bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrastable and High Energy Calcium Rechargeable Batteries Enabled by Calcium Intercalation in a NASICON Cathode
Authors: Chen Chunhong , Shi Fangyi , Zhang Shishi , Su Yaqiong , Xu Zheng‐Long 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCa‐ion batteries (CIBs) have been considered a promising candidate for the next‐generation energy storage technology owing to the abundant calcium element and the low reduction potential of Ca2+/Ca. However, the large size and divalent nature of Ca2+ induce significant volume change and sluggish ion mobility in intercalation cathodes, leading to poor reversibly and low energy/power densities for CIBs. Herein, a polyanionic Na superionic conduction (NASICON)‐typed Na‐vacant Na1V2(PO4)2F3 (N1PVF3) with sufficient interstitial spaces is reported as ultra‐stable and high‐energy Ca ion cathodes. The N1PVF3 delivers exceptionally high Ca storage capacities of 110 and 65 mAh g‐1 at 10 and 500 mA g–1, respectively, and a record‐long cyclability of 2000 cycles. More interestingly, by tailoring the fluorine content in N1PVFx (1 ≤ x ≤ 3), the high working potential of 3.5 V versus Ca2+/Ca is achievable. In conjunction with Ca metal anode and a compatible electrolyte, Ca metal batteries with N1VPF3 cathodes are constructed, which deliver an initial energy density of 342 W h kg‐1, representing one of the highest values thus far reported for CIBs. Origins of the uncommonly stable and high‐power capabilities for N1PVF3 are elucidated as the small volume changes and low cation diffusion barriers among the cathodes.
Er‐Based Luminescent Nanothermometer to Explore the Real‐Time Temperature of Cells under External Stimuli
Authors: Wu Na , Sun Yishuo , Kong Mengya , Lin Xue , Cao Cong , Li Zhanxian , Feng Wei , Li Fuyou 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTemperature as a typical parameter, which influences the status of living creatures, is essential to life activities and indicates the initial cellular activities. In recent years, the rapid development of nanotechnology provides a new tool for studying temperature variation at the micro‐ or nano‐scales. In this study, an important phenomenon is observed at the cell level using luminescent probes to explore intracellular temperature changes, based on Yb‐Er doping nanoparticles with special upconversion readout mode and intensity ratio signals (I525 and I545). Further optimization of this four‐layer core‐shell ratio nanothermometer endows it with remarkable characteristics: super photostability, sensitivity, and protection owing to the shell. Thus this kind of thermal probe has the property of anti‐interference to the complex chemical environment, responding exclusively to temperature, when it is used in liquid and cells to reflect external temperature changes at the nanoscale. The intracellular temperature of living RAW and CAOV3 cells are observed to have a resistance mechanism to external stimuli and approach a more favorable temperature, especially for CAOV3 cells with good heat resistance, with the intracellular temperature 4.8 °C higher than incubated medium under 5 °C environment, and 4.4 °C lower than the medium under 60 °C environment.
Stable Two‐dimensional Nanoconfined Ionic Liquids with Highly Efficient Ionic Conductivity
Authors: Dong Mengyang , Zhang Kuiyuan , Wan Xinyi , Wang Shilin , Fan Shuaikang , Ye ZhiZhen , Wang Yuqi , Yan Youguo , Peng Xinsheng 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAmid the burgeoning environmental concerns, electrochemical energy storage is of great demand, inspiring the rapid development of electrolytes. Quasi‐liquid solid electrolytes (QLSEs) demonstrate exciting properties that combine high ionic conductivity and safety. Herein, a QLSE system is constructed by confining ionic liquids (ILs) into 2D materials‐based membranes, which creates a subtle platform for the investigation of the nanoconfined ion transport process. The highest ionic conductivity increment of 506% can be observed when ILs are under nanoconfinement. Correlation of experimental results and simulation evidently prove the diffusion behaviors of ILs are remarkably accelerated when confined in nanochannels, ascribing from the promoted dissociation of ILs. Concurrently, nanoconfined ILs demonstrate a highly ordered distribution, lower interplay, and higher free volume compared against bulk systems. This work reveals and analyzes the phenomenon of ionic conductivity elevation in nanoconfined ILs, and offers inspiring opportunities to fabricate the highly stable and efficient QLSEs based on layered nanomaterials for energy storage applications.
