bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Output characteristic of four-frequency Zeeman laser gyroscope with an alternating frequency bias
Authors: Kolbas Yu.Yu. , Pyatnitskii Ya.S. , Rodionov M.I. , Saveliev I.I. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We have experimentally studied the output characteristic of a four-frequency Zeeman laser gyroscope (ZLG) on longitudinal modes with orthogonal circular polarisations having an alternating frequency bias and compared it with the output characteristic of a two-frequency ZLG. It is shown that by representing a four-frequency ZLG as a set of two-frequency ZLGs with orthogonal polarisations, the output characteristic of a four-frequency ZLG can be obtained through the arithmetic mean of the output characteristics of the same gyroscope. The experimental output characteristic of a four-frequency ZLG with an alternating bias in the form of a meander with a switching frequency of 1 kHz, as well as its combination with a low-frequency meander with a frequency of 1 Hz, is presented. The efficiency of using slow meander modulation for the linearization of the output characteristic of a four-frequency ZLG is demonstrated.
Mechanism of Bloom syndrome complex assembly required for double Holliday junction dissolution and genome stability
Authors: Hodson Charlotte , Low Jason K. K. , van Twest Sylvie , Jones Samuel E. , Swuec Paolo , Murphy Vincent , Tsukada Kaima , Fawkes Matthew , Bythell-Douglas Rohan , Davies Adelina , Holien Jessica K. , O’Rourke Julienne J. , Parker Benjamin L. , Glaser Astrid , Parker Michael W. , Mackay Joel P. , Blackford Andrew N. , Costa Alessandro , Deans Andrew J. 
Published: February 2022

Significance
Bloom syndrome complex (BS complex) is necessary for maintenance of genome stability and suppression of cancer-causing mutations. Composed of a helicase, a topoisomerase, and two scaffolds, the BS complex is implicated in several steps that ensure the high fidelity of DNA repair by recombination. One step, called “double Holliday junction dissolution,” ensures untangling of DNA at the conclusion of repair. Here, we used cross-link mass spectrometry to show how the BS complex assembles. Using biochemical reactions and cell complementation with mutant proteins, our results reveal an important role of helicase dimerization (and tight coupling of proteins within the complex) for double Holliday junction dissolution and genome stability.
Twisted molecular wires polarize spin currents at room temperature
Authors: Ko Chih-Hung , Zhu Qirong , Tassinari Francesco , Bullard George , Zhang Peng , Beratan David N. , Naaman Ron , Therien Michael J. 
Published: February 2022

Significance
In contrast to conventional electronics, spintronics devices exploit the electron spin as an additional degree of freedom. The chirality-induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect, in which chiral molecules act as spin filters in electron transport, provides a pathway to control spins in molecules. We describe an approach that integrates both spin-polarizing and spin-propagating functionality into organic structures that feature low charge transport resistances. Binding chiral ligands to molecular wires controls polarized spin handedness, regulates spin currents, generates large NIR rotational strengths, and provides a mechanism to flip the favored spin orientation for spin transmission through chiral organic molecules. This work points the way to materials that provide both high spin selectivity and large-magnitude spin currents via the CISS mechanism.
Middle formation and inalienability in Asturian
Authors: Suárez-Palma Imanol 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Asturian middle-passive contexts containing activity verbs, such as lleer (to read), as well as a relational or body-part noun as their grammatical subject allow for the insertion of a non-selected dative argument interpreted as the inalienable possessor of such noun. Two configurations can yield these structures: one where the dative phrase raises to preverbal subject position, and another where the dative DP is left-dislocated and the theme in subject position. Interestingly, an analysis relying on the notion of low applicative heads relating the possessor and the possessee cannot successfully account for these configurations. An approach whereby the inalienable possession construal arises inside the DP-theme and subsequently spreads to the applicative head that introduces the dative possessor successfully overcomes this shortcoming.
Distinguishing psychological Given/New from linguistic
Topic/Focus makes things clearer
Authors: Lombardi Vallauri Edoardo 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The paper suggests that there is no contradiction in
cleft sentences focalizing information which was already introduced
by the preceding context, because being already active in discourse
(i.e., Given) is not the same as being linguistically encoded as a
Topic, and Given information can be focalized in discourse. Clefts
should be explained precisely as constructions devoted mainly to
focalizing already active information. A side-effect of the analysis
is to assess that the role of syntax in expressing Information
Structure is a secondary one, because syntactic triggers of
Information Structure only work when accompanied by prosodic
triggers, whereas prosodic means can work alone.
To be or not to be focus adverbials?
Authors: De Cesare Anna-Maria 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The goal of this study is to cast new light on one of the
main defining properties of focus adverbials, namely their
interaction with the focus structure of the sentence. Following the
framework known as Language into Act Theory, we
describe the interaction between It. anche and
focal information, considered in relation to the accomplishment of a
speech act. The results of a corpus-driven study of spontaneous
spoken Italian allow proposing a more detailed definition of focus
adverbials, which takes into account two layers of information
structure: the semantico-presuppositional layer and the
pragmatic-illocutionary layer. We claim that association with focus
is a stable feature of focus adverbials only in relation to the
first layer of information structure.
Flat metasurfaces with square supercells of

