bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient assembly of long DNA fragments and multiple genes with improved nickase‐based cloning and Cre/loxP recombination
Authors: Zhao Yanchang , Han Jingluan , Tan Jiantao , Yang Yaqian , Li Shuangchun , Gou Yajun , Luo Yuyu , Li Tie , Xiao Wenyu , Xue Yang , Hao Yu , Xie Xianrong , Liu Yao‐Guang , Zhu Qinlong 
Published: June 2022

SummaryFunctional genomics, synthetic biology and metabolic engineering require efficient tools to deliver long DNA fragments or multiple gene constructs. Although numerous DNA assembly methods exist, most are complicated, time‐consuming and expensive. Here, we developed a simple and flexible strategy, unique nucleotide sequence‐guided nicking endonuclease (UNiE)‐mediated DNA assembly (UNiEDA), for efficient cloning of long DNAs and multigene stacking. In this system, a set of unique 15‐nt 3′ single‐strand overhangs were designed and produced by nicking endonucleases (nickases) in vectors and insert sequences. We introduced UNiEDA into our modified Cre/loxP recombination‐mediated TransGene Stacking II (TGSII) system to generate an improved multigene stacking system we call TGSII‐UNiE. Using TGSII‐UNiE, we achieved efficient cloning of long DNA fragments of different sizes and assembly of multiple gene cassettes. Finally, we engineered and validated the biosynthesis of betanin in wild tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana) leaves and transgenic rice (Oryza sativa) using multigene stacking constructs based on TGSII‐UNiE. In conclusion, UNiEDA is an efficient, convenient and low‐cost method for DNA cloning and multigene stacking, and the TGSII‐UNiE system has important application prospects for plant functional genomics, genetic engineering and synthetic biology research.
Effects of a lifestyle counselling intervention on adherence to lifestyle changes 7 years after stroke – A quasi‐experimental study
Authors: Oikarinen Anne , Engblom Janne , Paukkonen Leila , Kääriäinen Maria , Kaakinen Pirjo , Kähkönen Outi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundAdherence to medication and healthy lifestyle is crucial for preventing secondary strokes and other vascular events. However, there is not enough evidence on the long‐term effects of hospital‐initiated lifestyle counselling.AimTo determine the effects of The Risk Factor Targeted Lifestyle Counselling Intervention, which is implemented during acute hospitalisation, on adherence to lifestyle changes 7 years after stroke or TIA.MethodsQuasi‐experimental design with 7‐year follow‐up period. Baseline data (n = 150) were gathered from a neurology unit in Finland between 2010 and 2011. Patients received either the studied intervention (n = 75) or the prevailing form of counselling at the time (n = 75). Data concerning lifestyle and clinical values were measured at the baseline time point, while adherence to lifestyle changes was assessed 7 years later (2017–2018). Analysis of covariance and multivariate ordinal logistic regression were used to describe the mean differences between the intervention and control groups.ResultsSeveral between‐group differences were detected, namely, members of the intervention group reported consuming less alcohol and having lost more weight during hospitalisation relative to the control group. No between‐group differences in the prevalence of smokers were found, but the intervention group reported a greater number of daily cigarettes than the control group. Adherence to medication, importance of adherence to a healthy lifestyle, support from family and friends, and support from nurses were all significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group.ConclusionsThe results suggest that the lifestyle counselling intervention was effective in decreasing alcohol use and weight, as well as increasing factors that are known to support adherence to a healthy lifestyle.Relevance to clinical practiceThe results indicate that the adherence process already begins during acute phase counselling. To ensure long‐lasting lifestyle changes, counselling should be started at the hospital, after which it can be provided by friends and family members.
High‐resolution map of plastid‐encoded RNA polymerase binding patterns demonstrates a major role of transcription in chloroplast gene expression
Authors: Palomar V. Miguel , Jaksich Sarah , Fujii Sho , Kuciński Jan , Wierzbicki Andrzej T. 
Published: June 2022

SUMMARYPlastids contain their own genomes, which are transcribed by two types of RNA polymerases. One of those enzymes is a bacterial‐type, multi‐subunit polymerase encoded by the plastid genome. The plastid‐encoded RNA polymerase (PEP) is required for efficient expression of genes encoding proteins involved in photosynthesis. Despite the importance of PEP, its DNA binding locations have not been studied on the genome‐wide scale at high resolution. We established a highly specific approach to detect the genome‐wide pattern of PEP binding to chloroplast DNA using plastid chromatin immunoprecipitation–sequencing (ptChIP‐seq). We found that in mature Arabidopsis thaliana chloroplasts, PEP has a complex DNA binding pattern with preferential association at genes encoding rRNA, tRNA, and a subset of photosynthetic proteins. Sigma factors SIG2 and SIG6 strongly impact PEP binding to a subset of tRNA genes and have more moderate effects on PEP binding throughout the rest of the genome. PEP binding is commonly enriched on gene promoters, around transcription start sites. Finally, the levels of PEP binding to DNA are correlated with levels of RNA accumulation, which demonstrates the impact of PEP on chloroplast gene expression. Presented data are available through a publicly available Plastid Genome Visualization Tool (Plavisto) at https://plavisto.mcdb.lsa.umich.edu/.
