bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Method for introducing heteroatoms into the framework of FER-type zeolite by intercalation of sub-zeolite of Lamellar precusor PLS-3
Authors: Yang Boting , Cui Tianxiao 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A method for introducing heteroatoms Al, Ti, and Sn into the framework of FER-type zeolite was provided. The incorporation of heteroatoms was achieved by intercalation of sub-zeolite of lamellar precursor PLS-3 that possessed disordered structure along layered direction using 4-amion-2,2,6,6-tetramentylniperidine together with salts containing a heteroatom. During intercalation, the molar ratio of Si and heteroatoms can be adjusted between 30 to ∞. Heteroatoms entered the material with the help of hydrothermal synthesis conditions used in the intercalation process, resulting in reordered layered metalosilicate structure. After mild acid treatment of these metalosilicates to remove extra-framework heteroatoms and further calcination, we obtained a three-dimensional zeolite of FER topology with framework Al, Ti, and Sn.
Poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)/Sodium alginate blends have superior characteristics and can be used to fabricate vascular stents
Authors: Qiu ShuiWei , Xia YingHui , Sun JiangDong , Wang ShanShan , Xing QuanSheng 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
To investigate the physical properties and in vitro biocompatibility of Poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) and Sodium alginate (PBAT/SA) melt blending, as well as feasibility of using PBAT/SA blending materials to fabricate vascular stents through 3D printing technology. PBAT/SA composites were prepared by melt blending, and then related physical properties were assessed through FTIR, SEM, DSC, and water contact angle tests. The effects of the PBAT/SA blend on cell morphology, ROS, apoptosis, and cell proliferation were analyzed in vitro. In addition, we employed a 4-axis 3D printer to evaluate the feasibility of using PBAT/SA blend materials to fabricate vascular stents. We successfully prepared PBAT/SA melt blended materials. FTIR and SEM analyses demonstrated that PBAT and SA were compatible, while DSC data confirmed that the addition of SA improved the thermal properties of PBAT. Besides, water contact angle analysis showed that SA improved the hydrophilicity of PBAT. In addition, we successfully fabricated PBAT/SA vascular stent using 4-axis 3D printing technology. Our data showed that PBAT and SA are compatible, and the addition of SA enhances the thermal properties and hydrophilicity of PBAT. In addition, PBAT/SA blend materials can be fabricated into vascular stents using 4-axis 3D printing technology.
Laboratory Interventions to Eliminate Unnecessary Rapid COVID-19 Testing During a Reagent Shortage
Authors: Wulff Regina T , Qiu Yuqing , Wu Caroline , Calfee David P , Singh Harjot K , Hatch Ian , Steel Peter A D , Scofi Jean E , Westblade Lars F , Cushing Melissa M 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objectives
In the fall of 2020, US medical centers were running out of rapid coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) tests. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of an intervention to eliminate rapid test misutilization and to quantify the effect of the countermeasures to control rapid test ordering using a test utilization dashboard.

Methods
Interventions were made to preserve a severely limited supply of rapid diagnostic tests based on real-time analysis of a COVID-19 test utilization dashboard. This study is a retrospective observational study evaluating pre- and postintervention rates of appropriate rapid test use, reporting times, and cost/savings of resources used.

Results
This study included 14,462 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction tests ordered during the study period. After the intervention, there was a 27.3% decrease in nonconforming rapid tests. Rapid test reporting time from laboratory receipt decreased by 1.47 hours. The number of days of rapid test inventory on hand increased by 39 days.

