bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analyzing energy consumption of nature-inspired optimization algorithms
Authors: Jamil Mohammad Newaj , Kor Ah-Lian 
Published: January 2022

AbstractNature-Inspired Optimization (NIO) algorithms have become prevalent to address a variety of optimization problems in real-world applications because of their simplicity, flexibility, and effectiveness. Some application areas of NIO algorithms are telecommunications, image processing, engineering design, vehicle routing, etc. This study presents a critical analysis of energy consumption and their corresponding carbon footprint for four popular NIO algorithms. Microsoft Joulemeter is employed for measuring the energy consumption during the runtime of each algorithm, while the corresponding carbon footprint of each algorithm is calculated based on the UK DEFRA guide. The results of this study evidence that each algorithm demonstrates different energy consumption behaviors to achieve the same goal. In addition, a one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test is conducted, which shows that the average energy consumption of each algorithm is significantly different from each other. This study will help guide software engineers and practitioners in their selection of an energy-efficient NIO algorithm. As for future work, more NIO algorithms and their variants can be considered for energy consumption analysis to identify the greenest NIO algorithms amongst them all. In addition, future work can also be considered to ascertain possible relationships between NIO algorithms and the energy usage of hardware resources of different CPU architectures.
The Unity of Dependence
Authors: CASEY JACK 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMost philosophers treat ontological dependence and metaphysical dependence as distinct relations. A number of key differences between the two relations are usually cited in support of this claim: ontological dependence's unique connection to existence, differing respective connections to metaphysical necessitation, and a divergence in their formal features. Alongside reshaping some of the examples used to maintain the distinction between the two, I argue that the additional resources offered by the increased attention the notion of grounding has received in recent years potentially offer us a way to unite the two relations, promising the attendant benefits parsimony offers, as a result.
THE NUMBER OF SET ORBITS OF PERMUTATION GROUPS AND THE GROUP ORDER
Authors: GINTZ MICHAEL , KELLER THOMAS M. , KORTJE MATTHEW , WANG ZILI , YANG YONG 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIf G is permutation group acting on a finite set
$\Omega $
, then this action induces a natural action of G on the power set
$\mathscr{P}(\Omega )$
. The number
$s(G)$
of orbits in this action is an important parameter that has been used in bounding numbers of conjugacy classes in finite groups. In this context,
$\inf ({\log _2 s(G)}/{\log _2 |G|})$
plays a role, but the precise value of this constant was unknown. We determine it where G runs over all permutation groups not containing any
${{\textrm {A}}}_l, l> 4$
, as a composition factor.
Peri-operative complications of sphenopalatine artery ligation: a 10-year series from two secondary care centres
Authors: Yip H M , Khosla S , Ashman A , Hettige R , Van Wyk F , Hern J 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere is currently limited evidence regarding the potential complications of sphenopalatine artery ligation. The post-operative outcomes at two secondary care centres over a 10-year period were reviewed.MethodsA retrospective review was undertaken of patients undergoing emergency and elective sphenopalatine artery ligation between January 2011 and January 2021. Their demographics, peri-operative care and post-operative outcomes were recorded. The median follow-up time was 54 days (range, 0–2657 days).ResultsNinety-one patients were included. Four patients (4.4 per cent) had a septal perforation at post-operative review. Nineteen patients (20.9 per cent) had post-operative bleeding that extended their in-patient stay, with five patients (5.5 per cent) requiring revision surgery. Pre-operative non-dissolvable nasal packing was used a median of 1 time (range, 0–8 times).ConclusionFurther research on outcomes of sphenopalatine artery ligation is needed. Pre-operative non-dissolvable nasal packing, concurrent septal surgical procedures, surgical techniques, and co-morbidities such as hypertension represent potential confounding factors that could not be further assessed in this small, retrospective study.
It's not late entry: human capital, welfare states and the pension penalty experienced by post-war migrants who retired in the European Economic Area
Authors: Bridgen Paul , Meyer Traute , Davison Lisa 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSince the 2000s, migration within and into the European Economic Area (EEA) has increased significantly. Some migrants will retire in their destination countries. This makes questions about their retirement protection increasingly relevant for social policy. To address this, we examine past experience. Using the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), we compared the pensions of post-1945 migrants, who settled in their host country, with non-migrants. We considered migrants who moved into and within the EEA, from poorer and richer countries. Where pensions were lower we sought to explain this in relation to the migration literature. As expected, we found some evidence that migrants’ pensions were lower, although significant variations were observed between EEA migrants and non-EEA migrants. However, surprisingly there were few indications that migrant pensions were lower because migrants as a whole were disadvantaged through late labour market entry or employment discrimination. Instead educational disadvantage mattered most, particularly for the highly educated: all highly educated migrants received lower rewards for their human capital than comparable non-migrants. Migrants who settled in countries with less-protective pension systems were also disadvantaged. Making retirement outcomes for migrants more equal would, thus, mean improving career opportunities for highly educated migrants and steps towards more-inclusive pension systems everywhere.
