bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Patients’ Supportive Care Needs—A Social Work Perspective
Authors: Gualthérie van Weezel Anne E , Husson Olga , Zilver Sanne J M , van der Laan Elsbeth J H M , Koch Sonja , van Klinken Merel , van der Graaf Winette T A , Sleeman Sophia H E , Kunst Judith C E M , de Geus Jenneke E , Bleiker Eveline M A 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify (unmet) needs from a social work perspective of Adolescents and Young Adults (AYAs; aged eighteen to thirty-nine years) treated for cancer. The biopsychosocial model was used as framework to investigate the (unmet) needs of the AYAs. AYAs within two years after their cancer diagnosis were invited to participate in an interview. In addition, case studies were presented. Nine AYAs agreed to participate in the interviews. All respondents struggled with the rehabilitation and ‘post cancer’ phase and the impact of the treatment on their physical, sexual and psychological well-being. AYAs with an active desire to have children mentioned lack of information about the options of fertility preservation. The respondents would recommend psychosocial support for their peer AYAs, despite the absence of a need themselves. Themes such as lack of control, social economic (financial) status and existential issues were less prominent. Social workers should standardly be involved in the hospitals’ care path throughout the disease continuum: starting at diagnosis, continuing throughout treatment, and importantly, also in the rehabilitation phase and end-of-life care. The biopsychosocial model can serve as a tool to support the social worker in the counselling of these AYAs.
Sex-specific lipid dysregulation in the Abca7 knockout mouse brain
Authors: Fu YuHong , He Ying , Phan Katherine , Pickford Russell , Kim Young-Bum , Dzamko Nicolas , Halliday Glenda M. , Kim Woojin Scott 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease is a devastating neurodegenerative disease that affects more women than men. The pathomechanism underlying the sex disparity, especially in the brain, is unclear. ABCA7 is one of the strongest susceptibility genes for Alzheimer’s disease. It mediates the transport of lipids across membranes and is associated with pathways related to amyloid-β neuropathology. However, the role of ABCA7 in the regulation of brain lipids is largely unknown. Sex-specific differences in the pathological link between brain lipid dysregulation and amyloid-β are also unknown. Here, we undertook quantitative discovery lipidomics of male and female Abca7 knockout (n = 52) and wild type (n = 35) mouse brain using sophisticated liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. We identified 61 lipid subclasses in the mouse brain and found sex-specific differences in lipids that were altered with Abca7 deletion. The altered lipids belong to cellular pathways that control cell signalling, sterol metabolism, mitochondrial function and neuroprotection. We also investigated the relationship between lipids and amyloid-β levels in the Abca7 knockout mice and found elevated free cholesterol only in female mice that was significantly correlated with amyloid-β42 levels. In male Abca7 knockout mice, the neuroprotective ganglioside GD1a levels were elevated and inversely correlated with amyloid-β42 levels. Collectively, these results demonstrate that Abca7 deletion leads to sex-specific lipid dysregulation in the brain, providing insight into the underlying sex disparity in the aetiology of Alzheimer’s disease.
CSF-1R inhibitor, pexidartinib, sensitizes esophageal adenocarcinoma to PD-1 immune checkpoint blockade in a rat model
Authors: Omstead Ashten N , Paskewicz Michael , Gorbunova Anastasia , Zheng Ping , Salvitti Madison S , Mansoor Rubab , Reed Payton , Ballengee Sydne , Wagner Patrick L , Jobe Blair A , Kelly Ronan J , Zaidi Ali H 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is a leading cause of cancer deaths. Pexidartinib, a multi-gene tyrosine kinase inhibitor, through targeting colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1) receptor (CSF-1R), down modulates macrophage-mediated pro-survival tumor signaling. Previously, CSF-1R inhibitors have successfully shown to enhance antitumor activity of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors by suppressing tumor immune evasion, in solid tumors. In this study, we investigated the antitumor activity of pexidartinib alone or in combination with blockade of PD-1 in a de novo EAC rat model. Here, we showed limited toxicity with significant tumor shrinkage in pexidartinib treated animals compared to controls, single agent and in combination with a PD-1 inhibitor, AUNP-12. Suppression of CSF-1/CSF-1R axis resulted in enhanced infiltration of CD3 + CD8 + T cells with reduced M2 macrophage polarization, in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Endpoint tissue gene expression in pexidartinib treated animals demonstrated upregulation of BAX, Cas3, TNFα, IFNγ and IL6 and downregulation of Ki67, IL13, IL10, TGFβ and Arg1 (P &lt; 0.05). Additionally, among the pexidartinib treated animals responders compared to nonresponders demonstrated a significant upregulation of pretreatment CSF-1 gene, confirming that tumor-associated macrophage suppression directly translates to clinical benefit. Moreover, a posttreatment serum cytokine assay exhibited similar systemic trends as the gene expression in the TME, depicting increases in proinflammatory cytokines and decreases in anti-inflammatory cytokines. In conclusion, our study established a promising combinatorial strategy using a CSF-1R inhibitor to overcome resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 axis blockade in an EAC model, providing the rationale for future clinical strategies.
