bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genomic and clinicopathological features of lung adenocarcinomas with micropapillary component
Authors: Li Peng , Liu Lu , Wang Dong , Yang Ronghua , Xuan Yunpeng , Han Yudong , Wang Jinglong , Guo Lijie , Zhang Liwen , Zhang Shanshan , Wang Yongjie 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundLung adenocarcinoma (LA) with a micropapillary component (LAMPC) is a histological subtype of lung cancer that has received increasing attention due to its correlation with poor prognosis, and its tendency to recur and metastasize. At present, comprehensive genomic profiles and clinicopathological features for LAMPC remain unclear and require further investigation.MethodsFrom September 2009 to October 2020, a total of 465 LAMPC patients were recruited and divided into four groups according to MPC proportions, and the correlations between varying proportions of MPCs and clinicopathological characteristics were analyzed. Twenty-nine (29) LAMPC patients and 89 LA patients without MPC (non-MPC) that had undergone NGS testing were selected for further study The comprehensively analyze genomic variations and the difference between LAMPC and MPC were determined. In addition, Gene alterations of LAMPC between Chinese and Western populations were also compared using cBioPortal data.ResultsA higher proportion of MPCs, associated with higher tumor stage, pleural invasion, and vascular tumor thrombus formation, was determined in LA patients. Compared to non-MPC patients, LAMPC patients were determined to have a lower frequency of single nucleotide variants and a higher frequency of insertion-deletion mutations. Mutations in TP53, CTNNB1, and SMAD4, and ALK rearrangements/fusions were significantly more frequent in LAMPC patients. ERBB2 mutations were only detected in non-MPC patients. Gene mutations in the Wnt pathway were significantly more common in LAMPC patients as compared to non-MPC patients. ALK fusions were more prevalent in younger patients. Patients with KRAS or LBP1B mutations had significantly larger tumor diameters than patients with wild-type KRAS or LBP1B. Patients with KRAS mutations were more likely to develop vascular tumor thrombus. Using the cBioPortal public database, we determined that mutations in EGFR were significantly higher in Chinese patients than in a Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) Western cohort. ALK fusions were exclusively detected in the Chinese cohort, while mutations in KEAP1 and NOTCH4 were only detected in the MSKCC cohort. Our analysis of signaling pathways revealed that Wnt pathway gene mutations were significantly higher in the Chinese cohort.ConclusionLA patients with higher proportions of MPCs were determined to have a higher tumor stage, pleural invasion, and vascular tumor thrombosis formation. We comprehensively analyzed the genomic mutation characteristics of LAMPC patients and identified multiple, novel MPC-related gene alterations and pathway changes. Our data provide further understanding of the nature of the LAMPC and potential drug-targeted gene alterations, which may lead to new therapeutic strategies.
Probiotic prophylaxis to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia in children on mechanical ventilation: A randomized double-blind clinical trial
Authors: Roshanzamiri Soheil , Alemzadeh Maryam , Ahmadizadeh Seyyedeh Narjes , Behzad Azita , Hashemi Seyyedeh Masumeh , Salamzadeh Jamshid , Mirrahimi Bahador 
Published: November 2022

PurposeVentilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP) is one of the most common nosocomial infections in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU). Using new strategies to prevent nosocomial infections is crucial to avoid antibiotic resistance. One of these strategies is the utilization of probiotics. This study aims to investigate the efficacy of probiotic prophylaxis in preventing VAP in mechanically ventilated children.MethodThis study was a randomized, double-blind clinical trial. The study included 72 children under 12 years of age under mechanical ventilation for more than 48 h in the Mofid Children's Hospital. Patients were randomly divided into Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 probiotic recipients (n = 38) and placebo groups (n = 34). In addition to the standard treatment, both groups received a sachet containing probiotics or a placebo twice a day. Children were screened for VAP based on clinical and laboratory evidence.ResultsThe mean age of children in the intervention and placebo groups was 4.60 ± 4.84 and 3.38 ± 3.49 years, respectively. After adjusting the other variables, it was observed that chance of VAP among probiotics compared to the placebo group was significantly decreased (OR adjusted = 0.29; 95% CI: 0.09–0.95). Also, probiotic was associated with a significantly lower chance of diarrhea than the placebo group (OR adjusted = 0.09; 95% CI: 0.01–0.96).ConclusionProbiotic utilization is effective in preventing the incidence of VAP and diarrhea in children under mechanical ventilation in the PICU.
