bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety of allergen‐specific immunotherapy in children
Authors: De Filippo Maria , Votto Martina , Caminiti Lucia , Panasiti Ilenia , Carella Francesco , De Castro Giovanna , Landi Massimo , Olcese Roberta , Vernich Mario , Marseglia Gian Luigi , Ciprandi Giorgio , Barberi Salvatore 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAllergic respiratory diseases, such as asthma and allergic rhinitis, are global health issues and have had an increasing prevalence in the last decades. Allergen‐specific immunotherapy (AIT) is the only curative treatment for allergic rhinitis and asthma, as it has a disease‐modifying effect. AIT is generally administered by two routes: subcutaneous (SCIT) and sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT). Local side effects are common, but usually well‐tolerated and self‐limited. However, systemic side effects are rare, and associated with uncontrolled asthma and bronchial obstruction, or related to errors in administration. Physicians should constantly assess potential risk factors for not only reporting systemic reactions and fatalities but also implementing other therapies to improve AIT safety. This paper highlights recent evidence on local and systemic reactions related to SCIT and SLIT in children.
Nutritional status in eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders: A pediatric case‐control study
Authors: Votto Martina , Bonitatibus Giacomo , De Filippo Maria , Pitigalage Kurera Serena Anjali , Brambilla Ilaria , Guarracino Carmen , De Amici Mara , Marseglia Gian Luigi , Licari Amelia 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders (EGIDs) represent an emerging group of heterogeneous diseases associated with failure to thrive, weight loss, protein‐losing enteropathy, and malnutrition. To date, no studies have assessed the nutritional status, vitamin D, and other vitamin levels in patients with non‐esophageal EGIDs. We aim to evaluate the nutritional profile of a cohort of children and adolescents with EGIDs. We performed a case‐control study, enrolling a total of 98 patients, 38 (39%) patients with EoE, 22 (22%) patients with non‐esophageal EGIDs, and 38 (39%) patients with non‐allergic controls. Children with EGIDs had both mean ferritin and mean hemoglobin levels, together with other values such as folates and vitamin B12, within normal range and therefore did not have anemia. Albumin and prealbumin levels were within normal limits. Patients with EGIDs have mean vitamin D values slightly higher than non‐allergic controls. Although this study is retrospective and referred to only one pediatric center, we found that Italian children and adolescents with EGIDs are neither malnourished nor deficient in vitamin D compared with controls.
The history of the drug‐induced enterocolitis syndrome
Authors: Novembre Elio , Barni Simona , Saretta Francesca , Castagnoli Riccardo , Arasi Stefania , Mastrorilli Carla , Pecoraro Luca , Liotti Lucia , Caminiti Lucia , Giovannini Mattia , Mori Francesca ,   the Rare Allergic Diseases Commission of the Italian Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology (SIAIP)
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe diagnosis of drug‐induced enterocolitis syndrome (DIES), resembling the typical findings of a well‐known disease, the food protein‐induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES), was acknowledged in the first publication on the topic in 2014. Ten cases of DIES have been described so far. Unanswered questions concerning DIES include its pathogenetic mechanism, natural history, the possible presence of predisposing genetic factors, and the potential existence of its atypical forms. DIES is a recently defined and intriguing clinical entity, similar to FPIES but triggered by drugs. It seems well‐defined from the clinical point of view, but its pathogenetic mechanisms are not known. DIES deserves more attention among allergists, especially among the professionals who work with children, and all efforts should be conceived to improve its correct recognition and accurate management.
Primary atopic disorders and chronic skin disease
Authors: Cinicola Bianca Laura , Corrente Stefania , Castagnoli Riccardo , Lougaris Vassilios , Giardino Giuliana , Leonardi Lucia , Volpi Stefano , La Torre Francesco , Federici Silvia , Soresina Annarosa , Cancrini Caterina , Marseglia Gian Luigi , Cardinale Fabio ,   the Immunology Task Force of the Italian Society of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology (SIAIP)
Published: January 2022

AbstractPrimary atopic disorders (PADs) are monogenic diseases characterized by allergy or atopy‐related symptoms as fundamental features. In patients with PADs, primary immune deficiency and immune dysregulation symptoms are usually coexist. Chronic skin disease, manifesting with erythroderma, severe atopic dermatitis or eczema, and urticaria, is one of the main features observed in PADs, such as hyper‐IgE syndromes, Omenn syndrome, Wiskott‐Aldrich syndrome, IPEX‐linked syndrome, skin barrier disorders, as well as some autoinflammatory diseases. The recognition of PADs in the context of an allergic phenotype is crucial to ensure prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment. This article provides an overview of the main PADs with skin involvement.
