bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of Palaeoecological and Geochemical Proxies in the Context of Tropical Peatland Degradation and Restoration: A Review for Southeast Asia
Authors: Ramdzan Khairun Nisha Mohamed , Moss Patrick T. , Heijnis Hendrik , Harrison Mark E. , Yulianti Nina 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTropical peatlands in Southeast Asia (SEA) have undergone large-scale degradation in recent times due to extensive land use changes and drainage associated with their conversion for economic gains, and resulting fires during dry periods. This has had detrimental impacts on key peatland ecosystem processes and services such as hydrology, peat formation, carbon storage, fire prevention and biodiversity. Palaeoecological and geochemical proxies have been increasingly used in tropical peatland studies to extend contemporary instrumental records of peat conditions. Despite not yet being used to actively inform tropical peatland degradation and restoration interventions, these proxies are able to provide long-term trends in responses, resilience (threshold) and feedback processes of vegetation dynamics, groundwater level, peat pH, peat decomposition and accumulation rates, and degradation history. In this review, through the assessment of relevant tropical peatland studies in SEA, the palaeoecological and geochemical proxies were evaluated for their potential to reconstruct long-term peatland responses to climatically and anthropogenically-driven degradation. This information can potentially be utilised to provide better understanding of the extent of degradation and assist with the development of restoration management plans in SEA through its application in peat-hydrology restoration models.
Cereal species mixtures: an ancient practice with potential for climate resilience. A review
Authors: McAlvay Alex C. , DiPaola Anna , D’Andrea A. Catherine , Ruelle Morgan L. , Mosulishvili Marine , Halstead Paul , Power Alison G. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFood security depends on the ability of staple crops to tolerate new abiotic and biotic pressures. Wheat, barley, and other small grains face substantial yield losses under all climate change scenarios. Intra-plot diversification is an important strategy for smallholder farmers to mitigate losses due to variable environmental conditions. While this commonly involves sowing polycultures of distinct species from different botanical families in the same field or multiple varieties of the same species (varietal mixtures), mixed plantings of multiple species from the same family are less well known. However, the sowing of maslins, or cereal species mixtures, was formerly widespread in Eurasia and Northern Africa and continues to be employed by smallholder farmers in the Caucasus, Greek Islands, and the Horn of Africa, where they may represent a risk management strategy for climate variability. Here, we review ethnohistorical, agronomic, and ecological literature on maslins with a focus on climate change adaptation, including two case studies from Ethiopian smallholder farmers. The major points are the following: (1) farmers in Ethiopia, Eritrea, and Georgia report that mixtures are a strategy for ensuring some yield under unpredictable precipitation and on marginal soils; (2) experimental trials support these observations, demonstrating increased yield advantage and stability under certain conditions, making maslins a potentially adaptive practice when crops are impacted by new biotic and abiotic conditions due to climate change; (3) maslins may balance trade-offs between interfamilial species plantings and varietal mixtures, and expand the total portfolio of traits available for formulating mixtures from varietal mixtures alone; and (4) they may buffer against the impacts of climate trends through passive shifts in species composition in response to environmental pressures. We demonstrate the potential benefits of maslins as an agroecological intensification and climate adaptation strategy and lay out the next steps and outstanding questions regarding the applicability of these cropping systems.
The effect of graphene on the activation energy of grain growth for the nanocrystalline thermoelectric n-type Bi2Te2.7Se0.3
Authors: El-Makaty Farah M. , Pothuvattil Nandagopal S. , Hamouda Abdelmagid , Youssef Khaled M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEven though bismuth telluride is frequently produced by mechanical alloying for thermoelectric materials, no data has been published addressing the thermal behavior and activation energy of the milled n-type Bi2Te2.7Se0.3powders. This paper studies the activation energy of grain growth for the nanocrystalline n-type Bi2Te2.7Se0.3and two graphene-Bi2Te2.7Se0.3composites with different graphene concentrations (0.05 and 0.5 wt.%). Grain size and structural analyses of these samples have been carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The thermal stability of the three samples is investigated by incorporating differential scanning calorimetry data with the Kissinger model. The activation energy of the pristine Bi2Te2.7Se0.3alloy is found to be 268 kJ/mol. For the composite samples, a lower graphene weight percentage (0.05 wt.%) increased the activation energy to 270 kJ/mol. In contrast, higher amounts of graphene (0.5 wt.%) reduced the activation energy significantly to 254 kJ/mol. The observed effect is found to be directly related to graphene’s exfoliation in the bismuth telluride matrix. These results offer a better understanding of the thermal behavior of the nanocrystalline pristine n-type Bi2Te2.7Se0.3and the influence of graphene nanofiller on the thermal stability of the bismuth telluride nanocomposites.
