bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) during surgically-assisted acceleration of orthodontic treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mousa Mudar Mohammad , Hajeer Mohammad Y , Burhan Ahmad S , Almahdi Wael H 
Published: July 2022

Summary

Background
With the widespread of surgically-assisted orthodontic acceleration, the analysis of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) has become very important to assure patient acceptance and satisfaction before adopting any acceleration procedure.

Objective
This review aimed to critically appraise the available evidence regarding the levels of pain, discomfort, functional impairments, and other patient-reported outcome measures during surgically-assisted acceleration of orthodontic treatment compared with the traditional non-accelerated treatment.

Search methods
Eight electronic bibliographic databases were searched from January 1990 till May 2022. A manual search of the selected orthodontic journals was also undertaken.

Selection criteria
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included in this systematic review on patients undergoing orthodontic treatment with one group subjected to an acceleration procedure.

Data collection and analysis
Cochrane’s risk of bias tool (RoB2 tool) was used to assess the risk of bias of the included RCTs. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) guidelines were used to assess the overall quality of the evidence.

Results
Thirteen RCTs were included in this review (333 patients), and only minimally invasive surgically-assisted acceleration studies were included. Two RCTs were included in the quantitative synthesis of data. After the first day of surgical intervention, the levels of pain and discomfort ranged from mild to moderate in the surgical groups (mean values ranged from 0.8 to 6.8), while it was mild in the control groups. However, on the seventh day after the surgical intervention, the levels of pain, discomfort, swelling, and functional impairments were almost similar between groups. According to the GRADE, the quality of evidence supporting these findings ranged from low to very low.

Conclusions
All surgical interventions were minimally invasive. There was very low to low evidence that acceleration caused mild to moderate pain and discomfort on the first day after the surgical intervention and disappeared completely at one week following surgery. Functional impairments were found within acceptable limits immediately and in the short-term follow-up. More high-quality randomized controlled clinical trials are needed to establish good evidence in this field.

Registration
The protocol of this systematic review was registered in PROSPERO database (CRD42021274481) during the first stages of this review.
Characterization and functional of four mutants of hydroxy fatty acid dehydrogenase from Lactobacillus plantarump-8
Authors: Zhao Wei , Liu Meiqi , Qin Yali , Han Bing , Zhang Feng , Zhao Guofen 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In this study, the hydroxy fatty acid dehydrogenase CLA-DH from Lactobacillus plantarump-8 and its four mutant variants were expressed in Escherichia coli Rosetta (DE3). UV spectrophotometry was employed to verify the catalytic power of the purified CLA-DH to convert ricinoleic acid into 12-oxo-cis-9-octadecenoic acid in the presence of oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). The optimum reaction temperature for CLA-DH was 45°C, with a maintained stability between 20°C and 40°C. The optimal pH for CLA-DH catalytic activity was 6.0–7.0, with a maintained stability at a pH range of 6.0–8.0. In addition, Fe3+ promoted enzyme activity, whereas Cu2+, Zn2+, and Fe2+ inhibited enzyme activity (P &lt; 0.05). The Km, Vmax, Kcat, and Kcat/Km of CLA-DH were determined as 2.19 ± 0.34 μM, 2.06 ± 0.28 μM min−1, 2.00 ± 0.27 min−1, and 0.92 ± 0.02 min−1μM−1, respectively. Site-directed mutagenesis and molecular dynamics simulations demonstrated that both Tyr156 and Ser143 residues play significant roles in the catalysis of CLA-DH, and its solubility is affected by Lys160 and Asp63. Moreover, Gas chromatography determined that recombinant CLA-DH could be successfully applied to Conjugated linoleic acids production.
“Living Well” Trajectories Among Family Caregivers of People With Mild-to-Moderate Dementia in the IDEAL Cohort
Authors: Clare Linda , Gamble Laura D , Martyr Anthony , Sabatini Serena , Nelis Sharon M , Quinn Catherine , Pentecost Claire , Victor Christina , Jones Roy W , Jones Ian R , Knapp Martin , Litherland Rachael , Morris Robin G , Rusted Jennifer M , Thom Jeanette M , Collins Rachel , Henderson Catherine , Matthews Fiona E 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Understanding whether and how caregivers’ capability to “live well” changes over time, and the factors associated with change, could help target effective caregiver support.

