bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Macrophages in Demyelinating Peripheral Nervous System of Mice Heterozygously Deficient in P0
Authors: Carenini Stefano , Mäurer Mathias , Werner Alexander , Blazyca Heinrich , Toyka Klaus V. , Schmid Christoph D. , Raivich Gennadij , Martini Rudolf 
Published: July 2002

Mice heterozygously deficient in the p0 gene (P0+/−) are animal models for some forms of inherited neuropathies. They display a progressive demyelinating phenotype in motor nerves, accompanied by mild infiltration of lymphocytes and increase in macrophages. We have shown previously that the T lymphocytes are instrumental in the demyelination process. This study addresses the functional role of the macrophage in this monogenic myelin disorder.
In motor nerves of P0+/− mice, the number of macrophages in demyelinated peripheral nerves was increased by a factor of five when compared with motor nerves of wild-type mice. Immunoelectron microscopy, using a specific marker for mouse macrophages, displayed macrophages not only in the endoneurium of the myelin mutants, but also within endoneurial tubes, suggesting an active role in demyelination. To elucidate the roles of the macrophages, we crossbred the myelin mutants with a spontaneous mouse mutant deficient in macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), hence displaying impaired macrophage activation. In the P0-deficient double mutants also deficient in M-CSF, the numbers of macrophages were not elevated in the demyelinating motor nerves and demyelination was less severe. These findings demonstrate an active role of macrophages during pathogenesis of inherited demyelination with putative impact on future treatment strategies.
Effects of dietary calcium on adipocyte lipid metabolism and body weight regulation in energy‐restricted aP2‐agouti transgenic mice
Authors: Shi Hang , DiRienzo Douglas , Zemel Michael B. 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACTWe have demonstrated previously a regulatory role for intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) in adipocyte lipogenesis and lipolysis and have recently reported that 1,25‐(OH)2‐D increases adipocyte [Ca2+]i, which causes increased lipogenesis and decreased lipolysis. We have now tested the hypothesis that suppressing 1,25‐(OH)2‐D by increasing dietary calcium will suppress adipocyte [Ca2+]i, thereby facilitating weight loss by stimulating lipolysis and inhibiting lipogenesis in calorically (Kcal)‐restricted (70% of ad lib) aP2‐agouti transgenic (aP2‐a) mice. Mice (aP2‐a) exhibiting a pattern of obesity gene expression similar to humans were fed a low‐Ca (0.4%)/high‐fat/high‐sucrose diet for six weeks, resulting in a 27% and twofold increase in body weight and total fat pad mass, respectively, with a twofold increase in adipocyte [Ca2+]i (p<0.001). Mice were then either maintained on the same low‐Ca basal diet ad lib or Kcal‐restricted (70% of ad lib) on this diet either unsupplemented (basal) or with 25% or 50% of the protein replaced by non‐fat dry milk (medium or high) dairy or supplemented with CaCO3 to 1.2% Ca for six weeks. Adipocyte [Ca2+]i was unaffected by Kcal restriction but was reduced markedly by all three high Ca diets (290 vs. 130 nM, p<0.001). Body weight was reduced by 11%, 19%, 25%, and 29% by the restricted basal, high‐Ca, medium‐dairy and high‐dairy diets, with corresponding decreases in fat pad mass of 8, 42, 60, and 69% vs. ad lib basal (p<0.001), respectively. The high‐Ca diets caused similar decreases in fatty acid synthase activity 35%‐63%, p<0.001), increases in lipolysis (two‐ to threefold, p<0.001). All three high‐Ca diets increased adipocyte uncoupling protein 2 expression approximately twofold (p<0.02), with a corresponding increase in core temperature (0.48‐0.67°C, p<0.05). Thus, high‐Ca diets suppress adipocyte [Ca2+]i and thereby reduce energy storage and increase thermogenesis during Kcal restriction.
