bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systemic exertion intolerance disease associated to neuroendocrine dysfunction and cortical atrophy: a case report
Authors: López-Amador Noé 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
Scarce evidence about the organic and functional abnormalities of systemic exertion intolerance disease (SEID) is found in literature and the pathophysiology is still unclear.

Methods
Following the CARE Guidelines, this case report describes a patient with a 5-year history of nonspecific symptoms, lately recognized as SEID.

Results
Low serum thyroid- and adrenocorticotropic stimulating hormone levels, and 24-h urinary cortisol excretion almost twice the upper limit were detected. Computed tomography scan found significant cortical atrophy. Low-dose modafinil improved the clinical outcome, added to nonpharmacologic approach.

Conclusion
To ascertain an accurate SEID diagnosis and treatment are a challenge in daily clinical practice, that must be engaged based in clear methods and good practice recommendations. Thus, family practitioners should be aware of this diagnosis.
Three-dimensional seismic anisotropy in the Pacific upper mantle from inversion of a surface-wave dispersion data set
Authors: Eddy Celia L , Ekström Göran , Nettles Meredith 
Published: May 2022

SUMMARYWe present a new, 3-D model of seismic velocity and anisotropy in the Pacific upper mantle, PAC13E. We invert a data set of single-station surface-wave phase-anomaly measurements sensitive only to Pacific structure for the full set of 13 anisotropic parameters that describe surface-wave anisotropy. Realistic scaling relationships for surface-wave azimuthal anisotropy are calculated from petrological information about the oceanic upper mantle and are used to help constrain the model. The strong age dependence in the oceanic velocities associated with plate cooling is also used as a priori information to constrain the model. We find strong radial anisotropy with vSH &gt; vSV in the upper mantle; the signal peaks at depths of 100–160 km. We observe an age dependence in the depth of peak anisotropy and the thickness of the anisotropic layer, which both increase with seafloor age, but see little age dependence in the depth to the top of the radially anisotropic layer. We also find strong azimuthal anisotropy, which typically peaks in the asthenosphere. The azimuthal anisotropy at asthenospheric depths aligns better with absolute-plate-motion directions while the anisotropy within the lithosphere aligns better with palaeospreading directions. The relative strengths of radial and azimuthal anisotropy are consistent with A-type olivine fabric. Our findings are generally consistent with an explanation in which corner flow at the ridge leads to the development and freezing-in of anisotropy in the lithosphere, and shear between the lithosphere and underlying asthenosphere leads to anisotropy beneath the plate. We also observe large regions within the Pacific basin where the orientation of anisotropy and the absolute-plate-motion direction differ; this disagreement suggests the presence of shear in the asthenosphere that is not aligned with absolute-plate-motion directions. Azimuthal-anisotropy orientation rotates with depth; the depth of the maximum vertical gradient in the fast-axis orientation tends to be age dependent and agrees well with a thermally controlled lithosphere–asthenosphere boundary. We observe that azimuthal-anisotropy strength at shallow depths depends on half-spreading rate, with higher spreading rates associated with stronger anisotropy. Our model implies that corner flow is more efficient at aligning olivine to form lattice-preferred orientation anisotropy fabrics in the asthenosphere when the spreading rate at the ridge is higher.
Identifying candidate genes and drug targets for Alzheimer’s disease by an integrative network approach using genetic and brain region-specific proteomic data
Authors: Liu Andi , Manuel Astrid M , Dai Yulin , Fernandes Brisa S , Enduru Nitesh , Jia Peilin , Zhao Zhongming 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGenome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified more than 75 genetic variants associated with Alzheimer’s disease (ad). However, how these variants function and impact protein expression in brain regions remain elusive. Large-scale proteomic datasets of ad postmortem brain tissues have become available recently. In this study, we used these datasets to investigate brain region-specific molecular pathways underlying ad pathogenesis and explore their potential drug targets. We applied our new network-based tool, Edge-Weighted Dense Module Search of GWAS (EW_dmGWAS), to integrate ad GWAS statistics of 472 868 individuals with proteomic profiles from two brain regions from two large-scale ad cohorts [parahippocampal gyrus (PHG), sample size n = 190; dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), n = 192]. The resulting network modules were evaluated using a scale-free network index, followed by a cross-region consistency evaluation. Our EW_dmGWAS analyses prioritized 52 top module genes (TMGs) specific in PHG and 58 TMGs in DLPFC, of which four genes (CLU, PICALM, PRRC2A and NDUFS3) overlapped. Those four genes were significantly associated with ad (GWAS gene-level false discovery rate &lt; 0.05). To explore the impact of these genetic components on TMGs, we further examined their differentially co-expressed genes at the proteomic level and compared them with investigational drug targets. We pinpointed three potential drug target genes, APP, SNCA and VCAM1, specifically in PHG. Gene set enrichment analyses of TMGs in PHG and DLPFC revealed region-specific biological processes, tissue-cell type signatures and enriched drug signatures, suggesting potential region-specific drug repurposing targets for ad.
Bidirectional Correlations Between Health Confidence and Inflammatory Bowel Disease Activity: A Nationwide Longitudinal Cohort Study
Authors: Tse Chung Sang , Melmed Gil Y , Siegel Corey A , Weng Chien-Hsiang , Shah Samir A , Weaver S Alandra , Oliver Brant J , Elwyn Glyn , van Deen Welmoed K 
Published: May 2022

