bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cost Analysis of Automated Additive Printer Farms
Authors: Schmidt Carsten , Finsterwalder Florian , Griesbaum Rainer , Sehrt Jan T 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Automated additive printer farms, which operate several printers in parallel and thus increase the productivity, are an efficient way to realize a fully flexible mass production, as has been shown by a number of examples. By means of a specifically developed calculation method and virtual representations of various printer farm concepts in a simulation environment, various farm concepts are analyzed regarding the cost structure and the productivity. Also, an automated farm consisting of several low-cost printers is compared to an industrial printer. Subsequently, future scenarios are set up taking into account economic and technological trends allowing an estimation of the impact on the manufacturing costs of automated additive printer farms. In this paper, the analysis is based upon the Fused Layer Modeling (FLM) process, but to a large extent the findings can be transferred to other additive manufacturing processes, for example stereolithography (SL) or digital light processing (DLP).
Low-dose radiotherapy to the lungs using an interventional radiology C-arm fluoroscope: Monte Carlo treatment planning and dose measurements in a postmortem subject
Authors: Leon S , Paucar O , Correa N , Glassell M , Gonzales A , Olguin E , Shankar A , Moskvin V , Schwarz B , Alva-Sanchez M , Moyses H , Hamrick B , Sarria G R , Li B , Tajima T , Necas A , Guzman C , Challco R , Montoya M , Meza Z , Zapata M , Gonzales A , Marquina J , Quispe K , Chavez T , Castilla L , Moscoso J , Ramirez J , Marquez F , Neira R , Vilca W , Mendez J , Hernandez J , Roa D 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objective. The goal of this study was to use Monte Carlo (MC) simulations and measurements to investigate the dosimetric suitability of an interventional radiology (IR) c-arm fluoroscope to deliver low-dose radiotherapy to the lungs. Approach. A previously-validated MC model of an IR fluoroscope was used to calculate the dose distributions in a COVID-19-infected patient, 20 non-infected patients of varying sizes, and a postmortem subject. Dose distributions for PA, AP/PA, 3-field and 4-field treatments irradiating 95% of the lungs to a 0.5 Gy dose were calculated. An algorithm was created to calculate skin entrance dose as a function of patient thickness for treatment planning purposes. Treatments were experimentally validated in a postmortem subject by using implanted dosimeters to capture organ doses. Main results. Mean doses to the left/right lungs for the COVID-19 CT data were 1.2/1.3 Gy, 0.8/0.9 Gy, 0.8/0.8 Gy and 0.6/0.6 Gy for the PA, AP/PA, 3-field, and 4-field configurations, respectively. Skin dose toxicity was the highest probability for the PA and lowest for the 4-field configuration. Dose to the heart slightly exceeded the ICRP tolerance; all other organ doses were below published tolerances. The AP/PA configuration provided the best fit for entrance skin dose as a function of patient thickness (R2 = 0.8). The average dose difference between simulation and measurement in the postmortem subject was 5%. Significance. An IR fluoroscope should be capable of delivering low-dose radiotherapy to the lungs with tolerable collateral dose to nearby organs.
Belief and the Basis of Meaning (1974)
Authors: Davidson Donald 
Published: August 2022

Davidson responds to David Lewis’ and W.V. Quine's replies to Essay 10.He discusses the various interpretative principles Lewis improved on (Charity, Rationalization, Truthfulness) and then raises the issue whether, as Lewis seemed to suggest, we can interpret utterances and beliefs independently of employing intentional idiom (that is, whether we can employ a reductive, physical framework to get the same interpretative results). Agreeing with Lewis on the supervenience of the mental on the physical (but disqualifying his ontic monism in a new footnote as not even ‘materialist’), Davidson stresses the analytical irreducibility of the former to the latter (he refers us to Essay 11 of his Essays on Actions and Events). In relation to both Lewis and Quine, he discusses the degree of determinacy ineliminable from his truth‐theoretic approach to interpretation.
