bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preclinical dental training: Association between fine motor skills and compliance with ergonomic posture techniques
Authors: Neves Tamíris da Costa , Carrer Hallak Julia , Margato Pazos Júlia , Garcia Patrícia Petromilli Nordi Sasso 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the dental students' fine motor skills and their compliance with ergonomic posture techniques over the course of a preclinical training year. The correlation between fine motor skills and compliance was also assessed.MethodsThe ergonomic posture of students enrolled in the second year of a five‐year undergraduate dental degree programme (n = 62) was assessed using the Compliance Assessment of Dental Ergonomic Posture Requirements (CADEP). This assessment relied on photographs of the students performing preclinical laboratory procedures during the school year. The photographs of each procedure received a score, and the final score obtained (0 to 10) corresponded to the extent of the student's compliance with ergonomic posture techniques. Initial compliance was calculated during the first two months of the training programme, whilst final compliance was calculated during the last two months. Fine motor skills were evaluated using the modified Dental Manual Dexterity Assessment (DMDA), which was also applied at the beginning and the end of the school year. Data were assessed statistically by Student's paired t test, and the correlation between fine motor skills and compliance with ergonomic posture techniques was estimated by Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) and Student's t test (α = 0.05).ResultsThe compliance scores were higher at the end of the academic year than at the beginning of year (p < 0.001; t = −5.300). Fine motor skills improved significantly with time (p < 0.001; t = −10.975). Non‐significant correlations were found between students’ fine motor skills and their economic posture compliance both at the beginning (r = −0.197; p = 0.126) and at the end of the training year (r = 0.226; p = 0.078).ConclusionThe students' manual dexterity and compliance with ergonomic posture techniques increased over the course of the preclinical training year, and the correlation between students’ fine motor skills and their ergonomic posture compliance was not significant.
Clinico‐genetic spectrum of limb‐girdle muscular weakness in Austria: A multicentre cohort study
Authors: Krenn Martin , Tomschik Matthias , Wagner Matias , Zulehner Gudrun , Weng Rosa , Rath Jakob , Klotz Sigrid , Gelpi Ellen , Bsteh Gabriel , Keritam Omar , Colonna Isabella , Paternostro Chiara , Jäger Fiona , Lindeck‐Pozza Elisabeth , Iglseder Stephan , Grinzinger Susanne , Schönfelder Martina , Hohenwarter Christina , Freimüller Manfred , Embacher Norbert , Wanschitz Julia , Topakian Raffi , Töpf Ana , Straub Volker , Quasthoff Stefan , Zimprich Fritz , Löscher Wolfgang N. , Cetin Hakan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeHereditary myopathies with limb‐girdle muscular weakness (LGW) are a genetically heterogeneous group of disorders, in which molecular diagnosis remains challenging. Our aim was to present a detailed clinical and genetic characterization of a large cohort of patients with LGW.MethodsThis nationwide cohort study included patients with LGW suspected to be associated with hereditary myopathies. Parameters associated with specific genetic aetiologies were evaluated, and we further assessed how they predicted the detection of causative variants by conducting genetic analyses.ResultsMolecular diagnoses were identified in 62.0% (75/121) of the cohort, with a higher proportion of patients diagnosed by next‐generation sequencing (NGS) than by single‐gene testing (77.3% vs. 22.7% of solved cases). The median (interquartile range) time from onset to genetic diagnosis was 8.9 (3.7–19.9) and 17.8 (7.9–27.8) years for single‐gene testing and NGS, respectively. The most common diagnoses were myopathies associated with variants in CAPN3 (n = 9), FKRP (n = 9), ANO5 (n = 8), DYSF (n = 8) and SGCA (n = 5), which together accounted for 32.2% of the cohort. Younger age at disease onset (p = 0.043), >10× elevated creatine kinase activity levels (p = 0.024) and myopathic electromyography findings (p = 0.007) were significantly associated with the detection of causative variants.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that an earlier use of NGS in patients with LGW is needed to avoid long diagnostic delays. We further present parameters predictive of a molecular diagnosis that may help to select patients for genetic analyses, especially in centres with limited access to sequencing.
