bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diversity of Fungi in the Mount Rinjani National Park Kembang Kuning Resort, Jeruk Manis Village, Sikur District, East Lombok Regency
Authors: Dzakwan Army Fawwaz  , Tina Warasari  , Ernawati  , Yulia Nurhaliza  , Yuni Sucitawati  , Ervina Titi Jayanti  , Baiq Muli Harisanti  , Sri Nopita Primawati  
Published: January 2025

Mount Rinjani National Park is one of the ecosystems with mountain rainforest and savanna types located on Lombok Island, West Nusa Tenggara with a variety of fungal diversity. This research was conducted in the Jeruk Manis area, this area is one of the many areas included in the Mount Rinjani National Park. This study aims to observe the diversity of fungi in the Mount Rinjani National Park area. The research was conducted from 08.00 - 10.00 WITA. The method used in this study is the exploration method. The exploration method is one method where researchers conduct direct exploration in the Jeruk Manis TNGR (Mount Rinjani National Park) area. Fungi are eukaryotic organisms that do not have chlorophyll, grow as hyphae, have cell walls containing chitin, are heterotrophic, absorb nutrients through their cell walls, excrete extracellular enzymes into the environment through spores, and reproduce sexually and asexually. Ganoderma lucidum, also known as reishi or lingzhi, is a fungus that has long been used in traditional medicine in Asia. Neofevolus alveolaris is a wood fungus that grows saprophytically in forests. Stereum hirsutum is a fungus that is usually found on dead wood in forests. Ramariopsis kunzei is a fungus that has a body shape that resembles a cone-shaped mushroom with a yellow or orange color. Entoloma abortivum, also known as the "lobster mushroom", is a unique fungus because it is the result of parasitism on other fungi, namely Russula or Lactarius fungi. Baeospora myosura is a fungus that is usually found in forests, growing saprophytically on decaying organic matter such as leaf litter or dead wood.
Coronary artery atherosclerosis in reproductive age group women-an autopsy study
Authors: Chaithra R Jadhav  , Fremingston Marak  , Bharathi Pradeep  
Published: January 2025

Background: Atherosclerosis is the most common coronary artery disease (CAD). It leads to the blocking of arteries and myocardial infarction (MI). Many studies are focused on men. The aim of this study is to look at the prevalence of coronary atherosclerosis, its severity, and arteries involved in postmortem hearts in reproductive age group women.
Aims and Objectives: The objectives are (1) to estimate the occurrence of coronary atherosclerosis in reproductive age group women of 15–50 years. (2) To grade the atherosclerosis and stenosis. (3) To determine the cardiac changes associated. (4) To note the most common artery involved.
Materials and Methods: This study was autopsy-based retrospective study done for period of 3 years. From the autopsy forms, details such as age, gender, cause of death, and gross findings were noted. The sections from the left coronary artery (LCA), right coronary artery, left anterior descending (LAD), and circumflex artery (LCA) were reviewed microscopically to note the atherosclerotic grade and percentage of stenosis. Myocardium was reviewed for associated cardiac changes. Range, frequencies, percentage, and P-value were calculated. P<0.05 was taken statistically significant.
Results: Eighty-seven cases belonging to the reproductive age group of 15–50 years were categorized into 4 age groups. Type V American Heart Association atherosclerosis grade was seen more in women between 35 and 50 years. LAD was the most common artery to be involved. Eight cases showed acute MI.
Conclusions: Women of reproductive age group should be screened from 3rd decade onwards for CAD.
Need of Improvement in Timing of Prophylactic Antibiotic in Elective Surgery
Authors: J N Shah  , S B Maharjan  , K Manandhar  
Published: January 2025

