bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
2D Polymer Nanonets: Controllable Constructions and Functional Applications
Authors: Tang Ning , Chen Yu , Li Yuyao , Yu Bin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract2D polymer nanonets have demonstrated great potential in various application fields due to their integrated advantages of ultrafine diameter, small pore size, high porosity, excellent interconnectivity, and large specific surface area. Here, a comprehensive overview of the controlled constructions of the polymer nanonets derived from electrospinning/netting, direct electronetting, self‐assembly of cellulose nanofibers, and nonsolvent‐induced phase separation is provided. Then, the widely researched multifunctional applications of polymer nanonets in filtration, sensor, tissue engineering, and electricity are also given. Finally, the challenges and possible directions for further developing the polymer nanonets are also intensively highlighted.
Wide Bandgap Polymer Donor with Acrylate Side Chains for Non‐Fullerene Acceptor‐Based Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Yuan Yi , Kumar Pankaj , Ngai Jenner H. L. , Gao Xiguang , Li Xu , Liu Haitao , Wang Jinliang , Li Yuning 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOrganic semiconductors inherently have a low dielectric constant and hence high exciton binding energy, which is largely responsible for the rather low power conversion efficiency of organic solar cells as well as the requirements to achieve delicate bulk‐heterojunction nanophase separation in the active layer. In this study, methyl acrylate as a weakly electron‐withdrawing side chain for the electron rich thiophene to prepare a new building block, methyl thiophene‐3‐acrylate (TA), with increased polarity is used. A wide bandgap polymer PBDT‐TA synthesized using TA and a benzodithiophene (BDT) monomer shows increased dielectric constant and reduced exciton binding energy compared to the analogous polymer PBDT‐TC, which is made of BDT and methyl thiophene‐3‐carboxylate (TC). An organic solar cell device based on PBDT‐TA:ITIC also achieves a higher power conversion efficiency of 10.47% than that of the PBDT‐TC:ITIC based solar cell (9.68%). This work demonstrates the effectiveness of using acrylate side chains to increase the dielectric constant, reduce the exciton binding energy, and enhance the solar cell efficiency of polymer semiconductors.
Dopaminergic Positron Emission Tomography Imaging in the Alpha‐Synuclein Preformed Fibril Model Reveals Similarities to Early Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Sossi Vesna , Patterson Joseph R. , McCormick Siobhan , Kemp Christopher J. , Miller Kathryn M. , Stoll Anna C. , Kuhn Nathan , Kubik Michael , Kochmanski Joseph , Luk Kelvin C. , Sortwell Caryl E. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundPositron emission tomography (PET) imaging in early Parkinson's disease (PD) subjects reveals that increased dopamine (DA) turnover and reduced dopamine transporter (DAT) density precede decreases in DA synthesis and storage. The rat α‐synuclein preformed fibril (α‐syn PFF) model provides a platform to investigate DA dynamics during multiple stages of α‐syn inclusion‐triggered nigrostriatal degeneration.ObjectivesWe investigated multiple aspects of in vivo dopaminergic deficits longitudinally and similarities to human PD using translational PET imaging readouts.MethodsLongitudinal imaging was performed every 2 months in PFF and control rats for 7 months. [18F]‐Fluoro‐3,4‐dihydroxyphenyl‐L‐alanine (FDOPA) imaging was performed to investigate DA synthesis and storage (Kocc) and DA turnover, estimated by its inverse, the effective distribution volume ratio (EDVR). 11C‐Methylphenidate (MP) was used to estimate DAT density (BPND).ResultsEarly DA turnover increases and DAT binding decreases were observed in the ipsilateral striatum of PFF rats, progressing longitudinally. EDVR decreased 26%, 38%, and 47%, and BPND decreased 36%, 50%, and 65% at the 2‐, 4‐, and 6‐month time points, respectively, compared to ipsilateral control striatum. In contrast, deficits in DA synthesis and storage were not observed in the ipsilateral striatum of PFF rats compared to control injections and were relatively preserved up to 6 months (Kocc decreased 20% at 6 months).ConclusionsThe relative preservation of DA synthesis and storage compared to robust progressive deficits in DAT density and increases in DA turnover in the rat α‐syn PFF model display remarkable face validity to dopaminergic alterations in human PD. © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Dairy Product Consumption and Changes in Cognitive Performance: Two‐Year Analysis of the PREDIMED‐Plus Cohort