Older people, information-giving and active agency practices in health, social care and housing: theory, evidence and reflections
Authors: Harding Andrew J. E. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThat older people should be consumers and active agents has dominated policy discourse across health, social care and housing that has a core care function. This discourse has some established and long-standing critics, such as Gilleard and Higgs, and yet the central question(s) a consumerist discourse raises remains surprisingly relevant today. The purpose of this forum article is to reconsider the viability of active agency amongst older people in the context of empirical research on information-giving across health, social care and housing that has been published since the paper by Gilleard and Higgs in 1998. Information-giving is the key consumer choice mechanism, and yet research is currently located in separate literatures. Giving these separate fields some coherence engages with and provides important empirical commentary. There is little or no evidence that information alone triggers active agency for older people in regard to their health, social care or housing. However, there is consistent evidence that discussion, deliberation and dialogue – or the practices associated with Habermas’ theory of communicative action – are desirable to older people in the context of active agency. More research is needed to demonstrate efficacy beyond communicative approaches being desirable.
‘Rekindling couplehood’ using a multisensory suitcase of memories: a pilot study of people living with moderate dementia and their partners
Authors: Mullins Jane M. , Tales Andrea , Musselwhite Charles , Rich Nick 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCreating individualised activities in partnership with people who have moderate dementia and their partners at home has rarely been achieved, as such interventions are usually pre-planned by researchers or professionals. The academic gap is in the activity design being led by the person who has dementia and their partner and how to engage them in a meaningful manner which rekindles positive joint memories and improves the quality of their current relationship. This article explores the meaning and significance of recalling shared holiday memories for people living with moderate dementia and their partners, using multisensory reminiscence. A sensory ethnography research methodology was employed which enhanced co-design of the activity over five home visits. The research culminated in the creation of a digital story, sharing of food and drink, and re-enactment through exploration of their holiday memorabilia: forming their suitcase of memories (SOM). The study extends the current academic debate of co-produced interventions and identifies the critical themes of ‘holidays as life’, ‘freedom’, ‘view seen, viewpoint heard’ and ‘strengthened self-identity with younger self’ which emerged from the research. Such areas of sensory reminiscence have supported positive recollections, discourse and, when combined, resulted in a beneficial impact on the partner's shared relationship. A significant research outcome was the transition from a negative life view dominated by dementia to rekindling their relationship positively as a result of the SOM intervention and sensory methodology. Future research to continue the work with new couples to see if similar results are achieved with more case studies is needed.
Musical ‘Magic Words’: Trauma and the Politics of Mourning in Ravel'sLe Tombeau de Couperin, FrontispiceandLa Valse
Authors: Rogers Jillian C. 
Published: January 2022

Upon hearing Ravel'sLe Tombeau de Couperinin 1918 Jean Roger-Ducasse was disturbed by the incongruity between each movement's music and its dedication to a fallen soldier. Similarly, historians have noted the ‘strangeness’ ofFrontispieceand La Valse, which Ravel wrote after his war service and his mother's death in 1917. When taken together, these instances of ‘strange’ music – written during an especially emotionally trying period of Ravel's life – lead to questions concerning relationships between Ravel's music and traumatic expression. Although Carolyn Abbate and Michael Puri have suggested that these pieces can be understood as expressions of loss, no one has yet attempted to address how they might illuminate Ravel's trauma within the context of conceptions of trauma in interwar France.In this article I suggest that Ravel'sLe Tombeau de Couperin, FrontispiceandLa Valseare musical performances of his traumatic responses to the war and his mother's death. I place primary and archival sources such as letters and diaries of Ravel and his peers in dialogue with early twentieth-century French sources in psychology and medicine to determine how Ravel understood trauma. Utilizing Abraham and Torok's theorizations of traumatic grief, I read Ravel's compositions as bearing ‘magic words’ – indirect articulations of trauma that manifest when individuals cannot openly voice their trauma. By studying these pieces in the context of modernist musical mourning traditions in World War I-era France, I suggest that Ravel's post-war compositions demonstrate his resistance to nationalistic norms requiring the suppression of trauma for the war effort.
The public policy of sanctions compliance: A need for collective and coordinated international action
Authors: Walker Justine 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper sets out to explain the challenges of aligning sanctions compliance efforts with the delivery of humanitarian aid into highly sanctioned environments. It highlights that while the policy of sanctioning authorities is to encourage and permit humanitarian activity, there remain significant obstacles to achieving this objective. The paper offers insights into the key areas of complexity and the most urgent aspects requiring clarification. It expressly illustrates that striking the correct balance between the delivery of critical humanitarian responses and the application of United Nations and unilateral sanctions will necessitate some realignment. The paper concludes by highlighting the need for governments and sanctioning authorities to adopt a forward-leaning approach, and by stressing the necessity of collective and coordinated international action.
