bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stigma and healthcare access among transgender and gender‐diverse people: A qualitative meta‐synthesis
Authors: Velasco Roque Anthony F. , Slusser Kim , Coats Heather 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimTo describe the experience of stigma among transgender and gender‐diverse (TGD) people accessing care.DesignA qualitative meta‐synthesis.Data SourcesCINAHL, Medline, PubMed and PsycINFO were used to retrieve English‐language, peer‐reviewed qualitative studies from September 2016 to September 2021.Review MethodsThe methods for this qualitative meta‐synthesis included four steps. Step 1: Form the clinical question and purpose of synthesis to define and refine search terms. Step 2: Evaluate the literature using PRISMA. Step 3: Appraise the literature using Lett’s Critical Review Form. Step 4: Conduct a reciprocal translation to synthesize the results.ResultsOf the 12 articles that met the inclusion criteria, 3 were from nursing journals. The articles included were studies conducted in U.S.A., Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Mozambique, Sweden, Uganda and United Kingdom, and most recruited transfeminine‐identifying participants. Three main themes emerged: stigma experienced within the individual, interpersonal and structural socio‐ecological levels among TGD people accessing care.ConclusionStigma is a significant public health issue as it limits healthcare access among TGD people. Stigma experienced at various socio‐ecological levels contributes to health disparities. Nurses must create and implement interventions informed by the lived experiences of TGD people.ImpactExtant literature on this topic is limited in the nursing literature. This qualitative meta‐synthesis illuminates TGD identity stigma‐related experiences using a socio‐ecological framework. While stigma is often experienced at the individual and interpersonal levels, oppressive systems that value cisgender cultural norms over other gender identities allow structural‐level stigma to occur. Nurses are morally, ethically and professionally responsible for challenging systems that create and sustain stigma. Understanding how stigma is experienced when accessing care can help deliver critical information needed to improve healthcare access among TGD people and other historically oppressed communities.
Exploring the association of staff characteristics with staff perceptions of quality of life of individuals with intellectual disabilities and challenging behaviours
Authors: Bruinsma Eke , van den Hoofdakker Barbara J. , Hoekstra Pieter J. , de Kuijper Gerda M. , de Bildt Annelies A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to examine the associations between individual staff and staff team characteristics and quality of life of individuals with intellectual disabilities and challenging behaviours.MethodWith multilevel analyses, we examined educational level, experience, attitudes and behaviours of 240 staff members, in relation to their perception of quality of life of 152 individuals with intellectual disabilities and challenging behaviours they cared for.ResultsTwo individual staff characteristics were related to better quality of life: higher educational and self‐reflection levels. Of the team characteristics, higher educational level, higher self‐efficacy and more friendly behaviour were associated with better quality of life. Unexpectedly, higher staff‐individual ratio was related to lower quality of life.ConclusionsBoth individual staff and staff team characteristics are associated with quality of life, indicating the need to take staff team characteristics into account when examining quality of life.
The impact of continuous positive airway pressure on cardiac mechanics: Findings from a meta‐analysis of echocardiographic studies
Authors: Tadic Marijana , Gherbesi Elisa , Faggiano Andrea , Sala Carla , Carugo Stefano , Cuspidi Cesare 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCurrent evidence on the effects of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on cardiac mechanics in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is based on a few single studies. The authors investigated this topic through a meta‐analysis of speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) studies that provided data on left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) mechanics as assessed by global longitudinal strain (GLS). The PubMed, OVID‐MEDLINE, and Cochrane library databases were systematically analyzed to search English‐language review papers published from inception to January 31, 2022. Studies were identified by crossing the following terms: “obstructive sleep apnea”, “sleep quality”, “sleep disordered breathing”, “continuous positive airway pressure therapy”, “noninvasive ventilation”, “left ventricular hypertrophy”, “systolic dysfunction”, “global longitudinal strain”, “left ventricular mechanics”, “right ventricular mechanics”, “echocardiography” and “STE echocardiography”. The meta‐analysis, including a total of 337 patients with OSA from nine studies (follow‐up 2–24 months) showed a significant GLS improvement in both LV and RV after CPAP, standard mean difference (SMD) being 0.51±0.08, CI:0.36–0.66, p = .0001 and 0.28±0.07, CI:0.15–0.42, p = .0001), respectively. Corresponding SMD values for LV ejection fraction (LVEF) and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) were 0.20±0.06, CI:0.08–0.33, p = .001 and 0.08±0.06, CI: ‐0.04/0.20, p = .21. Our meta‐analysis suggests that: I) CPAP treatment exerts beneficial effects on biventricular function in patients with OSA; II) the assessment of cardiac mechanics by STE should be routinely recommended for monitoring cardiac function in this setting, due to limitations of conventional echocardiography in evaluating biventricular performance.
