bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSII-A-4 Effects of Beef Cattle Breed Type and Steroid Hormones on Proliferation Rates of Bovine Satellite Cells
Authors: Brown Bailee , Motsinger Laura A , Reichhardt Caleb C , Murdoch Gordon K , Murdoch Brenda M , Garcia Matthew D , Thornton Kara J 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
As the population increases, it is necessary to improve the sustainability of beef production. Bos indicus (BI) cattle are better adapted to nutritional stress, consume less water, and are better able to withstand thermal stress when compared to Bos taurus (BT) cattle. Additionally, anabolic implants, which typically contain the steroid hormones trenbolone acetate (TBA) and/or estradiol (E2), are commonly administered to beef cattle in the U.S. to improve production. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of cattle breed type and steroid hormones on proliferation of primary bovine satellite cells (BSC). Primary BSC were isolated from the Semimembranosus muscle of Angus (AN; n=2; 100% BT) and Santa Gertrudis (SG; n=2; 19% BI, 81% BT) yearling backgrounded steers and cultured. After the cells reached 70% confluency, cultures were treated with 1% fetal bovine serum (control), 10 nM TBA, 10 nM E2, or 10 nM TBA and E2 and proliferation rates were compared to control cultures. No treatment x breed interaction (P=0.17) was observed. Cultures from AN steers had increased (P=0.007) proliferation rates compared to cultures from SG steers. Steroid hormones increased (P=0.08) proliferation rates, regardless of breed. However, based on this preliminary data, trends are indicating that a breed*treatment interaction is present such that BSC isolated from AN steers are more responsive to treatment than BSC isolated from SG steers. Additional research needs to be completed to determine whether this interaction is still present once more replicates are completed, whether different hormone concentrations affect BSC from cattle of different breed types, and/or the effects of hormone treatment and breed type on BSC relative to differentiation and protein synthesis rate.
PSII-A-1 A Preliminary Study Examining Supplement and Medication Use in Rodeo Horses
Authors: Jenson Jake A , Hammer Carolyn J , Young Jennifer M 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Dietary supplements and prescription medications are widely used in the horse community. Many equine governing organizations have guidelines and regulations related to supplement and medication use in performance horses. Prior surveys have focused on supplement and medication use in the horse show industry, while little data has been published regarding their use in horses competing in rodeos. Therefore, the purpose of this survey was to understand owner-reported supplement and medication use in rodeo horses. The Qualtrics-designed survey consisted of 36 questions pertaining to owner and horse demographics, as well as supplement and medication types administered to individual horses. Survey links were distributed via email and social media outlets. Responses were collected for owner’s self-selected main competition horse. Descriptive and correlation analyses were performed with SAS. There were 189 complete responses from competitors in 24 different states with the largest frequency of responses from the midwestern United States (84.5%). The majority of horses fell between the age groups of 11-15 (38.1%) and 6-10 (34.4%). The predominant event was barrel racing (82.5%). The majority (56.1%) of owners reported using both dietary supplements and medications while 26.9% used dietary supplements exclusively and 6.9% used injectable/inhaled/topical medications exclusively. Horse age tended to be negatively correlated with number of supplements used being greater for horses of a younger age (r2=-0.12; p=0.10). For dietary supplements and oral medications, products related to digestive health were used most frequently (73.25%) followed by products for joint support (63.7%) and respiratory health (38.85%). For injectable/inhaled/topical medications, products related to joint and bone health were most frequently used (66.93%) followed by respiratory health (45.16%) and quieting agents (17.74%). The supplements/medications provided addressed an average of 4.6 health categories per horse. This survey provided insightful information on the use of dietary supplements and medications currently used in rodeo horses in the USA.
