bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beginning school–university partnerships for transformative social change in science education: Narratives from the field
Authors: Kang Hosun , González‐Howard María 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThese narratives explore what it might entail to begin school–university partnerships towards the goal of transformative social changes through the voices of two women scholars of color. Using two school–university partnerships as focal cases, we unpack the complexity, tensions, and possibilities that arise through collaborations driven by the objective to promote new and more just forms of science learning within public schools. In this article, we use three key dimensions of participatory design research (namely, critical historicity, power, and relationality) as analytical lenses through which to reflect upon school–university partnerships that we are in the beginning stages of forming. Through this methodology, we shed light on: (a) the historical genealogies of equity‐oriented work and (b) the tensions that we encountered as we strived for beginning partnerships with K‐12 schools. These narratives unveil the dynamic and contentious nature of forming school–university partnerships that always occurs within a sociopolitical landscape impacted by intersecting and powered identity markers, including those around race, gender, language, culture, and status. We provide specific recommendations for supporting education researchers who aspire to transform the learning of sciences at schools through a collaborative and sustainable partnership. These recommendations include ideas around how to collectively generate goals with schools centered on transformative science learning; attention to the role of language and race in shaping partnership role‐remediation; and creating infrastructure for developing school–university partnerships toward transformative social changes, including financial, human and relational resources, as well as new forms of recognition systems.
Jointly modeling of sleep variables that are objectively measured by wrist actigraphy
Authors: Xue Xiaonan , Hua Simin , Weber Kathleen , Qi Qibin , Kaplan Robert , Gustafson Deborah R. , Sharma Anjali , French Audrey , Burgess Helen J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRecently developed actigraphy devices have made it possible for continuous and objective monitoring of sleep over multiple nights. Sleep variables captured by wrist actigraphy devices include sleep onset, sleep end, total sleep time, wake time after sleep onset, number of awakenings, etc. Currently available statistical methods to analyze such actigraphy data have limitations. First, averages over multiple nights are used to summarize sleep activities, ignoring variability over multiple nights from the same subject. Second, sleep variables are often analyzed independently. However, sleep variables tend to be correlated with each other. For example, how long a subject sleeps at night can be correlated with how long and how frequent he/she wakes up during that night. It is important to understand these inter‐relationships. We therefore propose a joint mixed effect model on total sleep time, number of awakenings, and wake time. We develop an estimating procedure based upon a sequence of generalized linear mixed effects models, which can be implemented using existing software. The use of these models not only avoids computational intensity and instability that may occur by directly applying a numerical algorithm on a complicated joint likelihood function, but also provides additional insights on sleep activities. We demonstrated in simulation studies that the proposed estimating procedure performed well in estimating both fixed and random effects' parameters. We applied the proposed model to data from the Women's Interagency HIV Sleep Study to examine the association of employment status and age with overall sleep quality assessed by several actigraphy measured sleep variables.
An Unprecedented Dodecanuclear Copper(II) Complex Derived from an Unsymmetrical Schiff‐Base Ligand
Authors: Bhunia Pradip , Mayans Júlia , Escuer Albert , Ghosh Ashutosh 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA novel discrete dodecanuclear Cu(II) complex, [Cu12L26(OH)6]⋅2CH3CN (1) has been synthesised using an N2O3 donor unsymmetrical Schiff base ligand derived from the condensation of 1,3‐diamino‐2‐propanol with salicylaldehyde and o‐hydroxyacetophenone. Single crystal X‐ray diffraction study indicates that each deprotonated ligand chelates two Cu(II) centres which are also bridged by alkoxo oxygen; six such dinuclear units are joined by alkoxo and phenoxo groups of the ligand as well as hydroxo bridges to form the dodecanuclear structure. Magnetic studies indicate predominating antiferromagnetic coupling interactions between the paramagnetic Cu(II) centres.
