bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robust Randomized Controlled Data Is Lacking in Total Joint Arthroplasty
Authors: Chen Zhongming , Bains Sandeep S. , Hameed Daniel , Dubin Jeremy A. , Stern Jonathan M. , Mont Michael A. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Introduction Randomized controlled trials (RCTs)are regarded as highest level of scientific evidence. There is belief that while prospective randomized control trials (PRCTs) are the gold standard for evaluating efficacy of interventions, there are very few conducted on lower extremity joint arthroplasty. However, there was a more than adequate amount (n=197) of published RCTs in knee arthroplasty during the 2021 calendar year. Therefore, we studied RCTs on knee arthroplasties for 2021 and assessed them for overall study topic reasons (i.e., devices as well as prostheses, rehabilitation, pain control, blood loss [tranexamic acid], and other), which were then subcategorized by: (1) country of origin; (2) sample size; and (3)whether or not they were follow-up studies. After this, we specifically focused on the studies (n=26) concerning devices or prostheses.
Methods A search of PubMed on “knee arthroplasty” specifying “RCT” using their search function and dates between January 1, 2021 to December 24, 2021 resulted in the analyzed reports. A total of 17.3% reports analyzed rehabilitation methods while 28.4% studied pain control. A total of 20.3% examined blood loss topics and 20.8% investigated other topics.
Results We found that 26 studies (13.2%) involved prosthetic design and implantation. Overall, only 15% knee arthroplasty RCTs were conducted in the United States, the mean total final sample size was 133±146 patients, and 7% were follow-up studies. None of the prostheses studies were performed in the United States, and the mean total final sample size of all of these studies was 86±54 patients, and 23% were follow-up studies. Total knee arthroplasty prospective RCTs were not performed in the United States.
Conclusion The authors believe that other study designs, such as database or registry analyses, are also appropriate in this rapidly advancing field of joint arthroplasty for the continuing evaluation and approval of new prostheses and techniques, while we await more PRCTs in our field.
Metacarpal Shortening with Intramedullary Screw Fixation: A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Kwan Stephanie A. , Wang William L. , Tulipan Jacob E. , Kachooei Amir , Beredjiklian Pedro K. , Rivlin Michael 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background Intramedullary screw fixation is a commonly used technique for the management of metacarpal fractures. However, compression across the fracture site can lead to unintentional shortening of the metacarpal.
Questions/Purposes Our aim was to evaluate the risk of overshortening with differing intramedullary device designs for fixation of metacarpals.
Methods The small finger metacarpal of nine fresh-frozen cadavers were included. A metacarpal neck fracture was simulated with a 5-mm osteotomy. Three different intramedullary screw designs were compared. Each screw was placed in a retrograde fashion into the intramedullary canal and the amount of shortening measured. Screws were reversed and the number of reverse turns with the screwdriver needed to release overshortening were measured.
Results The average shortening at the osteotomy site was 2.5 mm. The mean shortening was 80%, 58%, and 12% for the partially threaded screw, fully threaded screw, and threaded nail, respectively. The mean differences of the distance shortened were statistically significant for the threaded nail compared with the partially and fully threaded screws. The partially threaded screw had the most shortening, while the threaded nail provided the least amount of shortening. When the screws were reversed, the screws did not disengage until the screw was fully removed from the osteotomy site.
Conclusion The fully threaded nail demonstrates less shortening and possibly minimizes overshortening of fractures compared with partially threaded and fully threaded screw designs. Overshortening cannot be corrected by unscrewing the screw unless completely removed from the distal fragment.
