bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of positive end-expiratory pressure on central venous pressure in the closed and open thorax
Authors: Jha Lalit , Lata Suman , Jha Ajay Kumar , Prasad Sreevathsa KS 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Objective. The magnitude and mechanism of the rise of central venous pressure (CVP) after positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) among patients with cardiac disease is poorly understood. Therefore, the study aimed to compare the magnitude of change in CVP after PEEP in patients with TR (tricuspid regurgitation), high CVP, and high PCWP (pulmonary capillary wedge pressure) and in those with no TR, low CVP, and low PCWP. Additionally, we hypothesized that PEEP in the open thorax would also lead to a rise in CVP. Approach. This prospective, quasi-experimental study was conducted in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Three consecutive readings of variables were obtained at 1 min intervals after PEEP (5 and 10 cm H2O) application in the closed and open thorax. Patients were stratified a priori into low CVP (<10 cm H2O) and high CVP (≥10 cm H2O), no TR and TR, and low PCWP (<15 mm Hg) and high PCWP (≥15 mm Hg) in the closed and open thorax. Main Results. Sixty-two patients were eligible for final analysis. The mean difference (MD) in ΔCVP (CVP10 cm H2O of PEEP—CVP zero end-expiratory pressure) was 2.33 ± 1.13 (95% CI, 2.04–2.62, P = 0.000) and 1.02 ± 0.77 (95% CI, 0.82–1.22, P = 0.000) in the closed and open thorax, respectively. The increase in CVP was higher among patients who had a lower CVP (2.64 ± 0.9 mm Hg versus 1.45 ± 1.17 mm Hg; p=0.000), in patients without TR (2.64 ± 0.97 mm Hg versus 2.14 ± 1.2 mm Hg, p=0.09) and in patients with a lower PCWP (2.4 ± 0.9 mm Hg versus 2.3 ± 1.4 mm Hg, p=0.67) at 10 cm H2O PEEP in the closed thorax. Significance. The rise in CVP was higher among patients without TR, low CVP, and low PCWP. Zero intrathoracic pressure in the open thorax did not abolish the effect of PEEP on CVP rise altogether.
Foundations of plasma photonics: lamps, lasers, and electromagnetic devices
Authors: Nijdam Sander , Desai Kavita V , Park Sung-Jin , Sun Peter P , Sakai Osamu , Lister Graeme , Eden J Gary 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The enduring contributions of low temperature plasmas to both technology and science are largely a result of the atomic, molecular, and electromagnetic (EM) products they generate efficiently such as electrons, ions, excited species, and photons. Among these, the production of light has arguably had the greatest commercial impact for more than a century, and plasma sources emitting photons over the portion of the EM spectrum extending from the microwave to soft x-ray regions are currently the workhorses of general lighting (outdoor and indoor), photolithography for micro- and nano-fabrication of electronic devices, disinfection, frequency standards (atomic clocks), lasers, and a host of other photonic applications. In several regions of the EM spectrum, plasma sources have no peer, and this article is devoted to an overview of the physics of several selected plasma light sources, with emphasis on thermal arc and fluorescent lamps and the more recently-developed microcavity plasma lamps in the visible and ultraviolet/vacuum ultraviolet regions. We also briefly review the physics of plasma-based metamaterials and plasma photonic crystals in which low temperature plasma tunes the EM properties of filters, resonators, mirrors, and other components in the microwave, mm, and sub-mm wavelength regions.
