bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cell cycle arrest induced by trichoplein depletion is independent of cilia assembly
Authors: Huang Min , Kong Xinlong , Tang Zaiming , Lin Zaisheng , He Ruida , Cao Muqing , Zhang Xiujuan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCilia assembly and centriole duplication are closely coordinated with cell cycle progression, and inhibition of cilia disassembly impedes cell cycle progression. The centrosomal protein trichoplein (TCHP) has been shown to promote cell cycle progression in the G1‐S phase by disassembling cilia. In this study, we showed that deletion of TCHP not only prevented the progression to the S phase but also resulted in cell cycle exit and entrance into G0 phase. Surprisingly, we found that loss of TCHP‐induced G0 arrest could not be reversed by blocking the assembly of cilia. In cells without IFT20 or CEP164, two genes encoding key factors for ciliogenesis, depletion of TCHP still led to G0 arrest. Mechanistically, we also found that TCHP depletion‐induced cell cycle arrest was not mediated through a centrosome surveillance mechanism, but inhibition of Rb or concomitant inhibition of both Rb and p53 signaling pathways was required to reverse the cell cycle phenotype. In conclusion, our study provides new insights into the function of TCHP in cell cycle progression.
How misinformation taints our belief system: A focus on belief updating and relational reasoning
Authors: Chaxel Anne‐Sophie 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis commentary complements Stanley et al.'s (2022) target article by concentrating on the process of false belief construction and its associated cognitive mechanisms. It also concurs with the target article that a deeper understanding of the cognitive mechanisms by which consumers revise their truth judgments in view of new evidence is needed. Specifically, this essay develops two main dimensions: the first about what we know from the actual construction of truth judgments; the second about what we know from the cognitive mechanisms by which truth judgments are constructed. Particularly on this second dimension, I develop the idea that relational reasoning is key to understanding how individuals integrate new information within their internal belief systems. These two dimensions are both process‐minded, yet one is about how beliefs evolve over time, whereas the other is about the cognitive mechanisms that underlie belief construction. Overall, an understanding of these two elements is crucial to finding behavioral interventions that may curb the spread of misinformation.
Evaluation of barriers to referral for cancer predisposition syndromes in pediatric oncology patients in the United States
Authors: Venier Rosemarie E. , Grubs Robin E. , Kessler Elena , Cooper Kristine L. , Bailey Kelly M. , Meade Julia 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCancer predisposition syndromes (CPS) are underdiagnosed in the pediatric population, though the diagnosis of a CPS has important implications for the child and their family. CPS are often diagnosed by geneticists or oncologists with expertise in CPS following a malignancy. This requires a member of the care team, most commonly, the treating oncologist to suspect a CPS and refer the patient for CPS assessment. An online survey was distributed to members of the Children's Oncology Group to elucidate current referral practices and barriers to referral for patients suspected to have a CPS. Of the 183 respondents, 86.1% was pediatric oncologists and most (68.5%) used formal guidelines to aid in assessment. Most respondents indicated they would rarely refer patients with tumors highly associated with CPS for genetic assessment. Participants were more likely to refer patients with malignancy and additional features of a CPS than for a specific type of cancer, despite the use of guidelines. Parent knowledge of family history was considered the most challenging barrier to obtaining a family history, though a thorough pedigree was not consistently elicited. Providers indicated the most significant barrier to referral for CPS assessment was priority given the patient's immediate care needs. Identification of these barriers provides direction to focus efforts to increase referrals. Provider education about CPS, clear referral guidelines, and implementation of or increased collaboration with a genetic counselor in the pediatric oncology clinic may encourage CPS assessment and enable oncologists to focus on the patient's immediate care needs.
