bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
De novo stem cell establishment in meristems requires repression of organ boundary cell fate
Authors: Nicolas Antoine , Maugarny-Calès Aude , Adroher Bernard , Chelysheva Liudmila , Li Yu , Burguet Jasmine , Bågman Anne-Maarit , Smit Margot E , Brady Siobhan M , Li Yunhai , Laufs Patrick 
Published: August 2022

AbstractStem cells play important roles in animal and plant biology, as they sustain morphogenesis and tissue replenishment following aging or injury. In plants, stem cells are embedded in multicellular structures called meristems. The formation of new meristems is essential for the plastic expansion of the highly branched shoot and root systems. In particular, axillary meristems (AMs) that produce lateral shoots arise from the division of boundary domain cells at the leaf base. The CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON (CUC) genes are major determinants of the boundary domain and are required for AM initiation. However, how AMs get structured and how stem cells become established de novo remain elusive. Here, we show that two NGATHA-LIKE (NGAL) transcription factors, DEVELOPMENT-RELATED PcG TARGET IN THE APEX4 (DPA4)/NGAL3 and SUPPRESSOR OF DA1-1 7 (SOD7)/NGAL2, redundantly repress CUC expression in initiating AMs of Arabidopsis thaliana. Ectopic boundary fate leads to abnormal growth and organization of the AM and prevents de novo stem cell establishment. Floral meristems of the dpa4 sod7 double mutant show a similar delay in de novo stem cell establishment. Altogether, while boundary fate is required for the initiation of AMs, our work reveals how it is later repressed to allow proper meristem establishment and de novo stem cell niche formation.
Cellular and gene expression patterns associated with root bifurcation inSelaginella
Authors: Motte Hans , Fang Tao , Parizot Boris , Smet Wouter , Yang Xilan , Poelmans Ward , Walker Liam , Njo Maria , Bassel George W , Beeckman Tom 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe roots of lycophytes branch through dichotomy or bifurcation, during which the root apex splits into two daughter roots. This is morphologically distinct from lateral root (LR) branching in the extant euphyllophytes, with LRs developing along the root axis at different distances from the apex. Although the process of root bifurcation is poorly understood, such knowledge can be important, because it may represent an evolutionarily ancient strategy that roots recruited to form new stem cells or meristems. In this study, we examined root bifurcation in the lycophyte Selaginella moellendorffii. We characterized an in vitro developmental time frame based on repetitive apex bifurcations, allowing us to sample different stages of dichotomous root branching and analyze the root meristem and root branching in S. moellendorffii at the microscopic and transcriptomic level. Our results showed that, in contrast to previous assumptions, initial cells (ICs) in the root meristem are mostly not tetrahedral but rather show an irregular shape. Tracking down the early stages of root branching argues for the occurrence of a symmetric division of the single IC, resulting in two apical stem cells that initiate root meristem bifurcation. Moreover, we generated a S. moellendorffii root branching transcriptome that resulted in the delineation of a subset of core meristem genes. The occurrence of multiple putative orthologs of meristem genes in this dataset suggests the presence of conserved pathways in the control of meristem and root stem cell establishment or maintenance.
Fluctuations in pedestrian dynamics routing choices
Authors: Gabbana Alessandro , Toschi Federico , Ross Philip , Haans Antal , Corbetta Alessandro 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Routing choices of walking pedestrians in geometrically complex environments are regulated by the interplay of a multitude of factors such as local crowding, (estimated) time to destination, and (perceived) comfort. As individual choices combine, macroscopic traffic flow patterns emerge. Understanding the physical mechanisms yielding macroscopic traffic distributions in environments with complex geometries is an outstanding scientific challenge, with implications in the design and management of crowded pedestrian facilities. In this work, we analyze, by means of extensive real-life pedestrian tracking data, unidirectional flow dynamics in an asymmetric setting, as a prototype for many common complex geometries. Our environment is composed of a main walkway and a slightly longer detour. Our measurements have been collected during a dedicated high-accuracy pedestrian tracking campaign held in Eindhoven (The Netherlands). We show that the dynamics can be quantitatively modeled by introducing a collective discomfort function, and that fluctuations on the behavior of single individuals are crucial to correctly recover the global statistical behavior. Notably, the observed traffic split substantially departs from an optimal, transport-wise, partition, as the global pedestrian throughput is not maximized.
