bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An online parenting intervention to prevent affective disorders in high-risk adolescents: the PIPA trial protocol
Authors: Connor C. , Yap M. B. H. , Warwick J. , Birchwood M. , De Valliere N , Madan J. , Melvin G. A. , Padfield E. , Patterson P. , Petrou S. , Raynes K. , Stewart-Brown S. , Thompson A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Adolescent depression can place a young person at high risk of recurrence and a range of psychosocial and vocational impairments in adult life, highlighting the importance of early recognition and prevention. Parents/carers are well placed to notice changes in their child’s emotional wellbeing which may indicate risk, and there is increasing evidence that modifiable factors exist within the family system that may help reduce the risk of depression and anxiety in an adolescent. A randomised controlled trial (RCT) of the online personalised ‘Partners in Parenting’ programme developed in Australia, focused on improving parenting skills, knowledge and awareness, showed that it helped reduce depressive symptoms in adolescents who had elevated symptom levels at baseline. We have adapted this programme and will conduct an RCT in a UK setting.

Methods
In total, 433 family dyads (parents/carers and children aged 11–15) will be recruited through schools, social media and parenting/family groups in the UK. Following completion of screening measures of their adolescent’s depressive symptoms, parents/carers of those with elevated scores will be randomised to receive either the online personalised parenting programme or a series of online factsheets about adolescent development and wellbeing. The primary objective will be to test whether the personalised parenting intervention reduces depressive symptoms in adolescents deemed at high risk, using the parent-reported Short Mood & Feelings Questionnaire. Follow-up assessments will be undertaken at 6 and 15 months and a process evaluation will examine context, implementation and impact of the intervention. An economic evaluation will also be incorporated with cost-effectiveness of the parenting intervention expressed in terms of incremental cost per quality-adjusted life year gained.

Discussion
Half of mental health problems emerge before mid-adolescence and approximately three-quarters by mid-20s, highlighting the need for effective preventative strategies. However, few early interventions are family focused and delivered online. We aim to conduct a National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) funded RCT of the online personalised ‘Partners in Parenting’ programme, proven effective in Australia, targeting adolescents at risk of depression to evaluate its effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and usability in a UK setting.

Trial registration {2a}
ISRCTN63358736. Registered 18 September 2019.
Cardiac manifestations of multisystem inflammatory syndrome
Authors: Nowakowska Izabela , Osiejewska Aleksandra , Grądzik Anna , Mikut Karolina , Kudan Małgorzata , Wojtachnio Dominika , Bartoszewicz Jakub , Gorajek Anna 
Published: August 2022

Introduction and purpose:
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS) in children and adolescents is an excessive inflammatory response syndrome after storage of COVID-19, which can lead to serious complications. The course of the disease may vary from mild to requiring intensive therapy. In our review, we try to draw attention to the importance of cardiological complications and present the currently used treatment. In medical professionals vigilant should be increased in order to early recognize this disease, and to be alert to the need for early cardiological evaluation and follow-up.
Description of the state of knowledge:
MIS can cause myocardial dysfunction, shock, coronary artery lesions, pericardial effusion, valvulitis, and electrophysiological abnormalities. Patients may require intensive medical care, careful fluid therapy, the use of pressor amines and, in rare cases, extra corporeal membranę oxygenation (ECMO). Coronary aneurysms are the most important long-term complication of MIS. They occur in up to 25% of patients. Most abnormalities are retreated within 2-3 months. MIS has a good prognosis with a mortality rate of 2%.
Summary:
Cardiac complications, although serious, rarely require urgent intervention. Patients with diagnosed dilatation of the coronary arteries or aneurysm require intensive medical review in the initial period of recovery. The control must include a medical examination, ECG, ECHO and evaluation of markers of myocardial damage. Patients who have undergone MIS should be released from physical education for at least 6 weeks or until the changes in the coronary arteries disappear. The lesions resolve spontaneously in 2-3 months in most patients and do not recur, suggesting the possibility of waiving long-term patient follow-up.
Environmental sustainability in orthopaedic surgery
Authors: Phoon Kar May , Afzal Irrum , Sochart David H. , Asopa Vipin , Gikas Panagiotis , Kader Deiary 
Published: August 2022

