bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do multiple types of confirmatory tests improve performance in predicting subtypes of primary aldosteronism?
Authors: Kaneko Hiroki , Umakoshi Hironobu , Fukumoto Tazuru , Wada Norio , Ichijo Takamasa , Sakamoto Shohei , Watanabe Tetsuhiro , Ishihara Yuki , Tagami Tetsuya , Ogata Masatoshi , Iwahashi Norifusa , Yokomoto‐Umakoshi Maki , Matsuda Yayoi , Sakamoto Ryuichi , Ogawa Yoshihiro 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe clinical practice guideline for primary aldosteronism (PA) places a high value on confirmatory tests to sparing patients with false‐positive results in case detection from undergoing adrenal venous sampling (AVS). However, it is unclear whether multiple types of confirmatory tests are more useful than a single type. To evaluate whether the machine‐learned combination of two confirmatory tests is more useful in predicting subtypes of PA than each test alone.DesignA retrospective cross‐sectional study in referral centres.PatientsThis study included 615 patients with PA randomly assigned to the training and test data sets. The participants underwent saline infusion test (SIT) and captopril challenge test (CCT) and were subtyped by AVS (unilateral, n = 99; bilateral, n = 516).MeasurementsThe area under the curve (AUC) and clinical usefulness using decision curve analysis for the subtype prediction in the test data set.ResultsThe AUCs for the combination of SIT and CCT, SIT alone and CCT alone were 0.850, 0.813 and 0.786, respectively, with no significant differences between them. The AUC for the baseline clinical characteristics alone was 0.872, whereas the AUCs for these combined with SIT, combined with CCT and combined with both SIT and CCT were 0.868, 0.854 and 0.855, respectively, with no significant improvement in AUC. The additional clinical usefulness of the second confirmatory test was unremarkable on decision curve analysis.ConclusionsOur data suggest that patients with positive case detection undergo one confirmatory test to determine the indication for AVS.
Low serum magnesium is associated with poor functional outcome in acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack patients
Authors: Xu Qin , Hu Lele , Chen Lu , Li Hao , Tian Xue , Zuo Yingting , Zhang Yijun , Zhang Xiaoli , Sun Ping , Wang Yongjun , Meng Xia , Wang Anxin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimThe association between magnesium and outcomes after stroke is uncertain. We aimed to investigate the association of serum magnesium with all‐cause mortality and poor functional outcome.MethodsWe included patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) or transient ischemic attack (TIA) from the China National Stroke Registry III. We used Cox proportional hazards model for all‐cause mortality and logistic regression model for poor functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] 2–6/3–6) to examine the relationships.ResultsAmong the 6483 patients, the median (interquartile range) magnesium was 0.87 (0.80–0.93) mmol/L. Patients in the first quartile had a higher risk of mRS score 3–6/2–6 at 3 months (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 1.30; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02, 1.64; adjusted OR: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.04–1.59) compared with those in the fourth quartile. Similar results were found for mRS score 26 at 1 year. The age‐ and sex‐adjusted hazard ratio (HR) with 95% CI in first quartile magnesium was 1.40 (1.02–1.93) for all‐cause mortality within 1 year, but became insignificant (HR: 1.03; 95% CI: 0.71–1.50) after adjusting for potential variables.ConclusionsLow serum magnesium was associated with a high risk of poor functional outcome in patients with AIS or TIA.
