bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of Ag@SiO2 nanoparticles within PVA to reduce growth of E. coli and S. aureus in beef patties
Authors: Zhao Jianying , Qian Jing , Luo Ji , Huang Mingming , Yan Wenjing , Zhang Jianhao 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTo overcome defects of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and expand its applications in food preservation, PVA/Ag@SiO2 nanocomposite films were prepared using the solution intercalation film‐casting method. Transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and UV‐visible absorption spectra were applied to confirm the synthesis of the nanoparticles (NPs). Effects of Ag@SiO2NPs on physicochemical characteristics of films like viscosity, swelling ratio, tensile strength, elongation at break, as well as antibacterial activity were also evaluated. Results indicate that Ag@SiO2NPs could be synthesized successfully, and the increasing concentration of Ag@SiO2NPs led to the decrease in viscosity and the swelling ratio of the PVA/Ag@SiO2NPs nanocomposite films. PVA/Ag@SiO2 nanocomposite films exhibited increased tensile strength and strong antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The films had higher antibacterial activity toward E. coli compared with S. aureus. Beef patties were applied to verify the practicality of PVA/Ag@SiO2 films. PVA/Ag@SiO2NPs nanocomposite films act as an active food packaging system showing great potential in retaining food safety and prolonging the shelf‐life of packaged foods.Practical ApplicationDuring the storage of fresh meat, the microbial count on the meat surface increased with increasing storage time; meat proteins could be broken down by microorganisms, causing the tissue structure to be destroyed, leading to loose muscle fibers and loss of nutrient‐containing juices. In this paper, by improving the PVA film, a new antibacterial membrane was prepared, which can be used for fresh meat sold in supermarkets, as a lining at the bottom of the meat or directly covering the meat. The method can significantly decrease the number of microorganisms and extend the shelf‐life of fresh meat.
Rapid growth in disposable e‐cigarette vaping among young adults in Great Britain from 2021 to 2022: a repeat cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Tattan‐Birch Harry , Jackson Sarah E. , Kock Loren , Dockrell Martin , Brown Jamie 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimsTo estimate recent trends in the prevalence of disposable e‐cigarette vaping in Great Britain, overall and across ages, and to measure these trends in the context of changes in smoking and vaping prevalence.DesignThe Smoking Toolkit Study, a monthly representative cross‐sectional survey.SettingGreat Britain.ParticipantsA total of 36 876 adults (≥ 18 years) completed telephone interviews between January 2021 and April 2022.MeasurementsCurrent e‐cigarette vapers were asked which type of device they mainly use. We estimated age‐specific monthly time trends in the prevalence of current disposable e‐cigarette use among vapers and inhaled nicotine use (vaping/smoking), smoking and vaping among adults.FindingsFrom January 2021 to April 2022, there was an 18‐fold increase in the percentage of vapers who used disposables, rising from 1.2 to 22.2% [prevalence ratio (PR) = 18.0; 95% compatibility interval (CI) = 9.18–49.0]. Growth in disposable e‐cigarette vaping was most pronounced in younger adults (interaction P‐value = 0.013): for example, the percentage of 18‐year‐old vapers using disposables rose from 0.4 to 54.8% (PR = 129; 95% CI = 28.5–4520), while it rose from 2.1 to 10.0% (PR = 4.73; 95% CI = 2.06–23.6) among 45‐year‐old vapers. However, the overall percentage of people currently using any inhaled nicotine remained stable over time both among all adults (20.0 versus 21.2%; PR = 1.06; 95% CI = 0.92–1.22) and among 18‐year‐olds (30.2 versus 29.7%; PR = 0.99; 95% CI = 0.80–1.22). In 18‐year‐olds, vaping prevalence grew (11.3 versus 17.7%; PR = 1.57; 95% CI = 1.12–2.29), and there was imprecise evidence for a decline in smoking (24.5 versus 19.5%; PR = 0.80; 95% CI = 0.63–1.04). In 45‐year‐olds, there was relatively little change in vaping (PR = 1.08; 95% CI = 0.88–1.33) or smoking prevalence (PR = 1.01; 95% CI = 0.88–1.16).ConclusionsUse of disposable e‐cigarettes in Great Britain grew rapidly between 2021 and 2022, especially among younger adults, but the overall prevalence of inhaled nicotine use was stable over time. Most young adult vapers in Great Britain now use disposable products.
