bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation and Modification of Microphysics Schemes on the Cold Pool Evolution for a Simulated Bow Echo in Southeast China
Authors: Zhou Ang , Zhao Kun , Lee Wen‐Chau , Ding Zhicheng , Lu Yinghui , Huang Hao 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA merger‐formation bow echo (MFBE) in southeast China during the pre‐summer rainy season (PSRS) was simulated using three microphysics schemes including Thompson (THOM), Morrison (MORR), and Weather Research and Forecasting Double‐Moment 6‐Class (WDM6) schemes to compare against polarimetric observations and Variational Doppler Radar Analysis System (VDRAS) analyses. The three schemes captured the basic kinematic structures for this MFBE event after assimilating radar radial velocities, but all underpredicted the cold pool strength by ∼25%. Particularly, THOM produced the best raindrop size distributions (DSDs) and precipitation pattern compared with observed retrievals; further analyses indicated the larger raindrop size bias and the weak cold pool strength in THOM were owing to the relatively low rain breakup efficiency and inefficient rain evaporation, respectively. By decreasing the cutoff diameter of rain breakup parameterization from the default 1.6–1.2 mm (i.e., increasing breakup efficiency) and increasing evaporation efficiency by threefold in THOM, the simulated DSDs and precipitation were greatly improved, and the cold pool strength was significantly increased from 77% to 99% compared to that in VDRAS analyses. This study illustrated a plausible approach of combining polarimetric radar retrievals and VDRAS analyses as bases to adjust THOM default settings in simulating a MFBE event in southeast China with physical characteristics more consistent with observations. Since microphysical processes vary from convective organizations and climate regions, it is recognized more cases studies are needed in the future to examine the validity and approach in this study to improve simulations and predictions of MFBEs in southeast China.
Observed and Bin Model Simulated Evolution of Drop Size Distributions in High‐Based Cumulus Congestus Over the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Morrison Hugh , Lawson Paul , Chandrakar Kamal Kant 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study examines microphysical processes in developing high‐based cumulus congestus over the United Arab Emirates using aircraft observations and a large‐eddy‐simulation model with bin microphysics. A notable feature of this case is the lack of mm‐sized drops despite having a liquid cloud layer km deep, contrasting with copious large drops observed in maritime tropical cumulus congestus having a similar vertical extent. Modeled drop size distributions are similar to observations at various temperatures between 9.5 and −12°C, including the lack of mm‐sized drops. Cloud dilution leads to low‐to‐moderate liquid water contents (∼0.5–1.5 g m−3) in most of the cloud core, several times smaller than adiabatic values. Dilution is enhanced in the inflowing branch of the toroidal circulations associated with individual cloud thermals, which are favored regions for secondary droplet activation (activation above cloud base). Secondary activation in general contributes substantially to the droplet population. Turning it off leads to a sharp decrease in droplet concentration and increase in mean size aloft, but does little to increase rain drop production. Warm rain generation (or lack thereof) in this case is therefore determined more by the sub‐cloud aerosol and the cloud base droplet size distribution (DSD) than DSD evolution aloft from secondary droplet activation. Decreasing the aerosol concentration by a factor of 10 greatly increases production of large drops via collision‐coalescence. Thus, despite its high base (low temperatures) and substantial dilution, the simulated cloud is thermodynamically and dynamically capable of rapidly producing copious mm‐sized drops from collision‐coalescence under pristine aerosol conditions.
Joint Transmitting Subarray Partition and Beamforming for Active Jamming Suppression in Phased‐MIMO Radar
Authors: Huang Junsheng , Cao Guangdi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAs the tradeoff between conventional phased‐array and multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) radars, phased‐MIMO radar has been studied in recent years, which can simultaneously obtain coherent processing gain and waveform diversity gain. In this paper, in order to effectively suppress the jamming signal and improve the target detection performance of radar system, a joint transmitting subarray partition and beamforming method in phased‐MIMO radar is proposed. To be specific, at the transmitter, the transmitting array of radar system is partitioned into a certain number of non‐overlapped subarrays, and the subarray structure of transmitting array and the corresponding beamformer weight vectors are simultaneously optimized by constructing the optimization model of maximizing the signal‐to‐noise ratio of the whole received echoes under certain constraint conditions, so as to effectively maximize the power utilization of radar transmitter, reduce the peak sidelobe level of transmit beampattern and improve the radar anti‐jamming performance. Moreover, the adaptive beamforming technique is applied to suppress the jamming signal entering the receiver, so that the transmitting and receiving adaptive degrees of freedom are jointly utilized to enhance the anti‐jamming capability of radar system. Simulation results demonstrate the validity of the proposed method.
