bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probabilistic Modeling of Formation and Breakage of Cell Aggregates in a Shear Field
Authors: Long Mian , Goldsmith Harry L. , Zhu Cheng 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Previously, we employed the probabilistic formulation of McQuarrie [1] to model the no-load adhesion kinetics of cell-cell adhesion [2] and the steady state detachment of cells from surfaces [3]. Here we extend our model to describe the shear-induced formation and breakage of doublets of red cells [4] and latex spheres cross-linked by ligands [5]. We solved the probabilities of having adhesive bonds linking two spheres from the master equations [1], enabling us to calculate various statistical aspects of the experimental data, including the mean and variance of formation and breakage of doublets. This is in contrast to the Monte Carlo approach which computes these statistics from a simulated ensemble of realizations [4,5].
Sensitivity of the Flow Field in the Rabbit Abdominal Aorta to Various Flow Parameters
Authors: Cheer Angela Y. , Dwyer Harry A. , Barakat Abdul I. , Bice Michael , Sy Eugene 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Atherosclerotic disease of the coronary arteries and the large vessels is the leading cause of death in industrialized countries. Early atherosclerotic lesions are more frequently found in regions of arterial branching and curvature where the flow field is “disturbed” [1]. This has long motivated the notion that arterial fluid mechanics may act as a localizing factor for early atherosclerotic lesions [2]. Despite intense study over the past three decades, the precise role of hemodynamics in atherogenesis remains to be elucidated. Furthermore, the sensitivity of arterial flow fields to changes in specific flow and geometric parameters remains incompletely understood. The objective of the current study is to investigate the impact of a range of physiologically-relevant fluid mechanical parameters on the flow field within the rabbit abdominal aorta in the vicinity of the celiac artery. This is accomplished using experimentally-validated finite volume numerical techniques. The rabbit was selected because we have previously studied both the flow field in the rabbit aorta [3,4] and the topography of sites of enhanced permeability thought to play a role in atherogenesis [5].
Vulnerable Points of Rupture of an Intracranial Aneurysm
Authors: Danturthi Ramalinga S. , Partridge Lloyd D. , Turitto Vincent T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Clinical trials indicate that an intracranial aneurysm is most likely to rupture on the dome area where the wall is weak (1-3). Even though several factors contribute, the cause for rupture is still unclear; hemodynamic forces are believed to significantly effect the growth, development and rupture of an aneurysm. The entrance length or the ostium width, the shape and size of the aneurysm, the Reynolds number of the flow and the shape of the parent artery, all can contribute toward the rupture of an aneurysm (4, 7). A neck area, if present, can substantially influence the flow into the aneurysmal volume resulting in higher hemodynamic forces on the aneurysmal wall. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of hemodynamic forces for suggesting vulnerable regions or points of rupture of an aneurysm considering the shape and size of the aneurysm, its ostium width and the Reynolds number (Re) of the flow. The research was done in two parts — theoretical computations with a CFD software Fluent were performed on 2D models of aneurysms and experimental determinations of the in-vitro velocity vector field with 2-D particle image velocimetry (PIV) were made with glass models of aneurysms.
Elastodynamics of Intracranial Saccular Aneurysms
Authors: Shah A. D. , Dimas A. , Humphrey J. D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Intracranial saccular aneurysms are focal dilatations of the arterial wall that occur in and near the circle of Willis. These lesions are typically thin-walled and sphere-like in shape, and they exhibit a nonlinear, pseudoelastic behavior over finite strains; in addition it appears that unruptured lesions have negligible bending stiffness. Together, these observations suggest that one may employ a nonlinear membrane theory to study the associated mechanics.