Lay Summary
Health confidence—an individual’s belief in their ability and agency to affect disease outcomes—has bidirectional temporal correlations with inflammatory bowel disease activity. Low health confidence is associated with higher risks for future disease activity, and inflammatory bowel disease flares erode confidence.
Endoscopic vein harvesting: a guide for approaching difficult cases and assessing patients preoperatively
Authors: Siddiqui Sadiq , Whooley Jack , Miceli Antonio , Bartolozzi Fabio , Soo Alan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Coronary artery bypass grafting remains the most commonly performed cardiac surgical procedure worldwide. The long saphenous vein still presides as the first choice conduit as a second graft in multivessel coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. Traditionally, the long saphenous vein has been harvested with an open approach which can potentially result in significant wound complications in certain circumstances. Endoscopic vein harvesting is a minimally invasive vein harvesting technique, which requires a single 2–3 cm incision and is associated with a quicker return to normal daily activities, decreased wound complications and better quality of life in the longer term. There is a learning curve associated with endoscopic vein harvesting adoption and there are certain patient factors that can prove to be challenging when adopting an endoscopic approach. This commentary aims to provide a concise guide of certain challenging patient factors that operators may encounter during endoscopic vein harvesting, and how to approach these patients in both the preoperative and intraoperative settings. We suggest that with appropriate planning and awareness of the challenging patient factors and problematic venous anatomy that exists, the operator can consistently formulate a strategy for ensuring a successful endoscopic harvest.
Ruxolitinib withdrawal complicating emergency aortic root replacement
Authors: Szpytma Malgorzata (Maggie) , Gimpel Damian , Crouch Gareth , Bennetts Jayme S 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Ruxolitinib, a Janus kinase inhibitor, is associated with severe withdrawal phenomena. Adequate tapering is often underemphasized in surgical emergencies and can complicate the postoperative course. We present a case of acute ruxolitinib withdrawal in a gentleman undergoing emergency cardiac surgery
Three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiographic morphological evaluation of the tricuspid valve
Authors: Kawase Takumi , Takahashi Yosuke , Ito Asahiro , Yoshida Hisako , Sumii Yosuke , Nishiya Kenta , Kishimoto Noriaki , Yamane Kokoro , Sakon Yoshito , Morisaki Akimasa , Fujii Hiromichi , Shibata Toshihiko 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The morphology of the tricuspid valve (TV), particularly valves with two posterior leaflets, is attracting attention. The present study was performed to investigate the usefulness of three-dimensional transoesophageal echocardiographic data for morphological evaluation of the TV .

METHODS
Sixty patients underwent morphological evaluation of the TV by preoperative transoesophageal echocardiography followed by TV repair with median sternotomy, and each leaflet was measured intraoperatively. We analysed the TV morphology in 51 patients whose preoperative echocardiographic findings were consistent with intraoperative findings.

