bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TRIPS and COVID-19 Vaccines: The New WTO TRIPS COVID-19 Waiver
Authors: Zuijdwijk Ton 
Published: November 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic (coronavirus disease, previously known as novel coronavirus 2019) and the inequality of access to COVID-19 vaccines generated a proposal for a waiver by the World Trade Organization (WTO) of broad sections of the Agreement on Trade-Related Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), on a time-limited basis. India and South Africa presented a proposal to that effect in October 2020. The text proposed was controversial, led to considerable debate in the TRIPS Council and eventually led to a lengthy stand-off in the TRIPS Council, from October 2020 until May 2021. The European Union and the United States were the principal (but not the only) WTO Members opposing this proposal. Following the transition from the Trump Administration to the Biden Administration, the United States changed its position on a possible TRIPS COVID-19 waiver (in May 2021) and declared its willingness to engage in text-based negotiations. That prompted India and South Africa, together with other co-sponsors, to produce a somewhat revised version of their earlier proposal. Shortly after the change in the US position, the European Union presented an alternative proposal for a WTO COVID-19 waiver, in June 2021. It was only in the period of December 2021 to March 2022 that serious negotiations on the text of a TRIPS COVID-19 waiver took off, initially in ‘high-level group’, consisting of India, South Africa, the European Union and the United States. The outcome of these negotiations was taken to the TRIPS Council and resulted eventually in the adoption of a TRIPS COVID-19 waiver decision by the WTO Ministerial Conference, in June 2022. This article tracks the different proposals for a TRIPS waiver through their various phases, in a broader WTO and TRIPS context. It also evaluates the contributions of the different proposals to the final text of the TRIPS COVID-19 waiver decision and arrives at some conclusions as to the merits and significance of the resulting waiver.
WTO, TRIPS, Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization, WTO Agreement, waiver
The Rapid Changing Tax Environment in the United Arab Emirates: The Position of Customs in This Evolution
Authors: Hussain Atia , Satardien Zain , Elkelish Walaa Wahid 
Published: November 2022

The tax environment of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) is continuously evolving. Over the past six years, we have seen the implementation of Excise Tax laws, Value Added Tax (VAT) laws and the recent introduction of Corporate Income Tax (CIT) laws, with effect in 2023. As such, companies operating in the UAE are, and have been confronted with a multitude of changes and challenges. This article argues that despite the implementation of indirect taxes, and the recent introduction of direct taxes consuming the attention of company operations, the significance of the primitive form of indirect tax in the UAE i.e., Customs, cannot be undermined. On the contrary, the article submits that Customs laws become more so important for companies in the UAE. In this context, this article posits that the customs value is considered as the basis for the assessment of customs duty, and VAT, and serves in certain cases as the value for the determination of the excise tax base (indirect taxes). The Customs laws play an important role for the import and liability of dutiable and excisable goods in the UAE, and can even have a last minute say in whether the importer’s transfer price is at arm’s length for customs duty purposes. Also, the recent progressive steps taken by the UAE government in the form of ratifying Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) each with India and Indonesia, and with likely more to come, underscores the importance of Customs visà- vis global trade in the UAE market. This article also addresses the practical challenges faced by the businesses in the UAE pertaining to Customs/global trade issues and proposes some suggestions to mitigate these issues.
Tax, Customs, United Arab Emirates, Challenges, Indirect tax, UAE businesses
Discipling Export Prohibitions and Restrictions to Promote Food Security
Authors: McMahon Joseph A. 
Published: November 2022

The war in the Ukraine has led to the introduction of a number of export prohibitions and restrictions on agricultural products leading to problems of food security in a number of countries – another food crisis. The rules of World Trade Organization (WTO) in this area are laid down in Article XI.2(a) of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and Article 12 of the Agreement on Agriculture (AoA) and the law and practice of these rules are examined before addressing the negotiations for new rules on agriculture in the Doha negotiations. These negotiations have not resulted in new rules in this area and with their demise the focus has shifted to bespoke decisions reached at Ministerial Conferences, such as those on Export Quotas and Export Subsidies. The latest (twelfth) Ministerial Conference reached a Decision on the Emergency Response to Food Insecurity but this Decision has not led to changes in the rules on export prohibitions and restrictions but there is the promise that such a Decision could be reached at the thirteenth Ministerial Conference. This article suggests a Decision on Export Prohibitions and Restrictions to promote greater food security in response to the current and future food crises.
WTO, agricultural export prohibitions and restrictions, food insecurity, Ministerial Conference
Import VAT Is Not Part of the Customs Debt
Authors: Fruscione Alessandro 
Published: November 2022