Aberrant splicing of PSEN2, but not PSEN1, in individuals with sporadic Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Course Meredith M , Gudsnuk Kathryn , Keene C Dirk , Bird Thomas D , Jayadev Suman , Valdmanis Paul N 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease is the most common neurodegenerative disease, characterized by dementia and premature death. Early-onset familial Alzheimer’s disease is caused in part by pathogenic variants in presenilin 1 (PSEN1) and presenilin 2 (PSEN2), and alternative splicing of these two genes has been implicated in both familial and sporadic Alzheimer’s disease. Here, we leveraged targeted isoform-sequencing to characterize thousands of complete PSEN1 and PSEN2 transcripts in the prefrontal cortex of individuals with sporadic Alzheimer’s disease, familial Alzheimer’s disease (carrying PSEN1 and PSEN2 variants), and controls. Our results reveal alternative splicing patterns of PSEN2 specific to sporadic Alzheimer’s disease, including a human-specific cryptic exon present in intron 9 of PSEN2 as well as a 77 bp intron retention product before exon 6 that are both significantly elevated in sporadic Alzheimer’s disease samples, alongside a significantly lower percentage of canonical full-length PSEN2 transcripts versus familial Alzheimer’s disease samples and controls. Both alternatively spliced products are predicted to generate a prematurely truncated PSEN2 protein and were corroborated in an independent cerebellum RNA-sequencing dataset. In addition, our data in PSEN variant carriers is consistent with the hypothesis that PSEN1 and PSEN2 variants need to produce full-length but variant proteins to contribute to the onset of Alzheimer’s disease, although intriguingly there were far fewer full-length transcripts carrying pathogenic alleles versus wild-type alleles in PSEN2 variant carriers. Finally, we identify frequent RNA editing at Alu elements present in an extended 3′ untranslated region in PSEN2. Overall, this work expands the understanding of PSEN1 and PSEN2 variants in Alzheimer’s disease, shows that transcript differences in PSEN2 may play a role in sporadic Alzheimer’s disease, and suggests novel mechanisms of Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis.
Hymenopteran Parasitoids of Leucotaraxis argenticollis (Diptera: Chamaemyiidae) and Leucotaraxis piniperda: Implications for Biological Control of Hemlock Woolly Adelgid (Hemiptera: Adelgidae)
Authors: Celis Sabrina L , Dietschler Nicholas J , Bittner Tonya D , Havill Nathan P , Gates Michael W , Buffington Matthew L , Whitmore Mark C 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae (Annand)) is a serious invasive pest of hemlock trees in eastern North America. Multiple biological control agents have been the focus of research aimed at pest management and conserving hemlock communities. Three promising A. tsugae specialist predators are the beetle Laricobius nigrinus (Fender) (Coleoptera: Derodontidae) and flies in the genus Leucotaraxis (Diptera: Chamaemyiidae), Leucotaraxis argenticollis (Zetterstedt), and Leucotaraxis piniperda (Malloch). However, these flies are vulnerable to parasitism by wasps in the genera Pachyneuron (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) and Melanips (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Figitidae). This study explores parasitoid wasp interactions with these Leucotaraxis species in their native western North American range and potential impacts on the biological control program in the East. Leucotaraxis, La. nigrinus, and parasitoid emergences were observed from adelgid-infested foliage collected from Washington State and British Columbia in 2018, 2019, and 2020. Undescribed species of Pachyneuron and Melanips emerged from puparia as solitary parasitoids. Parasitoid emergence was positively correlated with Leucotaraxis emergence. Percent parasitism increased between February and July, with the months of June and July experiencing higher parasitoid emergence than Leucotaraxis. Differences in emergence patterns suggest that Pachyneuron may be more closely associated with Le. argenticollis as a host, and that Melanips may be associated with Le. piniperda. High parasitism in Leucotaraxis had no effect on La. nigrinus larval abundance, whereas the combined emergence of parasitoids and Leucotaraxis was positively correlated with La. nigrinus. This suggests that there is limited competition among these predators.
