bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronotype and Sleep Quality in Obesity: How Do They Change After Menopause?
Authors: Verde Ludovica , Barrea Luigi , Vetrani Claudia , Frias-Toral Evelyn , Chapela Sebastián Pablo , Jayawardena Ranil , de Alteriis Giulia , Docimo Annamaria , Savastano Silvia , Colao Annamaria , Muscogiuri Giovanna 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose of Review
This review primarily provides an overview of the current evidence on chronotype (which reflects an individual’s preference for the timing of sleeping, eating, and activity in a 24-h period) and sleep quality changes in obesity in postmenopausal women. It also explores possible nutritional strategies to manage these changes in this phase of a woman’s life.

Recent Findings
Menopause is a life stage frequently associated with sleep disturbances and changes in circadian rhythms. Sleep disturbances are one of the main symptoms of menopause and are caused by several factors such as hormonal changes, obesity, and melatonin reduction. In addition, the chronotype also changes following menopause. Nutritional strategies are essential because they could help manage menopausal sleep disturbances and circadian misalignment, particularly by tackling obesity and overweight.

Summary
In the management of postmenopausal women, especially those experiencing obesity, careful assessment of sleep disturbances and chronotype and subsequent development of the most appropriate treatment, including nutritional management, should be part of the treatment routine.
Comparison of dense optical flow and PIV techniques for mapping surface current flow in tidal stream energy sites
Authors: McIlvenny J. , Williamson B. J. , Fairley I. A. , Lewis M. , Neill S. , Masters I. , Reeve D. E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMarine renewable energy site and resource characterisation, in particular tidal stream energy, require detailed flow measurements which often rely on high-cost in situ instrumentation which is limited in spatial extent. We hypothesise uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAV) offer a low-cost and low-risk data collection method for tidal stream environments, as recently techniques have been developed to derive flow from optical videography. This may benefit tidal and floating renewable energy developments, providing additional insight into flow conditions and complement traditional instrumentation. Benefits to existing data collection methods include capturing flow over a large spatial extent synchronously, which could be used to analyse flow around structures or for site characterisation; however, uncertainty and method application to tidal energy sites is unclear. Here, two algorithms are tested: large-scale particle image velocimetry using PIVlab and dense optical flow. The methods are applied on video data collected at two tidal stream energy sites (Pentland Firth, Scotland, and Ramsey Sound, Wales) for a range of flow and environmental conditions. Although average validation measures were similar (~ 20–30% error), we recommend PIVlab processed velocity data at tidal energy sites because we find bias (underprediction) in optical flow for higher velocities (> 1 m/s).
Effect of die coating on surface crack depth of hot extruded 7075 aluminum alloy
Authors: Funazuka Tatsuya , Dohda Kuniaki , Takatsuji Norio , Hu Chengliang , Sukunthakan Ngernbamrung 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe aluminum alloys belonging to the 7000 series are high-strength alloys used in a wide variety of products for weight reduction. They are primarily used in the field of transportation and aerospace. Among these, the A7075 alloy has the highest strength and is expected to be applicable in a wide range of fields, such as aircraft components and sports equipment. However, it has high deformation resistance and is prone to surface defects, which is called tearing. Tearing typically occurs at high temperatures and high ram speeds, and adversely affects productivity. The localized melting of Zn and additive compounds, due to the heat generated during the process, is considered to cause tearing. In this study, the effect of friction, heat, and tearing at the tool—metal interface was mitigated by improving the die surface quality. The reduced friction eliminated recrystallization by preventing the temperature from increasing to recrystallization temperature. In addition, an AlCrN coating was adopted instead of nitriding to improve the die surface quality. The tearing size and heat generated when using the AlCrN coating were found to be limited. Moreover, the grain size observed in the tearing region on the extruded surface was small. The simulations using the shear friction coefficient m observed from friction tests indicate that the use of the AlCrN coating improved the material flow. Thus, the AlCrN coating is considered effective for reducing friction at the interface and preventing the recrystallization of the extruded surface. From the aforementioned results, it can be inferred that a die coating can reduce the tearing sensitivity and increase the productivity of the A7075 alloy.
Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction to Produce Hydrogen Peroxide: Rational Design from Single-Atom Catalysts to Devices
Authors: Tong Yueyu , Wang Liqun , Hou Feng , Dou Shi Xue , Liang Ji 
Published: September 2022

AbstractElectrocatalytic production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) via the 2e−transfer route of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) offers a promising alternative to the energy-intensive anthraquinone process, which dominates current industrial-scale production of H2O2. The availability of cost-effective electrocatalysts exhibiting high activity, selectivity, and stability is imperative for the practical deployment of this process. Single-atom catalysts (SACs) featuring the characteristics of both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts are particularly well suited for H2O2synthesis and thus, have been intensively investigated in the last few years. Herein, we present an in-depth review of the current trends for designing SACs for H2O2production via the 2e−ORR route. We start from the electronic and geometric structures of SACs. Then, strategies for regulating these isolated metal sites and their coordination environments are presented in detail, since these fundamentally determine electrocatalytic performance. Subsequently, correlations between electronic structures and electrocatalytic performance of the materials are discussed. Furthermore, the factors that potentially impact the performance of SACs in H2O2production are summarized. Finally, the challenges and opportunities for rational design of more targeted H2O2-producing SACs are highlighted. We hope this review will present the latest developments in this area and shed light on the design of advanced materials for electrochemical energy conversion.Graphical abstract
Discussion on: “Programmable money: next generation blockchain-based conditional payments” by Ingo Weber and Mark Staples
Authors: Burda Michael C. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMy comment on Weber and Staples (Digit Financ, https://doi.org/10.1007/s42521-022-00064-8, 2022) elaborates an economic perspective of their “programmable money” proposal. While claims issued and tendered for goods and services resemble money, a number of issues must be resolved before this innovation is feasible as money in analog trade or digital finance. These include secondary tradability, permissioned access, standardization and transparency. Programmable money is an important step towards the implementation of contingent commodities in the sense of Arrow and Debreu (Econometrica, 22(3):265–290, 1954) and Debreu (1959).
Public Perception on the Sustainable Energy Transition in Rural Finland: A Multi-criteria Approach
Authors: KC Raghu , Föhr Jarno , Ranta Tapio 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHeating is the most energy-intensive sector worldwide as well as in Europe and Finland. About 37% of the heat produced in Finland is still produced with fossil fuels, including 5.5% with fossil fuel oil (FFO). Phasing out FFO from the energy mix in compliance to Finnish carbon neutrality target is complicated because of the decentralized use all over the country, especially in rural Finland. There have been policies and financial instruments targeted for replacement of FFO-fired heating systems, but the rate of heating system renovation has been slow as there are still about 300,000 FFO and gas-fired heating systems nationwide. In this study, we conducted a survey of homeowners with FFO heating systems and asked about their willingness to renovate their heating system. In addition, we asked them to prioritize their sustainability criteria and we ranked them using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP). The first part of the results show that younger homeowners are more interested in more sustainable modes of heating. Further, the results also show that the willingness to undergo an FFO heating system renovation is higher among respondents with university degrees compared to respondents with high-school and upper secondary educations. The second part of the results show that the economy and environment were given the equally highest priority ratings compared to technological and social criteria. However, older and university degree-educated respondents emphasized environmental criteria, climate change and renewable energy indicators more than their younger and high-school graduate counterparts.
Gut mutualists can persist in host populations despite low fidelity of vertical transmission
Authors: Xiong Xiyan , Loo Sara L. , Tanaka Mark M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Humans harbour diverse microbial communities, and this interaction has fitness consequences for hosts and symbionts. Understanding the mechanisms that preserve host–symbiont association is an important step in studying co-evolution between humans and their mutualist microbial partners. This association is promoted by vertical transmission, which is known to be imperfect. It is unclear whether host–microbial associations can generally be maintained despite ‘leaky’ vertical transmission. Cultural practices of the host are expected to be important in bacterial transmission as they influence the host's interaction with other individuals and with the environment. There is a need to understand whether and how cultural practices affect host–microbial associations. Here, we develop a mathematical model to identify the conditions under which the mutualist can persist in a population where vertical transmission is imperfect. We show with this model that several factors compensate for imperfect vertical transmission, namely, a selective advantage to the host conferred by the mutualist, horizontal transmission of the mutualist through an environmental reservoir and transmission of a cultural practice that promotes microbial transmission. By making the host–microbe association more likely to persist in the face of leaky vertical transmission, these factors strengthen the association which in turn enables host–mutualist co-evolution.
The emerging role of NOTCH3 receptor signalling in human lung diseases
Authors: Bodas Manish , Subramaniyan Bharathiraja , Karmouty-Quintana Harry , Vitiello Peter F. , Walters Matthew S. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The mammalian respiratory system or lung is a tree-like branching structure, and the main site of gas exchange with the external environment. Structurally, the lung is broadly classified into the proximal (or conducting) airways and the distal alveolar region, where the gas exchange occurs. In parallel with the respiratory tree, the pulmonary vasculature starts with large pulmonary arteries that subdivide rapidly ending in capillaries adjacent to alveolar structures to enable gas exchange. The NOTCH signalling pathway plays an important role in lung development, differentiation and regeneration post-injury. Signalling via the NOTCH pathway is mediated through activation of four NOTCH receptors (NOTCH1-4), with each receptor capable of regulating unique biological processes. Dysregulation of the NOTCH pathway has been associated with development and pathophysiology of multiple adult acute and chronic lung diseases. This includes accumulating evidence that alteration of NOTCH3 signalling plays an important role in the development and pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, asthma, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and pulmonary arterial hypertension. Herein, we provide a comprehensive summary of the role of NOTCH3 signalling in regulating repair/regeneration of the adult lung, its association with development of lung disease and potential therapeutic strategies to target its signalling activity.
