bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recycle Ability of Post-Consumer Recycled Plastic (PCR) from the Chlorine Tank
Authors: Thonglor Thanathip , Charoeythornkhajhornchai Pollawat 
Published: March 2022

Plastic waste that used in our daily life is a major problem of environmental contaminate because it produces microplastics after degradation resulting in the harmful of living organisms, including humans. Therefore, this research has an idea to solve this problem by recycling the plastic waste. High density polyethylene (HDPE) plastic waste from the chlorine tank in fishing industry is considered. This work was designed to blend it with virgin HDPE plastic pellets. The ratio of blended plastics between virgin HDPE pellets and HDPE plastic waste from the chlorine tank which was defined as post-consumer recycled plastic (PCR) was 100:0, 50:50, 40:60, 30:70, 20:80 and 0:100 wt%, respectively. The result shows unchanged thermal properties of plastic blends caused by the same type of polymer, thus the PCR without blending with the virgin HDPE plastic is selected for recycle ability studies. The PCR was rerun in the twin screw extruder in the range of 0 - 80 extruded recycle time to observe the thermal, rheological, mechanical, and physical properties. It was found from our result that 20 recycling time of PCR was appropriate for maximum recycling process due to slightly change rheological characteristics, mechanical properties as well as product’s color.
HIGHLIGHTS

Thermal properties of post-consumer recycled plastic (PCR) after recycling and its blending with virgin HDPE
Rheological change of post-consumer recycled plastic (PCR) after recycling
Mechanical and physical properties of post-consumer recycled plastic (PCR) after recycling to meet a customer need

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
ECONOMIC TRANSITION IN LATE NINETEENTH CENTURY MALAYA: MALAY ECONOMY IN MULTIETHNIC PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Abdullah A Rahman Tang 
Published: March 2022

This article discusses the economic aspect of the Malays in multiethnic perspective in Malaya in the late 19th century. It focuses on the central issue associated with the slow pace of Malay economic development and their reaction to the changing economic orientation from subsistence to capitalism. The main concern here is the assumption based on the general consensus that the involvement of the Malays in commercial activities in the late 19th and early 20th centuries was less eminent compared to other communities. This assumption is referred to the historical development which indicates that the immigrant Chinese community was closely associated with the economic development which had taken place in Malaya during this period. In another respect, the Malay economic activities as a whole were also manifested by the economic integration with the Europeans, the Chinese as well as the Muslim immigrant communities of Indians and Arabs. Nevertheless, it still gave the impression that the pace of economic change of the Malays was considerably slow by comparison to those immigrant communities. Accordingly, they were still unable to adapt themselves to the commercial orientation in their economic activities. This new phenomenon was necessary for them to penetrate into trade and commercial plantationÂ which were dominated by Europeans and Chinese merchants and planters.
Pilihan Raya dan Tingkah Laku Pengundi dalam PRU 2008: Kajian Kes di Wilayah Persekutuan Labuan, Malaysia
Authors: Ibrahim Mohd Azri , Daud Sity 
Published: March 2022

Artikel ini membincangkan tingkah laku politik dengan memfokuskan kepada tingkah laku pengundi dalam sistem pilihan raya demokrasi. Prinsip asas yang menunjangi sistem demokrasi ialah hak rakyat untuk memilih kerajaan, iaitu kerajaan yang akan memerintah menerusi amalan pilihan raya yang adil, bebas dan telus. Penulisan ini telah memilih tingkah laku pengundi-pengundi di Wilayah Persekutuan Labuan menerusi pilihan raya umum (PRU) 2008 sebagai kajian kes. Pilihan raya di Malaysia menunjukkan bahawa tingkah laku pengundi boleh dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor seperti kredibiliti calon, pegangan agama, kekuatan parti, kedudukan ekonomi, kepentingan isu dan sebagainya. Makalah ini berusaha untuk mengenal pasti keutamaan tingkah laku pengundi di Wilayah Persekutuan Labuan berdasarkan tiga pendekatan iaitu pendekatan sosiologikal, pendekatan identifikasi parti dan pendekatan, pilihan rasional. Objektif utama makalah ini adalah mengkaji tingkah laku pengundi semasa proses pilihan raya berdasarkan tiga pendekatan tersebut dan kaitannya dengan kesedaran politik, penyertaan politik, sumber maklumat dan isu-isu pilihan raya. Kajian ini telah menggunakan kaedah penyelidikan berbentuk kualitatif dan kuantitatif dalam mendapatkan data yang berkaitan dengan pilihan raya. Sebagai rumusan, tingkah laku pengundi dalam proses pilihan raya merupakan suatu tindakan yang boleh dipengaruhi oleh aspek sosial, politik dan ekonomi serta kaitannya dengan sumber maklumat dan isu-isu pilihan raya.

