bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Total polyphenols and antioxidant activities of green tea powder from GMB 7 and GMB 9 tea clones
Authors: Trinovani E , Prawira-Atmaja M I , Kusmiyati M , Harianto S , Shabri  , Maulana H 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
People’s interest in green tea powder is increasing currently. The addition of green tea powder to food products could increase antioxidant activity and other health benefits. GMB 7 and GMB 9 are local tea clones of the Assam variety widely planted in Indonesia’s tea plantation. This study aimed to determine green tea powder’s total polyphenols and antioxidant activity from local tea clones (GMB 7 and GMB 9). Total polyphenol and antioxidant activity were determined by Folin-Ciocalteau and free radical of DPPH methods, respectively. Our results showed that the total polyphenols of green tea powder were 27.61% and 27.31% for the GMB 7 and GMB 9 clones, respectively. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of green tea powder with IC50 was 15.41 mg/L and 17.32 mg/L for clones GMB 7 and GMB 9, respectively. The results indicate the potential for the development and utilization of local clones to fulfill domestic green tea powder production. Further research is needed to determine the health benefits of green tea powder from clones of The Assam varieties.
Virginia tobacco sustainable production in Indonesia
Authors: Verona L , Supriyadi  , Diana N E , Fatah G S A 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In Indonesia, tobacco has a very important and strategic role. Cigarette production in Indonesia reaches 362 billion cigarettes and needs 362 thousand tons of tobacco. Meanwhile, the national tobacco production was only about 180 thousand tons of 220 thousand hectares. To cover the shortage of raw materials, imports are carried out. Types of imported tobacco are mainly Virginia tobacco which reaches 110 thousand tons, Oriental and Burley. Assuming that Virginia’s tobacco productivity reaches 2 tons per hectare, an area of approximately 55 thousand hectares is required to cover the demand for Virginia’s tobacco. Opportunities for the development of Virginia tobacco in Indonesia can be carried out in several areas. It must be covered and supported by technology and policy for tobacco development that is land suitability, varieties, cultivation technology, pest and disease control, harvesting and processing technology, and marketing. With this support, the sustainability of tobacco cultivation is expected to meet the needs of raw materials on an ongoing basis.
Phytochemical screening and chemical compound of green roselle(Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) and potential antibacterial activities
Authors: Fitriaturosidah I , Kusnadi J , Nurnasari E , Nurindah  , Hariyono B 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Herbal rosella plants (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) are plants that have great potential in the pharmaceutical field. Indonesian Sweetener and Fiber Crops Research Institute (ISFCRI) has released four superior herbal rosella varieties, including Roselindo-1, Roselindo-2, Roselindo-3, and Roselindo-4. Of the four varieties, Roselindo 3 has different physical characteristics, namely green. The purpose of this study was to determine the chemical and phytochemical compounds contained in the green rosella extract. Green rosella extract was obtained using the Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE) method with ethyl acetate as a solvent. The results of phytochemical screening for green roselle extract contained flavonoids, tannins, and triterpenoids. Based on the results of Liquid Chromatograph Mass Spectrometry (LCMS) analysis, green roselle extract contains 323 compounds, including 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde, 7-hydroxycoumarine, betaine, curcumin, nicotinamide, and jasmonic acid.
Utilization and benefits of palm oil in fisheries
Authors: Samsi A N , Asthutiirundu  
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Utilization of crude palm oil as a fish feed ingredient has been carried out in recent years. Crude palm oil can replace fish oil on dietary fish. The use of CPO has been applied to barramundi (Lates calcarifer), Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), Japanese sea bass (Lateolabrax japonicas), salmonid species, and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) diets. palm oil appears to boost protein efficiency when being added to oxidized fish feed. The various advantages of palm oil include superior energy sources (saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids), high content of natural antioxidants (carotenes and E vitamin), lessening fatty acid deposition, and low cost and producing high oil yield. Moreover, palm oil-based diets for fish indicated no effect on the fillets either in their texture or color Fish growth is not disturbed if you change fish oil to crude palm oil in fish feed. The level of use of palm oil is different for each fish species.
