bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of surface contamination of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in a health-care setting in the context of the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic
Authors: Kohli Amrish , Singh Kamna , Dolma Yangchen 
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND:
Hospital-onset coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) infection has been reported and is probably linked to ineffective implementation of infection prevention and control measures. Contaminated surfaces and air are considered a key part of the transmission dynamics of severe acute respiratory syndrome, Middle East respiratory syndrome, influenza, and other organisms in hospitals. This study aimed to assess the extent and persistence of surface contamination with COVID-19.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
It was a hospital-based cross-sectional study conducted for a period for 2 weeks from December 03, 2020, to December 16, 2020, in Kathua district of J and K, India. The environmental samples were taken from the patient care area that included COVID isolation ward and intensive care unit (ICU) as per the guidelines of WHO Protocol “Surface sampling of COVID-19: A practical “how to” protocol for health care and public health professionals after seeking copyright permission from the WHO. Universal standard precautions were strictly followed. Descriptive analysis was done using the MS-Excel and expressed in numbers and percentages.

RESULTS:
A total of 140 surface samples were taken, 70 each from the COVID ICU and isolation ward. The results of ten samples from the ICU turned out to be positive and 20 samples were positive from the isolation ward. Eleven (78.6%) out of the 14 samples taken from the corners of the ICU and isolation ward were found to be positive.

CONCLUSION:
Our study revealed surface contamination in the hospital setting both in COVID ICU and isolation ward particularly from the corners of the COVID ICU and isolation ward followed by the samples taken from the linen. Strict adherence to COVID appropriate behavior, increased frequency of disinfection in high-risk areas, and sensitization of the staff are mandatory to minimize the infection risk.
The effect of convalescent plasma on the treatment of COVID-19 patients in Ardabil, Iran
Authors: Iranijam Effat , Ghobadi Hassan , Matin Somaieh , Habibzadeh Shahram , Zandian Hamed , Mohammadshahi Jafar , Fooladi Shahnaz , Dargahi Abdollah , Safarzadeh Elham , Negaresh Mohammad , Hosseini Javad , Samadi Ali Hossein , Hoseininia Saeed , salehzadeh Hossein , Dezhkam Sharareh 
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND:
Infection with COVID-19 has resulted in considerable mortality all around the world. This study aimed to investigate the effect of convalescent plasma on the treatment of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Imam Khomeini Hospital at Ardabil, Iran.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
In this quasi-experimental clinical trial, patients over 18 years of age with polymerase chain reaction-positive COVID-19 were admitted based on the clinical criteria of respiratory distress with hypoxia (O2 saturation <90) and tachypnea (R Relative Risk (RR) >24) with moderate-to-severe lung involvement and in the 1st week of respiratory disease who were not intubated were nonrandomly assigned to two groups: convalescent plasma therapy (CPT) group (197 cases) and control group (200 cases). We used the Chi-square, t-test, Fisher's exact test, and Pearson's correlation coefficient for statistical analysis.

RESULTS:
Analyses revealed that length of stay in hospital was significantly lower in the CPT group as compared to the control group (P = 0.001). Twenty-four cases (22.0%) in the CPT group and 85 cases (78.0%) in the control group needed intubation. Furthermore, mortality was 17 cases (18.3%) in the CPT group and 76 cases (81.7%) in the control group, the difference of which was also found to be statistically significant (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS:
It seems that CPT can be used as an alternative treatment at the early stages of COVID-19 to prevent the progress of the disease, reduce the need for intubation and consequently the length of stay in hospital, and finally, decrease mortality.
Effect of webinars in teaching–learning process in medical and allied health science students during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Sivaramalingam Janani , Rajendiran Kalai Selvi , Mohan Monisha , Premlal K. S. , Yadhav Santosh Kumar , Satyamurthy G. D. V. , Rangasamy Surendar , Diravyaseelan M. , Jamir Lendiwabang , Pandey Durgesh Kumar Umaraj , Mohan Surapaneni Krishna , Cassinadane Ananda Vayaravel 
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND:
COVID-19 pandemic lockdown has brought all sectors to be dwindled with no exception of the academic system. Even professional courses like medical and allied health academic courses were also not spared. The academic requirements were not met as required to do so. Webinar has become a good source of virtual platform acting as a bridge for attaining the gaps in accomplishing the curriculum to the students during these curfew times. Our study aimed to know the value of webinars on teaching–learning processes among the medical and allied health science students in India.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The study design is a cross-sectional study with 2084 students who attended at least one webinar. An online survey questionnaire was sent, and the data were collected on participant's perspective on the effectiveness of webinar, post webinar assessment by their satisfactory level of gain of information through webinars and their plan to apply in future.

