bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Selective Sorption of Tricyclazole in Food
Authors: Laskar Namrata , Ghoshal Debabrata , Gupta Suman 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMolecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) for selective recognition and separation of tricyclazole have been synthesized by precipitation polymerization technique, using three different functional monomers viz. methacrylic acid (acidic), 4‐vinyl pyridine (basic) and methyl acrylate (neutral). MIP synthesized using tricyclazole as template, methacrylic acid as functional monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as cross‐linker, 2,2’–azobisisobutyronitrile as initiator and methanol:acetonitrile (1 : 1, v/v) as porogen gave the highest binding efficiency of 93.78 %. Sorption kinetics followed second pseudo order model (R2=0.999) and the data fitted better to Freundlich isotherm (R2=0.991). High values of selectivity factors α (19.43–24.90) and β (23.88–35.03) indicate selectivity of MIPs over non‐imprinted polymers (NIPs) toward tricyclazole in presence of other structural analogues. The MIPs were successfully applied for separating tricyclazole from fortified samples of rice and water, with recovery percentage of 91.64 % and 88.04 %, respectively. These MIPs with high selectivity and reusability can be employed routinely in sample preparation for tricyclazole residue analysis.
The Mechanism of Modification of Poly(anthraquinonylsulfide) Organic Electrode Materials
Authors: Kong Taoying , Zhu Weichen , Jiang Bo , Liao Xia , Xiao Rengui 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOrganic electrode materials have received much attention in recent years, but their solubility of organic affects the capacity of the battery and the cycling performance. The solubility can be effectively reduced by polymerization, which can improve the stability of the material, but the capacity of organic polymer materials generally decreases with an increase in molar mass. In this study, poly(anthraquinonyl sulfide) (PAQS) is strongly oxidized, and its morphological characteristics and active sites are found to change without affecting its solubility, leading to enhanced the battery capacity and stability performance. The experimental results show that PAQS is converted into micro‐sized spherical particles after being treated with H2SO4 solution.This process changes the sulfone group structure of PAQS and increases its active site S=O bond. Calculations show that the adsorption energy of the S=O active site is more stable than that of the original C=O active site, making it easier for the S=O group to adsorb cations. At the same time, the conductivity of PAQS increases after the treatment. The experimental results show that the capacity of the battery is 128.3 mAhg−1 at a current rate of 2 C when the strongly oxidized PAQS is used as the negative electrode, while the initial capacity was only 84.3 mAhg−1 under the same test conditions before the treatment.
Development of Solution‐ and Film‐Based Economical Sensors for Reversible Sensing of Fluoride and Cyanide Ions
Authors: Kakoti Arobinda , Rohman Rakiba , Kar Rahul , Khakhlary Prithiviraj 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThree Bisphenol based economical sensors were developed from readily available reagents with single synthetic step. The bisphenols were obtained from reaction of 2,6‐dimethylphenol with 4‐hydroxybenzaldehyde (BP‐1), 4‐bromobenzaldehyde (BP‐2) and 4‐nitrobenzaldehyde (BP‐3). The cyanide and fluoride ions induce visual colour changes which enabled their naked eye detection and distinguished them as well. All the three sensors were able to detect these anions upto a nano molar range. Selective detection of these two anions with paper strips experiments were demonstrate by taking the BP‐1 as representative case. Again, among the sensors BP‐1 was chosen to immobilize into the cellulose based hydrogel matrix. Resulting composite efficiently detect cyanide and fluoride ions in 100 % aqueous system which otherwise was not feasible owing to water insolubility of BP‐1. The 1 cm2 film containing 0.01 mmol of BP‐1 can absorb 2 ppm of fluoride ion from standard aqueous solution of KF. The morphology study reveals a smooth and miscible distribution of BP‐1 into the polymer matrix. Surface morphology of the composite changes upon treatment with cyanide solution. Both the solution and film based sensing of these anions were found to be reversible in nature. The substituent effect on anion binding ability of respective sensors were demonstrated experimentally and validated theoretically.
