bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Process optimization and antioxidative activity of polyphenols derived from different seaweed species Sargassum Miyabei, Undaria Pinnatifida Suringar, and Sargassum Thunbergii
Authors: He Shan , Zhang Yang , Yuan Yang , Farooq Muhammad Adil , Fayyaz Muhammad Shoaib , Su Dongxiao , Zeng Qinzhu , Rahaman Abdul 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study was to extract the polyphenols from three major seaweed species such as Sargassum miyabei, Undaria pinnatifida suringar, and Sargassum thunbergii, which are found in the coastal province (Guangdong), a longest coastal line in China. It was found that the Sargassum thunbergii produced more polyphenols (34.99 mg) as compared to Sargassum miyabei (23.26 mg) and Undaria pinnatifida suringar (25.34 mg), respectively. The orthogonal method was used for the extraction of phenolic compounds and extraction condition of each seaweed species was optimized. The antioxidant activity of extracted polyphenols from all three species stated that the polyphenols extracted from Undaria pinnatifida suringar demonstrated the highest antioxidative activity. Furthermore, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) was used for qualitative analysis of polyphenols, which revealed that the major components of polyphenols extracted from Undaria pinnatifida suringar were gallic acid and arbutin followed by syringate in Sargassum miyabei and phloretin in Sargassum thunbergii.
Effects of subanesthesia dose S‐ketamine induction on postoperative psychiatric complications after gynecological surgery
Authors: Zhang Fan , Ding Jun , Luo Man , Luo Hao‐Hua , Sun Xiao‐Lin , Fang Xu , Chen Lei , Tao Jun , Zhu Zhao‐Qiong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractKetamine may become an important drug for multimodal analgesia regime again because of its strong analgesic effects and retaining the advantage of spontaneous breathing. The present study was designed to explore the influences of different dosages of S‐ketamine anesthesia induction regimes on psychiatric complications and postoperative prognosis in patients undergoing gynecological operations. In this prospective, triple‐blinded, randomized, controlled study, patients undergoing elective gynecological surgery were randomized to one of three treatment groups: low‐dose S‐ketamine (LDSK) group (a 0.3 mg/kg bolus for anesthesia induction), minimal‐dose S‐ketamine (MDSK) group (a 0.2 mg/kg bolus for anesthesia induction), and placebo (CON) group (a saline bolus for anesthesia induction). The main outcome measures were as follows: intraoperative vital signs, extubation time, anesthesia recovery time and postanesthesia care unit (PACU) stay duration, incidence of psychiatric complications, Ramsay sedation scale (RSS) 1, 2, 24, and 48 h, postoperatively, and overall prognosis. One hundred and eighty female participants were finally included in this study from April 2021 to December 2021. Significant differences were not observed in age, height, weight, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification, or history of mental illness between the groups. No statistically significant differences were discovered with regard to intraoperative vital signs, extubation time and PACU stay duration, incidence of psychiatric complications, and RSS scores at 1, 2, 24, and 48 h postoperatively in the three groups. However, the visual analog scale (VAS) scores of the CON group at 10 min after extubation and at the time point leaving PACU were much higher than that of the LDSK and MDSK groups. The VAS scores at 48 h after surgery in the MDSK group were also lower than that of the CON group and the CON group had received more analgesic drug treatment in the surgical wards consequently. Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) occurrence at 24 and 48 h, postoperatively, increased sharply in the CON group than in the other two experimental groups, which led to an increase in the use of postoperative antiemetic drugs in this group. According to the postoperative satisfaction survey, patients in the CON group had lower medical satisfaction. Our data demonstrate that a small dosage of S‐ketamine anesthesia induction can reduce postoperative pain and the incidence of PONV without increasing hemodynamic fluctuations or psychiatric complications.
