bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Network layer communication protocol design for underwater agriculture farming
Authors: Manikandan T. T. , Sukumaran Rajeev , Radhakrishnan M. , Christhuraj M. R. , Saravanan M. 
Published: January 2022

SummaryIn recent times, underwater agriculture farming is seen as a viable alternative to land‐based farming by agricultural scientists due to increasing limitations in land‐based farming areas around the world. But farming underwater is not as easy as it is said. Continuous monitoring of different parameters of the water inside the biosphere where the herbs, crops, and plants are cultivated is one of the highest priorities for the effective outcome in underwater farming. To achieve such precise monitoring, sensor‐based data collection from the underwater biosphere is the only way. Employing human divers for monitoring of water parameters has many limitations such as diving time, accidents due to harsh underwater environment. Alternatively, adopting sensor‐based monitoring provides spatial and temporal flexibility. But one of the significant challenges of such an underwater wireless sensor network (UWSN) is ensuring reliable communication between the underwater sensors and surface station. To ensure reliable delivery of sensed information network layer operation is vital. The underwater environment has unique challenges such as high interference, harsh environment, limited lifetime, and short network lifetime the network layer protocols of terrestrial networks can't be adopted into the underwater environment. So this research focuses on the development of a mathematical model for network layer communication using stochastic network calculus (SNC) taking into consideration the requirements of underwater agriculture farming application. In this research, the delay and backlog bounds of the proposed model are derived. The proposed mathematical model is also evaluated for its correctness using the discrete event simulation.
Anatomical and histological assessment of left bundle branch area pacing in human heart with refractory heart failure
Authors: Zhang Jiefang , Pan Yiwen , Sun Yaxun , Fu Guosheng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAs an emerging pacing technique, left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP) has served as a physiological pacing modality that overcomes the limitations of His bundle pacing (HBP) or right ventricular pacing. Three patients with terminal heart failure who were waiting for heart transplantation and met the indications of pacemaker implantations received LBBAP. Symptoms were relieved and stabilized and eventually received heart transplantation. Diseased hearts from the recipients were dissected post‐transplantation, and the direct visual of pacing lead locations in the interventricular septum were evaluated, and the histopathological examination around the lead was conducted for the first time in human. As a result, we found that the locations of LBBAP leads were matched with fluoroscopic views during the procedure and Masson's staining showed extensive fibrosis occur around the lead but did not result in high thresholds.
Assessment of congestion and clinical outcomes in patients with chronic heart failure using shear wave elasticity
Authors: Nakayama Rie , Takaya Yoichi , Nakamura Kazufumi , Takemoto Rika , Toh Norihisa , Ito Hiroshi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimsThe relief of congestion is essential for the prevention of worsening heart failure (HF) resulting in hospitalizations. Assessment of the degree of organ congestion in the chronic phase of HF is important for determining therapeutic strategies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of shear wave (SW) elasticity for assessing congestion and clinical outcomes in patients with chronic HF.Methods and resultsWe prospectively enrolled 345 consecutive patients with chronic HF who underwent SW elastography at outpatient clinic. Patients were divided into two groups according to the median value of SW elasticity: low group (SW elasticity <6.4 kPa, n = 176) and high group (SW elasticity ≥6.4 kPa, n = 169). The endpoint was cardiovascular death or hospitalization for HF. During the median follow‐up period of 19 months (range: 7–36 months), cardiovascular death or hospitalization for HF occurred in 4 patients of low group and 27 patients of high group. In high group, 8 patients died, and 19 patients were hospitalized for HF. In low group, 3 patients died, and 1 patient was hospitalized. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that the event‐free survival rate was worse in high group than in low group (log‐rank test, P = 0.004). After adjusting for variables, high SW elasticity was independently related to cardiac events. In multivariate regression analysis, SW elasticity was correlated with left atrial volume index, early diastolic mitral inflow velocity to mitral annular velocity ratio, and inferior vena cava diameter.ConclusionsThe SW elasticity reflected haemodynamic congestion in patients with chronic HF, which was related to cardiac events.
