bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Famenin fall and other ordinary chondrites intermediate between H and L groups
Authors: Pourkhorsandi Hamed , Gattacceca Jérôme , Rochette Pierre , Smith Thomas , Bonal Lydie , D’Orazio Massimo , Devouard Bertrand , Sonzogni Corinne , Debaille Vinciane 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe Famenin meteorite fell around 08:30 a.m. local time (GMT+4.5) on June 27, 2015 on the roof of a house in Famenin, a town in NW Iran. A single 640 g stone was recovered, shattered into several pieces upon impact. The shape of the impact hole and the relative position of the recovered meteorites indicate a N‐NW fall direction. Famenin is an ordinary chondrite (OC) with well‐preserved chondrules of various types, (Fe,Ni) metal, troilite, phosphate, and chromite. The organic matter systematics and the olivine and low‐Ca compositional distributions (percent mean deviations 18% and 31%, respectively) indicate it is a type 3.4/3.8 chondrite. Considering the average chemical compositions of olivine (Fa17.5±4.7) and low‐Ca pyroxene (Fs16.8±7.5), average Co content of the kamacite (5.6 mg g−1), and Cu/Ni and Ga/Ni ratios, Famenin should be classified as an H chondrite. However, saturation magnetization is 26.0 Am2 kg−1, indicating a bulk metal content similar to L chondrites. Similarly, the whole‐rock Ni and Co contents (13073 and 540 µg g−1, respectively), and average chondrule diameter (550 µm) are closer to typical values for L chondrites than H chondrites. The (Fe,Ni) metal modal abundance (5 vol%), magnetic susceptibility, and possibly whole‐rock oxygen isotopic composition indicate intermediate properties between H and L chondrites. Noble gas composition and cosmic‐ray exposure ages of Famenin and El Médano 195 (another intermediate OC) shows their gas‐rich character and an older ejection age from their parent body than those for the majority of H and L chondrites. Famenin, together with similar intermediate OCs, increases the diversity of this meteorite clan and suggests the existence of a separate OC group with a composition broadly intermediate between H and L groups for which a different designation (HL) is proposed. OCs likely originate from more than three parent bodies (H, L, and LL) as traditionally proposed.
MTA1‐mediated RNA m6A modification regulates autophagy and is required for infection of the rice blast fungus
Authors: Ren Zhiyong , Tang Bozeng , Xing Junjie , Liu Caiyun , Cai Xuan , Hendy Ahmed , Kamran Muhammad , Liu Hao , Zheng Lu , Huang Junbing , Chen Xiao‐Lin 
Published: March 2022

Summary

In eukaryotes, N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) is abundant on mRNA, and plays key roles in the regulation of RNA function. However, the roles and regulatory mechanisms of m6A in phytopathogenic fungi are still largely unknown.

Combined with biochemical analysis, MeRIP‐seq and RNA‐seq methods, as well as biological analysis, we showed that Magnaporthe oryzae MTA1 gene is an orthologue of human METTL4, which is involved in m6A modification and plays a critical role in autophagy for fungal infection.

The Δmta1 mutant showed reduced virulence due to blockage of appressorial penetration and invasive growth. Moreover, the autophagy process was severely disordered in the mutant. MeRIP‐seq identified 659 hypomethylated m6A peaks covering 595 mRNAs in Δmta1 appressoria, 114 m6A peaks was negatively related to mRNA abundance, including several ATG gene transcripts. Typically, the mRNA abundance of MoATG8 was also increased in the single m6A site mutant ∆atg8/MoATG8A982C, leading to an autophagy disorder.

Our findings reveal the functional importance of the m6A methylation in infection of M. oryzae and provide novel insight into the regulatory mechanisms of plant pathogenic fungi.
Deciphering the role of specialist and generalist plant–microbial interactions as drivers of plant–soil feedback
Authors: Semchenko Marina , Barry Kathryn E. , de Vries Franciska T. , Mommer Liesje , Moora Mari , Maciá‐Vicente Jose G. 
