bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear phenomena in femtosecond laser systems based on Yb: YAG thin-rod amplifiers
Authors: Kim J.W. , Park S. , Sall E.G. , Kim G.-H. , Yashin V.E. , Yang J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Nonlinear effects in a high-power laser amplification system based on thin-rod active elements are experimentally investigated. It is shown that the most important nonlinear effect is the Kerr effect leading to self-focusing and self-phase modulation of laser radiation. The observed luminescence in Yb : YAG crystals in the visible region of the spectrum is caused by the charge transfer luminescence effect, which, in turn, is due to multiphoton absorption of laser radiation. Second-order nonlinearity in the crystal is used to effectively convert femtosecond pulses to second harmonic and sum-frequency waves which exhibit radiations of green and UV spectra.
Femtosecond multiple filamentation of an optical vortex in the mid-IR wavelength range in fused silica and fluorides
Authors: Shlenov S.A. , Kompanets V.O. , Dergachev A.A. , Kandidov V.P. , Chekalin S.V. , Soifer F.I. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The results of experimental and theoretical study of the self-action of femtosecond optical vortices in the region of anomalous group velocity dispersion in fused silica and fluorides are presented. Multiple filamentation of an axially asymmetric annular beam with a phase dislocation of topological charge m = 1 at a wavelength of 1800 nm in a LiF crystal is investigated. It is found that for the experimentally recorded intensity profile of a vortex beam with two maxima on the diameter, the critical self-focusing power is approximately two times larger than the critical power of a unimodal Gaussian beam. In pulses with supercritical power in the vicinity of the intensity maxima, two coupled filaments, separated by a phase dislocation, are formed on the annular profile of the optical vortex, which prevents energy exchange during their formation. The length of vortex-beam plasma channels in a single pulse is found to be about 300 μm at a diameter of about 2 μm, which is close to the characteristics of plasma channels in a Gaussian beam.
Peer-to-peer accommodation as a peacebuilding tool: community resilience and group membership.
Authors: Antoniou Katerina 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Peer-to-peer (P2P) accommodation has grown exponentially in popularity over the past decade. This dynamic does not only influence the international tourism industry but carries additional sociocultural and political implications. This chapter discusses the impact of P2P accommodation in fostering positive intercultural relations and in serving as a peacebuilding tool for members of conflicting communities. In particular, the chapter examines the Couchsurfing network in Cyprus and examines its members' interactions and relations through principles of group membership. The study concludes that there is a strong group membership element in the Cyprus-based Couchsurfing community that brings together members from across the island's divide and suggests their increased resilience against divisive rhetoric.
Non-i.i.d. random holomorphic dynamical systems and the generic dichotomy
Authors: Sumi Hiroki , Watanabe Takayuki 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We consider non-i.i.d. random holomorphic dynamical systems whose choice of maps depends on Markovian rules. We show that generically, such a system is mean stable or chaotic with full Julia set. If a system is mean stable, then the Lyapunov exponent is uniformly negative for every initial value and almost every random orbit. Moreover, we consider families of random holomorphic dynamical systems and show that the set of mean stable systems has full measure under certain conditions. The latter is a new result even for i.i.d. random dynamical systems.
The robustness of geodetically derived 1-D Antarctic viscosity models in the presence of complex 3-D viscoelastic Earth structure
Authors: Powell E , Latychev K , Gomez N , Mitrovica J X 
Published: March 2022

