bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of Pedicles in Dried Human Lumbar Vertebra : A Morphometric Analysis
Authors: Khair Rummana , Rahman Zohora Farhana , Jahan Ishrat , Alam Sultana Ruma 
Published: October 2022

Background: In the dynamic part of the spinal column the lumbar vertebra are the largest vertebra that support the maximum body weight and exhibit the greatest degree of degenerative changes. Pedicles of the vertebra act as a port to perform procedures inside the bodies of the vertebra such as biopsies, vertebroplasties or kyphoplasties. Pedicle screw fixation is a technically demanding procedure. Accurate anatomical knowledge of the morphometry of vertebral pedicle are also important for preoperative procedure, planning and in the design and manufacture of pedicle screws. The objective of this study to observe the morphometry of lumbar pedicles to determine the size of the screw in transpedicular screw fixation on the perspective of Bangladesh.
Materials and methods: A descriptive observational study was conducted at Southern Medical College and Hospital in the Department of Anatomy on 65 dry adult human lumbar vertebra from December 2020 to May 2021. Width height of pedicle along with antero-posterior diameter of lateral recess (Depth) were observed by using digital Vernier Calipers and after recording data were analysed.
Results: The study shows that there is gradual increase in the mean width of the pedicles on both right and left side from L1 to L5. Mean height of the pedicle and antero-posterior diameter of lateral recess both showed decrease at the level of L3 both on the right and left side. Conclusions: The measured data will give a gross measurement of pedicle of lumbar vertebra on Bangladeshi people, hope to provide the clinicians a better support during working with pedicles.
IAHS Medical Journal Vol 4(2), December 2021; 51-54
Coverage of COVID-19 Vaccination at Rural Chattogram
Authors: Asadullah Dewan , Sikder Nabila 
Published: October 2022

Background: An outbreak of a COVID-19 pandemic disease, caused by a novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has posed a serious threat to global human health. Bangladesh has also come under the attack of this viral disease. This work aimed to explore the educational status, the age group status, the socio-economic status, age and gender predisposition to COVID-19 vaccination program and to assess the knowledge, attitude vaccination status among the population of Anowara Upazilla, Chattogram and to identify the underlying causes associated with delayed and no vaccination and to find out the occurrence of adverse effect following immunization among the people.
Materials and methods: A descriptive type of cross-sectional study was conducted. The sample size was 136. It was selected by non-probability type of purposive sampling technique. Data were collected on 11th November, 2021 by face-to-face interview from the respondent with the help of a prepared mixed questionnaire.
Results: Among the respondents 59.56% population was immunized with COVID-19 vaccine and 40.44% population was not immunized with COVID-19 vaccine. 41.98% was male and 58.02% was female. Those who did not get vaccinated, the main reason was fear (About 36.36%).27.27% population didn't get vaccinated because they were lactating mother or pregnant women, 10.91% of population had no NID/no birth certificate, 14.54% of population registered for vaccination but didn't get the SMS and last but not the least about 10.91% population didn't get vaccinated due to other personal causes. The population who were vaccinated, among them 93.83% didn’t face any problem but 6.17% population faced some problem while getting vaccinated. Population who didn't get vaccinated, most of them were illiterate and of 18-27 years age group and those who were vaccinated of 28-37 years age group and literate.
Conclusion: The main reason is not to take vaccine is the fear and wrong information about vaccine. Literacy rate has an influence on vaccination. This study will help people to get knowledge about COVID-19 vaccination programme and it will encourage them to take vaccine soon that will help them to lead a healthy life.
IAHS Medical Journal Vol 4(2), December 2021; 55-59
Comparative Study of Antigen Detection and Viral Nucleic Acid Assay for Early Detection of Dengue Infection
Authors: Nigar Syeda Mafruha , Ahmed Shakeeel , Karim Chowdhury AHM Saiful 
Published: October 2022