Published: March 2022

SummaryFeedback between plants and soil microbial communities can be a powerful driver of vegetation dynamics. Plants elicit changes in the soil microbiome that either promote or suppress conspecifics at the same location, thereby regulating population density‐dependence and species co‐existence. Such effects are often attributed to the accumulation of host‐specific antagonistic or beneficial microbiota in the rhizosphere. However, the identity and host‐specificity of the microbial taxa involved are rarely empirically assessed. Here we review the evidence for host‐specificity in plant‐associated microbes and propose that specific plant–soil feedbacks can also be driven by generalists. We outline the potential mechanisms by which generalist microbial pathogens, mutualists and decomposers can generate differential effects on plant hosts and synthesize existing evidence to predict these effects as a function of plant investments into defence, microbial mutualists and dispersal. Importantly, the capacity of generalist microbiota to drive plant–soil feedbacks depends not only on the traits of individual plants but also on the phylogenetic and functional diversity of plant communities. Identifying factors that promote specialization or generalism in plant–microbial interactions and thereby modulate the impact of microbiota on plant performance will advance our understanding of the mechanisms underlying plant–soil feedback and the ways it contributes to plant co‐existence.
Comparison of the oropharyngeal leak pressure between three second generation supraglottic airway devices during laparoscopic surgery in pediatric patients
Authors: Kumar Abhyuday , Sinha Chandni , Kumar Neeraj , Kumar Ajeet , Kumar Bindey , Kumar Amarjeet , Kumar Rajnish 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have shown Proseal LMA and I gel similar to endotracheal intubation in ventilatory ability in pediatric laparoscopic surgeries.AimsThe primary aim of this study was to assess whether there is a significant difference in the oropharyngeal leak pressure between Ambu Auragrain, I‐gel, and Proseal LMA during pediatric laparoscopic surgery.MethodsIn this randomized controlled trial, 90 male patients of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I aged between 6 months and 10 years who were scheduled for laparoscopic single‐sided inguinal hernia repair were recruited and randomly allocated to three groups in which airway was secured with Ambu Auragain, I gel, or Proseal LMA. The primary outcome was oropharyngeal leak pressure. The secondary outcomes were peak pressures before and after pneumoperitoneum, fiberoptic view, insertion attempts, insertion time, manipulations, perioperative and postoperative anesthesia‐related problems. Continuous variables were compared using the one‐way analysis of variance or the Kruskal–Wallis test with post hoc Turkey analysis. Categorical and ordinal data were compared using the chi‐square test or Fisher's exact test.ResultsOropharyngeal leak pressure before pneumoperitoneum was higher with I gel as compared to Ambu Auragain (27.36 ± 5.72 cm of H2O vs 23.56 ± 5.72 cm of H2O) (p = .021) and PLMA (27.36 ± 5.72 cm of H2O vs 23.24 ± 4.35 cm of H2O) (p = .011). Oropharyngeal leak pressure after pneumoperitoneum was also higher with I gel as compared to Ambu Auragain (31.58 ± 4.35 cm of H2O vs 26.83 ± 5.00 cm of H2O) (p = .001) and Proseal LMA (31.58 ± 4.35 cm of H2O vs 27.03 ± 3.80 cm of H2O) (p = .002). Oropharyngeal leak pressures of Ambu Auragain and Proseal LMA were comparable. Postoperative complications were similar in all the supraglottic airway devices. No regurgitation or aspiration‐related problem was observed in our study.ConclusionI gel had a higher oropharyngeal leak pressure than the other two supraglottic airway devices and therefore may represent a better choice in situations where higher ventilatory pressures may be necessary, for example, in extremes of weight trendelenburg position, etc.Clinical Trial IdentifierClinical trial registry of India (CTRI/2018/11/016445).
Novel utilization of strand‐specific reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in perioperative clinical decision making for SARS‐CoV‐2 polymerase chain reaction positive patients
Authors: Jette Christine G. , Wang Tammy , Wang Ellen , Man Janice Y. , Mireles Samuel , Maass Birgit , Mathew Roshni , Pinsky Benjamin A. , Claure Rebecca E. , D'Souza Genevieve 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn order to prevent in‐hospital transmission and potential complications related to SARS‐CoV‐2 in the perioperative patient, most healthcare institutions require preoperative testing for SARS‐CoV‐2 prior to proceeding with elective surgery. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends a time and symptom‐based duration of isolation for the presumed infectious period. The guidance to avoid retesting of asymptomatic patients in the 90 days following a positive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) test is because of the possibility of detection of non‐infectious viral shedding. When to reschedule asymptomatic patients who test RT‐PCR positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 preoperatively is of considerable debate, both from the perspective of ensuring a patient's full preoperative fitness, as well as reducing the risk of viral transmission within the hospital. We describe the novel perioperative use of a strand‐specific assay to detect minus strand ribonucleic acid (RNA) in a clinical decision‐making algorithm to determine optimal timing of elective surgery after a patient tests RT‐PCR positive for SARS‐CoV‐2. This is the first description in the literature of an attempt to further stratify patients who repeatedly test positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 into infectious versus non‐infectious for perioperative planning.
