bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Staphylococcus aureus infections after elective pediatric surgeries
Authors: Munjal Iona M. , Dreyfus Jill , Yu Holly , Begier Elizabeth , Gurtman Alejandra , Gayle Julie A. , Olsen Margaret A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjective:To determine the 180-day cumulative incidence of culture-confirmed Staphylococcus aureus infections after elective pediatric surgeries.Design:Retrospective cohort study utilizing the Premier Healthcare database (PHD).Setting:Inpatient and hospital-based outpatient elective surgical discharges.Patients:Pediatric patients <18 years who underwent surgery during elective admissions between July 1, 2010, and June 30, 2015, at any of 181 PHD hospitals reporting microbiology results.Methods:In total, 74 surgical categories were defined using ICD-9-CM and CPT procedure codes. Microbiology results and ICD-9-CM diagnosis codes defined S. aureus infection types: bloodstream infection (BSI), surgical site infection (SSI), and other types (urinary tract, respiratory, and all other). Cumulative postsurgical infection incidence was calculated as the number of infections divided by the number of discharges with qualifying elective surgeries.Results:Among 11,874 inpatient surgical discharges, 180-day S. aureus infection incidence was 1.79% overall (1.00% SSI, 0.35% BSI, 0.45% other). Incidence was highest among children <2 years of age (2.76%) and lowest for those 10–17 years (1.49%). Among 50,698 outpatient surgical discharges, incidence was 0.36% overall (0.23% SSI, 0.05% BSI, 0.08% others); it was highest among children <2 years of age (0.57%) and lowest for those aged 10–17 years (0.30%). MRSA incidence was significantly higher after inpatient surgeries (0.68%) than after outpatient surgeries (0.14%; P < .0001). Overall, the median days to S. aureus infection was longer after outpatient surgery than after inpatient surgery (39 vs. 31 days; P = .0116).Conclusions:These findings illustrate the burden of postoperative S. aureus infections in the pediatric population, particularly among young children. These results underscore the need for continued infection prevention efforts and longer-term surveillance after surgery.
Soviet Persian Anthologies: Transnational, Multinational, International
Authors: Hodgkin Samuel 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn scholarship on post-Persianate literary modernity, the emergence of the new institution of literature is often conflated with the delimitation and reification of national cultures as different manifestations of a single process. This article examines three anthologies of Persian literature from the interwar Persophone Soviet Union to reconsider the relationship between state cultural institutions’ procedures of literary modernization and nationalization. The anthologies mark out the stages by which classical Persian literature was portioned out to Soviet Eastern nationalities, and in particular the advent of Tajik literary history, but they also reveal the degree to which national literatures coevolved with new post-Persianate literary cosmopolitanisms and internationalisms.
Re-examining Salon Space: Structuring Audiences and Music at Parisian Receptions
Authors: VILKNER NICOLE 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHistorians have viewed nineteenth-century music salons in Paris as concert-like environments where performers and audience gathered in a designated music room. Architectural studies and first-hand accounts, however, show that the music salon incorporated multiple reception rooms, and that guests frequently listened to musical performances from adjoining spaces. While conceptual space has been a subject central to salon studies, this project analyses material space, re-evaluating how the architecture of the salon influenced audience structure, listening modes and compositional practices. This architecture was ultimately central to the development of salon opera, which flourished between 1850 and the 1870s and was epitomized by Gustave Nadaud’s Le docteur Vieuxtemps (1854).
The Fragility of Liberal Democracy: A Schmittian Response to the Constitutional Crisis in South Korea (1948–79)
Authors: Yi Kyung Min 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWhat is the legal source of legitimacy in political authority? This pressing question made a striking appearance on the South Korean scene when, since its inception in 1948, a popular backlash against a liberal democracy perceived as foreign and unjuridical erupted in the forms of terror, insurgency, mutiny, and putsch. Park Chung Hee's successful assumption of power through his 1961 coup d’état provided an implicit response, recasting the Korean concepts of legality and legitimacy. Han T'ae Yŏn was a key figure in this national dispute. Armed with Carl Schmitt's canon, Han gave a decisive verdict on how Korean liberal democracy had been eclipsed under the two spuriously liberal governments of Syngman Rhee and Chang Myŏn. His legal apology for Park's authoritarian constitutional regime echoed Schmitt's defense of the Führer by invoking the president as an incarnation of the will of the people as a whole. This article intends to revisit Schmitt's accusation of judicial positivism for its failure to deliver a genuine voice of the people in the case of a non-Western society.
