bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Priming Self-Reported Partisanship
Authors: Schiff Kaylyn Jackson , Montagnes B Pablo , Peskowitz Zachary 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Can features of surveys, such as question ordering and informational stimuli, affect respondent self-reported partisanship? We report the results of two studies to examine how the survey environment affects the probability that a respondent identifies with a particular party and presidential approval conditional on self-reported partisanship. In an original experiment, we find that, under some circumstances, a question-ordering treatment increases Republican partisanship. The estimated effects are statistically different from zero in unweighted specifications where leaners are excluded from the definition of Republicans and also among respondents who identified as Republicans in previous survey waves. In our second study, we show that an informational intervention reduces the probability that a respondent identifies as an Independent and that including post-treatment partisanship in a regression changes the estimated treatment effect of informational interventions on presidential approval. Our analysis shows that seemingly minor features of survey design can affect self-reported partisanship, average outcomes for different partisans, and treatment effect estimates. We discuss the implications of our findings for survey design and theories of partisan identification and presidential approval.
Modeling human pregastulation development by 3D culture of blastoids generated from primed-to-naïve transitioning intermediates
Authors: Tu Zhifen , Bi Yan , Zhu Xuehao , Liu Wenqiang , Hu Jindian , Wu Li , Mao Tengyan , Zhou Jianfeng , Wang Hanwei , Wang Hong , Gao Shaorong , Wang Yixuan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells provide an inexhaustible model to study human embryogenesis in vitro. Recent studies have provided diverse models to generate human blastoids by self-organization of different pluripotent stem cells or somatic reprogramming intermediates. However, whether blastoids can be generated from other cell types or whether they can recapitulate postimplantation development in vitro is unknown. Here, we develop a strategy to generate human blastoids from heterogeneous intermediates with epiblast, trophectoderm and primitive endoderm signatures of the primed-to-naïve conversion process, which resemble natural blastocysts in morphological architecture, composition of cell lineages, transcriptome, and lineage differentiation potential. In addition, these blastoids reflect many features of human peri-implantation and pregastrulation development when further cultured in an in vitro 3D culture system. In summary, our study provides an alternative strategy to generate human blastoids and offers insights into human early embryogenesis by modeling peri- and postimplantation development in vitro.
Protein engineering approach to enhance activity assays of mono-ADP-ribosyltransferases through proximity
Authors: Galera-Prat Albert , Alaviuhkola Juho , Alanen Heli I , Lehtiö Lari 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Human mono-ADP-ribosylating PARP enzymes have been linked to several clinically relevant processes and many of these PARPs have been suggested as potential drug targets. Despite recent advances in the field, efforts to discover inhibitors have been hindered by the lack of tools to rapidly screen for high potency compounds and profile them against the different enzymes. We engineered mono-ART catalytic fragments to be incorporated into a cellulosome-based octavalent scaffold. Compared to the free enzymes, the scaffold-based system results in an improved activity for the tested PARPs due to improved solubility, stability and the proximity of the catalytic domains, altogether boosting their activity beyond 10-fold in the case of PARP12. This allows us to measure their activity using a homogeneous NAD+ conversion assay, facilitating its automation to lower the assay volume and costs. The approach will enable the discovery of more potent compounds due to increased assay sensitivity.
Transnational Family Separation among Migrant Women in Canada: An Intersectional Analysis
Authors: Schmidt Catherine , Bhuyan Rupaleem , Lash Rebecca 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA growing proportion of immigrants enter Canada on temporary resident permits to study or work, or they enter as asylum seekers—all with limited rights or access to permanent residence. As a result, transnational family separation is a growing phenomenon among immigrants who are unable to migrate as a family or who face barriers to family reunification. Using a systems-centered intersectional lens, the authors examine pathways to transnational family separation among immigrant women who arrived in Canada with precarious immigration status. Analysis draws from qualitative interviews with 35 immigrant women living in different regions of Ontario, Canada. Through examining intersecting social systems and processes, the authors analyze how transnational family separation is constituted through embedded gendered, racial, and class processes in Canada’s immigration system and labor market, which normalize family separation as a common experience for racialized immigrants in Canada. Given the harms associated with prolonged family separation, the authors urge the social work profession to advocate for immigration policies that prioritize family reunification and uphold the rights of migrants to maintain family unity.
Exploring Conflicts in Whole Genome Phylogenetics: A Case Study Within Manakins (Aves: Pipridae)
