bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thromboembolectomy for acute lower limb ischemia: Contemporary outcomes of two surgical methods from a single tertiary center
Authors: Chahrour Mohamad A , Berri Nabih , Jaafar Rola , Sfeir Roger , Haddad Fady , Hoballah Jamal J 
Published: February 2022

Objectives The current treatment of acute lower limb ischemia (ALLI) includes open surgical and percutaneous pharmaco-mechanical thromboembolectomy (TE). We hereby report our results with open surgical TE over a 10-year period and compare our outcomes using routine fluoroscopic assisted TE (FATE) with blind and selective on demand fluoroscopic-assisted TE (BSTE). Methods This is a retrospective analysis of all patients who underwent open surgical TE for acute lower limb ischemia at a single tertiary center between 2008 and 2018. Patients were divided into a group who underwent BSTE and another who underwent routine FATE. Data on presentation, medical history, surgery performed, and short-term outcomes were retrieved from medical record. Comparison between baseline characteristics and outcomes of both groups were made using t-test and chi-square analysis. Results Over 10 years, 108 patients underwent surgical TE. Thirty-day mortality rate and 30-day major lower extremity amputation rate in the cohort were 12.0% and 6.5%, respectively. On subgroup analysis, 53 patients were treated by BSTE and 55 patients by FATE. There was no significant difference in 30-day mortality rate (11.3% vs 12.7%, p-value = .82) and 30-day major amputation rate (9.4% vs 3.6%, p-value = .454) between the two groups. Local anesthesia was more frequently performed in patients undergoing FATE (58.2% vs 24.5%, p-value < .001). More than one arteriotomy was more frequently required in patients undergoing BSTE (2.6% vs 45.5%, p-value < .001). Patients with infrapopliteal involvement undergoing FATE required less further interventions such as patch angioplasty (2.6% vs 36.4%, p-value < .001) and bypass (2.6% vs 22.7%, p-value = .01). Conclusion ALLI remains a disease of high morbidity and mortality. Open surgical TE offers an effective approach to treat ALLI. The addition of fluoroscopy to the conduction of TE could be associated with valuable benefits, especially in patients with infra-popliteal involvement. Randomized controlled trials are needed to objectively assess the therapeutic potential of FATE.
Incidence and mortality of cerebrovascular disease in Spain: 1,600,000 hospital admissions between 2001 and 2015
Authors: Pérez Hernández Azuquahe , Rodríguez Pérez Mª del Cristo , Marcelino Rodríguez Itahisa , Cuevas Fernández Francisco J , Domínguez Coello Santiago , Almeida González Delia , Calleja Puerta Sergio , Cabrera de León Antonio 
Published: February 2022

Background: To analyze the incidence and mortality of cerebrovascular diseases (CeVD) in Spain from 2001 to 2015. Methods: Retrospective study of hospital incidence, hospital case fatality and population mortality, with records from the Spanish Government Statistics. Days of hospital stay and risk of death (RD) during admission were estimated adjusting for age, sex, first stroke (FS), atrial fibrillation (AF), diabetes, hypertension, and smoking. Results: There were 1,662,487 stroke cases older than 15 years of age admitted to hospital (1,096,748 FS), with a national incidence = 291/105 in this period (Murcia maximum (367/105), Canary Islands minimum (238/105)). Population mortality (−50%) decreased while case fatality remained stable (−3%), despite the increase in the age of patients (+2.29 years) and the incidence (+25%). Canary Islands had the youngest patients (−3.5 years for men and −6 years for women) and the longest hospital stay (+5.1 days). Andalusia (odds ratio (OR) = 1.21 (1.19; 1.22)) and the Canaries (OR = 1.18 (1.15; 1.21)) had the highest RD. The factors associated to the highest increases in RD were FS (OR = 1.34 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.33–1.35)) and AF (OR = 1.30 (95% CI = 1.29–1.31)). Conclusion: Population mortality due to CeVD was reduced by half in Spain between 2001 and 2015, but hospital incidence increased. Andalusia and the Canary Islands had the highest RD in the country. These islands presented the lowest incidence, but their patients were younger, and their hospital stay longer. FS and AF were the factors associated with a higher RD.
Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma: A case series and review of the literature
Authors: Fice Michael P , Lee Linus , Kottamasu Pavan , Almajnooni Abdullah , Cohn Matthew R , Gusho Charles A , Gitelis Steven , Blank Alan T 
Published: February 2022

