bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Rapid Method of Evaluating and Determining Length of Activity of Surface Applied Fungicides for the Control of Cucumber Fruit Rot1
Authors: Sciumbato G. L. , Hegwood C. P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Fruit of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) and sterile seed of beet (Beta vulgaris L.) were placed on soil infested with Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn after treatment with soil-applied fungicides. Several fungicides gave acceptable fruit rot control 7 days after spraying on soil surface but none gave acceptable control after 13, 21, or 29 days. In general, the percent of beet seed infested with Rhizoctonia increased 13, 21, and 29 days after spraying.
Methods of Surveying Direct Market Customers1
Authors: Courter J. W. , Sabota C. M. , Nyankori J. C. O. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Three surveys of direct market (pick-your-own) strawberry customers were conducted in Illinois to obtain demographic information, distance travelled, purchase habitude, and advertising response. A mail survey utilizing postcard reminders resulted in a higher number of returned forms than 2 anonymous handout surveys without follow-up. The rates of return were influenced by follow-up cards, the time interval of mailing the follow-up cards, and the growers’ personal request to their customers to complete survey forms. The survey methods are discussed relative to the large numbers of completed surveys required in our research and the applicability of various survey methods for direct marketing.
Self-incompatibility in ‘Matou’ Wentan (Citrus grandis (L.) Osb.)1
Authors: Li Siao-Jong 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Matou’ wentan (pummelo) is usually seedless in Taiwan. However, about 8% of the fruits on the market are seedy. In controlled pollination tests, ‘Matou’ was self-incompatible and highly parthenocarpic. Seedy fruits in commercial orchards are apparently from pollination by trees of other cultivars such as ‘Liucheng’ (C. sinensis Osb.), ‘Ponkan’ (C. ponkan Tan.), and especially ‘Paiyu’ and ‘Hwungyu’ (C grandis). Seedy fruits of ‘Matou’ wentan could be prevented by excluding other citrus cultivars from the orchard.
Storage Behavior of Baladi Mandarins in the Sudan1
Authors: Yagi Mahmouda I. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Baladi mandarins (Citrus reticulata Blanco) in either unperforated or perforated polyethylene (PE) bags, or loose (control) were stored at ambient, average 34°C and 49% relative humidity (RH) as well as 20°; 10°; or 4° and 85% RH. Mandarins in unperforated PE bags lost least in fresh weight. Some fruit were attacked by one or more of Penicillium spp., Alternaria spp. and Aspergillus niger. Loose fruit at ambient conditions did not develop the characteristic orange color. Both acidity and total soluble solids were not significantly changed during storage. Juice content decreased more at the higher temperature.
Computer Tracing of Pedigrees1
Authors: Bell Richard L. , Janick Jules , Blake Roland C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A computer program was written to allow fast tracing of pedigrees from a computer file of parentage records and which lists the pedigree of any requested individual or progeny in 2 forms. The first output format is a listing adapted to integration with another program which calculates inbreeding coefficients and coefficients of coancestry; the second output format is a family tree.
The Presence of Cyanide-resistant Respiration in Petals of Roses Harvested at the Tight Bud Stage1
Authors: Wulster George , Sacalis John , Janes Harry W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Respiration of petal discs from rose (Rosa hybrida L.) was measured by standard manometric techniques gave evidence for the presence of cyanide-resistant respiration. During early stages of rose petal expansion oxygen uptake by petal discs was only slightly inhibited by ImM KCN. In conjunction with 10−1mM salicyl hydroxamic Acid (SHAM), an inhibitor specific for the alternate cyanide-resistant pathway, 1mM KCN greatly reduced oxygen uptake in these petal discs. SHAM alone had no effect on petal disc respiration.
Earworm Resistant Sweet Corn Composite 9E-791
Authors: Wann E. V. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Composite 9E-79 is a mid-season, earworm-resistant sweet corn (Zea mays L.) that will provide plant breeders a useful source of germplasm from which superior inbred lines may be extracted. It will also serve as a reservoir for the conservation of valuable sweet corn germplasm.