Comparing the Influence of Graft Angle on Peri-Anastomotic Wall and Fluid Mechanics
Authors: Ballyk Peter D. , Ojha Matadial , Walsh Colin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Distal anastomotic intimal hyperplasia (DAIH) can lead to outflow stenosis of vascular bypass grafts. In end-to-side graft-artery anastomoses, two separate regions of DAIH have been identified: (i) the suture line and (ii) the floor of the anastomosis across from the suture line (Bassiouny et al., 1992). Suture-line intimal thickening seems to be associated with post-surgical healing and influenced by graft-artery compliance mismatch (Trubel et al., 1994), while floor hyperplasia appears to be linked to fluid mechanical phenomena, such as temporal variations in wall shear stress (Ojha, 1994).
Unsteady Coupled Fluid Flow and Elastic Wall Calculations for the Aorta
Authors: Rutaganira Thomas , Dwyer Harry A. , Cheer Angela , Barakat Abdul 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
It has been a goal for many decades to develop a detailed model of the aortic artery that includes a couple fluid/wall interaction that is time dependent and three-dimensional. Simple models of the large arteries have yielded valuable information, but the complications of coupled time dependencies, three dimensionality, and wall elasticity are needed to compare with actual diseased states. Our paper presents some of the first results for the full unsteady and three-dimensional Navier-Stokes numerical calculations which are coupled to an elastic model for the geometry of the thoracic aorta. The numerical models we have developed have the capability to include with increasing fidelity a detailed description of a large part of the aortic flow system.
Effects of Large Dynamic Curvature Changes on Flow in the Coronary Arteries
Authors: Santamarina Aland , Siegel John M. , Moore James E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The localized nature of atherosclerosis has led to extensive study of blood flow patterns and their possible involvement in atherogenesis. Vessel geometry has always been considered a primary factor in determining blood flow patterns. In the coronary arteries, the geometry varies dynamically due to myocardial contraction. The effects of physiologic axial (Moore et al., 1994) and lateral (Delfino et al., 1994) vessel movement on coronary blood flow patterns have been shown to be important in producing oscillations in wall shear stress. Those studies were limited to straight vessels that translated in one direction only. Previous studies of flow in curved tubes with time-varying curvature showed relatively small (4% or less) changes in the mean inner wall shear rate near the tube entry (relative to the static, non-moving tube) when the curvature change was 10% or 30% of the mean radius of curvature (Santamarina et al., 1996). Angiographic data show that curvature changes may be as much as 85% of the mean radius of curvature (Pao et al., 1985). This study extends the analysis of Santamarina et al. (1996) to account for larger changes in curvature (50%), as well as different levels of mean curvature.
Modelling and Analysis of the Mechanical Properties of Trabecular Bone
Authors: Colombi Pierluigi , Contro Roberto , Pini Monica 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The mechanical properties of both cortical and trabecular bone material are important in understanding the deformation and failure behaviour of bones. Substantial researches have been conducted to measure the mechanical properties of trabecular bone. In this paper we present experimental results on the mechanical behaviour of trabecular bone under uniaxial and cyclic loading. Moreover we propose a continuum damage model to predict the progressive degradation of mechanical properties under monotonic tensile loading.
On the Features and Assumptions of Bone Remodelling Theories: Part I — Stability Analysis and Selection of Remodelling Stimulus
Authors: Ben Souda Karima , Breton Pierre , Misra Arun K. , Ahmed Abdul M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Evidence of adverse bone adaptation after arthroplasty has led to an increasing interest in the study of the bone remodelling process (BRP). A number of theories have been developed to simulate the process [1,2,3], with the objective of computing the effect of a change in the mechanical environment on bone geometry (i.e., external bone remodelling) or bone material properties (i.e., internal bone remodelling). However, the application of the theories continues to demand critical evaluation of a number of their features and assumptions. Part I of this presentation deals with the analysis of the stability characteristics of the simulated BRP, and with the selection of the mechanical stimulus assumed to drive the process.
