bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
INVESTIGATING TEXTUAL VARIANTS OF MARK 1:1
Authors: Hoa Do Ngoc 
Published: January 2022

Abstract: This article revisits a classical case in textual criticism, textual variants of Mark 1:1. It presents all the variants from the available manuscripts and their respective dating. After that, it investigates all the variants using the textual criticism approach, focusing on the external and internal evidence. While affirming that this paper does not solve the problem since evidence for at least two readings is equally convincing, it concludes by confirming that the variant with longer reading is preferable and more likely to be the original. Abstrak: Artikel ini membahas kembali kasus klasik dalam studi Kritik Teks, yaitu berbagai variasi teks dalam Markus 1:1. Artikel ini memaparkan semua varian dari pelbagai manuskrip berserta dengan pentarikhannya masing-masing. Setelah itu, artikel ini menginvestigasi semua varian tersebut berdasarkan pendekatan Kritik Teks, dengan fokus pada bukti eksternal dan internal. Mengafirmasi bahwa kajian ini tidak menyelesaikan masalah tekstual dalam teks yang diselidiki karena bukti bagi kedua bacaan yang dominan sama-sama meyakinkan, artikel ini menyimpulkan bahwa varian dengan bacaan yang lebih panjang lebih meyakinkan dan kemungkinan besar asli.
GLOBAL CHALLENGES AND THEIR ROLE IN TALENT MANAGEMENT CRISIS FACING INSURANCE INDUSTRY
Authors: Kajwang Ben 
Published: January 2022

Purpose: The environment for the insurance industry today is global, complex, dynamic, highly competitive, and extremely volatile, and is likely to remain so for years to come. In addition to these external conditions, most insurance firms are also facing several global challenges including those related to: talent flow; the managing of two generations of employees, viz., older or mature workers and younger workers; and a shortage of needed competencies. The aim of this paper is to explore the global challenges and their role in talent management crisis facing insurance industry. The paper is based on case studies relating to insurance companies, focusing on global challenges and their role in talent management crisis facing insurance industry.
Methodology: A desktop literature review was used for this purpose. Relevant seminal references and journal articles for the study were identified using Google Scholar. The inclusion criteria entailed papers that were not over a decade old.
Findings: The study found out that the challenges facing insurance industry today are global, complex, dynamic, highly competitive, and extremely unstable, and are likely to remain so for years to come. The study identified challenges relating to talent management crisis facing insurance industry as talent shortage, locating and relocating talent, cultural diversity, aging populations, emerging risks such as COVID-19 pandemics, and compensation levels of talent. Another important finding was that many insurance companies face strong rivalry for the skills worldwide and face extensive challenges in attracting, engaging, promoting and retaining employees. According to this study, researchers have advocated for insurance companies to incorporate and deal with issues of key concern for their future employees they are more likely to succeed in attracting talent.
Recommendations: The study recommends that Due to the shifting demographics in terms of age, gender, and race, the HR department must device an inclusive approach to attract and retain skilful employees who are ready to remain updated with the current information and trends in the marketplace. Organizations can assess the success of its global talent programme by analyzing its historical aspects on hiring, retention, productivity, and competitiveness in the market. It was also recommended that HR managers are should design reward or compensation programmes for top performers to encourage development of talents. There is assurance of effective management and maintenance of core aspects of a global workforce in line with attributes of a country, thus aligning organizational goals and objectives with those of employees.
Solving stochastic multi-manned U-shaped assembly line balancing problem using differential evolution algorithm
Authors: Zakaraia Mohammad , Zaher Hegazy , Ragaa Naglaa 
Published: January 2022

The U-shaped assembly lines help to have more flexibility than the straight assembly lines, where the operators can perform tasks in both sides of the line, the entrance and the exit sides. Having more than one operator in any station of the line can reduce the line length and thereby affects the number of produced products. This paper combines the U-shaped assembly line balancing problem with the multi-manned assembly line balancing problem in one problem. In addition, the processing times of the tasks are considered as stochastic, where they are represented as random variables with known means and variances. The problem is formulated as a mixed-integer linear programming and the cycle time constraints are formulated as chance-constraints. The proposed algorithm for solving the problem is a differential evolution algorithm. The parameter of the algorithm is optimized using experimental design and the computational results are done on 71 adapted problems selected from well-known benchmarks.
Single-particle characterization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in background air in northern Europe
Authors: Passig Johannes , Schade Julian , Irsig Robert , Kröger-Badge Thomas , Czech Hendryk , Adam Thomas , Fallgren Henrik , Moldanova Jana , Sklorz Martin , Streibel Thorsten , Zimmermann Ralf 
Published: January 2022

