bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rice growth phase analysis in Pidie regency, Indonesia using multitemporal Sentinel-2 image data: a spectral angle mapper approach
Authors: Lisviananda N , Sugianto S , Rusdi M 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Remote sensing data provides fast and relatively accurate information to retrieve the plant growth phase using spectral analysis. Spectral analysis of plants is the critical point of identifying the stages of rice growth using Sentinel-2 data. Sentinel-2 satellite images were utilized for this study. This study aims to analyze the growth phase of rice in Pidie regency, Aceh Province, Indonesia, as a sample area of the rice-growing site. The Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) approach was performed to describe the plant growth stages. The results show variations in the rice growth phase across the study area for 2019, 2020, and 2021 growing seasons from vegetative, generative, wet fallow, and dry fallow. The most extensive vegetative phase is for April 2021 data, counting for 1,278.16 Ha. The most extensive generative phase was identified of June 2020 data, counting for 1,107.55 Ha. For wet fallow, counting for 949,30 Ha is the largest in this category. A total of 1,311.94 Ha of dry fallow is identified in 2019. The different growth phases and the total area for different years indicate variation in starting for the growing season of the sample location. In this paper, multitemporal Sentinel-2 data analyzed with the SAM approach has demonstrated identifying rice-growing season phases. This finding can help predict the total area along the year for a change of the pattern of the rice-growing season in the last three years of the study area.
Urban forest carbon stock and biodiversity assesment at Nagan Raya Regency
Authors: Subhan  , Anhar A , Muslih A M , Ar-Rasyid U H , Maimunah S , Nasution A A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Urban forest at Nagan Raya Regency is located in the central government and becomes a green open space that provides many benefits both directly and indirectly for the entire community in the region. Nagan Raya urban forest has various types of trees that usually found in low land mineral soil, such as Vitex pubescens locally known as Mane and Artocarpus blumei locally known as Tarap. Besides, the urban forest of nagan raya has become the habitat of several species of primates, reptiles and birds. In order to calculate the carbon stock of Nagan Raya urban forest, we use the “carbon calculator” tool developed by Michigan State University. By using nested plot of 5 m x 5 m for pile (small tree) category; 10 m x 10 m plot for pole (medium tree) category and 20 m x 20 m plot for tree category. With 12 total plots that are systematically spread throughout Nagan Raya urban forest. Averagely, carbon stock at Nagan Raya urban forest is 353,72 tCha-1. Naturally, trees in the climax condition tend to have less increment and will rotten. We suggest that maintenance and replanting of Nagan Raya urban forest is necessary to replace plants that have entered the category of “old” or low increment with made regeneration types to optimize the function of Nagan Raya urban forest as one of the buffer systems for the urban community.
Influence of Syzygium cumini extract as feed additives on performance and haematological parameters of commercial broiler chickens
Authors: Samadi  , Wajizah S , Tarman A , Ilham  , Wahyudi I 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Phytogenies have been widely used as alternative feed additives to replace antibiotics in animal production. The present study aims to evaluate inclusion of S. cumini extract as feed additives on performance and haematological parameters of commercial broiler chickens. A total of 100-day-old commercial chickens (mixed sex) were randomly allocated to four treatments with five replicates. Each treatment was administrated different level of S. cumini extract in the drinking water (P0=control, P1=0.25 g/l drinking water, P2=0.50 g/l drinking water and P3=1.0 g/l drinking water). Commercial diet was provided during experiment based on nutrition requirement for starter and grower. Water and feed were given ad libitum. Data were collected to measure broiler performances and haematological parameters. One way ANOVA was applied in this study and significantly different among treatments were stated (P≥0.05). The results indicated that inclusion of S.cumini extract as feed additives in drinking water did not significantly affected (P>0.05) on animal performances and haematological parameters of commercial broiler chickens. Therefore, it concluded that S.cumini extract can be applied as alternative feed additive due to no negative effects of the S.cumini iextract on performances and haematological parameters.
