bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with pharmacy residency matching: A scoping review
Authors: Miller Juliette A. , Lavender Devin L. , Johnson Blake R. , Osae Sharmon P. , Stone Rebecca H. , Thomas Ian , Phillips Beth Bryles 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe increasing demand for pharmacy residency programs continues to outpace the supply. The mismatch between available pharmacy residency positions and the number of residency applicants leaves many interested and qualified candidates without a residency. The objective of this review is to describe available literature and factors associated with successful matching to a pharmacy residency program.MethodsThe Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses Extension for Protocols and Scoping Reviews (PRISMA‐ScR) was used to guide the identification and selection of articles. A search strategy was developed using the combination of medical subject headings (MeSH) and keywords from a review of titles and abstracts of known articles. Titles and abstracts were independently reviewed, and citation mapping was completed for all studies that met inclusion criteria.ResultsStudies assessing residency match rates were included and 28 studies met inclusion criteria. Of these studies, 16 analyzed data from pharmacy schools, with over half evaluating an intervention such as mock interviews or residency preparation courses. Most of these studies found an association between the intervention and higher match rates. Two studies surveyed residency program directors on desired traits of prospective candidates. Ten studies analyzed national data. A higher number of residency applications, a higher number of interviews completed or invitations received, publication of research abstracts, and higher grade point averages were associated with higher match rates. Pharmacy school characteristics with positive impacts on match rates included public institution, older age of the school, higher North American Pharmacy Licensure Examination (NAPLEX) pass rates, and affiliation with an academic medical center.ConclusionThe studies described show the positive benefit of pharmacy residency preparatory activities and individual applicant factors, as well as pharmacy school characteristics on match rates. Most studies had limitations in study design and generalizability, and much of the data were heterogeneous.
Reflective FT‐NIR and SERS studies of HER‐II breast cancer biomarker using plasmonic‐active nanostructured thin film immobilized oriented antibody
Authors: Khosroshahi Mohammad E. , Patel Yesha 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe describe the fabrication of plasmonic‐active nanostructured thin film substrate as a label‐free surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)‐based biosensor immobilized covalently with monoclonal HER‐II antibody (mAb) to detect overexpressed HER‐II as a biomarker in breast cancer serum (BCS). Oriented conjugation of mAb via hydrazone linkage to provide higher mAb accessibility was characterized by UV‐vis and reflective Fourier transform near‐infrared (FT‐NIR) spectroscopic techniques. The interaction of BCS with mAb was studied by FT‐NIR and nonresonant SERS at 637 nm. The results showed detection of glycoprotein content at different laser powers including a rise in amino acid and glycan content with varying results at higher power. With nonresonant SERS we observed nonlinear behavior of peak intensity. Analysis of variance was implemented to determine the effect of laser power which was found not to be a contributing factor. However, at the nanoscale, factors including the heating effect and aggregation of molecules can contribute to the nonlinearity of peak intensity.
Activating EGFR Signaling Attenuates Osteoarthritis Development Following Loading Injury in Mice
Authors: Gui Tao , Wei Yulong , Luo Lijun , Li Jun , Zhong Leilei , Yao Lutian , Beier Frank , Nelson Charles L. , Tsourkas Andrew , Liu X. Sherry , Enomoto-Iwamoto Motomi , Yu Feifan , Cheng Zhiliang , Qin Ling 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
Posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) results in joint pain, loss of joint function, and impaired quality of daily life in patients with limited treatment options. We previously demonstrated that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling is essential for maintaining chondroprogenitors during articular cartilage development and homeostasis. Here, we used a nonsurgical, loading-induced PTOA mouse model to investigate the protective action of EGFR signaling. A single bout of cyclic tibial loading at a peak force of 6 N injured cartilage at the posterior aspect of lateral femoral condyle. Similar loading at a peak force of 9 N ruptured the anterior cruciate ligament, causing additional cartilage damage at the medial compartment and ectopic cartilage formation in meniscus and synovium. Constitutively overexpression of an EGFR ligand, heparin binding EGF-like growth factor (HBEGF), in chondrocytes significantly reduced cartilage injury length, synovitis, and pain after 6 N loading and mitigated medial side cartilage damage and ectopic cartilage formation after 9 N loading. Mechanistically, overactivation of EGFR signaling protected chondrocytes from loading-induced apoptosis and loss of proliferative ability and lubricant synthesis. Overexpressing HBEGF in adult cartilage starting right before 6 N loading had similar beneficial effects. In contrast, inactivating EGFR in adult cartilage led to accelerated PTOA progression with elevated cartilage Mankin score and synovitis score and increased ectopic cartilage formation. As a therapeutic approach, we constructed a nanoparticle conjugated with the EGFR ligand TGFα. Intra-articular injections of this nanoconstruct once every 3 weeks for 12 weeks partially mitigated PTOA symptoms in cartilage and synovium after 6 N loading. Our findings demonstrate the anabolic actions of EGFR signaling in maintaining articular cartilage during PTOA development and shed light on developing a novel nanomedicine for PTOA. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Novel insights into the effect of deer IGF‐1 on chondrocyte viability and IL‐1β‐induced inflammation response
