bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A dual center and dual vendor comparison study of automated perfusion‐weighted phase‐resolved functional lung magnetic resonance imaging with dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in patients with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Behrendt Lea , Smith Laurie J. , Voskrebenzev Andreas , Klimeš Filip , Kaireit Till F. , Pöhler Gesa H. , Kern Agilo L. , Gonzalez Cristian Crisosto , Dittrich Anna‐Maria , Marshall Helen , Schütz Katharina , Hughes Paul J. C. , Ciet Pierluigi , Tiddens Harm A. W. M. , Wild Jim M. , Vogel‐Claussen Jens 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFor sensitive diagnosis and monitoring of pulmonary disease, ionizing radiation‐free imaging methods are of great importance. A noncontrast and free‐breathing proton magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique for assessment of pulmonary perfusion is phase‐resolved functional lung (PREFUL) MRI. Since there is no validation of PREFUL MRI across different centers and scanners, the purpose of this study was to compare perfusion‐weighted PREFUL MRI with the well‐established dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE) MRI across two centers on scanners from two different vendors. Sixteen patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) (Center 1: 10 patients; Center 2: 6 patients) underwent PREFUL and DCE MRI at 1.5T in the same imaging session. Normalized perfusion‐weighted values and perfusion defect percentage (QDP) values were calculated for the whole lung and three central slices (dorsal, central, ventral of the carina). Obtained parameters were compared using Pearson correlation, Spearman correlation, Bland–Altman analysis, Wilcoxon signed‐rank test, and Wilcoxon rank‐sum test. Moderate‐to‐strong correlations between normalized perfusion‐weighted PREFUL and DCE values were found (posterior slice: r = 0.69, p < 0.01). Spatial overlap of PREFUL and DCE QDP maps showed an agreement of 79.4% for the whole lung. Further, spatial overlap values of Center 1 were not significantly different to those of Center 2 for the three central slices (p > 0.07). The feasibility of PREFUL MRI across two different centers and two different vendors was shown in patients with CF and obtained results were in agreement with DCE MRI.
Swedish exceptionalism and the Sars‐CoV2 pandemic crisis: Representations of crisis and national identity in the public sphere
Authors: Simonsen Sandra 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn abstaining from law‐enforced virus containment measures, the Swedish response to the severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic crisis stood out as radically different compared to other European nations. The present study aims to provide an understanding of the deviant Swedish crisis strategy and to do so from a cultural perspective by illustrating how the crisis and national self‐identification were interpreted and contested in the public sphere. Drawing on a content analysis of claims made by politicians, scientific experts, public intellectuals, journalists, and editors, I illustrate how crisis response was associated with collective, national identity and how this identity was said to enable an exceptional crisis response. This association, I argue, gave rise to the stigmatization of dissident voices that were accused of undermining social order. Responding to a call by crisis researchers, the present study serves as an attempt to bring social and cultural factors back into the center of crisis research.
Surface and Interface Engineering of Zn Anodes in Aqueous Rechargeable Zn‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zheng Jiaxian , Huang Zihao , Ming Fangwang , Zeng Ye , Wei Binbin , Jiang Qiu , Qi Zhengbing , Wang Zhoucheng , Liang Hanfeng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRechargeable zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) have shown great potential as an alternative to lithium‐ion batteries. The ZIBs utilize Zn metal as the anode, which possesses many advantages such as low cost, high safety, eco‐friendliness, and high capacity. However, on the other hand, the Zn anode also suffers from many issues, including dendritic growth, corrosion, and passivation. These issues are largely related to the surface and interface properties of the Zn anode. Many efforts have therefore been devoted to the modification of the Zn anode, aiming to eliminate the above‐mentioned problems. This review gives a comprehensive summary on the mechanism behind these issues as well as the recent progress on Zn anode modification with focus on the strategies of surface and interface engineering, covering the design and application of both the Zn anode supports and surface protective layers, along with abundant examples. In addition, the promising research directions and perspective on these strategies are also presented.
