bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Child development and distance learning in the age of COVID-19
Authors: Champeaux Hugues , Mangiavacchi Lucia , Marchetta Francesca , Piccoli Luca 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSchool closures, forcibly brought about by the COVID-19 crisis in many countries, have impacted children’s lives and their learning processes. The heterogeneous implementation of distance learning solutions is likely to bring a substantial increase in education inequality, with long term consequences. The present study uses data from a survey collected during Spring 2020 lockdown in France and Italy to analyze parents’ evaluations of their children’s home schooling process and emotional well-being at time of school closure, and the role played by different distance learning methods in shaping these perceptions. While Italian parents have a generally worse judgment of the effects of the lockdown on their children, the use of interactive distance learning methods appears to significantly attenuate their negative perception. This is particularly true for older pupils. French parents rather perceive that interactive methods are effective in mitigating learning losses and psychological distress only for their secondary school children. In both countries, further heterogeneity analysis reveal that parents perceive younger children and boys to suffer more during this period.
Modeling COVID-19 effects on SDGs using system dynamics in Egypt
Authors: Marzouk Mohamed , Azab Shimaa , Elshaboury Nehal , Megahed Alaa , Metawie Mahmoud , Hawary Mostafa El , Ghaith Doaa , Bayoumi AbdElMoniem 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) poses a significant threat to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). To address this challenge, a thorough examination of the pandemic’s influence on four SDGs in Egypt is presented in a system dynamic model. The addressed goals are related to no poverty (SDG 1), zero hunger (SDG 2), decent work and economic growth (SDG 8), and climate action (SDG 13). The model is simulated over 35 years extending from 2015 to 2050. Furthermore, a web-based interactive learning environment is developed to analyze the interdependencies among public health activities and study the impacts of possible intervention countermeasures or prevention policies. Indicators including poverty line, food insecurity, gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are evaluated to track Egypt’s performance in relation to SDGs 1, 2, 8, and 13. According to the simulation model, the poverty line will continue to decline until it reaches around 16% by 2050. According to the significant governmental efforts to follow its vision of 2030, Egypt can achieve a decreasing percentage of food insecurity, reaching 3% in 2030, and this percentage will continue to decrease until it reaches full sufficiency by 2050. The GDP growth rate will rise every year until it reaches 13.71% in 2050. With respect to climate, GHG emissions are predicted to fall to roughly 97 Mt CO2-equivalents by 2050. This approach revitalizes debates about the achievement of SDGs amid the crisis and acts as a powerful tool that aids decision-makers in identifying leverage points to avoid the long-term negative repercussions of the crisis on the economy, people, and environment.
Different manipulation mode analysis of a radial symmetrical hexapod robot with leg—arm integration
Authors: Zheng Yi , Xu Kun , Tian Yaobin , Ding Xilun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWith the widespread application of legged robot in various fields, the demand for a robot with high locomotion and manipulation ability is increasing. Adding an extra arm is a useful but general method for a legged robot to obtain manipulation ability. Hence, this paper proposes a novel hexapod robot with two integrated leg—arm limbs that obtain dexterous manipulation functions besides locomotion ability without adding an extra arm. The manipulation modes can be divided into coordinated manipulation condition and single-limb manipulation condition. The former condition mainly includes fixed coordinated clamping case and fixed coordinated shearing case. For the fixed coordinated clamping case, the degrees of freedom (DOFs) analysis of equivalent parallel mechanism by using screw theory and the constraint equation of two integrated limbs are established. For the fixed coordinated shearing case, the coordinated working space is determined, and an ideal coordinated manipulation ball is presented to guide the coordinated shearing task. In addition, the constraint analysis of two adjacent integrated limbs is performed. Then, mobile manipulation with one integrated leg—arm limb while using pentapod gait is discussed as the single-limb manipulation condition, including gait switching analysis between hexapod gait and pentapod gait, different pentapod gaits analysis, and a complex six-DOF manipulation while walking. Corresponding experiments are implemented, including clamping tasks with two integrated limbs, coordinated shearing task by using two integrated limbs, and mobile manipulation with pentapod gait. This robot provides a new approach to building a multifunctional locomotion platform.
Mathematical Modelling Highlights the Potential for Genetic Manipulation as an Adjuvant to Counter Efflux-Mediated MDR in Salmonella
Authors: Youlden George , McNeil Helen E. , Blair Jessica M. A. , Jabbari Sara , King John R. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBacteria have developed resistance to antibiotics by various mechanisms, notable amongst these is the use of permeation barriers and the expulsion of antibiotics via efflux pumps. The resistance-nodulation-division (RND) family of efflux pumps is found in Gram-negative bacteria and a major contributor to multidrug resistance (MDR). In particular, Salmonella encodes five RND efflux pump systems: AcrAB, AcrAD, AcrEF, MdsAB and MdtAB which have different substrate ranges including many antibiotics. We produce a spatial partial differential equation (PDE) model governing the diffusion and efflux of antibiotic in Salmonella, via these RND efflux pumps. Using parameter fitting techniques on experimental data, we are able to establish the behaviour of multiple wild-type and efflux mutant Salmonella strains, which enables us to produce efflux profiles for each individual efflux pump system. By combining the model with a gene regulatory network (GRN) model of efflux regulation, we simulate how the bacteria respond to their environment. Finally, performing a parameter sensitivity analysis, we look into various different targets to inhibit the efflux pumps. The model provides an in silico framework with which to test these potential adjuvants to counter MDR.
