bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multisensory Representation of Air Pollution in Virtual Reality: Lessons from Visual Representation
Authors: Pochwatko Grzegorz , Świdrak Justyna , Kopeć Wiesław , Jȩdrzejewski Zbigniew , Feledyn Agata , Vogt Matthias , Castell Nuria , Zagórska Katarzyna 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe world is facing the problem of anthropogenic climate change and air pollution. Despite many years of development, already established methods of influencing behaviour remain ineffective. The effect of such interventions is very often a declaration of behaviour change that is not followed by actual action. Moreover, despite intensive information campaigns, many people still do not have adequate knowledge on the subject, are not aware of the problem or, worse, deny its existence. Previous attempts to introduce real change were based on providing information, persuasion or visualisation. We propose the use of multi-sensory virtual reality to investigate the problem more thoroughly and then design appropriate solutions. In this paper, we introduce a new immersive virtual environment that combines free exploration with a high level of experimental control, physiological and behavioural measures. It was created on the basis of transdisciplinary scientific cooperation, participatory design and research. We used the unique features of virtual environments to reverse and expand the idea of pollution pods by Pinsky. Instead of closing participants in small domes filled with chemical substances imitating pollution, we made it possible for them to freely explore an open environment - admiring the panorama of a small town from the observation deck located on a nearby hill. Virtual reality technology enables the manipulation of representations of air pollution, the sensory modalities with which they are transmitted (visual, auditory, tactile and smell stimuli) and their intensity. Participants’ reactions from the initial tests of the application showed that it is a promising solution. We present the possibilities of applying the new solution in psychological research and its further design and development opportunities in collaboration with communities and other stakeholders in the spirit of citizen science.
Folk Plant Names Are Condensed Forms of Traditional Knowledge: Case Study with the Urang Kanekes of Banten, Indonesia
Authors: Hidayati Syafitri , Franco F. Merlin , Suhaimi Aznah 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA new wave of research emerging in the last two decades has turned the focus of linguistic ethnobiology on folk names used by local communities to denote biota. Studies have used traditional knowledge or linguistic approaches to unravel the elaborate body of knowledge used to generate folk names and link them to their appropriate denotatum. In this chapter, we present the folk food plant names of the Kanekes community of Banten Indonesia, classifying them into barefaced or cryptic based on apparency of Traditional Knowledge (TK) encoded in them. Barefaced folk names are self-explanatory names where the TK on the salient feature of the respective taxa is apparent. Cryptic names are those with TK either not readily comprehensible, or those containing TK on multiple taxa/entities. We found the 294 food plant names recorded by us encoding traditional knowledge related to morphology (161), ecology (45), utility (39), and quality (49) of the taxa. The majority of the names documented (172 names) are cryptic (111 metaphors, 53 metonyms, and 08 portmanteaus), while the rest are barefaced (122 names). Our study shows that cryptic names possess a remarkable ability to encode traditional knowledge on multiple taxa/entities. When folk names are lost or replaced, the traditional knowledge encoded by them is also lost. Researchers and practitioners working with local communities should therefore consider the potential of folk names as condensed forms of traditional knowledge.
Cluster analysis of extracellular matrix biomarkers predicts the development of impaired systolic function within 1 year of acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Brunton-O’Sullivan Morgane M. , Holley Ana S. , Shi Bijia , Harding Scott A. , Larsen Peter D. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe clinical utility of combining extracellular matrix (ECM) biomarkers to predict the development of impaired systolic function following acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains largely undetermined. A combination of ELISA and multiplexing assays were performed to measure matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-3, MMP-8, MMP-9, periostin, N-terminal type I procollagen (PINP) and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) in plasma samples from 120 AMI patients. All patients had an echocardiogram within 1 year of AMI, and were divided into impaired (n = 37, LVEF < 50%) and preserved (n = 83, LVEF ≥ 50%) systolic function groups. Exploratory factor analysis was performed on log-transformed biomarkers using principle axis analysis with Oblimin rotation. Cluster analysis was performed on log-transformed and normalised biomarkers using Ward’s method of minimum variance and the squared Euclidean distance metric. Upon univariate analysis, current smoking, prescription of ACE inhibitors at discharge, peak hsTnT > 610 ng/L (median), MMP-8 levels, Factor 1 scores and Cluster One assignment were predictive of impaired systolic function. Upon multivariate analysis, Cluster One assignment (odds ratio [95% CI], 2.74 [1.04–7.23], p = 0.04) remained an independent predictor of systolic dysfunction in combination with clinical variables. These observations support the usefulness of combining ECM biomarkers using cluster analysis for predicting the development of impaired systolic function in AMI patients.