Characteristics of Allan-Herndon-Dudley Syndrome in Chinese children: Identification of two novel pathogenic variants of the SLC16A2 gene
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Yang Qi , Zhou Xunzhao , Qin Zailong , Yi Shang , Luo Jingsi 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to identify causative variants associated with Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome (AHDS) in two unrelated Chinese families, and to determine their potential pathogenicity. We also summarized the core clinical symptoms of AHDS by reviewing the related literature.MethodsGenomic DNA was isolated from the peripheral blood of AHDS patients and their family members. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed on the proband from each family to identify the candidate variants. Subsequently, Sanger sequencing was used to verify the identified candidate variants and to assess co-segregation among the available family members. In silico prediction combined with 3D protein modeling was conducted to predict the functional effects of the variants on the encoded protein.ResultsTwo novel hemizygous variants of SLC16A2, c.1111_1112insGTCTTGT (Gly375fs*6) and c.942delA (Val315fs*28), were detected in two patients. We compared the clinical symptoms of the patients with all patients with AHDS reported in China and those reported in the literature. While both our patients presented symptoms mostly consistent with AHDS, Patient 1 had no abnormal brain structure and thyroid function, and yet showed other symptoms including lactic aciduria, conjunctival hyperemia, vomiting, laryngeal stridor, low immunoglobulin and iron levels.ConclusionsThis study expands the mutation spectrum of AHDS and has clinical value for variant-based prenatal and postnatal screening for this condition. Doctors often have difficulty identifying AHDS by using clinical symptoms. WES can help to identify specific disorder when diagnosis cannot be made based on symptoms alone.
Clinical characteristics of children with omicron SARS-CoV-2 infection in Changchun, China from march to april 2022: A retrospective study
Authors: Li Yan-chun , Ma Zhen , Zhong Hua-ying , You Hai-long 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundRecently, there was an outbreak in China of the Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant, the corresponding clinical characteristics of Chinese children with the Omicron variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection were then reviewed and summarized retrospectively.MethodsFrom March to April 2022, a total of 134 children infected with the Omicron variant were included in the study. Data such as sex, age, clinical symptoms, laboratory examinations, and imaging features were collected for further analyses.ResultsHalf of the children were male and the median age was 5.67 years. The most SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant was identified in mild (122, 91%), and the most three frequent symptoms were as cough (108, 80.6%), fever (75, 56%), and sore throat (38, 28.4%). Among age groups, no significant difference was observed in the distribution of symptoms, and no statistical difference was found in different clinical types among sex or age groups. Laboratory examinations revealed that white blood cells, neutrophils, and hemoglobin decreased; and monocytes, C-reactive protein (CRP), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) increased. Further analyses showed that neutrophils, hemoglobin, CRP, and AST exhibited significant differences among age groups. Radiological abnormalities were found in nine cases, with small patchy high-density shadows. Of the 76 cured cases discharged from the hospital, the median hospital stay was 13 days (mean, 12 days).ConclusionsIn China, most children with Omicron SARS-CoV-2 infection have mild presentation. The findings of this study may help other districts improve the management of children with Omicron SARS-CoV-2 infection in China.
