bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder and their families: a mixed-methods study protocol
Authors: Dekker Linda , Hooijman Linde , Louwerse Anneke , Visser Kirsten , Bastiaansen Dennis , Ten Hoopen Leontine , De Nijs Pieter , Dieleman Gwen , Ester Wietske , Van Rijen Susan , Truijens Femke , Van der Hallen Ruth 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic is a challenge for everyone, particularly for children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). ASD is a developmental disorder characterised by limitations in social communication, repetitive behavioural patterns, and limited interests, and activities. It is expected that many families with children with ASD will experience more problems due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the related public health restrictions. At the same time, some may experience improved functioning, due to fewer expectations and social demands.Methods/designIn a mixed-method study to identify the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, parents of children with ASD (ages 4–21) who were in care pre-COVID-19 at one of three large mental healthcare institutions in the region of Rotterdam participated (68 for T0, 57 for T1). The aims are (1) to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on overall functioning and autistic symptoms of the child/adolescent with ASD, as well as parental and family functioning (QUANT-QUAL), in both the short term and longer term, and (2) to investigate risk and protective factors (in light of resilience) (QUANT-qual) and (3) to investigate care and informational needs (QUAL-quant). Pre-COVID-19 baseline data will be retrieved from clinical records. Participants will fill out two surveys (one during a COVID-19 peak—January–May 2021—and one thereafter). Survey participants were invited to participate in interviews (n=27). Surveys include measures thar were included pre-COVID-19 (ie, overall functioning and autism symptoms) as well as specific measures to identify family functioning and COVID-19 impact. The semistructured interviews focus on child, parent and family functioning and care—and informational needs.Ethics and disseminationThe Medical Ethics Committee of the Erasmus MC has approved the study. Findings will be available to families of children with ASD, their care providers, the funders, autism societies, the government and other researchers.
Effectiveness of smart living environments to support older adults to age in place in their community: an umbrella review protocol
Authors: Tannou Thomas , Lihoreau Thomas , Gagnon-Roy Mireille , Grondin Myrian , Bier Nathalie 
Published: January 2022

IntroductionFrailty is a vulnerable condition exposing older adults to incidental adverse health events that negatively impact their quality of life and increase health and social costs. Digital solutions may play a key role in addressing this global problem and in particular, smart living environments. Smart living environments involve a notion of measurement or collection of data via several sensors, capturing the person’s behaviours in the home or the person’s health status over a long period of time. It thus has great potential for home support for older adults. The objective of this umbrella review will be: (1) to document the effectiveness of smart living environments to support ageing in place for frail older adults and (2) among the reviews assessing the effectiveness of smart living environment, to gather evidence on what factors and strategies were identified as influencing the implementation process.Methods and analysisWe will include systematic and scoping reviews of both quantitative and qualitative primary studies with or without meta-analysis focusing on assessing the effectiveness of interventions through smart living environments to support older adults in the community to age in place. The literature search will be done through the following biomedical, technological and sociological citation databases: MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science and PsycINFO, and quality assessment of the reviews will be done thought AMSTAR2 checklist. The analysis of the results will be presented in narrative form.Ethics and disseminationOur review will rely exclusively on published data from secondary sources and will thus not involve any interactions with human subjects. The results will be presented at international conferences and publications.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021249849.
Cohort profile: Alliance for Quality Assessment in Healthcare-Dialysis (AQuAH-D) prospective cohort study of patients on haemodialysis in Japan
Authors: Shimizu Sayaka , Onishi Yoshihiro , Kabaya Koji , Wang Jui , Fukuma Shingo , Morinaga Jun , Hatakeyama Shingo , Kobayashi Shinya , Maeno Kazuyuki , Yamazaki Hajime , Fukuhara Shunichi 
Published: January 2022