Effect of special operational forces surgical resuscitation teams on combat casualty survival: A narrative review
Authors: Beckett Andrew , Parker Paul , Naveed Asad , Williams Phillip , Tien Homer 
Published: June 2022

AbstractImportanceThe most common cause of preventable death on the conventional battlefield or on special operations force (SOF) missions is hemorrhage. SOF missions may take place in remote and austere locations. Many preventable deaths in combat occur within 30 min of wounding. Therefore, SOF damage control resuscitation (DCR) and damage control surgery (DCS) teams may improve combat casualty survival in the SOF environment.ObjectiveTo determine the effect of SOF DCR and DCS teams on combat casualty survival. Also, to describe commonalities in team structure, logistics, and blood product usage.DesignA narrative review of the English literature used a Medline and Embase search strategy. The authors were contacted for more details as required. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration's ROBINS‐I tool. Pooling of data was not done to the heterogeneity of studies.ResultsWeak evidence was identified showing a clinical benefit of SOF DCR and DCS teams. Conflicting evidence from less rigorous studies was also found. The overall risk of bias using ROBINS‐I was serious to critical. Several commonalities in team structure, training, and logistics were found.Conclusions and RelevanceThere is conflicting evidence regarding the effect SOF DCR and DCS teams have on combat casualty survival. There is no strong evidence that SOF DCR and DCS teams cause harm. More robust data collection is recommended to evaluate these teams.
Real exchange rate shocks and new product margins in the export market
Authors: Hahn Chin Hee , Pyun Ju Hyun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study examines the impact of industry real exchange rate (RER) shocks on plant and product exports using a comprehensive dataset for South Korea from 1990 to 1996. We find that RER changes have heterogeneous effects on real exports of existing exporters in terms of their productivity, and the positive RER depreciation effect on exports is more pronounced for less productive plants. At a product level, we find new evidence that a weak home currency prompts exporters to introduce new products to the export market, especially more remarkable for low‐productivity plants. In contrast, a strong home currency leads to product exit with less significance.
A Theoretical Model to Predict Pool Boiling Critical Heat Flux for Micro/Nano-Structured Surfaces
Authors: Bharadwaj A. , Misra R. D. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Accurate estimation of critical heat flux (CHF) is essential in determining the maximum heat a boiling system is capable of extracting. This study presents a theoretical model for predicting CHF over microchannel, unidirectionally roughened, and coated surfaces. The researchers started developing theoretical models on this phenomenon considering the hydrodynamic instability. However, effects of parameters like capillarity, wettability, wicking ability, and surface geometry have been considered in the theoretical models developed in recent years. In the present work, a theoretical model has been developed to predict the CHF for pool boiling applications by combining these factors. The capillary effect causes the liquid microlayer beneath the evaporating bubble to occupy the dry spot and thus delay CHF. Hence, in this model, the capillary force has been added along with the momentum, hydrostatic, and surface tension forces acting at the liquid–vapor interface on the evaporating vapor bubble. The roughness factor has also been factored in with the contact angle to incorporate the effect of change in contact area of the solid–liquid interface in rough surfaces. The results from the model agree with the results of previously conducted experimental studies with 20% accuracy. The correlation is primarily derived for microchannels and has also been extended to randomly roughened surfaces with micro/nanostructures.
Trends in Political Islam: Transition towards Liberalization
Authors: Khairullin T. R. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The evolution of Islamism/political Islam as an ideological system is analyzed. This system was formed in the 1970s‒1980s and initially played the role of a progressive and alternative model, replacing the previously dominant ideas of Arab nationalism. However, the Islamists failed to fully achieve one of their main goals—the creation of an Islamic state—because of the deterrence of secular authoritarian states. The events in the Persian Gulf and the temporary drop in oil prices in the late 1990s aggravated the ideological crisis of Islamism and led to its rethinking. As a solution, a more liberal version of Islamism was proposed in the form of post-Islamism, which combined Islamic and democratic principles and was focused on duties rather than human rights. The next milestone in liberalizing Islamist ideas was the events of the Arab Spring, which led to a rethinking of post-Islamist ideas, as well as the liberalization and politization of the Salafi doctrine. Moreover, the failures of a number of Islamist parties in achieving political power, as well as the activities of radical Islamist groups, discredited Islamism among the population of the Middle East and North Africa. It is likely that the next crisis of Islamism will lead to its further liberalization or the formation of a new ideological model.
