bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ADAPTOR PROTEIN‐1 complex‐mediated post‐Golgi trafficking is critical for pollen wall development in Arabidopsis
Authors: Xu Mei , Yan Xu , Wang Yutong , Liu Chan , Yang Qian , Tian Dan , Bednarek Sebastian Y. , Pan Jianwei , Wang Chao 
Published: April 2022

Summary

Primexine deposition is essential for the formation of pollen wall patterns and is precisely regulated by the tapetum and microspores. While tapetum‐ and/or microspore‐localized proteins are required for primexine biosynthesis, how their trafficking is established and controlled is poorly understood.

In Arabidopsis thaliana, AP1σ1 and AP1σ2, two genes encoding the σ subunit of the trans‐Golgi network/early endosome (TGN/EE)‐localized ADAPTOR PROTEIN‐1 complex (AP‐1), are partially redundant for plant viability, and the loss of AP1σ1 function reduces male fertility due to defective primexine formation. Here, we investigated the role of AP‐1 in pollen wall formation.

The deposition of Acyl‐CoA SYNTHETASE5 (ACOS5) and type III LIPID TRANSFER PROTEINs (LTPs) secreted from the anther tapetum, which are involved in exine formation, were impaired in ap1σ1 mutants. In addition, the microspore plasma membrane (PM) protein RUPTURED POLLEN GRAIN1 (RPG1), which regulates primexine deposition, accumulated abnormally at the TGN/EE in ap1σ1 mutants. We show that AP‐1μ recognizes the YXXΦ motif of RPG1, thereby regulating its PM abundance through endocytic trafficking, and that loss of AP1σ1 decreases the levels of other AP‐1 subunits at the TGN/EE.

Our observations show that AP‐1‐mediated post‐Golgi trafficking plays a vital role in pollen wall development by regulating protein transport in tapetal cells and microspores.
Interspecific differences in root foraging precision cannot be directly inferred from species' mycorrhizal status or fine root economics
Authors: Stiblíková Pavlína , Klimeš Adam , Cahill James F. , Koubek Tomáš , Weiser Martin 
Published: April 2022

Nutrient acquisition in plants can be represented by a suite of intercorrelated root traits such as root diameter, nitrogen content, root tissue density and specific root length. However, it is unclear how a plant's ability to precisely forage for nutrients in a heterogeneous soil environment (i.e. the precision of placing roots into nutrient‐rich areas) relates to these traits. Mycorrhizal symbiosis also affects the relationship between the fine root traits and root foraging precision because fungal hyphae may be used for foraging instead of roots. Hypotheses matching high root foraging precision with low mycorrhizal colonization or ‘fast' acquisitive strategies of plants have been raised based either on data from tree species or a limited number of herbaceous species.To test these hypotheses, we compiled data quantifying the experimentally measured degree to which root biomass responded to patchy substrate nutrient concentrations (i.e. root foraging precision) for 123 herbaceous grassland species using a partial meta‐analysis. We tested root foraging precision relationship with root traits involved in nutrient acquisition and mycorrhizal symbiosis (root diameter, specific root length, root tissue density, root tissue nitrogen content and mycorrhizal colonization). The root foraging precision data came from four different pot experiments, and the trait data were extracted from publicly available trait databases. We used a phylogenetically informed approach in order to detect the degree of conservation of the relationships.We found that root foraging precision was not significantly correlated with other fine root traits and mycorrhizal colonization. Thus, it appears unrelated to the main dimensions of the nutrient acquisition space of herbaceous species, namely acquisitive–conservative strategy and outsourcing of acquisition to the fungi. Also, we found only a very weak phylogenetic signal in root foraging precision of 123 species. Our results suggest that root foraging precision constitutes another distinct, evolutionarily independent dimension in herbaceous species' trait space.
Adoption of beneficial management practices to improve soil health
Authors: Shah Ananka , Weersink Alfons , Vyn Richard 
Published: April 2022

