bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disentangling the influences of parental genetics on offspring's cognition, education, and psychopathology via genetic and phenotypic pathways
Authors: Axelrud Luiza K. , Hoffmann Maurício S. , Vosberg Daniel E. , Santoro Marcos , Pan Pedro M. , Gadelha Ary , Belangero Sintia I. , Miguel Euripedes C. , Shin Jean , Thapar Anita , Smoller Jordan W. , Pausova Zdenka , Rohde Luis A. , Keller Matthew C. , Paus Tomáš , Salum Giovanni A. 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundSpecific pathways of intergenerational transmission of behavioral traits remain unclear. Here, we aim to investigate how parental genetics influence offspring cognition, educational attainment, and psychopathology in youth.MethodsParticipants for the discovery sample were 2,189 offspring (aged 6–14 years), 1898 mothers and 1,017 fathers who underwent genotyping, psychiatric, and cognitive assessments. We calculated polygenic scores (PGS) for cognition, educational attainment, attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and schizophrenia for the trios. Phenotypes studied included educational and cognitive measures, ADHD and psychotic symptoms. We used a stepwise approach and multiple mediation models to analyze the effect of parental PGS on offspring traits via offspring PGS and parental phenotype. Significant results were replicated in a sample of 1,029 adolescents, 363 mothers, and 307 fathers.ResultsMaternal and paternal PGS for cognition influenced offspring general intelligence and executive function via offspring PGS (genetic pathway) and parental education (phenotypic pathway). Similar results were found for parental PGS for educational attainment and offspring reading and writing skills. These pathways fully explained associations between parental PGS and offspring phenotypes, without residual direct association. Associations with maternal, but not paternal, PGS were replicated. No associations were found between parental PGS for psychopathology and offspring specific symptoms.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that parental genetics influences offspring cognition and educational attainment by genetic and phenotypic pathways, suggesting the expression of parental phenotypes partially explain the association between parental genetic risk and offspring outcomes. Multiple mediations might represent an effective approach to disentangle distinct pathways for intergenerational transmission of behavioral traits.
The impact of paid sick leave laws on consumer and business bankruptcies
Authors: Miller Michelle M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis paper examines how missed income due to illness impacts household fragility. Specifically, it shows that paid sick leave laws, which provide households insurance against illness‐related income shocks, reduce consumer bankruptcy. Using a panel dataset at the county‐quarter level, this paper exploits the geographic and temporal variation in the adoption of paid sick leave laws to implement a difference‐in‐differences and event study analysis. It finds that paid sick leave laws reduce consumer bankruptcy filings by approximately 11%; this effect is seen within three quarters of the law's implementation and remains constant in magnitude and significance thereafter. As paid sick leave laws may come at a cost to businesses, this paper also examines the impact of such laws on business bankruptcy filings—it shows that paid sick leave laws have little to no impact on business bankruptcy filings.
Toward an integrative framework of intergenerational coparenting within family systems: A scoping review
Authors: Bai Xue , Chen Mengtong , He Ranran , Xu Tongling 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntergenerational coparenting has become increasingly prevalent globally. Based on 42 papers identified from a comprehensive search of published studies in five databases, this scoping review identified five major themes related to intergenerational coparenting: power and authority, division of labor, conflict, coping and adaptation, and reciprocity. Guided by family systems theory and an intersectionality perspective, we developed an integrative intergenerational coparenting framework that covers five key themes, illustrates their interrelationships, and links them to influential factors at the individual, familial, sociocultural, and policy levels. This framework can guide future studies on intergenerational coparenting and inform the development of interventions for effectively addressing pragmatic needs of joint childcare, preventing conflict in intergenerational and coparenting relationships, devising useful coping and adaptation strategies for obtaining desirable coparenting outcomes, and nurturing cooperation and reciprocity in the process of coparenting to safeguard the well‐being and functioning of the entire family system.
