bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of acoustic and optokinetic stimulus on the postural stability
Authors: Hojan‐Jezierska Dorota , Kawałkiewicz Weronika , Peeckhaus Agata , Marcinkowska‐Gapińska Anna , Urbaniak‐Olejnik Marta , Majewska Anna , Loba Wawrzyniec , Stieler Olgierd , Kubisz Leszek 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectivesThis article addresses the question of whether the simultaneous auditory and optokinetic stimulation affects the postural stability differently than only the stimulation with a single auditory or optokinetic stimulus.MethodsThe study involved 30 volunteers. The postural stability was evaluated by means of the posturography platform, which allows for both stable and dynamic posturography tests as well as for applying optokinetic stimulus. Three series of measurements were performed in each patient: measurements on an only with the optokinetic stimulus, measurements using only the acoustic stimulus, and finally measurements with both stimuli applied simultaneously.ResultsThe results indicate that there are statistically significant differences in the findings obtained with the simultaneous auditory and visual stimulation and the observed results with only one of the stimuli on the dynamic platform. Hence, on the basis of the results obtained, it is possible to conclude that the acoustic stimulus has the potential to help maintain a stable posture. However, this process is not sufficiently compensated with the optokinetic stimulation alone.ConclusionThe sense of sight may be essential for the maintenance of a stable posture. The presence of a sound stimulus improves the postural stability, although this improvement does not compensate for the disturbance caused by the optokinetic stimulus. Hence, functioning of auditory and visual system can influence patients posture.Level of Evidence4
Integrating multibeam echosounder water‐column data into benthic habitat mapping
Authors: Porskamp Peter , Schimel Alexandre C. G. , Young Mary , Rattray Alex , Ladroit Yoann , Ierodiaconou Daniel 
Published: June 2022

AbstractKelp forests worldwide are under increasing pressure from anthropogenic impacts including kelp harvesting, pollution, and higher sea surface temperatures due to climate change. Accurate mapping of these habitat types is required to inform effective conservation policies. We show that adding the acoustic energy from the multibeam echosounder water‐column data immediately above the seafloor as a variable in models of the distribution of benthic marine habitats can significantly improve the accuracy of the resulting maps, specifically for habitat categories that include large species of macroalgae on shallow subtidal reefs. Observations from a comprehensive towed‐video survey were used as ground‐truth and classified according to a hierarchical marine biotope classification scheme. The multibeam echosounder water‐column data were processed into a 2D layer akin to a seafloor backscatter mosaic, but instead representing the average acoustic energy in a layer 0–1 m above the seabed, excluding the echo from the seafloor itself and after filtering the specular artifact. Including this “water‐column mosaic” in models increased the maps' overall accuracy by up to 1.18 percent points and improved producer accuracies for habitats that contained macroalgae by up to 2.95 percent points. With increasing pressure on temperate macroalgal communities arising from warming oceans, our work provides a timely advance for mapping these critical habitats and monitoring changes in their distribution.
Mass spectrometry‐based retina proteomics
Authors: Prokai Laszlo , Zaman Khadiza , Prokai‐Tatrai Katalin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA subfield of neuroproteomics, retina proteomics has experienced a transformative growth since its inception due to methodological advances in enabling chemical, biochemical, and molecular biology techniques. This review focuses on mass spectrometry's contributions to facilitate mammalian and avian retina proteomics to catalog and quantify retinal protein expressions, determine their posttranslational modifications, as well as its applications to study the proteome of the retina in the context of biology, health and diseases, and therapy developments.