2×2

dielectric disk quadrumers: tailoring the fine structure of toroidal mode local field
Authors: Dmitriev Victor , Zografopoulos Dimitrios C , Silva Santos Silvio Domingos , da Silva Barros Gabriel Felipe 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We suggest and investigate a new all-dielectric flat metasurface based on high-index dielectric disks. The unit cell of the metasurface is a quadrumer of the disks providing excitation of quasi-dark toroidal dipole resonances. Four quadrumers are grouped in a supercell with the highest possible geometrical symmetry

C

4
v

. Using representation theory of groups and the symmetry adapted linear combination method, we show that in order to access the toroidal supermodes in the metasurface, one has firstly to break the symmetry of the quadrumer and then the symmetry of the unit supercell. We discuss also in detail different mechanisms of symmetry reduction. By reducing the unit supercell geometrical symmetry to the C

s
group, the metasurface can provide resonances with both toroidal and antitoroidal order. Full-wave and eigenfrequency simulations confirm the theoretical predictions. Finally, we discuss possible applications of the analyzed structures.
Quantitative laser diagnostics on trimethylindium pyrolysis and photolysis for functional nanoparticle growth
Authors: Samuelsson Per , Magnusson Martin H , Deppert Knut , Aldén Marcus , Li Zhongshan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We report on an optical investigation of the pyrolysis and photolysis of trimethylindium (TMIn) as a typical metalorganic precursor for functional nanowire growth, aiming at an in-depth understanding of the governing chemistry and optimization of aerosol-based (aerotaxy) and epitaxial growth processes. A flow reactor with special consideration given to optical access was built to provide the chemical environment for in situ optical measurements on the pyrolysis and photolysis of TMIn. By probing a resonant transition of the indium atom, high-resolution laser absorption and laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy were applied to obtain the atomic indium concentration at different chosen conditions in a spatially and temporally resolved manner. The results indicate that quantitative measurements of indium atoms under growth conditions are feasible. A 213 nm pulsed laser was employed to induce photolytic dissociation of TMIn vapor under chosen conditions. The photolytic dissociation of TMIn vapor with an ultraviolet laser turns out to be a promising method in generating substantial chemical effects, indicated by the generation of visible clouds of indium particles, and high concentrations of indium atoms far beyond the pyrolytically generated amount.
Quantum information in holographic duality
Authors: Chen Bowen , Czech Bartłomiej , Wang Zi-Zhi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We give a pedagogical review of how concepts from quantum information theory build up the gravitational side of the anti-de Sitter/conformal field theory correspondence. The review is self-contained in that it only presupposes knowledge of quantum mechanics and general relativity; other tools—including holographic duality itself—are introduced in the text. We have aimed to give researchers interested in entering this field a working knowledge sufficient for initiating original projects. The review begins with the laws of black hole thermodynamics, which form the basis of this subject, then introduces the Ryu–Takayanagi proposal, the Jafferis–Lewkowycz–Maldacena–Suh (JLMS) relation, and subregion duality. We discuss tensor networks as a visualization tool and analyze various network architectures in detail. Next, several modern concepts and techniques are discussed: Rényi entropies and the replica trick, differential entropy and kinematic space, modular Berry phases, modular minimal entropy, entanglement wedge cross-sections, bit threads, and others. We discuss the extent to which bulk geometries are fixed by boundary entanglement entropies, and analyze the relations such as the monogamy of mutual information, which boundary entanglement entropies must obey if a state has a semiclassical bulk dual. We close with a discussion of black holes, including holographic complexity, firewalls and the black hole information paradox, islands, and replica wormholes.
Control of vibration in a plate using active acoustic black holes
