bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
2‐Aminoethylphosphonate utilization in Pseudomonas putida BIRD‐1 is controlled by multiple master regulators
Authors: Murphy Andrew R. J. , Scanlan David J. , Chen Yin , Bending Gary D. , Hammond John P. , Wellington Elizabeth M. H. , Lidbury Ian D. E. A. 
Published: March 2022

SummaryBacteria possess various regulatory mechanisms to detect and coordinate a response to elemental nutrient limitation. In pseudomonads, the two‐component system regulators CbrAB, NtrBC and PhoBR, are responsible for regulating cellular response to carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) respectively. Phosphonates are reduced organophosphorus compounds produced by a broad range of biota and typified by a direct C‐P bond. Numerous pseudomonads can use the environmentally abundant phosphonate species 2‐aminoethylphosphonate (2AEP) as a source of C, N, or P, but only PhoBR has been shown to play a role in 2AEP utilization. On the other hand, utilization of 2AEP as a C and N source is considered substrate inducible. Here, using the plant‐growth‐promoting rhizobacterium Pseudomonas putida BIRD‐1 we present evidence that 2AEP utilization is under dual regulation and only occurs upon depletion of C, N, or P, controlled by CbrAB, NtrBC, or PhoBR respectively. However, the presence of 2AEP was necessary for full gene expression, i.e. expression was substrate inducible. Mutation of a LysR‐type regulator, termed AepR, upstream of the 2AEP transaminase‐phosphonatase system (PhnWX), confirmed this dual regulatory mechanism. To our knowledge, this is the first study identifying coordination between global stress response and substrate‐specific regulators in phosphonate metabolism.
Looking Backwards, Moving Forwards: The Ahmed Iqbal Ullah RACE Centre and Education Trust, Community Activism and Public History Programming
Authors: Islam Safina , West E. James 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFounded in memory of a Bangladeshi schoolboy who was stabbed to death in a racially motivated attack in 1986, the Ahmed Iqbal Ullah Education Trust works to archive the life stories of racial and ethnic minority communities in Greater Manchester. The Trust is partnered with the Ahmed Iqbal Ullah RACE (Race Archives and Community Engagement) Centre, a specialist library focusing on the history of race, ethnicity and migration. This roundtable with former and current trustees and Centre employees reflects on the impressive development of both Trust and Centre over the past two decades. Today housed in an attractive new space at Manchester Central Library, the Centre is a vital part of the University of Manchester library network and Archives+, a partnership of archival and local history organisations. Similarly, the Trust's public history programming now includes a wealth of oral history and archiving projects, the publication of multicultural children's books, the creation of anti‐racist curriculum resources in collaboration with local schools, and other community‐based events and exhibitions. However, these successes have been hard‐won and, at times, hotly contested. We discuss the challenges of developing the Centre's collections and visibility, the evolution of the Trust's public history programming, and their shared importance and future ambitions.
“There's just too many”: The construction of immigration as a social problem
Authors: Pattison James 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article presents findings collected in 2016–2017 from a multi‐method ethnographic study of Shirebrook, Derbyshire in the English East Midlands, examining the narratives used by the local authority (LA) and local residents that construct immigration as a social problem. In doing so, it contributes to the literature on race and migration by extending analysis beyond metropolitan localities with long histories of multi‐ethnic settlement, to consider a relatively small, peripheral former colliery town. The paper demonstrates how migration is framed as a social problem by central government funding streams with consequences for localities, and the influence this has on local narratives of social change. The construction of immigration as a social problem is rooted in the constraints of austerity and longer‐term processes of deindustrialization and economic restructuring, with representations and understandings of place being constitutive of anti‐immigrant sentiment. This article deepens our understanding of responses to immigration in the UK, and has broader implications for understanding the relationship between place, state polices and local narratives.
