bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blood‐borne virus testing in emergency departments – a systematic review of seroprevalence, feasibility, acceptability and linkage to care
Authors: Simmons Ruth , Plunkett James , Cieply Lukasz , Ijaz Samreen , Desai Monica , Mandal Sema 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundBlood‐borne viruses (BBVs) cause significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Emergency departments (EDs) offer a point of contact for groups at increased risk of BBVs who may be less likely to engage with primary care. We reviewed the literature to evaluate whether BBV testing in this setting might be a viable option to increase case finding and linkage to care.MethodsWe searched PubMed database for English language articles published until June 2019 on BBV testing in EDs. Studies reporting seroprevalence surveys, feasibility, linkage to care, enablers and barriers to testing were included. Additional searches for grey literature were performed.ResultsEight‐nine articles met inclusion criteria, of which 14 reported BBV seroprevalence surveys in EDs, 54 investigated feasibility and acceptability, and 36 investigated linkage to care. Most studies were HIV‐focused and conducted in the USA. Seroprevalence rates were in the range 1.5–17% for HCV, 0.7–1.6% for HBV, and 0.8–13% for HIV. For studies that used an opt‐in study design, testing uptake ranged from 2% to 98% and for opt‐out it ranged from 16% to 91%. There was a wide range of yield: 13–100% of patients received their test result, 21–100% were linked to care, and 50–91% were retained in care. Compared with individuals diagnosed with HIV, linkage to and retention in care were lower for those diagnosed with hepatitis C. Predictors of linkage to care was associated with certain patient characteristics.ConclusionsUniversal opt‐out BBV testing in EDs may be feasible and acceptable, but linkage to care needs to be improved by optimizing implementation. Further economic evaluations of hepatitis testing in EDs are needed.
Outcomes reporting in systematic reviews on vital pulp treatment: A scoping review for the development of a core outcome set
Authors: Cushley Siobhan , Duncan Henry F. , Lundy Fionnuala T. , Nagendrababu Venkateshbabu , Clarke Mike , El Karim Ikhlas 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundA large number of research reports on vital pulp treatment (VPT) has been published over the last two decades. However, heterogeneity in reporting outcomes of VPT is a significant challenge for evidence synthesis and clinical decision‐making.ObjectivesTo identify outcomes assessed in VPT studies and to evaluate how and when outcomes are measured. A subsidiary aim was to assess evidence for selective reporting bias in the included studies. The results of this review will be used to inform the development of a core outcome set (COS) for endodontic treatments.MethodsMultiple healthcare bibliographic databases, including PubMed/MEDLINE, Ovid EMBASE, Scopus, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and Web of Science were searched for systematic reviews published between 1990 and 2020, reporting on VPT. Screening, data extraction and risk of bias assessment were completed independently by two reviewers. Outcomes' information was extracted and aligned with a healthcare taxonomy into five core areas: survival, clinical/physiological changes, life impact, resource use and adverse events.ResultsThirty‐six systematic reviews were included, 10 reporting on indirect pulp capping or selective caries removal, nine on direct pulp capping, eight on pulpotomy and nine on combined VPTs. There was considerable variation in the outcomes reported in these reviews and their included studies. Clinician‐reported outcomes were used considerably more often than patient‐reported outcomes. A range of instruments and time points were used for measuring outcomes. Several of the reviews were assessed as having low risk of selective reporting bias, but many did not specifically report this domain, whilst others did not provide risk of bias assessment at all.DiscussionConsiderable variation in selection of outcomes and how and when they are measured and reported was evident, and this heterogeneity has implications for evidence synthesis and clinical decision‐making.ConclusionsWhilst there is a lack of consistency, several potentially important outcomes for VPT, including pulp survival, incidence of post‐operative pain and need for further intervention, have been identified which could inform the development of a COS for endodontic treatment.RegistrationCore Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials (COMET) (No. 1879).
