bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Apple Insect Control At the Fennville Experiment Station in Michigan, 1987
Authors: Howitt A. J. , Olsen L. G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
An apple insect control experiment was initiated in western Michigan at the MSU Entomology Experiment Station near Fennville. The purpose of the test was to compare the performance and crop tolerance of 3 Guthion formulations (50 WP, 35 WP, 3 F at 1 lb [AI]/acre) and the effectiveness of pyrethroids for early-season insect control. The test orchard consisted of &gt;40-yr-old standard trees. The experimental design was completely randomized, using single trees replicated 4 times. Treatments were sprayed with a Bean orchard airblast concentrated at 100 gal/acre. Treatments were applied on 23 Apr (pink); 15 May (petal fall); 28 May; 10 and 22 Jun; 2, 16, and 28 Jul; and 10 and 20 Aug. On 21 Aug, 100 leaves were picked per tree and old and new STLM mines were counted. On 31 Aug, 100 fruit per tree were examined for insect damage. Data were analyzed and means separated by the Student Newman Kuels test at P = 0.05 level.
Colorado Potato Beetle Insecticide Trial, 1987
Authors: Mayer D. F. , Britt R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots were established in a commercial field of 'Norgold' potatoes planted near Harrah, Wash. Plant spacing was 9 inches with 34 inches between rows. Plot size was 3 rows × 12 ft and arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. Standard planting, fertility, and weed control practices were followed. Spray applications were done 7 Jun with an R&D CO2-pressurized sprayer at a rate of 35 gal/acre using a hand-held boom with 2 nozzles. Evaluations were made on 8, 15, 22, and 29 Jun by counting the live larvae and adult beetles on 10 plants in each plot.
Soil Systemics Applied At-Plant and Emergence for Potato Insect Control in Irrigated Potato, 1987
Authors: Noetzel David , Ricard Michele , Stevens Dale 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A trial was placed in an irrigated potato field on the Hubbard prairie, 8 miles southwest of Park Rapids, Minn. The specific site of the experiment was 30 yards from the field edge, 12 rows from the pivot road, and between pivot wheel tracks. The plot area was planted with a commercial 6-row planter at the same time as the main field. Insecticide applicators were turned off through the plot area and then turned on to apply Thimet (3 lb [AI]/acre) in the main field. Fertilizer, etc., was not changed. The soil was a sandy loam. Individual plots were 4 36-inch rows 30 ft long, replicated 4 times, and arranged in a randomized complete block design. The field was planted on 18 Apr. At-plant treatments were applied on 22 Apr, and emergence treatments were applied on 18 May. Foliars were applied on 20 Jun, 10 and 24 Jul, and 21 Aug. Six applications of fungicide were applied to the entire pivot. Yields were taken by harvesting 12.5 ft from the center of the second row in each plot. Nonreplicated samples from untreated border buffer rows of the same sample row length were also collected and are included in the summary. Yields of #ls and total yield are reported.