Brain‐clinical signatures for vagus nerve stimulation response
Authors: Guo Zhihao , Mo Jiajie , Zhang Chao , Zhang Jianguo , Hu Wenhan , Zhang Kai 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimVagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is a valuable treatment for drug‐resistant epilepsy (DRE) without the indication of surgical resection. The clinical heterogeneity of DRE has limited the optimal indication of choice and diagnosis prediction. The study aimed to explore the correlations of brain‐clinical signatures with the clinical phenotype and VNS responsiveness.MethodsA total of 89 DRE patients, including VNS‐ (n = 44) and drug‐treated (n = 45) patients, were retrospectively recruited. The brain‐clinical signature consisted of demographic information and brain structural deformations, which were measured using deformation‐based morphometry and presented as Jacobian determinant maps. The efficacy and presurgical differences between these two cohorts were compared. Then, the potential of predicting VNS response using brain‐clinical signature was investigated according to the different prognosis evaluation approaches.ResultsThe seizure reduction was higher in the VNS‐treated group (42.50%) as compared to the drug‐treated group (12.09%) (p = 0.11). Abnormal imaging representation, showing encephalomalacia (pcorrected = 0.03), was commonly observed in the VNS‐treated group (p = 0.04). In the patients treated with VNS, the mild/subtle brain abnormalities indicated higher seizure frequency (p = 0.03) and worse VNS response (p = 0.04). The partial least square regression analysis showed a moderate prediction potential of brain‐clinical signature for VNS response (p < 0.01). The increase in the pre‐VNS seizure frequency and structural etiology could indicate a worse prognosis (higher McHugh classification).ConclusionThe brain‐clinical signature illustrated its clinical potential in predicting the VNS response, which might allow clinicians to personalize treatment decisions for DRE patients.
Contribution of visual stimuli to mating and fighting behaviors of Drosophila prolongata
Authors: Takau Ayumi , Matsuo Takashi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe importance of visual stimuli in a given behavior is often different, even between closely related species. Species of the genus Drosophila have been categorized into three classes according to their reproductive dependency on vision. Class I and II species reproduce in the darkness, whereas class III species never reproduce without vision. Therefore, in class III species, mutants at the white locus that are deprived of normal visual function are not able to be established as homozygous stocks. Drosophila prolongata is a species with a conspicuous body color pattern, suggesting that an increased importance of visual stimuli underlies the evolution of this species. In this study, to examine the behavioral dependency on visual stimuli in D. prolongata, we generated white gene‐knockout (w−) mutants using the CRISPR/Cas9 system and examined their mating and fighting behaviors in light and dark conditions. The courtship and fighting activities of w− males were extremely reduced regardless of the light condition. Furthermore, wildtype males did not perform any courtship or fighting behaviors in dark conditions. Our results showed that D. prolongata is a class III species that strongly relies on visual stimuli in both behaviors.
Segmentation and classification of ovarian cancer based on conditional adversarial image to image translation approach
Authors: Kodipalli Ashwini , Devi Susheela , Dasar Santosh , Ismail Taha 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMedical image analysis and disease diagnosis have significantly improved with the use of AI and Machine Learning algorithms. Automated systems for medical image analysis will help the doctors and radiologists understand the anomaly in a short span of time and with better visualization. Such automated systems will help to reduce the time taken for diagnosis by experts. Recently, Computer Vision is industrialized with the advancements in algorithms and hardware. The proposed study aims to develop a computer vision solution for automatic segmentation and classification of ovarian tumours in discriminating between benign and malignant tumours by image‐to‐image translation approach using Conditional Generative Adversarial Network (cGAN). Our method uses a novel algorithm which segments and classifies the images in a single pipeline which makes the algorithm unique and useful. This research also aims to compare its diagnostic accuracy with that of an expert radiologist. The dataset used by in the present study is formulated with images obtained from a hospital and annotated by doctors from the hospital. The obtained results show the proposed study is promising for ovarian cancer segmentation and classification with an average segmentation score of 0.825 for benign and 0.765 for malignant and classification accuracy of 83% for benign and 79% for malignant, precision score of 85% for benign and 80% for malignant and F1 score of 81% for benign and 80.1% for malignant images. The proposed methodology is evaluated on the existing MRI images to perform segmentation and classification. The results obtained shows that the proposed methodology can perform well on other MRI images. In this study, proposed methodology is convenient as separate segmentation need not be done and is giving good result. The same MRI images are segmented using UNet and classified using RESNET 101 and results are compared with the proposed methodology.
