bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stocker cattle performance on interseeded alfalfa bermudagrass pastures in Mississippi
Authors: Rushing Brett , Lemus Rocky , Maples Joshua Gilchrist , Lyles John Clay 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBeef cattle (Bos taurus) production systems in the southeastern United States are often riddled with inefficiencies, particularly when it comes to forage management, and the lack of high‐quality forages utilized during the warmer months of the year. A grazing trial was conducted in east‐central Mississippi on a fine sandy loam soil in which bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L.) was interseeded with ‘Bulldog 505’ alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). The randomized complete block design consisted of three treatments: (a) unfertilized bermudagrass (BG), (b) fertilized bermudagrass (100 lb N acre–1 yr–1) (BGN), and (c) bermudagrass interseeded with alfalfa (BGA). Forage production, along with animal performance, and economic analysis were compared across all three treatments for three grazing seasons (2017–2019). The BGA system had greater cumulative forage mass (FM), crude protein (CP), and total digestible nutrients (TDN) compared with the BG treatment. The BGA treatment had the greatest average daily gain (ADG; 1.83 lb head–1 d–1) and GAIN (178 lb acre–1). Based on increased forage and animal performance, the BGA treatment had a net revenue of US$75.61 acre–1, compared with the BG ($15.49 acre–1) and BGN (–$26.50 acre–1) treatments. Our results indicate that interseeding alfalfa into bermudagrass pastures has the potential to increase farm profitability, especially with fluctuations in N prices.
Support Morphology Effect on Selective Hydrogenation of 3‐Nitrostyrene to 3‐Vinylaniline over Pt/α‐Fe2O3 Catalysts
Authors: Dai Chengshan , Zhang Ying , Chen Junnan , Zhong Xia , Zhang Liyun , Zhang Bingsen 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSelective hydrogenation of substituted nitroaromatic compounds is an extremely important and challenging reaction. Supported metal catalysts attract much attention in this reaction because the properties of metal nanoparticles (NPs) can be modified by the nature of the support. Herein, the support morphology on the catalytic performance of selective hydrogenation of 3‐nitrostyrene to 3‐vinylaniline was investigated. Pt NPs supported on octadecahedral α‐Fe2O3 supports with a truncated hexagonal bipyramid shape (Pt/α‐Fe2O3‐O) and rod‐shaped α‐Fe2O3 supports (Pt/α‐Fe2O3‐R) were prepared by glycol reduction method. Detailed characterizations reveal that the electronic structure and dispersion of Pt NPs can be modified by the supports. The Pt/α‐Fe2O3‐O catalyst exhibited superior catalytic performance for hydrogenation of 3‐nitrostyrene because of its low coordinated Pt sites and the small Pt NPs size, which is benefit from the high‐index exposed surfaces of truncated hexagonal bipyramid‐shaped α‐Fe2O3 support. The structural evolution during the catalytic reaction was investigated in detail by identical location transmission electron microscopy (IL‐TEM) method, which found that the high cycling activity of Pt/α‐Fe2O3‐O catalyst during the cycle experiment results from the stability of Pt NPs.
A method for assessing the performance of sorting unit operations in a material recovery facility based on waste characterizations
Authors: Tanguay‐Rioux Fabrice , Provost‐Savard Arianne , Spreutels Laurent , Héroux Martin , Legros Robert 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe determination of the separation efficiencies of mechanical sorting equipment is essential to improve the performance of material recovery facilities (MRFs). However, it is often a challenge to obtain these efficiencies due to the high complexity of MRFs, which often comprise several recirculation streams. In this paper, a methodology to determine the equipment separation efficiencies of a complex MRF is described and applied to an actual sorting centre located in the province of Quebec, Canada. Transfer coefficients for every unit operation and several material types, together with all material flows within the facility, have been determined for an MRF processing a stream of commingled recyclable materials. This work also provides a rare dataset of separation efficiencies for several mechanical sorting unit operations. The methodology is validated by comparing experimental data and model predictions for the recovery and purity of all main output streams. The results contribute to identify several avenues for process performance improvement, like adding a magnetic separation at the beginning of the sorting sequence or improving the separation of the 2D‐type materials collected from the second ballistic separator by changing the operation conditions or adding a quality control step. Moreover, the results also provide valuable information about material recovery and purity to help managers improve the process performance. Finally, a scenario analysis demonstrates that the performance of a second ballistic separator has an important impact on the sorting process's global efficiency and that recirculating a fraction of the rejects output stream has a negligible impact on the global performance.
