bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Relationship between Waldorf Pedagogy and Information and Communication Technologies in Hungary
Authors: Turós Mátyás 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Introduction: The number of two-to three-year-old children using mobile phones was 10% in 2013 compared to 40% in 2017 (Konok, Bunford, & Miklósi, 2020). Several theoretical and empirical studies deal with the didactics of using modern technology in the classroom. Most studies highlight the neutral (Zsolnai, 2017) or positive impact of using ICT in the classroom. Only a few address the negative effects of digitally enhanced learning (Dávila, Casabayó, & Rayburn, 2018; Livingstone, 2012; Lorenzo & Trujillo, 2018). State education has continually tried to integrate modern technology with education, but there are also examples of institutional restrictions on its use and even a total ban can also be found.

Purpose: This study provides an overview of the pedagogical and epistemological reasons why Waldorf pedagogy and Waldorf Steiner schools take a critical approach to the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) and to “screens” in general, together with mapping out the current state of Waldorf schools in Hungary.

Methods: In the present study, we applied source analysis as a traditional research method in the philosophy of education.

Conclusions: The findings show that the institutional use of information and communication technologies entirely contradicts the basis, tasks and spirit of Waldorf pedagogy. If we look at the epistemology and anthroposophical anthropology of Waldorf pedagogy, we can see that the autonomy of a Waldorf teacher is not limitless, and so a continuous practical and theoretical responsibility of the Waldorf movement and Waldorf teachers is to establish and uphold coherence between the practices of every Waldorf institution and Waldorf pedagogy.
Suborbital Vehicles to Study Transition Adaptation to Spaceflight – Why Biologists Should Care About the New Suborbital Flight Opportunities
Authors: Ferl Robert J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The advent of the new generation of suborbital space vehicles is opening up a new and exciting realm of space science that should be of great interest to biologists. These vehicles make it possible to explore biological responses and adaptations that occur in the first few minutes of entering spaceflight and also in the first few minutes after return from space. Historically these transition stages in spaceflight have simply not been available for research, especially within human-rated vehicles. Given that complex biological responses are seldom linear over time, and that essentially all current experiments on the International Space Station (ISS) are conducted after stabilization on orbit, biologists are missing the chance to understand the pathways that lead from terrestrial existence to successful spaceflight adaptation and back. Studies conducted on suborbital spacecraft can therefore be an innovative approach to filling a substantial gap in knowledge regarding the temporal dynamics of biological responses to successful spaceflight physiological adaptation.
Dirofilaria repens in dogs and humans in Slovenia
Authors: Kotnik Tina , Rataj Aleksandra Vergles , Šoba Barbara 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Introduction
The prevalence of Dirofilaria repens in dogs in countries bordering Slovenia ranges from 1.5% to 47.3%. The aim of this study was to estimate its prevalence in Slovenian dogs and to present the cases of dirofilariasis diagnosed in humans from 2010 to 2020.

Material and Methods
Epidemiological data were collected and blood samples were taken from 465 dogs older than one year and born in Slovenia. A real-time PCR was performed on all samples to detect filarioid DNA, and a D. repens-and D. immitis-specific real-time PCR was performed on positive samples. Blood samples from 446 dogs were tested for Dirofilaria spp. using a modified Knott’s test. Human cases were diagnosed from histological sections of excised subcutaneous nodules. Descriptive statistics were used to characterise the samples. The one-sample nonparametric chi-squared test was used to assess whether categories of a variable were equally distributed.

Results
Three dogs’ samples tested positive for D. repens using the species-specific real-time PCR, while D. immitis DNA was not detected. The modified Knott’s test was positive in two of the three PCR-positive dogs, two of which had never travelled outside Slovenia’s borders. Four human patients with D. repens dirofilariasis were diagnosed. Since their travel history was unknown, autochthonous transmission could not be confirmed.

