bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Genetics, Immunity and the Microbiome on the Prognosis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD Prognosis Study): the protocol for a Copenhagen IBD Inception Cohort Study
Authors: Attauabi Mohamed , Madsen Gorm Roager , Bendtsen Flemming , Wewer Anne Vibeke , Wilkens Rune , Ilvemark Johan , Vladimirova Nora , Jensen Annette Bøjer , Jensen Frank Krieger , Hansen Sanja Bay , Siebner Hartwig Roman , Nielsen Yousef Jesper Wirenfeldt , Møller Jakob M , Thomsen Henrik S , Thomsen Simon Francis , Ingels Helene Andrea Sinclair , Theede Klaus , Boysen Trine , Bjerrum Jacob T , Jakobsen Christian , Dorn-Rasmussen Maria , Jansson Sabine , Yao Yiqiu , Burian Ewa Anna , Møller Frederik Trier , Fana Viktoria , Wiell Charlotte , Terslev Lene , Østergaard Mikkel , Bertl Kristina , Stavropoulos Andreas , Seidelin Jakob B , Burisch Johan 
Published: June 2022

IntroductionInflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), encompassing Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, are chronic, inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. We have initiated a Danish population-based inception cohort study aiming to investigate the underlying mechanisms for the heterogeneous course of IBD, including need for, and response to, treatment.Methods and analysisIBD Prognosis Study is a prospective, population-based inception cohort study of unselected, newly diagnosed adult, adolescent and paediatric patients with IBD within the uptake area of Hvidovre University Hospital and Herlev University Hospital, Denmark, which covers approximately 1 050 000 inhabitants (~20% of the Danish population). The diagnosis of IBD will be according to the Porto diagnostic criteria in paediatric and adolescent patients or the Copenhagen diagnostic criteria in adult patients. All patients will be followed prospectively with regular clinical examinations including ileocolonoscopies, MRI of the small intestine, validated patient-reported measures and objective examinations with intestinal ultrasound. In addition, intestinal biopsies from ileocolonoscopies, stool, rectal swabs, saliva samples, swabs of the oral cavity and blood samples will be collected systematically for the analysis of biomarkers, microbiome and genetic profiles. Environmental factors and quality of life will be assessed using questionnaires and, when available, automatic registration of purchase data. The occurrence and course of extraintestinal manifestations will be evaluated by rheumatologists, dermatologists and dentists, and assessed by MR cholangiopancreatography, MR of the spine and sacroiliac joints, ultrasonography of peripheral joints and entheses, clinical oral examination, as well as panoramic radiograph of the jaws. Fibroscans and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans will be performed to monitor occurrence and course of chronic liver diseases, osteopenia and osteoporosis.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by Ethics Committee of the Capital Region of Denmark (approval number: H-20065831). Study results will be disseminated through publication in international scientific journals and presentation at (inter)national conferences.
Prevalence of breast fibroadenoma in healthy physical examination population in Guangdong province of China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Zhu Lijun , Zeng Xiaoqi , Jiang Shanshan , Ruan Simin , Ma Huanrong , Li Yingjia , Ye Changsheng , Dong Jianyu 
Published: June 2022

ObjectiveTo provide an accurate assessment of the prevalence of breast fibroadenoma in a large population and to confirm the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound for fibroadenoma.DesignThis was a cross-sectional survey.SettingThis research was conducted at Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.ParticipantsA total of 11 898 women aged 18–40 years who underwent breast screening between 1 January 2019 and 31 December 2019 were included in the fibroadenoma prevalence study. From 1 June 2019 to 31 December 2019, 342 breast lesions with pathology reports and preoperative ultrasound images were collected for diagnostic fibroadenoma testing (vs histological diagnostic testing).Primary outcome measuresPearson’s χ2 test was performed to compare the prevalence of different lesions between age groups, and descriptive statistics were used to report the clinical characteristics of fibroadenoma. For ultrasound diagnosis, fibroadenoma was defined as a well-circumscribed lesion with round or oval shape, consisting of a homogeneously hypoechoic or isoechoic solid mass, located parallel to the chest wall with a smooth margin and no posterior shadowing. Diagnostic test results for breast fibroadenoma were stratified by diagnostic type (histological vs ultrasound).ResultsOf the women aged 18–40 years, 27.6% (3285/11 898) had an ultrasound diagnosis offibroadenoma. Of these, the prevalence of fibroadenoma was stable across age groups (p=0.14) and did not differ between the left and right sides of the breast. Almost two-thirds of women presented with a single fibroadenoma, and most fibroadenomas did not exceed 1 cm in size. The sensitivity and specificity for fibroadenoma were 97.0% (95% CI for sensitivity: 93.7% to 98.8%) and 91.4% (95% CI for specificity: 85.4% to 95.5%) for ultrasonography, respectively.ConclusionsThe prevalence of fibroadenoma in South China is as high as 27.6%, and ultrasound could be used as a tool to diagnose fibroadenoma.
Acute kidney injury in patients with COVID-19 in the intensive care unit: evaluation of risk factors and mortality in a national cohort
Authors: Aukland Eirik Aasen , Klepstad Pål , Aukland Stein Magnus , Ghavidel Fatemeh Zamanzad , Buanes Eirik Alnes 
Published: June 2022