Effect of Silver Nanoparticles Prepared from Saraca asoca Leaf Extract on Morphological, Functional, Mechanical, and Antibacterial Properties of Rice Starch Films
Authors: Khurshid Salman , Arif Saqib , Ali Tahira Mohsin , Iqbal Hafiza Mehwish , Shaikh Marium , Khurshid Haris , Akber Qurrat‐ul‐Ain , Yousaf Shahid 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study aims to evaluate functional properties of rice starch‐based nanocomposite (NC) films. Silver nanoparticles (SNP) are synthesized using Saraca asoca leaf extract and found to be spherical with diameters ranging between 27 and 45 nm. The SNP solution is added at three different levels: 50, 100, and 150 mL to filmogenic solution (150 mL) and these films are designated as SNP‐50, SNP‐100, and SNP‐150, respectively. In addition to a control film, two more films are made by adding AgNO3 solution (150 mL) and plant extract (150 mL) into filmogenic solutions. Addition of SNP improves tensile strength and decreases elongation at break of rice starch films. NC films show enhanced UV–vis light barrier properties due to increased color intensity and opacity. SNP added films exhibit lower water solubility, water holding capacity, and water vapor permeability. Scanning electron microscopy suggests that control film, SNP‐50, and SNP‐100 have the smoothest surfaces in comparison to all films. SNP incorporation delays biodegradation of films. Silver nanoparticles in the form of colloid, filmogenic solution, and even as discrete films show excellent antibacterial activity against common food pathogens. The SNP concentration significantly correlates (R2 = 0.62–0.96) to the functional properties of films.
The Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of the Pyridine‐4‐Aldehyde Schiff Bases Grafted Chloracetyl Chitosan Oligosaccharide Derivatives
Authors: Zhang Jingjing , Zhang Shijin , Wang Linqing , Tan Wenqiang , Li Qing , Guo Zhanyong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAs a reactive intermediate, chloracetyl chitosan oligosaccharide (CACS) can be nucleophilic substituted by some bioactive groups to give novel derivatives of chitosan oligosaccharide (COS). The Schiff bases of pyridine‐4‐aldehyde are grafted onto CACS to give four COS derivatives in this paper. Specific structural characterization is implemented by fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The degree of substitution (DS) of COS derivatives is quantitatively calculated by ratio of hydrogen proton integral. Their antioxidant property is evaluated using free radical scavenging assay towards 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and superoxide anion radicals, and the antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) is also investigated. The results revealed that the pyridine‐4‐aldehyde Schiff bases grafted chloracetyl chitosan oligosaccharide derivatives showed better antioxidant activity as well as antibacterial activity than COS and CACS, which may be related to the positive charge of these derivatives. Among all final products, derivative BPCACS with the highest DS has the best bioactivity with scavenging rate of 91.49% for the DPPH assay and inhibition diameter of 39.25 mm for S. aureus inhibitory assay, respectively. These results indicated that COS derivatives with enhanced biological activities could serve as potential biomaterial for antioxidant and antibacterial applications.
Impact of an educational intervention on public perception of brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome in brachycephalic dogs
Authors: Kenny Dan D. , Freemantle Rosie , Jeffery Andrea , Tivers Michael S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe popularity of brachycephalic dogs continues to increase despite inherent breed health problems. Increased education of current and potential brachycephalic dog owners could reduce the desirability of severely affected dogs.MethodsMembers of the general public were prospectively recruited to assess their understanding and opinions of brachycephalic breed‐related health problems, before and after an educational intervention on brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS).ResultsA total of 587 people participated. Before the intervention most participants considered characteristics of BOAS to be normal for brachycephalic dogs. Following the intervention this was moderately reduced. Responses highlighted that defining ‘normal’ for a breed is difficult. Referring to a trait as ‘normal’, even in a negative context results in normalisation. 99.7% of participants had an improved understanding of BOAS following the intervention. However, only 53.0% of the total participants and 29.3% of brachycephalic dog owning participants had their opinion of brachycephalic dogs changed. 99.5% of participants believed that potential owners should be more aware of BOAS and 57.3% of brachycephalic dog owners would have liked further information about breed health problems before purchasing their dog.ConclusionEducational interventions may be beneficial in improving understanding and awareness of BOAS however, normalisation of clinical signs of BOAS remains prevalent.