Role of β1‐integrin in promoting cell motility and tamoxifen resistance of human breast cancer MCF‐7 cells
Authors: Hu Song , Yang Qian , Chen Zhenhai , Fu Weijie 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe mechanism of acquired resistance of tamoxifen in endocrine therapy of breast cancer is not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the genomic changes in acquired tamoxifen‐resistant cell lines.MethodsTamoxifen‐resistant subclones (MCF‐7R) derived from parent MCF‐7 cells, which is an ER(+) breast cancer cell line, cultured with 4‐hydrotamoxifen more than 6 months were used to obtain genomic alterations. Cell growth, microarray, and quantitative real‐time PCR (q‐RTPCR) assays were conducted. Additionally, the ITGB1 function was investigated in MCF‐7R cells and MCF‐7R ITGB1‐silenced subclones using MTT and Transwell assays. Online pathway analysis was performed to assess the genetic characteristics of tamoxifen resistance.ResultsThe gene expression profile of the tamoxifen‐resistant cell line was considerably changed compared to the tamoxifen‐sensitive cell line. Of 4102 genes with altered expressions, 1986 genes were upregulated, whereas 2116 were downregulated. The ITGB1 expression in MCF‐7R cells was higher than that in MCF‐7 cells. Interestingly, ITGB1 silencing partially rescued the sensitivity of MCF‐7R cells to tamoxifen and reduced their motility. The activation of the β1‐integrin signaling pathway was probably responsible for this phenomenon.ConclusionsOur data confirm the presence of alterations in the genes of tamoxifen‐resistance breast cancer cells. ITGB1 probably partially contributes to tamoxifen resistance and cell motility via the β1‐integrin signaling pathway. Thus, ITGB1 may be a potential target for the improvement of anti‐hormone therapy reaction in ER(+) breast cancer patients.
Clinical and histopathological analysis of 141 dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans in Korea: A comparative study according to trauma
Authors: Choi Myoung Eun , Lee Miyoung , Lee Woo Jin , Won Chong Hyun , Chang Sung Eun , Lee Mi Woo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundDermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a rare fibrohistiocytic tumour of unknown pathogenesis with intermediate malignant potential. Although trauma has been hypothesized as a predisposing factor for DFSP development, clinicopathological characteristics of trauma‐related DFSP have not been investigated.ObjectiveThis study investigated the differences between trauma‐associated DFSP and trauma‐unrelated DFSP.MethodsPatients histopathologically diagnosed with DFSP from January 2000 to December 2019 at the Dermatology Department were included. Clinical, histopathological, prognostic features and trauma history were analysed.ResultsWe recruited 141 patients with DFSP (mean age, 36.1 years; male: female, 1:1.01). Recurrence and systemic metastasis were observed in 15.6% and 2.8% of patients, respectively. Older patients were likely to develop DFSP at the trauma sites more frequently on the face and lower legs. The active‐growing lesions were more frequently associated with trauma‐related DFSP. Multivariable logistic regression revealed that age at diagnosis (OR: 1.031; 95% CI: 1.004–1.059; p = 0.024) and tumour growth (OR: 3.336; 95% CI: 1.162–9.578, p = 0.025) were significantly associated with trauma‐related DFSPs.ConclusionsThe age at diagnosis, lesion location and tumour growth were associated with DFSPs in this study. Analysis of DFSP with trauma history provides a deeper understanding of long‐term trauma effects on sarcoma development.
Not just “bodies with vaginas”: A Kantian defense of pelvic exam consent laws
Authors: Seybold Samantha L. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMedical students commonly learn how to administer pelvic exams by practicing on unconscious patients, often without first obtaining explicit consent from patients to do so. While 21 states currently have laws that require teaching hospitals to obtain consent from patients to participate in this educational experience, opposition from the medical community has stymied legislative progress. In this paper, I respond to the two most common reasons offered to oppose the legislation, which appeal to (1) the educational benefits of these exams or (2) protecting institutional autonomy. Kantian ideas about autonomy help to illuminate the problematic ways in which these arguments supplant the importance of women's choices over how their bodies are used while seeking medical treatment. Ultimately, neither argument offers sufficient reason to oppose laws that require explicit consent before administering training pelvic exams.
