bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do Political Differences Inhibit Market Transactions? An Investigation in the Context of Online Lending
Authors: Wang Hongchang , Overby Eric 
Published: October 2022

Do political differences, which are becoming increasingly acute among Americans, inhibit market transactions? We study this by examining whether the perceived political distance between investors and borrowers in an online lending market affects whom investors choose to fund. Using two complementary empirical approaches (a gravity model and a difference-in-differences analysis), we find a nuanced effect: Investors from comparatively conservative states consider political distance when making lending decisions, whereas investors from comparatively liberal states do not. Lending activity drops by as much as 11.6% when the investor’s state is more conservative than the borrower’s state. We also find that political distance between investors and borrowers reduces the likelihood that a borrower’s listing will be funded, thereby limiting the ability of the market to fulfill its function. However, political distance does not predict loan performance, which is consistent with another finding: The relationship of political distance to lending activity is not significant for experienced investors. It may be that investors stop considering political distance after they learn from experience that it does not predict loan performance. We find evidence for two mechanisms underlying our results: (1) a preference-based mechanism, in which investors from conservative states have a general preference for borrowers from conservative states, and (2) a rationality-based mechanism in which investors from conservative states use political ideology as a signal of creditworthiness (rightly or wrongly). Our results contribute to the literatures on online frictions and political (in)tolerance and have implications for the design of online lending (and other) markets.This paper was accepted by Kartik Hosanagar, information systems.Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4575 .
Convergence of a Packet Routing Model to Flows over Time
Authors: Sering Leon , Vargas Koch Laura , Ziemke Theresa 
Published: October 2022

Mathematical approaches for modeling dynamic traffic can be roughly divided into two categories: discrete packet routing models and continuous flow over time models. Despite very vital research activities on models in both categories, their connection was poorly understood so far. We build this connection by specifying a (competitive) packet routing model, which is discrete in terms of flow and time, and proving its convergence to the intensively studied model of flows over time with deterministic queuing. More precisely, we prove that the limit of the convergence process when decreasing the packet size and time step length in the packet routing model constitutes a flow over time with multiple commodities. In addition, we show that the convergence result implies the existence of approximate equilibria in the competitive version of the packet routing model. This is of significant interest as exact pure Nash equilibria cannot be guaranteed in the multicommodity setting. Funding: This work was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation) under Germany’s Excellence Strategy—The Berlin Mathematics Research Center MATH+ [Grant EXC-2046/1, project ID: 390685689] and the Research Training Group [Grant 2236 UnRAVeL].
Move-in Ready or Fixer-Upper? VC Specialization and Start-up Innovation
Authors: Alvarez-Garrido Elisa 
Published: October 2022

Extant scholarship typically assumes that VC firms prefer to pick winners. I offer an alternative perspective: that specialist VC firms can select less attractive start-ups—with innovative potential but in need of help—and then contribute to the start-ups’ innovative processes so they can achieve their potential. The analogy is buying a fixer-upper house, which, with the right help, can be brought to the level of one that is move-in ready. I argue that specialist (versus generalist) VC firms in the syndicate have superior commercialization knowledge and specialized resource networks, and they can choose to follow a move-in-ready strategy (select winners) or a fixer-upper strategy (build winners). This choice is contingent on the research environment and how unique the help from the specialist VC firm is: in well-developed research environments, a specialist adds less value and may follow a move-in-ready strategy; in less-developed research environments, a specialist adds more value and may follow a fixer-upper strategy. I leverage an ideal empirical context, global biotechnology VC-backed start-ups, over the period 1996–2006, when the biotech industry was established in the United States and developing in 25 other countries, and highlight qualitative insights from 20 interviews with investors in seven countries.Funding: Funding from the Mack Institute for Innovation Management at the Wharton School and from the CIBER at the University of South Carolina is greatly appreciated.Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/stsc.2022.0176 .
Optical wireless communication system performance in natural water turbulence of any strength
Authors: Yi Xiang , Liu Huanhuan , Ban Kun , Korotkova Olga 
Published: October 2022