Abstract. We investigated the distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on individual ambient aerosol particles at the Swedish western coast in a
pristine environment for 10 d in October 2019. The measurements were carried out using new technology with single-particle mass spectrometry
(SPMS) that reveals both the inorganic particle composition as well as the particle-bound PAHs (Schade et al., 2019). More than 290 000 particles
were characterized; 4412 of them reveal PAH signatures. Most of the PAH-containing particles were internal mixtures of carbonaceous material,
secondary nitrate and metals from distant sources in central and eastern Europe. We characterize the aerosol with respect to the inorganic
composition, comparable to conventional SPMS, before we discuss the distribution of PAHs within this particle ensemble. Vice versa, we analyze the
single-particle PAH spectra for characteristic patterns and discuss the inorganic composition, origin and atmospheric processing of the respective
particles. The study period comprised different meteorological situations: clean air conditions with winds from the North Sea/Kattegat and little
terrestrial air pollution, long-range transport from eastern Europe and southern Sweden, and transport of aerosols from central Europe over
the sea. For all meteorological conditions, PAHs were detected in particles whose inorganic content indicates traffic emissions, such as
combinations of soot, iron and calcium as well as in particles with biomass-burning signatures. However, there were variations in their amounts,
dependent on the geographic origin. Because of strong mixing, rapid degradation and speciation limits, e.g., for PAHs of the same nominal mass, the
application of diagnostic ratios for source apportionment is limited under the conditions of our study. Nevertheless, the combination with the
inorganic content and meteorological data provides unique insights into the particles' origin, aging and mixing state. We exemplarily show how the
observation of PAH profiles and inorganic secondary components on a single-particle level can open a new door to investigate aerosol aging
processes. To our best knowledge, we herewith present the first comprehensive study on the single-particle distribution of PAHs in ambient air as
well as the first set of combined data on PAHs and inorganic composition on a single-particle level.
Estimating ion escape from unmagnetized planets
Authors: Holmstrom Mats 
Published: January 2022

