bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human GH Use By Athletes With Short Stature Without GH Deficiency: Therapeutic Use Exemptions
Authors: Allen David B , Vernec Alan , Branco Pedro , Cappa Marco , Horikawa Reiko , Banon Tamar , Dozono Yoko , Rogol Alan D 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Organized sports are governed by specific rules that aim to create or preserve fair play. An unfair advantage can be obtained by the use of specific substances or methods, also referred to as doping. The World Anti-Doping Agency leads the international doping-free sport movement and annually publishes the List of Prohibited Substances and Methods (List), which is used by most sport federations and organizations around the world. However, some athletes have legitimate medical conditions that require treatments that are included on the List. These athletes may apply for a Therapeutic Use Exemption (TUE), which, if approved, would allow them to take the required prohibited treatments. A challenging scenario concerns adolescents with short stature receiving treatment with human GH (hGH) who are not GH-deficient. Such treatment for short stature conditions is an approved indication for GH therapy in only a few countries, including the United States. Development of TUE Physician Guidelines for hGH for adolescent athletes with short stature required determining whether and to what extent such treatment constituted medical therapy or “enhancement.” The group of experts contributing to the TUE Physician Guidelines concluded that hGH treatment for athletes with non-GH-deficient short stature could be considered therapeutic—and could be granted a TUE if they are below 2.25 SD on the growth curve—until the athlete reached a height at the 5th percentile of adult normal range on the appropriate growth chart pertaining to a specific country or region or another relevant chart. Beyond that point, a TUE for hGH treatment is not medically necessary and a TUE should no longer be considered.
Thyroid hormones reversibly inhibit metamorphic development in ophiuroid larvae
Authors: Taylor Elias , Allen Jonathan D. , Heyland Andreas 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
The timing of metamorphosis and settlement is critical for the survival and reproductive success of marine animals with biphasic life cycles. Thyroid hormones (THs) regulate developmental timing in diverse groups of chordates, including the regulation of metamorphosis in amphibians, teleosts, lancelets, tunicates and lampreys. Recent evidence suggests a role for TH regulation of metamorphosis outside of the chordates, including echinoderms, annelids and molluscs. Among echinoderms, TH effects on development as well as underlying signaling mechanisms in early embryogenesis have been documented for echinoid (sea urchin) larvae, but we lack information on TH effects on metamorphic development in most other echinoderm groups, including the ophiuroids (brittle stars). Unexpectedly, we found that THs, principally 3,5,3′,5′-tetraiodo-l-thyronine (T4), reversibly inhibit metamorphic development and settlement in the daisy brittle star (Ophiopholis aculeata). Exposure to thiourea, an inhibitor of TH synthesis, accelerated metamorphic development. We showed that these effects were highly stage specific, providing evidence for a developmental point-of-no-return in ophiuroid metamorphic development. Furthermore, starvation of O. aculeata accelerated juvenile morphogenesis and settlement. Starvation also prevented the inhibitory effect of thiourea on TH function, suggesting that TH synthesis may play a role in delaying metamorphosis under conditions of high food availability. These findings provide evidence for a function of TH signaling in ophiuroid metamorphic development and suggest that exogenous TH sources may be involved in the regulation of metamorphic timing in O. aculeata. Together with new evidence of TH involvement in metamorphic development in a range of invertebrates, these findings further emphasize the versatile and central role of endocrine signaling in metamorphosis.
A RESOLUÇÃO DE CONFLITOS NAS RELAÇÕES DE ENSINO NA MEDICINA: uma revisão integrativa sobre aspectos, perfis e técnicas de ensino
Authors: Cabral Borges Martins Guilherme , Antonio Raimondi Gustavo 
Published: January 2025