Quantification of Femoral Surface Strain After Cementless Stem Implantation by Computer Analysis of the Photoelastic Method
Authors: Morris Randal P. , Grecula Michael J. , Buford William L. , Patterson Rita M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cementless femoral stems have been associated with surface strain changes and stress shielding after total hip arthroplasty. The changes may lead to post-operative bone resorption, micromotion, microfracture or implant failure. Therefore, detailed analysis of femoral surface strain before and after implantation can be useful in determining the features of implant designs that promote strain changes. The purpose of this research is to determine to what affect different cementless stem designs have on the surface strains of the femur. This protocol will follow a technique developed in a pilot study that uses the photoelastic method to resolve the fringe patterns on the femur, commercially available computer software to image these patterns, and original software programs to analyze the surface strains and provide comparative data.
A New Model Predicting In Vivo Finger Flexor Tendon Force
Authors: Dennerlein Jack Tigh , Mote C. D. , Diao Ed , Rempel David M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Existing isometric force models can be used to predict tension in the finger flexor tendon, however, they have not been validated by experimental observations. In a previous study (Dennerlein 1997) the authors measured and reported in vivo tendon force of human flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) of eight subjects during isometric pinch tasks. The estimated ratios of tendon force to fingertip force were larger than predicted by the theoretical models of Chao (1989) Harding, (1993) and Weightman & Amis (1982). Furthermore, FDS tendon tensions of pulp pinch postures (4 subjects) were significantly higher than for tip pinch postures. Models in the literature do not predict this difference. Our goal is to implement a 2-D tendon force model and to develop a new model better representing the causes of the observed differences.
A Mathematical Model of the Thumb Carpometacarpal Joint
Authors: Xu L. , Blankevoort L. , Ateshian G. A. , Cohen N. P. , Strauch R. J. , Rosenwasser M. P. , Mow V. C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) of the thumb carpometacarpal (CMC) joint is a common and disabling condition. Controversies surround the etiology of CMC OA because the internal mechanics of the joint is poorly understood. Several studies have been reported where mathematical modeling was used to study the biomechanical behavior of the CMC joint. Cooney et al (1977) developed a 3D static thumb model. An et al (1985) modified this model to simulate abnormal conditions of the thumb such as tendon laceration. Esteki (1995) developed a dynamic model to study neuromuscular stimulation of the hand. However, these previous studies have mostly employed idealized kinematic representations of the CMC joint (e.g., as a universal joint), and their results have focused primarily on the calculation of joint reactions forces. The biomechanical parameters which are believed to play key roles in CMC joint degeneration, such as contact area patterns of articular surfaces and complex higher pair kinematics, cannot be predicted by these models. Moreover, Imaeda et al (1994) demonstrated that the CMC joint may not be adequately modeled as a universal joint, emphasizing the need for employing the actual geometry of CMC articular surfaces for kinematic analyses.
The objective of this study is to develop a mathematical model of the thumb CMC joint which accounts for the complex topography of its articular surfaces as well as the capsular ligaments spanning the joint. This mathematical model can be employed to study complex 3D joint kinematics, contact forces and articular contact areas. When using accurate geometric and material data, this model can be used to elucidate the internal biomechanics of the CMC joint and to parametrically simulate processes which are hypothesized to play a role in the etiopathogenesis of CMC joint OA, such as capsular laxity and articular incongruence.
A Micromachined Device to Measure Subcellular Traction Forces
Authors: Galbraith Catherine G. , Sheetz Michael P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cell migration is an essential part of embryogenesis, wound healing and immuno-logical responses. As cells migrate forward, they exert forces against their extracellular matrices through matrix ligands such as integrins. The forces depend upon the cell-substratum adhesion strength [1] and the ability of integrins to bind to the cytoskeleton. The forces also vary according to cell speed; faster moving cells exert less force than slower moving cells [2]. Determining the traction forces exerted by cells and how these forces can be modified has important implications in tissue engineering where enhanced migration speed and traction induced reorganization of the extracellular matrix can have a profound effect on cell invasion.