Methods
We analyzed 3 time points (12 months apart) of Improving the experience of Dementia and Enhancing Active Life (IDEAL) cohort data from coresident spouse caregivers of community-dwelling individuals who had mild-to-moderate dementia at baseline, using latent growth and growth mixture models. Capability to “live well” was derived from measures of quality of life, well-being, and satisfaction with life.

Results
Data from 995 spouse caregivers at Time 1, 780 at Time 2, and 601 at Time 3 were included. The mean “living well” score decreased slightly over time. We identified 3 classes of caregivers: one with higher baseline scores declining slightly over time (Stable; 66.8%), one with low baseline scores remaining stable (Lower Stable; 26.0%), and one with higher baseline scores showing marked decline (Declining; 7.2%). Scores on baseline measures differentiated the Lower Stable, but not the Declining, from the Stable class. Longitudinally, the Declining class was associated with care recipient cognitive decline and increasing hours providing care, as well as caregiver stress and depression. Findings were similar when caregivers with other kin relationships were included.

Discussion
The findings indicate the importance of prompt identification of, and support for, caregivers at risk of the declining capability to “live well” and may assist in identifying those caregivers who could benefit most from targeted support.
Mouse models of NADK2 deficiency analyzed for metabolic and gene expression changes to elucidate pathophysiology
Authors: Murray G C , Bais P , Hatton C L , Tadenev A L D , Hoffmann B R , Stodola T J , Morelli K H , Pratt S L , Schroeder D , Doty R , Fiehn O , John S W M , Bult C J , Cox G A , Burgess R W 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
NADK2 encodes the mitochondrial form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) kinase, which phosphorylates NAD. Rare recessive mutations in human NADK2 are associated with a syndromic neurological mitochondrial disease that includes metabolic changes, such as hyperlysinemia and 2,4 dienoyl CoA reductase (DECR) deficiency. However, the full pathophysiology resulting from NADK2 deficiency is not known. Here, we describe two chemically induced mouse mutations in Nadk2—S326L and S330P—which cause severe neuromuscular disease and shorten lifespan. The S330P allele was characterized in detail and shown to have marked denervation of neuromuscular junctions by 5 weeks of age and muscle atrophy by 11 weeks of age. Cerebellar Purkinje cells also showed progressive degeneration in this model. Transcriptome profiling on brain and muscle was performed at early and late disease stages. In addition, metabolomic profiling was performed on the brain, muscle, liver and spinal cord at the same ages and on plasma at 5 weeks. Combined transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses identified hyperlysinemia, DECR deficiency and generalized metabolic dysfunction in Nadk2 mutant mice, indicating relevance to the human disease. We compared findings from the Nadk model to equivalent RNA sequencing and metabolomic datasets from a mouse model of infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy, caused by recessive mutations in Pla2g6. This enabled us to identify disrupted biological processes that are common between these mouse models of neurological disease, as well as those processes that are gene-specific. These findings improve our understanding of the pathophysiology of neuromuscular diseases and describe mouse models that will be useful for future preclinical studies.
The impact of fatty acids biosynthesis on the risk of cardiovascular diseases in Europeans and East Asians: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Borges Maria-Carolina , Haycock Phillip , Zheng Jie , Hemani Gibran , Howe Laurence J , Schmidt A Floriaan , Staley James R , Lumbers R Thomas , Henry Albert , Lemaitre Rozenn N , Gaunt Tom R , Holmes Michael V , Davey Smith George , Hingorani Aroon D , Lawlor Deborah A 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Despite early interest, the evidence linking fatty acids to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remains controversial. We used Mendelian randomization to explore the involvement of polyunsaturated (PUFA) and monounsaturated (MUFA) fatty acids biosynthesis in the etiology of several CVD endpoints in up to 1 153 768 European (maximum 123 668 cases) and 212 453 East Asian (maximum 29 319 cases) ancestry individuals. As instruments, we selected single nucleotide polymorphisms mapping to genes with well-known roles in PUFA (i.e. FADS1/2 and ELOVL2) and MUFA (i.e. SCD) biosynthesis. Our findings suggest that higher PUFA biosynthesis rate (proxied by rs174576 near FADS1/2) is related to higher odds of multiple CVDs, particularly ischemic stroke, peripheral artery disease and venous thromboembolism, whereas higher MUFA biosynthesis rate (proxied by rs603424 near SCD) is related to lower odds of coronary artery disease among Europeans. Results were unclear for East Asians as most effect estimates were imprecise. By triangulating multiple approaches (i.e. uni-/multi-variable Mendelian randomization, a phenome-wide scan, genetic colocalization and within-sibling analyses), our results are compatible with higher low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (and possibly glucose) being a downstream effect of higher PUFA biosynthesis rate. Our findings indicate that PUFA and MUFA biosynthesis are involved in the etiology of CVDs and suggest LDL cholesterol as a potential mediating trait between PUFA biosynthesis and CVDs risk.
Evolution and Morphology of Genitalia in Female Amniotes