What are the research priorities for optimising the safe and effective use of opioids in Australian general practice?
Authors: Jung Monica , Cangadis‐Douglass Helena , Nielsen Suzanne , Lalic Samanta , Dobbin Malcolm , Russell Grant , Prathivadi Pallavi , Wood Pene , Manias Elizabeth , Lee Cik Y. , Arnold Carolyn , Kuleas Megan , Schumann Jennifer L. , Ilomäki Jenni , Bell J. Simon 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionPersistent high rates of prescription opioid use and harms remain a concern in Australia, Europe and North America. Research priority setting can inform the research agenda, strategic responses and evidence‐based interventions. The objective of this study was to establish research priorities related to the safe and effective use of prescription opioids in general practice.MethodsConsumers, clinicians and policy makers were invited to participate in a structured consensus workshop in May 2021. A modified nominal group technique was used to explore research priorities for the safe and effective use of opioids in Australian general practice. Research priorities were identified, consolidated and prioritised using a structured process.ResultsSeventeen consumer, medical, pharmacy, nursing, allied health and policy participants generated 26 consolidated priorities across three domains: (i) consumer‐focused priorities; (ii) clinician and practice‐focused priorities; and (iii) system and policy‐focused priorities. The highest ranked research priorities in each of the domains were consumer characteristics that influence opioid prescribing and outcomes, opioid deprescribing strategies, and system‐level barriers to prescribing alternatives to opioids, in the consumer, clinician and practice, and system and policy domains, respectively.Discussion and ConclusionThe priorities reflect opportunities for research priority setting within Australian general practice. The priorities provide a map for future qualitative and quantitative research that will inform safe and effective opioid prescribing.
Uma pesquisa clínica não ética e a politização da pandemia da COVID‐19 no Brasil: o caso da Prevent Senior
Authors: Hellmann Fernando , Homedes Núria 
Published: September 2022

ResumoO Senado Federal brasileiro criou uma Comissão Parlamentar de Inquérito (CPI) para investigar as irregularidades do governo Bolsonaro na gestão da pandemia da COVID‐19. Um dos casos que chamou a atenção foi a pesquisa realizada pela Prevent Senior, uma seguradora privada de saúde, sobre o tratamento precoce da COVID‐19. O artigo analisa a validade científica da pesquisa e os problemas éticos relacionados à sua implementação. Baseia‐se na análise do relatório do ensaio clínico da Prevent Senior, dos registros do ensaio clínico em plataformas do Brasil e dos EUA, do relatório da CPI do Senado e nas informações divulgadas pela mídia. Esse caso de fraude científica e viés político‐ideológico exemplifica como a Prevent Senior, usando um protocolo questionável para melhorar sua reputação e ganhar o apoio do governo, foi fundamental na construção da narrativa do “tratamento precoce” para a COVID‐19, e mostra como serviu de base para uma política pública governamental que promoveu o uso de drogas ineficazes.
Phytophagous mite performance on intact plants and leaf discs with different defence levels
Authors: Dias Cleide Rosa , Ataíde Livia Maria Silva , Meijer Tomas Tjalling , Venzon Madelaine , Pallini Angelo , Janssen Arne 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPlant quality for herbivores is usually evaluated with molecular and physiological techniques and with herbivore performance bioassays. These performance assays are usually done either on intact plants or on detached plant parts, such as leaves, leaflets, and leaf discs. It is thus far unclear how performance experiments on intact plants and on plant parts compare. Plant quality may change in detached plant parts because of the mechanical wounding inflicted, which may induce plant defences. Moreover, plant defences are often systemic, i.e., involving the entire plant, and may not be fully expressed in leaf discs. We investigated the effects of plant quality on the performance of a phytophagous mite on intact plants and on leaf discs. Plant quality was manipulated by infesting intact tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L., Solanaceae) either with a strain of the spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) that induces plant defences, or with Tetranychus evansi Baker & Pritchard, which suppresses defences, and using uninfested tomato plants as control. We subsequently evaluated the oviposition rate and survival of individual females of T. evansi on intact plants and on leaf discs as a measure of herbivore performance. The mites produced fewer eggs on detached leaf discs than on intact plants. However, the oviposition rate of T. evansi was lower on plants infested with the inducer T. urticae than on plants infested with the suppressor T. evansi, and than on uninfested plants, both on leaf discs and on intact plants. We conclude that both intact plants and leaf discs can be used to evaluate the effects of plant quality on performance of this herbivore.
