bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi-passband Observations of a Solar Flare over the He i 10830 Å line
Authors: Xu Yan , Yang Xu , Kerr Graham S. , Polito Vanessa , Sadykov Viacheslav M. , Jing Ju , Cao Wenda , Wang Haimin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This study presents a C3.0 flare observed by the Big Bear Solar Observatory/Goode Solar Telescope (GST) and Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) on 2018 May 28 around 17:10 UT. The Near-Infrared Imaging Spectropolarimeter of GST was set to spectral imaging mode to scan five spectral positions at ±0.8, ±0.4 Å and line center of He i 10830 Å. At the flare ribbon’s leading edge, the line is observed to undergo enhanced absorption, while the rest of the ribbon is observed to be in emission. When in emission, the contrast compared to the preflare ranges from about 30% to nearly 100% at different spectral positions. Two types of spectra, “convex” shape with higher intensity at line core and “concave” shape with higher emission in the line wings, are found at the trailing and peak flaring areas, respectively. On the ribbon front, negative contrasts, or enhanced absorption, of about ∼10%–20% appear in all five wavelengths. This observation strongly suggests that the negative flares observed in He i 10830 Å with mono-filtergram previously were not caused by pure Doppler shifts of this spectral line. Instead, the enhanced absorption appears to be a consequence of flare-energy injection, namely nonthermal collisional ionization of helium caused by the precipitation of high-energy electrons, as found in our recent numerical modeling results. In addition, though not strictly simultaneous, observations of Mg ii from the IRIS spacecraft, show an obvious central reversal pattern at the locations where enhanced absorption of He i 10830 Å is seen, which is consistent with previous observations.
A Significant Detection of X-ray Polarization in Sco X-1 with PolarLight and Constraints on the Corona Geometry
Authors: Long Xiangyun , Feng Hua , Li Hong , Zhu Jiahuan , Wu Qiong , Huang Jiahui , Minuti Massimo , Jiang Weichun , Yang Dongxin , Citraro Saverio , Nasimi Hikmat , Yu Jiandong , Jin Ge , Zeng Ming , An Peng , Jiang Jiachen , Costa Enrico , Baldini Luca , Bellazzini Ronaldo , Brez Alessandro , Latronico Luca , Sgrò Carmelo , Spandre Gloria , Pinchera Michele , Muleri Fabio , Soffitta Paolo 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We report the detection of X-ray polarization in the neutron-star low-mass X-ray binary Scorpius (Sco) X-1 with PolarLight. The result is energy-dependent, with a nondetection in 3–4 keV but a 4σ detection in 4–8 keV; it is also flux-dependent in the 4–8 keV band, with a nondetection when the source displays low fluxes but a 5σ detection during high fluxes, in which case we obtain a polarization fraction of 0.043 ± 0.008 and a polarization angle of 52.°6 ± 5.°4. This confirms a previous marginal detection with OSO-8 in the 1970s and marks Sco X-1 as the second astrophysical source with a significant polarization measurement in the keV band. The measured polarization angle is in line with the jet orientation of the source on the sky plane (54°), which is supposedly the symmetry axis of the system. Combining previous spectral analysis, our measurements suggest that an optically thin corona is located in the transition layer under the highest accretion rates, and disfavor the extended accretion disk corona model.
Fundamental Electromagnetic Emissions by a Weak Electron Beam in Solar Wind Plasmas with Density Fluctuations
Authors: Krafft C. , Savoini P. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The generation of Langmuir wave turbulence by a weak electron beam in a randomly inhomogeneous plasma and its subsequent electromagnetic radiation are studied owing to two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations in conditions relevant to type III solar radio bursts. The essential impact of random density fluctuations of average levels of a few percents of the background plasma on the characteristics of the electromagnetic radiation at the fundamental plasma frequency ω

p
is shown. Not only wave nonlinear interactions but also processes of Langmuir waves’ transformations on the density fluctuations contribute to the generation of such emissions. During the beam relaxation, the amount of electromagnetic energy radiated at ω

p
in a plasma with density fluctuations strongly exceeds that observed when the plasma is homogeneous. The fraction of Langmuir wave energy involved in the generation of electromagnetic emissions at ω

p
saturates around 10−4, i.e., one order of magnitude above that reached when the plasma is uniform. Moreover, whereas harmonic emission at 2ω