An Aggregation‐Suppressed Polymer Blending Strategy Enables High‐Performance Organic and Quantum Dot Hybrid Solar Cells
Authors: Liu Junwei , Qiao Jiawei , Zhou Kangkang , Wang Jingjing , Gui Ruohua , Xian Kaihu , Gao Mengyuan , Yin Hang , Hao Xiaotao , Zhou Zhihua , Ye Long 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSolution‐processing hybrid solar cells with organics and colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) have drawn substantial attention in the past decade. Nevertheless, hybrid solar cells based on the recently developed directly synthesized CQD inks are still unexplored. Herein, a facile polymer blending strategy is put forward to enable directly synthesized CQD/polymer hybrid solar cells with a champion efficiency of 13%, taking advantage of the conjugated polymer blends with finely optimized aggregation behaviors. The spectroscopic and electrical investigations on carrier transport and recombination indicate that polymer blends can endow fast carrier transport and less recombination over the single counterparts. Moreover, the blending strategy offers a “dilution effect” for top‐notch photovoltaic polymers with excessively strong aggregation tendency, resulting in moderate feature domain size and surface roughness, which afford fast hole transport and therefore high photovoltaic performance. The effectiveness of this strategy is successfully validated using two pairs of photovoltaic polymers. Accordingly, the relationships between polymer morphology, carrier transport, and photovoltaic performance are established to advance the progress of CQD/polymer hybrid solar cells. Such progress stresses that the utilization of aggregation‐suppressed polymer blends is a facile approach toward the fabrication of high‐efficiency organic–inorganic hybrid solar cells.
Erdbebensichere Bauten mit dissipativen Elementen aus hochfestem Stahl
Authors: Avgerinou Stella , Thanopoulos Pavlos , Hoffmeister Benno , Vayas Ioannis 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIm vorliegenden Aufsatz wird die Anwendung des hochfesten Stahls S700MC für dissipative Elemente in erdbebensicheren Stahlkonstruktionen vorgestellt. Das Verhalten unter zyklischen Lasten wurde experimentell an vollmaßstäblichen Konstruktionen untersucht – hierbei wurde ein hohes Duktilitätsmaß festgestellt, wenn auch geringer als bei den üblichen S235‐Stählen. Anschließend wurde die Anwendbarkeit hochfester Stähle beispielhaft für zwei mehrgeschossige Gebäude numerisch erprobt. Die Berechnungen umfassten lineare und nichtlineare statische und dynamische Berechnungen. Damit wurden sowohl die praxisnahe Anwendung als auch die Leistungsfähigkeit und die erwarteten Grenzzustände untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass dissipative Elemente aus hochfesten Stählen insbesondere in verformungsarmen Aussteifungssystemen sinnvoll sind, bei denen nicht die Gebrauchstauglichkeit maßgebend, sondern Dissipation bereits bei geringen Verformungen erwünscht ist.
A multiple alignment workflow shows the effect of repeat masking and parameter tuning on alignment in plants
Authors: Wu Yaoyao , Johnson Lynn , Song Baoxing , Romay Cinta , Stitzer Michelle , Siepel Adam , Buckler Edward , Scheben Armin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAlignments of multiple genomes are a cornerstone of comparative genomics, but generating these alignments remains technically challenging and often impractical. We developed the msa_pipeline workflow (https://bitbucket.org/bucklerlab/msa_pipeline) to allow practical and sensitive multiple alignment of diverged plant genomes and calculation of conservation scores with minimal user inputs. As high repeat content and genomic divergence are substantial challenges in plant genome alignment, we also explored the effect of different masking approaches and parameters of the LAST aligner using genome assemblies of 33 grass species. Compared with conventional masking with RepeatMasker, a masking approach based on k‐mers (nucleotide sequences of k length) increased the alignment rate of coding sequence and noncoding functional regions by 25 and 14%, respectively. We further found that default alignment parameters generally perform well, but parameter tuning can increase the alignment rate for noncoding functional regions by over 52% compared with default LAST settings. Finally, by increasing alignment sensitivity from the default baseline, parameter tuning can increase the number of noncoding sites that can be scored for conservation by over 76%. Overall, tuning of masking and alignment parameters can generate optimized multiple alignments to drive biological discovery in plants.
Association between anticholinergic burden and dementia in UK Biobank
