bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding the diversity of objectives among women forest owners in Finland
Authors: Kuhlman Juulia , Berghäll Sami , Hurttala Henna , Vainio Annukka 
Published: July 2022

Women forest owners control a significant share of private forests in Finland, but they are often underrepresented in forest-related surveys. It also seems that women forest owners are less active in performing forestry work or selling wood; however, the information on women forest owners is sparce. The purpose of this study is to deepen understanding of the association between women forest owners’ activities and their ownership objectives. The study analysed a large survey ( n = 6468) collected as part of the Finnish Forest Owner 2020 research project. Overall, women forest owners were found to be less active in many aspects compared to their men counterparts. With k-means clustering, four different clusters of women forest owners with different ownership-objective profiles were identified. Differences in ownership activities between the clusters were compared using Pearson's chi-square test. Multi-objective women forest owners were more active than other women owners. Moreover, women forest owners who valued nature and recreation were less active than other women forest owners. This might indicate the lack of service-dominant logic in forestry-related services. By providing a more detailed understanding of women forest owners, the results aid the design of more equal and inclusive forest policies and forest services.
Weaker yet again: mass spectrum-consistent cosmological constraints on the neutrino lifetime
Authors: Chen Joe Zhiyu , Oldengott Isabel M. , Pierobon Giovanni , Wong Yvonne Y. Y. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe consider invisible neutrino decay $$\nu _H \rightarrow \nu _l + \phi $$

ν
H

→

ν
l

+
ϕ

in the ultra-relativistic limit and compute the neutrino anisotropy loss rate relevant for the cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies. Improving on our previous work which assumed massless$$\nu _l$$

ν
l

and $$\phi $$
ϕ
, we reinstate in this work the daughter neutrino mass $$m_{\nu l}$$

m

ν
l

in a manner consistent with the experimentally determined neutrino mass splittings. We find that a nonzero $$m_{\nu l}$$

m

ν
l

introduces a new phase space factor in the loss rate $$\varGamma _\mathrm{T}$$

Γ
T

proportional to $$(\varDelta m_\nu ^2/m_{\nu _H}^2)^2$$

(
Δ

m
ν
2

/

m

ν
H

2

)

2

in the limit of a small squared mass gap between the parent and daughter neutrinos, i.e., $$\varGamma _\mathrm{T} \sim (\varDelta m_\nu ^2/m_{\nu H}^2)^2 (m_{\nu H}/E_\nu )^5 (1/\tau _0)$$

Γ
T

∼

(
Δ

m
ν
2

/

m

ν
H

2

)

2

(

m

ν
H

/

E
ν

)

5

(
1
/

τ
0

)

, where $$\tau _0$$

τ
0

is the $$\nu _H$$

ν
H

rest-frame lifetime. Using a general form of this result, we update the limit on $$\tau _0$$

τ
0

using the Planck 2018 CMB data. We find that for a parent neutrino of mass $$m_{\nu H} \lesssim 0.1$$

m

ν
H

≲
0.1

eV, the new phase space factor weakens the constraint on its lifetime by up to a factor of 50 if $$\varDelta m_\nu ^2$$

Δ

m
ν
2

corresponds to the atmospheric mass gap and up to $$10^{5}$$

10
5

if the solar mass gap, in comparison with naïve estimates that assume $$m_{\nu l}=0$$

m

ν
l

=
0

. The revised constraints are (i) $$\tau ^0 > rsim (6 \rightarrow 10) \times 10^5$$

τ
0

≳

(
6
→
10
)

×

10
5

s and $$\tau ^0 > rsim (400 \rightarrow 500)$$

τ
0

≳

(
400
→
500
)

s if only one neutrino decays to a daughter neutrino separated by, respectively, the atmospheric and the solar mass gap, and (ii) $$\tau ^0 > rsim (2 \rightarrow 6) \times 10^7$$

τ
0

≳

(
2
→
6
)