(Re)presentation of dental wear for ethical consideration: Analysis of a digital how‐to guide
Authors: Lagan Emma M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectivesUsing photographs of human remains, including bones and teeth, in publications may have unethical implications when considering descendant communities. In the United States, many museums in deference to agreement with descendent communities prohibit publication of photos. In order to convey specific information to audiences and respect the wishes of descendent communities, authors should turn to digital illustrations, where appropriate. This article seeks to demonstrate that, regardless of skill or experience with digital illustration software, this technique is accessible to all researchers.Materials and MethodsForty participants completed a tutorial on digitizing a mandibular molar with wear and caries. Each participant was provided the same base image and instructions. Participants had various levels of experience with (1) human remains, (2) dentition, and (3) digital illustration software. All participants used the opensource freeware program, Krita.ResultsA majority of participants (75%) took 30 to 90 min to complete the exercise; 25 illustrations were produced and showed strong similarities in occlusal outline, occlusal fissures, and dentine exposure. There was a 3.56% (± 0.93%) discrepancy in total tooth outline between participants' outlines (n = 23) and the author's reference image. The average participant satisfaction with their final image was 3.73 (out of 5), and the average user‐friendly rating was 4.2 (out of 5).DiscussionThe consistency of illustrations across participants, as well as the satisfactory self‐ratings, demonstrates that digital illustrations, regardless of experience with illustration programs, are accessible to researchers. As a result, more authors should consider replacing photographs of human remains with digital illustrations in publications. While this technique can, and should, be used across any population, the implementation may be one step along a path of a more inclusive anthropology.
A child left behind: Malnutrition and chronic illness of a child from the Erie County Poorhouse Cemetery
Authors: Byrnes Jennifer F. , Muller Jennifer L. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis osteobiography describes a probable disease co‐occurrence in a juvenile interred in the Erie County Poorhouse (ECPH) cemetery, Buffalo, New York. The remains were associated with a salvage excavation project at the University at Buffalo. The osteobiography details the palaeopathology of the skeletal remains of an 11‐ to 12‐year‐old child who died between 1851 and 1913 at the ECPH. The skeleton displayed lesion patterning consistent with co‐occurrence of healing scurvy, probable tuberculosis or another type of chronic bacterial infection, and possibly other metabolic disorders via co‐morbidity or co‐occurrence. In 19th‐century Buffalo, New York, a child with these pathologies, and their associated functional limitations, was likely disabled by society. This may have contributed to the child's stay in the ECPH and ultimate interment in its associated cemetery. The palaeopathology community will find the lesion manifestations insightful when attempting to diagnose co‐occurrence via skeletal remains in children. We were limited in the certainty of our diagnoses due to the pathological skeletal manifestations and preservation of the vertebral column, inability to conduct histological analyses, reburial of material in 2017, and thus no photos/radiographs of certain diagnostic items. Considerations about how age intersects with pathology can lead to insightful investigations of disability and impairment in the past.
Untargeted metabolomics study and identification of potential biomarkers in the six sections of the genus Stachys L. (Lamiaceae) using HPLC‐MQ‐API‐MS/MS
Authors: Mohammadi Mozhgan , Kharazian Navaz 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe genus Stachys L., belonging to the family Lamiaceae, is one of the largest genera with remarkable medicinal properties. Plants of this genus produce a broad range of secondary metabolites.ObjectivesDue to the incomplete comprehensive assessment of chemical profiles in Stachys species, we conducted an untargeted metabolomics study and identified potential biomarkers in the six sections of Stachys with chemotaxonomic importance.Material and MethodsDried leaves of 17 taxa were utilized for analysis of all the constituents using HPLC‐MQ‐API‐MS. The obtained data were processed and analyzed using multivariate statistical methods, including heatmaps, PLS‐DA score plots, functional analysis of metabolic pathways, metabolite set enrichment analysis, and biomarker and network analysis.ResultsAmong the 129 metabolites, 111 flavonoids and 18 non‐flavonoids were recognized. The most represented flavonoids, including 41 flavones and 20 flavonols, displayed remarkable abundance. In non‐flavonoid compounds, a total of six coumarins and six phenolic acids were present at high levels. In terms of approved markers in six sections, 76 chemical compounds, mainly flavonoids, coumarins, quinic acids, and cinnamic acids, were identified as potential biomarkers or chemotaxonomic indicators. Accordingly, the taxonomic complexities of some Stachys species in sections Fragilicaulis, Aucheriana, and Setifolia were properly resolved.ConclusionAn HPLC‐MS/MS‐based metabolomics approach integrated with multivariate statistical methods was employed to identify (1) valuable markers and analyze metabolic diversity and (2) predict the pharmaceutical properties of Stachys species. The obtained chemical profiles provide a new perspective for investigation of the Stachys genus.