Efficacy of washing produce in removing human coronavirus OC43 and murine norovirus
Authors: Dallner Matthew , Harlow Jennifer , Nasheri Neda 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Aims
Fresh produce is often a vehicle for the transmission of foodborne pathogens such as human norovirus. Thus, it is recommended to wash the surface of produce before consumption, and one of the most common ways to wash produce is by rinsing under running tap water. This study determined the effectiveness of removal of human coronavirus-OC43 (HCoV-OC43), as a surrogate for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and murine norovirus-1 (MNV-1), as a surrogate for human norovirus, from contaminated lettuce, apples and cucumbers.

Methods and Results
The produce surfaces were artificially inoculated in conjunction with faecal material to represent natural contamination. Rinsing under tap water for 10 s at 40 ml/s removed 1.94 ± 0.44, 1.42 ± 0.00 and 1.42 ± 0.42 log of HCoV-OC43 from apple, cucumber and lettuce respectively. The same washing technique removed 1.77 ± 0.17, 1.42 ± 0.07 and 1.79 ± 0.14 log of MNV-1 from apple, cucumber and lettuce respectively. This washing technique was effective at reducing a significant amount of viral contamination, however, it was not enough to eliminate the entire contamination. There was no significant difference in the reduction of viral load between the two viruses, nor between the three surfaces tested in this study.

Conclusions
Our data suggest that washing under tap water would be an efficient way of reducing the risk of foodborne viral transmission only if the level of contamination is less than 2 log PFU.

Significance and Impact of Study
This study demonstrates that running tap water was effective at reducing the amount of infectious HCoV-OC43 and MNV on produce surfaces, and washing produce continues to be an important task to perform prior to consumption to avoid infection by foodborne viruses, particularly for foods which are eaten raw.
The role of spatial structure in multi‐deme models of evolutionary rescue
Authors: Tomasini Matteo , Peischl Stephan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGenetic variation and population sizes are critical factors for successful adaptation to novel environmental conditions. Gene flow between sub‐populations is a potent mechanism to provide such variation and can hence facilitate adaptation, for instance by increasing genetic variation or via the introduction of beneficial variants. On the other hand, if gene flow between different habitats is too strong, locally beneficial alleles may not be able to establish permanently. In the context of evolutionary rescue, intermediate levels of gene flow are therefore often optimal for maximizing a species chance for survival in metapopulations without spatial structure. To which extent and under which conditions gene flow facilitates or hinders evolutionary rescue in spatially structured populations remains unresolved. We address this question by studying the differences between evolutionary rescue in the island model and in the stepping stone model in a gradually deteriorating habitat. We show that evolutionary rescue is modulated by the rate of gene flow between different habitats, which in turn depends strongly on the spatial structure and the pattern of environmental deterioration. We use these insights to show that in many cases spatially structured models can be translated into a simpler island model using an appropriately scaled effective migration rate.
Urban storm flood simulation using improved SWMM based on K‐means clustering of parameter samples
Authors: Sun Yue , Liu Chengshuai , Du Xian , Yang Fan , Yao Yichen , Soomro Shan‐e‐hyder , Hu Caihong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTo address the two problems of unclear delineation of sub‐catchment and complicated and cumbersome parameter rate determination in the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM), this study proposes a rapid construction method of SWMM based on the principle of single urban functional area combined with K‐means clustering algorithm, The research area is the southern part of Jinshui District, Zhengzhou City. The Hydrological Response Unit (HRU) contains only a single urban functional area, divided by combining the natural and social attributes of the urban surface. Calibrated uncertain parameters from 76 papers were selected as samples, and the K‐means clustering algorithm was used to cluster and calculate the parameter values, to improve the SWMM model, selecting three typical rainfall runoff processes for validation application. The results show that simulated runoff is consistent with measured runoff trends, with the NSE and R2 value scores of the flow processes of the three floods above 0.86 and the, locations and numbers of flooded nodes are consistent with the actual research. This provides a new idea and technical support for the construction of urban flood models in flood prevention and mitigation. The relevant results can provide scientific decision‐making reference for urban flood forecasting and warning.
