bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Osteosarcoma of the bladder: a case report
Authors: Oka Toshiki , Matsuzaki Kyosuke , Izumi Haruka , Nonomura Daichi , Mori Kiyoshi , Nishimura Kensaku 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Osteosarcoma arising from the bladder is extremely rare, with only 38 cases reported to our knowledge. It is often detected owing to hematuria, and is treated by surgery (for example, total cystectomy), radiation therapy, and chemotherapy; however, the prognosis is extremely poor.

Case presentation
An 83-year-old Japanese man underwent cystoscopy for postoperative follow-up of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder, which revealed a 2-cm nodular tumor on the right wall. He had a history of abdominal aortic aneurysm and hypertension, and had been smoking 15 cigarettes per day for 45 years. Seven years previously, the patient underwent transurethral resection of bladder tumor for a 5-cm tumor on the right wall of the bladder. The histopathological diagnosis was urothelial carcinoma. No recurrence had been detected since then. Transurethral resection of bladder tumor was performed, and the histopathological diagnosis was cystosarcoma. Because of his advanced age, we decided that it would be difficult to perform total cystectomy. We therefore performed a second transurethral resection of bladder tumor and found no residual tumor. At 29 months after surgery, the patient remains alive without recurrence.

Conclusion
Bladder osteosarcoma has a poor prognosis. However, our case was detected early, and treatment with transurethral resection of bladder tumor alone resulted in long-term survival without recurrence.
How big will the next eruption be?
Authors: Colosi Paul , Brodsky Emily E. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAnticipating the size of the next volcanic eruption in long-term forecasts is a major problem in both basic and applied volcanology. In this study, we investigate the extent to which eruption size is predictable based on historical and other attribute data. Data from the Smithsonian Global Volcanism Program (GVP) Catalog is used to determine the predictability of volcanic eruption size as quantified through the reported VEI (Volcano Explosivity Index). The numerical and categorical attributes from the global volcanic catalog were classified with trained random forest and simple prediction models to make a forecast of VEI that can be tested against the most recent eruption of each volcano. We compare these results to two different baseline predictability levels by: (a) selecting randomly from the global distribution of VEIs for the most recent eruptions to calculate a cohort baseline and (b) selecting the most frequent VEI for a given population to calculate a zero-rule baseline. We found that: (1) nearly any method that incorporates prior information on a specific volcano improves the prediction accuracy of the succeeding eruption VEI by at least 10 percentage points relative to the cohort baseline case, (2) incorporating attributes beyond previous VEIs can provide better accuracy and achieve up to 30 percentage point accuracy gains, (3) total accuracy of the VEI forecasting by these methods can be up to nearly 80% and (4) the zero-rule is an effective prediction method that is modestly outperformed (~ 5 percentage point gain) by random forest methods with multiple attributes on most datasets. We find no notable preference in accuracy based on volcano type. The results quantify the importance of volcano-specific information in long-term forecasting and may help practitioners assess their expected performance when anticipating future eruption size.
Physiology and metabonomics reveal differences in drought resistance among soybean varieties
Authors: Wang Xiyue , Li Yongping , Wang Xiaojing , Li Xiaomei , Dong Shoukun 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
The soybean is an important food crop worldwide. Drought during the first pod stage significantly affects soybean yield, and understanding the metabolomic and physiological changes in soybeans under drought stress is crucial. This study identified the differential metabolites in initial pod stage soybean leaves under polyethylene glycol-simulated drought stress, using ultra performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry, and the physiological indexes related to drought resistance.

Results
Physiologically, drought resistance also generates enzyme and antioxidant activity; levels of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase first increased and subsequently decreased, while those of soluble sugar, soluble protein, malondialdehyde, and proline content increased in both varieties. The contents of CAT, proline and soluble sugar in Heinong 44 (HN44) were higher than those in Heinong 65 (HN65), and the contents of MDA were lower than those in HN65. In metabolomics, the OPLS-DA model was used to screen different metabolites. KEGG analysis showed that the two varieties resisted drought through different ways. Amino acid metabolism and lipid metabolism play a key role in drought resistance of the two varieties, respectively. TCA cycle was one of the core pathways of drought resistance in two varieties. Changes in the content of l-Asparagine and citric acid may be one of the reasons for the difference in drought resistance between the two varieties.

