bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geophysical survey in the area of aguglia d’agosta (Priolo Gargallo, Sicily)
Authors: De Giorgi L. , Leucci G. , Fragalá G. , Malfitana D. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Syracuse and its countryside played a crucial role in the economy of ancient Sicily. Despite its historical and economic importance in the Roman and Medieval periods, our knowledge about the organization of its agricultural production, and economic circuit between the rural settlements and the city are limited. From 2009 the researches of the “Institute of Heritage Sciences – CNR” attempt to remedy this omission by outlining a preliminary picture of the rich historical and archaeological heritage of Priolo Gargallo, which will be analysed using a multidisciplinary approach (archaeological survey, geophysical investigations, aerial photography analysis, etc.).
RestArt method: innovative high-precision mechatronic-based procedure for fragmented stone statues restoration
Authors: Nardelli Pietro , Pavan Martina , Pompa Giulia , Borghini Silvia , Fioriti Vincenzo , Tatì Angelo , Colucci Alessandro , Baldini Massimiliano , Picca Alessandro , Roselli Ivan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The RestArt method is an innovative mechatronic-based procedure for high-precision reassembly of stone fragments intended to improve the restoration of ancient statues and architectural elements. The procedure comprises high-accuracy 3D laser scanning of two fragments positioned on the RestArt machine. After software simulated best-fitting of the two homologous fractured faces, the calculated roto-translation matrix is sent to the machine control system that moves one fragment to match the other one. The machine integrates a numeric-controlled moving drilling device for high-precision boring of the fractured surfaces at selected points for optimal rods insertion. This permits a very effective fixing of the fragments and allows multi-point fixing, which is practically impossible with conventional methods. Several stone specimens were experimentally recomposed through the RestArt and the traditional method. Then, they were compared in terms of mechanical resistance by shaking table tests, reproducing extreme strong-motion vibrations. The specimens recomposed through the RestArt method resulted less time-consuming and much more resistant to vibration excitation than the ones by traditional reassembly method. The RestArt method was applied to reassemble some original ancient statues currently exhibited at several Italian museums.
Development of Storage and Assessment methods suited for organic Archaeological artefacts (StAr) - JPI-CH project
Authors: Ribechini Erika , Lucejko Jeannette J. , Mattonai Marco , Modugno Francesca , Chaumat Gilles , Braovac Susan , Steindal Calin C. , Zborowska Magdalena , Dňbrowski Henryk P. , Fejfer Mariusz 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
StAr project - Development of Storage and assessment methods suited for organic archaeological artefacts – started in 2020 within the framework of Joint Programming Initiative on Cultural Heritage and Global Change (JPI-CH) Conservation, Protection and Use. The project arises from the need for chemical-physical stabilization strategies of archaeological finds (mainly wood and leather), for long time (up to several months) in the waterlogged state, i.e., under pre-treatment conditions, without compromising the archaeological and scientific evidences they contain. Several methods of controlling storage conditions will be tested on archaeological wooden and leather objects. The experimentations will entail a systematic chemical analysis and monitoring of the organic materials before, during and after storage in different conditions, both in laboratory and on-field at the Biskupin archaeological excavation site in Poland.
Pigments identification and analysis of the state of conservation of the decorative elements of the castle of Coca (XV-XVI AC, Segovia, Spain) by Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Barroso-Solares Suset , Mediavilla-Martinez I. , Sanz-Velasco Carlos , Prieto Angel Carmelo , Pinto Javier 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The castle of Coca (Coca, Segovia, Spain) is one of the summits of the Gothic-Mudejar architecture on the Iberian Peninsula. Among other extraordinary features, this castle presents unique Mudejar decorative elements, which have been partially lost due to this abandonment. In addition, the remaining elements are in danger due to ongoing degradation processes. However, there is no available information about the pigments employed in these decorative elements, nor any analytical study about their state of conservation. This study applies the Raman spectroscopy technique to identify, for the first time, the pigments and ongoing degradation processes on these endangered decorative elements of extraordinary cultural and historical relevance. Red hues were achieved using hematite, whereas the black hues come from the use of carbon black of vegetal origin. Additionally, dispersed carbonaceous particles were also generally found in the walls of the castle, probably related to the use of candles or torches to illuminate the rooms of the castle. Finally, monohydrate and dihydrate calcium oxalates (i.e., whewellite and weddellite, respectively) were detected as degradation products, probably related to biological processes.
