bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the societal drivers of human echinococcosis in China
Authors: Wang Li-Ying , Qin Min , Gavotte Laurent , Wu Wei-Ping , Cheng Xixi , Frutos Roger 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Echinococcosis is a parasitic zoonotic disease that threatens human health and economic development. In China, 370 counties are endemic for echinococcosis. Qinghai-Tibet Plateau displays the highest number of patients and people at risk. Therefore, analyzing the societal factors of susceptibility to the disease is critical for efficient prevention and control of echinococcosis.Methods: The demographic characteristics and lifestyle of echinococcosis cases were clustered using K-means cluster analysis to determine the main factors of risk to echinococcosis.Results: Middle-aged and young people as well as those with a low education level and herdsmen are at risk of contracting echinococcosis. Nomadism, domestic and feral dogs in the surrounding environment, but also drinking heavily polluted natural surface water are the main behavioral risk factors. The cystic echinococcosis (CE) and alveolar echinococcosis (AE) cluster analysis focused on females, middle-aged and young people, winter settlement and summer nomadism, and domestic and feral dogs in the surrounding environment. There were significant differences in lifestyle between Qinghai-Tibet Plateau cases and non-Qinghai Tibet-Plateau cases.Conclusion: According to the distribution of cases and CE and AE, this study identified the factors of risk to echinococcosis in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and non-Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Adapted control techniques appropriate for the various epidemic areas should be established to serve as a reference for echinococcosis prevention.
The fourth pillar of inequality? Different levels of policymakers’ scientific scenario knowledge widen the gap between World regions
Authors: Pedersen Jiesper Strandsbjerg Tristan , Gomes Carla , Gupta Joyeeta , Vuuren Detlef van , Swart Rob 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Emission scenarios represent a backbone in future climate change analyzes1–3, informing policy responses and designs4–8. Despite increasing scientific publications and improved scenario quality9, this has not been translated into sufficient policy actions10,11. Finalizing the 6th assessment cycle of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), what is needed to enhance the policymaker relevance of scenario work for the next one? The precise role of emission scenarios in policymaking is not explicitly explored in the literature, and the policymakers' perspectives and needs are not expressed. We found, via a survey distributed to national focal points of the 25th Conference of the Parties (COP25) under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), a gap between industrialized (Annex-I) and least, semi, and newly industrializing (non-Annex-I) countries on policymakers’ knowledge and capacities in using scenarios and applying them meaningfully to policymaking. Overall, policymakers express a divide between how scenarios have been communicated and how they could be presented to increase their policy actionability. Our results demonstrate that two (contrasting) needs are expressed: more simple scenario communication and more national detail. Furthermore, policymakers focus on understanding and using the scenario tools for negotiations and national policy, contrasting the scientific focus on the quality of assumptions, processes, approaches, and methods12–14. For the upcoming COP27 and successive COPs, the scientific community developing scenarios has three crucial gaps to close to increase the scenarios’ relevance for policy designs. Provide national scenarios in non-Annex-I, improving policy relevance via a more detailed understanding of policymaker needs and objectives, and closing the knowledge gaps between the non-Annex-I and Annex-I regions. This also translates into increasing policy-relevant research in locations outside the Annex-I regions and setting up scenario training and modeling institutions. A precondition for effective scenario use is that the policymaking community clearly communicates its evolving goals and priorities to the scientific community.
Development of a Performance Measurement System for General Practitioners’ Office in China’s Primary Healthcare
Authors: Lei Yi , Ruan Wenjie , Liu Changming , Liao Xiaoyang , Guo Zhaoxia , Zhang Yalin , Chen Huadong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background General practitioners are the main providers of primary care services. To better strengthen the important role of general practitioners in primary healthcare services, China is promoting the general practitioners’ office system. There is a lack of well-accepted methods to measure the performance of general practitioner offices in China. We thus aim to develop a systematic and operable performance measurement system for evaluating the general practitioner's office.Methods We establish an index pool of the performance measurement system of general practitioners’ offices by a cross-sectional study and the literature research method and adopt the focus group method to establish the preliminary system. The Delphi method is then used to conduct three rounds of consultation to modify indices, which aims to form the final indicator system. We determine the weight of each index by the analytic hierarchy process method, which together with the final indicator system constitutes the final performance measurement system. Finally, we select three offices from three different cities in Sichuan Province, China, as case offices to conduct the field study, aiming to assess its credibility.Results Our results show that the first office scored 958.5 points, the second scored 768.1 points, and the third scored 947.7 points, which corresponds to the reality of these three offices, meaning that the performance measurement system is effective and manoeuvrable.Conclusions Our study provides support for standardizing the functions of China's general practitioner's office, improving the health service quality of generalists, and providing a theoretical basis for the standardization of the general practitioner's office.
