bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A ECONOMIA INFORMACIONAL, A NOVA DIVISÃO INTERNACIONAL DO TRABALHO E O PROJETO SOCIALISTA
Authors: Castells Manuel 
Published: August 2022

O autor conceitua como informacional a economia caracterizada pelo peso crescente da ciência, da tecnologia e da informação na produção, pela flexibilização e reorganização da produção em relação à demanda e por uma globalidade sistêmica onde os elementos se organizam em fluxos supranacionais. Assinala como a economia informacional é tão global como desigual, implicando em nova divisão internacional do trabalho, cuja dinâmica determinará a evolução da economia mundial na próxima década, assim como as possibilidades de desenvolvimento dos diversos países e áreas. Explorando essas possibilidades, ele se reporta, também, aos efeitos sociais dos grandes processos em curso e ao novo conteúdo e tarefas de um projeto socialista nesse contexto atual. The economy the author calls informational is characterized by a growing influence of science, technology and information on production, by the flexibilization and reorganization of production in relation to demand, and by a systematic globality in which the single elements are organized transnationally. The informational economy is as much global as unequal, because it implies a new international division of labour - the dynamics of which shall pattern the development of world economy for the next decade - as well as opportunities in the single countries and regions.While exploring these opportunities, the author relates the social effects of these large-scale processes to the new tasks and ideas of a socialist project in the present context.Publicação Online do Caderno CRH:http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
Epileptiform activity predicts epileptogenesis in cerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Kong Tseun Han James , Abdul Azeem Mohammad , Naeem Ayesha , Allen Shawn , Kim Jennifer Ahjin , Struck Aaron F. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis retrospective case–controlled study was performed to evaluate whether Epileptiform Activity, suspected clinical seizures, and/or 2HELPS2B/S after nontraumatic Intraparenchymal Hemorrhage or Subarachnoid Hemorrhage can predict Epilepsy. Hundred and thirty‐two patients were included—29 (Epilepsy), 103 (Control Group). After matching, the average effect for all three risk factors was significant as follows: (1) Epileptiform Activity (p = 0.012, odds ratio 3.14), (2) suspected seizures (p = 0.021, odds ratio 3.78), and (3) 2HELPS2B/S score (p < 0.001, odds ratio 4.94). This study shows that Epileptiform Activity, suspected seizures, and particularly, the 2HELPS2B/S score in the acute phase are risk factors for the development of epilepsy after nontraumatic intraparenchymal and subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Room‐Temperature Negative Differential Resistance and High Tunneling Current Density in GeSn Esaki Diodes
Authors: Liu Chia‐You , Tien Kai‐Ying , Chiu Po‐Yuan , Wu Yu‐Jui , Chuang Yen , Kao Hsiang‐Shun , Li Jiun‐Yun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTunnel field‐effect transistors (TFETs) are a promising candidate for low‐power applications owing to their steep subthreshold swing of sub‐60 mV per decade. For silicon‐ or germanium‐based TFETs, the drive current is low due to the indirect band‐to‐band tunneling (BTBT) process. Direct‐bandgap germanium–tin (GeSn) can boost the TFET performance since phonon participation is not required during the tunneling process. Esaki diodes with negative differential resistance (NDR) are used to characterize the BTBT properties and calibrate the tunneling rates for TFET applications. This work demonstrates high‐performance GeSn Esaki diodes with clear NDR at room temperature with very high peak‐to‐valley current ratios of 15–53 from 300 K to 4 K. A record‐high peak current density of 545 kA cm−2 at 4 K is also reported for the tensile‐strained Ge0.925Sn0.075 device (strain ≈0.6 %). By applying tensile stresses to n‐GeSn epitaxial films, the direct BTBT process dominates, leading to high tunneling rates. Hall measurements further confirm that more electrons populate in the direct Γ valley in the tensile‐strained n‐GeSn epitaxial films.