Retinal microvascular impairment in COVID‐19 patients: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Suzhen , Wang Jie , Hu Jianbin , Wang Ningli 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), has led to a global pandemic in an unprecedented time frame. Systemic vascular involvement in COVID‐19 has been identified, and SARS‐CoV‐2 has also been found to cause multiple organ ischemia and posterior ocular segment disease in mammals, raising concerns about the human retinal microvascular involvement in SARS‐CoV‐2.ObjectiveTo objectively assess the presence of retinal microvascular impairment in COVID‐19 patients by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), so as to facilitate the clinical system management of COVID‐19 patients.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Ovid, CBM to collect eligible studies. The main outcomes included the vessel density (VD), area or perimeter of foveal avascular zone (FAZ), central foveal thickness (CFT), subfoveal choroidal thickness (SCT) in our meta‐analysis.ResultsWe eventually included five studies with a total of 401 participants. Our meta‐analysis showed that nonacute infectious COVID‐19 or post‐COVID‐19 patients presented significantly lower foveal VD of deep capillary plexus (WMD = −4.22, 95% CI [−8.00, −0.43]) and thinner SCT (WMD = −10.33, 95% CI [−19.08, −1.57]) than healthy controls. The foveal VD and parafoveal VD of superficial capillary plexus, parafoveal VD of deep capillary plexus, CFT, area, and perimeter of FAZ showed no significant differences between the groups.ConclusionThe patients of nonacute infectious COVID‐19 or post‐COVID‐19 displayed alterations in the retinal microvasculature and choroidal vessels, including a significantly lower foveal VD in deep capillary plexus and thinner SCT. The impairment may be a medium to long‐term process. Close ophthalmic surveillance is necessary for COVID‐19 patients or post‐COVID‐19 patients.
Persistence of immune responses to the Sinopharm/BBIBP‐CorV vaccine
Authors: Jeewandara Chandima , Aberathna Inoka Sepali , Pushpakumara Pradeep Darshana , Kamaladasa Achala , Guruge Dinuka , Wijesinghe Ayesha , Gunasekera Banuri , Ramu Shyrar Tanussiya , Kuruppu Heshan , Ranasinghe Thushali , Dayarathna Shashika , Dissanayake Osanda , Gamalath Nayanathara , Ekanayake Dinithi , Jayamali Jeewantha , Jayathilaka Deshni , Dissanayake Madushika , Jayadas Tibutius Thanesh , Mudunkotuwa Anushika , Somathilake Gayasha , Harvie Michael , Nimasha Thashmi , Danasekara Saubhagya , Wijayamuni Ruwan , Schimanski Lisa , Rijal Pramila , Tan Tiong K. , Dong Tao , Townsend Alain , Ogg Graham S. , Malavige Gathsaurie Neelika 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundTo determine the kinetics and persistence of immune responses following the Sinopharm/BBIBP‐CorV, we investigated immune responses in a cohort of Sri Lankan individuals.MethodsSARS‐CoV‐2 specific total antibodies were measured in 20–39 years (n = 61), 40–59 years (n = 120) and those >60 years of age (n = 22) by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, 12 weeks after the second dose of the vaccine. Angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor blocking antibodies (ACE2R‐Ab), antibodies to the receptor‐binding domain (RBD) of the ancestral virus (WT) and variants of concern, were measured in a sub cohort. T cell responses and memory B cell responses were assessed by ELISpot assays.ResultsA total of 193/203 (95.07%) of individuals had detectable SARS‐CoV‐2 specific total antibodies, while 67/110 (60.9%) had ACE2R‐Ab. A total of 14.3%–16.7% individuals in the 20–39 age groups had detectable antibodies to the RBD of the WT and variants of concern, while the positivity rates of those ≥60 years of age was <10%. A total of 14/49 (28.6%) had Interferon gamma ELISpot responses to overlapping peptides of the spike protein, while memory B cell responses were detected in 9/20 to the S1 recombinant protein. The total antibody levels and ACE2R‐Ab declined from 2 to 12 weeks from the second dose, while ex vivo T cell responses remained unchanged. The decline in ACE2R‐Ab levels was significant among the 40–59 (p = .0007) and ≥60 (p = .005) age groups.ConclusionsAntibody responses declined in all age groups, especially in those ≥60 years, while T cell responses persisted. The effect of waning of immunity on hospitalization and severe disease should be assessed by long term efficacy studies.
