bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Precision Medicine: Historiography of Life Sciences and the Geneticization of the Clinics**
Authors: Löwy Ilana 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn 2013, Hans Jörg Rheinberger proposed that Mendelian genetics and molecular biology were “scientific ideologies,” that is, for him they are systems of thought whose objects are hyperbolic; they are not, or not yet, in the realm of and not, or not yet, under the control of that system. This article proposes that precision medicine today is a scientific ideology and analyses the implications of this statement for historians of biology, genetics, and medicine.
The Electrophoretic Revolution in the 1960s: Historical Epistemology Meets the Global History of Science and Technology**
Authors: Suárez‐Díaz Edna 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis paper useszone electrophoresis, one of the most frequently used tools in molecular biology, to explore two ideas derived from Hans‐Jörg Rheinberger's reflections on experiments. First, the constraining role played by technical objects—instrumentation and material conditions—in the production of knowledge or epistemic things. Second, the production of interconnected experimental systems by such technical objects, which results in the unexpected entanglement of research fields and experimental cultures. By the beginning of the 1960s, the inception of zone electrophoresis in laboratories around the world transformed—some say, revolutionized—the study of proteins. Even today, electrophoresis continues to open research venues and questions in biomedicine, molecular biology, human genetics, and in the field of molecular evolution. In my essay, I seek to look at the interconnected lives of zone electrophoresis and address the broader social, and even global context, in which this apparently humble technique became a salient tool in the production of biological knowledge. In so doing, I aim to take the past and present of the history and historiography of experimental systems to the future, where experiments and technologies are interrogated as they are used in different geographies and contexts, including contexts of poverty.
Of Some Paradoxes in the Historiography of Molecular Biology**
Authors: de Chadarevian Soraya 
Published: September 2022

AbstractJust when molecular biology is arguably delivering on some of its long‐promised medical applications—think mRNA vaccines, monoclonal antibody drugs, PCR testing, and gene therapies—the history of molecular biology has lost much of its shine. What not too long ago seemed like a burgeoning field of research with endless possibilities, is now often reduced to the “central dogma” that saw its apotheosis in the effort to sequence the human genome but has since unraveled. The essay will discuss several possible answers to this apparent paradox.
Tactile Vision, Epistemic Things and Data Visualization**
Authors: Borck Cornelius 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHans‐Jörg Rheinberger constructed his historical epistemology of epistemic things by analyzing experimental practices in molecular biology during the 1970s and 80s. With genetic sequencing and multi‐omics approaches, data has become a new resource in the life sciences, questioning the applicability of his concept of experimental system. By historicizing Rheinberger's epistemology, the paper focuses on its relatedness to Ludwik Fleck's notion of an aviso of resistance and points to a gradual shift in Rheinberger's emphasis, moving from an initial focus on writing and its differentiality to work on materials, preparations, and representations. By anchoring visualization in these material practices, Rheinberger also sheds new light on the changing conditions of experimentation in the life sciences due to big data, where visualization emphasizes patterns and correlations rather than substrates.
In the Circulation Sphere of the Biomolecular Age: Economics and Gender Matter**
Authors: von Schwerin Alexander 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis contribution draws attention to the circulation of materialities and persons as a central feature in the constitution of experimental cultures. The protein and ribosome research at the Max Planck Society (MPG)—with a main focus on the research conducted by Brigitte Wittmann‐Liebold at the Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics—serves as an example to highlight some of the central conditions that determined the material circulation in molecular biology: the very organizational framework of gender and economics. In doing so, this contribution argues for a historical narrative that stresses the conditions facilitating the circulation of technologies, materials, and personnel. Histories of this kind contribute to an integrated view of the scientific, technological, social, political, economic, and cultural specificities of experimental cultures.
