bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Number‐dependent association of potentially inappropriate medications with clinical outcomes and expenditures among community‐dwelling older adults: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Su Su , Gao Lingling , Ma Wenyao , Wang Chunguang , Cui Xiaohui , Liu Tong , Yan Suying 
Published: February 2022

AimsThe aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) prescribing and its number‐dependent association (PIM = 1, 2, ≥3) with all‐cause hospitalizations, emergency department (ED) visits, and medication expenditures in Beijing, China.MethodsA retrospective cohort analysis was conducted to analyse PIM prescribing in community‐dwelling older adults aged ≥65 years within the Beijing Municipal Medical Insurance Database (data from July to September 2016). The prevalence of PIMs was estimated based on the 2015 Beers Criteria. Logistic models were utilized to investigate the associations between PIM use and all‐cause hospitalizations and ED visits. Generalized linear models with the logic link and gamma distribution were used to analyse associations between PIM use and medication expenditures.ResultsAmong the 506 214 older adults, the prevalence of PIM was 38.07%. After adjusting for covariables, prescribing two and three or more PIMs was associated with increased risks of hospitalizations (PIM = 2: odds ratio [OR] 1.34, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.22–1.47; PIM ≥ 3: OR = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.32–1.63) and ED visits (PIM = 2: OR = 1.29, 95% CI 1.12–1.48; PIM ≥ 3: OR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.04–1.44). Exposures to two and three or more PIMs were associated with higher medication expenditures for inpatient visits (PIM = 2: incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 1.08, 95% CI 1.01–1.16; PIM ≥ 3: IRR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.08–1.28). Vasodilators were the most frequent PIM prescribing group among patients who were hospitalized or had to visit the ED.ConclusionsPIMs were prescribed at a high rate among community‐dwelling older adults in Beijing. Two or more PIMs were associated with increased risks of hospitalizations, ED visits, and increased inpatient medication expenditures. Effective interventions are needed to target unnecessary and inappropriate medications in older adults.
Does the body talk to the body? The relationship between different body representations while observing others’ body parts
Authors: Tessari Alessia , Ottoboni Giovanni 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe way human bodies are represented is central in everyday activities. The cognitive system must combine internal, visceral, and somatosensory, signals to external, visually driven information generated from the spatial placement of others’ bodies and the own body in the space. However, how different body representations covertly interact among them when observing human body parts is still unclear. Therefore, we investigated the implicit processing of body parts by manipulating either the body part stimuli’ posture (conditions a and b) or the participants’ response body posture (conditions c, d, and e) in healthy participants (N = 70) using a spatial compatibility task called Sidedness task. The task requires participants to judge the colour of a circle superimposed on a task‐irrelevant body part picture. Responses are facilitated when the spatial side of the responding hand corresponds to the spatial code generated by the hand stimulus's position with respect to a body of reference. Results showed that the observation of the task‐irrelevant body parts oriented participants’ attention and facilitated responses that were spatial compatible with the spatial position such body parts have within a configural representation of the body structure (i.e., Body Structural Representation) in all the five experimental conditions. Notably, the body part stimuli were mentally attached to the body according to the most comfortable and less awkward postures, following the anatomo‐physiological constraints. Moreover, the pattern of the results was not influenced by manipulating the participants’ response postures, suggesting that the automatic and implicit coding of the body part stimuli does not rely on proprioceptive information about one's body (i.e., Body Schema). We propose that the human body's morphometry knowledge is enriched by biomechanical and anatomo‐physiological information about the real body movement possibilities. Moreover, we discuss the importance of the automatic orienting of attention based on the sidedness within the context of imitational learning.
