bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corn (Sweet), Corn Earworm Control, 1978
Authors: Sorensen Kenneth A. , Thompson Michael L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
'Trucker's Favorite' sweet corn was planted on May 19, in single-row plots 20-ft long on 42 in centers with 5-ft alleys between blocks near Benson, NC. Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design replicated 4 times. Treatments were applied every 2 or 4 days starting on Jul 24 (with 25% of the plants tasseling) and ending 21 days later on Aug 14. All sprays were applied at the rate equivalent to 100 gallons/acre using a 2.5 gallon CO2 pressurized hand sprayer equipped with a hollow cone nozzle operated at 40 psi. All mature ears were harvested on Aug 11. Harvested ears were divided into 3 damage classes: Clean - no damage, slight - ear tip damaged, heavy - no market value. Armyworms were present but were not as numerous as corn earworms.
Southern Peas, Cowpea Curculio Control, Turner Co., 1978
Authors: Chalfant Richard B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Southern peas were planted Jul 15. Plots were 18-rows, 1200-ft long, 3-ft row width, replicated 2x. Plots were treated beginning with anthesis on Sep 6, 9, 13 and 16 using a Meyers Mity Mist airblast sprayer at the rate of 10 gal water per acre. When mature on Sep 19, 25 pods in each of 20 sampling acres/plot were harvested and examined for cowpea curculio and European corn borer feeding damage.
European Corn Borer Control in Hot Peppers, 1979
Authors: Graustein Mark R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In July pepper plots were established near Hazletteville, DE in a 16 row block of hot cherry and a 16-row block of banana peppers. Plots of 2 rows by 20-ft long were established in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. Sevin treatments were applied on a 7 day schedule and Orthene treatments on a 10 day schedule beginning Jul 17 and ending Sep 21. Kocide 101 was applied to all of the treatments every 10 days. A wheel barrow design, CO2 sprayer with a drop nozzle system (3 nozzles/row) delivering 43 gallons/acre at 40 psi was used to apply the foliar treatments. The Furadan 10G was applied by pouring a measured amount from a vial into a furrow approximately 3 inch to the side of the plants and 2 inch deep. This “side dress” application was made on Jul 13. Peppers were harvested on Jul 31, Sep 13, and Oct 2 and all fruits were examined for European corn borer infestation. Residue treatments were taken 7 days after treatment in the Orthene and check plots.
Irish Potato, Wireworm and Cutworm Control, Guildhall, Vermont, 1979
Authors: Bowman James S. , Porcellini S. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This study was located on the Burt Peasley Farm, Guildhall, VT which is contiguous with the potato growing region of Coos County, NH. The area used was prepared for potato production after being in grass sod for more than 20 years. The plots were 24 ft by 50 ft with each treatment replicated 3 times in a randomized block design. Broadcast treatments were made on Jun 22 just prior to planting and were worked into the soil to a depth of 4 inches. Spray treatments were applied with a B & G CO2 pressurized sprayer at a rate of 36 gal/acre (40 psi) using a 5 ft hand held boom. Broadcast granular treatments were made by preweighing and distributing individual doses over each plot using a cyclone seeder. Eight rows of Katahdin Irish potatoes 36-inches apart were planted in the broadcast treated plots immediately following incorporation. These treatments also received Temik 15G at 3 lb ai/acre applied to the seed furrow to control foliage feeding insects. The in-furrow treatments of Dyfonate 10G and Furadan 10G were applied using a Gandy plot applicator to furrows that had been opened and seeded by hand. The Dyfonate 10G treatment also received Temik 15G in the furrow. Evaluations were made on Sep 20, by examining 100 washed tubers from the center two rows of each plot and counting the number injured by either wireworms or cutworms.