Authors: Hook K , Cheer J , Daley S 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Acoustic black holes (ABHs) are structural features that can be embedded into plates to provide effective structural damping. However, the performance of an embedded ABH is limited by its size, which determines the ABH cut-on frequency. It is not always practicable to increase the size of an ABH to reduce its cut-on frequency, however, previous work has shown that active vibration control can instead be used to enhance the low frequency performance of an ABH beam termination. This paper presents an investigation into the potential performance benefits that can be achieved by implementing active control into an array of ABHs embedded in a plate, realising an array of active ABHs (AABHs). The potential performance advantage is investigated here through experimental investigations, where different configurations of passive and active control treatments are applied to both a plate with embedded ABHs and a constant thickness plate. The smart structures utilise piezoelectric patches to realise the control actuation and employ an active feedforward multichannel vibration control strategy that aims to minimise the structural response monitored by an array of accelerometers. The performance of each plate configuration is evaluated in terms of the attenuation in the structural response and the energy, or control effort required. The presented experimental results demonstrate that, compared to the constant thickness plate configuration, the AABHs provide considerable passive damping above the ABH cut-on frequency and significantly reduce the required control effort.
Conceptual design of reciprocating probes and material-testing manipulator for tokamak COMPASS Upgrade
Authors: Lukes S. , Horacek J. , Veselovsky V. , Vondracek P. , Sestak D. , Adamek J. , Weinzettl V. , Duran I. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Three new in-vessel manipulators are designed and built for the new COMPASS Upgrade tokamak with uniquely high vessel temperature (250–500 °C) and heat flux density (perpendicular to divertor surface q
⊥ ∼ 80 MW/m2 and q
∥ ∼ GW/m2 at separatrix), which challenges the edge plasma diagnostics. Here we show their detailed engineering designs supported by heat conduction and mechanical models. Deep reciprocation of electrostatic probes near the separatrix should be possible by optimizing older concepts in (a) the head and probe geometry, (b) strongly increasing the deceleration up to 100× gravity by springs and strengthening the manipulator mechanical structure. One reciprocates close to the region of edge plasma influx (the outer midplane), the other at the plasma sink (between the outer divertor strike point and X-point), for studying the plasma divertor (impurity-seeded) detachment and liquid metal vapor transport. Both probe heads are equipped with a set of ball-pen and Langmuir probes, measuring reliably and extremely fast (10−6 s) local (1 mm resolution) plasma potential, density, electron temperature and heat flux and even ion temperature with 10−5 s resolution. The divertor manipulator (without reciprocation) will place various material test targets at the outer divertor. Unique will be its capability to increase 15× the surface heat flux with respect to the surrounding tungsten tiles just by controllable surface inclination of the test targets. We plan to test liquid metal targets where such inclined surface was found critical to achieve the desired mode with lithium vapor shielding. Even in the conservative expected performance of COMPASS Upgrade, we predict to reach and survive the EU DEMO relevant heat fluxes.
RGD-incorporated biomimetic cryogels for hyaline cartilage regeneration
Authors: Koh Rachel H , Kim Jisoo , Kim Seung Hyun L , Hwang Nathaniel S 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Maintaining the integrity of articular cartilage is paramount to joint health and function. Under constant mechanical stress, articular cartilage is prone to injury that often extends to the underlying subchondral bone. In this study, we incorporated arginine–aspartate–glycine (RGD) peptide into chondroitin sulfate-based cryogel for hyaline cartilage regeneration. Known to promote cell adhesion and proliferation, RGD peptide is a double-edged sword for cartilage regeneration. Depending on the peptide availability in the microenvironment, RGD may aid in redifferentiation of dedifferentiated chondrocytes by mimicking physiological cell-matrix interaction or inhibit chondrogenic phenotype via excessive cell spreading. Here, we observed an increase in chondrogenic phenotype with RGD concentration. The group containing the highest RGD concentration (3 mM; RGD group) experienced a 24-fold increase in COL2 expression in the 1st week of in vitro culture and formed native cartilage-resembling ectopic tissue in vivo. No sign of dedifferentiation (COL1) was observed in all groups. Within the concentration range tested (0–3 mM RGD), RGD promotes chondrocyte redifferentiation after monolayer expansion and thus, formation of hyaline cartilage tissue.