Nanoscale shape-dependent histone modifications
Authors: Zhang Wei , Li Jingji , Silveira Camila P , Cai Qi , Dawson Kenneth A , Cagney Gerard , Yan Yan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Recent observations suggest a role for complex nanoscale particulate shape in the regulation of specific immune-related cellular and in vivo processes. We suspect that cellular recognition of nanostructure architecture could involve nonmolecular inputs, including cellular transduction of nanoscale spatially resolved stresses induced by complex shape. Here, we report nanoscale shape-dependent control of the cellular epigenome. Interpretation of ChIP-Seq sequencing suggests that differential marking of H3K27me3 may be linked to sensory and synapse-recognition of nanoscale forces induced by complex shape. The observations raise significant questions on the role of particle-shape-induced immune regulation and memory, with potential consequences in both causes and treatment of immune-related disease.
Magnetic fields produced by subsea high-voltage direct current cables reduce swimming activity of haddock larvae (Melanogrammus aeglefinus)
Authors: Cresci Alessandro , Durif Caroline M F , Larsen Torkel , Bjelland Reidun , Skiftesvik Anne Berit , Browman Howard I 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
High-voltage direct current (HVDC) subsea cables are used to transport power between locations and from/to nearshore and offshore facilities. HVDC cables produce magnetic fields (B-fields) that could impact marine fish. Atlantic haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) is a demersal fish that is at risk of exposure to anthropogenic B-fields. Their larvae drift over the continental shelf, and use the Earth's magnetic field for orientation during dispersal. Therefore, anthropogenic magnetic fields from HVDC cables could alter their behavior. We tested the behavior of 92 haddock larvae using a setup designed to simulate the scenario of larvae drifting past a B-field in the intensity range of that produced by a DC subsea cable. We exposed the larvae to a B-field intensity ranging from 50  to 150 µT in a raceway tank. Exposure to the B-field did not affect the spatial distribution of haddock larvae in the raceway. Larvae were categorized by differences in their exploratory behavior in the raceway. The majority (78%) of larvae were nonexploratory, and exposure to the artificial B-field reduced their median swimming speed by 60% and decreased their median acceleration by 38%. There was no effect on swimming of the smaller proportion (22%) of exploratory larvae. These observations support the conclusion that the swimming performance of nonexploratory haddock larvae would be reduced following exposure to B-field from HVDC cables. The selective impact on nonexploratory individuals, and the lack of impact on exploratory individuals, could have population-scale implications for haddock in the wild.
Study of F-wave bottom mesons in heavy quark effective theory
Authors: Garg Ritu , Upadhyay A 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We study F-wave bottom mesons in heavy quark effective theory. The available experimental and theoretical data is used to calculate the masses of F-wave bottom mesons. The decay widths of bottom mesons are analyzed to find upper bounds for the associated couplings. We also construct Regge trajectories for our predicted data in the (J, M2) plane, and our results nicely fit on Regge lines. Our results may provide crucial information for future experimental studies.
A possible solution to the helium anomaly of EMPRESS VIII by cuscuton gravity theory
Authors: Kohri Kazunori , Maeda Kei-ichi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We discuss cosmology based on the cuscuton gravity theory to resolve the anomaly of the observational 4He abundance reported by the EMPRESS collaboration. We find that the gravitational constant Gcos in the Friedmann equation should be smaller than Newton’s constant GN such that ${\Delta G_{\rm N}}/{G_{\rm N}} \equiv (G_{\rm cos}-G_{\rm N})/{G_{\rm N}} = -0.085_{-0.028}^{+0.026} \ (68 \% \text{ C.L.})$ in terms of big-bang nucleosynthesis, which excludes ΔGN = 0 at more than 95% C.L. To fit the data, we obtain a negative mass squared of a non-dynamical scalar field with the Planck-mass scale as $\sim - {\mathcal {O}}(1) {M_{\rm PL}^2} ({\mu }/{0.5 M_{\rm PL}})^{4}$ with the cuscuton mass parameter μ. This fact could suggest the need for modified gravity theories such as the cuscuton gravity theory with a quadratic potential, which can be regarded as the low-energy Hořava–Lifshitz gravity, and might give a hint of quantum gravity.
