bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kajian Norma dan Etika Produksi Dalam Perspektif Islam
Authors: Hadi Sholikul 
Published: March 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini, yaitu untuk mengetahui norma dan etika produksi dalam perspektif Islam dan faktor-faktor produksi menurut Islam.Penelitian ini menggunakan desain literatur (library research) dengan pendekatan filosofis, yaitu pendekatan penelitian dengan melihat dan membahas permasalahan dengan menitik beratkan pada aspek hukum Islam. Metode pengumpulan data dengan cara mengkaji berbagai buku-buku (literatur) yang relevan dengan pokok persoalan. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini melalui komponen pokok, yaitu data reduction, data display dan conclution drawing. Hasil penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa (1) Islam memiliki batasan yang berupa norma dan etika dalam memproduksi suatu barang dan jasa. Norma dan etika dimaksud, yaitu: bekerja keras dan bersungguh-sungguh, mengedepankan akhlak mulia, menggunakan ilmu dan amal, mencegah kemalasan dan ketidaksungguhan, menjaga kualitas produksi, serta bersikap adil dan jujur; (2) Faktor-faktor produksi dalam perspektif ekonomi Islam ada empat, yaitu : faktor alam, faktor tenaga kerja, faktor modal dan faktor manajemen. Proses produksi yang baik dan berhasil adalah jika menggunakan empat faktor tersebut dengan menghasilkan barang sebanyak-banyaknya dan mendapatkan kualitas semanfaat mungkin. Karena yang terpenting dari pada produksi adalah bagaimana mengambil manfaat dari barang-barang tersebut sebaik mungkin.
Prenatal Ultrasound Signs of Cornelia de Lange Syndrome in Monochorionic Twins: Case Study
Authors: Normuradova Nodira M. , Khujakulov Odil A. , Ergasheva Mahliyo Sh. , Ollanazarov Eshdavlat R. , Majidov Bekhruz B. 
Published: March 2022

Background. Cornelia de Lange syndrome is rare genetic disease manifested by short stature, limb abnormalities, craniofacial dysmorphies, and developmental delay. Syndrome prenatal detection is crucial during ultrasound diagnosis.Clinical case description. Growth delay of both children (body weight indicators were less than the 1st percentile) without any pathological changes in utero-fetoplacental perfusion (according to Doppler) was revealed during the ultrasound examination of monochorial twins in the II trimester of pregnancy. Hydramnious was noted. Fetal echocardiography has revealed transposition of main arteries in the first intrauterine child. Examination of fetus facial structures has shown nose bridge depression, upturned nose, elongated filter, and micrognathy. Second child has shown features of heterotypic abnormalities of upper limbs. One forearm bone was missing on the left side, presumably ulnar, the radial bone was shortened, and there was oligodactyly (only 2 fingers were visualized). There was no digitus annularis on the right hand, and there was clinodactyly of the fifth finger. Genetic testing was not performed due to the inaccessibility of this method in the country of residence and the financial limitations of the family to perform it elsewhere. Male twins were born prematurely on 35th week of pregnancy with weight of 1680 and 1640 (body weight indicators were less than the 5th percentile). Babies were consulted by the geneticist after birth, clinical diagnosis of Cornelia de Lange syndrome was established. The child with heart defect died on the 23rd day of his life, the second was discharged in satisfactory condition.Conclusion. Cornelia de Lange syndrome may manifest in monochorionic twins. The diagnosis of intrauterine growth delay in the II-III trimesters of pregnancy, without impaired uterofeto-placental perfusion, especially associated with hydramnious, requires searching for structural abnormalities and examination of facial dysmorphies specific for chromosomal or genetic diseases.
CRP/LYMPHOCYTE RATIO IN PATIENTS WITH COVID-19 WITH HEADACHE
Authors: IŞIK Şaziye Melike , KARACAN GÖLEN Meltem , YILMAZ OKUYAN Dilek 
Published: March 2022

