bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microbiota composition and diversity of multiple body sites vary according to reproductive performance in a seabird
Authors: Leclaire Sarah , Pineaux Maxime , Blanchard Pierrick , White Joël , Hatch Scott A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe microbiota is suggested to be a fundamental contributor to host reproduction and survival, but associations between microbiota and fitness are rare, especially for wild animals. Here, we tested the association between microbiota and two proxies of breeding performance in multiple body sites of the black‐legged kittiwake, a seabird species. First we found that, in females, nonbreeders (i.e., birds that did not lay eggs) hosted different microbiota composition to that of breeders in neck and flank feathers, in the choanae, in the outer‐bill and in the cloacae, but not in preen feathers and tracheae. These differences in microbiota might reflect variations in age or individual quality between breeders and nonbreeders. Second, we found that better female breeders (i.e., with higher body condition, earlier laying date, heavier eggs, larger clutch, and higher hatching success) had lower abundance of severalCorynebacteriaceaein cloaca than poorer female breeders, suggesting that these bacteria might be pathogenic. Third, in females, better breeders had different microbiota composition and lower microbiota diversity in feathers, especially in preen feathers. They had also reduced dispersion in microbiota composition across body sites. These results might suggest that good breeding females are able to control their feather microbiota—potentially through preen secretions—more tightly than poor breeding females. We did not find strong evidence for an association between reproductive outcome and microbiota in males. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that natural variation in the microbiota is associated with differences in host fitness in wild animals, but the causal relationships remain to be investigated.
McvR, a single domain response regulator regulates motility and virulence in the plant pathogen Xanthomonas campestris
Authors: Li Rui‐Fang , Ren Pei‐Dong , Liu Qian‐Qian , Yao Jia‐Li , Wu Liu , Zhu Gui‐Ning , Xian Xiao‐Yong , Tang Ji‐Liang , Lu Guang‐Tao 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSignal transduction pathways mediated by sensor histidine kinases and cognate response regulators control a variety of physiological processes in response to environmental conditions in most bacteria. Comparatively little is known about the mechanism(s) by which single‐domain response regulators (SD‐RRs), which lack a dedicated output domain but harbour a phosphoryl receiver domain, exert their various regulatory effects in bacteria. Here we have examined the role of the SD‐RR proteins encoded by the phytopathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc). We describe the identification and characterization of a SD‐RR protein named McvR (motility, chemotaxis, and virulence‐related response regulator) that is required for virulence and motility regulation in Xcc. Deletion of the mcvR open reading frame caused reduced motility, chemotactic movement, and virulence in Xcc. Global transcriptome analyses revealed the McvR had a broad regulatory role and that most motility and pathogenicity genes were down‐regulated in the mcvR mutant. Bacterial two‐hybrid and protein pull‐down assays revealed that McvR did not physically interact with components of the bacterial flagellum but interacts with other SD‐RR proteins (like CheY) and the subset of DNA‐binding proteins involved in gene regulation. Site‐directed mutagenesis and phosphor‐transfer experiments revealed that the aspartyl residue at position 55 of the receiver domain is important for phosphorylation and the regulatory activity of McvR protein. Taken together, the findings describe a previously unrecognized class of SD‐RR protein that contributes to the regulation of motility and virulence in Xcc.
