bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Matheuristics with performance guarantee for the unsplit and split delivery capacitated vehicle routing problem
Authors: Bertazzi Luca , Wang Xingyin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFor the classical unsplit and split delivery capacitated vehicle routing problems, we carry out a worst‐case analysis for classes of matheuristics and compare their performance on average, on a large set of benchmark instances. The matheuristics are based on the optimal solution of the bin packing problem, the capacitated concentrator location problem, and the unsplit capacitated vehicle routing problem (CVRP). These matheuristics are compared with the classical algorithms having known finite worst‐case performance bound. For the unsplit CVRP, we provide a matheuristic having worst‐case performance bound equal to the one of the classical algorithms, but with an average percent cost increase with respect to the optimal cost equal to 1.13%. For the split delivery case, we provide a matheuristic having worst‐case performance bound 2 and an average percent cost increase with respect to the best‐known cost equal to 0.64%. Moreover, this matheuristic is able to find 22 best‐known solutions, 20 of which are new.
An FFT‐based Galerkin method for the effective permeability of porous material
Authors: Tu Fubin , Tong Jun , Wang Menghui , Chen Zongwu , Qi Shunchao 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA numerical scheme which is a combination of FFT and Galerkin methods is proposed for calculating the effective permeability of periodic porous material. First, a periodic stress field whose divergence is equal to the subtraction of body force from prescribed pressure gradient is introduced to reformulate the governing equations. Then, an auxiliary problem is established to replace the prescribed pressure gradient with the resulting initial prescribed stress. An FFT‐based Galerkin method of stress control type, the associated projection operator for zero divergence condition and the treatment of composite pixels/voxels are presented for solving the viscous flow in periodic porous material. Finally, numerical examples of viscous flows in 2D parallel fissured medium, 2D medium with regularly packed squares, 2D medium with regularly packed and rotated squares, 3D medium with regularly packed ellipsoids, and 3D medium with randomly packed ellipsoids are implemented. Numerical results calculated by FFT‐based Galerkin method agree well with analytical solutions and finite element results. The proposed FFT‐based Galerkin method is effective for predicting the macro permeability of porous material with complex meso structures.
Preparation of microfibrillated cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol test strip integrated with novel chemosensor for colorimetric determination of diisopropyl fluorophosphate
Authors: Alfi Alia Abdulaziz , Abumelha Hana M. , Qurban Jihan , Alnoman Rua B. , Alaysuy Omaymah , Bayazeed Abrar , El‐Metwaly Nashwa M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractExposure to the odorless or colorless nerve agents can result in organ paralysis, failure, or even death. Novel nanocomposite‐based microporous strips that can be used with the naked eye to detect diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP) nerve agent mimic within a few seconds have been developed. A simple preparation procedure was used to prepare novel quinoline‐bearing hydrazone‐type tricyanofuran (QHTCF) chromophore via an azo‐coupling of 8‐aminoquinoline diazonium salt with the active methyl‐containing tricyanofuran. The chemical structure of QHTCF was inspected with FTIR, 1H/13CNMR, and elemental analysis. An environmentally friendly procedure was employed to prepare microfibrillated cellulose from sugarcane bagasse agricultural waste that has been one of the most well‐known solid pollutants worldwide. Therefore, it has been highly significant to find out a simple procedure to exchange sugarcane bagasse into valuable materials. Microfibrillated cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol/hydrazone (PVA‐MFC‐H) composites were prepared using different concentrations of QHTCF chromophore. With an increase in DFP concentration, the absorption intensity of the QHTCF‐containing nanocomposite rose from 426 to 562 nm. A wide range of detection limit was monitored for DFP using the current PVA‐MFC‐H sensor strip. The CIE Lab measurements demonstrated a yellow‐to‐purple color shift of PVA‐MFC‐H upon exposure to DFP. The current PVA‐MFC‐H strip demonstrated a detection limit for DFP in the range of 25–300 ppm. The current sensors were tested for their morphologies, fiber crystallinity, thermal stability, and mechanical characteristics.
Stabilization of delayed nonlinear systems via periodically intermittent event‐triggered control
Authors: Zhai Ying , Gao Shang , Su Huan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis article investigates the periodically intermittent event‐triggered control (PIEC) for delayed nonlinear systems. The PIEC strategy, by means of introducing event‐triggered strategy into periodically intermittent controller, is proposed to reduce the amount of communications while still preserving a satisfactory closed‐loop performance. Some sufficient conditions are derived, which are incorporated into the controller design to determine the controller gain and the triggered parameters in a co‐design case. The overall strategy ensures a global asymptotic stability for the closed‐loop system and the existence of positive dwell time between two consecutive events. Therefore, Zeno behavior is excluded. Finally, the simulation example of Lu oscillator is given to verify the effectiveness of the theoretical results.
17‐4: An Avionics Touchscreen Display for Safety‐Critical Applications
Authors: Coni Philippe , Renaud Frederic , Alfred Hermann 
Published: June 2022

