bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bone mineral density changes in osteoporotic and osteopenic patients after COVID-19 infection
Authors: Elmedany Samah Hamdy , Badr Omaima Ibrahim , Abu-Zaid Mohammed Hassan , Tabra Samar Abd Alhamed 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection is linked to high levels of inflammatory cytokines and prolonged immobilization; furthermore, corticosteroid treatment leads to increased bone loss and resorption. We aimed to study the change in bone mineral density (BMD) after COVID-19 infection in osteoporotic and osteopenic patients. One hundred osteoporotic or osteopenic patients were selected in this single-center retrospective study; the patients were divided into two groups. Group 1 included 56 patients who got COVID-19 infection. Group 2 included 44 patients who did not get COVID-19 infection. BMD was assessed at baseline, after 9 months of COVID infection, and then after 1 year follow-up using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan.

Results
There was no significant difference between two groups regarding demographic data (p > 0.05); there was a significant decrease in BMD of the lumbar region and femur at 9 months as compared to baseline in group1 (p < 0.001), while there was a significant increase in the lumbar BMD of osteoporotic patients who did not get COVID infection after 21 months. Concerning activity of COVID infection, there was a significant difference between the three subgroups of COVID patients regarding percentage of change in BMD after 9 months, the severe group having the highest decrease in BMD (p < 0.001).

Conclusions
COVID-19 may have deleterious effect on BMD in osteoporotic patients. It is recommended to assess BMD in osteoporotic/osteopenic patients who got COVID infection to detect if there is an increased risk of fracture which may necessitate post-COVID change in the therapeutic intervention plan.
Challenges and Strategies for Solubility Measurements and Dissolution Method Development for Amorphous Solid Dispersion Formulations
Authors: Hermans Andre , Milsmann Johanna , Li Hanlin , Jede Christian , Moir Andrea , Hens Bart , Morgado James , Wu Tian , Cohen Michael 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This manuscript represents the view of the Dissolution Working Group of the IQ Consortium on the challenges of and recommendations on solubility measurements and development of dissolution methods for immediate release (IR) solid oral dosage forms formulated with amorphous solid dispersions. Nowadays, numerous compounds populate the industrial pipeline as promising drug candidates yet suffer from low aqueous solubility. In the oral drug product development process, solubility along with permeability is a key determinant to assure sufficient drug absorption along the intestinal tract. Formulating the drug candidate as an amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) is one potential option to address this issue. These formulations demonstrate the rapid onset of drug dissolution and can achieve supersaturated concentrations, which poses significant challenges to appropriately characterize solubility and develop quality control dissolution methods. This review strives to categorize the different dissolution and solubility challenges for ASD associated with 3 different topics: (i) definition of solubility and sink conditions for ASD dissolution, (ii) applications and development of non-sink dissolution (according to conventional definition) for ASD formulation screening and QC method development, and (iii) the advantages and disadvantages of using dissolution in detecting crystallinity in ASD formulations. Related to these challenges, successful examples of dissolution experiments in the context of control strategies are shared and may lead as an example for scientific consensus concerning dissolution testing of ASD.
Disrupted Circadian Rhythm of Epinephrine in Males With Youth-Onset Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Giessner Stephanie , Ramaker Megan E , Blew Kathryn , Crawford Matthew L , Grant Russell P , Bain James R , Muehlbauer Michael , Jain Nina , Hsia Daniel S , Armstrong Sarah , Freemark Michael , Gumus Balikcioglu Pinar 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Context
Blood pressure and plasma catecholamines normally decline during sleep and rapidly increase in early morning. This is blunted in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Objective
We hypothesize that increased sympatho-adrenal activity during sleep differentiates youth with T2D from nondiabetic obese youth and lean youth.

Methods
Fasting spot morning and 24-hour urines were collected in obese adolescents with and without T2D, and normal-weight controls. Fractionated free urine catecholamines (epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine) were measured, and the ratio of fasting spot morning to 24-hour catecholamines was calculated.