IL‐17 serum level in patients with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis disease
Authors: Chimenz Roberto , Tropeano Angelo , Chirico Valeria , Ceravolo Giorgia , Salpietro Carmelo , Cuppari Caterina 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundChronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC) is defined by recurrent or persistent superficial infections involving nails, skin, and/or oral and genital mucosae. IL‐17 promotes the recruitment, chemotaxis, and expansion of neutrophils and acts directly on keratinocytes and epithelial cells, driving the production of antimicrobial peptides, essential for the immune response against Candida.AimTo evaluate the serum level of IL‐17 in a family affected by CMC restricted to the nails of the hands and feet.MethodsSerum IL‐17 was assayed on 16 patients (aged 21 ± 3.1 years) suffering from persistent onychomycosis caused by Candida and 18 healthy controls (aged 19 ± 2.7 years). Comparisons between groups were performed by Student's unpaired t‐test. The level of significance was set at 0.05.ResultsThe mean serum IL‐17 level in patients was 74 ± 1.42 pg/ml, whereas the control group showed a significantly lower level of 25.6 ± 6.7 pg/ml (p < 0.05).ConclusionsWe showed a potential defect in the IL‐17 signaling pathway in a family affected by CMC restricted to the nails of the hands and feet. Further research is needed to clarify the immunological mechanisms and the genetic etiology at the basis of the unusual clinical presentation in this family.
Diagnostic accuracy of Xpert ultra for childhood tuberculosis: A preliminary systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Signorino Claudia , Votto Martina , De Filippo Maria , Marseglia Gian Luigi , Galli Luisa , Chiappini Elena 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDiagnosis of childhood tuberculosis (TB) is challenging. Xpert MTB/RIF and the new version Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra (Ultra) are molecular tests currently used to rapidly identify the infection. We reviewed the literature for the accuracy of Ultra assay in the diagnosis of tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance in children. We conducted a full search in PubMed, Web of Science (WOS), Embase, and Scopus, up to April 2021. A bivariate random‐effects model was used to determine the pooled sensitivity and specificity of Ultra, with a 95% confidence interval (CI), compared with culturing and the composite reference standard (CRS). In the ten included studies (2,427 participants), the pooled Ultra sensitivity and specificity, in diagnosing pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), were 78% (95% CI, 73–82) and 92% (95% CI, 91–94), respectively, against culture. Since a high heterogeneity was found between studies, we created subgroups based on different samples and ages. Ultra‐pooled sensitivity was consistently lower against CRS (95% CI, 35%, 32–38). Compared to Xpert MTB/RIF, Ultra sensitivity tended toward higher values (Ultra: 73%, 67%–78% vs. Xpert MTB/RIF: 66%, 60%–72%), but specificity was lower (Ultra: 95%, 94%–96% vs. Xpert MTB/RIF: 99%, 98%–99%). Ultra has improved the definitive diagnosis of PTB, particularly in subjects with paucibacillary TB, including children. The lower specificity could be due to the fact that culture is an imperfect reference standard. Further studies are needed to evaluate the accuracy of Ultra in the diagnosis of childhood TB.
Novel artful applications of vaccines at the horizon
Authors: Montin Davide , Ottaviano Giorgio , Sangerardi Maria , Sgrulletti Mayla , Chini Loredana , Dellepiane Rosa Maria , Martire Baldassarre , Rizzo Caterina , Moschese Viviana 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSome live vaccines, particularly Bacillus Calmette‐Guérin (BCG), oral polio vaccine (OPV), and measles vaccine, can reduce the incidence of all‐cause mortality by outreaching the mere control of specific infections and exerting off‐target effects. Asides from the prevention of viral infection, some other vaccines, such as those against flu or rotavirus, could reduce the risk of developing autoimmunity. The nonspecific effects of vaccines are mediated by the innate immune system, mainly through the so‐called trained innate immunity. These observations paved the way for developing tolerogenic and trained immunity‐based vaccines with substantial implications for more effective use of vaccines and combat vaccine hesitancy.
