bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Contact Angle Analysis of 1% Chlorhexidine and 2% Metronidazole Mouthgel - An In Vitro Study
Authors: Choudhary Apurva , Ganesh S. Balaji 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Chlorhexidine is considered to be gold standard drug in treating various oral infections. Metronidazole is effective for treating various anaerobic infections, including dental abscess and periodontal abscess. In current technical applications and material sciences, contact angle is a thermodynamic characteristic that describes the wettability of solid surfaces. The aim of this study is to compare the contact angle of chlorhexidine and metronidazole mouth gel.
Materials and Methods: Total 10 samples of gel was used, involving 5 samples of 1% chlorhexidine gel and 5 samples of 2 % metronidazole gel. The contact angles were measured with the Ossila Goniometer after each sample was dispensed from a microsyringe on the facial surface of the microtomed tooth. The obtained values from the samples were determined, and the data was statistically analysed using SPSS software version 20.0. The paired t test was used to analyse the data.
Results: From the data collected it was found that the average contact angle of the mouth gels that is chlorhexidine and metronidazole gel were 51.58 & 67.04 respectively. T test showed p value of 0.157, (p value < 0.05). Hence, it is statistically not significant. Chlorhexidine gel had a lower average mean of contact angle than metronidazole gel, which means chlorhexidine gel had got better wettability when compared to metronidazole gel.
Conclusion: Thus, it can be concluded that chlorhexidine gel has a better tendency to wet the tooth or oral cavity surfaces when compared to metronidazole gel, thereby it can have better action in treating various oral conditions.
A Study of Stability Indicating Development and Validation of a Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Brigatinib and Alectinib Using Reverse Phase Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography in Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient Form
Authors: Raviteja Gunturu , Rambabu Kantipudi 
Published: February 2022

Aims: New validated method for the simultaneous estimation of Brigatinib and Alectinib using UPLC and study of its degradation.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Chemistry, RVR & JC College of Engineering, Chowdavaram, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, between March 2021 and April 2021.
Methodology: Using Luna C18 100 x 2.6 mm, 1.6 µm column, acetonitrile, and 0.1 percent Tri ethyl amine (TEA) (80:20 v/v) as a mobile phase, the proposed method successfully achieved effective chromatographic separation with a flow rate of 1 mL/min and a wave length of 260 nm. The Braginib and Alectinib peaks were resolved within 5 minutes of elution time, with the Brigatinib peak eluting at 3.208 minutes and the Alectinib peak eluting at 1.757 minutes.
Results: The proposed method displays excellent linearity in the concentration ranges of 1.0 µg/ml to 15 µg/ml for Brigatinib and 5.0 µg/ml to 75 µg/ml for Alectinib. The RSD of robustness levels has a maximum of just 2 percent.
Conclusion: The accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity of the method were all found to be in line with ICH guidelines, when the procedure was developed and tested.
Solutions for Improving Rich Media Streaming Quality in Heterogeneous Network Environments
Authors: Trestian Ramona , Muntean Gabriel‐Miro 
Published: February 2022

AbstractGrowing amounts of data are exchanged globally, especially with the latest increase in the number and types of smart devices, from smartphones to smart TVs, which enable both generation and consumption of rich media content. In a global context, in which the internet traffic is expected to exceed several zettabytes per year and the video traffic is estimated to exceed 82% of the total data traffic by 2022, respectively, there is a significant pressure on the underlying network infrastructure to support high quality of these rich media services. The improved wired and guided network infrastructure and emerging 5G networks, and evolving LTE and Wi‐Fi networks, are providing increasing bandwidth support and improved Quality of Service for these applications. However, the pressure the rich media content, including omnidirectional, 4K, 3D, HD video, and VR/AR applications, place on these networks is also increasing with a high rate, mostly due to the number and range of services as well as the increasing number of users. As a consequence, the increased latency and loss affects the users' Quality of Experience when consuming these rich media services. However, a simple increase in system capacity will not be enough, and alternative solutions are required to fix the provisioning of QoE for rich media streaming applications. This article describes such solutions, including adaptive multimedia and multisensorial media delivery schemes, which were proposed to improve the overall user‐perceived quality, energy efficiency, and/or network utilization.