The recently introduced power spectrum model for natural water turbulence, i.e., that at any average temperature, average salinity, and stratification [J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 37, 1614 (2020)JOAOD61084-752910.1364/JOSAA.399150], is extended from weak to moderate-to-strong regimes with the help of the spatial filtering approach. Based on the extended spectrum, the expressions for the scintillation index (SI) are obtained, and based on its signal-to-noise ratio and bit error rate of the underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) system with the on-off-keying modulation and gamma–gamma irradiance distribution model, the analysis is performed. The obtained results are compared with those derived from the widely used Nikishov and Nikishov spectrum. It is shown that the natural water turbulence results in the SI for plane (spherical) waves attaining higher maxima values at shorter propagation distances, about 20 m (40 m) with respect to 30 m (50 m) of Nikishovs turbulence. Therefore, it predicts a stronger degradation of the UWOC system performance in weak and moderate turbulence regimes.
“Men are the head of the family, the dominant head”: A mixed method study of male involvement in maternal and child health in a patriarchal setting, Western Nigeria
Authors: Okafor Ifeoma Peace , Chukwudi Chioma Lilian , Igwilo Ugonnaya Ugochinyere , Ogunnowo Babatunde Enitan 
Published: October 2022

IntroductionThe importance of involving men in reproductive, maternal and child health (RMCH) programs is increasingly recognized globally. In Nigeria, most MCH services do not actively engage fathers.AimTo assess men’s knowledge, involvement in MCH and the barriers in Southwest Nigeria. Predictors of good knowledge and involvement were also assessed.MethodsThis was a community-based cross sectional study. Quantitative and qualitative methods were used in data collection which was done within a period of three months in 2018. Quantitative data were collected with interviewer administered questionnaires from 418 respondents who were selected by multistage sampling methodology. The topic was further explored using focus group discussion (FGD). Quantitative data were analysed using EPI-INFO version 7. Quantitative variables were summarized using means and standard deviations while multivariable analysis was carried out to determine predictors of good knowledge and involvement in MCH. A combination of deductive and inductive analysis was used for the qualitative data.ResultsOverall, 65% of men had good knowledge of MCH while 60.8% had good involvement. Predictors of good knowledge were being a Christian (AOR 1.674, 95% CI 1.045–2.679), being of Yoruba tribe (AOR 1.753, 95% CI 1.100–2.796), having post-secondary education (AOR 1.984, 95% CI 1.002–3.928), having more under-fives in the household (AOR 2.162 95% CI 1.365–3.425) and spouse having post-secondary education (AOR 2.755, 95% CI 1.189–6.382). Predictors of good involvement in MCH include higher educational level of spouse: secondary (AOR 2.852, 95% CI 1.214–6.699), post-secondary (AOR 2.270, 95% CI 1.000–5.161) and having good knowledge of MCH (AOR 2.518, 95% CI 1.587–3.994). From the FGD, other factors which influence involvement were related to traditional/cultural orientation, time constraint and finance among others.ConclusionMen’s knowledge and their involvement in maternal and child health were sub-optimal. For improvement, community-based intervention programmes should be designed for men and implemented, taking into consideration their traditional/cultural roles, religious orientation, busy schedules, and educational backgrounds. They should be re-oriented on their patriarchally informed belief about their perceived roles in RMCH.
Personal experiences following acquiring HIV infection while volunteering in Phase I/II HIV vaccine trials: A qualitative study from Tanzania
Authors: Tarimo Edith A. M. , Ambikile Joel , Munseri Patricia , Bakari Muhammad 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundParticipation in HIV vaccine trials is an essential step towards development of an effective preventive vaccine. A Phase I/II HIV vaccine trial enrolls volunteers at low risk of acquiring HIV infection, however a few may still become infected. Understanding the experiences of volunteers who acquired HIV infection while participating in such trials is essential for future research. Here, we describe experiences of HIV infected volunteers in Phase I/II HIV vaccine trials conducted in urban Tanzania.Materials and methodsWe used a case study design. In-depth interviews were conducted with four participants who became HIV infected during long follow-up visits after completion of vaccination schedules in a Phase I/II trial. Between 3 and 8 years after HIV positive diagnosis, each participant was interviewed at three time points within a two-year interval so as to allow for accumulation of experiences and cross-checking the emerging constructs. Data was analyzed using a qualitative data analysis framework.ResultsAnalysis revealed that participation in HIV vaccine trials involves balancing controversies and the spirit of informed decision. The participants declared that they did not acquire HIV from the experimental vaccine. Disclosure of HIV status within the family was gender specific. Men were hesitant to disclose their HIV status to their sexual partners fearing for the consequences. Women’s attempt to disclose their HIV status yielded negative reactions from the sexual partners. The acquired knowledge from the HIV vaccine research enabled the participants to cope with the uncertainties and their health status.ConclusionsThe knowledge acquired during the Phase I/II HIV vaccine trial appears to be an essential resource to cope with uncertainties post research. The HIV vaccine trial implementers need to understand the challenges the volunteers may confront after the trial while coping with their health status. Longitudinal studies are essential to trace the effects of uncertainties to the individual participants.
Compliance with COVID-19 preventive measures among chronic disease patients in Wolaita and Dawuro zones, Southern Ethiopia: A proportional odds model
Authors: Gelgelu Temesgen Bati , Nuriye Shemsu , Chichiabellu Tesfaye Yitna , Kerbo Amene Abebe 
Published: October 2022

