bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysing the Effect of Test-and-Trace Strategy in an SIR Epidemic Model
Authors: Zhang Dongni , Britton Tom 
Published: August 2022

AbstractConsider a Markovian SIR epidemic model in a homogeneous community. To this model we add a rate at which individuals are tested, and once an infectious individual tests positive it is isolated and each of their contacts are traced and tested independently with some fixed probability. If such a traced individual tests positive it is isolated, and the contact tracing is iterated. This model is analysed using large population approximations, both for the early stage of the epidemic when the “to-be-traced components” of the epidemic behaves like a branching process, and for the main stage of the epidemic where the process of to-be-traced components converges to a deterministic process defined by a system of differential equations. These approximations are used to quantify the effect of testing and of contact tracing on the effective reproduction numbers (for the components as well as for the individuals), the probability of a major outbreak, and the final fraction getting infected. Using numerical illustrations when rates of infection and natural recovery are fixed, it is shown that Test-and-Trace strategy is effective in reducing the reproduction number. Surprisingly, the reproduction number for the branching process of components is not monotonically decreasing in the tracing probability, but the individual reproduction number is conjectured to be monotonic as expected. Further, in the situation where individuals also self-report for testing, the tracing probability is more influential than the screening rate (measured by the fraction infected being screened).
No Effects of a Brief Mindfulness Intervention on Controlled Motivation and Amotivation, but Effect Moderation Through Trait Mindfulness: a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Oberleiter Sandra , Wainig Hannah , Voracek Martin , Tran Ulrich S. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Mindfulness is associated with the different forms of motivation according to self-determination theory (intrinsic, identified, and external motivation, and amotivation). However, causal evidence for reported negative associations of mindfulness with external motivation and amotivation is currently lacking. Therefore, this study investigated causal effects of a brief mindfulness intervention on motivation towards a personal goal. We differentiated distinct forms of motivation and also controlled for baseline motivation and trait mindfulness, which could act as a moderator of the interventional effects.

Methods
Data of N = 91 participants were used, who were randomly assigned to either audio-guided meditation or a control condition. Situational motivation for a personal goal was assessed before and after the intervention. Trait mindfulness was measured with the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire.

Results
The intervention had a positive effect on the more autonomous forms of motivation (d = 0.48), which was, however, qualified by trait mindfulness; i.e., the effect was larger among participants low in trait mindfulness (d = 1.13 at 1 SD below the overall mean). There were no practically relevant effects on external motivation and amotivation.

Conclusions
Mindfulness has a positive causal effect on more autonomous forms of motivation, but probably no relevant effects on external motivation and amotivation. Moderating effects of trait mindfulness need to be considered more systematically in this field of research, but also in research of mindfulness intervention more generally. Mindfulness interventions could be beneficially offered to persons low in trait mindfulness.
Evaluation of water quality and dam for sustaining the fish population dynamics
Authors: Tiwari Poonam , Tiwari Mahidhar Prasad 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBhagirathi is a Himalayan River, which flows in Uttrakashi district in Uttarakhand state. It is one of the most important streams of the Ganga River. This river is famous for dam construction and fisheries development. The fishes of commercial importance in cold water are Mahaseer, Snow Trout. The fish production depends on the physical, chemical as well as biological qualities of water. In the present paper, water quality evaluation and dam in the sustaining fish population dynamics have been reviewed to make aware the fish culturist and environmentalist about the water quality factors which influence health of a pond and to increase the fish yields to meet the growing demands of present time scenario of the our country. The construction of dams causes many problems. Water quality and discharge of water from the dam wall systems also indirectly affect the fish populations. In this study, we also review some of the important impacts associated with dams and their recommended mitigation measures. There is a negative impact on fish population dynamics, especially for downstream habits due to dams. Water quality is measured like temperature, turbidity, carbon dioxide, pH, alkalinity, hardness, BOD, TDS, Turbidity. The maximum oxygen content of water was recorded in January 13.02 ± 0.166 mg l−1 and minimum 9.4 ± 0.05 mg l−1 in July in site I phase I (before the reservoir dam wall). While in site II and phase I (After the dam), the maximum DO was observed in the month of January of 12.1 mg l−1 and minimum in July of 8.93 mg l−1. This is because water level is minimized in site II almost dried in winter. The CO2 of the Maneri Bhali phase I -Site I (before dam) was recorded maximum in April 3.10 ± 0.012 mg l−1. In Maneri Bhali phase I -Site II (After dam), the CO2 was recorded maximum 3.01 ± 0.003 mg l−1 in the month July. The river of Garhwal Himalaya harbors a rich aquatic diversity, the most common endemic fish species that inhabit this fresh water is the Schizothorax species. The maximum no. of fish were observed in winter and minimum in monsoon. At present, the production of these fishes from the streams is very poor and is not well managed from recreational and conservation point of view. If such is developed properly, it can have revenue potential for our state government. Sports, fisheries, tourism should be promoted.
