bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the use of maritime training simulators with humans in the loop for understanding and evaluating algorithms for autonomous vessels
Authors: Vagale Anete , Osen Ottar L , Brandsæter Andreas , Tannum Marius , Hovden Christian , Bye Robin T 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The prospect of a future where the maritime shipping industry is dominated by autonomous vessels is appealing and gaining global interest from industry majors, research institutions, and academia. Potential advantages include increased operational safety, reduced costs, and lower environmental footprint. However, the transition will not happen overnight and is not without challenges. For example, algorithms for autonomous navigation must take into consideration safety concerns of the own ship, its crew and passengers, other surrounding ships, and the surrounding environment. This raises a need to test and verify safety, performance, and robustness of the algorithms responsible for the autonomous functionality. In addition, the transition towards fully autonomous ships is likely to be gradual and involve remote control centres and ships with varying degrees of autonomy. Hence, humans will inevitably have to interact with autonomous vessels in a variety of scenarios, including overriding own ships from land or on board, as well as communicating with autonomous ships from other fleets. Inevitably, full scale scenario testing involving real vessels and humans is costly, impractical, time-consuming, and potentially dangerous. In this paper, we propose an alternative approach, and explore how maritime navigation training simulators with humans in the loop can be used as a testbed for understanding and evaluating algorithms for autonomous vessels. In the proposed setting, we can directly compare choices made by an algorithm with those of a skilled human navigator for a variety of navigational tasks. Moreover, we can study in real-time the behaviour and decision-making of human navigators in mixed scenarios that also include autonomous ships, whether this is known beforehand or not. Our paper provides an overview of related work, details on maritime simulators and how algorithms can be tested, and some of the technical requirements. To exemplify our approach, we present two example test setups, and provide a brief discussion of our findings. We conclude that using maritime training simulators enables the study of several interesting and vital research questions, including that of the interaction between autonomous and traditional vessels operating side by side.
NTNU Shore Control Lab: Designing shore control centres in the age of autonomous ships
Authors: Alsos Ole Andreas , Veitch Erik , Pantelatos Leander , Vasstein Kjetil , Eide Egil , Petermann Felix-Marcel , Breivik Morten 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAs highly automated ships become unmanned, their operators will move into shore-based control centers. In the last years, NTNU has built an advanced and flexible research infrastructure for performing research on autonomous ships and the monitoring and control of these. The infrastructure comprises of (1) themilliAmpere1andmilliAmpere2, which are two all-electric autonomous urban passenger ferries equipped with advanced sensors and equipment for autonomous navigation, (2) theShore Control Lab, a flexible shore control center, where operators can monitor and control a fleet of autonomous ships, (3) a lab section for researchers to give instructions to operators in the control center, and to record, observe, and analyze their behavior, (4) an observation room adjacent to the control room for stakeholders to observe ongoing experiments in the control room, (5) the ferry simulatorAutoferry Geminithat allows researchers to create challenging or high-risk scenarios where operators can be stress tested without being a danger to ship, crew and passengers, (6) the mixed reality labMRLAB, where we can test physical designs of urban autonomous passenger ferries in a virtual environment, and (7) a dock for passenger handling and with inductive charging capabilities. In this paper, we first describe the research infrastructure’s purpose and scope of operation, as well as the technical design, physical setup, and equipment. Secondly, we present a roadmap for the development of the research infrastructure to meet the future research challenges for autonomous ships and the supervision and control of these. Thirdly, we present a number of research questions that are going to be explored in the lab in the years to come.
A study of lightning electromagnetic effect on the metal roof constructions
Authors: Zhang Biao , Jiao Xue , Zhou Junchi , Mao Jiayi , Wang Yuzhi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Metal roofs are often seen as substitute of traditional materials such as concrete these years. But there have been few researches on the lightning electromagnetic effect on these constructions. This work adopts the Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method to carry out numerical simulation of Lightning Electro-Magnetic Pulses (LEMP) generated by lightning discharge current. A substation was taken as an example, the distribution of LEMP field with metal roof and non-metal roof were calculated separately by 3-Dimentional FDTD method. The results show that the metal roof has a reflection effect on the LEMP field, which makes the LEMP field significantly weakened compared to traditional concrete buildings. But for constructions of windows and doors, the intensity of LEMP field inside the construction is still destructive. This work also discussed effects of doors and windows on the electromagnetic distribution and came to conclusions that the amplitude of LEMP field decreases significantly with distance from the door (or window) increasing. The size of the windows or doors was positively related to the LEMP amplitude in the construction.
Upper critical field beyond Pauli limit in the exfoliated RbCr3As3 nanowires
Authors: Hu Xiaomei , Liu Zhiyi , Hou Xingyuan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Unconventional superconductivity in the quasi-two-dimensional cuprates and iron-based superconductors has attracted great attention in these years. Recently, the discovery of the Cr-based ternary compounds has aroused the research upsurge for the possible spin-triplet superconductivity revealed from the bulk samples. Here we carried out the electrical transport measurements of the air-stable RbCr3As3 after the dimensionality reduction. It is founded that the superconductivity is suppressed, while the upper critical field is still far larger than the Pauli paramagnetic limit, providing an ideal platform to shed light on the unconventional superconductivity.
