bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Smart Synthetic and Surface‐Engineering Approaches to Functionalize 2D Black Phosphorus for Real‐Setting Applications
Authors: Moschetto Salvatore , Prescimone Federico , Bolognesi Margherita , Toffanin Stefano 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPhosphorene or 2D black phosphorus (2D bP) has attracted increasing attention within material scientists in the last decade due to its electronic and photophysical properties as a pristine material. Furthermore, the high chemical reactivity of 2D bP enables the engineering of the outermost superficial layers. This tailored functionalization allows to obtain 2D bP‐based systems such as heterostructures with multiple and/or nonstandard functional properties that can be straightforwardly exploited for real‐setting applications. The aim of this review is to summarize the state of the art on the different strategies in the functionalization of 2D bP such as chemical reactivity with organic molecules, decoration with metal and metal‐oxide nanoparticles, passivation with thin layers of metal oxides or polymers, van der Waals coupling with different inorganic 2D materials, blending into polymeric composites. The main physical and chemical properties of all the considered heterostructures and as‐realized derivatives of 2D bP, with a particular focus on the increase of stability in air, are described. Finally, the functional characteristics of each system which are correlated to and involved in the development of specific real‐setting applications, spanning from catalysis, to electronics and optoelectronics, to energy conversion and storage and biodiagnostics, are highlighted.
Platinum Clusters Anchored Amorphous NiMo Hydroxide with Collaborative Electronic Transfer for Overall Water Splitting under High Current Density
Authors: Zhang Xinyi , Han Yi , Cai Wenwen , Zhang Dan , Wang Zuochao , Li Hongdong , Sun Yuyao , Zhang Yanyun , Lai Jianping , Wang Lei 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe development of efficient and stable bifunctional catalysts to meet overall water splitting at high current densities is attractive, but also challenging. Here, a simple one‐step chloride ion etching method to in situ synthesis of platinum (Pt) clusters anchored on amorphous nickel molybdenum hydroxide/nickel foam nanosheets (Pt‐NiMo‐OH/NF) at room temperature is used. Pt‐NiMo‐OH/NF has better catalytic activity for hydrogen evolution and oxygen evolution (OER) than Pt/C/NF and RuO2/NF. The overall water splitting required only 1.83 V versus RHE to reach 1000 mA cm−2, and showed good stability and catalytic activity in 160 h. The excellent catalytic performance and stability of Pt‐MiMo‐OH/NF may be due to the collaborative electron transfer between Pt and amorphous NiMo‐OH leads to an increase in the electron density of Pt clusters, which optimizes the binding energy of Pt and H. At the same time, it induces the formation of high‐valence Ni and Mo, thereby promoting the dissociation of water and the production of OER active substances. This work provides a novel strategy for the synthesis of water splitting catalysts at high current density.
Epitaxially Constrained Grain Boundary Structures in an Oxide Honeycomb Monolayer
Authors: Wang Shuqiu , Hu Xiao , Goniakowski Jacek , Noguera Claudine , Castell Martin R. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractGrain boundaries (GBs) are ubiquitous in solids. Their description is critical for understanding polycrystalline materials and explaining their mechanical and electrical properties. A GB in a 2D material can be described as a line defect and its atomic structures have been intensively studied in materials such as graphene. These GBs accommodate the relative rotation of two neighboring grains by incorporating periodic units consisting of nonhexagonal rings along the boundary. Zero‐degree GBs, called domain boundaries (DBs), where there is only a lattice offset between two grains without any rotation, are rare in 2D van‐der‐Waals (vdW) bonded materials where the grains can easily move. However, this movement is not possible in 2D materials that have a strong epitaxial relationship with their substrate such as the M2O3 (2 × 2) honeycomb monolayers on noble metal (111) supports. Involving experimental and theoretical investigations, four main DBs are observed here in a monolayer of Ti2O3 supported on Au(111) and their atomic structures are solved. The DB formation energies explain why some DBs are more frequently observed than others. The strong epitaxial constraint from the Au(111) substrate stabilizes some unique Ti2O3 monolayer DB structures that are not observed in vdW‐bonded 2D materials.