Aim: One of the most common neurologic symptoms observed in COVID-19 is headache. The pathogenesis of this headache is still not clearly defined. In our study, we aimed to reveal the relationship between headache observed in patients with COVID-19 and the C-reactive protein CRP/lymphocyte ratio, an indicator of inflammation.
Material and Method: The demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of patients followed up with a diagnosis of COVID-19 were recorded. The clinical and laboratory findings of patients with and without headache were compared.
Results: A total of 106 patients were included in the study. The mean age of all patients was 60.81 ± 15.03 years and 50.9% were male. The mean age of the patient group with headache (57.77 ± 15.42 years) was significantly lower than the mean age of the group without headache (64.22 ± 13.95 years) (p=0.027). The smoking rate was also higher in this group (p=0.003). Smell and taste disorders were also found to be significantly higher in patients with headache compared with patients without headache (p=0.003). When the groups were compared in terms of the CRP/lymphocyte ratio, no significant difference was found (p
Perceptions of Intern Nurses Regarding the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic: A Qualitative Study
Authors: GÖKDERE ÇİNAR Hava , YILMAZ Dilek , YILMAZ Hülya 
Published: March 2022

Aim: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the individual and professional lives of all people, especially health professionals. For this reason, this study aimed to qualitatively determine the perceptions of intern nurses regarding the COVID-19 pandemic.
Materials and Method: This phenomenological study was conducted with intern students receiving education at the final year of the nursing department of a state university in the Marmara Region of Turkey between November 1, 2020, and January 15, 2021. An in-depth face-to-face interview method was used in the study. In the interviews, four semi-structured interview questions developed by the researchers were asked to the participants; the answers were audio-recorded and the interviews were analyzed by the researchers. Main themes and sub-themes were generated with the codes obtained in the analysis.
Results: As a result of the data analysis, three main themes, seven sub-themes, and twenty-four codes were determined for the perceptions of the participants regarding the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. It was determined that many factors affected intern nurses’ daily lives negatively and positively during the pandemic process and that participants resorted to some physical, psychological, and social methods to cope with the pandemic process. A group of intern nurses who performed clinical practice during the pandemic stated that this process had a positive effect on their individual development, their approach to patients, and their professional attitudes. Nevertheless, another group stated that their professional commitment decreased, that they felt worried and worthless, and that they avoided participating in the practices.
Conclusion: It was determined that intern nurses, the closest group to the nursing profession, were affected by the pandemic process in many positive and negative aspects, that their professional perceptions changed due to their concerns about the current situation and future, and that they used different techniques that supported and restrained their development in coping with the process. Educational institutions are recommended to provide motivation, counseling, and psychological support programs in order for student nurses to be able to manage their concerns, negative affections, and changing professional perceptions.
Examination Of Swallowing Status In Multipl Sclerosis Patients
Authors: GÜNTEL Murat , HÜZMELİ Esra Doğru , DUMAN Taşkın 
Published: March 2022

Background: Dysphagia is a life-threatening symptom. The present study aims to evaluate the swallowing function and dysphagia status of MS patients and to find factors that may cause dysphagia. Also, to bring attention to the importance of the early dysphagia examination in MS patients.
Methods: A total of 30 MS patients who applied to the neurology clinic of Mustafa Kemal University were included in the study. Dysphagia was evaluated using GUSS (Gugging Swallowing Screen) test for quantitative evaluation of swallowing function. Demographic data (age, gender) of all patients were recorded. Disease duration, if present dysphagia duration, MS type, and Kurtzke's Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) indicating the patient's level of disability was all recorded.
Results: According to the GUSS test classification; while 14 patients had mild dysphagia, the remaining 16 patients did not reveal any dysphagia or aspiration risk. We found a weak correlation between EDSS and GUSS(r=-0.227), and between EDSS and Subjective Duration of Dysphagia (r=-0.227). There was a moderate and negative correlation between GUSS and duration of disease (-0.543), GUSS, and teeth status (r=-0.535) but a weak correlation between GUSS and age; GUSS and duration of dysphagia. There was a significant difference in teeth status and GUSS score
Conclusion: As a result, individuals with MS may have swallowing dysfunction due to different conditions, so these patients should be evaluated closely in terms of swallowing function from the early stages of the disease immediately upon diagnosis. Thus, serious problems related to aspiration can be prevented.
Çocukluk Çağı Primer ve Sekonder Baş Ağrılarında Tanı ve Ayırıcı Tanı Özelliklerinin Yapılandırılmış Öykü ile Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: İNCE Hülya 
Published: March 2022

