bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fosaprepitant Does Not Interfere With Commonly Used Intraoperative Neuromonitoring Modalities Under General Anesthesia: A Preliminary Study
Authors: López Jaime R. , Jaffe Richard A. , López Isabella R. , Burbridge Mark A. 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Fosaprepitant [Emend®], a neurokinin type-1 [NK-1] receptor antagonist, is a highly effective for the prophylaxis of postoperative nausea and vomiting [PONV] after general anesthesia; it is particularly effective in patients undergoing neurosurgical procedures. Based on the widespread distribution of NK-1 receptors in the central and peripheral nervous systems, we sought to determine whether fosaprepitant administration would interfere with commonly used intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring modalities during general anesthesia.

Methods:
Eleven patients having propofol-based general anesthesia for interventional neuroradiology procedures were administered 150 mg fosaprepitant intravenously after baseline electroencephalogram [EEG], transcranial motor evoked potential [TcMEP], and somatosensory evoked potential [SSEP] recordings were obtained. Recordings of these neuromonitoring modalities at 30, 60, and 90 min after fosaprepitant administration were compared to baseline.

Results:
Fosaprepitant did not have a significant effect on SSEP/TcMEP amplitudes or latencies, or on TcMEP morphology. There were also no changes in EEG voltage, frequency, or symmetry.

Conclusion:
Fosaprepitant does not appear to markedly interfere with SSEP, TcMEP, or EEG neuromonitoring modalities during propofol-based general anesthesia.
Crossing the Bridge from Degeneration to Deformity: When Does Sagittal Correction Impact Outcomes in Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery?
Authors: Williamson Tyler K , Krol Oscar , Tretiakov Peter , Joujon-Roche Rachel , Imbo Bailey , Ahmad Salman , Owusu-Sarpong Stephane , Lebovic Jordan , Ihejirika-Lomedico Rivka , Dinizo Michael , Vira Shaleen , Dhillon Ekamjeet , O’Connell Brooke , Maglaras Constance , Schoenfeld Andrew J , Janjua M. Burhan , Alan Nima , Diebo Bassel , Paulino Carl , Smith Justin S. , Raman Tina , Lafage Renaud , Protopsaltis Themistocles , Lafage Virginie , Passias Peter G. 
Published: August 2022

Background.
Patients with less severe adult spinal deformity undergo surgical correction and often achieve good clinical outcomes. However, it is not well understood how much clinical improvement is due to sagittal correction rather than treatment of the spondylotic process.

Purpose.
Determine baseline thresholds in radiographic parameters that, when exceeded, may result in substantive clinical improvement from surgical correction.

Study Design.
Retrospective

Methods.
ASD patients with BL and 2-year(2Y) data were included. Parameters assessed: SVA, PI-LL, PT, T1PA, L1PA, L4-S1 Lordosis, C2-C7 SVA(cSVA), C2-T3, C2 Slope(C2S). Outcomes: Good Outcome(GO) at 2Y: [Meeting either: 1) SCB for ODI(change greater than 18.8), or 2) ODI<15 and SRS-Total>4.5. Binary logistic regression assessed each parameter to determine if correction was more likely needed to achieve GO. Conditional inference tree(CIT) run machine learning analysis generated baseline thresholds for each parameter, above which, correction was necessary to achieve GO.

Results.
We included 431 ASD patients. There were 223(50%) that achieved a GO by two years. Binary logistic regression analysis demonstrated, with increasing baseline severity in deformity, sagittal correction was more often seen in those achieving GO for each parameter(all P<0.001). Of patients with baseline T1PA above the threshold, 95% required correction to meet Good Outcome(95% vs. 54%,P<0.001). A baseline PI-LL above 10° (74% of patients meeting GO) needed correction to achieve GO (OR: 2.6,[95% CI 1.4-4.8]). A baseline C2 slope above 15° also necessitated correction to obtain clinical success (OR: 7.7,[95% CI 3.7-15.7]).

Conclusion.
Our study highlighted point may be present at which sagittal correction has an outsized influence on clinical improvement, reflecting the line where deformity becomes a significant contributor to disability. These new thresholds give us insight into which patients may be more suitable for sagittal correction, as opposed to intervention for the spondylotic process only, leading to a more efficient utility of surgical intervention for adult spinal deformity.

