bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermomechanical design rules for photovoltaic modules
Authors: Beinert Andreas J. , Romer Pascal , Heinrich Martin , Aktaa Jarir , Neuhaus Holger 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe present a set of thermomechanical design rules to support and accelerate future (PV) module developments. The design rules are derived from a comprehensive parameter sensitivity study of different PV module layers and material properties by finite element method simulations. We develop a three dimensional finite element method (FEM) model, which models the PV module geometry in detail from busbar and ribbons up to the frame including the adhesive. The FEM simulation covers soldering, lamination, and mechanical load at various temperatures. The FEM model is validated by mechanical load tests on three 60‐cell PV modules. Here, for the first time, stress within a solar cell is measured directly using stress sensors integrated in solar cells (SenSoCells®). The results show good accordance with the simulations. The parameter sensitivity study reveals that there are two critical interactions within a PV module: (1) between ribbon and solar cell and (2) between front/back cover and interconnected solar cells. Here, the encapsulant plays a crucial role in how the single layers interact with each other. Therefore, its mechanical properties are essential, and four design rules are derived regarding the encapsulant. Also four design rules concern front and back sides, and three address the solar cells. Finally, two design rules each deal with module size and frame, respectively. Altogether we derive a set of 15 thermomechanical design rules. As a rule of thumb of how well a bill of material will work from a thermomechanical point of view, we introduce the concept of specific thermal expansion stiffness
as the product of Young's modulus
, coefficient of thermal expansion
, joint area
, and materials height
. The difference between two materials is a measure of how much thermal strain one material can induce in another. A strong difference means that the material with the larger value will induce thermal strain in the other.
Dynamics of gut microflora across the life cycle ofSpodoptera frugiperdaand its effects on the feeding and growth of larvae
Authors: Lü Dongbiao , Dong Yanlu , Yan Zizheng , Liu Xueying , Zhang Yongjun , Yang Daibin , He Kanglai , Wang Zhenying , Wang Ping , Yuan Xiangqun , Li Yiping 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDSpodoptera frugiperdais an important invasive agricultural pest that causes huge economic losses worldwide. Gut microorganisms play a vital role in host feeding, digestion, nutrition, immunity, growth and insecticide resistance. Illumina high‐throughput sequencing was used to study the gut microbial community dynamics across the life cycle (egg, 1st to 6th instar larvae, pupae, and male and female adults) ofS. frugiperdafed on maize leaves. Furthermore, the gut microbial community and food intake of the 5th instarS. frugiperdalarvae were studied after feeding them antibiotics.RESULTSEnterobacteriaceae and Enterococcaceae dominated the gut during growth and feeding of the larvae. The relative abundance of Enterobacteriaceae was higher in the 4th and 6th instar larvae. With the increase in larval feeding, the relative abundance of Enterococcaceae gradually increased. In addition, principal coordinate analysis and linear discriminant effect size analysis confirmed differences in the structure of gut microbiota at different developmental stages. After antibiotic treatment, the relative abundance of Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Fusobacteriota decreased. The relative abundance ofEnterococcusandKlebsielladecreased significantly. Antibiotic treatment inhibited the gut flora ofS. frugiperda, which decreased larval food intake and body weight gain, and prolonged the larval stage.CONCLUSIONThe composition of the gut bacterial community plays an important role in the growth, development, and feeding ofS. frugiperda. The results have a certain theoretical value for the development of bio‐pesticides targeting intestinal flora. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Highly Efficient Hydrogen Production via the Hydrolysis of Ammonia Borane over Nanostructured Pd‐Cu Nanoparticles Supported on PDA‐coated Graphene
Authors: Tian Jinjun , Yang Yonghuan , Lyu Lyuyang , Xue Yan , Wu Keliang , Shi Zhenghai 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPalladium (Pd), copper (Cu) bimetallic alloy nanoparticles immobilized onto a PDA‐coated graphene support (Pd−Cu/PDA/RGO) hybrid was synthesized through co‐reduction of K2PdCl4 and Cu(NO3)2. The Pd to Cu ratio was rationally controlled to obtain the optimum Pd−Cu/PDA/RGO catalyst. The as‐prepared catalyst demonstrated good catalytic activity for hydrogen production by hydrolysis of ammonia borane, high turnover frequency (TOF) of 37.41 mol H2 per mol Pd−1 min−1 at 298 K and a low activation energy (Ea) of 47.97 kJ mol−1 were accomplished, these metrics were superior to that of Pd−Cu/RGO nanocatalysts. The comparative results indicate that the PDA‐coated graphene (PDA/RGO) support is pivotal for the catalytic activity of Pd−Cu/PDA/RGO for hydrolysis of ammonia borane. The PDA modified onto GO surface effectively disperse the alloy particles, therefore ensure more catalytic active sites responsible for ammonia borane hydrolysis. The tight anchoring of alloy nanoparticles also enabled excellent cyclic stability, 67.7 % of its initial catalytic activity could be maintained after ten cycles. The current work demonstrates the potential of Pd−Cu/PDA/RGO in active and durable ammonia borane hydrolysis for hydrogen production.
Novel Spirooxindole Derivatives as Potential Non‐Detergent Type Spermicides
