bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arecibo S-band Radar Characterization of Local-scale Heterogeneities within Mercury’s North Polar Deposits
Authors: Rivera-Valentín Edgard G. , Meyer Heather M. , Taylor Patrick A. , Mazarico Erwan , Bhiravarasu Sriram S. , Virkki Anne K. , Nolan Michael C. , Chabot Nancy L. , Giorgini Jon D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Ground-based planetary radar observations first revealed deposits of potentially nearly pure water ice in some permanently shadowed regions (PSRs) on Mercury’s poles. Later, the MESSENGER spacecraft confirmed the icy nature of the deposits, as well as their location within PSRs. Considering the geologic context provided by MESSENGER, we further characterized the north polar deposits by pairing spacecraft data with new Arecibo S-band radar observations. Here we show that some ice deposits within PSRs have a gradational pattern in their radar properties that is likely associated with differences in ice purity. Radar-bright features with a circular polarization ratio μ

c
> 1 can be characterized by water ice with ≳3% impurities by volume while those with μ

c
< 1 by ≳20% impurities. Furthermore, areas in PSRs with μ

c
< 1 typically surround locations of stronger radar backscatter with μ

c
> 1. Therefore, deposits of nearly pure water ice are likely surrounded by lower-purity material, such as water-ice-rich regolith, which could be the result of impact gardening or the crater’s thermal environment. However, such deposits are not always colocated within large polar craters where ice should be the most stable, even at the surface. In fact, we found that there is no significant difference between the radar backscattering properties of deposits thought to have surficial ice and those with buried ice. Our results also help improve the identification of icy reservoirs elsewhere, such as the Moon. Indeed, we found that μ

c
is not an adequate diagnostic, but rather the radar backscatter in each circular polarization independently provides information to identify water-ice deposits.
Antioxidant Associated Antihypertensive Performance of Purified Gambir (Uncaria gambir Roxb.) on Prednisone Salt-Induced Hypertensive Rats
Authors: Permatasari Dita , Khairunnisa Puti , Rosyari Kania , Wahyuni Fatma Sri , Aldi Yufri , Armenia Armenia 
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Purified gambier (Uncaria gambir Roxb.) is potential for treating hypertension based on its antioxidant bioactivity. In this study, we investigated the antihypertensive performances of purified gambier on hypertensive rats and the correlation with its antioxidant activity. Methods: Rats (2-3 months old and the bodyweight of 200-250 g) were divided into five groups. Groups 1, 2, and 3 were treated orally with water suspension of purified gambier at doses of 2.5; 5; and 10 mg/kg BW once a day for 14 days, group 4 and 5 were acted as positive control (treated with vehicle) and captopril treated group (comparison) respectively. The systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), blood flow (BF) and blood volume (BV) were recorded once a day before and 1,3,7 and 14 days after commencement. The blood was taken before and at the end of recording for the plasma NO measurement. Two-way ANOVA was used to analyze the changes of those parameters, except for plasma NO analyzes by one-way ANOVA, followed by Duncan multirange test (95% confidence interval). Results: The study showed that significant antihypertensive effects (p<0.05), influenced by doses and gambier administration duration. The plasma NO of animals was increased after administration of purified gambier (p<0.05), although there was no significant difference in plasma NO in doses variation. Conclusion: These indicated that purified gambier proceed antioxidant associated antihypertensive effects at doses of 2.5 – 10 mg/kg BW when administered for 14 days on the salt-prednisone induced hypertensive rats.
KEYWORDS: antioxidant, antihypertensive, purified gambier, Uncaria gambir Roxb., salt-prednisone induced, hypertension rat
An annotated checklist of the Pyralidae of the region of Murcia (Spain) with new records, distribution and biological data (Lepidoptera, Pyraloidea, Pyralidae)
Authors: Garre Manuel , Girdley John , Guerrero Juan , Rubio Rosa , Ortiz Antonio S. 
Published: March 2022

