bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of breast cancer microstructure and microvasculature from time-dependent DWI and CEST in correlation with histological biomarkers
Authors: Someya Yuko , Iima Mami , Imai Hirohiko , Yoshizawa Akihiko , Kataoka Masako , Isoda Hiroyoshi , Le Bihan Denis , Nakamoto Yuji 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe investigated the associations of time-dependent DWI, non-Gaussian DWI, and CEST parameters with histological biomarkers in a breast cancer xenograft model. 22 xenograft mice (7 MCF-7 and 15 MDA-MB-231) were scanned at 4 diffusion times [Td = 2.5/5 ms with 11 b-values (0–600 s/mm2) and Td = 9/27.6 ms with 17 b-values (0–3000 s/mm2), respectively]. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) was estimated using 2 b-values in different combinations (ADC0–600 using b = 0 and 600 s/mm2 and shifted ADC [sADC200–1500] using b = 200 and 1500 s/mm2) at each of those diffusion times. Then the change (Δ) in ADC/sADC between diffusion times was evaluated. Non-Gaussian diffusion and intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) parameters (ADC0, the virtual ADC at b = 0; K, Kurtosis from non-Gaussian diffusion; f, the IVIM perfusion fraction) were estimated. CEST images were acquired and the amide proton transfer signal intensity (APT SI) were measured. The ΔsADC9–27.6 (between $${\text{sADC}}_{{9\,{\text{ms}}}}^{200{-}1500}$$

