bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Status of Rural Entrepreneurs in Post Pandemic Situation: A Study in Selected Blocks in Nadia District of West Bengal, India
Authors: Das Anirban , Pal Biswajit 
Published: September 2022

India is a rural-based country. The economic development of our country is largely dependent on the development of the rural sector. In rural areas, people are shifting their source of income from agriculture to entrepreneurship. According to Micro Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME), the registration portal for entrepreneurs has registered more than 51% of rural entrepreneurs so far, but the rural entrepreneurs are deprived in many ways. They are facing different challenges due to not having proper educational qualifications, lack of skills, insufficient capital, lack of management skills, and various others.
The research paper asserted the present status of rural entrepreneurs after the pandemic. The aim of the research was to study the socio-economic profile, entrepreneurship profile, the impact of lockdown, and psychological factors associated with rural entrepreneurship. In this study, Ranaghat-II and Chakdaha Blocks of Nadia district in West Bengal were selected purposively. 15 rural entrepreneurs from each block were selected as samples and data were collected from 30 respondents by using a semi-structured interview schedule. Various aspects of business, their socio-economic condition, entrepreneur's profile, the impact of lockdown on their enterprises and psychological impact have been studied. It has been found that most of the rural entrepreneurs know about different govt facilities related to MSME and SIDBI but did not get any support from the govt schemes during the period of lockdown. A major section of the entrepreneurs (88 %) faced uncertainty in their livelihood and faced psychological problems due to different adverse entrepreneur situations that arose during the lockdown period. Rural entrepreneurship is still very much deprived. Despite having government schemes, they were not able to get that. They need more skill-based training, financial support and managerial assistance and also more women’s participation in this field will boost the rural economy as a whole.
Black‐and‐white thinking and conspiracy beliefs prevent parents from vaccinating their children against COVID‐19
Authors: Iannello Paola , Colautti Laura , Magenes Sara , Antonietti Alessandro , Cancer Alice 
Published: September 2022

AbstractUnderstanding predictors of parents' willingness to vaccinate their children appears fundamental to promote vaccine acceptability, especially in a pandemic scenario. The present study aimed to investigate the role of conspiracy beliefs and absolutist thinking in parental attitude toward COVID‐19 vaccine, and the predictive role of parents' individual differences on decisions against children's vaccination. An online survey was administered to 415 parents of children aged 5–11, at the very beginning of the vaccination targeting this population in Italy. Results showed that absolutism predicted the tendency to believe in conspiracies, associated with a negative attitude toward the COVID‐19 vaccine administration to children. Moreover, mothers were less willing to vaccinate children and parents of children aged 5–7 were more hesitant, or even against vaccination, than parents of older children. Finally, the worry about consequences of COVID‐19 infection on children's health facilitated vaccine adherence. These findings contribute to deepening mechanisms regarding the vaccine acceptability.
Protease‐Sensitive, VEGF‐Mimetic Peptide, and IKVAV Laminin‐Derived Peptide Sequences within Elastin‐Like Recombinamer Scaffolds Provide Spatiotemporally Synchronized Guidance of Angiogenesis and Neurogenesis
Authors: González‐Pérez Fernando , Alonso Matilde , González de Torre Israel , Santos Mercedes , Rodríguez‐Cabello José Carlos 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSpatiotemporal control of vascularization and innervation is a desired hallmark in advanced tissue regeneration. For this purpose, we design a 3D model scaffold, based on elastin‐like recombinamer (ELR) hydrogels. This contains two interior and well‐defined areas, small cylinders, with differentiated bioactivities with respect to the bulk. Both are constructed on a protease sensitive ELR with a fast‐proteolyzed domain, but one bears a VEGF‐mimetic peptide (QK) and the other a laminin‐derived pentapeptide (IKVAV), to promote angiogenesis and neurogenesis, respectively. The outer bulk is based on a slow proteolytic sequence and RGD cell adhesion domains. In vitro studies show the effect of QK and IKVAV peptides on the promotion of endothelial cell and axon spreading, respectively. The subcutaneous implantation of the final 3D scaffold demonstrates the ability to spatiotemporally control angiogenesis and neurogenesis in vivo. Specifically, the inner small cylinder containing the QK peptide promotes fast endothelialization, whereas the one with IKVAV peptide promotes fast neurogenesis. Both, vascularization and innervation take place in advance of the bulk scaffold infiltration. This scaffold shows that it is possible to induce vascularization and innervation in predetermined areas of the scaffold well ahead to the bulk infiltration. That significantly increases the efficiency of the regenerative activity.