PSII-A-11 Suppressing the Cxcl12-Cxcr4 Chemokine Axis at the Fetal-Maternal Interface During Implantation Results in Altered Expression of Inflammatory Cytokines in Ovine Placenta at Midgestation
Authors: Hughes Jillian M , Alderete Cael N , Ashley Ryan L 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A proper balance of pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines at the fetal-maternal interface is crucial for successful embryo implantation and placental formation (placentation) during early gestation. However, mechanisms controlling this inflammatory profile are not well characterized. The C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) and its receptor CXCR4 are expressed by fetal and maternal placental tissues and implicated in cytokine synthesis; roles of this axis during placentation are unclear. Using an in vivo sheep model, we demonstrated that suppressing CXCL12-CXCR4 signaling at the fetal-maternal interface during implantation results in dysregulated production of inflammatory cytokines in the placenta. The objective of the current study was to determine if the disrupted cytokine profile from suppressing CXCL12-CXCR4 signaling early in gestation would result in altered placental inflammatory profile at midgestation. On day 12 post-breeding, osmotic pumps were surgically installed in 37 ewes and delivered either CXCR4 inhibitor (AMD3100) at 1X dose, (n=8), 1.5X, (n=8), or 3X, (n=8) or saline (n=13) into the uterine lumen ipsilateral to the corpus luteum for 14 days. On days 90 and 135, placental tissues were collected, and maternal and fetal placenta components separated and analyzed. Gene expression for select cytokines were analyzed in the placenta using Real-time qPCR. On day 90, mRNA expression was significantly altered by AMD3100 treatment for tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin 12 (IL-12), and transforming growth factor beta (TGFB) in fetal placenta. Expression of TGFB in fetal placenta was also altered by AMD3100 treatment compared to control on day 135 whereas IL-12 expression was significantly altered in maternal placenta on day 135. In conclusion, modulating CXCL12-induced actions is a novel approach to manipulating the fetal-maternal environment when most pregnancy losses occur. Increasing our understanding of CXCL12-induced actions controlling the placental inflammatory environment will hopefully reveal methods to improve reproductive success and fetal health in livestock.
PSIV-B-17 Effects of Weaning Method on Performance of Crossbred Beef Calves
Authors: Rook Whitney L , Rivera Daniel , Shelton Cody , Jones Richard C 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
English cross beef calves (n=115; BW = 245 + 40 kg) were used in the first of a three-year project to examine the effects of three weaning systems on post weaning performance. Cattle were stratified by age of dam and assigned to: 1) Drylot (DRY), 2) Pasture (PAST) or 3) Fenceline (FEN) weaning system. Calves in DRY were physically separated from their dams and fed a mixed ration across 4 pens. Calves in PAST were physically separated from their dams and assigned to 2 pastures consisting of Bermudagrass and fed a supplement. Calves in FEN were separated from their dams in adjacent pastures (n = 2) but maintained nose contact with their dams and fed a supplement. Pasture analysis from PAST and FEN were used to calculate the amount of supplement, so that total NE would be similar to that fed to DRY. Cattle were weighed weekly, until d 28, then weighed on d 56. Pen/pasture were the experimental unit, animal within pen was the random effect, data were analyzed using PROC Mixed. No differences (P &gt; 0.10) were noted with BW at d 0, 7 or 28; however, both FEN and PAST had greater BW at d 15 (P = 0.05) and tended to have greater BW at d 21 (P = 0.06); nevertheless, by d 56, DRY had greater BW compared with FEN and PAST (P=0.03). Similarly, ADG tended to be greater in FEN and PAST from d 0-14 (P= 0.06) and from d 0-21 (P = 0.07). Overall ADG from d 0-56 was greater for DRY compared with PAST and FEN (P = 0.03). By design, cattle in DRY had more measurable DMI compared with PAST and FEN at all points (P &lt; 0.0004). Cost of gain was greater (P= 0.02) with more economical gain associated with FEN and PAST compared with DRY (P = 0.02).