Introduction
So far, shreds of evidence have shown that COVID-19 related hospitalization, serious outcomes, and mortality were high among individuals with chronic medical conditions. However, strict compliance with basic public health measures such as hand washing with soap, social distancing, and wearing masks has been recommended and proven effective in preventing transmission of the infection. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the level of compliance with COVID-19 preventive measures and identify its predictors among patients with common chronic diseases in public hospitals of Southern Ethiopia by applying the proportional odds model.

Methods
A facility-based cross-sectional study was employed in public hospitals of Southern Ethiopia between February and March 2021. Using a systematic random sampling technique, 419 patients with common chronic diseases were recruited. Data were collected using an Open Data Kit and then submitted to the online server. The proportional odds model was employed, and the level of significance was declared at a p-value of less than 0.05.

Results
This study revealed that 55.2% (95%CI: 50.4%-59.9%) of the study participants had low compliance levels with COVID-19 preventive measures. The final proportional odds model identified that perceived susceptibility (AOR: 0.91, 95%CI: 0.84, 0.97), cues to action (AOR: 0.89, 95%CI: 0.85, 0.94), having access to drinking water piped into the dwelling (AOR: 0.52, 95%CI: 0.32, 0.84), having no access to any internet (AOR: 0.62, 95%CI: 0.42, 0.92), having no functional refrigerator (AOR: 2.17, 95%CI: 1.26, 3.74), and having poor knowledge (AOR: 1.42, 95%CI: 1.02, 1.98) were the independent predictors of low compliance level with COVID-19 preventive measures.

Conclusion
In the study area, more than half of the participants had low compliance levels with COVID-19 preventive measures. Thus, the identified factors should be considered when designing, planning, and implementing new interventional strategies, so as to improve the participants’ compliance level.
Perceptions of people with Parkinson’s and their caregivers of falling and falls-related healthcare services- a qualitative study
Authors: Owen Charlotte L. , Gaulton Christine , Roberts Helen C. , Dennison Laura 
Published: October 2022

Introduction
Falls are common in Parkinson’s disease, and a recognised research priority. Falls lead to physical and psychological morbidity in people with Parkinson’s disease and their caregivers, however, those with cognitive impairment/ dementia and caregivers have often been excluded from previous studies. This qualitative study explored how people with Parkinson’s disease and their family caregivers understood and experienced falling and healthcare services relating to falls prevention and management.

