bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The moderating role of caregiver preparedness on the relationship between depression and stroke-specific quality of life in stroke dyads: a longitudinal study
Authors: Petrizzo Antonello , Lyons Karen S , Bartoli Davide , Simeone Silvio , Alvaro Rosaria , Lee Christopher S , Vellone Ercole , Pucciarelli Gianluca 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Aims
To examine the moderating role of caregiver preparedness on the association between stroke survivors’ depression and stroke-specific quality of life dimensions.

Methods and results
We used a multilevel modelling approach to analyse trajectories of change in the eight Stroke Impact Scale 3.0 subscales [i.e. strength, communication, mobility, activities of daily living (ADL)/instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), memory, emotion, hand function, participation] using Hierarchical Linear Modeling. Caregiver preparedness significantly moderated the association between survivor depressive symptoms and survivor communication (B = −0.95, P &lt; 0.01), mobility (B = −0.60, P &lt; 0.05), and ADL/IADL (B = −0.73, P &lt; 0.01) at baseline; linear change for strength (B = 0.83, P &lt; 0.05) and communication (B = 0.66, P &lt; 0.05); and quadratic change for strength (B = −0.19, P &lt; 0.01). Although caregiver preparedness did not significantly moderate the association between survivor depressive symptoms and strength at baseline, there was a significant moderating effect for change over time. Higher levels of caregiver preparedness were significantly associated with higher survivor scores of emotion, hand function, and participation at baseline.

Conclusions
Including immediate caregivers in the care process, through a psycho-educational training, would mean having better-prepared caregivers and consequently more-healthy stroke survivors. Given that preparedness includes coping with stress, responding and managing emergencies, assessing help and information may require tailored interventions aimed at improving the caregivers’ skills and knowledge about stroke survivors’ management.
Long-term trends in psychosocial working conditions in Europe—the role of labor market policies
Authors: Rigó Mariann , Dragano Nico , Wahrendorf Morten , Siegrist Johannes , Lunau Thorsten 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundEmployees have witnessed rising trend in work stress over the last few decades. However, we know a little about country differences in those trends. Our article fills this gap in the literature by examining heterogeneities in trends in working conditions by country groups defined by their amount of investment into labor market policy (LMP) programs. Additionally, we provide findings on differences in occupational inequalities between country groups.MethodsWe use comparative longitudinal data of the European Working Conditions Surveys including cross-sectional information on employees from 15 countries surveyed in Waves 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015. Estimation results are provided by three-way multilevel models with employees nested within country-years nested within countries. Our work stress measure is the proxy version of job strain based on the demand-control model.ResultsOur regression results indicate that for employees in countries with the least LMP spending job strain increased by 10% from 1995 to 2015 compared to a smaller and insignificant change in middle- and high-LMP countries. In low-LMP countries, inequalities in job strain also widened during the studied period: the gap in job strain between the highest- and lowest-skilled increased by 60% from 1995 to 2015. This contrasts a stable gap in middle- and high-LMP countries.ConclusionsOur results direct the attention to the vulnerable position of the least skilled and highlight that LMP investments may buffer some of the adverse impacts of globalization and technological changes and effectively improve the labor market situation of the least skilled.
A qualitative study of patient perspectives of care management services in Comprehensive Primary Care Plus
Authors: Lechner Amanda , Williams Nyna , Kogan Rachel , Hays Burke , Feeley-Summerl Theresa , Chen Tammy 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Care management has the potential to improve quality of care and health outcomes for chronic conditions, but questions remain about how patients perceive care management. Understanding patient perceptions is critical for ensuring care management can successfully engage patients and improve management of chronic conditions.

Objective
To understand high-risk patients’ experiences and perceptions of care management.

Methods
We conducted 1-h phone interviews with 40 patients receiving care management at 12 practices participating in the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Comprehensive Primary Care Plus model. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using a thematic approach.

Results
Most patients reported discussing health goals with their providers that aligned with their values and care preferences; a few reported that goal setting did not result in desired action steps. Most reported positive experiences receiving behavioural health support; a few reported unmet behavioural health needs that they had not expressed to their practice. Patients reported financial and transportation barriers to following care managers’ recommendations. Care managers’ active listening skills, accessibility, and caring personalities facilitated patient engagement.

