bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel multi‐strategy self‐optimizing SAPSO algorithm for PMSM parameter identification
Authors: Wen Dingdou , Shi Chuandong , Zhang Yang , Liao Kaixian , Liu Jianhua , Luo Bing , Wang Tingting 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTo address the unsatisfactory performance of particle swarm optimization (PSO), a novel multi‐strategy self‐optimizing simulated annealing particle swarm optimization (SOSAPSO) method for permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) parameter identification is proposed. The full‐rank mathematical model and the fitness function are developed. In SOSAPSO, the velocity term of the PSO is simplified and dynamic opposition‐based learning (DOBL) is introduced in the inertia weight update process to avoid population monotonicity. Moreover, A Cauchy–Gaussian hybrid variation strategy based on similarity and density is devised to achieve self‐learning in deep regions. Meanwhile, the simulated annealing (SA) with a memory and tempering mechanism is introduced into SOSAPSO, and the greedy optimization algorithm (GOA) is used to enhance local fine‐exploitation capabilities when SOSAPSO evolution is stalled. The test results indicate the proposed method can effectively avoid local convergence problems and has better robustness and convergence speed.
Decarboxylative Claisen Condensations with Substituted Malonic Acid Half Oxyesters
Authors: Presset Marc , Xavier Tania , Tran Parvine , Gautreau Apolline , Le Gall Erwan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA decarboxylative Claisen condensation involving substituted malonic acid half oxyesters (SMAHOs) as pronucleophiles has been developed. The addition of their magnesium enolates to various acyl donors allows the synthesis of functionalized α-substituted β-keto esters in moderate to excellent yields (13–96%). In addition to acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides, these conditions proved efficient for the use of carboxylic acids as acylating agents, thus allowing to greatly extend the scope of this transformation (32 examples overall).
Decision Support to Improve Critical Care Services Documentation in an Academic Emergency Department
Authors: Turer Robert W. , Champion John C. , Rothman Brian S. , Dunn Heather S. , Jenkins Kenneth M. , Everham Olayinka , Barrett Tyler W. , Jones Ian D. , Ward Michael J. , Miller Nathaniel M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Objectives Critical care services (CCS) documentation affects billing, operations, and research. No studies exist on documentation decision support (DDS) for CCS in the emergency department (ED). We describe the design, implementation, and evaluation of a DDS tool built to improve CCS documentation at an academic ED.
Methods This quality improvement study reports the prospective design, implementation, and evaluation of a novel DDS tool for CCS documentation at an academic ED. CCS-associated ED diagnoses triggered a message to appear within the physician note attestation workflow for any patient seen in the adult ED. The alert raised awareness of CCS-associated diagnoses without recommending specific documentation practices. The message disappeared from the note automatically once signed. We measured current procedural terminology (CPT) codes 99291 or 99292 (representing CCS rendered) for 8 months before and after deployment to identify CCS documentation rates. We performed state-space Bayesian time-series analysis to evaluate the causal effect of our intervention on CCS documentation capture. We used monthly ED volume and monthly admission rates as covariate time-series for model generation.
Results The study included 92,350 ED patients with an observed mean proportion CCS of 3.9% before the intervention and 5.8% afterward. The counterfactual model predicted an average response of 3.9% [95% CI 3.5–4.3%]. The estimated absolute causal effect of the intervention was 2.0% [95% CI 1.5–2.4%] (p = 0.001).
Conclusion A DDS tool measurably increased ED CCS documentation. Attention to user workflows and collaboration with compliance and billing teams avoided alert fatigue and ensures compliance.
Profiles of learners based on their cognitive and metacognitive learning strategy use: occurrence and relations with gender, intrinsic motivation, and perceived autonomy support
Authors: Kwarikunda Diana , Schiefele Ulrich , Muwonge Charles Magoba , Ssenyonga Joseph 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFor life-long learning, an effective learning strategy repertoire is particularly important during acquisition of knowledge in lower secondary school—an educational level characterized with transition into more autonomous learning environments with increased complex academic demands. Using latent profile analysis, we explored the occurrence of different secondary school learner profiles depending on their various combinations of cognitive and metacognitive learning strategy use, as well as their differences in perceived autonomy support, intrinsic motivation, and gender. Data were collected from 576 ninth grade students in Uganda using self-report questionnaires. Four learner profiles were identified: competent strategy user, struggling user, surface-level learner, and deep-level learner profiles. Gender differences were noted in students’ use of elaboration and organization strategies to learn Physics, in favor of girls. In terms of profile memberships, significant differences in gender, intrinsic motivation and perceived autonomy support were also noted. Girls were 2.4–2.7 times more likely than boys to be members of the competent strategy user and surface-level learner profiles. Additionally, higher levels of intrinsic motivation predicted an increased likelihood membership into the deep-level learner profile, while higher levels of perceived teacher autonomy predicted an increased likelihood membership into the competent strategy user profile as compared to other profiles. Further, implications of the findings were discussed.
Individuals’ willingness to provide geospatial global positioning system (GPS) data from their smartphone during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Hswen Yulin , Nguemdjo Ulrich , Yom-Tov Elad , Marcus Gregory M , Ventelou Bruno 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study aims to evaluate people’s willingness to provide their geospatial global positioning system (GPS) data from their smartphones during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on the self-determination theory, the addition of monetary incentives to encourage data provision may have an adverse effect on spontaneous donation. Therefore, we tested if a crowding-out effect exists between financial and altruistic motivations. Participants were randomized to different frames of motivational messages regarding the provision of their GPS data based on (1) self-interest, (2) pro-social benefit, and (3) monetary compensation. We also sought to examine the use of a negative versus positive valence in the framing of the different armed messages. 1055 participants were recruited from 41 countries with a mean age of 34 years on Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk), an online crowdsourcing platform. Participants living in India or in Brazil were more willing to provide their GPS data compared to those living in the United States. No significant differences were seen between positive and negative valence framing messages. Monetary incentives of $5 significantly increased participants’ willingness to provide GPS data. Half of the participants in the self-interest and pro-social arms agreed to provide their GPS data and almost two-thirds of participants were willing to provide their data in exchange for $5. If participants refused the first framing proposal, they were followed up with a “Vickrey auction” (a sealed-bid second-priced auction, SPSBA). An average of $17 bid was accepted in the self-interest condition to provide their GPS data, and the average “bid” of $21 was for the pro-social benefit experimental condition. These results revealed that a crowding-out effect between intrinsic and extrinsic motivations did not take place in our sample of internet users. Framing and incentivization can be used in combination to influence the acquisition of private GPS smartphone data. Financial incentives can increase data provision to a greater degree with no losses on these intrinsic motivations, to fight the COVID-19 pandemic.
Origins of the diffuse shared proton vibrational signatures in proton-coupled electron transfer model dyad complexes
Authors: Chen Liangyi , Ma Zifan , Fournier Joseph A. 
Published: September 2022

