bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Citizenship or political? The Twitter accounts that the Media and their Directors started to follow
Authors: Israel-Turim Verónica , Micó-Sanz Josep Lluís 
Published: July 2022

Digital platforms have transformed the influence streams among media, journalists, politicians and the citizenship, as well as concerning gatekeeping and agenda setting (Guo and Vargo, 2017; Wallace, 2018; Casero-Ripollés, 2021). Nonetheless, homophilic tendencies among power groups continue to be reproduced online (McPherson, Smith-Lovin and Cook, 2001; Maares, Lind and Greussing, 2021). With the objective of contributing to the deepening of the understanding of the dynamics and influence flows online among power elites, we analyzed via a machine learning Software, the 50 accounts that the network of the most followed Media Directors in Spain began following and compared them with the accounts that the Media they manage started following. We categorized them in Types of accounts, Location and Gender, and analyzed the repetitions between the accounts they began to follow to subsequently work with data visualization methods in order to find trends and tendencies (Bail, 2014; Batrinca and Treleaven, 2015). The results of this research indicate that some patterns of behavior differ between both networks, such as the gender and types of accounts they began following, whereas the location presented similar trends. The year where we can see the highest similarities corresponds to 2018, an electoral year in Spain, where both networks started following a majority of Spanish male politicians.
Interacción y fidelización de las audiencias digitales en la ficción televisiva: el transmedia en el caso de la serie <em>L’Alqueria Blanca</em> de À Punt
Authors: Marin Pérez Benjamin , Bañon Castellón Lola 
Published: July 2022

El trasvase de las audiencias televisivas tradicionales al entorno digital y al consumo pluripantalla ha determinado que las cadenas reorganicen la difusión de contenidos en diferentes plataformas. La estrategia transmedia en las series de ficción busca la participación de los espectadores para posibilitar que se conviertan en reduplicadores y colaboradores en la formación de las tramas. La televisión pública ha fomentado estas nuevas formas narrativas como forma de fidelizar a las audiencias. En el caso de la televisión autonómica valenciana, L’Alqueria Blanca supone un caso especial puesto que se trata de una serie de éxito interrumpida abruptamente por el cierre de la cadena Canal 9 y recuperada ocho años más tarde en la nueva À Punt. Esta investigación analiza la introducción de la estrategia transmedia en esta serie tradicional en el ámbito digital y sus resultados de fidelización. La metodología se cimenta en el estudio de las plataformas que configuran la estructura transmedia de la serie para determinar la respuesta de los públicos ante las interacciones. Se concluye que facilita no solo la recuperación de anteriores audiencias, de ese público más mayor, sino que incorpora además a espectadores que están ya situados en la línea del consumo digital (25-44 años). Además, este aumento de las audiencias los días de emisión supone un mayor consumo de televisión en todas las franjas de edad.
Raspberry Ketone from Submerged Cultured Cells of the Basidiomycete Nidula niveo‐tomentosa
Authors: Böker Andreas , Fischer Manuela , Berger Ralf G. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe basidiomycete Nidula niveo‐tomentosa produced 4‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)‐butan‐2‐one (raspberry ketone), one of the character impact components of raspberry flavor, and its corresponding alcohol. A systematic attempt was made to improve the productivity of this fungus. Variation of nutrient medium composition, precursor amount, time of supplementation, and cultivation period yielded a 50‐fold increase in metabolite concentrations. Raspberry ketone and alcohol were easily isolated from the culture medium by solvent extraction. Glycosidically bound forms or accumulation of raspberry compounds in fungal cells were not detected. This microbial process offers an alternative for the production of natural raspberry flavor.
Influence of Fungal Elicitors on Production of Ajmalicine by Cell Cultures of Catharanthus roseus
Authors: Namdeo Ajay , Patil Shridhar , Fulzele Devanand P. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractSuspension cultures of Catharanthus roseus ( C. roseus) were elicited with fungal cell wall fragments of Aspergillus niger (A.niger), Fusarium moniliforme (F. moniliforme), and Trichoderma viride (T.viride). The effects of elicitor dosage, exposures time, and age of subculture on ajmalicine accumulation were studied. A higher concentration of elicitor extract responded positively to C. roseus suspension cultures. Ajmalicine accumulation increased by about 3‐fold when cells were treated with A.niger, F. moniliforme, and T. viride. The maximum ajmalicine production (75 μg g−1 dry weight (DW)) was observed in cells treated with T. viride. Cell cultures were elicited with 5% preparation of A. niger, F. moniliforme, and T. viride and exposed for 24, 48, 72, and 96 h. for elicitation. Suspension cultures elicited with T. viride for 48 h showed a 3‐fold increase (87 μg g−1 DW) in ajmalicine contents, whereas A. niger and F. moniliforme synthesized a 2‐fold increase in alkaloid and yielded 52 and 56 μg g−1 DW ajmalicine, respectively. C. roseus cells of different age (5,10, 15, 20, and 25 days old) were treated with a 5% elicitor of A. niger, F. moniliforme, and T. viride and investigated elicitors activity at different age of cell cultures. Maximum yield 166 μg g−1 DW of ajmalicine was synthesized in 20 day old suspension cultures treated with T. viride. A longer period of incubation of cell cultures with elicitors adversely affected the ajmalicine synthesis.
AUDIT OF OUTPATIENT LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY
Authors: Fleming Universities Of Melbourne Hpb Group: William R. , Michell Ian , Douglas Malcolm 
Published: July 2002