Implementation of a Pharmocokinetic Approach to a Baculovirus System for Analytic Solutions to Virus and Cell Interactions
Authors: LeDuc Philip R. , Betenbaugh Michael J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The baculovirus, Autographa californica multiple nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcMNPV), expression system can be employed for a variety of different cellular applications. In recent years, this baculovirus system has been manipulated to serve as a recombinant system for the expression of heterologous proteins and as a possible retrovirus for gene therapy. A quantitative understanding of the cellular mechanics of virus trafficking would be useful in developing viral expression systems, understanding gene therapy and maximizing recombinant protein production. An analytic solution is presented which incorporates a pharmocokinetic system in order to analyze this problem of viral and cellular mechanics. The multiple stages of viral infection systems, specifically for the baculovirus system, include attachment, internalization, endosomal fusion, cytosol transportation, and nuclear accumulation. The effects of the rate parameters are investigated to determine the parameter sensitivity of the viral infection model in relation to accumulation of surface virus, internalized virus and nuclear virus. The concepts from this model can be used to design infection regimens for various cell lines and to analyze the inherent inefficiency of current baculovirus infecting systems. This approach can also be used to determine the effects of the rate-limiting behaviors exhibited by these types of cellular mechanics and can be further implemented to examine other types of infection applications including viral gene therapy [1].
Electrical Characterisation of Normal and Pathological Synovial Fluid in Arthritis
Authors: Pal S. , Kundu B. , Ghosh M. S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Arthritis is a very painful and crippling disease, affecting almost 12–13% of the World population alone in the age group of 40 to 60 years, resulting out of the degeneration of the active lubricant synovial fluid (S.F.)[1]. The motivation of the present study is to investigate the electrical behaviours of synovial fluid in normal and different forms of arthritis; elaborate work has already been carried out on the rheological and biochemical properties of synovia but relatively very little has been reflected upon its electrical behaviour. It is believed that the rheological deterioration could show some changes in the electrical characteristics of this polar biofluid too.
Analysis of One-Dimensional Confined Swelling of Charged-Hydrated Soft Tissues
Authors: Liu Z. P. , Gu W. Y. , Lai W. M. , Mow V. C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Charged hydrated soft tissues such as articular cartilage and the intervertebral disc have a strong tendency to swell in a hypotonic bath because of the high fixed charge density (FCD) within the tissue [e.g., 1–4]. For an excised tissue without externally applied loads, the tissue volume will change in response to changes in a bathing solution (free swelling) until the osmotic pressure is balanced by the elastic stresses on the solid matrix. A mechanical stress is needed to prevent the tissue from swelling from a given reference state (e.g., 0.15M NaCl). This stress may be called the swelling pressure relative to this reference state. The kinetic response of the swelling pressure to changes in bathing solution is associated with tissue material properties, such as the FCD, hydraulic permeability, ion diffusivity and stiffness of the solid matrix. In this study, we report our analysis on the one-dimensional confined swelling experiment of a charged hydrated soft tissue using the mechano-electrochemical theory developed in [3].
Nonlinear Viscoelastic Properties of the Inferior Glenohumeral Ligament
Authors: Huang Chun-Yuh , Wang Vincent M. , Cohen Nathaniel P. , Bucchieri John S. , Pawluk Robert J. , Pollock Roger G. , Mow Van C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The inferior glenohumeral ligament (IGHL) of the shoulder has been recognized as an important static restraint with the arm in a position of clinical instability [6,10]. Recent studies [1,7,9] have reported different nonlinear viscoelastic behavior among the three anatomical regions of the IGHL (superior band, anterior axillary pouch and posterior axillary pouch) [10] as well as its response to repetitive loading.
The Effect of Graded Facetectomies on the Stiffness of the Lumbar Spine
Authors: Natarajan R. N. , Paruchuri S. , Andersson G. B. J. , Lavender S. A. , Patwardhan A. G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Each year, there are 375,000 spine operations performed in the U.S. including a significant number that involve fusion. This is required to compensate for the loss in mechanical stiffness due to facetectomy. Although limited experimental studies have been done to analyze the mechanical effect of facetectomies, a finite element model allows for a sequential and complete study of the mechanical consequences of this surgical procedure. The purpose of this research is to quantify the loss in motion segment stiffness resulting from partial or total facetectomy through use of an analytical model of a lumbar spinal motion segment. These data will assist clinicians in determining when spinal fusion is necessary.