Conclusions
We think that the reasons of drought resistance among soybean varieties are as follows: the main metabolic pathways are different under drought stress; the contents of metabolites in these metabolic pathways are different; some physiological indexes are different, such as MDA, CAT, proline content and so on. Our study enhances the understanding of the metabolomic soybean drought stress response and provides a reference for soybean drought resistance breeding.
Coronavirus versus the textile industry: cluster lessons for future challenges
Authors: Puig Francisco , Cantarero Santiago , Verdone Francesco 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSince the pandemic situation was officially declared, part of society was immersed in searching desperately for solutions to combat it. Textile firms addressed with uneven effectiveness the challenge of creating products that helped medical and civil professionals (e.g., personal protection equipment, masks, sanitary material, etc.). To do this, they had to face supply problems, lockdown, and make a significant innovative effort. This work aims to analyze the strategic response of the companies belonging to the Valencian Textile Cluster (VTC) (Spain) to the coronavirus crisis and the territorial factors that influenced it. We carried out a content analysis of the news in the main newspapers during February–July (2020). Our analysis revealed that, on average, VTC firms responded to the challenge more quickly and effectively than other Spanish textile firms. The most influential location-specific factors were the clustering developed, institutional support, and a deep-rooted tradition in producing technical-home textiles, although we also detected that social media collaborated in the process of transferring value information. The influence of all these factors was more intense in the epicenter of the cluster (Ontinyent). Consequently, our results highlight the cluster effect and offer lessons that can help manage unexpected future events more effectively.
A case of monosomy 21 presented with difficult tracheal intubation
Authors: Saito Yoshiki , Chaki Tomohiro , Nishihara Noriaki , Yamakage Michiaki 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Monosomy 21 is a rare chromosomal abnormality. It is mainly associated with mental retardation, intellectual disability, growth retardation, microcephaly, and characteristic facial features. General anesthesia in adults with this disease has not been reported. We report difficult airway management of an adult patient with monosomy 21.

Case description
A 30-year-old female was scheduled for laparoscopic gynecological surgery. She was diagnosed with monosomy 21 at birth and accompanied with mental retardation. Preoperative examination revealed limited mouth opening with Mallampati score of IV, but no abnormal laboratory test or chest X-P. Anesthesia was performed using general anesthesia with epidural analgesia. Although bag-mask ventilation was improved by a muscle relaxant, mouth opening was further restricted, and laryngoscope insertion was impossible. Tracheal intubation was achieved using a bronchofiberscope. The operation procedure was completed, and the patient was discharged from the hospital without any major postoperative complications.

Conclusions
In this patient, mouth opening was further reduced after induction of general anesthesia with a muscle relaxant. Preoperative evaluation and adequate preparation of airway management are important for general anesthesia in an adult patient with monosomy 21.
Randomized Trial of Osilodrostat for the Treatment of Cushing Disease
Authors: Gadelha Mônica , Bex Marie , Feelders Richard A , Heaney Anthony P , Auchus Richard J , Gilis-Januszewska Aleksandra , Witek Przemyslaw , Belaya Zhanna , Yu Yerong , Liao Zhihong , Ku Chih Hao Chen , Carvalho Davide , Roughton Michael , Wojna Judi , Pedroncelli Alberto M , Snyder Peter J 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Context
Cushing disease, a chronic hypercortisolism disorder, is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Normalizing cortisol production is the primary treatment goal.

Objective
We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of osilodrostat, a potent, orally available 11βhydroxylase inhibitor, compared with placebo in patients with Cushing disease.

Methods
LINC 4 was a phase III, multicenter trial comprising an initial 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled (osilodrostat:placebo, 2:1) period followed by a 36-week, open-label treatment period (NCT02697734). Adult patients (aged 18-75 years) with confirmed Cushing disease and mean urinary free cortisol (mUFC) excretion ≥ 1.3 times the upper limit of normal (ULN) were eligible. The primary endpoint was the proportion of randomized patients with mUFC ≤ ULN at week 12. The key secondary endpoint was the proportion achieving mUFC ≤ ULN at week 36 (after 24 weeks’ open-label osilodrostat).

