bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do Children Use Multi‐Word Information in Real‐Time Sentence Comprehension?
Authors: Abu‐Zhaya Rana , Arnon Inbal , Borovsky Arielle 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMeaning in language emerges from multiple words, and children are sensitive to multi‐word frequency from infancy. While children successfully use cues from single words to generate linguistic predictions, it is less clear whether and how they use multi‐word sequences to guide real‐time language processing and whether they form predictions on the basis of multi‐word information or pairwise associations. We address these questions in two visual‐world eye‐tracking experiments with 5‐ to 8‐year‐old children. In Experiment 1, we asked whether children generate more robust predictions for the sentence‐final object of highly frequent sequences (e.g., “Throw the ball”), compared to less frequent sequences (e.g., “Throw the book”). We further examined if gaze patterns reflect event knowledge or phrasal frequency by comparing the processing of phrases that have the same event structure but differ in multi‐word content (e.g., “Brush your teeth” vs. “Brush her teeth”). In the second study, we employed a training paradigm to ask if children are capable of generating predictio.ns from novel multi‐word associations while controlling for the overall frequency of the sequences. While the results of Experiment 1 suggested that children primarily relied on event associations to generate real‐time predictions, those of Experiment 2 showed that the same children were able to use recurring novel multi‐word sequences to generate real‐time linguistic predictions. Together, these findings suggest that children can draw on multi‐word information to generate linguistic predictions, in a context‐dependent fashion, and highlight the need to account for the influence of multi‐word sequences in models of language processing.
Multistep pathogenesis of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia in patients
Authors: Geissler Klaus , Jäger Eva , Barna Agnes , Gurbisz Michael , Marschon Renate , Graf Temeida , Nösslinger Thomas , Pfeilstöcker Michael , Machherndl‐Spandl Sigrid , Stauder Reinhard , Zebisch Armin , Sill Heinz , Öhler Leopold , Kusec Rajko , Hoermann Gregor , Valent Peter 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundA multistep pathogenesis of myeloid leukemia including mutations in epigenetic, spliceosome, and signaling genes has been recently demonstrated in a preclinical model but is poorly validated in patients.MethodsClinical, phenotypic, and biologic features were compared between three distinct molecularly defined CMML cohorts including TET2 monomutated patients (T, n = 10), TET2/SRSF2 bimutated patients (TS, n = 19), and patients who had NRAS mutations in addition to TET2/SRSF2 comutations (TSN, n = 14).ResultsMedian survival was 90, 45, and 9 months, respectively (p = .001). Whereas no patient in the T and TS group transformed into acute myeloid leukemia (AML), 6/14 patients in the TSN group had AML at study entry or transformed during follow‐up. Leukocyte counts, blast cell counts, and LDH levels were significantly higher in TSN vs. TS and T, respectively, whereas hemoglobin and platelet values were not significantly different. Increased growth factor‐independent myeloid colony formation was restricted to TSN but not found in T and TS, respectively. The proportion of patients showing in vitro myelomonocytic skewing in T, TS, and TSN was 0%, 56%, and 100%, respectively (p = .010).ConclusionOur results demonstrate that the model of multistep pathogenesis in CMML can be recapitulated in patients regarding clinical, phenotypic, and biologic features.