Visualization of Sentinel Lymph Nodes with Mannosylated Fluorescent Nanodiamonds
Authors: Kvakova Klaudia , Ondra Martin , Schimer Jiri , Petrik Milos , Novy Zbynek , Raabova Helena , Hajduch Marian , Cigler Petr 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe present study focuses on the development of a sensitive and specific approach for the visualization of sentinel lymph nodes draining the tumor using ultrabright 200‐nm fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) equipped with a designed targeting surface architecture. The FNDs with a narrow size distribution are isolated by differential centrifugation, colloidally stabilized with alkyne‐functionalized poly(glycerol) and modified with a polyvalent array of mannose (FND‐p‐Man). In vitro experiments demonstrate an outstanding increase of the particle internalization by the mannose receptor CD206 (MR) and no significant toxicity. MR involvement is confirmed by blocking ligand binding with mannan and a 15.2 mAb (specific anti‐MR) in J774A.1 mouse macrophage cell line. In vivo mouse experiments confirm increased retention of FND‐p‐Man in sentinel lymph nodes of both healthy and B16 melanoma bearing animals. These results suggest that FND‐p‐Man has potential as a tracer for lymph node visualization in locoregional perioperative cancer diagnostics and as a tool for endoscopic/robotic fluorescence‐guided surgery.
Nanomedicines Targeting Respiratory Injuries for Pulmonary Disease Management
Authors: Liu Dong , Long Mengmeng , Gao Leilei , Chen Yanjun , Li Fang , Shi Yang , Gu Ning 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe respiratory system holds crucial importance in the biology of vertebrate animals. Injuries of the respiratory system caused by viral infections (e.g., by COVID‐19, MERS, and SARS) can lead to severe or lethal conditions. So far there are no effective treatments for respiratory injuries. This represents a highly unmet clinical need, e.g., during the current COVID‐19 pandemic. Nanomedicines have high potential in the treatment of respiratory injuries. In this review, the pathology and clinical treatments of major respiratory injuries, acute lung injury, and acute respiratory distress syndrome are briefly summarized. The review primarily focuses on nanomedicines based on liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, and inorganic nanoparticles, which are tested in preclinical models for the treatment of respiratory injuries. These nanomedicines are utilized to deliver a variety of therapeutic agents, including corticosteroids, statins, and nucleic acids. Furthermore, nanomedicines are also investigated for other respiratory diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma. The promising preclinical results of various nanoformulations from these studies suggest the potential of nanomedicines for future clinical management of respiratory viral infections and diseases.
Photoacoustic Imaging‐Guided Synergistic Photothermal/Radiotherapy Using Plasmonic Bi/Bi2O3−x Nanoparticles
Authors: Huang Xiaoyu , Zha Fengjuan , Zou Jianhua , Li Yingxuan , Wang Fu , Chen Xiaoyuan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe integration of photothermal agents and radiosensitizers has been widely implemented in synergistic antitumor treatment because it maintains the advantages of the single model; however, they result in unsatisfactory treatment effects due to their multi‐component, unstable, and non‐degradable nature. Herein, plasmonic Bi/Bi2O3−x is synthesized by in situ fabrication of Bi2O3−x on elemental Bi through a facile hydrothermal method. After encapsulation with DSPE‐PEG2000‐folate, the Bi/Bi2O3−x nanoparticles (NPs) effectively accumulate in tumor sites to serve as a multifunctional therapeutic agent that can damage tumor sections by absorbing near‐infrared light and X‐rays. As demonstrated in penetration depth experiments, the NPs exhibit excellent photoacoustic imaging capabilities for deep tissues. Both blood biochemistry tests and histological assays demonstrate the biosafety of Bi/Bi2O3−x NPs in vivo due to their acceptable toxicity and biological clearance properties. Consequently, the prepared NPs are a desirable candidate for effective second near‐infrared photothermal/radiotherapy.
