bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From “Invented here” to “Use it everywhere!”: A Learning health system from bottom and/or top?
Authors: Colldén Christian , Hellström Andreas 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionDeparting from a practical problem of how to use digitalization to improve care quality and efficiency, this paper investigates how the concept of Learning Health Systems (LHSs) can be applied to an existing organization. LHSs offer a vision for how healthcare can accelerate both scale‐up of innovations and quality improvements at all levels. However, aligning stakeholders at different levels to convergent development is challenging and translation and adaptation of the LHS concept to fit with the existing organization is essential.MethodsA one‐year longitudinal action research (AR) study was conducted within five psychiatric departments at the Sahlgrenska University Hospital in Gothenburg, Sweden. Translation of the LHS concept to the local circumstances within the organization was set as the aim, to both improve practice and further scientific understanding. An AR group led the practical and scholarly work and holistic data were collected, including field notes, documents, recordings, and workshops. Data were analyzed by an insider‐outsider approach.ResultsThe one‐year study is described to provide insights into the process of designing a locally adapted LHS using an AR approach. Practical needs were identified and iteratively matched with theory to form a local LHS model. A conflict between top‐down and bottom‐up views on development emerged, where higher‐level management tended to prioritize uniform solutions and developers local learning. An adapted solution to balance these approaches was negotiated, consisting of a technical and an organizational part.ConclusionsThe conflict between top‐down and bottom‐up approaches for how to implement LHSs needs to be considered both in practical work to transform care organizations and in scientific studies of LHSs. The approach to translate, rather than instrumentally implement, LHSs to real‐world settings is suggested as advantageous. Furthermore, designing such endeavors as AR projects can provide excellent conditions to create LHSs that work in practice.
Influence of cyanate ester modifier on the thermal, mechanical, and corrosive properties of epoxy composite coating
Authors: Liu Qian , Wang Zhenyu , Han En‐Hou 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCyanate ester (CE) was employed to modify epoxy resin (EP) by chemical reaction, and the thermal, mechanical, and corrosion properties were systematically studied. Differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transform infrared spectra were carried out to determine the curing kinetic parameters, suitable curing procedure, and reaction mechanism. The glass transition temperature and thermal stability were investigated employing dynamic mechanical thermal analysis and thermogravimetry measurement. Furthermore, the mechanical and corrosive properties were evaluated, using test techniques such as mechanical testing machine, abrasion tester, axle rod flexibility tester, scanning electron microscope, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Results verified that an appropriate amount of CE could significantly improve the comprehensive performance of EP. However, a satisfactory effect would not be achieved when the modifier is inadequate or excessive.
A Practitioner's Dilemma Mass Spectrometry‐Based Annotation and Identification of Human Plasma and Urinary Polyphenol Metabolites
Authors: Kuhnert Nikolai , Clifford Michael N. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe practitioner's dilemma in metabolite assignment can be described as follows: for compound and metabolite identification, strict guidelines should be followed using authentic standards only, or uncertainties in structure assignment of compounds with the certainty of consequential errors should be accepted. These uncertainties arise due to limitation of software and databases in combination with the complexity of the human body fluid samples.
On‐chip miniaturized bandpass filter using gallium arsenide‐based integrated passive device technology
Authors: Wu Wen‐Jing , Yuan Bo , Zhao Wen‐Sheng , Wang Gaofeng 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe paper proposes a miniaturized bandpass filter (BPF) using gallium arsenide (GaAs)‐based integrated passive device (IPD) technology. The proposed filter is evolved from traditional third order BPF, and it achieves a wide operation frequency band covering three 5G sub‐bands including 3.4–3.5 GHz, 3.5–3.6 GHz, and 4.8–4.9 GHz. The performance of out‐of‐band rejection is improved by introducing three transmission zeros (TZs). As known, adding cross coupling and LC resonator are the general methods to improve out‐of‐band rejection. Therefore, the first TZ at 5.85 GHz is obtained at the upper sideband by adding a capacitive coupling between the source port and resonator 2, which is a cross‐coupling mode. According to the coupling matrix, the value of the added capacitance can be calculated and optimized. Another TZ at 2.36 GHz is occurred at the left side of passband as a serial LC resonator is connected in parallel with filter near the input port. The third TZ at 7.74 GHz is generated at the upper sideband due to a serial LC resonator connected in parallel with the load terminal of the filter. The values of components in LC resonators can be calculated, too. Finally, the whole filter is optimized in full‐wave electromagnetic simulation software HFSS. The proposed filter is fabricated and measured, and the results show that it has a wide −10 dB frequency band from 3.3 GHz to 4.9 GHz and a maximum insertion loss of 2.5 dB. In addition, it has a good frequency selectivity with a rectangular coefficient of 1.67 and out‐of‐band suppression higher than 20 dB in a wide stopband. The filter adopts compact placement and has a relative miniaturized electrical size of 0.298 , which is about 55% smaller than recently reported one.
