bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Valley-floor snowfall in Taylor Valley, Antarctica, from 1995 to 2017: spring, summer and autumn
Authors: Myers Madeline E. , Doran Peter T. , Myers Krista F. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe present an analysis of the 20 year snowfall dataset in Taylor Valley and the results of a new snow cover monitoring study. Snowfall has been measured at four sites in Taylor Valley from 1995 to 2017. We focus on valley-floor snowfall when wind does not exceed 5 m s-1, and we exclude winter from our analysis due to poor data quality. Snowfall averaged 11 mm water equivalent (w.e.) from 1995 to 2017 across all stations and ranged from 1 to 58 mm w.e. Standard deviations ranged from 3 to 17 mm w.e., highlighting the strong interannual variability of snowfall in Taylor Valley. During spring and autumn there is a spatial gradient in snowfall such that the coast received twice as much snowfall as more central and inland stations. We identified a changepoint in 2007 from increasing snowfall (3 mm w.e. yr-1) to decreasing snowfall (1 mm w.e. yr-1), which coincides with a shift from decreasing temperature to no detectable temperature trend. Daily camera imagery from 2007 to 2017 augments the snowfall measurements. The camera imagery revealed a near tripling of the average number of days with snow cover from 37 days between 2006 and 2012 to 106 days with snow cover between 2012 and 2017.
Marsquake Locations and 1‐D Seismic Models for Mars From InSight Data
Authors: Drilleau Mélanie , Samuel Henri , Garcia Raphaël F. , Rivoldini Attilio , Perrin Clément , Michaut Chloé , Wieczorek Mark , Tauzin Benoît , Connolly James A. D. , Meyer Pauline , Lognonné Philippe , Banerdt William B. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe present inversions for the structure of Mars using the first Martian seismic record collected by the InSight lander. We identified and used arrival times of direct, multiples, and depth phases of body waves, for 17 marsquakes to constrain the quake locations and the one‐dimensional average interior structure of Mars. We found the marsquake hypocenters to be shallower than 40 km depth, most of them being located in the Cerberus Fossae graben system, which could be a source of marsquakes. Our results show a significant velocity jump between the upper and the lower part of the crust, interpreted as the transition between intrusive and extrusive rocks. The lower crust makes up a significant fraction of the crust, with seismic velocities compatible with those of mafic to ultramafic rocks. Additional constraints on the crustal thickness from previous seismic analyses, combined with modeling relying on gravity and topography measurements, yield constraints on the present‐day thermochemical state of Mars and on its long‐term history. Our most constrained inversion results indicate a present‐day surface heat flux of 22 ± 1 mW/m2, a relatively hot mantle (potential temperature: 1740 ± 90 K) and a thick lithosphere (540 ± 120 km), associated with a lithospheric thermal gradient of 1.9 ± 0.3 K/km. These results are compatible with recent seismic studies using a reduced data set and different inversion approaches, confirming that Mars' potential mantle temperature was initially relatively cold (1780 ± 50 K) compared to that of its present‐day state, and that its crust contains 10–12 times more heat‐producing elements than the primitive mantle.
Lithogenic Particle Flux to the Subantarctic Southern Ocean: A Multi‐Tracer Estimate Using Sediment Trap Samples
Authors: Traill Christopher D. , Weis Jakob , Wynn‐Edwards Cathryn , Perron Morgane M. G. , Chase Zanna , Bowie Andrew R. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMineral dust is a key source of essential micronutrients, particularly iron (Fe), for phytoplankton in the Southern Ocean. However, observations of dust deposition over the Southern Ocean are sparse, hindering assessments of its influence on marine biogeochemistry. We present a time series (2010–2019) of lithogenic particle flux estimates using sediment trap samples collected at 1,000 m depth at the subantarctic Southern Ocean Time Series (SOTS) site. Lithogenic flux was estimated using individual Fe, aluminium (Al), titanium, and thorium concentrations in sediment trap particles less than 1 mm in size. These tracers showed good agreement with one another, and their average was investigated as a proxy for mineral dust deposition. This multi‐tracer average lithogenic flux exhibited strong seasonality, peaking in late spring and summer. No significant Fe enrichment was observed compared to the average upper continental crust, indicating that lithogenic material dominates particulate Fe flux at SOTS. Similar Fe:Al ratios in our samples compared to those reported in marine aerosols off southern Australia, coupled with particle trajectory analysis, suggested Australian dust constitutes the primary lithogenic source to SOTS sinking particles. Lead enrichment in our samples also highlighted an anthropogenic contribution to sinking particles, which might represent an additional aeolian source of more bio‐available Fe to subantarctic waters. This study contributes a new long‐term estimate of lithogenic particle fluxes and aeolian deposition over the subantarctic Southern Ocean. These estimates may enhance model representation of trace metal contribution to biogeochemical processes in the Southern Ocean.
