bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ADHD misdiagnosis: Causes and mitigators
Authors: Furzer Jill , Dhuey Elizabeth , Laporte Audrey 
Published: June 2022

AbstractADHD diagnoses increase discontinuously by a child's school starting age, with young‐for‐grade students having much higher ADHD diagnostic rates. Whether these higher rates reflect over‐diagnosis or under‐diagnosis remains unknown. To decompose this diagnostic discrepancy, we exploit differences in parent and teacher pre‐diagnostic assessments within a regression discontinuity strategy based on school starting age. We show that being young‐for‐grade or male generates over‐assessment of symptoms specifically from teacher assessment. However, under‐assessments of the oldest students in a grade, especially the oldest females, account for a large part of the observed school starting age assessment gap. We argue that this difference by sex and higher school starting age effects in lower‐income schools may exacerbate known gaps in educational attainment by gender and socioeconomic status. Importantly, we fail to find evidence that teachers who receive special education training make such errors.
Alternative routes to intravenous tranexamic acid for postpartum hemorrhage: A systematic search and narrative review
Authors: Shakur‐Still Haleema , Grassin‐Delyle Stanislas , Muhunthan Kopalasuntharam , Ahmadzia Homa K. , Faraoni David , Arribas Monica , Roberts Ian 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo review available data on tranexamic acid (TXA) plasma concentration needed to inhibit fibrinolysis and the time to achieve this concentration when giving TXA by different routes in humans. To identify ongoing trials assessing alternatives to intravenous TXA administration.MethodsWe updated two previous systematic reviews by searching MEDLINE, EMBASE, OviSP, and ISI Web of Science from database inception to July 2021. We also searched the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform for ongoing trials to July 2021. Titles and abstracts were screened for relevant trials. Two reviewers independently reviewed and agreed the trials to be included.ResultsPlasma TXA concentrations over 10 mg/L provide near maximal inhibition of fibrinolysis, with concentrations over 5 mg/L providing partial inhibition. Oral TXA tablets take about 1 h to reach a plasma concentration of 5 mg/L in postpartum women. Studies in healthy volunteers and shocked trauma patients show that intramuscular TXA achieves a plasma level of over 10 mg/L within 15 min. One trial is ongoing to determine the pharmacokinetics of intramuscular and oral solution TXA in pregnant women.ConclusionIntramuscular TXA in healthy volunteers and shocked trauma patients reaches therapeutic concentration rapidly. Oral TXA tablets take too long to reach the minimum therapeutic concentration in postpartum women.
A synthesis of clinical and health system bottlenecks to implementing new WHO postpartum hemorrhage recommendations: Secondary data analysis of the Kenya Confidential Enquiry into Maternal Deaths 2014–2017
Authors: Ameh Charles A. , Meka Ramya Jyothi , West Florence , Dickinson Fiona , Allott Helen , Godia Pamela 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo describe maternal deaths from postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) in Kenya by secondary analysis of the Kenya Confidential Enquiry into Maternal Deaths (CEMD) database and clinical audit of a sample of those deaths, and to identify the perceived challenges to implementing country‐specific PPH guidelines.MethodsA retrospective descriptive study using the Kenyan CEMD database and anonymized maternal death records from 2014–2017. Eight standards from the Kenya National Guidelines for Quality Obstetric and Perinatal Care were selected to perform clinical audit. The process of supporting eight Sub‐Saharan African countries to develop country‐specific PPH guidelines was described and perceived challenges implementing these were identified.ResultsIn total, 725 women died from PPH. Most women attended at least one antenatal care visit (67.2%) and most did not receive iron and folate supplementation (35.7%). Only 39.0% of women received prophylactic uterotonics in the third stage of labor. Factors significantly associated with receiving prophylactic uterotonics were place of delivery (χ2 = 43.666, df = 4; P < 0.001), being reviewed by a medical doctor (χ2 = 16.905, df = 1; P < 0.001), and being reviewed by a specialist (χ2 = 49.244, df = 1; P < 0.001). Only three of eight standards had a greater percentage of met cases in comparison to unmet cases. Key concerns about implementation of the new WHO PPH guidance included use of misoprostol by unskilled health personnel, availability of misoprostol and tranexamic acid (TXA) at primary healthcare level, lack of availability of heat‐stable carbetocin (HSC) due to cost, lack of awareness and education about HSC and TXA, and lack of systems to ensure quality oxytocin is available at point of care.ConclusionThere is a need for improved quality of care for women to minimize the risk of mortality from PPH, by implementing updated clinical guidelines combined with focused health system interventions.
