bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A cohort study of gill infections, gill pathology and gill‐related mortality in sea‐farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.): A descriptive analysis
Authors: Østevik Liv , Stormoen Marit , Hellberg Hege , Kraugerud Marianne , Manji Farah , Lie Kai‐Inge , Nødtvedt Ane , Rodger Hamish , Alarcón Marta 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGill disease is an important cause of economic losses, fish mortality and reduced animal welfare in salmonid farming. We performed a prospective cohort study, following groups of Atlantic salmon in Western Norway with repeated sampling and data collection from the hatchery phase and throughout the 1st year at sea. The objective was to determine if variation in pathogen prevalence and load, and zoo‐ and phytoplankton levels had an impact on gill health. Further to describe the temporal development of pathogen prevalence and load, and gill pathology, and how these relate to each other. Neoparamoeba perurans appeared to be the most important cause of gill pathology. No consistent covariation and no or weak associations between the extent of gill pathology and prevalence and load of SGPV, Ca. B. cysticola and D. lepeophtherii were observed. At sea, D. lepeophtherii and Ca. B. cysticola persistently infected all fish groups. Fish groups negative for SGPV at sea transfer were infected at sea and fish groups tested negative before again testing positive. This is suggestive of horizontal transmission of infection at sea and may indicate that previous SGPV infection does not protect against reinfection. Coinfections with three or more putative gill pathogens were found in all fish groups and appear to be the norm in sea‐farmed Atlantic salmon in Western Norway.
Multicriterial analysis used for the optimisation of dike system management
Authors: Duchan David , Julínek Tomas , Říha Jaromir 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLevees are the most frequently used flood protection measure worldwide. In central Europe, they have been built systematically since the beginning of the 19th century. After the extreme regional floods in 1997, 2002 and 2013, the need arose for a more systematic and optimised approach to levee design and management, including the decommissioning of ineffective dike reaches. In this paper, a multicriterial algorithm is presented for the optimisation of levee management. The aspects considered are flood risk, economy, technical conditions, environmental issues and the consistency with general documents and principles in water management. The method is demonstrated via a case study of a levee subsystem in the upper Morava River basin.
Biological characteristics of adipose‐derived stem cells from patients with progressive hemifacial atrophy: An in vivo study
Authors: Gao Qiuni , Qi Zuoliang , Jin Xiaolei , Yang Zhenyu , Yu Panxi , Yuan Xihang , Hu Yuling , Yang Xiaonan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveIn this study, we investigate the biological characteristics of ADSCs from patients with progressive hemifacial atrophy (PHA) in vivo and try to explore the theoretical support for cell‐assisted lipotransfer in treating patients with PHA.MethodsADSCs and exosomes were respectively extracted from patients with PHA and healthy ones. PHA‐ADSC was detected the differentiation ability, phenotype, and anoxic resistance. NTA particle size, electron microscopy (TEM), and WB for CD63 and TSG10 were used to detect the exosomes. ADSCs of PHA (PHA‐ADSCs) and healthy ones (NORM‐ADSCs) mixed with their granular fat, exosomes mixed with PHA‐granular fat, and PBS mixed with PHA‐granular fat as the control group. The four groups of different grafts were, respectively, transplanted into nude mice, and the fat grafts were dissected and weighed at 2, 4, 8 and 12 w. Weight and volume retention were calculated for each of the four groups. Then, the four groups of fat grafts were tested for hematoxylin–eosin (HE) and immunohistochemical stainings, CD31 for blood vessel formation, CD68 for macrophage infiltration, and perilipin for fat formation, RT‐PCR analysis of the APRC5, ATG5, ATG7, ATG12, BAX, PPARG, CDKN1A, and CDKN2A genes.ResultsADSCs in the PHA group had typical phenotypes and multidirectional abilities. The PHA‐ADSCs ‐assisted lipotransfer group, exhibited a weaker droplet formation and lower volume retention rate than the NORM‐ADSCs‐assisted lipotransfer group but much better than the non‐cell‐assisted lipotransfer group. Exosome‐assisted lipotransfer group showed benefits, too.ConclusionsThe PHA‐ADSCs‐assisted lipotransfer and the exosome‐assisted lipotransfer improved the fat survival rate after fat filling in patients with hemifacial atrophy. Cell‐assisted and exosome‐assisted lipotransfer is an effective method to treat hemifacial atrophy.
