bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determinants of anemia status among pregnant women in ethiopia: using 2016 ethiopian demographic and health survey data; application of ordinal logistic regression models
Authors: Animut Kassahun , Berhanu Getasew 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Anemia is a serious public health problem that occurs when the blood contains fewer red blood cells than normal. In Ethiopia, the prevalence of anemia in pregnancy increased between 2005 and 2016. The aim of this study was to determine what factors influence the anemia status of pregnant women in Ethiopia.

Methods
Anemia status in a sample of 1053 pregnant women was studied using data from Ethiopia's Demographic and Health Survey 2016. Percentages and graphs were used to show the prevalence of anemia. The marginal probability effect was used to determine the contribution of each explanatory variable category to a single response category of anemia level. Ordinal logistic regression models were constructed, and the best-fitting model was selected to reveal significant anemia status variables.

Results
The prevalence of anemia in pregnant women was found to be 37.51% (3.04% severe, 17.28% moderate, and 17.1% mild anemic). The fitted partial proportional odds model revealed that anemia status of pregnant women was significantly associated with region afar (OR = 0.45; CI: 0.21–0.96), antenatal care visits above 4 (OR = 1.58; CI: 1.03–2.43), parity between 1–2 (OR = 0.47;CI: 0.26–0.85), iron taking (OR = 3.68;CI: 2.41–5.64), and higher education (OR = 4.75;CI: 2.29–9.85).

Conclusions
Anemia among pregnant women has been identified as a moderate public health issue in Ethiopia. The study revealed that the prevalence of anemia varied among regions which the highest (65.9%) and the lowest (9%) being from Somali and Addis Ababa, respectively. As a result, it is argued that treatments target iron consumption, maternal education, antenatal visits, and mothers' access to health care.
Financial risk of emergency abdominal surgery: a cross sectional study from Ethiopia
Authors: Genetu Abraham , Gezahegn Demmelash , Getachew Hana , Deneke Andualem , Bekele Abebe 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
The Lancet Commission on Global Surgery suggested six indicators every country should use to measure their surgical systems. One of these indicators, catastrophic expenditure (CE), is defined as money paid for service which amounts to more than 10% of the patient’s total annual expenditure, or more than 40% of annual non-food household expenditure. Ethiopian Ministry of Health has set a target of 100% protection from CE by 2030. However, so far there is lack of studies that assess financial risk of surgery.

Methods
Using a cross sectional study design, financial risk assessment was carried out on 142 patients from Yekatit 12 and Zewditu Memorial hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from May 15 to September 15, 2021.

Results
Appendectomy (69.0%), emergency laparotomy (26.1%) and cholecystectomy (4.9%) resulted in mean direct medical expenditures of 111.7USD, 200.70USD and 224.60USD, respectively. Medications and imaging accounted for 60.8 and 13.9% of total treatment cost. By applying the two definitions of catastrophic expenditure, 67.6 and 62.7% of patients sustained CE, respectively Overall rates of CE across procedures were 67.3 and 59.1% for appendectomy, 70.2 and 70.2% for laparotomy, 57.0 and 71.2% for cholecystectomy. Thirty-five (24.6%) patients had some form of insurance, with Community Based Health Insurance being the most common form (57%). Insured patients were less likely to sustain CE with both definitions (AOR 0.09, p = 0.002 and AOR 0.10, p = 0.006 respectively).