FDI and spillovers: New evidence from Malaysia’s manufacturing sector
Authors: Zhang Miao , Yang Rui 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe spillover effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) are often viewed as potential contributors to economic growth and development in developing countries. As a developing country that adopts a proactive stance towards FDI, Malaysia provides a good setting to investigate whether and to what extent FDI‐induced spillovers potentially benefit national firms. Using an unpublished establishment‐level dataset comprising 10,953 manufacturing firms in 2015, this study examined the productivity and spillover effects of foreign manufacturing firms on national firms in Malaysia. While foreign firms exhibited higher productivity than national firms, the results showed that FDI generates high spillovers on national firms among FDI‐concentrated industries, but not on industries with low FDI concentrations. In response to methodological call by Melitz’s new‐new trade theory to include firms’ heterogeneity to understand the economy at macro‐ level, this study contends that the presence and extent of FDI‐induced spillover benefits on national firms depends on industry and firm characteristics. Thus, policy instruments must consider sector‐ and firm‐ specific characteristics to appropriate FDI spillovers as an enabler for national firms to survive, learn, catch up, and eventually compete in the global market.
Accelerometer derived physical activity patterns in 27.890 middle‐aged adults: The SCAPIS cohort study
Authors: Ekblom‐Bak Elin , Börjesson Mats , Bergman Frida , Bergström Göran , Dahlin‐Almevall Albin , Drake Isabel , Engström Gunnar , Engvall Jan E , Gummesson Anders , Hagström Emil , Hjelmgren Ola , Jernberg Tomas , Johansson Peter J , Lind Lars , Mannila Maria , Nyberg André , Persson Margaretha , Reitan Christian , Rosengren Annika , Rådholm Karin , Schmidt Caroline , Sköld Magnus C , Sonestedt Emily , Sundström Johan , Swahn Eva , Öhlin Jerry , Östgren Carl Johan , Ekblom Örjan 
Published: January 2022

The present study aims to describe accelerometer‐assessed physical activity (PA) patterns and fulfillment of PA recommendations in a large sample of middle‐aged men and women, and to study differences between subgroups of socio‐demographic, socio‐economic, and lifestyle‐related variables. A total of 27 890 (92.5% of total participants, 52% women, aged 50–64 years) middle‐aged men and women with at least four days of valid hip‐worn accelerometer data (Actigraph GT3X+, wGT3X+ and wGT3X‐BT) from the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study, SCAPIS, were included. In total, 54.5% of daily wear time was spent sedentary, 39.1% in low, 5.4% in moderate, and only 0.1% in vigorous PA. Male sex, higher education, low financial strain, born in Sweden, and sedentary/light working situation were related to higher sedentary time, but also higher levels of vigorous PA. High BMI and having multiple chronic diseases associated strongly with higher sedentary time and less time in all three PA intensities. All‐year physically active commuters had an overall more active PA pattern. The proportion fulfilling current PA recommendations varied substantially (1.4% to 92.2%) depending on data handling procedures and definition used. Twenty‐eight percent was defined as having an “at‐risk” behavior, which included both high sedentary time and low vigorous PA. In this large population‐based sample, a majority of time was spent sedentary and only a fraction in vigorous PA, with clinically important variations between subgroups. This study provides important reference material and emphasizes the importance of a comprehensive assessment of all aspects of the individual PA pattern in future research and clinical practice.
Using very short answer errors to guide teaching
Authors: Putt Oliver , Westacott Rachel , Sam Amir H. , Gurnell Mark , Brown Celia A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundStudent performance in examinations reflects on both teaching and student learning. Very short answer questions require students to provide a self‐generated response to a question of between one and five words, which removes the cueing effects of single best answer format examinations while still enabling efficient machine marking. The aim of this study was to pilot a method of analysing student errors in an applied knowledge test consisting of very short answer questions, which would enable identification of common areas that could potentially guide future teaching.MethodsWe analysed the incorrect answers given by 1417 students from 20 UK medical schools in a formative very short answer question assessment delivered online.FindingsThe analysis identified four predominant types of error: inability to identify the most important abnormal value, over or unnecessary investigation, lack of specificity of radiology requesting and over‐reliance on trigger words.ConclusionsWe provide evidence that an additional benefit to the very short answer question format examination is that analysis of errors is possible. Further assessment is required to determine if altering teaching based on the error analysis can lead to improvements in student performance.