Hans‐Jörg Rheinberger as a Philosopher of Time**
Authors: Zimmermann Michael F. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWhen Hans‐Jörg Rheinberger proposed the concept ofepistemic things, he drew inspiration from the art historian George Kubler, who had considered the aesthetic object as resulting from problem‐solving processes inThe Shape of Time(1962). Kubler also demonstrated that a sequence of objects could retrace the progress that led to a solution that was afterwards accepted as the most classical. Parallel to Kubler, Rheinberger demonstrates how temporally extended activities of experimentation are condensed in the object, revealing the moments of innovation that lead to it. In the history of science as well as in art history, varioustrajectoriescan thus be grasped in the materially given. Rheinberger conceives of an object as a network of heterogeneoustime strings. However, these are manifold: they cannot be thought of as making up a homogeneous temporality encompassing all the others as a temporal container and synchronizing them within it. Since the discovery of the Anthropocene, we no longer separate natural from cultural time, and no hegemonic historical narrative can be taken as unifying all the others. Historical epistemology as proposed by Rheinberger will be read as a contribution to constructing new models of natural as well as of cultural time.
Evaluation of a tablet‐based assessment tool for measuring cognition among children 4–6 years of age in Ghana
Authors: Yuan Haiying , Ocansey Maku , Adu‐Afarwuah Seth , Sheridan Margaret , Hamoudi Amar , Okronipa Harriet , Kumordzie Sika M. , Oaks Brietta M. , Prado Elizabeth 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate several basic psychometric properties, including construct, convergent and discriminant validity, of the tablet‐based Rapid Assessment of Cognitive and Emotional Regulation (RACER) among children aged 4–6 years in Ghana.MethodsWe investigated whether RACER tasks administered to children in Ghana could successfully reproduce expected patterns of performance previously found in high‐income countries on similar tasks assessing inhibitory control (e.g., slower responses on inhibition trials), declarative memory (e.g., higher accuracy on previously seen items), and procedural memory (e.g., faster responses on sequence blocks). Next, we assessed the validity of declarative memory and inhibitory control scores by examining associations of these scores with corresponding paper‐based test scores and increasing child age. Lastly, we examined whether RACER was more sensitive than paper‐based tests to environmental risk factors common in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs).ResultsOf the 966 children enrolled, more than 96% completed the declarative memory and inhibitory control tasks; however, around 30% of children were excluded from data analysis on the procedural memory task due to missing more than half of trials. The performance of children in Ghana replicated previously documented patterns of performance. RACER inhibitory control accuracy score was significantly correlated with child age (r (929) = .09, p = .007). However, our findings did not support other hypotheses.ConclusionsThe high task completion rates and replication of expected patterns support that certain RACER sub‐tasks are feasible for measuring child cognitive development in LMIC settings. However, this study did not provide evidence to support that RACER is a valid tool to capture meaningful individual differences among children aged 4–6 years in Ghana.
Is corporate greening beneficial? Exploring the relationship between perceived corporate environmental behavior and organizational citizenship behavior
Authors: Lu Hui , Yang Fang , Xu Shen , Liu Xia , Yang Zhilin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBased on the social identity theory, this study investigates whether and how employee perceptions of corporate environmental behavior (CEB) influence the realization of an organization's internal value. Using employees' organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) as a direct agent for corporate internal value, the current study constructs a theoretical model of perceived CEB and OCB, with work meaningfulness and person–organization (P‐O) value fit serving as mediator and moderator, respectively. After analyzing 235 questionnaire samples, we discovered that the perceived CEB positively influenced OCB via work meaningfulness and that this positive effect was strengthened by a greater P‐O value fit. These findings suggest that in the process of motivating employees to implement OCB, firms should address the significance of internal driving roles of work meaningfulness and boundary‐spanning roles of P‐O value fit in order to enhance corporate internal value and correct managers' misconceptions about the value of CEB.