Sounding Methods in HF Sky Wave Communications
Authors: Orga Ferran , Alsina‐Pagès Rosa M. , Bergadà Pau , Hervás Marcos 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe existence of the ionosphere as an electrically charged region in the atmosphere was suggested way back in 1839 by Friedrich Gauss. However, it was not until the 1920s that Edward Appleton proved that signals could be received without line of sight anywhere on the planet when emitting in high‐frequency ranges and by means of the ionosphere. The study of the ionosphere has widely attracted the interest of communication researchers due to its complexity regarding time and frequency dispersion. In this chapter, the techniques to characterize the ionospheric HF channel are reviewed. Also, the outcomes of the most relevant research projects working on that issue are provided. This chapter also gives the calculations required to conduct the study of channel availability, signal‐to‐noise ratio, multipath delay spread, and Doppler spread. Finally, the outcomes of these calculations are provided for a real case study involving a 12 760‐km long‐haul link from Antarctica to Europe.
Low‐Temperature and Water‐Based Biotemplating of Nanostructured Foam‐Like Titania Films Using ß‐Lactoglobulin
Authors: Heger Julian E. , Chen Wei , Yin Shanshan , Li Nian , Körstgens Volker , Brett Calvin J. , Ohm Wiebke , Roth Stephan V. , Müller‐Buschbaum Peter 
Published: February 2022

AbstractGiven the broad use of nanostructured crystalline titania films, an environmentally friendly and more sustainable synthesis route is highly desirable. Here, a water‐based, low‐temperature route is presented to synthesize nanostructured foam‐like crystalline titania films. A pearl necklace‐like nanostructure is introduced as tailored titania morphology via biotemplating with the use of the major bovine whey protein ß‐lactoglobulin (ß‐lg). It is shown that titania crystallization in a brookite‐anatase mixed phase is promoted via spray deposition at a comparatively low temperature of 120 °C. The obtained crystallites have an average grain size of (4.2 ± 0.3) nm. In situ grazing incidence small‐angle and wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (GISAXS/GIWAXS) are simultaneously performed to understand the kinetics of film formation and the templating role of ß‐lg during spray coating. In the ß‐lg:titania biohybrid composites, the crystal growth in semicrystalline titania clusters is sterically directed by the condensing ß‐lg biomatrix. Due to using spray coating, the green chemistry approach to titania‐based functional films can be scaled up on a large scale, which can potentially be used in photocatalytic processes or systems related to energy application.
Chemical Structure of Conductive Filaments in Tantalum Oxide Memristive Devices and Its Implications for the Formation Mechanism
Authors: Heisig Thomas , Lange Kristof , Gutsche Alexander , Goß Kalle Thorben , Hambsch Sebastian , Locatelli Andrea , Menteş Tevfik Onur , Genuzio Francesca , Menzel Stephan , Dittmann Regina 
Published: February 2022

AbstractResistive switching in metal oxides is believed to be caused by a temperature and electric field driven redistribution of oxygen vacancies within a nanometer sized conductive filament. Accordingly, gaining detailed information about the chemical composition of conductive filaments is of key importance for a comprehensive understanding of the switching process. In this work, spectromicroscopy is used to probe the electronic structure of conductive filaments in Ta2O5‐based memristive devices. It is found that resistive switching leads to the formation of a conductive filament with an oxygen vacancy concentration of ≈20%. Spectroscopic insights provide detailed information about the chemical state of the tantalum cations and show that the filament is not composed of a metallic Ta0 phase. As an extreme case, devices after an irreversible dielectric breakdown are investigated. These devices feature larger conductive channels with higher oxygen vacancy concentrations. Using the experimental data as input for finite element simulations, the role of thermodiffusion for the formation process of conductive filaments is revealed. It is demonstrated that thermodiffusion is not the dominating effect for the filament formation here but might play a role in accelerating the forming process, as well as in the stabilization of the filament.