Label‐free detection of cardiac troponin‐I with packaged thin‐walled microbubble resonators
Authors: Guo Zhihe , Zhao Xuyang , Zhou Yi , Li Yuxiang , Liu Zhiran , Luo Man , Wu Xiang , Wang You , Zhang Meng , Yang Xi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe measurement of cardiac troponin‐I (cTnI) is widely used for diagnosing acute myocardial infarction (AMI) diseases because of its myocardial specificity. Packaged microbubble resonators with thin wall are utilized for label‐free and specific detection of cTnI based on whispering gallery mode (WGM). This packaged structure can provide a good protection for the biosensor, improve the anti‐interference ability of the sensor and reduce the system noise. The theoretical detection limit of the biosensors for cTnI in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) is 0.4 ag mL−1 (0.02 aM). Furthermore, we demonstrated that the biosensors can be used to detect cTnI molecules in simulated serum and the theoretical detection limit is also 0.4 ag mL−1 (0.02 aM). These results are much far below the clinical cut‐off value and show a huge application potential for the detection of cardiac biomarkers of AMI.
Modeling the spectral properties of poly(x‐phenylenediamine) conducting polymers using a combined TD‐DFT and electrostatic embedding approach
Authors: Luise Davide , D'Alterio Massimo Christian , Talarico Giovanni , Ciofini Ilaria , Labat Frédéric 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe absorption spectra of polymers derived from ortho, meta and para phenylenediamines (o‐PDA, m‐PDA and p‐PDA) have been simulated combining periodic density functional theory (DFT) calculations with time‐dependent DFT simulations. These latter have been carried out on finite clusters embedded in a set of point charges devised to exactly reproduce the electrostatic potential of the periodic chains. The results are compared with those obtained for solvated o‐PDA, m‐PDA and p‐PDA oligomers of increasing sizes extracted from the periodic structures. The electronic transitions involved have been investigated by a qualitative analysis based on isodensity maps completed by a quantitative analysis based on the density‐based index (DCT). For poly‐(o)‐ and poly‐(p)‐ phenylenediamines the agreement with the experimental data is achieved already by modeling solvated dimers whereas the inclusion of long‐range electrostatic effects is mandatory for poly‐(m)‐phenylenediamine highlighting the importance of an accurate treatment of the electrostatic environment when a finite cluster approach is considered.
