bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nurses’ safety‐related organisational challenges during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A qualitative study
Authors: Shahmari Mehraban , Nayeri Nahid Dehghan , Palese Alvisa , Manookian Arpi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimTo explore nurses’ perspectives on and experiences of safety‐related organisational challenges during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) outbreak by Iranian nurses.BackgroundIn different clinical contexts, nurses face numerous organisational challenges threatening their safety because of the COVID‐19 pandemic.IntroductionExploring nurses’ perceptions towards safety‐oriented organisational challenges might inform nurse managers, healthcare managers, educators and policymakers on the priorities that should be considered to increase organisations’ readiness and safety.MethodsThis qualitative descriptive study is reported according to the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research guidelines. Through purposeful sampling, 19 participants were involved. The research data were collected from March to August 2021 by conducting semi‐structured interviews that were analysed through the content analysis approach.FindingsThree organisation‐related safety challenges experienced were related to (1) human resource, (2) educational and (3) workforce protection issues.DiscussionNurses experienced several safety issues related to the complexity faced by the health care organisations during the pandemic, exacerbated by previous frailties of the nursing system.ConclusionThe three challenges that emerged might be considered a priority in building pandemic plans, transforming the experiences of nurses as a source of learning for all, capitalising on their suggestions and rendering healthcare facilities ready to deal safely with future crises.Implications for nursing and health policyAdopting appropriate measures to decrease human resource issues and that related to education, and promoting workforce health protection, are both recommended to improve nurses’ work environment and satisfy their safety needs.
Selective removal of antibiotics over MgAl2O4/C3N4/YMnO3 photocatalysts: Performance prediction and mechanism insight
Authors: Li Maoyuan , Wang Shifa , Gao Huajing , Yin Zijuan , Chen Chaoli , Yang Hua , Fang Leiming , Angadi Veerabhadrappa Jagadeesha , Yi Zao , Li Dengfeng 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA simple polyacrylamide gel method combined with low temperature sintering technology has been used to synthesize the C–O functional groups grafted MgAl2O4/C3N4/YMnO3 (MAO–CN–YMO) heterojunction photocatalysts with enhanced visible‐light‐induced photodegradation toward oxytetracycline hydrochloride (OTC‐HCl). A variety of characterization methods are used to gain insight into the phase purity, crystal structure, microstructure, functional group information, elemental composition, surface defect, light response capability, and photocatalytic activity of the as‐synthesized samples. The influences of the mass ratios of mCN/mYMO, mCN/mMAO, and mMAO/(mCN + mYMO) in CN–YMO, CN–MAO, and MAO–CN–YMO heterojunction photocatalysts on the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of OTC‐HCl was also discussed, and the optimal mass ratio of mMAO/(mCN + mYMO) is identified as 15 wt%. The photocatalytic experiments confirmed that the MAO–CN–YMO heterojunction photocatalysts had high selectivity for the degradation of antibiotics. The prediction of the photocatalytic activity of the MAO–CN–YMO heterojunction photocatalysts for the degradation of OTC‐HCl was made by a variety of intelligent algorithm models. The results of the whale optimization algorithm are highly consistent with the experimental results. Combined with the energy band theory and the characterization results of high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, the free radicals in the reaction solution preferentially attacked the –CH3, –NCH2, and –OH of OTC‐HCl during the degradation of OTC‐HCl by MAO–CN–YMO heterostructure photocatalysts, and then attack –C=O and –C=O–NH2, and finally perform ring‐opening reaction to degrade OTC‐HCl into nontoxic and harmless products of small molecules such as CO2, H2O, and NH4+. This work provides a new idea for the development of novel double p–n junction MAO–CN–YMO heterojunction photocatalysts for antibiotic degradation and the prediction of photocatalytic activity of multiple heterojunction photocatalysts by intelligent algorithms.
