bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Nonfield Analytical Method for Solving Some Nonlinear Problems in Heat Transfer
Authors: Kulish Vladimir , Sláma Pavel 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This paper presents an extension of the nonfield analytical method—known as the method of Kulish—to some nonlinear problems in heat transfer. In view of the fact that solving nonlinear problems is very complicated in general, the extension of the method is presented in the form of several important illustrative examples. Two classes of problems are considered: first are the problems, in which the heat equation contains nonlinear terms, while the second type of problems includes some problems with nonlinear boundary conditions. From the practical viewpoint, the case considering asymptotic solutions is of the greatest interest: it is shown that, for complex heat transfer problems, where applications of the nonfield method are practically impossible due to a large volume of necessary computations, it is still possible to analyze the solution behavior and automatically determine similarity criteria for the limiting values of the parameters. Wherever possible the obtained solutions are compared with known solutions obtained by other methods. The practical advantages of the nonfield method over other analytical methods are emphasized in each case.
Finite Amplitude Cellular Thermohaline Convection
Authors: Rawoof Sayeed M. A. , Rameshwar Y. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this paper, linear and nonlinear properties of thermohaline convection at the onset with the stress-free boundary conditions are investigated using perturbation analysis relevant to oceanic water and ground water. The nonlinear governing equations are expanded using linear stability solutions, related to the temperature, motion, and concentration in the series of nonhomogeneous linear equations. The proposed method yields finite amplitude steady solutions by means of successive approximations. The rate of heat transfer is studied up to sixth-order using an expansion of thermal Rayleigh number (Ra1) as proposed by Kuo (1961, “Solution of the Non-Linear Equations of the Cellular Convection and Heat Transport,” J. Fluid Mech., 10(04), pp. 611–630). The heat transfer rate of the system depends on Lewis number, Prandtl number, and thermal (Ra1) as well as solutal (Ra2) Rayleigh number. The result for the heat transport (N) in the system fits a power law of exponent of 0.288, i.e., N≃(Ra1/Ra1o)0.288 for Ra2=0, Pr = 10 and Ra1&gt;4Ra1o. This power law of exponent value of 0.288 is close to the results (0.25) obtained by Kuo (1961, “Solution of the Non-Linear Equations of the Cellular Convection and Heat Transport,” J. Fluid Mech., 10(04), pp. 611–630), and also to the experimental results for laminar convection by Jakob (1949, Heat Transfer, Vol. 1, Wiley, New York.). The characteristics of heat transfer and flow field results are depicted by means of isotherms and streamlines, respectively. The path of convective heat transport and the comprehensive analysis of energy distribution by means of heatlines are explained using the concept of heat function. Laminar natural convection using entropy generation analysis due to fluid friction and heat transfer is also being studied. The numerical simulation for total entropy generation has been carried out for Prandtl numbers pertaining to ground water for different Ra1 and Ra2.
Analysis-Based Key Components Selection of Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage System Along With Active Heat Transfer Enhancement
Authors: Agrawal Abhishek , Rakshit Dibakar 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Energy storage is an effective approach to bridging the gap between energy supply and demand created due to the sporadic nature of solar energy. Thermal performance enhancement is a key research subject for effective energy storage using latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) systems. This paper focuses on the analysis-based design of suitable LHTES system components for solar absorption-based cooling applications with a working temperature of up to 200 °C. Initially, the medium-temperature range (80 °C to 200 °C) phase change material (PCM) is selected using the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). Further, a suitable heat transfer fluid (HTF) is selected along with the design of a geometrical assessment and an appropriate LHTES system. Finally, the effect of the stirrer on the thermal performance of the LHTES system has been discussed. The melting time of PCM reduces by 58% while input energy increases by 20 kJ with an increase in HTF inlet temperature from 180 °C to 190 °C. However, input energy increases faster with a further increase in HTF inlet temperature while melt time does not reduce significantly. Therefore, selecting optimum HTF inlet temperature is an important criterion for efficient LHTES system design. Implanting a rotating stirrer at 200 RPM inside a PCM tube decreases the net-input energy by 73 kJ. Using back-of-the-envelope calculations, the analysis-based selection of key components of the LHTES system will pave the way forward to designing an application-specific LHTES system. Further, this study can be instrumental in theoretically scrutinizing the stirring effect on PCM charging before experimental analysis.