Authors: Kumar Shrabanti , Acharya Chiranjit , Abhinav Nipun , Jaisankar Parasuraman 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe aim of the present study is to explore the spermicidal potential of the synthetic spirooxindole derivatives and to examine the pathway behind the spermicidal action of the compounds. The in vitro spermicidal activities of the compounds were examined against human sperm by the modified Sander‐Cramer test. The pathway behind the spermicidal action of lead compounds was assessed by (a) hypo‐osmotic swelling test, (b) double fluoroprobe staining, (c) flowcytometric detection of apoptosis by FITC‐AnnexinV labelling, and (d) JC1 labelling. The haemolytic assay for topical toxicity of the compounds was carried out using rabbit erythrocytes. Two spirooxindole derivatives 4 a and 4 c were found to be most effective against human spermatozoa with MEC values of 500 μg/mL and 600 μg/mL lying in the range of standard spermicide Nonoxynol‐9 or N‐9 (MEC 550 μg/mL). The studies on the mechanism of action of the compounds unveiled that the compounds mediated sperm death were due to cellular apoptosis rather than general cell necrosis. The haemolysis assay assured the safeness of the lead molecules for topical usage. Thus, these spirooxindole derivatives may further be explored as new leads for the development of a non‐detergent type of topically applicable contraceptive formulation.
Metamorphic relation automation: Rationale, challenges, and solution directions
Authors: Altamimi Emran , Elkawakjy Abdullah , Catal Cagatay 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMetamorphic testing addresses the issue of the oracle problem by comparing results transformation from multiple test executions. The relationship that governs the output transformation is called metamorphic relation. Metamorphic relations require expert knowledge and the generation of them is considered a time‐consuming task. Researchers have proposed various techniques to automate metamorphic testing, generation, and selection. Although there are several research articles on this issue, there is a lack of overview of the state‐of‐the‐art of metamorphic relation automation. As such, we performed a systematic literature review study to collect, extract, and synthesize the required data. Based on our research questions, the literature was categorized and summarized into different categories. We found that the automation of metamorphic relation is most effective in mathematical and scientific applications. We concluded that some approaches involve analysis of different forms of software‐related information such as control flow graph and program dependence graph as well as an initial set of metamorphic relations. On the other hand, other methods involve analysis of executions of the software functions with random and specific inputs. The results show that this field is still in its infancy with opportunities for novel work, especially in methods utilizing machine learning.
Landscape of new drugs and targets in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Vieujean Sophie , D’Amico Ferdinando , Netter Patrick , Danese Silvio , Peyrin‐Biroulet Laurent 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAlthough the therapeutic armamentarium of Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) physicians has expanded rapidly in recent years, a proportion of patients remain with a suboptimal response to medical treatment due to primary no response, loss of response or intolerance to currently available drugs. Our growing knowledges of IBD pathophysiology has led to the development of a multitude of new therapies over time, which may, 1 day, be able to address this unmet medical need. This review aims to provide physicians an update of emerging therapies in IBD by focusing on drugs currently in phase 3 clinical trials. Among the most promising molecules are anti‐IL‐23, JAK‐inhibitors, anti‐integrins and S1P modulators. While the results in terms of efficacy and safety are fairly clear for some classes, the question of safety remains more uncertain for other classes. Molecules at a more preliminary stage of development (phase 1 and 2), one of which may 1 day offer an optimal benefit‐risk ratio, will also be presented as well as their respective mechanisms of action.
Driver Distraction: Mechanisms, Evidence, Prevention, and Mitigation
Authors: Regan Michael A. , Oviedo-Trespalacios Oscar 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this chapter, the reader is introduced to the topic of driver distraction: its definition and mechanisms; its impact on driving performance and safety; approaches to preventing it; evidence-based injury prevention and mitigation countermeasures; and new frames of reference for conceptualizing distraction as traditional driving functions and tasks become increasingly automated. Some strategies that might be considered by societal stakeholders in setting a coordinated agenda for the management of distracted driving going into the future are also presented. Until all vehicles can safely drive themselves, in all conditions, all of the time, it is unlikely that, for driver distraction, Vision Zero will be achieved. In the meantime, however, there is much that can be done to slow its spread and mitigate it effects.
Ways to Circular and Transparent Value Chains