Using nirmatrelvir/ritonavir in patients with epilepsy: An update from the Israeli chapter of the International League Against Epilepsy
Authors: Noyman Iris , Ekstein Dana , Fahoum Firas , Herskovitz Moshe , Linder Ilan , Ben Zeev Bruria , Eyal Sara 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPresented herein are recommendations for use of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir in patients with epilepsy, as issued by the Steering Committee of the Israeli chapter of the International League Against Epilepsy. The recommendations suggest that patients on moderate‐to‐strong enzyme‐inducing antiseizure medications (ASMs) and everolimus should not be treated with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir; rectal diazepam may be used as an alternative to buccal midazolam; doses of ASMs that are cytochrome P450 (CYP3A4) substrates might be adjusted; and patients treated with combinations of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir and ASMs that are CYP3A4 substrates or lamotrigine should be monitored for drug efficacy and adverse drug reactions.
Pattern, function and constraint of infant handling in wild Japanese macaques
Authors: Sekizawa Maisa , Kutsukake Nobuyuki 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn group‐living primates, non‐mother individuals frequently contact and handle an infant. Although previous studies showed that the function of this behaviour varies among and within species, few have considered a possibility the handlers’ accessibility to an infant may be restricted by a social relationship between the handlers and infants’ mothers. Considering this proximate constraint on the choice and handling of an infant, we aimed to clarify the function of infant handling in wild Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata). We collected behavioural data on infant handling from 24 mother–infant pairs over three years on Kinkazan Island, Japan. We tested the predictions of three functional hypotheses: learning‐to‐mother, kin selection and reproductive competition among females. We found that handling by males rarely occurred. The proximity between mother and a potential handler positively affected the frequency of infant handling, and its effect interacted with the handler's parity, kinship and relative dominance relationship with the mother. Hence, the effects of handlers’ proximity were prominent for nulliparous, related and relatively lower‐ranked females relative to parous, unrelated and higher‐ranked females. We also found that infants were handled positively in most cases. These results fit the predictions of the learning‐to‐mother hypothesis and kin selection hypothesis, indicating that the functions of infant handling varied with the attributes of the handlers. This study provides rare results clarifying the function of infant handling in wild primates, based on the fact that handler behaviour is constrained by accessibility to the mother.
Whole‐genome analysis reveals the hybrid formation of Chinese indigenous DHB pig following human migration
Authors: Wang Yuzhan , Zhang Chunyuan , Peng Yebo , Cai Xinyu , Hu Xiaoxiang , Bosse Mirte , Zhao Yiqiang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHybridization is widespread in nature and is a valuable tool in domestic breeding. The DHB (DaHuaBai) pig in South China is the product of such a breeding strategy, resulting in increased body weight compared with other pigs in the surrounding area. We analyzed genomic data from 20 Chinese pig breeds and investigated the genomic architecture after breed formation of DHB. The breed showed inconsistency in genotype and body weight phenotype, in line with selection after hybridization. By quantifying introgression with a haplotype‐based approach, we proposed a two‐step introgression from large‐sized pigs into small‐sized pigs to produce DHB, consistent with the human migration events in Chinese history. Combining with gene prioritization and allele frequency analysis, we identify candidate genes that showed selection after introgression and that may affect body weight, such as IGF1R, SRC, and PCM1. Our research provides an example of a hybrid formation of domestic breeds along with human migration patterns.
Risk of diabetes in haemophilia patients compared to clinic and non‐clinic control cohorts
Authors: Pandey Braj , Barnes Richard F.W. , Sun Haowei (Linda) , Jackson Shannon , Kruse‐Jarres Rebecca , Quon Doris V. , von Drygalski Annette 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionAgeing patients with haemophilia (PWH) develop cardiovascular risk factors impacting care. Little is known about the prevalence of diabetes in PWH and its relation to other comorbidities.AimTo examine the risk of diabetes for adult PWH compared to men from the general United States population (National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys [NHANES]) and outpatients attending a Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VAMC) clinic.MethodsRetrospective cross‐sectional design. PWH from four haemophilia centres (n = 690) were matched with random samples from NHANES and VAMC. Diabetes (yes/no) was the outcome, while age, body mass index (BMI), race and Hepatitis C (HCV; by serology) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positivity were covariates. We fitted semiparametric generalized additive models (GAMs) in order to compare diabetes risk between cohorts.ResultsYounger PWH were at lower risk of diabetes than NHANES or VAMC subjects irrespective of BMI. However, the risk of diabetes rose in older PWH and was closely associated with HCV. For HCV‐negative subjects, the risk of diabetes was considerably lower for PWH than NHANES and VAMC subjects. The difference persisted after controlling for BMI and age, indicating that the low risk of diabetes in PWH cannot be explained by lean body mass alone.ConclusionSince many ageing PWH are HCV positive and therefore at heightened risk for diabetes, it is important to incorporate diabetes screening into care algorithms in Haemophilia Treatment Centers, especially since PWH are not always followed in primary care clinics.