Relationships between work–environment characteristics and behavioral health provider burnout in the Veterans Health Administration
Authors: Zivin Kara , Chang Ming‐Un Myron , Van Tony , Osatuke Katerine , Boden Matt , Sripada Rebecca K. , Abraham Kristen M. , Pfeiffer Paul N. , Kim Hyungjin Myra 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo identify work–environment characteristics associated with Veterans Health Administration (VHA) behavioral health provider (BHP) burnout among psychiatrists, psychologists, and social workers.Data SourcesThe 2015–2018 data from Annual All Employee Survey (AES); Mental Health Provider Survey (MHPS); N = 57,397 respondents; facility‐level Mental Health Onboard Clinical (MHOC) staffing and productivity data, N = 140 facilities.Study DesignFor AES and MHPS separately, we used mixed‐effects logistic regression to predict BHP burnout using surveys from year pairs (2015–2016, 2016–2017, 2017–2018; six models). Within each year‐pair, we used the earlier year of data to train models and tested the model in the later year, with burnout (emotional exhaustion and/or depersonalization) as the outcome for each survey. We used potentially modifiable work–environment characteristics as predictors, controlling for employee demographic characteristics as covariates, and employment facility as random intercepts.Data Collection/Extraction MethodsWe included work–environment predictors that appeared in all 4 years (11 in AES; 17 in MHPS).Principal FindingsIn 2015–2018, 31.0%–38.0% of BHPs reported burnout in AES or MHPS. Work characteristics consistently associated with significantly lower burnout were included for AES: reasonable workload; having appropriate resources to perform a job well; supervisors address concerns; given an opportunity to improve skills. For MHPS, characteristics included: reasonable workload; work improves veterans' lives; mental health care provided is well‐coordinated; and three reverse‐coded items: staffing vacancies; daily work that clerical/support staff could complete; and collateral duties reduce availability for patient care. Facility‐level staffing ratios and productivity did not significantly predict individual‐level burnout. Workload represented the strongest predictor of burnout in both surveys.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated substantial, ongoing impacts that having appropriate resources including staff, workload, and supervisor support had on VHA BHP burnout. VHA may consider investing in approaches to mitigate the impact of BHP burnout on employees and their patients through providing staff supports, managing workload, and goal setting.
Advanced forensic procedure for the authentication of audio recordings generated by Voice Memos application of iOS14
Authors: Park Nam In , Shim Kyu‐Sun , Lee Ji Woo , Kim Jin‐Hwan , Lim Seong Ho , Byun Jun Seok , Kim Yong Jin , Jeon Oc‐Yeub 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this study, we propose an advanced forensic examination procedure for audio recordings generated by the Voice Memos application with iPhone Operation System (iOS)14, to verify that these are the original recordings and have not been manipulated. The proposed examination procedure consists of an analysis of the characteristics of audio recordings and of the file system of the device storing the audio recordings. To analyze the characteristics of audio recordings, we compare the encoding parameters (bitrate, sampling rate, timestamps, etc.) and the file structure to determine whether audio recordings were manipulated. Next, in the device examination step, we analyze the media‐log history and temporary files of the file system obtained by mobile forensic tools. For comparative analysis, a total of 100 audio recording samples were obtained through the Voice Memos application from five iPhone mobile handsets of different models with iOS14 installed using Advanced audio coding (AAC) or Apple lossless audio codec (ALAC). As a result of analyzing the encoding parameters between the original and manipulated audio recordings, as well as the temporary files contained in the device file system, the difference in the encoding parameters and the very unique trace of the original audio recordings in the temporary files were confirmed when manipulating the audio recordings. In particular, the primary advantage of our proposed method is its potential ability to recover original audio recordings that were subsequently manipulated via the temporary files examined in the device file system analysis.