Authors: Mogos Maria Flavia , Fragapane Giuseppe 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to increase the knowledge about the implementation of circularity and other sustainability approaches in value chains. The objective is to develop roadmaps for the implementation of digital Circular manufacturing (CMA) and Social-life cycle (S-LCA) assessments in Textile and Clothing (TC) value chains. Implementing these digital assessments in TC value chains can increase their transparency, by validating that product manufacturing safeguards worker wellbeing and the environment. TC is one of the sectors with most critical social and environmental impacts. The roadmaps were developed through a Design Science methodology, combining: i) case studies to understand the practical problem, ii) literature study on CMA and S-LCA to develop the roadmaps, and iii) action research to iteratively apply the roadmaps to the cases and refine them with participants in an EU project, representing the entire TC value chain. The EU project is developing digital sustainability assessments with Blockchain functionality for increased data trustworthiness. This study aims to contribute to theory, practice, and public policies by providing a validated overview of the status, barriers, goals, and systematic activities for the implementation of CMA and S-LCA in TC value chains and for increased sustainability.
Freeze-In of radiative keV-scale neutrino dark matter from a new U(1)B-L
Authors: Berbig Maximilian 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We extend the Dirac Scotogenic model with the aim of realizing neutrino masses together with the mass of a keV-scale dark matter (DM) candidate via the same one-loop topology. Two of the Standard Model (SM) neutrinos become massive Dirac fermions while the third one remains massless. Our particle content is motivated by an anomaly free U(1)B-L gauge symmetry with exotic irrational charges and we need to enforce an additional $$ \mathcal{Z} $$
Z
5 symmetry. The dark matter candidate does not mix with the active neutrinos and does not have any decay modes to SM particles. DM is produced together with dark radiation in the form of right handed neutrinos via out of equilibrium annihilations of the SM fermions mediated by the heavy B-L gauge boson. In order to avoid DM over-production from Higgs decays and to comply with Lyman-α bounds we work in a low temperature reheating scenario with 4 MeV ≲ TRH ≲ 5 GeV. Our setup predicts a contribution to ∆Neff. that decreases for larger DM masses and is below the sensitivity of upcoming precision measurements such as CMB-S4. A future observation of a signal with ∆Neff. ≳ 0.012 would exclude our scenario. We further sketch how inflation, reheating and Affleck-Dine baryogenesis can also be potentially realized in this unified framework.
Order-by-order anisotropic transport coefficients of a magnetised fluid: a Chapman-Enskog approach
Authors: Gangopadhyaya Utsab , Roy Victor 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We derive the first and second-order expressions for the shear, the bulk viscosity, and the thermal conductivity of a relativistic hot boson gas in a magnetic field using the relativistic kinetic theory within the Chapman-Enskog method. The order-by-order off-equilibrium distribution function is obtained in terms of the associate Laguerre polynomial with magnetic field-dependent coefficients using the relativistic Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck transport equation. The order-by-order anisotropic transport coefficients are evaluated in powers of the dimensionless ratio of kinetic energy to the fluid temperature for finite magnetic fields. In a magnetic field, the shear viscosity (in all order) splits into five different coefficients. Four of them show a magnetic field dependence as seen in a previous study [1] using the relaxation time approximation for the collision kernel. On the other hand, bulk viscosity, which splits into three components (in all order), is independent of the magnetic field. The thermal conductivity shows a similar splitting but is field-dependent. The difference in the first and second-order results are prominent for the thermal conductivities than the shear viscosity; moreover, the difference in the two results is most evident at low temperatures. The first and second-order results seem to converge rapidly for high temperatures.
Black hole shadow with soft hairs
Authors: Lin Feng-Li , Patel Avani , Pu Hung-Yi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Light bending by the strong gravity around the black hole will form the so-called black hole shadow, the shape of which can shed light on the structure of the near-horizon geometry to possibly reveal novel physics of strong gravity and black hole. In this work, we adopt both analytical and ray-tracing methods to study the black hole shadow in the presence of the infrared structure of gravity theory, which manifests the asymptotic symmetries of spacetime as the supertranslation soft hairs of the black hole. Though the black hole metrics with and without the soft hair are related by large gauge transformations, the near horizon geometries relevant for the shape of the shadow are quite different. Moreover, the Hamiltonian for the geodesic seems intrinsically different, i.e., the loss of separability due to the breaking of spherical symmetry by soft hair. By applying ray-tracing computations, we find that the soft hair, although not affecting the shape of the shadow, may change the average size and position of the shadow. Images resulting from soft hair black holes with surrounding accretion flows are also discussed.
Acute Ischemic Stroke in Pregnancy
Authors: Wiącek Marcin , Oboz-Adaś Antonina , Kuźniar Katarzyna , Karaś Anna , Jasielski Patryk , Bartosik-Psujek Halina 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Pregnancy increases the risk of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) among young women and is responsible for about 5% of maternal deaths and significant disability. Concerns of potential adverse events of imaging and reperfusion therapies in this group of patients can lead to a substantial delay or omission of treatment that can significantly worsen outcomes.