Determination of Entrance Surface dose for Three Common Planar Diagnostic X-Ray Examinations
Authors: Jeyasugiththan Jeyasingam , Ehalagasthanna G P N T , Hishaam Urshella , Satharasinghe D M 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Patient dose during diagnostic radiography procedures primarily depends on the entrance surface dose (ESD) and the exposure area. The purpose of this study was to determine ESD for five common diagnostic X-ray examinations using dose area product and X-ray tube output. The ESDs were estimated in a sample of 340 patients using normalised X-ray output from Philips–PrimaryDiagnost digital X-ray machine equipped with digital flat panel scintillator detector. The resultant mean ESDs for chest postero-anterior/lateral, lumbar spine antero-posterior (AP)/lateral and abdomen AP were 0.49, 2.00, 5.74, 12.79 and 4.62 mGy, respectively. The mean and third quartile ESD values of this study were significantly higher than the values found in the literature. This can be attributed to the lower tube potential (kVp) values and the higher tube current–time products (mAs). The methodology used here is a better option for low-resources countries for routine dose monitoring.
Heightened COVID-19 Mortality in People With Severe Mental Illness Persists After Vaccination: A Cohort Study of Greater Manchester Residents
Authors: Hassan Lamiece , Sawyer Chelsea , Peek Niels , Lovell Karina , Carvalho Andre F , Solmi Marco , Tilston George , Sperrin Matthew , Firth Joseph 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background and Hypothesis
Previous studies show that people with severe mental illness (SMI) are at higher risk of COVID-19 mortality, however limited evidence exists regarding risk postvaccination. We investigated COVID-19 mortality among people with schizophrenia and other SMIs before, during and after the UK vaccine roll-out.

Study Design
Using the Greater Manchester (GM) Care Record to access routinely collected health data linked with death records, we plotted COVID-19 mortality rates over time in GM residents with schizophrenia/psychosis, bipolar disorder (BD), and/or recurrent major depressive disorder (MDD) from February 2020 to September 2021. Multivariable logistic regression was used to compare mortality risk (risk ratios; RRs) between people with SMI (N = 193 435) and age–sex matched controls (N = 773 734), adjusted for sociodemographic factors, preexisting comorbidities, and vaccination status.

Study Results
Mortality risks were significantly higher among people with SMI compared with matched controls, particularly among people with schizophrenia/psychosis (RR 3.18, CI 2.94–3.44) and/or BD (RR 2.69, CI 2.16–3.34). In adjusted models, the relative risk of COVID-19 mortality decreased, though remained significantly higher than matched controls for people with schizophrenia (RR 1.61, CI 1.45–1.79) and BD (RR 1.92, CI 1.47–2.50), but not recurrent MDD (RR 1.08, CI 0.99–1.17). People with SMI continued to show higher mortality rate ratios relative to controls throughout 2021, during vaccination roll-out.

Conclusions
People with SMI, notably schizophrenia and BD, were at greater risk of COVID-19 mortality compared to matched controls. Despite population vaccination efforts that have prioritized people with SMI, disparities still remain in COVID-19 mortality for people with SMI.
The Geography of Gentrification and Residential Mobility
Authors: Lee Hyojung , Perkins Kristin L 
Published: August 2022

AbstractGentrification research often starts with the hypothesis that gentrification causes displacement of a neighborhood’s original residents, particularly low-income and vulnerable residents. Recent research based on large-scale quantitative data suggests that the displacement effects of gentrification for low-income residents evident from case studies and qualitative data are modest at the macroscale. We use geocoded microdata from the American Community Survey to investigate the association between gentrification and residential mobility in the 2010s, the time period following the Great Recession. Our large national sample allows us to consider heterogeneity in the association between gentrification and residential mobility, investigating differential association by distinct clusters of metropolitan areas. We find a modest positive significant association between moderate and intense gentrification and residential mobility in our full national sample. The national estimates, however, mask considerable heterogeneity in the association between gentrification and residential mobility in different types of metropolitan areas. College Town and Retirement Destination metros see the largest positive association between gentrification and residential mobility, while Large Coastal and Large Southern/Midwestern metros experience a more modest positive association. We find weak or no significant association in Inland Empire/Texas Border metros. We heed a call for more investigation of heterogeneity in neighborhood processes across different contexts.
