bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Black hole mass estimation using X-ray variability measurements in Seyfert galaxies
Authors: Akylas A. , Papadakis I. , Georgakakis A. 
Published: August 2022

Aims. Our objective is to critically assess the X-ray flux variability as a tool for measuring the black hole (BH) mass in active galactic nuclei (AGN). We aim to establish a prescription for estimating BH masses based on measurements of the normalised excess variance from X-ray data. We discuss the minimum requirements in terms of the light-curve duration and X-ray signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) to enable a reliable determination that is comparable to what can be derived from the continuum and emission line reverberation studies.
Methods. We used the light curves of local Seyfert from the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array hard X-ray mission (NuSTAR), to compute the normalised excess variance (σNXV2) in the 3–10 and 10–20 keV bands, thus extending the analysis to an energy band higher than 10 keV. The excess variance measurements were then combined with independent BH mass estimates from the literature to establish the MBH vs. σNXV2 relation for different samples and weigh its accuracy in terms of the light-curve duration and X-ray S/N.
Results. We find that it is possible to accurately measure the BH mass in AGN using excess variance measurements in the 3–10 and the 10–20 keV bands, however, strong quality requirements should be applied. The minimum necessary S/N and duration of the light curves used to compute the excess variance ought to be ∼3 and ∼80 − 100 ks, respectively. We provide a linear relationship between the normalised excess variance and the black hole mass that can be used to estimate the latter, with an average uncertainty of the order of 0.4 − 0.25 dex (depending on the adopted light-curve segment duration). In general, BH mass estimates from 3–10 keV and 10–20 keV band light curves are expected to be similar. The 10–20 keV band is preferred for sources that are heavily absorbed and the 3–10 keV band is preferred for sources that may be dominated by the X-ray reflection component at energies above 10 keV.
Does High-Dose Thromboprophylaxis Improve Outcomes in COVID-19 Patients? A Meta-analysis of Comparative Studies
Authors: Elsebaie Maha A. T. , Baral Binav , Elsebaie Mai , Shrivastava Trilok , Weir Catherine , Kumi Dennis , Birch Noah W. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background Thromboembolism remains a detrimental complication of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) despite the use of prophylactic doses of anticoagulation
Objectives This study aimed to compare different thromboprophylaxis strategies in COVID-19 patients
Methods We conducted a systematic database search until June 30, 2022. Eligible studies were randomized (RCTs) and nonrandomized studies that compared prophylactic to intermediate or therapeutic doses of anticoagulation in adult patients with COVID-19, admitted to general wards or intensive care unit (ICU). Primary outcomes were mortality, thromboembolism, and bleeding events. Data are analyzed separately in RCTs and non-RCTs and in ICU and non-ICU patients.
Results. We identified 682 studies and included 53 eligible studies. Therapeutic anticoagulation showed no mortality benefit over prophylactic anticoagulation in four RCTs (odds ratio [OR] = 0.67, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.18–2.54). Therapeutic anticoagulation didn't improve mortality in ICU or non-ICU patients. Risk of thromboembolism was significantly lower among non-ICU patients who received enhanced (therapeutic/intermediate) anticoagulation (OR = 0.21, 95% CI, 0.06–0.74). Two additional RCTs (Multiplatform Trial and HEP-COVID), not included in quantitative meta-analysis, analyzed non-ICU patients, and reported a similar benefit with therapeutic-dose anticoagulation. Therapeutic anticoagulation was associated with a significantly higher risk of bleeding events among non-randomized studies (OR = 3.45, 95% CI, 2.32–5.13). Among RCTs, although patients who received therapeutic-dose anticoagulation had higher numbers of bleeding events, these differences were not statistically significant. Studies comparing prophylactic and intermediate-dose anticoagulation showed no differences in primary outcomes.
