bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generation of inheritable A-to-G transitions using adenine base editing and NG-PAM Cas9 in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Tan Yi Yun , Liew Yin Yin , Castel Baptiste , Zhang Yizhong , Kim Sang-Tae , Chae Eunyoung 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCRISPR/Cas9 technology is an important tool for functional genomics and crop improvement. It can be used to generate mutations at precise positions in the genome. Base editors consist of deaminase components and Cas9 to specify the type of mutation, such as C-to-T (cytosine base editors) or A-to-G (adenine base editors) transition. Available adenine base editor vectors usually make use of canonical Cas9, which limits their use to 5’-NGG-3’ containing targets. We combined a relaxed variant of SpCas9 that uses 5’-NG-3’ containing targets with the adenine base editor containing TadA7.10 or TadA8e to make a set of vectors. By using a phenotype-based screen, we found that our vectors efficiently induce A-to-G somatic mutations in a 5’-NGG-3’ PAM context in Arabidopsis thaliana up to 81% efficiency. Such mutations are inheritable at the homozygous stage in T2. Among tested vectors, pECNUS4 (Addgene #184887), which carries TadA8e, showed highest efficiency at generating a stable A-to-G transition in a 5’-NGH-3’ PAM context in the gene DM3. Using this vector, we were able to recreate a naturally occurring allele of DM3 in two generations without the transgene. pECNUS4 is a new component of the CRISPR toolbox to be used for introducing desired adenine base transitions with an expanded target window for functional genomic research and trait improvement.
The influence of leadership styles and human resource management on educators' well-being in the light of three Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Gallego-Nicholls Jose Fernando , Pagán Esther , Sánchez-García Javier , Guijarro-García María 
Published: June 2022

PurposeThis paper analyzes the influence of leadership styles and human resource management (HRM) on teacher well-being and how these contribute to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 3: Good Health and Well-being, 4: Quality Education, and 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth. The analysis assesses the extent to which the well-being of schoolteachers is influenced by the human resource management and leadership style of the school management.Design/methodology/approachThe aim of this study is to determine how leadership by example, high communication leadership, human resource management and gender, influence two dimensions of teacher well-being, namely emotional and physical well-being. Gender was used as a moderating variable. The relationships between these variables are reflected in the hypotheses of this study. Linear regression analysis was used to test these hypotheses. The measurement scales were drawn from the literature. Data were obtained using non-probabilistic convenience sampling of 300 public and subsidized (concertado) high schools. To include large and medium-sized Spanish cities in the study, Madrid, Valencia, Malaga, and Murcia were selected. The final sample consisted of 315 high school teachers from 75 schools.FindingsThe results suggest that leadership by example and high communication leadership influence human resource management directly and positively. Human resource management, in turn, influences the physical and psychological well-being of schoolteachers.Originality/valueThis paper adds to the literature on leadership styles and human resource management by expanding the knowledge of factors influencing schoolteachers' well-being. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first article reporting a study on such factors in schools in Spain.
Effects of open climate on innovation radicality in SMEs: relevance of hidden innovation
Authors: Barba-Aragón María Isabel , Jimenez-Jimenez Daniel , Valle-Mestre Ledian 
Published: June 2022

PurposeOpen innovation is an issue that has aroused great interest in recent years. The need to create an environment that facilitates the creation of ideas is essential for the implementation of a series of changes in organizational practices and routines that lead to the launch of new products. However, due to the more behavioral nature and the lesser externalization of these changes introduced in the company's internal processes, how this process occurs has not been studied in depth. The objective of this study is to analyze the effect of an open innovation climate on both incremental and radical product innovation. Moreover, it specifically analyzes the mediating role played by hidden innovation in this relationship.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology used in this study was based on a survey of 213 Spanish SMEs, subsequently applying the structural equation methodology to contrast the results.FindingsThe results indicate that open innovation climate offers significant competitive advantages to SMEs. First, the open innovation climate in SMEs favorably influences product innovation (both incremental and radical). Secondly, it is observed that hidden innovations are essential to obtain product innovations. Finally, evidence of the mediating effect of hidden innovation has been obtained.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough the literature often focuses on visible innovation, materialized in product development, this study demonstrates the importance of other types of innovations that are necessary to launch new products. This is especially relevant for SMEs that, with limited resources, must be creative enough to involve their personnel in introducing changes that will lead to new products. This paper attempts to strengthen the previous literature on hidden innovation by contributing to the understanding of how SMEs improve their innovative processes. However, the study has the limitations derived from using a single informant to obtain data, using subjective-type scales and being a cross-sectional research.Practical implicationsManagers of SMEs involved in innovation processes should favor the creation of an open innovation climate and invest in organizational innovation. Governments should promote policies to support hidden and open innovation.Originality/valueThe main interest of this work is based on the importance of hidden innovation for the development of innovations. This study shows how organizations must make a series of organizational changes prior to the implementation of more visible innovations materialized in products. For this task, the creation of a favorable climate for the development of new ideas becomes a fundamental task. On the other hand, this study has focused on SMEs, which tend to have fewer means for the development of the right conditions for innovation and are often more neglected by scientific research.
Concerning the effect of radial thermal conductivity in a self-similar solution for rotating cone-disk systems
Authors: Shevchuk Igor V. 
Published: June 2022