RESULTS:
Participant's perspective on effectiveness of webinar showed 66.7% of agreement with the webinar use. In post webinar assessment, the use of webinar was in agreement with 69.9% of the participants. Furthermore, we observed a significant association with the gain of information in post webinar assessment (P < 0.05) and a significant association with their plan to apply in future (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION:
Our results showed that the students were satisfied with the webinar teaching and acknowledged it to be an effective tool in the teaching–learning process to gain new knowledge and wish to attend webinars in future as a part of their curriculum. Thus, webinars have a constructive effect in the teaching and learning process in professional courses during pandemic lockdown.
Intentional self-harm in individuals referred to consultation liaison psychiatry services in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Ismail Haamid , Qadri Sabreena , Hussain Arshad 
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND:
Intentional self-harm (ISH) is one of the most important entities of consultation-liaison psychiatry. This study aimed to assess the clinical profile of individuals with intentional self-harm referred to consultation-liaison (CL) psychiatric services in a tertiary care hospital.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The present study was a cross-sectional hospital-based study, in which purposive sampling was done for sample selection. A total of 60 subjects of ISH referred for evaluation in a tertiary care psychiatry hospital on specified days were recruited to the study after obtaining informed consent. Demographic and clinical details such as the nature of the self-harm attempt, method of attempt, number of attempts, the reason for the attempt, and regret/remorse about the attempt were documented using the semi-structured proforma.

RESULTS:
A total of 60 subjects were included in the study. About 80% of them were below the age of 30 years. The majority (80%) were females, 65% were from a rural background, 56.7% were married. The most common method of ISH was self-poisoning. Interpersonal conflicts with family members (50%), followed by interpersonal conflicts with the spouse/partner (21.7%) were the commonest reason/precipitating factors that lead to intentional self-harm. Also, 45% of our study population did not have any diagnosable psychiatric illness at the time of assessment, and the most common psychiatric diagnosis was personality disorders (20%).

CONCLUSION:
Intentional self-harm is common in young married females from rural backgrounds. Self-poisoning is the most common method of deliberate self-harm. More than half of the individuals were diagnosed with the psychiatric illness at presentation.
The relationship between the big five personality traits and job satisfaction with virtual teaching among teachers of students with learning difficulties
Authors: Almutairi Jawzaa Hamoud , Ahmed Abeer T 
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND:
Job satisfaction has been described to be an important for individuals as well as for the society in general. However, several factors were introduced to be crucial for job satisfaction; one of the more influenced factors in satisfaction experiences is individual personality. The present study aim is to identify the relationship between the five major traits of personality and job satisfaction with virtual education among teachers of students with learning difficulties.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The research is a descriptive quantitative design. The research population consists of 94 male and female teachers who are involved in primary and intermediate public schools in Saudi Arabia. Data were then exposed to the analysis, namely, descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and Mann–Whitney U test to obtain the answers to the research questions at the level of <0.05.

RESULTS:
Based on the results, the most common personality trait among the study sample is conscientiousness, while neuroticism was the least common among the five traits. It was also found that there are differences between males and females in all dimensions of job satisfaction with virtual education (satisfaction with the nature of work – the relationship with colleagues and bosses – the relationship with parents) and the overall score in favor of females, except for the dimension of the relationship with colleagues and superiors, where males and females are equal.