Self‐completed online dietary recalls as an alternative method of dietary assessment for dietetic outpatient appointments: A feasibility study
Authors: Gianfrancesco Carla , Taylor Carolyn , Croot Liz 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundIntegrating digital dietary assessment within dietetic care could save time and reduce costs, at the same time as increasing patient engagement. The present study explores the feasibility of implementing a web‐based dietary assessment tool, myfood24 (https://www.myfood24.org), into routine healthcare.MethodsThis mixed methods feasibility study recruited dietitians and patients from a National Health Service (NHS) hospital outpatient setting. Patients completed and shared three online 24‐h dietary recalls in advance, which were used as a dietary assessment by dietitians. Recruitment data were collected and questionnaires on technology, usability, and acceptability were completed. Patient interviews and focus groups with dietitians were conducted.ResultsEleven dietitians working in allergy, bariatrics, diabetes, oncology, general, renal, infectious diseases, and coeliac services took part with 39 patients. Recruitment rates were highest in bariatrics and lowest in renal and oncology.Compared to other studies, completion rates were good, with 29 (74.4%) completing three recalls despite lower technology readiness and software usability scores than in similar studies. Illness and difficulty with technology were reasons for non‐completion. Opportunity to receive nutritional feedback from the tool and share this with a dietitian motivated patients to complete the record accurately. Consultation times were shortened in approximately one‐third of appointments and a higher proportion of time was spent on nutritional education compared to usual practice. However, mean preparation time increased by 13 min per appointment because dietitians found nutritional analysis reports difficult to interpret.ConclusionsIt is feasible to introduce a digital dietary assessment tool into NHS dietetic practice. However, further development is needed to ensure that the tool is suitable for healthcare.
The link between task‐focused care and care beyond technique: A meta‐ethnography about the emotional labour in nursing care
Authors: Fernández‐Basanta Sara , Lois‐Sandá Lía , Movilla‐Fernández María‐Jesús 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo synthesise the available body of qualitative work regarding the experiences of registered nurses and nursing students in managing emotional demands of care.BackgroundCare is the central part of nursing, and its provision is linked to interaction with patients. Comprehensive care allows emotions to be considered as an essential part of care. However, the emotional commitment that care demands poses a challenge for the nursing staff.DesignNoblit and Hare's interpretive meta‐ethnography, which was written and reviewed for reporting clarity using the eMERGe.MethodsA comprehensive systematic search strategy was undertaken in PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science and PsycINFO in January 2020. The search included terms related to the sample population, phenomenon of interest, purpose of the study and type of research. Original or mixed qualitative articles in English, Spanish and Portuguese were included if they addressed the emotional labour experiences of nurses or nursing students.ResultsA line‐of‐argument synthesis based on the metaphor The link between task‐focused care and care beyond technique was developed. Three themes from analogous and refutational translations of findings in the included nine papers emerged: (1) forces to get involved in care; (2) the cost of caring and (3) need to vent.ConclusionNursing staff and students managed the emotional demands by adjusting their involvement in care. Care beyond technique is provided by nurses who have strength and motivation in themselves and in the interaction with patients to become emotionally involved in care. Task‐focused care avoids emotional exposure to patient suffering due to the personal cost involved. Venting and distancing are required to emotionally reconstruct themselves and to re‐engage in care.Relevance to clinical practiceIncreased knowledge about these experiences may raise awareness of the emotional demands as part of the care process, to prevent their impact and favour their support.
