bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determinants of Effective Family Planning Communication Among Couples in Harar, Eastern Ethiopia: A Community Based Matched Case-Control Study
Authors: Zelalem Desalew , Worku Alemayehu , Dessie Yadeta 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Effective spousal family planning communication is determined by various socio-economic, demographic, family planning knowledge and attitude, and exposure of couples to family planning message on media. Women' equality with men in terms of educational status, relative power of each spouse and women's social and economic vulnerability dictates couples' communication on family planning and other reproductive health issues.
Methods
A community based matched case-control study was conducted in twelve kebeles of Harar Urban Health and Demographic Surveillance System. A total of 1010 cases (married couples) and 1010 controls (married couples) of whose wives were in the reproductive age participated in the study. The selection of the study participants was made using simple random sampling.
Results
In this study, husband's desire for more children (aOR = 0.2; 95%CI: 0.11, 0.41), wives desire for more children (aOR = 0.1; 95%CI: 0.06, 0.34) and fewer children (aOR = 0.4; 95%CI: 0.19, 0.84), couples' approval of family planning use (aOR = 2.3; 95%CI: 0.65, 8.37) and women's family planning counseling by health workers (aOR = 2.1; 95%CI: 1.12, 3.8) were significantly associated with effective spousal family planning communication
Conclusion
In conclusion the results revealed that policies and programs aimed at promoting family planning should strengthen family planning information, education and communication activities to enable couples concord on their desired number of children and develop positive attitude towards family planning.
Characterization of Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity in Orchidectomized Insulin-Resistant Rats
Authors: Akinbampe Monsurat A. , Abayomi Taiwo Adekemi , Opuwari Chinyerum. Sylvia , Falana Benedict 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Androgen deprivation could be created through testosterone antagonists (castration using chemicals) with or without orchidectomy. There is this hypothesis that stipulates that testosterone may have supreme effects on synaptic plasticity, and in the recent past low testosterone has been linked to type-2 diabetics, insulin resistance and Alzheimer’s disease. The present study investigated the cellular changes that occur from bilateral orchidectomy and examined the effects of androgen deprivation, orchidectomy and flutamide administration on the histoarchitectural organization of the hippocampus in male Wistar rats.
Methodology
This purpose, thirty-six(36) presumably healthy male rats were randomly divided into six groups, A, B, C, D, E, F and treatment lasted for 30 days in the various groups as follows; n-6, Group A = Control; Group B = Orchidectomy only; Group C = Flutamide (10mg/kg); Group D = Flutamide (20mg/kg); Group E = Orchidectomy + Flutamide (10mg/kg); Group F = Orchidectomy + Flutamide (20mg/kg). Tissues processed for histology, histochemistry and biochemical parameters.
Results
The total plasma; testosterone, insulin levels, fasting blood glucose, and nitric oxide were assayed; the homeostasis model for insulin resistance was also calculated. Histological examinations by Hematoxylin and Eosin(H&E) and Cresyl fast violet (CFV), while immunohistochemical analysis of astrocytes were performed using Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Results of study show that androgen deprived insulin-resistance state primarily affects fasting blood glucose leading to increases in the level of serum insulin, glucose and nitric oxide and caused a decrease in serum testosterone levels. The hippocampal response to flutamide was unaffected by blockade of intracerebral estrogen biosynthesis. In comparison flutamide alone increased CA1 spine synapse density also whereas in combination the effects of flutamide + orchidectomy were additive rather than inhibitory.
Conclusion
Histopathological results showed that flutamide significantly restored the histological damage of rat brain in flutamide treatment + orchidectomy.
Controls on the origin and distribution of palmiet wetlands in South Africa: understanding the landscape and hydrological settings of wetlands
Authors: Ellery WN , Langner W , Glenday J , Grenfell SE , Grenfell MC , Tanner J , Job N , Kotze DC 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Palmiet wetlands are permanently flooded and associated with Table Mountain and Natal Group sandstones in the Western Cape, Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces. Factors underlying this association are poorly understood. This study addresses this knowledge gap by examining climatic, geological and geomorphological characteristics of fourteen case study palmiet wetlands across the Cape Fold Mountains. Palmiet occurs over a wide range of climatic conditions from highly seasonal arid winter rainfall (Clanwilliam in the west), to non-seasonal high rainfall conditions in the central part of its range, becoming more arid and seasonal summer rainfall eastwards. This variability suggests rainfall alone cannot explain the distribution of palmiet wetlands. The catchments of these wetlands contain fractured quartzitic lithologies that host large volumes of groundwater. Hydrological connectivity between wetlands and high-lying quartzitic lithologies is enhanced through both headward erosion into high lying catchments and by tributary alluvial fans that have zones of high hydraulic conductivity. The morphology of palmiet wetlands is primarily controlled by fluvial processes linked to erosion and deposition, such that their longitudinal slope is low (< 2%) and width is high (> 500 m in cases). The study concludes with a conceptual model that captures linkages between climate, geology, geomorphic processes and hydrology.