Level of Evidence.
III
Treatment of Hepatitis C Virus Prior to Posterior Lumbar Fusion
Authors: Kamalapathy Pramod N. , Das Avilash , Chen Dennis , Raso Jon , Hassanzadeh Hamid 
Published: August 2022

Study Design:
Retrospective cohort.

Objective:
To analyze and confirm the rates of postoperative complications of patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) undergoing primary posterior lumbar fusion (PLF) and assess whether treatment of HCV before surgery reduces complications.

Background Context:
HCV causes chronic disease, leading to increased risk of cirrhosis and chronic illness. Currently, there is a lack of research regarding whether the patient’s HCV is a modifiable risk factor for postoperative complications after spinal procedures.

Methods:
The Mariner database was utilized to find patients from 2010 to 2018 undergoing PLF with active follow-up for a year. Cases involving same-day revision procedures and patients with a history of spine, infection, trauma, human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B, or neoplasm were excluded. Patients with a history of HCV diagnosis were identified and further stratified whether they had prior treatment using the national drug codes for antiviral, interferons, or ribavirin. Patients with HCV were matched with those without respect to age, sex, and comorbidity of burden. Outcome measured included 90-day medical complications, infection, readmission, and 1-year reoperation.

Results:
There were 2,129 patients with HCV and 10,544 patients in the matched control group who underwent primary PLF. Out of the 2,129 patients, 469 (22.0.%) were treated with HCV medications before surgery. Patients with prior history of HCV had a significantly increased risk of wound complications (4.4% vs. 3.2%, odds ratio 1.56, 95% confidence interval 1.24–1.96, P=0.009), and infection (7.7% vs. 5.7%, odds ratio 1.26, 95% confidence interval 1.07–1.53, P=0.009) within 90 days of surgery. Patients treated before surgery did not have a difference in major (P=0.205) or minor medical complications (P=0.681) after surgery.

Conclusions:
Patients with prior history of HCV are at increased risk for many complications after surgery; however, this risk factor does not seem to be modifiable as the treatment group did not experience any improvement in postoperative outcomes.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.
Immune-Mediated Small Fiber Neuropathy With Trisulfated Heparin Disaccharide, Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 3, or Plexin D1 Antibodies: Presentation and Treatment With Intravenous Immunoglobulin
Authors: Zeidman Lawrence A. , Saini Pravesh , Mai Peter 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objectives:
Up to 50% of small fiber neuropathy (SFN) cases are idiopathic, but novel antibodies to Trisulfated Heparin Disaccharide (TS-HDS) and fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR-3) have been implicated in half of these cases; the role of anti-Plexin D1 is less clear. We aimed to clarify presentation and management of these patients.

Methods:
An 18-month retrospective analysis revealed 54 cases of cryptogenic SFN who had testing for the 3 autoantibodies. Demographics, clinical features, epidermal nerve fiber density, and Quantitative Sudomotor Axon Reflex Test results were analyzed. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) treatment response was assessed.

Results:
In total, 44.4% of patients had antibodies (62.5% TS-HDS, 29.2% FGFR-3, and 20.8% Plexin D1). Male patients were more likely to be FGFR-3 positive (P = 0.014). Facial involvement was more common in seropositive patients (P = 0.034), and patients with a higher Utah Early Neuropathy Scale score had a higher TS-HDS titer (P = 0.0469), but other clinical features were not significantly different. Seropositive patients trended toward a higher SFN screening list score (P = 0.16), abnormal Quantitative Sudomotor Axon Reflex Test (P = 0.052), and prior erroneous diagnosis (P = 0.19). In patients who completed IVIG, examinations and questionnaires improved and mean epidermal nerve fiber density increased by 297%.