Antibacterial‐associated acute kidney injury among older adults: A post‐marketing surveillance study using the FDA adverse events reporting system
Authors: Chinzowu Tichawona , Chyou Te‐Yuan , Nishtala Prasad S. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPurposeAntibacterials induce a differential risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) in older adults. This study investigated the reporting risk of AKI associated with antibacterials using the individual case safety reports (ICSRs) submitted to the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database.MethodsA case/non‐case method was used to assess AKI risk associated with antibacterials between 1 January 2000 and 30 September 2021. Cases were ICSRs for antibacterials with AKI as preferred terms included in the Medical Dictionary of Regulatory Activities (MedDRA) system organ classes ‘Renal and urinary disorders’ disorders. The analyses were completed on a de‐duplicated data set containing only the recent version of the ICSR. Signals were defined by a lower 95% confidence interval (CI) of reporting odds ratio (ROR) ≥ 2, proportional reporting ratio (PRR) ≥ 2, information component (IC) > 0, Empirical Bayes Geometric Mean (EBGM) > 1 and reports ≥4. Sensitivity analyses were conducted a priori to assess the robustness of signals.ResultsA total of 3 680 621 reports on ADEs were retrieved from FAERS over the study period, of which 92 194 were antibacterial reports. Gentamicin, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim and vancomycin consistently gave strong signals of disproportionality on all four disproportionality measures and across the different sensitivity analyses: gentamicin (ROR = 2.95[2.51–3.46]), sulfamethoxazole (ROR = 2.97[2.68–3.29]), trimethoprim (ROR = 2.81[2.29–3.46]) and vancomycin (ROR = 3.35[3.08–3.64]).ConclusionSignals for gentamicin, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim and vancomycin were confirmed by using antibacterials as a comparator, adjusting for drug‐related competition bias and event‐related competition bias.
Validation of international classification of diseases, tenth revision, clinical modification diagnosis codes for heart failure subtypes
Authors: Pocobelli Gaia , Ichikawa Laura , Yu Onchee , Green Beverly B. , Meyers Kelly , Gray Regan , Shea Mary , Chubak Jessica 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPurposeTo estimate the positive predictive value (PPV) of International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD‐10‐CM) diagnosis codes for identifying HF subtypes.MethodsWe validated ICD‐10‐CM HF diagnosis codes among Kaiser Permanente Washington enrollees who were ≥18 years of age and had an ICD‐10‐CM HF diagnosis code during 2017–2018 and a procedure code for an echocardiogram in the 12 months before through 6 months after the HF code. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ascertained from medical chart review was used as the gold standard for classifying patients as having reduced ejection fraction (rEF), mid‐range ejection fraction (mEF), or preserved ejection fraction (pEF).ResultsAmong 6194 eligible patients, we randomly sampled 1000 for medical chart review. A total of 974 patients had LVEF information in their chart. The ICD‐10‐CM HF code group with the highest PPV for rEF was I50.20‐I50.23, “Systolic (congestive) heart failure,” PPV = 41.4% (95% CI, 34.5–48.7%); and the highest PPV for mEF or rEF was also I50.20‐I50.23, PPV = 70.2% (95% CI, 63.1–76.4%). The highest PPV for pEF was the I50.30‐I50.33 group, “Diastolic (congestive) heart failure,” PPV = 92.0% (95% CI, 88.1–94.7%); and the highest PPV for mEF or pEF was also I50.30‐I50.33, PPV = 97.7% (95% CI, 95.1–99.0%).ConclusionsIf the accuracy measure of greatest interest is PPV, our results suggest that ICD‐10‐CM HF codes alone may not be adequate for identifying patients with rEF but may be adequate for identifying patients with pEF. HF coding practices may vary across settings, which may impact generalizability of our findings.