Authors: Ni Jiaqi , Nishi Stephanie K. , Babio Nancy , Martínez‐González Miguel A. , Corella Dolores , Castañer Olga , Martínez J. Alfredo , Alonso‐Gómez Ángel M. , Gómez‐Gracia Enrique , Vioque Jesús , Romaguera Dora , López‐Miranda José , Estruch Ramon , Tinahones Francisco J. , Lapetra José , Serra‐Majem J. Luís , Bueno‐Cavanillas Aurora , Tur Josep A. , Martín‐Sánchez Vicente , Pintó Xavier , Gaforio José J. , Barabash Bustelo Ana , Vidal Josep , Vázquez Clotilde , Daimiel Lidia , Ros Emili , Toledo Estefanía , Coltell Oscar , Gómez‐Martínez Carlos , Zomeño María Dolores , Donat‐Vargas Carolina , Goicolea‐Güemez Leire , Bouzas Cristina , Garcia‐de‐la‐Hera Manoli , Chaplin Alice , Garcia‐Rios Antonio , Casas Rosa , Cornejo‐Pareja Isabel , Santos‐Lozano José Manuel , Rognoni Teresa , Saiz Carmen , Paz‐Graniel Indira , Malcampo Mireia , Sánchez‐Villegas Almudena , Salaverria‐Lete Itziar , García‐Arellano Ana , Schröder Helmut , Salas‐Salvadó Jordi ,   PREDIMED‐Plus investigators.
Published: May 2022

ScopeDairy consumption has been suggested to impact cognition; however, evidence is limited and inconsistent. This study aims to longitudinally assess the association between dairy consumption with cognitive changes in an older Spanish population at high cardiovascular disease risk.Methods and resultsFour thousand six hundred sixty eight participants aged 55–75 years, completed a validated food frequency questionnaire at baseline and a neuropsychological battery of tests at baseline and 2‐year follow‐up. Multivariable linear regression models are used, scaled by 100 (i.e., the units of β correspond to 1 SD/100), to assess associations between baseline tertile daily consumption and 2‐year changes in cognitive performance. Participants in the highest tertile of total milk and whole‐fat milk consumption have a greater decline in global cognitive function (β: –4.71, 95% CI: –8.74 to –0.69, p‐trend = 0.020 and β: –6.64, 95% CI: –10.81 to –2.47, p‐trend = 0.002, respectively) compared to those in the lowest tertile. No associations are observed between low fat milk, yogurt, cheese or fermented dairy consumption, and changes in cognitive performance.ConclusionResults suggest there are no clear prospective associations between consumption of most commonly consumed dairy products and cognition, although there may be an association with a greater rate of cognitive decline over a 2‐year period in older adults at high cardiovascular disease risk for whole‐fat milk.
Multitarget identification method for dual‐plane detection based on data fusion and correlation analysis
Authors: Cao Jianjian , Li Hanshan , Zhang Xiaoqian 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe light screen that tests the velocity of a projectile is often affected by indoor illumination changes and interference caused by air disturbance of the projectile, affecting the identification of the projectile target signals by the test system. To solve these problems, based on the detection light screen formed by the array infrared diodes and the array photosensitive tube, this article proposes the method of identifying multiprojectile targets in the dual‐plane detection of data fusion and related analysis. Use the amplitude of signals generated by the projectile moving in the screen and the time width of valid signals as the diagnosis basis to build a multiprojectile signal identification model for a single plane detection light screen. Using the similarity of projectile passing through two light screens, a matching algorithm for the two‐plane detection screen projectile signal is established. By collecting the multiprojectile signals of the dual‐plane detection light screen and following the single detection light screen data fusion model, the velocity measuring system can identify the projectile signals of the dual‐plane detection screen. Based on the fusion and identification result of each detection plane and the established match algorithm related to the shot signal, the test result of the test system with interference is obtained. The result verifies the correctness of the established model and algorithm.
