bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large size in aquatic tetrapods compensates for high drag caused by extreme body proportions
Authors: Gutarra Susana , Stubbs Thomas L. , Moon Benjamin C. , Palmer Colin , Benton Michael J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractVarious Mesozoic marine reptile lineages evolved streamlined bodies and efficient lift-based swimming, as seen in modern aquatic mammals. Ichthyosaurs had low-drag bodies, akin to modern dolphins, but plesiosaurs were strikingly different, with long hydrofoil-like limbs and greatly variable neck and trunk proportions. Using computational fluid dynamics, we explore the effect of this extreme morphological variation. We find that, independently of their body fineness ratio, plesiosaurs produced more drag than ichthyosaurs and modern cetaceans of equal mass due to their large limbs, but these differences were not significant when body size was accounted for. Additionally, necks longer than twice the trunk length can substantially increase the cost of forward swimming, but this effect was cancelled out by the evolution of big trunks. Moreover, fast rates in the evolution of neck proportions in the long-necked elasmosaurs suggest that large trunks might have released the hydrodynamic constraints on necks thus allowing their extreme enlargement.
Loss of SIRT1 inhibits hematopoietic stem cell aging and age-dependent mixed phenotype acute leukemia
Authors: Wang Zhiqiang , Zhang Chunxiao , Warden Charles David , Liu Zheng , Yuan Yate-Ching , Guo Chao , Wang Charles , Wang Jinhui , Wu Xiwei , Ermel Richard , Vonderfecht Steven L. , Wang Xiuli , Brown Christine , Forman Stephen , Yang Yaling , James You M. , Chen WenYong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAging of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is linked to various blood disorders and malignancies. SIRT1 has been implicated in healthy aging, but its role in HSC aging is poorly understood. Surprisingly, we found thatSirt1knockout improved the maintenance of quiescence of aging HSCs and their functionality as well as mouse survival in serial bone marrow transplantation (BMT) recipients. The majority of secondary and tertiary BMT recipients of aging wild type donor cells developed B/myeloid mixed phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL), which was markedly inhibited bySirt1knockout. SIRT1 inhibition also reduced the growth and survival of human B/myeloid MPAL cells.Sirt1knockout suppressed global gene activation in old HSCs, prominently the genes regulating protein synthesis and oxidative metabolism, which may involve multiple downstream transcriptional factors. Our results demonstrate an unexpected role of SIRT1 in promoting HSC aging and age-dependent MPAL and suggest SIRT1 may be a new therapeutic target for modulating functions of aging HSCs and treatment of MPAL.
Terahertz displacive excitation of a coherent Raman-active phonon in V2O3
Authors: Giorgianni Flavio , Udina Mattia , Cea Tommaso , Paris Eugenio , Caputo Marco , Radovic Milan , Boie Larissa , Sakai Joe , Schneider Christof W. , Johnson Steven Lee 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNonlinear processes involving frequency-mixing of light fields set the basis for ultrafast coherent spectroscopy of collective modes in solids. In certain semimetals and semiconductors, generation of coherent phonon modes can occur by a displacive force on the lattice at the difference-frequency mixing of a laser pulse excitation on the electronic system. Here, as a low-frequency counterpart of this process, we demonstrate that coherent phonon excitations can be induced by the sum-frequency components of an intense terahertz light field, coupled to intraband electronic transitions. This nonlinear process leads to charge-coupled coherent dynamics of Raman-active phonon modes in the strongly correlated metal V2O3. Our results show an alternative up-conversion pathway for the optical control of Raman-active modes in solids mediated by terahertz-driven electronic excitation.
Apigenin alleviated PA-induced pyroptosis by activating autophagy in hepatocytes
Authors: Meng Zhuoqun , Zhu Beiwei , Gao Min , Wang Guang , Zhou Hongjiang , Lu Jing , Guan Shuang 
Published: April 2022