Phenol-benzimidazole and phenol-pyridine dyad complexes have served as popular model systems for the study of proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) kinetics in solution-phase experiments. Interpretation of measured PCET rates in terms of key structural parameters, such as the H-bond donor–acceptor distance, however, remains challenging. Herein, we report vibrational spectra in the electronic ground state for a series of phenol-benzimidazole and phenol-pyridine complexes isolated and cryogenically cooled in an ion trap. The four models studied each display highly red-shifted and broadened OH stretching transitions that arise from strong H-bonding interactions between the phenol OH group and the basic N site on benzimidazole/pyridine rings. The OH stretch transition in each model displays relatively strong absorption onsets near 2500 cm−1 with broad shoulders that extend asymmetrically to higher frequencies over hundreds of wavenumbers. In contrast, the deuterated isotopologues yield much weaker OD stretch transitions that appear symmetrically broadened. The spectral breadth and shape of the OD stretch transitions are ascribed to variations in OD stretch frequencies that arise from zero-point distributions in the proton donor–acceptor low-frequency soft mode vibration. The asymmetric structure of the OH stretch transitions is attributed to a set of combination bands between the OH stretch and a series of low-frequency H-bond soft modes. The spectra and modeling highlight the importance of OH stretch-soft mode couplings, which are thought to play important roles in PCET and proton transfer dynamics.
Degradation of gene silencer is essential for expression of foreign genes and bacterial colonization of the mammalian gut
Authors: Choi Jeongjoon , Schmukler Matias , Groisman Eduardo A. 
Published: September 2022