The mitochondrial LYR protein SDHAF1 is required for succinate dehydrogenase activity in Arabidopsis
Authors: Li Ying , Belt Katharina , Alqahtani Saad F. , Saha Saurabh , Fenske Ricarda , Van Aken Olivier , Whelan James , Millar A. Harvey , Murcha Monika W. , Huang Shaobai 
Published: January 2022

SummarySuccinate dehydrogenase (SDH, complex II), which plays an essential role in mitochondrial respiration and tricarboxylic acid metabolism, requires the assembly of eight nuclear‐encoded subunits and the insertion of various cofactors. Here, we report on the characterization of an Arabidopsis thaliana leucine‐tyrosine‐arginine (LYR) protein family member SDHAF1, (At2g39725) is a factor required for SDH activity. SDHAF1 is located in mitochondria and can fully complement the yeast SDHAF1 deletion strain. Knockdown of SDHAF1 using RNA interference resulted in a decrease in seedling hypocotyl elongation and reduced SDH activity. Proteomic analyses revealed a decreased abundance of various SDH subunits and assembly factors. Protein interaction assays revealed that SDHAF1 can interact exclusively with the Fe‐S cluster‐containing subunit SDH2 and HSCB, a cochaperone involved in Fe‐S cluster complex recruitment. Therefore, we propose that in Arabidopsis, SDHAF1 plays a role in the biogenesis of SDH2 to form the functional complex II, which is essential for mitochondrial respiration and metabolism.
Are capital inflow bonanzas a common precursor to banking crises? A categorical data analysis
Authors: Roy Saktinil , Kemme David M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe empirical literature that relates capital inflow bonanzas to the risk of a banking crisis has, so far, examined the probability of a crisis conditional on a bonanza episode. We argue that estimating the probability of a prior capital inflow bonanza, given the occurrence of a banking crisis, is at least equally important from a policy perspective to limit the exposure to sudden, big surges in capital inflows and reduce the risk of a systemic banking crisis. We consider two global samples, one consisting of 64 countries for 1970–2008 and the other 111 countries for 1980–2008. In both samples, we show that the latter conditional probability is strikingly large, much higher than the former, and even higher if we consider only "systemic" banking crises in developing countries. We also construct 2 × 2 contingency tables, utilise the odds ratio and conduct statistical tests to show that the association between bonanzas and crises is significant and robust across the two samples. The association is much stronger than commonly understood, most notably for systemic crises in developing countries. The findings provide support for stronger policies to limit or dampen unusual surges in international capital flows.
Shear wave elastography of lymph nodes in dogs with head and neck cancer: A pilot study
Authors: Favril Sophie , Stock Emmelie , Broeckx Bart J. G. , Devriendt Nausikaa , de Rooster Hilde , Vanderperren Katrien 
Published: January 2022

AbstractShear wave elastography (SWE) is a novel ultrasound imaging technique, used in human medicine to differentiate metastatic from non‐metastatic lymph nodes (LNs) based on higher tissue stiffness. The objective of this pilot study was to evaluate whether canine metastatic LNs were stiffer compared to non‐metastatic LNs. SWE of sentinel or regional LNs in dogs with head and neck cancer was performed. Ten elastograms of each LN were acquired. In each elastogram, mean, median, and maximum shear wave velocities (SWVs) were calculated in the most elastic region, the stiffest region, and the entire LN. The means of those SWVs for each region of each LN were subsequently calculated. Furthermore, a stepwise subsampling was performed to assess the effect of the number of acquired elastograms on the consistency of the classification of a LN as metastatic or not. Twenty‐four LNs in 15 dogs with head and neck cancer were included, of which 10 LNs were metastatic. Metastatic medial retropharyngeal and mandibular LNs were successfully distinguished from non‐metastatic LNs based on higher mean and median SWVs in the stiffest region and higher maximum SWVs in entire LNs. Furthermore, maximum SWVs in the stiffest region of mandibular LNs were higher in metastatic LNs compared to non‐metastatic LNs. Downstream analyses demonstrated that at least eight elastograms were necessary to perform reliable analyses. This pilot trial demonstrated that SWE has potential to discriminate metastatic from non‐metastatic LNs; however, LN status should be based on at least eight elastograms in future clinical trials.
