bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low Temperature and High Hydrostatic Pressure Have Compounding Negative Effects on Marine Microbial Motility
Authors: Mullane Kelli K. , Nishiyama Masayoshi , Kurihara Tatsuo , Bartlett Douglas H. 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTApproximately three fourths of all pelagic marine prokaryotes live in the deep-sea, an environment characterized by low temperature and high hydrostatic pressure. Within deep-sea environments labile organic matter is often scarce and motility can serve as a competitive advantage for microorganisms. Experimental work with a handful of species suggests motility is one of the most temperature- and pressure-sensitive cellular processes, however the combined effects of temperature and pressure together have yet to be investigated in detail. Here we employed growth-dependent motility agar assays and growth-independent microscopy assays to assess how changes in these two physical factors impact motility both individually and in combination, using ecologically relevant model organisms from the cosmopolitan generaHalomonas, Alcanivorax, andMarinobacter. At pressures equivalent to bathyal and abyssal depths, changes in temperature from 30°C to 4°C (motility assays) or 23°C to 7°C (microscopy assays) had a greater influence on motility than pressure. In addition, low-temperature and high-pressure impacts were additive. Exposure to high pressure had varying degrees of effect on flagellar function, depending on the strain and the magnitude of the pressure. These ranged from short-term impacts that were quickly reversible to long-term impacts that were detrimental to the function of the flagellum, leading to complete loss of motility. These findings highlight the sensitivity of deep-sea bacterial motility systems to combined temperature/pressure conditions, phenotypes that will contribute to the modulation of diverse microbial activities at depth.IMPORTANCEMicroorganisms perform critical functions in biogeochemical cycles at depth, as well as likely modulating the carbon sequestration potential of the deep ocean. However, their activities under in situ conditions are poorly constrained. One aspect of microbial activity is motility, generally mediated by the energy-consuming rotation of one or more flagellar filaments that enables swimming behavior. This provides a competitive advantage for microbes in the environment, such as by enhancing nutrient acquisition. Here we report on culture-based and microscopy-based analyses of pressure-temperature (P-T) effects on the motility of three ecologically relevant marine microbes. The results in all cases indicate that high pressure and low temperature exert compounding inhibitory effects. This argues for the need for further investigations into P-T effects on deep-sea microbial processes.
Discussion of “local government turnover and capital structure: evidence from China”
Authors: Li Jingjing 
Published: October 2022

PurposeThis paper aims to identify and evaluate the limitations related to Xin et al. (2022). The discussant also provide suggestions for future research along this line.Design/methodology/approachIn this discussion, the discussant will attempt to identify the main limitations and provide suggestions for future improvement. This written discussion focuses on three main points. First, the discussant will focus on the incremental contribution. Second, the discussant will discuss some remaining issues with the empirical design and propose suggestions for further improvement. Lastly, the discussant will go over the underlying reasons behind the documented results.FindingsXin et al. (2022) investigate the original and important question of whether local leadership turnover leads to lower financial leverage.Originality/valueXin et al. (2022) contribute to the research line of the economic impact of political uncertainty by investigating the turnover year effect of local top leadership in the Chinese setting. Future research can improve our understanding by investigating the underlying mechanisms behind the documented results.
Balancing work and family in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic: the role of work conditions and family-friendly policy
Authors: Fan Yangyang , Tulepbayev Erbolat , Lee Hyun Jung , Lyu Xiaojun 
Published: October 2022

Purpose
Work from home has become as regular as the traditional commuting system after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Previous studies have discussed the influence of working at home on the work–family interface. However, there is limited understanding of how diverse workforces manage their work–family issues with various family-friendly policies. This study aims to bridge this research gap by examining the collective influence of work conditions and family-friendly policies on work–family balance.

Design/methodology/approach
A survey experiment featuring two working conditions (work from home or commuting) × four family-friendly policies (household subsidy, family-friendly supervisor, financial profit, paid leave vs no policy) was approached based on 703 valid responses in China.

Findings
The results indicate that family-friendly policies are more effective under the work-from-home condition than the commuting condition, household subsidies and financial profits are considered more helpful for work–family balance under the work-from-home condition and employees’ policy preferences depend on personal identity and work conditions, which help them maintain work and family issues concurrently.

