bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A simple approach to analysing trace metals in aerosols produced by e‐cigarettes
Authors: Haworth‐Duff Adam , Parkes Gareth M. B. , Reed Natasha J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractElectronic cigarettes are a relatively new alternative to cigarettes, which have been marketed as being safer for users than conventional cigarettes. However, they may still result in inhalation of potentially toxic or carcinogenic substances, including metals produced by the heating element. This study looked at the levels of trace metals being produced by different atomizers used in e‐cigarettes using a sample introduction technique based on the collection of aerosols produced by e‐cigarettes in nitric acid, using glass midget impingers. Collected metals were then identified using an inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometer (ICP‐MS), which allowed detection in the low ppb range. Results obtained showed considerable variation in the levels of metals between both manufacturers of atomizers and also between different batches of coils. This variation is likely to be even greater if the ability of users to customise some types of e‐cigarettes is considered. Although there are limitations in terms of possible interferences from other metallic components in the e‐cigarettes, the findings suggest the proposed method could be of use in investigating the risk of inhalation of toxic metals from e‐cigarette use.
New insight: particle flow rate from the airways as an indicator of cardiac failure in the intensive care unit
Authors: Lindstedt Sandra , Hyllen Snejana 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimsExhaled breath particles have been explored for diagnosing different lung diseases. We recently showed in an experimental model that different cardiac output results in different particle flow rate (PFR) from the airways. Given the well‐known close relationship between impaired cardiac function and respiratory failure, we hypothesized that PFR in exhaled air can be used to detect cardiac failure.MethodsPFR was analysed using a customized PExA device. Particles in the range of 0.41–4.55 μm were measured. The included patients (n = 20) underwent cardiac surgery and received mechanical ventilation as a part of routine post‐operative care. Ten patients with clinical signs of pronounced post‐operative haemodynamic instability and need for inotrope or mechanical support had been selected to the cardiac failure group. The control group consisted of 10 patients without signs of cardiac failure.ResultsThe patients in cardiac failure group required inotropic support in the form of dobutamine (9/10), epinephrine (2/10), or levosimendan (4/10) or use of an intra‐aortic balloon pump (4/10). There was no use of inotropes or mechanical support devices among the controls. All patients in the cardiac failure group had pre‐operative left ventricular ejection fraction ≤40% compared with the control group, whose pre‐operative ejection fraction was ≥50%, P < 0.001. Patients with cardiac failure had significantly longer median total time in mechanical ventilation compared with the patients in the control group: 53.5 h (IQR 6.8–116101.0 h) and 4.5 h (IQR 4.0–5.5 h), respectively, P < 0.001, and the median length of stay in the ICU, 165 h (IQR 28–192 h) and 22 h (IQR 20–23.5 h), respectively, P = 0.007. Median PFR in patients with cardiac failure was higher than PFR in those with normal cardiac function: 80.9 particles/min (interquartile range (IQR) 25.8–336.6 particles/min), vs. 15.3 particles/min (IQR 8.1–17.7 particles/min), respectively, P < 0.001. Median particle mass was 8.95 ng (IQR 1.68–41.73 ng) in the cardiac failure group and 0.75 ng (IQR 0.18–1.45 ng) in the control group, P = 0.002.ConclusionsPatients with post‐operative cardiac failure following cardiac surgery exhibited an increase in exhaled particle mass and PFR compared with the control group, indicating a significant difference between those two groups. The increase in particle mass and PFR in the absence of respiratory pathologies may indicate cardiac failure. In comparison with controls, impaired cardiac function was also associated with different composition of the particles regarding their size distribution.
Phosphorescent and Test Strips Detection Properties of ClO− Probes Based on Iridium(III) Complexes with Pivaloyl Unit as Recognition Site
Authors: Xu Sha , Fan Congbin , Wu Caixin , Zhang Daobin , Pu Shouzhi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThree green phosphorescent Iridium(III) complex‐based probes with different ligands (Cl− (Ir‐1), NCS− (Ir‐2) and NCO− (Ir‐3)) had been developed to detect hypochlorite (ClO−) using pivaloyl group as recognition site. The introduction of strong field ligand NCS and NCO caused an increase of quantum yields and phosphorescent lifetime both in solid and solution states. All the three probes could selectively and rapidly detect ClO− through the changes in UV‐visible and phosphorescence spectra. Upon addition of ClO− to the solution of probes, green phosphorescent color of probes displayed obvious quench. Meanwhile, using a portable UV lamp, test strips which were pre‐immersed with the above‐mentioned probes could achieve easy detection of ClO−. The sensing process was confirmed by NMR, IR and ESI‐MS.