Amaç: Çocuklarda sık görülen baş ağrısında aile ve klinisyen açısından önemli olan öncelikle primer ve sekonder baş ağrısı ayırımının yapılmasıdır. Bu çalışmada, anket şeklinde hazırlanan yapılandırılmış sorularla primer baş ağrısı özelliklerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Ocak 2015 ile Aralık 2020 tarihleri arasında baş ağrısı yakınmasıyla çocuk nöroloji polikliniğinde değerlendirilen ve “Baş Ağrısı Bozukluğunun Uluslararası Sınıflaması (3. Baskı-beta versiyonu)” kriterleri temel alınarak migren ve gerilim tipi baş ağrısı (GTBA) tanısı konulan hastalar çalışmaya alındı ve veriler retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi.
Bulgular: Çalışmaya alınan 1498 hastanın %94,8'i migren, %5.2'i GTBA tanısı aldı ve yaşları 37 ile 216 ay arasındaydı. Grup 1'de 847 kız (%59.6), 573 (%40.4) erkek hasta migren tanısıyla, Grup 2'de 37 kız (%47.4), 41 (%52.6) erkek hasta GTBA tanısıyla değerlendirildi. Migren hastalarında; ağrının farklı bölgelerde başladığı ve yayıldığı, değişik ortamlarda görüldüğü, zamanla şiddet ve sıklığının arttığı, kızlarda ve büyük yaşlarda görüldüğü, ağrı kesici alma oranının yüksek olduğu, ağrı tetikleyicilerin çok olduğu, etkinlikle arttığı, baş dönmesi ve ailede depresyon varlığının önemli olduğu bulundu. GTBA hastalarında ise; ilk üç ayda hastaneye başvurdukları, tek tip baş ağrısının olduğu, yayılmadığı ve daha çok evde tekrarladığı, zamanla şiddet ve sıklığında değişiklik olmayan hafif bir ağrı olduğu ve erkeklerde küçük yaşlarda daha fazla görüldüğü saptandı. Atak sıklığı, ağrının oluş saati ve lokalizasyonu benzer bulundu.
Sonuç: Ciddi hastalık endişesi oluşturan baş ağrısı, geniş zaman diliminde ayrıntılı değerlendirmeyi gerektirmektedir. Bu çalışmada, fazla iş yükü nedeniyle yeterli zaman ayırılamayan durumlarda, yapılandırılmış sorular ile hastaların optimal değerlendirilebileceği, primer ve sekonder baş ağrısı ayırımının yapılabileceği vurgulanmak istenmiştir.
Histomorphological changes of skin in electrocution deaths - A study in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Kamaradgi Pravinkumar  N , Yaggati Neetha , P Shashikala , K Rajashree 
Published: March 2022

Electrocution deaths (EDs) is one of the important causes of negative autopsy with no gross pathological findings in almost half of all cases. The history surrounding the cause of death and circumstantial evidence is sometimes ambiguous and poses great difficulty. Hence, this need to be coupled with histopathological examination to arrive at the diagnosis.: Retrospective study was conducted with entry and exit wound of skin samples among 17 cases of EDs Total- 46 skin samples. Corresponding normal skin was used as control. The histomorphological changes of skin were noted in both entry and exit wound separately and its association with electrical voltage was studied and statistically analysed.: The maximum EDs were due to high voltage (47.06%) at the workplace (70.5%) and were accidental in nature (100%) predominantly affecting males (88.24%). Upper extremity was the chief area of wounding (51.7%). Most common gross abnormality was ulcer/crater (82%) in entry wound followed by bulla formation (70%). Commonly exit wound showed splits in skin (75%). The most common histopathological finding in entry as well as exit wound was dermoepidermal separation (88%, 75%), coagulative necrosis of epidermis (82%, 66%) and nuclear streaming (76%, 50%) respectively. : Histopathological changes in skin give the supportive evidence in determining the cause of death especially in case of negative autopsy. The important microscopic features of electrocution are dermoepidermal separation, coagulative necrosis, and nuclear streaming.
Systemic intelligence predictors of cognitive flexibility and cognitive holding power among university students
Authors: Alzubi Emad , Attiat Madher Mohammad , Al-Adamat Omar Atallah 
Published: March 2022

This study aimed to investigate the role of systemic intelligence factors in explaining cognitive flexibility and cognitive holding power among university students using measures of the aforementioned phenomena. A random sample of (519) students participated in this research, and it was found that factors relating to systemic intelligence could predict cognitive flexibility and cognitive holding power. The elements of systemic intelligence that were most adept at explaining cognitive flexibility were systemic action through positive engagement and active response, while systemic perception was the most explanatory factor in terms of cognitive holding power. The study concluded that systemic intelligence, which has perceptual, cognitive, social and behavioural facets, contributes to student performance in learning settings; consequently, it is recommended that the role of systemic intelligence should be analysed by linking elements of this form of intelligence with the different variables and integrating systemic thinking skills into different learning activities.

