bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Naked mole-rats maintain cardiac function and body composition well into their fourth decade of life
Authors: Can Emine , Smith Megan , Boukens Bastiaan J. , Coronel Ruben , Buffenstein Rochelle , Riegler Johannes 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe prevalence of cardiovascular disease increases exponentially with age, highlighting the contribution of aging mechanisms to cardiac diseases. Although model organisms which share human disease pathologies can elucidate mechanisms driving disease, they do not provide us with innate examples how cardiac aging might be slowed or attenuated. The identification of animal models that preserve cardiac function throughout most of life offers an alternative approach to study mechanisms which might slow cardiac aging. One such species may be the naked mole-rat (NMR), a mouse-sized (40 g) rodent with extraordinary longevity (> 37 years), and constant mortality hazard over its four decades of life. We used a cross-sectional study design to measure a range of physiological parameters in NMRs between 2 and 34 years of age and compared these findings with those of mice aged between 3 months and 2.5 years. We observed a rapid decline in body fat content and bone mineral density in old mice, but no changes in NMRs. Similarly, rhythm disorders (premature atrial and ventricular complexes) occurred in aged mice but not in NMRs. Magnetic resonance and ultrasound imaging showed age-dependent increases in cardiac hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction in mice which were absent in NMRs. Finally, cardiac stress tests showed an age-dependent decline in normalized cardiac output in mice, which was absent in NMRs. Unlike mice, that manifest several aspects of human cardiac aging, NMRs maintain cardiac function and reserve capacity throughout their long lives and may offer insights on how to delay or prevent cardiac aging.
The Effects of Temperature and Solute Diffusion on Volume Change in Sn-Bi Solder Alloys
Authors: Hao Qichao , Tan Xin F. , Gu Qinfen , Sweatman Keith , McDonald Stuart D. , Nogita Kazuhiro 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe different rates of thermal expansion of the many materials that make up an electronic assembly combined with temperature fluctuations are the driver of the thermal fatigue failure of solder joints. A characteristic of the Sn-Bi system, which provided the basis for many of the low process temperature solder alloys that the electronics industry is now adopting, is the very temperature-sensitive solubility of Bi and Sn in the other phase. In this study, in situ synchrotron powder x-ray diffraction was used to characterize the temperature dependence of the lattice parameters of the βSn and Bi phases in Sn-57wt%Bi and Sn-37wt%Bi. The effects of temperature and solute were separated by comparing with the data from pure βSn and pure Bi and verified using density functional theory calculations. Furthermore, the coefficients of thermal expansion of βSn and Bi during heating were also derived to reveal the thermal expansion behavior.
The role of visa class in the location choices of immigrants in Australia at the regional and neighbourhood scales
Authors: Laukova Dagmara , Bernard Aude , Nguyen Toan , Sigler Thomas 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAustralia’s pro-immigration policies have played a vital role in national population growth, serving to address what would otherwise be chronic labour shortages and population ageing. While migrants to Australian have shown a clear preference for cities and tend to locate with co-ethnics, variations by visa class—employment, family reunification, and asylum—have yet to be fully explored. This paper aims to identify variations in settlement patterns of immigrants in Australia by visa types and the factors underpinning these choices, paying particular attention to ethnic networks and employment opportunities. We apply a series of negative binomial regressions to aggregate census data linked to visa status. At the suburb level, our results show the importance of the presence of compatriots in shaping the location choices of family migrants, with the exception of skilled and humanitarian immigrants from China, Malaysia and Thailand. At the regional level, skilled migrants, including skilled regional migrants, respond to employment opportunities to a greater extent than family and humanitarian migrants.
The Laplace-transform embedded discrete fracture model for flow simulation of stimulated reservoir volume
Authors: Xu Jianchun , Qin Huating , Li Hangyu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHydraulic fracturing is a commonly adopted approach to enhance the production of unconventional reservoirs; however, the resulted complex fracture network increases the difficulty in the prediction of the flow behaviors. In this work, for the first time, we propose the Laplace-transform embedded discrete fracture model focusing on the simulation of fluid transport in simulated reservoir volume (SRV). The main hydraulic fracture is represented explicitly by the fracture segments referring to the recently developed simulation scheme, namely the embedded discrete fracture model. The equivalent model and multiple continua model are employed to characterize the fluid flow in SRV. The Laplace-transform finite-different method is used to numerically model the flow among unstimulated reservoir volume, SRV, and main hydraulic fracture with sufficient flexibility to characterize the arbitrary fracture/SRV geometries. As the solution is performed in Laplace domain, the backward Euler difference for time discretization is not necessary. Thus, the stability and convergence problems caused by time discretization are avoided. A series of numerical test cases are discussed to examine the performance of the proposed model. The simulation workflow is validated through the comparison with discrete fracture model and embedded discrete fracture model in real space. It is demonstrated that the proposed Laplace-transform embedded discrete fracture model is accurate for single flow with complex SRV distribution. On the basis of the Laplace-transform embedded discrete fracture model, we provided three applications of the new method: (1) analysis of the SRV effect on fluid flow behavior, (2) pressure transient analysis considering reservoir heterogeneity, (3) production performance analysis with time-varying production rate.
Social Distancing, Gathering, Search Games: Mobile Agents on Simple Networks
Authors: Alpern Steve , Zeng Li 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDuring epidemics, the population is asked to socially distance, with pairs of individuals keeping two meters apart. We model this as a new optimization problem by considering a team of agents placed on the nodes of a network. Their common aim is to achieve pairwise graph distances of at least D, a state we call socially distanced. (If $$D=1,$$

