bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synchronous Display and Whiteboard-Like Freehand Writing App as Teaching Tool for Virtual Classroom amidst the Pandemic
Authors: Lai Daniel , Sook Ling Lew , Yin Ooi Shih 
Published: March 2022

Purpose: The research evaluates if teachers can achieve better teaching outcomes by using a proposed mobile interactive system (MIS) developed for this study as an additional approach to enhancing teachers’ proficiency in Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPACK) in the virtual classroom. Background: According to previous studies, teachers’ self-assessment on TPACK might be affected by their ego because they have autonomy over the students in the classroom. Some studies suggest that utilisation of an interactive whiteboard (IWB) promotes creativity in teaching and learning but that it is unsuitable for a virtual environment due to its large size and the high maintenance costs associated with owning one in a teacher’s residence. Besides, some studies also reveal that allowing the students to assess their teachers through TPACK is able to reduce potential errors which might result from the TPACK self-assessment done by teachers. Methods: Pre- and post- experiments were conducted with the developed MIS integrated into teaching process. Synchronous display (SD) and whiteboard-like freehand writing (WFW) were features of the MIS integrated into the experimental group. Questionnaires were distributed to the students, and a reflective measurement model was formed using SmartPLS and IBM SPSS Statistics. Findings: Based on our findings, teachers’ Technological Content Knowledge had a significant positive effect on TPACK with the inclusion of MIS in online teaching. Predictive relevance was also evaluated through a Q2 value to predict the endogenous construct of the constructed model. The Q2 value was greater than zero, indicating that the model possesses a predictive relevance. Conclusion: The integration of the developed MIS in the virtual classroom has a significant positive impact on the students’ academic performance relating to concept learning and knowledge acquisition of subject matter.
Cicada minimum age tree: Cryptic speciation and exponentially increasing base substitution rates in recent geologic time
Authors: Osozawa Soichi , Wakabayashi John 
Published: March 2022

We developed a new time-calibrated tree incorporating primarily endemic along with some cryptic Ryukyu islands cicada data, following the recent publication of global cicada data by Marshall et al. (2018), Łukasik et al. (2018), Simon et al. (2019), Price et al. (2019), and Hill et al. (2021). A total of 352 specimens were analyzed using BEAST v1. X software with a relaxed clock model. Fossil calibrations as old as Triassic were adopted largely following Johnson et al. (2018) and Moulds (2018), and a Quaternary geological event calibration was adopted following Osozawa et al. (2012, 2021b) and input into BEAST v1. X. Our timetree suggests that Tettigarctidae had a cicada basal lineage as old as 200.63 Ma, with Derotettiginae the next oldest lineage at 99.2 Ma. Tibicininae is a sister of the remaining subfamilies of Tettigomyiinae, Cicadettinae, and Cicadidae, and their species level differentiation and radiation began at 40.57 Ma. The Cicadinae clade consists of specific tribes with parapheletic relationship, and the vicariance and adaptive radiation generated many cryptic species in each tribe. We estimated base substitution rate as a function of age, and the result strongly indicates an exponential increase of base substitution rate in recent geologic time. The consequent increase in cicada biodiversity, including generation of cryptic species in the Ryukyu Islands and surroundings, may have been driven by the generation and spreading of C4 grasses and coeval Quaternary climate change.
Use of a cow-side oestrus detection test for fertility management in Kenyan smallholder dairy herds.
Authors: Peters Andrew R. , Wong Johanna T. , Williams Erin J. , Muasa Bridgit S. , Makoni Nathaniel F. , Ngige Chris M. , Allan Fiona K. , Christian Michael , Ball Peter J.H. 
Published: March 2022

