bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predominant landward skewing of tidal meanders
Authors: Gao Chao , Finotello Alvise , Wang Ya Ping 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHighly sinuous, high‐amplitude meander bends shaped by unidirectional, downstream‐oriented flows in alluvial rivers are predominantly upstream‐skewed, offering an opportunity to infer flow direction from meander planforms. In contrast, it remains unclear whether tidal meander bends formed by bidirectional, potentially asymmetric flows display similar skewing preferences, despite being characterized by planform dynamics similar to their alluvial counterparts. Geomorphological characteristics of meandering channels in different tidal environments thus merit further research. Here we used satellite images to measure meandering patterns for 232 purely tidal channels located at 25 study sites worldwide, to disclose imprints of tidal flows embedded in meander planforms. Our study sites span micro‐ to macro‐tidal settings characterized by different tidal flow asymmetries, and include both vegetated mangrove swamps and salt marshes, as well as unvegetated intertidal flats. We found that tidal meanders exhibit morphological features consistently scaled to local channel width regardless of tidal regimes, and that they are typically less sinuous than fluvial bends. Exponential landward reduction of channel widths (i.e. funnelling) is counterbalanced by a linear increase in width‐adjusted bend amplitude that is more pronounced in ebb‐dominated environments. More importantly, the majority of tidal bends appear to be preferentially landward‐skewed, and the degree of skewing increases as bend sinuosity and amplitude increase as well. Although the mechanism controlling such skewing preference remains elusive and further fieldwork is needed to elucidate this point, we hypothesize that it might be related to the local dominance of ebb flows characterizing most tidal environments. Overall, our results demonstrate a statistical preference for landward skewing in high‐amplitude, highly sinuous tidal meander bends that does not depend on the site‐specific characteristics of the considered tidal environment and can be potentially employed to infer the direction of tidal flows based exclusively on remotely sensed meander planforms.
Spatial variability of runoff recharge sources and influence mechanisms in an arid mountain flow‐producing zone
Authors: Sang Liyuan , Zhu Guofeng , Qiu Dongdong , Zhang Zhuanxia , Liu Yuwei , Zhao Kailiang , Wang Lei , Sun Zhigang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn‐depth knowledge of the hydrological conditions of basins in arid regions can help to maintain the long‐term water security. The mechanisms of runoff generation and flow paths in different landscape areas are not fully known due to spatial variability. We have explored the mechanisms by which spatial variability affects the runoff recharge sources in the Xiying River Basin. The results showed that the spatial variability of the sources and generation mechanisms of runoff in the arid mountain flow‐producing zone is the result of the combined effect of different landscape, elevation and meteorological elements. In the upstream area, the short mean transit time (MTT) combined with the high contribution of recharge from the meltwater (29.32%) and the proportion of pre‐event water (between 60% and 90%) means that runoff production processes are strongly controlled by meltwater recharge and precipitation events. The MTT and the proportion of pre‐event water in the midstream area are ranked in the middle of the three landscape areas, but the highest contribution of precipitation (16.57%) indicates the importance of precipitation to runoff production processes. In the downstream area, the MTT is the longest and the proportion of pre‐event water is the smallest, and groundwater remains the basis for long‐term stability of runoff (groundwater contribution rate: 40.62%). By enhancing the spatial resolution for identifying runoff recharge sources can reduce the model uncertainty by 69%. Thus, taking full account of the spatial heterogeneity in arid regions is an important initiative to achieve scientific water resources management.
“Let Me Just Close My Eyes”: Challenged and Banned Books, Claimed Identities, and Comics
Authors: Dallacqua Ashley K. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis column centers around the voices of two AP English students as a way to consider the current book challenging and banning occurring throughout the United States. The column reviews the 2021 year of book challenges in the news and media, students' own perceptions of these bans, with a focus on comics. Finally, there are suggestions and reviews of policies in support of diverse texts in schools and libraries.