Tropical wood stores substantial amounts of nutrients, but we have limited understanding why
Authors: Bauters Marijn , Grau Oriol , Doetterl Sebastian , Heineman Katherine D. , Dalling James W. , Prada Cecilia M. , Griepentrog Marco , Malhi Yadvinder , Riutta Terhi , Scalon Marina , Oliveras Imma , Inagawa Takeshi , Majalap Noreen , Beeckman Hans , Van den Bulcke Jan , Perring Michael P. , Dourdain Aurélie , Hérault Bruno , Vermeir Pieter , Makelele Isaac A. , Fernández Pere R. , Sardans Jordi , Peñuelas Josep , Janssens Ivan A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRock‐derived nutrients such as calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) are essential plant resources, yet depleted in highly weathered tropical soils, leading to nutrient limitation of productivity or other ecosystem processes. Despite this, substantial amounts of rock‐derived nutrients occur within wood, which raises questions about the role that wood nutrients play in the ecology of tropical forests. Using data from forests across the tropics, we quantify wood nutrient stocks at individual tree and ecosystem levels. At the ecosystem level, we show that tropical wood can store substantial amounts of rock‐derived nutrients. Furthermore, on a tree level, tree species vary widely in woody nutrient concentrations. These observations raise important questions as to the biogeochemical or ecological drivers that lead to this variability, as well as the role that woody tissue plays in the buffering and cycling of nutrients. We offer some potential explanations and direction for future research to explore this under‐appreciated but sizable store of inorganic nutrients in tropical biomass.
Relationships matter: Exploring the implementation of the Quality Parenting Initiative and the foster parent experience
Authors: Lewis Ericka M. , Murugan Vithya , Williams Kimberly A. , Barth Richard P. , Lee Bethany R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractQuality Parenting Initiative (QPI) is a systems reform approach aimed at strengthening the quality parenting practices of foster parents, and their support by child welfare workers. QPI has been implemented in over 80 jurisdictions across 10 states; however, no external evaluation has informed its development. This study explored perceptions of QPI's impact on the foster parent experience, with a particular focus on foster parent involvement in implementation efforts and strengthening stakeholder relationships. Semi‐structured qualitative interviews were conducted with non‐relative foster parents (N = 31). Data were analysed through thematic analysis, and a codebook was developed to adequately capture patterns in perspectives across the interviews. Study findings indicate that QPI improved the relationships between foster and birth parents through specialized training and peer‐support groups that challenged biases, articulated the roles and expectations of caregivers, and cultivated a team‐based approach to meet the best interests of children in care. Foster care agencies may benefit from incorporating strategies that promote frequent, positive interactions across stakeholders. Strengthening these relationships may be the first step in reimagining the roles of foster parents in family reunification.
Comparison of semi‐empirical and density functional approaches for the colour and constitution of anthraquinone dyes using X‐ray structure
Authors: Hwang Ji‐yong , Kim Sunghoon , Matsumoto Shinya 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTheoretical calculations with density functional theory, semi‐empirical PM5 random phase approximation and Zerner's intermediate neglect of differential overlap CI were carried out for various amino and hydroxy anthraquinones using X‐ray structure data. Comparing quantum chemical calculation results based on X‐ray structure, the PM5 random phase approximation method was the most promising for the prediction of λmax for anthraquinone dyes among the computational methods studied here. From the results of calculated gross population, pz, it was found that the value of pz using the time‐dependent density functional theory method was greater than the values calculated by semi‐empirical methods. The overestimation of pz could be attributed to the incorrect density functional theory calculation results. The results of PM5 random phase approximation‐calculated oscillator strength and torsion angle showed reasonable agreement with the observed results for sterically hindered anthraquinone dyes.
Caregiver assessment of quality of life in individuals with genetic developmental and epileptic encephalopathies
Authors: Cohen Stacey R. , Helbig Ingo , Kaufman Michael C. , Schust Myers Leah , Conway Laura , Helbig Katherine L. 