Objective
The objective of this study is to discuss main concerns of diagnosis and therapy of pregnant patients with AIS regarding neuroimaging and reperfusion treatment.

Results
The cumulative radiation dose of computed tomography (CT)-based entire diagnostic procedure (noncontrast CT, CT-angiography and CT-perfusion) is estimated to be below threshold for serious fetal radiation exposure adverse events. Similarly, magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)-based imaging is thought to be safe as long as gadolinium contrast media are avoided. The added risk of intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) and mechanical thrombectomy during pregnancy is thought to be very low. Nevertheless, some additional safety measures should be utilized to reduce the risk of radiation, contrast media and hypotension exposure during diagnostic procedures or reperfusion treatment.

Conclusion
Fetal safety concerns should not preclude routine diagnostic work-up (except for gadolinium contrast media administration) in childbearing AIS women, including procedures applied in unknown onset and late onset individuals. Due to rather low added risk of serious treatment complications, pregnancy should not be a sole contraindication for neither IVT, nor endovascular treatment.
Unterschiede zwischen Rettungsdiensteinsätzen mit und ohne Patiententransport
Authors: Dax Florian , Trentzsch Heiko , Lazarovici Marc , Hegenberg Kathrin , Kneißl Katharina , Hoffmann Florian , Prückner Stephan 
Published: September 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Inanspruchnahme des Rettungsdienstes in Bayern steigt seit Jahren an. Wir haben die Hypothese aufgestellt, dass Notfalleinsätze ohne Patiententransport (RoT) häufig Ausdruck einer unzureichenden Alarmierungsplanung sind. Das Ziel der Studie war es, für solche Einsätze die Unterschiede zwischen den Integrierten Leitstellen (ILS) in Bezug auf die Merkmale Transportquoten und Spannweiten nach Einsatzgrund sowie Uhrzeiten und Wochentage zu beschreiben.