Results
Urinary 24-hour catecholamine levels were comparable across the 3 groups. Fasting morning epinephrine and the ratio of fasting morning/24-hour epinephrine were higher in youth with T2D (P = 0.004 and P = 0.035, respectively). In males, the ratio of fasting morning/24-hour epinephrine was also higher in youth with T2D (P = 0.005). In females, fasting morning norepinephrine and the ratio of fasting morning/24-hour dopamine were lower in obese youth with and without T2D (P = 0.013 and P = 0.005, respectively) compared with lean youth. Systolic blood pressure was higher in diabetic participants than other groups; males trended higher than females.

Conclusion
Circadian rhythm in catecholamines is disrupted in youth-onset T2D, with a blunted overnight fall in urinary epinephrine in males. Conversely, fasting morning norepinephrine and dopamine levels were lower in obese females with or without T2D. Higher nocturnal catecholamines in males with T2D might associate with, or predispose to, hypertension and cardiovascular complications. Lower catecholamine excretion in females with obesity might serve an adaptive, protective role.
Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibition Benefits in Cardiorenal Risk in Men and Women
Authors: Pruett Jacob E , Lirette Seth T , Romero Damian G , Yanes Cardozo Licy L 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Introduction
In addition to their antihyperglycemic action, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are used in patients with type 2 diabetes due to their cardioprotective effects. Meta-analyses of large clinical trials have reported mixed results when examining sex differences in their cardioprotective effects. For example, some studies reported that, compared to women, men had a greater reduction in cardiovascular risk with SGLT2 inhibition. Taking advantage of several recently completed large-scale randomized controlled clinical trials, we tested the hypothesis that women have an attenuated response in primary cardiorenal outcomes to SGLT2 inhibition compared to men.

Methods
We performed a systematic search using PubMed and the Cochrane Library to find completed large-scale, prospective, randomized controlled Phase III clinical trials with primary outcomes testing cardiovascular or renal benefit. Studies had to include at least 1000 participants and report data about sex differences in their primary cardiovascular or renal outcomes.

Results
The present meta-analysis confirmed that SGLT2 inhibition decreased adverse cardiorenal outcomes in a pooled sex analysis using 13 large-scale clinical trials. SGLT2 inhibition exhibited similar reduction in hazard ratios for both men (0.79, 95% CI, 0.73-0.85) and women (0.78, 95% CI, 0.72-0.84) for adverse cardiorenal outcomes.

Conclusion
In contrast to previous findings, our updated meta-analysis suggests that women and men experience similar cardiorenal benefit in response to SGLT2 inhibition. These findings strongly suggest that SGLT2 inhibition therapy should be considered in patients with high risk for cardiovascular disease irrespective of the patient sex.
Comparison of Neuroform Atlas Stent-Assisted Coiling and Coiling Alone in Ruptured Intracranial Aneurysms: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis
Authors: Yi Ho Jun , Shin Dong-Seong , Kim Bum-Tae , Lee Dong Hoon , Sung Jae Hoon 
Published: December 2022

BACKGROUND:
Although Neuroform Atlas stent is commonly used in stent-assisted coiling (SAC) to treat ruptured intracranial aneurysms (RIA), its safety and efficacy remain controversial.

OBJECTIVE:
To assess the safety and efficacy of SAC using Neuroform Atlas for treating RIA compared with coiling alone by performing a propensity score matching analysis.

METHODS:
RIA treated with coiling alone and SAC between January 2017 and May 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Demographics, periprocedural complication rates, angiographic outcomes, and clinical outcomes of the SAC using Neuroform Atlas group and the coiling-alone group were analyzed with 1:1 propensity score matching.

RESULTS:
A total of 375 aneurysms were enrolled, and 274 (63.1%) aneurysms were treated with coiling alone. In total, 101 (26.9%) aneurysms were treated with SAC, and Neuroform Atlas stent was used in 71 aneurysms. In propensity score matching, the SAC using Neuroform Atlas group showed higher incidence of complete occlusion (69.0% vs 56.3%, P = .029), lower rate of recanalization (11.3% vs 25.4%, P = .011), and lesser need for retreatment (7.0% vs 16.9%, P = .016) compared with the coiling-alone group. However, there were no significant differences in periprocedural complications such as intraprocedural thrombosis or postprocedural cerebral infarct between the 2 groups.

