bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Le Mélange et l’Alternance Codique du Français en Anglais dans l’Instagram
Authors: Krismuntika Wingga , Kusrini Nani , Ikhtiarti Endang 
Published: December 2022

Cette recherche a pour but de décrire le mélange et l’alternance codique du français en anglaise dans le media social Instagram et aussi les facteurs provoquant l’utilisation de ces phénomène langagiers. C’est une étude de descriptive qualitative qui a utilisé l’observation et la notation comme le technique de la collecte de données et la méthode equivalent intralingua utilisant le composant PARLANT pour analyser des données. Le résultat montre qu’il y a 45 données sur le mélange de code dont le detail se compose de 25 mélanges intra-sententielle et 25 mélanges intra-lexical. Tandis que pour l’alternance codique, il y a 59 qui se compose de 45 alternnce inter-sententielle, 14 alternance emblématique (simbolique). Les factuers à l’origine de l’utilisation du mélange et de l’alternance codique sont parler du sujet particulier, citer quelqu’un autre, emphatique à propos de quelque chose, remplisseur ou connecteurs de phrases, intention de clarifier le contenu de discussion, et répétition utilisée pour clarification.Mots-clés: mélange et alternance codique, Instagram, facteurs de l’utilisationThis research aims to describe the code-mixing and code-switching of French on Instagram and determine the factors causing the use of these linguistic phenomena. It is a qualitative descriptive study that used observation and notation as the data collection technique and the intralingual equivalent method using the SPEAKING component to analyze data. The result shows that there are 45 data on the code-mixing, which consists of 25 intra-sential mixing and 25 intra-lexical mixings. Meanwhile, for code-switching, there are 59 data which consists of 45 inter-sentential switchings and 14 emblematic (symbolic) switchings. Factors behind the use of code-mising and code-switching are talking about a particular topic, quoting someone else, being emphatic about something, sentence fillers or connectors, intention to clarify discussion content, and repetition used for clarification.Keywords: Code Mixing, Code Switching, Instagram, Usage factors
A novel launch of public-scientist-partnership (PSP) project as engine for conserving natural resource and creating economic prosperity
Authors: Yadav Jaya R.C. 
Published: December 2022

Some developmental projects are created by people-private partnerships (PPP), particularly where recovery is acquirable by levying the users. Such PPPs are successful for construction of roads, bridges, running toilet facilities and conveyance facility in mode of use and pay. Likewise, public-scientist partnerships (PSPs) will be successful, where monitored impacts can be used to derive benefit. But such example cases are not so popular in utilizing new research results and derive benefits from natural resources and enhance productivity. There is a demand for similar partnership projects in research area. In this study modality of the PSP to create boost engine for natural resource conservation and bring economic prosperity is established. A novel PSP launch was synthesized on useful food crop viz. finger millet (Elusiane corcona (l)), which has been known since long past, and now is regaining popularity. It was possible to enhance additional annual production of 5.755 million tonnes of finger millet grain, equivalent to additional income of Rs 11,510 crores. Against this the scientist partnership share was 0.49x million tonnes grain and economic equivalency of Rs 992 crores, which was just 7–8%, with same level of input in agriculture. Additional benefits were sustainability of production and resources consecration, reduction of greenhouse gas emission (GHGs), particularly nitrous oxide (N2O), largely emanating from agriculture and responsible for depletion of ozone layer. The finger millet stiff stem will be useable for production of ply-board filling material that will be innovative building material for housing and infrastructure developments and making furniture.
Lettuce culture in semi-hydroponics with a normal nutrient solution and using treated wastewater
Authors: Rodrigues Sónia , Carvalho Fátima , Almeida Adelaide , Guerreiro Idália , Prazeres Ana , Regato Mariana 
Published: December 2022