Electric toy car to reduce anxiety before a cardiac catherisation: randomised controlled trial
Authors: Chambon Edouard , Fournier Emmanuelle , Tagorti Maha , Lecerf Florence , Chaouche Nadera , Ion Iolanda , Bojan Mirela , Cohen Sarah , Van-Aerschot Isabelle , Mostefa-Kara Meriem , Batteux Clément , Petit Jérome , Hascoet Sébastien 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground:Anxiety before an invasive intervention is associated in children with persistent psychological disorders. We studied the effect of the transfer to the catheterisation room by an electric toy car on the anxiety of children and their parents before a cardiac catheterisation.Methods:Forty-eight children with a median age of 5.6 years [4.2–7.0] were randomised to either riding on an electric car to go to the catheterisation laboratory or being transported lying supine on a gurney. Anxiety assessments were performed by a physician blinded to group allocation on the day before the procedure (T0) and at anaesthesia induction (T1). The modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale Short Form (mYPAS-SF) and visual analogue scale for anxiety (VAS-A) were used in the children and the VAS-A in the parents.Results:The mYPAS-SF, VAS-A-child, and the VAS-A-parent scores were significantly higher at T1 than at T0 (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, and p = 0.005, respectively). The primary outcome (the median mYPAS-SF score at T1) was not significantly different in the two groups when males and females were combined. At T1, the VAS-A-child score, however, was significantly lower in the intervention than the control group (22 versus 55, p < 0.001). In the boys, the median mYPAS-SF score at T1 was significantly lower in the intervention group (25.0 versus 51.0, p = 0.024). No difference was observed in girls. The VAS-A parent score was lower at T1 in the intervention group (60 versus 87, p = 0.05).Conclusion:Riding to the catheterisation laboratory on an electric toy car decreased anxiety in boys and decreased parental anxiety.
Special issue introduction: Towards a global history of international organizations and decolonization
Authors: Muschik Eva-Maria 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDecolonization and the expansion of international organizations in the twentieth century are crucial developments in modern global history, yet scholars have seldom closely studied their impact on one another. While decolonization is often presented as the ‘success story’ of international organizations, these bodies have also been condemned as instruments of neocolonialism. This introduction and special issue moves beyond this binary and investigates the multifaceted roles that international organizations have played in decolonizing countries and how the dissolution of European empires has in turn affected the development of international organizations. International organizations were neither straightforward tools of empire or neocolonialism, nor natural instruments for ‘Third World’ liberation. Rather, the contributions collected here underline a history of decolonization that defies any teleological framing and emphasizes diverse trajectories of global interaction facilitated through international organizations. The introduction offers an overview of recent literature on the topic and discusses promising avenues for further research.
The Nazas-Aguanaval Group: Radical Priests, Catholic Networks, and Maoist Politics in Northern Mexico
Authors: Puma Jorge 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article deals with the emergence of the Nazas-Aguanaval group of priests in the northern region of La Laguna, in northern Mexico, after the Second Vatican Council and the 1968 Medellín Conference of the Latin American Episcopal Council (CELAM). I argue that both the reformism of the Second Vatican council and the push for a “preferential option for the poor” provided the space for an alliance between the progressive priests of the Nazas-Aguanaval group and the Maoist activists of Política Popular (People's Politics, PP). In this context, it was the Nazas-Aguanaval priests who introduced Política Popular's Maoism in La Laguna and Chiapas among peasants and students. At the same time, the radical tradition and economic conditions of La Laguna made it possible for local left-wing activists to connect with transnational currents such as the Movement of Priests for the Third World and Christians for Socialism. Based on a broad array of sources—including oral histories, Maoist pamphlets, local newspapers, Mexican security archives, and documentation from Mexican and Latin American priests’ organizations—this article brings together the regional history of protest in La Laguna, the historiography of the Global Sixties, and the history of the progressive factions of the Catholic Church in Latin America.