Healthy soils are fundamental to building prosperous and resilient farms and to efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and enhance overall environmental impacts from agriculture. Understanding the adoption of beneficial management practices (BMPs) that promote soil health is necessary for these benefits to be obtained. Drawing from a survey of Ontario farmers ( n = 247) with 60% being crop producers and 22% livestock farmers, we explore the variation in adoption for six soil health BMPs: cover crops, crop rotations, no-till, soil testing, conservation buffers, and organic amendments. Soil testing had the highest rate of adoption, while conservation buffers had the least. The majority of farmers (73%) implemented four or more BMPs as the use of practices such as a rotation with winter wheat, cover cropping, and no-till tend to be positively correlated. Adopters of the BMPs tend to operate larger farms both in the area operated and farm cash receipts than non-adopters. Improving soil health was the most widely selected motivation for adoption across all six BMPs. The most effective interventions to enhance adoption among non-adopters include financial incentives, easily accessible information and advice, and farmer-to-farmer learning. Our results suggest that farmers that adopt BMPs do so primarily to enhance soil health rather than solely for economic considerations. Encouraging use among non-adopters may require monitoring and promoting the benefits of soil health. The results should aid in the development of strategic frameworks that facilitate innovations in policy to enhance soil health.
A traffic flow-forecasting model based on multi-head spatio–temporal attention and adaptive graph convolutional networks
Authors: Zhang Hong , Kan Sunan , Cao Jie , Chen Linlong , Zhao Tianxin 
Published: April 2022

Accurate traffic flow forecasting is a prerequisite guarantee for the realization of intelligent transportation, but it is a challenging task due to the complex spatial-temporal dependence and uncertainty of traffic flow. In most existing approaches, spatial correlation is captured using graph convolution networks in a pre-determined graph structure. However, some nodes in such a graph structure have spatial correlations between them but are missing a connection, so the hidden spatial correlations between these nodes cannot be captured. Traffic flow has dynamic characteristics, showing different characteristics over time. Most methods ignore the dynamics of traffic flow when modeling the spatio–temporal correlation of traffic flow. We proposed a new network model (MSTA-GCN) to solve the above problem. The model presents a gated adaptive graph convolutional network that captures the hidden spatial correlations between graph nodes from the adaptive. In addition, the model introduces a multi-head spatial-temporal attention mechanism to pay attention to spatial-temporal information of different historical moments and different spatial dimensions to effectively capture the dynamics of spatial-temporal correlation of traffic flow. Extensive experiments were conducted on four datasets of PEMS. The experimental results show that the MSTA-GCN model has better forecasting performance compared with the baseline methods.
The large sieve with power moduli in imaginary quadratic number fields
Authors: Gao Peng , Zhao Liangyi 
Published: April 2022

In this paper, we establish large sieve inequalities for power moduli in imaginary quadratic number fields, extending earlier work of Baier and Bansal [S. Baier and A. Bansal, The large sieve with power moduli for [Formula: see text], Int. J. Number Theory 14 (10) (2018) 2737–2756; Large sieve with sparse sets of moduli for [Formula: see text], Acta Arith. 196 (1) (2020) 17–34] for the Gaussian field.
Two-Level Optimization to Reduce Waiting Time at Locks in Inland Waterway Transportation
Authors: Hammedi Wided , Senouci Sidi Mohammed , Brunet Philippe , Ramirez-Martinez Metzli 
Published: April 2022

Inland vessels often have to cross numerous locks before reaching their final destination, which leads to a significant delay and sometimes represents as much as half of the total travel time. The delay affects shipment costs and can affect other parts of the transport chain, adversely impacting this transportation mode’s growth. Therefore, this work presents a two-level solution to ensure a shorter waiting time at locks and improve inland waterway transport. On the one hand, the first level focuses on making infrastructural modifications by proposing an efficient
Lock Automation Decision Making (Lock-ADM)
method. The problem modeling consists of using a three-stage algorithm. Firstly, we calculate the optimal number of locks while minimizing the investment costs using the exact solver, CPLEX. Secondly, we measure the importance of locks in the network, and finally, we select the best locks to automate using the
Genetic Algorithm (GA)
metaheuristic. Based on real data, we achieved an average reduction of 33.7% in overall lock waiting time at a low cost. On the other hand, the second level proposes a
Dynamic Lock Scheduling (Lock-DS)
to efficiently manage vessels scheduling at locks by minimizing their waiting time and optimizing their speed. We achieve an average reduction of 69.9% in vessel waiting time and a reduction of 48.03% in total fuel consumption compared to existing scheduling methods. Automating the most important locks with Lock-ADM and managing their crossing with Lock-DS ensure shorter vessels’ waiting time and represent a significant first step towards the automation of inland navigation.
Right Vocal Cord Paralysis Caused by Histoplasmosis: A Case Report
Authors: Diaz Ashley , Auger Samuel , Cipriani Nicole A. , Baird Brandon J. 
Published: April 2022

