bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Limited-Scope Analysis of Misinformation, Deception, and Permissive Consent
Authors: Liberto Hallie 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Chapter 7 describes a variety of existing views about the effects of misinformation and deception on permissive consent. Most of these explanations appeal to the mismatch generated between one person’s actions—which are only permissible if undertaken with a right-holder’s consent—and the intended scope of the right-holder’s consent. It explains that much of the disagreement in this literature has to do with what intentions and beliefs play a role in shaping the scope of consent. The chapter investigates two broad categories of consent under misinformation: (i) the active deception of a prospective consent-giver in cases wherein the consent-recipient is morally responsible for that deception; (ii) misinformation or missing information suffered by a prospective consent-giver for which the consent-recipient is not morally responsible. The analysis is tied directly to the processes required to prevent a Divergence Strike and a Standing Strike, as they are described in Chapter 4.
Consent under Volitional Coercion
Authors: Liberto Hallie 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Chapter 8 investigates a variety of theories concerning the relationship between coercion and consent. Why does a mugger’s gun, pressed to the head of his victim, undermine the victim’s consent when he hands over his wallet? A popular type of explanation is one that can be called “moral debilitation,” by which the coercer’s act restricts the victim’s options in a way that renders him unable to exercise his moral authority—and so he cannot imbue an act like “handing over his wallet” with permissive consent. The threat disables him from wielding his moral power. The chapter argues that this approach faces a variety of problems. It develops a theory of the relationship between coercion and consent that starts with the question: how does compliance to coercion ever constitute consent? The chapter explains the process by which this feat is possible, and then picks out the threats that stymie the process.
Coercion and Nearby Moral Phenomena
Authors: Liberto Hallie 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Chapter 9 explores consent that is motivated by types of coercion not considered in Chapter 8—consent to minor threats, emotional threats—it also considers alternative forms of manipulation like seduction and exploitative offers. This final chapter is mostly an expansion of the theory developed explaining the relationship between coercion and consent in the previous chapter. It presents a defense of the view that consent is all or nothing—it cannot be partially rendered. This final chapter, raises theoretical suggestions for a variety of topics rather than arriving at a set of conclusions about each varied moral phenomenon. Instead of narrowing the scope of the book’s theory, as in previous chapters, it demonstrates how the theory of coercion and consent can be applied more broadly and raise interesting problems for other moral inquiries.
Comprehensive Liberalism
Authors: Tahzib Collis 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis chapter explains that there are two main variants of anti-perfectionist liberalism: ‘comprehensive liberalism’ and ‘political liberalism’. It characterizes the distinction between these two kinds of liberal theory by explaining that comprehensive liberals tend to be concerned with the normative implications of autonomy, whereas political liberals tend to be concerned with the normative implications of reasonable disagreement. The chapter goes on to outline some of the most prominent versions of comprehensive liberalism, namely Kantian liberalism, Millian liberalism and Ronald Dworkin’s ‘challenge model of ethics’, in a way that brings to the fore the anti-perfectionist implications of these conceptions of liberalism.
Perfectionist Principles of Justice
Authors: Tahzib Collis 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis chapter explores the principles of justice most appropriate for regulating a society conceived of as a fair striving for human flourishing between free and equal citizens. Using an original position device, the author argues that parties in a suitably revised original position—one that better models considerations that matter from the perfectionist point of view—would select a principle of justice that calls for the promotion of flourishing ways of life subject to the satisfaction of other lexically prior principles of justice. This argument is defended against two objections: that considerations of human flourishing are too controversial to shape the principles of social justice and that the argument from the perfectionist original position is in some way redundant or needlessly convoluted.
Go past the King
Authors: Arft Justin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Chapter 4 offers a reinterpretation of Alkinoos’ perception and social reception of Odysseus, both of which culminate in his famous request for the stranger’s name, which itself serves as a challenge to Arete’s question. The performance space of Odyssey 8, framed as a competitive festival, allows for generic experimentation and agonism between Odysseus and Alkinoos as they use song sequencing techniques to shift the direction and content of Odysseus’ tale either toward or away from the epic’s telos. In this setting, Alkinoos expresses a challenging, if not misguided assumption that Odysseus must face, that the Trojan War was designed to generate everlasting songs in which an audience should delight. Chapter 4 closes with a novel structural analysis of Alkinoos’ highly atypical request for the stranger’s name in which he manipulates kinship categories in his hopes of revealing the stranger’s Trojan War renown.