Precision conservation: Linking set‐aside and working lands policy
Authors: Swinton Scott M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractInnovations in precision agriculture now enable the identification of crop field patches whose retirement offers high environmental benefits and the low opportunity cost of crop yield loss. Precision conservation can lower costs to farmers and payment costs for government agencies. Precision conservation incentive policy should unite elements of land retirement (set‐aside) and working lands policies that pay for environmental services. Key decisions surround how to bundle land fragments in a contract, keep contract design simple, evaluate environmental benefits, monitor compliance, and measure the additionality of those benefits.
Polymorphism analysis of Valsa mali isolated from Xinjiang Province using ISSR markers
Authors: Liu Hongyan , Wang Yanxia , Tang Ling , Hao Yalun , Deng Huifang , Zhao Sifeng , Jin Chenzhong , Guo Kaifa 
Published: February 2022

AbstractApple quality and quantity is reduced by valsa canker (caused by Valsa mali Miyabe et Yamada) in Xinjiang, China. To develop treatment options, we need to understand its genetic diversity, which was assessed at the molecular level. Eight primers were selected for ISSR‐PCR analysis of 44 strains of apple valsa canker in Xinjiang. The results showed that eight primers amplified a total of 80 clear and reproducible bands including 80 polymorphic loci; the polymorphic loci rate was 100%. Nei's gene diversity index and Shannon's information index were both higher than 0.2 and 0.4 in different geographical regions, which indicated that the genetic diversity of V. mali in Xinjiang was very abundant. The cluster analysis indicated that there was no significant correlation between the genetic relationships and their geographical originals.
Response to salinity in black calla lily plant under Mediterranean conditions
Authors: Shahba Mohamed , Abbas Mohamed , Samak Magdy 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHigh soil salinity in arid and semiarid regions results in a reduction in plant growth and productivity. Also, low precipitation is insufficient to cope with high salinity. Black calla lily (Arum palaestinum Boiss.) belongs to Araceae and is used as an ornamental, for food, and in folk medicine. Salinity reduces water and nutrient uptake and causes the accumulation of toxic levels of ions (K and NA) in black calla lily plants. This study was established to evaluate black calla lily salinity tolerance and to determine its tolerance mechanisms. Seedlings of A. palaestinum were transplanted into lysimeter columns. Irrigation treatments included tap water (control) and water with electrical conductivities of 5, 15, and 25 dS m−1. Treatments were continued for 3 mo. Leaf color, leaf area, and plant height were estimated or measured weekly. Samples were collected for total nonstructural carbohydrates (TNC), proline, reducing sugars content (RSC), and tissue K+ and Na+ content analyses. Increasing salinity led to a decrease in leaf characters, TNC, chlorophyll content, plant height, and K+/Na+ ratio, and an increase in proline content and shoot total RSC. The significant positive association between proline content and salinity suggested that proline can enhance osmotic adjustment and act as a N or C source that helps the processes of stress recovery. Dynamics of TNC and RSC indicated that salinity tolerance is an energy‐dependent process. Results indicated that A. palaestinum collected from the Mediterranean area can tolerate irrigation water with a salinity level up to 15 dS m−1.
Analyzing fecal loading and retention patterns by abdominal X‐rays of hospitalized older adults: A retrospective study
Authors: Gau Jen‐Tzer , Patel Parth , Pan Jen‐Jung , Kao Tzu‐Cheg 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundAging may affect ascending colon (AC) differently from descending colon (DC) and increase the risk of fecal loading (FL) in AC.MethodsPatients aged ≥65 years admitted to a community hospital were analyzed by abdominal x‐ray for fecal loads and stool retention patterns. FL was scored between 0 and 5 (severe) on each segment of colon with a possible total score 20. Mean segment scores ≥3.5 were designated as high scores for both AC and DC. Logistic regression was performed between groups to identify factors associated with FL patterns.ResultsGroups identified were high FL in both AC and DC (N = 21, 17.2%), FL predominantly in AC (N = 38, 31.1%), low FL in both AC and DC (N=60, 49.2%), and FL low in AC and high in DC (N = 3, 2.5%). Among 71 patients with total FL scores ≥13 (indicating significant stool retention), 37 (52.1%) had the FL predominantly in AC. Patients prescribed antibiotic(s) prior to hospitalization had lower odds of FL predominantly in AC (adjusted odds ratio = 0.18, 95% confidence interval = 0.04–0.84) compared to the group of low FL in both AC and DC with the adjustment of confounders.ConclusionThis study found that 52.1% of those with significant stool retention on x‐ray had the FL predominantly in AC. Antibiotic use was associated with lower odds of having FL predominately in AC. This study provided insights of FL distribution in colon and AC could be an area for significant stool burden in older adults with stool retention.
