bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of the mixing ratio on the composting of OFMSW digestate: assessment of compost quality
Authors: Núñez Fabián , Pérez Montserrat , Leon-Fernández Luis Fernando , García-Morales José Luis , Fernández-Morales Francisco Jesús 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study presents the results obtained in compostability tests of organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) digestate. The final aim was to obtain mature compost without phytotoxic effects. For the evaluation of the composting process, a novel parameter describing the performance of the composting process, the relative heat generation standardized with the initial volatile solid content (RHGVS0), was defined and evaluated at laboratory-scale. From these laboratory-scale test, the optimum operational conditions were obtained, a mixing ratio (v/v) of 1:1:0 (bulking agent:digestate:co-substrate) and with 15% of mature compost as inoculum. Subsequently, these optimum operational conditions were applied in the active phase of the composting pilot-scale reactor. The active composting stage took 7 days, subsequently a curing phase of 60 days was carried out at ambient conditions. After 30 days of curing, the mature compost showed a specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR) of 0.14 mg O2/g VS·h, a germination index (GI) of 99.63% and a low volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentration (41.3 AcH mg/kgdm), being indicative of the good compost stability and maturity of the compost. The very good quality of the final compost obtained indicated that the RHGVS0 accurately describes the performance of the composting process.
Quality and environmental management systems as business tools to enhance ESG performance: a cross-regional empirical study
Authors: Ronalter Louis Maximilian , Bernardo Merce , Romaní Javier Manuel 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe growing societal and political focus on sustainability at global level is pressurizing companies to enhance their environmental, social and governance (ESG) performance to satisfy respective stakeholder needs and ensure sustained business success. With a data sample of 4292 companies from Europe, East Asia and North America, this work aims to prove through a cross-regional empirical study that quality management systems (QMSs) and environmental management systems (EMSs) represent powerful business tools to achieve this enhanced ESG performance. Descriptive and cluster analyses reveal that firms with QMSs and/or EMSs accomplish statistically significant higher ESG scores than companies without such management systems (MSs). Furthermore, the results indicate that operating both types of MSs simultaneously increases performance in the environmental and social pillar even further, while the governance dimension appears to be affected mainly by the adoption of EMSs alone. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, such large-scale, cross-regional analysis of the impact of QMSs and EMSs on ESG performance is absent from the literature, thus paving the way for pioneering academic research. The study is grounded in stakeholder theory and demonstrates managers how the implementation of MSs can assist in successfully translating stakeholders’ sustainability concerns into actionable business practice. Furthermore, it allows decision-makers to gain insight into the strengths and weaknesses of QMSs and EMSs for tackling specific ESG issues and highlights the performance advantages of combining both MSs. The work also depicts policymakers how corporate sustainable performance (CSP) can be improved by fostering MSs adoption, thereby emphasizing the importance of supporting and facilitating the diffusion of these systems.
Regional Competitiveness: A Structural-Based Topic Analysis on Recent Literature
Authors: Grassia Maria Gabriella , Marino Marina , Mazza Rocco , Misuraca Michelangelo , Zavarrone Emma , Friel Martha 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe concept of Regional Competitiveness (RC), in the last years, had a considerable influence on the development of strategies and policies focused on sub-national areas from an economic and social perspective. In particular, RC attracted the substantial attention of policymakers due to the possibility of evaluating and comparing different territories without any established political or conceptual framework. Conversely, scholars have long debated the meaningfulness of territorial competitiveness itself and, in case, which dimensions have to be included. This study reviewed the most recent scientific literature concerning RC with a bibliometric approach based on topic modelling. The use of a textual-based statistical approach offered an interesting insight into the RC research domain. We highlighted the topics discussed by scholars, showing the patterns emerging across years and from different publication types, and marked the differences between the vocabulary used by authors coming from EU and non-EU countries. Finally, a comparison between the RC issues coming from the literature analysis with the RC issues defined by policymakers tried to link the two standpoints followed by the institutions and the academia in a more comprehensive conceptual framework.