Exploring Convergent Two‐Step Synthetic Approaches to the Pancratistatin Framework
Authors: Di Iulio Gemma A. , Mahon Mary F. , Caggiano Lorenzo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPancratistatin and narciclasine are natural products that display potent and selective antiproliferative activity against various cancer cells. We explore convergent synthetic routes to access the pancratistatin framework in just two steps, without the need for metal catalysis or activated substrates via a common indanone intermediate. The indanone is synthesised by intermolecular Friedel‐Crafts acylation with trifluoroacetic acid anhydride (TFAA), by two alternative routes, and then undergoes a Schmidt reaction with TFA to generate the pancratistatin core. This concise approach offers the possibility of generating various pancratistatin analogues for further development.
Rapid and Multimaterial 4D Printing of Shape‐Morphing Micromachines for Narrow Micronetworks Traversing
Authors: Xin Chen , Jin Dongdong , Li Rui , Wang Dawei , Ren Zhongguo , Liu Bingrui , Chen Chao , Li Longfu , Liu Shunli , Xu Bing , Zhang Yachao , Hu Yanlei , Li Jiawen , Zhang Li , Wu Dong , Chu Jiaru 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMicromachines with high environmental adaptability have the potential to deliver targeted drugs in complex biological networks, such as digestive, neural, and vascular networks. However, the low processing efficiency and single processing material of current 4D printing methods often limit the development and application of shape‐morphing micromachines (SMMs). Here, two 4D printing strategies are proposed to fabricate SMMs with pH‐responsive hydrogels for complex micro‐networks traversing. On the one hand, the 3D vortex light single exposure technique can rapidly fabricate a tubular SMM with controllable size and geometry within 0.1 s. On the other hand, the asymmetric multimaterial direct laser writing (DLW) method is used to fabricate SMMs with designable 3D structures composed of hydrogel and platinum nanoparticles (Pt NPs). Based on the presence of ferroferric oxide (Fe3O4) and Pt NPs in the SMMs, efficient magnetic, bubble, and hybrid propulsion modes are achieved. Finally, it is demonstrated that the spatial shape conversion capabilities of these SMMs can be used for narrow micronetworks traversing, which will find potential applications in targeted cargo delivery in microcapillaries.
Perfect secret sharing schemes from combinatorial squares
Authors: Saurabh Shyam , Sinha Kishore 
Published: August 2022

AbstractChaudhryet al.proposed perfect secret sharing schemes from combinatorial squares called Room squares based on certain balanced incomplete block designs. Their protocol is efficient and secure but it is based on a Room square of orderrwhich exists if and only ifris odd andr ≠ 3, 5. Here, we have proposed the schemes from Room squares based on group divisible designs which are a broader class of designs.
Functional holism of systems
Authors: Jackson Scott 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis research note presents an approach to assure that a system meets the basic property of holism. Holism is the principle that the whole is different from, and may be greater than, the sum of its rationally separable parts. This approach suggested in this research note focuses on the functions of the system and on the parts of the system. The approach incorporates the basic property of a system, namely, its hierarchy, and the functions, requirements and solutions for each layer of the hierarchy. The approach then integrates the system layers through their primary property, their functions. The premise of the paper is that a system is holistic if its functions are integrated into a single set of functions. This approach is consistent with the accepted concept of the systems approach because it incorporates the basic system concepts of functions and hierarchy and integrates those with the accepted properties of requirements and solutions. The approach is grounded in practicality because it provides a methodology to show that any real‐world system meets the criterion of holism. The approach is applicable to physical systems, abstract systems and systems of systems.