PurposeThe global burden of kidney failure is increasing, but the treatment of kidney failure varies widely between patients, between dialysis facilities and over time. The Alliance for Quality Assessment in Healthcare-Dialysis (AQuAH-D) aims to conduct efficient and timely cohort studies on associations between those variations and clinical and patient-reported outcomes.ParticipantsIncluded are outpatients aged 20 years old or older who are undergoing haemodialysis and have consented to participate. A total of 2895 patients were enrolled from 25 facilities in Japan between August 2018 and July 2020 and are to be followed until 31 December 2026. Chart review and annual questionnaires are used to collect data on patient characteristics and on outcomes including quality of life. Data on medications, haemodialysis prescriptions and blood tests are obtained from existing electronic records. Data are collected retrospectively from 1 January 2017 to patient enrolment, and prospectively from patient enrolment until the end of December 2026.Findings to dateTo date, the mean age is 68.3 (SD 12.2) years and 35.2% are female. The most common cause of kidney failure is diabetic nephropathy (37.4%). In January 2020, the facilities’ median weekly doses of erythropoietin stimulating agent (ESA) and of intravenous vitamin D ranged from 1846 to 9692 IU (epoetin alfa equivalent) and 0.78 to 2.25 µg (calcitriol equivalent), respectively. The facilities’ percentages of patients to whom calcimimetics are prescribed varied from 19% to 79%. During the retrospective period (averaging 1.85 years per participant), the incidence rates of any hospitalisation and of hospitalisation due to cardiovascular disease were 67.2 and 12.0 per 100 person-years, respectively.Future plansAQuAH-D data will be updated every 6 months and will be available for studies addressing a wide range of research questions, using the advantages of granular data and quality-of-life measurement of ageing patients on haemodialysis.
Metaphors that shape parents’ perceptions of effective communication with healthcare practitioners following child death: a qualitative UK study
Authors: Turner Sarah , Littlemore Jeannette , Taylor Julie , Parr Eloise , Topping A E 
Published: January 2022

ObjectivesTo offer an interpretation of bereaved parents’ evaluations of communication with healthcare practitioners (HCPs) surrounding the death of a child.DesignInterpretative qualitative study employing thematic and linguistic analyses of metaphor embedded in interview data.SettingEngland and Scotland.Participants24 bereaved parents (21 women, 3 men).MethodsParticipants were recruited through the True Colours Trust website and mailing list, similar UK charities and word of mouth. Following interviews in person or via video-conferencing platforms (Skype/Zoom), transcripts first underwent thematic and subsequently linguistic analyses supported by NVivo. A focused analysis of metaphors used by the parents was undertaken to allow in-depth interpretation of how they conceptualised their experiences.ResultsThe findings illuminate the ways parents experienced communication with HCPs surrounding the death of a child. Key findings from this study suggest that good communication with HCPs following the death of a child should acknowledge parental identity (and that of their child as an individual) and offer opportunities for them to enact this; taking account their emotional and physical experiences; and accommodate their altered experiences of time.ConclusionsThis study suggests that HCPs when communicating with bereaved parents need to recognise, and seek to comprehend, the ways in which the loss impacts on an individual’s identity as a parent, the ‘physical’ nature of the emotions that can be unleashed and the ways in which the death of a child can alter their metaphorical conceptions of time.
Hospital utilisation in home palliative care: caregiver health, preparedness and burden associations
Authors: Nguyen Huong Q , Haupt Eric C , Duan Lewei , Hou Anthony C , Wang Susan E , Mariano Jeffrey D , Lee Jung-Ah , McMullen Carmit 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundPrior studies show that family caregiver factors influence patient outcomes. The purpose of this analysis was to determine the association between family caregiver self-rated health, perception of preparedness and burden at the time of patient admission to home palliative care (HomePal) with downstream patient hospital utilisation and time to hospice enrolment and death.MethodsData for this cohort study (n=441) were drawn from a trial testing two models of HomePal. Caregiver self-rated health, preparedness (Preparedness for Caregiving Scale, CPS) and burden (Zarit-12) were measured at admission to HomePal. Caregivers were categorised as having good/very good/excellent or fair/poor health, scoring above or below the CPS median score (23), or having no/mild (0–10), moderate (11-20) or high (>20) burden. Proportional hazard competing risk models assessed the association between caregiver factors with hospital utilisation (emergency department visits, observation and inpatient stays).ResultsPatients whose caregivers reported poor health and low preparedness received more visits by home health aides and social workers, respectively (both, p<0.05). Adjusted models showed that worse caregiver health (HR: 0.69 (95% CI 0.52 to 0.92), p=0.01), low preparedness (HR: 0.73 (95% CI 0.57 to 0.94), p=0.01) and high burden (HR: 0.77 (95% CI 0.56 to 1.06), p=0.10) were associated with lower risk for hospital utilisation. There were no significant associations between caregiver factors with time to patient enrolment in hospice or death in adjusted models (both, p>0.05).ConclusionProspective studies are needed to understand how greater in-home supports for family caregivers with poor health could help achieve quality palliative care that aligns with families’ priorities.Trial registration numberNCT03694431; ClinicalTrials.gov.
‘That is a Ministry of Health thing’: Article 5.3 implementation in Uganda and the challenge of whole-of-government accountability
Authors: Male Denis , Ralston Rob , Nyamurungi Kellen , Collin Jeff 
Published: January 2022

