bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Filling a gap in maternity care: The caring dilemma in doula practice
Authors: Young Christina 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDoulas are non‐medical support persons, paid for privatively by clients, who offer emotional support during pregnancy and childbirth. While doulas work alongside clinical care providers, such as physicians, midwives, and nurses, they are unregulated and typically have no formal standing in hospitals. As with other types of care work, doula practice is shaped by gendered assumptions about women's “natural” and boundless capacity to provide care. In this paper, I draw on interviews with 26 doulas practicing in Toronto, Canada, to explore the nature of doulas' caring dilemma―the tension between an altruistic motivation to provide care and a desire for greater professional autonomy and control over working conditions among care workers. I show that doulas' self‐imposed obligation to provide a specific model of care, along with their desire to fill gaps in maternity care, results in a caring dilemma that places their own needs in opposition to those of their clients. In response to their significant caring demands, some doulas attempt to alter their work to improve their working conditions.
Disentangling the impact of temperature on consumers' attitudes toward nostalgic advertising
Authors: Yang Qiang , Lin Yanqing , Li Hongxiu , Huo Jiale 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAlthough the effect of temperature on consumers is ubiquitous, little is known about how temperature affects consumers' attitudes toward nostalgic advertising. Drawing on embodied cognition theory, this study explores the effect of temperature on consumers' attitudes toward nostalgic advertising through the mediator of the affective system. Based on two experiments involving personal and historical nostalgic advertising, our results show that when exposed to comfortable temperature, consumers follow the “assimilative effect” of temperature; warm temperatures trigger more positive attitudes toward nostalgic advertising when compared with cool temperatures. However, when exposed to uncomfortable temperatures, consumers follow the “complementary effect” of temperatures; cold temperatures lead to more positive attitudes toward nostalgic advertising than hot temperatures. Furthermore, the affective system plays a mediating role between temperature and consumers' attitudes toward nostalgic advertising. This study contributes to the literature on temperature in marketing and provides a practical guide for companies to implement nostalgic advertising strategies.
Effect of encapsulation methods and materials on the survival and viability of Lactobacillus acidophilus: A review
Authors: Altamirano‐Ríos Ana Veronica , Guadarrama‐Lezama Andrea Y. , Arroyo‐Maya Izlia J. , Hernández‐Álvarez Alan‐Javier , Orozco‐Villafuerte Juan 
Published: April 2022

SummaryConsumption of probiotics is an area of research that has rapidly expanded in the last years. Lactobacilli are one of the most important probiotic bacteria owing to their beneficial impacts on human health. The most important challenge is the survival of probiotics against several conditions during processing, as well as harsh environments during gastrointestinal digestion. As an alternative to the preservation of probiotic bacteria, different encapsulation processes have been proved. Several methods and materials are currently used for probiotic encapsulation, which influences the survivability of probiotics. Thus, this review aims to understand and summarise the effects of the methods and materials used in the encapsulation of Lactobacillus acidophilus, and its consequences on their survival and viability under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. Among several studies reported, the alginate capsules obtained by external ionic gelation through extrusion and chitosan coating showed the highest encapsulation yield of 99.33%. Lastly, future research directions on the topic are suggested.
Nondestructive detection of Panax notoginseng saponins by using hyperspectral imaging
Authors: Shi Lei , Li Lixia , Zhang Fujie , Lin Yuhao 
Published: April 2022

SummaryPanax notoginseng saponin (PNS) is the most important physical and chemical index of panax notoginseng. In order to detect PNS rapidly and non‐destructively, 160 hyperspectral images of panax notoginseng rhizome and main root were acquired by using a visible‐near infrared hyperspectral image acquisition system (400–1000 nm), and the original spectrum were extracted from hyperspectral images. The signal‐to‐noise ratio of the spectrum was improved by savitzky‐golay mixed multiplication scatter correction (SG‐MSC) pretreatment. Feature wavelengths were extracted by using competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS), variable combination population analysis (VCPA) and bootstrapping soft shrinkage (BOSS), and support vector regression (SVR) model was established based on the feature spectrum and the original spectrum. By comparing, it was found that BOSS had the best effect of feature selection. In order to improve the accuracy of the model, equilibrium optimizer (EO) was used to optimise the parameters (c, g) of the BOSS‐SVR model. The results showed that BOSS‐EO‐SVR of the optimal prediction model of PNS, achieving and RMSEP of 0.95 and 0.32%, respectively. Therefore, hyperspectral imaging combined with BOSS‐EO‐SVR model is a feasible method to detect PNS.
