bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Friction effects on quasi-steady dam-break wave propagation on horizontal beds
Authors: Nielsen Peter , Xu Beibei , Wüthrich Davide , Zhang Shaotong 
Published: March 2022

The propagation of dam-break waves on different rough beds was observed to be quasi-steady in the range

$11.3 < x/h_{dam} < 18.8$

, where

$x$

is measured from the dam position. These quasi-steady propagation speeds converge with the steady ideal fluids model of Stoker (Water Waves, 1957, Interscience) when the tailwater depth

$h_2$

becomes greater than

${\sim }0.5k_s$

, in the range

$0.001< k_s/h_{dam}< 0.2$

, where

$k_s$

is the roughness and

$h_{dam}$

the depth behind the dam. Hence, this convergence encourages the use of Stoker's steady, ideal fluid solution to develop more general models, including friction effects due to bed roughness and/or viscosity. The new experimental data support a MacLaurin series for the celerity

$c$

, in analogy with the series in terms of

$\sqrt [4]{{h_2}/{h_{dam}}}$

, derived for Stoker's model,

$h_2$

being the tailwater depth. Compared with the retarding effect of the tailwater, 1 mm of roughness is found to be equivalent to

$\sim$

13 mm of tailwater, and 1

$\mathrm {\mu }$

m of viscous length (

${\nu }/{\sqrt {gh_{dam}}}$

, where

${\nu}$

is the kinematic viscosity and g the acceleration due to gravity) is equivalent to

$\sim$

1700

$\mathrm {\mu }$

m of tailwater. While the MacLaurin series quantifies the similar effects of small roughness and small tailwater depths acting separately, the new data illustrate for the first time the complex interplay between tailwater and roughness on ‘wet beds’ with many details yet to be investigated. In particular, it was shown that a small amount of tailwater on a rough bed acts as a lubricant, so that