×

10
7

s in the case of two decay channels with one near-common atmospheric mass gap. In contrast to previous, naïve limits which scale as $$m_{\nu H}^5$$

m

ν
H

5

, these mass spectrum-consistent $$\tau _0$$

τ
0

constraints are remarkably independent of the parent mass and open up a swath of parameter space within the projected reach of IceCube and other neutrino telescopes in the next two decades.
Scalar scattering by black holes and wormholes
Authors: Junior Haroldo C. D. Lima , Benone Carolina L. , Crispino Luís C. B. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe study the scattering of monochromatic planar scalar waves in a geometry that interpolates between the Schwarzschild solution, regular black holes and traversable wormhole spacetimes. We employ the partial waves approach to compute the differential scattering cross section of the regular black hole, as well as of the wormhole solutions. We compare our full numerical results with the classical geodesic scattering and the glory approximation, obtaining excellent agreement in the appropriate regime of validity of such approximations. We obtain that the differential scattering cross section for the regular black hole case is similar to the Schwarzschild result. Notwithstanding, the results for wormholes can be very distinctive from the black hole ones. In particular, we show that the differential scattering cross section for wormholes considerably decreases at large scattering angles for resonant frequencies.
Measuring collective attention in online content
Authors: Wu Siqi 
Published: July 2022

