bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In silico analysis of mutations near S1/S2 cleavage site in SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein reveals increased propensity of glycosylation in Omicron strain
Authors: Beaudoin Christopher A. , Pandurangan Arun P. , Kim So Yeon , Hamaia Samir W. , Huang Christopher L.‐H. , Blundell Tom L. , Vedithi Sundeep Chaitanya , Jackson Antony P. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCleavage of the severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) spike protein has been demonstrated to contribute to viral‐cell fusion and syncytia formation. Studies have shown that variants of concern (VOC) and variants of interest (VOI) show differing membrane fusion capacity. Mutations near cleavage motifs, such as the S1/S2 and S2' sites, may alter interactions with host proteases and, thus, the potential for fusion. The biochemical basis for the differences in interactions with host proteases for the VOC/VOI spike proteins has not yet been explored. Using sequence and structure‐based bioinformatics, mutations near the VOC/VOI spike protein cleavage sites were inspected for their structural effects. All mutations found at the S1/S2 sites were predicted to increase affinity to the furin protease but not TMPRSS2. Mutations at the spike residue P681 in several strains, such P681R in the Delta strain, resulted in the disruption of a proline‐directed kinase phosphorylation motif at the S1/S2 site, which may lessen the impact of phosphorylation for these variants. However, the unique N679K mutation in the Omicron strain was found to increase the propensity for O‐linked glycosylation at the S1/S2 cleavage site, which may prevent recognition by proteases. Such glycosylation in the Omicron strain may hinder entry at the cell surface and, thus, decrease syncytia formation and induce cell entry through the endocytic pathway as has been shown in previous studies. Further experimental work is needed to confirm the effect of mutations and posttranslational modifications on SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein cleavage sites.
Identifying the rapid intensification of tropical cyclones using the Himawari‐8 satellite and their impacts in the Philippines
Authors: Tierra Maria Czarina M. , Bagtasa Gerry 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTropical cyclones (TCs) that undergo rapid intensification (RI), defined as the upper 95th percentile increase of TC maximum winds in a 24‐hr period, are likely to pose a bigger threat to affected countries in the western North Pacific (WNP). In the Philippines, of the 522 TCs that made landfall from 1951 to 2020, 146 TCs (28%) underwent RI. The majority (82%) of these RI TCs made landfall with at least typhoon intensity, in contrast, only 12% of landfalling non‐RI TCs were typhoons. As the region in the WNP basin where most TC RI occurs (bounded by 123°–140°E and 10°–20°N) is located just to the east of the Philippines, TC RI is typically followed by landfall in the Philippines, many of which do so at their peak intensity. Consequently, results suggest that TCs undergoing RI have a larger impact on the country. Comparison of socioeconomic data between landfalling RI and non‐RI TCs showed that the former tend to have larger impacts in terms of population affected and number of deaths. Hence, determining TC RI at its onset can aid in the early warning of impending TC intensification. In this study, we explored the use of infrared brightness temperature (Bt) satellite data in the identification of TC RI onset. The 10.4 μm window band of the Himawari‐8 satellite was used to measure the amount of active convection that typically occurs before or during the onset of TC RI. RI onset is determined if 100% of pixels within a 50 km radius from the TC centre have Bt ≤225 K. Assessment of satellite Bt data that fit this set of criteria followed by 25 and 35 kt RI in the next 24 hr have positive Pierce skill scores of 0.47 and 0.48, respectively, false alarm ratio of 0.13–0.20, and probability of false detection of 0.02–0.03.
