bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Engineered Exosomes with Independent Module/Cascading Function for Therapy of Parkinson's Disease by Multistep Targeting and Multistage Intervention Method
Authors: Wang Qi , Li Ting , Yang Junying , Zhao Zinan , Tan Kaiyuan , Tang Shuwan , Wan Mimi , Mao Chun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCurrent exosome engineering methods usually lead to the damage of exosome morphology and membrane, which cannot meet the complex needs of disease treatment. Herein, the concept of an “independent module/cascading function” is proposed to construct an engineered exosome nanotherapy platform including an independent artificial module and a natural module. The artificial module with movement/chemotaxis function is first synthesized, and then it is controllably combined with the natural exosome module with “one by one” mode through a “differentiated” modification method. The whole process can not only maintain the activity of the natural exosome module, but also endows it with motion ability, so as to realize the purpose of “cascading function” in the process of disease treatment. The above engineered exosomes are used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). Moreover, the multistep targeting strategy of “disease microenvironment‐damaged cells‐diseased mitochondria” and the multistage intervention concept of “inhibiting deterioration and promoting repair” are proposed, so as to break through the bottleneck of the existing treatment of PD.
In Situ Three‐Dimensional Observation of Perovskite Crystallization Revealed by Two‐Photon Fluorescence Imaging
Authors: Yang Wenkai , Liu Lige , Dong Dashan , Gao Yunan , Yang Hong , Gong Qihuang , Shi Kebin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractUnderstanding in situ crystallization of perovskite materials is fundamentally important for perovskite‐based materials, components, and devices. Here, in situ crystallization of perovskites in three dimensions is investigated using two‐photon excitation fluorescence microscopy with diffraction‐limited spatial resolution. By taking a perovskite precursor droplet as an example, the spatiotemporal kinetics of nanocrystal formation during crystallization is demonstrated, taking advantage of the perovskites’ unique advantage of in situ synthesis from solutions. Based on the time‐lapsed 3D two‐photon excitation fluorescence imaging, the in situ formation of the “crystal crust” is observed and the results suggest a centripetal direction of the crystallization starting from the free surface of the droplet. Analysis based on fluorescence intensity further confirms the evaporation kinetics in a sessile precursor droplet. The reported results demonstrate a promising framework for utilizing two‐photon excitation fluorescence microscopy as a powerful tool to study the in situ crystallization of perovskite materials as well as more general fluorescence‐related chemical reactions in three dimensions.
Highly Luminescent Copper(I) Halide Phosphors Encapsulated in Fumed Silica for Anti‐Counterfeiting and Color‐Converting Applications
Authors: Chen Maosheng , Ye Chenyu , Dai Chengqin , Qi Ruijuan , Fu Hanmei , Luo Chunhua , Peng Hui , Lin Hechun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLuminescent Cu(I) hybrid materials are currently receiving increasing attention due to their rich photophysical properties with promising phosphors applications. However, the complex synthesis processes usually involving chemotoxic organic solutions largely hinder their practical applications. Herein, the authors introduce the highly luminescent copper(I) halide phosphors encapsulated in fumed silica synthesized via aqueous mechanochemical process. By using different precursors, they obtain blue, green, and orange emission copper(I) halide phosphors with high photoluminescence quantum yields. The green emission is owing to the formation of the well‐known 0D (18‐crown‐6)2Na2(H2O)3Cu4I6 (CNCI), while the blue and orange emissions are ascribed to the formation of the novel 1D (18‐crown‐6)2Na2(H2O)3Cu2Cl4 (CNCCl) and 0D (18‐crown‐6)2Na2(H2O)3Cu4Br6 (CNCBr) crystal structures, respectively. It is demonstrated that waterborne luminescent inks can be directly prepared from those phosphors via blending them with various waterborne polymers. The combination of three primary colors can lead to various spectra with multiple anti‐counterfeiting functions. Further, such phosphors can also be embedded into polystyrene resin to form homogeneous luminescent composites, which can be used to prepare free‐standing luminescent films and fabricate light‐emitting diode (LED) with tunable emissions. This strategy opens a new avenue for the development of low‐cost, highly luminescent phosphors.