Apple, Dilute Test of Insecticides, 1987
Authors: Hull Larry A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experimental sprays were applied to run-off to single-tree plots in a randomized block design consisting of 2 replicates of'Golden Delicious' and 2 replicates of'York Imperial.' Treated single trees were separated by others not sprayed with insecticides. The trees were planted to a spacing of 6.1 × 10.7 m. Sprays were applied with a John Bean sprayer, 35 gal/min pump, equipped with a spray mast carrying 7 spray guns arranged to wet the uniformly trimmed trees. Approximately 6.3 gal of spray was applied to each replicate tree. Dates of application were 21 May; 3 and 18 Jun; 1, 15, and 29 Jul; and 12 and 26 Aug. For the DPX-42372 treatments, Guthion 50WP was substituted on 3 Jun (high rate only), 1 and 15 Jul, and 12 and 26 Aug. For the RH-7988 treatment, Guthion 50WP was substituted on 21 May, 1 and 15 Jul, and 12 and 16 Aug. General sprays ol fungicides (Benlate, Manzate, Bayleton, Dithane M-45) were made at 1-2-wk intervals throughout the experiment with a Friend Airmaster sprayer at 50 gal/acre. Effectiveness of treatments on AA was evaluated by counting aphid-infested leaves/10 top terminals, and aphids/most infested leaf. Effect of treatments on WALH was evaluated by counting nymphs/25 leaves/tree. Effectiveness of treatments on ERM, twospotted spider mite, and predatory mites was evaluated by counting the mites several times during the season on samples of 25 leaves/tree, 100 leaves/treatment. Effect of treatments on the predator S. punctum was evaluated by 3-min counts of adults and larvae around the periphery of the test trees. STLM was evaluated by a 5-min count of mines around the periphery of the test trees. Effectiveness of treatments on fruit feeders was assessed by scoring for injury all drops after 1 Jul and two picked samples on 19 Aug and 15 Sep. Apple samples averaged 187 fruit/replicate and 748/treatment. Pest pressure was heavy throughout the season. Russet ratings were based i on 30 'Golden Delicious' apples/replicate, 60/treatment. Fruit were rated as 1 (no russeting), 2 (light russeting), 3 (moderate russeting), or 4 (severe russeting). Possible ranges were 30-60 (none to light), 60-90 (light to moderate), 90-120 (moderate to severe).
Irish Potato, Control of Colorado Potato Beetle, 1987
Authors: Sewell Gary H. , Storch Richard H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The experiments were randomized complete block designs with 6 replicates. Experiment CPB-A was planted 8 May, and experiments CPB-B and CPB-C were planted 11 May at Presque Isle, Maine, on land that was in clover in 1986. The 3.0-m space between blocks was bare soil and the 4-row plots were separated by 2 rows of untreated potatoes. All rows were planted with an assisted-feed planter 0.9 m apart and 15.0 m long, and the healthy seed pieces (75 g) were 30 cm apart. Fertilization and hilling practices were normal for the area. Late blight was controlled by 7 foliar applications of Dithane F-45 (2338 ml/ha the weeks of 6, 13, and 20 Jul; 2806 ml/ha the weeks of 27 Jul and 3, 10, and 17 Aug). Foliar insecticide applications were made with a Century boom sprayer, 3 nozzles/row at 7.0 kg/cm2 pressure and 1.2 kl/ha. Numbers of larvae and adults were counted on 25 whole plants in the middle rows of each plot. When dates of count and application were the same, beetle counts were made prior to application of insecticides. Analyses of variance were calculated following transformations of data using log10(x + 1). Means of the sum of larvae and adult beetles were compared using DMRT and then reconverted. The soil was classified as Caribou Loam, pH 5.2. Total monthly rainfall for June, July, and August was 8.8, 7.6, and 4.4 cm, respectively. The average temperature for each of the same 3 months was 16.5, 19.0, and 19.1°C.
Insect Control on Fresh Market Tomatoes in West-Central Florida, Fall 1986
Authors: Schuster David J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Transplants were set 4 Sept, 18 inches apart on 2.5-ft-wide by 8-inch-high beds of EauGallie fine sand covered with black polyethylene mulch. Plots consisted of 10 staked plants and treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied 25 Sept; 2, 9, 16, 23, and 30 Oct; and 6 Nov with a 2.5-gal, handheld CO2-powered sprayer operated at 40 psi and delivering 80-140 gal/acre (volume increased as plants grew). On 10 Nov, the numbers of leafminers were counted in a 2-minute visual search of each plot. The numbers of undamaged fruit and the numbers of fruit damaged by noctuid larvae (principally the southern armyworm, S. eridania (Cramer)) were determined in a single harvest taken on 13 Nov.