Abstract. We propose a new method to estimate ion escape from unmagnetized planets that combines observations and models. Assuming that upstream solar wind conditions are known, a computer model of the interaction between the solar wind and the planet is executed for different ionospheric ion production rates.
This results in different amounts of mass loading of the solar wind.
We then obtain the ion escape rate from the model run that best fits observations of the bow shock location.
As an example of the method, we estimate the heavy-ion escape from Mars on 1 March 2015 to be 2×1024 ions s−1, using a hybrid plasma model and observations by the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) and Mars Express (MEX) missions.
This method enables studies on how escape depends on different parameters as well as studies on escape rates during extreme solar wind conditions; moreover, the technique is applicable to studies of escape in the early solar system and at exoplanets.
Rediscovering Robert E. Horton's lake evaporation formulae: new directions for evaporation physics
Authors: Vimal Solomon , Singh Vijay P. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Evaporation from open water is among the most rigorously studied problems in hydrology. Robert E. Horton, unbeknownst to most investigators on the subject, studied it in great detail by conducting experiments and heuristically relating his observations to physical laws. His work furthered known theories of lake evaporation, but it appears that it was dismissed as simply empirical. This is unfortunate because Horton's
century-old insights on the topic, which we summarize here, seem relevant for contemporary climate-change-era problems. In rediscovering his
overlooked lake evaporation works, in this paper we (1) examine several of his publications in the period 1915–1944 and identify his theory sources for evaporation physics among scientists of the late 1800s, (2) illustrate his lake evaporation formulae, which require several equations, tables, thresholds, and conditions based on physical factors and assumptions, and (3) assess his evaporation results over the continental U.S. and analyze the performance of his formula in a subarctic Canadian catchment by comparing it with five other calibrated (aerodynamic and mass transfer) evaporation formulae of varying complexity. We find that Horton's method, due to its unique variable vapor pressure deficit (VVPD) term, outperforms all other methods by ∼3 %–15 % of R2 consistently across timescales (days to months) and at an order of magnitude higher at subdaily scales (we assessed up to 30 min). Surprisingly, when his method uses input vapor pressure disaggregated from reanalysis data, it still outperforms other methods which use local measurements. This indicates that the vapor pressure deficit (VPD) term currently used in all other evaporation methods is not as good an independent control for lake evaporation as Horton's VVPD. Therefore, Horton's evaporation formula is held to be a major improvement in lake evaporation theory which, in part, may (A) supplant or improve existing evaporation formulae, including the aerodynamic part of the combination (Penman) method, (B) point to new directions in lake evaporation physics, as it leads to a “constant” and a nondimensional ratio (the former is due to Horton, John Dalton (1802), and Gustav Schübler (1831) and the latter to Jožef Štefan (1881) and Horton), and (C) offer better insights behind the physics of the evaporation paradox (i.e., globally, decreasing trends in pan evaporation are unanimously observed, while the opposite is expected due to global warming). Curiously, Horton's rare observations of convective vapor plumes from lakes may also help to explain the mythical origins of the Greek deity Venus and the dancing Nereids.
Extreme floods in Europe: going beyond observations using reforecast ensemble pooling
Authors: Brunner Manuela I. , Slater Louise J. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Assessing the rarity and magnitude of very extreme flood events occurring less than twice a century is challenging due to the lack of observations of such rare events. Here we develop a new approach, pooling reforecast ensemble members from the European Flood Awareness System (EFAS), to increase the sample size available to estimate the frequency of extreme local and regional flood events. We assess the added value of such pooling, determine where in Central Europe one might expect the most extreme events, and evaluate how event severity is related to physiographic and meteorological catchment characteristics. We work with a set of 234 catchments from the Global Runoff Data Centre matched to EFAS catchments and for which the performance of simulated floods is good when compared to observed streamflow. We pool EFAS-simulated flood events for 10 perturbed ensemble members and lead times ranging from 22 to 46 d, where flood events are only weakly dependent (<0.25 average correlation across lead times). The resulting large ensemble (130 time series instead of 1) enables the analyses of very extreme events which occur less than twice a century. We demonstrate that such ensemble pooling produces more robust estimates with considerably reduced uncertainty bounds (by ∼80 % on average) than observation-based estimates but may equally introduce biases arising from the simulated meteorology and hydrological model. Our results show that, for a given return period, specific floods are highest in steep, cold, and wet regions and are comparably low in regions with strong flow regulation through dams. Furthermore, our pooled flood estimates indicate that the probability of regional flooding is higher in Central Europe and Great Britain than in Scandinavia. We conclude that reforecast ensemble pooling is an efficient approach to increase sample size and to derive robust local and regional flood estimates in regions with good hydrological model performance.
Identification, characteristics and dynamics of Arctic extreme seasons
Authors: Hartmuth Katharina , Boettcher Maxi , Wernli Heini , Papritz Lukas 
Published: January 2022