Automatic stent recognition using perceptual attention U‐net for quantitative intrafraction motion monitoring in pancreatic cancer radiotherapy
Authors: He Xiuxiu , Cai Weixing , Li Feifei , Zhang Pengpeng , Reyngold Marsha , Cuaron John J. , Cerviño Laura I. , Li Tianfang , Li Xiang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPurposeStent has often been used as an internal surrogate to monitor intrafraction tumor motion during pancreatic cancer radiotherapy. Based on the stent contours generated from planning CT images, the current intrafraction motion review (IMR) system on Varian TrueBeam only provides a tool to verify the stent motion visually but lacks quantitative information. The purpose of this study is to develop an automatic stent recognition method for quantitative intrafraction tumor motion monitoring in pancreatic cancer treatment.MethodsA total of 535 IMR images from 14 pancreatic cancer patients were retrospectively selected in this study, with the manual contour of the stent on each image serving as the ground truth. We developed a deep learning–based approach that integrates two mechanisms that focus on the features of the segmentation target. The objective attention modeling was integrated into the U‐net framework to deal with the optimization difficulties when training a deep network with 2D IMR images and limited training data. A perceptual loss was combined with the binary cross‐entropy loss and a Dice loss for supervision. The deep neural network was trained to capture more contextual information to predict binary stent masks. A random‐split test was performed, with images of ten patients (71%, 380 images) randomly selected for training, whereas the rest of four patients (29%, 155 images) were used for testing. Sevenfold cross‐validation of the proposed PAUnet on the 14 patients was performed for further evaluation.ResultsOur stent segmentation results were compared with the manually segmented contours. For the random‐split test, the trained model achieved a mean (±standard deviation) stent Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), 95% Hausdorff distance (HD95), the center‐of‐mass distance (CMD), and volume difference were 0.96 (±0.01), 1.01 (±0.55) mm, 0.66 (±0.46) mm, and 3.07% (±2.37%), respectively. The sevenfold cross‐validation of the proposed PAUnet had the mean (±standard deviation) of 0.96 (±0.02), 0.72 (±0.49) mm, 0.85 (±0.96) mm, and 3.47% (±3.27%) for the DSC, HD95, CMD, and .ConclusionWe developed a novel deep learning–based approach to automatically segment the stent from IMR images, demonstrated its clinical feasibility, and validated its accuracy compared to manual segmentation. The proposed technique could be a useful tool for quantitative intrafraction motion monitoring in pancreatic cancer radiotherapy.
Foot evaluation via telephone and video virtual medical visits
Authors: Applewhite Andres I. , Pujalte George G.A. , Denay Keri , Odom Mitchell J. , Arizpe Azael , Albano‐Aluquin Shirley , Kinaszczuk Anja M. , Aiyer Amiethab 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundTelemedicine plays a very important role in our society by allowing providers to treat patients who do not have easy access to a healthcare facility, especially in the setting of the COVID‐19 pandemic.ObjectiveWe aimed to create an extensive, yet concise guide for medical providers to virtually evaluate patients with foot concerns.MethodsThis article outlines how to conduct a well‐planned virtual consultation with specific questions, instructions, and examination manoeuvres to navigate musculoskeletal foot problems.ConclusionWith this narrative review, we have provided a guide with suggestions, questions and interpretations of answers to help physicians new to the practice of telemedicine have successful virtual encounters with patients suffering from foot musculoskeletal ailments.
