bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Directives and Politeness in SPICE-Ireland
Authors: Ronan Patricia 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWorking from the perspective of Leech’s (The Pragmatics of Politeness. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2014) modification to Blum-Kulkaet al.’s (Cross-cultural pragmatics: Requests and apologies. Norwood, NJ, Ablex, 1989) approach to classifying requests, this study investigates how far impositive directive speech acts are found in spoken Irish English, a variety of English which is well-known for avoiding face threats. The study further investigates how these impositive speech acts are influenced by the genre of the spoken category. In order to do so, this study uses data from the southern component of SPICE-Ireland, a pragmatically annotated corpus of spoken Irish English, and analyses data from six different genres of spoken conversation: Broadcast discussions, Business transactions, Classroom discussions, Face-to-face conversations, Legal presentations and Telephone conversations. These genres are classified in terms of the concepts of ‘language of distance’ versus ‘language of immediacy’. In the data, impositive strategies are frequently found, particularly so in private settings of ‘language of immediacy’. In the more public and formal settings of ‘language of distance’, by contrast, indirect strategies are more prominent.
Predicting the probability of finding missing older adults based on machine learning
Authors: Ruiz-Rizzo Adriana L. , Archila-Meléndez Mario E. , González Veloza José John Fredy 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPerson missingness is an enigmatic and frequent phenomenon that can bring about negative consequences for the missing person, their family, and society in general. Age-related cognitive changes and a higher vulnerability to dementia can increase the propensity of older adults to go missing. Thus, it is necessary to better understand the phenomenon of missingness in older adults. The present study sought to identify individual and environmental factors that might predict whether an older adult reported missing will be found. Supervised machine learning models were used based on the missing person cases open data of Colombia between 1930 and June 2021 (n = 7855). Classification algorithms were trained to predict whether an older adult who went missing would eventually be found. The classification models with the best performance in the test data were those based on gradient boosting. Particularly, the Gradient Boosting Classifier and the Light Gradient Boosting Machine algorithms showed, respectively, 10% and 9% greater area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve than a data-driven, reference model based on the mean of the reported time elapsed since the missingness observed in the training data. The features with the greatest contribution to the classification were the time since the missingness, the place where it occurred, and the age and sex of the missing person. The present results shed light on the societal phenomenon of person missingness while setting the ground for the application of machine learning models in cases of missing older persons.
Asymptotic analysis of subwavelength halide perovskite resonators
Authors: Alexopoulos Konstantinos , Davies Bryn 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHalide perovskites are promising materials with many significant applications in photovoltaics and optoelectronics. Their highly dispersive permittivity relation leads to a non-linear relationship between the frequency and the wavenumber. This, in turn, means the resonance of the system is described by a highly non-linear eigenvalue problem, which is mathematically challenging to understand. In this paper, we use integral methods to quantify the resonant properties of halide perovskite nano-particles. We prove that, for arbitrarily small particles, the subwavelength resonant frequencies can be expressed in terms of the eigenvalues of the Newtonian potential associated with its shape. We also characterize the hybridized subwavelength resonant frequencies of a dimer of two halide perovskite particles. Finally, we examine the specific case of spherical resonators and demonstrate that our new results are consistent with previous works.
Artificial intelligence for right whale photo identification: from data science competition to worldwide collaboration
Authors: Khan Christin , Blount Drew , Parham Jason , Holmberg Jason , Hamilton Philip , Charlton Claire , Christiansen Fredrik , Johnston David , Rayment Will , Dawson Steve , Vermeulen Els , Rowntree Victoria , Groch Karina , Levenson J. Jacob , Bogucki Robert 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPhoto identification is an important tool in the conservation management of endangered species, and recent developments in artificial intelligence are revolutionizing existing workflows to identify individual animals. In 2015, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration hosted a Kaggle data science competition to automate the identification of endangered North Atlantic right whales (Eubalaena glacialis). The winning algorithms developed by Deepsense.ai were able to identify individuals with 87% accuracy using a series of convolutional neural networks to identify the region of interest, create standardized photographs of uniform size and orientation, and then identify the correct individual. Since that time, we have brought in many more collaborators as we moved from prototype to production. Leveraging the existing infrastructure by Wild Me, the developers of Flukebook, we have created a web-based platform that allows biologists with no machine learning expertise to utilize semi-automated photo identification of right whales. New models were generated on an updated dataset using the winning Deepsense.ai algorithms. Given the morphological similarity between the North Atlantic right whale and closely related southern right whale (Eubalaena australis), we expanded the system to incorporate the largest long-term photo identification catalogs around the world including the United States, Canada, Australia, South Africa, Argentina, Brazil, and New Zealand. The system is now fully operational with multi-feature matching for both North Atlantic right whales and southern right whales from aerial photos of their heads (Deepsense), lateral photos of their heads (Pose Invariant Embeddings), flukes (CurvRank v2), and peduncle scarring (HotSpotter). We hope to encourage researchers to embrace both broad data collaborations and artificial intelligence to increase our understanding of wild populations and aid conservation efforts.
A Systematic Review of Pharmacovigilance Systems in Developing Countries Using the WHO Pharmacovigilance Indicators
Authors: Garashi Hamza Y. , Steinke Douglas T. , Schafheutle Ellen I. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
In the context of the growth of pharmacovigilance (PV) among developing countries, this systematic review aims to synthesise current research evaluating developing countries’ PV systems’ performance.

