bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Sharing Economy in France: A Favourable Ecosystem for Alternative Platforms Models
Authors: Lewkowicz Myriam , Cahier Jean-Pierre 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis chapter reflects on the sharing economy in France and what can be considered a favourable ecosystem for alternative platform models. This chapter starts by reviewing a large amount of academic literature, reports, and legislation that have been produced for the last ten years and that has certainly helped businesses, public sector institutions, and local communities to anticipate changes inspired by technology and its uses and to open up their innovation processes. The chapter then focuses on platform cooperatives in three emblematic domains (meal delivery service, carpooling, and energy) that illustrate how France has embraced the criticisms of the sharing economy and its platforms. This chapter finally discussed how some factors could be considered as characteristics of a ‘French touch’ in terms of platform cooperativism.
Time Banks in the United Kingdom: An Examination of the Evolution
Authors: Perez-Vega Rodrigo , Miguel Cristina 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTime banks allow people to exchange and trade their skills; an hour for an hour. Today the United Kingdom (UK) has built a diverse ecosystem around times and skills sharing of both generic (e.g., TimeBanking UK, Communities Together) and specialist skills (e.g., Frontline19). This chapter defines the main characteristics and benefits of time banks. It also provides a typology of platforms that can be found in the UK based on the types of transactions and the types of assets being exchanged. The chapter analyses the evolution of time banks in the UK and how the COVID-19 pandemic has fostered the development of new initiatives. Finally, the chapter also includes a discussion of the attempts to measure the economic and social impact of time banks.
The Sharing Economy Business Models in Poland: Aspects of Trust, Law, and Initiatives Facing the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Lukasiewicz Agnieszka , Nadolska Aleksandra 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis chapter presents an analysis of sharing economy development in Poland, not only big businesses such as Uber or Airbnb but also smaller, local initiatives—often in their niches, doing better than global corporations. All kinds of enterprises and institutions are increasingly willing to incorporate elements of shared economics for business practice and organisational culture through stressing cost savings and flexibility. With all the opportunities sharing economy brings, it also creates many unsolved issues, such as regulations, labour law, competition, which often lead to conflicts of different stakeholders. Authors discuss various sharing economy initiatives in Poland as well as social strands, trust, and problems with legally unregulated issues. Furthermore, this chapter also covers different aspects of sharing economy initiatives embedded in the COVID-19 pandemic.
Peer-To-Peer Accommodation in Europe: Trends, Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Farmaki Anna , Miguel Cristina 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe aim of this chapter is to discuss the evolution of the peer-to-peer (P2P) accommodation phenomenon in Europe and to examine the key trends noticeable in the sector, including any external factors that influence P2P accommodation operations, practices and future development. Correspondingly, the chapter also examines the opportunities and challenges that emerge from P2P accommodation’s rapid growth. As such, the chapter aims to contribute to the ongoing discussion on the evolution of P2P accommodation platforms in Europe. Specifically, the chapter offers insights that may illuminate the understanding of the drivers, inhibitors, and influencers pertinent to the phenomenon’s development and resilience potential in the COVID-19 pandemic era.
Very stable Higgs bundles, equivariant multiplicity and mirror symmetry
Authors: Hausel Tamás , Hitchin Nigel 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe define and study the existence of very stable Higgs bundles on Riemann surfaces, how it implies a precise formula for the multiplicity of the very stable components of the global nilpotent cone and its relationship to mirror symmetry. The main ingredients are the Bialynicki-Birula theory of$${\mathbb {C}}^*$$C∗-actions on semiprojective varieties,$${\mathbb {C}}^*$$C∗characters of indices of$${\mathbb {C}}^*$$C∗-equivariant coherent sheaves, Hecke transformation for Higgs bundles, relative Fourier–Mukai transform along the Hitchin fibration, hyperholomorphic structures on universal bundles and cominuscule Higgs bundles.