Apigenin inhibited the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome by activating autophagy, so as to alleviate the pyroptosis of hepatocytes induced by PA.
Mesospheric ionization during substorm growth phase
Authors: Murase Kiyoka , Kataoka Ryuho , Nishiyama Takanori , Nishimura Koji , Hashimoto Taishi , Tanaka Yoshimasa , Kadokura Akira , Tomikawa Yoshihiro , Tsutsumi Masaki , Ogawa Yasunobu , Uchida Herbert Akihito , Sato Kaoru , Kasahara Satoshi , Mitani Takefumi , Yokota Shoichiro , Hori Tomoaki , Keika Kunihiro , Takashima Takeshi , Kasahara Yoshiya , Matsuda Shoya , Shoji Masafumi , Matsuoka Ayako , Shinohara Iku , Miyoshi Yoshizumi , Sato Tatsuhiko , Ebihara Yusuke , Tanaka Takashi 
Published: April 2022

Many studies have been conducted about the impact of energetic charged particles on the atmosphere during geomagnetically active times, while quiet time effects are poorly understood. We identified two energetic electron precipitation (EEP) events during the growth phase of moderate substorms and estimated the mesospheric ionization rate for an EEP event for which the most comprehensive dataset from ground-based and space-born instruments was available. The mesospheric ionization signature reached below 70 km altitude and continued for ~15 min until the substorm onset, as observed by the PANSY radar and imaging riometer at Syowa Station in the Antarctic region. We also used energetic electron flux observed by the Arase and POES 15 satellites as the input for the air-shower simulation code PHITS to quantitatively estimate the mesospheric ionization rate. The calculated ionization level due to the precipitating electrons is consistent with the observed value of cosmic noise absorption. The possible spatial extent of EEP is estimated to be ~8 h MLT in longitude and ~1.5° in latitude from a global magnetohydrodynamic simulation REPPU and the precipitating electron observations by the POES satellite, respectively. Such a significant duration and spatial extent of EEP events suggest a non-negligible contribution of the growth phase EEP to the mesospheric ionization. Combining the cutting-edge observations and simulations, we shed new light on the space weather impact of the EEP events during geomagnetically quiet times, which is important to understand the possible link between the space environment and climate.
Auditory Temporal and Spectral Resolution in Normal and Impaired Hearing
Authors: Larsby Birgitta , Arlinger Stig 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTemporal, spectral, and combined temporal-spectral resolution of hearing was assessed by recording masked hearing thresholds. The masker was an octave band noise. Spectral resolution was assessed by introducing a spectral gap of half an octave bandwidth in the masker. A 50–msec gap assessed temporal resolution. The spectral and temporal gaps were used separately or simultaneously. Normal-hearing and hearing-impaired subjects participated. For each masking condition, the subjects were tested at masker levels 50, 60, 70, and 80 dB SPL and at test-tone frequencies 0.5,1, 2, and 4 kHz. Normal-hearing subjects showed reduced masking with spectral and temporal gaps. The combination of spectral and temporal gap reduced masking further. The release of masking was dependent upon the masker level. Hearing-impaired subjects showed less release of masking than normal-hearing subjects. The degree of hearing impairment was inversely related to release of masking. Reliability of the test procedure was assessed.
Abbreviations: HI = hearing impaired, MCL = most comfortable level, NH = normal hearing, OAD = obscure auditory dysfunction, RoM = release of masking
The call of ordinariness: peer interaction and superdiversity within the civil sphere
Authors: Tajic Denis , Lund Anna 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPrevious research conducted in Swedish schools and beyond has shown how newly arrived migrant students are excluded by peers from the majority population and by longer-term residents. The novelty of the present article is its focus on the opposite: how peer interaction between newly arrived and other students arises in superdiverse school settings and what this interaction means for newly arrived migrant students. A multidimensional theoretical perspective with a focus on social interaction within school is utilized to illuminate the drama of social life. Ideals of the civil sphere, superdiversity, habitus and conviviality are combined, the goal being to create links between macro- and micro-levels. Peer interaction is analyzed as meaningful per se, rather than as an exchange value. This is valuable from a subjective perspective in relation to the notion that being ordinary is a key to belonging. The analysis shows the lived interconnectedness between ideals, institutions, practices, and individuals’ life experiences. The data are drawn from ethnographic fieldwork undertaken during one academic year in two middle schools [högstadiet] and 42 interviews with newly arrived migrant students and school staff in Sweden.
The role of population size in folk tune complexity
Authors: Street Sally E. , Eerola Tuomas , Kendal Jeremy R. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDemography, particularly population size, plays a key role in cultural complexity. However, the relationship between population size and complexity appears to vary across domains: while studies of technology typically find a positive correlation, the opposite is true for language, and the role of population size in complexity in the arts remains to be established. Here, we investigate the relationship between population size and complexity in music using Irish folk session tunes as a case study. Using analyses of a large online folk tune dataset, we show that popular tunes played by larger communities of musicians have diversified into a greater number of different versions which encompass more variation in melodic complexity compared with less popular tunes. However, popular tunes also tend to be intermediate in melodic complexity and variation in complexity for popular tunes is lower than expected given the increased number of tune versions. We also find that user preferences for individual tune versions are more skewed in popular tunes. Taken together, these results suggest that while larger populations create more frequent opportunities for musical innovation, they encourage convergence upon intermediate levels of melodic complexity due to a widespread inverse U-shaped relationship between complexity and aesthetic preference. We explore the assumptions underlying our empirical analyses further using simple simulations of tune diffusion through populations of different sizes, finding that a combination of biased copying and structured populations appears most consistent with our results. Our study demonstrates a unique relationship between population size and cultural complexity in the arts, confirming that the relationship between population size and cultural complexity is domain-dependent, rather than universal.
Evaluation and drivers of global low-carbon economies based on satellite data
Authors: Chen Jiandong , Gao Ming , Cheng Shulei , Xu Yiyin , Song Malin , Liu Yu , Hou Wenxuan , Wang Shuhong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractGlobal warming is one of the largest challenges humankind is facing in this century, and how to achieve low-carbon economy has become one of the most attractive topics of global concern. However, evaluations of the low-carbon economy are insufficient due to limited methodologies and data availability. In this study, satellite data (i.e., night-time light data and net primary production) were employed to estimate the net economic output (neo), and ratio of neo to the GDP (reo), which can be used to assess the quantity and quality of worldwide low-carbon economies. Based on panel vector autoregression (pvar) analysis, we further discussed the drivers of neo and reo in global climate change mitigation towards a better low-carbon society. The results show that: (1) only France and the United Kingdom ranked within the top 10 in terms of the neo and reo in 2019, implying that they were successful in increasing both quantity and quality of low-carbon economic development; (2) the pvar analysis presented that the increase of reo granger-caused neo growth, and net primary production increment greatly helped raise the worldwide reo; (3) raising CO2 abatement policy stringency can play a major role in improving the quality of low carbon economy countries with poor quantity and quality, but it cannot significantly promote groups with high reo. Additionally, the results of this study also provided basic data, such as our calibrated global 1 × 1 km gridded night-time light data during 1992–2019 for research regarding low-carbon economy and other sustainable development issues.
Numerical performance assessment of double-shell targets for Z-pinch dynamic hohlraum
Authors: Chu Y. Y. , Wang Z. , Qi J. M. , Xu Z. P. , Li Z. H. 
Published: April 2022

