bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recycling Spent-Die Cleaning Solution Waste into Low-Density Nano-aluminum Fluoride for Sustainable Resource Management
Authors: El-Nahas Safaa , Aadli Ahmed S. , Salman Hassan M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
An alternative two-step process has been disclosed for manufacturing low-density nano-AlF3 from aluminum waste material to achieve sustainability resources preservation. The method involves utilizing spent die-cleaning solution waste as a raw-material, which is a by-product resulting from detaching the attached aluminum metal in the die cast during extrusion process. The first step involves the extraction of aluminum hydroxide (gibbsite) from spent-die cleaning solution through a carbonation process in the presence of specific carbon blocks. The second step involves the conversion of gibbsite to low-density non-gelatinous nano-AlF3 using hydrofluoric acid and ammonia solution. The adding of different volumes of hydrofluoric acid and their effect on aluminum fluoride formation was investigated. The role of polyethylene glycol to form non-gelatinous aluminum fluoride was investigated. The two-step process has been successful in achieving a great demand for cheap sources of raw materials.
Low-Temperature Carbonization of Phosphorus-Doped Nanocellulose for Carbon Nanofiber Film Fabrication
Authors: Suman  , Borkar Tushar , Bajaj Bharat 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Nanocellulose extracted from agro-waste rice straw has been utilized to fabricate carbon nanofiber films. The nanocellulose-based films were drop-casted and underwent a two-step thermal treatment: stabilization at 180°C in air and carbonization at 700°C in a nitrogen atmosphere. Phosphoric acid (PA) was incorporated into the nanocellulose solution, resulting in a 17% reduction in stabilization activation energy and a 20% increase in carbonization yield. Additionally, PA facilitated phosphorus doping, leading to a phosphorus concentration of up to 5%, and enhanced the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area from 223 m2 g−1 to 334 m2 g−1. Structural analysis via XRD, Raman spectroscopy, and TEM confirmed the formation of a turbostratic graphitic structure in the PA-doped carbon nanofiber films. This increased surface area and graphitic structure make the films highly promising for diverse applications, including flame-retardant coatings, sensors, energy storage devices, and biomedical uses.
Quercetin Derivatives from Bidens pilosa Suppressed Cell Proliferation via Inhibition of RSK2 Kinase and Aldose Reductase Enzymes: UPLC-MS/MS, GC–MS, In Vitro, and Computational Studies
Authors: Ali Doaa S. , El-Haddad Alaadin E. , Mohamed Hussein S. , El-Bassuony Ashraf A. , Hegab Momtaz M. , AbdElgayed Gehad , Ebaid Hossam , Ahmed Shimaa A. , Kamel Emadeldin M. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractTraditionally, Bidenspilosa L. is an edible herb utilized for various ailments. The study accomplished a complete analysis of B. pilosa extract including UPLC/T-TOF–MS/MS, GC–MS, and in vitro antiproliferative activity, in addition to molecular docking on kinase and aldose reductase enzymes. From GC–MS analysis, the percentage of identified unsaturated fatty acids (FAs) (11.38%) was greater than saturated FAs (8.69%), while the sterols percent (39.92%) was higher than the hydrocarbons percent (6.6%). Oleic and palmitic acids are the major FAs (9.48% and 6.14%, respectively). Phytochemical profile uncovered the presence of quercetin, kaempferol, myricetin, and isorhamnetin aglycones and/or glycoside derivatives alongside apigenin, acacetin, and luteolin derivatives. B. pilosa extract suppressed cell proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner against SNB-19 and SK-MEL-5 cell lines (IC50 1.66 ± 0.06 and 4.04 ± 0.14 mg/mL, respectively). These potentials aligned with the molecular docking results on aldose reductase and kinase enzymes with promising binding affinities (− 5.3 to − 8.89 kcal mol−1). B. pilosa metabolites were found as kinases and aldose reductase inhibitors, which rationalize their antiproliferative activity. Unfortunately, toxicity assessments were not performed to assess the safety of B. pilosa extract. Assessment of the therapeutic efficiency via in vivo and clinical studies is required.