Comparison of Foliage Treatments Used Commercially to Control the Colorado Potato Beetle in Irish Potatoes, 1979
Authors: Hofmaster R. N. , Francis J. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
'Pungo' Irish potatoes were planted, 10 in spacing in 3-ft rows at Atlantic, VA on Apr 15. Temik 15G was applied to the entire area at 3 lbs ai/acre in-furrow at planting. Following “breaking” of the Temik granulars around Jun 7, as indicated by widespread apperance of potato beetle larvae, plots were established for the purpose of comparing treatments used on a commercial basis for potato beetle control. Plots were 3 rows wide × 50 ft long with adjacent untreated rows and randomized In complete blocks with 4 replications. The first spray was applied on Jun 14, at which time there were approximately 10 potato beetle larvae/hill; additional treatments were made on Jun 27 and Jul 7. The sprays were applied with a D. B. Smith 5-gal, knapsack, hand-operated, compressed-air sprayer at the rate of 75/gal/acre (40 psi) using a D. B. Smith #E - 147 adjustable cone nozzle. In evaluating the various insecticidal treatments, direct counts of the number of potato beetle larvae/10 hills and late season foliage injury ratings were utilized. The several categories for foliage injury ratings are as follows: 1) only occasional chewing, necessary to look very close to see evidences of feeding damage; 2) Visible signs of feeding but less than 10% of the leaves severely injured; 3) Severe feeding up to 25% of foliage; 4) Heavy feeding on up to 50% of foliage; 5) Practically 100% of foliage severely damaged, plants nearly defoliated; and Def. - Plants completely defoliated. Yields were taken on Jul 20.
Foliar Sprays for Mid and Late Season Control of Colorado Potato Beetle, 1979
Authors: Moore R. E. B. , Hare J. D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
'Katahdin' potatoes were planted on May 2 in a Merrimac sandy loam at the Valley Laboratory, Windsor. Temik was applied directly to the seed furrow at planting. Plots consisted of 3 rows 1.0 m apart and 4.6 m long. Each row had 16 plants. There were 4 replicates arranged in a randomized complete block design surrounded by untreated buffer plots to maintain beetle pressure. On Jul 19, when it appeared that Colorado potato beetles were surviving on plots treated with Temik, a comparison of 5 foliar sprays was initiated to determine an effective supplement for Temik treatments. Insecticides selected for testing are all registered for use on potatoes in Connecticut. Ambush received emergency registration for the 1979 season. Foliar sprays were applied weekly for 7 treatments through Aug 31. Beetle pressure was extremely heavy through the second half of the growing season. On Sep 4 Ambush plots were 50-60% defoliated; all others were 75-100% defoliated.
Irish Potato, Colorado Potato Beetle Control, Johnston County, 1979
Authors: Sorensen Kenneth A. , Thompson Michael L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
'Superior' Irish potatoes were planted on Mar 29, near Benson, NC. Single row plots 7-ft long were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design with 2-ft alleys between replications. A pretreatment stand count and defoliation rating was made on May 15. Rating was based on 0 - no defoliation, 10- 100% defoliation. All treatments were applied on May 18 and May 22 at the rate of 100 gallons of water per acre using a 2.5 gallon CO2 pressurized hand sprayer operated at 40 psi with a single hollow cone nozzle. Three plants per replication were examined for the presence of adults, immatures and egg masses of the Colorado potato beetle on May 15, 21 and 24. Yields were taken on July 5.
Control of Western Cherry Fruit Fly, 1982
Authors: Brunner J. F. , Smith L. O. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The orchard used in this test was an old hillside orchard that was difficult for the owner to apply sprays. It had a history of fruit infested with cherry fruit fly. Six traps were placed in trees at this location on May 14, 1982. The first fly was caught Jun 9 with the peak flight on Jun 30 of 19.7 flies/trap. The first application was made from May 21 or Jun 2. Application of insecticides was made with a handgun sprayer at 400 to 600 psi (about 400 gal per acre). Three 3 lb samples of fruit were collected from the top, center and bottom of each tree. Fruit samples were taken to the laboratory, crushed, and placed in a heavy brown sugar solution. The number of larvae floating to the top of the container were counted and recorded. This is the same process used by the warehouses to sample for cherry fruit fly larvae.
Control of San Jose Scale, 1982
Authors: Brunner J. F. , Smith L. O. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A 12-year-old block of cherries was selected for this test. This particular block had been treated for 2 years only with aerial applications of insecticides. Nine trees were selected, and four limbs per tree were tagged and numbered. Pretreatment and posttreatment counts were made from the tagged limbs. Four infested twigs were selected from each tagged limb and returned to the lab. Up to 50 scale per twig were counted and the live and dead scale were recorded. Treatments were applied with a handgun sprayer at 400-500 psi to the point of drip (approximating 400 gal per acre) on Mar 27.
Control of Wireworms on Potatoes, 1981
Authors: Bishop Guy , Blackmer Jackie , Burr Malheur James 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Russet Burbank’ potatoes were planted Apr 2 at Payette, Idaho in sandy soil. Chemicals were sidedressed about 4 inches on each side and at about the level of the seed pieces 19 days after planting and just prior to plant emergence. One treatment also included Dyfonate applied in furrow at the time of planting. Treatments were replicated in 2 row 25 ft plots with 36 inch row spacing in a randomized complete block design. All tubers from each plot were harvested, weighed and examined for injuries.
