bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Experimental Results Show the Application of Fiber Optic to Detect and to Track Gas Position in Marine Risers and Shed Light on the Gas Migration Phenomenon Inside a Closed Well
Authors: Santos Otto , Almeida Mauricio , Sharma Jyotsna , Kunju Mahendra , Chen Yuanhang , Waltrich Paulo 
Published: September 2022

SummaryThe main objective of this paper is to present and discuss the results and significant observations gathered during 13 experimental runs conducted in a full-scale test well at Louisiana State University (LSU). The other two objectives of this manuscript are to show the use of distributed fiber-optic sensing and downhole pressure sensors data to detect and track the gas position inside the test well during the experiments, and to discuss experimental and simulated data of the gas migration phenomenon in a closed well.An existing test well at LSU research facilities was recompleted and instrumented with fiber-optic sensors to continuously collect downhole data and with four pressure and temperature downhole gauges at four discrete depths within an annulus formed by 9 5/8 in. casing and 2 7/8 in. to a depth of 5,025 ft. A chemical line was attached to the tubing allowing the nitrogen injection at the bottom of the hole. The research facilities were also equipped with a surface data acquisition system. The experiments consisted in injecting nitrogen into the test well filled with water by two means: either injecting it down through the chemical line or down through the tubing to be subsequently bullheaded to the annulus. Afterward, either the nitrogen was circulated out of the well with a backpressure being applied at surface to mimic a managed pressure drilling (MPD) operation or left to migrate to the surface with the test well closed.During the runs, the three acquisition systems (fiber optic, downhole gauges, and surface data acquisition) recorded all relevant well control parameters for a variety of gas injected volumes (2.0–15.1 bbl), circulation rates (100–300 gal/min), and applied backpressures (100–300 psi). The experimental results gathered by the acquisition systems were very consistent in measuring gas velocities inside the well. The numerical model predictions matched very close to the pressure behavior observed in the experimental trials. In the gas migration experiments, it was observed that the stabilized casing pressure at the end of gas migration is less than the initial bottomhole pressure, and it is a function of the volume of gas injected in the well. These facts are supported by the numerical simulation results.In this paper, we show the possibility of the use of fiber-optic and downhole pressure sensors information to detect and track the gas position inside a well or the marine riser during normal or MPD operations. Additionally, the vast amount of experimental data gathered during the experiments in which the nitrogen was left in the closed well to migrate to surface helped shed light on the controversial issue concerning the surface pressure buildup while the gas migrates to surface in a closed well. Numerical simulations were all instrumental for supporting the findings.
Influence Laws for Hydraulic Sealing Capacity in Shale Gas Well Cementing
Authors: Li Jin , Liu Jian , Li Zaoyuan , Liu Yang , Wu Xuning , Song Weitao 
Published: September 2022