Conclusion
Our study demonstrated a 0.64% prevalence of D. repens infection in dogs in Slovenia. Two cases could be autochthonous.
Sizing and Simulation for Optimization of a Ventilation Installation Using Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Toma Petrică Daniel 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this article we present the way how to create a program in the Scilab-Xcos environment with which it can be dimensioned, mathematically modeled and simulated a ventilation installation using artificial intelligence for its implementation.
The mathematical equations implemented in the program with which the dimensioning and simulation are done are presented.
A neuro-fuzzy system was used to generate the fan characteristics.
Comprehensive Analysis of Privacy Leakage in Vertical Federated Learning During Prediction
Authors: Jiang Xue , Zhou Xuebing , Grossklags Jens 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Vertical federated learning (VFL), a variant of federated learning, has recently attracted increasing attention. An active party having the true labels jointly trains a model with other parties (referred to as passive parties) in order to use more features to achieve higher model accuracy. During the prediction phase, all the parties collaboratively compute the predicted confidence scores of each target record and the results will be finally returned to the active party. However, a recent study by Luo et al. [28] pointed out that the active party can use these confidence scores to reconstruct passive-party features and cause severe privacy leakage.
In this paper, we conduct a comprehensive analysis of privacy leakage in VFL frameworks during the prediction phase. Our study improves on previous work [28] regarding two aspects. We first design a general gradient-based reconstruction attack framework that can be flexibly applied to simple logistic regression models as well as multi-layer neural networks. Moreover, besides performing the attack under the white-box setting, we give the first attempt to conduct the attack under the black-box setting. Extensive experiments on a number of real-world datasets show that our proposed attack is effective under different settings and can achieve at best twice or thrice of a reduction of attack error compared to previous work [28]. We further analyze a list of potential mitigation approaches and compare their privacy-utility performances. Experimental results demonstrate that privacy leakage from the confidence scores is a substantial privacy risk in VFL frameworks during the prediction phase, which cannot be simply solved by crypto-based confidentiality approaches. On the other hand, processing the confidence scores with information compression and randomization approaches can provide strengthened privacy protection.
Efficient Set Membership Proofs using MPC-in-the-Head
Authors: Goel Aarushi , Green Matthew , Hall-Andersen Mathias , Kaptchuk Gabriel 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Set membership proofs are an invaluable part of privacy preserving systems. These proofs allow a prover to demonstrate knowledge of a witness w corresponding to a secret element x of a public set, such that they jointly satisfy a given NP relation, i.e. ℛ(w, x) = 1 and x is a member of a public set {x
1, . . . , x𝓁}. This allows the identity of the prover to remain hidden, eg. ring signatures and confidential transactions in cryptocurrencies.
In this work, we develop a new technique for efficiently adding logarithmic-sized set membership proofs to any MPC-in-the-head based zero-knowledge protocol (Ishai et al. [STOC’07]). We integrate our technique into an open source implementation of the state-of-the-art, post quantum secure zero-knowledge protocol of Katz et al. [CCS’18].We find that using our techniques to construct ring signatures results in signatures (based only on symmetric key primitives) that are between 5 and 10 times smaller than state-of-the-art techniques based on the same assumptions. We also show that our techniques can be used to efficiently construct post-quantum secure RingCT from only symmetric key primitives.
How to prove any NP statement jointly? Efficient Distributed-prover Zero-Knowledge Protocols
Authors: Dayama Pankaj , Patra Arpita , Paul Protik , Singh Nitin , Vinayagamurthy Dhinakaran 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTraditional zero-knowledge protocols have been studied and optimized for the setting where a single prover holds the complete witness and tries to convince a verifier about a predicate on the witness, without revealing any additional information to the verifier. In this work, we study the notion of distributed-prover zero knowledge (DPZK) for arbitrary predicates where the witness is shared among multiple mutually distrusting provers and they want to convince a verifier that their shares together satisfy the predicate. We make the following contributions to the notion of distributed proof generation: (i) we propose a new MPC-style security definition to capture the adversarial settings possible for different collusion models between the provers and the verifier, (ii) we discuss new efficiency parameters for distributed proof generation such as the number of rounds of interaction and the amount of communication among the provers, and (iii) we propose a compiler that realizes distributed proof generation from the zero-knowledge protocols in the Interactive Oracle Proofs (IOP) paradigm. Our compiler can be used to obtain DPZK from arbitrary IOP protocols, but the concrete efficiency overheads are substantial in general. To this end, we contribute (iv) a new zero-knowledge IOP Graphene which can be compiled into an efficient DPZK protocol. The (D + 1)-DPZK protocol D-Graphene, with D provers and one verifier, admitsO(N1/c) proof size with a communication complexity ofO(D2·(N1−2/c+Ns)), whereNis the number of gates in the arithmetic circuit representing the predicate andNsis the number of wires that depends on inputs from two or more parties. Significantly, only the distributed proof generation in D-Graphene requires interaction among the provers. D-Graphene compares favourably with the DPZK protocols obtained from the state-of-art zero-knowledge protocols, even those not modelled as IOPs.
Visualizing Privacy-Utility Trade-Offs in Differentially Private Data Releases
Authors: Nanayakkara Priyanka , Bater Johes , He Xi , Hullman Jessica , Rogers Jennie 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOrganizations often collect private data and release aggregate statistics for the public’s benefit. If no steps toward preserving privacy are taken, adversaries may use released statistics to deduce unauthorized information about the individuals described in the private dataset. Differentially private algorithms address this challenge by slightly perturbing underlying statistics with noise, thereby mathematically limiting the amount of information that may be deduced from each data release. Properly calibrating these algorithms—and in turn the disclosure risk for people described in the dataset—requires a data curator to choose a value for a privacy budget parameter,ɛ. However, there is little formal guidance for choosingɛ, a task that requires reasoning about the probabilistic privacy–utility tradeoff. Furthermore, choosingɛin the context of statistical inference requires reasoning about accuracy trade-offs in the presence of both measurement error and differential privacy (DP) noise.We presentVisualizingPrivacy (ViP), an interactive interface that visualizes relationships betweenɛ, accuracy, and disclosure risk to support setting and splittingɛamong queries. As a user adjustsɛ, ViP dynamically updates visualizations depicting expected accuracy and risk. ViP also has an inference setting, allowing a user to reason about the impact of DP noise on statistical inferences. Finally, we present results of a study where 16 research practitioners with little to no DP background completed a set of tasks related to settingɛusing both ViP and a control. We find that ViP helps participants more correctly answer questions related to judging the probability of where a DP-noised release is likely to fall and comparing between DP-noised and non-private confidence intervals.