PSIV-B-18 Effects of Winter Hair Shedding Level and Service Sire Breed on cow-Calf Performance of a Spring-Calving Herd in the Southeastern United States
Authors: Hayes Emily G , Hurt Kaylee , Leite-Browning Maria L , Browning Richard 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Over three years, the effects of winter hair shedding and service sire breed on cow-calf performance were assessed. Dexter cows were scored each spring for percentage of winter hair loss (0% = thick coat, 100% = smooth coat). Cows were exposed by natural service to Dexter (DEX) and Mashona (MAS) bulls in July. Calves were weighed at birth, 3.5 mo of age, and at weaning (7 mo). Based on hair scores in early June of each year, cows were classified as low shedders (LoS; 0 to 50%; n = 67) or high shedders (HiS; 51 to 100%; n = 130). Hair shed interacted (p &lt; 0.05) with sire breed to affect pregnancy rates. HiS x MAS had a greater (p &lt; 0.05) pregnancy rate than HiS x DEX (92.8 ± 3.8 vs. 60.9 ± 7.7%). Breeds did not differ (p &gt; 0.05) within LoS. Pregnancy rate was greater (p &lt; 0.05) for HiS than LoS (81.6 ± 4.8 vs. 63.1 ± 7.7%). Hair shed scores did not affect (p &gt; 0.05) ADG. MAS calves had greater (p &lt; 0.05) birth to 3.5 mo and birth to weaning ADG (0.77 ± 0.06 and 0.58 ± 0.05 kg/d, respectively) than DEX calves (0.64 ± 0.06 and 0.48 ± 0.05 kg/d, respectively). Across two complete production years, shedding group and service sire breed interacted (p &lt; 0.05) for calf weight weaned per cow exposed. Within MAS, HiS weaned more weight (p &lt; 0.05) than LoS (157.08 ± 24.27 vs. 48.47 ± 28.90 kg). Hair shedding was not important within DEX. Within HiS, MAS cows weaned more weight (p &lt; 0.05) than DEX cows (157.08 ± 24.27 vs. 84.01 ± 24.01 kg). Service sire breed was not important within LoS. Hair shedding level and service sire breed influenced cow-calf performance.
PSXI-2 Circulating Mirnas as non-Invasive Biomarkers of Chronic Kidney Disease and Calcium Oxalate Uroliths in Felines
Authors: Gupta-Saraf Pooja , Tavener Selena K , Panickar Kiran S 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD), characterized by progressive loss of kidney function, is a major cause of mortality in cats. Another complication is the formation of calcium oxalate (CaOx) uroliths in the bladder and kidneys of cats, where inflammation has a role in its pathogenesis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs which bind to the target mRNA to reduce its function. Depending on the target mRNA, they regulate transcription of several pro-inflammatory genes. We assessed the expression profiles of circulating miRNAs in blood, collected at the natural end-of-life in colony cats, in a retrospective study, in healthy (n=10; 5.9-16 yr), CaOx (n=10, 8.6-13.4 yr), and CKD (n=10; 8.3-15.4 yr). Circulating concentrations of creatinine, symmetric dimethylarginine, and blood urea nitrogen were significantly greater in CaOx and CKD cats compared with controls, indicating kidney dysfunction. Expression of miRNAs, measured by qRT-PCR, was analyzed using the ΔΔCt method and normalized to U6. There was a significant upregulation of miR-155 in CaOx stone formers compared with controls (p&lt; 0.05). miR-155 is increased in the serum and urine of human patients with nephrolithiasis. miR-155 can also promote oxalate-induced renal oxidative stress by suppressing MGP expression. In humans, miR-155 concentrations are negatively correlated with cytokines including IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, suggesting the involvement of inflammation in nephrolithiasis. However, miR-155 was downregulated in CKD compared with controls. miR-16 was also downregulated in CKD cats. Consistent with this, there is downregulation of both the miRNAs in human patients with Stage 4 CKD. Further, miRNAs downregulated in CaOx, but not in CKD, included miR-17, miR-19b, miR-27a, and miR-27b, whereas let-7a, miR-15a, miR-16, miR-29b, and miR-200a were downregulated only in CKD cats. Taken together, the profile of circulating miRNAs in CaOx and CKD cats may serve as important biomarkers in the initiation and progression of renal dysfunction in cats.
