bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Data visualization as an intervention for pediatric chronic pain: a pilot feasibility study protocol for a randomized controlled crossover trial
Authors: Boerner Katelynn E. , Desai Unma , MacLean Karon E. , Munzner Tamara , Foladare Haley , Gill Javed , Oberlander Tim F. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Chronic pain is a common and costly condition in youth, associated with negative implications that reach far beyond the pain experience itself (e.g., interference with recreational, social, and academic activities, mental health sequelae). As a self-appraised condition, pain experience is influenced by patient’s biases and meaning-making in relation to their symptoms and triggers. We propose that interacting with self-reported data will impact the experience of pain by altering understanding and expectations of symptom experience and how pain interacts with other factors (e.g., sleep, emotions, social interactions). In this study, we aim to establish the feasibility and acceptability of using a data visualization platform to track and monitor symptoms and their relationship with other factors, versus simply daily reporting of symptoms using a smartphone-based Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA).

Methods
This protocol is for a randomized, single-center, open-label crossover trial. We aim to recruit 50 typically developing youth aged 12–18 years with chronic pain to take part in two phases of data collection. The trial will utilize an A-B counterbalanced design in which participants will be randomly assigned to receive either Part A (EMA alone for 7 days) or Part B (EMA plus visualization platform for 7 days) first and then receive the opposite phase after a 7-day break (washout period). Key outcomes will be participant reports of acceptability and feasibility, EMA completion rates, barriers, and perceptions of the benefits or risks of participation. Secondary exploratory analyses will examine the relationship between EMA-reported symptoms over time and in relation to baseline measures, as well as pilot data on any improvements in symptoms related to engaging with the data visualization platform.

Discussion
This protocol describes the feasibility and pilot testing of a novel approach to promoting self-management and facilitating symptom appraisal using visualized data. We aim to determine whether there is a sufficient rationale, both from the perspective of feasibility and patient satisfaction/acceptability, to conduct a larger randomized controlled trial of this intervention. This intervention has the potential to support clinical care for youth with chronic pain and other conditions where self-appraisal and understanding of symptom patterns are a critical component of functional recovery.

Trial registration
Open Science Framework doi: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/HQX7C. Registered on October 25, 2021, osf.io/hqx7c
The experience of patient partners in research: a qualitative systematic review and thematic synthesis
Authors: Lauzon-Schnittka Jonathan , Audette-Chapdelaine Sophie , Boutin Denis , Wilhelmy Catherine , Auger Anne-Marie , Brodeur Magaly 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Context
Patient engagement in research consists in involving patients as partners across the research cycle. This practice has quickly become an international standard, with funding bodies actively encouraging it. As the increased incentive to engage patients can lead to tokenistic partnerships, it is important to consider the experiences of patient-partners.

Objective
To synthesize the qualitative literature on the experience of patients as partners in research.

Design
A systematic review of the literature with thematic synthesis was realized, guided by the framework developed by Thomas and Harden (Bmc Med Res Methodol 8: 45, 2008).

Data collection
A search strategy was developed to encompass keywords relating to patient-partners in research, their experience, and the qualitative nature of the target studies. 10 databases were searched using the EBSCO-host engine, along with the Scopus engine to include EMBASE. The search results were screened for the following inclusion criteria: articles written in English; articles reporting on the experience of patient-partners in research; qualitative studies or mixed-methods studies with a distinct qualitative section.

Analysis
Included articles were charted for general information. The CASP qualitative checklist was used for critical appraisal. The “results” section of each article was coded line by line. Codes were aggregated inductively to form descriptive themes and analytical themes, in order to synthesize the ideas found in the selection of articles.

Results
The initial search yielded 10,222 results. After the removal of duplicates, 5534 titles and abstracts were screened, 88 full-text reports were evaluated, and 41 studies were included. Articles reporting on these studies were published between 2005 and 2020. Seven themes emerged from the analysis: “motivations to engage in research”, “activities in patient engagement”, “structure”, “competence”, “team dynamics”, “impacts on broader life”, and “illness”. Articles reported varying degrees of perceived impact on research and satisfaction concerning the level of engagement. The importance of power differentials and team dynamics were widely stated.