The mathematical model for heat transfer optimization of Carreau fluid conveying magnetized nanoparticles over a permeable surface with activation energy using response surface methodology
Authors: Fayyadh Mohammed M. , Basavarajappa Mahanthesh , Hashim Ishak , Mackolil Joby , Nisar Kottakkaran Sooppy , Roslan Rozaini , Allaw Durgham 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe sensitivity analysis and response surface methodology (RSM) is performed for the key parameters governed by the magneto‐flow and heat transport of the Carreau nanofluids model toward a stretching/shrinking surface in the presences Arrhenius activation energy and chemical reaction. Nanofluid that displayed Brownian motion and thermophoresis was considered with the permeable condition. The effects of different physical parameters were analyzed by employing appropriate similarity transformations in nonlinear partial differential equations and converted to the dimensionless system of ordinary differential equations. The finite difference method in bvp4c code solves the equations numerically. Associated parameters are presented graphically and interpreted against local Nusselt number, Sherwood number, and skin friction coefficient. An increase in the activation energy factor leads to increased concentration in permeable flow. The higher the activation energy lower the temperature and causes the reaction rate constant to decrease. In addition, it slows down the chemical reaction and increases the concentration characteristics. The increase of radiation and Prandtl number leads to an increase in heat transfer for the permeable surface. Furthermore, the Schmidt number and the binary reaction rate parameter increase the mass transfer for suction/injection flow. As a result, the Nusselt number's highest sensitivity is the Eckert number and the lowest to the thermophoresis parameter. The Sherwood number's positive sensitivity is observed for the Eckert number and Brownian motion parameter, whereas negatively sensitive to thermophoresis.
Numerical analysis of gyrotactic microorganisms in MHD radiative Eyring–Powell nanofluid across a static/moving wedge with Soret and Dufour effects
Authors: Reddy C. Srinivas , Ali Farhan , Al‐Farhany Khaled , Sridhar W. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe proposed mathematical analysis intends to investigate the behavior of gyrotactic microorganisms to depict their significance in heat and mass transfer in unsteady magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) radiative Eyring–Powell nanofluid passing through a static/moving wedge. The Roseland nonlinear approximation was devised to incorporate solar radiation features into the energy equation, while the concept of gyrotactic microorganisms is used to govern the random movement of suspended nanoparticles. Additionally, the most recently revised model for nanofluid is used, which combines Brownian motion and thermophoresis effects. Through a convenient similarity method, the highly nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) with the auxiliary conditions have been translated into ordinary differential equations (ODEs) The altered equations are then utilized numerically via the spectral linearization method. Tables and graphs are used to demonstrate the influence of physical parameters on velocity, temperature, concentration, and motile microorganisms’ density profiles as well as the friction factor and Nusselt number, Sherwood number, and the motile density organism. It is noticed that fluid parameters decrease the velocity profile also enhanced the static and moving wedge. Moreover, a larger value of bioconvection Lewis number and Peclet number deprecates the motile density profiles. A comparison of current outcomes has been obtained with previous literature and is seen to be highly satisfactory.
Biomaterials for Ureteral Stents: Advances and Future Perspectives
Authors: Pacheco Margarida , Silva Joana M. , Aroso Ivo M. , Lima Estêvão , Barros Alexandre A. , Reis Rui L. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractUreteral stents play a fundamental role in the relief of several symptoms associated with common urinary diseases in the modern society, such as strictures, obstruction or promotion of ureteral healing. Even though ureteral stents have been used for more than 40 years and their performance had a huge development over time, they are still related with complications that include stent encrustation and urinary tract infections. Therefore, efforts from the research community still continue to better meet the clinical needs. Ureteral stent’s materials have a great influence on their efficacy, mostly in terms of mechanical and physicochemical properties. Thus, understanding the stent material’s properties is fundamental to address problems of encrustation, bacterial adhesion, patient discomfort and the troubles during insertion, by working on the softness, flexibility and surface properties of the device.Considerable progress has been done on ureteral stent’s properties with the aim to meet the clinical problems encountered. Even though this progress does not end up with an ureteral stent without associated complications, it allows to understand the behaviour of different materials and designs in the urologic environment. Indeed, the vast amount of work done and respective outputs have been proven that the different materials can complement each other’s disadvantages, for example, the metals can bear with the high compression that polymeric stents cannot. The goal is to combine the advantages of each material without their associated complications. Therefore, the use of biodegradable materials and combination of different raw materials, together with design adjustments appears to be the future of ureteral stents design.