‘U. C. West Side’ Muskmelon1
Authors: Zink F. W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘U.C. West Side’ is an andromonoecious vine type, salmon-orange flesh muskmelon, Cucumis melo L. It is a shipping cultivar adapted for spring production in the desert valleys of California, summer production in the San Joaquin Valley, and other semiarid regions of the far west.
Viticulture in China1
Authors: Huang Huibai 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The introduction of cultivated grapes into China from central Asia dates back to the Han Dynasty (2nd century b c). That is why the so-called “Ancient Chinese grapes” still cultivated at various locations have so many traits in common with the Vitis vinifera proles orientalis Negrul. It is not coincidence that the Chinese word “putao” for grape is pronounced similarly to the word “budaw” in the ancient Persian language.
Application of Computer Simulation to the Teaching of Garden Center Management1
Authors: Brewer James E. , Wolnick Dennis J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Probably 20% of the 1.9 million retail businesses in the United States are involved in some way with the sale of ornamental plants and garden supplies. According to the Small Business Administration, one-third of all businesses will be discontinued within 1 year of opening, 50% will be gone within 2 years, and two-thirds within 5 years. The largest single cause for this large number of closings even among established businesses is management inexperience and inaptitude (5). To successfully enter the retail nursery industry, horticulture students should have training and experience in general business management and specifically businesses engaged in selling nursery products and services. Unfortunately the typical student must try to grasp complex and somewhat abstract management concepts with little on-the-job experience.
Price Futures for the United States Pecan Industry1
Authors: Epperson J. E. , Allison J. R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Three methods were used to predict potential production of pecans [Carya illinoensis (Wang.) K. Koch] by 1985. A price determination model was estimated, given predetermined quantities, and was used to predict a planning price for pecans by 1985. Results from the analysis indicate that future deflated price adjustments will not be as severe as suspected with an expected price in current dollars of about $1.60/kg which compares to an average price in current dollars near $1.70/kg for 1976-1977. However, the chain of events which are shaping the pecan producing industry portends reason for caution.
Construction and Maintenance Costs of Controlled Environment Facilities1
Authors: Bilderling N. de 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Since 1968 the “Secretariat Phytotronique” has gathered information on existing controlled environment facilities, in more than 30 installations throughout the world and analyzed construction and maintenance costs for more than 5,000 m2 of usable space for plants.
Construction costs of phytotrons range from $l,000/m2 to $8,000/m2 and prices of manufactured cabinets vary from $2,000 to $12,000/m2 of space usable for plants (1967 price base).
Annual operating costs of phytotrons range from $140/m2 to $783/m2 of space usable for plants. For artificially lighted rooms with 80 W fluorescent lamps, running costs at Gif-sur-Yvette are $39l/m2 and with the same lamps for growth cabinets, $578/m2. With lamps of higher intensities annual operating costs of growth cabinets are: $719/m2 for 215 W fluorescent lamps and $l,450/m2 for xenon lamps.
Xenon lamp lighting is too costly and is only justifiable in special cases and for special research. According to our experience at Gif-sur-Yvette a panel lamp 1 × 1.50 meters with 16 fluorescent 80 W cool white tubes provided with parabolic aluminum polished reflectors and completed by 43 incandescent lamps of 25 W each (with 60% negative booster) gives a light intensity sufficient for most kinds of plants: 18,000 lux or 115,000 ergs/cm2 sec at the normal plant level, 80 cm from the panel lamp.
Iron Chlorosis of Kentucky Bluegrass Cultivars1
Authors: Harivandi M. A. , Butler J. D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Significant differences in iron and chlorophyll content occurred between 25 cultivars and 5 blends of 3 year old, well-established Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.). ‘Adelphi’, 111. 38-17, ‘Sodco’, ‘Sydsport’, ‘Windsor’, and blends of ‘Common’ + ‘Kenblue’ and ‘Windsor’ + ‘Merion’ received highest visual ratings for dark green color.
