bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using LEXSY plasmids for sodb1 gene silencing in Leishmania tropica parasites
Authors: Alhraki Fatema , Kassouha Morshed , Soukkarieh Chadi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Genetic modifications and manipulations have topped the list of recent research, as they target the causes, not the results, and are currently considered one of the most powerful methodologies used to study the biology of the Leishmania parasites. These methods have expanded since the publication of the first study in which the genetic replacement of one of the Leishmania genes was done, which provided an opportunity to analyze and study the biology of the parasite genomically. In this study, the SODB1 gene was targeted by antisense RNA. This gene encodes one of the important enzymes in the infectivity of Leishmania tropica parasites within macrophages, which is the superoxide dismutase enzyme (SODB1).Methods: An inverted sequence of part of SODB1 ORF and 3’UTR were cloned in LEXSY plasmid, and after obtaining the silencing constructions, the Leishmania tropica parasites were transfected by electroporation. Western Blot analysis of SODB1 expression and the infectivity of these mutant parasites in human macrophages was studied and evaluated in comparison with a wild-type negative control and another control containing the GFP gene that codes for Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP).Results: The results showed that using LEXSY plasmids for SODB1 gene silencing was efficient and the knocking-down was clear forasmuch the decrease in both infectivity and parasite load in human macrophages in vitro. On the other hand, western blot analysis revealed a lower expression level of SODB1 in the mutant parasites than wild-type. The results were subjected to statistical analysis and the decreases in the infectivity and parasites load of the mutant parasites were very significant in comparison with the wild-type.Conclusion: Our study confirms the efficiency of the produced silencing system, and the importance of the SODB1 enzyme in the amastigote parasites’ ability to grow and survive within the host's macrophages despite the presence of many other SODs enzymes. This is the first study that affirms the success of using the LEXSY gene expression system for gene silencing according to the antisense RNA approach. Thus, this work will allow using of the produced silencing system to target other important genes in Leishmania, and continue studying the knocked-down strain in vivo.
Body surface area as a prognostic predictor in patients with sepsis
Authors: Chang Haihua , Liao Lin , Wang Wei , Pinhu Liao 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Sepsis is a common inflammatory syndrome, and its mortality is associated with obesity. Body surface area (BSA) and body mass index (BMI) are closely related to body weight, height but BSA is more closely related to physiological parameters. The relationship between BSA and sepsis mortality has not been well known. This study aimed to assess the association between BSA and 28-day mortality among patients with sepsis hospitalized in the intensive care unit.
Methods
Information of sepsis patients were collected from the Medical Information Market in Intensive Care (MIMIC)-III database. BSA was calculated by using the Mosteller formula and grouped by gender and BSA tertiles. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards analyses were the main statistical methods used. Restricted cubic splines were utilized to visualize the associations between continuous BSA and 28-day all-cause mortality.
Results
Sepsis patients (N = 2507) involved in the study included 1491 males (59.47%) and 1,016 females (40.53%). A linear negative association was found between the BSA and 28-day all-cause mortality in male patients. A higher BSA was independently associated with a lower death risk [hazard ratio (HR) 0.487, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.271–0.873; P = 0.016], but no association was found in females (HR 0.559, 95% CI 0.289–1.082; P = 0.840). Cox proportional hazards analysis showed that the BSA was an independent protective factor for 28-day outcomes in males with sepsis.
Conclusions
A linear inverse association was observed between the BSA and 28-day mortality risk in male sepsis patients.
Higher efficiency of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knock-in in HSV-2 by cleaving donor plasmid and viral target region simultaneously
Authors: Qiu Guifang 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The ability of engineering herpes simplex virus (HSV) underpins much in the reseach of its pathogeny biology and oncolytic virus therapy. Currently, the CRISPR/Cas9 system serves as the most powerful tool of HSV genome editing in human cells undoubtedly. Here, comparing the efficiency of gene insertion into HSV-2 based on CRISPR/Cas9-induced asymmetry and symmetry double-sided homology arms donor mediated knock-in strategies, we found that the former is better. After co-transfection of Cas9-sgRNA co-expression plasmid and a donor plasmid containing foreign gene flanked by double-sided homology arms of viral genome target site into HEK293T cells followed by infection of HSV-2, concurrent cleavage of unilateral homology arm within donor plasmid and viral selected site resulted in higher efficiency of targeted gene integration. EGFP cassette was successfully inserted into non-coding region of HSV-2 employing this approach. This would be a more efficient gene insertion strategy via increasing the frequency of HDR and saving time in construction of donor template, thus facilitating the study progress to a great extent.
