bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Varicella‐zoster virus in actively spreading segmental vitiligo skin: Pathological, immunochemical, and ultrastructural findings (a first and preliminary study)
Authors: Gauthier Yvon , Lepreux Sebastien , Cario‐Andre Muriel , Rambert Jérome , Dakdaki Adrien , Lafon Marie‐Edith , Abouqal Redouane , Benzekri Laila 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSegmental vitiligo (SV) is a unilateral subtype of vitiligo which is clinically characterized by a cutaneous depigmentation and histologically by a melanocyte loss from the epidermis and hair follicle reservoirs. To date, its pathogenesis remains a mystery. In many cases, this skin depigmentation shares several clinical features and dysfunctions with herpes zoster (HZ). So, for the first time, we examined whether any nucleus and cell fusion associated with a positive immunolabelling of varicella‐zoster virus (VZV) and VZV mature virions could be found in SV skin samples as in herpes zoster (HZ). A total of 40 SV samples were used for histological and immunochemical studies. Control samples were obtained from three HZ, and 10 generalized vitiligo lesions. For ultrastructural study, three recent SV and one HZ as controls were recruited. Here, we report that nuclear fusion in epidermal cells were statistically associated with recent SV (p < .001), whereas syncytia formation was associated with long‐lasting SV (p = .001). A positive detection of VZV antigen was statistically associated in the epidermis with recent SV and in the dermis with long‐lasting SV (p = .001). Finally, the discovery of mature virions in 3/3 recent SV samples provides additional arguments for our viral hypothesis.
The calm before the storm: A punctuated equilibrium theory of international politics
Authors: Joly Jeroen , Richter Friederike 
Published: September 2022

AbstractResearch has shown that policymaking in numerous domestic policies, across a multitude of polities, systematically produces a pattern of change that matches Punctuated Equilibrium Theory (PET), characterized by many incremental and occasional dramatic changes. The field of International Relations (IR), however, has paid surprisingly little attention to PET, even though the same pattern of change is also found in international politics. This study attempts to fill this gap and explains stability and change in international politics based on PET. Specifically, we detail the dynamics behind this pattern of behavior, both at the domestic and the international level, as well as their interplay. The empirical section shows that different indicators of international politics, including troop deployments, foreign aid and international trade, follow a leptokurtic pattern of change, which characterizes Punctuated Equilibrium, and whereby changes in countries' behavior are generally incremental, representing periods of relative stability, and punctuated by large changes that dramatically overthrow existing policies. Moreover, our results indicate that policy outputs where greater friction is at play are more punctuated than those policies that cannot as easily or directly be managed. This study urges future research to further explore the dynamics of stability and change at the aggregate, international level.
Third‐country exchange rate effects on foreign direct investment flows: A global vector autoregessive approach
Authors: Sarnstrom Todd , Ryan Michael 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe employ global vector autoregessive estimation to examine bilateral and third‐country exchange rate effects on U.S. FDI outflows. Our bilateral results mimic previous work on the topic and indicate host currency depreciation decreases FDI inflows. However, in contrast, third‐country exchange rates also decrease U.S. FDI outflows to those hosts. We find these exchange rate impacts are short‐lived and small relative to quarterly average U.S. outflows. This suggests a potential explanation for the mixed results in the exchange rateFDI literature; while exchange rates may have significant statistical impact on U.S. FDI outflows, typically they are not economically significant.
Association of the interaction between physical activity and sitting time with mortality in older Japanese adults
Authors: Watanabe Daiki , Yamada Yosuke , Yoshida Tsukasa , Watanabe Yuya , Hatamoto Yoichi , Fujita Hiroyuki , Miyachi Motohiko , Kimura Misaka 
Published: September 2022

PurposeTo examine how physical activity (PA) and sitting time (ST) are associated with mortality in older Japanese adults.MethodologyWe used the data of 10 233 older Japanese adults aged ≥65 years who provided valid responses to the International Physical Activity Questionnaire‐Short Form (IPAQ‐SF) by a mail survey. Both PA and ST were assessed using the IPAQ‐SF. The results were classified into high or low categories using ≥3.0 metabolic equivalent PA (150 min/week) and ST (300 min/day) into the following four groups: High PA (HPA)/Low ST (LST), HPA/High ST (HST), Low PA (LPA)/LST, and LPA/HST. Mortality data were collected from July 30, 2011, to November 30, 2016. We assessed the interaction of PA and ST status with the risk of all‐cause mortality using the multivariable Cox proportional‐hazards model.ResultsA total of 1014 people were recorded to have died during a median follow‐up period of 5.3 years (51 553 person‐years). After adjustment for confounders, the risk of mortality was higher in the LPA/HST group than in all other groups (HPA/LST: reference; HPA/HST group: hazard ratio [HR] 0.86 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.66 to 1.12); LPA/LST group: HR 1.09 (95% CI: 0.88 to 1.35); LPA/HST group: HR 1.36 (95% CI: 1.10 to 1.67); and multiplicative interaction: HR 1.44 (95% CI: 1.07 to 1.94)).ConclusionsThe risk of mortality associated with LPA/HST depends on the level of PA, duration of ST, and their interaction with each other. Our results may be useful in ameliorating the adverse effects leading to mortality in individuals with lower PA, by reducing ST.