Conclusions
Performing diagnostic test stewardship, informed by real-time review of a test utilization dashboard, was associated with significantly improved appropriate utilization of rapid diagnostic COVID-19 tests, improved reporting times, implied cost savings, and improved reagent inventory on hand, which facilitated the management of scarce resources during a pandemic.
Lamprey possess both V1R and V2R olfactory receptors, but only V1Rs are expressed in olfactory sensory neurons
Authors: Kowatschew Daniel , Korsching Sigrun I 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The sense of smell employs some of the largest gene families in the genome to detect and distinguish a multitude of different odors. Within vertebrates, 4 major olfactory receptor families have been described; of which, only 3 (OR, TAAR-like, and V1R) were found already in lamprey, a jawless vertebrate. The forth family (V2R) was believed to have originated later, in jawed vertebrates. Here we have delineated the entire vomeronasal receptor repertoire in 3 lamprey species. We report the presence of 6 v1r and 2 v2r genes in Lethenteron camtschaticum, arctic lamprey, and Lampetra fluviatilis, river lamprey (6 and 1, respectively, in sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus). Three v1r genes but no v2r genes were found to be expressed in olfactory sensory neurons in the characteristic sparse expression pattern. Our results show the olfactory function of some V1Rs already in lamprey and, unexpectedly, an early origin of the V2R family in the shared ancestor of jawed and jawless vertebrates. However, lamprey v2r genes appear not to have acquired an olfactory function yet, thus dissociating the evolutionary origin of the family from the onset of a function as olfactory receptor.
Prediction of Ocular Toxicity of Potential Degradation Products of Proparacaine Hydrochloride Subjected under ICH Recommended Stress Conditions
Authors: Mahajan Anand , Coelho Allan , Pissurlenkar Raghuvir , Fernandes Adison , Tagalpallewar Amol 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Proparacaine hydrochloric ophthalmic solution (0.5%) is widely used as ophthalmic anesthetic for short conjunctival and corneal procedures. In connection to this, present research work was conducted to investigate ocular toxicity of its probable degradation products (DPs), which were generated after treating drug with stressors mentioned under International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guideline Q1A (R2).

Result
The probable DPs were generated by placing drug under various stress conditions to generate similarity of the effect of stressor which drug supposed to face during its life cycle. The hydrolytic stress condition under acidic, basic and neutral environment formed two major DPs, while the drug was stable and did not generate any DP when subjected to oxidative, dry heat and photolytic stress. The separation of DPs was carried out using high performance liquid chromatographic system. The structural identification of DPs was carried out by subjecting degradation samples to liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. These DPs were screened using in-silico ocular toxicity prediction models Pub-SVM to predict their potential to cause irritation/corrosion to eye.

Conclusions
The DPs identified were DP 1 (2-(diethyl amino) ethanol) and DP 2 (3-amino-4-propoxybenzoic acid). The in-silico ocular toxicity study predicted that DP 1 has potential of eye corrosion (EC) and eye irritation (EI), whereas DP 2 has a potential EI. The drug was found safe and devoid of any EC and EI potential.
Pandemic polycentricity? Mobility and migration patterns across New York over the course of the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Schmahmann Laura , Poorthuis Ate , Chapple Karen 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The expectation of a mass movement out of cities due to the rise of remote work associated with the Covid-19 pandemic, is counter to longstanding theories of the benefits of agglomeration economies. It suggests centrifugal shifts of economic activity which could boost neighbourhood economies at the expense of the downtown core. Using mobile phone data from SafeGraph, we track migration and daily mobility patterns throughout the New York metropolitan area between July 2019 and June 2021. We find that diverse suburban centres and exurban areas have bounced back more quickly than the dense specialised commercial districts in and around Manhattan.
84: DOES CHEST PAIN INFLUENCE NEGATIVELY LONG TERM CLINICALRESULTS OF THE SURGICAL TREATMENT FOR ESOPHAGEAL ACHALASIA?
Authors: Tassi V , Lugaresi M , Daddi N , Pilotti V , Ferruzzi L , Mattioli S 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background and aim
Recently it has been recommended not to perform the Heller myotomy in Achalasia type III (Chicago classification) because of the persistence of chest pain after surgery; alternatively, POEM was proposed. This position is based on short term follow up studies. In the last 40 years our group performed the Heller-Dor operation (HD) in achalasia diagnosed according to Vantrappen and Castell PMDE classification also in the presence of chest pain (vigorous achalasia included, diffuse spasm and nutcracker esophagus excluded). In cases operated upon of HD, we investigated in the long term chest pain, inside the global surgery evaluation.

Methods
Between 1978 and 2020, 390 achalasia patients underwent the Heller-Dor operation. Among them, 79 preoperatively complained of chest pain (group A), 311 did not (group B). Patients were preoperatively classified and postoperatively followed up according to a timed protocol based on clinical assessment of intensity and frequency of dysphagia (D0 absent—D3 daily), GERD symptoms (RS0 absent-RS3 daily); chest pain was quantified according to the Eckardt’s scale (0 none—3 each meal). Barium swallow and endoscopy (E0: normal, E1: mild esophagitis, E2–3: erosive/ulcerative esophagitis) were performed at each planned control. A and B groups were compared.

