bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diffraction pattern recognition using deep semantic segmentation
Authors: Markovic Magdalena , Malehmir Reza , Malehmir Alireza 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTDiffraction imaging can help better understand small‐scale geological structures. Due to their often‐weak signal, in order to image them, it is necessary to separate diffraction signals from the rest of the wavefield. Many different methods have been developed for diffraction wavefield separation, and the newest trend includes the application of artificial neural networks and deep learning. Available case studies with a deep‐learning approach for diffraction separation show good results when applied to synthetic and sedimentary setting datasets where diffraction signals are either strong or have pronounced characteristics. Examples, however, are missing from crystalline or hardrock geological settings where the signal‐to‐noise ratio is by far lower and diffraction signals are usually within a complex reflectivity medium, have steep tails and are usually incomplete. In this study, we showcase the application of a deep semantic segmentation model on synthetic seismic, real ground‐penetrating radar, and hardrock seismic datasets. Synthetic seismic sections were generated using different random noise levels and coherent noise resembling a complex reflectivity pattern interfering with diffraction tails. For the real GPR dataset, diffraction signals were successfully delineated, although in some locations reflections were picked up because of their similar pixel values as the apex of the diffractions. As for the real seismic dataset, through a number of approaches, we were able to completely delineate a single diffraction within several inlines that was generated from a massive sulphide body. The algorithm also enabled us to recognize an incomplete diffraction, at the edge of the seismic cube, which was never labelled. This diffraction originated from outside of the seismic volume and may be a target for future mineral exploration programmes, thanks to the deep semantic segmentation algorithm providing this possibility.
Interfacial properties of multicomponent plasma‐modified high‐performance fiber‐reinforced composites: A review
Authors: Fang Chunyue , Zhou Yuhan , Jia Lixia , Yan Ruosi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study reveals the interfacial properties of multicomponent plasma with four aspects, including cleaning, etching, functionalization, and polymerization. Particles formed by plasma ionization collide to form volatile groups, which can interact with the surface to form volatile substances that clean the surface. The multicomponent plasma etching effect on the surface is significant, and O2 and N2 may interact to improve oxidation capacity. Inert gas argon (Ar) can be combined with reactive gases O2, N2, and NH3 to introduce hydroxyl and amine groups and other active groups to change the surface's chemical structure. When a multicomponent plasma polymerizes, a film forms on the surface, changing the chemical composition. The cross‐linking of gases has a positive effect on the properties of the deposited layer as well. The treatment of various fiber materials, nanoparticles, polymer films, and matrix materials with multicomponent plasma is summarized. The multicomponent plasma significantly improves surface wettability and roughness, and oxygen species aid in the etching of nanomaterials, which improves interface properties. The gas types determine the groups introduced to the surface and the surface attachment site.
State of the art of antenatal diagnosis and management of vein of Galen aneurysmal malformations
Authors: Gillet de Thorey Axelle , Ozanne Augustin , Melki Judith , Dumery Grégoire , Benachi Alexandra , Vivanti Alexandre J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractVein of Galen aneurysmal malformation (VGAM) is a severe rare vascular anomaly whose prognosis depends on cerebral and cardiac consequences that can be hard to diagnose, let alone predict in utero. We performed an updated review to summarize current research on the genetics, ultrasound and MRI of VGAM that could help in the diagnosis and management of VGAM. Prenatal diagnosis of VGAM has greatly improved in recent years. Ultrasound allows in utero detection of VGAM in most cases now and is the best exam for prenatal cardiac evaluation. Tricuspid insufficiency is the only cardiac feature associated with poor prognosis. Cardiomegaly may indicate a risk of cardiac failure at birth and should prompt discussion of birth in a specialized facility. Ultrasound can identify constituted cerebral lesions, but MRI diagnoses early signs of cerebral hemodynamic changes, notably through the detection of pseudo‐feeders. Genetic exploration should be proposed after VGAM diagnosis. Ultrasound and MRI are essential complementary tools for the diagnosis of VGAM, but also for prognostic evaluation, and provide information for the counseling of parents and optimal management of the pregnancy.
Imparting low dielectric constant and high toughness to polyimide via physical blending with trifluoropropyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane
Authors: Chen Zhigeng , Zhang Ying , Zhao Jianqing , Mo Yueqi , Liu Shumei 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPolyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) is commonly used to lower the dielectric constant of polyimide (PI), but the toughness generally deteriorates. In this paper, trifluoropropyl POSS (FPOSS) is surprisingly found to impart superior dielectric constant and toughness to PI, even though the phase separation and aggregation of FPOSS are observed due to the thermodynamical immiscibility between FPOSS and PI. The dielectric constant of FPOSS/PI with 2.0 wt% FPOSS is reduced to 2.47 from 3.17. Furthermore, the tensile energy to break of FPOSS/PI is unexpectedly increased to 10.2 MJ/m3 from 3.3 MJ/m3, indicating the great improvement in toughness. The toughening mechanism is ascribed to the debonding of FPOSS aggregates from PI matrix with a void growth during tensile test. Meanwhile, lateral coalescence of the voids is avoided due to the adequate inter‐aggregate distance when the width of the ligaments between the aggregates decreases with elongation of matrix.
Rivers: Linking nature, life, and civilization
Authors: Wang Hao , He Guohua 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRivers are basic natural resources supporting ecosystems and human societies, and the health of rivers is crucial to the Earth's sustainable development. Under the profound influence of climate change and human activities, great changes have recently occurred in the circulation and development of rivers, as well as the ways in which they are utilized. In this context, achieving an effective balance between river protection and human development is necessary. In this paper, the essential role of rivers is discussed from three aspects: the formation and evolution of rivers, the shaping of biodiversity, and the cultivation of human civilization. The paper analyzes the challenges brought to the sustainable development of rivers by climate change, human activities, and increased water demand, and proposes four dimensions of future research: scientifically balancing the relationship between river development and protection, improving the adaptability of river development and utilization in the context of climate change, improving the integrity and intelligence level of river management, and building a more fair and sustainable comprehensive river management model.