A Formalization of SQL with Nulls
Authors: Ricciotti Wilmer , Cheney James 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSQL is the world’s most popular declarative language, forming the basis of the multi-billion-dollar database industry. Although SQL has been standardized, the full standard is based on ambiguous natural language rather than formal specification. Commercial SQL implementations interpret the standard in different ways, so that, given the same input data, the same query can yield different results depending on the SQL system it is run on. Even for a particular system, mechanically checked formalization of all widely-used features of SQL remains an open problem. The lack of a well-understood formal semantics makes it very difficult to validate the soundness of database implementations. Although formal semantics for fragments of SQL were designed in the past, they usually did not support set and bag operations, lateral joins, nested subqueries, and, crucially, null values. Null values complicate SQL’s semantics in profound ways analogous to null pointers or side-effects in other programming languages. Since certain SQL queries are equivalent in the absence of null values, but produce different results when applied to tables containing incomplete data, semantics which ignore null values are able to prove query equivalences that are unsound in realistic databases. A formal semantics of SQL supporting all the aforementioned features was only proposed recently. In this paper, we report about our mechanization of SQL semantics covering set/bag operations, lateral joins, nested subqueries, and nulls, written in the Coq proof assistant, and describe the validation of key metatheoretic properties. Additionally, we are able to use the same framework to formalize the semantics of a flat relational calculus (with null values), and show a certified translation of its normal forms into SQL.
Molecular Circuit Discovery for Mechanobiology of Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Yu Xinren , Doyle Adele 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Cardiovascular diseases, the world’s leading cause of death, are linked to changes in tissue mechanical and material properties that affect the signaling of cells in the damaged tissue. It is hard to predict the effect of altered physical cues on cell signaling though, due to the large number of molecules potentially involved. Our goal is to identify genes and molecular networks that mediate cellular response to cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular-related forces.

Methods
We used custom computer code, statistics, and bioinformatics tools to meta-analyze PubMed-indexed citations for mentions of genes and proteins.

Results
We identified the names and frequencies of genes studied in the context of mechanical cues (shear, strain, stiffness, and pressure) and major diseases (stroke, myocardial infarction, peripheral arterial disease, deep vein thrombosis). Using statistical and bioinformatics analyses of these biomolecules, we identified the cellular functions and molecular gene sets linked to cardiovascular diseases, biophysical cues, and the overlap between these topics. These gene sets formed independent molecular circuits that each related to different biological processes, including inflammation and extracellular matrix remodeling.

Conclusion
Computational analysis of cardiovascular and mechanobiology publication data can be used for discovery of evidence-based, data-rich gene networks suitable for future systems biology modeling of mechanosignaling.
Constraints on Future Analysis Metadata Systems in High Energy Physics
Authors: Khoo T. J. , Reinsvold Hall A. , Skidmore N. , Alderweireldt S. , Anders J. , Burr C. , Buttinger W. , David P. , Gouskos L. , Gray L. , Hageböck S. , Krasznahorkay A. , Laycock P. , Lister A. , Marshall Z. , Meyer A. B. , Novak T. , Rappoccio S. , Ritter M. , Rodrigues E. , Rumsevicius J. , Sexton-Kennedy L. , Smith N. , Stewart G. A. , Wertz S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn high energy physics (HEP), analysis metadata comes in many forms—from theoretical cross-sections, to calibration corrections, to details about file processing. Correctly applying metadata is a crucial and often time-consuming step in an analysis, but designing analysis metadata systems has historically received little direct attention. Among other considerations, an ideal metadata tool should be easy to use by new analysers, should scale to large data volumes and diverse processing paradigms, and should enable future analysis reinterpretation. This document, which is the product of community discussions organised by the HEP Software Foundation, categorises types of metadata by scope and format and gives examples of current metadata solutions. Important design considerations for metadata systems, including sociological factors, analysis preservation efforts, and technical factors, are discussed. A list of best practices and technical requirements for future analysis metadata systems is presented. These best practices could guide the development of a future cross-experimental effort for analysis metadata tools.
Cabinet Reshuffles and Parliamentary No-Confidence Motions
Authors: Fleming Thomas G. , González-Bustamante Bastián , Schleiter Petra 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHow do cabinet reshuffles affect the parliamentary opposition's use of no-confidence motions in the government? Opposition parties employ no-confidence motions as electoral signals to highlight government incompetence and to position themselves as a government in waiting. We argue that cabinet reshuffles – which prime ministers use to respond to policy failures, scandals, poor ministerial performance and disloyalty – present an opportunity for the opposition to deploy no-confidence motions to this end. The incentives to deploy this strategy, however, are contingent on the nature of the party system and are greatest where party-system concentration positions a single opposition party as the alternative to the government and sole beneficiary of a no-confidence vote. We test this expectation using a multilevel modelling approach applied to data on reshuffles in 316 governments and 16 parliamentary democracies, and find support for our expectation: cabinet reshuffles raise the probability of no-confidence motions conditional on party-system concentration.