Healthcare resource utilization trends in patients with acute myeloid leukemia ineligible for intensive chemotherapy receiving first‐line systemic treatment or best supportive care: A multicenter international study
Authors: Ito Tomoki , Sanford David , Tomuleasa Ciprian , Hsiao Hui‐Hua , Olivera Leonardo José Enciso , Enjeti Anoop Kumar , Conca Alberto Gimenez , del Castillo Teresa Bernal , Girshova Larisa , Martelli Maria Paola , Guvenc Birol , Bui Cat N. , Delgado Alex , Duan Yinghui , Guijarro Belen Garbayo , Llamas Cynthia , Lee Je‐Hwan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesThis retrospective chart review examined real‐world healthcare resource utilization (HRU) in patients with AML ineligible for intensive therapy who received first‐line systemic therapy or best supportive care (BSC).MethodsData were collected anonymously on patients with AML who initiated first‐line hypomethylating agents (HMA), low‐dose cytarabine (LDAC), other systemic therapy, or BSC. HRU endpoints included hospitalizations, outpatient consultations, transfusions, and supportive care.ResultsOf 1762 patients included, 46% received HMA, 11% received LDAC, 17% received other systemic therapy, 26% received BSC; median treatment durations were 118, 35, 33, and 57 days, respectively. Most patients were hospitalized, most commonly for treatment administration, transfusion, or infection (HMA 82%, LDAC 93%, other systemic therapy 83%, BSC 83%). A median number of hospitalizations were 2–6 across systemic groups and two for BSC, with median durations of 8–18 days. Transfusion rates and outpatient consultations were highest for HMA (80% and 79%) versus LDAC (57% and 53%), other systemic therapy (57% and 63%), and BSC (71% and 66%). Antivirals/antibiotics and antifungals were used more frequently than growth factors (72–92%, 34–63%, and 7–27%, respectively).ConclusionPatients with AML ineligible for intensive therapy have high HRU; novel therapies are needed to alleviate this burden.
Climate change induces carbon loss of arable mineral soils in boreal conditions
Authors: Heikkinen Jaakko , Keskinen Riikka , Kostensalo Joel , Nuutinen Visa 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOne‐fourth of the global soil organic carbon (SOC) is stored in the boreal region, where climate change is predicted to be faster than the global average. Planetary warming is accelerated if climate change promotes SOC release into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide. However, the soil carbon‐climate feedbacks have been poorly confirmed by SOC measurements despite their importance on global climate. In this study, we used data collected as part of the Finnish arable soil monitoring program to study the influence of climate change, management practices, and historical land use on changes in SOC content using a Bayesian approach. Topsoil samples (n = 385) collected nationwide in 2009 and 2018 showed that SOC content has decreased at the rate of 0.35% year−1 on average. Based on the Bayesian modeling of our data, we can say with a certainty of 79%–91% that increase in summertime (May–Sep) temperature has resulted in SOC loss while increased precipitation has resulted in SOC loss with a certainty of 90%–97%. The exact percentages depend on the climate dataset used. Historical land use was found to influence the SOC content for decades after conversion to cropland. Former organic soils with a high SOC‐to‐fine‐fraction ratio were prone to high SOC loss. In fields with long cultivation history (>100 years), however, the SOC‐to‐fine‐fraction ratio had stabilized to approximately 0.03–0.04 and the changes in SOC content leveled off. Our results showed that, although arable SOC sequestration can be promoted by diversifying crop rotations and by cultivating perennial grasses, it is unlikely that improved management practices are sufficient to counterbalance the climate change‐induced SOC losses in boreal conditions. This underlines the importance of the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions to avoid the acceleration of planetary warming.
Role of hydrodynamics in shaping chemical habitats and modulating the responses of coastal benthic systems to ocean global change
Authors: Noisette Fanny , Pansch Christian , Wall Marlene , Wahl Martin , Hurd Catriona L. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMarine coastal zones are highly productive, and dominated by engineer species (e.g. macrophytes, molluscs, corals) that modify the chemistry of their surrounding seawater via their metabolism, causing substantial fluctuations in oxygen, dissolved inorganic carbon, pH, and nutrients. The magnitude of these biologically driven chemical fluctuations is regulated by hydrodynamics, can exceed values predicted for the future open ocean, and creates chemical patchiness in subtidal areas at various spatial (µm to meters) and temporal (minutes to months) scales. Although the role of hydrodynamics is well explored for planktonic communities, its influence as a crucial driver of benthic organism and community functioning is poorly addressed, particularly in the context of ocean global change. Hydrodynamics can directly modulate organismal physiological activity or indirectly influence an organism's performance by modifying its habitat. This review addresses recent developments in (i) the influence of hydrodynamics on the biological activity of engineer species, (ii) the description of chemical habitats resulting from the interaction between hydrodynamics and biological activity, (iii) the role of these chemical habitat as refugia against ocean acidification and deoxygenation, and (iv) how species living in such chemical habitats may respond to ocean global change. Recommendations are provided to integrate the effect of hydrodynamics and environmental fluctuations in future research, to better predict the responses of coastal benthic ecosystems to ongoing ocean global change.
