bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ti3C2Tx MXene‐RAN van der Waals Heterostructure‐Based Flexible Transparent NIR Photodetector Array for 1024 Pixel Image Sensing Application
Authors: Hu Chuqiao , Chen Hao , Li La , Huang Hui , Shen Guozhen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe enriched surface functional group such as OH termination and unique 2D structure of Ti3C2Tx MXene provide the feasibility to form hydrogen bonds with organic photosensitive materials as van der Waals heterostructures, thus can realize the improved photoresponsivity of near infrared (NIR) photodetectors (PDs). In this work, an organic–inorganic van der Waals heterostructure‐based NIR PD array is designed using Ti3C2Tx MXene as conductive electrodes and RAN film as active materials (Ti3C2Tx‐RAN PDs). The on‐off ratio of the fabricated devices shows 6.25 times higher than that of PDs using thermal evaporated Au electrode (Au‐RAN PDs) under 1064 nm laser excitations. The fabricated Ti3C2Tx‐RAN NIR PDs also possess outstanding mechanical stability with no obvious photoresponse degradation under different bending states and high transparency with a transmittance above 70% in the visible region. Owing to the high performance of the Ti3C2Tx‐RAN PDs, a 1024‐pixel (32 × 32) image sensor array is fabricated to achieve delicate, vivid, and higher resolution imaging of a “deer,” opening up a new avenue for the biomimetic vision and flexible wearable accurate image sensing.
3D Printed Spring‐Type Electronics with Liquid Metals for Highly Stretchable Conductors and Inductive Strain/Pressure Sensors
Authors: Okutani Chihiro , Yokota Tomoyuki , Miyazako Hiroki , Someya Takao 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe spring structure is stretchable and resilient, enabling electronic devices to be highly stretchable and durable. However, spring objects composed of only soft materials cannot be maintained without a supporting rod inside the coil owing to self‐weight deformation. Therefore, a design strategy should be investigated. In this study, self‐maintaining spring structures with soft materials are designed using physical simulations and soft spring‐type electronic devices (a stretchable conductor, strain sensor, and pressure sensor) with little hysteresis are developed. The spring‐type electronic devices consist of a core–sheath structure, which is a core channel filled with liquid metal and a 3D‐printed elastomeric sheath. The spring‐type conductor can be stretched with a small force (1.25 N) and has a negligible resistance change for up to 400% strain and ≈5.5% resistance increase at 640% strain. Moreover, the inductance induced by the coil structure monotonically decreases in the range of 200% stretching. The device also has high durability with little change in the electrical characteristics during 1000 cycles of 100% stretching. Furthermore, an inductive pressure sensor can measure <250 Pa (50 mN) by compressing the spring. Spring‐type electronic devices composed of soft materials contribute to highly durable and stretchable sensors for robotic applications.
A Miniaturized Imaging Window to Quantify Intravital Tissue Regeneration within a 3D Microscaffold in Longitudinal Studies
Authors: Conci Claudio , Jacchetti Emanuela , Sironi Laura , Gentili Lorenzo , Cerullo Giulio , Osellame Roberto , Chirico Giuseppe , Raimondi Manuela Teresa 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe biocompatibility assessment of biomaterials or the dynamic response of implanted constructs entails inflammatory events primary reflected in cell behavior at the microcirculatory system. Current protocols are based on histopathology which are over 40 years old and require the sacrifice of a huge number of laboratory animal with an unsustainable ethical burden of animal research. Intravital microscopy techniques are actually used to study implantation outcomes in real time. However, no device providing a specific tracking geometry to reposition the field of view of the microscope, for repeated analyses, exists yet. The synthetic photoresist SZ2080 is characterized here, allowing the development and in vivo validation of a miniaturized imaging window, the Microatlas, that, fabricated via two‐photon polymerization, is implanted in living chicken embryos and imaged by fluorescence microscopy 3 and 4 days after the implant. The characterization of their elastomechanical and fluorescence properties highlights planar raster spacing as the most important parameter in tuning the mechanical and spectroscopic features of the structures. The quantification of cell infiltration inside the Microatlas demonstrates its potential as novel scaffold for tissue regeneration and as beacon for 3D repositioning of the microscope field of view and correction of optical aberrations.