CONCLUSION:
The average score of the personality types and job satisfaction is moderate. Job satisfaction has a significant relationship with personality types. In addition, partial significant differences were found among the study variables. Given the importance of identifying teachers’ personality in the workplace, reducing psychological and work factors effects in the educational environment among teachers can be helpful to enhance their job satisfaction. The study therefor, enumerated implications and recommendations based on the findings.
A sequential exploratory study to develop and validate neutropenic nursing care bundle for neutropenic patients admitted in a tertiary care hospital, Uttarakhand
Authors: Dahiya Nitesh , Rani Ruchika , Nath Uttam K. 
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND:
Patients diagnosed with cancer and who undergo cancer treatment are at potential risk of bone marrow suppression leading to prolonged hospitalization, delay in treatment, and chemotherapy dose reductions, which ultimately results in significant morbidity and mortality. This sequential exploratory study using a mixed-method approach was aimed to develop and validate a neutropenic nursing care (NNC) bundle for neutropenic patients admitted in a tertiary care hospital, Uttarakhand.

MATERIAL AND METHODS:
This sequential exploratory study design with an instrument developmental model was used to develop the NNC bundle. It consisted of two phases: Qualitative phase and quantitative phase. In the qualitative phase, focused group discussion with eight oncology nurses was performed to derive themes related to neutropenic nursing care using conventional content analysis. An extensive literature review was also performed on these themes to explore the current pieces of evidence for item pool generation. In the quantitative phase, a preliminary draft bundle was developed, and two Delphi rounds (I and II) were carried out among the five experts for the content validation of the NNC bundle and a final bundle was developed.

RESULTS:
Major domains identified for the bundle were hand hygiene, care of central and peripheral lines, routine oral care, antiseptic bath, peri-anal care, diet, and environmental hygiene. The content validity index (CVI) of the bundle was found to be >80% for all the items with I-CVI >0.8 and S-CVI = 0.99 after conducting two rounds of Delphi.

CONCLUSION:
The present study has provided a set of valid written neutropenic nursing interventions to prevent complications in neutropenic patients. The NNC bundle should be subjected to other levels of evaluation that measure the bundle's practicability and suitability for the intended field.
Developing the breast cancer risk prediction system using hybrid machine learning algorithms
Authors: Afrash Mohammad R. , Bayani Azadeh , Shanbehzadeh Mostafa , Bahadori Mohammadkarim , Kazemi-Arpanahi Hadi 
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND:
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cause of cancer-related deaths in women globally. Currently, many machine learning (ML)-based predictive models have been established to assist clinicians in decision making for the prediction of BC. However, preventing risk factor formation even with having healthy lifestyle behaviors or preventing disease at early stages can significantly lead to optimal population-wide BC health. Thus, we aimed to develop a prediction model by using a genetic algorithm (GA) incorporating several ML algorithms for the prediction and early warning of BC.

MATERIAL AND METHODS:
The data of 3168 healthy individuals and 1742 patient case records in the BC Registry Database in Ayatollah Taleghani hospital, Abadan, Iran were analyzed. First, a modified hybrid GA was used to perform feature selection and optimization of selected features. Then, with the use of selected features, several ML algorithms were trained to predict BC. Afterward, the performance of each model was measured in terms of accuracy, precision, sensitivity, specificity, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve metrics. Finally, a clinical decision support system based on the best model was developed.

RESULTS:
After performing feature selection, age, consumption of dairy products, BC family history, breast biopsy, chest X-ray, hormone therapy, alcohol consumption, being overweight, having children, and education statuses were selected as the most important features for prediction of BC. The experimental results showed that the decision tree yielded a superior performance than other ML models, with values of 99.3%, 99.5%, 98.26% for accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity, respectively.

