bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Learning-based catheter and guidewire-driven autonomous vascular intervention robotic system for reduced repulsive force
Authors: Song Hwa-Seob , Yi Byung-Ju , Won Jong Yun , Woo Jaehong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractManual vascular interventional radiology (VIR) procedures have been performed under radiation exposure conditions, and many commercial master–slave VIR robot systems have recently been developed to overcome this issue. However, master–slave VIR robot systems still have limitations. The operator must reside near the master device and control the slave robot using only the master device. In addition, the operator must simultaneously process the recognition of the surgical tool from the X-ray image while operating the master device. To overcome the limitations of master–slave VIR robot systems, we propose an autonomous VIR robot system with a deep learning algorithm that excludes the master device. The proposed autonomous VIR robot with a deep learning algorithm drives surgical tools to the target blood vessel location while simultaneously performing surgical tool recognition. The proposed autonomous VIR robot system detects the location of the surgical tool based on a supervised learning algorithm, and controls the surgical tools based on a reinforcement-learning algorithm. Experiments are conducted using two types of vascular phantoms to verify the effectiveness of the proposed autonomous VIR robot system. The experimental results of the vascular phantom show a comparison between the master–slave VIR robot system and the proposed autonomous VIR robot system in terms of the repulsive force, task completion time, and success rate during the operation. The proposed autonomous VIR robot system is shown to exhibit a significant reduction in repulsive force and a 96% success ratio based on a vascular phantom.
Presentation and management of a case of rectal cancer complicated by perforation and necrotizing soft tissue infection
Authors: Cragle Chad E , Schlenker James , Moonka Ravi , Wiebusch Abigail , Simianu Vlad V 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA 68-year-old man presented with septic shock and severe perineal pain from a perforated low-rectal cancer causing a perineal necrotizing soft tissue infection. He underwent laparoscopic diverting colostomy and multiple surgical debridements resulting in extensive perineal and left leg wounds. A multidisciplinary rectal cancer team recommended against neoadjuvant chemoradiation or chemotherapy in his current state. He underwent up-front, urgent robotic-assisted abdominoperineal resection with immediate oblique rectus abdominus muscle flap closure. Final pathology demonstrated a T4N1b adenocarcinoma with negative resection margins. The patient subsequently underwent adjuvant chemotherapy. Now at over 18 months, he remains cancer free.
Sleeve gastrectomy in a patient with situs inversus: a case report
Authors: Alonazi Ibrahim , Alharthy Yam , Alghamdi Ghadeer 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Situs inversus (SI) is a very rare congenital disease affecting one in 10 000 people. It is characterized by a mirror image transposition of both abdominal and thoracic organs. Diagnosis of SI is usually made incidentally while investigating for unrelated medical problem. It can be associated with cardiac and respiratory anomalies that may cause perioperative morbidity if not diagnosed before surgery. There are limited case reports in literature of SI patients that underwent bariatric procedures. We report a case of a 32-year-old female with SI partialis and levocardia who successfully underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. We concluded that sleeve gastrectomy is safe in patients with SI if diagnosed preoperatively and if all the necessary precautions are taken into consideration before and during the surgery.
Contralateral diaphragmatic injury sustained from transhumeral amputation: an unusual case and brief literature review
Authors: Marcucci Vincent , Campbell Stuart , Ihionkhan Emmanuel , Shah Ajul , Bauer Thomas , Pratt Abimbola 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Right-sided diaphragmatic injury is an uncommon sequelae from blunt trauma and may be associated with other severe thoracoabdominal injuries. This injury can be easily missed on initial assessment and a high index of suspicion and clinical judgment is required. Recently, we treated a 25-year-old male inflicted with a right-sided diaphragmatic injury after a left-sided transhumeral amputation sustained from an overturned motor vehicle collision with thoracoscopic exploration and reapproximation.
Virulence factors of Malassezia strains isolated from pityriasis versicolor patients and healthy individuals
Authors: Chebil Wissal , Rhimi Wafa , Haouas Najoua , Romano Valentina , Belgacem Sameh , Belhadj Ali Hichem , Babba Hamouda , Cafarchia Claudia 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Over the last decade, Malassezia species have emerged as increasingly important pathogens associated with a wide range of dermatological disorders and bloodstream infections. The pathogenesis of Malassezia yeasts is not completely clear, but it seems to be strictly related to Malassezia strains and hosts and needs to be better investigated. This study aimed to assess the enzymatic activities, biofilm formation and in vitro antifungal profiles of Malassezia spp. from pityriasis versicolor (PV) and healthy patients. The potential relationship between virulence attributes, the antifungal profiles and the origin of strains was also assessed. A total of 44 Malassezia strains isolated from patients with (n = 31) and without (n = 13) PV were employed to evaluate phospholipase (Pz), lipase (Lz), and hemolytic (Hz) activities and biofilm formation. In addition, in vitro antifungal susceptibility testing was conducted using the CLSI broth microdilution with some modifications. A high percentage of strains produced Pz, Lz, Hz and biofilm regardless of their clinical origin. The highest number of strains producing high enzymatic activities came from PV patients. A correlation between the intensity of hydrolytic activities (Lz and Pz activities) and the Hz activity was detected. Positive associations between Lz and the low fluconazole susceptibility and Hz and biofilm formation were observed. These results suggest that enzyme patterns and biofilm formation along with antifungal profiles inter-play a role in the pathogenicity of Malassezia spp. and might explain the implication of some Malassezia spp. in invasive fungal infections and in the development of inflammation.