Horizontal gene transfer drives bacterial evolution. To confer new properties, horizontally acquired genes must overcome gene silencing by nucleoid-associated proteins, such as the heat-stable nucleoid structuring (H-NS) protein. Enteric bacteria possess proteins that displace H-NS from foreign genes, form nonfunctional oligomers with H-NS, and degrade H-NS, raising the question of whether any of these mechanisms play a role in overcoming foreign gene silencing in vivo. To answer this question, we mutagenized the
hns
gene and identified a variant specifying an H-NS protein that binds foreign DNA and silences expression of the corresponding genes, like wild-type H-NS, but resists degradation by the Lon protease. Critically,
Escherichia coli
expressing this variant alone fails to produce curli, which are encoded by foreign genes and required for biofilm formation, and fails to colonize the murine gut. Our findings establish that H-NS proteolysis is a general mechanism of derepressing foreign genes and essential for colonization of mammalian hosts.
Instability of closed orbits obtained by minimization*
Authors: Ureña Antonio J 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We study the dynamics around closed orbits of autonomous Lagrangian systems. When the configuration space is two-dimensional and orientable we show that every closed orbit minimizing the free-period action functional is orbitally unstable. This result applies even when the minimizers are degenerate or nonisolated, but a particularly strong form of instability holds in the isolated case. Under some symmetry assumptions, free-period action minimizers are unstable also in the higher-dimensional case. Applications to geodesics and celestial mechanics are given.
Almost sure scattering at mass regularity for radial Schrödinger equations
Authors: Latocca Mickaël 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We consider the radial nonlinear Schrödinger equation i∂
t

u + Δu = |u|
p−1
u in dimension d ⩾ 2 for

p
∈

1
,
1
+

4

d

and construct a natural Gaussian measure μ
0 which support is almost

L

rad

2

and such that μ
0—almost every initial data gives rise to a unique global solution. Furthermore, for

