bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vivo PET Imaging of EGFR Expression: An Overview of Radiolabeled
EGFR TKIs
Authors: Zhu Jing , Li Yalun , Wu Xiaoai , Li Yunchun , Wang Li , Fan Hong 
Published: September 2022

Abstract:
With the development of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-based tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and their applications in the clinic, non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment has entered a new era, and a great number of patients have benefited. However, there still exist other subgroups of patients who may not benefit from EGFR TKIs, although EGFR mutation is the main driving mutation that leads to NSCLC. To identify potential NSCLC responders for TKI therapy and to detect EGFR status in vivo, noninvasive technology, such as TKI PET imaging, has been developed in recent years, and a great number of tyrosine kinase-targeted PET tracers have been reported. The visualization and quantification of EGFR expression in vivo by PET would provide the most important information for personalizing NSCLC therapy and prediction of response in clinical. This article overreviews the progress of small molecular tyrosine kinase-targeted PET tracers and their applications in preclinical experiments and clinical studies. The current limitations and future development of these tracers are also briefly discussed.
Serum Interleukin-6 and Weight Loss in Antiretroviral-naïve and
Antiretroviral-treated Patients with HIV/AIDS: Relationships and
Predictors
Authors: Adedeji Tewogbade Adeoye , Adedeji Nife Olamide , Ajeigbe Abiodun Kofoworola , Smith Olufemi Samuel , Jeje Olusola Akanni , Fawale Michael Bimbo , Ajose Abiodun Olabamiji , Adebisi Simeon Adelani , Akande Adeyinka Abdulrasak , Okesina Bashiru Adekunle 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Cachexia is usually associated with elevated serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) as
it stimulates the breakdown of muscle proteins and promotes wasting.

Objective:
A case-control study to evaluate the relationship between weight loss, facial fat loss, and
IL-6 in antiretroviral-naïve and treated participants living with HIV/AIDS.

Methods:
IL-6 was assayed by High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in 97 in consecutive
newly diagnosed antiretroviral-naive (ART-naïve) people living with HIV/AIDS (age ≥18
years); and 118 consecutive, age-matched participants currently on Highly Active Antiretroviral
Therapy (HAART), using age as a criterion. In the treated group, 78 (66.7%) subjects were on zidovudine,
lamivudine with nevirapine (Z+L+N); 27(23.1%) on tenofovir, lamivudine with emtricitabine
(T+L+E); 5(4.3%) on zidovudine, lamivudine with emtricitabine (Z+L+E); 4(3.4%) on zidovudine,
lamivudine with tenofovir (Z+L+T); 2(1.7%) on lamivudine, tenofovir with nevirapine
(L+T+N); 1(0.9%) on tenofovir, zidovudine, emtricitabine (Z+T+E).

Results:
A total of 215 participants: 97 ART-naive and 118 HAART-treated, age-matched subjects
(40.3±9.6 versus 42.7±10.20years, p=0.08). The mean IL-6 was significantly higher in naïve than
treated (0.69±0.04 versus 0.66±0.04 pg/ml, p =0.002). In all, 73 subjects experienced weight loss,
56(76.7%) naive, 17(23.3%) treated, p <0.0001, with significantly higher IL-6 in those with weight
loss (0.69±0.05 versus 0.67±0.05pg/ml, p= 0.047). Fifty-eight (27.0%) subjects experienced facial
fat loss, 49 (84.5%) naïve, and 9 (15.5%) treated, p <0.0001, with significantly higher IL-6 in those
with facial fat loss (0.7 ± 0.05 versus 0.67±0.05pg/ml, p= 0.0001). Negative correlation exists between
IL-6 and CD4+ count (r=-0.141, p=0.041). In logistic regression, independent predictors of
weight loss include: IL-6 (Adjusted Odds Ratio, aOR 1.3, 95%CI 0·1–2·6, p=0.047); HIV duration
(aOR 11.6, p <0.0001); AIDS-defining illness (aOR 3.5, p <0.0001); CD4+ count (aOR 3.2,
p=0.004); HAART status (aOR 2.7, p<0.0001).

