bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rosmarinic acid protects against lipopolysaccharide‐induced cardiac dysfunction via activating Sirt1/PGC‐1α pathway to alleviate mitochondrial impairment
Authors: Peng Ke , Yang Fengyuan , Qiu Chenming , Yang Yongjian , Lan Cong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSepsis‐induced cardiomyopathy is a decisive factor that plays a critical role in the high mortality of septic patients in the critically ill. Mitochondrial dysfunction occurring during sepsis is a vital contributor to the pathogenesis of myocardial damage. Rosmarinic acid (RA), a natural poly‐phenolic compound, has showed cardio‐protective and mitochondrial protective effect. The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of RA on sepsis‐induced cardiomyopathy. Adult mice were subjected to intraperitoneal injection of saline (control) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 5 mg/kg) to mimic sepsis‐induced cardiomyopathy. Immediately after LPS challenge, vehicle or RA (100 mg/kg/day) was administrated via gavage. Cardiac function was examined with echocardiographic analyses 12 hours after LPS challenge and cumulative survival of mice was recorded for 8 days. Heart tissues were harvested 12 hours after LPS challenge to perform histological analyses and determine mitochondrial function. We found RA significantly improved cardiac function and survival of LPS‐injected mice. Histologically, RA attenuated LPS‐mediated cardiomyocyte damage, indicated by decreased cardiomyocyte apoptosis and improved myocardial swollen and disarrangement. Moreover, RA attenuated LPS‐mediated myocardial mitochondrial dysfunction, indicated by improved mitochondrial ultrastructure, increased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), markedly decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and alleviated oxidative stress in heart tissues. RA treatment downregulated protein expression of Sirt1 and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma coactivator‐1α (PGC‐1α), and Sirt1 inhibition blocked protective effect of RA on LPS‐induced myocardial damage and mitochondrial dysfunction. Collectively, RA attenuates LPS‐induced cardiac dysfunction via activating Sirt1/PGC‐1α pathway to alleviate mitochondrial impairment. It may be a promising cardio‐protective drug to be used for septic patients.
Linear scaling between microbial predator and prey densities in the global ocean
Authors: Rajakaruna Harshana , Omta Anne Willem , Carr Eric , Talmy David 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIt has been proposed that microbial predator and prey densities are related through sublinear power laws. We revisited previously published biomass and abundance data and fitted Power‐law Biomass Scaling Relationships (PBSRs) between marine microzooplankton predators (Z) and phytoplankton prey (P), and marine viral predators (V) and bacterial prey (B). We analysed them assuming an error structure given by Type II regression models which, in contrast to the conventional Type I regression model, accounts for errors in both the independent and the dependent variables. We found that the data support linear relationships, in contrast to the sublinear relationships reported by previous authors. The scaling exponent yields an expected value of 1 with some spread in different datasets that was well‐described with a Gaussian distribution. Our results suggest that the ratiosZ/P, andV/Bare on average invariant, in contrast to the hypothesis that they systematically decrease with increasingPand B, respectively, as previously thought.
Highly processed foods can be considered addictive substances based on established scientific criteria
Authors: Gearhardt Ashley N. , DiFeliceantonio Alexandra G. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere is growing evidence that an addictive‐eating phenotype may exist. There is significant debate regarding whether highly processed foods (HPFs; foods with refined carbohydrates and/or added fats) are addictive. The lack of scientifically grounded criteria to evaluate the addictive nature of HPFs has hindered the resolution of this debate.AnalysisThe most recent scientific debate regarding a substance's addictive potential centered around tobacco. In 1988, the Surgeon General issued a report identifying tobacco products as addictive based on three primary scientific criteria: their ability to (1) cause highly controlled or compulsive use, (2) cause psychoactive (i.e. mood‐altering) effects via their effect on the brain and (3) reinforce behavior. Scientific advances have now identified the ability of tobacco products to (4) trigger strong urges or craving as another important indicator of addictive potential. Here, we propose that these four criteria provide scientifically valid benchmarks that can be used to evaluate the addictiveness of HPFs. Then, we review the evidence regarding whether HPFs meet each criterion. Finally, we consider the implications of labeling HPFs as addictive.ConclusionHighly processed foods (HPFs) can meet the criteria to be labeled as addictive substances using the standards set for tobacco products. The addictive potential of HPFs may be a key factor contributing to the high public health costs associated with a food environment dominated by cheap, accessible and heavily marketed HPFs.