Hypolipidemic effects of the fermented soymilk with a novel Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strain X7021 on mice via modulating lipid metabolism and gut microbiota
Authors: Jiang Chentian , Liu Yafan , Wang Yijia , Su Erzheng , Du Lei , Tang Ya‐Jie , Xie Jingli , Wei Dongzhi 
Published: April 2022

SummaryThe hypolipidemic effect of soymilk fermented by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum X7021, which is a novel strain isolated from the brine of stinky tofu, on high‐fat‐diet (HFD)‐induced hyperlipidemic mice was studied. The fermented soymilk could significantly inhibit 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methyl glutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGR) in vitro, and lower 23.8% total cholesterol, 45.5% triglyceride, and 15.4% low density lipoprotein cholesterol and increase 31.1% high density lipoprotein cholesterol in hyperlipidemic mice serum at the end of 4 w administration period. At the same time, the oxidative stress in hyperlipidemic mice was nearly alleviated to normal level. Furthermore, the bile salt hydrolase produced by the strain, the key enzymes, hormones and transcriptional regulators involved in hepatic lipids metabolism, faecal short chain fatty acids contents, and the abundance and diversity of gut microbiota in hyperlipidemic mice were analysed, verifying that the fermented soymilk ameliorated hyperlipidemia through the degradation of bile salts, modulating lipids metabolism and influencing gut microbiota. Consequently, this fermented soymilk is prospective in the functional food for the hypolipidemic application.
Neuroprotective effects on microglia and insights into the structure–activity relationship of an antioxidant peptide isolated from Pelophylax perezi
Authors: Plácido Alexandra , do Pais do Amaral Constança , Teixeira Cátia , Nogueira Ariane , Brango‐Vanegas José , Alves Barbosa Eder , C. Moreira Daniel , Silva‐Carvalho Amandda É. , da Silva Maria da Gloria , do Nascimento Dias Jhones , Albuquerque Patrícia , Saldanha‐Araújo Felipe , C. D. A. Lima Filipe , Batagin‐Neto Augusto , Kuckelhaus Selma , Bessa Lucinda J. , Freitas Jaime , Dotto Brand Guilherme , C. Santos Nuno , B. Relvas João , Gomes Paula , S. A. Leite José Roberto , Eaton Peter 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTryptophyllins constitute a heterogeneous group of peptides that are one of the first classes of peptides identified from amphibian’s skin secretions. Here, we report the structural characterization and antioxidant properties of a novel tryptophyllin‐like peptide, named PpT‐2, isolated from the Iberian green frog Pelophylax perezi. The skin secretion of P. perezi was obtained by electrical stimulation and fractionated using RP‐HPLC. De novo peptide sequencing was conducted using MALDI MS/MS. The primary structure of PpT‐2 (FPWLLS‐NH2) was confirmed by Edman degradation and subsequently investigated using in silico tools. PpT‐2 shared physicochemical properties with other well‐known antioxidants. To test PpT‐2 for antioxidant activity in vitro, the peptide was synthesized by solid phase and assessed in the chemical‐based ABTS and DPPH scavenging assays. Then, a flow cytometry experiment was conducted to assess PpT‐2 antioxidant activity in oxidatively challenged murine microglial cells. As predicted by the in silico analyses, PpT‐2 scavenged free radicals in vitro and suppressed the generation of reactive species in PMA‐stimulated BV‐2 microglia cells. We further explored possible bioactivities of PpT‐2 against prostate cancer cells and bacteria, against which the peptide exerted a moderate antiproliferative effect and negligible antimicrobial activity. The biocompatibility of PpT‐2 was evaluated in cytotoxicity assays and in vivo toxicity with Galleria mellonella. No toxicity was detected in cells treated with up to 512 µg/ml and in G. mellonella treated with up to 40 mg/kg PpT‐2. This novel peptide, PpT‐2, stands as a promising peptide with potential therapeutic and biotechnological applications, mainly for the treatment/prevention of neurodegenerative disorders.