Human Brain Organoids and the Mereological Fallacy
Authors: Owen Matthew , Hight Darren , Hudetz Anthony G. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSietske A.L. van Till and Eline M. Bunnik (2024) have recently expressed a concern about science miscommunication regarding human brain organoids. They worry that the mereological fallacy is often being committed when the possibility of brain organoid psychological capacities such as consciousness and intelligence are considered, especially by bioethicists discussing the moral status of human brain organoids. Focusing specifically on one psychological capacity, namely consciousness, this article begins with a brief introduction to van Till and Bunnik’s concern about the mereological fallacy as it relates to brain organoids. It is then shown that whether the mereological fallacy is being committed depends on commitments in philosophy of mind about how consciousness relates to the brain and its neural mechanisms. This is demonstrated by appealing to two different example views about the ontology of consciousness embraced by J.J.C. Smart’s type identity theory and a version of hylomorphism. The article ends with a discussion of how neurobiological theories of consciousness can be intertwined with ontological commitments about consciousness that have significant implications for HBOs. An awareness of this can yield a philosophically informed application of neurobiological theories to the topic of whether HBOs could be conscious.
Platoon intelligence: edge learning in vehicle platooning networks
Authors: Zhao Junhui , Ma Xiaoting , Yang Wenqi , Li Huaicheng , Wang Dongming 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWith the increasing computing capacity of intelligent connected vehicles (ICVs), there will be a considerable amount of spare resources available in the vehicle cluster. It is necessary to make full use of these spare resources. In this paper, we investigate a platoon intelligence-based edge learning (PIEL) framework for the deep integration of terminal and network edge. Specifically, this paper discusses the characteristics and applications of platooning in edge learning and introduces the general architecture of PIEL. Subsequently, we conduct a discussion on the learning scheduling based on PIEL, including co-scheduling in the Intra-Platoon, Inter-Platoon, and Platoon-edge cases. An intelligent decision-making methodology framework for PIEL is also presented. Finally, we discuss future research opportunities on PIEL to achieve platoon intelligence. We believe that this investigation will elicit escalating attentions, stimulate fruitful discussions, and inspire further research ideas on edge intelligence.
The architecture of language: Understanding the mechanics behind LLMs
Authors: Ferraris Andrea Filippo , Audrito Davide , Caro Luigi Di , Poncibò Cristina 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Large language models (LLMs) have significantly advanced artificial intelligence (AI) and natural language processing (NLP) by excelling in tasks like text generation, machine translation, question answering and sentiment analysis, often rivaling human performance. This paper reviews LLMs’ foundations, advancements and applications, beginning with the transformative transformer architecture, which improved on earlier models like recurrent neural networks and convolutional neural networks through self-attention mechanisms that capture long-range dependencies and contextual relationships. Key innovations such as masked language modeling and causal language modeling underpin leading models like Bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT) and the Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT) series. The paper highlights scaling laws, model size increases and advanced training techniques that have driven LLMs’ growth. It also explores methodologies to enhance their precision and adaptability, including parameter-efficient fine-tuning and prompt engineering. Challenges like high computational demands, biases and hallucinations are addressed, with solutions such as retrieval-augmented generation to improve factual accuracy. By discussing LLMs’ strengths, limitations and transformative potential, this paper provides researchers, practitioners and students with a comprehensive understanding. It underscores the importance of ongoing research to improve efficiency, manage ethical concerns and shape the future of AI and language technologies.
The changing demographics and severity in hospitalized patients across COVID-19 variants: A national cohort study
Authors: Parajuli Priyanka , Phipps Lara A.C. , Sabo Roy , Alsaadawi Rasha , Robinson Amanda , French Evan , Sterling Richard K. ,   N3C. consortium
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Introduction:
The respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has undergone genetic evolution and led to variants of concern that vary in transmissibility and clinical severity.