This article is about political voting behavior in a democratic system of government. The main pillar of democracy is the people’s right to choose government through fair, free and transparent elections. This is a case study of voting behavior in the Federal Territory of Labuan based on the 2008 general election. The elections in Malaysia have shown that the voting behaviour can be influenced by several factors, namely the credibility of the candidates, religious belief, party unity, economic stability, importance of the issue and so on. This article seeks to identify the priority of voting behavior in Labuan Island based on three main approaches, which are the sociological approach, party identification approach and rational choice approach. The main objective of this paper is to study the behavior of voters during the electoral process using these three approaches and its relation to political awareness, political participation, information resources and electoral issues. This article employs research methods that are both qualitative andquantitative in obtaining data related to the elections. In summary, the voting behaviours during the electoral process can be influenced by the social, political and economic factors related to sources of information and electoral issues.
AIR TIDAK BERHASIL (NRW): CABARAN KE ATAS SEKURITI BEKALAN AIR DI SABAH, MALAYSIA
Authors: SAKKE NORDIN , JAFAR ADI , ABIDIN AMIRAH 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRAK Air Tidak Berhasil (NRW) adalah isu serius dan boleh mengancam sekuriti air di Sabah. Isu ini bukan sahaja dialami oleh Sabah tetapi juga di peringkat dunia. Ia merupakan petunjuk kepada ketidakcekapan pemain-pemain dalam industri air terawat untuk diagihkan kepada golongan sasar secara sah. Walaupun terdapat komitmen untuk melaksanakan pengurangan NRW kekurangan bajet dan keadaan paip yang telah usang menjadi cabaran dan halangan utama. Kebocoran paip, kecurian air dan meter yang mengakibatkan kadar NRW di Sabah kekal melebihi 50 peratus dan antara yang tertinggi di Malaysia. Terdapat beberapa usaha yang telah dijalankan tetapi impaknya adalah terlalu kecil di mana jumlah pengurangan tahunan NRW antara tahun 2005 hingga 2018 sekitar 0.35 peratus. Jumlah ini amat rendah dan ia telah membuka ruang kepada kehilangan pendapatan sehingga jutaan ringgit. Berdasarkan data rinci komponen bekalan air yang diperoleh daripada Jabatan Bekalan Air Negeri Sabah (JBANS), jumlah kerugian akibat NRW antara 2015 hingga 2017 sekitar RM657 juta. Jumlah ini agak besar dan kerugian ini boleh menyiapkan satu loji rawatan air yang baharu. Oleh itu, komitmen yang berterusan perlu disemai bukan setakat dalam kalangan pekerja JBANS, tetapi komuniti pengguna air dan juga penglibatan persekutuan untuk bantuan modal bagi menjayakan program pengurangan NRW. Sasaran 31 peratus masih jauh untuk digapai, tetapi sekiranya komitmen berterusan dapat dilaksanakan sudah pasti ancaman NRW terhadap keselamatan air dapat diminimumkan.