$c(h_2, h_{dam}, k_s)$

is an increasing function of

$h_2$

for

$h_2 < 0.5k_s$

.
Population dynamics ofArctica islandicaat Georges Bank (USA): an analysis of sex-based demographics
Authors: Hemeon Kathleen M. , Powell Eric N. , Pace Sara M. , Redmond Theresa E. , Mann Roger 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe ocean quahog,Arctica islandica, is a commercially important bivalve in the eastern USA but very little is known about the recruitment frequency and rebuilding capacity of this species. As the longest-living bivalve on Earth,A. islandicacan achieve lifespans in excess of 200 y; however, age determinations are difficult to estimate and age variability at size is extreme. Objectives for this study included the creation of an extremely large age-composition dataset to constrain age at length variability, development of reliable age-length keys (ALK), and descriptions of sex-based population dynamics for the quasi-virginA. islandicapopulation at Georges Bank (GB) within the greater US Mid-Atlantic stock. Sexually dimorphic characteristics are clearly present, as females are larger than males within age classes and males tend to dominate the oldest age classes. A male represented the maximum age of 261 years and is older than the maximum age previously documented for this region. Sex-specific ALKs were robust and reliable but not interchangeable. This population had higher estimated natural mortality rates than presumed for other regions in the Mid-Atlantic, and females have the highest mortality rate. However, recruitment expansion was also occurring which would affect the age-frequency data used to derive mortality estimates and result in higher mortality. Age frequencies at GB suggest effective recruitment to the population each year since 1867 CE. Reduced recruitment periods are documented and likely attributed to fluctuating environmental conditions. Sex-based demographics are clearly divergent in regard to growth rate, maximum size, longevity and mortality rates.
Valuing water purification services of forests: a production function approach using panel data from China's Sichuan province
Authors: Liu Zhaoyang , Huang Heqing 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe water purification functions of forests represent one of the most frequently invoked examples of nonmarket ecosystem services that are economically valuable. This study quantifies the monetary value of forests' water purification services in the form of the ensuing cost savings of municipal drinking water treatment, using a rich panel dataset from China's Sichuan province. Moreover, this study has undertaken a novel spatial piecewise approach to investigate the spatial patterns of such cost savings delivered by forests at different distances from the water intake point. The estimation results find that forests within a 2 km radius upstream from the water intake point have the most sizeable and statistically significant cost saving effect. For forests within a 3 km radius, this effect becomes somewhat smaller but remains statistically significant. Beyond a 4 km radius, this effect becomes notably smaller and statistically equal to zero. Our analysis facilitates the optimal spatial targeting of forest conservation.
Climate scenario analysis: An illustration of potential long-term economic & financial market impacts
Authors: Bongiorno Luca , Claringbold Andrew , Eichler Lisa , Jones Claire , Kramer Bert , Pryor Louise , Spencer Nick 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This paper illustrates the potential impacts of climate change on financial markets, focusing on their long-term significance. It uses a top-down modelling tool developed by Ortec Finance in partnership with Cambridge Econometrics that combines climate science with macro-economic and financial effects to examine the possible impacts of three plausible (not extreme) climate pathways. The paper first considers the impact on gross domestic product (GDP), finding that GDP is lower in all three pathways, with the most severe reduction in the Failed Transition Pathway where the Paris Agreement climate targets are not met. The model then translates these GDP impacts into financial market effects. In the Failed Transition Pathway, cumulative global equity returns are approximately 50% lower over the period 2020–2060 than in the climate-uninformed base case. For the other two pathways where the Paris Agreement targets are met, the corresponding figures are 15% and 25% lower returns than in the base case. Results are provided for other asset classes too. These demonstrate that climate change represents a significant market risk, with implications for financial planning, modelling and regulation.
Resolving Differences in the Rupture Properties of M5 Earthquakes in California Using Bayesian Source Spectral Analysis
Authors: Trugman Daniel T. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe spectra of earthquake waveforms can provide important insight into rupture processes, but the analysis and interpretation of these spectra is rarely straightforward. Here we develop a Bayesian framework that embraces the inherent data and modeling uncertainties of spectral analysis to infer key source properties. The method uses a spectral ratio approach to correct the observed S‐wave spectra of nearby earthquakes for path and site attenuation. The objective then is to solve for a joint posterior probability distribution of three source parameters—seismic moment, corner frequency, and high‐frequency falloff rate—for each earthquake in the sequence, as well as a measure of rupture directivity for select target events with good azimuthal station coverage. While computationally intensive, this technique provides a quantitative understanding of parameter tradeoffs and uncertainties and allows one to impose physical constraints through prior distributions on all source parameters, which guide the inversion when data is limited. We demonstrate the method by analyzing in detail the source properties of 14 different target events of magnitude M5 in southern California that span a wide range of tectonic regimes and fault systems. These prominent earthquakes, while comparable in size, exhibit marked diversity in their source properties and directivity, with clear spatial patterns, depth‐dependent trends, and a preference for unilateral directivity. These coherent spatial variations source properties suggest that regional differences in tectonic setting, hypocentral depth or fault zone characteristics may drive variability in rupture processes, with important implications for our understanding of earthquake physics and its relation to hazard.
Adiponectin receptor agonist ameliorates cardiac lipotoxicity via enhancing ceramide metabolism in type 2 diabetic mice
