bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formation of an Institution of Supranational Commercial Arbitration for the Consideration of Disputes based on Applications from Economic Entities within the Framework of the Eurasian Economic Union
Authors: Bronyakina E. O. 
Published: January 2025

The study is devoted to an analysis of a number of problems arising from the non-governmental nature of the institution of international commercial arbitration in the member states of the Eurasian Economic Union. The author believes that one of the strategic directions of EAEU development until 2025, namely the development of an initiative to create within the EAEU an international arbitration for the consideration of economic disputes based on applications from business entities, contributes to the doctrinal rethinking of the essence of the institution of international commercial arbitration. The author concludes that in the context of deepening Eurasian integration, the concept of «international» in the context of commercial arbitration is gradually acquiring a new meaning — «supranational». The supranational significance of international commercial arbitration, as the author notes, will simplify the mechanism for the recognition and enforcement of arbitration decisions by courts of national jurisdiction of the EAEU member states. This is due to the fact that the supranational significance of the arbitration decisions adopted by commercial arbitration will ensure a completely different system of guarantees for the enforcement of arbitration decisions as a supranational body of the EAEU due to the direct and immediate effect of arbitration decisions throughout the territory of the EAEU member states.
Implementation of Home Medication Review in Patients with Chronic Diseases: A Pilot Study in Indonesia
Authors: Silviana Mega , Ningrum Vitarani Dwi Ananda , Mafruhah Okti Ratna 
Published: January 2025

Background: The high prevalence of chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidemia is a concern for pharmacists. Pharmacists are expected to participate in these efforts by implementing Home Medication Review (HMR). HMR is a community-based collaborative service outside of health facilities that involves physicians and pharmacists to improve the effectiveness of therapy. This study aimed to determine the incidence of drug-related problems (DRPs), the level of patient satisfaction, and the effect of improving the quality of life of patients with chronic diseases who received Home Medication Review services at the Banjarbaru Utara Primary Health Care.
Methods: This study used a quasi-experimental method with a single group pre-test and post-test design. Data were obtained prospectively, from January to May 2024. DRPs were measured by the Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe (PCNE) form. Patient satisfaction was measured using the five-dimensional service quality questionnaire. Quality of life was measured using the EQ-5D-5L questionnaire with the EQ-5D-5L Index and EQ Visual Analog Scale (VAS) parameters.
Results: The study showed that DRPs in patients with chronic diseases before undergoing HMR were 92.50%. Patient satisfaction with HMR services reached 91.33%. Quality of life in chronic disease patients increased, based on the EQ-5D-5L Index, from 0.802 + 0.199 before to 0.854 + 0.189 after HMR (p-value 0.002), and based on the EQ VAS from 72.25 + 12.80 before to 78.12 + 14.19 after HMR (p-value 0.001).
Conclusion: This study concludes that HMR services can identify DRPs, and improve satisfaction, knowledge, and quality of life of patients with chronic disease.
Igbo Slang Expressions in Literature: Exploring a New Igbo Literature
Authors: Okafor-Maduka Chisom Nneamaka 
Published: January 2025

Over the years, slang expressions generally have been looked at as language of the never-do-good in the society, especially among the youths inspired by constant abuse of hard drugs and other dangerous substance. Yet, these expressions have gained wide acceptance among speakers of the language both home and abroad and even among the adults these days. Igbo slang is not left out of this revolution. In recent times, Igbo Literature has experienced a dwindling growth in readership especially among Igbo youth and young scholars. This has resulted heavily in the decline in production of Igbo Literature thereby fueling the lack of content and thenes in Igbo Literature. This paper therefore, looked at the possibility of engaging Igbo slang in Igbo Literature to know if this may help attract readership for Igbo Literature. To do this some Igbo slangs mainly used at Sokoto Road Main Market Onitsha Anambra State Nigeria, were collected and analysed. This area was chosen because the city is redpponsible for 90% of the Igbo slang spoken in Onitsha. Other data were collected from Igbo Hip-hop because artistes use these slangs in their craft. It was discovered that indeed if these expressions are brought into the Igbo Literature; they would make reading more fun for students as they can easily relate with the text’s language. Furthermore, they would be useful to the younger generation of scholars most especially Igbo scholars because it will open a new and better genre of creative writing and encourage others to write.
Variation in attributable fraction of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus among primary liver cancer cases across mainland China: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lin Chunqing , Liu Zhenqiu , Wei Feixue , de Martel Catherine , Chen Wanqing , Clifford Gary M. 
Published: January 2025