Health care use by adults with obesity: A French cohort study
Authors: Feral‐Pierssens Anne‐Laure , Matta Joane , Rives‐Lange Claire , Goldberg Marcel , Zins Marie , Carette Claire , Czernichow Sébastien 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveStudies on obesity costs have focused on global costs of people with obesity but scarcely investigated their precise use of health care. The aim of this study is to document real‐life health care use across obesity classes.MethodsData of participants with obesity and enrolled in the CONSTANCES cohort were analyzed. Health care use was defined as ≥1 visit to general practitioners, specialists, emergency departments, and inpatient hospital admissions versus none over a 3‐year period prior to enrollment and was obtained from the Universal Health Insurance database. Multivariate regression models were conducted and adjusted for comorbidities and social deprivation markers with medical visits as the outcome variables and compared people with class II and III obesity versus class I obesity.ResultsOut of the 10,774 participants with obesity, 613 (5.7%) had class III obesity, and 2,076 (19.3%) had class II obesity. Compared with participants with class I obesity, class III obesity participants had higher odds of visiting emergency departments (OR = 1.31; 95% CI: 1.07‐1.61) and various specialist physicians (pneumologists, endocrinologists, cardiologists) but lower odds of visiting gynecologists (OR = 0.69; 95% CI 0.55‐0.87). Participants with class II obesity had lower odds of visiting general practitioners, dentists, and psychiatrists. There was no difference with regard to hospital admissions.ConclusionHealth care use by people with obesity differs across classes.
NBMA Promotes Spermatogenesis by Mediating Oct4 Pathway
Authors: Yang Jinfei , Lin Dengfeng , Yao Weiwei , Yun Damin , Zhou Liwei , Gao Sheng , Sun Fei 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNon‐obstructive azoospermia is one of the most common causes of male infertility, but there is still no specific treatment drug. Given that the Oct4 (Octamer‐binding transcription factor 4) has an important regulatory effect on spermatogenesis, activating it can effectively promote spermatogenesis, so it is of great value to develop Oct4‐targeted drug design and elucidating its mechanism of action. Here, we screened out the Oct4‐targeted drug molecule NBMA (N‐benzyl‐4‐methoxy‐2‐(1‐(4‐(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)vinyl)aniline) by computer‐assisted technology, and found that it has a significant promoting effect on spermatogenesis in the established mouse azoospermia model. Subsequently, through transcriptome sequencing and enrichment analysis, real‐time fluorescent quantitative PCR (qPCR) and western blot experiments revealed that NBMA promotes the differentiation of spermatogonial stem cells by activating the Oct4 pathway, thereby promoting spermatogenesis. This study proves that NBMA is a molecule with great potential to be developed as a therapeutic drug for azoospermia. It also shows that computer‐assisted, chemical and biological multidisciplinary methods play a very important role in innovative drug discovery.