Performance in the Workplace: a Critical Evaluation of Cognitive Enhancement
Authors: Acarturk Cengiz , Mucen Baris 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe popular debates about the future organization of work through artificial intelligence technologies focus on the replacement of human beings by novel technologies. In this essay, we oppose this statement by closely following what has been developed as AI technologies and analyzing how they work, specifically focusing on research that may impact work organizations. We develop this argument by showing that the recent research and developments in AI technologies focus on developing accurate and precise performance models, which in turn shapes organizational patterns of work. We propose that the increased interest in the relationship between human cognition and performance will shortly bring human cognition to the focus on AI systems in workplaces. More specifically, we claim that the cognitive load measurement will shape human performance in manufacturing systems shortly.
UK clinical guideline for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis
Authors: Gregson Celia L. , Armstrong David J. , Bowden Jean , Cooper Cyrus , Edwards John , Gittoes Neil J. L. , Harvey Nicholas , Kanis John , Leyland Sarah , Low Rebecca , McCloskey Eugene , Moss Katie , Parker Jane , Paskins Zoe , Poole Kenneth , Reid David M. , Stone Mike , Thomson Julia , Vine Nic , Compston Juliet 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Summary
The National Osteoporosis Guideline Group (NOGG) has revised the UK guideline for the assessment and management of osteoporosis and the prevention of fragility fractures in postmenopausal women, and men age 50 years and older. Accredited by NICE, this guideline is relevant for all healthcare professionals involved in osteoporosis management.

Introduction

The UK National Osteoporosis Guideline Group (NOGG) first produced a guideline on the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in 2008, with updates in 2013 and 2017. This paper presents a major update of the guideline, the scope of which is to review the assessment and management of osteoporosis and the prevention of fragility fractures in postmenopausal women, and men age 50 years and older.

Methods
Where available, systematic reviews, meta-analyses and randomised controlled trials were used to provide the evidence base. Conclusions and recommendations were systematically graded according to the strength of the available evidence.

Results
Review of the evidence and recommendations are provided for the diagnosis of osteoporosis, fracture-risk assessment and intervention thresholds, management of vertebral fractures, non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatments, including duration and monitoring of anti-resorptive therapy, glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, and models of care for fracture prevention. Recommendations are made for training; service leads and commissioners of healthcare; and for review criteria for audit and quality improvement.

Conclusion
The guideline, which has received accreditation from the National Institute of Health and Care Excellence (NICE), provides a comprehensive overview of the assessment and management of osteoporosis for all healthcare professionals involved in its management. This position paper has been endorsed by the International Osteoporosis Foundation and by the European Society for the Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeletal Diseases.
High-Strength Near-Beta Titanium Alloy Fabricated by Direct Hot Pressing of the Machining Swarf
Authors: Guo Yingchao , Genelot Paul , Singh Ajit Pal , Bolzoni Leandro , Qu Yingdong , Kou Hongchao , Lin Junpin , Yang Fei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSignificant amount of Ti-5553 alloy (a near-beta titanium alloy) swarf is produced during the daily operation of manufacturing high strength titanium alloy components used in industry. However, the direct use of the produced swarf is seldom investigated and reported. In this paper, hot pressing was used to recycle Ti-5553 machining swarf to turn the waste into useful material. The hot-pressed Ti-5553 alloy has an ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 675 ± 12 MPa, strain to fracture of 0.98 ± 0.04%, and bending strength of 1181±28 MPa. After double-aging at 600 ºC for 4 h followed by 700 ºC for 0.5 h, both strength and ductility of hot-pressed Ti-5553 alloy have a significantly improved, with a yield strength (YS) of 1390 ± 20 MPa, UTS of 1425 ± 12 MPa, a strain to fracture of 2.47 ± 0.07%, and a bending strength 2565±35 MPa. These results demonstrate the hot pressing is a viable processing route to recycle Ti-5553 swarf to cost-effectively produce a qualified solid material for post-processing and engineering applications.