Odorless, Transition‐Metal‐Free N‐Sulfenylation of Sulfoximines with Thiosulfonates under Mild Conditions
Authors: Kang Xiaokang , Wang Helin , Zeng Qingle 
Published: November 2022

AbstractN‐Sulfenylation of sulfoximines with thiosulfonates under mild conditions was disclosed. By our method, a series of aliphatic and aromatic N‐sulfenyl sulfoximines were synthesized with good to excellent yields in the absence of transition metals. The applicability of this method was demonstrated by gram scale experiments.
Parallelizing the cryo‐EM structure determination in THUNDER using GPU cluster
Authors: Wang Zhao , Ruan Huabin , Yang Guangwen , Li Xueming 
Published: November 2022

AbstractElectron cryo‐microscopy (cryo‐EM) is a powerful tool utilized by biologists for understanding the mysteries of life. However, obtaining high‐resolution 3D reconstructions from innumerable noisy images of macromolecules is an extremely complicated task, involving massive image analysis and calculation on a computing cluster. Although extensive efforts have been made for improving the computational efficiency, methods for completely utilizing the computing resources are still challenging for modern cryo‐EM programs. Here, we designed a new computing approach specialized for GPU to optimize and maximize the computing power of a single GPU, multiple GPU, and the GPU cluster, highlighted by a well‐designed cache structure and mixed computing precision of single‐precision and double‐precision. Our approaches achieved remarkable improvement in performance and linear scalability. At an identical cost of the hardware, three‐fold more speed‐up was achieved. The average parallel efficiency can increase up to 84% when multiple GPU configurations are parallelized.
Deep neural network‐based regional seismic loss assessment considering correlation between EDP residuals of building structures
Authors: Kang Chulyoung , Kim Taeyong , Kwon Oh‐Sung , Song Junho 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRegional seismic loss assessment is essential for developing an emergency response plan in the event of an earthquake, which can reduce casualties and socioeconomic losses in an urban community. The uncertainties and correlations of structures’ engineering demand parameters (EDP) should be adequately considered to evaluate the community‐level seismic risk. Recently, the authors proposed an incremental dynamic analysis‐based method and regression‐based models to estimate the variances and correlations of residuals in EDP termed “EDP residuals.” The quantified uncertainties of the EDP residuals facilitate the accurate evaluation of the regional seismic performance. Still, the computational cost required in the estimation process makes its application a challenge. This study proposes two frameworks for regional seismic loss assessment based on deep neural networks (DNNs) to extend the applicability of EDP residual estimation and improve its accuracy. The first framework estimates the EDP residuals of buildings by combining the EDP residuals of various single‐degree‐of‐freedom (SDOF) systems through the modal combination rules. Three DNN models are constructed to predict the EDP residuals of SDOF systems. The second framework predicts the EDP residuals of buildings directly using two DNN models. The proposed frameworks are verified by numerical examples of regional seismic loss assessment, for which time history‐based “exact” solutions exist. The supporting source code, data, and trained models are available for download at https://github.com/TyongKim/EDP_residual.Highlights
The importance of considering EDP residual correlation in seismic system reliability analysis is demonstrated.
Two DNN‐based frameworks are developed to estimate EDP residuals of building structures.
Modal combination rule is employed to utilize EDP residuals of SDOF systems representing structural modes.
DNN models are constructed to predict EDP residuals of SDOF and MDOF systems.
Accuracy and applicability of DNN‐based frameworks are successfully demonstrated by example of regional seismic loss assessment.