Incidence and Risk Factors of Hypophosphatemia in Patients with HIV Infection Receiving Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate at a Hospital Belonging to a Medical Service Department
Authors: Netsuk Praewa , Jullabath Jirapat , Lakum Pornchita , Phuetthanyakij Passara , Phuawaranukhroh Pongsri , KarunratTewthanom  
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Recently, the number of patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in Thailand tends to decrease because of more access to treatment, including the discovery and development of a combination of highly effective antiretroviral drug containing tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and its widespread use. This is also attributed to their good efficacy and few adverse reactions. However, the nephrotoxic effect of TDF has been reported, including cases of low blood phosphate. To our knowledge, no study has investigated the incidence of hypophosphatemia caused by TDF in Thailand. This retrospective cross-sectional study aimed to estimate the incidence and risk factors of hypophosphatemia in patients receiving TDF-containing anti-HIV regimens. Data of patients with HIV infection who received TDF between July 1, 2018, and June 30, 2020, at a hospital belonging to a medical service department were reviewed. Data such as serum creatinine and serum phosphate levels were collected from medical records and electronic medical records and then transferred through a data record form. Hypophosphatemia was defined as serum phosphate value lower than 2.5 mg/dL. As a result, from 798 cases of patients with HIV infection who received TDF, 26 patients met the inclusion criteria and five patients had hypophosphatemia (19.2%), and the standard drug dose was used (300 mg/day) or was properly adjusted according to patients’ renal function. The median duration of TDF use was 10 (1–63) months. Other factors that may contribute to the development of hypophosphatemia are comorbidities and other drugs; there was one patient who used antacids longer than 1 week before onset of hypophosphatemia. This study may help develop a risk assessment tool for monitoring hypophosphatemia in patients who received TDF.
Methodology for the identification of bioactive and marker peptides in the organs of cattle and pigs
Authors: Khvostov D. V. , Vostrikova N. L. , Chernukha I. M. 
Published: July 2022

The development of general conception methodology for the meat-based functional food compositions is especially relevant today due to the growing consumers’ interest and attention to their health. This category of these food-products is intended for personal ized nutrition of various age groups in the population, taking into account fortification of the food with nutraceuticals and with functional and metabolically active ingredients obtained from animal and vegetable source. Therefore, it was necessary to develop a certain tool for reliable identification of free peptides from the offals (by-products like hearts and aorta from Sus scrofa and Bos taurus) and from the ready-to-consume meat food (canned food) based on the free peptides, which food is potentially targeted to help with some issues in the human body. The authors proposed the methodology for identification of peptides weighing less than 5 kDa. This methodology has a row of significant advantages, such as a short time of analysis (90 minutes) and the possibility to prepare a large number of samples simultaneously (n=16). Analysis of bioactive peptides (BAPs) was performed by liquid chro matography combined with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (Agilent 6545XT AdvanceBio LC/Q-TOF). The marker peptides were detected by a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (Agilent 6410 Triple Quadrupole LC/MS). All peptide sequences were defined with the help of mass spectrometric data processing databases like PepBank, BioPep, AHTPDB. In this work from 39 to 269 peculiar soluble peptides were found, with an extraction level of 0.17–0.23%. The main fraction consisted of short peptides less than 1000 Da (71.0–98.0%). In experimental samples of pork hearts and arteries 7 peculiar marker peptides were identified. FFESFGDL SNADAVMGNPK peptide obtained from the β-hemoglobin protein is of a special interest, as this peptide showed the maximum intensity of a signal. Presumably, this peptide can serve as an indicator of the blood presence in the finished food product. So it can serve as an assessment tool of bleeding degree of meat raw. For pork aortas a specific peptide TVLGNFAAFVQK was isolated from serum albumin, which turned out to be stable during heat treatment. This is also important for assessment of meat food that are subjected to high thermal exposure.
Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method for fast detection of Campylobacter spp in meat food products and environmental objects of a processing plant’s
Authors: Yushina Yu. K. , Zajko E. V. , Grudistova M. A. , Reshchikov M. D. , Nasyrov N. A. , Nikitchenko D. V. 
Published: July 2022

There is constant necessity of developing the accurate and fast methods for detection of foodborne pathogens. Microorganisms of Campylobacter genus are one of the main causes of foodborne diseases worldwide. Fast identification of Campylobacter at all stages of the food life cycle is an efficient strategy to control foodborne campylobacteriosis. This article the authors evaluated a commercial loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) system with bioluminescence, called as the 3M™ Molecular Detection Analysis (MDA), which was used to find Campylobacter in food products with the help of a certain standard method, which is referred to as the reference method. The results of this study showed that the commercial LAMP based method is as efficient as the reference method, and features high specificity and minimum determinability (sensitivity). The LAMP based method has been shown to be a fast and reliable method for detection of Campylobacter spp. scarce presence (10 CFU/25 g) in meat, meat products, as well as carcass swabs and production facilities’ environment. The LAMP analysis required about 24–27 hours to achieve a result. However the LAMP based method will facilitate the detection of Campylobacter, as it provides much easier and faster detection of Cam pylobacter spp., including Campylobacter jejuni/Campylobacter coli, than standard microbiological methods. The LAMP based method is an efficient tool to prevent the spreading of Campylobacter spp. contamination in food products.
Evaluation of effective parameters of Manning roughness coefficients in HDPE culverts via kernel-based approaches
Authors: Nassaji Matin Ghazaleh 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The prediction of Manning coefficients plays a prominent role in the estimation of head losses along culvert systems. Although the Manning coefficient is treated as a constant, previous studies showed the dependency of this coefficient on several parameters. This study aims to evaluate the effective parameters of the Manning roughness coefficient using intelligence approaches such as Gaussian process regression (GPR) and support vector machines (SVM), in which the input variables were considered as dimensionless and dimensional. In addition to the enhanced efficiency of the SVM approach compared to the GPR approach in model development with dimensionless input variables, the accuracy of model A(I) with input parameters of Fr (Froude) and y/D (the ratio of water depth to culvert diameter) and performance criteria of correlation coefficient (R) = 0.738, determination coefficient (DC) = 0.0962, root mean square errors (RMSE) = 0.0015 and R = 0.818, DC = 0.993 and RMSE = 0.0006 for GPR and SVM approaches were the highest. Thus, for the second category, a model with an input parameter of discharge (Q), hydraulic radius (RH), and culvert's slope (S0) showed good efficiency in predicting the Manning coefficient, in which the performance criteria of GPR and SVM approaches were (R = 0.719, DC = 0.949, RMSE = 0.0013) and (R = 0.742, DC = 0.991, RMSE = 0.007), respectively. Furthermore, developed OAT (one-at-a-time) sensitivity analysis revealed that relative depth y/D and Q are the most important parameters in the prediction of the Manning coefficient for models with dimensionless and dimensional input variables, respectively.
Domestic water demand prediction based on system dynamics combined with social-hydrology methods
Authors: Chen Lu , Gan Xiaoxue , Yi Bin , Qin Yehongping , Lu Lanqing 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Systematic domestic water demand prediction is of great importance for social and economic sustainable development. To explain the system of domestic water demand prediction more completely, a system dynamic model based on the social-hydrology method was proposed in this paper. The key natural and socio-economic factors that affect the domestic water demand most were identified and investigated. The prediction equations of water price considering the feedback between humans and nature were deduced. The expressions of water-saving consciousness were proposed for the first time. Furthermore, the differential and difference equations for domestic water demand prediction were established to realize the future domestic water demand forecasts considering the natural and social driving forces. Finally, three scenarios were designed to investigate the impact of climate change and economic development on the domestic water demand. The upper and middle Pearl River Basin was selected as a case study. The predicted domestic water demand is consistent with the historical results, which demonstrates that the proposed model can be well used for the prediction of the domestic water demand. Under the three scenarios, the domestic water demand increased by 33, 27 and 18% in 2050 compared with that in 2017, respectively.