A Z-pinch dynamic hohlraum can create the high-temperature radiation field required by indirect-drive inertial confinement fusion. A dynamic hohlraum with peak radiation temperature over 300 eV can be obtained with a &gt;50 MA Z-pinch driver according to the scaling law of dynamic hohlraum radiation temperature vs drive current. Based on a uniform 300 eV radiation temperature profile with a width of 10 ns, three double-shell capsules with radii of 2, 2.5, and 3 mm are proposed, and the corresponding fusion yields from a one-dimensional calculation are 28.8, 56.1, and 101.6 MJ. The implosion dynamics of the 2.5 mm-radius capsule is investigated in detail. At ignition, the areal density of the fuel is about 0.53 g/cm2, the fuel pressure is about 80 Gbar, and the central ion temperature is about 4.5 keV, according to the one-dimensional simulation. A two-dimensional simulation indicates that the double-shell capsule can implode nearly spherically when driven by the radiation field of a Z-pinch dynamic hohlraum. The sensitivities of the fusion performance to the radiation temperature profiles and to deviations in the capsule parameter are investigated through one-dimensional simulation, and it is found that the capsule fusion yields are rather stable in a quite large parameter space. A one-dimensional simulation of a capsule embedded in 50 mg/cm3 CH foam indicates that the capsule performance does not change greatly in the mimicked environment of a Z-pinch dynamic hohlraum. The double-shell capsules designed here are also applicable to laser indirect-drive inertial fusion, if a laser facility can produce a uniform 300 eV radiation field and sustain it for about 10 ns.
“¡Por el presente se certifica!”
Authors: Andújar Moreno Gemma , Vargas-Urpí Mireia 
Published: April 2022