Correlations among lean tissue index, physical activity, clinical parameters, diet quality, and nutritional status in patients receiving haemodialyses
Authors: Hsiao Ya‐Hsin , Chang Chia‐Hao , Hung Peir‐Haur , Huang Tsuey‐Yuan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionPoor diet quality and malnutrition accelerate protein and energy depletion. This can result in a diminished lean tissue index (LTI) and an inability to perform daily activities, both of which increase the risk of falls and affect the quality of life.ObjectiveThis study investigated the correlations among LTI, physical activity (PA), clinical parameters, diet quality, and nutritional status.MethodsA cross‐sectional study design was employed. Participants in stable conditions receiving haemodialyses were enroled. LTI was measured using a body composition monitor. Three‐day dietary records and demographic and clinical parameters were collected.ResultsIn total, 104 patients receiving haemodialyses were recruited (53.8% men, aged 57.7 ± 11.78 years; dialysis duration, 7.3 ± 6.04 years). LTI was not associated with diet quality; LTI was positively correlated with sex and negatively correlated with age, dialysis duration, and fat tissue index (FTI); and lean tissue index was positively correlated with PA. Among patients with a normal LTI, the odds ratio for low‐FTI was 31.04 times higher than that for high‐FTI. In total, 80.8% of the participants had poor diet quality, which was mainly attributed to their excessive intake of saturated fatty acids and insufficient fruit intake.ConclusionsAlthough diet quality was unrelated to the LTI, the results indicated that most patients receiving haemodialyses had poor diet quality. Therefore, this topic merits further investigation.
The intertwined evolution of sexual harassment victimization and emotional problems among young people
Authors: Skoog Therése , Kapetanovic Sabina 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAssociations between sexual‐harassment victimization and emotional problems are well‐established. Still, the nature of this association, including the temporal order of the construct as well as whether it plays out on the between‐ or within‐individual level is far from being understood. The aim of this study was to examine reciprocal links between sexual harassment victimization and emotional problems over time in early and mid‐adolescence by separating between‐individual from within‐individual effects and by testing the moderating effect of ethnicity and gender. In the study, we made use of three waves of data with 1515 Swedish adolescents (50.6% girls, age 12.59 years at T1). Cross‐lagged within‐individual analyses showed that sexual harassment and emotional problems were related in a transactional manner. Gender, but not ethnicity, moderated the associations. The associations differed in early and mid‐adolescence, perhaps because of normative school transitions. The findings have high theoretical value as it is on the within‐individual level that the causal processes between being sexually harassed and experiencing emotional problems unfold. The study makes a unique contribution to the literature on sexual harassment and mental health among young people by revealing transactional associations on the within‐individual level during a critical period for psychological and sexual development.
Investigation of single‐nucleotide polymorphisms in the NR3C1a glucocorticoid receptor gene in Cocker Spaniels with primary immune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Tayler Sarah , Hazuchova Katarina , Riddle Anna , Swann James W. , Glanemann Barbara 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn dogs, 6 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been described in the glucocorticoid receptor gene NR3C1a, 2 of which were nonsynonymous SNPs in exons 2 and 8. The clinical importance of these SNPs is unknown.ObjectivesTo investigate whether SNPs in NR3C1a are associated with clinical outcome in Cocker Spaniels with primary immune thrombocytopenia (pITP).AnimalsTwenty‐four Cocker Spaniels with pITP presented to a referral center. Dogs were classified as slow (n = 11) or fast responders (n = 12) based on time required after initiating glucocorticoid treatment to achieve a platelet count >70 000/μL.MethodsDeoxyribonucleic acid was extracted from stored blood samples before amplification by PCR and sequencing of exons 2 and 8 of NR3C1a. Associations between genotype and clinical response variables were investigated.ResultsNeither previously identified nonsynonymous SNPs were identified. The synonymous SNP NR3C1a:c.798C>T in exon 2 was found at an increased prevalence compared to a previous report. No difference was found in prevalence of any genotype at NR3C1a:c.798C>T between fast and slow responders (P = .70).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceNone of the previously reported nonsynonymous SNPs in exons 2 and 8 of the NR3C1a gene were detected in our cohort of Cocker Spaniels with pITP. The synonymous SNP NR3C1a:c.798C>T in exon 2 was reported at a higher frequency than previously, but was not associated with outcome measures that estimated responsiveness to glucocorticoids.
