bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sirt3 mitigates LPS‐induced mitochondrial damage in renal tubular epithelial cells by deacetylating YME1L1
Authors: Jian Yonghong , Yang Yifei , Cheng Lingli , Yang Xueyan , Liu Hongyan , Li Wei , Wan Yuhan , Yang Dingping 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAcute kidney injury (AKI) is often secondary to sepsis. Increasing evidence suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to the pathological process of AKI. In this study, we aimed to examine the regulatory roles of Sirt3 in Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced mitochondrial damage in renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs). Sirt3 knockout mice were intraperitoneally injected with LPS, and cultured TECs were stimulated with LPS to evaluate the effects of Sirt3 on mitochondrial structure and function in TECs. Electron microscopy was used to assess mitochondrial morphology. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to detect protein expression and examine mitochondrial morphology. Western blotting was used to quantify protein expression. We observed that LPS increased apoptosis, induced disturbances in mitochondrial function and dynamics, and downregulated Sirt3 expression in a sepsis‐induced AKI mouse model and human proximal tubular (HK‐2) cells in vitro. Sirt3 deficiency further exacerbated LPS‐induced renal pathological damage, apoptosis and disturbances in mitochondrial function and dynamics. On the contrary, Sirt3 overexpression in HK‐2 cells alleviated these lesions. Functional studies revealed that Sirt3 overexpression alleviated LPS‐induced mitochondrial damage and apoptosis in TECs by promoting OPA1‐mediated mitochondrial fusion through the deacetylation of i‐AAA protease (YME1L1), an upstream regulatory molecule of OPA1. Our study has identified Sirt3 as a vital factor that protects against LPS‐induced mitochondrial damage and apoptosis in TECs via the YME1L1‐OPA1 signaling pathway.
Pre‐meiotic deletion of PEX5 causes spermatogenesis failure and infertility in mice
Authors: Liu Min , Liu Shuangyuan , Song Chenyang , Zhu Haixia , Wu Bin , Zhang Aizhen , Zhao Hui , Wen Zongzhuang , Gao Jiangang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPeroxisomes are involved in the regulation of various pathological processes. Peroxisomal biogenesis factor 5 (PEX5), which plays an essential role in peroxisomal biogenesis, is critical for reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. However, its underlying functions in spermatogenesis have not yet been identified. Pex5 was deleted by crossing Stra8‐Cre mice with Pex5flox/flox mice before the onset of meiosis. The morphology of testes and epididymides, spermatogenesis function, and fertility in both wild type (WT) and Pex5−/− mice were analysed by haematoxylin and eosin (HE) and immunofluorescent staining. Mechanism of PEX5 affecting peroxisomes and spermatogenesis were validated by Western blot and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Transcriptome RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) was used to profile the dysregulated genes in testes from WT and Pex5−/− mice on postnatal day (P) 35. The adult Pex5 knockout male mice were completely sterile with no mature sperm production. Loss of Pex5 in spermatocytes resulted in multinucleated giant cell formation, meiotic arrest, abnormal tubulin expression, and deformed acrosome formation. Furthermore, Pex5 deletion led to delayed DNA double‐strand break repair and improper crossover at the pachytene stage. Impaired peroxisome function in Pex5 knockout mice induced ROS redundancy, which in turn led to an increase in germ cell apoptosis and a decline in autophagy. Pex5 regulates ROS during meiosis and is essential for spermatogenesis and male fertility in mice.
Pharmacology of inhibitors of Janus kinases – Part 2: Pharmacodynamics
Authors: Eichner Adina , Wohlrab Johannes 
Published: November 2022

SummaryAs small molecules, the Janus kinase inhibitors have different, dose‐dependent pharmacological binding selectivities, which, however, do not allow reliable statements about the clinical specificity of desired or side effects. It is therefore of particular importance to recognize that the pharmacodynamics of the individual Janus kinase inhibitors as a function of the treated indication is essentially determined by variable levels of regulation of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway and the pharmacokinetic conditions. Against this background, it becomes clear that only clinical trial data in defined indications are suitable for evaluating the efficacy and safety of Janus kinase inhibitors. An uncritical extrapolation of observations regarding efficacy and safety from studies of other indications should therefore only be made with due caution.