Comparisons of changes in compound dry and hot events in China based on different drought indicators
Authors: Zhang Yu , Hao Zengchao , Feng Sifang , Zhang Xuan , Hao Fanghua 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCompound dry and hot events or extremes (CDHEs) may cause more severe impacts on natural and human systems than individual extremes and have received increasing attention in recent years. Previous studies on variations of CDHEs in China mainly focused on individual characteristics based on single drought indicators, which falls short in characterizing the variability of CDHEs. This study assesses changes in multiple characteristics of CDHEs (i.e., frequency, duration, severity, magnitude, and timing) in China during summer from 1960 to 2017 based on different drought indicators, including Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI), and Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI). Results show that CDHEs become more frequent, longer, severer, stronger, and earlier in most parts of mainland China. Specifically, the frequency, duration, and severity of CDHEs show significant increases in the area from northeastern to southwestern China, whereas certain decreases are found in eastern China, central China, and parts of northwestern China. Changes in characteristics of CDHEs with various drought indicators differ to some extent, especially in arid regions. Furthermore, the spatiotemporal changes in precipitation, temperature, wind speed, relative humidity, and sunshine duration are employed to explain changes in CDHEs. Our findings could be useful for assessing the changes in CDHEs to cope with climate extremes under global warming.
Diurnal temperature range variability driven by cloud cover and precipitation in Mongolian Plateau under global warming
Authors: Na Li , Na Risu , Bao Yulong , Zhang Jiquan , Bao Yuhai , Shan Yin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe diurnal temperature range (DTR) has significantly decreased in many land areas as a consequence of global warming. The DTR spatial distribution and future projections of spatiotemporal variations in the case of global warming levels at 1.5 and 2.0°C under the RCP4.5 emission scenario was investigated using datasets from the Climatic Research Unit (CRU‐TS v.3.24.01) and the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) in the Mongolian Plateau. And the main factors influencing DTR spatiotemporal variations were also evaluated using the Geo‐detector model at different time scales. The results showed that variations of the DTR significant decrease in snow‐winter dry‐warm summer climate region are higher than in other climate regions in spatial scale. As a result of the increasing rates of Tmin, which was more than double that of Tmax, the DTR decreased significantly on a temporal scale. In climate projections, the DTR was lower at global warming of 2.0°C (2037–2056) than 1.5°C (2017–2036). Precipitation was determined to be the predominant factor underlying the annual and seasonal (spring, summer, and autumn) DTR changes. Total cloud cover was the main factor in winter. Soil moisture was the key factor for the spatial variations in DTR in the warm and dry seasons. This study enhances the understanding of climate change in the Mongolian Plateau and provides a strong reference for other DTR variation studies in similar climates.
Is humanism the antidote? School counselor conversations disrupting the impact of systemic racism on college attendance
Authors: Grey Lorise D. , Vannest Jason L. , Vannest Rebecca J. , Smith Julia B. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSchool counselors may be integral in disrupting racial disparities in college attendance by increasing conversations about college using humanistic approaches. A covariate analysis of family income, family education, and math performance, of 14,520 Black and White students from 944 schools, revealed factors impacting conversations about college.
Putting the magnifying glass on minorities groups in entrepreneurship: What can we observe?
Authors: Sampaio Carlos , Farinha Luís , Sebastião João Renato , Fernandes António 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAlthough entrepreneurship plays a critical role in fostering economic development, erasing inequality, and generating more balanced societies, a gap concerning the course, nature, and state‐of‐the‐art of minority entrepreneurship scientific literature need to be fulfilled. A hybrid methodology, combining bibliometric methods and topic models (latent Drichlet allocation) is used to perform a thematic analysis of the minority entrepreneurship research stream. The analysis provides insight into the most relevant research themes as well as further research agenda.
Carotid Blowout Syndrome in Head and Neck Cancer Patients: Management of Patients At Risk for CBS
Authors: Slijepcevic Allison A. , Roh Joseph , Pipkorn Patrik , Lipsey Kim , Bradley Joseph P. 