AimsIn the UK, the NHS generates an estimated 25 megatonnes of carbon dioxide equivalents (4% to 5% of the nation’s total carbon emissions) and produces over 500,000 tonnes of waste annually. There is limited evidence demonstrating the principles of sustainability and its benefits within orthopaedic surgery. The primary aim of this study was to analyze the environmental impact of orthopaedic surgery and the environmentally sustainable initiatives undertaken to address this. The secondary aim of this study was to describe the barriers to making sustainable changes within orthopaedic surgery.MethodsA literature search was performed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines through EMBASE, Medline, and PubMed libraries using two domains of terms: “orthopaedic surgery” and “environmental sustainability”.ResultsA total of 13 studies were included in the final analysis. All papers studied the environmental impact of orthopaedic surgery in one of three areas: waste management, resource consumption, and carbon emissions. Waste segregation was a prevalent issue and described by nine studies, with up to 74.4% of hazardous waste being generated. Of this, six studies reported recycling waste and up to 43.9% of waste per procedure was recyclable. Large joint arthroplasties generated the highest amount of recyclable waste per procedure. Three studies investigated carbon emissions from intraoperative consumables, sterilization methods, and through the use of telemedicine. One study investigated water wastage and demonstrated that simple changes to practice can reduce water consumption by up to 63%. The two most common barriers to implementing environmentally sustainable changes identified across the studies was a lack of appropriate infrastructure and lack of education and training.ConclusionEnvironmental sustainability in orthopaedic surgery is a growing area with a wide potential for meaningful change. Further research to cumulatively study the carbon footprint of orthopaedic surgery and the wider impact of environmentally sustainable changes is necessary. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2022;3(8):628–640.
An artificial intelligence model to identify snakes from across the world: Opportunities and challenges for global health and herpetology
Authors: Bolon Isabelle , Picek Lukáš , Durso Andrew M. , Alcoba Gabriel , Chappuis François , Ruiz de Castañeda Rafael 
Published: August 2022

Background
Snakebite envenoming is a neglected tropical disease that kills an estimated 81,000 to 138,000 people and disables another 400,000 globally every year. The World Health Organization aims to halve this burden by 2030. To achieve this ambitious goal, we need to close the data gap in snake ecology and snakebite epidemiology and give healthcare providers up-to-date knowledge and access to better diagnostic tools. An essential first step is to improve the capacity to identify biting snakes taxonomically. The existence of AI-based identification tools for other animals offers an innovative opportunity to apply machine learning to snake identification and snakebite envenoming, a life-threatening situation.

Methodology
We developed an AI model based on Vision Transformer, a recent neural network architecture, and a comprehensive snake photo dataset of 386,006 training photos covering 198 venomous and 574 non-venomous snake species from 188 countries. We gathered photos from online biodiversity platforms (iNaturalist and HerpMapper) and a photo-sharing site (Flickr).

Principal findings
The model macro-averaged F1 score, which reflects the species-wise performance as averaging performance for each species, is 92.2%. The accuracy on a species and genus level is 96.0% and 99.0%, respectively. The average accuracy per country is 94.2%. The model accurately classifies selected venomous and non-venomous lookalike species from Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa.

Conclusions
To our knowledge, this model’s taxonomic and geographic coverage and performance are unprecedented. This model could provide high-speed and low-cost snake identification to support snakebite victims and healthcare providers in low-resource settings, as well as zoologists, conservationists, and nature lovers from across the world.
Test combination to detect latent Leishmania infection: A prevalence study in a newly endemic area for L. infantum, northeastern Italy
Authors: De Pascali Alessandra Mistral , Todeschini Renato , Baiocchi Simone , Ortalli Margherita , Attard Luciano , Ibarra-Meneses Ana Victoria , Carrillo Eugenia , Varani Stefania 
Published: August 2022

Background
Most people infected with Leishmania remain asymptomatic, which is a common element that may promote the resurgence of clinically evident leishmaniasis in individuals with impaired cell-mediated immune responses. Unfortunately, there is no universally accepted assay to identify asymptomatic infection. This cross-sectional study focuses on the employment of three methods targeting different features of the parasitic infection to be used in combination for the screening of latent leishmaniasis in a newly endemic area of northeastern Italy.