Introdução Conflitos são muito presentes no cotidiano dos profissionais de saúde e se estendem para as relações de ensino na Medicina. Por isso, existe uma necessidade crescente do ensino de habilidades de resolução de conflitos, tanto para profissionais quanto para estudantes. Apesar disso, ainda existe pouco conteúdo a respeito do ensino dessas habilidades na área médica, tornando-se necessário uma revisão integrativa/sistemática da literatura. Objetivos: Realizar uma revisão integrativa da literatura a respeito do ensino de resolução de conflitos para estudantes, residentes e professores/preceptores de Medicina, tendo como alvo a literatura nacional e internacional nos últimos 12 anos. Materiais e Métodos: Foi realizado uma busca nas bases de dados Scielo, Scopus, PubMed e Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde com os termos “negotiating” e “medicine”, entre os anos de 2012 e 2024, aplicando-se critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Resultados: Durante as buscas iniciais, foram encontrados 19.226 artigos, destes, 11 foram selecionados para compor a revisão, dentre eles, foram formadas 3 categorias temáticas e discutidas separadamente: Perfis de resolução de conflito e conhecimento acerca do tema, etiologia dos conflitos e modelo para ensino. Conclusões: Fica evidente a necessidade de intervenções voltadas ao ensino de técnicas de mediação em todos os níveis (estudantes, residentes e preceptores) com uso de metodologias ativas de ensino, com destaque ao role-play. Além disso, as intervenções devem se atentar a prevalência de perfis mais concessivos entre os estudantes e residentes, bem como nas relações de poder como principais etiologias de conflito.
Multipolar multifunction terahertz tunable metasurface
Authors: Xiao Yongjiang , Liao Kun 
Published: January 2025

A terahertz coded metasurface composed of VO2, polyimide, and Au is proposed. Based on line polarization multiplexing, seven functions in all are realized by designing the structure of the top VO2 resonator and the middle gold pattern. The simulation results show that when VO2 is metallic and the linearly polarized wave of f=1−2THz is vertically incident, the unit exhibits broadband absorption with an absorption rate (AR) greater than 84%. The AR in the range of 1.56–2 THz can reach more than 90%. When VO2 is insulated, the unit can achieve narrowband absorption at 1.57 THz, with an AR of nearly 100%. Meanwhile, the same coded metasurface can realize one of the five functions of beam deflection, vortex beam, deflected vortex beam, beam splitting, and superimposed vortex beam under x and y polarization modes. This work can provide certain reference for the design of multifunctional devices with metamaterial in the terahertz field.
Spectral shifts in partially coherent light beams passing through a crystalline human eye lens
Authors: Sahin Serkan 
Published: January 2025

Our objective is to quantify the spectral changes occurring in
partially coherent light beams as they interact with the crystalline
lens of the human eye. The study reveals a significant alteration in
the wavelength of random light beams as they traverse through the
human eye. The methodology comprises three key components: the ABCD
matrix elements of the lens, the cross-spectral density matrix of the
light beam, and the spectral shifts in the beam during propagation.
Following an initial examination of how the crystalline human eye lens
responds to stochastic light, we can now analyze the interaction of
various types of light with the eye lens. The entering light is
broadband, exhibiting a range of coherence values from incoherent to
fully coherent. By employing the diffraction theory of optics
alongside ray tracing methods, we observe wavelength shifts in
partially coherent light passing through the human eye lens. The study
involves directing unpolarized random light with a cross-sectional
radius of approximately 0.3 mm numerically to the lens surface,
situated at the minimum pupil radius of around 0.5 mm. The
propagation is then analyzed over a distance of 17 mm after the
lens, representing the typical length of the vitreous humor. Numerical
plots demonstrate a wavelength shift in the incident light (with a
Gaussian profile). In summary, our findings indicate that the
correlation effects of nearly natural light on the gradient index of
the human eye lens lead to a notable spectral shift.
Single-shot spontaneous Raman scattering for time-resolved one-dimensional hypersonic flow diagnostics
Authors: Bak Junhwi , Leonov Boris S. , Miles Richard B. 
Published: January 2025

Spontaneous Raman scattering, also known as common old ordinary Raman scattering (COORS), is revisited to evaluate its applicability for hypersonic flow characterization. Due to its very low cross section, Raman scattering is often considered unsuitable for measuring low-pressure gas properties that are found in ground test simulations of high-altitude hypersonic flights. Utilizing a recently developed one-dimensional (1D) light scattering technique with a volume Bragg grating filter and Stokes sideband windowing, we demonstrate 1D rotational Raman measurements of temperature and neutral gas density across a bow shock in front of a blunt wedge model under Mach 6 hypersonic flow. The experiment was conducted in the Hypervelocity Expansion Tunnel at Texas A&M University. The measurements were successfully obtained during a single run of the tunnel operation, capturing the temperature and density distributions with dynamic ranges of 200–2000 K and 5×1023−4×1024/m3, respectively, over both the free-stream and post-shock regions, covering approximately 10 mm in length with a spatial resolution of <0.5mm. Time-resolved high-speed measurement capability at 100 kHz was also demonstrated, showcasing the robustness of 1D COORS for gas diagnostics.
First detection of the S989P+V1016G+D1763Y haplotype and expansion of voltage-gated sodium channel mutations in Aedes aegypti in Taiwan in 2016–2023
Authors: Chung Han-Hsuan , Teng Hwa-Jen , Huang Chin-Gi , Tsai I-Jung , Chen Hung-Jui , Komagata Osamu , Kasai Shinji , Tsai Kun-Hsien , Chen Shiu-Ling 
Published: January 2025

