bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NEW BIOCLAUSTRATION OF A SYMBIONT IN THE MANTLE CAVITY OF CLITAMBONITES SCHMIDTI (BRACHIOPODA) FROM THE SANDBIAN (UPPER ORDOVICIAN) OF ESTONIA
Authors: VINN OLEV , WILSON MARK. A. , ISAKAR MARE , TOOM URSULA 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A new bioclaustration of a symbiont is here described from the mantle cavity of the strophomenatan brachiopod Clitambonites schmidti. It is the second bioclaustration in brachiopods known from the Kukruse Regional Stage (Sandbian) of Estonia. It shares affinities with the bioclaustrations Burrinjuckia and Haplorygma. The outgrowth in the ventral valve interior was secreted by the brachiopod around a symbiont. Most likely the symbiont was a suspension feeder that collected food particles from the brachiopod's mantle cavity. The symbiont was either a kleptoparasite or fed on the brachiopod's feces (coprophagy). The majority of symbiosis cases in brachiopods in the Ordovician of Baltica involve clitambonitids as the hosts. Thus, clitambonitid brachiopods were more likely hosts for symbiosis than other brachiopods in the Ordovician of Baltica.
Predicting three-month fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin of patients with type 2 diabetes based on multiple machine learning algorithms
Authors: Tao Xue , Jiang Min , Liu Yumeng , Hu Qi , Zhu Baoqiang , Hu Jiaqiang , Guo Wenmei , Wu Xingwei , Xiong Yu , Shi Xia , Li Wenyuan , Tong Rongsheng , Long Enwu 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Type 2 diabetes is the type with the largest proportion of people with diabetes.With the progression of the disease, patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus will have different degrees of complications, which will seriously reduce the quality of life of the patients and bring a heavy economic burden to the patient's families. Therefore, establishing a predictive model for glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is of great help in optimizing the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and delaying disease progression.
Design and Methods:
A retrospective study was conducted on type 2 diabetes mellitus real-world medical data from 4 cities in Sichuan Province, China from January 2015 to December 2020, including basic patient information, medication status, laboratory results, dietary habits, exercise status, and the actual follow-up of the patient after treatment. After data preprocessing, data inputting, data sampling, and feature screening, 16 kinds of machine learning methods were used to construct fasting blood glucose prediction models and glycated hemoglobin prediction models for type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, and 5 prediction models with the best prediction performance were screened respectively.
Results
A total of 375,723 cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients were collected, 10,000 cases were included to establish the fasting blood glucose model, and 2,169 cases were established to establish the HbA1c model. The best prediction model both of fasting blood glucose and HbA1c finally obtained are realized by ensemble learning and modified random forest inputting, the AUC value are 0.819 and 0.970, respectively. The most important indicators of the fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin prediction model were fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin. Medication compliance, follow-up outcome, dietary habits, BMI, and waist circumference also had a greater impact onfasting blood glucose levels. But on the glycated hemoglobin level, laboratory indicators such as platelets, Serum creatinine, Aspartate Transaminase, Hemoglobin, etc. had more impact.
Conclusion
The prediction accuracy of the models of the two blood glucose control indicators is high and has certain clinical applicability. Glycated hemoglobin and fasting blood glucose are mutually important predictors, and there is a close relationship between them.
Higher-order Aberrations and their Visual Impact in Paediatric Blepharokeratoconjunctivitis.
Authors: Mendoza-Zamora Carolina , Gonzalez-Godinez Sara , Ortiz-Morales Gustavo , Paez-Garza Juan , Rodriguez-Garcia Alejandro 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background/Objectives:
To analyse the higher-order aberrations (HOAs) and their visual impact on a paediatric blepharokeratoconjunctivitis (PBKC) cohort compared with healthy controls.
Subjects/Methods:
A prospective observational, case-control study of paediatric patients (≤ 16 years old) was designed. Subjects underwent a visual system wavefront aberrometry analysis to compare HOAs and their impact on visual quality.