Weight changes following antidiabetic mediation use: Real‐world evidence from health system data
Authors: Lyu Beini , Grams Morgan E. , Inker Lesley A. , Chang Alex R. , Selvin Elizabeth , Shin Jung‐Im 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveNewer antidiabetic medications such as sodium‐glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP1RA) result in weight loss in clinical trials. However, the real‐world effectiveness remains unclear. The magnitude of weight change associated with antidiabetic medication using real‐world data was examined.MethodsPatients with diabetes who initiated SGLT2i (n = 906), GLP1RA (n = 782), dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors (DPP4i, n = 1881), or sulfonylureas (n = 3255) in Geisinger Health System were identified. Outcomes were percent weight change per year and time to 5% weight loss. Propensity scores were used to account for differences across groups.ResultsThe mean ± SD age of patients was 57.5 ± 14.1 years, 3381 (49.5%) were female, and 6450 (94.5%) had body mass index ≥25 kg/m2. Compared with sulfonylureas, newer antidiabetic medications were associated with significant weight loss (−3.2% [95% confidence interval: −3.8%, −2.6%] per year for SGLT2i; −2.9% [−3.6%, −2.3%] per year for GLP1RA; and −1.7% [−2.1%, −1.3%] per year for DPP4i). SGLT2i and GLP1RA were also associated with significant weight loss compared with DPP4i. Among patients with overweight or obesity, SGLT2i and GLP1RA users were more likely to achieve 5% weight loss compared with sulfonylureas and DPP4i.ConclusionsIn real‐world practice, SGLT2i and GLP1RA were associated with significant weight loss compared with sulfonylureas and DPP4i. These results may further motivate uptake of SGLT2i and GLP1RA, especially among patients who were overweight or had obesity.
The earliest events in BRAF‐mutant colorectal cancer: exome sequencing of sessile serrated lesions with a tiny focus dysplasia or cancer reveals recurring mutations in two distinct progression pathways
Authors: Bleijenberg Arne GC , IJspeert Joep EG , Mulder Jos BG , Drillenburg Paul , Stel Herbert V , Lodder Elisabeth M , Carvalho Beatriz , Jansen Jade , Meijer Gerrit , van Eeden Susanne , Dekker Evelien , van Noesel Carel JM 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAround 15–30% of colorectal cancers (CRC) develop from sessile serrated lesions (SSLs). After many years of indolent growth, SSLs can develop dysplasia and rapidly progress to CRC through events that are only partially understood. We studied molecular events at the very early stages of progression of SSLs via the MLH1‐proficient and deficient pathways to CRC. We collected a cohort of rare SSLs with a small focus (<10 mm) of dysplasia or cancer from the pathology archives of three hospitals. Whole‐exome sequencing was performed on DNA from nonprogressed and progressed components of each SSL. Putative somatic driver mutations were identified in known cancer genes that were differentially mutated in the progressed component. All analyses were stratified by MLH1 proficiency. Forty‐five lesions with a focus dysplasia or cancer were included, of which 22 (49%) were MLH1‐deficient. Lesions had a median diameter of 10 mm (interquartile range [IQR] 8–15), while the progressed component had a median diameter of 3.5 mm (IQR 1.75–4.75). Tumor mutational burden (TMB) was high in MLH1‐deficient lesions (23.9 mutations per MB) as compared to MLH1‐proficient lesions (6.3 mutations per MB). We identified 34 recurrently mutated genes in MLH1‐deficient lesions. Most prominently, ACVR2A and RNF43 were affected in 18/22 lesions, with mutations clustered in three hotspots. Most lesions with RNF43 mutations had concurrent mutations in ZNRF3. In MLH1‐proficient lesions APC (10/23 lesions) and TP53 (6/23 lesions) were recurrently mutated. Our results show that the mutational burden is exceptionally high even in the earliest MLH1‐deficient lesions. We demonstrate that hotspot mutations in ACVR2A and in the RNF43/ZNRF3 complex are extremely common in the early progression of SSLs along the MLH1‐deficient serrated pathway, while APC and TP53 mutations are early events in the the MLH1‐proficient pathway. © 2022 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Reinforcing urea‐formaldehyde based composite foam by formation of tailored chemical/mechanical interlocking structure
Authors: Li Chuanlong , Ye Lin , Zhao Xiaowen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractUrea‐formaldehyde (UF) foam is considered to be a potential alternative for commercial polymeric foams due to its intrinsic flame retardancy and inexpensiveness, but it showed high brittleness and low strength, which restricts its wide applications. In this work, glass fiber powder (GF) was selected as the reinforcing filler, and by formation of tailored chemical/mechanical interlocking structure for the composite system, UF foam was highly reinforced. The surface of GF was coated with granular polydopamine (PDA) layer through self‐polymerization of dopamine, and then, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were further grafted onto GF surface with high grafting ratio via the bridge effect of PDA to construct a network like entanglement structure. The active groups of PDA layer on GF surface generated chemical/hydrogen bonding interactions with UF matrix, while rough CNTs network structure promoted the mechanical interlocking between GF and UF resin. Such multiple interfacial enhancement improved the stress transmission ability of the interface, exhibiting “supporting” on the cell wall and “cracks bridging” effect of GF. Compared with neat UF foam, the composite foam exhibited smaller cell size, narrower cell size distribution, higher cell density, more complete closed cell structure, while compressive strength and modulus of the composite foam increased by 78.7% and 90.08%, respectively. Moreover, the composite foam showed improved thermal stability and excellent flame retardancy with V‐0 rating of UL‐94 tests.