Identification of mitochondrial genetic variants associated with human corneocyte size in Japanese women
Authors: Inoue Yu , Igarashi Toshio , Hasebe Yuichi , Kawagishi‐Hotta Mika , Okuno Ryosuke , Yamada Takaaki , Hasegawa Seiji 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMitochondria have their own DNA (mtDNA). Genetic variants are likely to accumulate in mtDNA, and its base substitution rate is known to be very fast, 10–20 times faster than that of nuclear DNA. For this reason, mtSNPs (mitochondrial genome single nucleotide polymorphisms) are frequently detected in mtDNA. Several thousands of copies of mtDNA are considered to be present in a cell, and variants that have occurred in mtDNA are expected to markedly affect the intracellular energy production system and ROS (reactive oxygen species) kinetics. Therefore, recently, mtSNPs have come to be considered very important as a determinant of the individual constitution such as the life‐span and disease susceptibility. In this study, we searched for mtSNPs that affect the individual corneocyte size using samples from 358 Japanese women. As a result, mtSNPs 10609C and 12406A were found to be significantly related to the corneocyte size in the outermost layer of the epidermis. There have been a large number of reports concerning the association between mtSNPs and individual constitution, but little evaluation of their relationships with epidermal properties has been made. The results of the present study first suggested that mtSNPs may affect the epidermal properties in Japanese women.
Financial resilience! A comparative study of three lower tier authorities in England
Authors: Coyle Hilary , Ferry Laurence 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAusterity policies have affected local government for over a decade challenging their financial resilience to cope with further financial shocks. Using a financial resilience framework, this paper examines whether lower tier authorities behave in the same way as their higher tier counterparts when it comes to financial resilience to shocks. From a detailed field study of three lower tier (district) authorities in English local government, it is concluded that they do not have the capacity to ‘Bounce Forwards’. They can only ‘Bounce Back’ in the short term and even that is becoming increasingly difficult.
Framing the Muslim subject, contesting the secular citizen: Tablighi Jamaat and the (trans)nationalization of Islam in Singapore
Authors: Woods Orlando 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis paper explores how the (trans)nationalization of Islam can lead to differential understandings of the Muslim subject and secular citizen in Singapore. (Trans)nationalization problematizes the state‐led regulation of religion by revealing the complexities that emerge when religious subject positions are indexed to citizenship status. Islamic expression is closely regulated in Singapore, meaning the Singaporean Muslim subject is framed by the state in secular‐first terms. Complicating this framing is the presence of Bangladeshi migrant workers, who, by virtue of their visa and residency statuses, are viewed as transient members of society and denied access to citizenship. Non‐citizenship causes a variety of Islamic expressions to become viable pathways to religious subject formation, including those associated with Islamic missionary movement, Tablighi Jamaat. By claiming these subject positions, Bangladeshi Tablighis become vectors through which Singapore's Muslim spaces are exposed to transnational Islamic influences, causing the mosque to be imbued with divergent, and sometimes contested, meanings and attributions of value.