Background : Differentiating dengue patients from other acute febrile illness patients is a great challenge among physicians. Thus early and rapid diagnosis of dengue virus infection is of top most importance. The present study was designed to establish an early and rapid diagnosis of dengue virus infection from single serum samples with comparison between two methods-antigen detection by Immunochromatographic test (ICT) and nucleic acid assay by Real time RT –PCR.
Materials and methods : This cross sectional study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology, Chittagong Medical College and Chevron Laboratory in Chattogram during the period of January 2012 to December 2012. A total 115 clinically suspected dengue patient of all ages and both sexex from indoor and Out Patient Department (OPD) of Chittagong Medical College Hospital were enrolled in this study.
Results : These test were done in 2-7 days of fever. Blood samples from 115 clinically suspected dengue cases had been taken. Among them, NS1 antigen by ICT were found positive in 78(67.8 %) cases and DENV RNA by realtime RT-PCR in 64 (55.7% ) cases. Among 64 dengue PCR positive cases, dengue ICT was found positive in 61 (95.30%) cases & not detectable in 03 (4.65%) cases and in 51 PCR negative cases, 17 were found positive by ICT. The difference in diagnosing dengue by ICT and PCR was found highly significant, p < 0.001. Highest positivity of both test were observed in 2nd to 4th days. In this study, dengue ICT was detected 19 (70%) cases in • 5 days of fever where as PCR was detected only 02 (6.80%) cases. The sensivity , specificity , positive predictive value , negative predictive value of ICT in comparison to PCR were found 95.3% , 66.7%, 78.2 %, 91.9% respectively.
Conclusion : In the comparative evaluation, NS1 Antigen was found to be far more sensitive than Real time RT-PCR 1.
IAHS Medical Journal Vol 4(2), December 2021; 60-65
Disease Pattern and Outcome of Pediatric Patients Admitted in A Non-Government Medical College Hospital
Authors: Uddin Mohammad Shahab , Muhuri Basana Rani , Hasina Mamtaj Syeda Shahnoor , Uddin Mohammed Belal 
Published: October 2022

Background: An understanding of epidemiological trend in hospital admissions, including diseases and death pattern, is essential for health care planning, appropriate resource allocation and improving existing services facilities. Most of the causes of morbidity and mortality in Pediatric patient particularly under five and neonate are preventable by proper antenatal/perinatal care, early detection and management. To assess the disease pattern and outcome of pediatric patients admitted in a non-government Medical College hospital this research was performed.
Materials and methods: This retrospective observational study was conducted at the Department of Child Health, Marine City Medical College Hospital (MCMCH) Chattogram, Bangladesh during 2019 June to 2021 June. A total of 567 patients were included for the study. Details on demographic characteristic, disease pattern, outcome, retrieved from the medical records and admission registers, and tabulated and analyzed using Microsoft Excel (Microsoft Office20 16).
Results: Among the admitted patient 0-<2 months age group were (53)9.35%, 2 months-<2 years age group were 254(44.80%), 2 years-<5 years age group were 96(16.93%), 5 years-<12 years age group were 164(28.92%). Among the admitted patients, most common acute watery diarrheawere 131(23.10%), bronchiolitis were 121(21.34%), bronchopneumonia were 95(16.75%), Neonatal Sepsis and Enteric fever were 26(4.59%), Bronchial asthma were 18(3.17%), Low birth weight/preterm were 17(3.00%), Neonaatal Jaundice were 12(2.12%) and others were 92(16.22%). The outcome of total 567 Pediatric patients- discharged with advice were 498(87.83%), discharge on request were 45(7.49%), referred were 20(3.53%) and dead were 4(0.71%).
Conclusion: Findings of this study helps us to understand and pediatric admission trend and death pattern of this institution, which are essential for patient’s services, including effective case-management strategies.
IAHS Medical Journal Vol 4(2), December 2021; 66-69
Predicting Difficult Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Based on Clinicoradiological Assessment
Authors: Hasan Mohammad Moinul , Md Muhsin Syed , Alam Mohammad Ershad , Anwar Shahed Mohammed , Mostafa Faisal , Momin Mohammad Nurul , Khan Matiar Rahaman 
Published: October 2022