Incidence and familial clustering of infantile haemangiomas: a multicentre study
Authors: Lin P.‐F. , Chen F.‐C. , Chen J.‐Y. , Hu L.‐H. , Xie W.‐J. , Liu T.‐Y. , Guo S.‐B. , Lin X.‐M. , Liu X.‐W. , Ye X.‐H. , Li M. , Jiang C.‐H. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe exact incidence of infantile haemangiomas (IH) in the Chinese population is still unknown. A positive family history of IH was considered as a risk factor for the development of IH.ObjectivesThis study aims to investigate the incidence of IH in the Chinese population and the mechanism of family history increases the risk for IH development.MethodsA total of 2489 women and their newborns were enrolled in the prospective study. All newborns were followed up for 12 months to determine whether they developed IH. In addition, 213 IH probands and their 174 siblings were enrolled in the study. The incidence of IH in siblings of the IH probands was investigated. Information regarding risk factors for IH and demographic data were collected on all children.ResultsOf the 2572 newborns, 58 IH were identified in 56 (2.2%) newborns. The majority of IH were located on the trunk (46.6%). Siblings of the IH probands were at increased risk for the development of IH (P = 0.024, relative risk 2.451), and the occurrence of prenatal risk factors for IH(P = 0.003) compared with the general population.ConclusionsOur study showed that the incidence of IH is 2.2% in the Chinese population. Siblings of the individuals with IH were at increased risk for the development of IH may be related to the family clustering of prenatal risk factors for IH. Further exploration of the mechanisms and common features of these prenatal risk factors may help to disclose the origin and pathogenesis of IH.
Reconceptualizing the Haitian Migration System in the Caribbean Basin: A Spatial Approach to Multi‐local Fields
Authors: Audebert Cédric 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis article addresses the issue of Haitian migration in the Caribbean basin from a geodynamic point of view—that is to say, by focusing on the spatial dynamics of migratory flows that integrate societies of origin, settlement, and transit within the same framework. It approaches the geographies of Haitian mobility by situating the bilocal transnational migration field in the larger framework of the multilocal, global Haitian migration system. Transnational fields interconnect to weave a Caribbean system of migration and circulation. The observation of individuals’ mobility patterns in this diasporic system reveals the strategic role of regional hubs (Miami, St. Martin, etc.), in which Caribbean migration fields (those that connect Haiti to the rest of the region) and extra‐Caribbean mobility fields (i.e., intra‐US or transatlantic fields) are interconnected.
The tauopathies: Neuroimaging characteristics and emerging experimental therapies
Authors: Riley Kalen J. , Graner Brian D. , Veronesi Michael C. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe tauopathies are a heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders in which the prevailing underlying disease process is intracellular deposition of abnormal misfolded tau protein. Diseases often categorized as tauopathies include progressive supranuclear palsy, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, corticobasal degeneration, and frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Tauopathies can be classified through clinical assessment, imaging findings, histologic validation, or molecular biomarkers tied to the underlying disease mechanism. Many tauopathies vary in their clinical presentation and overlap substantially in presentation, making clinical diagnosis of a specific primary tauopathy difficult. Anatomic imaging findings are also rarely specific to a single tauopathy, and when present may not manifest until well after the point at which therapy may be most impactful. Molecular biomarkers hold the most promise for patient care and form a platform upon which emerging diagnostic and therapeutic applications could be developed. One of the most exciting developments utilizing these molecular biomarkers for assessment of tau deposition within the brain is tau‐PET imaging utilizing novel ligands that specifically target tau protein. This review will discuss the background, significance, and clinical presentation of each tauopathy with additional attention to the pathologic mechanisms at the protein level. The imaging characteristics will be outlined with select examples of emerging imaging techniques. Finally, current treatment options and emerging therapies will be discussed. This is by no means a comprehensive review of the literature but is instead intended for the practicing radiologist as an overview of a rapidly evolving topic.