Renal cell carcinoma in children and adolescents: a retrospective study of a French–Italian series of 93 cases
Authors: Denize Thomas , Massa Simona , Valent Alexander , Militti Lucia , Bertolotti Alessia , Barisella Marta , Rioux‐Leclercq Nathalie , Malouf Gabriel G , Spreafico Filippo , Verschuur Arnauld , van der Beek Justine , Tytgat Lieve , van den Heuvel‐Eibrink Marry M , Vujanic Gordan , Collini Paola , Coulomb Aurore 
Published: March 2022

AimsRenal cell carcinomas (RCCs) represent 2–5% of kidney malignancies in children and adolescents. Appropriate diagnostic and classification are crucial for the correct management of the patients and in order to avoid inappropriate pre‐operative chemotherapy, which is usually recommended if a Wilms' tumour is suspected.Methods and resultsA French–Italian series of 93 renal cell carcinomas collected from 1990 to 2019 in patients aged less than 18 years was reclassified according to the 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) classification and the latest literature. TFE3 and TFEB fluorescence in‐situ hybridisation (FISH) analyses and a panel of immunohistochemical stains were applied. The median age at diagnosis was 11 years (range = 9 months–17 years). MiT family (MiTF) translocation RCCs accounted for 52% of the tumours, followed by papillary (20%) and unclassified RCCs (13%). Other subtypes, such as SDHB‐deficient and fumarate hydratase‐deficient RCCs, represented 1–3% of the cases. We also described a case of ALK‐rearranged RCC with a metanephric adenoma‐like morphology.ConclusionA precise histological diagnosis is mandatory, as targeted therapy could be applied for some RCC subtypes, i.e. MiTF‐translocation and ALK‐translocation RCC. Moreover, some RCC subtypes may be associated with a predisposition syndrome that will impact patients' and family's management and genetic counselling. A precise RCC subtype is also mandatory for the clinical management of the patients and inclusion in new prospective clinical trials.
Enzymatically hydrolysed asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) hard‐stem exhibits the ability to inhibit angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE)
Authors: Huang Yu‐Chun , Sridhar Kandi , Tsai Pi‐Jen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAsparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) hard‐stem, woody bottom of the asparagus stalk, is a rich source of bioactive compounds and is discarded as an eco‐friendly agricultural waste. Therefore, we intended to explore the antioxidant, amino acid composition, and antihypertensive potentials of enzymatically hydrolysed asparagus hard‐stem. The treated samples exhibited higher total free amino acids (11437 mg 100 g−1), total phenolics (1749 mg 100 g−1), and ability to inhibit (78.38%) angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) compared to control (ACE inhibition of 46.88%). Hydrophobic amino acids (39%) and gallic acid (48%) were the highly eluted bioactive compounds. The ability to inhibit ACE had been positively correlated with hydrophobic amino acids (r = 0.959–0.987) and gallic acid (r = 0.966), indicating the role of amino acids and phenolics in controlling ACE reactions. Thus, asparagus hard‐stem can be a potential source to develop natural health supplements for the management of hypertension and related health risks.
