bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate levels at 7 years old are positively associated with more advanced pubertal development between 10 and 13 years old in girls
Authors: Santos‐Silva Rita , Fontoura Manuel , Severo Milton , Santos Ana Cristina 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to explore the association between dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) levels at age 7, pubertal development between ages 10 and 13, and age at menarche.Design and participantsThis is a longitudinal study of 603 individuals (301 girls, 302 boys) from the Generation XXI cohort.MeasurementsEvaluation of the participants at ages 7, 10 and 13 included anthropometry and Tanner staging. Pubertal development between ages 10 and 13 was categorized using latent class analysis, based on Tanner stages. The association between DHEAS at age 7 and pubertal development between ages 10 and 13 was conducted with binomial logistic regression, adjusted for BMI z‐score. The variation of age at menarche in relation to DHEAS levels at age 7, controlling for maternal age at menarche, birth weight z‐score and BMI z‐score, was estimated fitting a linear regression model.ResultsPubertal development at ages 10−13 was categorized into two classes—Class 1 had a higher probability for the lower Tanner stage (less advanced sexual maturation) and Class 2 had a higher probability for the higher Tanner stage (more advanced sexual maturation). In girls, taking Class 1 as a reference, Class 2 was positively associated with BMI z‐score and DHEAS. In boys, Class 2 was positively associated with BMI, but not with DHEAS. DHEAS levels at age 7 were negatively associated with age at menarche, after adjustment for maternal age at menarche, birth weight and BMI.ConclusionIn girls, but not in boys, DHEAS at age 7 was positively associated with more advanced pubertal development between ages 10 and 13, and with earlier age at menarche.
Habitat use of and threats to African large carnivores in a mixed‐use landscape
Authors: Strampelli Paolo , Henschel Philipp , Searle Charlotte E. , Macdonald David W. , Dickman Amy J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLarge carnivores increasingly inhabit human‐affected landscapes, which exhibit heterogeneity in biotic resources, anthropogenic pressures, and management strategies. Understanding large carnivore habitat use in these systems is critical for their conservation, as is the evaluation of competing management approaches and the impacts of significant land‐use changes. We used occupancy modeling to investigate habitat use of an intact eastern African large carnivore guild across the 45,000 km2Ruaha‐Rungwa landscape in south‐central Tanzania. We determined the relative impact on five large carnivore species of biotic, anthropogenic, and management factors at the scales of home range selection and short‐term use within home ranges. We also specifically tested the effect of abandonment of trophy hunting areas on large carnivore occurrence. Patterns of habitat use differed among species. Lions (Panthera leo) appeared affected by top‐down limitation, as their occurrence was significantly negatively associated with illegal human activity (β = –0.63 [SE 0.28]). African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus), instead, were limited by biotic features; the species was negatively associated with riverine areas of high sympatric predator density (β = –1.00 [SE 0.43]) and used less‐productive habitats. Spotted hyaena (Crocuta crocuta) and leopard (Panthera pardus) persisted in more disturbed areas and across habitat types. Large carnivore occurrence was not affected by whether an area was used for photographic or trophy hunting tourism; regular law enforcement was instead a better predictor of occurrence. All species fared better in actively managed hunting areas than those that had been abandoned by operators. Overall, our findings highlight the divergent habitat requirements within large carnivore guilds and the importance of adopting an integrated approach to large carnivore conservation planning in modern systems. We also identified a novel threat to African conservation areas in the form of decreased management investments associated with the abandonment of trophy hunting areas.