Conclusions:
TS-HDS, FGFR-3, and Plexin D1 antibodies are present in a high proportion of cryptogenic SFN cases with more facial involvement, and greater disease severity is associated with higher antibody titers. They are often misdiagnosed but may respond subjectively and objectively to IVIG.
Tourniquet Does Not Affect Long-term Outcomes in Minor Hand Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: de Roo Saskia F. , Teunissen Joris S. , Rutten Matthieu J. C. M. , van der Heijden Brigitte E. P. A. 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Surgeons often prefer to use a tourniquet during minor procedures, such as carpal tunnel release (CTR) or trigger finger release (TFR). Besides the possible discomfort for the patient, the effect of tourniquet use on long-term results and complications is unknown. Our primary aim was to compare the patient-reported outcomes 1 year after CTR or TFR under local anesthesia with or without tourniquet. Secondary outcomes included satisfaction, sonographically estimated scar tissue thickness after CTR‚ and postoperative complications.

Methods:
Between May 2019 and May 2020, 163 patients planned for open CTR or TFR under local anesthesia were included. Before surgery, and at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively, Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand and Boston Carpal Tunnel questionnaires were administered, and complications were noted. At 6 months postoperatively, an ultrasound was conducted to determine the thickness of scar tissue in the region of median nerve.

Results:
A total of 142 patients (51 men [38%]) were included. The Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire and Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire scores improved significantly in both groups during follow-up, wherein most improvements were seen in the first 3 months. No difference in clinical outcome and scar tissue formation was found between the two groups after 12 months. The complication rate was comparable between both groups. Thirty-two (24%) patients had at least one complication, none needed surgical interventions, and no recurrent symptoms were seen.

Conclusions:
Our study shows similar long-term clinical outcomes, formation of scar tissue, and complication rates for patients undergoing CTR or TFR with or without a tourniquet. Tourniquet usage should be based on shared decision-making.
Hybrid and endovascular approaches to the aortic arch
Authors: Brown James A. , Szeto Wilson Y. , Sultan Ibrahim 
Published: August 2022

Purpose of review
The gold standard treatment for aneurysms and dissections involving the aortic arch remains open total arch replacement. High-risk operative candidates may benefit from hybrid or completely endovascular techniques to reduce the risk of perioperative mortality and morbidity.

Recent findings
Numerous endografts are available for investigational use in the aortic arch as part of investigational device exemption (IDE) programs. Some are fenestrated or scalloped, whereas others are branched, ranging from single branch to triple branch stent-grafts. Initial results for completely endovascular repair of the aortic arch are encouraging. Current data estimates that rates of successful deployment of arch endografts ranges from 84.2% to 100%, whereas operative mortality may be as high as 13.2%, with stroke rates being as high as 20% and spinal cord ischemia being as high as 3.1%.

Summary
More data are necessary to compare hybrid and endovascular stent-grafting of the aortic arch to conventional open total arch replacement. Longitudinal follow-up is also lacking, which will determine the long-term durability of endografts in the aortic arch. However, endovascular repair represents an important opportunity for improving outcomes in high-risk patients with complex aneurysms and dissections of the aortic arch.
OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY FINDINGS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC THROMBOEMBOLIC PULMONARY HYPERTENSION
Authors: Krajewski Przemysław , Turczyńska Monika , Gołębiewska Joanna , Roik Marek , Brydak-Godowska Joanna 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:
To investigate microvascular changes in the retina and choroid of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) patients in comparison with healthy control subjects.

Methods:
This observational clinical cohort study included 36 CTEPH patients (72 eyes) and 65 healthy control subjects (130 eyes). Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical coherence tomography angiography images were obtained from each participant using the AngioVue Imaging System (Optovue, Inc, Freemont, CA).

Results:
A number of differences were found in the CTEPH cohort, including reductions in mean vessel density at the deep vascular complex of the macula and a reduction in mean subfoveal choroidal thickness. Furthermore, the CTEPH group displayed an increase in foveal avascular zone. The presence of at least one systemic disease, including arterial hypertension, diabetes, chronic coronary syndrome, and/or hyperlipidemia, in CTEPH patients increased the range of vascular complications. The presence of comorbidity was concomitant with a decrease in mean vessel density in the superficial vascular complex of the macula, excluding the fovea, and a decrease in mean vessel density in the radial peripapillary capillary plexus.