Methods
A varied and purposive sample of 20 people with Parkinson’s disease (40% confirmed or suspected cognitive impairment/ dementia) and 18 caregivers took part in semi-structured interviews. Eight people with Parkinson’s disease and their caregivers were interviewed as a dyad, 22 participants were interviewed alone. Interviews were analysed through inductive thematic analysis.

Results
Four themes were developed: (i) struggling with thoughts and feelings about falling, (ii) recognising and managing risks surrounding falling, (iii) navigating health and care provision for falling, and (iv) changing as a couple due to falling. Different aspects of falls provoked a range of negative emotions and a variety of coping strategies were adopted. Falls and trying to avoid falls burdened a couple in a number of ways; beyond physical health they also affected functioning, physiological wellbeing, and relationships. Dyads analysed falls to understand their aetiology and described working together to manage them. This often happened in the absence of adequate support and advice with little involvement of healthcare professionals. When cognitive impairment/ dementia was present this brought additional challenges to falls management, with caregivers taking on a greater and more frustrating role.

Conclusion
Dyads required relevant falls-related information and the difficulties associated with cognitive decline should be recognised by researchers and healthcare professionals. Dyads required support in attributing reasons for falls, and increased awareness of healthcare professionals’ different roles to improve patient- professional communication and facilitate patient-centred care.
Pregnant women’s knowledge, attitude, and practice towards COVID-19 infection prevention in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mose Ayenew , Zewdie Amare , Sahle Tadesse 
Published: October 2022

Background
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infection during pregnancy causes adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes such as preterm birth, low birth weight, severe illness, intensive care unit admission, mechanical ventilation, and death. Pregnant women’s knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) towards COVID-19 infection prevention are crucial to ensure the health of the mother and foetus. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of pregnant women’s KAP towards COVID-19 infection prevention in Ethiopia.

Methods
We searched PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, African Online Journal, and Web of Sciences database to retrieve related articles. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guideline was used. Funnel plot and Eggers test were done to assess publication bias. Cochrane Q-test and I2 statistic were done to chick evidence of heterogeneity. Subgroup analysis was computed based on the study region and year of publication. Data were extracted using a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and analyzed using STATA version 14 statistical software. Weighted inverse variance random effect model was run to estimate the pooled prevalence of pregnant women’s KAP towards COVID-19 infection prevention.

Results
A total of 9 studies with 4,103 pregnant women were included. The pooled prevalence of knowledge, attitude, and practice towards COVID-19 infection prevention among pregnant women’s in Ethiopia were 60.24% (95% CI; 53.69 to 66.79, I2 = 95%), 62.46% (95% CI; 45.68, 79.23, I2 = 98.8%), and 52.29% (95% CI; 43.91%-60.66% I2 = 96.5%) respectively. Maternal age (AOR = 1.87, 1.40–2.49), residence (AOR = 2.23, 1.50–3.31), secondary and above educational status (AOR = 3.36, 2.46–4.58), good knowledge (AOR = 2.73, 2.18–3.41), and fear of COVID-19 infection (AOR = 2.60, 1.78, 3.80) were factors associated with COVID-19 infection prevention practice among pregnant women’s in Ethiopia.

Conclusion
The knowledge, attitude, and practice of COVID-19 infection prevention among pregnant women were low. Therefore, policymakers, maternal and child health program planners, and stakeholders should target to improve pregnant women’s awareness regarding COVID-19 infection preventive measures.
Second Time Around: From Art House to DVD, D. A. Miller (2021)
Authors: Trieste Nathan 
Published: October 2022

Review of: Second Time Around: From Art House to DVD, D. A. Miller (2021)
New York: Columbia University Press, 264 pp., ISBN: 9780231195591 (pbk), $25.00, ISBN: 9780231195584 (hbk), $95.00, ISBN: 9780231551397 (ebk), $24.99
Bioetický imperativ Fritze Jahra (1895–1953)
Authors: Polák Jan 
Published: October 2022

