bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postoperative consequences of cancer cachexia after head and neck free flap reconstruction
Authors: Jones Alexander Joseph , Davis Kyle Patrick , Novinger Leah J. , Bonetto Andrea , Mantravadi Avinash V. , Sim Michael W. , Yesensky Jessica A. , Moore Michael G. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundCachexia is detrimental for patients with head and neck cancer (HNC). However, postoperative consequences of HNC cachexia remain unknown.MethodsA 2014–2019 retrospective review was performed of adults undergoing aerodigestive HNC resection with free tissue reconstruction. Propensity score matching using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) of cachectic and control groups was employed to adjust for covariate imbalances followed by binary logistic regression on postoperative outcomes.ResultsOut of 252 total patients, 135 (53.6%) had cancer cachexia. The cohort was predominantly white (94.4%) males (65.1%) aged 61.5 ± 11.5 years with stage III–IV (84.1%) malignancy of the oral cavity (66.3%). After matching cohort pre‐ and intra‐operative covariates using IPTW, cancer cachexia remained a strong, significant predictor of serious National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) complications (OR [95%CI] = 3.84 [1.80–8.21]) and major Clavien‐Dindo complications (OR [95%CI] = 3.00 [1.18–7.60]).ConclusionsCancer cachexia is associated with worse HNC free flap reconstruction outcomes.
Commentary on six solutions: Moving forward with measurement in mind
Authors: DeBolt Michaela C. , Oakes Lisa M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn their target article, Byers‐Heinlein, Bergman and Savalei describe the neglected challenge of measurement reliability in infancy research. In this commentary, we elaborate on the problem of measurement reliability and demonstrate the problem it poses when using looking time measures to assess individual differences in infancy. We endorse the solutions Byers‐Heinlein et al. propose to increase measurement reliability. In particular, we encourage the field to develop more reliable measures of individual differences infant looking time.
Induction with MEDA regimen and consolidation with Auto‐HSCT for stage IV NKTCL patients: A prospective multicenter study
Authors: Liu Chuanxu , Ding Hao , Zhu Qi , Liu Peng , Zhu Yang , Wang Lifeng , Ma Yujie , Zhang Wenhao , Tian Shu , Zhang Xiaoyan , Jin Lina , Liu Ligen , Li Zhichao , Hao Siguo , Tao Rong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOptimal treatment strategies for natural killer/T‐cell lymphoma (NKTCL) patients with stage IV disease have not been well defined. In this prospective phase 2 study, we evaluated the treatment using MEDA (methotrexate, etoposide, dexamethasone and pegaspargase) as induction chemotherapy and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (Auto‐HSCT) for consolidation. Patients with stage IV disease without prior L‐asparaginase‐based chemotherapy were eligible. Four cycles of MEDA were administered as induction treatment. Patients with complete response (CR, necessary to have complete metabolic remission of PET/CT, negative plasma EBV‐DNA and negative EBER staining of bone marrow biopsy tissue) were consolidated by Auto‐HSCT. A total of 53 patients were enrolled. The overall response (OR) rate and CR rate after four cycles of MEDA chemotherapy were 75.5% and 56.6%, respectively. Among them, 25 patients underwent Auto‐HSCT. The 4‐year overall survival (OS) rate and progression‐free survival (PFS) rate were 58.0% (95% CI, 43.4%‐70.0%) and 43.4% (95% CI, 29.9%‐56.1%), respectively. Patients who underwent Auto‐HSCT had a 4‐year OS rate of 92.0% (95% CI, 71.6%‐97.9%) and a 4‐year PFS rate of 80.0% (95% CI, 58.4%‐91.1%). Grade 3/4 neutropenia and thrombocytopenia occurred in 28.3% and 17.0% of the patients, respectively. MEDA chemotherapy is an effective induction regimen with reduced grade 3/4 hematological toxicities for stage IV NKTCL. Consolidation with Auto‐HSCT can be considered as a potential approach to improve the long‐term survival of CR patients after induction treatment.