Laboratory evaluation of operating conditions for chloride removal from diethanolamine using ion exchange resin and introduction of optimal parameters
Authors: Farahbod Farshad 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this study, a strong anionic resin was used to remove the chloride ion in the diethanolamine of sweetening unit of gas refinery. A laboratory pilot has been investigated as a resin-filled bed to evaluate the reaction temperature, chloride ion concentration, resin saturation, resin recovery rate, optimal reaction temperature, diethanolamine flow rate, hydrogen strength and resin performance in this work. The resin saturation time, capacity of resin, optimal reaction temperature and changes in chloride concentration of the output stream from resin were determined in this research. Finally, the optimal amount of water to regulate the pH of the resin and the optimal amount of 4% sodium hydroxide solution to recycle the resin were calculated. It was found that one liter of resin is able to absorb 20.77 g of chloride. The temperature of 50 °C was considered as the optimal temperature of ion exchange reaction by comparing the amount of caustic and water consumption for resin recovery and regulation of neutral acidity, respectively. In this study, the amount of 4 wt.% caustic and water at a temperature of 50 °C for recovery of 134 g of resin obtained was equal to 8.5 and 5 L, respectively.
An autoethnography of an international doctoral student’s multidimensional identity construction
Authors: Xu Xing 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThere is a scarcity of scholarship that sheds light on international doctoral students’ identity construction in quotidian encounters beyond the formal curriculum. In this autoethnographic study, based on my diary entries, via a socio-constructivist lens, I teased out my multidimensional identity construction by referring to situations, activities and relations embedded in daily experiences during my overseas study sojourn. My autoethnography reveals that how I make sense of my becoming and being as a Chinese sojourning in Australia for doctoral education transcends the experientiality of doing research alone, but incorporates gendered, sociocultural and professional facets within my past-present-future life trajectory. As I navigated these encounters, strategically mobilising my agency and utilising structural contexts towards the aim of achieving ontological security, I engaged in negotiating a transformative identity. The research calls for more studies in the future that explore the complexities and nuances of international doctoral students’ identity construction in quotidian realities.
Utilization of chemically modified coal fly ash as cost-effective adsorbent for removal of hazardous organic wastes
Authors: Eteba A. , Bassyouni M. , Saleh M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDisposal of dyes wastewater into aquatic streams is considered as a major challenge due to its effect on water ecosystem. Direct dyes have a complex aromatic structure. Therefore, it is difficult to separate them from industrial wastewater. Conversely, fly ash is a main by-product pollutant generated from coal burning to fulfill energy requirements. In this study, thermochemical treatment process was applied to coal fly ash (CFA) in order to increase its surface area, improve its pore’s structure and enhancing its adsorption capacity for direct blue 78 dye (DB78) removal. The treated coal fly ash (TCFA) was characterized by physicochemical analyses such as XRD, XRF, TGA, SEM, FTIR, surface area (SBET) and particles size analysis. Batch experiments were conducted to analyze the adsorption behavior for TCFA and to examine the DB78 dye removal efficiency. The physicochemical analysis results indicated that a higher increase in CFA surface area from 9.6 to 60.4 m2g−1 was obtained due to the modification process. The maximum removal efficiency using TCFA was 99.7% for initial dye concentration 10 mg/L and TCFA dose 2 g/L. The adsorption isotherm was studied by Langmuir and Freundlich model using different dye concentrations. The results showed that equilibrium data followed closely Langmuir isotherm model (R2 = 0.99) indicating monolayer and homogeneous adsorption process.