Response of Chrysanthemum to Urea Peroxide1
Authors: Herr E. M. , Jarrell W. M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Chrysanthemum plants (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. cv. Bright Golden Anne) were grown in 3 potting mixes, perlite alone, peat moss/perlite and peat moss/loam (both 1:1 by volume) and irrigated 1 or 5 times/day or as needed with nutrient solutions with or without urea peroxide. No significant differences were noted in leaf area, fresh and dry weights due to peroxide treatment in the peat moss/loam or perlite mixes. Urea peroxide-treatment in peat moss/perlite mix increased leaf areas, fresh and dry weights when watered 1 or 5 times per day. Plants receiving urea peroxide had large, dark green leaves with little evidence of the effects of overwatering while controls exhibited a mottled chlorosis, especially on older leaves.
In Vitro Propagation of Hosta plantaginea1
Authors: Papachatzi Marietta , Allen Hammer P. , Hasegawa Paul M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Callus was initiated from cultured immature inflorescences of Hosta plantaginea Asch. ‘Grandiflora’ in darkness on a basal medium containing Murashige and Skoog salts, vitamins, glycine, i-inositol, sucrose, agar, and 10 mg/liter naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 0.1 mg/liter 6-benzylamino purine (BA). Reculture of the callus onto a medium containing 0.01 mg/liter NAA and 5 mg/liter BA, resulted in the formation of numerous adventitious shoots. Adventitious shoots were initiated also from leaves and segments of leaves from shoots formed in vitro when cultured on a medium supplemented with 0.01-1 mg/liter NAA and 5 mg/liter BA. Root formation was achieved when individual shoots were excised and transferred to a medium containing the basal constituents without growth regulator supplements. Rooted plants were successfully transferred to soil.
In Vitro Propagation of Mailing 7 Apple Rootstock1
Authors: Werner E. M. , Boe A. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Rapid in vitro propagation of Mailing (M) 7 apple rootstock (Malus sylvestris Mill.) was obtained on a modified Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium using shoot tips as primary expiants. Shoot regeneration was induced on a half-strength MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/liter benzylamino purine (BA). Rooting was induced by subculturing plantlets on a one-third strength MS medium containing 0.27% agar and supplemented with either 1.0, 2.0 or 3.0 mg/liter indolebutyric acid (IBA). Shoots subcultured on medium containing 2.0 mg/liter IBA rooted within 28 days.
Use of Excised Leaflets of Red Raspberry to Screen for Potential Nonpreference Resistance to Amphorophora agathonica1
Authors: Brodel C. F. , Schaefers G. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Young, excised leaflets of 7 clones of red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) indicated potential nonpreference resistance to the aphid vector of raspberry mosaic viruses, Amphorophora agathonica Hottes. More aphids deserted resistant clones than susceptible ‘Latham’ over a 3-day period. Treatment of excised leaflets with 6-benzylamino purine (BA) increased desertion rates as compared to distilled water in resistant clones.
The Effect of Ethephon on Ripening and Splitting of Pistachio Nuts1
Authors: Torabi Mansoor 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Application of (2-chloroethyl)phosponic acid (ethephon) at 250, 500, 750 ppm 1 month before the beginning of harvest, significantly increased the percentage of ripe, split nuts of pistachio (Pistachio vera L.) at 3 sampling dates.
Influence of Insecticides on Sweet Corn Quality and their Effectiveness in Control of Corn Earworm1
Authors: Pike K. S. , Drake S. R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Six insecticides (methomyl, permethrin, dicarbosulf, fenvalerate, fluvalinate, UBI-W439) were evaluated for their effect on quality of fresh cut kernels of sweet corn (Zea mays L.) and control of corn earworm, Heliothis zea (Boddie), Lepidoptera: Noctuidae. Corn color, moisture, and soluble solids were unaffected by any of the insecticides, and all, except UBI-W439, provided acceptable earworm control.
A Source of Resistance to a Strain of Cucumber Mosaic Virus in Lactuca saligna L.1
Authors: Prowidenti R. , Robinson R. W. , Shail J. W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A source of resistance to widespread and severe mosaic caused by cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) on late summer-grown lettuce in New York State was found in plant introduction (PI) 261653, an accession of Lactuca saligna L. from Portugal. Resistance to CMV was dominant in F1 plants of L. saligna × L. sativa L. However, this resistance was proved to be viral strain specific, necessitating the search for an additional source for the control of a newly recognized strain of CMV able to infect PI 261653 systemically.