Background: Because the postoperative stay after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has shortened, it seemed that outpatient LC would be feasible. The aim of this study was to prospectively audit initial experience with outpatient LC at the Austin and Repatriation Medical Centre. We aimed to determine appropriate patient selection criteria, to devise anaesthetic and discharge protocols and to assess patient satisfaction at follow up. Methods: All patients presenting for LC were assessed for suitability, and those elective cases unlikely to have a duct stone and fulfilling the social criteria were studied. After standard anaesthetic and LC technique, patients recovered in the day surgery unit for up to 8 h and were discharged if stable. The hospital in the home nursing service monitored patients for 48 h and arranged readmission if needed. Patient satisfaction was assessed by independent telephone questionnaire 6 weeks postoperatively. Results: Forty‐five patients (median age 43 years) underwent outpatient LC with a discharge rate of 82.3%, resulting in a cost saving of $984 per patient treated. One patient was readmitted, giving an overall success rate of 80%. After stricter implementation of the protocol in the second half of the study, the discharge rate rose to 92%. Patient acceptance of the technique was high at 84.5%. Conclusions: The results of the first 45 patients show that it is possible to safely perform outpatient LC with a low admission rate in fit, elective patients who live close to medical care. Provided a strict anaesthetic protocol is followed, the technique has good patient acceptance and provides some economic benefit to the hospital.
Urethroplasty for balanitis xerotica obliterans
Authors: Venn  , Mundy  
Published: July 2002

Objective To review the results of different methods of urethroplasty for anterior urethral strictures caused by balanitis xerotica obliterans (BXO).Patients and methods Twenty‐eight patients underwent urethroplasty for BXO; 12 had a one‐stage pedicled penile skin‐flap urethroplasty and 16 excision and a two‐stage free‐graft urethroplasty using nongenital skin.Results The treatment failed in all patients undergoing a one‐stage pedicle penile skin urethroplasty because the disease recurred with BXO, whereas the treatment failed in only one patient using a two‐stage free graft procedure.Conclusion A two‐stage free‐graft urethroplasty using nongenital skin is recommended for anterior urethral strictures caused by BXO.
A five‐year evaluation of intervention in diabetes care in Trinidad and Tobago
Authors: Gulliford M. C. , Mahabir D. 
Published: July 2002