Background: The use of artificial insemination (AI) has great potential to improve smallholder dairy herds in Africa, however high costs and often poor success rates have been discouraging. Effective AI requires accurate oestrus detection and the measurement of progesterone (P4) can be used to indicate oestrus as well as non-pregnancy. A cow-side progesterone lateral flow test, P4 Rapid, was evaluated as an aid to detect oestrus and non-pregnancy in Kenyan dairy cows, and assessed for association with AI efficiency. Methods: A total of 527 cows were enrolled in the study, from two counties in central and southern Kenya. Cattle in the test group (n = 308) were presented when suspected to be in oestrus and tested with the P4 Rapid (low P4 = oestrus, medium P4 = inconclusive, high P4 = not in oestrus/pregnant). Cattle with low P4 were inseminated. Cattle in the control group (n = 219) were inseminated when oestrus behaviour was detected i.e. standard practice. Results: Of the total P4 Rapid tests performed (n = 745), 1.5% were inconclusive, with the true accuracy of the test between 87-97%. Conception rates were not significantly higher in the test group (83.9%) compared to the control group (77.9%). Abortion rates were not significantly different between the control (9.5%) and test groups (8.2%). In the test group, 6.2% (19/308) cows showed a medium or high P4 level on day 0 and 9 of these were subsequently found to have been already pregnant. Conclusions: The data indicated that the P4 Rapid test can be a useful tool to assist farmer decision-making in the confirmation of correct timing for AI, and importantly may avoid unnecessary inseminations in pregnant animals, thus reducing the risk of AI-induced abortion.
Complexity in shared decision making: a qualitative analysis of clinical encounters and patient/physician interviews
Authors: Witkop Catherine T. , Maggio Lauren A. , Harvey Emily J. , Torre Dario M. 
Published: March 2022

Background: Shared decision making is a complex clinical activity, for which the most effective educational interventions are unclear. Cultural Historical Activity Theory (CHAT) can be utilized as a framework to help medical educators understand and teach shared decision making. The objective of this qualitative study was to utilize CHAT to explore, through analysis of clinical encounters and interviews, patient and provider perspectives of a medical decision-making process that included use of a decision aid mobile application (app). Methods: Female patients from age 17 to 45, who sought care at a contraceptive clinic between April and June 2019, and physicians providing care in the clinic, were recruited for this study. Patients utilized the decision aid app prior to the visit. The clinical encounter and semi-structured interviews with each patient and physician were recorded. Template analysis was used to analyze the transcripts with themes including elements of activity systems within CHAT, tensions within and between activity systems, and agency. Results: In total, 21 patients and eight providers participated in the study. Evidence of CHAT elements were identified for each patient-physician dyad. In analyzing occurrences of codes across transcripts, recurring contradictions and themes emerged, such as how the app is utilized as a mediating tool and the importance of patient and physician communities. Conclusions: Through analysis of clinical encounters and focused interviews, patient and provider perspectives provided a unique understanding of the complex process of decision-making. These findings can assist educators in developing more effective teaching strategies that may lead to enhanced patient agency, effective relational agency, and successful shared decision making.
TRUE-1: Trial of Repurposed Unithiol for snakebite Envenoming phase 1 (safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in healthy Kenyan adults)
Authors: Abouyannis Michael , FitzGerald Richard , Ngama Mwanajuma , Mwangudzah Hope , Nyambura Yvonne K. , Ngome Samson , Riako Debra , Babu Lawrence , Lewa Frida , Else Laura , Dily Penchala Sujan , Orindi Benedict , Mumba Noni , Kalama Betty , Ndungu Francis M. , Adetifa Ifedayo , Khoo Saye , Lalloo David G. , Casewell Nicholas R. , Hamaluba Mainga 
Published: March 2022

