bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Surface Modification on the Electrochemical Oxidation Reactivity of Activated Carbon in Direct Carbon Fuel Cells
Authors: Fan Lijun , Zhao Yicheng , Li Yongdan 
Published: January 2022

A direct carbon fuel cell (DCFC) is the only fuel cell type that converts the chemical energy stored in solid carbon, which could be obtained from coal and biomass, into electricity directly via an electrochemical route with a higher energy efficiency and less pollution than conventional coal-fired power plants [1, 2]. In this work, the effect of the surface properties of carbon fuel on its electrochemical oxidation reactivity is investigated. Activated carbon (AC) is pre-treated with HNO3 and NaOH, respectively, both of which decrease the graphitization degree and increase the oxygen content of AC. The amount of hydroxyl groups on the surface of AC increases after the treatments with HNO3 and NaOH, and then decreases during the subsequent heating process in an inert atmosphere. On the contrary, the carbonyl groups on the surface of AC-HNO3 remain stable during the heating process. AC-HNO3 shows the highest reactivity towards oxidation and reverse Boudouard reactions due to its lowest graphitization degree and highest oxygen content. The performance of the cell supported by a 380-μm-thick yttria stabilized zirconia electrolyte layer with 60 mol% La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-40 mol% Gd2O3 doped CeO2 as the electrodes is investigated with various fuels. The cell with AC-HNO3 as the fuel exhibits the highest maximum power density of 81 mW cm-2 at 800 oC.
Fig. 1. I-V and I-P curves of single cells with various carbon fuels at 800 oC

References

[1] Jiang C, Ma J, Corre G, et al. Chemical Society Reviews, 2017, 46(10): 2889-2912
[2] Jang H, Park Y, Lee J. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2017, 308: 974–979.

Figure 1
Some Distinctive Characteristics of the B Text of the Old English Bede
Authors: Afros Elena 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The B text of the Old English Bede copied in the first half of the eleventh century into CCCC 41 by two scribes differs editorially, linguistically, and rhetorically from other witnesses. Although the two B scribes are generally credited with the alterations, Campbell (1951), Scragg (1990), and Waite (2014) point out that some of the distinctive traits of the B version may have originated in an anterior copy or copies. Waite (2014) also objects to the indiscriminate treatment of the work of the two B scribes as it obscures the contribution of each copyist. The present study examines seven distinctive linguistic characteristics of the B text. To determine which traits may derive from an anterior copy and which ones may be attributed to the B scribes, it compares and contrasts the Bede manuscripts and the B scribes’ practices. This inquiry not only sheds light on the methods of scribal revision but also the English of the first half of the eleventh century.
Divine Displacement
Authors: Sayers William 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The reconstructed name of the early Germanic god *Wōdanaz is generally traced to a Proto-Indo-European root *u̯ā̆t- meaning ‘spiritually aroused, possessed’. The signification contrasts sharply with the attributes of the primal Germanic sky and war god *Tīwaz, whose name references the bright sky. In a cultural development not yet fully explained, the former displaces the latter as the chief god. In this article, a homophone of the above PIE root, designated *u̯ā̆t- (2), and meaning ‘to bow down, bend, stoop’, is posited as the root of a theonym meaning ‘the bent, stooped one’. He is identified as the Germanic psychopomp and lord of the dead with ties to an ancestor cult. From a largely quiescent role as the bowed or bent-knee god, he emerges from the underworld, when Germanic tribes resemanticized the reflex of the *u̯ā̆t- (2) root ‘bent, bowed’ – militarized it. The new chief god was understood as ‘the master of battle rage’, based on the prioritization of the signification inherent in the root *u̯ā̆t- (1).
Rethinking About Thinking: Developing Ourselves for Critical Thinking as an Educator
Authors: Aggarwal Divya , Elembilassery Varun 
Published: January 2022