Identification of early abandonment in cropland through radar‐based coherence data and application of a Random‐Forest model
Authors: Meijninger Wouter , Elbersen Berien , van Eupen Michiel , Mantel Stephan , Ciria Pilar , Parenti Andrea , Sanz Gallego Marina , Perez Ortiz Paloma , Acciai Marco , Monti Andrea 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn the context of increased pressures on land for food and non‐food production, it is relevant to understand better, which land resources have become unused and abandoned and where these lands are. Data on where these lands are and what their extend is are not collected in regular statistics. In this paper, we present an approach to detect signs of abandonment in cropping land using radar coherence data. The methodology was tested in the Spanish regions of Albacete and Soria where agricultural land abandonment is a common process. The results show that land abandonment detection using radar coherence data works well for the region of Albacete in arable lands. The radar‐based analysis is a relatively simple method to detect land abandonment in an early to longer term state and can therefore be applied once developed and tested further in other regions to larger areas of the EU where land abandonment is serious and needs monitoring and policy response. The applicability of the method to Soria and Emilia Romagna (Italy) regions shows that there are still challenges to overcome to make the method more widely applicable for detecting land abandonment in other environmental zones of Europe. Lack of reliable training and validation data, like Land Parcel Identification Systems data, in regions is one of the challenges in this respect.
Policy‐driven education‐led gentrification and its spatiotemporal dynamics: Evidence from Shanghai, China
Authors: Cai Rong , Hu Lirong , He Shenjing 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAs a highly sought‐after resource by parents, quality schools exert a strong influence on the housing market and other aspects of social life worldwide. Given the long‐lasting prominence of education in urban society, scholars extensively explored the interplay between education and housing dynamics and their sociospatial implications, among which the scholarship on education‐led gentrification offers a prominent and productive conceptual lens. While the literature on education‐led gentrification in developed economies is proliferating, little is known about the dynamic linkages between school choice and residential segregation in developing contexts, including China. Drawing on a longitudinal housing transaction (2011–2020) dataset covering 762 residential neighbourhoods in Shanghai, the largest and most developed city in China, this research quantitatively examines the process of gentrification driven by the accessibility to educational resources and its spatiotemporal dynamics. Based on analyses employing hedonic price models and a geographically and temporally weighted regression model, this study reveals the uneven evolution of education‐led gentrification across space and time. Specifically, this study argues that the spatial variations in education‐led gentrification in Shanghai and its temporal changes are largely policy driven. This finding foregrounds schools as an important driver of gentrification rather than merely a “downstream effect” of the existing gentrification process, especially in recently gentrifying suburbs. Therefore, this study adds novel conceptual and empirical insights to the scholarship of education‐led gentrification in non‐Western contexts in particular and the literature on the geographies of education in general.
Conflict and salience as drivers of corporate lobbying? An elite survey experiment
Authors: Aizenberg Ellis 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper argues that a high degree of conflict and a low degree of salience on a policy issue drives corporations to lobby alone rather than via a business association. Previous research has addressed drivers at organizational, sector and structural level. This paper adds an issue perspective. These arguments are important as democracies thrive when business employs its power in a responsible manner. When corporations lobby alone, it can be a challenge to do so as they tend to overlook long‐term interests of the broader business community and society. The arguments are tested for the first time in a corporatist context through an original survey experiment among corporate lobbyists in Germany and the Netherlands. The study finds support for the expectation on conflict, which is striking as it indicates that corporations prefer to lobby alone due to conflict even in contexts in which they are not incentivized to do so.