Meat consumption and risk of esophageal and gastric cancer in the Golestan Cohort Study, Iran
Authors: Collatuzzo Giulia , Etemadi Arash , Sotoudeh Masoud , Nikmanesh Arash , Poustchi Hossein , Khoshnia Masoud , Pourshams Akram , Hashemian Maryam , Roshandel Gholamreza , Dawsey Sanford M. , Abnet Christian C. , Kamangar Farin , Brennan Paul , Boffetta Paolo , Malekzadeh Reza 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRed meat and processed meat are associated with some gastrointestinal cancers. Our study aims to investigate the association of different meat types with esophageal and gastric cancer (EC, GC) in a high‐risk population. The Golestan Cohort Study (GCS) is a population‐based cohort of 50 045 individuals aged 40 to 75 from northeast Iran. Detailed data on different exposures were collected using validated questionnaires. We considered quintiles of meat consumption, using grams and density (g/1000 kcal/day). We calculated intake of red, processed, organ and white meat, as well as total red meat, including the first three. We used proportional hazards regression models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between meat types and cancer. During 12 years of follow‐up, out of 49 585 participants (57.4% women), 369 developed EC (48.2% women) and 368 developed GC (27.5% women), including 309 esophageal squamous cell, 20 esophageal adenocarcinomas, 216 cardia and 95 non‐cardia GC. No association was found for EC except for red meat among females (HR for one quintile increase 1.13, 95% CI = 1.00‐1.27). The risk of GC increased for intake of total red meat (HR 1.08, 95% CI = 1.00‐1.17) and red meat separately (HR 1.09, 95% CI = 1.00‐1.18). The HR for red meat and non‐cardia GC was 1.23 (95% CI = 1.02‐1.48). No associations were observed for other types of meat. In conclusion, in this high‐risk population red meat intake is associated with GC, but not EC, suggesting a substantial role of this modifiable factor in determining the burden of GC.
CANTO‐RT: Skin toxicities evaluation of a multicentre large prospective cohort of irradiated patients for early‐stage breast cancer
Authors: Allali Sofiane , Carton Matthieu , Sarrade Thomas , Querel Ophélie , Jacquet Alexandra , Rivera Sofia , Ghannam Youssef , Peignaux Karine , Guilbert Philippe , Chara‐Brunaud Claire , Blanchecotte Julien , Pasquier David , Racadot Séverine , Bourgier Céline , Labib Alain , Geffrelot Julien , Benyoucef Ahmed , Paris François , Cottu Paul , André Fabrice , Kirova Youlia 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSkin damage is the most common and most important toxicity during and after radiation therapy (RT). Its assessment and understanding of the factors influencing its occurrence, is a major issue in the management of patients irradiated for an early breast cancer. CANTO is a prospective clinical cohort study of 10 150 patients with stage I‐III BC treated from 2012 to 2017 in 26 cancer centres. In our study, we used CANTO‐RT, a subcohort of CANTO, including 3480 patients who received RT. We are focus on specific skin toxicities: erythema, fibrosis, telangiectasia and cutaneous pigmentation. The prevalence of toxicities of interest varied over time, so at baseline for early toxicity Month (M) 0‐3‐6, 41.1% of patients had erythema while 24.8% of patients had fibrosis. At M12 and M36, the prevalence of erythema decreased, respectively, while fibrosis remains stable. The prevalence of telangiectasia increases from 1% to 7.1% from M0‐3‐6 to M36. After adjustments, we showed an association between the occurrence of skin erythema and obesity; the type of surgery; the presence of axillary dissection; the use of taxane‐based CT and the 3D vs IMRT irradiation technique. Regarding fibrosis, an association is found, at M0‐3‐6, with age at diagnosis, obesity, tobacco and the use of boost. Only obesity and the type of surgery received by the patient remained statistically significant at M12 and M36. In our study we identified several risk factors for acute and late skin reactions. The use of a boost was mainly related to the occurrence of fibrosis while the use of IMRT‐type technique decreased the occurrence of skin erythema.
Impact of noncoding RNAs on cancer directed immune therapies: Now then and forever
Authors: Roy Roshan Kumar , Yadav Rakhi , Sharma Uttam , Wasson Mishi Kaushal , Sharma Ashok , Tanwar Pranay , Jain Aklank , Prakash Hridayesh 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAccumulating evidence demonstrates that the host genome's epigenetic modifications are essential for living organisms to adapt to extreme conditions. DNA methylation, covalent modifications of histone and interassociation of noncoding RNAs facilitate the cellular manifestation of epigenetic changes in the genome. Out of various factors involved in the epigenetic programming of the host, noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) such as microRNA (miRNA), long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), circular RNA, snoRNA and piRNA are new generation noncoding molecules that influence a variety of cellular processes like immunity, cellular differentiation and tumor development. During tumor development, temporal changes in miRNA/lncRNA rheostat influence sterile inflammatory responses accompanied by the changes in the carcinogenic signaling in the host. At the cellular level, this is manifested by the upregulation of inflammasome and inflammatory pathways, which promotes cancer‐related inflammation. Given this, we discuss the potential of lncRNAs, miRNAs, circular RNA, snoRNA and piRNA in regulating inflammation and tumor development in the host.