p
dominates over fundamental emission during the time evolution in a homogeneous plasma, fundamental emission is strongly dominant when the plasma contains density fluctuations, at least during several thousands of plasma periods before being overcome by harmonic emission when the total electromagnetic energy begins to saturate.
The CHIME Fast Radio Burst Population Does Not Track the Star Formation History of the Universe
Authors: Zhang Rachel C. , Zhang Bing 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The redshift distribution of fast radio bursts (FRBs) is not well constrained. The association of the Galactic FRB 200428 with the young magnetar SGR 1935+2154 raises the working hypothesis that FRB sources track the star formation history of the universe. The discovery of FRB 20200120E in association with a globular cluster in the nearby galaxy M81, however, casts doubts on such an assumption. We apply the Monte Carlo method developed in a previous work to test different FRB redshift distribution models against the recently released first CHIME FRB catalog in terms of their distributions in specific fluence, external dispersion measure (DME), and inferred isotropic energy. Our results clearly rule out the hypothesis that all FRBs track the star formation history of the universe. The hypothesis that all FRBs track the accumulated stars throughout history describes the data better but still cannot meet both the DME and the energy criteria. The data seem to be better modeled with either a redshift distribution model invoking a significant delay with respect to star formation or a hybrid model invoking both a dominant delayed population and a subdominant star formation population. We discuss the implications of this finding for FRB source models.
Abundances of Elements Lighter than Scandium in the Atmosphere of the Standard Giant Star α Sex (HD 87887, A0 III)
Authors: Monier Richard 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The abundances of elements lighter than scandium in the atmosphere of the A0 III giant, α Sex, are derived using archival ultraviolet and optical spectra. Most of the strongest lines present in the far-ultraviolet spectrum of α Sex can be attributed to chemical elements lighter than calcium. The synthesis of selected lines in the optical and ultraviolet yields new abundances, in particular for elements which have few lines in the optical range. Helium, oxygen, silicon and sulfur are found to have solar abundances, most other elements are underabundant. Aluminium may be marginally overabundant. The lines of chlorine are probably present in the FUV but they are too blended to derive the abundance of chlorine.
A Survey of Meteorite-specific Minerals
Authors: Kiker Thaddaeus J. , Hooper Nina , Elvis Martin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Dozens of exotic materials are found only in meteorites. These “meteorite minerals” are formed in the solar system's cold, long-lived, proto-planetary disk, in the slowly cooling cores of planetesimals, and in high-speed collisions. To the best of our knowledge no recent published work has aggregated information about minerals only found in meteorites in a comprehensive and machine readable manner. Thus, we have compiled a preliminary catalog of 81 known meteorite minerals from the literature to serve as a stepping stone for a future, more extensive effort. We also explore the distribution of these meteorite minerals by meteorite type.
Expected FU Ori Outburst Amplitudes from the Optical to the Mid-infrared
Authors: Hillenbrand Lynne A. , Rodriguez Antonio C. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Disks around young stellar objects (YSOs) consist of material that thermally emits the energy provided by a combination of passive heating from the central star, and active, viscous heating due to mass accretion. FU Ori stars are YSOs with substantially enhanced accretion rates in their inner disk regions. As a disk transitions from standard low-state, to FU Ori-like high-state accretion, the outburst manifests through photometric brightening over a broad range of wavelengths. We present results for the expected amplitudes of the brightening between ∼4000 Å and 8 μm—the wavelength range where FU Ori type outburst events are most commonly detected. Our model consists of an optically thick passive + active steady-state accretion disk with low and high accretion states.
The Abundances of Cobalt and Nickel in the Atmosphere of 78 Vir (A2p SrCrEu)
Authors: Monier Richard 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Cobalt and nickel abundances are rarely available for normal and Chemically Peculiar A stars because the strongest transitions of Co ii and Ni ii fall in the mid-UV. The abundances of cobalt and nickel are derived for 78 Vir using a mean mid-ultraviolet spectrum constructed by coadding 10 spectra collected with the Long Wave Prime and Long wavelength Redundant cameras over the 18 yr of the IUE mission. The strong transitions of Co ii at 2286.16 Å, 2307.86 Å, 2324.32 Å and 2580.33 Å and that of Ni ii et 2287.09 Å are present and more or less affected by blends. The least blended, λ 2286.16 Å, yields a mean overabundance of cobalt of 5 times the solar abundance, the Ni ii line at 2287.09 Å yields a 3 times solar overabundance. There is no convincing evidence that these lines varied in the spectra analyzed. The rotational period of 78 Vir estimated from its recent TESS lightcurve is 3.723 ± 0.055 days.
Numerical Simulation of Compact Objects in Binary Systems Post-Supernova
Authors: Luitel Sudarshan , Rangelov Blagoy 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We explore the post-supernova (SN) outcomes of binary systems using a rapid stellar evolution code to simulate the equivalent of a population of ∼ 106
M
⊙. Here we explore the fraction of binaries that remain intact after the SN, which can potentially be found within supernova remnants. Given the challenges that the observational studies are facing, we use numerical simulations to shed more light on the issue.
Extreme-ultraviolet- and X-Ray-driven Photochemistry of Gaseous Exoplanets
Authors: Locci Daniele , Petralia Antonino , Micela Giuseppina , Maggio Antonio , Ciaravella Angela , Cecchi-Pestellini Cesare 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The interaction of exoplanets with their host stars causes a vast diversity in bulk and atmospheric compositions and physical and chemical conditions. Stellar radiation, especially at the shorter wavelengths, drives the chemistry in the upper atmospheric layers of close orbiting gaseous giants, providing drastic departures from equilibrium. In this study, we aim at unfolding the effects caused by photons in different spectral bands on the atmospheric chemistry. This task is particularly difficult because the characteristics of chemical evolution emerge from many feedbacks on a wide range of timescales, and because of the existing correlations among different portions of the stellar spectrum. In describing the chemistry, we have placed particular emphasis on the molecular synthesis induced by X-rays. The weak X-ray photoabsorption cross sections of the atmospheric constituents boost the gas ionization to pressures inaccessible to vacuum and extreme-ultraviolet photons. Although X-rays interact preferentially with metals, they produce a secondary electron cascade able to ionize efficiently hydrogen- and helium-bearing species, giving rise to a distinctive chemistry.
Les passeurs de l’entrepreneuriat à l’université
Authors: Chambard Olivia , Stevens Hélène 
Published: January 2022