Authors: Zhao Min , Kurtis Sarah M , White Noor D , Moncrieff Andre E , Leite Rafael N , Brumfield Robb T , Braun Edward L , Kimball Rebecca T 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSome phylogenetic problems remain unresolved even when large amounts of sequence data are analyzed and methods that accommodate processes such as incomplete lineage sorting are employed. In addition to investigating biological sources of phylogenetic incongruence, it is also important to reduce noise in the phylogenomic dataset by using appropriate filtering approach that addresses gene tree estimation errors. We present the results of a case study in manakins, focusing on the very difficult clade comprising the genera Antilophia and Chiroxiphia. Previous studies suggest that Antilophia is nested within Chiroxiphia, though relationships among Antilophia+Chiroxiphia species have been highly unstable. We extracted more than 11,000 loci (ultra-conserved elements and introns) from whole genomes and conducted analyses using concatenation and multispecies coalescent methods. Topologies resulting from analyses using all loci differed depending on the data type and analytical method, with 2 clades (Antilophia+Chiroxiphia and Manacus+Pipra+Machaeopterus) in the manakin tree showing incongruent results. We hypothesized that gene trees that conflicted with a long coalescent branch (e.g., the branch uniting Antilophia+Chiroxiphia) might be enriched for cases of gene tree estimation error, so we conducted analyses that either constrained those gene trees to include monophyly of Antilophia+Chiroxiphia or excluded these loci. While constraining trees reduced some incongruence, excluding the trees led to completely congruent species trees, regardless of the data type or model of sequence evolution used. We found that a suite of gene metrics (most importantly the number of informative sites and likelihood of intralocus recombination) collectively explained the loci that resulted in non-monophyly of Antilophia+Chiroxiphia. We also found evidence for introgression that may have contributed to the discordant topologies we observe in Antilophia+Chiroxiphia and led to deviations from expectations given the multispecies coalescent model. Our study highlights the importance of identifying factors that can obscure phylogenetic signal when dealing with recalcitrant phylogenetic problems, such as gene tree estimation error, incomplete lineage sorting, and reticulation events. [Birds; c-gene; data type; gene estimation error; model fit; multispecies coalescent; phylogenomics; reticulation]
Remaking the International Civil Service: The Legacies of British Internationalism in the United Nations Secretariat, 1945–7
Authors: Limoncelli Amy 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
While Great Britain’s influence upon the League of Nations Secretariat has been extensively studied, its role in the United Nations Secretariat has not received the same attention, despite high British representation in the organization’s first decades. This article examines concurrent debates on the location and staffing of the United Nations from 1945 to 1947 to argue that British officials saw representation in the United Nations administration as a way to extend the version of internationalism they had institutionalized at the League, based on ideas of administrative neutrality, expertise, and efficiency, which favoured Britain’s empire and global influence. These discussions illustrate a clear focus on administration, despite principles of staff neutrality and geographic representation, and despite the rise of the United States and anticolonialism. However, this article shows, these developments impacted the international civil service in ways that diminished Britain’s influence. It was in siting and staffing the new international organization that British officials realized their old tactics would no longer work, with implications for Britain’s world role and empire that extended far beyond the Secretariat.
Fetal hemoglobin regulating genetic variants identified in homozygous (HbSS) and heterozygous (HbSA) subjects from South Mexico
Authors: Rizo-de la Torre L C , Borrayo-López F J , Perea-Díaz F J , Aquino E , Venegas M , Hernández-Carbajal C , Espinoza-Mata L L , Ibarra-Cortés B 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Hemoglobin S is caused by a nucleotide change in HBB gene (HBB:c.20A&gt;T, p.Glu6Val), is presented in diverse forms: simple carriers (HbSA), homozygotes (HbSS) also known as sickle cell anemia, and compound heterozygotes with other β-hemoglobinopathies. It is worldwide distributed, in Mexico, is frequently observed in the southern states Guerrero, Oaxaca and Chiapas. Elevated fetal hemoglobin (HbF) is associated with mild phenotype; single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) in modifier genes, such as BCL11A, HBG2, HBBP1 pseudogene and HBS1L-MYB intergenic region, upregulate HbF synthesis. The aim of this study was to identify HbF regulating genetic variants in HbSS and HbSA Mexican subjects. We studied 39 individuals (HbSS = 24, 61%, HbSA = 15, 39%) from Chiapas (67%) and Guerrero (33%), peripheral blood was collected in ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) for molecular and hematological studies, DNA was isolated by salting-out technic and genotyping was performed through allelic discrimination by real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using Taqman® probes for 15 SNV (in BCL11A: rs6706648, rs7557939, rs4671393, rs11886868, rs766432, rs7599488, rs1427407; HBS1L-MYB: rs28384513, rs7776054, rs9399137, rs4895441, rs9402686, rs1320963; HBG2: rs7482144; and HBBP1: rs10128556). The obtained data were analyzed using IMB SPSS v.22.0 software. All minor alleles were observed in frequencies over 0.05, the most frequent was rs9402686 (0.82), while the less frequent was rs101028556 (0.08). In HbSS group, the mean fetal hemoglobin was 11.9 ± 5.9% and was significantly elevated in BCL11A rs11886868 wildtype homozygotes and in carriers of HBS1L-MYB intergenic region rs7776054 (p = 0.04 and p = 0.03, respectively). In conclusion, in HbSS Mexican patients, two SNVs were observed related to increased HbF; BCL11A rs11886868 and HBS1L-MYB rs7776054.
Strength in Numbers: Density-Dependent Volatile-Induced Antimicrobial Activity by Xanthomonas perforans
Authors: Klein-Gordon Jeannie M. , Guingab-Cagmat Joy , Minsavage Gerald V. , Meke Laurel , Vallad Gary E. , Goss Erica M. , Garrett Timothy J. , Jones Jeffrey B. 
Published: September 2022