Effects of low temperature on flowering and the expression of related genes in Loropetalum chinense var. rubrum
Authors: Zhang Damao , Chen Qianru , Zhang Xia , Lin Ling , Cai Ming , Cai Wenqi , Liu Yang , Xiang Lili , Sun Ming , Yu Xiaoying , Li Yanlin 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionLoropetalum chinense var. rubrum blooms 2-3 times a year, among which the autumn flowering period has great potential for exploitation, but the number of flowers in the autumn flowering period is much smaller than that in the spring flowering period.MethodsUsing ‘Hei Zhenzhu’ and ‘Xiangnong Xiangyun’ as experimental materials, the winter growth environment of L. chinense var. rubrum in Changsha, Hunan Province was simulated by setting a low temperature of 6-10°C in an artificial climate chamber to investigate the effect of winter low temperature on the flowering traits and related gene expression of L. chinense var. rubrum.ResultsThe results showed that after 45 days of low temperature culture and a subsequent period of 25°C greenhouse culture, flower buds and flowers started to appear on days 24 and 33 of 25°C greenhouse culture for ‘Hei Zhenzhu’, and flower buds and flowers started to appear on days 21 and 33 of 25°C greenhouse culture for ‘Xiangnong Xiangyun’. The absolute growth rate of buds showed a ‘Up-Down’ pattern during the 7-28 days of low temperature culture; the chlorophyll fluorescence decay rate (Rfd) of both materials showed a ‘Down-Up-Down’ pattern during this period. The non-photochemical quenching coefficient (NPQ) showed the same trend as Rfd, and the photochemical quenching coefficient (QP) fluctuated above and below 0.05. The expression of AP1 and FT similar genes of L. chinense var. rubrum gradually increased after the beginning of low temperature culture, reaching the highest expression on day 14 and day 28, respectively, and the expression of both in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group. The expressions of FLC, SVP and TFL1 similar genes all decreased gradually with low temperature culture, among which the expressions of FLC similar genes and TFL1 similar genes in the experimental group were extremely significantly lower than those in the control group; in the experimental group, the expressions of GA3 similar genes were all extremely significantly higher than those in the control group, and the expressions all increased with the increase of low temperature culture time.DiscussionWe found that the high expression of gibberellin genes may play an important role in the process of low temperature promotion of L. chinense var. rubrum flowering, and in the future, it may be possible to regulate L. chinense var. rubrum flowering by simply spraying exogenous gibberellin instead of the promotion effect of low temperature.
Effect of virtual group EcoMeditation on psychological conditions and flow states
Authors: Church Dawson , Stapleton Peta , Gosatti Donna , O’Keefe Tom 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundA plethora of literature has delineated the therapeutic benefits of meditation practice on psychological functioning. A novel meditative practice, EcoMeditation, includes elements of four evidence-based techniques: The Quick Coherence Technique for regulating heart rate variability (HRV), Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT), mindfulness, and neurofeedback.ObjectivesChanges in psychological symptoms, including anxiety, depression, posttraumatic stress, pain, and happiness were measured following a one-day virtual EcoMeditation training workshop. The current study extended on previous literature by adding measures of transcendent experiences and flow states.MethodsParticipants were drawn from a convenience sample of 151 participants (130 female, 21 male) aged between 26 to 71 years (M = 45.1,SD = 9.19) attending a one-day virtual EcoMeditation workshop. They were assessed pre-workshop, post-workshop, and at 3-months follow-up.ResultsPost-workshop results (N = 111) indicated a significant reduction in anxiety (−42.3%,p &lt; 0.001), depression (−37.5%,p &lt; 0.001), posttraumatic stress (−13.0%,p &lt; 0.001), and pain (−63.2%,p &lt; 0.001) Likert mean scores when compared to pre-workshop. There was also a significant increase in happiness (+111.1%,p &lt; 0.001), flow states (+17.4%,p &lt; 0.001), and transcendent experiences (+18.5%,p &lt; 0.001). At 3-months follow-up, a one-way repeated measures ANOVA (N = 72) found significant decreases in anxiety, depression, and pain symptoms between pre-test and post-test, as well between pre-test and follow-up. Flow, happiness, and transcendent experiences increased significantly between pre-test and post-test, as well as between pre-test and follow-up, with over 71% of participants experiencing clinically significant improvements. Significant reductions in posttraumatic stress and depression symptoms between pre-test and follow-up were also noted.ConclusionEcoMeditation is associated with significant improvements in psychological conditions such as anxiety, depression, pain, and posttraumatic stress. EcoMeditation was also shown to enhance flow states and transcendent experiences. The benefits identified were similar to those found in the existing literature and provide support for the use of EcoMeditation as an effective stress reduction method that improves psychological symptoms and enhances transcendent states.