Methods
EMBASE, MEDLINE, CINAHL Plus and Web of Science were searched for peer-reviewed studies published in English between 2012 and 2021. Reference lists of included studies were screened. Included studies were quality assessed using Hawker et al.'s nine-item checklist; data were extracted using the WHO PV indicators checklist. Scores were assigned to each group of indicators and used to compare countries’ PV performance.

Results
Twenty-one unique studies from 51 countries were included. Of a total possible quality score of 36, most studies were rated medium (n = 7 studies) or high (n = 14 studies). Studies obtained an average score of 17.2 out of a possible 63 of the WHO PV indicators. PV system performance in all 51 countries was low (14.86/63; range: 0–26). Higher average scores were obtained in the ‘Core’ (9.27/27) compared to ‘Complementary’ (5.59/36) indicators. Overall performance for ‘Process’ and ‘Outcome’ indicators was lower than that of ‘Structural’.

Conclusion
This first systematic review of studies evaluating PV performance in developing countries provides an in-depth understanding of factors affecting PV system performance.
Mercury prediction in groundwater of Naameh Landfill using an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model
Authors: Kanj Farah , Sawaya Rana , Halwani Jalal , Nehmeh Nada 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMercury is a highly poisonous metal which is mostly found in environment. It is considered at the top of the parameters of water quality that requires investigations for planning and management. To understand the status of mercury in the groundwater of Naameh Landfill, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models were used as indicators of water quality and for the prediction of Mercury. Two types of feed forward networks have been used including multilayer perceptron (MLP) and radial basis function (RBF). A number of different MLP neural networks algorithms and RBF networks trained and developed with reference to pH, EC, TDS, TON, calcium and magnesium to predict Mercury concentration in groundwater. Six scenarios were used to train MLP and RBF networks for choosing the best-fit model for predicting water quality parameters in groundwater of Naameh Landfill. The performances of MLP and RBF models were evaluated by utilizing the coefficient of determination (R2). The results showed that the computed values of R2 for MLP and RBF were 0.791 and 0.881respectively. In addition, the prediction results showed that both types of networks are very good for predicting Mercury concentration in the ground water of our study area. Moreover, the results showed that there are mercury residues for 2 years ahead even if there is no discharge in this place. As a matter of fact, there are no studies that encompass status of heavy metals in municipal solid waste landfills in Lebanon or neighboring countries using ANN models. Thus, this study can be described as unique as it demonstrated a 9 year groundwater data (2011-2019), presented data and projected data for two upcoming years. This is crucial especially in the continual waste crisis that Lebanon is facing and the absence of sustainable disposal practices. This data is a rigid base and a solid reference for developing adequate solutions to prevent future contamination of groundwater with its associated negative impacts on the health and wellbeing of individuals.
Issues for recruitment and retention of clinical research professionals at academic medical centers: Part 1 – collaborative conversations Un-Meeting findings
Authors: Knapke Jacqueline M. , Snyder Denise C. , Carter Karen , Fitz-Gerald Meredith B. , Fritter Jessica , Kolb H. Robert , Marchant Mark , Mendell Angela , Petty Megan , Pullum Cherese , Jones Carolynn T. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background:
Identification of evidence-based factors related to status of the clinical research professional (CRP) workforce at academic medical centers (AMCs) will provide context for National Center for Advancing Translational Science (NCATS) policy considerations and guidance. The objective of this study is to explore barriers and opportunities related to the recruitment and retention of the CRP workforce.

Materials and Methods:
Qualitative data from a series of Un-Meeting breakout sessions and open-text survey questions were analyzed to explore barriers and recommendations for improving AMC CRP recruitment, retention and diversity.