Data Mining for Terahertz Generation Crystals
Authors: Valdivia‐Berroeta Gabriel A. , Zaccardi Zachary B. , Pettit Sydney K. F. , Ho (Enoch) Sin‐Hang , Palmer Bruce Wayne , Lutz Matthew J. , Rader Claire , Hunter Brittan P. , Green Natalie K. , Barlow Connor , Wayment Coriantumr Z. , Ludlow Daisy J. , Petersen Paige , Smith Stacey J. , Michaelis David J. , Johnson Jeremy A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA data mining approach to discover and develop new organic nonlinear optical crystals that produce intense pulses of terahertz radiation is demonstrated. The Cambridge Structural Database is mined for non‐centrosymmetric materials and these structural data are used in tandem with density functional theory calculations to predict new materials that efficiently generate terahertz radiation. This enables us to (in a relatively short time) discover, synthesize, and grow large, high‐quality crystals of four promising materials and characterize them for intense terahertz generation. In a direct comparison to the current state‐of‐the‐art organic terahertz generation crystals, these new materials excel. The discovery and characterization of these novel terahertz generators validate the approach of combining data mining with density functional theory calculations to predict properties of high‐performance organic materials, potentially for a host of exciting applications.
Advances in the Development of Single‐Atom Catalysts for High‐Energy‐Density Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Liang Ziwei , Shen Jiadong , Xu Xijun , Li Fangkun , Liu Jun , Yuan Bin , Yu Yan , Zhu Min 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAlthough lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries are promising next‐generation energy‐storage systems, their practical applications are limited by the growth of Li dendrites and lithium polysulfide shuttling. These problems can be mitigated through the use of single‐atom catalysts (SACs), which exhibit the advantages of maximal atom utilization efficiency (≈100%) and unique catalytic properties, thus effectively enhancing the performance of electrode materials in energy‐storage devices. This review systematically summarizes the recent progress in SACs intended for use in Li‐metal anodes, S cathodes, and separators, briefly introducing the operating principles of Li–S batteries, the action mechanisms of the corresponding SACs, and the fundamentals of SACs activity, and then comprehensively describes the main strategies for SACs synthesis. Subsequently, the applications of SACs and the principles of SACs operation in reinforced Li–S batteries as well as other metal–S batteries are individually illustrated, and the major challenges of SACs usage in Li–S batteries as well as future development directions are presented.
Transferring Liquid Metal to form a Hybrid Solid Electrolyte via a Wettability‐Tuning Technology for Lithium‐Metal Anodes
Authors: Jin Xin , Cai Ziqiang , Zhang Xinrui , Yu Jianming , He Qiya , Lu Zhenda , Dahbi Mouad , Alami Jones , Lu Jun , Amine Khalil , Zhang Huigang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntegrating solid‐state electrolyte (SSE) into Li‐metal anodes has demonstrated great promise to unleash the high energy density of rechargeable Li‐metal batteries. However, fabricating a highly cyclable SSE/Li‐metal anode remains a major challenge because the densification of the SSE is usually incompatible with the reactive Li metal. Here, a liquid‐metal‐derived hybrid solid electrolyte (HSE) is proposed, and a facile transfer technology to construct an artificial HSE on the Li metal is reported. By tuning the wettability of the transfer substrates, electron‐ and ion‐conductive liquid metal is sandwiched between electron‐insulating and ion‐conductive LiF and oxides to form the HSE. The transfer technology renders the HSE continuous, dense, and uniform. The HSE, having high ion transport, electron shut‐off, and mechanical strength, makes the composite anode deliver excellent cyclability for over 4000 h at 0.5 mA cm−2 and 1 mAh cm−2 in a symmetrical cell. When pairing with LiFePO4 and sulfur cathodes, the HSE‐coated Li metal dramatically enhances the performance of full cells. Therefore, this work demonstrates that tuning the interfacial wetting properties provides an alternate approach to build a robust solid electrolyte, which enables highly efficient Li‐metal anodes.