Motives for punishing powerful vs. prestigious offenders: The moderating role of group identity
Authors: Fousiani Kyriaki , van Prooijen Jan‐Willem 
Published: February 2022

AbstractStatus can be seen as power over valued resources or as prestige that lies in the eyes of the beholder. In the present research, we examine how power versus prestige influence observers’ punishing motives. Possession of power implies the capacity to harm and elicits threat and therefore should trigger stronger incapacitative motives for punishing an offender. In contrast, prestige signals the observer's admiration of the target and therefore should elicit a strong motivation to help an offender reintegrate into society. Studies 1 and 2 manipulated an offender's status (power vs. prestige vs. control) and group identity (ingroup vs. outgroup). Supporting our hypotheses, both studies revealed that observers had stronger incapacitative motivations towards powerful as opposed to prestigious offenders, particularly when the offender came from the ingroup. Study 2 also showed that observers had stronger restorative motives towards a prestigious as opposed to powerful offender. Contrary to expectations, group identity did not moderate the effect of status on observer's restorative motives. Study 3 manipulated power and prestige separately and showed that power elicits stronger incapacitative motives through ingroup threat and perceived capacity to harm. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these findings.
DNA Replication proteins in primary microcephaly syndromes
Authors: Tingler Melanie , Philipp Melanie , Burkhalter Martin D. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractImproper expansion of neural stem and progenitor cells during brain development manifests in primary microcephaly. This disease is characterized by a reduced head circumference, which correlates with a reduction in brain size. This often corresponds to a general underdevelopment of the brain and entails cognitive, behavioral and motoric retardation. In the past decade significant research efforts have been undertaken to identify genes and the molecular mechanisms underlying microcephaly. One such gene set encompasses factors required for DNA replication. Intriguingly, a growing body of evidence indicates that a substantial number of these genes mediate faithful centrosome and cilium function in addition to their canonical function in genome duplication. Here, we summarize, which DNA replication factors are associated with microcephaly syndromes and to which extent they impact on centrosomes and cilia.
Correlating deformation events onshore and offshore in superimposed rift basins: The Lossiemouth Fault Zone, Inner Moray Firth Basin, Scotland
Authors: Tamas Alexandra , Holdsworth Robert E. , Underhill John R. , Tamas Dan M. , Dempsey Edward D. , McCarthy Dave J. , McCaffrey Ken J. W. , Selby David 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe separation and characterisation of different deformation events in superimposed basins can be challenging due to the effects of overprinting and/or fault reactivation, combined with a lack of detailed geological or geophysical data. This paper shows how an onshore study can be enhanced using a targeted interpretation of contiguous structures offshore imaged by seismic reflection data. Two deformation events, including evidence of fault reactivation, are recognised and associated with the onshore part of the Lossiemouth Fault Zone (LFZ), southern‐central Inner Moray Firth Basin. The basin is thought to record a history of Permian to Cenozoic deformation, but it is difficult to conclusively define the age of faulting and fault reactivation. However, structures in onshore outcrops of Permo–Triassic strata show no evidence of fault growth, and new interpretation of seismic reflection profiles in the offshore area reveals that Permo–Triassic fills are widely characterised by subsidence and passive infill of post‐Variscan palaeotopography. We propose that sequences of reactivated faulting observed onshore and offshore can be correlated and can be shown in the latter domain to be Early Jurassic–Late Cretaceous, followed by localised Cenozoic reactivation. The workflow used here can be applied to characterise deformation events in other superimposed rift basins with contiguous onshore (surface)—offshore (subsurface) expressions.