Kidney nonprocurement in deceased donors with acute kidney injury
Authors: Yu Kathleen , Husain Syed A. , King Kristen , Stevens Jacob S. , Parikh Chirag R. , Mohan Sumit 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundAcute kidney injury (AKI) is common in deceased organ donors and is associated with high rates of kidney discard by transplant centers. High discard rates may consequently drive nonprocurement of these kidneys by organ procurement organizations. We aimed to study the relationship between donor AKI and kidney nonprocurement.MethodsUsing U.S. registry data, we identified donors with at least one organ recovered from 2008 to 2018. We compared characteristics of donors with no kidneys procured across AKI stages, and used multivariable logistic regression to evaluate the relationship between AKI severity and kidney nonprocurement.ResultsOverall 14 543 kidneys from 7620 donors were not procured, among which 93% were from donors with AKI. For 6945 donors with no kidneys procured but an extrarenal organ recovered, most had stage 3 (51%), followed by stage 1 (27%) and stage 2 AKI (15%). Nonprocured stage 3 donors were the youngest and had the lowest Kidney Donor Risk Index of all nonprocured donors. Adjusted odds of kidney nonprocurement were 1.14 (95%CI 1.02–1.27) for stage 1, 1.25 (95%CI 1.12–1.41) for stage 2, and 10.37 (95%CI 9.30–11.56) for stage 3 donors, compared to non‐AKI donors. Among donors with minimum creatinine <1.5 mg/dl, stage 2 and 3 AKI were still associated with significantly higher odds of nonprocurement.ConclusionsAKI severity is a strong risk factor for kidney nonprocurement. Efforts to address the organ shortage should focus on encouraging procurement and utilization of kidneys from deceased donors with severe AKI, given the large and rising prevalence of donor AKI and excellent transplant outcomes with these kidneys.
Quantification of stress‐induced hyperglycaemia associated with key diagnostic categories using the stress hyperglycaemia ratio
Authors: Roberts Gregory W. , Larwood Crystal , Krinsley James S. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimStress‐induced hyperglycaemia (SIH) is the acute increase from preadmission glycaemia and is associated with poor outcomes. Early recognition of SIH and subsequent blood glucose (BG) management improves outcomes, but the degree of SIH provoked by distinct diagnostic categories remains unknown. Quantification of SIH is now possible using the stress hyperglycaemia ratio (SHR), which measures the proportional change from preadmission glycaemia, based on haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c).MethodsWe identified eligible patients for eight medical (n = 892) and eight surgical (n = 347) categories. Maximum BG from the first 24 h of admission for medical, or postoperatively for surgical patients was used to calculate SHR.ResultsAnalysis of variance indicated differing SHR and BG within both the medical (p < 0.0001 for both) and surgical cohort (p < 0.0001 for both). Diagnostic categories were associated with signature levels of SHR that varied between groups. Medically, SHR was greatest for ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (1.22 ± 0.33) and sepsis (1.37 ± 0.43). Surgically, SHR was greatest for colectomy (1.62 ± 0.48) and cardiac surgeries (coronary artery graft 1.56 ± 0.43, aortic valve replacement 1.71 ± 0.33, and mitral valve replacement 1.75 ± 0.34).SHR values remained independent of HbA1c, with no difference for those with HbA1c above or below 6.5% (p > 0.11 for each). BG however was highly dependent on HbA1c, invariably elevated in those with HbA1c ≥ 6.5% (p < 0.001 for each), and unreliably reflected SIH.ConclusionThe acute stress response associated with various medical and surgical categories is associated with signature levels of SIH. Those with higher expected SHR are more likely to benefit from early SIH management, especially major surgery, which induced SIH typically 40% greater than medical cohorts. SHR equally recognised the acute change in BG from baseline across the full HbA1c spectrum while BG did not and poorly reflected SIH.
Transitioning a traditional introductory information systems course to a data analytics focused course
Authors: Tiahrt Thomas , Hanus Bartlomiej , Porter Jason C. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFirms desire graduates capable of executing current and future business practices, many of which revolve around data. To meet those needs, we shifted the orientation of our required information systems course from technology to data. Instead of a survey of information systems, students learn the data acquisition–preparation–mining–presentation process in an information‐systems setting. The scope of the revised undergraduate introductory course includes decision trees, Bayesian classifiers, and clustering; it uses Microsoft's Excel, Access, SQL Server, Power BI, and SQL Server Analysis Services to reveal the basics of data analytics to students. Students have welcomed the change and understand that the course material directly applies to what they will experience as working professionals. Similarly, employers have appreciated the change and tell us that our graduates are better prepared to perform data analysis with minimal training.