Double laterally moved coronally advanced flap combined with a connective tissue graft plus enamel matrix derivatives for the management of adjacent deep gingival recessions in lower incisors: A case report
Authors: Vilarrasa Javi , Blasi Gonzalo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundSeveral surgical approaches have been described for the management of deep adjacent gingival recessions (GRs) in the lower anterior sextant with contrasting clinical outcomes. A modified surgical technique is presented, which consists of a double laterally moved and coronally advanced flaps in combination with a connective tissue graft (CTG) and enamel matrix derivatives (EMDs).Methods and ResultsA 42‐year‐old systemically healthy female presented with dentin hypersensitivity and discomfort while brushing on two adjacent Cairo recession Type 2 of 7‐mm depth with a narrow band of keratinized tissue in the lower incisors. The root coverage procedure was performed using a double laterally rotated and coronally advanced flap combined with a CTG harvested from the lateral palate and EMD. At 1‐year follow‐up, 85% of both of the roots were covered and 6 mm of keratinized tissue width was gained.ConclusionThe presented technique is a predictable procedure for treating adjacent and deep GRs in the anterior sextant whenever keratinized tissue lateral to the gingival defects is available.Key pointsWhy is this case new information?

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report in the literature using a double laterally moved and coronally advanced flap combined with EMD and CTG for adjacent deep recessions.
What are the keys to successful management of this case?

Flap design, handling of the bilateral pedicles, and suture technique are the most important factors to obtain a predictable root coverage.
What are the primary limitations to success in this case?

Lack of keratinized tissue lateral to the recession defects, flap tension, and interproximal attachment loss are the main limitations to succeed with this technique.
Effects of Lipophilicity and Structural Features on the Antiherpes Activity of Digitalis Cardenolides and Derivatives
Authors: de Pádua Rodrigo Maia , Kratz Jadel Müller , Munkert Jennifer , Bertol Jéssica Wildgrube , Rigotto Caroline , Schuster Daniela , Maltarollo Vinícius Gonçalves , Kreis Wolfgang , Simões Cláudia Maria Oliveira , Braga Fernão Castro 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThere is growing interest in exploring Digitalis cardenolides as potential antiviral agents. Hence, we herein investigated the influence of structural features and lipophilicity on the antiherpes activity of 65 natural and semisynthetic cardenolides assayed in vitro against HSV‐1. The presence of an α,β‐unsaturated lactone ring at C‐17, a β‐hydroxy group at C‐14 and C‐3β‐OR substituents were considered essential requirements for this biological activity. Glycosides were more active than their genins, especially monoglycosides containing a rhamnose residue. The activity enhanced in derivatives bearing an aldehyde group at C‐19 instead of a methyl group, whereas inserting a C‐5β‐OH improved the antiherpes effect significantly. The cardenolides lipophilicity was accessed by measuring experimentally their log P values (n‐octanol‐water partition coefficient) and disclosed a range of lipophilicity (log P 0.75±0.25) associated with the optimal antiherpes activity. In silico studies were carried out and resulted in the establishment of two predictive models potentially useful to identify and/or optimize novel antiherpes cardenolides. The effectiveness of the models was confirmed by retrospective analysis of the studied compounds. This is the first SAR study addressing the antiherpes activity of cardenolides. The developed computational models were able to predict the active cardenolides and their log P values.
Phytochemical Composition and Biological Activities of Angelica sylvestris L. var. stenoptera Avé‐Lall ex Boiss.: An Endangered Medicinal Plant of Northeast Turkey
Authors: Karaçelik Ayça Aktaş , Türkuçar Semra Alkan , Karaköse Mustafa 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAngelica sylvestris L. var. stenoptera Avé‐Lall ex Boiss. (ASS) is an endangered endemic plant to Turkey. The objective of the study was to determine antioxidant activities, total phenolics, and phytochemical properties of methanolic extracts (MEs) and essential oil (EO) from ASS for the first time with the methods of 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH⋅) radical scavenging activities, 2,2‐azinobis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid (ABTS⋅+), ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP), the Folin–Ciocalteu, liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS), and gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS), respectively. The leaf extract of ASS was found to be the richest in phenolic content (543.91±6.33 GAE, μg/mL) and showed the highest DPPH⋅ and FRAP activities (IC50: 0.1140±0.0011 mg/mL, 675.62±15.01 μM TEAC). EO of ASS root showed DPPH⋅ and FRAP activities (IC50: 1.3248±0.0572 mg/mL, 346.67±12.75 μM TEAC). 19 phenolics were detected in MEs of different parts of ASS by LC/MS/MS. In the chemical composition of ASS root EO by GC/MS, globulol (70.70 %) was found to be the major compound. Our results indicate that ASS can be used a source of phytochemicals and antioxidants for conservation and sustainability of endangered plants.