Autocorrelation R2 on Mars
Authors: Deng Sizhuang , Levander Alan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA purpose of the Interior Exploration Using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport (InSight) mission is to reveal the Martian interior structure with seismic data. In this work, ambient noise autocorrelation of the continuously recorded vertical‐component seismic signals has extracted the Rayleigh waves that propagate around Mars for one cycle, R2. The Mars orbiting surface waves are observed at a lag time of ∼6,000 s in the stacked autocorrelation series filtered between 0.005 and 0.01 Hz. Synthetic seismograms from a set of radially concentric velocity models were computed to find the best‐fitting one as the starting model for a Monte Carlo inversion. The starting model was randomly perturbed iteratively to increase the correlation coefficients and reduce the absolute time shifts between the synthetic and observed R2. An S‐wave low‐velocity layer in the inverted velocity model extends to ∼400 km depth, consistent with Marsquake observations, geophysical inversion, and high‐pressure experiments.
A Physically Based Statistical Model With the Parameterized Topographic Effect for Predicting the Weakening of Tropical Cyclones After Landfall Over China
Authors: Liu Lu , Wang Yuqing 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAccurate prediction of tropical cyclone (TC) intensity is important but challenging. In this study, a physically based algebraic decay model for predicting TC weakening after landfall over China is introduced, which assumes the TC weakening rate is proportional to the square of the TC maximum near‐surface wind speed. In this algebraic decay model, a decay parameter including the topographic effect by modifying the surface drag coefficient with the normalized terrain height is determined by minimizing the forecast errors for all landfalling TCs over mainland China during 1980–2020. Results show that the algebraic decay model with topographic effect considered performs better than the commonly used exponential decay model for TCs after landfall over mainland China, especially when TCs move further inland. This new model has a time‐dependent decay parameter along the TC track due to the topographic variation, which is different from the previous exponential decay model.
Reinterpreting Precipitation Stable Water Isotope Variability in the Andean Western Cordillera Due To Sub‐Seasonal Moisture Source Changes and Sub‐Cloud Evaporation
Authors: Welp Lisa R. , Olson Elizabeth J. , Valdivia Adriana Larrea , Larico Juan Reyes , Arhuire Efraín Palma , Paredes Lino Morales , DeGraw Jonathan T. , Michalski Greg M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPrecipitation in the arid Central Andean Western Cordillera is strongly sensitive to large‐scale atmospheric circulation patterns which transport moisture from different source regions. As a result, the stable water isotopes of precipitation in this region have been difficult to interpret. We analyzed daily rainfall in the southern Peruvian city of Arequipa for water stable isotopes during the 2019 monsoon season to study sub‐seasonal precipitation dynamics. At 2,300 masl elevation, most rain was sourced from easterly moisture transported over the Altiplano, and was isotopically enriched (δ18O = −5.2‰), likely due to sub‐cloud evaporation. This was contrary to literature expectations that enriched isotopic values indicate Pacific moisture. During a 2‐week period of northerly moisture transport and intense rainfall, we observed rain stable water isotopes shifted to depleted values (δ18O = −10.3‰). This study provides new context for interpreting time‐varying and elevation‐varying moisture source influence in the Western Cordillera.