Effect of abiotic factors on the stability of chosen oligopeptides isolated from the freshwater cyanobacterium Woronichinia naegeliana
Authors: Bober B. , Bialczyk J. , Chrapusta-Srebrny E. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCyanobacterial blooms have a significant impact on water quality. Implementing appropriate treatment methods to remove cyanobacterial secondary metabolites requires assessing their stability. In contrast to cyanotoxins, the effect of abiotic factors on cyanopeptides has been poorly studied. The present study analysed the impact of pH, temperature, visible and ultraviolet (UV) radiation on the stability of chosen oligopeptides found in a freshwater cyanobacterium Woronichinia naegeliana bloom that frequently appears in drinking water reservoirs worldwide. The tested cyanopeptolin 1081 (CYA-1081) and anabaenopeptin 899 (ANB-899) were relatively stable at room temperature for 12 weeks regardless of pH. However, boiling (100 °C) for one hour affected the partial decomposition of the compounds in a pH-dependent manner; the highest decrease in the initial content of CYA-1081 to 47.0% was recorded at pH 9, while for ANB-899 to 42.4% at pH 3. The tested cyanopeptolin was resistant to visible radiation, but UV radiation in an acidic condition caused its degradation by 32.3%. Treatment of ANB-899 with visible or UV radiation for 3 h caused its partial decomposition with a maximum reduction of 40.4 and 70.8%, respectively, at acidic pH. The presented data provided information on factors affecting the cyanopeptides persistence and may be useful in the search for and development of effective methods of removing cyanobacterial metabolites.
Zusammenhänge zwischen sozialer Herkunft, Unterrichtsform und Learning Outcomes während der Pandemie
Authors: Obermeier Ramona , Lenz Sonja , Helm Christoph 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungDie COVID-19 Pandemie hat zu flächendeckenden Schulschließungen geführt, was mit massiven Veränderungen in den Lehr- und Lernprozessen sowie den Lernergebnissen der Schüler*innen verbunden war. Während erste Leistungsstudien Lerneinbußen aufgrund der Schulschließungen im Frühjahr 2020 untersuchen, liegen bisher kaum Befunde vor, die Hinweise auf zentrale Prädiktoren für die Entwicklung von Schüler*innenoutcomes (Belastungserleben, Lernzuwachs und Lernzeit) während späterer Schulschließungen liefern. Die vorliegende Studie nähert sich dieser Frage an, indem Schüler*innenoutcomes vor und während der Schulschließungen durch die Herkunft (Akademikerhaushalt, zuhause gesprochene Sprache) und die Unterrichtsform (offen vs. traditionell) vorhergesagt werden. Die vorgestellten Mehrebenen-Regressionsmodelle werden durch Theorien zur Entstehung von Bildungsungleichheit und Konzepten offenen Unterrichts motiviert. Die Ergebnisse der Mehrebenenmodelle (N = 1566 Schüler*innen der Sekundarstufe II) zeigen, dass das Belastungserleben der Schüler*innen während der Schulschließungen für Kinder ohne deutsche Muttersprache höher war als bei Kindern mit deutscher Muttersprache. Hinsichtlich der retrospektiven Angaben zum selbsteingeschätzten Lernzuwachs und der Lernzeit bestehen dagegen keine (über die Unterschiede in den Eingangswerten vor COVID hinausgehende) Zusammenhänge mit der Herkunft. Bezüglich der Beziehung offener Unterrichtsformen und der retrospektiv eingeschätzten Schüler*innenoutcomes zeigt sich, dass Schüler*innen aus traditionell unterrichteten Klassen während der Schulschließungen eine statistisch signifikant höhere Lernzeit angeben als Schüler*innen, die offen unterrichtet wurden. Offen unterrichtete Schüler*innen schätzen allerdings trotz geringerer Lernzeit ihren Lernzuwachs nicht geringer ein als traditionell unterrichtete Schüler*innen.