Summary Aims To evaluate an intervention to improve diabetes care in government‐run heath centres in Trinidad and Tobago over 5 years.Methods A cross‐sectional survey of 690 subjects with clinical diabetes attending nine health centres was carried out in 1993. The intervention was: reports to the Ministry of Health, dissemination of management guidelines and annual training workshops for healthcare staff. Re‐evaluation was through a survey of 1579 subjects with diabetes, attending 23 health centres in 1998. Results Comparing 1993 with 1998, foot examinations in the previous year increased from 38 (6%) to 346 (22%) and fundoscopy from 6 (1%) to 139 (9%). For subjects attending for 1 year or less, 34/96 (35%) had dietary advice recorded in 1993 compared with 77/143 (54%) in 1998. Exercise advice was recorded for 3/96 (3%) in 1993 and 48/143 (34%) in 1998. In 1993, 329 (48%) were taking chlorpropamide but this fell to 57 (4%) in 1998. Glibenclamide use increased from 214 (31%) to 856 (54%) and gliclazide from four (1%) to 205 (13%). In 1993, 198/338 (56%) of hypertensive subjects were taking Brinerdin, this fell to 56/829 (7%) in 1998 while use of thiazide diuretics, methyldopa and angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors increased. There were no changes in indicators of metabolic control, blood pressure control or body weight. Conclusions Use of audit data to inform health policy and practice, linked with educational interventions, may modify patterns of care in government‐run primary care health centres in a middle‐income country with a high prevalence of diabetes.
Methodologic Issues in Conducting Research on Hospitalized Older People
Authors: Berkman Cathy S. , Leipzig Rosanne M. , Greenberg Sherry A. , Inouye Sharon K. 
Published: July 2002

OBJECTIVE: To describe challenges in conducting research with hospitalized geriatric patients.DESIGN: Quasi‐experimental longitudinal study with in‐person interviews at baseline and discharge and a three‐month postdischarge telephone interview. Study protocol required baseline interviews within 48 hours of admission for patients or 72 hours for proxies. SETTING: 813‐bed urban teaching hospital.PARTICIPANTS: 240 patients, mean age 83.8 years, at moderate to high risk for functional decline during hospitalization, admitted from the emergency room to a general medical unit.MEASUREMENTS: Delays starting or interruptions continuing interviews; patient and environmental conditions potentially affecting data quality; and information on proxy use.RESULTS: Timely access to patients or proxies was a major difficulty, resulting in the screening of only 53.1% of 867 potentially eligible patients. Multiple patient contacts and visits were required to complete interviews. Only 61.3% of baseline and 28.1% of follow‐up interviews were completed on the initial day of contact. Despite having on‐site interviewers 7 days a week, 29% of discharge interviews were conducted by telephone. Interviews were> 90% complete in 487 of 503 of encounters (97%). Baseline delays and interruptions were usually due to the presence of medical staff, off‐unit tests, patient illness, nurse unavailability for interview, and need for a proxy. Most in‐hospital interviews were conducted with others present. Proxies were required for approximately one‐third of patients at all three interviews.CONCLUSION: Conducting clinical research with older adults in the current inpatient setting, where patients are more severely ill yet have shorter lengths of stay now than in the past, proves a challenging yet achievable goal. Effective procedures for negotiating the acute care environment are critical to successful studies.
Cooperative effects in hydrogen bonding: Fourth-order many-body perturbation theory studies of water oligomers and of an infinite water chain as a model for ice
Authors: Suhai Sándor 
Published: July 2002