Authors: Zhong Jinghong , Zhang Jingcheng , Zhou Zhenwei , Pan Daian , Zhao Daqing , Dong Haisi , Yao Baojin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractClinical treatment of Osteoarthritis (OA) remains a challenge due to the poor self‐regeneration ability of cartilage. Deer antler is the only cartilage tissue that can completely regenerate each year. Insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1) is one of the major active components in the deer antler that participate in regulating the rapid regeneration of deer antler cartilage. This has led us to speculate that deer IGF‐1 might potentially become a candidate drug for reducing damage and inflammation of OA. Thus, we aimed to explore the underlying mechanism of deer IGF‐1 in chondrocyte proliferation, differentiation, and inflammation response. Deer, mouse, and human IGF‐1 amino acid sequences and protein structures were aligned using CLUSTAL and PSIPRED. The underlying molecular mechanism of deer IGF‐1 on primary chondrocytes was investigated by RNA‐sequencing (RNA‐seq) technology combined with various experiments. Cytokine interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) was used to induce the inflammation response of primary chondrocytes. We found that deer IGF‐1 was more similar to human IGF‐1 than mouse IGF‐1. qRT‐PCR and immunofluorescence assay indicated that deer IGF‐1 had stronger effects than mouse IGF‐1. We also found that the deer IGF‐1 enhanced the expression of cell proliferation, differentiation, and extracellular matrix (ECM)‐related genes, but decreased the expression of ECM‐degrading genes. Deer IGF‐1 also attenuated the IL‐1β‐induced inflammatory and ECM degradation in chondrocytes. This study provides insight into the molecular mechanisms of deer IGF‐1 on primary chondrocyte viability and presents a candidate for combatting inflammatory responses in OA development.
Ageing with HIV: a longitudinal study of markers of resilience in young adults with perinatal exposure to HIV, with or without perinatally acquired HIV
Authors: Sirois Patricia A. , Huo Yanling , Nozyce Molly L. , Garvie Patricia A. , Harris Lynnette L. , Malee Kathleen , McEvoy Robin , Mellins Claude A. , Nichols Sharon L. , Smith Renee , Tassiopoulos Katherine ,   for the Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionMedical challenges, including perinatally acquired HIV (PHIV), can be considered adversity with the potential to compromise individuals’ ability to meet societal expectations across the lifespan. Studies suggest that resilience, defined as positive adaptation in the context of adversity, helps individuals overcome challenges and improve their quality of life. Few longitudinal studies have examined resilience in young adults with perinatally acquired HIV (YAPHIV) or perinatal HIV exposure, uninfected (YAPHEU). We examined three young adult milestones, which can affect the life‐long quality of life, as markers of resilience: high school graduation, postsecondary education and current employment.MethodsAnalyses included YAPHIV and YAPHEU, ages 19–27 years, followed in longitudinal cohort studies: Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study Adolescent Master Protocol (AMP) (7–17 years) and AMP Up (≥18 years). Factors known to influence the attainment of milestones (outcomes) were examined: executive function, cognitive efficiency (working memory and processing speed), behavioural/social‐emotional functioning, parent/caregiver mental/physical health and cumulative risk. HIV disease markers for YAPHIV were examined. The most recent AMP assessment was used for each factor; outcomes were measured at AMP Up 1‐year follow‐up. Separate robust Poisson regression models were used to assess associations of each factor with each outcome; PHIV status was explored as an effect modifier of each association.ResultsParticipants (N = 315; YAPHIV = 228): 58% female, 67% Black and 27% Hispanic. Compared to YAPHEU, YAPHIV were older and from families with higher median income and fewer symptoms of parent/caregiver mental health/substance use disorders. Proportions of YAPHIV and YAPHEU, respectively, who achieved each milestone were comparable: 82% versus 78% for high school graduation (p = 0.49), 45% versus 51% for postsecondary education (p = 0.35) and 48% versus 54% for current employment (p = 0.32). Higher cognitive efficiency was positively associated with postsecondary education and current employment. Higher executive function, age‐appropriate behavioural/social‐emotional functioning and lower cumulative risk were associated with academic milestones. Among YAPHIV, positive associations were: higher current CD4 with postsecondary education and lower nadir CD4 with current employment. PHIV status did not modify any association.ConclusionsYAPHIV and YAPHEU demonstrated resilience, attaining at least one young adult milestone. Cognitive, behavioural and social resources to support resilience in childhood and adolescence may provide the foundation for continued achievement throughout adulthood.
