bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automatic diagnosis of COVID-19 from Chest X-ray images using transfer learning-based deep features and machine learning models
Authors: Kumar Vikas , Gupta Arpit , Hazarika Barenya Bikash , Gupta Deepak 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The novel Coronavirus, declared as a pandemic by WHO, has caused a health crisis and disrupted the daily course of the people globally. The effectiveness of Chest X-ray (CXR) in the differentiation of COVID from non-COVID has exhorted us to propose a diagnostic model based on deep features. This paper proposes a diagnostic framework to diagnose COVID-19 from Chest X-rays (CXR). Further Grad-CAM visualizations are shown to get a visual interpretation for the predicted images. We validated the performance of the proposed diagnostic model using the area under the curve (AUC), accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score and geometric mean (G-mean). Few popular machine learning models such as random forest, dense neural network, support vector machine (SVM), twin SVM (TWSVM), extreme learning machine (ELM), random vector functional link (RVFL) and kernel ridge regression (KRR) have been selected for diagnosing the COVID cases. The deep features are extracted by transfer learning. Grad-CAM visualizations are presented for the predicted images. We have achieved the best AUC score of 0.98 on TWSVM classifier on the feature vector extracted by ResNet50 architecture. The feature vector extracted from ResNet50 outperforms all other CNN architecture rank wise based on AUC. The experimental outcome indicates the efficiency of the proposed diagnostic framework.
Single-Cell RNA-Seq Dissects the Heterogeneity of Human Microglial Related to Alzheimer’s Disease Based on Gene Regulatory Networks
Authors: Wei Haidong , Kong Wei , Wang Shuaiqun 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Microglia, well recognized as immune effector cells inherent in the central nervous system, plays a fatal role in brain development and neurodegenerative diseases; however, the extent of human microglia heterogeneity and complex molecular functions are still poorly understood. Currently, most approaches to cell heterogeneity determine the function of cell subsets solely through high/low gene expression levels, indirectly ignoring the linkages between genes. Here, from the point of view of inter-gene association, we separately constructed gene regulatory networks of each microglia subtype based on single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and then identified significant genes in each network using tools from graph theory. Surprisingly, disease enrichment analysis of these genes revealed that two microglia subsets were closely related to Alzheimer's disease (AD), in which one subset was ulteriorly discovered involved in the antibiotic synthesis, and the other associated with Aβ plaque phagocytosis not only promoted inflammatory responses by NF-kappa B signaling pathway but also participated in tau protein binding and beta-amyloid binding, suggesting that this microglia subtype might act as tau protein phagocytosis as well. In a word, the approach that gene regulatory network combined with graph theory to identify the function of microglia subtypes makes up for the deficiency of differential expression and provides new insight into the cell type therapies related to AD.
Attosecond stable dispersion-free delay line for easy ultrafast metrology
Authors: Tyagi Akansha , Sidhu Mehra S. , Mandal Ankur , Kapoor Sanjay , Dahiya Sunil , Rost Jan M. , Pfeifer Thomas , Singh Kamal P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We demonstrate a dispersion-free wavefront splitting attosecond resolved interferometric delay line for easy ultrafast metrology of broadband femtosecond pulses. Using a pair of knife-edge prisms, we symmetrically split and later recombine the two wavefronts with a few tens of attosecond resolution and stability and employ a single-pixel analysis of interference fringes with good contrast using a phone camera without any iris or nonlinear detector. Our all-reflective delay line is theoretically analyzed and experimentally validated by measuring 1 st and 2 nd order autocorrelations and the SHG-FROG trace of a NIR femtosecond pulse. Our setup is compact, offers attosecond stability with flexibility for independent beam-shaping of the two arms. Furthermore, we suggest that our compact and in-line setup can be employed for attosecond resolved pump-probe experiments of matter with few-cycle pulses.
