bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial–temporal dynamics and determinants of creative class concentration—A study on urban agglomerations in China
Authors: Cui Dan , Hei Ye , Nijkamp Peter , Wu Dianting , Li Guoping , Lv Shuang , Liu Honghong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe knowledge spillover effects and the uneven spatial distribution of the creative class have attracted much attention from academia and politicians. Our study provides a comparative quantitative analysis of the spatial–temporal evolution and determinants of creative class concentration in three Chinese agglomerations: Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei, the Yangtze River Delta, and the Pearl River Delta, based on the panel data of 2011, 2012, and 2016 at the city level. It is found that the concentration of the creative class in the three above‐mentioned urban agglomerations in China has clear place‐specific differences. Results from the 2SLS regressions show that social tolerance is significantly and positively correlated with the creative class, but has no effect on the distribution of human capital in the three urban agglomerations. The level of economic development and also the degree of living convenience appear to be the main factors influencing the relative density of creative class (RDCC), while industry structure, university and Hukou all have positive effects on the RDCC in the three urban agglomerations. Moreover, the relative importance of the determinants varies according to the creative occupations. For major creative occupations, they are more inclined to concentrate in cities with high social tolerance, optimal industrial structure, high Hukou availability and qualified universities. For finance and health care occupations, cities with a comfortable climate are more attractive to them; while for management groups, cities with optimal industrial structure, high Hukou availability and adequate educational services are more attractive to them.
An Analytical Study on the Electrochemical Behavior and Nucleation Mechanism of a Zn‐Ni Alloy in a Choline Chloride‐Urea Deep Eutectic Solvent
Authors: Sun Haijing , Wang He , Yang Shuai , Xaikoua Souavang , Zhou Xin , Wang Baojie , Sun Jie 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this work, the electrochemical behavior and reversibility of electrodeposition of Zn−Ni alloys were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) in the Choline chloride Urea (ChCl‐Urea) system. The results show that the electrodeposition of Zn−Ni alloy follows the normal co‐deposition mechanism and is an irreversible process controlled by diffusion. Timing current method (CA) shows that the electrocrystallization mechanism of Zn−Ni alloy follow three‐dimensional instantaneous nucleation, involving several processes: adsorption process (jads), diffusion‐controlled three‐dimensional nucleation/growth process (j3D‐DC), and water reduction process(jWR). The charge of each process was calculated: Qads, Q3D‐DC, and QWR, and it was found that changing potential could control the charge contribution rate. According to the kinetic parameters, the number density N0 (cm−2) and nucleation rate A (S−1) were obtained. According to the best fitting results, Zn−Ni alloy coating was obtained. The microstructure and phase composition of the coating were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD).
(p‐Chlorophenyl)‐3(2H)pyridazinone Derivatives: Synthesis, in Silico, and AChE/BChE Inhibitory Activity
Authors: BozbeyMerde İrem , Önel Gülce Taşkor , Türkmenoğlu Burçin , Gürsoy Şule , Dilek Esra 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA series of novel (p‐chlorophenyl)‐3(2H)pyridazinone compounds were synthesized starting from p‐chloroacetophenone as AChE/BChE inhibitors. The chemical structures of all the compounds were identified by spectral analysis. Cholinesterase inhibition activity studies and in silico studies of compounds designed to eliminate the symptomatic effects of Alzheimer's disease and slow down neurodegeneration were evaluated. According to the results obtained, it was revealed that N‐substituted‐(p‐ chlorophenyl)pyridazin‐3(2H)‐one derivatives inhibited enzymes significantly. Ki values were found for acetylcholinesterase in the range of 10.2±4.0–20.9±7.6 nM and for butyrylcholinesterase in the range of 0.70±0.34–1.67±1.12 nM. Compound 5e showed the best effect on AChE activity compared to Tacrine. Also, compound 5b showed the best effect in BChE inhibition. The interactions of the synthesized compounds with the best experimental activities against AChE, BChE, respectively, were investigated by in silico approaches. In molecular docking, 5b compound with AChE crystal structure (PDB ID:1ACJ), binding site and binding parameters of 5e compound with BChE crystal structure were investigated in detail. The results indicated that compound 5b and 5e could be a promising lead compound for further development as a therapeutic agent for Alzheimer's disease.