Bounded operators
Authors: Kantorovitz Shmuel , Viselter Ami 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter is devoted to the basics of bounded operator theory and its category. Two theorems about bounded operators between normed spaces—the uniform boundedness theorem and the open mapping theorem—are proved here. These two theorems comprise two of the three basic principles of linear functional analysis (the third is the Hahn–Banach lemma). One of their many consequences is the closed graph theorem. We also discuss quotients of normed spaces. It then introduces the strong and the weak operator topologies and study continuity of linear functionals with respect to them. Finally, the chapter offer exercises to challenge the reader.
Hilbert spaces
Authors: Kantorovitz Shmuel , Viselter Ami 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Chapter 8 continues the study of Hilbert spaces that was started with the discussion about the topic presented in Chapter 1. It begins by introducing and explaining the central notions that surround orthonormal sets and orthonormal bases, and continues with describing aspects of projections. It covers the Hilbert dimension, as well as the isomorphism of Hilbert spaces. It presents two basic ways to construct Hilbert spaces—direct sums and tensor products (here it covers tensors products as regards both vector spaces and Hilbert spaces), before which it covers the canonical model. Finally, the chapter offer exercises to challenge the reader.
C*-algebras
Authors: Kantorovitz Shmuel , Viselter Ami 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Continuing on from where the topic was introduced in Chapter 7, this chapter focuses exclusively on the topic of C*-algebras. One highlight of this chapter is the non-commutative Gelfand–Naimark theorem, which states that every C*-algebra has a faithful representation on some Hilbert space. The chapter discusses notation and examples, and further covers the continuous operational calculus. It investigates *-homomorphisms, positivity of elements, approximate identities, ideals, positive linear functionals, representations, and the Gelfand–Naimark–Segal construction, and its representation associated with a state. We also discuss pure states and two decomposition theorems. Finally, the chapter offer exercises to challenge the reader.
The Natural Rate of Interest
Authors: Beenstock Michael 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe natural rate of interest has attracted only minor empirical attention. The attention that it has attracted has been exclusively with Woodford’s equilibrium rate of interest rather than with Wicksell’s definition of the natural rate of interest as measured by the return on capital. Statistical offices in the US, the UK and Israel publish data for the return to capital. However, most don’t. National income accounting methods for measuring operating surpluses and capital are reviewed. Data from national statistical offices in several countries have been used to construct data on their returns to capital. These data show that ZIP, which was expected to boost investment and reduce the return to capital, failed to do so. Under the New Abnormal, a major disconnect between the natural and money rates of interest has emerged. There is an elephant in the room, which Neo-Wicksellians have ironically failed to notice.
Introduction
Authors: Shasore Neal 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The Introduction nuances our familiar conception of interwar architectural history as fundamentally split between ‘Modernism’ and ‘Traditionalism’ by exploring the German Expressionist Erich Mendelsohn’s first visit to Britain in 1930. It uses this occasion to look at common critical concerns for both ‘camps’ and proposes an alternative explanatory framework that captures prevalent anxieties, dynamic attempts at problem-solving, and new modes of criticism and practice, especially civic design and the emergence of the interwar ‘architect-planner’. The second part of the Introduction reframes the 1920s and 1930s in terms of post-war reconstruction. From 1917, the energies of the state, industry, and institutions were turning towards reconstruction—economic, social, and physical. The professions and their corporate bodies were also prompted to reflect. Architects anxiously seized the opportunity to engage with bold and radical ideas to strengthen, or even remake, their own profession and definitively resolve tensions which had dogged them for decades. They began to think more corporately and to champion a professional ideal which ultimately overrode the sometimes internecine rhetoric of architectural discourse—the ‘battle of the styles’—which has been overemphasized in existing accounts of the period. All architects had designs on democracy; they sought to shape and co-opt it, and to preserve the precarious privileges of professional status. This is the driving thesis of the book and the Introduction ends with an overview of its structure.
Propaganda
Authors: Shasore Neal 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The first chapter explores the idea of ‘propaganda’ in architecture and design reform, using the British Empire Exhibition (BEE) at Wembley as a case study. The BEE was arguably the most significant exposition of imperial trade and commerce in early twentieth-century Britain. The chapter centres on a detailed account of its Palace of Industry and the UK exhibits, under the directorship of architectural impresario, Lawrence Weaver. The Palace of Industry and BEE should be read as a manifestation of the enduring principles of nineteenth-century design reform, and an expression of the ideals of the Design and Industries Association. Weaver influenced a paradigmatic shift in architectural culture towards publicity and public relations. As advertising grew more respectable, architects, as the most professionally oriented of industrial designers and craftspeople, were best placed to ally themselves with industry. This shift in the presentation of professional services to a mass public had important consequences for architectural practice. This chapter and the next trace this changing attitude to publicity and public relations in architectural culture. Publicity and public relations became paradigmatic concepts through which architects increasingly understood their place in the wider political economy, and they opened up new prospects for practice and professionalism.