The Court of Justice of the European Union, with the ruling of 12 May 2022 rendered in case C-714/20, affirmed two important principles: first of all, the Court held that Article 77 (3) of the Union Customs Code must be interpreted as meaning that, on the basis of that provision alone, the indirect customs representative is only liable for the duties due on goods which he has declared to customs, while not being also liable for the value added tax for import of the same goods; moreover, this representative, pursuant to Article 201 of the Council Directive 2006/112/EC - the European Community -, pertaining to the common system of value added tax, cannot be held liable for the payment of the value added tax on imports, jointly and severally with the importer, in the absence of national provisions that designate or recognize him or her, explicitly and unambiguously, as the payer of this tax.
The legal question submitted to the Court of Justice has a long history.
Already during the validity of the Community Customs Code, repealed from 1 May 2016, several customs administrations of the Member States of the European Union (including Italy) used to, in case of revision of the import customs declaration from which resulted in a greater duty and VAT (Value Added Tax) debt, notify an assessment notice both to the importer and to his/her indirect customs representative, jointly and severally, to recover both taxes.
This is a consequence that derived, under the Community Code, from Article 201, paragraph 3, and, in the Union Code, from the express provision of Article 77, paragraph 3: both provisions, in identifying the figure of the debtor of the customs duties, state it is the ‘declarant’, while ‘In the event of indirect representation, the person on whose behalf the customs declaration is made shall also be a debtor’.
However, this approach has been the subject of numerous disputes, fundamentally based on the consideration that the reference to Article 77 of the Union Customs Code (and, before that, Article 201 of the Community Customs Code) did not appear relevant to justify the recovery of VAT. The Court of Justice has now clarified the meaning of these provisions.
Importer, representation, declaration, solidarity, person, territory, obligations, duties, value added tax
Historia deportiva personal y familiar, la influencia de la escuela y la elección de la Carrera de Educación Física en los ingresantes a la UNLaM 2020/21
Authors: Castro Hernán , Tuñon Ianina , Lavignolle Brígida 
Published: November 2022

El propósito de esta investigación fue lograr una aproximación al perfil psicosocial y deportivo de los ingresantes al profesorado universitario de Educación Física. A partir de un enfoque cualitativo y bajo un diseño exploratorio se indagó sobre la historia deportiva, las vivencias relacionadas a la educación física escolar y las percepciones sobre la carrera elegida.
Se realizaron 28 entrevistas en profundidad a alumnos/as que realizaron el curso de ingreso a la carrera de Educación Física de la Universidad Nacional de La Matanza durante el 2020. A partir de las mismas se pudieron reconocer una frecuente historia deportiva, tanto personal como familiar, y vivencias escolares heterogéneas en relación al espacio curricular de la educación física y a los docentes responsables del mismo.
Queda clara la influencia que tiene el entorno social en la construcción de la vocación profesional y la importancia de fortalecer dichos contextos como también de optimizar los procesos de formación académica.
Narrative Review: Quintuple Helixs Model for Malaria Elimination in Indonesia
Authors: Witsqa Firmansyah Yura , Ramadhansyah Muhammad Fadli , Fuadi Mirza Fathan , Widyantoro Wahyu , Rana Rizqullah Devin Ahnaf , Priyono Putro Ahlun Najaa Nazzun , Nurhidayati Siti , Lestyorini Henny , Istining Rahayu Wahyu , Chodir Abdul , Arsyad Gusman , Rafika  , Zulkarnain Oryza Filial , Suwanti Tri 
Published: November 2022