Aim: Our objective was to describe variations in attributable fractions (AFs) of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) to primary liver cancer (PLC) across mainland China.
Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies published up to July 2024 in PubMed, Embase, WanFang, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. Eligible studies reported the prevalence of HBV and HCV infection, alone and in combination, in PLC. AFs of HBV, HCV, and non-viral etiology in PLC were estimated by province and, when possible, by sex, age, histological diagnosis, and study periods. Regional and overall AFs were estimated by weighting by provincial and regional population size. Publication bias and heterogeneity were assessed by funnel plots of AFs of HBV, HCV, and non-viral etiology in PLC cases, using Egger test by study size.
Results: We included 240 studies with 71,905 PLC cases from 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities across mainland China. AFs of HBV, HCV, and non-viral etiology for PLC across mainland China were 76.5%, 6.6%, and 16.9%, respectively. The AFs of HBV and HCV varied by region, with HBV AFs ranging from 68.7% in Northwest China to 82.9% in South Central China. Respective HCV AFs ranged from 12.7% in Northeast China down to 3.7% in South Central China. Non-viral AFs ranged from 13.4% to 21.0% by region. AFs of non-viral etiology were 57.9% in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), and AF of HBV was double prevalence ratio (PR), 2.11 (95%CI: 1.89-2.34) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC, 76.3%) than ICC (37.3%) cases. Prevalence of HBV was higher in male (83.9%) than female (74.6%) PLC cases, and the mean age at diagnosis was 10 years higher for PLC with HCV (64.9 years) than HBV (54.4 years).
Conclusion: HBV, HCV, and non-viral AFs varied substantially by region across China, as well as by sex and age, which can inform strategies for liver cancer prevention and control.
Deep learning for automated spinopelvic parameter measurement from radiographs: a meta-analysis
Authors: Glaser Dylan , AlMekkawi Ahmad K. , Caruso James P. , Chung Candace Y. , Khan Eshal Z. , Daadaa Hicham M. , Aoun Salah G. , Bagley Carlos A. 
Published: January 2025

Aim: Quantitative measurement of spinopelvic parameters from radiographs is important for assessing spinal disorders but is limited by the subjectivity and inefficiency of manual techniques. Deep learning may enable automated measurement with accuracy rivaling human readers.
Methods: PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane databases were searched for relevant studies. Eligible studies were published in English, used deep learning for automated spinopelvic measurement from radiographs, and reported performance against human raters. Mean absolute errors and correlation coefficients were pooled in a meta-analysis.
Results: Fifteen studies analyzing over 10,000 radiographs met the inclusion criteria, employing convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and other deep learning architectures. Pooled mean absolute errors were 4.3° [95% confidence interval (CI) 3.2-5.4] for Cobb angle, 3.9° (95%CI 2.7-5.1) for thoracic kyphosis, 3.6° (95%CI 2.8-4.4) for lumbar lordosis, 1.9° (95%CI 1.3-2.5) for pelvic tilt (PT), 4.1° (95%CI 2.7-5.5) for pelvic incidence (PI), and 1.3 cm (95%CI 0.9-1.7) for sagittal vertical axis (SVA). Intraclass correlation coefficients exceeded 0.81, indicating strong agreement between automated and manual measurements.
Conclusion: Deep learning demonstrates promising accuracy for automated spinopelvic measurement, potentially rivaling experienced human readers. However, further optimization and rigorous multicenter validation are required before clinical implementation. These technologies may eventually improve the efficiency and reliability of quantitative spine image analysis.
Investigation of Effect of Cooling Rate on Mechanical Properties in Directed Energy Deposition
Authors: Hirono Yoko , Mori Takanori , Kawakami Hiroyuki , Ueda Masahiro , Kono Daisuke 
Published: January 2025