Sequential relationships of food intake in nursing home residents with dementia: Behavioural analyses of videotaped mealtime observations
Authors: Liu Wen , Chen Yong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAims and ObjectivesThis study examined the sequential relationships of food intake and the moderating role of the characteristics of intake and resident conditions.BackgroundNursing home residents commonly experience insufficient food intake. While multilevel factors influence intake, evidence on sequential relationships is lacking.DesignThe study was an observational study using secondary, behavioural analyses following the STROBE Statement.MethodsVideotaped observations (N = 160) collected from a dementia communication trial during 2011–2014 were coded using the refined Cue Utilisation and Engagement in Dementia Mealtime Video‐coding Scheme during 2018–2019. The 160 videos involved 27 residents living with dementia and 36 staff in 9 nursing homes. Independent variables were the state (solid intake, liquid intake, no intake) of an intake episode occurring during mealtime (current episode), eating technique (resident‐initiated, staff‐facilitated) used in the next episode occurring after the current episode (subsequent episode), interval between adjacent episodes, and resident comorbidities and dementia stage. The dependent variable was the state of subsequent episode.ResultsSuccessful liquid and solid intake increased odds of subsequent liquid and solid intake. Comorbidities were associated with decreased odds of subsequent liquid and solid intake for staff‐facilitated episodes. When liquid intake occurred, staff‐facilitation decreased odds of subsequent liquid intake; longer intervals between adjacent episodes increased odds of subsequent solid intake.ConclusionFood intake was strongly and sequentially associated, and such temporal relationships were dependent on characteristics of the intake process and resident conditions.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThe study findings supported that initiating successful intake facilitates continuity of successful intake during mealtime. Behavioural interventions tailored by comorbidities that modify characteristics of the food intake process may improve food intake.
Progress towards the elimination of hepatitis B in children in Colombia: A novel two‐phase study approach
Authors: Ríos‐Hincapié Cielo Yaneth , Murad‐Rivera Rocío , Tohme Rania A. , Ropero Alba María , Gómez Bertha , Librado Cardona Diana , Forest Duque Brigitte Neffer , Cuellar Diego , Cardenas Iván , Krow‐Lucal Elisabeth , Wannemuehler Kathleen , de la Hoz Restrepo Fernando , Sánchez‐Molano Sandra Marcela , Delgado Carlos Eugenio , Rivillas‐Garcia Juan Carlos , Wasley Annemarie 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe World Health Organization (WHO) has established a target to eliminate mother‐to‐child‐transmission (EMTCT) of hepatitis B virus (HBV), defined as a prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) of ≤0.1% among children, by 2030. Using nationally representative serosurveys to verify achievement of this target requires large sample sizes and significant resources. We assessed the feasibility of a potentially more efficient two‐phase method to verify EMTCT of HBV in Colombia. In the first phase, we conducted a risk assessment to identify municipalities at the highest risk of ongoing HBV transmission. We ranked the 1122 municipalities of Colombia based on the reports of HBV infection in pregnant women per 1000 population. Municipalities with ≥0.3 reports per 1000 persons (equating to the top quartile) were further assessed based on health facility birth rates, coverage with three doses of hepatitis B vaccine (HepB3) and seroprevalence data. Hepatitis B risk was considered to be further increased for municipalities with HepB3 coverage or health facility birth rate <90%. In the second phase, we conducted a multistage household serosurvey of children aged 5–10 years in 36 municipalities with the highest assessed HBV risk. HBsAg was not detected in any of 3203 children tested, yielding a 90% upper confidence bound of <0.1% prevalence. Coverage with HepB3 and hepatitis B birth dose was high at 97.5% and 95.6%, respectively. These results support the conclusion that Colombia has likely achieved EMTCT of HBV.
