bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tumour burden score and immune‐related hepatotoxicity in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma or liver metastases treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Di Carlo Eleonora , D'Alessio Antonio , Cammarota Antonella , Zanuso Valentina , Pressiani Tiziana , Bozzarelli Silvia , Ferrillo Giuseppe , Vatteroni Giulia , Pedicini Vittorio , Giordano Laura , Personeni Nicola , Rimassa Lorenza 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground & AimsTreatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is associated with the development of hepatic immune‐related adverse events (HIRAEs). We aimed to evaluate the role of baseline hepatic tumour burden, measured with the tumour burden score (TBS), in the development of HIRAEs and survival.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective observational cohort study on 93 patients treated with ICIs at IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, of which 42 for advanced HCC (Cohort 1) and 51 for non‐HCC cancers with liver metastases developed prior to immunotherapy initiation (Cohort 2). We assessed the baseline tumour burden using TBS: TBS2 = (maximum tumour diameter)2 + (number of liver lesions)2.ResultsIn the cohort of patients with HCC, 18 patients (42.86%) developed any grade (G) HIRAEs, of which eight (19.05%) were G ≥ 2. Patients who developed any‐grade HIRAEs had a higher median TBS compared to patients with no HIRAEs (10.95 vs 5.85; P = .11). Baseline TBS correlated with the development of any‐grade HIRAEs with marginal statistical significance (odds ratio [OR] 1.37, P = .08). Median OS was not influenced by TBS or by the development of HIRAEs.In the cohort of non‐HCC patients, 18 patients (35.29%) developed any‐grade HIRAEs, of which three (5.88%) were G ≥ 2. Baseline TBS did not correlate with the development of any‐grade HIRAEs (OR 1.01), and median OS was not influenced by TBS or HIRAEs.ConclusionsDespite the limited sample size and the absence of statistical significance, our study suggested a possible association between baseline TBS and the development of any‐grade HIRAEs in the HCC cohort. Future evaluation of larger cohorts is needed to corroborate these findings.
Cortical bone maintenance and loss in Colonial Mexico City: Analysis of sex‐ and age‐related differences
Authors: Wesp Julie K. , Hernández López Paulina Elizabeth 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPrevious research has demonstrated significant age‐ and sex‐related differences in bone loss in European populations. This study utilizes metacarpal radiogrammetry to analyze cortical bone thickness and bone loss for a sample of indigenous individuals (n = 120) from the Hospital Real San José de los Naturales (HSJN) skeletal collection in Colonial Mexico City. The results indicate statistically significant differences between males and females in total length, total width, and cortical thickness, but no difference in the standardized cortical index measure. There are significant differences in age groups for all measures except total length and the population follows a similar pattern of decreased cortical index over the life course. When age and sex are considered together, females begin this bone loss from young to middle adulthood with continued loss in old adulthood; however, males do not see a decrease in cortical index until old adulthood. While these results are consistent with previously reported patterns of bone loss, the HSJN population has higher levels of peak cortical bone in young adulthood than any archeological European populations. We suggest that this increased peak bone mass may reflect differences in diet that include higher levels of calcium and magnesium as a result of the traditional practice of softening corn by boiling it in limewater (nixtamalization). Similarly, a small sample of African descendant individuals (n = 5) from the HSJN population was compared with the averages for indigenous individuals in the collection and indicated a variation in bone size, though predominantly higher levels of cortical index that may also suggest important population differences that should be further explored. This research provides important comparative data on bone maintenance and loss that supports previous hypotheses that a higher nutrient diet in modern populations may be the key factor in increased peak bone mass compared with archeological populations.