Results
Groups were homogeneous according to sex (P = 0.42) and age (P = 0.51). After HD median follow-up was 10 years (IQR 4.7–12.6 years) for A, 14 years (IQR 5.6–20 years) for B (P = 0.166); at barium swallow the percentage of decrease in esophageal diameter and barium column was similar (P = 0.59 and P = 0.85, respectively) as well as the frequency of GERD symptoms and esophagitis (P = 0.27). Chest pain progressively attenuated; median Eckard score preoperatively was 3, at follow-up it was 1 (P &lt; 0.001). The clinical evaluation at the last control was significantly more favorable for A (satisfactory D0–2, RS0–2, and E1 in 95%) versus B (satisfactory in 89%) (P = 0.02).

Conclusion
In the long term HD achieves very satisfactory results with the decrease/disappearance of chest pain possibly present in regular achalasia. The clinical-radiological-manometric patterns of type 3 achalasia should be revised, to eliminate eventual misunderstandings.
115: THE PULMONARY SEQUELAE OF GASTRO-OESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE
Authors: Goonawardhana D , Falk G , Van Der Wall H 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background and aim
Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) and a spectrum of pulmonary diseases, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and bronchiectasis have a complex but poorly understood relationship. IPF is characterised by chronic progressive interstitial pneumonia due to the deposition of fibrous tissue in the pulmonary interstitium. It has a median survival time from diagnosis of 2 to 5 years. Bronchiectasis is defined as irreversible dilatation of the bronchial tree, leading to severe pulmonary infections and gradual deterioration in lung function. Chronic micro aspiration of acid and non-acid refluxate leading to airway irritation, repeated lung injury and respiratory tree remodelling has been implicated in the pathophysiology and progression of both diseases. Current studies have shown that patients with severe GORD will demonstrate pulmonary aspiration of refluxate on scintigraphic scanning. We aim to demonstrate the presence of pulmonary aspiration of refluxate on oesophageal scintigraphy and correlate this with changes of fibrosis, scarring, bronchiectatic and ground glass changes on high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) chest imaging.

Methods
Retrospective data was obtained from 114 patients who underwent oesophageal scintigraphy reflux studies at a single nuclear medicine imaging facility to evaluate for significant GORD or extra-oesophageal symptoms. Scintigraphy results were then compared with HRCT chest studies of the respective patients. Lobar locations of parenchymal changes on CT were correlated with location of isotope in lungs seen during aspiration on scintigraphy.

Results
114 of patients demonstrated evidence of pulmonary aspiration on scintigraphy in the delayed study. All patients had intermittent or continuous full column gastro-oesophageal reflux with evidence of tracer in both lungs or the right lung. Of these patients, 35 underwent HRCT chest studies. 23 of the 35 patients had evidence of pulmonary disease on HRCT, demonstrated by fibrosis, scarring, bronchiectatic changes or ground glass opacities. 11 patients showed evidence of pulmonary fibrosis or scarring, and 10 of these demonstrated co-location of pulmonary aspiration on scintigraphy. 10 of 11 patients with bronchiectactic change were co-located with pulmonary aspiration.

Conclusion
These results demonstrate a likely relationship between GORD, IPF and bronchiectasis, indicating that the current clinical paradigm of GORD and respiratory disease being two separate entities must be re-evaluated.
117: DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF MULTIVARIATE PREDICTION MODEL OF LONG-TERM SURVIVAL AFTER OESOPHAGECTOMY IN PATIENTS WITH OESOPHAGEAL CANCER
Authors: Gujjuri R R , Clarke J M , Elliot J A , Reynolds J V , Markar S R 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background and aim
Long-term survival after oesophagectomy remains poor, with recurrence a feared common outcome. Prediction tools can help clinicians identify high-risk patients and optimise treatment decisions based on their prognostic factors. This study developed and evaluated a prediction model to predict long-term survival and time-to-recurrence following surgery for oesophageal cancer.

Methods
Patients who underwent curative surgery between June 2009–2015 from the European iNvestigation of SUrveillance After Resection for Esophageal Cancer study were included. Prediction models were developed for overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) using Cox proportional hazards (CPH) and Random Survival Forest (RSF). Model performance was evaluated using discrimination (time-dependent area under the curve (tAUC)) and calibration (visual comparison of predicted and observed survival probabilities).