Authors: Kim Yaeni , Lim Ji Hee , Kim Eun Nim , Hong Yu Ah , Park Hun-Jun , Chung Sungjin , Choi Bum Soon , Kim Yong-Soo , Park Ji Yong , Kim Hye Won , Park Cheol Whee 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAccumulation of lipids and their metabolites induces lipotoxicity in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Lowering ceramide concentration could reduce the impact of metabolic damage to target organs. Adiponectin improves lipotoxicity through its receptors (AdiopRs), which have sequence homology with ceramidase enzymes. Therefore, cardioprotective role of AdipoR agonism by AdipoRon was investigated. Sixteen-week-old male db/m and db/db mice were fed a diet containing AdipoRon for four weeks. Phenotypic and metabolic profiles with associated cellular signaling pathways involved in lipid metabolism were investigated in the mice heart and human cardiomyocytes to establish treatment effect of AdipoRon. AdipoRon ameliorated insulin resistance, fibrosis, M1-dominant inflammation, and apoptosis in association with reduced accumulations of free fatty acid, triglycerides, and TLR4-related ceramide in the heart. This resulted in overall reduction in the level of oxidative stress which ameliorated cardiac hypertrophy and its function. AdipoRon increased the expression of AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 via pAMPK/FoxO1-induced Akt phosphorylation resulting from a decrease in PP2A level. It also increased acid ceramidase activity which reduced ceramide and increased sphingosine-1 phosphate levels in the heart of db/db mice and cultured human cardiomyocytes. Consistent upregulation of AdipoRs and their downstream regulatory pathways involving pAMPK/PPARα/PGC-1α levels led to lipid metabolism enhancement, thereby improving lipotoxicity-induced peroxisome biogenesis and oxidative stress. AdipoRon might control oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in the heart through increased AdipoR expression, acid ceramidase activity, and activation of AMPK-PPARα/PGC-1α and related downstream pathways, collectively improving cardiac lipid metabolism, hypertrophy, and functional parameters.
A hydrogen sulphide-responsive and depleting nanoplatform for cancer photodynamic therapy
Authors: Zhang Yuqi , Fang Jing , Ye Shuyue , Zhao Yan , Wang Anna , Mao Qiulian , Cui Chaoxiang , Feng Yali , Li Jiachen , Li Sunao , Zhang Mingyang , Shi Haibin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHydrogen sulfide (H2S) as an important biological gasotransmitter plays a pivotal role in many physiological and pathological processes. The sensitive and quantitative detection of H2S level is therefore crucial for precise diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of various diseases but remains a huge challenge due to the lack of accurate and reliable analytical methods in vivo. In this work, we report a smart, H2S-responsive and depleting nanoplatform (ZNNPs) for quantitative and real-time imaging of endogenous H2S for early diagnosis and treatment of H2S-associated diseases. We show that ZNNPs exhibit unexpected NIR conversion (F1070 → F720) and ratiometric photoacoustic (PA680/PA900) signal responsiveness towards H2S, allowing for sensitive and quantitative visualization of H2S in acute hepatotoxicity, cerebral hemorrhage model as well as colorectal tumors in living mice. ZNNPs@FA simultaneously scavenges the mitochondrial H2S in tumors leading to significant ATP reduction and severe mitochondrial damage, together with the activated photodynamic effect, resulting in efficient suppression of colorectal tumor growth in mice. We believe that this platform may provide a powerful tool for studying the vital impacts of H2S in related diseases.
Dichotomy of platinum(II) and gold(III) carbene intermediates switching from N- to O-selectivity
Authors: Jin Hongming , Tong Wen-Yan , Zhang Jing , Rudolph Matthias , Rominger Frank , Shen Xu , Qu Shuanglin , Hashmi A. Stephen K. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPt(II) and Au(III)-mediated intermolecular divergent annulations of benzofurazans and ynamides highlighted theN- toO-selectivity of tunable metal carbene intermediates. PtCl2with a bulky phosphite ligand resulted in the specific synthesis of six-membered quinoxalineN-oxides and successfully suppressed the in-situ deoxygenation ofN-oxides. On the other hand, an unique gold(III) catalyst (2,6-di-MeO-PyrAuCl3) led to the five-membered ring products, benzimidazoles. A broad scope of functional groups was well compatible, delivering better yields and selectivities in contrast to conventional gold(I) catalysts. The different behavior of presumed platinum(II) and gold(III) carbenes with respect to chemoselectivity was intensively examined by experiments and DFT calculations. A detailed mechanistic study, based on DFT calculations, revealed that the highly electrophilic carbocation-like gold(III) carbene triggers an oxophilic cyclization, followed by a cascade ring contraction and acyl migration. On the contrary, the Pt carbene species is less cationic, favoring the formation of the six-membered ring viaN-attack.
Global land projection based on plant functional types with a 1-km resolution under socio-climatic scenarios
Authors: Chen Guangzhao , Li Xia , Liu Xiaoping 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study presents a global land projection dataset with a 1-km resolution that comprises 20 land types for 2015–2100, adopting the latest IPCC coupling socioeconomic and climate change scenarios, SSP-RCP. This dataset was produced by combining the top-down land demand constraints afforded by the CMIP6 official dataset and a bottom-up spatial simulation executed via cellular automata. Based on the climate data, we further subdivided the simulation products’ land types into 20 plant functional types (PFTs), which well meets the needs of climate models for input data. The results show that our global land simulation yields a satisfactory accuracy (Kappa = 0.864, OA = 0.929 and FoM = 0.102). Furthermore, our dataset well fits the latest climate research based on the SSP-RCP scenarios. Particularly, due to the advantages of fine resolution, latest scenarios and numerous land types, our dataset provides powerful data support for environmental impact assessment and climate research, including but not limited to climate models.
Comparative microelectrode array data of the functional development of hPSC-derived and rat neuronal networks
Authors: Kapucu Fikret Emre , Vinogradov Andrey , Hyvärinen Tanja , Ylä-Outinen Laura , Narkilahti Susanna 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe present a dataset of microelectrode array (MEA) recordings from human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived and rat embryonic cortical neurons during their in vitro maturation. The data were prepared to assess extracellularly recorded spontaneous activity and to compare the functional development of these neuronal networks. In addition to recordings of spontaneous activity, we provide pharmacological responses of hPSC-derived and rat cortical cultures at their mature stage. Together with the recorded electrode raw data, we share the analysis code to form a comprehensive dataset including spike times, spike waveforms, burst activity and network synchronization metrics calculated with two different connectivity estimators. Moreover, we provide the analysis code that produced the key scientific findings published previously with this dataset. This large dataset enables investigation of the functional aspects of maturing cortical neuronal networks and provides substantial parameters to assess the differences and similarities between hPSC-derived and rat cortical networks in vitro. This publicly available dataset will be beneficial, especially for experimental and computational neuroscientists.
