bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
OrthoDB v11: annotation of orthologs in the widest sampling of organismal diversity
Authors: Kuznetsov Dmitry , Tegenfeldt Fredrik , Manni Mosè , Seppey Mathieu , Berkeley Matthew , Kriventseva Evgenia V , Zdobnov Evgeny M 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
OrthoDB provides evolutionary and functional annotations of genes in a diverse sampling of eukaryotes, prokaryotes, and viruses. Genomics continues to accelerate our exploration of gene diversity and orthology is the most precise way of bridging gene functional knowledge with the rapidly expanding universe of genomic sequences. OrthoDB samples the most diverse organisms with the best quality genomics data to provide the leading coverage of species diversity. This update of the underlying data to over 18 000 prokaryotes and almost 2000 eukaryotes with over 100 million genes propels the coverage to another level. This achievement also demonstrates the scalability of the underlying OrthoLoger software for delineation of orthologs, freely available from https://orthologer.ezlab.org. In addition to the ab-initio computations of gene orthology used for the OrthoDB release, the OrthoLoger software allows mapping of novel gene sets to precomputed orthologs and thereby links to their annotations. The LEMMI-style benchmarking of OrthoLoger ensures its state-of-the-art performance and is available from https://lemortho.ezlab.org. The OrthoDB web interface has been further developed to include a pairwise orthology view from any gene to any other sampled species. OrthoDB-computed evolutionary annotations as well as extensively collated functional annotations can be accessed via REST API or SPARQL/RDF, downloaded or browsed online from https://www.orthodb.org.
Synthetic fertilizers alter floral biophysical cues and bumblebee foraging behavior
Authors: Hunting Ellard R , England Sam J , Koh Kuang , Lawson Dave A , Brun Nadja R , Robert Daniel 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The use of agrochemicals is increasingly recognized as interfering with pollination services due to its detrimental effects on pollinators. Compared to the relatively well-studied chemical toxicity of agrochemicals, little is known on how they influence various biophysical floral cues that are used by pollinating insects to identify floral rewards. Here, we show that widely used horticultural and agricultural synthetic fertilizers affect bumblebee foraging behavior by altering a complex set of interlinked biophysical properties of the flower. We provide empirical and model-based evidence that synthetic fertilizers recurrently alter the magnitude and dynamics of floral electrical cues, and that similar responses can be observed with the neonicotinoid pesticide imidacloprid. We show that biophysical responses interact in modifying floral electric fields and that such changes reduce bumblebee foraging, reflecting a perturbation in the sensory events experienced by bees during flower visitation. This unveils a previously unappreciated anthropogenic interference elicited by agrochemicals within the electric landscape that is likely relevant for a wide range of chemicals and organisms that rely on naturally occurring electric fields.
The Effect of Reactive Balance Training on Falls in Daily Life: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Devasahayam Augustine Joshua , Farwell Kyle , Lim Bohyung , Morton Abigail , Fleming Natalie , Jagroop David , Aryan Raabeae , Saumur Tyler Mitchell , Mansfield Avril 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Objective
Reactive balance training (RBT) is an emerging approach to reducing falls risk in people with balance impairments. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of RBT on falls in daily life among individuals at increased risk of falls and to document associated adverse events.

Methods
Databases searched were Ovid MEDLINE (1946 to March 2022), Embase Classic and Embase (1947 to March 2022), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (2014 to March 2022), and Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro; searched on 22 March 2022). Randomized controlled trials of RBT were included. The literature search was limited to the English language. Records were screened by 2 investigators separately. Outcome measures were number of participants who reported falls after training, number of falls reported after training, and the nature, frequency, and severity of adverse events. Authors of included studies were contacted to obtain additional information.

Results
Twenty-nine trials were included, of which 17 reported falls and 21 monitored adverse events. Participants assigned to RBT groups were less likely to fall compared with control groups (fall risk ratio = 0.76; 95% CI = 0.63–0.92; I2 = 32%) and reported fewer falls than control groups (rate ratio = 0.61; 95% CI = 0.45–0.83; I2 = 81%). Prevalence of adverse events was higher in RBT (29%) compared with control groups (20%).