Methodology/principal findings
The selected methods included highly sensitive Real-Time PCR for detection of parasitic kinetoplast (k)DNA in peripheral blood, Western Blot (WB) for detection of specific IgG, and Whole Blood stimulation Assay (WBA) to evaluate the anti-leishmanial T-cell response by quantifying the production of IL-2 after stimulation of patients’ blood with Leishmania specific antigens. Among 145 individuals living in a municipality of the Bologna province, northeastern Italy, recruited and screened for Leishmania infection, 23 subjects tested positive (15.9%) to one or more tests. Positive serology was the most common marker of latent leishmaniasis (15/145, 10%), followed by the detection of specific cell-mediated response (12/145, 8%), while only few individuals (6/145, 4%) harbored parasitic DNA in the blood.

Conclusions/significance
Combining different tests substantially increased the yield of positivity in detecting latent Leishmania infection. The test combination that we employed in this study appears to be effective to accurately identify latent leishmaniasis in an endemic area.
A comparative study: conventional and modified serpentine micromixers
Authors: Gidde Ranjitsinha R. , Wangikar Sandeep S. , Pawar Prashant M. , Ronge Babruvahan P. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The study of flow and mixing dynamics for conventional micromixers as well as micromixers with split and recombine (SAR) units has been carried out using laminar and transport diluted physics modules. Initially, a pilot numerical analysis was done for the basic Y-shaped curved, rectangular and triangular serpentine micromixers. Later, SAR units have been added to these basic designs and the effect of SAR units on the performance characteristics viz., mixing index, pressure drop, performance index and pumping power has been studied. In-depth qualitative analysis was also carried out to visualize the flow and mixing dynamics for the Reynolds number in the range from 0.1–50. The study results revealed that the square shaped chambers and circular obstacle based rectangular serpentine micromixer (SCCO-RSM) demonstrated better performance as compared to the other designs. The proposed micromixer is the better candidate for microfluidics applications such as Lab-On-a-Chip (LOC), Micro-Total-Analysis-Systems (µTAS) and Point of Care Testing (POCT), etc.
Application and short-term effect of enhanced recovery after surgery on robotic distal gastric cancer surgery
Authors: Liu shan , wang chun , xing zhaodong , wang yuna , cai guohao , huang ping 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
BackgroudRobotic distal gastrectomy (RDG) has been increasingly used for the treatment of gastric cancer (GC). At the same time, enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) has been increasing used in all kinds of operations. However, how the clinical effect of ERAS combined with RDG yet to be researched more. Thus, this study aimed to To evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of Robotic distal gastrectomy (RDG) and enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS).MethodsIn total, 52 patients were enrolled between July 2020 and January 2022 in this retrospective study. 26 patients underwent Robotic distal gastrectomy (RDG) was adopted with routine perioperative intervention while 26 patients adopted the ERAS mode. the general date (age,gender,BMI index,underlying disease), perioperative data (operationg methods postoperative hospital stay,postoperative inflammation: C-reactive protein,postoperative ambulation time,postoperative liq-uid food intake time, postoperative anal exhaust time, operation time,the number of lymph node dissection, intraoperative blood loss, hospitalization expenses,postoperative hospital stay), postoperative complication were compared between the two groups.ResultsThere is no different significantly in the general date, operation time,the number of lymph node dissection, intraoperative blood loss between this two groups(p>0.05), ERAS concept showed its advantages in release postoperative inflammation, reduce postoperative hospitalization stay and cost, cut down postoperative anal exhaust time, reduce postoperative complication (P < 0. 01). ConclusionsCollectively, ERAS results in accelerated convalescence, reduction of surgical stress and medical costs, improved nutritional status, and better quality of life for gastric cancer patients. However, high-quality multicenter randomized controlled trials with large samples and long-term follow-up are needed to more precisely evaluate ERAS in RDG.
18 Tb/s photonic digital signal processor for real time video image processing