This work aimed to evaluate the effects of using three different substrates in the semi-hydroponic culture of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) using two different nutrient solutions. A first trial was performed with a nutrient solution rich in macronutrients and micronutrients suitable for lettuce culture, and a second trial with a nutrient solution with pretreated wastewater from effluents of a cheese factory. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with three repetitions and three substrates were used: perlite, coconut fiber, and expanded clay, in both trials. The following parameters were observed: number of leaves, diameter of the cabbage, fresh and dry weight of the aerial part, chlorophyll index and mineral composition of the lettuce. For the first trial, the highest result for the number of leaves (20 leaves), fresh weight (142.0 g) and dry weight (7.2 g) of the aerial part was obtained in the plants growing on perlite. In the second trial, the highest result for the number of leaves (28 leaves), diameter of cabbage (26.7 cm), fresh weight (118.8 g) and dry weight (9.5 g) of the aerial part were achieved by the plants that were grown in coconut fiber. The nutrient solutions were analyzed after each irrigation cycle to verify the possibility of their discharge into the environment. Several parameters were analyzed: pH, conductivity, redox potential, nitrates, nitrites, ammoniacal nitrogen, chlorides, hardness, calcium, phosphates, sodium, potassium, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and magnesium. Ammoniacal nitrogen was found to be the only nutrient that can limits the discharge of nutrient solutions into the environment. It was also proven that the plants, besides obtaining the nutrients necessary for their development in the semi-hydroponic system with the nutrient solution with pre-treated residual water, also functioned as a purification system, allowing the said nutrient solution to be discharged into the environment at the end of each cycle.
Growth and photochemical efﬁciency of photosystem ii in seedlings of 2 varieties of Capsicum annuum L. inoculated with rhizobacteria or arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
Authors: Ferrera-Cerrato Ronald , Alarcón Alejandro , Almaraz-Suárez Juan José , Delgadillo-Martínez Julián , Jiménez-Fernández Maribel , García-Barradas Oscar 
Published: December 2022

An alternative for sustainable management in the cultivation of Capsicum annuum L. has focused on the use of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). This research selected PGPRPGPR and AMF based on their effect on Bell Pepper and Jalapeño bell pepper plants. Five bacterial strains isolated from different localities in the state of Mexico (P61 [Pseudomonas tolaasii], A46 [P. tolaasii], R44 [Bacillus pumilus], BSP1.1 [Paenibacillus sp.] and OLs-Sf5 [Pseudomonas sp.]) and 3 AMF treatments (H1 [consortium isolated from Chile rhizosphere in the state of Puebla], H2 [Rhizophagus intraradices] and H3 [consortium isolated from lemon rhizosphere from the state of Tabasco]). In addition, a fertilized treatment (Steiner solution 25%) and an absolute control were included. Jalapeño bell pepper “Caloro” and Bell Pepper “California Wonder” seedlings were inoculated with AMF at sowing and with CPB 15 days after emergence, and grown under controlled environment chamber conditions. In Jalapeño bell pepper, the best bacterial strain was P61 and the best AMF treatment was H1; in Bell Pepper the best strain was R44 and the best AMF were H3 and H1. These microorganisms increased the growth of jalapeño bell pepper and Bell Pepper seedlings compared to the unfertilized control. Likewise, P61 and R44 positively beneﬁted the photosynthetic capacity of PSII.
Blackberry (Rubus glaucus Benth.) fertilized with nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and calcium: Effect on anthracnose under controlled conditions
Authors: Bautista-Montealegre Luis Gabriel , Bolaños-Benavides Martha Marina , Argüelles-Cárdenas Jorge Humberto , Fischer Gerhard 
Published: December 2022

In order to seek management alternatives for anthracnose caused by the fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in blackberry (Rubus glaucus Benth.), at the Tibaitatá Research Center of the Colombian Agricultural Research Corporation AGROSAVIA (formerly CORPOICA), an experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of the application of the major elements nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and calcium (Ca) on infections of the fungus C. gloeosporioides strain-52. For this purpose, a randomized complete block design was used with an arrangement of treatments in an orthogonal central composite design. To evaluate the relationship of fertilization levels and disease severity, an artificial inoculation was made on thorny blackberry stems using 0.5 cm mycelial discs at a concentration of 9.53 × 104 conidia. Observations consisted of: disease severity (S), incubation period (IP) and rate of development (r). Data analysis was done by the cluster method on the severity variable, a Pearson correlation analysis between variables, as well as a regression to estimate the effect of nutrients applied on the severity of C. gloeosporioides strain-52. The treatments were concentrated in four groups with the ranges (in parentheses) S (15.9% and 91.8%), PI (9 and 15.3) and Tr (0.0254 and 0.0468). A positive and significant correlation was observed between S and r (P < 0.001) and a negative correlation between PI with S and r (P < 0.001). By means of regression analysis, a linear model was generated that showed a reduction in disease severity with increasing N dose and an increase with the levels of P and Ca applied.
Non-pollinating floral visitors of the Cucurbita genus plants and their relationship with the presence of pollinating bees
Authors: Paola Mazzei Mariana , Luis Vesprini José , Galetto Leonardo 
Published: December 2022