Background: Snakebites affect over 5 million people each year, and over 100,000 per year die as a result. The only available treatment is antivenom, which has many shortcomings including high cost, intravenous administration, and high risk of adverse events. One of the most abundant and harmful components of viper venoms are the zinc-dependent snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMPs). Unithiol is a chelating agent which is routinely used to treat heavy metal poisoning. In vivo experiments in small animal models have demonstrated that unithiol can prevent local tissue damage and death caused by a certain viper species. This phase I clinical trial will assess the safety of ascending doses of unithiol with a view for repurposing for snakebite indication. Methods: This open label, single agent, phase I clinical trial of a repurposed drug has a primary objective to evaluate the safety of escalating doses of unithiol, and a secondary objective to describe its pharmacokinetics. In total, 64 healthy Kenyan volunteers from Kilifi County will be dosed in consecutive groups of eight, with dose escalation decisions dependent on review of safety data by an independent data safety monitoring board. Four groups will receive ascending single oral doses, two will receive multiple oral doses, and two will receive single intravenous doses. Follow-up will be for 6-months and includes full adverse event reporting. Pharmacokinetic analysis will define the Cmax, Tmax, half-life and renal elimination. Conclusions: This clinical trial will assess the safety and tolerability of a promising oral therapeutic in a relevant setting where snakebites are prevalent. Unithiol is likely to be safer than antivenom, is easier to manufacture, has activity against diverse snake species, and can be administered orally, and thus shows promise for repurposing for tropical snakebite. Pan African Clinical Trials Registry: PACTR202103718625048 (3/3/2021)
Peculiarities of modulating effects of “Myroslava” and “Khrystyna” mineral waters on neuroendocrine-immune complex and metabolism in patients of Truskavets’ spa
Authors: Popovych Igor , Gozhenko Anatoliy , Hrytsak Myroslava , Popovych Dariya , Badiuk Nataliya , Zukow Walery 
Published: March 2022

Background. Earlier we found effects on the neuroendocrine-immune complex and metabolism, which are common to the mineral waters "Myroslava" and "Khrystyna", instead different from the effects of Naftussya water. The purpose of this article is to find the specific effects of these waters. Materials and Methods. The object of clinical-physiological observation were 22 men aged 23-70 years, who underwent rehabilitation treatment of chronic cholecystitis and pyelonephritis in remission in the Truskavets’ spa. The examination was performed twice, before and after a 7-10-day course of balneotherapy. Half of the patients received bioactive water Naftussya and sulfate-chloride sodium-magnesium mineral water "Myroslava" (M 5 g/L), and the other half - Naftussya and "Khrystyna" (M 10 g/L). The subject of the study were the parameters of the neuroendocrine-immune complex, microbiota, cholekinetics and metabolism. Results. Screening revealed specific changes in 37 parameters grouped into 5 patterns. The first pattern combines 11 parameters that decrease under the influence of "Myroslava" water (Myr), while increase under the influence of "Khrystyna" water (Khr). For the other 7 parameters of the second pattern, Myr acts similarly, while Khr is ineffective. Both mineral waters have a stimulating effect on 8 parameters, while Myr is inferior to Khr. Myr has a upregulating effect on 9 parameters of the fourth pattern, while Khr has a downregulating effect. Finally, sodium excretion and leukocyturia are reduced under the influence of both waters, but to a greater extent under the influence of Khr. Conclusion. The newly created sulfate-chloride sodium-magnesium drinking mineral waters of Truskavets’ spa have both common and specific favorable modulating neuroendocrine, metabolic and immune effects on patients with chronic cholecystitis and pyelonephritis.
Clinical Tips to Improve the Restorative Management of Hypodontia: Part 1
Authors: Patel Kajal B , Woolley Julian , Kelleher Martin 
Published: March 2022

Hypodontia is defined as the developmental absence of one or several teeth. Management of these cases can appear to be complex, but many aspects of the treatment could be managed in primary care. This article aims to enhance understanding and improve confidence in managing hypodontia cases in an appropriate way. This article is the first part of a two-part series providing clinical tips to improve the restorative management of hypodontia. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Many aspects of hypodontia can be managed effectively by interested and experienced GDPs who wish to treat suitable cases, while more complex cases can be referred for management by multidisciplinary teams in secondary care.
How to Maximize the Usefulness of Behaviour Change Conversations with Patients during Routine Dental Consultations
Authors: Goldthorpe Joanna , Pretty Iain , Hart Jo , Cotterill Sarah , Peters Sarah 
Published: March 2022