Background Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma (EMC) is a rare malignant soft tissue sarcoma (STS) that accounts for less than 3% of all soft tissue tumors. The conventional treatment for primary EMC is wide local excision with or without radiation therapy. Materials and Methods This study was a retrospective review of all EMC cases treated within a single institution between 1992 and 2019. EMC was diagnosed using a combination of histologic morphology and immunostaining, with confirmatory fluorescent in situ hybridization. Overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) were defined using Kaplan–Meier analysis. Results Fifteen patients were evaluated, including 11 males and four females. The average age at presentation was 51.7 ± 20.4 years and the mean follow-up time was 61.5 months (range, 5–286 months). The average resected tumor size at largest dimension was 7.14 cm (range, 2.4–18.7). Twelve of fifteen (80%) patients underwent wide local excision, and nine of the twelve (75%) underwent local radiation therapy. The 1-, 5-, and 10-year OS was 80% (95% CI, 59.8–100), 72% (95% CI, 48.5–95.5), and 72% (95% CI, 48.5–95.5), respectively. The 1-, 5-, and 10-year DSS was 92.3% (95% CI, 77.8–100), 83.1% (95% CI, 61.5–100), and 83.1% (95% CI, 61.5–100), respectively. At last follow-up, 11 patients were alive and ten (90.9%) were disease free. Conclusions Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma is a very rare STS most often seen in males and in the extremities. Our cohort was too small to provide meaningful statistical analysis; however, we observed lower rates of local recurrence in patients treated with radiation.
Effects of veverimer on serum bicarbonate and physical function in women with chronic kidney disease and metabolic acidosis: a subgroup analysis from a randomised, controlled trial
Authors: Mathur Vandana S. , Wesson Donald E. , Tangri Navdeep , Li Elizabeth , Bushinsky David A. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Globally, the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is higher in women than in men; however, women have been historically under-represented in nephrology clinical trials. Metabolic acidosis increases risk of progressive loss of kidney function, causes bone demineralization and muscle protein catabolism, and may be more consequential in women given their lower bone and muscle mass. Veverimer, an investigational, non-absorbed polymer that binds and removes gastrointestinal hydrochloric acid, is being developed as treatment for metabolic acidosis.

Methods
This was a Phase 3, multicenter, randomised, blinded, placebo-controlled trial in 196 patients with CKD (eGFR: 20–40 mL/min/1.73 m2) and metabolic acidosis who were treated for up to 1 year with veverimer or placebo. We present the findings from a pre-specified subgroup analysis evaluating the effects of veverimer on metabolic acidosis and physical function among women (N = 77) enrolled in this trial.

Results
At week 52, women treated with veverimer had a greater increase in mean (± standard error) serum bicarbonate than the placebo group (5.4 [0.5] vs. 2.2 [0.6] mmol/L; P < 0.0001). Physical Function reported by patients on the Kidney Disease and Quality of Life – Physical Function Domain, a measure that includes items related to walking, stair climbing, carrying groceries and other activities improved significantly in women randomized to veverimer vs placebo (+ 13.2 vs. -5.2, respectively, P < 0.0031). Objectively measured performance time on the repeated chair stand test also improved significantly in the veverimer group vs. placebo (P = 0.0002).

