bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The pension system in Peru: Parallels and intersections
Authors: Cruz Saco María Amparo , Gil Mirian 
Published: March 2022

In this article, we estimate the active and passive contributory pension coverage rates in Peru since the structural reform of social security in 1992. Further, we delineate a supply‐and‐demand model for the pension market. Using a diagram based on this model, we analyze the impact of re‐reforms that have increased the competitiveness of the pension system and in an effort to promote worker affiliation. Re‐reform has shifted the supply of pension services, but the demand for such services has remained constant at 28% of the labor force. Thus, coverage has not meaningfully increase. In the conclusion section of the article, we consider various policy interventions intended to increase demand, which might include instituting mandatory contributions for the self‐employed and/or increasing the proportion of registered employees. In addition, to mitigate income insecurity for older people, given the low active and passive coverage rates, we recommend that access to social pensions be increased.Key Practitioner Message: •Estimation of the active and the passive pension coverage trajectories since the social security structural reform. •Delineation of a conceptual framework to describe the pension market using supply and demand functions. •Alternative interventions to increase coverage, that is, strengthening the competitiveness of the pension market, shifting the demand and universal social pensions.
A green social work perspective on social work during the time of COVID‐19
Authors: Dominelli Lena 
Published: March 2022

COVID‐19 has challenged social workers to engage with health pandemics and provide essential services in conditions of uncertainty and high risk. They have safeguarded children, older adults and diverse adults in ‘at risk’ groups under tough conditions mediated by digital technologies, adhered to government injunctions, maintained social and physical distancing under lockdown and worked from home remotely. Social workers and social care workers have risen to the challenges, providing services with inadequate personal protective equipment and limited supervision and support. This article highlights the degraded physical environments, socio‐economic and political contexts that intensify precariousness and constraints that neoliberalism imposed on professional capacity before and during this health pandemic. It provides guidelines to protect practitioners and service users. It concludes that practitioners ought to understand zoonotic diseases, environmental concerns, acquire disaster expertise and training, widen their practice portfolio and value their contributions to this pandemic.Key Practitioner Message: • Develop technological skills and innovate to support stressed individuals, safeguard children, adolescents and elders and deal with poverty and unemployment; • Use digital technologies involving peers to explore tricky situations, examine ethical dilemmas through scenario building exercises, and tips for self‐care; • Contribute to environmental protections that prevent the spread of zoonotic diseases like COVID‐19; • Seek supervision and support for disaster‐based training from your line manager.
Indian older adults and the ‘familialist’ state policies
Authors: Agrawal Anuja 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article is based on an analytic review of two major policy responses to the increasing demographic salience of older adults in India. Set against the backdrop of anti‐natal family policies in India, the review focuses on two policy measures: the discontinuation of the earlier pension scheme alongside the commencement of the National Pension Scheme in 2004 and the enactment of The Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens Act, 2007. The analysis of these policies reveals the Indian state's increasing reliance on multiple forms of familialism and is indicative of the direction of family policy making in India. This review also indicates a need for specifying and critically engaging with such forms of familialism within the broader rubric of emerging family policies in the Asian context.
Changing society, changing lives: Three decades of family change in China
Authors: Shen Ke , Cai Yong , Wang Feng , Hu Zhan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractChina has witnessed drastic family changes amidst demographic and socioeconomic transitions unprecedented in its history. Using data from three censuses and a national survey, this paper provided a descriptive documentation about the changing patterns in household size and structures from a synthetic life course perspective. By 2010, people below the age of 5 and in their late 20 s and early 60 s were more likely to live in three‐generation households than in nuclear households compared with their counterparts in 1982, likely due to needs of childcare. The rise in single‐generation households was most noticeable among those in the late 50 s and early 60 s, largely a result of young adults leaving for college or migrating away from home and a heightened aspiration for privacy of both generations. Based on these descriptive findings, future policy directions are discussed including policies to strengthen intergenerational solidarity, to support family caregivers, and to improve community‐based services.
Turbulent migrations in turbulent times. The case of the orbiters in Rome
Authors: Filippi Davide 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSince 2015, when the so‐called migrant crisis exploded in Italy, Rome has become a transit crossroads for a huge number of people who arrived in Europe through the Mediterranean route (Lendaro et al. 2019). This phenomenon determined the development of a heterogeneous network of solidarity supporting migrants in transit (Giliberti & Potot 2021). Over the years, following the transformations of Italian and European policies for the management of migration processes, the solidarity networks have begun to meet other subjects in addition to migrants in transit: ‘orbiters’ around the city, awaiting access to international protection or recently expelled from the Italian reception system, forced to live in a state of stasis that allows them to be defined as ‘lifelong in‐betweener’ subjects and representing the concept of ‘turbulence migration’ (Papastergiadis 2000). This article focuses on the transformation of the solidarity practices and on the new mobility strategies acted by migrants, both linked with the social/juridical features of those we defined ‘orbiters’. From a methodological point of view, this paper is based on different moments of ethnographic observation in some key sites for solidarity to migrants in Rome.