Downward Nominal Wage Rigidity and Inflation Dynamics during and after the Great Recession
Authors: MINEYAMA TOMOHIDE 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this paper, I develop a New Keynesian model that embeds heterogeneous workers with asymmetric wage adjustment costs to address two inflation puzzles: missing deflation during the Great Recession and the subsequent missing inflation. When the wage adjustment costs are estimated according to U.S. microwage data, downward nominal wage rigidity emerges, which flattens the observed price Phillips curve during and after recessions. Endogenous evolution of the cross‐sectional wage distribution generates nonlinear dynamics including the sign, size, and state dependence. These nonlinearities enable the model to address the inflation puzzles as well as matching microevidence on wage adjustments.
Frequency dependent, reversible focused ultrasound suppression of evoked potentials in the reflex arc in an anesthetized animal
Authors: El Hassan R. H. , Lawand N. B. , Al‐Chaer E. D. , Khraiche M. L. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the potential for noninvasive low frequency, low intensity ultrasound to suppress evoked potentials in the reflex arc neural pathway in anesthetized animal.Material and MethodsSingle unit Electromyographic recordings of gastrocnemius muscle activity were obtained in response to electrical activation of the sciatic nerve, in anesthetized animal, with and without US stimulation. Reflex related potentials were evoked via electrical stimulation and low‐intensity, low‐frequency ultrasound was applied to the sciatic nerve. Electromyogram (EMG) was recorded from the gastrocnemius muscle and amplitude and area under the curve were analyzed to determine the effect of ultrasound stimulation on potentials in the reflex arc. Thermal imaging was used to assess thermal effects of US stimulation and immunohistochemical was performed post‐US stimulation assess potential damage to the nerve.ResultsOur results show a drop in electromyogram amplitudes as high as 20%, and a drop in areas under the curve as high as 23%, with greater effects at lower frequencies (200 kHz) and lower acoustic intensities. The suppression of EMG scales with the magnitude of the electrical stimuli. Also, our results demonstrated transient reversibility of US suppression and our experiments eliminated thermal effects and mechanical and thermal damage.ConclusionThe non‐invasiveness of US stimulation and its inhibitory and reversible effects emphasize the potential of US as a therapeutic modality and clinical tool for suppression of neural potentials in the reflex arc such as the case for pain treatments. The study lays the ground for potential applications of US stimulation in pain treatment.
Whitening effect of kojic acid dipalmitate loaded nanosized ethosomal gel for the treatment of hyperpigmentation: In vitro and in vivo characterization
Authors: Tanveer Nishma , Khan Haji Muhammad Shoaib , Akhtar Naveed 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn recent years, the demands of depigmenting agents in cosmetics have been increased to treat skin conditions such as hyperpigmentation and melasma. Tyrosinase is a major enzyme involve in hyperpigmentation. Kojic acid dipalimate (KAD) is an ester derivative of kojic acid and exhibit excellent tyrosinase inhibiting activity on human skin.ObjectiveTo develop and characterize a novel topical delivery system for KAD by using ethosomes and their in vitro, in vivo characterization for the treatment of hyperpigmentation.MethodsDifferent KAD loaded ethosomal suspensions were prepared using soy phosphatidylcholine, ethanol, propylene glycol, and water with cold method. These formulations were evaluated for size, zeta potential, Polydispersity index, entrapment efficiency, FTIR spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Afterward, the stability of optimized gel was checked and the in vivo studies were carried out in order to evaluate the skin benefits.ResultsThe optimized formulation has zeta potential, size, and entrapment efficiency of −23.4 mV, 148 nm, and 90.0008%, respectively. SEM results showed vesicles were spherical in shape. Ethosomal gel had a good stability at lower temperature (8, 25°C). In addition, ethosomal gel gives significant decrease in skin melanin, erythema, and sebum level while it causes improvement in skin hydration level and elasticity during non‐invasive in vivo studies.ConclusionThe overall findings indicated that the prepared KAD loaded ethosomal formulation was stable and provides deep penetration of KAD into the skin. It offers a promising therapeutic approach for use in skin hyperpigmentation as it has skin whitening and moisturizing effects.
