bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oropharyngeal Pathogenic Bacteria: Carriage, Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern and Associated Risk Factors among Febrile Patients
Authors: Merete Tesfaye Wondimu , Teklu Shiferaw Simbo , Tolossa Eticha Chaka , Haile Abera Lemi , Biruk Yeshitila , Mekonnen Teferi , Kemal Jemal , Worku Bedada 
Published: March 2022

Background: Pharyngeal and respiratory infections due to bacteria are global concerns especially because of the emergence of multi-drug resistant strains. The Oropharynx is one of the regions of the human body that is heavily colonized by microbial flora. So, the Oropharyngeal carriage is a major risk factor for an invasion and developing the disease. Therefore, this study was aimed at determining the carriage rate of potential pathogenic Oropharyngeal bacteria, associated risk factors, and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns among febrile patients at AHMC. Methods: A Cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2018 to April 2019. A systematic random technique was implemented to collect Oropharyngeal samples from 253 selected febrile patients. Specimen collection and processing were done following standard bacteriological procedures in Adama Public Health, Research, and Referral Laboratory. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done using the disk diffusion method in accordance with the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institutes guideline. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results: Overall oropharyngeal bacteria carriage rate was 75.1%. A total of 190 bacterial organisms were isolated with 96 Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci (CNS), 55 Streptococcus pyogenes, and 19 Staphylococcus aureus were dominant isolates among gram-positive. Klebsiella pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitides, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Escherichia coli were among gram-negative bacteria isolates. Living in urban, cigarette smoking, and poor oral hygiene was significantly associated with the Oropharyngeal bacterial carriage rate. The majority of CNS, S.aureus, and S. pyogenes were resistant to different classes of antibiotics. Conclusion: Potentially pathogenic Oropharyngeal bacterial colonization rate was high. Place of living and behavioral factors are risk factors that were associated with bacterial colonization of the oropharynx. Several bacterial isolates were resistant to frequently prescribed antibiotic classes. Therefore, determining the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of the isolates is important to intervene and prevent the risk of infection and also the emergence of multiple drug-resistant strains and disease management.
Using a Systems-Approach for Implementing a Smart Government Policy in Soppeng Regency
Authors: Mustafa Delly , Maulana A. Muhammad Fajar , Niswaty Risma , Burhanuddin Burhanuddin 
Published: March 2022

The Soppeng Regency Government has implemented a Smart Government Policy by utilizing information and communication technology, the use of which is regulated by the Soppeng Regent regulation number 87 of 2019. This study aimed to examine the implementation of the Smart Government Policy by the Soppeng Regency Government. This was a descriptive study which used a qualitative approach. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation techniques. Triangulation was used to check the validity of the data. An interactive model was used to analyze the data. The results showed that the Smart Government Policy was implemented by paying attention to the MSN-Approach implementation model, and the Systems-Approach focus indicator in particular was implemented effectively. Factors that affected the implementation of the Smart Government Policy included the lack of Human Resources, and the lack of features for registering, uploading and downloading files on websites and applications. Based on the results, we can conclude that there are improvements that need to be made in order to support the implementation of the Smart Government Policy in Soppeng Regency, including updating the website and the application, which currently can only provide information about procedures and service requirements, so that the community has to be served manually at the office or location where the service is held.
Keywords: implementation, policy, smart government
Evaluation of mothers' knowledge, self-efficacy and performance in the field of exclusive breastfeeding and its related factors in children under 6 months of age in Ashkzar city of Yazd province
Authors: Pirzadeh Asiyeh , Naghdi Afsaneh 
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Considering breastfeeding and its population for infants and the need for necessary training for successful breastfeeding, the present study aimed to determine the activity, self-efficacy and performance of mothers in the field of exclusive breastfeeding and its related factors in children under 6 months of age. Ashkzar Yazd was performed.
Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, research data were collected from 300 mothers with children under six months old using a researcher-made questionnaire with face-to-face interviews and telephone calls. While calculating the indicators related to exclusive breastfeeding, using SPSS 20 software tests, the relationships between independent and dependent variables were analyzed and the most important factors affecting exclusive breastfeeding were determined.
Results:The results showed that the mean age of mothers was 28.43 9 59.6. Mean and Deviation The mean score of knowledge, self-efficacy and performance score of mothers in the field of exclusive breastfeeding are: 18.82, 16.72 and 16.11, respectively. There is a significant relationship between the mean score of exclusive breastfeeding with the number of pups, using a bottle and using a pacifier and birth weight.
Conclusion: Due to the modifiable nature of most factors related to breast milk, it is possible to increase the exclusive breastfeeding of infants by training and using modern methods of appropriate counseling by health workers.
Impact of Agronomical Approaches on Growth, Yield and Economics of Bell Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) var. Solan Bharpur under Mid-hills of Himachal Pradesh
Authors: Bijalwan Priyanka , . Shilpa , Shukla Y.R. , Chauhan Manish 
Published: March 2022

Background: Capsicum annuum L., popularly known as bell pepper, sweet pepper and shimla mirch, is a vegetable crop in the Solanaceae family. Because of its various nutritional benefits, capsicum is ranked one of the healthiest vegetables; therefore desire for this is expanding every day. Through its importance and market requirement in consideration, a study was conducted to assess the impact of planting methods, mulches and NAA treatment on bell pepper growth, yield and economics. Methods: The study was performed at Experimental Farm of the Department of Vegetable Science, Dr Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (HP) during Kharif seasons of year 2017-18 and 2018-19 (two years). The experiment was laid out in arandomized block design with three replications comprising twelve treatments. Result: Study revealed that T3 yielded maximum (384.69 q/ha) as well as recorded maximum values of gross return (Rs. 577,035.00/-), net return Rs. 3,52,416.93/- and comparatively less B:C ratio (1:57). Meanwhile, T1 recorded 77.80% control in weed population and have maximum (64.12%) efficiency to control emerging weeds as compared to T12.
Communication anxiety and self-confidence among learners of English as a foreign language: The role of learning cooperatively
Authors: Gordani Yahya , Arabani Arash Saharkhiz , Moghtader Iman Javadzadeh 
Published: March 2022

The present study investigated the impact of learning a foreign language cooperatively on boosting self-confidence and alleviating communication anxiety among learners of English as a foreign language (EFL). One hundred and thirty-five intermediate EFL male and female language learners, homogenized via a language proficiency test, were randomly assigned into two groups of 65 (the experimental group) and 70 (the control group). Participants were then administered two questionnaires to measure levels of oral communication apprehension and self-confidence before the study. On the final session of each class, the questionnaires were re-administered as post-tests and the participants were interviewed. The findings obtained from the statistical analyses as well as the qualitative analysis of the interviews demonstrated that incorporating the principles of learning cooperatively in EFL speaking classes can significantly affect the level of self-confidence and lower the communication apprehension levels. Findings are discussed and implications for EFL classrooms are elaborated upon.

Keywords: Anxiety; communication; English; foreign language; learning cooperatively; self-confidence.
CD36-Mediated Fatty Acid Oxidation in Hematopoietic Stem Cells Is a Novel Mechanism of Emergency Hematopoiesis in Response to Infection
Authors: Maryanovich Maria , Ito Keisuke 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Hematopoietic homeostasis depends on the close regulation of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) activity in the bone marrow. Quiescence and activation in response to stress, among other changes in state, are mediated by shifts in HSC metabolic activity. Although HSC steady-state metabolism is well established, the mechanisms driving HSC activation, proliferation, and differentiation in response to stress remain poorly understood. Here we discuss a study by Mistry et al. that describes a novel metabolic mechanism that fuels HSC activation and expansion. The authors show that to meet their metabolic needs in response to infection, hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells uptake free fatty acids from their microenvironment via CD36 to fuel fatty acid oxidation. These exciting findings suggest that in the context of infection, HSCs undergo a metabolic shift toward fatty acid metabolism that drives emergency hematopoiesis and raise questions about the role of the microenvironment in this process.