Conclusion and recommendations
Substantial proportion of patients undergoing emergency abdominal surgery sustain CE in Addis Ababa. Medications and imaging take major share of total cost mainly because patients have to acquire them from private set ups. Policy makers should work on availing medications and imaging in public hospitals as well as expand insurance and other forms of surgical care financing to protect patients from CE.
Disease burden in patients with acute hepatic porphyria: experience from the phase 3 ENVISION study
Authors: Wang Bruce , Ventura Paolo , Takase Kei-ichiro , Thapar Manish , Cassiman David , Kubisch Ilja , Liu Shangbin , Sweetser Marianne T. , Balwani Manisha 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Acute hepatic porphyria (AHP) is a family of four rare genetic diseases, each involving deficiency in a hepatic heme biosynthetic enzyme. Resultant overproduction of the neurotoxic intermediates δ-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and porphobilinogen (PBG) leads to disabling acute neurovisceral attacks and progressive neuropathy. We evaluated the AHP disease burden in patients aged ≥ 12 years in a post hoc analysis of the Phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled ENVISION trial of givosiran (NCT03338816), an RNA interference (RNAi) therapeutic that targets the enzyme ALAS1 to decrease ALA and PBG production. We analyzed baseline AHP severity via chronic symptoms between attacks, comorbidities, concomitant medications, hemin-associated complications, and quality of life (QOL) and evaluated givosiran (2.5 mg/kg monthly) in patients with and without prior hemin prophylaxis on number and severity of attacks and pain scores during and between attacks.

Results
Participants (placebo, n = 46; givosiran, n = 48) included patients with low and high annualized attack rates (AARs; range 0–46). At baseline, patients reported chronic symptoms (52%), including nausea, fatigue, and pain; comorbidities, including neuropathy (38%) and psychiatric disorders (47%); concomitant medications, including chronic opioids (29%); hemin-associated complications (eg, iron overload); and poor QOL (low SF-12 and EuroQol visual analog scale scores). A linear relationship between time since diagnosis and AAR with placebo suggested worsening of disease over time without effective treatment. Givosiran reduced the number and severity of attacks, days with worst pain scores above baseline, and opioid use versus placebo.

Conclusions
Patients with AHP, regardless of annualized attack rates, have considerable disease burden that may partly be alleviated with givosiran.
SHFLD3 phenotypes caused by 17p13.3 triplication/ duplication encompassing Fingerin (BHLHA9) invariably
Authors: Bukowska-Olech Ewelina , Sowińska-Seidler Anna , Wierzba Jolanta , Jamsheer Aleksander 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Split-hand/ foot malformation with long bone deficiency 3 (SHFLD3) is an extremely rare condition associated with duplications located on 17p13.3, which invariably encompasses the BHLHA9 gene. The disease inherits with variable expressivity and significant incomplete penetrance as high as 50%.

Results
We have detected 17p13.3 locus one-allele triplication in a male proband from family 1 (F1.1), and duplication in a male proband from family 2 (F2.1) applying array comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH). The rearrangements mapped to the following chromosomal regions–arr[GRCh38] 17p13.3(960254–1291856)×4 in F1.1 and arr[GRCh38] 17p13.3(1227482–1302716)×3 in F2.1. The targeted quantitative PCR revealed that the 17p13.3 locus was also duplicated in the second affected member from family 2 (F2.2; brother of F2.1). In the next step, we performed segregation studies using quantitative PCR and revealed that F1.1 inherited the triplication from his healthy father—F1.2, whereas the locus was unremarkable in the mother of F2.1 & F2.2 and the healthy son of F2.1. However, the duplication was present in a healthy daughter of F2.2, an asymptomatic carrier. The breakpoint analysis allowed to define the exact size and span of the duplicated region in Family 2, i.e., 78,948 bp chr17:1225063–1304010 (HG38). Interestingly, all symptomatic carriers from both families presented with variable SHFLD3 phenotype. The involvement of secondary modifying locus could not be excluded, however, the Sanger sequencing screening of BHLHA9 entire coding sequence was unremarkable for both families.