Purpose
Thus, the purposes of this study are to study the limits of applicability of the self-similar solution to the problem of fluid flow, heat and mass transfer in conical gaps with small conicity angles, to substantiate the impossibility of using a self-similar formulation of the problem in the case of large conicity angles and to substantiate the absence of the need to take into account the radial thermal conductivity in the energy equation in its self-similar formulation for the conicity angles up to 4°.

Design/methodology/approach
In the present work, an in-depth and extended analysis of the features of fluid flow and heat transfer in a conical gap at small angles of conicity up to 4° is performed. The Couette-type flow arising, in this case, was modeled using a self-similar formulation of the problem. A detailed analysis of fluid flow calculations using a self-similar system of equations showed that they provide the best agreement with experiments than other known approaches. It is confirmed that the self-similar system of flow and heat transfer equations is applicable only to small angles of conicity up to 4°, whereas, at large angles of conicity, this approach becomes unreasonable and leads to significantly inaccurate results. The heat transfer process in a conical gap with small angles of conicity can be modeled using the self-similar energy equation in the boundary layer approximation. It was shown that taking into account the radial thermal conductivity in the self-similar energy equation at small conicity angles up to 4° leads to maximum deviations of the Nusselt number up to 1.5% compared with the energy equation in the boundary layer approximation without taking into account the radial thermal conductivity.

Findings
It is confirmed that the self-similar system of fluid flow equations is applicable only for small conicity angles up to 4°. The inclusion of radial thermal conductivity in the model unnecessarily complicates the mathematical formulation of the problem and at small conicity angles up to 4° leads to insignificant deviations of the Nusselt number (maximum 1.5%). Heat transfer in a conical gap with small conicity angles up to 4° can be modeled using the self-similar energy equation in the boundary layer approximation.

Originality/value
This paper investigates the question of the validity of taking into account the radial heat conduction in the energy equation.
Factors affecting online learning, stress and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Abdelwahed Nadia A. Abdelmegeed , Aldoghan Mohammed A. , Moustafa Mohamed A. , Soomro Bahadur Ali 
Published: June 2022

Purpose
This study investigated the factors affecting online learning (OL) and stress and anxiety (SaA) during the COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia.

Design/methodology/approach
This study used a quantitative study and a survey questionnaire to collect the cross-sectional data. The authors sent 500 survey questionnaires to the respondents of which 262 samples were returned. This represented a 52% response rate. Finally, this study used 260 valid samples to derive this study’s findings.

Findings
Through structure equation modelling analysis, this study’s findings demonstrate that lack of time and support, technical problems and lack of technical skills negatively affect OL. In addition, this study’s findings show that cost and access to internet has a significant effect on OL. Finally, this study’s findings show that among Saudi Arabian university students OL is the significant predictor of SaA.

Practical implications
This study’s findings offer university authorities meaningful ways to identify replacements for the usage of harmful devices to lessen psychological problems during the COVID-19 pandemic. By pointing out students’ significant challenges and barriers during OL, this study’s findings support the smooth and parallel running of OL. Such challenges cause deprivation and frustration among the students. Therefore, to some extent, it may be a violation of their human rights. In this way, this study’s findings demonstrate how to overcome these violations.

Originality/value
By exploring the significant challenges faced by Saudi Arabian university students, this study’s findings offer an original and empirical contribution to the literature.
Cultural distance and post-acquisition performance: the role of absorptive capacity
Authors: Moura Stephanie Tonn Goulart , Falaster Christian , Silva-Rêgo Bernardo 
Published: June 2022