Synergistic self-healing effect of fiber and bio-capsule on mortar cracks
Authors: Wu Mingyue , Hu Xiangming , Zhang Qian , Liang Yuntao , Zhao Yanyun , Wang Wei , Qin Botao 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Self-healing is an effective technique to prolong the service life of cement-based materials. In this study, the porous volcanic rock was used as the carrier to prepare the bio-capsules, and the waterproofness and storage stability of the bio-capsules were studied by weighing method. The influence of different dosage of bio-capsules on mortar strength was studied by three-point bending and uniaxial compression. Then, PVA and sisal fibers containing a large amount of –OH and bio-capsules were placed in cement mortar, and the self-healing effect of mortar cracks, as well as the synergistic heal mechanisms of both fibers and bio-capsules on the formation of cracks were studied by using water permeability, gas permeability, crack healing width and healing area. The results show that the bio-capsules have good waterproofness and storage stability. When the content of bio-capsules was 12%, the compressive and flexural strengths of the mortar could be increased by 32.01% and 14.39%, respectively. The water permeability of the mortar was reduced by two orders of magnitude (from 1.63 × 10−4 to 7.55 × 10−6 cm s−1) after crack healing. At the end of testing (28 days), most cracks with widths of 0–600 μm were completely healed, leading to an area healing rate of 100% for sample C–BH. The presence of large amounts of –OH in the fiber could keep the crack area in the water environment, as well as accelerate the rate of bacterial mineralization and the fiber as the nucleation site can make the mineralization product form three-dimensional networking structures in the cracked areas.
Gamma-ray shielding, electrical, and magnetic properties of α-Fe2O3/Al/HDPE nanocomposites
Authors: Reda A M , Azab A A , Turky G M 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In this work, different ratios of iron oxide (α-Fe2O3) and aluminum metal (Al) nanoparticles in powder shape have been used to prepare HDPE nanocomposites for γ-rays shielding applications. The electrical and magnetic properties of prepared samples were investigated. The WinXCom and MCNP5 programs have been used to calculate the mass attenuation coefficients (μ ρ
−1) of γ-rays for the prepared samples. The μ ρ
−1 for the prepared samples have been measured experimentally via a narrow beam of γ-rays at energies of 662, 1173, and 1332 keV from 131Cs and 60Co radioactive sources. The impact of α-Fe2O3 and Al on the γ-ray shielding ability of prepared composites have been clarified. The exposure buildup factor (EBF) has been calculated at energies of 0.015, 0.1, 1, and 10 MeV using MCNP5 program. The results indicated that the fillers affected the EBF at photon energies less than 0.1 MeV. HDPE as a polymeric matrix shows very stability with non-polar features against temperature and frequency. However, the prepared nanocomposites show a remarkable enhancement of their dielectric and electrical properties. Furthermore, the magnetic measurements depict unsaturated weak ferromagnetic behavior for α-Fe2O3 nanocomposites, and diamagnetic characteristics for HDPE and Al. The HDPE-based nanocomposites showed improved electrical and magnetic properties along with improved ability to attenuate low-energy γ-rays compared to pure HDPE.
Simulation Study of Network Reconfiguration and Load-balancing Method for the Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory Data Center
Authors: Wang Jie , Zhang Hailong , Wang Na , Ye Xinchen , Wang Wanqiong , Li Jia , Zhang Meng , Zhang Yazhou , Du Xu 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory Data Center faces issues related to delay-affected services. As a result, these services cannot be implemented in a timely manner due to the overloading of transmission links. In this paper, the software-defined network technology is applied to the Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory Data Center Network (XAO-DCN). Specifically, a novel reconfiguration method is proposed to realise the software-defined Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory Data Center Network (SDXAO-DCN), and a network model is constructed. To overcome the congestion problem, a traffic load-balancing algorithm is designed for fast transmission of the service traffic by combining three factors: network structure, congestion level and transmission service. The proposed algorithm is compared with current commonly load-balancing algorithms which are used in data center to verify its efficiency. Simulation experiments show that the algorithm improved transmission performance and transmission quality for the SDXAO-DCN.