IntroductionWhile Uganda has made legislative progress towards implementing Article 5.3 of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC), ongoing challenges in minimising tobacco industry interference have not been adequately explored. This analysis focuses on understanding difficulties in managing industry engagement across government ministries and in developing effective whole-of-government accountability for tobacco control.MethodsInterviews with Uganda government officials within the health sector and beyond, including in Ministries of Trade, Agriculture and Revenue.ResultsThe findings indicate substantial variations in awareness of Article 5.3, its norm and practices across government sectors. The data suggest ambiguity and uncertainty about accountability for Article 5.3 implementation, with policy makers in departments beyond health often uncertain about obligations under the FCTC. Second, we highlight how responsibility for Article 5.3 implementation and the obligations incurred are widely seen as restricted to the Ministry of Health. Third, competing mandates and perceived difficulties in reconciling health goals with economic growth are shown to impact on accountability for tobacco control. Yet, importantly, the data also demonstrate enthusiasm in some unexpected parts of government for actively engaging with Article 5.3 and for promoting greater intersectoral coordination.ConclusionThis paper demonstrates the intrinsic challenges of developing whole-of-government approaches, highlighting considerable uncertainty and ambiguity among decision makers in Uganda about tobacco control governance. The analysis points to the potential for Uganda’s national coordinating mechanism to help reconcile competing expectations and demonstrate the importance of Article 5.3 beyond health actors.
Institutional tensions, corporate social responsibility and district-level governance of tobacco industry interference: analysing challenges in local implementation of Article 5.3 measures in Karnataka, India
Authors: Kumar Praveen , Barry Rachel Ann , Kulkarni Muralidhar M , Kamath Veena Ganesh , Ralston Rob , Collin Jeff 
Published: January 2022

IntroductionAccelerating progress on tobacco control will require Article 5.3 of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control to be systematically integrated into policies and practices of sectors beyond health at diverse government levels. However, no study has explored implementation challenges of Article 5.3 within multilevel systems such as India, where political decisions on tobacco control occur at diverse government levels, which may constrain action at local level.MethodsBased on 33 semi-structured interviews with diverse government and civil society stakeholders across four districts in Karnataka, India (Mysore, Mangalore, Bengaluru (rural) and Udupi), this study examines challenges to implement Article 5.3 arising from competing agendas and policies of different actors at multiple levels.ResultsOur analysis reveals generally low levels of awareness of Article 5.3 and its guideline recommendations, even among those directly involved in tobacco control at district level. Efforts to implement Article 5.3 were also challenged by competing views on the appropriate terms of engagement with industry actors. Scope to reconcile tensions across competing health, agriculture and commercial agendas was further constrained by the policies and practices of the national Tobacco Board, thereby undermining local implementation of Article 5.3. The most challenging aspect of Article 5.3 implementation was the difficulties in restricting engagement by government officials and departments with tobacco industry corporate social responsibility initiatives given national requirements for such activities among major corporations.ConclusionsPromoting effective implementation of Article 5.3 in Karnataka will require policymakers to work across policy silos and reconcile tensions across India’s national health and economic priorities.
’A contradiction between our state and the tobacco company’: conflicts of interest and institutional constraints as barriers to implementing Article 5.3 in Bangladesh
Authors: Abdullah S M , Wagner-Rizvi Tracey , Huque Rumana , Kanan Sushama , Huque Samina , Ralston Rob , Collin Jeff 
Published: January 2022

IntroductionBangladesh has not yet adopted measures to implement Article 5.3 of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. The National Tobacco Control Cell (NTCC) has drafted a guideline for implementation, but progress has stalled amid high levels of tobacco industry interference in public policy. This paper examines the barriers to minimising industry interference in a context of close relationships between government officials and tobacco companies.MethodsIn-depth interviews were conducted with government officials, representatives from civil society, think tank and media organisations, and academic researchers. The data were analysed using a ‘3 Is’ framework developed within the political sciences, emphasising the interactive role ofideas, interestsandinstitutionsin policy change.ResultsThe findings indicate that policyideasabout protecting public health policy making from tobacco industry interests are largely restricted to the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, and the NTCC specifically. Both individual and institutional conflicts ofinterestemerge as key barriers to progress to minimising industry interference and for tobacco control governance more broadly. The data also suggest that development of an Article 5.3 guideline has been shaped by the perceived interests of political actors and institutions, and theinstitutionalposition of the NTCC, constrained by limits on its resources, authority and isolation from other ministries.ConclusionNTCC’s initiatives towards implementing Article 5.3 constitute an important opportunity to address conflicts of interest that restrict tobacco control in Bangladesh. Progress in minimising industry interference is essential to realising the commitment to being smoke free by 2040.
Anisotropic magnetized neutron star
Authors: Bordbar Gholam Hossein , Karami Mohammad 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAs we know, the effect of strong magnetic field causes the anisotropy for the magnetized compact objects. Therefore, in this paper, we have studied the structure properties of anisotropic case of magnetized neutron star. We have derived the equation of state (EoS) of neutron star matter for two forms of magnetic fields, one uniform and one density dependent. We have solved the generalized Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff equations to examine the maximum mass and corresponding radius, Schwarzschild radius, gravitational redshift, Kretschmann scalar, and Buchdahl theorem for this system. It was shown that the maximum mass and radius of neutron star are increasing functions of the magnetic field. Also redshift, strength of gravity, and Kretschmann scalar increase as the magnetic field increases. In addition, the dynamical stability of anisotrop neutron star has been investigated, and finally a comparison with the empirical results has been made.
(Invited) Multi-Scale and Multi-Physics Modeling for Advancing Photoelectrochemical and Photocatalytic Material and Device Research
Authors: Haussener Sophia 
Published: January 2022