Greater ectopic fat deposition and liver fibroinflammation and lower skeletal muscle mass in people with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Waddell Tom , Bagur Alexandre , Cunha Diogo , Thomaides‐Brears Helena , Banerjee Rajarshi , Cuthbertson Daniel J. , Brown Emily , Cusi Kenneth , Després Jean‐Pierre , Brady Michael 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveType 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with significant end‐organ damage and ectopic fat accumulation. Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can provide a rapid, noninvasive assessment of multiorgan and body composition. The primary objective of this study was to investigate differences in visceral adiposity, ectopic fat accumulation, body composition, and relevant biomarkers between people with and without T2D.MethodsParticipant demographics, routine biochemistry, and multiparametric MRI scans of the liver, pancreas, visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle were analyzed from 266 participants (131 with T2D and 135 without T2D) who were matched for age, gender, and BMI. Wilcoxon and χ2 tests were performed to calculate differences between groups.ResultsParticipants with T2D had significantly elevated liver fat (7.4% vs. 5.3%, p = 0.011) and fibroinflammation (as assessed by corrected T1 [cT1]; 730 milliseconds vs. 709 milliseconds, p = 0.019), despite there being no differences in liver biochemistry, serum aspartate aminotransferase (p = 0.35), or alanine transaminase concentration (p = 0.11). Significantly lower measures of skeletal muscle index (45.2 cm2/m2 vs. 50.6 cm2/m2, p = 0.003) and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (1.1 mmol/L vs. 1.3 mmol/L, p < 0.0001) were observed in participants with T2D.ConclusionsMultiparametric MRI revealed significantly elevated liver fat and fibroinflammation in participants with T2D, despite normal liver biochemistry. This study corroborates findings of significantly lower measures of skeletal muscle and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol in participants with T2D versus those without T2D.
Effect of ursodeoxycholic acid on gallstone formation after bariatric surgery: An updated meta‐analysis
Authors: Ying Jingjing , Dai Senjie , Fu Rongrong , Hong Jiaze , Dai Chenglong , Jin Qiong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveBariatric surgery increases the risk of postoperative gallstone formation. Many studies have proposed ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) as a preventive agent for postoperative gallstone formation. This study aimed to investigate the effect of UDCA on gallstone formation after bariatric surgery in patients without preoperative gallstones.MethodsPubMed, the Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, and EBSCO were searched for articles assessing the effect of UDCA on gallstone formation after bariatric surgery. The outcome was the incidence of postoperative gallstones. Odds ratios were used to assess dichotomous variables, and random‐effects models were used for statistical analyses.ResultsA total of 18 studies including 4,827 participants met the inclusion criteria. The statistical results showed that the incidence of gallstones in the UDCA group was significantly lower than in the control group. Furthermore, the occurrence of symptomatic gallstones and cholecystectomy was significantly reduced.ConclusionsIn patients without preoperative gallstones, UDCA can effectively prevent the formation of gallstones after bariatric surgery. In addition, UDCA can significantly reduce the occurrence of symptomatic gallstones and the risk of postoperative cholecystectomy. Doses of 500 to 600 mg/d can be used as a measure to prevent postoperative gallstone formation.
Guidance for hypersonic re‐entry using receding horizon control with finite terminal weighting matrix
Authors: Sun Qichao , Xu Juanjuan , Zhang Huanshui 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this article, nominal‐trajectory‐based guidance approach for hypersonic reentry vehicles is considered using the Vinh's equations. The nominal trajectory is generated via pseudo‐spectral method and then tracked by receding horizon control approach. Specially, several strategies are adopted to simplify the practical application. First, we formulate the receding optimal problem discretely using the approximated discrete linear state error dynamics. Thus, the differential matrix Riccati equation is substituted by a difference matrix Riccati equation. Second, we set the terminal state weighting matrix finite which brings flexibility of adjusting the sample period and prediction horizon. Third, the time‐varying state error dynamics is approximated by time invariant system. Lastly, instead of obtaining terminal weighting matrices which satisfy a linear matrix inequality using the LMI toolbox, we set them the same constant matrix. Naturally, numerical simulation is available to verify the validity and efficiency of the proposed approach.