Reversible switching and stability of the epigenetic memory system in bacteria
Authors: Graf Dimitri , Laistner Laura , Klingel Viviane , Radde Nicole E. , Weirich Sara , Jeltsch Albert 
Published: November 2022

In previous work, we have developed a DNA methylation‐based epigenetic memory system that operates in Escherichia coli to detect environmental signals, trigger a phenotypic switch of the cells and store the information in DNA methylation. The system is based on the CcrM DNA methyltransferase and a synthetic zinc finger (ZnF4), which binds DNA in a CcrM methylation‐dependent manner and functions as a repressor for a ccrM gene expressed together with an egfp reporter gene. Here, we developed a reversible reset for this memory system by adding an increased concentration of ZnSO4 to the bacterial cultivation medium and demonstrate that one bacterial culture could be reversibly switched ON and OFF in several cycles. We show that a previously developed differential equation model of the memory system can also describe the new data. Then, we studied the long‐term stability of the ON‐state of the system over approximately 100 cell divisions showing a gradual loss of ON‐state signal starting after 4 days of cultivation that is caused by individual cells switching from an ON‐ into the OFF‐state. Over time, the methylation of the ZnF4‐binding sites is not fully maintained leading to an increased OFF switching probability of cells, because stronger binding of ZnF4 to partially demethylated operator sites leads to further reductions in the cellular concentrations of CcrM. These data will support future design to further stabilize the ON‐state and enforce the binary switching behaviour of the system. Together with the development of a reversible OFF switch, our new findings strongly increase the capabilities of bacterial epigenetic biosensors.
Primary mucosal melanomas of the head and neck are characterised by overexpression of the DNA mutating enzyme APOBEC3B
Authors: Argyris Prokopios P , Naumann Jordan , Jarvis Matthew C , Wilkinson Peter E , Ho Dan P , Islam Mohammed N , Bhattacharyya Indraneel , Gopalakrishnan Rajaram , Li Faqian , Koutlas Ioannis G , Giubellino Alessio , Harris Reuben S 
Published: November 2022

AimsPrimary head/neck mucosal melanomas (MMs) are rare and exhibit aggressive biologic behaviour and elevated mutational loads. The molecular mechanisms responsible for high genomic instability observed in head/neck MMs remain elusive. The DNA cytosine deaminase APOBEC3B (A3B) constitutes a major endogenous source of mutation in human cancer. A3B‐related mutations are identified through C‐to‐T/−G base substitutions in 5′‐TCA/T motifs. Herein, we present immunohistochemical and genomic data supportive of a role for A3B in head/neck MMs.Methods and resultsA3B protein levels were assessed in oral (n = 13) and sinonasal (n = 13) melanomas, and oral melanocytic nevi (n = 13) by immunohistochemistry using a custom rabbit α‐A3B mAb (5210‐87‐13). Heterogeneous, selective‐to‐diffuse, nuclear only, A3B immunopositivity was observed in 12 of 13 (92.3%) oral melanomas (H‐score range = 9–72, median = 40) and 8 of 13 (62%) sinonasal melanomas (H‐score range = 1–110, median = 24). Two cases negative for A3B showed prominent cytoplasmic staining consistent with A3G. A3B protein levels were significantly higher in oral and sinonasal MMs than intraoral melanocytic nevi (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.0022, respectively), which were A3B‐negative (H‐score range = 1–8, median = 4). A3B levels, however, did not differ significantly between oral and sinonasal tumours (P > 0.99). NGS performed in 10 sinonasal MMs revealed missense NRAS mutations in 50% of the studied cases and one each KIT and HRAS mutations. Publicly available whole‐genome sequencing (WGS) data disclosed that the number of C‐to‐T mutations and APOBEC3 enrichment score were markedly elevated in head/neck MMs (n = 2).ConclusionThe above data strongly indicate a possible role for the mutagenic enzyme A3B in head/neck melanomagenesis, but not benign melanocytic neoplasms.