Gene expression and organization of thylakoid protein complexes in the PSII‐less mutant of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803
Authors: Kılıç Mehmet , Gollan Peter J. , Lepistö Anniina , Isojärvi Janne , Sakurai Isamu , Aro Eva‐Mari , Mulo Paula 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPhotosystems I and II (PSI and PSII) are the integral components of the photosynthetic electron transport chain that utilize light to provide chemical energy for CO2 fixation. In this study, we investigated how the deficiency of PSII affects the gene expression, accumulation, and organization of thylakoid protein complexes as well as physiological characteristics of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 by combining biochemical, biophysical, and transcriptomic approaches. RNA‐seq analysis showed upregulated expression of genes encoding the PSII core proteins, and downregulation of genes associated with interaction between light‐harvesting phycobilisomes and PSI. Two‐dimensional separation of thylakoid protein complexes confirmed the lack of PSII complexes, yet unassembled PSII subunits were detected. The content of PsaB representing PSI was lower, while the content of cytochrome b6f complexes was higher in the PSII‐less strain as compared with control (CS). Application of oxygraph measurements revealed higher rates of dark respiration and lower PSI activity in the mutant. The latter likely resulted from the detected decrease in the accumulation of PSI, PSI monomerization, increased proportion of energetically decoupled phycobilisomes in PSII‐less cultures, and low abundance of phycocyanin. Merging the functional consequences of PSII depletion with differential protein and transcript accumulation in the mutant, in comparison to CS, identified signal transduction from the photosynthetic apparatus to the genome level.
CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated saturated mutagenesis of the cotton MIR482 family for dissecting the functionality of individual members in disease response
Authors: Zhu Qian‐Hao , Jin Shuangxia , Yuan Yuman , Liu Qing , Zhang Xianlong , Wilson Iain 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMany genes encoding nucleotide‐binding leucine‐rich repeat receptors (NLRs) are regulated and fine‐tuned by miR482 to balance the trade‐off between disease resistance and growth. Dicotyledonous plants, including cotton, usually have multiple miR482 isoforms. Each miR482 isoform can regulate several NLRs that in turn can be regulated by several different miR482 isoforms. Dissecting the functionality of individual miR482 isoforms in disease response and in balancing the disease resistance and growth trade‐off demands a collection of mutants mutated in individual miR482 members (single or multiple). In this study, we generated such a collection of cotton miR482 mutants using CRISPR/Cas9 (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/Cas9) genome editing and transformation of pooled guide RNAs (gRNAs). In total, 84 T0 plants representing 40 independent transgenic events and harboring mutation in each of the 10 miR482 isoforms were generated. The average editing efficiency of the 18 transformed gRNAs is 75%, ranging from 0 (3 gRNAs) to 100% (8 gRNAs). Most miR482 isoforms have a diverse range of mutations, including small indels (1–44 bp) and substitutions, which are expected to impair biogenesis of miR482. All nine mutant populations used in Verticillium dahliae infection experiments showed a disease index lower than the control, with four being significantly lower. The disease assay also suggests a different role of different miR482 isoforms in disease response and a potential dosage effect of miR482l. The study demonstrates the feasibility of saturation mutagenesis of plant miRNA families with dozens of genetic loci using CRISPR/Cas9 and provides the cotton community a valuable resource for uncovering the miR482‐NLR module(s) underlying the interaction between cotton and different pathogens.