Conclusions
Findings provide an in-depth view of the experiences of patient-partners in research. Most articles reported a generally positive experience, but challenges and pitfalls of patient engagement were identified. This will serve research teams by highlighting good practices and possible improvements.
The effects of chest drainage on pressure-controlled ventilation
Authors: Matsumoto Yuko , Obara Shinju , Hakozaki Takahiro , Isosu Tsuyoshi , Inoue Satoki 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
The use of pressure-controlled ventilation (PCV) for anesthesia management is becoming more commonly used. Chest drainage is commonly performed after thoracic surgery, and the negative pressure it generates might affect the transpulmonary pressure (TPP). In the present study, we investigated how chest drainage could affect ventilating conditions during PCV.

Methods
We created a hand-made simple thoracic and lung model, which was connected to an anesthesia machine. The tidal volume (TV) was measured with positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) 0 and no chest drainage (baseline), followed by 10 cmH2O PEEP/no drainage, 10 cmH2O PEEP/drainage with − 10 cmH2O and 10 cmH2O PEEP/drainage with − 20 cmH2O. Finally, TV with 20 cmH2O and 30 cmH2O PEEP/no drainage was measured. Driving (inspiratory) pressure was maintained at 20 cmH2O during the whole experiment.

Results
TV was significantly increased by applying 10 cmH2O PEEP compared with baseline, further increased by applying − 10 cmH2O by drainage, similar to the value with PEEP 20 cmH2O with no drainage (end-tidal TPP of 20 cmH2O for both). TV decreased to < 50% of the baseline by applying 10 cmH2O PEEP with − 20 cmH2O by drainage, which was similar to that with 30 cmH2O PEEP with no drainage (end-tidal TPP of 30 cmH2O for both).

Conclusions
TV was maintained at similar levels with the same TPP, regardless of PEEP or negative pressure by chest drainage change, suggesting that negative intrapleural pressure by the chest tube drainage system might mimic PEEP from the point of TV.
C. elegans as a test system to study relevant compounds that contribute to the specific health-related effects of different cannabis varieties
Authors: van Es-Remers Monique , Spadaro Jesus Arellano , Poppelaars Eefje , Kim Hye Kyong , van Haaster Marieke , de Wit Marcel , ILiopoulou Eva , Wildwater Marjolein , Korthout Henrie 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe medicinal effects of cannabis varieties on the market cannot be explained solely by the presence of the major cannabinoids Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). Evidence for putative entourage effects caused by other compounds present in cannabis is hard to obtain due to the subjective nature of patient experience data.Caenorhabditis elegans(C. elegans) is an objective test system to identify cannabis compounds involved in claimed health and entourage effects.MethodsFrom a medicinal cannabis breeding program by MariPharm BV, the Netherlands a set of 12 varieties were selected both THC rich varieties as well as CBD rich varieties. A consecutive extraction process was applied resulting in a non-polar (cannabinoid-rich) and polar (cannabinoid-poor) extract of each variety. The test modelC. eleganswas exposed to these extracts in a broad set of bioassays for appetite control, body oscillation, motility, and nervous system function.ResultsExposingC. elegansto extracts with a high concentration of cannabinoids (> 1 μg/mL) reduces the life span ofC. elegansdramatically. Exposing the nematodes to the low-cannabinoid (< 0.005 μg/mL) polar extracts, however, resulted in significant effects with respect to appetite control, body oscillation, motility, and nervous system-related functions in a dose-dependent and variety-dependent manner.DiscussionC. elegansis a small, transparent organism with a complete nervous system, behavior and is due to its genetic robustness and short life cycle highly suitable to unravel entourage effects of Cannabis compounds. AlthoughC. eleganslacks an obvious CB1 and CB2 receptor it has orthologs of Serotonin and Vanilloid receptor which are also involved in (endo)cannabinoid signaling.ConclusionBy usingC. elegans, we were able to objectively distinguish different effects of different varieties despite the cannabinoid content.C. elegansseems a useful test system for studying entourage effects, for targeted medicinal cannabis breeding programs and product development.
Why cognitive training is important for the health status in Parkinson’s disease: preliminary evidence from a clinical three-weeks multidisciplinary intervention
Authors: Michels Jennifer , Werner Cornelius J. , Schumann-Werner Beate , Schulz Jörg B. , Costa Ana S. , Reetz Kathrin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Several non-motor symptoms are present in Parkinson's disease (PD), including increasing prevalence rates of cognitive impairment during disease progression. Due to its multifaceted nature, PD management involves pharmacotherapy and non-pharmacotherapies, ideally in a multidisciplinary manner. Evidence regarding the impact of multidisciplinary interventions on motor and non-motor symptoms, as well as its impact on quality of life and daily activities of living, is limited.