D
=
1
,

they want to be at distinct nodes; if $$D=2$$

D
=
2

they want to be non-adjacent.) We allow only a simple type of motion called a lazy random walk: with probability p (called the laziness parameter), they remain at their current node next period; with complementary probability $$1-p$$

1
-
p

, they move to a random adjacent node. The team seeks the common value of p which achieves social distance in the least expected time, which is the absorption time of a Markov chain. We observe that the same Markov chain, with different goals (absorbing states), models the gathering, or multi-rendezvous problem (all agents at the same node). Allowing distinct laziness for two types of agents (searchers and hider) extends the existing literature on predator–prey search games to multiple searchers. We consider only special networks: line, cycle and grid.
Rigid Gorenstein toric Fano varieties arising from directed graphs
Authors: Kara Selvi , Portakal Irem , Tsuchiya Akiyoshi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA directed edge polytope $${\mathcal {A}}_G$$

A
G

is a lattice polytope arising from root system $$A_n$$

A
n

and a finite directed graph G. If every directed edge of G belongs to a directed cycle in G, then $${\mathcal {A}}_G$$

A
G

is terminal and reflexive, that is, one can associate this polytope to a Gorenstein toric Fano variety $$X_G$$

X
G

with terminal singularities. It is shown by Totaro that a toric Fano variety which is smooth in codimension 2 and $${\mathbb {Q}}$$
Q
-factorial in codimension 3 is rigid. In the present paper, we classify all directed graphs G such that $$X_G$$

X
G

is a toric Fano variety which is smooth in codimension 2 and $${\mathbb {Q}}$$
Q
-factorial in codimension 3.
Wie Partizipation in das Gegenteil umschlagen kann – Inklusive Frühe Bildung und die machtvollen Dynamiken der Pathologisierung
Authors: Seitz Simone , Hamacher Catalina 
Published: February 2022

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag greift empirische Befunde einer abgeschlossenen Studie auf, in der ein Modellprojekt zur Stärkung von Partizipation über die Zusammenarbeit von Kindertageseinrichtung und Frühförderung untersucht wurde. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass es entgegen des anvisierten Ziels – einer stärker an Partizipation ausgerichteten, gemeinsam verantworteten inklusiven Handlungspraxis – über die initiierte Kooperation zu einer Verengung des Fokus’ auf diffuse Risikofaktoren kam und im Ergebnis Pathologisierungspraktiken im Feld der Tagesbetreuung forciert wurden, die Partizipation effektiv verhinderten, dies jedoch in paradoxer Weise mit der Herstellung von Teilhabe legitimiert wurde.
A Literature Review of (Sparse) Exponential Family PCA
Authors: Smallman Luke , Artemiou Andreas 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis is a brief overview of the methodology around exponential family PCA. We revisit classic PCA methodology, and we focus on exponential family PCA due to its applicability on a number of distributions and hence a wide variety of problems. We discuss the applicability of these methods to text data analysis due to the high-dimensional and sparse nature of these data.
A comparative study of Deep Learning architectures for Classification of Natural and Human-made Sea Events in SAR images
Authors: Ramirez William , Achanccaray Pedro , Pacheco Marco Aurelio 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSea monitoring is essential for a better understanding of its dynamics and to measure the impact of human activities. In this context, remote sensing plays an important role by providing satellite imagery every day, even in critical climate conditions, for the detection of sea events with a potential risk to the environment. The present work proposes a comparative study of Deep Learning architectures for classification of natural and man-made sea events using SAR imagery. The evaluated architectures comprises models based on convolutional networks, inception blocks, and attention modules. Two datasets are employed for this purpose: the first one encompasses a series of natural events (geophysical phenomena), while the second describes a real oil spill scenario in the Gulf of Mexico from 2018 to 2021. As a result, through experimental analysis, it is demonstrated how the Xception and Deep Attention sampling architectures obtained the highest performance metrics, presenting Recall values of 94.2% and 87.4% for the classification of natural and human-made events, respectively.
Scopoletin contents and antioxidant properties of some edible plants of Black Sea regions
Authors: Çakır Damlanur Kübra , Zannou Oscar , Koca Ilkay 
Published: February 2022

