bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of machine learning support for reading whole body diffusion-weighted MRI (WB-MRI) in myeloma for the detection and quantification of the extent of disease before and after treatment (MALIMAR): protocol for a cross-sectional diagnostic test accuracy study
Authors: Satchwell Laura , Wedlake Linda , Greenlay Emily , Li Xingfeng , Messiou Christina , Glocker Ben , Barwick Tara , Barfoot Theodore , Doran Simon , Leach Martin O , Koh Dow Mu , Kaiser Martin , Winzeck Stefan , Qaiser Talha , Aboagye Eric , Rockall Andrea 
Published: October 2022

IntroductionWhole-body MRI (WB-MRI) is recommended by the National Institute of Clinical Excellence as the first-line imaging tool for diagnosis of multiple myeloma. Reporting WB-MRI scans requires expertise to interpret and can be challenging for radiologists who need to meet rapid turn-around requirements. Automated computational tools based on machine learning (ML) could assist the radiologist in terms of sensitivity and reading speed and would facilitate improved accuracy, productivity and cost-effectiveness. The MALIMAR study aims to develop and validate a ML algorithm to increase the diagnostic accuracy and reading speed of radiological interpretation of WB-MRI compared with standard methods.Methods and analysisThis phase II/III imaging trial will perform retrospective analysis of previously obtained clinical radiology MRI scans and scans from healthy volunteers obtained prospectively to implement training and validation of an ML algorithm. The study will comprise three project phases using approximately 633 scans to (1) train the ML algorithm to identify active disease, (2) clinically validate the ML algorithm and (3) determine change in disease status following treatment via a quantification of burden of disease in patients with myeloma. Phase 1 will primarily train the ML algorithm to detect active myeloma against an expert assessment (‘reference standard’). Phase 2 will use the ML output in the setting of radiology reader study to assess the difference in sensitivity when using ML-assisted reading or human-alone reading. Phase 3 will assess the agreement between experienced readers (with and without ML) and the reference standard in scoring both overall burden of disease before and after treatment, and response.Ethics and disseminationMALIMAR has ethical approval from South Central—Oxford C Research Ethics Committee (REC Reference: 17/SC/0630). IRAS Project ID: 233501. CPMS Portfolio adoption (CPMS ID: 36766). Participants gave informed consent to participate in the study before taking part. MALIMAR is funded by National Institute for Healthcare Research Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation funding (NIHR EME Project ID: 16/68/34). Findings will be made available through peer-reviewed publications and conference dissemination.Trial registration numberNCT03574454.
How do hospital inpatients conceptualise patient safety? A qualitative interview study using constructivist grounded theory
Authors: Barrow Emily , Lear Rachael A , Morbi Abigail , Long Susannah , Darzi Ara , Mayer Erik , Archer Stephanie 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundEfforts to involve patients in patient safety continue to revolve around professionally derived notions of minimising clinical risk, yet evidence suggests that patients hold perspectives on patient safety that are distinct from clinicians and academics. This study aims to understand how hospital inpatients across three different specialties conceptualise patient safety and develop a conceptual model that reflects their perspectives.MethodsA qualitative semi-structured interview study was conducted with 24 inpatients across three clinical specialties (medicine for the elderly, elective surgery and maternity) at a large central London teaching hospital. An abbreviated form of constructivist grounded theory was employed to analyse interview transcripts. Constant comparative analysis and memo-writing using the clustering technique were used to develop a model of how patients conceptualise patient safety.ResultsWhile some patients described patient safety using terms consistent with clinical/academic definitions, patients predominantly conceptualised patient safety in the context of what made them ‘feel safe’. Patients’ feelings of safety arose from a range of care experiences involving specific actors: hospital staff, the patient, their friends/family/carers, and the healthcare organisation. Four types of experiences contributed to how patients conceptualise safety: actions observed by patients; actions received by patients; actions performed by patients themselves; and shared actions involving patients and other actors in their care.ConclusionsOur findings support the need for a patient safety paradigm that is meaningful to all stakeholders, incorporating what matters to patients tofeelsafe in hospital. Additional work should explore and test how the proposed conceptual model can be practically applied and implemented to incorporate the patient conceptualisation of patient safety into everyday clinical practice.
Time cost associated with sports participation for athletes with high support needs: a time-motion analysis of tasks required for para swimming
Authors: Dutia Iain , Curran Declan , Donohoe Adam , Beckman Emma , Tweedy Sean Michael 
Published: October 2022