Keywords: systemic intelligence, cognitive flexibility, cognitive holding power.
Progressivity analysis of pleomorphic adenoma toward carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma
Authors: Syafriadi Mei , Ummah Dina Zakiyatul , Muna Aisyah Izzatul , Surya Maria Evata Krismawati 
Published: March 2022

Background: Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) is a benign salivary gland tumour with high incidence and recurrence after treatment. It may recur with the same appearance or develop toward malignancy, namely as carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (CXPA). Howthis tumour can transform into a CXPA remains unclear. Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyse the possibility of pathogenesis and progressivity of PA to CXPA. Methods: Twenty-four samples of PA and three control samples of CXPA were stained with haematoxylin and eosin (HE), Mallory’s trichrome, and Periodic acid–Schiff (PAS). All of the PA cases were identified through different kinds of stroma, tumour cells types, morphologic patterns, or else through atypical appearance of the PA similar to the CXPA. Results: Twenty-four samples of PA demonstrated that the most dominant stroma was myxofibrous, and the dominant tumour cell type was plasmacytoid cells with a trabecular pattern. Additionally, in the pleomorphic histological picture of adenomas we found several patterns of malignant tumour behaviour, including pseudopodia, metaplasia and hyalinisation, and cholesterol crystals that are thought to come from fat cell necrosis derived from adipose metaplasia. Conclusions: PA displays several atypical characteristics that have the potential to develop into malignancies such as CXPA, due to capsular infiltration, necrosis, hyalinization and high mitotic activity of cells, but all these atypical characteristics that we observed still cannot be clearly classified as CXPA because they require other specific examinations.
The effect of brotowali (Tinospora crispa L.) stem ethanolic extract on the inhibition of Candida albicans biofilm formation
Authors: Hutomo Suryani , Sooai Christiane Marlene , Merry Maria Silvia , Larope Ceny Gloria , Kristiyanto Haryo Dimasto 
Published: March 2022

Background: Candida albicans (C. albicans) is an opportunistic pathogen that can be found in the oral cavity and other parts of the body. This species is the main cause of oral candidiasis and forms a biofilm as its virulence factor. Due to increasing cases of antifungal resistance, research is needed on methods to control Candida biofilm formation. Brotowali (Tinospora crispa L.) is known to be antifungal, antiseptic and antiparasitic. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyse the ability of brotowali stem extract to inhibit Candida biofilm formation. Methods: The susceptibility of C. albicans to this extract was examined by a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test using the broth microdilution method. A bacterial adherence assay was performed by similar methods of the MIC assay. A brotowali stem extract of various concentrations were incubated in a yeast peptone dextrose broth medium and stimulated with a C. albicans suspension. The 0.1% crystal violet was used to stain the adherent fungi and measured using a microplate reader at 595 nm. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed to provide a general overview of the biofilm formation. Results: The MIC value for the brotowali stem extract was at a concentration of 5,000 μg/ml. Moreover, this extract inhibited fungal adherence starting at a concentration of 250 μg/ml. Observation using SEM confirmed these results. Statistical analysis using one-way analysis of variance demonstrated a significant difference of C. albicans adherence following stimulation with brotowali extract (p < 0.005). Conclusion: Brotowali stem extract can inhibit C. albicans biofilm formation at an optimal concentration of 1,000 μg/ml.
Postinterview Communication in Orthopaedic Surgery Residency Interviews: A Survey of Match Applicants
Authors: Arguello Alexandra M. , Love Bridgette , Ponce Brent A. , McGwin Gerald , Patt Joshua C. , Johnson Michael D. , Ames S. Elizabeth , Avedian Raffi , Kogan Monica 
Published: March 2022

Background:
To maintain the integrity of the match, postinterview communication (PIC) from programs to applicants is monitored and discouraged. The most recent report on the prevalence of PIC in orthopaedics found that 64% of surveyed applicants in 2014 and 2015 had received some form of PIC during their match cycle. In July 2019, the American Orthopaedic Association’s Council of Orthopaedic Residency Directors (AOA/CORD) released a guideline recommending the elimination of all PIC in any form. The goal of this follow-up study was to determine the current prevalence of PIC with orthopaedic surgery applicants and assess the perspectives of medical students who recently applied for orthopaedic surgery residency positions.

