bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Response of Petunia Plants to SO2 and of Detached Leaves, Leaf Discs, and Callus to Sodium Sulfite1
Authors: Mikkelsen E. P. , Schnabelrauch L. S. , Le Cureux L. W. , Sink K. C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Flowering plants of 5 cultivars of petunia (Petunia hybrida Vilm.), exposed to 2.8 ppm SO2 (16 hours) under controlled environmental conditions, exhibited variation in SO2 sensitivity based on the degree of water-soaked necrotic leaf lesions. The range of SO2 absorption rates was ± 14% of the mean for the 5 cultivars; however, there was a 2-fold difference in sensitivity among the cultivars, indicating that variation in SO2 absorption plays only a limited role in determining the genetic differences involved in the reaction of petunia to SO2. Detached leaves from all cultivars were equally sensitive to a 10 mM Na2SO3 solution. The injury response of leaf discs to Na2SO3 solutions was monitored by chlorophyll extracts. Although the cultivars varied in sensitivity, the ranking differed from that observed for whole plants to SO2. Callus cultures grown on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium + naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) at 2.0 mg/liter + ben-zylamino purine (BA) at 0.5 mg/liter were treated with Na2SO3. Their viability, when evaluated by triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC), yielded a sensitivity ranking of the same cultivars which differed from that obtained with both leaf discs and whole plants. No differences in Na2SO3 sensitivity were observed for callus cultures of the cultivars cultured on MS + 1.0 mg/liter 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). The dissimilar injury responses to SO3=/HSO3 − in different tests on explants of the same cultivars indicate that at each level of plant organization sensitivity to Na2SO3 is determined by different morphological and physiological factors from those which specify whole plant reaction to SO2.
Growth Analysis of Two Tomato Genotypes Differing in Total Fruit Solids Content1
Authors: Hewitt J. D. , Stevens M. A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Two tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) genotypes, LA 1563, a high solids breeding line and ‘VF145B-7879’, an intermediate solids cultivar, were studied in an attempt to determine which morphological characteristics contribute to high solids content in the fruits, and to evaluate 1563 as genetic material for higher solids in processing tomato fruits. A genotypic difference in fruit solids was apparent from as early as 10 days after anthesis, and continued through fruit development. Between 10 and 50 days after anthesis, 1563 and ‘7879’ fruits increased in mean dry weight from 0.057 g to 5.16 g and from 0.101 g to 4.28 g, respectively. A growth analysis showed that lower harvest index, lower fruit yield and larger leaf area were associated with the higher solids of 1563, compared to 7879.
Use of Leaf Water Potential to Determine Water Stress in Field-grown Tomato Plants1
Authors: Rudich Jehoshua , Rendon-Poblete Edgar , Allen Stevens M. , Ambri Abdel-Ilah 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) were grown under 4 irrigation treatments. In the first three an attempt was made to maintain soil water at a different level for each treatment. The fourth treatment was an approximation of the varied moisture levels that would be encountered with furrow irrigation. Leaf water potential (ΨL) was affected more during a day by atmospheric factors than by soil water availability. Hourly changes in ΨL and air water potential (Ψ air) were highly correlated (range .94*** and .99***). ΨL decreased as the plant aged, apparently due to decreasing soil water availability, decreasing root activity, and increasing resistance to water flow in stems and leaves. The stress factor, (which is an integration of the area below −6 bars; a critical level for tomatoes) was determined from the second degree polynomial regression of time versus ΨL and is proposed as a useful integration of ΨL. By using stepwise regression it was found that plant water status as evaluated by tensiometer reading, stress factor, the ratio of soil water/soil water at field capacity, and daily pan evaporation had the greatest effect on yield and total soluble solids content of tomato fruit.