Results:
While certain institutions have established competency-based frameworks for job descriptions, standardization remains generally lacking across CTSAs. AMCs report substantial increases in unfilled CRP positions leading to operational instability. Data confirmed an urgent need for closing gaps in CRP workforce at AMCs, especially for attracting, training, retaining, and diversifying qualified personnel. Improved collaboration with human resource departments, engagement with principal investigators, and overcoming both organizational and resource challenges were suggested strategies, as well as development of outreach to universities, community colleges, and high schools raising awareness of CRP career pathways.

Discussion:
Based on input from 130 CRP leaders at 35 CTSAs, four National Institute of General Medical Sciences’ Institutional Development Award (IDeA) program sites, along with industry and government representatives, we identified several barriers to successful recruitment and retention of a highly trained and diverse CRP workforce. Results, including securing institutional support, champions, standardizing and adopting proven national models, improving local institutional policies to facilitate CRP hiring and job progression point to potential solutions.
Additional floristic study of planktonic and seaweed-associated diatoms in Chuuk, Micronesia
Authors: Park Joon Sang , Lobban Christopher S. , Lee Kyun-Woo , Jung Seung Won 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe present study enhances knowledge of the biodiversity of diatoms in Chuuk, Micronesia following our 2018 study on the seaweed-associated diatoms. We collected planktonic samples of diatoms from five sites of reef flats using a 20 μm mesh net, and two samples of seaweeds with epiphytes by hand from an islet on the barrier reef. In addition, the seaweed-associated diatoms from our 2018 study were analysed using scanning electron microscopy. A total of 109 diatom taxa are documented in the present study. Of these, 70 species were from net samples, and 39 species from the seaweed-associated diatoms. Thirty-one species are newly recorded from Micronesian waters. Most taxa are benthic or tychoplanktonic; euplanktonic diatoms were rare. The occurrence of benthic diatoms from the water column might be related to the Chuuk environmental conditions which include shallow water, strong light intensity and high grazing pressure, to which benthic diatoms seem to be able to better adapt than planktonic diatoms.
Values, principles, strategies, and frameworks underlying patient and public involvement in health technology assessment and guideline development: a scoping review
Authors: Pinho-Gomes Ana-Catarina , Stone James , Shaw Toni , Heath Andrea , Cowl Jane , Norburn Laura , Thomas Victoria , Scott Sarah 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The importance of patient and public involvement (PPI) is recognized by agencies involved in health technology assessment (HTA) and guideline development. However, a comprehensive overview of the underlying PPI principles, values, strategies, and frameworks is lacking. This scoping review aimed to summarize the available evidence on principles, values, frameworks, and strategies underpinning PPI carried out by agencies involved in HTA and guideline development. A total of twelve records were included, of which four referred to guidelines and eight to HTA. Overall, this review demonstrated a lack of consistency in the definition and application of the concepts of values and principles to PPI in the context of guideline development and HTA. There was significant overlap between values and principles, with some broad themes emerging, such as representation, transparency, relevance, equity, fairness, and reconciling different types of knowledge. Frameworks were typically based on the stages of guideline development or HTA, despite heterogeneity in how stages were labeled and described. Strategies were also mapped to the stages of guideline development and HTA and varied substantially depending on the context and setting. Both strategies and frameworks demonstrated patients and the public can be involved, albeit to a variable extent, throughout the stages of guideline development and HTA. However, frameworks often failed to explicitly link the values and principles with the HTA and guideline development stages through actionable PPI strategies. Further research is warranted to better understand the values, principles, and frameworks underpinning PPI in guideline development and HTA.
Effectiveness of alteplase infusion for the management of prosthetic mitral valve thrombosis in paediatric age group and proposed algorithm
Authors: Mashali Mohamed H , Ahmad Zaheer , Omar Galal Mohammed , Al-Kouatli Amjad 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroduction:The incidence of prosthetic valve implantation is increasing in the paediatric population. Prosthetic valve thrombosis leading to obstruction could potentially be a life-threatening complication. There is a debate regarding optimal management of this complication, and there is limited use of thrombolytic therapy in childhood in the setting of valve thrombosis.Objective:We aim to share our experience of successfully using fibrinolytic therapy in terms of alteplase for paediatric prosthetic mitral valve thrombosis and to propose a management algorithm.Methods:This retrospective analysis of the database was conducted at our hospital including patients who underwent thrombolysis (alteplase) for prosthetic mitral valve thrombosis from June, 2011 to June, 2021. A total of 10 patients with 20 attempts of alteplase infusion were found in our record.Results:Alteplase was successful in 19 attempts to relieve valve thrombosis. The safe and effective dose of alteplase was between 0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg/hour. There were no associated major bleeding complications and alteplase was administered either by central or peripheral line.Conclusion:Thrombolysis by alteplase infusion was found to be successful in relief of prosthetic mitral valve thrombosis in paediatric population without major bleeding complications.
Successful transesophageal pacing in a very-low-birth-weight-infant with atrioventricular block
Authors: Nomura Ryunosuke , Shiraga Kazuhiro , Inuzuka Ryo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA baby with complete atrioventricular block was born with a birth weight of 1403 g. Isoproterenol was ineffective and emergency pacing was required. Since transcutaneous pacing was ineffective and transvenous pacing was untenable due to small body size, transesophageal pacing was performed for 3.5 hours until permanent pacemaker implantation. There were no complications. This is the first report of continuous transesophageal pacing in a very-low-birth-weight infant.
Torsion of wandering spleen after Fontan operation in a patient with situs inversus: a rare complication
Authors: Miyamura Fumiya , Matsuo Osamu , Nakamura Kimitoshi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTorsion of wandering spleen after the Fontan operation with situs inversus is rare.Here, we report the case of a 6-year-old girl with a single ventricle and complete situs inversus who developed torsion of wandering spleen due to splenomegaly caused by post-operative haemodynamics of the Fontan operation. The platelet count was suggested to be useful in predicting splenic torsion.
Describing the Challenges of Prehospital Rapid Sequence Intubation by Macintosh Blade Video Laryngoscopy Recordings
Authors: Hayes-Bradley Clare , Gemal Hugo , Miller Matthew , Ware Sandra 
Published: June 2022