Engagement in the pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) cascade among a respondent‐driven sample of sexually active men who have sex with men and transgender women during early PrEP implementation in Zimbabwe
Authors: Parmley Lauren E. , Harris Tiffany G. , Chingombe Innocent , Mapingure Munyaradzi , Mugurungi Owen , Rogers John H. , Gozhora Perpetua , Wu Yingfeng , Samba Chesterfield , Musuka Godfrey , Hakim Avi J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionZimbabwe is scaling up pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for key populations, including men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TGW). To assess implementation and inform HIV programming, we evaluated gaps in PrEP awareness, uptake and use, and correlates of awareness and uptake among a sample of MSM, TGW and genderqueer individuals (GQ) in Harare and Bulawayo, Zimbabwe.MethodsRespondent‐driven sampling was used to recruit 1194 MSM and 344 TGW/GQ aged ≥18 to participate in a cross‐sectional survey assessing HIV‐related outcomes in 2019. Consenting participants completed a questionnaire on socio‐demographic information, sexual risk practices and engagement in HIV services and underwent HIV testing. Descriptive statistics were used to assess the PrEP cascade. Multiple logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with PrEP awareness and uptake among HIV‐negative participants. Data were unweighted as the sample did not reach convergence on key estimates.ResultsAmong the 1167 HIV‐negative participants, most (79.2%) were MSM compared to TGW/GQ (20.8%). Median age was 24 years. Overall, 45.8% were aware of PrEP and of those, 31.3% had ever taken PrEP. Most (71.1%) reporting never taking PrEP were willing to start PrEP; the main reasons for never starting PrEP included not knowing where to access it (24.8%) and fearing side effects (20.4%). Among those who had ever taken PrEP, 74.9% had taken PrEP in the last 6 months; of these, 42.4% had taken PrEP the day of or day preceding the survey. Side effects represented the most common (59.5%) reason for discontinuing PrEP. MSM (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 2.5, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.8–3.6) and TGW/GQ in Harare (aOR: 3.1, 95% CI: 2.1–4.7), and TGW/GQ in Bulawayo (aOR: 2.4, 95% CI: 1.1–5.3) had higher awareness of PrEP than MSM in Bulawayo. Overall, TGW/GQ were more likely to have ever taken PrEP compared to MSM (aOR: 1.6, 95% CI: 1.01–2.4).ConclusionsFindings emphasize the need for tailored interventions to promote PrEP among key populations. As HIV programs in Zimbabwe continue to expand PrEP services, these data, including barriers to starting and continuing PrEP, can inform strategies to address gaps along the PrEP cascade.
Irregular porous titanium enhances implant stability and bone ingrowth in an intra‐articular ovine model
Authors: Changoor Adele , Suderman R. Peter , Alshaygy Ibrahim , Fuhrmann Ariel , Akens Margarete K. , Safir Oleg , Grynpas Marc D. , Kuzyk Paul R. T. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTwo commercially available porous coatings, Gription and Porocoat, were compared for the first time in a challenging intra‐articular, weight‐bearing, ovine model. Gription has evolved from Porocoat and has higher porosity, coefficient of friction, and microtextured topography, which are expected to enhance bone ingrowth. Cylindrical implants were press‐fit into the weight‐bearing regions of ovine femoral condyles and bone ingrowth and fixation strength evaluated 4, 8, and 16 weeks postoperatively. Biomechanical push‐out tests were performed on lateral femoral condyles (LFCs) to evaluate the strength of the bone‐implant interface. Bone ingrowth was assessed in medial femoral condyles (MFCs) as well as implants retrieved from LFCs following biomechanical testing using backscattered electron microscopy and histology. By 16 weeks, Gription‐coated implants exhibited higher force (2455 ± 1362 vs. 1002 ± 1466 N;p = 0.046) and stress (12.60 ± 6.99 vs. 5.14 ± 7.53 MPa;p = 0.046) at failure, and trended towards higher stiffness (11,510 ± 7645 vs. 5010 ± 8374 N/mm;p = 0.061) and modulus of elasticity (591 ± 392 vs. 256 ± 431 MPa;p = 0.061). A strong, positive correlation was detected between bone ingrowth in LFC implants and failure force (r = 0.93,p < 10−13). By 16 weeks, bone ingrowth in Gription‐coated implants in MFCs was 10.50 ± 6.31% compared to 5.88 ± 2.77% in Porocoat (p = 0.095). Observations of the bone‐implant interface, made following push‐out testing, showed more bony material consistently adhered to Gription compared to Porocoat at all three time points. Gription provided superior fixation strength and bone ingrowth by 16 weeks.