SUMMARY
Earth structure beneath the Antarctic exerts an important control on the evolution of the ice sheet. A range of geological and geophysical data sets indicate that this structure is complex, with the western sector characterized by a lithosphere of thickness ∼50–100 km and viscosities within the upper mantle that vary by 2–3 orders of magnitude. Recent analyses of uplift rates estimated using Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) observations have inferred 1-D viscosity profiles below West Antarctica discretized into a small set of layers within the upper mantle using forward modelling of glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA). It remains unclear, however, what these 1-D viscosity models represent in an area with complex 3-D mantle structure, and over what geographic length-scale they are applicable. Here, we explore this issue by repeating the same modelling procedure but applied to synthetic uplift rates computed using a realistic model of 3-D viscoelastic Earth structure inferred from seismic tomographic imaging of the region, a finite volume treatment of GIA that captures this complexity, and a loading history of Antarctic ice mass changes inferred over the period 1992–2017. We find differences of up to an order of magnitude between the best-fitting 1-D inferences and regionally averaged depth profiles through the 3-D viscosity field used to generate the synthetics. Additional calculations suggest that this level of disagreement is not systematically improved if one increases the number of observation sites adopted in the analysis. Moreover, the 1-D models inferred from such a procedure are non-unique, that is a broad range of viscosity profiles fit the synthetic uplift rates equally well as a consequence, in part, of correlations between the viscosity values within each layer. While the uplift rate at each GNSS site is sensitive to a unique subspace of the complex, 3-D viscosity field, additional analyses based on rates from subsets of proximal sites showed no consistent improvement in the level of bias in the 1-D inference. We also conclude that the broad, regional-scale uplift field generated with the 3-D model is poorly represented by a prediction based on the best-fitting 1-D Earth model. Future work analysing GNSS data should be extended to include horizontal rates and move towards inversions for 3-D structure that reflect the intrinsic 3-D resolving power of the data.
Oral health promotion activities in the workplace: a scoping review
Authors: Bakri N N , Smith M B , Broadbent J M , Thomson W M 
Published: March 2022

Summary
There is limited literature and no reviews on oral health promotion activities in the workplace to guide planning and practice. This review summarizes evidence about oral health promotion activities in the workplace (nature and extent), its impact and the factors that facilitate or act as barriers to implementation. Using the PRISMA-ScR guidelines, scientific articles written in English and published in peer-reviewed journals up to April 2021, from six databases (Medline, PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, EMBASE and Emcare) were screened and selected. The full texts of 95 articles were then considered; 21 articles met the inclusion criteria of using oral health status or oral health predisposing factors as primary outcome after an intervention in the workplace. Almost all included articles took a quantitative approach (n = 18), two used a qualitative design and another used a mixed-method approach. The most common activities were personalized or group oral health education interventions and oral health screenings conducted by a dental professional. Two studies reported the cost-benefit of workplace oral health promotion (WOHP). The literature indicated that WOHP interventions can be successful in achieving improvements in oral health, measured using a range of clinical (plaque accumulation, gingival inflammation, periodontal inflammation) and self-rated oral health indicators. Based on the limited literature available, WOHP may have benefits for employee oral health and employers, and the support of managers and organizations potentially improves the success of programmes. The workplace would appear to be an ideal setting to promote oral health. However, there is limited information to guide oral health promotion planning and implementation, and policy.
Sedentary and Bedouin Dialects in Contact: Remarks on the Dialect of Christians and Muslims in Kufur-Kanna
Authors: Zuʾbi Amal 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Kufur-Kanna is a Palestinian village that has always been in contact with Bedouins. Some of its inhabitants are also Bedouin. One can describe the dialect spoken by both Christians and Muslims in the village as a rural dialect of mixed type. It shows some Bedouin features, e.g. *q &gt; g. The Bedouin features of Kufur-Kanna belong to the Syro-Mesopotamian group of dialects. One can describe several traits shared with Bedouin dialects diachronically as sedentary traits, e.g. the preservation of interdental consonants and gender distinction in the plural of verbs and pronouns. The dialect of Kufur-Kanna has the b-imperfect as other sedentary neighbouring dialects, while it differs from them in some features, e.g. the negation. It is characterized by the compound negation in addition to its absence in other forms that can be considered as a Bedouin feature.
On Protection of U.S. Forces From Global Health Threats: The Role of Health Security Advisors
Authors: Chu Will , Wallace Scott , Licina Derek , Erickson Elizabeth 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has exposed a health security gap within our nation and around the world. Recent national laws and policies have outlined the ends and means to improve health security. A decisive way is to achieve this objective is through health-related security cooperation efforts by increasing Health Services Support capacity.
Evaluation of a Cryptococcus capsular polysaccharide detection FungiXpert LFA (lateral flow assay) for the rapid diagnosis of Cryptococcosis
Authors: Liu Ya , Kang Mei , Wu Si-Ying , Wu Li-Juan , He Lan , Xiao Yu-Ling , Zhang Wei-Li , Liao Quan-Feng , Deng Jin , Chen Zhi-Xing , Ma Ying 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Cryptococcus is an opportunistic pathogenic fungus and is the major cause of fungal meningitis. The cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) lateral flow assay (LFA) is an immunochromatographic test system that has simplified diagnosis as a point-of-care test. In this study, we evaluated the diagnostic performance of Cryptococcal capsular polysaccharide detection FungiXpert (Genobio Pharmaceutical, Tianjin, China) using serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples for the diagnosis of cryptococcosis and investigated the cross-reaction of the assays to pathogenic fungi and bacterium by comparing it to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (US FDA)-approved IMMY CrAg LFA. Eighty CSF and 119 serum/plasma samples from 158 patients were retrospectively collected to test for qualitative or semi-quantitative detection of CrAg. Cross-reaction of the assays was tested using 28 fungi and 1 bacterium. Compared to IMMY CrAg LFA, the FungiXpert LFA demonstrated 99.1% sensitivity and 98.9% specificity in the qualitative test. In the 96 semi-quantitative CrAg assay results, 39 (40.6%) test titers of FungiXpert LFA were 1–2 dilutions higher than those of IMMY CrAg LFA. The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient of the Semi-quantitative results of CrAg titer tests via the two assays was 0.976. Similar to IMMY CrAg LFA, FungiXpert LFA showed cross-reactivity with Trichosporon asahii. Compared with the IMMY CrAg LFA, the FungiXpert LFA showed an equal, yet, excellent performance. However, it is important to note that these two assays have potential cross-reactivity to T. asahii when diagnosing patients. FungiXpert LFA is a rapid screening method for the effective and practical diagnosis and treatment of cryptococcosis.