The association between caffeine exposure during pregnancy and risk of gestational hypertension/preeclampsia: A meta‐analysis and systematical review
Authors: Chen Bangsheng , Zhang Mengting , He Yujing , Si Yuexiu , Shi Yetan , Jiang Ke , Shen Jingyi , Hong Jiaze , Ni Saisai 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe potential effect of caffeine exposure during pregnancy on gestational hypertension (GH)/preeclampsia has attracted attention but remains unclear.MethodsA systematic literature search of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases was performed until March 2022. Observational studies assessing the association between caffeine exposure during pregnancy and the risk of GH/preeclampsia were included. The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO: CRD42022322387.ResultsTen studies involving 114 984 pregnant women (2548 diagnosed with GH and 2473 diagnosed with preeclampsia) were included. Comparing caffeine exposure with noncaffeine exposure, no significant association was found between caffeine exposure during pregnancy and the risk of GH (odds ratio [OR] = 0.99, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.90–1.08, p = 0.800) and preeclampsia (OR = 1.13, 95% CI: 0.97–1.31, p = 0.114). Subgroup analyses comparing low to moderate doses with no/lowest doses showed that caffeine exposure during pregnancy was not significant associated with GH (OR = 1.00, p = 0.987) or preeclampsia (OR = 1.03, p = 0.648). Besides, subgroup analyses comparing high doses with no/lowest doses showed that caffeine exposure during pregnancy was not significant associated with GH (OR = 1.06, p = 0.623) or preeclampsia (OR = 1.18, p = 0.192).ConclusionThis study found that caffeine exposure during pregnancy was not significantly associated with the risk of GH/preeclampsia.
Assessing the deinstitutionalization of marriage thesis: Changes in the meaning of cohabitation over the relationship life course
Authors: Sassler Sharon , Miller Amanda Jayne 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveWe assess Cherlin's deinstitutionalization of marriage thesis by examining the meaning couples ascribe to their cohabiting unions, how this differs between partners and by social class, and over the relationship life course.BackgroundCohabitation is often portrayed as a precursor to marriage. Declining shares of cohabitations that transition into marriage challenge this presumption.MethodData are from in‐depth interviews conducted with a class‐diverse sample of 61 different‐gender cohabiting couples (n = 122 individuals). We utilize open, axial, and selective coding to analyze our data.ResultsCohabitation initially serves largely as a form of intensive dating, though over time many respondents described relationships that intensified to a trial for or a precursor to marriage. Maturation, relative comparisons with others' life course transitions, parenthood desires, and conforming to societal expectations abetted intensification, whereas discord—about domestic and fiscal responsibilities, sex, and life goals—and domestic abuse led to de‐escalation, with many in this category “waiting to break up.” Relationship intensification among the middle‐class highlighted continued adherence to the hegemony of marriage, supporting Cherlin's thesis about developmental change. Less advantaged cohabitors more often viewed cohabitation and marriage as equivalent, supporting transformational change. Gendered enactments both challenged and supported existing institutional norms.ConclusionIn the early 21st century, cohabitation is part of the developmental change reshaping marriage among the middle‐class, but plays a more transformational role among the less advantaged, where the institution's hold has weakened.
Cancer‐therapy‐induced mucosal injury from 2001 to 2021: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Qiu Ling , Zhang Duheyi , Ou Zhanpeng , Ren Siqi , Rong Haixu , Wu Fan , Chen Suling , Wang Ruixin , Wu Jiaying , Li Yanyan , Li Jintao , Fan Song , Li Jinsong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundCancer‐therapy‐induced mucosal injury (CMI) is a common and deleterious complication that affects patients undergoing cancer therapies. This study was aimed at elucidating knowledge bases and predicting research trends of this field, by analyzing the bibliographic data of CMI.MethodsThe bibliographic data of CMI from 2001 to 2021 were extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection database in March 2022. After screening, a total of 8181 articles and reviews were included in the study. CiteSpace and VOSviewer were applied to analyze and visualize cooperation, cooccurrence, cocitation, and coupling networks.ResultsA steady increase in publications and a burst of citation since 2019 were seen in the subject. Supportive Care in Cancer, International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics, Annals of Oncology, Cancer, and Radiotherapy and Oncology were the most influential journals of this field. The University of Adelaide, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center were the top three most productive institutions. ST Sonis, RV Lalla, JB Epstein, and DMK Keefe were the authors with impressive publications and citations. The intellectual base was the publication network of improved treatments based on updating knowledge of CMI. The future trends would be the pathogenesis of CMI, mechanism‐based interventions, microbiota of oral and gastrointestinal mucosa, and photobiomodulation.ConclusionThis study introduced the evolving publication network and predicted the research trends of CMI, which helped researchers to obtain detailed and reliable knowledge of the discipline, and focus on the most urgent unsolved problems in this field.