Paleoproterozoic geology of SW Montana: Implications for the paleogeography of the Wyoming craton and for the consolidation of Laurentia
Authors: Harms* Tekla A. , Baldwin* Julia A. 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
The Montana metasedimentary terrane (MMT) forms the NW margin of the Wyoming Province in present coordinates. The MMT preserves a multistage Paleoproterozoic tectonic history that clarifies the position of the Wyoming craton during assembly and breakup of the Precambrian Kenorland supercontinent and the subsequent assembly of Laurentia’s Precambrian basement. In SW Montana, burial, metamorphism, deformation, and partial melting attributed to orogeny were superimposed on Archean quartzofeldspathic orthogneisses and paragneisses at ca. 2.55 and ca. 2.45 Ga during the Tendoy and Beaverhead orogenies, respectively. Subsequent stability was disrupted at 2.06 Ga, when probable rift-related mafic dikes and sills intruded the older gneisses. The MMT was profoundly reworked by tectonism again as a consequence of the ca. 1.8–1.7 Ga Big Sky orogeny, during which juvenile metasupracrustal suites characteristic of an arc (the Little Belt arc) and back-arc basin collapsed against the Wyoming craton continental margin. The northern margin of the Wyoming craton occupied an upper-plate position south of a south-dipping subduction zone at that time.
Lithostratigraphic correlations link the southeastern Wyoming and southern Superior cratons at ca. 2.45 Ga with the Wyoming craton joined to the Kenorland supercontinent in an inverted position relative to present coordinates. This places the MMT along an open supercontinental margin, in a position permissive of collision or accretion and orogeny during a time when other parts of Kenorland were experiencing mafic volcanism and incipient rifting. The ca. 2.45 Ga Beaverhead orogeny in the MMT was most likely the consequence of collision with one of the Rae family of cratons, which share a history of tectonism at this time. The Beaverhead collision enveloped the Wyoming craton in a larger continental landmass and led to the 2.45–2.06 Ga period of tectonic quiescence in the MMT. Breakup of Kenorland occurred ca. 2.2–2.0 Ga. In the MMT, this is expressed by the 2.06 Ga mafic dikes and sills that crosscut older gneisses. The Wyoming craton would have been an island continent within the Manikewan Ocean after rifting from Kenorland on one side and from the Rae family craton on the MMT side. Subduction beneath the MMT in the Wyoming craton started no later than 1.87 Ga and was active until 1.79 Ga. This opened a back-arc basin and created the Little Belt arc to the north of the craton, contributed to the demise of the Manikewan Ocean, and culminated in collision along the Big Sky orogen starting ca. 1.78 Ga. Collision across the Trans-Hudson orogen in Canada occurred during a slightly earlier period. Thus, docking of the Wyoming craton reflects the final stage in the closure of the Manikewan Ocean and the amalgamation of the Archean cratons of Laurentia.
Type Specimens of Carrion or Meat Blue Flies (Diptera, Calliphoridae s. l.) in the Collection of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg. I
Authors: Nartshuk E. P. , Paramonov N. M. , Suleymanova T. A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A catalogue of the type specimens (holotypes, paratypes, and syntypes) of the species of the family Calliphoridae (Diptera) described by Th. Becker, B.B. Rohdendorf, H. Schumann, L.N. Khitzova, and K. Rognes and deposited in the collection of the Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia is presented. Photographs of the specimens and labels of the holotypes and syntypes are given.