Lay Summary
There is still little information on the virulence factors of Malassezia spp., despite their implication in severe diseases. Phospholipase, lipase, and hemolytic activities, biofilm formation and decreased antifungal susceptibility seem to contribute to their virulence in susceptible hosts.
Radio fossils, relics, and haloes in Abell 3266: cluster archaeology with ASKAP-EMU and the ATCA
Authors: Riseley C J , Bonnassieux E , Vernstrom T , Galvin T J , Chokshi A , Botteon A , Rajpurohit K , Duchesne S W , Bonafede A , Rudnick L , Hoeft M , Quici B , Eckert D , Brienza M , Tasse C , Carretti E , Collier J D , Diego J M , Di Mascolo L , Hopkins A M , Johnston-Hollitt M , Keel R R , Koribalski B S , Reiprich T H 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
Abell 3266 is a massive and complex merging galaxy cluster that exhibits significant substructure. We present new, highly sensitive radio continuum observations of Abell 3266 performed with the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (0.8–1.1 GHz) and the Australia Telescope Compact Array (1.1–3.1 GHz). These deep observations provide new insights into recently reported diffuse non-thermal phenomena associated with the intracluster medium, including a ‘wrong-way’ relic, a fossil plasma source, and an as-yet unclassified central diffuse ridge, which we reveal comprises the brightest part of a large-scale radio halo detected here for the first time. The ‘wrong-way’ relic is highly atypical of its kind: it exhibits many classical signatures of a shock-related radio relic, while at the same time exhibiting strong spectral steepening. While radio relics are generally consistent with a quasi-stationary shock scenario, the ‘wrong-way’ relic is not. We study the spectral properties of the fossil plasma source; it exhibits an ultrasteep and highly curved radio spectrum, indicating an extremely aged electron population. The larger scale radio halo fills much of the cluster centre, and presents a strong connection between the thermal and non-thermal components of the intracluster medium, along with evidence of substructure. Whether the central diffuse ridge is simply a brighter component of the halo, or a mini-halo, remains an open question. Finally, we study the morphological and spectral properties of the multiple complex radio galaxies in this cluster in unprecedented detail, tracing their evolutionary history.
Music Therapy for Hospitalized Antepartum Patients: A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Horn Johanna , Robinson Jaimee , Tolliver Marie , Gollenberg Audra , Meadows Anthony 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This study reports the benefits of individual music therapy with 5 mothers hospitalized due to complications related to their pregnancies. These five expectant mothers, hospitalized for a range of reasons, participated in 1 to 5 music therapy sessions focused primarily on their emotional well-being. An analysis of data from the Antepartum Bedrest Emotional Impact Inventory revealed significant changes (p = .0006) in the emotional health of these expectant mothers after their music therapy sessions. Concomitant analysis of post-session questionnaires suggested four primary types of emotional benefit: (1) improved connections to family, (2) normalization of the hospital experience, (3) emotional relief, and (4) new resources to manage the hospital experience. These benefits are described within the context of the music therapy sessions along with a discussion of practical challenges that arose while implementing music therapy in this hospital environment.
Use and Product Characteristics of “Tobacco Free Nicotine” E-Cigarettes Among Young Adults
Authors: Davis Danielle R , Bold Krysten W , Camenga Deepa , Kong Grace , Jackson Asti , Lee Juhan , Rajesh-Kumar Lavanya , Krishnan-Sarin Suchitra , Morean Meghan E 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Introduction
E-cigarettes are increasingly being marketed as containing tobacco-free nicotine (TFN). There is no data examining use of TFN e-cigarettes by young adults and how use may differ from non-TFN e-cigarettes. The current study aims to characterize young adult TFN e-cigarette use and examine differences between those who report using TFN and non-TFN e-cigarettes.