AbstractScopoletin is a phytochemical of coumarins distributed in some plants. The aim of this study was the evaluation of scopoletin content and antioxidant activity of nettle, mallow, purslane, knot-grass, dill and coriander encountered in Black Sea regions. Analyses were conducted on the leaves and stems of these plants, except knot-grass. The lowest scopoletin content was found in nettle leaves (11.48 mg/kg) and the highest amount was found in knot-grass (6708.37 mg/kg). Scopoletin was not detected in stems of mallow, purslane and dill plants. The lowest total phenolic content was found in mallow stem (0.86 mg GAE/g) and the highest value was in knot-grass (67.74 mg GAE/g). The lowest ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) was ascertained in purslane stem (1571.58 µmol Fe2+/g) and the highest value in coriander leaves (64905.90 µmol Fe2+/g). The mallow stem displayed the lowest DPPH radical scavenging activity of 48.63 µmol TE/g, while knot-grass provided the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity of 5261.56 µmol TE/g. These results revealed that knot-grass was the richest source of scopoletin and antioxidants. The studied plants exhibited a high interest in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries.
No Longer Conforming to Stereotypes? Gender, Political Style and Parliamentary Debate in the UK
Authors: Hargrave Lotte , Blumenau Jack 
Published: February 2022

AbstractResearch on political style suggests that where women make arguments that are more emotional, empathetic and positive, men use language that is more analytical, aggressive and complex. However, existing work does not consider how gendered patterns of style vary over time. Focusing on the UK, we argue that pressures for female politicians to conform to stereotypically ‘feminine’ styles have diminished in recent years. To test this argument, we describe novel quantitative text-analysis approaches for measuring a diverse set of styles at scale in political speech data. Analysing UK parliamentary debates between 1997 and 2019, we show that the debating styles of female MPs have changed substantially over time, as women in Parliament have increasingly adopted stylistic traits that are typically associated with ‘masculine’ stereotypes of communication. Our findings imply that prominent gender-based stereotypes of politicians' behaviour are significantly worse descriptors of empirical reality now than they were in the past.
Clinical analysis of relapsing polychondritis with airway involvement
Authors: Zhai S-Y , Guo R-Y , Zhang C , Zhang C-M , Yin H-Y , Wang B-Q , Wen S-X 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo identify the clinical characteristics, treatment, and prognosis of relapsing polychondritis patients with airway involvement.MethodsTwenty-eight patients with relapsing polychondritis, hospitalised in the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University between April 2011 and April 2021, were retrospectively analysed.ResultsFifty per cent of relapsing polychondritis patients with airway involvement had a lower risk of ear and ocular involvement. Relapsing polychondritis patients with airway involvement had a longer time-to-diagnosis (p< 0.001), a poorer outcome following glucocorticoid combined with immunosuppressant treatment (p= 0.004), and a higher recurrence rate than those without airway involvement (p= 0.004). The rates of positive findings on chest computed tomography and bronchoscopy in relapsing polychondritis patients with airway involvement were 88.9 per cent and 85.7 per cent, respectively. Laryngoscopy analysis showed that 66.7 per cent of relapsing polychondritis patients had varying degrees of mucosal lesions.ConclusionFor relapsing polychondritis patients with airway involvement, drug treatment should be combined with local airway management.
People search via deep compressed sensing techniques
Authors: Lu Bing-Xian , Tsai Yu-Chung , Tseng Kuo-Shih 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPeople search can be reformulated as submodular maximization problems to achieve solutions with theoretical guarantees. However, the number of submodular function outcome is$2^N$fromNsets. Compressing functions via nonlinear Fourier transform and spraying out sets are two ways to overcome this issue. This research proposed the submodular deep compressed sensing of convolutional sparse coding (SDCS-CSC) and applied the Topological Fourier Sparse Set (TFSS) algorithms to solve people search problems. The TFSS is based on topological and compressed sensing techniques, while the CSC is based on DCS techniques. Both algorithms enable an unmanned aerial vehicle to search for the people in environments. Experiments demonstrate that the algorithms can search for the people more efficiently than the benchmark approaches. This research also suggests how to select CSC or TFSS algorithms for different search problems.
On the second-order excess wealth order and its properties
Authors: Zardasht V. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn the literature, some stochastic orders have been extended to the higher orders in different scenarios. In this paper, inspired by interesting properties of the excess wealth order and its wide range application particularly in comparing the tail variability of risks, we consider the second-order excess wealth order and study its main properties. We obtain two results characterizing the proposed order. We also investigate its relationship with other well-known variability orders and criteria to compare risks. An application of the results in comparing the epoch times of two nonhomogeneous poisson processes is also given.