Background
Aedes aegypti transmits various arthropod-borne diseases such as dengue, posing a significant burden to public health in tropical and subtropical regions. Pyrethroid-based control strategies are effective in managing this vector; however, the development of insecticide resistance has hindered these efforts. Hence, long-term monitoring of insecticide resistance in mosquito populations is crucial for effective vector and disease control.

Methodology/principal findings
In this study, we identified insecticide resistance due to a voltage-gated sodium channel (vgsc) mutation in Ae. aegypti in Taiwan between 2016 and 2023. In total, 1,761 field-caught Ae. aegypti samples from Tainan, Kaohsiung, and Pingtung were genotyped. The frequencies of S989P, V1016G, T1520I, F1534C, and D1763Y amino acid variants increased over the surveillance period. A T1520I mutation was detected for the first time and has since rapidly spread throughout Taiwan. The triple-mutant haplotype PGTFY was first documented in Ae. aegypti. Moreover, the unmutated haplotype vanished in Taiwan, suggesting that the vgsc mutations were fixed in local populations of Ae. aegypti. Five resistance-associated genotypes, SVTCD/SVTCD, SGTFY/PGTFD, SVTCD/SGTFY, PGTFD/PGTFD, and SVTCD/PGTFD, exhibited an increased frequency and accounted for 76% of the total field population. We also detected the resistant genotype SVICD/PGTFD, and its frequency increased 13-fold in the field between 2016 and 2023. Moreover, we also observed that mutations differed geographically, with S989P mainly found in Kaohsiung and V1016G in Kaohsiung and Pingtung. The frequency of T1520I was noticeably higher in Kaohsiung, and D1763Y occurred mainly in Tainan.

Conclusions/significance
The emergence and expansion of mutations along with the disappearance of wild-type mosquitoes in Taiwan underscores the threat of resistance and difficulty of mosquito control in Taiwan as well as globally. This study determined the insecticide resistance status of Ae. aegypti in Taiwan, and the findings will be helpful for resistance monitoring in areas where pyrethroids are used to control Ae. aegypti.
Effect of case management on viral load in adult clients enrolled due to non-suppression in Capricorn District, South Africa: A case control study
Authors: Moholola Molebatsi , Rees Kate , Motsoane Nthabiseng , Kgopong Ntsetse , Mutyambizi Chipo 
Published: January 2025

Background
Case management is a structured, client centered approach that incorporates various strategies such as employing lay counsellors to provide psychosocial and adherence support to strengthen antiretroviral (ART) adherence, improve retention in care and viral load (VL) suppression. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of case management on VL in clients enrolled due to non-suppression (> = 50 copies/ml) in Capricorn District, Limpopo Province.

Methods
We conducted a case control study using two datasets (1) cases were selected from case management data collected from June 2021 to November 2022 at 35 facilities and captured on the REDCap system. (2) controls were identified from TIER.Net data from facilities where case management is not available and with at least two VLs on record since June 2021. Our study was restricted to clients with an unsuppressed (> = 50 copies) VL at enrollment, over the age of 18 years and excluded clients with a missing VL at enrollment. Using similar age, gender, and VL characteristics, an equal number of clients not receiving case management was randomly sampled from the TIER.Net data. Descriptive and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to determine the factors associated with viral suppression.