Regional Index Insurance Using Satellite‐Based Fractional Flooded Area
Authors: Tellman Beth , Lall Upmanu , Islam A. K. M. Saiful , Bhuyan Md Ariffuzaman 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEmerging parametric insurance products targeted at regional governments consider an index of flooding as the instrument for payoff and rate setting. Inundation extent from satellite remote sensing may provide a more direct measure of flood risk in this context than hydraulic modeling of flow and inundation. Here, we examine satellite‐based fractional inundated area as a proxy for flood impact that can be used for index insurance payment at a regional scale. Typical methods for estimating return periods from unbounded distributions such as the Generalized Extreme Value distribution are not appropriate for fractional flooded area, which is bounded by 0 and 1. Here we examine alternative bounded distributions (2 parameter and a 4 parameter Beta) to estimate return periods and quantify uncertainty using a bootstrap sampling procedure for the short duration satellite record of fractional flooded area. We consider two examples with distinct flood dynamics (a) a country (Bangladesh) where a flood can cover the majority of the land surface, and (b) a river basin (the Rio Salado basin in Argentina) where the worst flood covered only a modest fraction of the watershed. We explore how a parametric insurance policy based on fractional flooded area could be priced based on a typical approach used in the industry, that accounts for uncertainty for small sample estimation. Our exploratory approach to model selection illustrates how estimating the uncertainty price influences insurance contract pricing and is important to consider the choice of distribution beyond just the traditional measures of goodness of fit.
Weak, Seismogenic Faults Inherited From Mesozoic Rifts Control Mountain Building in the Andean Foreland
Authors: Wimpenny Sam 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNew earthquake focal mechanism and centroid depth estimates show that the deformation style in the forelands of the Andes is spatially correlated with rift systems that stretched the South American lithosphere in the Mesozoic. Where the rifts trend sub‐parallel to the Andean range front, normal faults inherited from the rifts are being reactivated as reverse faults, causing the 30–45 km thick seismogenic layer to break up. Where the rift systems are absent from beneath the range front, the seismogenic layer is bending and being thrust beneath the Andes like a rigid plate. Force‐balance calculations show that the faults inerhited from former rift zones have an effective coefficient of static friction μ′ < 0.2. In order for these frictionally weak faults to remain seismogenic in the lower crust, their wall rocks are likely to be formed of dry granulite. Xenolith data support this view, and suggest that parts of the lower crust are now mostly metastable, having experienced temperatures at least 75–250°C hotter than present. The conditions in the lower crust make it unlikely that highly pressurized free water, or networks of intrinsically weak phyllosilicate minerals, are the cause of their low effective friction, as, at such high temperatures, both mechanisms would cause the faults to deform through viscous creep and not frictional slip. Therefore pre‐existing faults in the Andean forelands have remained weak and seismogenic after reactivation, and have influenced the style of mountain building in South America. However, the controls on their mechanical properties in the lower crust remain unclear.
Effect of Impurities on Polycrystal Anelasticity
Authors: Takei Yasuko 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRock anelasticity causes seismic low velocity and high attenuation if, and only if, attenuation spectrum has a large “high‐frequency peak” superposed on the monotonic background. As a result, it is critical to define the conditions for peak existence. It is known that a large and broad high‐frequency peak exists at near solidus temperatures because grain boundary sliding is enhanced by the significant increase in grain boundary disorder called pre‐melting. The current study experimentally investigated the high‐frequency peak caused by impurities using organic polycrystals as an analog to mantle rock. A method for removing impurities was developed and anelasticity, viscosity, and grain growth rate of polycrystalline borneol with and without impurities were measured. The results showed that impurities can also significantly disorder the grain boundaries and cause a large and broad high‐frequency peak. This impurity‐induced peak disappeared, when the impurities were removed. On the basis of these results, this study draws a conclusion that the existence or non‐existence of the high‐frequency peak is strongly coupled with the grain boundary structure. This study also shows that the underlying mechanism of the peak is diffusionally accommodated grain boundary sliding, which is different from the prediction of existing models, and that further refinement of the models is needed. I further confirmed that the effects of impurities were minor in the published data which demonstrated the mechanical effects of premelting.