Phage‐bacterium interactions and nutrient availability can shape C and N retention in microbial biomass
Authors: Wu Hanqing , Wan Sichen , Ruan Chujin , Niu Xinyao , Chen Guowei , Liu Ying , Zhu Kun , Schulin Rainer , Wang Gang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPhage‐bacterium interactions influence soil microbial life and ecological functions, including microbial evolution, community patterns, and nutrient cycling. However, understanding of phage‐mediated soil bacterial lysis dynamics, and impacts on soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling, remains elusive. Here, we used a short‐term laboratory incubation microcosm model system (which did not contain actual soil) consisting of a soil bacterium Bacillus cereus LB2 and an exclusive B. cereus phage SWEP1 to illustrate how a single soil phage manipulates bacterial lysis and the associated necromass formation under different nutrient conditions, and the associated changes on C and N dynamics. Results showed that the phage‐induced bacterial lysis significantly increased the total amounts of necromass C and N, which was correlated to nutrient conditions. Bacteria populations were effectively eliminated by phages under eutrophic conditions, whereas the lysis rate of SWEP1 slowed down under oligotrophic conditions. The presence of phage clearly stimulated necromass accumulation, albeit with a reduced proportion of dissolved NH4+‐N content from the supernatant. Therefore, phages may enhance microbial necromass formation, and actively contribute to soil organic matter (SOM) stabilisation and C and N cycling in soil ecosystem.Highlights
Phage‐mediated bacterial lysis increased C and N contents in necromass
Eutrophic conditions facilitate phage‐mediated bacteria elimination
The lysis rate of phage slows down under oligotrophic conditions
The contribution of bacterial necromass to SOM may be underestimated
Menu simplification for portfolio selection under short‐sales constraints
Authors: AitSahlia Farid , Doellman Thomas , Sardarli Sabuhi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe introduce a risk‐reduction‐based procedure to identify a subset of funds with a resulting opportunity set that is at least as good as the original menu when short‐sales are imposed. Relying on Wald tests for mean‐variance spanning, we show that the better results for the subset can be explained by a higher concentration of covariance entries between its assets, ultimately leading to smaller Frobenius norms of the associated matrices. With data on US‐defined contribution plans, where participants have limited financial literacy, tend to be overwhelmed and prefer to make decisions among fewer choices, we obtain a 75% average reduction.
Oral health of schoolchildren in Slovenia: Prospective epidemiological study
Authors: Egić Boris 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe quality of oral health can be estimated by its own indicators, one of which is the Decayed‐Missing‐Filled index (DMF‐T for permanent teeth and dmf‐t for deciduous teeth index). Caries can be prevented and successfully controlled by comparing clinical and epidemiological data. The basic prerequisite for this approach is data collection through systematic examinations, the results of which are a starting point for a prevention programme. The aim of the study is to define the oral health of elementary schoolchildren in one municipality of Slovenia, focusing on 6‐, 12‐ and 15‐year‐old children.MethodsA prospective epidemiological study of elementary school children (aged 6, 12 and 15) of municipality Murska Sobota, Slovenia, was performed over four years. Data were obtained from the dental records of elementary schoolchildren acquired from a specialist in paediatric dentistry. Collected data included age, gender, the number of carious teeth and tooth fillings per child in deciduous and permanent teeth, dmf‐t/DMF‐T index and the percentage of primary and secondary healthy children. Statistical analysis was performed using SPPS 25.ResultsData from schoolchildren were used (1256 girls, 1281 boys). The number of carious deciduous teeth per person in 6‐year‐olds (3.2–3.8) was higher than the number of (carious) permanent teeth in 12‐year‐olds (0.3–1.2). The number of filings per person in deciduous teeth in 6‐year‐olds (0.5–0.6) was lower than it was in permanent teeth in 12‐year‐olds (0.3–1.2). Dmf‐t index in 6‐year‐olds was from 4 to 4.6; DMF‐T index in 12‐year‐olds were from 1.2 to 2.2 and in 15‐year‐olds from 2.4 to 3.8. The percentage of primary healthy children was lower for older children, but the percentage of secondary healthy children was higher for older children.ConclusionsMonitoring oral health is important, and school has an important role in it; however, caries control has yet to be successful.