Conclusion:
HIV infection is associated with elevation of serum interleukin-6, which likely contributes
to weight and facial fat loss among the treatment-naïve participants; while HAART is associated
with suppressed IL-6 levels, thereby ameliorating weight and facial fat loss. Inverse relationship
exists between serum IL-6 and CD4+ count; serum IL-6 could differentiate between mild- to
moderate and severe immunosuppressive states.
Considering the Conception of Nanotechnology Integrated on Herbal
Formulation for the Management of Cancer
Authors: Ojha Smriti , Yadav Shalini , Ajeet  , Aggarwal Babita , Gupta Saurabh Kumar , Mishra Sudhanshu 
Published: September 2022

Abstract:
Metastases result from a complicated process in which malignant cells detach from the initial
cancerous cells and disseminate to other locations. Few therapy options are available that aim to prevent
or counteract metastatic disorders. Identifying novel molecular targets and medications, developing techniques
to distribute preexisting chemicals, and combining resources to supervise individualized treatment
are all part of this process. Because of its improved sensitivity, accuracy, and multiplexed measurement
capacity, nanotechnology has been investigated to recognize extracellular cancer biomarkers, cancer cells,
and bioimaging. Nanotechnology is a vast and rapidly expanding field with enormous potential in cancer
treatment. Nanoparticles can treat resistant cancers with minimal harm to healthy tissues and organs by
targeting cancer stem cells. Nanoparticles can also trigger immune cells, which can help to destroy malignancies.
The potential of herbal-based nano formulation as a specialized and high-efficacy therapeutic
method opens the path for future research into the screening and use of herbal nanoparticles for cancer
treatment. The possible impacts of nanoparticles in the therapy of metastatic cancer, specifically on cell
stability, proliferation suppression, eventual interaction with adhesion molecules, and antiangiogenic
activity, are discussed in this paper.
A Brief Study on Drug Repurposing: New Way of Boosting Drug Discovery
Authors: Mazumder Rupa , Kaushik Kamal Kant , Debnath Abhijit , Patel Manisha 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Even with the massive increase in financial investments in pharmaceutical research
over the last decade, the number of new drugs approved has plummeted. As a result, finding new
uses for approved pharmaceuticals has become a prominent alternative approach for the pharmaceutical
industry.

Objective:
Drug repurposing or repositioning is a game-changing development in the field of drug research
that entails discovering additional uses for previously approved drugs.

Methods:
In comparison to traditional drug discovery methods, drug repositioning enhances the preclinical
steps of creating innovative medications by reducing the cost and time of the process. Drug repositioning
depends heavily on available drug-disease data, so the fast development of available data as well as
developed computing skills has resulted in the boosting of various new drug repositioning methods. The
main goal of this article is to describe these different methods and approaches for drug repurposing.

Results:
The article describes the basic concept of drug repurposing, its significance in discovering new
medications for various disorders, drug repurposing approaches such as computational and experimental
approaches, and previous as well as recent applications of drug repurposing in diseases such as cancer,
COVID-19, and orphan diseases.

Conclusion:
The review also addresses obstacles in drug development using drug repurposing strategies,
such as a lack of financing and regulatory concerns and concludes with outlining recommendations for
overcoming these challenges.
Importance of Thymoquinone, Sulforaphane, Phloretin, and Epigallocatechin
and their Health Benefits
Authors: Shahrajabian Mohamad Hesam , Sun Wenli 
Published: September 2022

Abstract:
Natural products have a broad diversity of multidimensional chemical formations, which play
an important role, and indicate the crucial nature as a golden source for gaining herbal drug discovery.
Thymoquinone performs various functions and impacts anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and
anti-diabetic. It shows the significant influence on the treatment of different cancer types, such as bone
cancer, bladder cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, and colon cancer. Sulforaphane has
anticancer and antimicrobial properties and anticarcinogenic constituents. Phloretin is a dihydrochalcone
flavonoid that indicates a potent antioxidant activity in peroxynitrite scavenging and restraint of lipid
peroxidation. The most important health benefits of phloretin are anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity
and its impacts on cancer cells. Its antioxidant activity occurs through a reducer of lipid peroxidation,
the scavenger of ROS, and its anti-inflammatory impacts happen through a declined level of cytokines,
adhesion molecules, chemokines, suppression of NF-κβ transcription, and decreased expression of COX-
2 and iNOS. Phloretin impacts cancer cells through cytotoxic and apoptotic activity and activation of
immune cells against the tumor. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate is the most abundant tea polyphenol, followed
by other polyphenols, namely, catechin, epicatechin, epigallocatechin, and epicatechin-3-gallate. This
review manuscript mentions some important medical health advantages and pharmaceutical effects of
thymoquinone, sulforaphane, phloretin, and epigallocatechin.
The Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Evodiamine Derivatives with
Hydroxy Groups
Authors: Yang Zheng , Guo Hui , Zhang Keyao , Jiang Zebo , Jin Ruyi , Guo Dongyan , Li Zhi , Wang Yuwei , Meng Lingjie 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Most of the structural modifications to evodiamine (EVO) have focused on the
3- and 10-positions, while structural modifications to the EVO 2-position have not yet been reported. In
this study, we investigated the scaffold diversity and bioactivity of EVO from position 2 to gain more
insight into the influence of the chemical space around EVO on bioactivity.