ABSTRACT Non-Revenue Water (NRW) is a serious issue and could threaten water security in Sabah. This issue is not only experienced by Sabah but also at the world level. It is an indicator of the inefficiency of the water industry players to be distributed to the target group. Although there is a commitment to implement NRW reduction, however the budget deficiency and the obsolete pipe conditions are major challenges and obstacles. Leakage, water theft and meters are obsolete resulting in NRW in Sabah remained above 50 per cent and among the highest in Malaysia. There are some businesses that have been carried-out but the impact is too small where the total annual reduction of NRW between 2005 to 2018 around 0.35 per cent. This percentage is very low and it has opened the door to the loss of income up to millions of ringgits. Based on detailed water supply data obtained from Jabatan Bekalan Air Negeri Sabah (JBANS), the total loss due to NRW between 2015 to 2017 is around RM657 million. This amount is quite large as it can be used to set up a new water treatment plant. Therefore, the ongoing commitment needs to be instilled not only among JBANS employees, but also the community of water users as well as federal involvement for capital assistance to make the NRW reduction program a success. The target of 31 per cent is still a long way to go, but if it been implemented consistently, NRW's threat to water security will be minimized.
The impact of the oblast center on regional socio-economic development: the center-periphery dimension
Authors: Melnyk Mariana , Leshchukh Iryna , Hlynskyy Nazar 
Published: March 2022

Purpose. The paper aims to examine the impact of the oblast center on regional socio-economic development in the context of the center-periphery relationship.
Methodology / approach. The general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, generalization, systematization, graphic method) and special ones (statistical analysis, comparison, organizational and managerial modeling) were the basis of the methodological approach. The author improved the scientific-methodological approach to the comprehensive evaluation of a region’s socio-economic development in terms of the center-periphery relationships based on interrelated stages and methods. It stipulates the research of the impact each district of a region has on the major socio-economic parameters of an oblast; calculation of the District Socio-Economic Development Index and its comparison with the district’s distance to the oblast center; evaluation of interdependencies between the districts’ shares in major socio-economic parameters of respective oblasts and their distance to the oblast center; and analysis of the development intensity of the oblast districts depending on their distance to the oblast center.
Results. Testing the scientific-methodological approach on the example of three oblasts of Ukraine (Lvivska, Poltavska, and Chernihivska), which are developing in different spatial-geographic, socio-economic, and demographic conditions, has contributed to substantiating the features of generation and development of the center-periphery relationships in the regions with different initial development conditions; outlining the areas of socio-economic centers’ impact on the districts; detecting the intensity of positive stimulus generation and their absorption in the region considering the role of local “growth poles” in the process.
Originality / scientific novelty. The paper further develops the theoretical-methodological foundations of researching the center-periphery relationships in a region at the oblast center – oblast area level. The results of calculations following the author’s methodological approach have allowed developing the space structure for Ukrainian regions under research in the context of the center-periphery relationships.
Practical value / implications. The conducted research based on the methodology developed by the author is quite important both in terms of the scientific-methodological aspect and in the context of addressing the important regional development tasks and searching for balanced and coherent spatial development.
Pengaruh Literasi terhadap Keterampilan Proses Sains Siswa di MI Roudlotul Falah Kecamatan Sidoarjo Kabupaten Sidoarjo
Authors: Ridlo Saidur 
Published: March 2022

Literacy is the ability to access, understand, and use something intelligently through various activities or activities, including reading, seeing, listening, writing and speaking. Science Process Skills (KPS) is a learning approach oriented to science learning. This study aims to study the Effect of Literacy on Science Process Skills of Students at MI Roudlotul Falah District of Sidoarjo, Sidoarjo Regency. This type of research is a quantitative approach. The type of research approach is descriptive quantitative, namely research to give a description of the symptoms, phenomena, or facts examined by describing the value of independent variables, without intending to connect or compare. Data collection methods used in this study were observation, interviews, documentation and questionnaires. From the results of the study, the Influence of Literacy on the development of Science Process Skill Students have a value of 78.190%, thus the variable shows sufficient category. This means demonstrating that Literacy Against the Development of Science Process Skill is quite influential for Students at MI Roudlotul Falah.
Resisting Usefulness
Authors: Ritchey Marianna 
Published: March 2022