SummaryEnsuring the sealing integrity of cement sheaths used for shale gas wells during hydraulic fracturing processes has become a major challenge. The sustained casing pressure, strong temperature difference stress, and cyclic loading and unloading affect the safe long-term production of shale gas wells. In this paper, we propose a new hydraulic sealing capacity (HSC) evaluation system for cementing interfaces. Specifically, this study aimed at understanding the influence law and failure mechanism of the interface sealing of shale gas wells before hydraulic fracturing. The results showed that the HSC improved with an increase in the flushing time and velocity. The HSC of the cement-formation interface was likely to be compromised if the cement slurry was contaminated with a spacer and oil-based mud (OBM). When the cement slurry was mixed with more than 10% OBM, channels formed easily in the cement sheath body. Moreover, the preflush injection sequence of “flushing fluid + spacer + flushing fluid” significantly improved the HSC of the cement-formation interface. Based on the experimental results and field operation experience, we determined that the optimal flushing time and flushing displacement were 15–20 minutes and 1.8 m3/min, respectively. Finally, the microstructure and distribution characteristics of the cement-formation interface under different conditions were obtained by computed tomography (CT) analysis, which explains the formation and failure mechanism of the cement-formation interface HSC. The development of harmful pores (R &gt; 1 mm) was the main factor affecting the HSC of the cement-formation interface. The number of harmful pores in cement-formation interface increased significantly after being polluted by OBM. Combined with the field operation experience, the prefluid injection sequence of “6 m3 flushing fluid + 25 m3 spacer fluid + 6 m3 fresh water” is adopted, and the displacement volume is 1.4–1.6 m3/min, and the cement slurry is injected 10–15 m3 more, which can greatly improve the HSC of the cement-formation interface. Our findings highlight the need for more explicit considerations regarding the impact of cementing technology and actual operation on the HSC of an interface under the requirements of efficient production and extended well life.
Integrated bioinformatics analysis reveals novel key biomarkers in diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Joshi Harish , Vastrad Basavaraj , Joshi Nidhi , Vastrad Chanabasayya 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Objectives
The underlying molecular mechanisms of diabetic nephropathy (DN) have yet not been investigated clearly. In this investigation, we aimed to identify key genes involved in the pathogenesis and prognosis of DN.
Methods
We downloaded next generation sequencing (NGS) dataset GSE142025 from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database having 28 DN samples and 9 normal control samples. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between DN and normal control samples were analyzed. Biological function analysis of the DEGs was enriched by GO and REACTOME pathway. Then we established the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, modules, miRNA-DEG regulatory network and TF-DEG regulatory network. Hub genes were validated by using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.
Results
A total of 549 DEGs were detected including 275 up regulated and 274 down regulated genes. Biological process analysis of functional enrichment showed these DEGs were mainly enriched in cell activation, integral component of plasma membrane, lipid binding and biological oxidations. Analyzing the PPI network, miRNA-DEG regulatory network and TF-DEG regulatory network, we screened hub genes MDFI, LCK, BTK, IRF4, PRKCB, EGR1, JUN, FOS, ALB and NR4A1 by the Cytoscape software. The ROC curve analysis confirmed that hub genes were of diagnostic value.
Conclusions
Taken above, using integrated bioinformatics analysis, we have identified key genes and pathways in DN, which could improve our understanding of the cause and underlying molecular events, and these key genes and pathways might be therapeutic targets for DN.
Macroporous honeycomb-like magnesium oxide fabricated as long-life and outstanding Pb(II) adsorbents combined with theory calculation
Authors: He Xingyu , Lu Jiarui , Wei Hong , Liu Baixiong 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The macroporous honeycomb-like MgO (MHM) had been successfully prepared by hard template method using polystyrene (PS) spheres with different particle sizes. The adsorption performance and specific surface areas of MHM were inversely proportional to the pore diameters. Among the prepared MHM materials, MHM-400 exhibited most excellent adsorption performance of 3676 mg/g towards Pb at 25°C. The macropore in MHM played a major role in the adsorption process, Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) model further indicated that Pb removal by MHM-400 was dominated by particle diffusion. The thermodynamic analysis revealed that the Pb(II) adsorption was spontaneous and endothermic. MHM-400 was a kind of long-life adsorbent, which also exhibited high anti-interference ability towards typically coexisting ions (Na+ and K+). According to the density functional theory (DFT) calculation, the Pb could be adsorbed on the top site of oxygen atom at the surface of cubic MgO (200) plane, the adsorption energy (Ead) was 0.159 eV. The XRD and FTIR analyses revealed the further formation of Pb3(CO3)2(OH)2 and PbO after Pb adsorption. Furthermore, MHM-400 could effectively remove both cadmium and lead ions from wastewater within 20 min and the adsorption efficiency achieved > 99%, suggesting that MHM-400 was a potential material for effective hazardous ions removal.