p
>
1
+

2

d

and d ⩽ 10, the solutions constructed scatter in a space which is almost L
2. This paper can be viewed as a higher dimensional counterpart of the work of Burq and Thomann (2020 arXiv:2012.13571), in the radial case.
Transition phenomena for the attractor of an iterated function system*
Authors: Leśniak Krzysztof , Snigireva Nina , Strobin Filip , Vince Andrew 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Iterated function systems (IFSs) and their attractors have been central in fractal geometry. If the functions in the IFS are contractions, then the IFS is guaranteed to have a unique attractor. Two natural questions concerning contractivity arise. First, whether an IFS needs to be contractive to admit an attractor? Second, what occurs to the attractor at the boundary between contractivity and expansion of an IFS? The first question is addressed in the paper by providing examples of highly noncontractive IFSs with attractors. The second question leads to the study of two types of transition phenomena associated with an IFS family that depend on a real parameter. These are called lower and upper transition attractors. Their existence and properties are the main topic of this paper. Lower transition attractors are related to the semiattractors, introduced by Lasota and Myjak in 1990s. Upper transition attractors are related to the problem of continuous dependence of an attractor upon the IFS. A main result states that, for a wide class of IFS families, there is a threshold such that the IFSs in the one-parameter family have an attractor for parameters below the threshold and they have no attractor for parameters above the threshold. At the threshold there exists a unique upper transition attractor.
Validation of prompt gamma-ray spectroscopy for proton range verification in tissue-mimicking and porcine samples
Authors: Tattenberg Sebastian , Marants Raanan , Niepel Katharina , Bortfeld Thomas , Sudhyadhom Atchar , Landry Guillaume , Parodi Katia , Verburg Joost 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Objective. Proton therapy of cancer improves dose conformality to the target and sparing of surrounding healthy tissues compared to conventional photon treatments. However, proton therapy’s advantage could be even larger if proton range uncertainties were reduced. Sources of range uncertainties include computed tomography treatment planning images and variations in patient anatomy and setup. To reduce range uncertainties, we have developed a system for real-time in vivo range monitoring. The system is based on spectroscopy of prompt gamma-rays emitted through proton-nuclear interactions during irradiation. We validated the performance of our prompt gamma-ray spectroscopy detector prototype using tissue-mimicking and porcine samples. Approach. Measurements were performed in water, four tissue-mimicking samples (spongiosa, muscle, adipose tissue, and cortical bone), and two porcine samples (liver and brain). A dose of 0.9 Gy was delivered to a target at a depth of 12.5–17.5 cm. Multi-layer ionization chamber measurements were performed to determine stopping power ratios relative to water and ground truth proton ranges. Ground truth elemental compositions were determined using combustion analysis. Proton ranges and elemental compositions measured using prompt gamma-ray spectroscopy were compared to the ground truth. Main results. For all samples, the mean measured range over all pencil-beam spots differed from the ground truth by less than 1.2 mm. The mean standard deviation was 0.9 mm (range: 0.4–1.6 mm). The mean difference between ground truth and measured elemental compositions was 0.06