Active Interphase Enables Stable Performance for an All‐Phosphate‐Based Composite Cathode in an All‐Solid‐State Battery
Authors: Xu Qi , Liu Zigeng , Windmüller Anna , Basak Shibabrata , Park Junbeom , Dzieciol Krzysztof , Tsai Chih‐Long , Yu Shicheng , Tempel Hermann , Kungl Hans , Eichel Rüdiger‐A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHigh interfacial resistance and unstable interphase between cathode active materials (CAMs) and solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) in the composite cathode are two of the main challenges in current all‐solid‐state batteries (ASSBs). In this work, the all‐phosphate‐based LiFePO4 (LFP) and Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 (LATP) composite cathode is obtained by a co‐firing technique. Benefiting from the densified structure and the formed redox‐active Li3–xFe2–x–yTixAly(PO4)3 (LFTAP) interphase, the mixed ion‐ and electron‐conductive LFP/LATP composite cathode facilitates the stable operation of bulk‐type ASSBs in different voltage ranges with almost no capacity degradation upon cycling. Particularly, both the LFTAP interphase and LATP electrolyte can be activated. The cell cycled between 4.1 and 2.2 V achieves a high reversible capacity of 2.8 mAh cm–2 (36 µA cm–2, 60 °C). Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the asymmetric charge/discharge behaviors of the cells are attributed to the existence of the electrochemically active LFTAP interphase, which results in more sluggish Li+ kinetics and more expansive LFTAP plateaus during discharge compared with that of charge. This work demonstrates a simple but effective strategy to stabilize the CAM/SSE interface in high mass loading ASSBs.
Theoretische Grundlagen
Authors: Logeswaran Araththy 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungTheoretische Vorüberlegungen dienen dazu, Probleme und Phänomene besser einordnen zu können. Insbesondere helfen Erklärungsansätze, komplexe Sachverhalte komprimiert greifbar zu machen. Hinzu kommt, dass erste Konzepte und theoretische Ansätze es ermöglichen, Lösungswege weiterzudenken.
Theorien zur Wahrnehmung und Bewältigung von Diskriminierung(serfahrung)
Authors: Logeswaran Araththy 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungIm Folgenden möchte ich anschließend an die im dritten Kapitel ausgeführten theoretischen Grundlagen auf einige der Theorien eingehen, die etwas zur Wahrnehmung und Bewältigung von Diskriminierung(serfahrung) beitragen. Diese Theorien sollen dazu verhelfen, das Handeln von Menschen in seiner Systematik zu erkennen und zu umschreiben. Vorher möchte ich noch darauf zu sprechen kommen, dass das menschliche Handeln grundsätzlich einer kurzen Erläuterung bedarf, wofür ich den symbolischen Interaktionismus nach Herbert Blumer (2004) für geeignet halte.
Akute Nierenschädigung und COVID-19: pulmorenaler Crosstalk unter massiver Inflammation
Authors: Mayerhöfer Timo , Perschinka Fabian , Joannidis Michael 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungEine mit der Coronaviruserkrankung 2019 (COVID-19) assoziierte Nierenschädigung ist vor allem bei Intensivpatient:innen ein häufiges Phänomen. Das Virus selbst dürfte im Sinne eines direkten Befalls der Niere nur in geringem Ausmaß eine Rolle spielen, die mit einer schweren COVID-19-Erkrankungen assoziierte pathologische Entzündungsreaktion dagegen sehr wohl. Einen wesentlichen Einfluss haben die Folgen der invasiven Beatmung und das durch COVID-19 verursachte Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). Hohe Beatmungsdrücke wirken sich negativ auf die Nierenperfusion aus und können so zur Entstehung einer AKI beitragen. Die durch das ARDS verursachte Entzündungsreaktion sowie die für COVID-19 typische endotheliale Dysfunktion in Kombination mit einer Hyperkoagulabilität sind weitere Faktoren, die die Nierenfunktion negativ beeinflussen können.