In real life scenarios, an individual comes across myriad situations that are marked with ambiguity and uncertainty. How do we prepare ourselves to embrace ambiguity and think critically in such situations? With the COVID-19 global pandemic, industry experts and academicians are referring to live with a crisis once in every 5 years, as the new normal. Each crisis is unique and so is the COVID-19 pandemic. As an educator and faculty, a mere lecture on critical thinking will not be enough and nor can the students be stirred towards critical thinking with few sessions. Curriculum reforms are required, and students need to go through experiential learning. The classroom teaching should not become part of the problem, but part of the solution in future. JEL Codes: M0, I20, I29, Y7
Programmable Biosensors Based on RNA-Guided CRISPR/Cas Endonuclease
Authors: Liu Xiaolong , Hussain Mubashir , Dai Jianguo , Li Yonghong , Zhang Lijun , Yang Jian , Ali Zeeshan , He Nongyue , Tang Yongjun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHighly infectious illnesses caused by pathogens constitute severe threats to public health and lead to global economic loss. The use of robust and programmable clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat and CRISPR-associated protein (CRISPR-Cas) systems, repurposed from genome-engineering applications has markedly improved traditional nucleic acid detection for precise identification, independently enabling rapid diagnostics of multiplex biomarker with genetic and mutation related to tumors, and microbial pathogens. In this review, we delineate the utility of the current CRISPR-Cas enzyme as biosensors by which these effector toolkits achieve recognition, signaling amplification, and finally, accurate detection. Additionally, we discuss the details of the dominance and hurdles related to expanding this revolutionary technology into an effective and convenient contraption crucial for improving the rational redesign to CRISPR/Cas biosensing. Overall, this review provides an insight into the current status of rapid and POC diagnostic systems by CRISPR/Cas tools.
A farewell to phlebotomy—use of placenta-derived drugs Laennec and Porcine for improving hereditary hemochromatosis without phlebotomy: a case report
Authors: Hamada Yuki , Hirano Eiichi , Sugimoto Koji , Hanada Keizo , Kaku Taiichi , Manda Naoki , Tsuchida Kenichi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundHuman hepcidin, produced by hepatocytes, regulates intestinal iron absorption, iron recycling by macrophages, and iron release from hepatic storage. Recent studies indicate that hepcidin deficiency is the underlying cause of the most known form of hereditary hemochromatosis.Case presentationA 44-year-old Asian man who developed type 2 diabetes mellitus had elevated serum ferritin levels (10,191 ng/mL). Liver biopsy revealed remarkable iron deposition in the hepatocytes and relatively advanced fibrosis (F3). Chromosomal analysis confirmed the presence of transferrin receptor type 2 mutations (c.1100T>G, c.2008_9delAC, hereditary hemochromatosis type 3 analyzed by Kawabata). The patient received intravenous infusions of Laennec (672 mg/day, three times/week) or oral administration with Porcine (3.87 g/day) for 84 months as an alternative to repeated phlebotomy. At the end of the treatment period, serum ferritin level decreased to 428.4 ng/mL (below the baseline level of 536.8 ng/mL). Hemoglobin A1c levels also improved after treatment with the same or lower dose of insulin (8.8% before versus 6.8% after). Plural liver biopsies revealed remarkable improvements in the grade of iron deposition and fibrosis (F3 before versus F1 after) of the liver tissue.ConclusionThe discovery of hepcidin and its role in iron metabolism could lead to novel therapies for hereditary hemochromatosis. Laennec (parenteral) and Porcine (oral), which act as hepcidin inducers, actually improved iron overload in this hereditary hemochromatosis patient, without utilizing sequential phlebotomy. This suggests the possibility of not only improving the prognosis of hereditary hemochromatosis (types 1, 2, and 3) but also ameliorating complications, such as type 2 diabetes, liver fibrosis, and hypogonadism. Laennec and Porcine can completely replace continuous venesection in patients with venesection and may improve other iron-overloading disorders caused by hepcidin deficiency.
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ВЗАИМОСВЯЗИ МЕЖДУ СОЦИОНИЧЕСКИМ ТИПОМ ЛИЧНОСТИ ОПТАНТА И ЕГО СКЛОННОСТЬЮ К ТИПУ ПРОФЕССИЙ ПО Е.А. КЛИМОВУ
Authors: Strutinsky Sergey V. , Kovalenko Roman K. , Zvonareva Nataliya A. 
Published: January 2022