Laparoscopic procedures‐induced keloids: A retrospective case series study
Authors: Wang Hayson Chenyu , Li Zhijin , Yu Nanze , Huang Jiuzuo , Long Xiao 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe abdominal skin is not a common area for keloid formation. The knowledge of laparoscopically induced keloids (LIK) remains little. This article aimed to review the case series of LIK and analyse the characteristics. A retrospective and descriptive study was conducted. Patients' clinical records in the database were collected, including the demographics, medical history, laparoscopic surgery information, keloid information, and the severity of LIKs recorded using the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale. Twenty‐four LIK patients were enrolled. 18 patients were female and 10 had chronic diseases. 11 patients had non‐LIKs. 91.6% patients received laparoscopic cholecystectomy. LIKs were mainly located under the xiphoid process (N = 20), followed by the umbilicus (N = 16). 41.7% patients developed keloids at all trocha sites. The severity of the LIK was significantly negatively associated with the presence of the non‐LIK. Laparoscopic procedures could lead to the formation of keloids. Two types of LIKs were noticed: extended incisions induced long “spreading” type and trocha induced round bulging type. The presence of non‐LIKs could significantly reduce the severity of LIKs.
Lack of attention to sex and gender in periodontitis‐related randomized clinical trials: A meta‐research study
Authors: Michelson Courtney , Al‐Abedalla Khadijeh , Wagner Julie , Swede Helen , Bernstein Eric , Ioannidou Effie 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimThis meta‐research study aimed to investigate the level of compliance with the Sex and Gender Equity in Research (SAGER) Guidelines for the inclusion, analysis, and reporting of sex/gender, in periodontitis‐related randomized controlled trials (RCTs).Materials and MethodsFollowing the inclusion of RCTs related to the treatment of periodontitis published between 2018 and 2019, we applied the SAGER checklist to assess the adherence to sex/gender reporting guidelines. We used non‐parametric descriptive statistics and correlation models to test the association of the dependent outcome with other variables.ResultsOne hundred and one articles were included in the analysis. The female enrolment ranged between 30% and 94%. Twenty‐six studies enrolled less than 50% of female participants. The overall SAGER score (OSS) of item fulfilment ranged between 0 and 7 items with an average of 1.9 items signifying poor guideline adherence to the SAGER guidelines. These findings were not associated with the corresponding author gender (p = .623), publication year (p = .947), and funding source (p = .133). However, a significant but negative correlation with journal impact factor (r = −0.253, p = .026) was observed.ConclusionsSex and gender were frequently disregarded in clinical trial reporting. This oversight might limit the understanding of sex/gender differences in periodontitis‐related clinical trials.
