bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subclavian Effort Thrombosis: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management
Authors: Schwenke Matthew , Goldman Roger E. , Sarkeshik Amir A. , King Eric C. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSubclavian vein (SCV) effort thrombosis, also known as Paget-Schroetter syndrome or venous thoracic outlet syndrome, is an uncommon condition that affects individuals with an irregularly narrow thoracic outlet who engage in repetitive overhead motions of the affected arm. Venous injury arises from microtraumas that occur from the repetitive compression of the SCV between the first rib and the overlying clavicle. Additional sources of extrinsic compression can be due to the anterior scalene muscle, subclavius muscle, and costoclavicular ligament. SCV effort thrombosis is a distinct entity from other forms of deep venous thrombosis and requires unique diagnostic and treatment considerations. Early catheter-directed therapy in the form of pharmacomechanical or catheter-directed thrombolysis combined with prompt surgical thoracic outlet decompression offers patients the best chances for early and durable symptom relief.
The Effect of Neuromodulatory Drugs on the Intensity of Chronic Pelvic Pain in Women: A Systematic Review
Authors: Andrade Marcela Almeida , Soares Leila Cristina , Oliveira Marco Aurélio Pinho de 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the effect of neuromodulatory drugs on the intensity of chronic pelvic pain (CPP) in women.
Data sources: Searches were carried out in the PubMed, Cochrane Central, Embase, Lilacs, OpenGrey, and Clinical Trials databases.
Selection of studies: The searches were carried out by two of the authors, not delimiting publication date or original language. The following descriptors were used: chronic pelvic pain in women OR endometriosis, associated with MESH/ENTREE/DeCS: gabapentinoids, gabapentin, amitriptyline, antidepressant, pregabalin, anticonvulsant, sertraline, duloxetine, nortriptyline, citalopram, imipramine, venlafaxine, neuromodulation drugs, acyclic pelvic pain, serotonin, noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors, and tricyclic antidepressants, with the Boolean operator OR. Case reports and systematic reviews were excluded.
Data collection: The following data were extracted: author, year of publication, setting, type of study, sample size, intervention details, follow-up time, and results.
Data synthesis: A total of 218 articles were found, with 79 being excluded because they were repeated, leaving 139 articles for analysis: 90 were excluded in the analysis of the titles, 37 after reading the abstract, and 4 after reading the articles in full, and 1 could not be found, therefore, leaving 7 articles that were included in the review.
Conclusion: Most of the studies analyzed have shown pain improvement with the help of neuromodulators for chronic pain. However, no improvement was found in the study with the highest statistical power. There is still not enough evidence that neuromodulatory drugs reduce the intensity of pain in women with CPP.
Coincidence Analysis: A Novel Approach to Modeling Nurses' Workplace Experience
Authors: Womack Dana M. , Miech Edward J. , Fox Nicholas J. , Silvey Linus C. , Somerville Anna M. , Eldredge Deborah H. , Steege Linsey M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objectives The purpose of this study is to identify combinations of workplace conditions that uniquely differentiate high, medium, and low registered nurse (RN) ratings of appropriateness of patient assignment during daytime intensive care unit (ICU) work shifts.
Methods A collective case study design and coincidence analysis were employed to identify combinations of workplace conditions that link directly to high, medium, and low RN perception of appropriateness of patient assignment at a mid-shift time point. RN members of the study team hypothesized a set of 55 workplace conditions as potential difference makers through the application of theoretical and empirical knowledge. Conditions were derived from data exported from electronic systems commonly used in nursing care.
Results Analysis of 64 cases (25 high, 24 medium, and 15 low) produced three models, one for each level of the outcome. Each model contained multiple pathways to the same outcome. The model for “high” appropriateness was the simplest model with two paths to the outcome and a shared condition across pathways. The first path comprised of the absence of overtime and a before-noon patient discharge or transfer, and the second path comprised of the absence of overtime and RN assignment to a single ICU patient.
