bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract PO-157: Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase-related peptide (CARP) increases stemness of colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Mei Leo , Mao Jinghe 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase-related peptide (CARP) is one of the five alternative splicing products of the doublecortin-like kinase 1 (DCLK1) gene, which is a specific marker for cancer stem cells in multiple cancers. Up-regulation of DCLK1 is correlated with progression and poor prognosis of malignant cancers, but the role of individual DCLK1 isoforms during tumorigenesis is unclear. CARP was reported to play an important role in the hippocampus and in the facilitation of apoptosis in granule cells of the rat dentate gyrus. Here we aimed to reveal the effects of CARP on the stemness of cancer cells. In order to achieve our goal, isogenic CARP over-expressing cells were established using HCT116 cells, a colorectal cancer cell line. Spheroid formation assay, proliferation assay, and clonogenic capacity assay were applied to assess the effects of CARP on cancer biology. Our results demonstrated that over-expression of CARP increased the number of spheroids, but decreased the proliferation rate in comparison to parental control HCT116 cells. In conclusion, CARP can increase the self-renewal capability of cancer cells under spheroid formation conditions, but can also inhibit cell proliferation under normal cell culture conditions. CARP may be used to develop a therapeutic target for cancer treatment.
Citation Format: Leo Mei, Jinghe Mao. Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase-related peptide (CARP) increases stemness of colorectal cancer cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: 14th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2021 Oct 6-8. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-157.
Abstract PO-165: Prevalence of metabolic syndrome among cancer survivors: An NHANES study
Authors: Ezeani Adaora , Agurs-Collins Tanya 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components by race and ethnicity in cancer survivors (CS) compared to participants without a self-reported history of cancer with (CD) and without (NCD) a chronic disease diagnosis. METHODS Using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 2015 to 2018, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) was evaluated among respondents 50 years and older. MetS criteria was based on the 2005 National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel III. MetS is diagnosed when three of the following five factors are present: low HDL, elevated triglycerides, elevated blood pressure, impaired fasting glucose, and elevated waist circumference. Weighted data were used to estimate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome, stratified by gender, sex, and race/ethnicity. Chi-square test was used to assess group comparisons respectively. RESULTS Approximately, two thirds of all respondents met the criteria for MetS, of which 37% were Non-Hispanic White (NHW), 30.2% were Non-Hispanic Blacks (NHB), and 25.7% were Hispanic or Mexican Americans (Hisp) (p&lt;0.001). Of the five factors in the MetS criteria, elevated TG (p=0.012), elevated glucose (p=0.009), and elevated blood pressure (p&lt;0.001) were significantly associated with NHW, NHB, and Hisp participants who met the MetS criteria. Among those with MetS, 61.5% of NHW, 68.0% of NHB, and 65.6% of Hisp participants had at least one chronic disease (CD), whereas 22.1% of NHW, 10.9% of NHB, and 9.3% of Hisp were cancer survivors (CS) (p&lt;0.001). Of the CS with MetS, the highest reported cancer was non-melanoma skin cancer (35.2%) in NHW, prostate cancer (39.5%) in NHB, and breast cancer (28.5%) in Hisp (p&lt;0.001). CONCLUSION Due to increasing numbers of CS, comorbidities such as MetS have become a concern for healthcare providers. A better understanding of the association between MetS, its factors, and specific cancer sites can provide insight into providing complete clinical care to CS, especially if there are differences by race or ethnicity.
Citation Format: Adaora Ezeani, Tanya Agurs-Collins. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome among cancer survivors: An NHANES study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: 14th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2021 Oct 6-8. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-165.