Hierarchy‐Assembled Dual Probiotics System Ameliorates Cholestatic Drug‐Induced Liver Injury via Gut‐Liver Axis Modulation
Authors: Chen Qi‐Wen , Li Qian‐Ru , Cao Meng‐Wei , Yan Jian‐Hua , Zhang Xian‐Zheng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCholestatic drug‐induced liver injury (DILI) induced by drugs or other xenobiotics is a severe and even fatal clinical syndrome. Here, living materials of hierarchy‐assembled dual probiotics system are fabricated by sequentially encapsulating probiotic Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus (LDB) and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) into Ca2+‐complexed polymer microspheres for effective prevention of cholestatic DILI. Upon entering intestinal tract of the constructed living materials, LGG is released because of pH‐triggered dissolution of outer enteric polymer coating. The released LGG can inhibit hepatic bile acids (BAs) synthesis by activating intestinal farnesoid X receptor‐fibroblast growth factor 15（FGF‐15) signaling pathway. BAs excretion is also facilitated by LGG through increasing the abundance of bile salt hydrolase (BSH)‐active gut commensal bacteria. Furthermore, exposed positively‐charged chitosan shell can absorb the excessive BAs via electrostatic interaction, which leads to steady BAs fixation by the imprisoned LDB, decreasing the total BAs amounts in enterohepatic circulation. Together, the fabricated living materials, obtained here, can effectively prevent cholestatic DILI through dredging cholestasis via gut‐liver axis modulation. The therapeutic effect is demonstrated in α‐naphthylisothiocyanate and clinical antiepileptic drug valproate acid‐induced cholestatic DILI mouse models, which reveal the great potential for effective cholestatic DILI management.
Stringent immigration enforcement and the farm sector: Evidence from E‐Verify adoption across states
Authors: Luo Tianyuan , Kostandini Genti , Jordan Jeffrey L. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study examines the impact of E‐Verify adoption on the total number of farm workers, total acres of operated farmland, and farm wages. This article finds that states with a high E‐Verify enforcement level experiences a decrease in the total number of farm workers and the total acres of operated farmland, suggesting that farms reduced their production scales after E‐Verify. However, this study finds no E‐Verify impact on farm weekly wages. This result could be a result of crop mix shift. States that adopt more stringent immigration policies should prepare the farm sector for a variety of negative shocks.
Evidence of floral rewards inBrasiliorchissupports the convergent evolution of food‐hairs in Maxillariinae
Authors: Pansarin Emerson R. , Pedro Silvia R. M. , Davies Kevin L. , Stpiczyńska Małgorzata 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPremiseAngiosperms distributed over a large geographical area may display considerable phenotypic variation that can be recognized at morphological and micromorphological levels. Here, we investigate the pollination biology and the presence of floral rewards in Brazilian populations of the widely distributed orchid,Brasiliorchis picta. Based on the new data presented here this study investigates the evolution of floral rewards in Maxillariinae, and tests for the occurrence of convergent evolution of food‐hairs in this subtribe.MethodsMicromorphological and histochemical analyses of the labellar tissues were conducted, together with chemical analysis of fragrance and experiments involving the use of chemical baits. The evolution of floral rewards in Maxillariinae were addressed.ResultsMicroscopy revealed thatB. pictaoffers food‐hairs as a reward. Fragrance is produced by abaxially located labellar epidermal papillae. The main compound present in our samples (2‐phenylethanol) also occurs in the aggregation pheromone produced by the mandible glands of pollinators, Meliponini bees. Our analyses indicate a high diversity of flower rewards and pollinators displayed by members of Maxillariinae, and support that edible trichomes evolved independently five times in the subtribe.ConclusionsThe high diversity of floral rewards and pollinators displayed by members of Maxillariinae suggests that different pollinator pressures are involved in the evolution of this neotropical subtribe. In addition, the offering of food‐hairs, which are generally infrequently encountered in Orchidaceae, arose by convergent evolution in Maxillariinae.
