bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between exclusive breastfeeding and postpartum post-traumatic stress disorder
Authors: Chen Jingfen , Lai Xiaolu , Zhou Lepeng , Retnakaran Ravi , Wen Shi Wu , Krewski Daniel , Huang Liping , Li Meng , Xie Ri-hua 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Research on the association between breastfeeding and postpartum post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is sparse. This study aimed to examine the association between exclusive breastfeeding up to 42 days after childbirth and postpartum PTSD.

Methods
An epidemiologic study was conducted in a tertiary hospital in China between October 2019 and October 2020. Eligible mothers were recruited at 3 days after childbirth and assessed using the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist – Civilian version (PCL-C) for PTSD at 42 days postpartum. The independent association between exclusive breastfeeding up to 42 days after childbirth and postpartum PTSD was estimated using log-binomial regression models, after adjusting for potential confounders.

Results
Ninety-two of 759 (12.1%) mothers developed postpartum PTSD within 42 days after childbirth. Compared with partially breastfeeding mothers, exclusively breastfeeding mothers had lower risks of postpartum PTSD (relative risk [RR] 0.28; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.13, 0.59), re-experience (RR 0.48; 95% CI 0.30, 0.76), avoidance (RR 0.55; 95% CI 0.32, 0.97), and hyperarousal (RR 0.52; 95% CI 0.34, 0.78). After adjustment for family support, parity, mode of delivery, perceived birth trauma, early contact / suckling, and rooming-in, associations between exclusive breastfeeding and postpartum PTSD remained significant: the overall PTSD adjusted relative risk [aRR] was 0.31; (95% CI 0.15, 0.66), with a re-experience aRR of 0.48; (95% CI 0.30, 0.77) and hyperarousal aRR of 0.56; (95% CI 0.37, 0.85).

Conclusion
Exclusive breastfeeding up to 42 days after childbirth was associated with reduced risk of postpartum PTSD. While the potential for reverse causation cannot be ruled out, strategies to improve rates of exclusive breastfeeding through teaching, counselling, and support may benefit mothers and their infants by reducing the risk of postpartum PTSD.
Hyperspectral imaging-based classification of rice leaf blast severity over multiple growth stages
Authors: Zhang Guosheng , Xu Tongyu , Tian Youwen 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Rice blast, which is prevalent worldwide, represents a serious threat to harvested crop yield and quality. Hyperspectral imaging, an emerging technology used in plant disease research, is a stable, repeatable method for disease grading. Current methods for assessing disease severity have mostly focused on individual growth stages rather than multiple ones. In this study, the spectral reflectance ratio (SRR) of whole leaves were calculated, the sensitive wave bands were selected using the successive projections algorithm (SPA) and the support vector machine (SVM) models were constructed to assess rice leaf blast severity over multiple growth stages.

Results
The average accuracy, micro F1 values, and macro F1 values of the full-spectrum-based SVM model were respectively 94.75%, 0.869, and 0.883 in 2019; 92.92%, 0.823, and 0.808 in 2021; and 88.09%, 0.702, and 0.757 under the 2019–2021 combined model. The SRR–SVM model could be used to evaluate rice leaf blast disease during multiple growth stages and had good generalizability.