Recent Advances in Realizing Highly Aligned Organic Semiconductors by Solution‐Processing Approaches
Authors: Wu Zeng , Yan Yongkun , Zhao Yan , Liu Yunqi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSolution‐processing approaches are widely used for controlling the aggregation structure of organic semiconductors because they are fast, efficient, and have strong practicability. Effective regulation of the aggregation structure of molecules to achieve highly ordered molecular stacking is key to realizing effective carrier transport and high‐performance devices. Numerous studies have achieved highly aligned organic semiconductors using different solution‐processing approaches. This article provides a detailed review of the prevalent solution‐processing technologies and emerging methods developed over the past few years for the alignment of organic semiconducting materials. These technologies and methods are classified according to the processing principle. This review focuses on the principles of different experimental techniques, improvements upon the conventional methods, and state‐of‐the‐art performance of resulting devices. In addition, a brief discussion of the characteristics and development prospects of various methods is presented.
Helicopter‐based immobilization of moose using butorphanol–azaperone–medetomidine
Authors: Levine Rebecca L. , Dwinnell Samantha P. H. , Kroger Bart , Class Corey , Monteith Kevin L. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractChemical immobilization is an important tool for the capture, study, and management of wildlife. Increased regulation of traditional opioids has necessitated a search for alternative drugs in wildlife capture. Butorphanol–azaperone–medetomidine (BAM) is one promising alternative that has been used in a range of taxa, though often on medium‐size mammals using ground‐based methods. We tested the efficacy of BAM via remote delivery from a helicopter in a wild population of moose (Alces alces shirasi) in northwestern Wyoming. In March 2020 and 2021, we immobilized male (n = 15) and female (n = 26) moose with butorphanol (0.20 mg/kg), azaperone (0.066 mg/kg), and medetomidine (0.079 mg/kg), with antagonists atipamezole (0.495–0.527 mg/kg) and naltrexone (0.124–0.151 mg/kg) to reverse immobilizations. Mean induction (x̄ ± SE; 9.2 ± 0.6 min) and mean recovery times (7.2 ± 0.5 min) were longer but still comparable to published instances of moose captured using traditional chemical immobilizers (carfentanil, etorphine, thiafentanil). All animals survived >60 days post‐capture. Our findings add to a body of work demonstrating that BAM provides rapid inductions, reliable sedation, and quick reversals in a variety of taxa and by aerial remote delivery.
Creation and Use of “Compensation” Habitats—An Integrated Approach
Authors: Loy Georg , Reckendorfer Walter 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe implementation of the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) is a major challenge on large rivers. The current focus in applied fisheries science and in the implementation of the WFD is on fish passage and especially on hydraulic design parameters of fishways. This shifts attention from other important issues that must be addressed to reach the goals of the WFD. We believe that the requirements formulated in the WFD cannot be achieved by measures to improve fish passage alone. To achieve the objectives the improvement of habitat conditions, especially key habitat types such as permanently connected side arms, which provide spawning grounds and nurseries for rheophilic fish is required. We present an integrated approach which goes beyond upstream connectivity and prioritizes the creation and connection of habitats before the implementation of pure fish passage. The approach is based on a concept to compensate for the lack in gravel transportation and its function for the lithophilous fish community. The main ecological functions of gravel for fish such as providing spawning grounds and nurseries can be provided in connected and restructured tributaries, at shores with removed bank protection and in newly created bypass rivers.
Costs of Ecological Mitigation at Hydropower Plants
Authors: Venus Terese E. , Smialek Nicole , Adeva-Bustos Ana , Pander Joachim , Geist Juergen 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAlthough the costs of fish-related mitigation measures can play an important role in the adoption of mitigation measures, there is relatively little information about this aspect. This chapter presents an overview of the range of costs for different mitigation measures and compares their magnitudes. As many mitigation measures are adopted in combination, one of the challenges related to cost analysis is the lack of disaggregated cost data. Thus, this chapter also reviews costs of adopting combined mitigation measures such as morphological changes and environmental flow. In turn, case studies demonstrate how to compare costs if multiple types of mitigation measures are adopted.
Semi-annihilating dark matter coupled with Majorons
Authors: Miyagi Takumi , Toma Takashi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The thermal production mechanism of dark matter is attractive and well-motivated by predictivity. A representative of this type of dark matter candidate is the canonical, weakly interacting massive particles. An alternative is semi-annihilating dark matter, which exhibits different phenomenological aspects from the former example. In this study, we constructed a model of dark matter semi-annihilating into a pair of anti-dark matter and a Majoron based on a global U(1)B−L symmetry, and show that semi-annihilation induces the core formation of dark matter halos, which can alleviate the so-called small-scale problems. In addition, the box-shaped spectrum of neutrinos was produced by the subsequent decay of the Majoron. This can be a distinctive signature of the dark matter in the model. We find a parameter space where the produced neutrinos can be detected by the future large-volume neutrino detector Hyper-Kamiokande. We also compared the dark matter scenario with the case of halo core formation by the strongly self-interacting dark matter.
Designing electrochemical microfluidic multiplexed biosensors for on-site applications
Authors: Glatz Regina T. , Ates H. Ceren , Mohsenin Hasti , Weber Wilfried , Dincer Can 
Published: July 2022