Improved chemical resistance of transparent bisphenol A polycarbonate materials
Authors: Hoeks Theo , Goossens Jan , Vermeulen Han , Shaikh Abbas Alli G. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBisphenol A polycarbonate (BPA‐PC) is an important engineering plastic with unique properties. However, it has some inherent flaws like chemical resistance toward greases and oils. Hence, to improve the chemical resistance the effect of small amounts of polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) functionalized with allyl glycidyl epoxy (AGE) were evaluated. Low amounts of PBT and AGE provided a transparent blend composition with an allyl functionality. Detailed structural analysis by 1H‐NMR showed the addition reaction of AGE‐epoxy with acid end group of PBT, followed by an expected substitution reaction of the modified PBT with BPA‐PC. This unique blend composition exhibited Tg of 131°C and melting temperature (Tm) of 221°C by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Further, the microscopy study of blend revealed the stable morphology of PBT domain distributed into PC matrix indicating chemical compatibilization. The mechanical property evaluation of the blend demonstrated an improved flow, an increase in modulus, tensile strength, and higher elongation at break. Thus, a chemical compatible transparent blend of BPA‐PC and PBT with allyl group functionalization has been achieved and first evaluations show slight improvement of chemical resistance toward Banana Boat Sun cream over the BPA‐PC homopolymer.
Registration of G11‐7013 soybean germplasm with high meal protein and resistance to soybean cyst nematode, southern root‐knot nematode, and stem canker
Authors: Li Zenglu , Bachleda Nicole , Wilson Brice , Wood E. Dale , Buck James W. , Carter Thomas E. , Mian M. A. Rouf , Fallen Benjamin , Noe James , Buckley Blair 
Published: February 2022

AbstractG11‐7013 (Reg. no. GP‐447, PI 699240) is a conventional maturity group (MG) VII soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] line. It contains a 50% genetic background of an accession from South Africa by pedigree, with resistance to soybean cyst nematode race 3 (Heterodera glycines), southern root‐knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita), and stem canker (Diaporthe aspalathi) and high meal protein. G11‐7013 was developed and released by the University of Georgia (UGA) Agricultural Experiment Stations in 2020. G11‐7013 is an F5–derived plant selection from ‘Boggs’ × PI 221717. G11‐7013 consistently yielded more than the elite parent Boggs in UGA advanced yield trials. Across 25 environments in the United Soybean Board Southern Protein Diversity Yield Trials MG‐VII, G11‐7013 yielded a range of 93–104% of the elite check cultivar mean over 5 yr, with an average of 98% of check means. G11‐7013 has a protein content of 436 g kg–1, a meal protein value of 51%, and an oil content of 217 g kg–1. G11‐7013 exceeds the desired meal protein levels required for soybean and derives from a diverse genetic background. Because of its high yield, high protein content, disease resistance package, and diverse pedigree, G11‐7013 can be used as a parental stock in both public and private sectors to develop high‐yielding, high‐meal‐protein soybean cultivars.