Methods:
This retrospective cohort analysis studied 232,364 hospitalized COVID-19-positive patients in the National COVID Cohort Collaborative [April 27, 2020 and June 25, 2022]. The primary outcomes were to compare demographics and need for mechanical ventilation and 30-day mortality across variants including Alpha (B.1.1.7), Delta (B.1.617.2), and Omicron (B.1.1.529).

Results:
The severity of SARS-CoV-2 decreased in the omicron-subsequent wave with decreased utilization of mechanical ventilation and decreased 30-day mortality among patients with comorbidities like diabetes mellitus, obesity, and liver disease. Although with each subsequent wave, the sex distribution remained equal and constant, there was an increase in rates of diabetes, liver disease, and respiratory disease amongst patients hospitalized with COVID-19 over the COVID waves despite the decreasing 30-day mortality and mechanical ventilation.

Conclusions:
Despite changes in demographics over time, more recent COVID waves were associated with decreasing severity and mortality. These observations will help guide specific and effective resource allocation and patient care.
The Social Cost of Blockchain: Externalities, Allocation of Property Rights, and the Role of the Law
Authors: Martino Edoardo D. , Ringe W. Georg 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In the past decade, the legal and economic literature on blockchain technology and its applications has flourished. This new technology holds great promise for enhancing the efficiency of contracting. Building on the classic Coase theorem, blockchain as a decentralised mechanism of decision-making should be superior to centralised regulation, possibly yielding substantial efficiency gains. Notably, it also has the potential to improve the allocation of property rights and reduce transaction costs.
However, many of these enthusiastic views about what blockchain technology may bring are overblown. This article demonstrates that blockchain creates a variety of new externalities, which cannot be addressed by the decentralised actors using it. The most obvious of them is the environmental externality stemming from the energy-intensive mining process. In addition, more immediate externalities emerge, for example through the operational and legal risks of being part of a blockchain transaction, which are particularly evident in the crypto economy. Moreover, issues surrounding blockchain governance may exacerbate these challenges.
In conclusion, we propose several regulatory strategies to mitigate these shortcomings and harness the full potential of blockchain technology.
Into Buddhism, Yet Hardly an Escape: Monk Dangui and the High Qing Censorship against Him
Authors: Lin Hsueh-Yi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In 1775, during the process of collecting books for the Siku quanshu project, an empire-wide literary inquisition was imposed on the deceased monk Jinshi Dangui (1614–80). As the curious case of censorship developed, the trials not only diminished a major Cantonese monastic community and an old bannermen family but also inspired several imperially commissioned historiographical projects. Exploring the historical significance of the Dangui case at the nexus of early Qing Buddhist networks, Qing imperial control, and the politics of historical memory, this study unravels a multi-layered story of the posthumous censorship of Monk Dangui. It cross-examines a broad range of sources including imperial archives, gazetteers, biji, personal records, and literary anthologies to reconstruct a remarkable moment in High Qing censorship and to present a history of a displaced Buddhist community during the Ming–Qing transition; both became obscured after the Qianlong reconstruction of the imperial order.
Institutional Complexity and Corporate Environmental Investments: Evidence from China's Mixed-Ownership Reform of State-Owned Enterprises
Authors: Li Huiying , Chang Yu , Wang Xinchun , Zhang Nan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWhile environmental concerns are increasingly driving firms’ strategic decisions, insights into why firms make heterogeneous environmental investments are limited. Taking an institutional view, we explore the effect of institutional complexity resulting from multiple but incongruent institutional logics within an organization on firms’ environmental investments. Using China's mixed-ownership reform as a research context, we identify a unique condition in which institutional complexity arises as the privatization process results in two coexisting but incongruent institutional logics – namely, state and financial logic. We further propose that privatization plays both enabling and constraining roles in state-owned enterprises’ (SOEs’) strategic decisions about environmental investments, depending on the relative dominance of each institutional logic, resulting in an inverted U-shaped relationship between privatization and environmental investments. Moreover, we examine the moderating effects of CEO background characteristics and firms’ external environmental context to uncover how these factors influence the relative dominance of state or financial logic in privatized SOEs, thereby reshaping SOEs’ environmental investments. Analyses of multisource panel data from Chinese listed SOEs from 2013 to 2020 support our theoretical propositions. The findings contribute to the literature on how institutional factors affect firm environmental practices and provide new insights to better understand the influence of institutional complexity on firm strategic actions.