AIM2 is an potential biomarker associated with the Immune-active Tumor Microenvironment Remodeling and PANoptosis in skin cutaneous melanoma
Authors: Long ShengYong , Zhang Xuan Fen 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Backgrounds: Absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) is a crucial developmental regulator for innate immune responses and recent reports suggest its vital function in the process of cancer development and progression, however, the mutations, copy number variations (CNV), methylation, and relationship with the tumor microenvironment (TME), along with the underlying molecular biological processes, remain unclear. Methods: the mutations, CNVs, and methylation patterns of AIM2 in patients with skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) were systematically analyzed in this study. Its effects on TME, immunotherapy, and prognoses of SKCM patients were also investigated. According to the findings of the multifactorial Cox regression analysis, a prognostic alignment diagram-based model was constructed. Results: The findings showed that AIM2 expression differed significantly in patients with SKCM. The CNVs and gene methylation patterns affected the level of AIM2 expression, and genetic alterations could influence the tumor immunophenotype. The prognostic alignment diagram model had better predictive efficacy and may improve survival rates in patients. The elevated expression of AIM2 led to enhanced immune responses in SKCM patients and could induce cellular pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necrosis. AIM2 could promote CD8+ T-cell infiltration by activating the PANoptosis pathway and M1 macrophage polarization., and this may be a possible mechanism of its action. In addition, significant associations of AIM2 expression with hot tumor, tumor mutational burden (TMB), immune checkpoint-related genes, and microsatellite instability (MSI), were observed. Conclusions:AIM2 is associated with increased abundance of effector CD8+ T-cells, positive responses to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) treatment, and improved prognoses. Therefore, it could be a putative enhancer and prognostic biomarker for the treatment of SKCM.
The efficacy of platelet rich plasma in treating symptomatic cases with MRI-confirmed degenerative medial meniscal lesions
Authors: Zou Guoyou , Sun Jinpeng , He Xiao , Shen Xiaofei , Chen Pengyu , Shao Aiping , Shi Xiaoming 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objects
To observe the efficacy and imaging changes after autologous platelet rich plasma intra-articular injection for symptomatic degenerative meniscal lesions.
Methods
From December 2019 to May 2021, 68 knee pain outpatients over 50 years old whose diagnoses were also confirmed by MRI which showing I-III degrees meniscus degenerative lesions underwent a series of intra-articular injection of autologous platelet rich plasma (PRP), 3 sequential injections with 7-day intervals. All patients were followed-up and evaluated by Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale 1 month and 6 months post treatment. MRI was rearranged for all patients at the time of the sixth month after treatment to observe if there were changes of the meniscal lesion as well as the edema of the MCL and the adjacent bone marrow. Institutional review board of Xuzhou Medical University approved the respective study protocol (2019KY006).
Results
The Lysholm scores of 68 patients were all significantly improved post-treatment and there was no significant difference between one month and six months after treatment. MRI showed that after 6 months of PRP treatment the bone marrow edema areas were dramatically decreased and even totally disappeared in some patients (15/25). Meanwhile, MRI imaging also showed in 83.3% (65/78) of the patients that the edema around the medial collateral ligament (MCL) disappeared completely while others presented significant diameter-decrease of their primary edema areas.
Conclusions
Good clinical outcomes were achieved in patients with symptomatic degenerative medial meniscus lesions after intra-articular injection of PRP. MRI showed the primary edema area of the medial collateral ligament and the bone marrow both decreased and, in some cases, even disappeared at the sixth month post-treatment.