Conclusions
We have shed light on the one-allele CNV triplication occurrence that should be considered when a higher probe (over duplication range) signal is noted. Second, all SHFLD3 patients were accurately described regarding infrequent limb phenotypes, which were highly variable even when familial. Of note, all symptomatic individuals were males. SHFLD3 still remains a mysterious ultra-rare disease and our findings do not answer crucial questions regarding the disease low penetrance, variable expression and heterogeneity. However, we have presented some clinical and molecular aspects that may be helpful in daily diagnostic routine, both dysmorphological and molecular assessment, of patients affected with SHFLD3.
A signal enhancement method based on the reverberation statistical information
Authors: Yu Ge , Sun Jiangjiang , Li Xiukun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper proposes a reverberation suppression algorithm utilizing fractional lower-order moments based on statistical properties. As fractional lower-order moments can only be applied on symmetric α-stable random variables, the energy redistribution method is used, so reverberation signals can obtain the characteristic exponents of the symmetric α-stable distribution. To evaluate the proposed algorithm, an experiment involving simulated linear frequency modulation reverberation with the proposed method and comparison methods is performed and discussed. Moreover, an experiment is conducted using reverberation as measured from the lake. The results show that the proposed algorithm can achieve better reverberation suppression and signal enhancement performance compared with other methods.
Production of isoquercitrin from quercetin by biotransformation using Bascillus sp. CSQ10 isolated from Camellia sinensis cultivation soils
Authors: Kang Ju-Yeong , Park Won-Jung , Yoon Youngdae , Kim Bong-Gyu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMicroorganisms are widely used to produce biologically active substances owing to their versatile ability to convert inexpensive compounds into physiologically active compounds. In this study, we isolated a microorganism capable of converting quercetin to isoquercitrin, a substance with various biological functions, from tea cultivation soils. ABacillusstrain was isolated and verified asBacillussp. CSQ 10 using 16sRNA gene analysis. When quercetin was fed as a substrate forBacillussp. CSQ10, isoquercitrin was produced through biotransformation. Furthermore,Bacillussp. CSQ10 was able to biotransform isoquercitrin to quercetin-3-O-(6″-O-acetyl)-β-d-glucoside when the medium for biotransformation was replaced with yeast extract–peptone–dextrose (YPD) medium. Based on these findings, the biotransformation performance ofBacillussp. CSQ10 was verified by optimizing the experimental conditions for the culture system at the laboratory scale in terms of temperature, cell density, biotransformation medium, and substrate concentration. The best biotransformation yields were achieved at 37 °C, 6.0 OD600, with YPD, and 181.0 mg/L of quercetin supply. Conclusively, 193.3 mg/L and 198.8 mg/L of isoquercitrin and quercetin-3-O-(6″-O-acetyl)-β-d-glucoside, respectively, were produced byBacillussp. CSQ 10 under these optimized experimental conditions.
Controlling the lodging risk of rice based on a plant height dynamic model
Authors: Wu Dong-Hong , Chen Chung-Tse , Yang Ming-Der , Wu Yi-Chien , Lin Chia-Yu , Lai Ming-Hsin , Yang Chin-Ying 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Rice is a key global food crop. Rice lodging causes a reduction in plant height and crop yield, and rice is prone to lodging in the late growth stage because of panicle initiation. We used two water irrigation modes and four fertilizer application intervals to investigate the relationship between lodging and various cultivation conditions over 2 years.

Results
Plant height data were collected and combined with aerial images, revealing that rice lodging was closely related to the nitrogen fertilizer content. The aerial images demonstrated that lodging mainly occurred in the fields treated with a high-nitrogen fertilizer, and analysis of variance revealed that plant height was signifi-cantly affected by nitrogen fertilizer. These results demonstrated that rice plant height in the booting stage was significantly positively correlated with the lodging results (r = 0.67) and nega-tively correlated with yield (r = − 0.46). If the rice plant height in the booting stage exceeded 70.7 cm and nitrogen fertilizer was continuously applied, according to the predicted growing curve of plant height, the plant would be at risk of lodging. Results showed more rainfall accumulated in the later stage of rice growth accompanied by strong instantaneous gusts, the risk of lodging in-creased.

Conclusion
The results provide predictions that can be applied in intelligent production and lodging risk management, and they form the basis of cultivation management and response policies for each growth period.
Occupational burn injuries in Finland 2011–2015
Authors: Purola Lotta , Kavola Heli , Vuola Jyrki 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
This study comprises all hospitalized work-related burn injuries in one country during 2011–2015. The purpose was to describe demographics, causes and risk factors of occupational burn injuries with special focus on the outcome of return to work.