Abstract. The Arctic atmosphere is strongly affected by anthropogenic warming leading to long-term trends in surface temperature and sea ice extent. In addition, it exhibits strong variability on timescales from days to seasons. While recent research elucidated processes leading to short-term extreme conditions in the Arctic, this study investigates unusual atmospheric conditions on the seasonal timescale. Based on a principal component analysis in the phase space spanned by the seasonal-mean values of surface temperature, precipitation and the atmospheric components of the surface energy balance, individual seasons are objectively identified that deviate strongly from a running-mean climatology and that we define as extreme seasons. Given the strongly varying surface conditions in the Arctic, this analysis is done separately in Arctic sub-regions that are climatologically characterized by either sea ice, open ocean or mixed conditions. Using ERA5 reanalyses for the years 1979–2018, our approach identifies two to three extreme seasons for each of winter, spring, summer and autumn, with strongly differing characteristics and affecting different Arctic sub-regions. Two extreme winters affecting the Kara and Barents seas are selected for a detailed investigation of their substructure, the role of synoptic-scale weather systems, and potential preconditioning by anomalous sea ice extent and/or sea surface temperature at the beginning of the season. Winter 2011/12 started with average sea ice coverage and was characterized by constantly above-average temperatures during the season related mainly to frequent warm air advection by quasi-stationary cyclones in the Nordic Seas. In contrast, winter 2016/17 started with reduced sea ice and enhanced sea surface temperatures in the Kara and Barents seas, which, together with increased frequencies of cold air outbreaks and cyclones, led to large upward surface heat flux anomalies and strongly increased precipitation during this extreme season. In summary, this study shows that extreme seasonal conditions in the Arctic are spatially heterogeneous, related to different near-surface parameters and caused by different synoptic-scale weather systems, potentially in combination with surface preconditioning due to anomalous ocean and sea ice conditions at the beginning of the season. The framework developed in this study and the insight gained from analyzing the ERA5 period will be beneficial for addressing the effects of global warming on Arctic extreme seasons.
БОПСАЛАУ ЖОЛЫМЕН ПАРА АЛУДЫ САРАЛАУ МӘСЕЛЕЛЕРІ
Authors: СЕЙТХОЖИН Булат , ОНГАРОВА Гульжан , ОРЫНБЕКОВ Алмас 
Published: January 2022

В настоящей статье рассмотрены теоретические вопросы квалификации получения взятки путем вымогательства, предусмотренные пунктом 1 ч.3 ст.366 Уголовного кодекса РК от 3 июля 2014г. Указан ряд авторов, занимающихся исследованием данной проблемы в Казахстане. На основе нерешенных проблем, авторами выдвигается предложение, направленное на совершенствование национального антикоррупционного и уголовного законодательства
Осы мақалада 2014 жылғы 3 шілдедегі ҚР Қылмыстық кодексінің 366-бабы 3-бөлігінің 1-тармағында көзделген бопсалау жолымен пара алуды саралаудың теориялық мәселелері қаралды. Қазақстанда осы мәселені зерттеумен айналысатын бірқатар авторлар көрсетілген. Шешілмеген мәселелердің негізінде авторлар ұлттық сыбайлас жемқорлыққа қарсы және қылмыстық заңнаманы жетілдіруге бағытталған ұсыныс жасайды
This article discusses the theoretical issues of the qualification of receiving a bribe by extortion, provided for in paragraph 1 of Part 3 of Article 366 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated July 3, 2014. A number of authors engaged in the study of this problem in Kazakhstan are indicated. Based on the unsolved problems, the authors put forward a proposal aimed at improving the national anti-corruption and criminal legislation
ЕСІРТКІ САЛАСЫНДАҒЫ ӘЙЕЛДЕР ҚЫЛМЫСЫНЫҢ ҰҒЫМЫ ЖӘНЕ МӘНІ
Authors: FETKULOV Alikzhan , PUPYSHEVA Tatyana 
Published: January 2022