Digitale Gesundheitskompetenz und Wohlbefinden
Authors: Reitegger Franziska , Wright Michaela , Berger Jessica , Gasteiger-Klicpera Barbara 
Published: May 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Bisherige Befunde lassen darauf schließen, dass sich seit Beginn der Pandemie depressive und angstspezifische Symptome bei Studierenden verdoppelt haben. Digitale Gesundheitskompetenz kann hier als protektive Ressource zur Stärkung des Wohlbefindens fungieren.

Ziel
Dieser Beitrag analysiert den Zusammenhang von digitaler Gesundheitskompetenz, dem sozioökonomischen Status sowie Wohlbefinden und Zukunftsangst bei Studierenden in Österreich.

Methode
Mittels Online-Fragebogen wurden 480 Studierende österreichischer Hochschulen während der 2. Welle der Pandemie befragt. Es wurden soziodemographische Daten, Selbsteinschätzungen der Studierenden zum Wohlbefinden, zu Zukunftsängsten und zur digitalen Gesundheitskompetenz erhoben. Die Auswertung erfolgte mittels Varianz- und Regressionsanalysen.

Ergebnisse
Etwa 50 % der Studierenden berichteten über ein geringes Wohlbefinden und deutliche Zukunftsängste. In Bezug auf die digitale Gesundheitskompetenz weist die Fähigkeit zur Beurteilung der Relevanz von Informationen den größten Zusammenhang mit dem Wohlbefinden auf. Ein höherer sozioökonomischer Status korrelierte sowohl mit einem höheren Wohlbefinden als auch mit niedrigeren Zukunftsängsten.

Diskussion
Die Beurteilung der Relevanz von Informationen und die Herstellung des Bezugs zur eigenen Lebensrealität scheint ein wichtiger Faktor bei der Sicherung des Wohlbefindens zu sein. Individuelle Faktoren wie das Geschlecht oder das Studienprogramm sind für den Zusammenhang von Wohlbefinden und digitaler Gesundheitskompetenz von Relevanz.
A Systematic Mapping Study and Empirical Comparison of Data-Driven Intrusion Detection Techniques in Industrial Control Networks
Authors: Tama Bayu Adhi , Lee Soo Young , Lee Seungchul 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA rising communication between modern industrial control infrastructure and the external Internet worldwide has led to a critical need to secure the network from multifarious cyberattacks. An intrusion detection system (IDS) is a preventive mechanism where new sorts of hazardous threats and malicious activities could be detected before harming the industrial process’s critical infrastructure. This study reviews the cutting-edge technology of artificial intelligence in developing IDS in industrial control networks by carrying out a systematic mapping study. We included 74 foremost publications from the current literature. These chosen publications were grouped following the types of learning tasks, i.e., supervised, unsupervised, and semi-supervised. This review article helps researchers understand the present status of artificial intelligence techniques applied to IDS in industrial control networks. Other mapping categories were also covered, including year published, publication venues, dataset considered, and IDS approaches. This study reports an empirical assessment of several classification algorithms such as random forest, gradient boosting machine, extreme gradient boosting machine, deep neural network, and stacked generalization ensemble. Statistical significance tests were also used to assess the classifiers’ performance differences in multiple scenarios and datasets. This paper provides a contemporary systematic mapping study and empirical evaluation of IDS approaches in industrial control networks.
Parameter analysis for sigmoid and hyperbolic transfer functions of fuzzy cognitive maps
Authors: Koutsellis Themistoklis , Xexakis Georgios , Koasidis Konstantinos , Nikas Alexandros , Doukas Haris 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFuzzy cognitive maps (FCM) have recently gained ground in many engineering applications, mainly because they allow stakeholder engagement in reduced-form complex systems representation and modelling. They provide a pictorial form of systems, consisting of nodes (concepts) and node interconnections (weights), and perform system simulations for various input combinations. Due to their simplicity and quasi-quantitative nature, they can be easily used with and by non-experts. However, these features come with the price of ambiguity in output: recent literature indicates that changes in selected FCM parameters yield considerably different outcomes. Furthermore, it is not a priori known whether an FCM simulation would reach a fixed, unique final state (fixed point). There are cases where infinite, chaotic, or cyclic behaviour (non-convergence) hinders the inference process, and literature shows that the primary culprit lies in a parameter determining the steepness of the most common transfer functions, which determine the state vector of the system during FCM simulations. To address ambiguity in FCM outcomes, we propose a certain range for the value of this parameter, $${\uplambda }$$
λ
, which is dependent on the FCM layout, for the case of the log-sigmoid and hyperbolic tangent transfer functions. The analysis of this paper is illustrated through a novel software application, In-Cognitive, which allows non-experts to define the FCM layout via a Graphical User Interface and then perform FCM simulations given various inputs. The proposed methodology and developed software are validated against a real-world energy policy-related problem in Greece, drawn from the literature.