Acid‐Responsive Aggregated Gold Nanoparticles for Radiosensitization and Synergistic Chemoradiotherapy in the Treatment of Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Luan Siyuan , Xie Rou , Yang Yushang , Xiao Xin , Zhou Jianfeng , Li Xiaokun , Fang Pinhao , Zeng Xiaoxi , Yu Xiangrong , Chen Meiwan , Gao Huile , Yuan Yong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRadiotherapy and chemotherapy are limited by insufficient therapeutic efficacy of low‐dose radiation and nonspecific drug biodistribution. Herein, an acid‐responsive aggregated nanosystem (AuNPs‐D‐P‐DA) loaded with doxorubicin (DOX) is designed for radiosensitization and synergistic chemoradiotherapy. In response to the acid microenvironment of esophageal cancer (EC), small‐sized AuNPs‐D‐P‐DA forms large‐sized gold nanoparticle (AuNPs) aggregates in tumor tissues to hinder the backflow of AuNPs to the circulation, resulting in enhanced tumor accumulation and retention. Simultaneously, the AuNPs‐based radiosensitization is significantly improved because of the high concentration and large size of intratumoral AuNPs, while DOX are delivered and released specifically into tumor cells triggered by the acid microenvironment for chemo‐radio synergistic therapy. Acid‐responsive AuNPs exacerbate radiation‐induced DNA damage, cell apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and low colony formation ability in vitro and enhance anti‐tumor efficacy in vivo compared to un‐responsive control. When combined with acid‐responsive DOX, the therapeutic efficacy of the formulation is further improved by their synergistic effect. After the treatment of acid‐responsive AuNPs plus radiotherapy, fatty acid metabolism is reprogrammed in xenograft models, which provides potential targets for further improvement of radiosensitization. In summary, the acid‐responsive AuNPs‐D‐P‐DA nanosystem leverages the radio‐ and chemotherapeutic synergies of AuNPs‐sensitized X‐ray irradiation and acid‐responsive DOX in the treatment of EC.
Molecular Design of Covalent Triazine Frameworks with Anisotropic Charge Migration for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production
Authors: Lan Zhi‐An , Chi Xu , Wu Meng , Zhang Xirui , Chen Xiong , Zhang Guigang , Wang Xinchen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCovalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) represent promising polymeric photocatalysts for photocatalytic hydrogen production with visible light. However, the separation and transfer of charges in CTFs are isotropic because of the uniform distribution of donor–acceptor motifs in the skeleton. Herein, to achieve the anisotropic charge carrier separation and migration, thiophene (Th) or benzothiadiazole (BT) unit is selected as the dopant to modify the molecular structure of CTF‐based photocatalysts. Both theoretical and experimental studies reveal that the incorporation of Th or BT units induces the anisotropic charge carrier separation and migration at the interface of CTFs. The optimized polymer manifests a much enhanced photocatalytic activity for photocatalytic hydrogen production with visible light, and thus this study provides a useful tool to design conjugated polymer photocatalysts at the molecular level for solar energy conversion.
Perylene‐diimide‐based cathode interlayer materials for high performance organic solar cells
Authors: Yao Jia , Chen Qi , Zhang Cen , Zhang Zhi‐Guo , Li Yongfang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOrganic solar cells (OSCs), benefiting from their significant advantages, such as light weight, flexibility, low cost, and large area manufacturing adaptability, are considered promising clean energy technologies. Currently, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of state‐of‐the‐art OSCs has reached over 18% through materials and device engineering. Specifically, cathode engineering with cathode interlayer materials (CIMs) is an important strategy to improve the PCEs and stability of OSCs. Among various CIMs reported in the literature, perylene diimides (PDIs) are more appropriate for working as cathode interlayers in OSCs owing to their distinct advantages of suitable energy levels, high electron affinity, high electron mobility, and facile modification. In this review, the mechanism of cathode engineering is concisely summarized, and recent research progress on PDI derivatives working as CIMs in OSCs is systematically reviewed. Finally, prospects and suggestions are provided for the development of PDI‐based CIMs for practical applications.