Highly Luminescent and Multifunctional Zero‐Dimensional Cesium Lanthanide Chloride (Cs3LnCl6) Colloidal Nanocrystals
Authors: Lee Minji , Lee Dong Hyun David , Hong Seong Vin , Woo Ho Young , Chae Ji‐Yeon , Lee Da Won , Han Myung Joon , Paik Taejong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHerein, the synthesis of novel, highly luminescent, and nearly monodisperse zero‐dimensional (0D) cesium lanthanide chloride (Cs3LnCl6; Ln = Y, Ce, Gd, Er, Tm, Yb) colloidal nanocrystals (NCs) is reported for the first time. The Cs3LnCl6 NCs are synthesized using a heating‐up method and exhibit highly uniform size and shape. The monoclinic‐phase Cs3LnCl6 NCs contain completely isolated [LnCl6]3− octahedral units, resulting in 0D ternary metal halide structures. Therefore, these NCs exhibit deep‐blue photoluminescence under ultraviolet excitation, and this photoluminescence can be tuned by changing the lanthanide cations within the [LnCl6]3− octahedral units. High photoluminescence quantum yields of up to 60% and 90% are observed for the Cs3YbCl6 and Cs3YCl6 NCs, respectively, at room temperature and under ambient conditions. The Cs3LnCl6 NCs exhibit characteristic optical and magnetic properties owing to the f‐orbitals of the lanthanide elements. For example, near‐infrared‐to‐visible upconversion luminescence appears when Cs3LnCl6 NCs are doped with Er3+ and Yb3+ ions. In addition, the Cs3GdCl6 NCs demonstrate paramagnetic properties owing to the unpaired electrons within the f‐orbitals of the trivalent gadolinium ions. This study provides guidance for the rational design and synthesis of novel lanthanide‐based 0D metal halide NCs, which can potentially be used as highly efficient, multifunctional NC emitters.
Phase Transition‐Driven Highly Sensitive, NIR–NIR Band‐Shape Luminescent Thermometer Based on LiYO2:Nd3+
Authors: Marciniak Lukasz , Piotrowski Wojciech Michal , Drozd Marek , Kinzhybalo Vasyl , Bednarkiewicz Artur , Dramicanin Miroslav 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAlmost all existing luminescent thermometers rely on the temperature‐dependent processes such as multi‐phonon relaxation and phonon‐assisted energy transfers, thermal population, or coupling between energy levels of ground and excited states of luminescent species (lanthanides, transition metals, quantum dots, fluorescent molecules, etc.). Although such phenomena are in principle suitable for straightforward calibration, aiming to offer high temperature sensitivity, high temperature resolution and the widest possible temperature sensitivity range, their performance is often dependent on the excitation intensity or sample dispersive properties and often suffers from insufficient brightness, which further becomes dimmer at increased temperatures. Exploiting temperature‐dependent continuous phase transitions that modify the same near‐infrared (NIR) emission band under the same NIR excitation wavelength may provide an alternative reading method for temperature sensing. Here, such a new principle of luminescent nano‐thermometry (LNT) using a Nd3+ doped nanocrystalline LiYO2 matrix is studied, significant sensitivities of up to 6%/K are achieved, and other issues found in conventional LNT are circumvented. Due to the hysteresis found in this class of LNT, they may find applications in studies of temperature gradients and can be integrated with modern nanophotonic devices.
Fabrication of Wideband Low‐Profile Dielectric Patch Antennas from Temperature Stable 0.65 CaTiO3–0.35 LaAlO3Microwave Dielectric Ceramic
Authors: Du Chao , Zhou Di , Li Rui‐Tao , Chen He‐Tuo , Zhou Guo‐Hong , Tang Bin , Darwish Moustafa Adel , Xia Song , Xu Zhuo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this paper, the medium dielectric constant 0.65CaTiO3‐0.35LaAlO3(CTLA) composite microwave ceramic is employed to introduce in dielectric patch antennas (DPA). Typical, high‐performance microwave dielectric properties ofεr ≈ 44.8,Q × f ≈ 43 950 GHz@3.67 GHz andTCF ≈ 0 ppm °C–1can be obtained by solid‐state reaction method in CTLA composite microwave ceramics sintered at 1450 °C for 2 h. Then, the CTLA composite ceramic patch fired with silver coating is mounted on the Rogers RO4003C substrate operating as a magnetic wall boundary. A simplified cavity‐like theoretical model is used to analyze the proposed DPA structure and the accuracy of this antenna model is evaluated by the theoretical results from a commercial CST Microwave Studio 2019. Based on this, the CTLA composite ceramic physical property is modified to enhance the radiation efficiency and reduce profile of the DPA. The higher‐order TM121mode is brought close to the dominant TM101mode by taking advantage of the multimode characteristics of the dielectric patch resonator and introducing a sintered silver slot in the ceramic dielectric patch. For demonstration, the proposed DPA prototype operating in the multiprobe antenna near the field measurement system is implemented and measured.