DVO + LCLMF: A web service recommendation mechanism withQoSprivacy preservation
Authors: Li Kui , Ji Yi‐mu , Liu Shang‐dong , Wu Fei , Yao Hai‐chang , He Jing , Liu Qiang , Liu Yan‐lan , Shao Si‐si , You Shuai 
Published: May 2022

AbstractQoS‐aware based web service recommendation is one of the crucial solutions to help users find high‐quality web services. To accurately predict the QoS values of candidate services, it is usually required to collect historical QoS data of users (QoS data for short). If these collected QoS data are improperly processed, QoS data privacy may be threatened. However, how to accurately predict the QoS values of candidate services while protecting QoS data privacy has not been well studied. In response to the situation, we propose a hybrid web service recommendation mechanism, which is divided into three parts. In the first part, the QoS data privacy preservation algorithm, which called DVO, is proposed based on keeping the cosine similarity of QoS data unchanged, that is, to realize the confusion of QoS data while ensuring the availability of QoS data remains unchanged. In the second part, a hybrid matrix factorization model based on location information and service features, which called LCLMF, is proposed to improve the accuracy of QoS values prediction. According to DVO and LCLMF, the DVO + LCLMF is designed in the third part, which can accurately predict QoS values while protecting QoS data privacy. The experimental results show that DVO + LCLMF can accurately predict the QoS values of candidate services on the basis of attaining QoS data privacy protection.
A novel method to reduce indoor signal power fluctuation using multiple adaptive terahertz sources
Authors: Liang Yewen , Jing Qingfeng , Zhong Weizhi 
Published: May 2022

SummaryThe indoor terahertz sources cause power fluctuation at various locations due to obstacles, which can be avoided by deploying multiple sources, but will lead to high energy consumption. In this paper, the reverse ray‐tracing method is used to establish a terahertz indoor channel. The free path loss, atmospheric absorption, and reflection loss are considered. Adaptive algorithms are adopted to solve the large energy consumption of deploying multiple sources. A weight vector coefficient is used based on the location and received user signal to adjust the transmission power of each terahertz source dynamically. The results show that the adaptive power control of multiple terahertz sources substantially reduces the energy consumption and the signal power fluctuations. For static users, the energy consumption can be reduced by 5 and 9 dB, and the maximum data transmission rate can be increased by one to two times using four and nine sources, respectively. Moreover, energy consumption can be reduced by more than 6 dB for several indoor users. For dynamic users with a changing channel environment, the adaptive algorithm can adjust the source power in real time and improve signal efficiency. However, the efficiency improvement of the algorithm is limited by the distribution of the multiple sources. The energy consumption of four sources with the adaptive algorithm operating in the center of the room is greater than that of nine sources without the adaptive algorithm. Nevertheless, the efficiency of the nine sources with the adaptive algorithm is much higher than that of the four sources.
