bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Truncated Tau caused by intron retention is enriched in Alzheimer’s disease cortex and exhibits altered biochemical properties
Authors: Ngian Zhen-Kai , Tan Yow-Yong , Choo Ching-Thong , Lin Wei-Qi , Leow Chao-Yong , Mah Shan-Jie , Lai Mitchell Kim-Peng , Chen Christopher Li-Hsian , Ong Chin-Tong 
Published: September 2022

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-β plaques and Tau tangles in brain tissues. Recent studies indicate that aberrant splicing and increased level of intron retention is linked to AD pathogenesis. Bioinformatic analysis revealed increased retention of intron 11 at the
Tau
gene in AD female dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex as compared to healthy controls, an observation validated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction using different brain tissues. Retention of intron 11 introduces a premature stop codon, resulting in the production of truncated Tau11i protein. Probing with customized antibodies designed against amino acids encoded by intron 11 showed that Tau11i protein is more enriched in AD hippocampus, amygdala, parietal, temporal, and frontal lobe than in healthy controls. This indicates that
Tau
messenger RNA with the retained intron is translated in vivo instead of being subjected to nonsense-mediated decay. Compared to full-length Tau441 isoform, ectopically expressed Tau11i forms higher molecular weight species, is enriched in Sarkosyl-insoluble fraction, and exhibits greater protein stability in cycloheximide assay. Stably expressed Tau11i also shows weaker colocalization with α-tubulin of microtubule network in human mature cortical neurons as compared to Tau441. Endogenous Tau11i is enriched in Sarkosyl-insoluble fraction in AD hippocampus and forms aggregates that colocalize weakly with Tau4R fibril-like structure in AD temporal lobe. The elevated level of Tau11i protein in AD brain tissues tested, coupled with biochemical properties resembling pathological Tau species suggest that retention of intron 11 of Tau gene might be an early biomarker of AD pathology.
Subject pronouns in Spanish-English code-switching
Authors: Bustin Amy , Muntendam Antje , Sunderman Gretchen 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWhile the Minimalist Program argues that Spanish-English code-switches between pronominal subjects and finite verbs are ungrammatical (Van Gelderen & MacSwan, 2008), the MLF/4-M models (Myers-Scotton, 1993;Myers-Scotton & Jake, 2000) predict their grammaticality when overt pronouns are obligatory in both languages (e.g., contrastive focus). In this study, we test the contrary predictions of these models using a code-switching production task. Thirty-eight Spanish-English bilinguals (31 female; Age: 18–23 years) completed a concurrent memory-loaded repetition task where visual primes forced broad or contrastive focus interpretations. We also examined the effects of switch direction, code-switching frequency, and language dominance. The results showed that code-switches between a Spanish overt pronoun and an English inflected verb were more accurately produced in the contrastive focus than the broad focus condition, lending support for the MLF/4-M models. No effect of code-switching frequency was found. Finally, higher Spanish dominance resulted in more accurate production of these code-switches.
The development of the Chinese VdeO cleft construction
Authors: Zhan Fangqiong , Pan Haihua 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis paper addresses the development of the Chinese VdeO cleft construction, and how the cleft constructional network was developed in the history of Chinese. It is argued that VdeO clefts emerged in the 13th century which was about 300 years later than VPdeclefts. A key factor in their development is the use in Middle Chinese of relative clause in post-copula position. We argue that the emergence of VdeO clefts also involved analogization to the extant VPdeclefts as well as deferred equatives. Once VdeO clefts occurred, they were recruited into the cleft network as a subschema, resulting in the schematic network being augmented and expanded. This study is a contribution to the developing field of constructionalization by making more explicit the way how nodes are created in a constructional network and how the network is reorganized and expanded.
Workload and cognitive architecture in translation
Authors: Maier Robert M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis article endeavours to sketch out a consistent merger of models of language production and bilingualism that are currently used in the fields of Translation and Interpreting and of psycholinguistics. The workload resource of Cognitive Verbal Processing and the processing components that it serves are found to be of particular interest in this interdisciplinary perspective. Known psycholinguistic effects that involve workload (i.e., a function of activation energy) are outlined with particular emphasis on their possible relevance in translation processing. This suggests a number of potential lines of research for both fields.
