bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of logistic regression and machine learning methods for predicting postoperative delirium in elderly patients: A retrospective study
Authors: Song Yu‐xiang , Yang Xiao‐dong , Luo Yun‐gen , Ouyang Chun‐lei , Yu Yao , Ma Yu‐long , Li Hao , Lou Jing‐sheng , Liu Yan‐hong , Chen Yi‐qiang , Cao Jiang‐bei , Mi Wei‐dong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimsTo compare the performance of logistic regression and machine learning methods in predicting postoperative delirium (POD) in elderly patients.MethodThis was a retrospective study of perioperative medical data from patients undergoing non‐cardiac and non‐neurology surgery over 65 years old from January 2014 to August 2019. Forty‐six perioperative variables were used to predict POD. A traditional logistic regression and five machine learning models (Random Forest, GBM, AdaBoost, XGBoost, and a stacking ensemble model) were compared by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC‐ROC), sensitivity, specificity, and precision.ResultsIn total, 29,756 patients were enrolled, and the incidence of POD was 3.22% after variable screening. AUCs were 0.783 (0.765–0.8) for the logistic regression method, 0.78 for random forest, 0.76 for GBM, 0.74 for AdaBoost, 0.73 for XGBoost, and 0.77 for the stacking ensemble model. The respective sensitivities for the 6 aforementioned models were 74.2%, 72.2%, 76.8%, 63.6%, 71.6%, and 67.4%. The respective specificities for the 6 aforementioned models were 70.7%, 99.8%, 96.5%, 98.8%, 96.5%, and 96.1%. The respective precision values for the 6 aforementioned models were 7.8%, 52.3%, 55.6%, 57%, 54.5%, and 56.4%.ConclusionsThe optimal application of the logistic regression model could provide quick and convenient POD risk identification to help improve the perioperative management of surgical patients because of its better sensitivity, fewer variables, and easier interpretability than the machine learning model.
Mandibular 3‐implant overdenture: A clinical report of a novel design
Authors: Alsabeeha Nabeel H. M. , Ma Sunyoung , Payne Alan G. T. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo report on the use of a mandibular 3‐implant overdenture with a novel implant distribution opposing a maxillary complete denture for the rehabilitation of an older edentulous patient.BackgroundThe use of oral implants with attachment systems of various numbers and designs to support removable partial and complete dentures is well documented with success and predictability.Materials and methodsAn older edentulous patient with a mandibular implant‐assisted removable partial denture was presented with failing remaining dentition. Teeth were extracted and a single midsymphyseal implant was placed. A mandibular overdenture on three implants with ball attachments in a tripod distribution was constructed to oppose a new maxillary complete denture made using a modified impression technique.ResultsOver 2 years of follow‐up, no significant biological or mechanical complications were reported, and denture retention and stability remained optimum.ConclusionMandibular overdentures on three implants with ball attachments in a tripod distribution, opposing a maxillary complete denture, could be an alternative treatment option for the older edentulous patients.
Disorders and oxygen vacancies in p‐type Sn2B2O7 (B = Nb, Ta): Role of the B‐site element
Authors: Samizo Akane , Minohara Makoto , Kikuchi Naoto , Ando Kenta , Mazuka Yuta , Nishio Keishi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSn2Nb2−xTaxO7 (x = 0.0–2.0) with pyrochlore structure is a promising material for p‐type oxide semiconductors. A systematic study of its Nb/Ta ratio indicated that the hole–generation efficiency of the Nb end (Sn2Nb2O7) was an order of magnitude lower than that of the Ta end (Sn2Ta2O7). Although this occurs due to differences in oxygen‐vacancy formation, the origins of the hole–generation efficiencies remain unclear due to limited information on local and global crystal‐structure disorders in pyrochlore Sn2Nb2O7 and Sn2Ta2O7. In this study, the crystal structures of Sn2B2O7 (B = Nb, Ta), composed of BO6 octahedra and Sn4O tetrahedra, were investigated using X‐ray absorption spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction. A detailed investigation of the local and global crystal structures indicated a larger amount of disorder in the Sn4O tetrahedra in Sn2Nb2O7 compared to Sn2Ta2O7; disorder in the BO6 octahedra occurred only in Sn2Ta2O7. This study indicates that an appropriate selection of the B‐site element is vital for suppressing defect and disorder formation in Sn4O tetrahedra and subsequently improving the hole–carrier–generation efficiency.