Results
Our final study sample consisted of 3 256 clients, half of which received case management (N = 1 628), 1084 (33%) with a first VL in study of 50–399 copies/ml, 404 (12%) 400–999 copies/ml and 1768 (54%) >1000 copies/ml. Post case management intervention results showed that 49% had a VL below 50 copies/ml amongst those receiving case management and 44% among those who did not receive case management. In the adjusted model we found that case management (Odds ratio [OR] 1.25; 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.08–1.44) versus no case management, 35–54 years old (1.43; 1.07–1.91) and 55+ year old (1.88; 1.35–2.61) versus 18–24-year-old increased odds of VL suppression whilst being male (0.72; 0.61–0.84) versus being female has decreased odd of VL suppression.

Conclusion
Close to half of the clients had a VL below 50 copies/ml after case management. Factors that increased the odds of VL suppression were case management and older age, whilst being male was associated with reduced odds of VL suppression. Differentiated services for virally unsuppressed clients would be helpful for men. Case management was associated with viral suppression in those with a starting VL > 1000 copies/ml and not for those starting with low level viremia (50–999 copies/ml).
Metrics of Modernity: Art and Development in Postwar Turkey, Sarah-Neel Smith (2022)
Authors: Soltani Zohreh 
Published: January 2025

Review of: Metrics of Modernity: Art and Development in Postwar Turkey, Sarah-Neel Smith (2022)
Oakland, CA: University of California Press, 216 pp., 20 b&w and 42 colour illus.,
ISBN: 9780520383418, $50 (hardback)

Alternative Iran: Contemporary Art and Critical Spatial Practice, Pamela Karimi (2022)
Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 452 pp., 121 colour illus.,
ISBN: 9781503631809, $35 (paperback)
The Effects of Alfapump on Ascites Control and Quality of Life in Patients With Cirrhosis and Recurrent or Refractory Ascites
Authors: Wong Florence , Vagas Hugo E. , Reddy K. Rajender , Pagadala Mangesh R. , Pocha Christine , Sundaram Vinay , Bajaj Jasmohan S. , Shlomovitz Eran , Bendel Emily , Capel Jeroen , Kamath Patrick S. ,   The POSEIDON Study Group
Published: January 2025

INTRODUCTION:
The alfapump system has been shown to be a possible alternative to repeat therapeutic paracentesis (TP) in selected patients with refractory ascites (RA). The objective of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of alfapump on ascites control and quality of life in these patients.

METHODS:
Patients with cirrhosis and RA requiring ≥2 TPs 30 days prior were enrolled and followed for 24 months postimplant. Primary efficacy end point assessed at 6 months was reduction in paracentesis requirement; safety end point was device-related adverse events resulting in intervention, explant, or death.

RESULTS:
Forty patients with RA (mean Model of End-stage Liver Disease-Sodium: 15 ± 4) received an alfapump. TP requirement was decreased from 3.2 ± 1.5 sessions per month preimplant to 0.2 ± 0.6 sessions per month at 6 months postimplant (P < 0.001), with 77% of patients having ≥50% reduction. Six pumps (15%) were explanted within 6 months due to device-related adverse events, 3 (7.5%) due to pump site skin erosion, and 3 (7.5%) due to bladder discomfort. Twenty-four renal events occurred in the 0–6 month postimplant period; 16 cases were readily reversible stage 1 acute kidney injury. Ascites-related symptoms assessed with an Ascites Q score improved from 51.0 ± 19.3 preimplant to 32.2 ± 21.9 at 6 months postimplant (P < 0.001). Physical but not mental components of Short Form 36 improved (P < 0.001). The 5 deaths within 6 months postimplant were not directly related to the device or alfapump therapy.