The Arabic Citation Index - Toward a better understanding of Arab scientific literature
Authors: El-Ouahi Jamal 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The Arabic Citation Index (ARCI) was launched in 2020. This article provides an overview of the scientific literature contained in this new database and explores its possible usage in research evaluation. As of May 2022, ARCI had indexed 138,283 scientific publications published between 2015 and 2020. ARCI's coverage is characterised by using the metadata available in scientific publications. First, I investigate the distributions of the indexed literature at various levels (research domains, countries, languages, open access). Articles make up nearly all the documents indexed with a share of 99% of ARCI. The Arts & Humanities and Social Sciences fields have the highest concentration of publications. Most indexed journals are published in Egypt, Algeria, Iraq, Jordan, and Saudi Arabia. About 8% of publications in ARCI are published in languages other than Arabic. Second, I use an unsupervised machine learning model, LDA (Latent Dirichlet Allocation), and the text mining algorithm of VOSviewer to uncover the main topics in ARCI. These methods provide a better understanding of ARCI's thematic structure. Next, I discuss how ARCI can complement global standards in the context of a more inclusive research evaluation. Finally, I suggest a few research opportunities after discussing the findings of this study.
IKKα kinase coordinates BRD4 and STAT3 signaling to subvert DNA damage-based anticancer therapy
Authors: Pecharroman Irene , Bertran Joan , Villanueva Daniel Alvarez , Guillén Yolanda , Sole Laura , Lobo Teresa , Alonso-Marañon Josune , Martínez Maria , García-Hernández Violeta , Gimenez Gemma , Colomer Carlota , Mulero María Carmen , Gonzales Jessica , Salazar Ramon , Santos Cristina , Garrido Marta , Villanueva Alberto , Borràs Eva , Sabidó Eduard , Bonfill-Teixidor Ester , Iurlaro Raffaella , Seoane Joan , Iglesias Mar , Bigas Anna , Espinosa Lluis 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Activation of the IKK kinase complex has recurrently been linked to colorectal cancer (CRC) initiation and progression. However, identification of downstream effectors other than NF-kB has remained elusive.
Analysis of IKK-dependent substrates after UV-treatment revealed that BRD4 phosphorylation by IKKa is required for chromatin-binding dynamics upon damage. Moreover, IKKa induces the NF-kB-dependent transcription of LIF leading to STAT3 activation, association of BRD4 to STAT3 and recruitment to specific target genes. IKKa abrogation results in defective BRD4 and STAT3 function leading to irreparable DNA damage and apoptotic cell death upon different stimuli. Simultaneous inhibition of BRAF-dependent IKKa activity and JAK/STAT pathway enhanced the therapeutic potential of 5-FU plus irinotecan in CRC patient-derived organoids and is curative in a chemotherapy-resistant CRC xenograft model. Coordinated expression of LIF and IKKa is a poor prognosis marker for CRC patients.
Our data uncover a functional link between IKKa, BRD4 and JAK/STAT signaling with clinical relevance.
Attempt to mitigate marine emissions with clean fuel based on propanol and sunflower biodiesel
Authors: Khan Md Modassir , Kadian Arun Kumar , Sharma Rabindra Prasad 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The quaternary blends (diesel-biodiesel-vegetable oil-alcohol)
offer enormous potential for reducing fossil fuel usage and
mitigating air pollution caused by marine diesel engines.
Biodiesel and alcohol are alternate fuels possessing high oxygen
content, ensuring clean combustion. Vegetable oil is beneficial in
saving diesel contribution and increasing engine lubrication. The
objective of the present work was to reduce the dependency on
conventional diesel and to come up with cleaner fuel that can also
improve engine performance. This experimental work aims to lower
exhaust emissions by fueling a single-cylinder, four-stroke
direct-injection diesel engine with novel quaternary blends
comprising diesel (50%), sunflower biodiesel (25%), sunflower oil
(5%), and alcohol (20%). In order to develop cleaner fuel than
diesel, different quaternary blends were prepared by varying the
length of the carbon chain of alcohols in the blends, namely,
DBOEth20, DBOProp20, DBOBut20, DBOHep20, and DBODec20. The
performance emissions of quaternary blends were tested at varied
engine loads from 5 Nm to 20 Nm (full load), while engine speed was
fixed at 1800 rpm. The results indicate that DBOProp20 resulted in
the lowest fuel consumption and highest thermal efficiency.
DBOProp20 reduced CO2, NOx, and smoke emissions by 19.6%, 9.9%, and
85.7%, as compared to diesel.
COVID-19 plasma exosomes promote pro-inflammatory immune responses in peripheral blood mononuclear cells