Insignia of the Royal Army Dental Corps and Commonwealth Dental Corps
Authors: Radford David R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe insignia worn by the British and Commonwealth Armed Services are rich in symbolism and meaning to the corps and regiments that wear them. Originally, before the adoption of national uniforms pre-1700s, there was little to distinguish friend from foe. To overcome that problem, certainly in battle, it was common practice to wear some sort of distinctive emblem, such as a sprig of a native plant. This then developed, in the reign of Charles II, to the custom of individual regiments or corps adopting devices and designs of their 'colours', through to modern cap and collar badges.On the centenary of the Royal Army Dental Corps, this paper gives some insight into those designs adopted by the Royal and Commonwealth Dental Corps, when a distinct service of dental care was recognised. They give a fascinating insight into the adoption and amalgamation of both national and dental symbols. The Dental Corps, separate from Army Medical Corps, went on to develop the vital provision of dental healthcare, both in the field and at home.
A qualitative exploration of decisions about dental recall intervals - Part 1: attitudes of NHS general dental practitioners to NICE guideline CG19 on the interval between oral health reviews
Authors: Scott Hannah , Cope Anwen L. , Wood Fiona , Joseph-Williams Natalie , Karki Anup , Roberts Emyr M. , Lovell-Smith Candida , Chestnutt Ivor G. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroduction The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) Guideline CG19 recommends that the intervals between oral health reviews should be tailored to patients' disease risk. However, evidence suggests that most patients still attend at six-monthly intervals.Aim To explore facilitators and barriers to the implementation of CG19 in general dental practice.Methods Semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with 25 NHS general dental practitioners (GDPs) in Wales, UK. Transcripts were thematically analysed.Results Dentists described integrating information on clinical risk, patients' social and dental history, and professional judgement when making decisions about recall interval. Although most GDPs reported routinely using risk-based recall intervals, a number of barriers exist to recall intervals at the extremes of the NICE recommendations. Many practitioners were unwilling to extend recall intervals to 24 months, even for the lowest-risk patients. Conversely, dentists described how it could be challenging to secure the agreement of high-risk patients to three-month recalls. In addition, time and workload pressures, the need to meet contractual obligations, pressure from contracting organisations and the fear of litigation also influenced the implementation of risk-based recalls.Conclusions Although awareness of the NICE Guideline CG19 was high, there is a need to explore how risk-based recalls may be best supported through contractual mechanisms.
Novel anti-apoptotic L-DOPA precursors SuperDopa and SuperDopamide as potential neuroprotective agents for halting/delaying progression of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Wiesen Tom , Atlas Daphne 
Published: March 2022

AbstractParkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by a gradual degeneration of the dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpC). Levodopa, the standard PD treatment, provides the missing dopamine in SNpC, but ultimately after a honeymoon with levodopa treatment the neurodegenerative process and the progression of the disease continue. Aimed at prolonging the life of dopaminergic cells, we prepared the levodopa precursors SuperDopa (SD) and SueprDopamide (SDA), in which levodopa is merged with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) into a single molecule. Rotenone is a mitochondrial complex inhibitor often used as experimental model of PD. In vivo, SD and SDA treatment show a significant relief of motor disabilities in rotenone-injected rats. SD and SDA also lower rotenone-induced-α-synuclein (α-syn) expression in human SH-SY5Y cells, and α-syn oligomerization in α-syn-overexpressing-HEK293 cells. In the neuronal SH-SY5Y cells, SD and SDA reverse oxidative stress-induced phosphorylation of cJun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38-mitogen-activated kinase (p38MAPK). Attenuation of the MAPK-inflammatory/apoptotic pathway in SH-SY5Y cells concurrent with protection of rotenone-triggered motor impairment in rats, is a manifestation of the combined antioxidant/anti-inflammatory activity of SD and SDA together with levodopa release. The concept of joined therapies into a single molecule, where levodopa precursors confer antioxidant activity by enabling NAC delivery across the BBB, provides a potential disease-modifying treatment for slowing PD progression.