Sensitivity of Cervical Spine Finite Element Model to Material Property Variations
Authors: Kumaresan Srirangam , Yoganandan Narayan , Pintar Frank A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The sensitivity of the human lower cervical spine finite element model to material property variations under physiologic loading vectors was determined. An anatomically accurate three-dimensional finite element model of the C4-C6 structure was exercised by independently varying the material property of its components under flexion, extension, lateral bending and axial torsion load vectors. Results indicated that the material properties of the soft tissue structures affect the external angular rotation response and the internal stresses in the spine more than the changes in the material properties of the hard tissues.
Positively and Negatively-Charged Ion Exchange Resins: Disparate Effects on Hard Tissue Repair
Authors: Simmons D. J. , Krukowski M. , Bi L. X. , Mainous E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Bioelectrical investigations have long shown that surfaces of bone formation and resorption are negatively and positively charged respectively. We also know that in a number of experimental situations [1], implants of negatively-charged ion exchange resin (NCR= Sephadex, CM)are osteotropic, and that implants of positively-charged resin (PCR= Sephadex DEAE) strongly inhibit bone formation [2]. While the cellular mechanism of action for NCR is thought to involve the local production of transforming growth factor beta [3], the mechanics of PCR action is an unknown. Our laboratory has shown that PCR stunts the in vitro growth of medullary osteoprogenitor cells, normal and transformed osteoblasts, and a number of tumor cell lines [4], PCR was also able to strongly inhibit hamster pancreatic cell engraftment and the growth of established pancreatic cell tumors.
Cervical Spine Buckling: The Effects of Vertebral Mass and Loading Rate
Authors: Nightingale Roger W. , Armstrong Andrew J. , Camacho Daniel L. , Myers Barry S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The importance of buckling during compressive loading of the cervical spine was suggested by Torg (1985) and has been subsequently demonstrated both quasi-statically2 and dynamically3. The complex deformations resulting from first and second order cervical spine buckling may explain the difficulty in producing repeatable injuries in impact experiments4,5,6. The purpose of this computational study is to test the hypothesis that during compressive impact loading of the cervical spine, the inertial properties of the vertebral bodies play a significant role in determining the buckling behavior. Further, it is hypothesized that these inertial effects provide the necessary constraints for the expression of higher order buckling modes7.
Implementation of Optimal Feedback Control to Model the Seated Postural Stability of Healthy and Spinal Cord-Injured Subjects
Authors: Kamper Derek G. , Parnianpour Mohamad , Barin Kamran , Weed Herman R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Postural control may be severely compromised in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). Disturbance moments such as the ones experienced during normal driving may overwhelm the compensatory mechanisms in this population. Possible instability raises concerns about both comfort and, especially, safety for both passengers and drivers [1,2]. The goal of this research was to generate a computer model which could be used to investigate the effects of sustained disturbances on seated balance.
A Parametric Study on Virtual Tumor Detection Within Soft Tissue
Authors: Langrana Noshir A. , Fan Wen-Chung , Ladeji Jumoke 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Palpation can aid physicians in the detection of tumors. Liver palpation during surgery, breast self-examination and clinical breast examination are some examples. There is a need for realistic palpation training tools for medical personnel (Campbell et al, 1991). Virtual reality provides an environment where a trainee can repeat the same scenario over a period of time. This provides an opportunity to expose the user to otherwise rare conditions.
Biomedical Imaging Analysis and Mesh Generation for Three-Dimensional Finite Element Models
Authors: Ehnes Dale L. , Stone James J.-S. , An Kai-Nan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The methodological procedure for generating three-dimensional (3-D) finite element analysis (FEA) geometry models from CT or MRI medical imaging scan data was developed in this study. Medical images of a human scapula and a fifth proximal phalangeal bone were used to demonstrate the techniques of image processing and generation of 3-D FEA models. The biomedical imaging quality and its effects on the outcome of the FEA geometry model was also studied.