RESULTS
The mid-systolic echo data, which included the annulus diameter of each leaflet, were correlated with the intraoperative evaluation findings compared with those in the mid-diastole. The annulus and area of the posterior leaflet were larger in patients with two than one posterior leaflet valve (42.4 ± 13.5 vs 30.7 ± 9.1 mm, P &lt; 0.001 and 327 ± 185 vs 208 ± 77 mm2, P = 0.006, respectively). In the severe tricuspid regurgitation patients, the annulus of the posterior leaflet was larger and the annulus of the anterior leaflet was smaller in patients with two than one posterior leaflet valve [posterior: 48 mm [95% confidence interval (CI), 41–54 mm] vs 36 mm (95% CI, 27–45 mm), respectively; P = 0.043 and anterior: 38 mm (95% CI, 33–42 mm) vs 46 mm (95% CI, 40–52 mm), respectively; P = 0.025].

CONCLUSIONS
Patients who had a TV with two posterior leaflets had a larger annulus and area of the posterior leaflets. Preoperative three-dimensional transoesophageal echocardiography is useful for the morphological evaluation of the TV.
Very-long-term outcomes of mechanical valves in mitral position focusing on valve-related complications
Authors: Uchino Gaku , Murakami Hirohisa , Mukohara Nobuhiko , Tanaka Hiroshi , Nomura Yoshikatsu , Miyahara Shunsuke , Kawashima Motoharu , Fujisue Jun , Tonoki Shuto 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to examine very-long-term outcomes of a mechanical valve at the mitral position.

METHODS
This study included all patients who underwent mitral valve replacement (MVR) using a mechanical valve including urgent operation at the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hyogo Brain and Heart Center, Himeji, from January 1987 to December 2015.

RESULTS
Five hundred and eighty-three patients (277 men [47.51%]; age, 61 [54–67] years) were included in this study. The implanted valve models were as follows: SJM, 221 (37.91%); ATS, 35 (6.00%); On-X, 68 (11.66%); and Carbomedics 194, (33.28%).The median clinical follow-up duration was 13.3 (7.4–19.6) years. The survival rates at 10, 15, 20 and 25 years were 81.42%, 69.27%, 56.34% and 45.03%, respectively. Thromboembolism was observed in 38 patients, and the linearized ratio for each event was 0.626%/patient-year [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.443–0.859%]. Intracranial haemorrhage and gastrointestinal bleeding were observed in 26 and 9 patients, and the linearized ratio for each event was 0.425%/patient-year (95% CI, 0.277–0.006%) and 0.145%/patient-year (95% CI, 0.067–0.276%), respectively. Major paravalvular leak was observed in 32 patients, and the linearized ratio was 0.532%/patient-year (95% CI, 0.364%–0.751%). The cumulative incidence rate of major paravalvular leak at 10, 15, 20 and 25 years was 3.7%, 5.6%, 6.4% and 10.4%, respectively. Multivariable Cox regression analysis revealed that repeated MVR and male gender were associated with major paravalvular leak.

CONCLUSIONS
Male gender and repeated MVR were risk factors for paravalvular leak after mechanical MVR. Paravalvular leak could have occurred regardless of postoperative period even at 25 years after implantation. Lifelong clinical follow-up is considered necessary.
Depression is associated with delirium after cardiac surgery—a population-based cohort study
Authors: Falk Anna , Kåhlin Jessica , Nymark Carolin , Hultgren Rebecka , Stenman Malin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Depression is common in patients with cardiac disease, and preoperative depression is associated with worse outcomes after cardiac surgery. Depression is also correlated with postoperative delirium (POD) after major surgery. However, the association between preoperative depression and POD after cardiac surgery is sparsely studied. The aim of this study was to investigate depression as a predictor for POD in cardiac surgery patients.

METHODS
This population-based cohort study included 1133 cardiac surgery patients in Stockholm 2013–2016. Depression was defined by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and POD was evaluated by assessing medical records for symptoms of POD according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders criteria. The association between depression and POD was determined through multivariable logistic regression analysis.