Study on dust migration law and spray dedusting technology in parallel double belt transportation
Authors: Jing Deji , Jiang Zhuo , Ma Mingxing , Zhang Tian , Liu Hongwei , Yu Tao 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTo effectively solve the problem of dust pollution caused by the parallel double-belt transportation of coal in a coal preparation plant, taking the Huangyuchuan coal preparation plant as an example, a numerical model of the air flow-dust distribution was established by means of simulation. The flow lines between the strips of tape and the tail of the tape machine will gather, and there will be backflow on the right side of the 3001 tape and left side of the 3002 tape. Under the action of wind current, most of the dust particles larger than 10 μm are distributed in the range of 0–5 m on both sides of the tape; dust particles smaller than 10 μm spread to the entire preparation workshop. Combined with field test verification, dust pollution is mainly concentrated at the guide trough, the feed inlet, the rear of the machine, and the joint of the belt corridor. Based on this, a targeted spray dust reduction treatment plan is proposed. By measuring the dust concentration before and after the treatment of dust-polluted areas, it is proven that the dust reduction efficiency of this plan can reach more than 90%.
Surgical outcomes of acute type A aortic dissection in dialysis patients: lessons learned from a single-center’s experience
Authors: Wang Zhigang , Ge Pingping , Lu Lichong , Ge Min , Chen Cheng , Zhang Lifang , Wang Dongjin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThere is a paucity of data describing the safety and efficacy of acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) repair surgeries in dialysis patients. Our study aimed to investigated the influence of dialysis on early and late outcomes in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients who received repair surgery for ATAAD. A total of 882 ATAAD patients who received emergency aortic dissection repair at our center from January 2015 to December 2019 were retrospectively screened in this study and divided into the dialysis group (n = 16) and the non-dialysis group (n = 866), depending on whether they required dialysis for preoperative ESRD. No significant difference of age, preoperative hemodynamics, organ ischemia conditions, operative variables as well as the 30-Day mortality and in-hospital complications was discovered between two groups. However, the survival rates and the proportion of late aortic event (sudden death and reoperation) free population at 1 and 3 years after surgery were significantly decreased in dialysis patients compared to non-dialysis patients. Our study indicated that the short-term surgical outcomes of ATAAD in dialysis patients were comparable to non-dialysis patient. However, the dialysis patients were associated with a worse long-term prognosis.
Targeting β-catenin in acute myeloid leukaemia: past, present, and future perspectives
Authors: Wagstaff Megan , Coke Brandon , Hodgkiss Georgia R. , Morgan Rhys G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is an aggressive disease of the bone marrow with a poor prognosis. Evidence suggests long established chemotherapeutic regimens used to treat AML are reaching the limits of their efficacy, necessitating the urgent development of novel targeted therapies. Canonical Wnt signalling is an evolutionary conserved cascade heavily implicated in normal developmental and disease processes in humans. For over 15 years its been known that the central mediator of this pathway, β-catenin, is dysregulated in AML promoting the emergence, maintenance, and drug resistance of leukaemia stem cells. Yet, despite this knowledge, and subsequent studies demonstrating the therapeutic potential of targeting Wnt activity in haematological cancers, β-catenin inhibitors have not yet reached the clinic. The aim of this review is to summarise the current understanding regarding the role and mechanistic dysregulation of β-catenin in AML, and assess the therapeutic merit of pharmacologically targeting this molecule, drawing on lessons from other disease contexts.
Radioembolization, Principles and indications
Authors: Ahmadzadehfar Hojjat , Ilhan Harun , Lam Marnix G. E. H. , Sraieb Miriam , Stegger Lars 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRadioembolization is the selective application of radionuclide-loaded microspheres into liver arteries for the therapy of liver tumours and metastases. In this review, we focused on therapy planning and dosimetry, as well as the main indications of 90Y-glass and resin microspheres and 166Ho-microspheres.
Determinants and Diversity of Internationalisation in Political Science: The Role of National Policy Incentives
Authors: Kostova Dobrinka , Smyrl Marc , Erkkilä Tero , Dvořáková Vladimíra 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article examines selected system-level variables. Its premise is that a better understanding of how and why scholars may, or may not, choose an international orientation in their career requires taking into account factors beyond personal preferences or constraints. We suggest that characteristics of national systems shape prospects and strategies of internationalisation and look at two broadly defined variables: resource availability and career incentives. With respect to the first, we study the absolute level of national resources and their relative importance vies-a-vis those provided by the EU. With respect to the second, we consider the rules and norms governing the progress of academic careers, especially the extent to which international collaboration is significant and necessary for initially attaining a stable academic position and career advancement. We explore these questions through targeted comparison of four national cases, selected to ensure crosscutting variation across the selected variables. A comparison of two relatively low-resource cases (Bulgaria and the Czech Republic) with two relatively high-resource ones (France and Finland) is followed by a comparison with respect to career incentives. This allows to conclude that both factors should be considered as necessary conditions for internationalisation, and to suggest how this hypothesis might be further tested in subsequent research.
Determination of an unknown shear force in cantilever Kirchhoff–Love plate from measured final data with application to atomic force microscope
Authors: Hasanov Alemdar , Kawano Alexandre 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We present a new and feasible formulation for the inverse problem of identifying the unknown shear force acting on the inaccessible tip of the nonhomogeneous micro-cantilever plate which is a key component in most atomic force microscopes. The mathematical modelling of this phenomena leads to the inverse problem of determining the shear force g(x
2, t) acting on the inaccessible boundary x
1 = ℓ
1 in a system governed by the variable coefficient damped Kirchhoff–Love plate equation