Analytical hierarchy process in determining the location of the cascara industry in Aceh Tengah District
Authors: Zuhra N H , Yusriana  , Muzaifa M 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Choosing the right industry location is an important thing in the business planning process. Cascara industry is one of activity that produces a new product of coffee tree such as a pulp coffee berry. This Industry has the potential to be developed. Processing waste pulp coffee cascara products such as cascara tea is expected to add higher value to pulp coffee. Building the new cascara industry in Aceh Tengah District needs a good strategy to choose the right location for the industry. One method that can be used to analyse this aspect is the method Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Determination of the location of the cascara industry in Aceh Tengah District uses several criteria, namely the potential for cascara production, human resources, transportation access, and infrastructure availability. While the alternative locations chosen for the establishments of the cascara industry are Bebesen Sub district, Kebayakan Sub district, and Pegasing Sub district. According to the result of research, the best alternative location of raw material and infrastructure availability for the establishment of the cascara industry is Pegasing Sub districts with the weight of around 0.399.
The effect of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, benzyl amino purin and cupric sulphate on in vitro propagation system from shoot apices of shoot tiller of hybrid Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum)
Authors: Umami N , Rahayu E R V , Suhartanto B , Suseno N 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
An efficient micropropagation method of hybrid Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureumn Schum) for in vitro plant production and material breeding was established from multiple-shoot clumps (MCS) regeneration system. This system was important for forage breeding system. Shoot apices from shoot-tillers produced MSC on Murashige-Skoog (MS) induction medium containing several combinations of BAP and 2,4-D in induction stage. The addition of 5 μM (v/v) and 50 μM (v/v) CuSO4 were added in best medium for inoculation to proliferate the clump in proliferation/multiplication stage. Plant regeneration was achieved by culturing on solid MS with several combination of medium containing NAA and BAP in regeneration stage. The best results for induction were Murashige-Skoog (MS) induction medium containing 2 mgL−1 BAP and 0.1 mgL−1 2,4-D. The proliferation stage on MS medium containing 5 μM CuSÜ4 effective for proliferation (50% multiple shoot formation). The regeneration stage using 0.1 mgL−1 NAA and 2.0 mgL−1 BAP (51.6% number of shoot can regenerate). All plantlets were successfully grown up in an acclimatization stage. Based on the results, the hybrid Napier grass regeneration via MSC was a stable tissue culture system (no albino plats), which could be applied either for further genetic transformation assay or for alternative supply of nursery plant in the future.
Inventory of Dryobalanops aromatica Gaertn. in Lae Kombih Forest Park Area, Subulussalam
Authors: Muslih A M , Manalu Y H B , Arlita T , Moulana R , Anhar A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Dryobalanops aromatica Gaertn. is a plant that grows in the tropical rain forests of western Indonesia which is categorized as a valuable timber tree. Dryobalanops aromatica Gaertn is a plant that is categorized as a valuable timber tree. Dryobalanops aromatica Gaertn also known as the camphor tree, lime or Sumatran camphor, this tree can grow to a height of 60 m with an average trunk diameter of 9 m. Camphor tree is a plant species belonging to the Dipterocarpaceae family which has several advantages because its tree trunk can produce a variety of high economic value commodities such as camphor, balsamic acid, resin, essential oil, beams, poles, roof construction and boards in residential buildings. The method used for the inventory of rare plants is done by using the method of vegetation analysis, the parameters in this study were the type, number, diameter and height of the Dryobalanops aromatica Gaertn. tree. Vegetation analysis was carried out by plotting 13 plots, each sample plot measuring 20 m x 20 m. The sample used is a total sample using a random sampling system method, the sampling chossen by exploring the area of the Tahura Lae Kombih area where the Dryobalanops aromatica Gaertn is located. The results shows that the plant species were found starting from the seedling, sapling, pole and tree levels. The most dominant species in this area is Dryobalanops aromatica Gaertn that has Important Value Indeks of seedling 163%, Sapling 270%, Pole 283% and Tree 216%.
Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRS) detection to differentiate morning and afternoon milk based on nutrient contents and fatty acid profiles
Authors: Oktavianti B P , Despal  , Toharmat T , Rofiah N , Zahera R 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Milking time is one of the factors that affect milk quality. The objective of this study was to differentiate morning milk from afternoon based on milk fatty acid profile and create a prediction model using Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRS). This study used explorative research and post-observation analysis. Milk sampling was collected from three different dairy farm locations in West Java Provinces (Pangalengan district of Bandung Regency, Cibungbulang District of Bogor Regency, and Tanah Sareal District of Bogor Municipality). Milk quality observed in this study included milk fat, protein, lactose, solid non-fat (SNF), and fatty acid compositions. Milk fat, protein, lactose, and SNF were analyzed using Lactoscan. Fatty acid compositions were identified using gas chromatography (GC). Sample spectrums were collected using NIRSflex 500. The difference between morning and afternoon milking was tested using a t-test carried out by SPSS ver. 25. Qualitative calibration of milk quality was conducted using NIRSCal v5.6 by applying the cluster (CLU) method. The results from lactoscan and GC showed that milk fat, caprylic acid, and myristoleic acid, and total SFA were significantly different (Sig. (2-tailed) < 0.05) in morning and afternoon milk. However, NIRS failed to generate a sophisticated model for the milk quality differentiation, which shows a low Q-value (0.0011231). The quantitative analysis accurately produced milk fat and total SFA predictions but failed to accurately predict caprylic acid and myristoleic acid. This study concluded that morning milk could be differentiated from afternoon milk based on milk fat, caprylic acid, myristoleic acid, and total SFA content. The NIRS technology can differentiate between morning and afternoon milk based on quantitative calibration of total fat and SFA.
Study of C/N ratio of organic materials and its application in the production of natural fertilizer (bokashi)
Authors: Fauzan F , Fadhil M , Irfan I , Yunita D , Erika C , Lahmer R A 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBokashi is an organic fertilizer made from organic materials through fermentation process. A high quality bokashi should have C/N ratio between 10-20, which normally produced from a mix raw organic material with has C/N ratio of 30. However, many studies have shown a composition of raw organic material without a calculation of C/N ratio. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to gather the initial C/N ratio of various raw material from previous published studies, calculate the C/N ratio, and examine the descriptive characteristic (colour, aroma, and texture) of bokashi made from three selected C/N ratios of raw material (30, 70, and 110) and various length of fermentation (10, 17, and 24 days). This research combined literature reviews and laboratory experimental. For laboratory experimental, Complete Randomise Design (CRD) was applied. The result showed that all bokashi produced from raw material mixture with the C/N ratio up to 110 was still acceptable to be directly applied as a fertilizer. Bokashi produced with longer fermentation time had better texture but lower aroma and colour quality.
Agricultural products quality determination by means of near infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Munawar A A , Zulfahrizal Z , Hayati R , Syahrul  
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Cocoa is one of main agricultural products cultivated in many tropical countries and processed onto several derivative products. To determine cocoa beans qualities, laboratory procedures based on solvent extractions were mainly used, however most of them are destructive and may cause environmental pollutions. The main purpose of this present study is to employ near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) for rapid and non-destructive assessment of cocoa beans in form of fat content. Near infrared spectral data of cocoa bean samples were measured as diffuse reflectance in wavelength range from 1000 to 2500 nm. Reference fat contents were measured using standard laboratory methods. Prediction models were developed using principal component regression with raw and baseline corrected spectra data. The results showed that fat contents of cocoa beans can be predicted and determined with maximum correlation coefficient (r) of 0.89 and ratio prediction to deviation (RPD) index of 2.87 for raw spectra and r of 0.91, RPD of 3.18 for baseline spectra correction. It may conclude that NIRS was feasible to be applied as a rapid and non-destructive method for cocoa bean quality assessment.