ObjectivesPeople with cerebral palsy and high support needs (CP&HSN) are profoundly inactive but also under-represented in studies evaluating physical activity interventions. Reasons for their exclusion have not been evaluated. We hypothesised that CP&HSN would be associated with high time costs of preparatory activities (eg, getting dressed/undressed), possibly contributing to low participation and under-representation. Accordingly, this pilot study aimed to: (1) evaluate whether the time required for preparatory activities was extremely different (≥3 SD) between swimmers with and without CP&HSN; and (2) provide a qualitative indication of the preparatory tasks undertaken by swimmers with CP&HSN.MethodsEach of three experienced (5 years) para swimmers with CP&HSN and 20 non-disabled swimmers were timed entering and then exiting the pool on three occasions. Mean entry and exit time for each para swimmer was compared with the group mean for non-disabled swimmers, and differences of greater than 3.0 SD were considered extreme. A qualitative description of the tasks completed by the para swimmers was recorded.ResultsThe differences in time costs between para and non-disabled swimmers met the criterion of extreme. Pool entry times for para swimmers were 8–13 times greater (Effect size = 4.1–8.7). Pool exit times were 6–10 times greater (ES=7.0–9.5). 90% of tasks completed by para swimmers required personal assistance or wheeled mobility.ConclusionsThis pilot study suggests that, compared with non-disabled swimmers, time costs for preparation to commence or depart training are extremely high for swimmers with CP&HSN. Further research is required to evaluate the veracity of these findings.
Early surgical intervention versus conservative management of asymptomatic severe aortic stenosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Costa Gonçalo Nuno Ferraz , Cardoso João Fernandes Lopes , Oliveiros Bárbara , Gonçalves Lino , Teixeira Rogerio 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveTiming of intervention for patients with asymptomatic severe aortic stenosis (AS) remains controversial. To compare the outcomes of early aortic valve replacement (AVR) versus watchful waiting (WW) in patients with asymptomatic severe AS.MethodsWe systematically searched PubMed, Embase and Cochrane databases, in December 2021, for studies comparing early AVR with WW in the treatment of asymptomatic severe AS. Random-effects meta-analysis was performed.ResultsTwelve studies were included in which two were randomised clinical trials. A total of 4130 patients were included, providing a 1092 pooled death events. Our meta-analysis showed a significantly lower all-cause mortality for the early AVR compared with WW group, although with a high amount of heterogeneity between studies in the magnitude of the effect (pooled OR 0.40; 95% CI 0.35 to 0.45, p<0.01; I²=61%). An early surgery strategy displayed a significantly lower cardiovascular mortality (pooled OR 0.33; 95% CI 0.19 to 0.56, p<0.01; I²=64%) and heart failure hospitalisation (pooled OR 0.19; 95% CI 0.10 to 0.39, p<0.01, I²=7%). However, both groups had similar rates of stroke (pooled OR 1.30; 95% CI 0.73 to 2.29, p=0.36, I²=0%) and myocardial infarction (pooled OR 0.49; 95% CI 0.19 to 1.27, p=0.14, I²= 0%).ConclusionsThis study suggests that for patients with asymptomatic severe AS an early surgical intervention compared with a conservative WW strategy was associated with a lower heart failure hospitalisation and a similar rate of stroke or myocardial infarction, although with significant risk of bias.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021291144.
CUL3/SPOP complex prevents immune escape and enhances chemotherapy sensitivity of ovarian cancer cells through degradation of PD-L1 protein
Authors: Dong Min , Qian Min , Ruan Zhengyi 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundCancer immune escape is a main obstacle in designing effective anticancer therapeutic approaches. Our work was aimed to explore the function of cullin 3 (CUL3) in ovarian cancer cell immune escape and chemosensitivity.MethodGain and loss of function assays were conducted to investigate the interactions among CUL3, speckle type POZ protein (SPOP) and programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) as well as their effects on ovarian cell malignant phenotypes and chemosensitivity. A mouse model of xenografted ovarian cells was further established for in vivo substantiation.ResultPoorly-expressed CUL3 and SPOP were found in ovarian cancer. Overexpression of CUL3 reduced malignant features as well as immune escape of ovarian cancer cells but enhanced chemosensitivity. Functionally, CUL3 degraded PD-L1 protein by forming complex with SPOP. Overexpression of CUL3 inhibited tumor formation and enhanced chemosensitivity of ovarian cancer cells in mice by degrading PD-L1 protein.ConclusionAll in all, CUL3/SPOP formed a complex to promote PD-L1 degradation to inhibit ovarian cancer cell immune escape and increase chemosensitivity, offering a therapeutic target for ovarian cancer treatment.
Tests of standard cosmology in Hořava gravity, Bayesian evidence for a closed universe, and the Hubble tension
Authors: Nilsson Nils A. , Park Mu-In 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe consider some background tests of standard cosmology in the context of Hořava gravity with different scaling dimensions for space and time, which has been proposed as a renormalizable, higher-derivative, Lorentz-violating quantum gravity model without ghost problems. We obtain the “very strong” and “strong” Bayesian evidences for our two cosmology models A and B, respectively, depending on the choice of parametrization based on Hořava gravity, against the standard, spatially-flat, LCDM cosmology model based on general relativity. An MCMC analysis with the observational data, including BAO, shows (a) preference of a closed universe with the curvature density parameter $$\Omega _k=-0.005\pm 0.001$$