Authors: Chen Lechuang , Chen Rui , Yao Min , Feng Zhimin , Yuan Guoxiang , Ye Fengchun , Nguyen Kien , Karn Jonathan , McComsey Grace , McIntyre Thomas , Jin Ge 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Elevated serum cytokine production in COVID-19 patients is associated with disease progression and severity. However, the stimulus that initiates cytokine production in patients remains to be fully revealed. Virus-infected cells can release virus-associated exosomes, extracellular vesicles (EVs) of endocytic origin, into the blood to deliver viral cargoes able to regulate immune responses. Here, we report that plasma exosomes from COVID-19 patients contain SARS-CoV-2 RNA. COVID-19 plasma exosomes stimulated robust production of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and other inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in human peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Exosome depletion abolished these stimulated responses. COVID-19 plasma exosomes induced proinflammatoryresponses in CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and CD14+monocytes but not significantly in regulatory T cells, Th17 T cells, or memory T cells. COVID-19 plasma exosomes carry viral double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) intermediates, protect the dsRNA cargo from RNase, and deliver the dsRNA to recipient cells. COVID-19 plasma exosomes significantly increase the expression of endosomal toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9 in peripheral T cells and monocytes. Inhibition of TLR3 by a specific pharmacological inhibitor considerably reduced the production of cytokines and chemokines in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells but not in CD14+monocytes, highlighting divergent signaling pathways of immune cells in response to COVID-19 plasma exosomes. Our results indicate a novel model of crosstalk between SARS-CoV-2 infection and immune responses able to contribute to elevated cytokine production associated with COVID-19 progression, severity, and long-haul symptoms.
A Scalable Derivative-free Exploration Approach for Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Chen Xiong-Hui 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Exploration in complex environments remains a challenge for deep reinforcement learning (RL). Derivative-free optimization (DFO), which provides efficient black-box solution sampling mechanisms, is a potential way to address this issue. Recent studies which inject these mechanisms into RL have shown better exploration abilities than derivative-based policy optimization methods. However, we found that these methods suffer from low sample efficiency in high-dimensional policy parameter space, which limits the adaptability of these methods in complex tasks requiring large neural networks to represent well-performed policies. In this paper, we propose a scalable exploration algorithm based on derivative-free optimization, named Scalable Derivative-free Exploration (SDFE), which improves exploration in complex RL problems. SDFE handles the high-dimensional policy searching problem by optimizing policy in a transformed small parameter space of policy, rather than the original parameter space of policy neural network. SDFE is a general framework that is compatible with derivative-free optimization methods and off-policy policy-based algorithms. In experiments, we instantiate SDFE with two derivative-free optimization algorithms (SRACOS and CMAES) and three off-policy actor-critic algorithms (SAC, ACER, and DDPG), to show its efficiency and adaptability. We conduct experiments on MuJoCo tasks and 42 pixel-based games in Atari, empirically verifying that SDFE can reach better performance with a competitive number of samples on both tasks.
A Fast Failover Technique for Link Failures and Proactive controller based Fault Recovery Mechanism in Software Defined Networks
Authors: Kumar S Sharathkumar , Sreen N 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this work, a fast fault tolerant failure methodology is proposed to solve problems including single link and multi-link failure by including pre-established various alternate backup paths for each pair from origin to final destination.
In addition, a Reliable fast failover technique for link faults and fault recovery mechanism using proactive controller Software defined Network (FF-FRM-SDN) is implemented by making use of openflow-enabled switches and applying a disjoint path selection methodology producing the best failure recovery mechanism and to achieve the high probability of successful transmission. To conclude, if any fault or failure is detected in SDN, the proposed recovery approach minimizes available packet loss by making use of alternate paths and proactively form flow rules by using flow rules to reduce the failure recovery time.
From the simulation results obtained, the proposed FF_FRM_SDN method achieves considerably improved results w.r.t parameters like Packet loss Ratio, End-to-End delay (transmission delay) and Failure recovery time as compared with the other traditional SDN baseline approaches.
Effect of intubation in the lateral position under general anesthesia induction on the position of double-lumen tube placement in patients undergoing unilateral video-assisted thoracic surgery: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.
Authors: Zhang Xi , Wang Dong-Xu , Zhang Qin , Shen Qi-Bin , Tong Fei , Hu Yong-He , Zhang Zhen-Duo , Liu Fei-Fan , Tang Ya-Wen , Chen Juan-Li , Liu He , Hu Si-Ping 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
• Background