Mechanical Production Packer Recovery with Coil Tubing on Live Well
Authors: Nebiolo Martin Mauro , Castro Santiago Anibal 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
At the end of 2019, we were challenged by an international Operator company in Argentina to provide technical support for a complex fishing operation on a recently fracked well in Vaca Muerta unconventional shale reservoir. The well intervention objective was to recover a downhole device used to isolate the annulus to the production conduit on the well, named production retrievable packer (PKR), with a confirmed fluid leak through it, that PKR was set with the objective to isolate 52 frac stages after a coil tubing plugs mill out intervention and well flow back.
Refer to figure #1 – Well diagram.
The lower completion was set on 5 1/2in Production Casing and it was composed of the following items: mechanical Packer with stinger on-off pin connection device, 2 3/8 inch pup joint × 2 ft length, 1.81 RN nipple and pump out shear out plug. The lower completion array was configured to be set on a wireline at 9,500 ft MD @30-degree deviation as per completion design.
In general, when a leak is detected on production packers, it is a fairly common industry practice to run and set a second PKR on top of the first one (bridge PKR) to get proper wellbore pressure isolation and at the same time to save time and efforts by avoiding complex maneuvers to recover the failed PKR. In this case, that general solution wasn't an option because two main reasons:
There were 7 frac stages not properly cleaned up on coiled tubing because of casing deformation issues detected during the coil tubing clean out phase, therefore the operator wanted to keep an alternative to be able to safely retrieve production TBG string & PKR to get full wellbore access without restrictions, in case an additional well cleanout job was required based on production performance evaluation. The operator's completion engineering department decided to retrieve the first well barrier and conduct an extensive failure analysis, as this PKR model was the selected one for many other similar interventions.
Once the leak was confirmed by negative pressure leak test, a retrievable bridge plug was set to secure the well and allow the operator for wellhead change out as planned and move on with mill out interventions on the other inline wells from the pad.
Overcoming the Challenges of Coiled Tubing Access into Multilateral Wells and Applying Advanced Distributed Temperature Sensing Intelligent Algorithms to Map Fluid Movement
Authors: Abdulghani Ahmed , Ssafwany Ali , Muailu Husain , Kharrat Wassim , Elsherif Tamer 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The stimulation of multilateral wells with Coiled Tubing (CT) has always imposed significant challenges to the oilfield. Starting with lateral's access, extended reach coverage, and finishing off with an adequate stimulation fluid placement to ensure treating all targeted zones. This paper presents an engineering approach that enables access to a multilateral open-hole completion and evaluates fluid placement using the Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS).
The through-tubing multilateral access tool has been designed and deployed on a CT string, including a hybrid fiber optic and an electric cable connected to an intelligent Bottom-Hole Assembly (BHA) with multiple downhole sensors. The casing windows or open-hole junctions can be located with a precise real-time measurement of the differential pressure drop across the two downhole bottom-hole pressure sensors inside and outside the intelligent BHA. Moreover, the casing shoe and windows access will be immediately confirmed with the real-time Casing Collar Locator (CCL) signal loss. In contrast, the junction's access can be established just after a few tens of running footage thanks to the real-time inclination measurement from the accelerometer sub added to the BHA for the first time.
The identification of access into the mother-bore was intuitively identified with the immediate loss of CCL signal at a depth of the casing shoe. The window localization was confirmed with a low drop in the downhole differential pressure at the intelligent bottom-hole assembly, which was not noticed at the surface. The deviation survey measured by the accelerometer sub showed a matching signature with the drilling deviation survey for both; the mother-bore and the lateral, which were successfully treated. Acquired DTS profile logs showed thought-provoking outputs. After applying the advanced interpretation algorithms, communication between the lateral and various heterogeneities in the formation was detected.