Projected capacitive touchscreens (PCAPs) are popular for consumer applications, but using them in a harsh environment remains difficult.The guidelines and recommendations for consumer industry touchscreens are not sufficient to cover their implementation in cockpits/flight stations, thus, a new standard guideline has been introduced by SAE: ARP60494.Prior to the first introduction of PCAP on board the Airbus A350, numerous qualification tests were carried out for product certification, the results are presented and discussed in this paper.
Effects of bis (2‐butoxyethyl) phthalate on adrenocortical function in male rats in puberty partially via down‐regulating NR5A1/NR4A1/NR4A2 pathways
Authors: Liu Miaoqing , Chen Haiqiong , Dai Haipeng , Wang Yiyan , Li Jingjing , Tian Fuhong , Li Zhongrong , Ge Ren‐Shan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPhthalates may interfere with the biosynthesis of steroid hormones in the adrenal cortex. Bis (2‐butoxyethyl) phthalate (BBOP) is a phthalate containing oxygen atoms in the alcohol moiety. In this study, 35‐day‐old male Sprague–Dawley rats were daily gavaged with BBOP (0, 10, 100, 250, and 500 mg/kg body weight) for 21 days. BBOP did not affect the weight of body and adrenal glands. BBOP significantly reduced serum corticosterone levels at 250 and 500 mg/kg, and lowered aldosterone level at 500 mg/kg without affecting adrenocorticotropic hormone. BBOP did not alter the thickness of the adrenal cortex. BBOP significantly down‐regulated the expression of steroidogenesis‐related genes (Scarb1, Star, Cyp11a1, Cyp21, Cyp11b1, Cyp11b2, Nr5a1, Nr4a1, and Nr4a2) and proteins, and antioxidant enzymes (Sod1, Sod2, Gpx1, and Cat) and their proteins, while up‐regulating the expression of Mc2r and Agtr1a at various doses. BBOP reduced the phosphorylation of AKT1, AKT2, and ERK1/2, as well as the levels of SIRT1 and PGC1α without affecting the phosphorylation of AMPK. BBOP significantly induced the production of reactive oxygen species and apoptosis rate in H295R cells at 100 μM and higher after 24 h of treatment. In conclusion, male rats exposed to BBOP in puberty have significant reduction of steroid biosynthesis with a potential mechanism that is involved in the decrease in the phosphorylation of AKT1, AKT2, ERK1/2, as well as SIRT1 and PGC1α and increase in ROS.
Tracing lateral subsurface flow in layered soils by undisturbed monolith sampling, targeted laboratory experiments, and model‐based analysis
Authors: Ehrhardt Annelie , Berger Kristian , Filipović Vilim , Wöhling Thomas , Vogel Hans‐Jörg , Gerke Horst H. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLateral subsurface flow (LSF) is a phenomenon frequently occurring in the field induced by local water saturation along horizon boundaries under nonequilibrium conditions. However, observations of LSF in undisturbed soils under controlled irrigation in the laboratory are limited but needed for model improvement, prediction, and quantification of LSF. We present a method for extracting an undisturbed soil monolith along a soil horizon boundary and introduce an experimental setup for the measurement of LSF and an irrigation device for simulating rainfall. An experimental test run was simulated using HYDRUS 2D. Water infiltrating into the monolith and flowing either laterally along the horizon boundary or vertically through the bottom horizon could be separately captured by suction discs at the side and the bottom. Thus, a clear distinction between lateral and vertical flow was possible. Pressure heads and water contents were recorded by tensiometers and frequency domain reflectometry (FDR) sensors distributed across the monolith in a regular two‐dimensional, vertical, cross‐sectional pattern. Sensor readings indicated the presence of nonequilibrium conditions within the monolith. Modeling results could reproduce the lateral and vertical outflow of the monolith under constant irrigation, thus showing that water flow within the monolith under steady‐state conditions can be explained by the Richards equation and the van Genuchten–Mualem model. The presented method can be used to improve and verify models designed for the prediction of the onset of LSF including that induced by local nonequilibrium conditions.
Removal of phosphorus using biochar derived from Fenton sludge: Mechanism and performance insights
Authors: Liu Yanfang , Gao Wei , Liu Rui , Zhang Wenjing , Niu Jianrui , Lou Xiaoyue , Li Gong , Liu Haoyun , Li Zaixing 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA phosphorus removal biochar adsorbent was prepared from Fenton sludge. The adsorption process was optimized, and its phosphorus adsorption mechanism was discussed. It was found that the phosphorus adsorption performance of biochar prepared from single Fenton sludge (FBC‐400) was better than that of co‐pyrolysis of Fenton sludge and bamboo powder. The optimum condition was that Fenton sludge pyrolyzed at 400°C (FBC‐400). FBC‐400 had a larger specific surface area than that prepared by co‐pyrolysis with bamboo powder. And the high content of iron element could provide a higher surface charge of the biochar, thereby increasing the electrostatic adsorption of phosphorus onto FBC‐400. The phosphorus adsorption was highly pH dependent by FBC‐400, which can enhance electrostatic adsorption and increase adsorption capacity in acidic conditions. The effect of coexisting anion on adsorption performance was mainly affected by CO32−, reducing the adsorption capacity by at least 49%, whereas other anions had no obvious interference. The adsorption process of FBC‐400 accorded with the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model and the Langmuir model, which indicated that the adsorption process was monolayer adsorption and mainly chemical adsorption, and the maximum saturated phosphorus adsorption capacity was 8.77 mg g−1. The mechanisms for phosphorus adsorption were electrostatic adsorption and inner‐sphere complexing. 1 M NaOH was used for desorption, and the adsorption capacity remained at 81% in the fifth cycle.Practitioner Points