sADC

9

ms

200
-
1500

and $${\text{sADC}}_{{27.6\,{\text{ms}}}}^{200{-}1500}$$

sADC

27.6

ms

200
-
1500

and ΔADC2.5_sADC27.6 (between $${\text{ADC}}_{{2.5\, {\text{ms}}}}^{0{-}600}$$

ADC

2.5

ms

0
-
600

and $${\text{sADC}}_{{27.6\,{\text{ms}}}}^{200{-}1500}$$

sADC

27.6

ms

200
-
1500

) was significantly larger for MCF-7 groups, and ΔADC2.5_sADC27.6 was positively correlated with Ki67max and APT SI. ADC0 decreased significantly in MDA-MB-231 group and K increased significantly with Td in MCF-7 group. APT SI and cellular area had a moderately strong positive correlation in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 tumors combined, and there was a positive correlation in MDA-MB-231 tumors. There was a significant negative correlation between APT SI and the Ki-67-positive ratio in MDA-MB-231 tumors and when combined with MCF-7 tumors. The associations of ΔADC2.5_sADC27.6 and API SI with Ki-67 parameters indicate that the Td-dependent DW and CEST parameters are useful to predict the histological markers of breast cancers.
Peer presence increases the prosocial behavior of adolescents by speeding the evaluation of outcomes for others
Authors: Sullivan Nicolette J. , Li Rosa , Huettel Scott A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPeer presence can elicit maladaptive adolescent decision-making, potentially by increasing sensitivity to the rewards one receives. It remains unknown whether peer presence also increases adolescents’ sensitivity to others’ outcomes, which could have an adaptive effect in contexts allowing pro-social behaviors. Here, we combine social utility modeling and real-time decision process modeling to characterize how peer presence alters adolescents’ processing of self and other outcomes. We found that adolescents behaved selfishly when privately allocating monetary rewards for themselves and a peer in an incentive-compatible task. In peer presence, however, adolescents became more altruistic. Real-time decision process estimates collected using computer mouse tracking showed that altruistic behavior was associated with relatively earlier influence of peer-outcomes relative to self-outcomes, and that peer presence sped the influence of peer-outcomes without altering the time at which self-outcomes began to influence the decision process. Our results indicate a mechanism through which peer presence prompts greater prosocial behavior by altering how adolescents process prosocial outcomes.
miR-1227-3p participates in the development of fetal growth restriction via regulating trophoblast cell proliferation and apoptosis
Authors: Cui Jiawen , Kang Xinyi , Shan Yanxing , Zhang Mingjin , Gao Ying , Wu Wei , Chen Liping 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFetal growth restriction (FGR) is a common obstetric disease, which is harmful to the pregnant women and fetuses. It has many influencing factors, but the specific etiology is not clear. MiRNA plays an important role in the fetal growth and development. In this article, we use TaqMan Low-Density Array to screen and analyze the differently expressed miRNAs in FGR-affected placenta (n = 40) and the normal placenta (n = 40). A total of 139 abnormally expressed miRNAs in the FGR-affected placenta were identified, and miR-1227-3p was the most highly downregulated miRNA. Importantly, miR-1227-3p may promote the proliferation in HTR-8/SVneo cells, while inhibited the apoptosis of HTR-8/SVneo cells. DAVID was used to analyze the pathway enrichment of target genes of miR-1227-3p to predict its mechanism of action. Furthermore, the putative targets of miR-1227-3p were predicted using the TargetScan, PicTar, DIANA LAB, and miRWalk database. The potential expression of target genes of miR-1227-3p, including PRKAB2, AKT1, PIK3R3, and MKNK1 were significantly increased in FGR-affected placenta. Taken together, miR-1227-3p may participate in the development of FGR via regulating trophoblast cell proliferation and apoptosis by targeting genes involved in the insulin pathway. MiR-1227-3p may have a potential clinical value in the prevention and treatment of FGR, we need to study further to prove its value in the future.
Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation driven by primary motor cortex γ2 activity in parkinsonian monkeys
Authors: Darbin Olivier , Hatanaka Nobuhiko , Takara Sayuki , Kaneko Nobuya , Chiken Satomi , Naritoku Dean , Martino Anthony , Nambu Atsushi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn parkinsonism, subthalamic nucleus (STN) electrical deep brain stimulation (DBS) improves symptoms, but may be associated with side effects. Adaptive DBS (aDBS), which enables modulation of stimulation, may limit side effects, but limited information is available about clinical effectiveness and efficaciousness. We developed a brain-machine interface for aDBS, which enables modulation of stimulation parameters of STN-DBS in response to γ2 band activity (80-200 Hz) of local field potentials (LFPs) recorded from the primary motor cortex (M1), and tested its effectiveness in parkinsonian monkeys. We trained two monkeys to perform an upper limb reaching task and rendered them parkinsonian with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine. Bipolar intracortical recording electrodes were implanted in the M1, and a recording chamber was attached to access the STN. In aDBS, the M1 LFPs were recorded, filtered into the γ2 band, and discretized into logic pulses by a window discriminator, and the pulses were used to modulate the interval and amplitude of DBS pulses. In constant DBS (cDBS), constant stimulus intervals and amplitudes were used. Reaction and movement times during the task were measured and compared between aDBS and cDBS. The M1-γ2 activities were increased before and during movements in parkinsonian monkeys and these activities modulated the aDBS pulse interval, amplitude, and dispersion. With aDBS and cDBS, reaction and movement times were significantly decreased in comparison to DBS-OFF. The electric charge delivered was lower with aDBS than cDBS. M1-γ2 aDBS in parkinsonian monkeys resulted in clinical benefits that did not exceed those from cDBS. However, M1-γ2 aDBS achieved this magnitude of benefit for only two thirds of the charge delivered by cDBS. In conclusion, M1-γ2 aDBS is an effective therapeutic approach which requires a lower electrical charge delivery than cDBS for comparable clinical benefits.