Comparison of clinical and imaging features between pulmonary tuberculosis complicated with lung cancer and simple pulmonary tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sun Weiguo , Zhang Lingxia , Liang Jianqin , Li Xianan , Yang Yimei , Sun Wenna , Hou Jianghou 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This review aimed to compare the clinical features and CT imaging features between patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and lung cancer and patients with PTB alone. That would help to analyse the differences between the two and consequently providing a theoretical basis for the clinical diagnosis and treatment for the patients. Relevant case-control studies focusing on the clinical and CT imaging characteristics between PTB with lung cancer and PTB alone were systematically searched from five electronic databases. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for comparison. As of 2021-07-06, a total of 1735 articles were retrieved. But only 15 articles were finally included for meta-analysis. The results showed a higher proportion of irritable cough, haemorrhagic pleural effusion and lower proportion of night sweating in PTB patients with lung cancer than in PTB patients, and the differences were statistically significant (irritable cough: OR 2.43, 95% CI 1.43–4.11; haemorrhagic pleural effusion: OR 5.73, 95% CI 1.63–20.12; night sweating: OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.36–0.87). In addition, there are many differences in the imaging characteristics of the two types of patients. In conclusion, this review summarises the similarities and differences in clinical symptoms and imaging features between patients with PTB and lung cancer and patients with PTB alone, suggesting that we should be alert to the occurrence of lung cancer in patients with obsolete PTB relapse.
The Cosmic Significance of Directed Panspermia: Should Humanity Spread Life to Other Solar Systems?
Authors: Sivula Oskari 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe possibility of seeding other planets with life poses a tricky dilemma. On the one hand, directed panspermia might be extremely good, while, on the other, it might be extremely bad depending on what factors are taken into consideration. Therefore, we need to understand better what is ethically at stake with planetary seeding. I map out possible conditions under which humanity should spread life to other solar systems. I identify two key variables that affect the desirability of propagating life throughout the galaxy. The first is axiological and depends on which value theory in environmental ethics is correct. The second is empirical and depends on whether life is common or not in our region of the universe. I also consider two ethical objections to an interplanetary life-seeding mission: the risk of interfering with indigenous life and the risk of increasing suffering in our galaxy.
Acute myocarditis following COVID-19 mRNA vaccination: a paediatric case
Authors: Giray Dilek , Epçaçan Serdar 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMyocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle. In this case, a previously healthy, 17-year-old adolescent with myocarditis after BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination was reported. He was admitted to the hospital with severe chest pain, changes in electrocardiography, and elevation in serum troponin level after fourth day of receiving first dose of vaccine. There was no coronary arterial disease in coronary angiogram. A diagnosis of vaccine-induced myocarditis was made, and supportive treatment was initiated.
Are four maladaptive schema domains a better option than five? Recommendations based on comparison of the latent structure of schemas on a large group of healthy adults
Authors: Mącik Dorota , Mącik Radosław 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackground:Numerous publications and analyses conducted in various cultures lead to the conclusion that the latent structure of schemas is not unambiguous. The latest proposal by Bach et al. (2017a) includes 18 schemas and four domains; however, a five domain structure is also acceptable.Aim:The aim of the research was to directly compare both proposals based on the research of a large group of healthy people.Method:The schema questionnaire YSQ-S3 was completed by 2348 people aged 18–81 years, of whom women constituted slightly over 54%.Results:CFA analyses have demonstrated a poor fit to the data of all analysed models, with the model of four correlated domains, which is also characterised by higher loadings (standardised regression loadings), being the closest to fulfil the criteria. Exploratory factor analyses have shown an almost exact reflection of the structure with the assumed four factors; the structure of five factors has not been recreated. The released number of factors indicated a two-factor solution. The additional analysis confirmed positive medium correlations with negative affect and psychopathology symptoms. Negative correlations of self-esteem, positivity scale and positive affect indicate good divergent validity.Conclusion:The analysis confirms the existence of 18 schemas and supports the new four-domain model of the latent structure of schemas as more appropriate than a model consisting of five domains.