Excessive consumption of the sugar rich longan fruit promoted the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease via mediating gut dysbiosis
Authors: Wu Xu , Huang Huimin , Li Mingxing , Wang Yi , Wu Xiaoxiao , Wang Qin , Shen Jing , Xiao Zhangang , Zhao Yueshui , Du Fukuan , Chen Yu , Yang Yifei , Zhao Qianyun , Zeng Jiuping , He Yisheng , Xiao Jianbo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractControversy exists as toward the association of excessive fruits intake and certain disease risks. Longan is an edible fruit rich in high levels of fructose, glucose and sucrose. Herein, the effect of longan fruit on the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was investigated. Longan extracts at the doses of 4.0 g/kg, 8.0, and 16.0 g/kg were orally administered for 4 weeks to healthy C57BL/6J mice or to C57BL/6J mice fed with a HFD diet. In mice fed with a normal diet, repeated longan intake for 4 weeks at excess doses (8 or 16 g/kg), but not the normal dose (4 g/kg), promoted inflammation and gut dysbiosis‐like status and reduced short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production. In high‐fat diet (HFD)‐fed mice, longan intake at 4 g/kg hardly influenced the NAFLD development. In contrast, excess longan intake (8 or 16 g/kg) promoted NAFLD pathogenesis, including increased abnormality in hepatic indices, elevated inflammation, and gut permeability associated with more severe liver steatosis and fibrosis. Moreover, the exacerbated pathogenic markers were positively correlated with increased blood sugar, aggravated HFD‐associated microbial dysbiosis. Effects mediated by excess longan intake resembled that of equivalent free sugars supplementation, suggesting that high level of free sugars in fruits contributed to the promotion of NAFLD development as demonstrated in case of excessive longan intake.
Expanding the molecular spectrum of gene fusions in endometrial stromal sarcoma: Novel subunits of the chromatin remodeling complexes PRC2 and NuA4/TIP60 as alternative fusion partners
Authors: Dermawan Josephine K. , Dashti Nooshin , Chiang Sarah , Turashvili Gulisa , Dickson Brendan C. , Ellenson Lora H. , Kirchner Martina , Stenzinger Albrecht , Mechtersheimer Gunhild , Agaimy Abbas , Antonescu Cristina R. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractEndometrial stromal sarcomas (ESS) are morphologically and molecularly heterogeneous. We report novel gene fusions (EPC1::EED, EPC1::EZH2, ING3::PHF1) identified by targeted RNA sequencing in five cases. The ING3::PHF1‐fusion positive ESS presented in a 58‐year‐old female as extrauterine mesocolonic, ovarian masses, and displayed large, monomorphic ovoid‐to‐epithelioid cells arranged in solid sheets. The patient remained alive with disease 13 months after surgery. The three ESS with EPC1::EED occurred in the uterine corpus in patients with a median age of 58 years (range 27–62 years). One tumor showed a uniform epithelioid nested morphology, while the other two were composed of monomorphic spindle cells in fascicles with elevated mitotic figures, focal tumor cell necrosis, and lymphovascular invasion. At a median follow‐up of 20 months, two patients developed local recurrence, including one with concomitant distant metastasis, while one patient remained free of disease. All three patients were alive at the last follow‐up. The EPC1::EZH2‐fusion positive ESS presented in a 52‐year‐old female in the uterus, and displayed uniform spindled cells arranged in short fascicles, with focally elevated mitotic activity but without necrosis. The patient remained free of disease 3 months after surgery. All cases were diffusely positive for CD10; four diffusely express estrogen and progesterone receptors. Our study expands the molecular spectrum of EPC1 and PHF1‐related gene fusions in ESS to include additional novel subunits of the PRC2 and/or NuA4/TIP60 complexes. These cases displayed a monomorphic epithelioid or spindled phenotype, spanning low‐grade and high‐grade cytomorphology, all expressing CD10 and commonly ER and PR, and are prone to local and/or distant spread.
Regulatory focus climate, organizational structure, and employee ambidexterity: An interactive multilevel model
Authors: Boemelburg Raphael , Berger Stefan , Jansen Justin J. P. , Bruch Heike 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPrior research suggests that the organizational context supports the emergence of employee ambidexterity; however, the interplay between formal and informal context has been largely unexplored. We analyze this interplay with a multilevel, multisource data set of 2446 individual employees nested in 77 organizations. We find that a promotion climate—unlike a prevention climate—contributes to employee ambidexterity. In addition, formalization positively moderates the effects of both promotion and prevention climate on employee ambidexterity, while centralization weakens the positive effect of promotion climate. Our results advance a contingency perspective that brings together formal and informal contextual drivers of employee ambidexterity and shows that even though an informal climate signals the preferred manner of goal pursuit, a formal structure affects the impact of such signals by delineating opportunity corridors of admissible behaviors.