Layer-specific distribution and expression pattern of AMPA- and NMDA-type glutamate receptors in the barrel field of the adult rat somatosensory cortex: a quantitative electron microscopic analysis
Authors: Rollenhagen Astrid , Anstötz Max , Zimmermann Kerstin , Kasugai Yu , Sätzler Kurt , Molnar Elek , Ferraguti Francesco , Lübke Joachim H R 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAMPA (α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid) and NMDA (N-methyl-d-aspartate) glutamate receptors are driving forces for synaptic transmission and plasticity at neocortical synapses. However, their distribution pattern in the adult rat neocortex is largely unknown and was quantified using freeze fracture replication combined with postimmunogold-labeling. Both receptors were co-localized at layer (L)4 and L5 postsynaptic densities (PSDs). At L4 dendritic shaft and spine PSDs, the number of gold grains detecting AMPA was similar, whereas at L5 shaft PSDs AMPA-receptors outnumbered those on spine PSDs. Their number was significantly higher at L5 vs. L4 PSDs. At L4 and L5 dendritic shaft PSDs, the number of gold grains detecting GluN1 was ~2-fold higher than at spine PSDs. The number of gold grains detecting the GluN1-subunit was higher for both shaft and spine PSDs in L5 vs. L4. Both receptors showed a large variability in L4 and L5. A high correlation between the number of gold grains and PSD size for both receptors and targets was observed. Both receptors were distributed over the entire PSD but showed a layer- and target-specific distribution pattern.The layer- and target-specific distribution of AMPA and GluN1 glutamate receptors partially contribute to the observed functional differences in synaptic transmission and plasticity in the neocortex.
A Fuzzy Inference-Based Decision Support System for Disease Diagnosis
Authors: Alam Talha Mahboob , Shaukat Kamran , Khelifi Adel , Aljuaid Hanan , Shafqat Malaika , Ahmed Usama , Nafees Sadeem Ahmad , Luo Suhuai 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Disease diagnosis is an exciting task due to many associated factors. Inaccuracy in the measurement of a patient’s symptoms and the medical expert’s expertise has some limitations capacity to articulate cause affects the diagnosis process when several connected variables contribute to uncertainty in the diagnosis process. In this case, a decision support system that can assist clinicians in developing a more accurate diagnosis has a lot of potentials. This work aims to deploy a fuzzy inference-based decision support system to diagnose various diseases. Our suggested method distinguishes new cases based on illness symptoms. Distinguishing symptomatic disorders becomes a time-consuming task in most cases. It is critical to design a system that can accurately track symptoms to identify diseases using a fuzzy inference system (FIS). Different coefficients were used to predict and compute the severity of the predicted diseases for each sign of disease. This study aims to differentiate and diagnose COVID-19, typhoid, malaria and pneumonia. The FIS approach was utilized in this study to determine the condition correlating with input symptoms. The FIS method demonstrates that afflictive illness can be diagnosed based on the symptoms. Our decision support system’s findings showed that FIS might be used to identify a variety of ailments. Doctors, patients, medical practitioners and other healthcare professionals could benefit from our suggested decision support system for better diagnosis and treatment.
Outcomes following cardiac sympathetic denervation in patients with structural heart disease and refractory ventricular arrhythmia
Authors: König Sebastian , Schröter Thomas , Borger Michael A , Bertagnolli Livio , Nedios Sotirios , Darma Angeliki , Hindricks Gerhard , Arya Arash , Dinov Borislav 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Aim
Cardiac sympathetic denervation (CSD) has been introduced as a bailout therapy in patients with structural heart disease and refractory ventricular arrhythmias (VAs), but available data are scarce. Purpose of this study was to estimate immediate results, complications, and mid-term outcomes of CSD following recurrent VA after catheter ablation.