Conclusion There is a lack of mortality benefit with therapeutic-dose over prophylactic-dose anticoagulation in ICU and non-ICU COVID-19 patients. Therapeutic anticoagulation significantly decreased risk of thromboembolism risk in some of the available RCTs, especially among non-ICU patients. This potential benefit, however, may be counter balanced by higher risk of bleeding. Individualized assessment of patient's bleeding risk will ultimately impact the true clinical benefit of anticoagulation in each patient. Finally, we found no mortality or morbidity benefit with intermediate-dose anticoagulation.
An EMI lecturer’s assessment practices with engineering laboratory reports
Authors: Mancho-Barés Guzman , Khan Sarah , Aguilar-Pérez Marta 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
EMI assessment research designed to compare academic achievement in EMI and L1-medium courses aims to examine
language and content learning outcomes (Dafouz & Camacho-Miñano, 2016; Hernández-Nanclares & Jiménez-Munoz, 2015; Yang,
2015). However, these studies provide little insight into learning processes. A genre analysis perspective, in
contrast, can offer a deeper understanding of the development of student disciplinary literacy. Based on genre analysis studies on
student writing (Nesi & Gardner, 2012; Parkinson, 2017; Swales, 1990), we aim to describe the written genre in
student laboratory reports from an EMI course on a Mechanical Engineering degree programme. Seven students’ laboratory reports as
well as the lecturer’s instructions, the assessment rubric, and written feedback were examined using genre analysis. This case
study contributes to the emerging literature on assessment in EMI by foregrounding the advantages of genre analysis as an
analytical methodology and shedding light on students’ development of literacy in disciplinary writing.
EMI programs and formative assessment
Authors: Inbar-Lourie Ofra 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Research and discussion on assessment in English Medium Instruction (EMI) programs, specifically on formative
on-going assessment theory and practice, is scant. This is despite the shift in education towards assessment for learning
paradigms, and the potential contribution of on-going feedback-led assessment for coping with the challenges that the EMI
content/language framework presents. This paper attempts to account for the absence of formative assessment from EMI programs by
examining EMI as an international construct, situated in higher education institutional organizational and assessment cultures. It
emphasizes the need for training in assessment for EMI content lectures, and concludes by identifying four areas relevant to their
EMI assessment literacy (EMIAL): contextual and policy literacies; the role of language in facilitating content learning;
formative assessment for learning orientations; and awareness and understanding of students’ linguistic and content needs.
The general static spherical solution with EoS parameter w = −1/5
Authors: Semiz İbrahim 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The general analytical solution for the static spherically symmetric metric supported by a perfect fluid with isothermal (proportional) equation-of-state p = wρ is not known at the time of this writing, except for the trivial cases w = 0 and w = −1; and for w = −1/3. We show that if Buchdahl coordinates are used, the problem becomes analytically solvable for w = −1/5; display and discuss the solution(s), and exhibit the connection of this case to the w = −1 case.
Efficient state-symmetric beamsplitters and mirrors for atom interferometers using optimized pulses
Authors: Saywell Jack , Carey Max , Dedes Nikolaos , Kuprov Ilya , Freegarde Tim 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Atom interferometers that employ atoms in superpositions of different electronic states are sensitive to any noise that affects these superposed states differently. Resilience to such noise results from using superpositions where the atomic states differ in momentum only, but implementation of such ‘state-symmetric’ diffraction can lead to population loss into unwanted states and restricts the atomic velocity acceptance of the interferometer. In this paper, by varying the laser intensities and phases as functions of time, we present optimized pulses designed for use in state-symmetric interferometers that overcome these restrictions. We extend this optimization to multi-pulse sequences designed to increase the interferometer area and demonstrate significant improvements in the fringe visibility compared with sequences of π/2 and π pulses. We discuss the limits on the temperature of the atomic source required for efficient atomic diffraction and show how optimized pulse sequences enable efficient diffraction with considerably warmer clouds, hence reducing the need for velocity selection and increasing the measurement signal-to-noise ratio.