Malaria continues to impact the health and economies of people around the world. Further steps need to be taken in accordance with the Global Technical Strategy for malaria to prevent malaria transmission. Quintuple helix model is an integrated effort that involves cross-sector in controlling malaria cases in an area. The implementation of the quintuple helix model is expected to be used as consideration and input for policy makers in an effort to achieve malaria elimination in Indonesia by 2030. The purpose of this study is to eliminate malaria in Indonesia with the quintuple helix model. This study uses a systematic review narrative method that is used to identify study topics selectively on interesting and recent issues. Malaria control in Indonesia is carried out using the national resilience approach. The results obtained from the academic aspect for malaria control must be met, both in terms of educational background qualifications, from the industrial aspect of the economic system included in the quintuple helix model, from the government aspect the control program must be compiled under the Ministry of Health, from the media aspect where the media is one of the an important index in the management of malaria in an area, and from an environmental aspect that aims to prevent, limit vector breeding and reduce mosquito contact with humans. The quintuple helix model is expected to be an innovation in malaria control in Indonesia. By involving academia and social community, industry, government, environmental engineering and the media. It is hoped that each sector can provide roles that are in accordance with their duties and functions
Hubungan Penggunaan Media Sosial dengan Interaksi Sosial pada Remaja di SMK Bhinneka Karya Simo Boyolali
Authors: Suyatno  , Nur Hakim Ilham , Purwaningsih Heni 
Published: November 2022

Latar belakang : Berdasarkan hasil wawancara secara acak di SMK Bhinneka Karya Simo Boyolali. didapatkan seluruh 20 siswi menggunakan handphone dan media sosial. selain itu, 15 dari 20 siswi mengikuti kegiatan yang diadakan oleh masyarakat dan ada 10 diantaranya hanya aktif perbulan, 5 lainnya aktif kerja bakti dan terdapat 5 siswi tidak aktif di kegiatan masyarakat. Selain itu, juga terdapat data bahwa seluruh siswi mengaku sering tidak segera mengerjakan tugasnya dan memilih untuk mengupdate statusnya di media sosial. Tujuan : Mengetahui hubungan penggunaan media sosial dengan interaksi sosial Metode : Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan cross sectional dengan populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas 11 SMK Bhinneka Karya Simo yaitu berjumlah 34 orang dengan tehnik sampling total sampling. Analisis menggunakan uji Pearson. Hasil : hasil penelitian didapatkan 2.9% siswa laki-laki dan 97.1% siswa perempuan, umur responden sebagian besar 16 tahun sebanyak 82.4%, lama penggunaan media sosial siswa antara 10 jam yaitu sebanyak 41.2%. Hasil uji Pearson dengan didapatkan nilai p value sebesar 0.541 > dari 0.05 Simpulan : Tidak terdapat hubungan signifikan antara penggunaan media sosial dengan interaksi sosial pada remaja di SMK Bhinneka Karya Simo
Analisis Kondisi Lingkungan Rumah Dengan Kejadian Tuberkulosis Paru di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Betung Kabupaten OKU Timur Tahun 2022
Authors: Septidwina Monita , Rawalillah Hamyatri , Rosalina Santi , Sari Murni Nani 
Published: November 2022

Tuberkulosis Paru masih menjadi penyakit menular yang menjadi pembunuh teratas di dunia. Puskesmas Betung Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu (OKU) Timur Propinsi Sumatera Selatan memiliki penderita Tuberkulosis (TB) Paru sebanyak 31 kasus pada tahun 2021. Penelitian ini bertujuan diketahuinya hubungan kondisi lingkungan rumah terhadap kejadian TB Paru di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Betung Kabupaten OKU Timur. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada tanggal 25 April s.d 25 Juni 2022. Desain penelitian menggunakan case control. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh penderita TB Paru yakni sejumlah 31 responden sebagai kasus, dan 32 responden sebagai kontrol. Uji statistik menggunakan uji chi square. Hasil penelitian menunjukan terdapat hubungan pencahayaan (nilai p 0,004), ventilasi (nilai p 0,000) dan jenis lantai (nilai p 0,022) dengan kejadian TB Paru, namun tidak terdapat hubungan kepadatan hunian rumah dengan kejadian TB Paru (nilai p 0,068). Simpulan dalam penelitian ini adalah terdapat hubungan antara pencahayaan, ventilasi, jenis lantai dengan kejadian Tuberkulosis Paru, namun tidak ada hubungan kepadatan hunian rumah dengan kejadian Tuberkulosis Paru. Berdasarkan simpulan maka peneliti menyarankan agar penderita TB Paru agar lebih memperhatikan kesehatan lingkungan rumah sehingga dalam kondisi lingkungan rumah yang sehat dan meminimalisasi penularan serta mempercepat penyembuhan penderita.
A formação de professores de língua estrangeira em tempos multiculturais
Authors: Dos Santos França Simone 
Published: November 2022