Německý myslitel, pedagog a luteránský pastor Fritz Jahr (1895–1953), významný tím, že už ve 20. letech 20. století začal jako první používat pojem „bioetika“, byl dlouhou dobu zapomenut. Tato studie chce čtenářům přiblížit Jahrův život, nastínit jeho pojetí bioetiky, vysvětlit, v čem spočíval jeho bioetický imperativ, načrtnout okolnosti Jahrova znovuobjevení v roce 1997 a krátce představit „integrativní bioetiku“, která se ve snaze „poevropštit“ bioetiku k Jahrovu odkazu hlásí. Na pojmech „pluriperspektivita, multi-, inter-, transdisciplinarita“ a „integrativita“ se snaží postavit bázi pro nový globální bioetický koncept, v jehož středu je úcta k životu a snaha uchovat jeho diverzitu i dalším generacím.
Close-range leader–follower flight control technology for near-circular low-orbit satellites
Authors: Yang Yuan , Li Hengnian , Yang Yikang , Hou Chongyuan , Zhu Kaijian 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Based on the characteristics of near-circular orbits and close-range leader–follower flights, the relative dynamics equations of the eccentricity/inclination (
e/i
) vector method are introduced herein. Additionally, the constraint terms in the design of the leader–follower flight formation are found to satisfy the conditions of the line-of-sight angle and inter-satellite distance. The control box algorithm is proposed under the flying task’s constraints, such as the line-of-sight angle and distance between the satellites according to the
e/i
vector and Gauss perturbation equations. The algorithm comprehensively takes into account the relationship between the relative motion variations in the satellite formation in near-circular orbits as well as their relationship with the velocity increment applied to the satellites. The example simulated in this study not only illustrates the existence of a coupling relationship between the flight-following distance and flight-following line-of-sight angle but also verifies the influence of the relative eccentricity of the two satellites on the leader–follower flight stability. The simulation results show that when the control box algorithm was used to maintain the leader–follower flight, this method was simple, intuitive, and may be feasibly introduced as a flight-following control strategy.
Association of neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin, ischemia modified albumin with uric acid in the etiopathogenesis of preeclampsia
Authors: Parasher Nitin , Kaushik Priya , Singh Naveen Kumar , Sweta  , Yadav Lalit , Bhurer Yadav Bibek , Suri Arpita 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Preeclampsia is a multisystem illness that manifests in the third trimester of pregnancy after 20 weeks of gestation and is marked by proteinuria and hypertension (PE). Changes in lifestyle, such as eating a high-calorie diet and delaying delivery, have raised the likelihood of developing PE. Eclampsia, abrupt renal failure, thromboembolic episodes leading to cardiac and brain problems, pulmonary embolism, and coagulopathy associated with HELLP syndrome are a few of the complications that might follow preeclampsia in pregnant moms. The objects of this study is to estimate and correlate the levels of NGAL (neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin), IMA (ischemia modified albumin) and Uric acid in prreclampsia.

Methods
40 diagnosed cases of preeclampsia and 40 healthy age and gestational age matched healthy controls were included in the study. Blood samples were collected from them and serum NGAL, IMA and Uric acid levels were estimated. Estimation of NGAL (neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin), IMA (ischemia modified albumin) was done by commercially available ELISA kits standard spectrophotometry methods in autoanalyzer Mind ray BS300 using commercially available kits.

Results
The parameters of NGAL and IMA were significantly increased in patients with PE (p<0.001) when compared with the healthy control subjects. γ-glutamyl transferases and OPN were found in patients with ALD (p<0.001) when compared with the control subjects. OPN showed significant positive correlations with AST (r=0.76, p<0.001), ALT (r=0.64 p<0.001), ALP (r=0.68, p<0.001), and GGT (r=0.61, p<0.001).

Conclusions
The current study focuses on the roles of NGAL and IMA, two sensitive markers of kidney injury that are particularly useful in identifying widespread endothelial dysfunction. As a result, the pattern of elevated NGAL and IMA levels can be useful for diagnosis.