Clinical Relevance Orthopaedic surgeons may select intermedullary screws based on the design that is suited for the particular metacarpal fracture pattern.
Clinical and Laboratory Evaluations of Patients Diagnosed as Having Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome Associated with Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Children: A Single Center Experience from Konya
Authors: Gençeli Mustafa , Akcan Özge Metin , Erdoğan Kübra Nur , Kiliç Ahmet Osman , Yazar Abdullah , Akin Fatih , Güneş Muhammed , Şap Fatih , Oflaz Mehmet Burhan , Feyzioğlu Bahadır 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Objective Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), characterized by fever, inflammation, and multiorgan dysfunction, was newly defined after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. The clinical spectrum of MIS-C can be classified as mild, moderate, and severe. We aimed to evaluate demographics, clinical presentations, laboratory findings, and treatment modalities of patients with MIS-C according to clinical severity.
Methods We performed a retrospective study of patients who were diagnosed as having MIS-C between September 2020 and October 2021 in the Necmettin Erbakan University Meram Faculty of Medicine, Türkiye.
Results A total of 48 patients (24 females and 24 males) with a median age at diagnosis of 10.3 years (range: 42 months–17 years) were enrolled, the most common clinical severity of MIS-C was moderate. The common presentations of patients were fever (97%), nonpurulent conjunctivitis (89.6%), rashes (81.3%), fatigue (81.3%), strawberry tongue (79.2%), and myalgia (68.8%). The most common laboratory findings were lymphopenia (81.2%), thrombocytopenia (54.1%), elevated D-dimer levels (89.5%), C-reactive protein (CRP; 100%), procalcitonin (97%), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (87.5%), ferritin (95.8%), interleukin 6 (IL-6) (86.1%), and probrain natriuretic peptide (pro-BNP) (97%). High levels of CRP, procalcitonin, pro-BNP, and urea were associated with the severity of MIS-C (p < 0.05). Fifteen of the patients were found to have pulmonary involvement. Ascites were the most common finding on abdominal ultrasonography (11 patients) and were not seen in a mild form of the disease. During the study period, two patients died.
Conclusion It is important to make patient-based decisions and apply a stepwise approach in treating patients with MIS-C due to the increased risk of complications and mortality.
Parkinson's Disease: Risk Factor Modification and Prevention
Authors: Rajan Suraj , Kaas Bonnie 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe global burden of Parkinson's disease (PD) has increased from 2.5 to 6.1 million since the 1990s. This is expected to rise as the world population ages and lives longer. With the current consensus on the existence of a prediagnostic phase of PD, which can be divided into a preclinical stage and a prodromal stage, we can better define the risk markers and prodromal markers of PD in the broader context of PD pathogenesis. Here, we review this pathogenetic process, and discuss the evidence behind various heritability factors, exposure to pesticides and farming, high dairy consumption, and traumatic brain injuries that have been known to raise PD risk. Physical activity, early active lifestyle, high serum uric acid, caffeine consumption, exposure to tobacco, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and calcium channel blockers, as well as the Mediterranean and the MIND diets are observed to lower PD risk. This knowledge, when combined with ways to identify at-risk populations and early prodromal PD patients, can help the clinician make practical recommendations. Most importantly, it helps us set the parameters for epidemiological studies and create the paradigms for clinical trials.
Reporting of outcomes and measures in studies of interventions to prevent and/or treat delirium in older adults resident in long-term care: a systematic review
Authors: Russell Gregor , Rana Namrata , Watts Rahul , Roshny Sefat , Siddiqi Najma , Rose Louise 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Objectives
to inform development of a core outcome set, we evaluated outcomes, definitions, measures and measurement time points in clinical trials of interventions to prevent and/or treat delirium in older adults resident in long-term care (LTC).