Association of the top 20 Alzheimer's disease risk genes with [18F]flortaucipir PET
Authors: Stage Eddie , Risacher Shannon L. , Lane Kathleen A. , Gao Sujuan , Nho Kwangsik , Saykin Andrew J. , Apostolova Liana G. ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionWe previously reported genetic associations of the top Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk alleles with amyloid deposition and neurodegeneration. Here, we report the association of these variants with [18F]flortaucipir standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR).MethodsWe analyzed the [18F]flortaucipir scans of 352 cognitively normal (CN), 160 mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 54 dementia (DEM) participants from Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI)2 and 3. We ran step‐wise regression with log‐transformed [18F]flortaucipir meta—region of interest SUVR as the outcome measure and genetic variants, age, sex, and apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 as predictors. The results were visualized using parametric mapping at familywise error cluster‐level–corrected P < .05.ResultsAPOE ε4 showed significant (P < .05) associations with tau deposition across all disease stages. Other significantly associated genes include variants in ABCA7 in CN, CR1 in MCI, BIN1 and CASS4 in MCI and dementia participants.DiscussionWe found significant associations to tau deposition for ABCA7, BIN1, CASS4, and CR1, in addition to APOE ε4. These four variants have been previously associated with tau metabolism through model systems.
Alleles of unc‐33/CRMP exhibit defects during Caenorhabditis elegans epidermal morphogenesis
Authors: Prins Rachel , Windsor Peter , Miller Bill R. , Maiden Stephanie 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundMicrotubule‐associated proteins regulate the dynamics, organization, and function of microtubules, impacting a number of vital cellular processes. CRMPs have been shown to control microtubule assembly and axon outgrowth during neuronal differentiation. While many microtubule‐associated proteins have been linked to roles in cell division and neuronal development, it is still unclear the complement that control the formation of parallel microtubule arrays in epithelial cells.ResultsHere we show through time‐lapse DIC microscopy that Caenorhabditis elegans embryos homozygous for the weak loss‐of‐function allele unc‐33(e204) progress more slowly through epidermal morphogenesis, while animals homozygous for strong loss‐of‐function alleles exhibit more embryonic lethality. Identification of two novel missense mutations in unc‐33(e572), Val476Gly, and Ser731Thr, lead to computational approaches to determine the potential effects of these changes on UNC‐33/CRMP structure. Molecular dynamics simulations show that for Asp389Asn and Arg502His, two other known missense mutations, local changes in protein‐protein hydrogen bonding affect the stability of the protein. However, the Val476Gly/Ser731Thr combination does not alter the structure or energetics of UNC‐33 drastically when compared to the wild‐type protein.ConclusionsThese results support a novel role for UNC‐33/CRMP in C. elegans epidermal development and shed light on how individual amino acid changes cause a loss‐of‐function in UNC‐33.
Large size (>100‐μm) microplastics are not biomagnifying in coastal marine food webs of British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Covernton Garth A. , Cox Kieran D. , Fleming Wendy L. , Buirs Brittany M. , Davies Hailey L. , Juanes Francis , Dudas Sarah E. , Dower John F. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMicroplastics (MPs) contamination in marine environments is of increasing concern, as plastic particles are globally ubiquitous across ecosystems. A large variety of aquatic taxa ingest MPs, but the extent to which animals accumulate and transfer MPs through food webs is largely unknown. In this study, we quantified MP uptake in bivalves, crabs, echinoderms, and fish feeding at different trophic levels at three sites on southern Vancouver Island. We paired stable‐isotope food web analysis with MP concentrations in digestive tracts across all trophic levels and in fish livers. We then used Bayesian generalized linear mixed models to explore whether bioaccumulation and biomagnification were occurring. Our results showed that MPs (100–5000 μm along their longest dimension) are not biomagnifying in marine coastal food webs, with no correlation between the digestive tract or fish liver MP concentrations and trophic position of the various species. Ecological traits did, however, affect microplastic accumulation in digestive tracts, with suspension feeder and smaller‐bodied planktivorous fish ingesting more MPs by body weight. Trophic transfer occurred between prey and predator for rockfish, but higher concentrations in full stomachs compared with empty ones suggested rapid excretion of ingested MPs. Collectively, our findings suggested the movement of MP through marine food webs is facilitated by species‐specific mechanisms, with contamination susceptibility a function of species biology, not trophic position. Furthermore, the statistical methods we employ, including machine learning for classifying unknown particles and a probabilistic way to account for background contamination, are universally applicable to the study of microplastics. Our findings advance understanding of how MPs enter and move through aquatic food webs, suggesting that lower‐trophic‐level animals are more at risk of ingesting >100‐μm MPs, relative to higher‐trophic‐level animals. Our work also highlights the need to advance the study of <100‐μm MPs, which are still poorly understood and may need to be considered separately in ecological risk assessments.