Results
150 eyes from 76 patients were included for analysis. The PBKC group consisted of 50 eyes, and the control group included 100 healthy eyes. Mean age was 10.39 ± 3.81 years for the PBKC group and 10.80 ± 3.61 years for the controls. Mean corrected-distance visual acuity (CDVA) was 0.24 ± 0.21 LogMAR in the PBKC group and 0.07 ± 0.1 in the controls (p = < 0.001). Mean astigmatism was 1.6 ± 1.98 in the PBKC group vs. 0.67 ± 0.76 in the controls (p = 0.01). Mean RMS of HOAs was 1.05 ± 1.7 in the PBKC group and 0.41 ± 0.18 in the controls (p = < 0.001). The mean modulation transfer function (MTF) in the PBKC group was significantly lower (16.37 ± 16.32) than in the controls (30.3 ± 23.57) (p = < 0.001). Corneal leucoma, neovascularization, phlyctenula, and pannus formation were associated with a greater risk of increased HOAs.
Conclusions
There was a significant increase in the total HOAs of PBKC eyes compared to healthy controls. The PBKC eyes aberrations profile, particularly coma, secondary astigmatism, quadrafoil, and pentafoil, had a significant visual impact. Leukoma, corneal neovascularization, pannus, and phlyctenula were strongly associated with increased HOAs.
Six decades of ground-based climate monitoring indicate warming and increasing precipitation seasonality and intensity in Yangambi (central Congo basin)
Authors: Yakusu Emmanuel Kasongo , Acker Joris Van , de Vyver Hans Van , Bourland Nils , Ndiapo José Mbifo , Likwela Théophile Besango , Kipifo Michel Lokonda Wa , Kankolongo Amand Mbuya , Bulcke Jan Van den , Beeckman Hans , Bauters Marijn , Boeckx Pascal , Verbeeck Hans , Demarée Gaston , Jacobsen Kim , Meulenberghs Françoise , Hubau Wannes 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Meteorological stations are rare in the tropics and satellite products often do not perform optimal. This leads to uncertainty in modelled regional climatic trends and may lead to opposing trends in prediction of future climate. This is particularly problematic for the Congo basin, where station coverage decreased significantly during the last few decades. Therefore, here we present a newly digitised dataset of daily temperature and precipitation from the Yangambi biosphere reserve, covering the period 1960 - 2020 (61 years) and located in the heart of the Congo basin. Our results confirm a long-term increase in temperature and temperature extremes since the 1960s, with strong upward trends since the early 1990s. Our results also indicate a drying trend for the dry season and intensification of the wet season since the early 2000s. Ongoing warming and increasing precipitation seasonality and intensity already has a significant impact on crop yields in Yangambi. This calls for urgent development of climate-smart and dynamic agriculture and agroforestry systems. We conclude that systematic digitization and climate recording in the Congo basin will be critical to improve much-needed gridded benchmark datasets of climatic variables.
Molecular Insight into Structural and Mechanical Properties of Halloysite Structure
Authors: Pebdani Mohammadreza Heidari 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this study, we simulated the rolling mechanism of Halloysite by molecular dynamics (MD) under different conditions. We have illustrated that the transformation from slab Halloysite to scroll shape depends on the initial geometry, dimension and proper selection of the interatomic potential. Also, the molecular simulation was conducted to determine the mechanical properties of Halloysite under different conditions. The results show that the Elastic modulus of the armchair Nano scroll was higher than the zigzag with similar dimensions and that Young's modulus of both arrangements decreases with increased radius. Moreover, with an increasing radius (>20 Å), Young's modulus of a Halloysite nano-scroll approaches that of the Halloysite slab configuration. Finally, the tensile strain of a Halloysite nanosheet was 0.08±0.04. The result of this study is a great help for understanding Halloysite, which can be used for designing nanocomposites.
Exploration of the Mechanism by Which Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu Decoction Inhibits Lps-Induced Inflammation by Regulating Macrophage Polarization Based on Network Pharmacology
Authors: sutong wang , Ji Tianshu , Wang Lin , Qu Yiwei , Wang Xinhui , Wang Wenting , Lv Mujie , Wang Yongcheng , Li Xiao , Jiang Ping 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu decoction (HQGZWWD) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine formulation with significant anti-inflammatory activity. However, its underlying mechanism remains unknown. Through network pharmacology and experimental validation, this study aimed to examine the potential mechanism of HQGZWWD in regulating macrophage polarization and inflammation.
