bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Baseline MRI-based radiomics model assisted predicting disease progression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients with complete response after treatment
Authors: Bao Dan , Liu Zhou , Geng Yayuan , Li Lin , Xu Haijun , Zhang Ya , Hu Lei , Zhao Xinming , Zhao Yanfeng , Luo Dehong 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Accurate pretreatment prediction for disease progression of nasopharyngeal carcinoma is key to intensify therapeutic strategies to high-risk individuals. Our aim was to evaluate the value of baseline MRI-based radiomics machine-learning models in predicting the disease progression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients who achieved complete response after treatment.

Methods
In this retrospective study, 171 patients with pathologically confirmed nasopharyngeal carcinoma were included. Using hold-out cross validation scheme (7:3), relevant radiomic features were selected with the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator method based on baseline T2-weighted fat suppression and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images in the training cohort. After Pearson’s correlation analysis of selected radiomic features, multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied to radiomic features and clinical characteristics selection. Logistic regression analysis and support vector machine classifier were utilized to build the predictive model respectively. The predictive accuracy of the model was evaluated by ROC analysis along with sensitivity, specificity and AUC calculated in the validation cohort.

Results
A prediction model using logistic regression analysis comprising 4 radiomics features (HGLZE_T2H, HGLZE_T1, LDLGLE_T1, and GLNU_T1) and 5 clinical features (histology, T stage, N stage, smoking history, and age) showed the best performance with an AUC of 0.75 in the training cohort (95% CI: 0.66–0.83) and 0.77 in the validation cohort (95% CI: 0.64–0.90). The nine independent impact factors were entered into the nomogram. The calibration curves for probability of 3-year disease progression showed good agreement. The features of this prediction model showed satisfactory clinical utility with decision curve analysis.

Conclusions
A radiomics model derived from pretreatment MR showed good performance for predicting disease progression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and may help to improve clinical decision making.
An investigationof the inhibitory effects of dichloromethane and methanol extracts of Salvia macilenta, Salvia officinalis, Salvia santolinifola and Salvia mirzayanii on diabetes marker enzymes, an approach for the treatment diabetes
Authors: Javid Hasan , Moein Soheila , Moein Mahmoodreza 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Diabetes mellitus is a type of metabolic disease characterized by elevated blood sugar. The main strategy for its treatment is to inhibit carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes, including α-amylase and α-glucosidase. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of Salvia extracts in inhibiting diabetes marker enzymes.

Materials and methods
This experimental study was performed in vitro. The studied plants included Salvia mirzayanii, Salvia macilenta, Salvia officinalis and Salvia santolinifola and inhibitory effects of their methanolic and dichloromethane extracts were investigated. After calculating the percentage of α-amylase inhibition and IC50 of the extracts, Km and Vmax were also determined using prism7.Statistical analysis was performed employing with Graph Pad instat3 software.

Results
The results here in revealed that methanol extracts of Salvia santolinifola (with IC50 = 54.72 ± 9.6 μg / ml) and Salvia officinalis with (IC50 = 54.87 ± 5.7 μg / ml) and dichloromethane extract of Salvia officinalis with (IC50 = 71.20 ± 14.3 μg / ml) had the greatest inhibitory effect on α-amylase comparing to acarbose with (IC50 = 42.94 ± 3.8 μg / ml) as a standard. Tukey test results showed that there is a significant difference between IC50 of acarbose comparing to methanol extract of Salvia mirzayanii and dichloromethane extracts of Salvia mirzayanii and Salvia santolinifola with P value ˂0.001 in α-amylase inhibition.

Conclusion
The extracts had significant inhibitory effects on α-amylase inhibition. Among the extracts of the studied species, methanol extract of Salvia santolinifola demonstrated the greatest inhibitory effect on α-amylase.
SNP-based breeding for broiler resistance to ascites and evaluation of correlated production traits
Authors: Lee Katie Pepper , Anthony Nicholas B. , Orlowski Sara K. , Rhoads Douglas D. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
The goal of this study was to evaluate marker-assisted selection (MAS) in broiler chickens using previously mapped gene regions associated with ascites syndrome incidence. The second-generation MAS products were assessed for impact on ascites phenotype and whether there were associated changes in important production traits. Previously, we used whole genome resequencing (WGR) to fine-map 28 chromosomal regions as associated with ascites phenotype in our experimental ascites broiler line (Relaxed, REL) based on a hypobaric chamber challenge. Genotypes for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in mapped regions on chromosomes 2 and 22, were used for MAS in our REL line. After two generations, birds homozygous for the genotypes associated with resistance for both chromosomal regions were established. The MAS F2 generation was then compared to the REL line for ascites susceptibility and 25 production traits.