Data sources
we searched electronic databases, systematic review repositories and trial registries (1980 to 10 December 2021).

Study selection and data extraction
we included randomised, quasi-randomised and non-randomised intervention studies. We extracted data on study characteristics, outcomes and measurement features. We assessed outcome reporting quality using the MOMENT study scoring system. We categorised outcomes using the Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials taxonomy.

Data synthesis
we identified 18 studies recruiting 5,639 participants. All evaluated non-pharmacological interventions; most (16 studies, 89%) addressed delirium prevention. We identified 12 delirium-specific outcomes (mean [SD] 2.4 [1.5] per study), of which delirium incidence (14 studies, 78%) and severity (6 studies, 33%) were most common. We found heterogeneity in description of outcomes and measurement time points. The Confusion Assessment Method (three versions) was the most common measure used to ascertain delirium incidence (7 of 14 studies, 50%). We identified 25 non-delirium specific outcomes (mean [SD] 4.0 [2.3] per study), with hospital admission the most commonly reported (9 studies, 50%).

Conclusions
we identified few studies of interventions for the prevention or treatment of delirium in older adults resident in LTC. These studies were heterogeneous in the outcomes reported and measures used. These data inform the consensus-building stage of a core outcome set.
Compassion as an Agent of Historical Change
Authors: Barclay Katie 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Compassion plays a significant role in many historiographies because of its capacity to explain human motivation and action. Within the history of judicial punishment in particular, compassion is a key agent of change—a feeling with explanatory power for historians. With its call to historicize feeling, the history of emotions troubles such accounts, undercutting the human universalism that compassion’s explanatory power relies on. This article argues that an emotions history of early modern compassion leads us to draw quite different conclusions about not just the operation of early modern punishment but especially what changed with the decline of corporeal punishment and the rise of human rights in the eighteenth century. It reminds historians that the history of emotions is important not just for those in this subdiscipline but for any who use emotion to explain historical events.
Cancer subtyping with heterogeneous multi-omics data via hierarchical multi-kernel learning
Authors: Wei Yifang , Li Lingmei , Zhao Xin , Yang Haitao , Sa Jian , Cao Hongyan , Cui Yuehua 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Differentiating cancer subtypes is crucial to guide personalized treatment and improve the prognosis for patients. Integrating multi-omics data can offer a comprehensive landscape of cancer biological process and provide promising ways for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Taking the heterogeneity of different omics data types into account, we propose a hierarchical multi-kernel learning (hMKL) approach, a novel cancer molecular subtyping method to identify cancer subtypes by adopting a two-stage kernel learning strategy. In stage 1, we obtain a composite kernel borrowing the cancer integration via multi-kernel learning (CIMLR) idea by optimizing the kernel parameters for individual omics data type. In stage 2, we obtain a final fused kernel through a weighted linear combination of individual kernels learned from stage 1 using an unsupervised multiple kernel learning method. Based on the final fusion kernel, k-means clustering is applied to identify cancer subtypes. Simulation studies show that hMKL outperforms the one-stage CIMLR method when there is data heterogeneity. hMKL can estimate the number of clusters correctly, which is the key challenge in subtyping. Application to two real data sets shows that hMKL identified meaningful subtypes and key cancer-associated biomarkers. The proposed method provides a novel toolkit for heterogeneous multi-omics data integration and cancer subtypes identification.
Ultraliser: a framework for creating multiscale, high-fidelity and geometrically realistic 3D models for in silico neuroscience
Authors: Abdellah Marwan , Cantero Juan José García , Guerrero Nadir Román , Foni Alessandro , Coggan Jay S , Calì Corrado , Agus Marco , Zisis Eleftherios , Keller Daniel , Hadwiger Markus , Magistretti Pierre J , Markram Henry , Schürmann Felix 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Ultraliser is a neuroscience-specific software framework capable of creating accurate and biologically realistic 3D models of complex neuroscientific structures at intracellular (e.g. mitochondria and endoplasmic reticula), cellular (e.g. neurons and glia) and even multicellular scales of resolution (e.g. cerebral vasculature and minicolumns). Resulting models are exported as triangulated surface meshes and annotated volumes for multiple applications in in silico neuroscience, allowing scalable supercomputer simulations that can unravel intricate cellular structure–function relationships. Ultraliser implements a high-performance and unconditionally robust voxelization engine adapted to create optimized watertight surface meshes and annotated voxel grids from arbitrary non-watertight triangular soups, digitized morphological skeletons or binary volumetric masks. The framework represents a major leap forward in simulation-based neuroscience, making it possible to employ high-resolution 3D structural models for quantification of surface areas and volumes, which are of the utmost importance for cellular and system simulations. The power of Ultraliser is demonstrated with several use cases in which hundreds of models are created for potential application in diverse types of simulations. Ultraliser is publicly released under the GNU GPL3 license on GitHub (BlueBrain/Ultraliser).