The severity of behavioural symptoms in FTD is linked to the loss of GABRQ‐expressing VENs and pyramidal neurons
Authors: Gami‐Patel Priya , Scarioni Marta , Bouwman Femke H. , Boon Baayla D. C. , van Swieten John C. , Brain Bank Netherlands , Rozemuller Annemieke J. M. , Smit August B. , Pijnenburg Yolande A. L. , Hoozemans Jeroen J. M. , Dijkstra Anke A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimsThe loss of von Economo neurons (VENs) and GABA receptor subunit theta (GABRQ) containing neurons is linked to early changes in social–emotional cognition and is seen in frontotemporal dementia (FTD) due to C9orf72 repeat expansion. We investigate the vulnerability of VENs and GABRQ‐expressing neurons in sporadic and genetic forms of FTD with different underlying molecular pathology and their association with the presence and severity of behavioural symptoms.MethodsWe quantified VENs and GABRQ‐immunopositive neurons in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in FTD with underlying TDP43 (FTLD‐TDP) (n = 34), tau (FTLD‐tau) (n = 24) or FUS (FTLD‐FUS) (n = 8) pathology, neurologically healthy controls (n = 12) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) (n = 7). Second, we quantified VENs and the GABRQ‐expressing population in relation to presence of behavioural symptoms in the first years of disease onset.ResultsThe number of VENs and GABRQ‐expressing neurons and the ratio of VENs and GABRQ‐expressing neurons over total Layer 5 neuronal population decreased in FTLD‐TDP and FTLD‐FUS, but not in FTLD‐tau, compared to control and AD. The severity of early behavioural symptoms in all donors correlated with a lower VEN and GABRQ neuronal count.ConclusionWe show that in FTD, a loss of VENs together with GABRQ‐expressing pyramidal neurons is associated with TDP43 and FUS pathology. No significant loss was found in donors with FTLD‐tau pathology; however, this could be due to the specific MAPT mutation studied and small sporadic FTLD‐tau sample size. Overall, we show the GABRQ‐expressing population correlates with behavioural changes and suggest they are key in modulating behaviour in FTD.
The case for comparability
Authors: Dorr Cian , Nebel Jacob M. , Zuehl Jake 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe argue that all comparative expressions in natural language obey a principle that we call Comparability: if and are at least as as themselves, then either is at least as as or is at least as as . This principle has been widely rejected among philosophers, especially by ethicists, and its falsity has been claimed to have important normative implications. We argue that Comparability is needed to explain the goodness of several patterns of inference that seem manifestly valid, that the purported failures of Comparability would have absurd consequences, and that the influential arguments against Comparability are less compelling than they may have initially seemed.
Dimerization of PtrMYB074 and PtrWRKY19 mediates transcriptional activation of PtrbHLH186 for secondary xylem development in Populus trichocarpa
Authors: Liu Huizi , Gao Jinghui , Sun Jiatong , Li Shuang , Zhang Baofeng , Wang Zhuwen , Zhou Chenguang , Sulis Daniel Barletta , Wang Jack P. , Chiang Vincent L. , Li Wei 
Published: February 2022

Summary

Wood formation is controlled by transcriptional regulatory networks (TRNs) involving regulatory homeostasis determined by combinations of transcription factor (TF)–DNA and TF–TF interactions. Functions of TF–TF interactions in wood formation are still in the early stages of identification.

PtrMYB074 is a woody dicot‐specific TF in a TRN for wood formation in Populus trichocarpa. Here, using yeast two‐hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation, we conducted a genome‐wide screening for PtrMYB074 interactors and identified 54 PtrMYB074‐TF pairs. Of these pairs, 53 are novel.

We focused on the PtrMYB074‐PtrWRKY19 pair, the most highly expressed and xylem‐specific interactor, and its direct transregulatory target, PtrbHLH186, the xylem‐specific one of the pair's only two direct TF target genes. Using transient and CRISPR‐mediated transgenesis in P. trichocarpa coupled with chromatin immunoprecipitation and electrophoretic mobility shift assays, we demonstrated that PtrMYB074 is recruited by PtrWRKY19 and that the PtrMYB074‐PtrWRKY19 dimers are required to transactive PtrbHLH186. Overexpressing PtrbHLH186 in P. trichocarpa resulted in retarded plant growth, increased guaiacyl lignin, a higher proportion of smaller stem vessels and strong drought‐tolerant phenotypes.

Knowledge of the PtrMYB074‐PtrWRKY19‐PtrbHLH186 regulation may help design genetic controls of optimal growth and wood formation to maximize beneficial wood properties while minimizing negative effects on growth.