Genotype–phenotype correlates in Joubert syndrome: A review
Authors: Gana Simone , Serpieri Valentina , Valente Enza Maria 
Published: March 2022

AbstractJoubert syndrome (JS) is a genetically heterogeneous primary ciliopathy characterized by a pathognomonic cerebellar and brainstem malformation, the “molar tooth sign,” and variable organ involvement. Over 40 causative genes have been identified to date, explaining up to 94% of cases. To date, gene‐phenotype correlates have been delineated only for a handful of genes, directly translating into improved counseling and clinical care. For instance, JS individuals harboring pathogenic variants in TMEM67 have a significantly higher risk of liver fibrosis, while pathogenic variants in NPHP1, RPGRIP1L, and TMEM237 are frequently associated to JS with renal involvement, requiring a closer monitoring of liver parameters, or renal functioning. On the other hand, individuals with causal variants in the CEP290 or AHI1 need a closer surveillance for retinal dystrophy and, in case of CEP290, also for chronic kidney disease. These examples highlight how an accurate description of the range of clinical symptoms associated with defects in each causative gene, including the rare ones, would better address prognosis and help guiding a personalized management. This review proposes to address this issue by assessing the available literature, to confirm known, as well as to propose rare gene‐phenotype correlates in JS.
The evolution of de novo human‐specific microRNA genes on chromosome 21
Authors: Johnson Hunter R. , Blandino Jessica A. , Mercado Beatriz C. , Galván José A. , Higgins William J. , Lents Nathan H. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe genetic basis of human uniqueness remains one of the most enduring mysteries in biological anthropology. The goal of this research project was to identify, characterize, and infer the origin and function of novel elements in the human genome that are not functionally shared with other apes. Our approach toward this goal was to utilize a variety of genome alignment tools to discover islands of non‐conserved DNA sequences, followed by theoretical and computational analysis of those regions using synteny sequence analysis. We discovered families of microRNA genes on human chromosome 21 with no detectable orthologs in the other African apes. We then developed a working model of their origin through repeated rounds of segmental duplication occurring within an array of rRNA genes. Target prediction reveals potential roles for these microRNA genes in the embryonic development of the central nervous system. We conclude that the 21p11 region of human chromosome 21 has undergone segmental duplication events that generated de novo microRNA genes from within a field of rRNA genes. These microRNA genes may have played a role in the unique evolutionary trajectory of the human lineage through their modulation of genes involved in embryonic development.
Comparative efficacy and safety of acupuncture and Western medicine for poststroke thalamic pain
Authors: Yang Jiju , Li Xinyi , Li Chong , He Ke , Wu Yang , Lin Haiming , Xie Xianfei , Zhang Fan , Hao Huifeng , Tian Guihua 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPoststroke thalamic pain (PSTP) is one of the most common sequelae following stroke. Analgesics, antidepressants, anticonvulsants, and surgical treatment are conventional treatment methods of PSTP, but these methods have limited efficacy, cost more, and cause a likelihood of adverse reactions. Clinical studies have shown that acupuncture has a significant analgesic effect on PSTP without obvious side effects. But, there is a lack of high‐quality evidence concerning its effectiveness and safety to support its use. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of acupuncture versus Western medicine for the treatment of PSTP to provide evidence to support clinical PSTP treatment. Searches were conducted to identify randomized controlled trials investigating the use of acupuncture for PSTP across six databases, including PubMed, the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wan Fang Database, and the Chinese Scientific Journal Database VIP. RevMan 5.3 software was used for the meta‐analysis. The results showed that compared with Western medicine, acupuncture had a higher total effective rate for the treatment of PSTP, reduced visual analog scale scores, increased beta‐endorphin content, and decreased incidence of adverse reactions. However, the sample sizes of the included studies were insufficient, and the quality of the articles was relatively poor. In future studies, the clinical study design should be standardized and the sample size should be expanded to validate these results.