Methods
The active components were obtained from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP), whereas the corresponding targets were obtained from the TCMSP and SwissTargetPrediction database. From the GeneCards database, targets associated with macrophage polarization and inflammation were identified. Multiple networks were developed to identify the key compounds, principal biological processes, and pathways of HQGZWWD that regulate macrophage polarization and inflammation. Autodock Vina is utilized to assess the binding ability between targets and active compounds. Finally, confirm the experiment's central hypothesis. Human histiocytic lymphoma (U-937) cells were transformed into M1 macrophages following stimulation with Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in order to evaluate the effect of HQGZWWD drug-containing mouse serum (HQGZWWD serum) on regulating macrophage polarization and inflammation.
Results
A total of 54 active components and 859 HQGZWWD targets were obtained. There were 9972 targets associated with macrophage polarization and 11109 targets associated with inflammation. After screening, 34 overlapping targets were identified, of which 5 were identified as central targets confirmed by experiments, including the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAchR), interleukin 6 (IL-6), Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin 10 (IL-10) and growth factor beta (TGF-β1). Pathway enrichment analysis revealed that 34 overlapping targets were enriched in multiple pathways associated with macrophage polarization and inflammation, including the TGF beta signaling pathway, NF-kappa B signaling pathway, JAK-STAT signaling pathway, and TNF signaling pathway. Molecular docking confirmed that the majority of HQGZWWD's compounds can bind to the target. In vitro experiments, HQGZWWD serum was shown to up-regulate the expression of α7 nAchR, reduce the number of M1 macrophages, stimulate the production of M2 macrophages, inhibit the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL1-β, and increase the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β1.
Conclusion
HQGZWWD can regulate the number of M1/M2 macrophages and the level of inflammatory cytokines, and the underlying mechanism may be related to the up-regulation of α7 nAchR expression.
Tuberculosis prevention: Practices of religious leaders and congregants in Khomas region, Namibia
Authors: ROBERT KOPANO , Gladys Thanyani Lumadi , Patrone Rebecca Risenga 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Tuberculosis is a global threat, with most African countries being more vulnerable than developed countries. In this emerging generation, religion is becoming the common philosophy in which people turn to belief, and are controlled by religious doctrines in approaching every challenge in their lives. This study sought to describe practices related to tuberculosis (TB) prevention, by religious leaders and their congregants, within the Khomas region of Namibia. The aim was this to describe the TB prevention practices of religious leaders and their congregants in Namibia’s Khomas region.
Methods
A quantitative descriptive design was used in the study. A consecutive sampling technique was used to select all the religious leaders who attended, or were affiliated to, registered religious organisations in Namibia. Snowball sampling was also used to identify some religious leaders and congregants who participated in this study. A total of 299 religious leaders and congregants participated.
Results
Participants in this study reported adhering to good practices for TB prevention, such as seeking medical attention if someone suspected that s/he had TB.
Conclusions
This study suggests that religious leaders should be at the forefront of activities aimed at preventing the spread of TB, given their natural influence in society. For this to happen, other stakeholders in the health professions are needed, to support and guide religious leaders through education, training and sponsorships.
Research on infrared nondestructive testing and thermal effect analysis of small wind turbine blades under natural excitation
Authors: Wang Chen , Gu yongqiang 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In recent years, with the increase of wind power generation and the rapid growth of the number of wind turbines installed, the safety monitoring of wind turbine blades has also attracted wide attention. To further study the thermal effect of wind turbine damaged blades under natural excitation in summer in northern China, based on the outdoor infrared non-destructive testing of wind turbine blades, a numerical simulation of wind turbine blades with wear damage is carried out by using the fluid solid heat transfer theory in COMSOL multi-physical field coupling software. The best detection light condition is obtained, in which the detection effect of wear damage is the best when the light intensity reaches 1000W.m− 2 or above at noon. The simulation results are basically in agreement with the experimental results. And compared with the previous physical modeling method using natural convection heat transfer coefficient to replace wind speed, the physical modeling method considering wind speed and air humidity is more consistent with the experimental results, the maximum error value was decreased by 7.46%, which verifies the rationality of the model and the feasibility of the method. Then, the numerical model is used to carry out fluid-heat-solid coupling on the wear-damaged blades, with the increase of wind speed, the temperature on the blade surface gradually decreases and the wind pressure gradually increases. Because the influence of temperature on the stress is greater than that of wind pressure, the stress also shows a gradual downward trend.