The Gaussian structure of the singular stochastic Burgers equation
Authors: Mattingly Jonathan C. , Romito Marco , Su Langxuan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe consider the stochastically forced Burgers equation with an emphasis on spatially rough driving noise. We show that the law of the process at a fixed timet, conditioned on no explosions, is absolutely continuous with respect to the stochastic heat equation obtained by removing the nonlinearity from the equation. This establishes a form of ellipticity in this infinite-dimensional setting. The results follow from a recasting of the Girsanov Theorem to handle less spatially regular solutions while only proving absolute continuity at a fixed time and not on path-space. The results are proven by decomposing the solution into the sum of auxiliary processes, which are then shown to be absolutely continuous in law to a stochastic heat equation. The number of levels in this decomposition diverges to infinite as we move to the stochastically forced Burgers equation associated to the KPZ equation, which we conjecture is just beyond the validity of our results (and certainly the current proof). The analysis provides insights into the structure of the solution as we approach the regularity of KPZ. A number of techniques from singular SPDEs are employed, as we are beyond the regime of classical solutions for much of the paper.
An adjacent-swap Markov chain on coalescent trees
Authors: Simper Mackenzie , Palacios Julia A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe standard coalescent is widely used in evolutionary biology and population genetics to model the ancestral history of a sample of molecular sequences as a rooted and ranked binary tree. In this paper we present a representation of the space of ranked trees as a space of constrained ordered matched pairs. We use this representation to define ergodic Markov chains on labeled and unlabeled ranked tree shapes analogously to transposition chains on the space of permutations. We show that an adjacent-swap chain on labeled and unlabeled ranked tree shapes has a mixing time at least of order
$n^3$
, and at most of order
$n^{4}$
. Bayesian inference methods rely on Markov chain Monte Carlo methods on the space of trees. Thus it is important to define good Markov chains which are easy to simulate and for which rates of convergence can be studied.
Renewal theory for iterated perturbed random walks on a general branching process tree: Early generations
Authors: Iksanov Alexander , Rashytov Bohdan , Samoilenko Igor 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLet
$(\xi_k,\eta_k)_{k\in\mathbb{N}}$
be independent identically distributed random vectors with arbitrarily dependent positive components. We call a (globally) perturbed random walk a random sequence
$T\,{:\!=}\, (T_k)_{k\in\mathbb{N}}$
defined by
$T_k\,{:\!=}\, \xi_1+\cdots+\xi_{k-1}+\eta_k$
for
$k\in\mathbb{N}$
. Consider a general branching process generated by T and let
$N_j(t)$
denote the number of the jth generation individuals with birth times
$\leq t$
. We treat early generations, that is, fixed generations j which do not depend on t. In this setting we prove counterparts for
$\mathbb{E}N_j$
of the Blackwell theorem and the key renewal theorem, prove a strong law of large numbers for
$N_j$
, and find the first-order asymptotics for the variance of
$N_j$
. Also, we prove a functional limit theorem for the vector-valued process
$(N_1(ut),\ldots, N_j(ut))_{u\geq0}$
, properly normalized and centered, as
$t\to\infty$
. The limit is a vector-valued Gaussian process whose components are integrated Brownian motions.
TIME AND HUMAN FRAGILITY IN THE LANDSCAPE SIMILES OF THE ILIAD
Authors: Bray Chloe 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis article explores the propensity of Iliadic landscape similes to encourage reflections on human fragility. Landscape in the similes is usually interpreted as a medium which conveys a consistent symbolic value (for example storms as the hostility of nature); however, landscape is often a more flexible medium. By offering close readings of three Iliadic similes (winter torrents at 4.452–6, snowfall at 12.279–89 and clear night at 8.555–9), this article argues that landscape allowed the poet to frame the main narrative in various ways, both helping the listener to imagine described events and interrupting the listener's immersion in the main narrative. While many have analysed how similes offer analogies to the main narrative, the ways in which the same simile can also disrupt and reframe the narrative are less understood. This article observes that shifts in narrative space and time played a key role in changing the perspective of the listener. Taking a broadly phenomenological approach, it proposes that embodied descriptions of space, which recreate the experience of the moving body in landscape, invite the listener to consider the temporal scale of the natural world. By looking at how landscape in select similes shifts the listener's spatial and temporal experience, this article argues that landscape contributes to the wider Iliadic theme of human fragility. In particular, it identifies the potential for landscape similes to minimize the scale of human experience, question the possibility of human agency, and reveal the limitations of human perspectives and knowledge.