Authors: Tan Mengxi , xu xingyuan , boes andreas , Corcoran Bill , Nguyen thach , Chu Sai , Little Brent , Morandotti Roberto , Wu Jiayang , Mitchell Arnan , Moss David 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Digital signal processing has become central to many fields, from coherent optical telecommunications where it is used to compensate signal impairments, to video image processing. Image processing in particular is important for observational astronomy, medical diagnosis, autonomous driving, big data and particularly artificial intelligence. Digital signal processing is mainly performed electronically, but new applications, particularly those involving real time video image processing, are creating unprecedented demand for ultrahigh performance, including bandwidth and reduced energy consumption. Here, we demonstrate a photonic digital signal processor operating at 18 Terabits/s and use it to process multiple simultaneous video signals in real-time. The system processes 400,000 video signals concurrently, performing 34 functions simultaneously that are key to object edge detection, edge enhancement and motion blur. As compared with spatial-light devices used for image processing, our system is not only ultra-high speed but highly reconfigurable and programable, able to perform many different functions without any change to the physical hardware. Our approach, based on an integrated Kerr soliton crystal microcomb, opens up new avenues for ultrafast robotic vision and machine learning.
Impact of main living room’s ventilation quality on occurrence of obstructive pulmonary diseases (Asthma and COPD) in Medina (Senegal)
Authors: THIAM Salimata , DAFFE Mahammadoul Lamine , THIAM Khady , BA Awa NDONG , FAYE Adama , DIAW Mor , NDIOR Mathilde Cabral , BAH Fatoumata , TOURE Nafissatou Omar , FALL Mamadou 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Indoor air pollution is the underlying cause of 4 million deaths worldwide, of which 11% is directly attributable to obstructive pulmonary disease. This study made it possible to characterize indoor air pollution in the Medina (Dakar) and to estimate occurrence risk of obstructive pulmonary diseases associated to lack of ventilation in main living room. This is a cross-sectional study combining a socio-demographic survey, air quality metrology (CO, PM10, NO, CO2) and a Functional Respiratory Assessment (spirometry). Estimation of the risk was carried out by logistic regression by adjusting for a certain number of factors. Participants are distributed between 27 households using mainly gas (55.56%) and charcoal (29.63%) as cooking fuel and closed kitchens with window (66.67%). Obstructive pulmonary diseases are noted with an estimated prevalence of 33.06%. Regarding pollutants, levels are below WHO guidelines: CO (3.81 ppm), CO2 (531.5 ppm), PM10 (0.27 µg/m3) and NO (2.88 µg/m3). In addition, study reveals an occurrence risk (AOR [95%CI]) of obstructive pulmonary diseases multiplied by 2.54 [1.27-5.08] where ventilation of main living room is medium and for exposure to poor ventilation, risk is multiplied by 2.06 [1.02-4.17]. These results therefore suggest indoor air quality, in particular renewal of air in main living room, as a factor determining residents respiratory health.
Tannins-lignin mixed nanoformulations for improving the potential of neem oil as fungicide agent
Authors: Falsini Sara , Nieri Tommaso , Paolini Aurora , Schiff Silvia , Papini Alessio , Mugnai Laura , Gonnelli Cristina , Ristori Sandra 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Sustainability and circular economy are increasingly pushing for the search of natural materials to foster antiparasitic treatments, especially in the case of economically relevant agricultural cultivations, such as grapevine. In this work, we propose to deliver neem oil, a natural biopesticide loaded into novel nanovectors (nanocapsules) which were fabricated with a scalable procedure starting from Kraft lignin and grapeseed tannins. The ensuing formulations were characterized in terms of size and Zeta potential, showing that almost all the nanocapsules had size in the suitable range for delivery purposes (mean diameter 150-300 nm), with low polydispersity and sufficient stability to ensure long shelf life. The target microorganisms were three reference fungal pathogens of grapevine (Botrytis cinerea, Phaeoacremonium minimum, Phaeomoniella chlamydospora), responsible for recurrent diseases on this crop: grey mold or berry rot by B. cinerea and diseases of grapevine wood within the Esca complex of diseases. Results showed that grapeseed tannins did not promote inhibitory effects, nor alone nor in combination with Kraft lignin. On the contrary, the efficacy of neem oil against P. minimum was boosted by more than 1-2 orders of magnitude and the parasite growth inhibition was higher with respect to a widely used commercial pesticide, while no additional activity was detected against P. chlamydospora and B. cinerea.
Development and Performance Evaluation of a Multi-Roller Abrasive Cassava Peeling Machine
Authors: Iwediba Isaac Ifeanyi , Onyeukwu Jude Kelechi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