Background: Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy (LC) has become the treatment of choice for symptomatic gallstone disease. But it becomes difficult to perform safely and some cases require conversion to Open Cholecystectomy (OC). There is no clear consensus among the laparoscopic surgeons to determine preoperative parameters that can predict difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The aim of this study is to predict the difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomies by correlating with preoperative clinical and radiological findings.
Materials and methods: This prospective observational study was performed in the Department of Surgery at Chittagong Medical College Hospital for a period of one year from April 2018 to March 2019. The sample size was 151. Pre-operative clinical and ultrasonographic criterias were correlated with intraoperative difficulties encountered. Peroperative difficulties were considered in terms of pericholecystic adhesion, difficult callots triangle dissection, difficult GB bed dissection and unusual bleeding during surgery.
Results: Out of 151 patients underwent LC in this study; 93 (61.6%) cases the procedure was uneventful and the other 58 (38.4%) procedures were difficult. Among those difficult 58 cases, 13 (8.6%) patients required conversion to open cholecystectomy. Difficult LC were found in BMI >30kg/m2, hospitalization for 3 or more times due to acute painful attack and GB wall thickness >3 mm.
Conclusion: Pre-operative prediction of difficult LC can be determined by correlating with clinical and radiological findings that help the surgeons to better prepare for intra-operative difficulties and risk of conversion to open cholecystectomy.
IAHS Medical Journal Vol 4(2), December 2021; 70-73
In- Hospital Outcome of Acute St Elevation Myocardial Infarction With Impaired Renal Function
Authors: Chowdhury Mohammad Ibrahim , Shamim MM Abdus , Dey Asish , Morshed Md Monjur 
Published: October 2022

Background: Ischemic Heart disease (IHD) is a common cardiac disorder and is the no.1 cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Associated Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) may further affect the outcome of acute ST elevation myocardial infarction adversely. So, Effective risk stratification is integral to the management of patients with acute coronary syndromes with a co-morbidity of CKD. This observational study was conducted to evaluate the clinical outcome of patients with acute ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) with impaired renal function. Materials and methods: The study was done in the Department of Cardiology, Chittagong Medical College from January 2015 to December 2015. 100 STEMI patients diagnosed by clinical, biochemical and ECG criteria were included in the study. Biochemical and clinical parameters were obtained from eligible subjects. Data was analyzed by computer based software SPSS- 17. Results: Mean ages of patients were 51. 4 years ± SD- 9.54 years. Male to female ratio was 3.34:01. 97% patients were presented with chest pain and breathlessness was found in 65% of patients. Among 100 patients 73 had arrhythmias, 21 were found to develop heart failure, 14 were having cardiogenic shock and death occurred in case of 4 patients. Conclusion: Early detection and appropriate management of renal impairment is necessary to avoid increased mortality and morbidity in STEMI patients.
JCMCTA 2018 ; 29 (1) : 5-10
Disease Profile and Outcome of Patients Admitted to A Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Barua Sanat Kumar , Deb Kiriti Prashad , Dutta Arup , Mahmud Nasir Uddin , Chowdhury Pranab Kumar , Barua Sharmila 
Published: October 2022

Background: Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) has very important role in the management of critically ill children who require advanced airway, respiratory, and hemodynamic supports with the aim of achieving a better outcome. To describe the clinical spectrum and outcome patterns of diseases managed at PICU in Chittagong Medical College Hospital (CMCH) in order to provide data, which will assist in improving the management of diseases and the rational allocation of health resources. Materials and methods: It was a retrospective crosssectional study in which records of admissions of children from 29 days to 12 years of age were obtained from the PICU records. Results: A total of 851 patients were analyzed during the period of October 2015 to December 2016, of which 533 (62.6%) were males and 318 (37.3%) were females. The mean duration of hospital stay was 5.2 ±2.1 days (Range 0- 20 days). Among admission cases, Central Nervous System (CNS) was the most common system affected in our study 356 (41%) followed by respiratory system 263(31%) sepsis 89(10.45%) and cardiovascular diseases 55(%). We observed overall mortality rate 46.1%and Leave Against Medical Advice (LAMA) 4.11%. Highest mortality occurred in age group of 29 days to 1 year. Children with encephalitis and sepsis had higher mortality 25% and 21% respectively. Conclusion: The leading cause of admission was CNS infection followed by respiratory diseases and sepsis. The overall mortality rate in our PICU was high. A wellequipped intensive care unit with modern and innovative facilities along with the availability of fulltime trained pediatric intensivists made a significant impact on the outcome of critically ill children in our PICU.
JCMCTA 2018 ; 29 (1) : 11-16
Comparative Outcome of Acute Coronary Syndrome In Diabetics and Non-diabetics
Authors: Das Sandipan , Khan Mohammad Asif , Hossen Md Abul , Jahangir AYM Nuruddin , Siddique Md Saleh Uddin 
Published: October 2022