RESULTS
A total of 162 (14%) individuals reported depressive symptoms preoperatively. The incidence of POD was 26% and highest among elderly patients. Among patients with depression, 34% developed POD. In the group of non-depressed patients, 24% developed POD. The overall adjusted odds of delirium were 2.19 times higher in individuals with depressive symptoms compared to controls (95% confidence interval 1.43–3.34). The onset of delirium was most common on Days 0–2 after surgery.

CONCLUSIONS
This unique population-based study in patients undergoing cardiac surgery shows that preoperative depression is associated with POD in a large proportion of treated patients. The findings support the need for improved preoperative screening for depression, especially in younger patients, and enhanced clinical surveillance in the early postoperative period for all patients.
A Distinct Dexamethasone-Dependent Gene Expression Profile in the Lungs of COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Fahnøe Ulrik , Ronit Andreas , Berg Ronan M G , Jørgensen Sofie E , Mogensen Trine H , Underwood Alexander P , Scheel Troels K H , Bukh Jens , Plovsing Ronni R 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The effects of dexamethasone (DXM) treatment on pulmonary immunity in COVID-19–associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (CARDS) remain insufficiently understood. We performed transcriptomic RNA-seq analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from 20 mechanically ventilated patients: 12 with CARDS (with or without DXM) and 8 non–COVID-19 critically ill controls. CARDS with DXM was characterized by upregulation of genes related to B-cell and complement pathway activation, antigen presentation, phagocytosis, and FC-γ receptor signaling. Most interferon-stimulated genes were upregulated in CARDS, particularly in CARDS without DXM. In conclusion, DXM treatment was not associated with regulation of proinflammatory pathways in CARDS but with regulation of other local immune responses.
Clinical Trials Registration. NCT04354584.
A randomized controlled trial comparing perioperative vs. postoperative mFOLFOX6 for lower rectal cancer with suspected lateral pelvic lymph node metastasis (JCOG1310): a phase II/III randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ohue Masayuki , Iwasa Satoru , Mizusawa Junki , Kanemitsu Yukihide , Shiozawa Manabu , Nishizawa Yusuke , Ueno Hideki , Katsumata Kenji , Yasui Masayoshi , Tsukamoto Shunsuke , Katayama Hiroshi , Fukuda Haruhiko , Shimada Yasuhiro 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objective
The optimal perioperative chemotherapy for lower rectal cancer with lateral pelvic lymph node metastasis remains unclear. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of perioperative mFOLFOX6 in comparison with postoperative mFOLFOX6 for rectal cancer patients undergoing total mesorectal excision with lateral lymph node dissection.

Methods
We conducted an open label randomized phase II/III trial in 18 Japanese institutions. We enrolled patients with histologically proven lower rectal adenocarcinoma with clinical pelvic lateral lymph node metastasis who were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive postoperative mFOLFOX6 (12 courses of intravenous oxaliplatin [85 mg/m2] with L-leucovorin [200 mg/m2] followed by 5-fluorouracil [400 mg/m2, bolus and 2400 mg/m2, continuous infusion, repeated every 2 weeks]) or perioperative mFOLFOX6 (six courses each preoperatively and postoperatively). The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). The trial is registered with Japan Registry of Clinical Trials, number jRCTs031180230.

Results
Between May 2015, and May 2019, 48 patients were randomized to the postoperative arm (n = 26) and the perioperative arm (n = 22). The trial was terminated prematurely due to poor accrual. The 3-year OS in the postoperative and perioperative groups were 66.1 and 84.4%, respectively (HR 0.58, 95% CI [0.14–2.45], one-sided P = 0.23). The pathological complete response rate in the perioperative group was 9.1%. Grade 3 postoperative surgical complications were more frequently observed in the perioperative arm (50.0 vs. 12.0%). One treatment-related death due to sepsis from pelvic infection occurred in the postoperative group.