Bone lesions of Langerhans cell histiocytosis triggered by trauma in children
Authors: Morimoto Akira , Shioda Yoko , Sakamoto Kenichi , Imamura Toshihiko , Imashuku Shinsaku ,   the Japan LCH Study Group
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundBone lesions of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) may be triggered by trauma.MethodsThe characteristics of pediatric patients in the JLSG‐02 study cohort who developed a bone lesion at the trauma site at diagnosis of LCH were analyzed retrospectively.ResultsOf the 261 pediatric patients with LCH, 12 (4.6%), of median age 4.9 years, had trauma‐triggered bone LCH lesions at diagnosis, making them significantly older than the remaining patients (P = 0.006). Trauma sites included the craniofacial regions in 10 patients and the lumbar spine and pelvis in one patient each. At the time of trauma, six patients had a bump at the site, whereas none had extradural hematomas or bone fractures. The median time from trauma to onset was 4 weeks. Of these 12 patients, three had isolated bone (IB) disease; four had multifocal bone (MFB) disease, including the bone lesion at the trauma site; and five had multisystem disease, including four with lesions in neighboring tissue and one with polyuria (posterior pituitary lesion) more than 1 year before the trauma‐triggered bone lesion. Treatment responses were good in all 12 patients and none died, but relapses were observed in two patients, one each with IB and MFB disease.ConclusionsAbout 5% of pediatric patients with LCH developed new trauma‐triggered bone lesions at a relatively old age. These lesions can manifest as IB, or, in patients with underlying LCH diseases, as MFB or multisystem. Good clinical outcomes were observed in these patients.
Arterial ischemic stroke in children with congenital heart diseases
Authors: Yeh Hye‐Ryun , Kim Eun‐Hee , Yu Jeong‐Jin , Yun Tae‐Jin , Ko Tae‐Sung , Yum Mi‐Sun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundWe describe the prevalence, thromboembolic risk factors, and neurologic outcomes in children with congenital heart disease (CHD) and arterial ischemic stroke (AIS).MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of children with CHD and AIS from 2000 to 2016. Demographics, procedural and postprocedural data, neuroimaging findings, details of antithrombotic treatment, and neurological status at last follow up were evaluated.ResultsPatients with cyanotic CHD accounted for 24 of 30 cases with AIS. The majority of AIS (70%) was procedure related, and the mean time from procedure to diagnosis of stroke was 9.7 (range, 1–30) days. At the time of AIS, 14 (46.7%) patients revealed coexistence of additional thromboembolic causes of AIS. Three patients (10.0%) experienced recurrent AIS and six patients (20.0%) were diagnosed with post‐stroke epilepsy. The unfavorable outcomes were found in 13 patients (43.3%), including four deaths. The unfavorable outcome was significantly associated with the main branch involvement of middle cerebral artery (OR = 10.296, 95% CI = 1.335–79.439) and hemorrhagic transformation (OR = 16.264, 95% CI = 1.359–194.690).ConclusionsAdditional thromboembolic risk factors such as systemic or cardiac thrombus, arrhythmia, and surgical procedures for cyanotic CHD were found in patients with CHD and AIS. The main branch involvement of middle cerebral artery and hemorrhagic transformation were significant predictors of unfavorable outcomes. Further studies are required to identify the target for stroke prevention and develop better prophylactic strategies to minimize AIS in patients with CHD.
The distributional effects of government spending shocks in developing economies
Authors: Furceri Davide , Ge Jun , Loungani Prakash , Melina Giovanni 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe construct unanticipated government spending shocks for 103 developing countries from 1990 to 2015 and study their effects on income distribution. We find that unanticipated fiscal consolidations lead to a long‐lasting increase in income inequality, while fiscal expansions lower inequality. The results are robust to several measures of income distribution and size of the fiscal shocks, to an alternative identification strategy, across expansions and recessions and across country groups (low‐income countries vs. emerging markets). An additional contribution of the paper is the computation of the medium‐terminequality multiplier. This is on average about 1 in our sample, meaning that a cumulative decrease in government spending of 1% of gross domestic product over 5 years is associated with a cumulative increase in the Gini coefficient over the same period of about 1 percentage point. The multiplier is larger for total government expenditure than for public investment and consumption (with the former having larger effect), likely due to the redistributive role of transfers. Finally, we find that (unanticipated) fiscal consolidations lead to an increase in poverty.