Functional enhancement of hydroxypropyl cellulose‐based bionanocomposite films incorporating chitosan nanoparticles
Authors: Wardana Ata Aditya , Wigati Laras Putri , Tanaka Fumina , Tanaka Fumihiko 
Published: September 2022

SummaryThe aims of the present study were to investigate the effect of the incorporation of chitosan nanoparticles (ChiNPs) on the physicochemical properties and antifungal activity of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) bionanocomposite films. The films of 4% HPC and ChiNP at various dosages (0%, 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 3% w/w of HPC) were prepared. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) verified the dispersion of spherical‐shaped ChiNP in a nanoscale size range (14.75–56.74 nm). Incorporation of nanofiller affected the functional properties by increasing the film–water contact angle to >53°, improving the optical properties, and reducing water vapour permeability by 5.73–12.54%. These results were influenced by surface roughness and microstructure characteristics of a bionanocomposite film, which were confirmed using AFM and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Tensile assays of the films showed slight increases in tensile strength from 8.87 to 11.08 MPa and Young's modulus from 0.10 to 0.15 GPa with increasing proportions of ChiNP (1.5%). An effective concentration of ChiNP of 1.5% (w/w of HPC) was able to improve the performance of HPC and offered antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea, as confirmed through mycelial growth inhibition assays and by membrane integrity changes. The HPC/ChiNP bionanocomposite films may have potential applications for active packaging, particularly for fresh fruit commodities.
Effect of different roasting methods on the proximate by composition, flow properties, amino acid compositions, colour, texture, and sensory profile of the chickpeas
Authors: Tekgül Barut Yeliz , Çalışkan Koç Gülşah , Rayman Ergün Ahsen , Bozkır Hamza , Pandiselvam Ravi 
Published: September 2022

SummaryRoasting is a common process for chickpeas to improve their texture, palatability, appearance, shelf‐life, physical, and functional properties. This study aimed to determine the effect of different roasting methods (conventional, microwave, and microwave + conventional) on the proximate and amino acid compositions, powder properties, texture, and sensorial properties of the chickpeas. For this purpose three different roasting times (3, 5, and 7 min), microwave powers (100, 300, and 600 W), and microwave roasting + conventional roasting treatment (100 W + 250 °C, 300 W + 250 °C, and 600 W + 250 °C) were applied to raw chickpea samples. The moisture content and water activity values of roasted chickpeas were found to be lower than 7% (w.b.) and 0.50, respectively. The lower ash and protein contents, hygroscopicity value, wettability time and higher fat content and L* value were observed for control compared to roasted samples. The flowability behaviour of the samples was found at a fair level. Roasting methods significantly affected the amount of amino acids in chickpeas but do not reduce the nutritional quality of their proteins. The hardness value of chickpea samples from the suture and cheek angle was decreased parallel to the increase in the roasting temperature and time. The highest sensory scores in terms of general appeal were obtained from the combined group (300 W–250 °C) for 3 min.
High CX3CR1 expression predicts poor prognosis in paediatric acute myeloid leukaemia undergoing hyperleukocytosis
Authors: Mei Nan , Su Hong , Gong Sha , Du Hanzhi , Zhang Xiaojuan , Wang Lu , Wang Huaiyu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionPaediatric AML patients with hyperleukocytosis have a poor prognosis and higher early mortality. Therefore, more studies are needed to explore relevant prognostic indicators and develop effective prevention strategies for this type of childhood AML.MethodsAll original data were obtained from the TARGET database. First, we explored meaningful differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the hyperleukocytosis group and the non‐hyperleukocytosis group. Next, we screened and identified valuable target genes using univariate Cox regression, Cytoscape software, and Kaplan–Meier survival curves. Finally, the coexpressed genes, functional networks, and immune‐related activities associated with the target gene were deeply analysed by the GeneMANIA, LinkedOmics, GEPIA2021, TISIDB, and GSCA databases.ResultsWe selected 1229 DEGs between the hyperleukocytosis group and the non‐hyperleukocytosis group in paediatric AML patients. Among them, 495 DEGs were significantly linked with the overall survival of paediatric AML patients. Further, we discovered that CX3CR1 was a promising target gene. Meanwhile, we identified CX3CR1 as an independent prognostic predictor. Besides, we showed that CX3CR1 had strong physical interactions with CX3CL1. Additionally, functional network analysis suggested that CX3CR1 and its coexpressed genes modulated immune response pathways. Subsequent analysis found that immune cells with a high median value of CX3CR1 were monocytes, resting NK cells and CD8 T cells. Finally, we observed that CX3CR1 expression correlated with infiltrating levels of immune cells and immune signatures.ConclusionElevated CX3CR1 expression may be an adverse prognostic indicator in paediatric AML patients undergoing hyperleukocytosis. Moreover, CX3CR1 may serve as an immunotherapeutic target for AML with hyperleukocytosis in children.