Methods
The aim of this real-life exploratory study was to investigate the effectiveness of a three-week clinical multidisciplinary Parkinson complex therapy (Parkinson-Komplexbehandlung, PKB), which is available as standard care for PD in the German health care system. Especially, the effect of neuropsychological attention training of 40 patients with PD was analyzed concerning their impact on motor abilities (UPDRS-III ON state), cognitive profiles and reported depressive symptoms and psychosocial function.

Results
Neuropsychological data showed an improvement in response inhibition after intervention (z = − 2.611, p = 0.009). Additionally, improvements in verbal memory (z = − 2.318, p = 0.020), motor functions (UPDRS-III-score; z = − 5.163, p < 0.001) and reduction in depression symptoms (BDI-II) (z = − 2.944, p = 0.003) were also present.

Conclusions
Patients with PD benefited from this multidisciplinary Parkinson complex therapy in terms of improved cognitive functioning, including attention and verbal learning, motor symptoms and emotional well-being.
Contributional role of susceptibility-weighted imaging and apparent diffusion coefficient in pediatric brain tumor grading
Authors: Abdelrahman Ahmed S. , Ekladious Mena E. Y. , Khater Nivan Hany 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Central nervous system neoplasms are a primary cause of mortality and one of the most frequent solid tumors in children. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays a key role in the diagnosis and treatment response of pediatric brain tumors as well as providing us with functional information regarding cellularity, metabolism, and neoangiogenesis. This study aimed to evaluate the contributional role of susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) and diffusion weight imaging (DWI) in pediatric brain tumor grading by assessing the intratumoral susceptibility signals (ITSS), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and relative ADC (rADC).

Results
A significant correlation was noted between the (ITSS) score and the brain tumor grade (P < 0.001) with a descending trend in the low-grade tumor (ITSS score 0 = 14/29, score 1 = 11/29, and score 2 = 4/29) and an ascending trend in the high-grade tumor (ITSS score 0 = 4/41, score 1 = 9/41 and score 2 = 22/41). No embryonal tumor showed an ITSS score of 0. Apparent diffusion coefficient sensitivity and specificity were 82.9% and 82.8%, respectively, while rADC sensitivity and specificity were 91.4% and 86.2%, respectively. For high-grade tumors, the ITSS score 2 had a significant positive prediction (P = 0.009) and the rADC value had a significant negative prediction (P = 0.031).

Conclusions
Susceptibility-weighted imaging ITSS score, ADC, and rADC have a promising role in preoperative pediatric brain tumor grading and should be considered as complementary sequences to routine MRI studies.
A prospective study of acute sinusitis, clinical features and modalities of management in adults, Sudan
Authors: Khalid Osama M. , Omer Mashair B. , Kardman Siddig E. , Yagi Hashim I. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Acute sinusitis is not an uncommon disease that manifests with inflammation of the mucosal lining of the paranasal sinuses. It has varied etiologies including viral, bacterial, fungal, and allergic. Anatomical variations, trauma, auto-immunity, diabetes mellitus, and dental procedures are predisposing factors. With the wide variation in the etiological factors, the management could be tricky. This study is quite relevant with the advent of the relentlessly persisting COVID-19 pandemic which affects the upper respiratory tract as well.