Paper industry slag for the production of building ceramics
Authors: Zalyhina Volha , Cheprasova Victoria , Romanovski Valentin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundRe‐use of wastes as a part of sustainable development is one of the most important aspects of a healthy human life and environmental protection. This study examines the viability of using paper industry slag for the production of building ceramics.ResultsPaper industry slag was used in the production of ceramic bricks as a burnable additive in amounts of 5, 10 and 15 wt%. The slag was introduced without and after three different preparatory operations: dried, dried and ground, granulated and dried. Clay was used as a raw material and quartz sand as a lean additive. The samples were made by plastic molding. Drying was carried out at a temperature of 100 °C. To determine the optimal heat treatment temperature, firing was carried out at 900, 950, 1000 and 1050 °C with holding at the maximum temperature for 30 min, followed by determination of the properties of the samples.ConclusionsIt has been established that the samples obtained using the slag have good physical and mechanical properties and comply with current standards. At the same time, the use of slag in the production of ceramic bricks makes it possible to solve the problem of waste management, as well as to obtain a secondary material resource from the slag – a burnable additive, which leads to savings in raw materials and energy resources in the production of ceramic bricks. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Characterization of variant reclassification and patient re‐contact in a cancer genetics clinic
Authors: Muir Sarah M. , Reagle Rachel 
Published: June 2022

AbstractExpanded genetic testing guidelines for hereditary cancers, increased utilization of large multigene panels, and improved methods for reclassifying variants have led to a greater need to understand how variant reclassification and patient re‐contact are managed. This study aimed to describe the process of variant reclassification and subsequent patient re‐contact at a comprehensive cancer genetic counseling service in a large metropolitan medical center with several statewide satellite locations. A retrospective chart review was performed to identify reclassified variants between 1/1/1997 and 12/1/2020. In total, 8.4% (211/2503) of variants were reclassified over the 24‐year period, which includes multiple cases involving the same unique variant. Several variants underwent more than one reclassification, resulting in 232 total reclassifications among 194 individuals. Nearly all reclassifications were prompted by the laboratory (99.1%; 230/232) rather than the genetics clinic staff. Overall, 10.3% (24/232) of all reclassifications were upgrades, but only 9.1% (21/232) led to a change in management recommendations. The median time for variant reclassification was 1.7 years (interquartile range [IQR] = 0.8–3.2 years). There was no statistically significant difference in the time to reclassification for White patients (median = 1.6 years; IQR = 0.8–2.8 years) compared to non‐White patients (median = 2.0 years; IQR = 0.9–3.7 years; Mann–Whitney U = 4,764.0, p = 0.066). Patient re‐contact was attempted for 97.4% (226/232) of variants and was always performed by a genetic counselor, most often through a mailed letter (85.8%, 194/226). Specifically for reclassifications that led to a change in management recommendations, re‐contact was always attempted, most often through combined telephone and mailed letter (95.2%; 20/21). Overall, the median time from reclassification to attempted patient re‐contact was 13 days (range: 0–589 days). The characterization of this clinic's reclassification and re‐contact procedures can serve as an example for other genetics clinics trying to incorporate re‐contact into their workflow.
Moving from problems to solutions: A review of gender equality interventions at work using an ecological systems approach
Authors: Lau Vienne W. , Scott Veronica L. , Warren Meg A. , Bligh Michelle C. 
Published: June 2022

SummaryDespite the mounting research on gender inequality in the workplace, progress toward gender parity in organizational practice has stalled. We suggest that one reason for the lack of progress is that empirical research has predominately focused on the antecedents and manifestations of gender inequality in the workplace, paying inadequate attention to the solutions that could potentially improve gender equality and women's experiences at work. Indeed, we report here that less than 5% of the relevant studies published in preeminent management, psychology, and diversity journals since the turn of the century identify practical interventions for solving gender inequality in organizations. To advance gender equality at work, we argue that a paradigm shift from problems to solutions is critical and urgent. Using ecological systems theory as our guiding framework, we present an integrative review of gender equality interventions spanning across the management, psychology, and feminist literature over the past two decades at the ontogenic system, interpersonal microsystem, and organizational microsystem levels of analysis. We subsequently provide an overview of domains not currently addressed in extant research (mesosystems, macrosystems, and chronosystems) and identify future research directions to spur progress toward workplace gender equality.
