bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID‐19 vaccine associated cervical lymphadenopathy: a case series
Authors: Heaven Chelsea L. , Barber Lucy , Ahmadi Omid , Selvarajah Kumanan , Shetty Subhaschandra 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundCOVID‐19 is an evolving worldwide pandemic causing significant morbidity and mortality. COVID‐19 vaccinations have been developed to increase immunity against the virus. In New Zealand, the Pfizer BioNTech mRNA vaccine has been provisionally approved for use. Axillary lymphadenopathy is a recognized side effect of the mRNA vaccine, however cervical lymphadenopathy has also been reported. Due to a wide range of differential diagnoses, the finding of cervical lymphadenopathy requires thorough investigation which can include imaging and invasive diagnostic procedures.MethodsFive patients were identified by otorhinolaryngology (ORL) consultants at Whangarei Base Hospital and Waikato Hospital between 15/7/2021 and 21/12/2021 after being investigated through high suspicion of cancer triage pathways set by the New Zealand Ministry of Health. Inclusion criteria were adult patients with cervical lymphadenopathy following vaccination. Exclusion criteria were no history of vaccination or lymphadenopathy present before vaccination.ResultsAll patients were identified to have cervical lymphadenopathy on radiological imaging and a recent history of COVID‐19 vaccination with the Pfizer BioNTech vaccine. Interval vaccination to fine needle aspiration time ranged between 41 and 76 days. All patients had cytological or histological diagnosis showing reactive findings or interval imaging showing resolution of lymphadenopathy.ConclusionWith increasing levels of COVID‐19 vaccination and booster vaccinations we will continue to see cases of COVID‐19 vaccine associated cervical lymphadenopathy. We highlight the importance of taking a COVID‐19 vaccination history and including COVID‐19 associated cervical lymphadenopathy in the differential diagnosis of presentation with a neck lump.
Pipelines in the “Public Interest”? The Jurisdictional Work of a Concept in Canadian Pipeline Assessment
Authors: Fox Liam 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper contributes to research on the means by which the Canadian state authorises, enables, and secures new major petroleum pipelines. While disruptions to pipeline construction are now increasingly common, state and industry alike have continued to finance and approve new projects, even despite serious and ongoing concerns about impacts on ecologies and Indigenous jurisdiction. The paper focuses on one under‐researched mechanism of state authorisation: federal impact assessments for new oil and gas pipeline projects, undertaken by the National Energy Board (NEB), Canada’s now former energy regulator, which operated between 1959 and 2019. The NEB’s mandate was to deem, via impact assessment, whether a new project would be in the “public interest”. I argue public interest is an effective legal‐political mechanism for securing and obscuring the state’s claim to jurisdiction, the traction of which lies partly in an underlying colonial scalar logic and imaginary.
Developing and validating a university needs instrument to measure the psychosocial needs of university students
Authors: Tindle Richard , Castillo Paola , Doring Natalie , Grant Leigh , Willis Royce 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundUniversity students are four times more likely to experience elevated levels of psychological distress compared to their peers. The psychosocial needs of university students are associated with high psychological distress, stressful life events, and academic performance. Our study focuses on developing a measure to help universities identify these psychosocial needs.AimsThe study aimed to develop and validate the factor structure of the University Needs Instrument and identify the relationship between psychosocial needs, psychological distress and academic performance among university students.SampleUndergraduate university students (N = 511) currently studying at university.MethodParticipants completed demographic questions, the University Needs Instrument and the Kessler‐10 Psychological Distress scale. The University Needs Instrument comprises 30 items within six psychosocial factors (academic support, financial support, support from family, support from friends, practical support and emotional support), each consisting of five items.ResultsConfirmatory factor analysis showed that all items significantly loaded on the six hypothesized factors. The hypothesized model was supported by the data displaying excellent model fit and psychometric properties. Our analysis determined that the UNI has strong internal consistency. The results also confirmed that university students' high levels of psychological distress and their academic performance may be affected by their psychosocial needs.ConclusionsOur findings have provided an initial validation of the UNI to help screen and identify the psychosocial needs of university students. This scale can be used to identify the appropriate psychosocial support that can be offered to students and in turn could help reduce their psychological distress, improve their psychosocial well‐being and increase academic performance.