2D Van der Waals Rare Earth Material Based Ratiometric Luminescence Thermography Integrated on Micro–Nano Devices Vertically
Authors: Chen Ping , Xu Xiang , Li Dongyan , Li Zexin , Wang Haoyun , Pi Lejing , Zhou Xing , Zhai Tianyou 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRemote and real‐time thermography integrated on micro–nano devices vertically can promote the integration while estimating their operation, which is hitherto challenging. Here, the ratiometric luminescence thermography integrated on micro–nano devices vertically based on 2D van der Waals (vdW) rare earth (RE) material ErOCl is demonstrated. Ratiometric luminescence intensity varies linearly with temperature deriving from the thermal activation between two thermally coupled levels. Typically, this ratiometric micro–nano thermometer has a wide sensing range (300–700 K), high relative sensitivity (2.2% K−1 at 300 K), and high repeatability. With layered structure and insulated properties, 2D ErOCl can be easily integrated on the target chips vertically without dangling bonds so that a high‐density integration can be easily realized. Therefore, 2D ErOCl is employed for thermography of a designed micro–nano device, showing real‐time, high‐resolution temperature distribution of single device even at electrodes with different morphologies. The feasibility of this temperature sensor is further proved by COMSOL simulation. This novel approach, 2D vdW RE based ratiometric luminescence thermography, provides an excellent platform to the development of high performance eletronics with higher integration.
3D Printed Personalized Nerve Guide Conduits for Precision Repair of Peripheral Nerve Defects
Authors: Liu Kai , Yan Lesan , Li Ruotao , Song Zhiming , Ding Jianxun , Liu Bin , Chen Xuesi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe treatment of peripheral nerve defects has always been one of the most challenging clinical practices in neurosurgery. Currently, nerve autograft is the preferred treatment modality for peripheral nerve defects, while the therapy is constantly plagued by the limited donor, loss of donor function, formation of neuroma, nerve distortion or dislocation, and nerve diameter mismatch. To address these clinical issues, the emerged nerve guide conduits (NGCs) are expected to offer effective platforms to repair peripheral nerve defects, especially those with large or complex topological structures. Up to now, numerous technologies are developed for preparing diverse NGCs, such as solvent casting, gas foaming, phase separation, freeze‐drying, melt molding, electrospinning, and three‐dimensional (3D) printing. 3D printing shows great potential and advantages because it can quickly and accurately manufacture the required NGCs from various natural and synthetic materials. This review introduces the application of personalized 3D printed NGCs for the precision repair of peripheral nerve defects and predicts their future directions.
Oxygen Redox Versus Oxygen Evolution in Aqueous Electrolytes: Critical Influence of Transition Metals
Authors: Umeno Hirohito , Kawai Kosuke , Asakura Daisuke , Okubo Masashi , Yamada Atsuo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAqueous lithium‐ion batteries are promising electrochemical energy storage devices owing to their sustainable nature, low cost, high level of safety, and environmental benignity. The recent development of a high‐salt‐concentration strategy for aqueous electrolytes, which significantly expands their electrochemical potential window, has created attractive opportunities to explore high‐performance electrode materials for aqueous lithium‐ion batteries. This study evaluates the compatibility of large‐capacity oxygen‐redox cathodes with hydrate‐melt electrolytes. Using conventional oxygen‐redox cathode materials (Li2RuO3, Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2, and Li1.2Ni0.2Mn0.6O2), it is determined that avoiding the use of transition metals with high catalytic activity for the oxygen evolution reaction is the key to ensuring the stable progress of the oxygen redox reaction in concentrated aqueous electrolytes.