g

cm

3

(range: 0.00

g

cm

3

to 0.12

g

cm

3

). Significance. We verified the performance of our prompt gamma-ray spectroscopy detector prototype for proton range verification using tissue-mimicking and porcine samples. Measured proton ranges and elemental sample compositions were in good agreement with the ground truth. These measurements confirm the system’s reliability for a variety of tissues and bridge the gap between previously-reported experiments and ongoing in vivo patient measurements.
Quantification of pulmonary functional MRI: state-of-the-art and emerging image processing methods and measurements
Authors: Sharma Maksym , Wyszkiewicz Paulina V , Desaigoudar Vedanth , Guo Fumin , Capaldi Dante PI , Parraga Grace 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Pulmonary functional magnetic resonance imaging (PfMRI) provides a way to non-invasively map and measure the spatial distribution of pulmonary ventilation, perfusion and gas-exchange abnormalities with unprecedented detail of functional processes at the level of airways, alveoli and the alveolar-capillary membrane. Current PfMRI approaches are dominated by hyperpolarized helium-3 (3He) and xenon-129 (129Xe) gases, which both provide rapid (8–15 s) and well-tolerated imaging examinations in patients with severe pulmonary diseases and pediatric populations, whilst employing no ionizing radiation. While a number of review papers summarize the required image acquisition hardware and software requirements needed to enable PfMRI, here we focus on the image analysis and processing methods required for reproducible measurements using hyperpolarized gas ventilation MRI. We start with the transition in the literature from qualitative and subjective scoring systems to quantitative and objective measurements which enable precise quantification of the lung’s critical structure-function relationship. We provide an overview of quantitative biomarkers and the relevant respiratory system parameters that may be measured using PfMRI methods, outlining the history of developments in the field, current methods and then knowledge gaps and typical limitations. We focus on hyperpolarized noble gas MR image processing methods used for quantifying ventilation and gas distribution in the lungs, and discuss the utility and applications of imaging biomarkers generated through these techniques. We conclude with a summary of the current and future directions to further the development of image processing methods, and discuss the remaining challenges for potential clinical translation of these approaches and their integration into standard clinical workflows.
Investigation of core impurity transport in DIII-D diverted negative triangularity plasmas
Authors: Sciortino F , Howard N T , Odstrčil T , Austin M , Bykov I , Chrystal C , Haskey S R , Lore J D , Marinoni A , Marmar E S , Meneghini O , Paz-Soldan C , Rodriguez-Fernandez P , Smith S P , Thome K E 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Tokamak operation at negative triangularity has been shown to offer high energy confinement without the typical disadvantages of edge pedestals (Marinoni et al 2021 Nucl. Fusion
61 116010). In this paper, we examine impurity transport in DIII-D diverted negative triangularity experiments. Analysis of charge exchange recombination spectroscopy reveals flat or hollow carbon density profiles in the core, and impurity confinement times consistently shorter than energy confinement times. Bayesian inferences of impurity transport coefficients based on laser blow-off injections and forward modeling via the Aurora package (Sciortino et al 2021 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion
63 112001) show core cross-field diffusion to be higher in L-mode than in H-mode. Impurity profile shapes remain flat or hollow in all cases. Inferred radial profiles of diffusion and convection are compared to neoclassical, quasilinear gyrofluid, and nonlinear gyrokinetic simulations. Heat transport is observed to be better captured by reduced turbulence models with respect to particle transport. State-of-the-art gyrokinetic modeling compares favorably with measurements across multiple transport channels. Overall, these results suggest that diverted negative triangularity discharges may offer a path to a highly-radiative L-mode scenario with high core performance.
Observation of MHD-correlated blobs during internal reconnection events in VEST
Authors: Jung E.C. , Na Y.S. , Kim S. , Jeong W.I. , Park J.-K. , Hahm T.S. , Ghim Y.-c. , Hwang Y.S. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Internal reconnection events (IREs), one of the relaxation events driven by internal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) instabilities in fusion plasmas, are accompanied by a strongly MHD-correlated blob at the edge in the Versatile Experiment Spherical Torus spherical tokamak. The MHD-correlated blob plays a significant role in the onset and the strength of IREs. Various techniques analyzing visible camera images show correlated waveforms between blobs and magnetic fluctuations, and they produce visualized images of corotating structures of the MHD modes and the MHD-correlated blobs. In the images, a phase drag in the rotations of the two structures initially appears and vanishes on the verge of IREs. IREs maintaining the phase drag, however, leads to a less violent impact in terms of current decrease and magnetic field bursting. In addition, the MHD-correlated blobs are followed by the increasing degree of nonlinear interactions between the internal MHD mode and high-frequency broadband fluctuations (>60 kHz) at the edge. These results suggest that boundary plasmas can impact internally driven relaxation events via MHD-correlated edge phenomena.
Improved heat and particle flux mitigation in high core confinement, baffled, alternative divertor configurations in the TCV tokamak
Authors: Raj Harshita , Theiler C. , Thornton A. , Février O. , Gorno S. , Bagnato F. , Blanchard P. , Colandrea C. , de Oliveira H. , Duval B.P. , Labit B. , Perek A. , Reimerdes H. , Sheikh U. , Vallar M. , Vincent B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Nitrogen seeded detachment has been achieved in the tokamak a configuration variable (TCV) in alternative divertor configurations (ADCs), namely X-divertor and X-point target, with and without baffles in H-mode plasmas with high core confinement. Both ADCs show a remarkable reduction in the inter-ELM particle and heat fluxes to the target compared to the standard divertor configuration. 95%–98% of the inter-ELM peak heat flux to the target is mitigated as a synergetic effect of ADCs, baffling, and nitrogen seeded detachment. The effect of divertor geometry and baffles on core-divertor compatibility is investigated in detail. The power balance in these experiments is also investigated to explore the physics behind the observed reduction in heat fluxes in the ADCs.