Feature-tracking computed tomography left atrial strain and long-term survival after transcatheter aortic valve implantation
Authors: Hirasawa Kensuke , Singh Gurpreet K , Kuneman Jurrien H , Gegenava Tea , van der Kley Frank , Hautemann David , Reiber Johan H C , Ajmone Marsan Nina , Bax Jeroen J , Delgado Victoria 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimsAortic stenosis (AS) induces left atrial (LA) remodelling through the increase of left ventricular (LV) filling pressures. Peak LA longitudinal strain (PALS), reflecting LA reservoir function, has been proposed as a prognostic marker in patients with AS. Feature-tracking (FT) multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) allows assessment of LA strain from MDCT data. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between PALS using FT MDCT and survival in patients with severe AS who underwent transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI).Methods and resultsA total of 376 patients (mean age 80 ± 7 years, 53% male) who underwent MDCT before TAVI and had suitable data for assessment of PALS using dedicated FT software, were included. The patients were classified into four groups according to PALS quartiles; PALS &gt; 19.3% (Q1, highest reservoir function), 15.0–19.3% (Q2), 9.1–14.9% (Q3), and ≤9.0% (Q4, lowest reservoir function). The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. During a median of 45 (22–68) months follow-up, 148 patients (39%) died. On multivariable Cox regression analysis, PALS was independently associated with all-cause mortality [hazard ratio (HR): 1.044, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.012–1.076, P = 0.006]. Compared with patients in Q1, patients in Q3 and Q4 were associated with higher risk of mortality after TAVI [HR: 2.262 (95% CI: 1.335–3.832), P = 0.002 for Q3, HR: 3.116 (95% CI: 1.864–5.210), P &lt; 0.001 for Q4].ConclusionPALS assessed with FT MDCT is independently associated with all-cause mortality after TAVI.
Factors associated with statin discontinuation near end of life in a Danish primary health care cohort
Authors: Engell Anna E , Bathum Lise , Andersen John S , Thompson Wade , Lind Bent S , Jørgensen Henrik L , Nexøe Jørgen 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundLong-term preventive treatment such as treatment with statins should be reassessed among patients approaching end of life. The aim of the study was to describe the rate of discontinuation of statin treatment and factors associated with discontinuation in the 6 months before death.MethodsThis study is a retrospective cohort study using national registers and blood test results from primary health care patients. Patients in the Copenhagen municipality, Denmark who died between 1997 and 2018 and were statin users during the 10-year period before death were included. We calculated the proportion who remained statin users in the 6-month period before death. Factors associated with discontinuation were tested using logistic regression.ResultsA total of 55,591 decedents were included. More patients continued treatment (64%, n = 35,693) than discontinued (36%, n = 19,898) the last 6 months of life. The 70 and 80 age groups had the lowest odds of discontinuing compared to the 90 (OR 1.59, 95% CI 0.93–2.72) and 100 (OR 3.11, 95% CI 2.79–3.47) age groups. Increasing comorbidity score (OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.87; 0.90 per 1-point increase) and use of statins for secondary prevention (OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.85; 0.93) reduced the likelihood of discontinuation as did a diagnosis of dementia, heart failure, or cancer.ConclusionA substantial portion of patients continued statin treatment near end of life. Efforts to promote rational statin use and discontinuation are required among patients with limited life expectancy, including establishing clear, practical recommendations about statin discontinuation, and initiatives to translate recommendations into clinical practice.
Opportunities for an early recognition of spinal muscular atrophy in primary care: a nationwide, population-based, study in Italy
Authors: Maggi Lorenzo , Vita Gianluca , Marconi Ettore , Taddeo Daiana , Davì Michele , Lovato Valeria , Cricelli Claudio , Lapi Francesco 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundSpinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a rare genetic disease with a broad spectrum of severity. Although an early diagnosis of SMA is crucial to allow proper management of patients, the diagnostic delay is still an issue. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the clinical correlates of SMA among primary care patients.MethodsThe Health Search Database (HSD) was adopted. To estimate the prevalence and incidence rate of SMA, a cohort study was conducted on the population (aged ≥6 years) being registered in HSD from 1 January 2000 up to 31 December 2019. To investigate the clinical correlates of SMA, a nested case–control study was performed. SMA cases have been classified according to a clinically based iterative process as “certain”, “probable” or “possible”. To test the association between clinical correlates and SMA cases a multivariate conditional logistic regression model was estimated.ResultsThe SMA prevalence combining “certain”, “probable” and “possible” cases was 5.1 per 100,000 in 2019 (i.e. 1.12 per 100,000 when limited to “certain” cases), while the yearly incidence rate ranged from 0.12 to 0.56 cases per 100,000. Comparing “certain” cases with matched controls, the presence of neurology visits (OR = 6.5; 95% CI: 1.6–25.6) and prescription of electromyography (OR = 4.6; 95% CI: 1.1–18.7) were associated with higher odds of SMA diagnosis.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that primary care databases may be used to enhance the early identification of SMA. Additional efforts are needed to exploit the electronic health records of general practitioners to allow early recognition of SMA.
