bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A randomised trial comparing transurethral to percutaneous cystolithotripsy in boys
Authors: Shahat Ahmed A. , Kamel Ahmed A. , Taha Taha M. , Abonnoor Ahmad Elbadry I. , Reda Ahmed , Faddan Amr A. , Elderwy Ahmad A. , Safwat Ahmed S. , Kurkar Adel , Abdelkawi Islam F. 
Published: January 2022

ObjectiveTo compare the efficacy and morbidity of transurethral cystolithotripsy (TUCL) and percutaneous CL (PCCL) in the management of bladder stones in male children.Patients and MethodsA total of 100 boys, aged <14 years with a single bladder or urethral stone of <30 mm, were randomised into two equal groups. Initial diagnostic urethro‐cystoscopy and push back of urethral stones were done for patients in both groups. Patients in Group A had TUCL, while those in Group B had PCCL through a 20‐F sheath using a 12‐F nephroscope. The two groups were compared regarding preoperative criteria, intraoperative details, and postoperative outcomes.ResultsThe patients in this study had a median (range) age of 36 (4–144) months and stone size of 10 (5–26) mm. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups for preoperative criteria. The assigned procedure was successful in 48 (96%) patients in Group A and 49 (98%) in Group B (P = 1). Complications were encountered in 11 (22%) patients in Group A and five (10%) in Group B (P = 0.171). The median (range) operative time was 21.5 (4–90) min in Group A and 13 (5–70) min in Group B (P < 0.001). In all, 47 (94%) stones needed disintegration in Group A vs 22 (44%) in Group B (P < 0.001).ConclusionBoth techniques have comparable success and complications rates. However, PCCL has a shorter operative time and less need for stone disintegration.
The unintended consequences of COVID‐19 public health measures on health care for children with medical complexity
Authors: Baumbusch Jennifer , Lloyd Jennifer E. V. , Lamden‐Bennett Shawna R. , Ou Christine 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimThe aim of this work is to explore the unintended consequences of pandemic public health measures on health care service usage by children with medical complexity.BackgroundMedical complexity is characterized by the presence of complex, chronic conditions requiring specialized care, substantial health needs, functional dependence and/or limitations, and frequent health care usage. Children with medical complexity are among the highest users of paediatric health care services.MethodsA web‐based, cross‐sectional survey was conducted in British Columbia, Canada, between August and September 2020. Inclusion criteria were (a) parent/guardian of at least one child (age 0 to 18 years, inclusive) with medical complexity and (b) residence in British Columbia. A convenience sample of 156 parents completed the survey. Data were analysed using a series of descriptive analyses (frequencies, cross‐tabulations) and inferential analyses (binary logistic regressions).ResultsRespondents provided information for 188 children with medical complexity. Access to allied health therapies (physio, occupational, and speech and language) and medical specialists drastically declined in the initial months of the pandemic, with a shift from in‐person to virtual platforms for these aspects of care. Regression modelling indicated that age and family structure influenced decisions to use in‐patient hospital services.ConclusionsPublic health measures implemented in the initial months of the pandemic decreased access to health care services for children with medical complexity. The long‐term ramifications of these measures are unknown. Family structure was found to influence decisions to avoid accessing Emergency Department care. Given the volume of services used by these children, paediatric hospital leaders need to take their unique needs into consideration in disaster planning to ensure minimal disruptions in care.
Developmental costs associated with early maternal withdrawal
Authors: Lyons‐Ruth Karlen , Yarger Heather A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractNeglect is the most prevalent form of maltreatment, but it has been understudied relative to abuse. Additionally, developmental outcomes associated with early maternal withdrawal have been understudied relative to outcomes associated with harsh treatment. However, a large body of studies on rodents has documented the causal effect of low maternal care on altered stress responses in offspring. Other evidence from human studies links early maternal withdrawal to clinical levels of neglect. Studies of both rodents and humans suggest that, rather than the aversive responses (e.g., fight, flight, freeze) modeled in relation to threat of attack or harsh treatment, early maternal withdrawal is associated with increased calling and contact seeking to mothers. Moreover, two longitudinal studies indicate that early maternal withdrawal, but not negative‐intrusive interaction, contributes to adolescent borderline psychopathology. The field needs prospective studies with well‐operationalized constructs of maternal withdrawal to delineate the distinct developmental pathways that may be associated with neglect.