Analysis and optimization of M‐shaped boom based on response surface method
Authors: Shi Jiaqi , Qi Junwei , Wang Yuequan , Xiao Jun , Zhao Cong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe M‐shaped boom is a support structure that can be packed and launched and deployed in orbit using stored elastic strain energy. This work attempts a method to optimize the M boom. The response surface method was used to fit the finite element (FE) results to obtain surrogate models for the strain storage and the fundamental frequency in the deployed state, and the average errors between the surrogate model results and FE results were 1.56% and 0.9% respectively. The influence of different design variables on the results is analyzed by using surrogate models. Considering the requirements of boom deployment, a non‐dominated sorting genetic algorithm is used for multi‐objective optimization. The optimization targets the maximum strain stored energy and the maximum fundamental frequency, with the constraint of boom mass. The optimization results are at the Pareto frontier.
Varying Cu and Zn composition in brass and its effect on the fade and recovery behavior of the phenolic‐based friction composites
Authors: K Asrar Ahmed , S Rasool Mohideen , Balachandran Surya Rajan , M.A. Sai Balaji 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBrass as a functional filler in the formulation of brake friction composites helps to improve the thermal conductivity, tribo‐load bearing ability, fade, recovery and wear resistance of the brake pads. The commercial brass alloy has 70 wt% copper and 30 wt% zinc. In this work, the tribological performance of the brass powders with 60 wt% Cu +40 wt% Zn and 80 wt% Cu +20 wt% Zn having similar morphology with the commercial brass was evaluated. The commercial and the two modified versions of brass filler were introduced in the formulation. Totally nine phenolic brake composite were formulated and fabricated by varying the brass filler types and their composition (6, 8 and 10 wt%) in the brake formulations. The tribological performance of the developed brake pads was studied using a chase‐type friction tester following IS 2742 test standard. The worn surface of the tested samples was studied using scanning electron microscopy and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. The tribological performance of the developed samples shows a nonlinear behavior concerning the variation in the composition. Therefore, statistical evaluation techniques such as hybrid analytical hierarchy process coupled with extension evaluation method (AHP‐EEM) and analytical hierarchy process coupled with Preference Selection Index (AHP‐PSI) were used to rank the developed samples based on the multiple tribological performance parameters. Based on the evaluation process the brake composite's composition with 8 wt% brass containing 70 wt% Cu and 30 wt% Zn has given the best overall performance.
Epoxy resin matrix integrating epoxy‐polydimethylsiloxane based self‐healing microcapsules: Healing efficiency, mechanical and thermal stability
Authors: Chamkouri Hossein , Ahmadlouydarab Majid , Chamkouri Mahyodin , Hosseini saeidavi Fatemeh 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEnvironmental factors such as climate change, temperature fluctuations, and mechanical forces hinder long‐term space, transportation, and research missions due to structural damage. We report an innovative system to overcome this problem. The self‐healing structure under examination is an epoxy as a polymeric matrix, which includes microcapsules embedded with epoxy‐polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), as a healing agent, separately combined by microcapsules embedded with triethylenetetramine (TETA) as a hardener or curing agent. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed the presence and size of the microcapsules. It was shown that the rough appearance of microcapsules improves mechanical bonding. The diameter of microcapsules varied between 40 and 200 μm, with an average diameter of ~100 μm. The information of microcapsules and their structures were scrutinized through Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy for chemical structure confirmation. It was determined that epoxy‐PDMS practical liquids have been effectively encapsulated. The thermal performance of the microcapsules was investigated utilizing thermogravimetric analysis. The results showed that the microcapsules have thermal stability up to 220°C without degradation and decomposition. Additionally, the flexural test was used to evaluate the samples manually scratched with blade and compared with the pure epoxy sample. The results showed the sample containing 15% microcapsules has 105% recovery efficiency after 55 h.