Significance
There is crystal clear evidence on the impact of cell shape on its signaling mechanisms. Structural models can therefore be insightful to realize the function; the more realistic the structure can be, the further we get insights into the function. Creating realistic structural models from existing ones is challenging, particularly when needed for detailed subcellular simulations. We present Ultraliser, a neuroscience-dedicated framework capable of building these structural models with realistic and detailed cellular geometries that can be used for simulations.
Early postoperative non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and anastomotic leakage after oesophagectomy
Authors: Hirano Yuki , Konishi Takaaki , Kaneko Hidehiro , Itoh Hidetaka , Matsuda Satoru , Kawakubo Hirofumi , Uda Kazuaki , Matsui Hiroki , Fushimi Kiyohide , Daiko Hiroyuki , Itano Osamu , Yasunaga Hideo , Kitagawa Yuko 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
Previous studies have suggested that postoperative non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use may increase the risk of anastomotic leakage after colorectal surgery. However, the association between NSAIDs and anastomotic leakage after oesophagectomy is unclear. The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the effect of early postoperative NSAID use on anastomotic leakage after oesophagectomy.

Methods
The Data of patients who underwent oesophagectomy for cancer between July 2010 and March 2019 were extracted from a Japanese nationwide inpatient database. Stabilized inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW), propensity score matching, and instrumental variable analyses were performed to investigate the association between NSAID use in the early postoperative period (defined as the day of and the day after surgery) and short-term outcomes, adjusting for potential confounders. The primary outcome was anastomotic leakage. The secondary outcomes were acute kidney injury, gastrointestinal bleeding, and mortality.

Results
Among 39 418 eligible patients, early postoperative NSAIDs were used by 16 211 individuals (41 per cent). Anastomotic leakage occurred in 5729 patients (15 per cent). In stabilized IPTW analyses, NSAIDs were not associated with anastomotic leakage (odds ratio 1.04, 95 per cent c.i. 0.97 to 1.10). The proportions of acute kidney injury and gastrointestinal bleeding, as well as 30-day mortality and in-hospital mortality, did not differ according to NSAID use. Propensity score matching and instrumental variable analyses demonstrated similar results.

