bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comprehensively characterizing cellular changes and the expression of THSD7A and PLA2R1 under multiple in vitro models of podocyte injury
Authors: Zhang Rong , Shi Yu , Lu Yang , Wu Yuanyuan , Chen Miaomiao , Fan Yihui , Yuan Li , Mao Renfang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe unique morphology and gene expression of podocytes are critical for kidney function, and their abnormalities lead to nephropathies such as diabetic nephropathy and membranous nephropathy. Podocytes cultured in vitro are valuable tools to dissect the molecular mechanism of podocyte injury relative to nephropathy, however, these models have never been comprehensively compared. Here, we comprehensively compared the morphology, cytoskeleton, cell adhesion, cell spreading, cell migration, and lipid metabolism under five commonly used in vitro models including lipopolysaccharide (LPS), puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN), doxorubicin (Dox), high glucose, and glucose deprivation. Our results indicate that all stimulations significantly downregulate the expression of synaptopodin both in human and mouse podocytes. All stimulations affect podocyte morphology but show different intensity and phenotypes. In general, the five stimulations reduce cell adhesion, cell spreading, and cell migration, but the effect in human and mouse podocytes is slightly different. Human podocytes show high expression of genes enriched in the pentose phosphate pathway. Dox and PAN treatment show a strong effect on gene expression in lipid metabolism, while the other three stimulations show minimal effect. The expression of phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R1) and type‐1 domain‐containing protein 7 A (THSD7A) show opposite trends in given cells. Stimulations can dramatically affect the expression of PLA2R1 and THSD7A. Inhibition of super‐enhancers reduces PLA2R1 and THSD7A expression, but ERK inhibition enhances their expression. Our results demonstrate distinctive responses in five commonly used in vitro podocyte injury models and the dynamic expression of PLA2R1 and THSD7A, which supply novel information to select suitable podocyte injury models.
Activated microglia promote invasion and barrier dysfunction of brain endothelial cells via regulating the CXCL13/CXCR5 axis
Authors: Zhang Qiaolei , Jiang Jinhong , Liu Yonghua , Ma Guangli , Wang Xiaoqiu , Fang Bingmu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe blood brain barrier (BBB) is a protective border that prevents noxious substances from gaining access to the central nervous system (CNS). CXCL13 is a chemokine from the CXC chemokine family, which has been shown to destroy the barrier function of umbilical vein endothelial cells with its receptor CXCR5. Here, we aimed to investigate the role of CXCL13/CXCR5 signaling axis in BBB. The invasive ability of bEnd.3 cells was determined by the Transwell invasion assay. The barrier integrity of bEnd.3 cells was assessed by detecting trans‐endothelial electrical resistance, the permeability to fluorescein isothiocyanate−dextran, and the expression levels of the tight junction protein E‐cadherin. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐activated microglia promoted invasion and barrier dysfunction, and upregulated CXCR5 and p‐p38 expression levels in cocultured bEnd.3 cells. However, the effects of activated microglia were alleviated by knocking down CXCR5 in cocultured bEnd.3 cells. Furthermore, recombinant CXCL13 promoted invasion and barrier dysfunction, and upregulated the expression levels of p‐p38 in bEnd.3 cells; however, its effects were abolished by treating bEnd.3 cells with the p38 inhibitor SB203580. Our data tentatively demonstrated that LPS‐activated microglial cells may promote invasion and barrier dysfunction in bEnd.3 cells by regulating the CXCL13/CXCR5 axis and p38 signaling.