Parametric layout and performance examination of a novel energy process based on the renewable energies and thermodynamic cycles
Authors: Fang Qi , Li Shaoping , Fooladi Hadi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractToday, due to the challenges of fossil fuels and environmental crises, the use of geothermal energy as a renewable energy source can be useful. Since the two wells used for Sabalan geothermal power plant have different thermodynamic, in the present article, a new combined layout based on two flash cycles is proposed and investigated. In the introduced energy cycle, the transcritical Rankin and Kalina cycles are also used as downstream cycles to generate more power. In addition, heat exchangers are used to transfer heat to the liquefied natural gas (LNG) cycle to prevent energy and exergy losses in the downstream cycles. Relying on the proposed layout can prevent heat loss of downstream cycle’s condensers. LNG cycle, in addition to generating more power by using heat losses, can supply natural gas to the system and suburban villages. It was determined that the proposed energy cycle is able to produce a net power of ~27.8 MW with a thermal efficiency of ~26%. In addition, the total exergy destruction and exergy efficiency of the cycle are 29.9 MW and 52.6%, respectively. The proposed energy cycle is evaluated from the energy and exergy points of view. In addition, a parametric evaluation is presented to assess the effect of various factors on the performance of the proposed energy cycle. Moreover, the net power and performance of the energy cycle have been optimized subject to various input variables using a genetic algorithm.
A battery balancing control strategy for industrial applications
Authors: Liu Zhenyu , Fan Zhiguo , Li Ke , Shao Xiaoyuan , Fan Binning , Liu Aifeng , Yan Lijun 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The voltage-based equalization strategy is very simple, and it is widely used in industrial applications, however, for the traditional control strategy, while the battery voltages are equal, the battery management system (BMS) will stop balancing, due to the complex composition of the battery voltage, the battery cell is not well balanced. This paper proposed a battery balancing control strategy for industrial applications, which adds ohmic voltage compensation based on the traditional equalization control strategy, by increasing the compensation and prolonging the equalization time of the battery cell, a better equalization effect can be achieved. Compared with the traditional equalization strategy, the only parameters required are equalization current and battery internal resistance, these parameters are very easy to obtain without any burden, and are very suitable for industrial applications. This paper analyzes in detail the reasons why the traditional equilibrium strategy is insufficient, introduces the principle and error of the proposed strategy, and compares it with the traditional equilibrium strategy. The experimental results show that the error of the equalization strategy proposed in this paper is about 3 mV (discharge) and 2 mV (idle), while the traditional strategy is 10 mV and 8 mV, respectively.
Serum Ferritin Has Limited Prognostic Value on Mortality Risk in Patients with Decompensated Cirrhosis: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis
Authors: Guo Gaoyue , Sun Mingyu , Li Yifan , Yang Wanting , Wang Xiaoyu , Yu Zihan , Li Chaoqun , Hui Yangyang , Fan Xiaofei , Jiang Kui , Sun Chao 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objective
The prognostic value of serum ferritin remains elusive in the literature. We aimed to examine the association between serum ferritin and mortality risk in cirrhosis.

Methods
A total of 257 cirrhotic patients were recruited. The cut-off of serum ferritin was determined by X-tile. The Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier method were used. A 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to diminish the impacts of selection bias and possible confounders.

Results
The difference regarding mortality was mostly significant for serum ferritin &gt;158 ng/mL. Before PSM, serum ferritin &gt;158 ng/mL was an independent predictor of mortality. However, the clinical relevance of high ferritin level for prognostication was blunted after PSM (survival rate: 86.8% vs 96.3%, P = .078). Cox regression indicated that model for end-stage liver disease remains only independent risk factor of 180-day mortality after PSM.

Conclusion
Serum ferritin may not serve as an independent prognostic indicator of mortality risk in decompensated cirrhotic patients.