Aggregation Effect on Phthalocyanine Photocatalytic Degradation Efficiency Using Orange G and Methyl Orange as Test‐pollutant Compounds in Aqueous Medium
Authors: Yılmaz Yusuf , Özdemir Mecit , Sanusi Kayode , Fatomi Nafisat O. , Khoza Phindile B. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe effect of aggregation on the photocatalytic behavior of two different water‐soluble phthalocyanines (Pcs) bearing four carboxylic‐acid‐functionalized thiophenyl groups, tetrathiophenycarboxyphthalocyanine (H2TCPc) and tetrathiophenycarboxyphthalocyaninato Zn(II) complex (ZnTCPc) have been investigated. The two compounds, H2TCPc and ZnTCPc, showed considerable solubility in water at pH ≈ 7.4, but were found to aggregate even at a concentration as low as 2.5×10−5 M. Two organic dyes, orange G (OG) and methyl orange (MO), were employed as test‐pollutants which were photodegraded in the presence of the Pcs, with and without Triton X‐100 (TX) surfactant. H2TCPc in the absence and presence of TX showed degradation efficiency (DE) of 5.80 and 8.70 % respectively, for OG degradation. For the same OG degradation, ZnTCPc as photocatalyst gave DE of 6.41 and 28.0 % in the absence and presence of TX, respectively. Whereas for the degradation of MO, H2TCPc DE values were respectively found to be 11.0 and 39.0 % in the absence and presence of TX, while ZnTCPc gave 13.3 and 66.0 %, respectively. The ZnTCPc showed considerable low aggregation compared to H2TCPc in the presence of TX, thus resulting in higher DE compared to that of the latter by a factor of 3.2 and 1.7 for OG and MO degradation, respectively. The singlet oxygen quantum yields (Φ▵) obtained for the two Pcs support the observed DE values, and were measured to be 0.50 (50 %) and 0.12 (12 %) for the ZnTCPc and H2TCPc, respectively. The DFT/TDDFT calculated triplet yields for ZnTCPc (0.79) and H2TCPc (0.020), showed linear correlation with their experimental Φ▵ yields.
Carbon Coated Metal‐Based Composite Electrode Materials for Lithium Sulfur Batteries: A Review
Authors: Cheng Riguang , Xian Xinyi , Manasa Pantrangi , Liu Jiaxi , Xia Yongpeng , Guan Yanxun , Wei Sheng , Li Zengyi , Li Bin , Xu Fen , Sun Lixian 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLithium‐sulfur battery is one of the most promising secondary battery systems due to their high energy density and low material cost. During the past decade, great progress has been achieved in promoting the performances of Li−S batteries by addressing the challenges at the laboratory‐level model systems. With growing attention paid to the application of Li−S batteries, new challenges at practical cell scales emerge as the bottleneck. However, challenges remain for the commercialization of lithium‐sulfur batteries. The current review mainly focused on metal‐based catalysts decorated‐carbon materials for enhanced lithium sulfur battery performance. Firstly, the synthesis methods of various carbon‐sulfur composites are discussed, as well as the influence of different material structures on the electrochemical performance. Secondly, a variety of catalysts, including metal atoms, metal oxides, sulfides, phosphides, nitrides, and carbide‐decorated carbon nanomaterials, are systematically introduced to determine how lithium can be enhanced by suppressing polysulfides and promoting redox conversion reactions. Also, analyzed the multi‐step electrochemical reaction mechanism of the battery during the charging and discharging process, and provide a feasible path for the practical application of high energy density lithium‐sulfur batteries.
Use of a combination of phosphorous‐containing epoxy resin and silica fillers for development of flame retardant thermoset polymer composites
Authors: Shree Vibha , Sen Akhil Kumar , Basu Sayantani , Ratna Debdatta 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we report a method of preparation of ambient temperature curable phosphorous containing epoxy resin‐based composites and their flame retardant behavior. The phosphorous containing resin, prepared by reacting the epoxy resin with 9,10‐Dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide (DOPO), shows higher limiting oxygen index (LOI) in the cured state compared to the pure epoxy network. The LOI value is further enhanced due to the incorporation of phosphorous‐containing silica, although the same remains unchanged when pure silica is added. The composites made with phosphorous‐containing resin and pure silica exhibits UL‐94 V‐1 class rating whereas the same made with phosphorous‐containing silica offers V‐0 rating under UL‐94 classification. This observation clearly indicates that the performance is enhanced when phosphorous in incorporated in the resin as well as in the inorganic reinforcing filler.