Direct Observation of Positron Capture Process at the Positron Source of the SuperKEKB B-Factory
Authors: Suwada Tsuyoshi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A direct simultaneous detection of electron (e-) and positron (e+) bunches was successfully performed using wideband beam monitors and a detection system at the (e+) capture section of the SuperKEKB B-factory. The time intervals between the secondary-generated (e-) and (e+) bunches were measured to investigate their dynamical capture process. The results show that the time intervals were measured in the range of 20--280 ps on average, and the line-order switch of the (e-) and (e+) bunches and their dynamical phase-slip process in the axial direction were clearly observed as a function of the capture phase of accelerating structures. In this report, the dynamical capture and phase-slip process for the (e-) and(e+) bunches under the two-bunch acceleration scheme is described in detail. This study opens up a new window for direct observation of the (e-) and (e+) capture process at any present and future (e+) sources.
Application of iron-modified kapok fibres for As(V) removal from groundwater using column fixed bed approach
Authors: YEO Kanfolo Franck Herve , Dong Yingying , Xue Tongxuan , Yang Ye , Chen Zhiwen , Han Liu , Zhang Nan , ADJOUMANI Kouame Joel , Li Chaokun , Wang Wendong 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Arsenic pollution of groundwater is a severe problem, particularly for rural residents. This study utilised a simple hydrothermal surface modification technique using iron (Fe-kapok) to create a natural sorbent for As(V) removal from groundwater using a column fixed bed methodology. Specific surface area (BET) isotherms nitrogen adsorption/desorption test, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging, energy-dispersive X-ray (EDS) spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to evaluate the properties of the natural adsorbent. Fe-specific kapok's surface area BET (3.272 m2/g) and pore volume (0.032 cm3/g) were greater than those of raw kapok (0.976 m2/g; 0.021 cm3/g), indicating the presence of more As(V) adsorption sites. Even with competing ions such as sulfate, the groundwater chemical parameters did not significantly affect the As(V) adsorption efficiency of the natural sorbents. As(V) adsorption performance decreased as the flow rate and initial concentration of As(V) increased. However, an increase in sorbent dosage results in a rise in As(V) removal efficiency. The adsorption reaction was endothermic, and neutral pH was ideal for As(V) elimination. According to Thomas's model, the adsorption capacity was 6.63 mg/g at 25oC, which was better than Bohart and Adams' prediction of the adsorption curve. After eight adsorption cycles, the regeneration and reusability of the new sorbents were still excellent.
The characterization of in-vivo urinary infection stones by spectral CT
Authors: Li Xian , Huang Xiaoyan , Ouyang Lechuan , Ma Haoping , Chen Huai , Li Xinchun 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To analyze characteristics of urinary infection stones using spectral CT (rapid kV switching dual-energy CT) in vivo.
Methods
This study included 55 single-composition and 36 mixed-composition infection stones, derived from 38 patients (15 males and 23 females), median age 49 (range, 10–71) years. We detected and compared effective nuclear number (Zeff) peak, its high and low points, average Zeff value, water- and iodine-based values, and average CT values. Post-surgical infrared spectroscopy results were compared with CT findings.
Results
In single-composition stones, 21 were of carbapatite, 20 of struvite, and 14 of brushite. These differed significantly in Zeff peak, its low and high points, average Zeff value, and iodine-based value. Three compositions had similar water-based and average CT values. The mixed-composition stones all had two Zeff peaks, and Zeff peaks in 36 mixed-composition stones included 23 of carbapatite, 25 of struvite, and 24 of brushite. When 95% confidence intervals of Zeff peaks in single-composition stones were as standard, they overlapped 82.6% of carbapatite, 88.0% of struvite, and 87.5% of brushite in mixed-composition stones. But many low and high points in three mixed-composition groups were outside the 95% confidence interval (overlap < 70%). Differences in water/iodine-based, average Zeff and average CT values did not reach the significance level.