Isolation, identification and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Salmonella isolated from poultry farms in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Mohammed Yasin , Dubie Teshager 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundSalmonella has been found to be the major cause of foodborne diseases and a serious public health problem in the world, with an increasing concern for the emergence and spread of antimicrobial‐resistant strains.MethodA cross‐sectional study was conducted on poultry and poultry farms in Addis Ababa from February 2016 to April 2016 to determine the occurrence and evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Salmonella isolates. A total of 200 samples consisting of the cloacal swab (n = 168), pooled litter (n = 12), hand swab (n = 8), pooled feed and water (n = 12) were collected separately from six poultry farms. The samples were examined for the presence of Salmonella through culturing on bacteriological media. Descriptive statistics, Pearson's Chi‐square (X2) and bivariate logistic regression were used in the analysis of the data. Accordingly, out of 200 samples, 23 (11.50%) were Salmonella positive, of which 21(12.50%) were in cloacal swab and 2(16.67%) in the pooled litter. There was no statistical association between the bacteriological status of sample type and Salmonella positivity (X2 = 3.07, P = 0.545). However, there was a statistical association between farms and the rate of Salmonella isolation (X2 = 22.21, P ≤ 0.00). The antimicrobial susceptibility testing for Salmonella isolates was conducted following the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method (1961).ResultsOut of 23 samples tested, 95.65% of them were resistant to at least one or more antimicrobials. Multiple drug resistances were observed for 69.56% of Salmonella isolates. The highest resistance (73.9%) was observed in kanamycin followed by tetracycline (65.2%) and streptomycin (56.3%). gentamycin was the most effective antibiotic (95.7%; sensitivity) followed by ciprofloxacin (78.3% sensitivity) and ampicillin (69.6% sensitivity.ConclusionThis current study finding indicated that further detailed epidemiological and molecular studies are essential on the frequency and sources of acquisition of resistant genes.
In vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities of extracts and fractions of leaves of Ricinus communis Linn against selected pathogens
Authors: Kebede Bedaso , Shibeshi Workineh 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionInfectious disease impacts are reduced due to the development of antimicrobial agents. However, the effectiveness of antimicrobial agents is reduced over time because of the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. To overcome these problems, scholars have been searching for alternative medicines. Ricinus communis is used as a traditional treatment for bovine mastitis, wound infection, and other medicinal purposes.ObjectiveThe objective of the present study was to further evaluate the antimicrobial activities of R. communis leaf extracts and fractions.MethodsR. communis leaves were macerated in methanol and acetone. The methanol extract showed better antimicrobial activity and subjected to further fractionation via increasing polarity of solvents (n‐hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and aqueous). Test microorganisms included in the study were six laboratory reference bacteria (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Kleibsella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus pyogenes), two clinical isolate bacteria (E. coli and S. aureus), and Candida albicans. The agar well diffusion method was employed to determine antimicrobial activity. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentrations (MBC/MFC) were determined through broth microdilution.ResultsThe results indicated that the best antimicrobial activity for ethyl acetate fraction ranged from 14.67 mm (clinical E. coli) to 20.33 mm (S. aureus) at 400 mg/ml, however, n‐hexane exhibited the lowest antimicrobial activity. Among the tested fractions, ethyl acetate fraction showed the lowest MIC values ranged from 1.5625 mg/ml (S. aureus) to 16.67 mg/ml (Candida albicans). The ethyl acetate fraction showed bactericidal activity against all tested microorganisms.ConclusionHence, ethyl acetate fraction of crude methanol extract exhibited the best antimicrobial activity.
Isolation and identification of emergent multidrug‐resistant Stenotrophomonas maltophilia from skin ulcers of Sarcoptes‐infested pigs
Authors: Thenissery Anusree , Chandran Rithu , Ravindran Rajasekhar , Ravishankar Chintu , Piriyath Jishnu Haridas 
Published: February 2022

AbstractStenotrophomonas maltophilia is an emergent multidrug‐resistant bacterium. Clinical conditions caused by this bacterium range from skin and soft tissue infection to graver septicaemia and cardiac involvement in immunocompromised humans. A recent whole‐genome analysis corroborates the hypothesis of the potential contribution of animals as reservoirs for human infections, strengthening the possibility of zoonoses. This paper reports the isolation of S. maltophilia from skin ulcers of pigs, associated with sarcoptic mange. Swabs from five pigs with skin ulcers were collected and processed. The cultural, biochemical characterisation and antibiotic susceptibility testing of the isolates were performed. The isolated organisms were found to be of similar cultural morphology and biochemical characteristics. Two representative isolates were subjected to molecular characterisation targeting 16s ribosomal RNA (rRNA). The polymerase chain reaction product was subjected to sequencing followed by basic local alignment search tool analysis, confirming the organism as S. maltophilia. Antibiotic susceptibility testing using 11 different antibiotics revealed that the organism is multidrug resistant with susceptibility towards oxytetracycline and cotrimoxazole.