The CT intelligent BHA deployment enabled the real-time downhole measurement of pressure drop, CCL, and inclination, allowing a quick confirmation of each lateral with confidence. It supersedes the previously used techniques by eliminating all limitations related to pressure monitoring at the surface and the requirement to tag different measured depths for each lateral. Various conclusions were driven, which allowed re-building operational procedures to improve the matrix stimulation treatments in offset wells. Several domains were integrated to create a fit-for-purpose solution for a complex operation. Joint efforts including stratigraphy, fluids science, and well intervention technologies could yield a proven algorithm to be applied.
Case History of the Successful Milling of a Gas Hydrate Plug in an Ultra Deepwater Well Offshore India Using Coiled Tubing
Authors: Mirani Ankit , Chandak Raj , Tripathi Soniya , Srivastav Ashish , Aggarwal Vishal 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Gas hydrate formation during the drilling and completion phase can add significant operational costs in a deepwater environment. In an ultra-deepwater well off the east coast of India with a water depth of 2830 mMD, a hydrate plug was discovered during well-killing operations after a well test. Multiple attempts to remove the plug using cyclic pressurization/depressurization failed, and a Coiled Tubing (CT) intervention was required to mill out the hydrate plug.
A Coiled Tubing Lift Frame (CTLF) was rigged up to accommodate the CT stack inside the derrick then CT was deployed with a milling Bottom-Hole Assembly (BHA). This BHA comprised of an even-walled stator assembly motor and Hurricane mill bit. Heated brine with 6%-30% glycol was the fluid recipe for the job with the glycol concentration at different pressure and temperature conditions calculated based on data derived from the methane hydrate formation curve and Hammerschmidt's equation. The engineering plan also incorporated the backpressure and fluid temperature selection criteria based on available reservoir and well test data.
Milling was started and operating parameters were maintained to achieve a controlled rate of penetration. Since hydrate formation is not homogeneous, backpressure was maintained throughout the job to regulate the expansion of any gas pockets between the plug and prevent solid hydrates from being propelled to the surface during milling. The "less-aggressive" Hurricane mill bit was selected to prevent any large chunks of solid hydrate from getting dislodged from the plug. An even-walled stator was selected as it provides higher operating limits and is more resistant to deformation and degradation. The temperature of pumping and return fluids was constantly monitored to ensure sufficient thermal energy downhole to prevent hydrate re-formation. Since bottom-hole temperatures were close to the freezing point of water, fluid was continuously pumped at a minimum rate during CT trip-in to keep the stator elastomer lubricated and "heated". The 600m hydrate plug inside the riser string was milled-out in less than 24 hours, following which the CT did not encounter any obstructions to the depth of the sub-sea test tree (SSTT) at 2830 mMD. Pressure communication was established with the well and the job was concluded.
Removal of gas hydrate plugs is a technically challenging and operationally complex job. Furthermore, available literature and case histories on this topic are sparse. This paper presents key learnings from both the planning and execution stages which made this challenging job a success. The paper aims to serve as a reference for operators and service companies to plan, develop and execute similar CT well intervention solutions.
Analyzing Data from Hydraulic Workover and Coiled Tubing Services
Authors: Kelleher Patrick A , Newman Kenneth R 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This paper highlights the evolution of data collection and analytics for the well intervention and completions industry. Systems discussed include tubing conveyance systems such as coiled tubing (CT) units and hydraulic workover (HWO)/completion rigs along with the typical accompaniment of pump trucks, chemical mixing plants, and flowback systems. The topics covered will include examples of how these datasets and analyses can help optimize operational procedures, improve real-time awareness, and reduce uncertainty in operations.
