bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The career paths of executive directors: Founders, fillers, planners and risers
Authors: Einolf Christopher J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper analyzes qualitative interview data with a sample of 41 executive directors of human services nonprofits to discover why people become executive directors, what career paths they follow, and how well these career paths prepare them for the job. All became executive directors because they wanted to help others. Less important motivations included influencing how programs operate, wanting to be successful, and wanting a higher salary. The paper proposes a new typology of career paths: founders who started their own nonprofit, fillers from the board or a volunteer position, planners who actively pursued an executive position for years, and risers who worked their way up through the ranks and found that executive director was the next step. Most considered themselves well prepared at the time they took on the position, and there was little difference among the four types of career paths in the level of perceived preparedness. The findings suggest that nonprofit organizations should pay more attention to training leaders who rise up through the ranks, and that management education programs can assist in this mid‐career training. Future research should expand the examination of career paths and preparedness to a large and nationally representative survey.
Experimental and numerical studies on the low‐velocity impact response of carbon fiber‐reinforced polymer anisogrid cylindrical shells
Authors: Paramasivam Suresh , Johnson Anish Jafrin Thilak 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis work presents the experimental and finite element (FE) simulations to investigate the behavior of both unstiffened and anisogrid composite cylindrical shells subjected to low‐velocity axial impact. Impact damage has been an epidemic problem for composite structures. Even subjected to a low‐velocity impact, thin‐walled composite structures may sacrifice its load‐carrying capacity considerably due to various modes of failure. A low cost, reliable and innovative manufacturing process is proposed for the production of anisogrid cylindrical lattice structures. Initially, test coupons are fabricated as per American Society for Testing of Materials (ASTM) standards and inspected using infrared (IR) thermography to find the imperfections incurred during fabrication. The test coupons without defects were only taken into account for material characterization. FE simulations were carried out on both the unstiffened and anisogrid shells using LS‐DYNA® for a series of low‐velocity impacts. Also these shell structures were subjected to impact loading experimentally for the validation of the numerical results. The results of these studies indicate that the anisogrid model presented in this work possesses a great load‐carrying capacity than an unstiffened shell under dynamic loading conditions, also the weight of the structure has been reduced up to 51.27%. Numerical simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental data, having less than 11.56% of maximum deviation on the energy absorption value.
The long‐term effects of invasive earthworms on plant community composition and diversity in a hardwood forest in northern Minnesota
Authors: Alexander Genevieve , Almendinger John , White Peter 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNonnative European earthworms are invading hardwood forests of the Chippewa National Forest, MN. While effects on plant communities at the leading edge of invasion have been studied, little is known about longer‐term effects of invasive earthworms. We applied a model using historic O‐horizon soil thickness and a chronosequence approach to classify 41 hardwood sites in the Chippewa National Forest as “long‐term wormed” (wormed >2 decades), “short‐term wormed” or “unwormed/lightly wormed.” Graminoids, especially Carex pensylvanica, had the greatest mean percent cover in sites that had been wormed for over two decades. The families with the greatest negative change in mean percent cover after over two decades of earthworm invasion were Asteraceae, Violaceae, and Sapindaceae (specifically Acer species). Across all diversity metrics measured, long‐term wormed sites had the lowest understory plant species diversity, short‐term wormed sites had intermediate diversity, and unwormed/lightly wormed sites exhibited the highest diversity. Long‐term wormed sites had the lowest mean species richness across all sample scales (1–1024 m2). The greatest within‐group compositional dissimilarity occurred at sites that had been wormed for over two decades, suggesting that sites that had been wormed for over two decades have not reached a compositionally similar end‐state “wormed” community type. Our study suggests that understory diversity will decrease as hardwood forest stands become wormed over time. While our results support other findings that exotic earthworm invasion is associated with lower understory plant diversity in hardwood forests, our study was the first to use space‐for‐time substitution to document the effects after multiple decades of earthworm invasion.
