bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A report of Bilharziella polonica cercariae in Knowsley Safari, Prescot, United Kingdom, with notes on other trematodes implicated in human cercarial dermatitis
Authors: Juhász A. , Barlow S.E.J. , Williams H. , Johnson B. , Walsh N. Davies , Cunningham L. C. , Jones S. , LaCourse E. J. , Stothard J. R. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
As part of surveillance of snail-borne trematodiasis in Knowsley Safari (KS), Prescot, United Kingdom, a collection was made in July 2021 of various planorbid (n = 173) and lymnaeid (n = 218) snails. These were taken from 15 purposely selected freshwater habitats. In the laboratory emergent trematode cercariae, often from single snails, were identified by morphology with a sub-set, of those most accessible, later characterized by cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) DNA barcoding. Two schistosomatid cercariae were of special note in the context of human cercarial dermatitis (HCD), Bilharziella polonica emergent from Planorbarius corneus and Trichobilharzia spp. emergent from Ampullacaena balthica. The former schistosomatid was last reported in the United Kingdom over 50 years ago. From cox1 analyses, the latter likely consisted of two taxa, Trichobilharzia anseri, a first report in the United Kingdom, and a hitherto unnamed genetic lineage having some affiliation with Trichobilharzia longicauda. The chronobiology of emergent cercariae from P. corneus was assessed, with the vertical swimming rate of B. polonica measured. We provide a brief risk appraisal of HCD for public activities typically undertaken within KS educational and recreational programmes.
‘…it's hard to prepare yourself, it's like a death’: barriers and facilitators to older people discussing and planning for driving retirement
Authors: Veerhuis Nadine , Traynor Victoria , Randle Melanie 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDriving is the preferred mode of transport for many older drivers, providing mobility to maintain independence and quality of life. The loss of driving privilege has negative psychosocial consequences, including depression. Early discussions and planning for driving retirement are therefore essential. Driving retirement, however, is typically a taboo topic for older drivers and their support networks. To understand why discussions and planning about driving retirement are avoided, 43 semi-structured interviews were conducted with older drivers in New South Wales, Australia. Drawing on Löckenhoff's ageing and decision-making framework, thematic analysis of transcripts offers insights into why discussions and planning for driving retirement are avoided or facilitated. The findings reveal most older drivers had not discussed or planned for driving retirement. Barriers to discussing and planning for driving retirement included: perceptions of loss, change, death and denial. Facilitators to discussing or planning for driving retirement included: declining health and driving confidence, medical advice, age or car accident. Driving retirement in car-dependent societies is a major life event, symbolising an end-of-life stage for many older people. This paper calls for strategies to encourage early and regular discussions about driving retirement with older drivers. To support older drivers’ transition to driving retirement, an understanding of the value and meaning placed on driving in the context of the individuals' identity and lifestyle is recommended.
Regulation of cost function weighting matrices in control of WMR using MLP neural networks
Authors: Habibnejad Korayem Moharam , Rezaei Adriani Hamidreza , Yousefi Lademakhi Naeim 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this paper, a method based on neural networks for intelligently extracting weighting matrices of the optimal controllers’ cost function is presented. Despite the optimal and robust performance of controllers with the cost function, adjusting their gains which are the weighting matrices for the system state variables vector and the system inputs vector, is a challenging and time-consuming task that is usually selected by trial and error method for each specific application; and even little changes in the weighting matrices significantly impact problem-solving and system optimization. Therefore, it is necessary to select these gains automatically to improve controller performance and delete human energy to find the best gains. As a linear controller, linear quadratic regulator, and as a nonlinear controller, nonlinear model predictive control have been employed with trained networks to track the path of a wheeled mobile robot. The simulation and experimental results have been extracted and compared to validate the proposed method. These results have been demonstrated that the intelligent controller’s operation has lower error than the conventional method, which works up to 7% optimal in tracking and up to 19% better in angle state error; furthermore, as the most important aim, the required time and effort to find the weighting matrices in various situations has been omitted.