Objective:
The study aims to synthesize two derivatives of EVO with hydroxy groups, 8a and 8b, and to
investigate the antitumor activity of EVO derivatives with hydroxy groups compared to EVO.

Methods:
The synthesized compounds were structurally characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and mass
spectrometry. The effects of compounds 8a, 8b, and EVO on the proliferation of H460, A549, and Eca109
cells in vitro were determined by MTT. The effect of EVO, 8a and 8b on apoptosis of H460 cells was
investigated by the annexed V-FITC/propidium iodide (PI) combination assay. The expression of EVO,
8a and 8b on apoptosis-related proteins was examined by Western blot analysis. To simulate the binding
ability between small molecules and proteins, molecular docking calculations of EGFRWT and EGFRT790M
with 8a and 8b, respectively, were performed using Schrödinger software.

Results:
In the cytotoxicity assay, compound 8b showed lower IC50 values for the three tumor cell lines
(6.69 μM for H460 cells, 20.02 μM for A549 cells, and 16.47 μM for Eca109 cells) compared to compound
8a and EVO, and 8b induced apoptosis by affecting apoptosis-related proteins CRAF, AKT, and
ERK in a late apoptotic manner. The molecular docking results showed that 8b has a good binding ability
to EGFR upstream of apoptosis-related proteins.

Conclusion:
These findings suggest that 8b has significantly higher antitumor biological activity than
EVO and 8a. This antitumor effect has important implications for the study of EVO derivatives in antitumor
models.
Recent updates on folate targeted drug delivery systems in cancer: A minireview
Authors: Bisht Gopal Singh , Sharma Deepika , Sharma Manu 
Published: September 2022

Abstract:
Targeted drug delivery systems that selectively deliver anticancer drugs to tumour cells have always been a field of interest to reduce side effects associated with chemotherapy in cancer patients. Cancer cells require nutrients for their multiplication; folic acid is one such nutrient. Expression of folate receptors is negligible in normal cells, whereas they are overexpressed in a variety of cancer cells. A number of studies have shown that selective targeting of folate receptors in cancer is a beneficial approach, as folate targeted anticancer conjugates are selective towards cancer cells, thereby sparing non-cancerous cells. In this review, we have discussed folate receptor, folic acid as a cancer targeting moiety, different folate targeted anticancer drug conjugates, and different folate conjugated nanodelivery systems. This summarized information may turn out to be valuable for researchers to design novel folate targeted anticancer drug delivery systems having the potential to reduce the drawbacks associated with conventional cancer therapeutics.
Targeted Treatment and Immunotherapy in High-risk and Relapsed/
Refractory Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Temaj Gazmend , Graiqevci-Uka Violeta , Behluli Emir , Spahiu Lidvana , Liehr Thomas 
Published: September 2022