Effect of application edible coating on the quality of kopyor coconut meat during storage
Authors: Liwu S L , Rindengan B , Pradhana A Y , Wungkana J , Pasang P 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In order to increase the shelf life of kopyor coconut meat, it is necessary to pre-process it so that its quality can be maintained. The study aimed to determine kopyor coconut meat characteristics, which can be applied in biocellulose edible coating. The research was conducted in 2019 at the Laboratory of Indonesian Palm Crops Research Institute. The treatments consisted of 1) Without edible coating, 2) Edible coating application, and 3) Edible coating application plus ascorbic acid. Kopyor coconut meat has a water content of 77.51%, protein 1.71%, fat 9.92%, carbohydrates 10.00%, ash content 0.82%, and crude fiber 0.78%. Medium-chain fatty acids 42.64% and long-chain fatty acids 44.60%. The organoleptic test showed that kopyor coconut meat during 0-3 months of storage without edible coating had color, aroma, and taste values ranging from 3.24- 4.07. Furthermore, edible coatings applications have color, aroma, and taste values ranging from 3.13- 3.53. In comparison, those with edible coating and ascorbic acid have color, aroma, and taste values ranging from 1.78 to 3.53. The total microbes without edible coating application were the highest, although there was a decrease during storage, while those with edible coating application were inhibited.
Farmers’ contributions in the establishment of value-added from holistic cocoa processing: A case study in Trenggalek Regency, East Java
Authors: Hariyati Y , Saputri W E , Hasanah A U 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
One of the efforts that can be taken to increase the competitiveness of smallholder cocoa plantations is to increase the value of the product through processing from upstream to downstream. The study aimed to analyze the value-added at various stages of processing cocoa beans and identify the contribution of farmers in creating value-added in the processing flow of the people’s cocoa beans from upstream to downstream in Karangan District, Trenggalek Regency. The study was conducted in Karangan District that has facilities to perform cocoa processing from upstream to downstream. Hayami method was used to value-added from various stages of smallholder cocoa bean processing and descriptive analysis was used to analyze the contribution of farmers in processing activities. The results showed that the percentages of value-added from the processing of cocoa pods into wet cocoa beans were 0.99%, cocoa pods into non-fermented dry cocoa beans was 2.27%, cocoa-pods into fermented dry cocoa beans was 4.82%, fermented dried cocoa beans into pure cocoa powder was 20.06%, and processing pure cocoa powder into instant drinks was 71.86%. The study means that the value-added value and profits obtained by farmers for their contribution to cocoa processing are still relatively low.
Profile of amino acids and fatty acids of some Indonesia tall coconut varieties
Authors: Tenda E , Miftahorrachman  , Kumaunang J 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The main content of coconut kernels are fats and fatty acids as well as protein and amino acids, and these contents vary among the varieties. This variation of amino acids and fatty acids also occurs in Indonesian tall coconut varieties. The objective of this study was to characterize amino and fatty acids content of Indonesian tall coconut varieties, namely Mapanget Tall, Palu Tall, Bali Tall, Tenga Tall, Selayar Tall, OdeskaLobu Tall, Babasal Tall, and Mastutin Tall. This study was conducted in Manado and Bogor from 2014 - 2019 by using an observational method. The results showed that the coconut kernel has eight types of non-essential amino acids and eight types of essential amino acids. Palu Tall has the highest amino acid content: alanine, arginine, aspartate, glutamate, glycine, serine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, and valine. Mapanget Tall has the highest contents of caprylic, capric, and lauric fatty acids, each with 9.04, 6.71, and 53.67 %, respectively. The result of this study can be used to develop varieties to obtain coconuts with high essential amino acids and fatty acids for the production of VCO, desiccated coconut, and other raw food materials.