Conclusions
The proposed SRR data analysis method is able to eliminate differences among individuals to some extent, thus allowing for its application to assess rice leaf blast severity over multiple growth stages. Our approach, which can supplement single-stage disease-degree classification, provides a possible direction for future research on the assessment of plant disease severity during multiple growth stages.
“I'm putting a Band-Aid on a bullet hole the only way I know how:” a qualitative study of barriers and facilitators to opioid misuse and recovery in Nevada
Authors: Swigart Tessa , Lee Lisa 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNevada, like the rest of the United States, is undergoing substantial challenges with opioid misuse and overdose deaths, further exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. While much of the attention around opioid overdose prevention is centered on treatment and recovery, it is important to understand the factors that influence initiation of use, and the function opioids play in people’s everyday lives. We conducted qualitative semi-structured individual interviews using purposive and snowball sampling among 35 people across Nevada with a current or prior history of illegal opioid or nonmedical opioid use. Our study aimed to understand why people start to use drugs, why they continue to use, what motivates them to continue to use or to seek treatment, and why individuals maintain recovery or return to use. We found five significant themes as perceived by the participants: that trauma is a risk factor for drug misuse; that the function of opioids in everyday life is a source of temporary relief but highly disruptive in the longer term; that recovery is most often a complicated and nonlinear process; that there are many barriers to accessing services that are both logistical and psychosocial; and that compassion, hope, and having a sense of purpose are crucial to the recovery process. The experiences of the study participants portray opioid use as a rational choice to escape the emotional ramifications of trauma. However, due to the physiological dependence and physical risk of opioids, drug policies that criminalize addiction, societal stigma, and the barriers to timely access of harm reduction, treatment, and recovery services, opioid users often become trapped in a distressing and dangerous cycle. Lastly, respondents indicated that hope, value, belonging, and purpose are powerful factors in cultivating intrinsic motivation for making positive changes and fostering resilience in the recovery process. Opioid misuse services should help meet basic needs and incorporate holistic approaches to recovery that acknowledge past trauma and the complexity of the recovery process.
Osteoregenerative efficacy of a novel synthetic, resorbable Ca/P/S-based bone graft substitute in intra- and peri-articular fractures: a brief medical image-based report
Authors: Yang Tai-Hua , Chou Yi-Chuan , Ju Chien-Ping , Chern Lin Jiin-Huey 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
When a fracture goes into or around a joint, it usually damages the cartilage at the ends of bones and other joint tissue. As a result, the affected joints are prone to traumatic arthritis, leading to stiffness. Repairing bone damage, maintaining joint integrity, and avoiding subchondral and metaphyseal defects caused by comminuted fractures is often a great challenge for orthopedic surgeons. Tissue engineering of synthetic bone substitutes has proven beneficial to the attachment and proliferation of bone cells, promoting the formation of mature tissues with sufficient mechanical strength and has become a promising alternative to autograft methods. The purpose of this study is to retrospectively evaluate the clinical outcome and efficacy of a novel synthetic, highly biocompatible, and fully resorbable Ca/P/S-based bone substitute based on medical image findings.

Materials and methods
A synthetic, inorganic and highly porous Ca/P/S-based bone-substituting material (Ezechbone® Granule, CBS-400) has been developed by National Cheng-Kung University. We collected fourteen cases of complex intra- and peri-articular fractures with Ezechbone® Granule bone grafting between 2019/11 and 2021/11. We studied the evidence of bone healing by reviewing, interpreting and analyzing the medical image recordings.

Results
In the present study, CBS-400 was observed to quickly integrate into surrounding bone within three weeks after grafting during the initial callus formation of the early stage of repair. All of these cases healed entirely within three months. In addition, the patient may return to daily life function after 3.5 months of follow-up and rehabilitation treatment.

Conclusions
Ezechbone® Granule CBS-400 was proved capable of promoting bone healing and early rehabilitation to prevent soft tissue adhesions and joint contractures. Moreover, it has a high potential for avoiding ectopic bone formation or abnormal synostosis.

Trial registration

The Institutional Review Board at National Cheng Kung University Hospital (NCKUH) approved the study protocol (A-ER-109-031, 3-13-2020).
Experiences and perceptions of coercive practices in mental health care among service users in Nigeria: a qualitative study
Authors: Aluh Deborah Oyine , Ayilara Olaniyi , Onu Justus Uchenna , Grigaitė Ugnė , Pedrosa Barbara , Santos-Dias Margarida , Cardoso Graça , Caldas-de-Almeida José Miguel 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
People with mental health problems are more vulnerable to a broad range of coercive practices and human rights abuses. There is a global campaign to eliminate, or at the very least decrease, the use of coercion in mental health care. The use of coercion in psychiatric hospitals in developing countries is poorly documented. The primary aim of this study was to explore service users’ perceptions and experiences of coercion in psychiatric hospitals in Nigeria.