Ω
k

=
-
0.005
±
0.001

, $$-0.004^{+0.003}_{-0.001}$$

-
0
.

004

-
0.001

+
0.003

, (b) reduction of the Hubble tension with the Hubble constant $$H_0=71.4^{+1.2}_{-0.9}$$

H
0

=
71
.

4

-
0.9

+
1.2

, $$69.5^{+1.6}_{-0.9}~ \mathrm{km}\, \mathrm{s}^{-1}\, \mathrm{Mpc}^{-1}$$

69
.

5

-
0.9

+
1.6

km

s

-
1

Mpc

-
1

for the models A, B, respectively, and also (c) a positive result on the discordance problem. We comment on some possible further improvements for the “cosmic-tension problem” by considering the more complete early-universe physics, based on the Lorentz-violating standard model with anisotropic space-time scaling, consistently with Hořava gravity, as well as the observational data which are properly adopted for the closed universe.
TP53 or Not TP53: That Is the Question
Authors: Green Steven D. , Zeidner Joshua F. 
Published: October 2022

Azacitidine and venetoclax are a standard first-line regimen for patients with newly diagnosed unfit acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In a pooled subset analysis, TP53-mutated AML with poor-risk cytogenetics does not appear to benefit from the addition of venetoclax to azacitidine. This has clinical implications as these patients should be preferentially treated with alternative regimens.See related article by Pollyea et al., p. 5272
When Cancer Cells Become the Enablers of an Antitumor Immune Response
Authors: Ribas Antoni , Haining W. Nicholas , Schumacher Ton N.M. 
Published: October 2022

Summary:

Tumor-specific cytotoxic T cells unleashed by the blockade of immune checkpoints have to overcome a hostile tumor microenvironment (TME). They start from very small numbers of T cells with tumor antigen specificity and, despite expansion, likely remain at a numerical disadvantage to the tumor cells they target. To overcome these obstacles, we propose that T cells need to change the TME to make it permissive for their antitumor effects by altering the phenotype of cells beyond the cancer cells they are in physical contact with. In this process, IFNγ secreted by tumor-specific T cells plays a critical role, as it changes the expression of hundreds of genes in cancer cells and other immune cells in the TME up to 40 layers of cells away from their location, effectively turning these cells into enablers of the antitumor immune response. In this perspective, we postulate that the clinical activity of cancer immunotherapy with immune-checkpoint blocking antibodies and adoptively transferred T cells requires that cancer cells facilitate the antitumor immune response. IFNγ effectively changes the balance of power in the TME to enable the antitumor activity of tumor antigen–specific cytotoxic T cells.
Erôs and Intelligible Desire in Plotinus’ Enneads
Authors: Papanidi Maria Kristina 
Published: October 2022

In Ennead III.5 On Love, Plotinus' discussion of erôs is underlined by Plato’s discourse on love in the Symposium and the Phaedrus.[1] Plotinus conceives erôs as a purified power, which directs the soul to the intelligible realm of beauty and the world of the Forms.[2] Modern scholarship considers the Plotinian erôs as an ascending power that is always directed to the higher realm of the Forms and never to the lower perceptible realm. Throughout the Enneads, the soul is described as purely and originally an intelligible entity in all its manifestations and expressions (ex. Ennead IV.8).[3] Plotinus particularly supports a dual aspect theory of the soul, in which the homogenous psychē consists of two interrelated aspects - a higher intelligible part related to Intellect, and a lower perceptible part related to the sensible bodies (Caluori, 2015; Remes, 2007; Stamatellos, 2013; Stern-Gillet, 2009). However, limited attention has been paid to the intelligible aspects of the soul's desire in Plotinus' conception of erôs. In this context, this paper aims to revisit the view that Plotinus completely refuted the desire of the physical bodies, and consequently refuted erôs as a power directed to the lower perceptible realm (Ferwerda, 1965; Friedländer, 1964; Hadot, 1963; Wallis, 1995). It is argued that in light of the soul's intelligibility, desire also has an intelligible aspect when it is directed, along with the power of love, to the earthly realm and thus the true intelligible beauty of the perceptible bodies is recognized.

[1] Hereafter, all quotations from Plotinus’ Enneads will solely refer to Armstrong’s (1966-1988) translations.
[2] See Bertozzi (2012, 2021); Tatarkiewicz (1980); Wallis (1995); Wiitala (2013), Vasilakis (2021).
[3] For Plotinus’ theory of the soul, see his treatises in Ennead IV. Also see Blumenthal (1971) and Caluori (2015).
Associations of Childhood Maltreatment and Genetic Risks With Incident Heart Failure in Later Life
Authors: Liang Yannis Yan , Ai Sizhi , Weng Foqian , Feng Hongliang , Yang Lulu , He Zhixuan , Xue Huachen , Zhou Mingqing , Shu Xinyue , Chen Yilin , Ma Huan , Guo Lan , Geng Qingshan , Zhang Jihui 
Published: October 2022

Background
We aimed to determine the associations of childhood maltreatment with incident heart failure in later life and explore the potentially modifying effects of genetic risk for heart failure on the associations.

Methods and Results

This cohort study included adults free of heart failure at baseline enrolled between 2006 and 2010 in the UK Biobank. Childhood maltreatment was retrospectively assessed with the online Childhood Trauma Screener in 2016. Five types of childhood maltreatment (range, 0–5), including physical abuse, physical neglect, emotional abuse, emotional neglect, and sexual abuse, were combined into a total score. A weighted polygenic risk score for heart failure was constructed. Incident all‐cause heart failure was prospectively ascertained via hospital inpatient and death records, followed up to May 31, 2021. A total of 153 287 adults (mean [SD] age, 55.9 [7.7] years; 43.6% male) were included. Over a median of 12.2 years (interquartile range, 11.5–12.9 years) of follow‐up, 2352 participants had incident heart failure. Childhood maltreatment was associated with a greater risk of incident heart failure in a dose‐response manner. One additional type of childhood maltreatment was associated with a 15% increase in the risk of developing heart failure (hazard ratio [HR], 1.15 [95% CI, 1.07–1.23]). There was no statistically significant interaction between genetic risk and childhood maltreatment (
P
interaction
=0.218). Among participants with high genetic risk, those with 3 to 5 types of childhood maltreatment had a double hazard (HR, 2.00 [95% CI, 1.43–2.80]) of developing heart failure when taking those without any childhood maltreatment as the reference.

