bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential spawning grounds of phytophilic fish under a shifting hydrological regime in Poyang Lake, China
Authors: Li Qiyue , Dai Xiaofeng , Liu Ying , Devlin Adam Thomas , Lai Geying , Wang Weiping 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe quality and effectiveness of fish spawning grounds are of great significance to the conservation of freshwater systems, and the distribution of spawning grounds is critical to clearly identify. This study combines a hydrodynamic model and satellite imagery to determine potential spawning grounds in the largest freshwater lake in China. Results revealed that the increase in vegetation in Poyang Lake led to an expansion of potential spawning grounds towards the centre of the lake due to a water level decrease since 2000. The mean spawning grounds area in Poyang Lake declined from 482.51 to 814.40 km2 after 2005 and average bathymetry decreased from 12.29 to 10.49 m. The current nature reserve holds 18.26% of the total spawning grounds, while sub‐lakes hold 34.02% of the total. The constant area of spawning grounds under typical scenarios should be the baseline for future conservation.
Effect of job applicant faking and cognitive ability on self‐other agreement and criterion validity of personality assessments
Authors: Wood Joshua K. , Anglim Jeromy , Horwood Sharon 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study examined the effect of job applicant faking on the validity of personality assessments, including self‐other correlations, criterion validity, and cognitive ability correlates. By using a large sample, multiple other‐raters, a repeated‐measures design, and a realistic simulated job application, it sought to provide the most precise estimates to date of the effect of the applicant context on self‐other correlations, as well as the influence of cognitive ability on faking. Undergraduate psychology students (n = 584) completed a measure of Big Five personality (i.e., International Personality Item Pool NEO) in both a low‐stakes and a simulated job applicant context. Participants completed measures of intelligence (i.e., International Cognitive Ability Resource) and personality‐relevant objective criteria (e.g., university grades), and had an average of 3 other raters rate their personality (n = 1831). Responses to the Big Five scales were more socially desirable in the applicant context (average d = 0.58), with notable decreases in reported Neuroticism and increases in Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, and Extraversion. Average self‐other correlations declined by 24% from .59 in the low‐stakes to .45 in the applicant context. Cognitive ability was positively correlated with magnitude of faking. In the applicant context, criterion validities declined minimally. Results suggest response distortion by job applicants results in modest reductions in the accuracy and criterion validity of personality assessments.
Solar energy‐based extraction of essential oils from cloves, cinnamon, orange, lemon, eucalyptus, and cardamom: A clean energy technology for green extraction
Authors: Al‐Hilphy Asaad Rehman , Ahmed Abdul‐Hadi K. , Gavahian Mohsen , Chen Ho‐Hsien , Chemat Farid , Al‐Behadli Thamer‐K.M. , Mohd Nor Mohd Zuhair , Ahmad So'bah 
Published: March 2022

AbstractConventional essential oil extraction systems cannot meet the green extraction concepts and sustainable development goals (SDGs). Therefore, there is a need to develop alternative systems based on clean energy. The present study aims to investigate the possibility of essential oil extraction using solar energy without utilizing synthetic solvents. Hence, an eco‐friendly solar energy‐based extraction system (SEE) was developed to extract essential oils from cloves and cinnamon barks, orange and lemon peels, eucalyptus leaves, and cardamom seeds. Essential oils were assessed in terms of yield, physical properties, and chemical composition using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry assay. Also, the process sustainability was analyzed by the green extraction evaluation approach, and results were compared with those of traditional hydro‐distillation (THD). Replacing THD with SEE increased the extraction time by 0.65, 0.80, 0.41, 0.61, 0.39, and 0.45 h for processing clove, cinnamon, orange, lemon, eucalyptus, and cardamom, respectively. The optimum solar radiation for extraction was about 1000 W/m2. Also, oxygen compounds (96.45, 79.640, 42.98, and 83.76%) comprised the main proportion in the clove, cinnamon, eucalyptus, and cardamom essential oils, while orange and lemon essential oils had a high presence of terpenes. Furthermore, essential oils obtained by SEE had a similar yield and alcohol solubility to THD. According to green extraction process analysis, solar energy‐based extraction was 23–34% greener than THD, depending on the type of plant material.Practical ApplicationsThe innovative solar‐based extraction system designed and developed in this research can be used at farms and small factories to obtain essential oils using the zero‐energy concept. From the energy consumption viewpoint, this technology can be regarded as “free process” which can reduce production costs. Also, the unique design of the heating section of this new system prevents overheating of the sample, making this new solar‐based system suitable for the extraction of thermolabile compounds from plant materials. In this sense, obtaining a high‐quality essential oil without running cost (in terms of electricity cost), relatively small size, and low capital cost makes this system practical for future applications.