Rallying around the EU flag: Russia's invasion of Ukraine and attitudes toward European integration
Authors: Steiner Nils D. , Berlinschi Ruxanda , Farvaque Etienne , Fidrmuc Jan , Harms Philipp , Mihailov Alexander , Neugart Michael , Stanek Piotr 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis article uses a survey amongst students at European universities to explore whether Russia's invasion of Ukraine has affected attitudes towards European integration. Some respondents completed the survey just before Russia's assault on 24 February 2022, and some did so just afterwards, thus delivering a quasi‐experimental design situation, which we exploit. Our results suggest that the ominous news about the Russian attack increased the participants' interest in EU politics, consolidated their attachment to the EU and made them more mindful and appreciative of the benefits of deeper European integration. In effect, the war so close to the EU Eastern border provoked a rally around the supranational EU flag, with convergence of public opinion towards shared European values.
Size-dependent colouration balances conspicuous aposematism and camouflage
Authors: Barnett James B. , Yeager Justin , McEwen Brendan L. , Kinley Isaac , Anderson Hannah M. , Guevara Jennifer 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Colour is an important component of many different defensive strategies, but signal efficacy and detectability will also depend on the size of the coloured structures, and how pattern size interacts with the background. Consequently, size-dependent changes in colouration are common among many different species as juveniles and adults frequently use colour for different purposes in different environmental contexts. A widespread strategy in many species is switching from crypsis to conspicuous aposematic signalling as increasing body size can reduce the efficacy of camouflage, while other antipredator defences may strengthen. Curiously, despite being chemically defended, the gold-striped frog (Lithodytes lineatus, Leptodactylidae) appears to do the opposite, with bright yellow stripes found in smaller individuals, whereas larger frogs exhibit dull brown stripes. Here, we investigated whether size-dependent differences in colour support distinct defensive strategies. We first used visual modelling of potential predators to assess how colour contrast varied among frogs of different sizes. We found that contrast peaked in mid-sized individuals while the largest individuals had the least contrasting patterns. We then used two detection experiments with human participants to evaluate how colour and body size affected overall detectability. These experiments revealed that larger body sizes were easier to detect, but that the colours of smaller frogs were more detectable than those of larger frogs. Taken together our data support the hypothesis that the primary defensive strategy changes from conspicuous aposematism to camouflage with increasing size, implying size-dependent differences in the efficacy of defensive colouration. We discuss our data in relation to theories of size-dependent aposematism and evaluate the evidence for and against a possible size-dependent mimicry complex with sympatric poison frogs (Dendrobatidae).
Abstract
For chemically defended species, colouration evolves as a balance between the benefits of a salient and recognisable warning signal (aposematism) and the benefits of avoiding unnecessary attention from predators (camouflage). Detectability will depend on many factors, including colour, pattern, and body size. Here, we examined size-dependent colouration in the gold-striped frog (Lithodytes lineatus), where small frogs have bright blue-white stripes, mid-sized frogs have bright yellow stripes, and large frogs have dull-brown stripes. We found that the trade-off between aposematism and camouflage depends on both colour and body size, such that frogs of different sizes employ different defensive strategies.
Southward range extension and transboundary movements of reef manta rays Mobula alfredi along the east African coastline
Authors: Marshall Andrea D. , Flam Anna L , Cullain Nakia , Carpenter Michelle , Conradie Janneman , Venables Stephanie K 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOpportunistic in‐water and aerial surveys in South Africa and the analysis of contributed citizen science data have extended the known range of reef manta rays Mobula alfredi along the eastern coast of Africa by 140 km (to Mdumbi Beach) and verified the first transboundary movements for the species. Additionally, six new long‐range dispersal records have provided evidence of connectivity with the M. alfredi population off the Inhambane coastline of Mozambique. Five of these records captured one‐way movements, the longest of which was an individual that travelled 505 km from Praia do Tofo to Sodwana Bay with 301 days between sightings. A single individual made a return trip between Závora, Mozambique and Sodwana Bay, South Africa (a total distance of ~870 km). These findings support the Convention on Migratory Species listing for the species, suggesting regional transboundary management units are warranted for this wide‐ranging elasmobranch.