Originality/value
This study explores the joint impact of work conditions and family-friendly policies from a situational perspective. This study indicated that professional organizations need to perform delicacy management considering policy preferences. Moreover, changing working arrangements help employees facilitate their work–family balance.
Social capital and performance of farmers' groups in producer organizations in India: examining the mediating role of self-efficacy
Authors: Pant Satish Chandra , Kumar Sathyendra , Joshi Sanjay Kumar 
Published: October 2022

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the impact of social capital and self-efficacy in the performance of producer organizations. It also tests the mediating influence of self-efficacy in the relationship of social capital and performance of producer organizations.Design/methodology/approachThe study used data from a survey of 226 members of farmer producer organizations (FPO) in India. The model was tested through structural equation modeling wherein all hypotheses were tested using “R” studio.FindingsThe findings reveal that social capital and self-efficacy play a significant role in predicting the performance of FPO. It was found that in the process of social capital influencing the performance of FPO, self-efficacy plays a significant role as a partial mediator with a mediating effect of approximately 69.28%.Research limitations/implicationsThe study considered only one antecedent while identifying the reasons for perceived performance of FPOs. Hence, further studies of the various other constructs such as attitude, subjective norms, etc., may be considered.Originality/valueNo previous work has examined the mediating role of self-efficacy in the relationship between social capital and perceived performance of FPO. This study is possibly the only one that joins two streams of thought – social capital and self-efficacy – to examine the performance of FPO.
Changing plant species composition and richness benefit soil carbon sequestration under climate warming
Authors: Yan Yingjie , Niu Shuli , He Yicheng , Wang Song , Song Lei , Peng Jinlong , Chen Xinli , Quan Quan , Meng Cheng , Zhou Qingping , Wang Jinsong 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Anthropogenic warming and land‐use change are expected to accelerate global soil organic carbon (SOC) losses and change plant species composition and richness. However, how changes in plant composition and species richness mediate SOC responses to climate warming and land‐use change remains poorly understood.

Using data from a 7‐year warming and clipping field experiment in an alpine meadow on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, we examined the direct effects of warming and clipping on SOC storage versus their indirect effects mediated by plant functional type and species richness.

We found that warming significantly increased SOC storage by 8.1% and clipping decreased it by 6.4%, which was closely correlated with the corresponding response of below‐ground net primary productivity (BNPP). We also found a negative correlation between SOC storage and species richness, which was ascribed to the increased BNPP via enhancing the dominance of grasses and decreasing species richness under warming. The lower SOC storage under clipping was caused by the clipping‐induced decrease in BNPP via weakening the dominance of grasses and increasing species richness.

Our findings highlight that the SOC storage in this alpine meadow under climate warming and clipping was primarily governed by BNPP changes, which was mediated by changes in the dominance of grasses and species richness. Overall, our study demonstrates that shifting to the dominance of grasses and changing species richness would benefit soil C sequestration under climate warming, but this positive effect would be dampened by grazing or hay harvest.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
The employment effects of intra‐African exports
Authors: Poumie Boker , Kaffo Fotio Herve , Dazoue Dongue Guy P. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe establishment of the continental free trade area in Africa is an important step forward for the creation of a market of significant size in a context of sluggish job creation. This study examines the effects of intra‐African exports on aggregate and sectoral employment using the fixed‐effects model with Driscoll‐Kraay standard errors. The data covers 44 African countries over the period 1995–2018. The results show that intra‐African exports increase both sectoral and aggregate employment. Despite the marginal size of intra‐African trade, its effect on employment is greater than that of extra‐African exports. Our results also show that intra‐African exports of primary products create jobs in the agricultural sector, while its effect on employment in the two other sectors is not statistically significant. African countries should therefore increase employment through higher processing of primary products.
Sex education's community problem
Authors: Howlett Caitlin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Legislating comprehensive sex education curricula has long been believed to be essential to aligning education about sex, sexuality and human relationships with the values of equality, inclusivity and autonomy. Defences of the need for ‘good’ sex education in public schools are contingent upon arguments about whose experiences ought to guide us in determining what sufficient alignment with such values might look like. The aim of this paper is to explore the assumptions underlying one prevailing norm in such defences: what I call parental deference or the practice of heeding to the rights of parents in debates about sex education. The question at the heart of this paper is, then, who in our communities does this deference exclude? I begin with a brief consideration of the appeal of parental deference within theories of education in general, and sex education in particular, before problematising its normalisation through a consideration of the exclusions such deference creates. In the process, I aim to explore the limits of parental deference for addressing the intersection of sexuality, sex, gender and race with violence in curricula and argue instead that one way of mitigating the consequences of these limits is to take seriously what I call sex education's community problem: If schools are to serve communities, why are so many community members’ experiences excluded?
Artificial light at night decreases the pupillary light response of dark‐adapted toads to bright light
Authors: SECONDI Jean , SCRIBA Madeleine F. , MONDY Nathalie , LENGAGNE Thierry 
Published: October 2022