Geologic controls on groundwater salinity reversal in North Coles Levee Oil Field, southern San Joaquin Valley, California, USA
Authors: Flowers Michael D. , Shimabukuro David H. , Stephens Michael J. , Warden John G. , Gillespie Janice M. , Chang Will 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper documents a reversal in the groundwater salinity depth gradient in the North Coles Levee Oil Field in the San Joaquin Valley, California. Salinity, measured in mg/L, was mapped with water quality data from groundwater and oil and gas wells and salinity estimated from oil and gas well borehole geophysical logs using Archie's equation. The resulting three-dimensional salinity volume shows groundwater salinity increasing with depth through the Tulare and San Joaquin Formations to about 50,000 mg/L at 1100 m depth, then decreasing to 10,000–31,000 mg/L in the Etchegoin Formation at 1400 m depth. The high salinity zone occurs near the base of the San Joaquin Formation in sand lenses in shales that have been interpreted as representing a mudflat environment. The groundwater and produced water geochemistry show formation waters lie on the seawater dilution line, indicating the salinity structure is largely the result of dilution or evaporation of seawater and not due to water–rock interactions. Instead, changing depositional environments linked to decreasing sea level may be responsible for variably saline water at or near the time of deposition, leading to a salinity reversal preserved in connate waters. The steepness of the salinity reversal varies laterally, possibly due to post-depositional freshwater recharge allowed by thick sands, alternatively, by a change in connate water composition due to a lateral facies change present at the time of deposition. These results illustrate geologic and paleogeographic processes that drive the vertical salinity structure of groundwater in shallow alluvial basins.
On the Ethical and Epistemological Utility of Explicable AI in Medicine
Authors: Herzog Christian 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this article, I will argue in favor of both the ethical and epistemological utility of explanations in artificial intelligence (AI)-based medical technology. I will build on the notion of “explicability” due to Floridi, which considers both the intelligibility and accountability of AI systems to be important for truly delivering AI-powered services that strengthen autonomy, beneficence, and fairness. I maintain that explicable algorithms do, in fact, strengthen these ethical principles in medicine, e.g., in terms of direct patient–physician contact, as well as on a longer-term epistemological level by facilitating scientific progress that is informed through practice. With this article, I will therefore attempt to counter arguments against demands for explicable AI in medicine that are based on a notion of “whatever heals is right.” I will elucidate my elaboration on the positive aspects of explicable AI in medicine as well as by pointing out risks of non-explicable AI.
Serum uric acid and diabetic peripheral neuropathy: a double-edged sword
Authors: Zhuang Yong , Huang Huibin , Hu Xin , Zhang Jinying , Cai Qingyan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background and objectives
Research suggests that diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is related to high serum uric acid (SUA) level, although its correlation with low SUA level has not been reported. Here, diabetic patients with hyperuricemia were excluded, and the correlation between low SUA level and DPN was explored.

Subjects and methods
This prospective observational clinical study enrolled 525 type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients without hyperuricemia, who were divided into the diabetes with symptomatic neuropathy (150 cases), diabetes with asymptomatic neuropathy (125 cases) and diabetes with no neuropathy (250 cases) groups.