Siqi Wu is a postdoctoral research fellow in the Center for Social Media Responsibility at the University of Michigan (Ann Arbor). Prior to that, he was a research fellow in the Computational Media Lab at the Australian National University, where he also completed his Ph.D. (Computer Science). His research interests include computational social science, social computing, and crowd-sourcing systems. He has published papers at ICWSM, CSCW, CIKM, WWW, and WSDM. He has received one best paper honorable mention award at CSCW and one best paper finalist award at ICWSM. He was also a recipient of the Google PhD fellowship. More information about Siqi's work can be found at https://avalanchesiqi.github.io
In his thesis, Siqi focused on understanding how online content captures collective human attention. He tackled a series of questions, including (a) how does Twitter API's sampling mechanism impact common measurements? (b) why do some YouTube videos keep the users staying longer? (c) how does YouTube recommender system drive user attention? (d) how do liberals and conservatives engage in cross-partisan discussions online? and (e) how does online attention transcend across platforms, across topics, and over time? Altogether, his research explores the collective consumption patterns of human attention in digital platforms. Methods, observations, and software demonstrations from his work can be used by content owners, hosting sites, and online users alike to improve video production, recommender systems, and advertising strategies.
A Moist Available Potential Energy Budget for an Axisymmetric Tropical Cyclone
Authors: Harris Bethan L. , Tailleux Rémi , Holloway Christopher E. , Vidale Pier Luigi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The main energy source for the intensification of a tropical cyclone (TC) is widely accepted to be the transfer of energy from the ocean to the atmosphere via surface fluxes. The pathway through which these surface fluxes lead to an increase in the kinetic energy of the cyclone has typically been interpreted either in terms of total potential energy or dry available potential energy (APE), or through the entropy-based heat engine viewpoint. Here, we use the local theory of APE to construct a budget of moist APE for an idealized axisymmetric simulation of a tropical cyclone. This is the first full budget of local moist APE budget for an atmospheric model. In the local moist APE framework, latent surface heat fluxes are the dominant generator of moist APE, which is then converted into kinetic energy via buoyancy fluxes. In the core region of the TC, the inward transport of APE by the secondary circulation is more important than its local production. The APE viewpoint describes spatially and temporally varying efficiencies; these may be useful in understanding how changes in efficiency influence TC development, and have a maximum that can be linked to the Carnot efficiency featuring in potential intensity theory.
Uncovering the Intrinsic Intensity–Size Relationship of Tropical Cyclones
Authors: Sun Jie , Cai Ming , Liu Guosheng , Yan Ruikai , Zhang Da-Lin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The central theme of this study is to explore if and how the intensity of a tropical cyclone (TC) is related to its size. This subject has puzzled atmospheric scientists since the work of Deppermann, but the existence of this relationship still remains elusive. The improved understanding of the intensity–size relationship of TCs will help coastal communities to prepare for the maximum potential damage as both the intensity and size have important impacts on wind damages, storm surges, and flooding. This study considers 33 years (1988–2020) of TC records of maximum surface winds and radii of maximum and gale-force winds over the North Atlantic basin derived from the Extended Best Track Dataset. Analysis of these TC records reveals a robust positive correlation between loss of Earth and relative angular momentum. This finding together with the inspiration from the seminal work of Emanuel and his collaborators leads us to combine absolute angular momentum and its frictional loss as a radially invariant quantity, referred to as “effective absolute angular momentum” (eAAM), for radial profiles of TC surface winds. It is demonstrated that the eAAM model can reproduce the observed complex intensity–size relationship of TCs, which can be further reduced to a quasi-linear one after factoring out the angular momentum loss and the radius of maximum surface winds. The findings of this study would not only advance our understanding of the complex TC intensity–size relation, but also allow for operational assessments of TC severity and potential damage just using its outer wind information.
Measuring Vertical Velocities with ADCPs in Low-Energy Ocean
Authors: Comby Caroline , Barrillon Stéphanie , Fuda Jean-Luc , Doglioli Andrea M. , Tzortzis Roxane , Grégori Gérald , Thyssen Melilotus , Petrenko Anne A. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Vertical velocities knowledge is essential to study fine-scale dynamics in the surface layers of the ocean and to understand their impact on biological production mechanisms. However, these vertical velocities have long been neglected, simply parameterized, or considered as not measurable, due mainly to their order of magnitude (less than mm s−1 up to cm s−1), generally much lower than the one of the horizontal velocities (cm s−1 to dm s−1), hence the challenge of their in situ measurement. In this paper, we present an upgraded method for direct in situ measurement of vertical velocities using data from different acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) associated with CTD probes, and we perform a comparative analysis of the results obtained by this method. The analyzed data were collected during the FUMSECK cruise, from three ADCPs: two Workhorse (conventional ADCPs), one lowered on a carousel and the other deployed in free-fall mode, and one Sentinel V (a new-generation ADCP with four classical beams and a fifth vertical beam), also lowered on a carousel. Our analyses provide profiles of vertical velocities on the order of mm s−1, as expected, with standard deviations of a few mm s−1. While the fifth beam of the Sentinel V exhibits a better accuracy than conventional ADCPs, the free-fall technique provides a more accurate measurement compared to the carousel technique. Finally, this innovative study opens up the possibility to perform simple and direct in situ measurements of vertical velocities, coupling the free-fall technique with a five-beam ADCP.
Using Stochastically Perturbed Parameterizations to Represent Model Uncertainty. Part I: Implementation and Parameter Sensitivity
Authors: McTaggart-Cowan Ron , Separovic Leo , Aider Rabah , Charron Martin , Desgagné Michel , Houtekamer Pieter L. , Paquin-Ricard Danahé , Vaillancourt Paul A. , Zadra Ayrton 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Accurately representing model-based sources of uncertainty is essential for the development of reliable ensemble prediction systems for NWP applications. Uncertainties in discretizations, algorithmic approximations, and diabatic and unresolved processes combine to influence forecast skill in a flow-dependent way. An emerging approach designed to provide a process-level representation of these potential error sources, stochastically perturbed parameterizations (SPP), is introduced into the Canadian operational Global Ensemble Prediction System. This implementation extends the SPP technique beyond its typical application to free parameters in the physics suite by sampling uncertainty both within the dynamical core and at the formulation level using “error models” when multiple physical closures are available. Because SPP perturbs components within the model, internal consistency is ensured and conservation properties are not affected. The full SPP scheme is shown to increase ensemble spread to keep pace with error growth on a global scale. The sensitivity of the ensemble to each independently perturbed “element” is then assessed, with those responsible for the bulk of the response analyzed in more detail. Perturbations to surface exchange coefficients and the turbulent mixing length have a leading impact on near-surface statistics. Aloft, a tropically focused error model representing uncertainty in the advection scheme is found to initiate growing perturbations on the subtropical jet that lead to forecast improvements at higher latitudes. The results of Part I suggest that SPP has the potential to serve as a reliable representation of model uncertainty for ensemble NWP applications.