PSXI-4 Use of Foodomics Analysis to Biochemically Compare Different pet Food Ingredient Categories
Authors: Opetz Danielle , Beloshapka Alison , Oba Patrícia M , de Godoy Maria R , Swanson Kelly S 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
With an increased focus on pet health and longevity, ingredient nutritional quality and functionality is of great interest to the pet food industry. Characterizing the natural bioactive molecules present in different ingredient categories may identify those most likely to support health and/or manage disease. Over the past couple decades, high-throughput ‘omics’ technologies have been used to characterize the DNA, RNA, proteins, and metabolite profiles of dogs and cats. Similar technologies may now be applied to foods, a process referred to as ‘foodomics’. The objective of this study was to use foodomics analysis to characterize and compare various fruit-, vegetable-, tuber-, legume-, and grain-based ingredients. A total of 35 ingredients were subsampled, ground with liquid nitrogen, and sent to Metabolon, Inc. (Durham, NC) for untargeted high-throughput metabolomics analysis using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Over 640 named bioactive molecules were identified in the samples. Principal component analysis showed that ingredient classes tended to cluster together and separately from others, with distinct fruit-, vegetable-, and grain-based clusters identified. Legumes clustered most closely to tubers and vegetables. Random forest analysis had a nearly perfect predictive accuracy and was used to identify molecules most influential in separating ingredient classes. This dataset has provided a foundation from which the pet foodomics field may grow and has identified molecule signatures specific to ingredient type. Consequent studies may identify bioactive molecules possessing beneficial properties (e.g., antioxidant, antibacterial) that may be used to target obesity or support digestive health, skin and coat health, and joint health. Such analysis may also identify ingredient-specific biomarkers that may increase food consumption accuracy.
PSX-A-8 Updating Pre-Existing Genetic Evaluations System to Evaluate High-Throughput Data in Purebred and Crossbred Beef Cattle
Authors: Lee Kristin , Munro Jasper , Ventura Ricardo V , Schenkel Flavio S , Voort Gordon Vander , Cánovas4 Angela 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
High-throughput technologies are available to aid producers in efficiently and sustainably raising many animals, including automated sensory technologies for phenotype measurement and genomic data. However, uptake of genetic selection by the beef cattle sector has been limited by segmentation of the industry. Therefore, easy to use genetic evaluations systems (GES) that can convert ‘big data’ into real-time and comprehensive results are needed, so that beef cattle producers can utilize the technologies that are becoming available to make accurate breeding decisions. The purpose of this study is to update a pre-existing purebred and crossbred beef cattle GES to become both flexible and efficient in its ability to evaluate high-throughput phenotypic data, and to assess the feasibility of including genotypes in a single-step genetic evaluation procedure (ssGBLUP). Firstly, computational operations required for the calculation of breeding values will be quantified and evaluated. A purebred and crossbred reference population will be assembled using data from Canadian beef breed associations purebred (n = 186,928) and commercial animals (n = 14,406). Multiple breeds will be considered (Angus, Charolais, Hereford, and Simmental), and multiple phenotypes analyzed (birth weight, weaning weight, yearling weight, and calving ease). Key component matrix operations with and without the use of Python Libraries (NumPy) will be evaluated. Computational performance of the different strategies will be compared, including CPU time, and memory allocation. Subsequently, a simulated ssGBLUP will be conducted using a population which mimics that observed in the preliminary analysis. Computational costs associated with the implementation of ssGBLUP will be compared to the existing GES. The results of this study will be directly applied to provide beef producers with the tools to improve the genetics of their own herds. This will facilitate the uptake of technology by the industry, thus increasing the economic value and sustainability of beef production.
PSXII-9 Application of Machine Learning Algorithms to Estimate Tropical Pasture Biomass Based on Satellite Images
Authors: Fernandes Marcia H , Fernandes Jalme , Reis Ricardo Andrade , Tedeschi Luis O 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The proper quantification of forage allowance for ruminants in grass-based production systems has always been challenging. At the field scale, pasture management based on ground-level measurements, such as clipping or plate meter, is labor intensive and hampers the assessment of spatial and temporal variability. On the lookout for a solution, this study aimed to estimate marandu palisade grass forage mass based on satellite images using two machine learning (ML) algorithms, Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The experimental area comprised Marandu palisade grass pasture (Brachiaria brizantha ‘Marandu’), summing 33 paddocks (42 ha), receiving or not N fertilization. Pastures were managed under continuous stocking to maintain grazing height fixed at 25 cm during the growing season, using the put-and-take methodology with young beef bulls. Field dataset collection (total forage mass and morphological composition) and satellite images were assessed from Dec/2015 to Mar/2019 during the growing or wet season. The satellite images (Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2) were downloaded from US Geological Survey (USGS, http://earthexplorer.usgs.gov). Six spectral bands (Bd) and five vegetation indices (VI, Table 1) were used as input variables to MLR and ANN models. Datasets were randomly divided into a training set (80%) and a testing set (20%). Analyses were run in Python 3 (version 3.7). ML models are generally data-driven and require a large amount of data for better performance, and the best accuracy was achieved by using all Bd and VIs as input variables for both models (Table 1). In general, ANN produced better estimates than MLR models. Bd+VI better predicted leaf mass than total forage mass. Our results show that remotely sensed observations, based on satellite images, are a promising and effective tool for tropical grassland monitoring and management under continuous stocking rates. São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) (grant ≠15/16631-5; 17/18750-7; 20/14367-7).