Quantifying eco‐evolutionary contributions to trait divergence in spatially structured systems
Authors: Govaert Lynn , Pantel Jelena H. , De Meester Luc 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEcological and evolutionary processes can occur at similar time scales and, hence, influence one another. There has been much progress in developing metrics that quantify contributions of ecological and evolutionary components to trait change over time. However, many empirical evolutionary ecology studies document trait differentiation among populations structured in space. In both time and space, the observed differentiation in trait values among populations and communities can be the result of interactions between nonevolutionary (phenotypic plasticity, changes in the relative abundance of species) and evolutionary (genetic differentiation among populations) processes. However, the tools developed so far to quantify ecological and evolutionary contributions to trait changes are implicitly addressing temporal dynamics because they require directionality of change from an ancestral to a derived state. Identifying directionality from one site to another in spatial studies of eco‐evolutionary dynamics is not always possible and often not meaningful. We suggest three modifications to existing partitioning metrics so they allow quantifying ecological and evolutionary contributions to changes in population and community trait values across spatial locations in landscapes. Applying these spatially modified metrics to published empirical examples shows how these metrics can be used to generate new empirical insights and to facilitate future comparative analyses. The possibility of applying eco‐evolutionary partitioning metrics to populations and communities in natural landscapes is critical as it will broaden our capacity to quantify eco‐evolutionary interactions as they occur in nature.
Solvent Screening Is Not Solvent Effect: A Review on the Most Neglected Aspect of Multicomponent Reactions
Authors: Neto Brenno A D. , Eberlin Marcos N. , Sherwood James 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn the current Perspective article, we critically review and discuss the importance of solvent effects on multicomponent reactions, likely the most neglected aspect in this research field. Although solvent‐free reactions may be desirable sometimes, most multicomponent reactions still require a solvent to properly promote them. This requirement makes the knowledge of all drawbacks and advantages of each solvent a central issue when trying to optimize multicomponent reactions. Yet, only a few studies with actual evidence of solvent effects on these key reactions have been published. For the quantitative effects of solvents, studies are even scarcer. In this Perspective, we argue that greater efforts should be directed to such fundamental studies.
Metal/Metal Dual Catalysis in C−H Activation
Authors: Zhang Qijing , Wang Chengming 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMetal/metal dual catalysis provides new viewpoints and opportunities for C−H functionalization, especially in reactivity and selectivity control aspects. It helps to realize sequential or cooperative catalytic transformations in one‐pot, shortening the synthetic steps in target molecules construction. This micro‐review summarizes the most recent advances in this research field, discusses related mechanism, collecting examples according to the role of the metal species.
Performance assessment of a dual‐axis solar tracker for concentrator photovoltaic systems
Authors: Badr Farouk , Radwan Ali , Ahmed Mahmoud , Hamed Ahmed M. 
Published: May 2022

SummaryEnhancing the performance of a concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) system by integrating a solar tracker to concentrate the solar irradiance on the target area is important. Thus, a dual‐axis elliptic solar tracker is designed, fabricated, and experimentally evaluated. The altitude and solar azimuth angles of the tracker are adjusted based on governing equations to track the sun. The tracker's error is measured using a series of light‐dependent resistors. Then, the tracker is used to assess the CPV system's performance at a solar concentration ratio of 50. The results indicated that the maximum error in solar azimuth and altitude angles equals 0.5°. Furthermore, the measured errors are independent of dust and cloudy weather. By integrating the concentrator PV system and solar tracker, the direct normal irradiance slightly varies throughout the day from 750 to 980 W/m2. At this condition, the maximum measured solar cell temperature is approximately 42°C with a maximum attained electric power of 1.08 W for a solar cell area of 1.012 cm2.