Conclusion Specific combinations of workplace conditions uniquely distinguish RN perception of appropriateness of patient assignment at a mid-shift time point, and these difference-making conditions provide a foundation for enhanced observability of nurses' work experience during hospital work shifts. This study illuminates the complexity of assessing nursing work system status by revealing that multiple paths, comprised of multiple conditions, can lead to the same outcome. Operational decision support tools may best reflect the complex adaptive nature of the work systems they intend to support by utilizing methods that accommodate both causal complexity and equifinality.
Random regression models for multi-environment, multi-time data from crop breeding selection trials
Authors: De Faveri J. , Verbyla A. P. , Rebetzke G. 
Published: August 2022

Context In order to identify best crop genotypes for recommendation to breeders, and ultimately for use in breeding, evaluation is usually conducted in field trials across a range of environments, known as multi-environment trials. Increasingly, many breeding traits are measured over time, for example with high-throughput phenotyping at different growth stages in annual crops or repeated harvests in perennial crops. Aims This study aims to provide an efficient, accurate approach for modelling genotype response over time and across environments, accounting for non-genetic sources of variation such as spatial and temporal correlation. Methods Because the aim is genotype selection, genetic effects are fitted as random effects, and so the approach is based on random regression, in which linear or non-linear models are used to model genotype responses. A method for fitting random regression is outlined in a multi-environment situation, using underlying cubic smoothing splines to model the mean trend over time. This approach is illustrated on six wheat experiments, using data on grain-filling over thermal time. Key results The method correlates genetic effects over time and environments, providing predicted genotype responses while incorporating spatial and temporal correlation between observations. Conclusions The approach provides robust genotype predictions by accounting for temporal and spatial effects simultaneously under various situations including those in which trials have different measurement times or where genotypes within trials are not measured at the same times. The approach facilitates investigation into genotype by environment interaction (G × E) both within and across environments. Implications The models presented have potential to increase accuracy of predictions over measurement times and trials, provide predictions at times other than those observed, and give a greater understanding of G × E interaction, hence improving genotype selection across environments for repeated-measures traits.
Why patients attend after-hours medical services: a cross-sectional survey of patients across the Australian Capital Territory
Authors: Barnes Katelyn , Ceramidas Dagmar , Douglas Kirsty 
Published: August 2022

Background Almost half of Australian after-hours emergency department (ED) presentations are rated as ‘non-urgent’ by clinicians and are suggested to be managed by community-based services, such as general practice (GP). This paper reports patient reasons for presenting for medical care after hours, and reasons for selection of specific services across a health system. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted across the Australian Capital Territory. Patients voluntarily completed questionnaires in waiting rooms during the after-hours periods of one weekday and one weekend in 2019 at 28/51 extended hours GPs, 3/3 medical deputising services (MDS), 3/3 nurse-led walk-in-clinics (WICs), and 2/2 public emergency departments (EDs). Results Of 3371 presentations, 1992 patients completed a survey, with 58% from GPs (n = 1149), 16% from WIC (n = 317), 10% from MDS (n = 193), and 17% from EDs (n = 333). Most patients presented with self-rated new issues (n = 987, 49.5%) and were uncertain of the urgency of their issues (n = 723, 36.7%). Common reasons for presenting to WIC, MDS, and EDs included the problem occurring after hours, and patients concern about the issue. Common reasons for presenting to GP were related to personal preference for after-hours care. Conclusions Patients present to after-hours medical services for both perceived need and convenience. Most patients appear to be self-selecting after-hours services appropriately aligned with advertised services; except for GP patients who were attending after hours for care that is often non-urgent and could be seen in usual working hours. This study should be replicated to account for local health systems, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related changes to health care.