A Versatile Approach to Create Nanobubbles on Arbitrary Two‐Dimensional Materials for Imaging Exciton Localization
Authors: Chen Yulong , Song Penghui , Wang Chen , Zhang Miao , Hu Kaiming , Tian Ziao , Su Weitao , Chu Paul K. , Zhang Wenming , Di Zengfeng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractStrained 2D materials with lattice deformation have the optimal band structure, lattice vibration, and thermal conductivity and various methods have been proposed to introduce strain into 2D materials. However, the creation of localized strain in arbitrary 2D materials in predesigned areas is difficult and challenging. Herein, a versatile approach to creating on‐demand nanobubbles on five different 2D materials using a functional atomic force microscopy (AFM) tip is described. Strain‐induced redshifts are observed from the Raman scattering and photoluminescence (PL) spectra of the 2D materials in the region with the nanobubble arrays. In addition, the localized exciton state is observed from the periphery of a steep WS2 nanobubble by high‐resolution nano‐photoluminescence and is supported by theoretical simulation. These results demonstrate a programmable and reliable method to create localized strain in different 2D materials and pave the way for nanoscale strain engineering of 2D materials to cater to different applications.
Brønsted Acid Promoted Sulfenylacyloxylation of Alkynes: Access to 4‐Sulfenylisocoumarins
Authors: Saha Arijit , Ramesh E. , Sahoo Akhila K. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPresented herein is the Brønsted acid (MsOH) mediated electrophilic sulfenylacyloxylation of o‐alkynylbenzoates via alkyne activation by in‐situ formed sulfonium cations from bench‐stable N‐thioaryl/alkyl‐succinimides followed by the intramolecular regioselective cyclization. The transformation provides access to structurally diverse 4‐sulfenylisocoumarins in 77–98% yields with broad functional group compatibility. The reaction scalability and reusability of phthalimide protecting group make this protocol synthetically viable.magnified image
Genome‐wide characterization of the terpene synthase gene family in Ricinus communis and its transcriptional regulation under heat stress
Authors: Silva de Oliveira Jonhenes , Gomes Neto Valdir , Bruno Loureiro Marta , Ribeiro Paulo Roberto 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTerpene synthase (TPS) genes are responsible for producing highly specialized metabolites that assist in the plant's response to biotic and abiotic stresses, ecological signaling, and the regulation of homeostasis. Ricinus communis L. is an important oilseed crop that can grow in harsh environments and still display good yield. Thus, we aimed at characterizing the TPS gene family in R. communis and its transcriptional regulation under heat stress. For that, bioinformatics and transcriptomics were used to characterize the R. communis TPS (RcTPS) family and to pinpoint potential candidate genes for further genomics studies focused on stress‐related agronomic problems. The R. communis genome possesses 46 TPS genes that were characterized by extensive bioinformatics, including phylogenetic analysis, subcellular localization, exon and intron distribution, and transcriptional regulatory regions. All 46 genes contained C‐ and N‐terminal Pfam domains (PF01397 and PF03936) characteristics of the TPS enzymes. These genes also showed the conserved motifs DDXXD, DXDD, NSE/DTE, and RRX8W. The TPS sequences were aligned with several model plant species, and the presence of the canonical motif DDXXD amongst them indicates that TPS genes were highly conserved during plant evolution. Transcriptomics indicated that 37 RcTPS genes are readily responsive to high‐temperature stress because they showed higher expression levels in seedlings growing at 35 °C compared with those growing at 20 and 25 °C. Altogether, TPS genes are potential candidates for genome editing techniques to develop abiotic stress‐tolerant crops.