A new species of Heligmostrongylus Travassos 1917 (Nematoda: Heligmonellidae) in small rodents (Cricetidae and Heteromyidae) from Mexico
Authors: Panti-May J.A. , Chan-Casanova A.J. , Digiani M.C. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A new species of Heligmostrongylus (Nematoda: Heligmonellidae) is described from the small rodents Ototylomys phyllotis (Cricetidae: Tylomyinae) and Heteromys gaumeri (Heteromyidae: Heteromyinae) in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico, based on studies of light and scanning electron microscopy, and partial sequences of COI, ITS1 and 28S rRNA. Heligmostrongylus yucatanensis n. sp. is characterized by a synlophe of 13 interrupted ridges (except those forming careen) in both sexes at midbody; males with a ventral cuticle inflation at anterior region of copulatory bursa, rays 9 and 10 long, comparable in length, and rays 9 strongly curved laterally at a right angle crossing ventrally rays 8; and females with a torsion of 180° to left of the posterior extremity. These characteristics were shared with Heligmostrongylus nematodes reported previously from O. phyllotis and Peromyscus yucatanicus (Cricetidae: Neotominae) also in the Yucatan Peninsula. The absence of intraspecific sequence variations in COI, and the low variation in D2-D3 expansion segments of 28S rRNA and ITS1 among the specimens obtained from the different hosts provided strong support that the worms found in the three rodent species belong to the same new species. The nine previously known species of Heligmostrongylus have been reported from caviomorph rodents of the families Cuniculidae, Dasyproctidae, Echimyidae, and Erethizontidae from the Neotropics. The occurrence of H. yucatanensis in three phylogenetically distant rodent species suggests that this nematode species could have the ability to expand its host range by colonizing new hosts.
How can actuarial science contribute to the field of health technology assessment? An interdisciplinary perspective
Authors: Espinosa Oscar , Drummond Michael , Russo Ellyn , Williams David , Wix Donna 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A reflective analysis is presented on the potential added value that actuarial science can contribute to the field of health technology assessment. This topic is discussed based on the experience of several experts in health actuarial science and health economics. Different points are addressed, such as the role of actuarial science in health, actuarial judgment, data inputs and their quality, modeling methodologies and the use of decision-analytic models in the age of artificial intelligence, and the development of innovative pricing and payment models.
Mean field limits of co-evolutionary signed heterogeneous networks
Authors: Gkogkas Marios Antonios , Kuehn Christian , Xu Chuang 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Many science phenomena are modelled as interacting particle systems (IPS) coupled on static networks. In reality, network connections are far more dynamic. Connections among individuals receive feedback from nearby individuals and make changes to better adapt to the world. Hence, it is reasonable to model myriad real-world phenomena as co-evolutionary (or adaptive) networks. These networks are used in different areas including telecommunication, neuroscience, computer science, biochemistry, social science, as well as physics, where Kuramoto-type networks have been widely used to model interaction among a set of oscillators. In this paper, we propose a rigorous formulation for limits of a sequence of co-evolutionary Kuramoto oscillators coupled on heterogeneous co-evolutionary networks, which receive both positive and negative feedback from the dynamics of the oscillators on the networks. We show under mild conditions, the mean field limit (MFL) of the co-evolutionary network exists and the sequence of co-evolutionary Kuramoto networks converges to this MFL. Such MFL is described by solutions of a generalised Vlasov equation. We treat the graph limits as signed graph measures, motivated by the recent work in [Kuehn, Xu. Vlasov equations on digraph measures, JDE, 339 (2022), 261–349]. In comparison to the recently emerging works on MFLs of IPS coupled on non-co-evolutionary networks (i.e., static networks or time-dependent networks independent of the dynamics of the IPS), our work seems the first to rigorously address the MFL of a co-evolutionary network model. The approach is based on our formulation of a generalisation of the co-evolutionary network as a hybrid system of ODEs and measure differential equations parametrised by a vertex variable, together with an analogue of the variation of parameters formula, as well as the generalised Neunzert’s in-cell-particle method developed in [Kuehn, Xu. Vlasov equations on digraph measures, JDE, 339 (2022), 261–349].
