bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem Optimization for Bali and Nusa Tenggara Natural Gas Distribution
Authors: Prananda I M Gita , Pratiwi E , Dinariyana A A B , Artana K B 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Utilization of gas as an energy source has become a principal issue in recent years. The Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources of the Republic of Indonesia have a plan to guarantee national energy security and improve the national trade balance, as well as accelerate the use of gas in the electricity sector. The Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources issued a regulation to conduct the gasification process at 52 power plants in Indonesia through Ministerial Decree No. 13K of 2020. In this study, LNG distribution was designed using the Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP) method to minimize the transportation costs and optimal use of the fleet. The vehicles used have a limited capacity and can supply all demands at nine power plants in the Bali and Nusa Tenggara regions. In the distribution there is also have a Hub which purpose to reduce the distance travelled by a ship. The ships that will be used are Mini LNG-Carrier for the route from the LNG refinery to HUB, LCT ship for the route from HUB to each port near the power plant, and ISO Tank transport truck for the route from the port to the plant. The distribution uses four Vessel 1, and one LCT 300 vessel, with Hubs located in Benoa and Flores, and two Mini LNG-Carriers with a capacity of 15,600 m3 to Benoa and 10,000 m3 to Flores. The total cost for this scenario is US$ 51,398,568, with a minimum sales margin of US$ 2.5 per MMBTU.
Future perspective of the ship alternative fuels in Indonesia
Authors: Felayati F M , Semin  , Cahyono B , Prayogi U , Winarno A 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Ship operation has a huge demand due to the ability to achieve a low-cost operation with big cargo density worldwide. Meanwhile, the ship fuel is the highest cost of the operational spending thus increasing the fuel consumption efficiency is required. Alternative fuels have been proposed to achieve it over decades of research. Indonesia, as a maritime country, also encourages the shipowner to accept the alternative fuel application. However, apply a new type of fuel directly to the existing ships is very complicated. This study aims to contribute the future direction with the author’s perspective of the implementation of the alternative fuel in Indonesia. Gas fuel type is chosen as the main case on this point of view. There are several gas fuels that are evaluated based on the maturity level of the research study case, such as natural gas and hydrogen. Moreover, the possibility of gas fuel type implementation in Indonesia is also studied. In the last, the future of natural gas and hydrogen fuels is discussed.
Virtual Reality Based Application for Safety Training at Shipyards
Authors: Wahidi S I , Pribadi T W , Rajasa W S , Arif M S 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The implementation of safety training is conducted to provide knowledge on the importance of safety for its employees. However, the implementation of safety training requires many consumable things such as a lot of Portable Fire Extinguishers (PFE) that increase the operational cost and trigger the environmental pollution. This research aims to design a safety simulation based on VR (virtual reality) to provide an immersive experience for safety training and reduce the training costs. It was obtained that the application of VR technology requires two main devices namely HMD (Head-Mounted Display) and controller. Observations were conducted in the training of conventional safety and health at shipyards and training institutes. This research only simulates training on the use of PFE, fire drill, and risk observation on confined space from the ten topics of safety training based on observations that have been undertaken. Software such as Inventor, Microsoft Visual Studio, and Unity were used. After safety simulations was conducted, the result showed that safety training used VR can improve the work safety theory knowledge by 14.05%. Total cost of investment required for the development and equipment was IDR 24,043,667. The reduced cost of the safety training using VR was about IDR 193,889,154.88 or 68.13%.
Utilization of Augmented Reality for Introduction of a Ship Ballast System
Authors: Pitana Trika , Zaman Muhammad Badruz , Prastowo Hari , Priyanta Dwi , Siswantoro Nurhadi , Zakarias Muhammad Dzulfiqar 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In the field of education, virtual reality has major advantages for the transfer of knowledge faster than conventional approaches and allows businesses to provide their workers with an efficient training program. By offering step-by-step guidance to create particular tasks, the Augmented Reality technology will assist during the training process. The knowledge in the AR application is made omnipresent, allowing the worker to be able to obtain the instructions with less effort, understandable and effective, avoiding the faults in the operation of the real ballast system. The process begins by evaluating the current components of the ballast system to understand how to incorporate augmented reality technology to boost the performance of the process. The ballast system is then made into a 3D model, including the proportional dimension and exact position of each part of the ballast system as mounted, and the potential real-world scenario. The outcome of this work is called the application of Ballast Component AR. A testing process is carried out to determine whether the application of augmented reality is prepared for implementation and preliminarily checked during the development stage. The AR framework is fully run and checked by the use of Android smartphones or tablets in the process. To evaluate input from users of the AR application, a questionnaire is used with defined parameters regarding the performance and the usefulness of the application.