Results
This study included 4719 patients with an OS of 47.7% and DFS of 48.4% at 5 years. Sixteen variables were included in the final model. CPH and RSF demonstrated good discrimination with a tAUC of 78.2% (95% CI 77.4–79.1%) and 77.1% (95% CI 76.1–78.1%) for OS and a tAUC of 79.4% (95% CI 78.5–80.2%) and 78.6% (95% CI 77.5–79.5%) respectively for DFS at 5 years. CPH showed good agreement between predicted and observed probabilities in all quintiles. RSF showed good agreement for patients with survival probabilities between 20–80% and moderate agreement in the &lt;20% and &gt; 80% quintile groups.

Conclusion
This study demonstrated the ability of a statistical model to accurately predict long-term survival and time-to-recurrence after surgery for oesophageal cancer, with CPH and RSF models showing good discrimination and calibration. Identification of patient groups at risk of recurrence and poor long-term survival can improve patient outcomes by enhancing selection of treatment methods and surveillance strategies. Future work evaluating prediction-based decisions against standard decision-making is required to improve understanding of the clinical utility derived from prognostic model use.
124: DETERMINING SEVERITY OF ESOPHAGEAL ANASTOMOTIC LEAK IN PATIENTS AFTER ESOPHAGECTOMY: DEVELOPMENT OF THE SEAL SCORE
Authors: Ubels S , Verstegen M , Bouwense S , Hannink G , Siersema P , Klarenbeek B , Van Workum F , Rosman C 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background and aim
Anastomotic leakage (AL) is a common and severe complication after esophagectomy, but it is largely unknown how to assess leakage severity at the time of diagnosis. We aimed to develop the Severity of Esophageal Anastomotic Leak (SEAL) score, a tool to predict leakage severity at the time of diagnosis.

Methods
The TENTACLE—Esophagus study is an international retrospective cohort study, in which 1509 patients with AL after esophagectomy between 2011 and 2019 were included in 71 centers from 20 countries. Potential predictors of mortality were patient parameters at diagnosis (e.g. diet at diagnosis, organ failure) and leakage parameters (e.g. fluid collections, gastric tube condition, leakage circumference). Primary outcome was 90-day mortality. Logistic regression was used to develop the SEAL score, comprising four grades of leakage severity (i.e. mild, moderate, severe and critical). Severity grade cut-offs were predefined and based on the individually predicted risk of 90-day mortality: 0–5%, 5–15%, 15–25% and 25–100%, respectively. Internal validation was performed by bootstrapping. The study protocol is accessible at www.tentaclestudy.com.

Results
The 90-day mortality rate in the included 1509 patients was 11.7%. The model had good discrimination (c-index 0.77; 95%CI 0.73–0.82) and calibration (calibration intercept 0.00; 95%CI -0.17– 0.17; calibration slope 1.14; 95%CI 0.95–1.33) after internal validation. The model classified 25.9% leakage patients as mild, 50.6% as moderate, 13.1% as severe and 10.4% as critical. The in-hospital, 30-day, 90-day and 180-day mortality rates, length of (ICU) stay, time to leak healing, Comprehensive Complication Index and Esophageal Complication Consensus Group classification worsened statistically significantly with higher classes of AL severity.

Conclusion
Anastomotic leakage is a severe complication with a 90-day mortality rate of 11.7%. The Severity of Esophageal Anastomotic Leak (SEAL) score is a tool which combines 12 patient and leak parameters at time of leak diagnosis and comprises four classes of leakage severity based on individual predictions of mortality. The SEAL score is instrumental in understanding AL severity in clinical practice and may be used to correct for leakage severity when assessing the efficacy of different treatments of AL after esophagectomy.
171: TOTAL VERSUS SUBTOTAL GASTRECTOMY FOR DISTAL GASTRIC POORLY COHESIVE CARCINOMA
Authors: Boubaddi M , Lambert C , Piessen G , Gualtierotti M , Voron T , Mantziari S , Ferrari G , Pezet D , Gronnier C 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background and aim
Gastric poorly cohesive carcinoma (PCC) is characterized by a submucosal diffusion, an early lymph node and peritoneal extension associated with a worth prognosis for locally advanced stage (T2-T4) than intestinal type of adenocarcinoma. Total gastrectomy (TG) is still the most frequent procedure realized for distal gastric PCC because of its invasive characteristics. However, subtotal gastrectomy (SG) for antro-pyloric localization could improve morbidity and quality of life without compromising oncological outcomes. At this day, there is no clear recommendation about the type of surgery to realize for distal PCC gastric cancer. The aim of this study was to compare overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) for patients with antro pyloric PCC treated by SG vs those treated by TG.

