bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Country data on AMR in Russia in the context of community-acquired respiratory tract infections: links between antibiotic susceptibility, local and international antibiotic prescribing guidelines, access to medicine and clinical outcome
Authors: Torumkuney Didem , Kozlov Roman , Sidorenko Sergey , Kamble Praveen , Lezhnina Margarita , Galushkin Aleksandr , Kundu Subhashri 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
Antimicrobial reistance (AMR) is one of the biggest threats to global public health. Selection of resistant bacteria is driven by inappropriate use of antibiotics, amongst other factors. COVID-19 may have exacerbated AMR due to unnecessary antibiotic prescribing. Country-level knowledge is needed to understand options for action.

Objectives
To review AMR in Russia and any initiatives addressing it. Identifying any areas where more information is required will provide a call to action to minimize any further rise in AMR within Russia and to improve patient outcomes.

Methods
National AMR initiatives, antibiotic use and prescribing, and availability of susceptibility data, in particular for the key community-acquired respiratory tract infection (CA-RTI) pathogens Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae, were identified. National and international antibiotic prescribing guidelines commonly used locally for specific CA-RTIs (community-acquired pneumonia, acute otitis media and acute bacterial rhinosinusitis) were also reviewed, plus local antibiotic availability. Insights from both a local clinician and a local clinical microbiologist were sought to contextualize this information.

Conclusions
Russia launched a national strategy in 2017 to prevent the spread of AMR and the WHO reports that as of 2020–21, it is being implemented and actively monitored. Reports suggest outpatient antibiotic use of antibiotics is high and that non-prescription access and self-medication are very common. Antibiotic susceptibility studies in Russia include PeHASus, a multicentre epidemiological study focusing on susceptibilities of community-acquired respiratory pathogens and international studies such as Survey of Antibiotic Resistance (SOAR), Antimicrobial Testing Leadership and Surveillance (ATLAS) and SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program. International guidelines are used to support the development of local guidelines in Russia, and for the common CA-RTIs Russian clinicians use of several country-specific local antibiotic prescribing guidelines. A standardized inclusive approach in developing local guidelines, using up-to-date surveillance data of isolates from community-acquired infections in Russia, could make guideline use more locally relevant for clinicians. This would pave the way for a higher level of appropriate antibiotic prescribing and improved adherence. This would, in turn, potentially limit AMR development and improve patient outcomes.
Country data on AMR in Saudi Arabia in the context of community-acquired respiratory tract infections: links between antibiotic susceptibility, local and international antibiotic prescribing guidelines, access to medicine and clinical outcome
Authors: Torumkuney Didem , Dolgum Saeed , van Hasselt James , Abdullah Walid , Keles Nergis 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the biggest threats to global public health. Selection of resistant bacteria is driven by inappropriate use of antibiotics, amongst other factors. COVID-19 may have exacerbated AMR due to unnecessary antibiotic prescribing. Country-level knowledge is needed to understand options for action.

Objectives
To review AMR in Saudi Arabia and initiatives addressing it. Identifying areas where more information is required will provide a call to action to minimize a further rise in AMR within Saudi Arabia and improve patient outcomes.

Methods
National AMR initiatives, antibiotic use and prescribing, and availability of susceptibility data, particularly for the key community-acquired respiratory tract infection (CA-RTI) pathogens Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae, were identified. National and international antibiotic prescribing guidelines commonly used locally for specific CA-RTIs (community-acquired pneumonia, acute otitis media and acute bacterial rhinosinusitis) were also reviewed, plus local antibiotic availability. Insights from a clinician in Saudi Arabia were sought to contextualize this information.