Single-step antibiotic-mediated synthesis of kanamycin-conjugated gold nanoparticles for broad-spectrum antibacterial applications
Authors: Patil T. , Khot V. , Pandey-Tiwari A. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Widespread and irrational use of antibiotics results in the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Thus, there is a need to develop novel antibacterial agents in order to replace conventional antibiotics and to increase the efficacy of already existing antibiotics by combining them with other materials. Herein, a single-step antibiotic-mediated synthesis of antibiotic-conjugated gold nanoparticles is reported. In this single-step method antibiotic Kanamycin, an aminoglycoside itself plays the role of reducing as well as capping agent by reducing gold salt into gold nanoparticles. The kanamycin-conjugated gold nanoparticles (Kan-AuNPs) were confirmed by UV–Visible spectroscopy and further physico-chemically characterized by various instrumental techniques. Synthesized Kan-AuNPs showed broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus as well as Gram-negative Escherichia coli bacterial strains. They are also found to be effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and pathogenic E. coli isolated from urinary tract infections (UTIs) patients, which are responsible to cause hospital-acquired infections like nosocomial, burn wound and UTIs. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Kan-AuNPs is 50 μg ml−1 for S. aureus and E. coli, 125 μg ml−1 for P. aeruginosa and 100 μg ml−1 for E. coli isolated from UTIs patients. It is also evident that the MIC of Kan-AuNPs for antibacterial activity is lower as compared to antibiotic kanamycin alone for all bacterial strains. Hence, the one-step strategy of synthesis for Kan-AuNPs is a suitable strategy for fighting infectious bacterial strains in hospitals, healthcare and the pharmaceutical industry.
Prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhang Yujie , Gao Xinbao , He Zhiyi , Jia Hui , Chen Min , Wang Xuan , Hong Liu , Cui Yuanyuan , Wan Jian 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackground and AimPrevious studies have established an association between primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis (UC). The disease burden of IBD in PSC patients was not well estimated. The study aimed to quantify the pooled prevalence of IBD in PSC and to investigate whether subtypes of PSC and sex influence the prevalence of IBD.MethodsPubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched through November 2021 for studies reporting data on IBD among PSC patients. The outcomes were the prevalence of IBD in patients with PSC, as well as the association (odds ratio [OR]) of IBD in PSC according to subtype and sex.ResultsBased on the analysis of 25 studies, the prevalence of IBD in patients with PSC was 71.1% (95% CI 68.2–75.1%), most commonly in UC (55.9%, 95% CI 52.5–59.3%). The pooled prevalence of IBD was 76.9% in Australia (95% CI 71.2–82.6%, 1 study), 75.9% (95% CI 69.5–82.3%, 4 studies) in North America, 70.9% (95% CI 65.8–76.0%, 17 studies) in Europe and 67.0% (95% CI 57.9–76.0%, 2 studies) in Asia. Male PSC patients had a higher prevalence of IBD (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.52–1.83) and UC (OR 2.02, 95% CI 1.56–2.63) and a lower prevalence of CD (OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.67–0.88) than female patients. Large duct PSC patients had a higher prevalence of IBD (OR 2.57, 95% CI 2.03–3.25) and UC (OR 4.51, 95% CI 1.22–16.71) than small duct PSC patients.ConclusionsThe study provided the first pooled estimates of the burden of IBD in patients with PSC and could be used as the basis for risk stratification of PSC patients.