Bulk Density, Porosity, Percolation and Salinity Control in Shallow, Freely Draining, Potting Soils1
Authors: Hanan Joe J. , Olympios Christos , Pittas Christodoulos 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Ten mixtures of soil, sphagnum peat moss, pinebark, almond hulls, and sheep manure, and 8 combinations of clay loam and sand, 20cm deep, were examined for relevant physical properties and possible use as greenhouse potting composts under Cypriot greenhouse conditions. There were significant variations of bulk density, porosity, moisture content, air space and percolation rates. Comparison of these data with other workers’ information showed a linear relationship between bulk density and total pore space regardless of specific gravity. The rate of salt removal, as measured by effluent conductivity, was predictable from a knowledge of the starting salinity concentration, regardless of the potting mixture. The higher the percolation rate, the less efficient was salt removal, with the removal rate decreasing as the initial salt concentration decreased. Percolation rate showed an exponential relationship with the ratio of porosity to maximum moisture content, with percolation increasing markedly above a ratio of 1.8. Mixtures in excess of 0.70cm3 cm−3 total porosity showed markedly high percolation rates, requiring large water volumes to reduce salinity. It was the opinion of these authors that very porous potting mixtures would unnecessarily increase water utilization in a semi-arid climate, with problems in controlling salinity with trickle irrigation systems likely to be exacerbated.
Inheritance of Multi-pistillate Flowering Habit in Gynoecious Pickling Cucumber1
Authors: Nandgaonkar A. K. , Baker L. R. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
From progenies of crosses between 2 multi-pistillate (MP) and 2 single-pistillate (SP) gynoecious pickling cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) cultivars, it was determined that MP is recessive to SP expression. Genetic analyses suggested that one major gene with several modifying factors affect this character. The gene symbol proposed for multipistillate expression is mp.
Influence of Postharvest Holding on Raw and Processed Quality of Machine-harvested Blackberries1
Authors: Morris J. R. , Spayd S. E. , Brooks J. G. , Cawthon D. L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Under commercial conditions at harvest, mechanically harvested blackberries (Rubus sp.) had raw and processed quality comparable to hand-picked fruits regardless of berry temperature. However, during storage, berries machine-harvested at high temperature (36°C) deteriorated more rapidly than hand-picked berries at the same temperature. Storage of machine-harvested fruit in 20% and 40% CO2 at 20° for up to 48 hours maintained raw and processed quality. When mold counts were not excessive, the use of flavoring ingredients in the processed product resulted in acceptable products despite unacceptable raw product quality from some treatments. Use of high CO2 storage atmospheres with fruit held at 20° partially offset the need for refrigeration to reduce postharvest quality loss.
Deterioration and CO2 and Ethylene Production of Stored Mung Bean Sprouts1
Authors: Lipton Werner J. , Asai Wesley K. , Fouse David C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The mean rate of deterioration of green gram mung bean (Vigna radiata [L.] R. Wilcz.) sprouts stored at 0, 2.5, 5 or 10°C increased linearly with temperature. The sprouts reached the lower limit of salability in about 8.5, 5.5, 4.5 and 2.5 days at the respective temperatures. There was no symptom of chilling injury. The rates of CO2 production were 23, 29, 42 and 96 mg/kg— hr, at 0, 2.5, 5 and 10°, respectively, when measured 1 day after the sprouts were harvested. The corresponding rates of ethylene production were 0.15, 0.05, 0.24 and 0.90 μl/kg-hr.
Genetic Advance through Mass Selection for Tenderness in Sweet Corn
Authors: Ito Glenn M. , Brewbaker Janies L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In the paper “Genetic Advance through Mass Selection for Tenderness in Sweet Corn” by Glenn M. Ito and James L. Brewbaker (J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 106(4):496-499.1981) there are errors in the numbering of and textual references to the figures and tables. Table 1 on page 497 should be labeled Table 4, Table 2 on page 497 should be labeled Table 1, Table 3 on page 498 should be labeled Table 2, and Table 4 on page 499 should be labeled Table 3. Figure 1 on page 497 should be labeled Figure 3, Figure 2 on page 498 should be labeled Figure 1, and Figure 3 on page 498 should be labeled Figure 2. Accordingly, line 7 of the section beginning “Correlation of bite-test scores and pericarp thickness measurements” on page 498 should refer to Table 4; the last line on page 498 should refer to Figure 3; and line 8 of the first paragraph, second column, of page 499 should refer to Table 2. All other textual references correspond to the correct table and figure numbers as presented above.