Authors: Brennan Patricia L R 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Despite their evolutionary and biomedical importance, studies of the morphology and function of female genitalia have continued to lag behind those of male genitalia. While studying female genitalia can be difficult because of their soft, deformable and internal nature, recent advances in imaging, geometric analyses of shape and mechanical testing have been made, allowing for a much greater understanding of the incredible diversity of form and function of female genitalia. Here, we summarize some of these methods, as well as discuss some big questions in the field that are beginning to be examined now, and will continue to benefit from further work, especially a comparative approach. Topics of further research include examination of the morphology of female genitalia in situ, in-depth anatomical work in many more species, studies of the interplay between natural and sexual selection in influencing features of vaginal morphology, how these diverse functions influence the mechanical properties of tissues, and studies of clitoris morphology and function across amniotes. Many other research topics related to female genitalia remain largely unexplored, and we hope that the papers in this issue will continue to inspire further research on female genitalia.
Fast global spectral methods for three-dimensional partial differential equations
Authors: Strössner Christoph , Kressner Daniel 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Global spectral methods offer the potential to compute solutions of partial differential equations numerically to very high accuracy. In this work, we develop a novel global spectral method for linear partial differential equations on cubes by extending the ideas of Chebop2 (Townsend, A. & Olver, S. (2015) The automatic solution of partial differential equations using a global spectral method. J. Comput. Phys., 299, 106–123) to the three-dimensional setting utilizing expansions in tensorized polynomial bases. Solving the discretized partial differential equation involves a linear system that can be recast as a linear tensor equation. Under suitable additional assumptions, the structure of these equations admits an efficient solution via the blocked recursive solver (Chen, M. & Kressner, D. (2020) Recursive blocked algorithms for linear systems with Kronecker product structure. Numer. Algorithms, 84, 1199–1216). In the general case, when these assumptions are not satisfied, this solver is used as a preconditioner to speed up computations.
Single-Dose Vaccination Among Infants and Toddlers Provides Modest Protection Against Influenza Illness, Which Wanes After 5 Months
Authors: Wagner Abram L , Sanchez Nery , Kubale John , Kuan Guillermina , Gresh Lionel , Lopez Roger , Ojeda Sergio , Azziz-Baumgartner Eduardo , Balmaseda Angel , Gordon Aubree 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In their first season of vaccination, young children are recommended 2 doses of influenza vaccine, but a 2-dose schedule might be difficult to implement in many countries. Within a cohort study of 742 children aged 6 to &lt;24 months in Managua, Nicaragua, this study estimated effectiveness of partial vaccination from 3 to 9 months postvaccination. Vaccine effectiveness was 74% (95% confidence interval [CI], 24%–91%) within 3 months and 55% (95% CI, 10%–77%) within 4 months. There was not significant protection beyond 5 months. Partial vaccination might confer some benefits but should be followed by a second dose.
The Dream of Formality: Racialization Otherwise and International Economic Law
Authors: Alessandrini Donatella , Cortes-Nieto Johanna del Pilar , Eslava Luis , Yilmaz Vastardis Anil 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
This article explores the central role of formalization in the history and functioning of international economic law. International economic law, in constituting and managing a ‘modern’ world economy, has relied on what we call ‘the dream of formality’. This dream gives a sense of internal coherence and future totality to international economic law. It enables international economic law to claim awareness and progressive inclusion of socio-economic and legal relations outside the ‘formal’ modern economy while enabling a regime of differentiation of the so-called ‘surplus’—often racialized—population. In a world where ‘informality’ is the norm and ‘formality’ is the exception, formalization’s colonial origins have evolved into a fully-fledged regime of social management and value extraction. This regime has embedded itself in international labour law and human rights, as well as in areas of international economic law such as Aid for Trade and Global Value Chains. Building on contemporary debates on racial and post-colonial capitalism, we focus on Colombia’s informal economy to illustrate the elusiveness of the dream of formality, and how current exercises of othering underpin today’s practices of ‘racialization otherwise’. Our question, then, is: what would international economic law look like if it did not follow the dream of formality but instead embraced the challenge of sustaining life?
Anthropometrics Impact Army Combat Fitness Test Performance in Reserve Officer Training Corps Cadets
Authors: Agostinelli Philip J , Linder Braxton A , Frick Katherine A , Sefton JoEllen M 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Fitness is a vital component in military success. The Army is in the process of implementing a new assessment for soldier fitness, the Army Combat Fitness Test (ACFT). Success on the assessment is a major factor in job assignments and promotional opportunities. This generates questions related to modifiable (i.e., fitness and body composition) and non-modifiable (i.e., limb length and testing equipment) factors impacting performance. Currently, anthropometrics differences in ACFT performance have not been investigated. Thus, this study aimed to assess the impact of anthropometrics on ACFT performance in Reserve Officer Training Corps Cadets.