Hymenoptera diversity on porang (Amarphopallus muelleri) in Sukabumi
Authors: Susilawati  , Puspitasari M , Indriati G , Pranowo D 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Amorphophallus muelleri (porang) is a potential plant as a source of glucomannan. Glucomannan is beneficial as raw material in the sector of food, health, beauty, and industry manufacture so that it has a high economic value. The research objective was to study the diversity of Hymenopteran in the porang plantation. The study conducted at Pakuwon Experimental Garden and Indonesian Industrial and Beverage Crops Research Institute (IIBCRI) Integrated Laboratory from January to July 2020. The insect collection method was installed pitfall trap (PT) and yellow pan trap (YPT) on porang field. There were 12 pitfall traps, and Yellow Pan traps installed on porang plants and set for 24 hours while observed with intervals of 2 weeks. The collected insect was identified into morphospecies. The results showed that Hymenopteran on porang plants consisted of 100 morphospecies. The dominant morphospecies was Anoplolepis gracillepes. The diversity index (H`) of Hymenopteran insect was 2.28 and the evenness (E) was 0.50. Collected Hymenopteran identified as pollinators, predators, and parasitoids. The pollinators were Apidae and Halictidae, the predators were Formicidae and Sphecidae, while the parasitoid insects found were 13 families i.e Braconidae, Scelionidae, and Ceraphronidae, etc.
The role of agroforestry based cocoa on climate change mitigation: A review
Authors: Supriadi H , Astutik D , Sobari I 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The agroforestry approach is considered the best option for the development of cocoa cultivation in the future. It combined the forest trees as shade plants and cocoa as the main crop on the same land. The farmers are widely adopting agroforestry due to some benefits such as conserving soil water, nutrient, microorganism, and providing a suitable microclimate for cocoa. Here, we reviewed the current research reports on the role of agroforestry based on the perspective of climate change mitigation. It included the point (1) agroforestry based on cocoa could improve total biomass (above and below ground), CO2 absorption, and carbon deposit CO2, (2) carbon sequestration levels of cocoa depending on the forest trees species as shade and location.
Greenhouse gas emission of agricultural inputs on peat soil at corporate and smallholder oil palm farmers
Authors: Agusta H , Handoyo G C , Tambunan A H 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Greenhouse gas emission rate in peat soil under oil palm plantation comes to attractive interest to control the environment. Revealing the indirect emission of the applied input of oil palm cultivation in peat soil in the area, would contribute on the improvement of the greenhouse gas emission data exposure. The objective of this study was to determine greenhouse gas emissions generated from the oil palm cultivation applied inputs. Field observation was conducted in Labuhan Batu, North Sumatra, Indonesia, in 2013-2014, at both corporate and smallholder farmers as well. CO2-eq emission of the applied agricultural inputs was calculated by means of MILCA- JEMAI© application software. CO2 equivalent emissions from applied inputs of corporate peatland oil palm plantation was calculated based on data in 2012 amounted to 1013.7 kg CO2-eq ha1 year1. On smallholder farmers, it showed a 40 lower emission rate but with higher variability at 604 ± 238 kg CO2-eq ha1 year1. At the oil palm corporate, inorganic fertilizer application contributed a higher emission rate, followed by fuel use and pesticide applications. CO2-eq emission rate at smallholder farmers showed a similar pattern for inorganic fertilizer use. However, it showed higher emission from pesticide application rather than fuel use.