Insights into internal oxidation of SiC/BN/SiC composites
Authors: Christensen Victoria L. , Zok Frank W. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe article presents new observations of the physical manifestations of internal oxidation and volatilization in SiC/BN/SiC composites. The observations are made on both unbroken and broken minicomposite specimens before and after 12 h exposures at 1000°C in dry air with 10 ppm water vapor. The observations are enabled by a sample preparation method involving ion‐mill sectioning and polishing. Complementary analyses of volatilization and closure of resulting gaps are also presented. The observations show that BN is generally consumed in two stages: (i) through reaction with oxygen along the interfaces with both the fiber and the matrix, producing two concentric annular pockets of borosilicate glass and an intervening annulus of progressively thinning BN; and (ii) subsequent volatilization, through the reaction of boria with trace amounts of water vapor in the environment to form borohydroxide gases. The spatial extent to which these processes proceed is governed by a competition between the outward diffusion of reaction gases through both matrix cracks and interface gaps produced by boria volatilization, and the formation of oxides on the newly exposed surfaces of fibers, matrix, and coating.
The effectiveness of published continuum constitutive laws to predict stress‐assisted densification of powder compacts
Authors: Espinoza‐Ochoa Irma Magaly , Camacho‐Montes Héctor , Espinosa‐Almeyda Yoanh , Rodríguez‐González Claudia Alejandra , Bordia Rajendra Kumar 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCommonly used constitutive laws for crystalline and viscous materials have been compared to predict the densification behavior under hot‐pressing and sinter‐forging. Experimental results, from literature for one loading condition, have been used to extract the constitutive laws for amorphous and crystalline materials and, these in‐turn, have been used to predict behavior under a different set of loading conditions. Ideally, the constitutive parameters obtained from one set of loading conditions and thermal history should apply to a different set of conditions. However, there is a lack of systematic experimental studies in which this can be checked. In this paper, we use constitutive parameters obtained from one set of conditions to predict the densification response under a different set of loading conditions. For both sintering of amorphous and crystalline materials, we use two different constitutive parameters and compare the predictions of these for the case where experimental results are not available. In addition, the effect of temperature on densification behavior for stress‐assisted sintering has been investigated. It is shown that the two commonly used constitutive models for viscous sintering (Scherer and Skorohod–Olevsky) predict similar behavior for amorphous materials. However, for crystalline materials, the predictions of the Riedel–Svoboda and the Kuhn–Sofronis–McMeeking (KSM) models are different. Finally, it is shown that the dependence of the normalized densification on temperature, under constant heating rate conditions, with parameters obtained from isothermal experiments, is a good test for the models.
Experience of patients with diabetic retinopathy: A qualitative study
Authors: Shi Jinghua , Zhang Can , Zhao Qingqing , Zhang Ximei , Guo Lixia , Jia Tingting 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimsTo understand the status quo and needs of self‐management of patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) and to provide a reference for formulating management programs that meet the needs of these patients.DesignA qualitative interview study.MethodsSemi‐structured, in‐depth interviews were conducted between November and December 2021. A purposive sample of 15 patients with DR who were hospitalized in the Retinal Department of Eye Hospital was recruited. Colaizzi's analysis was used to organize and analyse the interview data. This study followed the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) checklist.ResultsThe experience of patients with DR can be summarized into four themes: (1) lack of DR knowledge, (2) low quality of life, (3) poor self‐management behaviour and (4) seek for support from many aspects.ConclusionPatients with DR lack disease knowledge and have poor self‐management abilities and adherence. Medical staff should provide personalized care according to the patient's self‐management status and needs, promote the establishment of self‐management behaviours and prevent and delay disease progression.ImpactThis study helps assist medical staff in the early management of patients with DR and provides a reference for the construction of prevention programs for patients.