AbstractClinical assessment based on a single biomarker is in many circumstances not sufficient for adequate diagnosis of a disease or for monitoring its therapy. Multiplexing, the measurement of multiple analytes from one sample and/or of the same target from different samples simultaneously, could enhance the accuracy of the diagnosis of diseases and their therapy success. Thus, there is a great and urgent demand for multiplexed biosensors allowing a low-cost, easy-to-use, and rapid on-site testing. In this work, we present a simple, flexible, and highly scalable strategy for implementing microfluidic multiplexed electrochemical biosensors (BiosensorX). Our technology is able to detect 4, 6, or 8 (different) analytes or samples simultaneously using a sequential design concept: multiple immobilization areas, where the assay components are adsorbed, followed by their individual electrochemical cells, where the amperometric signal readout takes place, within a single microfluidic channel. Here, first we compare vertical and horizontal designs of BiosensorX chips using a model assay. Owing to its easier handling and superior fluidic behavior, the vertical format is chosen as the final multiplexed chip design. Consequently, the feasibility of the BiosensorX for multiplexed on-site testing is successfully demonstrated by measuring meropenem antibiotics via an antibody-free β-lactam assay. The multiplexed biosensor platform introduced can be further extended for the simultaneous detection of other anti-infective agents and/or biomarkers (such as renal or inflammation biomarkers) as well as different (invasive and non-invasive) sample types, which would be a major step towards sepsis management and beyond.
Graphical Abstract
Existence, Uniqueness and Asymptotic Behavior of Parametric Anisotropic (p, q)-Equations with Convection
Authors: Vetro Francesca , Winkert Patrick 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this paper we study anisotropic weighted (p, q)-equations with a parametric right-hand side depending on the gradient of the solution. Under very general assumptions on the data and by using a topological approach, we prove existence and uniqueness results and study the asymptotic behavior of the solutions when both the $$q(\cdot )$$