DNA sequencing analysis of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene identifies cystic fibrosis‐associated variants in the Severe Asthma Research Program
Authors: Izquierdo Manuel E. , Marion Chad R. , Moore Wendy C. , Raraigh Karen S. , Taylor‐Cousar Jennifer L. , Cutting Gary R. , Ampleford E. , Hawkins Gregory A. , Zein Joe , Castro M. , Denlinger Loren C. , Erzurum Serpil C. , Fahy John V. , Israel Elliot , Jarjour Nizar N. , Mauger David , Levy Bruce D. , Wenzel Sally E. , Woodruff Prescott , Bleecker Eugene R. , Meyers Deborah A. , Ortega Victor E. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundHeterozygote carriers of potentially pathogenic variants in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene have increased asthma risk. However, the frequency and impact of CFTR variation among individuals with asthma is unknown.ObjectiveTo determine whether potentially pathogenic CFTR variants associate with disease severity and whether individuals with two potentially pathogenic variants exist in a severe asthma‐enriched cohort.MethodsWe analyzed sequencing data spanning a 190.5Kb region of CFTR in participants from the Severe Asthma Research Program (SARP1‐3). Potentially pathogenic, rare CFTR variants (frequency < 0.05) were classified as CF‐causing or of varying clinical consequences (VVCC) (CFTR2. org). Regression‐based models tested for association between CFTR genotypes (0‐2 potentially pathogenic variants) and severity outcomes.ResultsOf 1401 participants, 9.5% (134) had one potentially pathogenic variant, occurring more frequently in non‐Hispanic white (NHW, 10.1% [84 of 831]) compared to African American individuals (AA, 5.2% [22 of 426]). We found ≥2 potentially pathogenic CFTR variants in 1.4% (19); 0.5% (4) of NHW and 2.8% (12) of AA. Potentially pathogenic CFTR variant genotypes (≥1 or ≥2 variants) were not cumulatively associated with lung function or exacerbations. In NHW, we found three F508del compound heterozygotes with F508del and a VVCC (two 5 T; TG12[c.1210‐11 T > G] and one Arg1070Trp) and a homozygote for the VVCC, 5 T; TG12.ConclusionsWe found potentially pathogenic CFTR variants within a severe asthma‐enriched cohort, including three compound heterozygote genotypes variably associated with CF in NHW individuals. These findings provide the rationale for CFTR sequencing and phenotyping of CF‐related traits in individuals with severe asthma.
The use of 100 m scale NWP models to understand differences between different measures of mixing height in a morning growing clear convective boundary layer over London
Authors: Lean Humphrey W , Barlow Janet F , Clark Peter A 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAn important practical problem is to understand the depth to which pollutants will be mixed in the boundary layer over cities. This is particularly important shortly after sunrise on clear days when the mixed layer is often shallow and there may be large emissions from rush‐hour traffic. The 100 m scale NWP models currently under development have the potential to represent the boundary‐layer structure over cities on neighbourhood scales for air quality and other applications. Here we describe work with Met Office Unified Model (MetUM) configurations with grid lengths of 100, 50 and 25 m to represent the morning growth of a clear convective boundary layer over London compared to observations. All three models explicitly represent the convective overturning although it is not as well resolved at 100 m and this is a particular problem early in the day. It is found that in both the observations and in the models that the depth to which aerosol is mixed up into the model from the surface is lower than the turbulence mixed‐layer depth as measured from the vertical velocity variance. We present an analysis in the 25 m model that shows that the reason for the discrepancy is that the aerosol is transported upwards from the surface by convective plumes whereas further up there is wave motion which does not transport aerosol. The signature for these two layers can be seen both in the 25 m model and in the observations. We discuss the representation of these effects in the coarser‐resolution 100 and 55 m models and also possible mechanisms for the generation of the waves.