Abstracta
La incorporación de estudiantes chinos al sistema universitario español ha comportado un incremento en los
certificados académicos que se reciben en la administración universitaria y que se usan para valorar la admisión de estos
estudiantes. Estos certificados a menudo se presentan acompañados de una traducción notarizada realizada en el país de origen,
China. A partir de un corpus bilingüe de 30 certificados emitidos en chino con sus traducciones al español validadas mediante
testimonios notariales, hemos realizado un análisis contrastivo minucioso de las traducciones con sus respectivos originales
fijándonos en cuatro dimensiones –aspectos microtextuales, paratextuales, de macroestructura y de superestructura– y teniendo en
cuenta también las diferencias en los contextos legislativos del procedimiento notarial en China y en España. Los resultados del
análisis nos han permitido reflexionar sobre la calidad relativamente baja de estas traducciones, en cuanto a contenido y en
cuanto a aspectos formales, así como sobre los problemas que podrían ocasionar las carencias detectadas.
Micro/nanofiber fabrication technologies for wearable sensors: a review
Authors: Ma Shaoyang , Wang Zhe , Zhu Yuguang , Tang Yushi , Fan Guofang , Ma Binghe , Ye Tao , Wei Lei 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The demand for wearable sensors is vastly growing as it provides people the ability to monitor their daily activities, surrounding environment, and health conditions conveniently. The development of these sophisticated wearable sensors with specific- or multiple-function capacity largely depends on the innovation pace of fabrication technologies. This review focuses on the most recent development of micro/nanofiber fabrication technologies for fabricating wearable sensors, including drawing, spinning, coating, and printing. The basic working mechanisms are introduced, followed by some representative applications. Lastly, the perspectives of these advanced methods on the development of future wearable sensors are discussed.
Significant magnetoelectric coupling in P(VDF-TrFE)/48%NiFe bilayer laminate composite for energy harvesting applications
Authors: Xavier Deepa , Dinesh Kumar S , Subramanian V 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A thick film of P(VDF-TrFE) piezoelectric polymer and a 48%nickel-iron (48%NiFe) alloy is employed to form a magnetoelectric (ME) layered composite to attain a ME coupling coefficient

α

ME

as high as 1002 mV cm−1 Oe−1. Theoretical analysis indicates a significant strain transfer of close to 79%. Compared with P(VDF-TrFE)/nickel bilayer laminate composite, 48%NiFe alloy shows an enhancement of

