bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metformin-Induced Vitamin B12 Deficiency among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus' Patients: A Systematic Review
Authors: Khattab Rabie , Albannawi Mayar , Alhajjmohammed Dua'a , Alkubaish Zainab , Althani Roqiuah , Altheeb Latifa , Ayoub Hala , Mutwalli Hiba , Altuwajiry Hussah , Al-Sheikh Rasha , Purayidathil Tunny , Abuzaid Omar 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is one of the most globally common chronic diseases.
Metformin is the most popular prescribed medication for the treatment of diabetes. Studies
suggest that metformin is associated with vitamin B12 deficiency, which may impart adverse
health complications.

Objective:
This review screens the literature to clarify the effect of metformin on vitamin B12 deficiency
among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.

Methods:
Google Scholar, PubMed, Research Gate, and Semantic Scholar, were searched for the
association between metformin intake and vitamin B12 deficiency in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients
using relevant keywords and their combinations. Selected studies were those conducted on
patients taking metformin with no vitamin B12 supplement. Nineteen studies (fifteen observational
studies and four randomized controlled trials) met the inclusion criteria. These studies were assessed
for design, setting, study population, and overall quality.

Results:
There is a positive correlation between metformin intake and vitamin B12 deficiency.
This has been accompanied by increased homocysteine and decreased folate levels. Despite the refuting
of the findings, most studies showed that higher doses of metformin were strongly associated
with lower vitamin B12 levels, while the duration of treatment was not.

Conclusion:
Regular measurement of vitamin B12 levels during long-term metformin treatment is
recommended. A clear policy should be in place to illuminate the importance of this screening in
preventing vitamin B12 deficiency complications. Taking therapeutic supplements or injections of
vitamin B12 along with a vitamin B12-rich diet may decrease the incidence of its deficiency in diabetic
patients taking metformin.
Decoding the Mechanism of Drugs of Heterocyclic Nature against Hepatocellular
Carcinoma
Authors: Sugunan Sinoy , Nath Lekshmi R. , Kumar Ayana R , L Anitha , Nair Bhagyalakshmi , Mathew Bijo 
Published: April 2022

Objectives:
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common type of cancer and accounts for
~90% of cases, with an approximated incidence of >1 million cases by 2025. Currently, the backbone of HCC therapy
is the oral multi-kinase inhibitor, Sorafenib, which consists of a Pyridine heterocycle ring system. This review highlights
the introspective characteristics of seven anticancer drugs of heterocyclic nature against HCC along with their
structural activity relationships and molecular targets.

Methods:
Literature collection was performed using PubMed, Google Scholar, SCOPUS, and Cross ref. Additional
information was taken from the official website of the FDA and GLOBOCAN.

Key findings/ Results:
Based on the available literature, approved heterocyclic compounds show promising results
against HCC, including Sorafenib (Pyridine), Regorafenib (Pyridine), Lenvatinib (Quinoline), Cabozantinib (Quinoline),
Gemcitabine (Pyrimidine), 5-Fluorouracil (Pyrimidine)and Capecitabine (Pyrimidine), their mechanism of action
and key aspects regarding its structural activity were included in the review.

Conclusion:
Heterocyclic compounds represent almost two-thirds of the novel drugs approved by FDA between 2010
and 2020 against Cancer. This review summarizes the clinical relevance, mechanism of action, structural activity relationship,
and challenges of the seven available anticancer drugs with heterocyclic ring systems against HCC.
CDC25B Inhibition by Menadione: A Potential New Therapeutical Approach
Authors: Ribeiro Helem Ferreira , Sant’ Anna Carla de Castro , Kato Valdenira de Jesus Oliveira , de Sousa Brasil Rafael Maia , Bona Amanda Braga , da Costa Danielle Feio , Lima Isamu Komatsu , Soares Paulo Cardoso , Guimarães Ana Paula Araújo , de Assumpção Paulo Pimentel , Burbano Rommel Rodriguez 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common type of tumor and the third leading cause of cancer death
worldwide. The evolution of gastric carcinogenesis is still poorly understood and, for this reason, preclinical research
protocols were established that included the development of gastric cancer cell lines and the establishment of models of
gastric carcinogenesis in non-human primates such as Sapajus apella. A comprehensive literature search was performed
in relevant databases such as PubMed, ResearchGate, and Google Scholar to identify studies related to the
topic. After an in-depth study of these reports, significant data were collected and compiled under appropriate headings.
The main result of the studies carried out by the group on GC is the demonstration of the MYC gene overexpression
as a common phenomenon in stomach carcinogenesis. Furthermore, we revealed that reducing the expression of
the CDC25B gene, regulated by the MYC protein, is a therapeutic strategy against stomach tumors. This review article
reveals preclinical evidence that treatment with menadione in experimental models of gastric tumorigenesis, in vivo
and in vitro, inhibits the action of the phosphatase CDC25B and, consequently, prevents cell proliferation, invasion,
and migration.
Prevalence, Presentation and Outcome of Secondary Bloodstream
Infections among COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Samantaray Subhashree , Karan Priyabrat , Sharma Anuradha , Nag Vijayalakshmi , Dutt Naveen , Garg Mahendra Kumar , Bhatia Pradeep Kumar , Misra Sanjeev 
Published: April 2022