Use of bupivacaine‐infused absorbable gelatin haemostatic sponge following eye enucleation in a corn snake
Authors: Gomez‐Martinez Maria Isabel , Kumaratunga Vim , Khenissi Latifa 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA 9‐year‐old, male, 0.69 kg, corn snake was referred for enucleation of its right eye. Pre‐anaesthetic medication consisted of butorphanol (1 mg/kg) and alfaxalone (10 mg/kg) intramuscularly. Orotracheal intubation was then performed. General anaesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane in 100% oxygen. During the general anaesthesia, the snake was manually ventilated. At the end of the surgery, the orbit was packed with a haemostatic sponge soaked in 0.75 mg/kg of 0.5% bupivacaine. Meloxicam (0.4 mg/kg) was administered subcutaneously as a part of the multimodal analgesic protocol. Total anaesthetic time was 90 minutes. Following 2 minutes of sevoflurane discontinuation, the snake started moving and the trachea was extubated. The snake displayed normal behaviour, although a short period of hypothermia was suspected in recovery. No other complications were encountered. The snake was discharged 4 hours after the end of surgery; meloxicam (0.2 mg/kg) was prescribed once daily, orally, for 14 days.
Autobiographical memory in dementia syndromes—An integrative review
Authors: Irish Muireann 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAutobiographical memory represents a defining feature of human cognition, enabling us to vividly re‐experience salient events from the personal past. By mentally traversing different temporal contexts, humans can maintain an enduring sense of who we are as individuals, as well as envisaging our future goals and behaviors. The relative ease with which we engage in these endeavors, however, belies the remarkable complexity of the autobiographical memory system. Dementia syndromes offer compelling insights into the cognitive neuroarchitecture of autobiographical memory in the face of progressive neural insult to large‐scale brain networks. Importantly, the atrophy profiles of many neurodegenerative disorders follow coordinated and predictable trajectories, affecting key regions implicated in episodic and semantic memory. A wealth of evidence suggests that autobiographical memory disruption is a transdiagnostic feature of dementia, yet this impairment takes many forms and arises due to differential neurocognitive disturbances. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the literature on autobiographical memory in typical and atypical presentations of Alzheimer's disease, as well as younger‐onset dementia syndromes such as frontotemporal dementia and primary progressive aphasia. I will demonstrate how the systematic study of autobiographical memory across dementia syndromes can constrain and inform our fundamental understanding of memory function and, in turn, stimulate new directions in how we conceptualize and assess these cognitive capacities. Consideration will further be given to clinical implications of autobiographical memory dysfunction with a view to developing targeted interventions to better support the person living with dementia.This article is categorized under:
Psychology > Memory
Neuroscience > Clinical Neuroscience
Psychology > Brain Function and Dysfunction
Static and time‐resolved resonant inelastic X‐ray scattering: Recent results and future prospects
Authors: Monney Claude , Patthey Luc , Razzoli Elia , Schmitt Thorsten 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn the last 20 years, the technique of resonant inelastic X‐ray scattering (RIXS) has been progressing at a high pace thanks to the concomitant development of instrumentation, synchrotron technology, and the theoretical description of the related fundamental process. In this article, we describe some recent aspects related to the fast progress of the RIXS technique and dedicate this article to the memory of Prof. Jean‐Claude Dousse, from the University of Fribourg (Switzerland). We conclude this article by describing early experiments using time‐resolved RIXS at X‐ray free electron lasers and give perspectives on high‐resolution and spatially‐resolved RIXS.