Double Exponential Density of States and Modified Charge Carrier Transport in Organic Semiconductors
Authors: Sharma Bhupendra Kumar , Teja K B R , Divij Kumar 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This paper discusses an approach to use an approximated charge carrier density for organic thin-film transistor (OTFT) using a double exponential density of states. Traditionally the literature has been published using a single exponential density of states and Gaussian density of states but this paper deals with using a double exponential density of states in the Fermi Integral to evaluate the charge carrier density for the OTFT. There are two exponential density of states related to the Tail region and Deep region and various parameters associated with it. The distribution of localized trap states between the highest and lowest orbital is expressed as a density of states. There are two states deep states and tail states. Tail states are better described by the Gaussian function, while Deep states are better described by the Exponential density of states. So, if we require that the two regions be defined by a single function then the function should be a sum of the two, the exponential and the Gaussian to accurately describe the complete region. The double exponential density of states is considered to evaluate and approximate the Fermi Integral using various Mathematical Methods, so that the error is lower for various parameters.
The Effects Of Rf4 And The Genetic Mechanism Behind Fertility Restoration Of Wild Abortive Cytoplasmic Male Sterility (WA-CMS) In Japonica Rice (Oryza Sativa Ssp. Japonica)
Authors: Zhang Honggen , Li Xixu , Xu Zuopeng , Zhao Xiangqiang , Wan Zihao , Cheng Xiaojun , Liu Qiaoquan , Gu Minghong , Tang Shuzhu 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Wild abortive-type cytoplasmic male sterility (WA-type CMS) has been exclusively used in hybrid seed production in indica rice cultivars, and fertility restoration in WA-type CMS is controlled by two major restorer genes, Rf3 and Rf4, through a sporophytic mechanism. However, the genetic mechanism underlying fertility restoration in WA-type CMS in japonica cultivars is poorly understood. In the present study, C418, a leading Chinsurah Boro II- (BT)-type japonica restorer line, showed partial restoration ability in WA-type japonica CMS lines. The 1:1 segregation ratio of partially fertile to sterile plants in a three-cross F1 population indicated that fertility restoration is controlled by one dominant gene. Gene mapping and sequencing results revealed that the target gene should be Rf4. The Rf4 gene restores fertility through a sporophytic mechanism, but the Rf4 pollen grains show a preferential fertilization in the testcross F1 plants. Furthermore, Rf4 was confirmed to have only a minor effect on fertility restoration in WA-type japonica CMS lines, and Rf gene dosage effects influenced the fertility restoration of WA-type CMS in japonica rice. The results of our study not only provide valuable insights into the complex genetic mechanisms underlying fertility restoration of WA-type CMS but will also facilitate the efficient utilization of WA-type CMS in japonica rice lines.
Efficient Knockout and Functional Analysis of BSSS-Related Genes by Episomal Expression Vector Containing Cas9 and AMA1 in Acremonium Chrysogenum
Authors: Chu Ju , LIU LING , Chen Zhen , Tian Xiwei 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objective
The sorB gene related to sorbicillinoid production was used as the target, and the free expression element AMA1 was used to verify the availability of using this element in Acremonium chrysogenum.
Result
The point mutation of the sorB gene was successfully achieved in the Cripsr-Cas9 episomal expression system. In addition, the addition of sorB donor DNA in this system could achieve efficient, markless, and complete knockout of genes. Using this gene-editing platform, four BSSS-related genes Δaxl1, Δaxl2, Δbud3, and Δbud4 were knocked out completely, and it was found that the yield, dry weight, and pH of the knockout strains did not change significantly. Further, the stress tolerance of the knockout strains was determined, and the relationship between morphology and stress tolerance was preliminarily analyzed.
Conclusion
The gene-editing efficiency exceeded 80% and the developmental process of arthrospores differed from the starting strain.