The effect of Marangoni convection on mass transfer in a rising droplet with surface reaction
Authors: Denisova M O , Kostarev К G 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Dispersing of the medium from which the desired component is extracted is still one of the main approaches to liquid extraction. However, despite its high efficiency, this approach is still of empirical nature, since the choice of the main parameters - the average drop diameter and the residence time of the drop in the surrounding liquid (the extractant) - is determined by experiment in relation to the initial concentration of the extracted substance (reagent). The main difficulty with a full-scale theoretical treatment and numerical simulation is a three-dimensional shape of the droplet and, accordingly, the lack of experimental data on the structure of convective flows and the dynamics of reagent concentration fields in the moving droplet. The situation can get worse when the extracted component is a surfactant or reactive against the extractant. The paper presents the results of an experimental study of the structure and evolution of flows and distribution of a reagent (acetic acid) diffusing from a rising cylindrical droplet with an insoluble base component into a chemically active medium (aqueous sodium hydroxide solution). The motion of the droplet is accompanied by the development of Marangoni convection and neutralization reaction on the droplet surface.
An overview of the applicability of SNI IEC 61331-1:2016 on Lead apron for medical use
Authors: Darmawati Suzie , Sunarto Sunarto , Yasmine Hanna , Santosa Sigit 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The use of lead apron for radiation protection is regulated under the Indonesia Nuclear Regulatory Agency (BAPETEN) Decree no. 8 year 2011 about Radiation Safety and the Use of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiological X-Ray Machine. It listed the apron specifications are as follows: having thickness equivalent to 0.2 mm Pb or 0.25 mm Pb for diagnostic use and equivalent to 0.35 mm Pb or 0.5 mm Pb for interventional use. Further, National Standardization Agency (BSN) had issued SNI IEC 61331-1:2016, providing guidance for testing the plate materials on the apron using 400 kV x-ray machine and 1.3 MeV gamma exposure with narrow beam, to measure the attenuation ratio and air kerma rate. The method used is to determine the attenuation ratio, build-up factors, and equivalent attenuation coefficient. There were 4 different aprons (A, B, C, and D) with 9 measurement points. The results showed the air kerma rate without apron was 0.664 mGy/second, the air kerma rate with lead-equivalent layer was 0.0006 mGy/second, and the best result was produced using the apron C, with the attenuation ratio ranging from 17.2 to 29.1, showing the most homogeneity.
Graded Approach Establishment for the HTGR Maintenance Activities Using Modified Fuzzy FMEA & Expert Judgement Methodology
Authors: Ngarayana W , Murakami K 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Grading is an important step of the Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) operation & maintenance activities. However, there are several grading difficulties for the High Temperature Gas Reactor (HTGR) as well as the other type of NPPs causing by the lack of operational experiences and availability of the reliability data. Failure Mode & Effects Analysis (FMEA) is one of the mature techniques that are commonly used to solve such kinds of difficulties. Nevertheless, traditional FMEA has several issues and possibly become an obstacle in the grading process. The modified FMEA by utilizing expert judgment elicitation techniques combined with the fuzzy logic theory is proposed to solve those issues. As a study practice, the proposed methodology is applied by examining Japanese’s HTGR, Gas Turbine High Temperature Reactor 300 for Cogeneration (GTHTR300C) design carefully. This study establishing good practice especially for the future advanced NPP maintenance activities development.
A hybrid pixel detector with 4D information for dynamic synchrotron radiation applications
Authors: Wei W. , Zhang J. , Cui S. , Li Z. , Li M. , Wang Y. , Wang Z. , Jiang X. , Zhu K. , Liu P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
TETPIX is a hybrid pixel detector designed for dynamic synchrotron radiation applications. It is based on hit-driven readout scheme. 4D information of every incoming photon, including 2D position, timing, and energy, can be detected at the same time. The chip consists of a 64 × 32 pixel array with a pixel size of 150 μm × 150 μm. A module system is designed with a sensitive area of 2 cm × 2 cm, and tested at synchrotron radiation beamlines. The results show an energy resolution better than 16% over a range of 10–15 keV, and a capability of fine timing structure detection.