Long‐term recurrence‐free survival and complications of percutaneous balloon compression and radiofrequency thermocoagulation of Gasserian ganglion for trigeminal neuralgia: A retrospective study of 1313 cases
Authors: Zheng Shuyue , Yuan Rong , Ni Jiaxiang , Liu Hongfu , Yang Yucheng , Zhang Shusheng , Li Juanhong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate long‐term recurrence, complications after percutaneous balloon compression (PBC) and radiofrequency thermocoagulation (RFT) of gasserian ganglion among a large sample of patients with trigeminal neuralgia (TN) during a long‐term follow‐up.MethodsA retrospective analysis of 1313 patients undergoing PBC or RFT for the treatment of TN was conducted from 2006 to 2020. Recurrence‐free survival (RFS) was assessed by the Kaplan–Meier method. Complications including facial numbness, corneal reflex decrease and masseter weakness were also estimated.ResultsFor patients who received first initial PBC and RFT, the median RFS was 130.1 months (95% CI: 124.4, 135.9) and 123.3 months (95% CI: 117.6, 128.9) in PBC and RFT group with log‐rank p = 0.108. The RFS rate was, respectively, 90.6% (95% CI: 88.1%–93.3%) and 91.4% (95% CI: 89.1%–93.7%) at 1 year, 84.6% (95% CI: 81.4%–87.8%) and 83.3% (95% CI: 80.3%–86.3%) at 3 years, 81.5% (95% CI: 78.1%–85.0%), and 78.6% (95% CI: 75.2%–81.9%) at 5 years, 71.5% (95% CI: 67.5%–75.5%), and 64.8% (95% CI: 61.0%–68.7%) at 10 years in two groups. No significant difference was observed in facial numbness degree between two groups after procedure. Compared with PBC group, ophthalmic complication prevalence was higher in RFT group (9.6%) (p = 0.001). However, masseter weakness incidence was lower (10.7%) than that in PBC group (24.0%) with p < 0.001.ConclusionsPatients with TN seemed to attain similar long‐term benefit from PBC and RFT, especially in elderly. However, in order to reduce postoperative complications, PBC provided a safer and alternative for treating TN involving ophthalmic division, whereas RFT could be employed as a preferred regimen for maxillary and mandibular TN.
Nitrate fertilization may delay autumn leaf senescence, while amino acid treatments do not
Authors: Fataftah Nazeer , Edlund Erik , Lihavainen Jenna , Bag Pushan , Björkén Lars , Näsholm Torgny , Jansson Stefan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFertilization with nitrogen (N)‐rich compounds leads to increased growth but may compromise phenology and winter survival of trees in boreal regions. During autumn, N is remobilized from senescing leaves and stored in other parts of the tree to be used in the next growing season. However, the mechanism behind the N fertilization effect on winter survival is not well understood, and it is unclear how N levels or forms modulate autumn senescence. We performed fertilization experiments and showed that treating Populus saplings with inorganic nitrogen resulted in a delay in senescence. In addition, by using precise delivery of solutes into the xylem stream of Populus trees in their natural environment, we found that delay of autumn senescence was dependent on the form of N administered: inorganic N () delayed senescence, but amino acids (Arg, Glu, Gln, and Leu) did not. Metabolite profiling of leaves showed that the levels of tricarboxylic acids, arginine catabolites (ammonium, ornithine), glycine, glycine‐serine ratio and overall carbon‐to‐nitrogen (C/N) ratio were affected differently by the way of applying NO3− and Arg treatments. In addition, the onset of senescence did not coincide with soluble sugar accumulation in control trees or in any of the treatments. We propose that different regulation of C and N status through direct molecular signaling of NO3− and/or different allocation of N between tree parts depending on N forms could account for the contrasting effects of NO3− and tested here amino acids (Arg, Glu, Gln, and Leu) on autumn senescence.