Cryptic species diversity in a widespread neotropical tree genus: The case ofCedrela odorata
Authors: Finch Kristen N. , Jones F. Andrew , Cronn Richard C. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPremiseReconciling the use of taxonomy to partition morphological variation and describe genetic divergence within and among closely related species is a persistent challenge in phylogenetics. We reconstructed phylogenetic relationships amongCedrela odorata(Meliaceae) and five closely allied species to test the genetic basis for the current model of species delimitation in this economically valuable and threatened genus.MethodsWe prepared a nuclear species tree with the program SNPhylo and 16,000 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms from 168Cedrelaspecimens. Based on clades present and ancestral patterns ADMIXTURE, we designed nine species delimitation models and compared each model to current taxonomy with Bayes factor delimitation. Timing of major lineage divergences was estimated with the program SNAPP.ResultsThe resulting analysis revealed that modernC. odorataevolved from two genetically distinct ancestral sources. All species delimitation models tested better fit the data than the model representing current taxonomic delimitation. Models with the greatest marginal likelihoods separated MesoamericanC. odorataand South AmericanC. odoratainto two species and lumpedC. angustifoliaandC. montanaas a single species. We estimated thatCedreladiversified in South America within the last 19 million years following one or more dispersal events from Mesoamerican lineages.ConclusionsOur analyses show that the present taxonomic understanding within the genus obscures divergent lineages inC. odoratadue in part to morphological differentiation and taxonomic distinctions that are not predictably associated with genetic divergence. A more accurate application of taxonomy toC. odorataand related species may aid in its conservation, management, and restoration efforts.
Recent Advances in N‐Hyrdoxypthalimide: As a Free Radical Initiator and its Applications
Authors: Bhardwaj Monika , Grover Parul , Rasool Bisma , Mukherjee Debaraj 
Published: September 2022

AbstractN‐Hydroxypthalimide (NHPI) has become a powerful and versatile organocatalyst, it has been known to catalyze various free‐radical processes leading to the wide range of organic transformations. Primarily, phthalimido‐N‐oxyl (PINO) radical formed from NHPI is highly efficient abstraction species for carrying out radical chain reactions. In this review, we have discussed about the most important and successful reactions from last six years, with their plausible reaction mechanisms. This review broadly covers the type of bond formation such as carbon‐carbon, carbon‐oxygen and carbon‐nitrogen bond formations. We have also highlighted various types of reaction strategies where in combination with divergent reagent systems it helps to construct different types of molecules which further find applications in the synthesis of complex set of biologically active molecule. NHPI catalyzed oxidation reactions of different class of organic compounds are also reviewed.
Divergent Auto‐oxidative Alkylation and Alkanoacylation of Quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones with Aliphatic Aldehydes
Authors: Li Yuan , Fu Zitong , Shen Yawei , Zhu Jie , Luo Kai , Wu Lei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAuto‐oxidation of aliphatic aldehydes generates alkyl radicals and alkanoyl radicals, which can be intercepted to generate carbon‐carbon bonds. However, the highly reactive and unstable radical intermediates make the controlling selectivity alkylation and alkanoacylation especially challenging. Herein, we report a sustainable and controllable protocol for the auto‐oxidative alkylation and alkanoacylation of quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones with good reactivity and selectivity. This protocol was presented in a green and sustainable manner, using oxygen as the only oxidant, avoiding the use of catalysts and explosive oxidants. It offers a new paradigm for a convenient, green synthesis of alkyl and alkanoyl compounds from abundant aliphatic aldehydes.
Characterization of SHARPIN knockout Syrian hamsters developed using CRISPR/Cas9 system
Authors: Miao Jinxin , Lan Tianfeng , Guo Haoran , Wang Jianyao , Zhang Guangtao , Wang Zheng , Yang Panpan , Li Haoze , Zhang Chunyang , Wang Yaohe , Li Xiu‐Min , Miao Mingsan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundSHARPIN (SHANK‐associated RH domain interactor) is a component of the linear ubiquitination complex that regulates the NF‐κB signaling pathway. To better understand the function of SHARPIN, we sought to establish a novel genetically engineered Syrian hamster with SHARPIN disruption using the CRISPR/Cas9 system.MethodsA single‐guide ribonucleic acid targeting exon 1 of SHARPIN gene was designed and constructed. The zygotes generated by cytoplasmic injection of the Cas9/gRNA ribonucleoprotein were transferred into pseudopregnant hamsters. Neonatal mutants were identified by genotyping. SHARPIN protein expression was detected using Western blotting assay. Splenic, mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs), and thymic weights were measured, and organ coefficients were calculated. Histopathological examination of the spleen, liver, lung, small intestine, and esophagus was performed independently by a pathologist. The expression of lymphocytic markers and cytokines was evaluated using reverse transcriptase‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction.ResultsAll the offspring harbored germline‐transmitted SHARPIN mutations. Compared with wild‐type hamsters, SHARPIN protein was undetectable in SHARPIN−/− hamsters. Spleen enlargement and splenic coefficient elevation were spotted in SHARPIN−/− hamsters, with the descent of MLNs and thymuses. Further, eosinophil infiltration and structural alteration in spleens, livers, lungs, small intestines, and esophagi were obvious after the deletion of SHARPIN. Notably, the expression of CD94 and CD22 was downregulated in the spleens of knockout (KO) animals. Nonetheless, the expression of CCR3, CCL11, Il4, and Il13 was upregulated in the esophagi. The expression of NF‐κB and phosphorylation of NF‐κB and IκB protein significantly diminished in SHARPIN−/− animals.ConclusionsA novel SHARPIN KO hamster was successfully established using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Abnormal development of secondary lymphoid organs and eosinophil infiltration in multiple organs reveal its potential in delineating SHARPIN function and chronic inflammation.