Analytic Causal Knowledge for Constructing Useable Empirical Causal Knowledge: Two Experiments on Pre‐schoolers
Authors: Cheng Patricia W. , Sandhofer Catherine M. , Liljeholm Mimi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe present paper examines a type of abstract domain‐general knowledge required for the process of constructing useable domain‐specific causal knowledge, the evident goal of causal learning. It tests the hypothesis that analytic knowledge ofcausal‐invariance decomposition functionsis essential for this process. Such knowledge specifies the decomposition of an observed outcome into contributions from constituent causes under the default assumption that the empirical knowledge acquired isinvariantacross contextual/background causes. The paper reports two psychological experiments (and replication studies) with pre‐school‐age children on generalization across contexts involving binary cause and effect variables. The critical role of causal invariance for constructing useable causal knowledge predicts that even young children should (tacitly) use the causal‐invariance decomposition function for such variables rather than a non‐causal‐invariance decomposition function common in statistical practice in research involving binary outcomes. The findings support the rational shaping of empirical causal knowledge by the causal‐invariance constraint, ruling out alternative explanations in terms of non‐causal‐invariance decomposition functions, heuristics, and biases. For the same causal structure involving candidate causes and outcomes that are binary variables with a “present” value and an “absent” value, the paper argues against the possibility of multiple rational characterizations of the “sameness of causal influence” that justifies generalization across contexts.
Meta‐feature based few‐shot Siamese learning for Urdu optical character recognition
Authors: Naseer Asma , Zafar Kashif 
Published: May 2022

AbstractStandard convolution neural network (CNN) achieves high level of accuracy for the recognition of characters in different languages. However, like other deep neural networks, training of CNN requires a substantial amount of data. Lack of sufficient training data invokes dataset bias, during learning process, which leads to a decay in the performance of CNN. The limitation of training data can be addressed by using few‐shot learners. In this research, CNN‐based few‐shot Siamese learner is trained on meta‐features, extracted from Urdu text images using a novel graph‐based normal to tangent line (GNTL) technique, for Urdu optical character recognition (OCR) across different font sizes. The learner is trained on three corpora (datasets) including one benchmark corpus “Centre for Language Engineering Text Images” and two other corpora, that is, “Urdu Thickness Graphs” (UTG) and “Urdu OCR Font 16 to 36” (UOF) which are developed and released in this research. 80% of data is used for training while 20% of data is used for testing. To create UTG corpus, the proposed novel feature extraction technique GNTL is used and a meta‐features‐based corpus is developed in form of thickness graphs. The third corpus UOF is based on five different font sizes, that is, 16, 20, 26, 30, and 36. The performance of few‐shot Siamese learner is compared with a standard CNN, trained on the same three corpora. Meta‐feature based few‐shot Siamese learner achieves a promising recognition accuracy and outperforms standard CNN by around 3%. On average, the performance of few‐shot Siamese learner is 96.82% while standard CNN reveals an average performance of 93.96%.
Understanding debates about Asiatic cheetah conservation through media analysis
Authors: Nayeri Danial , Hosseini Mahshid , Gore Meredith , Farhadinia Mohammad S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGiven the global popularity and ubiquity of electronic media coverage of wildlife and conservation, media frame analysis is widely used to help conservation decision‐makers understand public opinion, differing goals and priorities, and arguments used in conflict. Nonetheless, media frame analysis has only been used on occasion to elucidate how different conservation stakeholders frame wildlife management plans. We applied media frame analysis to the case of critically endangered Asiatic cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus venaticus), one of the world's rarest felids now confined to Iranian deserts. Between January 2018 and December 2020, 91 interviews from 44 conservation stakeholders were published in Persian‐language electronic media following the development of an Asiatic cheetah management plan. Media framed conservationists as agreeing on the alarming situation of Asiatic cheetahs and high‐level interventions needed for possible recovery yet disagreeing about using integrated (in situ + ex situ) versus single management approaches (in situ only) between academic and NGO interviewees. Interviews presented a balance of thematic (year‐round) and episodic around National and International Cheetah Days. We also found that the current media debate was highly skewed toward non‐local perspectives while views from reserve staffs were rarely (n = 2) reflected in the media. The increasing number of controversial conservation topics in media debates can persuade the public or policymakers by setting agenda. Disagreement in premises, threats and interventions confuse managers and potentially creates procrastination of necessary actions. Higher inclusion of reserve staffs, technical cooperation between stakeholders and pursuing the existing management plan are interventions that may portend great potential to enhance the conservation impact of media debates.