First-in-human study of WT1 recombinant protein vaccination in elderly patients with AML in remission: a single-center experience
Authors: Kreutmair Stefanie , Pfeifer Dietmar , Waterhouse Miguel , Takács Ferenc , Graessel Linda , Döhner Konstanze , Duyster Justus , Illert Anna Lena , Frey Anna-Verena , Schmitt Michael , Lübbert Michael 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWilms’ tumor 1 (WT1) protein is highly immunogenic and overexpressed in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), consequently ranked as a promising target for novel immunotherapeutic strategies. Here we report our experience of a phase I/II clinical trial (NCT01051063) of a vaccination strategy based on WT1 recombinant protein (WT1-A10) together with vaccine adjuvant AS01B in five elderly AML patients (median age 69 years, range 63–75) receiving a total of 62 vaccinations (median 18, range 3–20) after standard chemotherapy. Clinical benefit was observed in three patients: one patient achieved measurable residual disease clearance during WT1 vaccination therapy, another patient maintained long-term molecular remission over 59 months after the first vaccination cycle. Interestingly, in one case, we observed a complete clonal switch at AML relapse with loss of WT1 expression, proposing suppression of the original AML clone by WT1-based vaccination therapy. Detected humoral and cellular CD4+ T cell immune responses point to efficient immune stimulation post-vaccination, complementing hints for induced conventional T cell infiltration into the bone marrow and a shift from senescent/exhausted to a more activated T cell profile. Overall, the vaccinations with WT1 recombinant protein had an acceptable safety profile and were thus well tolerated.To conclude, our data provide evidence of potential clinical efficacy of WT1 protein-based vaccination therapy in AML patients, warranting further investigations.
Distribution of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors in Europe: results from a retrospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Loosen Sven H. , Kostev Karel , Jann Henning , Tetzlaff Fabian , Tacke Frank , Krieg Sarah , Knoefel Wolfram T. , Fluegen Georg , Luedde Tom , Krieg Andreas , Roderburg Christoph 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Gastrointestinal (non-pancreatic) neuroendocrine tumors (GI-NETs) represent a rare but increasingly common tumor entity. Prognosis and biological behavior of these tumors is extremely heterogenous and largely dependent on the specific tumor site, stage and differentiation. However, systematic data on the epidemiology of GI-NET, especially in terms of geographic distributions are missing.

Methods
We used the Oncology Dynamics database (IQVIA) to identify a total of 1354 patients with GI-NET from four European countries (Germany, France, Spain, UK) and compared them with regard to major patient and tumor related characteristics including patients’ age, sex, tumor stage, tumor grading and differentiation.

Results
Out of the analyzed 1354 NET patients, 535 were found in the UK (39.5%), 289 in Germany (21.3%), 283 in Spain (20.9%) and 247 in France (18.2%). More patients were male than female (53.8% vs. 46.2%) with no significant differences between the analyzed countries. In contrast, the age distribution varied between the different countries, with the highest number of patients identified in the age groups of 61–70 years (31.0%) and 71–80 years (30.7%). The vast majority of patients showed a tumor origin in the small intestine, in German patients NET of the large intestine were slightly overrepresented and NET of the stomach underrepresented compared to all other countries. More than 80% of patients had stage IV disease at the time of diagnosis. Regarding tumor histology, most tumors showed a G2 tumor; interestingly, a G3 grading was found in 40.9% of patients in Germany (Ki-67 > 20%).

Conclusion
The distribution of important patient- and tumor-specific characteristics of neuroendocrine tumors shows regional differences in four major European countries. These data may help to better understand the specific epidemiology of GI-NET in Europe.