Dust, Sand, and Winds Within an Active Martian Storm in Jezero Crater
Authors: Lemmon M. T. , Smith M. D. , Viudez‐Moreiras D. , de la Torre‐Juarez M. , Vicente‐Retortillo A. , Munguira A. , Sanchez‐Lavega A. , Hueso R. , Martinez G. , Chide B. , Sullivan R. , Toledo D. , Tamppari L. , Bertrand T. , Bell J. F. , Newman C. , Baker M. , Banfield D. , Rodriguez‐Manfredi J. A. , Maki J. N. , Apestigue V. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRovers and landers on Mars have experienced local, regional, and planetary‐scale dust storms. However, in situ documentation of active lifting within storms has remained elusive. Over 5–11 January 2022 (LS153°–156°), a dust storm passed over the Perseverance rover site. Peak visible optical depth was ∼2, and visibility across the crater was briefly reduced. Pressure amplitudes and temperatures responded to the storm. Winds up to 20 m s−1rotated around the site before the wind sensor was damaged. The rover imaged 21 dust‐lifting events—gusts and dust devils—in one 25‐min period, and at least three events mobilized sediment near the rover. Rover tracks and drill cuttings were extensively modified, and debris was moved onto the rover deck. Migration of small ripples was seen, but there was no large‐scale change in undisturbed areas. This work presents an overview of observations and initial results from the study of the storm.
Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation Regulates Cloud Condensation Nuclei in the Global Remote Troposphere
Authors: Liu Mingxu , Matsui Hitoshi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFormation of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) through the atmospheric oxidation of organic vapors has potential to enable particle growth to cloud condensation nuclei (CCN)‐relevant sizes. In this work, we constrain a global aerosol model by using aircraft measurements to reveal the global importance of SOA formation in CCN production. Our improved model, with explicit size‐resolved aerosol microphysics and parametrizations of semivolatile organic oxidation products, presents a state‐of‐the‐art performance in simulating both particle number concentrations and organic aerosol concentrations dominated (80–95%) by SOA in the remote atmosphere, which have been challenges in previous modeling studies. The SOA formation in concert with aerosol nucleation contributes to more than 50% of CCN concentrations in those pristine environments featuring low background aerosol concentrations. We estimate that the SOA‐derived CCN alters the magnitude of cloud radiative forcing by ∼0.1 W m−2. Our findings underscore the necessity for aerosol‐climate models to represent controls on CCN concentrations by SOA production.
Contribution of Atmospheric Rivers to Antarctic Precipitation
Authors: Maclennan Michelle L. , Lenaerts Jan T. M. , Shields Christine , Wille Jonathan D. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAtmospheric rivers (ARs) are efficient mechanisms for transporting atmospheric moisture from low latitudes to the Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS). While AR events occur infrequently, they can lead to extreme precipitation and surface melt events on the AIS. Here we estimate the contribution of ARs to total Antarctic precipitation, by combining precipitation from atmospheric reanalyses and a polar‐specific AR detection algorithm. We show that ARs contribute substantially to Antarctic precipitation, especially in East Antarctica at elevations below 3,000 m. ARs contribute substantially to year‐to‐year variability in Antarctic precipitation. Our results highlight that ARs are an important component for understanding present and future Antarctic mass balance trends and variability.
Microseismic Constraints on the Mechanical State of the North Anatolian Fault Zone 13 Years After the 1999 M7.4 Izmit Earthquake
Authors: Beaucé Eric , van der Hilst Robert D. , Campillo Michel 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe 17 August 1999 Mw7.4 Izmit earthquake ruptured the western section of the North Anatolian Fault Zone and strongly altered the fault zone properties and stress field. Consequences of the co‐ and post‐seismic stress changes were seen in the spatio‐temporal evolution of the seismicity and in the surface slip rates. Thirteen years after the Izmit earthquake, in 2012, the seismic network Dense Array for North Anatolia (DANA) was deployed for 1.5 years. We built a new catalog of microseismicity (M < 2) by applying our automated detection and location method to the DANA data set. Our method combines a systematic backprojection of the seismic wavefield and template matching. We analyzed the statistical properties of the catalog by computing the Gutenberg‐Richter b‐value and by quantifying the amount of temporal clustering in groups of nearby earthquakes. We found that the microseismicity mainly occurs off the main fault and that the most active regions are the Lake Sapanca step‐over and near the Akyazi fault. Based on previous studies, we interpreted the b‐values and temporal clustering (a) as indicating that the Akyazi seismicity is occurring in high background stresses and is driven by the Izmit earthquake residual stresses, and (b) as suggesting evidence that an intricate combination of seismic and aseismic slip was taking place on heterogeneous faults at the eastern Lake Sapanca, near the brittle‐ductile transition. Combined with geodetic evidence for enhanced north‐south extension around Lake Sapanca following the Izmit earthquake, the seismicity supports the possibility of slow slip at depth in the step‐over.