Methods
Four focus group discussions were carried out among 30 service users on admission in two major psychiatric hospitals in Nigeria. The audio recordings were transcribed verbatim and then analyzed thematically with the aid of MAXQDA software.

Results
The Focus group participants included 19 males and 11 females with a mean age of 34.67 ± 9.54. Schizophrenia was the most common diagnosis (40%, n = 12) and had a secondary school education (60%, n = 18). The focus group participants perceived coercion to be a necessary evil in severe cases but anti-therapeutic to their own recovery, an extension of stigma and a vicious cycle of abuse. The experience of involuntary admission revolved mainly around deception, maltreatment, and disdain. Participants in both study sites narrated experiences of being flogged for refusing medication. Mechanical restraint with chains was a common experience for reasons including refusing medications, to prevent absconding and in other cases, punitively. The use of chains was viewed by participants as dehumanizing and excruciatingly painful.

Conclusion
The experiences of coercion by participants in this study confirm that human rights violations occur in large psychiatric hospitals and underscore the need for mental health services reform. The use of coercion in this context reflects agelong underinvestment in the mental health care system in the country and obsolete mental health legislation that does not protect the rights of people with mental health problems. The study findings highlight an urgent need to address issues of human rights violations in psychiatric hospitals in the country.
Evidence of individual differences in the long-term social, psychological, and cognitive consequences of child maltreatment
Authors: Wong Rosa S. , Tung Keith T. S. , Chan Ko Ling , Wong Wilfred H. S. , Tsang Hing Wai , Chow Clare H. Y. , Chua Gilbert T. , Tso Winnie W. Y. , Yam Jason C. , Wong Ian C. K. , lp Patrick 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
The prevalence and consequences of child maltreatment are alarming, but evidence from studies with long follow-up intervals are limited. This study examined the long-term consequences of child maltreatment in relation to age of onset and follow-up interval.

Methods
The exposed group comprised 63 individuals (aged 13–34 years) with a first-time diagnosis of child maltreatment between 2001 and 2010, whereas the unexposed group comprised 63 individuals who were matched upon gender, age of onset, follow-up period, and poverty status at the index hospital admission but had no medical records of maltreatment in Hong Kong. The participants completed a set of questionnaires on executive functions and mental health and provided blood samples for measurement of IL-6 and IL-10 levels during a health assessment session.

Results
Compared with the unexposed group, the exposed group reported poorer maternal care during childhood (β = −4.64, p < 0.001) and had lower family support (β = −2.97, p = 0.010) and higher inflammatory responses (IL-6: β = 0.15, p = 0.001; IL-10: β = 0.11, p = 0.011) at follow-up. Additionally, the associations of childhood maltreatment exposure with family support and maternal care differed by age of onset and the length of time since exposure.