Population divergence associated with spatial asynchrony in precipitation in Neotropical frogs
Authors: Guarnizo Carlos E. , Montoya Paola , Quintero Ignacio , Cadena Carlos Daniel 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimThe role that geography plays in promoting speciation by spatially isolating populations has been studied extensively, but less attention has been devoted to assessing the role of isolation by time mediated by spatial variation in climate as a mechanism promoting population divergence. Gene flow between populations differing in their reproductive schedules might be reduced relative to that between populations with overlapping breeding seasons, potentially leading to genetic divergence. Assuming that precipitation influences reproductive schedules, we explored the effect of asynchronous precipitation regimes on intraspecific genetic divergence. In addition, we examined whether microevolutionary processes are reflected in macroevolutionary patterns by assessing whether regions with more asynchronous precipitation across space have higher frog species richness and have experienced greater speciation rates than regions with more spatially synchronous precipitation regimes.LocationCentral and South America.TaxonAnurans: across 38 species of Neotropical frogs.MethodsFor microevolutionary analyses, we assessed the relationship between spatial asynchrony in precipitation and mitochondrial DNA genetic divergence accounting for ecological connectivity using multiple regression and phylogenetic meta‐analyses. For macroevolutionary analyses, we assessed the relationship between species richness, speciation rates estimated from a comprehensive molecular phylogeny, and the degree of spatial asynchrony in precipitation using generalized linear models.ResultsWe found that spatial asynchrony in precipitation is positively associated with genetic differentiation in 39% of the species tested, resulting in a weak cross‐species effect. However, the effect of asynchrony in precipitation on population divergence seems not to scale to macroevolutionary patterns because spatial asynchrony in precipitation was not associated with geographical patterns of species richness nor speciation rates.Main ConclusionsOur results indicate that asynchronous breeding may promote genetic divergence even in the absence of geographical barriers in species where breeding is associated with water availability, but such effects may not be stable enough through time to influence macroevolutionary patterns.
Efficacy of access flap and pocket elimination procedures in the management of peri‐implantitis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Karlsson Karolina , Trullenque‐Eriksson Anna , Tomasi Cristiano , Derks Jan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimTo evaluate the efficacy of access flap and pocket elimination procedures in the surgical treatment of peri‐implantitis.Materials and MethodsSystematic electronic searches (Central/MEDLINE/EMBASE) up to March 2022 were conducted to identify prospective clinical studies evaluating surgical therapy (access flap or pocket elimination procedures) of peri‐implantitis. Primary outcome measures were reduction of probing depth (PD) and bleeding on probing (BOP). Risk of bias was evaluated according to study design. Meta‐analysis and meta‐regression were performed. Results were expressed as standardized mean effect with 95% confidence interval (CI).ResultsEvidence from studies directly comparing surgical with non‐surgical therapy is lacking. Based on pre‐post data originating from 13 prospective patient cohorts, pronounced reductions of PD (standardized mean effect: 2.2 mm; 95% CI 1.8–2.7) and BOP% (27.0; 95% CI 19.8–34.2) as well as marginal bone level gain (0.2 mm; 95% CI –0.0 to 0.5) were observed at evaluation time points ranging from 1 to 5 years. Wide prediction intervals suggested a high degree of heterogeneity. Reduction of mean PD increased by 0.7 mm (95% CI 0.5–0.9) for every millimetre in increase of mean PD at baseline. During the follow‐up period ranging from 1 to 5 years, disease recurrence occurred frequently and implant loss was not uncommon.ConclusionsAccess flap and pocket elimination surgery are effective procedures in the management of peri‐implantitis, although rates of disease recurrence during 5 years were high. Treatment outcomes were affected by baseline conditions.