Arts advocacy in the U.S. tends to cultivate state and philanthropic art support by emphasizing art’s potential to increase productivity and generate revenue in various ways. Even musicologists often take this rhetorical route, arguing for the continued relevance of our work, for example by noting that studying music cultivates the kind of creative thinking skills that make workers attractive to corporations like Google. This way of promoting music and musicology thus reinforces the logic of state and capital by demonstrating music’s usefulness within that logic. I argue that we should instead embrace and pedagogically center music’s uselessness as its most potentially radical quality. Doing so could help us construct a new political imaginary that might more robustly resist the antisocial logics of capital.
My argument circles around the question of musical autonomy. While a certain version of autonomy undergirds our discipline’s tools and assumptions, today this value is dismissed by almost everyone, including leftists and liberals, activists and academics. In salvaging the autonomous ideal, I attempt to resituate it firmly within collective practice, an orientation it has traditionally been seen as transcending. My exploration of collective autonomy weaves together work from musicology, political theory, anthropology, feminist theory, and Black studies, as well as from radical activist traditions that develop outside of any institutional framework. I think with and through these diverse perspectives, arguing that celebrating music’s uselessness might aid our collective ability imagine a radically different world.
Beyond Whack-a-Mole: Content Protection in the Age of Platform Accountability
Authors: Karyn A. Temple  
Published: March 2022

This is a story about David vs. Goliath. But with a twist. What happens when the main characters change roles before the story is over? The person whom we are rooting for becomes less clear. Are they the villain or the hero? And, because it’s a story about copyright, and I now work in the film business, let’s put it in those terms: It’s realizing halfway through the movie that maybe the supposed villain, Maleficent, wasn’t so bad after all, or at least she had a very good reason for her distrust of the humans—they did cut off her wings and stuff them in a box.
I may be going a bit far with my analogies, and the description of the overall public sentiment towards the protagonists of my story is perhaps a bit hyperbolic. Indeed, many people would probably argue that there are actually no heroes in this particular narrative. But as I discuss, there has unquestionably been a disparity between the public’s perceptions of copyright creators versus technologists throughout the years. This Article assesses how the story of “Copyright and Technology” has progressed over the years and affected related policy making, how the narrative has recently shifted, and how that shift might actually provide a basis for more cooperative efforts between the two “sides” to address Internet piracy, not fewer.
Part I of this Article explores the early development of the Internet, the regulatory approach to platform responsibility at that time, and the contrasting pre-existing negative views towards copyright. Part II describes the resulting permissive legal regime, including the adoption of the Digital Millennium Copyright Right Act (DMCA), early Internet case law addressing online copyright infringement under that legislation, and the development of the Communications Decency Act (CDA). Part III highlights the ongoing rise in piracy after the DMCA and backlash to congressional attempts to address it. Part IV discusses recent regulatory and public scrutiny of online platforms and the reassessment of their responsibility for addressing illicit conduct occurring through their services.
The Last Breakfast with Aunt Jemima and Its Impact on Trademark Theory
Authors: Deborah R. Gerhardt  
Published: March 2022

The generally-accepted law and economics theory of trademarks fails to explain why a brand owner would ever walk away from a trademark that generates financially lucrative returns. In 2020, that is exactly what happened again and again as brand owners pledged to abandon racially explicit marks in the weeks following George Floyd’s murder. As citizens became more attuned to the experiences of those depicted in racial marks, the owners of Aunt Jemima, Uncle Ben’s, the Cleveland Indians, the Redskins, the Dixie Chicks, Lady Antebellum and others announced these brands’ days were numbered. By evoking racist stereotypes, they became a moral liability. They could not be authentically unifying if they promoted values inconsistent with contemporary notions of equality and anti-racism. This Article situates the adoption of racially explicit brands in a historic context and explores the reactions of the targeted communities. It then explains why multiple legal challenges to these federal trademark registrations failed. The traditional law and economics paradigm used to justify and explain trademark law does not account for strategic trademark decisions driven by values and expressive community connections. While law and economics captures the essential message a symbol must communicate to function as a mark, it neglects to explain why some marks fail or, in spite of spectacular success, may be abandoned. When a theory cannot account for what is happening in practice, it is time to reach for new tools to help explain the significant role trademarks play in reflecting and leading cultural dynamics.
The consumer investment framework is ideally suited to fill this theoretical gap. It accounts for expressive and value driven decision making. It embraces the many ways we engage with marks apart from the point of purchase. In addition to purchasing trademarked products, people invest trademarks with time, meaning, and money. Open dialogue between brand managers, influencers, and fans facilitates connections through shared values. By accounting for brand meaning, communities, and values, the consumer investment theory provides a better framework for understanding the abandonment of racist imagery in a way that traditional law and economics cannot. Where law and economics fails to function as an explanatory paradigm, the consumer investment model provides a theoretical framework for understanding how trademarks function if they are to succeed and what qualities make them resilient enough to remain resonant in a constantly changing cultural environment.
PENGARUH KOMPETENSI, INDEPENDENSI DAN PERILAKU DISFUNGSIONAL AUDITOR TERHADAP KUALITAS AUDIT DI MODERASI OLEH RELIGIUSITAS
Authors: Tianingsih Putri , Rustiana Siti Hamidah , Sarwoko Haris 
Published: March 2022