Knockout of SlTOM1 and SlTOM3 results in differential resistance to tobamovirus in tomato
Authors: Kravchik Michael , Shnaider Yulia , Abebie Bekele , Shtarkman Meital , Kumari Reenu , Kumar Surender , Leibman Diana , Spiegelman Ziv , Gal‐On Amit 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDuring tobamovirus–host coevolution, tobamoviruses developed numerous interactions with host susceptibility factors and exploited these interactions for replication and movement. The plant‐encoded TOBAMOVIRUS MULTIPLICATION (TOM) susceptibility proteins interact with the tobamovirus replicase proteins and allow the formation of the viral replication complex. Here CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated mutagenesis allowed the exploration of the roles of SlTOM1a, SlTOM1b, and SlTOM3 in systemic tobamovirus infection of tomato. Knockouts of both SlTOM1a and SlTOM3 in sltom1a/sltom3 plants resulted in an asymptomatic response to the infection with recently emerged tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV). In addition, an accumulation of ToBRFV RNA and coat protein (CP) in sltom1a/sltom3 mutant plants was 516‐ and 25‐fold lower, respectively, than in wild‐type (WT) plants at 12 days postinoculation. In marked contrast, sltom1a/sltom3 plants were susceptible to previously known tomato viruses, tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and tomato mosaic virus (ToMV), indicating that SlTOM1a and SlTOM3 are not essential for systemic infection of TMV and ToMV in tomato plants. Knockout of SlTOM1b alone did not contribute to ToBRFV and ToMV resistance. However, in triple mutants sltom1a/sltom3/sltom1b, ToMV accumulation was three‐fold lower than in WT plants, with no reduction in symptoms. These results indicate that SlTOM1a and SlTOM3 are essential for the replication of ToBRFV, but not for ToMV and TMV, which are associated with additional susceptibility proteins. Additionally, we showed that SlTOM1a and SlTOM3 positively regulate the tobamovirus susceptibility gene SlARL8a3. Moreover, we found that the SlTOM family is involved in the regulation of plant development.
Race‐induced trauma, antiracism, and radical self‐care
Authors: Waite Roberta , Iheduru‐Anderson Kechi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBeing racialized as Black in the United States has contributed to this population having to operate with a level of race‐induced trauma, especially those who are darkly melanated. Historically, Black persons have been terrorized into colonization, and the cultural psychology of anti‐Blackness has been entrenched in our society. Through the practice of racialization, the historical, social, and political processes of constructing racial identities and meanings have impacted the formation of understanding of the body and the rationalization of hierarchy. In addition, the internalization of these ideas of hierarchy and difference within power/knowledge relations that they (re)produce is pervasive among people in the United States. This article aims to explicitly highlight racism as trauma, address the relevance of radical self‐care when disrupting anti‐Black racism, and consider steps to promote trauma responsiveness when incorporating these practices.
COMPOSITE HUMAN‐ANIMAL FIGURES IN EARLY URBAN NORTHERN MESOPOTAMIA: SHAMANS OR IMAGES OF RESISTANCE?
Authors: McMahon Augusta 
Published: June 2022

SummaryUrban growth in northern Mesopotamia in the early fourth millennium BC was accompanied by an increase in clay container sealings, reflecting the intensified movement and management of resources and manufactured items. The diverse imagery impressed into these sealings includes a human‐ibex grasping a pair of snakes, a bird‐human, and other composite figures. The human‐ibex in particular has been identified as a ‘shaman’, but this is not an appropriate term. The early fourth millennium BC was a period of enormous social and economic upheaval generated by the growth of cities and institutions. Composite figures may have expressed resistance to increasingly structured lived experiences, acknowledging the paradoxes of urban living and affirming the continued presence of the unexplainable.