Electronic Structure and Epitaxy of CdTe Shells on InSb Nanowires
Authors: Badawy Ghada , Zhang Bomin , Rauch Tomáš , Momand Jamo , Koelling Sebastian , Jung Jason , Gazibegovic Sasa , Moutanabbir Oussama , Kooi Bart J. , Botti Silvana , Verheijen Marcel A. , Frolov Sergey M. , Bakkers Erik P. A. M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIndium antimonide (InSb) nanowires are used as building blocks for quantum devices because of their unique properties, that is, strong spin‐orbit interaction and large Landé g‐factor. Integrating InSb nanowires with other materials could potentially unfold novel devices with distinctive functionality. A prominent example is the combination of InSb nanowires with superconductors for the emerging topological particles research. Here, the combination of the II–VI cadmium telluride (CdTe) with the III–V InSb in the form of core–shell (InSb–CdTe) nanowires is investigated and potential applications based on the electronic structure of the InSb–CdTe interface and the epitaxy of CdTe on the InSb nanowires are explored. The electronic structure of the InSb–CdTe interface using density functional theory is determined and a type‐I band alignment is extracted with a small conduction band offset ( ⩽0.3 eV). These results indicate the potential application of these shells for surface passivation or as tunnel barriers in combination with superconductors. In terms of structural quality, it is demonstrated that the lattice‐matched CdTe can be grown epitaxially on the InSb nanowires without interfacial strain or defects. These shells do not introduce disorder to the InSb nanowires as indicated by the comparable field‐effect mobility measured for both uncapped and CdTe‐capped nanowires.
Bioceramic Scaffolds with Antioxidative Functions for ROS Scavenging and Osteochondral Regeneration
Authors: Deng Cuijun , Zhou Quan , Zhang Meng , Li Tian , Chen Haotian , Xu Chang , Feng Qishuai , Wang Xin , Yin Feng , Cheng Yu , Wu Chengtie 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease that involves excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) and osteochondral defects. Although multiple approaches have been developed for osteochondral regeneration, how to balance the biochemical and physical microenvironment in OA remains a big challenge. In this study, a bioceramic scaffold by 3D printed akermanite (AKT) integrated with hair‐derived antioxidative nanoparticles (HNPs)/microparticles (HMPs) for ROS scavenging and osteochondral regeneration has been developed. The prepared bioscaffold with multi‐mimetic enzyme effects, which can scavenge a broad spectrum of free radicals in OA, can protect chondrocytes under the ROS microenvironment. Importantly, the bioscaffold can distinctly stimulate the proliferation and maturation of chondrocytes due to the stimulation of the glucose transporter pathway (GLUT) via HNPs/HMPs. Furthermore, it significantly accelerated osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). In vivo results showed that the bioscaffold can effectively enhance the osteochondral regeneration compared to the unmodified scaffold. The work shows that integration of antioxidant and mechanical properties via the bioscaffold is a promising strategy for osteochondral regeneration in OA treatment.
Thermally Stable Organic Field‐Effect Transistors Based on Asymmetric BTBT Derivatives for High Performance Solar‐Blind Photodetectors
Authors: Dong Yicai , Sun Yanan , Liu Jie , Shi Xiaosong , Li Haiyang , Zhang Jing , Li Chunlei , Yi Yuanping , Mo Song , Fan Lin , Jiang Lang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHigh‐performance solar‐blind photodetectors are widely studied due to their unique significance in military and industrial applications. Yet the rational molecular design for materials to possess strong absorption in solar‐blind region is rarely addressed. Here, an organic solar‐blind photodetector is reported by designing a novel asymmetric molecule integrated strong solar‐blind absorption with high charge transport property. Such alkyl substituted [1]benzothieno[3,2‐b][1]‐benzothiophene (BTBT) derivatives Cn‐BTBTN (n = 6, 8, and 10) can be easily assembled into 2D molecular crystals and perform high mobility up to 3.28 cm2 V−1s−1, which is two orders of magnitude higher than the non‐substituted core BTBTN. Cn‐BTBTNs also exhibit dramatically higher thermal stability than the symmetric alkyl substituted C8‐BTBT. Moreover, C10‐BTBTN films with the highest mobility and strongest solar‐blind absorption among the Cn‐BTBTNs are applied for solar‐blind photodetectors, which reveal record‐high photosensitivity and detectivity up to 1.60 × 107 and 7.70 × 1014 Jones. Photodetector arrays and flexible devices are also successfully fabricated. The design strategy can provide guidelines for developing materials featuring high thermal stability and stimulating such materials in solar‐blind photodetector application.