LncRNA HOXD‐AS1 promotes oral squamous cell carcinoma by sponging miR‐203a‐5p
Authors: Zhang Yuchao , Wang Feng , Yu Yang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveIn the present study, we aimed to explore lncRNA HOXD cluster antisense RNA 1 (HOXD‐AS1) expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) tissues, its biological roles, and the underlying potential mechanisms in OSCC progression.Materials and MethodsHOXD‐AS1 expression in paired OSCC and non‐tumor tissues from 60 OSCC patients was determined by RT‐qPCR. The effects of HOXD‐AS1 and miR‐203a‐5p overexpression on expression of Annexin A4, a validated target of miR‐203a‐5p, were analyzed by RT‐qPCR and Western blot. The roles of HOXD‐AS1, miR‐203a‐5p, and Annexin A4 in the invasion and migration of OSCC cells were analyzed by Transwell assays.ResultsHOXD‐AS1 overexpression in OSCC predicted poor survival. HOXD‐AS1 was predicted to interact with miR‐203a‐5p, but its expression was not significantly correlated with miR‐203a‐5p. HOXD‐AS1 overexpression increased Annexin A4 expression, while miR‐203a‐5p overexpression decreased Annexin A4 expression in OSCC cells. Transwell assays showed that invasion and migration of OSCC cells were enhanced by HOXD‐AS1 and Annexin A4 overexpression but were reduced by miR‐203a‐5p overexpression. In addition, miR‐203a‐5p overexpression suppressed the role of HOXD‐AS1 in cell movement and Annexin A4 expression.ConclusionsHOXD‐AS1 may upregulate Annexin A4 by sponging miR‐203a‐5p in OSCC to promote cancer cell invasion and migration.
What recent evidence exists to support the use of platelet‐rich fibrin in clinical dentistry? A systematic literature review
Authors: Savva Luke Connor 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundPlatelet‐rich fibrin (PRF) is a second‐generation platelet concentrate and biomaterial with multiple applications in clinical dentistry. Recent developments in the production of PRF have resulted in several divergent protocols that could be seen to affect the reproducibility and generalisability of the available literature. Additionally, imprecise reporting on PRF production is a further confounding factor with respect to previous trial data.AimsThe primary aim of this review was to assess the recent clinical trial data relating to the use of PRF, irrespective of centrifugal protocol, in clinical dentistry.MethodsA systematic literature review was carried out in PubMed and the Cochrane Library databases to select English language, human clinical trials involving the use of PRF published between July 2018 and July 2021.ResultsThe 50 included studies demonstrated an overall clinical benefit for the use of PRF in the fields of oral medicine, oral surgery and periodontology, with unclear benefits in the field of endodontology, and no clear benefit in the field of orthodontics. Only 16% of the included studies met published standards for reporting PRF production protocols, and meeting such standards should be an essential requirement for future publications.ConclusionsThere was little direct evidence to support one particular PRF protocol over another and this remains an area of controversy. Future research should focus on precise reporting of PRF protocols, and in areas where PRF is of known benefit, the use of different production methods should be compared to assess what, if any, clinical significance is attached to particular centrifugation protocols and tubes.