Material and methods
This is a retrospective study on two data sources of which Finnish Workers’ Compensation Center’s (FWCC) register includes all work-related burn cases at a given time. Additional data have been obtained from those patients, who were referred to the National Burn Centre (NBC) during the same time according to the Emergency Management of Severe Burns (EMSB) criteria. We compare demographics, injury mechanisms and general burn data of these two patient groups.

Results
Based on FWCC register, in 2011–2015 occurred 11,623 work-related burn cases of whom 54% were men. During the study period, NBC admitted 26 patients fulfilling EMSB criteria. The most severe patients treated in NBC had injuries affecting multiple body parts. In FWCC data, hand was most injured body part. Kitchen/bakery work was the most common profession in FWCC register but in NBC material industrial and transport professions dominated. In FWCC register, patients had lower mean age (37 years vs. 43 years). Most severe injuries occurred among older patients: In NBC data, those with total body surface area 40% or over had mean age 53 years. Majority of patients returned to work.

Conclusion
Safety at work in Finland has improved during last decades, and the vast majority of work-related burn injuries are minor. Minor burn injuries are common in young adults working in kitchen and bakery work, whereas elderly men working in transports and industry sustain the most severe burn accidents. Retirement after work-related injury becomes very expensive for all parties, and this data can be used in preventing those cases as well as the minor accidents.
Development of a conceptual framework of food and nutrition literacy in children
Authors: Doustmohammadian Azam , Omidvar Nasrin , Keshavarz-Mohammadi Nastaran , Eini-Zinab Hassan , Amini Maryam , Abdollahi Morteza 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to develop a conceptual framework to better understand food and nutrition literacy and its dimensions and components among Iranian children.MethodsThe study included three sub-studies. First, two qualitative studies were conducted to explore experts’ and students’ perspectives and experiences regarding the topic. A comprehensive qualitative literature review was then conducted to identify food/nutrition literacy definitions and its components in the relevant literature. The data of the above three sub-studies were compiled as text data and were analyzed utilizing MAXQDA2010software.ResultsTwo main domains, including cognitive and skill domains, emerged from the data analysis. The cognitive domain consisted of food- and nutrition-related knowledge included four subcategories “nutrition knowledge”, “lifestyle knowledge”, “food safety knowledge”, and “knowledge of food and its preparation”) as well as “food and nutrition understanding”. The skill domain consisted of three dimensions: “functional”, “interactive”, and “critical” food and nutrition literacy.ConclusionsThe developed framework highlights the importance of integrated application of all dimensions of food and nutrition literacy among this population group. It can assist policymakers and curriculum developers in assessing education curricula and developing effective strategies for teaching and learning to increase students’ food and nutrition literacy.
Activity patterns and interactions of rodents in an assemblage composed by native species and the introduced black rat: implications for pathogen transmission
Authors: Salgado Rodrigo , Barja Isabel , Hernández María del Carmen , Lucero Basilio , Castro-Arellano Ivan , Bonacic Cristian , Rubio André V. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
The degree of temporal overlap between sympatric wild hosts species and their behavioral interactions can be highly relevant to the transmission of pathogens. However, this topic has been scantly addressed. Furthermore, temporal overlap and interactions within an assemblage of wild rodents composed of native and introduced species have been rarely discussed worldwide. We assessed the nocturnal activity patterns and interactions between rodent taxa of an assemblage consisting of native species (Oligoryzomys longicaudatus, Abrothrix hirta, and Abrothrix olivaceus) and the introduced black rat (Rattus rattus) in a temperate forest from southern Chile. All rodent species in this study are known hosts for various zoonotic pathogens.

Results
We found a high nocturnal temporal overlap within the rodent assemblage. However, pairwise comparisons of temporal activity patterns indicated significant differences among all taxa. Rattus rattus showed aggressive behaviors against all native rodents more frequently than against their conspecifics. As for native rodents, agonistic behaviors were the most common interactions between individuals of the same taxon and between individuals of different taxa (O. longicaudatus vs Abrothrix spp.).