Conclusions
This matched cohort study highlights childhood maltreatment as a risk factor for systemic inflammation and an indicator of suboptimal social environment, both of which could persist over a long period of time.
Testing the effects of 4-week training programs based on extreme and medium-sided soccer games: a study focusing on change-of-direction, vertical jump height and locomotor profile
Authors: Makar Piotr , Praça Gibson , Kawczyński Adam , Akyildiz Zeki , yıldız Mehmet , Aquino Rodrigo , Clemente Filipe Manuel 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimThis study tested the effects of two training programs (one program based on extreme sided-games of 1v1 vs. one program based on the medium-sided game of 5v5) on the physical fitness adaptations of youth soccer players. In specific, it was analyzed the effects of the training programs on the 5–0–5 change-of-direction time (5–0–5 time), countermovement jump (CMJ), and final velocity in the 30–15 Intermittent Fitness test (VIFT).MethodsThis study followed a randomized parallel study design. Twenty male regional-level soccer players (age: 17.0 ± 0.3 years old) were randomly assigned to two groups: (1) the 1v1 format; and (2) the 5v5 format. The training intervention lasted four weeks. The week before (baseline) and the week after the intervention, the participants were assessed in the 5–0–5 change-of-direction test (measured using timing gates), CMJ (measured by photoelectric cells), and 30–15 Intermittent Fitness test. The training intervention consisted of 8 sessions (2 sessions per week). The 1v1 group performed four repetitions of 30 s in each session, while the 5v5 group performed four repetitions of 4 min.ResultsThe 5–0–5 time changed − 4.82% (p = 0.004; d = 1.115) for the 1v1 group and − 4.26% (p = 0.004; d = 0.859) for the 5v5 group. CMJ changes occurred both in the 1v1 and 5v5 group and amounted to 1.7% (p = 0.003; d = 0.509) and 1.2% (p = 0.263; d = 0.155) respectively. VIFT changed 2.6% (p = 0.718; d = 0.178) for the 1v1 group and 3.0% (p = 0.593; d = 0.274) for the 5v5 group. The 1v1 group reported significantly lower post-intervention 5–0–5 time than the 5v5 group (− 4.3%;p = 0.048; d = 0.954), although no significant differences in CMJ (3.2%;p = 0.147; d = 0.678) and VIFT (2.5%;p = 0.697; d = 0.177) were revealed.ConclusionsThe extreme-sided games meaningfully beneficiated the vertical jump height and change-of-direction performance of youth soccer players. The extreme-sided games seem more beneficial than medium-sided games for improving these physical abilities while showing that four weeks were enough to impact the players significantly.
Effects of a small-sided games training program in youth male soccer players: variations of the locomotor profile while interacting with baseline level and with the accumulated load
Authors: Silva Ana Filipa , Oliveira Rafael , Ceylan Halil Ibrahim , Akyildiz Zeki , González-Fernández Francisco Tomás , Nobari Hadi , Yıldız Mehmet , Birlik Sabri , Clemente Filipe Manuel 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to (1) analyze the impact of a small-sided game training program in the locomotor profile of youth male soccer players (while interacting with the baseline level – higher and lower level); and (2) test the relationships between variation in locomotor profile and the accumulated demands in 3v3, 5v5 and match over the period of observation.

Methods
The cohort lasted 3-weeks. Twenty under-17 male amateur soccer players (16.8 ± 0.41 years; experience: 6.35 ± 0.67 years) were assessed twice for their final velocity at 30−15 intermittent fitness test (VIFT), peak speed at 30-m sprint test (PSS) and anaerobic speed reserve (ASR). The PSS was estimated using a Global Positioning System, while the VIFT was estimated using the maximum level attained by the players during the test. Based on the baseline levels, the scores were standardized using the Z-score. The total score of athleticism (TSA) was calculated per player to organize the players into two groups: lower TSA and higher TSA. Over the three weeks of observation, the small-sided games of 3v3 and 5v5 and match demands were monitored using polar team pro. The heart rate responses (mean and peak), distance covered (overall and split by speed thresholds), and peak speed in these games were obtained and summed over the weeks. The repeated measures ANCOVA tested the variations (time) of the locomotor profile of players while considering the baseline as covariable and the group as a factor. The Pearson-product correlation test analyzed the relationships between variations in locomotor profile (Δ, post-baseline) and the accumulated demands in 3v3, 5v5, and match.

Results
Between-groups analysis (lower TSA vs. higher TSA) revealed no significant differences on VIFT (p = 0.915), PSS (p = 0.269), ASR (p = 0.258) and TSA score (p = 0.138). Within-group (baseline vs. post-observation) analysis revealed significant difference on VIFT (p < 0.001), PSS (p = 0.008), while no significant differences were found on ASR (p = 0.949) and TSA score (p = 0.619). Significant correlations were found between ΔPSS and match total distance (r = 0.444; p = 0.050), match Z2 (r = 0.481; p = 0.032) and match Z3 (r = 0.454; p = 0.044). Significant correlations were found between ΔTSA and match total distance (r = 0.457; p = 0.043), match Z1 (r = 0.451; p = 0.046), match Z2 (r = 0.500; p = 0.025) and match Z3 (r = 0.468; p = 0.037).