The effects of target density, porosity, and friction on impact crater morphometry: Exploratory experimentation using various granular materials
Authors: Cline Christopher J. , Cintala Mark J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe dimensions of relatively small‐scale impact craters are undoubtedly sensitive to the physical properties of the target. Studying gravity‐controlled crater formation at the laboratory scale often relies on cohesionless, granular materials, which, by their nature, make it difficult to separate the individual contributions to this process from all of the relevant target properties. Here, we conduct a suite of impact experiments to isolate and evaluate the effects of density, porosity, and internal friction on impact crater morphometry. Each made from one of four different granular materials, targets were impacted vertically with 4.76 mm aluminum projectiles at an average speed of ~1.55 km s−1. Two different methods were used to load these materials into the target bucket (pouring and sieving), resulting in targets that varied in bulk density and internal friction. The experimental results indicate that depth–diameter ratios of the craters are largely influenced by the loading method of the target material and are sensitive to the friction and porosity of the targets. Sieved targets (relatively higher density, lower porosity, and higher friction angle) produce craters that are markedly shallower, have notably smaller volumes, and exhibit a flat‐floored morphology, with some possessing small central mounds. Flat‐floored craters are typically attributed to a strength‐layered target; in these experiments, however, they were produced in cohesionless targets. This study demonstrates that a flat floor is not necessarily diagnostic of strength layering in a target and, in some instances, might be the consequence of greater shear strengths in granular materials with high coefficients of static friction.
Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato infection of tomato plants is mediated by GABA and l‐Pro chemoperception
Authors: Santamaría‐Hernando Saray , López‐Maroto Álvaro , Galvez‐Roldán Clara , Munar‐Palmer Martí , Monteagudo‐Cascales Elizabet , Rodríguez‐Herva José‐Juan , Krell Tino , López‐Solanilla Emilia 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFoliar bacterial pathogens have to penetrate the plant tissue and access the interior of the apoplast in order to initiate the pathogenic phase. The entry process is driven by chemotaxis towards plant‐derived compounds in order to locate plant openings. However, information on plant signals recognized by bacterial chemoreceptors is scarce. Here, we show that the perception of GABA and l‐Pro, two abundant components of the tomato apoplast, through the PsPto‐PscC chemoreceptor drives the entry of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato into the tomato apoplast. The recognition of both compounds by PsPto‐PscC caused chemoattraction to both amino acids and participated in the regulation of GABA catabolism. Mutation of the PsPto‐PscC chemoreceptor caused a reduced chemotactic response towards these compounds which in turn impaired entry and reduced virulence in tomato plants. Interestingly, GABA and l‐Pro levels significantly increase in tomato plants upon pathogen infection and are involved in the regulation of the plant defence response. This is an example illustrating how bacteria respond to plant signals produced during the interaction as cues to access the plant apoplast and to ensure efficient infection.
In vitro activity of 23 antifungal drugs against 54 clinical and environmental Aspergillus oryzae isolates
Authors: Abastabar Mahdi , Zaedi Arezoo , Shabanzadeh Shafigheh , Nosratabadi Mohsen , Moazeni Maryam , Aghili Seyed Reza , Haghani Iman , Khojasteh Shaghayegh , Javidnia Javad , Nargesi Sanaz , Shokohi Tahereh , Hedayati Mohammad Taghi , Meis Jacques F. , Badali Hamid 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe treatment of invasive aspergillosis caused by cryptic species remains a challenge due to the lack of randomised clinical trials and investigation of the efficacy and safety of different therapeutic strategies. We aimed to evaluate the in vitro activity of 23 conventional and new antifungal drugs against 54 clinical and environmental Aspergillus oryzae isolates by using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) standard M38‐A3. The lowest geometric mean MIC values were found for luliconazole and lanoconazole (0.001 μg/ml), followed by anidulafungin (0.104 μg/ml), posaconazole (0.15 μg/ml), itraconazole (0.37 μg/ml), efinaconazole (0.5 μg/ml), voriconazole (0.51 μg/ml), tavaborole (0.72 μg/ml), and amphotericin B (0.79 μg/ml). In contrast, ketoconazole, terbinafine, econazole, tioconazole, ravuconazole, miconazole, nystatin, clotrimazole, griseofulvin, sertaconazole, natamycin, tolnaftate, and fluconazole had no or low activity. Further studies are required to determine how well this in vitro activity translates into in vivo efficacy.