United States: Protecting Commercial Speech under the First Amendment
Authors: Pomeranz Jennifer L. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe First Amendment to the US Constitution protects commercial speech from government interference. Commercial speech has been defined by the US Supreme Court as speech that proposes a commercial transaction, such as marketing and labeling. Companies that produce products associated with public health harms, such as alcohol, tobacco, and food, thus have a constitutional right to market these products to consumers. This article will examine the evolution of US law related to the protection of commercial speech, often at the expense of public health. It will then identify outstanding questions related to the commercial speech doctrine and the few remaining avenues available in the United States to regulate commercial speech including the use of government speech and addressing deceptive and misleading commercial speech.
Public Health Protection vs. Freedom of Commercial Expression in the Commonwealth Caribbean: The Case of Barbados and Jamaica
Authors: Lake Shajoe J. , Benjamin Kimberley E. , Foster Nicole D. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis chapter explores the tension between public health protection and the freedom of commercial expression from a Commonwealth Caribbean perspective, using Barbados and Jamaica as case studies. First, it assesses the scope of the right to freedom of expression. Second, it discusses the extent to which public health protection may be invoked to restrict the right. The authors conclude that Commonwealth Caribbean states can justifiably restrict commercial speech about tobacco products and unhealthy food and beverages.
Robustness of the subsonic doublet lattice method
Authors: Zyl L. H. van 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe subsonic doublet lattice method (DLM) has been the industry standard method for the calculation of unsteady air loads for the past three decades. A recent comparison between the DLM and the subsonic constant pressure panel code ZONA6 suggested that the DLM lacked robustness. However, the DLM code used in the comparison was flawed and not representative of the DLM as such. Results from a contemporary DLM code are presented for the same test cases that were used in the misleading comparison. These new results show that the DLM can produce valid results for all the test cases considered. Where feasible, a comparison is made between results from the present DLM code and the published ZONA6 results.
The broad delta airliner
Authors: Denning R. M. , Allen J. E. , Armstrong F. W. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAeronautics faces new and increased challenges in the 21st century. These include climate change, long-term fuel supply, traffic congestion, and noise pollution. Radical technological steps will be demanded of the industry in order to maintain a sustainable transportation system.In setting out its ideas for a Sonic Cruiser, Boeing has recently acknowledged that there is a need to look beyond the high-aspect-ratio wing with separate fuselage and podded engine configuration, which it pioneered at the start of the Jet era.This paper sets out the case for the broad delta including its advantages as a basis for achieving higher transonic cruising speeds, with very long range and large payloads, while providing progressive and significantly improved environmental impact. The work is based on concept designs drawing on flight and weight data from the Vulcan bomber and the Concorde aircraft – both pioneering designs, by no means at the end of their technical potential.A broad delta is taken to mean an aircraft of aspect ratio in the range 2 to 4. Not only does such a planform have application to many sizes of airliner, cruising at various high subsonic speeds, but also it is inherently well suited to later application of laminar flow. Wing surfaces undisturbed by flaps and slots and unhampered by very thick wing skins, together with favourable engine inlet locations, could be a basis for improved overall aerodynamic efficiency.Airliners designed for operation in the region of Mach 1 are likely to pose more difficult problems for the aerodynamicist. Designs must cater for both cruise and maximum design speeds, which may encompass the Mach 1 condition.
The birth of flight control: An engineering analysis of the Wright brothers’ 1902 glider
Authors: Padfield G. D. , Lawrence B. 
Published: July 2022

SummaryIn the autumn of 1902 the Wright brothers spent just over eight weeks at their test site in the Kill Devil Hills near Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, testing their third Glider design. During the trial period they implemented an inter-linked roll-yaw control system. Together with the forward canard surface, this gave them control over vertical and horizontal components of the flight path. They were also able to hone and perfect their piloting skills. In just two days in the final week, they made about 250 glides. The success of the trials instilled the confidence in the Wright brothers to proceed rapidly to the construction of a powered aircraft. Within a month of returning to Dayton, they were writing to engine manufacturers with their specification – an engine that would develop eight to nine brake horse power, weigh no more than 180lb and be free from vibration; they would not find a suitable powerplant and had to design and build their own. The invention of the powered aeroplane in 1903 somewhat overshadows the earlier critical flight control developments, but the birth of flight control in 1902 opened the way for aviation to flourish. With the aid of modern flight science techniques – wind-tunnel testing, computational flight dynamics and piloted simulation, this paper examines the technology of the Wrights' 1902 glider. The research forms a part of the Liverpool Wright Project, aiming to bring to life the Wright brothers' achievements in this centenary period. Wilbur and Orville Wright are recognised by many as the first aeronautical engineers and test pilots. In so many ways they set standards that today's engineers and organisations benefit from. Their work in the period 1901 to 1902 reflects their genius and the paper reviews this work in detail, examining the design, aerodynamic characteristics and flying qualities of the aircraft that first featured a practical three-axis control system.