Potato Leafhopper Control, 1987
Authors: Arne C. N. , Bailey W. C. , Munson R. E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experimental plots measuring 20 × 40 ft were established in a 1-yr-old stand of alfalfa at the University of Missouri's Wurdack Farm in Crawford County. Eleven treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied July 30 at 16.5 gal/acre using 8002 flat-fan nozzles, 50-mesh screens, and 20 psi on a 20-ft tractor-mounted boom. The alfalfa was 11 inches tall at the time of treatment. Temperature was near 90°F and winds were 0-4 mph. Potato leafhopper (PLH) populations were estimated by 10 180-degree sweeps with a 15-inch-diam sweep net at 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days posttreatment. The data were transformed by × + 0.5 for analysis, but actual counts of PLH nymphs and adults were combined and expressed as means in the table.
Apple, Concentrate Airblast Insecticide Test, 1987
Authors: Hull Larry A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experimental sprays were applied to 3 tree plots in a randomized block design consisting of 3 replicates of'York Imperial' and 2 replicates of Golden Delicious.' Experimental sprays were applied with a Friend Airmaster sprayer at 25 gal/acre, alternate-side-spray-driven at 2 mph. Rates for treatments are listed as amount/acre, both sides spray. Spray dates for the alternate-side treatments were 22 Apr (Danitol treatments only, complete spray); 12, 18, and 27 May; 5, 12, 19, and 26 Jun; 6, 14, 22, and 31 Jul; 10, 17, 24 Aug; and 2 Sep. Apollo 50SC was added to Danitol treatments on 27 May; 6, 14, 22, and 31 Jul; and 24 and 31 Aug. Phosphamidon 8EC was added to the Larvin treatment on 19 and 26 Jun. Kelthane 4F (1.89 liters/acre), Plictran 50WP (454 gal/acre), and Omite 30WP (2.27 kg/acre) were added to all treatments except Danitol on 6 Jun and 14 Jul, respectively, as alternate-side applications. General sprays of fungicides (Benlate, Dithane M-45) were made at 1-2-wk intervals throughout the experiment with a Myers Mity Mist sprayer at 50 gal/acre. Effectiveness of treatments on AA was evaluated by counting aphid-infested leaves/10 terminals. Effect of treatments on WALH was evaluated by counting nymphs/25 leaves/tree. Effectiveness of treatments on ERM was evaluated by counting the mites several times during the season on samples of 25 leaves/tree, 125 leaves/treatment. Effect of treatments on the predator S. punctum was evaluated by 3-min counts of adults and larvae around the periphery of test trees. Effectiveness of treatments on fruit feeders was assessed by scoring for injury all drops after 1 Jul and 2 picked samples on 21 Aug and 22 Sep. Apple samples averaged 140 fruit/replicate and 700/treatment. Pest pressure was heavy throughout the season. Russet ratings are based on 30 'Golden Delicious' apples/replicate, 60/treatment. Fruit were rated as 1 (no russeting), 2 (light russeting), 3 (moderate russeting), or 4 (severe russeting). Possible ranges were 30-60 (none to light), 60-90 (light to moderate), 90-120 (moderate to severe).
Alfalfa Weevil Control in Louisiana, 1987
Authors: Whitford Fred , Quisenberry Sharron 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The test was conducted on a 2-yr-old stand of ‘Fla. 77’ alfalfa located at the Dean Lee Research Station near Alexandria. Treatments were applied to 20- × 20-ft plots arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Insecticide treatments were applied on 2 Mar using a CO2 backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 20.6 gal/acre at 33 psi and equipped with a 7-ft boom fitted with 4 brass 8002 flat-fan nozzles. The alfalfa was 16 inches tall when it was treated. Air temperature was 66°F, and winds were less than 5 mph. Pretreatment and 3-, 7-, and 14-day posttreatment counts were made by taking 10 sweeps with a standard sweep net (15-inch diam).