Human forager response to abrupt climate change at 8.2 ka on the Atlantic coast of Europe
Authors: García-Escárzaga Asier , Gutiérrez-Zugasti Igor , Marín-Arroyo Ana B. , Fernandes Ricardo , Núñez de la Fuente Sara , Cuenca-Solana David , Iriarte Eneko , Simões Carlos , Martín-Chivelet Javier , González-Morales Manuel R. , Roberts Patrick 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe cooling and drying associated with the so-called ‘8.2 ka event’ have long been hypothesized as having sweeping implications for human societies in the Early Holocene, including some of the last Mesolithic hunter-gatherers in Atlantic Europe. Nevertheless, detailed ‘on-site’ records with which the impacts of broader climate changes on human-relevant environments can be explored have been lacking. Here, we reconstruct sea surface temperatures (SST) from δ18O values measured on subfossil topshells Phorcus lineatus exploited by the Mesolithic human groups that lived at El Mazo cave (N Spain) between 9 and 7.4 ka. Bayesian modelling of 65 radiocarbon dates, in combination with this δ18O data, provide a high-resolution seasonal record of SST, revealing that colder SST during the 8.2 ka event led to changes in the availability of different shellfish species. Intensification in the exploitation of molluscs by humans indicates demographic growth in these Atlantic coastal settings which acted as refugia during this cold event.
Optogenetic activation of the diaphragm
Authors: Benevides Ethan S. , Sunshine Michael D. , Rana Sabhya , Fuller David D. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractImpaired diaphragm activation is common in many neuromuscular diseases. We hypothesized that expressing photoreceptors in diaphragm myofibers would enable light stimulation to evoke functional diaphragm activity, similar to endogenous bursts. In a mouse model, adeno-associated virus (AAV) encoding channelrhodopsin-2 (AAV9-CAG-ChR2-mVenus, 6.12 × 1011 vg dose) was delivered to the diaphragm using a minimally invasive method of microinjection to the intrapleural space. At 8–18 weeks following AAV injection, mice were anesthetized and studied during spontaneous breathing. We first showed that diaphragm electromyographic (EMG) potentials could be evoked with brief presentations of light, using a 473 nm high intensity LED. Evoked potential amplitude increased with intensity or duration of the light pulse. We next showed that in a paralyzed diaphragm, trains of light pulses evoked diaphragm EMG activity which resembled endogenous bursting, and this was sufficient to generate respiratory airflow. Light-evoked diaphragm EMG bursts showed no diminution after up to one hour of stimulation. Histological evaluation confirmed transgene expression in diaphragm myofibers. We conclude that intrapleural delivery of AAV9 can drive expression of ChR2 in the diaphragm and subsequent photostimulation can evoke graded compound diaphragm EMG activity similar to endogenous inspiratory bursting.
Exhaled nitric oxide in early rheumatoid arthritis and effects of methotrexate treatment
Authors: Weitoft Tomas , Lind Anders , Larsson Anders , Rönnelid Johan , Högman Marieann 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPatients with established rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and disease modifying treatments have lower nitric oxide (NO) levels in the alveolar compartment (CANO) and in the airway wall (CawNO), but also higher diffusion capacities for NO in the airways (DawNO) compared to matched controls. The aim of the present study was to investigate the NO lung dynamics in patients with recent onset RA before and after immune suppression with methotrexate therapy. Patients with early RA and antibodies against anticitrullinated peptides (ACPA) were recruited. Measurement of exhaled NO and inflammatory markers in serum were performed. Clinical disease activity was evaluated with Disease Activity Score for 28 joints. Healthy individuals were used as matched controls. Data are presented as median (lower quartile, upper quartile) values. RA patients (n = 44) had lower exhaled NO (FENO50) 16 (10–24) ppb compared to controls 21 (15, 29) ppb, p = 0.013. In NO-dynamics, CANO was lower in RA patients 1.6 (1.0, 2.2) ppb compared to the control subjects 2.3 (1.3, 3.1) ppb, p = 0.007. CawNO was also lower in the RA patients 55 (24, 106) ppb compared to control subjects 124 (110, 170) ppb, p < 0.001, but DawNO was higher 17 (8, 30) mL/s and 9 (5, 11) mL/s respectively, p < 0.001. Methotrexate treatment for three months reduced disease activity, but did not change the NO dynamics. In conclusion, the altered NO dynamics of the lung in ACPA-positive RA patients are already present in the early stages of the disease before any treatments and do not change after methotrexate therapy suggesting a role in the pathogenesis.
Error rate reduction of single-qubit gates via noise-aware decomposition into native gates
Authors: Maldonado Thomas J. , Flick Johannes , Krastanov Stefan , Galda Alexey 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn the current era of Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) technology, the practical use of quantum computers remains inhibited by our inability to aptly decouple qubits from their environment to mitigate computational errors. In this paper, we introduce an approach by which knowledge of a qubit’s initial quantum state and the standard parameters describing its decoherence can be leveraged to mitigate the noise present during the execution of a single-qubit gate. We benchmark our protocol using cloud-based access to IBM quantum processors. On , we demonstrate a reduction of the single-qubit error rate by 38%, from $$1.6 \times 10 ^{-3}$$