Systematic reviews on the success of dental implants present low spin of information but may be better reported and interpreted: An overview of systematic reviews with meta‐analysis
Authors: de Lucena Alves Charles Phillipe , Vetromilla Bruna Muhlinberg , Moreno Laura Barreto , Helal Lucas , Sarkis‐Onofre Rafael , Pereira‐Cenci Tatiana 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence of spin and completeness of reporting of systematic reviews with metanalysis (SRMAs) in implant dentistry.Study Design and SettingInclusion criteria were SRMAs of randomized clinical trials of implant dentistry on survival, success, or failure rates in humans, with no language restriction. Three databases were searched from inception to May 2021. Main outcomes were prevalence of spin (primary outcome) and completeness of reporting (secondary outcome) in abstracts and full texts.ResultsWe identified 2481 SRMAs and 45 unique manuscripts were included. There was a low presence of spin in the abstracts and full text, except for adverse events, in which 51.1% (in the abstract) failed to mention any adverse event for summarized interventions. There was an adequate report of SRMAs in the full text except for prospective register (33.3% not reported). However, there was an incomplete report for most items in the abstract considering PRISMA‐A checklist.ConclusionIn general, the included SRMAs presented a (a) low prevalence of spin (except for adverse events in the abstract); (b) adequate completeness of reporting in the full text (except for prospective register); and (c) incomplete report for most items in the abstracts.
Observations of multiple reproductive females in groups of smooth‐coated otters
Authors: Bungum Haaken Zhong , Tan Mei‐Mei Heng Yee , Borker Atul , Hsu Chia Da , Johns Philip 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSmooth‐coated otters (Lutrogale perspicillata) inhabit waterways of India and Singapore. Smooth‐coated otters typically live in family groups, or “romps,” consisting of a single mating pair with adult‐sized, nonbreeding offspring. We note here the presence of multiple reproductive female otters within some romps, as well as the possible existence of simultaneous litters by different mothers. This finding has not been reported among L. perspicillata before. We address possible influences leading to multiple reproductive females (MRF) within romps of smooth‐coated otters, including inclusive fitness, incomplete suppression of reproduction and existing in an urban environment. The numerous observations of MRF warrant further investigation.
The Force of Love: Type II Diabetes in Vietnam as Tentatively Transformative Experience
Authors: Gammeltoft Tine M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn Vietnam, as in many other countries across the world, type II diabetes is attaining epidemic proportions. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork conducted in Vietnam's Thái Bình province, this article highlights the affective complexities that arise when people strive to adjust to a life with this chronic, debilitating disease. While finding their daily existence radically altered, people with diabetes also actively resisted transformation, insisting on the continuity of their lives. This resistance to transformation was, the research revealed, fueled by the force of love: when their disease threatened to place them at the margins of family and community, people responded by enacting love, striving to attend to others as they always had. This study from Vietnam illustrates how transformative experiences may be characterized by hesitation, reluctance, and resistance, as people work against change while at the same time ambivalently embracing it.Tóm Tắt Tại Việt Nam cũng như nhiều nơi khác trên thế giới, bệnh đái tháo đường týp 2 đang có tỷ lệ mắc cao. Dựa trên nghiên cứu điền dã khảo tả dân tộc học thực hiện tại tỉnh Thái Bình, Việt Nam, bài báo này nêu bật những phức hợp cảm xúc diễn ra khi người bệnh cố gắng thích ứng với cuộc sống cùng căn bệnh mạn tính gây suy nhược này. Trong khi nhận ra đời sống thường nhật của họ đã thay đổi mạnh mẽ, những người bệnh tham gia trong nghiên cứu này cũng nỗ lực kháng cự lại sự chuyển biến, nhất mực tiếp tục cuộc đời họ. Sự kháng cự chuyển biến này, như nghiên cứu đã chỉ ra, chứa chất sức mạnh yêu thương: khi căn bệnh đẩy họ ra bên lề gia đình và cộng đồng, người ta đã đáp lại bằng cách bộc lộ sự yêu thương, nỗ lực chăm sóc nhau như họ vẫn hằng thế. Nghiên cứu từ Việt Nam này cho thấy cách mà các trải nghiệm chuyển biến đã diễn ra như thế nào cùng với nỗi e dè, sự lưỡng lự và sự kháng cự, khi mà người ta vừa cố gắng chống lại sự chuyển biến vừa đón nhận nó một cách mơ hồ.