Results
The SUA slightly decreased in subjects with asymptomatic DPN compared with those with no neuropathy and greatly decreased in subjects with symptomatic DPN compared with those without (P < 0.001). The association of the SUA with diabetic neuropathy was independent of the hyperglycemic state and other potential confounders (odds ratio 0.985 [0.981–0.988], P < 0.001). The SUA was closely correlated with the means of motor/sensory nerve amplitude and CV (all P < 0.001). The optimal cut-off point for SUA to distinguish patients with diabetic neuropathy from those without was 324 umol/L, with a sensitivity of 76.0% and a specificity of 79.2% (AUC = 0.806).

Conclusions
The low SUA level is closely associated with DPN. Future studies are warranted to clarify the relationship.
Biomechanical and Neuromuscular Performance Requirements of Horizontal Deceleration: A Review with Implications for Random Intermittent Multi-Directional Sports
Authors: Harper Damian J. , McBurnie Alistair J. , Santos Thomas Dos’ , Eriksrud Ola , Evans Martin , Cohen Daniel D. , Rhodes David , Carling Christopher , Kiely John 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRapid horizontal accelerations and decelerations are crucial events enabling the changes of velocity and direction integral to sports involving random intermittent multi-directional movements. However, relative to horizontal acceleration, there have been considerably fewer scientific investigations into the biomechanical and neuromuscular demands of horizontal deceleration and the qualities underpinning horizontal deceleration performance. Accordingly, the aims of this review article are to: (1) conduct an evidence-based review of the biomechanical demands of horizontal deceleration and (2) identify biomechanical and neuromuscular performance determinants of horizontal deceleration, with the aim of outlining relevant performance implications for random intermittent multi-directional sports. We highlight that horizontal decelerations have a unique ground reaction force profile, characterised by high-impact peak forces and loading rates. The highest magnitude of these forces occurs during the early stance phase (< 50 ms) and is shown to be up to 2.7 times greater than those seen during the first steps of a maximal horizontal acceleration. As such, inability for either limb to tolerate these forces may result in a diminished ability to brake, subsequently reducing deceleration capacity, and increasing vulnerability to excessive forces that could heighten injury risk and severity of muscle damage. Two factors are highlighted as especially important for enhancing horizontal deceleration ability: (1) braking force control and (2) braking force attenuation. Whilst various eccentric strength qualities have been reported to be important for achieving these purposes, the potential importance of concentric, isometric and reactive strength, in addition to an enhanced technical ability to apply braking force is also highlighted. Last, the review provides recommended research directions to enhance future understanding of horizontal deceleration ability.
Observations of a Strong Intraseasonal Oscillation in the MLT Region During the 2015/2016 Winter Over Mohe, China
Authors: Gong Yun , Xue Junwei , Ma Zheng , Zhang Shaodong , Zhou Qihou , Huang Chunming , Huang Kaiming , Li Guozhu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractUsing meteor radar measurements at Mohe (MH, 53.5°N, 122.3°E) and the reanalysis data from 2011 to 2020, the characteristics of intraseasonal oscillations (ISOs) in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) region over MH are investigated for the first time. The radar observation shows a prominent ISO with periods of 40–60 days in the zonal wind during the 2015/2016 winter. The observed ISO is the strongest in the oscillation period of 30–60 days during nearly a decade of observation. The ISO amplitude reaches a maximum of 16 m/s at 90 km. The vertical structure indicates that intraseasonal variabilities in the lower mesosphere contribute to the ISO in the MLT region. By bandpassing the zonal wind obtained from the reanalysis data along 122.5°E at 52 km in the Northern Hemisphere with cutoff periods of 40 and 60 days, we show that ISOs in the tropical and mid‐latitude mesosphere are related to each other. Our results also indicate that the tropical mesospheric ISO and the tropospheric Madden‐Julian Oscillations (MJO) are highly correlated. Our analysis suggests that the MJO in the equatorial troposphere may contribute to the enhancement of the ISO in the MLT region over MH. Additionally, a very strong El Niño during the 2015/2016 winter was accompanied by the positive Indian Ocean Dipole, which confines the active MJO in phases 2‒4 for a long time. This may be the reason that in the oscillation period of 30–60 days, the ISO observed at MH is the strongest during almost a decade of observation.