Background:
The higher mortality rate in COVID-19 patients is still a concern. Though
some studies mention that elderly patients with co-morbidities are at higher risk of mortality, some
others report uneventful outcomes in young patients even without co-morbidities. Secondary bacterial
and fungal infections, especially with nosocomial pathogens are known to be associated with worse
outcome in the ongoing pandemic as well as in the previous viral outbreaks. In such a scenario, the
outcome of hospitalized COVID-19 patients can be improved by timely identification of secondary
infections using appropriate biomarkers and by following appropriate infection control measures to
prevent the spread of nosocomial pathogens.

Objective:
The study aims to find out the prevalence of bloodstream infections (BSI) among hospitalized
COVID-19 patients and to analyze their laboratory markers and outcome by comparing them with
those without BSI.

Methods:
In this descriptive cross-sectional study, the prevalence of secondary BSI was determined
among the hospitalized COVID-19 patients by including 388 blood culture bottles collected from 293
patients, which were received in the microbiology lab within the study period.

Results:
The overall prevalence of BSI in COVID-19 patients was 39.5% (116/293), out of which
35.5% (104/293) infections were bacterial, and 4.1% (12/293) were fungal, while 8.9% (26/293) patients
grew contaminants, and 51.5% (151/293) were sterile. Common causative agents of secondary
BSI were found to be MDR Klebsiella pneumoniae (10.9%) and Acinetobacter baumannii (8.8%) followed
by Candida species (4.1%). Patients with co-morbidities like diabetes, hypertension and COPD
were at higher risk of developing BSI with significantly higher levels of sepsis markers such as Creactive
protein (CRP), procalcitonin, ferritin and Interleukin-6 (IL-6). The mortality rate was significantly
higher (60.2%) in patients with BSI compared to the group of patients without BSI.

Conclusion:
Our findings suggest the necessity of early diagnosis of the secondary infections using
appropriate biomarkers and following proper infection control measures to prevent the spread of the
nosocomial infections and improve the outcome of hospitalized COVID-19 patients.
A Clinically Validated, Broadly Active, Oral Viral Superinfection
Therapy Could Mitigate Symptoms in Early-stage COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Bakacs Tibor , Sandig Volker , Slavin Shimon , Gumrukcu Serhat , Hardy David , Renz Wolfgang , Kovesdi Imre 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
More than 200 viruses infect humans, but treatments are available for less than ten of them.
To narrow the gap between ‘bugs and drugs,’ a paradigm shift is required. The “one drug, one bug”
approach can be expanded to a “one drug, multiple bugs” strategy such that the host’s defense system
is targeted rather than the virus. Viral superinfection therapy (SIT) activates interferon genes’ natural,
antiviral defense system of host cells following exposure to viral infection, e.g., superinfection with an
attenuated infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) with the release of its double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)
cargo inside host cells. An attenuated IBDV therapeutic vaccine has successfully treated hepatitis
A virus infection (HAV) in marmoset monkeys as well as acute hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus infections
(HBV/HCV) in 42 patients. SIT has also been shown to be safe and effective in four patients with
chronic HBV or HCV infection with hepatic decompensation. The proof-of-principle of SIT has also
been demonstrated in a 43-year-old male patient with COVID-19. Three doses of orally administered
IBDV (3x106 IU) alleviated most of his COVID-19 symptoms; even his sense of smell returned within
a week. Two additional COVID-19 patients responded similarly to oral treatment with IBDV. Furthermore,
a severe herpes zoster ophthalmicus outbreak with orbital edema responded to a combination
of acyclovir and 7 doses of IBDV (7x106 IU) within a few days. IBDV is simple to manufacture and
affordable, even in resource-limited settings. Acid-resistant IBDV can be orally administered in an
outpatient setting, providing simple dosing and high medication adherence. Under an Emergency Use
Authorization, the broad-spectrum IBDV drug candidate could be tested immediately in clinical trials
and rapidly distributed to millions of early-stage patients with COVID-19. The German Paul Ehrlich
Institute is currently supporting a phase I safety study for persons acutely infected with SARS‑CoV-2.
An expert team of the US National Institutes of Health-sponsored ACTIV public-private partnership
came to the conclusion that the IBDV drug candidate shows merit as a potential treatment for COVID-
19, and an FDA-approved clinical trial is in the pipelines in Los Angeles.
The Role of the Gut Microbiota and Microbial Metabolites in the Pathogenesis
of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Wang Yi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative disease that causes memory loss, cognitive dysfunction
and dementia. It is a multifactorial disease involving a wide range of pathological factors that
have yet to be fully understood. As proposed by scientists and supported by a growing amount of evidence
in recent years, the gut microbiota plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s
disease via a constant bidirectional communication through the brain-gut-microbiota axis, which is a
multifunctional network involving the nervous system and the peripheral circulatory system. This
communication pathway facilitates the exchange of information and signals between the brain and the
gut, such as microbe-derived metabolites and neurotransmitters, which allows gut microbes to influence
the central nervous system. This review summarizes recent research findings on the pathological
risk factors of Alzheimer’s disease, the brain-gut-microbiota axis, the role of gut microbe-derived
products in neurological disorders, and clinical/preclinical studies investigating the role of the gut microbiota
in Alzheimer’s disease. In addition, some suggestions for future research are proposed.
The Antibacterial Activity of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle-Loaded Soft Contact
Lens
Authors: Chew Jactty , Tong Tommy , Chua Mun Lok , Mungroo Mohammad Ridwane , Yap Yi Xing , Misran Misni , Gew Lai Ti 
Published: April 2022