Effects of Astragalus membranaceus on systemic lupus erythematosus in a mouse model of pregnancy
Authors: Chen Hong‐Qing , Zhang Na , Li Cai‐Xia , Zhang Hong‐Xia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis study used astragalus membranaceus (AM) to treat systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) model mice during pregnancy, aiming to explore the role of AM in Helper T cell 17 (Th17) differentiation and SLE during pregnancy.MethodsWe used lipopolysaccharide to constructed the SLE mouse model. AM decoction given by intragastric administration lasted from the eighth week of the mouse age until the mouse was killed. We estimated the messenger RNA levels of IL‐17a and Rorc, counted the Th17 cell number and examined the levels of cytokines including interleukin (IL)‐12, tumor necrosis factor α, interferon gamma, IL‐17A in mouse serum. Periodic acid‐Schiff staining and renal glomerular/tubulointerstitial (TI) score were used to evaluate the progression of lupus nephritis (LN).ResultsAM treatment improved the conception rate and increased the number and average weight of fetuses in SLE mice. It significantly decreased the urinary albumin/creatinine ratios and reduced the glomerular scores and TI scores in the pregnant SLE mice. AM gavage significantly decreased the weight of spleen, mesenteric lymph node, total splenocytes and T cells, and the expression of proinflammatory factors. Furthermore, AM treatment reduced the ratio of Th17 cells and the expression levels of RORγt and IL‐17A.ConclusionAM significantly improved pregnancy outcomes and inhibited lupus nephritis during pregnancy in SLE mice.
Artesunate, imatinib, and infliximab in COVID‐19: A rapid review and meta‐analysis of current evidence
Authors: Amani Bahman , Zareei Sara , Amani Behnam , Zareei Mahsa , Zareei Neda , Shabestan Rouhollah , Akbarzadeh Arash 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveDespite the pervasive vaccination program against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), fully vaccinated people are still being infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, making an effective and safe therapeutic intervention a crucial need for the patients' survival. The purpose of the present study is to seek available evidence for the efficacy and safety of three promising medications artesunate, imatinib, and infliximab against COVID‐19.MethodsA literature search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library, medRxive, and Google Scholar up to January 2022. Furthermore, the clinical trial databases were screened to find more citations. The Cochrane Collaboration tool and Newcastle–Ottawa scale were used to assess the included studies. Meta‐analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4.1.ResultsFive published studies were identified as eligible. Meta‐analysis showed that there was no significant difference between the infliximab and control groups in terms of mortality rate (risk ratio [RR]: 0.65; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.40–1.07; p = 0.09). However, a significant difference was observed between the two groups for the hospital discharge (RR: 1.37; 95% CI: 1.04–1.80; p = 0.03). No remarkable clinical benefit was observed in favor of using imatinib for COVID‐19 patients. Artesunate showed significant improvement in patients with COVID‐19.ConclusionIn the present, limited evidence exists for the efficacy and safety of artesunate, imatinib, and infliximab in patients with COVID‐19. The findings of WHO's Solidarity international trial will provide further information regarding these therapeutic interventions.
Epidemiology of rhinovirus under the COVID‐19 pandemic in Guangzhou, China, 2020
Authors: Lu Jianyun , Wu Tiantian , Zeng Qing , Chen Yiyun , Liu Yanhui , Wu Di 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundTo analyze the epidemic characteristics of the human rhinovirus (HRV) outbreaks in Guangzhou, China, in 2020.MethodsDescriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the HRV‐related outbreaks in Guangzhou, 2020.ResultsSeventeen outbreaks were reported in 2020 during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic in Guangzhou, a total of 465 patients (290 males and 175 females) were enrolled, with a median age of 10. A total of 223 (47.96%) had been tested for HRV, 89 (39.91%) of which were positive; 344/465 (73.98%) had a fever, 138/465 (29.68%) had a runny nose, 139/465 (29.89%) had a sore throat, 86/465 (18.49%) had a cough, 41/465 (8.82%) had a headache, and 37/465 (7.96%) had a sneeze. Patients at age of 13–15 had the highest rate of sore throat and runny nose, patients aged 11–12 had the highest rate of sneezing, and patients at age of 12–14 had the highest rate of positive rate. Patients tested positive had a higher rate of fever (χ2 = 11.271, p = .001), cough (χ2 = 6.987, p = .008), runny nose (χ2 = 7.980, p = .005), and sneeze (χ2 = 4.676, p = .031).ConclusionThe HRV was restored during the fighting of the COVID‐19 pandemic. The conventional COVID‐19 control measures were not effective enough in preventing rhinovirus. More appropriate control measures should be used to control HRV.