Conclusions
Various initiatives are underway in Saudi Arabia, including a National Action Plan for AMR, which was published in 2017. However, AMR is rising and knowledge about appropriate antibiotic use seems to be lacking among physicians and the general public. Various international guidelines are utilized by clinicians in Saudi Arabia, but a more standardized inclusive approach in developing local guidelines, using up-to-date surveillance data of isolates from community-acquired infections in Saudi Arabia could make management guideline use more locally relevant for clinicians. This would pave the way for a higher level of appropriate antibiotic prescribing and improved adherence. This would, in turn, potentially limit AMR development and improve patient outcomes.
Urinary Exosomes: A Promising Biomarker for Disease Diagnosis
Authors: Wang Yizhao , Zhang Man 
Published: September 2022

AbstractExosomes are nanoscale vesicles derived from endocytosis, formed by fusion of multivesicular bodies with membranes and secreted into the extracellular matrix or body fluids. Many studies have shown that exosomes can be present in a variety of biological fluids, such as plasma, urine, saliva, amniotic fluid, ascites, and sweat, and most types of cells can secrete exosomes. Exosomes play an important role in many aspects of human development, including immunity, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and neoplasia. Urine can be an alternative to blood or tissue samples as a potential source of disease biomarkers because of its simple, noninvasive, sufficient, and stable characteristics. Therefore, urinary exosomes have valuable potential for early screening, monitoring disease progression, prognosis, and treatment. The method for isolating urinary exosomes has been perfected, and exosome proteomics is widely used. Therefore, we review the potential use of urinary exosomes for disease diagnosis and summarize the related literature.
Rabbi Shlomo Mashiah and His “Shirah”: Modern Immigration and Mystic Redemption
Authors: Nissimi Hilda 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This article considers the ways traditional love of Zion was expressed through immigration in the Mashhadi community due to encounters with new phenomena like the Bukharan Jews’ immigration to the land of Israel, Russian and British imperialism, and early stirrings of Iranian nationalism and constitutionalism, as well as early Zionist activity in Palestine. It is viewed through the prism of a piyyut written by Rabbi Shlomo Mashiah, one of the prominent Kabbalists in Jerusalem at the beginning of the twentieth century, and a member of one of the earliest groups of immigrants from Iran. I analyze the piyyut, written in messianic traditional language, and show that some of the terms may have had a political meaning, or at least were used a few decades later in political Zionist contexts. Thus, although Zionism is not supposed to be a characteristic of Iranian Jewish immigration before 1917, and the piyyut is messianic in language, I argue that it carries new, modern overtones, and shows the transformation of traditional language.
Properties of the radius valley around low mass stars: predictions from the core-powered mass-loss mechanism
Authors: Gupta Akash , Nicholson Lorraine , Schlichting Hilke E 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
In recent years, analysing the bimodality in the size distribution of small planets, i.e. the ‘radius valley’, has given us unprecedented insight into the planet formation process. Here, we explore the properties of the radius valley for low mass stars, assuming that the core-powered mass-loss is the dominant process shaping the small exoplanet population. We show that the slope of radius valley in the planet size-orbital period space, to first order, does not vary with stellar mass and has a negative slope of dlogRp/dlogP ≃ −0.11 even for stars as small as 0.1 M⊙, as observed in latest studies. Furthermore, we find that the slope of the radius valley in the planet size-stellar mass space is dlogRp/dlogM* ≃ (3ζ − 2)/36 where ζ is given by the stellar mass–luminosity relation $L_\ast \propto M_\ast ^\zeta$. Because ζ is ≳ 2 and increases with stellar mass, we predict that the radius valley has a positive slope in the planet size-stellar mass space across FGKM dwarfs. This slope, however, decreases (increases) in magnitude towards lower (higher) mass stars, due to the variation of ζ with stellar mass. While around 1.0 M⊙ stars the slope is dlogRp/dlogM* ∼ 0.37, it is as low as ∼0.13 around 0.1 M⊙ stars. In addition, we find that the radius valley is narrower and less empty around lower mass stars. Finally, we show that predictions for the radius valley for core-powered mass-loss and photoevaporation become increasingly distinct for lower mass stars.
Counterparts of candidate dusty starbursts at z &gt; 6
Authors: Yan Haojing , Ling Chenxiaoji , Ma Zhiyuan 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
We present an analysis of the optical-to-near-infrared (IR) counterparts of a sample of candidate dusty starbursts at z &gt; 6. These objects were pre-selected based on the rising trend of their far-IR-to-sub-millimeter spectral energy distributions and the fact that they are radio-weak. Their precise positions are available through millimeter and/or radio interferometry, which enable us to search for their counterparts in the deep optical-to-near-IR images. The sample includes five z &gt; 6 candidates. Three of them have their counterparts identified, one is still invisible in the deepest images, and one is a known galaxy at z = 5.667 that is completely blocked by a foreground galaxy. The three with counterparts identified are analysed using population synthesis model, and they have photometric redshift solutions ranging from 7.5 to 9.0. Assuming that they are indeed at these redshifts