Introduction:
Contact lenses coated with antibacterial agents may reduce the risk of microbial
keratitis; however, to the best of our knowledge, such contact lenses are not available on the market.

Methods:
We determined the ability of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs)-loaded soft contact lenses
to prevent the adhesion of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Commercially acquired
sterile silicone hydrogel contact lenses were soaked in ZnO-NPs (˂50 nm) suspensions of various
concentrations, and the stability of the ZnO-NPs coating on contact lenses over 28 days was monitored
using a UV-vis spectrophotometer. The cytotoxicity effects of ZnO-NPs on human corneal epithelial
cells were evaluated using a lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) kit.

Results and Discussion:
The results showed that the ZnO-NPs coating on contact lenses was optimal
from day seven onward. In the following assays, optimally, ZnO-NP-coated contact lenses were incubated
with S. aureus and P. aeruginosa suspensions (1 x 105 colony forming unit) for 24 hr at 37°C,
followed by enumeration using the plating method. Our data showed that 100 ppm of ZnO-NPs coating
on contact lenses reduced the adhesion of 69.9% and 74.6% of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa significantly
(p<0.05). The confocal laser scanning microscopic analyses were consistent with our bacterial
adhesion findings. Low cytotoxicity against human corneal epithelial cells was observed even at the
highest concentration of 300 ppm.

Conclusion:
This study provides insights into the potential role of ZnO-NPs in developing contact
lenses with antibacterial properties.
Anti-diabetic Potential of some Spices Commonly used in Diet with other Pharmacological Activities: A Review
Authors: Chowdhury Anita Rani , Kundu Sukalyan Kumar 
Published: April 2022

Background::Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder, the prevalence of which is increasing alarmingly throughout the world and imposes a serious impact on the health of the population as well as national economies. Effective management and primary prevention are essential to decrease the burden of diabetes faced by all nations. Although different therapies are available for diabetes, no known therapy can completely cure the disease, and many of them have a number of side effects with other limitations like long-term treatment, expensiveness, and less availability. Hence, the present review has given an emphasis on common dietary materials to find out a readily available source of anti-diabetic agents.Objective:The purpose of this work is to explore the anti-diabetic properties of certain spices which are most frequently used in Bangladesh and reported for their use in traditional treatment of diabetes and/or investigated scientifically for anti-diabetic activity.Methods:Two electronic databases, namely Pub Med and Google Scholar, were used for conducting a comprehensive search to collect information and data.Results:In this review, a total of 10 spices have been compiled with a brief description of their origin, part used, chemical constituents, mechanism of action, methods of experiment, model animals, and reported beneficial effects in diabetes with other pharmacological activities.Conclusion:The observed results of this study indicate the possibility of developing a therapeutic strategy called alternative and complementary medicine for the management of diabetes. The results also provide a starting point for researchers working with bioactive dietary plants with anti-diabetic potential.
Cutting-edge Nanotechnological Approaches for Lung Cancer Therapy
Authors: Bhattacharya Sankha , Agrawal Amaiyya 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:Lung cancer is the second leading cancer with a high rate of mortality. It can be treated using different intervention techniques such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy, surgical removal, photodynamic therapy. All of these interventions lack specificity, which implies that it harms the normal cells adjacent to the infected ones. Nanotechnology provides a promising solution that increases the bioavailability of anticancer drugs at the tumor site with reduced toxicity and improved therapeutic efficacy. Nanotechnology also improved the way lung cancer is diagnosed and treated. Various types of nanocarriers like liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles, and different theranostic approaches are already approved for medical use, while various are under clinical and preclinical stages. This review article covers the details pertaining to lung cancer, types of overexpressed receptors, and cutting-edge nanocarriers used for treating lung cancer at its specific target.
US Black Maternal Health Advocacy Topics and Trends on Twitter: Temporal Infoveillance Study
Authors: Grigsby-Toussaint Diana , Champagne Ashley , Uhr Justin , Silva Elizabeth , Noh Madeline , Bradley Adam , Rashleigh Patrick 
Published: April 2022