CONCLUSION:
The developed predictive system can accurately identify persons who are at elevated risk for BC and can be used as an essential clinical screening tool for the early prevention of BC and serve as an important tool for developing preventive health strategies.
A model for implementing oral health-promoting school
Authors: Tahani Bahareh , Asgari Imaneh 
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND:
Schools are ideal setting for children's oral health-promoting programs. It is an integrated model for oral health-promoting schools (OHPS) with the capacities of dental school's curriculum and dental students as workforces. In this protocol, the principle of planning and implementation of the oral health program is described.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Based on the PRECEDE-Policy, Regulatory, and Organizational Constructs in Educational and Environmental Development (PROCEED) planning model, a framework for determining the potential predisposing, reinforcing, and enabling factors that could be intervening was diagnosed. To adapt the phases of the planning model for integration of the “OHPS” principles and the dental students’ curriculum, the following steps are supposed to be considered: Phases 1–5 which are to assess the baseline data will include the assessment of children oral health status and parents and teachers’ knowledge, attitude, and performance. Phase 6 or implementation phase will be allocated to oral health education interventions for students, parents, and teachers, professional screening, prevention, and referral. Phase 7 or the process assessment phase will be to record the number of screened students, the amount of fissure sealant and fluoride provision, and percentage of trained parents and teachers. Phase 8 or the impact assessment phase will assess the students’ improvement in knowledge and practice, decayed, missing, and filled teeth scores, teachers and mothers’ oral health attitudes and behaviors, and brushing and flossing behaviors. At the last, cost analysis of the program and long-term monitoring of the interventions is suggested.

CONCLUSION:
In case that the effectiveness of this model is proven, it can be implemented by other dental schools for the primary schools in their regions. Considering the number and distribution of dental schools in the country, this model is executable as targeted population oral health promotion approach in 6–12-year-old schoolchildren.
Effectiveness of educational intervention-based compassion therapy on emotional regulation and self-control after discharge of patients With COVID-19
Authors: Torbati Abbas Godrati , Zandi Anahita , Abbaspour Seddigheh 
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND:
One of the important causes of anxiety in COVID-19 disease is the inability to regulate emotion and lack of self-control during threatening conditions. The psychotherapy technique has been effective in reducing these symptoms. Therefore, this study attempted to evaluate the effectiveness of compassion-based therapy on emotion regulation and self-control in patients with COVID-19 after discharge.

MATERIALS AND METHOD:
It was a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest study with a control group. The statistical population consisted of 30 men (15 in each group) who were in the quarantine period of COVID-19 disease. Available sampling was used and the participants were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. In the experimental group, compassion-based treatment was performed in 10 sessions of 90 min. Tanji's self-control questionnaire and Garnofsky's Emotion Regulation questionnaires were used. Data analysis were performed using SPSS 21 software and multivariate analysis of covariance.

RESULTS:
There was a significant difference between the mean scores of emotion regulation and self-control variables in the experimental and control groups (P < 0.001). The effect of this treatment on increasing the emotion regulation score was 49% and on increasing the self-control score was 37%.

CONCLUSION:
Compassion-based therapy can increase cognitive regulation and improve self-control in patients with COVID-19 disease. It is suggested that this intervention can be used in psychological treatment programs.
Using instant messaging applications to promote clinical teaching of medical students
Authors: Saeedbakhsh Mohammadreza , Omid Athar , Khodadoostan Mahsa , Shavakhi Ahmad , Adibi Peyman 
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND:
The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of Telegram as an Instant messaging application in clinical teaching of medical students, especially clinical ward rounds.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
In this quasi-experimental study, Telegram as an Instant messaging application was employed. To do this, a Telegram group entitled as “Lavender” was created and then selected patients were divided between students and externs daily. After that, students and externs were asked to take medical histories, perform complete physical examinations, and then share their data in the Lavender group. Ultimately, to evaluate the effects of this intervention, two quantitative and qualitative approaches were used.