Free‐Radical Epimerization of d‐ into l‐C‐(Glycosyl)methanol Compounds Using 1,5‐Hydrogen Atom Transfer Reaction
Authors: Montes Adrián S. , León Elisa I. , Martín Ángeles , Pérez‐Martín Inés , Suárez Ernesto 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA simple epimerization of C‐(α‐d‐Glyp)methanol into C‐(β‐l‐Glyp)methanol compounds is described. The radical sequence involved homolytic cleavage of the C5−H bond by 1,5‐hydrogen atom transfer promoted by the 1’‐O‐yl radical and subsequent hydride addition with inversion of configuration. This methodology allows the preparation of rare C‐(β‐l‐Idop)‐, C‐(β‐l‐Altp)‐, C‐(β‐l‐Gulp)‐, C‐(β‐l‐Allp)methanol glycosides starting from carbohydrates of the d‐series. It can also be applied to transform l‐ into d‐configured C‐glycosyl compounds, as illustrated by the formation of C‐(β‐d‐6dGulp)‐ and C‐(β‐d‐6dAltp)methanol from readily accessible l‐rhamno and l‐fuco analogs, respectively. In further development of this procedure compounds with C‐(β‐l‐Araf)‐ and C‐(β‐l‐5dRibf)methanol structures have also been synthesized. The alkoxyl radicals were generated by reaction of the corresponding N‐alkoxyphthalimides with nBu3SnH(D) and in comparative terms, by visible light‐photocatalysis using the Hantzsch ester/fac‐Ir(ppy)3 procedure. The influence of the sugar ring conformation and the electronegativity of the substituents on the stereochemical outcome will be addressed.
Three‐phase transformerless photovoltaic inverter without common mode leakage current
Authors: Yao Zhilei , He Xiangyu , Gan Jiwei , Mao Saijun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSince three‐phase transformerless (TPT) PV inverters have large common mode leakage current (CMLC), a TPT PV inverter without CMLC is proposed. The proposed inverter is derived from three single‐phase half‐bridge inverters and a boost converter. Grounds of the PV array and three‐phase loads are connected directly, so no CMLC exists in the TPT solar inverter. Operating principle, stability analysis, and loss calculation and example of the proposed three‐phase inverter are illustrated in detail. The pulse‐width modulation (PWM) and sinusoidal PWM control methods are used in the boost converter and three‐phase inverter, respectively. The proposed inverter is a stable system. Finally, simulation and experimental results of a 900‐W TPT PV inverter confirm the theoretical analysis. The CMLC in the proposed inverter is only about 0.8 mA, which is mainly caused by the ground line inductance and oscilloscope probe noise.
Harry Harlow's pit of despair: Depression in monkeys and men
Authors: van Rosmalen Lenny , Luijk Maartje P. C. M. , van der Horst Frank C. P. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMajor depressive disorder is the most common mood disorder in the United States today and the need for adequate treatment has been universally desired for over a century. Harry Harlow, famous for his research with rhesus monkeys, was heavily criticized when he undertook his controversial experiments trying to find a solution for depression in the 1960s–1970s. His research, however, did not just evolve gradually from his earlier research into learning and into love. Recently disclosed hand‐written notes show, for the first time, the severity of Harlow's depressions as he wrote in detail about his feelings and thoughts during his stay in a mental hospital in 1968. In these notes, Harlow repeatedly vowed to put every effort into finding a cure for depression. This may, for a large part, explain why he did not stop his rigorous animal experiments where critics argue he should have, and he eventually managed to book positive results.
Hemagglutinin-based DNA vaccines containing trimeric self-assembling nanoparticles confer protection against influenza
Authors: Qiao Yongbo , Jin Shenghui , Nie Jiaojiao , Chang Yaotian , Wang Bo , Guan Shanshan , Li Qinghan , Shi Yuhua , Kong Wei , Shan Yaming 
Published: January 2022

AbstractInfluenza viruses continue to threaten public health, and currently available vaccines provide insufficient immunity against seasonal and pandemic influenza. The use of recombinant trimeric hemagglutinin (HA) as an Ag provides an attractive alternative to current influenza vaccines. Aiming to develop an effective vaccine with rapid production, robust immunogenicity, and high protective efficiency, a DNA vaccine was designed by fusing influenza virus HA with self-assembled ferritin nanoparticles, denoted as HA-F. This candidate vaccine was prepared and purified in a 293–6E cell eukaryotic expression system. After BALB/c mice were immunized with 100 μg of HA-F DNA 3 times, HA-F elicited significant HA-specific humoral immunity and T cell immune responses. The HA-F DNA vaccine also conferred protection in mice against a lethal infection of homologous A/17/California/2009/38 (H1N1) virus. These results suggest that the HA-F DNA vaccine is a competitive vaccine candidate and presents a promising vaccination approach against influenza viruses.