The Fenton sludge biochar usage as an adsorbent could be a win‐win strategy to convert waste biomass to valuable ‐ product.
The adsorption process accorded with the Langmuir model, the maximum phosphorus adsorption capacity was 8.77 mg/g at 25°C.
The adsorption mechanisms were electrostatic adsorption and inner‐sphere complexing.
1M NaOH was used for desorption, and the adsorption capacity remained at 81% in the fifth cycle.
Heritage Requires Citizens’ Knowledge: The COST Place-Making Action and Responsible Research
Authors: Oevermann Heike , Erek Ayse , Hein Carola , Horan Conor , Krasznahorkai Kata , Lange Ida Sofie Gøtzsche , Manahasa Edmond , Martin Marijke , Menezes Marluci , Nikšič Matej , Polko Paulina , Székely Juli , Tappert Simone , Tuominen Pekka 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis chapter reflects on responsible science with an eye toward concrete research practice. To this end, we briefly introduce the RRI paradigm (Responsible Research and Innovation) and then highlight seven EU research projects in the context of a transnational COST Action project. This COST Action will investigate how placemaking activities, like public art, civil urban design, and local knowledge production, reshape and reinvent public space, and improve citizens’ involvement in urban planning and urban design, especially in the context of heritage sites. The chapter introduces heritage case studies that either contrast, differentiate, and add to existing knowledge and practices in placemaking through specific initiatives, or enable the establishment of common ground within a wider constellation of societal actors and both, as we see, contribute in different ways to responsible research. We analyze how the four criteria of RRI, namely anticipation, reflexivity, inclusion, and responsiveness are considered and implemented, and the extent to which digital tools are supportive. Obviously, coproduction of knowledge is not sufficient when we call for responsible science in the narrow sense, hence the development of common ground also appears necessary.
Responsibility in Science: The Philosophical View
Authors: Lenk Hans 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTerms of responsibility are relational attributes, i.e., attribution terms. They are to be understood as linguistically, socially, and situationally embedded concepts conventionalized by rules and have to be analyzed accordingly. A structural theory of responsibility, and more differentiated forms and types of responsibility such as relational attribution-based concepts, will be developed schematically in order to do justice to the variety of different uses of the concepts of responsibility, e.g., causal and action responsibility, role responsibility, but also social and (universal) moral and legal responsibility. In this chapter, I apply the general considerations of responsibility to analyze responsibility in science. The responsibility of the researcher in science and technology is a special case of role-specific and moral responsibility in a strategic position. Points to be discussed include known means of implementing responsibility in science, including codes of conduct, ethics committees, a scientific ethos, and the Hippocratic Oath for scientists. The chapter concludes with fifteen theses on responsibility in science. The key principle should be “concrete humanity”: Practical and concrete humanity should always be a central guiding principle (in dubio pro humanitate practica).
Between Parrhesia and Fake: Scientific Responsibility Today
Authors: Zimmermann Rainer E. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWhile the public discourse has recently been increasingly burdened by the dissemination of fake news and alternative facts, the scientific community is now also threatened by such influences. This must be confronted and countered decisively: Scientific discourse thrives on free speech, which is both the right and duty of serious scientists, and individual imagination is also essential. This does not mean, however, that anything can be disseminated at will, but imagination in a scientific context always means exact imagination, i.e., one that has to submit to the strict conditions of consistency while remaining connectable to the knowledge acquired so far.
Black holes with spindles at the horizon
Authors: Giri Suvendu 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We construct AdS4 × Σ and AdS2 × Σ × $$ {\Sigma}_{\mathfrak{g}} $$