Predictive value of chromosome 18q11.2‐q12.1 loss for benefit from bevacizumab in metastatic colorectal cancer: A post hoc analysis of the randomized phase III‐trial AGITG‐MAX
Authors: van Dijk Erik , van Werkhoven Erik , Asher Rebecca , Mooi Jennifer K. , Espinoza David , van Essen Hendrik F. , van Tinteren Harm , van Grieken Nicole C. T. , Punt Cornelis J. A. , Tebbutt Niall C. , Ylstra Bauke 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe VEGF‐A monoclonal antibody bevacizumab is currently recommended for first‐line treatment of all metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients. Cost‐benefit ratio and side‐effects however necessitate patient selection. A large retrospective yet nonrandomized study showed that patients with loss of chromosome 18q11.2‐q12.1 in the tumor and treated with bevacizumab have 3 months improved median progression‐free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) benefit compared to patients without this loss and/or treatment modality. Implementation for loss of chromosome 18q11.2‐q12.1 as a marker in clinical practice mandates evidence in a randomized controlled trial for bevacizumab. Of the trials with randomization of chemotherapy vs chemotherapy with bevacizumab, the AGITG‐MAX trial was the only one with tumor materials available. Chromosome 18q11.2‐q12.1 copy number status was measured for 256 AGITG‐MAX trial patients and correlated with PFS according to a predefined analysis plan with marker‐treatment interaction as the primary end‐point. Chromosome 18q11.2‐q12.1 losses were detected in 71% of patients (181/256) characteristic for mCRC. Consistent with the nonrandomized study, significant PFS benefit of bevacizumab was observed in patients with chromosome 18q11.2‐q12.1 loss (P = .009), and not in patients without 18q loss (P = .67). Although significance for marker‐treatment interaction was not reached (Pinteraction = .28), hazard ratio and 95% confidence interval of this randomized cohort (HRinteraction = 0.72; 95% CI = 0.39‐1.32) shows striking overlap with the nonrandomized study cohorts (HRinteraction = 0.41; 95% CI = 0.32‐0.8) supported by a nonsignificant Cochrane χ2 test (P = .11) for heterogeneity. We conclude that post hoc analysis of the AGITG‐MAX RCT provides supportive evidence for chromosome 18q11.2‐q12.1 as a predictive marker for bevacizumab in mCRC patients.
Long‐term survival of a patient with refractory advanced adrenocortical carcinoma after combination chemotherapy with paclitaxel and carboplatin plus mitotane
Authors: Kobayakawa Yuki , Hamamoto Shuzo , Kamisawa Hideyuki , Okada Shinsuke , Taguchi Kazumi , Naiki Taku , Okada Atsushi , Tozawa Keiichi , Yasui Takahiro 
Published: April 2022

IntroductionThe prognosis of patients with unresectable adrenocortical carcinoma is poor. Mitotane is the first‐line treatment for this disease, and etoposide/doxorubicin/cisplatin/mitotane therapy is recommended as first‐line chemotherapy in unresponsive cases. We present a case of long‐term survival following combination chemotherapy with paclitaxel and carboplatin plus mitotane to manage mitotane‐refractory advanced adrenocortical carcinoma.Case presentationA 49‐year‐old woman with a left adrenal tumor, lymph node metastasis around the aorta, and multiple liver metastases was treated with mitotane. The disease progressed despite mitotane therapy; thus, combination chemotherapy with paclitaxel and carboplatin plus mitotane was administered for 9 months. Primary adrenal resection was performed after the liver metastasis had completely dissapeared. She has remained alive for 20 years since her initial diagnosis while undergoing mitotane therapy.ConclusionIn this case, combination chemotherapy with paclitaxel and carboplatin plus mitotane effectively controlled advanced adrenocortical carcinoma.