Radiation evaluation of household appliances and stone materials from residences in Hangzhou
Authors: Zhang Xiangyu , Zheng Fang , Wu Xiaodong , Liu Qiuxiang , Jiang Jun , Chen Zhangsen 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The electromagnetic radiation of household appliances and radioactivity of stone materials from residences were determined using integrated magnetometer and γ-ray spectrometer techniques. The radiation levels of desktop computers were greater than that of notebook computers, while microwave ovens and induction cookers produced low-frequency electromagnetic fields during the operation. The safety distances for hair drier, desk lamp, and patch board were ca. 50 cm, whereas those of the rest appliances were ca. 30 cm. Radioactive tests of stones collected from certain regions were conducted. The specific activities of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K were used to calculate internal exposure indexes (I
Ra) and external exposure indexes (I
γ). Moreover, both the I
Ra and I
γ for wall coatings were putty < tile adhesive, thereby the I
Ra and I
γ for bathroom furniture were ceramic facet < pottery basin < flush toilet. Natural radionuclides widely exist in interior decorations, indicating that humans in open radioactive environments receive background radiation all the time.
Reliability evaluation of balanced systems with common bus performance sharing considering balance degree base on battery storage systems
Authors: Tian TianZi , Yang Jun 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
To solve the problem of inconsistency of batteries, many people have studied the the battery system with the automatic balancing mechanism which can be regarded as a balanced system. In this paper, a reliability evaluation model for balanced systems with common bus performance sharing considering the degree of balance is proposed. The balance degree of the system is represented by the difference in performance between the components. If the performance difference between components exceeds the balance degree threshold, the system is unbalanced and performance sharing is required to redistribute performance through a common bus. This paper also takes into account transfer capacity limits. When the output performance exceeds the maximum transmission capacity, the performance transmission is performed according to the maximum limit to achieve the best balance. The criterion for system failure is that the balance is still out of balance after performance sharing or the total system performance is lower than the specified requirements. Firstly, by solving the Markov equation, the steady-state probability of component performance levels under the long-term operation of the system is obtained, and then the reliability of the system is evaluated by UGF (Universal generating function) method. Finally, a numerical example is carried out to illustrate the effectiveness of the method.
Non-linear diffusion with stochastic resetting
Authors: Chełminiak Przemysław 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Resetting or restart, when applied to a stochastic process, usually brings its dynamics to a time-independent stationary state. In turn, the optimal resetting rate makes the mean time to reach a target to be finite and the shortest one. These and other innovative problems have been intensively studied over the last decade mainly in the case of ordinary diffusive processes. Intrigued by this fact we consider here the influence of stochastic resetting on the non-linear diffusion analysing its fundamental properties. We derive the exact formula for the mean squared displacement and demonstrate how it attains the steady-state value under the influence of the exponential resetting. This mechanism brings also about that the spatial support of the probability density function, which for the free non-linear diffusion is confined to the domain of a finite size, tends to span the entire set of real numbers. In addition, the first-passage properties for the non-linear diffusion intermittent by the exponential resetting are investigated. We find analytical expressions for the mean first-passage time and determine by means of the numerical method the optimal resetting rate which minimizes the mean time needed for a particle to reach a pre-determined target. Finally, we test and confirm the universal property that the relative fluctuation in the mean first-passage time of optimally restarted non-linear diffusion is equal to unity.
Systematic derivation of angular-averaged Ewald potential
Authors: Demyanov G S , Levashov P R 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this work we provide a step by step derivation of an angular-averaged Ewald potential suitable for numerical simulations of disordered Coulomb systems. The potential was first introduced by E Yakub and C Ronchi without a clear derivation. Two methods are used to find the coefficients of the series expansion of the potential: based on the Euler–Maclaurin and Poisson summation formulas. The expressions for each coefficient is represented as a finite series containing derivatives of Jacobi theta functions. We also demonstrate the formal equivalence of the Poisson and Euler–Maclaurin summation formulas in the three-dimensional case. The effectiveness of the angular-averaged Ewald potential is shown by the example of calculating the Madelung constant for a number of crystal lattices.
PrabotulinumtoxinA vs OnabotulinumtoxinA for the Treatment of Adult Males With Moderate to Severe Glabellar Lines: Post-hoc Analyses of the Phase III Clinical Study Data
Authors: Solish Nowell , Ascher Benjamin , Avelar Rui L , Bertucci Vince , Bodokh Isaac , Carruthers Jean , Cartier Hugues , Delmar Henry , Denfeld Ralf , Heckmann Marc , Hedén Per , Hilton Said , Inglefield Christopher , Ogilvie Patricia , Rzany Berthold-Josef , Sattler Gerhard , Sebastian Michael , Swift Arthur , Trévidic Patrick 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Despite a growing interest among men in cosmetic procedures such as botulinum toxin, comparator clinical trial data in this population are limited.