Highly Sensitive Direct‐Conversion Vacuum Flat‐Panel X‐Ray Detectors Formed by Ga2O3‐ZnO Heterojunction Cold Cathode and ZnS Target and their Photoelectron Multiplication Mechanism
Authors: Zhang Zhipeng , Chen Manni , Wang Chengyun , Wang Kai , Deng Shaozhi , Chen Jun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractX‐ray detectors are significantly applied in medical diagnoses, industrial inspections, and scientific researches, but the detection sensitivity is limited by the material, device structure, and detection mechanism. This article proposes a direct‐conversion flat‐panel X‐ray detector formed by Ga2O3‐ZnO heterojunction cold cathode and ZnS target to achieve highly sensitive X‐ray detection. The field emission efficiency of Ga2O3‐ZnO heterojunction cold cathode is improved by optimizing the spacing between the adjacent circular pattern in patterned ZnO nanowire arrays. The electron–hole pairs generated by X‐ray photons are multiplied in ZnS target by the electron bombardment induced photoconductivity effect, resulting in a high internal gain (1 × 104%) and a high X‐ray detection sensitivity (7.1 × 102 μCGyair−1 cm−2) for 6 keV X‐ray at 9.2 V μm−1 electric field. In addition, the proposed detector has low dark current density (50 pA mm−2 at 9.2 V μm–1 electric field), good stability (0.2% fluctuation for 60 s), and fast response speed (rise time: 5.3 ms) owing to a built‐in electric field in Ga2O3‐ZnO heterojunction, a ballistic electron transportation in vacuum gap, and a high resistance in ZnS thin film.
Direct Photoelectric Storage of Solar Energy in C‐Rich Polymeric Carbon Nitride Cell: Mechanism and Performance Improvement
Authors: Zhang Ling , Tang Xiao , Li Yanhong , Wang Xihui , Ling Faling , Jing Chuan , Zhou Xianju , Xiang Guotao , Liu Tingting 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe photochargeable materials have drawn growing research interest for the application of direct photoelectric storage of solar energy. Carbon‐rich conjugated carbon nitride polymers with hybrid π‐conjugated structure combining heptazine motifs with graphitic carbon rings have drawn a lot of attention for the extended conjugation length, tunable band gap, and 2D thin‐layer structure. The carbon‐rich polymeric carbon nitride (CPCN) with a band gap of 1.74 eV is successfully applied in direct photoelectric storage of solar energy. However, the ambiguous underlying mechanism limits the performance improvement. Herein, the relationship of microstructure and photoelectrochemical properties of the CPCN material is further investigated using the techniques including nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. The influence of the ratio of conjugated CNC to CCC on the band edge positions of the CPCN material, which directly relates to electron transport paths of the photo‐charging and discharging processes, is revealed. With the diffusion‐controlled charge storage regime, the CPCN cell obtains a specific capacity of 44.6 C g–1.
A Flexible and Ultra‐Wideband Terahertz Wave Absorber Based on Pyramid‐Shaped Carbon Nanotube Array via Femtosecond‐Laser Microprocessing and Two‐Step Transfer Technique
Authors: Xiao Dongyang , Chen Weiliang , Sun Leimeng , Zhu Minmin , Ng Zhi Kai , Teo Edwin Hang Tong , Zhang Jingyu , Hu Fangjing 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHigh and uniform absorption capabilities of terahertz (THz) waves in an ultra‐broadband range is desirable for many THz functional devices. Nowadays, it is still challenging to fabricate flexible THz absorbers with a uniformly high absorptance across the entire THz band merely based on traditional bulk materials. Engineered metamaterials absorbers utilize impedance matching to reduce the surface reflection at a single frequency, and can achieve near‐unity power absorption within a relatively narrow bandwidth. In this work, a fabrication strategy combining a femtosecond‐laser microprocessing process and a two‐step‐transfer technique is demonstrated for the realization of vertically‐aligned carbon nanotube (VACNT) arrays with pyramid‐shaped unit cells for THz wave absorptions. To transfer the structured VACNT array from the silicon to the flexible PDMS/Cu/PET substrate, the temperature and pressure dependences of the transfer process are systematically investigated. The fabricated THz absorber demonstrates an average power absorptance over 98.9% from 0.1 to 2.5 THz, and can function well in bended states and after 300 times bending cycles. The proposed fabrication strategy is expected to be used for the patterning of VACNTs and other nanomaterials, and advance the development of novel THz devices for various applications.