Improved magnetic solid‐phase extraction based on magnetic sorbent obtained from sand for the extraction of pesticides from fruit juice
Authors: Mohebbi Ali , Farajzadeh Mir Ali , Sorouraddin Saeed Mohammad , Abbaspour Maryam 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDA combination of magnetic solid‐phase extraction using an efficient and cheap magnetic sorbent obtained from sand and dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction has been developed for the extraction of nine multiclass pesticides (clodinafop‐propargyl, haloxyfop‐R‐methyl, fenoxaprop‐P‐ethyl, oxadiazon, penconazole, diniconazole, chlorpyrifos, fenazaquin, and fenpropathrin) from commercial fruit juices (sour cherry, pomegranate, grape, watermelon, orange, apricot, and peach juices). The enriched pesticides were determined by gas chromatography–flame ionization detector and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The sorbent was natural iron oxide entrapped in silica along with some impurities. In this method, to extract the analytes from the samples, an appropriate amount of the magnetic sorbent (at mg level) is added. Then the sorbent particles are isolated from the solution using an external magnetic field and the adsorbed analytes are desorbed from the sorbent by acetone. In the following, a dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction procedure is carried out to concentrate the analytes more and to reach low limits of detection.RESULTSUnder optimized extraction conditions, the method revealed satisfactory repeatability (relative standard deviation ≤8% for intra‐day and inter‐day precision), reasonable extraction recovery (43.3–55.9%), high enrichment factors (433–559), and low limits of detection (0.45–0.89 μg L−1).CONCLUSIONThe method was applied in the analysis of pesticides in various fruit juices. Chlorpyrifos was found in peach juice at a concentration of 27 ± 2 μg L−1 (n = 3) using a gas chromatography–flame ionization detector. To verify the results, the peach juice was also injected into gas chromatography–mass spectrometry after applying the proposed extraction method. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
The clinical outcome of hemicortical resection in extremity malignant bone tumors
Authors: Kim Yongsung , Cho Wan Hyeong , Jeon Dae‐Geun , Kim Min Suk , Song Won Seok 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionHemicortical resection is challenging when a huge fungating tumor is covering the osteotomy site. We report the clinical outcome of hemicortical resection and reconstruction for primary bone tumors, especially with high‐grade histology and extensive circumferential involvement.Materials and MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 44 patients (males, n = 18; females, n = 26) who underwent hemicortical resection from 2005 to 2014.ResultsThe median follow‐up period was 46.0 (23–178) months. Disease‐specific, local recurrence‐free, and metastasis‐free survival rates of patients in the malignant group at 5 years were 96.6%, 84.5%, and 93.6%, respectively. Among 42 patients, there were local recurrences (n = 6), metastasis (n = 2), and death (n = 1). Surgical margin was an independent prognostic factor for local recurrence (hazard ratio = 5.7; p = 0.038). The recycled autograft and strut allograft groups did not show statistical difference in bone union. Failure rate was 31.8% and local recurrence was the most frequent, followed by infection.ConclusionHemicortical resection can be a feasible option for extremity malignant bone tumors. Regarding reconstruction, there were no difference between autograft and allograft in bone union rate. Surgical margin was an independent prognostic factor for local recurrence.