Distinct Inflammatory Macrophage Populations Sequentially Infiltrate Bone‐to‐Tendon Interface Tissue After Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Reconstruction Surgery in Mice
Authors: Fujii Takayuki , Wada Susumu , Carballo Camila B. , Bell Richard D. , Morita Wataru , Nakagawa Yusuke , Liu Yake , Chen Daoyun , Pannellini Tania , Sokhi Upneet K. , Deng Xiang‐hua , Park‐Min Kyung Hyung , Rodeo Scott A. , Ivashkiv Lionel B. 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTMacrophages are important for repair of injured tissues, but their role in healing after surgical repair of musculoskeletal tissues is not well understood. We used single‐cell RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq), flow cytometry, and transcriptomics to characterize functional phenotypes of macrophages in a mouse anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) model that involves bone injury followed by a healing phase of bone and fibrovascular interface tissue formation that results in bone‐to‐tendon attachment. We identified a novel “surgery‐induced” highly inflammatory CD9+ IL1+ macrophage population that expresses neutrophil‐related genes, peaks 1 day after surgery, and slowly resolves while transitioning to a more homeostatic phenotype. In contrast, CX3CR1+ CCR2+ macrophages accumulated more slowly and unexpectedly expressed an interferon signature, which can suppress bone formation. Deletion of Ccr2 resulted in an increased amount of bone in the surgical bone tunnel at the tendon interface, suggestive of improved healing. The “surgery‐induced macrophages” identify a new cell type in the early phase of inflammation related to bone injury, which in other tissues is dominated by blood‐derived neutrophils. The complex patterns of macrophage and inflammatory pathway activation after ACLR set the stage for developing therapeutic strategies to target specific cell populations and inflammatory pathways to improve surgical outcomes. © 2022 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Apparent Diffusion Coefficient MRI Shows Association With Early Progression of Unresectable Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma With Combined Targeted‐Immunotherapy
Authors: Sheng Ruofan , Sun Wei , Huang Xiaoyong , Jin Kaipu , Gao Shanshan , Zeng Mengsu , Wu Dong , Shi Guoming 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundMost intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas (ICCs) are diagnosed at advanced stage with an extremely poor prognosis. For these patients, combining targeted therapies and immunotherapy may have a promising therapeutic effect, and current Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) criteria have limited applicability.PurposeTo investigate the associations between pretreatment MRI features and the efficacy of combined targeted‐immunotherapy by estimating the risk of early progression (EP) in unresectable ICC, with special emphasis on diffusion‐weighted imaging.Study TypeRetrospective.SubjectsA total of 43 unresectable ICC patients (24 with EP [disease progression ≤12 months after treatment] and 19 with nonearly progression [NEP, disease progression >12 months]), who received first‐line systemic therapy with lenvatinib plus PD1 antibody combination.Field Strength/SequenceThe 0‐T scanner, including T1‐ and T2‐weighted imaging, diffusion‐weighted imaging, and dynamic gadopentetate dimeglumine‐enhanced imaging.AssessmentClinical characteristics and MR imaging features including apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), as well as survival analysis of EP were evaluated.Statistical TestsFeatures between EP and NEP groups were compared by univariate analyses and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Diagnostic performance was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic curve. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were applied for survival analysis of EP. The progression‐free survival (PFS) rates were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier analysis and compared by the log‐rank test. The significance threshold was set at P < 0.05.ResultsTumor number, tumor margin, arterial peritumoral enhancement, lymphatic metastasis, and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value were significantly different between EP and NEP groups. At multivariate logistic regression analysis, ADC was the only independent variable associated with EP (odds ratio = 0.012), with an area under the curve of 0.774 (optimal cutoff value was 1.028 × 10−3 mm2/sec). Multivariate Cox regression model proved that ADC value (hazard ratio = 0.140) and ill‐defined margin (hazard ratio = 2.784) were independent risk factors. ICCs with low ADC values showed shorter PFS than those with high values (χ2 = 9.368).Data ConclusionPretreatment MRI features were associated with EP for unresectable ICC treated with combined targeted‐immunotherapy, and decreased ADC value was an independent variable.Evidence Level3Technical EfficacyStage 4
Comprehensive role of SARS‐CoV‐2 spike glycoprotein in regulating host signaling pathway
Authors: Banerjee Shuvomoy , Wang Xinyu , Du Shujuan , Zhu Caixia , Jia Yuping , Wang Yuyan , Cai Qiliang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSince the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection, global public health and the economy have suffered unprecedented damage. Based on the increasing related literature, the characteristics and pathogenic mechanisms of the virus, and epidemiological and clinical features of the disease are being rapidly discovered. The spike glycoprotein (S protein), as a key antigen of SARS‐CoV‐2 for developing vaccines, antibodies, and drug targets, has been shown to play an important role in viral entry, tissue tropism, and pathogenesis. In this review, we summarize the molecular mechanisms of interaction between S protein and host factors, especially receptor‐mediated viral modulation of host signaling pathways, and highlight the progression of potential therapeutic targets, prophylactic and therapeutic agents for prevention and treatment of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.