The double-lumen tube (DLT) is an essential equipment for thoracic anesthesia and the precise position of DLT placement is particularly important for anesthesia and surgery. However, the incidence of DLT malposition remains high and it leads to lung isolation failure and hypoxemia during one-lung ventilation. This trial aims to explore the clinical application and efficacy of intubation in the lateral position under general anesthesia induction to reduce the incidence of DLT malposition in patients undergoing unilateral video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS).

• Methods

In this prospective, randomized, controlled trial, we will recruit 108 patients, aged 18–80 years, scheduled for elective unilateral VATS with DLT intubation under general anesthesia, and they will be randomly assigned to two groups: a lateral DLT intubation group (group L) and a conventional supine DLT intubation group (group C). The left-sided DLT will be used to intubate in patients of both groups. The position of DLT will be confirmed and adjusted by using the fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB). The primary outcome is the incidence of DLT malposition observed via the FOB, and the secondary outcomes include the time of intubation, the frequency and duration of re-adjustments of DLT placement under FOB, whether to re-intubation, intraoperative vital signs and postoperative recovery.

• Discussion

Accurate DLT positioning is particularly important in thoracic surgery, but the incidence of DLT malposition is still high in the present thoracic anesthesia. This trial aims to investigate whether lateral DLT intubation can reduce the incidence of DLT malposition, with more stable intraoperative vital signs and fewer postoperative complications.

Trial registration:

Study protocol registered at Chinese Clinical Trial Registry with ChiCTR2200060794 on June 11, 2022.
A new insight on the NO-CO reaction at the electronic level: Homogeneous, E-R and L-H mechanisms
Authors: Yue Shuang , Wu Chengli , Li Kun 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Carbonaceous surface, as one of the major carriers in coal
combustion, was found to exert great influence on nitric oxide with
carbon monoxide (NO-CO) reactions. Although there have been some
studies addressing the NO-CO reaction, the inherent mechanism still
remains obscure. In this work, some updated mechanisms with details
were proposed at the electronic level. Using density functional
theory (DFT) calculations, the preferred pathways were identified
with three channels consisting of homogeneous reaction, the
Eley-Rideal (E-R) and Langmuir-Hinshelwood (L-H) heterogeneous
reactions. Through the analyses of chemical bond and electronic
transfer, the reasons for the difference in thermodynamic energy
among the three mechanisms were discussed in detail. Results show
that among these channels, the NO-CO reaction is more likely to
occur along E-R mechanism, due to its lower energy barrier of
rate-determining step. At the initial stage, there is a higher
degree of electronic localization between NO molecules in E-R
mechanism, leading to a lower energy barrier during the formation
of NO dimer. Meanwhile, a large quantify of electrons floods into
the N-N, N-O and O-O bonds of NO dimer in the homogeneous reaction,
which certainly gets more difficult for the dissociation of O atoms
in gas phase. Accordingly, the following stage of N2
formation has a higher energy barrier than both E-R and L-H
mechanisms. Compared to L-H mechanism, the E-R mechanism exhibits a
lower degree of electronic localization between N2O and
carbonaceous surface. Therefore, the interfacial interaction
between them in E-R mechanism is weaker than that in L-H mechanism,
so that it is easy to take N2 out of carbonaceous
surface in E-R mechanism. To sum up, the result deepens the
knowledge about the NO-CO reaction, which will help to further
develop the oxy-fuel combustion technology.