The Murcia Region (south-eastern Iberian Peninsula) has a great diversity of Lepidopteran fauna, as a zoogeographical crossroads and biodiversity hotspot with more than 850 butterflies and moth species recorded.In the present paper, based on an examination of museum specimens, published records and new samples, a comprehensive and critical species list of Pyralidae moths (Lepidoptera, Pyraloidea) is synthesised. In total, three subfamilies, 67 genera and 142 species have been recorded and these are listed, along with their collection, literature references and biological data, including chorotype, voltinism and the flight period in the study area. The subfamilies are Galleriinae, Phycitinae and Pyralinae. Seventy-three species are newly recorded, sixty-two species are confirmed from literature and only seven species have not been observed for the Murcia Region.
Cutting Edge: Effect of Disease-Modifying Therapies on SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine–Induced Immune Responses in Multiple Sclerosis Patients
Authors: Yuzefpolskiy Yevgeniy , Morawski Peter , Fahning Mitch , Speake Cate , Lord Sandra , Chaudhary Anu , Morishima Chihiro , Wener Mark H , Kita Mariko , McCarthy Lucas , Buckner Jane H , Campbell Daniel J , Bettelli Estelle 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating inflammatory disease of the CNS treated by diverse disease-modifying therapies that suppress the immune system. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 mRNA vaccines have been very effective in immunocompetent individuals, but whether MS patients treated with modifying therapies are afforded the same protection is not known. This study determined that dimethyl fumarate caused a momentary reduction in anti-Spike (S)-specific Abs and CD8 T cell response. MS patients treated with B cell–depleting (anti-CD20) or sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor agonist (fingolimod) therapies lack significant S-specific Ab response. Whereas S-specific CD4 and CD8 T cell responses were largely compromised by fingolimod treatment, T cell responses were robustly generated in anti-CD20–treated MS patients, but with a reduced proportion of CD4+CXCR5+ circulating follicular Th cells. These data provide novel information regarding vaccine immune response in patients with autoimmunity useful to help improve vaccine effectiveness in these populations.
Effects of postural changes on measured intraocular pressure and repeatability of PT-100 tonometer and agreement with applanation and indentation tonometry
Authors: Tairi Ahmed I. , Ogbuehi Kelechi C. , Zafar Hamayun , King Matthew D. , Obinwanne Chukwuemeka J. , Mashige Khathutshelo P. , Osuagwu Uchechukwu L. 
Published: March 2022

Background: Repeatability and validity are important components of precision in any measurement system.Aim: This study aimed to determine the effect of change in head and neck position and body posture on the repeatability of intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements with PT-100 non-contact tonometer and compare with Goldmann, PT-100 and Schiøtz tonometer readings.Setting: Optometry clinic, Saudi Arabia.Methods: The IOP was measured in one selected eye of 84 healthy participants (mean aged 21.9 ± 2.0 years) using PT-100 in three head and body positions, Goldmann tonometer and Schiøtz on two separate visits, in a randomised fashion. Central corneal thickness (CCT) was measured using an ultrasound pachymeter. The repeatability, agreement and correlations between CCT and IOP differentials were assessed.Results: The IOP measured in three head and body positions with the PT-100 were similar and comparable to Goldmann IOPs in sessions one and two with 74% and 86% of PT-100 measurements within ±3 mmHg of the Goldmann tonometry, respectively, for sessions one and two. The Schiøtz tonometer-measured IOP was higher than the Goldmann IOPs (p 0.05) with 60% and 44% of Schiøtz IOPs within ±3 mmHg of the Goldmann tonometer IOP in sessions one and two, respectively. The limits of repeatability and reproducibility were best with the PT-100 and worst with the Schiøtz tonometer. The mean CCT (552±36 µm) was negatively correlated with differences between Goldmann and both PT-100 and Schiøtz-measured IOP.Conclusion: Postural changes did not affect the validity and repeatability of PT-100 readings. PT-100 measurements were interchangeable with Goldmann tonometer. Schiøtz overestimated Goldmann IOP in thicker corneas more than the PT-100.
Perceived Stress and Insomnia Among Medical Residents in South India
Authors: Anupama M , Kulkarni Harish , Nisarga Vinyas , Sushravya  
Published: March 2022

Background:
The ever-expanding medical knowledge, longer work schedule and the work atmosphere ridden with litigations make the medical education a stressful phase. Stress in resident doctors goes unattended many a times. Residents also face difficulty in sleep owing to their heavy work and erratic routine. Insomnia is noted to be a common accompaniment of stress. In this background, the present study is aimed to estimate the prevalence of stress levels and the presence of insomnia among resident doctors and to assess the association between them along with their socio-demographic correlates.

Methodology
Resident doctors working in three different hospitals attached to a medical college were approached; consenting participants were administered Sociodemographic pro forma, Perceived Stress Scale, and Bergen's Insomnia scale. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS software.

Results
A total of 251 residents participated in the study, of which majority were females, Hindu, from an urban background, unmarried and used no psychoactive substance. Of all the residents 80% reported to be stressed and 62% had insomnia. Bergen's Insomnia scores had moderate correlation with Perceived stress scores (r = 0.453, P < 0.001). Female and sleep-deprived residents had higher stress. Residents in clinical branches and residents with long work hours had significant insomnia than their counterparts. On logistic regression analysis, duration of work hours and problem adjusting to the current place of residence significantly predicted insomnia.