Aerospace applications of luminescent paint
Authors: Kingsley-Rowe J. R. , Lock G. D. , Davies A. G. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractLuminescent paints allow non-intrusive measurement of pressure and temperature at high spatial resolution without prior knowledge of the flow-field. Experiments have demonstrated that a ‘standard’ luminescent paint technique, developed by BAE Systems, can simultaneously measure steady pressure and temperature. This is achieved through knowledge of the paint phosphorescence lifetime rather than the absolute intensity, which increases the measurement accuracy. In addition, a new ‘fast’ paint has been calibrated at the University of Bath for the measurement of unsteady pressure using a variable frequency pulsing air jet. Pressure measurements were made with both paints in the wake of various excrescences, sized to produce vortex shedding in the frequency range 500–4,200Hz, in a transonic tunnel. The extent of the wakes was determined from a flow visualisation technique. Time-averaged measurements, using both luminescent paints, and transient measurements of the unsteady pressure field, made with the fast paint, were compared with transducer data. For all cases the luminescent paint data compared well with the conventional measurements and the Strouhal number agreed well with data from the literature. The use of luminescent paint for the simultaneous measurement of pressure and temperature over a NACA 0012 aerofoil, as well as the quantification of convective heat transfer is examined in Part 2.
Aircraft airworthiness certification standards for civil UAVs
Authors: Haddon D. R. , Whittaker C. J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe CAA has recognised the need to develop civil standards for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Accordingly the CAA Directorate of Airspace Policy has published the document ‘CAP 722 – Unmanned Air Vehicle Operation in UK Airspace – Guidance’, (which can be accessed via the CAA website — http://www.caa.co.uk/docs/33/CAP722.pdf). The document itemises the top-level military and civil regulations which impact upon the operation of UAVs in the UK. One of the items listed within the document is ‘Civil Certification’ of UAVs. This particular aspect is the responsibility of the Design and Production Standards Division, (D&PSD), of the CAA Safety Regulation Group. The purpose of this paper is to present and explain the current position of D&PSD regarding the appropriate design standards to be applied for the civil certification of the airworthiness of UAVs.This paper presents the CAA position that UAVs should be granted permission to fly by qualifying for certificates of airworthiness, by demonstration of compliance with defined airworthiness standards comparable to, and derived from, those applied to manned aircraft. The paper also presents a method for determining, to a first approximation, the level of airworthiness standards which should be applied to any particular design of UAV by reference to the existing codes of airworthiness requirements for manned aircraft.
Effects of sweep on the dynamics of active separation control
Authors: Pack L. G. , Seifert A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA series of active flow control experiments were recently conducted at high Reynolds numbers on a wall mounted ‘Hump’. The model simulates the upper surface of a 20% thick Glauert-Goldschmied type airfoil at zero incidence. The flow over the model is turbulent since the tunnel sidewall boundary-layer flows over it, eliminating laminar-turbulent transition from the problem. The main motivation for the experiments was to generate a comprehensive data base for validation of unsteady numerical simulation as a first step in the development of a design tool, without which it would not be possible to effectively utilise the great potential of unsteady flow control. This paper focuses on the dynamics of several key features of the baseline as well as the controlled two- and three-dimensional flows.It was found that the two-dimensional separated flow contains unsteady waves centered on a reduced frequency (Strouhal number based on the length of the separated region and free-stream velocity) of 0·8, while in the three-dimensional separated flow, reduced frequencies of 0·3 and 1·0 are active. Several scenarios of resonant wave interaction take place over the separated shear-layer and in the pressure recovery regions. The unstable reduced frequency bands for periodic excitation are centered on 1·5 and 5, but these reduced frequencies are based on the length of the baseline bubble that shortens due to the excitation. The conventional swept wing-scaling works well for the coherent wave features. Reproduction of these dynamic effects by a numerical simulation would provide benchmark validation.
A comparison of turning radii for four Battle
of Britain fighter aircraft
Authors: Ackroyd J. A. D. , Lamont P. J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPrompted by claims made in the popular aviation literature, analysis is used in an attempt to estimate the turning performance of certain fighter aircraft flown during the Battle of Britain. In this it is necessary to provide values for such aerodynamic quantities as the drag coefficient at zero lift and these are estimated from published flight data.