Residual post fire strength of non-prismatic perforated beams
Authors: Abdulkareem Bashar F. , Izzet Amer F. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The main aim of this study is to assess the performance and residual strength of post-fire non-prismatic reinforced concrete beams (NPRC) with and without openings. To do this, nine beams were cast and divided into three major groupings. These groups were classified based on the degrees of heating exposure temperature chosen (ambient, 400, and 700°C), with each group containing three non-prismatic beams (solid, 8 trapezoidal openings, and 8 circular openings). Experimentally, given the same beam geometry, increasing burning temperature caused degradation in NPRC beams, which was reflected in increased mid-span deflection throughout the fire exposure period and also residual deflection after cooling. But on the other hand, the issue with existing openings was exacerbated. The burned NPRC beams were then gradually cooled down by leaving them at ambient temperature in the laboratory, and the beams were loaded until failure to examine the effect of burning temperature degree on the residual ultimate load-carrying capacity of each beam by comparing them to unburned reference beams. It was found, increasing the exposure temperature leads to a reduction in ultimate strength about (5.7 and 10.84%) for solid NPRC beams exposed to 400 and 700°C, respectively related to unburned one, (21.13 -32.8) % for NPRC beams with eight trapezoidal openings, and (10.5 - 12.8) % for those having 8 circular openings. At higher loading stage the longitudinal compressive strain of Group ambient in mid-span of solid beams reach 2700 με, while the others with openings exhibit divergent strain higher than that, it’s about 3300 με meanwhile, the lower chord main reinforcements have been pass beyond yielding stress. Exposure to high temperatures reduces rafters’ stiffness causing a reduction in load carrying capacity, companion with premature failure consequently reduce the strain at the ultimate stage.
Alkali-Silica. Reaction Of Foamed. Concrete Containing. Waste Glass as Aggregate
Authors: Massekh Nawal B , Hillal Ameer A. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This research focused on examining Alkali-Silica. Reaction (ASR) of foamed concrete mixes containing1different1types of1crushed waste glass (CWG) with different chemical compositions. The reactivity was determined in sodium hydroxide solution by adopting mortar bar test. Four types of waste glass with different particle sizes and different percentages content were used. From the test results of recorded expansion of these mixes, it was noticed that the coarse glass resulted in more expansion than that of fine glass. Lead-silicate1glass (CR) exhibits the maximum expansion followed by1soda-lime1glass (SL) and boro-silicate glass (BS), while less expansion was recorded in mixes with green glass (GG). As compared to reference mix (FC), it was noted that the mixes with crushed waste glass (SL), (BS), and (CR) undergo notable expansion, while the expansion of the mixes with (GG) slightly increased compared to the reference mix (FC).
Improving the Properties of Polyurethane Foam by Adding Urea Powder
Authors: Saeed Ghazi K. , Hamdoon Nabhan Abdulkareem , Abass Sattar A. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Samples of pure polyurethane (polyol + isocyanate) were prepared as well as other samples by adding urea powder, and when adding urea powder, the flexibility and cohesion of polyurethane improved, as well as its thermal conductivity decreased and its density increased, as well as flame and fire resistance. The best ratio was 5g of urea for each 12cm3 polyurethane.