Optical properties of low background PEN structural components for the Legend-200 experiment
Authors: Manzanillas L. , Efremenko Y. , Febbraro M. , Fischer F. , Guitart Corominas M. , Hackett B. , Leonhardt A. , Majorovits B. , Schulz O. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Polyethylene Naphthalate (PEN) plastic scintillator has been
identified as potential self-vetoing structural material in
low-background physics experiments. Radio-pure scintillating
components have been produced from PEN using injection compression
molding technology. These low-background PEN components will be used
as optically active holders to mount the Germanium detectors in the
Legend-200 neutrinoless double beta decay experiment. In
this paper, we present the measurement of the optical properties of
these PEN components. The scintillation light emission spectrum,
time constant, attenuation and bulk absorption length as well as
light output and light yield are reported. In addition, the surface
of these PEN components has been characterized and an estimation of
the surface roughness is presented. The light output of the final
Legend-200 detector holders has been measured and is
reported. These measurements were used to estimate the self-vetoing
efficiency of these holders.
Comparative assessment of passive scattering and active scanning proton therapy techniques using Monte Carlo simulations
Authors: Asadi A. , Hosseini S.A. , Akhavanallaf A. , Vosoughi N. , Zaidi H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background: in this study, two proton beam delivery
designs, i.e. passive scattering proton therapy (PSPT) and pencil
beam scanning (PBS), were quantitatively compared in terms of
dosimetric indices. The GATE Monte Carlo (MC) particle transport
code was used to simulate the proton beam system; and the developed
simulation engines were benchmarked with respect to the experimental
measurements.

Method: a water phantom was used to simulate system energy
parameters using a set of depth-dose data in the energy range of
120–235 MeV. To compare the performance of PSPT against PBS,
multiple dosimetric parameters including Bragg peak width
(BP
W50), peak position, range, peak-to-entrance dose ratio,
penumbra(90-10)%, penumbra(80-20)%, M
95% and dose volume
histogram have been analyzed under the same conditions. Furthermore,
the clinical test cases introduced by AAPM TG-119 were simulated in
both beam delivery modes to compare the relevant clinical values
obtained from Dose Volume Histogram (DVH) analysis.

Results: the parametric comparison in the water phantom
between the two techniques revealed that the value of
peak-to-entrance dose ratio in PSPT is considerably higher than that
from PBS by a factor of 8%. In addition, the BP_W50,
penumbra(90-10)%,
penumbra(80-20)%, and M
95% in PSPT was
increased by a factor of 7, 51, 37, and 2.7%, respectively
compared to the corresponding value obtained from PBS model. TG-119
phantom simulations showed that the difference of PTV mean dose
between PBS and PSPT techniques are up to 1.8% while the
difference of max dose to organ at risks (OARs) exceeds 50%.

Conclusion: the results of this simulation show that
although the passive scattering design method has a slightly higher
ability to adjust the dose in target volume, but the active scanning
proton therapy systems was superior in dose painting, and lower
out-of-field dose compared to passive scattering design.
Experimental characterisation of diamond-based neutron spectrometer
Authors: Gaganov V.V. , Ryabeva E.V. , Molodtsev D.A. , Ibragimov R.F. , Vershinin I.S. , Kokorev Y.A. , Urupa I.V. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The results of testing and characterisation of the neutron
spectrometer based on a diamond detector are presented. It is shown
that spectrometer calibration with monoenergetic electrons and
alpha-particles leads to different results. The energy resolution of
the spectrometer is estimated based on the experiments with
alpha-particles and with DT-neutrons from NG-150M neutron
generator. It has been shown experimentally that for neutrons with
an energy of 14 MeV the energy resolution of a diamond-based
spectrometer is 0.6%.