Conclusion
Early postoperative NSAID use was not associated with anastomotic leakage or other complications in patients who underwent oesophagectomy.
Ideological Dilemmas in Social Work: Justice Social Workers in Scotland Talk about Gender in Practice
Authors: Kirkwood Steve , Mullins Eve , McCulloch Trish , Cree Viviene E 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
It has long been acknowledged that gender matters in social work, not least within justice social work, given the over-representation of men within the criminal justice system. Whilst there is significant theorising about the role of gender in criminal justice, there has been little empirical examination of how social workers understand and address gender in practice. This article sets out to redress this omission by introducing a novel study of the expressed views of justice social workers (JSWs) in Scotland on gender in their work. The findings are challenging. They demonstrate that JSWs talk about gender in complex and, at times, seemingly inconsistent ways; the concept of ideological dilemmas is used as a vehicle through which to interrogate this further. Our conclusions suggest that it is not necessary to resolve the conflicts and complexities that are an inevitable response to, and expression of, the multiple and often competing discourses within which JSW practitioners operate on a daily basis, but we do need to make space for these conflicts in practice. A person-centred approach to gender, and an intersectional approach to understanding personhood, offer a way forward, allowing insight into the complex and demanding environment within which JSWs function.
Risk and aversion coding in human habenula high gamma activity
Authors: Manssuer Luis , Ding Qiong , Zhang Yingying , Gong Hengfeng , Liu Wei , Yang Ruoqi , Zhang Chencheng , Zhao Yijie , Pan Yixin , Zhan Shikun , Li Dianyou , Sun Bomin , Voon Valerie 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Neurons in the primate lateral habenula fire in response to punishments and are inhibited by rewards. Through its modulation of midbrain monoaminergic activity, the habenula is believed to play an important role in adaptive behavioural responses to punishment and underlie depressive symptoms and their alleviation with ketamine. However, its role in value-based decision-making in humans is poorly understood due to limitations with non-invasive imaging methods which measure metabolic, not neural, activity with poor temporal resolution.
Here, we overcome these limitations to more closely bridge the gap between species by recording local field potentials directly from the habenula in 12 human patients receiving deep brain stimulation treatment for bipolar disorder (n = 4), chronic pain (n = 3), depression (n = 3) and schizophrenia (n = 2). This allowed us to record neural activity during value-based decision-making tasks involving monetary rewards and losses.
High-frequency gamma (60–240 Hz) activity, a proxy for population-level spiking involved in cognitive computations, increased during the receipt of loss and decreased during receipt of reward. Furthermore, habenula high gamma also encoded risk during decision-making, being larger in amplitude for high compared to low risk. For both risk and aversion, differences between conditions peaked approximately between 400 and 750 ms after stimulus onset.
The findings not only demonstrate homologies with the primate habenula but also extend its role to human decision-making, showing its temporal dynamics and suggesting revisions to current models. The findings suggest that habenula high gamma could be used to optimize real-time closed-loop deep brain stimulation treatment for mood disturbances and impulsivity in psychiatric disorders.
Inborn errors of human IKAROS: LOF and GOF variants associated with primary immunodeficiency
Authors: Kuehn Hye Sun , Boast Brigette , Rosenzweig Sergio D 
Published: November 2022

Summary
IKAROS/IKZF1 plays a pivotal role in lymphocyte differentiation and development. Germline mutations in IKZF1, which have been shown to be associated with primary immunodeficiency, can be classified through four different mechanisms of action depending on the protein expression and its functional defects: haploinsufficiency, dimerization defective, dominant negative, and gain of function. These different mechanisms are associated with variable degrees of susceptibility to infectious diseases, autoimmune disorders, allergic diseases, and malignancies. To date, more than 30 heterozygous IKZF1 germline variants have been reported in patients with primary immunodeficiency. Here we review recent discoveries and clinical/immunological characterization of IKAROS-associated diseases that are linked to different mechanisms of action in IKAROS function.
Evaluation of the US Definitions for Coronavirus Disease 2019 Community Risk Levels
Authors: Mokhtar Sina , Parpia Alyssa S , Lo Nathan C , Ndeffo-Mbah Martial L 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) defines a county metric of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) community levels to inform public health measures. We find that the COVID-19 community levels vary frequently over time, which may not be optimal for decision making. Alternative metric formulations that do not compromise predictive ability are shown to reduce variability.
Reliability Analysis of the Cactus-Based Networks Based on Subsystem
Authors: Liu Xiaoqing , Zhou Shuming , Liu Jiafei , Zhang Hong 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Multiprocessor systems play a significant role in big data era. As the probability of presence of processor failures in a multiprocessor system raises with the increase of the system scale, the effect of processor failure is worthy of quantifying. The subsystem reliability of a multiprocessor system is the probability that a fault-free subsystem of certain size still operate with the rise of individual faults. In this work, we employ the probabilistic fault model and the Principle of Inclusion-Exclusion (PIE) to establish the approximation and upper bound on the subsystem reliability of the cactus-based networks through decomposition into $(n-1)$-dimensional subsystems by fixing one position-pair. Numerical simulations show that the upper bound derived in this way is close to the approximation of the accurate subsystem reliability.