Clinicians can use behaviour change techniques effectively in routine consultations in healthcare settings, including dentistry. Professional guidelines support their use for preventing and managing a range of dental diseases. Theory and evidence from behavioural science can inform effective behaviour change interventions. This article examines the relevance of these techniques to the whole dental team and how they can be implemented within routine dental consultations. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Guidance and recommendations on how to support patients to change behaviours to promote oral (and general) health.
Nasopalatine Canal Supernumerary: A Case Report
Authors: Joshi Nikhil , Zaheer Khaleda , Breen Maeve , Shah Rupal 
Published: March 2022

This case report discusses the incidental finding of a very unusually positioned supernumerary tooth in a 9-year-old male patient which presented to our oral and maxillofacial department. Along with two other unerupted conical supernumeraries in the anterior maxilla, this supernumerary was uniquely located within the nasopalatine canal extending into the base of the right nasal fossa. The abnormal morphology of this supernumerary was consistent with the presentation of a compound odontoma. CPD/Clinical Relevance: This report highlights the value of three-dimensional imaging in managing such cases, surgical approaches to remove the impacted teeth and evaluates the need for removal of these supernumerary teeth.
Implementation of a real-time star centroid extraction algorithm with high speed and superior denoising ability
Authors: Ding Jianqun , Dai Dongkai , Tan Wenfeng , Wang Xingshu , Qin Shiqiao 
Published: March 2022

Star tracker is the most precise attitude measuring device, and its advantages include a high resolution and high update rate. Star centroid extraction, which is a very time-consuming process, has great influence on the attitude update rate. This paper proposes a real-time star centroid extraction algorithm based on a field programmable gate array. First, a 1D top-hat filter is used for star segmentation, which is suitable for both uniform and nonuniform background conditions. Second, multichannel image data is reorganized together into a complete frame through image stitching, which prevents the star spots on the channel boundary from being divided into different parts. Finally, star coordinates are extracted by the center-of-mass algorithm. For an image sensor with a resolution of

2048
×
2048

pixels, simulation results conducted by a ModelSim simulator show that the star centroid processing time of a single frame is roughly 5.2 ms. Real night experiments demonstrate that the standard deviation of a star centroid error is within

10

−
2

pixel and the standard deviation of attitude is (2.6 2.2 12.0) arcseconds, which proves that the proposed star centroid extraction algorithm can work continuously and stably.
Optimizing two-dimensional polarization-diversity metagrating couplers for silicon photonics
Authors: Tu Xin , Wu Yiheng , Huang Tianye , Zhang Jing , Ping Perry Shum 
Published: March 2022

Polarization-diversity couplers are promising industrially scalable optical devices that can couple optical signals with unknown polarization states into silicon photonic chips. Here we propose a novel, to the best of our knowledge, two-dimensional (2D) metagrating coupler (MGC) for the polarization-diversity system, which improves its coupling efficiency for both polarizations. Compared with the previously reported 2D grating couplers (GCs) with identical grating cells, the proposed apodized design gradually changes the aspect ratio and orientation angles of the elliptical patterns simultaneously. This 2D array of the varied grating cells modulates the diffracted mode field patterns and phases locally, and achieves a better overlap with the Gaussian fiber modes for both polarizations. The peak coupling loss (PCL) for the S-polarized and P-polarized light are

−

1.6

d
B

and

−

2.7

d
B

, respectively. The calculated polarization dependent loss is lower than 0.2 dB from 1522 nm to 1540 nm. The device is robust to the fabrication tolerance and fiber misalignment. The simulated fabrication tolerance analysis show that the etch depth error of ±20 nm results in less than 0.3 dB and 0.1 dB PCL drop, while the grating cell feature size error of

±
40

n
m

results in less than 0.6 dB and 0.2 dB PCL drop for both types of polarization light, respectively. The fiber misalignment should be within the range from