Conclusion
RBT reduced the likelihood of falls in daily life for older adults and people with balance impairments. More adverse events were reported in RBT than control groups.

Impact
Balance training that evokes balance reactions can reduce falls among people at increased risk of falls. Older adults and individuals with balance problems were less likely to fall in daily life after participating in RBT compared with traditional balance training.

Lay summary
If you are an older adult and/or have balance problems, your physical therapist may prescribe reactive balance training rather than traditional balance training in order to reduce your likelihood of falling in daily life.
A Framework for Understanding the Contribution of Psychosocial Factors in Biopsychosocial Explanatory Models of Persistent Postconcussion Symptoms
Authors: Faulkner Josh W , Snell Deborah L 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Biopsychosocial models are currently used to explain the development of persistent postconcussion symptoms (PPCS) following concussion. These models support a holistic multidisciplinary management of postconcussion symptoms. One catalyst for the development of these models is the consistently strong evidence pertaining to the role of psychological factors in the development of PPCS. However, when applying biopsychosocial models in clinical practice, understanding and addressing the influence of psychological factors in PPCS can be challenging for clinicians. Accordingly, the objective of this article is to support clinicians in this process. In this Perspective article, we discuss current understandings of the main psychological factors involved in PPCS in adults and summarize these into 5 interrelated tenets: preinjury psychosocial vulnerabilities, psychological distress following concussion, environment and contextual factors, transdiagnostic processes, and the role of learning principles. With these tenets in mind, an explanation of how PPCS develop in one person but not in another is proposed. The application of these tenets in clinical practice is then outlined. Guidance is provided on how these tenets can be used to identify psychosocial risk factors, derive predictions, and mitigate the development of PPCS after concussion from a psychological perspective within biopsychosocial conceptualizations.

Impact
This Perspective helps clinicians apply biopsychosocial explanatory models to the clinical management of concussion, providing summary tenets that can guide hypothesis testing, assessment, and treatment.
Early Rehabilitation Interventions and Physical Therapy in Adults Who Were Critically Ill With COVID-19 Pneumonia: A Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Pecorelli Nadja , Eggmann Sabrina , Jeitziner Marie-Madlen , Que Yok-Ai , Messmer Anna S 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Objective
The primary objective of this observational study was to analyze the time to the first edge-of-bed (EOB) mobilization in adults who were critically ill with severe versus non-severe COVID-19 pneumonia. Secondary objectives included the description of early rehabilitation interventions and physical therapy delivery.

Methods
All adults with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 requiring intensive care unit admission for ≥72 hours were included and divided according to their lowest PaO2/FiO2 ratio into severe (≤100 mmHg) or non-severe (&gt;100 mmHg) COVID-19 pneumonia. Early rehabilitation interventions consisted of in-bed activities, EOB or out-of-bed mobilizations, standing, and walking. The Kaplan–Meier estimate and logistic regression were used to investigate the primary outcome time-to-EOB and factors associated with delayed mobilization.

Results
Among the 168 patients included in the study (mean age = 63 y [SD = 12 y]; Sequential Organ Failure Assessment = 11 [interquartile range = 9–14]), 77 (46%) were classified as non-severe, and 91 (54%) were classified as severe COVID-19 pneumonia. Median time-to-EOB was 3.9 days (95% CI = 2.3–5.5) with significant differences between subgroups (non-severe = 2.5 days [95% CI = 1.8–3.5]; severe = 7.2 days [95% CI = 5.7–8.8]). Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation use and high Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores (adjusted effect = 13.7 days [95% CI = 10.1–17.4] and 0.3 days [95% CI = 0.1–0.6]) were significantly associated with delayed EOB mobilization. Physical therapy started within a median of 1.0 days (95% CI = 0.9–1.2) without subgroup differences.

