bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of CeO2 microspheres by internal gelation process using flow‐focusing droplet generator
Authors: Yadav Satyajeet , Chaturvedi Animesh Rajeev , Gaikwad Ganesh , Ananthasivan Krishnamurthy , Pandit Aniruddha Bhalchandra , Jain Ratnesh D. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSphere‐pac fuel is an alternative nuclear fuel technology in which microspheres of two or more sizes are utilized to fill the cladding tube in place of the more conventional single‐size fuel pellets. This provides leeway for adjusting the fuel pellet packing density and resulting cladding tube porosity. The current investigation makes use of a flow‐focusing droplet generator made from stainless steel (S.S.) 316 L, with a channel internal diameter (I.D.) of 0.5, 0.8, 1, and 3 mm. These microspheres were supposed to be of actinide oxide but here, cerium has been chosen as a surrogate of plutonium. Detailed information about the flow‐focusing droplet generator, internal gelation process, and sphere‐pac fuel has been provided. The size and size distribution of ceria microspheres were investigated by varying the flow rates of the continuous and dispersed phase. The characterization of ceria microspheres has been conducted using techniques such as scanning electron microscope (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analyses. The size of prepared monodisperse microspheres was controlled precisely (within ±2%) in the range of 498–2888 μm using four S.S. 316 L flow‐focusing droplet generators with channel I.D. 0.5, 0.8, 1, and 3 mm, respectively, and the coefficient of variation of the size distribution was found to be less than 2%.
Dscam1 overexpression impairs the function of the gut nervous system in Drosophila
Authors: Hernández Karla , Godoy Luis , Newquist Gunnar , Kellermeyer Riley , Alavi Maryam , Mathew Dennis , Kidd Thomas 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundDown syndrome (DS) patients have a 100‐fold increase in the risk of Hirschsprung syndrome of the colon and rectum (HSCR), a lack of enteric neurons in the colon. The leading DS candidate gene is trisomy of the Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule (DSCAM).ResultsWe find that Dscam1 protein is expressed in the Drosophila enteric/stomatogastric nervous system (SNS). Axonal Dscam1 phenotypes can be rescued equally by diverse isoforms. Overexpression of Dscam1 resulted in frontal and hindgut nerve overgrowth. Expression of dominant negative Dscam1‐ΔC led to a truncated frontal nerve and increased branching of the hindgut nerve. Larval locomotion is influenced by feeding state, and we found that the average speed of larvae with Dscam1 SNS expression was reduced, whereas overexpression of Dscam1‐ΔC significantly increased the speed. Dscam1 overexpression reduced the efficiency of food clearance from the larval gut.ConclusionOur work demonstrates that overexpression of Dscam1 can perturb gut function in a model system.
Recovery from heat‐induced infertility—A study of reproductive tissue responses and fitness consequences in male Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Canal Domenech Berta , Fricke Claudia 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe predicted temperature increase caused by climate change is a threat to biodiversity. Across animal taxa, male reproduction is often sensitive to elevated temperatures leading to fertility loss, and in more adverse scenarios, this can result in sterility when males reach their upper thermal fertility limit. Here, we investigate temperature‐induced changes in reproductive tissues, fertility reduction, sterility, and the associated fitness loss during the subsequent recovery phase in male Drosophila melanogaster. We heat‐stressed males during development and either allowed them to recover or not in early adulthood while measuring several determinants of male reproductive success. We found significant differences in recovery rate, organ sizes, sperm production, and other key reproductive traits among males from our different temperature treatments. Sperm maturation was impaired before reaching the upper thermal sterility threshold. While some effects were reversible, this did not compensate for the fitness loss due to damage imposed during development. Surprisingly, developmental heat stress was damaging to accessory gland growth, and female post‐mating responses mediated by seminal fluid proteins were impaired regardless of the possibility of recovery. We suggest that sub‐lethal thermal sterility and the subsequent fertility reduction are caused by a combination of inefficient functionality of both the accessory gland and testes.
