Scielo e outros. Resultados: Programas de melhoramento genético de plantas vêm sendo beneficiados quando se refere ao direcionamento de cruzamentos que sejam mais promissores e a introgressão de genes com o método de hibridação interespecífica de espécies silvestres e espécies já cultivadas. Estratégias adotadas para o melhoramento genético de plantas podem ser desenvolvidas e permitidas através de estimativa de parâmetros, diversidade genética e caracterização morfológica de híbridos interespecíficos, tendo em vista que é possível a identificação do componente genotípico em determinada característica de interesse. Os meios de introgressão de genes dessa técnica se dão por polinizações controladas ou abertas de pólens de espécies com características desejadas agronomicamente. Existem três distintos tipos de cruzamentos interespecíficos, conhecidos como cruzamento entre espécies que originam duplicação do número cromossômico, cruzamentos entre espécies com números cromossômicos diferentes, sem duplicar o número de cromossomos da progênie e cruzamentos entre espécies cujos híbridos são férteis. Algumas barreiras podem tornar difícil a execução de uma hibridação interespecífica, ou mesmo impedi-la, são elas a Inibição do crescimento do tubo polínico e o desequilíbrio Genético. Conclusão: É de suma importância que ocorra a prática do cruzamento entre espécies silvestres e cultivadas, para que devido a essa hibridação possa haver uma maior variabilidade genética dentro da cultura trabalhada.