Room‐Temperature Non‐Local Spin Transport in Few‐Layer Black Phosphorus Passivated with MgO
Authors: Li Chexin , Xu Xiaoguang , Ma Yingli , Zhao Bing , Zhang Tanzhao , Wang Le , Wu Yong , Meng Kangkang , Chen Jikun , Jiang Yong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBlack phosphorus (BP), a new member of 2D materials, is an ideal selection to construct spin‐based devices due to its tunable direct bandgap and high carrier mobility. Assembling van der Waals heterostructures is the most popular method to create spintronic devices for 2D materials, especially for the easily oxidized BP. However, it is too complicated to be realized for fabricating large‐scale integrated circuits in practical applications. To overcome this flaw, an oxide layer on BP simultaneously serving as the protection layer and barrier to fabricate a Co/MgO/BP‐based non‐local spin valve is employed. The non‐local spin signals demonstrate the diffusion of pure spin current in the BP channel, which is the direct evidence of the spin injection from Co into BP. Combining the Hanle precession measurements with the Bloch equation fitting, the spin transport parameters of the few‐layer BP can be extracted. The spin diffusion length λs and spin relaxation time τs are 6.15 µm and 241.7 ps, respectively. Therefore, the MgO layer in the non‐local spin valve can simplify the fabrication of 2D material‐based spintronic devices and accelerate their applications.
Defect Engineering for High Performance and Extremely Reliable a‐IGZO Thin‐Film Transistor in QD‐OLED
Authors: Park Young‐Gil , Cho Dong Yeon , Kim Ran , Kim Kang Hyun , Lee Ju Won , Lee Doo Hyoung , Jeong Soo Im , Ahn Na Ri , Lee Woo‐Geun , Choi Jae Beom , Kim Min Jung , Kim Donghyun , Jin Seunghee , Park Dong Geun , Kim Jungchun , Choi Saeyan , Bang Seain , Lee Jae Woo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAn amorphous indium‐gallium‐zinc‐oxide (a‐IGZO) thin‐film transistor (TFT), which exhibits the best electrical stability (PBTS ≤ 0.009 V), is implemented to create quantum‐dot organic light‐emitting diode product. Electrical stability has been explained through various mechanisms involving defects related to oxygen and hydrogen. The defects of a‐IGZO are identified and the parameters of the deposition process are utilized to obtain Vo+ and VZn− values of 1.7 × 1017 and 2.4 × 1018 spins cm−3, respectively, which are quantified using electron spin resonance for the first time. The defects of the gate insulator (GI) in the upper and lower parts of the a‐IGZO TFT and the oxygen and hydrogen inflow/diffusion generated during the process are also controlled. From well‐controlled a‐IGZO and GI, the defect density at the top‐channel interface and near‐interface of the a‐IGZO TFT is reduced by 85% and 70%, respectively. The defects in the bottom‐channel are also reduced by 83% and 75% for the interface and near‐interface, respectively. Electrical stability is secured by controlling Vo+ and VZn− and reducing sub‐gap trap density among interface defects that are not directly observed until now. In this paper, it is reported that the best a‐IGZO TFT performance is achieved through defect engineering.
Platinum(II)‐Acetylide Conjugated Polymer Containing Aza‐BODIPY Moieties for Panchromatic Photodetectors
Authors: Yu Bo , Deng Yongjing , Luo Zhongzhong , Wang Mengzhu , Zhuang Yanling , Chen Xi , Liu Shujuan , Zhao Qiang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBroadband photodetectors have driven the development of optical communication, image sensing, and health monitoring technologies, yet confronting a challenge in acquiring high performance in the whole spectral range. Herein, a novel low‐bandgap platinum(II)‐acetylide conjugated polymer is designed and synthesized by introducing near‐infrared‐absorbing aza‐BODIPY moieties. Benefiting from the good solubility and extended conjugated systems, it can serve as the donor materials for photodetector. By blending with (6,6)‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester, organic bulk heterojunction photodetectors are successfully constructed, exhibiting a high detectivity over 1011 Jones in a broad band of 330–930 nm. Especially, the photodetector exhibits external quantum efficiency mostly beyond 15% in the NIR region. This work opens a new possibility for high‐performance organic broadband photodetector application.