Reinfection with SARS‐CoV‐2 in solid‐organ transplant recipients: Incidence density and convalescent immunity prior to reinfection
Authors: Morris Stephen , Anjan Shweta , Pallikkuth Suresh , Frattaroli Paola , Courel Steve , Fernandez Anmary , Natori Akina , Abbo Lilian , Pahwa Savita , Guerra Giselle , Natori Yoichiro 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundLong‐term protective immunity to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) remains poorly characterized, particularly in solid organ transplant (SOT) patients.MethodWe determined the incidence density of SARS‐CoV‐2 reinfection in a cohort of adult SOT recipients initially infected between March 1st, 2020 and March 30th, 2021 and included those with initial infection before or after transplantation. Incidence density was the total cases divided by total days after initial diagnosis with active graft.ResultsOf 210 infected recipients, five (2.4%) developed reinfection, including two who had received full mRNA vaccination, but none developed hypoxia. The incidence density for reinfection was 9.4 (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.9‐22.6) and for primary infection the density was 9.1 (95% CI 7.9–10.5) cases/100,000 patient days. Two recipients had immunity evaluated in the weeks prior to reinfection, by measuring immunoglobulin‐G (IgG) antibody titer to the SARS‐CoV‐2 receptor binding domain and virus‐specific CD4+ and CD8+ T‐cell reactivity following stimulation with SARS‐CoV‐2 peptide pools. Both mounted virus specific CD4 T‐cell responses prior to reinfection (1.19% and 0.28% of total CD4 T cells) and both had reactive IgG testing (1.30 and 4.99 signal/cut off ratio).ConclusionsThis suggests that SOT recipients infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 remain at high risk for reinfection even after generating cellular and humoral immune responses.
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Efficacy of early transfusion of convalescent plasma with high‐titer SARS‐CoV‐2 neutralizing antibodies in hospitalized patients with COVID‐19
Authors: Sanz Cristina , Nomdedeu Meritxell , Pereira Arturo , Sauleda Silvia , Alonso Rodrigo , Bes Marta , Brillembourg Helena , García‐Vidal Carolina , Millan Anna , Martínez‐Llonch Nuria , Pirón María , Puerta‐Alcalde Pedro , Puig Lluis , Rico Veronica , Soriano Alex 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundDespite most controlled trials have shown no measurable benefit of COVID‐19 convalescent plasma (CCP) in patients with COVID‐19, some studies suggest that early administration of CCP with high‐titer anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 can be beneficial in selected patients. We investigated the efficacy of early administration of high‐titer CCP to patients with COVID‐19 who required hospitalization,Study design and methodsObservational, propensity score (PS) matched case–control study of COVID‐19 patients treated with CCP within 72 h of hospital admission and untreated controls from August 2020 to February 2021. All CCP donations had a Euroimmun anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 sample‐to‐cutoff ratio ≥3. PS matching was based on prognostic factors and presented features with high‐standardized differences between the treated and control groups. The primary endpoint was mortality within 30 days of diagnosis.ResultsA total of 1604 patients were analyzed, 261 of whom received CCP, most (82%) within 24 h after admission. Median age was 67 years (interquartile range: 56–79), and 953 (60%) were men. Presenting factors independently associated with higher 30‐day mortality were increased age, cardiac disease, hypoxemic respiratory failure, renal failure, and plasma d‐dimer >700 ng/ml.After PS matching, transfusion of CCP was associated with a significant reduction in the 30‐day mortality rate (odds ratio [OR]; 0.94, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.91–0.98; p = .001) that extended to the 60th day after COVID‐19 diagnosis (OR: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.92–0.99; p = .01).ConclusionOur results suggest that CCP can still be helpful in selected patients with COVID‐19 and call for further studies before withdrawing CCP from the COVID‐19 therapeutic armamentarium.