Colorado Potato Beetle Control with Foliar Sprays and Soil Systemic Insecticides, 1982
Authors: Johnston Richard L. , Radcliffe Edward B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Kennebec’ potatoes were planted May 12, on the W. Miller farm near Glyndon, MN. Plots were 2 rows, 320 ft long, spaced 38 inches apart, randomized in complete blocks with 5 replications. Granular treatments were applied in-furrow at planting with a planter-mounted granular applicator. Spray application was applied with a hand-held CO2pressurized sprayer delivering 60 gal water/acre at 35 psi. Foliar spary was applied once on Jul 10 to 100 ft plots within reps. Counts were made from the middle 100 ft of the plot on each of the sampling dates. Yields were taken by randomly selecting and hand digging 25 plants from the middle 100 ft of each plot on Sep 13-14.
Efficacy of Temik, 1979
Authors: Smilowitz Zane , Dripps James E. , Yocum John O. , Martinka Carol A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A randomized complete block design with 4 replications was used at the Southeastern Field Research Laboratory in Lancaster County, PA. Plots consisted of eight 40 ft rows planted 34 inches apart, separated by a 5 ft alleyway. Certified, Class B ‘Katahdin’ seed potatoes were planted Jun 7 at a 9 inch spacing between plants. Four rates of Temik were applied with an electric, tractor-mounted Gandy granular applicator. Ten stems per plot were sampled each week for all stages of Colorado potato beetle beginning on Jul 3. Pirimor 50WP was applied as a foliar spray early in the season for green peach aphid (Myzus persicae Sulz.) control. Dithane M-45 at 1.5 lb ai/acre was applied on a 5-7 day schedule for potato late blight control. Two rows per plot were harvested Oct 26 and graded by size. The test was conducted on a Hagerstown silt loam soil. Rainfall totalled 2.67 inches in Jun, 5.43 inches in Jul, 3.39 inches in Aug, and 5.96 inches in Sep.
Potato, Wireworm Control, Hermiston, Oregon, 1981
Authors: Toba H. H. , Turner J. E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The test was conducted in a solid-set, sprinkler-irrigated field at the Oregon State University Columbia Basin Agricultural Research and Extension Center to evaluate rates, formulations, and application methods of various chemicals in reducing wireworm damage to potatoes. The soil type was Ephra.ta sandy loam (Xerollic Camborthids) with an organic matter content of less than 1%. On 19 Mar, 50 soil samples were taken with a posthole digger to a depth of at least 18 inches; 4 wireworms were found for an estimated density of 0.32 wireworms/ft2. The test was conducted in a randomized split-plot design with 4 replications. The main treatments (application methods) were: preplant broadcast (BCST), at-plant sidedress (APSD), at-plant seed furrow (FURR), and postemergence sidedress (PESD). Each plot measured 38 ft long and 4 rows wide (34 inch row spacing). On 29 Apr, BCST applications were made: granules with a hand-operated Cyclone grass seeder, and liquid formulations diluted in water to a volume of 1 qt applied with a hand-held, CO2boom sprayer consisting of 4 TeeJet AL80015 nozzles at a pressure of 30 psi (25 gal/acre). The plots were rototilled to a depth of 4-6 inches within 1 h after application. On 29-30 Apr, all the plots were planted with a 2-row planter, and APSD and FURR applications were made with applicators mounted on the planter. APSD applications were shanked 3-4 inches to each side and level with the seed pieces; granules were applied as 1-inch bands with Gandy applicators, and liquid formulations were diluted in water to a volume of 1 pt, then applied at a pressure of 40 psi with TeeJet 491635 nozzles. FURR applications were made in the planter shoe and directly behind the seed pieces; granules were placed as 1-inch bands, and liquid formulations were applied with TeeJet 8004F nozzles. On 1 Jun, PESD applications wre made 2 rows at a time with tractor-mounted Gandy and liquid applicators in a manner similar to that of APSD. In 1 treatment, granules of a Temik-Phorate combination were applied over the rows, then incorporated with a Lilliston cultivator. On 6-8 Jun, tuber samples were harvested from the 2 center rows of each replicate (from ca 15 ft/row). All tubers were washed and examined for wireworm feeding, and the percentages, by weight, of tubers damaged were determined. ‘Damage’ was defined as any injury as severe as described in Sec. 51.1560 and 51.1564 of the U.S. Standards for Grades of Potatoes. All percentages were transformed to arcsine percentage and analyzed by analysis of variance (split-plot design) and DMRT. Materials that were not applied by all 4 application methods were not included in the analysis.