Abstract PO-180: Synergistic interplay between genetic characteristics of glucose homeostasis and long-term exposure to cigarette smoking in development of African American colorectal cancer
Authors: Jung Su Yon 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the leading cause of cancer diagnosis and death in women in the United States and other westernized countries and approximately 90% of new cases and deaths occur in women 50 years old and older. African American (AA) women have the highest CRC incidence and mortality rates among all races/ethnic female groups. Also, CRC is the third most common cancer diagnosis and cause of cancer deaths in AA women. Insulin resistance (IR) or glucose intolerance is a critical biologic mechanism for the development of CRC owing to obesity in postmenopausal women. Whereas IR and excessive adiposity are more prevalent in AA women than in white women, AA women are under-represented in genome-wide studies for systemic regulation of IR and the association with CRC risk. Methods: Having examined 780 genome-wide IR single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) available in the Women's Health Initiative Database for Genotypes and Phenotypes (WHI dbGaP) SNP Health Association Resource (SHARe) among 4,692 AA women, we tested for a causal inference between genetically elevated IR and CRC risk in a Mendelian randomization (MR) framework. Further, by incorporating 35 CRC-associated lifestyle factors, we established a prediction model on the basis of gene–environment interactions to generate risk profiles for CRC with the most influential genetic and lifestyle factors and eventually estimated their combined and joint effects on CRC risk. Results: In the pooled MR analysis, the genetically elevated IR was associated with 9 times increased risk for CRC. By addressing the variation of individual SNPs in CRC risk in the prediction model, we detected 4 fasting glucose–specific SNPs in GCK, PCSK1, and MTNR1B and 4 lifestyles, including smoking, aging, prolonged lifetime exposure to endogenous estrogen, and high fat intake, as the most predictive markers for CRC risk. Our joint test for those risk genotypes and lifestyles with smoking revealed the synergistically increased CRC risk, more substantially in women with longer-term exposure to cigarette smoking. Conclusion: Our findings may improve CRC prediction ability among medically under-represented AA women and highlight genetically informed preventive interventions (e.g., smoking cessation; CRC screening to longer-term smokers) for those women at high risk with risk genotypes and behavioral patterns.
Citation Format: Su Yon Jung. Synergistic interplay between genetic characteristics of glucose homeostasis and long-term exposure to cigarette smoking in development of African American colorectal cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: 14th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2021 Oct 6-8. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-180.
Abstract PO-194: Hepatocellular carcinoma disparities among Latinos: A systematic literature review
Authors: Correa Tulio L. , Guelli Mariana S.T.C. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Liver cancer is one of the most important cancers in the United States, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is its most common form. In addition, health disparities can impact cancer-related outcomes in racial/ethnic minorities. Therefore, the aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review to analyze the hepatocellular carcinoma disparities among Latinos. Methods: A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. Papers were selected searching PubMed/Medline, SciELO, and LILACS databases in July 2021 using the search terms [Latin Americans] OR [Latinos] OR [Hispanics] OR [Racial Disparity] AND [Hepatocellular carcinoma]. The inclusion criteria was limited to observational studies published in the last five years that evaluated hepatocellular carcinoma disparities among Hispanics/Latinos. The language was restricted to English, Spanish or Portuguese. Results: Among the 179 papers initially identified, 44 were eligible for this review after full texts were read. Although there is a constant evolution in screening, diagnosis, and treatment strategies to improve the prognosis of HCC; racial and ethnic minorities are reported to have higher mortality related to HCC. In the United States, the age-adjusted incidence of HCC in Hispanics has surpassed those of HCC in Asians. From a public health perspective, active hepatitis C and B continue to drive most of the global burden of HCC, and there is a high prevalence of these infections in Latin America. In addition, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the main risk factors for HCC in the USA, followed by alcoholic liver disease, and hepatitis C and B infections. Latin Americans have a higher prevalence of NAFLD, whereas African Americans have a lower prevalence of NAFLD. The exact contribution of genetic and environmental factors on these differences in prevalence has not been determined. While one in five HCC patients in the USA is of Hispanic ethnicity, only 38% meet the criteria for liver transplantation at the time of diagnosis. Acculturation, insurance status, and access to health care may further contribute to the observed HCC disparities among Latinos. Conclusions: The data indicates that HCC disparities in early diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes among Latinos are an important issue and need more attention. We suggest that interventions are necessary to reduce HCC disparities among Latinos in order to improve cancer-related outcomes.
Citation Format: Tulio L. Correa, Mariana S.T.C. Guelli. Hepatocellular carcinoma disparities among Latinos: A systematic literature review [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: 14th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2021 Oct 6-8. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-194.
Abstract PO-225: Patterns of colorectal cancer screening in the US: Analysis of the 2019 National Health Interview Survey
Authors: Nieves-Jimenez Humberto R. , Bumanlag Isabela M. , Jaoude Joseph Abi , Ludmir Ethan B. , Taniguchi Cullen M. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in the United States and, while there is growing conscience towards it, screening is still not widely adopted. Methodology: We used data from the 2019 National Health Interview Survey, which is a cross-sectional study that included 31,997 participants. We focused on the colorectal cancer screening module, and particularly on questions related to participants having ever had a colonoscopy (COL) or sigmoidoscopy (SIG). We then performed bivariate and multivariable analyses to assess the association between participants' variables and having had a COL or SIG. Results: In total, 22,025 participants answered the CRC screening module, and 13,383 participants (60.8%) had done a previous COL/SIG. Participants' sex was not associated with differences in the use of COL/SIG for CRC screening (OR=1.0, P=0.89). When assessing race, Hispanics (OR=0.9, P=0.03) and Asians (OR=0.7, P&lt;0.001) had less odds for undergoing COL or SIG compared to Whites. In the education scope, participants with a college degree (63.2%), some college (62.8%), and high school graduates (58.6%) had undergone more COL or SIG than those with no school or incomplete high school (52.2%). Participants born in the U.S. had more COL or SIG performed than those who were not born in the U.S. (63.6% vs. 45.5%, respectively, P&lt;0.05). Moreover, participants who do not have a usual place for healthcare underwent less COL/SIG for CRC screening (OR=0.3, P&lt;0.001). When assessing insurance, participants with a private or military health insurance were at higher odds for having a COL or SIG, as opposed to any public insurance or no insurance at all (OR=0.8, 0.4, respectively; P&lt;0.001 for both). On multivariable analysis, race, education, nativity in the U.S., insurance, and age were all independently associated with differences in the use of COL/SIG. Conclusions: Colonoscopy and sigmoidoscopy are widely used for CRC screening, however, differences in patterns of use still exist among various U.S. populations.