The automated method of Summarization of Audio Data
Authors: Pardhi Jatin , Kharik Tanmay 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In today's modern era, most of the organizations have their own call centers or they outsourced another company for handling calls. Customers have high expectations that their issues be addressed and handled quickly and efficiently. In call-centers when a customer problem is not resolved by one service person, it is forwarded to the person who is the superior one. Most of the time the call recording of the customer is used for further references. In that case whoever has reviewed the call recording has to go through the entire recording which is a very tedious task. In this paper, we designed a methodology by which we have summarized the audio data. First, we used a Speech recognizer for converting audio data to Text using AssemblyAI API and then summarized it using the Graph-theoretic approach.
Investigation of temporal changes in the uptake of heavy metals in strawberries by different organs of rat
Authors: Rahimi Ghasem , Ebrahimi Eisa , Shali Sepideh Yeganeh , rahimi meisam , Zanjani Reza Sourati 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In recent years, heavy metal pollution has been shown as a significant environmental issue for human societies. This pollution is caused by industrial and agricultural activities that enter the food chain through different cycles. In this regard, this study aimed to investigate the accumulation and distribution of heavy metals at different times in different organs of rats that were under different nutritional conditions. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with hydroponic strawberry treatments in three replications. Also, different groups of rat (three groups of negative control, polluted and positive control) were fed with strawberries polluted by heavy metals by oral gavage for one, two and three months, every day. The amount of heavy metals in different organs was measured at each stage. 27 rats were studied in this study. Heavy metals decreased the rate of weight gain of rats. Accumulation of these metals was higher in kidney, liver and pancreas than other organs. The brain revealed the lowest accumulation of cadmium (4.78 mg/kg body weight of rat) in the first month among the studied organs. The highest uptake of cadmium and nickel were in the kidney and liver, respectively. In general, results show that the accumulation of heavy metals in the body is a function of time, type of element and organ. If pollution is not controlled in the country's food cycle, these metals are absorbed in large quantities by the body and show their side effects and problems.
The Effect of Nursing Care and Follow-up for Mothers of Infants Undergoing Congenital Heart Surgery: A Quasi-Experimental Study
Authors: AY Ayşe , KOÇ Gülten 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Improvements in congenital heart surgery (CHS) have resulted in an increasing number of infants surviving, but there remain concerns about home care and difficulties experienced by mothers. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of nursing care and follow-up for the mothers of infants undergoing CHS on anxiety, care burden, and self-efficacy. The study was designed as a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test and post-test control group design. The study included 40 mothers whose infants had undergone CHS. Nursing care was provided to the mothers included in the study group through a total of six home follow-ups until the third month after surgery, guided by the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association and Nursing Diagnosis System and Nursing Interventions Classification. Data were collected through Care Needs Identification Form, Spielberger’s State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI), and Parental Self-efficacy Scale (PSE). The mean STAI and ZBI scores for the mothers in the intervention group decreased, while the mean PSE scores increased as the follow-up progressed and it was determined that by the third month, the difference between the mothers in the intervention group and those in the control group in terms of post-test STAI, ZBI, and PSE had become statistically significant. Providing appropriate nursing care practices to the mothers of the infants with CHD in home setting would contribute immensely to decrease the potential problems experienced by the mothers.
Clustered Ensemble Feature Selection with M-GRU Classification for Efficient Intrusion Detection System of Industrial Systems
Authors: Karthigha M , L Latha 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In today's scenario, infrastructures, such as the power grid and nuclear power plant, the industrial control system (ICS) is crucial. Yet, there is growing worry that ICS systems are susceptible to threats or attacks, and that even minor changes or manipulation could cause major damage to industrial operations. In this paper, an efficient intrusion detection system with clustered ensemble feature selection and Multi-Level Modified Gated Recurrent Unit (M-GRU) classification model is proposed. Clustered ensemble feature selection approach is to find the best feature subset. The features are ranked based on scores from base algorithms and aggregated using aggregation algorithms. Diverse base algorithms are elected using clustering technique. The features designated are fed into a multi class classification algorithm Multi-Level Modified Gated Recurrent Unit (M-GRU). NSL-KDD training and testing dataset is used in this work for feature selection and classification. The results infer that the proposed feature selection method with classification model improves accuracy and lowers false alarm rate compared to other models.