q
(
·
)

-Laplacian on the left-hand side and the reaction term are modulated by a parameter. Moreover, we present some properties of the solution sets with respect to the parameters.
Accuracy of pedicle screw placement using neuronavigation based on intraoperative 3D rotational fluoroscopy in the thoracic and lumbar spine
Authors: Conrads Nora , Grunz Jan-Peter , Huflage Henner , Luetkens Karsten Sebastian , Feldle Philipp , Grunz Katharina , Köhler Stefan , Westermaier Thomas 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Introduction
In spinal surgery, precise instrumentation is essential. This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of navigated, O-arm-controlled screw positioning in thoracic and lumbar spine instabilities.

Materials and methods
Posterior instrumentation procedures between 2010 and 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. Pedicle screws were placed using 3D rotational fluoroscopy and neuronavigation. Accuracy of screw placement was assessed using a 6-grade scoring system. In addition, screw length was analyzed in relation to the vertebral body diameter. Intra- and postoperative revision rates were recorded.

Results
Thoracic and lumbar spine surgery was performed in 285 patients. Of 1704 pedicle screws, 1621 (95.1%) showed excellent positioning in 3D rotational fluoroscopy imaging. The lateral rim of either pedicle or vertebral body was protruded in 25 (1.5%) and 28 screws (1.6%), while the midline of the vertebral body was crossed in 8 screws (0.5%). Furthermore, 11 screws each (0.6%) fulfilled the criteria of full lateral and medial displacement. The median relative screw length was 92.6%. Intraoperative revision resulted in excellent positioning in 58 of 71 screws. Follow-up surgery due to missed primary malposition had to be performed for two screws in the same patient. Postsurgical symptom relief was reported in 82.1% of patients, whereas neurological deterioration occurred in 8.9% of cases with neurological follow-up.

Conclusions
Combination of neuronavigation and 3D rotational fluoroscopy control ensures excellent accuracy in pedicle screw positioning. As misplaced screws can be detected reliably and revised intraoperatively, repeated surgery for screw malposition is rarely required.
Cytomegalovirus Infection Is Associated with Development of Chronic Lung Allograft Dysfunction
Authors: Bennett David , Bergantini Laura , Ferrara Pierluigi , Cusi Maria Grazia , Scolletta Sabino , Montagnani Francesca , Paladini Piero , Sestini Piersante , Refini Rosa Metella , Luzzi Luca , Fossi Antonella , Bargagli Elena 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the major and most common opportunistic infection complicating lung transplant (LTX). The aim of this study was to analyse the epidemiological aspects of CMV infection in lung transplant patients subject to a pre-emptive anti-CMV approach and to study the impact of this infection on lung transplant outcome, in terms of onset of chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD).

Methods
This single-centre retrospective study enrolled 87 LTX patients (median age 55.81 years; 41 females, 23 single LTX, 64 bilateral LTX). All patients were managed with a pre-emptive anti-CMV approach. The incidences of the first episode of CMV infection, 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after LTX, were 12.64%, 44.26%, 50.77% and 56.14%. A median interval of 41 days elapsed between LTX and the first episode of CMV infection. The median blood load of CMV-DNA at diagnosis was 20,385 cp/ml; in 67.64% of cases, it was also the peak value. Patients who had at least one episode had shorter CLAD-free survival. Patients who had three or more episodes of CMV infection had the worst outcome.