Цель. Статья посвящена исследованию профориентационных методов, а именно – обоснованию конструктной валидности использования соционической модели для профориентационной деятельности.
Метод или методология проведения работы. В работе использовались методика определения соционического типа, дифференциально-диагностический опросник Е.А. Климова и расчет точечного бисериального коэффициента корреляции.
Результаты. Корреляционный анализ выявил наличие положительной связи между типом профессий «человек – природа» и полюсами «интроверсия» и «конструктивизм». Тип профессий «человек – человек» положительно коррелирует с полюсами «этика» и «сенсорика, а тип «человек – знаковая система» с этими полюсами показывает отрицательную корреляцию. Тип профессий «человек – техника» показывает положительную корреляцию с полюсами «логика» и «аристократия», а тип «человек – художественный образ с полюсами «этика» и «динамика». Полученные результаты частично подтверждают существовавшие ранее в соционике гипотезы о связи соционических типов с типами профессий.
Область применения результатов. Полученные результаты помогут специалистам профориентологам, использующим на практике в т.ч. и методы соционики, чтобы повысить качество своей работы. Также результаты исследования показывают перспективность дальнейшего развития исследований конструктной валидности методов соционики.
ОСОБЕННОСТИ СОДЕРЖАНИЯ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОЙ СУБЪЕКТНОСТИ БУДУЩЕГО ОФИЦЕРА ВОЙСК НАЦИОНАЛЬНОЙ ГВАРДИИ РОССИИ
Authors: Dyachkov Aleksey A. , Shabanov Lev V. 
Published: January 2022

Цель исследования – определение фактора развития профессиональной субъектности посредством корреляции данных волевой составляющей (самоотношение и отношение к жизненным целям) и коммуникативной компетентности (формальные и неформальные позиции) курсанта, как будущего офицера войск. Предметом исследования выступила профессиональная субъектность курсантов, которая рассматривается как ключевая цель в системе подготовки будущих офицеров.
Методы и методики исследования. Методы: теоретический анализ литературных источников; психологическое тестирование. Методики: 16-Факторный личностный опросник (16PF) Р. Кеттелла, Тест «Смысложизненные ориентации» (СЖО) Д.А. Леонтьева (адаптированная версия теста «Цель в жизни» Джеймса Крамбо и Леонарда Махолика).
Результаты. Выявленные взаимосвязи показали, что чем выше самоотношение, тем ниже внутренняя конфликтность и выше коммуникативная компетентность, а значит и волевые качества, позволяющие принимать решения, нести ответственность за себя и за своих подчинённых – чётче осознавать свои жизненные цели, статус и позицию командира (профессиональная субъектность).
Область применения результатов. Полученные результаты могут быть учтены при разработке учебных программ в военных образовательных учреждениях высшего образования, могут использоваться для составления программ экспериментального исследования профессиональной субъектности офицеров, программ профессионального психологического отбора.
Выводы. Профессиональная субъектность офицера существует и проявляет себя как возрастающая и формирующаяся возможность. При её рассмотрении в структурно-динамическом отношении выделяются потенциально-статический и действенно-реализационные аспекты.
Training of Small Farmers and Minority Agroforestry Landowners in Southeastern US – an Evolving Model
Authors: Christian Colmore , Fraser Rory , Herbert Berneece S. , Scott Chelsea 
Published: January 2022

Traditionally, extension activities are aimed at the transferal of knowledge from professionals to small-farmers and landowners. This process is supported by the Forestry Extension Model (FEM), which posit that professionals know what small-farmers and landowners need to learn, are the most credible source of land management information, and that small-farmers’/landowners’ education leads to sustainable land management practices. Although recent studies have supported a shift to peer-to-peer landowner education, there is still a need for initial professional-to-small-farmer/landowner training. Many underserved landowners lack forestry knowledge and practice and are usually unfamiliar with the available federal and state programs and resources. Therefore, they would require training before mentoring fellow small-farmers/landowners and gaining access to available resources. This paper, based in part on the results of a questionnaire survey and small-famers/landowners training initiatives, outlines elements of an evolving ‘landowners training model’ – a model where aspects of the FEM have been applied in a setting conducive to peer-to-peer mentoring.
Delineating the Concept of Human Dignity in the Quran: Karamah al-insan as an Antidote to Religious Conflicts and Violence
Authors: Ali Mohamed Bin 
Published: January 2022