Tailoring the bending pattern of non-uniformly flexible pitching hydrofoils enhances propulsive efficiency
Authors: Han Tianjun , Mivehchi Amin , Kurt Melike , Moored Keith W 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We present new measurements of non-uniformly flexible pitching foils fabricated with a rigid leading section joined to a flexible trailing section. This construction enables us to vary the bending pattern and resonance condition of the foils independently. A novel effective flexibility, defined as the ratio of added mass forces to elastic forces, is proposed and shown to provide a scaling for the natural frequencies of the fluid-structural system. Foils with very flexible trailing sections of EI < 1.81 × 10−5 N m2 do not show a detectable resonance and are classified as ‘non-resonating’ as opposed to ‘resonating’ foils. Moreover, the non-resonating foils exhibit a novel bending pattern where the foil has a discontinuous hinge-like deflection instead of the smooth beam-like deflection of the resonating foils. Performance measurements reveal that both resonating and non-resonating foils can achieve high propulsive efficiencies of around 50% or more. It is discovered that non-uniformly flexible foils outperform their rigid and uniformly flexible counterparts, and that there is an optimal flexion ratio from 0.4 ⩽ λ ⩽ 0.7 that maximizes the efficiency. Furthermore, this optimal range coincides with the flexion ratios observed in nature. Performance is also compared under the same dimensionless flexural rigidity, R*, which highlights that at the same flexion ratio more flexible foils achieve higher peak efficiencies. Overall, to achieve high propulsive efficiency non-uniformly flexible hydrofoils should (1) oscillate above their first natural frequency, (2) have a flexion ratio in the range of 0.4 ⩽ λ ⩽ 0.7 and (3) have a small dimensionless rigidity at their optimal flexion ratio. Scaling laws for rigid pitching foils are found to be valid for non-uniformly flexible foils as long as the measured amplitude response is used and the deflection angle of the trailing section β is < 45°. This work provides guidance for the development of high-performance underwater vehicles using simple purely pitching bio-inspired propulsive drives.
Numerical modeling of a self-propelled dolphin jump out of water
Authors: Bergmann Michel 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A computational model is developed to investigate the jump of a self-propelled dolphin out of water. This model relies on the Navier–Stokes equations, where a fictitious domain approach with the volume penalization method is used for fluid-structure coupling, and the continuous surface force approach is used to model the water–air interface, the latter being tracked in a level-set framework. The dolphin's geometry is based on freely available data from the literature. While body deformation is imposed, the leading linear and angular displacements are computed from Newton’s laws. Numerical simulations show that it is necessary to generate large propulsives forces to allow the jump out of water. When the dolphin is out of water, its trajectory follows a purely ballistic one.
Characteristics of human thermal stress in South Asia during 1981–2019
Authors: Ullah Safi , You Qinglong , Wang Guojie , Ullah Waheed , Sachindra D A , Yan Yechao , Bhatti Asher Samuel , Abbas Adnan , Jan Mushtaq Ahmad 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Climate change has significantly increased the frequency and intensity of human thermal stress, with relatively more severe impacts than those of pure temperature extremes. Despite its major threats to public health, limited studies have assessed spatiotemporal changes in human thermal stress in densely populated regions, like South Asia (SAS). The present study assessed spatiotemporal changes in human thermal stress characteristics in SAS, based on daily minimum, maximum, and mean Universal Thermal Climate Indices (i.e. UTCImin, UTCImax, and UTCImean) using the newly developed high-spatial-resolution database of the thermal-stress Indices over South and East Asia for the period 1981–2019. This study is the first of its kind to assess spatiotemporal changes in UTCI indices over the whole of SAS. The study also carried out extreme events analysis of the UTCI indices and explored their nexus with El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) index. Results revealed a significant increase in heat stress in SAS, with the highest human thermal stress in western Afghanistan, the Indo-Gangetic Plain, and southeastern, and central parts. The extreme event analysis showed that the study region is likely to observe more frequent and intense heat extremes in the coming decades. The correlation of UTCI indices with ENSO exhibited a robust positive coherence in southeastern and central India, southern Pakistan, and northwestern Afghanistan. The findings of the study are critical in understanding human thermal stress and adopting effective risk reduction strategies against heat extremes in SAS. To better understand the dynamic mechanism of thermal extremes, the study recommends a detailed investigation of the underlying drivers of UTCI variability in SAS.