Directed energy deposition (DED) is one of the most promising additive	manufacturing technologies, particularly for partial coating,	repairing, and dissimilar metal depositing. However, determining the	optimal deposition parameters to achieve desired shapes and mechanical	properties is challenging because of the complex process of repeated	melting and solidification driven by thermal energy. While some studies	have focused on the cooling rate and its impact on mechanical	properties, they have not evaluated the range within which the cooling	rates vary. In this study, we investigated a range of cooling rates and	their influence on hardness in DED under practical conditions using	austenitic stainless steel SUS316L. The primary objective was to control	the hardness of the deposited part by adjusting the cooling rate. Among	the factors influencing hardness, grain size is particularly affected by	cooling rates. Therefore, this study focused on grain size to evaluate	the effects of DED technology. We proposed a method to calculate the	cooling rate based on temperature distribution in the melt pool,	captured by a camera coaxial with the laser beam. We varied the	interpass dwell time, the resting interval between deposition layers,	and investigated its effects on cooling rate and hardness. Additionally,	the surface temperature of the workpiece during deposition was measured	with a thermal camera. Results showed that while the dwell time did not	significantly affect the calculated micro cooling rate, the deposition	height had a notable impact. Conversely, the macroscopic temperature	change was influenced by the dwell time. The cooling rate ranged from	3×103°C/s to 10×103°C/s, with	hardness varying between 160 HV and 220 HV, and a linear correlation was	observed between them.
Теоретические и практические аспекты изучения фракций BAALC-экспрессирующих гемопоэтических стволовых клеток у больных острыми миелоидными лейкозами с мутациями в гене FLT3
Authors: Мамаев Николай Николаевич , Канунников М. М. , Шакирова А. И. , Бархатов И. М. , Садыков А. М. , Аюбова Б. И. , Гиндина Т. Л. , Власова Ю. Ю. , Бондаренко С. Н. 
Published: January 2025

AIM. To study the fractions of BAALC-expressing (BAALC-e) leukemic hematopoietic stem cells (LHSCs) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients with isolated mutations in the FLT3 gene as well as their combinations with the mutations in the NPM1 gene.
MATERIALS & METHODS. The study enrolled adult AML patients with the common element of having isolated FLT3 mutations in the genome (n = 25). The control group (n = 21) consisted of AML patients with mutations in both FLT3 and NPM1. The patients (n = 46) were aged 18–84 years (median 52 years), there were 26 women and 20 men. Non-random chromosomal aberrations, including those of a complex nature (≥ 3 lesions per metaphase), were identified in 13 patients with isolated FLT3 mutation and in 1 patient with both FLT3 and NPM1 mutations. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure the level of BAALC, WT1, and EVI1 expressions by the cells in bone marrow aspirate. Thresholds for distinguishing between high and low levels of BAALC and EVI1 expression were considered to be 31 % and 10 %, respectively, and the thresholds for WT1 and FLT3 allele ratio were 250 copies/104 ABL1 copies and 0.5, respectively.
РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. An increased BAALC expression level roughly reflecting the fraction size of BAALC-e LHSCs was detected in 20/25 (80 %) patients with isolated FLT3 mutations. This was observed together with an increased level of WT1 (n = 22) and EVI1 (n = 7) expression. In all patients with both FLT3 and NPM1 mutations (control group, n = 21), the BAALC and EVI1 expression levels were below the threshold, which did not affect WT1 expression. This observation suggests to question the random nature of the identified decrease of BAALC and EVI1 expressions, which can be hypothetically accounted for by a low count of CD34-positive LHSCs in the bone marrow of AML patients with NPM1 mutations. Serial measurements of these molecular parameters under therapy for AML with FLT3 +/– NPM1 mutations show the feasibility of their use in assessing the therapy efficacy or the need for its correction, if required.
CONCLUSION. The data presented in this paper clearly indicate that clinical trials need to intensively apply serial analysis of the fractions of BAALC-expressing leukemic HSCs in AML patients with FLT3 mutations. This approach allows for better molecular monitoring of the therapy efficacy for this challenging category of AML patients.
Separation and Determination of Free Fatty Acids in Corn Oil and Palm Oil by Liquid-Liquid Extraction and Acidi-Alkalimetric Titration
Authors: Rusdi Hanumi Oktiyani , Kusumaningrum Irma Kartika , Nareswari Tsalis Jauza , Fauziah Putri Nanda , Maharani Richa Nan , Natasya Shella 
Published: January 2025