PPNet: A more effective method of precipitation prediction
Authors: Xun Lina , Yao Qiuyan , Ji Fuxin , Li Teng , Zhang Jun , Miao Kaichao , Yan Qing 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPrecipitation nowcasting plays an important role in the early warning of disasters and many other aspects of people's lives. In this study, we address the problem of radar reflectivity image extrapolation, which has great significance for precipitation near‐range forecasting. In recent years, the related achievements of nowcasting indicate that deep learning‐based methods have been far ahead of traditional ones. However, most deep learning methods focus on spatial appearance but cannot characterize the motion information well. To solve this complex problem, in addition to completing pixel‐level predictions by McNet, we introduce FlowNet and optical flow loss into generative adversarial networks (GAN) to express motion information more effectively. The reflectance image changes significantly due to complex meteorological conditions. Only by adding motion features can the law of change be determined. Thus, we can retain more details in the image. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time FlowNet has been combined with GAN to fulfil the task of precipitation prediction. Extensive experiments on the dataset provided by the Shenzhen Meteorological Bureau demonstrate that our network performs favourably against other state‐of‐the‐art methods, which presents great guiding significance for precipitation nowcasting and possesses broad application prospects.
Improving in situ acoustic intensity estimates using MR acoustic radiation force imaging in combination with multifrequency MR elastography
Authors: Li Ningrui , Gaur Pooja , Quah Kristin , Butts Pauly Kim 
Published: June 2022

PurposeMagnetic resonance acoustic radiation force imaging (MR‐ARFI) enables focal spot localization during nonablative transcranial ultrasound therapies. As the acoustic radiation force is proportional to the applied acoustic intensity, measured MR‐ARFI displacements could potentially be used to estimate the acoustic intensity at the target. However, variable brain stiffness is an obstacle. The goal of this study was to develop and assess a method to accurately estimate the acoustic intensity at the focus using MR‐ARFI displacements in combination with viscoelastic properties obtained with multifrequency MR elastography (MRE).MethodsPhantoms with a range of viscoelastic properties were fabricated, and MR‐ARFI displacements were acquired within each phantom using multiple acoustic intensities. Voigt model parameters were estimated for each phantom based on storage and loss moduli measured using multifrequency MRE, and these were used to predict the relationship between acoustic intensity and measured displacement.ResultsUsing assumed viscoelastic properties, MR‐ARFI displacements alone could not accurately estimate acoustic intensity across phantoms. For example, acoustic intensities were underestimated in phantoms stiffer than the assumed stiffness and overestimated in phantoms softer than the assumed stiffness. This error was greatly reduced using individualized viscoelasticity measurements obtained from MRE.ConclusionWe demonstrated that viscoelasticity information from MRE could be used in combination with MR‐ARFI displacements to obtain more accurate estimates of acoustic intensity. Additionally, Voigt model viscosity parameters were found to be predictive of the relaxation rate of each phantom's time‐varying displacement response, which could be used to optimize patient‐specific MR‐ARFI pulse sequences.
Fabrication and characterization study of ultrathin multi‐walled carbon nanotubes/polydimethylsiloxane composite membranes for strain sensing application
Authors: Li Yuyao , Liu Xinyue , Liu Jie , Xiang Shan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractConductive polymer composite membranes such as multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membranes are important for flexible strain sensors. However, ultra‐thin MWCNTs/PDMS films (<20 μm) have rarely been studied, mainly due to inherent difficulties in fabricating processes such as the peeling and transferring. In this work, the filtration‐from‐suspension (FFS) method was used to fabricate ultra‐thin layer of MWCNTs (buckypapers, BPs). Subsequently, spin‐coating PDMS on the BPs was carried out, and the penetration of PDMS into BPs was promoted under vacuum conditions to obtain the MWCNTs/PDMS composite films. The elastic nature of PDMS assisted in peeling the composite films off the filter papers. Compared with the other methods, the fabrication method of MWCNTs/PDMS membranes in this paper is more time‐efficient and reliable. A comprehensive study on the fabricated MWCNTs/PDMS membranes with different compositions was carried to understand the mechanical and electrical performance under static and cyclic loading conditions. The obtained stress–strain and resistance‐strain curves show that the modulus of the MWCNTs/PDMS membrane can be significantly increased over 8–10 times compared with pure PDMS membranes. The near exponential relationship between the resistance change versus the strain implies the MWCNTs/PDMS membranes are suitable for strain sensors. Moreover, we find there is a stability transition point in thickness at which the MWCNTs/PDMS composite membrane exhibits the best overall integrated performance. At this point, the changes before and after cyclic loading/unloading on composite membranes is almost negligible, implying the good reliability of the sensing membranes. This study has demonstrated the feasibility of fabricating ultrathin MWCNTs/PDMS membranes for wearable sensors.