Thyroid-stimulating hormone levels in euthyroid patients 8 years following bariatric surgery
Authors: Lautenbach Anne , Wernecke Marie , Mann Oliver , Busch Philipp , Huber Tobias B. , Stoll Fabian , Aberle Jens 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Bariatric surgery (BS) was shown to promote a decline in thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in euthyroid patients with severe obesity in the short-term. Aim of the present study was to assess the effect of weight loss on thyroid function in euthyroid patients in the long-term following different bariatric procedures.

Methods
In a retrospective cohort study including 135 patients at baseline, thyroid function was assessed at six time points up to 8 years after surgery. Patients were stratified by TSH levels at baseline and divided into two groups to compare the change in TSH at long-time. We used log-linear regression to assess the relation between thyroid hormones and TSH and linear regression analyses to identify variables that were thought to determine TSH and fT3/fT4-ratio as well as their change long-term.

Results
Over a mean follow-up of 8 years, TSH and fT3/fT4-ratio declined (both p < 0.001). Patients with high-normal TSH showed a greater decline in TSH than those with normal TSH compared to baseline. Thyroid hormones and TSH displayed a negative log-linear correlation at long-term follow-up. Change in TSH at long-time showed a negative correlation with TSH at baseline (B = −0.55; p < 0.001). With regard to type of surgery, there were no significant differences in TSH.

Conclusion
BS promotes a decline of TSH in euthyroid patients up to 8 years after intervention despite weight regain. The greatest change in TSH was seen among patients with high-normal baseline-TSH. Results of log-linear regression suggest recovery of the pituitary-thyroid axis. Type of surgery did not affect the change in TSH levels over time.
Maternal high-fat diet programs white and brown adipose tissue lipidome and transcriptome in offspring in a sex- and tissue-dependent manner in mice
Authors: Savva Christina , Helguero Luisa A. , González-Granillo Marcela , Melo Tânia , Couto Daniela , Buyandelger Byambajav , Gustafsson Sonja , Liu Jianping , Domingues Maria Rosário , Li Xidan , Korach-André Marion 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Objective
The prevalence of overweight and obesity among children has drastically increased during the last decades and maternal obesity has been demonstrated as one of the ultimate factors. Nutrition-stimulated transgenerational regulation of key metabolic genes is fundamental to the developmental origins of the metabolic syndrome. Fetal nutrition may differently influence female and male offspring.

Methods
Mice dam were fed either a control diet or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 6-week prior mating and continued their respective diet during gestation and lactation. At weaning, female and male offspring were fed the HFD until sacrifice. White (WAT) and brown (BAT) adipose tissues were investigated in vivo by nuclear magnetic resonance at two different timepoints in life (midterm and endterm) and tissues were collected at endterm for lipidomic analysis and RNA sequencing. We explored the sex-dependent metabolic adaptation and gene programming changes by maternal HFD in visceral AT (VAT), subcutaneous AT (SAT) and BAT of offspring.

Results
We show that the triglyceride profile varies between adipose depots, sexes and maternal diet. In female offspring, maternal HFD remodels the triglycerides profile in SAT and BAT, and increases thermogenesis and cell differentiation in BAT, which may prevent metabolic complication later in life. Male offspring exhibit whitening of BAT and hyperplasia in VAT when born from high-fat mothers, with impaired metabolic profile. Maternal HFD differentially programs gene expression in WAT and BAT of female and male offspring.

Conclusion
Maternal HFD modulates metabolic profile in offspring in a sex-dependent manner. A sex- and maternal diet-dependent gene programming exists in VAT, SAT, and BAT which may be key player in the sexual dimorphism in the metabolic adaptation later in life.