Turing Structured Au/Graphene Oxide‐Polyethylene Glycol Thin Film for Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering Detection of Trace Dye
Authors: Khan Amin , Hussain Shabab , Peng Xinsheng 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSurface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has been hailed as one of the most powerful approaches in detecting compounds with trace amount. However, difficulties with the SERS substrate, including its instability, technological dependence, and the lack of hotspots, often obstruct its practical use. To address these issues, herein, unique Turing structured gold‐coated graphene oxide‐polyethylene glycol (GO‐PEG) SERS substrate is designed, which presents a highly stable and pre/posttreatment‐free substrate with enhanced hotspots to detect a hazardous azo dye (methyl orange, MO) in trace amount (10−5 m). An exciting enhancement factor (EF) of 2.4 × 107 is obtained from GO‐PEG substrate compared with the conventional planar SERS substrate, owing to the increased hotspots and fluorescence quenching of MO molecules. Turing patterns remain structurally intact, even after 10 days of preparation, showing the dependability of the SERS substrate. Furthermore, the enhanced SERS signals are obtained at a high laser power of 12 mW, which also shows the stability of prepared substrate at harsh operating conditions. This study has the potential to radically change the way. SERS substrates are utilized in trace detection and accelerate the development of new pattern‐based SERS platforms for trace‐level material detection.
Multiomics Analysis Reveals the Impact of Microbiota on Host Metabolism in Hepatic Steatosis
Authors: Zeybel Mujdat , Arif Muhammad , Li Xiangyu , Altay Ozlem , Yang Hong , Shi Mengnan , Akyildiz Murat , Saglam Burcin , Gonenli Mehmet Gokhan , Yigit Buket , Ulukan Burge , Ural Dilek , Shoaie Saeed , Turkez Hasan , Nielsen Jens , Zhang Cheng , Uhlén Mathias , Borén Jan , Mardinoglu Adil 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMetabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a complex disease involving alterations in multiple biological processes regulated by the interactions between obesity, genetic background, and environmental factors including the microbiome. To decipher hepatic steatosis (HS) pathogenesis by excluding critical confounding factors including genetic variants and diabetes, 56 heterogenous MAFLD patients are characterized by generating multiomics data including oral and gut metagenomics as well as plasma metabolomics and inflammatory proteomics data. The dysbiosis in the oral and gut microbiome is explored and the host–microbiome interactions based on global metabolic and inflammatory processes are revealed. These multiomics data are integrated using the biological network and HS's key features are identified using multiomics data. HS is finally predicted using these key features and findings are validated in a follow‐up cohort, where 22 subjects with varying degree of HS are characterized.
Prussian Blue Nanoparticles Stabilize SOD1 from Ubiquitination‐Proteasome Degradation to Rescue Intervertebral Disc Degeneration
Authors: Zhou Tangjun , Yang Xiao , Chen Zhiqian , Yang Yangzi , Wang Xin , Cao Xiankun , Chen Chen , Han Chen , Tian Haijun , Qin An , Fu Jingke , Zhao Jie 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDiscography often destroys the hypoxic environment in the intervertebral disc and accelerates intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). Therefore, it often fails to meet the requirements for application in clinical practice. This technology mainly increases the reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the IVD. As so, it is particularly critical to develop strategies to avoid this degeneration mechanism. Prussian blue nanoparticles (PBNPs) are found to enhance development under magnetic resonance T1 and have antioxidant enzyme activity. The key results of the present study confirm that PBNPs alleviate intracellular oxidative stress and increase the intracellular activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1). PBNPs can rescue nucleus pulposus cell degeneration by increasing oxidoreductase system‐related mRNA and proteins, especially by stabilizing SOD1 from ubiquitination‐proteasome degradation, thus improving the mitochondrial structure to increase antioxidation ability, and finally rescuing ROS‐induced IVDD in a rat model. Therefore, it is considered that PBNPs can be a potential antioxidation‐protective discography contrast agent.