Super-enhancers and novel therapeutic targets in colorectal cancer
Authors: Liu Qian , Guo Lijuan , Lou Zhiyuan , Xiang Xueping , Shao Jimin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTranscription factors, cofactors, chromatin regulators, and transcription apparatuses interact with transcriptional regulatory elements, including promoters, enhancers, and super-enhancers (SEs), to coordinately regulate the transcription of target genes and thereby control cell behaviors. Among these transcriptional regulatory components and related elements, SEs often play a central role in determining cell identity and tumor initiation and progression. Therefore, oncogenic SEs, which are generated within cancer cells in oncogenes and other genes important in tumor pathogenesis, have emerged as attractive targets for novel cancer therapeutic strategies in recent years. Herein, we review the identification, formation and activation modes, and regulatory mechanisms for downstream genes and pathways of oncogenic SEs. We also review the therapeutic strategies and compounds targeting oncogenic SEs in colorectal cancer and other malignancies.
ALKBH3-dependent m1A demethylation of Aurora A mRNA inhibits ciliogenesis
Authors: Kuang Wenjun , Jin Hao , Yang Feng , Chen Xiying , Liu Jianzhao , Li Ting , Chang Yongxia , Liu Min , Xu Zhangqi , Huo Chunxiao , Yan Xiaoyi , Yang Yuehong , Liu Wei , Shu Qiang , Xie Shanshan , Zhou Tianhua 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPrimary cilia are antenna-like subcellular structures to act as signaling platforms to regulate many cellular processes and embryonic development. m1A RNA modification plays key roles in RNA metabolism and gene expression; however, the physiological function of m1A modification remains largely unknown. Here we find that the m1A demethylase ALKBH3 significantly inhibits ciliogenesis in mammalian cells by its demethylation activity. Mechanistically, ALKBH3 removes m1A sites on mRNA of Aurora A, a master suppressor of ciliogenesis. Depletion of ALKBH3 enhances Aurora A mRNA decay and inhibits its translation. Moreover, alkbh3 morphants exhibit ciliary defects, including curved body, pericardial edema, abnormal otoliths, and dilation in pronephric ducts in zebrafish embryos, which are significantly rescued by wild-type alkbh3, but not by its catalytically inactive mutant. The ciliary defects caused by ALKBH3 depletion in both vertebrate cells and embryos are also significantly reversed by ectopic expression of Aurora A mRNA. Together, our data indicate that ALKBH3-dependent m1A demethylation has a crucial role in the regulation of Aurora A mRNA, which is essential for ciliogenesis and cilia-associated developmental events in vertebrates.
Light-dependent ionic-electronic conduction in an amorphous octahedral molybdenum cluster thin film
Authors: Harada Kenshi , Nguyen Thi Kim Ngan , Grasset Fabien , Comby-Zerbino Clothilde , MacAleese Luke , Chirot Fabien , Dugourd Philippe , Dumait Noée , Cordier Stéphane , Ohashi Naoki , Matsuda Motohide , Uchikoshi Tetsuo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe developed a new environment-sensing device based on the opto-ionic-electronic phenomena of an octahedral molybdenum metal (Mo6) cluster. When the Mo6 cluster is electrochemically deposited on a transparent electrode in an organic solvent containing a trace amount of water, the water permeates the deposited film. During the process, some ligand species that stabilize the frame structure of the Mo6 cluster are substituted with hydroxyl groups, and the negatively charged frame structure of the Mo6 cluster unit is stabilized by hydronium counterions. As a result, the transparent film of the Mo6 cluster fabricated by this method exhibits ionic-electronic mixed conduction of the hydronium ion. The ionic conduction greatly changes depending on the temperature and humidity in the atmosphere, and the electrical conductivity greatly changes depending on the wavelength and intensity of the irradiated light. These unique multisensing properties present new possibilities for environmental sensing applications.