Titanium Dioxide Structure Modified With Silver Chloride By 3D Printing For Dye Degradation And Bactericidal Applications
Authors: Lee Po-Ching , Yang Zheng-Rong , Kuo Chun-Yu , Shin Chung-Hao , Lin Ching-Bin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
An advanced three-dimensional printing process for producing the Ag/AgCl/TiO2-coupled photocatalyst was developed and tested for its stability and degradability in relation to azo dye (Orange II) and bacteria (Escherichia coli). The TiO2 structure is produced through fused filament fabrication (FFF) with filaments of thermoplastic material, which is composed of TiO2 anatase nanoparticles, high density polyethylene (HDPE), stearic acid, wax, and plasticizer. The TiO2 structure is then solvent degreased, thermal degreased, and sintered to become a fundamental structure to couple the AgCl particles through an ion exchange process. Following the photoreduction of UV radiation, a Ag/AgCl/TiO2-coupled photocatalyst is formed. In our experiments, this photocatalyst effectively degraded Orange II dye and sterilized E. coli. The degradation of Orange II dye and E. coli was performed under visible and ultraviolet light irradiation. The degradation kinetics of Orange II dye was a first-order reaction, with the degradability (94%) persisting for five cycles. The sterilization of E. coli was accomplished within 120 min, and the degradation kinetics were characteristic of a hyperbolic reaction. The photocatalytic module fabricated through FFF not only exhibited the ability to degrade contaminants in water but also exhibited durability and reliability after repeated use.
Directed synthesis of a novel decamolybdate-encapsulated nanocage framework by mixed-ligands for light-driven hydrogen generation
Authors: Zhang Chunjing , Ma Shuang , Cui Guannan , Dong Liming , Sui Fengyang , Liu Xiao , Pang Haijun 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A new compound [CuICuII2(bpy)(pzta)2][HMo10O34] {CuICuII2-Mo10, pzta = 3-(pyrid-4-yl) pyrazole and bpy = 4,4’-bipyridine} was obtained by a hydrothermal reaction method and characterized by various tests including XPS, IR, UV, PXRD, luminescent spectroscopy and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The CuICuII2-Mo10 shows an unusual decamolybdate-encapsulated nanocage framework structure. Beside the novel structure, the CuICuII2-Mo10 was father used for photocatalytic hydrogen generation and it possesses an improved catalytic H2 productivity compared with its parent POM (NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O (Mo7) under identical experimental conditions. Namely, the CuICuII2-Mo10 can reach 99.5 µmol− 1 g− 1 h− 1, which is obviously higher than 42.35 µmol g− 1 h− 1 of Mo7.
Increased Social Power Among Community-Based Skilled Birth Attendants: An Evaluation of a Frontline Health Workers Intervention
Authors: Curry Dora , Sarker Bidhan , Laterra Anne , Islam Ahsansul , Khandaker Ikhtiar , Khan Mahmud 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: This paper assesses the effects of the Skilled Health Entrepreneur (SHE) program in Sylhet District, Bangladesh. The SHE program prepared community-based skilled birth attendants (SBAs) known as SHEs. The SHEs offered safe home-based delivery and the program incorporated activities deliberately designed to increase the power of the SHE in their social context. That project design assumed that increased independence and agency could make the SHEs more effective in serving their clients and support positive norms change about women's role in the community. This analysis will examine whether the SHE program increased the social power of the community women who became SBAs. Methods: 252 SHEs completed quantitative questionnaires covering their socio-demographic characteristics, professional activities, income, and decision-making in the home. The program administered the questionnaires shortly after induction into the program and at the conclusion of the program. The data represent short panel data with observations of 252 individuals at two points in time. This analysis uses a fixed-effects panel analysis of change from beginning to end of the program.Results: SHEs earned 7659.78 takas (or roughly 90 USD) more per month at the endline than at the baseline, in the context of an average annual household income in Bangladesh of approximately 600 USD. (CECI, 2016) The SHEs' professional engagement increased from an average of 10.41 presentations given per reporting period to one of 16.10. The proportion of SHEs making decisions independently increased on three out of three decision-making items: seeking healthcare for herself, seeking healthcare for her children and use of contraception. The endline combined social power score was 8.65, compared to a baseline of 6.18. All results were statistically significant.Conclusions: The design of this intervention meaningfully increased agency, income, and professional engagement among the SHEs. These changes occurred in the context of a project that also successfully improved maternal health outcomes. Such models can improve health outcomes while shifting gendered power dynamics by investing this cadre of resident women with increased agency, recognition, and wealth.