Lay summary
The FungiXpert LFA was developed to diagnose fungal meningitis caused by Cryptococcus yeasts, by using serum or cerebrospinal fluid. It was compared to an existing lateral flow assay (LFA). The FungiXpert LFA performed well in qualitative and semi-quantitative tests.
Deep ASKAP EMU Survey of the GAMA23 field: properties of radio sources
Authors: Gürkan Gülay , Prandoni I , O’Brien A , Raja W , Marchetti L , Vaccari M , Driver S , Taylor E , Franzen T , Brown M J I , Shabala S , Andernach H , Hopkins A M , Norris R P , Leahy D , Bilicki M , Farajollahi H , Galvin T , Heald G , Koribalski B S , An T , Warhurst K 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
We present the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP) observations of the Galaxy and Mass Assembly (GAMA)-23h field. The survey was carried out at 887.5 MHz and covers an ∼83 square deg field. We imaged the calibrated visibility data, taken as part of the Evolutionary Mapping of Universe Early Science Programme, using the latest version of the ASKAPSoft pipeline. The final mosaic has an angular resolution of 10 arcsec and a central rms noise of around 38 $\mu$Jy beam−1. The derived radio source catalogue has 39 812 entries above a peak flux density threshold of 5σ. We searched for the radio source host galaxy counterparts using the GAMA spectroscopic (with an i-band magnitude limit of 19.2 mag) and multiwavelength catalogues that are available as part of the collaboration. We identified hosts with GAMA spectroscopic redshifts for 5934 radio sources. We describe the data reduction, imaging, and source identification process, and present the source counts. Thanks to the wide area covered by our survey, we obtain very robust counts down to 0.2 mJy. ASKAP’s exceptional survey speed, providing efficient, sensitive, and high-resolution mapping of large regions of the sky in conjunction with the multiwavelength data available for the GAMA23 field, allowed us to discover 63 giant radio galaxies. The data presented here demonstrate the excellent capabilities of ASKAP in the pre-SKA era.
68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT Scan as a Valuable Tool for Diagnosis and Staging of the Rare Entity of Tracheal Paragangliomas
Authors: Nelson Robert , Clemenshaw Michael , Elhelf Islam Ahmed Shehata 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Primary paraganglioma of the trachea is a rare differential among more common tracheal masses. Definitive diagnosis of tracheal masses is obtained via endoscopic biopsy. Utilization of 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT is valuable in the workup of these lesions as paragangliomas would have significantly higher radiotracer uptake compared with the more common squamous cell and adenoid cystic carcinomas. This is particularly important in tracheal paragangliomas, which are typically friable and hypervascular with higher risk of significant bleeding on biopsy. In addition, 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT can be used to evaluate for local invasion and metastatic disease as a 1-step imaging modality.
Exceptional Visualization of the Gallbladder on 68Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT Imaging
Authors: Solanki Ritanshu , Singh Harmandeep , Kumar Rajender 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are rare tumors associated with the overexpression of somatostatin receptors owing to their origin from neural crest cells. The somatostatin receptor–based molecular imaging of NETs with 68Ga-DOTANOC is extensively used to diagnose primary and metastatic disease with high diagnostic accuracy. Unlike conventional octreotide imaging, physiological gallbladder uptake is not seen on 68Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT imaging. The present case report exhibits the rare physiological 68Ga-DOTANOC uptake in the gall bladder and bile duct.
A Solitary Spinal Cord Metastasis From Lung Cancer Displayed on 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Tan Xiaoyue , He Li , Ren Jingyun , Zeng Baozhen , Jiang Lei 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Chest CT images were acquired in a 79-year-old man to evaluate a right lung mass revealed by chest radiography. The image findings suggested possible pulmonary malignancy. FDG PET/CT was performed for staging, which displayed not only a hypermetabolic mass in the upper lobe of right lung but also increased FDG uptake of the spinal cord at T11 to T12 level. A lesion corresponding to the hypermetabolic region of the spinal cord was revealed by MRI. The intramedullary spinal cord metastasis from lung squamous cell carcinoma was confirmed through the pathological examination after the spinal cord lesion was resected.
Does financial literacy improve financial behavior in emerging economies? Evidence from India
Authors: Lahiri Shreya , Biswas Shreya 
Published: March 2022