Background
Black women in the United States disproportionately suffer adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes compared to White women. Economic adversity and implicit bias during clinical encounters may lead to physiological responses that place Black women at higher risk for adverse birth outcomes. The novel coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) further exacerbated this risk, as safety protocols increased social isolation in clinical settings, thereby limiting opportunities to advocate for unbiased care. Twitter, 1 of the most popular social networking sites, has been used to study a variety of issues of public interest, including health care. This study considers whether posts on Twitter accurately reflect public discourse during the COVID-19 pandemic and are being used in infodemiology studies by public health experts.

Objective
This study aims to assess the feasibility of Twitter for identifying public discourse related to social determinants of health and advocacy that influence maternal health among Black women across the United States and to examine trends in sentiment between 2019 and 2020 in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
Tweets were collected from March 1 to July 13, 2020, from 21 organizations and influencers and from 4 hashtags that focused on Black maternal health. Additionally, tweets from the same organizations and hashtags were collected from the year prior, from March 1 to July 13, 2019. Twint, a Python programming library, was used for data collection and analysis. We gathered the text of approximately 17,000 tweets, as well as all publicly available metadata. Topic modeling and k-means clustering were used to analyze the tweets.

Results
A variety of trends were observed when comparing the 2020 data set to the 2019 data set from the same period. The percentages listed for each topic are probabilities of that topic occurring in our corpus. In our topic models, tweets on reproductive justice, maternal mortality crises, and patient care increased by 67.46% in 2020 versus 2019. Topics on community, advocacy, and health equity increased by over 30% in 2020 versus 2019. In contrast, tweet topics that decreased in 2020 versus 2019 were as follows: tweets on Medicaid and medical coverage decreased by 27.73%, and discussions about creating space for Black women decreased by just under 30%.

Conclusions
The results indicate that the COVID-19 pandemic may have spurred an increased focus on advocating for improved reproductive health and maternal health outcomes among Black women in the United States. Further analyses are needed to capture a longer time frame that encompasses more of the pandemic, as well as more diverse voices to confirm the robustness of the findings. We also concluded that Twitter is an effective source for providing a snapshot of relevant topics to guide Black maternal health advocacy efforts.
Risk Prediction of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events Occurrence Within 6 Months After Coronary Revascularization: Machine Learning Study
Authors: Wang Jinwan , Wang Shuai , Zhu Mark Xuefang , Yang Tao , Yin Qingfeng , Hou Ya 
Published: April 2022

Background
As a major health hazard, the incidence of coronary heart disease has been increasing year by year. Although coronary revascularization, mainly percutaneous coronary intervention, has played an important role in the treatment of coronary heart disease, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) such as recurrent or persistent angina pectoris after coronary revascularization remain a very difficult problem in clinical practice.

Objective
Given the high probability of MACE after coronary revascularization, the aim of this study was to develop and validate a predictive model for MACE occurrence within 6 months based on machine learning algorithms.

Methods
A retrospective study was performed including 1004 patients who had undergone coronary revascularization at The People’s Hospital of Liaoning Province and Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from June 2019 to December 2020. According to the characteristics of available data, an oversampling strategy was adopted for initial preprocessing. We then employed six machine learning algorithms, including decision tree, random forest, logistic regression, naïve Bayes, support vector machine, and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), to develop prediction models for MACE depending on clinical information and 6-month follow-up information. Among all samples, 70% were randomly selected for training and the remaining 30% were used for model validation. Model performance was assessed based on accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, confusion matrix, area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC), and visualization of the ROC curve.

Results
Univariate analysis showed that 21 patient characteristic variables were statistically significant (P<.05) between the groups without and with MACE. Coupled with these significant factors, among the six machine learning algorithms, XGBoost stood out with an accuracy of 0.7788, precision of 0.8058, recall of 0.7345, F1-score of 0.7685, and AUC of 0.8599. Further exploration of the models to identify factors affecting the occurrence of MACE revealed that use of anticoagulant drugs and course of the disease consistently ranked in the top two predictive factors in three developed models.

Conclusions
The machine learning risk models constructed in this study can achieve acceptable performance of MACE prediction, with XGBoost performing the best, providing a valuable reference for pointed intervention and clinical decision-making in MACE prevention.