Σ
g

solutions in F(4) gauged supergravity in six dimensions, where Σ is a two dimensional manifold of non-constant curvature with conical singularities at its two poles, called a spindle, and $$ {\Sigma}_{\mathfrak{g}} $$

Σ
g

is a constant curvature Riemann surface of genus $$ \mathfrak{g} $$
g
. We find that the first solution realizes a “topologically topological twist”, while the second class of solutions gives rise to an “anti twist”. We compute the holographic free energy of the AdS4 × Σ solution and find that it matches the entropy computed by extremizing an entropy functional that is constructed by gluing gravitational blocks. For the AdS2 × Σ × $$ {\Sigma}_{\mathfrak{g}} $$

Σ
g

solution, we find that the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy is reproduced by extremizing an appropriately defined entropy functional, which leads us to conjecture that this solution is dual to a three dimensional SCFT on a spindle. A class of the AdS2 × Σ × $$ {\Sigma}_{\mathfrak{g}} $$

Σ
g

solutions can be embedded in four dimensional T3 gauged supergravity, which is a subtruncation of the six dimensional theory.
Low radioactive material screening and background control for the PandaX-4T experiment
Authors:   The PandaX-4T collaboration, Qian Zhicheng , Si Lin , Abdukerim Abdusalam , Bo Zihao , Chen Wei , Chen Xun , Chen Yunhua , Cheng Chen , Cheng Yunshan , Cui Xiangyi , Fan Yingjie , Fang Deqing , Fu Changbo , Fu Mengting , Geng Lisheng , Giboni Karl , Gu Linhui , Guo Xuyuan , Han Ke , He Changda , He Jinrong , Huang Di , Huang Yanlin , Huang Zhou , Hou Ruquan , Ji Xiangdong , Ju Yonglin , Li Chenxiang , Li Mingchuan , Li Shu , Li Shuaijie , Lin Qing , Liu Jianglai , Lu Xiaoying , Luo Lingyin , Ma Wenbo , Ma Yugang , Mao Yajun , Meng Yue , Ning Xuyang , Qi Ningchun , Ren Xiangxiang , Shaheed Nasir , Shang Changsong , Shen Guofang , Sun Wenliang , Tan Andi , Tao Yi , Wang Anqing , Wang Meng , Wang Qiuhong , Wang Shaobo , Wang Siguang , Wang Wei , Wang Xiuli , Wang Zhou , Wu Mengmeng , Wu Weihao , Xia Jingkai , Xiao Mengjiao , Xiao Xiang , Xie Pengwei , Yan Binbin , Yan Xiyu , Yang Jijun , Yang Yong , Yu Chunxu , Yuan Jumin , Yuan Ying , Zhang Dan , Zhang Minzhen , Zhang Peng , Zhang Tao , Zhao Li , Zheng Qibin , Zhou Jifang , Zhou Ning , Zhou Xiaopeng , Zhou Yong 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
PandaX-4T is a ton-scale dark matter direct detection experiment using a dual-phase TPC technique at the China Jinping Underground Laboratory. Various ultra-low background technologies have been developed and applied to material screening for PandaX-4T, including HPGe gamma spectroscopy, ICP-MS, NAA, radon emanation measurement system, krypton assay station, and alpha detection system. Low background materials were selected to assemble the detector. Surface treatment procedures were investigated to further suppress radioactive background. Combining measured results and Monte Carlo simulation, the total material background rates of PandaX-4T in the energy region of 1–25 keVee are estimated to be (9.9 ± 1.9) × 10−3 mDRU for electron recoil and (2.8 ± 0.6) × 10−4 mDRU for nuclear recoil. In addition, natKr in the detector is estimated to be < 8 ppt.