Prevalence of achlorhydria in an Asian population detected using Congo red staining during routine gastroscopy: 22 years’ experience from a single centre
Authors: Phaosawasdi Kamthorn , Sritunyarat Yingluk , Lopimpisuth Chawin , Nalinthassanai Nutbordee , Vorasettakarnkij Yongkasem , Kongkam Pradermchai 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveWe aimed to study the prevalence of achlorhydria (AC) in a large Asian population.DesignMedical records of patients who underwent oesophagogastroduodenoscopy (OGD) with Congo red staining method at the Vichaiyut Hospital from January 2010 to December 2019 were retrospectively reviewed.ResultsA total of 3597 patients was recruited; 223 were excluded due to concurrent use of proton pump inhibitors. Eighteen from 3374 patients (0.53%) had AC. Seven patients were presented with permanent AC (5F, 2M) (median age=69 years; range 58–92). Among 11 patients with temporary AC (5M, 6F: mean age 73.4 years; SD 13.2 years), all had gastrointestinalHelicobacter pyloribacterial infection and were over 45 years old. After successful treatment forH. pylori, AC was absent among patients with temporary AC. If counting only patients over 45 years of age, the prevalence of AC was 0.68% (18/2614). No adverse events arising from Congo red occurred.ConclusionAC is relatively rare. Permanent and temporary AC were found only when they were over 55 and 45 years old, respectively. Staining Congo red on gastric mucosa can be safely and routinely incorporated into the OGD procedure for early detection of AC. We recommended a low-cost screening test such as serum vitamin B levels for screening only in patients aged 50 and over.
The quality of veterinary medicines and their implications for One Health
Authors: Vidhamaly Vayouly , Bellingham Konnie , Newton Paul N , Caillet Céline 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveSubstandard and falsified (SF) veterinary medicines affect animal health, agricultural production and food security and will influence antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in both animals and humans. Yet, our understanding of their extent and impact is poor. We assess the available public domain evidence on the epidemiology of SF veterinary medicines, to better understand their prevalence and distribution and their public health impact on animals and humans.MethodsSearches were conducted in Embase, PubMed, MEDLINE, Global Health, Web of Science, CAB Abstracts, Scopus, Google Scholar, Google and websites with interest in veterinary medicines quality up to 28 February 2021. Identified articles in English and French were screened for eligibility. The Medicine Quality Assessment Reporting Guidelines were used to assess the quality of prevalence surveys.ResultsThree hundred and fourteen publications were included with a failure frequency (the percentage of samples that failed at least one quality test) of 6.5% (2335/35 733). The majority of samples were from post-marketing surveillance by medicines regulatory authorities of the Republic of Korea and China. A small proportion (3.5%) of samples, all anti-infectives, were from 20 prevalence surveys, with more than half (53.1%, 662/1246) collected in low-income and lower middle-income countries in Africa and Asia. The prevalence survey sample size ranged from 4 to 310 samples (median (Q1–Q3): 50 (27–80)); 55.0% of surveys used convenience outlet sampling methods. In 20 prevalence surveys more than half of the samples (52.0%, 648/1246) failed at least one quality test. The most common defects reported were out-of-specification active pharmaceutical ingredient(s) (API) content, failure of uniformity of units and disintegration tests. Almost half of samples (49.7%, 239/481) that failed API content tests contained at least one of the stated APIs below pharmacopoeial limits. Fifty-two samples (4.2% of all samples) contained one or more incorrect API. One hundred and twenty-three publications described incidents (recalls/seizures/case reports) of SF veterinary medicines in 29 countries.ConclusionThe data suggest that SF veterinary products are likely to be a serious animal and public health problem that has received limited attention. However, few studies of SF veterinary medicines are available and are geographically restricted. Lower API content and disintegration/dissolution than recommended by pharmacopoeial standards risks treatment failure, animal suffering and contribute to AMR. Our findings highlight the need of more research, with robust methodology, to better inform policy and implement measures to assure the quality of veterinary medicines within supply chains. The mechanism and impact of SF veterinary products on animal and human health, agricultural production, their economy and AMR need more transdisciplinary research.