As a step toward the first principles quantum mechanical modeling of the structural and electronic properties of ice, hydrogen-bonded periodic infinite chains of water molecules have been investigated by the ab initio crystal orbital method at the Hartree–Fock (HF) level and by including electron correlation up to the complete fourth order of Mo/ller–Plesset perturbation theory (MP4). The Bloch functions of the crystal have been expanded in a series of high quality atomic orbital basis sets complemented by extended sets of polarization functions, up to TZ(3d2f,3p2d). Basis set superposition errors have been (partly) eliminated by the counterpoise method and the infinite lattice sums have been computed using the multipole expansion technique. The systematically increasing size of the basis sets has allowed the extrapolation of structural and electronic indices of this ice model to the limit of an infinite atomic basis at both the HF and various correlated levels, respectively. For each theoretical model, detailed comparisons have been made with the corresponding physical properties of water monomers, dimers, and some larger linear oligomers.
The results convincingly prove that hydrogen bonding in ice is a highly cooperative phenomenon, both from the structural and energetic points of view. The cohesive energy per hydrogen bond of the crystal is −5.30 kcal/mol at the HF level (with RHFO,O=2.88 Å) as compared with the dimer value of −3.60 kcal/mol (at the optimized distance of 3.03 Å). At the MP2 level of theory, the crystalline binding energy decreases to −6.60 kcal/mol and the lattice contracts to RMP2O,O=2.73 Å (compared with −4.50 kcal/mol at 2.88 Å for the dimer). The correlation corrections at third and fourth order slightly expand the crystal lattice (to RMP4O,O=2.75 Å) and reduce the cohesion by 0.15 kcal/mol. A decomposition of the intermolecular interactions according to different terms of MP4 theory suggests that the cohesive energy of ice results from a delicate balance between different repulsive and attractive terms in third and fourth order, which exhibit different long-range behaviors. The detailed study of the role of high-energy virtual energy bands in computing electron correlation effects in ice provides further insight into the important role that basis set flexibility plays in such investigations. The resulting cohesive energy of −6.83 kcal/mol at the MP4 level is in reasonable agreement with the experimental energy per hydrogen bond in ice I, −6.7 kcal/mol.
Dispersion, convection, and reaction in porous media
Authors: Mauri Roberto 
Published: July 2002

The problem of transport of a reactive solute in a porous medium by convection and diffusion is studied for the case in which the solute particles undergo a first-order chemical reaction on the surface of the bed. Assuming that the geometry is periodic, the method of homogenization is applied, showing explicitly that the effective equation is given by a Kramers–Moyal expansion, i.e., a partial differential equation of infinite order in which the nth term is the product of the nth gradient of the mean concentration by an nth-order constant tensor. The effective values of reactivity, solute velocity, diffusivity, and of all the tensorial coefficients in the expansion are independent of the initial solute distribution and are expressed in terms of Peclet’s and Damkohler’s numbers, Pe=aV/D and Da=ak/D, respectively, where a is the cell size, V is the solvent mean velocity, D is the solute molecular diffusivity, and k is the surface reactivity, showing that they are independent of the initial solute distribution. Since the ratio between two successive terms in the effective equation equals the small ratio ε between the micro- and macrolength scales, truncating the expansion after the nth term allows us to find the effective concentration up to O(εn) terms.
The impact of this fact is exemplified, showing that in the case of a solute flowing in a pipe with small Damkohler number Da, the effective concentration can be determined up to O(Da) terms only if the effective equation includes the skewness term. When Pe and Da are either small or large, after determining a two-parameter expansion of the solution, it is shown that the ratios between the diffusion, convection, and reaction macroscopic characteristic time scales cannot always be inferred through a naive dimensional analysis at the microscale. For example, when Da≫1 we find that the effective reaction rate tends to a constant value, independent of Da. When Pe≫1, Taylor-like dispersion, proportional to Pe2, is obtained when the mean flow is perpendicular to any vector of the reciprocal lattice. If this condition is not satisfied, the result strongly depends on the magnitude of the volume fraction of the bed particles Φ. If Pe−3≪Φ≪1, then the main mechanism causing dispersion is convection alone and the effective diffusivity is proportional to Pe; on the contrary, when Φ≪Pe−3, the effective diffusivity tends to a constant value independent of Pe.
Localization of p21-Activated Kinase 1 (PAK1) to Pinocytic Vesicles and Cortical Actin Structures in Stimulated Cells
Authors: Dharmawardhane Suranganie , Sanders Luraynne C. , Martin Stuart S. , Daniels R. Hugh , Bokoch Gary M. 
Published: July 2002