Effect of Biodegradable Packaging on the Shelf-Life of Pasteurised Whole Egg Mass
Authors: Kočetkovs Vjaceslavs , Muižniece-Brasava Sandra 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of two types of packaging on the change in quality indicators of pasteurised liquid egg mass. Traditionally, the shelf-life of pasteurised liquid egg mass is up to 28 days. The increase in shelf-life would increase the exportation options of this product. The liquid egg mass was pasteurised on the equipment Ovobel AR56SH; the pasteurisation process continued for 60 minutes, reaching a maximum temperature from 65 °C to 68 °C (hold time: 360 seconds). This paper focuses on two main packaging materials: high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and Tetra Rex® Bio-based. Forty-two samples of each packaging material were used to study the contents. Changes in the quality of samples during storage were estimated by measuring the total bacterial count (CFU/g) from 200 at the start of shelf-life up to 30×105 units (LVS ISO 4833-1:2014). Data in the test was explored with Anova: Single Factor statistical model and correlation method. Data that was obtained emphasises the importance of packaging type, which could provide stable quality of ready-to-use products for a duration of up to forty-five days.
Effect of Pre-Treatment on the Quality of Smoked Baltic Sprats
Authors: Pūķe Santa , Galoburda Ruta , Straumīte Evita 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Baltic sprats (Sprattus sprattus balticus) are a good source of protein, vitamins D3, B12, minerals, and unsaturated fats. In response to consumer demand, various types of fish products of stable quality are available all year round. Pre-treatment with brine containing acetic acid, salt (NaCl), and/or granulated CaCl2 in various concentrations and proportions can be used to stabilise quality. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of various pre-treatment methods on smoked Baltic sprat sensory and technological parameters. Prior to smoking, fish was treated in a solution of additives in various proportions for 30 min. Untreated sprats were used as a control sample. The use of pre-treatment allowed reduction of the smoking losses; the combination of NaCl and acetic acid resulted in about 26% smoking loss. If no pre-treatment was applied, the drying losses after 24-hour storage were 1.6%, while using the solution of NaCl and CaCl2 it decreased to 0.3%. Both the pre-treatment method and freezing affected fish pH. The pH of smoked fresh sprats was 6.73 and for smoked frozen sprats, it was 6.38. Sensory testing using the Just About Right (JAR) method demonstrated that the use of acetic acid made smoked fish texture firmer.
Quality of Different Coloured Tomatoes Depending on the Growing Season
Authors: Dūma Māra , Alsiņa Ina , Dubova Laila , Gavare Diāna , Erdberga Ieva 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tomatoes have been widely used in nutrition, as well as in nutritional medicine. Red tomatoes are used for the treatment of anaemia, they contain the antioxidant lycopene, and the high concentration of organic acids promotes digestion. Yellow tomatoes have valuable amounts of ß-carotene, the pigment that gives orange and yellow tomatoes their colour, and helps to neutralise free radicals that may damage cells. The size of brown tomatoes is smaller than an average tomato, but they are sweeter, due to higher concentration of fructose. Cherry tomatoes are among the smallest tomatoes commercially available, but they are known for being rich in carotenoids, lycopene and phenolic compounds. The aim of the study was to evaluate how the concentration of biologically active substances differs depending on the tomato growing season. The study examined four varieties of tomatoes (Bolzano F1 — yellow, Chocomate F1— brown, Encore F1 — red, Strabena F1— red cherry) grown in an industrial greenhouse “Mežvidi” (Latvia) using additional light. The concentration of biologically active substances (lycopene, ß-carotene, total phenolic compounds, and soluble solids) was determined in two vegetation periods — autumn (November) and spring (March). The obtained results showed that tomatoes harvested in autumn contained more biologically active substances than in spring, as many biological processes in plants occur more rapidly at the beginning rather than in the middle or at the end of the vegetation season. Therefore, the concentration of secondary metabolites in tomatoes is higher at the end of the season. In autumn, cherry tomatoes Strabena contained the highest amount of pigments, total phenols, and soluble solids, and therefore the taste index of this variety also was the highest. In spring, pigment concentration was significantly lower (on average by 20–30%), and phenols and soluble solids concentration (oBrix) was not significantly lower — on average by 2–4%. Of the large-fruit tomatoes, at the beginning of vegetation season (autumn), the highest amounts of pigments were in red tomatoes (Encore) — lycopene concentration 4.63 ± 0.04 mg·100 g−1; yellow tomatoes Bolzano were rich in phenolic compounds — 128.46 ± 3.25 GAE mg·100−1, and brown tomatoes Chocomate had the highest soluble solids concentration — 4.48 ± 0.05 oBrix. In spring, the concentration of biologically active substances was lower on average by 10–15%, regardless of the colour and variety of the tomato.
Assessment of Bioactive Compounds in Red Wines Available for Purchase in Latvia
Authors: Legzdiņa Zane , Straumīte Evita , Krūma Zanda 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Moderate consumption of wine is associated with positive health effects. Red wine contains more polyphenolic compounds than white wine, so it is considered healthier. The aim of the study was to determine the concentration of bioactive compounds of red grape and berry wines available for purchase in Latvia. A selection of 15 red grape and berry wines purchased in Latvian supermarkets were analysed. The total phenol concentration was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu spectrophotometric method with minor modifications. Total flavonoid concentration was determined using the colorimetric flavonoid determination method. Antiradical activity was determined using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydraziyl) reagent and ABTS (2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) radical cation determination method. The results show that the analysed red wine samples can be divided into five clusters according to the concentration of total phenols, flavonoids, and antiradical activity. Cluster 1 separately divided Latvian black chokeberry wine, with high total phenol concentration (TPC) and total flavonoid concentration (TFC), high antiradical activity via the DPPH method, and relatively low antiradical activity via ABTS method. Cluster 4 combined red wines with medium TPC, high TFC and high antiradical activity via both DPPH and ABTS methods, and included grape wines from different countries of origin. Cluster 5 combined red wines with high TPC, medium TFC, and medium antiradical activity via both DPPH and ABTS methods.
Peran Financial Distress dalam Pengaruh Konservatisme Akuntansi terhadap Tax Avoidance
Authors: Gunarto Natania Aurielle , Adi Priyo Hari 
Published: March 2022