Hydrophilic cloth by surface modification of polypropylene fabrics with mineral particles
Authors: Castillo Luciana , Lescano Leticia , Marfil Silvina , Barbosa Silvia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDifferent surface modifications of polypropylene non‐woven fabric (NWF) by using mineral particles are proposed to increase fabric hydrophilicity. Particles from a zeolitized vitreous breccia are selected as an economic mineral having high water absorption capacity. The efficacy of each methodology concerning particle inclusion on and within NWF is studied with different techniques. Scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction are used to analyze particle presence and coverage. Particle concentration on modified‐NWF is determined by using thermogravimetric analysis. The selection of the surface modification methodology is done considering the particle inclusion efficacy and its scalability to be directly used during NWF fabrication. Particle inclusion on the heat softened NWF followed by the removal of non‐adhered particles is chosen as the selected surface modification methodology to increase NWF hydrophilicity. To guarantee the no‐particle detachment during the use of modified‐NMF, specific assays are performed simulating extreme conditions such handling under water. After these assays, modified‐NWFs have a minimum water absorption capacity of 5.8 g/cm2. It means that 0.25 m2 of modified‐NWF has at least similar absorption capacity than 5 g of silica gel. These modified‐NWFs, obtained from an easy process during NWF fabrication, favor the beneficiation of the raw zeolitized vitreous breccia, leading to a new hydrophilic cloth.
Implementation barriers and facilitators of a mindfulness‐based social emotional learning program and the role of relational trust: A qualitative study
Authors: Mischenko Polina P. , Nicholas‐Hoff Pamela , Schussler Deborah L. , Iwu Jessica , Jennings Patricia A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBased on an overarching analysis of the ecological levels or contexts that implementers experienced as barriers and facilitators in the delivery of a mindfulness‐based social‐emotional learning program, this study reveals the importance of relational trust between the implementer and actors within the various ecological levels. This study applies Bryk and Schneider's framework of relational trust to bring nuance and understanding to relationships that influence the implementer's ability to effectively deliver the program. This study explores the implementers' relationships with: the curriculum professional learning team, the district/school administration, schoolteachers/colleagues, students' families, students, and themselves. A qualitative case study approach was employed and included interviews and classroom observations of 10 teachers delivering the program in the elementary school context. Inferences about the strength of relational trust are made between implementers with high and low fidelity based on qualitative and numerical analysis of coded interview segments. Recommendations are made for a whole school community approach that emphasizes the development of relational trust before program implementation.
Improved definition of growing pains: A common familial primary pain disorder of early childhood
Authors: Champion G. David , Bui Minh , Sarraf Sara , Donnelly Theresa J. , Bott Aneeka N , Goh Shuxiang , Jaaniste Tiina , Hopper John 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundCommonly applied diagnostic criteria for growing pains (GP) have evolved without determination by an authoritative representative body. GP and restless legs syndrome (RLS) share anatomical, distributional, temporal, and other clinical features and are associated in individuals over time, in families, and in population samples. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that GP, diagnosed by widely used criteria, is confounded by cases of painful restless legs syndrome (RLS‐Painful).MethodsA twin family study of genetic influence and associations of GP using questionnaires was administered by Twins Research Australia. Twins (3–18 years; monozygous 503, dizygous 513), their oldest siblings, mothers, and fathers were randomly selected from the twin registry. Family members completed the questionnaires assessing lifetime prevalence of GP by commonly applied criteria and covariates including the history of iron deficiency and pediatric pain disorders. A GP‐Specific phenotype was defined as GP without urge to move the legs. We determined similarities in twin pairs for the GP and GP‐Specific phenotypes, family associations, and estimated familial and individual‐specific associations for each phenotype.ResultsLifetime prevalence was one‐third lower for GP‐Specific than for GP among the twin and family members. Monozygous twin pairs were more similar than dizygous twin pairs for GP and for the derived GP‐Specific phenotype by three methods, consistent with genetic influence. There were familial associations, but the essential evidence for genetic influence was the twin‐cotwin data. GP was associated, in multivariable analyses, with migraine, headaches, recurrent abdominal pain, and iron deficiency, while GP‐Specific associations were limited to migraine and headaches.ConclusionsGP is hybrid, one‐third of cases having symptoms and associations of RLS, necessarily RLS‐Painful. GP‐Specific (without symptoms and associations of RLS) could have a genetic etiology. We propose new criteria to facilitate etiological and therapeutic research.