The Evaluation of Maturity Level on Heavy Equipment Maintenance Management According to ISO 55001:2014
Authors: Siswantoro Nurhadi , Priyanta Dwi , Gautama Steven , Zaman Muhammad Badrus , Pitana Trika , Prastowo Hari , Ratu Balqis F , Yulianto Ardi Nugroho 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
One of the challenges experienced by companies nowadays is keeping their value of assets which will affect the value of the companies. The companies need to provide certainty to the stakeholders from both internal and external perspectives. These things are important for companies that have a high and large value asset. PT. X is one of the shipping lines in Indonesia and with the large task of shipping companies, it has a large number and high value of assets. Heavy equipment is of the assets that have supported the company’s main business process in the loading-unloading process. By now, there has never been an asset management maturity level on PT. X. Therefore, an evaluation of measurement of the heavy equipment maintenance management system is conducted based on the guidelines of ISO 55001: 2014. The results of the assessment showed that the maturity level of heavy equipment management is 2.7 and there are 13 sub-optimal sub-clauses that need improvement by the company.
Analysis of Exhaust Gas Emissions on Dual Fuel Diesel Engine Single Cylinder Four-stroke with LPG-Diesel Oil
Authors: Iswantoro Adhi , Made Ariana I , Syuhri Muhammad 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Diesel engine is one of type of internal combustion engine that is applied in industry, including the maritime industry. The increasing use of diesel engines, has a effect on increasing emissions. Diesel engines emissions consist of SOx, NOx, HC, and others. To reduce the emissions, there are many method, one of them is using dual-fuel system. The alternative fuel can be used is Gas, which is easily available, namely LPG or liquefied petroleum gas. To supply LPG to combustion chamber, a converter-kit are needed to be install on diesel engine. There are several previous research that prove that LPG can be used as an alternative in a dual-fuel system and can reduce the emissions. One of them by Ma’amuri (2016) who designed a mechanical LPG-diesel oil as dual-fuel, using a membrane converter. Result of this research provide that good diesel engine performance. In this research, LPG-diesel oil as dual-fuel using converter kit based on ECU or electronic control unit, and then, analyze the diesel engine emissions with experimental method. The purpose of this research is to determine the emissions produced by LPG-diesel oil as dual-fuel with converter kit based ECU. After taking and analytical data, known that the NOx emission from dual fuel diesel engine using ECU-based converter kit is lower than NOx emission from conventional diesel engine with B30 diesel fuel with percentage is 25,61 % for 3ms opening duration of gas injector, 39,99 % for 4 ms opening duration of gas injector and 26,5 % for 5 ms opening duration of gas injector. The NOx emission of conventional diesel engine is 2,46 g/kWh.
Psychological wellbeing and sustainable development of coastal community: a literature review
Authors: Palupi L. S. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Nowadays wellbeing has been closely related to development. The knot was tied in the Sustainable Development Goals. Wellbeing has been acknowledged as the third goals that need to be achieve by all of the member state. Countries need to assure that they provide good health and wellbeing to its people including for the coastal communities. Albeit the important role of wellbeing on sustainable development is recognize, however the relationship between psychological wellbeing and sustainable development between coastal communities is not widely explore. Therefore, aim of this study is to analyse the link between psychological wellbeing and sustainable development of coastal communities using literature review method to assess what has been found in previous study that link psychological wellbeing and sustainable development in the context of coastal communities and what things that need to improve in the future to advance the understanding of the relationship between psychological wellbeing and sustainable development. It is found that the study of the relationship between psychological wellbeing and sustainable development of coastal communities is still limited. Furthermore, psychological wellbeing is still not yet considered in the development of coastal community measurement. Therefore, psychological wellbeing should be integrated in sustainable development of coastal community measurement tool.
The Effect of Trim on Stability and Seakeeping of Tanker, Container, and Bulk Carrier
Authors: Wen Poul , Fadillah Arif 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Stability and seakeeping are important factor that must be owned by a ship because it related to the safety of the ship, meanwhile the trim also affecting the ship operation. The study has a purpose to find out the impact of the trim to the stability and seaworthiness of the ship. The analysis is carried out on 3 types of ships, namely tankers, containers, and bulk carriers. A.N. Krylov method is using to calculate the stability, whereas the seakeeping is analysed by strip theory. Both of the results for stability and seakeeping are calculated by Maxsurf Software. Stability and seakeeping analysis was carried out when the ship is in even keel condition, trim by bow, and trim by stern in maximum and extreme condition. The results shows that the trim by stern of the ship can increased the ship stability rate by 0.5~5.4%. While the effect of trim on ship motions varies due to the differences characteristics of each ship. The results shows due to the trim impact by values of RAO’s, which some of ship motions have increased meanwhile for some ship motion have decreased of ship motion condition.
