bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developmental Changes in Coarticulation Degree Relate to Differences in Articulatory Patterns: An Empirically Grounded Modeling Approach
Authors: Abakarova Dzhuma , Fuchs Susanne , Noiray Aude 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:
Coarticulatory effects in speech vary across development, but the sources of this variation remain unclear. This study investigated whether developmental differences in intrasyllabic coarticulation degree could be explained by differences in children's articulatory patterns compared to adults.

Method:
To address this question, we first compared the tongue configurations of 3- to 7-year-old German children to those of adults. The observed developmental differences were then examined through simulations with Task Dynamics Application, a Task Dynamics simulation system, to establish which articulatory modifications could best reproduce the empirical results. To generate syllables simulating the lack of tongue gesture differentiation, we tested three simulation scenarios.

Results:
We found that younger speakers use less differentiated articulatory patterns to achieve alveolar constrictions than adults. The simulations corresponding to undifferentiated control of tongue tip and tongue body resulted in (a) tongue shapes similar to those observed in natural speech and (b) higher degrees of intrasyllabic coarticulation in children when compared to adults.

Conclusions:
Results provide evidence that differences in articulatory patterns contribute to developmental differences in coarticulation degree. This study further shows that empirically informed modeling can advance our understanding of changes in coarticulatory patterns across age.
Interactive Effects of Temperament and Family-Related Environmental Confusion on Spoken Language in Children Who Are Deaf and Hard of Hearing
Authors: Bowdrie Kristina , Holt Rachael Frush , Houston Derek M. 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:The aim of this study was to examine the influence of caregivers' reports of family-related environmental confusion—which refers to the level of overstimulation in the family home environment due to auditory and nonauditory (i.e., visual and cognitive) noise—on the relation between child temperament and spoken language outcomes in children who are deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) in comparison to age-matched children with typical hearing (TH).Method:Two groups of families with children between 3 and 7 years of age (TH = 59, DHH = 58) were sequentially recruited from a larger longitudinal study on developmental outcomes in children who are DHH. Caregivers (all TH) completed questionnaires measuring three dimensions of child temperament (i.e., effortful control, negative affectivity, and surgency–extraversion) and family-related environmental confusion. A norm-referenced language measure was administered to children. Testing took place within the families' homes.Results:For children who are DHH, effortful control was positively related to spoken language outcomes, but only when levels of family-related environmental confusion were low to moderate. Family-related environmental confusion did not interact with temperament to influence spoken language in children with TH.Conclusions:Homes with low-to-moderate levels of environmental confusion provide an environment that supports DHH children with better effortful control to harness their self-regulatory skills to achieve better spoken language comprehension than those with lower levels of effortful control. These findings suggest that efforts to minimize chaos and auditory noise in the home create an environment in which DHH children can utilize their self-regulatory skills to achieve optimal spoken language outcomes.
Fast reconstruction of feedback polynomials for synchronous scramblers in a noisy environment
Authors: Ding Yong , Huang Zhiping , Zhou Jing 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAs one of the key technologies of modern communication, a linear scrambler is a technique to randomize the data to be transmitted at the bit layer to improve the timing recovery and confidentiality of the transmitted data. Therefore, the reconstruction of scramblers under non‐cooperative communication conditions has attracted extensive research interest. Existing efficient reconstruction methods are implemented by traversing the primitive polynomial of all orders, leading to extremely high computational complexity. Here, a fast reconstruction method for feedback polynomials of synchronous scramblers is proposed. The order of the feedback polynomial is first estimated by a hypothesis testing method, and then the primitive polynomial of the corresponding order is traversed to reduce the traversal range of the primitive polynomial, which greatly reduces the computational complexity of the reconstruction method. The simulation results verify the performance of the scheme.
Outage analysis for multi‐BD symbiotic radio system
Authors: Zhang Dan , Zhu Qi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSymbiotic radio (SR) is a new spectrum sharing paradigm that allows backscatter device (BD) to transmit information over the ambient radio frequency signal, where the BD is parasitic in the primary transmission, and the secondary system (i.e. backscatter system) shares not only the same spectrum but also the same receiver with the primary system. Here, a multi‐BD SR system with a primary transmitter (PT), a cooperative receiver (CR) and two backscatter devices (BDs), that is, BD1 and BD2 is studied. The accurate expressions for the outage probability of both primary system and secondary system are derived. Simulation results verify the correctness of this theoretical analysis. Additionally, the effect of the distance parameters (i.e. the distance of the backscatter links) on the outage probability of BD1 and BD2 when the backscatter coefficients are fixed is investigated. Simulation results indicate that the desired outage performance can be obtained by adjusting the distance parameters. Finally, the performance of the multi‐BD SR system is compared with the SR system containing only one BD, and the results show that the multi‐BD SR system can enable the backscatter system to achieve better rate performance, which highlights the importance of applying multi‐BD to the SR system.
Few‐shot classification using Gaussianisation prototypical classifier
Authors: Liu Fan , Li Feifan , Yang Sai 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFew‐shot classification (FSC) aims at classifying query samples into correct classes given only a few labelled samples. Prototypical Classifier (PC) can be chosen to be an ideal classifier for settling this problem, as it has good properties of low‐capacity and parameter‐free. However, the mean‐based prototypes suffer from the issue of deviating from its ground‐truth centre. In order to solve such problem of prototype bias, Gaussianisation Prototypical Classifier (GPC) is proposed, which is a kind of one‐step prototype rectification method. Specifically, the authors first perform Gaussianisation operation over the feature extracted from the backbone network so that the features fit the particular Gaussian distribution. Second, the authors use prototype feature of the base class as prior information and employs Maximum a Posteriori estimation method to obtain the reliable prototype for each novel class. Finally, the query sample of novel class is classified to be its nearest prototype with non‐parametric classifiers. Extensive experiments have been conducted on multiple FSC benchmarks. Comparative results also demonstrate that the authors’ method is superior to existing state‐of‐the‐art FSC methods.
End‐to‐end power equipment detection and localization with RM transformer