The schizophrenia and gut microbiota: A bibliometric and visual analysis
Authors: Yang Chao , Lin Xiaoxiao , Wang Xianteng , Liu Huanzhong , Huang Jinyu , Wang Shuai 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundMany studies have explored the link between the gut microbiota and schizophrenia. To date, there have been no bibliometric analyses to summarize the association between the gut microbiota and schizophrenia. We aimed to conduct a bibliometric study of this association to determine the current status and areas for advancement in this field.Materials and methodsPublications related to the gut microbiota and schizophrenia were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). The WoSCC literature analysis wire and VOSviewer 1.6.16 were used to conduct the analysis.ResultsIn total, 162 publications were included in our study. The publications generally showed an upward trend from 2014. A total of 873 authors from 355 organizations and 40 countries/regions contributed to this field. The leading authors were Timothy Dinan, John F Cryan, and Emily Severance. The leading institutions were Johns Hopkins University, the University College Cork, and the University of Toronto. The most productive countries were the United States (US), China, and Canada. In total, 95 journals contributed to this field. Among them, the top three productive journals were Schizophrenia Research, Progress in Neuro Psychopharmacology Biological Psychiatry, and Frontiers in Psychiatry. The important keywords in the clusters were gut microbiome, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, antipsychotics, weight gain, metabolic syndrome, gut-brain axis, autism, depression, inflammation, and brain.ConclusionThe main research hotspots involving the connection between schizophrenia and the gut microbiota were the characteristics of the microbiota composition in schizophrenia patients, the gut-brain axis, and microbial-based interventions for schizophrenia. The studies about the association between gut microbiota and schizophrenia are limited, and more studies are needed to provide new insights into the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis and treatment of schizophrenia.
Knowledge of cataracts and eye care utilization among adults aged 50 and above in rural Western China
Authors: Du Kang , Guan Hongyu , Zhang Yunyun , Ding Yuxiu , Wang Decai 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundCataracts are highly prevalent in rural China, but patient utilization of eye care services is low. Cataract knowledge is regarded as an important factor in eye care utilization. Few studies, however, have been conducted to measure the level of cataract knowledge and its relationship with eye care utilization among older adults in rural China. Hence, we described cataract knowledge and investigated the relationships between cataract knowledge and eye care utilization among adults (≥50 years) in rural Western China.MethodsA large community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from October to December 2020 among adults aged 50 years and older in 73 rural villages in Qingcheng County, Western China. The participants underwent an eye examination at their village clinic to determine whether they had cataracts. Participants also answered a questionnaire about cataracts, eye care utilization status, and sociodemographic characteristics. The collected data underwent descriptive and multiple logistic regression analyses.ResultsThe eye examinations revealed that 45.15% (675/1,495) of participants had cataracts in at least one eye, yet 90.67% (612/675) were left untreated. The average score achieved by participants about cataract knowledge was 4.91 points (total score was eight points). Correct knowledge about cataracts was positively associated with cataract screening and cataract surgery. Elders with better cataract knowledge were 2.21 times more likely to undergo cataract screening (OR, 2.21; 95% CI, 1.54–3.16) and 5.61 times more likely to undergo cataract surgery (OR, 5.61; 95% CI, 2.87–10.98). More than half had three fundamental misconceptions about how cataracts should be treated, how much they should cost, and when they should be treated. Participants who did not have these misconceptions were more likely to receive cataract screening by 1.21–2.02 times and cataract surgery by 1.76–3.48 times.ConclusionThere are misunderstandings about cataract treatment methods, treatment costs and timing in the sample areas. A better understanding of cataracts was significantly positively associated with cataract screening and cataract surgery. Health education on cataracts and regular eye examinations are needed to improve eye care utilization in rural China.