High Performing and Stable Cu/NiAlOx Catalysts for the Continuous Catalytic Conversion of Ethanol into Butanol
Authors: Li Jie , Lin Lu , Tan Yuan , Wang Shiyi , Yang Wenshao , Chen Xingkun , Luo Wenhao , Ding Yun‐Jie 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe catalytic conversion of ethanol into butanol is one of crucial reactions in biorefinery for the production of renewable fuels and chemicals. The development of highly durable non‐noble metal‐based catalysts is of great significance but poses big challenges. Herein, we prepared a series of NiAl‐hydrotalcite derived Cu/NiAlOx catalysts via the hydrothermal precipitation method. Cu addition to the system shows an enhanced reactivity in the continuous catalytic conversion of ethanol into butanol. The 0.75 %Cu/NiAlOx catalyst afford a sustained ethanol conversion of ∼35 % and butanol selectivity of ∼45 % within 1000 h at 250 °C, 3 MPa N2. Complementary characterization studies reveal that Cu addition into the catalysts could not only provide redox sites for facilitating the dehydrogenation/hydrogenation processes, but also modulate the base/acid property for suppressing the side reactions. The excellent stability might stem from the enhanced interaction between Cu and Ni species, as evidenced by EDX‐mapping and H2‐TPR. We believe this work will help to rational design and develop of high‐performing and durable non‐noble metal catalysts for ethanol coupling to higher alcohols.
Effects of a Semi‐Mechanical Technique on the Properties of Nanocellulose from Defatted Rice Bran
Authors: Ilias Nurul Najihah , Mohd Rozalli Norazatul Hanim , Mohamad Kassim Mohamad Haafiz 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDefatted rice bran (DRB), an underutilized agricultural waste, was subjected to sequential pretreatment steps to isolate the cellulose from the lignocellulosic materials. Further extraction by using 55 wt % sulfuric acid combined with ultrasonication was able to produce nanocellulose (NCso). Ultrasonication effectively reduced the particle size and increased the crystallinity of NCso compared to the control (NCcont). Unchanged functional groups and an insignificant decrease of the degradation temperature of NCso demonstrated the negligible impact of ultrasound on the chemical structure and thermal stability of the extracted nanocellulose. Nanocellulose isolated by the described technique has potential applications as biocomposite material and emulsifier in stabilizing emulsions.
Optimization of Sodium Bicarbonate Production from Ammonium Hydroxide Using a Froth Flotation Column
Authors: Sudibyo Sudibyo , Suharto Suharto , Rarasati Syahdilla Anggiva Akhni , Wulandari Yeni Ria , Shintawati Shintawati , Rohman Fakhrony Sholahudin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSodium bicarbonate is produced by the Solvay process from salt (NaCl), ammonia gas (NH3), and CO2. Here, the Solvay process was modified by using ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) liquid to replace NH3. To increase the yield of sodium bicarbonate, a froth flotation column was used. This column can generate microbubbles of CO2, which increases the CO2 conversion. The parameters were studied using response surface methodology (RSM) with a central composite design of experiments. Based on the RSM analysis, the optimum conditions were identified. Analysis of variance shows that the reaction time is the most significant parameter affecting the production of sodium bicarbonate. Empirical quadratic multivariable equation models were obtained with R2 = 0.94. The heavy metal‐free product can be used as a food additive.
Optimal Feeding Strategy in Fermentation of Docosahexaenoic Acid Production by Schizochytrium sp.
Authors: Rohman Fakhrony Sholahudin , Zahan Khairul Azly , Azmi Ashraf , Roslan Muhammad Faizuddin bin , Abdul Hamid Aidil , Shoparwe Noor Fazliani binti 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFed‐batch fermentation has the potential to increase the production of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in Schizochytrium sp. which can provide additional nutrients. The feeding strategy in fed‐batch fermentation is one of the important aspects that could help in improving the DHA yield. An enhanced scatter search (eSS) method and the control vector parametrization (CVP) approach were applied to generate the optimal feeding trajectory numerically. Three objective functions were considered, namely, maximizing the DHA concentration, minimizing the final time, and maximizing the economic function. The shortest time and maximum DHA could be determined simultaneously from the optimal feeding trajectory in maximizing the economic function.