Natural‐clay‐reinforced hydrogel adsorbent: Rapid adsorption of heavy‐metal ions and dyes from textile wastewater
Authors: Wang Zhi‐Ke , Li Ting‐Ting , Peng Hao‐Kai , Ren Hai‐Tao , Lin Jia‐Horng , Lou Ching‐Wen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this study, two natural clay minerals were combined with hydrogels to study the influence of natural adsorbents on the adsorption performance of hydrogels. Here, we separately doped bentonite and vermiculite and discussed their mechanical properties and adsorption properties. It was found that the compressive performance of the hydrogel added with clay increased by 21.6% and the swelling performance decreased or increased to varying degrees. Regarding the adsorption performance of hydrogels, it can be seen from the adsorption Langmuir isotherm model that the adsorption capacity of clay–hydrogels is improved to varying degrees (6.6%–15.8%) compared with non‐clay–hydrogels, and clay–hydrogels have different degrees of improvement (6.6%–15.8%). The hydrogel has a removal efficiency of more than 95% for low concentrations of heavy‐metal ions and dyes. In addition, the clay–hydrogel has low cost and is easy to prepare, and can be recycled many times. Therefore, the material is of great significance for the treatment of pollutants.Practitioner Points

The effect of natural clay on the adsorption performance of hydrogels was studied.
Clay can enhance the compression and adsorption properties of hydrogels.
The adsorption mechanism and adsorption capacity of clay hydrogels were evaluated.
Synthesis and Electrochemical Behavior of Metal Carbonyl Isocyanoferrocene Compounds [M(CO)6‐n(C≡NFc)n] (M=Cr, Mo, W; n=1, 2, 3)
Authors: Mahrholdt Julia , Kovalski Eduard , Noll Julian , Vrček Valerije , Lang Heinrich 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe synthesis of [M(CO)6‐n(C≡NFc)n] (n=1: M=Cr, 3 a; M=Mo, 3 b; M=W, 3 c. n=2: M=Mo, 5. n=3: M=Mo, 6. Fc=Fe(η5−C5H4)(η5−C5H5)) by the reaction of [M(CO)5(thf)] (M=Cr, 1 a; M=Mo, 1 b; M=W 1 c) (synthesis of 3 a–c), [Mo(CO)4(nbd)] (4) (synthesis of 5) or [Mo(CO)6] (synthesis of 6) with FcN≡C (2) is discussed. IR studies confirm the formation of cis‐[Mo(CO)4(C≡NFc)2] (5) and mer‐[Mo(CO)3(C≡NFc)3] (6). The electrochemical behavior of 2, 3 a–c, 5 and 6 is reported. Compound 2 shows a reversible Fc redox event at E°1′=355 mV (ΔEp=60 mV). Upon complexation of 2 to M(CO)5 this wave is slightly shifted to E°′=335 (3 a), 345 (3 b) and 340 mV (3 c) showing that in 3 a–c the FcN≡C ligand is more easy to oxidize. The substitution of further CO ligands in 3 b by FcN≡C as characteristic for 5 and 6 influences the respective redox events insignificantly. Reversible oxidation of Cr occurs at 1045 mV (3 a) (ΔEp=60 mV), while for 3 b,c (3 b: 1170 mV, 3 c: 1290 mV) irreversible oxidations were observed. In addition, in situ spectroelectrochemical IR studies were carried out on 3 a–c. The results were further confirmed by DFT calculations.