FGF9 variant in 46,XY DSD patient suggests a role for dimerization in sex determination
Authors: Croft Brittany , Bird Anthony D. , Ono Makoto , Eggers Stefanie , Bagheri‐Fam Stefan , Ryan Janelle M. , Reyes Alejandra P. , van den Bergen Jocelyn , Baxendale Anne , Thompson Elizabeth M. , Kueh Andrew J. , Stanton Peter , Thomas Tim , Sinclair Andrew H. , Harley Vincent R. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract46,XY gonadal dysgenesis (GD) is a Disorder/Difference of Sex Development (DSD) that can present with phenotypes ranging from ambiguous genitalia to complete male‐to‐female sex reversal. Around 50% of 46,XY DSD cases receive a molecular diagnosis. In mice, Fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9) is an important component of the male sex‐determining pathway. Two FGF9 variants reported to date disrupt testis development in mice, but not in humans. Here, we describe a female patient with 46,XY GD harbouring the rare FGF9 variant (missense mutation), NM_002010.2:c.583G > A;p.(Asp195Asn) (D195N). By biochemical and cell‐based approaches, the D195N variant disrupts FGF9 protein homodimerisation and FGF9‐heparin‐binding, and reduces both Sertoli cell proliferation and Wnt4 repression. XY Fgf9D195N/D195N foetal mice show a transient disruption of testicular cord development, while XY Fgf9D195N/− foetal mice show partial male‐to‐female gonadal sex reversal. In the general population, the D195N variant occurs at an allele frequency of 2.4 × 10−5, suggesting an oligogenic basis for the patient's DSD. Exome analysis of the patient reveals several known and novel variants in genes expressed in human foetal Sertoli cells at the time of sex determination. Taken together, our results indicate that disruption of FGF9 homodimerization impairs testis determination in mice and, potentially, also in humans in combination with other variants.
Tracking a killer shrimp: Dikerogammarus villosus invasion dynamics across Europe
Authors: Soto Ismael , Cuthbert Ross N. , Ahmed Danish A. , Kouba Antonín , Domisch Sami , Marquez Jaime R. G. , Beidas Ayah , Amatulli Giuseppe , Kiesel Jens , Shen Longzhu Q. , Florencio Margarita , Lima Herlander , Briski Elizabeta , Altermatt Florian , Archambaud‐Suard Gaït , Borza Peter , Csabai Zoltan , Datry Thibault , Floury Mathieu , Forcellini Maxence , Fruget Jean‐François , Leitner Patrick , Lizée Marie‐Hélène , Maire Anthony , Ricciardi Anthony , Schäfer Ralf B. , Stubbington Rachel , Van der Lee Gea H. , Várbíró Gábor , Verdonschot Ralf C. M. , Haase Peter , Haubrock Phillip J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimInvasive alien species are a growing problem worldwide due to their ecological, economic and human health impacts. The “killer shrimp” Dikerogammarus villosus is a notorious invasive alien amphipod from the Ponto‐Caspian region that has invaded many fresh and brackish waters across Europe. Understandings of large‐scale population dynamics of highly impactful invaders such as D. villosus are lacking, inhibiting predictions of impact and efficient timing of management strategies. Hence, our aim was to assess trends and dynamics of D. villosus as well as its impacts in freshwater rivers and streams.LocationEurope.MethodsWe analysed 96 European time series between 1994 and 2019 and identified trends in the relative abundance (i.e. dominance %) of D. villosus in invaded time series, as well as a set of site‐specific characteristics to identify drivers and determinants of population changes and invasion dynamics using meta‐regression modelling. We also looked at the spread over space and time to estimate the invasion speed (km/year) of D. villosus in Europe. We investigated the impact of D. villosus abundance on recipient community metrics (i.e. abundance, taxa richness, temporal turnover, Shannon diversity and Pielou evenness) using generalized linear models.ResultsPopulation trends varied across the time series. Nevertheless, community dominance of D. villosus increased over time across all time series. The frequency of occurrences (used as a proxy for invader spread) was well described by a Pareto distribution, whereby we estimated a lag phase (i.e. the time between introduction and spatial expansion) of approximately 28 years, followed by a gradual increase before new occurrences declined rapidly in the long term. D. villosus population change was associated with decreased taxa richness, community turnover and Shannon diversity.Main ConclusionOur results show that D. villosus is well‐established in European waters and its abundance significantly alters ecological communities. However, the multidecadal lag phase prior to observed spatial expansion suggests that initial introductions by D. villosus are cryptic, thus signalling the need for more effective early detection methods.