Melatonin prevents diabetes‐induced nephropathy by modulating the AMPK/SIRT1 axis: Focus on autophagy and mitochondrial dysfunction
Authors: Siddhi Jain , Sherkhane Bhoomika , Kalavala Anil Kumar , Arruri Vijay , Velayutham Ravichandiran , Kumar Ashutosh 
Published: September 2022

AbstractImpaired nutrient sensing mechanisms such as AMPK/silent information regulator type 1 (SIRT1) axis and autophagy in renal cells upon chronic diabetic condition accelerate renal injury and upregulating these mechanisms has been reported to prevent renal damage. Melatonin, a neuroendocrine agent, also possess antioxidant and AMPK modulatory effect. In the current study, the protective effect of melatonin against diabetic renal injury was assessed in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic nephropathy model and in in vitro model of high‐glucose‐induced tubular injury. Melatonin (3 and 10 mg/kg) was administered for 28 days after 4 weeks of diabetes induction in Sprague–Dawley rats. For in vitro model, the NRK‐52E cells were co‐incubated with high glucose and melatonin (25 and 50 μM). Melatonin supplementation abrogated the diabetes‐induced renal injury and improved renal function in diabetic rats. Immunoblot analysis of renal tissue lysates revealed improved expression of AMPK, as well as upregulated the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2, SIRT1, PGC‐1α, TFAM and enhanced autophagy upon melatonin treatment in diabetic rats. Likewise, melatonin treatment in high glucose exposed NRK‐52E cells improved expression of AMPK, enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis and positively modulated autophagy. However, these effects were repressed upon inhibition of AMPK activity in NRK‐52E cells by treatment of Compound‐C, suggesting that the protective effects of melatonin were mainly mediated through activation of AMPK. These results suggest that melatonin might mediate the renoprotective effect by upregulating the AMPK/SIRT1 axis, enhancing the autophagy and mitochondrial health in DIabetic Nephropathy.
Drag models coupled with CFD–PBM method for simulation in bubble columns
Authors: Qi Mengtong , Jia Xiangfei , Chen Jianpei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this study, three‐dimensional numerical simulation of gas–liquid flow in bubble columns was realized by using the computation fluid dynamics (CFD)–population balance model (PBM). The new drag model improves the stability‐constrained multi‐fluid (SCMF‐C) model because of the consideration of the wake accelerating and the hindering effects for calculating the drag correction factor. The gas holdup, axial liquid velocity, and bubble size distribution (BSD) predicted by four drag models at 0.02 and 0.1 m/s were compared. The results revealed that the proposed drag model can provide excellent predictions for both bubbly and heterogeneous flows. Because the wake accelerating and the hindering effects were considered, reliable predictions were achieved for the gas holdup, and the problem of uniform gas holdup distribution was mitigated. Therefore, the SCMF‐C model can be extended for nonuniform BSD. The gas holdup and liquid velocity increased, and the nonuniformity of radial results became pronounced at 0.1 m/s. The profiles of four drag models were similar at a low height, whereas the difference between the simulations of the four models became obvious with the variation of heights. The results of the four models were accurate, and the BSD was wide at 0.1 m/s. Subsequently, the feasibility of the four drag models was evaluated at 0.2 and 0.4 m/s. The results of the comparison revealed that the proposed drag model exhibited excellent feasibility at higher gas velocities and was powerful for the simulation of bubble columns.