A decadal record of soil moisture space–time variability over a south‐east Australian catchment
Authors: Senanayake Indishe P. , Yeo In‐Young , Hancock Gregory R. , Willgoose Garry R. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSemi‐arid to temperate south‐east Australian catchments with agricultural landscapes demonstrate unique hydro‐climatic characteristics. Understanding the behaviour of soil moisture over such catchments and the influence of driving factors are crucial for hydrologic, climatic and agricultural applications. However, this is challenging due the complex, non‐linear relationship between these factors and soil moisture, and the lack of long‐term catchment scale data records. To address this, spatial and temporal patterns of soil moisture over two south‐east Australian river catchments (i.e., Krui and Merriwa) and the influence of soil texture, topography, vegetation and rainfall on soil moisture variability were evaluated using a decadal in‐situ dataset. This unique in‐situ soil moisture monitoring network is established over a semi‐arid to temperate catchment representing typical south‐east Australian agricultural landscape and the data record has captured some major climatic events. Time stability of catchment‐scale soil moisture and the potential of predicting catchment mean soil moisture content using one representative station were also examined using a linear regression model. Soil texture was found as the dominating factor driving the spatial variability of soil moisture in the area. The temporal patterns of soil moisture showed a positive agreement with vegetation dynamics and rainfall at topsoil layers (0–5 cm and 0–30 cm). A higher spatial variability of soil moisture was observed during dry catchment conditions compared to wet catchment conditions. The deeper soil layers (30–60 cm and 60–90 cm) showed highly stable soil moisture values, which might be the driving force of the agriculture in the area. A linear regression based prediction model demonstrated a good potential in estimating spatial mean soil moisture content from one representative station. The results are useful in parameterization of soil moisture variability in land surface, climatic and hydrologic models, agricultural applications and in remote sensing of soil moisture.
Malignant transformation of rectal endometriosis: Preoperative diagnosis by endorectal ultrasound guided biopsy
Authors: Liang Zhuo‐hua , Cheng Wen‐jie , Liu Yiming , Zhang Feng , Chen Shu‐ting , Zhou Jie , Liu Guang‐jian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe prevalence of malignant transformation of endometriotic lesions is estimated between 0.3% and 1%. Malignant transformations of endometriosis occur in the colorectum is rarer, accounting for 0.25%. Because the malignant transformation of colorectal endometriosis rarely involves mucosa, it is difficult to obtain abnormal tissue by routine endoscopic biopsy. In this case, we evaluated a patient with a rectal mass by endorectal ultrasound (ERUS) and performed endorectal ultrasound‐guided biopsy (EGB). Malignant transformations of endometriosis were confirmed by histological result. For patients with rectal tumors but with negative findings on colonoscopy and biopsy, ERUS and EGB contribute to preoperative diagnosis.
The third inactivated vaccine booster dramatically enhanced SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody responses and did not influence the profile of prothrombotic antibody
Authors: Pan Yunbao , Wang Shilin , Liu Guohong , Wang Liping , Yang Liu , Zeng Xiaojiao , Qian Chungen , Lin Jun , Pan Zhenyu , Li Yirong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to investigate the production of both severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2)‐specific antibodies and autoantibodies in serum following the third booster vaccination of the inactivated COVID‐19 vaccine, and to study the effect of B cell subsets with CD27 and CD38 phenotypes in peripheral blood on antibody production. Routine blood indexes, SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies, platelet factor 4 and seven antiphospholipid antibodies were detected both before and 2 months after vaccination in the medical staff of the Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University. Peripheral blood B cell subtypes were detected before vaccination. Following immunization, the positive rate of anti‐N‐S1 immunoglobulin (IgG) had increased from 24.8% to 91.3% and the average antibody concentration had increased by 11 times. The positive rate of neutralizing antibody had increased from 24.8% to 91.3%, the average antibody concentration had increased by 12 times, and the primary increased anti‐S1 IgG subtype was that of IgG1. Peripheral blood CD27 + CD38+ B cells were positively correlated with antibody levels after vaccination and were a predictor of the antibody response. In addition, although some indicators showed slight absolute changes, the blood parameters and antiphospholipid antibodies of most volunteers were normal both before and after COVID‐19 inactivated vaccine inoculation, and there was no statistical difference in abnormal rates either before or after inoculation. Antibodies in vivo were increased after vaccination with the inactivated vaccine, and IgG1 was the main subtype involved in response to the vaccine. Vaccination with the inactivated COVID‐19 vaccine did not appear to affect thrombus‐related autoantibodies.