Nanocasting of fibrous morphology on a substrate for long-term propagation of human induced pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Li Sisi , Yoshioka Momoko , Li Junjun , Liu Li , Ye Shixin , Kamei Ken-ichiro , Chen Yong 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) can be self-renewed for many generations on nanofibrous substrates. Herein, a casting method is developed to replicate the nanofibrous morphology into a thin layer of polymethylsiloxane (PDMS). The template is obtained by electrospinning and chemical crosslinking of gelatin nanofibers on a glass slide. The replicas of the template are surface-functionalized by gelatin and used for propagation of hiPSCs over tenth generations. The performance of the propagated hiPSCs is checked by immunofluorescence imaging, flowcytometry, and RT-PCR, confirming the practicability of this method. The results are also compared to those obtained using electrospun nanofiber substrates. Inherently, the PDMS replica is of low stiffness and can be reproduced easily. Compared to other patterning techniques, casting is more flexible and cost-effective, suggesting that this method might find applications in cell-based assays that rely on stringent consideration of both substrate stiffness and surface morphology.
Unmasking the impunity of illegal deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon: a call for enforcement and accountability
Authors: Coelho-Junior Marcondes G , Valdiones Ana P , Shimbo Julia Z , Silgueiro Vinicius , Rosa Marcos , Marques Carolina Del Lama , Oliveira Magaly , Araújo Suely , Azevedo Tasso 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Amazon deforestation has been growing since 2012 and more recently under record rates. In fact, a new wave of rainforest destruction is on, challenging environmental agencies and policymakers. Political negligence has boosted deforestation in the Amazon, when coupled with deforestation drives that we already know about, as well as exempting environmental offenders and clearing the way to major infrastructure projects, in addition to weakening environmental agencies and command and control policies. In this letter, we share perspectives on the dynamics of deforestation alerts in the Brazilian Amazon and the action of public enforcement agencies, to draw attention to the urgency of supporting these entities for resuming the fight against deforestation. Our results reveal the few enforcement actions on deforestation alerts (1.3%) by the major environmental agency from the federal government. When compared with state government agencies, our in-depth case study showed a higher number of enforcement actions, promoting accountability for illegal deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon. It is evident that budget cuts for federal environmental agencies and changes in enforcement procedures have jeopardized actions to combat illegal deforestation. Our analysis calls for federal agencies to resume their powers, and for state agencies to recognize their role in environmental reinforcement and assigning liability. In the end, we list five key factors for reestablishing enforcement actions by public agencies for fighting deforestation and improving dissuasive effects.
The Used of Attractants From Coffee at Various Heights Traps to Control Coffee Berry Borer and Quality Test of Coffee Berry
Authors: Tobing M C , Sinaga S C T , Bintang  , Widihastuty  , Pramayudi N 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The coffee plant is a commodity that is widely grown in Toba Regency, Province of North Sumatera. Coffee berry borer (CBB) Hypothenemus hampei (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) is an essential pest in coffee plants which can reduce the quantity and quality of coffee fruit up to 50%. This research was to study the use of attractants derived from extract coffee bean and outer skin (pericarp) at various height traps to control CBB in Parsaoran Sibisa Village, Lumban Julu District, Toba Regency. This research method uses a factorial randomized block design with two treatments and three replications. For the first factor is the type of attractants (aqua-des, coffee beans and pericarp). The second factor is the height of the trap (0.5; 1.0 and 1.5 m). The results showed that the interaction of attactant type and trap height had no significant effect, but the attractiveness of coffee beans significantly affected CBB population trapped. The attractant of coffee beans caught 16.40 adults, 6.57 adults pericarp and 0.04 adults of distilled water. The best trap height is at 0.5 m with 8.50 adults followed by a height of 1.0 m and 1.5 m each with 8.28 adults and 6.24 adults.
Control of coffee berry borer (Hypothenemus hampei) with entomopathogenic fungi
Authors: Siswanto  , Rismayani  
Published: February 2022