Background : It is well known that Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is strongly associated with Diabetes Mellitus (DM). When CAD develops in diabetic patients the incidence of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) becomes double. Diabetics also suffer more heart failure, pulmonary edema & renal failure while in hospital. The proportion of ACS in diabetic patients is increasing. This trend will likely continue because the population has become more sedentary and overweight. A few studies available comparing the various outcomes of ACS patients with & without DM in our country yet we know that burden of both ACS and DM in our population is increasing. Materials and methods: This analytical study was conducted from July, 2013 to June, 2104 in the Department of Cardiology of Chittagong Medical College Hospital. Subjects were by purposive sampling and grouped into two groups as diabetic (Group A) & non diabetic (Group B) each group had 100 patients. Data processing and analysis was done with the help of computer using statistical software SPSS version-17 for windows. Statistical analyses were done by appropriate tests of significances (i.e. t-test, chi-square test). Results: The diabetic group had a significantly higher mean age (52.84 ±8.40 years) compared to the non-diabetic group (47.96 ± 9.52) (p=0.000) and majorities of the patients were male. Raised level of Serum Troponin I and mean LVEF was highly significant between the groups. The patients of both groups developed cardiogenic shock and heart failure in a different proportion (10 % and 4%: p= 0.042) which was statistically significant. Arrhythmia was an outcome in both groups without significant difference and recurrent angina was only found in diabetic group (n=06). Conclusion: Our study revealed higher number of complications, mortality and worse clinical features in diabetic ACS patients determining the additional adversities and complicated management with a lower prognostic outcome.
JCMCTA 2018 ; 29 (1) : 28-34
Relationship Among Serum Homocysteine, Serum Folate And Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction In Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Barua Prasun , Haque Mahmudul , Khan Md Jahangir 
Published: October 2022

Background: Homocysteine (Hcy) a sulfurcontaining, non-protein a-amino is now considered an independent non-traditional risk factor for vascular disease. In Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) highly prevalent hyperhomocysteinemia which is often associated with decreased folate concentrations is thought to contribute to increased cardiovascular morbidity. So, the aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the relations among serum homocysteine, serum folate and Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF) in the context of native CKD patients. Materials and methods: A total of one-thirty (130) participants were recruited between June and July 2016. Among them ninety (90) were CKD patients of stage III, IV & V and forty (40) were healthy controls.eGFR was calculated by MDRD formula. Different groups were created based on serum homocysteine level and eGFR. Results: In this study, hyperhomocysteinemia was seen in 97% CKD patients compared to 52.50% in controls. The CKD patients with elevated homocysteine levels had higher serum creatinine, LDL and systolic BP but they had lower eGFR, serum folateand LVEF than those with normal homocysteine concentrations. As the severity of homocysteinemia increased, eGFR and serum folate decreased. LVEFalso reduced significantly with increasing severity of hyperhomocysteinemia i.e. from 68% in those withouthyperhomocysteinemia to 41.33% in those with severe hyperhomocysteinemia. Chi-squared tests and odds ratios proved significant associations of hyperhomocysteinemia and folate deficiency with CKD. Higher homocysteine concentrations were also associated with low folate and low LVEF. Here, serum homocysteine correlated negatively with eGFR, serum folate and LVEF and positively with LDL and systolic BP. Conclusion: Inconclusion, this study revealed significant associationsamong hyperhomocysteinemia, low serum folate and low LVEF in the native CKD patients. The consistency of homocysteine- eGFR and homocysteine-LVEF correlations suggests that serum homocysteine may provide useful additional information about CKD and associated high cardiovascular morbidity.
JCMCTA 2018 ; 29 (1) : 35-41
Neonatal Care Practices Among Ready Made Garments Working Mothers
Authors: Mazumder Pranay Kumar , Sharma Jhulan Das , Khan Mohammad Asif 
Published: October 2022