Changing the main course: strong bat visitation to the ornithophilous mistletoe Psittacanthus robustus (Loranthaceae) in a Neotropical savanna
Authors: Diniz Ugo M. , Fischer Nina L. S. , Aguiar Ludmilla M. S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe Neotropical genus Psittacanthus comprises mostly specialized ornithophilous mistletoes, with rare exceptions. Psittacanthus robustus is a common ornithophilous species from the South American savannas whose bright yellow flowers secrete copious diluted nectar. Due to a three‐day‐long anthesis and a short, non‐restrictive floral tube, we suggest that the species also serves as a resource for flower‐visiting bats. In a Cerrado area in central Brazil, we investigated the usage of the species by bats through systematic bat captures for pollen sampling, its nocturnal nectar secretion dynamics, mating system, and the relative dependence on diurnal and nocturnal pollinators for reproduction. Nine phyllostomid bat species visited P. robustus. Up to 50% of pollen samples from bats contained the species during peak flowering, equating or surpassing the prevalence of chiropterophilous species and representing roughly a third of the floral resources consumed by specialized nectarivores Glossophaga soricina and Anoura caudifer. Flowers actively produced nectar at night with volume and concentration values in the ideal ranges for bat consumption. Nectar is continuously secreted after sunset and accumulates in the absence of visitors. Psittacanthus robustus is self‐compatible but seeds are set mostly by diurnal visitors. Nocturnal animals had a low and secondary contribution to plant fitness. This is the second report of bat pollination for the genus Psittacanthus, and the largest assemblage of bat visitors for the family Loranthaceae. Although ornithophilous, P. robustus is an important resource for bats in the Brazilian savanna, potentially representing a mixed or early transitional state toward bat pollination.Abstract in Portuguese is available with online material.
Assessing caring activities in French adolescents and young adults: Relevance of the Multidimension Assessment of Caring Activities for Young Carers (MACA‐YC18)
Authors: Chevrier Basilie , Dorard Géraldine , Jarrige Eléonore , Joseph Stephen , Becker Saul , Leu Agnes , Untas Aurélie 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundYoung carers (YC) and young adult carers (YAC) have become of interest in research and practice. The 18‐item Multidimensional Assessment of Caring Activities for Young Carers (MACA‐YC18) was developed for identifying the extent and nature of caring activities across six domains: domestic chores, household management, financial/practical help, personal care, emotional care, and sibling care. The aim of this research was to investigate the psychometric properties of the French version of the MACA‐YC18.MethodsTwo quantitative studies were conducted in a general population among adolescents and young adults. The sample was composed of 2688 adolescents (Mage = 16.08; SDage = 0.98; 60.60% girls) in Study 1 and 1192 young adults (Mage = 20.52; SDage = 1.89; 78.27% girls) in Study 2. The psychometric properties were examined via construct validity through internal consistencies, confirmatory factorial analysis, and invariance measurement regarding: gender (girls vs. boys), having a sick/disabled relative (having vs. not), relative's type of illness/disability (physical illness vs. mental illness vs. other illnesses/disabilities), providing support to a sick/disabled relative (providing vs. not), and living arrangement (with family vs. not).ResultsIn both studies, internal consistencies were in line with those reported in the literature, the 6‐factor structure was confirmed, and strict invariances were highlighted.ConclusionsResults show that the French version of the MACA‐YC18 has good psychometric properties regarding construct validity not only among adolescents but also among young adults. This instrument appears to be a relevant screening tool for identifying and characterizing young carers in the general population.
A Piez-o the jigsaw: the Piezo1 channel in skin biology
Authors: Eid Edward Said , Kurban Mazen Samir 
Published: February 2022

SummaryThe skin is the largest organ covering the entirety of the body. Its role as a physical barrier to the outside world as well as its endocrinological and immunological functions subject it to continuous internal and external mechanical forces. Thus, mechanotransduction is of the utmost importance for the skin in order to process and leverage mechanical input for its various functions. Piezo1 is a mechanosensitive ion channel that is a primary mediator of mechanotransduction and is highly expressed in the skin. The discovery of Piezo1 earned a Nobel Prize, and has had a profound impact on our understanding of physiology and pathology including paramount contributions in cutaneous biology. This review provides insight into the roles of Piezo1 in the development, physiology and pathology of the skin with a special emphasis on the molecular pathways through which it instigates these various roles. In epidermal homeostasis, Piezo1 mediates cell extrusion in conditions of overcrowding and division in conditions of low cellular density. Piezo1 also aids in orchestrating mechanosensation, DNA protection from mechanical stress and the various components of wound healing. Conversely, Piezo1 is pathologically implicated in melanoma progression, wound healing delay, cutaneous scarring and hair loss. By shedding light on these functions, we aim to unravel the potential diagnostic and therapeutic value Piezo1 might hold in the field of Dermatology.