ETHNICITY AND POLITICS: TERMINOLOGICAL DEBATES AND NODAL POINTS OF INTERSECTION
Authors: Oskolkov P. V. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
A critical interpretation of the existing academic texts devoted to various phenomena related to ethnic politics raises the following questions: what are the criteria for ethnicity? What are the nodal points of intersection of ethnicity and politics? Based on the constructivist interpretation of ethnicity as a changeable concept that cannot be reduced to cultural and linguistic originality, the definition of an ethnic group as a social group that has distinctive cultural features (in the broadest sense) and the idea of the hereditary transmission of group membership is proposed. Based on this definition, it is proposed not to limit the subject field of ethnopolitical science to the interaction of the state with ethnic groups, but to include populism (in the form of right-wing populism, understood as ethnopopulism) and nationalism (as a product of ethnic mobilization). Particular attention is paid to regionalism as a particular but very important case of nationalism. The conclusions are supported by examples from Western European political practice. Based on the extremely inclusive constructivist definition of ethnicity, it is possible and necessary to understand the subject field of ethnopolitical science as broadly as possible in order to strengthen its position in the circle of sociopolitical disciplines, in particular, in studying sociopolitical processes in the European Union.
Angela Merkel’s Leadership Lessons: the Secret of Political Longevity (2013‒2021)
Authors: Timoshenkova E. P. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The article examines the phenomenon of the political longevity of German Chancellor Angela Merkel. The subject of the study is the second period of her chancellorship (2013–2021), as few German leaders have managed to stay in office longer than two terms. The author analyses in detail what objective factors and personal qualities helped Merkel to win the 2013 and 2017 elections, overcome declining personal popularity and objective voter fatigue, and get through all crises, including the migration crisis and COVID-19. The article examines how the tactics and strategy of the first female chancellor have transformed in response to changing political conditions. It explores the tools with which Merkel built her image as nonpartisan leader of the nation, and how she became a hostage to the image she created in 2015. The decision to accept refugees was a turning point in Merkel’s career; thus, the author pays particular attention to the ways in which she helped maintain her chancellorship. The paper uses the theory of how women’s leadership differs from men’s. The conclusion is drawn that Merkel developed her own special personal method of securing power and maintaining the image she needs. The main secret of her success is not the use of force but quick learning and adaptation, based on her instinct for political survival.
Non-Agricultural Crafts in the Peasant Farms of the Northwestern Provinces of Russia in the Second Half of the 19th and Early 20th Centuries
Authors: Nikulin Valery 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This article presents the results of a study of nonagricultural crafts of peasants in the postreform period in the northwestern region of the Russian Empire, which included the Novgorod, Pskov, and St. Petersburg provinces. A general description of the craft activities of peasants during the period of rapid formation and development of bourgeois relations in the country’s economy in the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries is given. The objects of study are the most significant local crafts of peasants and the otkhodnichestvo (the temporary departure of peasants from their permanent residences in villages to earn money in regions where industry and agriculture were well developed) of farmers. The factors that determined the dynamics of the development of crafts, the place of craft income in the budget of the peasant economy, the evolution and direction of the otkhodnichestvo, and the influence of crafts on the socioeconomic situation of the northwestern countryside are studied. This approach makes it possible to identify both general trends and features of the development of peasant local and seasonal crafts in the northwestern countryside over a long period of time, as well as determine the local specifics of the transformation of crafts. This article is written based on an extensive corpus of both published and archival materials, a significant part of which was introduced in scientific publications for the first time.
Exploration of whether socioeconomic factors affect the results of priority setting partnerships: updating the top 10 research priorities for the management of Parkinson’s in an international setting
Authors: Bowring Francesca , Welch Jessica , Woodward Charlotte , Lo Christine , Lawton Michael , Sulzer Patricia , Hanff Anne-Marie , Kruger Rejko , Liepelt-Scarfone Inga , Hu Michele T 
Published: June 2022

ObjectivesExplore whether socioeconomic differences of patients affect the prioritisation of pre-existing research questions and explore the agreement between healthcare professionals (HCP) and patients in priority setting partnerships (PSPs).Design and settingProspective, three centre survey across UK (400 participants), Tuebingen (176 participants) and Luxembourg (303 participants). People with Parkinson’s (PwP), research participants, relatives and HCP associated with three Parkinson’s cohort studies were invited to participate, along with linked centres (clinical care settings, research groups, charities). Responders were encouraged to pass on the survey to friends/families/carers.MethodsThe survey involved rating the importance of research questions on a Likert scale, allowing for the generation of one new question participants felt was particularly important. Collection of demographic information allowed for comparisons of priorities across a range of socioeconomic variables; the top 10 research priorities for each group were then compared. Questions added by participants were subject to a thematic analysis.Results879 participants completed the survey (58% PwP, 22% family/friends, 13% HCP, 4% carers). Finding the best form of physiotherapy for PwP was the number one priority across the majority of analyses. HCP were the only subgroup not to place physiotherapy in the top 10. Factors most likely to affect prioritisation in PwP included educational level, presence of carer support and disease duration. There was little difference between other socioeconomic categories.ConclusionsSocioeconomic factors modestly influenced some research priority ratings but did not significantly affect the top priority in most comparisons. Future studies must ensure patients from a range of socioeconomic backgrounds are recruited, ensuring results generalisable to the public while also identifying any key disparities in prioritisation. PSP should also take care that HCP do not skew results during prioritisation of questions, as in this study the most important priority to patients was not identified by professionals.