Atom-optically synthetic gauge fields for a noninteracting Bose gas
Authors: Li Yuqing , Zhang Jiahui , Wang Yunfei , Du Huiying , Wu Jizhou , Liu Wenliang , Mei Feng , Ma Jie , Xiao Liantuan , Jia Suotang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSynthetic gauge fields in synthetic dimensions are now of great interest. This concept provides a convenient manner for exploring topological phases of matter. Here, we report on the first experimental realization of an atom-optically synthetic gauge field based on the synthetic momentum-state lattice of a Bose gas of 133Cs atoms, where magnetically controlled Feshbach resonance is used to tune the interacting lattice into noninteracting regime. Specifically, we engineer a noninteracting one-dimensional lattice into a two-leg ladder with tunable synthetic gauge fields. We observe the flux-dependent populations of atoms and measure the gauge field-induced chiral currents in the two legs. We also show that an inhomogeneous gauge field could control the atomic transport in the ladder. Our results lay the groundwork for using a clean noninteracting synthetic momentum-state lattice to study the gauge field-induced topological physics.
Single cell analysis reveals inhibition of angiogenesis attenuates the progression of heterotopic ossification in Mkx−/− mice
Authors: Lin Junxin , Yang Yuwei , Zhou Wenyan , Dai Chao , Chen Xiao , Xie Yuanhao , Han Shan , Liu Huanhuan , Hu Yejun , Tang Chenqi , Bunpetch Varitsara , Zhang Dandan , Chen Yishan , Zou Xiaohui , Chen Di , Liu Wanlu , Ouyang Hongwei 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTendon heterotopic ossification (HO) is characterized by bone formation inside tendon tissue, which severely debilitates people in their daily life. Current therapies fail to promote functional tissue repair largely due to our limited understanding of HO pathogenesis. Here, we investigate the pathological mechanism and propose a potential treatment method for HO. Immunofluorescence assays showed that the Mohawk (MKX) expression level was decreased in human tendon HO tissue, coinciding with spontaneous HO and the upregulated expression of osteochondrogenic and angiogenic genes in the tendons of Mkx−/− mice. Single-cell RNA sequencing analyses of wild-type and Mkx−/− tendons identified three cell types and revealed the excessive activation of osteochondrogenic genes during the tenogenesis of Mkx−/− tendon cells. Single-cell analysis revealed that the gene expression program of angiogenesis, which is strongly associated with bone formation, was activated in all cell types during HO. Moreover, inhibition of angiogenesis by the small-molecule inhibitor BIBF1120 attenuated bone formation and angiogenesis in the Achilles tendons of both Mkx mutant mice and a rat traumatic model of HO. These findings provide new insights into the cellular mechanisms of tendon HO and highlight the inhibition of angiogenesis with BIBF1120 as a potential treatment strategy for HO.
Simple and rapid detection of common fetal aneuploidies using peptide nucleic acid probe-based real-time polymerase chain reaction
Authors: Hong Subeen , Lee Seung Mi , Oh Sohee , Kim So Yeon , Jung Young Mi , Kim Sun Min , Park Chan-Wook , Jun Jong Kwan , Kim Byoung Jae , Park Joong Shin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTo examine the detection performance of a peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probe-based real-time time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay to detect common aneuploidies. Using amniotic fluid samples, PNA probe based real-time PCR (Patio DEP Detection Kit; SeaSun Biomaterials, Korea) assay was performed. PNA probe was designed to hybridize to similar sequences located on different segments of target chromosomes (21, 18, and 13) and a reference chromosome. Amplification of target sequences and melting curve analysis was performed. When analyzing the melting curve, the ratio of the peak height of the target and reference chromosome was calculated and determined as aneuploidy if the ratio of peak height was abnormal. All the results from the PNA probe-based real-time PCR and melting curve analyses were compared to those from conventional karyotyping. Forty-two cases with common aneuploidies (24 of trisomy 21, 12 of trisomy 18, and 6 of trisomy 13) and 131 cases with normal karyotype were analyzed. When comparing the karyotyping results, the sensitivity and specificity of the PNA probe-based real-time PCR assay were both 100%. The level of agreement was almost perfect (k = 1.00). PNA real-time PCR assay is a rapid and easy method for detecting common aneuploidies.