Telemetry‐based aerial surveys for estimating abundance of sparse populations
Authors: Clement Matthew J. , Hervert John J. , Bright Jill L. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAerial surveys are commonly used to collect data for estimating abundance of a variety of large animals. In the context of aerial surveys, common abundance estimators, including distance sampling, closed population mark‐resight models, and sightability models, all require visually scanning a large area, usually along transects. For sparse populations, such extensive surveys may be inefficient and costly. We evaluated abundance estimators proposed by Rivest et al. (1998) and Clement et al. (2015) in which animals are located using telemetry instead of extensive visual searches, thereby reducing flight time. We conducted aerial surveys of Sonoran pronghorn in southwest Arizona in 2017 and evaluated the bias and precision of abundance estimates returned by both estimators. We also compared the costs of telemetry surveys to sightability surveys, a more common method. Both telemetry‐based methods generated unbiased abundance estimates for a population of known size. However, in a population of unknown size, there was evidence of a non‐random distribution of telemetry collars and downward bias in abundance estimates. The telemetry‐based methods dramatically increased the sighting rate of Sonoran pronghorn during flights and reduced total flight time by >90%, a substantial time and cost savings. However, telemetry‐based approaches incur an additional cost of maintaining telemetry collars on animals in the population. For Sonoran pronghorn and other species, telemetry‐based abundance estimators may offer significant cost savings over estimators requiring extensive visual searches, if there are not meaningful deviations from model assumptions. Telemetry‐based methods will be most useful if the cost of collaring animals is low, if animals are sparse or hard to detect, if the study has a short duration, and if the study species has a loose social structure and tends to form large groups.
Pattern of covalent and non‐covalent interactions within the pentaiodide anion in the structure of (3‐HOC5H9NH2)I5
Authors: Shestimerova Tatiana A. , Bykov Andrey V. , Kuznetsov Alexey N. , Grishko Alexey Y. , Wei Zheng , Dikarev Evgeny V. , Shevelkov Andrei V. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract3‐Hydroxypiperidinium pentaiodide was synthesized by a facile reaction in concentrated aqueous HI. Its crystal structure comprises 3‐hydroxypiperidinium cations and pentaiodide anions, the latter having geometry of cis‐shaped chains composed of I2 and I3− building units. The analysis of interatomic distances, Raman spectroscopy data, and results of DFT calculations, including non‐covalent interaction analysis, showed that the title compound exhibits a complex pattern of covalent and non‐covalent interactions. Those include I−I covalent bonds and I⋅⋅⋅I halogen bonds within the I5− anion as well as (N)H⋅⋅⋅I and (O)H⋅⋅⋅I hydrogen bonds and even weaker (C)H⋅⋅⋅I van‐der‐Waals interactions between the cations and anions.
Introduction
Authors: Ruotsalainen Maria , Törhönen Maria , Karhulahti Veli-Matti 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA decade ago, it was still somewhat conventional to start a study by writing how “esports is a novel phenomenon.” As we write this introduction in 2021, that is no longer true. Today, more than a thousand studies have been published on esports, including several books and special issues. Moreover, the work is no longer conducted purely in the “game studies” related fields, but across numerous domains from medical and health sciences to economics and sports. Esportsis no longer a novel phenomenon, not even for researchers. As both the industry and academia of esports progress—with hundreds of digital (and some analog) game titles being played as “esports”—it is more and more difficult to address “esports” in general. As the need for more specific case studies keeps increasing, this book on Overwatch responds to that need.
Overwatch to Oversnatch: The Mutually Reinforcing Gendered Power Relations of Pornography, Streaming, and Esports
Authors: Apperley Thomas 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis chapter argues that the controversial policing of women’s bodies in esports and livestreaming is reflected in the pornification of Overwatch. This chapter makes three claims. First, mainstream heterosexual Overwatch pornography reinforces the assumed masculinity of esports. Second, the pornographic fantasies depicted reinforce everyday misogynistic attitudes to women in esports. Third, Overwatch porn also provides scope for more inclusive and diverse approaches to sexuality in emerging areas such as cosplay erotica. This chapter provides crucial insight into the porous boundaries between esports, mainstream pornography, and cosplay erotica which highlights how Overwatch pornography reinforces and reflects the discursive formations of heteronormative masculinity and misogyny in esports.