Evaluation of long‐term chronic pain and outcomes for unilateral vs bilateral circular incision transabdominal preperitoneal inguinal hernia repair
Authors: Hayakawa Shunsuke , Hayakawa Tetsushi , Watanabe Kaori , Saito Kenta , Miyai Hirotaka , Ogawa Ryo , Yamamoto Minoru , Kobayashi Kenji , Takiguchi Shuji , Tanaka Moritsugu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimThis study has two aims: to evaluate long‐term chronic pain and complications after circular incision transabdominal preperitoneal inguinal hernia repair (C‐TAPP) and compare outcomes of unilateral and bilateral inguinal hernia cases.MethodsA postoperative patient questionnaire was used to evaluate pain and complications in 1546 patients who underwent C‐TAPP for simple inguinal hernia. Questions concerned satisfaction with surgery, pain at rest, pain at movement, mesh discomfort on a 10‐point scale, and complications, such as recurrence. Patients were classified into unilateral (U Group) and bilateral (B Group) groups, and propensity score matching was performed to compare long‐term chronic pain and complications.ResultsThe questionnaire return rates were 77.5% (1034 cases) and 79.9% (135 cases) in unilateral and bilateral cases. The frequency of moderate‐to‐severe (≥4 points) pain at rest, pain at movement, and mesh discomfort were 3.2%, 3.6%, and 4.5%, respectively. After propensity score matching, no significant differences in pain at rest (P = .726), at movement (P = .712), or mesh discomfort (P = .981) were detected between the U and B groups. Postoperative complications occurred in 2.1% of all patients, and the recurrence rate was 0.3%. In the post‐match comparison, no differences in complications with Clavian‐Dindo classification ≥III (U Group 0.7%, B Group 2.1%, P = .622) were detected.ConclusionC‐TAPP, which focuses on the layered structure, showed acceptable results for long‐term chronic pain. Bilateral cases did not have worse pain or complications compared to unilateral cases.
Polyphenylsulfone/zinc ion‐exchanged zeolite Y nanofiltration mixed matrix membrane for water desalination
Authors: Ahmadi Reyhane , Sedighian Reyhane , Sanaeepur Hamidreza , Ebadi Amooghin Abtin , Lak Shima 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn the present study, zinc ion‐exchanged zeolite Y (ZnY) was incorporated as a dispersed phase into polyphenylsulfone (PPSU) polymer matrix to prepare PPSU/ZnY porous mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) with enhanced separation properties. Various MMMs with different ZnY contents (0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, and 3 wt.%) were fabricated using phase inversion method. The morphologies of prepared membranes were characterized by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) were used to investigate the chemical structures and microstructural properties, respectively. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis and tensile test were done to investigate thermomechanical properties of the membranes. Density and dynamic viscosity of membrane casting solutions as well as porosity, mean pore size, contact angle and water content of the prepared membranes were determined to investigate how these parameters affect the morphology of the membranes. Finally, separation performance of the membrane samples was investigated by determining water flux, salt (CuSO4) rejection, and anti‐fouling properties. SEM results showed an increase in top layer pore volumes with the incorporation of ZnY nanoparticles, which offer a higher water flux. AFM images indicated the higher surface roughness for an MMM compared to the pure PPSU membrane. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the presence of all PPSU and ZnY functional groups in the MMM and showed no existence of chemical bonds at the polymer‐particle interface. XRD patterns exhibited a decrease in the degree of crystallinity by addition ZnY nanoparticles into PPSU matrix. DSC and tensile tests confirmed the XRD analysis and show lower Tg and tensile stress for an MMM compared to the pure PPSU membrane. Porosity measurements showed that the membrane porosity improved by decreasing the polymer concentration in the casting solutions and by incorporation of ZnY nanoparticles. The contact angle measurement indicated that the values decrease upon loading of ZnY nanoparticles. Finally, an enhanced pure water flux of 4.315 L m−2 h−1 bar−1 and a salt rejection of 75%, respectively as compared to 3.591 L m−2 h−1 bar−1 and 81% for pure PPSU membrane, were observed for the MMM with 1 wt.% of ZnY filler.