Objectives: Histoplasma capsulatum is a prevalent dimorphic fungus, reaching an exposure rate of 90% in endemic areas such as the Midwest and Central United States. We report an unusual presentation of dysphonia due to right vocal cord paralysis caused by mediastinal lymphadenopathy from histoplasmosis. Methods: A 73-year-old male presented to an otolaryngology clinic with 4 months of hoarseness. Flexible strobolaryngoscopy demonstrated right vocal cord paralysis in lateral position and a full length glottic gap. Computerized tomography (CT) scan showed enlargement of a right paratracheal node. Results: A lymph node biopsy was obtained and showed histoplasmosis. He was treated with a 3-month course of pozaconazole. He then received a vocal cord medialization injection 2 months after symptom onset, which produced favorable improvement of his symptoms at 8-month follow up. Conclusions: One other case report in the literature has reported left vocal cord paralysis related to histoplasmosis. This first case of right vocal cord paralysis was extremely unusual and is not often included in the differential diagnosis of vocal cord paralysis.
Mapping of cracking sequence of polyvinyl alcohol-steel hybrid fiber reinforced high-strength engineered cementitious composite under uniaxial tension
Authors: Xie Shixiang , Pei Tianchen , Chang Jiang , Zhang Jun 
Published: April 2022

In the present paper, cracking sequence of high-strength engineered cementitious composite with the characteristic of low drying shrinkage (LSECC) under tension was experimentally studied by continually photographing during loading. The specific objective is to investigate the development of crack opening of each individual crack occurred during loading. Four Engineered cementations composite mixtures with water to binder ratio of 0.20, 0.25, 0.30, and 0.35 (LSECC-0.20, LSECC-0.25, LSECC-0.30, and LSECC-0.35) were used in the tests. Using the photographers taken during the test, crack width of each crack occurred during loading are determined according to the difference between solid material and crack on gray level. The test results show that cracks in ECC under tensile load are formed according to a temporal sequence. The opening width of each crack grows in a controllable and gradual manner with the increase of tensile strain. At a given strain level, crack width of different crack is not equal and the distribution of crack width is affected by matrix strength of the composite. Maximum crack width and the tensile strain capacity at the moment may be utilized to characterize the tensile performance of the composite that can guarantee both of tensile ductility and long-term durability. As maximum crack width equals 60 μm, at which the permeability of ECC may not be influenced by the cracks, higher strength ECC with water to binder ratio of 0.20 and 0.25 (LSECC-0.20 and LSECC-0.25) shows obvious higher tensile strain capacity and more cracks of narrow opening. By contrast, lower strength ECC with water to binder ratio of 0.30 and 0.35 (LSECC-0.30 and LSECC-0.35) shows relatively lower tensile strain and fewer cracks of narrow crack opening as crack width is limited below 60 μm. With the increase of tensile strain and the maximum crack width, much wider cracks (larger than 60 μm) are formed in lower strength ECC comparing to that of higher strength ECC.
Prevalence of transfusion-transmitted infections in multiple blood transfusion-dependent thalassemic patients in Asia: A systemic review
Authors: Riaz Muhammad , Abbas Mazhar , Rasool Ghulam , Baig Ibrahim Salam , Mahmood Zahed , Munir Naveed , Mahmood Tahir Imtiaz , Ali Shah Syed Muhammad , Akram Muhammad 
Published: April 2022