Sleep patterns of patients receiving home parenteral nutrition: A home‐based observational study
Authors: Dashti Hassan S. , Godbole Meghna , Chen Angela , Mogensen Kris M. , Leong Aaron , Burns David L. , Winkler Marion F. , Saxena Richa , Compher Charlene 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundPatients supported with home parenteral nutrition (HPN) often report poor sleep; however, limited research has been conducted to objectively measure sleep patterns of HPN‐dependent patients.MethodsWe aimed to characterize the sleep patterns of patients receiving HPN through 7‐day actigraphy in a home‐based observational study. Sleep measures of clinical importance were derived from actigraphy, including sleep duration, sleep efficiency, sleep onset latency, and wake after sleep onset. Participants also completed validated sleep surveys.ResultsTwenty participants completed all study procedures (mean [SD]: age = 51.6 [13.9] years, body mass index = 21.4  [4.6], and 80% female). The population median (IQR) for sleep duration, sleep efficiency, sleep onset latency, and wake after sleep onset was 6.9 (1.1) h, 83.3% (7.8%), 11.8 (7.1) min, and 57.2 (39.9) min, respectively, and 55%, 60%, 35%, and 100% of participants did not meet the recommendations for these measures from the National Sleep Foundation. Sixty‐five percent of participants reported napping at least once during the 7‐day period. Based on the Insomnia Severity Index, 70% of participants were classified as having subthreshold or more severe insomnia. Based on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, 85% were classified as having significant sleep disturbance.ConclusionMost HPN‐dependent patients likely have disrupted sleep largely driven by difficulty maintaining sleep. The extent to which HPN contributed to poor sleep cannot be elucidated from this observational study. Addressing known factors that contribute to sleep disruption and considering sleep interventions may improve the overall quality of life of patients receiving HPN.
Hydrolyzable Poly(β‐thioether ester ketal) Thermosets via Acyclic Ketal Monomers
Authors: Alameda Benjamin M. , Murphy Joseph Scott , Barea‐López Bernardo L. , Knox Karly D. , Sisemore Jonathan D. , Patton Derek L. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHydrolytically degradable poly(β‐thioether ester ketal) thermosets are synthesized via radical‐mediated thiol‐ene photopolymerization using three novel dialkene acyclic ketal monomers and a mercaptopropionate based tetrafunctional thiol. For all thermoset compositions investigated, degradation behavior is highly tunable based on the structure of the incorporated ketal and pH. Complete degradation of the thermosets is observed upon exposure to acidic and neutral pH, and under high humidity conditions. Polymer networks composed of cross‐link junctions based on acyclic dimethyl ketals degrade the quickest, whereas networks containing acyclic cyclohexyl ketals undergo hydrolytic degradation on a longer timescale. Thermomechanical analysis reveals low glass transition temperatures and moduli typical of thioether‐based thermosets.
Autosomal recessive monilethrix: Novel variants of the DSG4 gene in three Chinese families
Authors: Zhou Cheng , Wang Pei , Yang Dingquan , Liao Wenjun , Guo Qing , Li Jiacheng , Wen Guangdong , Zheng Shuying , Zhang Xue , Wang Rongrong , Zhang Jianzhong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundMonilethrix is a rare hereditary hair loss disorder characterized by hair fragility and beaded hair shaft alterations. Monilethrix is classically inherited in an autosomal dominant (AD) fashion caused by variants in the hair keratin genes KRT81, KRT83, or KRT86. Interestingly, an autosomal recessive (AR) form of monilethrix with variants in DSG4 gene has also been reported in recent years.ObjectiveTo identify causative variants in Chinese patients with autosomal recessive (AR) form of monilethrix.MethodsThree families with AR form of monilethrix were observed and sequence variant analysis of DSG4 was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), quantitative real‐time PCR, and DNA sequencing.ResultsAll the patients had sparse, fragile hair involving the scalp, eyebrows, and eyelashes with keratotic follicular papules and pruritus since birth. Atypical‐beaded hairs and broken hair shaft fragments were identified in all the patients under dermoscopy. Heterozygous variants c.837del and c. 2389C > T, a homozygous splice site variant c.2355 + 1G > A, and a homozygous 48,644 bp large deletion variant g.31381440_31430084del in the DSG4 gene were identified and verified in the families.ConclusionThis report provided further evidence for the phenotypic spectrum and clinical features of, and the expanded variant database of AR form of monilethrix.