Virtual reconstruction of a ghost disco: the Woodpecker in Milano Marittima
Authors: Bartolomei Cristiana , Mazzoli Cecilia , Morganti Caterina 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Conservation and restoration of cultural heritage and protection of abandoned buildings is possible using new technologies in order to create a knowledge base to maintain the original condition of buildings as long as possible. This paper presents the digital geometric survey, combining photogrammetry and photogrammetry with drone for the documentation of a building located in the Riviera Romagnola. The fundamental task to survey historic buildings, in order to document their geometric and morphological features with very high accuracy, becomes an important incentive for the use of innovative hybrid approach. The building case study is the Woodpecker nightclub built in 1966 and abandoned in 1970 due to a fire that devastated the structure.
Ancient landscape reconstruction using archive data from the Pontine Plain (Italy): the Caprolace lagoon case study
Authors: Alessandri L , Baiocchi V , Feiken H , Monti F , Van Leusen M 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The greatest part of the documents concerning the last reclamation scheme of the Pontine Plain is now stored in a section of the state archive and in the archive of the Consorzio di Bonifica dell’Agro Pontino, both located in Latina (Italy). Detailed plans of the realised buildings, infrastructures as well as thousands of pictures of the environments before the reclamation scheme are available to the public. These data can be used to reconstruct the ancient landscape before the major changes which occurred after the spread of mechanical vehicles for earthmoving in the 1970s. The reconstruction maps can be used to set the proper background for the archaeological research in the area.
Isotope imaging of ultra-traces by LA-fs HR-ICP-MS for U-series dating (U/Th) of archaeological biominerals: how far can we go?
Authors: Galy Asmodée , Martin Loïc , Claverie Fanny , Pons-Branchu Edwige , Tribolo Chantal , Pécheyran Christophe , Mercier Norbert 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
To overcome the problems associated with the traditional U-series dating protocol (large amount of sample required, possible contamination during preparation and consideration of sample contamination in the past), we present a new approach using isotope mapping of radioelements produced by femtosecond laser ablation coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry (LA-fs HR-ICP-MS). This protocol, developed and validated on different carbonate supports, has been applied to a series of archaeological biominerals (shells, teeth, calcitic crusts). A high resolution of a few micrometres has been achieved, as well as a significant improvement of the sensitivity. This allows to obtain U/Th ages with minimal sampling (< 1mg), even though only ultra-traces of uranium (sub-ppb) are present. The isotope mapping approach also allows a real study of the material, highlighting areas potentially contaminated with detrital thorium, but also areas that have experienced leaching. The potential of this method and its limitations are discussed.
Integrated use of multi-temporal multi-sensor and multiscale Remote Sensing data for the understanding of archaeological contexts: the case study of Metaponto, Basilicata.
Authors: Abate N , Roubis D , Vitale V , Sileo M , Sogliani F , Masini N , Lasaponara R 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This paper is focused on the archaeological area of Metaponto (Mexomov-nov) and its territory, located in southern Italy. The area played an important role for the agricultural economy and the traffic of goods and people, from the south of Italy towards the central regions, starting from the Neolithic period, and reaching the zenith with the Greek polis of Metaponto and its hinterland. The site is herein analyzed through an integrated use of several Earth observation and remote sensing technologies and ancillary data produced over the years by archaeologists and scholars. The aim was to identify new buried elements of archaeological interest, for the reconstruction of the historical-archaeological landscape. Through the combined use of optical and radar satellite images, high-resolution images obtained by Unmanned Aerial System (visible, multispectral, and thermal infrared), geophysical data, and archival data, it was possible to deepen the knowledge of the area, in particular the “Castrum” area, identifying new buried evidence (structures, roads, and elements of the ancient landscape).
Evaluation of air pollutants in thermal-mineral springs: a case study of Agnano (Naples, Italy) and Contursi Terme (Salerno, Italy)
Authors: Pironti C. , Ricciardi M. , Motta O. , Faggiano A. , Miele Y. , Fiorentino A. , Cucciniello R. , Proto A. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Thermo-mineral springs are widely spread over the volcanic areas of Naples and Salerno, two cities of southern Italy. Their use has been known by local inhabitants since they were one of the main curative therapies in the past. The variability of microclimate conditions, contaminations, air pollution and influence of visitors could be an important parameter for conservation of historical structure and to evaluate the damage of place, since atmospheric and gaseous pollutants could affect cultural heritage. The aim of this work was the determination of air concentration of H2S, SO2, δ13CO2, chemical and microclimatic characterization of the thermal springs in Contursi Terme (Salerno, Italy) and Agnano (Naples, Italy), in order to assess their concentrations and potential effects on cultural heritage and human health.