Abstract:
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is the most frequent pediatric malignancy in children, comprising 30% of all pediatric malignancies; adult ALL comprises 5% of all ALL cases, which have a 186.6 per 1 million incidence. In pediatric ALL (pALL), on which this review focuses, ap-proximately 1 in 285 children are diagnosed with cancer before the age of 20, and approximately 1 in 530 young adults between the ages of 20 and 39 years old is a childhood cancer survivor. The survival probability in pALL is now very high, approximately 80-90%. Thus, the most important is to improve supportive care and treatment based on relapse risk, optimally being based on the genet-ic feature of malignant cells. Improvements made by now are mainly the classifying of subgroups based on genetic characteristics such as aneuploidy or translocation and aligning them with treat-ment response. Relevant genetic changes in ALL pathogenesis are transcription regulators of lym-phoid development (PAX5, IKZF1, EBF1, and LEF1) and/or coactivators (TBL1XR1 and ERG), lymphoid signaling (BTLA, and CD200 TOX), and tumor suppressor genes (CDKN2A, CDKN2B, RB1, and TP53). This review aims to summarize treatment strategies inhibiting tyrosine kinases, in-fluencing different signaling pathways, BCL inhibitors, and anti-CD therapy (anti-cluster differenti-ation therapy) in pALL. CAR T-cell therapy (chimeric antigen receptors T-cell therapy) is under re-search and requires further development.
COVID-19: Recent Advances in Lung Ultrasound
Authors: Pandey Ramendra Pati , Mukherjee Riya , Chang Chung-Ming 
Published: September 2022

Abstract:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV 2) has become a global
threat that has led to tremendous societal instability. The SARS-CoV- 2 can exhibit a drastic variation in terms of the signs and symptoms in the patient’s body. This virus manifests its existence
through cough, fever, sore throat, body aches, chest pain, headaches, and dyspnoea. These can lead
to life-threatening respiratory insufficiency, thereby affecting several other organs such as the kidney, heart, lungs, liver, and nervous system. The lungs are the primary target site for SARS-CoV-2
and several diagnoses are being deployed in real time for treatment purposes.
Although chest CT is the standard method for early diagnosis and management of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), lung ultrasound (US) has some merits over chest CT and may be used in addition
to it in the workup of COVID-19. The goal of our review is to look at the observations of the reports
on lung ultrasound in COVID-19 patients and the current advances.
Phytosomes: A Novel Phytoconstituent Delivery Approach to Improve the
Efficacy of Obesity Treatment
Authors: Adiki Shanta Kumari , Sangeetha Shanmugasundaram , Kamireddy Srikala , Katakam Prakash , Obilineni Iswarya 
Published: September 2022

Objectives:
This review provides a detailed review of the treatment of obesity with natural products that are formulated as phytosomes. When novel drug delivery technology is used instead of traditional drug delivery in herbal medicine, side effects are reduced while safety and efficacy are improved.This article provides information about obesity along with its treatment and with special emphasis on phytosomes, their preparation and evaluation along with their application in obesity.

Methods:
A comprehensive search of electronic databases such as Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, Google, and Google Patents was carried out.

Results:
This review explains the details of research done on phytosomes with special reference to anti-obesity drugs. Still, there is a need to formulate anti-obesity herbal drugs as phytosomes to get better bioavailability, and fewer side effects. This phytosomal drug delivery approach may resolve the problems associated with conventional drug delivery.

Conclusion:
Integrating herbal medicine with novel drug delivery systems such as phytosomes to combat obesity has a significant scope and importance.
A Comprehensive Review on Nutritional and Medicinal Properties of
Pleurotus ostreatus: An Oyster Mushroom
Authors: Wal Pranay , Dwivedi Jyotsana , Kushwaha Shivangi , Yadav Anil , Singh Shashi Pratap , Hanumanthachar K. Joshi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract:
Mushrooms are an important aspect of the human diet, and their popularity has increased over the years. Pleurotus ostreatus (P. ostreatus) are the most commonly consumed mushrooms by the rural dwellers in South Western Nigeria, perhaps, based on their nutritive value and health-enhancing benefits. Pleurotus is a genus of about 40 mushroom species popularly referred to as "oyster mushrooms." P. ostreatus is one of several Pleurotus species that are widely consumed for their flavour, nutritional value, and medicinal properties. Polysaccharides, proteins, peptides, triterpenoids, lectins, lipids, and their derivatives are all found in the P. ostreatus mushroom, in addition to its essential therapeutic components. P. ostreatus commonly consumed as food or as food supplement have been reported in folklore for their antihypertensive property with limited scientific proof. This review emphasizes the excellent nutritional value of P. ostreatus mushrooms.
Physicochemical Quality and Thermal Stability of Vegetable Oils during Deep-Fat Frying of Potato Chips
Authors: Khattab Rabie 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Deep-fat frying induces organoleptic and physicochemical changes in
both oils and fried products. Excessive use of frying oils accrues decomposition products with
potential hazards to human health. Optimizing frying conditions and selecting the best frying oils
are needed for better-fried products.