Implications of frames of reference for strategic human resource management research: Opportunities and challenges
Authors: Jiang Kaifeng , Shi Wei , Wen Xin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBudd, Pohler, and Huang's (Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society 2022) proposed a theory of (mis)matched frames of reference to explain how managers’ and employees’ frames of reference regarding employment relationships may influence the use of human resource (HR) practices and help to explain the HR outcomes and conflicts observed in practice. We concur with Budd et al. that frames of reference provide a valuable and unique approach to studying employment relations and HR systems but have not received much attention. Therefore, we aim to extend their theory of (mis)matched frames of reference to strategic human resource management (HRM) research. We begin this commentary with a summary of their theoretical framework. We then introduce the background of strategic HRM and propose opportunities of applying frames of reference to advance strategic HRM research. Moreover, we discuss challenges of and considerations for using their framework in strategic HRM research.
Responsible innovation with digital platforms: Cases in India and Canada
Authors: Ahuja Suchit , Chan Yolande E. , Krishnamurthy Rashmi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMarginalized communities globally encounter grand challenges such as lack of access to education, healthcare, and sustained livelihoods. Several initiatives to address these complex, global problems have resulted in fragmented solutions. Recognizing this, there have been several calls for the study of responsible innovation (RI) to address grand challenges. Digital platforms such as AirBnB, Uber and so forth have now become commonplace and are known to generate economic value but also face criticism for being exploitative and exclusive. Only a handful of studies show how similar platforms can innovate responsibly to serve marginalized communities by generating simultaneous economic and social value. To address this gap, our study examines the cases of two platforms that orchestrated ecosystems consisting of individuals from marginalized communities, government agencies, and other entities to provide physical, digital and societal solutions based on principles of RI. We contribute to the RI and IS literatures to show how RI solutions can be fostered through digital platforms to address grand challenges. The article provides empirical evidence of all four dimensions of the RI framework—anticipation, reflexivity, inclusion, and responsiveness ‐ and their operationalization through digital platforms. This research lays the foundation for future studies at the intersection of RI and digital platforms literature. The study also provides practice insights on developing digital platform solutions for marginalized communities to address grand challenges and is useful to policymakers to formulate appropriate interventions. It pushes the theoretical and practice boundaries of our understanding of RI and digital platforms.
Endoscopic follow‐up of mucosal defect after hot versus cold snare polypectomy in animal model
Authors: Mi Biantao , Wang Huimin , Liu Chunliang , Wang Qi , Fu Xiaohong , Wang Zikai , Liu Fang , Li Wen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground and AimCold snare polypectomy (CSP) has received increasing attention in recent years, but few studies have assessed defect repair after polypectomy. Therefore, we compared the repair of mucosal defect after CSP and hot snare polypectomy (HSP) in a rabbit model.MethodsResection of normal colonic mucosa using both HSP and CSP were performed in 40 male New Zealand white rabbits by an experienced endoscopist. Follow‐up colonoscopy was performed after 7 and 15 days by another endoscopist. We assessed mucosal defect repair, status of healing, scar formation, and intraoperative or delayed complications (including perforation and bleeding).ResultsEight animals died of intraoperative or delayed perforation; follow‐up colonoscopy was performed in 32 animals. On follow‐up colonoscopy at 7 days after operation, 78.1% cases in the CSP group showed healing of mucosal defect compared with none in the HSP group (P < 0.001); mucosal repair score in the CSP group was significantly higher than HSP group (P < 0.001). On follow‐up colonoscopy at 15 days, mucosal defect after CSP had completely healed in all cases (100%) versus 96.9% after HSP (P = 0.313). Among these healed defects, scar formation was observed in 2 of 32 cases in the CSP group compared with 19 of 31 in the HSP group (P < 0.001). Intraoperative perforation rate was significantly higher in the HSP group (15% vs 2.5%; P = 0.048).ConclusionsMucosal defect repair after CSP is quicker compared with HSP and is more likely to result in scarless healing. HSP is more likely to cause perforation in the thin colon walls.