Citation Format: Humberto R. Nieves-Jimenez, Isabela M. Bumanlag, Joseph Abi Jaoude, Ethan B. Ludmir, Cullen M. Taniguchi. Patterns of colorectal cancer screening in the US: Analysis of the 2019 National Health Interview Survey [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: 14th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2021 Oct 6-8. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-225.
Impact of Maternal–Fetal Environment on Mortality in Children With Single Ventricle Heart Disease
Authors: Savla Jill J. , Putt Mary E. , Huang Jing , Parry Samuel , Moldenhauer Julie S. , Reilly Samantha , Youman Olivia , Rychik Jack , Mercer‐Rosa Laura , Gaynor J. William , Kawut Steven M. 
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND
Children with single ventricle heart disease have significant morbidity and mortality. The maternal–fetal environment (MFE) may adversely impact outcomes after neonatal cardiac surgery. We hypothesized that impaired MFE would be associated with an increased risk of death after stage 1 Norwood reconstruction.

METHODS AND RESULTS

We performed a retrospective cohort study of children with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (and anatomic variants) who underwent stage 1 Norwood reconstruction between 2008 and 2018. Impaired MFE was defined as maternal gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, and/or smoking during pregnancy. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to investigate the association between impaired MFE and death while adjusting for confounders. Hospital length of stay was assessed with the competing risk of in‐hospital death. In 273 children, the median age at stage 1 Norwood reconstruction was 4 days (interquartile range [IQR], 3–6 days). A total of 72 children (26%) were exposed to an impaired MFE; they had more preterm births (18% versus 7%) and a greater percentage with low birth weights <2.5 kg (18% versus 4%) than those without impaired MFE. Impaired MFE was associated with a higher risk of death (hazard ratio [HR], 6.05; 95% CI, 3.59–10.21;
P
<0.001) after adjusting for age at surgery, Hispanic ethnicity, genetic syndrome, cardiac diagnosis, surgeon, and birth era. Children with impaired MFE had almost double the risk of prolonged hospital stay (HR, 1.95; 95% CI, 1.41–2.70;
P
<0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
Children exposed to an impaired MFE had a higher risk of death following stage 1 Norwood reconstruction. Prenatal exposures are potentially modifiable factors that can be targeted to improve outcomes after pediatric cardiac surgery.
Early Electrophysiological Markers of Navigational Affordances in
Scenes
Authors: Harel Assaf , Nador Jeffery D. , Bonner Michael F. , Epstein Russell A. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Scene perception and spatial navigation are interdependent cognitive functions, and there is increasing evidence that cortical areas that process perceptual scene properties also carry information about the potential for navigation in the environment (navigational affordances). However, the temporal stages by which visual information is transformed into navigationally relevant information are not yet known. We hypothesized that navigational affordances are encoded during perceptual processing and therefore should modulate early visually evoked ERPs, especially the scene-selective P2 component. To test this idea, we recorded ERPs from participants while they passively viewed computer-generated room scenes matched in visual complexity. By simply changing the number of doors (0 doors, 1 door, 2 doors, 3 doors), we were able to systematically vary the number of pathways that afford movement in the local environment, while keeping the overall size and shape of the environment constant. We found that rooms with 0 doors evoked a higher P2 response than rooms with three doors, consistent with prior research reporting higher P2 amplitude to closed relative to open scenes. Moreover, we found P2 amplitude scaled linearly with the number of doors in the scenes. Navigability effects on the ERP waveform were also observed in a multivariate analysis, which showed significant decoding of the number of doors and their location at earlier time windows. Together, our results suggest that navigational affordances are represented in the early stages of scene perception. This complements research showing that the occipital place area automatically encodes the structure of navigable space and strengthens the link between scene perception and navigation.