Diagnostic investigation of the Cycle of the New Church of Sarria (Floriana, Malta) by Mattia Preti
Authors: Venuti V. , Caridi F. , Colica E. , Crupi V. , D’Amico S. , Guido S. , Majolino D. , Paladini G. , Mantella G. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn the present paper, we present the main results of a diagnostic investigation on different paintings by Mattia Preti, belonging to theCycle of the New Church of Sarria, located inside the Church of the Immaculate Conception of Sarria (Floriana) in Malta. The analysis was carried out on the occasion of the restoration process and, due to the short time available, only on some representative areas of each painting. A multi-technique approach was appliedin situ, employing X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) and Raman microscopy. The aim was to achieve information on the execution technique, in a completely non-invasive way, following the requirements of the restorers.
Comparison of the analytical performances of X-ray fluorescence devices
Authors: Chiti M. , Donghia R. , Esposito A. , Ferretti M. , Gorghinian A. , Porcinai S. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
X-ray fluorescence (XRF) is a technique frequently used for the elemental analysis of cultural heritage materials. Depending on components selection (i.e. the primary source, the detector and the focusing optics, if present), the analytical performance of the spectrometer, and its consequent suitability for a given purpose, may vary considerably. In this paper, we compare the analytical performance of four different devices, two commercial and two expressly designed by the authors, and we consider two figures of merit: the limit of detection (LOD) and the standard error of regression (SER). The measurements are performed on a set of 19 copper alloy standards.
Investigation on the deterioration of lead artifacts. A case study on piano keys and their degradation products
Authors: Faggiano A. , Ricciardi M. , Pironti C. , Motta O. , Miele Y. , Prete P. , Proto A. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Among musical instruments, Piano is one of the most important and fascinating ones of all years for its completeness from a harmonic point of view and for the importance it has held in the world of classical music of the great composers. In this context, old pianos can be considered as real pieces of art thus their conservation is included in the preservation of cultural heritage. The aim of this work is to study the deterioration of some lead weights of piano keys from an important, luxury and one of the best grand pianos for its characteristics such as construction materials, sound, and craftsmanship. Analytic techniques such as X-ray Diffraction, Fourier Transform-Infrared spectroscopy and Ionic chromatography were employed to characterize the superficial layer of deteriorated lead weights, comparing it with the non-deteriorated ones. Knowing the nature of degradation products is fundamental to evaluate the degradation phenomena occurring over time due to the environmental conditions at which they are exposed and consequently identify the proper conservation strategy of such piece of art and history of music, in order to preserve its original sound and resonance.
Analysis of PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) and other main components in black crusts collected from the Monumental Cemetery of Milan (Italy)
Authors: Ricciardi M. , Faggiano A. , Pironti C. , Motta O. , Carotenuto M. , Comite V. , Fermo P. , Proto A. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The present work focuses on the chemical characterization of some chemical components present in black crusts collected from the Monumental Cemetery of Milan located in the homonymous city (Northern Italy). Samples of black crusts, recovered over two sampling campaigns, were analysed by using X-ray Diffraction and Fourier Transform-Infrared spectroscopy. Moreover, Ionic chromatography analyses were performed on water extracts of the black crust samples, while High Performance Liquid Chromatography measurements were carried out on dichloromethane/pentane extracts. This approach was used with the aim to identify the presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in these black crusts and the pollution sources responsible for their formation. The knowledge of the pollution sources responsible for the degradation phenomena occurring on cultural heritages, such as black crust formation, is fundamental for the identification of proper preservation strategies, as well as for the development of emission reduction policies on a local scale.
A Proposed Framework For Affordable CAM Replication In Cultural Heritage
Authors: Korres Georgios , Anagnostopoulos Christos-Nikolaos , Eid Mohamad 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The digital recording of cultural heritage artifacts and their replication with Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM) techniques has found many applications in the cultural heritage (CH) domain, and it is considered paramount. Although subtractive manufacturing comes with a tremendous financial cost since most of the hardware and the software used in the fabrication process are expensive and mainly proprietary. Consequently, many scholars benefit only from the cost-effective, easy-to-use, and prevalent additive manufacturing processes which can serve within certain limitations. In this work, we propose a framework to democratize the subtractive manufacturing processes required to replicate digitally recorded cultural heritage artifacts using open-source/license-free software and hardware tools. We further present an application of the framework by simulating the fabrication process of a laser-scanned bass relief using open-source and license-free CAM software as described in the proposed framework.