Method
U.S. young adults (18–25) with lifetime e-cigarette use (n = 927) were recruited via online panels in Fall 2021 and answered questions about TFN and non-TFN e-cigarettes. Participants were categorized by lifetime TFN e-cigarette use status (yes vs. no; 34% yes). Bivariate comparisons examined differences in e-cigarette characteristics (device type, flavors, nicotine concentration) between the TFN and non-TFN groups. Binary logistic regression models examined associations between lifetime frequency of vaping (&lt;100 vs. ≥100 times), and other tobacco product, cannabis, and/or alcohol use and lifetime TFN e-cigarette use (yes vs. no). Adjusted models include age, race/ethnicity, vaping onset age, and sex.

Results
In multivariable adjusted models, lifetime TFN e-cigarette use was associated with younger age, greater lifetime vaping, and nicotine pouch use. Young adults who used TFN e-cigarettes were more likely to report fruit, mint, menthol, and beverage flavors and know their e-liquid nicotine concentration compared with those who used non-TFN e-cigarettes.

Conclusion
Among young adults who have used e-cigarettes, more frequent e-cigarette use and use of nicotine pouches, which can also contain TFN, were associated with TFN e-cigarette use. Understanding behaviors and characteristics of those using TFN e-cigarettes is critical to regulation of TFN containing products.

Implications
This study characterizes young adults who report experience with tobacco free nicotine (TFN) e-cigarettes and compares them to those who have not used TFN e-cigarettes. Young adults with more frequent e-cigarette use and use of nicotine pouches are more likely to report TFN e-cigarette use.
A Nonrestrictive Approach to Fluoroquinolone Stewardship at Two Community Hospitals
Authors: Truong William R , Robinson Philip A , Beuttler Richard C , Yamaki Jason 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Fluoroquinolones are one of the most prescribed antimicrobials in the United States and have been increasingly used in inpatient and outpatient settings to treat various infectious diseases syndromes. Due to the unwanted collateral effects on antibiotic resistance, poor susceptibility rates among Gram-negative pathogens, and adverse effects, fluoroquinolones are often targeted by hospital antimicrobial stewardship programs to prevent overutilization. This study describes the association of nonrestrictive antimicrobial stewardship interventions at 2 nonacademic community hospitals on levofloxacin utilization, prescribing patterns on alternative antibiotics, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa nonsusceptibility rates to levofloxacin.

Methods
Nonrestrictive antimicrobial stewardship interventions included monitoring and reporting of fluoroquinolone susceptibility trends to physician groups, performing medication use evaluations of levofloxacin accompanied with prescriber detailing, daily prospective audit and feedback, implementation of beta-lactam-based institutional guidelines for empiric therapy in various infectious disease syndromes, review and adjustment of electronic medical record order sets containing fluoroquinolones, and intensive prescriber education. No preauthorization of levofloxacin was used during this study period. Antibiotic utilization data were collected for the time periods of August 2015 through January 2021. Correlation between levofloxacin and other broad-spectrum antibiotc use was investigated as well as the impact on Pseudomonas aeruginosa levofloxacin nonsusceptibility rates.