Wisconsin (RRR) 46 Snap Bean Breeding Line1
Authors: Hagedorn D. J. , Rand R. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A new breeding line of bush snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) designated Wisconsin (RRR) 46 has been released with high-level resistance to the root rot disease complex incited by Pythium spp., Fusarium solani f. sp. phaseoli (Burkh.) Sny. & Hans, and Rhizoctonia solani Kiihn. This third (1) bush bean developed by us with resistance to Wisconsin’s bean root rot complex has a strikingly higher level of resistance than any other bush beans we have studied. This includes breeding lines from most of the other U.S. scientists researching this problem. The level of resistance compares favorably with, or may even be higher than, the wellknown resistant N 203 bean.
‘Great Northern Harris’ Dry Bean1
Authors: Coyne D. P. , Nuland David S. , Schuster M. L. , Anderson F. N. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Common blight, caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas phaseoli (E. F. Smith) Dowson, is one of the most serious seed-borne diseases of bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L. Recommended controls are use of certified, diseasefree seed and crop rotation; there is no satisfactory chemical control.
Oregon 4, 5, 6, and 14 Carrot Breeding Lines1
Authors: Baggett J. R. , Frazier W. A. , Varseveld G. W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Lines Oregon 4, 5, 6, and 14 carrot CDaucus carota L.) were released for breeding or further selection, after the Oregon State University breeding program was terminated in 1978. These lines were developed at Corvallis with consistent exposure to wet autumn weather and are considered to have useful resistance to cracking and rotting under such conditions. They are primarily for processing use, and have shown good quality when canned or frozen, with deep orange to red-orange color and little occurrence of green core.
WMR 29 Muskmelon Breeding Line1
Authors: Bohn G. W. , Kishaba A. N. , McCreight J. D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
WMR 29 is a productive, watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) 1 resistant muskmelon adapted for desert culture with excellent shipping characters: nearly spherical shape; heavily netted; dry stem scar; firm blossom end; very firm flesh at full slip; bright salmon-orange flesh; high soluble solids; small, dry seed cavity; and pleasant taste and aroma. Watermelon mosaic virus causes severe stunting and malformation of stems and leaves, and yield reduction of muskmelons in the American desert Southwest. WMV 1 and WMV 2 are contributing factors in declining muskmelon acreage in Imperial Valley during the last 40 years. It is common for Imperial Valley fields to be 100% infected by end of harvest. Dominant, single gene resistance to WMV 1 was found in PI 180280 (1). Resistance to WMV 2 has not yet been reported although cultivars appear to vary in field tolerance to WMV 2.
Fruit Development and Ripening of the Star Apple (Chrysophyllum cainito L.)1
Authors: Pratt Harlan K. , Mendoza D. B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The star apple is a nonclimacteric fruit and does not respond appreciably to treatment with ethylene, propylene, or ethephon. Its respiration rate at 20°C is 25 to 50 mg CO2 per kg-hr, and ethylene production ranges from 10 to 100 nl per kg-hr. Both respiration rate and ethylene production increased with the onset of fruit decay caused by species of Pestalotia and Diplodia.
Guava Fruit Firm Rot Induced by Bruising1
Authors: Ko W. H. , Kunimoto R. K. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Firm rot of guava (Psidium guajava L.) fruit usually started at the blossom end where affected tissue became water soaked but remained firm. The disorder, which advanced 7 to 40 mm in 24 hours, enhanced the development of fruit spot associated with Guignardia musae Racib. Guava fruit inoculated with diseased tissues did not develop firm rot, nor did hot water treatment prevent further development of the disorder. Healthy fruit struck against a bench in the laboratory or guava branches in the field developed firm rot at the blossom end but not at the stem end. Guava fruit firm rot, which is not caused by an infectious agent, appears to be triggered by wounding resulting from striking against hard objects.
Identification of Nucellar and Zygotic Seedlings of Citrus with Leaf Isozymes1
Authors: Soost Robert K. , Williams Timothy E. , Torres Andrew M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The distinction between apomictic nucellar and zygotic 5-month-old seedlings of Citrus was made using two genetically defined isozyme markers: phosphoglucose isomerase and phosphoglucose mutase. Of 123 seedlings of attempted crosses of ‘King’ (seed parent) × ‘Parsons Special’, 18 had the ‘King’ genotype and were therefore nucellars. Segregation ratios for both markers were as expected among the zygotics.