Barley Thrips Control, Trial 2, 1986
Authors: Noetzel David M. , Ricard Michele , Holen Carlyle 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots were located in a commercial field near Fosston, Minn. Plots were 15 × 30 ft, arranged in a randomized complete block and replicated 3 times. Applications were broadcast with a hand-held C02 sprayer using 40 psi pressure in a final volume of 20 gal/acre. The stage of barley at application time (12 Jul) was early milk. Forty-eight-hour posttreatment counts of adults and nymphs were taken from 20 stems/plot. Yields were taken from 3 1-sq-yard samples/plot, adjusted to a standard moisture, the 3 samples were averaged, and treatment means were compared. Three subsamples of 3 1-sq-yard samples each were collected in the main field for a second untreated comparison.
Plant Bug Control, 1986
Authors: Wipfli Mark S. , Wedberg John L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Insecticides were applied on 17 Jun to a 1-yr-old commercial seed production stand 15 mi south of the Ashland Agricultural Experiment Station in Ashland County, Wis. Trefoil plants were 18-20 inches tall with 70% buds and 30% blooms present during insecticide applications. Treatments were applied to 24- × 50-ft (7.3 × 15.2 m) plots replicated 4 times using a randomized complete block design. Insecticides were applied with a Cooper and Pegler CP3 Knapsack sprayer delivering 25.3 gal/acre at 20 psi to a 6.0-ft boom equipped with 4 Teejet 8004 flat-fan nozzles. Plant bug densities were estimated 1, 2, 7, and 22 days posttreatment by taking 30 pendulum sweeps/plot with a 15-inch-diam sweep net. Samples were i ilaced in cloth bags, brought back to the laboratory, and placed in the freezer; the insects were later sorted and counted. Sweep count data were analyzed using × + 1 transformation but are presented in the table as actual sweep counts. Most of the plant bugs were in the 4th and 5th instar at spray time, with a few adults beginning to appear.
Corn Rootworm Larval Control in South Dakota, 1986
Authors: Hein G. L. , Ingemansen J. A. , Haas M. J. , Boetel M. A. , Walgenbach D. D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Planting-time soil insecticide trials were conducted at 5 locations in eastern South Dakota. The insecticide histories at these locations were as follows: Brookings and Rutland, no previous insecticides; Milbank, Dyfonate (1985, 1983) and Furadan (1984, 1982); Hurley, Counter (1985, 1982) and Lorsban (1983, 1984); Garretson, Counter (1985), Furadan (1984, 1982), and Dyfonate (1983). The experimental design for all studies was a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Individual treatment plots consisted of single rows, 15 m long. Granular formulations of insecticides were applied with modified Noble metering units mounted on a specially adapted John Deere 4-row 71 Flexiplanter. The metering units were ground driven, and all units were calibrated on the planter. The granules were applied in a 18-cm band in front of the press wheel and incorporated by the press wheel. In-furrow applications were directed immediately behind the double-disk seed furrow openers. Liquid formulations were applied in an 18-cm band over the row immediately after planting. The C02 backpack sprayer used to apply the liquids was equipped with a single LE 1.5 nozzle that delivered 17.5 gal/acre at 15 psi. Five roots/replication were dug from each treatment (17 Jul-5 Aug). Roots were washed and rated for rootworm damage using the Iowa 1-6 rating scale.
Armyworm Control in Corn, 1985
Authors: Hellman J. L. , Patton T. W. , Salvaggio R. , Vinis L. , Grove J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Test plots were established in 2 no-till fields in Maryland. ‘Dekalb XL61’ field corn was planted 20 Apr near Hebron in Wicomico County and Pioneer 3358’ was planted 8 May near Sunnybrook, Baltimore County, Md. At both locations the row spacing was 30 inches and at the time of treatment the corn was in the 4-leaf stage. Pretreatment precounts at the Baltimore County field averaged 2—3 worms/plant. Pretreatment counts at Wicomico County were 0.5 worms/plant. Treatments were applied 28 May at Wicomico County and 3 Jun at Baltimore County. All ;&gt;lots were 4 rows × 25 ft arranged in a randomized complete block design. There were 3 replicates in Wicomico County and 1 in Baltimore County. Sprays were applied by hand held C02 backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 20.4 gal/acre at 40 psi. Granules were applied by shaker can. On 29 May in Wicomico County and on 5 Jun in Baltimore County, 40 corn plants from the 2 center rows were searched, and the number armyworms found on and around the plants was recorded.