Mathematical Model for Omnidirectional Sensor Network Using Clifford Algebra
Authors: Mahfonz Amr M. , Zaky Hany N. , Ismail Ahmed S. , Abou El Dahab Eiman T. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Wireless Sensor Networks are now very important and more usable in industrial, agricultural, commercial and military applications. Studies on wireless sensor networks have several aspects such as location, deployment, tracking. The most critical parameter of studying wireless sensor networks is sensor nodes deployment to obtain optimum coverage for the network used to minimize energy and cost. The goal of this work is to introduce a new coverage proposal to calculate the required number of sensors for a wireless sensor network in order to achieve optimum coverage for a particular task region. The other proposals that were introduced before are mostly based on coverage of a unit disk in two dimensional space or a ball in three dimensional space. These proposals didn’t provide a coverage model for targets or objects in task region with hybrid types. So, this work introduces a new coverage model using Clifford algebra, which is coordinate-free and simple in calculations.
Study and Analysis of Corona-Virus Transfer Dynamics using Enhanced SEIR Epidemic Model with Vaccination Effect
Authors: Abd ElRaouf Hazem M. , Aref Alhaytham M. , Elsherif Ahmed K. , Khalifa Mohamed E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Corona Virus Syndrome (COVID-19) is a contagious disease and it is considered one of the deadliest viruses ever known to humanity. In this work, the transmission dynamics of the COVID- 19 has been studied using an enhanced SEIR epidemic compartmental model with a vaccination compartment. This model divides the whole population into five categories: susceptible (S), exposed (E), infectious (I), recovered (R), and vaccinated (V). Firstly, Positivity, Existence and Uniqueness of solution are illustrated. Secondly, a mathematical analysis is done to study the equilibrium points of the model and the basic reproduction number has been computed using Next Generation Matrix method. Thirdly, by using analytical computation the Stability of disease free equilibrium (DFE) point of the model is discussed and the Existence, and uniqueness of the endemic equilibrium are proved. Finally, Bifurcation coefficient is computed using the available data and Simulations are made to illustrate the effect of the transmission rate and vaccination rate on the value of the basic reproduction number.
Analytical solution of diffusion equation under chemical reaction and wet deposition from line Source
Authors: Essa Khaled S M , Mosallem Ahmed M , Taha H M 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The pollutants from the environment are absorbed by wet deposition which increases the pollutants transport. To create and produce different substances, the constituent atoms of the reactants should be rearranged by the chemical reaction. The introduced theoretical model demonstrate the dispersal of pollutants inherited from point and line source without and with both wet deposition and chemical reaction, respectively. The advection-diffusion equation is solved. Taking the wind speed is a function of downwind distance, lateral eddy diffusivity is a function of wind speed and vertical eddy diffusivity is a function of both wind speed and vertical height of power “z”. In this paper the variable separable method and Hankel transform are used to get the concentration from point and line source. Predicted concentration of pollutants in unstable condition is done. Variation concentrations of both observed and predicted of radioactive Iodine135 (I-135), inside Research Reactor at Inshas Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, in unstable condition is shown without chemical reaction and wet deposition. It is discovered that the proposed model is a good harmony with observed concentrations data and the proposed data inside a factor of two. Also, studying the effect of wet deposition and chemical reaction on concentration of air contaminants of line source is analysed.