Cost-effectiveness of a dietary and physical activity intervention in adolescents: a prototype modelling study based on the Engaging Adolescents in Changing Behaviour (EACH-B) programme
Authors: Kalita Neelam , Cooper Keith , Baird Janis , Woods-Townsend Kathryn , Godfrey Keith , Cooper Cyrus , Inskip Hazel , Barker Mary , Lord Joanne 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveTo assess costs, health outcomes and cost-effectiveness of interventions that aim to improve quality of diet and level of physical activity in adolescents.DesignA Markov model was developed to assess four potential benefits of healthy behaviour for adolescents: better mental health (episodes of depression and generalised anxiety disorder), higher earnings and reduced incidence of type 2 diabetes and adverse pregnancy outcomes (in terms of preterm delivery). The model parameters were informed by published literature. The analysis took a societal perspective over a 20-year period. One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses for 10 000 simulations were conducted.ParticipantsA hypothetical cohort of 100 adolescents with a mean age of 13 years.InterventionsAn exemplar school-based, multicomponent intervention that was developed by the Engaging Adolescents for Changing Behaviour programme, compared with usual schooling.Outcome measureIncremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) as measured by cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained.ResultsThe exemplar dietary and physical activity intervention was associated with an incremental cost of £123 per adolescent and better health outcomes with a mean QALY gain of 0.0085 compared with usual schooling, resulting in an ICER of £14 367 per QALY. The key model drivers are the intervention effect on levels of physical activity, quality-of-life gain for high levels of physical activity, the duration of the intervention effects and the period over which effects wane.ConclusionsThe results suggested that such an intervention has the potential to offer a cost-effective use of healthcare-resources for adolescents in the UK at a willingness-to-pay threshold of £20 000 per QALY. The model focused on short-term to medium-term benefits of healthy eating and physical activity exploiting the strong evidence base that exists for this age group. Other benefits in later life, such as reduced cardiovascular risk, are more sensitive to assumptions about the persistence of behavioural change and discounting.Trail registration numberISRCTN74109264.
Predictors of burnout among US healthcare providers: a systematic review
Authors: Meredith Lisa S , Bouskill Kathryn , Chang Joan , Larkin Jody , Motala Aneesa , Hempel Susanne 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveOne potential barrier to optimal healthcare may be provider burnout or occupational-related stress in the workplace. The objective of this study is to conduct a systematic review to identify the predictors of burnout among US. healthcare providers.DesignSystematic review using in-depth critical appraisal to assess risk of bias and present the quality of evidence in synthesised results from the prognostic studies.Data sourcesWe searched 11 databases, registries, existing reviews and contacted experts through 4 October 2021.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesWe included all studies evaluating potential predictors and documenting the presence and absence of associations with burnout assessed as a multidimensional construct. We excluded studies that relied solely on a single continuous subscale of burnout. Data were abstracted from eligible studies and checked for accuracy by a content expert and a methodologist.Data extraction and synthesisTwo reviewers independently screened citations and full-text publications using predetermined eligibility criteria.ResultsThe 141 identified studies evaluated a range of burnout predictors. Findings for demographic characteristics were conflicting or show no association. Workplace factors, such as workload, work/life balance, job autonomy and perceived support from leadership, had stronger associations with risk for burnout. Mental health factors, such as anxiety, and physical health risks may increase the risk, although the direction of these associations is unclear as few prospective studies exist to address this question. Factors such as social support appear to have a protective effect.ConclusionWe found the most evidence for workplace, mental health and psychosocial factors in predicting burnout but limited evidence for other potential predictors. However, more prospective studies are needed to improve our understanding about how to prevent provider burnout.PROSPERO registration numberCRD4202014836.