Control of European Corn Borer in Field Corn, 1987
Authors: Hellman J. L. , Patton T. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Corn was planted in 30-inch rows at the Central Maryland Research and Education Center near Beltsville, Md. Corn was planted on 9 May. Second- and third-instar larvae infested 95% of the corn, which was in the mid-whorl stage. Plots were 4 rows × 15 ft replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Sprays were broadcast on 17 Jun with a hand-held C02 backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 20 gal/acre at 40 psi. Granules were applied by shaker can on 16 Jun. On 13 and 14 Jul, 10 corn stalks were selected at random from the center 2 rows of each plot, cut open, and the number of borers or borer tunnels was recorded.
Field Corn, Corn Rootworm Larval Control, 1985
Authors: Meinke L. J. , Barnhart M. R. , Brown J. F. , Basil F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Soil insecticide trials at planting time and first cultivation were conducted at Mead, Neb., for corn rootworm control. The test plots were in trap crop during 1984 (no insecticide) and had been used periodically for multiclass insecticide trials for at least 10 yr prior to 1983. The soil type was a silty clay loam. The experimental design for each test was a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Each replication consisted of single-row treatments that were 35 ft long and 30 inches apart. Planting-time application equipment consisted of modified V-belt seeders mounted on a model 80 John Deere—flex planter. Preweighed amounts of insecticide granules were placed on the V-belts and directed into seed furrow or banded over the row in front of the press wheel. Noble—granular insecticide metering units mounted on a hand-powered bicycle ipplicator were used to apply soil insecticides at first cultivation. Granules were banded directly over the plant whorl and then immediately incorporated by ihe cultivator. Corn was planted 6 May, and first-cultivation treatments were applied 6 Jun. Soil moisture conditions were excellent when insecticides were lpplied. Initial corn rootworm egg hatch was detected 24 May. Stand counts were taken on 30 May and 15 Oct in all plots. Plant evaluations were made on SO May in planting-time tests to determine whether any insecticide treatments adversely affected corn development. Plants were considered abnormal if :hey were stunted or exhibited deformed growth patterns (i.e., buggy whipping). Feeding damage was evaluated (8 to 11 Jul) by digging 5 roots from each ireatment row and rating the damage by means of the Iowa 1-6 scale (1, no feeding, to 6, 3 or more nodes of roots completely destroyed). Lodging counts vere taken in October. A plant was recorded as lodged if the angle between the soil surface and the plant stem was ≤67.5 degrees. Data were subjected to in analysis of variance, and an LSD test was used for mean separation where statistical differences occurred
Western Corn Rootworm Control, 1986
Authors: Peters Leroy L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This experiment was conducted in Clay County, Neb. The previous year's crop was a trap crop of mixed-maturity corn and pumpkins. The experiment was set up in a split plot design in which the main plots were insecticide treatments and the subplots were application methods. Main plots (4 rows) were randomly placed within each replication (6) and subplots (1 row) were randomly assigned within each main plot. Rows were spaced 30 inches and were 37 ft long. On 23 Apr, planting-time application of granules was made by applying granules from a V-belt seeder mounted on the planter into the granule delivery tube, which directed the granules to just in front of the press wheel through a 7-inch bander. Additional incorporation was accomplished in the raked treatment by dragging a three-tined pitchfork along the row after passage of the planter. On 2 Jun, foliar application of granules was made by applying granules over the top of the plants with a V-belt seeder mounted on a cultivator. Corn rootworm damage was assessed by digging 5 plants per treatment per replication on 14-18 Jul (early tassel stage), washing soil from the roots, and rating each root on a 1-6 (Iowa) scale (1, no damage, to 6, S3 nodes destroyed). The corn was harvested 8-10 Oct.