Comparison of prognostic impact of anticoagulants in heart failure patients with atrial fibrillation and renal dysfunction: direct oral anticoagulants versus vitamin K antagonists
Authors: Sakai Takahiro , Motoki Hirohiko , Fuchida Aya , Takeuchi Takahiro , Otagiri Kyuhachi , Kanai Masafumi , Kimura Kazuhiro , Minamisawa Masatoshi , Yoshie Koji , Saigusa Tatsuya , Ebisawa Soichiro , Okada Ayako , Kitabayashi Hiroshi , Kuwahara Koichiro 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAlthough high thromboembolic risk was assumed in elderly patients with heart failure (HF) and atrial fibrillation (AF), inadequate control of prothrombin time/international normalized ratio was often observed in patients using vitamin K antagonists (VKAs). We hypothesized that patients treated with direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) would have a better outcome than those treated with VKAs. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacies of DOACs and VKAs in elderly patients with HF and AF. We retrospectively analyzed data from a multicenter, prospective observational cohort study. A total of 1036 patients who were hospitalized for acute decompensated HF were enrolled. We assessed 329 patients aged > 65 years who had non-valvular AF and divided them into 2 groups according to the anticoagulant therapy they received. A subgroup analysis was performed using renal dysfunction based on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR; mL/min/1.73 m2). The primary outcome was all-cause mortality, and the secondary outcomes were non-cardiovascular death or stroke. The median follow-up period was 730 days (range 334–1194 days). The primary outcome was observed in 84 patients; non-cardiovascular death, in 25 patients; and stroke, in 14 patients. The Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed that all-cause mortality was significantly lower in the DOAC group than in the VKA group (log-rank p = 0.033), whereas the incidence rates of non-cardiovascular death (log-rank p = 0.171) and stroke (log-rank p = 0.703) were not significantly different in the crude population. DOAC therapy was not associated with lower mortality in the crude population (log-rank p = 0.146) and in the eGFR ≥ 45 mL/min/1.73 m2 subgroup (log-rank p = 0.580). However, DOAC therapy was independently associated with lower mortality after adjustments for age, diabetes mellitus, and albumin level (hazard ratio, 0.55; 95% confidence interval, 0.30–0.99; p = 0.045) in the eGFR < 45 mL/min/1.73 m2 subgroup. Compared with VKA therapy, DOAC therapy was associated with lower risk of all-cause mortality in the elderly HF patients with AF and renal dysfunction.
The role of biopsy in diagnosing infection after hip and knee arthroplasty: a meta-analysis
Authors: Li Cheng , Margaryan Donara , Perka Carsten , Trampuz Andrej 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Early diagnosis of periprosthetic hip and knee infection still represents a major challenge, as no single test can achieve ideal results. Currently, multiple preoperative indicators were performed to diagnose periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) to confirm or exclude infection in the early stage. However, the diagnostic value of biopsy-related tests in diagnosing periprosthetic hip and knee infection remains unclear.

Materials and methods
Publications in PubMed, Embase, and the Web of Science databases were searched systematically until October 2020. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were used for screening biopsy-related studies of the diagnosis of periprosthetic hip and knee infection.

Results
Three biopsy-related tests were identified in 14 articles and further analyzed in the present meta-analysis. The combined method had the highest value for the area under the curve (0.9805), followed by histology (0.9425) and microbiological tests (0.9292). In the subgroup, statistical differences were identified in sensitivity and specificity for PJI diagnosis between the synovial fluid culture and biopsy culture group, as well as in the biopsy-related combined method and serum C-reactive protein.

Conclusions
Biopsy culture does not appear to be advantageous compared to synovial fluid culture in the preoperative diagnosis of periprosthetic hip and knee infection. In contrast, combined biopsy microbial culture with histology analysis shows great potential in improving the preoperative diagnosis of PJI. The standard procedure of biopsy needs to be further explored. Further research is required to verify our results.