Motivational predictors of children's involvement in out‐of‐school activities: An application of a football program
Authors: Madsen Esben Elholm , Krustrup Peter , Hansen Tina , Aggestrup Charlotte Sandager , Ntoumanis Nikos , Larsen Carsten Hvid , Pfeffer Kristina , Ivarsson Andreas , Ryom Knud , Larsen Malte Nejst , Madsen Mads , Madsen Jeppe Elholm , Elbe Anne‐Marie 
Published: September 2022

The “11 for Health in Denmark” in‐school educational football program has shown to have numerous positive physiological and psychological effects in 10‐ to 12‐year‐old schoolchildren. A key part of the successful application of the program, however, has not yet been examined, namely the motivational processes underlying participation and behavioral changes. This study examined such motivational processes (i.e., autonomous motivation, beliefs, and intentions) using the trans‐contextual model (TCM) and investigated if the 11 for Health in Denmark program increased intentions to participate in physical activity (PA) outside of school in 10‐ to 12‐year‐old schoolchildren. Using a web‐based questionnaire, Danish‐speaking schoolchildren (N = 276 [boys, 50.4%]; Mage = 10.44, SD = 0.35) from three schools and seven classes completed TCM‐based questionnaires at three time‐points (weeks 0, 1, and 5) while participating in the 11 for Health in Denmark program. Single‐indicator structural equation modeling was performed to examine goodness‐of‐fit and parameter estimates. A path analysis using maximum likelihood estimation was used to test the direct and indirect effects of the TCM model. The results partly supported a mediation sequence, as we found significant direct effects in eight of 13 motivational variables (β = −0.25–0.83, p < 0.05), indirect effects in one of nine variables (β = 0.15, p < 0.01), but no effects with regard to PA behavior. Findings provide evidence for a motivational link between Danish‐speaking schoolchildren's autonomous and controlled motivation from in school to out of school, and may inform future interventions promoting motivation and participation in out of school PA.
Membership, obligation, and the communitarian thesis
Authors: Fives Allyn 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWhy do we have obligations to the community to which we happen to belong? For communitarians, membership does more than provide the context for asking this question. In fact, the simple fact of membership goes some way towards justifying our obligations. According to the strong version of the communitarian thesis, membership is the fundamental consideration justifying political obligation; but for the weaker version, membership is one consideration among others and at times may be the less weighty one. John Horton's theory of associative obligations can be read as moving back and forth between strong and weak communitarianism. His communitarianism is strong when he rejects value pluralism, arguing that one consideration, membership, is fundamental. However, Horton also advances claims that are compatible with not only the weak version of the communitarian thesis but also value pluralism. They suggest that, if membership is one reason among others to justify obligations, it is not fundamental as it can be defeated by other considerations.
An Experimental and Computational Study on Triple Injection Strategies to Reduce Cold Start Diesel Engine Emissions
Authors: Ross Taylor W. , Naser Nimal , Robarge Nan , Kokjohn Sage L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The effect of triple injection strategies in a diesel engine to reduce cold start emissions were experimentally and computationally investigated in this work. The experiments were performed using a 1.9 L four-cylinder, turbocharged compression ignition engine with diesel fuel. As a representative of the cold start condition in the diesel engine, a low load condition of 1500 rpm and 2 bar brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) was chosen as the fixed condition for this study. The injection strategy made use of a late post injection to reduce catalyst light-off time. The pilot and main injections are fixed and the post injection timing is swept later into the expansion stroke to increase exhaust enthalpy available to heat the aftertreatment system. To further understand the source of hydrocarbon (HC) emissions from late injections, equivalent experiments were conducted with a mixture of n-heptane and iso-octane that matched the reactivity of the diesel fuel. The mixture of primary reference fuels (i.e., PRF 34) obtained by matching the cetane number (CN) of diesel fuel, showed similar combustion characteristics of diesel, but is much more volatile due to lighter components in the PRF mixture. The increased volatility of PRF 34 suppressed liquid fuel impingement on the cylinder liner, which isolated liner impingement as a possible source of HC emissions. Simulations were also performed for the present engine configuration and operating conditions in a sector mesh using CONVERGE™. The physical properties of diesel fuel were modeled using a five-component surrogate. The chemical kinetics of the diesel fuel were modeled with a reduced n-heptane model. The simulations were able to capture the experimental trends of combustion characteristics and emissions. The HC emissions were observed to increase for both fuels with retarded post injection timings in engine experiments. PRF 34 had comparable HC emissions to diesel experiments, which indicated that the liner impingement is not the main source of the increase in HC emissions. Overmixing of the fuel and air was identified as the major cause of increase in HC emissions. Additionally, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) also intensified the overmixing phenomenon and thereby increase in HC emissions.