Flower-visiting insects may be pollinators or, conversely, unrelated to the reproductive process of plants. Interactions between pollinating and non-pollinating flower visitors can negatively influence pollen transfer. Little is known about the effects of bee visits on pollination of squash (Cucurbita spp.) flowers and their interactions with the presence of other floral visitors. The study was conducted at the Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias (Universidad Nacional de Rosario) in the south of Santa Fe (Argentina) and evaluated the effect of the presence of non-pollinating floral visitors on bee foraging in the flowers of two cultivated squash species. Flower sex and squash species C. maxima and C. moschata were included as variables. A total of 937 visitors were recorded in 403 flowers. Bees of the tribes Eucerini and Apini were the most abundant pollinators with an average of 2.3 individuals per flower during 10 minutes of observation. Diptera, flower sex and squash species did not influence the number of bee visits, whereas the prolonged stay of coleoptera and formicids negatively affected the presence of bees on both squash species. The presence of coleoptera reduced bee visits by 38%, while in the presence of ants, bees did not visit the flowers. The theft of nectar and pollen by non-pollinating floral visitors could have a negative effect on the reproductive success of squash.
Increase in okra production with the addition of nitrogen
Authors: Coutinho-Miranda Valdilene , Pascual-Reyes Irais Dolores , Torquato-Tavares Aline , Gonçalves-Carline João Victor , Silva-Sousa Kássio Abel , Rodrigues-do-Nascimento Ildon 
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Growth, yield and quality of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) are related to fertilizer application, being nitrogen (N) the most outstanding, due to its direct relationship with photosynthesis and vegetative growth of the plant. Objective: The objective was to evaluate the agronomic and productivity characteristics of okra as a function of N dose. Materials and methods: The study was conducted at the experimental area of Campus Gurupi, the Universidad Federal de Tocantins (UFT), Brazil, in two planting periods (autumn/winter and spring/summer). The experimental design used was randomized block design (RBD) with six treatments (50, 100, 150, 150, 200 and 250 kg N ha-1) and four replications. Urea was used as a source of N. The characteristics evaluated were: productivity, average fruit mass, height and plant chlorophyll index. Results: Productivity and plant height were superior in the fall/winter crop. Mean fruit mass and chlorophyll index were not influenced by planting time. For productivity, a linear response was obtained with increasing dose up to the limit of the N dose used (250 kg ha-1), with a mean value higher than 14 t of fruit. Mean mass and plant height responded linearly to increasing N dose. Nitrogen affected the chlorophyll index, with maximum values of 45.96 and 47.19, observed in the two evaluation periods. Conclusion: Planting time and N content in the soil interacted with plant height, being favorable in the period without precipitation. N influenced all the characteristics, demonstrating the importance of nitrogen fertilization in the development of okra plants.
Physiological changes of pitayo fruit (Stenocereus thurberi) before and after harvest in Sonoran Desert
Authors: Mercado-Ruiz Jorge Nemesio , Ojeda Contreras Angel Javier , Tiznado Hernández Martín Ernesto 
Published: December 2022