Cancer treatment decisions for people living with dementia: Experiences of family carers, a qualitative interview study
Authors: Hynes Catherine , Hodges Victoria J. , Wyld Lynda , Mitchell Caroline 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundAs the UK population ages, the prevalence of both dementia and cancer will increase. Family carers of people with dementia who are subsequently diagnosed with cancer are often involved in treatment decisions about cancer. These decisions are uniquely challenging.ObjectivesTo explore the experience of carers involved in cancer treatment decisions for people with dementia.DesignA cross‐sectional qualitative interview study with inductive thematic analysis.Setting and ParticipantsSixteen carers of people with dementia were identified via Primary Care Research Networks and the Join Dementia Research database.ResultsThree main themes were derived: ‘already at breaking point’, which describes the extreme strain that carers were already under when the cancer diagnosis was made; ‘maintaining the status quo’, which describes how despite the gravity of a cancer diagnosis, avoiding further dementia‐related deterioration was of prime importance; and ‘LPA’, which explores the benefits and frustrations of the use of lasting powers of attorney.DiscussionCurrent services are ill‐equipped to deal with people who have a combination of dementia and cancer. Proxy decisions about cancer care are made in the context of carer stress and exhaustion, which is exacerbated by shortcomings in service provision.ConclusionsAs the prevalence of comorbid cancer and dementia rises, there is an urgent need to improve services that support carers with proxy health care decision‐making.Patient or Public ContributionThe study design was codeveloped with a local dementia‐specific patient and public involvement (PPI) group. A project‐specific PPI group was formed with support from the Alzheimer's Society Research Partnership scheme to provide further bespoke input.
Interpretation of clot‐based lupus anticoagulant assays—Normalizing clotting time against different denominators
Authors: Ling Li‐Qin , Liu Chao‐Nan , Huang Xun‐Bei , Liao Juan , Jia Jin , Zhou Jing 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe endpoint for all lupus anticoagulant (LA) assays is a clotting time in seconds. This study aimed to clarify the use of normalizing clotting time to ratio and how the use of different denominators is relevant.MethodsWhether normalization could reduce reagent variability and possess better diagnostic performances was assessed; denominators included reference interval (RI) mean, local‐obtained pooled plasma clotting time, standard plasma clotting time, and control plasma clotting time (CNPPct). Moreover, whether day‐to‐day variation in CNPPct would impact its application was studied.ResultsIf not normalized, significant difference existed among different reagent batches; if normalized (against any denominators), no statistically significant difference existed anymore. The validation of in‐house RIs achieved a 100% success rate. Normalization against different denominators had different RIs, but the same diagnostic efficacies (when a prolonged LA1 is used to suggest further LA‐related testings, normalized LA1 demonstrated a better sensitivity: 1.0 vs. 0.95). Normalization against a “daily” CNPPct (obtained alongside test plasmas day to day) demonstrated low inter‐day variations (LA1: ~1%, LA2: ~1%), and it could employ the RI for normalization against a “fixed” CNPPct (obtained alongside normal plasmas when the RI was established).ConclusionsNormalizing clotting time reduces reagent‐batch variability and promotes the adoption of common RIs, and therefore reduces the necessity of establishing RI for new reagent batches. Normalized LA1 is more sensitive when used to suggest further LA‐related testings, and therefore reduces the rate of missed LA diagnosis. All denominators are of the same application value. Day‐to‐day variation in CNPPct did not impact its application as a reliable denominator.
Combination therapy with tamsulosin and traditional herbal medicine for lower urinary tract symptoms due to benign prostatic hyperplasia: A double‐blinded, randomized, pilot clinical trial
Authors: Lee Chung Lyul , Shin Hyeun‐Kyoo , Lee Ji Yong , Kwon Ojin , Seo Chang‐Seob , Kim Ae‐Ran , Seo Bok‐Nam , Yang Seung Woo , Song Ki Hak , Lim Jae Sung , Park Jong Mok , Na Yong Gil , Shin Ju Hyun 
Published: March 2022

ObjectivesTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of tamsulosin and Hachimijiogan or Ryutanshakanto in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms due to benign prostatic hyperplasia.MethodsA prospective, randomized, double‐blind method was used to determine the efficacy and safety of the combination or placebo at baseline and 4, 8, and 12 weeks of study. The International Prostate Symptom Score, quality of life index, complete voiding diary, and National Institutes of Health‐Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index were studied. Uroflowmetery and postvoid residual urine volume were measured and compared. Laboratory tests including prostate‐specific antigen were performed.ResultsIn all groups, International Prostate Symptom Score and quality of life showed improvement, but no significant differences were shown among the groups. Prostate volume increased after treatment, and uroflowmetric parameters showed improvements after treatment without significance among the three groups. The total score of the National Institutes of Health‐Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index showed a significant improvement in all groups, without significant differences among the groups. Only the pain sub‐score of the National Institutes of Health‐Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index showed a significant decrease in the tamsulosin with Ryutanshakanto group compared to the control group. A total of 11 adverse reactions occurred, but they were mild and not related to the study drugs.ConclusionRyutanshakanto can provide pain relief in patients with chronic prostatitis and chronic pelvic pain syndrome. If more research is conducted, Hachimijiogan and Ryutanshakanto may be applied as add‐on treatments in patients with storage symptoms with alpha‐blocker monotherapy.