1021. COELOGYNE SQUAMULOSA: Orchidaceae
Authors: Schuiteman André , Want Terry , Lambkin Deborah 
Published: May 2022

SummaryCoelogyne squamulosa is illustrated from a specimen flowering in cultivation. The history of its discovery and rediscovery in Borneo and its ecology are described. Related species are discussed and a detailed description of C. squamulosa is given.
The Social Contract and India's Right to Education
Authors: Dyer Caroline , Sriprakash Arathi , Jacob Suraj , Thomas Nisha 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTIndia's 2009 Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education (RTE) Act presents an idealized social contract which assigns roles to multiple actors to uphold a mutual duty, or collective responsibility, to secure children's access to a quality school education. This article explores how the social contract assumed by the RTE Act misrepresents the conditions required to enact mutual responsibilities as well as actors’ agreement to do so. Qualitative data from Bihar and Rajasthan show how state actors, parents, community groups and teachers negotiate and contest the RTE Act norms. The analysis illuminates the unequal conditions and ever‐present politics of accountability relations in education. It problematizes the idealization of the social contract in education reform: it proposes that if the relations of power and domination through which ‘contracts’ are entered into remain unaddressed, then expressions of ‘mutual’ responsibility are unlikely to do other than reproduce injustice. It argues that policy discourses need to recognize and attend to the socially situated contingencies of accountability relations, and that doing so would offer an alternative pathway towards addressing structural inequalities and their manifestations in education.
Fibro‐inflammatory recovery and type 2 diabetes remission following a low calorie diet but not exercise training: A secondary analysis of the DIASTOLIC randomised controlled trial
Authors: Brady Emer M. , Gulsin Gaurav S. , Mirkes Evgeny M. , Parke Kelly , Kanagala Prathap , Ng Leong L. , Graham‐Brown Matthew P. M. , Athithan Lavanya , Henson Joseph , Redman Emma , Yang Jang , Zhao Lei , Argyridou Stavroula , Gray Laura J. , Yates Thomas , Davies Melanie J. , McCann Gerry P. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimsTo investigate the relationship between fibro‐inflammatory biomarkers and cardiovascular structure/function in people with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) compared to healthy controls and the effect of two lifestyle interventions in T2D.MethodsData were derived from the DIASTOLIC randomised controlled trial (RCT) and includes a comparison between those with T2D and the matched healthy volunteers recruited at baseline. Adults with T2D without cardiovascular disease (CVD) were randomized to a 12‐week intervention either: (1) exercise training, (2) a low‐energy (∼810 kcal/day) meal‐replacement plan (MRP) or (3) standard care. Principal Component and Fisher's linear discriminant analysis were used to investigate the relationships between MRI acquired cardiovascular outcomes and fibro‐inflammatory biomarkers in cases versus controls and pre‐ and post‐intervention in T2D.ResultsAt baseline, 83 people with T2D (mean age 50.5 ± 6.4; 58% male) and 36 healthy controls (mean age 48.6 ± 6.2; 53% male) were compared and 76 people with T2D completed the RCT for pre‐ post‐analysis. Compared to healthy controls, subjects with T2D had adverse cardiovascular remodelling and a fibro‐inflammatory profile (20 differentially expressed biomarkers). The 3D data visualisations showed almost complete separation between healthy controls and those with T2D, and a marked shift towards healthy controls following the MRP (15 biomarkers significantly changed) but not exercise training.ConclusionsFibro‐inflammatory pathways and cardiovascular structure/function are adversely altered before the onset of symptomatic CVD in middle‐aged adults with T2D. The MRP improved the fibro‐inflammatory profile of people with T2D towards a more healthy status. Long‐term studies are required to assess whether these changes lead to continued reverse cardiac remodelling and prevent CVD.