Conclusion
This study shows that early rehabilitation and physical therapy within the recommended 72 hours during the COVID-19 pandemic could be maintained regardless of disease severity. In this cohort, the median time-to-EOB was fewer than 4 days, with disease severity and advanced organ support significantly delaying the time-to-EOB.

Impact
Early rehabilitation in the intensive care unit could be sustained in adults who are critically ill with COVID-19 pneumonia and can be implemented with existing protocols. Screening based on the PaO2/FiO2 ratio might reveal patients at risk and increased need for physical therapy.
EFFECT OF PELVIC LEAD SHIELD ON ORGAN DOSES IN POSTERO-ANTERIOR CHEST RADIOGRAPHY
Authors: Kelaranta Anna , Mäkelä Teemu , Hyppänen Teemu , Toroi Paula , Kortesniemi Mika 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Lead shields are commonly used in X-ray imaging to protect radiosensitive organs and to minimise patient’s radiation dose. However, they might also complicate or interfere with the examination, and even decrease the diagnostic value if they are positioned incorrectly. In this study, the radiation dose effect of waist half-apron lead shield was examined via Monte Carlo simulations of postero-anterior (PA) chest radiography examinations using a female anthropomorphic phantom. Relevant organs for dose determination were lungs, breasts, liver, kidneys and uterus. The organ dose reductions varied depending on shield position and organ but were negligible for properly positioned shields. The shield that had the largest effective dose reduction (9%) was partly positioned inside the field of view, which should not be done in practice. Dose reduction was practically 0% for properly positioned shields. Therefore, the use of lead shield in the pelvic region during chest PA examinations should be discontinued.
O006 Acute effects of combined cannabidiol (CBD) and ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in insomnia disorder: A randomised, placebo-controlled trial using high-density EEG
Authors: Suraev A , McGregor I , Marshall N , D'Rozario A , Kao C , Gordon C , Grunstein R , Hoyos C 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Medicinal cannabis is often cited as a popular alternative to common sleep aids; however, there are limited studies using complex sleep EEG methods examining its’ effects in insomnia disorder.

Methods
Twenty patients (16 female; median [IQR] age, 47 [13.8] years) with insomnia disorder (mean ISI=20.8) completed two 24-hour in-laboratory visits during which they received a single oral dose of ‘CBD/THC’ containing 200 mg cannabidiol (CBD) and 10 mg delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) or placebo. Co-primary outcomes were total sleep time (TST) and wake after sleep onset (WASO). Secondary outcomes included next-day neurobehavioural function and sleep microarchitecture metrics determined using overnight polysomnography with 256-channel high-density EEG.

Results
Compared to placebo, CBD/THC significantly decreased TST (-24.5 min, p=0.047) with no significant change to WASO (+10.7 min, p=0.422). CBD/THC significantly decreased time spent in REM sleep (-33.9min, p&lt;0.001) and increased REM sleep latency (+65.6 min, p=0.008). Preliminary high-density EEG analysis revealed increased alpha activity during REM sleep overlying the parietal cortex (p&lt;0.05). CBD/THC did not impair next-day (+12 h post-treatment) cognitive performance, alertness or simulated driving performance (all p’s&gt;0.05). Eighty-five mild, non-serious, adverse events were reported (55 during CBD/THC; most common dry mouth, drowsiness, and fatigue).

Conclusions
An acute dose of 200 mg CBD and 10 mg THC reduced TST and the time spent in REM sleep. Analysis of all high-density EEG outcomes is ongoing. CBD/THC did not affect next-day performance. Further research is required to determine the impact of chronic cannabinoid dosing on REM sleep and other objective sleep outcomes in insomnia disorder.
O007 The impact of physical activity on sleepiness among patients with obstructive sleep apnoea. A study from the Sydney Sleep Biobank
Authors: Callum J , Bin Y , Sarkissian N , Sutherland K , Piper A , Kairaitis K , Wheatley J , de Chazal P , Yee B , Cistulli P 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Sleepiness is the most common symptom of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). Despite this the Epworth Sleepiness Score (ESS) has not been shown to predict OSA severity. We present the preliminary results of a cross-sectional analysis in OSA patients to examine the relationship between sleepiness and physical activity.