Distribution and Abundance of Marine Debris on Intertidal Zone at Three Selected Small Islands, Sabah
Authors: Zahari N Z , Rafidi F J , Cleophas F N , Budin K , Musta B 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The issue of marine debris has become worldwide attention since it occurs almost everywhere globally Thus, it is crucial to focus on this area to sustain the life below the water as stated by United Nations (SDG 14). This study evaluated the distribution, abundance, and composition of marine debris in three selected islands at Sabah namely Manukan, Mamutik and Sapi Islands. Marine debris was identified according to its categories as stated by the Department of Environment (DOE). The study was carried out to compare the waste abundance of three islands since the different beach types represent various activities that produce debris. The sampling design was conducted with two plot areas plotted and observed on each island for three consecutive weeks. Based on the assessment done, Mamutik Island recorded the most abundance of marine debris with 12.185 kg (66.2%) of debris found followed by Manukan Island with 5.487 kg (29.8%) of debris and Sapi Island with 0.746 kg (4.1%). It was observed that plastic debris especially plastic bags, plastic bottles, plastic straws, general plastics, polystyrene, and plastic cups were the main contributors to marine debris pollution. While among all the three islands studied, Sapi Island is considered the cleanest and smallest Island compared to others since the location of this island is quite far from the mainland. The solid and waste management on each island has been identified in order to formulate a new strategy to reduce the impact of marine debris on the intertidal zone especially on human health and the environment. These studies have provided a clear understanding of the distribution of marine debris in these islands. Several recommendations and suggestions have been listed to reduce and prevent marine debris pollution.
Comparison of macro, trace and ultra-trace minerals contents of kelulut honey (Heterotrigona itama sp) from the West Coast of Sabah
Authors: Wahid D N A , Jawan R , Nazarie W F W M , Gansau J A , Syahir A , Sabullah M K 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Various minerals in Kelulut honey possess a high value in human health and are crucial in regulating multiple biological metabolisms. However, each mineral from different honey sources needs to be monitored to avoid contamination and food poisoning. In addition, the amount of minerals content varies based on geographical region and nectar sources. This study aims to identify and determine the minerals content in Kelulut honey samples collected from different locations on the West Coast of Sabah. The samples were analyzed using ICP-OES, and a total of 20 minerals elements (Ag, Al, As, Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ga, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Rb, Se, Sr, Ti, V, and Zn) were presented. The most abundant minerals which are categorized as macro minerals present in all the samples are K (1821.253 ± 35.16 mg/kg), followed by Na (371.00±5.06 mg/kg), Ca (338.643±3.07 mg/kg), and Mg (98.899±1.77 mg/kg). While from the group of minor minerals, Zn had the highest amount with a mean concentration of 6.38±10.35 mg/kg, followed by Mn (2.04±1.61 mg/kg), Cu (1.26±2.97mg/kg). No toxic elements were detected except for Ag (0.06±0.01 mg/kg), considered unbeneficial minerals, and the concentration was considered no harmful effect on the biological system.
Colours Effect Analysis on The Attention Level with A Single-Channel EEG
Authors: Yassin F M , Latip M S , Ibrahim A A A , Baco S , Alias A , Norwawi N M , Noh N A 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Colours play an important role in many applications such as in education, communication, tourism, marketing, and architecture. From the previous research, especially related to education, colour could affect people’s focus or attention level. However, with further investigation, the colour could also be used for controlling or activating electronic devices. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to find out if turquoise, green, red, and a combination of red, orange, and yellow (picture of autumn) could trigger the attention level to be equal to or above the attention threshold. The required threshold that had been decided was 40. The attention level of five (5) respondents was recorded when they were looking at the colours for 8 seconds using a single-channel EEG of the Neurosky Mindwave headset. From the study, it is found that all colours could trigger the attention level of all respondents to be above the attention threshold of 40. However, the combination of red, orange, and yellow (autumn picture) showed the best result in triggering or maintaining the attention value within 40 to 100. The colour could be a potential input in controlling electronic devices that have an attention threshold of 40.