A multi-roller abrasive cassava peeling machine comprising of a feed section, cassava peeling chamber, peeling rollers, abrasive surface, cassava tuber discharge chute, waste peel chute, was designed, fabricated and evaluated. The machine is powered by a 2Hp electric motor fitted with a gear box as a speed reducer and controlled by an electric switch which starts and stops the movement of the peeling rollers during peeling process. The results of its performance tests indicated 91%, 2.17Kg/min and 0.9% as the peeling efficiency, throughput capacity and proportion by weight of peel of the machine respectively. Also, the operational speed of the abrasive peeling rollers at these performance indicators is 355rpm. The cassava peeling machine fabricated with standard and locally sourced materials eliminated the drudgery and loss of time problems encountered in the manual peeling operation and existing machines, peeled tubers of desired quality and acceptable quality and at a fast rate.
Nitric oxide is a host cue for Salmonella Typhimurium systemic infection in mice
Authors: Jiang Lingyan , Li Wanwu , Hou Xi , Ma Shuai , Wang Xinyue , Yan Xiaolin , Yang Bin , Huang Di , Liu Bin , Feng Lu 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is produced as an innate immune response against microbial infections. Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium), the major causative pathogen of human gastroenteritis, induces more severe systemic disease in mice. However, host factors contributing to the difference in species-related virulence are unknown. Here, we report that host NO production promotes S. Typhimurium replication in mouse macrophages at the early infection stage by activating Salmonella pathogenicity island-2 (SPI-2). The NO signaling-induced SPI-2 activation is mediated by Fnr and PhoP/Q two-component regulatory system. NO (5–20 μM) significantly induced fnr transcription, while Fnr directly activated phoP/Q transcription. Mouse infection assays revealed a NO-dependent increase in bacterial burden in systemic organs during the initial days of infection, indicating an early contribution of host NO to virulence. It is likely that this pathway is not activated in human macrophages, owing to the lack of NO production. This study reveals a novel host signaling-mediated virulence activation pathway in S. Typhimurium that contributes significantly to its systemic infection in mice, providing important insights into Salmonella pathogenesis and host–pathogen interaction.
Don't Burn Up: Northern peat fire emissions and the remaining carbon budget
Authors: Wilkinson Sophie , Andersen Roxane , Moore Paul , Davidson Scott , Granath Gustaf , Waddington J 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Despite estimates of climate target’s remaining carbon budget (RCB) informing critical policy, most climate projections do not account for peatland ecosystem processes, including the contribution of current or future peatland wildfires to global carbon emissions. Here, we provide the first estimate of the carbon emissions associated with non-permafrost northern peatlands that specifically includes both wildfire combustion and post-fire carbon dynamics. The inclusion of wildfire reduced the carbon sink from -59.5 ± 32.2 to -17.9 ± 45.7 g C m-2 yr-1 in natural (pristine) peatlands while degraded peatlands represented a consistent source of carbon (218.6 ± 48.1 g C m-2 yr-1). We find that small increases in average burn severity or peatland area burned (from 0.5 to 0.8 % yr-1) could tip northern peatlands from a net carbon sink to a net source, illustrating the critical importance of peatland wildfire emissions and their accounting to the RCB for global climate targets.