METHODS
Participants aged &gt;18, with an AHI &gt;5, and no other sleep disorders were included. Sleepiness was defined as an Epworth Sleepiness Score (ESS) of &gt;10. Physical activity was defined as quartiles of Metabolic Equivalent of Task (MET) minutes derived from the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ).

PROGRESS TO DATE
593 participants were included (mean age 53.7, SD 14.4 years; 70.7% male; mean BMI 32.7, SD 8.5 kg/m2). 24.3% had ESS&gt;=10 in the lowest quartile of physical activity, 28.2% in the 2nd quartile, 35.3% in the 3rd quartile and 30.2% in those with most activity. Controlling for OSA severity, gender, age or BMI, logistic regression showed increased sleepiness among participants in the 3rd quartile (3,147–6,426 MET-min/week) compared to the 1st quartile (&lt;924 MET-min/week) with an odds ratio of 1.75 (95%CI 1.04–2.97). There was no interaction between OSA severity and physical activity.

INTENDED IMPACT AND OUTCOME
Preliminary results suggest increased sleepiness among participants exerting 3,147–6,426 MET-min/week compared to &lt;924 MET-min/week. Further analysis will consider frequency and type of physical activity (in addition to energy expenditure), additional confounding variables (e.g. sedating medication) and alternate measures of sleepiness (e.g. FOSQ-10).
O008 The effect of flow limited breathing and endotypes on night to night variability of sleep apnoea severity
Authors: Hynes D , Edwards B , Mann D , Landry S , Joosten S , Hamilton G 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a condition involving repetitive collapse of the upper airway during sleep. The diagnosis and characterisation of OSA is based primarily off the apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI) in a single-night sleep study. Recent data have demonstrated night to night variability (NNV) in OSA severity. Knowledge of which patients have more variable OSA would improve long-term risk stratification and management. However, patient and polysomnographic characteristics associated with high NNV have not been completely explored. This study aims to determine whether the pattern of flow limited breathing (FLB) and underlying endotypes of patients with OSA are predictive of those with high NNV in OSA severity.

Methods
71 patients with OSA were identified from the placebo arm of randomized controlled trials testing novel OSA interventions. Each patient had undergone two sleep studies. Patient characteristics, medical history and data from both sleep studies were accessed. Sleep data were processed using established algorithms to quantify the degree of FLB as well as OSA endotypes. Differences between each night were analysed for agreement, and for change in the severity of OSA.

Progress to date
Ethics approval has been obtained and data has been processed for statistical analysis.

Intended outcome and impact
It is expected that NNV will be high in those with mild to moderate OSA, and the pattern of FLB and endotypes across multiple nights will help predict those with more variable compared to stable disease.
O012 Cardiovascular risk in a sleep clinic population with Obstructive Sleep Apnoea and association with symptom and polysomnographic profiles
Authors: Kemp E , Sutherland K , Bin Y , Chan A , Dissanayake H , Yee B , Kairaitis K , Wheatley J , De Chazal P , Piper A , Sarkissian N , Cistulli P 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
Recent population level data has identified specific symptom and polysomnographic profiles associated with development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). Our aims were to determine whether these profiles were present at diagnosis of OSA in pre-existing CVD and high cardiovascular risk.

Methods
Participants in the Sydney Sleep Biobank (SSB) database, aged 30-74 years, self-reported presence of CVD (coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, or heart failure). In those without CVD, the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) was calculated to estimate 10-year absolute CVD risk, categorised as “low” (&lt;10%), “intermediate” (10-20%), or “high” (&gt;20%). Groups were compared on symptom and polysomnographic variables.