Soil Treatment with Systemic Insecticide for Control of Colorado Potato Beetle, 1982
Authors: Sherrod D.W. , Francis J.A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Norchip’ seed pieces were planted in open furrows in State sandy-loam soil (Typic Hapludult) on Apr 8 at our research station near Painter, VA. Each plot was 3 rows wide (36-inch rows) and 25 ft long with each treatment replicated 4 times in a randomized block design. For furrow application, the granular insecticides were spread with a hand-held shaker over the seed pieces and the seed pieces covered. Band treatments were made on May 10 at plant emergence by dribbling the granular insecticide in a 3-inch band on each side of the row ca 4 inches from the center of the row and lightly incorporating the granules with a garden hand rake. Foliar sprays were applied on May 26, Jun 3, 9, 16 and 23. All plots were harvested on Jul 20. Evaluation criteria included counts of the number of Colorado potato beetle larvae/10 hills, foliage damage ratings, and yield. Foliage damage ratings were on a scale of 0-5 as follows: 0) no damage; 1) slight feeding, less than 5% defoliation; 2) visible feeding with 5-10% defoliation; 3) moderate damage, 10-25% defoliation; 4) heavy damage, 25-50% defoliation; 5) severe damage, greater than 50% defoliation.
Field Test of Piperonyl Butoxide as a Pyrethroid Synergist on Tomato, 1982
Authors: Ghidiu Gerald M. , Silcox Charles A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Campbell 28’ tomatoes were transplanted to a Sassafras sandy loam field May 25. Single row plots were 20 ft long and 5 ft wide. A guard row buffered each treated row. Plots were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied Jun 3, 11; Jul 7; and Aug 4 with a self-propelled, high-clearance sprayer with a drop nozzle on either side of the row and one over the center calibrated to deliver 68 gal/acre at 200 psi. Colorado potato beetle counts were recorded on Jun 11 and Aug 5; percent defoliation caused by beetles on Jun 23 and Aug 19. Mixed red and blush tomatoes were harvested in all plots on Aug 10, 19, 24 and Sep 2. Yields were based on total harvest.
Mole Cricket Control in Tomato, 1982
Authors: Schuster David J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tomato plants were set Mar 2, 1.5 ft apart on 30 inch-wide by 8 inch-high plastic mulched beds of Myakka fine sand. Insecticide was not applied but beds were fumigated with 350 lb/acre of Dowfume MC-33 prior to covering with plastic. Soil-filled screen troughs (2 ft long x 6 inches x 6 inches) were buried flush lengthwise with the top of the beds in 5-ft sections of row which had not been planted. Troughs were spaced 15 ft apart within rows spaced 4.5 ft apart. Five insecticide treatments were randomly applied to the soil surface in 5 troughs of each of 4 replicates (rows) on Jun 18. One trough in each replicate was untreated. Granule and bait formulations were applied by sprinkling over the soil surface. An Orthene liquid preparation was applied with a hand-held CO2 powered sprayer which was operated at 40 psi and delivered 55 gal/acre. Immediately preceding treatment, 10 field-collected adult mole crickets were placed in each trough. Screen lids were attached following treatment and troughs were covered with the plastic mulch. Five days later, the numbers of living and dead or moribund crickets were determined for each trough. Percent mortality was calculated using Abbott’s formula and values were transformed arcsine %100 prior to analysis.
Tomato Fruitworm Control, 1982
Authors: Story R.N. , Klock N. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tomato seedlings were transplanted into 48-inch rows on Aug 2 at the Burden Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA. Single row plots 24 ft in length (12 plants/plot) were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Insecticides were applied with a hand-held CO2-pressurized sprayer delivering 100 gal/acre at 40 psi through a single spray nozzle containing a D-3 disc, No. 25 core, and 16 mesh strainer. Treatments were begun when ca 50% of the plants had set fruit. Applications were made on Sep 27, Oct 9, and 21. Ripening fruit were picked and examined for injury on Oct 14, 18, 27, and Nov 4.