Results
Selection based on SNPs in the carboxypeptidase Q (CPQ, Gga2) and leucine rich repeat transmembrane neuronal 4 (LRRTM4, Gga22) gene regions resulted in a sex- and simulated altitude- dependent reduction of ascites incidence in two F2 cohorts of the MAS line. Comparisons of the F2 MAS and REL lines for production traits when reared at ambient pressure found no significant negative impacts for feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), or deboned part yields for either sex for two F2 cohorts. There were, however, improvements in the MAS for full-trial body weight gain (BWG), FCR, absolute and relative tender weights, and relative drumstick weight.

Conclusions
These results validate the mapping of the 28 chromosomal regions and demonstrate that fine mapping by WGR is an effective strategy for addressing a complex trait; it also stands as the first successful SNP-based selection program against a complex disease trait, such as ascites. The MAS line is comparable and, in some instances, superior, in growth performance to the REL control while being more resistant to ascites. This study indicates that MAS based on WGR can provide significant breeding potential in agricultural systems.
Patient-specific 3D-printed helmet for post-craniectomy defect – a case report
Authors: Pang Sherby Suet-Ying , Fang Evan , Chen Kam Wai , Leung Matthew , Chow Velda Ling-Yu , Fang Christian 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Patients who undergo decompressive craniectomy (DC) are often fitted with a helmet that protects the craniectomy site from injury during rehabilitation. However, conventional “one-size-fits-all” helmets may not be feasible for certain craniectomy defects. We describe the production and use of a custom 3D-printed helmet for a DC patient where a conventional helmet was not feasible due to the craniectomy defect configuration.

Case presentation
A 65-year-old male with ethmoid sinonasal carcinoma underwent cranionasal resection and DC with free vastus lateralis flap reconstruction to treat cerebrospinal fluid leakage. He required an external helmet to protect the craniectomy site, however, the rim of a conventional helmet compressed the craniectomy site, and the straps compressed the vascular pedicle of the muscle flap. Computed topography (CT) scans of the patient’s cranium were imported into 3D modelling software and used to fabricate a patient-specific, strapless helmet using fused deposition modelling (FDM). The final helmet fit the patient perfectly and circumvented the compression issues, while also providing better cosmesis than the conventional helmet. Four months postoperatively, the helmet remains intact and in use.

Conclusions
3D printing can be used to produce low-volume, patient-specific external devices for rehabilitation where standardized adjuncts are not optimal. Once initial start-up costs and training are overcome, these devices can be produced by surgeons themselves to meet a wide range of clinical needs.
Quantification of organic volatile impurities in Oseltamivir phosphate drug substances by head space gas chromatography
Authors: Gudibanda Chandrasekhar Reddy , Pulipaka Shyamala , Rallabhandi Murali Krishna , Kapavarapu Maruthi Venkata Narayana Rao , Mannem Mannem Durga Babu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe present work is aimed at quantification of organic volatile solvents like Methanol, Ethanol, Acetonitrile, Isopropyl alcohol (IPA), Dichloromethane (DCM), Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), Hexane fractions, Ethyl acetate (EA), Tetra hydro furan (THF), 1,4-Dioxane, Dimethylformamide (DMF), and Toluene in Oseltamivir phosphate Active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and pharmaceutical dosage forms. The method was developed using a thermal gradient elution program associated with a column having dimensions are DB-1,60 m × 0.32 mm × 5.0 μm with a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and Nitrogen (N2) as a carrier gas. A flame ionization detector was used as a detector, and its temperature is at 290 °C whereas the injector temperature is at 180 °C. The total run time is 60.0 min. The developed method was validated according to International Council for Harmonization (ICH) guidelines.ResultsThe linearity of the calibration curve for twelve impurities in the concentration range of Limit of Quantification (LOQ) to 150% was good. The curve was linear for twelve residual impurities of Oseltamivir phosphate. Relative standard deviation values for twelve residual impurities are not more than 15%. Limit of detection (LOD) and LOQ for twelve residual impurities were found to be very low-level concerning specification level. We found good results for all validated parameters for twelve residual impurities.ConclusionsTo quantify the residual organic volatile solvents (organic volatile impurities) in the Oseltamivir phosphate API, a novel, specific, and elevated sensitive headspace gas chromatography method was developed to separate twelve solvents that are accompanying with fifteen peaks. Out of fifteen peaks, critical components are Hexane fractions, Ethyl acetate, MTBE, and DCM. So, our method has capable of separating and simultaneous quantification such critical components. So, it can be successfully applied for routine analysis of quantification of these twelve residual impurities in Oseltamivir phosphate bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms.
Incidence, Nature, and Consequences of Oncologists' Experiences With Sexual Harassment
Authors: Subbiah Ishwaria M. , Markham Merry Jennifer , Graff Stephanie L. , Matt-Amaral Laurie B. , Close Julia L. , Griffith Kent A. , Jagsi Reshma 
Published: January 2022