Isotopic composition of heterogeneous ice wedges in peatlands of the Pur‐Taz interfluve (northern West Siberia)
Authors: Tikhonravova Yana , Slagoda Elena , Butakov Vladislav , Koroleva Ekaterina , Simonova Galina , Sysolyatin Robert 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHeterogeneous ice wedges were studied within the peatland of the drained lake on the Pur‐Taz interfluve (67°20′14.8″, 078°55′47.1″, Northwest Siberia). The elements of the ice‐wedge structure were identified: young ice wedge, shoulders, selvages, closed‐cavity ices, and ice lenses in a peatland. Different genetic types of ice (ice vein, congelation ice, and segregated ice) were revealed by analyzing the elements of the ice‐wedge structure under polarized light and analyzing their chemical compositions. Genetic types of the ice indicate the different mechanisms of ice‐wedge formation. The ice vein forms due to fast bilateral freezing of primarily meltwater in a thermal contraction crack. The congelation ice forms due to the slow freezing of free water that has accumulated into a thermokarst cavity. The segregated ice forms due to pore water migration to the freezing zone. The elements of the ice‐wedge structure have variable stable isotope values (δ18O from −13.5‰ to −21.9‰ and δD from −87.7‰ to −154.6‰). The high range of deuterium excess values (13.8‰ to 32‰) indicates fractionation at condensation. The mean winter paleotemperature calculated using Vasil’chuk’s equations for the ice‐wedge pats formed by the ice veins varied in the range of −18 to −22°C, which is not very different from current values and is consistent with the isotopic data of ice wedges from nearby regions of Northwest Siberia. The paleotemperature average error can equal 4.5°C if we ignore the data on the ice petrographic analysis. The error depends on where and how the ice wedges are sampled, because of varying genetic types within the ground ice. This could lead to different palaeoclimatological interpretations.
Surface‐soil carbon stocks greater under well‐managed grazed pasture than row crops
Authors: Becker Ashley E. , Horowitz Leah S. , Ruark Matthew D. , Jackson Randall D. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractUnder the intensifying effects of climate change, agricultural practices that increase soil organic C (SOC) provide an opportunity to offset greenhouse gas emissions. Grazed pasture has the potential to increase SOC, but knowledge gaps remain about the effects of grazing frequency and intensity on SOC pools. We explored SOC quantity and quality in paired pastures and row crops and across grazing management gradients in southern and central Wisconsin. On average, pastures had 12.41 Mg ha−1 more SOC in surface soils (0–15 cm) than their row crop counterparts, but were not different in subsurface soils (15–30 cm). Soil organic C was inversely correlated with grazing frequency (i.e., rest period) but no correlation with grazing intensity (i.e., residual height) was observed. Less stable particulate organic matter‐C (POM‐C) was correlated with grazing frequency and intensity in the same way as SOC, whereas more stable mineral‐associated organic matter‐C was not correlated with either grazing management parameter. Soil organic C and POM‐C increased linearly with pasture age (∼32 g C m−2 yr−1). Well‐managed grazing on cool‐season perennial pastures with undisturbed soils offers the best agricultural opportunity for helping to mitigate climate change via SOC sequestration.
Understanding Synthesis and Structural Variation of Nanomaterials Through In Situ/Operando XAS and SAXS
Authors: Fang Lingzhe , Seifert Soenke , Winans Randall E. , Li Tao 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNanostructured materials with high surface area and low coordinated atoms present distinct intrinsic properties from their bulk counterparts. However, nanomaterials’ nucleation/growth mechanism during the synthesis process and the changes of the nanomaterials in the working state are still not thoroughly studied. As two indispensable methods, X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) provides nanomaterials’ electronic structure and coordination environment, while small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) offers structural properties and morphology information. A combination of in situ/operando XAS and SAXS provides high temporal and spatial resolution to monitor the evolution of nanomaterials. This review gives a brief introduction to in situ/operando SAXS/XAS cells. In addition, the application of in situ/operando XAS and SAXS in preparing nanomaterials and studying changes of working nanomaterials are summarized.