Nordic Public Information: An Epistemic Community of Experiences and Ideas in the 1970s
Authors: Norén Fredrik 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis chapter studies the exchanges of ideas and experiences related to public information within the Nordic region and beyond. As an empirical case, the analytical focus centres on the Swedish Board of Public Information (Nämnden för samhällsinformation, 1971–1981) and traces the various contacts—through seminars, study visits, conferences, and so on—that the agency initiated and was part of during the 1970s. By examining the archival material through the concepts of epistemic community and circulation of knowledge, the analysis shows how issues of public information attracted various actors—which represented different social sectors (bureaucracy, advertising industry, academia, etc.) and different interests—that met across national borders in attempts to address challenges of communicating societal important information to citizens.
Contested Pictures of Persuasion: American Images of Foetuses in Swedish Antiabortion Campaigns of the 1970s and 1980s
Authors: Björklund Elisabet 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis chapter explores the circulation, use and public discussion of images of human foetuses travelling from the US to Sweden in the period before and after the introduction of abortion on demand in Sweden in 1975. In this period, new antiabortion groups formed and started to use graphic images of aborted foetuses in their campaigns. This chapter highlights the transnational and transmedial character of this material by demonstrating that many of the images originated from American sources and that many different media were used to spread them, for example, books, brochures, films and slides. Furthermore, this chapter analyses the public discussion about this material, focusing on the uses of words such as “truth”, “information” and “propaganda” in the debates.
A Rain of Propaganda: The Media Production of the Office of War Information in Stockholm, 1942–1945
Authors: Stjernholm Emil 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis chapter examines the media production of the US Office of War Information (OWI) in Stockholm, 1942–1945. While previous research has focused on the organization of OWI and the American view on war propaganda in Scandinavia, little emphasis has been placed on the actual production and circulation of American propaganda in Sweden during World War II. Drawing on previously neglected archival material from the Civilian Security Service’s (Allmänna Säkerhetstjänsten) counter-espionage on American propaganda activities in Sweden, this chapter maps the material conditions for US propaganda and the circulation of OWI-supported media (e.g. books, magazines, films, radio and news stories) in Sweden as well as the Nordic countries in general.
Andrological Emergencies
Authors: Palumbo Fabrizio , Sebastiani Francesco , Crocerossa Fabio , Mondaini Nicola 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroduction: Andrological emergencies include a wide array of acute genital injuries which require immediate care from the specialist. Missing or delaying treatment often results in permanent loss of function or, in some cases, loss of the affected organ itself.Evidence acquisition: A comprehensive bibliographic search of PubMed database with up-to-date existing reviews and case reports was performed.Objective: This chapter aims to review major andrological emergencies with peculiar attention to clinical presentation and practical management in order to provide the specialist with reliable information to keep in mind when confronting these challenging occurrences.
Male Reproduction: From Pathophysiology to Clinical Assessment
Authors: Grande Giuseppe , Foresta Carlo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMale infertility may depend by pre-testicular (for example, hypothalamic or pituitary diseases), testicular, and post-testicular (for example, obstructive pathologies of seminal ducts) causes. However, a large proportion (30–60%) of infertile males does not receive a clear diagnosis. In these cases, generally reported as idiopathic infertility, there is a strong suspicion of genetic factors yet to be discovered. Furthermore, male fertility may be influenced by a host of lifestyle risk factors such as environment, nutrition, exposure to infections, and smoking. Therefore, lifestyle and environment risk factors may have a role in many cases of idiopathic male infertility.In this chapter, we focus our attention on these risk factors, discussing three paradigmatic situations of interference between environment/lifestyle and male fertility, thus providing the pathophysiological basis of their detrimental impact on male fertility: exposure to environmental endocrine disruptors, such as perfluoro-alkyl substances (PFAS); exposure to viruses, such as HPV; effect of nutritional status and obesity.
Therapy in Secretory and Obstructive Azoospermia
Authors: Franco Giorgio , Franco Antonio , Proietti Flavia 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAzoospermia is defined as the absence of sperm in the ejaculate. All etiologies can be categorized in secretory and obstructive azoospermia. Some conditions of obstructive azoospermia are suitable of surgical recanalization to restore natural fertility. Conversely, in cases of nonobstructive etiologies, untreatable obstructive azoospermia, and when female factor is present, sperm retrieval techniques for intracytoplasmatic sperm injection (ICSI) represent the only therapeutic option to reach paternity. The role of the clinical andrologist is to offer to the couple the best treatment option: medical or surgical treatment or sperm retrieval for ICSI.