Neural Dynamics of Context-sensitive Adjustments in Cognitive Flexibility
Authors: Siqi-Liu Audrey , Egner Tobias , Woldorff Marty G. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
To adaptively interact with the uncertainties of daily life, we must match our level of cognitive flexibility to situations that place different demands on our ability to focus on the current task while remaining sensitive to cues that signal other, more urgent tasks. Such cognitive-flexibility adjustments in response to changing contextual demands (metaflexibility) have been observed in cued task-switching paradigms, where the performance cost incurred by switching versus repeating tasks (switch cost) scales inversely with the proportion of switches (PS) within a block of trials. However, the neural underpinnings of these adjustments in cognitive flexibility are not well understood. Here, we recorded 64-channel EEG measures of electrical brain activity as participants switched between letter and digit categorization tasks in varying PS contexts, from which we extracted ERPs elicited by the task cue and EEG alpha-power differences during both the cue-to-target interval and the resting precue period. The temporal resolution of EEG/ERPs allowed us to test whether contextual adjustments in cognitive flexibility are mediated by tonic changes in processing mode, or by changes in phasic, task-cue-triggered processes. We observed reliable modulation of behavioral switch cost by PS context that were mirrored in both cue-evoked ERP and time–frequency effects, but not in blockwide precue EEG changes. These results indicate that different levels of cognitive flexibility are instantiated in response to the presentation of task cues, rather than by being maintained as a tonic neural-activity state difference between low- and high-switch contexts.
Understanding Memories of the Past in the Context of Different Complex Neural Network Architectures
Authors: Bohm Clifford , Kirkpatrick Douglas , Hintze Arend 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Deep learning (primarily using backpropagation) and neuroevolution are the preeminent methods of optimizing artificial neural networks. However, they often create black boxes that are as hard to understand as the natural brains they seek to mimic. Previous work has identified an information-theoretic tool, referred to as R, which allows us to quantify and identify mental representations in artificial cognitive systems. The use of such measures has allowed us to make previous black boxes more transparent. Here we extend R to not only identify where complex computational systems store memory about their environment but also to differentiate between different time points in the past. We show how this extended measure can identify the location of memory related to past experiences in neural networks optimized by deep learning as well as a genetic algorithm.
Active Role of Self-Sustained Neural Activity on Sensory Input Processing: A Minimal Theoretical Model
Authors: Santos Bruno A. , Gomes Rogerio M. , Barandiaran Xabier E. , Husbands Phil 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A growing body of work has demonstrated the importance of ongoing oscillatory neural activity in sensory processing and the generation of sensorimotor behaviors. It has been shown, for several different brain areas, that sensory-evoked neural oscillations are generated from the modulation by sensory inputs of inherent self-sustained neural activity (SSA). This letter contributes to that strand of research by introducing a methodology to investigate how much of the sensory-evoked oscillatory activity is generated by SSA and how much is generated by sensory inputs within the context of sensorimotor behavior in a computational model. We develop an abstract model consisting of a network of three Kuramoto oscillators controlling the behavior of a simulated agent performing a categorical perception task. The effects of sensory inputs and SSAs on sensory-evoked oscillations are quantified by the cross product of velocity vectors in the phase space of the network under different conditions (disconnected without input, connected without input, and connected with input). We found that while the agent is carrying out the task, sensory-evoked activity is predominantly generated by SSA (93.10%) with much less influence from sensory inputs (6.90%). Furthermore, the influence of sensory inputs can be reduced by 10.4% (from 6.90% to 6.18%) with a decay in the agent's performance of only 2%. A dynamical analysis shows how sensory-evoked oscillations are generated from a dynamic coupling between the level of sensitivity of the network and the intensity of the input signals. This work may suggest interesting directions for neurophysiological experiments investigating how self-sustained neural activity influences sensory input processing, and ultimately affects behavior.
Eumenides and the Invention of Politics
Authors: Steinberger Peter J. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Recent scholarship has shown that the Eumenides of Aeschylus, far from presenting a complete and coherent picture of the well-ordered polis, in fact offers something quite different, namely, a complex set of questions, concerns and conundrums regarding the very nature of political society. But I suggest that the literature has not yet provided a fully satisfying account of the ways in which those questions are underwritten by the specifically literary practice of Aeschylus as it develops the play’s larger theoretical – especially moral – implications. I argue that the Eumenides can fruitfully be read as a sustained exercise in the subversion of expectations that unsettles its audience and thereby opens up a discursive and aesthetic space for the development of a distinctive political problematic; and further, that this problematic involves a challenging series of meditations on what today would be called political ethics, broadly conceived.