Results
Both hospitals showed an overall downward trend in the prescribing of levofloxacin during the time period of August 2015 to January 2021. There was a significant negative correlation between monthly ceftriaxone and levofloxacin days of therapy for both hospitals (P &lt; .0001). There was a positive correlation between levofloxacin days of therapy and P aeruginosa nonsusceptibility (P &lt; .02 at both hospitals).

Conclusions
Our results demonstrate that a nonrestrictive approach to fluoroquinolone stewardship interventions had a significant impact on reducing levofloxacin utilization, increasing ceftriaxone utilization, and improving P aeruginosa levofloxacin susceptibility.
Conservation officer perceptions of stress associated with traditional policing duties
Authors: Ledford Logan , Osborne Dustin , Edwards Bradley , Stickle Ben 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThough a limited amount of research has focused on conservation officers’ work, few studies have explored the levels of stress that they perceive to be associated with the work. Furthermore, no study has addressed the levels of stress that these officers associate with traditional policing duties. This is problematic since many are now being tasked with these duties in addition to their conservation-specific roles. This study seeks to address this knowledge gap by utilizing data from 346 conservation officers in six US states. It addresses the role that individual characteristics (for example tenure, education, age) and duty frequency play in influencing the levels of stress that officers associate with traditional policing duties. The analyses suggest that officers with higher education levels, those who have longer tenures in the field, and those who more frequently perform traditional policing duties tend to feature higher levels of perceived stress. Conversely, those with prior policing experience (before becoming a conservation officer) appear to be somewhat insulated from the negative impacts of performing traditional duties. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to potential alterations in conservation officer recruitment and training.
A Systematic Review of the Efficacy and Availability of Targeted Treatments for Central Sensitization in Women With Endometriosis
Authors: Simpson Grace , Philip Moira , Lucky Tarana , Ang Catarina , Kathurusinghe Shamitha 
Published: August 2022

Objectives:
Central sensitization (CS) contributes to patient variability when treating pain in endometriosis. Targeting this process may alleviate hyperalgesia and allodynia in women refractory to current treatments. Currently, there has been no review of targeted treatments for central sensitization in women with endometriosis. Therefore, this review aims to identify and summarize the findings of studies regarding the availability and efficacy of targeted treatments for CS in women with endometriosis.

Materials and Methods:
A systematic review was conducted searching MEDLINE, Embase and CINAHL. Inclusion criteria: primary research articles, women with endometriosis and CS features, and description of treatments for CS, or its effects on hyperalgesia and allodynia. Exclusion criteria: review articles, letters to the editor, commentaries, editorials, protocols, or women with endometriosis infiltrating nerves. Risk of bias analysis was conducted. Data was reviewed and summarized by treatment method.

Results:
Eight studies met inclusion criteria, demonstrating limited research in this area. Four treatment options were addressed: surgical approaches, nerve stimulation approaches, injection-based therapies, and hormonal therapies. Surgery and nerve stimulation appear the most promising treatments for CS. Injections have limited and mixed evidence of efficacy. Limited evidence suggests hormonal therapies may be ineffective.

Discussion:
Given the lack of evidence for any treatment, all require further research to determine treatment efficacy before options will be available clinically. There is a clear need for consistency in defining and identifying CS in study populations. This review identifies areas of interest, particularly surgery and nerve stimulation, from which future research must stem.
Illness stigma, body image dissatisfaction, thwarted belongingness and depressive symptoms in youth with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Roberts Caroline M. , Gamwell Kaitlyn L. , Baudino Marissa N. , Edwards Clayton S. , Jacobs Noel J. , Tung Jeanne , Grunow John E. , Mullins Larry L. , Chaney John M. 
Published: August 2022