AbstractArtificial light at night (ALAN) is expanding worldwide. Many physiological effects have been reported in animals, but we still know little about the consequences for the visual system. The pupil contributes to control incoming light onto the retina. Sudden increases in light intensity evokes the pupil light reflex (PLR). Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGC) affect PLR and melatonin expression, which largely regulate circadian rhythms and PLR itself. IpRCG receive inputs from various photoreptors with different peak sensitivities implying that PLR could be altered by a broad range of light sources. We predicted ALAN to enhance PLR. Contrary to our prediction, dark‐adapted cane toads Rhinella marina, exposed to ALAN (5 lx) for 12 days, exhibited a lower PLR than controls and individuals exposed to 0.04 lx, even after 1 h in bright light. We cannot conclude whether ALAN induced a larger pupil size in dark‐adapted toads or a slower initial contraction. Nevertheless, the response was triggered by a light source with an emission peak (590 nm) well above the sensitivity peak of melanopsin, the main photoreceptor involved in PLR. Therefore, ALAN alters the capacity of toads to regulate the incoming light in the eye at night, which may reduce the performance of visually guided behaviors, and increase mortality by predators or road kills at night. This first study emphasizes the need to focus on the effect of ALAN on the vision of nocturnal organisms to better understand how this sensory system is altered and anticipate the consequences for organisms.
Fermentation conditions for yeast selection and effect of yeast–bacterial interaction in developing a starter culture for tequila fermentation
Authors: Aldrete‐Tapia J. Alejadro , Escalante‐Minakata Pilar , Miranda‐Castilleja Dalia Elizabeth , Hernández‐Iturriaga Montserrat 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSimilar to other beverages, tequila fermentation can be improved using selected native strains. During fermentation, yeast and bacteria frequently act together and can improve product quality. However, their influence during tequila fermentation is not fully understood. Three Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains isolated in a previous study were used to determine their fermentation parameters. Fermentation of agave juice by a selected yeast strain in the presence of seven native bacterial species (individually and in consortium) was also evaluated. Optimal temperature, initial fructose, and pH were determined using a rotatory central composite design, and concomitant fermentative parameters were used to select the best tequila yeast strain. The yeast strain Teq‐199 presented the best fructose consumption (91.0%), ethanol production (33.5 g/L), and yield (72%), as well as produced low concentrations of acetic acid (0.2 g/L). The optimal fermentation temperature was 32°C, similar to that used at distilleries. During fermentation of agave juice by strain Teq‐199 in the presence of individual native bacteria, the yeast dominated fermentation, while bacterial species impaired its quality due to lactic acid production (>3.3 g/L). In the presence of a bacterial consortium, strain Teq‐199 also dominated fermentation; however, a high concentration of acetic acid (6.5 g/L) was generated, reducing the quality of the fermentation parameters. A comparison with a commercial wine strain K1‐V1116, revealed that the strain Teq‐199 exhibited the best fermentation parameters, indicating its potential use as an inoculant in industrial processing. Since bacteria were detrimental, distilleries should exert efforts to reduce their impact.Practical ApplicationThe optimal fermentation conditions for pre‐selected yeast strains isolated during tequila production were determined, which led to the selection of the best‐adapted yeast strain to fulfill the actual requirements and conditions in the tequila industry. This study allows the selection of yeast strains that could be used by local producers. In addition, this yeast was able to overcome a well‐adapted bacterial consortium, showing dominance throughout the fermentation process. This study is unique since it explored bacterial interactions during fermentation process and proposes a method to assess the effect of these concomitant microorganisms to properly select and design a starter culture.
Learning to predict spatiotemporal movement dynamics from weather radar networks
Authors: Lippert Fiona , Kranstauber Bart , Forré Patrick D. , van Loon E. Emiel 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Weather radar networks provide wide‐ranging opportunities for ecologists to quantify and predict movements of airborne organisms over unprecedented geographical expanses. The typically sparse spatial distribution of radar measurements poses, however, a major challenge to spatiotemporal predictive modelling.

We propose FluxRGNN, a recurrent graph neural network that is based on a generic mechanistic description of population‐level movements across the Voronoi tessellation of radar sites. The resulting hybrid model capitalises on local associations between environmental conditions and animal density as well as on spatiotemporal dependencies inherent to the movement process. We applied FluxRGNN to make 72‐h forecasts of nocturnal bird migration over Western Europe using simulated trajectories and measurements from the European weather radar network.

For both datasets, FluxRGNN achieves higher predictive performance than baseline models based on environmental conditions alone. It effectively disentangles local take‐off and landing dynamics from aerial movements and correctly predicts migration directions with an accuracy of 87%.