Objective: Infections in surgery are major concern of morbidity, mortality, and costs. Timely antibiotic prophylaxis (AP) before incision ensures optimum concentration of AP in blood and tissues to prevent surgical site infections (SSIs). However, proper timing of AP remains problematic as reported by various studies, though none so far from local institutions in Nepal. Aim of this cross sectional observation study was to assess and address the issues of timing of AP and need for improvements.
Material & Methods: Convenient sample target of 100 cases of preoperative AP were studied from Oct 1 to Oct 30, 2010. Data were prospectively entered in predesigned ‘AP form’ for all major elective surgeries, except obstetric cases, who received AP of intravenous Cefazoline 1 g as per existing hospital protocol. Time of AP administration in respect to incision time was analyzed.
Results: There were 125 cases during study period. Majority, 81% received AP before incision, while 19% had AP after the incision. Only 1% of patients received AP within recommended period within 60 to 30 minutes before incision.
Conclusion: Current practice of antibiotic prophylaxis (AP) at our institutions needs improvement as per standard guidelines of AP within 60 to 30 minutes before incision.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v2i3.5610
Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 2 (2011) 207-211
Frequency of Type 2 Diabetes mellitus and Impaired Glycemia in a Teaching Hospital of South-Western Nepal
Authors: DR Pokharel  , N Gautam  , J Archana  , T Nagamma  , R Kumar  , R M Sapkota  
Published: January 2025

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of type 2 diabetes, impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) among patients visiting a tertiary level teaching hospital in south-western Nepal.
Material & Methods: This is a retrospective study conducted among subjects (n=17082) who visited outpatient department of the Universal College of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital (UCMSTH), Bhairahawa, Nepal for their medical checkup. Data related to age, sex, hospital number and blood glucose concentration of the study subjects were collected from hospital records and analyzed for the frequency study.
Results: The average frequency of type 2 diabetes was found to be 6.1% over a period of five years and it was significantly (p=0.0232) higher in males (3.4%) than in females (2.8%). Frequency of IFG and IGT were found to be 2.31% and 2.70% respectively. The frequency of type 2 diabetes, IFG and IGT was significantly higher in males and age group of 51-60 years.
Conclusion: The frequency of type 2 diabetes and impaired glycemia is increasing every year in south-western part of Nepal. We recommend that efforts be made by all the stakeholders to curb this emerging medical problem before it becomes epidemic in the general population.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v2i3.5485
Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 2 (2011) 202-206
The Protective Role of Sphenocentrum Jollyanum Leaf Extract on Beta Cells Morphology of Alloxan Treated Rabbits
Authors: Godwin Oyebueke Mbaka  , Olufunmilayo Olaide Adeyemi  
Published: January 2025

Objective: To assess the protective effect of ethanol leaf extract of Sphenocentrum jollyanum (SJ) (Menispermaceae) on beta cells against alloxan treated rabbits.
Material & Methods: Rabbits of both sexes, divided into 6 groups (8 per group) received oral treatment as follows: groups A and B received Tween 80 (2 %) solution; group C received 10 mg/kg of glibenclamide; groups D, E and F received 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg of SJ. A week later (day 0), basal glycaemia was determined (72.4±3.5) followed by alloxan challenge at 170 mg/kg intravenously with the exception of group A. Blood was collected at days 0, 3, 5, 10 and 15 and analyzed. Inflammatory activity was evaluated using C - reactive protein (CRP) as biomarker. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), lipid peroxidation (TBARS) and glutathione (GSH) were used to assess oxidative activity.
Results: At day 3, glycaemic increase of 157.2 ± 4.7, 153.2 ± 8.2 and 150.2 ± 9.5 (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) was observed in the group that received SJ. Decrease however occurred from day 5 which continued to the last day of the experiment. On the contrary, progressive increase occurred in diabetic control. Tissue histology of the extract group showed no lesion. The CRP level which was slightly elevated in the extract group at day 3, decreased appreciably at day 15. Decrease in SOD and CAT activities which occurred at day 3 in SJ treated increased at day 15. Also, the elevated levels of hepatic GSH in extract treated demonstrated an enhanced biosynthesis of antioxidative enzymes.
Conclusion: SJ leaf effectively protected the beta cells against oxidative damage.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v2i3.3400
Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 2 (2011) 195-201
Mentoring for Medical Undergraduates - Feedback from Mentees (Need For Training of Mentors)
Authors: Lingaraj Jayalakshmi  , Komala Devi Sampath Damodar  , Prathiba Nadig  
Published: January 2025