Role of protected area in reducing marine and plastic litter: A case study from India's first Marine Protected Area and comparison with Non‐Protected Areas
Authors: Baroth Anju , Mamgain Sonalika , Sivakumar Kuppusamy , Hatkar Prachi Sachchidanand , Pathan Sameeha 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis research is the first to assess marine litter and plastic pollution in India's first marine protected area (MPA), the Gulf of Kachchh Marine Protected Area (GOKMPA). We compare it to two non‐protected areas, that is, Okha Beach and Beyt Dwarka, known for their high industrial and tourist activity, respectively. Standing‐stock surveys were used to collect primary litter data, while questionnaire surveys were used to learn about people's perception and attitude towards the plastic pollution problem in the study area. We found that plastic was the most common component of the litter at all the sites and that it was primarily of terrestrial origin. Compared to non‐protected sites, GOKMPA had the lowest litter density but the highest proportion of plastic litter. Single‐use plastic bottles were the most counted items at all the sites, regardless of the conservation status of the sites. The majority of people (locals, visitors, and fishers) around these sites expressed concern about waste but were hesitant to take responsibility and discourage or prevent littering. We noted that designating coastal territories as protected areas helps in reducing plastic pollution while also conserving habitat and biodiversity. However, this could change rapidly due to either mishandling of litter within MPAs or neighboring non‐PAs, and also because plastics pose an actual toxicity risk when present even at minimal concentrations in the environment. We recommend combining preventive, mitigating, and curative measures in areas where risk hotspots for plastic litter are identified, and such sites must be constantly monitored. Long‐term solutions could include transitioning from a linear to a circular economy, which would involve goals for reducing plastic waste and instituting more sustainable production and consumption patterns.
Digital Workflow in Implant Treatment Planning For Terminal Dentition Patients
Authors: Papaspyridakos Panos , Bedrossian Armand , De Souza Andre , Bokhary Abdullah , Gonzaga Luiz , Chochlidakis Konstantinos 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTreatment planning for the transition of patients from terminal dentition to full‐arch implant rehabilitation poses challenges. Such challenges pertain to achieving the new orientation of the occlusal and esthetic plane as well as the change of vertical dimension of occlusion (VDO), while the fixed provisionalization using a digital workflow still tends to be considered complex and hard to perform. This article illustrates step‐by‐step the utilization of a digital workflow protocol in the treatment planning for rehabilitation of terminal dentition patients, simplifying the smile design and ensuring that fixed provisionalization serves both functional and esthetic requirements. This protocol includes facially driven, three‐dimensional (3D) digital smile design and chairside mock‐up restoration workflows that enable prosthetically driven assessment prior to implant treatment planning and 3D printing of surgical templates and prefabricated interim prostheses, which can predictably reduce chairside time and adjustments at the surgical and fixed provisionalization appointment.