Significance Statement
Ensemble systems account for the negative impact that uncertainties in prediction models have on forecasts. Here, uncertain model parameters and algorithms are subjected to perturbations representing impact on forecast errors. By initiating error growth within the model calculations, the equally skillful members of the ensemble remain physically realistic and self-consistent, which is not guaranteed by other depictions of model error. This “stochastically perturbed parameterization” technique (SPP) comprises many small error sources, each analyzed in isolation. Each source is related to a limited set of processes, making it possible to determine how the individual perturbations affect the forecast. We conclude that SPP in the Canadian Global Ensemble Forecasting System produces realistic estimates of the impact of model uncertainties on forecast skill.
Family Members’ Perceptions of Caregiver-Centered Communication with Hospice Interdisciplinary Teams: Relationship to Caregiver Wellbeing
Authors: Washington Karla T. , Demiris George , Pitzer Kyle A. , Tunink Carl , Benson Jacquelyn J. , Oliver Debra Parker 
Published: July 2022

Objective Investigators sought to determine how family caregivers’ psychological and physical wellbeing influenced their perceptions of communication with hospice providers. Methods Researchers conducted a secondary analysis of quantitative data generated during two multisite randomized clinical trials of supportive interventions for hospice family caregivers. Caregivers’ (N = 525) self-reported anxious symptoms, depressive symptoms, physical quality of life, and perceptions of communication with hospice providers were analyzed via a series of linear models that included demographic and contextual controls. Results Caregivers’ anxious symptoms, depressive symptoms, and physical quality of life were largely unrelated to caregivers’ perceptions of their communication with hospice providers when adjusted for demographic and contextual factors. Conclusions Variation in caregivers’ perceptions of their communication with hospice providers was not well explained by caregiver wellbeing. Additional research is needed to understand if and how caregivers’ perceptions of communication with hospice providers are related to factors not included in this secondary analysis. Provider-related variables may be particularly important to consider.
Analysis of factors affecting the time for implantation of a total hip arthroplasty in patients with symptomatic primary and secondary hip osteoarthritis
Authors: Becker Leon D , Floerkemeier Thilo , Derksen Alexander , Schwarze Michael , Budde Stefan , Windhagen Henning , Wirries Nils 
Published: July 2022

Background: Many studies have identified factors associated with an unfavourable clinical outcome or an early conversion to total hip arthroplasty (THA) after joint-preserving treatment. We analysed the effect and reliability of different factors on the age at which THA becomes necessary. Methods: Hip joint radiographs of 2485 cases were evaluated using the lateral centre-edge angle (LCEA) and acetabulum angle (ACA) as well as the alpha angle to describe the femoral head shapes. Regressions were performed using patient’s age at the time of THA and body mass index (BMI) as well as LCEA and ACA. Multiple linear regressions were used to create a formula comprising factors that significantly correlated with patient age at the time of joint replacement surgery. Results: The BMI, LCEA, and ACA showed significant correlations with the age of THA implantation ( p < 0.001). Multiple linear regressions produced the following formula: age (THA) = 72.40–0.40 × BMI + 0.20 × LCEA–0.18 × ACA. BMI showed a stronger impact on the age of end-stage osteoarthritis than the ACA. The formula explained 12.1% of the distributing data (r2). Surprisingly, the alpha angle did not show an impact on the age of THA surgery. Conclusions: BMI had the greatest impact on patient’s age at the time of THA, followed by the characteristic radiological angles for hip dysplasia. The resulting formula could emphasise and visualise the significant impact of these factors. However, despite the calculation being based on 2485 cases, the calculated validity of 12.1% was limited.
Management of posterior circulation tandem occlusions in acute ischemic stroke: Recanalize the dominant vertebral artery with priority
Authors: Liang Kun , Wang Bin , Zhao Linbo , Cao Yuezhou , Jiang Lei , Liu Qianghui , Liu Sheng , Shi Haibin , Jia Zhenyu 
Published: July 2022