Spatial neglect in the digital age: Influence of presentation format on patients’ test behavior
Authors: Rosenzopf Hannah , Sperber Christoph , Wortha Franz , Wiesen Daniel , Muth Annika , Klein Elise , Möller Korbinian , Karnath Hans-Otto 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjective:Computerized neglect tests could significantly deepen our disorder-specific knowledge by effortlessly providing additional behavioral markers that are hardly or not extractable from existing paper-and-pencil versions. This study investigated how testing format (paper versus digital), and screen size (small, medium, large) affect the Center of cancelation (CoC) in right-hemispheric stroke patients in the Letters and the Bells cancelation task. Our second objective was to determine whether a machine learning approach could reliably classify patients with and without neglect based on their search speed, search distance, and search strategy.Method:We compared the CoC measure of right hemisphere stroke patients with neglect in two cancelation tasks across different formats and display sizes. In addition, we evaluated whether three additional parameters of search behavior that became available through digitization are neglect-specific behavioral markers.Results:Patients’ CoC was not affected by test format or screen size. Additional search parameters demonstrated lower search speed, increased search distance, and a more strategic search for neglect patients than for control patients without neglect.Conclusion:The CoC seems robust to both test digitization and display size adaptations. Machine learning classification based on the additional variables derived from computerized tests succeeded in distinguishing stroke patients with spatial neglect from those without. The investigated additional variables have the potential to aid in neglect diagnosis, in particular when the CoC cannot be validly assessed (e.g., when the test is not performed to completion).
Theorizing the history of women's international thinking at the ‘end of international theory’
Authors: Getachew Adom , Bell Duncan , Enloe Cynthia , Thakur Vineet 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThroughout the 20thcentury, women were leading intellectuals on International Relations (IR). They thought, wrote, and taught on this subject in numerous political, professional, intimate, and intellectual contexts. They wrote some of the earliest and most powerful theoretical statements of what would later become core approaches to contemporary international theory. Yet, historical women, those working before the late 20thcentury, are almost completely missing in IR's intellectual and disciplinary histories, including histories of its main theoretical traditions. In this forum, leading historians and theorists of IR respond to the recent findings of the Leverhulme project on Women and the History of International Thought (WHIT), particularly its first two book-length publications on the centrality of women to early IR discourses and subsequent erasure from its history and conceptualization. The forum is introduced by members of the WHIT project. Collectively, the essays suggest the implications of the erasure and recovery of women's international thought are significant and wide-ranging.
The TRIPS Waiver Decision at the World Trade Organization: Too Little Too Late!
Authors: RANJAN Prabhash , GOUR Praharsh 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe recently adopted Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) waiver decision at the World Trade Organization is a grossly inadequate and insincere response to the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper criticizes the TRIPS waiver for being faulty on several fronts such as: excluding COVID-19 diagnostics and therapeutics from its fold and focusing only on COVID-19 vaccines; restricting its coverage to only patents and leaving out other intellectual property rights; excluding developed countries that possess manufacturing and technological capability from being eligible exporters of COVID-19 vaccines; and its perplexing silence on the transfer of technology. It will have negligible impact on fighting the pandemic, sets an enfeebled example for the future, and is a classic case of “too little too late”.