The Hospitalist-led Model of Oncology Inpatients in an Academic Health System: Perspectives of Hospitalists and Oncologists.
Authors: Clarke Tanya Roxanne , Zuilen  
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the perspectives of Hospitalists and Oncologists on Hospitalist-led inpatient oncology care. Methodology:We developed two related surveys, one for Oncologists and one for Hospitalists. These surveys focused on perspectives, communication, and coordination of care. All Hospitalists and Oncologists in our academic health system were invited to participate in this study. Results:A joint total of fifty-two hospitalists and oncologists completed the survey. Oncologists and hospitalists generally agreed that solid tumor patients should be admitted to an oncologist-led service and that the oncologist should lead the discussion of cancer-related concerns, although there appeared to be a misalignment with what happens in practice. Hospitalists indicated that most of the solid tumor patients admitted to their service were “end-of-life" and should have been in palliative/hospice care, while most oncologists reported that they only “occasionally” transitioned these patients to hospice in the in-patient setting. Overall, only 37% of hospitalists rated their overall experience of taking care of solid tumor patients as positive. Ratings indicated they wanted more input from the oncologists. Discussion: The hospitalist-led model for managing solid tumor inpatients has been adapted in many cancer institutions across the United States. This study revealed that there is room for improved coordination of care and communication between hospitalists and oncologists, especially with end-of-life care. It would be very insightful to have both oncologist and hospitalist-led services and compare metrics for length of stay, mortality, readmission rates, transition to hospice care and physician and patient satisfaction.
Identification of subgroups of bladder cancer based on immune gene signature
Authors: Yuan Chen , Ren Xiao , Nie Zhaoxia , Li Long , Peng Dunmang , Zhang Zhiguo 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Immunotherapy has become a new frontier in bladder cancer (BC) treatment. In this study, we utilized bioinformatic tools to identify an immune signature for BC. RNA-seq data of BC samples was downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, and GSE31684, GSE32894 and GSE77952 chip expression data were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The immune related genes (IRGs) dataset was extracted from the ImmPort database. Unsupervised clustering method was used to determine genes with significant association with the prognosis of BC. Macrophages were enriched in C1/C2 subtypes whereas infiltration of B cells ware prominent in C3 subtype. The frequency of FGFR3 mutation was high in C3 subtypes whereas RB1 mutations were high in C1/C2 subtypes. The immune modules gSig1and gSig2 were associated with poor prognosis. gSig3 was associated with good prognosis. gSig1 was associated with activation and degranulation of neutrophils. On the other hand, gSig2 was associated with steroid hormone mediated signaling pathway whereas gSig3 was associated with secretion of extracellular matrix and muscle cell proliferation. gSig1 and gSig2 were positively correlated with expression of immune checkpoint genes (ICGs) in two different cohorts, whereas gSig3 scores was negatively correlated with expression of ICGs. Expression profile of immune-related genes could subclassify BC into three molecular subtypes with distinct histological characteristics, genetic and transcriptional changes. Our study have provided a novel insight into the immune-related state of BC and shed light on the prognostication of BC patient, all of them are of potential clinical implications.