The expression and clinical significance of programmed cell death receptor 1 and its ligand in tumor tissues of patients with extranodal nasal NK/T cell lymphoma
Authors: Feng Yu , Feng Xia , Jing Caixia , Yu Xinmei , Zheng Yuhuan , Xu Caigang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAppropriate biomarkers may help distinguish the biological behavior of different types of lymphoma and their response to traditional chemotherapy. Extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) belong to different subtypes of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, the biological behavior and prognosis of them are very different, programmed cell death receptor 1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1) have been investigated in these two types of diseases. However, few studies addressed the difference of PD-1/PD-L1 levels between ENKTL and DLBCL, in order to find out the difference and related clinical application value, the clinical data and tumor tissue paraffin sections of 24 newly diagnosed ENKTL patients and 42 newly diagnosed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) were collected. PD-1/PD-L1 levels in tumor tissues were detected by immunohistochemical staining. The relationship between the PD-1/PD-L1 levels and clinical data of patients with ENKTL patients was analyzed. Both patient groups showed PD-1 level in tumor tissue of ENKTL patients was significantly lower than that of DLBCL patients (P < 0.05), while the PD-L1 level in tumor tissues of ENKTL patients was not different from DLBCL (P < 0.05). In addition, the ENKTL patients with B symptoms, elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels and decreased hemoglobin (HGB) concentrations had lower level of PD-1 in tumor tissue. PD-L1 level in tumor tissues, the LDH level, Epstein-Barr genome (EBV-DNA) copy and Ki-67 index may affect the outcomes of ENKTL patients (P < 0.05), but they were not independent factors. PD-L1 levels in tumor tissues has clinical significance in ENKTL patients, which suggested that the PD-1/PD-L1 signal pathway may be involved in the immune escape of ENKTL and play different roles in different lymphoma subtypes.
SPTV sheds light on flow dynamics of fractal-induced turbulence over a plate-fin array forced convection
Authors: Hoi Su Min , Ooi Ean Hin , Chew Irene Mei Leng , Foo Ji Jinn 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA 3D stationary particle tracking velocimetry (SPTV) with a unique recursive corrective algorithm has been successfully established to detect the instantaneous regional fluid flow characteristics. The veracity of SPTV is corroborated by conducting actual displacement measurement validation, which gives a maximum percentage deviation of about 0.8%. This supports the accuracy of the current SPTV system in 3D position detection. More importantly, the SPTV detected velocity fluctuations are highly repeatable. In this study, SPTV is proven to be able to express the nature of chaotic fractal grid-induced regional turbulence, namely: the high turbulence intensity attributed to multilength-scale wake interactions, the Kolmogorov’s −5/3 law decay, vortex shedding, and the Gaussian flow undulations immediately leeward of the grid followed by non-Gaussian behaviour further downstream. Moreover, by comparing the flow fields between control no-grid and fractal grid-generated turbulence of a plate-fin array, SPTV reveals vigorous turbulence intensity, smaller regional integral-length-scale, and energetic vortex shedding at higher frequency for the latter, particularly between fins. Thereupon, it allows the unravelling of detailed thermofluid interplays of plate-fin heat sink heat transfer augmentation. The novelty of SPTV lies in its simplicity, use of low-cost off-the-shelf components, and most remarkably, low computational complexity in detecting fundamental characteristics of turbulent fluid flow.