The Mechanism of Biochemical NO‐Sensing: Insights from Computational Chemistry
Authors: Rozza Ahmed M. , Papp Marcell , McFarlane Neil R. , Harvey Jeremy N. , Oláh Julianna 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe binding of small gas molecules such as NO and CO plays a major role in the signaling routes of the human body. The sole NO‐receptor in humans is soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) – a histidine‐ligated heme protein, which, upon NO binding, activates a downstream signaling cascade. Impairment of NO‐signaling is linked, among others, to cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases. In the present work, we use a combination of theoretical tools such as MD simulations, high‐level quantum chemical calculations and hybrid QM/MM methods to address various aspects of NO binding and to elucidate the most likely reaction paths and the potential intermediates of the reaction. As a model system, the H‐NOX protein from Shewanella oneidensis (So H‐NOX) homologous to the NO‐binding domain of sGC is used. The signaling route is predicted to involve NO binding to form a six‐coordinate intermediate heme‐NO complex, followed by relatively facile His decoordination yielding a five‐coordinate adduct with NO on the distal side with possible isomerization to the proximal side through binding of a second NO and release of the first one. MD simulations show that the His sidechain can quite easily rotate outward into solvent, with this motion being accompanied in our simulations by shifts in helix positions that are consistent with this decoordination leading to significant conformational change in the protein.
Do Antarafacial Cycloadditions Occur? Cycloaddition of Heptafulvalene with Tetracyanoethylene
Authors: Izzotti Anthony R. , Gleason James L. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe cycloaddition of heptafulvalene (1) with tetracyanoethylene (TCNE) was previously described as an example of an antarafacial cycloaddition, a [π14a+π2s] process that afforded only the trans cycloadduct by virtue of the edge‐to‐face approach of TCNE, facilitated by the S shape of 1. The reaction has been investigated in depth and found not to be a concerted antarafacial process. At low temperature, the reaction is observed to give a mixture of cis and trans cycloadducts as well as a [4+2] cycloadduct. The mixture of products is converted to the trans cycloadduct by equilibration upon warming to room temperature. Studies with diethyl 2,3‐dicyanofumarate and ‐maleate confirmed the formation of cis cycloadducts. DFT studies at the M06‐2X/6‐311+G(2d,p) SCRF=acetone level of theory show that the originally proposed edge‐to‐face approach of TCNE to 1 is highly disfavored, whereas a stepwise mechanism involving the addition of TCNE at C2 to form a zwitterion followed by collapse at either C2′ or C7′ is energetically accessible. The Diels‐Alder adduct is also formed in a stepwise reaction by competitive addition of TCNE at C4 of 1. These studies suggest that edge‐to‐face interactions are prohibitive in even the most favorable cases.
Noncovalent Interactions Involving Group 6 in Biological Systems: The Case of Molybdopterin and Tungstopterin Cofactors
Authors: Bauzá Antonio , Frontera Antonio 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this study we propose to coin the term Wolfium bond (WfB) to refer to a net attractive force (noncovalent interaction) between any element of group 6 and electron donor atoms (neutral molecules or anions) and to differentiate it from a coordination bond (metal‐ligand interaction). We provide evidence of the existence of this interaction by inspecting the X‐ray crystal structure of proteins containing Molybdopterin and Tungstopterin cofactors from the Protein Data Bank (PDB). The plausible biological role of the interaction as well as its physical nature (antibonding Wf‐Ligand orbital involved) are also analyzed by means of ab initio calculations (RI‐MP2/def2‐TZVP level of theory), Atoms in Molecules (AIM), Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) and Noncovalent Interactions plot (NCIplot) analyses.
Reactions of Diethylazo‐Dicarboxylate with Frustrated Lewis Pairs
Authors: Mandal Dipendu , Chen Ting , Qu Zheng‐Wang , Grimme Stefan , Stephan Douglas W. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractReactions of PAr3/B(C6F5)3 (Ar=o‐Tol, Mes, Ph) FLPs with diethyl azodicarboxylate (DEAD) afford the corresponding FLP addition products 1–3 in which P−N and B−O linkages are formed. In contrast, the reaction of BPh3, PPh3 and DEAD gave product 4 where P−N and N−B linkages were confirmed. In all cases, other binding modes were computed to be both higher in energy and readily distinguishable by 31P and 11B NMR parameters. These data illustrate the influence of steric demands and electronic structures on the nature of the products of FLP reactions with DEAD.