Conclusions
Irrespective of genetic risk for heart failure, childhood maltreatment was associated with an increased risk of incident heart failure in a dose‐dependent manner.
The Vanitas of Sound Art
Authors: Komarov Sergey 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The author applies the concept of fermentation to sound through the prism of saturation and sonification, and studies the fermentation process as a medium and approach in sound art. He traces this medium in the works of Alexey Grachev, Rumore Bianco, Wouter Van Veldhoven, Sam Conran, and Vasily Bakanov. The article examines the history of the CYLAND Audio Archive and the formula for archiving, cataloging, and exhibiting works of sound art.
Assessing China–Africa Relations under the Forum for China–Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) (2000–2019)
Authors: Omolo Loreen Auma 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
China–Africa relations have been a topic of huge interest in international relations, as well as the subject of wide scepticism and criticism. Drummond and Liu (2013) observe that more than half of sub-Saharan African countries have a trade deficit with China and that China remains a dominant actor in China–Africa relations. However, is this so? Are African states mere spectators in China–Africa relations or do they also have a strategy to gain something from the engagement? This study examines the role that African agency plays in Sino-African relations under the FOCAC framework. It highlights the main features of Sino-African relations and specifically assesses why China is important to African states. It examines FOCAC objectives for Africa, FOCAC conferences, the decisions adopted and their impact on Sino-African relations. The paper offers recommendations that will allow African states to better leverage their relations with China.
Prospects for Negotiation as a Means of Undoing the Gordian Knot of Just Land Reform in South Africa
Authors: Anstey Mark 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Creative and courageous negotiations between 1990 and 1994 enabled South African leaders to end apartheid and manage the first phase of a transition to a constitutional democracy. Land was a key issue in the struggle for democracy, but after thirty years remains unresolved. The Bill of Rights in the Constitution affords protection for property rights but also commits the government to land reform by way of restitution or redress of the disadvantaged who suffered through dispossession following the 1913 Land Act. The failure of government’s three-track system to deliver on the goals it set for transfer of land from white to black ownership has strengthened demands for radical change. This article explores the prospects of negotiation as a means for resolving obstacles to progress, including the problem of competing notions of justice. New levels of engagement between stakeholders enabling a sense of justness in the process and outcome are required.
Manifestations of Social Exclusion in Qualitative Interview Material
Authors: Repo-Saeed Nora 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this article I examine manifestations of social exclusion in qualitative interview material that was gathered in Finland. In the focus are people with a foreign background whose experiences I study with a decolonising approach. Social exclusion manifests itself in diverse ways in the narratives of the interviewees and can be discerned, for example, as related to discriminative and racist attitudes, people’s appearance, colour of the skin, language skills, religion, study skills, work skills, gender, cultural norms, access to education, social class, future perspectives, transactions with the authorities, questions related to the right to stay in the country, or possibilities to obtain citizenship. The experiences of the interviewees embody a need of further examination of colonialist legacy in the Finnish context, a call for more monitoring and control of institutional structures involved in discriminative measures imposed on people with a foreign background, as well as wider societal debate when it comes to stereotypes and bias that can lead to social exclusion.
‮לכל שלטניה‬‎—A New Edition of the Wolfe Golden Amulet in Jewish Palestinian Aramaic
Authors: Morgenstern Matthew 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The article presents a new edition of the Wolfe Golden Amulet based upon a close examination of new RTI images and its interpretation in light of related Aramaic and Hebrew sources. New readings and translations are presented for many parts of the text.