Comparison of decellularization protocols for cultured cell‐derived extracellular matrix—Effects on decellularization efficacy, extracellular matrix retention, and cell functions
Authors: Hoshiba Takashi , Yunoki Shunji 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe in vitro reconstruction of the extracellular matrix (ECM) is required in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine because the ECM can regulate cell functions in vivo. For ECM reconstruction, a decellularization technique is used. ECM reconstructed by decellularization (dECM) is prepared from tissues/organs and cultured cells. Although decellularization methods have been optimized for tissue‐/organ‐derived dECM, the methods for cultured cell‐derived dECM have not yet been optimized. Here, two physical (osmotic shocks) and five chemical decellularization methods are compared. The decellularization efficacies were changed according to the decellularization methods used. Among them, only the Triton X‐100 and Tween 20 treatments could not decellularize completely. Additionally, when the efficacies were compared among different types of cells (monolayered cells with/without strong cell adhesion, multilayered cells), the efficacies were decreased for multilayered cells or cells with strong cell adhesion. Retained ECM contents tended to be greater in the dECM prepared by osmotic shocks than in those prepared by chemical methods. The contents impacted cell adhesion, shapes, growth and intracellular signal activation on the dECM. The comparison would be helpful for the optimization of decellularization methods for cultured cells, and it could also provide new insights into developing milder decellularization methods for tissues and organs.
Automatic generation of complementary auxiliary basis sets for explicitly correlated methods
Authors: Semidalas Emmanouil , Martin Jan M. L. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractExplicitly correlated calculations, aside from the orbital basis set, typically require three auxiliary basis sets: Coulomb‐exchange fitting (JK), resolution of the identity MP2 (RI‐MP2), and complementary auxiliary basis set (CABS). If unavailable for the orbital basis set and chemical elements of interest, the first two can be auto‐generated on the fly using existing algorithms, but not the third. In this paper, we present a quite simple algorithm named autoCABS; a Python implementation under a free software license is offered at Github. For the cc‐pVnZ‐F12 (n = D,T,Q,5), the W4‐08 thermochemical benchmark, and the HFREQ2014 set of harmonic frequencies, we demonstrate that autoCABS‐generated CABS basis sets are comparable in quality to purpose‐optimized OptRI basis sets from the literature, and that the quality difference becomes entirely negligible as n increases.
Reference values for MRI‐derived psoas and paraspinal muscles and macroscopic fat infiltrations in paraspinal muscles in children
Authors: Marunowski Kacper , Świętoń Dominik , Bzyl Włodzimierz , Grzywińska Małgorzata , Bandosz Piotr , Khrichenko Dmitry , Piskunowicz Maciej 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundSarcopenia, defined as loss of skeletal muscle mass, is a novel term associated with adverse outcomes in children. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a safe and precise technique for measuring tissue compartments and is commonly used in most routine paediatric imaging protocols. Currently, there is a lack of MRI‐derived normative data which can help in determining the level of sarcopenia. This study aimed to introduce reference values of total psoas muscle area (tPMA), total paraspinal muscle area (tPSMA), and total macroscopic fat infiltrations of the PSMA (tMFI).MethodsIn this retrospective study, the local database was searched for abdominal and pelvic region MRI studies of children aged from 1 to 18 years (mean age (standard deviation (SD)) of 9.8 (5.5) years) performed in the years 2010–2021. Children with chronic diseases and a history of surgical interventions were excluded from the analysis. Finally, a total of 465 healthy children (n = 233 girls, n = 232 boys) were enrolled in the study. The values of the tPMA, tPMSA, and tMFI were measured in square centimetres (cm2) at the level of the L4/L5 intervertebral disc as the sum of the left and right regions. Age‐specific and sex‐specific muscle, fat, and body mass index percentile charts were constructed using the LMS method. Inter‐observer agreement and intra‐observer reproducibility were assessed using the Bland–Altman plots.ResultsBoth tPMA and tPSMA showed continuous increases in size (in cm2) throughout all age groups. At the age of 18, the median tPMA areas reached 26.37 cm2 in girls and 40.43 cm2 in boys. Corresponding tPSMA values were higher, reaching the level of 40.76 cm2 in girls and 56.66 cm2 in boys. The mean value of tMFI within the paraspinal muscles was 5.0% (SD 3.65%) of their total area in girls and 3.5% (SD 2.25%) in boys with the actual difference between sexes up to 0.96 cm2. Excellent intra‐observer reproducibility and inter‐observer agreement were noted. Actual mean differences for tPMA were at the level of 0.43 and 0.39 cm2, respectively. Mean bias for tPSMA was 0.1 cm2 for inter‐observer and 0.05 cm2 for intra‐observer measurements.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate novel and highly reproducible sex‐specific MRI‐derived reference values of tPMS, tPSMA, and tMFI at the level of the L4/L5 intervertebral disc for children from 1 to 18 years old, which may guide a clinician in the assessment of sarcopenia, a prognostic outcome marker in children.
