bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mark Aldanov on Perception of the Heritage by L.N. Tolstoy
(Based on Articles of the 1920–1940s)
Authors: Shadursky Wladimir 
Published: January 2022

The article explores Mark Aldanov’s understanding of how L.N. Tolstoy’s personality and work was percepted by his students, contemporaries, literary scholars, readers in different countries. For the first time, materials of Aldanov’s articles from the émigré collection «On the Other Side», the newspaper «Segod-
nya», and the magazine «The Slavonic and East European Review» are being introduced into scientific circulation. For the first time, the article presents description of Aldanov’s articles from «Sovremennye zapiski», «Novy Zhurnal» dedicated to Leo Tolstoy. The content of articles written in the 1921–1942s cor-
relates with the content of Aldanov’s books such as «Romain and Rolland» and «The Riddle of Tolstoy». Textological work has assisted us to compare the content of Aldanov’s publications of 1923, 1928, 1929. It is suggested that Aldanov is the
author of the review of the novel «War and Peace» published in 1942 in the United States. In literary-critical articles of the literature in emigration period, Aldanov understands the perception of the writer’s personality as Tolstoy, a thinker and
Tolstoy, a writer. Aldanov develops the idea of Tolstoy’s contradictory and paradoxical nature linked with the contradictoriness and complexity of life itself. Aldanov explains a dialogical nature of Tolstoy’s personality and literary work by
the fact that the entire spectrum of Tolstoy’s mental and emotional reactions was a bold reflection of life, the embodiment of its merciless truth. The critic admires Tolstoy’s work suggesting that he can be judged by the most difficult works. According to Aldanov, the weakness of the writer’s worldview, the incongruity of his style can be considered as a result of the writer’s special phenomenon, he could afford what no Russian writer could. Inner freedom, ruthless truthfulness of Tolstoy distinguishes him from all the writers of the 19th century. Aldanov designates
Tolstoy’s artistic devices, which he uses in his own literary work. Aldanov’s analytical opinion on the perception of Tolstoy influenced the formation of the Leo Tolstoy’s image among the Russian readers abroad.
The Problem Concerning Integrity of the National Economy in the Divided Polish Lands: The Kingdom of Poland (1815–1830)
Authors: Marney Ludmila , Nosov Boris 
Published: January 2022

The article considers the history of the Polish national economy and national market in the period of emergence of so-called bourgeois nations in Europe, when lands of former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth were partitioned between three
powers: the Russian Empire, the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia. The history of nations in the 19th century is often studied in such conditions when the part
of the ethnic community became the part of the foreign country as it occurred with Poland. Under the foreign domination, ethnic and national development factors as well as cultural and political separation of the Polish society from societies of Russia,
Austria and Prussia remained intact for a long time and developed in their own way. Those tendencies especially appeared in the system of the national economy, which was the fundament of the nation as the historical community. The separate economic
policy of the Kingdom of Poland created a basis of the national market and the national economy not only for the Kingdom itself, but for all Polish lands. The article shows that the economic unity of the Polish lands had been existing up to the last
decades of the 19th century, when centripetal forces became to prevail in the economic development of Russia, Austria and Prussia due to the industry and capital concentration. It was the main reason of disintegration of the Polish economic space
Kinship and Social Strata of Medieval Wales
in the Historians’ Writings of the 19th – 21th Centuries
Authors: Chasovskih Grigoriy 
Published: January 2022

The article is devoted to the historians’ views in the 19th – 21th centuries on medieval Welsh society. The main emphasis is on kinship, social strata and agricultural relations. At the beginning of the period under consideration, the society of medieval Wales was presented as a set of cattle-breeding agnatic clans that had been reorganized every time the older generation had changed. It was believed that society
had consisted of the free and foreigners, that had been outside of the clan structure. Subsequently, the significance of dependent social strata was proved and several ways of social evolution were proposed. Towards the end of the study period, the society seemed less schematic and mechanistic. The historians proved that tribal structures had presented fairly amorphous formations. The emergence of land-poor free Welshmen was considered to be the result of political stabilization of the 12th
century and the subsequent fragmentation of land shares. The boundaries between social strata were perceived less rigidly: impoverished free people could become dependent. However, the dichotomy between free and non-free people ceased to be
dominant, the decisive role in the society passed to the dichotomy between nobility and simple men. Historians stopped trying to identify universal historical laws moving to more accurate and nuanced conceptions.
Interaction of Analytic and Continental Philosophical Traditions
in D.F. Wallace’s The Broom of the System
Authors: Nikulina Alla 
Published: January 2022