Published: March 2022

AimTo summarize quality of life (QoL) and its determinants, including disease severity, in individuals with developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs) through a tailored questionnaire.MethodA questionnaire containing 89 items addressing demographic characteristics, genetic diagnosis, clinical features, and QoL was distributed to primary caregivers of individuals with DEEs through patient advocacy organizations. Composite scores were generated from the mean values of QoL items, grouped into domain scores.ResultsOut of 176 received responses, the most common genetic diagnoses reported were SCN2A (n=42/173, 24%), SLC6A1 (n=28/173, 16%), SCN1A (n=22/173, 13%), and KCNQ2 (n=21/173, 12%). Composite QoL scores centered around a mean score of 61.67 of 100 (SD 17.10). QoL scores were strongly associated with the number of days minimally disrupted by seizures, medication side effects, genetic diagnosis, and community type. The mean QoL scores for individuals with DEEs was significantly lower than for individuals with Rett syndrome, cerebral palsy, autism spectrum disorder, and Down syndrome.InterpretationQoL in DEEs can be assessed through a standardized instrument. QoL only partially overlaps with objective measurements of disease severity and may represent an independent outcome measure in precision medicine trials.
Cortical complexity estimation using fractal dimension: A systematic review of the literature on clinical and nonclinical samples
Authors: Meregalli Valentina , Alberti Francesco , Madan Christopher R. , Meneguzzo Paolo , Miola Alessandro , Trevisan Nicolò , Sambataro Fabio , Favaro Angela , Collantoni Enrico 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFractal geometry has recently been proposed as a useful tool for characterizing the complexity of the brain cortex, which is likely to derive from the recurrence of sulci–gyri convolution patterns. The index used to describe the cortical complexity is called fractal dimensional (FD) and was employed by different research exploring the neurobiological correlates of distinct pathological and nonpathological conditions. This review aims to describe the literature on the application of this index, summarize the heterogeneities between studies and inform future research on this topic. Sixty‐two studies were included in the systematic review. The main research lines concern neurodevelopment, aging and the neurobiology of specific psychiatric and neurological disorders. Overall, the included papers indicate that cortical complexity is likely to reduce during aging and in various pathological processes affecting the brain. Nevertheless, the high heterogeneity between studies strongly prevents the possibility of drawing conclusions. Further research considering this index besides other morphological values is needed to better clarify the role of FD in characterizing the cortical structure.
The ratchetting and retained austenite transformation of medium‐manganese transformation‐induced plasticity steel during asymmetrical cyclic stressing
Authors: Chang Shuxin , Zhang Juan , Zhu Zhiwu , Kang Guozheng , Peng Lei , Huang Xingmin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe uniaxial ratchetting behavior and cyclic softening/hardening characteristics of Fe‐0.4C‐7Mn‐3.2Al steel are revealed by cyclic loading experiments. Electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analyses have been carried out for assessing retained austenite (RA) transformation during cyclic deformation. Fe‐0.4C‐7Mn‐3.2Al steel exhibits a gradual transition from cyclic stabilization to slight cyclic hardening with increasing strain amplitude. RA transformation is one of the reasons for cyclic hardening. The ratchetting of Fe‐0.4C‐7Mn‐3.2Al steel shows two different characteristics under asymmetrical cyclic stressing. When the stress amplitude is below a certain value, the ratchetting is similar to that of typical cyclic stabilized materials in three stages of deceleration, stabilization and acceleration. However, when the stress amplitude reaches a certain level, the ratchetting evolution accelerates from the beginning to the fracture. The results show that the interaction between transformation‐induced plasticity and ratchetting strain can lead to accelerated accumulation of plastic strain.