Sustainable production of eicosapentaenoic acid-rich oil from microalgae: Towards an algal biorefinery
Authors: Sivakumar Rohith , Sachin Sharika , Priyadarshini Rajashri , Ghosh Sanjoy 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Utilization of sustainable natural resources such as microalgae has been considered for the production of biofuels, aquaculture feed, high-value bioactives such as omega-3 fatty acids, carotenoids, etc. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is an omega-3 fatty acid present in fish oil, which is of physiological importance to both humans and fish. Marine microalgae are sustainable sources of lipid rich in EPA, and different species have been explored for the production of EPA as a single product. There has been a rising interest in the concept of a multi-product biorefinery, focusing on the maximum valorization of the algal biomass. Targeting one or more value-added compounds in a biorefinery scenario can improve the commercial viability of low-value products such as triglycerides for biofuel. This approach has been viewed by technologists and experts as a sustainable and economically feasible possibility for the large-scale production of microalgae for its potential applications in biodiesel and jet fuel production, nutraceuticals, animal and aquaculture feeds, etc. In this review paper, we describe the recent developments in the production of high-value EPA-rich oil from microalgae, emphasizing the upstream and downstream bioprocess techniques, and the advantages of considering an EPA-rich oil-based biorefinery.
The relationship of endothelial function and arterial stiffness with subclinical target organ damage in essential hypertension
Authors: Sun Yancui , Liu Fei , Zhang Ying , Lu Yan , Su Zhuolin , Ji Haizhe , Cheng Yunpeng , Song Wei , Hidru Tesfaldet H. , Yang Xiaolei , Jiang Yinong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to explore whether brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) and brachial artery flow‐mediated dilation (FMD) or the interaction of both parameters are associated with subclinical target organ damage (STOD) indices in patients with essential hypertension. A total of 4618 patients registered from January 2015 to October 2020 were included. baPWV and FMD were measured to evaluate arterial stiffness and endothelial dysfunction. Whereas left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), urine albumin‐creatinine ratio (UACR), and carotid intima‐media thickness (CIMT) were obtained as STOD indicators. On multivariable logistic regression analysis with potential confounders, higher quartiles of baPWV and FMD were significantly associated with an increased risk of STOD. In patients <65 years of age, the odds ratio (OR) of LVH, UACR, and CIMT ≥.9 mm for the fourth versus the first quartile of baPWV were 1.765 (1.390–2.240), 2.832 (2.014–3.813), and 3.075 (2.315–4.084), respectively. In interaction analysis, an increase in baPWV shows a progressively higher risk of STOD across the quartiles of FMD. Also, the estimated absolute risks of LVH, UACR, and CIMT ≥.9 mm for the first to fourth quartile of baPWV increased from 1.88 to 2.75, 2.35 to 4.44, and 3.10 to 6.10, respectively, in patients grouped by FMD quartiles. The addition of baPWV to FMD slightly improved risk prediction for STOD. BaPWV and FMD were independently associated with an increased risk of STOD in patients with essential hypertension especially among patients <65 years of age. Patients with elevated baPWV and decreased FMD parameters are at increased risk of STOD.
JAK/STAT: Why choose a classical or an alternative pathway when you can have both?
Authors: Puigdevall Léna , Michiels Camille , Stewardson Clara , Dumoutier Laure 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA subset of cytokines triggers the JAK‐STAT pathway to exert various functions such as the induction of inflammation and immune responses. The receptors for these cytokines are dimers/trimers of transmembrane proteins devoid of intracellular kinase activity. Instead, they rely on Janus kinases (JAKs) for signal transduction. Classical JAK‐STAT signalling involves phosphorylation of cytokine receptors' intracellular tyrosines, which subsequently serve as docking sites for the recruitment and activation of STATs. However, there is evidence to show that several cytokine receptors also use a noncanonical, receptor tyrosine‐independent path to induce activation of STAT proteins. We identified two main alternative modes of STAT activation. The first involves an association between a tyrosine‐free region of the cytokine receptor and STATs, while the second seems to depend on a direct interaction between JAK and STAT proteins. We were able to identify the use of noncanonical mechanisms by almost a dozen cytokine receptors, suggesting they have some importance. These alternative pathways and the receptors that employ them are discussed in this review.