The role and control of arginine levels in arginase 1 deficiency
Authors: Diaz George A. , Bechter Mark , Cederbaum Stephen D. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractArginase 1 Deficiency (ARG1‐D) is a rare urea cycle disorder that results in persistent hyperargininemia and a distinct, progressive neurologic phenotype involving developmental delay, intellectual disability, and spasticity, predominantly affecting the lower limbs and leading to mobility impairment. Unlike the typical presentation of other urea cycle disorders, individuals with ARG1‐D usually appear healthy at birth and hyperammonemia is comparatively less severe and less common. Clinical manifestations typically begin to develop in early childhood in association with high plasma arginine levels, with hyperargininemia (and not hyperammonemia) considered to be the primary driver of disease sequelae. Nearly five decades of clinical experience with ARG1‐D and empirical studies in genetically manipulated models have generated a large body of evidence that, when considered in aggregate, implicates arginine directly in disease pathophysiology. Severe dietary protein restriction to minimize arginine intake and diversion of ammonia from the urea cycle are the mainstay of care. Although this approach does reduce plasma arginine and improve patients' cognitive and motor/mobility manifestations, it is inadequate to achieve and maintain sufficiently low arginine levels and prevent progression in the long term. This review presents a comprehensive discussion of the clinical and scientific literature, the effects and limitations of the current standard of care, and the authors' perspectives regarding the past, current, and future management of ARG1‐D.
Excess risk for acute myocardial infarction mortality during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Yeo Yee Hui , Wang Maggie , He Xinyuan , Lv Fan , Zhang Yue , Zu Jian , Li Mei , Jiao Yang , Ebinger Joseph E. , Patel Jignesh K. , Cheng Susan , Ji Fanpu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has had a detrimental impact on the healthcare system. Our study armed to assess the extent and the disparity in excess acute myocardial infarction (AMI)‐associated mortality during the pandemic, through the recent Omicron outbreak. Using data from the CDC's National Vital Statistics System, we identified 1 522 669 AMI‐associated deaths occurring between 4/1/2012 and 3/31/2022. Accounting for seasonality, we compared age‐standardized mortality rate (ASMR) for AMI‐associated deaths between prepandemic and pandemic periods, including observed versus predicted ASMR, and examined temporal trends by demographic groups and region. Before the pandemic, AMI‐associated mortality rates decreased across all subgroups. These trends reversed during the pandemic, with significant rises seen for the youngest‐aged females and males even through the most recent period of the Omicron surge (10/2021–3/2022). The SAPC in the youngest and middle‐age group in AMI‐associated mortality increased by 5.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.6%–9.1%) and 3.4% (95% CI: 0.1%–6.8%), respectively. The excess death, defined as the difference between the observed and the predicted mortality rates, was most pronounced for the youngest (25–44 years) aged decedents, ranging from 23% to 34% for the youngest compared to 13%–18% for the oldest age groups. The trend of mortality suggests that age and sex disparities have persisted even through the recent Omicron surge, with excess AMI‐associated mortality being most pronounced in younger‐aged adults.
Impact of COVID‐19 vaccination on transmission risk of breakthrough infections: Lessons from adapted N95 mask sampling for emerging variants and interventions
Authors: Sriraman Kalpana , Shaikh Ambreen , Vaswani Smriti , Mestry Tejal , Patel Grishma , Sakthivel Shalini , Oswal Vikas , Kadam Pratibha , Nilgiriwala Kayzad , Shah Daksha , Gomare Mangala , Mistry Nerges 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study used an adapted N95 mask sampling to understand the effect of COVID‐19 vaccination in the context of circulating variants on infected individuals to emit the virus into the air, a key risk factor of transmission. Mask, swab, and blood samples were collected from 92 COVID‐19 patients vaccinated (Covishield/COVAXIN‐partial/fully) or unvaccinated between July and September 2021 during the Delta‐dominated period in Mumbai. Mask/swab samples were analyzed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for viral RNA. Blood was evaluated for SARS‐CoV‐2 anti‐spike and nucleocapsid antibody responses. At <48 h of diagnosis, 93% of the patients emitted detectable viral RNA, with 40% emitting >1000 copies in 30 min (high emitters). About 8% continued to be high emitters even after 8 days of symptom onset. No significant difference was observed in emission patterns between partial, full, and unvaccinated patients. However, when vaccinated patients were stratified based on spike protein neutralization and nucleocapsid immunoglobulin G (IgG), the group with moderate/high neutralization showed a significantly lower proportion of high emitters and viral RNA copies than the group with no/low neutralization, which further reduced in the group having antinucleocapsid IgG. In conclusion, mask sampling showed that Delta infections were associated with greater virus emission in patients, which was significantly reduced only in vaccinated patients with moderate/high SARS‐CoV‐2 neutralization, especially with evidence of past infection. The study demonstrated that mask sampling could be useful for understanding the transmission risk of emerging variants, screening vaccine/booster candidates, and guiding control interventions.