Materials and Methods
Anthropometric measures and ACFT scores were collected from Reserve Officer Training Corps cadets (n = 105, age: 20.4 ± 2.4 years, body mass index: 25.0 ± 2.8 kg/m2, and M/F = 84/21). All ACFT events were evaluated by certified graders. Measurement locations were based on established anthropometric assessment standards and previous research (hand, lower arm, upper arm, upper leg, lower leg, and torso lengths). The study was approved by the Auburn University Institutional Review Board (protocol code #21-410).

Results
There were weak correlations between hand length and three-repetition maximum deadlift [0.393; P ≤ .001], standing power throw [0.399; P ≤ .001], sprint-drag-carry [−0.315; P = .002], and ACFT score [0.212; P = .035]. The lower leg had weak correlations with standing power throw [0.249; P = .013], sprint-drag-carry [−0.215; P = .033], and ACFT score [0.213; P = .034]. Hand and lower leg length impacted individual event performances when comparing shortest and longest limb lengths [all P values &lt;.05].

Conclusions
Hand and lower leg length significantly impact ACFT performance. These results present practical information to individuals responsible for developing protocols and scoring for the ACFT. Reassessment of events and the equipment utilized are warranted to assure that event performance is not hindered by a non-modifiable factor that is not representative of fitness or occupational demands. Future work should investigate how different trap-bar and kettlebell handle sizes, as well as medicine ball sizes, impact performance on the ACFT.
Non-LTE abundances of zinc in different spectral type stars and the Galactic [Zn/Fe] trend based on quantum-mechanical data on inelastic processes in zinc-hydrogen collisions
Authors: Sitnova T M , Yakovleva S A , Belyaev A K , Mashonkina L I 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
We present a new model atom of Zn i-Zn ii based on the most up-to-date photoionization cross-sections, electron-impact excitation rates, and rate coefficients for the Zn i + H i and Zn ii + H− collisions. The latter were calculated using the multichannel quantum asymptotic treatment based on the Born–Oppenheimer approach. Non-LTE analysis was performed for the first time for lines of Zn i and Zn ii in the ultraviolet (UV) spectra of two very metal-poor reference stars: HD 84937 and HD 140283. We found consistent non-LTE abundance from the resonance Zn i 2138 Å line, the subordinate lines, and the lines of Zn ii. In both stars, non-LTE leads to 0.17 dex higher average abundance from Zn i, while, for Zn ii lines, non-LTE corrections are minor and do not exceed 0.06 dex. Using lines of Zn i in the high-resolution spectra, we determined the non-LTE abundances for a sample of 80 stars in the −2.5 ≤ [Fe/H] ≤ 0.2 metallicity range. The [Zn/Fe] versus [Fe/H] diagram reveals a dip, with [Zn/Fe] ≃ 0.3 in the most metal-poor stars, a close-to-solar value for [Fe/H] ∼−1.2, and increasing [Zn/Fe] up to 0.3 in the thick disc stars. The close-to-solar metallicity stars have subsolar [Zn/H] ≃ −0.1, on average. Non-LTE abundances of zinc were derived for the first time for seven reference F- to B-type stars. We provide a grid of the non-LTE abundance corrections.
Stereoscopic diagnosing of a filament-cavity flux rope system by tracing the path of a two-sided-loop jet
Authors: Tan Song , Shen Yuandeng , Zhou Xinping , Duan Yadan , Tang Zehao , Zhou Chengrui , Yao Surui 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