Nanoparticles. Potential for Use to Prevent Infections
Authors: Filipović Nenad , Tomić Nina , Kuzmanović Maja , Stevanović Magdalena M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOne of the major issues related to medical devices and especially urinary stents are infections caused by different strains of bacteria and fungi, mainly in light of the recent rise in microbial resistance to existing antibiotics. Lately, it has been shown that nanomaterials could be superior alternatives to conventional antibiotics. Generally, nanoparticles are used for many applications in the biomedical field primarily due to the ability to adjust and control their physicochemical properties as well as their great reactivity due to the large surface-to-volume ratio. This has led to the formation of a new research field called nanomedicine which can be defined as the use of nanotechnology and nanomaterials in diagnostics, imaging, observing, prevention, control, and treatment of diseases. For example, coverings or coatings based on nanomaterials are now seen as a promising strategy for preventing or treating biofilms formation on healthcare kits, implants, and medical devices. Toxicity, inappropriate delivery, or degradation of conventionally used drugs for the treatment of infections may be avoided by using nanoparticles without or with encapsulated/immobilized active substances. Most of the materials which are used and examined for the preparation of the nanoparticles with encapsulated/immobilized active substances or smart reactive nanomaterials with antimicrobial effects are polymers, naturally derived antimicrobials, metal-based and non-metallic materials. This chapter provides an overview of the current state and future perspectives of the nanoparticle-based systems based on these materials for prevention, control, or elimination of biofilm-related infections on urinary stents. It also addresses manufacturing conditions indicating the huge potential for the improvement of existing and development of new promising stent solutions.
Biodegradable Urinary Stents
Authors: Soria Federico , de la Cruz Julia E. , Cepeda Marcos , Serrano Álvaro , Sánchez-Margallo Francisco M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn the twenty-first century, it is difficult to understand that a medical device as widely used as urinary stents require a second medical procedure for removal. Research in the development of biocompatible biodegradable urinary stents (BUS) has been one of the most important research areas of innovation in the urology stent technology. The main characteristics of a BUS are related to its ability to degrade into non-obstructive fragments in a predefined time and to be removed through micturition, after providing an appropriate internal scaffold effect and urinary drainage.One of the barriers slowing down the progress of research are the lack of agreement betweenin vitroandin vivodegradation rates demonstrated in a large number of experimental studies. Unfortunately, currently the absence of BUSs in clinical practice is mainly due to the complicated degradation rate control, maintenance of mechanical properties and safe urinary excretion of stent fragments. In order to alleviate the weak mechanical properties of degradable biomaterials, research has been started with metallic BUS with very promising results. In this regard, Mg2+and its alloys have been used in in vitro and in vivo studies.Another area of current research is the emergence of ureteral BUS to provide a new approach for local drug delivery in upper urinary tract. Drugs may be released while the stent is degrading. Although these innovations are still under research, it is foreseeable that in the near future they could be used to improve the lives of patients.
Ureteral Stent Designs to Reduce Stent-Related Symptoms and Improve Patient Quality of Life
Authors: de la Cruz Julia E. , Sánchez-Margallo Francisco M. , Soria Federico 
Published: August 2022

AbstractConsidering the impact on the quality of life of patients caused by double-J stents, different strategies have been developed to improve their performance. The exploration of new ureteral stent designs is one of the main pathways, along with the development of materials and coatings. Innovations on stent design have focused on the improvement of patient comfort by mainly decreasing or suppressing vesicoureteral reflux and reducing bladder trigone irritation. Many of these designs are based on changes at the distal end, such as antireflux stents, tail stents, suture stents and intraureteral stents. The trend is therefore towards the reduction of the presence of stent material at the level of the ureterovesical junction. However, the indications of these new designs do not correspond to those of a standard ureteral stent and may be more limited. This will most likely lead to the development of more specific devices adapted to each of the different indications for stenting, with the aim of avoiding stent-related adverse effects that result from the generalized use of standard designs.