Application of high‐pressure homogenization to improve physicochemical and antioxidant properties of almond hulls
Authors: Liu Juer , Huang Li , An Jun , Ma Yiwei , Cheng Yanling , Zhang Renchuan , Peng Peng , Wang Yuanpu , Addy Min , Chen Paul , Chen Chi , Liu Yuhuan , Huang Guangwei , Ruan Roger 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAlmond hull contains a high level of dietary fiber and antioxidants, yet is under‐utilized, primarily as livestock feed. The present work aimed to evaluate the physiochemical and functional properties of almond hull powders, processed by high‐pressure homogenization (HPH), and any changes to their antioxidant properties after HPH treatment. It was found that the HPH treatment reduced the mean particle size and created a porous structure of the almond hull powders after lyophilization (freeze drying); hence, a significant increase (p < 0.05) in water holding capacity and oil holding capacity after processing, resulted in a much‐improved emulsifying capability. Additionally, based on their physical properties, the chosen variety (Carmel/Monterey) of almond hull extracts produced using the HPH process, showed the highest (1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl [DPPH]) radical‐scavenging capacity (119.11 ± 5.27 mg TE/g dw) and ferric reducing power (167.52 ± 10.55 mg TE/g dw, under 22,000 psi = 152 MPa), along with the highest total flavonoid content (as 107.36 ± 3.76 mg QE/g dw). Overall, the high‐pressure homogenization process has effectively improved the physicochemical and functional properties of almond hull powder.Practical ApplicationsThis green technology can effectively improve the water holding capacity, oil capacity, emulsifying capacity, as well as a potential process that can enhance the bioavailability and functionality of almond hull, and therefore this abundantly available byproduct can be converted to various value‐added ingredients and products such as emulsifier, clouding agent, nutritional supplement, and so on, in the huge interests of high‐quality, all‐natural, and healthy food market to date.
Determination and comparison of effective moisture diffusivity of carrot (core and cortex) during hot air drying
Authors: Zheng Zhaohui , Wei Shuo , Xie Weijun , Ren Liuyang , Fan Ben , Fu Hanyu , Yang Deyong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe moisture content and shrinkage of a sample are often ignored when determining its effective moisture diffusivity (EMD), which will result in a larger error in simulating the dynamic moisture diffusion process during drying. This work aimed to determine the EMDs of cortex and core in axial and radial directions considering the combined influence of moisture content and shrinkage of material. The drying and shrinkage characteristics of cortex and core were investigated under different hot air drying conditions, and the EMDs of the cortex and core in different drying stages were determined by the slope method considering the moisture content and shrinkage. The results showed that the EMDs were dependent on the carrot component rather than its directions. The EMDs of the core and cortex were different. It decreased slowly at the early drying stage, and decreased sharply at the later drying stage, and increased with the hot air temperature increasing. A third order polynomial relationship was established to correlate the EMDs with the moisture content and hot air temperature (R2 > 0.9460), and was verified by experiments. The maximum weighted absolute percentage error of the moisture content from simulation and experiment was only 6.11%, more accurate than that based on a constant effective moisture diffusivity (CEMD) for characterizing the intrinsic moisture diffusion in carrot during drying.Practical applicationsThe EMD is an important parameter that characterizes intrinsic moisture diffusion in material and often used for modeling and calculation in food drying. The investigation methods developed in this study can be applied for determining the EMD of samples with shrinkage and variable moisture content. This study would be helpful for understanding the moisture transfer mechanism and optimizing operation conditions in carrot drying industry.
Who owns the land owns the wind? Land and citizenship in the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Mexico
Authors: Torres Contreras Gerardo A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWind energy expansion across rural areas interacts with various interests at the local level, generating multiple reactions within communities. The Eólica del Sur wind farm implementation pathway in Mexico is a paragon of different positions vis‐à‐vis this industry after trying to install 132 wind turbines in other towns since 2006. This paper argues that there is a bias in studies of the politics of wind energy development in favour of oppositional voices, as opposed to groups that endorse wind energy expansion or that have stakes in the sector but neither support nor oppose wind projects per se. Based on fieldwork conducted over three years and semi‐structured interviews with Eólica del Sur stakeholders, the paper argues that different responses to wind energy are linked to contrasting ownership claims over land in the region and competing notions of the institutions that should legitimize these claims.