Evaluation of Insecticides and Coax Used on Demand, for Control of Tomato Pests, 1982
Authors: Waddill Van 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots were direct seeded on Jan 19 in Rockdale soil. Each plot was a single row on 6-ft centers, 15 ft long. Normal cultural practices were followed using black plastic mulch and overhead irrigation. There were 4 replications per treatments in a randomized complete block. Treatments were applied on demand, based on weekly insect counts. Ten plants per plot were examined weekly for southern armyworm, tomato fruitworm, cabbage looper, and southern green stink bug. The threshold used for the caterpillars was simply the detection of any larvae. Specific treatments were not made for stink bugs. Most of the larvae (99%) were southern armyworms. This is the normal ratio. Mature green to ripe fruit was harvested Apr 20. The percentages caterpillar and southern green stink bug damaged fruit were determined by examining 25 randomly selected fruit per plot.
Alfalfa, First Cutting Alfalfa Weevil Control, Missouri, 1982
Authors: Brandenburg R.L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The treatments were applied to ca 14 in tall alfalfa on May 11 at Spickard, M0. Plots were 40 x 40 ft and arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Sprays were applied at 15 gpa and 40 psi using 80015 flat fan nozzles and 50 mesh filter screens on a 20 ft spray boom. The temperature at treatment was 70°F and 2.93 in of rain fell during the week following treatment. Samples were obtained at 24 h and 7 day post treatment by taking 10 (180 degree) sweeps with a 15 in sweep net. The data were transformed by x+0.5. The means in the table are of actual counts.
Topical Toxicity of Insecticides to Western Corn Rootworm Adults in Nebraska, 1982
Authors: Ball Harold J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Western corn rootworm adults were collected between Jul 12 and Aug 5 from corn at 19 geographical sites throughout Nebraska and returned to the laboratory in Lincoln for testing. Mean weights for beetles from each collection site were determined prior to treatment. Unsexed beetles were individually treated by topical application of 1 ul of an acetone solution of the test insecticides to the posterior ventral abdominal area. Beetles were anesthesized with CO2prior to treatment. Treatment solutions were prepared with reagent grade acetone using technical grade insecticides. Six to 8 dosages, plus an acetone check, were used to determine 2-h LD50values for all insecticides from all collection sites; 2 replicates of 10 insects each were used for each dosage rate tested, insects were declared dead if they could not regain their footing 2-h post treatment. Dosage-mortality data were calculated in ug/g of insect weight using probit analysis FORTRAN computer program.
Rescue Treatment for Stalk Borer in No-Till Field Corn, 1982
Authors: Bode William , Gesell Stanley , Hampton Ronald 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This corn field in Central PA (near Belleville in Mifflin County) had a history of stalk borer (SB) infestation. Corn was planted no-till in 30-in rows on Apr 26. A randomized complete block design with 6 replications was used. Each plot was 2 rows by 25 ft. Treatments were applied on May 25 with a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 40 gal/acre at 40 psi. Spray was discharged over the top of each row from a single hollow-cone nozzle. Efficacy was determined by making weekly counts of additional plants exhibiting SB damage. Each plot was hand harvested on Oct 5 and grain yield at 15.5% moisture content was calculated.
Field Corn, Northern Corn Rootworm Larval Control, 1982
Authors: Hower Arthur A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tests were conducted at the Pennsylvania Agricultural Experiment Station Farm at Rock Springs, Centre County. The test field had been continuous corn for more than 4 years. Corn was planted on May 11, using a 6-row John Deere no-till planter with 30-in row spacing. Insecticides were applied to 15 x 90 ft plots in a randomized complete block design with untreated checks in 4 replications. Nine insecticides were compared at 15 material-rate combinations using either an in-furrow or banded method of application. All granular treatments were applied at the time of planting, while the liquid treatments, Advantage EC, were applied on May 17. In order to apply the in-furrow treatment, soil just above the level where seeds had been planted was opened with a Missouri Mule. The insecticide was applied at 30.7 gal water per acre and 50 psi using a Gravely-mounted small plot sprayer. Flat fan nozzles were dropped and turned to spray parallel with the row. The furrow was then hoed shut. The banded treatment was applied over the row with the drop flat fan nozzles in their normal position perpendicular to the row. Soil pH and % available soil moisture at time of planting were determined. Stand germination counts were taken on Jun 8. On Aug 6, the treatments were evaluated by root damage ratings based on the Iowa 1-6 system. Stalks were also examined for 2nd generation European cornstalk borers. No other pest problems were prevalent during the growth of this crop. Yield was determined on Nov 16 by mechanically harvesting 2 middle rows of each plot for shelled corn.