A value of information framework for assessing the trade‐offs associated with uncertainty, duration, and cost of chemical toxicity testing
Authors: Hagiwara Shintaro , Paoli Greg M. , Price Paul S. , Gwinn Maureen R. , Guiseppi‐Elie Annette , Farrell Patrick J. , Hubbell Bryan J. , Krewski Daniel , Thomas Russell S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA number of investigators have explored the use of value of information (VOI) analysis to evaluate alternative information collection procedures in diverse decision‐making contexts. This paper presents an analytic framework for determining the value of toxicity information used in risk‐based decision making. The framework is specifically designed to explore the trade‐offs between cost, timeliness, and uncertainty reduction associated with different toxicity‐testing methodologies. The use of the proposed framework is demonstrated by two illustrative applications which, although based on simplified assumptions, show the insights that can be obtained through the use of VOI analysis. Specifically, these results suggest that timeliness of information collection has a significant impact on estimates of the VOI of chemical toxicity tests, even in the presence of smaller reductions in uncertainty. The framework introduces the concept of the expected value of delayed sample information, as an extension to the usual expected value of sample information, to accommodate the reductions in value resulting from delayed decision making. Our analysis also suggests that lower cost and higher throughput testing also may be beneficial in terms of public health benefits by increasing the number of substances that can be evaluated within a given budget. When the relative value is expressed in terms of return‐on‐investment per testing strategy, the differences can be substantial.
Riemann problem for isentropic magnetogasdynamics in a variable cross‐section duct
Authors: Sheng Wancheng , Xiao Tao , Zhang Qinglong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we mainly discuss the Riemann problem for conservation laws of isentropic magnetogasdynamics in a variable cross‐section duct. For any Riemann initial data, the existence of solution is obtained constructively in phase plane. The stability condition of stationary wave and the entropy rate admissibility criterion are postulated to guarantee the uniqueness of the Riemann solution. Our results can be applied to other conservation laws with similar geometric source terms without much difficulty. Moreover, the Riemann solutions have potential in the application to the design of numerical schemes in the future study.
New method of internal fixation in laparoscopic Tenckhoff catheter placement
Authors: Peng Jianwei , Lin Hanfei , Cai Chudan , Cai Cong , Yang Lihua , Peng Yanqiang , Wu Kefei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundDespite obvious advantages of peritoneal dialysis (PD), mechanical complications are responsible for the failure of PD at early stage. Suture fixation in laparoscopic PD catheter method could reduce mechanical complications. In our study, a simple method to fix PD catheter was developed.MethodsTenckhoff catheter placement was performed in 49 consecutive patients. In the technique, only two trocars were used. With the help of syringe needle and forceps, a loop of silk was prepared at the abdominal wall. The PD catheter was thread through the loop. The silk ligature was tied subcutaneously keeping the catheter suspended from the abdominal wall. Primary outcomes were catheter‐related complications. Secondary outcomes were 6‐month catheter survival rates and death within 30 days. Data were analyzed retrospectively.ResultsThe average operation time was 49.7 ± 15.8 min. Minimum follow‐up time was 6 months. No catheter displacement or hernia was detected. One patient had omental wrapping after silk suture rupture, 2 patients had outflow obstruction, and 3 patients had leakage. No one died within 30 days postoperatively. Catheter survival was 95.8% at 6 months.ConclusionsThe method we described greatly reduced the risk of catheter displacement and omental wrap. Also, the required instrument and laparoscopic skill were simple.
The rise of Chengdu between geopolitics and geo‐economics: City‐regional development under the Belt and Road Initiative and beyond
Authors: Zhang Mengzhu , Wen Tianzuo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCity‐regional development is a key lens to understand the interplay between geo‐economics and geopolitics (re)shaping multiscale geographic processes. We advance this thesis by foregrounding the state–finance–infrastructure nexus underpinning contemporary city‐regional development. We argue that unpacking this nexus is important for understanding how the co‐constitution of crisis‐driven state restructurings and state‐mediated geographic processes arises as a solution to pressing crises emerging from the current conjuncture. In this conjuncture, the financial sector and the city‐region are the focal points of state regulation for addressing multidimensional and multiscale crises. We substantiate this argument by tracing how and why the Chinese central state restructured the municipal financing policy to prompt the rapid transformation of Chengdu from a less‐developed city in Western China to an emerging gateway city on the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) since the mid‐2010s. We contribute an inward and material approach to understanding the geostrategy by shifting the attention from the broad‐level abstraction of external geopolitical/geo‐economic goals to (1) the material processes in which the geostrategy unfolds through internal institutional restructurings and territorial reorganisation and (2) how the BRI‐related infrastructure projects are enacted for addressing social, political and economic requisites at the (sub)national scale.