Oversimplified models underestimate the role of local environmental filtering
Authors: Botta‐Dukát Zoltán , Kovács Bence , Gyalus Adrienn 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimsFitting community assembly via trait selection (CATS) models is a useful method of estimating the relative role of environmental selection in community assembly. In the simplest version of CATS models, only linear and additive trait–environment relationships are supposed. This paper explores the consequences of neglecting non‐linearity and trait interactions by analyzing simulated and field data.LocationNorthern Hungary, Central Europe.MethodsStarting with Gaussian response curves, we discussed how more and more complex species–environment relationships can be modeled by CATS regression. Using simulated data, we calculated the bias unsatisfying linearity and additivity assumptions introduce in the estimated role of environmental filtering in community assembly. Field data collected in the forest understorey vegetation were used for illustrating the magnitude of the underestimation in a real data set.ResultsA non‐linear trait–environment relationship appeared even in the simplest, but realistic simulation (i.e., a Gaussian response curve). Neglecting both non‐linearity and trait interactions resulted in considerable underestimation of the strength of the trait–environment correlation. Moreover, this underestimation was stronger in the middle part of the environmental gradients, leading to a spurious pattern.ConclusionAt least, a second‐order polynomial regression model (including interactions among traits) should be fitted to avoid the underestimation of the strength of environmental filtering.
Holistic management of hepatocellular carcinoma: The hepatologist's comprehensive playbook
Authors: Jaffe Ariel , Taddei Tamar H. , Giannini Edoardo G. , Ilagan‐Ying Ysabel C. , Colombo Massimo , Strazzabosco Mario 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common complication in patients with chronic liver disease and leads to significant morbidity and mortality. Liver disease and liver cancer are preventable by mitigating and managing common risk factors, including chronic hepatitis B and C infection, alcohol use, diabetes, obesity and other components of the metabolic syndrome. The management of patients with HCC requires treatment of the malignancy and adequate control of the underlying liver disease, as preserving liver function is critical for successful cancer treatment and may have a relevant prognostic role independent of HCC management. Hepatologists are the ideal providers to guide the care of patients with HCC as they are trained to identify patients at risk, apply appropriate surveillance strategies, assess and improve residual liver function, evaluate candidacy for transplant, provide longitudinal care to optimize and preserve liver function during and after HCC treatment, survey for cancer recurrence and manage its risk factors, and prevent and treat decompensating events. We highlight the need for a team‐based holistic approach to the patient with liver disease and HCC and identify necessary gaps in current care and knowledge.
Increased platelet ratio in patients with decompensated cirrhosis indicates a higher risk of portal vein thrombosis
Authors: Zanetto Alberto , Campello Elena , Burra Patrizia , Senzolo Marco , Simioni Paolo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPatients with decompensated cirrhosis are at risk of portal vein thrombosis (PVT). We prospectively investigated whether alterations of platelet aggregation can predict PVT in decompensated cirrhosis. At baseline, all patients underwent whole‐blood aggregometry (Multiplate®) to assess ADP‐induced platelet aggregation. Aggregometry results were expressed as the ratio between platelet aggregation and platelet count (PLT ratio). Then, patients with cirrhosis were prospectively followed for 1 year for PVT development. One‐hundred and twenty‐eight patients with decompensated cirrhosis were included (Child‐Pugh A/B/C 12/39/49%). The cumulative incidence of PVT was 14%. On multivariate analysis, the PLT ratio (OR 4.5, 95% CI 2.63–7.67; p < .0001) and Child‐Pugh C versus A/B (OR 4.1, 95% CI 1.18–14.80; p = .03) were independently associated with PVT. The discriminative ability of the PLT ratio was higher than Child‐Pugh (AUC 0.92 vs 0.70, p < .0001). A PLT ratio > 0.75 had 83% sensitivity and 84% specificity for PVT. In conclusion, the PLT ratio by Multiplate® seems a promising thrombotic biomarker in decompensated cirrhosis.