Engineering Transport Properties in Interconnected Enargite‐Stannite Type Cu2+xMn1−xGeS4 Nanocomposites
Authors: Pavan Kumar V. , Passuti S. , Zhang B. , Fujii S. , Yoshizawa K. , Boullay P. , Le Tonquesse S. , Prestipino C. , Raveau B. , Lemoine P. , Paecklar A. , Barrier N. , Zhou X. , Yoshiya M. , Suekuni K. , Guilmeau E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the mechanisms that connect heat and electron transport with crystal structures and defect chemistry is fundamental to develop materials with thermoelectric properties. In this work, we synthesized a series of self‐doped compounds Cu2+xMn1−xGeS4 through Cu for Mn substitution. Using a combination of powder X‐ray diffraction, high resolution transmission electron microscopy and precession‐assisted electron diffraction tomography, we evidence that the materials are composed of interconnected enargite‐ and stannite‐type structures, via the formation of nanodomains with a high density of coherent interfaces. By combining experiments with ab initio electron and phonon calculations, we discuss the structure–thermoelectric properties relationships and clarify the interesting crystal chemistry in this system. We demonstrate that excess Cu+ substituted for Mn2+ dopes holes into the top of the valence band, leading to a remarkable enhancement of the power factor and figure of merit ZT.
Bottom‐Up Preparation of Twisted Graphene Nanoribbons by Cu‐Catalyzed Deoxygenative Coupling
Authors: Gao Yuan , Hua Xinqiang , Jiang Wei , Sun Chun‐Lin , Yuan Chengshan , Liu Zitong , Zhang Hao‐Li , Shao Xiangfeng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGraphene nanoribbons (GNRs) are promising in organic optoelectronic materials, and their properties largely depend on the size, edge, and conformation. Herein, the fully armchair‐edged GNRs (AGNRs) with lengths up to 2.65 nm by using a Cu‐catalyzed deoxygenative coupling as a key step. The resulting AGNRs (2HBT, 3HBT, and 4HBT) possess highly twisted π‐scaffolds, and the torsion angles between the adjacent triphenylene moieties are larger than 32°, as proved by crystallographic analyses. Theoretical and spectroscopic studies show that the butoxy groups endow AGNRs with electron‐rich features, the extension of the π‐system from 2HBT to 4HBT reinforces S0→S1 excitation, and the distortion of the π‐scaffold enhances the fluorescence quantum yield (ΦF). In particular, 4HBT has the lowest oxidation potential (Eox1=0.55 V vs. SCE) and displays red fluorescence with a ΦF value of 81 %.
Vom inerten zum katalytisch aktiven Mahlmedium: Galvanostatische Beschichtung für direkte Mechanokatalyse
Authors: Wohlgemuth Maximilian , Mayer Maike , Rappen Marisol , Schmidt Fabian , Saure Roman , Grätz Sven , Borchardt Lars 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDie inerten Mahlkugeln, die üblicherweise bei mechanochemischen Reaktionen verwendet werden, wurden mit Pd beschichtet und als Katalysator in der direkten mechanokatalytischen Suzuki‐Reaktion eingesetzt. Mit hohen Ausbeuten (>80 %) können die Mahlkugeln in Abwesenheit von Lösungsmitteln, Liganden, Katalysatormolekülen und ‐pulvern mehrfach recycelt werden, wobei nur 0,8 mg Pd pro beschichteter Mahlkugel benötigt werden. Neben der Beschichtungsreihenfolge, wurde zudem das Trägermaterial und die Schichtdicke untersucht, um eine hohe Katalysatorretention, einen geringen Abrieb und einen hohen Umsatz zu erzielen. Der Ansatz wurde auf die Beschichtung von Mahlbechern übertragen, um das Zusammenspiel von katalytisch verfügbarer Oberfläche und mechanischer Energieeinwirkung bei der direkten Mechanokatalyse aufzuzeigen.
