bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinematics and directionality of body turning in water striders (Gerris argentatus) on the water surface
Authors: Meshkani Javad , Rajabi Hamed , Kovalev Alexander , Gorb Stanislav N. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWater striders inhabit the elastic surface tension film of water, sharing their environment with other aquatic organisms. Their survival relies heavily on swift maneuverability and navigation around floating obstacles, which aids in the exploration of their habitat and in escaping from potential threats. Their high agility is strongly based on the ability to execute precise turns, enabling effective directional control. This paper investigates the intricate coordination of leg movements essential for initiating and sustaining turning maneuvers in water striders. We elucidate the distinct roles of each leg in modulating posture and stability during turns, with a focus on the pivotal role of the midlegs in maintaining directional movement. Through analysis of leg accelerations, decelerations, and load distribution, we unveil the spatiotemporal dynamics governing successful turns. Our findings reveal refined turning strategies employed by water striders in varying situations, from narrow to wide turns, characterized by adaptations in their locomotor system, particularly in the widening of the sculling field. Additionally, we report the phenomenon of reverse sculling, a novel escape tactic of water striders. By shedding light on the maneuverability of water striders, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of animal locomotion strategies in aquatic environments.
Elevated p16Ink4a Expression Enhances Tau Phosphorylation in Neurons Differentiated From Human‐Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Holloway Kristopher , Neherin Kashfia , Song Yingduo , Sato Kazuhito , Houston Andrew , Chen Feng , Ding Li , Zhang Hong 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIncreased expression of the cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor p16Ink4a (p16) is detected in neurons of human Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains and during normal aging. Importantly, selective eliminating p16‐expressing cells in AD mouse models attenuates tau pathologies and improves cognition. But whether and how p16 contributes to AD pathogenesis remains unclear. To address this question, we tested whether induction of p16 expression in neurons exacerbates AD pathologies. We created a doxycycline‐inducible system to trigger p16 up‐regulation in human‐induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and neurons differentiated from iPSCs. We demonstrated that up‐regulated p16 expression in iPSCs reduces cell proliferation, down‐regulates cell cycle genes, and up‐regulates genes involved in focal adhesion, interferon α response and PI3K‐Akt signaling. Our approach enables temporal control of p16 induction upon differentiation from iPSCs to neurons. In differentiated cortical neurons, we found that up‐regulation of p16 increases tau phosphorylation at Ser202/Thr205 and Thr231 in a cell‐autonomous manner, while amyloid beta secretion is not affected. These data suggest a critical role of p16 in regulating tau phosphorylation in neurons, and thereby contributing to pathological progression of AD. As pathological tau tangles have been shown to induce p16 expression, our studies suggest a positive feedback loop between p16 and tau to exacerbate tau pathologies.
Altered Functional Connectivity of Prefrontal Cortex‐Related Circuitry and Trait Impulsivity in Patients With Bipolar Disorder and History of Suicide Attempts
Authors: Huang Mao‐Hsuan , Kuan Yi‐Hsuan , Tu Pei‐Chi , Chang Wan‐Chen , Chan Yee‐Lam E. , Su Tung‐Ping 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe neurobiological basis of impulsivity and its role in suicide attempt (SA) in BD remains underexplored. This study aimed to examine the functional connectivity (FC) within the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in BD patients with and without a history of SA, focusing on the role of trait impulsivity.MethodsSeventy‐two euthymic BD patients (34 with a history of SA, BDSA; and 38 without, BDNS) and 55 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls underwent resting‐state functional MRI. FC analyses were conducted on four PFC regions: superior frontal gyrus (SFG), middle frontal gyrus (MFG), inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). Trait impulsivity was assessed using the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS‐11), and its association with FC was analyzed using a general linear model, adjusting for demographic and clinical variables.ResultsBDSA had higher trait impulsivity than BDNS and the controls. BDSA exhibited reduced FC between the PFC and sensorimotor (postcentral and precentral gyri) and thalamic regions compared to BDNS. These reductions in FC of the fronto‐thalamic and fronto‐sensorimotor circuits were significantly associated with higher trait impulsivity scores.ConclusionThe findings highlight specific PFC‐based FC alterations associated with suicide attempts and trait impulsivity in BD, offering potential neurobiological markers for suicide risk in this population.