Encrustation in Urinary Stents
Authors: Kram Wolfgang , Buchholz Noor , Hakenberg O. W. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractUreteral stent placement is an acute measure to restore the urinary flow from the kidney to the bladder in cases of acute or chronic obstruction or a functional disturbance of ureteral peristalsis. In cases with chronic obstruction and poor prognosis due to surgical or sometimes patient preference, ureteral stenting may be used as a permanent treatment. With long-dwell time ureteral stenting, the problems of stent encrustation, biofilm formation, and bacterial colonization become important. Excessive stent encrustation to stent blockage and, consequently, pain, fever, renal infection, impairment of renal function and even renal failure. Encrustations of urinary stents are due to the crystallization of soluble minerals in urine, predominantly calcium oxalate salts. The quantification of this process is highly individualized. This process can occur without significant bacterial contamination but facilitates the adherence, persistence and multiplication of bacteria in biofilms. Uropathogenic microorganisms are either introduced into the bladder when a stent is inserted, or they migrate into the bladder along a transurethral catheter over time.Work is underway for new concepts to develop biomaterials with reduced encrustation propensity and biofilm formation. Promising candidates are coated materials with anti-adhesive properties through covalent binding, high hydrophilicity, and good mechanical properties allowing for adequate patient comfort. Taken together, the use of urinary stents or catheters is characterized by three interrelated problems: a tendency for encrustations through the deposition of urinary crystal-forming ions, facilitation of bacterial colonization and persistence despite antibiotic prophylaxis/treatment, and mechanical irritation with resulting reaction of the ureteral tissues.
Conformal and non-conformal hyperloop deformations of the 1/2 BPS circle
Authors: Drukker Nadav , Kong Ziwen , Probst Malte , Tenser Marcia , Trancanelli Diego 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We construct new large classes of BPS Wilson hyperloops in three-dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 quiver Chern-Simons-matter theory on S3. The main strategy is to start with the 1/2 BPS Wilson loop of this theory, choose any linear combination of the supercharges it preserves, and look for deformations built out of the matter fields that still preserve that supercharge. This is a powerful generalization of a recently developed approach based on deformations of 1/4 and 1/8 BPS bosonic loops, which itself was far more effective at discovering new operators than older methods relying on complicated ansätze. We discover many new moduli spaces of BPS hyperloops preserving varied numbers of supersymmetries and varied subsets of the symmetries of the 1/2 BPS operator. In particular, we find new bosonic operators preserving 2 or 3 supercharges as well as new families of loops that do not share supercharges with any bosonic loops, including subclasses of both 1/8 and 1/4 BPS loops that are conformal.
The cosmological constant as a boundary term
Authors: Buchmüller Wilfried , Dragon Norbert 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We compare the path integral for transition functions in unimodular gravity and in general relativity. In unimodular gravity the cosmological constant is a property of states that are specified at the boundaries whereas in general relativity the cosmological constant is a parameter of the action. Unimodular gravity with a nondynamical background spacetime volume element has a time variable that is canonically conjugate to the cosmological constant. Wave functions depend on time and satisfy a Schrödinger equation. On the contrary, in the covariant version of unimodular gravity with a 3-form gauge field, proposed by Henneaux and Teitelboim, wave functions are time independent and satisfy a Wheeler-DeWitt equation, as in general relativity. The 3-form gauge field integrated over spacelike hypersurfaces becomes a “cosmic time” only in the semiclassical approximation. In unimodular gravity the smallness of the observed cosmological constant has to be explained as a property of the initial state.