and that they are not gravitationally lensed, their total IR luminosities are $10^{13.8-14.1}\, {\rm L}_\odot$ and the inferred star formation rates are 6.3–13 $\times 10^3\, {\rm M}_\odot$ yr−1. The existence of dusty starbursts at such redshifts would imply that the Universe must be forming stars intensely very early in time in at least some galaxies, otherwise there would not be enough dust to produce the descendants observed at these redshifts. The inferred host galaxy stellar masses of these three objects, which are at $\gtrsim 10^{11}\, {\rm M}_\odot$ (if not affected by gravitational lensing), present a difficulty in explanation unless we are willing to accept that their progenitors either kept forming stars at a rate of $\gtrsim 10^3\, {\rm M}_\odot$ yr−1 or were formed through intense instantaneous bursts. Spectroscopic confirmation of such objects will be imperative.
Signatures of reionization feedback in the near-infrared background
Authors: Mirocha Jordan , Liu Adrian , La Plante Paul 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
The reionization of the intergalactic medium at redshifts z ≳ 6 is expected to have a lasting impact on galaxies residing in low-mass dark matter haloes. Unable to accrete or retain gas photoheated to temperatures T ≳ 104 K, the star formation histories of faint galaxies in the early Universe are expected to decline as they exhaust their gas supply, and so give rise to a ‘turnover’ at the faint-end of the galaxy luminosity function. In this work, we explore the possibility of constraining this reionization feedback with measurements of the cosmic near-infrared background (NIRB), which traces the rest-optical and ultraviolet emission of high-redshift galaxies. We find that the contrast between passively-ageing low-mass galaxies quenched by reionization and bluer actively star-forming galaxies unaffected by reionization, manifests as a scale- and colour-dependent signature in the NIRB at a level comparable to the sensitivity of NASA’s upcoming SPHEREx mission. Whereas models with pure mass suppression largely affect the signal at wavelengths ≲2 μm, ∼5 per cent-level differences in the background persist out to ≃5 μm for reionization feedback models on ≃20 arcmin scales. Finally, the power spectra of intensity ratio maps exhibit larger ∼ tens of per cent variations, and may thus be a promising target for future analyses.
Spatially resolved properties of early-type group-dominant galaxies with MUSE: gas content, ionization mechanisms, and metallicity gradients
Authors: Lagos P , Loubser S I , Scott T C , O’Sullivan E , Kolokythas K , Babul A , Nigoche-Netro A , Olivares V , Sengupta C 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
With the goal of a thorough investigation of the ionized gas and its origin in early-type group-dominant galaxies, we present archival MUSE data for 18 galaxies from the Complete Local-Volume Groups Sample (CLoGS). These data allowed us to study the spatially resolved warm gas properties, including the morphology of the ionized gas, EW(H α), and kinematics as well as the gas-phase metallicity (12 + log(O/H)) of these systems. In order to distinguish between different ionization mechanisms, we used the emission-line ratios [O iii]/H β and [N ii]/H α in the BPT diagrams and EW(H α). We find that the ionization sources in our sample have variable impacts at different radii; central regions are more influenced by low-luminosity active galactic nuclei, while extended regions of low-ionization nuclear emission-line region-like emission are ionized by other mechanisms with post-asymptotic giant branch stars photoionization likely contributing significantly. We classified our sample into three H α +[N ii] emission morphology types. We calculate the gas-phase metallicity assuming several methods and ionization sources. In general, 12 + log(O/H) decreases with radius from the centre for all galaxies, independently of nebular morphology type, indicating a metallicity gradient in the abundance profiles. Interestingly, the more extended filamentary structures and all extranuclear star-forming regions present shallow metallicity gradients. Within the uncertainties these extended structures can be considered chemically homogeneous. We suggest that group-dominant galaxies in our sample likely acquired their cold gas in the past as a consequence of one or more mechanisms, e.g. gas-clouds or satellite mergers/accretion and/or cooling flows that contribute to the growth of the ionized gas structures.
Luck of the Irish? A companion of the Cloverleaf connected by a bridge of molecular gas
Authors: Stacey H R , Arrigoni Battaia F 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
We present deep observations of CO (3–2) from the Cloverleaf lensed quasar-starburst at z = 2.56. We discover a 4–5 times less massive companion at a projected distance of 33 kpc from the Cloverleaf host galaxy. The galaxies are connected by a bridge of CO emission, indicating that they are interacting and that the companion is being stripped by the Cloverleaf. We also find evidence for fast molecular gas in the spectral line of the Cloverleaf that may be an outflow induced by stellar or quasar feedback. All of these features may be ubiquitous among quasars and only detected here with the help of gravitational lensing and the sensitivity of the data. Overall, these findings agree with galaxy formation scenarios that predict gas-rich mergers play a key role in quasar triggering, starburst triggering, and the formation of compact spheroids.
Risk factors for hospitalization or mortality for COVID-19 in patients with rheumatic diseases: Results of a nationwide JCR COVID-19 registry in Japan
Authors: Oku Kenji , Kimoto Yasutaka , Horiuchi Takahiko , Yamamoto Mari , Kondo Yasushi , Okamoto Masashi , Atsumi Tatsuya , Takeuchi Tsutomu 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT

Objectives
The incidence and prognosis of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and rheumatic disease vary among ethnicities and regions. COVID-19 outcomes in rheumatic disease patients remain unclear, especially in the Asia-Pacific region. This study aimed to clarify the demographic and clinical factors that may influence COVID-19 prognosis in rheumatic disease patients.

Methods
This was a case series of patients registered with the COVID-19 national registry of Japan College of Rheumatology between 3 June 2020 and 30 June 2021. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the risk of hospitalization or death. Age, sex, smoking status, rheumatic disease diagnosis, comorbidities, and rheumatic disease medications are taken immediately before infection was analysed.

Results
A total of 220 patients from 55 institutions in Japan were included in the study, among whom 186 (84.5%) were hospitalized and 11 (5.0%) died. COVID-19 treatments were provided to 126 patients (57.3%) and mainly comprised glucocorticoids, favipiravir, remdesivir, and tocilizumab.
In the multiple logistic regression model, older age and a history of hypertension were associated with hospitalization, while older age was associated with mortality. No specific treatment was correlated with mortality or hospitalization by the multivariate analysis.

Conclusions
Older age and hypertension were associated with a poor prognosis in Japanese COVID-19 patients with connective tissue disease. Factors not directly related to connective tissue disease were closely associated with the prognosis.
sgcocaller and comapr: personalised haplotype assembly and comparative crossover map analysis using single-gamete sequencing data
Authors: Lyu Ruqian , Tsui Vanessa , Crismani Wayne , Liu Ruijie , Shim Heejung , McCarthy Davis J 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Profiling gametes of an individual enables the construction of personalised haplotypes and meiotic crossover landscapes, now achievable at larger scale than ever through the availability of high-throughput single-cell sequencing technologies. However, high-throughput single-gamete data commonly have low depth of coverage per gamete, which challenges existing gamete-based haplotype phasing methods. In addition, haplotyping a large number of single gametes from high-throughput single-cell DNA sequencing data and constructing meiotic crossover profiles using existing methods requires intensive processing. Here, we introduce efficient software tools for the essential tasks of generating personalised haplotypes and calling crossovers in gametes from single-gamete DNA sequencing data (sgcocaller), and constructing, visualising, and comparing individualised crossover landscapes from single gametes (comapr). With additional data pre-possessing, the tools can also be applied to bulk-sequenced samples. We demonstrate that sgcocaller is able to generate impeccable phasing results for high-coverage datasets, on which it is more accurate and stable than existing methods, and also performs well on low-coverage single-gamete sequencing datasets for which current methods fail. Our tools achieve highly accurate results with user-friendly installation, comprehensive documentation, efficient computation times and minimal memory usage.
Comparing POD and MOD ENDS Users’ Product Characteristics, Use Behaviors, and Nicotine Exposure
Authors: Felicione Nicholas J , Kaiser Lisa , Leigh Noel J , Page Michelle K , Block Ashleigh C , Schurr Bradley E , O’Connor Richard J , Goniewicz Maciej L 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Introduction
POD electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), often containing high concentrations of nicotine salts, have replaced MODs (ie, open/modifiable devices) as the most popular devices. The purpose of this study was to compare device/liquid characteristics, use behavior, and nicotine exposure between POD and MOD users.