Load Flow Simulation of Radial Shipboard Network Structure with Direct Current Distribution Systems
Authors: Kusuma I R , Semin  , Zaman M B , Koenhardono ES 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The aim of this research is to investigate load flow of direct current distribution system on trimaran ferry ship. Radial Shipboard Network Structure with Direct Current Distribution Systems has been proposed in this research. Load flow simulation has been done by calculating electrical load calculation based on ship operation. Then, the one-line diagram of direct current distribution system is developed on electric power software. Simulation results show that direct current distribution system has been successfully implemented on hybrid powered trimaran Ship. In sailing conditions, the overall real power requirement is 20,201 MW and the reactive power is 7,757 Mvar. While the power distributed is 20,493 MW of real power and 7.816 Mvar of reactive power. In manoeuvring conditions, the actual power requirements are 21,251 MW and the reactive power is 8,16 Mvar and for power distributed is 21,573 MW of real power and 8,224 Mvar of reactive power. In loading and unloading conditions, the actual power requirements in this operating condition are 0.616 MW and the reactive power is 0.292 Mvar and for power distributed is 0,635 MW of real power and 0,296 Mvar of reactive power. In the condition of entering the port, the required power is 12.906 MW for real power and 4.969 MW for reactive power and for power distributed is 13,027 MW of real power and 4,994 Mvar of reactive power. The result showed that the concept direct current distribution system has been successfully developed in this research to combine diesel generators with marine renewable energy to make sure that the distributed power stay adequate all through operation.
Integrated ship recycling industrial estate design concept for Indonesia
Authors: Sunaryo  , Tjitrosoemarto Bagus A 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Since the implementation of the cabotage principle, the number of Indonesian flagged ships has been increasing significantly, due to the government’s incentive on importation tax for used ships. The fleet is dominated by old ships, which most of them will soon be sent for recycling. The ship recycling industry has a great opportunity for the economy of Indonesia, because of its contribution to the steel industry and job creation, but on the other hand it is also a very environmentally unfriendly industry. Currently there is no ship recycling yard complies with the requirements of international and national regulations, most of them are still implementing conventional method, and are not connected to the supporting industries. Based on these issues the study was aimed to design a concept of an integrated green and sustainable ship recycling industry estate, which has all necessary industries and facilities in it, and efficiently connected with each other. Block Plan program was used to optimize the arrangement. It is proposed that five ship recycling yards, large; medium; and smaller capacity, steel mill, waste treatment facility, electricity power plant, fresh water facility, training centre, workers accommodation, hospital, and bus terminal should be included in the estate.
Everyday Performance of Ship Officer: Qualitative Analysis based on Functional Resonance Analysis Method
Authors: Gde Manik Sukanegara Adhita I , Fuchi Masaki , Shoji Fujimoto , Konishi Tsukasa , Ino Anju 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Uncertainty in a complex socio-technical system, such as ship, is given. Yet, surprisingly, most of the ship operations were done without any significant problem. In this case, the ship officer as the operator plays an important role in maintaining ship safety. Human performance is unpredictable and varies on the condition. However, variation in human performance is more likely to produce acceptable outcomes than adverse outcomes. Therefore, this study aimed to determine how human variability performance in specific officers onboard contributes to successful ship operation. Evaluation of officer variability performance for establishing safety in everyday ship operation has been done using Functional Resonance Analysis Method (FRAM) in this study. FRAM is Safety-II based tool that provides concepts and models for safety analysis that use terms called function to describe system activities. An essential feature of FRAM is the mean that is necessary to explain the activity of a system in which the functions are mutually dependent. System activities are modeled in terms of how the system works to ensure that it performs systematically. Key functions of officer activities onboard are generated through observation in training ship Fukae-maru owned by Kobe University. As a result, FRAM could define how officer variability performance contributes to system propagation and create a safe ship operation.