Winners and losers in brain computer interface competitive gaming: directional connectivity analysis
Authors: Putri Finda , Susnoschi Luca Ioana , Garcia Pedro Jorge Abdullah , Ding Hao , Vučković Aleksandra 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Objective. To characterize the direction within and between brain connectivity in winning and losing players in a competitive brain-computer interface game. Approach. Ten dyads (26.9 ± 4.7 yr old, eight females and 12 males) participated in the study. In a competitive game based on neurofeedback, they used their relative alpha (RA) band power from the electrode location Pz, to control a virtual seesaw. The players in each pair were separated into winners (W) and losers (L) based on their scores. Intrabrain connectivity was analyzed using multivariate Granger causality (GC) and directed transfer function, while interbrain connectivity was analyzed using bivariate GC. Main results. Linear regression analysis revealed a significant relationship (p < 0.05) between RA and individual scores. During the game, W players maintained a higher RA than L players, although it was not higher than their baseline RA. The analysis of intrabrain GC indicated that both groups engaged in general social interactions, but only the W group succeeded in controlling their brain activity at Pz. Group L applied an inappropriate metal strategy, characterized by strong activity in the left frontal cortex, indicative of collaborative gaming. Interbrain GC showed a larger flow of information from the L to the W group, suggesting a higher capability of the W group to monitor the activity of their opponent. Significance. Both innate neurological indices and gaming mental strategies contribute to game outcomes. Future studies should investigate whether there is a causal relationship between these two factors.
Equilibrium effects on the structure of island divertor and its impact on the divertor heat flux distribution in Wendelstein 7-X
Authors: Zhou S. , Liang Y. , Knieps A. , Suzuki Y. , Geiger J. , Dinklage A. , Langenberg A. , Pasch E. , Jakubowski M. , Pablant N. , Wang N.C. , Drews P. , Bozhenkov S. , Liu S. , Xu S. , Gao Y. , Ding Y.H. , Huang Z. , the W7-X Team  
Published: July 2022

Abstract
To support the planning of high-performance long-pulse plasma operation for W7-X, the role of equilibrium effects for the structure of island divertor and its profound impacts on the divertor heat flux distribution have been investigated. Finite-beta full-field three-dimensional equilibria for the four most important configurations of W7-X (‘standard’, ‘high-mirror’, ‘high-iota’ and ‘low-iota’) were obtained with the HINT code. Equilibrium calculations show a strong dependence of the edge stochastization on the magnetic configurations. Parameterization to estimate equilibrium effects on edge stochastization and plasma shape was attempted for individual functions. The results indicate that a more stochastic boundary can be attained with increasing plasma beta, except for the low-iota configuration. According to fully diffusive heat-load estimations, it turns out that equilibrium effects are beneficial for spreading the heat flux on the divertor target. The interactions of the beta effects with effects driven by the toroidal plasma current are also analyzed for the standard configuration. Infrared camera measurements confirm the predictions concerning global heat load distributions.
From optimal to robust climate strategies: expanding integrated assessment model ensembles to manage economic, social, and environmental objectives
Authors: Ferrari Luca , Carlino Angelo , Gazzotti Paolo , Tavoni Massimo , Castelletti Andrea 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Cost-benefit integrated assessment models generate welfare-maximizing mitigation pathways under a set of assumptions to deal with deep uncertainty in future scenarios. These assumptions include socio-economic projections, the magnitude and dynamics of climate impacts on the economy, and physical climate response. As models explore the uncertainty space within the boundaries of their objective functions, they risk providing scenarios which are too narrow and not sufficiently robust. Here, we apply robust and multi-objective decision-making methods to extract relevant information from a large ensemble of optimal emissions-reduction pathways generated by a regionalized cost-benefit integrated assessment model under deterministic welfare optimization. We show that shifting the focus from optimal to robust solutions reduces the uncertainty in mitigation strategies and aligns them toward the Paris goals. Moreover, we analyze the trade-offs between climatic (temperature), social (inequality) and economic (welfare) objectives and illustrate four robust pathways under various decision-making criteria. We show that robust mitigation strategies can lead to regional emission-reduction strategies which are fair. Our results show how to extract more comprehensive climate strategies from available scenario ensembles and that the highest discrepancies at the local level policies are found in the developing and most-impacted regions.