α

ME

by 53% due to the high piezomagnetic coefficient. Additionally, finite element methodology simulation using COMSOL® Multiphysics is used to corroborate the experimental results and theoretical estimates. The energy harvesting application is demonstrated by measuring the voltage from the laminate composite atop a small cooling fan, which produces a peak-to-peak ac voltage of 0.868 V. Comparative analysis with P(VDF-TrFE)/nickel bilayer laminate this value is 54% higher proving that the developed laminate composite is an efficient ME based energy harvester.
Measuring psychosocial stress with heart rate variability-based methods in different health and age groups
Authors: Seipäjärvi Santtu M , Tuomola Anniina , Juurakko Joona , Rottensteiner Mirva , Rissanen Antti-Pekka E , Kurkela Jari L O , Kujala Urho M , Laukkanen Jari A , Wikgren Jan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objective. Autonomic nervous system function and thereby bodily stress and recovery reactions may be assessed by wearable devices measuring heart rate (HR) and its variability (HRV). So far, the validity of HRV-based stress assessments has been mainly studied in healthy populations. In this study, we determined how psychosocial stress affects physiological and psychological stress responses in both young (18–30 years) and middle-aged (45–64 years) healthy individuals as well as in patients with arterial hypertension and/or either prior evidence of prediabetes or type 2 diabetes. We also studied how an HRV-based stress index (Relax-Stress Intensity, RSI) relates to perceived stress (PS) and cortisol (CRT) responses during psychosocial stress. Approach. A total of 197 participants were divided into three groups: (1) healthy young (HY, N = 63), (2) healthy middle-aged (HM, N = 61) and (3) patients with cardiometabolic risk factors (Pts, N = 73, 32–65 years). The participants underwent a group version of Trier Social Stress Test (TSST-G). HR, HRV (quantified as root mean square of successive differences of R–R intervals, RMSSD), RSI, PS, and salivary CRT were measured regularly during TSST-G and a subsequent recovery period. Main results. All groups showed significant stress reactions during TSST-G as indicated by significant responses of HR, RMSSD, RSI, PS, and salivary CRT. Between-group differences were also observed in all measures. Correlation and regression analyses implied RSI being the strongest predictor of CRT response, while HR was more closely associated with PS. Significance. The HRV-based stress index mirrors responses of CRT, which is an independent marker for physiological stress, around TSST-G. Thus, the HRV-based stress index may be used to quantify physiological responses to psychosocial stress across various health and age groups.
Damping enhanced novel re-centering seismic isolator incorporating superelastic SMA for response control of bridges under near-fault earthquakes
Authors: Zheng Wenzhi , Tan Ping , Zhang Zhenhua , Wang Hao , Sun Zhuo 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
To enhance the bridge resilient performance, a novel re-centering seismic isolator (RSI) is developed by incorporating damping enhanced (DE)-sliding-lead rubber bearing (LRB) with superelastic shape memory alloy (SMA), which functions with the yielding-sliding hysteretic mode. The numerical model of the novel RSI is developed in OpenSees platform and validated by comparing the numerical and experimental hysteretic loops of the superelastic SMA and DE-sliding-LRB. A parametric design procedure is proposed to determine the optimum parameters of the novel RSI system. A three-span continuous girder bridge is selected to investigate the response mitigation efficiency of the novel RSI system compared with LRB system under near-fault ground motions. A systematic parametric study is conducted to design the optimal parameters of the novel RSI system for bridges. Case study is conducted to investigate the effectiveness of the proposed design procedure and the novel RSI system for response mitigation of bridges. Results show that the damping capability is effectively enhanced by designing the friction coefficient of the sliding element. The novel RSI system can achieve dual mitigation of the displacement responses and base force in piers for bridges. Case study demonstrates the effectiveness of the novel RSI and parametric design procedure.
Improving critical current density of Nb3Sn by optimizing pinning potential of grain boundary and grain size
Authors: Ren Han-Xi , Xue Cun 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Nb3Sn superconductor is of significant interest for applications in constructing high-field magnets beyond the limit of NbTi. However, its critical current density decreases rapidly at high magnetic fields (

>

12 T) and the state-of-the-art level of Nb3Sn superconductors still cannot meet the requirements of the planned future accelerator magnets. The primary flux pinning centers for Nb3Sn wire mainly arise from the grain boundaries (GBs). In the present paper, we theoretically investigate, through time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau theory and with graphics-processing unit parallel technique, the vortex pinning and the critical current density in large-scale polycrystalline Nb3Sn superconductor by varying the pinning potential of GB and grain size at various magnetic fields. Unlike the conventional dot-like pinning systems, it is found that the critical current is not a monotonous function by suppressing the superconductivity of the GBs. The optimal pinning potential of GB for maximum critical current density strongly depends on magnetic fields. Furthermore, we find that the critical current density can be significantly enhanced by reducing grain size at low magnetic fields, while increase of critical current density cannot always be observed at high magnetic fields. Actually, critical current density even decreases by reducing grain size, which depends on the superconductivity of GBs. The findings in the paper provide theoretical foundations to achieve further improvement of Nb3Sn with optimizing the flux pinning.