Conclusions
Veverimer was effective in treating metabolic acidosis in women with CKD, and significantly improved how they felt and functioned.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03390842. Registered on January 4, 2018.
Urban-rural differences in China’s crude death rate changes
Authors: Xiao Fan , Mei Li , Jiang Quanbao 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
From 1982 to 2010, the country’s crude death rate (CDR) dropped sharply, fluctuated, and finally slightly declined. There is a big difference in CDR between urban and rural areas. From 1982 to 1990, the CDR in the country and the countryside declined, and the CDR in cities and towns rose. After 1990, the CDR in cities gradually decreased, the CDR in towns first fell and then rose, and the CDR in the countryside steadily increased. The CDR is affected by changes in the age-specific death rate (ASDR) and age structure.

Methods
This paper decomposes CDR changes into the influence of declines in ASDR and the impact of age structure changes based on 1982, 1990, 2000, and 2010 census data.

Results
The decline in ASDR reduces the CDR, and the aging population increases the CDR (including cities, towns, and the countryside). At the same time, decomposing the difference between the countryside and cities (or the countryside and towns) CDRs found that after 1990, the influence of ASDR differences and age structure differences increased with time. Our results revealed a more significant effect of ASDR differences. The combined effect of two factors (ASDR and age structure) makes the 0, 1–14, 15–64 age groups reduce the CDR, and the 65+ age group increases the CDR. In addition, the 0-year-old group has a not negligible impact on the changes in CDR, although it accounts for a small proportion of the total population.

Conclusions
The influence of ASDR and age structure differs over time (1982 to 1990, 1990 to 2000, and 2000 to 2010) and across regions (cities, towns, the countryside). Considering the slow decline in ASDR and the accelerated aging population, we can infer that the CDR in 2020 will stabilize or even rise slightly instead of dropping significantly (compared with the CDR in 2010). This study provides a basis for the formulation of relevant public health policies.
Correlation analysis of coronary artery tortuosity and calcification score
Authors: Li Min , Wang Zhen-Wei , Fang Li-Juan , Cheng Shou-Quan , Wang Xin , Liu Nai-Feng 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Coronary artery tortuosity (CAT) is regarded as a variation of vascular anatomy, and its relationship with coronary artery calcification (CAC) score is still not well clarified. Studying the correlation between coronary artery calcification scores and CAT to determine specific prevention and intervention populations seems to have more meaningful.

Methods
The study is a cross-sectional retrospective study, including 1280 patients. CAT is defined as the presence of at least three consecutive curvatures of more than 45°measured during systole or diastole of a major epicardial coronary artery. Multivariable regression analysis was used to adjust the clinical parameters directly affecting CAT.

Results
Of these individuals, 445 (35%) were evaluated having CAT, of which females are higher than males (59.1% vs. 40.9%). Moderate CAC score (101–400) (odds ratio (OR) 1.49, 95% confidence interval [95%CI] 1.05–2.10, P = 0.025) revealed significantly associated with CAT on univariable analysis. However, multivariable analysis after adjusting for confounding factors only indicated that CAT was positively correlated with female (OR 1.68, 95%CI 1.30–2.17, P < 0.001), hypertension (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.04–1.75, P = 0.024), and age (OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.01–1.03, P = 0.001), while was negatively associated with body mass index (BMI) 24–27.9(OR 0.76, 95% CI 0.58–1.00, P = 0.044), and BMI > 28 (OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.31–0.68, P < 0.001). Further analysis stratified by gender showed that compared with non-CAT, CAT was significantly linked with moderate CAC score (OR 1.79, 95% CI 1.00–3.20, P = 0.048), hypertension (OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.07–2.22, P = 0.021), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (OR 1.86, 95% CI 1.07–3.24, P = 0.028), while was negatively related to BMI > 28 (OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.31–0.84, P = 0.008) in female patients.

Conclusions
CAT is more likely to be found in females, connected with hypertension, age, and BMI. No significant correlation is found between the presence of tortuosity and calcium score or diameter stenosis on multivariable analysis. Whereas the CAT is associated with moderate CAC score in correlation analysis when women are selected as the main group.
Single-site laparoscopic high ligation of the extraperitoneal hernia sac with an epidural needle for incarcerated ovarian hernia in infants
Authors: Wang Yun-jin , Chen Liu , Zhang Qi-liang , Zhang Jian-qin , Cui Xu , Zhou Chao-ming 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of single-site laparoscopic extraperitoneal hernia sac ligation with an epidural needle for incarcerated ovarian hernias in infants and young children.