COVID‐19 and the impact of vaccination on the disease morbidity of Polish paediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Derda Edyta , Meglicka Monika , Wiernicka Anna , Osiecki Marcin , Kierkuś Jarosław , Szymańska Edyta 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAimWe evaluated the frequency and severity of COVID‐19, and vaccination status, in children with different forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).MethodsThis was a prospective, observational cohort study that used a questionnaire to gather data on the patients' vaccination doses, medication and disease activity. Disease flare was defined as worsening IBD symptoms and changes in medication. Outcomes were stratified by vaccine type and medication classes.ResultsThe questionnaire was completed by 320 children with IBD, and their parents or carers: 52.8% had Crohn disease, 46.9% had ulcerative colitis and 0.3% were unclassified. Just over a third (35.6%) had COVID‐19, which was mild in 69.3%, moderate in 27.2% and severe in 3.5%. We found that 127 patients received at least one vaccine dose, but 23 patients were vaccinated after they had COVID‐19 and were classified as unvaccinated. This meant that 104 vaccinated patients and 216 unvaccinated patients were studied. A fifth (20.2%) of the vaccinated children developed COVID‐19, compared to 43.1% of the unvaccinated children.ConclusionVaccination status had no statistically significant impact on the severity of COVID‐19. Morbidity rates were similar between patients with Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis.
Alcohol–Related Liver Disease, Followed by Metabolic Dysfunction–Associated Steatotic Liver Disease, Emerges as the Fastest‐Growing Aetiologies for Primary Liver Cancer in the United States
Authors: Danpanichkul Pojsakorn , Duangsonk Kwanjit , Kalligeros Markos , Fallon Michael B. , Vuthithammee Chawinthorn , Pan Chun Wei , Saokhieo Preenapun , Derrick William , Pang Yanfang , Chen Vincent L. , Kim Donghee , Singal Amit G. , Yang Ju Dong , Wijarnpreecha Karn 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectivePrimary liver cancer (PLC) is projected to be the third leading cause of cancer mortality in the United States in 2040. We examine the burden of PLC in the United States, stratified by sex, state and aetiological risk factors.MethodsData on PLC prevalence, incidence, death and disability–adjusted life years (DALYs) were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Changes in these parameters were calculated using the Joinpoint regression model.ResultsThere were 47,970 cases, 31,450 incident cases, 24,770 deaths and 576,920 DALYs from PLC in the United States. The highest prevalence (16,980), incidence (12,040), death (9840) and DALYs (213,410) from PLC were due to chronic hepatitis C virus infection. From 2000 to 2021, PLC incidences increased by 141%, and PLC deaths increased by 136%. Age–standardised incidence rates (ASIRs) and death rates (ASDRs) per 100,000 population for PLC increased, primarily driven by alcohol–related liver disease (ALD) (ASIR: annual percent change [APC]: +2.40%; ASDR: APC: +2.22%) and metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) (ASIR: APC: +2.32%; ASDR: APC: +2.04%).ConclusionThe burden of PLC in the United States has risen in the past two decades, driven mainly by ALD and followed by MASLD. These findings offer policymakers an accurate assessment of the PLC burden and emphasise the need for targeted risk factor mitigation, especially regarding alcohol related policy.