Estudo da Conversão do Óleo de Mamona (Ricinus communis L) em Polímeros uma Revisão
Authors: Pires Caramez Gonçalves Hanna , De Souza Siqueira Pereira Cristiane , De Carvalho José Thomaz , Souza Teixeira da Silva Hídila 
Published: July 2022

A conversão de óleos vegetais em biopolímeros aparece como uma alternativa sustentava promissora na substituição polímeros produzida à base de petróleo. Dentre os demais óleos vegetais já conhecidos, o óleo oriundo da mamona (Ricinus communis L) apresenta um grande potencial de utilização devido à quantidade de ácidos graxos que sua estrutura apresenta especialmente o do ácido ricinoleico. A modificação do ácido ricinoleico possibilitando a conversão do óleo em diferentes polímeros. Sua obtenção é dada, geralmente, pela prensagem a frio e extração com solventes. Posteriormente o óleo é filtrado e refinado visando o aumento da estabilidade. O óleo refinado é encaminhado para as etapas de conversão, onde se inicia a síntese dos polímeros que é combinada pela sequência de operações tais como: desidratação, hidrogenação, pirólise, transesterificação e polimerização. Os polímeros obtidos podem ser classificados como: poliuretanos, poliamidas e poliésteres, e os que difere são as diferentes propriedades físicas e químicas. Esses polímeros sintetizados podem ser aplicados em diversos setores tanto industriais quanto farmacêuticos. Deste modo, esta revisão apresenta as etapas de produção desses polímeros mais frequentemente utilizadas, desde a extração do óleo como as diferentes aplicações.
Trends in Analytical Methods for Analysis of Tobacco Products: An Overview
Authors: Dos Santos Costa Gislaine Natiele , Gomes Vasconcelos Bruna , De Souza Vargas de Moura Tayná , Galvão Martins Vivianne , Carvalho Chiapetta Simone 
Published: July 2022

Abstract. Currently, due to the strong trends in policies to reduce smoking, several concerns related to quality control and regulation of tobacco products have been raised, as a great variety of products are available to consumers in the market. Considering that development of robust and selective analytical methods for tobacco and derivative products has been an important and necessary task over the years, however laborious, due to the complexity of the matrices. This work presents an overview of advances, innovation, and trends in analytical methods, focused on the chromatographic analysis of nicotine, tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs), humectants, pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and sugars in different tobacco products. Gas chromatography (GC) coupled with different detectors is widely used to analyze nicotine, humectants and TSNAs in tobacco leaves and derivative products, while liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) has been frequently used to analyze TSNAs in mainstream cigarette smoke and smokeless tobacco products. Pesticides were mainly analyzed in tobacco using GC or LC coupled with mass detector (MS), while PAHs and sugars were generally analyzed in tobacco and smoke using LC-MS and GC-MS techniques, respectively. In addition to already established methods and despite the lack of a worldwide standardization of methods, significant efforts have been made to develop analytical procedures for a wide variety of tobacco products, with a broad range of innovative chromatographic methods available. In this sense, a potential trend is the possibility of simultaneous determination of multiple components aiming to reduce the analysis time. The present study examined the main works that developed or improved analytical methods for identifying and quantifying priority compounds in different tobacco matrices and aims to contribute to future research with this objective, in addition, to promoting standardization of technical terms used in this analytical area. It is noteworthy that some of the methods mentioned here have not been validated and further studies are needed in order to obtain reproducible analytical methods for regulatory purposes.
Keywords: chromatography analyses; tobacco leaves; cigarette; cigarette smoke; smokeless tobacco products.