Interspace and Vacancy Modulation: Promoting the Zinc Storage of an Alcohol‐Based Organic–Inorganic Cathode in a Water–Organic Electrolyte
Authors: He Weidong , Lin Zedong , Zhao Kangning , Li Yanlu , Meng Chao , Li Jiantao , Lee Sungsik , Wu Yongzhong , Hao Xiaopeng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractExpanding interspace and introducing vacancies are desired to promote the mobility of Zn ions and unlock the inactive sites of layered cathodes. However, this two‐point modulation has not yet been achieved simultaneously in vanadium phosphate. Here, a strategy is proposed for fabricating an alcohol‐based organic–inorganic hybrid material, VO1−xPO4·0.56C6H14O4, to realize the conjoint modulation of the d‐interspace and oxygen vacancies. Peculiar triglycol molecules with an inclined orientation in the interlayer also boost the improvement in the conversion rate of V5+ to V4+ and the intensity of the PO bond. Their synergism can ensure steerable adjustment for intercalation kinetics and electron transport, as well as realize high chemical reactivity and redox‐center optimization, leading to at least 200% increase in capacity. Using a water–organic electrolyte, the designed Zn‐ion batteries with an ultrahigh‐rate profile deliver a long‐term durability (fivefold greater than pristine material) and an excellent energy density of ≈142 Wh kg−1 (including masses of cathode and anode), thereby substantially outstripping most of the recently reported state‐of‐the‐art zinc‐ion batteries. This work proves the feasibility to realize the two‐point modulation by using organic intercalants for exploiting high‐performance new 2D materials.
Real‐Time Measurement of Cell Mechanics as a Clinically Relevant Readout of an In Vitro Lung Fibrosis Model Established on a Bioinspired Basement Membrane
Authors: Doryab Ali , Taskin Mehmet Berat , Stahlhut Philipp , Groll Jürgen , Schmid Otmar 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLung fibrosis, one of the major post‐COVID complications, is a progressive and ultimately fatal disease without a cure. Here, an organ‐ and disease‐specific in vitro mini‐lung fibrosis model equipped with noninvasive real‐time monitoring of cell mechanics is introduced as a functional readout. To establish an intricate multiculture model under physiologic conditions, a biomimetic ultrathin basement (biphasic elastic thin for air–liquid culture conditions, BETA) membrane (<1 µm) is developed with unique properties, including biocompatibility, permeability, and high elasticity (<10 kPa) for cell culturing under air–liquid interface and cyclic mechanical stretch conditions. The human‐based triple coculture fibrosis model, which includes epithelial and endothelial cell lines combined with primary fibroblasts from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients established on the BETA membrane, is integrated into a millifluidic bioreactor system (cyclic in vitro cell‐stretch, CIVIC) with dose‐controlled aerosolized drug delivery, mimicking inhalation therapy. The real‐time measurement of cell/tissue stiffness (and compliance) is shown as a clinical biomarker of the progression/attenuation of fibrosis upon drug treatment, which is confirmed for inhaled Nintedanib—an antifibrosis drug. The mini‐lung fibrosis model allows the combined longitudinal testing of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of drugs, which is expected to enhance the predictive capacity of preclinical models and hence facilitate the development of approved therapies for lung fibrosis.
Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells with a High Open‐Circuit Voltage Over 1.2 V Achieved by a Dual‐Side Passivation Layer
Authors: Kim Ju‐Hyeon , Kim Yong Ryun , Kim Juae , Oh Chang‐Mok , Hwang In‐Wook , Kim Jehan , Zeiske Stefan , Ki Taeyoon , Kwon Sooncheol , Kim Heejoo , Armin Ardalan , Suh Hongsuk , Lee Kwanghee 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSuppressing nonradiative recombination at the interface between the organometal halide perovskite (PVK) and the charge‐transport layer (CTL) is crucial for improving the efficiency and stability of PVK‐based solar cells (PSCs). Here, a new bathocuproine (BCP)‐based nonconjugated polyelectrolyte (poly‐BCP) is synthesized and this is introduced as a “dual‐side passivation layer” between the tin oxide (SnO2) CTL and the PVK absorber. Poly‐BCP significantly suppresses both bulk and interfacial nonradiative recombination by passivating oxygen‐vacancy defects from the SnO2 side and simultaneously scavenges ionic defects from the other (PVK) side. Therefore, PSCs with poly‐BCP exhibits a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 24.4% and a high open‐circuit voltage of 1.21 V with a reduced voltage loss (PVK bandgap of 1.56 eV). The non‐encapsulated PSCs also show excellent long‐term stability by retaining 93% of the initial PCE after 700 h under continuous 1‐sun irradiation in nitrogen atmosphere conditions.