This study aims to determine "The Effect of Auditor's Competence, Independence and Dysfunctional Behavior on Audit Quality in Moderation by Religiosity" (Empirical Study of Public Accounting Firms in South Jakarta). The type of research used is quantitative research with primary data sources. The population in this study is a public accounting firm in the South Jakarta area and the sample in this study are auditors who work at public accounting firms in the South Jakarta area. The number of samples in this study were 103 auditors. Quantitative data analysis was performed using the Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) technique which was processed through the WarpPls 7.0 software. Based on the research results and the results of hypothesis testing, it shows that 1) competence has a positive and significant effect on audit quality, 2) independence has a positive and significant effect on audit quality, 3) dysfunctional behavior has a positive but insignificant effect on audit quality, 4) religiosity does not have a moderate effect competence on audit quality, 5) religiosity is not able to moderate the effect of independence on audit quality, 6) religiosity is not able to moderate the effect of auditor dysfunctional behavior on audit quality.

Keywords: Competence, Independence, Auditor Dysfunctional Behavior, Religiosity
SEASONAL INVESTIGATION OF HEAVY METAL CONCENTRATIONS IN VEGETABLES FROM OLUKU DUMPSITE AND A FARM LAND IN EDO STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Aisien E. T. 
Published: March 2022

Without a doubt, plants take up toxic substances such as heavy metals which are transferred along the food chain. These constrain should not be overlooked due to the importance of vegetables in the human diet, hence this study was aimed to determine the heavy metal concentrations in green leafy vegetables from Oluku dumpsite and a nearby farm during the dry season (2020) and the rainy season (2021). In this study, samples (green leaves, water leaves, bitter leaves and fluted pumpkin leaves) were randomly collected and analyzed using the dry ashing method and atomic absorption spectrophotometry method. Results obtained showed that chromium and manganese concentrations were above the permissible limits set by FAO/WHO guideline values in all the samples, except bitter leaves which were within the FAO/WHO safe limit. The other heavy metals (mercury, lead, cobalt, cadmium and copper) analyzed were below the detectable limit of the atomic absorption spectrophotometer used. This study revealed that dumpsites and lands close to the dumpsite should not be used in the cultivation of vegetables because green leaves, water leaves and pumpkin leaves bioaccumulated chromium and manganese above the FAO/WHO safe limit for consumption.
General Education Sucks: So Teach the Great Identities
Authors: Glanzer Perry L. 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
Although there are many reasons why one could consider current manifestations of general education a disaster area, this article focuses on its ethical failures. First, I will demonstrate the central importance of moral purposes to justifications for general education. Second, I will describe how the failure to connect the moral aims that originally animated general education to a complex understanding of our fundamental identity, alongside a general marginalization of moral discourse in the academy, has produced an inability to match the content of general education to the moral ends used to justify it. Rather than the incoherent approach to general education used today, I argue that general education should focus on the individual that the university is ultimately meant to serve—the student. Such a shift requires, as John Dewey noted, nothing short of a revolution. Higher education certainly provides students with tools but it provides students no direction as to what is worth building, I propose a general education that instructs students about, and cultivates capacities toward excellence in, the great human identities (e.g., neighbor, friend, citizen, family, steward of nature and culture, race, gender, etc.).