Emergent intra‐pair sex differences and organized behavior in pair bonded prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster)
Authors: Brusman Liza E. , Protter David S. W. , Fultz Allison C. , Paulson Maya U. , Chapel Gabriel D. , Elges Isaiah O. , Cameron Ryan T. , Beery Annaliese K. , Donaldson Zoe R. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn pair bonding animals, coordinated behavior between partners is required for the pair to accomplish shared goals such as raising young. Despite this, experimental designs rarely assess the behavior of both partners within a bonded pair. Thus, we lack an understanding of the interdependent behavioral dynamics between partners that likely facilitate relationship success. To identify intra‐pair behavioral correlates of pair bonding, we used socially monogamous prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) and tested both partners using social choice and non‐choice tests at short‐ and long‐term pairing timepoints. Females developed a preference for their partner more rapidly than males, with preference driven by different behaviors in each sex. Further, as bonds matured, intra‐pair behavioral sex differences and organized behavior emerged—females consistently huddled more with their partner than males did regardless of overall intra‐pair affiliation levels. When animals were allowed to freely interact with a partner or a novel vole in sequential free interaction tests, pairs spent more time interacting together than either animal did with a novel vole, consistent with partner preference in the more commonly employed choice test. Total pair interaction in freely moving voles was correlated with female, but not male, behavior. Via a social operant paradigm, we found that pair‐bonded females, but not males, are more motivated to access and huddle with their partner than a novel vole. Together, our data indicate that as pair bonds mature, sex differences and organized behavior emerge within pairs, and that these intra‐pair behavioral changes are likely organized and driven by the female animal.
Severity of the COVID‐19 pandemic assessed with all‐cause mortality in the United States during 2020
Authors: Dahlgren F. Scott , Rossen Lauren M. , Fry Alicia M. , Reed Carrie 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn the United States, infection with SARS‐CoV‐2 caused 380,000 reported deaths from March to December 2020.MethodsWe adapted the Moving Epidemic Method to all‐cause mortality data from the United States to assess the severity of the COVID‐19 pandemic across age groups and all 50 states. By comparing all‐cause mortality during the pandemic with intensity thresholds derived from recent, historical all‐cause mortality, we categorized each week from March to December 2020 as either low severity, moderate severity, high severity, or very high severity.ResultsNationally for all ages combined, all‐cause mortality was in the very high severity category for 9 weeks. Among people 18 to 49 years of age, there were 29 weeks of consecutive very high severity mortality. Forty‐seven states, the District of Columbia, and New York City each experienced at least 1 week of very high severity mortality for all ages combined.ConclusionsThese periods of very high severity of mortality during March through December 2020 are likely directly or indirectly attributable to the COVID‐19 pandemic. This method for standardized comparison of severity over time across different geographies and demographic groups provides valuable information to understand the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic and to identify specific locations or subgroups for deeper investigations into differences in severity.