ObjectivesAcute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent complication among critical ill patients with COVID-19, but the actual incidence is unknown as AKI-incidence varies from 25% to 89% in intensive care unit (ICU) populations. We aimed to describe the prevalence and risk factors of AKI in patients with COVID-19 admitted to ICU in Norway.DesignNation-wide observational study with data sampled from the Norwegian Intensive Care and Pandemic Registry (NIPaR) for the period between 10 March until 31 December 2020.SettingICU patients with COVID-19 in Norway. NIPaR collects data on intensive care stays covering more than 90% of Norwegian ICU and 98% of ICU stays.ParticipantsAdult patients with COVID-19 admitted to Norwegian ICU were included in the study. Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) were excluded in order to avoid bias from CKD on the incidence of AKI.Primary and secondary outcome measuresPrimary outcome was AKI at ICU admission as defined by renal Simplified Acute Physiology Score in NIPaR. Secondary outcome measures included survival at 30 and 90 days after admission to hospital.ResultsA total number of 361 patients with COVID-19 were included in the analysis. AKI was present in 32.0% of the patients at ICU admission. The risk for AKI at ICU admission was related to acute circulatory failure at admission to hospital. Survival for the study population at 30 and 90 days was 82.5% and 77.6%, respectively. Cancer was a predictor of 30-day mortality. Age, acute circulatory failure at hospital admission and AKI at ICU admission were predictors of both 30-day and 90-day mortality.ConclusionsA high number of patients with COVID-19 had AKI at ICU admission. The study indicates that AKI at ICU admission was related to acute circulatory failure at hospital admission. Age, acute circulatory failure at hospital admission and AKI at ICU admission were associated with mortality.
What factors are associated with utilisation of health services for the poor elderly? Evidence from a nationally representative longitudinal survey in China
Authors: Zeng Yanbing , Xu Weiqian , Tao Xiaomeng 
Published: June 2022

ObjectivesTo investigate the status and factors of healthcare service utilisation among the poor elderly in China.MethodsWe selected the poor elderly from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) from 2011 to 2015. The main outcome measures include utilisation indicators for the probability and costs of outpatient/inpatient services. Based on modified Andersen behaviour model, a two-part model is designed to analyse the factors of the health service utilisation of the poor elderly.ResultsThe visit rate of outpatient services increased from 15.05% in 2011 to 21.26% in 2015, and the hospitalisation rate increased from 7.26% to 14.32%. The median cost of outpatient and inpatient services in 2015 for the poor elderly were 350 RMB and 10 000 RMB, respectively, and the out-of-pocket ratios were 85.2% and 53.3%, respectively. 78.44% of the people who actually needed healthcare did not use health services, and the main reason was financial difficulties (42.32%). The poor elderly who are higher educated, have children, live in central regions and have social security and a poor health status and who do not smoke or drink are more likely to use health services. The need factor plays a crucial role in determining health service utilisation.ConclusionsThe poor elderly tends to have a worse health status and a heavier medical burden but had a lower utilisation of health services. Predisposing, enabling, need and health behaviour variables should be considered to improve the health service utilisation and the health of the poor elderly.
Efficacy, efficiency and safety of a cardiac telerehabilitation programme using wearable sensors in patients with coronary heart disease: the TELEWEAR-CR study protocol
Authors: Antoniou Varsamo , Xanthopoulos Andrew , Giamouzis Gregory , Davos Constantinos , Batalik Ladislav , Stavrou Vasileios , Gourgoulianis Konstantinos I , Kapreli Eleni , Skoularigis John , Pepera Garyfallia 
Published: June 2022