Theoretical investigations on the reactions of criegee intermediates with SO2 to form SO3
Authors: Zhao Hui , Wang Shuangjun , Lu Chenggang , Tang Yizhen , Guan Jing 
Published: June 2022

AbstractUsing quantum chemistry methods, the mechanism, structure‐activity‐relationship, and water effect in the reactions of criegee intermediates (CIs) with SO2 to form SO3 and aldehydes was investigated. Result indicates that S atom added to the terminal O atom in CIs, and one of the O atoms in SO2 added to C center leading to a five‐membered‐ring intermediate, in which the C‐O and O‐O bond cleavage subsequently to give out SO3. Although the barriers reach to be around 90 kJ/mol, the relative energy of transition states is lower than the initial reactants, and thus, this channel is feasible to undergo. With one H atom in CH2OO substituted by methyl group, energy barrier increases slightly; while methyl replaced by larger n‐alkyl group (from C2H5 to n‐C5H11), the energy converged to be 91 kJ/mol. When 1–4 water molecules take part in the reactions of CH2OO, anti‐/syn‐CH3CHOO and (CH3)2COO with SO2, hydrogen‐bond will be formed between H2O molecules and intermediates or transition states. Result shows that three water molecules is feasible for the reactions of CH2OO and syn‐CH3CHOO with SO, while two H2O molecules give out the lowest barrier in the reactions of anti‐CH3CHOO and (CH3)2COO with SO2.
Video game‐based exercise in children and adolescents with non‐cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis: A randomized comparative study of aerobic and breathing exercises
Authors: Ucgun Hikmet , Gurses Hulya Nilgun , Kaya Meltem , Cakır Erkan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundVideo game‐based systems have been proposed to improve effectiveness and compliance with exercise training in children and adolescents with noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis (NCFB). This study aimed to investigate the effects of aerobic and breathing video game‐based exercises (VGE) on pulmonary function, respiratory and peripheral muscle strength, functional capacity, and balance in children and adolescents with NCFB.MethodThirty‐nine children and adolescents aged between 8 and 18 years with NCFB were randomly allocated into three groups as “home‐based chest physiotherapy group” (CP), “aerobic VGE given in addition to home‐based chest physiotherapy group” (CP + aerobic VGE), and “breathing VGE given in addition to home‐based chest physiotherapy group” (CP + breathing VGE). All three groups performed chest physiotherapy program twice a day for 7 days per week for 8 weeks. Pulmonary function, respiratory and peripheral muscle strength, functional capacity, and balance were assessed at baseline and after 8 weeks of training.ResultsThe improvement in maximum expiratory pressure and balance scores were significantly higher in both CP + aerobic and CP + breathing VGE groups. The significant improvement in maximum inspiratory pressure was greater in the CP + breathing VGE group. The changes in peripheral muscle strength and functional capacity were significantly higher in the CP + aerobic VGE group.ConclusionsThe present study showed that aerobic VGE provides additional benefits in improving peripheral muscle strength and functional capacity, while breathing VGE provides further increase in improving respiratory muscle strength. In addition, both aerobic and breathing VGE were effective in improving balance, but they were not superior to each other.
Dupilumab in children with moderate‐to‐severe asthma: A cost utility analysis
Authors: Buendía Jefferson A. , Patiño Diana G. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionDupilumab is an effective and safe medicine for the management of severe asthma. Due to its high cost, concerns are generated regarding its cost‐effectiveness. This study aimed to estimate the cost‐utility of dupilumab plus standard of care (SoC) versus SoC alone in children between 6 and 11 years old with severe asthma and eosinophilic phenotype.MethodsA Markov‐type model was developed to estimate costs and health outcomes of a simulated cohort of pediatric patients with persistent asthma treated over a 6‐year period. To determine the robustness of the model deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted.ResultsThe quality‐adjusted life‐years (QALYs) per patient estimated were 0.85 with dupilumab and 0.84 with SoC. The total mean of discounted costs per patient per cycle were US$ 379 for dupilumab and US$ 19 for SoC. The incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio estimated was $24 660 US$ per QALYConclusionDupilumab is not cost‐effective in Colombia in children between 6 and 11 years old with severe asthma and eosinophilic phenotype. Our evidence should motivate regulatory agencies to improve negotiations for new drugs with better information and evidence.