The fine magnetic structure is vitally important to understanding the formation, stabilization, and eruption of solar filaments, but so far, it is still an open question yet to be resolved. Using stereoscopic observations taken by the Solar Dynamics Observatory and Solar TErrestrial RElations Obsevatory, we studied the generation mechanism of a two-sided-loop jet (TJ) and the ejection process of the jet plasma into the overlying filament-cavity system. We find that the generation of the two-sided-loop jet was due to the magnetic reconnection between an emerging flux loop and the overlying filament. The jet’s two arms ejected along the filament axis during the initial stage. Then, the north arm bifurcated into two parts at about 50 Mm from the reconnection site. After the bifurcation, the two bifurcated parts were along the filament axis and the cavity which hosted the filament, respectively. By tracing the ejecting plasma flows of the TJ inside the filament, we not only measured that the magnetic twist stored in the filament was at least 5π but also found that the fine magnetic structure of the filament-cavity flux rope system is in well agreement with the theoretical results of Magnetic flux rope models.
The Use of Preferred Music to Improve the Sleep Quality of a High School Athlete with Post-Concussion Syndrome
Authors: Smith Rebekah , Layman Deborah 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Difficulty sleeping is a common long-term complaint for those who have experienced head trauma and brain injury (Hvingelby, 2020). A lack of sleep can lead to neurological dysfunction and reduce the ability to regulate thinking and behavior (Tan, 2004). Music therapy can promote sleep quality and may be an effective, safe, and affordable treatment for those with sleep problems (Kavurmaci et al., 2020). This study aimed to examine the use of preferred music to improve the self-reported sleep quality, pain, and mood of a high school athlete with post-concussion syndrome. A single-subject, quasi-experimental design was used to examine the use of a preferred music playlist to promote relaxation and sleep in conjunction with weekly live music therapy telehealth sessions. Results indicated an increase in relaxation and ability to sleep, along with improved mood and decreased pain. The results of this study suggest that music therapy may be helpful in addressing pain, mood, and sleep quality in individuals who have experienced concussions.
Notable predominant morphology of the smallest most abundant protozoa of the open ocean revealed by electron microscopy
Authors: Kamennaya Nina A , Kennaway Gabrielle , Sleigh Michael A , Zubkov Mikhail V 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In the microbe-driven ecosystems of the open ocean, the small heterotrophic flagellates (sHF) are the chief microbial predators and recyclers of essential nutrients to phototrophic microbes. Even with intensive molecular phylogenetic studies of the sHF, the origins of their feeding success remain obscure because of limited understanding of their morphological adaptations to feeding. Here, we examined the sHF morphologies in the largest, most oligotrophic South Pacific and Atlantic (sub)tropical gyres and adjacent mesotrophic waters. On four research cruises, the sHF cells were flow cytometrically sorted from bacterioplankton and phytoplankton for electron microscopy. The sorted sHF comprised chiefly heterokont (HK) biflagellates and unikont choanoflagellates numerically at around 10-to-1 ratio. Of the four differentiated morphological types of HK omnipresent in the open ocean, the short-tinsel heterokont (stHK), whose tinsel flagellum is too short to propagate a complete wave, is predominant and a likely candidate to be the most abundant predator on Earth. Modeling shows that the described stHK propulsion is effective in feeding on bacterioplankton cells at low concentrations; however, owing to general prey scarcity in the oligotrophic ocean, selective feeding is unsustainable and omnivory is equally obligatory for the seven examined sHF types irrespective of their mode of propulsion.