Effects of Lunar Near‐Surface Geology on Moonquakes Ground Motion Amplification
Authors: Amrouche Mohamed , Weber Renee C. , Schmerr Nicholas , Iqbal Wajiha 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLunar seismology has focused on exploring the Moon's seismic activity and its internal structure. However, less attention has been given to site specific, near‐surface geology‐related amplification of seismic waves on the Moon. Here, we quantified ground‐motion amplifications of seismic waves due to local site conditions at the Apollo landing sites. We analyzed Apollo Passive Seismic Experiments seismometer recordings of 30 artificial and natural impacts and estimated the mid‐period (0.1–3 Hz) ground‐motion amplification at each site. We applied techniques commonly used in engineering seismology to understand the local site effects, such as the Horizontal over Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR) and the Reference Site Method (RSM) on lunar seismic data. The HVSR and the RSM show convergent spectral ratios specific for each landing site. To correlate these empirical results estimated from lunar artificial and meteoroid impact events with the local site geology, we simulated ground motion amplification using 2D finite difference modeling of lunar geological models and estimated the best geological setting capable of producing a similar frequency response to those observed at each Apollo landing site. Correlation results from the empirical methods and the simulated models show similarities ranging between 79% and 92%, a correlation more than 90% between the RSM and the HVSR results, and similarity exceeding 96% between RSM estimations using different reference sites. These results demonstrate the prominence of a local site geology dependent amplification for frequencies between 0.1 and 3 Hz.
Global and local ancestry modulate APOE association with Alzheimer’s neuropathology and cognitive outcomes in an admixed sample
Authors: Naslavsky Michel Satya , Suemoto Claudia K. , Brito Luciano Abreu , Scliar Marília Oliveira , Ferretti-Rebustini Renata Eloah , Rodriguez Roberta Diehl , Leite Renata E. P. , Araujo Nathalia Matta , Borda Victor , Tarazona-Santos Eduardo , Jacob-Filho Wilson , Pasqualucci Carlos , Nitrini Ricardo , Yaffe Kristine , Zatz Mayana , Grinberg Lea T. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDementia is more prevalent in Blacks than in Whites, likely due to a combination of environmental and biological factors. Paradoxically, clinical studies suggest an attenuation of APOE ε4 risk of dementia in African ancestry (AFR), but a dearth of neuropathological data preclude the interpretation of the biological factors underlying these findings, including the association between APOE ε4 risk and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology, the most frequent cause of dementia. We investigated the interaction between African ancestry, AD-related neuropathology, APOE genotype, and functional cognition in a postmortem sample of 400 individuals with a range of AD pathology severity and lack of comorbid neuropathology from a cohort of community-dwelling, admixed Brazilians. Increasing proportions of African ancestry (AFR) correlated with a lower burden of neuritic plaques (NP). However, for individuals with a severe burden of NP and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT), AFR proportion was associated with worse Clinical Dementia Rating sum of boxes (CDR-SOB). Among APOE ε4 carriers, the association between AFR proportion and CDR-SOB disappeared. APOE local ancestry inference of a subset of 309 individuals revealed that, in APOE ε4 noncarriers, non-European APOE background correlated with lower NP burden and, also, worse cognitive outcomes than European APOE when adjusting by NP burden. Finally, APOE ε4 was associated with worse AD neuropathological burden only in a European APOE background. APOE genotype and its association with AD neuropathology and clinical pattern are highly influenced by ancestry, with AFR associated with lower NP burden and attenuated APOE ε4 risk compared to European ancestry.