Assessment of inhalation toxicity of cigarette smoke and aerosols from flavor mixtures: 5‐week study in A/J mice
Authors: Wong Ee Tsin , Luettich Karsta , Cammack Lydia , Chua Chin Suan , Sciuscio David , Merg Celine , Corciulo Maica , Piault Romain , Ashutosh Kumar , Smith Cameron , Leroy Patrice , Moine Fabian , Glabasnia Anneke , Diana Pierrick , Chia Cecilia , Tung Ching Keong , Ivanov Nikolai , Hoeng Julia , Peitsch Manuel , Lee Kyeonghee Monica , Vanscheeuwijck Patrick 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMost flavors used in e‐liquids are generally recognized as safe for oral consumption, but their potential effects when inhaled are not well characterized. In vivo inhalation studies of flavor ingredients in e‐liquids are scarce. A structure‐based grouping approach was used to select 38 flavor group representatives (FGR) on the basis of known and in silico‐predicted toxicological data. These FGRs were combined to create prototype e‐liquid formulations and tested against cigarette smoke (CS) in a 5‐week inhalation study.Female A/J mice were whole‐body exposed for 6 h/day, 5 days/week, for 5 weeks to air, mainstream CS, or aerosols from (1) test formulations containing propylene glycol (PG), vegetable glycerol (VG), nicotine (N; 2% w/w), and flavor (F) mixtures at low (4.6% w/w), medium (9.3% w/w), or high (18.6% w/w) concentration or (2) base formulation (PG/VG/N). Male A/J mice were exposed to air, PG/VG/N, or PG/VG/N/F‐high under the same exposure regimen. There were no significant mortality or in‐life clinical findings in the treatment groups, with only transient weight loss during the early exposure adaptation period. While exposure to flavor aerosols did not cause notable lung inflammation, it caused only minimal adaptive changes in the larynx and nasal epithelia. In contrast, exposure to CS resulted in lung inflammation and moderate‐to‐severe changes in the epithelia of the nose, larynx, and trachea. In summary, the study evaluates an approach for assessing the inhalation toxicity potential of flavor mixtures, thereby informing the selection of flavor exposure concentrations (up to 18.6%) for a future chronic inhalation study.
Extracellular acidosis stimulates breast cancer cell motility through aryl hydrocarbon receptor and c‐src kinase activation
Authors: Miret Noelia V. , Zárate Lorena V. , Erra Díaz Fernando , Leguizamón M. Agustina , Pontillo Carolina A. , Chiappini Florencia A. , Ceballos Leandro , Geffner Jorge , Randi Andrea S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA reduction in extracellular pH (pHe) is a characteristic of most malignant tumors. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a transcription factor localized in a cytosolic complex with c‐Src, which allows it to trigger nongenomic effects through c‐Src. Considering that the slightly acidic tumor microenvironment promotes breast cancer progression in a similar way to the AhR/c‐Src axis, our aim was to evaluate whether this pathway could be activated by low pHe. We examined the effect of pHe 6.5 on AhR/c‐Src axis using two breast cancer cell lines (MDA‐MB‐231 and LM3) and mammary epithelial cells (NMuMG) and found that acidosis increased c‐Src phosphorylation only in tumor cells. Moreover, the presence of AhR inhibitors prevented c‐Src activation. Low pHe reduced intracellular pH (pHi), while amiloride treatment, which is known to reduce pHi, induced c‐Src phosphorylation through AhR. Analyses were conducted on cell migration and metalloproteases (MMP)‐2 and ‐9 activities, with results showing an acidosis‐induced increase in MDA‐MB‐231 and LM3 cell migration and MMP‐9 activity, but no changes in NMuMG cells. Moreover, all these effects were blocked by AhR and c‐Src inhibitors. In conclusion, acidosis stimulates the AhR/c‐Src axis only in breast cancer cells, increasing cell migration and MMP‐9 activity. Although the AhR activation mechanism still remains elusive, a reduction in pHi may be thought to be involved. These findings suggest a critical role for the AhR/c‐Src axis in breast tumor progression stimulated by an acidic microenvironment.