Exploring the long‐term risk factors associated with intestinal failure–associated liver disease in pediatric and adult patients: The role of lipid injectable emulsions in the development of liver disease
Authors: Melendez Marvick , Yeh Daniel Dante 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundDespite parenteral nutrition (PN) being life sustaining, one of the risk factors associated with its long‐term use is intestinal failure–associated liver disease (IFALD), which increases the risk for morbidity and mortality. This review examines some of the risk factors associated with IFALD.MethodsA literature review using the databases PubMed, EMBASE, and CINAHL between 2010 and 2020 was performed using search terms, including long‐term total PN and liver failure, serum plant sterols and liver failure, and complications and PN. Articles in English using both human and animal participants were included.ResultsThe pathophysiology associated with PN and liver disease is multifactorial and influenced by the remaining small‐bowel length, presence of the ileal cecal valve, lack of enteral stimulation, type of lipid injectable emulsion (ILE), plant sterol content, and excessive calories. The type of ILE plays a major role because of the phytosterol (PS) content, affecting the microbiome composition and inhibiting key gut signals. The PS content is highest in soy oil (SO)–based ILE, which increases inflammation and impairs biliary flow.ConclusionSerum PS correlates with liver biomarker abnormalities and is highest in SO‐based ILE use compared with mixed‐oil emulsions. Selection of a low‐PS content ILE is recommended to reduce the risk of biliary cholestasis. Stimulation of the gut, if possible, is recommended to maintain gut integrity and reduce bacterial overgrowth. Fish oil (FO) shows promise in IFALD reversal however, large randomized controlled trials are needed to further establish support for the use of FO in adults.
Gender and ethnicity's influence on first‐year nursing students' educational motivation and career expectations: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Maurud Sigurd , Børøsund Elin , Moen Anne 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimGiven the apparent link between gender and ethnicity, and the diversity and career opportunities in nursing, this study examined gender and ethnicity's influence on first‐year nursing students' educational motivation and career expectations.DesignCross‐sectional.MethodsThrough bootstrapped linear regressions, we analysed data on 504 Norwegian first‐year nursing students' self‐reported educational motivation and career expectations, from the StudData survey at the Centre for the Study of Professions (SPS) at Oslo Metropolitan University (OsloMet).ResultsThe sample consisted of 67 (13%) male and 437 (87%) female nursing students. Female students were more motivated compared to male students by professional interest and to pursue a specialization, less likely to assume leadership positions in the future, and more likely to prioritize family and pursue positions in the traditional nursing field. In total, 425 (84%) respondents stated a Norwegian background. Respondents who stated that both of their parents were born in a country other than Norway made up the 79 (16%) students of immigrant background. Those with immigrant backgrounds were more motivated than other students by income, status and flexible working hours and less likely to pursue a specialization or future employment in the nursing field.
Coinage Metal Complexes of Bis(quinoline‐2‐ylmethyl)phenylphosphine‐Simple Reactions Can Lead to Unprecedented Results
Authors: Kirst Christin , Tietze Jonathan , Mayer Peter , Böttcher Hans‐Christian , Karaghiosoff Konstantin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe different coordination behavior of the flexible yet sterically demanding, hemilabile P,N ligand bis(quinoline‐2‐ylmethyl)phenylphosphine (bqmpp) towards selected CuI, AgI and AuI species is described. The resulting X‐ray crystal structures reveal interesting coordination geometries. With [Cu(MeCN)4]BF4, compound 1 [Cu2(bqmpp)2](BF4)2 is obtained, wherein the copper(I) atoms display a distorted square planar and square pyramidal geometry. The steric demand and π‐stacking of the ligand allow for a short Cu⋅⋅⋅Cu distance (2.588(9) Å). CuI complex 2 [Cu4Cl3(bqmpp)2]BF4 contains a rarely observed Cu4Cl3 cluster, probably enabled by dichloromethane as the chloride source. In the cluster, even shorter Cu⋅⋅⋅Cu distances (2.447(1) Å) are present. The reaction of Ag[SbF6] with the ligand leads to a dinuclear compound (3) in solution as confirmed by 31P{1H} NMR spectroscopy. During crystallization, instead of the expected phosphine complex 3, a tris(quinoline‐2‐ylmethyl)bisphenyl‐phosphine (tqmbp) compound [Ag2(tqmbp)2](SbF6)2 4 is formed by elimination of quinaldine. The Au(I) compound [Au2(bqmpp)2]PF6 (5) is prepared as expected and shows a linear arrangement of two phosphine ligands around AuI.