Evaluation of the Effect of Different Construction Techniques of CAD‐CAM Milled, 3D‐Printed, and Polyamide Denture Base Resins on Flexural Strength: An In Vitro Comparative Study
Authors: Zeidan Ahmed Abd El‐latif , Sherif Ahmed Fadlallah , Baraka Yasser , Abualsaud Reem , Abdelrahim Ramy Abdallah , Gad Mohammed M. , Helal Mohamed A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPurposeTo compare the flexural strength of computer‐aided design and computer‐aided manufacturing (CAD‐CAM) milled denture base resin (DBR), 3D‐printed DBR, polyamide, and conventional compression‐molded DBR.Materials and MethodsSix denture base resins were used, one conventional heat‐polymerized (Vertex), two milled CAD‐CAM (AvaDent and Polident), two 3D‐printed (Harz and NextDent), and one flexible polyamide (Polyamide). According to ISO 20795‐1:2013, 60 specimens (65×10×3 mm) were constructed and divided into six groups (n = 10), according to DBR type. The flexural strength was measured using a universal testing machine and three‐point loading test. Data were collected and analyzed using one‐way ANOVA and Tukey's pair‐wise post hoc tests (α = 0.05).ResultsOne‐way ANOVA results showed significant differences in flexural strengths between the tested DBRs (p˂0.001). Milled denture base resins (AvaDent and Polident) had significantly higher flexural strength values than the other groups (p˂0.001) and were followed by Vertex and NextDent, while Polyamide and Harz had the lowest values. Polyamide and Harz denture base resins had significantly lower flexural strength values than conventional denture base resin (p˂0.001).ConclusionCAD‐CAM milled DBRs showed the highest flexural strength when compared with conventional compression‐molded or 3D‐printed DBRs, while 3D‐printed DBRs and polyamide showed the lowest flexural strengths.
Patent as security in insolvency process: Problems and solutions
Authors: Zachariah Nimmy Saira 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThere are various ways by which a company can raise funds. The easiest is through debt financing, that is creating debt securities. When a debt is created, a security equivalent to the debt amount is given by the debtor as “collateral.” The “collateral” can either be a tangible or intangible asset. Tangible assets are those which could be perceived by senses while intangibles include intellectual property rights of a company. Usually, the documents of IP rights are used to create security interest. The created IP sometimes will be again used to create a pledge, in that case, the question as to who will have the authority of the property is still not clarified in Indian laws. The paper tries to cover international principles that could be applied such rule of perfection to cater to the development of a solution.
Future‐proofing the koala: Synergising genomic and environmental data for effective species management
Authors: Lott Matthew J. , Wright Belinda R. , Neaves Linda E. , Frankham Greta J. , Dennison Siobhan , Eldridge Mark D. B. , Potter Sally , Alquezar‐Planas David E. , Hogg Carolyn J. , Belov Katherine , Johnson Rebecca N. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractClimatic and evolutionary processes are inextricably linked to conservation. Avoiding extinction in rapidly changing environments often depends upon a species’ capacity to adapt in the face of extreme selective pressures. Here, we employed exon capture and high‐throughput next‐generation sequencing to investigate the mechanisms underlying population structure and adaptive genetic variation in the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus), an iconic Australian marsupial that represents a unique conservation challenge because it is not uniformly threatened across its range. An examination of 250 specimens representing 91 wild source locations revealed that five major genetic clusters currently exist on a continental scale. The initial divergence of these clusters appears to have been concordant with the Mid‐Brunhes Transition (~430 to 300 kya), a major climatic reorganisation that increased the amplitude of Pleistocene glacial‐interglacial cycles. While signatures of polygenic selection and environmental adaptation were detected, strong evidence for repeated, climate‐associated range contractions and demographic bottleneck events suggests that geographically isolated refugia may have played a more significant role in the survival of the koala through the Pleistocene glaciation than in situ adaptation. Consequently, the conservation of genome‐wide genetic variation must be aligned with the protection of core koala habitat to increase the resilience of vulnerable populations to accelerating anthropogenic threats. Finally, we propose that the five major genetic clusters identified in this study should be accounted for in future koala conservation efforts (e.g., guiding translocations), as existing management divisions in the states of Queensland and New South Wales do not reflect historic or contemporary population structure.