Estimation of Demand and Market Allocation Relationships for Processing Tomatoes1
Authors: Brandt Jon A. , French Ben C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
An econometric model of F. O. B. demand and processor supply relations was formulated for canned tomatoes, (Lycopcrsicon esculentum Mill.) juice, catsup and chili sauce, puree, and paste in the U.S. for the years 1954–1977. A system of demand, domestic market allocation, and carryout stock equations was estimated using 3 stage least squares regression for each of the 5 products. Product prices were observed to respond significantly to such demand factors as domestic sales, disposable income, competing vegetables, and selected other variables such as a trend factor, a variable to account for stocks of concentrated products in the hands of distributors, and others. Prices and income were deflated and quantities were in per capita terms to account for inflation and population. Available supplies and price changes strongly affected processors9 allocations of products to the domestic market. The signs of the estimated coefficients associated with the demand and allocation shift variables agreed with theoretical expectations and their magnitudes were generally significant statistically. A reduced-form solution to the structural model was calculated to show the effects of predetermined variables on product prices and domestic allocation.
Phenolic Compounds in Foliage of Commercial Tomato Cultivars as Growth Inhibitors to the Fruitworm, Heliothis Zea1
Authors: Isman M. B. , Duffey S. S. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Semi-purifled extracts of phenolics from foliage of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) inhibit larval growth of the fruitworm, Heliothis zea (Boddie), when added to artificial diets for this insect pest. The degree of inhibition of growth (dose-response) is directly related to the quantity of total phenolics in extracts added to diets, whether the extracts are of equivalent amounts of foliage from different cultivars or of foliage pooled from several cultivars added in serial dilution. Dose-responses for extracts were equal to those obtained with pure chlorogenic acid or rutin, major phenolic constituents of tomato foliage. Also, equivalent quantities of phenolics from 5 different cultivars inhibited larval growth equally when added to diets. These 3 sets of observations show that isolated tomato foliar phenolics affect H. zea larvae quantitatively, with no measurable qualitative differences between cultivars. When 2nd instar larvae were reared on excised leaflets from several cultivars of field-grown tomatoes, significant differences in larval growth between cultivars were obtained, which were consistent through two years. However, significant relationships between foliar phenolic content and larval growth were not obtained, partially because of the highly variable nature of phenolic content within and between plants. Our results suggest that phenolics in tomato foliage at the minimum contribute a substantial background level of antibiosis to H. zea.
Light Penetration on Overcast and Clear Days, and Specific Leaf Weight in Apple Trees as Affected by Summer or Dormant Pruning1
Authors: Marini Richard P. , Barden John A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Summer pruning of vigorous ‘Starking Delicious’ apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) trees in mid-August (14 weeks after bloom) increased light penetration throughout the tree canopy for the remainder of the season. Light levels were lower in summer pruned trees than in similarly dormant pruned control trees the season following treatment. Relative light penetration measured with a selenium cell on clear days was similar to diffuse light penetration measured with a quantum sensor on overcast days until late summer. During late summer, when the developing fruit caused the branches to spread, diffuse light penetration on overcast days was greater than the penetration of direct light on clear days. Reduced light penetration the year following summer pruning resulted in lower specific leaf weight (SLW) of interior leaves as compared to interior leaves on dormant pruned trees. Specific leaf weight of peripheral leaves on dormant pruned trees declined in October, while SLW of leaves on summer pruned trees did not decline. The delayed decline in SLW may have been due to improved light conditions and/or delayed leaf senescence. Regardless of treatment, SLW of interior leaves did not decline in October.
Carbohydrates and Fatty Acids in Developing Pecan Fruit1
Authors: Wood B. W. , McMeans J. L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Sugars and fatty acids were measured during fruit development of ‘Moneymaker’ pecan [Carya illinoensis (Wang.)] Koch. Major sugars in the kernel, shell, and shuck were fructose, glucose, sucrose, and inositol; major fatty acids were oleate, linoleate, palmitate, linolenate, stearate, myristate, margarate, and arachidate. During endosperm expansion fructose and glucose rapidly accumulated and fatty acids were present in small concentrations. During embryo and cotyledon expansion fatty acids accumulated and reducing sugars and inositol declined while sucrose increased.