Complications of Gastrostomy Tubes in Patients With Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Vujasinovic Miroslav , Marsk Elin , Tsolakis Apostolos V. , Hynning Boel , Nordberg Martin , Lindblad Mats , Lindqvist Catarina , Nordenvall Lalle H. , Bark Rusana , Elbe Peter 
Published: January 2022

ObjectivesHead and neck cancers (HNCs) include various malignant tumors of the upper aerodigestive tract. Due to their anatomical location, HNCs can cause obstruction, odynophagia, or trismus, leading to dysphagia. In addition, this patient group may be vulnerable to treatment side effects both by surgery and oncological treatment, exposing the patients to an even higher risk of malnutrition. The risk of malnourishment is often resolved by applying a feeding gastrostomy tube. The present study aims to identify complication rates after percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) and open gastrostomy (OG) in patients treated for HNC in a high‐volume center.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of all patients treated for a new diagnosis of HNC at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery at Karolinska University Hospital between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2018 in whom gastrostomy was performed.ResultsRegarding tumor location, 165 (56.7%) were in the pharynx, 68 (23.4%) in the oral cavity, 57 (19.6%) in the larynx, and 1 (0.3%) in the nasal cavity. PEG was performed in 240 (82.5%) and OG in 51 (17.5%) patients. The overall complication rate was 28.2%: 64 (26.7%) among PEG patients and 18 (35.3%) among OG patients. The incidence of major complications was 3.1%.ConclusionsOur study confirms that enteral feeding via gastrostomy is a safe method, regardless of the technique used (PEG or OG), with a low rate of major complications and no mortality linked to the procedure.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 132:1778–1784, 2022
A bis(pyrazolyl)methane derivative against clinical Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from otitis externa
Authors: Ocaña Ana V. , Aguilera‐Correa John J. , Domínguez‐Jurado Elena , Pérez‐Martínez Francisco C. , Pérez‐Tanoira Ramón , López‐Carretero Yaiza , Masiá‐Mondejar Jesús , Castro‐Osma José Antonio , Esteban Jaime , Alonso‐Moreno Carlos , Molina‐Alarcón Milagros , Seguí Pedro 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial effects of a p‐Cymene‐based bis(pyrazolyl)methane derivative (SC‐19) to advance in developing alternative therapeutic compounds to fight against bacterial isolates from patients with otitis externa (OE).MethodsEighteen swab specimens were collected from patients aged over 18 years diagnosed with OE within at least 7 days of symptom onset, contaminated by only one bacterium type: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 5); Staphylococcus aureus (n = 8); Klebsiella aerogenes (n = 2); Serratia marcescens (n = 1); Morganella morganii (n = 2). To appraise antibacterial activity, minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC), minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC), and minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) assays were run at different SC‐19 concentrations.ResultsWhen using SC‐19, S. aureus strains showed less bacterial growth, but no bactericidal effect was observed. The MIC and MBC of SC‐19 were 62.5 and 2000 μg/ml against S. aureus and were >2000 μg/ml against the other isolates obtained from OE, respectively. In addition, the MBICs and MBECs of SC‐19 against S. aureus were 125 and >2000 μg/ml, respectively.ConclusionNowadays the acquired antibiotic resistance phenomenon has stimulated research into novel and more efficient therapeutic agents. Hence, we report that, helped by the structural diversity fostered herein by a range of bis(pyrazolyl)methane derivatives, SC‐19 can be a promising alternative therapeutic option for treating OE caused by S. aureus given the observed effects on both planktonic state and biofilm.Level of EvidenceIV
3D Printing Auxetic Architectures for Hypertrophic Scar Therapy
Authors: Chow Lung , Yick Kit‐lun , Wong Kam Ho , Leung Matthew Sin‐hang , Sun Yue , Kwan Mei‐ying , Ning Karolyn , Yu Annie , Yip Joanne , Chan Ying‐fan , Ng Sun‐pui 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFitting the human body for different purposes such as flexible electronics and functional garments can be a challenging task. Pressure garments are used to treat hypertrophic scars (HSs)pr. However, they have often failed to provide consistent pressure during joint movement. To increase the therapy efficacy, the application is proposed of 3D printed thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) with an auxetic architecture insert for pressure therapy. Auxetic material can undergo an out‐of‐plane bending into a synclastic curvature, which can easily accommodate the contours of the human body. In this study, the synclastic effect of the auxetic structure under out‐of‐plane bending is illustrated through finite element analysis (FEA) first. Next, the formability, structural deformation, and auxetic response of re‐entrant (RE) and double‐arrowhead (DAH) auxetic structures when loading by a spherical surface in out‐of‐plane direction are unprecedentedly evaluated experimentally and numerically. It can be observed the internal angle of auxetic structure plays an important role regarding shape formability. Nevertheless, the result of wear trial reveals this design facilitates a stable level of pressure during the body motion which promotes the recovery of HS. It is believed the characterized result of auxetic architectures not only contribute to HS therapy, but also any type of biomedical devices.