Objective:
This study was conducted to investigate the physicochemical changes and thermal behavior
of vegetable oils (olive, canola, corn, sunflower and soybean oils) during deep-fat frying
of potato chips, and determine the optimum conditions required to produce the best quality fried
product.

Methods:
Thermal behavior, organoleptic characteristics, physicochemical properties (color index,
viscosity, specific gravity, peroxide value, free fatty acids, total polar compounds), and fatty
acid compositions of oils were investigated during the frying process every 8 hours up to 40
hours of heating.

Results:
Oils showed different quality and thermal stability. The optimum time and temperature
for frying were 10 minutes and 180°C. Sensory attributes, physicochemical characteristics and
fatty acid composition of oils were markedly affected by heating. Olive oil was the most stable
for frying. Total polar compounds of 27% (the rejection point for frying oils) would be reached
upon heating olive oil at 180°C for 114 hours. The corresponding times were 45, 43, 30 and 26
hours for canola, corn, sunflower and soybean oils, respectively.

Conclusion:
Olive oil showed the highest stability and produced the best-fried product, followed
by canola oil. Frying time increased with extended heating, and it could be used as a good indicator
of oil quality and when it should be discarded.
CHARGE-AF: A Useful Score For Atrial Fibrillation Prediction?
Authors: Goudis Christos , Daios Stylianos , Dimitriadis Fotios , Liu Tong 
Published: September 2022

Abstract:
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the commonest arrhythmia in clinical practice and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Various predictive scores for new-onset AF have been proposed, but so far none has been widely used in clinical practice. CHARGE-AF score was developed from a pooled diverse population from three large cohorts (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study, Cardiovascular Health Study and Framingham Heart Study). A simple 5-year predictive model includes the variables of age, race, height, weight, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, current smoking, use of antihypertensive medication, diabetes mellitus, history of myocardial infarction and heart failure. Recent studies report that CHARGE-AF score has good discrimination for incident AF and seems to be a quite promising prediction model for this arrhythmia. New screening tools (smartphone apps, smartwatches) are rapidly developing for AF detection. Therefore, the wide application of CHARGE-AF score in clinical practice along with the upcoming usage of mobile health technologies and smartwatches, may result in better AF prediction and adequate stroke prevention, especially in high-risk patients.
Effect of Sexual Empowerment Counseling on Self-efficacy, Assertive
Sexual Communication, Self-awareness, and Sexual Attitude, Awareness
of Sexually Transmitted Diseases, and HIV in Addicted Women - An
Interventional Study
Authors: Faridi Najmeh , Vakilian Katayon , Yousefi Alireza Agha 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Healthy and satisfying sex life is one of the important elements of well-being
and quality of life in women.

Objectives:
This study aimed to investigate the effect of sexual counseling on self-efficacy, assertive
sexual communication, self-awareness, sexual attitude, awareness of sexually transmitted diseases,
and HIV in addicted women in mandatory drug treatment camps.

Material and Methods:
The present study was conducted on 68 women in two groups (intervention =
34, control = 34). The intervention group received the counseling program. The control group received
routine services from the rehabilitation center.

Results:
The results showed that in the intervention group, 31 (100) before the intervention and 26
(86.7) 4 weeks after intervention (p = 0.05), had heard the name of STDs (p = 0.28). Moreover, 12
(38.7) participants in the intervention group and 12 (38.7) in the control group could name 4 symptoms
of STDs in women 4 weeks after intervention (p = 0.001).
Additionally, the sexual attitude was 44.64 ± 4.21 and 45.38 ± 4.09 in the intervention group and
40.66 ± 4.50 and 39.93 ± 4.71 in the control group 4 and 8 weeks after the intervention, respectively.
(p = 0.01). Moreover, the obtained results showed that the mean score of sexual knowledge was 40.25
± 3.62, 41.74 ± 3.44 and 36.36 ± 5.37 in the intervention group 4 and 8 weeks after the intervention,
showing a significant difference (p = 0.02).

Conclusion:
The findings of this study showed that sexual knowledge, sexual attitude and selfefficacy,
and sexual assertiveness could be improved through interventions based on skills and empowerment.
In addition, by presenting knowledge on STDs, condom use for safe sex in addicted
women can be increased.