The article examines a philosophical basis of D.F. Wallace’s novel
«The Broom of the System» demonstrating the way the abstract ideas determine the construction of the plot and the choice of characters. The writer himself pointed out to L. Wittgenstein and J. Derrida as primary intellectual influences that he experienced at the period. Comparing the philosophers’ ideas and corre-
lating them with the meaningful literary details of the novel, the author of the article defines a set of problems and tendencies forming the core of the book. Wittgenstein’s philosophy in the novel is closely linked to the Anglo-American pragmatic approach to the notions of language and meaning, in which the
signifier and the signified demonstrate a clear one-way type of relationship determined by the context. In general, Wallace values the precise and scientific worldview, typical for analytic philosophy, but at the same time he keeps criticiz-
ing its simplistic and utilitarian character. The strictly logical approach to viewing the events is opposed in the novel
to the possibility of their different interpretation in accordance with Derrida’s claim that discloses the initial and irreducible alterity of any phenomenon disregarding the context in which it appears. Wallace intentionally weaves traces of
ambiguity into all crucial episodes of the novel, due to which the book planned to demonstrate the necessity of breaking all sorts of bounding systems turns to prove the practical impossibility of the desirable action.
Jesus’ Parables of Growth of the Kingdom of God
and Anton Chekhov’s «The Steppe»
Authors: Goncharova Nataliya 
Published: January 2022

The article considers the reminiscences of a number of Jesus’ parables found in Anton Chekhov’s «The Steppe», such as the Parables of the Talents and of the Minas, the Parable of the Leaven, the Parable of the Mustard Seed, the Parable of
Drawing in the Net, the Parable of the Great Supper, and the Parable of the Lamp under a Bushel. They are ranked according to archpriest Lev Liperovsky’s classifi-
cation as those of the «birth and growth of the Kingdom of God in the human soul». It is shown that «initiation tests», that Egorushka had to undergo during his journey
across the steppe, are connected with the story devoted to the Exodus of the Israelis from Egypt and their wanderings in the desert. The idea of spiritual growth is ex-pressed mostly by the image of the cookie given to the boy by Roza, which serves as
a parallel to manna and the Divine Body of Jesus Christ. The image of the fish has the same meaning. «Spiritual» food is contrasted with the «temporal» one: cucum-
bers, melons, which the Israelis ate in Egypt, and poppy seeds, which figure in the myth of Demeter. Money is a material equivalent of the spiritual. The author comes
to the conclusion that the task, set before the hero of the story, a protagonist, concerning liberation from the slavery of self-love has not been accomplished. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that the New Testament reminiscences, as far as
we know, have not been given sufficient consideration.
Classification of Blended Words: Thematic Aspect
Authors: Streltsov Alexey 
Published: January 2022

The article deals with the classification of contaminated lexical units, also known as telescope words or blends. This issue has been raised in the works of some Russian and foreign linguists. However, it has not been studied systematically. As far
as we know, researchers give their consideration to certain aspects of this problem, although they have achieved certain success. We have set the goal of summarizing
available approaches and examples, mainly in English, but also in Russian, to create a complete and consistent classification of words formed by means of fusion.
The second part of the paper presents a classification of blends in connection with different fields of activity, since each of them is created to designate a new object or phenomenon that combines elements of two or more words that are already
known. We can distinguish several areas, in particular «science and technology», within which, in turn, we have designated three groups: «natural science terms and
terminoids» correlating with various scientific disciplines (chemistry, biology, physics, etc.), «technical terms», including names of devices, «names of hybrids of living
beings», both real and fictional. Within the «everyday life» area, the «food» groups are presented, including names of drinks, serving items, etc., «clothing», as well as
shoes and accessories, «home» and «recreation and entertainment». Moreover, we
have identified a number of separate groups: «politics», «economics», «art», «lin-guistics», etc. Each large group can be divided into subgroups.
Most of the blends, as we have already noted in the first part of the article, are represented by nouns, therefore, they form the basis of each thematic group of words. However, it is possible to distinguish two groups formed almost exclusively
by adjectives: «description of a person», including both appearance and character, and «signs of an object or phenomenon». In the end, the article draws general con-
clusions on both parts of our research.
German Propaganda and Policy on the National Question on the Territory of the General District of Belarus in the 1941–1944s
Authors: Pushkarenko Yelena 
Published: January 2022