The impact of fatigue on mortality of patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease: Data from National Health and nutrition examination survey 2005–2010 and 2017–2018
Authors: Younossi Zobair M. , Paik James M. , Golabi Pegah , Younossi Youssef , Henry Linda , Nader Fatema 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveFatigue among patients with NAFLD may negatively impact their health‐related quality of life and clinical outcomes (mortality). We determined fatigue prevalence and its association with all‐cause mortality among patients with NAFLD.DesignNHANES 2005–2010 and 2017–2018 data were used with linked mortality data. NAFLD was defined by fatty liver index for NHANES 2005–2010 and by transient elastography for NHANES 2017–2018. Fatigue was assessed by Patient Health Questionnaire.ResultsNHANES 2005–2010 cohort (n = 5429, mean age 47.1 years, 49.7% male, 69.9% white), 37.6% had NAFLD. Compared to non‐NAFLD controls, fatigue was more common in NAFLD (8.35% vs 6.0%, p = .002). Among NHANES 2017–2018 cohort (n = 3830, mean age 48.3 years, 48.6% male, 62.3% white), 36.9% had NAFLD. Compared to non‐NAFLD controls, fatigue was more common among NAFLD (8.7% vs 6.2%). NAFLD had more sleep disturbance (34.0% vs 26.7%), cardiovascular disease (CVD) (10.7% vs. 6.3%), significant hepatic fibrosis (liver stiffness>8.0 kPa, 17.9% vs 3.5%) and advanced hepatic fibrosis (>13.1 kPa, 5.4% vs 0.9%; all p < .003). The presence of depression (OR: 11.52, 95% CI: 4.45–29.80, p < .0001), CVD (OR: 3.41, 95% CI: 1.02–11.34, p = .0462) and sleep disturbance (OR: 2.00, 95% CI: 1.00–3.98, p = .0491) was independently associated with fatigue; good sleep quality (OR: 0.58, 95% CI: 0.35–0.96, p = .0366) had an inverse association. By multivariable Cox model, NAFLD adults with fatigue experienced 2.3‐fold higher mortality than NAFLD without fatigue (HR: 2.31, 95% CI: 1.37–3.89, p = .002).ConclusionsFatigue among those with NAFLD is associated with increased risk for mortality and is mainly driven by depression, sleep disturbance and CVD. These findings have important clinical implications.
Anonymous Gamete Donation in Iran: Lineage Revisited
Authors: Tremayne Soraya 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAssisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) were legitimized in Iran through the rulings (fatwa) of some of the Shia Islamic jurists, who, in allowing third‐party gamete donation, specified that the resulting child will belong to its biological parent from whom it will take its lineage and inherit. However, three decades on and in practice, the recipients of gamete are increasingly resorting to seeking third‐party gamete from anonymous donors, an act which defies the above rulings. Currently, a proposal including legalizing anonymous gamete donation is examined by the parliament and the question of anonymity remains in flux. This article examines the factors leading to the emergence of the preference by both the infertile couples and the practitioners for anonymous donation. It further examines the implications of anonymous gamete donation for lineage and biological relatedness, which form the cornerstone of family and kinship, and which are paramount in Islam and in Iranian culture.
Fertility Decline, Small Families, and Son Selection in the Arab World: The Controversial Convergence of Contraceptive and Repro‐genetic Technologies
Authors: Inhorn Marcia C. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe Arab world has experienced one of the most dramatic fertility declines in modern history, the result of both contraceptive technologies and couples’ desires for smaller families. Assisted reproductive and genetic technologies have also become widespread across the region, leading to new practices of in vitro fertilization (IVF) with sex selection. This article examines the desire for small families with sons, and the introduction of the repro‐genetic technology of preimplantation genetic screening (PGS) for son selection. Islamic opinions on sex selection are divided, but permissivefatwas have fueled practices of son selection in some Arab countries, including the United Arab Emirates, the focus of this study. As shown in this article, the “bioethical aftermath” of these repro‐genetic practices may include son preference and daughter discrimination, with future distortions of population sex ratios across the Arab world.