Results
Seventy-three patients (median age, 39 years [range, 19-67]; mean/median mUFC, 3.1 × ULN/2.5 × ULN) received randomized treatment with osilodrostat (n = 48) or placebo (n = 25). At week 12, significantly more osilodrostat (77%) than placebo (8%) patients achieved mUFC ≤ ULN (odds ratio 43.4; 95% CI 7.1, 343.2; P &lt; 0.0001). Response was maintained at week 36, when 81% (95% CI 69.9, 89.1) of all patients achieved mUFC ≤ ULN. The most common adverse events during the placebo-controlled period (osilodrostat vs placebo) were decreased appetite (37.5% vs 16.0%), arthralgia (35.4% vs 8.0%), and nausea (31.3% vs 12.0%).

Conclusion
Osilodrostat rapidly normalized mUFC excretion in most patients with Cushing disease and maintained this effect throughout the study. The safety profile was favorable.
A Cluster Randomized Noninferiority Field Trial of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Screening
Authors: Ramezani Tehrani Fahimeh , Behboudi-Gandevani Samira , Farzadfar Farshad , Hosseinpanah Farhad , Hadaegh Farzad , Khalili Davood , Soleymani-Dodaran Masoud , Valizadeh Majid , Abedini Mehrandokht , Rahmati Maryam , Bidhendi Yarandi Razieh , Torkestani Farahnaz , Abdollahi Zahra , Bakhshandeh Marzieh , Zokaee Mehdi , Amiri Mina , Bidarpour Farzam , Javanbakht Mehdi , Nabipour Iraj , Nasli Esfahani Ensieh , Ostovar Afshin , Azizi Fereidoun 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Context
Although it is well-acknowledged that gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with the increased risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes, the optimal strategy for screening and diagnosis of GDM is still a matter of debate.

Objective
This study was conducted to demonstrate the noninferiority of less strict GDM screening criteria compared with the strict International Association of the Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) criteria with respect to maternal and neonatal outcomes.

Methods
A cluster randomized noninferiority field trial was conducted on 35 528 pregnant women; they were scheduled to have 2 phases of GDM screening based on 5 different prespecified protocols including fasting plasma glucose in the first trimester with threshold of 5.1 mmol/L (92 mg/dL) (protocols A, D) or 5.6 mmol/L (100 mg/dL) (protocols B, C, E) and either a 1-step (GDM is defined if one of the plasma glucose values is exceeded [protocol A and C] or 2 or more exceeded values are needed [protocol B]) or 2-step approach (protocols D, E) in the second trimester. Guidelines for treatment of GDM were consistent with all protocols. Primary outcomes of the study were the prevalence of macrosomia and primary cesarean section (CS). The null hypothesis that less strict protocols are inferior to protocol A (IADPSG) was tested with a noninferiority margin effect (odds ratio) of 1.7.

Results
The percentages of pregnant women diagnosed with GDM and assigned to protocols A, B, C, D, and E were 21.9%, 10.5%, 12.1%, 19.4%, and 8.1%, respectively. Intention-to-treat analyses satisfying the noninferiority of the less strict protocols of B, C, D, and E compared with protocol A. However, noninferiority was not shown for primary CS comparing protocol E with A. The odds ratios (95% CI) for macrosomia and CS were: B (1.01 [0.95-1.08]; 0.85 [0.56-1.28], C (1.03 [0.73-1.47]; 1.16 [0.88-1.51]), D (0.89 [0.68-1.17]; 0.94 [0.61-1.44]), and E (1.05 [0.65-1.69]; 1.33 [0.82-2.00]) vs A. There were no statistically significant differences in the adjusted odds of adverse pregnancy outcomes in the 2-step compared with the 1-step screening approaches, considering multiplicity adjustment.