A 12-month projection to September 2022 of the COVID-19 epidemic in the UK using a dynamic causal model
Authors: Bowie Cam , Friston Karl 
Published: November 2022

ObjectivesPredicting the future UK COVID-19 epidemic allows other countries to compare their epidemic with one unfolding without public health measures except a vaccine program.MethodsA Dynamic Causal Model was used to estimate key model parameters of the UK epidemic, such as vaccine effectiveness and increased transmissibility of Alpha and Delta variants, the effectiveness of the vaccine program roll-out and changes in contact rates. The model predicts the future trends in infections, long-COVID, hospital admissions and deaths.ResultsTwo-dose vaccination given to 66% of the UK population prevents transmission following infection by 44%, serious illness by 86% and death by 93%. Despite this, with no other public health measures used, cases will increase from 37 million to 61 million, hospital admissions from 536,000 to 684,000 and deaths from 136,000 to 142,000 over 12 months. A retrospective analysis (conducted after the original submission of this report) allowed a comparison of these predictions of morbidity and mortality with actual outcomes.ConclusionVaccination alone will not control the epidemic. Relaxation of mitigating public health measures carries several risks, which include overwhelming the health services, the creation of vaccine resistant variants and the economic cost of huge numbers of acute and chronic cases.
Case Report: Metastatic renal cell carcinoma to the thyroid— A rare encounter
Authors: Shepherd Megan , Lohmann Justin , Nodit Laurentia , Vaghaiwalla Tanaz , Mancini Matthew 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundRenal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for approximately 4% of new adult cancers. By fine needle aspiration, identification of metastatic RCC to thyroid is challenging; therefore, surgical resection is indicated for definitive characterization. Our report surveys metastatic RCC to thyroid in our hospital.MethodsTwenty years retrospective review of electronic records in our institution identified five patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma to the thyroid. We analyzed patient charts and pathology reports to evaluate clinical parameters and therapy.ResultsIn all cases, the original RCC was of clear cell type. Pathologic tumor stage ranged from pT1a to pT3a, Fuhrman nuclear grade varied from 2 to 4 and angiolymphatic invasion was noted in one case. In three patients, RCC in the thyroid occurred as an oligometastasis with no evidence of disease in the nephrectomy bed or other parts of the body. In two patients, concomitant recurrent RCC and metastases to liver, lung, brain and chest wall were documented. The thyroid metastases were found approximately 10 years after completion of nephrectomy with a range of 0–21 years. Three thyroid fine needle aspirations correctly identified the disease, one was negative, and one was classified as atypical cells present, suspicious for RCC.ConclusionThe thyroid gland is an uncommon location for RCC metastasis and can appear across a wide range of initial stages and grades of the disease. Thyroid metastases occurred as late as 21 years from the initial tumor resection. Increased awareness and a high index of suspicion are needed to detect metastasis, as they can be found in atypical locations and mimic primary disease.
A Trend Analysis of Adherence to the Muscle Strengthening Exercise Guidelines in US Adolescents
Authors: Chen Sitong , Yan Jin , Zhao Yaping 
Published: November 2022

Objectives: This study aimed to describe the trends of the muscle-strengthening exercise (MSE) guidelines adherence in adolescents and factors associated with the adherence.Methods: Using the Youth Risk Behavioural Survey data, this study assessed the trends of adhering to the MSE guidelines in adolescents. The survey-year-based trends of MSE guidelines adherence was assessed with logistic regression. Binary logistic regression was used to identify the correlates (i.e., sex, grade, race/ethnicity) of the guidelines’ adherence.Results: 73,074 study participants (female = 36,497, male = 36,108; mean age = 16.04 years) were included for analysis. An overall declining trend of the MSE guidelines in adolescents was found (55.6% in 2011 → 49.5% in 2019, p &lt; 0.001), and similar trends were observed in both sexes. The declining trends varied by sociodemographic factors (e.g., grade). Boys and younger adolescents were more likely to adhere to the MSE guidelines.Conclusion: The declining trend of adhering to MSE guidelines in US adolescents would be a health concern in this population. Girls and older adolescents should be targeted as intervention priorities.