High‐Resolution Lithospheric Structure of the Zagros Collision Zone and Iranian Plateau
Authors: Irandoust Mohsen A. , Priestley Keith , Sobouti Farhad 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFrom a joint analysis of fundamental mode Rayleigh wave group velocities and P‐wave receiver functions, we derive a new, high‐resolution 3D shear‐wave velocity (Vs) model for the crust and uppermost mantle of the Iranian Plateau. The thickest crust (>55 km) is located beneath the Sanandaj‐Sirjan Zone and the deforming belts of Alborz‐Binalud‐Kopet Dag Mountains, whereas regions of lower topography/deformation (e.g., central Iran and the Lut Block), and the regions of younger deformation such as the Makran Accretionary Wedge and the Zagros Simply Folded Belt (SFB) have a thinner (<45 km) crust. Our model reveals a low‐Vs tongue‐shaped feature, indicating the underthrusting of the Arabian crust beneath central Iran. In the central Zagros, the underthrusting of the Arabian crust is steeper, resulting in a narrower deforming zone (∼150 km) and a thicker crust (∼60–65 km), compared to the NW or SE Zagros where the deforming zone is broader (∼250 km) and the crust is thinner (∼55–60 km). Regions of low‐Vs in the upper crust correspond to regions of thick sediments; the South Caspian Basin, the Zagros SFB and foreland basin of the Zagros, and the Makran Subduction Wedge. The subcrustal Rayleigh wave azimuthal anisotropy of the Plateau shows a rather uniform and smoothly‐varying pattern. In the NW Zagros the crustal and subcrustal pattern of anisotropy agrees with that previously estimated from the shear‐wave core phases, implying that the whole lithosphere deforms coherently, but for other regions (e.g., the western Alborz and Kopet Dag), the anisotropic pattern does not support a coherent deformational fabric throughout the lithosphere.
Vaccination in children with congenital heart disease: an observational study in a Beijing hospital
Authors: Zhou Xue-ying , Yao Mi , Qi Jian-guang , Qi Zhen-nan , Liang Wei-lan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Underimmunization of CHD children is a public health concern in China. This study aimed to analyze the vaccination status of CHD children to provide additional evidence on optimal vaccination strategies and to make suggestions to promote appropriate vaccination services for these children.

Methods
This cross-sectional study evaluated 155 CHD children who received at least one vaccine at Peking University First Hospital. Vaccine-specific immunization rates were calculated. A telephone questionnaire survey was conducted that covered the following: the prognosis, reasons for delayed vaccinations and getting vaccination in the hospital. All statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS version 22 software.

Results
The left-to-right shunt group involved 138 children, while the other type CHD group involved 17. The vaccination rate was the highest for MPSV-AC (87.1%) and the lowest for DTaP (40.1%). The most frequent reason for vaccination in the hospital was refusal from community health centers (61.5%). No participant reported vaccine-related adverse effects.

Conclusions
The age-appropriate vaccine-specific immunization rates in CHD children are low, with the lowest for DTaP. Refusal of community health centers was the primary reason. Our findings support that clinically stable CHD children may be safely vaccinated on a schedule similar to that of ordinary children in China.

Impact

From our investigation, we found that the age-appropriate vaccine-specific immunization rates in children with CHD in China are low, with the lowest for diphtheria and tetanus toxoid and acellular pertussis.

Refusal of community health centers to vaccinate was the primary reason for the low rates.

We believe our study provides additional evidence on optimal vaccination strategies for children with CHD and it can be used to develop strategies to promote appropriate vaccination services for these children.
Diminazene aceturate attenuates hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice
Authors: Yoon So Hye , Kang Hye Bin , Kim Jongwan , Yoo Keunje , Han Sang Jun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is one of the leading causes of mortality following partial hepatectomy, liver transplantation, hypovolemic shock and trauma; however, effective therapeutic targets for the treatment of hepatic I/R injury are lacking. Recent studies have shown that diminazene aceturate (DIZE) has protective effects against inflammation, oxidative stress and cell death, which are the main pathogenetic mechanisms associated with hepatic I/R injury. However, the mechanistic effects DIZE exerts on hepatic I/R remain unknown. C57BL/6 male mice were pretreated with either 15 mg/kg DIZE or vehicle control (saline) and subjected to partial liver ischemia for 60 min. One day after induction of hepatic I/R, liver damage, inflammatory responses, oxidative stress and apoptosis were analyzed. By evaluating plasma alanine aminotransferase levels and histology, we found that DIZE treatment attenuated liver failure and was associated with a reduction in histologically-apparent liver damage. We also found that DIZE-treated mice had milder inflammatory responses, less reactive oxidative damage and less apoptosis following hepatic I/R compared to vehicle-treated mice. Taken together, our study demonstrates that DIZE protects against ischemic liver injury by attenuating inflammation and oxidative damage and may be a potential therapeutic agent for the prevention and treatment of ischemic liver failure.