Free Fatty Acids (FFA), which include unsaturated fatty acids like oleic and linoleic acid and saturated fatty acids like palmitic and stearic, are present in most oil compositions. The various negative impacts of FFA require these compounds to be eliminated. This research aims to separate FFA using Liquid-Liquid Extraction (LLE) and determine the levels of FFA using acid-alkalimetric titration in corn oil and palm oil. FFA extraction was carried out for 4 minutes with a solvent ratio of 9,5 ml diethyl ether + 40 ml ethanol + 0,5 ml water. By adding 1M Na2SO4, re-extraction was carried out for 3 minutes. The results obtained were 0.95% FFA levels in corn oil and 1.26% FFA levels in palm oil. FFA levels of both oils are still below the SNI FFA percentage of 3%; besides that, it is found that the FFA levels in palm oil are higher than in corn oil
Comparative Studies of the Phytochemical Analysis, Mineral Content, Antibacterial Activity and Antioxidant Potential of Ethyl Acetate Extract of Alstonia Boonei Leaves and Stem Bark
Authors: Uadia Jeremiah Ogboma , Ogbeide Osahon Kennedy 
Published: January 2025

Folkloric medicine has reported the effectiveness of Alstonia boonei stem bark and leaf extracts in treating and managing different ailments. Hence, this research is a comparative evaluation of the phytochemicals; antioxidant potential, mineral content, and antibacterial capacity of ethyl acetate extract of Alstonia boonei leaves and stem bark. Phytochemical analysis was determined using standard methods; mineral composition was determined using a flame photometer and an atomic absorption spectrophotometer; antibacterial capacity was analysed by agar-well diffusion method; and antioxidant potential was examined by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging method. The phytochemicals detected were phenolics, eugenols, steroids, flavonoids, alkaloids, and reducing sugars in both extracts. Mineral content for sodium, iron, potassium, zinc, copper, magnesium and calcium was found to be 5.61 ± 1.33, 7.25 ± 1.00, 120.63 ± 1.39, 1.62 ± 0.30, 1.01 ± 0.01, 2.36 ± 0.10 and 15.61 ± 1.20 mg/kg respectively for the leaf extract, and 9.36 ± 0.35, 6.36 ± 0.55, 113.64 ± 0.45, 2.40 ± 0.32, 0.02 ± 0.00, 2.10 ± 0.50 and 28.30 ± 0.22 mg/kg respectively for the stem bark extract. The antioxidant potential at 250, 200, 150, 100, and 50 g/mL gave an IC50 of 2.89 ± 0.51, 3.90 ± 0.50, and 2.52 ± 0.22 μg/mL for leaf extract, stem bark extract and standard, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) outcome was identical for both extracts except for P. aeruginosa. Both extracts' minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values were 12.5 to 50 mg/mL, except B. subtilis. Hence, this result provides valuable insight into the comparative usefulness of the plant in phytomedicine.
Modelling of QSAR Equations for Styryl Quinolone Compound Derivatives as HIV-1 Inhibitors
Authors: Firdaus Irvan Maulana , Hafshah Mutista , Amin Ahmad Faqih , Satriya Daffa Faiq Aji 
Published: January 2025

HIV-1 (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) inhibitor compounds have been designed using a QSAR analysis approach for 33 styryl quinolone derivative compounds, with descriptors calculated using semi-empirical methods. This research aims to determine the best semi-empirical method and to obtain the best QSAR equation by comparing the Principal Component Regression method with Multiple Linear Regression, as well as modifying the structure of new styryl quinolone derivative compounds to achieve higher predicted theoretical HIV-1 integrase protein inhibitor activity. The analysis results showed that the semi-empirical MINDO3 method was the best. The QSAR MINDO3 equation with Principal Component Regression is as follows: : pIC50 = 5.046 + 0.515 VL1 with n = 33, r = 0.611, r2 = 0.374, SD = 0.677, Fcount/Ftable = 4.45, PRESS = 20.554, Sig = <0.01. Meanwhile, with Multiple Linear Regression, the equation is as follows: pIC50 = -11.252 + 88.481 (qC3) + 26.667 (qC4) + 9.156 (qC5) – 1.443 (qC7) + 4.284 (qC8)-0.03 (Surface Area Approx) + 0.033 (Grid) - 0.195 (logP) – 0.007 (Mr) – 2.166 (HOMO) with n = 33; r = 0.870; r2 = 0.758; SD =0.500; Fcount/Ftable =2.995; PRESS =5.505; Sig. <0.01. The design of the new compound was carried out based on the best QSAR equation, namely Multiple Linear Regression. We obtained 10 structural modifications from the equation above with the best theoretical pIC50 values from the reference ligand.
Recent Advances in Synthetic Strategies of Glycans and their Pharmaceutical Applications
Authors: Wang He , Terreni Marco , Sollogoub Matthieu , Zhang Yongmin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract:
The understanding of glycans, the third life chain, is widely desired. Naturally,
the glycoconjugates are found in heterogeneous forms due to the enzyme competition
in the same process. As a result, the synthesis of homogeneous glycans has become one
of the trending research topics. In this review, orthogonal protection strategies were summarized
to overcome the difficulties, such as the numerous hydroxyl groups of oligosaccharides
and stereoselectivities during glycosylations. A variety of synthetic glycomics,
including glycoproteins, glycolipids, and newly discovered glycoRNAs, were also
presented. Their applications were categorized by different diseases, which elucidated
the great potential of glycans as drug candidates in the next generation.
Atrial Fibrillation-Related Bradycardia and/or Bradycardia-Related Atrial Fibrillation: When and How to Intervene
Authors: Manolis Antonis A. , Manolis Theodora A. , Manolis Antonis S. 
Published: January 2025