Parton distribution function uncertainties in theoretical predictions for far-forward tau neutrinos at the Large Hadron Collider
Authors: Bai Weidong , Diwan Milind , Garzelli Maria Vittoria , Jeong Yu Seon , Kumar Karan , Reno Mary Hall 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
New experiments dealing with neutrinos in the far-forward region at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) are under design or already in preparation. Two of them, FASERν and SND@LHC, are expected to be active during Run 3 and have the potential to detect the interactions of ν and $$ \overline{\nu} $$

ν
¯

that come from high-energy collisions in one of the LHC interaction points, extracted along the direction tangent to the beam line. Tau neutrinos and antineutrinos come predominantly from $$ {D}_s^{\pm } $$

D
s
±

production in pp collisions, followed by the leptonic decay of these mesons. Neutrino pseudorapidities in the range of η > 6.9 and η > 8.9 are relevant to these future experiments. At such pseudorapidities at high energies, QCD theoretical predictions for the flux of ντ plus $$ \overline{\nu} $$

ν
¯

τ rely on parton distribution functions (PDFs) in a combination of very small and large parton−x values. We evaluate PDF un	certainties affecting the flux of ντ + $$ \overline{\nu} $$

ν
¯

τ produced by $$ {D}_s^{\pm } $$

D
s
±

decay in the far forward region at the LHC. Next-to-leading order (NLO) QCD uncertainties are included in the calculation of $$ {D}_s^{\pm } $$

D
s
±

production and NLO PDF sets are used for consistency. The theoretical uncertainty associated with the 40 PDF sets of the PROSA19 group amounts to ±(20 − 30)% for the (ντ + $$ \overline{\nu} $$

ν
¯

τ) number of charged-current (CC) events. Scale uncertainties are much larger, resulting in a range of CC event predictions from ~70% lower to ~90% higher than the central prediction. A comparison of the predictions with those obtained using as input the central PDFs from the 3-flavour NLO PDF sets of the CT14, ABMP16 and NNPDF3.1 collaborations show that far-forward neutrino energy distributions vary by as much as a factor of ~2 – 4 relative to the PROSA19 predictions at TeV neutrino energies. The Forward Physics Facility in the high luminosity LHC era will provide data capable of constraining NLO QCD evaluations with these PDF sets.
Holographic supersolids
Authors: Baggioli Matteo , Frangi Giorgio 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
A supersolid is a system that presents long-range order and shear rigidity as a solid but which also supports a non-dissipative superflow as a superfluid. From an effective perspective, supersolids are identified with phases of matter that break spontaneously translational invariance together with a global U(1) symmetry. By using this symmetry prescription, we build a holographic bottom-up model for supersolids and we start the investigation of its thermodynamic and mechanical properties. More precisely, we analyze the behaviour of the critical temperature, the condensate, the shear modulus and the viscosity across all the phase diagram. Finally, we successfully compare our results with a simple Ginzburg-Landau model for supersolids deriving some universal physical correlations between the observables mentioned above.