Structural and electrochemical properties of mesoporous FeVO4 as a negative electrode for lithium‐ion battery
Authors: Kakarla Ashok Kumar , Narsimulu D. , Patnam Harishkumar Reddy , Shanthappa R. , Yu Jae Su 
Published: May 2022

SummaryThe approach to accomplishing long cycle solidity usually depends on the electrode materials in lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Herein, mesoporous FeVO4 (MFVO) nanostructures (NSs) were prepared via a simple hydrothermal method and post‐calcination using different concentrations of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) chelating agent. The morphology, microstructure, and mesoporous nature of the as‐prepared samples were characterized by scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, and Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller analyses, respectively. The as‐obtained MFVO NSs were examined as a negative material for LIBs. The enhanced MFVO‐2 (0.2 g of EDTA) electrode provides an initial charge/discharge capacity of 2880 mA h g−1/2707 mA h g−1 at 0.1 A g−1. Even after 100 cycles, it displays a superior specific discharge capacity of 906 mA h g−1. Furthermore, the MFVO‐2 electrode exhibits a high‐rate performance with a steady reversible capacity. As a result, the porosity and density of nanorod‐like morphologies are significant factors in their electrochemical performances. The outstanding electrochemical effects of MFVO NSs may be suggested as a prospective anode material for enhanced LIBs.
A novel long term solar photovoltaic power forecasting approach using LSTM with Nadam optimizer: A case study of India
Authors: Sharma Jatin , Soni Sameer , Paliwal Priyanka , Saboor Shaik , Chaurasiya Prem K. , Sharifpur Mohsen , Khalilpoor Nima , Afzal Asif 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSolar photovoltaic (PV) power is emerging as one of the most viable renewable energy sources. The recent enhancements in the integration of renewable energy sources into the power grid create a dire need for reliable solar power forecasting techniques. In this paper, a new long‐term solar PV power forecasting approach using long short‐term memory (LSTM) model with Nadam optimizer is presented. The LSTM model performs better with the time‐series data as it persists information of more time steps. The experimental models are realized on a 250.25 kW installed capacity solar PV power system located at MANIT Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India. The proposed model is compared with two time‐series models and eight neural network models using LSTM with different optimizers. The obtained results using LSTM with Nadam optimizer present a significant improvement in the forecasting accuracy of 30.56% over autoregressive integrated moving average, 47.48% over seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average, and 1.35%, 1.43%, 3.51%, 4.88%, 11.84%, 50.69%, and 58.29% over models using RMSprop, Adam, Adamax, SGD, Adagrad, Adadelta, and Ftrl optimizer, respectively. The experimental results prove that the proposed methodology is more conclusive for solar PV power forecasting and can be employed for enhanced system planning and management.
Small‐scale assessment method for the fire resistance of historic plaster system and timber structures
Authors: Liblik Johanna , Just Alar 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe primary protection against the charring of timber is ensured by protection materials. Today, there are only a limited number of materials given in design codes as fire protection materials for timber. Historic surface finish materials such as plasters have rarely been studied with respect to fire; no design values exist in the current fire part of Eurocode 5. Full‐scale fire testing is costly to assess the fire performance of material combinations, thus this study presents a useful tool that is specifically tailored to evaluate the fire protection ability of materials in small‐scale. A review of conducted tests demonstrate that the cone heater of a cone calorimeter is a dependable device to estimate the charring performance of protected timber specimens as the test results approximate the ones obtained from furnace tests. This work contributes to the assessment of fire resistance performance of various combinations and types of plaster systems found in existing timber buildings that often require an individual approach for an adequate fire risk analysis and design decisions to meet current fire safety regulations with respect to the load‐bearing capacity and compartmentation of building structures. Increased knowledge on the fire protection performance of traditional plasters is believed to facilitate their wider use in timber buildings, primarily to preserve their significance as part of the cultural built heritage.