Background Thalassemia is a hereditary hemolytic anemia marked by a defect in synthesizing one or more globin chains in hemoglobin. In Pakistan, approximately 10,000 patients with thalassemia are primarily dependent on blood transfusions. The β-thalassemia patients require blood transfusions and iron chelation therapy. Patients who need blood transfusions are at an increased risk of contracting transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs) such as hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV and HCV, respectively), as well as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Objective This systemic review aims to assess the prevalence of TTIs in transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia patients in Asia. Methods The data for the systematic review were gathered from PubMed, Google Scholar, the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), and ScienceDirect using the following keywords: “prevalence, HBV, HCV, HIV, thalassemia, and transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs)," and so on. This review includes the research articles that address the prevalence of viral infections in thalassemic patients following blood transfusion. Results A preliminary search of various databases identified 231 potential studies. 157 duplicate studies were eliminated, and the eligibility of 59 full-length articles was determined. Only 43 studies met the inclusion criteria. Among the 43 studies analyzed, 11 reported a high prevalence of HCV alone in thalassemic patients, while 21 reported a high prevalence of HCV and HBV infection in thalassemic patients. Eight studies reported the prevalence of all three TTIs examined, namely, HCV, HBV, and HIV, in patients with transfusion-dependent thalassemia. Conclusion Preventable transfusion-transmitted infections occur frequently, and robust national policies and hemovigilance are required to detect and mitigate the infection risk.
Pediatric Astrocytomas and Their Association With Polymorphisms in Embryonic Stem Cell Marker Genes
Authors: Morais de Castro Eduardo , Barbosa Leonardo Vinícius , Fonseca Aline Simoneti , Nagashima Seigo , Vaz de Paula Caroline Busatta , Zeni Rafaela , Cavalli Luciane R. , Torres Luiz Fernando Bleggi , de Noronha Lucia , Machado-Souza Cleber 
Published: April 2022

Background Embryonic stem cell markers, such as SOX2, NANOG, and OCT4, are transcription factors expressed in pluripotent stem cells, involved in the mediation of pluripotency and self-renewal. Especially after the discovery of cancer stem cells, these proteins have been associated with several types of neoplasia, including astrocytomas. In the pediatric population, astrocytomas are the most common solid neoplasia and present the highest mortality rates. Methods Our study evaluated 5 polymorphisms in SOX2, NANOG, and POU5F1 genes in 101 pediatric astrocytoma samples. Results We describe the associations between wild and polymorphic alleles in astrocytomas. Conclusions In our results, the intronic polymorphic G allele in SOX2 rs77677339 [G/A] had a borderline association with low-grade astrocytomas, and the intronic polymorphic T allele in NANOG rs10845877 [C/T] showed a higher frequency in grade 2, compared to grade 1 astrocytomas, thus showing promising results. Impact Our study is relevant because it shows a potential correlation between polymorphic embryonic stem cell marker genes and pediatric astrocytomas.
Preparation and characterization of bio-film composite based on high density polyethylene and oil palm trunk fiber
Authors: Laftah Waham Ashaier , Majid Rohah A , Ibrahim Akos N 
Published: April 2022

The effect of oil palm trunk (OPT) natural fibers used as reinforcement in High density polyethylene on the mechanical, biodegradation and water absorption properties of polyethylene films were investigated. The composites were formulated and prepared using twin-screw extruder while the hot compression molding machine was used to prepare the bio-films. The results showed that the incorporation of OPT fiber into the film enhanced the tensile modulus of the matrix while the tensile strength and elasticity reduced. The Young’s modulus of the composites reached 4450 MPa at 20% OPT fiber load while tensile strength and elongation at break reached its lowest at 7.11 MPa and 2.13% respectively at the same fiber load. Water absorption and biodegradability of the composites improved when OPT fibers were added. The composite film with 20% fiber load showed the highest fungal growth.
Role of Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio in the Prognosis of Acute Ischaemic Stroke After Reperfusion Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Sharma Divyansh , Spring Kevin J. , Bhaskar Sonu M. M. 
Published: April 2022