Accelerating alternating least squares for tensor decomposition by pairwise perturbation
Authors: Ma Linjian , Solomonik Edgar 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe alternating least squares (ALS) algorithm for CP and Tucker decomposition is dominated in cost by the tensor contractions necessary to set up the quadratic optimization subproblems. We introduce a novel family of algorithms that uses perturbative corrections to the subproblems rather than recomputing the tensor contractions. This approximation is accurate when the factor matrices are changing little across iterations, which occurs when ALS approaches convergence. We provide a theoretical analysis to bound the approximation error. Our numerical experiments demonstrate that the proposed pairwise perturbation algorithms are easy to control and converge to minima that are as good as ALS. The experimental results show improvements of up to 3.1 with respect to state‐of‐the‐art ALS approaches for various model tensor problems and real datasets.
Risks and limitations of steam curtains protection in case of flammable gases leakage
Authors: Kulich Martin , Herink Tomas 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRefinery and petrochemical production facilities process and produce gaseous and liquid hydrocarbons. In case of any failure, improper design, or human error, flammable or toxic substances can be released into the environment. In such cases, vapor barriers of steam curtains are used in the chemical industry to primarily dilute the released gases as well as to divert the gases to the safe area away from a potential source of ignition. When steam is ejected from a nozzle in the pipe wall, the medium rubs against the edge of the nozzle, liquid water impinges on the wall of the nozzle, and an electrostatic charge can therefore be expected. From the above description, it can be deduced that if the operation of the steam curtains is associated with the generation of electrostatic charge and the possibility of its discharge and the generation of electrostatic sparks, the activation of the steam curtains during the discharge of flammable gases paradoxically represents a certain risk. From the point of view of assessing the potential risks in the operation of vapor barriers, the magnitude of the electric charge energy generated is a crucial issue. Measuring the electric charge on the flowing steam from the nozzles is complicated with a large scatter of measured values. However, with reference to the experience gained from repeated measurements, the experimentally measured values and the obtained results can at least be seen as an expert estimate. This paper focuses on the evaluation of experimental measurements of the magnitude of the generated electrostatic charge on real steam curtains of an ethylene plant. Based on the measured results, risks are defined and appropriate measures are taken.
Evaluation of the effect of nitric oxide inhalation in the patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension or pulmonary disease during balloon pulmonary angioplasty
Authors: Saito Shota , Ikeda Nobutaka , Iijima Raisuke , Hara Hidehiko , Nakamura Masato 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBalloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA) for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) or pulmonary disease (CTEPD) is performed worldwide. High mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) during BPA is associated with aggravation of procedure‐related complications. Inhaled nitric oxide (NO) acts as a pulmonary vasodilator in CTEPH patients. The aim of this retrospective observational study was to evaluate the effects of inhaled NO in CTEPH/CTEPD patients during BPA. We assessed hemodynamic changes and the frequency of procedure‐related complications with or without NO inhalation. We performed 338 consecutive BPA in 72 CTEPH/CTEPD patients between April 2016 and November 2020. Since December 2019, all 16 patients (72‐BPA sessions) inhaled NO during the procedure as a routine. Inhaled NO significantly reduced mPAP from 31.3 ± 8.5 to 27.2 ± 6.8 mmHg (p < 0.001) without lowering systemic blood pressure (systolic: 139.9 ± 19.9 vs. 135.3 ± 21.8 mmHg; p = 0.247, diastolic: 82.8 ± 13.0 vs. 79.0 ± 9.3 mmHg; p = 0.085, before vs. after NO inhalation, respectively). Procedure‐related complications were observed in 46 sessions (13.6%). The incidence of hemoptysis was significantly higher in the NO group than in the non‐NO group (20.8% vs. 10.9%; p = 0.031). In contrast, all fatal complications (death and use of positive pressure ventilation) occurred in the non‐NO group, but the difference was not statistically significant (0 sessions [0.0%] vs. 7 sessions [2.6%], p = 0.353). Inhaled NO acts as a selective pulmonary vasodilator in CTEPH/CTEPD patients during the BPA procedure.