Influence of eye tilt on corneal densitometry
Authors: Consejo Alejandra , Jiménez‐García Marta , Rozema Jos J. , Abass Ahmed 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPurposeTo investigate whether Pentacam densitometry readings are affected by corneal tilt.MethodsIn a prospective study, the right eyes of 86 healthy participants aged 42.8 ± 20.0 years (range 18–79 years) were imaged using Scheimpflug tomography. Elevation maps were exported to calculate corneal tilt using custom‐made software, and densitometry readings were acquired directly from the corneal densitometry analysis add‐on to the standard software Oculus Pentacam HR. Simple mediation analysis was applied to study age as a confounding factor in the correlation between corneal tilt and corneal densitometry.ResultsCorneal tilt and corneal densitometry are not independent from one another because age is significantly correlated with both corneal tilt (r = 0.50, p < 0.001) and corneal densitometry (r = 0.91, p < 0.001). Only 3.8% of the correlation between tilt and densitometry operates directly, while the remaining 96.2% depends on age.ConclusionsCorneal tilt plays a role in corneal densitometry readings, even though the interaction is strongly influenced by age. Age is a well‐known factor in densitometry readings that should be taken into consideration when interpreting Scheimpflug densitometry.
Fiscal condition, institutional constraints, and public pension contribution: are pension contribution shortfalls fiscal illusion?
Authors: Hoang Trang , Maher Craig S. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOne important aspect of public finance is understanding expenditure allocations among competing purposes. Applying the public choice paradigm and fiscal illusion framework, this study explores the interplay between current state expenditures and financial needs, and long‐term financial responsibility to pension funds. Using state finance and pension data during 2004–2018, we found actuarially determined employer contributions paid by a state are inversely related to budgetary fund balances, total reserve fund balances, and state expenditures. Especially when governments are fiscally stressed, state officials appear to delay pension contributions while prioritizing operational spending. Interestingly, more stringent TELs and technical BBRs are effective at promoting prudent pension fund management. The study contributes to the public finance literature by providing empirical evidence to advance the argument that government's financing choices can affect the level of public expenditure while demonstrating the mechanism of the relationship between fiscal illusion and government budgetary decisions.
Assessment of mandibular cortical index in patients with hepatic cirrhosis: A case‐control study
Authors: Tenório Jefferson Rocha , Bueno Marcus Vinícius , Franco Juliana Bertoldi , Peres Maria Paula Siqueira de Melo , Moratto Beatriz Mota Nunes , Munhoz Luciana , Arita Emiko Saito , Ortega Karem L. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimsTo assess the presence of alterations suggestive of reduced bone mineral density (BMD) by using mandibular cortical index (MCI) in panoramic radiographs of cirrhotic individuals and to evaluate their relationship with other characteristics of hepatic cirrhosis (HC).Methods and ResultsThis is an observational case‐control study assessing the medical records of 165 cirrhotic patients matched by sex and age with healthy individuals. MELD (model of end stage liver disease) score, etiology, complications, comorbidities, and serum levels of vitamin D were collected. MCI was used to obtain BMD. Binary logistic regression was used to test associations and the risk estimates were expressed in odds ratio. Most of the sample consisted of men (73.93%) with median age of 56 years old. In the study group, the mean value of MELD was 16.5 and hepatitis C was the main etiology of HC (33.9%). Cirrhotic individuals are 3.99 times more likely to present alterations suggestive of reduced BMD (p < .01). There was no statistical significance in the association of MCI with levels of vitamin D, comorbidities, etiology or cirrhosis complications.ConclusionsMCI suggestive of reduced BMD is more likely to be identified in panoramic radiographs of cirrhotic individuals than of healthy ones.