Trace Elements Uptake in Brassica rapa chinensis Cultivated in Ultrabasic (Oxisol) and Ultisol Soils, North Borneo
Authors: Hamdan D D M , Nizam M A M , Seow K , Zahari N Z , Rahim S A 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The study aims to investigate the soil physico-chemical properties and trace elements uptake of Brassica rapa chinensis plants cultivated in ultrabasic (oxisol) and ultisoil soil of Ranau, North Borneo, Malaysia by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). This study can contribute to propose a more sustainable soil management practice. All selected trace elements bioavailability in ultrabasic soil was significantly higher than ultisols except for Ca and Cd. There was no significant amount of difference in soil pH (slightly acidic) and electrical conductivity (slightly saline) between these soil types. However, a significant amount of difference between the percentage of soil moisture and organic matter between ultrabasic and ultisol soils was observed. These might contribute to the uptake of elements into the studied plant. The B. rapa chinensis is a hyperaccumulator of Cd and Pb for both type of soils. The B. rapa chinensis is an accumulator of As when grown in ultrabasic soil, while an accumulator of Co when grown in ultisol soil. Although Pb was not detected in ultisol soil as compared to ultrabasic soil, the concentration of Pb in plants cultivated in ultisol soil had exceeded the maximum permissible limit of Malaysia Food Regulation 1985. Soil amendment in frequently use agriculture sites needs to be conducted such as the addition of organic matter to reduce transfers of trace elements from soil to plants that can pose toxicity risk.
Antioxidant screening of Garcinia Forbesii originated from Sabah
Authors: Haris M A M , Sani S A 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Garcinia forbesii is a wild type of plant that have been long used traditionally with broad utilities in several fields like medicines, cosmetics, food and neutraceutics. Increasing awareness towards the use of phytochemicals and other plant derives products worldwide has broaden the study of bioactivities from several industrial sectors. Therefore, the present study aims to screen the antioxidant properties of fruits and leaves of Garcinia forbesii by extraction using various types of organic solvents which are methanol, ethyl acetate, and hexane. The highest yield of crude extract is both from methanol extracts of fruits and leaves which are 9.26 ± 0.34 g and 7.04 ±0.21 g, respectively. Antioxidant activities of the leave extracts of G. forbesii in reducing power, FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) and DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) followed the same order of methanolic > ethyl acetate > hexanic. Meanwhile, extract hexane, methanol, and ethyl acetate of the fruits of G. forbesii showed IC50 values at 1.05%, 3.35% and 4.44% while for leaves are at 1.19%, 2.4% and 8.94% respectively. Methanol is therefore a better solvent to extract most of the antioxidant components from G. forbesii leaves.
toise: a framework to describe the performance of high-energy neutrino detectors
Authors: van Santen J. , Clark B.A. , Halliday R. , Hallmann S. , Nelles A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Neutrinos offer a unique window to the distant, high-energy
universe. Several next-generation instruments are being designed and
proposed to characterize the flux of TeV–EeV neutrinos. The
projected physics reach of the detectors is often quantified with
simulation studies. However, a complete Monte Carlo estimate of
detector performance is costly from a computational perspective,
restricting the number of detector configurations considered when
designing the instruments. In this paper, we present a new
Python-based software framework, toise, which forecasts the
performance of a high-energy neutrino detector using
parameterizations of the detector performance, such as the effective
areas, angular and energy resolutions, etc. The framework can be
used to forecast performance of a variety of physics analyses,
including sensitivities to diffuse fluxes of neutrinos and
sensitivity to both transient and steady state point sources. This
parameterized approach reduces the need for extensive simulation
studies in order to estimate detector performance, and allows the
user to study the influence of single performance metrics, like the
angular resolution, in isolation. The framework is designed to
allow for multiple detector components, each with different
responses and exposure times, and supports paramterization of both
optical- and radio-Cherenkov (Askaryan) neutrino telescopes. In the
paper, we describe the mathematical concepts behind toise
and introduce the reader to the use of the framework.
Chiral effects in classical spinning gas
Authors: Bubenchikov M A , Kaparulin D S , Nosyrev O D 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We consider a statistical mechanics of rotating ideal gas consisting of classical non-relativistic spinning particles. The microscopic structure elements of the system are massive point particles with a nonzero proper angular momentum. The norm of proper angular momentum is determined by spin. The direction of proper angular momentum changes continuously. Applying the Gibbs canonical formalism for the rotating system, we construct the one-particle distribution function, generalising the usual Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution, and the partition function of the system. The model demonstrates a set of chiral effects caused by interaction of spin and macroscopic rotation, including the change of entropy, heat capacity, chemical potential and angular momentum.