New solutions in the technology of low-fat cheeses
Authors: Vakhrusheva D S , Sviridenko G M , Mordvinova V A , Delitskaya I N 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Low-fat cheeses with the reduced calorie content are of interest both for consumers seeking to reduce the calorie content of the diet, without deteriorating the product taste, and for cheese manufacturers. However, low-fat cheeses made from cow's milk using traditional technologies usually have a mild taste, aroma and coarse consistency. The unsatisfactory quality of this group of cheeses has highlighted the need to search for new methods, including the use of biotechnological means. One of the directions of research is the use, along with the main acid-forming starter microflora, of adjunct cultures, capable of intensifying enzymatic processes during cheese ripening. The article presents the research results of the influence of adjunct cultures of propionic acid bacteria of Propionibacterium freudenreichii in combination with different ripening conditions on the organoleptic characteristics of cheeses with reduced calorie content. It was found that the best result in terms of consistency, taste and aroma was obtained in cheese made with the addition of propionic acid bacteria and ripening at a temperature of 12±1 °C. Ripening of cheeses using a three-stage temperature regime, including 14 days of ageing in a warm ripening room, ensures the formation of eyes of the correct rounded shape, but leads to a deterioration in other organoleptic characteristics.
Detection and mapping of May 2021 flood in Beaufort, Sabah using Sentinel-1 SAR and Sentinel-2 multispectral in Google Earth Engine
Authors: Suab Stanley Anak , Supe Hitesh , Avtar Ram , Dambul Ramzah , Chen Xinyu 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Recurring floods severely impacted the livelihood and socio-economic. It causes disruption of clean water, electricity, communications, properties damages and sometimes loss of life. Information on flooded areas is crucial for effective emergency responses support. In this study we used Sentinel 1 (S-1) C-band and Sentinel 2 (S-2) Multispectral satellite imageries where wider area covered in 12 days repeat satellite pass. The flood event on the 26 May 2021 was identified and we retrieved the S-1 GRD SAR imagery and S-2 level-2A BOA in GEE environment. We analysed the S-1 VV, VH, VV/VH imagery by pixels clustering using object based SNIC classification and Machine Learning (ML) algorithm for extraction of waterbody. Meanwhile for the S-2 we used MNDWI and extracted the waterbody area using thresholding value. We obtained the final flooded area of S-1 and S-2 by subtraction with permanent waterbody. The S-2 flood estimation results were better than S-1. However, S-2 limited to cloud free and less cloudy coverage while S-1 lacking of ability to identify flood in detailed was influenced by slope shadow area. This study provides the basis of detection and mapping floods using S-1 and S-2 imageries through Machine Learning techniques in GEE for local scope of Sabah, Borneo region and Malaysia.
Monitoring green biomass utilizing remote sensing techniques for agriculture and forest areas in East Malaysia
Authors: Razali Sheriza Mohd , Samdin Zaiton , Lion Marryanna , Atuchar Arnaldo Marin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Forests and agricultural plantations are vegetated areas that play an important role in catering to human needs. The characteristics of the two lands can be recognized by utilizing remote sensing techniques of WorldView-2 satellite images as green biomass monitoring tools. The research was undertaken in Sabah Softwoods Berhad (SSB) forest plantation, East Malaysia, to analyze land use in the high functionality areas. Aside from the social benefits, there has been a lack of research conducted to estimate the areas’ Net Primary Productivity (NPP) using remote sensing of biophysical characteristics. The NPP quantifies the biomass generated by the green plants, which provides the chemical energy that drives most of the biotic processes on the Earth. The NPP calculated from the study for all land features in the study areas ranged from 39.33 gCm−2 month−1 to 1498.00 gCm-2 month-1. This work has established a new NPP assessment for all land features in the Brumas forest plantation in East Malaysia. Because NPP is an estimate of the earth’s living biomass, this type of approach should be used to develop biomass maps to meet human requirements on the planet.