IntroductionExercise-based cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is a beneficial tool for the secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases with, however, low participation rates. Telerehabilitation, intergrading mobile technologies and wireless sensors may advance the cardiac patients’ adherence. This study will investigate the efficacy, efficiency, safety and cost-effectiveness of a telerehabilitation programme based on objective exercise telemonitoring and evaluation of cardiorespiratory fitness.Methods and analysisA supervised, parallel-group, single-blind randomised controlled trial will be conducted. A total of 124 patients with coronary disease will be randomised in a 1:1 ratio into two groups: intervention telerehabilitation group (TELE-CR) (n=62) and control centre-based cardiac rehabilitation group (CB-CR) (n=62). Participants will receive a 12-week exercise-based rehabilitation programme, remotely monitored for the TELE-CR group and standard supervised for the CB-CR group. All participants will perform aerobic training at 70% of their maximal heart rate, as obtained from cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) for 20 min plus 20 min for strengthening and balance training, three times per week. The primary outcomes will be the assessment of cardiorespiratory fitness, expressed as peak oxygen uptake assessed by the CPET test and the 6 min walk test. Secondary outcomes will be the physical activity, the safety of the exercise intervention (number of adverse events that may occur during the exercise), the quality of life, the training adherence, the anxiety and depression levels, the nicotine dependence and cost-effectiveness. Assessments will be held at baseline, end of intervention (12 weeks) and follow-up (36 weeks).Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol has been reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of Thessaly (1108/1-12-2021) and by the Ethics Committee of the General University Hospital of Larissa (3780/31-01-2022). The results of this study will be disseminated through manuscript publications and conference presentations.Trial registration numberNCT05019157.
Relation between occupation, gender dominance in the occupation and workplace and suicide in Sweden: a longitudinal study
Authors: Matilla Santander Nuria , Blazevska Bianca , Carli Vladimir , Hadlaczky Gergö , Linnersjö Anette , Bodin Theo , Johansson Gun 
Published: June 2022

ObjectivesTo describe the association between occupations and suicide, and to explore the effect of gender dominance in the occupation and in the workplace on the risk of suicide.DesignRegister-based cohort study.Participants3 318 050 workers in Sweden in 2005 and followed up until 2010. Exclusion criteria for the study were: missing information in the occupational codes, yearly income of <100 Swedish krona, missing information of the employer, death or migration, and registered occupational code reported from more than 5 years ago.OutcomeSuicides occurring during 2006–2010 identified in the cause of death register by the International Classification of Diagnoses-10 codes X60–84 and Y10–34.ResultsOccupations with increased suicide were life science and health professionals (OR: 2.8, 95% CI: 1.50 to 5.26) among women. In men, these were metal, machinery and related workers (OR: 1.5, 95% CI: 1.09 to 2.05) and personal and protective service workers (OR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.14 to 2.22). In terms of gender dominance in the occupation, borderline associations with increased suicide risk were found for men in both male-dominated (OR: 1.32, 95% CI: 0.98 to 1.79) and female-dominated (OR: 1.37, 95% CI: 0.99 to 1.91) occupations. For women, borderline increased risk of suicide was found in female-dominated occupations (OR: 1.51, 95% CI: 0.95 to 2.40). Finally, men showed a borderline increased risk of suicide in female-dominated workplaces (OR: 1.31, 95% CI: 0.94 to 1.81).ConclusionsThis study found that women in the ‘life science and health professionals’ group and men in the ‘metal, machinery and related workers’ as well as ‘personal and protective service workers’ groups have increased incidence of suicide also when adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, precariousness of the employment relationship, spells of unemployment, previous mental disorders and suicide attempts. Moreover, gender dominance at workplace and occupation seems to be associated with the risk of suicide among men. The results of our study are novel and are worth exploring in future qualitative studies.
Role of cash transfers in mitigating food insecurity in India during the COVID-19 pandemic: a longitudinal study in the Bihar state
Authors: Makkar Sanchit , Manivannan Jawahar Ramasamy , Swaminathan Sumathi , Travasso Sandra M , John Anjaly Teresa , Webb Patrick , Kurpad Anura V , Thomas Tinku 
Published: June 2022