A Role for the Ocean in the Winter Sea Ice Distribution North of Svalbard
Authors: Herbaut Christophe , Houssais Marie‐Noëlle , Blaizot Anne‐Cécile , Molines Jean‐Marc 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe ocean is suggested to play a major role in the ongoing winter decay of the sea ice cover in the western Eurasian Basin. Using a high‐resolution sea ice‐ocean model, we investigate the processes influencing the ice‐ocean interactions in winter in the waters north of Svalbard, with a particular focus on those contributing to sea ice melt events of large amplitude. These short term events, lasting 5–10 days, are associated with locally large melt rates mostly found along the pathway of the Atlantic Water. The sum of all these events over the simulation period is found to contribute 40% of the total winter melt. Episodes of strong surface winds, occasionally associated with enhanced velocity shear at the mixed layer base, can trigger enhanced entrainment of Atlantic Water through the relatively shallow upper thermocline in the Atlantic Water boundary current, leading to substantial ocean heat transfer to the sea ice. In some cases, strengthening of the boundary current also contributes to fueling the heat transfer to the ice. Another type of large melt event, not linked to increased ocean vertical heat flux but due to ice being advected over warm surface waters, is also identified, sometimes associated with episodes of ice close‐up. Sea ice budget calculations show that, overall, large melt events contribute significantly to the eastward retreat of the winter marginal ice zone on the upper slope east of Svalbard while episodes of northward advection of ice largely dominate the ice edge retreat over the shelf north of Svalbard.
Wide Versus Narrow Back‐Arc Rifting: Control of Subduction Velocity and Convective Back‐Arc Thinning
Authors: Erdős Zoltán , Huismans Ritske S. , Faccenna Claudio 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBack‐arc basins such as the ones behind the island‐arcs of the Western Pacific Ocean or the ones in the Mediterranean Sea are ubiquitous structures of the Earth. They are extensional basins forming in the overriding plate behind subduction zones and similarly to continental rifts, they can exhibit different structural styles from narrow, localized rifting to wide‐rift extension. While these different structural styles have been long recognized, the factors controlling the style of extension in these basins have not been explored properly. We use thermo‐mechanical models to investigate how the relative rates of progressive build‐up of slab‐pull force and of convective thinning and thermal weakening of the overriding plate control the style of back‐arc rifting. Following subduction‐initiation, a high subducting plate velocity results in rapid build‐up of the slab‐pull force. The relatively low rate of convectively thinning and associated moderate weakening of the overriding plate require slab‐pull to build up to close to its maximum value to overcome the high back‐arc integrated strength resulting in a narrow back‐arc rift. In turn a low subducting plate velocity in comparison with the timescale of convective thinning of the overriding plate allows for significant back‐arc weakening before the slab‐pull force becomes large enough to drive back‐arc extension. In this case, the back‐arc exhibits a wide rifting style as extension occurs at significantly reduced overriding plate integrated strength. Our model results provide an explanation why some subduction zones exhibit wide, distributed extension in the overriding plate such as for instance observed in the Pannonian basin.
Climate Leads to Reversed Latitudinal Changes in Chinese Flood Peak Timing
Authors: Yang Yixin , Yang Long , Chen Xiaodong , Wang Qiang , Tian Fuqiang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractChanges in river floods under a changing climate are of worldwide concerns, but relevant knowledge is limited especially over the East Asia monsoon region. Here we examine changes in flood peak timing based on the most comprehensive flood data set to date across China during 1961–2017. The temporal shifts of Chinese flood peak timing range from −19.0 days earlier to +14.0 days later per decade. Earlier flood occurrences are mainly observed in northern China, with delayed flood occurrences in the south. The spatial pattern of reversed latitudinal changes in flood timing leads to growing spatial extents of concurrent river floods over China. Soil moisture plays an important role in modulating such changes, despite precipitation determines the climatological mean dates of flood occurrences. Our results highlight a strong climate signal on the changes in flood timing over China, and call for coordinated efforts in alleviating expanding flood hazards related to the changes in flood timing.