Accelerating investigation of new HIV drugs in pregnancy: advancing the research agenda from theory to action
Authors: Penazzato Martina , Lockman Shahin , Colbers Angela , Renaud Françoise , Calmy Alexandra , Clayden Polly , Vicari Marissa , Mahaka Imelda C. , Zech Jennifer M. , Irvine Cadi , Abrams Elaine J. ,   the participants of the WHO‐IMPAACT Workshop “Approaches to Enhance and Accelerate Study of New Drugs for HIV and Associated Infections in Pregnant Women”
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionHistorical approaches to clinical development of novel therapeutics for treatment and prevention of HIV have led to unacceptable delays in the generation of data to support optimal antiretroviral drug use in pregnancy. Over the last 5 years, multiple stakeholders have voiced their concerns around the exclusion of pregnant women from drug trials, and some progress has been made to consolidate principles and forge consensus. Building on ongoing efforts, the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Maternal Paediatric Adolescent AIDS Clinical Trials Network (IMPAACT) convened a technical consultation designed to move the discussion from theory to practice.DiscussionAccelerating the inclusion of pregnant women in pre‐licensure clinical trials, with a goal to have pharmacokinetics (PK) and preliminary safety data for all new HIV agents in pregnancy available at the time of drug approval, requires: (1) performing non‐clinical developmental and reproductive toxicology studies early in drug development for all new HIV agents; (2) recognizing and acting on the central role of women of childbearing potential affected by HIV through the research being conducted and the dissemination of associated results; (3) enrolling pregnant women in studies to specifically determine pregnancy PK and preliminary safety, as soon as late non‐clinical studies are completed with no negative signals, for all new HIV agents that have demonstrated preliminary evidence of safety and efficacy from phase 2 trials; (4) investigating adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes through dedicated pregnancy safety studies for all new priority HIV agents; and (5) expanding active surveillance of drug safety in pregnancy for rare events, such as birth defects.Strategic actions to pursue include developing tools and resources to support designing and implementing studies among pregnant and breastfeeding women, identifying and promoting modifications of the regulatory framework that are supportive of systematic ethical investigation of new drugs in pregnancy, coordinating surveillance efforts, mobilizing key stakeholders and promoting transparency and accountability for all involved.ConclusionsWith more than 19 million women living with HIV worldwide, ensuring greater inclusion of pregnant women in research on novel therapeutics is a priority to support drug optimization and effective introduction of innovations for treatment and prevention of HIV.
Surveillance of ARV safety in pregnancy and breastfeeding: towards a new framework
Authors: Renaud Françoise , Mofenson Lynne M. , Bakker Charlotte , Dolk Helen , Leroy Valeriane , Namiba Angelina , Sahin Leyla , Shapiro Roger , Slogrove Amy , Thorne Claire , Vicari Marissa , Low‐Beer Daniel , Doherty Meg 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionAs new antiretrovirals (ARVs), including long‐acting ARVs for treatment and prevention, are approved and introduced, surveillance during pregnancy must become the safety net for evaluating birth outcomes, especially those that are rare and require large numbers of observations. Historically, drug pharmacovigilance in pregnancy has been limited and fragmented between different data sources, resulting in inadequate data to assess risk. The International Maternal Pediatric Adolescent AIDS Clinical Trials Network and World Health Organization convened a Workshop which reviewed strengths and weaknesses of existing programs and discussed an improved framework to integrate existing safety data sources and promote harmonization and digitalization.DiscussionThis paper highlights that although robust sources of safety data and surveillance programs exist, key challenges remain, including unknown denominators, reporting bias, under‐reporting (e.g. in voluntary registries), few data sources from resource‐limited settings (most are in North America and Europe), incomplete or inaccurate data (e.g. within routine medical records). However, recent experiences (e.g. with safety signals) and current innovations (e.g. electronic record use in resource‐limited settings and defining adverse outcomes) provide momentum and building blocks for a new framework for active surveillance of ARV safety in pregnancy. A public health approach should be taken using data from existing sources, including registries of pregnancy ARV exposure and birth defects; observational surveillance and cohort studies; clinical trials; and real‐world databases. Key facilitators are harmonization and standardization of outcomes, sharing of materials and tools, and data linkages between programs. Other key facilitators include the development of guidance to estimate sample size and duration of surveillance, ensuring strategic geographic diversity, bringing partners together to share information and engaging the community of women living with HIV.ConclusionsLooking ahead, critical steps to safely introduce new ARVs include (1) adopting harmonized standards for measuring adverse maternal, birth and infant outcomes; (2) establishing surveillance centres of excellence in areas with high HIV prevalence with harmonized data collection and optimized electronic health records linking maternal/infant data; and (3) creating targets and evaluation goals for reporting progress on implementation and quality of surveillance in pregnancy. The platform will be leveraged to ensure that appropriate contributions and strategic actions by relevant stakeholders are implemented.