Methods
This is a descriptive hospital-based prospective study conducted at the Khartoum ENT Teaching Hospital, Ibnsina Teaching Hospital, Omdurman Military Hospital, and Omdurman Teaching Hospital in Khartoum State in the period from March 2020 to February 2021. The study included all patients 18 years and older diagnosed with acute sinusitis. The data was collected by a well-structured questionnaire designed to meet the objectives of the study and analyzed using SPSS 20. Any COVID-19 suspect is excluded from the study.

Results
The total number of patients was 109; of them, 59 (54.1%) were females and 50 (45.9%) were males, and the female to male ratio was 1.18:1. One hundred seven (98.2%) patients received medical treatment and two patients (1.8%) did take the medications. Eighty-one patients (74.3%) were cured with medical treatment and only 28 patients (25.7%) needed surgical intervention. The age group from 25 to 40 years old was the most affected, accounting for 68 patients (62.4%), and the above 60 years old (3.7%) was the least affected group.

Conclusion
Acute sinusitis is not an uncommon disease, if addressed properly and timely is medically treatable in most cases apart from complicated cases. This study shows that the active working ages (25-40) were the most affected. Few patients needed surgery (FESS). Negligence could result in complications. Diseases like COVID-19 affect the upper respiratory tract, and there is a similarity in symptoms, and in the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic nowadays, differentiation is of paramount importance.
Pharmacological management of psychopathology in people with intellectual disabilities and/or autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Deb Shoumitro , Roy Meera , Limbu Bharati 
Published: October 2022

SUMMARYOn average, 49–63% of people with intellectual disabilities and/or autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are prescribed psychotropic medications to treat psychopathology, including psychiatric illness, behaviours that challenge and the core symptoms and associated behaviours of these developmental disorders. In many cases, psychotropics, particularly antipsychotics, are used off-label without a proper indication, particularly to manage behaviours that challenge. The RCTs show moderate evidence supporting the efficacy of low-dose risperidone and some preliminary evidence for aripiprazole in treating behaviours that challenge among children with ASD and/or intellectual disabilities. The RCT-based evidence for the other psychotropics is equivocal, so no definitive conclusions can be made on their efficacy. Polypharmacy and the use of high doses of antipsychotics are prevalent in this population, leading to the risk of adverse events and drug–drug interactions. Despite various national and international guidelines, and government initiatives encouraging reduced psychotropic use, there is little evidence of this happening; on the contrary, the use of antidepressants, mood stabilisers and benzodiazepines may be increasing. A concerted multi-agency effort is urgently needed to address this significant public health concern of the overmedication of people with intellectual disabilities and/or ASD.
Association of depression with mortality in nationwide twins: The mediating role of dementia
Authors: Yang Wenzhe , Wang Zhiyu , Li Xuerui , Qi Xiuying , Zhang Lulu , Pan Kuan-Yu , Xu Weili 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
The differential impact of depression across different periods in life on mortality remains inconclusive. We aimed to examine the association of depression that occurs at different age with all-cause mortality, and to explore the roles of dementia, as well as genetic and early-life environmental factors, in this association.

Methods
From the Swedish Twin Registry, 44,919 twin individuals were followed for up to 18 years. Depression was ascertained using the National Patient Registry and categorized as early-life (<45 years), midlife (45–64 years), and late-life (≥65 years) depression according to the age of the first diagnosis. Deaths were identified through the Cause of Death Register. Generalized estimating equation, generalized structural equation, and conditional logistic regression were used for unmatched, mediation, and co-twin matched analyses, respectively.

Results
In unmatched analyses, the multivariate-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of mortality were 1.71 (1.46–2.00) for depression at any age, 1.72 (1.36–2.17) for early-life, 1.51 (1.19–1.90) for midlife, and 4.10 (2.02–8.34) for late-life depression. Mortality was significantly higher in individuals with late-life depression than those with earlier-life depression (p < 0.05). The mediation analysis showed that 59.83% of the depression-mortality association was mediated by dementia. No significant difference in ORs between the unmatched and co-twin matched analyses was observed (p = 0.09).