Manners
Authors: Shasore Neal 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The chapter considers the writing and campaigning of the Welsh architect-planner and critic Arthur Trystan Edwards in order to unpack the perceived need for public propriety, decorum, and manners, alongside a developing sense of a proprietary public. For Trystan Edwards manners was a foundational principle of civic design. ‘Manners’ became intrinsic to a neo-Georgian, and neo-Regency, approach to urban design which aspired to be contextualist, restrained, and nationalistic; it related not only to the quotidian but also to the ideal of public service. The first sections of the chapter look more closely at Trystan Edwards’s architectural thought and writing, placing his ideas about ‘manners’ and public propriety in the broader context of his principles of civic design. In his socio-political vision of civic life—in which design and architecture were central—manners had a bearing not only on criticism but also on practice, through campaigning and voluntary activity. The remainder of the chapter turns to Edwards’s campaigning vehicle, the Hundred New Towns Association (HNTA), established in 1933, which advocated a national programme of low-rise, high-density house-building and associated public amenity. It was a vision of a good-mannered and well-ordered society, in which urbanity was celebrated and fostered through a civic spirit. The HNTA provides an almost anti-history of mainstream planning and architectural approaches to the housing question in this period. The chapter explores Edwards’s surprising connections to movements in heterodox economics, liberal Anglicanism, and positive eugenics—discourses which were intrinsic to liberal intellectual culture, and posed fundamental questions about community need and benefit, as well as social control. For Edwards, they were a means of bolstering a well-mannered physical and social public realm.
The Eye of the Beholder
Authors: Koivisto Ida 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The chapter discusses the theme of the gaze, which is central to transparency as a metaphor. The chapter deliberates on Rousseau’s utopia of reciprocal transparency and shows that it cannot underpin the modern transparency ideal. Instead, transparency utilizes unilateral gazing. In the chapter, this unilateral gaze is broken down into four categories. ‘The observing gaze’ merely registers the existence of its object. ‘The revelatory gaze’ questions the apparent exterior of an object and exposes how things are behind it. ‘The transforming gaze’ can change its object, as the object is aware of the gaze, and acts according to the perceived expectations of the gazer. ‘The projecting gaze’ suggests that the gazer may project whatever image or idea onto the object, regardless of what that object ‘is’. It is argued that these modalities of the gaze complicate the way in which the object—here, governance—appears to its gazers.
Transparency and Social Life
Authors: Koivisto Ida 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The chapter discusses transparency as a value judgement. The idea is that although transparency is considered widely positive, it has also a negative connotation, referring to unwanted or unauthorized exposure (‘You are so transparent!’). The duality of connotations implies that transparency is esteemed only when it is intentional and deliberately performed. Unintended transparency, in turn, can lead to undesired outcomes, such as shame or the unwanted exposure of a chosen strategy. This performativity of transparency is theorized through the allegory of a theatre, and the imperative of impression management it entails. It is argued that the attempt to manage an impression in the name of transparency is peculiar to interpersonal relations, and also shapes the transparency practices of different institutions. Hence, when referring to social relations, transparency as the ‘cultural signifier of neutrality’ translates into something else: a value judgement pertaining to the credibility of a social performance.
Christology and Metaphysics in the Seventeenth Century
Authors: Cross Richard 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This book explores the largely uncharted territory of seventeenth-century Christology, paying close attention to its metaphysical and semantic presuppositions and consequences. The book achieves this by a distinction between two fundamental approaches to Christology. One, associated with Aquinas, maintains that the union between the divine person and human nature is immediate. Once joined, the two items cling together simply in virtue of their intrinsic structures, so to speak. The other, associated with Duns Scotus, maintains that the union of these two items requires some additional relational tie, over and above the divine person and the human nature. The book shows that theologians of all stripes develop and expand these two theories during the seventeenth century. Italian and French Dominicans follow Aquinas closely, read through the lens of Cardinal Cajetan. But Iberian Dominicans incorporate Suárez’s theory of modes into their account, and Suárez, whose account is in other respects more or less Scotist, is in turn followed by his fellow Jesuits. Lutherans use a theory that ultimately derives from Cajetan’s to fill explanatory gaps in their own accounts; and Reformed theologians by and large adapt the position associated with Duns Scotus.