ObjectiveThere are scant empirical data on the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on food security across the globe. India is no exception, with insights into the impacts of lockdown on food insecurity now emerging. We contribute to the empirical evidence on the prevalence of food insecurity in Bihar state before and after lockdown, and whether the government’s policy of cash transfer moderated negative effects of food insecurity or not.DesignThis was a longitudinal study.SettingsThe study was conducted in Gaya and Nalanda district of Bihar state in India from December 2019 to September 2020.ParticipantsA total of 1797 households were surveyed in survey 1, and about 52% (n=939) were followed up in survey 2. Valid data for 859 households were considered for the analysis.Main outcome measuresUsing the Food Insecurity Experience Scale, we found that household conditions were compared before and after lockdown. The effect of cash transfers was examined in a quasi-experimental method using a longitudinal study design. Logistic regression and propensity score adjusted analyses were used to identify factors associated with food insecurity.ResultsHousehold food insecurity worsened considerably during lockdown, rising from 20% (95% CI 17.4 to 22.8) to 47% (95% CI 43.8 to 50.4) at the sample mean. Households experiencing negative income shocks were more likely to have been food insecure before the lockdown (adjusted OR 6.4, 95% CI 4.9 to 8.3). However, households that received cash transfers had lower odds of being food insecure once the lockdown was lifted (adjusted OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.56 to 0.99).ConclusionThese findings provide evidence on how the swift economic response to the pandemic crises using targeted income transfers was relatively successful in mitigating potentially deep impacts of food insecurity.
Calculations on the proton decay with modified preformation probability
Authors: Soylu A. , Koyuncu F. , Alavi S. A. , Dehghani V. 
Published: June 2022

In this paper, the investigations have been conducted on the half-lives of proton radioactivity of 32 nuclei. The main goal of the paper is to improve the formation probability (Sp) that proposed by Chen et al. [Eur. Phys. J. A 57 (2021) 1]. The obtained results in mentioned paper have been reproduced with uncertainties for all parameters by fitting the experimental data of proton emitters. To carry out the further investigations, we have proposed a new Sp which has a different type of shape from linear. The replacement of the linear form with an exponential, one of the formation probabilities, has affected the rms result positively. The new form of Sp, which has been presented in this study, depends on the mass number of daughter nucleus like the previous one but in exponential form. The obtained findings here may be important for studies while making new predictions.
Improving Analysis and Prediction of Tropical Cyclones by Assimilating Radar and GNSS-R Wind Observations: Ensemble Data Assimilation and Observing System Simulation Experiments Using a Coupled Atmosphere–Ocean Model
Authors: Lin Kuan-Jen , Yang Shu-Chih , Chen Shuyi S. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This study investigates the impact of assimilating ground-based radar reflectivity and wind data on tropical cyclone (TC) intensity prediction. The effect on a high-impact TC in the western North Pacific region that penetrated the Bashi Channel is examined. A multiscale correction based on the successive covariance localization (SCL) method is adopted to improve the analysis and forecast performance. In addition, GNSS-R wind speed is assimilated jointly in the rapid update assimilation framework to complement the TC boundary layer where radar data are limited. Model experiments are conducted and evaluated using the observing system simulation experiments (OSSEs) framework with a coupled atmosphere–ocean model nature run. Taking the experiment without data assimilation as the baseline, assimilating the radar data with the standard localization and SCL methods reduces the wind speed analysis error by 12% and 44%, respectively. The SCL method dominates the improvement in TC intensity prediction with a lead time longer than 2 days and the TC’s peak intensity forecast is improved by 18 hPa. The additional assimilation of the GNSS-R wind speed observation further reduces the wind speed error in the low-level analysis by 12% and 5% under the standard and SCL radar assimilation framework, respectively. GNSS-R wind assimilation leads to a further 6-hPa improvement in TC’s peak intensity. However, the sampling error introduced by the SCL method restrains the effect of GNSS-R assimilation. Sensitivity experiments with different GNSS-R data arrangements show that better GNSS-R wind coverage and additional wind direction information can further improve the TC analysis.