Inclusive Research for an Inclusive University: Analysing the Investiguem Programme Experience
Authors: Moliner Odet , Orozco Inmaculada 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundAn increasing number of Spanish universities have been promoting post‐compulsory education for the social and occupational inclusion of young people with intellectual, developmental and/or autism spectrum disabilities. In this study, we critically analysed Investiguem, an inclusive research training programme developed at a Spanish university. This analysis was driven by a twofold aim: to assess the impact of the programme as a transformative endeavour for participants and to analyse the tension‐related effects of the programme on university research cultures, policies and practices.MethodsMethodologically, this study was a programme evaluation.FindingsThe results revealed substantial changes in participating students in terms of the personal, social and research competencies that they acquired. They also became empowered, gained self‐determination, actively participated in all phases of research and developed greater independence and autonomy. Researchers involved in the programme reported changes in the questioning of their roles and positioning as researchers, the ethics and usefulness of research, accessibility and trust in young individuals.ConclusionsThe findings provide practical implications based on a counter‐hegemonic model of inclusive research uncovered elements that put a strain on research cultures, practices and policies to improve them.
Plant–pollinator interactions in apple orchards from a production and conservation perspective
Authors: Mupepele Anne‐Christine , von Königslöw Vivien , Bleile Anna‐Maria , Fornoff Felix , Fründ Jochen , Klein Alexandra‐Maria 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn an agricultural landscape, production and conservation ideally go hand in hand. In a win‐win scenario, conservation measures, such as hedges and flower strips, provide support for biodiversity and crop production for example by increased pollination and pollinator diversity. However, these conservation measures may also decrease pollination by attracting pollinators and competing with crop flower visits. Here, we studied plant–pollinator interactions from two different perspectives. First, we looked at the production perspective investigating whether plant–pollinator networks differed between apple orchards with and without adjacent flower strips and hedges. With help of the Bayes factor, we investigated similarity and conclude that there are no differences between pollination networks with or without adjacent flower strips and hedges. Second, we looked at the conservation perspective and analyzed the impact of hedges and flower strips on pollinators and their interactions with plants before and after apple bloom in April. We showed that apple pollinators used more flower resources in flower strips and hedges across the whole season compared to isolated orchards. In orchards with flower strips and hedges, interactions were more constant over time. We conclude that flower strips and hedges are beneficial for conservation of apple pollinators without being harmful for apple flower pollination.
Anterior prefrontal EEG theta activities indicate memory and executive functions in patients with epilepsy
Authors: Hamedi Nastaran , García‐Salinas Jesús S. , Berry Brent M. , Worrell Gregory A. , Kucewicz Michal T. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractObjectiveCognitive deficits are one of the most debilitating comorbidities in epilepsy and other neurodegenerative, neuropsychiatric, and neurodevelopmental brain disorders. Current diagnostic and therapeutic options are limited and lack objective measures of the underlying neural activities. In this study, electrophysiological biomarkers that reflect cognitive functions in clinically validated batteries were determined to aid diagnosis and treatment in specific brain regions.MethodsWe employed the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) tasks to probe memory and executive functions in 86 patients with epilepsy undergoing clinical electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring. EEG electrode signals during performance of particular battery tasks were decomposed to identify specific frequency bands and cortical areas that differentiated patients with impaired, normal, and good standardized performance according to their age and gender.ResultsThe anterior prefrontal cortical EEG power in the theta frequency band was consistently lower in patients with impaired memory and executive function performance (z‐score < −1). This effect was evident in all four behavioral measures of executive, visual, spatial, and working memory functions and was confined to the cortical area of all four frontal pole electrodes (Nz, Fpz, Fp1, and Fp2).SignificanceTheta EEG power in the anterior prefrontal cortex provides simple, accessible, and objective electrophysiological measure of memory and executive functions in epilepsy. Our results suggest a feasible clinical biomarker for diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of cognitive deficits with emerging targeted neuromodulation approaches.
Non‐acrylate UV‐LED nail gel with high bio‐renewable content based on hydrophobic organic‐inorganic hybrid system
Authors: Hayeri Tahereh Neda , Mannari Vijay 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe widespread utilization of nail gels in the cosmetic and beauty industry, with an anticipated market value of US $65.8 Million by 2026, has raised concerns about health risks associated with conventional compositions containing monomeric acrylate reactive diluents. Technical challenges, such as oxygen inhibition leading to incomplete cure and hence tackiness after curing, further complicate their application process. This study investigates UV‐LED nail gels utilizing an innovative organic–inorganic hybrid (OIH) binder system, as the utilization of OIH coatings in nail gels has been scarcely, if at all, reported, with a substantial bio‐based content (>50%) without the use of any acrylate oligomer/monomers. By eliminating hazardous monomeric acrylates and addressing challenges related to free radical polymerization, the formulated nail gels achieve a 100% solid composition, free from VOC and HAPs, and possess significant bio‐renewable content, ensuring safety, sustainability, and compliance with essential requirements.