Authors: Fang Jian , Wang Youyuan , Chen Weigen 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPower equipment detection and localization is the key component of automatic inspection tasks in substations. To solve the challenges such as complex environment and lack of training data, utilization of context information is considered here. For substation scenes, object relation modelling (RM) is proven to be useful, but an end‐to‐end efficient framework which is suitable for non‐Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) is still missing. Therefore, an extended Transformer network with an elaborately designed RM module is proposed. As the foundation, transformer network is better than CNN in terms of context dependency construction. On top of that, an RM module is plugged to adjust the decoded feature embeddings based on their appearance, position and class information. The module is based on a graph attention neural network which uses similarity as weights of nodes. The experiments show that the proposed method has a 16.2% improvement in accuracy compared to pipeline, and even 6.4% higher than the most recent models, largely promoting the construction of intelligent substations.
Feature difference for single‐shot object detection
Authors: Zeng Tao , Xu Feng , Lyu Xin , Li Xin , Wang Xinyuan , Chen Jiale , Wu Caifeng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe one‐stage detectors achieve a good trade‐off between performance and latency, owing to the plain architecture and divergent learning mechanism for classification and localization. However, the two sub‐tasks require features with various inherency with which to generate inconsistent detections, fettering detectors. In this study, the misalignment is deeply analyzed via kernel density estimation (KDE) for the first time. Moreover, to address the misalignment, a plug‐and‐play detection head, named Diff‐Head, is devised and embedded in one‐stage detectors. Concretely, the authors merge parallel branches into a semi‐parallel structure, establishing the correlation between classification and regression. In the regression branch, a feature difference module (FDM) gets rid of the features that favour classification by subtracting salient object features from the original feature map, and position encoding (PE) modules enhance the absolute position information. The flexibility and efficiency of the detection head are retained. Experiments on Pascal visual object classes (VOC) and MS COCO demonstrate that Diff‐Head is effective and achieves competitive performance with state‐of‐the‐art detectors. Meanwhile, the amount of parameters is reduced at least 30% and 83.0% average precision (AP) is achieved on Pascal VOC. The analyses of consistency and error show that Diff‐Head has better localization and the capability of mitigating the misalignment.
Combine unlabeled with labeled MR images to measure acute ischemic stroke lesion by stepwise learning
Authors: Zhao Bin , Liu Zhiyang , Liu Guohua , Wu Mengran , Cao Chen , Jin Song , Wu Hong , Ding Shuxue 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAcute ischemic stroke is a common threat to human health and may obtain timely treatment by fast localizing and quantitatively evaluating the lesions. Most CNN‐based methods try to segment and measure the lesions, however, they require a training on a large number of labeled subjects that are labor‐intensive and time‐consuming to obtain. In this paper, a method is proposed that can combine limited labeled subjects with abundant unlabeled subjects to alleviate the problem. The proposed method consists of two stages: stepwise learning process and segmentation process. Stepwise learning is used to obtain the pretrained encoder. The pretrained encoder and the proposed decoder are connected into a new end‐to‐end segmentation network, which is retrained on the labeled subjects in the segmentation process. By using 5 labeled subjects and 79 unlabeled subjects, the proposed method achieves a mean dice coefficient of 0.6630.205, a mean average symmetric surface distance (ASSD) of 2.17 mm and a mean 95 percentile Hausdorff distance (HD) of 18.38 mm on a clinical MR dataset with 179 subjects. More importantly, it achieves lesion‐wise F1 score of 0.857 and a subject‐wise detection rate of 0.966.
Infrared and visible image fusion for ship targets based on scale‐aware feature decomposition
Authors: Zheng Xin , Kang Di , Si Pengbo , Wu Qiang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractInfrared (IR) and visible (VI) image fusion play an important role in improving the sea scene perception and ship target detection. Although there have been many studies on image fusion considering the sea scene characteristics, there has still been no adequate extraction method for detailed information of a ship target in a sea scene. To overcome this shortcoming, this paper proposes a fusion method based on a scale‐aware feature decomposition, which can accurately extract features of a ship target at different scales. First, a hybrid feature decomposition method based on the scale‐aware structure‐preserving filter and Gaussian filter is designed. The proposed method separated source images into region, structure, and texture layers, and thus achieved a finer‐scale division than traditional multiscale decomposition methods in the sea‐clutter background. Then, further decomposition of the texture layer was performed by the shearlet transform to obtain the directional texture feature. According to the characteristics of each layer, different strategies were adopted for the fusion, and the weighting factor was used to obtain the final fusion result. Experimental results indicated that the proposed method could achieve better subjective and objective results than current state‐of‐the‐art methods. This method introduces a scale‐aware edge preserving filter to improve the ability of detail extraction and is suitable for image fusion of ship targets.
A novel switching method in PV‐fed quasi‐ZSI‐DVR for voltage quality enhancement of photovoltaic integrated networks
Authors: Moghassemi Ali , Vanaja Dishore Shunmugham , Olamaei Javad , Ozkan Gokhan , Edrington Christopher S. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this work, a novel switching method for the photovoltaic‐fed (PV‐fed) dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) system based on a quasi‐Z‐source inverter (quasi‐ZSI) is proposed. This proposed switching control strategy is implemented in such a way that a wider voltage boost gain and lower voltage stress across the switches and capacitors are achieved. The major drawback with the traditional switching method is that always three switches will be in conduction. However, in the proposed switching method, only two switches are triggered simultaneously to achieve the required output. It also obviates the need for zero states. The proposed switching method for the PV‐fed quasi‐ZSI‐DVR provides an accurate compensation for various voltage disturbances, such as sags, swells, and interruptions, thereby eliminating the voltage harmonics at the point of common coupling. The integration of PV and battery is suggested for the quasi‐ZSI‐DVR to tackle the pertinent issue regarding sporadically transferring energy in the PV arrays and also recharging of batteries. Simulation and experimental results validate the suitability of the proposed PV‐fed quasi‐ZSI‐DVR configuration with the proposed switching control method. It is inferred that the proposed system provides the lowest voltage harmonics and additional benefits like smaller capacitors, higher voltage gain, and lower voltage stress rates.
Wavelength-resolved reverberation mapping of quasar CTS C30.10: Dissecting Mg II and Fe II emission regions
Authors: Prince Raj , Zajaček Michal , Czerny Bożena , Trzcionkowski Piotr , Bronikowski Mateusz , Sobrino Figaredo Catalina , Panda Swayamtrupta , Martinez-Aldama Mary Loli , Hryniewicz Krzysztof , Kumar Jaiswal Vikram , Śniegowska Marzena , Naddaf Mohammad-Hassan , Bilicki Maciej , Haas Martin , Jacek Sarna Marek , Karas Vladimir , Olejak Aleksandra , Przyłuski Robert , Rałowski Mateusz , Udalski Andrzej , Sefako Ramotholo R. , Genade Anja , Worters Hannah L. 
Published: August 2022