Psoriasis and metabolic syndrome: implications for the management and treatment of psoriasis
Authors: Wu J.J. , Kavanaugh A. , Lebwohl M.G. , Gniadecki R. , Merola J.F. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPsoriasis is a chronic systemic inflammatory disorder associated with several comorbidities in addition to the characteristic skin lesions. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is the most frequent comorbidity in psoriasis and a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, a major cause of death among patients with psoriasis. Although the exact causal relationship between these two disorders is not fully established, the underlying pathophysiology linking psoriasis and MetS seems to involve overlapping genetic predispositions and inflammatory pathways. Dysregulation of the IL‐23/Th‐17 immune signalling pathway is central to both pathologies and may be key to promoting susceptibility to metabolic and cardiovascular diseases in individuals with and without psoriasis. Thus, biological treatments for psoriasis that interrupt these signals could both reduce the psoriatic inflammatory burden and also lessen the risk of developing atherosclerosis and cardiometabolic diseases. In support of this hypothesis, improvement of skin lesions was associated with improvement in vascular inflammation in recent imaging studies, demonstrating that the beneficial effect of biological agents goes beyond the skin and could help to prevent cardiovascular disease. This review will summarize current knowledge on underlying inflammatory mechanisms shared between psoriasis and MetS and discuss the most recent clinical evidence for the potential for psoriasis treatment to reduce cardiovascular risk.
Overweight, obesity and excessive weight gain in pregnancy as risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes: A narrative review
Authors: Langley‐Evans Simon C. , Pearce Jo , Ellis Sarah 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe global prevalence of overweight and obesity in pregnancy is rising and this represents a significant challenge for the management of pregnancy and delivery. Women who have a pre‐pregnancy body mass index greater than 25 kg m–2are more likely than those with a body mass index in the ideal range (20–24.99 kg m–2) to have problems conceiving a child and are at greater risk of miscarriage and stillbirth. All pregnancy complications are more likely with overweight, obesity and excessive gestational weight gain, including those that pose a significant threat to the lives of mothers and babies. Labour complications arise more often when pregnancies are complicated by overweight and obesity. Pregnancy is a stage of life when women have greater openness to messages about their lifestyle and health. It is also a time when they come into greater contact with health professionals. Currently management of pregnancy weight gain and the impact of overweight tends to be poor, although a number of research studies have demonstrated that appropriate interventions based around dietary change can be effective in controlling weight gain and reducing the risk of pregnancy complications. The development of individualised and flexible plans for avoiding adverse outcomes of obesity in pregnancy will require investment in training of health professionals and better integration into normal antenatal care.
Lack of association between 11 gene polymorphisms on weight loss 1 year after Roux‐en‐y gastric bypass surgery in woman
Authors: Novais Patrícia Fatima Sousa , Crisp Alex Harley , Leandro‐Merhi Vania Aparecida , Verlengia Rozangela , Rasera Irineu , de Oliveira Maria Rita Marques 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlthough effective, the impact of bariatric surgery on weight loss is variable, and little is known about the influence of single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The present study investigated the association of eleven SNPs related to obesity with weight loss 1 year after Roux‐Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery in female patients.MethodsThis prospective study included 351 women with obesity. The genotypes for eleven SNPs (GHRL–rs26802; GHSR–rs572169; LEP–rs7799039; LEPR–rs1137101; 5HT2C–rs3813929; UCP2–rs659366; UCP3–rs1800849; SH2B1–rs7498665; TAS1R2–rs35874116; TAS1R2–rs9701796; FTO–rs9939609) were determined using a real‐time polymerase chain reaction and TaqMan assays. Anthropometric measurements were performed before and 1 year after RYGB surgery. To evaluate the factors that influenced the proportion of weight loss 1 year after surgery, beta regression analysis was used. The models were estimated using the GLIMMIX procedure in SAS statistical software. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsThe mean ± SD percentage of total body weight loss in 1 year was 64.4 ± 5.8% and the median was 65.0%. When assessing the proportion of weight loss in 1 year after surgery, using univariate analysis (beta regression), no SNPs influenced weight loss. Furthermore, in the multiple analysis, with stepwise process of variable selection, no variable was significant to compose the multiple model.ConclusionsThe 11 SNPs investigated did not influence weight loss 1 year after RYGB surgery in female patients. This result indicates that individual behaviours and other factors might better contribute to the magnitude of loss weight loss in a short period after bariatric surgery.