Published: May 2022

ObjectivesCarotid blowout syndrome (CBS) is an acute, rare life‐threatening hemorrhage that occurs in patients with a history of head and neck cancer and radiation therapy.The primary objective of this review was to identify risk factors and assess treatment and survival outcomes following CBS.MethodsA systematic review of published literature was performed. Information including risk factors, treatment, and outcomes of CBS were collected.ResultsA total of 49 articles and 2220 patients were included in the systematic review. Risk factors for developing CBS included a history of radiation therapy, wound complications, and advanced tumor stage. The initial management of CBS included establishing a stable airway, gaining hemostasis, and repletion of blood loss. Endovascular and surgical procedures treat CBS with infrequent rates of rebleeding and periprocedural complications. Short‐term survival following treatment of CBS shows high survival rates when considering CBS‐related complications and underlying disease, however, long‐term survival related to the underlying disease demonstrated high mortality.ConclusionsIdentifying patients at risk for CBS enables practitioners to counsel patients on life‐saving interventions and expected outcomes following treatment of CBS. Treatment of CBS is associated with high short‐term survival, although long‐term survival related to underlying disease is low.Level of EvidenceN/A Laryngoscope, 133:576–587, 2023
Sustainable livelihood security of small farmers improved through a resilient farming system in thesemiaridregion of India
Authors: Ravisankar Natesan , Ansari Meraj A. , Shamim Mohammad , Prusty Ashisa K. , Singh Raghuveer , Panwar Azad S. , Dutta Debashis , Bhaskar Suryanarayana , Bindhu Jayasree S. , Sanjay Mothkur T. , Kaur Jashanjot , Varghese Cini , Dash Sukanta , Bhowmik Arpan , Bal Santanu K. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractImproving the farming system to attain the household level self‐sufficiency, land utilization efficiency and sustainable livelihood security depends on better socio‐economic and ecological aspects of the systems practiced by the small farmers in the semiarid regions of India. The higher sustainable livelihood security index (SLSI) in the integrated crops‐livestock system helps to restore economic and ecological sustainability. The aim of this study was to analyze how various modules of farming in different combinations have interacted with the diversification of existing systems. We used the ecological security index (ESI), economic efficiency index (EEI), and social equity index (SEI) to produce a SLSI of improved integrated farming system (IFS) compared with benchmark farming in semiarid regions. In this study, different existing IFS comprising of seven modules (field crops, dairy, goats, poultry, horticulture, fishery, and apiary) in different combinations were examined. Results revealed that 72.5% farmers preferred to integrate two modules, where as 95% of farmers adopted field crops + dairy (FC + D) in preference to other modules. The sustainability indicators: ESI (+43.3%), EEI (+16.0%), SEI (+11.6%), and SLSI (+6.0%) were improved in the FC + D farming system to a greater degree than other IFS module combinations. Similarly, improved IFS interventions also increased sustainability indicators over benchmark farming. Based on large scale household studies over 5 years, our findings suggest that the improved IFS succeeded in providing a wider array of livelihood security than existing practices. Hence, the paradigm shift from component approach to an IFS‐based resilient system, which is economically viable, environmentally sustainable, and socially acceptable, is needed for development of semiarid regions.
Explanatory factors for efficiency in the use of social networking sites—The case of organic food products
Authors: Bernal‐Jurado Enrique , Mozas‐Moral Adoración , Fernández‐Uclés Domingo , Medina‐Viruel Miguel Jesús 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn some markets, organic foods face problems such as consumer misinformation and confusion, high prices compared to conventional equivalents, or few points of sale. The answers to these problems include information and communication technologies, particularly social networking sites (SNS), given their potential for conveying information and connecting customers and suppliers at less cost. It would be useful to ascertain the psychology of social media use and which factors determine SNS efficiency among organic producers. This study of the efficiency of SNS use in two strategic sectors for Spain—olive oil and wine—used data envelopment analysis and, in a second stage, qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) to detect the contextual variables that explain the highest efficiency indices. The results showed that the more market‐oriented sector (wine) has a higher average efficiency of SNS use and pointed to the following explanatory factors: SNSs mentioned on corporate websites, number of employees, the manager's educational background, and length of SNS use.