Understanding inactive membership in voluntary contributory schemes: A case study of micro‐traders in Kenya
Authors: Indimuli Raphael , Mitullah Winnie , Riisgaard Lone , Kamau Anne 
Published: May 2022

SummaryMotivationThe provision of health insurance is a public policy response to address the problem of catastrophic health expenditure, which leads to deprivation. Studies show a low uptake of health insurance among informal workers, but the focus has been on understanding enrolment behaviour. Little attention has been paid to understanding inactive membership among informal workers.PurposeThis article asks why informal workers in Kenya are abandoning health insurance schemes. It uses micro‐traders as a case study to understand inactive membership among voluntary contributors in Kenya's national health insurance scheme.Methods and approachBased on primary data combining qualitative and quantitative methods, the article compares inactive members with active and non‐members to identify factors contributing to inactive status.FindingsThis article contends that unmarried voluntary contributors who consider themselves to be healthy and are own‐account workers with low and irregular earnings are more likely to drop out of the scheme. The key drivers of “inactiveness” are the inability to commit to the payment of regular premiums, due to the irregularity of earnings, the change of employment status from formal to informal, and dissatisfaction with scheme services.Policy implicationsSince unmarried, “healthy,” voluntary contributors are more likely to drop out, this creates problems of adverse selection in cases where the scheme retains “unhealthy” members, who are more likely to claim benefits. When “healthy” members drop out, this may force the scheme to increase the level of premiums, since contributory schemes rely on members' contributions. An increase in premiums may trigger further dropouts, which is counterproductive in relation to the global agenda of increasing access to essential health care.
Pay and employee intrapreneurialism in Russia, 1994–2015: A longitudinal study
Authors: Croucher Richard , Morrison Claudio , Rizov Marian 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe examine whether a high wage–high employee intrapreneurial inputs model remains a significant feature of the Russian economy. We do so by estimating the evolution of employee ‘intrapreneurial’ contributions to companies in Russia, 1994–2015, using Akerlof's theory of ‘partial gift exchange’. Akerlof (1982) suggests that employee discretionary contributions to organizational capacities rise when pay exceeds employee perceptions of ‘fair’ pay in comparable employment. Using the extensive Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey (RLMS), we find that overall employee intrapreneurial contributions significantly declined, 1994–2015, mirroring the declining Akerlof wage premium. Intrapreneurialism in highly informalized sectors was associated with labour market pressures. We extend Akerlof's theory to recognize intrapreneurial activity associated with coercive labour market pressures in the secondary labour market.
Different efficiency of auxiliary/chaperone proteins to promote the functional reconstitution of honeybee glutamate and acetylcholine receptors in Xenopus laevis oocytes
Authors: Brunello Lorène , Ménard Claudine , Rousset Matthieu , Vignes Michel , Charnet Pierre , Cens Thierry 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHeterologous expression systems (e.g., Xenopus laevis oocytes) are useful to study the biophysical properties and pharmacology of ionotropic receptors such as ionotropic glutamate (iGLuRs) and nicotinic acetylcholine (nAChRs) receptors. However, insect receptors often require the co‐expression of chaperone proteins to be functional. Only few iGluRs and nAChRs have been successfully expressed in such systems. Here, we compared the efficiency of chaperone proteins to promote the functional expression of one Apis mellifera iGluR and several nAChR subunit combinations (α1α8β1, α7, α2α8β1 and α2α7α8β1) in Xenopus oocytes. To this end, we cloned a new iGluR (GluR‐1) and potential chaperone proteins (e.g., SOL‐1, Neto, NACHO) and tested more than 40 combinations of human, nematode and honeybee proteins. We obtained robust expression of GluR‐1 and α1α8β1 when co‐expressed with honeybee chaperone proteins and found that nAChR expression critically depended on the α1 subunit N‐terminal sequence. We recorded small ACh‐gated currents in few oocytes when the α7 subunit was co‐expressed with Caenorhabditis elegans RIC‐3, but none of the chaperone proteins allowed efficient expression of α2α8β1 or α2α7α8β1. Our results show that only some protein combinations can reconstitute functional receptors in Xenopus oocytes and that protein combination efficient in one species is not always efficient in another species.