Shake table tests on a reinforced concrete waffle‐flat plate structure with new hybrid energy dissipation devices
Authors: Benavent‐Climent Amadeo , Escolano‐Margarit David , Yurkin Yuriy , Ponce‐Parra Hermes , Arcos‐Espada Julio 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a new hybrid energy dissipation device and investigates experimentally its capability to improve the seismic response of an inherently very flexible structural system: a reinforced concrete waffle‐flat plate structure. The new device combines in parallel within a single device a low‐cost viscoelastic (VE) component and a metallic yielding (MY) component. The device has a gap that prevents deformations on the MY component in the range of displacements caused by wind or low intensity earthquakes, to avoid high‐cycle fatigue damage. The MY component is expected to activate under the design or the maximum credible earthquake, providing the main structure with lateral stiffness, and a reliable and large source of energy dissipation capacity. Six new hybrid energy dissipation devices (energy dissipation system) were installed in a scaled two‐story portion of a prototype RC waffle‐flat plate structure (main structure) designed only for gravity loads, without considering special ductility detailing or capacity design rules for the columns. The VE component of the hybrid energy dissipation devices reduced the translational periods with largest effective modal mass along the horizontal directions X and Y to 60%, and increased the fraction of damping to about 12%. The main structure with the energy dissipation system was subjected to bidirectional shake table tests that represented frequent, design and maximum credible earthquakes. In the tests, the main structure remained basically undamaged under the frequent and the design earthquakes, whereas it suffered minor (reparable) damage under the maximum credible earthquake. The MY component remained undeformed under low intensity earthquakes.
Is workplace violence against health care workers in Mozambique gender related?
Authors: Ferrinho Paulo , Patrício Sérgio Roques , Craveiro Isabel , Sidat Mohsin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis report revisits data used to describe the typology and the perceived impact of violence against health care workers (VHCW) at the health services of the City of Lichinga in Mozambique, based on an observational, descriptive, cross‐sectional study, carried out from March to May 2019. In this report we attempt to understand if our reanalysis of VHCW in Niassa can explain it as an example of gender‐based violence. Our findings—particularly that women more than men reported not knowing if the health services had any policies or procedures to deal with VHCW, felt that they were not encouraged to report acts of VHCW and were more frequently threatened/violented by different sex aggressors—although not conclusive, support the need to consider gender as a dimension when conducting research on VHCW. If we do not do so, gender will continue to be an invisible and ignored dimension of intervention strategies to prevent and address VHCW.
Brain tumor segmentation using a deep Shuffled‐YOLO network
Authors: Kavitha Angamuthu Rajasekaran , Palaniappan Karthikeyan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBrain tumor is an anomalous proliferation of cells in the brain that can evolve to malignant and benign tumors. Currently, segmentation of brain tumor is the most important surgical and pharmaceutical procedures. However, manually segmenting brain tumors is hard because it is hard to find erratically shaped tumors with only one modality; the MRI modalities are integrated to provide multi‐modal images with data that can be utilized to segment tumors. The recent developments in machine learning and the accessibility of medical diagnostic imaging have made it possible to tackle the challenges of segmenting brain tumors with deep neural networks. In this work, a novel Shuffled‐YOLO network has been proposed for segmenting brain tumors from multimodal MRI images. Initially, the scalable range‐based adaptive bilateral filer (SCRAB) pre‐processing technique was used to eliminate the noise artifacts from MRI while preserving the edges. In the segmentation phase, we propose a novel deep Shuffled‐YOLO architecture for segmenting the internal tumor structures that include non‐enhancing, edema, necrosis, and enhancing tumors from the multi‐modality MRI sequences. The experimental fallouts reveal that the proposed Shuffled‐YOLO network achieves a better accuracy range of 98.07% for BraTS 2020 and 97.04% for BraTS 2019 with very minimal computational complexity compared to the state‐of‐the‐art models.
Faculty perception on clinical shadowing: A concurrent mixed methods study
Authors: Chaitanya Penmatsa , Bhadila Ghalia , Dragan Irina F. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurposeThis mixed methods study aims to investigate faculty members’ perceptions of early clinical exposure through clinical shadowing program (CSP) at one academic dental institution.MethodsAfter ethical approval was received, concurrent data collection using quantitative and qualitative methods was integrated for this study design. For the quantitative data, a validated instrument (Likert scale) was distributed to all basic and clinical science faculty members regarding the CSP. Qualitative semi‐structured interviews of basic and clinical science faculty members were conducted to explore their perceptions of the CSP. Descriptive statistics were completed for the quantitative data, and thematic analysis was carried out for the transcribed interviews.ResultsFaculty members from basic and clinical sciences participated in this mixed methods study, 97% (n = 74) participants in the quantitative and 12 participants in the qualitative. The majority of faculty (67%; n = 44) strongly agreed that CSP helps predoctoral students in the application of basic science knowledge to clinical practice. All basic science respondents (n = 10; 100%) and many clinical science faculty (60%; n = 35) strongly agreed that CSP requires coordination between basic and clinical science educators (p = 0.042). Some faculty suggested the inclusion of training for educators on the program and regular periodic student assessments of the program's effectiveness.ConclusionThe current study reported positive faculty perception toward the proposed method of integration. Furthermore, opportunities to foster coordination between basic and clinical science educators may be provided by administrators to strengthen the existing CSP framework.