Bridging the Gap Between Lagrangian and Eulerian Species Distribution Models for Abundance Estimation—A Simulation Experiment
Authors: Lambert Charlotte , Bonnet‐Lebrun Anne‐Sophie , Grémillet David 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAimIn mobile species, individual movement decisions based on biotic and abiotic conditions determine how individuals interact with the environment, heterospecifics and conspecifics. Accordingly, these decisions underpin all ecological principles and structure broader spatial patterns at the population and species level. Species distribution models (SDMs) are therefore paramount in ecology, with implications for both fundamental and applied studies. There are many robust SDM techniques, from individual‐scale (Lagrangian) to population‐scale (Eulerian) models. Their outputs routinely support wildlife management, conservation, or risk assessments. Yet, it remains unclear whether SDMs built at individual and population scales infer the same processes, and whether the spatial distributions they predict are comparable. Here, we address this key question with a simulation exercise.LocationVirtual environment.TaxonVirtual species.MethodsFirst, we simulated the individual movements of two highly mobile species, one central‐place forager and one free ranger. Second, we surveyed the species at the individual‐scale, replicating Lagrangian studies by tracking individual movements, and at the population‐scale, replicating Eulerian surveys by censusing the study area with standardised protocols. The resulting data were analysed following well‐established statistical methods to assess species abundance distribution. We used Resource Selection Functions (RSFs) for Lagrangian data and Density Surface Models (DSMs) for Eulerian data.Results and Main ConclusionsBoth Lagrangian and Eulerian SDMs adequately estimated the species' relationship with environmental conditions. Although some fine‐scale differences occurred, both perspectives yielded highly correlated spatial distributions (correlations of 0.8–1.0 between pairs of models), and successfully predicted true abundance distributions (correlations of 0.6–0.7 with the true abundance distribution). Our results demonstrate that Lagrangian and Eulerian SDMs are statistically consistent and directly comparable, which is of great importance for conservation science. This provides crucial guidance for the combination of predictions from both model types to inform spatial planning within a wide range of management contexts.
Effects of Organic and Synthetic Fertiliser on Insect Herbivore Populations in Quinoa
Authors: Oeller Liesl , Lee Benjamin W. , Basu Saumik , Murphy Kevin M. , Crowder David W. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTFertilisers are used in agriculture to promote crop productivity. There are many nutrient sources in fertilisers, and different sources cause variation in plant defence and pest tolerance. Assessing how pests respond to different types of fertilisers is key to develop integrated pest management programs. Here, we assessed how two fertilisers applied to quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) affected cowpea aphid (Aphis craccivora Koch.) and Lygus spp. survival and reproduction. Quinoa is a newly introduced crop in the USA, and fertiliser regimes using organic or synthetic nitrogen sources are being evaluated. We quantified growth and survival of each pest on organic‐ and synthetic‐fertilised quinoa for two varieties in cages and the open field. We also quantified gene expression associated with three phytohormones involved in chemical defence to identify potential mechanisms of treatment effects. In cages, organic‐fertilised quinoa had the fewest aphids and lowest Lygus survival. However, the effects were weaker in the open field, where aphids were marginally less abundant on organic‐fertilised plants and no effects of fertiliser on Lygus were observed. There was also evidence for fertiliser altering defence gene expression, suggesting a possible mechanism impacting pest behaviour and fitness. Overall, our study shows that fertilisers from different sources may provide varying levels of pest control in quinoa crops.
Does Cigarette Smoke Affect Permanent Resin‐Based Crown Materials?