PURPOSEThe incidence and impact of workplace sexual harassment (SH) of oncologists requires rigorous characterization.METHODSOncologists identified by ASCO's Research Survey Pool and social media outreach completed validated measures of SH (encompassing gender harassment, unwanted sexual attention, and sexual coercion) and four outcomes (mental health, job satisfaction, turnover intentions, and sense of workplace safety) over the previous year. Multivariable regression models assess the impact of SH on the four outcomes.RESULTSOf 271 cisgender respondents (153 women and 118 men), 189 (70%) experienced SH in the past year alone by peers and/or superiors (80% of women v 56% of men, P < .0001). Specifically, 186 (69%) experienced gender harassment (79% of women, 55% of men, P < .0001), 45 (17%) unwanted sexual attention (22% of women, 9% of men, P = .005), and 7 (3%) sexual coercion (3% of women, 2% of men, P = .42). SH by patients and/or families in the past year was experienced by 143 (53% overall: 67% of women, 35% of men, P < .0001). Specifically, 141 (52%) experienced gender harassment (66% of women, 34% of men, P < .0001), 15 (6%) unwanted sexual attention (5% of women, 6% of men, P = .80), and 3 (1%) sexual coercion (1% of women, 1% of men, P = .72). Multivariable analysis showed that past-year SH by peers and/or superiors was significantly associated with decreased mental health (β = –0.45, P = .004), sense of workplace safety (β = –0.98, P < .001), and job satisfaction (β = –0.69, P = .001), along with increased turnover intentions (β = 0.93, P < .0001). Past-year SH by patients and/or families was significantly associated with decreased mental health (β = –0.41, P = .002), sense of workplace safety (β = –0.42, P = .014), and increased turnover intentions (β = 0.58, P = .0004). There were no significant interactions between the respondents' gender and the SH scores in any of the four outcome models, signifying no difference in impact between men and women oncologists.CONCLUSIONThis study using validated measures of SH to systematically characterize oncologists' workplace experience demonstrates substantial incidence of SH in the previous one year alone and its impact on men and women oncologists, informing the need for and design of effective protective and preventive measures.
Approach to the Patient With Treatment-resistant Acromegaly
Authors: Coopmans Eva C , van der Lely Aart J , Neggers Sebastian J C M M 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Although most tumors in patients with acromegaly are benign and are cured or controlled by surgery and/or first-generation somatostatin receptor ligands therapy, some can behave more aggressively and are resistant to these standard therapies. Acromegaly, if left untreated, is a rare and chronic disorder, commonly caused by a GH-producing pituitary adenoma and is associated with significant comorbidities and an increased mortality. Transsphenoidal surgery is considered the mainstay of acromegaly management, but medical therapy has an increasingly important role. However, disease activity is not fully controlled in a significant number of patients treated with surgery and/or high-dose first-generation somatostatin receptor ligand monotherapy. In these circumstances, therefore, repeated surgery, second-line medical therapy, and radiotherapy, alone or combined as multimodal therapeutic strategies should be considered, in a patient-centered perspective.
Perioperative Management of a Patient With Cushing Disease
Authors: Varlamov Elena V , Vila Greisa , Fleseriu Maria 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Patients with Cushing disease (CD) may present with both chronic and acute perioperative complications that necessitate multidisciplinary care. This review highlights several objectives for these patients before and after transsphenoidal surgery. Preoperative management includes treatment of electrolyte disturbances, cardiovascular comorbidities, prediabetes/diabetes, as well as prophylactic consideration(s) for thromboembolism and infection(s). Preoperative medical therapy (PMT) could prove beneficial in patients with severe hypercortisolism or in cases of delayed surgery. Some centers use PMT routinely, although the clinical benefit for all patients is controversial. In this setting, steroidogenesis inhibitors are preferred because of rapid and potent inhibition of cortisol secretion. If glucocorticoids (GCs) are not used perioperatively, an immediate remission assessment postoperatively is possible. However, perioperative GC replacement is sometimes necessary for clinically unstable or medically pretreated patients and for those patients with surgical complications. A nadir serum cortisol of less than 2 to 5µg/dL during 24 to 74 hours postoperatively is generally accepted as remission; higher values suggest nonremission, while a few patients may display delayed remission. If remission is not achieved, additional treatments are pursued. The early postoperative period necessitates multidisciplinary awareness for early diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency (AI) to avoid adrenal crisis, which may also be potentiated by acute postoperative complications. Preferred GC replacement is hydrocortisone, if available. Assessment of recovery from postoperative AI should be undertaken periodically. Other postoperative targets include decreasing antihypertensive/diabetic therapy if in remission, thromboprophylaxis, infection prevention/treatment, and management of electrolyte disturbances and/or potential pituitary deficiencies. Evaluation of recovery of thyroid, gonadal, and growth hormone deficiencies should also be performed during the following months postoperatively.