A novel uterine leiomyoma subtype exhibits NRF2 activation and mutations in genes associated with neddylation of the Cullin 3-RING E3 ligase
Authors: Mehine Miika , Ahvenainen Terhi , Khamaiseh Sara , Härkönen Jouni , Reinikka Siiri , Heikkinen Tuomas , Äyräväinen Anna , Pakarinen Päivi , Härkki Päivi , Pasanen Annukka , Levonen Anna-Liisa , Bützow Ralf , Vahteristo Pia 
Published: September 2022

AbstractUterine leiomyomas, or fibroids, are the most common tumors in women of reproductive age. Uterine leiomyomas can be classified into at least three main molecular subtypes according to mutations affecting MED12, HMGA2, or FH. FH-deficient leiomyomas are characterized by activation of the NRF2 pathway, including upregulation of the NRF2 target gene AKR1B10. Here, we have identified a novel leiomyoma subtype showing AKR1B10 expression but no alterations in FH or other known driver genes. Whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing revealed biallelic mutations in key genes involved in neddylation of the Cullin 3-RING E3 ligase, including UBE2M, NEDD8, CUL3, and NAE1. 3′RNA sequencing confirmed a distinct molecular subtype with activation of the NRF2 pathway. Most tumors displayed cellular histopathology, perivascular hypercellularity, and characteristics typically seen in FH-deficient leiomyomas. These results suggest a novel leiomyoma subtype that is characterized by distinct morphological features, genetic alterations disrupting neddylation of the Cullin 3-RING E3 ligase, and oncogenic NRF2 activation. They also present defective neddylation as a novel mechanism leading to aberrant NRF2 signaling. Molecular characterization of uterine leiomyomas provides novel opportunities for targeted treatment options.
Lengths of inpatient stay and sick leave of patients with mental diseases: disorder-specific effects of flexible and integrated treatment programs in Germany
Authors: Baum Fabian , Schmitt Jochen , Seifert Martin , Kliemt Roman , Kubat Denise , March Stefanie , Häckl Dennis , Pfennig Andrea , Swart Enno , Neumann Anne 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMental disorders pose a worldwide growing public health burden. One of the major challenges for healthcare systems remains to respond to the need of patients with mental disorders for continuous and flexible treatment. The EVA64 study evaluates novel programs of flexible and integrative treatment (FIT) in hospitals. This manuscript presents results from the evaluation of FIT hospitals in comparison to hospitals from regular routine care. In addition to data from adult patients, we also present data from affiliated child and adolescent psychiatric wards employing FIT programs. Using comprehensive claims data, primary outcomes are the utilization of inpatient care and sick leave for a priori defined clusters of mental disorders. We stratify between patients already under treatment (ongoing treatment) and patients with incident treatment cases (initial treatment) at the point of inclusion in the study. In the initial treatment group, we found a significant reduction in the length of inpatient stay of 4.1 days in FIT hospitals compared to routine care. While patients with mood affective disorders (−1.8 days) and patients with neurotic, stress-related, and somatoform disorders (−3.6 days) showed an even stronger effect of the reduction of inpatient lengths of stay, the effect was significantly weaker in patients with mental and behavioral disorders due to use of alcohol (+3.3 days). Regarding the duration of sick leave, we found no significant treatment effect of FIT programs compared to routine care. In the ongoing treatment group of adult patients, we found a significantly lower utilization of inpatient treatment by 1.3 days as well as a shorter duration of sick leave by 4.3 days in FIT hospitals compared to routine care. In the cohort of children and adolescent patients, we also did not observe a significant treatment effect in either the initial treatment group or the ongoing treatment group. Registration: this study was registered in the database “Health Services Research Germany” (trial number: VVfD_EVA64_15_003713).
Long Covid: where we stand and challenges ahead
Authors: Mantovani Alberto , Morrone Maria Concetta , Patrono Carlo , Santoro M. Gabriella , Schiaffino Stefano , Remuzzi Giuseppe , Bussolati Giovanni ,   On behalf of the Covid-19 Commission of the Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, Cappuccinelli Pietro , Fitzgerald Garrett , Bacci Massimo Livi , Melino Gennaro , Parisi Giorgio , Rappuoli Rino , Rezza Giovanni , Vineis Paolo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPost-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC), also known as Post-Covid Syndrome, and colloquially as Long Covid, has been defined as a constellation of signs and symptoms which persist for weeks or months after the initial SARS-CoV-2 infection. PASC affects a wide range of diverse organs and systems, with manifestations involving lungs, brain, the cardiovascular system and other organs such as kidney and the neuromuscular system. The pathogenesis of PASC is complex and multifactorial. Evidence suggests that seeding and persistence of SARS-CoV-2 in different organs, reactivation, and response to unrelated viruses such as EBV, autoimmunity, and uncontrolled inflammation are major drivers of PASC. The relative importance of pathogenetic pathways may differ in different tissue and organ contexts. Evidence suggests that vaccination, in addition to protecting against disease, reduces PASC after breakthrough infection although its actual impact remains to be defined. PASC represents a formidable challenge for health care systems and dissecting pathogenetic mechanisms may pave the way to targeted preventive and therapeutic approaches.