Emergency Department Visits and Hospitalizations After Pediatric Tracheostomy
Authors: Beams Dylan R. , Chorney Stephen R. , Kou Yann‐Fuu , Teplitzky Taylor B. , Wynings Erin M. , Johnson Romaine F. 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveTo determine factors associated with frequent emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalizations after pediatric tracheostomy.MethodsA prospective cohort of children (<18 years) with a tracheostomy placed at a tertiary children's hospital between 2015 and 2019 were followed for 24 months after index discharge. ED visits and hospitalizations were recorded to identify risk factors for frequent utilization (≥4 visits).ResultsA total of 239 children required 1285 total visits to the ED or hospital after index discharge with 112 children (47%) having ≥4 visits. Respiratory‐related illness was the most common reason (N = 699, 54%) followed by gastrostomy tube issues (N = 119, 9.3%). Frequent utilization was associated with Black race (OR: 2.01, 95% CI: 1.18–3.70, p = 0.01), mechanical ventilation (OR: 2.74, 95% CI: 1.35–5.59, p = 0.006), and Spanish language (OR: 3.86, 95% CI: 1.47–10.11, p = 0.006) on regression modeling. There were no predictors of visits for tracheostomy‐related complications, which accounted for 4.8% of all encounters. A sub‐analysis showed that Hispanic ethnicity and gestational age predicted visits for respiratory failure.ConclusionFrequent ED visits or hospitalizations are required for 47% of children in the first 2 years after tracheostomy placement. Ventilatory support, Black race, and Spanish language increase the likelihood of high utilization. Although tracheostomy‐related visits are uncommon, strategies to anticipate and decrease respiratory‐related admissions may have the most impact.Level of evidence3 Laryngoscope, 133:2018–2024, 2023
Influence of surface treatment on the metal dusting behavior of alloy 699 XA
Authors: White Emma , Schlereth Clara , Lepple Maren , Hattendorf Heike , Nowak Benedikt , Galetz Mathias C. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMetal dusting attack is a serious problem in processing industries using carbonaceous gases and high temperatures. Ni‐based alloy 699 XA was recently developed as an alloy for these types of environments with high resistance against metal dusting. In this study, different surface treatments of this chromium‐ and aluminum‐rich alloy are shown to have an important influence on the metal dusting onset behavior. It was found that surface treatments that are traditionally considered to be helpful for fatigue performance, for example, shot peening, and pickling were detrimental to the metal dusting performance of alloy 699 XA. Additionally, the shot peening surface treatment promoted Fe surface contamination, resulting in a negative impact on the metal dusting pitting resistance of the alloy. Deformation accompanied by apparent BCC α‐Cr precipitation in the bulk microstructure, but a comparison with cold‐rolled materials shows that the surface treatment dominates the metal dusting resistance.
The impact of quality of life on industrial and agricultural production and environmental efficiency in China's provinces
Authors: Yang Li , Chiu Yung‐ho , Chang Tzu‐Han 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWhile most related topics focus on industrial production, economics, and environmental pollution, few studies discuss industrial production, economic development, environmental pollution, and quality of life together, and those that do fail to recognize how QoL influences agriculture and industry development issues. This research thus takes QoL as an exogenous variable and places agricultural production efficiency and industrial production efficiency as two parallel stages into one stage. The finding is that its addition modifies the overall efficiency of the region, as none of the 30 provinces has reached the efficiency frontier, and there is room for improvement in all of them.
A delayed modulation of solar ultraviolet radiation on theCOVID‐19 transmission reflects an incubation period
Authors: He Maosheng , Fang Keyan , Zhou Feifei , Ou Tinghai , Chen Deliang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLaboratory experiments have revealed the meteorological sensitivity of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) virus. However, no consensus has been reached about how outdoor meteorological conditions modulate the virus transmission as it is also constrained by non‐meteorological conditions. Here, we identify the outbreak's evolution stage, constrained least by non‐meteorological conditions, by searching the maximum correlation coefficient between the ultraviolet flux and the growth rate of cumulative confirmed cases at the country level. At this least‐constrained stage, the cumulative cases count around 1300–3200, and the count's daily growth rate correlates with the ultraviolet flux and temperature significantly (correlation coefficientsr = −0.54 ± 0.09 and −0.39 ± 0.10 at , respectively), but not with precipitation, humidity, and wind. The ultraviolet correlation exhibits a delay of about 7 days, providing a meteorological measure of the incubation period. Our work reveals a seasonality of COVID‐19 and a high risk of a pandemic resurgence in winter, implying a need for seasonal adaption in public policies.