Intensive mothering in the time of coronavirus
Authors: Lutz Amy , (Crystal) Lee Sujung , Bokayev Baurzhan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe investigated experiences of mothers of school‐age children in Central New York during a time of remote education due to COVID‐19. We extend the concept of intensive mothering, characterized by the expectation that mothers are constantly available to meet their children's needs, and examine mothers’ intersectional identities related to their experience of remote education. Mothers working from home often went back and forth between work and school in what we refer to as a simultaneous shift. Essential workers were engaged in a sequential shift, engaging with children's schoolwork after work and trading off with partners. Mothers took on multiple roles during the pandemic which led to role strain. In extreme cases, multiple roles could be impossible to fill, leading to a situation of role conflict where the demands of one role made it impossible to meet the needs of another role. Mothers of children of color experienced more negative interactions with schools than White mothers. Mothers of children with disabilities spent extended time on remote schooling. A limitation of our study is that we only interviewed people in Central New York and cannot generalize the results of our research to a larger population. Another limitation to our approach was that we have little information on how fathers experienced work and overseeing children's schoolwork. Future research should examine how mothering may have changed after children returned to school.
Effects of yeast culture substituting fishmeal on growth, nonspecific immunity, intestinal, and hepatopancreatic histology of Litopenaeus vannamei
Authors: Zhang Xin , Yao Wenxiang , Sun Zhongchao , Liu Jiangying , Dang Jiangyu , Li Xiaoqin , Leng Xiangjun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of yeast culture (YC) substituting fishmeal (FM) on growth, nonspecific immunity, intestinal and hepatopancreatic histology of Litopenaeus vannamei. Based on the control diet with an FM content of 200 g/kg, YC was used to decrease dietary FM to 200, 160, 120, and 80 g/kg (FM20, FM16, FM12, FM8), respectively. Then, the four diets were fed to shrimp (2.78 ± 0.10 g) for 8 weeks. The results indicated that the FM8 group had poorer weight gain and higher feed conversion ratio than the control (p < .05), while the FM16 and FM12 groups showed no significant difference to the control (p > .05). Protein and lipid retention in the FM12 and FM8 groups were decreased (p < .05), and hepatopancreatic activities of superoxide dismutase and alkaline phosphatase were increased and malondialdehyde content was decreased in the FM12 group (p < .05). In the FM8 group, the crude protein digestibility, hepatopancreatic protease and amylase activity, the intestinal villi length and width were decreased (p < .05), and hepatic corpuscle was observed with atrophy and irregular lumen shape. In conclusion, YC can successfully replace 40 g/kg FM in a shrimp diet with FM inclusion of 200 g/kg.
Global warming responses of gut microbiota in moose (Alces alces) populations with different dispersal patterns
Authors: Chen S. , Holyoak M. , Liu H. , Bao H. , Ma Y. , Dou H. , Li G. , Roberts N. J. , Jiang G. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWhile dispersal is the basis of inter‐population connectivity, it is difficult to directly observe. New molecular techniques provide ways of studying the intensity and direction of dispersal among populations through quantifying gene flow. When herbivores disperse their gut microbes travel with the host, and gut microbiota is known to play an important role in host health. However, the current understanding of the driving mechanism between moose dispersal patterns and gut microbial structure is vague. Therefore, when we observe the effects of climate warming on gene flow, it is important to understand the ecological mechanisms that affect the gut microbiota. We applied integrative methods from molecular biology, nutritional ecology and microbiomics to quantify dispersal patterns of moose populations in northeast China and explore the ecological mechanisms driving gut microbe–host associations. We found that moose populations in northeast China are undergoing two dispersal patterns while retreating in a northwesterly direction. Dispersing and isolated moose populations differed in their gut microbial composition and frequency of functional types that relate to digestion and diet composition. We also found that the environmental variables related to the moose gut microbial communities also changed with different dispersal patterns. The gut microbiota of isolated moose populations was only related to ambient temperature, whereas the microbiota in dispersing moose populations was related to longitude and diet protein content. We expect that the differences in the taxonomic and functional structure of gut microbiota relating to digestion are adaptive. Consequently, this study highlights that special attention should be placed on the management of isolated moose populations, and ecological corridors or translocation of moose individuals may be needed to allow persistence in the face of global warming; doing this will likely improve the adaptability of gut microbiota.