Dans les années 2010, des structures chargées d’organiser la sensibilisation et la formation des étudiants à l’« esprit d’entre prendre » ont vu le jour dans les établissements d’enseignement supérieur : les PEPITE (Pôles étudiants pour l’innovation, le transfert et l’entrepreneuriat). C’est à travers une sociologie des travailleurs et travailleuses qui occupent les postes de ces structures que cet article éclaire certaines des transformations à l’œuvre à l’université. En fonction de leurs trajectoires, ces agents contribuent en effet à y importer des catégories de pensée directement issues du champ économique ou constituées en référence aux principes d’activation sociale qui gouvernent désormais le champ de l’insertion sociale. Les dispositions de ces passeurs se réfractent dans des pratiques professionnelles au caractère encore faiblement établi, entre usage économiciste et usage socio-éducatif de leur mission. Mais au-delà de ces variations, se dessine une matrice commune consistant à « ouvrir » l’université sur le monde de l’entreprise et à diffuser la figure de l’individu « entrepreneur de soi ».
El miʿrāǧ de Muḥammad según Baldassarre Loyola Mandes S.J. (1631-1667).Fuentes, controversia y cristianización de una tradición islámica
Authors: Stella Federico 
Published: January 2022

El artículo versa sobre una versión latina desconocida del miʿrāǧ que el autor ha descubierto en el Archivo de la Pontificia Universidad Gregoriana dentro de un opúsculo escrito por Baldassarre Loyola Mandes S.J. (1631-1667), un príncipe musulmán marroquí convertido al cristianismo que luego entró en la Compañía de Jesús. El objetivo del artículo será demostrar cómo este miʿrāǧ latino se basó en una fuente árabe relacionada con la literatura de ḥadīṯ. Como método para alcanzar nuestro objetivo, haremos un estudio comparativo de las fuentes de las que Baldassare pudo tener conocimiento. Además, mostraremos el modo en que Baldassarre intentó no solo polemizar con la tradición islámica, sino también las estrategias que utilizó para cristianizarla.
Regulation of Cutaneous Immunity In Vivo by Calcitonin Gene–Related Peptide Signaling through Endothelial Cells
Authors: Ding Wanhong , Stohl Lori L , Saab Jad , Azizi Shayan , Zhou Xi K , Mehta Devina , Granstein Richard D 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Calcitonin gene–related peptide (CGRP) can bias the outcome of Ag presentation to responsive T cells in vitro away from Th1-type immunity and toward the Th2 and Th17 poles through actions on endothelial cells (ECs). To test the in vivo significance of this observation, we engineered a mouse lacking functional CGRP receptors on ECs (EC receptor activity modifying protein 1 [RAMP1] knockout mice). On percutaneous immunization to 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, stimulated CD4+ T cells from draining lymph nodes showed significantly reduced IL-17A expression with significantly increased IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-22 expression at the protein and mRNA levels compared with control mice. Retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor γ t mRNA was significantly reduced, while mRNAs for T-box expressed in T cells and GATA binding protein 3 were significantly increased. In addition, EC RAMP1 knockout mice had significantly reduced contact hypersensitivity responses, and systemic administration of a CGRP receptor antagonist similarly inhibited contact hypersensitivity in wild-type mice. These observations provide compelling evidence that CGRP is a key regulator of cutaneous immunity through effects on ECs and suggest a novel pathway for potential therapeutic manipulation.
Sevoflurane induces lung cancer cell apoptosis via inhibition of the expression of miRNA155 gene