Authors: Sonkaya Ezgi , Soygun Koray , Kahraman Öykü Ceren 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to investigate how cigarette smoking affects the surface roughness (Ra) and stainability of additively and subtractively manufactured resins.Materials and MethodsTwo additively manufactured definitive resins (Dentafab, DF and Formlabs, FL) and a subtractively manufactured resin nanoceramic (Cerasmart, CS) were used to fabricate 60 specimens (14 × 12 × 1 mm). After taking baseline Ra and color measurements (ΔE00), they were divided into two groups (n = 10). Using a programmable cigarette smoking simulation device, the study groups smoked 10 cigarettes a day for 30 days. The control groups were kept in artificial saliva for 30 days. The Ra and ΔE00 were performed again. Scanning electron microscope images were taken. Kruskal–Wallis test, Mann–Whitney U, Bonferroni, and Wilcoxon Signed Rank tests were used for statistical analyses (α = 0.05).ResultSignificantly less discoloration was observed in the FL group compared with the other groups (p < 0.001). The Ra of the DF study groups was statistically significantly higher than the control groups (p = 0.005).ConclusionAll the tested materials had moderately unacceptable color change when previously reported threshold values were considered. There was not found to be any linear correlation between the Ra of materials and smoking‐induced discoloration.Clinical SignificanceThe discoloration and surface roughness of three‐dimensional (3D)‐produced SLA definitive resin because of smoking are at acceptable levels. Optimized physical and chemical properties of definitive resins are clinically important to extend the life of the restoration. The application of 3D definitive resin can be recommended in clinical practice.
Merger and Entry With Learning
Authors: Guéron Yves , Lee Jihong 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTWe study dynamic market competition between a monopoly incumbent and an entrant experimenting with disruptive innovation. The incumbent can pursue the uncertain innovation after acquiring the disruptor, who may be more productive and privately know its ability. Mergers generate synergies. We characterize perfect equilibria in Markov strategies on bargaining and R&D. The equilibrium path is determined by the interaction between market belief in the unobservable state and the distribution of private information. Asymmetric information generates failed mergers and buyout effects. Inefficient mergers arise from imperfect returns to R&D. There may be under‐ or over‐investment. We provide implications for antitrust policy.
Symbiosis in Sea Anemones: A Few Case Reports Along the Bay of Bengal Large Marine Ecosystem
Authors: Ranjith L. , Saravanan R. , Ramkumar S. , Kalidas C. , Vinothkumar R. , Linga Prabu D. , Kavitha M. , Mathan Babu A. , Kalaibharathi R. , Asha P. S. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe most well‐known relationship is between sea anemones and decapod crustaceans, of which crabs are classic examples of mutualistic interactions in which both organisms benefit from living with zooxanthellae and hermatypic or reef‐forming corals. A marine ecology study off the southern coast of Tamil Nadu revealed five types of sea anemones that cohabit symbiotically with other marine animals. These species include Stichodactyla haddoni (Saville‐Kent, 1893), Entacmaea quadricolor (Leuckart in Ruppell and Leukart, 1828), Radianthus (=Heteractis) magnifica (Quoy and Gaimard, 1833), Radianthus (=Heteractis) crispa (Ehrenberg, 1834), and Calliactis polypus (Forsskal, 1775), are found in symbiotic associations. This observation revealed that the decapod porcelain crab Neopetrolisthes is associated with the sea anemones Radianthus and Entacmaea, whereas this has not been reported in Stichodactyla. The hermit crab anemone, C. polypus, is generally associated with hermit crabs, and we report this association for the first time in live gastropod, Turbinella pyrum (Linnaeus, 1767). A few animals (both the host and symbiont) were brought to the cnidarian laboratory at the ICAR‐Tuticorin Regional Station of the CMFRI, where they were maintained in optimum seawater for further observations. The present study aimed to compare previous reports of symbiosis in decapod crustaceans and gastropods with sea anemones from Indian waters to provide insight into the dynamics of symbiosis in the Bay of Bengal Large Marine Ecosystem.