PSXII-10 Concordance between a Time-of-Flight Sensor and Plate Meter Method for Estimating Forage Mass
Authors: Gadberry Shane , Hess Tom , Moss N T 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This project explored the use of a time-of-flight sensor (ToF) as an alternative to the plate meter (PM) for estimating forage mass. The ToF configuration included a single beam TFmini Plus LiDAR Module (Benewake Co., Haidian District, Beijing, China), an Arduino Uno (manufactured by Arduino S.r.l., Torino, Italy), and either a PC or cellular phone for datalogging transmitted serial values sent over a USB connection. The ToF configuration was attached to a utility vehicle drawn sled with a ground to sensor distance of 84cm. A reflective mat was attached to the sled that floated atop the forage canopy to create a height area to compensate for the narrow field of view of the sensor beam (≤ 5cm). Six comparisons were conducted between the ToF and PM including warm-season and cool-season forage stands. Both the ToF and PM were calibrated by clipping 10, 14, or 20 calibration squares each to a 5cm residual forage height followed by drying clipped forage at 55C. Calibration coefficient of determination ranged from 0.86 to 0.95 and 0.86 to 0.96 for ToF and PM, respectively. Pearson’s correlation and Lin’s concordance coefficients ranged from 0.45 to 0.95 and 0.36 to 0.92, respectively. While both the ToF and PM demonstrated a predictable relationship between their respective height measurements and clipped area forage mass, the concordance between the two methods was weak for some comparisons, likely due to within field sample point variation between the two methods. Further research is needed to better understand mat density, sampling intensity, and plant density and height on the potential use of the ToF as an alternative to the PM.
PSXII-14 Impact of Nitrogen Application and Intercrop Forage Species on Chemical Composition and Yield of Standing Corn and Intercropped Forages
Authors: Mengistu Genet , Lawley Yvonne , Ominski Kim , McGeough Emma J 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This study evaluated the impact of nitrogen (N) application rate and forage species of intercropped corn for potential grazing of beef cattle in late fall/early winter. A split plot design (4 replicates/treatment) was used at 2 experimental sites in Manitoba, Canada with 2 treatment factors: 1) N application rate as the main plot and 2) forage intercrop species as the sub plot. Nitrogen application rates were 45 kg N/ha and 112 kg N/ha. Forage species were: italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), hairy vetch (Vicia villosa), graza forage radish (Raphanus sativus), red clover (Trifolium incarnatum) and a mix of all 4 forages. Intercropped treatments were compared with corn only control treatments with no intercrop at both N rates. Plots were seeded in 2019 with corn from May 8-10 and intercrops seeded from June 17-25. Chemical composition of intercropped forages and corn were determined in early October. Averaged over sites and intercrop treatment, increasing N application increased (P&lt; 0.004) CP of the intercrops from 20.5% (low N) to 22.3% (high N), with CP similar at both sites. On average, radish had the greatest CP (29%), clover least (13.2%), with the remaining crops intermediate (mean 21.7%). Corn CP increased (P&lt; 0.01) with N application (6.6 to 7.5% averaged over treatments), with no effect of intercrop species. Intercrop TDN was not affected by N rate, with greatest concentrations observed in radish (68.2%), least in hairy vetch and red clover (53.6%) and intermediate in the mix and italian ryegrass (mean 60.2%). Dry matter yield for all intercrop and corn treatments were less than expected at both locations due to exceptional drought conditions. Intercrop treatment and its interaction with N rate did not impact corn yield. In conclusion, intercrop CP ranged from 12-29%, thus offering the potential to increase the feeding value of corn for overwintering cattle.