Objective: The need for mentoring of undergraduate medical students has been well perceived and several medical institutions have started the practice of setting up mentoring programs. Program evaluation is essential in establishing an effective mentoring program. With students being the core of the program, their expectations from the program needs due consideration to analyze the outcome efficacy of the program. This study was done as part of program evaluation to analyze the opinion of mentees on impact of mentoring and on mentee-mentor relationship. The aim was to use the input of this feedback to improve the conduction of the program for the next batch of students.
Material & Methods: A mentoring program was started for 150 1stM.B.B.S students . After one year a feedback questionnaire with 15 likert type items and 4 open ended questions was given. The questions were pertaining to process , outcome of program and mentor-mentee relationships. Two of the open ended questions were based on concept of negative mentoring. 125 students gave feedback voluntarily.
Results: 85% of mentees agreed upon the need for mentoring for all students. Majority felt that mentoring had only helped in academics and not in improving behavior. More than 50% agreed that mentors should be involved in personal aspects besides academics. Responses to open ended questions has well expressed their expectations from mentors and perceived lacunae . There was a clear perception on the need for quality in mentoring. Their responses has also given us a list of causes for discordant mentor-mentee relationship, majority of which can be rectified by training mentors.
Conclusion: Feedback from students after implementing a mentoring program can be considered very essential for effective mentoring. The feedback has exposed the need to have good mentors who can build a satisfying trustworthy mentoring relationship. Training for mentors can be an effective solution and should be a part of the mentoring program early during the planning phase.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v2i3.4807
Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 2 (2011) 151-158
Assessment of Physical Fitness Status of Young Sikkimese Residing in High-Hill Temperate Regions of Eastern Sikkim under the Influence of Climate and Socio-Cultural Factors
Authors: Sengupta Pallav 
Published: January 2025

Objective: The least populated state of India, Sikkim is situated over 6,000 ft as of the sea level. The health of people residing at high altitude is shaped not only by the low-oxygen environment, but also by population ancestry and socio-cultural determinants. These factors may also have an influence over their physical fitness level. Thus the present survey work was designed in order to assess the influence of high altitude on physical fitness and anaerobic power.
Material & Methods: The study was conducted in randomly selected young adult male residents of Gangtok, Sikkim (mean age 22.0) and the college students of Kolkata (mean age 21.9) served as controls. Some parameters of physical fitness and endurance were measured using resting heart rate, blood pressure, PFI, energy expenditure, VO2max etc.
Results: A significant difference (p<0.05) in blood pressure, PFI, energy expenditure, BF% and anaerobic power were found in Sikkimese.
Conclusion: This study implies health of young Sikkimese is not only under the influence of low-oxygen environment but also by their socio-cultural factors over their physical parameters.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v2i3.5368
Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 2 (2011) 169-174
Duration of Use of Computer as Risk Factor for Developing Back Pain among Indian Office Going Women
Authors: Varte Lalhmunlien Robert , Shweta Rawat  , Inderjeet Singh  , Dhurjati Majumdar  
Published: January 2025

Introduction: The study was designed to investigate back pain among working women in one of the largest Research and Development Organization in India and identify occupational factors associated with lower back pain by means of a survey of female employees.
Methods: This study investigated the relative risk of whether different age groups, job types, body mass index (BMI), years or service, screen viewing distance, self perception of comfort level and duration of use of computer have a bearing on the occurrence of back pain and if such risk factors aggravate cases of back pain.
Results: In the unadjusted table, there was a statistically significant chance of developing backpain as the age increases (odds ratio) OR 1.56, 95% (confidence interval) CI (1.030 - 2.372), however, after adjusting for the other co-variates, this chance was not of significance. Job types, body mass index (BMI) >30 (OR >1 (0.802-1.877), years of service and screen distance OR >1 (0.96-1.745) all showed a positive association with back pain though the p values were not of statistically significance. In the adjusted table, for those who use the computer daily at the workplace for more than 6 hours, there was a statistically significant association for this group of developing back pain as compared to the first group i.e. those who work for 0-2 hours, as shown by OR 1.79, (1.123 - 2.864).
Conclusion: The present study indicated that backpain is present in as much as about 25.3% of the study population. For those who use the computer >6 hours daily, there was a statistically significant chance of developing backpain.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v3i1.5567
Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 3(2012) 6-12
Non-Descent Vaginal Hysterectomy - Analysis of 100 Cases
Authors: Manidip Pal  , Soma Bandyopadhyay  
Published: January 2025