2,4,6‐Trimethylpyridine‐Derived Vinylene‐Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks for Confined Catalytic Esterification
Authors: Meng Fancheng , Bi Shuai , Sun Zuobang , Wu Dongqing , Zhang Fan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractKnoevenagel condensation is a powerful tool for the construction of vinylene‐linked covalent organic frameworks. Herein, we established a concise approach to vinylene‐linked COFs by Knoevenagel condensation at the multi‐methyl groups of a pyridine ring through in situ formation of an N‐acyl pyridinium cation in the presence of various acylating reagents. Following this strategy, two vinylene‐linked COFs were constructed using 2,4,6‐trimethylpyridine and multi‐aldehyde‐substituted aromatic derivatives as monomers. The resultant COFs are highly crystalline and assembled into hexagonal lattices with specific surface areas as large as 1915 m2 g−1 (vs. 1972 m2 g−1 of the theoretical value). The stable and abundant pyridine‐decorated regular nanochannels within the COFs allow for catalyzing the esterification of several pharmaceutical intermediates with distinct spatially confined selectivity and recyclability, representing an environmentally friendly catalytic organic transformation.
A Pyridine‐StabilizedN‐PhosphinoamidinatoN‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Diboravinyl Cation: Boron Analogue of Vinyl Cation
Authors: Fan Jun , Chia Pei‐Ting , Zhang Zheng‐Feng , Yang Ming‐Chung , Su Ming‐Der , So Cheuk‐Wai 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA boron analogue of vinyl cation, pyridine‐stabilizedN‐phosphinoamidinatoN‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC)‐diboravinyl cation2+, was synthesized by displacement of bromide in diborene1with excess pyridine. Experimental and computational studies showed that the positive charge is mainly at the B−B skeleton with delocalization to the pyridine ligand. One of the main modes of reactivity is through the B=B double bond alongside activation of the pyridine substituent, where the Bpyridinecenter is the predominant nucleophilic center and the predominant electrophilic center is either the activated pyridine para position or the BNHCcenter, illustrating the presence of diborene cationA, borylene‐borenium cationBand diborene‐pyridinium cationCresonance structures in cation2+.
A facile method for synthesis of novel phenyl phosphates flame retardants and their application in epoxy resin
Authors: Guo Yong , Rong Hu , Yu Yuan , Chen Tingting , Chen Zhongwei , Suo Yifan , Zhang Qingwu , Li Changxin , Jiang Juncheng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPiperazinyl phenyl phosphate (PPOP) and 4,4‐diaminodiphenylmethyl phenyl phosphate (DPOA) containing phosphorus and nitrogen elements as flame retardants applied for epoxy resin (EP) were successfully synthesized, and substantiated by Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), 1H and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and elemental analysis (EA). The limiting oxygen index (LOI) of the EP composites with 3 wt% of PPOP and DPOA attained 33.6% and 34.2%, both acquired the UL‐94 V‐0 rating, respectively. The peak of heat release rate (pHRR), the total heat release (THR) and the total smoke production (TSP) of EP/PPOP‐1 decreased by 21.0%, 25.6%, and 18.7%, respectively. For EP/DPOA‐1, the pHRR, THR, and TSP were brought down by 23.5%, 21.8%, and 26.4%, respectively. Flame‐retardant mechanisms were explicitly evaluated by the scanning electron microscope (SEM), Raman spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis‐infrared spectrometry (TG‐IR). This proposed method not only could produce efficient flame retardant for EP but provide new ideas for replacing existing halogenated flame retardants.
The tracts, cytoarchitecture, and neurochemistry of the spinal cord
Authors: Tan Sheryl , Faull Richard L. M. , Curtis Maurice A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe human spinal cord can be described using a range of nomenclatures with each providing insight into its structure and function. Here we have comprehensively reviewed the key literature detailing the general structure, configuration of tracts, the cytoarchitecture of Rexed's laminae, and the neurochemistry at the spinal segmental level. The purpose of this review is to detail current anatomical understanding of how the spinal cord is structured and to aid researchers in identifying gaps in the literature that need to be studied to improve our knowledge of the spinal cord which in turn will improve the potential of therapeutic intervention for disorders of the spinal cord.