Web GIS Development for National COVID-19 Immunization Programme
Authors: Yeap W C 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Sustainable coordination and certainty of delivery are essential to achieving holistic COVID-19 vaccination, which covers the whole country. On November 4th 2020, the National Security Council (NSC) has structured the COVID-19 Risk Area Geo-Data Working Group, which consists of the Ministry of Health Malaysia (MOH), Malaysian Administrative Modernisation and Management Planning Unit (MAMPU), Department of Survey and Mapping Malaysia (JUPEM), Department of Statistics Malaysia (DOSM), PLAN Malaysia and Malaysian Space Agency (MYSA). As of February 2021, Malaysia has access to 66.7 million doses of COVID-19 vaccines supplied through the COVAX Facility and initial purchases from 5 vaccine manufacturers. Vaccination for COVID-19 is voluntary and will be provided free of charge to all Malaysian citizens and non-citizens in three phases. JUPEM through the Defence Geospatial Division (BGSP) has been entrusted to develop a Web GIS application, after a string of successes in developing Joint Common Operation Picture (JCOP) in the early stages of transmission of COVID-19. BGSP has developed Web Applications and Dashboards to provide an overview that can help in the planning, implementation and operation of vaccination centres for the National COVID-19 Immunization Programme (PICK) in Malaysia.
Smartphone Distance Measurement Application Using Image Processing Methods
Authors: Jasmari J. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This study introduces a new method to measure the distance of an object from an observer location using image processing methods by utilizing smartphone camera technology. This study involved the development of an application for distance measurement where users can measure the distance of an object using their smartphone. For this study, the basic image processing method was used to determine the proportional width of the object marker which then be used to derive the distance to the object. The application has been successfully developed where the distance from the smartphone to the object marker can be obtained with an accuracy of +/-0.05 meters for distances of less than 3 meters. However, further research needs to be conducted to enhance the application modules for better distance measurement accuracy. This study indicated that the development of smartphone applications using image processing methods has great potential to be applied in various distance measurement applications in the near future, especially in data collection activities for the production of small-scale topographic maps or for land surveying applications.
Production of drone orthomosaic map of UTHM Wetland Conservation Research Station using UAV photogrammetry
Authors: Kamarudin Kamarul Rahim , Wei Yap Jing 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
UTHM Wetland Conservation Research Station is a newly introduced biodiversity conservation site in Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM) Pagoh branch campus, Johor, Malaysia. However, due to the unavailability of current orthomosaic map of the allocated land area to be developed for the UTHM Wetland Conservation Research Station, especially from Google Maps and Google Earth Pro application, its current geospatial features were not up-to-date. Therefore, this study was done to map the UTHM Wetland Conservation Research Station land area for the latest geospatial features prior to the research station development. For such purpose, drone orthomasaic mapping technique was incorporated in this study, by which 1583 still aerial images were captured with DJI Mavic Air 2. The flight mission was completed using Dronelink software version 2.6.1. A number of 1577 out of 1583 images were successfully aligned as camera stations using Agisoft Metashape Standard Version 1.7.2, with six unaligned images. A drone orthomosaic map was then produced based on the 1577 camera stations. As a result, the final output is a drone orthomosaic map with good quality that represents the current overview of the study area, thus providing the most up-to-date information of the UTHM Wetland Conservation Research Station land area.
Adopting drone technology in STEM education for rural communities
Authors: Jemali Noor Janatun Naim , Rahim Aqilah Abdul , Rosly Mohamad Radi Mohamed , Susanti Siti , Daliman Shaparas , Muhamamad Marinah , Karim Muhammad Firdaus Abdul 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) subjects have always been the most challenging topics in education. One of the reasons is the dearth use of technology, especially for underprivileged students located in rural areas. Incorporating a drone in the STEM curriculum supports education that incorporates tangible experience such as observations, formation of concepts as well as creating imaginative and creative thinking. A drone@school initiative was introduced to foster the ICT technical and knowledge sharing among underprivileged students, hence exposing them to the recent technology in strengthening STEM education. The project has been carried out using an online platform by introducing the theoretical and application of drones in real-life practices. The responses from this project were very encouraging whereby utilizing drones as the medium, the level of understanding in STEM education had increased to 96.6%. Besides, the respondents’ interest in STEM subjects significantly increased from 53.4% to 89.8%. The findings from the pre-and post-surveys revealed that the drone-based STEM learning approach had a positive impact on rural students’ enthusiasm and excitement.