Authors: Mur Jure , Russ Tom C. , Cox Simon R. , Marioni Riccardo E. , Muniz‐Terrera Graciela 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies on the relationship between anticholinergic drugs and dementia have reported heterogeneous results. This variability could be due to different anticholinergic scales and differential effects of distinct classes of drugs.MethodsUsing Cox proportional hazards models, we computed the association between annual anticholinergic burden (AChB) and the risk of dementia in UK Biobank with linked general practitioner prescription records between the years 2000 and 2015 (n = 171,775).ResultsAChB according to most anticholinergic scales (standardized odds ratio range: 1.027–1.125) and the slope of the AChB trajectory (hazard ratio = 1.094; 95% confidence interval: 1.068–1.119) were predictive of dementia. However, the association between AChB and dementia held only for some classes of drugs, especially antidepressants, antiepileptics, and antidiuretics.DiscussionThe heterogeneity in previous findings may partially be due to different effects for different classes of drugs. Future studies should establish differences in more detail and further examine the practicality of a general measure of AChB relating to the risk of dementia.
Synergistic effect of graphitic carbon nitride and ammonium polyphosphate on the enhanced flame retardant and smoke suppression properties of biobased polyamide 56
Authors: Zhang Yuhui , Zhao Yu , Wang Zihao , Jiang Xuegang , Liu Xiucai , Guo Weihong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSeeking a facile strategy to synthesize efficient and inexpensive flame retardant which endows biobased polyamide 56 (PA56) with desirable flame retardancy is an urgent need. Here, ammonium polyphosphate (APP) was modified with graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) to synthesize a nitrogen‐phosphorus flame retardant (CN@APP) and then applied in biobased PA56. The X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectra demonstrated that APP was successfully microencapsulated with g‐C3N4. The micromorphology structure was further characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). PA56/CN@APP attained a UL 94 V‐0 rating and limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 31.7%. A sharp reduction of 35.3% in peak heat release rate (pHRR) and 24.0% in total heat release (THR) and an 874% increase in char yield were noticed for PA56/CN@APP2 compared with pure PA56. Additionally, the peak smoke production rate (pSPR) and total smoke production (TSP) of PA56/CN@APP2 were 33.0% and 21.8% lower than those of pure PA56. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Raman spectroscopy were employed to analyze the condensed phase residues from the cone calorimeter test (CCT). The results indicated that CN@APP was beneficial for forming a more stable and compact carbon layer during combustion, thereby insulating the heat transfer and improving the flame retardancy and smoke suppression of PA56.
Interaction among offset parallel cracks in an orthotropic plane under thermo‐mechanical loading
Authors: Tanwar Anshika , Singh Ritika , Das Subir , Altenbach Holm 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe article deals with the problem of three thermally insulated cracks embedded in a fibrous composite material subjected to thermo‐mechanical loading. Orthotropy is ensured by the unidirectional reinforcement of fiber. The considered infinite orthotropic plane is divided mathematically into three parts. The present mathematical model comprises of a central crack parallel to two symmetric collinear cracks at an offset distance to it. All the cracks under consideration are thermally insulated and aligned in the fiber direction. Using the Fourier integral transformed technique, the governing equations are reduced into a pair of singular integral equations. The Chebyshev polynomials are used to solve the integral equations of first kind with Cauchy kernel functions. Numerical values of the mode I stress intensity factors (SIFs) at the tips of the cracks are found for different lengths and distance between those. The effect of cracks' interaction on the SIFs is depicted graphically for the fiber‐reinforced composite (FRC) material constituted by carbon‐based fiber—Graphite and matrix—Epoxy.
Neoadjuvant versus definitive radiochemotherapy of locoregionally advanced oesophageal cancer—who benefits?
Authors: Schiffner Christoph , Christiansen Hans , Brandes Iris , Grannas Gerrit , Wichmann Jörn , Merten Roland 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
For years, there have been discussions on whether neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy followed by surgery (nRCT-S) is superior to definitive radiochemotherapy (dRCT) as the standard of care for locoregionally advanced oesophageal cancer (OC). This retrospective study aimed to evaluate our patient cohort regarding differences in survival and recurrence between nRCT‑S and dRCT.