Ultrasound and surface electromyography analyses reveal an intensity dependent active stretch‐shortening cycle of the vastus lateralis muscle during ergometer rowing
Authors: Held Steffen , Raiteri Brent , Rappelt Ludwig , Hahn Daniel , Donath Lars 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTA rowing cycle is characterised by a stretch‐shortening cycle (SSC) at the quadriceps femoris muscle‐tendon unit (MTU) level. However, due to the associated decoupling between MTU and muscle fascicle length changes, it remains unclear whether a rowing cycle causes active stretch at the muscle level. Fifteen young, sub‐elite, male rowers (19.5 ± 1.6 yr; 1.94 ± 0.06 m; 91.9 ± 5.4 kg; rowing experience: 7.5 ± 2.8 yr) performed randomised 60‐s rowing intervals using a traditional style at a low (LiR) and high intensity (HiR) and a micro‐pause style at a low intensity (MpR). Muscle activity, knee joint angles, and muscle fascicle length changes from the left‐sided vastus lateralis (VL) muscle were quantified using surface electromyography, inertial measurement units, and B‐mode ultrasound imaging, respectively. All rowing conditions showed active fascicle stretch during late knee flexion (p≤0.001, standardised mean difference (SMD) ≥0.72) and subsequent active fascicle shortening throughout knee extension. Active fascicle stretch duration, amplitude and velocity (rANOVA: p≤0.001, ηp2 = 0.49) were not significantly different (p≥0.174; SMD≤0.26) between LiR and MpR, but were significantly increased during HiR (p≤0.001; SMD≥0.70). The percentage of rowing cycles that involved active fascicle stretch (rANOVA: p≤0.001, ηp2 = 0.95; post‐hoc: p≤0.001, SMD≥0.87) was also significantly higher for HiR (98.3 ±12.9%) compared with both LiR (65.0 ± 48.1%) and MpR (68.3 ± 46.9%). In conclusion, rowing involves SSC at the VL muscle fascicle level, but the amount of active stretch differs between rowing intensities, with the longest, largest, and fastest active stretch occurring during HiR. SSC‐based mechanisms may therefore contribute more to rowing performance during HiR than LiR or MpR.
Knudsen force based double beam MEMS vacuum pressure sensor
Authors: Kannan Sivasundari , Bhattacharya Enakshi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Knudsen forces are gas molecular forces, generated due to the presence of a thermal gradient between two surfaces in rarefied gas and can be effectively used for the measurement of low pressures. This work reports on a Knudsen force based micro electro mechanical systems low pressure sensor consisting of two stacked beams of polysilicon—one acting as a heater while the other as a sensor. The structure is fabricated using a double sacrificial layer surface micromachining process. The thermal gradient across the two stacked beams is induced by resistive heating of the heater beam. The effect of using two separate beams for heating and sensing has been investigated at different heater current and the results are compared with the existing works. The provision of two beams has resulted in the sensor functioning at very low pressure of less than 0.1 Pa with an improved sensitivity of 15.5 fF mPa−1.
Glassy disorder-induced effects in noisy dynamics of Bose–Hubbard and Fermi–Hubbard systems
Authors: Sarkar Saubhik , Sen Ujjwal 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We address the effects of quenched disorder averaging in the time-evolution of systems of ultracold atoms in optical lattices in the presence of noise, imposed by an environment. For bosonic systems governed by the Bose–Hubbard Hamiltonian, we quantify the response of disorder in Hamiltonian parameters in terms of physical observables, including bipartite entanglement in the ground state, and report the existence of disorder-induced enhancement in weakly interacting cases. For systems of two-species fermions described by the Fermi–Hubbard Hamiltonian, we find similar results. In both cases, our dynamical calculations show no appreciable change in the effects of disorder from that of the initial state of the evolution. We explain our findings in terms of the statistics of the disorder in the parameters and the behaviour of the observables with the parameters.