Continental‐scale forecasts of animal density and biomass fluxes have the potential to improve the impact and cost‐effectiveness of wildlife management and conservation efforts. With FluxRGNN this becomes feasible for nocturnal bird migration. In the future, other migration systems could benefit from applying the proposed method to similar static sensor networks.
Estimating the size of colorectal polyps endoscopically: random guess or systematic error?
Authors: Liang Jennifer , Church James M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundSize of colorectal polyps reflects potential for malignancy and helps define advanced lesions. Studies measuring ability of endoscopists to estimate polyp size show significant variation. The aim of this study was to determine if there is a linear relationship between endoscopic and pathologic polyp size.MethodsData for adenomas removed completely by snare, in one piece, were retrieved from a prospectively recorded polyp database. Endoscopic estimate of maximum diameter was compared to that on the pathology report by linear regression analysis.ResultsThere were 126 polyps in 126 patients, 85 men and 41 women. Mean age was 63.2 ± 12.9 years. Mean endoscopic polyp size was 12.2 ± 9.3 mm and mean pathology size was 9.3 ± 6.9 mm. Endoscopically, 16 polyps were ≤ 5 mm, 62 were from 6 to 10 mm, 21 were from 11 to 15 mm, and 27 were from 16 to 55 mm. Twenty‐nine polyps were right sided, 86 were left and 11 were rectal. Regression of endoscopic size against pathology size yielded a significant r2 of 0.761. Using the regression formula of endoscopic size = 0.7 + 1.175× pathology size an endoscopic estimate of 10 mm (= advanced adenoma) means a pathologic size of 8 mm. For a pathologic size of 10 mm, an endoscopic estimate of 12 mm is needed. A large polyp is ≥20 mm; for this endoscopist a 20 mm polyp is really 16.4 mm.ConclusionsThe relationship between endoscopic and directly measured size is linear over all polyp diameters, and likely represents a systematic error.
Validation of appendiceal stump invagination in laparoscopic appendectomy
Authors: Bekki Tomoaki , Abe Tomoyuki , Namba Yosuke , Okimoto Sho , Mukai Shoichiro , Saito Yasufumi , Oishi Koichi , Fujisaki Seiji , Ohdan Hideki , Fukuda Toshikatsu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionThere are various methods for appendiceal stump dissection, but the necessity for stump invagination remains unclear. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of appendiceal stump invagination in patients with acute appendicitis after laparoscopic appendectomy (LA).MethodsWe enrolled 327 patients with acute appendicitis who underwent LA between 2012 and 2020. Perioperative variables and surgical outcomes were analyzed between the invagination of the appendiceal stump and noninvagination groups. Propensity score‐matched analysis (PSM) was performed.ResultsMore patients experienced severe inflammation and severe intra‐abdominal contamination in the noninvagination group than in the invagination group. Patients in the noninvagination group had an older age, higher body mass index, and poorer American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status than the invagination group. Severe inflammation in the noninvagination group was associated with longer hospital stays and poorer postoperative complications than in the invagination group. PSM analysis was performed to minimize bias in the two groups. After PSM analysis, there were no significant differences in surgical site infection, postoperative intra‐abdominal abscess, Clavien–Dindo class ≥IIIa, or postoperative stay between the two groups. During the follow‐up period, the postoperative adhesive ileus was not significantly different between the invagination and noninvagination groups.ConclusionInvagination of the appendiceal stump during LA is not necessary to prevent short‐ and long‐term complications. Even in cases dissected using a laparoscopic endostapler, the appendiceal stump per se is not related to postoperative adhesive ileus.
Effects of feeding wood kraft pulp silage containing sweet‐potato shochu distillery by‐product on feed intake, feed digestibility, rumen fermentation, blood components, and growth performance in Japanese Black fattening steers during early period
Authors: Maeda Yuka , Nishimura Keiko , Kurosu Kazuhiro , Mizuguchi Hitoshi , Terada Fuminori , Kushibiki Shiro 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe effects of long‐term feeding of wood kraft pulp (KP) silage containing sweet‐potato shochu distillery by‐product (SDP) on feed intake, feed digestibility, rumen fermentation, and growth performance of Japanese Black steers were investigated during the early fattening period. Ten Japanese Black steers (9.8 ± 0.6 months of age) were used in this study. Five steers (KP group) were fed KP silage as a replacement for 10% timothy hay (dry matter bases), in contrast to the other five (control group). KP silage consisted of 92.9% KP and 7.1% SDP (dry matter bases). The experiment was conducted for 18 weeks. No significant differences were observed in terms of feed intake, feed digestibility, or daily body weight gain between the groups. In addition, diurnal changes in the rumen pH and ruminal lipopolysaccharide activity did not differ between the groups. However, the plasma concentration of aspartate transaminase in the KP group was slightly lower (P = 0.078) than that in the control group. Thus, our study suggested that feeding KP silage does not reduce feed intake or affect the rumen fermentation or growth performance of Japanese Black fattening steer.