Introduction/Objective:
Atrial fibrillation (AF) could present with slow ventricularresponse;
bradycardia could facilitate the emergence of AF. The conviction that one “does not succumb”
from bradycardia as an escape rhythm will emerge unless one sustains a fatal injury following
syncope is in stark difference with ventricular tachyarrhythmia (VA), which may promptly cause
cardiac arrest. However, this is not always the case, as a life-threatening situation may emerge during
the bradycardic episode, i.e., the development of bradycardia-induced VAs, which could be fatal if
there is no prompt intervention.

Methods:
An extensive review of the literature was undertaken with key words including but not
limited to AF, bradycardia, bradyarrhythmia, AF and bradycardia, slow ventricular response, sinus
node dysfunction, sick sinus syndrome, tachycardia-bradycardia syndrome.

Results:
AF is the commonest cardia arrhythmia worldwide and may be part of sick sinus syndrome,
commonly presenting as bradycardia-tachycardia syndrome. Importantly, bradycardia-related cardiomyopathy
and heart failure, as well as an adverse influence on brain function, may all be eluding
consequences of this type of syndrome. Bradycardia could be the inciting mechanism for the occurrence
of AF, and when the bradycardia is eliminated, AF may not recur. The bradycardia-related
long-short-long sequence triggering VAs can be averted by pacing at rates ~80-110 bpm either via
temporary or permanent pacing as needed.

Conclusion:
Balancing the benefits and risks of bradycardia together with other risks of antiarrhythmic
drug and/or pacing management of AF versus those of catheter ablation is indeed a vexing
problem; all these issues are herein discussed, tabulated, and pictorially illustrated.
Molecular Mechanisms of Antiproliferative Effects of Safranal on Cervical Cancer: Evidence from Bioinformatics Analysis
Authors: Ali Souandaou Athoumani , Özcan Gül , Bulan Nihal Ömür 
Published: January 2025

Background:
Saffron (Crocus sativus), also known as Red Gold has shown anticancer
activity, but the molecular mechanisms underlying its potential therapeutic effects are not fully understood.

Objective:
This study investigates the anticancer effects of safranal on cervical cancer, one of the
most common cancer types in women worldwide, and elucidates the molecular mechanism underlying
these effects through bioinformatics analysis RNA-sequencing.

Method:
The molecular mechanisms and key genes underlying the antiproliferative effect of safranal
(400μM) on cervical cancer cells were determined with RNA sequencing bioinformatics analysis.

Results:
The total number of expressed genes in HeLa and C- 4 I was determined to be 1101 and
1190, respectively after 24 hours of incubation of safranal. KDA showed the key driver genes
EIF2AK2, USP18, PARP14, GBP1, SAMD9L, SP110, DDX60, IFI44L and MX2 of the HeLa
group, while in the C- 4 I group, key driver genes are DNAJC3, DNAJB9, DNAJB8, SRPX2,
PRSS8, MRC2, IER2, RPS19BP1, CRELD2 and SDF2L1. KEGG and GO analysis revealed that
safranal induced cell arrest in the G1 phase, cell death apoptosis, and necroptosis in cervical cancer
cells. These antiproliferative effects were shown based on regulated signaling pathways:
MAPK, TGF-beta, p-53, TNF and FoxO signaling pathways.

Conclusion:
Based on the results obtained by RNA sequencing, it can be concluded that safranal
has a potential antiproliferative effect and could be used in the clinic as an anticancer agent.