The direct-connectedness function in the random connection model
Authors: Jansen Sabine , Kolesnikov Leonid , Matzke Kilian 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe investigate expansions for connectedness functions in the random connection model of continuum percolation in powers of the intensity. Precisely, we study the pair-connectedness and the direct-connectedness functions, related to each other via the Ornstein–Zernike equation. We exhibit the fact that the coefficients of the expansions consist of sums over connected and 2-connected graphs. In the physics literature, this is known to be the case more generally for percolation models based on Gibbs point processes and stands in analogy to the formalism developed for correlation functions in liquid-state statistical mechanics.We find a representation of the direct-connectedness function and bounds on the intensity which allow us to pass to the thermodynamic limit. In some cases (e.g., in high dimensions), the results are valid in almost the entire subcritical regime. Moreover, we relate these expansions to the physics literature and we show how they coincide with the expression provided by the lace expansion.
Adult experiences of constraint-induced movement therapy programmes: a qualitative study using the Theoretical Domains Framework and Capability, Opportunity, Motivation – Behaviour system
Authors: Christie Lauren J. , Rendell Reem , McCluskey Annie , Fearn Nicola , Hunter Abigail , Lovarini Meryl 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAim:To explore the experiences of adults who completed a constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) programme, and the barriers and enablers to their participation.Methods:Qualitative design using semi-structured interviews. Stroke and brain injury survivors (n= 45) who had completed CIMT as part of their usual rehabilitation were interviewed 1 month post-CIMT. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and imported into Nvivo for analysis. Inductive coding was used to identify initial themes. Themes were then deductively mapped to the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation – Behaviour system, a behaviour change model, to identify barriers and enablers to CIMT programme adherence and engagement.Results:Enablers influencing participation included being provided with education about the programme (Capability – psychological), seeing improvements in arm function (Motivation – reflective), being committed to the programme (Motivation – reflective) and having strong social support from staff, family and allied health students (Opportunity – social). The structured programme was a motivator and offered a way to fill the time, particularly during inpatient rehabilitation (Opportunity – physical). Barriers to participation included experiencing physical and mental fatigue (Capability – physical) and frustration early in the CIMT programme (Motivation – automatic), and finding exercises boring and repetitive (Motivation – automatic).Conclusion:Therapist provision of educational supports for CIMT participants and their families is important to maximise CIMT programme uptake. During CIMT delivery, we recommend the provision of positive feedback and coaching in alignment with CIMT principles, and the inclusion of social supports such as group-based programmes to enhance participant adherence.
Hume’s Conventionalist Account of Property and the History of English Land Law
Authors: Jensen Darryn 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe central theoretical assumption of English land law (and land law in related legal systems) that all rights in land are derivative of the Crown’s rights does not provide a full account of the origins of rights in land. ‘Liberal’ theories of the origin of property rights, which see property rights as something that emerged independently of state action, retain considerable explanatory value. The paper begins with a discussion of the principal features of David Hume’s account of the origins of property. The paper then engages with historical scholarship that shows that (1) it is a mistake to see the medieval English hierarchy of administration as implying a hierarchy of property rights ultimately derived from the Crown’s ‘title,’ and (2) the idea that communal medieval agricultural practices were super-imposed upon a pre-existing system of individual property rights is plausible.
Evaluation of health-promoting self-care behaviors in hypertensive patients with concomitant chronic kidney disease in primary care
Authors: Korzh Oleksii , Titkova Anna , Fylenko Yana , Lavrova Yelizaveta 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Aim:
This study was to investigate the relationships among health behaviors and quality of life (QOL) and to test a proposed model among people with hypertension and concomitant chronic kidney disease (CKD) in primary care. In addition, the mediation effect of modifiable risk factors between self-care health behaviors and QOL was examined.

Methods:
This study was prospective, conducted in the centers of primary medical care in the period from January 2018 to January 2020. In total, 170 patients diagnosed with hypertension and CKD at least 12 months previously were included in this study. The following parameters were measured: self-efficacy, self-care health behaviors with the subscales of health responsibility, exercise, consumption of a healthy diet, stress management, and smoking cessation; modifiable risk score; and QOL (assessed using the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey instrument).