First fully endoscopic metabolic procedure with NOTES gastrojejunostomy, controlled bypass length and duodenal exclusion: a 9-month porcine study
Authors: Gonzalez Jean-Michel , Ouazzani Sohaib , Monino Laurent , Beyer-Berjot Laura , Berdah Stephane , Cauche Nicolas , Delattre Cecilia , Peetermans Joyce A. , Dayton Peter , Gjata Ornela , Curran Darren , Barthet Marc 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe conducted a pilot study of a potential endoscopic alternative to bariatric surgery. We developed a Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery (NOTES) gastric bypass with controlled bypass limb length using four new devices including a dedicated lumen-apposing metal stent (GJ-LAMS) and pyloric duodenal exclusion device (DED). We evaluated procedural technical success, weight change from baseline, and adverse events in growing Landrace/Large-White pigs through 38 weeks after GJ-LAMS placement. Six pigs (age 2.5 months, mean baseline weight 26.1 ± 2.7 kg) had initial GJ-LAMS placement with controlled bypass limb length, followed by DED placement at 2 weeks. Technical success was 100%. GJ-LAMS migrated in 3 of 6, and DED migrated in 3 of 5 surviving pigs after mucosal abrasion. One pig died by Day 94. At 38 weeks, necropsy showed 100–240 cm limb length except for one at 760 cm. Weight gain was significantly lower in the pigs that underwent endoscopic bypass procedures compared to expected weight for age. This first survival study of a fully endoscopic controlled bypass length gastrojejunostomy with duodenal exclusion in a growing porcine model showed high technical success but significant adverse events. Future studies will include procedural and device optimizations and comparison to a control group.
Workplace neighbourhood built-environment attributes and sitting at work and for transport among Japanese desk-based workers
Authors: Lin Chien-Yu , Koohsari Mohammad Javad , Liao Yung , Ishii Kaori , Shibata Ai , Nakaya Tomoki , McCormack Gavin R. , Hadgraft Nyssa , Sugiyama Takemi , Owen Neville , Oka Koichiro 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWorkplace settings—both internal and external—can influence how workers are physically active or sedentary. Although research has identified some indoor environmental attributes associated with sitting at work, few studies have examined associations of workplace neighbourhood built-environment attributes with workplace sitting time. We examined the cross-sectional associations of perceived and objective workplace neighbourhood built-environment attributes with sitting time at work and for transport among desk-based workers in Japan. Data were collected from a nationwide online survey. The Abbreviated Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale (n = 2137) and Walk Score® (for a subsample of participants; n = 1163) were used to assess perceived and objective built-environment attributes of workplace neighbourhoods. Self-reported daily average sitting time at work, in cars and in public transport was measured using a Japanese validated questionnaire. Linear regression models estimated the associations of workplace neighbourhood built-environment attributes with sitting time. All perceived workplace neighbourhood built-environment attributes were positively correlated with Walk Score®. However, statistically significant associations with Walk Score® were found for sitting for transport but not for sitting at work. Workers who perceived their workplace neighbourhoods to be more walkable reported a longer time sitting at work and in public transport but a shorter sitting time in cars. Our findings suggest that walkable workplace neighbourhoods may discourage longer car use but have workplaces where workers spend a long time sitting at work. The latter finding further suggests that there may be missed opportunities for desk-based workers to reduce sitting time. Future workplace interventions to reduce sitting time may be developed, taking advantage of the opportunities to take time away from work in workplace neighbourhoods.
Adverse health and environmental outcomes of cycling in heavily polluted urban environments
Authors: Adamiec Ewa , Jarosz-Krzemińska Elżbieta , Bilkiewicz-Kubarek Aleksandra 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCycling is a healthy habit; however, are its benefits outweighing risks when biking in heavily trafficked and air-polluted cities? Research involved studying contamination with traffic-related elements of dust collected from bike paths located in top trafficked cities of Europe in Poland. Human health risk was assessed via inhalation and ingestion pathways for adults and children. Bike path dust was heavily contaminated with Zn, Cd (Geoaccumulation index Igeo 4) and Pb (Igeo 3), sourced predominantly from nonexhaust car emissions. The concentrations of metals in dust decreased in the following descending order: Zn > Mn > Cu > Pb > Cr > Cd. A fractionation study revealed that Zn and Cd are almost entirely bioavailable (Mobility factor MF above 90%), causing hazards to humans and the environment. The highest congested intersections result in more TRAP-contaminated dust deposited on bike paths, which is easily resuspended, posing a health risk for cyclists or pedestrians. Avoiding cycling in proximity to heavily trafficked routes should be considered, when possible, as well as physical removal of dust by wet sweeping to limit dust resuspension.