Nurses' support needs in providing high‐quality palliative care to persons with dementia in the hospital setting: A cross‐sectional survey study
Authors: Huijten Daniël C. M. , Bolt Sascha R. , Meesterberends Esther , Meijers Judith M. M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundSince dementia is an irreversible progressive disease characterized by a decline in mental functions and overall health, a palliative care approach is recommended. Nevertheless, many persons with dementia experience burdensome hospitalizations in end‐of‐life care. Their quality of life during hospitalization can be improved by palliative nursing care that suits their fragile health.AimTo explore hospital nurses' perceived support needs while providing high‐quality palliative care for persons with dementia and to identify differences between nurses in different ward types and at different educational levels.DesignCross‐sectional, multicenter survey study.MethodBetween January 2021 and April 2021, a convenience sample of Dutch hospital nurses received a web‐based questionnaire on the topics of palliative caregiving, communication, collaboration, and hospital admissions. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.ResultsThe survey was completed by 235 nurses. The most frequently endorsed support needs were “communicating with persons with severe dementia” (58.3%), “appointing a permanent contact person in the care for persons with dementia” (53.6%), and “dealing with family disagreement in end‐of‐life care” (53.2%). If nurses had more time to provide care, 66.4% of them would prioritize providing personal attention. Most support needs identified by nurses were similar.ConclusionA heterogeneous group of nurses demonstrates overall similar support needs in providing palliative care for persons with dementia and their families in the hospital setting.Clinical RelevanceNursing practices should implement dementia‐friendly interventions to improve the quality of dementia care in the hospital.
The multilobated morphology is still a better prognosis factor of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma in the R‐CHOP era
Authors: Ito Atsushi , Miyaoka Masashi , Tomita Sakura , Ikoma Haruka , Hiraiwa Shinichiro , Carreras Joaquim , Kikuti Yara Yukie , Kawada Hiroshi , Nakamura Naoya 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDiffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of B‐cell lymphoma. Although the multilobated subtype of DLBCL has been observed since the 1970s, little is known about the clinical significance of this unique variant in the era of rituximab, cyclophosphamide, hydroxydaunorubicin, oncovin, prednisone/prednisolone (R‐CHOP) therapy. In this study, the retrospective clinicopathological analysis of 312 patients diagnosed with DLBCL showed that the multilobated DLBCL group comprised 11% of the cases and was predominantly male (p = 0.027), achieved complete remission in the first therapy (p = 0.023), and exhibited germinal center B‐cell phenotypes in the Hans algorithm (p = 0.025). The multilobated DLBCL groups had a better prognosis in overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) than the non‐multilobated DLBCL group (OS, p = 0.006; PFS, p = 0.010). In the multivariate Cox regression analyses for OS, independent prognosis factors were high soluble IL‐2 receptor (p = 0.025), high risk of International Prognostic Index, and multilobated morphology (p = 0.031). The most characteristic copy number gains found in more than 50% of the cases were located at 1q, 3p, 10q, 12q, and 14q. Overall, the multilobated morphology in DLBCL exhibits a good outcome in the R‐CHOP era.
Natural variation of Alfin‐like family affects seed size and drought tolerance in rice
Authors: Yang Yunan , Ma Xiaosong , Xia Hui , Wang Lei , Chen Shoujun , Xu Kai , Yang Fangwen , Zou Yuqiao , Wang Yulan , Zhu Jinmin , Li Tianfei , Luo Zhi , Hu Songping , Liao Zhigang , Luo Lijun , Yu Shunwu 
Published: October 2022

SUMMARYThe Alfin‐like (AL) family is a group of small plant‐specific transcriptional factors involved in abiotic stresses in dicotyledon. In an early study, we found an AL gene in rice that was associated with grain yield under drought stress. However, little information is known about the AL family in rice. In this study, AL genes in the rice genome were identified, and the OsAL proteins were found to locate in the nucleus and have no transcriptional self‐activation activity. The expression of the OsALs was regulated by different environmental stimulations and plant hormones. Association and domestication analysis revealed that natural variation of most OsALs was significantly associated with yield traits, drought resistance and divergence in grain size in indica and japonica rice varieties. Hap1 of OsAL7.1 and Hap7 of OsAL11 were favorable haplotypes of seed weight and germination under osmotic stress. Furthermore, osal7.1 and osal11 mutants have larger seeds and are more sensitive to abscisic acid and mannitol during germination stage. Overexpressing of OsAL7.1 and OsAL11 in rice weakened the tolerance to drought in the adult stage. Thus, our work provides informative knowledge for exploring and harnessing haplotype diversity of OsALs to improve yield stability under drought stress.