Conclusions
The IADPSG GDM definition significantly increased the prevalence of GDM diagnosis. However, the less strict approaches were not inferior to other criteria in terms of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes.
Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals and Breast Cancer: Disparities in Exposure and Importance of Research Inclusivity
Authors: Santaliz Casiano Ashlie , Lee Annah , Teteh Dede , Madak Erdogan Zeynep , Treviño Lindsey 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are known contributors to breast cancer development. Exposures to EDCs commonly occur through food packaging, cookware, fabrics, and personal care products, as well as external environmental sources. Increasing evidence highlights disparities in EDC exposure across racial/ethnic groups, yet breast cancer research continues to lack the inclusion necessary to positively impact treatment response and overall survival in socially disadvantaged populations. Additionally, the inequity in environmental exposures has yet to be remedied. Exposure to EDCs due to structural racism poses an unequivocal risk to marginalized communities. In this review, we summarize recent epidemiological and molecular studies on 2 lesser-studied EDCs, the per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and the parabens, the health disparities that exist in EDC exposure between populations, and their association with breast carcinogenesis. We discuss the importance of understanding the relationship between EDC exposure and breast cancer development, particularly to promote efforts to mitigate exposures and improve breast cancer disparities in socially disadvantaged populations.
Estrogen Promotes Microvascularization in the Fetus and Thus Vascular Function and Insulin Sensitivity in Offspring
Authors: Albrecht Eugene D , Aberdeen Graham W , Babischkin Jeffery S , Prior Steven J , Lynch Terrie J , Baranyk Irene A , Pepe Gerald J 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We have shown that normal weight offspring born to estrogen-deprived baboons exhibited insulin resistance, although liver and adipose function and insulin receptor and glucose transporter expression were unaltered. The blood microvessels have an important role in insulin action by delivering insulin and glucose to target cells. Although little is known about the regulation of microvessel development during fetal life, estrogen promotes capillary proliferation and vascular function in the adult. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that estrogen promotes fetal microvessel development and thus vascular function and insulin sensitivity in offspring. Capillary/myofiber ratio was decreased 75% (P &lt; 0.05) in skeletal muscle, a major insulin target tissue, of fetal baboons in which estradiol levels were depleted by administration of aromatase inhibitor letrozole. This was sustained after birth, resulting in a 50% reduction (P &lt; 0.01) in microvessel expansion; 65% decrease (P &lt; 0.01) in arterial flow-mediated dilation, indicative of vascular endothelial dysfunction; and 35% increase (P &lt; 0.01) in blood pressure in offspring from estrogen-deprived baboons, changes prevented by letrozole and estradiol administration. Along with vascular dysfunction, peak insulin and glucose levels during a glucose tolerance test were greater (P &lt; 0.05 to P &lt; 0.01) and the homeostasis model of insulin resistance 2-fold higher (P &lt; 0.01) in offspring of letrozole-treated than untreated animals, indicative of insulin resistance. This study makes the novel discovery that estrogen promotes microvascularization in the fetus and thus normal vascular development and function required for eliciting insulin sensitivity in offspring and that placental hormonal secretions, independent from improper fetal growth, are an important determinant of risk of developing insulin resistance.
Heterogeneity in Epinephrine Response to Experimental Hypoglycemia in Type 1 Diabetes and Controls
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Öz Gülin , Moheet Amir , Kumar Anjali , Alvear Alison , Mangia Silvia , Eberly Lynn , Seaquist Elizabeth R 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Context
The epinephrine response (Epi) to a first episode of hypoglycemia (HG) has been proposed to be predictive of Epi in subsequent HG and to provide insight into the risk for developing HG-associated autonomic failure (HAAF) in healthy controls (HCs).

Objective
To determine if Epi and symptom response (SR) to the first episode of HG predicts who will develop HAAF after exposure to recurrent HG in volunteers with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and in HCs.

Design
Review of data collected between 2013 and 2019.

Setting
Academic clinical research unit.

Patients or Participants
Volunteers with T1D and HCs.

Interventions
Subjects participated in a preinduction protocol where they were exposed to three 2-hour episodes of clamped HG over 2 days. Data collected during clamp 1 were compared with data collected during clamp 3.

Main outcome measure
Difference in Epi and SR.

Results
Using the standard definition of HAAF in which HG-induced Epi during clamp 3 is at least 20% lower than during clamp 1, 21/28 HCs and 13/19 volunteers with T1D developed HAAF. Epi during clamp 1 was significantly higher in those subjects who developed HAAF than in those who did not in both groups (P = 0.02). If HAAF is defined as achieving a 20% reduction in HG-induced SR measured during clamp 3 compared with clamp 1, 10/27 HCs and 10/19 volunteers with T1D developed SR-based HAAF.