Progress to Date
629 patients (68% male; mean age 54.3 years (SD 11.6); mean BMI 32.3 (SD 8.2)) were included. CVD was reported in 12.2%. Of the remainder, 27.7% had a low risk FRS, 25.4% had intermediate risk and 34.7% had high risk. Insomnia symptoms of waking too early and difficulty maintaining sleep were more prevalent in the high FRS group (p=0.003 and p=0.05, respectively). CVD and FRS groups differed on multiple polysomnographic variables, however none of these differences remained significant after adjusting for age, sex, and BMI.

Intended Outcome and Impact
CVD and high CVD risk are associated with OSA on insomnia symptoms and multiple polysomnographic variables, however these associations are most likely due to demographic differences. Our research adds to the growing body of evidence elucidating the association between OSA and CVD. Further research is needed to translate to personalised management strategies.
O014 Tolerance of polysomnography in children with neurodisability versus neurotypical peers
Authors: Lanzlinger D , Kevat A , Chawla J 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
Diagnostic polysomnography (PSG) is the gold standard test to evaluate children for sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). Little is known about how well children with neurodisability tolerate the components of PSG compared to neurotypical children.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of children &gt;12 months old who underwent diagnostic PSG at our centre from 01/01/2021-30/06/2021, examining how PSG-related monitoring leads were tolerated, based primarily on sleep technician and physician reports. Data extracted included reports of how children tolerated PSG set-up and the individual leads through the night. Children with neurodisability were compared to neurotypical children and sub-analyses were conducted related to particular sub-groups (e.g. Trisomy 21).

Results
132 children with neurodisability and 139 neurotypical children underwent diagnostic PSG. Mean age was 8 years, 50% had a sleep disorder identified on PSG and 39% were female, with no significant differences between the groups. The most-poorly tolerated sensor for all children was the nasal pressure transducer (poorly tolerated in 30%), followed by thermistor (14%) and EEG leads (6%). Children with neurodisability were less likely to tolerate all PSG leads (44% did not tolerate all) compared to neurotypical children (20%) [relative risk 1.8, 95%CI 1.2-1.7, p&lt;0.05]. Children with Trisomy 21 had an increased likelihood of PSG lead intolerance (63%) compared to neurotypical children [relative risk 2.3, 95%CI 1.4-3.8 p&lt;0.05].

Conclusion
This retrospective study demonstrates that children with neurodisability are less likely to tolerate PSG monitoring than neurotypical children and highlights the need to develop alternative measures for evaluation of SDB in this population.
O018 A 10 year follow-up of positive Multiple Sleep Latency Tests in a tertiary centre
Authors: Berenyi F , Kyoong A 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
There are limited robust population prevalence data and the natural history of central hypersomnolence disorders in Australia. We conducted a retrospective chart review of multiple sleep latency tests (MSLTs) conducted in an Australian Sleep unit and reviewed clinical outcomes over time, response to treatment and duration of follow-up.

Methods
517 MSLTs were extracted from a metropolitan hospital’s database between 2011 and 2021; 215 were positive. Data were extracted from overnight polysomnography (PSG), MSLTs and electronic medical records. The results were analysed using t-test and linear regression models.

Results
The mean age was 36.7 years and 58% were female. 37 patients met the criteria for type 1 or 2 narcolepsy, 157 for idiopathic hypersomnolence and 21 for an alternative sleep disorder. Of those with narcolepsy, 84.6% were commenced on medication. Modafinil was the most commonly prescribed first line medication.
At 1 year, 48% of patients in the narcolepsy group had complete or partial treatment success, compared with 24% in the idiopathic hypersomnolence group. At 3 years, 31% of narcolepsy patients and 12% of idiopathic hypersomnolence patients reported complete or partial treatment success. At 5 years, only 19% of narcolepsy patients and 6% of idiopathic hypersomnolence patients described ongoing treatment success.

Discussion
This study demonstrated a much higher prevalence of idiopathic hypersomnolence than expected. A significant number of patients were lost to follow-up, predominantly in the first 12 months, with progressive losses over the subsequent years. The reasons for these are unclear; however, would be important to explore in future studies.