Anti-cancer effects of human placenta-derived amniotic epithelial stem cells loaded with paclitaxel on cancer cells
Authors: Babajani Amirhesam , Manzari-Tavakoli Asma , Jamshidi Elham , Tarasi Roghayeh , Niknejad Hassan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAvailable therapeutic strategies for cancers have developed side effects, resistance, and recurrence that cause lower survival rates. Utilizing targeted drug delivery techniques has opened up new hopes for increasing the efficacy of cancer treatment. The current study aimed to investigate the appropriate condition of primming human amniotic epithelial cells (hAECs) with paclitaxel as a dual therapeutic approach consisting of inherent anticancer features of hAECs and loaded paclitaxel. The effects of paclitaxel on the viability of hAECs were evaluated to find an appropriate loading period. The possible mechanism of hAECs paclitaxel resistance was assessed using verapamil. Afterward, the loading and releasing efficacy of primed hAECs were evaluated by HPLC. The anti-neoplastic effects and apoptosis as possible mechanism of conditioned media of paclitaxel-loaded hAECs were assessed on breast and cervical cancer cell lines. hAECs are highly resistant to cytotoxic effects of paclitaxel in 24 h. Evaluating the role of P-glycoproteins in hAECs resistance showed that they do not participate in hAECs resistance. The HPLC demonstrated that hAECs uptake/release paclitaxel with optimum efficacy in 8000 ng/ml treatment. Assessing the anti-proliferative effect of primed hAECs condition media on cancer cells showed that the secretome induced 3.3- and 4.8-times more potent effects on MCF-7 and HeLa, respectively, and enhanced the apoptosis process. These results suggest that hAECs could possibly be used as a drug delivery system for cancer treatment. Besides, inherent anticancer effects of hAECs were preserved during the modification process. Synergistic anticancer effects of paclitaxel and hAECs can be translated into clinical practice, which would be evaluated in the future studies.
Optimization and multiple in vitro activity potentials of carotenoids from marine Kocuria sp. RAM1
Authors: Metwally Rasha A. , El-Sersy Nermeen A. , El Sikaily Amany , Sabry Soraya A. , Ghozlan Hanan A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMarine pigmented bacteria are a promising natural source of carotenoids.Kocuriasp. RAM1 was isolated from the Red SeaBohadschia graeffeicollected from Marsa Alam, Egypt, and used for carotenoids production. The extracted carotenoids were purified by thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The characteristic UV absorbance of the three purified fractions gave us an inkling of what the purified pigments were. The chemical structures were confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS. The three different red pigments were identified as two C50-carotenoids, namely bisanhydrobacterioruberin and trisanhydrobacterioruberin, in addition to 3,4,3ʹ,4ʹ-Tetrahydrospirilloxanthin (C42-carotenoids).Kocuriasp. RAM1 carotenoids were investigated for multiple activities, including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-HSV-1, anticancer, antidiabetic and wound healing. These new observations suggest thatKocuriasp. RAM1 carotenoids can be used as a distinctive natural pigment with potent properties.
Assessment of the exposure to selected smoke constituents in adult smokers using in-market heated tobacco products: a randomized, controlled study
Authors: Yuki Dai , Kikuchi Akira , Suzuki Takuya , Sakaguchi Chikako , Huangfu Danting , Nagata Yasufumi , Kakehi Aoi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe objectives of this clinical study were to demonstrate a reduction in exposure to selected harmful and potentially harmful constituents (HPHCs) in Japanese healthy adult smokers who switched to four in-market heated tobacco products. Eighty-nine smokers were randomly assigned for five days to one of six study groups: four groups who switched to one of the commercially available heated tobacco products; a group who continued to smoke their own brand of combustible cigarettes (CC); or a group who stopped smoking (SS). Fifteen biomarkers of exposure (BoE) to 14 HPHCs and pyrene were measured at baseline, Day 3 and Day 5 in 24 h urine and breath, under clinical confinement. Product consumption, nicotine uptake and subjective effects were also measured before and after product switching. On Day 5, significant reductions in most BoE relative to the CC group were observed after switching to heated tobacco products. No changes in BoE were observed between baseline and Day 5 in the CC group. Significantly, the magnitude of the reduction in exposure to most of the selected HPHCs observed in the heated tobacco product groups was close to that observed in the SS group.