The Iconic Paths of La Verge de Montserrat in Catalonia and Beyond: A Comparative Approach from History and Anthropology
Authors: Canals Roger , Muñoz Celeste 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLa Verge de Montserrat is a statue of the Virgin Mary and her son found in Catalonia in the eleventh century in which both characters are depicted as “Black.” This female figure occupies a particular position in current Catalonia since she is considered the patron saint of the country and constitutes one of the symbolic cornerstones of Catalan nationalism. Through the concept of “iconic path,” this article tracks the formation and evolution of this image in Catalonia from its inception until the present day, bringing special attention to the roles and significances that it has acquired within the context of the current pro-independence movement. We also draw a comparison between the “lives” of this image in Catalonia and its development in other countries, namely Puerto Rico, Equatorial Guinea and Sardinia. In each of these places, the image of the goddess has been reinterpreted according to local viewpoints. Yet these conceptualizations are not fixed or homogeneous, but radically dynamic and problematic. The iconic paths of images diverge and converge across time giving birth to new creative exercises. Through this approach, our aim is to propose a relational and processual model for the study of religious images, and images in general, as historical objects.
Doing ageing research in pandemic times: a reflexive approach towards research ethics during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Galčanová Batista Lucie , Urbaniak Anna , Wanka Anna 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe outbreak of COVID-19 has had a significant impact on societies and individual lives across the globe. In this paper, we address the impact of the pandemic and the protective measures on empirical social scientific ageing research through the lens of ‘ethically important moments’. One of the most crucial measures for preventing the spread of the virus includes social distancing; therefore, empirical research methods based on person-to-person direct contact (as in interviews) and first-hand observation have been scaled back since 2020. For ageing research, the challenges are particularly pronounced due to the ongoing discussion regarding vulnerabilities associated with higher age and age-based discrimination. Hence, many researchers focusing on ageing are facing some difficult questions: How and under what conditions can we carry on with empirical research without putting our research participants and ourselves at risk? Firstly, we systematically identify the key dimensions and challenges that have shaped social scientific research during the lockdowns associated with the COVID-19 pandemic: fragmentation, fluidity, ambiguity and uncertainty. Then, using insights from two international research projects, we illustrate and critically reflect on the ethically important moments and practical dilemmas that have resulted from these pandemic challenges when researching with and about older adults.
To what extent do Socratic seminar activities encourage engagement in Classical Civilisation lessons?
Authors: Robinson Lois 
Published: September 2022

AbstractClassroom dialogue provides significant opportunity for students to build on their understanding of a subject. It is also a vector through which the educator can assess progress in their lessons (Alexander, 2008). The purpose of this study was to explore what effect a specific form of classroom dialogue (the Socratic seminar) has on student engagement, and consequently, their learning.
Caught Between Extremes: Understanding Human‐Water Interactions During Drought‐To‐Flood Events in the Horn of Africa
Authors: Matanó Alessia , de Ruiter Marleen C. , Koehler Johanna , Ward Philip J. , Van Loon Anne F. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDisaster risks are the results of complex spatiotemporal interactions between risk components, impacts and societal response. The complexities of these interactions increase when multi‐risk events occur in vulnerable contexts characterized by ethnic conflicts, unstable governments, and high levels of poverty, resulting in impacts that are larger than anticipated. Yet, only few multi‐risk studies explore human‐environment interactions, as most studies are hazard‐focused, consider only a single‐type of multi‐risk interaction, and rarely account for spatiotemporal dynamics of risk components. Here, we developed a step‐wise, bottom‐up approach, in which a range of qualitative and semi‐quantitative methods was used iteratively to reconstruct interactions and feedback loops between risk components and impacts of consecutive drought‐to‐flood events, and explore their spatiotemporal variations. Within this approach, we conceptualize disaster risk as a set of multiple (societal and physical) events interacting and evolving across space and time. The approach was applied to the 2017–2018 humanitarian crises in Kenya and Ethiopia, where extensive flooding followed a severe drought lasting 18–24 months. The events were also accompanied by government elections, crop pest outbreaks and ethnic conflicts. Results show that (a) the highly vulnerable Kenyan and Ethiopian contexts further aggravated drought and flood impacts; (b) heavy rainfall after drought led to both an increase and decrease of the drought impacts dependent on topographic and socio‐economic conditions; (c) societal response to one hazard may influence risk components of opposite hazards. A better understanding of the human‐water interactions that characterize multi‐risk events can support the development of effective monitoring systems and response strategies.