A peek behind the curtain: An integrative review of sexual harassment of nursing students on clinical placement
Authors: Smith Ella , Gullick Janice , Perez Dawn , Einboden Rochelle 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAims and ObjectivesThis integrative review aimed at systematically searching, analysing and synthesising multiple sources of evidence, to build a temporal understanding of nursing students' experiences of sexual harassment whilst on clinical placement, and to discuss the social context which enables this.BackgroundSexual harassment is highly prevalent in workplaces globally. Contemporary social understandings contextualise sexual harassment as a significant form of interpersonal violence. This is the first literature review to go beyond prevalence to synthesise the experience, implications and responses to sexual harassment encountered by student nurses on clinical placement.DesignWhittemore and Knafl's (2005) integrative review methodology is used to structure a rigorous analysis and synthesis of evidence.MethodsThe PRISMA checklist supported sound reporting of the search strategy. Three databases (CINAHL, Scopus and Medline) were searched using a Boolean strategy. Papers with a significant focus on sexual harassment of nursing students in the clinical setting were included with no limitation on publication date. Papers were excluded if they were not published in English or were only published as abstracts.ResultsA synthesis of 26 papers demonstrated that sexual harassment has significant impacts on student nurses and the nursing profession. The intimacy of close body care, dominant social perceptions of nursing as women's work and the sexualisation of nurses increase student vulnerability to sexual harassment. Workplace power imbalances further exacerbate sexual harassment and shape responses to incidents.ConclusionsSexual harassment of nursing students is widespread and impacts student well‐being and learning.Relevance to Clinical PracticeEducation is a strong protective factor and should target students, clinicians, clinical facilitators and academics. Attention to workplace culture, and processes that support disclosure and reporting, is also required to meaningfully address the sexual harassment of nursing students.
Predictors of cancer risky and preventive behaviors among the Nebraska farmers population
Authors: Watanabe‐Galloway Shinobu , Ratnapradipa Kendra , Hymel Emma , High Robin , Farazi Paraskevi A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurposePrevious studies on cancer risk among agricultural producers have focused on occupational exposures, with only a few studies examining behavioral factors. The aim of this study was to understand cancer risky and preventative behaviors among the large farming population in Nebraska.MethodsA statewide cross‐sectional study of farmers in Nebraska aged 19 and older was conducted in 2019 (n = 782). Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine factors associated with being up to date on cancer screening and with cancer risky and preventive behaviors.FindingsThe 93.68% of the Nebraska farmers population do not meet the daily recommended consumption of fruits and vegetables, and 70.14% reported regular alcohol consumption. The proportion of adults up to date on cancer screening was 79.57% for breast, 67.55% for cervical, 85.54% for colorectal, and 46.05% for skin cancers. Compared to women, men had a higher odds of heavy alcohol consumption (aOR 2.96, 95% CI 1.94–4.56) and ever smoking 100 or more cigarettes (aOR 1.66, 95% CI 1.03–2.73). The odds of being current with skin cancer screening was higher among those with higher incomes (aOR 1.77, 95% CI 1.06–3.01). Compared to men aged 50–64, the odds of being current with prostate cancer screening was higher among men aged 65–74 (aOR: 2.65, 95% CI 1.10–7.31) and 75 and older (aOR: 7.73, 95% CI 2.03–51.73).ConclusionsDisparities in cancer screening and risk and preventive behaviors exist among farmers in Nebraska. The study highlights a need for continuing efforts to improve preventive cancer behaviors targeted to the farming population.