Structural Phase Transitions in Anthracene Crystals
Authors: Hino Yuto , Matsuo Takumi , Hayashi Shotaro 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAnthracene (C14H10) and its derivatives, π‐conjugated molecules in acenes, have been widely researched in terms of their reactions, physical properties, and self‐assembly (or crystal engineering). These molecules can be functionalized to tune reactivities, optoelectronic properties, and self‐assembling abilities. Structural changes in the molecular assemblies, solid states, and crystals have recently been discovered. Therefore, a systematic discussion of anthracene's molecular structure, packing, and optical properties based on its intermolecular structure and phase transitions is important for future chemical and structural design. In the present review, we discuss anthracene's molecular design, dimer packing, and crystal structure, focusing on the structural phase transitions of its crystals. We also provide examples of the phase transitions of anthracene crystals. Changes to edge‐to‐face of CH‐π interaction and face‐to‐face packing of π‐π interaction affect the thermodynamic stabilities of various crystal structures. These structures can inform the prediction of structural and physical properties.
Tuning Solid‐State Emission Behavior of Janus‐Type Anthracenes by Addition of Shielding Bridges
Authors: Tokoro Yuichiro , Nakayama Genta , Yamamoto Shin‐ichi , Koizumi Toshio 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTraditional π‐face shielding is a useful technique to prepare emissive organic crystals. In this study, clip‐shaped ether bridges with silicon spacers were introduced into Janus‐type anthracenes with one shielded and one free π‐face to tune emission behavior systematically. Single‐crystal X‐ray structure analysis and emission spectra revealed that packing structures, emission color, and responsivity to stimuli depended on the size of the bridges. Anthracene molecules with short bridges resulted in clip‐anthracene and π‐π interactions between anthracene rings, leading to green emission in the solid state. In contrast, anthracenes with long bridges resulted in clip‐clip interactions without π‐π interactions, resulting in blue emission in the solid state. Hirshfeld surface analysis revealed that anthracenes with moderate bridges resulted in weak clip‐clip interactions in the crystal structure, which displayed mechanofluorochromism from blue to green emission.
Spatially Defined Gene Delivery into Native Cells with the Red Light‐Controlled OptoAAV Technology
Authors: Hörner Maximilian , Weber Wilfried 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe OptoAAV technology allows spatially defined delivery of transgenes into native target cells down to single‐cell resolution by the illumination with cell‐compatible and tissue‐penetrating red light. The system is based on an adeno‐associated viral (AAV) vector of serotype 2 with an engineered capsid (OptoAAV) and a photoreceptor‐containing adapter protein mediating the interaction of the OptoAAV with the surface of the target cell in response to low doses of red and far‐red light. In this article, we first provide detailed protocols for the production, purification, and analysis of the OptoAAV and the adapter protein. Afterward, we describe in detail the application of the OptoAAV system for the light‐controlled transduction of human cells with global and patterned illumination. © 2022 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Production, purification, and analysis of PhyB‐DARPinEGFR adapter proteinBasic Protocol 2: Production, purification, and analysis of OptoAAVBasic Protocol 3: Red light‐controlled viral transduction with the OptoAAV systemSupport Protocol: Spatially resolved transduction of two transgenes with the OptoAAV system
Digital transformation and corporate environmental performance: The moderating role of board characteristics
Authors: Chen Pengyu , Hao Yuanyuan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDigital transformation, board characteristics, and environmental performance are increasingly important in the field of corporate sustainability. However, despite the growing literature on digital transformation, there is a paucity of literature that considers board characteristics. This paper aims to fill this gap by exploring the relationship between digital transformation and environmental performance from the perspective of board characteristics. Chinese listed companies from 2010 to 2019 were taken as the original data, the moderating effect of the board characteristics was tested by using the moderating effect model. We find that digital transformation can significantly improve corporate environmental performance. A low willingness to digital transformation was showed in the board of directors with age diversity, nationality diversity, shareholding concentration, and political connections. In contrast, digital transformation strategies were preferred in the boards with more female directors and higher educational backgrounds. Our study is of significant value for companies undergoing digital transformation.