Long-term effectiveness of rehabilitation services delivery for Wenchuan earthquake survivors with impairments over a 4-year period: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Reinhardt Jan , Zhang Xia , Chen Shi , Li Jianan , Zhou Mouwang , Khan Fary 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveTo examine long-term effectiveness of rehabilitation services on physical function, pain severity and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in earthquake survivors over a 4-year period.DesignProspective cohort study with early and late intervention and geographical control group.SettingThree counties of Sichuan Province, China.Participants591 survivors of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake were followed-up over a 4-year period ranging from 2008 to 2012.InterventionsIn Mianzhu county, a comprehensive hospital-based and community-based rehabilitation programme was implemented in September 2008; in Anxian county, the same programme was implemented 1 year later; in Shifang county, the programme was not implemented and survivors from this county served as a control group.OutcomesPhysical function was measured using Modified Barthel Index (MBI), pain severity with Visual Analogue Scale and PTSD with the PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version. All outcomes were assessed at three time points (baseline from 2008 to 2009, 2010 and 2012) and analysed with mixed effects regression.Results400 patients completed all assessments. In all groups, physical function and pain severity improved over time. MBI improvement per month as compared with control was greater in the late rehabilitation (b=1.69, 95% CI 1.20 to 2.19) than the early rehabilitation group (b=0.96, 95% CI 0.68 to 1.24). This rehabilitation effect was however marginally decreasing over time. Superior improvement as compared with control with regard to pain was only found in the early rehabilitation group (b=−0.05, 95% CI −0.09 to −0.02). PTSD symptoms decreased over time, but the observed differences could not be specifically linked to the rehabilitation intervention.ConclusionPhysical rehabilitation of earthquake survivors appears to be effective in improving physical function and, if delivered early, pain. Effects on mental health are less clear and need further examination using more consistent and frequent assessments of relevant outcomes and determinants.
Live well, die well – an international cohort study on experiences, concerns and preferences of patients in the last phase of life: the research protocol of the iLIVE study
Authors: Yildiz Berivan , Allan Simon , Bakan Misa , Barnestein-Fonseca Pilar , Berger Michael , Boughey Mark , Christen Andri , De Simone Gustavo G , Egloff Martina , Ellershaw John , Elsten Eline E C M , Eychmüller Steffen , Fischer Claudia , Fürst Carl Johan , Geijteman Eric C T , Goldraij Gabriel , Goossensen Anne , Halfdanardottir Svandis Iris , Haugen Dagny Faksvåg , Hedman Christel , Hoppe Tanja , Hughes Rosemary , Iversen Grethe Skorpen , Joshi Melanie , Kodba-Ceh Hana , Korfage Ida J , Lunder Urska , Lüthi Nora , Martín-Roselló Maria Luisa , Mason Stephen , McGlinchey Tamsin , Montilla Silvi , Rasmussen Birgit H , Ruiz-Torreras Inmaculada , Schelin Maria E C , Sigurdardottir Katrin Ruth , Sigurdardottir Valgerdur , Simon Judit , Smeding Ruthmarijke , Solvåg Kjersti , Strupp Julia , Tripodoro Vilma , van der Kuy Hugo M , van der Rijt Carin C D , van Zuylen Lia , Veloso Verónica I , Vibora-Martin Eva , Voltz Raymond , Zambrano Sofia C , van der Heide Agnes 
Published: August 2022

IntroductionAdequately addressing the needs of patients at the end of life and their relatives is pivotal in preventing unnecessary suffering and optimising their quality of life. The purpose of the iLIVE study is to contribute to high-quality personalised care at the end of life in different countries and cultures, by investigating the experiences, concerns, preferences and use of care of terminally ill patients and their families.Methods and analysisThe iLIVE study is an international cohort study in which patients with an estimated life expectancy of 6 months or less are followed up until they die. In total, 2200 patients will be included in 11 countries, that is, 200 per country. In addition, one relative per patient is invited to participate. All participants will be asked to fill in a questionnaire, at baseline and after 4 weeks. If a patient dies within 6 months of follow-up, the relative will be asked to fill in a post-bereavement questionnaire. Healthcare use in the last week of life will be evaluated as well; healthcare staff who attended the patient will be asked to fill in a brief questionnaire to evaluate the care that was provided. Qualitative interviews will be conducted with patients, relatives and healthcare professionals in all countries to gain more in-depth insights.Ethics and disseminationThe cohort study has been approved by ethics committees and the institutional review boards (IRBs) of participating institutes in all countries. Results will be disseminated through the project website, publications in scientific journals and at conferences. Within the project, there will be a working group focusing on enhancing the engagement of the community at large with the reality of death and dying.Trial registration numberNCT04271085.