Digital empowerment for rural migrant students in China: Identity, investment, and digital literacies beyond the classroom
Authors: Liu Guangxiang Leon 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Drawing upon Darvin and Norton’s (2015) model of investment, this article examines how Xing and Jimmy (both pseudonyms) as two male Chinese English as a foreign language learners from rural migrant backgrounds negotiate their identities and assemble their social and cultural resources to invest in autonomous digital literacies for language learning and the assertion of a legitimate place in urban spaces. Employing a connective ethnographic design, this study collected data through interviews, reflexive journals, digital artifacts, and on-campus observations. Data were analyzed using an inductive thematic approach as well as within- and cross-case data analysis methods. The findings indicate that Xing and Jimmy experienced a profound sense of alienation and exclusion as they migrated from under-resourced rural spaces to the urban elite field. The unequal power relations in urban classrooms subjected them to marginalized and inadequate rural identities by denying them the right to speak and be heard. However, engaging with digital literacies in the wild allowed these migrant learners to access a wide range of linguistic, cultural, and symbolic resources, empowering them to reframe their identities as legitimate English speakers. The acquisition of such legitimacy enabled them to challenge the prevailing rural–urban exclusionary ideologies to claim the right to speak. This article closes by offering implications for empowering rural migrant students as socially competent members of the Chinese higher education system in the digital age.
Modeled Surf‐Zone Eddies on a Laboratory Scale Barred Beach With Varying Wave Conditions
Authors: Nuss Emma S. , Moulton Melissa , Suanda Sutara H. , Baker Christine M. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractTransient rip currents drive cross‐shore transport of nutrients, larvae, sediment, and other particulate matter. These currents are driven by short‐crested wave breaking, which is associated with rotational wave‐breaking forces (vorticity forcing) that generate horizontal rotational motions (eddies) at small scales. Energy from small‐scale eddies is transferred to larger‐scale eddies that interact and enhance cross‐shore exchange. Previous numerical modeling work on planar beaches has shown that cross‐shore exchange increases with increasing wave directional spread, but this relationship is not established for barred beaches, and processes connecting the wavefield to cross‐shore exchange are not well constrained. We investigate surf‐zone eddy processes using numerical simulations (FUNWAVE‐TVD) and large‐scale laboratory observations of varying offshore wave directional spreads (0 to ) and peak period (1.5–2.5 s) on an alongshore uniform barred beach. We find that mean breaking crest length decreases, while crest end density (number of crest ends in a given area) increases, with increasing directional spread. In contrast, vorticity forcing, offshore low‐frequency rotational motion, and cross‐shore exchange peak at intermediate directional spreads . Distributions of the strength of vorticity forcing per crest and across the surf zone suggest that the peak in vorticity forcing at intermediate spreads results from a combination of a larger total breaking area and relatively long crests with large forcing, despite a lower total number of crests. However, low‐frequency rotational motion within the surf zone does not peak at mid‐directional spread, instead plateauing at directional spreads greater than . Results suggest that eddy‐eddy interaction, the transformation of vorticity across the surf zone, and influence of bathymetry are fruitful topics for future work.