Resetting our expectations for parasites and their effects on species interactions: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Hasik Adam Z. , de Angeli Dutra Daniela , Doherty Jean‐François , Duffy Meghan A. , Poulin Robert , Siepielski Adam M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDespite the ubiquitous nature of parasitism, how parasitism alters the outcome of host–species interactions such as competition, mutualism and predation remains unknown. Using a phylogenetically informed meta‐analysis of 154 studies, we examined how the mean and variance in the outcomes of species interactions differed between parasitized and non‐parasitized hosts. Overall, parasitism did not significantly affect the mean or variance of host–species interaction outcomes, nor did the shared evolutionary histories of hosts and parasites have an effect. Instead, there was considerable variation in outcomes, ranging from strongly detrimental to strongly beneficial for infected hosts. Trophically‐transmitted parasites increased the negative effects of predation, parasites increased and decreased the negative effects of interspecific competition for parasitized and non‐parasitized heterospecifics, respectively, and parasites had particularly strong negative effects on host species interactions in freshwater and marine habitats, yet were beneficial in terrestrial environments. Our results illuminate the diverse ways in which parasites modify critical linkages in ecological networks, implying that whether the cumulative effects of parasitism are considered detrimental depends not only on the interactions between hosts and their parasites but also on the many other interactions that hosts experience.
Effect of speed sintering of monolithic zirconia with different yttria contents on color and crystal phase
Authors: Miura Shoko , Shinya Akikazu , Koizumi Hiroyasu , Fujisawa Masanori 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study evaluated the color and microstructure of monolithic zirconia crowns with different yttrium oxide (Y2O3) contents treated by conventional or speed sintering. Four types of zirconia ceramics were assessed: two monolayer zirconia, and two multilayer zirconia. The monolithic zirconia crowns were fabricated using a dental computer‐aided design/computer‐aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) system and in two shades (A2 and BL). After milling, the zirconia crowns were sintered using either speed sintering or conventional sintering. For each combination of zirconia (4), shade (2), and sintering condition (2), the color parameters were determined at three positions of each of nine crowns using a non‐contact dental spectrophotometer. In addition, the zirconia phases in the specimens were quantified using X‐ray diffractometry. Significant differences in the ΔE00 values at different measurement positions were observed for the Multi2 crown of the BL shade group. The color difference resulting from conventional and speed sintering programs was not affected by the difference in yttria content of Mono1, Mono2, and Multi1. However, in Multi2, containing 3Y‐TZP and 5Y‐PSZ, a color change was caused by the use of speed sintering. Therefore, when performing speed sintering with Multi2, it is necessary to select the color in consideration of these results or take measures for staining.
Relationships between lexical coverage, learner knowledge, and teacher perceptions of the usefulness of high‐frequency words
Authors: Dang Thi Ngoc Yen , Webb Stuart , Coxhead Averil 
Published: November 2022

The ChallengeForeign language learners should learn the words that are most useful for them. Information from various sources (corpora, teachers, and learners) has been used to identify these words. One question that arises is to what extent these data sets correlate to one another. This study aims to address this question.
Incorporation of the emotional indicators of the patient journey into healthcare organization management
Authors: Rodríguez‐Fuertes Alfredo , Reinares‐Lara Pedro , Garcia‐Henche Blanca 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn recent years, attempts have been made to incorporate patients' experiences into healthcare processes, to complement clinical indicators, with what are known as patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) and patient‐reported experience measures (PREMs). While the research into PROMs is more developed, the application of PREMs faces some difficulties. The incorporation of emotional indicators into assessments of the experience is an area that remains to be explored.ObjectivesThis study proposes a new technique to analyse the emotions experienced by patients during the care process, examines how these emotions influence their satisfaction and propose that if healthcare services focus more on patients' emotions, they can improve the effectiveness of the sector.MethodsThe first, qualitative stage, gathered data from patients to design a patient journey (PJ). The PJ was then reproduced as a video. In a subsequent, quantitative stage, the video was shown to experimental participants, and their emotions were measured through facial expression analysis and a questionnaire.ResultsA new technique to gather emotional data showed that the emotions patients experience do not affect their satisfaction with their clinical care or the physical aspects of the process. However, their emotions did affect their satisfaction with people and organizations.ConclusionsThe importance of the emotional component of patients' experiences was underlined. Therefore, healthcare organizations should take account of this dimension, as well as the cognitive, to increase patient satisfaction and improve their care processes. Understanding the impact of the emotions identified at the subconscious level can help improve the patient experience. A new methodology was applied that may help health professionals to collect emotional data about patients' experiences and to develop PREMs.Patient/Public ContributionPatients were involved in all stages of this research. In the exploratory phase, some helped define the touchpoints of the PJ. The data from the subsequent experimental phase were collected from another group, and the emotions they experienced were identified through the analysis of their facial expressions. Based on the results of this study, a working group including patients has been established to work on improvements in the PJ.