The Limits of the Law
Authors: Zanetti Gianfrancesco 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper scrutinizes the notion of the limits of the law by contrasting the narrative of the autonomy and independence of legal systems with the alternative narratives the law itself can acknowledge. If the limits of the law can dwell in this acknowledgment of alternative narratives, such limits will turn out to be neither reassuring borders nor protective walls. In the interstitial spaces between narratives may dwell a notion of limits of the law that probably cannot be captured by any geographic‐border metaphor.
Origin and distribution of calcite cements in a folded fluvial succession: The Puig‐reig anticline (south‐eastern Pyrenees)
Authors: Sun Xiaolong , Gomez‐Rivas Enrique , Cruset David , Alcalde Juan , Muñoz‐López Daniel , Cantarero Irene , Martín‐Martín Juan Diego , John Cédric M. , Travé Anna 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAs one of the predominant diagenetic products in clastic rocks, calcite cements are typical fingerprints of cement‐forming fluids and are key controls on reservoir quality. The Puig‐reig anticline, in the south‐eastern Pyrenees (Spain), exposes excellent outcrops of conglomerates, sandstones and claystones, which were deposited from a proximal to medial fluvial system and underwent folding, fracturing and cementation. This anticline constitutes an appropriate case study to investigate the origin and distribution of calcite cements during folding evolution and how they affect reservoir quality. Based on structural, petrographic and geochemical analyses (carbon, oxygen, strontium and clumped isotopes and elemental composition), five generations of calcite cements (‘Cc0’ to ‘Cc4’) have been identified, filling intergranular porosity of host rocks, faults and four fracture sets (F1 to F4). Calcite cement Cc0 precipitated in intergranular porosity from meteoric fluids in the phreatic zone during the early diagenetic stage. During the most intense phase of thrusting and folding, Cc1 precipitated in intergranular porosity, faults and F1 to F4 fracture sets from hydrothermal fluids that migrated from deeper areas of the Pyrenean chain. During the late stage of fold growth, Cc2 precipitated in faults and their associated fractures in the anticline crest from hydrothermal fluids but at shallower burial depths than that of Cc1. Calcite cement Cc3 mainly precipitated in fractures with the same strike as F1 and F4 fracture sets in the north‐western part of the anticline, from formation fluids that probably migrated through the frontal thrust of the south‐eastern Pyrenees. During the continuous fold denudation, Cc4 precipitated from meteoric fluids in F1 to F4 fracture sets across the anticline. Results indicate that at foreland basin margins, external fluids coeval with compressional deformation and/or alteration of detrital carbonates contribute to intensive calcite cementation. This can result in an overall occlusion of porosity and significantly damaged reservoir quality.
Logistic Model of Population Toxicodynamics
Authors: Danilov-Danilyan V. I. , Rozental O. M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The effect of pollutant in water on a population of aquatic organisms as a function of exposure time is studied. Natural assumptions are formulated regarding the character of this process, primarily, the linear relationship between the rate of decrease in the population, on the one hand, and the population size and the number of organisms killed by intoxication, on the other hand. The formulated assumptions are used to construct a model of population toxicodynamics, which describes the kinetics of suppression of the population by a logistic function. The results of model calculations are shown to agree with the available experimental data, thus justifying the formulated assumptions regarding the character of the intoxication process. An extension of the model is proposed through the incorporation of the dependence of the result of intoxication on pollutant concentration by the well-known Haber’s formula. The developed model was used to propose an equation of regulated toxicodynamics for organization of water use without violation of the regime of natural functioning of ecosystems. The obtained specification of the notions of the mechanisms of intoxication process is necessary for the substantiation of hygienic standards on the concentration of chemicals in water, forecasts of biodiversity, and the choice of measures for supporting weak components of trophic chains in aquatic ecosystems.