A novel cupulate seed plant, Xadzigacalix quatsinoensis gen. et sp. nov., provides new insight into the Mesozoic radiation of gymnosperms
Authors: Klymiuk Ashley A. , Rothwell Gar W. , Stockey Ruth A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPremiseAnatomically preserved evidence for a novel clade of gymnosperms emphasizes diversity of seed plants immediately prior to the appearance of angiosperm fossils in the paleontological record.MethodsCupulate seeds from the Early Cretaceous Apple Bay locality (Vancouver Island) are described from serial cellulose acetate peels and three‐dimensional reconstruction. Phylogenetic context is assessed through the comparative analysis of gymnosperm seed producing fructifications and maximum parsimony analysis of a revised morphological data set for seed plant phylogeny.ResultsXadzigacalix quatsinoensis gen. et sp. nov. is characterized by an orthotropous ovule with an elongated micropyle and complex integument, enclosed within a radial cupule. The micropylar canal is elongated; and the nucellus extends into the micropyle to seal the post pollination ovule. Except at the apex of the micropyle, the seed is completely enclosed by a parenchymatous cupule with ca. 20 axially elongated secretory ducts. The cupulate seed is produced upon a triangular woody stele, consisting of a parenchymatous pith surrounded by radially aligned tracheids. The stele produces three short terete traces that terminate within the base of the cupule as transfusion tissue at the seed chalaza.ConclusionsOrganography, vascularization, nature of the integument and nucellus, and configuration of the micropylar canal distinguish Xadzigacalix quatsinoensis from all other gymnosperm clades. Cladistic analyses suggest the new plant may have affinities with gnetophytes or angiosperms. These results are complemented with a critical re‐evaluation of ovulate structures for Mesozoic gymnosperms, providing new insight into plant diversity immediately antecedent to the explosive diversification of flowering plants.
Treatment With Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors Is Associated With a Time‐Shifted Retardation of Radiographic Sacroiliitis Progression in Patients With Axial Spondyloarthritis: 10‐Year Results From the German Spondyloarthritis Inception Cohort
Authors: Torgutalp Murat , Rios Rodriguez Valeria , Proft Fabian , Protopopov Mikhail , Verba Maryna , Rademacher Judith , Haibel Hildrun , Sieper Joachim , Rudwaleit Martin , Poddubnyy Denis 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveTo investigate the longitudinal association between radiographic sacroiliitis progression and treatment with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) in patients with early axial spondyloarthritis (SpA) in a long‐term inception cohort.MethodsWe included patients from the German Spondyloarthritis Inception Cohort who underwent radiographic assessment of the sacroiliac joints at baseline and at least once more during the 10‐year follow‐up. Two central readers scored the radiographs according to the modified New York criteria for ankylosing spondylitis. The sacroiliac sum score was calculated as a mean of the scores determined by both readers. TNFi use was assessed according to exposure in the current and/or previous 2‐year radiographic interval. The association between TNFi use and radiographic sacroiliitis progression was examined by longitudinal generalized estimating equation analysis with adjustment for potential confounders.ResultsIn this long‐term inception cohort, 10‐year follow‐up data on 737 radiographic intervals assessed in 301 patients with axial SpA (166 patients with nonradiographic axial SpA and 135 patients with radiographic axial SpA) were obtained. Having received ≥12 months of treatment with TNFi in the previous 2‐year radiographic interval was associated with a significant decrease in the sacroiliitis sum score (β = –0.09 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) –0.18, –0.003]; analyses adjusted for age, sex, symptom duration, HLA–B27 status, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index score, C‐reactive protein, and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug intake). In contrast, among patients receiving TNFi in the current radiographic interval, there was no significant association with change in the sacroiliitis sum score (β = 0.05 [95% CI –0.05, 0.14]). This effect of having received ≥12 months of treatment with TNFi in the previous 2‐year radiographic interval was stronger in patients with nonradiographic axial SpA as compared to patients with radiographic axial SpA (β = –0.16 [95% CI –0.28, –0.03] versus β = –0.04 [95% CI –0.15, 0.07]).ConclusionTreatment with TNFi was associated with the reduction in radiographic sacroiliitis progression in patients with axial SpA. This effect became evident between 2 and 4 years after treatment was initiated.