Transient Polymer Hydrogels Based on Dynamic Covalent Borate Ester Bonds
Authors: Zhang Chunxiao , Lu Haoyue , Wang Xu 
Published: September 2022

Comprehensive SummaryIn nature, biological systems maintain their unique structures and functions by using nonequilibrium processes driven by chemical fuels. Inspired by natural systems, transient hydrogel systems based on chemical reaction networks have been developed that are in thermodynamically nonequilibrium states. The formation of dynamic covalent bonds is an effective tool for designing analogous systems. Herein, we design a transient polymer hydrogel based on fuel‐mediated covalent borate ester bonds. The pH‐sensitive covalent borate ester bond is formed by the reaction between polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and boric acid (B(OH)3). Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and 1,3‐propanesulfonate (PrS) are used together as the chemical fuels to temporally control the pH of the system. Meanwhile, the lifetime of the transient hydrogel can be simply controlled by adjusting the composition of the chemical fuel, and the cyclic phase transitions can also be achieved. These programmable transient hydrogels have potential applications in the fields of information transmission and fluid guidance.
Analysis of atherosclerotic plaque distribution in the carotid artery
Authors: Yang Shin‐Seok , Woo Shin‐Young , Kim Dong‐Ik 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe present study was designed to investigate the hypothesis that the outer wall at the carotid bifurcation is the most common area of atherosclerotic plaque deposition due to the low shear stress.HypothesisWe hypothesized that the most common site of arteriosclerosis in carotid arteries is different in the early and late stages.MethodsThis is an observational study of patients with <50% stenosis of the common and internal carotid arteries (ICAs) identified by Duplex ultrasound in our health promotion center. Plaque location was categorized as a quarter of the cross‐section in the distal common carotid artery (CCA) and proximal ICA. Carotid plaque score (CPS) was calculated by the addition of one point for each detected section. The sum of CPSs was calculated for each section.ResultsAmong 3996 Duplex scans of carotid arteries in 999 patients between June 2020 and October 2020, a total of 569 patients (73.6% male; mean age, 68.4± 9.1 years; 652 CCAs and 567 ICAs) were included. Total CPS was high in the anterior and posterior sections. The distribution in the ICA was: 308 (31.0%) anterior, 90 (9.0%) medial, 373 (37.5%) posterior, and 224 (22.5%) lateral section. The distribution in the CCA was 385 (32.6%) anterior, 103 (8.7%) medial, 528 (44.7%) posterior, and 165 (14.0%) lateral section. The axial distribution of posterior and lateral sections was significantly different according to the directional flow (p < .001).ConclusionsAnterior and posterior sections of the CCA and ICA were atherosclerotic plaque‐prone sites. This result is different from the tendency of atherogenesis to affect the lateral section having low shear stress at the carotid bifurcation.
Comparison of incorporation of wild type and mutated actins into sarcomeres in skeletal muscle cells: A fluorescence recovery after photobleaching study
Authors: Wang Jushuo , Fan Yingli , Mittal Balraj , Sanger Jean M. , Sanger Joseph W. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe α‐actin mutation G15R in the nucleotide‐binding pocket of skeletal muscle, causes severe actin myopathy in human skeletal muscles. Expressed in cultured embryonic quail skeletal myotubes, YFP‐G15R‐α‐actin incorporates in sarcomeres in a pattern indistinguishable from wildtype YFP‐α‐actin. However, patches of YFP‐G15R‐α‐actin form, resembling those in patients. Analyses with FRAP of incorporation of YFP‐G15R‐α‐actin showed major differences between fast‐exchanging plus ends of overlapping actin filaments in Z‐bands, versus slow exchanging ends of overlapping thin filaments in the middle of sarcomeres. Wildtype skeletal muscle YFP‐α‐actin shows a faster rate of incorporation at plus ends of F‐actin than at their minus ends. Incorporation of YFP‐G15R‐α‐actin molecules is reduced at plus ends, increased at minus ends. The same relationship of wildtype YFP‐α‐actin incorporation is seen in myofibrils treated with cytochalasin‐D: decreased dynamics at plus ends, increased dynamics at minus ends, and F‐actin aggregates. Speculation: imbalance of normal polarized assembly of F‐actin creates excess monomers that form F‐actin aggregates. Two other severe skeletal muscle YFP‐α‐actin mutations (H40Y and V163L) not in the nucleotide pocket do not affect actin dynamics, and lack F‐actin aggregates. These results indicate that normal α‐actin plus and minus end dynamics are needed to maintain actin filament stability, and avoid F‐actin patches.