Resistance of Dickeya solani strain IPO 2222 to lytic bacteriophage ΦD5 results in fitness tradeoffs for the bacterium during infection
Authors: Czajkowski Robert , Bartnik Przemyslaw , Lewtak Kinga , Fiołka Marta , Czaplewska Paulina , Narajczyk Magdalena 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Resistance to bacteriophage infections protects bacteria in phage-replete environments, enabling them to survive and multiply in the presence of their viral predators. However, such resistance may confer costs for strains, reducing their ecological fitness as expressed as competitiveness for resources or virulence or both. There is limited knowledge about such costs paid by phage-resistant plant pathogenic bacteria in their natural habitats. This study analyzed the costs of phage resistance paid by the phytopathogenic pectinolytic bacterium Dickeya solani both in vitro and in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) plants. Thirteen Tn5 mutants of D. solani IPO 2222 were identified that exhibited resistance to infection by lytic bacteriophage vB_Dsol_D5 (ΦD5). The genes disrupted in these mutants encoded proteins involved in the synthesis of bacterial envelope components (viz. LPS, EPS and capsule). Although phage resistance did not affect most of the phenotypes of ΦD5-resistant D. solani such as growth rate, production of effectors, swimming and swarming motility, use of various carbon and nitrogen sources and biofilm formation evaluated in vitro, all phage resistant mutants were significantly compromised in their ability to survive on leaf surfaces as well as to grow within and cause disease symptoms in potato plants.
Evolution of high-temperature extremes over the main Euro-Mediterranean airports
Authors: Gallardo Victoria , Riber Eleonore , Terray Laurent 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The increasing intensity and frequency of high-temperature events in response to climate change can potentially impact the aviation industry, since aircraft takeoff and landing performances depend on near-surface air temperature. Previous studies have combined climate data with aircraft technical data to estimate the future impact of rising high temperatures on aircraft takeoff. They found a decrease of maximum takeoff weights and the lengthening of takeoff distances. The Mediterranean region is a climate change ”hot spot” area, specially concerned by extreme high-temperatures increase. In this study, the amplitude and trends of the daily maximum near-surface temperature extremes in summer were analysed over the main airports in Southwestern Europe. Changes in the period 1961-2014 were analysed from observations and reanalysis. Future changes by 2021-2050 and 2071-2100, with respect to 1961-2005, were analysed from simulations performed with Regional and Global Climate Models (RCMs and GCMs). Before assessing future climate projections, climate models were evaluated in present climate, and the RCM and GCM ensembles were compared to each other. No clear added value was found for RCMs over GCMs in present climate at the airport scale in these terms. GCMs project larger temperature changes than RCMs over the same locations. Multi-Model Ensemble mean projected changes under the RCP8.5 scenario range between +1.7 and +3.2 ◦ C by the near term, and between +4.9 and +8.5 ◦ C by the long term. This dramatic increase of high-temperature extremes would deduce negative impacts on airport operations. Therefore, adaptation or mitigation policies would become necessary to face the derived socio-economic impact.
Improving sexual dysfunction through guided imagery and music (GIM): A clinical trial study
Authors: Mohammadi Elahe , AbdiShahshahani Mahshid , Noroozi Mahnaz , Mohammadi Ali Zade , Beigi Marjan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Introduction: Women with perfect health are strong foundations of a healthy and prosperous family life and suppressing the natural needs of women will have adverse effects on the intimacy and vitality of family members especially in the field of sexual function. This study aimed to determine the effect of guided imagery and music (GIM) on the level of sexual function in women with sexual dysfunction.Method: This study was performed as a clinical trial on 72 women of reproductive age with sexual dysfunction (two 36-individual groups) referred to comprehensive health centers in Isfahan, Iran. Sampling was conducted in a convenience way and by step-by-step stages of guided imagery and music. No special intervention was performed in the control group. Data collection tools were demographic characteristics questionnaire and standard questionnaire of female sexual function index. Data analysis was performed by SPSS software using descriptive and analytical statistics with 95% confidence level. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in sexual function and demographic characteristics before the intervention between the two groups (Pvalue >0.05). The results demonstrated that the overall score of sexual function in the intervention subjects was better than the control group. (Pvalue <0.05) Improvement of sexual function dimensions (desire, arousal, orgasm) were also significant in the intervention group compared to the control group (Pvalue <0.05). Conclusion: Guided imagery and music (GIM) can be effective in improving women sexual function. This technique is recommended for reproductive age women with sexual dysfunction or women who want to enhance sexual function.