Background Inflammation may mediate response to acute reperfusion therapy (RT) in acute cerebral ischaemia. Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), an inflammatory biomarker, may play an important role in acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) prognostication. Objective This meta-analysis sought to examine the effect of NLR on functional outcomes, mortality and adverse outcomes in AIS patients receiving RT. Methods Individual studies were retrieved from PubMed/Medline, EMBASE and Cochrane databases. Data were extracted using a standardised data sheet and meta-analysis on association of admission (pre-RT) or delayed (post-RT) NLR with clinical/safety outcomes after RT was conducted. Results Thirty-five studies (n = 10 308) were identified for the systematic review with 27 (n = 8537) included in the meta-analyses. Lower admission NLR was associated with good functional outcomes (GFOs), defined as 3-month modified Rankin scale (mRS) 0–2 (SMD = −.46; 95% CI = −.62 to −.29; P < .0001), mRS 0–1 (SMD = −.44; 95% CI = −.66 to −.22; P < .0001) and early neurological improvement (ENI) (SMD = −.55; 95 %CI = −.84 to −.25; P < .0001). Lower delayed admission NLR was also associated with GFOs (SMD = −.80; 95%CI = −.91 to −.68; P < .0001). Higher admission NLR was significantly associated with mortality (SMD = .49; 95%CI = .12 to .85; P = .009), intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) (SMD = .34; 95% CI = .09 to .59; P = .007), symptomatic ICH (sICH) (SMD = .48; 95% CI = .07 to .90; P = .022) and stroke-associated infection or pneumonia (SMD = .85; 95% CI = .50, 1.19; P < .0001). Higher delayed NLR was significantly associated with sICH (SMD = 1.40; 95% CI = .60 to 2.19; P = .001), ICH (SMD = .94; 95% CI = .41 to 1.46; P < .0001) and mortality (SMD = 1.12; 95% CI = .57 to 1.67; P < .0001). There were variations in outcomes across RT groups. Conclusion Higher admission or delayed NLR is significantly associated with worse morbidity, mortality and safety outcomes in AIS patients receiving RT.
In Search For New Urban Tourism Niche. Could European Cities Be Destinations For Urban Wellness Providing Food for Body, Mind and Spirit?
Authors: Saari Susanna 
Published: April 2022

According to the United Nations Population Fund (2020) , half of the world’s population live in cities, and the number is estimated to rise to 75% by 2050. Although urbanization is seen as a major challenge from a health point of view, the development of urban wellness tourism offering would ideally benefit both tourists and locals. The growth rate of wellness tourism during the years 2015–2017 was almost twice as fast as global economic growth. Holistic wellness refers to the balanced elements of body, mind and spirit. This study argues that many European city destinations could provide the holistic wellness elements to their visitors. Tourism destinations continue competing with each other in a globalised marketplace, even more post-Covid-19. As a result, cities will invest considerable resources in their marketing activities and place branding. By recognizing and highlighting wellness tourism offering in their marketing, some urban Destination Management Organisations (DMOs) could stand out in this growing competition and get their share of wellness tourism growth. This study examines, which elements contributing to holistic wellness are currently being displayed on the visit.com websites of selected urban DMOs ( N = 32) in the European Union. This is done using qualitative content analysis methodology. The findings indicate that there are several European cities that already display elements of urban wellness in their marketing. The practical implication for the DMOs in question could be to actively start developing their place brands towards urban wellness tourism niche by highlighting the supply of urban wellness they already have, for example, at their visit.com sites.
The ethical implications of preventing hospital delirium in older adults: A scoping review
Authors: Delgado Janet , Toledo Chávarri Ana , de Pascual y Medina Ana María , León Salas Beatriz , Trujillo Martín María del Mar , Serrano Aguilar Pedro 
Published: April 2022

Introduction Hospital delirium is a frequent, serious, costly, and underrecognized acute disorder of attention and cognition. Therefore, the prevention of hospital delirium is not only desirable for patients, caregivers, healthcare professionals, and the health system itself, but also a moral duty. Objective To identify and synthetize the main ethical aspects that arise related to the prevention of hospital delirium in patients 65 years and older. Methods A scoping review was carried out in Embase, Medline, and Web of Science (January 2009–January 2022). Articles published in English or Spanish analyzing any pharmacologic, non-pharmacologic, or multicomponent intervention for prevention of delirium in hospitalized patients aged 65 years and over were included. Results Twenty-seven studies were included. Based on the frequency of appearance and the relevance, our findings were organized into three main areas. The first one was related to the principle of nonmaleficence and collected findings about the iatrogenic causes of hospital delirium and the use of restraints systems. The second area analyzed the impact of delirium in patients, families, and healthcare professionals from a relational ethics perspective, and addressed the family presence as a factor to prevent delirium. Finally, the third area is related to the quality of care. Conclusion Prevention of delirium in hospitals is essential to avoid the discomfort and potential clinical complications of patients, as well as the suffering of their relatives, caregivers, and healthcare professionals. Policymakers and healthcare managers are encouraged to make the required efforts to prevent delirium in hospitalized older patients.