Avoiding Unnecessary Systematic Biopsy in Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer: Comparison Between MRI‐Based Radiomics Model and PI‐RADS Category
Authors: Cheng Xueqing , Chen Yuntian , Xu Hui , Ye Lei , Tong Shun , Li Haixia , Zhang Tianjing , Tian Song , Qi Jin , Zeng Hao , Yao Jin , Song Bin 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundMRI‐targeted biopsy (MRTB) improves the clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) detection rate with fewer biopsy cores in men with suspected PCa. However, whether concurrent systematic biopsy (SB) can be avoided in patients undergoing MRTB remains unclear.PurposeTo evaluate the potential value of MRI‐based radiomics models in avoiding unnecessary SB in biopsy‐naïve patients.Study typeRetrospective.PopulationA total of 226 patients (mean age 66.6 ± 9.02 years) with suspicion of PCa (PI‐RADS score ≥ 3) and received combined cognitive MRTB with SB were retrospectively recruited and randomly divided into training (N = 180) and test (N = 46) cohorts at an 8:2 ratio.Field Strength/SequenceA 3.0 T, biparametric MRI (bpMRI) including T2‐weighted imaging (T2WI) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) map.AssessmentThe whole prostate gland (PG) and the index lesion (IL) were delineated. Three radiomics models of bpMRIPG, bpMRIIL, and bpMRIPG+IL were constructed, respectively, and the performance of each radiomics model was compared with that of PI‐RADS assessment.Statistical TestsThe least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression method was used to select texture features. The area under the curve (AUC) and decision curve analysis were used to estimate the models.ResultsThe bpMRIPG+IL radiomics model exhibited good discrimination, calibration, and net benefits, which would reduce the SB biopsy in 71.2% and 71.4% of men with PI‐RADS ≥ 5 lesions in the training and test cohorts, respectively.Data ConclusionA bpMRIPG+IL radiomics model may outperform PI‐RADS category in help reducing unnecessary SB in biopsy‐naïve patients.Evidence Level3Technical EfficacyStage 6
Generalizability of Deep Learning Segmentation Algorithms for Automated Assessment of Cartilage Morphology and MRI Relaxometry
Authors: Schmidt Andrew M. , Desai Arjun D. , Watkins Lauren E. , Crowder Hollis A. , Black Marianne S. , Mazzoli Valentina , Rubin Elka B. , Lu Quin , MacKay James W. , Boutin Robert D. , Kogan Feliks , Gold Garry E. , Hargreaves Brian A. , Chaudhari Akshay S. 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundDeep learning (DL)‐based automatic segmentation models can expedite manual segmentation yet require resource‐intensive fine‐tuning before deployment on new datasets. The generalizability of DL methods to new datasets without fine‐tuning is not well characterized.PurposeEvaluate the generalizability of DL‐based models by deploying pretrained models on independent datasets varying by MR scanner, acquisition parameters, and subject population.Study TypeRetrospective based on prospectively acquired data.PopulationOverall test dataset: 59 subjects (26 females); Study 1: 5 healthy subjects (zero females), Study 2: 8 healthy subjects (eight females), Study 3: 10 subjects with osteoarthritis (eight females), Study 4: 36 subjects with various knee pathology (10 females).Field Strength/SequenceA 3‐T, quantitative double‐echo steady state (qDESS).AssessmentFour annotators manually segmented knee cartilage. Each reader segmented one of four qDESS datasets in the test dataset. Two DL models, one trained on qDESS data and another on Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI)‐DESS data, were assessed. Manual and automatic segmentations were compared by quantifying variations in segmentation accuracy, volume, and T2 relaxation times for superficial and deep cartilage.Statistical TestsDice similarity coefficient (DSC) for segmentation accuracy. Lin's concordance correlation coefficient (CCC), Wilcoxon