Trajectories of childhood social isolation in a nationally representative cohort: Associations with antecedents and early adulthood outcomes
Authors: Thompson Katherine N. , Odgers Candice L. , Bryan Bridget T. , Danese Andrea , Milne Barry J. , Strange Lily , Matthews Timothy , Arseneault Louise 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis study examined early life antecedents of childhood social isolation, whether these factors accounted for poor outcomes of isolated children, and how these associations varied according to patterns of stability and change in childhood isolation.MethodsParticipants included 2232 children from the Environmental Risk (E‐Risk) Longitudinal Twin Study. We conducted growth mixture modelling (GMM) on combined parent and teacher reports of children's social isolation when children were 5, 7, 10 and 12 years, and we assessed associations with age‐5 antecedents and age‐18 outcomes using regression analyses.ResultsWe identified three linear developmental trajectories of increasing (4.75%), decreasing (5.25%) and low stable (90.00%) social isolation. Age‐5 attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms, emotional problems, prosocial behaviours, maternal personality (openness) and size of school were associated with the decreasing trajectory of social isolation. When controlling for these antecedents, increasingly isolated children were still more likely to experience ADHD symptoms, loneliness, lower job optimism and lower physical activity at age 18.ConclusionsIsolated children follow distinct patterns of change over childhood and isolation seems most detrimental to health at the time it is experienced. Social isolation can be a valuable indicator of co‐occurring problems and provide targets for mental health intervention in young people.
Timing of primary three‐dose hepatitis B vaccination and postvaccination serologic testing among a large cohort of healthy adults
Authors: Koc Özgür M. , van Oorschot Eva , Brandts Lloyd , Oude Lashof Astrid 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study evaluated the optimal timing of a primary three‐dose hepatitis B vaccination and postvaccination serologic testing (PVST) among a large group of healthy naïve adults in the Netherlands. Data were collected from the Ease Travel Clinic hepatitis B vaccination database. The study population consisted of 22,997 adults who received three hepatitis B vaccinations. Seroprotection was attained in 97.3% individuals. When compared with PVST performed at 1–2 months (98.2%) after the final dose, lower seroprotection rates were observed with <1 (97.3%, p = 0.128), 3–6 (90.6%, p < 0.001), and ≥7 (88.4%, p < 0.001) months after vaccination. Among the subpopulation with a PVST 1–2 months, no statistically significant difference was observed for the various intervals between the first and second vaccination (<1, 1–2, 3–4, or ≥5 months). When compared with 4–5 months between the second and third vaccine dose, lower seroprotection rates were observed with <4 (odds ratio [OR]: 0.29, p = 0.020) and ≥12 (OR: 0.22, p < 0.001) months, although comparable rates were observed with 6–11 months interval (OR: 0.85, p = 0.262). Our data indicate that PVST should be obtained 1–2 months after the last vaccination and a delayed PVST was the major determinant of a lower seroprotection rate after primary three‐dose hepatitis B vaccination schedule. Based on our data, the hepatitis B vaccination also leaves room for flexibility for the second dose and the third dose without the necessity of restarting the vaccination series or confirmation of the immune response to the vaccine.
Structure and properties of gelatin edible film modified using oxidized poly(2‐hydroxyethyl acrylate) with multiple aldehyde groups
Authors: Liu Baohua , Wang Jian , Zhang Yin , Liu Dayu , Zhang Yunfeng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDPure gelatin film usually exhibits characteristics of being brittle and hydrophilic, which limit its wide use in food packing fields. In this study gelatin/oxidized poly(2‐hydroxyethylacrylate) (G/OP) composite films were prepared using casting techniques, the aim of this research was to investigate the effects of OP on the structures and properties of the G/OP composite films.RESULTSThe Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy results indicated that the G/OP films retained their original secondary structure and random coiled conformation. However, the surface and cross‐sectional morphologies of the G/OP films were rougher than those of pure gelatin films, cracks and agglomerates appeared with increasing OP dosage. The remarkable transparency of the G/OP film at 280 nm indicated excellent ultraviolet (UV) light barrier properties of the film, which inhibited UV‐light‐induced food oxidation. Moreover, the addition of OP decreased the water content and water solubility and considerably increased the water contact angle of pure gelatin films from 78.8° to 116.2° (a maximum increase of 37.5°). This suggested that OP modification improved the hydrophobicity of gelatin films. Furthermore, the inclusion of OP significantly promoted the flexibility of gelatin films, thereby improving their brittleness.CONCLUSIONSThe UV light barrier properties, hydrophobicity, and flexibility of gelatin films were improved via OP modification, thus the produced G/OP composite films have the potential to be used in food packaging. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.