Significance Statement
Tropical cyclone (TC) intensity prediction over the western North Pacific (WNP) region remains a significant challenge due to limited observations. This study aims to improve the TC intensity prediction in WNP by assimilating the ground-based radar data using a multiscale correction framework and incorporating with the satellite ocean surface wind speed observation. We particularly focus on a high-impact TC like Typhoon Hato (2017), which penetrated the Bashi Channel and later made landfall in China, causing great damage. Our results showed that the assimilation strategy improved the TC intensity prediction for a lead time longer than 2 days. These results demonstrate the great potential of these observations and can provide guidance for future applications in operation centers.
Bracketed Localization in Breast-Conserving Surgery: Indications and Success Rates From a Single, High Volume, Academic Breast Cancer Center
Authors: Lyons Walker , Lamm Ryan , Duffner Emily R , Shames Jason , Willis Alliric I , Lazar Melissa 
Published: June 2022

Background Bracketed localization is a technique used to help localize lesions for breast-conserving surgery (BCS). To date, there are no guidelines for when bracketed localization should be used in clinical practice. Based on our experience, we aim to provide criteria that should prompt surgeons to consider bracketing. Methods A single-institution retrospective chart review was performed on patients who underwent bracketed localization for BCS between 2015 and 2021. Lesion characteristics were recorded including lesion span, number of lesions, histology type on core needle biopsy and surgical specimen, margin status, and need for additional surgery. Results One hundred and thirteen cases were analyzed. Imaging showed an average lesion span of 5.0-cm. Multifocal lesions represented 45% of cases. Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) was a histological component in 64% of core needle biopsies and 76% of surgical specimens. Negative margins were achieved in 82% of patients on the first excision. Additional surgery was performed in 17% of patients. Invasive lobular carcinoma had the highest additional surgery rate at 23%. Negative margins with BCS were achieved in 96% of cases, including those with successful re-excision. Discussion This descriptive study shows that bracketed localization was most often employed for patients with large lesion spans, multifocality, and a DCIS or invasive lobular component. While these characteristics are typically associated with higher rates of positive margins, our cohort’s rate of additional surgery was comparable to the national average for all BCS operations. These results argue that surgeon utilization of bracketed localization may be beneficial in these clinical scenarios.
Self-harm and suicide attempts among incarcerated lesbian, gay and bisexual people in Australia
Authors: Hail-Jares Katie , Cumming Craig , Young Jesse T , Borschmann Rohan , Lennox Nick , Kinner Stuart A. 
Published: June 2022

Objectives: Guided by minority stress theory, we explored the association between sexual identity, justice system involvement, self-harm and suicide attempts, among a cohort of incarcerated adults in Australia. Methods: A sample of 2698 adults incarcerated in Queensland and Western Australia were surveyed between 1 August 2008 and 12 August 2016 about their current psychological distress, mental health diagnoses, contact with mental health services, and lifetime and recent self-harm and suicide attempts. We used multivariable logistic regression to explore the relationship between sexual orientation, prior criminal justice system involvement, mental health and demographic factors. Results: Five percent of the sample identified as gay, lesbian or bisexual, with 37% of lesbian, gay, bisexual and other same-sex attracted individuals reporting that they had self-harmed (vs 14% of heterosexual peers; χ2 = 52.4; p < 0.001) and 49% reporting a history of at least one suicide attempt (vs 23%; χ2 = 49.2; p < 0.001). Lesbian, gay, bisexual and other same-sex attracted people were 2.1 times (95% confidence interval: [1.4, 3.3]) and 1.8 times (95% confidence interval: [1.2, 2.8]) more likely to report a history of self-harm and suicide attempt, respectively, than non–lesbian, gay, bisexual and other same-sex attracted respondents. Conclusion: Intersectionality theory suggests that people who are navigating two or more marginalised identities often experience a compounding of internal and external stressors. Consistent with that theory, lesbian, gay, bisexual and other same-sex attracted people who experience incarceration may be at particularly high risk of self-harm and suicidal behaviour. Custodial settings should both improve cultural competency for frontline staff working with lesbian, gay, bisexual and other same-sex attracted individuals and improve access to mental health services during incarceration.