Structural validity and internal consistency of the Patient Centred Assessment Method in a primary care setting in a Japanese island area: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Sugiyama Yoshifumi , Mutai Rieko , Yoshimoto Hisashi , Horiguchi Ryoko , Yoshida Shuhei , Matsushima Masato 
Published: June 2022

ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to examine the structural validity and internal consistency of the original English version of the Patient Centred Assessment Method (PCAM) in a primary care setting in a Japanese island area.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingA clinic on a remote island in Okinawa, Japan, that provides general outpatient and 24-hour emergency services.ParticipantsThis study included 355 patients who visited Tarama Clinic from 1 April 2018 to 30 June 2018, were aged ≥20 years, lived in Tarama Village and had decision-making capacity.Main outcome measuresPatient complexity scored by the PCAM.ResultsThe mean (SD) PCAM score was 21.4 (5.7). The distribution was skewed to the right and there were no ceiling and floor effects. Confirmatory factor analysis found that the previously reported two-factor and three-factor structures did not show a good fit (root mean square error of approximation 0.18 and 0.16, comparative fit index 0.83 and 0.89 and standardised root mean square residual 0.14 and 0.11, respectively). Exploratory factor analysis revealed a new two-factor structure: ‘Biomedical complexity’ and ‘Psychosocial complexity’. The Cronbach’s alpha values for the total PCAM score, the ‘Biomedical complexity’ factor, and the ‘Psychosocial complexity’ factor were 0.81, 0.82 and 0.74, respectively.ConclusionsIn this study, confirmatory factor analysis found that the data did not fit sufficiently using the previously reported two-factor and three-factor structures. Instead, exploratory factor analysis revealed a new two-factor structure, for which the Cronbach’s alpha values exceeded the threshold level. Therefore, the structural validity and internal consistency of the English version of the PCAM were verified in a primary care setting in a Japanese island area.
Technology to improve reliable access to oxygen in Western Uganda: study protocol for a phased implementation trial in neonatal and paediatric wards
Authors: Bagayana Sheillah , Subhi Rami , Moore Graham , Mugerwa Joseph , Peake David , Nakintu Eleanor , Murokora Daniel , Rassool Roger , Sklar Marc , Graham Hamish , Sobott Bryn 
Published: June 2022

IntroductionOxygen is an essential medicine for children and adults. The current systems for its delivery can be expensive and unreliable in settings where oxygen is most needed. FREO2 Foundation Australia has developed an integrated oxygen system, driven by a mains-powered oxygen concentrator, with the ability to switch automatically between low-pressure oxygen storage device and cylinder oxygen in power interruptions. The aim of this study is to assess the clinical impact and cost-effectiveness of expanding this system to 20 community and district hospitals and level IV facilities in Western Uganda.Methods and analysisThis will be a phased implementation with preintervention and postintervention comparison of outcomes. Standardised baseline data collection and needs assessment will be conducted, followed by implementation of the FREO2 Oxygen System in combination with pulse oximetry in 1–2 facilities per month over a 16-month period, with a total 23-month data collection period. The primary outcome will be the proportion of hypoxaemic children receiving oxygen pre and post oxygen system. Secondary outcomes will assess clinical, economic and technical aspects. Pre and post oxygen system primary and secondary outcomes will be compared using regression models and standard tests of significance. Useability will be quantitatively and qualitatively evaluated in terms of acceptability, feasibility and appropriateness, using standardised implementation outcome measure tools.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval was obtained from Mbarara University of Science and Technology (MUREC 1/7) and the University of Melbourne (2021-14489-13654-2). Outcomes will be presented to the involved facilities, and to representatives of the Ministry of Health, Uganda. Broader dissemination will include publication in peer-reviewed journals and academic conference presentations.Trial registration numberACTRN12621000241831.