Efficacy of a quaternary ammonium compound in reducing coagulase‐positive staphylococcal colony counts in veterinary dermatology exam rooms following two cleaning instruction protocols
Authors: Bennie Callum J. M. , Daniels Joshua B. , Rao Sangeeta , Rosychuk Rod A. W. , Schissler Jennifer R. 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundNosocomial meticillin‐resistant (MR) staphylococcal infections are of global concern. Veterinary dermatology exam room surfaces may be a reservoir given the commonness of staphylococcal pyoderma.Hypothesis/ObjectivesFirst, efficacy of exam room surface decontamination using a quaternary ammonium compound was assessed after use of two different cleaning instruction protocols. Second, coagulase‐positive staphylococcal (CoPS) colony counts were assessed after use of rooms by dogs with pyoderma, and then after cleaning and disinfection.Methods and materialsIn Part I, 10 room surfaces were tagged with a discreet fluorescent dye, Glo Germ, to assess the efficacy of surface cleaning between two Virex II 256‐based cleaning protocols. In Part II, CoPS colonies were quantified via 3M Staph Express System. Ten standardised room surfaces were sampled after use by a dog with staphylococcal pyoderma, and immediately after a detailed cleaning and disinfection protocol.ResultsA total of 24 of 100 and 81 of 100 surfaces were completely cleaned by the general and detailed protocols, respectively. The mean number of surfaces adequately cleaned was higher with the detailed protocol (P = 0.003). The detailed protocol reduced CoPS colony counts of eight surfaces (P < 0.01), and not chairs (P = 0.055). No CoPS were isolated from the exam table under a table mat.Conclusions and clinical relevanceDetailed exam room cleaning and disinfection protocols are recommended to minimise contamination of veterinary exam room surfaces with staphylococci. The appropriate disinfection of chairs necessitates further study.
Retrospective evaluation of systemic hypertension in dogs with nonassociative (primary) immune‐mediated hemolytic anemia (December 2016 to April 2019): 26 cases
Authors: Hall Georgina B. F. , Stoye David Q. , Thomas Emily K. , Culshaw Geoff J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo report the prevalence of arterial hypertension in a population of dogs with nonassociative immune‐mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) on presentation and during hospitalization. To determine the relationships of systolic blood pressure (SBP) with mortality and a prognostic indicator, the canine hemolytic anemia objective score.DesignRetrospective observational study (December 2016 to April 2019).SettingUniversity teaching hospital.AnimalsTwenty‐six clinical dogs presenting to the ICU with nonassociative (primary) IMHA and a control group of 23 clinical dogs with idiopathic epilepsy hospitalized in the ICU for seizure treatment or monitoring.InterventionsNone.Measurements and Main ResultsHypertension was defined as SBP ≥ 160 mm Hg and severe hypertension as SBP ≥ 180 mm Hg. Mean SBP was significantly increased in IMHA dogs (161 mm Hg, SD = 21) compared to ICU control dogs (138 mm Hg, SD = 14; P < 0.005). Hypertension was present in 13 of 26 (50.0%) dogs across the period of hospitalization and was severe in three of 26 (11.5%). During at least 1 day of hospitalization, 18 of 26 (69.2%) dogs were hypertensive and eight of 26 (34.6%) were severely hypertensive. Hypertension was not associated with short‐term mortality or canine hemolytic anemia objective score.ConclusionsIn this retrospective study, hypertension was more prevalent in dogs with nonassociative IMHA than a control population of ICU‐hospitalized dogs. An association between autoimmune conditions and hypertension has been previously reported in people but not within a canine population. Hypertension in dogs may have an inflammatory or autoimmune etiology. SBP should be monitored closely in canine IMHA, in case antihypertensive treatment is required.