Demyelinating neuropathy requires differential diagnosis with vasculitic neuropathy in rheumatoid arthritis: Significance of sural nerve electrophysiology findings
Authors: Kobayashi Masaki , Takeuchi Megumi , Suzuki Miki , Kitagawa Kazuo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectivesNeuropathy is considered a complication of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), whose underlying mechanisms are mainly entrapment, drug‐induced and rheumatoid vasculitis (RV). At Tokyo Women's Medical University, for the purpose of diagnosing vasculitic neuropathy, we carried out nerve and muscle biopsies in nine RA patients. Unexpectedly, we found three cases of demyelinating neuropathy, together with six cases of RV. Our aim was to investigate the neurophysiological features of demyelinating neuropathy in patients with RA, compared with those of patients with RV.MethodsWe reviewed the pathological, clinical and electrophysiological findings in patients with RA who underwent nerve and muscle biopsies. We compared patient demographics and nerve conduction study findings between patients with RV and other patients.ResultsThe histological findings showed necrotizing vasculitis in six of nine patients. Vasculitis was absent in the other three patients, which showed evidence of demyelination and remyelination. The absence of a sensory nerve action potential and compound motor action potential were observed more frequently in the RV cohort. Sural sparing, shown as the sural‐to‐median sensory nerve action potential ratio, was significantly higher in demyelinating neuropathy patients. Treatment was corticosteroid and cyclophosphamide in RV patients, and intravenous immunoglobulin was administered to three demyelinating neuropathy patients. Treatment response was satisfactory in seven of the nine patients.ConclusionDemyelinating neuropathy was found more often in patients with RA neuropathy than expected. Sural nerve sparing, as well as the absence of sensory nerve action potential or compound motor action potential, are useful for the differential diagnosis of demyelinating neuropathy with RV in RA patients with neuropathy.
Grassland easement evaluation and acquisition with uncertain conversion and conservation returns
Authors: Miao Ruiqing , Hennessy David A. , Feng Hongli 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe develop an analytical framework to examine an agency's optimal grassland easement acquisition while accounting for landowners’ optimal decisions under uncertainty in both conversion and conservation returns. We derive the value of “wait and see” (i.e., neither convert nor ease grassland) for landowners and find that grassland‐to‐cropland conversion probability and easement value vary in opposing directions when “wait and see” is preferred, indicating that a larger conversion probability does not necessarily imply a higher easement value. Our analysis shows that when conservation funds can be flexibly allocated across periods then the agency's optimal acquisition can be readily achieved by sorting land tracts according to their owners’ optimal choices. When funds cannot be flexibly allocated across periods, we examine both a rational agency's and a myopic agency's decision problems. An acquisition index is developed to facilitate optimal easement acquisition.
Kidney donor profile index and post‐transplant health care utilization: Implications for value of transplant care delivery
Authors: Mour Girish K. , Chang Yu‐Hui , Calderon Esteban , Chang James M. , Velazco Cristine S. , Jadlowiec Caroline C. , Reddy Kunam S. , Heilman Raymond L. , Mathur Amit K. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundCenters discard high kidney donor profile index (KDPI) allografts, potentially related to delayed graft function and prolonged hospital use by kidney transplant recipients (KTR). We sought to determine whether high KDPI KTRs have excess health care utilization.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study from a high‐volume center analyzing KTRs from January 3, 2011 to April 12, 2015 (n = 652). We measured differences in hospital use, emergency visits, and outpatient visits within the first 90 days between low (≤85%) versus high KDPI (>85%) KTRs, as well as long‐term graft function and patient survival.ResultsHigh (n = 107) and low KDPI (n = 545) KTRs had similar length of stay (median = 3 days, P = .66), and readmission rates at 7, 30, and 90 days after surgery (all, P > .05). High KDPI kidneys were not associated with excess utilization of the hospital, emergency services, outpatient transplant clinics, or ambulatory infusion visits on univariate or multivariate analysis (all, P > .05). Low KDPI KTRs had significantly better eGFR at 2 years (Low vs. High KDPI: 60.35 vs. 41.54 ml/min, P < .001), but similar 3‐year patient and graft survival (both, P > .09).ConclusionsHigh and low KDPI KTRs demonstrated similar 90‐day risk‐adjusted health care utilization, which should encourage use of high KDPI kidneys.