Based on previously unpublished historical sources of the National Archive of the Republic of Belarus (NARB), the article examines the problem of German propaganda and policy on the national issue in the General district of Belarus. The study purpose is to determine the content and objectives of propa-
ganda and policy on the national issue and its effectiveness. Research methods include analysis and synthesis.
As a result of the research, the author has come to a number of conclusions. First of all, V. Kube, head of the German administration, made a bid to attract Belarusian nationalists to promote the so-called «Russian revolution». «Belarusization» is viewed as a tool for fulfilling economic and political tasks, also as a preventive tool in the fight against the development of the partisan movement. Second, the diverse and large-scale propaganda activities affected all
spheres of public life, they are schools, churches, media, culture, science, etc.
Third, the propaganda of the so-called «Belarusization» consisted of two lines, on the one hand, «the idea of national revival of the Belarusian culture, language, the development of national consciousness», and on the other hand, the
idea of the Belarusian nation’s closeness to the cultural-historical space of Europe and Germany, which is inseparably connected to the historical destiny of Belarus and the «New Europe».
Fourth, a certain cultural revival observed during the German occupation of the 1941–1944s occurred only within the narrow framework of Belarusian collaboration and did not affect the population in general. Fifth, all the factors, such as «scorched earth» policy, genocide of the Jews, forced «recruitment» of Ostarbeiters, presence of a mass and effective partisan movement, as well as an effective and reliable partisan counter-propaganda were combined to neutralize the propagandists’ efforts and reduce the effectiveness of German propaganda to zero
«Liberty first and Union afterwards»: The Constitution and the Union of the United States in Wendell Phillips’ View
Authors: Sirotkin Stanislav 
Published: January 2022

The article is devoted to Wendell Phillips, the main figure of the abolition movement in the USA. The author considers Phillips’ ideological contribution to the doctrine of the Union separation. The abolitionists’ radical wing adhered to it until the beginning of the Civil War. The main attention is paid to the main
provisions of Phillips’ criticism of the US Constitution. The article considers and systemizes his arguments in favor of the abolition of the United States federal structure. He implied disunion to preserve the rights of free states, which was seen as a necessary measure to fight against slavery.
ВИЗУАЛИЗАЦИЯ И СТРУКТУРИЗАЦИЯ ИСТОРИИ:
РАЗМЫШЛЕНИЯ ПО ПОВОДУ ОДНОГО ПРОЕКТА
Authors: Ivonina Ludmila 
Published: January 2022

Статья представляет собой анализ и размышления по поводу научно-исторического проекта «Хронотоп», представляющего собой хронологическую карту евро-азиатского пространства и визуализирующего мировую историю с 300 по 1914 год на основе специально разработанных табличных
схем. Автор оценивает это издание с позиций новизны, полезности и достоверности и выделяет его сильные и слабые стороны. Позитивными моментами «Хронотопа» являются: 1) оригинальная форма реализации проекта:
иллюстративная и огромная по сравнению с обычным форматом книжка-раскладушка, легко преобразующаяся в настенное панно; 2) визуальная структура проекта, представляющая собой модель мировой истории в виде двумерной «бумажной» адаптации карты исторических процессов и событий IV–XX веков нашей эры. Вертикальная (процессы, события) и горизонтальная линейки (годы, столетия) позволяют сравнить и сопоставить историю интересующих читателя стран в пространстве и времени; 3) фиксация численности населения, бедствий, природных катаклизмов, сопровождавших события обозначенного периода, а также схем правящих династий. Вместе с тем автор придерживается мнения, что было бы более целесообразно начать издание с наступления железного века и развития античной цивилизации, поделившей мир на Запад и Восток. В сущности, ретроспективу большинства процессов и явлений будущего заложило именно первое тысячелетие до нашей эры, «осевое время», когда мир-система переживала фазовый переход в качественно новое состояние. Кроме того, неточности, упущения и даже явные
ошибки в «Хронотопе», целый ряд которых приведен и проанализирован в статье, не позволяют говорить о его полной достоверности. По мнению автора, реализация проекта не снимает вопросы, а, наоборот, рождает, что можно рассматривать и в качестве позитивного момента в плане стимула для дальнейшего совершенствования «Хронотопа».
PENGARUH AROMATERAPI LAVENDER TERHADAP KECEMASAN IBU BERSALIN PADA PANDEMI COVID-19 DI PUSKESMAS I DENPASAR TIMUR
Authors: Noviani Ni Wayan , Citrawati Ni Luh Putu , Astikasari Putu Savitri 
Published: January 2022