rank‐sum tests, root‐mean‐squared error‐coefficient‐of‐variation to quantify manual vs. automatic T2 and volume variations. Bland–Altman plots for manual vs. automatic T2 agreement. A P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsDSCs for the qDESS‐trained model, 0.79–0.93, were higher than those for the OAI‐DESS‐trained model, 0.59–0.79. T2 and volume CCCs for the qDESS‐trained model, 0.75–0.98 and 0.47–0.95, were higher than respective CCCs for the OAI‐DESS‐trained model, 0.35–0.90 and 0.13–0.84. Bland–Altman 95% limits of agreement for superficial and deep cartilage T2 were lower for the qDESS‐trained model, ±2.4 msec and ±4.0 msec, than the OAI‐DESS‐trained model, ±4.4 msec and ±5.2 msec.Data ConclusionThe qDESS‐trained model may generalize well to independent qDESS datasets regardless of MR scanner, acquisition parameters, and subject population.Evidence Level1Technical EfficacyStage 1
Determination of the relationship between respiration rate and ethylene production by fruit sizes of different tomato types
Authors: Ustun Hayri , Dogan Adem , Peker Bunyamin , Ural Cansu , Cetin Mustafa , Ozyigit Yunus , Erkan Mustafa 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDTomatoes of different types and cultivars are grown in different parts of the world. Accordingly, the phenological, pomological and biochemical characteristics of these types and cultivars may differ from each other, and therefore their ripening behaviours may also differ. The present study aimed to determine the respiration rate and ethylene production of twelve commonly grown cultivars in Turkey at harvest and during the ripening stage. The fruits were harvested at the mature green stage and categorized according to their size as small, medium and large‐fruited cultivars.RESULTSAt harvest time, the highest respiration rate was determined from ‘Moda’ (small‐fruited) cultivar and the lowest was from ‘Elips’ (medium‐fruited). The highest ethylene production was determined from ‘Sarikiz’ (small‐fruited) and the lowest was from ‘Alberty’ (large‐fruited). All tomato cultivars examined in the study showed climacteric respiration behavior during the ripening, and it was determined that small‐fruited types had a higher respiration rate and ethylene production compared to medium and large‐fruited ones. ‘Sarikiz’ (small‐fruited) had the highest climacteric peak and ‘Gulpembe’ (large‐fruited) had the lowest. Moreover, it was determined that the respiration rate of small‐fruited cultivars were 5.01‐fold higher compared to other cultivars and this type of cultivars produced 4.19‐fold higher ethylene compared to big‐fruited cultivars at harvest. Medium‐fruited tomatoes had 1.90‐fold higher respiration rate and 1.64‐fold ethylene production compared to big‐fruited tomatoes.CONCLUSIONIt was determined that fruit size and respiration rate were related independently of the cultivars, although there was no relationship between fruit size and ethylene production. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Perceived threat of informal players: Enhancing the operational performance of inbound tour operators through coopetition
Authors: Abdalla Moh'd Juma , Mwesiumo Deodat , Öztüren Ali , Kılıç Hasan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper explores the effect of the perceived threat of informal tourism actors on the operational performance of formal actors. Based on data collected from 130 inbound tour operators, the paper develops and tests a conceptual model representing the effect of the perceived threat of informal actors. The analysis has revealed a complementary partial mediation effect of the perceived threat of informal actors on operational performance. The perceived threat of informal actors is significantly associated with operating performance, both directly and indirectly, via increased coopetition among tour operators. The findings provide a basis for theoretical and managerial recommendations.