Lidar Attenuation Through a Physical Model of Grass-Like Vegetation
Authors: Petty Taylor M. , Fernandez Juan D. , Fischell Jason N. , De Jesús-Díaz Luis A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Off-road autonomous vehicles face a unique set of challenges compared to those designed for road use. Lane markings and road signs are unavailable, with soft soils, mud, steep slopes, and vegetation taking their place. Autonomy struggles with shrubbery, saplings, and tall grasses. It can be difficult to determine if this vegetation or what it obscures is drivable. Modeling and simulation of autonomy sensors and the environments they interact with enhances and accelerates autonomy development, but analytical models found in the literature and our in-house simulation software did not agree on how well lidar penetrates grass-like vegetation. To test our simulator against the analytical model, we constructed vegetation mock-ups that conform to the assumptions of the analytical model and measured the pass-through rate on calibrated lidar targets. Vegetation density, lidar-to-vegetation distance, and target reflectivity were varied. A random effects model was used to address the dependence introduced by repeated measures, which increased accuracy while reducing time and cost. Stem density impacted total beam return count and grass patch pass-through rate. Target reflectivity results varied by lidar unit, and three-way factor interaction was significant. Results suggest benchmarking experiments could be useful in autonomy development. Permission to publish was granted by Director, Geotechnical & Structures Laboratory.
Crystal plasticity enhances trace element mobility in garnet
Authors: Tacchetto Tommaso , Reddy Steven M. , Fougerouse Denis , Clark Chris , Saxey David W. , Rickard William D.A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Chemical heterogeneities along grain boundaries in garnet occur across a wide range of metamorphic conditions, yet the processes underlying their development remain poorly understood. Here we integrate electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) and atom probe tomography (APT) to evaluate the mechanisms driving nanoscale trace element mobility to deformation microstructures in a granulite-facies garnet. This approach shows that low-angle boundaries can be enriched in Ca, Ti, P, Cu, K, Na, Cl, and H. Based on the correlation between EBSD and APT data, we propose that solute ions (Ca, Ti, P, and Cu) were segregated to the interface during the migration of dislocation associated with ductile deformation of the grain. In contrast, elements such as K, Na, Cl, and H are interpreted to reflect diffusion along the low-angle boundary from an externally derived fluid source. These results provide the missing link between chemical heterogeneity and deformation-related microstructures in garnet. Our approach shows that a combination of microstructural and nanoscale geochemical analyses can provide unprecedented insights into mechanisms of element transfer within minerals.
Switches of Powerful Nanosecond Current Pulses Based on High-Voltage Units of Shock Ionized Dynistors
Authors: Korotkov S. V. , Aristov Yu. V. , Korotkov D. A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Monounit and modular switches of high-power current pulses with an operating voltage of 12 kV, made on the basis of series-connected shock ionized dynistors, are described. The switching processes of these switches are studied. The dependence of switching energy losses on the control pulse power is determined. The possibility of switching nanosecond current pulses with an amplitude of several kiloamperes at a frequency of several hundred hertz is shown.
Agile Acceleration of Stateful Hash-based Signatures in Hardware
Authors: Thoma Jan Philipp , Hartlief Darius , Güneysu Tim 
Published: October 2022

With the development of large-scale quantum computers, the current landscape of asymmetric cryptographic algorithms will change dramatically. Today’s standards like RSA, DSA, and ElGamal will no longer provide sufficient security against quantum attackers and need to be replaced with novel algorithms. In the face of these developments, NIST has already started a standardization process for new Key Encapsulation Mechanisms (KEMs) and Digital Signatures (DSs). Moreover, NIST has recommended the two stateful Hash-Based Signatures (HBSs) schemes XMSS and LMS for use in devices with a long expected lifetime and limited capabilities for maintenance. Both schemes are also standardized by the IETF.
In this work, we present the first agile hardware implementation that supports both LMS and XMSS. Our design can instantiate either LMS, XMSS, or both schemes using a simple configuration setting. Leveraging the vast similarities of the two schemes, the hardware utilization of the agile design increases by 20% in LUTs and only 3% in Flip Flops (FFs) over a standalone XMSS implementation. Furthermore, our approach can easily be configured with an arbitrary number of hash cores and accelerators for the one-time signatures for different application scenarios. We evaluate our implementation on the Xilinx Artix-7 FPGA platform, which is the recommended target for PQC implementations by NIST. We explore potential tradeoffs in the design space and compare our results to previous work in this field.