Methods and results
Adult patients who underwent CSD in the Heart Center Leipzig from March 2017 to February 2021 were retrospectively analysed. Follow-up (FU) was executed via implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) interrogation, telephone interviews, and reviewing medical records. Twenty-one patients (age 63.7 ± 14.4 years, all men, 71.4% non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy, left ventricular ejection fraction 31.6 ± 12.6%) received CSD via video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (90.5% bilateral, 9.5% left-sided only). Indication for CSD was monomorphic ventricular tachycardia in 76.2% and ventricular fibrillation in 23.8 with 71.4% of patients presenting with electrical storm before index hospitalization. Procedure-related major complications occurred in 9.5% of patients. In-hospital adverse events not related to surgery were common (28.6%) and two patients died during the index hospital stay. During FU (mean duration 9.1 ± 6.5 months), five more patients died. Of the remaining patients, 38.5 and 76.9% were free from any VA or ICD shocks, respectively.

Conclusions
The CSD showed additional moderate efficacy to suppress VAs, when performed as a bailout therapy after previously unsuccessful catheter ablation. At 9 months, it was associated with freedom of ICD shocks in two-thirds of patients. In a population with many comorbidities, the rate of CSD-related complications was acceptable, although there was an overall high risk of procedure unrelated adverse events and death.
Use of instant messaging in electrophysiological clinical practice in Latin America: a LAHRS survey
Authors: de Oliveira Figueiredo Márcio Jansen , Cuesta Alejandro , Duncker David , Boveda Serge , Guerra Federico , Márquez Manlio F 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimsInstant messaging (IM) platforms are a prominent component of telemedicine and a practical tool for sharing clinical data and counselling. Purpose of the survey was to inquire about the use of IM, the platforms used, frequency, recipients, and contents in Latin America region.Methods and resultsAn online survey was sent to medical community via newsletter and social media channels. The survey consisted in 22 questions, in Spanish and Portuguese, collected on SurveyMonkey. A total of 125 responders from 13 Latin-American countries (79% male, mean age 46.1 ± 9.7 years) completed the survey. Most of the responders declared that they send (88.8%) and receive (97.6%) clinical data through IM apps. Most senders declare that they anonymize clinical data before sending (71.0 ± 38.3%), but that the data received is anonymized only in 51.4 ± 33.5%. The most common tests shared with other physicians were 12-lead electrocardiograms (99.2%), followed by Holter recordings (68.0%) and tracings from electrophysiological studies (63.2%). The majority (55.2%) said that are unaware of legal data protection rules in their countries.ConclusionsIM apps are used by medical professionals worldwide to share and discuss clinical data and are preferred to many other methods of data sharing and are often used to share many different types of clinical data. They are perceived as a fast and easy way of communication, but medical professionals should be aware of the appropriate use of IM to prevent legal and privacy issues.
GWAS of thyroid dysgenesis identifies a risk locus at 2q33.3 linked to regulation of Wnt signaling
Authors: Narumi Satoshi , Opitz Robert , Nagasaki Keisuke , Muroya Koji , Asakura Yumi , Adachi Masanori , Abe Kiyomi , Sugisawa Chiho , Kühnen Peter , Ishii Tomohiro , Nöthen Markus M , Krude Heiko , Hasegawa Tomonobu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Congenital hypothyroidism due to thyroid dysgenesis (TD), presented as thyroid aplasia, hypoplasia or ectopia, is one of the most prevalent rare diseases with an isolated organ malformation. The pathogenesis of TD is largely unknown, although a genetic predisposition has been suggested. We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) with 142 Japanese TD cases and 8380 controls and found a significant locus at 2q33.3 (top single nucleotide polymorphism, rs9789446: P = 4.4 × 10−12), which was replicated in a German patient cohort (P = 0.0056). A subgroup analysis showed that rs9789446 confers a risk for thyroid aplasia (per allele odds ratio = 3.17) and ectopia (3.12) but not for hypoplasia. Comprehensive epigenomic characterization of the 72-kb disease-associated region revealed that it was enriched for active enhancer signatures in human thyroid. Analysis of chromosome conformation capture data showed long-range chromatin interactions of this region with promoters of two genes, FZD5 and CCNYL1, mediating Wnt signaling. Moreover, rs9789446 was found to be a thyroid-specific quantitative trait locus, adding further evidence for a cis-regulatory function of this region in thyroid tissue. Specifically, because the risk rs9789446 allele is associated with increased thyroidal expression of FDZ5 and CCNYL1 and given the recent demonstration of perturbed early thyroid development following overactivation of Wnt signaling in zebrafish embryos, an enhanced Wnt signaling in risk allele carriers provides a biologically plausible TD mechanism. In conclusion, our work found the first risk locus for TD, exemplifying that in rare diseases with relatively low biological complexity, GWAS may provide mechanistic insights even with a small sample size.