Conclusions
Our findings reveal several interactions among rodent taxa that may have implications for pathogens such as hantaviruses, Leptospira spp., and vector-borne pathogens. Furthermore, their transmission may be facilitated by the temporal overlap observed between rodent taxa.
Application of a distributed verification in Islamic microfinance institutions: a sustainable model
Authors: Wanke Peter , Hassan M. Kabir , Azad Md. Abul Kalam , Rahman Md. Azizur , Akther Naznin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe literature gap in microfinance paradox of double bottom line (financial performance vs. outreach) has always been an interesting area of research. This paper proposes a theoretical model most suitable for Islamic Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) which enables Islamic MFIs’ to operate together with the existing financial models compliant with Islamic Shariah Law. This model is based on a distributed verification/decision-making process that might be realized (but not necessary) through blockchain. Among the available distributed verification techniques, blockchain technology is an attractive emerging computing paradigm due to its decentralized, immutable, shared, and secure data structure characteristics. This model proposes three significant propositions. First, sharing information through blockchain will allow a transparent network in MFI operations, which will raise confidence for donors resulting in a causal effect of a relatively lower profit rate to be charged by the MFIs. Second, the consensus mechanism will enable risk-sharing, a character of Islamic finance; thus, the MFIs will operate without any collateral for low-risk firms. Third, the double bottom line of MFIs' long-lasting paradox would be solved. As for practical implication of this proposed model, the causal impact of lower cost investment by the lenders would increase social welfare because of no collateral and no initial wealth requirement. The proposed model proposes a credit rationing approach where profit can be negative. No collateral will be used when calculating the creditworthiness of a borrower.
Multimodal diagnostic imaging in primary vitreoretinal lymphoma
Authors: Xu Lucy T. , Huang Ye , Liao Albert , Anthony Casey L. , Voloschin Alfredo , Yeh Steven 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Primary vitreoretinal lymphoma (PVRL) is an aggressive lymphoma that may present with protean features and represents a diagnostic challenge. Given that patients with PVRL are at high risk of CNS involvement with a high mortality and morbidity rate, prompt diagnosis is crucial to initiate treatment early in the disease course. A multimodality imaging approach including fundus photography, fundus autofluorescence (FAF), optical coherence tomography (OCT), fluorescein and indocyanine angiography, and electroretinography (ERG) can provide information to establish a diagnosis and provide objective measures for management. We review key findings seen via these imaging modalities in patients with PVRL.

Observations
Fundus photography can highlight commonly seen patterns of PVRL including vitritis, subretinal disease, retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) abnormalities, optic nerve edema, retinal detachment, and less typical retinitis-like lesions. FAF can identify characteristic patterns of hyper- and hypoautofluorescent signal abnormalities in the macula. Spectral-domain OCT will demonstrate vitreous cells, RPE nodularity, and hyperreflectivity of the outer retina. The presence of a hyper-reflective band in the subretinal space and infiltrates between the RPE and Bruch’s membrane can assist in distinguishing PVRL from choroidal lymphoma. Vertical hyperreflective columns (VHRLs) are another pertinent finding that may represent microinfiltrates of the tumor. OCT has proven to be a particularly useful modality in assessing the progress of treatment in PVRL. Fluorescein angiography can show RPE changes, which include granularity, late staining at the RPE level, and blockage. Indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) primarily shows hypocyanescence, which corresponds to PVRL lesions on fundus photography and may occur secondary to loss of RPE and choriocapillaris.

Conclusion
While PVRL remains a challenging disease to diagnose and follow, the use of a multimodality imaging approach may assist in establishing a diagnosis. Because of the anatomic spaces PVRL may affect, fundus photography, OCT, FAF, angiography, and ERG can identify key characteristics of the disease, differentiate PVRL from other diseases, and provide baseline information for targeted systemic and local therapies. Further assessment of anatomic and functional targets will aid our clinical application of multimodal imaging in the management of PVRL.