Methods
We use a retrospective European multicentric cohort of 2327 patients treated for gastric cancer between 2007 and 2017 by members of the French Association of Surgery (AFC).

Results
All in all, this study included 271 patients with antro pyloric PCC treated by gastrectomy with 131 who underwent SG and 140 patients who underwent TG. Baseline characteristics were globally similar.
We didn’t observe any significant difference for tumor stage pTNM.
The median length of stay for patients with SG was 11 days (8–16) but for TG it was 13 days (10–18) (P = 0,001). There was no significant difference on surgical reintervention with 13 patients in each group (P = 0,93).
Concerning surgical complications, we used Dindo-Clavien classification: 60% of patients with SG had stage I-IIIa complication against 77% for TG and 8.8% had stage IIIB-IVb against 14,4% (P &lt; 0.001).
There was no significant difference on 5-year overall survival years between SG (53.1% CI95% = 41.5–63.5%) and TG (53.8% CI95% = 43.2–63.3%) (HR = 0,94 CI95% = 0,68-1,29).
We also found no significant difference on 5-year disease free survival between SG (45.3% CI 95% = 34.3–55.6%) and TG (46.0% CI 95% = 35.9–55.5%) (HR = 0,97 CI95% = 0,69-1,33).

Conclusion
Our results show that there was no significant difference between SG and TG for 5-year OS and DFS for distal PCC with a lower complication rate in SG group. SG seems to be a valuable strategy for distal PCC.
179: EARLY PREDICTION OF PATHOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO NEOADJUVANT CHEMORADIOTHERAPY FOR OESOPHAGEAL CANCER USING FULLY HYBRID PET/MR: PRELIMINARY RESULTS
Authors: Palumbo D , Fiorino C , Mori M , Picchio M , Cossu A , Slim N , Puccetti F , Mazza E , Steidler S , Di Muzio N , Cascinu S , Gianolli L , Rosati R , De Cobelli F 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background and aim
Despite adequate preoperative staging, 25% of patients with oesophageal cancer treated with primary surgery have microscopically positive resection margins (R1), and the 5-year survival rate rarely exceeds 40%. The CROSS trial demonstrated that neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) double the median overall survival, with 29% of patients achieving a pathological complete response. Many authors suggest that this subgroup of patients do not benefit from additional surgery also having regard to the fact that oesophageal resections are associated with substantial morbidity and postoperative mortality rates of 3–5%. On the other hand 18% of patients who underwent nCRT were found to be non-responders, only suffering from nCRT side effects. Thus, rationale exists for identifying novel biomarkers allowing early, non-invasive prediction of pathological tumour response.

Methods
Starting from January 2020, all consecutive patients with biopsy proven potentially resectable oesophageal cancer scheduled to receive nCRT (CROSS regimen) were prospectively enrolled. In addition to standard of care imaging, a fully integrated hybrid PET/MR was performed at three time points (prior to, during and six weeks after treatment completion). For each patient, an early regression index (ERI) was computed according to the formula: ERI = ln [1—(tumour volume mid/tumour volume pre) tumour volume pre]. Tumour volumes were contoured on axial high resolution T2 weighted images by an experienced radiologist. Finally, after surgery, these data were systematically correlated with the pathological outcome in terms of Tumour Regression Grade(TRG). TRG = 1 refers to pathological complete response status.

Results
At present, of ten patients enrolled, seven underwent surgery after completion of nCRT; of these, three patients had TRG = 1. Interestingly, patients with a pathological complete response demonstrated significantly lower ERI values when compared with those patients with TRG ≥ 2 (4.09 vs. 27.94, P &lt; 0.001). Of note, no PET parameter was significantly associated with subsequent pathological complete response status.

Conclusion
Preliminary results point out the existence of a novel imaging, MR based biomarker (ERI), able to early predict pathological tumour response during nCRT, thus providing an actual aid for patients’ management. The research leading to these results has received funding from AIRC (Italian Association for Cancer Research) under Investigator Grant—IG 2019—ID. 23015 project; NCT04359732.