Results
CMV infection was confirmed to be a common event in lung transplant patients, particularly in the first three months after transplant. It had a negative impact on transplant outcome, being a major risk factor for CLAD. The hypothesis that lower viral replication thresholds may increase the risk of CLAD is interesting and deserves further investigation.
A thermomechanical finite strain shape memory alloy model and its application to bistable actuators
Authors: Sielenkämper Marian , Wulfinghoff Stephan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis work presents a thermomechanical finite strain shape memory alloy model that utilizes a projection method to deal with the incompressibility constraint on inelastic strains. Due to its finite strain formulation, it is able to accurately predict the behavior of shape memory alloys with high transformation strains. The key feature of this model is the thermomechanical modeling of the shape memory effect and superelastic behavior by optimizing a global, incremental mixed thermomechanical potential, the variation of which yields the linear momentum balance, the energy balance, the evolution equations of the internal variables as well as boundary conditions of Neumann- and Robin-type. The proposed thermal strain model allows to properly capture transformation induced volume changes, which occur in some shape memory alloys. A finite strain dissipation potential is formulated, which incorporates the disappearance of inelastic strains upon austenite transformation. This important property is consistently transferred to the time-discrete potential using a logarithmic strain formulation. Yield and transformation criteria are derived from the dual dissipation potential. The implementation based on an active set search and the algorithmically consistent linearization are discussed in detail. The model is applied in three-dimensional simulations of a bistable actuator design to explore its capabilities.
The Tail of the Length of an Excursion in a Trap of Random Size
Authors: Gantert Nina , Klenke Achim 
Published: July 2022

AbstractConsider a random walk with a drift to the right on$$\{0,\ldots ,k\}$${0,…,k}wherekis random and geometrically distributed. We show that the tail$${\mathbb {P}}[T>t]$$P[T>t]of the lengthTof an excursion from 0 decreases up to constants like$$t^{-\varrho }$$t-ϱfor some$$\varrho >0$$ϱ>0but is not regularly varying. We compute the oscillations of$$t^\varrho \,{\mathbb {P}}[T>t]$$tϱP[T>t]as$$t\rightarrow \infty $$t→∞explicitly.
Proximal Gradient Algorithms Under Local Lipschitz Gradient Continuity
Authors: De Marchi Alberto , Themelis Andreas 
Published: July 2022

AbstractComposite optimization offers a powerful modeling tool for a variety of applications and is often numerically solved by means of proximal gradient methods. In this paper, we consider fully nonconvex composite problems under only local Lipschitz gradient continuity for the smooth part of the objective function. We investigate an adaptive scheme for PANOC-type methods (Stella et al. in Proceedings of the IEEE 56th CDC, 2017), namely accelerated linesearch algorithms requiring only the simple oracle of proximal gradient. While including the classical proximal gradient method, our theoretical results cover a broader class of algorithms and provide convergence guarantees for accelerated methods with possibly inexact computation of the proximal mapping. These findings have also significant practical impact, as they widen scope and performance of existing, and possibly future, general purpose optimization software that invoke PANOC as inner solver.
A hysteretic model of localized frictional contacts with instrumental stiffness
Authors: Argatov I. , Voll L. , Popov V. L. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe steady-state dynamic response of a single-degree-of-freedom system comprising both a hysteretic element and a spring is considered. The Hertz–Cattaneo–Mindlin theoretical framework for modeling of local tangential contact with friction is applied in conjunction with the Masing model of hysteresis to describe the hysteretic behavior of the multiple localized frictional contact interface. The steady-state tangential displacement amplitude of a rigid body under harmonic tangential force excitation is approximately determined by means of the equivalent linearization technique, based on the harmonic balance principle. A special attention is paid to the evaluation of the frictional damping and the determination of the backbone curve of the Masing model from the dissipation-amplitude relation.