On‐line estimation of power model parameters for skid‐steer robots with applications in mission energy use prediction
Authors: Pentzer Jesse , Brennan Sean , Reichard Karl 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper presents algorithms to predict the energy used by a skid‐steer robot to complete a given path, including the refinement of that prediction during operation. The vast majority of commercially available ground mobile robots utilize skid‐steer technology due to the robustness and maneuverability of the design. However, the complex track/terrain interactions developed during skid‐steer maneuvers make traction‐related power losses difficult to model. Accurate estimates of skid‐steer power and energy usage enable more intelligent mission planning decisions to be made. In this study, a skid‐steer power model that is linear in three unknown parameters was used and tested extensively on two skid‐steer vehicles, one tracked and the other wheeled. Repeated testing shows good repeatability of estimated parameters, and results indicate that the tracked vehicle exhibits a much larger sensitivity to the surface types tested than the wheeled vehicle. The skid‐steer power model is then combined with a kinematic model of skid‐steer movement and a trajectory control algorithm to predict the energy required to complete a given traversal path. This is useful for estimating energy demands for retro‐traversal, an application demonstrated in this study. The energy predictions are further refined through the mapping of power model parameters onto terrain types using overhead imagery of the area of operation. The maps are used to predict what terrain types will be encountered along the planned path to improve the estimate of the energy required.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Photophysical Properties of a New Indolizine Pyridine Complex with a Large Two‐Photon Absorption Cross‐Section
Authors: Liu E. , Jin Zesen , Jian Fangfang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe value of two‐photon absorption cross‐section represents the effectiveness of simultaneous absorption of two incident photons. We reported a novel organic TPA material which has not reported before. It is an acceptor‐π‐donor‐π‐acceptor (A‐π‐D‐π‐A) idolizing pyridine compound 1, namely 3‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)‐N‐(3‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)indolizin‐1‐yl)indolizin‐1‐aminium perchlorate, (C26H20N5)⋅ClO4. The material can be easily synthesized in a one‐pot method with cheap materials. The compound 1 was structurally characterized through single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography, Hirshfeld surface, and spectroscopic techniques. Its photophysical properties were investigated. Compound 1 gives blue fluorescence and the lifetime of the emission peak in ethanol solution is τ=0.607 ns. The nonlinear absorption of the compound 1 solutions (in C2H5OH) was measured by the open‐aperture Z‐scan technique at a 532 nm wavelength. The results of Z‐scan experiments show that compound 1 has remarkable nonlinear optical absorption effects. The TPA cross‐section is δ=22583 GM.
Production of Ethyl Levulinate from Biomass‐Derived Carbohydrates and Food/Kitchen Waste Catalyzed by Cucurbit[6]uril‐Sulfate
Authors: Zhang Luxin , Hu Menglu , Zhao Zhimeng , Tian Lu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe research on production of fuels and value‐added chemicals from sustainable feedstocks is of considerable significance. In this study, a solid acid, cucurbit[6]uril‐sulfate (Q[6]‐sulfate) was prepared as an efficient catalyst to produce ethyl levulinate (EL) from various feedstocks, including biomass‐derived carbohydrates (fructose, glucose, and sucrose), expired fructan‐probiotic granules and kitchen waste. Compared to homogeneous mineral/organic acids, the application of solid acid Q[6]‐sulfate reduced the acidic waste effluent and alleviated the corrosion of equipment. Q[6]‐sulfate exhibited higher catalytic efficiency than conventional sulfonic solid acids. After optimizing reaction conditions, EL yields of 97.3 %, 97.1 %, and 76.3 % were obtained from fructose, glucose, and sucrose, respectively. Furthermore, EL was successfully produced by the Q[6]‐sulfate‐catalyzed ethanolysis of expired fructan‐probiotic granules and kitchen waste, and maximum yields of 89.5 % and 43.7 % were obtained respectively. This work provides a sustainable route for the catalytic production of EL and the valorization of biomass‐derived carbohydrates and food/kitchen waste.