Objectives
The authors sought to compare the efficacy and safety of prabotulinumtoxinA and onabotulinumtoxinA for the treatment of males with moderate to severe glabellar lines.

Methods
Post-hoc analyses were performed on the subpopulation of male patients treated with either a single dose of 20 U prabotulinumtoxinA (n = 25) or 20 U onabotulinumtoxinA (n = 31) in the EVB-003 Phase III glabellar line clinical study. One key efficacy endpoint was the proportion of responders with a ≥1-point improvement from baseline at maximum frown on the 4-point Glabellar Line Scale.

Results
Compared with onabotulinumtoxinA-treated males, the percentages of responders who had a ≥1-point improvement on the Glabellar Line Scale at maximum frown were higher at all postbaseline time points for prabotulinumtoxinA-treated males (P &gt; 0.05 at all visits) by an absolute overall mean difference of 10.1% across all visits. Similar trends were observed for efficacy endpoints based on global aesthetic improvement and subject satisfaction. PrabotulinumtoxinA-treated males had a higher incidence of treatment-related headache and eyelid ptosis.

Conclusions
The percentages of patients who met the definition of a responder were higher at almost all time points examined for prabotulinumtoxinA-treated males. Despite the high level of consistency across all measures, differences between the 2 treatment groups did not reach statistical significance. Further study is warranted to establish if these post-hoc analyses observations are reproducible in a larger male patient population.

Level of Evidence: 1
Neuroimaging in Breast Implant Illness: An fMRI Pilot Study
Authors: Miseré Renée M L , Rutten Sanne , van den Hurk Job , Colaris Maartje J L , van der Hulst René R W J 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Some women with breast implants report systemic and cognitive symptoms known as breast implant illness (BII), which are very similar to those of fibromyalgia. Functional MRI (fMRI) has shown altered brain activity in fibromyalgia patients.

Objectives
The aim of this pilot study was to investigate whether brain alterations could be observed in BII patients by fMRI.

Methods
Women aged 18 to 76 with silicone breast implants for cosmetic reasons were recruited through a Dutch online BII support organization (MKS) and through the Maastricht University Medical Center. Study participants comprised 12 women with BII and 12 women without symptoms. Participants completed questionnaires regarding demographic characteristics, medical history, psychosocial complaints (Four-Dimensional Symptom Questionnaire), cognitive failure (Mini–Mental State Examination), and pain intensity and pain-related disability (Chronic Pain Grade Scale). Subsequently, brain images of all participants were obtained by resting-state fMRI and diffusion tensor imaging in a 3-T MRI scanner (Siemens Medical System, Erlangen, Germany).

Results
Eleven BII patients and 12 healthy controls were included in the analysis. Baseline characteristics were similar in the 2 groups and the mean silicone exposure was 15 years. Patients scored significantly higher than controls on both pain intensity and disability. Patients scored worse on depression, somatization, distress, and anxiety compared with asymptomatic women. Mini–Mental State Examination scores were normal. However, the analyses of both functional connectivity and structural integrity showed no significant differences between the 2 groups.

Conclusions
This pilot study showed no evidence of brain alterations in BII patients. However, patients scored significantly worse on psychosocial symptoms than controls. Psychological factors appear to play an important role in BII and should be further investigated.