Carry‐over effects on reproduction in food‐supplemented wintering great tits
Authors: Broggi Juli , Watson Hannah , Nilsson Johan , Nilsson Jan‐Åke 
Published: May 2022

Bird winter‐feeding has become a popular backyard activity around the world, particularly in northern regions of Europe and America with cold winters. However, the short‐ and long‐term ecological consequences of such artificial feeding remain inconclusive. In seasonal environments, timing of breeding is a crucial aspect that can strongly influence reproductive output and ultimately fitness. Individual condition at the start of the breeding season is especially important in determining breeding success, by influencing the onset of and investment in breeding. However, empirical evidence on the effects of winter feeding on avian breeding performance remain equivocal.We studied onset of reproduction (laying date) and breeding investment (clutch size) over seven consecutive seasons in a population of wild great tits Parus major in southern Sweden. During the first three years of study, no experimental manipulation was undertaken, while over the last four years the study area was exposed to either supplemented or unmanipulated winter feeding conditions. Breeding was positively affected by supplementary feeding during winter, as birds breeding in the supplemented area increased their clutch size compared to birds from the control area, although laying date remained unaffected by winter feeding. Since differences in clutch size were absent during the three years prior to the experimental manipulation, the results suggest that winter supplementary feeding, and not inherent differences between the two areas, was the reason for the observed effect. Both breeding parameters varied over the years of study, although the effects of the experimental manipulation on clutch size remained consistent, which suggests a carry‐over effect of winter feeding on subsequent breeding performance.
Three dispersal routes out of Africa: A puzzling biogeographical history in freshwater planarians
Authors: Solà Eduard , Leria Laia , Stocchino Giacinta Angela , Bagherzadeh Reza , Balke Michael , Daniels Savel R. , Harrath Abdel Halim , Khang Tsung Fei , Krailas Duangduen , Kumar Biju , Li Mei‐Hui , Maghsoudlou Abdolvahab , Matsumoto Midori , Naser Niamul , Oben Benedicta , Segev Ori , Thielicke Matthias , Tong Xiaoli , Zivanovic Goran , Manconi Renata , Baguñà Jaume , Riutort Marta 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimFreshwater planarians may have a wide geographical range despite their assumed low vagility. Found across four continents, Dugesia may have either an ancient origin on a large palaeo landmass, followed by colonisation in different regions before continental fragmentation, or a more recent origin and subsequent transoceanic dispersal. We seek to resolve between these two hypotheses.LocationAfrica, Eurasia and Australasia.TaxonGenus Dugesia (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida: Dugesiidae).MethodsWe used data from the sequencing of six gene fragments and comprehensive taxonomic sampling of Dugesia from across its distribution range to reconstruct the phylogeny of this genus using maximum likelihood and bayesian inference methods. We conducted two phylogenetic dating analyses using Platyhelminthes fossils and palaeogeological events. Basing on the time‐calibrated molecular phylogenetic framework we evaluated the contribution of vicariance and dispersal to the biogeographical evolution of Dugesia. By reconstructing the ancestral areas and present‐day potential distribution using BioGeoBEARS and niche modelling, we elucidated the biogeographical history of the genus.ResultsThe present‐day distribution of Dugesia is a result of different vicariance and dispersal events. However, we also found evidence of transoceanic dispersal. Consistent with previous hypotheses, Dugesia dates to the Upper Jurassic in the Afro‐Malagasy Gondwana region. We unveiled a novel biogeographical scenario for the genus, involving multiple events of colonisation in Eurasia from continental Africa via at least three dispersal routes.Main conclusionsDugesia is an ancient genus having reached its present distribution through a complex history of dispersal and vicariant events following its origin in southern Gondwana. Despite the low vagility of Dugesia, we found evidence of their overseas dispersal.