Efficacy and safety of janagliflozin as add‐on therapy to metformin in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin alone: A multicentre, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, phase 3 trial
Authors: Gao Leili , Cheng Zhifeng , Su Benli , Su Xiuhai , Song Weihong , Guo Yushan , Liao Lin , Chen Xiaowen , Li Jiarui , Tan Xingrong , Xu Fangjiang , Pang Shuguang , Wang Kun , Ye Jun , Wang Yuan , Chen Lili , Sun Jingfang , Ji Linong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of janagliflozin in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) inadequately controlled with metformin monotherapy.Materials and methodsThis multicentre phase 3 trial included a 24‐week, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled period, followed by a 28‐week extension period. Patients (N = 421) with HbA1c of 7.0% or higher and 10.5% or less were randomized (1:1:1) to receive once‐daily placebo, janagliflozin 25 or 50 mg. After the 24‐week treatment period, patients on placebo were re‐randomized (1:1) to janagliflozin 25 or 50 mg for the additional 28‐week treatment, whereas patients on janagliflozin maintained the same therapy. The primary endpoint was the change from baseline in HbA1c to week 24.ResultsAt week 24, the placebo‐adjusted least squares mean changes of HbA1c were –0.58% and –0.58% with janagliflozin 25 and 50 mg, respectively (P < .0001 for both). The proportion of patients achieving HbA1c less than 7.0% was higher with janagliflozin 25 and 50 mg compared with placebo (41.8%, 41.7% and 28.0%, respectively). Both janagliflozin doses provided significant reductions in fasting plasma glucose, 2‐hour postprandial glucose, body weight and systolic blood pressure, and improvements in high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and insulin sensitivity compared with placebo (P < .05 for all). The trends in improvement of these variables were retained during the 28‐week extension period. No severe hypoglycaemia occurred throughout the whole 52‐week treatment.ConclusionsJanagliflozin 25 or 50 mg once‐daily added to metformin therapy significantly improved glycaemic control, reduced body weight and systolic blood pressure, improved high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and insulin sensitivity, and was generally well‐tolerated by Chinese T2D patients who had poor glycaemic control with metformin monotherapy.
Effects of intensive blood pressure lowering in patients with diabetes: A pooled analysis of the STEP and ACCORD‐BP randomized trials
Authors: Yang Ruixue , Bai Jingjing , Fang Zhou , Wang Yang , Feng Yingqing , Liu Yunlan , Chi Hongjie , Deng Yue , Song Qirui , Cai Jun 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimTo determine whether intensive systolic blood pressure (SBP) lowering can benefit hypertensive patients with diabetes.Materials and MethodsWe performed a pooled analysis of individual patient data from two randomized trials to compare intensive and standard SBP targets in hypertensive patients with diabetes (STEP diabetes subgroup and ACCORD‐BP standard glycaemic group, n = 1627 and n = 2362, respectively). We defined a modified primary outcome as a composite of stroke, major coronary artery disease (myocardial infarction and unstable angina), heart failure, and cardiovascular death. The secondary outcomes were individual components of the primary outcome and death from any cause. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used in the main analysis. We conducted one‐stage mixed‐effect models and two‐stage analyses as sensitivity and supplementary analyses to verify the robustness of the findings.ResultsA total of 3989 patients were randomized to undergo intensive (n = 1984) or standard SBP treatment (n = 2005). After a median follow‐up of 3.83 years, the primary outcome occurred in 193/1984 patients in the intensive group and in 247/2005 patients in the standard group (hazard ratio [HR] 0.77, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.64‐0.93). The incidence rates for secondary outcomes were lower in the intensive group than in the standard group, but were not significantly different, except for stroke (intensive vs. standard: 32/1984 vs. 58/2005; HR 0.56, 95% CI 0.36‐0.86). These results remained consistent in the additional sensitivity and supplementary analyses.ConclusionsAn intensive SBP‐lowering target of 110 to <130 mmHg reduces the cardiovascular outcomes compared with a standard SBP‐lowering target of 130 to <150 mmHg. The findings of this study support the favourable effects of intensive SBP lowering in hypertensive patients with diabetes.
Quantitative text analysis of the mechanisms of tooth injury: Analysis of accidents in five sports that occurred in 15 years under school control
Authors: Shimizu Shintaro , Tanabe Gen , Hayashi Kairi , Churei Hiroshi , Anzai Tatsuhiko , Takahashi Kunihiko , Ueno Toshiaki , Fueki Kenji 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackground/AimDental trauma may occur in school settings and it can impact patients' quality of life. Analysis of the occurrences of dental trauma is essential in identifying preventive methods. There are numerous reports of such accidents but most are quantitative analyses with limited data. The aim of this study was to extract information on the mechanisms of injuries that leads to prevention by performing a qualitative analysis of the occurrence of dental trauma.Material and MethodsAfter screening 7684 cases of dental injuries that occured in schools and were reported to the Japan Sports Council between 2005 and 2020, 533 detailed descriptions of injuries that occurred during sports were included. Quantitative text analysis was performed on the target data by performing statistical analysis, extracting frequently used words, and creating a co‐occurrence network. Injury mechanisms were evaluated based on appearance of words.ResultsDental injuries occurred frequently in five sports included in the survey. They were in order of decreasing frequency: baseball, basketball, soccer, volleyball, and rugby. Males were injured more often in all sports other than volleyball. The number of accidents increased in all sports among high school students. The frequent word list and co‐occurrence network were different for each sport. This allowed typical accident occurrence mechanisms to be extracted for these five sports.ConclusionsTypical accident occurrence mechanisms were extracted from quantitative text analysis targeting free texts on the occurrence of accidents for five sports. Quantitative text analysis is useful for the evaluation of accident cases, which may aid in accident prevention.