Authors: Wang Huaizhao , Wang Bin , Jing Jingyan , Li Na 
Published: January 2022

Purpose: To determine the apoptotic effect of sevoflurane on lung cancer cells, and the underlying mechanism of action.Methods: Lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells were cultured for 24 h and divided into control group, 1% sevoflurane group and 3% sevoflurane group. The two levels of sevoflurane were provided through a gas monitor connected to each of the sevoflurane groups. The control group was not treated. Flow cytometry was used to analyze A549 cell apoptosis, while qRT-PCR was used for assay of the levels of miRNA155 in A549 cells. The protein expression of Bcl-2 was determined with immunoblotting. The percentage of apoptosis and levels of miRNA155 and Bcl-2 in the two cell lines were compared.Results: Significant differences in miRNA146a level were seen between the 3 % sevoflurane and control groups at 3 h. There was higher apoptosis in the 3 % sevoflurane group, relative to control, but miRNA155 levels in the 3 % sevoflurane group were generally less than that of the control (p < 0.05). There was lower Bcl-2 content in the 3 % sevoflurane group than in control group (p < 0.05).Conclusion: Sevoflurane exerts strong apoptotic and anti-proliferative effects on lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells via a mechanism which may be related to the downregulation of miRNA155, thereby inhibiting the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. This provides a new direction for research on anti-lung adenocarcinoma drugs.
Keywords: Sevoflurane, Lung cancer cells, Apoptosis, Inhibition, miRNA155, Expression, Induction
Sericea lespedeza (Lespedeza cuneata) whole plant extract enhances rat muscle mass and sperm production by increasing the activity of NO-cGMP pathway and serum testosterone
Authors: Mo SangJoon , Kim Eun Young , Choi Sun-Hyang , Lee Sanghyun , Lee Seong , Ahn Jin Chul 
Published: January 2022

Purpose: To analyze the effects of an aqueous extract of Sericea lespedeza (SL) on rat male menopause.Methods: Levels of nitric oxide (NO), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS), cGMP, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in the penile corpus cavernosum of the rats were evaluated using appropriate kits. Serum levels of dihydrotestosterone (DHT), testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), and 17-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (17β-HSD) were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Total and motile sperms were counted on a hemocytometer. Histological changes in rat testis and epididymis were analyzed with hematoxylin and eosin staining.Results: The levels of NO, NOS, and cGMP (but not PGE2) increased in a dose-dependent manner (p< 0.05) upon administration of an aqueous extract of SL (AESL), while levels of DHT, 17β-HSD, and testosterone increased in the group administered with 300 mg/kg of AESL. Epididymal sperm count increased by 24 % in such rats compared to controls (p < 0.05).Conclusion: The aqueous extract of SL improves sperm count and muscle mass in rats by increasing the levels of NO, NOS, cGMP and testosterone. Thus, SL extract can potentially be developed as an alternative therapeutic agent for clinical management of TDS.
Keywords: NO-cGMP, Testosterone, Hormones, Sperm count, Muscle mass, Sericea lespedeza, Lespedeza cuneata
Analysis of triterpenoids, carotenoids, and phenylpropanoids in the flowers, leaves, roots, and stems of white bitter melon (Cucurbitaceae, Momordica charantia)
Authors: Cuong Do Manh , Sathasivam Ramaraj , Park Chang Ha , Yeo Hyeon Ji , Park Ye Eun , Kim Jae Kwang , Park Sang Un 
Published: January 2022