Amorphization of Metal Nanoparticles by 2D Twisted Polymer for Super Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Shao Xiaodong , Liang Mengfang , Kumar Ashwani , Liu Xinghui , Jin Haiyan , Ajmal Sara , Bui Viet Quoc , Bui Huong Thi Diem , Lee Jinsun , Tran Ngoc Quang , Yu Jianmin , Cho Yunhee , Kim Min Gyu , Lee Hyoyoung 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHydrogen generation by electrolysis of water in an alkaline solution is a promising technology for clean hydrogen energy. Amorphous materials show much better performance than their crystalline counterparts. However, it is still challenging to design amorphous metal materials. Here, a series of amorphous transition metal nanoparticles (NPs) is successfully synthesized using a twisted covalent organic network (CON) that can provide twisted carbon layers as well as asymmetrically distributed nitrogen. With the fixed monomer pore, a low loading amount of RuCl3 results in amorphous‐only Ru nanoclusters (NCs, 1.5 nm), while a high content of RuCl3 leads to crystalline dominant Ru NPs (3 nm). The mixed phased Ru‐CON catalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) shows extremely low overpotential at 10 mA cm–2 (12.8 mV in 1.0 m KOH) and superior stability (after 100 h test, current loss 5.3% at 75 mA cm–2). More importantly, amorphous‐only Ru‐CON with smaller Ru NCs shows much better mass activity and considerable stability compared to mixed‐phase Ru‐CON materials since amorphous Ru NPs can provide more active sites than in their crystalline state. With this strategy, amorphous Fe NPs and Ir NPs are successfully prepared for extended applications, and the HER activities are reported.
Recurrent pneumothorax in a case of tenascin‐X deficient Ehlers–Danlos syndrome: Broadening the phenotypic spectrum
Authors: Santoreneos Renee , Vakulin Cassandra , Ellul Melissa , Rawlings Lesley , Hardy Tristan , Poplawski Nicola 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe genomic region surrounding the Tenascin‐XB gene (TNXB) is a complex and duplicated region, with several pseudogenes that predispose to high rates of homologous recombination. Classical‐like Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (clEDS) is the result of tenascin‐X deficiency due to biallelic loss of function variants in the TNXB gene. Here we present a patient with clEDS and spontaneous pneumothorax, a feature not previously reported to be associated with this condition. Two inherited pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants were identified; a previously reported deletion resulting in a TNXA/TNXB chimeric gene and a novel frameshift variant. The Tenascin‐XB gene is well described in the literature to be associated with collagen metabolism, stabilization of the fibrillar‐collagen matrix and is expressed abundantly in the extracellular matrix. We propose that tenascin‐X deficiency is directly related to pneumothorax predisposition. This case expands the phenotypic spectrum of clEDS and highlights the challenges with molecular analysis and diagnosis
Recent advances in synthesis of quinazoline‐2,4(1H,3H)‐diones: Versatile building blocks in N‐heterocyclic compounds
Authors: Gheidari Davood , Mehrdad Morteza , Maleki Saloomeh 
Published: February 2022

AbstractQuinazoline‐2,4(1H,3H)‐dione is a significant class of N‐fused heterocyclic with a wide range of biological functions, including anti‐HIV, anticancer, antifungal, antibacterial, antimutagenic, anticoccidial, anticonvulsant, anti‐inflammatory, antidepressant, antimalarial, antioxidant, antileukemic, and antileishmanial activities, and other activities, and has attracted great attention in organic and medicinal chemistry. As a result, all chemists and pharmaceutical chemists must be aware of many methods to make quinazoline‐2,4(1H,3H)‐dione. This review paper focuses on various methods for producing quinazoline‐2,4(1H,3H)‐diones, such as green methods and homogeneous or heterogeneous catalysts from various precursors under varied conditions.
Superior Peroxidase‐Like Activity of Gold Nanorattles in Ultrasensitive H2O2 Sensing and Antioxidant Screening
Authors: Ghosh Swachhatoa , Singh Prem , Roy Shounak , Bhardwaj Keshav , Jaiswal Amit 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNanozymes are artificial enzyme systems which are easy to produce, highly stable and cost‐effective in comparison to natural enzymes. Herein, we evaluated the peroxidase‐like activity of gold nanorattles (Au NRTs) having a solid gold octahedron core and thin, porous cubic gold shell. We also prepared solid gold nanocubes and nanospheres of similar sizes and surface charge as that of Au NRTs and compared their activity with standard horse radish peroxidase (HRP). All the prepared nanostructures followed Michaelis‐Menten kinetics as observed from their substrate concentration vs. initial reaction velocity plot using 3,3’,5,5’‐tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) as a substrate. The kinetic parameters and the catalytic efficiency for the peroxidase‐like activity of the nanostructures and HRP were calculated, and it was observed that Au NRTs possess the best nanozymatic activity with lowest KM and highest catalytic efficiency (kcat/KM). The better activity of Au NRTs compared with other nanostructures and HRP could be attributed to the hollow porous structure with a solid core where different surfaces are available for reaction. Au NRTs, being the best amongst the tested nanozymes were further used for the sensing of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and were found to sense H2O2 down to 0.5 μM. Further, two naturally occurring antioxidants, tannic acid and ascorbic acid showed inhibitory effect on the peroxidase‐like activity of Au NRTs in a concentration dependent manner which can be further used for screening of antioxidants or for determining the antioxidant potential.