−

2

µ

m

to

+

2

µ

m

in two perpendicular directions, and the coupling angle deviation should be within the range from

−

3

∘

to

+

3

∘

, in order to assure 0.5 dB penalty loss for both polarizations. The performance of the design is insensitive to the mask misalignments. To assure 0.5 dB penalty loss for both polarizations,

Δ
θ

is suggested to be within the range from

−

3

∘

to

+

3

∘

.
Bayesian latent class models for identifying canine visceral leishmaniosis using diagnostic tests in the absence of a gold standard
Authors: Ozanne Marie V. , Brown Grant D. , Scorza Breanna M. , Mahachi Kurayi , Toepp Angela J. , Petersen Christine A. 
Published: March 2022

Background
Like many infectious diseases, there is no practical gold standard for diagnosing clinical visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Latent class modeling has been proposed to estimate a latent gold standard for identifying disease. These proposed models for VL have leveraged information from diagnostic tests with dichotomous serological and PCR assays, but have not employed continuous diagnostic test information.

Methods/Principal findings
In this paper, we employ Bayesian latent class models to improve the identification of canine visceral leishmaniasis using the dichotomous PCR assay and the Dual Path Platform (DPP) serology test. The DPP test has historically been used as a dichotomous assay, but can also yield numerical information via the DPP reader. Using data collected from a cohort of hunting dogs across the United States, which were identified as having either negative or symptomatic disease, we evaluate the impact of including numerical DPP reader information as a proxy for immune response. We find that inclusion of DPP reader information allows us to illustrate changes in immune response as a function of age.

Conclusions/Significance
Utilization of continuous DPP reader information can improve the correct discrimination between individuals that are negative for disease and those with clinical VL. These models provide a promising avenue for diagnostic testing in contexts with multiple, imperfect diagnostic tests. Specifically, they can easily be applied to human visceral leishmaniasis when diagnostic test results are available. Also, appropriate diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis has important consequences for curtailing spread of disease to humans.
Analysis of spontaneous labor progression of breech presentation at term
Authors: Benmessaoud Ines , Jamey Margot , Monard Barbara , Metz Jean-Patrick , Bourtembourg-Matras Aude , Ramanah Rajeev , Riethmuller Didier , Hedjoudje Abdellah , Mottet Nicolas 
Published: March 2022

Background
Cervical dilatation curves are widely used to describe normal and abnormal labor progression for cephalic presentation. Labor curves for breech presentations have never been described.

Objectives
The aims of this study were to examine the pattern of labor progression in women with a breech presentation and to determine whether the type of breech or parity can influence the speed of cervical dilatation.

Study design
We analyzed the labor data from 349 women with a term, singleton, and breech fetus after spontaneous onset of labor in 2010–2018. Cesarean deliveries were excluded. The patterns of labor progression were described by examining the relationship between the elapsed times from the full dilatation and cervical dilatation stages. Average labor curves were developed using repeated-measures analysis with 3rd degree polynomial modeling. The results were interpreted according to parity and the type of breech.

Results
The first stage of labor progression was divided into a latency phase from 0 to 5 cm of dilatation and an active phase from 5 to 10 cm. In the active phase, the median speed of cervical dilatation was 1.67 cm/h [1.25, 2.61] (2 cm/h for multipara and 1.54 cm/h for nullipara). The difference by parity was significant in the active phase (p< 0.05). The cervical dilatation rate from 3 cm to 10 cm did not significantly differ between the complete and frank breeches (1.56 cm/h vs 1.75 cm/h, p = 0.48). However, the median cervical dilatation rate from 8 cm to complete dilatation was faster for complete breeches (1.92 cm/h versus 1.33 cm/h, p = 0.045).

Conclusion
As with cephalic presentation, the first stage of labor progression for breech presentation can be divided into a latent and active phase. Labor progression should be interpreted with respect to parity, and women should be informed that the type of breech does not seem to influence the cervical dilatation rate when there is adequate management.