Machine learning-enabled feature classification of evaporation-driven multi-scale 3D printing
Authors: Ghosh Samannoy , Johnson Marshall V , Neupane Rajan , Hardin James , Berrigan John Daniel , Kalidindi Surya R , Kong Yong Lin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The freeform generation of active electronics can impart advanced optical, computational, or sensing capabilities to an otherwise passive construct by overcoming the geometrical and mechanical dichotomies between conventional electronics manufacturing technologies and a broad range of three-dimensional (3D) systems. Previous work has demonstrated the capability to entirely 3D print active electronics such as photodetectors and light-emitting diodes by leveraging an evaporation-driven multi-scale 3D printing approach. However, the evaporative patterning process is highly sensitive to print parameters such as concentration and ink composition. The assembly process is governed by the multiphase interactions between solutes, solvents, and the microenvironment. The process is susceptible to environmental perturbations and instability, which can cause unexpected deviation from targeted print patterns. The ability to print consistently is particularly important for the printing of active electronics, which require the integration of multiple functional layers. Here we demonstrate a synergistic integration of a microfluidics-driven multi-scale 3D printer with a machine learning algorithm that can precisely tune colloidal ink composition and classify complex internal features. Specifically, the microfluidic-driven 3D printer can rapidly modulate ink composition, such as concentration and solvent-to-cosolvent ratio, to explore multi-dimensional parameter space. The integration of the printer with an image-processing algorithm and a support vector machine-guided classification model enables automated, in situ pattern classification. We envision that such integration will provide valuable insights in understanding the complex evaporative-driven assembly process and ultimately enable an autonomous optimisation of printing parameters that can robustly adapt to unexpected perturbations.
Machine optimized quantum metrology of concurrent entanglement generation and sensing
Authors: Huo Hongtao , Zhuang Min , Huang Jiahao , Lee Chaohong 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Entanglement is one of the key ingredients for enhancing the measurement precision of quantum sensors. Generally, there is a trade-off between state preparation and sensing within a limited coherence time. To fully exploit temporal resources, concurrent entanglement generation and sensing with designed sequence of rotations are proposed. Based on twist-and-turn dynamics, modulated rotations along only one axis may be sufficient to drive the state to the optimal one for tiny estimated parameter. However, when the estimated parameter is not tiny, it may impact the evolved state and hence degrade the final measurement precision. Here, we introduce another modulated rotations along different axis and find out the optimal control sequences by means of machine optimization. The optimal measurement precision bounds become independent on the estimated parameter, which improves the dynamic range of the machine designed sensors. Particularly, by optimizing the interaction strength for different particle number and the time-modulated rotations along two different axes via machine optimization, the Heisenberg-limited precision scaling can be attained. Our work points out a way for designing optimized quantum-enhanced metrology protocols, which is promising for developing practical quantum sensors.
The Differential Impact of Educational Tracking on SES Gaps in Educational Achievement for Boys and Girls
Authors: Scheeren Lotte 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPrior research has shown that later tracking is related to smaller inequalities by social origin. One of the underlying mechanisms indicates that allowing more schooling time in comprehensive classes is beneficial for, especially, low-SES students. In this study, we question whether this is the case for boys and girls and test whether later tracking diminishes social inequality in educational performance among boys and girls. Microdata on reading and mathematics competence during primary and secondary school, gathered from PIRLS, TIMSS, and PISA, are combined with contextual-level data on the tracking age. We employ differences-in-differences models to test whether the impact of tracking on SES gaps in test scores differs between boys and girls. We find that later tracking reduces inequalities by social origin in test scores for girls. Staying longer in untracked classes does not, however, affect SES-based inequalities for boys. This suggests that the general finding that later tracking reduces inequalities by social background is driven by girls.