Long‐term variability of the coastal ocean stratification in the Gulf of Naples: Two decades of monitoring the marine ecosystem at the LTER–MC site, between land and open Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Kokoszka Florian , Le Roux Baptiste , Iudicone Daniele , Conversano Fabio , Ribera d'Alcalá Maurizio 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe analyze 20 years (2001–2020) of temperature and salinity profiles at the LTER–MC coastal station in the Gulf of Naples, Mediterranean Sea. Surface and bottom layers show weak increases of temperature ( and , 2005–2019); water‐columns budgets (heat, freshwater) show pseudo‐periodic oscillations every 3 to 5 years, and weak linear trends. Seasonal minimum of salinity occurs 2 months later than the runoff peak, pointing to the importance of horizontal circulation in regulating the inshore–offshore exchanges and the residence time of freshwater. Inter‐annual variations of the mixed layer depth (MLD) indicate a shallowing ( during winter) and a shortened time span of the fully mixed water‐column. A visible decadal shift in the external forcings suggests an influence of winterly wind stress in 2010–2019, that prevailed over dominant buoyancy fluxes in 2001–2009. Changes are visible in the large‐scale indices of the North Atlantic and Western Mediterranean Oscillations and highlight the role of wind direction, offshore or inshore oriented, in disrupting the stratification driven by freshwater runoff. A Random Forest Regression confirms that role and quantifies the MLD's drivers importance. This allows for a reliable prediction of the stratification using external variables independent from the in‐situ observations.
Simplest Shapes First! But Let's Use Cognitive Science to Reconceive and Specify What “Simple” Means
Authors: Nurnberger‐Haag Julie , Thompson Clarissa A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractChildren's informal and formal learning experiences with geometric shapes currently result in misconceptions that persist into adulthood. Here, we combine research from mathematics education as well as cognitive science pertaining to concepts, categories, and learning strategies to propose a more optimal progression that is better specified and justified than the current standards. To do so, we reframed what constitutes a “simple” shape from perceptual simplicity to simplicity of properties. Our Property‐Based Shape Sequence uses property‐based criteria of what makes shapes “simple” and progresses in a way that affords opportunities for learners to develop hierarchical conceptions of two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional shapes. Our goals are threefold: (1) recommend an optimal, mathematically‐correct shape learning sequence, (2) correct misconceptions that adults and children harbor about shapes, and (3) encourage cross‐disciplinary collaborations between mathematics education and psychology researchers to validate the proposed learning sequence.
Analysing cerebrospinal fluid with explainable deep learning: From diagnostics to insights
Authors: Schweizer Leonille , Seegerer Philipp , Kim Hee‐yeong , Saitenmacher René , Muench Amos , Barnick Liane , Osterloh Anja , Dittmayer Carsten , Jödicke Ruben , Pehl Debora , Reinhardt Annekathrin , Ruprecht Klemens , Stenzel Werner , Wefers Annika K. , Harter Patrick N. , Schüller Ulrich , Heppner Frank L. , Alber Maximilian , Müller Klaus‐Robert , Klauschen Frederick 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimAnalysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is essential for diagnostic workup of patients with neurological diseases and includes differential cell typing. The current gold standard is based on microscopic examination by specialised technicians and neuropathologists, which is time‐consuming, labour‐intensive and subjective.MethodsWe, therefore, developed an image analysis approach based on expert annotations of 123,181 digitised CSF objects from 78 patients corresponding to 15 clinically relevant categories and trained a multiclass convolutional neural network (CNN).ResultsThe CNN classified the 15 categories with high accuracy (mean AUC 97.3%). By using explainable artificial intelligence (XAI), we demonstrate that the CNN identified meaningful cellular substructures in CSF cells recapitulating human pattern recognition. Based on the evaluation of 511 cells selected from 12 different CSF samples, we validated the CNN by comparing it with seven board‐certified neuropathologists blinded for clinical information. Inter‐rater agreement between the CNN and the ground truth was non‐inferior (Krippendorff's alpha 0.79) compared with the agreement of seven human raters and the ground truth (mean Krippendorff's alpha 0.72, range 0.56–0.81). The CNN assigned the correct diagnostic label (inflammatory, haemorrhagic or neoplastic) in 10 out of 11 clinical samples, compared with 7–11 out of 11 by human raters.ConclusionsOur approach provides the basis to overcome current limitations in automated cell classification for routine diagnostics and demonstrates how a visual explanation framework can connect machine decision‐making with cell properties and thus provide a novel versatile and quantitative method for investigating CSF manifestations of various neurological diseases.