CONCLUSION:
The use of Neuroform Atlas is safe and effective for SAC in RIA with comparable procedure-related complication rates but better angiographic outcome in comparison with coiling alone.
Favorable Long-Term Outcomes of Chordoid Meningioma Compared With the Other WHO Grade 2 Meningioma Subtypes
Authors: Ren Leihao , Hua Lingyang , Deng Jiaojiao , Cheng Haixia , Wang Daijun , Chen Jiawei , Xie Qing , Wakimoto Hiroaki , Gong Ye 
Published: December 2022

BACKGROUND:
WHO grade 2 meningiomas, including atypical, chordoid, and clear cell subtypes, form a heterogenous group of meningiomas with varying aggressiveness and clinical behavior.

OBJECTIVE:
To demonstrate the differences of clinical-histopathological characteristics and long-term outcomes among these 3 subtypes.

METHODS:
A total of 609 consecutive patients diagnosed with WHO grade 2 meningiomas (543 atypical meningiomas [AMs], 36 chordoid meningiomas [CMs], and 30 clear cell meningiomas [CCMs]) from 2010 to 2018 were enrolled in this study. We compared the clinical-histopathological characteristics and long-term outcomes in these 3 subtypes and assessed survival differences among the subtypes. Targeted panel sequencing of meningioma-relevant genes was performed in the cases of CM.

RESULTS:
The patients with CCM were significantly younger than those with AM (P < .001) and CM (P = .016). CMs were more likely to receive gross total resection than AMs and CCMs (P = .033). The Ki-67 index was lower (P < .001) while the progesterone receptors-positive rate was higher (P = .034) in CM than in AM and CCM. Importantly, survival analysis demonstrated that CM had better progression-free survival (P = .022) and overall survival (P = .0056) than non-CM tumors. However, the PFS of CM was still worse than WHO grade 1 meningiomas (P < .001). Alterations in NF2 (20.6%) and KMT2C (26.5%) were associated with poorer PFS in CM (P = .013 for NF2; P = .021 for KMT2C).

CONCLUSION:
Patients with CM had better long-term postoperative outcomes than the other WHO grade 2 subtypes. A lower Ki-67 index, higher PR status, higher extent of resection, and lower frequency of NF2 alteration might contribute to favorable clinical outcomes of CM.
Community-based case studies of vaccine hesitancy and the COVID-19 response in South Africa - study protocol
Authors: Wiysonge Charles Shey , Coulson Nancy , Pillay Nirvana , Cooper Sara , Groenewald Candice , Essack Zaynab , Parker Saahier , Houston Gregory , Simmonds Jane , Jaca Anelisa , Mutemwa Muyunda , Katoto Patrick DMC , Rooyen Heidi van 
Published: December 2022

Background: In 2021 the South African government launched a large COVID-19 immunization campaign with the goal of reaching more than 40 million individuals. Nonetheless, certain international largely internet-based surveys at the time showed a significant proportion of vaccine hesitancy in South Africa. This study aims to determine and co-create with local stakeholders a comprehensive understanding of vaccine hesitancy and opportunities to support the promotion of other COVID-19 health-promoting behaviours at community level. Methods: A mixed-methods multiple case-study design; informed by the socio-ecological model of behaviour change. Four socio-economically diverse communities across South Africa will be selected and data collection will take place concurrently through three iterative phases. Phase 1 will provide insights into community experiences of COVID-19 (response) through desktop mapping exercises, observations, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions (FGDs) designed as expression sessions with local stakeholders. Phase 2 will explore the extent and drivers of community acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines. This phase will comprise a survey based on WHO’s Behavioural and Social Drivers of Vaccination tool as well as further FGDs with community members. Phase 3 will involve cross-case study syntheses and presentation of findings to national role-players. Discussion: This study will provide ground up, locally responsive, and timeous evidence on the factors influencing COVID-19 health-seeking behaviours to inform ongoing management and mitigation of COVID-19 in South Africa. It will also provide insights into the applicability of a novel vaccine hesitancy model in Africa.
The Principles of Subsidiarity and Decentralisation During the COVID-19 Pandemic, with Particular Emphasis on the Polish and Finnish Legal Systems
Authors: Bunikowski Dawid , Musiałkiewicz Robert 
Published: December 2022