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility of performing vaginal hysterectomy for non-prolapsed uteri as primary route
METHODS: 100 patients planned for hysterectomy for a wide range of indications like large uterus, cervix flushed with vagina, previous pelvic surgery were chosen for vaginal hysterectomy. Prerequisite were uterine size not more than 16 weeks, adequate vaginal access and good uterine mobility. Patients with utero-vaginal prolapse, complex adnexal mass and suspected malignancy were excluded.
RESULTS: Majority were aged 35 – 45 years (77%) with 8 nullipara and 21 primipara. Commonest indication was fibroid (54%) and largest uterine size was 16 weeks. There were 79 patients with history of different pelvic surgeries. Different morcellation techniques were used in more than 10 weeks sized uteri. Adnexal surgeries were performed in 12 cases without difficulty. In uncomplicated cases average blood loss was 200 ml and operating time was 50 minutes. Most of the patients were discharged by 5th post operative day. Two patients were converted to abdominal route due to bladder injury and slippage of upper pedicle respectively.
CONCLUSION: Experience and training can lead gynecologist to consider the vaginal approach as the standard route for hysterectomy.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v3i1.4471
Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 3(2012) 1-5
Triple Negative Breast Cancer-An Overview and Review of Literature
Authors: Amit Gupta  , Jyotika Jain  , Ajay Kumar  , Sunil Kumar  , Neelam Wadhwa  
Published: January 2025

Triple-negative breast cancer refers to a specific subtype of breast cancer that does not express the genes for estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) or Her2/neu. About 12-17 % of ca breast have triple negative ca breast This subtype of breast cancer is clinically characterized as more aggressive and less responsive to standard treatment and associated with overall poorer prognosis. Chemotherapy is the choice of systemic therapy for triple-negative tumors. They are more susceptible to non-receptor mediated therapies than other tumors. A number of new strategies are currently being tested in clinical trials.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v3i2.5384
Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 3(2012) 16-20
A Case of Nodular Chest Shadows
Authors: Pijush Kanti Mandal  , Arpan Kumar Dey  , Subhraprakash Pramanik  , Somenath Dasgupta  , Tanmoy W Momin  
Published: January 2025

Pulmonary Tuberculosis is still very common in India as well as in other developing countries. The lesions are usually woolly, ill-defined opacities and may be associated with cavities. Multiple nodular discrete bilateral opacities affecting the lungs from base to apex, more in the lower zones is unusual in Pulmonary Tuberculosis. We report a case of a 55 year old male with bilateral multiple nodular opacities of varying sizes as evident on chest radiography presented with dry cough and one episode of haemoptysis, which initially raised a possibility of lung metastasis. CT guided FNAB from left lung lesion showed chronic granulomatous lesion likely to be of Tubercular aetiology. Sputum for Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB) was negative but the culture for AFB was positive and the patient responded to treatment with Antituberculardrugs (ATDs).
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i2.8297
Asian Journal of Medical Science, Volume-5(2) 2014: 130-133
Clinical management of drug resistant tuberculosis: A comprehensive review
Authors: Sonal Jain  , Arun Kumar  
Published: January 2025

Despite the introduction 40 years ago of the inexpensive and effective four-drug (isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol) treatment regimen, tuberculosis (TB) continues to cause considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide. This is because of development of drug resistance in tuberculosis strains, usually called as MDR/XDR-TB. Consequently, novel drugs and regimens for management of these drug resistant TB forms are emerging. Such regimens probably utilize both repurposed drugs and new chemical drugs. This article covers current concepts and recent advances in TB drug discovery and development. An updated review of the mechanisms of action and resistance of the main old and new anti-tuberculosis agents has been described. The consensus statements from RNTCP for management of MDR/XDR-TB have also been discussed.
Asian Journal of Medical Science, Volume-5(3) 2014: 1-9
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i3.9698
Laparoscopic vs. open inguinal hernia repair: A systematic review of literature
Authors: Amit Gupta  , SK Jain  , Sunil Kumar  , RCM Kaza  
Published: January 2025