Conclusion
Significant improvements were observed after the period of observation. However, the fitness baseline level and the accumulated training load in the small-sided games seem to have no significant impact on the observed improvements.
Anticipatory postural adjustments in older versus young adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Duarte Manuela Brito , da Silva Almeida Gizele Cristina , Costa Kelly Helorany Alves , Garcez Daniela Rosa , de Athayde Costa e Silva Anselmo , da Silva Souza Givago , de Melo-Neto João Simão , Callegari Bianca 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) are a feedforward mechanism triggered in advance to a predictable perturbation, to help the individual counteract mechanical effects that the disturbance may cause. Whether or not this strategy is compromised in the elderly is not a consensus in the literature.

Methods
In this systematic review with meta-analysis, we investigated aging effects on postural control, based on anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs). We selected 11 eligible articles of the following databases: Lilacs, SciELO, PubMed, Cochrane Central, Embase, and CINAHL, involving 324 research participants, assessing their methodological quality and extracting electromyographic, posturographic, and kinematic measurements. We included studies that investigated the occurrence of APAs in healthy younger and older adults, published before 10th August 2022, in English. Studies involving participant with conditions that may affect balance or that did not report measures of onset or amplitude of electromyography (EMG), COP, or kinematics were excluded. To analyze the aggregated results from these studies, we performed the analysis based on the outcome measures (EMG, COP, or kinematic measures) used in individual studies. We calculated differences between younger and older adult groups as the mean differences between the groups and the estimated effect. Egger’s test was conducted to evaluate whether this meta-analysis had publication bias.

Results
Through this review, older adults showed no significant difference in the velocity to perform a movement compared to the younger adults (MD 0.95, 95% CI −0.86, 2.76, I2 = 82%), but both muscle onset and center of pressure (COP) onset were significantly more delayed in older than in younger adults: erector spinae (MD −31.44, 95% CI −61.79, −1.09, I2 = 95%); rectus abdominis (RA) (MD −31.51, 95% CI −70.58, −3.57, I2 = 85%); tibialis anterior (TA) (MD −44.70, 95% CI −94.30, 4.91, I2 = 63%); soleus (SOL) (MD −37.74, 95% CI −65.43, −10.05, I2 = 91%); gastrocnemius (GAS) (MD −120.59, 95% CI −206.70, −34.49, I2 = 94%); quadriceps (Q) (MD −17.42, 95% CI −34.73, −0.12, I2 = 0%); biceps femoris (BF) (MD −117.47, 95% CI −192.55, −42.70, I2 = 97%); COP onset (MD −45.28, 95% CI −89.57, −0.98, I2 = 93%), and COP apa (COPapa) (MD 2.35, 95% CI −0.09, 4.79, I2 = 64%). These changes did not seem to be linked to the speed of movement but possibly to age-related physiological changes that indicated decreased motor control during APAs in older adults.

Conclusions
Older adults use different postural strategies that aim to increase the safety margin and stabilize the body to perform the movement, according to the requirements imposed, and this should be considered in rehabilitation protocols.

Systematic review registration
PROSPERO CRD420119143198
A variational approach for mixed elliptic problems involving the p-Laplacian with two parameters
Authors: Hadjian Armin , Nieto Juan J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBy exploiting an abstract critical-point result for differentiable and parametric functionals, we show the existence of infinitely many weak solutions for nonlinear elliptic equations with nonhomogeneous boundary conditions. More accurately, we determine some intervals of parameters such that the treated problem admits either an unbounded sequence of solutions or a pairwise distinct sequence of solutions that strongly converges to zero. No symmetric condition on the nonlinear term is considered.