Background: Neonatal care is an essential care dependent on team work and plays a great role in children’s survival and development. Effective ante natal care, safe delivery and care in the first week of neonate baby are crucial for neonatal mortality and morbidity. The purpose of the study is to identify neonatal care practices and beliefs, their harmful and beneficial characteristics among the RMG working mothers of below five years children. Materials and methods: A descriptive type of cross sectional study was conducted on the knowledge on Neonatal care among the Ready Made Garments (RMG) working mothers. In this study a total of 120 mothers were selected by Global Specialist Garments limited-1 (GSGL-1) at Sadarghat, Chittagong from June to July, 2014. Data were collected by using structured questionnaire through face to face interview and were then compiled, processed and analyzed by SPSS-version 20. Results: The age range of the respondents was in between 18-39 years. In this study we found that 41.67% mothers had single child while about 10% mothers had 4 or more children. Among the mothers 80% had knowledge about benefits of breastfeeding and 78.33% had given colostrums to their babies. A total 55 mothers initiate breastfeeding within an hour and 91.67% heard about exclusive breastfeeding. About 66.67% respondents delivered the last child at home among them 75% conducted by untrained Dai. Only 58.33% had knowledge about proper care of the umbilical cord. Conclusion: In this study most of the mothers did not complete their secondary education and had a lack of knowledge on neonatal care practice. More over working mothers unable to give enough time for neonatal care. National policy and planning for maternity leave should be followed in our RMG factories to minimize the problem.
JCMCTA 2018 ; 29 (1) : 42-46
Efficacy and Safety of Dexamethasone as an Adjuvant With Bupivacaine and Lignocaine in Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block
Authors: Hasan Sanjida , Chowdhury Ahmed Abu Nasar , Billah KM Baki , Khatoon Syeda Nafisa , Rashid Md Harun Or , Tipu Md Rezaul Hoque , Barua Kalyan , Alam AKM Shamsul 
Published: October 2022

Background: Perineural injection of corticosteroid has been successfully used to prolong the local anesthetic action. The aim of this study was to evaluation the efficacy and safety of dexamethasone as an adjuvant with bupivacaine-lignocaine in supraclavicular block. Material and methods: This analytical study was carried out in the Department of Anesthesiology in Chittagong Medical College Hospital in collaboration with the Department of Orthopedic Surgery over a period of 22 months starting from January 2012 to December 2014. A total 130 adult patients of either sex with American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) health status I-II were selected for upper limb surgery under supraclavicular brachial plexus block was randomly allocated in to two groups of 65 patients in each. Group- D was received dexamethasone 2ml (10mg) and Group-C (Control) was received distilled water 2ml in 38ml of bupivacaine and lignocaine with adrenaline (total volume of 40ml). Results: The mean onset of sensory & motor block was 7.72±1.949min & 8.75±2.008min in group-D and 10.49±0.75min & 9.41±0.76 min in group-C. The duration of analgesia in group-D was 11.40±0.844hrs and in group-C was 3.81±0.88hrs. Conclusion: There was significantly prolonged duration of analgesia and better onset of sensory and motor block in dexamethasone group without any unwanted effects.
JCMCTA 2018 ; 29 (1) : 47-52
Study of Obstetric Cases Requiring Intensive Care Unit Management
Authors: Hoque Fahmida , Begum Rokeya , Rehena Most Jinat , Sattar Kamrun 
Published: October 2022

Background : Management of critically ill obstetric patients in intensive care unit is a challenge. Pregnancy, delivery and puerperium may be complicated by severe maternal morbidity necessitating Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission. Management of the critically ill obstetric patient is very complex and requires co-operation of obstetricians with experts of other discipline. Materials and methods : This cross sectional observational study is designed on a total of 50 obstetric patients admitted in ICU, the frequency, socio demographic factor, intervention & outcome. Data was collected by researcher herself and analyzed by appropriate statistical procedure (SPSS- 20) then presented and submitted. Results : Regarding indication of ICU admission eclmpsia was 29(58%) PPH 9(18%) sepsis 5(10%) ruptured uterus 4(8%) and LVF 3(6%) among all patient admitted in ICU 48(98%) got ventilator support during their admission in ICU and 2(4%) were not ventilated. In ICU 23(46%) patients died and 27(54%) were discharged alive. Conclusion : Obstetric patients pose a major management challenge to ICU physicians and obstetricians due to altered physiology during pregnancy, consideration of fetal wellbeing, and the unique type of disorders to be dealt with. As it is a helpful and important facility for the management of obstetric emergency. Establishment of obstetric ICU is essential in all tertiary hospital.
JCMCTA 2018 ; 29 (1) : 53-56