Methylated miRNAsmay serve as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for hidradenitis suppurativa
Authors: Radhakrishna U. , Ratnamala U. , Jhala D.D. , Vadsaria N. , Patel M. , Uppala L.V. , Vishweswaraiah S. , Vedangi A. , Saiyed N. , Damiani G. , Jemec G.B.E. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundHidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory disease influenced by genetics, non‐genetic and environmental factors that modulate miRNA expression. Currently, no miRNA data are available for HS. In this study, we profiled DNA methylation patterns of miRNA genes associated with HS susceptibility.ObjectivesIdentify miRNA gene methylation profiles associated with HS susceptibility. This study examined the methylation patterns of DNAs from 24 healthy controls and 24 patients with HS using Illumina Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip array analysis. Methylation patterns of miRNA genes were analysed using KEGG pathway analysis to explore the inversely correlated pathways regulated by miRNAs.ResultsWe identified 60 CpG sites representing 65 unique microRNA genes including 54 hypomethylated and 6 hypermethylated CpGs as potentially associated with HS. Some of these CpGs were found to be critical for skin function, such as miR‐29, miR‐200, miR‐205, miR‐548 and miR‐132. The miR‐192 is implicated in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease. The miR‐200c gene was identified as a vital determinant in regulating skin repair after injury and may contribute to age‐associated alterations in wound repair. miR‐132 was significantly upregulated during the inflammation phase of wound repair, enhancing the activity of STAT3 and ERK pathways that promote keratinocyte proliferation.ConclusionsEpigenetically altered microRNA genes are implicated in wound healing, inflammation, keratinocyte proliferation and wound modulation. This is the first study to analyse methylation profiles of miRNA genes in the HS population, highlighting the unique role that miRNAs might play in diagnosing and treating HS.
Orthogonal optimization for effective classification of different tea leaves by a novel pressure stabilized inclined chamber classifier
Authors: Cao Miaolong , Zhu Jiayi , Zhang Jinli , Cao Shi , Pang Mao 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn the field of tea separation and processing, modern high‐tech can realize the nondestructive separation of tea and improve the quality of tea. In this study, a novel pressure‐stabilizing inclined chamber classifier was proposed, which was used to adjust the particle size distribution of tea at the entrance of the classifier. A suitable cavity can control the change of wind speed so that tea leaves are not easy to bend and deform, and the success rate of grading is improved. Second, three parameters that affect the success rate of tea classification are put forward: suction wind speed V, suction distance H, and suction distance L. When the parameters are V = 6 m/s, H = 40 mm, and L = 20 mm, the best response value is obtained, thus the most suitable entrance shape is obtained. Finally, the internal flow field of the classifier is analyzed, and different sizes of tea leaves are classified according to the change of air pressure flowing through the closed structure cavity. With the distribution of air velocity, tea leaves fall into collectors with different widths. Therefore, the flow field simulation test shows that the classifier can classify high‐quality tea according to the airflow. The model lays a foundation for further study of the fluid–solid coupling process and interaction between particles.Practical ApplicationsIn this study, a novel pressure‐stabilized inclined chamber classifier was designed, and three parameters that affect the success rate of tea classification were put forward. The process conditions were optimized by orthogonal tests, and the number of experiments was reduced. This method can be used to evaluate the influence of various technological parameters on tea classification. In order to improve the classification success rate, it is necessary to statistically discuss the results of the orthogonal test and flow field analysis.
Effect of operating parameters on performance of finger millet pearling machine
Authors: Powar Ranjit , Aware Vijay , Chavan Prasad , Jaiswal Amit K. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe effect of operational parameters such as feed rate (FR), drum speed (DS), and concave clearance (CC) was studied on the performance of a pearling drum. The pearling drum consists of pearling cylinder, pearling sieve, concave, and outer casing of the drum. The response surface method with CCRD experimental design was used to study the effect of operational parameters on pearling drum. The considered levels for optimizing operational parameters viz., FR, DS, and CC were 40–80 kg/h, 5–10 m/s, and 3–15 mm, respectively. The maximum pearling efficiency (PE) and minimum grain damage (GD) were found to be 98.40%, and 0.12%, respectively at FR, DS, and CC of 71.89 kg/h, 7.13 m/s, and 5.13 mm, respectively. The validation of the performance of pearling drum was carried out at optimized levels of parameters, the PE was found to be 99% with no GD against predicted PE of 98.40% and GD of 0.12%.