Are vegetation influences on Arctic–boreal snow melt rates detectable across the Northern Hemisphere?
Authors: Kropp Heather , Loranty Michael M , Rutter Nick , Fletcher Christopher G , Derksen Chris , Mudryk Lawrence , Todt Markus 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The timing and rate of northern high latitude spring snowmelt plays a critical role in surface albedo, hydrology, and soil carbon cycling. Ongoing changes in the abundance and distribution of trees and shrubs in tundra and boreal ecosystems can alter snowmelt via canopy impacts on surface energy partitioning. It is unclear whether vegetation-related processes observed at the ecosystem scale influence snowmelt patterns at regional or continental scales. We examined the influence of vegetation cover on snowmelt across the boreal and Arctic region across a ten-year reference period (2000–2009) using a blended snow water equivalent (SWE) data product and gridded estimates of surface temperature, tree cover, and land cover characterized by the dominant plant functional type. Snow melt rates were highest in locations with a late onset of melt, higher temperatures during the melt period, and higher maximum SWE before the onset of melt. After controlling for temperature, melt onset, and the maximum SWE, we found snow melt rates were highest in evergreen needleleaf forest, mixed boreal forest, and herbaceous tundra compared to deciduous needleleaf forest and deciduous shrub tundra. Tree canopy cover had little effect on snowmelt rate within each land cover type. While accounting for the influence of vegetative land cover type is necessary for predictive understanding of snowmelt rate variability across the Arctic–Boreal region. The relationships differed from observations at the ecosystem and catchment scales in other studies. Thus highlighting the importance of spatial scale in identifying snow-vegetation relationships.
Increased forest coverage will induce more carbon fixation in vegetation than in soil during 2015–2060 in China based on CMIP6
Authors: Zhang Mengyu , He Honglin , Zhang Li , Ren Xiaoli , Wu Xiaojing , Qin Keyu , Lv Yan , Chang Qingqing , Xu Qian , Liu Weihua , Feng LiLi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
As components of terrestrial carbon sinks, vegetation and soil carbon pools are important for offsetting CO2 emissions. However, differences in their carbon sequestration capacities and their responses to global change in the future are poorly understood. This study assessed the changes in vegetation and soil carbon and their ratios and drivers under the SSP126 scenario from 2015 to 2060, using Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 simulations in China, a major carbon sink region in global terrestrial ecosystems. The content of vegetation carbon (29 ± 1 PgC) was observed to be lower than that of soil carbon (113 ± 23 PgC), and the ratio of vegetation to soil carbon was the highest in the subtropical-tropical monsoon climatic region (0.55 ± 0.12). Moreover, the total stock of vegetation and soil carbon increased by 10 ± 1 PgC during the study period, and the increase in vegetation carbon was 4.31 times that of soil carbon, because the responses of vegetation carbon stocks to increased forest coverage and atmospheric CO2 were greater than that of soil carbon stocks, especially in the subtropical-tropical and temperate monsoonal climatic regions. However, bare land encroachment on grasslands reduced their increments in the temperate monsoonal and high-cold Tibetan Plateau climatic regions. Furthermore, compared with SSP245 and SSP585 scenarios, vegetation and soil carbon sinks can offset a greater amount of carbon emissions in 2060 under the SSP126 scenario, accounting for 53% of all carbon emissions, offsetting 60%–79% of carbon emissions from China under its policy of increasing forest coverage. The study revealed the important role of afforestation in increasing ecosystem carbon stocks, additionally, grassland conservation and deep reductions in carbon emissions cannot be ignored in the future. This study provides a basis for determining the response of vegetation and soil carbon to environmental factors and the realization of net-zero emissions globally.