Progressive Increase in Sacroiliac Joint and Spinal Lesions Detected on Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Healthy Individuals in Relation to Age
Authors: Renson Thomas , de Hooge Manouk , De Craemer Ann‐Sophie , Deroo Liselotte , Lukasik Zuzanna , Carron Philippe , Herregods Nele , Jans Lennart , Colman Roos , Van den Bosch Filip , Elewaut Dirk 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays a pivotal role in spondyloarthritis (SpA) diagnosis. However, a detailed description of MRI findings of the sacroiliac (SI) joints and spine in healthy individuals is currently lacking. This study was undertaken to evaluate the occurrence of MRI‐detected SI joint and spinal lesions in healthy individuals in relation to age.MethodsNinety‐five healthy subjects (ages 20–49 years) underwent MRI of the SI joints and spine. Bone marrow edema (BME) and structural lesions of the SI joints were scored using the Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada (SPARCC) method. Spinal inflammatory and structural lesions were evaluated using the SPARCC MRI spine inflammation index and the Canada‐Denmark MRI scoring system, respectively. Fulfillment of the Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society definition of a positive MRI for sacroiliitis/spondylitis was reviewed. Findings were compared to MRIs of axial SpA patients from the Belgian Inflammatory Arthritis and Spondylitis cohort.ResultsOf the subjects ≥30 years old, 17.2% fulfilled the definition of a positive MRI for sacroiliitis, but this occurred rarely in younger subjects. SI joint erosions (20.0%) and fat metaplasia (13.7%) were detected across all age groups. Erosions were more frequently visualized in subjects ages ≥40 years (39.3%). Spinal BME (35.7%) and fat metaplasia (28.6%) were common in subjects older than 40 years. Nonetheless, only 1 subject had ≥3 corner inflammatory lesions. SI joint and spinal SPARCC scores and total structural lesions scores increased progressively with age.ConclusionContrary to what is commonly believed, structural MRI‐detected SI joint lesions are frequently seen in healthy individuals. Especially in older subjects, the high occurrence of inflammatory and structural MRI‐detected lesions impacts their specificity for SpA, which has important implications for the interpretation of MRIs in patients with a clinical suspicion of SpA.
Surface and Interface Engineering Strategies for MoS2 Towards Electrochemical Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Ding Yi Ming , Li Nian Wu , Yuan Shuai , Yu Le 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWater splitting driven by renewable energy sources is an environmentally friendly and sustainable way to produce hydrogen as an ideal energy source in the future. Electrocatalysts can promote the water splitting performance at the both ends. Therefore, the design of cost‐effective, high‐performance electrocatalysis is a key factor in promoting water decomposition and renewable energy conversion. Among candidates, layered molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is considered as a most promising electrocatalyst to replace Pt for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Surface atomic engineering and interface engineering can induce new physicochemical properties for MoS2 to greatly enhance HER activity. In this report, we summarize the latest improvement strategies and research progress to improve the catalytic activity of MoS2‐based material catalysts through the surface and interface atomic and molecular engineering, thus effectively improving HER process. In addition, some unsolved problems in the large‐scale application of modified MoS2 catalyst are also discussed.
Biopharmaceutical applications of α‐galactosidases
Authors: Anisha Grace Sathyanesan 
Published: April 2022

Abstractα‐Galactosidases are exoglycosidases that are active on galactose‐containing side chains in oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, glycolipids, and glycoproteins. α‐Galactosidases are gaining increased interest in human medicine, especially in the enzyme replacement therapy for Fabry's disease. α‐Galactosidases with regioselectivity toward α‐1,3‐linked galactose find application in xenotransplantation and blood group transformation. The use of α‐galactosidases as a therapeutic agent in alleviating the postprandial symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome is much acclaimed. The excellent therapeutic applications of α‐galactosidases have led to an upwelling of worldwide research interventions to identify novel α‐galactosidases with improved catalytic efficiency. In addition to these therapeutic applications, α‐galactosidases also have interesting applications in the industrial sectors like food, feed, probiotics, sugar, and paper pulp. The current review focuses on the diverse therapeutic applications of α‐galactosidases and their prospects.
Optical analysis of RE3+ (RE = Nd or Er):B2O3–P2O5–CaF2–ZnO–(Li2O/Na2O/K2O) glasses
Authors: Moulika Guduru , Sailaja Sannapureddy , Santhosh Vijitha Jillela , Bayapu Reddy Putluru , Shanthi Latha Kondala , Venkata Chalapathi Gasthi , Sudhakar Reddy Busireddy 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCalcium boro fluoro zinc phosphate glasses modified using alkali oxide and doped with Nd3+ and Er3+ ions with the chemical composition of 69.5 (B2O3) + 10 (P2O5) + 10 (CaF2) + 5 (ZnO) + 5 (Na2O/Li2O/K2O) + 0.5 (Er2O3/Nd2O3) were prepared using a conventional melt quenching technique. The results of X‐ray diffraction patterns indicated the amorphous nature of all the prepared glasses. The visible–near‐infrared red (NIR) absorption spectra of these glasses were analyzed systematically. The NIR emission spectra of Er3+ and Nd3+:calcium boro fluoro zinc phosphate glasses showed prominent emission bands at 1536 nm (4I13/2→4I15/2) and 1069 nm (4F3/2→4I11/2) respectively with λexci = 514.5 nm (Ar+ laser) as the excitation source.