Methods
Data from 68 patients with dRCT and 33 patients with nRCT‑S treated from 2010 to 2018 were analysed. Comorbidities were recorded using the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). Recurrence patterns were recorded as in-field or out-field. Kaplan–Meier analyses were used to compare survival data (overall survival [OS], progression-free survival [PFS], and locoregional control [LRC]).

Results
Patients with nRCT‑S showed significantly lower CCI values than those with dRCT (p = 0.001). The median follow-up was 47 months. The median OS times were 31 months for nRCT‑S and 12 months for dRCT (p = 0.009), the median PFS times were 11 and 9 months, respectively (p = 0.057), and the median LRC times were not reached and 23 months, respectively (p = 0.037). The only further factor with a significant impact on OS was the CCI (p = 0.016). In subgroup analyses for comorbidities regarding differences in OS, the superiority of the nRCT‑S remained almost significant for CCI values 2–6 (p = 0.061).

Conclusion
Our study showed significantly longer OS and LRC for patients with nRCT‑S than for those with dRCT. Due to different comorbidities in the groups, it can be deduced from the subgroup analysis that patients with few comorbidities seem to especially profit from nRCT‑S.
Pigmentierte villonoduläre Synovitis
Authors: Neugebauer J. , Dammerer D. , Hackl W. 
Published: April 2022

Zusammenfassung
Ziel
In diesem Beitrag wird evaluiert, ob die radiologischen Diagnosekriterien ausreichen, um die Diagnose einer pigmentierten villonodulären Synovitis (PVNS) anhand eines Magnetresonanztomographie(MRT)-Befunds sicher stellen zu können und daraus eine Operationsindikation abzuleiten. Hierzu wurde überprüft, inwieweit die radiologische Diagnose mit dem histopathologischen Befund übereinstimmte.

Methoden
In einer retrospektiven Datenanalyse wurden 52 Patienten mit PVNS (22 männlich, 30 weiblich, mittleres Alter: 38 Jahre), die sich zwischen 1991 und 2019 einem operativen Eingriff unterzogen hatten, analysiert. Einschlusskriterien waren ein positiver MRT-Befund mit Hinweis auf Hämosiderin und anschließende Synovektomie sowie eine entsprechend dokumentierte histopathologische Aufarbeitung.

Ergebnisse
In 71 % der Fälle stimmten der MRT-Befund und das histologische Ergebnis überein, was jedoch darauf hindeutet, dass nach der radikalen Synovektomie in etwa 29 % der Fälle histologisch keine PVNS nachgewiesen werden konnte. Das Kniegelenk stellte sich als das am häufigsten betroffene Gelenk dar, gefolgt von Hüft- und Sprunggelenk.

Diskussion
Die PVNS tritt meist bei jungen Erwachsen auf. Frauen waren im eigenen Kollektiv etwas häufiger betroffen als Männer. In der aktuellen Literatur findet man keinen etablierten Algorithmus zur Behandlung einer PVNS. Im Zweifelsfall sollte unbedingt eine histologische Diagnosesicherung mittels arthroskopischer oder offener Biopsiegewinnung der radikalen Synovektomie vorgeschaltet werden.