Quantum chemical investigation of the 1‐methyl‐ and 1‐neopentyl‐2‐methoxydiazene‐1‐oxides thermal decomposition mechanisms
Authors: Krisyuk Boris E. , Sypko Timofey M. , Zyuzin Igor N. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe thermolysis mechanism of two members of the 2‐alkoxydiazene‐1‐oxide class of compounds – 1‐methyl‐2‐methoxydiazene‐1‐oxide (1) and 2‐methoxy‐1‐neopentyldiazene‐1‐oxide (2) was studied by quantum chemical methods. Calculations were performed using coupled clusters method at the CCSD and CCSD(T) level using the aug‐cc‐pVDZ and aug‐cc‐pVTZ basis sets. It was shown that the mechanism of thermal decomposition of compounds 1 and 2 is similar and occurs via two competing channels – via homolytic N‐OCH3 bond cleavage and via intramolecular nucleophilic substitution at the methoxyl carbon atom. The calculated values of the activation enthalpies for both compounds are close (ΔНа‡ is in the range of 200–210 kJ/mol) and practically coincide with the experimental activation energies obtained earlier. The main thermolysis products predicted theoretically correspond to the thermal decomposition products of compounds 1 and 2 that have been observed experimentally.
Assessing Magnoliaceae through time: Major global efforts to track extinction risk status and ex situ conservation
Authors: Linsky Jean , Coffey Emily E. D. , Beech Emily , Rivers Malin , Cicuzza Daniele , Oldfield Sara , Crowley Dan 
Published: June 2022

Societal Impact StatementComprehensive Red List assessments act as valuable resources for informing protected area designations, national protected species legislation and action strategies, and international biodiversity agreements, yet they are lacking for many plant families. Magnoliaceae is one of the most comprehensively assessed families, as coordinated efforts have taken place since 2007 to assess all species in the family. Due to the many efforts to assess these species, comparisons of the assessments and ex situ data over time and an investigation of the most recent (2021) information are essential to guiding the development of national, regional, and global conservation strategies for Magnoliaceae species in a time of increased global collaboration between conservation organizations.
Estimators for handling COVID‐19‐related intercurrent events with a hypothetical strategy
Authors: Lasch Florian , Guizzaro Lorenzo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has affected clinical trials across disease areas, raising the questions how interpretable results can be obtained from impacted studies. Applying the estimands framework, analyses may seek to estimate the treatment effect in the hypothetical absence of such impact. However, no established estimators exist. This simulation study, based on an ongoing clinical trial in patients with Tourette syndrome, compares the performance of candidate estimators for estimands including either a continuous or binary variable and applying a hypothetical strategy for COVID‐19‐related intercurrent events (IE). The performance is investigated in a wide range of scenarios, under the null and the alternative hypotheses, including different modeling assumptions for the effect of the IE and proportions of affected patients ranging from 10% to 80%. Bias and type I error inflation were minimal or absent for most estimators under most scenarios, with only multiple imputation‐ and weighting‐based methods displaying a type I error inflation in some scenarios. Of more concern, all methods that discarded post‐IE data displayed a sharp decrease of power proportional to the proportion of affected patients, corresponding to both a reduced precision of estimation and larger confidence intervals. The simulation study shows that de‐mediation via g‐estimation is a promising approach. Besides showing the best performance in our simulation study, these approaches allow to estimate the effect of the IE on the outcome and cross‐compare between different studies affected by similar IEs. Importantly, the results can be extrapolated to IEs not related to COVID‐19 that follow a similar causal structure.