Conclusions
Depression is associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality, and dementia mediates approximately 60% of the impact of depression on mortality in late life. Genetic and early-life environmental factors may not play a significant role in the depression-mortality association.
Graphene hyperbolic metamaterials: Fundamentals and applications
Authors: Ji Zitao , Li Zhi-Yuan , Liang Wenyao 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Metamaterials have shown potential for next-generation optical materials since they have special electromagnetic responses which cannot be obtained in natural media. Among various metamaterials, hyperbolic metamaterials (HMMs) with highly anisotropic hyperbolic dispersion provide new ways to manipulate electromagnetic waves. Besides, graphene has attracted lots of attention since it possesses excellent optoelectronic properties. Graphene HMMs combine the extraordinary properties of graphene and the strong light modulation capability of HMMs. The experimental fabrication of graphene HMMs recently proved that graphene HMMs are a good platform for terahertz optical devices. The flexible tunability is a hallmark of graphene-based HMMs devices by external gate voltage, electrostatic biasing, or magnetic field, etc. This review provides an overview of up-to-now studies of graphene HMMs and an outlook for the future of this field.
Recurrent Disease in Patients With Sporadic Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma
Authors: Li Minghao , Prodanov Tamara , Meuter Leah , Kerstens Michiel N , Bechmann Nicole , Prejbisz Aleksander , Remde Hanna , Timmers Henri J L M , Nölting Svenja , Talvacchio Sara , Berends Annika M A , Fliedner Stephanie , Robledo Mercedes , Lenders Jacques W M , Pacak Karel , Eisenhofer Graeme , Pamporaki Christina 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Context
Long-term follow-up has been recommended for patients with pheochromocytoma or paraganglioma (PPGL) due to potential for recurrent disease. However, the need to follow patients with sporadic PPGL has recently become controversial.

Objective
To investigate the prevalence of recurrence among patients with sporadic compared with hereditary PPGL and to identify predictors of recurrence for sporadic disease.

Methods
This multicenter study included retrospective data from 1127 patients with PPGL. In addition to sex and age at primary tumor diagnosis, clinical information included location, size, and catecholamine phenotype of primary tumors, genetic test results, and subsequent development of recurrent and/or metastatic disease. Patients with sporadic PPGL were defined as those with negative genetic test results.

Results
Prevalence of recurrence among patients with sporadic PPGL (14.7%) was lower (P &lt; 0.001) than for patients with pathogenic variants that activate pseudohypoxia pathways (47.5%), but similar to those with variants that activate kinase pathways (14.9%). Among patients with sporadic recurrent PPGL, 29.1% and 17.7% were respectively diagnosed at least 10 and 15 years after first diagnosis. Multivariable regression analysis showed that a noradrenergic/dopaminergic phenotype (HR 2.73; 95% CI, 1.553-4.802; P &lt; 0.001), larger size (HR 1.82; 95% CI, 1.113-2.962; P = 0.017) and extra-adrenal location (HR 1.79; 95% CI, 1.002-3.187; P = 0.049) of primary tumors were independent predictors of recurrence in sporadic PPGL.

Conclusion
Patients with sporadic PPGL require long-term follow-up, as supported by the 14.7% prevalence of recurrent disease, including recurrences at more than 10 years after first diagnosis. The nature of follow-up could be individualized according to tumor size, location, and biochemical phenotype.
The Security State and Securitizing Patriarchies in Postcolonial India
Authors: Grewal Inderpal , Kaur Dipin , Sabherwal Sasha 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This article examines the shifting nature of patriarchy and gender among Sikhs in Indian Punjab through the 1980s and into the 1990s in relation to the Indian state's counterinsurgent policies and practices. The authors’ research reveals that Sikh masculinities were altered during its separatist insurgency as the patriarchal state and communities both relied on violence for their own ends. Specifically, the article argues that the regimes of precolonial and colonial militarism, which constructed hegemonic notions of Sikh masculinity in service to the colonial and postcolonial state, were altered in this period, and that a dominant caste-based warrior masculinity came to be fractured to include a more securitized version. The authors see the targeting of Sikhs as part of a broader process of postcolonial nation making through militarism and security that alters the nature of its patriarchy. The article draws from interviews and fieldwork in Punjab, textual analysis of primary sources, human rights reports, and news articles to reveal the shifting nature of gender and patriarchy in the transnational security state.