Human dignity is defined as the right of every human life to be valued unconditionally. In Islam, this is perfectly embodied in the Quranic concept of “karamah al-insan” (Human Dignity). Karamah al insan becomes an instructive Islamic principle that regulates all human relationships, including those between Muslims and others. However, misperceptions in peripheral exclusivist thoughts have clouded the concept, positioning the honour and rights of the religiously faithful above those who were deemed lower by virtue of their religious choices. This paper sets out to ascertain the distinction between inherent dignity as an intrinsic right of every human being versus acquired dignity, that which is obtained by virtue of a Muslim’s efforts to ascend up the spiritual ladder. This distinction will distill the value of karamah al-insan as a universal value (human rights) and a shared belief among the different faiths. Furthermore, this clear distinction will deconstruct the claims made by extremist groups to justify civilian and religiously-motivated attacks. To this end, the paper will take a closer look at the Quranic verse 17:70, that specifically mention about human dignity and other related Quranic verses. The paper concludes with the argument that as a universally-shared value, the concept of karamah al-insan will serve as a robust antidote to social and religious chaos especially in these divisive times.
Preconditioning Effects of Photobiomodulation on Repeated-Sprint Ability of Professional Basketball Players
Authors: Giovanini Bruno , Altimari Leandro R. , de Paula Ramos Solange , Okazaki Victor H. A. , Okuno Nilo M. , Junior Adalberto F. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Giovanini, B, Altimari, LR, de Paula Ramos, S, Alves Okazaki, VH, Okuno, NM, and Junior, AF. Preconditioning effects of photobiomodulation on repeated-sprint ability of professional basketball players. J Strength Cond Res 37(1): 224–229, 2023—The purpose of this study was to investigate the preconditioning effects of photobiomodulation on repeated-sprint ability of professional basketball players. Ten professional basketball players took part in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. The subjects attended 2 repeated-sprint test sessions. In each session, the subjects performed a general warm-up, followed by a familiarization sprint. Afterward, the subjects received either the photobiomodulation (660 and 850 nm, 12 J·cm−2, 83.4 J per point, 10 points, light-emitting diode [LED] treatment) or placebo intervention and performed the repeated-sprint test. The repeated-sprint test consisted of ten 30-m sprints with 1 change of direction (15 + 15 m), interspersed by 30 seconds of passive recovery. Sprint times and heart rate responses were monitored during the test. To compare moments and conditions, linear mixed-effects models were applied with statistical significance set at p < 0.05, and Cohen's d was used as effect size (ES). The LED treatment could not improve total time (p = 0.662; ES = −0.06), best time (p = 0.869; ES = 0.02), fatigue index (p = 0.169; ES = 0.64), or sprint decrement (p = 0.124; ES = −0.75) when compared with the placebo condition. In addition, mean heart rate (p = 0.687; ES = 0.07) and maximal heart rate (p = 0.837; ES = −0.03) were similar between conditions. We concluded that the LED condition could not improve the repeated-sprint ability of professional basketball players.
Role of human cartilage glycoprotein-39 and vitamin C in the development and clinical course of knee arthrosis in combination with coronary artery disease, hypertension, dyslipidemia, cholelithiasis
Authors: Ktsoeva A. A. , Albegova Z. A. , Kupeeva A. M. 
Published: January 2022

Aim. To study the role of human cartilage glycoprotein-39 (HC gp-39) and vitamin C in the development and clinical course of knee arthrosis (gonarthrosis) in combination with coronary artery disease (CAD), hypertension (HTN), dyslipidemia, cholelithiasis, depending on inflammatory changes in the joints, X-ray stage, pain intensity and the degree of joints’ functional impairment.Material and methods. We examined 140 patients with gonarthrosis in combination with CAD, HTN, dyslipidemia, cholelithiasis, who were treated in the rheumatology department of the North Ossetian State Medical Academy. In all patients, the main clinical parameters of gonarthrosis were assessed, and the content of HC gp-39, vitamin C, C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and serum lipids was determined.Results. An increase in HC gp-39 levels was revealed in all examined patients. The highest rate of HC gp-39 was found in patients with X-ray stage III arthrosis, especially with reactive synovitis. A decrease in blood serum concentration of vitamin C was revealed depending on gonarthrosis stage. A significant correlation was noted between HC gp-39 level and main clinical indices of gonarthrosis, as well as CRP, ESR, cholesterol, atherogenic coefficient, and vitamin C.Conclusion. Changes in the levels of HC gp-39, vitamin C, CRP and lipid profile reflect the inflammation severity, which is an important component of the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis, atherosclerosis, and cholelithiasis.
Flow Cytometric DNA Ploidy Analysis in Haemato-Lymphoid Neoplasms: An Analysis of 132 Cases
Authors: Gupta Nishit , Mittal Aditi , Dadu Tina , Choudhary Dharma , Handoo Anil 
Published: January 2022