Using Intelligent Coiled Tubing for Revival of a Double Leg Well After 12 Years of Obstruction
Authors: Correa Pedro Daniel , Zhiyenaliyeva Sara , Nadirov Zhanibek 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The objective of the paper is to describe successful fishing operation with Intelligent CT Telemetry System of diverter tool (16,847ft) that has been stuck in the multi-branch well in the slanted main bore section. Previous attempts to recover the diverter with slickline (SL)were unsuccessful.
The completion included a Lateral Entry Nipple at the lateral junction that enabled selective entry. The first run was planned with Venturi Junk Basket (VJB) to condition the well by cleaning top of the diverter tool. During first attempt to release diverter tool, it was discovered that a section from the Inflatable Thu-Tubing Cement Retainer (ITTCR) was left at the top of the diverter tool during water-shut-off (WSO) operations performed previously in the lateral sub horizontal bore. Thereby, additional run to recover ITTCR section and afterwards the main run of diverter retrieval was completed with the use of a TeleCoil 2-7/8″ Integrated Sensor, including a Tension-Compression-Torque (TCT) sensor subassembly that transmitted real-time axial forces applied from the surface through coiled tubing pipe.
For the first time a 2-7/8″ TCT subassembly was engaged in fishing operations to improve job execution and bring additional value to customer. The novelty of using CTT system with TCT subassembly helped to recover the diverter tool which was stuck in the well for 12 years. During both runs, against all challenges such as negligible fish weights, well deviation and buoyancy effect, the TCT sensor had detected presence of fish as additional gained weight in tension during coiled tubing (CT) pulling out of hole (POOH). The downhole loads transmitted by the pipe have confirmed that coiled tubing was more severely buckled in the well in comparison with simulation predicted values.
Furthermore, while POOH with the latched diverter tool, due to wellbore completion configuration, pull up parameters were adjusted to pass gently through restrictions based on real-time casing collar locator (CCL) & TCT downhole readings. It was another proven case history of an effective alternative option of prong & plug retrieval in challenging well conditions.
Integration of TCT sensor in fishing operations provides critical real-time downhole parameters for successful retrieval of the fish from the wellbore. Fluctuations of downhole slack off weights and additional tension of TCT tool as indication of fish release and further latch, opens the doors for other options of TCT tool utilization in coming future.
Innovative and Collaborative Well Intervention Solution Restores Well Integrity to Compromised Completion
Authors: Mackenzie Gordon , McLelland Alan , Carragher Paul , Fulks Jeff , Mason David 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This Asia Pacific client's completion system had an integrity issue whereby the production packer installed in 1995 was not sealing the tubing to casing annulus. Being an older facility, the drilling substructure had previously been removed and a solution to restore production integrity using non-rig assist through tubing intervention technologies was required.
The innovative solution developed and employed was to create an impermeable annular barrier directly above the compromised production packer seal, through the in-situ completion tubing utilizing an electric wireline set inflatable retrievable bridge plug system, for diversion, along with a bismuth-based metal-to-metal sealing alloy actuated by means of a thermite heater. This unique solution included drilling the tubing above the production packer with an e-line deployed system to provide multiple communication ports to the annulus, an e-line set inflatable retrievable bridge with a modified, extended fish neck was then set utilizing wellbore fluid as the inflation medium. The bismuth alloy metal sealing particulate (pellets) were positioned via a dump bailer above the inflatable plug which directed them to the tubing / casing annulus to gravitate to their position and calculated radial height within the compromised annulus. Once positioned the inflatable bridge plug was retrieved via slickline. An e-line conveyed thermite-based heater module was then deployed to complete the process of forming the bismuth-based alloy seal allowing for a permanent annular barrier to be created. Once accomplished and integrity confirmed a straddle/patch system was run to re-seal the tubing / casing annulus drilled holes, prior to the well-being returned to production.
This paper will focus on this rigless intervention operation conducted in July 2021 as it relates primarily to the engineering and installation and retrieval of the bridge plugs and the development, engineering, and installation of the bismuth-based metal to metal sealing alloy, allowing repair to be completed and the well handed over in a position of full integrity.