A retrospective study of 101 dogs with oral melanoma treated with a weekly or biweekly 6 Gy × 6 radiotherapy protocol
Authors: Baja Alexie J. , Kelsey Krista L. , Ruslander David M. , Gieger Tracy L. , Nolan Michael W. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOne radiotherapy (RT) protocol used for canine oral melanoma (OM) gives 36 Gy total, in six weekly or biweekly fractions (6 Gy × 6). This retrospective study characterizes oncologic outcomes for a relatively large group of dogs treated with this protocol and determines whether radiation dose intensity (weekly vs. biweekly) affected either progression‐free or overall survival (PFS and OS). Dogs were included if 6 Gy × 6 was used to treat grossly evident OM, or if RT was used postoperatively in the subclinical disease setting. Kaplan–Meier statistics and Cox regression modelling were used to determine the predictive or prognostic value of mitotic count, bony lysis, World Health Organization (WHO) stage (I, II, III, or IV), using systemic anti‐cancer therapies, tumour burden at the time of RT (macroscopic vs. subclinical), radiation dose intensity (weekly vs. biweekly), and treatment planning type (manual vs. computerized). The median PFS and OS times for all dogs (n = 101) were 171 and 232 days, respectively. On univariate analysis PFS and OS were significantly longer (p = <.05) with subclinical tumour burden, WHO stages I or II, and weekly irradiation. On multivariable analysis, only tumour stage remained significant; therefore, cases were grouped by WHO stage (I/II vs. III/IV). With low WHO stage (I/II), PFS and OS were longer when irradiating subclinical disease (PFS: risk ratio = 0.449,p = .032; OS: risk ratio = 0.422,p = .022); this was not true for high WHO stage (III/IV). When accounting for other factors, radiation dose intensity had no measurable impact on survival in either staging group.
The effect of acute intermittent hypoxia on human limb motoneurone output
Authors: Finn Harrison T. , Bogdanovski Oliver , Hudson Anna L. , McCaughey Euan J. , Crawford Matthew R. , Taylor Janet L. , Butler Jane E. , Gandevia Simon C. 
Published: March 2022

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Does a single session of repeated bouts of acute intermittent hypoxic breathing enhance the motoneuronal output of the limb muscles of healthy able‐bodied participants?
What is the main finding and its importance?
Compared to breathing room air, there were some increases in motoneuronal output following acute intermittent hypoxia, but the increases were variable across participants and in time after the intervention and depended on which neurophysiological measure was checked.
AbstractAcute intermittent hypoxia (AIH) induces persistent increases in output from rat phrenic motoneurones. Studies in people with spinal cord injury (SCI) suggest that AIH improves limb performance, perhaps via postsynaptic changes at cortico‐motoneuronal synapses. We assessed whether limb motoneurone output in response to reflex and descending synaptic activation is facilitated after one session of AIH in healthy able‐bodied volunteers. Fourteen participants completed two experimental days, with either AIH or a sham intervention (randomised crossover design). We measured H‐reflex recruitment curves and homosynaptic post‐activation depression (HPAD) of the H‐reflex in soleus, and motor evoked potentials (MEPs) evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and their recruitment curves in first dorsal interosseous. All measurements were performed at rest and occurred at baseline, 0, 20, 40 and 60 min post‐intervention. The intervention was 30 min of either normoxia (sham, ≈ 0.21) or AIH (alternate 1‐min hypoxia [ ≈ 0.09], 1‐min normoxia). After AIH, the H‐reflex recruitment curve shifted leftward. Lower stimulation intensities were needed to evoke 5%, 50% and 99% of the maximal H‐reflex at 40 and 60 min after AIH (P < 0.04). The maximal H‐reflex, recruitment slope and HPAD were unchanged after AIH. MEPs evoked by constant intensity TMS were larger 40 min after AIH (P = 0.027). There was no change in MEP recruitment or the maximal MEP. In conclusion, some measures of the evoked responses from limb motoneurones increased after a single AIH session, but only at discrete time points. It is unclear to what extent these changes alter functional performance.
Are “Tech-Savvy” Owners Better for Business? Evidence From Major League Baseball
Authors: Hayduk Ted 
Published: March 2022

Business intelligence (BI) technologies can help firms optimize revenue and expenses if acquired and deployed proficiently. In parallel, the sport industry’s shift toward digitization is being driven by an influx of new, technology-savvy owners and managers. It follows that owners who are business intelligence experts could make their sport organizations more profitable. This paper models 14 years of Major League Baseball data to explore the degree to which owners with business intelligence career experience affect their organization’s operating margin through (a) optimizing revenue and (b) enhancing cost efficiency. It further explores owners’ knowledge accrual as a moderator in this process. Results suggest the effect of business intelligence expertise on margins is positive, but small. Margin increases were attained by spending more efficiently on labor, not by generating more revenue. These mediating effects were moderated by knowledge accrual, such that a longer tenure increased the early-tenure advantages of BI career experience.