A compact terahertz frequency selective surface with fast roll-off characteristics
Authors: Ruan Jiu Fu , Tao Zhi , Zou Rui Zhi , Meng Zi Fan , Pan Sheng Min 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A simple and compact terahertz frequency selective surface (FSS) with high selectivity is presented for cases of normal incidence. Guidelines for the design along with the operation mechanism are presented in detail from the view of an equivalent circuit. The design is implemented by mapping the lumped components of a microwave filter topology circuit with two transmission zeros to structures of the FSS; the mapping is realized by slotting a cross-shaped aperture in the grid. An intensive study on the equivalent circuit model predicts the existence of transmission zeros and poles. It can afford two transmission zeros and two transmission poles ranging from 350 GHz to 450 GHz with a band separation of 1.05 and 1.07, thereby exhibiting fast roll-off characteristics. The two transmission zeros can be controlled independently by simply changing the structure parameters of the unit cell. The proposed FSS is superior in terms of roll-off rate as well as the balance between selectivity and overall thickness. The measured results of the prototype are consistent with the simulation results, which validates the robustness of the design.
Impact of dynamic stretching exponent on the correlation between liquid fragility and nonexponentiality at the glass transition
Authors: Doss Karan , Mauro John C 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The presence of large scatter in linear response data has cast doubt on the existence of an inverse correlation between liquid fragility and nonexponentiality, as originally proposed by Böhmer et al (1993 J. Chem. Phys.
99 4201). We present a model for the temperature dependence of the stretching exponent based on the Mauro–Yue–Ellison–Gupta–Allan model for supercooled liquid viscosity and discuss the factors impacting the relationship between fragility and the stretching exponent at the glass transition. The proposed model exhibits distinct advantages over previous models in terms of interpretability and limit behaviors for the temperature dependence.
Living in a non-flat universe: theoretical formalism
Authors: Baumgartner Sandra , Yoo Jaiyul 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Recent analysis of the Planck measurements opened a possibility that we live in a non-flat universe. Given the renewed interest in non-zero spatial curvature, here we re-visit the light propagation in a non-flat universe and provide the gauge-invariant expressions for the cosmological probes: the luminosity distance, galaxy clustering, weak gravitational lensing, and cosmic microwave background anisotropies. With the positional dependence of the spatial metric, the light propagation in a non-flat universe is much more complicated than in a flat universe. Accounting for all the relativistic effects and including the vector and tensor contributions, we derive the expressions for the cosmological probes and explicitly verify their gauge invariance. We compare our results to previous work in a non-flat universe, if present, but this work represents the first comprehensive investigation of the cosmological probes in a non-flat universe. Our theoretical formalism in a non-flat universe will play a crucial role in constraining the spatial curvature in the upcoming large-scale surveys.
Quantum diffusion in sharp transition to non-slow-roll phase
Authors: Ahmadi Nahid , Noorbala Mahdiyar , Feyzabadi Niloufar , Eghbalpoor Fatemeh , Ahmadi Zahra 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Transitions between different inflationary slow-roll scenarios are known to provide short
non-slow-roll periods with non-trivial consequences. We consider the effect of quantum diffusion
on the inflationary dynamics in a transition process. Using the stochastic δ𝒩
formalism, we follow the detailed evolution of noises through a sharp transition modeled by the
Starobinsky potential, although some of our results apply to any sharp transition. We find how
the stochastic noise induced by the transition affects the coarse-grained fields. We then
consider the special case that the potential is flat after the transition. It is found that,
during a particular phase of evolution, the noise we obtain cannot drive the inflaton past the
classically unreachable field values; so the boundary crossing is delayed. By deriving the
characteristic function, we also study the tail behavior for the distribution of curvature
perturbations ζ, which we find to decay faster than exp(-3ζ).
B-L genesis by sliding inflaton
Authors: Yoshimura M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We propose a new mechanism of lepton (L) number asymmetry generation,
hence offer an explanation of matter-antimatter imbalance when
a significant amount of baryon number is later
transformed from this L-number by known electroweak sphaleron mediated process.