Background: FxCycleTM Violet (FCV) based flow cytometric (FCM) DNA ploidy analysis is a rapid and simple tool that can substantiate in characterizing the biological behaviour across the spectrum of haematological malignancies and correlates with cytogenetic studies.
Materials and Methods: In this prospective study, we performed simultaneous immunophenotyping with FCV based on ploidy analysis in n=132 consecutive new samples, comprising n=110 samples of haemato-lymphoid neoplasms, including acute leukemias (n=67, 60.9%), CML with myeloid blast crisis (n=1, 0.9%), MDS with excess blasts (n=2, 1.8%), mature B cell/ T cell neoplasms (n=37, 33.7%), multiple myeloma (n=3, 2.7%) along with n=22 normal samples. The FCM DNA data was compared with corresponding conventional karyotyping results, wherever available.
Results: In FCM ploidy analysis (n=110), the overall DNA index (DI) ranged from 0.81 to 2.17 and S-Phase fraction (SPF) from 0.1-31.6%. Diploidy was seen in n = 90 (81.8%), low-hyperdiploidy in n = 10 (9.1%), high-hyperdiploidy in n = 7 (6.4%) with one case each (0.9% each) having near-tetraploidy, high-hypodiploidy and low-hypodiploidy. The DI of all viable cell populations in normal samples ranged from 0.96-1.05. Conventional karyotyping was performed in n=76/110 cases (70%) with n= 11/76 (15%) culture failures. The modal chromosome number ranged from 45 to 63. A concordance of 95.4% (n=62/65) was noted with corresponding FCM DI.
Conclusion: FCV-based ploidy is a sensitive technique that provides complementary information and ascertains a strong correlation with conventional cytogenetics across all haemato-lymphoid neoplasms. It can detect aneuploidy in all B-ALL and myeloma cases, even in hemodiluted samples with cytogenetic culture failure; supplement the diagnoses of erythroleukemia, and provide a useful screen for a higher grade lymph node disease in lymphoma cases with SPF > 3%.
Uncovering Important Drivers of the Increase in the Use of Virtual Care Technologies in Nursing Care: Quantitative Analysis From the 2020 National Survey of Canadian Nurses
Authors: Beauséjour Waldo , Hagens Simon 
Published: January 2022

Background
Canadian nurses are at the forefront of patient care delivery. Although the use of digital health technologies for care delivery is gaining momentum in Canada, nurses are encouraged to integrate virtual care into their practice. In early 2020, more Canadian nurses delivered care virtually compared with 3 years ago.

Objective
This study seeks to uncover the professional characteristics of Canadian nurses accessing virtual care in 2020, understand how these characteristics differ across types of technologies, investigate whether the nurses accessing virtual care possess the skills and knowledge needed to use these technologies, and determine the important drivers of the uptake of virtual care observed in 2020.

Methods
We used data from the 2017 and 2020 National Survey of Canadian Nurses. This survey collected data on the use of digital health technologies in nursing practice. It concerned regulated nursing professionals working in different health care settings and from different domains of nursing practice. We combined the chi-square independence test and logistic regression analysis to uncover the most relevant drivers of virtual care uptake by nurses in 2020.

Results
In early 2020, before the declaration of the COVID-19 pandemic, nurses who delivered care virtually were predominantly nurse practitioners (135/159, 84.9%) and more likely to work in a primary or community care setting (202/367, 55%) and in an urban setting (194/313, 61.9%). Factors such as nursing designation (P<.001), perceived quality of care at the health facility where the nurses practiced (P<.001), and the type of patient record–keeping system they had access to (P=.04) had a statistically significant effect on the probability of nurses to deliver care virtually in early 2020. Furthermore, nurses’ perception of the quality of care they delivered through virtual technologies was statistically associated with their perception of the skills (χ24=308.7; P<.001) and knowledge (χ24=283.4; P<.001) to use these technologies.

Conclusions
This study emphasizes the critical importance of nursing designation, geographic location, and type of patient record–keeping system in predicting virtual care integration in nursing practice. The findings related to geographic location can be used by decision-makers for better allocation of digital health resources among care settings in rural and urban areas. Similarly, the disparities observed across nursing designations have some implications for the digital training of nurses at all levels of practice. Finally, the association between electronic medical record use and uptake of virtual care could accelerate the implementation of more modernized record-keeping systems in care settings. Hence, this could advance interoperability and improve health care delivery.