Terrestrial laser scanning for 3D archaeological documentation. The prehistoric Cave of Sa Miniera de Santu Josi (Sardinia, Italy)
Authors: Marini I , Caradonna C , Melis M G , Nardinocchi C 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Caves have a great archaeological importance: they were used as a dwelling, as a shelter of animals, as an occasional refuge both for funerary and religious purposes. A cave survey is the first step towards their exploration. This study describes the San Giorgio cave’s survey that is the object of an archaeological research that concerns both the area above it and the underground environments. The cave, located in the north-west of Sardinia, has an extension of about 140 meters and has a maximum depth (surveyed) of -15 meters. Sixty-two TLS scans were carried out producing 1.5 milliard points. The Poisson surface reconstruction algorithm [3] is used to produce the 3D Model. A 3D model in low resolution can be adopted for aims of public archaeology; however archaeologists should take advantage of all the information available in the original point cloud.
New perspectives on an “old” technique: Lipari obsidian and Neolithic communities investigated by Fission Track Dating
Authors: Bonizzoni L , Martinelli M C , Coltelli M , Manni M , Balestrieri M L , Oddone M , Guglielmetti A 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
“Lipari obsidian and Neolithic human communities in the Aeolian islands” is a project aimed at studying the connection between obsidian flows on the island of Lipari and Neolithic populations on the Aeolian archipelago, in Italy. As it is well known, obsidian is of particular interest to trace prehistorical trading patterns; indeed, Lipari obsidian has the widest distribution and has been found in southern France, Dalmazia, Sicily and mainland Italy. The project outputs will give a general vision of both archaeological and volcanological aspects through the stratigraphic and radiometric dating of eruptions which produced obsidian, in relationship with the first phases of the human settlements and row material exploitation. To reach this goal, we are considering both raw materials (geological samples) from different flows and artefacts from Neolithic settlements (archaeological samples) on the Aeolian islands, and performing fission-track dating to get the age of obsidian sources and artefacts. Obtained results are expected to shed some new light on the raw material procurement and on the ability of the Neolithic populations to move from their locations, with particular attention to the consequences of environmental features on the first human settlements on the Aeolian islands.
Thermally Transferred Optically Stimulated Luminescence, TT-OSL: a study on the responsible traps
Authors: Tamburini G , Galli A , Panzeri L , Martini M 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Aim of this paper is to better investigate the Thermally Transferred Optically Stimulated Luminescence (TT-OSL) signal generated in quartz samples, both mineral quartz and quartz extracted from sediment, when they are heated after an optical bleaching. In recent years, TT-OSL has become an interesting dating technique because it can extend by an order of magnitude the age range over which OSL dating can be applied. We focused in particular on the source traps that generate this signal, studying the changes in TT-OSL due to the preheat temperature that induces the thermal transfer, and analysing the Thermoluminescence (TL) signals caused by OSL and TT-OSL measurements. By varying the preheating temperature, it was possible to identify the presence of a peak at ∼280-300°C, likely related to a trap responsible for the TT-OSL signal. A similar result was obtained by analysing the glow curves after an optical bleaching, which evidenced a peak at ∼270°C, comparable with a peak previously identified. It was also possible to highlight the fact that the OSL and TT-OSL signals are originated by different mechanisms due to the differences between the source traps responsible for them.
Characterization of stone tesserae from “The Indian Triumph of Dionysus” Mosaic (Casignana, Reggio Calabria, Italy)
Authors: Rovella N , Musella M , Barca D 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The archaeological site of Casignana (Reggio Calabria) represents one of the most important Roman sites of Southern Italy thanks to its extension and refinement of its mosaics such as the “Indian Triumph of Dionysus”. Its stylistic complexity is related also to the wide range of polychrome stone tesserae used. For this reason, a minero-petrographic and geochemical characterization of some tesserae was carried out by Polarized Optical Microscopy (POM), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and Electron probe microanalyzer combined with wavelength dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EPMA-WDS). The results suggested the heterogeneity of the stone tesserae in terms of petrographic features and the probable provenance from both local and not sites.
Minero-petrographic characterization of white marble Roman finds from P.A. Garda Museum (Ivrea, TO)
Authors: Storta E , Borghi A , Mantovani P , Deodato A , Perotti L , Sani A 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The work provides a minero-petrographic characterization of the main roman finds in white marble of the Garda Civic Museum of Ivrea (Piemonte, Northern Italy). A multi-analytical approach based on optical and scanning electron microscopy, electron microprobe and stable isotope analyses has been performed. The chemical composition of the main mineral component (calcite and/or dolomite), and of subordinate or accessory minerals useful for discriminative purposes were attained. A database for archaeometric purposes of the artefacts was achieved and a comparison with the Italian and Mediterranean marbles reported in the literature was implemented. The marbles resulted generally of Alpine provenance. This suggests that Eporedia (the old name of Ivrea) in Roman times was a site of local importance, with the employment of goods coming from trade routes connected with the surrounding alpine areas.