Progression‐free survival at 3 years is a reliable surrogate for 5‐year overall survival for patients suffering from locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Yang Yu‐Xian , Zheng Yu‐Zhen , Gao Tian‐Tian , Liu Shi‐Liang , Xi Mian , Liu Meng‐Zhong , Wang Jun‐Ye , Qi Shu‐Nan , Yang Yong , Zhao Lei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundDespite 3‐year survival being used as a primary endpoint in some randomized controlled trials (RCTs), limited evidence supports the use of intermediate endpoints to evaluate the effect of new therapies in esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC). This study aimed to systematically evaluate progression‐free survival at 3 years (3‐year PFS) and overall survival (OS) among patients with ESCC.MethodsWe identified 528 patients newly diagnosed with locally advanced ESCC who received definitive radiotherapy. OS was compared with an age‐ and sex‐matched general Chinese population using the standardized mortality ratio (SMR). Regression analysis was used to validate the correlation between PFS and OS using published data.ResultsThe annual risk of progression decreased to 11.5% after 3 years. Patients who did not achieve 3‐year PFS had a median postprogression survival (PPS) of 7.3 months, with a 5‐year OS rate of 9.6% and a SMR of 15.0 (95% confidence interval [CI], 12.9–17.5). Conversely, the SMR for patients who achieved 3‐year PFS was 0.9 (95% CI, 0.6–1.3). We observed a significant correlation between log hazard ratio (HR) (PFS) and log HR (OS) at the trial level (r = 0.89; 95% CI, 0.88–0.90). The strongest correlation was observed between 3‐year PFS and 5‐year OS in RCTs and retrospective studies.ConclusionsPatients exhibiting progression within 3 years experienced poor survival, whereas patients achieving 3‐year PFS had excellent outcomes. Our study supports 3‐year PFS as a reliable primary endpoint for study design and risk stratification in locally advanced ESCC.
Analysis of subgingival microbiota in monozygotic twins with different severity and progression risk of periodontitis
Authors: Yamamoto Tadashi , Taniguchi Makoto , Matsunaga Kazuyuki , Kawata Yusuke , Kawamura Mari , Okubo Keisuke , Yamashiro Keisuke , Omori Kazuhiro , Takashiba Shogo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe study aims to reveal the composition of subgingival bacteria in monozygotic twins with discordant in severity and progression risk of periodontitis. Microbiome analysis indicated that most bacteria were heritable but differed in their abundance and immune response. The dysbiotic bacteria can be considered as risk markers for periodontitis progression.
Rectus sheath hematoma in COVID‐19 patient: The importance of abdominal pain in the course of COVID‐19
Authors: Javidi Ali , Niazkar Hamid Reza , Jalili Jelveh , Homapour Farhad 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe report herein a case of a 58‐year‐old woman with COVID‐19. During the hospitalization, the patient complained of acute abdominal pain, and abdominal CT revealed the rectus sheath hematoma (RSH). Since corticosteroids and anti‐coagulation are commonly administered in COVID‐19 patients, physicians should consider RSH as a possible diagnosis for acute abdominal pain.
Visible‐Light Driven C‐P Bond Formation with Recyclable Carbon Nitride Photocatalyst
Authors: Liu Yang , Guo Wusheng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe development of metal‐free chemical process with recyclable heterogeneous catalyst under ambient conditions is highly desired in industrial production, especially for pharmaceutical purpose. We herein reported the efficient synthesis of pharmaceutically relevant organophosphorus(V) compounds through the coupling of readily available starting materials in the presence of insoluble carbon nitride (g‐CN) as recyclable photocatalyst. These reactions showed wide functional group tolerance and were performed at room temperatures under visible‐light irradiation. The heterogeneous g‐CN photocatalyst could be easily separated from the crude reaction mixture and reused for several cycles without decreasing the reaction efficiency, thus implying the great potential of use in industrial manufacture for larger‐scale synthesis.