Naphthalimide‐Hydroxyquinoline Conjugates for Discriminative Detection of Nitro Aromatic Compounds in Aqueous Medium and Soil Sample
Authors: Singh Prabhpreet , Sharma Ananay , Kumar Sanjeev 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNaphthalimide‐hydroxyquinoline based conjugates (NQ1 and NQ2) were synthesized for the detection of nitroaromatics in HEPES buffer/DMSO (9/1, v/v, pH=7.4) and Fe3+/Pd2+ in CH3CN solvent. The NQ1 and NQ2 were characterized using NMR (1H, 13C, COSY) and IR spectroscopies. Theoretical studies revealed that 8‐HQ moiety in NQ1 and NQ2 placed at orthogonal position with respect to naphthalimide core to minimize steric crowding. The energy gap between HOMO and LUMO for NQ1 and NQ2 were found to be −3.1 eV. The emission spectrum of NQ1 and NQ2 showed decrease in the emission intensity at 450 nm upon addition of picric acid (PA) and trinitrotoluene (TNT) whereas addition of 2‐nitroaniline caused quenching with concomitant red‐shift of the emission band in 90 % HEPES buffer‐DMSO. The detection limit of NQ1 for PA, TNT and 2‐NA detection was calculated as 8.7×10−6 M, 2.2×10−5 M and 1.8×10−5 M. The complexation of NQ1 with PA, TNT and 2‐NA was further supported by Job's plot, dynamic light scattering studies and NMR titrations. We successfully utilized NQ1 and NQ2 for the detection of PA, TNT and 2‐NA in real soil samples with excellent recovery. NQ1 also showed quenching of the emission intensity at 450 nm upon addition of Fe3+ and Pd2+ ions in CH3CN. Thus, NQ1 showed solvent‐dependent dual chemosensor type behavior. The functioning of NOR gate has been achieved using Fe3+/NACs with NQ1.
Advanced Buffering Acidic Aqueous Electrolytes for Ultra‐Long Life Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhao Xuesong , Zhang Xuan , Dong Ning , Yan Mengdie , Zhang Fenglin , Mochizuki Kenji , Pan Huilin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMild aqueous Zn batteries have attracted increasing attention for energy storage due to the advantages of high safety and low cost; however, the rechargeability of Zn anodes is one major issue for practical applications. In this work, an effective approach is proposed to improve the reversibility and stability of Zn anodes using advanced acidic electrolytes. A trace amount of acetic acid (HAc) is employed as a buffering agent to provide a stable pH environment in aqueous Zn electrolytes, and thus suppress passivation from precipitation reactions on Zn electrodes. Meanwhile, tetramethylene sulfone (TMS) is introduced as the critical component to stabilize the Zn anodes in the acidic electrolyte. TMS greatly strengthens the hydrogen‐bonding network with reduced H2O activity and extends the electrochemical window of acidic electrolytes. With the optimal 3 m Zn(OTF)2 in (H2O‐HAc)/TMS acidic electrolyte (pH 1.6), the Zn electrode exhibits a coulombic efficiency of >99.8% and smooth Zn deposition. The Zn‐V2O5 full cell demonstrates ultra‐stable cycling over 20 000 cycles with a low decay rate of 0.0009% for each cycle at a negative/postive capacity ratio of 6.5. This work provides an insightful perspective to stabilize Zn electrodes by regulating the pH environment and limiting the H2O activity simultaneously for long‐life Zn anodes.
Wires with Continuous Sabal Leaf‐Patterned Micropores Constructed by Freeze Printing for a Wearable Sensor Responsible to Multiple Deformations
Authors: Xie Yu , Zou Junfeng , Li Gang , Liu Hongtao , Wang Ye , Lei Yifeng , Liu Kang , Xue Longjian , Liu Sheng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe design of porous structure in wearable sensors is very important for the detection of mechanical signals. However, it remains challenging to construct a porous structure capable of detecting all kinds of mechanical signals. Here, round wire with long‐range orientated micropores (RW‐LOM) is fabricated by a newly established freeze printing technique and constructed into a wearable sensor by the incorporation of carbon nanotubes and polydimethylsiloxane. The Sabal leaf‐like lamellar structure in RW‐LOM is realized and can be tuned by the proper coordination of slurry concentration and the printing parameters. The fine structures in RW‐LOM allow the wearable sensor to detect compression, stretching, twisting, and bending with a high sensitivity, stability, and broad detecting range. This work not only provides a wearable sensor with high stability and high sensitivity but also establishes a technique to construct porous wires that could find applications in the fields like intelligent industry and healthcare.