Open pitaya (Stenocereus thurberi) flowers were marked at 10, 20, 30 and 40 days after ﬂoration (DAF). When fruit were formed, they were collected from each of the dates with the objective of evaluating physical, physiological and quality changes before and after harvest. In fruits with different DAF, the analyses of fruit size (diameter and length), weight, density, firmness, color in pulp and peel (L*, a* and b*), respiration rate (CO2) and ethylene production were carried out. In the case of ripe and overripe fruit, in addition to the variables mentioned above, pH, percentage of total soluble solids TSS and total acidity (% citric acid equivalents) were evaluated. Fruit with 40 DAF were stored for up to 14 days at 25 ℃ and 80% RH to evaluate daily changes in respiration rate and ethylene production. It was found that during development the fruit tended to grow more in length than in diameter. In color, the best indicators of changes during fruit development were the parameters L* and b* for peel and for flesh L* and a*. For firmness in pitaya fruits, no signiﬁcant differences were found with the methodology used. Changes in ethylene production and respiration rate during storage and development showed the usual behavior of climacteric fruits. Pitaya fruits with 40 FDD presented quality characteristics similar to those accepted by the consumer for this type of fruit. It is concluded that it is possible to evaluate the different stages of development in DDF of pitaya fruit based on the changes of the color space variables L*, a* and b*, in addition to the fact that the fruit follows the classical climacteric behavior.
Analysis of alternatives for the production of vegetative seed of Arracacia xanthorrhiza Bancroft in Tolima, Colombia
Authors: Atencio Solano Liliana Margarita , Villamil Carvajal Jorge Enrique , Garnica Montaña Johanna Paola , Martínez Reina Antonio María 
Published: December 2022

The propagation of plant material in the arracacha crop is commonly done vegetatively through asexual seed, this activity has allowed its multiplication and conservation over time. The plant material available is of low quality, affecting the development and potential yield of the crop and therefore the producer’s income. The objective of the research was to comparatively analyze two technologies for the production of arracacha seed: local technology and Agrosavia technology. The information for the local technology was obtained from surveys applied to farmers and the selection was made using the deterministic sampling technique, and for the Agrosavia technology through the recording of data and production costs in research lots at commercial scale. Descriptive statistics and calculation of economic return indicators were applied for the two situations. The results show that the use of quality seed allows obtaining higher seed production (251,559 unit ha-1) and tuberous roots (25,875 kg ha-1), being superior to local technology by 14% and 28% respectively; thus, the arracacha producer acquires greater economic efficiency by obtaining lower unit cost per kilo produced and better net income with a marginal rate of return of 316.45. The results achieved are useful for farmers, companies and entities that wish to produce quality seed and support the arracacha production system in Colombia.
Modalities and planting seasons in lettuce cultivation in Gurupi, state of Tocantins (Gurupi-To), Brazil
Authors: Ferreira Tiago Alves , Pascual Reyes Irais Dolores , Torquato Tavares Aline , Do Nascimento Ildon Rodrigues 
Published: December 2022

Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is the main leafy vegetable grown in Brazil. Its productivity and quality are limited by the growing season, the nearby environment and the type of cultivar adopted. The objective of this work was to verify at different times of the year the best planting environment for lettuce cultivation in a semi-humid tropical climate. For this purpose, an experiment was set up in three different seasons (October–November 2014, January–March, May–July 2015). The experimental design was randomized blocks, in a 3 × 3 × 2 factorial arrangement, consisting of three seasons, three cultivars (cvs. Vera®, Tainá® and Rafaela®) and two growing environments (low tunnel with beds protected with mulching consisting of soil protection with plastic fabric covering, and beds without protection or conventional cultivation) and four replicates per treatment. Plant biomass, stem length, head diameter, number of leaves per head and crop productivity were evaluated as response parameters. The results showed that the May–July period favored biomass production, head diameter and productivity. Despite the similarity between varieties, the variety Vera® is more productive in biomass, number of leaves per head, stem length and productivity. The low tunnel planting system with mulching is adequate under the conditions evaluated for lettuce cultivation. This system in the May–July period favors a superior development in the characteristics biomass, head diameter and productivity, if compared to conventional cultivation during the October–November period.
Commercial classification and physicochemical characterization of beets from a no-till vegetable planting system under different densities of corn stover
Authors: De Oliveira Pacheco Bruna Regina , Rauana Makoski Jessica , Madruga Lima Cláudia Simone , Gerhardt da Rosa Gabriela 
Published: December 2022