A territorial approach to social learning: Facilitating consumer knowledge of local food through participation in the guarantee process
Authors: Nikolaidou Sofia , Kouzeleas Stelios , Goussios Dimitris 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRecognition of the link between the origin of local food, farming practices and their territorial settings is important in increasing consumers’ trust and perceived value of quality schemes. Using the concepts of social learning and Participatory Guarantee Systems (PGS), this study aims to strengthen consumers’ knowledge regarding local food and its territorial anchoring, by associating product quality with territorial attributes while facilitating consumer participation in the guarantee process. First, a total of 199 online questionnaires assessing consumer preferences for local food showed limited awareness and knowledge of practices connecting products, production processes and quality attributes. Additionally, based on an existing PGS for a local cheese with (Thessaly, Greece), we combined consumer expectations and producers’ guarantees through farm visits and a participatory focus group facilitated by interactive visualisation technology. Results showed that visualised knowledge of intangible and tangible territorial resources raised consumers’ awareness and appreciation of specific quality attributes while helping co‐construct shared meanings related to the place of production, local know‐how and historical and cultural practices. Thus, it appears that this approach further prepared the ground for consumers’ future ‘physical’ or ‘virtual’ engagement in a bottom‐up collaboration for the ongoing negotiation of trust and social control built on trust.
Partisan media exposure, polarization, and candidate evaluations in the 2016 general election
Authors: Morris David S. , Morris Jonathan S. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study aims to examine the influence of Republican and Democratic partisan television news on attitudes toward candidates for president immediately following the 2016 general election.MethodUsing two waves of the 2016 American National Election Study, we examine feelings toward Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton before and after the election.ResultsExposure to Republican partisan media did have a significant negative effect on feelings toward Hillary Clinton, even when controlling for party identification, ideology, and feelings toward Clinton before the election. Consumption of Democratic partisan television, however, had no influence on feelings toward Donald Trump.ConclusionFurther fragmentation and the expansion of partisan media has—and will continue to—benefit Republicans over Democrats.
Politics or need? Explaining state protective measures in the coronavirus pandemic
Authors: Mayer Martin K. , Morris John C. , Williamson Ryan D. , Hume Jan C. , McKnight Steven P. , Naher Nurun , Weber Sindhu , Zhang Xiaodan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveWe explain evolving policy choices made by all 50 states in response to the coronavirus (COVID‐19) pandemic in the United States against the background of each state's political and public health landscape.MethodWe create an index of eight state preventative measures and explain variation in that index by infection and death rates, vaccination rates, support for President Trump in 2020, and the political party of the governor. We control for population density and the health vulnerability of each state.ResultsState response was largely driven by three factors: the death rate from COVID‐19, Trump votes in 2020 and Republican control of the governorship.ConclusionUnderstanding state response to the pandemic requires going beyond a partisan lens and considering the shifting onus of responsibility for taking action to protect against the virus from states to individual citizens in an increasingly politicized sphere of pandemic response.
Gastric or duodenal perforation and secondary septic peritonitis following therapeutic nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug administration
Authors: Pfeifer Julie M. , Levy Nyssa A. , Carter Diana L. , Beal Matthew W. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo report which nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were associated with gastric or duodenal perforation (GDP) in dogs presented to a university teaching hospital and to report the frequency of prescription of NSAIDs by the corresponding referring veterinary community during the same time period.DesignRetrospective cohort study of dogs from January 2007 to March 2020.SettingSingle university teaching hospital.AnimalsA total of 30 dogs met inclusion criteria.Measurements and Main ResultsFour dogs were administered more than 1 NSAID within 7 days of GDP, 3 dogs received a combination of an NSAID and a corticosteroid, and 1 dog received 2 NSAIDs and a corticosteroid. Four dogs received an overdose of an NSAID. One dog received an overdose of 1 NSAID and received an additional NSAID at the labeled dose within 7 days of GDP. Eighteen dogs received only 1 NSAID at the labeled dose. In these 18 dogs, meloxicam was administered in 44.4% (8/18), firocoxib in 27.8% (5/18), deracoxib in 16.7% (3/18), and piroxicam in 11.1% (2/18). One hundred and sixty surveys on NSAID prescribing practice were returned. Carprofen was the most commonly prescribed NSAID (70.6%), followed by meloxicam (10.6%), deracoxib (8.4%), firocoxib (7.8%), aspirin (1.5%), and other (0.9%).ConclusionsNSAID administration, even at labeled doses, appears to be a precipitating factor for GDP. Despite carprofen being the most frequently prescribed NSAID over the study period, no case of GDP received it as a single therapeutic agent. Further prospective evaluation is needed to verify these findings.