Analysis of The Effect of Pitch Angle on Propeller Modification by Considering Wake Distribution on Propeller Performance
Authors: Suranto Maful , Made Ariana I , Baidowi Achmad 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The propeller is an important component of the ship’s propulsion system, and its design related to the safety and ship’s cost. The propeller is operated in an uneven flow field behind the ship so it has an important influence on the cavity, vibration and hydrodynamic performance. Therefore, optimization calculations are needed to get most economical in addition to meeting the provisions of the Energy Efficiency Design Index. Optimization software through polynomial regression values can be used for selecting propeller. However, when the propeller is installed on the hull, the Velocity Advance (Va) on the propeller will change from the distribution at the time of the open water test because of the shape of the hull. This reduces the performance of propeller. So it is necessary to calculate the engine propeller hull matching to get a match on each propulsion component. Blade element theory concept can be used in designing the propeller for the engine hull matching, with the hypothesis that if the pitch angle is greater than Va, cavitation will occur. This condition is not allowed and if the pitch angle is too small for Va, the thrust cannot be maximized against flow, then it must adjust to the Velocity Advance (Va) distribution on the ship’s hull, because increasing the thrust value will also increasing propeller’s relative rotative efficiency (ηR) and open water efficiency (ηO) and hull efficiency (ηH). This situation makes a proportional increase in the value of the propulsive coefficient. The simulations are carried out on the size of the model with a dual domain (single-hull) by turning the propeller while the ship is stationary and seeing the convergent speed generated by the ship. The simulation data that will be taken are propeller thrust and torque because these values are considered sufficient to compare the simulation results. It’s getting the thrust foil value that making model S_T, S_eta and S_KomL S_T model is done by looking at the highest thrust, S_eta model with highest efficiency method and on S_KomL with highest thrust and efficiency by looking at the streamlined model, the thrust and efficiency values are equal to or higher of the MP687. It is showed that open water efficiency value in the two modified models has decreased, namely S_T model of 0.341, S_KomL of 0.345 and S_eta of 0.301 with original MP687 model of 0.371. While the hull efficiency of S_T model has decreased to 1,449 and S_KomL model increased by 1,591 and S_eta model increased by 3.8 but in MP687 model was 1,526, and the relative rotate efficiency of S_T model increased to 1,096, S_KomL model also increased by 1,099 and also S_eta model of 1.08 which originally on the MP687 1,055 model. This will result in the Propulsive Coefficient (PC) value in S_T model of 0.543 with decreasing, S_KomL 0.604 and S_eta 1.25 with an increase from the original MP687 0.597
Implementing 3D Model LNG Tanker Ship Cargo Handling System Equipment for Training Using Augmented Reality
Authors: Herwisesa A , Zaman M B , Siswantoro N , Prastowo H , Pitana T , Priyanta D , Busse Wolfgang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The learning system of the vessel is very important for a marine engineer to understand the characteristic of machinery system. This can be conducted by looking at the block diagram and seeing the 3D picture or directly observing the system on a vessel in order to get a complete understanding. It is difficult to do direct observation due to safety regulations and company confidentiality, especially for LNG tanker ship. To overcome this restriction, this study will propose a 3D drawing for training that can represent the real operational condition of cargo handling system equipment of an LNG tanker vessel. Augmented Reality 3D is used to recreate the system and put necessary information about the object along with the 3D drawing. The augmented reality 3D object and information showing with the android application by scanning the object augmented reality marker. In this research, the user is satisfied with the experience and interface based on user data collected from the questionnaire method with aspect of attractiveness, uses ability, effectiveness, user interface experience, and measure the understanding about the application with questionnaire value measurement.
Short Circuit Analysis on AHTS Ship Due To Use of Closed Circuit Electrical System
Authors: Sarwito Sardono , Kusuma Indra Ranu , Kurniawan Adi , Prananda Juniarko 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Dynamic Positioning (DP) enables a ship to automatically maintain a vessel’s position and heading by using its own propellers and thrusters. The position can be kept optimally when the ship leans on the harbour with the assistance of the anchoring and mooring process. Under particular circumstances, when the ship is in the middle of the sea, both of the processes can’t be done optimally. To ensure the ships absolute position, the ship must have zero six degrees of motion: heave, sway, surge, roll, pitch and yaw, in which the vessel must be in absolute idle despite the wave effect. The DP is used to articulate wave force and against it by a work of mechanism and sensor in which prevents the ship’s standpoint deviates. The computer will proceed with the information, articulate a levelised thruster work, and avoid any degrees of motion from becoming non-zero. Ship equipped with this DP system generally uses split bus configuration in the electricity system, by allowing one load supplied by one independent generator to improve its reliability. However, this configuration was deficient with the efficient aspect and high emissions caused by the power supply. With the application of closed bus configuration electricity system, there is a high potential of excess current influx, which causes short circuit current. The analysis of how much short circuit current happened on the electricity system of AHTS ship is to revolve the short circuit current, and thus resulting in electrical system failure. Based on the analysis that has been done, the configuration electricity system with 1 generator supply power thruster and two diesel generator, also the load that used is two bow thruster and 60% shipload having short circuit based of the standard short circuit for low voltage electricity.