Incremental healthcare expenditure attributable to diabetes mellitus: A cost of illness study in Tasmania, Australia
Authors: Dinh Ngan T. T. , de Graaff Barbara , Campbell Julie A. , Jose Matthew D. , Burgess John , Saunder Timothy , Kitsos Alex , Wiggins Nadine , Palmer Andrew J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimsTo quantify the incremental direct medical costs in people with diabetes from the healthcare system perspective; and to identify trends in the incremental costs.MethodsThis was a matched retrospective cohort study based on a linked data set developed for investigating chronic kidney disease in Tasmania, Australia. Using propensity score matching, 51,324 people with diabetes were matched on age, sex and residential area with 102,648 people without diabetes. Direct medical costs (Australian dollars 2020–2021) due to hospitalisation, Emergency Department visits and pathology tests were included. The incremental costs and cost ratios between mean annual costs of people with diabetes and their controls were calculated.ResultsOn average, people with diabetes had healthcare costs that were almost double their controls ($2427 [95% CI 2322–2543]; ratio 1.87 [95% CI 1.85–1.91]; pooled from 2007–2017). While in the first year of follow‐up, the costs of a person with diabetes were $1643 (95% CI 1489–1806); ratio 1.83 (95% CI 1.76–1.92) more than their control, this increased to $2480 (95% CI 2265–2680); ratio 1.69 (95% CI 1.62–1.77) in the final year. Although the incremental costs were higher in older age groups (e.g., ≥70: $2498 [95% CI 2265–2754]; 40–49: $2117 [95% CI 1887–2384]), the cost ratios were higher in younger age groups (≥70: 1.52 [95% CI 1.48–1.56]; 40–49: 2.37 [95% CI 2.25–2.61]).ConclusionsGiven the increasing burden that diabetes imposes, our findings will support policymakers in future planning for diabetes and enable targeting sub‐groups with higher long‐term costs for possible cost savings for the Tasmanian healthcare system.
Influence of a major pre‐clinical programme restructure on undergraduate student fixed prosthodontics clinical unit completions
Authors: Dudley James 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionResearch is limited in measuring the effectiveness of pre‐clinical programmes in preparing students for fixed prosthodontics clinical practice. The aim of this retrospectively study was to assess the influence of a major pre‐clinical programme restructure on undergraduate student fixed prosthodontics clinical unit completions.Materials and MethodsThe fixed prosthodontics treatment registers from 2011 to 2020 were reviewed, and units completed per student (UCS) and units completed per student per session (UCSS) were calculated in the years before (2011–2013) and after (2014–2020) a major pre‐clinical programme restructure (PR). Data were summarised in Microsoft Excel software (version 2016), and Student'st‐test and pairedt‐tests were performed to determine the significance of difference in UCS and UCSS in the years before and after the PR.ResultsThere was a significant difference in the UCS (p < .05) and UCSS (p < .01) in the years before and after the PR. The average UCS in the years before the PR was 2.20 units compared with 3.86 units after the PR, an increase of 75% per student. The average UCSS in the years before the PR was 0.15 units compared with 0.28 units after the PR, an increase of 87% per session.ConclusionThe fixed prosthodontics pre‐clinical programme restructure resulted in statistically significantly increased student clinical unit completions.