Purpose: To evaluate the contents of carotenoids, triterpenoids, and phenylpropanoids in different parts of white bitter melon.Methods: We evaluated the accumulation of 2 triterpenoids, 10 carotenoids, and 11 phenylpropanoids in different parts of white bitter melon, including fruits at four different developmental stages using HPLC.Results: Charantin, lutein, and rutin were the main triterpenoids, carotenoids, and phenylpropanoids, respectively. The accumulation of triterpenoids (momordicine and charantin), carotenoids (antheraxanthin, lutein, violaxanthin, α-carotene, and β-carotene), and phenylpropanoids (caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, epicatechin, gallic acid, p-coumaric acid, rutin, and trans-cinnamic acid) was high inthe leaves and/or flowers, which are exposed to direct sunlight, but low in the roots.Conclusion: Most of the analyzed components were accumulated at high levels in the leaves and/or flowers. These results will help exploit the compounds in various parts of white bitter melon that are beneficial for human health.
Keywords: Momordica charantia, Bitter melon, Triterpenoid, Carotenoid, Phenylpropanoid
Assessment of awareness and satisfaction of online renewal of practising license among pharmacists in Nigeria
Authors: Okafor Ukamaka G. , Jatau Abubakar Ibrahim , Alabi Olukemi , Mohammed Elijah N.A. 
Published: January 2022

Purpose: To assess the awareness and satisfaction of online renewal of practice licence among pharmacists in Nigeria.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study among pharmacists in Nigeria. Participants were recruited through; online (via social media platforms) or in person at Pharmacists Council of Nigeria (PCN) office during application for renewal of license.Results: A total of 878 participants completed the survey. Of this, 97.4 and 79.9 % were aware and satisfied with the online process, respectively. The respondents rated the process as excellent (19.1 %), fair (22.2 %), good (55.0 %) and poor (3.6 %). Most of the reported challenges included linking payment of association dues with license renewal, poor customer service and password retrieval.Conclusions: The level of awareness and satisfaction of the online renewal of annual licence among pharmacists in Nigeria is high. Measures are still needed to improve the online application process.
Keywords: Pharmacists Council, Online, Licence, Pharmacist, Practice
Leonurusine hydrochloride promotes osteogenic differentiation via Wnt/β-catenin pathway and expression of Runx2
Authors: Chen Xiaobo , Lai Xiaoyu , Sun Xiaoyon , Wang Maoyuan , Cai Yu 
Published: January 2022

Purpose: To investigate the effect of leonurusine hydrochloride (LH) on osteogenic differentiation, and the involvement of Wnt/β-catenin route and runt-associated transcription factor 2 (Runx2) in the process.
Methods: Mouse osteogenic precursor cell line MC3T3-E1 was used. The cells were assigned to control and three other groups treated with increasing doses of LH, i.e., 0.1, 1, and 10 μmmol/L. Cellular differentiation was determined in the various groups with respect to mRNA expressions of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), number of calcified nodules, Wnt/β-catenin pathway-related genes, viz, 5 (LRP5),β-catenin, GSK-3β, as well as mRNA expressions of related osteogenic differentiation genes, namely. alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alpha 1 type I collagen (Col1-α), Run×2, and osteogenic-related transcription factor antibody (Osterix) using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).
Results: The secretion levels of ALP in cells exposed to LH doses of 1 and 10 μmmol/L were significantly increased, relative to control values (p < 0.05). There were marked increases in mRNA levels of LRP5 and β-catenin in cells treated with LH doses of 1 and 10 μmmol/L compared with the control group, while GSK-3β mRNA expression levels were significantly lower than that in control group(p < 0.05). However, the expression levels of ALP, Col1-α, Run×2, Osterix mRNA in cells exposed to LH at doses of 1 and 10 μmmol/L were significantly higher than the corresponding expression levels in control cells (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Leonurusine hydrochloride may promote osteogenic differentiation and bone mineralization via a mechanism involving activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and up-regulation of Run×2 expression.
Keywords: Leonurusine hydrochloride, Wnt/β-catenin, Runx2, Osteogenic differentiation