Methode
Retrospektive Querschnittstudie der Daten aller 26 ILS des Freistaats Bayern im Jahr 2018. Transportquoten für wesentliche Einsatzgründe bei Notfalleinsätzen ohne Notarztbeteiligung wurden in Abhängigkeit von Leitstellenbereich, Tageszeit und Wochentag vergleichend analysiert. Einsätze wurden kategorisiert als RoT oder TP (Rettungswageneinsatz mit Transport).

Ergebnisse
Von 510.145 Einsätzen waren 147.621 (28,9 %) RoT und 362.524 (71,1 %) TP. Für alle untersuchten Einsatzgründe zeigten sich deutliche regionale Unterschiede in der Transportquote. Die höchste Spannweite unter den ILS ergab sich für die Einsatzgründe „Brandmeldeanlage“ (16,8 Prozentpunkte), „Hausnotruf aktiver Alarm“ (16,1) sowie „Herz/Kreislauf“ (14,6). In den Morgenstunden sinkt das Einsatzaufkommen bei steigenden TP. Die wenigsten RoT fanden zwischen 8 und 10 Uhr statt. Die Analyse der Wochentage ergab kleine Unterschiede in der Häufigkeit von RoT an Montagen sowie an Wochenenden ohne planerische Relevanz.

Schlussfolgerung
Wir haben deutliche Unterschiede in den Spannweiten festgestellt. Dies könnte auf örtlich unterschiedliche Alarmierungsplanungsvorgaben oder Dispositionsentscheidungen der ILS hindeuten. Die Leitstellen weisen hier wahrscheinlich ein erhebliches Potenzial zur Steuerung und Verbesserung der Ressourcenallokation auf.
Autonomy versus support: self-reliance and help-seeking for mental health problems in young people
Authors: Ishikawa Amelia , Rickwood Debra , Bariola Emily , Bhullar Navjot 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Many young people with mental ill-health do not seek support, and developmental growth in self-reliance may be a barrier to help-seeking. Increasing autonomy is a positive developmental task for youth and a key aspect of resilience. This study examined the influence of perceived social support and resilience on the previously unexamined relationship between self-reliance and intentions to seek help from informal, professional, and self-help sources for mental health problems.

Methods
An online survey was completed by a representative Australian community sample of 5,203 young people aged 12–25 years (half female), in May–June 2020.

Results
Path analysis showed the hypothesised conceptual model did not fit the data well, but a modified model was a good fit. Higher self-reliance was associated with lower intentions to seek informal and professional help, as expected, but not with greater intentions for self-help. The relationship between self-reliance and informal help-seeking intentions was fully mediated by perceived social support, whereas the relationship between self-reliance and professional help-seeking was also direct. Perceived social support fully mediated the relationship between self-reliance and resilience. Intentions to use self-help were not influenced by variables in the study, but higher self-help intentions were associated with higher professional help-seeking intentions. Associations were consistent across age and gender groups.

Conclusion
The results show the critical role of social support for combating some of the unhelpful aspects of self-reliance for mental health help-seeking in young people. Future research should explore how self-reliance can hinder or be harnessed to facilitate accessing appropriate mental health.