In-Furrow Systemic Insecticide-Nematicide Test, 1987
Authors: Burris Gene , Graves J. B. , Pavloff A. M. , Leonard B. R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Counter, Furadan, Lance, Temik, and Di-Syston were compared as infurrow systemics in a test at the Northeast Research Station, St. Joseph, La. Terraclor Super-X (TSX) was applied with all in-furrow systemics as a standard fungicide. Orthene 80S seed treatments, 6.4 oz (AI)/acre, were used as controls. Test plots were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design, and were 4 rows (40-inch spacing) × 65 ft. Cotton was planted on 14 May on a commerce silt loam soil, which was fertilized with 60 lb/acre of nitrogen. Test treatments were applied in furrow with a John Deere 7100 planter equipped with granular applicator split boxes. Major pest or secondary pest treatments were initiated in June and maintained on an as-needed treatment basis through August. Treatment efficacy for thrips and cotton aphids was measured by washing insects from 10 seedling cotton plants/plot onto 300-mesh screens, backwashing them onto lined filter paper (7 cm), and counting them with the aid of a binocular dissecting microscope. Collections and observations on these pests were made 3, 9, and 24 Jun. Data on populations are reported as the mean number/25 plants sampled across dates. Stand and skip data were recorded by counting all plants and skips 18 inches or greater on the center 2 rows. Yields were estimated by harvesting the 2 center rows of each plot with a mechanical harvester on 10 and 23 Oct.
Efficacy of Sandoz 414 and 415 (Javelin) Against Heliothis Spp. on Cotton, 1987
Authors: Graves J. B. , Leonard B. R. , Pavloff A. M. , Burris Gene , Ratchford Kevin , Micinski Stephen 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Early-season field evaluations of the relative efficacy of Sandoz 414 and 415 (Javelin) were conducted at the Red River Research Station near Bossier City, La. ('DPL 20'), and the 2 locations (St. Joseph, 'DPL 20,' and Winnsboro, 'Stoneville 825') of the Northeast Research Station. Plots were 6 rows (Bossier City), 4 rows (Winnsboro), or 8 rows (St. Joseph) × 65 ft and replicated 4 times, except at Winnsboro where 3 replications were used. Cotton was planted on 28 Apr (Winnsboro and St. Joseph) and 5 May (Bossier City) on 40 in rows. Insecticides were applied with high-clearance ground sprayers equipped with CO2 systems for spraying small plots. Insecticides were applied in either 2.5 gal (Winnsboro and St. Joseph) or 3 gal (Bossier City) of finished spray per acre with X-3 hollow-cone nozzles spaced 20 inches apart. Treatments were applied on 10 and 17 Jun at Winnsboro, 17 and 25 Jun at St. Joseph, and 18 and 24 Jun at Bossier City. Insect populations and plant damage were monitored 5-7 days following each insecticide application.
Control of Tarnished Plant Bugs in Cotton, 1986
Authors: Langston W. C. , Schuster M. F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This test was conducted to determine whether Galecron will synergize Bidrin and Azodrin for control of tarnished plant bug (TPB). 'GP 3774' cotton was grown in plots 8 rows wide × 40 ft long using a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Applications were made with a Hi-Boy sprayer at 5 gal/acre on 9 and 16 Jul. Galecron was combined with Bidrin and Azodrin at 3 ratios of the active ingredients: 4:1, 2:1, and 1:1. Comparisons were made with an unsprayed check and Azodrin at 0.5 lb (AI)/acre. Insects were collected with a D-vac sampler from 50 row-ft per plot on 10, 16, 17, and 24 Jul.