For most of the 20th century, Xanthomonas euvesicatoria was the only known bacterium associated with bacterial spot of tomato in Florida. X. perforans quickly replaced X. euvesicatoria, mainly because of production of three bacteriocins (BCNs) against X. euvesicatoria; however, X. perforans outcompeted X. euvesicatoria even when the three known BCNs were deleted. Surprisingly, we observed antimicrobial activity against X. euvesicatoria in the BCN triple mutant when the triple mutant was grown in Petri plates containing multiple spots but not in Petri plates containing only one spot. We determined that changes in the headspace composition (i.e., volatiles) rather than a diffusible signal in the agar were required for induction of the antimicrobial activity. Other Xanthomonas species also produced volatile-induced antimicrobial compounds against X. euvesicatoria and elicited antimicrobial activity by X. perforans. A wide range of plant pathogenic bacteria, including Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, Pantoea stewartii, and Pseudomonas cichorii, also elicited antimicrobial activity by X. perforans when multiple spots of the species were present. To identify potential antimicrobial compounds, we performed liquid chromatography with high-resolution mass spectrometry of the agar surrounding the spot in the high cell density Petri plates where the antimicrobial activity was present compared with agar surrounding the spot in Petri plates with one spot where antimicrobial activity was not observed. Among the compounds identified in the zone of inhibition were N-butanoyl-L-homoserine lactone and N-(3-hydroxy-butanoyl)-homoserine lactone, which are known quorum-sensing metabolites in other bacteria.
Genetically predicted blood pressure, antihypertensive drugs and risk of heart failure: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Lian Jiao , Shi Xuezhong , Jia Xiaocan , Fan Jingwen , Wang Yuping , Zhao Yang , Yang Yongli 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Elevated blood pressure (BP) was associated with higher risk of heart failure, but the relationship between BP-lowering via antihypertensive drugs and diminution of heart failure was inconclusive. This study aimed to estimate the causal association of BP with heart failure, and explore the effects of BP-lowering through different antihypertensive drug classes on heart failure risk using Mendelian randomization analysis with genetic variants as instrument variables.