Should we treat with continuous positive airway pressure severe non-sleepy obstructive sleep apnea individuals without underlying cardiovascular disease?
Authors: Pengo Martino F , Gozal David , Martinez-Garcia Miguel Angel 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The majority of the current international obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) guidelines base the recommendation to treat OSA with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on the presence of symptoms (principally, albeit not exclusively on daytime hypersomnolence). In nonsleepy patients, even with severe OSA, controversies remain, as clear evidence supporting CPAP treatment of this subgroup of OSA patients is lacking. However, given the nonnegligible proportion of non-sleepy OSA patients, clinicians often face a serious dilemma since CPAP treatment in these patients may prove to be not cost-effective. Here, we propose a simple three-step-based algorithm that attempts to better phenotype non-sleepy OSA patients prior to reaching a CPAP treatment decision while also considering a series of clinically relevant elements in the process that may improve with CPAP therapy. Such algorithm focuses on the presence of several OSA symptoms that are susceptible to benefit from treatment and also relies on OSA phenotypes that need to be considered in an effort to achieve optimal cardiovascular prevention. Here, we attempt to establish a framework for clinicians who are evaluating severe nonsleepy OSA patients in their practices. However, the algorithm proposal needs to be extensively validated before being systematically implemented in clinical settings.
Cyto—genotoxicity of crystalline and amorphous niobium (V) oxide nanoparticles in CHO-K1 cells
Authors: Schardosim Raíne Fogliati De Carli , Cardozo Tatiane Rocha , de Souza Ana Paula , Seeber Allan , Flores Wladimir Hernandez , Lehmann Maurício , Dihl Rafael Rodrigues 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Niobium (V) oxide nanoparticles (NINPs) have been widely and increasingly applied in various health products and industrial processes. This merits further study of their toxicity. Here, we investigated the potential of NINPs to induce DNA damage, cytotoxicity, and chromosome instability in cultured CHO-K1 cells. NINPs were physico-chemically characterized. As assessed by comet assay, crystalline and amorphous NINPs were genotoxic at the highest concentrations evaluated. The cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay demonstrated that a 24-h treatment with NINPs, for the crystalline and the amorphous samples, significantly reduced the nuclear division cytotoxicity index. In addition, a 4-h treatment period of crystalline NINPs increased micronucleus (MNi) frequencies. MNi, nucleoplasmic bridges and nuclear buds were detected after exposure of the cells for 24 h to crystalline NINPs. In the amorphous sample, chromosome instability was restricted to the induction of MNi, in the 24-h treatment, detected at all tested concentrations. The fluorescence and dark field microscopy demonstrated the uptake of NINPs by CHO-K1 cells and an intracellular distribution outlining the nucleus. Our data advance understanding of the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of NINPs and should be taken into consideration when setting up guidelines for their use in industrial or health products.
A bioactive component of Portulaca Oleracea L., HM-chromanone, improves palmitate-induced insulin resistance by inhibiting mTOR/S6K1 through activation of the AMPK pathway in L6 skeletal muscle cells
Authors: Park Jae Eun , Han Ji Sook 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Increased free fatty acid levels in the blood are common in obesity and cause insulin resistance associated with type 2 diabetes in the muscles. Previous studies have confirmed the antidiabetic and anti-obesity potential of (E)-5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-3-(2-hydroxybenzyl)-4-chromanone (HM-chromanone). However, it is unknown how HM-chromanone alleviates obesity-related insulin resistance in L6 skeletal muscle cells. Palmitate induced insulin resistance and reduced glucose uptake, whereas HM-chromanone significantly increased glucose uptake. In palmitate-treated L6 skeletal muscle cells, HM-chromanone stimulated liver kinase B1 (LKB1) and 5′-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation. The AMPK inhibitor compound C, and the LKB1 inhibitor radicicol blocked the effects of HM-chromanone. Furthermore, HM-chromanone significantly inhibited mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) activation, but there was no change in protein kinase C θ (PKC θ) expression. When pAMPK was inhibited with compound C, the effect of HM-chromanone on the inhibition of mTOR and S6K1 was significantly diminished. This indicates that HM-chromanone inhibits mTOR and S6K1 activation through pAMPK activation. Inhibition of mTOR and S6K1 by HM-chromanone significantly reduced IRS-1Ser307 and IRS-1Ser632 phosphorylation, leading to insulin resistance. This resulted in an increase in PM-GLUT4 (glucose transporter 4) expression, thereby stimulating glucose uptake in insulin-resistant muscle cells. HM-chromanone can improve palmitate-induced insulin resistance by inhibiting mTOR and S6K1 through activation of the AMPK pathway in L6 skeletal muscle cells. These results show the therapeutic potential of HM-chromanone for improving insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes.