Methods
The clinical data of 38 infants with incarcerated ovarian hernias who underwent single-site laparoscopic extradural needle extraperitoneal hernia sac ligation from January 2015 to January 2018 were retrospectively analysed.

Results
All procedures were successfully performed using laparoscopy with no need for conversion to open surgery. The time of hospital stay was 1.30 ± 0.39 days. During hospitalization and follow-up, there were no complications, such as intestinal or bladder injury, abdominal wall vascular injury, ovarian atrophy, hernia recurrence or contralateral indirect hernia. However, three patients experienced complications, including two cases of poor healing of the umbilical incision and one case of suture granuloma.

Conclusions
Single-site laparoscopic high ligation of the extraperitoneal hernia sac with an epidural needle is a safe and feasible method for the treatment of incarcerated ovarian hernias in infants and young children. It has the advantages of minimal trauma, no scarring and good cosmetic effects.
In vitro inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 using a povidone-iodine oral rinse
Authors: Shet Manjunath , Westover Jonna , Hong Rosa , Igo David , Cataldo Marc , Bhaskar Sailaja 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundHealthcare professionals, especially dentists and dental hygienists, are at increased risk for contracting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) through air-borne particles and splatter. This study assessed the in vitro virucidal activity of 0.5% (w/v) povidone-iodine (PVP-I) oral rinse against SARS-CoV-2 to demonstrate its utility as a professional oral rinse.MethodsA 0.5% (w/v) PVP-I oral rinse formulation, placebo oral rinse, and positive (70% [v/v] ethanol and water) and negative (water) controls were assessed using the time-kill method. SARS-CoV-2 was propagated in Vero 76 host cells. Following neutralization validation, triplicate tests were performed for each test formulation and virucidal activity measured at 15, 30, and 60 s and 5 min.ResultsThe 0.5% (w/v) PVP-I oral rinse demonstrated effective in vitro virucidal activity against SARS-CoV-2 as early as 15 s after exposure; viral titer was reduced to < 0.67 log1050% cell culture infectious dose (CCID50)/0.1 mL (log10reduction of > 4.0) at 30 s, whereas the placebo oral rinse reduced the SARS-CoV-2 viral titer to 4.67 and 4.5 log10CCID50/0.1 mL at the 15- and 30-s time points, with a log10reduction of 0.63 and 0.17, respectively. No toxicity or cytotoxic effects against Vero 76 host cells were observed with the 0.5% (w/v) PVP-I oral rinse; positive and negative controls performed as expected.ConclusionsIn vitro virucidal activity of 0.5% (w/v) PVP-I oral rinse against SARS-CoV-2 was demonstrated. Rapid inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 was observed with 0.5% (w/v) formulation with a contact duration of 15 s. Clinical investigations are needed to assess the effectiveness of PVP-I oral rinse against SARS-CoV-2 in dental practice.
Development and validation of an instrument to measure pediatric nurses' adherence to ethical codes
Authors: Beykmirza Raziyeh , Nikfarid Lida , Negarandeh Reza , Sarkhani Naeimeh , Moradi Cherati Mahboube 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background and aim
The nature of pediatric settings may encounter nurses with more complicated ethical issues. A code of ethics guides nurses to act and decide ethically as a profession. Also, there is always a need to evaluate amount nurses adhere to this code of ethics, using valid and reliable instruments. This study aimed to develop a questionnaire and assess its psychometric properties to measure pediatric nurses' adherence to the code of ethics.

Methods
In this methodological research study, firstly, the questionnaire was developed based on an extensive review of the related literature and the theoretical framework of nursing ethics. A panel of experts (n = 12) reviewed the preliminary questionnaire qualitatively and quantitatively (using CVI and CVR). A conveniently selected sample of 156 nurses working in pediatric wards in three hospitals filled out the questionnaire. The psychometric process included determining sample size and data adequacy using KMO and Bartlette's test of sphericity; exploratory factor analysis (principal component method with Promax rotation); item analysis; and Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Also, the Interclass Correlation Index (ICC) value was determined using a two-week interval test–retest method on 30 eligible nurses.