PurposeThe study aims to empirically analyze whether financial literacy can improve the financial behavior of individuals in the context of emerging markets like India.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use the nationally representative Financial Inclusion Insights survey conducted in India during 2018 for the analysis. The authors consider the financial literacy score based on the standard financial literacy quiz that includes understanding basic numeracy, interest rates, inflation and diversification concepts to study its effect on payment attitude, savings attitude and risk management behavior proxied by insurance uptake. Using an instrumental variable approach, the authors account for the possible endogeneity associated with the financial literacy variable.FindingsThe authors find that less than 9% of individuals have correctly answered questions capturing all four aspects of financial literacy. The analysis suggests that improvements in financial literacy scores indeed increases the likelihood of exhibiting superior financial behavior. The results are robust to alternative definitions of financial literacy, outcome variables and inclusion of additional controls. The authors find that financial literacy increases financial planning, and this, in turn, possibly improves financial behavior. The effects are prominent for those residing in the urban area and having confidence in their financial skills.Originality/valueThis is among the few studies that provide insights regarding how improvements in financial literacy can improve financial behavior in an emerging economy context. Moreover, this study highlights financial planning as a possible channel through which financial literacy affects financial behavior. Further, the heterogeneous effects based on the area of residence and own ability underscore the need for complementary policies.
Donald Duck: a narrative that embeds behavioral finance?
Authors: Kleine Jens , Peschke Thomas , Wuschick Anna 
Published: March 2022

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to prove that narratives can be a adequate foundation for human behavior in general and economic behavior in particular using the Donald Duck universe as an example.

Design/methodology/approach
By using a content analysis, the authors examine 208 stories of the Donald Duck universe to prove that economic behavior is already embedded in modern narratives of the 20th century.