Burden of severe illness associated with laboratory confirmed influenza in adults aged 50–64 years: A rapid review
Authors: Kim Dong Kyu , McGeer Allison , Uleryk Elizabeth , Coleman Brenda L. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundWhile the high burden of illness caused by seasonal influenza in children and the elderly is well recognize, less is known about the burden in adults 50–64 years of age. The lack of data for this age group is a key challenge in evaluating the cost‐effectiveness of immunization programs. We aimed to assess influenza‐associated hospitalization and mortality rates and case fatality rates for hospitalized cases among adults aged 50–64 years.MethodsThis rapid review was conducted according to the PRISMA; we searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, Web of Science, and grey literature for articles and reports published since 2010. Studies reporting rates of hospitalization and/or mortality associated with laboratory‐confirmed influenza among adults 50–64 or 45–64 years of age for the 2010–11 through 2019–20 seasons were included.ResultsTwenty studies from 13 countries were reviewed. Reported rates of hospitalization associated with laboratory‐confirmed influenza were 5.7 to 112.8 per 100,000. Rates tended to be higher in the 2015–2019 compared with the 2010–2014 seasons and were higher in studies reporting data from high‐income versus low and middle‐income countries. Mortality rates were reported in only one study, with rates ranging from 0.8 to 3.5 per 100,000 in four different seasons. The case fatality rate among those hospitalized with influenza, as reported by population‐based studies, ranged from 1.3% to 5.6%.ConclusionsSeasonal influenza imposes a significant burden of morbidity on adults 50–64 years of age but with high heterogeneity across seasons and geographic regions. Ongoing surveillance is required to improve estimates of burden to better inform influenza vaccination and other public health policies.
A multi‐method examination of sluggish cognitive tempo in relation to adolescent sleep, daytime sleepiness, and circadian preference
Authors: Fredrick Joseph W. , Yeaman Kiley M. , Yu Xiaoqian , Langberg Joshua M. , Becker Stephen P. 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundThe field’s understanding of the association between sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) and sleep is severely limited by the lack of multi‐method and multi‐informant research designs that move beyond global ratings, often focused on a limited number of sleep‐related domains, such as daytime sleepiness. The current study begins to address these limitations by using actigraphy, daily sleep diary, and self‐ and parent‐report global ratings of sleep in adolescents, a developmental period marked by changes in SCT, sleep, and circadian function. As SCT and sleep are also associated with ADHD symptoms, we tested these associations in a sample of adolescents with and without ADHD.MethodsAdolescents (N = 302; M age = 13.17 years, 44.7% female) with (n = 162) and without ADHD (n = 140) and parents completed global ratings of sleep and daytime sleepiness, and adolescents completed a measure of circadian preference. Adolescents also wore actigraphs for approximately two weeks, during which daily diaries were completed.ResultsAbove and beyond demographic characteristics (i.e., sex, race, and family income), pubertal development, medication use, and ADHD group status, adolescents’ self‐reported SCT symptoms were uniquely associated with shorter sleep duration and later sleep onset per both actigraphy and daily diary. SCT symptoms were also uniquely associated with longer sleep onset latency and poorer overall sleep (per daily diary), more sleep/wake problems and daytime sleepiness (per adolescent rating), more difficulties initiating and maintaining sleep (per parent rating), and later eveningness preference (per adolescent rating). Nearly all significant effects remained in sensitivity analyses controlling for adolescent‐ or parent‐reported ADHD symptom dimensions.ConclusionsFindings provide the strongest evidence to date for SCT being uniquely linked to poorer sleep, greater daytime sleepiness, and a later evening circadian preference across subjective and objective measures. Longitudinal studies are needed to evaluate predictive and bidirectional associations.
Species‐specific primers for rapid detection of Monochamus saltuarius, an effective vector of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus in China
Authors: Shi Fengming , Ge Sixun , Hou Zehai , Xu Yabei , Tao Jing , Wu Hao , Zong Shixiang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMonochamus saltuarius (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is a native pest common in pine forests of Northeast China and an effective dispersal vector for the invasive species Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, a cause of pine wilt disease. However, the lack of a rapid and accurate method for the identification of M. saltuarius limits surveillance and control efforts. In this study, we developed species‐specific primers, MsF/MsR, targeting cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (COI) for the rapid PCR‐based identification of M. saltuarius. Analyses of M. saltuarius sampled at different developmental stages and from five geographical origins supported the high specificity of the assay. Furthermore, M. saltuarius ‐specific COI primers amplified M. saltuarius DNA only with a lower limit of detection of 20 pg/μl, demonstrating the high sensitivity. The newly developed PCR‐based assay provides a rapid, simple, accurate and reproducible method for the determination of M. saltuarius regardless of condition, life stage and populations. The detection process could generally be completed within 2–3 hr and is therefore feasible for quarantine surveillance. The proposed approach may improve the early detection and continuous monitoring of M. saltuarius populations and thereby facilitate the control of B. xylophilus spread.