Myelofibrosis progression grading based on type I and type III collagen and fibrillin 1 expression boosted by whole slide image analysis
Authors: Szekely Tamas , Wichmann Barna , Maros Mate E , Csizmadia Annamaria , Bodor Csaba , Timar Botond , Krenacs Tibor 
Published: November 2022

Aims: The progression of primary myelofibrosis is characterised by ongoing extracellular matrix deposition graded based on ‘reticulin’ and ‘collagen’ fibrosis, as revealed by Gomori's silver impregnation. Here we studied the expression of the major extracellular matrix proteins of fibrosis in relation to diagnostic silver grading supported by image analysis.Methods and results: By using automated immunohistochemistry, in this study we demonstrate that the expression of both types I and III collagens and fibrillin 1 by bone marrow stromal cells can reveal the extracellular matrix scaffolding in line with myelofibrosis progression as classified by silver grading. ‘Reticulin’ fibrosis indicated by type III collagen expression and ‘collagen’ fibrosis featured by type I collagen expression were parallel, rather than sequential, events. This is line with the proposed role of type III collagen in regulating type I collagen fibrillogenesis. The uniformly strong fibrillin 1 immune signals offered the best inter‐rater agreements and the highest statistical correlations with silver grading of the three markers, which was robustly confirmed by automated whole slide digital image analysis using a machine learning‐based algorithm. The progressive up‐regulation of fibrillin 1 during myelofibrosis may result from a negative feedback loop as fibrillin microfibrils sequester TGF‐β, the major promoter of fibrosis. This can also reduce TGF‐β‐induced RANKL levels, which would stimulate osteoclastogenesis and thus can support osteosclerosis in advanced myelofibrosis.Conclusions: Through the in‐situ detection of these extracellular matrix proteins, our results verify the molecular pathobiology of fibrosis during myelofibrosis progression. In particular, fibrillin 1 immunohistochemistry, with or without image analysis, can complement diagnostic silver grading at decent cell morphology.
Eusociality as a neglected aspect of wild bee α‐diversity and its potential impact on diversity estimation
Authors: Ferrari Andrea , Polidori Carlo 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Bees provide important ecosystem services and are subjects of extensive studies on their α‐diversity, which is generally calculated with indices that integrate the number of species with their abundances. Variation in social behaviour, though expected to impact genetic diversity, is still largely neglected in such studies.
We propose a simple method to show how sociality may affect diversity indices, when a surrogate of genetic diversity is taken into account. This method weighs the number of sampled females (N) to obtain new abundance values (NW), by taking into account relevant biological traits affecting genetic structure of populations, that is, the number of (natal) nests from which the sampled females originated (which depends on brood productivity and sex ratio) and the genetic relatedness among such females.
Solitary species tend to have greater NW than eusocial ones especially at larger sample sizes. Across studies on 121 bee communities, we found that Taxonomic distinctness, Shannon–Wiener diversity and Gini–Simpson dominance tended to be greater when based on NW rather than on N. Such differences increased in communities with decreasing number of eusocial species and with increasing proportion of individuals from eusocial species.
The results suggest that taking into account the social organisation of wild bees may have important consequences in estimating α‐diversity, thus claiming for future efforts in collecting biological data on as many wild bee species as possible to improve the precision of NW estimations. For example, stressors affecting more solitary bees could impoverish communities dominated by few but abundant eusocial species, more than expected by using unweighted abundances.
Leadership training in dermatology: a narrative review
Authors: Hengy Meredith , Farooqui Sara , Dimitrion Peter , Fotouhi Audrey , Daveluy Steven 
Published: November 2022

AbstractEffective leadership is imperative for dermatologists and clinically has been shown to improve team efficacy, patient outcomes, and staff engagement, as well as reduce physician burnout and medical errors. Dermatologists are expected to exercise leadership in a variety of contexts during their professional careers, but despite the demonstrated benefit of effective leadership on improving clinical outcomes and reducing burnout, there is a lack of formal leadership training in residency programs, especially in the field of dermatology. The purpose of this review is to elucidate the current understanding of effective leadership for dermatologists, with a focus on leadership models and select strategies that dermatologists may implement in their daily practice to become more efficacious leaders. This review also seeks to provide a summary of existing opportunities for leadership in the field of dermatology. A narrative review was performed in 2022 examining leadership models as determined by the top results in PubMed with search term “Leadership Models”. These models were then related to the field of dermatology. In addition, existing leadership opportunities, as determined through PubMed and Google searches, were reviewed and summarized. There are several medical and non‐medical leadership models that can be applied to the field of dermatology. There are many opportunities to gain leadership experience for dermatologists and dermatologists in training; however, there is still a demonstrated need for more opportunities. Through the application of basic leadership principles, dermatologists will experience improved satisfaction and enhanced outcomes.