Incidence of severe rise in intraocular pressure after intravitreous injection of aflibercept with prefilled syringes
Authors: Dingerkus Vita Louisa Sophie , Somfai Gabor Mark , Kinzl Stephan , Orgül Selim Ismet , Becker Matthias Dieter , Heussen Florian Moritz 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOur aim was to analyze the intraocular pressure (IOP) changes following different intravitreous injection (IVI) procedures with or without prefilled syringes (PFS) and to elaborate their possible causes. Clinical study and laboratory assessment. 173 eyes of 141 patients. The IOP was prospectively measured pre- and postoperatively in three groups of patients receiving IVI either with ranibizumab (RP), aflibercept PFS (AP) or aflibercept vials (AV). The AP emptying volume (EV) was assessed using 40 aflibercept PFS vials: the plunger was aligned precisely (normal volume, NV) or right below the indication line (high volume, HV) and the drug was ejected with (wP) or without forced pressure (nP). Primary outcome was post-treatment IOP with type of IVI and pre-treatment IOP as fixed factors. Secondary outcome was identification of possibly confounding factors (age, sex, pathology, presence of pseudophakia, spherical error, and number of injections) and IOP > 30 mmHg post-treatment. An IOP rise above 30 mmHg was observed in 8/38 (22%), 16/51 (31%) and 35/86 (41%) cases in the RP, AV and AP groups, respectively (p = 0.129). Pre-treatment IOP was the only predictive variable for IOP rise (p < 0.001). The EV values in the NVnP, NVwP, HVnP and HVwP groups were 56.06 ± 10.32, 70.69 ± 4.56, 74.22 ± 7.41 and 81.63 ± 3.67 µl, respectively (p < 0.001). We observed a marked, although not significantly higher incidence of IOP elevations with the aflibercept PFS. One possible reason may be the error-proneness of administering the correct volume with the AP. Caution should be taken when using the aflibercept PFS in order to prevent potential optic nerve damage in cases with marked elevation in IOP.
The reliability of the measurement of muscle volume using magnetic resonance imaging in typically developing infants by two raters
Authors: Whitta Georgia , Liang Jessie , Stott N. Susan , Mirjalili S. Ali , Battin Malcolm , Williams Sîan A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTo assess intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of the manual segmentation of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) for the in vivo measurement of infant muscle volume of the knee extensor and flexor muscles by two raters. Muscles of the knee extensor and flexor muscle of ten typically developing infants (86 days ± 7 days) were scanned with MRI (Proton density sequence). Scans were then segmented using Slicer software, and volumes rendered by two raters. Intra-rater and inter-rater reliability were assessed using intra-class correlation (ICC), with mean difference (MD), standard error of the mean (SEM), and minimal detectable change (MDC) for each muscle calculated. ICCs for Intra-rater reliability of the segmentation process for the muscle volume of the muscles of the knee extensors and flexor muscles were 0.901–0.972, and 0.776–0.945 respectively, with inter-rater reliabilities between 0.914–0.954 and 0.848–0.978, for the knee extensor and flexors muscles respectively. For intra-rater reliability, MD ≤ − 0.47 cm3, MDCs for were < 1.09 cm3 and for inter-rater MD ≤ − 1.40 cm3, MDCs for were < 1.63 cm3 for all muscles. MRI segmentation for muscle volumes showed good to excellent reliability, though given the small volumes of the muscles themselves, variations between raters are amplified. Care should be taken in the reporting and interpretation of infant muscle volume.