Conclusion:
Measurements of the foveal avascular zone and vessel density of the DVC and subfoveal choroidal thickness may be useful and sensitive predictors of retinal and choroidal circulation impairment in CTEPH patients without systemic disease.
CONGENITAL POSTERIOR POLAR CHORIORETINAL HYPOPLASIA
Authors: Small Kent W. , Tawfik Caroline A. , Udar Nitin , Udar Uma , Avetisjan Jessica , El-aidy Lamia A. , Shaya Fadi S. 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:
To describe a new ocular phenotype in a single Egyptian family associated with a heterozygous noncoding mutation in the North Carolina macular dystrophy (NCMD/MCDR1) locus, likely affecting the PRDM13 gene.

Methods:
A retrospective, clinical chart review of 11 members of a four-generation family. Comprehensive ophthalmic examinations included visual acuity, refraction, fundus imaging, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, and full-field electroretinography. Molecular genetic analysis of the MCDR1 region was performed using whole genome and targeted sequencing. The main outcome measures were DNA sequence variants, clinical, retinal imaging, and electroretinography findings.

Results:
The five affected adult family members tested carried a single heterozygous mutation in a noncoding region (Chr6:100,046,783A>C) located 7.8 kb upstream of PRDM13. Visual acuity ranged from 20/200 to 20/400. All members had extensive chorioretinal absence/thinning extending outside of the maculae with extensive posterior bowing of the choroid and sclera centered in the macula giving a large macular coloboma-like appearance. Two additional members had cystoid fluid, and one had macular detachment. Full-field electroretinography revealed reduced cone and rod responses in all affected members.

Conclusion:
The phenotype of this disease falls between the spectrum of progressive bifocal chorioretinal atrophy and NCMD. The findings are most consistent with progressive bifocal chorioretinal atrophy with the exception that there is no bifocal nature to the appearance nor is it progressive. Another view is that the phenotype seems to be an extremely severe form of NCMD. Given that this disease falls in between progressive bifocal chorioretinal atrophy and NCMD, we propose calling it congenital posterior polar chorioretinal hypoplasia.
PARACENTRAL ACUTE MIDDLE MACULOPATHY ASSOCIATED WITH SEVERE PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM MALARIA
Authors: Ramtohul Prithvi , Chehaibou Ismael , Bonnin Sophie , Burlacu Ruxandra , Gaudric Alain , Tadayoni Ramin 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:
To report a case of bilateral paracentral acute middle maculopathy lesions on spectral domain-optical coherence tomography(OCT) secondary to severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria.

Methods:
Retrospective case report. Spectral domain-OCT, ultra-widefield fluorescein angiography, and OCT angiography were performed and analyzed.

Results:
A 54-year-old healthy man presented with acute vision loss in both eyes few days after being diagnosed with severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Ophthalmoscopic examination was unremarkable, but near-infrared reflectance imaging showed patchy hyporeflective areas located at the terminal tips of the venous branches. Corresponding spectral-domain OCT demonstrated alternating bands of hyperreflectivity involving the inner nuclear layer, consistent with skip paracentral acute middle maculopathy lesions. Optical coherance tomography angiography illustrated corresponding flow signal loss at the level of the deep capillary plexus. Ultra-widefield fluorescein angiography showed peripheral retinal vein staining and capillary nonperfusion.

Conclusion:
Paracentral acute middle maculopathy may be an OCT manifestation of malarial retinopathy associated with severe Plasmodium falciparum infection.
Relation of whole-body metabolic tumor volume and total lesion glycolysis on fluorodeoxyglucose PET/computed tomography with clinical and laboratory parameters in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma
Authors: Goksel Sibel , Ilkkilic Kadir , Bulbul Ogun , Akdogan Elif 
Published: August 2022

Objective
This study aims to evaluate the relationships of metabolic fluorodeoxyglucose PET/computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) parameters such as whole-body metabolic tumor volume (WB MTV), WB-total lesion glycolysis (TLG), and bone marrow (BM)-mean standard uptake value (SUVmean) with clinical stage and other prognostic biomarkers in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM) patients.