Prevalence, Correlates and Treatment Needs of Dental Caries Among People on Antiretroviral Therapy in Uganda: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Arubaku Wilfred , Kwizera Godfrey , Tusubira Deusdedit , Kanyesigye Michael , Chamut Steffany , Seymour Brittany Anne , Siedner Mark J. , Niyonzima Vallence , Najjuma Josephine N. , Maling Samuel 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background:Oral diseases are estimated to affect half of people living with HIV in the global north, and are often marked by pain, discomfort, disfigurement and reduced quality of life. Both HIV-specific and antiretroviral therapy-associated oral diseases have been found in this population. However, the association between antiretroviral therapy use and dental caries has not been well described in rural Africa where majority of people living with HIV reside, and where health behaviors and access to dental care vary significantly from the global north. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among PWH attending a high volume HIV clinic with an enrollment of 10,000 patients in a regional referral hospital in Southwestern Uganda. The clinic is located in an urban setting with a large rural catchment area. Oral health data was collected using the modified World Health Organization oral health questionnaire for adults. Dental examinations were conducted to identify and classify dental caries using the decayed, missing, filled, teeth (DMFT) index and compute the treatment need. Logistic regression models were employed to identify correlate of dental caries. Results: A total of 194 participants were included in the study. The majority were females (124/194, 63.9%) with a median age of 42 years (IQR 36-49). The prevalence of dental caries experience among individuals on ART was 67%, (130/194), 95% CI (60-75%). The mean DMFT index score was 4 (IQR 2-6) and treatment need was 96%. A higher CD4 count was associated with the presence of dental caries (OR 0.403, 95% CI (0.175-0.932) although it was not significant at multivariate analysis. ConclusionThere is a high prevalence of dental caries among PWH on ART in Uganda. Our data demonstrate a high oral treatment need among the participants. We recommend inclusion of preventive and therapeutic oral care into HIV care in this region.
Derivation of optical solitons of dimensionless Fokas-Lenells equation with perturbation term using Sardar sub-equation method
Authors: Cinar Melih , Secer Aydin , Ozisik Muslum , Bayram Mustafa 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This paper presents investigation of soliton solutions for the perturbed Fokas-Lenells (pFL) equation, has a vital role in optics, using Sardar sub-equation method. The equation models the propagation in ultrashort light pulses in optical fibers. Using appropriate wave transformation, the pFL equation is reduced to a nonlinear ordinary differential equation (NLODE). The solutions of this NLODE equation are assumed to be in the suggested form by the Sardar sub-equation method. Hence, an algebraic equation system is obtained by substituting the trial solutions and their necessary derivatives into the NLODE. After finding the unknowns in the system, the soliton solutions of the perturbed Fokas-Lenells equation are extracted. The method produces various kinds of solitons such as the dark, singular and periodic. To show physical representations of the solitons, 2D, 3D and contour plots of the solutions are demonstrated via computer algebraic systems. It is expected that derived solutions may be useful for future works in various fields of science, especially optics and so, it may contribute to optic fiber industry.
Potential Risk Factors for the Presence of Anti-Toxoplasma Gondii Antibodies in Finishing Pigs on Conventional Farms in the Netherlands
Authors: Eppink Dorien M. , Bouwknegt Martijn , Giessen Joke W.B. van der , Swanenburg Manon , Oorburg Derk , Urlings Bert A.P. , Wagenberg Coen P.A. van , Asseldonk Marcel A.P.M. van , Wisselink Henk J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
The parasite Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is recognized worldwide as a pathogen causing a substantial human disease burden. Ingesting improperly cooked meat containing T. gondii is considered one of the major sources of human infection in Europe and North America. Consequently, control of T. gondii infections in pigs is warranted. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) advised to perform serological testing of pigs and farm audits for the presence of risk factors. Serological monitoring was implemented in several Dutch slaughterhouses. Blood samples from all deliveries of finishing pigs to the slaughterhouses were tested for the presence of anti-T. gondii antibodies. Using these test results, a case-control study was initiated to assess the association between the within-herd T. gondii seroprevalence and the presence of risk factors for T. gondii infections in 69 conventional finishing pig herds in the Netherlands.
Results
In a multivariable model twelve potential risk factors were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) associated with the level of seropositive T. gondii blood serum samples.
Conclusions
Serological screening of finishing pigs in the slaughterhouse for T. gondii can be used to identify presence of T. gondii risk factors on Dutch conventional finishing pig farms. The use of serological screening seems therefore a valuable tool to guide and monitor the control of T. gondii in pork production.