Polygenic risk scores for prediction of breast cancer risk in women of African ancestry: a cross-ancestry approach
Authors: Gao Guimin , Zhao Fangyuan , Ahearn Thomas U , Lunetta Kathryn L , Troester Melissa A , Du Zhaohui , Ogundiran Temidayo O , Ojengbede Oladosu , Blot William , Nathanson Katherine L , Domchek Susan M , Nemesure Barbara , Hennis Anselm , Ambs Stefan , McClellan Julian , Nie Mark , Bertrand Kimberly , Zirpoli Gary , Yao Song , Olshan Andrew F , Bensen Jeannette T , Bandera Elisa V , Nyante Sarah , Conti David V , Press Michael F , Ingles Sue A , John Esther M , Bernstein Leslie , Hu Jennifer J , Deming-Halverson Sandra L , Chanock Stephen J , Ziegler Regina G , Rodriguez-Gil Jorge L , Sucheston-Campbell Lara E , Sandler Dale P , Taylor Jack A , Kitahara Cari M , O’Brien Katie M , Bolla Manjeet K , Dennis Joe , Dunning Alison M , Easton Douglas F , Michailidou Kyriaki , Pharoah Paul D P , Wang Qin , Figueroa Jonine , Biritwum Richard , Adjei Ernest , Wiafe Seth ,   GBHS Study Team, Ambrosone Christine B , Zheng Wei , Olopade Olufunmilayo I , García-Closas Montserrat , Palmer Julie R , Haiman Christopher A , Huo Dezheng 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) are useful for predicting breast cancer risk, but the prediction accuracy of existing PRSs in women of African ancestry (AA) remains relatively low. We aim to develop optimal PRSs for the prediction of overall and estrogen receptor (ER) subtype-specific breast cancer risk in AA women. The AA dataset comprised 9235 cases and 10 184 controls from four genome-wide association study (GWAS) consortia and a GWAS study in Ghana. We randomly divided samples into training and validation sets. We built PRSs using individual-level AA data by a forward stepwise logistic regression and then developed joint PRSs that combined (1) the PRSs built in the AA training dataset and (2) a 313-variant PRS previously developed in women of European ancestry. PRSs were evaluated in the AA validation set. For overall breast cancer, the odds ratio per standard deviation of the joint PRS in the validation set was 1.34 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.27–1.42] with the area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.581. Compared with women with average risk (40th–60th PRS percentile), women in the top decile of the PRS had a 1.98-fold increased risk (95% CI: 1.63–2.39). For PRSs of ER-positive and ER-negative breast cancer, the AUCs were 0.608 and 0.576, respectively. Compared with existing methods, the proposed joint PRSs can improve prediction of breast cancer risk in AA women.