Schlussfolgerung
Aufgrund der Invasivität der radikalen Synovektomie ist die präoperative Biopsie eine weitere Möglichkeit zur Diagnosesicherung und sollte im Zweifelsfall unbedingt eingesetzt werden. Eine enge interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit von Radiologen und Tumorradiologen ist hierbei essenziell.
The pro-radical hydrogen peroxide as a stable hydroxyl radical distributor: lessons from pancreatic beta cells
Authors: Lenzen Sigurd , Lushchak Volodymyr I. , Scholz Fritz 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe toxic potential of H2O2 is limited, even if intracellular concentrations of H2O2 under conditions of oxidative stress increase to the micromolar concentration range. Its toxicity is mostly restricted to the oxidation of highly reactive thiol groups, some of which are functionally very important. Subsequently, the HO· radical is generated spontaneously from H2O2 in the Fenton reaction. The HO· radical is extremely toxic and destroys any biological structure. Due to the high reactivity, its action is limited to a locally restricted site of its generation. On the other hand, H2O2 with its stability and long half-life can reach virtually any site and distribute its toxic effect all over the cell. Thereby HO·, in spite of its ultra-short half-life (10–9 s), can execute its extraordinary toxic action at any target of the cell. In this oxidative stress scenario, H2O2 is the pro-radical, that spreads the toxic action of the HO· radical. It is the longevity of the H2O2 molecule allowing it to distribute its toxic action from the site of origin all over the cell and may even mediate intercellular communication. Thus, H2O2 acts as a spreader by transporting it to sites where the extremely short-lived toxic HO· radical can arise in the presence of “free iron”. H2O2 and HO· act in concert due to their different complementary chemical properties. They are dependent upon each other while executing the toxic effects in oxidative stress under diabetic metabolic conditions in particular in the highly vulnerable pancreatic beta cell, which in contrast to many other cell types is so badly protected against oxidative stress due to its extremely low H2O2 inactivating enzyme capacity.
Orlicz Space Regularization of Continuous Optimal Transport Problems
Authors: Lorenz Dirk , Mahler Hinrich 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this work we analyze regularized optimal transport problems in the so-called Kantorovich form, i.e. given two Radon measures on two compact sets, the aim is to find a transport plan, which is another Radon measure on the product of the sets, that has these two measures as marginals and minimizes the sum of a certain linear cost function and a regularization term. We focus on regularization terms where a Young’s function applied to the (density of the) transport plan is integrated against a product measure. This forces the transport plan to belong to a certain Orlicz space. The predual problem is derived and proofs for strong duality and existence of primal solutions of the regularized problem are presented. Existence of (pre-)dual solutions is shown for the special case of $$L^p$$

L
p

-regularization for $$p\ge 2$$

p
≥
2

. Moreover, two results regarding $$\varGamma $$
Γ
-convergence are stated: The first is concerned with marginals that do not lie in the appropriate Orlicz space and guarantees $$\varGamma $$
Γ
-convergence to the original Kantorovich problem, when smoothing the marginals. The second result gives convergence of a regularized and discretized problem to the unregularized, continuous problem.
Mean-Field Selective Optimal Control via Transient Leadership
Authors: Albi Giacomo , Almi Stefano , Morandotti Marco , Solombrino Francesco 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA mean-field selective optimal control problem of multipopulation dynamics via transient leadership is considered. The agents in the system are described by their spatial position and their probability of belonging to a certain population. The dynamics in the control problem is characterized by the presence of an activation function which tunes the control on each agent according to the membership to a population, which, in turn, evolves according to a Markov-type jump process. In this way, a hypothetical policy maker can select a restricted pool of agents to act upon based, for instance, on their time-dependent influence on the rest of the population. A finite-particle control problem is studied and its mean-field limit is identified via $$\varGamma $$
Γ
-convergence, ensuring convergence of optimal controls. The dynamics of the mean-field optimal control is governed by a continuity-type equation without diffusion. Specific applications in the context of opinion dynamics are discussed with some numerical experiments.
Continuous Differentiability of the Value Function of Semilinear Parabolic Infinite Time Horizon Optimal Control Problems on $$L^2(\Omega )$$ Under Control Constraints
Authors: Kunisch Karl , Priyasad Buddhika 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAn abstract framework guaranteeing the local continuous differentiability of the value function associated with optimal stabilization problems subject to abstract semilinear parabolic equations subject to a norm constraint on the controls is established. It guarantees that the value function satisfies the associated Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation in the classical sense. The applicability of the developed framework is demonstrated for specific semilinear parabolic equations.
Finite Element Methods for Isotropic Isaacs Equations with Viscosity and Strong Dirichlet Boundary Conditions
Authors: Jaroszkowski Bartosz , Jensen Max 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe study monotone P1 finite element methods on unstructured meshes for fully non-linear, degenerately parabolic Isaacs equations with isotropic diffusions arising from stochastic game theory and optimal control and show uniform convergence to the viscosity solution. Elliptic projections are used to manage singular behaviour at the boundary and to treat a violation of the consistency conditions from the framework by Barles and Souganidis by the numerical operators. Boundary conditions may be imposed in the viscosity or in the strong sense, or in a combination thereof. The presented monotone numerical method has well-posed finite dimensional systems, which can be solved efficiently with Howard’s method.