Many studies about the influence of accounting conservatism on tax avoidance have been carried out but have not considered the role of financial distress. This study aims to examine the influence of accounting conservatism on tax avoidance which is moderated by financial distress. This study is quantitative research on basic material companies listed on IDX from 2015 until 2019. A total of 56 samples from 95 populations were obtained by the purposive sampling technique. The data used is secondary data comprised of financial statements and annual reports from each company which will be analyzed using path analysis. The result shows that accounting conservatism has a positive but not significant on tax avoidance and financial distress is unable to moderate the influence of accounting conservatism on tax avoidance.
Keywords: Accounting Conservatism; Financial distress; Tax avoidance; Corporate Tax.
Corporate Governance, Ukuran Perusahaan, Asimetri Informasi dan Manajemen Laba
Authors: Wibowo Adelphia Christian , Sari Maria Mediatrix Ratna 
Published: March 2022

The research was conducted with the aim of finding empirical evidence regarding earnings management that is influenced by corporate governance, firm size and information asymmetry. The study involved 100 manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2017-2019 with 300 samples of observation. The results of the research analysis found that the presence of women on the board of directors, commissioners and audit committees has not been able to minimize earnings management practices. The larger the size of a company and the information asymmetry that occurs, the greater the possibility of earnings management practices carried out by the company.
Keywords: Corporate Governance; Company Size; Information Asymmetry; Earnings Management.
Dapatkah Pengungkapan Tanggung Jawab Sosial Memoderasi Pengaruh Koneksi Politik dan Kepemilikan Manajerial Terhadap Agresivitas Pajak?
Authors: Sumingtio Andre , Trisnawati Estralita , Firmansyah Amrie 
Published: March 2022

The political connections owned by the company become the motivation to carry out tax aggressiveness by reducing political costs and choosing parties who have special affinity with the government. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of political connections, managerial ownership and disclosure of governance on tax aggressiveness with disclosure of social responsibility as a moderating variable. The research data uses non-consumer goods sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2016-2019 period and obtained a total of 148 observations. The data analysis tool used is Wrap Partial Least Square (PLS) 7.0 software. Based on the results of the study, it is known that the moderating variable of social responsibility disclosure is able to moderate the effect of political connections and managerial ownership, and managerial ownership on tax aggressiveness.
Keywords: Tax Aggressiveness; Political Connections; Managerial Ownership; Good Corporate Governance; Corporate Social Responsibility.