The mechanisms through which the small GTPases Rac1 and Cdc42 regulate the formation of membrane ruffles, lamellipodia, and filopodia are currently unknown. The p21-activated kinases (PAKs) are direct targets of active Rac and Cdc42 which can induce the assembly of polarized cytoskeletal structures when expressed in fibroblasts, suggesting that they may play a role in mediating the effects of these GTPases on cytoskeletal dynamics.
We have examined the subcellular localization of endogenous PAK1 in fibroblast cell lines using specific PAK1 antibodies. PAK1 is detected in submembranous vesicles in both unstimulated and stimulated fibroblasts that colocalize with a marker for fluid-phase uptake. In cells stimulated with PDGF, in v-Src–transformed fibroblasts, and in wounded cells, PAK1 redistributed into dorsal and membrane ruffles and into the edges of lamellipodia, where it colocalizes with polymerized actin. PAK1 was also colocalized with F-actin in membrane ruffles extended as a response to constitutive activation of Rac1. PAK1 appears to precede F-actin in translocating to cytoskeletal structures formed at the cell periphery. The association of PAK1 with the actin cytoskeleton is prevented by the actin filament-disrupting agent cytochalasin D and by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor wortmannin. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrate an in vivo interaction of PAK1 with filamentous (F)-actin in stimulated cells. Microinjection of a constitutively active PAK1 mutant into Rat-1 fibroblasts overexpressing the insulin receptor (HIRcB cells) induced the formation of F-actin- and PAK1-containing structures reminiscent of dorsal ruffles. These data indicate a close correlation between the subcellular distribution of endogenous PAK1 and the formation of Rac/Cdc42-dependent cytoskeletal structures and support an active role for PAK1 in regulating cortical actin rearrangements.
Dissociation of FAK/p130CAS/c-Src Complex during Mitosis: Role of Mitosis-specific Serine Phosphorylation of FAK
Authors: Yamakita Yoshihiko , Totsukawa Go , Yamashiro Shigeko , Fry David , Zhang Xiaoe , Hanks Steven K. , Matsumura Fumio 
Published: July 2002

At mitosis, focal adhesions disassemble and the signal transduction from focal adhesions is inactivated. We have found that components of focal adhesions including focal adhesion kinase (FAK), paxillin, and p130CAS (CAS) are serine/threonine phosphorylated during mitosis when all three proteins are tyrosine dephosphorylated. Mitosis-specific phosphorylation continues past cytokinesis and is reversed during post-mitotic cell spreading.
We have found two significant alterations in FAK-mediated signal transduction during mitosis. First, the association of FAK with CAS or c-Src is greatly inhibited, with levels decreasing to 16 and 13% of the interphase levels, respectively. Second, mitotic FAK shows decreased binding to a peptide mimicking the cytoplasmic domain of beta-integrin when compared with FAK of interphase cells. Mitosis-specific phosphorylation is responsible for the disruption of FAK/CAS binding because dephosphorylation of mitotic FAK in vitro by protein serine/threonine phosphatase 1 restores the ability of FAK to associate with CAS, though not with c-Src. These results suggest that mitosis-specific modification of FAK uncouples signal transduction pathways involving integrin, CAS, and c-Src, and may maintain FAK in an inactive state until post-mitotic spreading.
A Role for Centrin 3 in Centrosome Reproduction
Authors: Middendorp Sandrine , Küntziger Thomas , Abraham Yann , Holmes Simon , Bordes Nicole , Paintrand Michel , Paoletti Anne , Bornens Michel 
Published: July 2002

Centrosome reproduction by duplication is essential for the bipolarity of cell division, but the molecular basis of this process is still unknown. Mutations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae CDC31 gene prevent the duplication of the spindle pole body (SPB). The product of this gene belongs to the calmodulin super-family and is concentrated at the half bridge of the SPB. We present a functional analysis of HsCEN3, a human centrin gene closely related to the CDC31 gene. Tran- sient overexpression of wild-type or mutant forms of HsCen3p in human cells demonstrates that centriole localization depends on a functional fourth EF-hand, but does not produce mitotic phenotype. However, injection of recombinant HsCen3p or of RNA encoding HsCen3p in one blastomere of two-cell stage Xenopus laevis embryos resulted in undercleavage and inhibition of centrosome duplication. Furthermore, HsCEN3 does not complement mutations or deletion of CDC31 in S. cerevisiae, but specifically blocks SPB duplication, indicating that the human protein acts as a dominant negative mutant of CDC31. Several lines of evidence indicate that HsCen3p acts by titrating Cdc31p-binding protein(s).
Our results demonstrate that, in spite of the large differences in centrosome structure among widely divergent species, the centrosome pathway of reproduction is conserved.