Effect of the Fruit-ripening Mutant Genes rin and nor on the Flavor of Tomato Fruit1,2
Authors: Kopeliovitch E. , Mizrahi Y. , Rabinowitch H. D. , Kedar N. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Organoleptic tests of the non-ripening tomato mutants rin and nor and their F1 hybrids with the normal-fruit-bearing cultivar ‘Rutgers’ indicated that fruits of the rin heterozygous plants (rin/+) were slightly inferior and that those of inferior in flavor to fruits of the normal genotype (+/+), all sampled 3–5 days after ethylene and CO2 evolution rates attained maximum levels. The flavor of fruits of the double heterozygote nor heterozygotes (nor/+) were distinctly rin/+, nor/+ was poorer than either of the 2 single-gene heterozygotes, while fruits of both homozygous plants, nor/nor and rin/rin, were unpalatable. Analyses of pH, titratable acidity, total soluble solids, and reducing sugars did not indicate that any of these parameters is responsible for the inferior flavor of the genotypes containing the non-ripening genes. Comparisons of reciprocal crosses provided no evidence of cytoplasmic inheritance of fruit flavor.
Effect of Mepiquat Chloride on the Growth and Yield of ‘Concord’ Grapevines1
Authors: Pool R. M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Mepiquat chloride (MP-Cl) applied at the late prebloom stage or during bloom increased the set and yield of ‘Concord’ grape (Vitis labruscana Bailey) and restricted length of pre-existing but not yet fully expanded internodes, but not those formed subsequent to treatment. Unlike most growth retardants, MP-Cl appears to exert its effect directly on the developing flowers rather than via vegetative growth control.
Absorption of 14CO2 by Potato Roots and its Subsequent Translocation1
Authors: Arteca Richard N. , Poovaiah B. W. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Root systems of potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L. var. Russett Burbank) were treated with 14CO2 and translocation was evaluated by autoradiography. Treatments of less than 1 hour showed little radioactivity in the leaves. Between 1 and 6 hours, there was a substantial increase in radioactivity in both roots and leaves. The 14CO2 was translocated to the leaves as 14CO2 dissolved in the xylem sap and as components fixed in the roots then transported. Plant tissues were analyzed spearately for radioactivity as extractable, basic (amino acids), neutral (sugars), insoluble (starch), and acidic (organic acids and sugar phosphates) fractions. Between 70 and 80% of the total extractable radioactivity was in the acidic fraction; of this, 96% was found in malic acid with the remainder containing other organic acids, amino acids, and sugars.
Effect of Oryzalin and Other Herbicide Treatments on Selected Quality Factors of Sweet Potatoes1
Authors: Hammett Larry K. , Monaco Thomas J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Oryzalin (3,5-dinitro N4, N4-dipropylsulfanilamide), oryzalin/chloramben (3-amino-2,5-dichlorobenzoic acid) combinations, and diphenamid (N,N-dimethyl-2,2-diphenylacetamide) were evaluated for their influence on root quality of sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] at harvest and during storage. Mineral analysis and foliage dry matter were evaluated with no significant differences observed between the oryzalin rates, diphenamid, and the controls. Soluble carbohydrates, reducing carbohydrates, ascorbic acid, and carotene content were not influenced by the herbicidal treatments. Intercellular space values were all within an acceptable range at harvest storage. The 3 rates of oryzalin utilized were not detrimental to quality and comparable to the diphenamid, weedy control, and cultivated control treatments.