O objetivo deste artigo é discutir a formação de professores de língua estrangeira e de que forma suas identidades podem ser compreendidas atualmente, a partir da seguinte questões: como se constituiu o percurso histórico da formação de professores? Como pode-se compreender a identidade (profissional) do docente de língua estrangeira? visto que a língua não se compõe apenas de suas estruturas gramaticais, ela ultrapassa as fronteiras sociais e acompanha a política, assim como, a evolução histórica do mundo. Para tanto, utiliza-se as noções de identidades a partir de Hall (2005); Maffesoli (2000) e de Bauman (2005) ao explicar que as identidades surgiram com a “crise do pertencimento” entre o “deve” e o “é”; assim como a formação de professores pelo viés da Linguística Aplicada. Busca-se explicitar de forma concisa uma descrição histórica do caminhar educacional brasileiro no que se refere as línguas estrangeiras, construído a partir de pesquisa bibliográfica. Neste caso, entende-se, que o estudo sistemático e profundo desses elementos proporcionam subsídios para compreender, e discutir a constituição de suas identidades em tempos multiculturais.
Racismo de Estado e educação: apontamentos sobre o novo Ensino Médio
Authors: Cristine dos Santos Bengio Fernanda , Dos Santos Bandeira Daniela , Ribeiro de Santana André 
Published: November 2022

Neste texto partimos da concepção da educação como exercício do Biopoder, objetivando interrogar a relação entre Racismo de Estado e determinados acontecimentos da política educacional, a fim de tecer algumas considerações acerca do Novo Ensino Médio. A partir da arqueogenealogia foram traçadas algumas reflexões acerca do Novo Ensino Médio e o ensino profissionalizante, por meio da análise de relações de saber e poder, conforme propõe Michel Foucault. De tal maneira, compreendemos que a educação brasileira é atravessada por práticas pautadas no racismo de Estado, o qual aciona a norma como dispositivo de produção de subjetividades, no âmbito do Biopoder. Notamos ainda que a prática educativa brasileira é permeada por discursos higienistas, desde pelo menos o fim do século XIX, que ao buscarem impor uma ortopedia social à população, encontraram legitimidade nos discursos cientificistas racistas dos séculos XIX e XX. Esses aspectos têm sido atualizados no debate recente sobre o Novo Ensino Médio e o ensino profissionalizante, mediante a consolidação de práticas discursivas a-históricas e naturalizadoras das desigualdades sociais em um cenário de ampla disparidade entre a escola pública e a escola privada no Brasil, na implementação do Novo Ensino Médio.
Editorial
Authors: Duarte Vaz Telma Romilda , Braz Ribeiral Tatiana , Da Silva Ferreira Aldenor 
Published: November 2022

A Revista “Perspectivas em Diálogo: Revista de Educação e Sociedade” (PDRES), dos cursos de Pedagogia e Ciências Sociais da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS)-Campus de Naviraí (CPNV), encerra o ano de 2022 com o Dossiê temático “Lutas e Resistências em Michel Foucault”, homenagem ao filósofo, filólogo, historiador, crítico literário, teórico social e professor Michel Foucault (1926-1984), ao legado de seu pensamento e às duradouras sementes de resistência que permanecem frutíferas, conclamando-nos ao debate.
Michel Foucault nos possibilita refletir e indagar sobre diferentes processos e mecanismos de assujeitamento, sobre possibilidades que resgatam o sentido do cuidado de si e formas de resistências em um momento político histórico no Brasil. Com a eleição de 2022, que consagra a vitória do presidente Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva e resgata a esperança em meio às constantes ameaças à democracia, orientadas pela extrema direita, encampadas e difundidas pela elite ultraconservadora, este dossiê é, por si só, uma forma de resistência.
A proposta do dossiê é fazer esse enfrentamento com toda a potência revolucionária presente em Foucault, o filósofo que pensa o poder, o saber e o discurso, o pensador da biopolítica, da luta e da resistência que nos oferece caminhos possíveis a partir das ideias de liberdade, de contracondutas e do cuidado de si como formas de resistência. Foucault nos inspira nas mais diversas áreas do conhecimento conforme podemos conferir nos quinze artigos deste dossiê, manuscritos que discutem os dispositivos de poder em Michel Foucault, a partir de diferentes olhares e perspectivas.
Os textos aqui apresentados são marcados, especialmente, pela produção de Foucault em seus estudos sobre o biopoder, pelo conceitos de governamentalidade, cuidados de si, corpo e corporeidade, buscando interlocuções com problemáticas contemporâneas que perpassam por questões de gênero, racismo, arte e educação.
Principio de proporcionalidad y su aplicación en las sanciones administrativas ante labores de minería ilegal en la provincia de Zamora Chinchipe.
Authors: Briceño Martínez Carlos Guido , Vásquez Martínez David Sebastián , Ormaza Ávila Diego Adrián 
Published: November 2022