PurposeCultural distance can be a challenge for internationalization. However, in some instances, it is possible that different cultures could represent a benefit for multinational enterprises (MNEs) from emerging contexts. Drawing on the knowledge-based view (KBV), the authors propose that greater cultural distances lead to benefits for multinationals seeking to absorb new knowledge overseas.Design/methodology/approachThe authors performed ordinary least squares regressions with moderation tests over a database containing 101 cross-border acquisitions to test the study’s hypotheses. The acquisitions were performed by Brazilian firms between 1995 and 2015, targeting 24 host countries.FindingsThe study’s results indicate that cultural distance positively affects the firm's post-acquisition performance and that absorptive capacity moderates these results, improving the positive effect. The study suggests that cultural diversity is an asset for the multinationals in question.Practical implicationsWhen deciding to invest in a foreign country, managers should consider this cultural diversity as one more value creation driver, especially if the firm has well-developed innovation capabilities.Originality/valueThe study’s findings contribute to the international business literature providing further evidence that emerging markets multinationals can create value in acquisitions through the firm's abilities to exploit cultural asymmetries. Thus, the authors also emphasize that absorptive capacity plays a strategic role in multinational's international strategies.
Detection and quantification of Epstein–Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, and human herpesvirus‐6 in stomach frozen tissue of chronic gastritis and gastric cancer patients
Authors: Sarshari Behrang , Mohebbi Seyed Reza , Ravanshad Mehrdad , Shahrokh Shabnam , Aghdaei Hamid Asadzadeh , Zali Mohammad Reza 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHuman herpes viruses (HHVs) are among the most common infectious agents detected in the gastrointestinal tract that might be involved in oncogenesis and other gastrointestinal disorders. Although the link between the Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and gastric cancer (GC) has been established, the role of the viruses in various stomach diseases remains unknown. The frequencies and viral copy number of EBV, cytomegalovirus (CMV), and human herpesvirus 6 (HHV‐6) among 50 gastric cancer tumors and 105 chronic gastritis tissues were measured by quantitative real‐time PCR. In the tumor specimens and the adjacent normal tissues EBV was found in 60% and 30.9%, CMV in 14% and 4.7%, and HHV‐6 in 18%, and 14.2%, respectively. The detection rate of EBV and CMV was found to be significantly higher in tumor tissues relative to the adjacent normal tissues. Also, in chronic gastritis, the frequency of EBV, CMV, and HHV‐6 was 19%, 12.3%, and 15.2%, respectively, compared with 16.4%, 1.1%, and 8.2% in their corresponding normal tissues. Here, the CMV frequency was found to be significantly higher in gastritis tissues relative to the adjacent normal tissues. Furthermore, viral load in both gastric cancer and gastritis groups was higher in either tumor or gastritis lesion compared with matched adjacent normal tissue. This study showed a clear association between gastric cancer with both EBV and CMV. Meanwhile, analyses revealed a strong association between the EBV, CMV, and HHV‐6 viral loads with gastritis (P = 0.0026, P < 0.0001, and P = 0.0405, respectively). Our results suggest that these three viruses might contribute to the induction and development the gastritis and gastric cancer.
Anti‐inflammatory effect a specific Lactiplantibacillus plantarum in an ovalbumin‐induced asthma model
Authors: Kishida Shigefumi , Kato‐Mori Yuko , Okamoto Minoru , Hagiwara Katsuro 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAutoimmune, allergic, and respiratory inflammatory diseases are some of the most important health issues worldwide. Disorders of the gut microbiota have been associated with the induction of allergic and inflammatory diseases, and probiotics are being tested for disease prevention. We examined functional Lactiplantibacillus plantarum RGU (Lp‐1) to mice with ovalbumin (OVA)‐induced asthma model to elucidate the inhibitory effect on pathological progression in asthma model. Prior to the experiments, the intestinal lactic acid bacteria were reduced by administering multiple antibiotics (MAB) to evaluate the administration effect of lactic acid bacteria. Mice were administered with Lp‐1 or comparative control lactic acid bacteria in each group. After that, OVA‐induced asthma was induced, and cytokine gene expression and histological findings were compared. Exacerbation of lung lesions was confirmed in the MAB group. The Lp‐1 group mice had alleviated lung lesions with a decrease in IL‐1β, IL‐13, IL‐17 and an increase in IL‐10 of the splenocytes and bronchial lymph nodes compared with the MAB group, but not in the other groups. In OVA‐induced asthma, administration of specific Lactiplantibacillus was confirmed to induce anti‐inflammatory cytokines.
Acclimation in ants: Interference of communication and waterproofing through cuticular hydrocarbons in a multifunctional trait
Authors: Wittke Marti , Baumgart Lucas , Menzel Florian 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Organismal traits may experience conflicting selection pressures if they fulfil different functions simultaneously. This can require trade‐offs between functions or alternatively functional separation between elements of the trait.

An important multifunctional trait in insects is the cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) layer. CHCs cover the body of nearly all insects, protect against desiccation and serve as a communication signal. In social insects like ants, they provide cues for nestmate recognition. To maintain their waterproofing function, insects have to adjust CHC composition to current temperatures. These changes might affect information content and interfere with communication, which would be especially detrimental in social insects.

Here, we studied how acclimation affects nestmate recognition in two sister species of the ant genus Lasius. Colony fragments were exposed to three climate regimes. We analysed behaviour towards same and differently acclimated conspecifics, and determined which CHCs were related to acclimatory changes, colony differences and inter‐individual aggression.