Methods:
A 35-question survey was e-mailed to all orthopaedic surgery residency applicants of 4 geographically diverse residency programs in postmatch March 2020. The survey was open for 1 month, and the responses were reported using descriptive statistics.

Results:
Of the 229 respondents (21% response rate), 91 (39.7%) received PIC during the 2019 to 2020 residency match cycle. The program director was most commonly identified (80.2%) as the person who communicated with the applicants. At the interview day, 198 respondents (86.5%) were told that programs would not be contacting the applicants with PIC. However, over a quarter of respondents (25.3%) who received PIC answered that those programs contacted applicants after announcing they would not. Nearly half of the respondents (48.5%) agreed or strongly agreed that PIC causes added stress on applicants, and over half (52.9%) agreed or strongly agreed that all programs should stop participating in any form of PIC.

Conclusions:
Although the prevalence of PIC seems to have decreased since the 2014 and 2015 match, there is still room for improvement toward eliminating PIC. The AOA/CORD position statement from July 2019 should be disseminated to all members of the residency selection team to ensure consistency from all programs. The primary limitation of this study was the 21% response rate.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV (survey study)
UM LÉXICO DE FLUIDOS SÓLIDOS
Authors: Guedes Brigante (Tradutor) Gustavo 
Published: March 2022

Em nossas discussões acerca do tema de fluidos sólidos, constantemente recorremos a palavras cotidianas, várias delas de derivação anciã e ricas em associação. Nós decidimos fazer uma lista de algumas das palavras que surgiram com maior frequência – exceto aquelas que já figuram como protagonistas das contribuições individuais – e distribuir entre nós a tarefa de escrever um tipo de mini-biografia para cada. O léxico resultante com 19 entradas, variando de ‘nuvem’ e ‘concreto’ para ‘onda’ e ‘madeira’, serve como uma conclusão para a coleção como um todo.

Tradução de “A Solid Fluid Lexicon”, publicado originalmente em SAGE Journals, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/02632764211030976, 2021, em inglês, se enquadra nos termos do licenciamento gratuito, sem necessidade de autorização formal, previsto pela Creative Commons. A licença, sob a sigla CC BY-NC 4.0 (“Creative Commons by noncomercial use” - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), abrange artigos “abertos” da SAGE Journals e contempla apenas traduções cujas finalidades não sejam comerciais, desde que a fonte e licença sejam explicitadas no documento traduzido. Traduzido por Gustavo Guedes Brigante, Doutorando em Ciências Sociais (UFRN) e Mestre em Ciências Sociais (PUC/SP).
Enhanced Bioavailability and Higher Uptake of Brain-Targeted Surface
Engineered Delivery System of Naringenin developed as a Therapeutic for
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Kuhad Anurag , Bhandari Ranjana , Paliwal Jyoti K 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Neuroinflammation resulting from oxidative and nitrosative stress is associated
with various neurological disorders and involves the generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and
microglial activation. Dietary phytochemicals are safer and more valuable adjunct neurotherapeutic
agents which can be added to the therapeutic regimen. These compounds provide neuroprotection by
the modulation of various signaling pathways.

Introduction:
Naringenin (NGN) is a phytochemical having low oral bioavailability because of poor
solubility, and adding to this limitation is enhanced efflux by P-glycoprotein transporters in neuroinflammatory
diseases.

Methods:
Hence, as a solution for these limitations, naringenin encapsulated poly-lactic-co-glycolic
acid (PLGA) nanocarriers were developed using the nanoprecipitation technique and coated with 1%
glutathione (GSH) and 1% Tween 80 to enhance brain delivery.

Results:
Coated and uncoated NGN-PLGA nanoparticles (NGN-PLGA-NPs) were spherical, monodispersed,
stable, and non-toxic, with a particle size of less than 200 nm. They had negative zeta-potential
values, 80% entrapment efficiency, and sustained drug release of 81.8% (uncoated), 80.13%, and
78.43% (coated) in 24 hours. FT-IR, DSC, PXRD, and NMR confirmed the drug encapsulation and
coating over nanoparticles. In-vivo brain uptake showed greater fluorescence intensity of the coated
nanoparticles in the brain than uncoated nanoparticles. In addition, there was a 2.33-fold increase in
bioavailability after coating compared to naringenin suspension and enhanced brain uptake.

Conclusion:
Present studies indicate sustained and targeted brain delivery of naringenin via the ligandcoated
delivery system by inhibiting enhanced P-glycoprotein (P-gp) efflux occurring in autism spectrum
disorders due to neuroinflammation.