Comparison of marginal and internal adaptation of three‐unit fixed dental prostheses made using CAD/CAM metal‐free materials
Authors: Baran Melike Cigdem , Demirci Fatih , Tuzlalı Mesut 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study was to compare the marginal and internal adaptation of three‐unit fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) fabricated from different metal‐free materials using CAD/CAM methods. A total of 100 three‐unit FDPs were produced from a cubic zirconia, a fiber‐reinforced resin composite, a polyetheretherketone (PEEK), a polyetherketoneketone (PEKK), and a polymer composite material by the CAD/CAM method (n = 20 per material). The zirconia group was considered the control/reference material. Marginal and internal gap values of the produced FDPs were measured using the silicone replica method at ×40 magnification under a stereomicroscope. The obtained data were analyzed using one‐way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD tests. The marginal and internal gap values for the cubic zirconia material were found to be statistically significantly lower than those seen for the PEEK, polymer composite, PEKK, and fiber‐reinforced resin composite materials. While the marginal and internal adaptation of the cubic zirconia material was found to be better than the others, it should be noted that the marginal and internal gap values for all other materials tested were found to be within the clinically acceptable range.
Optogenetic activation of the superior colliculus attenuates spontaneous seizures in the pilocarpine model of temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Hyder Safwan K. , Ghosh Anjik , Forcelli Patrick A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveDecades of studies have indicated that activation of the deep and intermediate layers of the superior colliculus can suppress seizures in a wide range of experimental models of epilepsy. However, prior studies have not examined efficacy against spontaneous limbic seizures. The present study aimed to address this gap through chronic optogenetic activation of the superior colliculus in the pilocarpine model of temporal lobe epilepsy.MethodsSprague Dawley rats underwent pilocarpine‐induced status epilepticus and were maintained until the onset of spontaneous seizures. Virus coding for channelrhodopsin‐2 was injected into the deep and intermediate layers of the superior colliculus, and animals were implanted with head‐mounted light‐emitting diodes at the same site. Rats were stimulated with either 5‐ or 100‐Hz light delivery. Seizure number, seizure duration, 24‐h seizure burden, and behavioral seizure severity were monitored.ResultsBoth 5‐ and 100‐Hz optogenetic stimulation of the deep and intermediate layers of the superior colliculus reduced daily seizure number and total seizure burden in all animals in the active vector group. Stimulation did not affect either seizure duration or behavioral seizure severity. Stimulation was without effect in opsin‐negative control animals.SignificanceActivation of the deep and intermediate layers of the superior colliculus reduces both the number of seizures and total daily seizure burden in the pilocarpine model of temporal lobe epilepsy. These novel data demonstrating an effect against chronic experimental seizures complement a long history of studies documenting the antiseizure efficacy of superior colliculus activation in a range of acute seizure models.
Black Theology and Insights from African Women's Theologies
Authors: Phiri Isabel Apawo , Gunda Masiiwa Ragies 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe rise in the public visibility of anti‐Black racism and intra‐Black xenophobia and racism has created a renewed thirst for responses that are unashamedly “Black centred” across disciplines and spheres. Can “Black theology” capitalize on this renewed thirst to recalibrate itself into a relevant response with the potential to impact lives outside of its traditional contexts of the US and South Africa? Using feminist methodologies, this article seeks to investigate the relationship between Black theology in Africa and African women’s theologies. Framed within similar concerns as feminist theologies, African women's theologies are also characterized by a commitment to prioritize women's experiences where traditionally, only men's experiences have been valued and prioritized. From this methodological approach, two critical questions will be brought to the fore: Where are the women in Black theology? What would Black theology look like if it considered gender a critical variable for theologizing? This article puts forward the following assertions: First, that Black theology in Africa has mainly been South African and failed to make its mark north of Limpopo due to its commitment to dismantle the political system of apartheid. Second, that Black theology in South Africa did not privilege gender as a variable worthy of pursuing because it focused more on what undermined the (South) African man. Third, that within Black theology lies the largely untapped potential to address not only growing waves of anti‐Black racism, but also, using an intentional intersectionality lens, to privilege gender, disability, and ethnicity in its purview.