Methods:
Genetic variants associated with BP were derived from UK Biobank (n = 317 754) and the genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis of UK Biobank and International Consortium of Blood Pressure (n = 757 601). Heart failure summary association data were contributed by HERMES Consortium (47 309 heart failure cases and 930 014 controls). Inverse variance weighted (IVW) was performed to estimate causality between exposure and outcome, and weighted median was utilized as sensitivity analysis, and Mendelian randomization–Egger regression was used to identify pleiotropy of instrument variables. Multivariable Mendelian randomization (MVMR) was applied to control for the confounders.

Results:
Genetically predicted SBP and DBP were associated with heart failure [SBP: odds ratio (OR) = 1.355, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.201–1.529; DBP: OR = 1.348, 95% CI 1.213–1.498] in UK Biobank. Likewise, in the GWAS meta-analysis of UK Biobank and International Consortium of Blood Pressure, the causal associations were observed between SBP, DBP and heart failure (SBP: OR = 1.237, 95% CI 1.188–1.289; DBP: OR = 1.337, 95% CI 1.245–1.437). Genetically determined β-blockers and calcium channel blockers (CCBs) were associated with lower risk of heart failure (β-blockers: OR = 0.617, 95% CI 0.453–0.839; CCBs: OR = 0.730, 95% CI 0.625–0.851). No association was found between angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) and heart failure (OR = 1.593, 95% CI 0.647–3.924). When adjusted for smoking, alcohol, physical activity, fruit and vegetable intake, the results were stable.

Conclusion:
Our study indicates causal associations between SBP, DBP, and heart failure, and suggests the preventive effects of heart failure by BP-lowering using β-blockers and CCBs.
HIV-1 subtype B spread through cross-border clusters in the Balkans: a molecular analysis in view of incidence trends
Authors: Jovanovic Luka , Siljic Marina , Cirkovic Valentina , Salemovic Dubravka , Jevtovic Djordje , Alexiev Ivailo , Zidovec-Lepej Snjezana , Oroz Maja , Begovac Josip , Paraskevis Dimitrios , Skoura Lemonia , Chaztidimitriou Dimitrios , Kostaki Evangelia G. , Dragas Snezana , Dupanovic Brankica , Otelea Dan , Paraschiv Simona , Poljak Mario , Lunar Maja M. , Stanojevic Maja 
Published: September 2022

Objectives:
To analyze phylogenetic relations and assess the role of cross-border clusters in the spread of HIV-1 subtype B across the Balkans, given the general trends of new HIV diagnoses in seven Balkan countries.

Design:
Retrospective phylogenetic and trend analysis.

Methods:
In-depth phylogenetic, phylodynamic and phylogeographic analysis performed on 2415 HIV-1 subtype B sequences from 1999 to 2019 using maximal likelihood and Bayesian methods. The joinpoint regression analysis of new HIV diagnoses by country and modes of transmission using 2004–2019 ECDC data.

Results:
Ninety-three HIV-1 Subtype B transmission clusters (68% of studied sequences) were detected of which four cross-border clusters (11% of studied sequences). Phylodynamic analysis showed activity of cross-border clusters up until the mid-2000s, with a subsequent stationary growth phase. Phylogeography analyses revealed reciprocal spread patterns between Serbia, Slovenia and Montenegro and several introductions to Romania from these countries and Croatia. The joinpoint analysis revealed a reduction in new HIV diagnoses in Romania, Greece and Slovenia, whereas an increase in Serbia, Bulgaria, Croatia and Montenegro, predominantly among MSM.