Climate change alters the temporal persistence of coastal-pelagic fishes off eastern Australia
Authors: Champion Curtis , Hobday Alistair J , Zhang Xuebin , Coleman Melinda A 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The climate-driven redistribution of fisheries species is altering their availability to fishers, necessitating projections of species redistributions that directly relate to future fishing opportunities. We propose that a valuable proxy for fishing opportunity is the proportion of the year that target species are available to fishers, which can be approximated by the temporal persistence of suitable habitat in defined regions. Here, we quantify changes in temporal habitat persistence (months/year) within five eastern Australian bioregions over the period 2010–2060 for four coastal-pelagic fishes: bonito (Sarda australis), spotted mackerel (Scomberomorus munroi), Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus commerson) and dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus). When species were analysed collectively, a significant reduction in the temporal persistence of suitable environmental habitats was evident in the most equatorward (i.e. Tweed-Moreton) bioregion, while significant positive increases were found for poleward bioregions (e.g. Batemans and Twofold Shelf bioregions). The greatest increases in temporal habitat persistence were projected for bonito in the Batemans Shelf bioregion and Spanish mackerel in the Hawkesbury Shelf bioregion (+2.2 and + 1.5 months/year between 10-year averages centered on 2020 and 2050, respectively). By demonstrating temporal habitat persistence as a measure of fishing opportunity, we highlight the potential for this metric to be an effective means of communicating to fishing stakeholders the need to adapt to climate change.
Interstitial pneumonia and advanced age negatively influence postoperative pulmonary function
Authors: Mimae Takahiro , Miyata Yoshihiro , Kumada Takashi , Handa Yoshinori , Tsutani Yasuhiro , Okada Morihito 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Changes in postoperative pulmonary function vary among patients after lobectomy. We aimed to define preoperative factors that negatively influence postoperative % vital capacity (%VC) in patients treated by lobectomy.

METHODS
We included 276 patients who had been treated by lobectomy at our institution between 2007 and 2018 and their preoperative and postoperative pulmonary function data were complete. We assigned them to groups based on postoperative pulmonary function defined as better (good) or worse (poor) than predicted %VC, then compared clinicopathological findings between them. Poor postoperative pulmonary function was also assessed using logistic regression analysis.

RESULTS
Interstitial pneumonia (IP) was diagnosed in 37 (13.4%) patients. The preoperative and postoperative %VC values were, respectively, 101.1% (interquartile range, 90.5–110%) and 87.6% (interquartile range, 73.8–99.1%). Logistic regression analysis revealed that IP, advanced age (≥75 years), and induction therapy were independent risk factors for reduced postoperative pulmonary function [odds ratios 3.01 (1.41–6.41), 2.49 (1.35–4.60), and 9.03 (2.43–33.5), P = 0.0044, 0.0035, and 0.001, respectively]. Postoperative %VC worsened with increasing IP severity and advanced age. Six (75%) of 8 patients aged ≥80 years with usual IP or suspected usual IP on preoperative computed tomography images had poor postoperative %VC.

CONCLUSIONS
Surgical indications for lobectomy based on predicted postoperative %VC require careful consideration for elderly patients with IP, particularly those aged ≥80 years.
What is the best choice for third conduit when using bilateral internal mammary arteries for coronary artery bypass grafting—radial artery or saphenous vein graft?
Authors: Kemp Ursula , Davies Reece A 
Published: February 2022

Summary
A best evidence topic in cardiac surgery was written according to a structured protocol. The question addressed was ‘What is the best choice for third conduit when using bilateral internal mammary arteries for coronary artery bypass grafting—radial artery or saphenous vein graft?’. Altogether &gt;525 papers were found using the reported search, of which 7 represented the best evidence to answer the clinical question. The authors, journal, date and country of publication, patient group studied, study type, relevant outcomes and results of these papers are tabulated. Overall, there was no survival benefit demonstrated with the use of a radial artery over the use of a saphenous vein graft as a choice of third conduit following bilateral internal mammary artery grafts for coronary artery bypass grafting. The main limitation of the current evidence available is the restricted follow-up periods and the high attrition rates with small sample sizes affecting the strength of conclusions that can be drawn beyond 10 years of follow-up. We conclude that despite previous evidence supporting improved long-term patency of radial arterial grafts, there is no strong evidence that the use of a radial artery, over a saphenous vein graft, has any survival benefit when used as the third conduit following bilateral internal mammary artery grafts.