Context. We present the results of the reverberation monitoring of the Mg II broad line and Fe II pseudocontinuum for the luminous quasar CTS C30.10 (z = 0.90052) with the Southern African Large Telescope in 2012–2021.
Aims. We aimed at disentangling the Mg II and UV Fe II variability and the first measurement of UV Fe II time delay for a distant quasar.
Methods. We used several methods for the time-delay measurements and determined the Fe II and Mg II time delays. We also performed a wavelength-resolved time delay study for a combination of Mg II and Fe II in the 2700–2900 Å rest-frame wavelength range.
Results. We obtain a time delay for Mg II of 275.5−19.5+12.4 days in the rest frame, and we have two possible solutions of 270.0−25.3+13.8 days and 180.3−30.0+26.6 in the rest frame for Fe II. Combining this result with the old measurement of Fe II UV time delay for NGC 5548, we discuss for first time the radius-luminosity relation for UV Fe II with the slope consistent with 0.5 within the uncertainties.
Conclusions. Because the Fe II time delay has a shorter time-delay component but the lines are narrower than Mg II, we propose that the line-delay measurement is biased toward the part of the broad line region (BLR) facing the observer. The bulk of the Fe II emission may arise from the more distant BLR region, however, the region that is shielded from the observer.
Stereoselective Synthesis of Acyclic Skeleton of Boscartin A
Authors: Goswami Rajib Kumar , Saha Dhiman , Sahana Moinul Haque , Mandal Gour Hari 
Published: August 2022