Methanol Production from Solid Recovered Fuel and Lignite: Techno-Economic and Environmental Assessment
Authors: Rolfe Angela , Huang Ye , Hewitt Neil 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe main purpose of this work is to examine the techno-economics and environmental assessment of the Solid Recovered Fuel and Lignite to methanol pathway. Methanol is produced by gasifying the solid fuels to carbon monoxide and hydrogen and then reacting to produce methanol under pressure during the methanol synthesis process. The data obtained from the partners is used to adapt this study for the liquid fuel synthesis application. The in-house personal computer-based process simulation package, ECLIPSE, is used to perform process modelling and the techno-economic assessment of methanol production. The @Risk 8.2© software is used to estimate the cost contingency of the project. The SimaPro© software package was used to carry out the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). The gasifier plant contributes significantly to the capital costs. The results show that increased Solid Recovered Fuel (SRF) in the feedstock mix has favourable economics due to the negative SRF charges resulting in a lower break-even selling price (BESP) than feedstock mixes with higher ratios of Lignite. Plant availability, capital investment and the time value of money are the factors that have the greatest impact on BESP. Increasing the SRF in the feedstock mix decreases the Global Warming impact of the methanol production compared to higher proportions of Lignite. However, the resultant impact is much greater than that of a natural gas reformer. Furthermore, the employment of off-gas recovery and carbon capture can further reduce both the Global Warming impact and the overall Single Score of the process, making it favourably comparable to the natural gas water gas shift configurations.
Graphical abstract
Comparison and evaluation of blade element methods against RANS simulations and test data
Authors: Bergmann Ole , Götten F. , Braun C. , Janser F. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper compares several blade element theory (BET) method-based propeller simulation tools, including an evaluation against static propeller ground tests and high-fidelity Reynolds-Average Navier Stokes (RANS) simulations. Two proprietary propeller geometries for paraglider applications are analysed in static and flight conditions. The RANS simulations are validated with the static test data and used as a reference for comparing the BET in flight conditions. The comparison includes the analysis of varying 2D aerodynamic airfoil parameters and different induced velocity calculation methods. The evaluation of the BET propeller simulation tools shows the strength of the BET tools compared to RANS simulations. The RANS simulations underpredict static experimental data within 10% relative error, while appropriate BET tools overpredict the RANS results by 15–20% relative error. A variation in 2D aerodynamic data depicts the need for highly accurate 2D data for accurate BET results. The nonlinear BET coupled with XFOIL for the 2D aerodynamic data matches best with RANS in static operation and flight conditions. The novel BET tool PropCODE combines both approaches and offers further correction models for highly accurate static and flight condition results.
Central composite rotatable design for optimization of trihalomethane extraction and detection through gas chromatography: a case study
Authors: Rasheed S. , Hashmi I. , Zhou Q. , Kim J. K. , Campos L. C. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCentral composite rotatable design (CCRD) was employed to optimize initial temperature (ºC), ramp function (ºC/min) and salt addition for trihalomethane extraction/quantification from the drinking water distribution network in Ratta Amral, Rawalpindi., Pakistan. Drinking water samples were collected from the treatment plant, overhead reservoir and consumer’s taps. The USEPA method for trihalomethane detection 551.1 via gas chromatography was applied using liquid–liquid extraction. The experiments with input variables for sample preparation and operational conditions were performed in a randomized order as per design of experiment by central composite rotatable design and responses were evaluated for model development. A significant (p = 0.005) two-factor interaction model was optimized. Initial temperature was observed to be insignificant (p = 0.64), while ramp function (p = 0.0043) and salt addition (p = 0.04) were significant. Product of salt addition and ramp was significant (p = 0.004), while product of initial temperature and salt addition was insignificant (p = 0.008). With a desirability function of 0.97, an initial temperature of 50 ºC, 6 ºC rise/min to 180 ºC and 0.5 g salt were optimized. It was found that development and optimization of the analytical methods for rapid trihalomethane detection would improve optimization of the current treatment practices in the country.
MaSter-Bio – Messinstrument für das akademische Selbstkonzept zum technologiebezogenen Professionswissen von angehenden Biologielehrpersonen
Authors: Mahler Daniela , Arnold Julia 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungDigitale Technologien können – sinnvoll eingesetzt – das Lernen befördern. Ob jedoch die Potenziale digitaler Technologien im Regelunterricht tatsächlich genutzt werden, hängt zu einem relevanten Maß von der Lehrperson und ihrer Bereitschaft zur Nutzung ab. Hierbei ist nicht zuletzt das akademische Selbstkonzept der Lehrpersonen in Bezug auf das technologiebezogene Professionswissen (technological pedagogical content knowledge – TPACK) von Bedeutung. Um dieses Konstrukt in seiner Tiefe zu verstehen oder den Erfolg von Förderangeboten abschätzen zu können, ist die valide und reliable Messung des akademischen Selbstkonzeptes zum technologiebezogenen Professionswissen wichtig. In diesem Beitrag wird der MaSter-Bio als ein Messinstrument für das akademische Selbstkonzept zum technologiebezogenen Professionswissen von angehenden Biologielehrpersonen vorgestellt. Bei seiner Entwicklung wurden die aktuelle Forschung zum akademischen Selbstkonzept und zum technologiebezogenen Professionswissen, die Nutzbarkeit im deutschsprachigen Raum sowie eine spezifische Ausschärfung für den Biologieunterricht berücksichtigt. Reliabilität und Validität wurden an einer Stichprobe von 403 angehenden Biologielehrpersonen überprüft. Mit dem Instrument können die sieben angenommenen Subskalen des Konstrukts reliabel erfasst werden und es liegen Hinweise für diskriminante und konvergente Validität vor.