Cost‐effectiveness of hepatitis C virus test‐and‐treat and risk reduction strategies among men who have sex with men living with HIV in France
Authors: Castry Mathieu , Cousien Anthony , Champenois Karen , Supervie Virginie , Velter Annie , Ghosn Jade , Yazdanpanah Yazdan , Paltiel A. David , Deuffic‐Burban Sylvie 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroductionStudies suggest that hepatitis C virus (HCV) micro‐elimination is feasible among men who have sex with men (MSM) living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), through treatment‐as‐prevention and interventions aimed at reducing risk behaviours. However, their economic impact is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to assess the cost‐effectiveness of HCV screening and risk reduction strategies in France.MethodsA compartmental deterministic mathematical model was developed to describe HCV disease transmission and progression among MSM living with HIV in France. We evaluated different combinations of HCV screening frequency (every 12, 6 or 3 months) and risk reduction strategies (targeting only high‐risk or all MSM) from 2021 onwards. The model simulated the number of HCV infections, life‐expectancy (LYs), quality‐adjusted life‐expectancy (QALYs), lifetime costs and incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio (ICER) over a lifetime horizon (leading to an end of the simulation in 2065).ResultsAll strategies increased QALYs, compared with current practices, that is yearly HCV screening, with no risk reduction. A behavioural intervention resulting in a 20% risk reduction in the high‐risk group, together with yearly screening, was the least expensive strategy, and, therefore, cost‐saving compared to current practices. The ICER per QALY gained for the strategy combining risk reduction for the high‐risk group with 6‐month HCV screening, compared to risk reduction with yearly screening, was €61,389. It also prevented 398 new HCV infections between 2021 and 2065, with a cost per infection averted of €37,790. All other strategies were dominated (more expensive and less effective than some other available alternative) or not cost‐effective (ICER per QALY gained > €100,000).ConclusionsIn the French context, current HCV screening practices without risk reduction among MSM living with HIV cannot be justified on economic grounds. Risk reduction interventions targeted to high‐risk individuals—alongside screening either once or twice a year—could be cost‐effective depending on the policymaker's willingness‐to‐pay.
トラゾドン塩酸塩の過量内服により致死性不整脈を呈した1例(Trazodone overdose–induced life–threatening arrhythmia: a case report)
Authors: 亮太郎 西方 , 慧 吉川 , 良平 西沢 , 賢彦 海田 , 剛明 松田 , 芳裕 山口 
Published: December 2022

要旨トラゾドンの過量内服による致死性不整脈の報告は少ない。今回，同薬剤の過量内服によりQT延長症候群（long QT syndrome: LQTS）からtorsades de pointes（TdP）を含む致死性不整脈を呈した1例を経験したので報告する。30歳代の女性。来院3時間前に自殺目的にトラゾドン50mgを124錠内服し救急搬送された。来院時，意識障害を認めるものの呼吸・循環は安定しており，QTc時間は0.466secであった。急性トラゾドン中毒の診断で，救命救急センター入院となった。来院3時間後に心室性期外収縮を契機とした非持続性心室頻拍を認め，来院4時間後QTc時間が0.490secに延長した。来院5時間後にはTdPを認め，カルディオバージョンによりTdPは改善したが，心室性期外収縮の散発を認めた。その後無脈性心室頻拍を繰り返し，来院14時間後にテンポラリーペースメーカーを挿入し循環動態の改善を得た。QTc時間は来院21時間後に最大0.610secまで延長したが，その後徐々に改善し，来院40時間後にペーシングから，また41時間後に人工呼吸器から離脱した。QTc時間は来院61時間後に0.421secまで改善し，精神科での入院加療が可能と判断されたため，来院67時間後に転院となった。トラゾドンの過量内服においては，致死性不整脈の発症に厳重な警戒が必要である。
脊椎骨折と胸骨骨折を合併した症例（sternovertebral fracture）の治療成績(Outcomes of patients with vertebral and sternum fractures (sternovertebral fractures))