Level of Evidence: 2
Cardiovascular effects of incretins: focus on glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists
Authors: Madsbad Sten , Holst Jens J 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) have been used to treat patients with type 2 diabetes since 2005 and have become popular because of the efficacy and durability in relation to glycaemic control in combination with weight loss in most patients. Today in 2022, seven GLP-1 RAs, including oral semaglutide are available for treatment of type 2 diabetes. Since the efficacy in relation to reduction of HbA1c and body weight as well as tolerability and dosing frequency vary between agents, the GLP-1 RAs cannot be considered equal. The short acting lixisenatide showed no cardiovascular benefits, while once daily liraglutide and the weekly agonists, subcutaneous semaglutide, dulaglutide, and efpeglenatide, all lowered the incidence of cardiovascular events. Liraglutide, oral semaglutide and exenatide once weekly also reduced mortality. GLP-1 RAs reduce the progression of diabetic kidney disease. In the 2019 consensus report from European Association for the Study of Diabetes/American Diabetes Association, GLP-1 RAs with demonstrated cardio-renal benefits (liraglutide, semaglutide and dulaglutide) are recommended after metformin to patients with established cardiovascular diseases or multiple cardiovascular risk factors. European Society of Cardiology suggests starting with a sodium-glucose cotransprter-2 inhibitor or a GLP-1 RA in drug naïve patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) or high CV Risk. However, the results from cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOT) are very heterogeneous suggesting that some GLP-1RAs are more suitable to prevent CVD than others. The CVOTs provide a basis upon which individual treatment decisions for patients with T2D and CVD can be made.
Genic and chromosomal components of Prdm9-driven hybrid male sterility in mice (Mus musculus)
Authors: Valiskova Barbora , Gregorova Sona , Lustyk Diana , Šimeček Petr , Jansa Petr , Forejt Jiří 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Hybrid sterility contributes to speciation by preventing gene flow between related taxa. Prdm9, the first and only hybrid male sterility gene known in vertebrates, predetermines the sites of recombination between homologous chromosomes and their synapsis in early meiotic prophase. The asymmetric binding of PRDM9 to heterosubspecific homologs of Mus musculus musculus × Mus musculus domesticus F1 hybrids and increase of PRDM9-independent DNA double-strand break hotspots results indificult- to- repair double-strand breaks, incomplete synapsis of homologous chromosomes, and meiotic arrest at the first meiotic prophase. Here, we show that Prdm9 behaves as a major hybrid male sterility gene in mice outside the Mus musculus musculus × Mus musculus domesticus F1 hybrids, in the genomes composed of Mus musculus castaneus and Mus musculus musculus chromosomes segregating on the Mus musculus domesticus background. The Prdm9cst/dom2 (castaneus/domesticus) allelic combination secures meiotic synapsis, testes weight, and sperm count within physiological limits, while the Prdm9msc1/dom2 (musculus/domesticus) males show a range of fertility impairment. Out of 5 quantitative trait loci contributing to the Prdm9msc1/dom2-related infertility, 4 control either meiotic synapsis or fertility phenotypes and 1 controls both, synapsis, and fertility. Whole-genome genotyping of individual chromosomes showed preferential involvement of nonrecombinant musculus chromosomes in asynapsis in accordance with the chromosomal character of hybrid male sterility. Moreover, we show that the overall asynapsis rate can be estimated solely from the genotype of individual males by scoring the effect of nonrecombinant musculus chromosomes. Prdm9-controlled hybrid male sterility represents an example of genetic architecture of hybrid male sterility consisting of genic and chromosomal components.
Serum N-glycomic profiling may provide potential signatures for surveillance of COVID-19
Authors: Xie Yongjing , Butler Michael 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Disease development and progression are often associated with aberrant glycosylation, indicating that changes in biological fluid glycome may potentially serve as disease signatures. The corona virus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) represents a significant threat to global human health. However, the effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the overall serum N-glycomic profile has been largely unexplored. Here, we extended our 96-well-plate-based high-throughput, high-sensitivity N-glycan profiling platform further with the aim of elucidating potential COVID-19-associated serum N-glycomic alterations. Use of this platform revealed both similarities and differences between the serum N-glycomic fingerprints of COVID-19 positive and control cohorts. Although there were no specific glycan peaks exclusively present or absent in COVID-19 positive cohort, this cohort showed significantly higher levels of glycans and variability. On the contrary, the overall N-glycomic profiles for healthy controls were well-contained within a narrow range. From the serum glycomic analysis, we were able to deduce changes in different glycan subclasses sharing certain structural features. Of significance was the hyperbranched and hypersialylated glycans and their derived glycan subclass traits. T-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding and hierarchical heatmap clustering analysis were performed to identify 13 serum glycomic variables that potentially distinguished the COVID-19 positive from healthy controls. Such serum N-glycomic changes described herein may indicate or correlate to the changes in serum glycoproteins upon COVID-19 infection. Furthermore, mapping the serum N-glycome following SARS-CoV-2 infection may help us better understand the disease and enable “Long-COVID” surveillance to capture the full spectrum of persistent symptoms.