The inducibility and focus of atrial fibrillation after ablation in patients with tachycardia‐induced heart failure
Authors: Koike Hideki , Fujino Tadashi , Wada Ryo , Yao Shintaro , Akitsu Katsuya , Shinohara Masaya , Kinoshita Toshio , Yuzawa Hitomi , Ikeda Takanori 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe inducibility of atrial fibrillation (AF) and incidence of nonpulmonary vein (nonPV) triggers in patients with heart failure (HF) have not been elucidated. Furthermore, the relationship between AF triggers and the change in the left ventricular (LV) function after catheter ablation (CA) remains unclear.MethodsA total of 101 consecutive patients with a history of HF due to tachycardia who underwent CA of AF were prospectively enrolled (64.8 ± 10.7 years, male 72.3%, and paroxysmal AF 15.8%). According to the AF inducibility by isoproterenol (ISP), the patients were divided into two groups: inducible AF (66.3%) and noninducible AF (33.7%). Furthermore, inducible AF was categorized into a PV type (61.2%) and nonPV type (38.8%). This study investigated the AF recurrence and change in the LV ejection fraction (LVEF) after CA.ResultsAF recurred in 35 patients (34.7%) during the follow‐up period (41.6 ± 26.8 months). Kaplan–Meier curves showed that patients with noninducible AF had just as bad an AF recurrence rate as those with the nonPV type. Cox proportional hazards models also revealed that noninducible AF (Hazard‐ratio, 5.74; 95% CI, 1.81–18.13) was associated with a higher risk of recurrence. The LVEF significantly improved after the CA (from 49.1 ± 16.3% to 67.0 ± 7.9%). However, the nonPV type was associated with a lower improvement in the LVEF (Odds‐ratio, 0.18; 95% CI, 0.05–0.70).ConclusionThe AF inducibility was associated with AF recurrence. Furthermore, the nonPV triggers were associated with a lesser improvement in the LVEF. Confirming the AF inducibility and triggers was important to predict the outcome after CA.
Precordial Doppler to assess vascular access in children: A preliminary report
Authors: Hirayama Yuji , Hozumi Takunori , Aoki Satoshi , Kojima Taiki 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundDelayed identification and dysfunction of peripheral intravenous (PIV) infiltration can lead to serious injury in children. This preliminary study aimed to describe the application of precordial Doppler ultrasound to detect and confirm the correct PIV access in children with congenital heart disease (CHD).MethodsThis study was conducted on children (<18 years) diagnosed with CHD and admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of a single center after cardiac surgery or cardiac catheterization between February 2020 and May 2021. Three raters judged the precordial Doppler sound change (S test) after injection of 0.5 mL/kg of normal saline (NS) through the PIV access. Blood‐flow velocities before and after the NS injection were recorded and the accuracy of detecting PIV catheter infiltration and dysfunction was analyzed (V test).ResultsThe overall incidence of PIV infiltration and dysfunction was in 3 out of 103 patients (2.9%). The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve were 3 out of 3 [100%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 29.2–100], 86 out of 100 (86%, 95% CI: 77.6%–92.1), 7.1, 0.0, and 0.93, respectively, in the S test and they were 2 out of 3 (66.7%, 95% CI: 9.4%–99.2), 94 out of 100 (94.0%, 95% CI: 87.4%–7.8%), 11.1, 0.36, and 0.80, respectively in the V test.ConclusionsPrecordial Doppler ultrasound was a feasible and accurate technique for confirming correct PIV access in children with CHD; however, a larger, prospective investigation is necessary to examine its diagnostic accuracy.
Global systemic risk and resilience for novel coronavirus in postpandemic era
Authors: Wu Desheng Dash , Mitchell Jade , Lambert James H. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe ongoing pandemic has evolved and is posing diverse challenges for the world. Countermeasures for risks are needed to address both direct and indirect effects of disease on the healthcare system, economic and industrial sectors, governance, environment, transportation, energy, and communication systems. There are indicators of a forthcoming postpandemic era. The rethinking and reevaluation of policies adopted throughout the pandemic are ongoing to address cascading threats of emerging and reemerging infectious diseases. The first Special Issue introduced the topic. This second Special Issue describes international collaboration and innovation for pandemic risk and resilience, with a focus on future policy and operations of global systems toward a postandemic era.
Cross‐cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the Indonesian version of theory of planned behavior questionnaire to measure dental attendance of children with hearing loss: A pilot study
Authors: Utami Marina , Setiawati Febriana , Ahmad Mas Suryalis , Adiatman Melissa 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimsTo translate and evaluate the validity and reliability of the Indonesian version of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) questionnaire concerning mother's behavior related to children's dental attendance.Methods and resultsThe cross‐cultural adaptation was tested in mothers with children aged 5–12 years old who have hearing loss. The validity and reliability of the online questionnaire were measured among 31 mothers of children with hearing loss in communities and Special School for Children with Hearing Loss in several regions in Indonesia. All indicators of attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavior control (PBC) on mothers’ behavior towards children's attendance was valid (p < .05). The overall Cronbach's alpha of the questionnaire for internal consistency was 0.773. The test‐retest reliability results were based on repeated administration in the same participant mother, measured at one‐week interval; the interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was 0.903.ConclusionThe Indonesian version of the TPB questionnaire concerning mother's behavior related to children's oral health has shown adequate validity and reliability for investigating the dental attendance of children with hearing loss.