AbstractStudy Objective:Structured review of video laryngoscopy recordings from physician team prehospital rapid sequence intubations (RSIs) may provide new insights into why prehospital intubations are difficult. The aim was to use laryngoscope video recordings to give information on timings, observed features of the airway, laryngoscopy technique, and laryngoscope performance. This was to both describe prehospital airways and to investigate which factors were associated with increased time taken to intubate.Methods:Sydney Helicopter Emergency Medical Service (HEMS; the aeromedical wing of New South Wales Ambulance, Australia) has a database recording all intubations. The database comprises free-text case detail, airway dataset, scanned case sheet, and uploaded laryngoscope video. The teams of critical care paramedic and doctor use protocol-led intubations with a C-MAC Macintosh size four laryngoscope and intubation adjunct. First-pass intubation rate is approximately 97%. Available video recordings and their database entries were retrospectively analyzed for pre-specified qualitative and quantitative factors.Results:Prehospital RSI video recordings were available for 385 cases from January 2018 through July 2020. Timings revealed a median of 58 seconds of apnea from laryngoscope entering mouth to ventilations. Median time to intubate (laryngoscope passing lips until tracheal tube inserted) was 35 seconds, interquartile range 28-46 seconds. Suction was required prior to intubation in 29% of prehospital RSIs. Fogging of the camera lens at time of laryngoscopy occurred in 28%. Logistic regression revealed longer time to intubate was associated with airway soiling, Cormack-Lehane Grade 2 or 3, multiple bougie passes, or change of bougie.Conclusion:Video recordings averaging 35 seconds for first-pass success prehospital RSI with an adjunct give bed-side “definitions of difficulty” of 30 seconds for no glottic view, 45 seconds for no bougie placement, and 60 seconds for no endotracheal tube placement. Awareness of apnea duration can help guide decision making for oxygenation. All emergency intubators need to be cognizant of the need for suctioning. Improving the management of bloodied airways and bougie usage may reduce laryngoscopy duration and be a focus for training. Video screen fogging and missed recordings from some patients may be something manufacturers can address in the future.
Political Survival through Religious Instrumentalism: Jamiat Ulama-e-Islam Fazlur Rehman's Resistance to Madrassah Reforms in Pakistan
Authors: Shah Abdur Rehman , Qazi Afsah 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPakistan has strived though unsuccessfully to introduce reforms into thousands of religious seminaries. Among the different sects of seminaries, Deobandi madaris which are mostly led by Jamiat Ulama-e-Islam Fazlur Rehman (JUI-F) have posed the greatest challenge. This paper seeks to analyze why and how JUI-F obstructs the state's attempts of convincing madaris for reforms. Based on the findings of elite group interviews and constructs of “elite instrumentalism” and “political survival theory,” this study argues that JUI-F has political interests, both strategic-cum-existential and tactical, at stake in resisting these reforms. This study of Fazlur Rehman's behavior vis-à-vis state's madrassah reform initiatives allows one to bring home the theoretical premises set by “political survival theory” and “elite instrumentalism.” Accordingly, JUI-F opposes madrassah reforms because the instrumental use of religion (madaris) has long been vital for retaining its political power which in turn has ensured party's political survival.