The cultivation of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) for table or horticultural purposes is largely carried out in the conventional way which is characterized by intense mechanization causing soil degradation and high labor costs. New cultivation techniques are being employed in the production of vegetables aiming to ensure improvements in environmental and economic conditions, such as the no-till farming system. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the vegetable classification and physicochemical characteristics of beets from different corn planting densities. The experiment was conducted in the period from October 2018 to June 2019 in the municipality of Nova Laranjeiras (PR). Corn was used as a cover plant and the vegetable used was beet cultivar Early Wonder Tall Top. The experimental design used was in interspersed blocks in unifactorial scheme (corn densities 40, 60, 80, 100 thousand plants/ha and control) with four blocks, with plots 3.60 m long and 1.20 m wide. The parameters evaluated 60 days after planting were: commercial classification (class, group, subgroup, category), length, diameter, mass, pulp firmness, soluble solids, titratable acidity, pH and ratio, phenolic compounds. Of which the variables that were not significant at 0.5 probability were length, category (defects), firmness, subgroup (flesh color), soluble solids and phenolic compounds. It is concluded that high densities of corn as mulch for SPDH of sugar beet crop negatively affect the grade and physicochemical characterization of the products.
Analysis of precipitation in the Danube Lowland (Slovakia) in 1921–2020
Authors: Kišš Vladimír , Čimo Ján , Tárník Andrej , Pagáč Jakub 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Climate change is increasingly occurring not only in Slovakia and Europe, but worldwide. One of the consequences is frequent droughts alternating with extreme rainfall. Drought, especially in the spring months, causes water shortages in the soil and limited crop growth. Extreme rainfall causes frequent floods and destroys crops and property. The aim of this work was to statistically evaluate precipitation during January–December for the period 1921–2020 in the most fertile part of Slovakia – the Danube Lowland. The results show a statistically significant (p <0.10) decrease in precipitation in April and an increase in September, with the annual total precipitation from 535 to 600 mm (except for extremes in some years). The work provides a statistical analysis of changes and rainfall distributions over 100 years, which can help identify and address drought problems.
Interaction of the birch-bark terpenoids with human and bovine serum albumins
Authors: Kalchev Karamfil , Hristova Iva , Manova Gergana , Manov Lyubomir 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Interactions between pentacyclic triterpenes isolated from white birch (Betula pendula Roth.) bark samples from Northeast Bulgaria and bovine serum albumin or human serum albumin were investigated using fluorescence techniques. The experimental results show the formation of complexes between the isolated triterpenes with serum albumins. Quenching of the intrinsic fluorescence of human serum albumins was monitored by emission spectra of varied quencher concentration solutions. By analysing the fluorescence spectra and fluorescence intensity, some parameters of the serum albumins - quencher interaction were determined to evaluate the type of quenching. An extract containing the isolated triterpenes formed complexes with both bovine serum albumin and human serum albumin, leading to quenching the fluorescence of both albumins by a combined quenching mechanism.
Perbandingan fungsi paru antara mahasiswa perokok dan bukan perokok di Fakultas Teknik Universitas Tarumanagara
Authors: Natalie Verren , Lontoh Susy Olivia 
Published: December 2022

Rokok mengandung banyak zat berbahaya yang dapat mengakibatkan pembengkakan atau penyempitan saluran udara, kelebihan lendir pada paru, dan gangguan sistem pembersihan paru. Penumpukan zat beracun tersebut menyebabkan iritasi paru, dan akhirnya menurunkan fungsi paru. Penurunan fungsi paru dihubungkan dengan penurunan nilai kapasitas vital paru, kapasitas vital paksa, dan volume ekspirasi paksa satu detik. Ketiga parameter fungsi paru tersebut dapat diukur dengan menggunakan alat spirometri. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk membandingkan fungsi paru antara perokok dan bukan perokok. Penelitian analitik observasional potong lintang ini melibatkan 82 mahasiswa teknik Universitas Tarumanagara yang berusia 20 - 25 tahun. Kebiasaan merokok diukur dengan kuesioner dan tes fungsi paru dengan alat spirometri. Data dianalisa dengan uji statistik Pearson Chi-square. Berdasarkan indeks Brickman, pada 41 responden bukan perokok, 15 orang diantaranya memiliki fungsi paru normal. sedangkan diantara 41 responden perokok, 32 orang mengalami kelainan fungsi paru. Antara perokok dan bukan perokok, didapatkan perbedaan fungsi paru berdasarkan volume ekspirasi paksa satu detik (P=0.008), namun tidak didapatkan perbedaan fungsi paru berdasarkan kapasitas vital paru dan kapasitas vital paksa (secara berurutan, P=0.185 dan P=0.073).