Results
The CVI and CVR for the entire questionnaire were 0.85 and 0.78, respectively. The CVI and CVR of all items were reported higher than 0.59 and 0.8, respectively. Cronbach's alpha of the 28-items instrument was 0.92. Extracted six factors explained 65.31% of the total variance, and the values of the item correlations with the total questionnaire showed good internal consistency (0.52 to 0.90). The items of each factor were evaluated to determine the values they represent. Accordingly, the factors were named beneficence, nonmaleficence, human dignity, autonomy, informed consent, and honesty. The ICC value was 0.99.

Conclusions
The developed instrument is acceptable and has good reliability and validity. It can be used to assess the amount of pediatric nurses' adherence to the code of ethics by managers, teachers, and researchers.
The social determinants of health associated with cardiometabolic diseases among Asian American subgroups: a systematic review
Authors: Min Lucy Y. , Islam Rehnuma B. , Gandrakota Nikhila , Shah Megha K. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundAsian Americans represent one of the fastest-growing immigrant groups in the U.S. and are at high risk for cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs), including type 2 diabetes, hypertension, coronary artery disease, and stroke. Despite the growth of Asians in the U. S, there is a gap in understanding the heterogeneity of CMDs across Asian subgroups and how these might be affected by the social determinants of health (SDOH), or the environment in which people live and work.ObjectiveThe purpose of this systematic review is to examine the current literature on CMDs among Asian Americans and identify the SDOH that are associated with the incidence and/or prevalence of CMDs among specific Asian subgroups.MethodsPubMed, Embase, Web of Science were searched for articles published in Jan 2000-Nov 2020. The reproducible strategy yielded 2732 articles. The articles were reviewed based on the following inclusion criteria: (1) observational study published in the U.S., (2) adult population includes specific Asian subgroups, (3) exposures include SDOH, and (4) outcomes include a CMD, defined as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, coronary artery disease, or stroke.ResultsIn this review, 14 studies were identified and organized into four key themes: acculturation (n = 9), socioeconomic status (SES) (n = 6), social context (n = 2), and health literacy (n = 1). The most represented Asian subgroups in the literature were Chinese, Filipino, and South Asians. Acculturation was the most described social factor in the included reviews. Seven studies found associations between higher acculturation levels and higher prevalence of CMD. However, the measure of acculturation varied by study and included various combinations of the country of birth, number of years residing in the U.S., and English proficiency. The effects of SES, measured as income level and educational attainment, varied by racial subgroups. One study found that higher levels of education were associated with CMD among South Asians.ConclusionAcculturation, SES, social context, and health literacy impact the risk of CMD among Asian Americans; these vary across subgroups. Future research disentangling SDOHs on the risk of CMDs by Asian subgroup is necessary to provide better informed preventive practices and interventions.
Toddler foods and milks don’t stack up against regular foods and milks
Authors: McCann Jennifer , Beckford Kelsey , Beswick Holly , Chisholm Melanie , Woods Julie 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Aim
To compare the cost and nutritional profiles of toddler-specific foods and milks to ‘regular’ foods and milks.

Methods
Cross-sectional audit of non-toddler specific (‘regular’) foods and milks and secondary analysis of existing audit data of toddler specific (12-36 months) foods and milks in Australia.

Main findings
The cost of all toddler-specific foods and milks was higher than the regular non-toddler foods. Foods varied in nutritional content, but toddler foods were mostly of poorer nutritional profile than regular foods. Fresh milk cost, on average, $0.22 less per 100 mL than toddler milk. Toddler milks had higher mean sugar and carbohydrate levels and lower mean protein, fat, saturated fat, sodium and calcium levels per 100 mL, when compared to fresh full fat cow’s milk.

Conclusions
Toddler specific foods and milks cost more and do not represent value for money or good nutrition for young children.