Application of Machine Learning to Forced Response Predictions of an Industrial Axial Compressor Rotor Blade
Authors: Bruni Giuseppe , Krishnababu Senthil , Jackson Simon 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Machine learning has gone way beyond a ground-breaking technology a few decades ago to now taken for granted in many day-to-day activities. It is now providing new ways for manufacturing, assembling, operating, monitoring, and maintaining products. Typical application areas include performance optimization, quality improvements, fault detection and predictive maintenance. In this paper application of machine learning algorithms to forced response prediction during the design and analysis of a typical gas turbine compressor blade is reported. The forced response prediction process typically involves utilizing harmonic or time domain computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analyses to compute the forcing and the aero damping, to calculate reserve factors that represent the high cycle fatigue life of the blade. This time-consuming process is generally limited to the later phases of the design cycle and can lead to hundreds of calculations if one must address all the resonances in a typical twin shaft running range. A neural network trained using historical data is used to directly predict the reserve factor with high confidence without the need for costlier high fidelity CFD by using just the finite elements (FE) predicted parameters. This allows to perform high-fidelity aero-mechanical assessment at an early stage in the design process. Further, application of image recognition using a convoluted neural network to aid in the identification of FE predicted Modeshapes is also demonstrated, which can also improve the quality of the reserve factor predictions.
Characterization of an Apparatus to Study Solid Deposit Formation in Lubricating Oils at High Temperatures
Authors: Juárez Raquel , Gutierrez Noble , Petersen Eric L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
When exposed to excessively high temperatures, the lubricating oils in turbines undergo extreme oxidation and thermal degradation processes that eventually result in the formation of solid deposits that can, in turn, cause operational problems. This work describes the testing and characterization process of a newly constructed test rig that studies the propensity of lubricants to form such deposits. In the test rig, the lubricant flows through a heated tube, thermally degrades or oxidizes, and forms solid deposits that adhere to the heated surface. An oil flow rate calibration curve as a function of pump speed was developed using two oils, Castrol GTX 20W-50 and Mobil DTE 732. The steady-state axial temperature distribution along the heated tube was measured for temperature settings of up to 475 °C and flow rates of 10.4, 12.2, and 13.9 mL/min using Mobil DTE 732. The results showed that the surface temperature is not uniform, but that it varies axially as is expected from the heat transfer in the thermal entrance region of a pipe with laminar flow. Examples of the results of tests performed with the apparatus using Mobil DTE 732 and Castrol GTX 20W-50 flowing at 10.4 mL/min with surface temperatures between 328 and 489 °C are presented. Based on these tests, it is clear that the induction time for solid-deposit formation can be unambiguously determined using the experimental apparatus. The induction times of the sample tests described were found to be 638 ± 10 min and 86 ± 10 min for Mobil DTE 732 and Castrol GTX 20W-50, respectively.
The Role of Industry 4.0 Technologies in Manufacturing Sustainability Assessment
Authors: Ramanujan Devarajan , Bernstein William Z. , Diaz-Elsayed Nancy , Haapala Karl R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
To understand the past successes and future opportunities for applying Industry 4.0 technologies toward manufacturing sustainability assessment, this state-of-the-art review examines previous literature at the intersection of these domains. Specifically, we focus on the application of Industry 4.0 technologies in the context of the following stages in manufacturing sustainability assessment: (i) planning, infrastructure development, and problem definition, (ii) performance measurement, (iii) results interpretation and decision-making, as well as (iv) intervention, control, and validation strategies. On the basis of the literature review, we present the trends, benefits, research gaps, and required future work for holistically integrating the research domains mentioned above. To accompany this literature review, we performed a meta-analysis of 14,498 articles and compared them to 316 articles compiled from a focused literature search. Based on database-controlled keywords, networks representing keyword co-occurrences were constructed to reveal clusters of related terms and evaluate overall term centrality (i.e., importance). Results from this analysis showed that the two datasets exhibited a similar network structure and also helped reveal Industry 4.0-related opportunities for manufacturing sustainability assessment. They include areas such as automation, robotics, and advanced inspection technologies, which are yet to be exploited in manufacturing sustainability assessment. Further research is needed to investigate whether the incorporation of such areas can (i) facilitate more robust and accessible assessments of manufacturing sustainability and (ii) make manufacturing systems themselves more sustainable.