Findings
This analysis shows that behavioral finance effects are identified in a total of 52.4% of the analyzed comics. This study furthermore distinguishes the main comic characters Donald Duck and Scrooge McDuck and finds that eight of the nine considered behavioral finance biases can be detected in both. The most striking effect for Donald Duck is overconfidence and for Uncle Scrooge loss aversion.

Social implications
Collectively, these comics provide potential exemplars for behavioral finance. Regardless of whether these comics depict human nature or merely reflect human behavior during that time, they inevitably contribute to the understanding that psychological and sociological influences determine behavior in addition to economic factors that can be used for academic teaching.

Originality/value
In summary, comics, such as the Donald Duck universe, are suitable narratives for behavioral finance.
The effect of gluten in adolescents and young adults with gastrointestinal symptoms: a blinded randomised cross‐over trial
Authors: Crawley Caecilie , Savino Nadia , Halby Cecilie , Sander Stine Dydensborg , Andersen Anne‐Marie Nybo , Arumugam Manimozhiyan , Murray Joseph , Christensen Robin , Husby Steffen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe popularity of the gluten‐free diet and sales of gluten‐free products have increased immensely.AimsTo investigate whether gluten induces gastrointestinal symptoms, measured by self‐reported questionnaires, as well as mental health symptoms in adolescents from a population‐based cohort.MethodsThe eligible participants (n = 273) were recruited from a population‐based cohort of 1266 adolescents and had at least four different gastrointestinal symptoms. Phase one (n = 54) was a run‐in phase where the participants lived gluten‐free for 2 weeks. If they improved they continued to phase 2 (n = 33), a blinded randomised cross‐over trial. Participants were blindly randomised either to start with 7 days of gluten, eating two granola bars containing 10 g of gluten or to 7 days on placebo, eating two granola bars without gluten, followed by the reverse and separated by a 7‐day washout period. The effects of the intervention on gastrointestinal symptoms and mental health symptoms were assessed.ResultsIn total, 54/273 participants entered the run‐in phase and 35 were eligible for randomization. A total of 33 were randomised and 32 completed the trial. The median age was 20.3 (IQR 19.2–20.9) and 32/33 participants were females. Compared with a placebo, gluten did not induce gastrointestinal symptoms. The difference in the average VAS was −0.01 (95% confidence interval −2.07 to 2.05). Nor did we find a difference in the outcomes measuring mental health.ConclusionCompared with placebo, adding gluten to the diet did not induce gastrointestinal symptoms or worsened mental health in adolescents recruited from a population‐based cohort. The trial registration number is NCT04639921.
Immediate implant placement with platelet rich fibrin as space filling material versus deproteinized bovine bone in maxillary premolars: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Elbrashy Ahmed , Osman Ahmed H. , Shawky Mohamed , Askar Niveen , Atef Mohamed 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundSeveral biomaterials have been suggested to augment the jumping gap during immediate implant placement.PurposeThe aim of this study was to compare the effect of xenograft or platelet derived growth factor (PRF) to graft the jumping gap in immediate implant placement in the maxillary premolar region.Materials and methodsTwenty patients underwent atraumatic extraction followed by immediate placement. The patients were equally divided into two groups. The first group received xenograft as a jumping gap filling material. The second group received PRF to graft the jumping gap. All patients received preoperative, immediate postoperative, and 6 months postoperative cone beam CT scan (CBCT). Implant stability quotient ISQ values were taken for the installed implants immediate postoperative and at 6 months.ResultsImplants receiving PRF as a jumping gap graft material demonstrated a significantly greater amount of crestal bone loss 1.85 ± 0.89 mm as compared to xenograft group 0.77 ± 0.32 mm (t = 3.52, p = 0.005). PRF group showed significantly greater reduction in buccopalatal direction 1.63 mm as compared to xenograft group 0.59 mm (t = 4014, p <0.001). ISQ values were similar immediately postoperative (t = 0.070, p = 0.945) while the ISQ values were significantly lower in PRF group as compared to xenograft graft at the six‐month interval (t = 0.248, p = 0.023).ConclusionThe use of xenograft material as a jumping gap filling material resulted in superior results compared to PRF with regards to crestal bone loss, buccolingual socket reduction, and ISQ values.