CELF Pretreatment Improves Ethanol Titers from High Solids SSF of Hardwood Poplar
Authors: Sengupta Priya , Wyman Charles E. , Cai Charles M. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Woody biomass is not only abundant and sustainably available but also contains more glucan than most agricultural feedstocks. However, its structural strength and density make it more recalcitrant to enzymatic breakdown and limit SSF performance, especially at higher solids loadings needed to achieve desired ethanol titers. Because Co-Solvent Enhanced Lignocellulosic Fractionation (CELF) highly enriches glucan contents in pretreated solids by removing and recovering most of the hemicellulose and lignin, we hypothesized that the greater glucan in SSF at solids loadings that inhibit mixing than possible for other pretreatments would make it possible to achieve higher ethanol titers and yields. Application of a fractal kinetic model to data from enzymatic hydrolysis of CELF pretreated poplar indicated that CELF solids could sustain high cellulase enzyme activity over the entire course of hydrolysis with minimal enzyme deactivation. Model parameters further suggested that increasing enzyme loadings beyond 15 mg protein/g glucan in raw poplar would not increase saccharification performance. Based on these predictions, SSF was applied to solids produced by CELF pretreatment of poplar using Cellic® CTec2 cellulase at a loading of 15 mg-protein/ g-glucan in combination with S. cerevisiae D5A. At CELF solids loadings of 13, 17, and 20 wt%, SSF realized ethanol titers of 60, 78, and 87 g/L and yields of 87, 84, and 79% of theoretical in respective orders of increasing solids loadings. Furthermore, sugar release was sustained throughout SSF, irrespective of solids loading, suggested that yeast ethanol tolerance and metabolic capability and not glucan digestibility limited SSF performance.
Prognostic Value of Iron Metabolism-Related Genes in Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma
Authors: He Chengyan , Lu Hezhen , Yue Siqi , Yang Zhaowei , Pan Junqi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Iron metabolism-related genes have shown good predictive value for the prognosis of many solid tumours. However, iron metabolism-related genes have not been reported as prognostic biomarkers in bladder urothelial carcinoma.Methods: In this study, gene expression data and clinical data were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Differential gene expression analysis, univariate Cox regression analysis and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression algorithm were used to screen prognostic iron metabolism-related genes and to construct a risk scoring model. Kaplan-Meier survival plots and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis were used to evaluate the prognostic performance of the risk scoring model in the TCGA-BLCA cohort. In addition, a nomogram model with the risk score was established, and its predictive performance was verified by receiver operating characteristic analysis and calibration plot analysis in the TCGA-BLCA cohort. Gene set enrichment analysis identified pathways and biological processes that may be enriched in the high-risk group. Finally, immune infiltration analysis was used to explore the characteristics of the tumour microenvironment related to the risk score. Results: We identified 14 iron metabolism-related genes with prognostic value and constructed a risk scoring model. Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that the risk scoring model can accurately predict the 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year overall survival of BLCA patients in the TCGA-BLCA cohort. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the overall survival of the high-risk group was significantly lower than that of the low-risk group (P<0.001). The nomogram model effectively predicted the overall survival of BLCA patients in the TCGA-BLCA cohort. Gene set enrichment analysis indicated that iron metabolism-related genes may be involved in biological processes such as developmental processes, the cell cycle, mitosis, the RHO GTPase response, DNA repair, and extracellular matrix regulation. Immune infiltration analysis showed that the level of immune cell infiltration in the high-risk group was high, and the risk score was positively correlated with infiltrating immune cells. Conclusions: Our prognostic model based on iron metabolism-related genes in BLCA could help the prognostic assessment of BLCA patients and provide potential targets for BLCA inhibition.
Dietary fat enhanced chylomicron-mediated LPS translocation in a Caco-2 transwell model
Authors: Tomassen Monic M.M. , Govers Coen , Vos A. Paul , de Wit Nicole J.W. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
There is increasing evidence that dietary fat, and especially saturated fat, promotes the absorption of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) via enhanced chylomicron production. The latter can subsequently transport LPS to other parts of the body, where it can induce low-grade chronic inflammation that links to various metabolic and gut-related diseases. To identify promising (food) compounds that can prevent or ameliorate LPS-related low grade inflammation, we developed and optimized an in vitro model for dietary fat-induced LPS translocation that mimics the in vivo situation and facilitates high-throughput screening.
Results
Differentiated Caco-2 cells were exposed to in vitro digested palm oil and sunflower oil in a dilution range, with or without starvation to optimize chylomicron production. To measure fat-induced chylomicron production, basolateral levels of the chylomicron-related marker apolipoprotein B (ApoB) were assessed. An optimal production was found after apical exposure to digested oils in a 1:50 dilution, preceded by one-week starvation (cultured without fetal bovine serum). Next, LPS was co-incubated in various concentrations with the digested oils and fat-induced LPS translocation to the basolateral side was assessed. We found that dietary fat-induced LPS translocation in Caco-2 cells was optimal after apical exposure to the digested oils in combination with 750ng/ml LPS. Subsequent co-incubation with the chylomicron blocker Pluronic L81 indicated that the fat-induced LPS translocation was at least partly mediated by chylomicrons.
Conclusions
We developed a robust Caco-2 cell model for dietary fat-induced LPS translocation that can be used for high-throughput screening of (food) compounds that can reduce LPS-related low grade inflammation.