The Transgender: Legal Path to Surgery
Authors: Costantino Domenico 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe right to gender identity starts from the need to recognize to individuals a right to self-determination that is considered, in the private and family field, absolute and insusceptible of conditions and limits to its exercise, in the sense that it pertains to that field of freedom that the legal system must protect from aggression, and that it itself cannot attack. Law no. 164 of 14 April 1982 lays down rules on the rectification of the attribution of sex, for a complete regulation of the procedural aspects of the relevant procedure. According to Court of Cassation 20 July 2015 no. 15138, the desire to realize a coincidence between soma and psyche is the result of an elaboration of one’s gender identity, realized with the support of necessary medical and psychological treatments and the path of adaptation is a process of self-determination. In light of constitutional jurisprudence, the rectification of the personal data of the attribution of sex is possible, only on the medico-legal confirmation of the so-called gender dysphoria, even, that is, in the absence of a preventive surgical intervention to adapt the primary sexual characteristics to the “psychic sex.” It is left to the free and unquestionable will of the individual, the decision whether or not to precede the request for rectification of the registry from the submission to the surgical reassignment of the sex.
Sexual Pain Disorders, Vestibulodynia, and Recurrent Cystitis: The Evil Trio
Authors: Graziottin Alessandra , Maseroli Elisa 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSexual pain/penetration disorders are often comorbid with recurrent/post-coital cystitis and spontaneous or provoked vestibulodynia or vulvar pain. The figures vary from 34.7–60%, UropathogenicEscherichia coli(UPEC) is responsible for 85–90% of recurrent cystitis cases. Antibiotic treatment is becoming ineffective in the long term. To maximize therapeutic outcomes, a different strategy is worth considering. Common pathophysiological denominators of the three clusters of symptoms present in a patient should be identified. These include (1) predisposing factors: endocellular pathogenic biofilm of the uropathogenicEscherichia coli(UPEC), hyperactive pelvic floor, bowel problems, including irritable bowel syndrome and constipation, intestinal and vaginal dysbiosis, diabetes/familiarity with diabetes, and loss of sexual hormones after menopause; (2) precipitating factors: intercourse, constipation, and cold; and (3) maintaining factors: diagnostic omissions and minimalistic treatment approach. A targeted multimodal therapeutic strategy should then be based on accurate diagnosis. A comprehensive and skilled approach can optimize anticipation of comorbidities and offer better clinical outcomes for women, where sexual pain/penetration disorders, comorbid recurrent and/or post-coital cystitis, and vestibulodynia/vulvar pain are addressed synergistically, the sooner the better.
Erectile Dysfunction: From Pathophysiology to Clinical Assessment
Authors: Mirone Vincenzo , Fusco Ferdinando , Cirillo Luigi , Napolitano Luigi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractErection is the final event of a complex phenomenon which involves psychological, neuronal, hormonal, vascular, and muscular systems. Nitric oxide (NO) is the most important molecule involved in many aspects of your health in vasodilation pathway. Erectile dysfunction (ED) is defined as the persistent inability to attain and/or maintain penile erection sufficient to permit satisfactory sexual performance with an high incidence worldwide and important impact on the quality of life.
Erectile Dysfunction: Medical Therapy and Rehabilitation
Authors: Palmieri Alessandro , Capece Marco , di Giovanni Angelo , D’Alterio Carlo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMedical treatment for erectile dysfunction (ED) has dramatically evolved in the last decades. However, to set realistic expectations with the patient, a correct counselling is fundamental. Every kind of medical treatment must be discussed with the patient regarding risk factors, prognostic factors, treatment alternatives, correct drug use, and adverse reactions [1].
Peyronie’s Disease
Authors: Palumbo Fabrizio , Sebastiani Francesco , Procacci Alessandro , D’Altilia Nicola , Ricapito Anna , Cormio Luigi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPeyronie’s disease (PD), also known as induration penis plastica (IPP), is a clinical condition characterized by the formation of fibrotic plaques onto the tunica albuginea of the penis, which may result into abnormal penile curvature and deformity, erectile dysfunction (ED), and loss of penile length. The combination of these events may result in the impossibility of performing penetrative intercourse [1].