Modelling can efficiently support the choice of the most interesting conceptual design approaches, material choices, and operating conditions for photoelectrochemical and photocatalytic devices. Here, I will discuss modeling of three different ideas for versatile and cheap solar hydrogen and syngas production: i) photocatalytic particle suspended in a solution, ii) semiconductor particle-based photoelectrodes (PEs) fabricated by scalable dipping procedures, and iii) high-temperature approaches to photoelectrochemistry.
Modeling of scalable photocatalysis suspensions require understanding of the single particle band energetics and kinetics and coupling it to the heat, mass and charge transport processes in a complete suspension. I will show how we use and couple 1D single particle models and 2D suspension simulations to provide material and design guidance of photocatalytic suspension approaches. Modeling of complicated particle-based PEs, on the other hand, requires full 3D multi-scale device models accounting for the morphological details of the nano-scale and then coupling them through homogenization theory to the macroscopic device model. I will show how we utilized nano-tomography to obtain the exact nano-scale morphology and how this morphology is incorporated into direct pore-level modeling to predict inhomogeneity in the variable fields and corresponding underutilization of parts of the PE. Finally, I will show how we use advanced 2D heat transfer models and detailed 1D junction models for mixed electron and ion conductor interfaces to model and explore high temperature approaches to photoelectrochemistry. I will end with a general outlook on modeling of photo-driven devices.
Colossal Ionic Conductivity:Method of Measuring the Elastic Dipole of Charged States& a Reduced Model for the Screening of Heterolayer Structures
Authors: Francis Michael F 
Published: January 2022

Colossal Ionic Conductivity, the fast diffusion of oxygen ions in heterolayer environments, has promised to provide oxygen migration rates fast enough for low temperature solid oxide fuel cells. These promises have stirred great debate, but despite ongoing discussion, the physics controlling Colossal Ionic Conductivity remains poorly understood. Hypotheses offered have been mechanical effects, phase changes, sublattice melting, interfacial effects, and space charge effects, though none tested. Here, a method of calculating the elastic dipole of charged states is shown, which will enable the testing of the mechanical hypothesis.
Whichever physics are controlling, observed changes in conductivity have been shown to correlate with heterolayer material lattice mismatch. This lattice mismatch can be shown to be the result of strain dependent properties. Here, a reduced model of heterolayer structure and strain allowing the rapid screening of a large number of structures for the optimization of the conducting interface.
Chemomechanical Effects in Electrocatalysis
Authors: Tavassol Hadi , Siwabessy Andrew , Vuong Jiam , Bloed Charles , Enriquez Alexis , Derakhshan Shahab 
Published: January 2022

We report on electrochemical materials and processes with strong chemomechanical effects during electrocatalysis. We are particularly focused on anode and cathode processes for electrochemical water splitting. A combination of solid state, gas phase and thin film synthetic methods are used to prepare well-defined electrode materials. An optical laser method is used to perform in-situ surface stress measurements. We also employ Raman spectroscopy and imaging to map strain fields and inhomogeneity on surfaces. Combination of these responses provide unique insight into chemomechanics of hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions.
We will discuss the results of surface stress and strain measurements during H+ adsorption and early stages of hydrogen evolution on model Pt-M (M = Cu and Ni) surface alloys and bilayers. We will also report on the catalytic properties of perovskite-based transition metal oxides toward oxygen evolution reaction. We focus on perovskites and brownmillerites of the Sr2-xCaxFe2O6-δ system, where δ = 0-1. This system exhibits varying oxygen deficiency, vacancy ordering and volumetric strain. Our results suggest that vacancy content, ordering, and lattice oxygens control the oxygen evolution activity. Particularly, we will explain the role of lattice oxygens in the Sr2-xCaxFe2O6-δ system using in-situ surface stress results.