Focused Echocardiography
Authors: Yu Connie , Dinh Vi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis chapter uses clinical vignettes and multiple-choice questions to explore core and advanced principles of cardiac ultrasound with a focus on electrocardiography. The cases will assess image acquisition pearls and pitfalls, image interpretation, false-positive and false-negative findings, and integration into patient management. Clinical vignettes will include stable and unstable patients presenting with undifferentiated symptoms such as chest pain, shortness of breath, cardiac arrest, or hypotension. Each case will include detailed explanations for correct and incorrect answer choices, incorporating landmark studies as well as the latest literature that clinical sonographers will find of interest.
Physics and Knobology
Authors: Abramoff Claire , Lemos John , Khalid Usama , Beck Sierra 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis chapter uses clinical vignettes and multiple-choice questions to explore core and advanced principles of ultrasound physics and knobology. The cases will assess image acquisition pearls and pitfalls, image interpretation, false-positive and false-negative findings, and integration into patient management. Clinical vignettes will include stable and unstable patients presenting with undifferentiated symptoms such as chest pain, shortness of breath, cardiac arrest, or hypotension. Each case will include detailed explanations for correct and incorrect answer choices, incorporating landmark studies as well as the latest literature that clinical sonographers will find of interest.
Ocular Ultrasound
Authors: Tseeng Stephanie , Kalam Sharmin , Jafry S. Zan Mehtab 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This chapter uses clinical vignettes and multiple-choice questions to explore core and advanced principles of ocular ultrasound. The cases assess image acquisition pearls and pitfalls, image interpretation, false positive and negative findings, and integration into patient management. Clinical vignettes include ocular chief complaints such as ocular pain, vision loss, ocular trauma, blurred vision, and eye redness. Each case includes detailed explanations for correct and incorrect answer choices, incorporating landmark studies as well as the latest literature that clinical sonographers will find of interest. Relevant references and sources for each case are also included, as well as keywords for each section.
Airway and ENT
Authors: Lahham Shadi , Chadha Tushank , Bui Michelle , Spann Sophia , Gari Abdulatif 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis chapter uses clinical vignettes and multiple-choice questions to explore core and advanced principles of airway and ENT ultrasound. The cases assess image acquisition pearls and pitfalls, image interpretation, false positive and negative findings, and integration into patient management. Clinical vignettes include stable and unstable patients presenting with undifferentiated symptoms such as neck pain, shortness of breath, and neck swelling. Each case includes detailed explanations for correct and incorrect answer choices, incorporating landmark studies as well as the latest literature that clinical sonographers will find of interest. Relevant references and sources for each case are also included, as well as keywords for each section.
Deep Venous Thrombosis and Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: Prats Michael I. , Bahner David P. , Boulger Creagh T. , Go Michael R. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Venous thromboembolic disease is often a concern for those presenting to the acute care setting. Whether it be a deep venous thrombosis (DVT) or a pulmonary embolism (PE), point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) can be helpful in the diagnosis and management of these patients. For DVTs, duplex sonography is considered the standard for diagnosis, and studies have shown that POCUS can accurately and quickly make this diagnosis. In addition to ultrasound of the veins, POCUS of the lungs and heart can assist in diagnosing PE. Furthermore, the diagnosis of right heart strain on point-of-care echocardiography can assist with risk stratification of patients with the diagnosis of PE. Overall, POCUS is a valuable modality that can assist in the timely management of this potentially life-threatening disease.
Dominant Essential Tremor
Authors: Viswanathan Ashwin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Deep brain stimulation has emerged as the most common surgical treatment for movement disorders, such as essential tremor. However, stereotactic ablative techniques, including thalamotomy, remain an important intervention to offer patients who do not wish for an implanted device or who have a contraindication to brain surgery. Thalamotomy can be performed using radio-frequency technology, laser interstitial thermal therapy, radiosurgery, or focused ultrasound. There are unique advantages and limitations of each of these techniques. A case of radio-frequency thalamotomy is presented. Radio-frequency thalamotomy is an effective, fast, and inexpensive technique for improving unilateral tremor. Between 60% and 80% of patients will maintain excellent improvement, with either no tremor or significant improvement in tremor.