القيادة الأصيلة ودورها في تعزيز مخرجات العمل الموقفية
Authors: Ahmad Rzgar Hama Rasheed , Amin Yousif obed 
Published: July 2022

يهدف البحث الحالي الى توضيح الدور الذي تلعبه القيادة الأصيلة بأبعادها ( الوعي الذاتي ، والمعالجة المتوازنة ، والمنظور الاخلاقي وشفافية العلاقة في تعزيز مخرجات العمل الموقفية، وتحقيقاً لأهداف البحث تم اعتماد المنهج الوصفي التحليلي عن طريق تصميم إستمارة استبانة تم إعدادها بما يتوافق مع هدف البحث تم توزيعها في المنظمة المبحوثة ــ جامعة السليمانية التقنية ، على عينة من المنتسبين ( كوادر تدريسية وموظفين) ، وبواقع ( 105 )إستمارة، في حين بلغ عدد الاستمارات المسترجعة والصالحة للتحليل (98) وبمعدل إستجابة مقدارها (93 %). تم تحليل البيانات المستحصلة من الميدان المبحوث باستخدام الرنامج الاحصائي (SPSS-V.20) باعتماد مجموعة من أدوات التحليل منها معامل الارتباط ، ونماذج الانحدار الخطي البسيط والمتعدد أيضا ، مما ساعد على التوصل إلى مجموعة من النتائج ، التي تم في ضوئها بلورة جملة من الاستنتاجات من أهمها: إمكانية التعميم بخصوص أهمية دور القيادة الأصيلة ، بوصفها ذات ارتباط وتأثير جوهري في تعزيز مخرجات العمل الموقفية.
وفي ضوء جملة الاستنتاجات ، تم تقديم مجموعة من مقترحات ، و من أهمها: توظيف المنظمة المبحوثة لأبعاد القيادة الأصيلة في اعتماد ووضع سيناريوهات متنوعة للتعامل مع مواقف العمل المختلفة. وجعل أبعاد القيادة الأصيلة كجزء رئيسي من أسلوب عمل المدراء في المنظمة. و اخيرا توعية وتدريب الأفراد العاملين على وضع الإجراءات الإستباقية ضمن اهتماماتهم القصوى عند التعامل مع مواقف العمل المختلفة المتوقعة.
Comparison of Family Function and Mental Emotional Health of Adolescents in a State Junior High School, Modern and Traditional Boarding Schools
Authors: Widyaningsih Betty Nuning , Marchira Carla R. , Claramita Mora 
Published: July 2022

Background: Emotional and mental disorders can be experienced by all adolescents in both state junior high schools and in boarding schools. Students live with their parents and relatives at home in the state junior high schools. In contrast, in boarding schools, students must live independently, away from their parents, adapt to different boarding school environments, and are obliged to obey regulations. Objectives: To find out whether there are differences in family functions as well as emotional and mental disorders of adolescents in state junior high schools and modern and traditional boarding schools. Subjects: 433 adolescents aged 12-16 years were categorized into 191 adolescents in state junior high schools, 136 adolescents from modern boarding schools, and 106 adolescents from traditional boarding schools. This study used descriptive analytic designs with multivariate comparative approach methods. Instruments: Using the Family APGAR (Adaptability, Partnership, Growth, Affection, and Resolve) and Strength and Difficulty Questionnaire (SDQ) questionnaires, the total difficulty score was a combination of hyperactivity score, emotional score, behavior score, and peer score. A power score was considered a pro-social (behavior that supports others) score. Results: Function measurement of adolescents’ families in state junior high schools and modern and traditional boarding schools showed a highly functional Family APGAR score, p=0.265 (p>0.05). The adolescent SDQ score in state junior high schools was abnormal in the total score of difficulty and the hyperactivity score classification but borderline on peer score. The adolescent SDQ score in modern boarding schools showed abnormal results in a total difficulty and hyperactivity score, with a borderline peer score. SDQ scores of adolescents in traditional boarding schools were abnormal on the total score of difficulty and borderline on peer score. Conclusion: There was no significant difference in function between adolescents in the state junior high schools and modern and traditional boarding schools. However, there were significant differences between emotional and mental disorders of adolescents in state junior high schools and modern and traditional boarding schools. This mental health concern requires promoting and preventive efforts of a holistic family approach between adolescents, parents, teachers, and family doctors.