Abstract
One way to control H.hampei is to use biological agents in the form of entomopathogens. This study aims to determine the effect of applying pathogenic fungi B.bassiana and L.lecaniii on population development and attack of the coffee berry borer. The test was carried out by spraying pathogenic fungi on several stalks of infected coffee cherries which were covered with gauze cages and on several sample plants that were left open. The treatments tested were a solution of the fungus B.bassiana and the fungus L.lecanii with a concentration (1 x 108/l water), as well as controls. Observations were made on borer attacks before and after treatment until harvest by counting the number of healthy coffee cherries and infected cherries. The results showed that in treatment with L.lecanii, the development of the number of holed cherry (attacked) by CBB pests decreased, while healthy cherry (unattacked) showed an increasing trend. Likewise with the treatment using B.bassiana showed a decrease in the number of cherries damaged and an increase in healthy cherry. In control, the number of cherries damaged by CBB pests appeared to be stable or tended to increase.
Ganoderma stem rot disease mapping and the chemical and biological characters of endemic lands
Authors: Eris D D , Widiastuti H , Suharyanto  , Panjaitan K , Taniwiryono D 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Basal stem rot disease caused by Ganoderma is threatening the palm oil industry. Information on the distribution of Ganoderma in the land is an important aspect to maintain oil palm production by a replanting activity. This study aimed to determine the distribution of the disease in the areas and characterized the chemical and biological properties of the soil. The research was conducted at Laras field, PTPN IV, Simalungun, North Sumatera, with a covered area of 200 Ha that consists of 13 blocks. The disease mapping was carried out by observing Ganoderma disease symptoms incidence of each area. The soil samples were analyzed for the content of C-organic, Cu, and pH. The total bacterial and fungal populations such as N-fixing and P-solubilizing bacteria were also analyzed from the soil samples. The results showed that areas with low disease incidence were blocks 94A, 94B, and 94C which covering of 55 Ha. In these blocks, consecutively the remaining healthy stands were 47, 48, and 53 trees from 130 trees per ha. The organic matter content in the soil of the blocks ranged from 0.7-1.3% (<2%), ranging from 1.2-4.4% for Cu, 107cfu/g soil for the total bacterial population, and 104colony/g soil for the fungi.
IPM on organic estate crops: opportunities and challenges
Authors: Rizal M , Trisilawati O , Mardiningsih T L , Rohimatun  , Maris P 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
An obstacle in Indonesian crop estate products marketing abroad is the contamination of chemical pesticide residues and heavy metals. Implementing integrated pest management (IPM) and organic certification on estate crops are applied to meet consumer demands for healthier, quality, and safer products. Seventy-four of the 2351 certified organic products registered at Competence Authority of Organic Food, MOA, are primary and processed products from 12 estate crops commodities, i.e. cashew, cinnamon, citronella, coffee, cocoa, coconut, kapok, palm sugar, nutmeg, pepper, tea, and vanilla. In the organic certification process, pest control is carried out integrated by combining various environmentally-friendly control components, available in the garden environment, and/or organic certified commercial biopesticides, no synthetic chemical pesticides. Farmers’ experience has shown that plant pests are relatively easy to control, while plant diseases with high damage intensity and fast spreading were difficult to control and plants must be eradicated. Therefore, a more innovative integrated pest control technology is needed to carry out organic certification in estate crops.