Optimising protein detection with fixable custom oligo‐labelled antibodies for single‐cell multi‐omics approaches
Authors: Kleino Iivari , Nowlan Kirsten , Kotimaa Juha , Kekäläinen Eliisa 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackground and AimSingle‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) is a powerful method utilising transcriptomic data for detailed characterisation of heterogeneous cell populations. The use of oligonucleotide‐labelled antibodies for targeted proteomics addresses the shortcomings of the scRNA‐seq‐only based approach by improving detection of low expressing targets. However, optimisation of large antibody panels is challenging and depends on the availability of co‐functioning oligonucleotide‐labelled antibodies.Main Methods and ResultsWe present here a simple adjustable oligonucleotide‐antibody conjugation method which enables a desired level of oligo‐conjugation per antibody. The mean labelling in the produced antibody batches varied from 1 to 6 oligos per antibody. In the scRNA‐seq multimodal experiment, the highest sensitivity was seen with moderate antibody labelling as the high activation and/or labelling was detrimental to antibody performance. The conjugates were also tested for compatibility with the fixation and freeze storage protocols. The oligo‐antibody signal was stable in fixed cells indicating the feasibility of a stain, fix, store, and analyse later type of workflow for multimodal scRNA‐seq.Conclusions and ImplicationsOptimised oligo‐labelling will improve detection of weak protein targets in scRNA‐seq multimodal experiments and reduce sequencing costs due to a more balanced amplification of different antibody signals in CITE‐seq libraries. Furthermore, the use of a pre‐stain, fix, run later protocol will allow for flexibility, facilitate sample pooling, and ease logistics in scRNA‐seq multimodal experiments.
Progress in the Electrochemical Reactions of Sulfonyl Compounds
Authors: Liu Wangsheng , Hao Lin , Zhang Junmin , Zhu Tingshun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractElectrosynthesis has recently attracted more and more attention due to its great potential to replace chemical oxidants or reductants in molecule‐electrode electron transfer. Sulfonyl compounds such as sulfonyl hydrazides, sulfinic acids (and their salts), sulfonyl halides have been discovered as practical precursors of several radicals. As electrochemical redox reactions can provide green and efficient pathways for the activation of sulfonyl compounds, studies for electrosynthesis have rapidly increased. Several types of radicals can be generated from anodic oxidation or cathodic reduction of sulfonyl compounds and can initiate fluoroalkylation, benzenesulfonylation, cyclization or rearrangement. In this Review, we summarize the electrosynthesis developments involving sulfonyl compounds mainly in the last decade.
SR‐GDI CNTFET‐based magnitude comparator for new generation of programmable integrated circuits
Authors: Shiri Nabiollah , Sadeghi Ayoub , Rafiee Mahmood , Bigonah Maryam 
Published: February 2022

SummaryThe performance of the programmable integrated circuits (ICs) like digital signal processors (DSPs), central processing units (CPUs), and microcontrollers is highly dependent on the magnitude comparators. This article presents a new reliable and efficient 1‐bit comparator based on carbon nanotube field‐effect transistors (CNTFETs) technology. The gate diffusion input (GDI) technique is used to reduce the number of transistors. Also, single swing restoration (SR) transistors and transmission gate (TG) techniques are combined to attain full‐swing outputs with high driving capability. The low internal capacitances and the fewer number of internal nodes of the proposed comparator make it low‐power both in single‐bit and multibit (2‐bit, 4‐bit, 8‐bit, and 16‐bit) implementations. Variations analyses of the circuit and technology parameters are performed that show the cell efficiency. From the layout results, the 1‐bit and 16‐bit comparators occupy 0.1944 μm2 and 37.485 μm2 as the total die area, respectively. The proposed circuit is implemented in image processing in which the best performance compared with state‐of‐the‐art designs regarding hardware complexity, circuitry performance, and image quality assessments are confirmed, by at least 50% improvements of different critical parameters. The resulted figure of merits nominates the cell for future ICs.