Gender and Toxic Meritocracy in Competitive Overwatch: Case “Ellie”
Authors: Friman Usva , Ruotsalainen Maria 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis chapter examines toxic meritocracy in relation to gender in competitive Overwatch, asking how gender affects a player’s opportunities for engagement in that scene. It analyzes online news stories and community discussions concerning “Ellie” – a fabricated competitive woman gamer created as a “social experiment” by a man player. The confluences between gender and toxic meritocracy become visible in the assumption there must be an experienced man gamer behind the battletag, the gender-based harassment targeted at Ellie, and the reflections on the importance of setting an example as the first team taking a woman player for Contenders. The analysis shows that despite a strong belief in meritocracy upheld within the community, there are many barriers limiting the participation of those entering competitive Overwatch as women.
Holographic duality between local Hamiltonians from random tensor networks
Authors: Apel Harriet , Kohler Tamara , Cubitt Toby 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The AdS/CFT correspondence realises the holographic principle where information in the bulk of a space is encoded at its border. We are yet a long way from a full mathematical construction of AdS/CFT, but toy models in the form of holographic quantum error correcting codes (HQECC) have replicated some interesting features of the correspondence. In this work we construct new HQECCs built from random stabilizer tensors that describe a duality between models encompassing local Hamiltonians whilst exactly obeying the Ryu-Takayanagi entropy formula for all boundary regions. We also obtain complementary recovery of local bulk operators for any boundary bipartition. Existing HQECCs have been shown to exhibit these properties individually, whereas our mathematically rigorous toy models capture these features of AdS/CFT simultaneously, advancing further towards a complete construction of holographic duality.
Comorbidities of bladder pain syndrome in the context of the HITOP distress category: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Fischer-Grote Linda , Fössing Vera , Aigner Martin , Boeckle Markus , Fehrmann Elisabeth 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Introduction and hypothesis
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is, looking at different care settings, to examine prevalence rates of psychological distress-level comorbidities in female interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) patients, their impact on Quality of Life (QoL), and the correlation between such comorbidities and symptom severity.

Methods
A systematic literature search according to PRISMA guidelines was conducted in PubMed, PsycInfo, Web of Science, Science Direct, and Google Scholar.

Results
Twenty-nine studies were found that met inclusion criteria. Prevalence rates of depression and anxiety are higher in IC/BPS patients compared to the general population; however, due to a wide array of measurements, statistical comparisons between care settings were only possible in two cases showing mixed results. No studies meeting inclusion criteria exist that examine PTSD and borderline personality disorder, though rates of past traumatic experiences seem to be higher in patients than in healthy controls. Psychological comorbidities of the distress category, especially depression, are found in most studies to be related to symptom severity, also yielding statistically significant associations.

Conclusions
While there is still need for studies focused on some of the comorbidities as well as on different care settings, the data already show that psychological comorbidities of the distress category play an important role in IC/BPS patients regarding suffering, QoL, and symptom severity, thus emphasizing the need for highly specialized interdisciplinary treatment.
Creatinine standardization: a key consideration in evaluating whole blood creatinine monitoring systems for CKD screening
Authors: Dalton Raymond Neil , Isbell Timothy Scott , Ferguson Ryan , Fiore Louis , Malic Andrei , DuBois Jeffrey Anton 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEarly detection of CKD using point of care creatinine and eGFR testing improves patient management outcomes. We undertook a field study to evaluate the use of a whole blood creatinine/eGFR device to screen a rural Nicaraguan population to determine the variability between creatinine methods and specimen types. All specimens including capillary and venous dried blood spots (DBS) were tested with an isotope dilution liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (ID-LCMS) gold standard method. This is to our knowledge the first time a capillary whole blood (POC) method has been directly compared to the gold standard IDMS method, through the novel approach of using dried blood spots. Capillary and venous whole blood specimens were obtained and tested directly with the BCMS method, and then, DBS samples were prepared. Venous plasma specimens were tested using three laboratory analyzer creatinine methods. DBS were sent to the site performing ID-LCMS. Control samples were also prepared to assess the stability of shipment and storage of DBS. The ID-LCMS method was aligned using primary and secondary standards. Sixty-six (66) patients participated in the study, and the CKD prevalence rate was 7.8%. While all creatinine methods showed a good correlation to ID-LCMS, there was a positive bias (mean absolute bias range: 0.21–0.63 mg/dL). All methods used were 100% sensitive, but specificity varied from 62.7 to 94.9% with PPV ranging from 25 to 62.5%. A correction factor was used to align the values from each method to ID-LCMS which improved the specificity of each method. This study used a unique DBS approach to align capillary whole blood creatinine to ID-LCMS. To ensure reliability of BCMS for identifying screened patients with CKD, it is important to establish IDMS traceability and alignment prior to undertaking CKD studies.