Effect of Laser Process on Microstructure and Fatigue Resistance of Steam Turbine Blade
Authors: Abdulwahab Zaman A. , Jafar Sami I. , Ajeel Sami A. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The steal turbine blades, operating in steam electricity production plants are subjected to periodic circular stresses that cause fatigue failure with the passage of time. The chemical composition so steam turbine blades show that is steel 52 it has a wide range of applications, mostly in welded construction, All kinds of welded construction, wind turbines, load-lifting equipment, platform components, cranes, bridge components, and structures. This research aims to study the microstructure of these turbine blades before and after the occurrence of fatigue, and for the purpose of improvement the fatigue resistance, the blades were treated with a laser and the amount of improvement in fatigue resistance was calculated and also the change in the microstructure after laser treatment was studied. The remelting process applied with this parameter Pulse energy = 8 joules, Pulse width = 4.5 Ms., Pulse frequency = 12 Hz, Laser Average Power = 96 W, Laser peak power = 1.78 KW. The results show, after remelting process the microstructure of the specimen is smooth and increase the cyclic of fatigue comparison with specimen without leaser remelting process. So, the fatigue resistance is increased.
Forecasting the Compressibility Parameters of Gypseous Soil using Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Al-Zubaidy Dunia S , Aljanabi Khalid R , Khaled Zeyad S M 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
To ensure safe design of structures against settlement, it is necessary to determine the compressibility parameters of the underneath soil especially compression and rebound indices. In this paper, an approach to forecast the compressibility parameters of gypseous soils based on index parameters was developed using Artificial Neural Networks technique. Two equations were developed to estimate compression and rebound indices using back propagation algorithm to train multi-layer perceptron, in which good agreements were achieved. The input parameters used were: the depth, gypsum content, liquid limit, plastic limit, plasticity index, passing sieve No.200, dry unit weight, water content and initial void ratio. Two output parameters were determined including compression index and rebound index. A parametric study was also conducted to investigate the generalization and robustness of both models. The findings indicate that both models were reliable within the range of utilized data. It was found that gypsum content has the highest effect on the compressibility index followed by water content, plasticity index, dry unit weight and plastic limit, while other parameters have lower effect. The gypsum content has the highest effect again on the rebound index followed by passing sieve No.200, initial void ratio, plastic limit and plasticity index, while other parameters have lower effect.
Strengthening Of Soft Soil Using Caboxymethyl Cellelouse Biopolymer
Authors: Abd Teba A , Fattah Mohammed Y , Aswad Mohammed F 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The application of appropriate chemicals is a widely used strategy for soil stabilization. The drive of this study is to determine the possibility of using the biopolymer carboxymethyl cellulose as an environmentally acceptable soil stabilizer. In this work, Atterberge limits tests, specific gravity, compaction, and consolidation tests were used to determine the engineering parameters of soils treated with varying amounts of biopolymer. Additionally, changes in the morphological properties of the soft soils were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was estimated that as the soil’s biopolymer content increases, the specific gravity drops down, though the optimum water content (OMC) is extended. The outcomes showed diverse effects on Atterberg’s limits by cumulative the liquid limit(LL) and plasticity index (PI) though decreasing the plastic limit as the bio-polymer content increases. By the addition in polymer gratified, the combination boundaries (Solidity index Cc and recompression index Cr) decline.
The Use of Weather Website Data for Construction Project Decision-Making in The Short Term
Authors: Mohammed Safaa S. , Kadhim Noor R. , Abdulrasool Abdulrasool Thamer , Al Shaikhli Hasan Ibrahim 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In most work sites, it is a priority to keep the work going well and to avoid unforeseen incidents. Fluctuations in weather conditions are one of the factors affecting the continuity of work in construction projects. Indeed, for example, the temperature is important in concrete and asphalt works, and wind speed is important in lifting and high construction works. Therefore, taking the appropriate decision, starting and completing the work, is very important to maintain the quality of the project. This research aims to demonstrate the reliability of short-term decision-making through data taken from the weather site five days before the time to work. The data was collected for a month, five days before the intended day and on the same day, day and night, for different weather factors by weather location such as temperature, humidity, possibility of rain, Uv index, wind speed. By analyzing the data, it was found that there was little difference in those predictors of all the factors recorded. To conclude at the end of the study that it is possible to rely on the decision-making on the weather location in small and medium projects, but in large and sensitive projects, they need to rely on more accurate data than relying on weather location data.