A Novel Multi‐Sulfur Source Collaborative Chemical Bath Deposition Technology Enables 8%‐Efficiency Sb2S3 Planar Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Shaoying , Zhao Yuqi , Che Bo , Li Chuang , Chen Xueling , Tang Rongfeng , Gong Junbo , Wang Xiaomin , Chen Guilin , Chen Tao , Li Jianmin , Xiao Xudong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSb2S3 as a light‐harvesting material has attracted great attention for applications in both single‐junction and tandem solar cells. Such solar cell has been faced with current challenge of low power conversion efficiency (PCE), which has stagnated for 8 years. It has been recognized that the synthesis of high‐quality absorber film plays a critical role in efficiency improvement. Here, using fresh precursor materials for antimony (antimony potassium tartrate) and combined sulfur (sodium thiosulfate and thioacetamide), a unique chemical bath deposition procedure is created. Due to the complexation of sodium thiosulfate and the advantageous hydrolysis cooperation between these two sulfur sources, the heterogeneous nucleation and the S2‐ releasing processes are boosted. As a result, there are noticeable improvements in the deposition rate, film morphology, crystallinity, and preferred orientations. Additionally, the improved film quality efficiently lowers charge trapping capacity, suppresses carrier recombination, and prolongs carrier lifetimes, leading to significantly improved photoelectric properties. Ultimately, the PCE exceeds 8% for the first time since 2014, representing the highest efficiency in all kinds of Sb2S3 solar cells to date. This study is expected to shed new light on the fabrication of high‐quality Sb2S3 film and further efficiency improvement in Sb2S3 solar cells.
Polyamide composite membranes for enhanced organic solvent nanofiltration performance by metal ions assisted interfacial polymerization method
Authors: Zheng Dayuan , Hua Dan , Cheng Xi , Pan Junyang , Ibrahim Abdul‐Rauf , Hua Haiming , Zhang Peng , Cha Xingwen , Xu Kaiji , Zhan Guowu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHerein, thin‐film composite membranes consisting of poly(m‐phenyleneisophthalamide) substrate and polyamide active layer were constructed by transition metal ion‐assisted interfacial polymerization method. As compared to the traditional polyamide membranes, a much thinner polyamide layer (33 vs. 200 nm) can be synthesized with higher permeance (3.2 vs. 0.62 L m−2 h−1 bar−1) in the organic solvent nanofiltration. Similarly, the prepared membranes maintained a high rejection (>99%) for various dyes. Optimal membranes prepared by using Co2+ exhibited strong tolerance to various organic solvents with good long‐term stability. Positron annihilation spectroscopy and other characterization methods were used to investigate the relationships between the membrane microstructures and the enhanced separation performance. Based on molecular dynamics simulation, it was found that the diffusion coefficient of polyethyleneimine monomer decreased by about 18 times after adding Co2+ to the aqueous solution (forming coordination interaction). This procedure has great potential and sustainability for practical organic solvent nanofiltration applications.
Electro‐kinetically enhanced mass transport of charged macro‐solutes through a microchannel with porous walls
Authors: Bhattacharjee Saikat , Mondal Sourav , De Sirshendu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractElectrokinetics of the solute transport across the porous walls of micro channel is important from its practical application but less explored. Transport of the charged macro‐solutes across perm‐selective walls in a microchannel is investigated. The extended Nernst–Planck equation describes the charged macro‐solutes distribution in the mass transfer boundary layer over the porous wall. The transverse electromigration of the charged macro‐solute either augments or suppresses the concentration polarization and the permeation rate depending on the wall and solute surface potential (attractive or repelling). The wall potential is screened due to the electrical double layer interaction of the wall and charged solute. It is observed that the charged solute concentration over the channel wall enhances by two times in case of oppositely charged interactions (unlike solute and channel wall) compared to like charges. The findings of this study can facilitate understanding of electrokinetic based drug delivery and separation systems involving charged solutes.