DISCUSSION:
The alfapump system effectively controlled ascites, which improved quality of life. It may be considered as an alternative to repeat TP in select patients with RA. Complication rates were similar to those expected in patients with RA.
Remarks on generalized derivations in factor rings
Authors: Sandhu Gurninder Singh , Singh Sukhchain 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this note, we point out some errors in [M. Zerra, K. Bouchannafa and L. Oukhtite,
On generalized derivations in factor rings,
Georgian Math. J. 32 2025, 1, 175–182]. Also, we give some insights on the open problems given in the same paper.
Gender Egalitarianism in Focus: An Integrative Synthesis of Empirical Evidence
Authors: Mihaľová Paulína , Lašáková Anna , Kottulová Janka , Musilová Magdaléna 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper provides a comprehensive overview of prior research on Gender Egalitarianism (GE) as a societal culture dimension, where it has been employed as either a correlate or moderator in the analysis of various phenomena, including entrepreneurship, leadership, human resource management, and sustainability. Building on the analysis of a large sample of eighty-two works, the main aim of this paper is to comprehensively reflect on GE as a cultural dimension based on a synthesis of insights from previous empirical studies.
Dialogues of materiality: unravelling the agency of discourse and objects
Authors: Izadi Dariush , Luke Alex 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Within current social science discourse, understanding the complex relationship between materiality, agency and discourse is crucially important for grasping the dynamics of social practices and action. This study employs a linguistic ethnography approach to examine the nuanced interplay between discourse, objects and participants within social interactions. Drawing from theoretical frameworks including mediated discourse analysis (MDA), actor-network theory and historical materialism, we explore how materiality and discourse form and coverage one another. Our analysis reveals that objects and discourse are not fixed and static entities but rather dynamic processes that mutually influence and constitute each other within social situations. We argue that while objects possess agency, they are mediated by human participants and broader social forces which emphasises the need for context-specific analysis and examination. Through a dialectical lens, we unpack the intricate ways in which material conditions inform and reflect social relations, demonstrating the role of objects as tangible manifestations of social processes. Our findings enhance a deeper understanding of the complex interplay between agency, materiality and discourse with implications for theories of practice and social interaction. By recognising the role of objects in shaping cultural practices and social dynamics, we enhance our understanding of the processes everyday social life.
Redundant voicing and register in Mnong Râlâm
Authors: Brunelle Marc , Đinh Lư Giang , Tạ Thành Tấn 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Mnong Râlâm is a South Bahnaric language (Austroasiatic) that is traditionally described as preserving a voicing contrast in onset obstruents, contrary to other languages of the Mnong/Phnong continuum. Acoustic results yield evidence that this voicing distinction is less robust than previously suggested and is redundant with a register contrast realized on following vowels through modulations of F1 at vowel onset (and more limited variations of F2 and voice quality). A perception experiment also shows that F1 weighs heavier than closure voicing in identification. The existence of a language in which voicing and register are redundant allows us to revisit previous models of registrogenesis. It suggests that the acoustic properties of register may develop and become distinctive while voicing is still present rather than as a direct consequence of devoicing. The unexpected discovery of register in Mnong Râlâm also challenges previous reconstructions of Proto-South-Bahnaric, in which only voicing is postulated, based on hitherto limited available descriptive materials.
A Bundled, Practice-Based Intervention to Increase HPV Vaccination
Authors: Szilagyi Peter G. , Fiks Alexander G. , Rand Cynthia M. , Kate Kelly Mary , Russell Localio A. , Albertin Christina S. , Humiston Sharon G. , Grundmeier Robert W. , Steffes Jennifer , Davis Kristin , Shone Laura P. , McFarland Greta , Abney Dianna E. , Stephens-Shields Alisa J. 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination rates are suboptimal, and missed vaccination opportunities are common. We hypothesized that a bundled intervention improves missed HPV vaccination opportunities.

METHODS
We used a pre-post design to assess differences in HPV vaccine missed opportunities (visits when vaccine-eligible adolescents are not vaccinated). We compared rates for a 12-month period before vs those for a 6-month period (February 23, 2022, to August 9, 2022) during a bundled intervention. We implemented the bundled intervention in 24 primary care pediatric practices that had been usual care controls for a prior randomized trial. The bundled intervention involved 3 components: online clinician training on HPV vaccine communication, performance feedback on missed HPV vaccination opportunities, and clinician prompts for HPV vaccination. As a secondary analysis, we compared missed opportunities for these 24 practices vs 48 contemporaneous comparison group practices identified retrospectively.

RESULTS
For well-child care (WCC) visits, missed HPV vaccination opportunities were improved during vs before the intervention by 4.8 percentage points (95% CI, −7.2% to −2.4%) for initial HPV vaccine doses and a modest 2.2 percentage points (95% CI, −4.4% to −0.0%) for subsequent doses. For other visit types, findings ruled out changes beyond minimal improvements. Missed vaccination opportunity rates for initial HPV vaccination at WCC visits were similar for the 24 intervention practices vs the 48 comparison practices for a 4.5-year period before the intervention, but they improved for intervention practices and worsened for comparison practices during the intervention period (difference, −6.6%; 95% CI, −9.3% to −3.8%).

CONCLUSIONS
This bundled intervention appeared to improve HPV vaccination during WCC visits.