Methods
Data from the initial visit of a prospective observational study of exclusive ENDS users compared MOD (n = 48) and POD (n = 37) users. Participants completed questionnaires on demographic characteristics, patterns of ENDS use, and ENDS features. A urine sample was collected to test for cotinine and an ENDS liquid sample was collected to test for nicotine and salts. Puff topography was captured during an ad libitum bout at the end of the session.

Results
MOD and POD users did not differ on demographic characteristics. MOD users reported purchasing more liquid in the past month than POD users (180.4 ± 28.0 vs. 50.9 ± 9.0 ml, p &lt; .001). Differences in characteristics of devices used by MOD and POD users included flavor type (p = .029), nicotine concentration (liquids used by MOD users contained less nicotine than those used by POD users: 8.9 ± 2.0 vs. 41.6 ± 3.2 mg/ml, p &lt; .001), and presence of the nicotine salt (fewer MOD liquids had salts present than POD liquids: 11.9% vs. 77.4%, p &lt; .001). User groups did not differ on urinary cotinine levels or puff topography (ps &gt; .05).

Conclusions
Despite different characteristics of MOD and POD ENDS, users of those products are exposed to similar amounts of nicotine, likely due to using more liquid among MOD users.

Implications
This study directly compares ENDS product characteristics, user behavior, and nicotine exposure between MOD and POD ENDS users. Although POD products contained higher nicotine concentrations compared to MOD products, users of PODs reported consuming less liquid than MOD users. Ultimately, MOD and POD users were exposed to similar levels of nicotine, suggesting users behaviorally compensate for differences in product characteristics.
Plasma Exosomal AKR1C3 mRNA Expression Is a Predictive and Prognostic Biomarker in Patients with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Zhu Sha , Ni Yuchao , Wang Zilin , Zhang Xingming , Zhang Yaowen , Zhao Fengnian , Dai Jindong , Wang Zhipeng , Zhu Xudong , Chen Junru , Zhao Jinge , Zeng Yuhao , Chen Ni , Zeng Peng , Shen Pengfei , Sun Guangxi , Zeng Hao 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPurposeAldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3 (AKR1C3) is important in prostate cancer progression, being a potential biomarker in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Previous explorations of AKR1C3 are mainly based on tissue samples. This study investigates using plasma-based liquid biopsy to validate the prognostic and predictive value of AKR1C3 in patients with mCRPC .Materials and MethodsWe prospectively recruited 62 patients with mCRPC. All patients received repeated prostate biopsies at the time of mCRPC diagnosis, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining was used to detect protein expression of AKR1C3 in the tissues. We took their blood simultaneously and performed digital droplet polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) to measure expression levels of AKR1C3 in the exosomes. The detected plasma and tissue AKR1C3 expression levels were analyzed for patients’ overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival under first-line abiraterone use (ABI-PFS).ResultsAll other baseline characteristics were balanced between the 2 groups. 15/62 (24.2%) and 25/62 (40.3%) patients showed AKR1C3-EXO positive (≥20 copies/20 μL) and AKR1C3-IHC positive, respectively. Positive AKR1C3-EXO expression was associated with decreased patients’ survival [ABI-PFS: 3.9 vs 10.1 months, P &lt; .001; OS: 16.2 vs 32.5 months, P &lt; .001]. AKR1C3-IHC positivity was also correlated with ABI-PFS and OS (P = .010, P = .016). In patients with worse baseline blood tests (including higher alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level and lower hemoglobin (HB) level), and lower ISUP/WHO group (&lt;4), their OS was significantly worse when showing AKR1C3-EXO positive.ConclusionAKR1C3-EXO is associated with patient prognosis regarding OS and ABI-PFS and can be used as a biomarker in mCRPC.