The significance of spleen size in children with sickle cell anemia
Authors: Nardo‐Marino Amina , Glenthøj Andreas , Brewin John N. , Petersen Jesper , Braunstein Thomas H. , Kurtzhals Jørgen A. L. , Williams Thomas N. , Rees David C. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIt is well established that splenic dysfunction occurs in early childhood in sickle cell anemia (SCA), although the determinants and consequences of splenic injury are not fully understood. In this study, we examined spleen size and splenic function in 100 children with SCA aged 0–16 years at King's College Hospital in London. Spleen size was assessed by abdominal ultrasound (US) and splenic function by pitted red blood cells (PIT counts). In our cohort, 5.6% of children aged 6–10 years and 19.4% of children aged 11–16 years had no visible spleen on US (autosplenectomy). Splenomegaly was common in all age groups, with 28% of children overall having larger spleens than the average for their age. Only one child had a PIT count suggesting preserved splenic function. We found no correlation between hemoglobin F levels and spleen size, nor was there any difference in spleen size between children treated with or without hydroxyurea. Although there was a trend toward increased spleen length in children with co‐inherited α‐thalassemia, this did not reach statistical significance. Finally, we found a strong association between erythrocyte deformability measured with oxygen gradient ektacytometry, spleen size, and PIT counts. In conclusion, our results do not agree with the general perception that most children with SCA undergo autosplenectomy within the first decade of life and indicate that loss of erythrocyte deformability contributes to loss of splenic filtration capacity in SCA, as well as phenotypical variations in spleen size.
Efficacy of pp65‐specific TCR‐T cell therapy in treating cytomegalovirus infection after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Liu Guangna , Chen Hua , Cao Xingyu , Jia Lemei , Rui Wei , Zheng Hongli , Huang Daosheng , Liu Fang , Liu Yue , Zhao Xueqiang , Lu Peihua , Lin Xin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCytomegalovirus (CMV) infection remains a major cause of mortality after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Current treatments, including antiviral drugs and adoptive cell therapy with CMV‐specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), only show limited benefits in patients. T‐cell receptor (TCR)‐T cell therapy offers a promising option to treat CMV infections. Here, using tetramer‐based screening and single‐cell TCR cloning technologies, we identified various CMV antigen‐specific TCRs from healthy donors, and generated TCR‐T cells targeting multiple pp65 epitopes corresponding to three major HLA‐A alleles. The TCR‐T cells showed efficient cytotoxicity toward epitope‐expressing target cells in vitro. After transfer into immune‐deficient mice bearing pp65+HLA+ tumor cells, TCR‐T cells induced dramatic tumor regression and exhibited long‐term persistence. In a phase I clinical trial (NCT04153279), CMV TCR‐T cells were applied to treat patients with CMV reactivation after HSCT. Except one patient who withdrew at early treatment stage, all other six patients were well‐tolerated and achieved complete response (CR), no more than grade 2 cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and other adverse events were observed. CMV TCR‐T cells persisted up to 3 months. Among them, two patients have survived for more than 1 year. This study demonstrates the great potential in the treatment and prevention of CMV infection following HSCT or other organ transplantation.
Safety and efficacy of jaktinib in the treatment of Janus kinase inhibitor‐naïve patients with myelofibrosis: Results of a phase II trial
Authors: Zhang Yi , Zhou Hu , Jiang Zhongxing , Wu Dengshu , Zhuang Junling , Li Wei , Jiang Qian , Wang Xiuli , Huang Jinwen , Zhu Huanling , Yang Linhua , Du Xin , Li Fei , Xia Ruixiang , Zhang Feng , Hu Jianda , Li Yan , Hu Yu , Liu Jing , Jin Chenghao , Sun Kai , Zhou Zeping , Wu Liqing , Yu Wenjuan , Jin Jie 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMyelofibrosis (MF) is associated with several constitutional symptoms. Currently, there are few therapeutic options for MF. Jaktinib, a novel, small‐molecule inhibitor of JAK, is currently being studied for its potential to treat MF. This phase 2 trial investigated efficacy and safety of jaktinib in the treatment of MF patients. The primary end point was the proportion of patients with ≥35% reduction in spleen volume (SVR35, proportion of patients with ≥35% reduction in spleen volume) at week 24. The secondary end points included improvement of anemia, rates of symptom response, and safety profile. Between January 8, 2019 and August 29, 2020, 118 patients were recruited and treated with either jaktinib 100 mg BID or 200 mg QD. At week 24, 54.8% (34/62) of patients in the 100 mg BID group and 31.3% (15/48) in the 200 mg QD group achieved SVR35 (p = .0199). Jaktinib treatment increased hemoglobin level to ≥20 g/L in 35.6% (21/59) of patients with hemoglobin ≤100 g/L at baseline. The proportion of patients who achieved a ≥50% improvement in total symptom score at week 24 was 69.6% (39/56) in the BID group and 57.5% (23/40) in the QD group. The most common ≥ grade 3 hematological treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs; ≥ 10%) were anemia (100 mg BID: 24.2%, 200 mg QD: 28.8%), thrombocytopenia (16.7%, 11.5%), and neutropenia (3.0%, 11.5%). All non‐hematological TEAEs were mild. These results indicate that jaktinib can shrink the spleen, improve anemia, and other clinical symptoms with good tolerability.