Don’t forget about tau: the effects of ApoE4 genotype on Alzheimer’s disease cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in subjects with mild cognitive impairment—data from the Dementia Competence Network
Authors: Benson Gloria S. , Bauer Chris , Hausner Lucrezia , Couturier Samuel , Lewczuk Piotr , Peters Oliver , Hüll Michael , Jahn Holger , Jessen Frank , Pantel Johannes , Teipel Stefan J. , Wagner Michael , Schuchhardt Johannes , Wiltfang Jens , Kornhuber Johannes , Frölich Lutz 
Published: January 2022

Abstract﻿ApoE4, the strongest genetic risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), has been shown to be associated with both beta-amyloid (Aβ) and tau pathology, with the strongest evidence for effects on Aβ, while the association between ApoE4 and tau pathology remains inconsistent. This study aimed to investigate the associations between ApoE4 with CSF Aβ42, total tau (t-tau), phospho-tau181 (p-tau), and with the progression of decline in a large cohort of MCI subjects, both progressors to AD and other dementias, as well as non-progressors. We analyzed associations of CSF Aβ42, p-tau and t-tau with ApoE4 allele frequency cross-sectionally and longitudinally over 3 years of follow-up in 195 individuals with a diagnosis of MCI-stable, MCI-AD converters and MCI progressing to other dementias from the German Dementia Competence Network. In the total sample, ApoE4 carriers had lower concentrations of CSF Aβ42, and increased concentrations of t-tau and p-tau compared to non-carriers in a gene dose-dependent manner. Comparisons of these associations stratified by MCI-progression groups showed a significant influence of ApoE4 carriership and diagnostic group on all CSF biomarker levels. The effect of ApoE4 was present in MCI-stable individuals but not in the other groups, with ApoE4 + carriers having decreased CSF Aβ 42 levels, and increased concentration of t-tau and p-tau. Longitudinally, individuals with abnormal t-tau and Aβ42 had a more rapid progression of cognitive and clinical decline, independently of ApoE4 genotype. Overall, our results contribute to an emerging framework in which ApoE4 involves mechanisms associated with both CSF amyloid-β burden and tau aggregation at specific time points in AD pathogenesis.
Kluft-Matrix-Interaktion als bedeutendes Merkmal des Stofftransportes im karbonatisch gebundenen Luxemburger Sandstein
Authors: Thielen Claude , Rüde Thomas R. 
Published: January 2022

ZusammenfassungDer Luxemburger Sandstein ist eine kalkgebundene Sandsteinfazies, die sich während des frühen Jura auf einem flachmarinen Schelf abgelagert hat. Mit seinem ausgezeichneten Porenanteil bildet er das wichtigste Grundwasservorkommen Luxemburgs, besitzt durch seine Klüfte und deren Bedeutung für den Grundwassertransport jedoch einen komplexen Stofftransport. Diese Arbeit untersucht mithilfe von Laborexperimenten die Kluft-Matrix-Interaktion und ihre Auswirkung auf den Stofftransport im oberflächennahen Aquifer. An Bohrkernen und frisch gebrochenem Material aus einem Steinbruch werden Matrixparameter wie Porenvolumen, effektiver Diffusionskoeffizient, Durchlässigkeitsbeiwert und Porendurchmesser ermittelt. Der Stofftransport und die Interaktion der Matrix mit den Klüften als vorrangigem Transportweg werden in einem Einzelkluftversuch im Labormaßstab mit Tracerversuchen untersucht. Der Stoffaustrag lässt sich auf die Rückdiffusion aus der Matrix in das Kluftwasser, die Durchströmung poröser Matrix-Kluft-Randzonen sowie der Kluft selbst zurückführen.
Affine-Invariant Ensemble Transform Methods for Logistic Regression
Authors: Pidstrigach Jakiw , Reich Sebastian 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe investigate the application of ensemble transform approaches to Bayesian inference of logistic regression problems. Our approach relies on appropriate extensions of the popular ensemble Kalman filter and the feedback particle filter to the cross entropy loss function and is based on a well-established homotopy approach to Bayesian inference. The arising finite particle evolution equations as well as their mean-field limits are affine-invariant. Furthermore, the proposed methods can be implemented in a gradient-free manner in case of nonlinear logistic regression and the data can be randomly subsampled similar to mini-batching of stochastic gradient descent. We also propose a closely related SDE-based sampling method which again is affine-invariant and can easily be made gradient-free. Numerical examples demonstrate the appropriateness of the proposed methodologies.