Conclusion
Most residents reported to be having stress and the stressed individuals had associated insomnia. Given the serious health effects of stress, there is a need to detect it early. Insomnia could be viewed as an early and soft indicator of underlying stress.
Methamphetamine Abuse in the Form of Yaba Pills
Authors: Ghosh Soumi , Mukherjee Disha , Mondal Arijit 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
YABA, also known as “Nazi speed” is a relatively newer stimulant drug with abusive potential that contains methamphetamine and caffeine in various proportions and mostly available in Bangladesh and its subcontinent and relatively rare in Indian states. Here, we report a case of a 30-year-old male with history of Yaba abuse for the past 4 years currently complaining of withdrawal symptoms palpitation, dry mouth, irritability, and mood symptoms that managed symptomatically and with topiramate tablets to prevent future relapse.
Antimicrobial prophylaxis uses and incidence of surgical site infection in Jayanagar General Hospital, Bangalore, India
Authors: Allaf Navirian Hassan , Navyashree G.A. 
Published: March 2022

Objective:
Wound infections are the commonest hospital-acquired infections in surgical patients. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the pattern of antimicrobial prophylaxis in general surgery in Jayanagar general hospital, Bangalore, India.

Method:
It is a prospective, observational study. The data were collected from 180 patients who satisfied inclusion and exclusion criteria in Jayanagar General Hospital. During the study, 180 prescriptions were studied and patient records were collected and analyzed using SPSS and Microsoft excel.

Result:
The patients were taken a crack at the investigation. More frequently used antibiotics are cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, and amikacin. About 98% of patients who undergo minor or major surgery received antibiotics. Among them, 27.22% received amikacin and cefotaxime, 12.22% received ceftriaxone and metronidazole, 12.22% received cefotaxime and metronidazole, and 10.55% received amikacin and ceftriaxone. About 20.5% received the triple combination. Among 180 patients, 37 patients were treated with one antibiotic, 120 patients were treated with two antibiotics, and the rest of 23 patients with three antibiotics and more; among them patients treated with single antibiotics had a high incidence of SSI.

Conclusion:
The study finished up about the abuse and inappropriate selections of antibiotics. Henceforth, our study likewise proposes following the guidelines for judicious utilization of antibiotics, and limiting inappropriate antibiotic use is the most ideal approach to minimize the odds of SSI. The clinic ought to set up prophylactic antibiotics guidelines which ought to be open and open by each individual from the careful group. The medical checklist ought to be polished viably. Incessant review of prophylactic antibiotic use is expected to improve legitimate practices (prophylactic antibiotics employments). Surgeons should adhere to prophylactic antibiotics guidelines.
Determinants of treatment interruption and outcome among smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients in a tuberculosis unit of Purba Bardhaman district of West Bengal
Authors: Nandi Chinmay , Mitra Kaushik , Bhaumik Dipankar 
Published: March 2022

Context:
The adoption of directly observed treatment short course (DOTS) in Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme has given impressive results with higher treatment success. But interruption of treatment has been one of the major obstacles to treatment of tuberculosis.

Aims:
The aim of the study was to evaluate the determinants of treatment interruption and outcome. It also evaluated the impact of treatment interruption on treatment outcomes.

Settings and Design:
The study was carried out in the area covered under Bhatar tuberculosis unit (TU) of Burdwan district of West Bengal. The study was a descriptive cross-sectional study.

Methods and Material:
Smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients were taken as study subjects in both the components of study. Complete enumeration technique, rather than sampling, was followed in this study. Data were collected in a predesigned and pretested schedule. Statistical Analysis Used: Data were analyzed by percentages and proportion. Chi-square test was used to find the association between variables.

Results:
Gender, religion, and substance abuse were found to be statistically significant factors with interruption. It was also observed that treatment outcome was not statistically significant with age, gender, religion, and category of treatment. In the study, 84.6% of the study subjects with interruption less than 1 week had favorable outcome. But in study subjects with longer duration of interruption (≥2 weeks), only 12.5% had favorable outcome. Not only interruption, duration of interruption was found to be adversely affecting the treatment outcome.

Conclusions:
Interruption had an impact on the treatment outcome in the present study. Unfavorable outcomes were significantly more frequent among patients with interruption as compared to those without any interruption.
Socio-demographic features and quality of life post burn injury
Authors: Gautam Richa , Rajoura O. P. , Sharma A. K. , Rajpal  , Bhatia M. S. 
Published: March 2022

Introduction:
Burn injury is a highly devastating injury accounting for the major cause of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) lost mostly in developing countries. Physical trauma, body disfigurement, the social stigma associated with injury completely shatter an individual’s life.

Aim:
To study the quality of life among burn injury patients.