Modes, Distinctions, and Theories of Predication
Authors: Cross Richard 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter provides some miscellaneous background necessary for understanding developments in the seventeenth century. It shows how Pedro da Fonseca introduced the notion of modes as a way of trying to understand Cajetan’s claim that subsistence is some kind of entity distinct from the nature whose subsistence it explains. Since the nature is non-mutually separable from the subsistence-entity, we might naturally think of this entity as some kind of mode. A parallel development in the Reformed theologians shows how divine subsistence might likewise be understood as a mode, and the views of Zacharias Ursinus and Girolami Zanchi are contrasted with each other. The chapter then introduces in a very rough way different varieties of distinction relevant for understanding the Christological discussions. A further section examines different standard medieval theories of predication: identical predication and formal predication, and shows that Lutheran Christology, which fundamentally understands Christ as a union of divine person and a human being (a homo assumptus Christology) requires a quite different account of predication to deal with the Christological case, since the divine person and the assumed human being are distinct subjects somehow united as one thing. The Lutherans label this kind of predication ‘inusitata’. A final section shows how Martin Chemnitz introduces the anhypostasia–enhypostasia binary, found in John of Damascus, into later Christology.
Communion Theories in Protestant Theology (2)
Authors: Cross Richard 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter shows how those Lutheran theologians who accepted Brenz’s homo assumptus Christology incorporated the notion of the communication of subsistence into their Christological thinking, as a way of explaining the union of natures. Matthias Hafenreffer and Balthasar Meisner both develop accounts of predication to allow for the truth of personal predications without requiring identity of supposition, while allowing the suppositions of ‘God’ and ‘man’ to be distinct but united substances. Meisner follows the Thomists in allowing that both the divine subsistence and divine existence are communicated to the human nature. Later Lutherans—Johann Gerhard, the Tübingen theologian Theodor Thumm, Abraham Calov, and Andreas Quenstedt—more or less follow Meisner’s semantics. They hold too that the divine subsistence is communicated to the human nature, but that this nature has its own existence. In addition, while Meisner and Gerhard hold that there is no created relation, consequent on the union, between the human nature and the divine person, Calov and Quenstedt both affirm such a relation.
The Genus Maiestaticum (2)
Authors: Cross Richard 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter begins with a brief account of the objections to the genus maiestaticum offered by two Catholic (Francisco Suárez and Gregorio de Valencia). It then goes on to consider some more irenic approaches: first of all, those of two Anglican theologians (Richard Hooker and Joseph Hall), both of whom try to find moderate formulations that might be acceptable to both sides in the debate; and, secondly, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz. Leibniz twice engages in Christological discussion of a broadly ecumenical kind. In the first, in the early 1680s, he rejects the genus maiestaticum, and formulates a loosely Thomistic Christology on the basis of Robert Bellarmine’s De controversiis. In the second, an attempt at reconciliation between Lutheran Hanover and Reformed Brandenberg, Leibniz tries to show, on the basis of a formulation in the Colloquy of Kassel (1661), that Martin Chemnitz should not be understood as affirming that divine attributes can be predicated of the human nature, but merely that the human nature is united to them such that it can be said to have them, or to be them merely by an extrinsic denomination.
Concluding Remarks
Authors: Cross Richard 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter provides a brief summary and appraisal of the various theories described in the book. It begins by noting that the homo assumptus view is only with difficulty made consistent with conciliar teaching, and that speculations about a genus maiestaticum and genus tapeinoticum owe their origins to such a Christology. The bulk of the chapter briefly tests the other theories for coherence and plausibility (union theories, divided into the types encountered in the book—categorial relations, modes of union, transcendental relations, union by absolute accident, union by absolute mode; and communion theories, likewise divided into its types—voluntarist theories, minimalist theories, non-explanatory theories, explanatory theories). The chapter ends by arguing for the desirability of the communication of subsistence over the (Thomist) communication of esse (the former view adopted by Fonseca, and the Lutherans after Meisner: Gerhard, Calov, Quenstedt).
Party Support and Voting Behaviour
Authors: Clements Ben , Bullivant Stephen 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Chapter 5 provides an in-depth analysis of the party support and voting behaviour of Catholics, in Britain as a whole and separately for Scotland. This is important given the Catholic community’s historical importance as a key constituency of support for the Labour Party, one of the traditional party-denominational links of the 20th century. The chapter reviews the long-term patterns of party support at British post-war general elections amongst Catholics, based on analyses of opinion polling and long-running surveys. It then assesses the long-term patterns of party support at general elections and—for more recent decades—elections for the Scottish Parliament. The chapter then uses the new ‘Catholic in Britain’ survey to analyse Catholics’ voting preferences at the 2017 general election, focusing on the demographic, religious, and attitudinal sources of variation in support for political parties.