Inguinal hernia repair using mesh is one of the most frequently performed operations in general surgery. The mesh can be placed using an open technique or by laparoscopic approach. Many studies have highlighted the merits and risks of laparoscopic approach for the repair of inguinal hernia, the final sentence still remains to be written as majority of trials are too small to show clear benefits of one technique over another. To compare laparoscopic mesh repair with open method in management of inguinal hernia.
Asian Journal of Medical Science, Volume-5(3) 2014: 11-14
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i3.9301
Pulmonary hamartoma, a rare benign tumour of the lung - Case series
Authors: Tyagi Ruchita , Amamjit Bal  , Divyesh Mahajan  , Raje Nijhawan  , Ashim Das  
Published: January 2025

Introduction - Pulmonary hamartoma, with incidence of 0.25-0.32%, accounts for 6% of solitary pulmonary nodules. The role of radiology is limited as only 10-30% of cases show characteristic ‘popcorn’ calcification and Computed Tomography can detect approximately 50% of hamartomas. Hence cytological and/or histopathological examination is required to make a definitive diagnosis and exclude malignancy.
Objective – As pulmonary hamartoma is a rare entity detected serendipitously on radiography and requires cytological and histopathological examination for confirmation of diagnosis, we present nine cases of solitary pulmonary nodules which were diagnosed as pulmonary hamartoma.
Methods - We retrospectively screened departmental records and slides and found nine cases of pulmonary hamartoma in our tertiary care institute. Three cases were diagnosed on CT guided Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology and four cases were diagnosed on histopathological examination of surgical specimens, over a period of 16 years (1997-2012). Two cases were incidentally discovered to have pulmonary hamartoma at autopsy.
Observations – The age of the patients ranged from 17-63 years (mean-46.3), with male to female ratio being 3.5:1. The size of the hamartoma varied from 0.4 – 1.3 cm, with mean diameter of 1 cm. Cytology showed mixture of bronchial epithelial cells, adipocytes and stromal fragments in fibromyxoid and chondroid background. Histopathology demonstrated lobules of cartilage and adipose tissue with intervening clefts lined by respiratory epithelium and mesenchymal stroma.
Conclusion – Every solitary pulmonary nodule is not malignant. It is important to correctly diagnose pulmonary hamartoma, a rare, yet benign neoplasm presenting as a solitary lung nodule and distinguish it from malignancy.
Asian Journal of Medical Science, Volume-5(3) 2014: 112-115
http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i3.9243
Features of criminal prosecution for gross violations of traffic rules in certain European states
Authors: Golubev Igor Viktorovich 
Published: January 2025

The subject of the research is the peculiarities of criminal prosecution for gross violations of traffic rules in certain European countries. The international experience of research in the field of criminal liability for gross violations of traffic rules was considered. The research analyzed scientific materials included in a series of publications of the Netherlands Institute of Law and Management, published following the results of the International Conference on Criminal Liability for Gross Violations of Traffic Rules, which took place on September 7, 2012 in Groningen (the Netherlands). The authors analyzed analytical reviews devoted to the study of the complex nature of traffic violations, as well as the system of gross violations of traffic rules in a number of European states, highlighted the features of sentencing for these types of crimes in these states. The role of guilt and harm from the point of view of the severity of punishment, psychological aspects of the behavior of drivers of vehicles that are relevant to the causal relationships of the commission of the types of crimes in the field of road safety are also studied. To solve the tasks set and verify the initial theoretical positions, a set of research methods was used: universal dialectical, logical, formal-legal, teleological. The authors conducted a comparative analysis of the current legislation of Russia and foreign countries (the Netherlands, England, Wales), which allows us to state that tougher liability for gross violations of traffic rules will help stabilize safety on public roads. At the same time, the degree of danger should be taken into account, and therefore it is necessary to carry out an additional classification of offenses, by analogy with foreign countries. Thus, in accordance with the legislation of the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the Republic of France, the maximum penalty for negligent traffic violations is higher than an administrative offense, while an intermediate offense is allocated between administrative and criminal liability. This principle can be implemented in Russian legislation, which will distinguish this type of offense into a special one and allow for more accurate classification.