1.6
×

10

-
3

to $$1.0 \times 10 ^{-3}$$

1.0
×

10

-
3

, provided the initial state of the input qubit is known. On , we prove that our protocol will never decrease gate fidelity, provided the system’s $$T_1$$

T
1

and $$T_2$$

T
2

times have not drifted above 100 times their assumed values. The protocol can be used to reduce quantum state preparation errors, as well as to improve the fidelity of quantum circuits for which some knowledge of the qubits’ intermediate states can be inferred. This paper presents a pathway to using information about noise levels and quantum state distributions to significantly reduce error rates associated with quantum gates via optimized decomposition into native hardware gates.
Role of the anterior insular cortex in restraint-stress induced fear behaviors
Authors: Park Sanggeon , Cho Jeiwon , Huh Yeowool 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAnxiety disorders, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), are thought to occur by dysfunction in the fear and anxiety-related brain circuit, however, the exact mechanisms remain unknown. Recent human studies have shown that the right anterior insular cortex (aIC) activity is positively correlated with the severity of PTSD symptoms. Understanding the role of the aIC in fear and anxiety may provide insights into the etiology of anxiety disorders. We used a modified shock-probe defensive burying behavioral test, which utilizes the natural propensity of rodents to bury potentially dangerous objects, to test the role of aIC in fear. Mice exposed to restraint stress exhibited burying of the restrainer-resembling object, indicative of defensive behavior. Electrolytic ablation of the aIC significantly diminished this defensive burying behavior, suggesting the involvement of the aIC. Single-unit recording of pyramidal neurons in the aIC showed that a proportion of neurons which increased activity in the presence of a restrainer-resembling object was significantly correlated with the defensive burying behavior. This correlation was only present in mice exposed to restraint stress. These results suggest that altered neuronal representation in the aIC may regulate fear and anxiety after exposure to a traumatic event. Overall, our result demonstrates that the aIC mediates fear and anxiety and that it could be a potential target for treating anxiety disorders.
Storage and release of rare earth elements in microsphere-based scaffolds for enhancing osteogenesis
Authors: Xu Weikang , Wei Kun , Lin Zefeng , Wu Tingting , Li Guixiang , Wang Liyan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn osteoporosis and diabetes, it is essential to accelerate the bone repair and regeneration process. Trace rare earth elements such as lanthanum (La) ions (La3+) with appropriate concentrations are bioactive and can effectively regulate bone tissue performances. However, few well-established bone tissue engineering scaffolds can precisely and stably release La3+to promote bone regeneration significantly. Based on the advantages of biodegradable microspheres and microsphere-based scaffolds for controlled drug release, we developed poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA)-based microsphere-based scaffolds as both three-dimensional (3D) porous scaffolds and La3+storage and release systems for osteogenesis. So far, there is no study about microsphere-based scaffolds to release trace La3+to induce osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs). PLGA microspheres co-embedded with La-doped mesoporous silica (LMS) with different amounts of doped La were sintered to prepare the LMS/PLGA (LMSP) microsphere-based scaffold. The La3+release behavior of LMSP can be controlled by adjusting the doping amount of La in mesoporous silica (MS). All these scaffolds possessed a 3D network architecture. With the increase of La doping, LMSP can better compensate for the pH decrease caused by PLGA degradation. The combination of MS and PLGA can avoid the cytotoxicity of MS alone. All prepared LMSP scaffolds were non-cytotoxic. After BMSCs were implanted on scaffolds, LMSP could promote cells adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation. Among these microsphere-based scaffolds, LMSP-3 with stable and higher dose La3+release behavior showed the strongest ability to enhance the osteogenesis of BMSCs. The results showed that microsphere-based scaffolds with the ability to store and stably control the release of La3+could effectively improve osteogenic performance, which provides a new idea for the construction of bone tissue engineering scaffolds.
The Arabidopsis effector-triggered immunity landscape is conserved in oilseed crops
Authors: Breit-McNally Clare , Desveaux Darrell , Guttman David S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe bacterial phytopathogen Pseudomonas syringae causes disease on a wide array of plants, including the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana and its agronomically important relatives in the Brassicaceae family. To cause disease, P. syringae delivers effector proteins into plant cells through a type III secretion system. In response, plant nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat proteins recognize specific effectors and mount effector-triggered immunity (ETI). While ETI is pervasive across A. thaliana, with at least 19 families of P. syringae effectors recognized in this model species, the ETI landscapes of crop species have yet to be systematically studied. Here, we investigated the conservation of the A. thaliana ETI landscape in two closely related oilseed crops, Brassica napus (canola) and Camelina sativa (false flax). We show that the level of immune conservation is inversely related to the degree of evolutionary divergence from A. thaliana, with the more closely related C. sativa losing ETI responses to only one of the 19 P. syringae effectors tested, while the more distantly related B. napus loses ETI responses to four effectors. In contrast to the qualitative conservation of immune response, the quantitative rank order is not as well-maintained across the three species and diverges increasingly with evolutionary distance from A. thaliana. Overall, our results indicate that the A. thaliana ETI profile is qualitatively conserved in oilseed crops, but quantitatively distinct.
Indoor green wall affects health-associated commensal skin microbiota and enhances immune regulation: a randomized trial among urban office workers
Authors: Soininen L. , Roslund M. I. , Nurminen N. , Puhakka R. , Laitinen O. H. , Hyöty H. , Sinkkonen A. ,   ADELE research group, Cerrone Damiano , Grönroos Mira , Hui Nan , Luukkonen Anna , Mäkelä Iida , Nurminen Noora , Oikarinen Sami , Parajuli Anirudra , Puhakka Riikka , Roslund Marja I. , Saarenpää Mika , Soininen Laura , Sun Yan , Vari Heli K. , Laitinen Olli H. , Rajaniemi Juho , Hyoty Heikki , Sinkkonen Aki 
Published: April 2022