Cochlear implantation: an effective modality for hearing restoration following vestibular schwannoma resection
Authors: Doyle Edward J. , Samy Ravi N. 
Published: August 2022

Purpose of review
Preservation of hearing is one of the tenets of vestibular schwannoma management. In recent years, cochlear implants have been employed with increasing use in patients who have suffered profound sensorineural hearing loss due to the natural history of vestibular schwannoma or due to injury to neurovascular anatomy at time of surgical resection.

Recent findings
Cochlear implantation has been found to be an effective modality for hearing restoration following vestibular schwannoma. Simultaneous cochlear implantation has been employed by an increased number of centers around the world and has been shown to provide restoration of open set speech perception and return of binaural hearing. Ongoing use of electrically evoked auditory brainstem response (ABR) has improved our detection of viable cochlear nerves and provided insight into those who would benefit from this procedure. Finally, minimally invasive approaches to the internal auditory canal and intralabyrinthine tumors have been described. These methods frequently employ simultaneous cochlear implantation and have emphasized that hearing preservation remains possible with surgical excision despite the location of the tumor.

Summary
Cochlear implantation is an effective modality for hearing restoration following vestibular schwannoma excision.
Single cell multiomic analyses reveal divergent effects ofDNMT3AandTET2mutant clonal hematopoiesis in inflammatory response
Authors: Ismail Wazim Mohammed , Fernandez Jenna A. , Binder Moritz , Lasho Terra L. , Kim Minsuk , Geyer Susan M. , Mazzone Amelia , Finke Christy M. , Mangaonkar Abhishek A. , Lee Jeong-Heon , Wang Liguo , Hyun Kim Kwan , Simon Vernadette A. , Rohakthar Fariborz Rakhshan , Munankarmy Amik , Byeon Seul Kee , Schwager Susan M. , Harrington Jonathan J. , Snyder Melissa R. , Robertson Keith D. , Pandey Akhilesh , Wieben Eric D. , Chia Nicholas , Gaspar-Maia Alexandre , Patnaik Mrinal M. 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTDNMT3AandTET2are epigenetic regulators commonly mutated in age related clonal hematopoiesis (CH). Despite having opposed epigenetic functions, these mutations are associated with increased all-cause mortality and a low risk for progression to hematological neoplasms. While individual impacts on the epigenome have been described using different model systems, the phenotypic complexity in humans remains to be elucidated. Here we make use of a natural inflammatory response occurring during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), to understand the association of these mutations with inflammatory morbidity and mortality. We demonstrate the age-independent, negative impact ofDNMT3Amutant CH on COVID-19-related cytokine release severity and mortality. Using single cell proteogenomics we show thatDNMT3Amutations involve cells of myeloid and lymphoid lineages. Using single cell multiomics sequencing, we identify cell-specific gene expression changes associated withDNMT3Amutations, along with significant epigenomic deregulation affecting enhancer accessibility, resulting in overexpression of IL32, a proinflammatory cytokine that can result in inflammasome activation in monocytes and macrophages. Finally, we show with single cell resolution that the loss of function of DNMT3A is directly associated with increased chromatin accessibility in mutant cells. Together, these data provide a mechanistic insight into the poor inflammatory outcomes seen inDNMT3Amutant CH patients infected with Sars-COV2.