The expense of sending cerebrospinal fluid for analysis on all lumbar punctures in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients
Authors: Wilson Janet , Liebman Mira F. , Johnston Donna L. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundCentral nervous system (CNS) relapse in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients is uncommon. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with ALL is routinely sampled at each intrathecal chemotherapy treatment to screen for CNS relapse. The analysis of CSF is both time consuming and resource intensive and must be completed approximately 20 times per patient throughout treatment. Our objective was to examine the expense of routine screening on all CSF samples for CNS relapse in ALL patients, and to identify if CNS relapse can be detected clinically.MethodsWe identified all patients diagnosed with ALL at the Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) between January 2001 and June 2021. We collected the total number of CSF samples in these patients and the number of CSF samples positive for CNS relapse. An in‐depth chart review on the patients who relapsed in the CNS was completed to identify symptoms at relapse.ResultsOver the study period, 351 patients were diagnosed with ALL and underwent a total of 6515 lumbar punctures (LPs), each of which examined the CSF. The cost of CSF sample analysis is $14.32 (Canadian dollars [CDN]); thus, the total cost for the study sample was $93,294.80 (CDN). There were 14 CNS relapses and although symptoms including headache, vomiting, and fatigue were common, two patients were asymptomatic at relapse.ConclusionsGiven the marginal cost of routine CSF screening and the lack of specific and sensitive symptoms for CNS relapse, we conclude that the routine practice of sending all CSF samples for analysis of CNS relapse in ALL patients is relatively inexpensive and beneficial.
Novel lignin microspheres reinforced poly (lactic acid) composites for fused deposition modeling
Authors: Hu Liangke , Long Haibo , Yang Feiwen , Cai Qilong , Wu Yixuan , Li Zhiyuan , Xiao Jialin , Xiao Dingshu , Zhang Shuting , Guan Litao , Zheng Wenxu , Zhou Wuyi , Dong Xianming 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLignin microspheres were prepared by the solvent‐anti‐solvent method and blended with pure poly (lactic acid) (PLA) to prepare lignin microspheres/PLA composites for fused deposition modeling. Lignin microspheres were successfully prepared by using deionized water as the anti‐solvent and methanol (MAL), ethanol (EAL), and n‐propanol (NPA) as solvent, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of lignin microspheres showed that the best microspheres were prepared by NPA at 60 C (NPA‐60), with the size range of microspheres between 800 and 1000 nm. Moreover, the lignin microspheres/PLA composites showed the best mechanical properties when 0.375 wt% NPA‐60 was doped into PLA matrix. Compared with pure PLA, the tensile strength, flexural strength and impact strength of the 0.375 wt% NPA‐60/PLA composites were increased by 49.80%, 25.00%, and 112.64%, respectively. Therefore, the lignin microsphere/PLA composites prepared by using a small amount of lignin microspheres as reinforcing filler has excellent mechanical properties, which are ideal 3D printing materials for fused deposition modeling.
Static and fatigue behavior of a carbon‐fiber SMC‐R composite under combined tensile and shear stresses
Authors: Urapakam Ramakrishnan Monish , Mallick Pankaj Kumar 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRandomly oriented short fiber reinforced sheet molding compound composites (SMC‐R) are among the most commonly used composites for automotive and many non‐automotive structural applications. Many studies have reported the static and fatigue properties of SMC‐R composites under uniaxial stress conditions. However, there are many applications in which they may be subjected to biaxial stress conditions and their biaxial properties have not been reported in literature. The current study considers the static and fatigue characteristics of a randomly oriented carbon fiber SMC‐R under both uniaxial and biaxial loading conditions with various combinations of tensile and shear stresses. A butterfly shaped Arcan specimen was used to conduct the biaxial stress tests. Since both static strength and fatigue life data exhibited significant variability, statistical analysis was conducted using Weibull distribution to analyse the variations in these properties of the material. In biaxial conditions in which a shear stress is imposed along with a tensile stress, the tensile strength of the material decreases with increasing shear stress. A failure envelope drawn based on von Mises equation shows reasonable agreement with the experimental results. As a percentage of the static strength, the fatigue strengths at 1 million cycles in tension and combined equal tension and shear are significantly higher than the fatigue strength in pure shear.