Career satisfaction among acute care resident physicians in Japan
Authors: Shiga Takashi , Hifumi Toru , Hagiwara Yusuke , Otani Norio , Tanaka Hiroshi , Nakano Minoru , Kuroda Yasuhiro 
Published: August 2022

AimWith the introduction of the new national board certification system, sustainable education of acute care physicians has become an important topic. Prior surveys have addressed the job satisfaction of young acute care physicians. However, there have been limited nationwide surveys. The purpose of this study was to investigate the career satisfaction of senior acute care resident physicians, and to identify factors affecting their career satisfaction.MethodsAn anonymous multiple‐choice questionnaire was administered to candidates at the national board examination in 2018 regarding their career satisfaction. Data were analyzed with factor analysis and multivariable analysis with a logistic regression model to identify factors affecting career satisfaction.ResultsThere were 427 respondents and the response rate was 98.2%. There were 332 male respondents (80.8%). Factors that correlated with career satisfaction were training systems, working conditions, personal learning, and stress‐related factors. High job satisfaction was found in 137 (36.6%) of the respondents. Logistic regression analysis showed that the factors significantly associated with high job satisfaction were: training systems (odds ratio [OR] 2.18; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.43–3.33), working conditions (OR 1.78; 95% CI, 1.25–2.53), and personal learning (OR 1.55; 95% CI, 1.02–2.36). There was no significant correlation between high career satisfaction and intention to switch to another specialty.ConclusionHigh job satisfaction in senior acute care residents requires the development of a teaching environment, an optimized work environment, and encouragement of personal learning.
Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production on a sp2‐Carbon‐Linked Covalent Organic Framework
Authors: Ma Si , Deng Tianqi , Li Ziping , Zhang Zhenwei , Jia Ji , Li Qizhen , Wu Gang , Xia Hong , Yang Shuo‐Wang , Liu Xiaoming 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTwo‐dimensional covalent organic frameworks (2D‐COFs) have emerged as attractive platforms for solar‐to‐chemical energy conversion. In this study, we have implemented a gradient heating strategy to synthesize a sp2‐carbon‐linked triazine‐based COF, COF‐JLU100, exhibiting high crystallinity, large surface area, good durability and carrier mobility for solar‐driven photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. The Pt‐doped COF‐JLU100 demonstrated a high hydrogen evolution rate of over 100 000 μmol g−1 h−1 for water splitting under visible‐light illumination (λ>420 nm). Experimental and theoretical studies corroborate that the cyano‐vinylene segments in COF‐JLU100 extend the π‐delocalization and enable fast charge transfer and separation rates as well as good dispersion in water. Moreover, COF‐JLU100 can be prepared by low‐cost and easily available monomers and has excellent stability, which is desirable for practical solar‐driven hydrogen production.
Tandem Electrochemical Oxidative Azidation/Heterocyclization of Tryptophan‐Containing Peptides under Buffer Conditions
Authors: Weng Yiyi , Xu Xiaobin , Chen Hantao , Zhang Yiyang , Zhuo Xianfeng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAs the aromatic tryptophan (Trp) side chain plays a pivotal role in influencing the structure and function of peptides and proteins, it has become an attractive target for the late‐stage modification of these important biomolecules. Herein, we report an electrochemical approach for late‐stage functionalization of peptides containing a Trp side chain through manganese‐catalyzed tandem radical azidation/heterocyclization. This electrochemical oxidative strategy provides access to azide‐substituted tetrazolo[1,5‐a]indole‐containing peptides with broad functional group tolerance, high site selectivity, and good yields of products (up to 87 %) under mild buffer conditions. Moreover, the modified Trp‐containing peptides bearing an azide functionality are promising building blocks, paving the way for the construction of various derivatives, such as “click” chemistry products.