Theorizing the persistence of local–foreign inequality in international development organizations through the analytic of coloniality
Authors: Cook‐Lundgren Emily 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper theorizes the persistence of inequality between “local” and “foreign” staff in international development organizations. This is a perplexing phenomenon given these organizations' aims of equality and improving lives. The paper draws on qualitative empirical material generated over a three‐month period at an American‐founded development organization in Nairobi, Kenya, including 33 interviews, observation, and organizational documents. Working with the analytic of coloniality, the analysis illustrates how unequal relations persist through the naturalization of racial difference that valorizes Western epistemic perspectives and legitimizes foreign–local difference. The onto‐epistemic grounding of this difference is obscured by organizational discourses of equality, meritocracy, and unity, which enable their persistence. In this paper, I explicate “foreign”–“local” inequality as an effect of the coloniality of development management. By demonstrating how colonial relations of domination enable contemporary inequality, this paper advances an understanding of colonial continuities in development organizations, and contributes to efforts to foreground issues of race in both organizations and international development.
Risk factors for postoperative ileus after robot‐assisted radical cystectomy with intracorporeal urinary diversion
Authors: Zennami Kenji , Sumitomo Makoto , Hasegawa Kyu , Kozako Masaki , Takahara Kiyoshi , Nukaya Takuhisa , Takenaka Masashi , Fukaya Kosuke , Ichino Manabu , Fukami Naohiko , Sasaki Hitomi , Kusaka Mamoru , Shiroki Ryoichi 
Published: March 2022

ObjectivesTo evaluate the risk factors for postoperative ileus in patients who underwent robot‐assisted radical cystectomy with intracorporeal urinary diversion.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 78 patients with bladder cancer who underwent robot‐assisted radical cystectomy with intracorporeal urinary diversion at Fujita Health University between 2011 and 2021. Baseline characteristics and perioperative outcomes were compared between the cohorts with and without ileus. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors for postoperative ileus.ResultsOut of the 78 patients included in this study, 20 (25.6%) developed postoperative ileus. The ileus cohort was associated with a significantly lower Geriatric‐8 score (P = 0.003) and a higher rate of previous abdominal/pelvic surgery (P = 0.04) compared with those of the nonileus cohort. Significantly longer intestinal tract reconstruction time, hospital stay, time to mobilization, fluid intake, solid intake, flatus, and stool were observed in the ileus cohort. According to the results of the logistic regression analysis, the Geriatric‐8 sum (P = 0.009), time to mobilization (P = 0.03), and time to fluid intake (P = 0.004) were independent predictors of postoperative ileus. In the model predicting postoperative ileus, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.716, and the cutoff value of the Geriatric‐8 sum was 13.ConclusionsEarly mobilization and fluid intake and low Geriatric‐8 scores were significant risk factors for postoperative ileus. Preoperative Geriatric‐8 evaluation is a useful tool for predicting postoperative ileus. Comprehensive enhanced recovery after surgery, including key components, may help bowel recovery and prevent subsequent ileus.
The Limits of Financial Globalization
Authors: Stulz René M. 
Published: March 2022

Although barriers to international investment have fallen sharply over the last 60 years, the positive impact of financial globalization has proved far more limited than expected. Predictions by economists (including the author) that cross‐country differences in investment and financing would narrow or even disappear have largely failed to materialize. Investors everywhere continue to hold disproportionate amounts of domestic securities in their portfolios; levels of national investment continue to be tied (and largely limited) to local savings and income; and corporate ownership structures remain more concentrated, and capital structures more highly leveraged, in countries perceived to offer less protection to outside investors.The main explanation for the persistence of these cross‐country differences in investment and financing centers on the importance of two “agency problems”:First, in companies with controlling shareholders (which tend to be the rule in developing economies), those shareholders can use their power to transfer value from minority shareholders. Second, those who control the state can use their power to expropriate wealth from both controlling and minority shareholders. In countries with limited protection for minority shareholders, where these “twin agency problems” are most pronounced, corporate insiders tend to “co‐invest” more with outside investors, and ownership is thus more concentrated.But however necessary it may be to attract outside capital, such co‐investment also works to limit the benefit of financial globalization, making it less likely that risks will be shared internationally and capital invested where it is most productive. The author closes with the prediction that, as countries and their companies find more effective ways to manage these twin problems, developing and developed nations alike will benefit from increasingly global financial markets.