Distributed ledger technologies in vehicular mobile edge computing: a survey
Authors: Jiang Ming , Qin Xingsheng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBlockchain-based systems, coined by distributed ledger technologies (DLTs), have rapidly received tremendous interest from academia, industries, and governments. Recent literature has revealed many research and developments on applying DLTs to the Internet of things (IoT), cloud-edge computing. In this survey, we conduct a comprehensive survey of the newly appeared concepts, theories, platforms, and DLTs-facilitated applications of vehicular networks and mobile edge computing (MEC). We also review the selections of the available DLTs related platforms and tools. Future research directions and issues are discussed, including security, privacy, scalability issues, and multiple applications in various domains.
Atlas of the Tethyan orthophragmines
Authors: Özcan Ercan , Yücel Ali Osman , Erkızan Levent Sina , Gültekin Münire Nur , Kayğılı Sibel , Yurtsever Sıla 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOrthophragmines are a group of discoidal, lenticular or stellate ‘orbitoidal’ larger benthic foraminifera that thrived in shallow-marine environments in low-to-middle latitudes during the late Paleocene and Eocene. They consist of two phylogenetically independent families with similar morphology, such as Discocyclinidae (with two Tethyan genera—DiscocyclinaandNemkovella) and Orbitoclypeidae (with three genera—Orbitoclypeus,AsterocyclinaandHexagonocyclinain the Tethys) distinguishable by the different microspheric juvenarium of the microspheric (B) forms. Sixty-one species of orthophragmines are herein described and illustrated based on material from various Tethyan localities in Europe, North Africa, Turkey, the Arabian Peninsula, the Indian Subcontinent and SE Asia. Thirty-two species ofDiscocyclina, six species ofNemkovella, thirteen species ofOrbitoclypeus,nine species ofAsterocyclinaand one species ofHexagonocyclinaare included. Some species include chrono-subspecies, established by applying the principles of embryonic and nepionic acceleration in the megalospheric (A) forms, primarily expressed by the increase in the size of the deuteroconch, morphological modifications forming various embryonic configurations through the phylogeny, and the increase in the number of adauxiliary chamberlets that arise from the embryonic apparatus. This study is mainly based on investigating oriented sections of many free specimens, and some random rock thin sections where obtaining free tests of orthophragmines was not possible. The Atlas is designed as a laboratory handbook for micropaleontology students and a guidebook to assist professionals with the easy identification of orthophragmines in thin sections.
Title: β3 Adrenergic Receptor Signaling in the Human Myometrium
Authors: Asif Hazik , Barnett Scott D. , Buxton Iain L. O. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Preterm labor leading to preterm birth is the leading cause of infant morbidity and mortality. Although β2 adrenergic agonists fail to provide adequate tocolysis, the expression of the β3 adrenergic receptor in myometrium and its unique signaling suggest a role for β3 agonist in the management of preterm labor. Western blot analysis showed that the β3 adrenergic receptor expression increased in human pregnancy myometrium compared to nonpregnant tissues (p < 0.0001). There was no difference in β3 adrenergic receptor expression throughout pregnancy (p > 0.05). The addition of the β3 agonist mirabegron in the tissue bath relaxed oxytocin contracted myometrium with an EC50 of 41.5 µM. Relaxation was partially blocked by the addition of the eNOS blocker Nω-nitro-L-arginine, or the large conductance potassium channel blocker paxilline. Combination of Nω-nitro-L-arginine and paxilline prevented mirabegron-mediated relaxation. Imaging revealed that the β3 adrenergic receptors are expressed by both myocyte and microvascular endothelial cells isolated from human myometrium. Nitric oxide production measured by 4-amino-5-methylamino-2',7'-difluorofluorescein diacetate revealed that mirabegron stimulated nitric oxide production in myometrial endothelial cells. These data suggest that both endothelial and smooth muscle cells contribute to relaxation through disparate signaling pathways. Repurposing of approved medications tested in human myometrium as uterine tocolytics can advance prevention of preterm birth. These data argue that further examination of β3 adrenergic receptor signaling in myometrium may reveal mirabegron as a useful tocolytic in combination tocolysis regimens.