Authors: 泰明 山川 , 多栄子 降幡 , 比呂人 伊與田 , 浩平 宮下 , 篤史 盛實 , 朋子 杉村 , 雄一 齋坂 
Published: December 2022

要旨【目的】脊椎と胸骨の同時骨折はsternovertebral fracturesとされ，体幹前後の不安定性により胸骨骨折・脊椎骨折の治癒に悪影響を及ぼす可能性がある。その背景・治療成績を調査し，治療選択について考察した。【対象】脊椎骨折と胸骨骨折の診断がCTでなされた27例を対象とした。それぞれの骨折部位，骨折の転位・Denis分類，合併した胸部外傷，治療法，骨癒合，痛みや疲労感などの臨床症状について調査した。【結果】胸骨骨折部位は胸骨柄が3例，体部が22例，柄部・体部合併が2例であり，転位型の胸骨骨折を9例に認めた。脊椎は頚椎2例，胸椎17例，腰椎4例，多部位損傷4例であり，Denis分類は1，2，3 column損傷がそれぞれ4，13，10例であった。多発肋骨骨折を12例，血気胸7例，肺挫傷6例に合併していた。胸骨骨折のうち26/27例（96%）は保存治療であり，脊椎骨折は保存治療が10例（37%），手術治療が17例（63%）であった。胸骨・脊椎骨折とも画像経過の確認ができた全例で骨癒合が得られていた。臨床症状を胸骨骨折2/27例（7%），脊椎骨折14/27例（52%）に認めた。【結語】胸骨体部と胸椎骨折の組み合わせの頻度が高かった。胸骨骨折の96%は保存治療が行われていたが全例骨癒合が得られ，7%のみに臨床症状を認め，胸骨骨折に対しては保存的治療も可能と考えられた。
受傷翌日に著明な膵液漏を来した外傷性膵損傷に対し，早期膵切除を選択した多発外傷の1例(A case of polytrauma requiring pancreatectomy for traumatic pancreatic injury with significant pancreatic leakage)
Authors: 亮平 松居 , 麻子 松嶋 , 真実 坪田 , 謙 坪井 , 洋一 松尾 , 修司 瀧口 
Published: December 2022

要旨症例は産後うつ病のある20歳代女性。自宅アパート5階から墜落し，computed tomography（CT）で外傷性くも膜下出血，右下顎骨開放骨折，両側顎関節突起骨折および第1腰椎圧迫骨折と診断された。受傷当日のCTで腹腔内には臓器損傷所見を認めなかったが，翌日のCTで後腹膜に著明な膵液漏を伴う外傷性膵損傷が顕在化した。主膵管損傷を疑い，緊急開腹膵体尾部切除術を施行した。切除標本の病理所見では主膵管損傷を認めず，経過と画像所見から分枝膵管損傷と判断した。主膵管損傷を伴わない膵損傷はnon–operative management（NOM）が推奨されているが，後腹膜へ広がる膵液漏ではNOMが困難な場合がある。とくに精神疾患がある場合や多発外傷では合併する損傷と治療の経過を考慮して，短期間で治療が完了する膵切除術も考慮するべき治療戦略と考える。
Effective doses for common paediatric diagnostic general radiography examinations at a major Australian paediatric hospital and the communication of associated radiation risks
Authors: Earl Victoria J. , Potter Amanda O. G. , Perdomo Amanda A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroductionHealth professionals in paediatric medical imaging are routinely required to communicate radiation risks to carers and patients. Effective dose alone cannot be used to specify and communicate the radiation risk for an individual as risks are dependent on many factors including age and patient sex. In this study, we estimated typical effective doses for 20 commonly performed paediatric general radiography examinations using the weight‐based imaging protocols employed at a major Australian specialist paediatric hospital. Effective doses were used to estimate and categorise associated age‐based stochastic risks with commonly used risk terminology to facilitate communication of risk.MethodsPaediatric protocols for common general radiography examinations and World Health Organization 50th percentile weight‐for‐age data for females and males aged up to 18 years were used to estimate typical effective doses using Monte Carlo software and lifetime risk of cancer incidence using published data. Results were used to determine standardised levels of risk using the Calman risk model.ResultsEffective doses, corresponding lifetime risk of cancer incidence and level of risk category from 20 general radiography examinations for paediatric patients were calculated and presented for ease of communication. Doses ranged from <0.001 mSv (negligible risk) to 1.6 mSv (low risk).ConclusionTypical effective doses from common paediatric general radiography examinations, the associated lifetime risk of cancer incidence and level of risk have been established for our institution. This can be used to convey risks to health professionals, patients and carers in ways that are easy to understand and compare with other everyday risks.