Por medio del estudio comparativo de casos concretos contenidos en las resoluciones administrativas emitidas por la ARCERNNR de la Regional Zamora Chinchipe (resolución N°030-ARCOM-Z-CR-2013; resolución N°032-ARCOM-Z-CR-2013, resolución N°036-ARCOM-Z-CR-2013, resolución 001 ARCERNNR-DDZ-2020-A), se determinó que la escala sancionatoria impuestas, no se adecua a ningún criterio jurídico de proporcionalidad. Se logró determinar de forma categórica, que en la legislación ecuatoriana no se ha desarrollado la normativa legal suficiente para garantizar la debida aplicación del principio de proporcionalidad, respecto de las sanciones administrativas impuestas a los infractores que incurren en la actividad de la minería ilegal. El enfoque de la investigación es de tipo cualitativa, por medio del método científico se sistematizó el desarrollo de los contenidos expuestos, con el apoyo de método lógicos inducción-deducción, analítico-sintético, se obtuvieron premisas e inferencias lógicas que permiten verificar los objetivos propuestos.
Aspek Klinis Hiperurisemia
Authors: Anggraini Debie 
Published: November 2022

Hiperurisemia disebabkan oleh dua faktor utama yaitu meningkatnya produksi asam urat dalam tubuh, hal ini disebabkan karena sintesis atau pembentukan asam urat yang berlebihan. Penyebab asam urat ada dua macam, yang menyebabkan penyakit asam urat primer dan penyakit asam urat sekunder. Kadar asam urat dalam serum merupakan hasil keseimbangan antara produksi dan sekresi. Dan ketika terjadi ketidak seimbangan dua proses tersebut maka terjadi keadaan hiperurisemia, yang menimbulkan hipersaturasi asam urat yaitu kelarutan asam urat di serum yang telah melewati ambang batasnya, sehingga merangsang timbunan urat dalam bentuk garamnya terutama monosodium urat di berbagai tempat atau jaringan. Keadaan hiperurisemia dapat menimbulkan dampak klinis timbulnya arthritis gout, nefropati gout, atau batu ginjal dan juga diperkuat oleh komorbiditas yang ditimbulkan berupa penyakit ginjal kronik, penyakit kardiovaskuler dan diabetes. Dapat terjadi akibat peningkatan metabolisme asam urat (overproduction) karena diet tinggi purin, penurunan ekskresi asam urat urin (underexcretion) karena pemecahaan asam nukleat yang berlebihan, atau gabungan keduanya.
Hubungan Pengetahuan Masyarakat Terhadap Pemakaian Antibiotika yang Rasional di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Gunung Kota Padang Panjang
Authors: Desnita Eka 
Published: November 2022

Pendahuluan: Telah dilakukan pengabdian masyarakat didaerah Padang Panjang dimana banyak terdapat masyarakat yang berpendidikan menengah kebawah, sehingga terdapat masalah kurangnya pengetahuan masyarakat di bidang kesehatan. Oleh karena itu, tujuan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat adalah untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat Padang Panjang KK miskin mengenai pemakaian obat-obatan khususnya antibiotika, sehingga mengurangi angka resistensi terhadap antibiotika. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat tingkat pengetahuanmasyarakat dalam pencegahan resistensi di wilayah Padang Panjang. Metoda: Jenis penelitian ini bersifat survei analitik dengan desain penelitian menggunakan cross sectional study. Hasil: Hasil penelitian tingkat pengetahuan masyarakat adalah tinggi, dengan persentase 66.7%,sedangkan pencegahan resistensi adalah kurang baik dengan persentase 56.7%. Hasil uji statistic diperoleh nilai p = 0.602. Kesimpulan: Tidak ada hubungan yang bermakna antara tingkat pengetahuan masyarakat terhadap pemakaian antibiotika yang rasional di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Gunung Kota Padang Panjang tahun 2022. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan informasi tentang pentingnya menggunakan obat antibiotika yang baikdan benar.