This article provides a criminological characteristic of female narcotism in Kazakhstan. The system of measures for the prevention of female narcotism, approaches to the management of crime prevention and its main parameters, which together have a negative impact on the state and development of the drug situation in the country, are considered. Conducted targeted research on the problems of female narcotism, its criminological, legal and organizational aspects.Based on these studies, it is possible to predict the drug situation in the republic in order to outline the most effective methods of prevention and tactics of countering female drug crime in the future. Own understanding of narcotism and female narcotism is given
Осы мақалада Қазақстандағы әйел есірткісінің криминологиялық сипаттамасы берілген. Әйелдер есірткісінің алдыналу шараларының жүйесі, құқық бұзушылықтардың алдыналуды басқару тәсілдері және оның жиынтықта елдегі есірткі ахуалының жай-күйімен дамуына теріс әсер ететін негізгі параметрлері қаралады. Әйел есірткісі проблемаларына, оның криминологиялық, құқықтық және ұйымдастырушылық аспектілеріне мақсатты зерттеулер жүргізілді. Осы зерттеулерге сүйене отырып, болашақта әйелдердің есірткі қылмысының алдын-алудың тиімді әдістерімен тактикасын анықтау үшін республикадағы есірткі жағдайын болжауға болады. Беріледі, өз түсіну наркотизму және әйелдер наркотизму
В настоящей статье дается криминологическая характеристика женского наркотизма в Казахстане. Рассматривается система мер предупреждения женского наркотизма, подходы к управлению профилактикой правонарушений и его основные параметры, которые в совокупности оказывают негативное влияние на состояние и развитие наркоситуации в стране. Проведены целевые исследования проблем женского наркотизма, ее криминологических, правовых и организационных аспектов.Исходя из данных исследований можно спрогнозировать наркоситуацию в республике, чтобы наметить наиболее эффективные методы профилактики и тактику противодействия женской наркопреступности в будущем. Дается собственное понимание наркотизму и женскому наркотизму
Meningkatkan Aktivitas dan Prestasi Belajar Siswa Kelas VII SMPN 2 Madapangga Materi Pokok Persegi dan Persegi Panjang melalui Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe STAD dengn Bantuan Alat Peraga
Authors: Mikrayanti Mikrayanti , Sriaryaningsih Sriaryaningsih , Sari Nila , Ramadan Sahril , Awalia Miftahul 
Published: January 2022

Latar belakang penelitian ini adalah rendahnya prestasi belajar siswa kelas VIIA SMPN 2 Madapangga disebabkan pembelajaran oleh guru tanpa menggunakan media pembelajaran sehinngga siswa mengalami kesulitan, kurang bersemangat, dan kurang termotivasi dalaam proses pembelajaran. Oleh karena itu agar proses pembelajaran berjalan dengn lancar maka diperlukan media pembelajaran yaang melibatkan siswa secara aktif dalaam proses pembelajaran. Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut, dilakukan penelitian dengn menggunakan alat peraga yaitu sebagai alat bantu untuk menciptakan proses belajar mengajar yaang efektif. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan aktivitas dan prestasi belajar melalui penggunaan alat peraga. Penelitian dilaksanakan dengn prosedur penelitian tindakan kelas yaang dilaksanakan dalaam dua siklus. Dari hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan aktivitas dan prestasi belajar siswa kelas VIIA dengn akltivitas belajar siswa siklus 1 pada pertemuan 1 dan 2 bertutut-turut sebesar 14,9 (aktif) dan 17 (sangat aktif) dan pada siklus II pertemuan 1 dan 2 berturut-turut sebesar 17,5 (sangat aktif) dan 17,7 (sangat aktif). Sedangkan untuk prestasi belajar siswa , persentasi ketuntasan klasikal 63,64% pada siklus I dan 90,91% pada siklus II. Nilai ini sudah memenuhi kriteria sesuai dengn indikator penelitian yaitu adanya peningkatan aktivitas dan prestasi belajar siswa kelas VIIA, sehinngga dapat disimpulkan bahwa dengn penggunaan alat peraga dapat meningkatkan aktivitas dan prestasi belajar siswa pada materi pokok himpunan kelas VIIA SMPN 2 Madapangga tahun pelajaran 2018/2019.
Até que ponto é inteligente a demanda por Inteligência Artificial?
Authors: Vítor Lellis Oliveira  
Published: January 2022

Este excerto tem por objetivo analisar as ameaças e riscos provenientes da não regulamentação da inteligência artificial e tecnologias autônomas. Foi utilizada como análise referencial central a aplicação das inovações tecnológicas nas áreas científicas e militar. Foram coletados dados de pesquisas da Microsoft, IBM e MIT. Também utilizou-se como objeto de análise a carta aberta assinada por mais de 1000 cientistas e especialistas em inteligência artificial na Conferência Internacional de Inteligência Artificial de 2015.

This excerpt aims to analyze the threats and risks arising from the non-regulation of artificial intelligence and autonomous technologies. Research data from Microsoft, IBM, and MIT were collected. The open letter signed by more than 1,000 scientists and artificial intelligence experts at the 2015 International Artificial Intelligence Conference was also used as the object of analysis.