AbstractUrbanization reduces microbiological abundance and diversity, which has been associated with immune mediated diseases. Urban greening may be used as a prophylactic method to restore microbiological diversity in cities and among urbanites. This study evaluated the impact of air-circulating green walls on bacterial abundance and diversity on human skin, and on immune responses determined by blood cytokine measurements. Human subjects working in offices in two Finnish cities (Lahti and Tampere) participated in a two-week intervention, where green walls were installed in the rooms of the experimental group. Control group worked without green walls. Skin and blood samples were collected before (Day0), during (Day14) and two weeks after (Day28) the intervention. The relative abundance of genus Lactobacillus and the Shannon diversity of phylum Proteobacteria and class Gammaproteobacteria increased in the experimental group. Proteobacterial diversity was connected to the lower proinflammatory cytokine IL-17A level among participants in Lahti. In addition, the change in TGF-β1 levels was opposite between the experimental and control group. As skin Lactobacillus and the diversity of Proteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria are considered advantageous for skin health, air-circulating green walls may induce beneficial changes in a human microbiome. The immunomodulatory potential of air-circulating green walls deserves further research attention.
Evaluation of a seven gene mutational profile as a prognostic factor in a population-based study of clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: van de Pol Jeroen A. A. , Ferronika Paranita , Westers Helga , van Engeland Manon , Terpstra Martijn M. , Smits Kim M. , de Lange Kim , van den Brandt Piet A. , Sijmons Rolf H. , Schouten Leo J. , Kok Klaas 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this study, we investigate the influence of the seven genes (VHL, PBRM1, SETD2, BAP1, KDM5C, MTORandTP53) most frequently mutated in clear cell renal cell cancer (ccRCC) on cancer-specific survival (CSS) in the prospective Netherlands Cohort Study on diet and cancer. DNA isolated from routinely archived formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumour blocks from 252 incident ccRCC cases was available for targeted next generation sequencing. Based on the sequencing quality and the completeness of information on clinical characteristics and follow-up, we could use 110 cases for survival analysis. The association with CSS for each mutated gene in these cases was tested using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models to estimate hazards ratios (HR) and confidence intervals (CIs), and we observed mutations in one or more of the seven genes in 64 out of 110 cases (58%). In the multivariable-adjusted analyses, mutations inVHLandPBRM1were associated with better CSS (HRs (95% CI) 0.34 (0.13‒0.89) and 0.17 (0.04–0.66), respectively), although these results were not statistically significant after multiple testing correction. No association was observed for the other five genes, which may be attributable to limited power.
Multiplex structural variant detection by whole-genome mapping and nanopore sequencing
Authors: Uppuluri Lahari , Wang Yilin , Young Eleanor , Wong Jessica S. , Abid Heba Z. , Xiao Ming 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIdentification of structural variants (SVs) breakpoints is important in studying mutations, mutagenic causes, and functional impacts. Next-generation sequencing and whole-genome optical mapping are extensively used in SV discovery and characterization. However, multiple platforms and computational approaches are needed for comprehensive analysis, making it resource-intensive and expensive. Here, we propose a strategy combining optical mapping and cas9-assisted targeted nanopore sequencing to analyze SVs. Optical mapping can economically and quickly detect SVs across a whole genome but does not provide sequence-level information or precisely resolve breakpoints. Furthermore, since only a subset of all SVs is known to affect biology, we attempted to type a subset of all SVs using targeted nanopore sequencing. Using our approach, we resolved the breakpoints of five deletions, five insertions, and an inversion, in a single experiment.