Of Theological Burglaries and Epistemic Violence
Authors: Nadar Sarojini , Maluleke Tinyiko 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to explore how the historical roots of Black and other liberation theologies are undermined through the usurping of the vocabulary of decolonial language. Through a critical discourse analysis of a selected publication, we demonstrate how the foregrounding of perspectives, the trivializing of positionality and power, and the privileges accrued by proximity result in the plunder and proprietorship of decolonial archives and Black theological history. This, we argue, is a form of epistemic violence, a supreme irony when laying claim to a decolonial framing within scholarship. Adapting the method of “epistemic violence tracking,” as theorized by philosopher Kristie Dotson, we track the ways in which epistemic violence occurs through various discourses even within scholarship claiming to be decolonial. By bringing the discursive constructs of perspective, positionality, and proximity to bear on the research that is passed off as decolonial, we demonstrate how Black and other liberation theologies are not only fetishized but plundered and possessed through unjust means.
A near‐real‐time analysis of societal responses to Ukrainian refugee migration in Europe
Authors: Weisser Reinhard A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRecent events in Ukraine led to a surge in refugee migration originating from within Europe not seen since WWII. Using global data on daily news coverage, this research highlights that during the 8 weeks before the outbreak of open hostilities, there was no change in the relative interaction frequency between societal stakeholders and refugees. This changed dramatically in the 8 weeks thereafter: In neighbouring countries, the share of news reporting interactions with refugees rose from next to nothing to between 5 and 13%. In the rest of Europe, this share increased to 1% or 2%. Beyond governments, an event‐study reveals inter‐governmental organisations, civil societies and businesses as major societal forces driving not just the public discourse but levels of support for refugees. Initially, business actors displayed the strongest responsiveness to individuals in need: They became 25% points more likely to engage in material cooperation with refugees. Gradually fading support from non‐government actors suggests that prolonged humanitarian crises may require a continuous near‐real‐time monitoring system and the coordination of various stakeholders' contributions to ensure an efficient provision of aid.
Transitions for older people with intellectual disabilities and behaviours that challenge others: A rapid scoping review
Authors: Tilley Elizabeth , Jordan Joanne , Larkin Mary , Vseteckova Jitka , Ryan Sara , Wallace Louise 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundPeople with intellectual disabilities and behaviours that challenge others are living longer. This review aimed to explore what is known about the health and social care needs, experiences, service interventions and resources of and for this population as they transition to different care contexts in the UK.MethodA rapid scoping review of published and unpublished literature was conducted based on collaborative working with key stakeholders and using systematic methods of data searching, extraction and analysis.ResultsConsistent social work support, skilled staff, suitable accommodation, creative engagement with individuals and families to plan ahead, and timely access to quality healthcare are all required to promote successful transitions as people age, and to avoid unwanted/inappropriate transitions at points of crisis.ConclusionsMore research is needed to assess the types of services that this population can and do access as they age, the quality of those services, and the extent to which local commissioners are planning ahead for people with intellectual disabilities and behaviours that challenge others.
Atrial fibrillation: Epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical complications (literature review)
Authors: Bizhanov Kenzhebek A. , Аbzaliyev Kuat B. , Baimbetov Adil K. , Sarsenbayeva Akmoldir B. , Lyan Evgeny 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe last three decades have been characterized by an exponential increase in knowledge and advances in the clinical management of atrial fibrillation. The purpose of the study is to provide an overview of the pathogenesis of nonvalvular atrial fibrillation and a comprehensive investigation of the epidemiological data associated with various risk factors for atrial fibrillation. The leading research methods are analysis and synthesis, comparison, observation, induction and deduction, and grouping method. Research has shown that old age, male gender, and European descent are important risk factors for developing atrial fibrillation. Other modifiable risk factors include a sedentary lifestyle, smoking, obesity, diabetes mellitus, obstructive sleep apnea, and high blood pressure predisposing to atrial fibrillation, and each has been shown to induce structural and electrical atrial remodeling. Both heart failure and myocardial infarction increase the risk of developing atrial fibrillation and vice versa creating feedback that increases mortality. The review is a comprehensive study of the epidemiological data linking nonmodifiable and modifiable risk factors for atrial fibrillation, and the pathophysiological data supporting the relationship between each risk factor and the occurrence of atrial fibrillation. This may be necessary for the practice of the treatment of the cardiac system.