AbstractStereoselective synthesis of key acyclic skeleton of structurally challenging and biologically active boscartin A possessing six stereogenic centers, among which three are tertiary, has been achieved for the first time. The synthetic study comprises the Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation (SAE) followed by stereoselective epoxide opening for installation of C-11 and C-12 centers, Meyer–Schuster rearrangement followed by intramolecular oxa-Michael addition for construction of C-1 center, SAE followed by CBS reduction and subsequent cycloetherification for stereoselective generation of C-3, C-4, and C-7 centers, Gilman reaction for introduction of C-9 olefin and Grignard reaction for installation of C-8 olefin.
Audio-Visual Training Improves Awareness and Willingness of Cervical Cancer Screening among Healthy Indian Women: Findings from a Survey
Authors: Ganeshkumar Priya 
Published: August 2022

Objectives We evaluated the impact of a standardized, simple audio-visual (AV) training video developed in regional languages on cervical cancer awareness among apparently healthy women and their willingness to undergo regular cervical cancer screening.
Materials and Methods This cross-sectional noninterventional multicentric survey was conducted in 69 centers across 14 states in India and one center in UAE among women aged between 18 and 88 years attending clinics for a variety of indications. Using a short questionnaire, cervical cancer awareness and willingness to undergo cervical cancer screening were assessed before and after the AV training.
Statistical Analysis In addition to descriptive analysis, improvement in awareness after the AV training was assessed using McNemar's test, and comparison of responses between subgroups was performed using Pearson chi-squared test.
Results The survey was completed by 3,188 apparently healthy women (mean age: 36.8 ± 11.3 years). Before AV training, correct answers were given to only 4/6 questions by majority of the participants; most participants were unaware about the main cause of cervical cancer (1,637/3,188, 51.4%), availability of cervical cancer screening tests (1,601/3,188, 50.2%), and cervical cancer vaccines (1,742/3,188, 54.6%). Only 576 women (18.1%) had undergone cervical cancer screening in the past. After the AV training, the proportion of women correctly responding to all six questions improved significantly (p < 0.05), and 84.4% (2691/3188) women showed willingness to undergo periodic cervical cancer screening. Compared to unmarried and professional women, although married women and home-makers had lower awareness scores, the latter subgroups had more often undergone previous cervical cancer screening.
Conclusion It is possible to improve cervical cancer awareness among healthy women, and to enhance their willingness to undergo regular cervical cancer screening tests using a simple, six minute-long, standardized AV training material.
Enhanced Recovery after Surgery for Cesarean Delivery: A Quality Improvement Initiative
Authors: Matthews Kathy C. , White Robert S. , Ewing Julie , Abramovitz Sharon E. , Kalish Robin B. 
Published: August 2022

Objective Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) was developed as a way to standardize clinical care pathways and communication across multidisciplinary teams to improve patient recovery and reduce hospital length of stay (LOS). Our objective was to implement an ERAS protocol for cesarean delivery (ERAS-CD) and evaluate its efficacy in reducing LOS.
Study Design An ERAS-CD program was implemented at our institution in October 2018. Patients undergoing scheduled and unscheduled CD were maintained on an ERAS pathway of care, which included preoperative hydration, standardized intraoperative protocols, and postoperative analgesic regimens as well as early feeding, urinary catheter removal, and ambulation. We compared LOS after delivery (calculated from time of delivery to discharge), readmission rates, health care disparities and postoperative opioid prescribing practices before (October 2017–September 2018) and after (November 2018–October 2019) ERAS implementation. We excluded any outliers, defined as a LOS >25 days. Continuous data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Student's t-test and Chi-square were used for statistical comparison with p <0.05 considered statistically significant.
Results There were 1,729 patients who had a CD in the pre-ERAS group with a mean LOS after delivery of 3.32 ± 6.19 days. In the post-ERAS group, 1,753 women underwent CD with a mean LOS after delivery of 2.85 ± 5.79 days, a statistically significant difference from the pre-ERAS group (p <0.001). There was no difference in readmission rates between pre- and post-ERAS implementation groups (1.9 vs. 2.2%, p = 0.53). There was a reduction in health care disparities in postoperative LOS, when stratifying by race-ethnicity, and a reduction in opioid prescribing practices after the implementation of the program.
Conclusion With the implementation of an ERAS-CD program, we achieved a reduced LOS, without increasing readmission rates, and saw a reduction in health care disparities and opioid dispensing. A shorter LOS could offer an enhanced patient experience, as well as improved and equitable perioperative outcomes.
Key Points