Detecting Mismatch in Functional Narratives of Animal Morphology: A Test Case with Fossils
Authors: Hebdon Nicholas , Polly P David , Peterman David Joseph , Ritterbush Kathleen A 
Published: May 2022

Synopsis
A boom in technological advancements over the last two decades has driven a surge in both the diversity and power of analytical tools available to biomechanical and functional morphology research. However, in order to adequately investigate each of these dense datasets, one must often consider only one functional narrative at a time. There is more to each organism than any one of these form–function relationships. Joint performance landscapes determined by maximum likelihood are a valuable tool that can be used to synthesize our understanding of these multiple functional hypotheses to further explore an organism's ecology. We present an example framework for applying these tools to such a problem using the morphological transition of ammonoids from the Middle Triassic to the Early Jurassic. Across this time interval, morphospace occupation shifts from a broad occupation across Westermann Morphospace to a dense occupation of a region emphasizing an exposed umbilicus and modest frontal profile. The hydrodynamic capacities and limitations of the shell have seen intense scrutiny as a likely explanation of this transition. However, conflicting interpretations of hydrodynamic performance remain despite this scrutiny, with scant offerings of alternative explanations. Our analysis finds that hydrodynamic measures of performance do little to explain the shift in morphological occupation, highlighting a need for a more robust investigation of alternative functional hypotheses that are often intellectually set aside. With this we show a framework for consolidating the current understanding of the form–function relationships in an organism, and assess when they are insufficiently characterizing the dynamics those data are being used to explain. We aim to encourage the broader adoption of this framework and these ideas as a foundation to bring the field close to comprehensive synthesis and reconstruction of organisms.
Batch-Mask: Automated Image Segmentation for Organisms with Limbless or Non-Standard Body Forms
Authors: Curlis John David , Renney Timothy , Davis Rabosky Alison R , Moore Talia Y 
Published: May 2022

SynopsisEfficient comparisons of biological color patterns are critical for understanding the mechanisms by which organisms evolve in nature, including sexual selection, predator–prey interactions, and thermoregulation. However, limbless, elongate, or spiral-shaped organisms do not conform to the standard orientation and photographic techniques required for many automated analyses. Currently, large-scale color analysis of elongate animals requires time-consuming manual landmarking, which reduces their representation in coloration research despite their ecological importance. We present Batch-Mask: an automated, customizable workflow to automatically analyze large photographic datasets to isolate non-standard biological organisms from the background. Batch-Mask is completely open-source and does not depend on any proprietary software. We also present a user guide for fine-tuning weights to a custom dataset and incorporating existing manual visual analysis tools (e.g., micaToolbox) into a single automated workflow for comparing color patterns across images. Batch-Mask was 60x faster than manual landmarking and produced masks that correctly identified 96% of all snake pixels. To validate our approach, we used micaToolbox to compare pattern energy in a sample set of snake photographs segmented by Batch-Mask and humans and found no significant difference in the output results. The fine-tuned weights, user guide, and automated workflow substantially decrease the amount of time and attention required to quantitatively analyze non-standard biological subjects. With these tools, biologists can compare color, pattern, and shape differences in large datasets that include significant morphological variation in elongate body forms. This advance is especially valuable for comparative analyses of natural history collections across a broad range of morphologies. Through landmark-free automation, Batch-Mask can greatly expand the scale of space, time, or taxonomic breadth across which color variation can be quantitatively examined.
Guadalupe fur seal pup production predicted from annual variations of sea surface temperature in the southern California Current Ecosystem
Authors: Juárez-Ruiz Ariadna , Pardo Mario A , Hernández-Montoya Julio C , Elorriaga-Verplancken Fernando R , Milanés-Salinas María de los Ángeles , Norris Tenaya , Beier Emilio , Heckel Gisela 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe evaluated the effects of sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) in the southern California Current Ecosystem on the annual Guadalupe fur seal (Arctocephalus townsendi) pup production, a species recovering from near extinction. Pup counts from 1991 to 1993 and from 2006 to 2019 were used to estimate deviations from a long-term trend as a proxy for the population's reproductive success. We estimated interannual SSTA as a subtraction from the linear trend spanning 1991–2019 for a 778,000 km2 area, which represents the primary foraging range of adult females. The long-term increase in pup production followed an exponential curve ( ${\rm{R}}_{\rm{B}}^2 = {\rm{\ }}1$), typical of species in a recovery phase. Pup production deviations from this trend responded to SSTA during the gestation period as a cubic polynomial function ( ${\rm{R}}_{\rm{B}}^2 = {\rm{\ }}0.837$), revealing that SSTA &lt; −0.2°C and between ∼0.6 and 1.38°C increased pup production in the subsequent breeding season, whereas normal to slightly warm (−0.17 to 0.6°C) and extreme SSTA (&gt;1.4°C) decreased pup counts, arguably resulting from low prey availability and quality. This model allowed us to estimate pup production for years without observations, needed to understand the environmental variability influence on the recovery process of this species, and therefore constitutes a practical tool for its conservation and management.