The IMPACT Act of 2014: Standardizing patient assessment data to support care coordination, quality outcomes, and interoperability
Authors: McMullen Tara L. , Mandl Stella R. , Pratt Mary J. , Van Charlayne D. , Connor Beth A. , Levitt Alan F. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe Improving Medicare Post‐Acute Care Transformation Act of 2014 (IMPACT Act) addressed the need for uniform, clinical, and demographic data in post‐acute care (PAC) settings. Structured, uniform data enables potential interoperable data exchange, quality comparisons across PAC provider types, and the capacity to explore a Medicare unified PAC payment system. Standardized patient assessment data elements were developed for clinical domains such as cognitive function and mental status, special services, treatments, and interventions, and medical conditions and comorbidities to create a common language that can be used to bolster a patient's needs and goals to improve clinical outcomes. Clinical care, decision making, and care planning were at the center of all decisions made to standardize specific data elements. In addition, all standardized data were mapped to nationally accepted vocabulary standards to support electronic health information exchange. The standardized patient assessment data elements present the foundation for uniform language across the PAC continuum to promote a greater quality of care for every patient.
Standardized assessment of medication reconciliation in post‐acute care
Authors: Fischer Shira H. , Shih Regina A. , McMullen Tara L. , Edelen Maria O. , Ahluwalia Sangeeta C. , Chen Emily K. , Dalton Sarah E. , Paddock Susan , Rodriguez Anthony , Saliba Debra , Mandl Stella , Mota Teresa ,   Advisory Group on Medication Reconciliation in PAC
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundMedication reconciliation (MR) facilitates safety during transitions of care, which occur frequently across post‐acute care (PAC) settings. Under the intent of the IMPACT Act of 2014, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services contracted with the RAND Corporation to develop and test standardized assessment data elements (SADEs) that assess the MR process.MethodsWe employed an iterative process that incorporated stakeholder input and three rounds of testing to identify, refine, and evaluate MR SADEs.Testing took place in 186 PAC sites (57 home health agencies, 28 inpatient rehabilitation facilities, 28 long‐term care hospitals, and 73 skilled nursing facilities). There were 2951 patients in the final test.Novel MR SADEs, based on the Joint Commission's framework, were refined. The final SADEs assessed whether: patient was taking high‐risk medications; an indication was noted for each medication class; discrepancies were identified; patient or family/caregiver was involved in addressing discrepancies; discrepancies were communicated to physician (or designee) within 24 h; recommended physician actions regarding discrepancies were implemented within 24 h after physician response; and the reconciled list was communicated to patient, prescriber, and/or pharmacy. Two assessors per facility collected data for each patient. Analyses described completion time, data missingness, and interrater reliability, as well as feedback on assessor burden.ResultsTime to complete the MR SADEs was 3.2 min. Missing data were <5%. Interrater reliability was moderate to high (κ: 0.42 [whether a reconciled list was communicated to prescribers] to 0.89 [identifying patients taking hypoglycemics]). For identifying high‐risk medication classes, interrater reliability was high (κ: 0.72–0.89). There were minimal differences by setting.ConclusionsThis is the first set of MR SADEs that have been assessed across the PAC settings. Results demonstrate feasibility, based on missing data and completion time, and moderate to strong reliability, based on interrater comparisons, of assessing MR.
Plasma α‐synuclein and phosphorylated tau 181 as a diagnostic biomarker panel for de novo Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Ren Jingru , Pan Chenxi , Wang Yajie , Xue Chen , Lin Huixia , Xu Jianxia , Wang Hui , Zhang Wenbin , Xu Pingyi , Chen Yong , Liu Weiguo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe use of a diagnostic panel comprising multiple biomarkers has the potential to accurately diagnose Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, a panel consisting solely of plasma biomarkers to diagnose PD is not available. This study aimed to examine the diagnostic ability of plasma biomarker panels for de novo PD using novel digital ultrasensitive immunoassay technology. We recruited 45 patients with de novo PD and 20 healthy controls (HCs). The concentrations of plasma α‐synuclein (α‐syn), amyloid β‐42 (Aβ42), Aβ40, phosphorylated tau 181 (p‐tau181), neurofilament light (NFL), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were quantified using the ultrasensitive single molecule array (Simoa) platform. Patients with de novo PD had higher plasma levels of α‐syn and p‐tau181 than HCs, adjusting for age and sex. Plasma levels of α‐syn and p‐tau181 were positively correlated in de novo PD patients. Higher plasma α‐syn levels were significantly associated with worse Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) Part III motor scores, modified Hoehn and Yahr (H‐Y) stages, and increased risk of PD with mild cognitive impairment (PD‐MCI). Higher plasma p‐tau181 concentrations were linked to worse H‐Y stages. The diagnostic panel using plasma α‐syn and p‐tau181, combined with age and sex, showed good performance in discriminating de novo PD patients from HCs (area under the curve = 0.806). These findings suggest that plasma α‐syn and p‐tau181 together may be a promising diagnostic biomarker panel for de novo PD patients.image