Accurate segmentation of small targets for LCD defects using deep convolutional neural networks
Authors: Chen Mingfang , Chen Songlin , Wang Sen , Cui Yu , Chen Ping 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFor the purpose of effectively solving the problems of manual inspection of thin‐film transistor–liquid crystal display (TFT‐LCD) with spot Mura high leakage rate and time consuming, this article proposes a visual detection method for LCD defects based on Mask R‐CNN convolutional neural network. In this article, a new feature extraction network is built by fusing ResNet with efficient channel attention (ECA) channel attention mechanism, and a new feature fusion network is constructed by adding ECA channel attention mechanism to Feature Pyramid Network (FPN). In the dataset of self‐made display defect images collected at the production site, the current more advanced segmentation network was compared qualitatively and quantitatively with our method, and the results showed that the proposed method was more accurate in detecting spot Mura, with a detection accuracy of 91%.
Low‐Intensity Focused Ultrasound Ameliorates Ischemic Heart Failure Related to the Cholinergic Anti‐Inflammatory Pathway
Authors: Zhong Shenrong , Cai Qianyun , Zhong Longhe , Wang Yuegang , Liang Fengchu , Deng Zhe , Li Shasha , Zha Daogang , Qiu Weibao , Wu Juefei 
Published: November 2022

ObjectivesThis study aims to determine the effect of low‐intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU) in ischemic heart failure (IHF) and explore the potential neuroimmune mechanism.MethodsSprague–Dawley rats were subjected to ultrasound (US) with specific parameters, and electrocardiograms were recorded to analyze the effect of LIFU and/or vagal denervation on heart rate. Thereafter, myocardial infarction (MI) was induced by left anterior artery ligation, and LIFU was performed three times a day for 25 days after MI. Echocardiography, Masson staining, and ELISA were used to evaluate the effect of LIFU on the structure and function of the heart. Finally, ELISA, flow cytometry, qRT‐PCR, and Western blot analysis were performed to determine the effect of LIFU on the inflammation and the expression of the cholinergic anti‐inflammatory pathway (CAP)‐related mediators.ResultsLIFU reduced heart rate in rats (control vs LIFU, P < .01), and vagotomy (VT) eliminated this effect of LIFU on heart rate (VT vs LIFU + VT, P > .01). LIFU‐ameliorated IHF in terms of cardiac structure and function (MI vs MI + LIFU, P < .01), but VT abrogated the beneficial effect of LIFU (MI + VT vs MI + LIFU + VT, P > .01). After the treatment of LIFU, decreased levels of inflammatory cytokines, increased proportion of anti‐inflammatory macrophages, and increased expression of CAP‐related mediators (MI vs MI + LIFU, P < .01).ConclusionsLIFU ameliorates IHF whereas the CAP plays a promising role. LIFU has the potential to be a novel nonpharmacological and noninvasive therapy for the treatment of coronary artery disease and other cardiovascular diseases.
Cones of lines having high contact with general hypersurfaces and applications
Authors: Bastianelli Francesco , Ciliberto Ciro , Flamini Flaminio , Supino Paola 
Published: November 2022

AbstractGiven a smooth hypersurface of degree , we study the cones swept out by lines having contact order at a point . In particular, we prove that if X is general, then for any and , the cone has dimension exactly . Moreover, when X is a very general hypersurface of degree , we describe the relation between the cones and the degree of irrationality of k‐dimensional subvarieties of X passing through a general point of X. As an application, we give some bounds on the least degree of irrationality of k‐dimensional subvarieties of X passing through a general point of X, and we prove that the connecting gonality of X satisfies .
Restricted estimates of the fractional integral on the diagonal
Authors: Chen Ting , Sun Wenchang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFor a function in a mixed‐norm Lebesgue space, we study the restriction of its fractional integral on the diagonal. We show that the restriction is weakly bounded when the indices satisfy certain conditions. We give a complete characterization of such indices. To prove this result, we generalize a classical result on operators that commute with translations.