A critique of narrative reviews of the evidence-base for ECT in depression
Authors: Meechan C. F. , Laws K. R. , Young A. H. , McLoughlin D. M. , Jauhar S. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
There has been recent debate regarding the efficacy of electroconvulsive therapy in the treatment of depression. This has been based on narrative reviews that contradict existing systematic reviews and meta-analyses. In this special article, we highlight the mistakes that occur when interpreting evidence using narrative reviews, as opposed to conventional systematic reviews and meta-analyses.
Harmonized site preparation and postplant herbaceous weed control for establishment of southern pine plantations on coastal bedded sites
Authors: Lauer Dwight K. , Quicke Harold E. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLoblolly pine or slash pine response and vegetation colonization are summarized for a region-wide study that included five locations on coastal soils in the southern United States. The objective was to evaluate timing of postplant herbaceous weed control (HWC) treatments following preplant site preparation with imazapyr applied at two timings (August and November) and at three rates (0.56, 0.84, and 1.12 kg ha−1). All imazapyr site preparation treatments were applied after bedding. Site preparation treatments resulted in fast-growing stands without HWC at all locations with average Year 3 dominant tree height ranging from 2.6 to 3.7 m. Imazapyr plus sulfometuron was an effective HWC treatment on loblolly pine. Vegetation control and pine response varied by surface soil texture. On coarser-textured soils, the site preparation treatments resulted in <10% vegetation cover in June of the first pine growing season. On these coarser-textured soils, loblolly pine growth was increased by second-year and not first-year HWC. On finer-textured soils, vegetation colonization was aggressive, with >20% cover in June of the first pine growing season, such that early first-year HWC provided the largest loblolly pine response of single-pass HWC treatments. Pines were highly tolerant to imazapyr site preparation treatments as evidenced by the lack of differences in slash or loblolly pine survival and growth from the doubling of imazapyr rates for applications in either August or November. There was little meaningful residual control of herbaceous vegetation into the second pine growing season from site preparation treatments or first-year HWC regardless of location. There was no consistent pine response benefit from increasing the imazapyr site preparation rate for included treatments. Cost-effective treatments would utilize low site-preparation herbicide rates followed by the appropriate timing of HWC if longer-term vegetation control is the objective.
Heritability of Justice Sensitivity
Authors: Wang Yun , Luo Yu L. L. , Wu Michael Shengtao , Zhou Yuan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Justice is one of the fundamental principles in human evolution, and justice sensitivity from the pro-self (e.g., as a victim) and the prosocial perspective (e.g., as an observer, beneficiary, and perpetrator) matters in mental wellness and social interaction. However, the extent to which individual difference in justice sensitivity is influenced by genetic versus environmental factors remains unclear. Using a sample with 244 twin pairs, the present research attempts to determine the extent to which genetic factors play a role in the inter-individual difference of justice sensitivity as well as whether different facets of justice sensitivity, namely, pro-self and prosocial perspectives, share a common genetic basis. Results showed that (1) all facets of justice sensitivity were moderately heritable (21–33%) and that the non-shared environmental factors plus measurement error accounted for the rest of the variations (67–79%); (2) associations between the prosocial facets of justice sensitivity were driven by common genetic ( rg = .50–.65) and non-shared environmental (plus measurement error; re = .24–.65) influences, whereas no significant genetic link was found between the pro-self and prosocial facets. The current findings provide novel evidence that sensitivity to injustice, especially to others’ suffering, is fundamentally grounded upon genetic origin, thereby shedding light on the nature and nurture aspects of justice behavior.
Wave‐Enhanced Tracer Dispersion
Authors: Thomas Jim , Gupta Aman 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRecent oceanic datasets indicate high gravity wave‐to‐balance energy ratio at submesoscales. Idealized investigations exploring such wave‐dominated regimes have found that waves can break up coherent vortices and generate energetic small scale flow structures, indicating that the turbulence phenomenology is very different in wave‐dominated regimes when compared to the quasi‐geostrophic regime. Motivated by these recent investigations revealing significant differences in the flow dynamics in quasi‐geostrophic and wave‐dominated regimes and multiple oceanic observations pointing out enhanced tracer stirring at submesoscales, in this paper we compare and contrast passive tracer dispersion by barotropic flows in quasi‐geostrophic and wave‐dominated turbulent regimes using the reduced model explored by Thomas and Yamada (2019), https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2019.465. On comparing passive tracer dispersion by barotropic flows in the two different regimes, we find that wave‐dominated turbulent flows stir and mix tracer fields much more rapidly than quasi‐geostrophic turbulent flows that consist of well‐defined coherent vortices. The presence of energetic small‐scale features in wave‐dominated flows increases small‐scale turbulent diffusivity and results in steeper tracer variance spectrum in wave‐dominated flows compared to the quasi‐geostrophic flows. Our findings point out that gravity waves can play an indirect role in enhancing tracer dispersion: waves modify the flow, generating energetic small‐scale structures, that makes stirring of tracers more efficient. Despite our study being idealized, we speculate the qualitative phenomenology of waves indirectly enhancing tracer dispersion to be of significance at submesoscales in the world's oceans.