An integrated chemical analysis and network pharmacology approach to identify quality markers of Actinidia eriantha Benth radix on gastric cancer
Authors: Xiang Zheng , Chen Yuanyuan , Qiu Jieying 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionActinidia eriantha Benth radix (AEBR) is one of the most commonly used medicines by the She people in China, used primarily for the treatment of tumours of the digestive tract. There is currently limited to no data on the quality control of AEBR.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to identify quality markers of AEBR.Material and MethodsAn ultra‐performance lquid chromatography quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UPLC‐QTOF‐MS) method was used to identify and analyse the components of AEBR from water extracts. An ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS) method was also established for the simultaneous determination of 13 active components in the water extracts. The network pharmacology method was used to screen for quality markers of AEBR in gastric cancer.ResultsThis study tentatively identified 199 chemical constituents and isomers, including 67 pentacyclic triterpenoids, 20 flavonoids, 39 phenolic acids, 18 coumarins, and other compounds. The 13 active components in the water extracts were successfully determined using a validated UPLC–MS/MS method. Based on the network pharmacology method, four compounds were selected as quality markers of AEBR.ConclusionThis study provides an important reference for the quality control of AEBR. Chemical analysis combined with network pharmacology provides an effective strategy for the discovery of quality markers in traditional Chinese/herb medicine.
A single center experience of prenatal parent‐fetus trio exome sequencing for pregnancies with congenital anomalies
Authors: Dufke Andreas , Hoopmann Markus , Waldmüller Stephan , Prodan Natalia Carmen , Beck‐Wödl Stefanie , Grasshoff Ute , Heinrich Tilman , Riess Angelika , Kehrer Martin , Falb Ruth J. , Liebmann Alexandra , Roggia Cristiana , Stampfer Miriam , Schadeck Malou , Müller Amelie J. , Grimmel Mona , Stöbe Petra , Gauck Darja , Buchert‐Lo Rebecca , Baumann Sarah , Schäferhoff Karin , Bertrand Miriam , Menden Benita , Sturm Marc , Schütz Leon , Riess Olaf , Ossowski Stephan , Haack Tobias B. , Kagan Karl Oliver 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo examine the diagnostic yield of trio exome sequencing in fetuses with multiple structural defects with no pathogenic findings in cytogenetic and microarray analyses.MethodsWe recruited 51 fetuses with two or more defects, non‐immune fetal hydrops or fetal akinesia deformation syndrome|or fetal akinesia deformation sequence (FADS). Trio exome sequencing was performed on DNA from chorionic villi samples and parental blood. Detection of genomic variation and prioritization of clinically relevant variants was performed according to in‐house standard operating procedures.ResultsMedian maternal and gestational age was 32.0 years and 21.0 weeks, respectively. Forty‐three (84.3%) fetuses had two or more affected organ systems. The remaining fetuses had isolated fetal hydrops or FADS. In total, the exome analysis established the genetic cause for the clinical abnormalities in 22 (43.1%, 95% CI 29.4%–57.8%) pregnancies.ConclusionsIn fetuses with multiple defects, hydrops or FADS and normal standard genetic results, trio exome sequencing has the potential to identify genetic anomalies in more than 40% of cases.
A Delphi‐based approach to developing the contents of an online resource, Care Assist, for male caregivers of women with breast cancer
Authors: Goria Sandra , Girgis Afaf , Shaw Joanne , Przezdziecki Astrid , Levesque Janelle , Bamgboje‐Ayodele Adeola ,   Care Assist Co‐Authorship Group
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveInformal male caregivers of women with breast cancer (BC) have significant psychological, emotional, and social burdens that are inadequately addressed by current face‐to‐face interventions. Online interventions overcome barriers that limit engagement with face‐to‐face interventions. This study aimed to develop the contents of Care Assist, an online supportive care resource for male caregivers of BC patients, through expert consensus.MethodsA Delphi study comprising two survey rounds and an expert consultation was conducted. In Round 1, experts in BC care rated the importance of 25 content items. In Round 2, they re‐rated content items that failed to reach consensus (i.e. 80% agreement) in Round 1 or were newly developed. Free‐text responses were also collected. During expert consultation, the resource was reviewed and revised for clarity. Iterative refinement followed all rounds. Quantitative data was analysed descriptively, and qualitative data was analysed using content analysis.ResultsTwenty‐two experts participated and reached consensus on 96% of items, with 217 comments provided on: (a) the perceived benefits of Care Assist to caregivers and care recipients, (b) recommendations of newly suggested content items, wording, and use of external links, and (c) concerns regarding information overload and need for tailoring. The expert consultation comments focused on clarifying scope, wording, and information tailoring.ConclusionThe rigorous Delphi process resulted in the content for a comprehensive online supportive care intervention for male caregivers. Information overload can be minimised through self‐identification of needs and utilisation of eHealth to personalise the resource for the heterogeneous male caregiver population.