A Japanese case of successful surgical resection of cerebral cavernous malformations with a CCM2 mutation
Authors: Nomura Emi , Omote Yoshio , Takemoto Mami , Hishikawa Nozomi , Nakano Yumiko , Yunoki Taijun , Morihara Ryuta , Sasaki Tatsuya , Akagawa Hiroyuki , Abe Koji , Yamashita Toru 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are congenital abnormalities of cerebral vessels. Surgical resection is rarely considered for the control of epilepsy in a first seizure patient with vascular malformation. In contrast, lesions that produce repetitive or progressive symptoms should be considered for surgical resection as treatment. Herein, we report a Japanese patient with a CCM2 mutation, c.609G>A (p.K203K) substitution, who showed drug‐resistant epilepsy and dramatic improvement after surgical resection.
The functional role of ericoid mycorrhizal plants and fungi on carbon and nitrogen dynamics in forests
Authors: Ward Elisabeth B. , Duguid Marlyse C. , Kuebbing Sara E. , Lendemer James C. , Bradford Mark A. 
Published: June 2022

SummaryEricoid mycorrhizal (ErM) shrubs commonly occur in forest understories and could therefore alter arbuscular (AM) and/or ectomycorrhizal (EcM) tree effects on soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics. Specifically, ErM fungi have extensive organic matter decay capabilities, and ErM plant and fungal tissues have high concentrations of secondary compounds that can form persistent complexes in the soil. Together, these traits could contribute to organic matter accumulation and inorganic nutrient limitation. These effects could also differ in AM‐ vs EcM‐dominated stands at multiple scales within and among forest biomes by, for instance, altering fungal guild interactions. Most work on ErM effects in forests has been conducted in boreal forests dominated by EcM trees. However, ErM plants occur in c. 96, 69 and 29% of boreal, temperate and tropical forests, respectively. Within tropical montane forests, the effects of ErM plants could be particularly pronounced because their traits are more distinct from AM than EcM trees. Because ErM fungi can function as free‐living saprotrophs, they could also be more resilient to forest disturbances than obligate symbionts. Further consideration of ErM effects within and among forest biomes could improve our understanding of how cooccurring mycorrhizal types interact to collectively affect soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics under changing conditions.
Total Hip Arthroplasty with Robotic Arm Assistance for Precise Cup Positioning: A Case‐Control Study
Authors: Guo Dong‐hui , Li Xiao‐ming , Ma Shi‐qiang , Zhao Yun‐chao , Qi Chao , Xue Yuan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether more precise cup positioning can be achieved with robot‐assisted total hip arthroplasty (THA) as compared to conventional THA.MethodsIn this study, between July 2019 and May 2021, 93 patients aged 23–75 years with osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) and adult developmental dysplasia of hip who underwent first hip surgery were included in the study. They were randomly assigned to either the robotic‐assisted THA group (n = 45) or the conventional THA group (n = 48). After the operation, all patients were given routine rapid rehabilitation guidance. The duration of operation was recorded to estimate the learning curve through cumulative summation analysis. We compared the demographics, duration of operation, cup positioning, leg length discrepancy, hip offset, and Harris Hip Score between robot‐assisted THA and manual THA. Precision in the positioning of the acetabular prosthesis using the MAKO system was also compared between the two groups.ResultsThe mean duration of operation for the robot‐assisted THA group was 91.37 ± 17.34 min (range: 63 to 135 min), which was significantly higher than that for the conventional THA group. When the number of procedures was increased to 13, the duration of operation in the robot‐assisted group decreased significantly and gradually became stable. In terms of duration of operation, robot‐assisted THA was associated with a learning curve of 13 cases. The mean amount of bleeding in the robot‐assisted THA group was not significantly different from that in conventional THA group (328 ± 210 ml vs 315 ± 205 ml) (p = 0.741). There was no significant difference in the proportion of prostheses located within Lewinnek's safe zone between robot‐assisted THA group and conventional THA group (69.81% vs 64.41%). The leg length discrepancy (LLD) was significantly smaller in the robot‐assisted THA group than in the conventional THA group (p < 0.001), but both were within acceptable limits (10 mm). The inclination and anteversion angles of the acetabular prosthesis planned before operations were correlated with the actual measurement (r = 0.857 p < 0.001, r = 0.830, p < 0.001). After surgery, none of the patients experienced hip dislocation, aseptic loosening, or periprosthetic infection during the 3 months of follow‐up.ConclusionThe proportion of acetabular prostheses in the Lewinnek's safety zone was higher and the extent of LLD was significantly lower in the robot‐assisted THA group, as compared to the same metrics in the conventional THA group. The MAKO robot improved the accuracy of implant placement in THA.