Methodology:
A cross-sectional hospital-based descriptive study was done on 150 burn injury patients. During the initial recruitment from Burns and Plastic Surgery Ward, socio-demographic profile and burn incident-related data were collected, whereas the WHO QoL-BREF tool was applied after 3 months of discharge during a follow-up visit in the outpatient department of Burns and Plastic Surgery to assess the quality of life among subjects. Data were compiled in MS Excel and statistical analysis was done using SPSS 20 version.

Results:
The study revealed poor quality of life among four domains of QoL; it was most inferior in the psychological domain followed by the physical health domain, environment domain, and social relationship domain.

Conclusion:
Advancement in the medical field has improved the survival rate in victims although the patients recover from the acute painful phase of physical trauma. However, the psychological and social impacts of injury remain unaddressed leading to a poor QoL. There is a need for an integrated approach for prevention and enhancement of the quality of care for the victims in all four domains of life. More emphasis is needed on rehabilitative care for long-term improvement in the QoL of the affected person.
Implications of β-thalassemia on oral health status in patients: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Nabi Aaysha T. , Muttu Jayalakshmi , Chhaparwal Amit , Mukhopadhyay Arka , Pattnaik Samarjeet J. , Choudhary Pallawee 
Published: March 2022

Background:
β-Thalassemia is a chronic disease of autosomal recessive origin that is identified by the presence of a severe form of anemia. This hematological disease has been shown to directly influence a person’s physical as well as psychological well-being along with their families. Aim: This study aimed to find an association between dental health status and oral health-related quality of life (QoL) among children who have been diagnosed with β-thalassemia.

Materials and Methods:
This prospective cross-sectional study was carried out in the dental outpatient department; blood bank and pediatric outpatient departments that were associated with the primary institute. All study participants were age-ranged from 3 to 15 years. Informed written consent was obtained from caregivers or parents of all the study participants. This study was conducted for a total duration of 1 year (from June 2020 to June 2021). All study participants were categorized into two groups: (a) Group I (n = 150) comprised children who were diagnosed with β-thalassemia and (b) Group II (n = 150) comprised normal controls. Exclusion criteria in the study included children suffering from any systemic disease that predisposes them to dental caries or periodontal diseases. The intra-oral examination was performed using Decayed-Missing-Filled Teeth Index (DMFT/dmft Index) and Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified (OHI-S). Assessment of QoL was done by using the “Child Perceptions Questionnaire for children.” Collected data were recorded in Microsoft Excel workbook, 2007. Statistical comparison between both the groups was performed by using statistical tools such as the Chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, independent t-test, and Mann–Whitney U test. The probability values lesser than 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant.

Results:
Maxillofacial findings—rodent facies, saddle nose, lip incompetence, pale oral mucosa, anterior open-bite, lower anterior teeth crowding, and maxillary anterior teeth spacing or crowding—were seen. Class II malocclusion was present in significant numbers of subjects. On comparing dmft/DMFT scores, no significance was observed while on comparing OHI-S index, statistical significance was seen. A statistically significant difference in the QoL was noted between thalassemic children and the control group.

Conclusion:
Thalassemic children showed a significant association between dental health and QoL.
Compliance to antibiotic therapy at paediatric out-patient clinic
Authors: Patel Dipen V. , Acharya Unnati K. , Shinde Mayur K. , Nimbalkar Somashekhar M. 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Poor compliance to antibiotic therapy leads to ineffective treatment. Objective: The objective of this study is to assess compliance to oral antibiotic therapy in paediatric patients and factors affecting it.

Methods:
Patients aged less than 18 years, coming to outpatient department, who were prescribed oral antibiotics in last 1 week, were eligible for participation in the study. Compliance to oral antibiotic therapy and factors affecting it were evaluated through verbal interview of their caretakers.

Results:
Out of total of 815 participants in the study, 241 (29.6%) were non-compliant either due to not completing the course [142 (17.4%)] or due to not complying with the frequency [99 (12.2%)]. Causes of incomplete course were adverse effects [28 (19.7%)], poor palatability [30 (21.1%)] and no improvement [84 (59.2%)]. Gender, religion, age, development of child and education or occupational status of caregiver did not affect the compliance. Multivariable logistic regression showed two or more drugs in addition to antibiotic therapy (odds ratio [OR] 1.73; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03–2.92); more frequency intake of antibiotic in a day, that is, either twice a day (OR 2.13; 95% CI 1.24–3.66) or thrice a day (OR 3.7; 95% CI 2.18–6.48), was significantly associated with non-compliance. Though syrup formulation and low cost of prescription were associated with better compliance on univariate analysis, they did not have any impact in multivariable logistic regression.

Conclusions:
Restricting use of unnecessary drugs with antibiotic therapy, preferring once-a-day frequency and carefully selecting antibiotic with minimal adverse effects and better palatability improve the compliance to oral antibiotic therapy in paediatric patients.