Silica Supraparticles with Self‐Oscillatory Vertical Propulsion: Mechanism & Theoretical Description
Authors: Kim Hyung‐Ju , Sperling Marcel , Velev Orlin D. , Gradzielski Michael 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA novel type of mm‐sized silica‐based self‐propelling supraparticles displaying buoyancy‐driven homogeneous vertical oscillatory motion using aqueous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as chemical fuel is presented. The supraparticles are prepared via a robust droplet templating technique by drying colloidal suspension droplets containing silica microspheres and catalytic Fe3O4@Pt decorated nanoparticles on a superhydrophobic Cu–Ag surface. Oxygen gas originating from Pt catalyzed decomposition of H2O2 is released and gathered onto the hydrophobic supraparticle surface. This causes buoyancy and uplift of the particle to the surface, where the oxygen bubble is released and the particle descents again, leading to an oscillating process in a very regular fashion. The mechanism of this process is characterized and analyzed here quantitatively by a balance of the gravitational and buoyant forces. The theoretical model of particle movement describes how the particle oscillation period depends on the H2O2 concentration. This novel type of self‐propelling particles could find potential applications in mixing and catalysis, especially due to the high regularity of their periodic movement.
Flexible and efficient Bayesian pharmacometrics modeling using Stan and Torsten, Part I
Authors: Margossian Charles C. , Zhang Yi , Gillespie William R. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractStan is an open‐source probabilistic programing language, primarily designed to do Bayesian data analysis. Its main inference algorithm is an adaptive Hamiltonian Monte Carlo sampler, supported by state‐of‐the‐art gradient computation. Stan's strengths include efficient computation, an expressive language that offers a great deal of flexibility, and numerous diagnostics that allow modelers to check whether the inference is reliable. Torsten extends Stan with a suite of functions that facilitate the specification of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic models and makes it straightforward to specify a clinical event schedule. Part I of this tutorial demonstrates how to build, fit, and criticize standard pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic models using Stan and Torsten.
Barriers of social sustainability: an improved interpretive structural model of Indian textile and clothing supply chain
Authors: Shaw Mahesh , Majumdar Abhijit , Govindan Kannan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSocial sustainability, the social dimension of sustainable development goals (SDGs), is getting increasing attention in recent years. The issues of social sustainability are very challenging in the textile and clothing supply chain especially in emerging economies. This article proposes a modified fuzzy interpretive structural modelling (fuzzy ISM) for analysing the contextual relationships among the barriers of social sustainability. Twenty barriers are shortlisted based on review of literature and experts' opinion. The contextual relationships among the barriers are captured in form of linguistic ratings given by the experts. Using the modified fuzzy ISM method, an eight‐level hierarchical model is developed. The lack of consumer awareness is found to be the most important driving barrier. The other important driving barriers are lack of strict implementation of government laws and regulation, and lack of financial support from the Government and trade bodies. This study shows that the issues of social sustainability in the textile and clothing supply chain can be addressed by increasing consumer awareness, coercive pressure from the regulatory bodies, and financial aids and incentives to supply chain partners. This study contributes to the methodology by developing an improved interpretive model of decision making. The hierarchical and contextual relationships among the social sustainability barriers have been deciphered. The study also utilises organisational change management theory to address the barriers of adoption of social sustainability. Outcome of this research will be useful to frame strategies to implement social sustainability in textile and clothing supply chain.