Interferon‐α promotes MHC I antigen presentation of islet β cells through STAT1‐IRF7 pathway in type 1 diabetes
Authors: Jiang Hemin , Li Yue , Shen Min , Liang Yucheng , Qian Yu , Dai Hao , Xu Kuanfeng , Xu Xinyu , Lv Hui , Zhang Jie , Yang Tao , Fu Qi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractType 1 diabetes (T1D) is a T cell‐mediated autoimmune disease. Increased incidence of T1D was reported in patients receiving IFN‐α treatment. However, the exact mechanisms of IFN‐α that facilitate the pathogenesis of T1D are not fully understood. To explore the mechanism of IFN‐α on the immune system and islets, non‐obese diabetic (NOD) mice were injected with IFN‐α and the progression of autoimmune insulitis was assessed by haematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, immunohistochemical and flow cytometry analysis. Transcriptional profiling of islets treated with IFN‐α was explored by RNA‐seq. IFN‐α induced antigen presentation was evaluated by qRT‐PCR, western blot and immunofluorescence, and key transcription factors were inhibited by small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). Our data show that IFN‐α contributed to the progression of autoimmune insulitis in NOD mice by promoting the proliferation of CD8+ T cells. IFN‐α upregulated antigen presentation related genes MHC I, TAP1, B2M, PSMB8, NLRC5 and transcriptional regulator STAT1, STAT2, IRF7 at a time and dose‐dependent manner. The silence of STAT1 or STAT2 both weakened IFN‐α‐induced increase of antigen presenting related molecules. IRF7 was also merely influenced by STAT1 silence. The knockdown of IRF7 decreased the IFN‐α induced expressions of TAP1, PSMB8 and MHC I and prevented the expression of STAT2 but not STAT1. Our study demonstrated that STAT1‐IRF7‐MHC I complex axis were crucial for IFN‐α signalling in islets, and created positive feedback through IRF7‐STAT2 cascade amplifying signals which accelerated the process of T1D.
Do educational games affect students' achievement emotions? Evidence from a meta‐analysis
Authors: Lei Hao , Wang Chenxin , Chiu Ming Ming , Chen Shuangye 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundResearchers debate whether game‐based learning (GBL) affects students' achievement emotions, as past studies yielded mixed results.ObjectivesThis study determines the overall effect of GBL on students' positive achievement emotion and their negative achievement emotions (PAEs, NAEs), along with their moderators.MethodsThis meta‐analysis examined true or quasi‐experimental studies, reported in English or Chinese, and with students (ranging from primary schools to universities) who did not report physiological and/or psychological illnesses.ResultsCompared to traditional instruction, GBL had a positive effect on students' PAEs (g =0.526, k = 39, 95% CI = [0.319, 0.733]) and a negative effect on NAEs (g = −0.517, k = 22, 95% CI = [−0.709, −0.324]). GBL's positive effects on students' PAEs were (a) largest in middle school and otherwise generally larger in higher grades, and (b) largest for competition GBLs (compared to cooperative or individual GBLs). GBL's negative effects on students' NAEs were (a) larger in collectivist cultures than individualistic ones, (b) progressively larger in primary school, middle school, and university, (c) larger for non‐digital games than digital games, (d) smallest for individual games, (e) progressively larger in mathematics, social sciences, language, science, and highest in engineering and technology, and (f) smallest for extremely short or extremely long intervention durations (very short: up to 45 min; very long: over 2 months).Take AwayGBL often increases students' PAEs and decreases their NAEs, though their effect sizes differ across cultural values, grade level, game type, academic subject, or intervention duration. Hence, educators should consider these aspects when designing / selecting education games for their students and instructional contexts.