The basic theoretical framework is a
recently proposed multiple scalar-tensor gravity that dynamically solves
the cosmological constant problem.
The L-asymmetry generation in one of two proposed scenarios
is triggered by dynamical relaxation of scalar inflaton field towards
the zero cosmological constant.
CPT violation (C = charge conjugation, P = parity operation,
T = time reversal) in the presence of a chemical potential
gives the necessary time arrow, and
lepton number violating scattering in cosmic thermal medium
generates a net cosmological L-number via resonance formation.
Another scenario is L-asymmetry generation from
evaporating primordial black holes.
These proposed mechanisms do not require CP violating phases
in physics beyond the standard model:
the new required physics
is existence of heavy Majorana leptons of masses 1015 ∼ 1017 GeV
that realizes the seesaw mechanism.
We identify the cosmological epoch of lepto-genesis in two scenarios,
which may give the right amount of observed baryon to entropy ratio.
It might even be possible to experimentally determine microscopic physics parameter,
masses of three heavy Majorana leptons
by observing astrophysical footprints of primordial black hole evaporation
at specified hole masses.
Inflationary epoch in the presence of holographic dark energy
Authors: Delgado Paola C. M. , Ganz Alexander , Lin Chunshan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We analyze the effects of the holographic dark energy model in a single field slow-roll inflation, taking into account both the holographic and the dark radiation components. In particular, we obtain the background evolution and compute the scalar and tensor power spectra. For the scalar sector we show that the power spectrum of the curvature perturbation encompasses the standard single field result and a correction proportional to Ωhde/ϵ, where Ωhde is the fractional density of the holographic component and ϵ is the first slow-roll parameter. This correction might be of order unity in the very beginning of the inflationary phase and decays rapidly. For the primordial gravitational waves we find the spectral index receives a correction from the graviton mass term, which decays in the first inflationary e-folds.
Pixel size limit of the PRIMA implants: from humans to rodents and back
Authors: Wang Bing-Yi , Chen Zhijie Charles , Bhuckory Mohajeet , Kochnev Goldstein Anna , Palanker Daniel 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objective. Retinal prostheses aim at restoring sight in patients with retinal degeneration by electrically stimulating the inner retinal neurons. Clinical trials with patients blinded by atrophic age-related macular degeneration using the PRIMA subretinal implant, a 2 × 2 mm array of 100 µm-wide photovoltaic pixels, have demonstrated a prosthetic visual acuity closely matching the pixel size. Further improvement in resolution requires smaller pixels, which, with the current bipolar design, necessitates more intense stimulation. Approach. We examine the lower limit of the pixel size for PRIMA implants by modeling the electric field, leveraging the clinical benchmarks, and using animal data to assess the stimulation strength and contrast of various patterns. Visually evoked potentials measured in Royal College of Surgeons rats with photovoltaic implants composed of 100 µm and 75 µm pixels were compared to clinical thresholds with 100 µm pixels. Electrical stimulation model calibrated by the clinical and rodent data was used to predict the performance of the implant with smaller pixels. Main results. PRIMA implants with 75 µm bipolar pixels under the maximum safe near-infrared (880 nm) illumination of 8 mW mm−2 with 30% duty cycle (10 ms pulses at 30 Hz) should provide a similar perceptual brightness as with 100 µm pixels under 3 mW mm−2 irradiance, used in the current clinical trials. Contrast of the Landolt C pattern scaled down to 75 µm pixels is also similar under such illumination to that with 100 µm pixels, increasing the maximum acuity from 20/420 to 20/315. Significance. Computational modeling defines the minimum pixel size of the PRIMA implants as 75 µm. Increasing the implant width from 2 to 3 mm and reducing the pixel size from 100 to 75 µm will nearly quadrupole the number of pixels, which should be very beneficial for patients. Smaller pixels of the same bipolar flat geometry would require excessively intense illumination, and therefore a different pixel design should be considered for further improvement in resolution.