The article focuses on the principles of subsidiarity and decentralisation during the COVID-19 pandemic, with particular emphasis on the Polish and Finnish legal systems (both countries in the Baltic Sea Region). How were those constitutional principles concerning self-government “treated” (dealt with) by public authorities? It analyses the principles of subsidiarity and decentralisation, interpretations of the principle of decentralisation in both Poland and Finland, relations between the state and local self-government, cooperation between the government and self-government administration in combating the pandemic in selected countries, and Polish and Finnish regulations during the pandemic. Methodologically speaking, many different methods and sources are applied. The methodological approach is analytical (analysis of legal acts, literature, media releases and different reports), but also empirical (observation of reality). The thesis is that the principles of subsidiarity and decentralisation during the COVID-19 pandemic were commonly disregarded during the pandemic.
A Practical End-to-End Inventory Management Model with Deep Learning
Authors: Qi Meng , Shi Yuanyuan , Qi Yongzhi , Ma Chenxin , Yuan Rong , Wu Di , Shen Zuo-Jun (Max) 
Published: December 2022

We investigate a data-driven multiperiod inventory replenishment problem with uncertain demand and vendor lead time (VLT) with accessibility to a large quantity of historical data. Different from the traditional two-step predict-then-optimize (PTO) solution framework, we propose a one-step end-to-end (E2E) framework that uses deep learning models to output the suggested replenishment amount directly from input features without any intermediate step. The E2E model is trained to capture the behavior of the optimal dynamic programming solution under historical observations without any prior assumptions on the distributions of the demand and the VLT. By conducting a series of thorough numerical experiments using real data from one of the leading e-commerce companies, we demonstrate the advantages of the proposed E2E model over conventional PTO frameworks. We also conduct a field experiment with JD.com, and the results show that our new algorithm reduces holding cost, stockout cost, total inventory cost, and turnover rate substantially compared with JD’s current practice. For the supply chain management industry, our E2E model shortens the decision process and provides an automatic inventory management solution with the possibility to generalize and scale. The concept of E2E, which uses the input information directly for the ultimate goal, can also be useful in practice for other supply chain management circumstances.This paper was accepted by Hamid Nazerzadeh, big data analytics.Funding: This research was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China [Grant 2018YFB1700600] and National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 71991462 and 91746210].Supplemental Material: The online data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4564 .
The Economics of Security Analysis
Authors: Hou Kewei , Mo Haitao , Xue Chen , Zhang Lu 
Published: December 2022

The investment capital asset pricing model, in which expected returns vary cross-sectionally with investment, profitability, and expected growth, provides an equilibrium foundation for Graham and Dodd’s security analysis. The q5 model is a good start to explaining prominent security analysis strategies, such as Abarbanell and Bushee’s fundamental signals, Frankel and Lee’s intrinsic to market, Greenblatt’s “magic formula,” Asness et al.’s quality minus junk, Bartram and Grinblatt’s agnostic analysis, operating cash flow to market, and Penman and Zhu’s expected-return strategy as well as best performing active discretionary funds, such as Buffett’s Berkshire Hathaway. This paper was accepted by Lukas Schmid, finance. Supplemental Material: The internet appendix and data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4640 .
THE OPTIMIZATION OF SHARIA FINANCIAL INSTITUTION AS AGENT OF SALE FOR SUKUK PRODUCT
Authors: Trimulato Trimulato , Ismawati Ismawati 
Published: December 2022