Situationsbezogener Einsatz von Technologien der erweiterten Realität bei Stahl‐Glas‐Konstruktionen – Ein Bericht aus dem Forschungsprojekt DigitalTWIN
Authors: Schmid Fabian , Eisert Peter , Feldmann Ingo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractProzesse beim Planen, Bauen und Betreiben sind von Abstimmungen, Bewertungen und Entscheidungen geprägt, bei denen Modelldaten, Visualisierungen und Simulationen wesentlich unterstützen. Im Forschungsprojekt DigitalTWIN steht deshalb der Einsatz von Diensten der erweiterten Realität (Extended Reality/XR) als ein wesentlicher Visualisierungsweg zukünftiger Arbeitsabläufe im Fokus. Eine durchgängige Datenverarbeitung, um Objekt‐, Prozess‐ und Werkzeugdaten koordiniert kombinieren zu können, ist eine wesentliche Voraussetzung. Der systematische Einsatz der Gebäudedatenmodellierung (Building Information Modeling/BIM) und die Anwendung agiler Projektmanagementmethoden sind hierfür die Basis. Um die Schnittstellen durch IT‐Werkzeuge schneller und aufgabenspezifisch zu lösen, wurden die entwickelten Dienste für kompatible, offene Plattformtechnologien entwickelt. Auch neue Funktechnologien für die latenzarme Vernetzung sowie die Frage des Breitbandausbaus auf der Baustelle wurden untersucht, da mit modernsten Visualisierungs‐ und Interaktionstechnologien die Anforderungen an die Breitbandinfrastruktur steigen. Der Aufsatz leitet zu den Möglichkeiten von XR‐Diensten im Bauwesen ein und zeigt dann die entwickelten Szenarien für Stahl‐Glas‐Konstruktionen. Abschließend wird die Kombinierbarkeit der Softwaremodule für spezifische Einsatzszenarien gezeigt und ein Ausblick gegeben, wie Technologien des Industrial Internet of Things und der erweiterten Realität verknüpft werden können.
Phenomic Selection: A New and Efficient Alternative to Genomic Selection
Authors: Robert Pauline , Brault Charlotte , Rincent Renaud , Segura Vincent 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRecently, it has been proposed to switch molecular markers to near-infrared (NIR) spectra for inferring relationships between individuals and further performing phenomic selection (PS), analogous to genomic selection (GS). The PS concept is similar to genomic-like omics-based (GLOB) selection, in which molecular markers are replaced by endophenotypes, such as metabolites or transcript levels, except that the phenomic information obtained for instance by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has usually a much lower cost than other omics. Though NIRS has been routinely used in breeding for several decades, especially to deal with end-product quality traits, its use to predict other traits of interest and further make selections is new. Since the seminal paper on PS, several publications have advocated the use of spectral acquisition (including NIRS and hyperspectral imaging) in plant breeding towards PS, potentially providing a scope of what is possible. In the present chapter, we first come back to the concept of PS as originally proposed and provide a classification of selected papers related to the use of phenomics in breeding. We further provide a review of the selected literature concerning the type of technology used, the preprocessing of the spectra, and the statistical modeling to make predictions. We discuss the factors that likely affect the efficiency of PS and compare it to GS in terms of predictive ability. Finally, we propose several prospects for future work and application of PS in the context of plant breeding.
The Use of Robots in Aquatic Biomonitoring with Special Focus on Biohybrid Entities
Authors: Rajewicz Wiktoria , Schmickl Thomas , Thenius Ronald 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAquatic monitoring is an essential part of battling the rising ecological crisis. Classical methods involving extensive sampling and sensor measurements are precise, however, time and money consuming. For these reasons, they are unsuitable for long-term continuous data collection. With the increasing water pollution, there is a need to monitor the environment in new, more efficient ways over a long period of time. Project Robocoenosis introduces a novel concept of autonomous, long-term aquatic monitoring with the use of biohybrids. By linking technological parts with living organisms, a more well-balanced information on the state of the environment can be obtained. This will be done by using organisms such as mussels and Daphnia as live biosensors and combining them with low-power robotics. The autonomous biohybrid entity will use Microbial Fuel Cells (MFC) as a natural power source through electricity harvesting. The fields of operation are focused on various Austrian lakes including the lakes Lake Hallstatt and Lake Millstatt in the Alpine Region as well as Lake Neusiedler.