Evaluation of admission levels of P, E and L selectins as predictors for thrombosis in hospitalized COVID-19 patients
Authors: Watany Mona M. , Abdou Saied , Elkolaly Reham , Elgharbawy Nashwa , Hodeib Hossam 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThromboembolic complications are the most reported cause of death in coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Hypercoagulability, platelets activation and endotheliopathy are well-recognized features in COVID-19 patients. The aim of this work was to evaluate circulating soluble selectins P, E and L at the time of hospital admission as predictors for upcoming thrombosis. This retrospective study included 103 hospitalized COVID-19 patients and 50 healthy volunteer controls. COVID-19 patients were categorized into two groups; group 1 who developed thrombosis during hospitalization and group 2 who did not. Soluble selectins were quantitated using ELISA technique. Higher levels of sP-selectin, sE-selectin and sL-selectin were detected in COVID-19 patients compared to controls. Furthermore, significantly higher levels were found in group 1 compared to group 2. Their means were [5.86 ± 1.72 ng/mL vs. 2.51 ± 0.81 ng/mL]; [50 ± 8.57 ng/mL vs. 23.96 ± 6.31 ng/mL] and [4.66 ± 0.83 ng/mL vs. 2.95 ± 0.66 ng/mL] for sP-selectin, sE-selectin and sL-selectin respectively. The elevated selectins correlated with the currently used laboratory biomarkers of disease severity. After adjustment of other factors, sP-selectin, sE-selectin and sL-selectin were independent predictors for thrombosis. At sP-selectin ≥ 3.2 ng/mL, sE-selectin ≥ 32.5 ng/mL and sL-selectin ≥ 3.6 ng/mL thrombosis could be predicted with 97.1%, 97.6% and 96.5% sensitivity. A panel of the three selectins provided 100% clinical sensitivity. Admission levels of circulating soluble selectins P, E and L can predict thrombosis in COVID-19 patients and could be used to identify patients who need prophylactic anticoagulants. E-selectin showed a superior clinical performance, as thrombo-inflammation biomarker, to the most commonly studied P-selectin.
Heterogeneous impacts of climate change on crop yields across altitudes in Ethiopia
Authors: Ginbo Tsegaye 
Published: January 2022

AbstractImpacts of climate change can differ from one region to another. We combine the household-level panel data with weather and climate data to examine the heterogeneity of the impacts of climate change on crop yields across different crops and agro-ecologies in Ethiopia. Our results show that climate change will induce an increase in coffee and teff yields by 31% and 8.3%, respectively, at high altitudes by the years 2041–2060 compared to 1988–2018, under a medium emissions scenario. Conversely, it will reduce coffee yield by 3% at low altitudes, and barley, maize, and wheat yield by 22.7%, 48%, and 10%, respectively, at high altitudes. These findings suggest that tailoring agricultural development programs and climate adaptation strategies to address location and crop-specific sensitivity to climate change may help to build resilience and improve the livelihood of smallholder farmers.
Creativity and vocational identity in late adolescence. A study using the person-centred approach
Authors: Sica Luigia Simona , Di Palma Tiziana , Fusco Luca , Aleni Sestito Laura , Ragozini Giancarlo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe link between identity and creativity has received attention from developmental psychology only recently, even if these competences are also critical for the formation processes of vocational identity, mainly during late adolescence when young people have to define plans for their professional future. The current study aims at identifying typologies of ‘creativity–vocational identity interplay’ in 190 late adolescence. Using a person-centred approach, our findings confirm the relationship between vocational identity and creativity identifying a two-cluster solution with differences in terms of creativity processes involved in the formation of vocational identity.