“STAR WARS™: The First Jedi” Gamification Program: Improvement of Fitness Among College Students
Authors: Mora-Gonzalez Jose , Navarro-Mateos Carmen , Pérez-López Isaac J. 
Published: September 2022

Purpose: To examine the effects of a 14-week gamification-based physical education teaching program on fitness in college students. Method: A convenience sample of 112 college students (21.22 ± 2.55 years) was distributed among a gamification-based group or a control group (i.e., traditional teaching). College students from the gamification group used a game-based mobile app under the narrative of “STAR WARS™” with a countdown, so they had to gain lifetime. Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed by the 20-m shuttle run test. Muscular fitness was measured by the handgrip strength and the standing broad jump tests. Results: Participants from the gamification program reported a significantly higher cardiorespiratory fitness and upper and lower body muscular fitness at postintervention, indicated by an effect size of 0.86 (p < .001), 0.18 (p = .018), and 0.52 (p < .001), respectively. Conclusion: Gamification can have an important implication on students’ motivation toward higher fitness.
Disparities in intimate partner violence among women at the intersection of disability and HIV status in South Africa: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Akobirshoev Ilhom , Valentine Anne , Zandam Hussaini , Nandakumar Allyala , Jewkes Rachel , Blecher Mark , Mitra Monika 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivePrevious research suggests a significant relationship between intimate partner violence (IPV) and HIV infection in women and that the risk of IPV is heightened in women with disabilities. Women with disabilities, particularly those residing in low-income and middle-income countries, may experience additional burdens that increase their vulnerability to IPV. We aimed to examine the association between having disability and HIV infection and the risk of IPV among women in South Africa.DesignUsing the 2016 South Africa Demographic and Health Survey, we calculated the prevalence of IPV and conducted modified Poisson regressions to estimate the unadjusted and adjusted risk ratios of experiencing IPV by disability and HIV status.ParticipantsOur final analytical sample included 1269 ever-partnered women aged 18–49 years, who responded to the IPV module and received HIV testing.ResultsThe prevalence of IPV was twice as high in women with disabilities with HIV infection compared with women without disabilities without HIV infection (21.2% vs 50.1%). Our unadjusted regression analysis showed that compared with women without disabilities without HIV infection, women with disabilities with HIV infection had almost four times higher odds (OR 3.72, 95% CI 1.27 to 10.9, p<0.05) of experiencing IPV. It appeared that women with disabilities with HIV infection experience compounded disparity. The association was compounded, with the OR for the combination of disability status and HIV status equal to or more than the sum of each of the individual ORs.ConclusionsWomen with disabilities and HIV infection are at exceptionally high risk of IPV in South Africa. Given that HIV infection and disability magnify each other’s risks for IPV, targeted interventions to prevent IPV and to address the complex and varied needs of doubly marginalised populations of women with disabilities with HIV infection are critical.
Development of a multidimensional culturally and socially inclusive measure of factors that support resilience: Child Resilience Questionnaire-Child report (CRQ-C)—a community-based participatory research and psychometric testing study in Australia
Authors: Gartland Deirdre , Riggs Elisha , Giallo Rebecca , Glover Karen , Stowe Mardi , Mongta Sharon , Weetra Donna , Brown Stephanie Janne 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveDevelopment and testing of a comprehensive and social and culturally inclusive child-report measure of resilience factors supporting positive outcomes in the face of adversity.DesignThe measure is based on a socioecological model of resilience and was developed and revised using community-based participatory research methods with Aboriginal and refugee background communities. Pilot testing and validation of the child-report version (Child Resilience Questionnaire-Child report (CRQ- C)) is described in this paper.SettingAustralia.ParticipantsChildren aged 7–12 years from culturally and socially diverse backgrounds completed the CRQ- C in the pilot (n=387) and validation study (n=775). Families recruited via hospital clinics, Aboriginal and refugee background communities and nested follow-up of participants in an existing cohort study.AnalysisThe factor structure and construct validity of CRQ-C scales were assessed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Preliminary assessment of criterion validity was conducted usinghe Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Internal consistency of final scales was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha.ResultsConceptually developed CRQ-C was over inclusive of resilience factors and items. Exploratory factor analyses and confirmatory factor analyses supported 10 subscales reflecting personal resilience factors (positive self/future, managing emotions) and connectedness to family, school and culture. Excellent scale reliability (α=0.7–0.9) for all but one scale (Friends, α=0.6). Significant negative correlation between CRQ-C and SDQ total difficulty score supporting criterion validity (rs=−0.317, p<0.001).ConclusionThe CRQ-C is a new culturally and socially inclusive self-report measure of resilience factors in childhood, with demonstrated content, construct and scale reliability. Further testing of criterion validity required. Availability of child and parent report CRQ supports broad applications in clinical, research and intervention work. Socially inclusive and culturally appropriate tools are fundamental to create the evidence needed to assess and guide intervention efforts.