Background
Elevated depressive symptoms are observed in a significant number of youth with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and have been linked to illness stigma and social isolation. Body image dissatisfaction is an understudied variable in the pediatric IBD literature that may be related to both stigma and social difficulties. It is suspected that, due to the stigmatizing nature of IBD, some youth may feel self-conscious about their body image, which contributes to decreased feelings of social belongingness and ultimately depressive symptoms. The current study tested an illness stigma→ body image dissatisfaction→ thwarted belongingness→ depressive symptoms serial mediation model, in which IBD stigma was hypothesized to indirectly influence youth depressive symptoms through the sequential effects of stigma on body image dissatisfaction and thwarted social belongingness.

Methods
Youth with IBD (N = 75) between 10 and 18 years old were recruited from a pediatric gastroenterology clinic and completed psychosocial measures. Disease severity was assessed by a physician global assessment. Current medications and BMI data were collected.

Results
Analyses revealed significant direct effects among the modeled variables and a significant serial indirect path for illness stigma→ body image dissatisfaction→ thwarted belongingness→ depressive symptoms, controlling for sex, BMI and prednisone medication.

Conclusions:
Youth who perceive greater IBD stigma are more likely to experience increased body image dissatisfaction due to their IBD, which may engender feelings of social estrangement and ultimately elevated depressive symptoms. Depressive symptoms and the psychosocial challenges faced by youth should be routinely monitored as part of comprehensive IBD management.
A modified multibond model for nanoscale static friction
Authors: Milne Zachary B. , Hasz Kathryn , McClimon J. B. , Castro Juan , Carpick Robert W. 
Published: August 2022

Several key features of nanoscale friction phenomena observed in experiments, including the stick-slip to smooth sliding transition and the velocity and temperature dependence of friction, are often described by reduced-order models. The most notable of these are the thermal Prandtl–Tomlinson model and the multibond model. Here we present a modified multibond (mMB) model whereby a physically-based criterion—a critical bond stretch length—is used to describe interfacial bond breaking. The model explicitly incorporates damping in both the cantilever and the contacting materials. Comparison to the Fokker–Planck formalism supports the results of this new model, confirming its ability to capture the relevant physics. Furthermore, the mMB model replicates the near-logarithmic trend of increasing friction with lateral scanning speed seen in many experiments. The model can also be used to probe both correlated and uncorrelated stick slip. Through greater understanding of the effects of damping and noise in the system and the ability to more accurately simulate a system with multiple interaction sites, this model extends the range of frictional systems and phenomena that can be investigated.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Nanocracks in nature and industry’.
New theory explaining Griffith strength results on nano-cracked glass fibres
Authors: Kendall Kevin 
Published: August 2022

The purpose of this paper is to propose a mechanism and theory that can explain the extraordinary increase in measured strength that Griffith observed for glass fibres containing nano-cracks. His 1921 theory (Griffith 1921Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A221, 163–198. (doi:10.1098/rsta.1921.0006)) predicted that the strength of a cracked sample should be independent of sample size, yet his results on stretched glass fibres gave strength increasing almost as the inverse of fibre diameter. He proposed a ‘flaw statistics’ argument in an attempt to explain these bizarre results, suggesting strength increased because large defects were less likely in the smaller volumes. But this ‘flaw statistics’ concept is unnecessary because the Griffith energy criterion of cracking must give a size effect, as demonstrated in many different crack-testing configurations. In general, the Griffith energy criterion for crack equilibrium predicts strength rising for smaller samples because such samples contain less volume energy to create new crack surface energy. The problem is that this ‘size effect’ idea has not until now been properly defined for the simple tension crack test. The new idea proposed is that many nano-cracks are likely to exist in an experimental glass sample, so these must also obey the thermodynamic analysis. A problem then arises because, as the main crack propagates, other cracks may close, but healing is not reversible in glass so thermodynamics does not apply completely to these secondary cracks. Crack healing is in the Griffith theory, which is perfectly reversible mathematically, though not explicitly stated.This article is part of the theme issue 'Nanocracks in nature and industry'.