Purpose To illustrate the characteristics of acute ostial vertebral artery (VA) and basilar artery (BA) tandem occlusions. The endovascular treatment strategy for ostial VA-BA tandem occlusion was reported. Materials and Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients with ostial VA-BA tandem occlusion who underwent endovascular treatment in our center between November 2018 and February 2022. We preferred to recanalize the dominant vertebral artery with priority. The imaging characteristics, treatment strategy, clinical outcomes, and complications were analyzed. Results In total, 9 patients with ostial VA-BA tandem occlusion were enrolled in this study. All the VA-BA tandem occlusion was caused by acute occlusion of the dominant VA. Endovascular revascularization was performed through the occluded dominant VA in 8 patients and was performed through contralateral non-dominant VA in 1 patient. Successful recanalization (mTICI 2b/3 grade) was achieved in all 9 patients, and 5 patients (55.5%) achieved functional independence with a mRS score of 0–2 at 90 days. Conclusions In this case series, the occurrence of ostial VA-BA tandem occlusions was mainly caused by acute occlusion of the dominant VA. Endovascular revascularization of ostial VA-BA tandem occlusions through occluded dominant VA was feasible and recommended.
Pipeline embolization of complex, wide-necked middle cerebral artery bifurcation aneurysms: A single-center experience
Authors: Wang Jingjing , Deng Xin , Li Dong , Yang Zhen , Guo Xin-bin 
Published: July 2022

Purpose To evaluate the performance of Pipeline Embolization Device (PED) in complex, wide-necked middle cerebral artery (MCA) bifurcation aneurysms. Methods We performed a retrospective review of patients treated with PED for complex, wide-necked MCA bifurcation aneurysms between August 2016 and March 2021. In addition to demographic data, we collected aneurysmal neck width, dome-to-neck ratio, complications, and clinical and angiographic follow-up. The embolization degree of aneurysms was evaluated by O’Kelly-Marotta (OKM) grading scale, and the prognosis was assessed with the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Results From August 2016 to March 2021, a total of 46 patients with 49 MCA bifurcation aneurysms in our center were enrolled, of whom all received PEDs successfully. The O’Kelly-Marotta (OKM) grading showed that post-procedure 15 patients (32.6%) were grade C, another 8 patients (17.4%) were grade D. Aneurysms with small remnant or complete occlusion were 50%, symptomatic ischemic events occurred in 3 (6.5%), and bleeding events in 1 (2.2%). 41 patients underwent a 6-month angiography follow-up, in which 7 patients (17.1%) remained OKM grade C and 30 patients (73.2%) achieved OKM grade D. Complete occlusion and small remnant aneurysms were up to 90.3%. 40 (97.6%) patients’ mRS scores were 0, and 1 (2.4%) patient was 2. No new bleeding and ischemic events occurred during the 6-month. Conclusions The Pipeline Embolization Device provides a safe and effective treatment alternative for complex, wide-necked MCA aneurysms. A larger number with longer-term follow-up data is needed for further verification.
Conceptualisations of COPD self-management: A narrative review of the research literature
Authors: Delaney Sarah , Cronin Patricia , Huntley-Moore Sylvia 
Published: July 2022

Aim To examine how self-management is conceptualised in the research literature on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods A narrative review was undertaken to search the research literature on COPD self-management. Ten databases (2000–2021) were searched for published texts. Sixty-two articles met the inclusion criteria. A thematic analysis was conducted of the literature. Results Three conceptualisations of COPD self-management were identified: 1) a dominant medicocentric conceptualisation which represented self-management as medical in focus; 2) a less dominant experiential conceptualisation that viewed it as arising from the experiences of people living with COPD; and 3) a smaller body of literature that attempted to integrate medicocentric and experiential conceptualisations of self-management. Discussion The dominance of the medicocentric conceptualisation of self-management and the polarisation of medicocentric and experiential perspectives were striking. An integrated conceptualisation of self-management has the potential to unite these competing perspectives and promote collaborative relationships between individuals and professionals, so long as the underlying values informing it are made explicit. However, there is a dearth of literature on this approach and it would benefit from more attention. Methods such as Co-production and the Personal Outcomes Approach offer the potential to support an integrated perspective in clinical practice.