Overview and perspectives of solid electrolytes for sodium batteries
Authors: Vasudevan Sudharshan , Dwivedi Sushmita , Balaya Palani 
Published: November 2022

AbstractQuoting the abundance and cost of sodium reserve and robustly safe and high‐energy solid electrolytes, sodium solid‐state batteries (SSBs) exhibit huge promise for future energy storage applications compared to battery systems using organic liquid electrolytes and Li counterparts. However, the progress and application are still in infancy, experiencing numerous challenges for sodium SSBs due to inherent properties, interface complications, and fabrication. These are recently receiving unprecedented research attention by understanding and steadily resolving the issues associated with sodium SSBs. In this review, the governing bulk and interfacial issues and dynamics, background research correlations from Li counterparts, and strategies to address them are investigated for various ceramic‐, polymer‐, and ceramic–polymer composite based solid electrolytes. Particular attention is devoted to issues with ceramic electrolytes (such as interfacial stability, brittleness, porosity, and grain–grain boundary resistance) and polymer electrolytes (like dendrite formation, passivation layer, electrochemical instability, and ionic conductivity), and finally, robustness in overall performance and a few drawbacks (such as filler agglomeration, interface dynamics, and crack propagation) on the composited state‐of‐the‐art ceramic–polymer electrolytes are highlighted. To end with, crucial inferences and future research perspectives are condensed on the development of enhanced solid electrolytes for sodium SSBs overcoming the shortcomings illustrated for different electrolytes.
Association between the interleukin‐1B polymorphism at rs16944 T>C and diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Lin Nengbo , Lu Hua , Cheng Xiaoling , Zhao Ya , Wan Qin , Luo Yi , Miao Ying , Bai Xue , Liu Dan , Wang Chao 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDiabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common microvascular complication of diabetes and the leading cause of blindness at working age. DR is considered to be a chronic low‐grade inflammatory subclinical disease, and its pathogenesis is related to genetic and environmental factors. Interleukin (IL)‐1 is an important inflammatory cytokine. An association between DR and the rs16944 (IL‐1B‐511) T>C gene polymorphism has not been reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the rs16944 T>C gene polymorphism and DR in the Han population in southwest China. Participants in this study were 272 patients with DR, 274 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and 335 healthy controls (NC). The polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism method was used to detect the rs16944 T>C genotype of participants. The distribution frequencies of the rs16944 T>C genotype and allele were significantly different among the three groups (p < .05). The distribution frequency of TT, CT, CC genotype (χ2 = 9.893, p = .007; χ2 = 6.567, p = .037) and each allele (χ2 = 5.585, p = .018; χ2 = 9.187, p = .002) in the DR group was significantly different from the NC and T2DM groups, respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed that the TT + CT genotype was a risk factor for DR, with an odds ratio of 1.731 (95% confidence interval 1.140–2.627, p = .01). The rs16944 T>C gene polymorphism may be associated with DR, and the TT+CT genotype may increase the risk of DR.
Board governance of Strategic Change: An assessment of the literature and avenues for future research
Authors: Klarner Patricia , Yu Qiwen , Yoshikawa Toru , Hitt Michael A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBoards of directors play a central role in governing corporate strategic change. We systematically review corporate governance research on strategic change published over the past 40 years, differentiating between strategic change types and board characteristics. We identify three developments: a focus on specific strategic change types, board composition and structure, and North American listed firms as a dominant study context. Yet, our analysis of the literature shows that research on board governance of interrelated strategic changes, on different board roles and behaviour, and on the governance of strategic changes across different contexts remains underdeveloped. To address these research gaps, we suggest three future research avenues: (1) examining how boards govern interrelated changes in a strategic change portfolio and its evolution over time; (2) studying the mediating relationship between board governance (particularly different board roles and behaviour), strategic changes, and corresponding outcomes; and (3) gaining a better understanding of the role of context in board governance of interrelated strategic changes. We contribute to corporate governance research by developing a framework that synthesizes extant research on the relationships between different board governance variables and strategic change types, highlights important research gaps, and outlines several future research directions to address these gaps. Our framework and literature overview serve as analytical tools to examine whether boards are well‐designed and prepared to govern multiple and interrelated strategic changes.
The right to exit as national and transnational governance: The case of Eritrea
Authors: Milena Belloni , Cole Georgia 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this article, we seek to explain some of the seeming paradoxes of extreme restrictions on the right to exit in the case of Eritrea. While the government has denied passports and exit visas to all but a few categories of Eritrean resident citizens in order to avoid a mass exodus from the country, and imposed harsh punishments on those found crossing the border illegally, the government has also institutionalised policies to “welcome” absconders back. We argue that restrictions on the “right to exit” make this ostensibly more conciliatory position possible because they constitute such a powerful tool of both national and transnational governance. We show the long‐term impacts that people's inability to leave Eritrea legally has on their access to other rights, in particular the right to family life, and how this enables the Eritrean government to continue to discipline people's behaviour long after they have crossed the border. Alongside the ways in which the Eritrean government thus benefits financially and politically from large‐scale emigration from the country, despite its protestations to the contrary, we show how limits on the right to exit provide yet another way for authoritarian governments to exercise transnational reach.