Incidence and Severity of Chilling Induced Internal Browning of Waxed ‘Smooth Cayenne’ Pineapple1
Authors: Rohrbach Kenneth G. , Paull Robert E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Waxing the fruit and crown of fresh pineapple [Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.] with a 20% v/v paraffin-polyethylene: water mixture reduced the incidence and severity of internal browning caused by chilling injury to 15% and 31%, respectively, of the unwaxed control. Symptom incidence in waxed fruit was not affected by fruit maturity at harvest. Increasing wax:water emulsion concentration up to 50% v/v further decreased symptom incidence and severity with the greater suppression occurring with less than 20% v/v. Crown leaves were extremely susceptible to chilling injury; they turned grey and became desiccated following 8°C storage. Waxing did not affect these symptoms. Waxing assisted in retaining fruit shell appearance and reduced the rate of shell degreening by 60%. The major changes in internal browning and fruit external appearance occurred during holding at room temperature following 8° storage. Varying wax composition with polyethylene and pH had no significant effect on fruit characteristics.
Effects of Virus Infection on Nitrogen Fixation in Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp]1
Authors: O’Hair S. K. , Miller J. C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The effects of the cowpea strains of southern bean mosaic (SBMV-CS), cucumber mosaic (CMV-CS), and tobacco mosaic (TMV-CS) viruses on cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] plant growth and N fixation parameters were evaluated in greenhouse and field experiments. TMV-CS infection resulted in the most severe symptoms and was associated with significant reductions in nitrogenase activity, total nodule weight, nodule number, and plant dry weight, in susceptible cultivars. Infection with CMV-CS was associated with significant reductions in nitrogenase activity, nodule number, and plant dry weight in field-grown ‘Mississippi Silver’. SBMV-CS infection was least severe and was associated with a significant reduction in nitrogenase activity and nodule weight in only 1 susceptible cultivar under field conditions.
Identification of Resistance to Amphorophora agathonica in the Native North American Red Raspberry1
Authors: Daubeny Hugh A. , Stary Dana 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Seedlings from 21 collections of the native North American red raspberry, Rubus idaeus strigosus (Michx.), were screened for reaction to Amphorophora agathonica Hottes, the aphid vector of the red raspberry mosaic virus complex. Sixty-four seedlings from 1,041 screened were selected for resistance to colonization. Three of these were intercrossed and also crossed with 2 cultivars of R, i. vulgatus Arrhen origin to produce F1 progenies. Inheritance of the resistance reaction in the 3 selected seedlings appeared to be controlled by 2 dominant complementary genes. These genes, which are designated Ag2 Ag3, do not appear to give as high a level of resistance to the aphid as gene Ag1, which is of R. i. vulgatus origin and gives virtual immunity. It is suggested that genotypes combining Ag, with Ag2 and Ag3 might be of value in reducing genetic vulnerability if virulent biotypes of A. agathonica appear. Screening for reaction to the aphid under laboratory conditions, prior to field planting, eliminated large numbers of susceptible seedlings. Additional screening in the field the year of planting eliminated more. Segregation ratios, which had been adjusted from the field results, gave better agreements than laboratory screenings alone to the proposed hypotheses.
Comparative Growth of Chrysanthemums at Different Night Temperatures1
Authors: Parups E. V. , Butler G. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Several cultivars of spray and standard chrysanthemums (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.) were grown at normal (16°C) or split (16° and 10°) night temperature during the short-day growth period. The overall growth, number of blooms and buds, and weight of blooms were increased by the split night temperature treatment. Many growth parameter means, except leaf area ratio (LAR) and leaf weight ratio (LWR), were higher when the plants were grown at the split night temperature. Most growth parameters, except specific leaf area (SLA), were affected significantly by either temperature treatments or cultivar differences and harvest times. The data indicate that the split night temperature treatment was beneficial to the growth of some and not detrimental to the growth of other cultivars of chrysanthemums.
Yield Response of Staked, Fresh-market Tomatoes to Reduced Use of Fertilizers and Insecticides1
Authors: Csizinszky A. A. , Schuster D. J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Response of tomatoes, Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., cv. Flora-Dade, to insecticides applied weekly or on demand and to 3 fertilizer levels, low (1 ×), medium (2 ×), and high (3 ×), was investigated in fall 1979 and spring 1980. Insecticide spray schedules had no effect on fruit size, marketable yield, and number of fruit per ha. The application of fertilizers above the 1 × level (148 kg/ha N, 30 P, 171 K, and 10 Mg) did not improve fruit size or increase tomato yields, but increased residual salt content of soil.