Effects of work ability coordinators’ educational program on behavior of professionals
Authors: Nevala Nina , Mattila-Wiro Päivi , Clottes Heikkilä Heli , Anttilainen Julia , Tujunen Sirpa , Malkamäki Riitta , Hirvonen Maria , Tiainen Raija 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCoordinating services for people with disabilities requires the expertise of professionals who promote the employment and work ability of their clients. This study evaluated the effects of work ability coordinators’ educational program on behavior of professionals who support work ability of people with disabilities. The participants were 394 professionals aged from 27 to 63 (mean age 46), who attended 21 educational programs in different parts of Finland during 2016–2019. As evaluation methods we used questionnaires and content analysis. The participants’ knowledge and skills, as their capabilities to provide work ability support to people with disabilities increased statistically significantly during the educational program. Motivation meant that the participants expected to gain knowledge on the broad structure of the service system and legislation. Networking opportunities led to new, individual-based contacts and co-operation at the national as well as the regional level. Behavior change meant that the use of the solution-focused approach to work and the full range of measures to support work ability and employment of persons with disabilities in the service system had been successful. The results will guide future educational programs and policy decisions on the proficiency needs of professionals working in the service system.
Psychotherapy as care in Uganda: envisioning a “more-than-critique anthropology”
Authors: Vorhölter Julia 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOver the past two decades, care has become a key concept in psychological anthropology, and anthropology more broadly. Although the term generally evokes positive associations, anthropological studies mostly focus on the darker or ambivalent aspects of care such as paternalism, exploitation, or instrumentalism. This article rethinks anthropological critiques of care. Drawing on examples from my research on emerging forms of psychotherapy in Uganda, I argue that it is important to retain some of the hopeful properties of care: not because critiques of care are invalid, but because the contemporary global moment—characterized by widespread sentiments of powerlessness, futility, and paralysis in the face of climate change, pandemics, and war—calls for an anthropology that can do more than just critique. The article focuses on the struggles and achievements of a small group of Ugandan therapists, who were at the forefront of establishing psychotherapy as a new form of care in Uganda. For them, psychotherapy offered new ways of critically reflecting on social conventions, norms, and hierarchies in Ugandan society, as well as capitalist modernity more broadly. Even though they were aware of, and shared, various criticisms of psychotherapy—its colonial origins, cultural biases, and neoliberal tendencies—my interlocutors strongly believed that psychotherapy could be made relevant for Ugandans. Their dedication to this vision, and their considerable success in putting it into practice, figure as examples of how to move beyond critique.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine breakthrough infections among healthcare personnel, December 2020–April 2021
Authors: Nickel Katelin B. , Fraser Victoria J. , Babcock Hilary M. , Kwon Jennie H. ,   for the CDC Prevention Epicenters Program
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine effectiveness in the early months of vaccine availability was high among healthcare personnel (HCP) at 88.3% for 2-doses. Among those testing positive for severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), those with breakthrough infection after vaccination were more likely to have had a non–work-related SARS-CoV-2 exposure compared to unvaccinated HCP.
How Should your Beliefs Change When your Awareness Grows?
Authors: Pettigrew Richard 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEpistemologists who study credences have a well-developed account of how you should change them when you learn new evidence; that is, when your body of evidence grows. What's more, they boast a diverse range of epistemic and pragmatic arguments that support that account. But they do not have a satisfactory account of when and how you should change your credences when you become aware of possibilities and propositions you have not entertained before; that is, when your awareness grows. In this paper, I consider the arguments for the credal epistemologist's account of how to respond to evidence, and I ask whether they can help us generate an account of how to respond to awareness growth. The results are surprising: the arguments that all support the same norms for responding to evidence growth support a number of different norms when they are applied to awareness growth. Some of these norms seem too weak, others too strong. I ask what we should conclude from this, and argue that our credal response to awareness growth is considerably less rigorously constrained than our credal response to new evidence.