A perturbative expansion scheme for supermembrane and matrix theory
Authors: Lechtenfeld Olaf , Nicolai Hermann 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe reconsider the supermembrane in a Minkowski background and in the light-cone gauge as a one-dimensional gauge theory of area preserving diffeomorphisms (APDs). Keeping the membrane tensionTas an independent parameter we show thatTis proportional to the gauge couplinggof this gauge theory, such that the small (large) tension limit of the supermembrane corresponds to the weak (strong) coupling limit of the APD gauge theory and its SU(N) matrix model approximation. A perturbative linearization of the supersymmetric theory suitable for a quantum mechanical path-integral treatment can be achieved by formulating a Nicolai map for the matrix model, which we work out explicitly to$$ \mathcal{O}\left({g}^4\right) $$Og4. The corresponding formulæ remain well-defined in the limitN → ∞; this result relies on a cancellation of infinities not present for the bosonic membrane, indicating that theN → ∞limit does not exist for the purely bosonic matrix model. Furthermore we show that the map has improved convergence properties in comparison with the usual perturbative expansions because its Jacobian admits an expansion ingwith a non-zero radius of convergence. Possible implications for unsolved issues with the matrix model of M theory are also mentioned.
Scattering amplitudes of Kaluza-Klein strings and extended massive double-copy
Authors: Li Yao , Hang Yan-Feng , He Hong-Jian , He Song 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We study the scattering amplitudes of massive Kaluza-Klein (KK) states of open and closed bosonic strings under toroidal compactification. We analyze the structure of vertex operators for the KK strings and derive an extended massive KLT-like relation which connects the N-point KK closed-string amplitude to the products of two KK open-string amplitudes at tree level. Taking the low energy field-theory limit of vanishing Regge slope, we derive double-copy construction formula of the N-point massive KK graviton amplitude from the sum of proper products of the corresponding KK gauge boson amplitudes. Then, using the string-based massive double-copy formula, we derive the exact tree-level four-point KK gauge boson amplitudes and KK graviton amplitudes, which fully agree with those given by the KK field-theory calculations. With these, we give an explicit prescription on constructing the exact four-point KK graviton amplitudes from the sum of proper products of the corresponding color-ordered KK gauge boson amplitudes. We further analyze the string-based double-copy construction of five-point and six-point scattering amplitudes of massive KK gauge bosons and KK gravitons.
Geodesically complete black holes in Lorentz-violating gravity
Authors: Carballo-Rubio Raúl , Di Filippo Francesco , Liberati Stefano , Visser Matt 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We present a systematic study of the geometric structure of non-singular spacetimes describing black holes in Lorentz-violating gravity. We start with a review of the definition of trapping horizons, and the associated notions of trapped and marginally trapped surfaces, and then study their significance in frameworks with modified dispersion relations. This leads us to introduce the notion of universally marginally trapped surfaces, as the direct generalization of marginally trapped surfaces for frameworks with infinite signal velocities (Hořava-like frameworks), which then allows us to define universal trapping horizons. We find that trapped surfaces cannot be generalized in the same way, and discuss in detail why this does not prevent using universal trapping horizons to define black holes in Hořava-like frameworks. We then explore the interplay between the kinematical part of Penrose’s singularity theorem, which implies the existence of incomplete null geodesics in the presence of a focusing point, and the existence of multiple different metrics. This allows us to present a complete classification of all possible geometries that neither display incomplete physical trajectories nor curvature singularities. Our main result is that not all classes that exist in frameworks in which all signal velocities are realized in Hořava-like frameworks. However, the taxonomy of geodesically complete black holes in Hořava-like frameworks includes diverse scenarios such as evaporating regular black holes, regular black holes bouncing into regular white holes, and hidden wormholes.
Interacting systems and wormholes
Authors: Betzios P. , Kiritsis E. , Papadoulaki O. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We consider a class of tripartite systems for which two d-dimensional QFTs are cross-coupled via a third d + 1-dimensional “messenger” QFT. We analyse in detail the example of a pair of one-dimensional matrix quantum mechanics) coupled via a two­dimensional theory of the BF-type and compute its partition function and simple correlators. This construction is extendible in higher dimensions) using a Chern-Simons “messenger” theory. In all such examples, the exact partition function acquires a form, speculated to correspond to systems dual to Euclidean wormholes and the cross correlators are sufficiently soft and consistent with analogous gravitational calculations. Another variant of the tripartite system is studied, where the messenger theory is described by a non-self-interacting (matrix)-field, reaching similar conclusions. While the Euclidean theories we consider are perfectly consistent, the two possible analytic continuations into Lorentzian signature (messenger vs. boundary QFT directions) of the tripartite models, reveal physical features and “pathologies” resembling those of the expected Lorentzian gravitational backgrounds.