Winter ecology of specialist and generalist morphs of European whitefish, Coregonus lavaretus, in subarctic northern Europe
Authors: Hayden Brian , Harrod Chris , Thomas Stephen , Kahilainen Kimmo K. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEuropean whitefish is a model species for adaptive radiation of fishes in temperate and subarctic lakes. In northern Europe the most commonly observed morphotypes are a generalist (LSR) morph and a pelagic specialist (DR) morph. The evolution of a pelagic specialist morph is something of an enigma, however, as this region is characterized by long, dark winters with pelagic primary production limited to a brief window in late summer. We conducted the first winter‐based study of polymorphic whitefish populations to determine the winter ecology of both morphs, and we combined seasonal diet and stable isotope analysis with several proxies of condition in three polymorphic whitefish populations. The generalist LSR morph fed on benthic and pelagic prey in summer but was solely reliant on benthic prey in winter. This was associated with a noticeable but moderate reduction in condition, lipid content and stomach fullness in winter relative to summer. In contrast, the DR whitefish occupied a strict pelagic niche in both seasons. A significant reduction in pelagic prey during winter resulted in severe decrease in condition, lipid content and stomach fullness in DR whitefish in winter relative to summer, with the pelagic morph apparently approaching starvation in winter. We suggest that this divergent approach to seasonal foraging is associated with the divergent life‐history traits of both morphs.
High‐accuracy, direct aberration determination using self‐attention‐armed deep convolutional neural networks
Authors: Wang Yangyundou , Wang Hao , Li Yiming , Hu Chuanfei , Yang Hui , Gu Min 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOptical microscopes have long been essential for many scientific disciplines. However, the resolution and contrast of such microscopic images are dramatically affected by aberrations. In this study, compacted with adaptive optics, we propose a machine learning technique, called the ‘phase‐retrieval deep convolutional neural networks (PRDCNNs)’. This aberration determination architecture is direct and exhibits high accuracy and certain generalisation ability. Notably, its performance surpasses those of similar, existing methods, with fewer fluctuations and greater robustness against noise. We anticipate future application of the proposed PRDCNNs to super‐resolution microscopes.
Impact of blunting astrocyte activity on hippocampal synaptic plasticity in a mouse model of early Alzheimer's disease based on amyloid‐β peptide exposure
Authors: Lopes Cátia R. , Amaral Inês M. , Pereira Marlene F. , Lopes João P. , Madeira Daniela , Canas Paula M. , Cunha Rodrigo A. , Agostinho Paula 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAmyloid‐β peptides (Aβ) accumulate in the brain since early Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dysregulate hippocampal synaptic plasticity, the neurophysiological basis of memory. Although the relationship between long‐term potentiation (LTP) and memory processes is well established, there is also evidence that long‐term depression (LTD) may be crucial for learning and memory. Alterations in synaptic plasticity, namely in LTP, can be due to communication failures between astrocytes and neurons; however, little is known about astrocytes' ability to control hippocampal LTD, particularly in AD‐like conditions. We now aimed to test the involvement of astrocytes in changes of hippocampal LTP and LTD triggered by Aβ1–42, taking advantage of L‐α‐aminoadipate (L‐AA), a gliotoxin that blunts astrocytic function. The effects of Aβ1–42 exposure were tested in two different experimental paradigms: ex vivo (hippocampal slices superfusion) and in vivo (intracerebroventricular injection), which were previously validated to impair memory and hippocampal synaptic plasticity, two features of early AD. Blunting astrocytic function with L‐AA reduced LTP and LTD amplitude in hippocampal slices from control mice, but the effect on LTD was less evident, suggesting that astrocytes have a greater influence on LTP than on LTD under non‐pathological conditions. However, under AD conditions, blunting astrocytes did not consistently alter the reduction of LTP magnitude, but reverted the LTD‐to‐LTP shift caused by both ex vivo and in vivo Aβ1–42 exposure. This shows that astrocytes were responsible for the hippocampal LTD‐to‐LTP shift observed in early AD conditions, reinforcing the interest of strategies targeting astrocytes to restore memory and synaptic plasticity deficits present in early AD.
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