Upfront endoscopic band ligation for symptomatic gastric angioectasias to reduce peri‐endoscopic complexity with an automated implantable cardioverter defibrillator in situ
Authors: Zimmer Vincent 
Published: February 2022

AbstractArgon plasma coagulation (APC) remains the mainstay endoscopic treatment of gastrointestinal angioectasia. Vis‐a‐vis automated implanted cardioverter defibrillators (AICD) endoscopic band ligation (EBL) represents an alternative without need for heart‐rhythm specialty support.
Bladder exstrophy: An atypical journey of a rare case of an adult
Authors: Manegabe Jean de Dieu Tumusifu , Bahizire Gauthier Murhula , Nteranya Daniel Safari , Maheshe Ghislain Balemba , Cikomola Fabrice Gulimwentuga , Budema Paul Munguakonkwa , Mubenga Léon‐Emmanuel Mukengeshayi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBladder exstrophy is a rare and complex malformation. Often associated with diverse deformations, an accurate diagnosis is a must for adequate management. In the African setting, especially in a remote area, delivery rarely occurs within a healthcare structure, thus reducing the chance of an early diagnosis. Due to a low density of specialists, people in rural areas refer to traditional healers for healthcare problems, the thing that delays the time to diagnosis. We report, according to the CARE guidelines (https://www.equator‐network.org/reporting‐guidelines/care/), a case of an 18‐year‐old male patient who was transferred to us for better management of a reddish hypogastric mass leaking urine. Initially considered as a congenital wound, his parents applied traditional products to heal it. Following the poor outcomes, the parents will consult several general physicians; unfortunately, no one gave a clear diagnosis. The clinical examination on admission revealed a good general condition and noted the presence of a reddish, ovoid structure of about 9 centimeters of the minor axis and 11 centimeters of the major axis in the hypogastric region allowing urine to flow in its upper part. The external genitalia examination revealed a retracted and short penis with urine exit at its base through the reddish structure. The patient was transferred outside the country for better management due to a lack of dedicated equipment. Although vesical exstrophy is a rare disease, an early diagnosis allows adequate management and good outcome. Thus, a well‐performed neonatal examination is required to avoid later diagnosis and complications.
Acute psychiatric symptoms in a young woman with anti‐N‐methyl D‐aspartate receptor encephalitis: A case of successful early diagnosis and therapeutic intervention
Authors: Tominaga Marie , Morikawa Kyoko , Yamamoto Hiroto , Ogawa Yutaro , Kamimura Naomi , Tsuneki Ikunosuke , Yahata Tetsuro , Tamura Masaki , Yanase Toru , Sato Aki , Shibuya Hiroyuki , Kurabayashi Takumi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis clinical image presents a report on the diagnosis and treatment of anti‐NMDAR encephalitis, a rare disease. This report emphasizes the importance of a differential diagnosis for acute psychiatric symptoms. Accurate and timely diagnosis is critical for the selection and implementation of treatment and for optimal patient outcomes.
Nanotechnology Toolkit for Combating COVID‐19 and Beyond
Authors: Muthiah Giredhar , Sarkar Ankita , Roy Shounak , Singh Prem , Kumar Praveen , Bhardwaj Keshav , Jaiswal Amit 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe outbreak of SARS‐CoV‐2 is unlikely to be contained anytime soon with conventional medical technology. This beckons an urgent demand for novel and innovative interventions in clinical protocols, diagnostics, and therapeutics; to manage the current “disease X” and to be poised to counter its successor of like nature if one were to ever arise. To meet such a demand requires more attention to research on the viral‐host interactions and on developing expeditious solutions, the kinds of which seem to spring from promising domains such as nanotechnology. Inducing activity at scales comparable to the viruses themselves, nanotechnology‐based preventive measures, diagnostic tools and therapeutics for COVID‐19 have been rapidly growing during the pandemic. This review covers the recent and promising nanomedicine‐based solutions relating to COVID‐19 and how some of these are possibly applicable to a wider range of viruses and pathogens. We also discuss the type, composition, and utility of nanostructures which play various roles specifically under prevention, diagnosis, and therapy. Further, we have highlighted the adoption and commercialization of some the solutions by large and small corporations alike, as well as providing herewith an exhaustive list on nanovaccines.