Conclusion:
Differing trends of new HIV diagnoses in the Balkans mirror differences in preventive policies implemented in participating countries. Regional spread of HIV within the countries of former Yugoslavia has continued to play an important role even after country break-up, whereas the spread of subtype B through multiple introductions to Romania suggested the changing pattern of travel and migration linked to European integration of Balkan countries in the early 2000s.
Bilateral Axillary Nodal Uptake on 99mTc–White Blood Cell Study Secondary to COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination
Authors: Namous Nadia A. , Kushner Daniel , Dadparvar Simin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A 77-year-old man with a history of chronic lower back pain, and prior spinal fusion surgery X2 was referred for 99mTc-WBC Study for evaluation of worsening back pain and cervical radiculopathy to rule out any signs of infection. The patients white blood cells were tagged with 99mTc-HMPAO (hexamethylpropylene amine oxime), and planar and SPECT/CT imaging was performed at 4 and 24 hours. 99mTc-WBC Study showed no abnormal isotope localization in the spine; however, there was an incidental finding of bilateral increased soft tissue uptake in axillary lymph nodes. Medical history revealed intramuscular injection of second and third dose of Moderna mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in bilateral deltoids approximately 11 and 5 months before scan.
Does Internal Preoccupation with Obsessive-Compulsive Themes Affect Externally Oriented Functioning in OCD?: Behavioral Results and Clinical Cases
Authors: Bednarek Lora , Glover Stephanie , Ma Xiao , Pittenger Christopher , Pushkarskaya Helen 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIndividuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) exhibit nonspecific deficits in executive function. Internal preoccupations with obsessive-compulsive themes (OCs) may prevent individuals with OCD from fully engaging in externally oriented tasks, explaining these deficits – an ‘executive overload’ model of OCD.This study reports data from 43 individuals with OCD and 54 healthy individuals collected using the revised Attention Network Test (ANT-R) that is consistent with predictions of the ‘executive overload’ model. During ANT-R, externally orienting cues enhanced individual readiness to respond to external stimuli (alerting benefits), but alerting benefits were negatively associated with severity of internal preoccupations (e.g., neutralizing and obsessing symptoms). Alerting cues improved efficacy of conflict processing (executive benefits), more in individuals with OCD than in healthy controls. These executive benefits correlated positively with the severity of contamination.Internal preoccupation with OCs could also contribute to poor engagement with exposure and response prevention (ERP) exercises and, consequently, might explain the limited efficacy of ERP-based interventions in some patients. This study describes two clinical cases to illustrate how personalized externally orienting cues may augment ERP exercises to improve patients’ engagement in therapeutic interventions.The study concludes with discussion of broader implications of the results and with new hypotheses for future investigations.HighlightsInternal preoccupations negatively impact executive function in OCD.Externally orienting cues improve readiness to respond to external stimuli in OCD.Externally orienting cues improve efficacy of conflict processing in OCD.Effects of externally orienting cues vary across obsessive-compulsive themes.Efficacy of ERP could be improved by augmenting with externally orienting cues.
A method to predict structural dynamic strain based on acceleration signal
Authors: Zhang Yujie , Niu Wenchao , Li Bin 
Published: September 2022

Purpose
Structural stress and strain in the key components of aircraft structure is important for structural health monitoring and strength assessment. However, the measure of dynamic strain is often difficult to implement because of the complex test equipment and inconvenient measure points, especially in flight test. This study aims to propose an algorithm of dynamic strain estimation using the acceleration response in time domain to simplify the measure of dynamic strain.

Design/methodology/approach
The relationship between the strain and acceleration response is established through the sinusoidal response or modal analysis, which is insensitive to the excitation position and form. A band-pass filter is used to obtain the modal acceleration response, and a filter frequency band selection method is proposed. Then, the dynamic strain at the concerned points can be estimated based on the modal superposition principle.

Findings
Simulation and experiment are implemented to validate the applicability and effectiveness of the strain estimation method. The estimated strain results agree well with numerical simulation as well as the experimental results. The simplicity and accuracy of the strain estimation method show practicability for dynamic strength and fatigue analysis in engineering applications.

Originality/value
An algorithm of dynamic strain estimation using the acceleration response in time domain is developed. A band-pass filter is used to obtain the modal acceleration response, and a filter frequency band selection method is proposed. The dynamic strain at the concerned points can be estimated based on the modal superposition principle.