Evidence-Based Policymaking during the COVID-19 Crisis: Regulatory Impact Assessments and the Polish COVID-19 Restrictions
Authors: Jonski Kamil , Rogowski Wojciech 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic transformed our understanding of the state’s role during a public health crisis and introduced an array of unprecedented policy tools: ever-stricter travel restrictions, lockdowns and closures of whole branches of the economy. Evidence-based policymaking seems to be the gold standard of such high-stakes policy interventions. This article presents an empirical investigation into the regulatory impact assessments accompanying sixty-four executive acts (regulations) introducing anti-pandemic restrictions in Poland over the first year of the pandemic. To this end, the study utilises the so-called scorecard methodology, which is popular in regulatory impact assessment research. This methodology highlights the shallowness of these documents and the accompanying processes, with an absence not only of a sound evidence base behind specific anti-pandemic measures or estimates of their economic impacts, but even of the comparative data on restrictions introduced in other European Union/Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. Overall, the collected data support the hypothesis that the ad hoc pandemic management process crowded out the law-making process through tools such as regulatory impact assessments and consultations. In other words, the genuine decision-making occurred elsewhere (with the exact process being largely invisible to public opinion and scholars) and drafting legal texts simply codified these decisions, with the law-making process becoming mere window-dressing.
Effects of a single spanwise surface wire on a free-ended circular cylinder undergoing vortex-induced vibration in the lower synchronization range
Authors: Vaziri E. , Ekmekci A. 
Published: October 2022

This experimental study investigated the control induced by a spanwise surface wire on a rigid circular cylinder undergoing vortex-induced vibration (VIV) under the conditions of low mass damping in the lower synchronization branch. Being motivated by the idea of VIV-based energy harvesting from ocean and river flows, this elastically mounted cylinder was immersed in a water channel, leaving a free end at its bottom spanwise end, while the free water surface bounded its top. The cylinder was constrained to vibrate in the cross-stream direction. The wire diameter was 6.25 % of the cylinder diameter. Experimental research was conducted by attaching this large-scale wire along the span of the cylinder at various angular positions ranging from 0° to 180° (with respect to the most upstream point of the cylinder) at a fixed Reynolds number of 104(based on the cylinder diameter). Simultaneous to measuring the trajectory of the cylinder motion via a laser distance sensor, the instantaneous velocity field in the near wake of the cylinder was obtained using particle image velocimetry. Several VIV response categories were identified depending on the angular position of the wire, which led to the classification of distinct angular ranges for the wire application. Associated with the structural vibrations in these categories, different vortex-formation modes induced by the wire were revealed. For specific wire positions, decreases of up to 98 % and increases of up to 102 % were identified in the oscillation amplitude of the cylinder compared with the amplitude of the clean cylinder under similar conditions.
A RIGIDITY PROPERTY OF PLURIHARMONIC MAPS FROM PROJECTIVE MANIFOLDS
Authors: HUANG CHE-HUNG 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSuppose M is a complex projective manifold of dimension
$\geq 2$
, V is the support of an ample divisor in M and U is an open set in M that intersects each irreducible component of V. We show that a pluriharmonic map
$f:M\to N$
into a Kähler manifold N is holomorphic whenever
$f\vert _{V\,\cap \, U}$
is holomorphic.
Current and past factors affecting the quality of aging in a sample of Spanish elderly
Authors: Montero López María del Pilar , Mora Urda Ana Isabel , Martín Almena Francisco Javier , Baena Alonso Raquel , Bisi Molina Maria del Carmen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAging is a multifactorial process influenced by both biological and sociocultural factors. The objective of this study was to identify current and past factors with an impact on the quality of aging in a sample of people 65 years of age or older born in the postwar period after the Spanish civil war. Socioeconomic, health, anthropometric, and food consumption data were collected in public Leisure Centers for the elderly in Madrid. The sample consists of 587 people (64.6% women), with a mean age of 71.8 ±5.3 years. Following the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines regarding what is considered Healthy Aging, an index called the Index of Quality of Aging was calculated from four variables: the Mini Mental State Examination score, perception of health, satisfaction with life and the number of diseases that affect daily life. Another index called the Diet Inflammation Index was created based on the inflammatory or anti-inflammatory potential of different foods. The Index of Quality of Ageing was used as a dependent variable in linear regression models for men and women. Differences by gender were observed in the factors that influence the quality of aging. Education had a positive influence on men quality of ageing while it does not on women. In these, a relationship between the quality of the current diet and the quality of aging was observed.
The Bondage of Old Habits in Nineteenth-Century Argentina
Authors: Brown Jonathan C. 