The Hox gene Antennapedia is essential for wing development in insects
Authors: Fang Chunyan , Xin Yaqun , Sun Tao , Monteiro Antónia , Ye Zhanfeng , Dai Fangyin , Lu Cheng , Tong Xiaoling 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
A long-standing view in the field of evo-devo is that insect forewings develop without any Hox gene input. The Hox gene Antennapedia (Antp), despite being expressed in the thoracic segments of insects, has no effect on wing development. This view has been obtained from studies in two main model species: Drosophila and Tribolium. Here, we show that partial loss of function of Antp resulted in reduced and malformed adult wings in Bombyx, Drosophila and Tribolium. Antp mediates wing growth in Bombyx by directly regulating the ecdysteriod biosynthesis enzyme gene (shade) in the wing tissue, which leads to local production of the growth hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone. Additional targets of Antp are wing cuticular protein genes CPG24, CPH28 and CPG9, which are essential for wing development. We propose, therefore, that insect wing development occurs in an Antp-dependent manner.
This article has an associated ‘The people behind the papers’ interview.
A novel yeast model detects Nrf2 and Keap1 interactions with Hsp90
Authors: Ngo Vy , Brickenden Anne , Liu Hansen , Yeung Cynthia , Choy Wing-Yiu , Duennwald Martin L. 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
Nrf2 is the master transcriptional regulator of cellular responses against oxidative stress. It is chiefly regulated by Keap1, a substrate adaptor protein that mediates Nrf2 degradation. Nrf2 activity is also influenced by many other protein interactions that provide Keap1-independent regulation. To study Nrf2 regulation, we established and characterized yeast models expressing human Nrf2 (also known as NFE2L2), Keap1 and other proteins that interact with and regulate Nrf2. Yeast models have been well established as powerful tools to study protein function and genetic and physical protein-protein interactions. In this work, we recapitulate previously described Nrf2 interactions in yeast and discover that Nrf2 interacts with the molecular chaperone Hsp90. Our work establishes yeast as a useful tool to study Nrf2 interactions and provides new insight into the crosstalk between the antioxidant response and the heat shock response.
Physiological effects of food availability times in higher vertebrates
Authors: Kumar Vinod , Sharma Aakansha , Tripathi Vatsala 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTFood availability is a crucial ecological determinant of population size and community structure, and controls various life-history traits in most, if not all, species. Food availability is not constant; there are daily and seasonal differences in food abundance. When coupled to appetite (urge to eat), this is expressed as the eating schedule of a species. Food availability times affect daily and seasonal physiology and behaviour of organisms both directly (by affecting metabolic homeostasis) and indirectly (by altering synchronization of endogenous rhythms). Restricted food availability times may, for example, constrain reproductive output by limiting the number or quality of offspring or the number of reproductive attempts, as has been observed for nesting frequency in birds. Consuming food at the wrong time of day reduces the reproductive ability of a seasonal breeder, and can result in quality–quantity trade-offs of offspring. The food availability pattern serves as a conditioning environment, and can shape the activity of the genome by influencing chromatin activation/silencing; however, the functional linkage of food availability times with epigenetic control of physiology is only beginning to emerge. This Review gives insights into how food availability times, affected by changes in eating schedules and/or by alterations in feeding environment or lifestyle, could have hitherto unknown consequences on the physiology and reproductive fitness of seasonally breeding vertebrates and those that reproduce year round.
Effect of Quadrupole of Nitrogen, as a Probe Molecule for Surface Area Estimation: XRD and HRMC Investigation
Authors: Bacilla Ana Carolina Cons , Futamura Ryusuke , Iiyama Taku 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
To obtain the properties of nanopores solids, N2 is usually used as probe molecule, however recently, IUPAC recommends using Ar instead. This study used experimental X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, Monte Carlo (MC), and hybrid reverse MC (HRMC) simulations to obtain information on the intermolecular structures of adsorbed N2 and Ar. Our results indicate that the quadrupole interaction between N2 molecules is relatively weak, and the N2 gives fairly good assessments as with Ar for porous carbons with low functional groups.
Enzyme Model-catalyzed Oxidative Copolymerization of Phenol while Continuously Adding an Endcap to Multi-branched Poly(phenylene oxide) Showing Low Dielectric Constant
Authors: Nakano Akiyuki , Kubota Yuto , Osaka Noboru , Higashimura Hideyuki 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Oxidative copolymerization of phenol while continuously adding a small amount of 4-phenylphenol as an endcap was performed by using an enzyme model catalyst, followed by reprecipitation. Consequently, multi-branched poly(phenylene oxide)s were obtained with number-averaged molecular weights of 18,000–28,000, showing both high thermal stability beyond 470 °C and low dielectric constant of 2.43 @ 10 GHz.