The Prevalence and Correlates of Gambling in Australian Secondary School Students
Authors: Freund Megan , Noble Natasha , Hill David , White Victoria , Evans Tiffany , Oldmeadow Christopher , Guerin Nicola , Sanson-Fisher Robert 
Published: January 2022

AbstractYouth gambling is associated with a range of harms. This study aimed to examine, among Australian adolescents, the prevalence of gambling (ever, in the last month, at-risk and problem), the most frequent gambling types and modalities, and to explore the student characteristics associated with gambling in the last month and with at-risk or problem gambling. Students aged 12–17 years from Victoria and Queensland answered gambling questions as part of the Australian Secondary School Alcohol and Drug (ASSAD) Survey in 2017. The ASSAD also included a series of questions about smoking, alcohol and other drug use, and mental health. A total of 6377 students from 93 schools were included in analysis. The prevalence of ever gambling and gambling in the last month was 31% and 6% respectively. Of students who had gambled in the last month, 34% were classified as at-risk and 15% were classified as problem gamblers. The most frequent types of gambling in the last month were horse or dog race and sports betting. Students who gambled in the last month did so most frequently via a parent or guardian purchasing or playing for them, at home or at a friends’ house, and online or using an app. Regression analysis indicated that male gender, having money available to spend on self, alcohol consumption in the last seven days, the number of types of advertisements seen in the last month, and the number of peer or family members who gambled in the last month, were significantly associated with the likelihood of students gambling in the last month. Male gender, some age categories, and exposure to more types of gambling advertising were also significant predictors of being classified as an at-risk or problem gambler. This large study of youth gambling provides data on gambling behaviours and related variables from a large sample of Australian secondary school students. Student characteristics, including male gender and exposure to more types of gambling advertising, were associated with an increased likelihood of gambling in the last month and of being classified as an at-risk or problem gambler. Further implications of the study findings are discussed.
JRP analysis of synchronization loss between signals recording during bubble departures
Authors: Dzienis P. , Zaborowska I. , Mosdorf R. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe synchronization between the air pressure fluctuations and the depth of liquid penetration into the nozzle during bubble departures was investigated using joint recurrence quantification analysis. In the experiment, the bubbles were generated from a glass nozzle into distilled water. During the analysis, the recurrent rate coefficients were calculated for the depth of liquid penetration into the glass nozzle and pressure changes in the gas supply system. The study was conducted by two air volume flow rates, i.e. 0.023 l/min and 0.026 l/min. The air volume flow rates were selected so that the appearance and disappearance of period bubble departures were clearly visible. It has been shown that the synchronization of the pressure changes and the depth of liquid penetration appears when periodic changes in the depth of liquid penetration occur in a relatively long period of time. The process of changing the distance between the extremes of liquid penetration into the nozzle and pressure changes in the gas supply system was observed. It has been found that the decrease in the distance between these extremes is responsible for the appearance of periodic bubble departures. This behaviour has not been reported in previous papers. This process was modelled by numerical simulations.
Controlling pore-scale processes to tame subsurface biomineralization
Authors: Jimenez-Martinez Joaquin , Nguyen Jen , Or Dani 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMicroorganisms capable of biomineralization can catalyze mineral precipitation by modifying local physical and chemical conditions. In porous media, such as soil and rock, these microorganisms live and function in highly heterogeneous physical, chemical and ecological microenvironments, with strong local gradients created by both microbial activity and the pore-scale structure of the subsurface. Here, we focus on extracellular bacterial biomineralization, which is sensitive to external heterogeneity, and review the pore-scale processes controlling microbial biomineralization in natural and engineered porous media. We discuss how individual physical, chemical and ecological factors integrate to affect the spatial and temporal control of biomineralization, and how each of these factors contributes to a quantitative understanding of biomineralization in porous media. We find that an improved understanding of microbial behavior in heterogeneous microenvironments would promote understanding of natural systems and output in diverse technological applications, including improved representation and control of fluid mixing from pore to field scales. We suggest a range of directions by which future work can build from existing tools to advance each of these areas to improve understanding and predictability of biomineralization science and technology.