Conclusion
Zeff peaks of urinary infection stones in vivo spectral CT revealed characteristics of various infective compositions.
In-vitro and in-silico strategies to assess the unexplored pharmacological lineages of Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav. Leaves
Authors: Xavier Thangaraj Francis , Balavivekananthan senthilkumar , Sabitha Rajendran , Kariyat Rupesh , Rose Antony Kanthi Freeda , Ayyanar Muniyappan , Subramaniyan Vijayakumar , S s.Prabhu , Amalraj Singamoorthy 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The current work aims to investigate the chemical components in Solanum elaeagnifolium leaf extracts and their pharmacological potential in antioxidant, antibacterial and anti-diabetic effects. To screen the complete antioxidant potential, the DPPH, SO, FRAP, MCA, and PHM assays were evaluated; whereas the antibacterial activity was determined by the minimum inhibitory concentration method against 10 pathogenic microorganisms. Also, the α-amylase and α-glucosidase effects were explored to know the enzyme inhibitory potentials of this plant leaves. After obtaining possible drug probabilities in the crude extract exploration, the GC-MS screened molecules were docked with diabetes-related proteins to screen for active anti-diabetics. Ultimately, as a final result of this exploration, the following values are lodged for future reference for those wishing to work on this plant. Firstly, the quantitative phytochemicals exploration revealed that the ethyl acetate extract has the highest content of TPC with 79.04 ± 0.98mg/g GAE and TFC with 79.04 ± 0.98mg/g GAE and 134.31 ± 0.04 mg/g QE. Similarly, the tested extracts in this study showed significant antioxidant activity at various concentrations; whereas the extracts used against the bacteria showed 50% inhibition against the pathogens tested.The ethanol extracts were subjected to an MIC according to the bacteriostatic potential; the concentration of 118.75 g/mL showed remarkable inhibition potentials against E. coli, Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus epidermis, Bacillus subtilis and Rhodococcus equi. In the enzymatic exploration of α-amylase and α-glucosidase, IC50 values of ethanol extracts were found to be17.78 ± 2.38µg/ml and 27.90 ± 5.02 µg/ml followed by acetone (17.96 ± 6.05µg/ml and 36.44 ± 3.30 µg/ml). Through in-silico exploration, we found that S. elegans phytochemicals have potential drug-binding affinities and better docking scores with diabetic proteins compared to the corresponding drugs. Based on the various pharmacological investigations, the present study concluded that Solanumelaeagnifolium might have possible drug candidates as antioxidant, antibacterial and antidiabetic agents. As a result of the present study, we conclude that the phytochemicals may have revealed their therapeutic potential either alone or synergistically with other phytochemicals of this leaves.
Comparative genomic analyses of Escherichia coli from meat processing environment in relation to their biofilm formation and persistence
Authors: Yang Xianqin , Tran Frances , Zhang Peipei 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We investigated the phylogeny of biofilm forming (BF) and non-biofilm forming (NBF) Escherichia coli (n = 114) from beef processing environment and genetic elements in their BF and persistence, by comparative genomic analysis. Phylogroup B1 made up the largest proportion of both BF (73.8%) and NBF (50.9%) groups. E. coli from all sources examined had mixed phylogroups except for those recovered from equipment after cleaning which were exclusively phylogroup B1. Both core genome and gene content trees showed a tree-wide spread of BF strains, with clusters including both BF and NBF strains. Genome wide association studies (GWAS) by Scoary or Pyseer did not find any genes/mutations overrepresented in the BF group. Retrospective analysis of phenotypes found significant correlation (P < 0.05) between BF ability and curli production, cellulose synthesis, and/or mobility. However, the BF group also included strains negative for curli and cellulose and/or missing encoding genes for the two traits. All curli and cellulose encoding genes were present in most genomes, regardless of their BF status. The degree of motility was correlated with both curli and cellulose production, and 80 common genes were overrepresented in all three trait positive groups. A PTS enzyme II and a subsidiary gluconate catabolism pathway, and an iron-dicitrate transport system were more abundant in the persisting E. coli group. These findings suggest gene function redundancy in E. coli for biofilm formation and additional substrate utilization and iron acquisition in its persistence.