Conclusion
There was heterogeneity in the response to the preinduction protocol. Epi during clamp 1 was higher than in clamp 3 in HCs and in those with T1D who developed HAAF.
Muscle fat infiltration but not muscle cross-sectional area is independently associated with bone mineral density at the lumbar spine
Authors: Yang Qian , Yan Dong , Wang Ling , Li Kai , Liang Wei , Zhang Wei , Liu Yan Dong , Li Xiao Min , Blake Glen M , Konerth Natalie , Cheng Xiaoguang , Tian Wei , Hind Karen 
Published: March 2022

Objective:
Although sarcopenia and osteoporosis are inter-related conditions that are common with advancing age, few studies have explored relationships between muscle quality and bone mineral density (BMD). We investigated age- and sex-specific paraspinal muscle fat infiltration (MFI), muscle cross-sectional area (CSA), and spine volumetric BMD (vBMD) in healthy Chinese adults.

Methods:
605 healthy adults aged 20–59 years (340 women, mean age 39.2 years; 265 men, mean age 38.8 years) had axial T 2WI MRI imaging of the lumbar spine and CSA (cm2) and MFI (%) were measured in the psoas and multifidus and erector spinae (MF-ES) muscles (L3–L4). MFI measurements were calibrated against a region of interest in an adjacent area of subcutaneous pure fat. L2–L4 vBMD was measured by quantitative CT. Age- and sex-specific subgroups were compared using the Mann–Whitney test. Multiple regression was used to test independent associations of MFI and CSA with vBMD.

Results:
Females had lower CSA and higher MFI than males in both the psoas and MF-ES muscles (p &lt; 0.001). In females and males, MF-ES MFI increased with age (p &lt; 0.001) and in females age-related increases were observed for the psoas muscles (p &lt; 0.05). Greater fat infiltration of the MS-ES muscle unit was associated with lower vBMD in both sexes (p &lt; 0.001) but not with CSA. Following adjustment for demographic variables and CSA, MS-ES MFI remained predictive of vBMD (β = −0.408 to −0.157, p &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion:
We have demonstrated that, independent of CSA and demographic variables, MFI of the MF-ES muscles is predictive of lower lumbar spine vBMD in both sexes.

Advances in knowledge:
This is the first study to demonstrate that, independent of muscle size and demographic variables, MFI of the paraspinal MF-ES muscles is predictive of lower lumbar spine vBMD in both sexes.
Ethnic differences in kidney function in childhood: the Born in Bradford Cohort Renal Study
Authors: Ziauddeen Nida , Jeffrey Robin F. , Waiblinger Dagmar , Fraser Simon D.S. , Alwan Nisreen A. , Yuen Ho M. , Azad Rafaq , Mason Dan , Wright John , Coward Richard J.M. , Roderick Paul J. 
Published: March 2022

Background: Endstage kidney failure rates are higher in South Asians than in White Europeans. Low birth weight is associated with adult chronic kidney disease and is more common in South Asians. Foetal kidney size was smaller in South Asians in the Born in Bradford (BiB) birth cohort. As part of BiB follow up, we aimed to investigate if there were ethnic differences in kidney function and blood pressure in early childhood and whether this was mediated by foetal kidney size. Methods: Serum creatinine, cystatin C, urea, and urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR), protein to creatinine ratio (PCR) and retinol binding protein (RBP) were analysed in blood and urine samples from those who participated in the BiB follow-up at 7-11 years. Ethnicity was categorised by parental self-report as White European and South Asian. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated using Schwartz, and cystatin C Zappitelli and Filler equations. Linear regression was used to examine the association between ethnicity and eGFR, PCR and blood pressure. Results: 1591 children provided blood (n=1403) or urine (n=625) samples. Mean eGFR was 92 ml/min/1.73m2 (standard deviation (SD) 9) using Schwartz (n=1156) and 94 (SD 11) using Zappitelli (n=1257). CKD prevalence was rare (1 with eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73m2, 14 (2.4%) had raised ACR (>2.5 mg/mmol in boys/3.5 mg/mmol in girls). Diastolic blood pressure was higher in South Asian children (difference 2.04 mmHg, 95% CI 0.99 to 3.10) but was not significant in adjusted analysis. There was no evidence of association in adjusted models between ethnicity and any eGFR or urinary measure at this age. Conclusions: There was no evidence of significant ethnic differences in kidney function at pre-pubertal age despite differences in kidney volume at birth. Longitudinal follow-up is required to track ethnic patterns in kidney function and blood pressure as children develop through puberty.