Effects of hindlimb suspension on development of proximal and distal femur morphological abnormalities in growing rats
Authors: Ozawa Junya , Kaneguchi Akinori , Ezumi Shun , Maeno Takuma , Iwazawa Jukiya , Minanimoto Kengo , Ikeda Airi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAlthough morphological abnormalities of the femur are known predisposing factors for numerous musculoskeletal disorders, the etiology of these abnormalities is poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate whether femoral morphogenesis is affected by hindlimb suspension (HS) in growing rats. We used 41 four‐week‐old female rats in this study. In the HS groups, rats were suspended from their tails for 2, 4, and 8 weeks. Age‐matched animals were used as controls. We examined morphological indices of the femur using three‐dimensional reconstructed images from X‐ray computed tomography. The femoral neck anteversion angle (AVA) was higher with growth in the experimental groups and did not differ in control groups. The AVAs in the HS groups were larger than controls at any time point. In the control groups, the trochlear angle (TA) was higher, rotating inward with growth, but did not differ in the HS groups. The TAs in the HS groups were smaller and rotated more outward compared with the control groups at any time point. The height ratios of the medial and lateral condyles (MC/LC), an asymmetry index, were larger in the HS groups compared to controls at any time point. There were strong relationships between proximal (AVA) and distal morphologies, such as the TA (Spearman's coefficient [rs] = −0.80, p < 0.001) and MC/LC (rs = 0.79, p < 0.001). Our data suggest that sufficient physical activity in early life may protect against morphological femur abnormalities associated with hip and knee joint diseases.
Interaction of surface topography and taper mismatch on head‐stem modular junction contact mechanics during assembly in modern total hip replacement
Authors: Gustafson Jonathan A. , Mell Steven P. , Levine Brett R. , Pourzal Robin , Lundberg Hannah J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractImplant failure due to fretting corrosion at the head‐stem modular junction is an increasing problem in modular total hip arthroplasty. The effect of varying microgroove topography on modular junction contact mechanics has not been well characterized. The aim of this study was to employ a novel, microgrooved finite element (FEA) model of the hip taper interface and assess the role of microgroove geometry and taper mismatch angle on the modular junction mechanics during assembly. A two‐dimensional, axisymmetric FEA model was created using a modern 12/14 taper design of a CoCrMo femoral head taper and Ti6Al4V stem taper. Microgrooves were modeled at the contacting interface of the tapers and varied based on height and spacing measurements obtained from a repository of measured retrievals. Additionally, taper angular mismatch between the head and stem was varied to simulate proximal‐ and distal‐locked engagement. Forty simulations were conducted to parametrically evaluate the effects of microgroove surface topography and angular mismatch on predicted contact area, contact pressure, and equivalent plastic strain. Multiple linear regression analysis was highly significant (p < 0.001; R2 > 0.74) for all outcome variables. The regression analysis identified microgroove geometry on the head taper to have the greatest influence on modular junction contact mechanics. Additionally, there was a significant second order relationship between both peak contact pressure (p < 0.001) and plastic strain (p < 0.001) with taper mismatch angle. These modeling techniques will be used to identify the implant parameters that maximize taper interference strength via large in‐silico parametric studies.
Utilizing advanced spatio‐temporal backgrounds with dynamic test signals for high dynamic range display metrology
Authors: Kunkel Timo , Friedrich Florian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTest targets are indispensable for display metrology and in combination with a light measurement device, and they can be used to assess a display's performance. Simple synthetic patterns with static backgrounds are currently the target of choice. However, modern display devices have significantly increased in complexity. With that, using static test sequences is likely not painting the full picture of a display's performance, especially as spatial and temporal complexity can only be addressed rudimentarily. In this paper, we discuss novel assessment approaches using dynamic test targets with spatio‐temporal backgrounds, and how they can be compiled in meaningful test sequences e.g. for automated measurements.