An improved binary sparrow search algorithm for feature selection in data classification
Authors: Gad Ahmed G. , Sallam Karam M. , Chakrabortty Ripon K. , Ryan Michael J. , Abohany Amr A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFeature Selection (FS) is an important preprocessing step that is involved in machine learning and data mining tasks for preparing data (especially high-dimensional data) by eliminating irrelevant and redundant features, thus reducing the potential curse of dimensionality of a given large dataset. Consequently, FS is arguably a combinatorial NP-hard problem in which the computational time increases exponentially with an increase in problem complexity. To tackle such a problem type, meta-heuristic techniques have been opted by an increasing number of scholars. Herein, a novel meta-heuristic algorithm, called Sparrow Search Algorithm (SSA), is presented. The SSA still performs poorly on exploratory behavior and exploration-exploitation trade-off because it does not duly stimulate the search within feasible regions, and the exploitation process suffers noticeable stagnation. Therefore, we improve SSA by adopting: i) a strategy for Random Re-positioning of Roaming Agents (3RA); and ii) a novel Local Search Algorithm (LSA), which are algorithmically incorporated into the original SSA structure. To the FS problem, SSA is improved and cloned as a binary variant, namely, the improved Binary SSA (iBSSA), which would strive to select the optimal or near-optimal features from a given dataset while keeping the classification accuracy maximized. For binary conversion, the iBSSA was primarily validated against nine common S-shaped and V-shaped Transfer Functions (TFs), thus producing nine iBSSA variants. To verify the robustness of these variants, three well-known classification techniques, includingk-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Random Forest (RF) were adopted as fitness evaluators with the proposed iBSSA approach and many other competing algorithms, on 18 multifaceted, multi-scale benchmark datasets from the University of California Irvine (UCI) data repository. Then, the overall best-performing iBSSA variant for each of the three classifiers was compared with binary variants of 12 different well-known meta-heuristic algorithms, including the original SSA (BSSA), Artificial Bee Colony (BABC), Particle Swarm Optimization (BPSO), Bat Algorithm (BBA), Grey Wolf Optimization (BGWO), Whale Optimization Algorithm (BWOA), Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm (BGOA) SailFish Optimizer (BSFO), Harris Hawks Optimization (BHHO), Bird Swarm Algorithm (BBSA), Atom Search Optimization (BASO), and Henry Gas Solubility Optimization (BHGSO). Based on a Wilcoxon’s non-parametric statistical test ($$\alpha =0.05$$α=0.05), the superiority of iBSSA with the three classifiers was very evident against counterparts across the vast majority of the selected datasets, achieving a feature size reduction of up to 92% along with up to 100% classification accuracy on some of those datasets.
Relation of pine crop damage to species-specific density in a multi-ungulate assemblage
Authors: Zini Valentina , Wäber Kristin , Dolman Paul M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDeer management in forest ecosystems requires information on deer densities and impacts to inform culling decisions with a known target density for acceptable damage levels. In multi-ungulate assemblages, managers need knowledge of relative impacts by different species or guilds. In an extensive (195 km2) conifer forest in eastern England, we related Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) leader damage (% dominant shoots browsed) in 48 restocked stands (1–3 years growth) over multiple years (n = 79 observations) to species-specific annual muntjac (Muntiacus reevesi), roe (Capreolus capreolus), fallow (Dama dama) and “large deer” densities (composite of annual fallow and multi-year mean red deerCervus elaphus) using generalized mixed effects models. Forest-wide density surface models were calibrated through intensive annual thermal imaging distance transects and local densities around stands resampled within confidence bounds. Models also examined effects of ground vegetation and hare presence (Lepus europaeus). More pine leaders were browsed at higher fallow or large deer densities (22% and 18%, respectively, increased leader damage across inter-quartile range). Leader damage intensity was not influenced by ground vegetation, hares, muntjac (across the range 8.3–41.6 individuals km−2) or roe deer density (1.7–19.4 individuals km−2). To reduce pine crop damage to economically acceptable levels, managers need to reduce fallow deer to a density as low as 0.6 individuals km−2(CI = 0.06–1.44, which is considered impractical) or reduce combined large deer density to 2.3 (CI = 1.18–3.46) individuals km−2. Reducing muntjac or roe abundance would minimally affect leader damage in this system, but may be important for other tree species. Multi-species deer management requires species-specific understanding of impacts and robust density estimates.
Advancing the smart city objectives of electric demand management and new services to residents by home automation—learnings from a case
Authors: Härkönen K. , Hannola L. , Pyrhönen O. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSmart city projects explore solutions to improve the sustainability of urban infrastructure. In Kalasatama, a new smart city district being built in Helsinki, a solution to excite the availability of electric demand management and other energy-related services for residents is being tested. The city has made installing a specified minimum set of home automation devices obligatory in each apartment in the district, with the intention that entrepreneurial companies would start to offer energy management solutions based on that automation. This case study examines the utilisation of home automation in energy management at a point in time when approximately one-third of the dwellings in the smart city district are complete. According to the results of the study, companies developing and building apartments in the area of Kalasatama do not seem to find the regulation concerning home automation to be directly beneficial. Also, the availability of energy management services, based on the home automation solution, seems to remain low for the residents of the district. Based on these findings, we propose that similar smart city projects should be subject to a wider dialogue between policymakers and prospective market participants in the project conceptualisation phase.