Diversification Rate is Associated with Rate of Molecular Evolution in Ray-Finned Fish (Actinopterygii)
Authors: Ritchie Andrew M. , Hua Xia , Bromham Lindell 
Published: March 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the factors that drive diversification of taxa across the tree of life is a key focus of macroevolutionary research. While the effects of life history, ecology, climate and geography on diversity have been studied for many taxa, the relationship between molecular evolution and diversification has received less attention. However, correlations between rates of molecular evolution and diversification rate have been detected in a range of taxa, including reptiles, plants and birds. A correlation between rates of molecular evolution and diversification rate is a prediction of several evolutionary theories, including the evolutionary speed hypothesis which links variation in mutation rates to differences in speciation rates. If it is widespread, such correlations could also have significant practical impacts, if they are not adequately accounted for in phylogenetic inference of evolutionary rates and timescales. Ray-finned fish (Actinopterygii) offer a prime target to test for this relationship due to their extreme variation in clade size suggesting a wide range of diversification rates. We employ both a sister-pairs approach and a whole-tree approach to test for correlations between substitution rate and net diversification. We also collect life history and ecological trait data and account for potential confounding factors including body size, latitude, max depth and reef association. We find evidence to support a relationship between diversification and synonymous rates of nuclear evolution across two published backbone phylogenies, as well as weak evidence for a relationship between mitochondrial nonsynonymous rates and diversification at the genus level.
Electrolyte and Acid–Base Disturbances in Emergency High‐Risk Abdominal Surgery, a Retrospective Study
Authors: Cihoric Mirjana , Kehlet Henrik , Lauritsen Morten Laksáfoss , Højlund Jakob , Foss Nicolai Bang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundPatients undergoing emergency high‐risk abdominal surgery potentially suffer from both systemic dehydration and hypovolaemia. Data on the prevalence and clinical impact of electrolyte disturbances in this patient group, specifically the differences in patients with intestinal obstruction (IO) versus perforated viscus (PV) are lacking.
MethodsAdult patients undergoing emergency high‐risk abdominal surgery in a standardized perioperative pathway were included in this retrospective single‐center cohort study. Electrolytes and arterial blood gas analysis were measured during the early perioperative period. Prevalence and clinical impact of electrolyte disturbances were assessed.ResultsA total of 354 patients were included in the study. Preoperative alkalemia dominated preoperatively, significantly more prevalent in IO (45 vs. 32%, p < .001), while acidosis was most pronounced postoperatively in PV (49 vs. 28%, p < .0001). Preoperative hypochloraemia and hypokalemia were more frequent in the IO (34 vs. 20% and 37 vs. 25%, respectively). Hyponatremia was highly prevalent in both IO and PV. Pre‐ and postoperative hypochloremia were independently associated with 30‐day postoperative morbidity and mortality in patients with IO (OR 2.87 (1.35, 6.23) p = 0.006, OR 6.86 (1.71, 32.2) p = 0.009, respectively). Hypochloremic patients presented with reduced long‐term survival as compared with the normo‐ and hyperchloremic patients (p < 0.05). Neither plasma sodium nor potassium showed a significant association with outcome.ConclusionThese observations suggest that acute high‐risk abdominal patients have frequent preoperative alkalosis shifting to postoperative acidosis. Both pre‐ and postoperative hypochloremia were independently associated with both impaired short‐ and long‐term outcome in patients with intestinal obstruction, with potential implications for the choice of resuscitations fluids.