ENSO‐Driven Fires Cause Large Interannual Variability in the Naturally Emitted, Ozone‐Depleting Trace Gas CH3Br
Authors: Nicewonger M. R. , Saltzman Eric S. , Montzka S. A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMethyl bromide (CH3Br) is an ozone depleting trace gas that is now mainly emitted from natural sources. Roughly 80% of anthropogenic production of CH3Br was phased‐out in response to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer beginning in 1999 and atmospheric levels of CH3Br have declined considerably since. Here we use surface measurements of CH3Br from NOAA's global air sampling network, along with a six‐box atmosphere/ocean model to explore interannual variability in atmospheric CH3Br mole fractions. We find that CH3Br mole fractions are strongly correlated with the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon, but variability in winds, sea surface temperature, and biological production during ENSO are unlikely to drive the observed changes in atmospheric CH3Br directly. Rather, the results indicate that ENSO‐driven changes to biomass burning are an important cause of the observed interannual CH3Br variability.
Urban Water Storage Capacity Inferred From Observed Evapotranspiration Recession
Authors: Jongen H. J. , Steeneveld G. J. , Beringer J. , Christen A. , Chrysoulakis N. , Fortuniak K. , Hong J. , Hong J. W. , Jacobs C. M. J. , Järvi L. , Meier F. , Pawlak W. , Roth M. , Theeuwes N. E. , Velasco E. , Vogt R. , Teuling A. J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWater storage plays an important role in mitigating heat and flooding in urban areas. Assessment of the water storage capacity of cities remains challenging due to the inherent heterogeneity of the urban surface. Traditionally, effective storage has been estimated from runoff. Here, we present a novel approach to estimate effective water storage capacity from recession rates of observed evaporation during precipitation‐free periods. We test this approach for cities at neighborhood scale with eddy‐covariance based latent heat flux observations from 14 contrasting sites with different local climate zones, vegetation cover and characteristics, and climates. Based on analysis of 583 drydowns, we find storage capacities to vary between 1.3 and 28.4 mm, corresponding to e‐folding timescales of 1.8–20.1 days. This makes the urban storage capacity at least five times smaller than all the observed values for natural ecosystems, reflecting an evaporation regime characterized by extreme water limitation.
Rapid Communication of Upper‐Ocean Salinity Anomaly to Deep Waters of the Iceland Basin Indicates an AMOC Short‐Cut
Authors: Chafik Léon , Holliday N. Penny 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe mooring observations of the Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Program reveal a significant freshening of the Iceland Scotland overflow waters that did not involve the Nordic Seas, the source of the dense Deep North Atlantic Water (Devana et al., 2021, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL094396). Their study suggests that this freshening at depth in the Iceland Basin stems from the largest upper‐ocean freshening event in 120 years that rapidly communicated through entrainment with the Iceland Scotland Overflow Waters. This communication, which is very likely driven by strong wintertime heat losses, strongly adds to our thinking that the progression of this extreme freshening event is providing us with a natural tracer that is helping to identify and understand key processes that determine the strength and variability of the overturning circulation and its sensitivity to ongoing climate change. Continued monitoring of the overturning in the North Atlantic is therefore necessary.
Accurate Retrieval of Asymmetry Parameter for Large and Complex Ice Crystals From In‐Situ Polar Nephelometer Measurements
Authors: Xu Guanglang , Schnaiter Martin , Järvinen Emma 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe retrieval of the asymmetry parameter from nephelometer measurements can be challenging due to the inability to detect the whole angular range. Here, we present a new method for retrieving the asymmetry parameter of ice crystals with relatively large size parameters (>50) from polar nephelometer measurements. We propose to fit the angular scattering measurement with a series of Legendre polynomials and the best fitted coefficients give the asymmetry parameter. The accuracy of the retrieval is analyzed by accessing the smoothness of the phase function, which is closely linked to the complexity of ice particle. It is found that the uncertainty of retrieval could be smaller than 0.01, provided the measured intensity profile is smooth enough. As an application, we report an case study on Arctic cirrus, which shows a mean value for the asymmetry parameter of 0.72.