Methods
Patients who underwent pretreatment PET/CT with the diagnosis of MM were evaluated retrospectively. The number of focal lesions, WB MTV, WB TLG, and BM SUVmean values were measured on FDG PET/CT images. Clinical stages and prognostic laboratory parameters were recorded the pretreatment period.

Results
WB MTV and WB TLG values were significantly higher in patients with more than three focal lesions on FDG PET/CT scan (all P < 0.001). According to the Revised International Staging System (R-ISS), all WB MTV, WB TLG, and BM SUVmean values are significantly higher in patients with stage 3 disease than in stages 1–2 (P = 0.027, P = 0.019, P = 0.001, respectively). Serum creatinine level is positively correlated with WB MTV, WB TLG, and BM SUVmean values (P = 0.020, P = 0.004, P < 0.001, respectively). In addition, the β2 microglobulin level, an essential biochemical prognostic parameter, was positively correlated with the BM SUVmean value (P = 0.013).

Conclusion
The BM SUVmean, WB MTV, and WB TLG values, which reflect FDG avid WB tumor burden, are associated with prognostic biomarkers and R-ISS stage in newly diagnosed MM patients. It contributes to the identification of high-risk patients at the pretreatment staging.
Hidden hearing loss: current concepts
Authors: Bajin Munir Demir , Dahm Valerie , Lin Vincent Y.W. 
Published: August 2022

Purpose of review
The purpose of this review is to offer a concise summary of current knowledge regarding hidden hearing loss (HHL) and to describe the variety of mechanisms that contribute to its development. We will also discuss the various diagnostic tools that are available as well as future directions.

Recent findings
Hidden hearing loss often also called cochlear synaptopathy affects afferent synapses of the inner hair cells. This description is in contrast to traditional models of hearing loss, which predominantly affects auditory hair cells. In HHL, the synapses of nerve fibres with a slow spontaneous firing rate, which are crucial for locating sound in background noise, are severely impaired. In addition, recent research suggests that HHL may also be related to cochlear nerve demyelination. Noise exposure causes loss of myelin sheath thickness. Auditory brainstem response, envelope-following response and middle-ear muscle reflex are promising diagnostic tests, but they have yet to be validated in humans.

Summary
Establishing diagnostic tools for cochlear synaptopathy in humans is important to better understand this patient population, predict the long-term outcomes and allow patients to take the necessary protective precautions.
Cognitive and behavioral effects of hearing loss
Authors: Babajanian Eric E. , Gurgel Richard K. 
Published: August 2022

Purpose of review
Hearing loss is one of the largest modifiable risk factors for developing dementia, accounting for up to 9% of the overall modifiable risk. The neuropsychologic and psychosocial impacts of hearing loss are becoming increasingly appreciated. The objective of this review is to explore the recent literature regarding the cognitive and behavioral effects of hearing loss and the role of hearing rehabilitation, particularly in older adults.

Recent findings
Cognitive decline may begin while patients have subclinical hearing loss, earlier than previously thought. Hearing rehabilitation, either via hearing amplification, middle ear surgery, or cochlear implantation, likely plays a role in preventing or slowing the rate of cognitive decline in patients with hearing loss. Hearing loss can increase the likelihood of social isolation, loneliness and depression in older adults, but it is unclear at this time what effect hearing rehabilitation has on these domains.

Summary
Hearing loss is one of the largest modifiable risk factors for cognitive decline, and hearing rehabilitation can play a significant role in preserving cognitive function. Understanding the cognitive and psychosocial impact of hearing loss can help facilitate the development of approaches for prevention and treatment.
Reducing morbidity in radial forearm free flap donor site: a review of closure techniques
Authors: Patel Rusha 
Published: August 2022

Purpose
Radial forearm free tissue transfer (RFFF) has been an extremely reliable reconstructive option for head and neck oncologic defects for over 30 years. With high reliability, interest has shifted in minimizing donor site morbidity, much of which results from closure techniques.

Recent findings
Portable negative pressure wound devices, newer dermal substitutes, and local flap techniques have improved donor site aesthetics and function.

Summary
Outcomes of the RFFF donor site may benefit from newer techniques in closure.