Published: October 2022

Liberty was in their hearts, but the old bondage was nevertheless perpetuated in their habits and, moreover, they were not united among themselves. Juan Bautista AlberdiA number of recent publications have added to our knowledge of the century in which Argentina seems to have been transformed from a traditional colonial society into a modern and prosperous nation. Most of these new studies lean toward socioeconomic and sociopolitical analysis, testimony to the influence of Tulio Halperin Donghi's work on the Independence period and James Scobie's work on Buenos Aires. Because these two studies of the mid-1970s are so well known, this article will review only the literature that has appeared since. All modern scholars agree that the economy since 1820 expanded at least in the littoral region and that the century ended in an upsurge of technological innovation and export-led growth that extended even into the interior. Most also concur that the benefits of economic progress were not shared equally. The critical questions seem to be who got what and why?
Fighting Words: The Discourse of Insurgency in Latin American History
Authors: Chasteen John Charles 
Published: October 2022

“What I suffer is pleasant because it shows that I am putting myself above the run of common men, that I am worthy of my Patria and of you…”Insurgent officer to his wife, 1893The appeal of sacrifice so frequently encountered in expressions of nationalism is an equally familiar theme in the rhetoric of political warfare in Latin America. Stories of political warfare take up a considerable part of Latin American historiography. The intent of this exploratory article is to suggest how the rhetoric and narrative written about nineteenth-century insurgency can be read to illuminate the political history of Latin America. Two South American civil wars of the 1890s constitute the empirical starting point for my speculations, although they are scarcely a convincing sample of the hundreds of insurgencies that have occurred since independence. Consequently, these observations on a Latin American discourse of insurgency must largely be content to ask questions, raise issues, and suggest hypotheses.
Painted Faces: Conflict and Ambiguity in Domestic Servant-Employer Relations in La Paz, 1930–1988
Authors: Gill Lesley 
Published: October 2022

“My face grew white on the job, and when I returned to my community, my friends asked me why I was so pale. They said that I looked made up. I had to rub dirt on my face so that I would look browner to them.”Alicia Mamani, domestic servant, La Paz, Bolivia“The minute that you turn your back, [servants] use your clothes, your shoes, your make-up, everything.”Pilar Cordoba, employer, La Paz, BoliviaThe institution of female domestic service in La Paz has been characterized by continuity as well as change, despite the profound social transformations brought about by the Bolivian National Revolution in 1952. Domestic service has historically been the most important source of employment for women in Bolivian cities and Latin American urban centers in general (Glave 1988; Arrom 1985; Kuznesof n.d.). Live-in domestic service continues to be the norm in La Paz, even though the number of live-out household workers is increasing. The dependent nature of the Bolivian economy and enduring gender biases have precluded the absorption of women into “formal sector” employment, and generally depressed wage rates do not permit most women in La Paz the luxury of being full-time mothers, wives, or daughters. As a result, salaried domestic service is not only persisting but expanding as a prolonged economic crisis forces growing numbers of female Aymara Indian immigrants from the countryside to seek wage employment in the homes of criollo women in the city.
Molecular and morphological description of a novel microsporidian Inodosporus fujiokai n. sp. infecting both salmonid fish and freshwater prawns
Authors: Yanagida Tetsuya , Asai Nanami , Yamamoto Michitaka , Sugahara Kazuhiro , Fujiwara Takuto , Shirakashi Sho , Yokoyama Hiroshi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA new microsporidian disease of cultured rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss has recently been confirmed in Japan, and the causative species was tentatively designated as Microsporidium sp. RBT-2021. Involvement of common prawn Palaemon paucidens in its transmission was suggested based on the previous feeding trials, although the microsporidian infection in P. paucidens was not confirmed. In this study, P. paucidens in Lake Biwa, Japan was investigated for microsporidian infection and 4 types of spores (types 1–4) were newly found. The nucleotide sequence of the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene was identical between type 1 and Microsporidium sp. RBT-2021, indicating they are conspecific. However, intriguingly, the spore morphology and the mode of development in fish and prawn were strikingly different. Morphological observations revealed type 1 in the prawn possesses characteristics of the genus Inodosporus Overstreet and Weidner, 1974, while Microsporidium sp. RBT-2021 in the trout exhibited the characteristics of the genus Kabatana Lom, Dyková and Tonguthai, 2000. In the phylogeny, type 1 was placed within a clade comprising Kabatana spp. and Inodosporus octosporus. Based on the morphological and molecular analyses, we describe Microsporidium sp. RBT-2021 as Inodosporus fujiokai n. sp. Together with the success of the previous prawn-feeding trials, this study strongly suggests I. fujiokai n. sp. has a multi-host life cycle utilizing fish and crustacean hosts and different modes of development in each host. Such polymorphic life cycle has barely been known among fish microsporidians. This study also suggests that the genus Kabatana is a junior synonym of the genus Inodosporus.