High‐dose‐rate remote brachytherapy for metachronous second primary carcinoma of soft palate by iridium 192 isotope in an afterload surface mold
Authors: P Nallaiah Venkatraman , Jain Veena , Sharma DN , Koli Dheeraj Kumar , Nanda Aditi , Thimmarayappa Arun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractConservative management of metachronous second primary carcinoma of head and neck is preferred in order to preserve form and function. The purpose of the case report is to describe the treatment of metachronous second primary carcinoma of soft palate by high‐dose‐rate, remote, afterload brachytherapy. The brachytherapy was done in remote settings by afterloading Iridium 192 isotope carried through a custom fabricated surface mold. The mold enabled good adaptation, stability, and repeatable positioning of the radiation source at each treatment session of fractionated brachytherapy offering consistent dosimetric advantage through a single dosimetry calculation. Collaborative efforts of radiation oncologist and prosthodontist ensured conservative treatment in outpatient set up with minimal adverse effects.
Detached or devotee? Medical students and research
Authors: Fisher James , Rothwell Charlotte 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionMedical students frequently participate in medical education research, yet their ready availability may render them vulnerable to coercion. We undertook a phenomenological exploration of medical students' experiences of participating in medical education research drawing on Pierre Bourdieu's theory of practice. Our research questions were: How do medical students perceive their role within medical education research? Why do medical students participate? What aspects of their involvement do medical students consider to be beneficial?MethodsParticipants were year 3–5 Newcastle University MBBS students who had previously participated in medical education research. Eight participants were recruited—all provided informed, written consent. Data collection was via in depth semi‐structured telephone interviews. Findings were interpreted using Bourdieu's Theory of Practice. Thematic analysis was performed iteratively, employing constant comparison throughout. The interview schedule was modified after five interviews to facilitate exploration of recurring themes of interest.ResultsAlthough students enjoyed contributing and felt a sense of well‐being afterwards, there was uncertainty about their roles, with some considering themselves ‘guinea pigs’. An unexpected finding was that students had designed and delivered medical education research, which influenced their participation in research. There was a perception of ‘research fatigue’, particularly around examination periods. Non‐participation was uncommon, but students, wishing to maintain valued relationships with senior colleagues, a form of capital, sometimes exhibited participation ‘by default’.DiscussionThese findings enabled local reflection on the student experience of medical education research. Local processes were implemented and adapted to enhance the consent process. Our findings should prompt medical educationalists to reflect on recruitment processes for projects involving their students, as well as considering strategies to enhance student autonomy.
Between paranoia and possibility: Diverse economies and the decolonial imperative
Authors: Naylor Lindsay , Thayer Nathan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHere we reflect on diverse economies scholarship following Gibson‐Graham's call to adopt performative practices for other worlds. Urging scholars to move from paranoia to possibility through weak theory methodology, their call provided momentum for work on economic difference that sustained critiques of capitalocentrism launched in 1996. In this clarion call to read for difference and possibility, a diverse economies framing facilitated a wholesale rejection of strong theory and paranoia. As a subdiscipline in the making, diverse economies scholars are challenged and critiqued as we seek to develop the framework and apply it to economic activities that exist within, alongside, and outside capitalism. Creating the language of diverse economies is continuous; here we consider a geopolitics of knowledge production in reading economic practice for difference, challenging the disuse of strong theory. We argue for deeper engagement with the power imbalances present in building liveable worlds, putting diverse economies and decolonial theory in conversation to address power and strike a balance between paranoia and possibility.