The development of sharia financial products is increasingly numerous and varied, choices are not only for savings products from sharia banking but also in the form of investment. Investment products can be the community's choice in using sharia financial products, with easier and more profitable access. One of the sharia financial products that can be used as a container for investment is sharia bonds or Sukuk products. Every year the government issues Sukuk as a means of investment for people who want higher returns from savings and deposits. It's just that the distribution of Sukuk is still dominated by conventional financial institutions. The purpose of this study is to determine the development of state Sukuk, and efforts to optimize sharia financial institutions as distribution agents for the sale of state Sukuk products. Type of research used in this research is qualitative research, the data source used is secondary data. Data collection is used through data collection from institutions that are considered relevant to the research. The data analysis technique used in this research is descriptive qualitative.Â Results showed development state Sukuk in 2019 had succeeded in reaching 100 percent of the planned, namely 258.275 trillion. The issuance of SBSN type of Sukuk Ritel (SR) growth in 2019 has increased by 46,07 percent.Â Marketing of Sukuk products needs to be done through sharia financial institutions, to maintain the collapse of the Sukuk products, to convince the public that the Sukuk products are sharia products that can be obtained by sharia financial institutions. Product marketing through sharia financial institutions will also further introduce the existence of sharia financial institutions and can improve services to the public.
MEMBANGUN BISNIS EKONOMI ISLAM PERSPEKTIF NEUROMARKETING DI MASA PANDEMIC COVID-19
Authors: Jailani Mohammad , Suyadi Suyadi 
Published: December 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan menemukan konsep strategi pemasaran bisnis ekonomi Islam di masa pandemic COVID-19 sebagai kata kuncinya â€œNeuromarketing menjadi pendekatannyaâ€. Beredar dengan adanya informasi di semua social media, media cetak, dan penelitian-penelitian yang relevan pertumbuhan ekonomi bisnis di Indonesia sangat menurun dengan datangnya pandemic COVID-19. Â Menyebarnya virus COVID-19 di Indonesia menyebabkan inkam pemasukan para pelaku bisnis ekonomi dan UMKM menurun secara drastis, mengakibatkan para pedagang dan pembisnis gulung tingkar, istirahat operasi jual, dan bahkan ada yang gulung tikar. Data penelitian penelitian ini bersumber melalui pengamatan literature terkait deskripsi jurnal-jurnal ilmiah yang beriputasi nasional maupun internasional dan pencermatan terhadap referensi karya penelitian, baik secara manual ataupun digital yang focus menemukan konsep baru marketing bisnis Islam dalam kajian Neurosains. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatifÂ studi kepustakaan (research library) dengan teknik analisys content. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa konsep dan strategi yang baru dalam pengembangan dan peningkatan inkam pemasukan bisnis ekonomi Islam terkhusus para pemodal dan pembisnis dengan pendekatan Neuromarketing mampu memudahkan para pelaku bisnis Islam mengembalikan stabilitas pemasukan laba. Karena pada dasarnya mengaitkan diskursus kajian Neurosains dengan ilmu ekonomi Islam yang lebih dikenal dengan Neuromarketing, melakukan pemasaran dalam bisnis ekonomi Islam dengan pendekatan otak kepada para pembeli. Pendekatan Neuromarketing memiliki dua aspek terhadap pendekatan kepada konsumen atau pembeli yaitu dalam aspek penguasaan teknologi digitalisasi yang modern dan aspek evaluasi (muhasabah) marketing. Dengan demikian para pelaku bisnis dan pedagang di Indonesia pemasukan laba berbanding normal danÂ meningkat di masa pandemic COVID-19.
Bucking and charging defense of Baird’s tapir (Tapirella bairdii) from common vampire bats (Desmodus rotundus)
Authors: Amit Ronit , Valverde-Zúñiga Natalia 
Published: December 2022

Los estudios con cámaras trampa han capturado gran diversidad de comportamientos de la fauna silvestre, resaltando la importancia de la ecología del comportamiento para cumplir con los objetivos de gestión y conservación de la vida silvestre. Reportamos intentos de depredación de vampiros comunes (Desmodus rotundus) hacia el tapir centroamericano (Tapirella bairdii) y describimos la respuesta defensiva del tapir. En septiembre de 2020, capturamos registros de esta interacción interespecífica en una estación de cámara trampa ubicada en la zona de amortiguamiento de la Reserva Rincón Rainforest en la zona noroeste de Costa Rica. Registramos vampiros intentando alimentarse de al menos 2 ejemplares de tapir centroamericano. Al detectar a los vampiros, los tapires reaccionaban para repelerlos sacudiéndose, corriendo, girando y persiguiendo a los murciélagos en vuelo. Estos registros generan nuevo conocimiento sobre el comportamiento defensivo de los tapires y son relevantes para preguntas relacionadas a la evolución del sigilo en el ataque de los murciélagos vampiro. Además, enfatizan el papel del monitoreo de estas interacciones interespecíficas en relación con la zoonosis en paisajes modificados por humanos.