Conclusions
Perioperative mFOLFOX6 may be an insufficient treatment to improve survival of lower rectal cancer with lateral pelvic lymph node metastasis.
The Gulf Coast Tick,Amblyomma maculatum(Ixodida: Ixodidae), and Spotted Fever GroupRickettsiain the Highly Urbanized Northeastern United States
Authors: Bajwa Waheed I , Tsynman Leonid , Egizi Andrea M , Tokarz Rafal , Maestas Lauren P , Fonseca Dina M 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe report the multi-year collection of the Gulf Coast tick, Amblyomma maculatum Koch (Acaridae: Ixodida: Ixodidae) in Staten Island, New York City (NYC) as well as their detection in Brooklyn, NYC, and in Atlantic and Cumberland counties in southern New Jersey, USA. The first and most common detections were of adults, however in Freshkills Park on Staten Island larvae were also collected in a following year. The presence of larvae indicates that adults are successfully finding hosts in Staten Island. While it is still unknown how A. americanum reached Staten Island, immatures of this species often parasitize migratory birds, which are now often seen in Freshkills Park. We describe the landscape features of the area in Staten Island where populations were highest and larvae were detected, which could have facilitated the establishment of A. maculatum. Notably, we also report the presence of human pathogens Rickettsia parkeri in 5/10 (50%) of adults tested and R. felis in 1/24 (4.17%) of larvae tested. In addition to established populations in Staten Island we found evidence of A. maculatum in NJ and other NYC boroughs, suggesting current or future establishment is possible. The failure thus far to detect established populations in these areas may be due to inherent difficulties in detecting low density, spatially heterogeneous incipient populations, which could require targeted surveillance efforts for this species. We discuss the consequences to public health of the establishment of A. maculatum and detection of two additional rickettsial pathogens in the densely populated northeastern United States.
Prevalence of Knock-Down Resistance F1534S Mutations in Aedes albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae) in North Carolina
Authors: Abernathy Haley A , Hollingsworth Brandon D , Giandomenico Dana A , Moser Kara A , Juliano Jonathan J , Bowman Natalie M , George Phillip J , Reiskind Michael H , Boyce Ross M 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Knock-down resistance (kdr) mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel gene of Aedes species mosquitoes are biomarkers for resistance to pyrethroid insecticides. In the United States, few studies have reported kdr mutations among Aedes albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae) populations. In this study, we sought to compare the presence of kdr alleles among Ae. albopictus mosquitoes collected from Fort Bragg and Wake County, North Carolina. We collected 538 Ae. albopictus mosquitoes, including 156 from 4 sites at Fort Bragg, North Carolina and 382 from 15 sites in Wake County, North Carolina to compare the prevalence of kdr mutations. Of those successfully sequenced, we identified 12 (3.0%) mosquitoes with kdr mutations, all of which were attributed to variants at position 1534 within domain 3. All mutations were found in mosquitoes collected at Wake County sites; no mutations were identified in collections from Fort Bragg. There was a focus of mutations observed at the Wake County sites with approximately 92% (11 of 12) of the mosquitoes with the mutation coming from one site, where kdr mutations represented 24.4% (11 of 45) of all mosquitoes collected. We observed highly focal resistance in a suburban area of Raleigh, which may be attributable to peri-domestic mosquito control activities that involve area dispersal of pyrethroid insecticides. More robust surveillance is needed to monitor the emergence and spread of resistance.
Description of Larva and Pupa ofPsorophora(Grabhamia)dimidiata(Diptera: Culicidae) and Redescription of the Adult Female and Male
Authors: Stein Marina , Bangher Débora , Laurito Magdalena , Visintín Andrés , Rossi Gustavo C , Almirón Walter 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPsorophora (Grabhamia) dimidiata Cerqueira (1943) was described based on the adult female and male. Later, descriptions of the male and female genitalia were published by Lane (in Neotropical Culicidae, vols. I & II. Editora da Universidade de São Paulo, S. P., Brazil, 1953) and Guedes et al. (in Catalogo ilustrado dos mosquitos da coleção do Instituto Nacional de Endemias Rurais. I. Gênero Psorophora Robineau-Desvoidy, 1827. Rev. Bras. Malariol. Doencas Trop. 12: 3–24; 1965), respectively. Here we describe the pupa and fourth-instar larva and redescribe the adult male and female genitalia and female cibarium. All stages (except the egg) are illustrated. Unambiguous recognition is provided. Distinctions from Ps. cingulata (Fabricius) and possible phylogenetic relationships are discussed.