The transient expression of recombinant proteins in plant cell packs facilitates stable isotope labelling for NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Opdensteinen Patrick , Sperl Laura E. , Mohamadi Mariam , Kündgen‐Redding Nicole , Hagn Franz , Buyel Johannes Felix 
Published: June 2022

SummaryNuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy can be used to determine the structure, dynamics and interactions of proteins. However, protein NMR requires stable isotope labelling for signal detection. The cells used for the production of recombinant proteins must therefore be grown in medium containing isotopically labelled substrates. Stable isotope labelling is well established in Escherichia coli, but bacteria are only suitable for the production of simple proteins without post‐translational modifications. More complex proteins require eukaryotic production hosts, but their growth can be impaired by labelled media, thus reducing product yields and increasing costs. To address this limitation, we used media supplemented with isotope‐labelled substrates to cultivate the tobacco‐derived cell line BY‐2, which was then cast into plant cell packs (PCPs) for the transient expression of a labelled version of the model protein GB1. Mass spectrometry confirmed the feasibility of isotope labelling with 15N and 2H using this approach. The resulting NMR spectrum featured a signal dispersion comparable to recombinant GB1 produced in E. coli. PCPs therefore offer a rapid and cost‐efficient alternative for the production of isotope‐labelled proteins for NMR analysis, especially suitable for complex proteins that cannot be produced in microbial systems.
Managing growth in medium‐sized organic businesses: Implications for local orientation and resilience building
Authors: Milestad Rebecka , von Münchhausen Susanne , Kvam Gunn‐Turid , Schermer Markus 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis article explores how locally oriented organic businesses adapt to handle crises during a growth process to build resilience, how these businesses maintain the local orientation when growing and what the implications are for the relationship between territoriality and organic production. We explored four cases of organic businesses in Sweden, Norway, Germany and Austria. The cases can be described as Values‐based Territorial Food Networks. All cases experienced challenges and crises during their growth processes and sought to provide stability and flexibility in order to deal with change. The restructuration process required internalising learning into their organisations, using diversity in a strategic way and forming long‐term partnerships within their value chains. While organic certification was never at stake, the meaning of ‘local’ shifted in some of the cases.
Using VADIS to weigh competing epicentral influence
Authors: La Peruta Roberta 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe present study sets out to explore the mandative subjunctive in Canadian English (CanE), vs. its potential epicentre American English (AmE), and its historical input variety British English (BrE) based on a quantitative variationist analysis of the Strathy Corpus of Canadian English (Strathy), the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA), and the British National Corpus (BNC). The relevance of this contribution primarily stems from the fact that no previous research has yet focused on a contrastive comparison between CanE and its alleged epicentres, namely ‘a model of English for (neighbouring?) countries’ (Hundt, 2013, p. 185), and that the new method of Variation‐Based Distance and Similarity Modeling (VADIS) has so far never been applied to research in this field. Key findings show that VADIS is indeed a valuable method in detecting epicentral constellations, and pinpoint fruitful suggestions regarding AmE's alleged transnational influence on its neighbor, as well as cross‐border and transoceanic dis/similarities concerning the subject under analysis.