Differential acclimation led to higher aggression and chemical distances among former nestmates. We identified small CHC subsets, which only differed among colonies or among acclimation treatments. Moreover, few compounds sufficed to explain inter‐individual aggression, suggesting that ants do not use the entire CHC profile for nestmate recognition and that colony identity is encoded in a redundant way.

Across individual CHCs, their contribution to colony differences and to differences among acclimatory treatments was negatively correlated, indicating that there is some degree of functional separation. However, CHC classes could not be clearly assigned to one or another function, indicating that the role of each CHC is idiosyncratic and may differ among species. Acclimatory effects and colony differences were more independent from each other in L. platythorax than in L. niger, indicating that functional separation can differ even among sister species.

Our results show that CHC functions are more intertwined than previously assumed, suggesting that insects cannot optimise all functions independently. The main constraint might be the need to maintain a certain phase behaviour of the CHC layer, which depends on CHC composition and affects functionality. The need to separate functions might depend on species‐specific ecological and life‐history parameters.
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Manipulating actions: A selective two‐option device for cognitive experiments in wild animals
Authors: Wild Sonja , Alarcón‐Nieto Gustavo , Chimento Michael , Aplin Lucy M. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Advances in biologging technologies have significantly improved our ability to track individual animals' behaviour in their natural environment. Beyond observations, automation of data collection has revolutionized cognitive experiments in the wild. For example, radio‐frequency identification (RFID) antennae embedded in ‘puzzle box’ devices have allowed for large‐scale cognitive experiments where individuals tagged with passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags interact with puzzle boxes to gain a food reward, with devices logging both the identity and solving action of visitors.

Here, we extended the scope of wild cognitive experiments by developing a fully automated selective two‐option foraging device to specifically control which actions lead to a food reward and which remain unrewarded. Selective devices were based on a sliding‐door foraging puzzle, and built using commercially available low‐cost electronics.

We tested it on two free‐ranging PIT‐tagged subpopulations of great tits Parus major as a proof of concept. We conducted a diffusion experiment where birds learned from trained demonstrators to get a food reward by sliding the door either to the left or right. We then restricted access of knowledgeable birds to their less preferred side and calculated the latency until birds produced solutions as a measure of behavioural flexibility.

A total of 22 of 23 knowledgeable birds produced at least one solution on their less preferred side after being restricted, with higher‐frequency solvers being faster at doing so. In addition, 18 of the 23 birds reached their solving rate from prior to the restriction on their less preferred side, with birds with stronger prior side preference taking longer to do so.

We therefore introduce and successfully test a new selective two‐option puzzle box, providing detailed instructions and freely available software that allows reproducibility. It extends the functionality of existing systems by allowing fine‐scale manipulations of individuals' actions and opens a large range of possibilities to study cognitive processes in wild animal populations.
Blockage of PD‐L1 by FERMT3‐mediated Wnt/β‐catenin signalling regulates chemoresistance and immune evasion of colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Tang Yanhua , Nan Nan , Gui Chuanzhi , Zhou Xuan , Jiang Wenyong , Zhou Xiaoqian 
Published: June 2022

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) constitutes a major public health problem because of the high rate of morbidity and mortality. Chemotherapy and immunotherapy are the major and promising strategies for cancer patients including CRC; nevertheless, chemoresistance and immune escape limit the final efficacy of the above approaches. FERMT3 has proven to exert a critical role in the immune system and has contradictive effects on cancer progression. In this study, bioinformatics database analysis and clinical specimen detection both corroborated the downregulation of FERMT3 in CRC tissues and cells. Of interest, overexpression of FERMT3 suppressed CRC cell invasion and sensitized cells to 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) by reducing cell viability and increasing cell apoptosis and caspase 3 activity. Noticeably, FERMT3 upregulation enhanced natural killer (NK) cells activation by increasing secretions of interferon γ (IFN‐γ) and tumour necrosis factor α (TNF‐α) when NK cells were co‐cultured with CRC cells. Importantly, upregulation of FERMT3 promoted NK cell‐mediated killing of CRC cells. Mechanically, FERMT3 inhibited the aberrant activation of Wnt/β‐catenin signalling and the subsequent programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) expression in CRC cells. Moreover, knockdown of PD‐L1 suppressed CRC cell invasion, 5‐FU resistance and NK cells‐mediated tumour killing. Additionally, reactivating the Wnt/β‐catenin signalling with a specific WNT agonist CAS 853220–52‐7 overturned the efficacy of FERMT3 overexpression against CRC cell invasion, 5‐FU chemoresistance and cell susceptibility to NK cell‐mediated cytotoxicity. Therefore, the current findings substantiate that FERMT3 elevation may attenuate CRC cell chemoresistance and NK cell‐mediated immune response to tumour cells by inhibiting Wnt/β‐catenin‐PD‐L1 signalling. Therefore, FERMT3 elevation may be a promising therapeutic approach to overcome chemoresistance and immune evasion in CRC.