Multidrug-resistant keratitis: challenging yet manageable
Authors: Sahoo Sonali , Alluri Himabindu , Mitra Sanchita , Priyadarshini Smrutirekha , Sahu Srikant K , Mohanty Amrita , Das Sujata 
Published: March 2022

PurposeTo study the incidence, clinical features and outcomes of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial keratitis.MethodsAll cases of MDR-bacterial keratitis presenting to our institute over a period of 2 years were retrospectively analysed. Details of risk factors, size and depth of infiltrate, treatment, and outcome were noted. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were done on the ocular isolates from the culture of samples obtained from ocular infections, and resistance or sensitivity of the organisms to the commonly used antibiotics was studied.ResultsForty patients were diagnosed with MDR-bacterial keratitis in the study period. The mean age of patients was 50.9±25.4 years. Most common risk factors were vegetative trauma (n=12, 30.0%), followed by corneal transplantation (n=7, 17.5%) and systemic comorbidities (n=7, 17.5%). Infiltrate was small (<6 mm) in 22 (55%) and large (>6 mm) in 18 (45%) patients. It involved the superficial, mid and deep stroma in 11 (27.5%), 9 (22.5%) and 15 (37.5%) cases, respectively. Gram-negative bacilli (n=18, 45%) were the maximum, among whichPseudomonas aeruginosa(15%) was the most common. Resistance to 3 (n=17, 42.5%) and 4 (n=17, 42.5%) classes of antibiotics was the most commonly observed. One (2.5%) patient showed resistance to all seven classes of drugs tested. Complete resolution of infection was seen in 15 (37.5%) MDR patients on medical management alone. Five (12.5%) patients underwent therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty. Size of the infiltrate was found to have a significant correlation with the outcome (p=0.002).ConclusionMDR keratitis, despite being a challenge to treat, can be successfully managed by medical therapy alone, if appropriate therapy is started early in the clinical course.
Succinic acid exacerbates experimental autoimmune uveitis by stimulating neutrophil extracellular traps formation via SUCNR1 receptor
Authors: Li Hongxi , Tan Handan , Liu Zhangluxi , Pan Su , Tan Shiyao , Zhu Yunyun , Wang Qingfeng , Su Guannan , Zhou Chunjiang , Cao Qingfeng , Yang Peizeng 
Published: March 2022

AimsTo investigate the effect of succinic acid on the development of experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) and the underlying mechanism.MethodsSuccinic acid was administrated intraperitoneally to evaluate its effects on immune response and EAU in mice. Intraocular inflammation was evaluated by histopathological scoring. Frequencies of Th1/Th17 cells were measured by flow cytometry. Concentrations of IFN-γ/IL-17A, neutrophil elastase (NE) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent test. Infiltration of neutrophils and generation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) within the eye were assessed by immumofluorescence. NETs formation in extracellular matrix was visualised by laser scanning confocal microscopy. Succinate receptor (SUCNR1) antagonist was used to investigate its effect on the generation of NETs.ResultsIntraperitoneal injection of succinic acid exacerbated EAU severity as evidenced by severe histological changes in association with elevated frequencies of splenic Th1/Th17 cells, and upregulated levels of IFN-γ/IL-17A and NETs in plasma. In vitro experiments showed that succinic acid could promote the generation of NETs by neutrophils as shown by increased expression of NE and MPO.NETs could increase the frequencies of Th1/Th17 cells in CD4+T cells and their expression of IFN-γ/IL-17A. In the experiment of receptor antagonism, the upregulatory effect of succinic acid on NETs could be significantly blocked by SUCNR1 antagonist.ConclusionsSuccinic acid could worsen EAU induced by IRBP in mice. This effect was possibly mediated by its upregulation on NETs generation and frequencies of Th1/Th17 cells in affiliation with increased production of IFN-γ/IL-17A through succinic acid-SUCNR1 axis.