Smart Bandage with Inductor‐Capacitor Resonant Tank Based Printed Wireless Pressure Sensor on Electrospun Poly‐L‐Lactide Nanofibers
Authors: Nikbakhtnasrabadi Fatemeh , Hosseini Ensieh S. , Dervin Saoirse , Shakthivel Dhayalan , Dahiya Ravinder 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEasy to use multifunctional wearable devices, with no wires hanging around, are needed for real time health monitoring at user's comfort. Herein, an inductor‐capacitor (LC) resonant tank‐based wireless pressure sensor, screen‐printed on an electrospun Poly‐L‐lactide (PLLA) nanofibers‐based flexible, biocompatible, and piezoelectric substrate is presented. The printed resonant tank (resonant frequency of ≈13.56 MHz) consists of a planar inductor connected in parallel with an interdigitated capacitor. The capacitance, of the interdigitated capacitor present on the piezoelectric substrate varies in response to applied pressure. As a result, the resonant frequency changes and the LC tank works as a wireless pressure sensor. The sensor exhibited high sensitivity 0.035 kP−1 and 1200 Hz kPa−1 in wireless operation with excellent durability (over 1800 cycles). The sensitivity is the highest (1.75‐fold higher) among printed wireless pressure sensors reported so far. Finally, the presented LC tank‐based pressure sensor is integrated on a compression bandage to demonstrate its potential use in the online monitoring of sub‐bandage pressure. The application of optimum pressure by the bandage, together with the electroceutical arrangement facilitated by the piezoelectric PLLA substrate, can accelerate the cell regeneration and hence wound healing.
Operando Radiography and Multimodal Analysis of Lithium–Sulfur Pouch Cells—Electrolyte Dependent Morphology Evolution at the Cathode
Authors: Müller Rafael , Manke Ingo , Hilger André , Kardjilov Nikolay , Boenke Tom , Reuter Florian , Dörfler Susanne , Abendroth Thomas , Härtel Paul , Althues Holger , Kaskel Stefan , Risse Sebastian 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn recent years, the technology readiness level of next‐generation lithium–sulfur (Li/S) batteries has shifted from coin cell to pouch cell dimensions. Promising optimizations of the electrodes, electrolytes, active materials, and additives lead to improved performance and cycling stability. However, new challenges arise with the pouch cell design and engineering (including electrode stacking and electrolyte filling), which influence the mechanistic processes of the cell. This study presents an unprecedented multimodal operando investigation of Li/S batteries on a pouch cell level and provides an inside view of material transformations during battery cycling, using X‐ray radiography, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and spatially resolved temperature monitoring. With the comparison of two different electrolytes, new experimental details about sulfur and lithium sulfide deposition and dissolution processes are revealed and related to electrolyte and temperature distribution. Operando impedance measurements on monolayer pouch cells yield a clear correlation of electrochemical and macroscopic radiographic observations. Understanding the monolayer cells’ behavior represents an optimal foundation for further studies on multilayer pouch cell prototypes and demonstrators with the developed operando setup. Herein the proof of principle for correlated measurement methods on pouch cell level is shown, and the experimental proof of concept for sulfur crystal suppression in sparingly solvating electrolyte is visualized.
Multi‐Parameter Optimized Triboelectric Nanogenerator Based Self‐Powered Sensor Network for Broadband Aeolian Vibration Online‐Monitoring of Transmission Lines
Authors: Wu Han , Wang Jiyu , Wu Zhiyi , Kang Shenglin , Wei Xuelian , Wang Hanqing , Luo Hao , Yang Lijun , Liao Ruijin , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOverhead transmission lines are vulnerable to aeolian vibrations that threaten the operation of the power grid. A triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) based self‐powered system offers a desirable way for vibration online‐monitoring with potential for large‐scale deployment. In this work, a self‐powered sensor network constructed by active vibration sensor (AVS) units with a spring‐mass based TENG (S‐TENG) is reported for effective energy harvesting and broadband vibration sensing. The basic TENG with structural parameters is first discussed from the aspects of efficiency and response characteristics, then the spring constant and mass weight are also adjusted for S‐TENGs with different optimal operation regions, thus the overall vibration amplitude and frequency response are further enhanced by the mutual compensation of S‐TENGs with a weight allocation strategy. Furthermore, the S‐TENGs are combined with external circuits to compose the AVS units, which are deployed in a distributed manner on a simulated transmission line to demonstrate a self‐powered wireless warning system and an aeolian vibration mapping system, enabling abnormal vibration warnings and vibration distribution monitoring over the whole line. This work represents a novel strategy for utilizing TENG technology for transmission line aeolian vibration monitoring and provides valuable guidance for further sensor network construction and power grid visualization.