Early plasma interferon‐β levels as a predictive marker of COVID‐19 severe clinical events in adult patients
Authors: Berri Fatma , N'Guyen Yohan , Callon Domitille , Lebreil Anne‐Laure , Glenet Marie , Heng Laetitia , Pham Bach‐Nga , Bani‐Sadr Firouze , Andreoletti Laurent ,   the Reims COVID‐19 Study Group
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe assessed relationships between early peripheral blood type I interferons (IFN) levels, clinical new early warning scores (NEWS), and clinical outcomes in hospitalized coronavirus disease‐19 (COVID‐19) adult patients. Early IFN‐β levels were lower among patients who further required intensive care unit (ICU) admission than those measured in patients who did not require an ICU admission during severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 infection. IFN‐β levels were inversely correlated with NEWS only in the subgroup of patients who further required ICU admission. To assess whether peripheral blood IFN‐β levels could be a potential relevant biomarker to predict further need for ICU admission, we performed receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses that showed for all study patients an area under ROC curve of 0.77 growing to 0.86 (p = 0.003) when the analysis was restricted to a subset of patients with NEWS ≥5 at the time of hospital admission. Overall, our findings indicated that early peripheral blood IFN‐β levels might be a relevant predictive marker of further need for an ICU admission in hospitalized COVID‐19 adult patients, specifically when clinical score (NEWS) was graded as upper than 5 at the time of hospital admission.
Production of N‐methyldiethanolamine di‐ester via heterogeneous transesterification of palm methyl ester over modified calcium oxide catalyst by metal oxides
Authors: Abdul Aziz Haliza , Yusoff Rozita , Cheng Ngoh Gek , Idris Zainab , Ramli Nur Aainaa Syahirah 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe production cycle of the heterogeneous catalyzed‐transesterification of methyl ester and alkanolamine for the production of esterquats precursor can be considered as a cleaner and sustainable process. This process is an important alternative route as opposed to the conventional homogeneous catalysis as it can eliminates the formation of wastewater, consumes less toxic chemical and reduce the production cost through catalyst reuse. Calcium oxide (CaO)‐based catalysts which include pure CaO and modified CaO by other metal oxides were employed in this study for the production of alkanolamine ester, a precursor of esterquats. The basicity and textural properties of these catalysts were characterized using TPD‐CO2 and N2 physisorption, respectively. Transesterification activity of CaO‐based catalysts successfully showed a high di‐ester yield of more than 85% at 160°C, 80 mbar, 4 wt% of catalyst dosage, 6 h reaction time, methyl palmitate to N‐methyldiethanolamine mole ratio of 2:1 and agitation speed of 150 rpm. ZnO/CaO catalyst rendered the best durability characteristic as it exhibited constant activities for three subsequent runs with 85% di‐ester yield. ZnO/CaO showed high catalytic activity similar to pure CaO catalyst with low leaching of Ca active phase and better reusability than that of pure CaO catalyst, that shows loss of its activity after the first cycle.
Social Perception of External Laryngeal Anatomy Related to Gender Expression in a Web‐based Survey
Authors: Kiessling Patrick , Balakrishnan Karthik , Fauer Alex , Sanan Akshay , McDonald Daniella , Thomas James , Erickson‐Direnzo Elizabeth , Sung C. Kwang , Nuyen Brian 
Published: December 2022

Objective(s)To quantify the effect of laryngeal prominence size on socially perceived attributes relating to gender expression. Chondrolaryngoplasty (“tracheal shave”) is a common procedure performed for transgender women to feminize neck appearance. The extent of thyroid cartilage resection needed to convey socially‐perceived feminine gender expression without destabilizing the voice is incompletely understood.MethodsCross‐sectional evaluation of a randomized allocation of images of varying laryngeal prominence to a non‐repeated, random sample from November 2021 to December 2021. Photos of laryngeal prominence were isolated against a constant neck baseline with lateral, oblique, and frontal views. The images were embedded into a web‐based survey with visual analog scales to capture perceived scaled gender expression (masculinity, femininity) and social traits (e.g., attractiveness, friendliness, leadership). We performed bivariate and multivariate analyses relating the laryngeal prominence to perceived gender expression and social traits.ResultsThe analytic sample included 1,026 respondents. Laryngeal grades similar to the demonstrated “grade M” in this study and smaller demonstrated similar perceptions of increased femininity and decreased masculinity. Grades larger than M demonstrate significantly increased perceived masculinity and significantly decreased perceived femininity. The lateral and oblique views of the neck appear to be the most gender‐informative.ConclusionThis crowd‐sourced analysis of external laryngeal anatomy by a large population of observers provides clear, reproducible insights into social perceptions of gender identity and specifically femininity. These data will meaningfully inform patient counseling and surgical planning for gender‐affirming interventions by establishing normative data representing the general public's perceptions.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 133:2292–2300, 2023