A critique of gender‐blind migration theories and data sources
Authors: Bircan Tuba , Yilmaz Sinem 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDespite this being the era of migration, no systematic theory of international migration has emerged, nor is there an academic or political agreement on ways in which migration is a ‘gendered’ process. Both theoretically and as inputs in the policy‐making process, gender‐blind approaches have actually rendered the gender dimension of migration more or less invisible. Through an in‐depth examination of the place of gender in the key theories of migration and relevant sources of data, the paper seeks to take stock of how these theories treat this dimension and investigate the cross‐sectional challenges in uncovering gender in international migration data. It, therefore, provides a critical review of both theory and data by shedding much‐needed light on their neglect of the gender aspects. Our findings based on a conceptual review of the literature and a case study based on Eurostat data on migration drivers demonstrate that migration theories and statistics typically equate gender with sex, which limits our ability to develop a comprehensive understanding of how complex gender dimensions shape the migration process. Moreover, given the extent to which existing data and theories overlook the intersectionality between the drivers of migration and diversity within migrant groups, this gap in knowledge presents an obstacle to gender‐responsive migration governance. In light of this, the paper discusses priorities for ‘gendering’ international migration research. We argue that in addition to improving accuracy and coverage of sex‐disaggregated statistics on international migration, both regular and irregular, it is crucial to develop quantitative as well as qualitative indicators to monitor the gender dimension in this area.
Periodontitis is associated with the development of fungal sinusitis: A nationwide 12‐year follow‐up study
Authors: Kim Min Gul , Kang Min Gu , Lee Min Gyu , Yang Seong J. , Yeom Sang Woo , Lee Jong Hwan , Choi Sang Moon , Yoon Ji Hyun , Lee Eun Jung , Noh Sang Jae , Kim Min‐Su , Kim Jong Seung 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimThe incidence of fungal sinusitis is increasing; however, its pathophysiology has not been investigated previously. We investigate the effect of periodontitis on the incidence of fungal sinusitis over a 12‐year follow‐up period using nationwide population‐based data.Materials and MethodsThe periodontitis group was randomly selected from the National Health Insurance Service database. The non‐periodontitis group was obtained by propensity score matching considering several variables. The primary end point was the diagnosis of sinonasal fungal balls (SFBs) and invasive fungal sinusitis (IFS).ResultsThe periodontitis and non‐periodontitis groups included 12,442 and 12,442 individuals, respectively. The overall adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) for SFBs in the periodontitis group was 1.46 (p = .002). In subgroup analysis, the aHR for SFBs was 1.59 (p = 0.008) for those with underlying chronic kidney disease (CKD), 1.58 (p = .022) for those with underlying atopic dermatitis, 1.48 (p = .019) for those with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and 1.36 (p = .030) for those with diabetes mellitus (DM), but these values are applicable only when considering the relationship between periodontitis and SFB. The aHR for IFS in the periodontitis group was higher than in the non‐periodontitis group (2.80; p = .004).ConclusionsThe risk of SFBs and IFS increased after diagnosis of periodontitis. This trend is often more severe in patients with DM, COPD, or CKD, but this association with underlying diseases is applicable only when considering the association between periodontitis and fungal sinusitis.
Targeted census of lionfishes (Scorpaenidae) reveals high densities in their native range
Authors: Cowan Zara‐Louise , Brooker Rohan M. , Gasc Julien , Gache Camille , Lecchini David , Feeney William E. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIndo‐Pacific lionfishes generally exhibit cryptic behaviours and so can be missed when conducting non‐targeted surveys. Here, the authors report the results from targeted surveys of lionfish at Moorea, French Polynesia. Lionfish from three species (Pterois antennata, Pterois radiata, Dendrochirus biocellatus) were observed at a mean density of 267 individuals ha−1. This is substantially higher than previous estimates from the same area (Moorea) and represents the highest reported density of lionfishes from their Pacific range. Overall, this study highlights the importance of targeted survey techniques for detecting cryptic species on coral reefs.