Gait training with a wearable curara ® robot during stroke rehabilitation: a randomized parallel-group trial
Authors: Miyagawa Daichi , Matsushima Akira , Maruyama Yoichi , Mizukami Noriaki , Tetsuya Mikio , Hashimoto Minoru , Yoshida Kunihiro 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Recently, robot-assisted gait training (RAGT) has been applied widely to individuals with stroke to regain and improve walking ability. We have developed a non-exoskeleton rehabilitation robot, “curara®,” and examined its immediate effect in patients with spinocerebellar degeneration and stroke, but its rehabilitative effect has not been clarified. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of curara® on gait training in stroke patients.Methods: Forty stroke patients were enrolled in this study. The participants were divided randomly into two groups (groups A and B). The subjects in group A were assigned RAGT with curara® type 4, whereas those in group B received conventional therapist-assisted gait training. The clinical trial period was 15 days. The 10-m walking time (10mWT), 6-min walking distance (6mWD), timed up and go test, and gait parameters (stride duration and length, standard deviation of stride duration and length, cadence, ratio of the stance/swing phases, minimum/maximum knee joint angle, and minimum/maximum hip joint angle) were measured using a RehaGait® analyzer. The Berg Balance Scale was evaluated on days 0 and 14. Gait training was performed for 30 ± 5 min per day through days 2–6 and days 8–13 (total, 12 days) in both groups. The improvement rate was calculated as the difference of values between days 14 and 0 divided by the value on day 0. The improvement rates of the 10mWT and 6mWD were set as the main outcomes.Results: The data of 35 participants were analyzed. There was no significant difference in the main outcomes between both groups. As for intragroup changes, gait speed, stride length, stride duration, and cadence were improved significantly between days 0 and 14 in each group. There was no significant difference between the measured joint angle and the left-right angle ratio of symmetry within or between the groups. When assessing the interaction effect between the day of measurement and group, stride duration and cadence were more significantly improved in group A than in group B.Conclusions: The wearable curara® robot has the potential to improve gait function during stroke rehabilitation.Trial registration: Japan Registry of Clinical Trials (jRCTs032180163). Registered on February 22, 2019; https://jrct.niph.go.jp/en-latest-detail/jRCTs032180163UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN000034237). Registered on September 22, 2018; https://center6.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/icdr/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000038939
Exploring Knowledge of Parents about Cancer Symptoms in Children: An Observational Study Regarding the Need for Education Tools and Health Promotion in Low- and Middle- Income Countries
Authors: Uribe-Ortiz Leslie V. , Garza-Ornelas Bárbara M. , Vázquez-Fernández Ana C. , Castorena-Torres Fabiola , Rodríguez-De-Ita Julieta 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Although most cases of childhood cancer are unlikely to be prevented, by today's standards most children with cancer can now be cured. Yet, disparities about survival exist among countries; in Mexico, the overall survival is 49.6%, with 70% of childhood cancers diagnosed at advanced stages. It is essential that parents and caregivers have optimal knowledge of early signs and symptoms of childhood malignancies, as these are largely non-specific. The objective of this study was to explore the current knowledge of childhood cancer among a population of parents and caregivers in Mexico and identify the need for education and health promotion that low- and middle-income countries have.
Methods
An online survey of 112 parents and caregivers was conducted to assess their knowledge of childhood cancer, focusing on signs and symptoms and early diagnostic strategies.
Results
Sixty-nine (61.6%) mothers, 23 (20.5%) fathers, 17 (15.2%) familiar caregivers, and 3 (2.7%) non-familiar caregivers responded. Forty-six (41.1%) said they know a child diagnosed with cancer, 92.9% mentioned leukemia as the most common type of cancer in children, the most highly ranked option when asked which sign/symptom they considered as a warning for suspicion was swelling/lump in any part of the body, 97.3% considered that an early diagnosis is related to a higher cure rate, and 92.9% expressed the desire to receive reliable information about childhood cancer.
Conclusions
While parents and caregivers have some knowledge of childhood cancer, there are concepts that still need to be reinforced to improve their understanding of this group of diseases, as they are the frontline for children to seek medical attention. In the future, the use of tools that help in the education of a greater number of caregivers will strengthen knowledge and contribution regarding this issue, as well as promoting the generation of public policies that support the early diagnosis of childhood cancer.
Reoperation of Cushing’s Disease for Recurrence and Persistence without Visible MRI Finding
Authors: Wang Baofeng , Zheng Shuying , Ren Jie , Zhong Zhihong , Jiang Hong , Sun Qingfang , Su Tingwei , Wang Weiqing , Sun Yuhao , Bian Liuguan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Transsphenoidal surgery (TSS) is the first-line treatment for Cushing’s disease (CD), even with negative preoperative MRI results. It is not rare that patients experiencing hypercortisolism persistence or recurrence have negative MRI after the initial surgery. We aim to analyze the efficacy of repeat surgery in these two groups of patients and assess if there is association of the positive MRI finding with early remission.Patients and methods: Clinical, imaging and biochemical information from 42 patients who underwent repeat surgery by a single neurosurgeon between 2002 and 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The endocrinological, histopathological and surgical outcomes before and after the repeat surgery of 14 CD patients with negative MRI findings were compared with 28 patients with positive findings.Results: Immediate remission was achieved in 29 patients (69.0%) underwent repeat surgery. Of all patients, 28 (66.7%) had MRI findings consistent with solid lesion. There was no difference of remission rate between the recurrence group and the persistence group (77.8% vs. 57.1%, Odds Ratio = 2.625, 95% Confidence Interval =0.651 to 10.586). In patients with remission after the repeat surgery was not associated with the positive MRI finding (Odds Ratio = 3.667, 95% Confidence Interval = 0.920 to 14.622).Conclusions: In terms of recurrence, the repeat surgery with either positive or negative MRI showed a reasonable remission rate. For persistent disease with positive MRI finding, repeat surgery is still an option, while more solid evidence is needed to define if the negative MRI is predictor for failure reoperation of persistent hypercortisolism.