Scale‐Up of Solvent‐Free, Mechanochemical Precursor Synthesis for Nanoporous Carbon Materials via Extrusion
Authors: Rensch Tilo , Chantrain Viviene , Sander Miriam , Grätz Sven , Borchardt Lars 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe mechanochemical synthesis of nitrogen‐rich nanoporous carbon materials has been scaled up using an extruder. Lignin, urea, and K2CO3 were extruded under heat and pressure to yield nanoporous carbons with up to 3500 m2 g−1 specific surface area after pyrolysis. The route was further broadened by applying different nitrogen sources as well as sawdust as a low‐cost renewable feedstock to receive carbons with a C/N ratio of up to 15 depending on nitrogen source and extrusion parameters. The texture of obtained carbons was investigated by scanning electron microscopy as well as argon and nitrogen physisorption, while the chemical structure was analyzed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The received carbon was tested as a supercapacitor electrode, showing comparable performance to similar ball‐mill‐synthesized materials. Lastly, the space‐time yield was applied to justify the use of a continuous reactor versus the ball mill.
Biocatalytic Production of a Nylon 6 Precursor from Caprolactone in Continuous Flow
Authors: Romero‐Fernandez Maria , Heckmann Christian M. , Paradisi Francesca 
Published: June 2022

Abstract6‐Aminocaproic acid (6ACA) is a key building block and an attractive precursor of caprolactam, which is used to synthesize nylon 6, one of the most common polymers manufactured nowadays. (Bio)‐production of platform chemicals from renewable feedstocks is instrumental to tackle climate change and decrease fossil fuel dependence. Here, the cell‐free biosynthesis of 6ACA from 6‐hydroxycaproic acid was achieved using a co‐immobilized multienzyme system based on horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase, Halomonas elongata transaminase, and Lactobacillus pentosus NADH oxidase for in‐situ cofactor recycling, with >90 % molar conversion (m.c.) The integration of a step to synthesize hydroxy‐acid from lactone by immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B resulted in >80 % m.c. of ϵ‐caprolactone to 6ACA, >20 % of δ‐valerolactone to 5‐aminovaleric acid, and 30 % of γ‐butyrolactone to γ‐aminobutyric acid in one‐pot batch reactions. Two serial packed‐bed reactors were set up using these biocatalysts and applied to the continuous‐flow synthesis of 6ACA from ϵ‐caprolactone, achieving a space‐time yield of up to 3.31 g6ACA h−1 L−1 with a segmented liquid/air flow for constant oxygen supply.
The potential of multispectral imaging flow cytometry for environmental monitoring
Authors: Dunker Susanne , Boyd Matthew , Durka Walter , Erler Silvio , Harpole W. Stanley , Henning Silvia , Herzschuh Ulrike , Hornick Thomas , Knight Tiffany , Lips Stefan , Mäder Patrick , Švara Elena Motivans , Mozarowski Steven , Rakosy Demetra , Römermann Christine , Schmitt‐Jansen Mechthild , Stoof‐Leichsenring Kathleen , Stratmann Frank , Treudler Regina , Virtanen Risto , Wendt‐Potthoff Katrin , Wilhelm Christian 
Published: June 2022

AbstractEnvironmental monitoring involves the quantification of microscopic cells and particles such as algae, plant cells, pollen, or fungal spores. Traditional methods using conventional microscopy require expert knowledge, are time‐intensive and not well‐suited for automated high throughput. Multispectral imaging flow cytometry (MIFC) allows measurement of up to 5000 particles per second from a fluid suspension and can simultaneously capture up to 12 images of every single particle for brightfield and different spectral ranges, with up to 60x magnification. The high throughput of MIFC has high potential for increasing the amount and accuracy of environmental monitoring, such as for plant‐pollinator interactions, fossil samples, air, water or food quality that currently rely on manual microscopic methods. Automated recognition of particles and cells is also possible, when MIFC is combined with deep‐learning computational techniques. Furthermore, various fluorescence dyes can be used to stain specific parts of the cell to highlight physiological and chemical features including: vitality of pollen or algae, allergen content of individual pollen, surface chemical composition (carbohydrate coating) of cells, DNA‐ or enzyme‐activity staining. Here, we outline the great potential for MIFC in environmental research for a variety of research fields and focal organisms. In addition, we provide best practice recommendations.