Effects of Auxins and Cytokinins on Ethylene Evolution and Growth of Rose Callus Tissue in Sealed Vessels1
Authors: Wulster George , Sacalis John 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Ethylene evolution from callus tissue of rose (Rosa hybrida L.) grown in air tight vessels was enhanced by the presence of auxin and cytokinin in the culture medium. Increased ethylene levels did not adversely affect the fresh weight gain of rose callus tissue.
In Vitro Micrografting of Apple Shoot Tips1
Authors: Huang Shu-Ching , Millikan D. F. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Micrografting of apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) was achieved by placing a 0.1 to 0.2 mm scion explant derived either from field-grown or in vitro-grown shoot apices on the hypocotyl of a decapitated 15 day-old seedling. Under asceptic conditons, the scion and hypocotyl unite to form a complete plant which produces 4 to 6 leaves after 6 weeks. These plants were transplanted to sterile vermiculite and conditioned to ambient humidity for 1 week and then transplanted to soil. This technique was used to obtain virus-free plants from virus-infected plants.
Cellular Variation in Chromosome Number Induced by p-Fluorophenylalanine in Grape Seedlings1
Authors: Omura M. , Akihama T. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
p-Fluorophenylalanine reduced germination and growth of diploid seedlings of grape (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Neo Muscat) and induced variation in chromosome numbers from haploidy to tetraploidy including aneuploidy in root cells.
Dip Pasteurization: a Solution for Resistance to Fungicides?1
Authors: Morris SC. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Pasteurization at 60–80°C caused a rapid reduction of viable Penicillium digitatum Sacc. spores in fungicide dips. Heat killing of spores that survive fungicides should greatly reduce the likelihood that fungi would develop resistance to fungicides and thus extend their useful life. All fungicides tested were found to be efficacious even after extended periods at 70° C. Re-infestation of fruit was prevented by keeping the viable spore concentrations in the dip below 102 spores/ml. Concentrations of 105 spores/ml or higher resulted in 100% infection of wounds made in lemons.
Introduction to the Symposium
Authors: Cantliffe D. J. , Tigchelaar E. C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The importance of good quality, highly vigorous seed for agricultural production of crop plants cannot be overemphasized. With the ever increasing demands for a mechanized, energy-efficient type of agriculture, we have come to the stage where one plant is expected for every seed sown. Moreover, modern agriculture demands that each emerging plant grow and develop uniformly under a wide range of environmental conditions. The recent development of precision seeding equipment for small-seeded crops, improvements in chemical weed control, and the need for high plant populations and uniform plant stands for machine harvest has led to a growing interest in direct field seeding.
Environmental Effects on Seed Development and Seed Quality
Authors: Delouche James C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The concentration of seed production for some crops in specific areas of the U.S. and of other countries is persuasive testimony of the influence of environmental factors on seed development and quality. The environmental factors that have contributed to the selection and establishment of these specialized seed production areas can be sketched in rather broadly in brief reviews of some of the areas.
Physiological, Biochemical and Genetic Changes in Seed Quality During Storage
Authors: Roos Eric E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Seldom are seeds harvested and immediately planted without undergoing at least a brief storage period. Exceptions would be certain seeds designated as “recalcitrant” (not readily storable) (45) which must be planted immediately, or viability is soon lost. Examples include many tropical plants as well as many of our temperate trees. The life span of these recalcitrant seeds may be of the order of a few days to several months (22). Another case where freshly harvested seeds may not undergo storage would be breeding materials where the object is to produce as many generations a year as possible. In this case, seeds are often harvested in an immature state and planted immediately. However, normally most seeds are stored several weeks or months before being planted. Longer storage periods, 1 to 5 years, are necessary for seeds which may be expensive or difficult to produce, or for those cultivars which are not produced every year due to lower demand by growers. Finally, germplasm banks, such as the USDA National Seed Storage Laboratory, may wish to preserve seeds for decades or even centuries (26).