ρ

(

x

)

h

(

x

)

u

t
t

+

μ

(

x

)

u

t

+

D

(

x

)

(

u

x

1

x

1

+
ν

u

x

2

x

2

)

x

1

x

1

+

D

(

x

)

(

ν

u

x

1

x

1

+

u

x

2

x

2

)

x

2

x

2

+

2

(

1

−

ν

)

D

(

x

)

u

x

1

x

2

x

1

x

2

=
F

(

x
,
t

)

, where (x, t) ∈ Ω
T
≔ Ω × (0, T), x ≔ (x
1, x
2) and

Ω
≔

(

0
,

ℓ

1

)

×

(

0
,

ℓ

2

)

⊂

R

2

, subject to clamped-free boundary conditions, from final time measured output (displacement) u

T
(x) ≔ u(x, T). We prove that under appropriate conditions, this inverse problem has a unique solution. We introduce the input–output operator and prove that it is a linear compact and Lipschitz continuous operator. Based on these results, the existence of a quasi-solution of the inverse problem, as a solution of the minimization problem for the Tikhonov functional, is proved. Furthermore, an explicit gradient formula for the Fréchet derivative of the Tikhonov functional is derived. Moreover, it is proved that the Fréchet derivative is Lipschitz continuous. These results provide a mathematical basis for gradient based computational algorithm.