The multi-omics landscape and clinical relevance of the immunological signature of phagocytosis regulators: Implications for risk classification and frontline therapies in skin cutaneous melanoma
Authors: Xing Jiahua , Jia Ziqi , Li Yan , Han Yan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) have garnered considerable attention as therapeutic targets. Monoclonal antibody treatment directed against tumor antigens contributes significantly to cancer cell clearance by activating macrophages to phagocytose tumor cells. Compared to other skin malignancies, skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) has not yet achieved the expected clinical efficacy and prognosis, owing to its complicated genetic and molecular pathways. Therefore, we choose TAM as an entrance point. This work seeks to thoroughly evaluate the dysregulation and regulatory role of phagocytosis regulators in SKCM and elucidate their regulatory patterns in SKCM. The prognosis-related phagocytosis regulators were subtyped in this work to examine the prognostic differences between subtypes. Then, we screened prognostic factors and constructed phagocytosis-related scoring models for survival prediction using differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between subtypes. Additionally, we investigated alternative treatment options using chemotherapeutic drug response data and clinical cohort treatment data. We first characterize and generalize phagocytosis regulators in SKCM and extensively examine the tumor immune cell infiltration. We created two phagocytosis regulators related system (PRRS) phenotypes and derived PRRS scores using a principal component analysis (PCA) technique. We discovered that subtypes with low PRRS scores had a poor prognosis and decreased immune checkpoint-associated gene expression levels. We observed significant therapeutic and clinical improvements in patients with higher PRRS scores. Our findings imply that the PRRS scoring system can be employed as an independent and robust prognostic biomarker, serving as a critical reference point for developing novel immunotherapeutic methods.
Study on rapid extraction and detection of chlorpyrifos poisoning from green tea
Authors: TIAN Hai , FENG Yujie , YANG Xinfeng , LI Shuhuai , PANG Chaohai , MA Chen 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A simple, rapid, and environmentally friendly method has been established for the determination of chlorpyrifos residue in green tea by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction(DLLME) and gas chromatography-flame photometric detection (GC-FPD). Some experimental parameters that influence extraction efficiency, such as the kind and volume of disperser solvents and extraction solvents, extraction time, addition of salt and pH, were investigated. And the optimal experimental conditions were obtained, quantitative analysis was carried out using external standard method. The correlation coefficient of the calibration curves was 0.999 with in 0.05mg/kg to 5 mg/kg. The results showed that under the optimum conditions，the enrichment factors of the chlorpyrifos was about 484, the recoveries for standard addition fell in the range from 91.94% to 104.70% and the relative standard deviations (RSD) was 4.61%. The limit of quantification (LOQ) of chlorpyrifos in green tea was 0.02μg/ml at the signal/noise (S/N) ratio of 3.
Prognostic Signature: Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma With Poor Prognosis Has Enhanced Immune Escape Capacity And High Tumor Heterogeneity
Authors: Li Xinyang , Xie Zhenyu , Huang Yinde , Li Xin , He Yuzhen , Wu Song , Wang Shiyue , Chen Wenbin , He Yuchen , Zhang Jian 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is considered an inflammation-driven cancer. However, a systematic investigation of the relationship between the tumor immune microenvironment and the prognosis of PTC has not been conducted.
Methods
A prognostic model based on differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and progression-free survival (PFS) data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was established by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and multivariate Cox analyses. In total, 502 PTC cases were divided into low prognostic risk score (PR) (L-PR) and high PR (H-PR) groups according to the median PR. We then compared the immune characteristics between groups and verified these differences in five validation cohorts (GSE33630, GSE60542, GSE58545, GSE5364, and GSE27155). Furthermore, we explored cancer stem cells (CSCs) and the tumor mutation burden (TMB) to explain the prognostic results.
Results
A prognostic signature (PR) based on 13 DEGs performed well in prognostic prediction (5-year area under the curve (AUC) = 0.861). The PR was positively correlated with age, stage, T classification, metastasis, RAS mutation, and subtypes (follicular or tall cell PTC). Importantly, the H-PR group, which had poor prognostic features, exhibited four main characteristics: comprehensive weakening of the immune system that was not observed in the L-PR group, a higher ratio of tumor-promoting immune cells, more CSCs, and a higher TMB than the L-PR group. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) results also showed the enrichment of immune-related pathways in the L-PR group.
Conclusions
Our prognostic model can effectively predict the prognosis and revealed that immune escape and tumor heterogeneity in the tumor microenvironment (TME) could be mechanisms of poor prognosis in PTC.