Socioeconomic correlates of health outcomes and mental health disparity in a sample of cancer patients during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Zhang Amy Y. , Koroukian Siran , Owusu Cynthia , Moore Scott E. , Gairola Richa 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAims and objectivesTo investigate socioeconomic, behavioural and healthcare delivery factors that are associated with health outcomes of cancer patients during the COVID‐19 pandemic, especially among underserved cancer patients.BackgroundCancer patients are at a higher risk of adverse physical and mental health outcomes during the pandemic than those without cancer.DesignCross‐sectional online survey. We followed the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) reporting guidelines in this study.MethodsThe sample comprised 322 individuals diagnosed with incident cancer between January 2019 and January 2020. Demographically, 64% were female, 49% had a college degree, 12% were African American, and 88% were White (77% of the Whites were from metropolitan and 23% from nonmetropolitan areas). Descriptive analysis and multivariable regression analyses of global health status, depression and irritability were performed.ResultsAfter adjusting for demographic variables and comorbidity, the feelings of loneliness, crowded living space, lower confidence in taking preventive measures and less satisfaction with telehealth visits were significantly associated with poorer global health, depression and irritability. Daily exercise was associated with better global health, and difficulty in getting medicine was associated with depression and irritability. Moreover, African Americans who felt lonely reported more depression and irritability and those who had less confidence in taking preventive measures reported more irritability than Whites. Respondents having low income and feeling lonely reported more depression than others.ConclusionsIn this study, socioeconomic factors (e.g. loneliness or crowded living conditions) were as important to health outcomes during the pandemic as behavioural (e.g. prevention and exercises) and quality‐of‐care factors (e.g. telehealth, access to medicine). Disparity was more pronounced in the mental health of African Americans and those with low incomes.Relevance to clinical practiceHealthcare providers should promote social support and physical activity for improving health and reducing mental health disparities among cancer patients.
Pulsatile vessel at the posterior bladder wall: A new sonographic marker for placenta percreta
Authors: Al‐Khan Abdulla , Alshowaikh Khadija , Krishnamoorthy Kaila , Saber Shelley , Alvarez Manuel , Pappas Leigh , Mannion Ciaran , Kayaalp Emre , Francis Antonia , Alvarez‐Perez Jesus 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveWe investigated using “pulsatile vessels at the posterior bladder wall” as a novel sonographic marker to demonstrate the severity of placenta accreta spectrum (PAS).MethodsThis observational case–control study of 30 pregnant women was performed at Hackensack Meridian Health's Center for Abnormal Placentation in 2020. The case group was made up of women with historically described sonographic signs of PAS and was compared against two control groups: (1) women with uncomplicated placenta previa and (2) women with no evidence of placenta previa sonographically. All patients were evaluated with Color Flow Doppler ultrasound to assess the presence of arterial vessels at the posterior bladder wall. The flow characteristics and resistance indices (RI) were noted in the presence of pulsatile vessels. All patients' placentation was clinically confirmed at delivery. Patients with clinical invasive placentation underwent histopathological diagnosis to confirm disease presence.ResultsHundred percent of subjects in our series with suspected PAS exhibited pulsatile arterial vessels at the posterior bladder wall sonographically with a low RI of 0.38 ± 0.1 at an average of 24.6 ± 5.2 gestational weeks. Cases were histopathologically confirmed to have placenta percreta after delivery. Patients in either of the control groups did not display pulsatile vessels at the posterior bladder wall during antenatal sonographic evaluations and had no clinical evidence of PAS.ConclusionThe presence of posterior urinary bladder wall pulsatile arterial vessels with low RI, in addition to traditional sonographic markers increases the suspicion of severe PAS. Thus, these findings allow for the greater opportunity for coordination of patient care prior to delivery.
Using Social Media to Promote School Nutrition Programs During the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Whitesell Anne , Fitch Hunter 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDMillions of school‐aged children receive free or reduced‐price lunches through the United States Department of Agriculture's (USDA) National School Lunch Program; that service was disrupted when public schools closed at the beginning of the coronavirus pandemic. Prior to the pandemic, this program received little attention on school districts' social media accounts.METHODSWe collected Twitter data from 70 Ohio public school districts to construct a measure of attention paid toward school nutrition programs from 2008 to 2021. We also collected district‐level data to analyze the relationship between district characteristics and mentions of school nutrition programs.RESULTSWe show that attention to school nutrition programs significantly increased during the pandemic. School districts with a greater student population density and greater geographic area were more likely to tweet about these programs.CONCLUSIONSSchool districts can, and should, use social media to inform residents about school nutrition programs and food security programs more generally. Social media provides a low‐cost way to lessen the administrative burden for families trying to access these programs.