Results:
Self-efficacy had a significantly positive direct effect on self-care health behaviors, with a standardized regression coefficient of 0.87 (P = 0.007), a negative indirect effect on risk factors, with a standardized regression coefficient of 0.11 (P = 0.006), and a positive indirect effect on QOL, with a standardized regression coefficient of 0.62 (P = 0.008). Self-care health behaviors had a significantly positive direct effect on QOL, with a standardized regression coefficient of 0.72 (P = 0.012); there was also an indirect effect of 0.053 (P = 0.004). The direct effect of risk factors on QOL was significant, with a standardized regression coefficient of 0.44 (P = 0.018). The direct effect of self-care health behaviors on QOL was 0.77 (P = 0.008), which has been reduced to 0.72 (P = 0.012). The reduced effect of 0.05 was significant (P = 0.004), confirming the mediating role of modified risk factors.

Conclusions:
This study indicates health-promoting behaviors in hypertensive patients with CKD have a potential impact on their QOL in primary care. Primary care physicians should focus on motivation strategies to encourage individuals to perform self-care health-promoting behaviors associated with the improved QOL, in order to achieve better outcomes in risk factor management.
Constraints on Marine Isotope Stage 3 and 5 Sea Level From the Flooding History of the Karimata Strait in Indonesia
Authors: Weiss Thomas L. , Linsley Braddock K. , Gordon Arnold L. , Rosenthal Yair , Dannenmann‐Di Palma Stefanie 
Published: August 2022

AbstractGlobal mean sea level (GMSL) during intermediate interglacial Marine Isotope Stage 3 (MIS 3) (60–26 ka) has proven difficult to constrain. Paleo‐sea level estimates based on ice margin, modeling, and paleo‐shoreline reconstructions indicate that MIS 3 GMSL was substantially higher than reconstructed from deep‐ocean benthic foraminifera oxygen isotope (δ18O) and coral records, implying much smaller ice sheets during MIS 3. Here, we use the δ18O and Mg/Ca chemistry of surface and thermocline dwelling foraminifera in the Sulu Sea in the western Pacific margin to estimate relative changes of the influx of South China Sea surface flow through the Sulu Sea over the last 140 ka. We show that this South China Sea throughflow is controlled in part by changes in GMSL modulating the depth of the 36 m deep Karimata Strait at the southern end of the South China Sea. We constrain maximum allowable GMSL at the beginning and end of MIS 3 to −22 ± 6 and −29 ± 5 m, respectively, and minimum allowable GMSL during interglacial stages MIS 5c and 5a (117–72 ka) to range from −3 ± 8 to −8 ± 8 m and −11 ± 7 to −12 ± 7 m, respectively. Our results constrain MIS 3 GMSL, but do not rule out higher MIS 3 ice margin, modeling, and paleo‐shoreline‐based MIS 3 GMSL estimates or lower coral and seawater δ18O‐based estimates. Our results favor the highest MIS 5a and 5c GMSL estimates and confirm that the Sunda Shelf served as a land‐bridge for human and megafauna migration during MIS 3 when humans first arrived in Borneo.
A Lagrangian View of Seasonal Stratosphere‐Troposphere Exchange
Authors: Schoeberl M. R. , Ueyama R. , Pfister L. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe use our forward domain filling trajectory model coupled with a new convective parcel injection system to explore stratosphere‐troposphere exchange (STE). We use Modern‐Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 reanalysis and study the December‐February (DJF) and June‐August (JJA) seasons averaged for the years 2006–2015. Maps of age‐of‐air and STE regions show coincidence with stationary forced tropical Rossby waves that straddle the equator. The anticyclonic circulation generated by these waves isolates air over the Asian monsoon, the Tropical West Pacific, and North and South America. We map the preferred locations of troposphere to stratosphere (T2S) and stratosphere to troposphere (S2T) exchange. During DJF, the highest concentration of T2S locations is spread over the tropical west Pacific and in a broad region over Central/South America and Africa. During JJA, the highest concentration T2S locations is in the vicinity of the Asian monsoon. The highest concentration T2S crossing points is nearly always positioned on the eastern side of the Rossby waves where the tropopause is higher. Along the jets that bracket the tropics, the STE locations are consistent with earlier studies of Rossby wave breaking and two‐way exchange. S2T exchange above 12 km occurs at the edges of the tropics along the jet boundaries for both seasons.