Non-natural disasters caused by the Covid 19 virus that is currently engulfing Indonesia is currently one of the factors that can cause anxiety in mothers who will face childbirth. Anxiety in childbirth is a common condition for pregnant women. Mothers who experience anxiety in the labor process can cause pathological conditions. An alternative treatment to reduce anxiety in maternity mothers is to use aromatherapy. The results of this study aim to find out the effect of lavender aromatherapy on the anxiety of maternity mothers in the covid-19 pandemic. This type of research is a quasi experiment with one group pretest-posttes without control. The population in this study was all mothers who were pregnant in the working area of Puskesmaa I Denpasar Timur with a sample of 20 maternity mothers who fit the criteria of inclusion and taken purposive sampling. The data collection tool used is a DASS questionnaire. The results of this study using a paired t-test showed that there was a meaningful difference between the level of anxiety before being given aromatherapy and after being given aromatherapy judging from the p-value of < 0.05.
HEAT STRESS MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES IN POULTRY
Authors: Avdosieva I. K. , Kaplunenko V. G. , Zhyla N. I. , Chaikovska O. I. 
Published: January 2022

In recent years, the problem of rising seasonal temperatures has become more acute in Ukraine. Periods of heat, when the temperature outside in summer exceeds 30 °C, and in some regions reaches 40 °C, become longer, which negatively affects the main production indicators of farms for raising animals and poultry and leads to increased deaths due to heat stress. As a result, farms suffer significant economic losses. Under conditions of high external temperature and humidity (> 30 °C,> 60 %) in the bird stress develops rapidly, the internal body temperature rises by 0.5-1.0 °C, respiration increases from 22 to 200 cycles per minute (so-called symptom of "hyperpnea") and due to the absence of sweat glands, arterial-venous anastomoses are activated in the areas of the body through which the main heat transfer is carried out: ridges, earrings, open skin of the feet.
There are a number of effective strategies to help minimize the negative impact of high outdoor temperatures on poultry, which can be divided into technical, technological, feed and medicinal. Technical strategies include: equipping poultry houses with evaporative cooling systems and tunnel ventilation, thermal insulation of roofs and walls to help reduce the negative effects of heat stress. Technological strategies include: reducing the density of poultry, reducing the thickness of the litter, the use of intermittent light, avoidance of feeding in the hottest period of the day; regular purification and disinfection of water and irrigation systems; water acidification; increase the watering front by 20-25 %. Feeding strategy during heat stress: increasing the proportion of fat relative to carbohydrates, reducing protein and increasing the level of easily digestible amino acids, the introduction of electrolytes, increasing the dose of vitamins C and E, limiting feed intake. Increasing the proportion of microelements by introducing into the diet of highly effective metal-amino acid complexes, especially those containing zinc, manganese and selenium. To reduce the negative impact of heat stress on poultry, veterinary drugs and feed additives, both mono - and multicomponent, are used, including veterinary drugs containing acetylsalicylic, ascorbic and citric acids and feed additives containing essential oils, menthol, micro- and macro elements in the form of sulfates and sulphates and vitamins.
INFUSION THERAPY: HISTORY, MODERNITY, PROSPECTS
Authors: Berezovsky A. V. 
Published: January 2022

The article describes the historical aspects of the formation and development of infusion therapy since the. V century BC to the present day. After William Harvey created the theory of the circulatory system, attempts were made to inject various substances intravenously.
Interesting data on the evolution of the syringe as a device for the introduction of various substances, from primitive, simple - to reusable and disposable. The history of the latter began in 1949, when the American Arthur Smith received the first US patent for a disposable glass syringe. Seven years later, in 1956, New Zealand veterinarian and pharmacist Colin Murdoch invented and patented a plastic disposable syringe.
However, these developments are not very suitable for intravenous injections into productive animals, especially in livestock facilities. Some exceptions were only modifications of the syringe Jeanne. It was developed by the French physician Pierre-Marie Felix Jeanne in 1934 for a variety of medical procedures. Its initial volume was 150 ml. Over time, for veterinary purposes, this model began to be produced in volumes of 250 and 500 ml.
Describes our own new experience in installing a technological line for the manufacture of solutions for veterinary medicine with their packaging in PVC bags in volumes of different formats (200, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 ml). It is possible to make solutions in packages of smaller (50, 100 ml) or larger volume (2 and 5 liters). Industrial production of 11 types of solutions is registered and mastered at the enterprise.
Adhering to modern requirements for the quality of drugs, the material for the packages we have chosen a multilayer film based on polypropylene called SIFLEX PACK® Italian production. Tactical to the infusion procedure for animals, SIFLEX PACK® film packs are easy to use. They are an ideal alternative to glass or plastic containers and significantly reduce the cost of production of solutions and prevent contamination of medicinal solutions with indoor air microflora.