RESULTS:
From the students’ point of view the highest average was associated with “Readiness for teaching round” (3.71 ± 1.34) and the lowest average was related to “Time-saving for studying about illnesses” (2.08 ± 1.44). In addition, medical trainees mentioned that reporting patients’ daily medical histories and progress notes could create a reflective process. The suggestion made by many medical trainees was to select and discuss simpler cases who have more teaching points for them, while other trainees recommended focusing on common illnesses in the Lavender group.

CONCLUSION:
The use of messaging software applications such as Telegram in medical education has created a new paradigm, which could facilitate interpersonal interactions among trainees.
Study of medical students’ learning approaches and their association with academic performance and problem-solving styles
Authors: Ramezani Ghobad , Norouzi Azam , Arabshahi Seyed Kamran Soltani , Sohrabi Zohreh , Zazoli Atefeh Zabihi , Saravani Shahrzad , Pourbairamian Ghadir 
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND:
Learners have various processing and understanding of the environment and issues and choose different strategies for problem-solving considering learning and studying approaches. The purpose of this study was to examine medical students’ learning approaches and their association with academic performance and problem-solving styles.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This study was conducted using the descriptive-correlational method. The statistical population comprised medical students of Iran University of Medical Sciences during the academic year of 2019–2020. Of them, 168 subjects were chosen based on simple random sampling and Morgan Table. Study tools include the Standard Approaches and Study Skills Inventory for Students (ASSIST) Questionnaire, which includes 18 items and a Likert five-choice spectrum, and includes a deep, superficial, and strategic approach. Its reliability was determined by Cronbach's alpha of 0.81. Problem-Solving Style Questionnaire developed by Cassidy and Long was used. This instrument included 24 items and 6 components, and its reliability equaled 0.83, which was their grade point average. Data were analyzed using normality tests, paired t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and regression through SPSS 16 software.

RESULTS:
Results implied the positive and significant relationship between deep-strategic approaches, problem-solving styles, and academic performance of medical students (P < 0.001); furthermore, there was no significant difference between learning approaches based on gender (P > 0.001), while there was a significant difference between two groups in terms of problem-solving styles (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSION:
Because deep and strategic approaches predict academic performance and problem-solving styles, the diagnostic assessment must be done at the beginning of the educational process to determine the type of learners’ approaches. Such an evaluation can be used to implement instructional strategies and educational designs to improve the academic performance of students.
Predicting Efficacy of 5-Fluorouracil Therapy via a Mathematical Model with Fuzzy Uncertain Parameters
Authors: Shafiekhani Sajad , Jafari Amir Homayoun , Jafarzadeh Leila , Sadeghi Vahid , Gheibi Nematollah 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Due to imprecise/missing data used for parameterization of ordinary differential equations (ODEs), model parameters are uncertain. Uncertainty of parameters has hindered the application of ODEs that require accurate parameters.

Methods:
We extended an available ODE model of tumor-immune system interactions via fuzzy logic to illustrate the fuzzification procedure of an ODE model. The fuzzy ODE (FODE) model assigns a fuzzy number to the parameters, to capture parametric uncertainty. We used the FODE model to predict tumor and immune cell dynamics and to assess the efficacy of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) chemotherapy.

Result:
FODE model investigates how parametric uncertainty affects the uncertainty band of cell dynamics in the presence and absence of 5-FU treatment. In silico experiments revealed that the frequent 5-FU injection created a beneficial tumor microenvironment that exerted detrimental effects on tumor cells by enhancing the infiltration of CD8+ T cells, and natural killer cells, and decreasing that of myeloid-derived suppressor cells. The global sensitivity analysis was proved model robustness against random perturbation to parameters.

Conclusion:
ODE models with fuzzy uncertain kinetic parameters cope with insufficient/imprecise experimental data in the field of mathematical oncology and can predict cell dynamics uncertainty band.