Conclusions
Practices should consider patient perspectives as they improve care management activities. Future research is needed to confirm our findings about patient perspectives regarding goal setting, behavioural health support, and barriers and facilitators to engagement.
Surrealizing Wifredo Lam?
Authors: Adamowicz Elza 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In their writings on the Cuban artist Wifredo Lam, Surrealists and the related avant-garde forge a fictional construct, ‘Wifredo Lam.’ Their texts are explored in relation to what André Breton identified as the two approaches to the artwork: a subjective approach expressed through poetic language; and an interpretation based on objective knowledge expressed through rational language. An overview of Lam’s artistic activities focuses on his participation in Surrealist activities and his affinities with its principles. Breton goes further, appropriating the artist for Surrealism, attributing poetic, mythical and primitivizing qualities to the paintings. His interpretation contrasts with Leiris’s ethnographic approach to Lam as ‘un homme métis’ [a man of mixed ethnicity], corresponding to the second ‘temptation’ proposed by Breton. Finally, it will be argued that the two discourses often cohabit and merge, notably in texts on the artist by Aimé Césaire, for whom Lam was a political companion in their shared commitment to political liberation and the recognition of a Caribbean identity.
Being in Place: Toward a Situational Perspective on Care
Authors: Rhodus Elizabeth K , Rowles Graham D 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAn optimum focus in any care situation is creating and sustaining environments that facilitate an ongoing sense of “being in place” for all involved. Using this rationale, we propose a Situational Model of Care for exploring dynamic relationships among aging persons receiving care, the convoy of persons offering this care and support, and the place where this occurs, as evolving situations throughout the course of a disease. The model is grounded in extant literature and illustrated through a case study derived from in-home observations and interviews. Emphasizing an underlying goal of fostering a sense of being in place as a desirable outcome facilitates situationally nuanced directions in research and clinical care.
Developments and perspectives in high-throughput protein glycomics: enabling the analysis of thousands of samples
Authors: de Haan Noortje , Pučić-Baković Maja , Novokmet Mislav , Falck David , Lageveen-Kammeijer Guinevere , Razdorov Genadij , Vučković Frano , Trbojević-Akmačić Irena , Gornik Olga , Hanić Maja , Wuhrer Manfred , Lauc Gordan ,   the The Human Glycome Project, Guttman Andras , Cummings Richard , Mora Samia , Rombouts Yoann , Mehta Andad 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Glycans expand the structural complexity of proteins by several orders of magnitude, resulting in a tremendous analytical challenge when including them in biomedical research. Recent glycobiological research is painting a picture in which glycans represent a crucial structural and functional component of the majority of proteins, with alternative glycosylation of proteins and lipids being an important regulatory mechanism in many biological and pathological processes. Since interindividual differences in glycosylation are extensive, large studies are needed to map the structures and to understand the role of glycosylation in human (patho)physiology. Driven by these challenges, methods have emerged, which can tackle the complexity of glycosylation in thousands of samples, also known as high-throughput (HT) glycomics. For facile dissemination and implementation of HT glycomics technology, the sample preparation, analysis, as well as data mining, need to be stable over a long period of time (months/years), amenable to automation, and available to non-specialized laboratories. Current HT glycomics methods mainly focus on protein N-glycosylation and allow to extensively characterize this subset of the human glycome in large numbers of various biological samples. The ultimate goal in HT glycomics is to gain better knowledge and understanding of the complete human glycome using methods that are easy to adapt and implement in (basic) biomedical research. Aiming to promote wider use and development of HT glycomics, here, we present currently available, emerging, and prospective methods and some of their applications, revealing a largely unexplored molecular layer of the complexity of life.
Health literacy interventions in the hospital setting: an overview
Authors: Larrotta-Castillo Diego , Moreno-Chaparro Jaime , Amaya-Moreno Alejandra , Gaitán-Duarte Hernando , Estrada-Orozco Kelly 
Published: April 2022

Summary
Health Literacy (HL) is the degree to which an individual has the ability to find, understand and use information and services to inform health-related decisions and actions. These decisions and actions take place mainly in hospitals, so in this setting, HL has a higher impact on the health status and prognosis of patients. The objective of this study was to identify HL interventions implemented in the hospital care setting and describe the characteristics of their implementation, as well as their impact on health outcomes and care processes of these patients. An overview of systematic reviews published from 2015 to 2020 in MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Database (Ovid), PsyArticles, LILACS (Bvs) and Epistemonikos was conducted. The synthesis of the results was carried out narratively and the methodological quality of the reviews was evaluated using the AMSTAR II tool. A total of 16 reviews were included for full analysis, of which 68.5% were assessed as having high or moderate quality. HL interventions were based on single or multifaceted strategies, including the use of brochures, visual aids, digital tools, multimedia resources (videos) and group and personalized counseling sessions. Despite the high heterogeneity of data, HL interventions seem to have a positive impact on improving health-related knowledge levels and some health-related behaviors and attitudes. In conclusion, it was evidenced that HL interventions implemented in the hospital setting are widely varied. These interventions can be used to improve health-related knowledge levels and promote health-related behavioral changes in inpatients. However, it is necessary to standardize the reporting of both the characteristics and outcomes of these interventions to favor their replicability.
Gaps in hygiene promotion at schools in Pakistan: qualitative descriptive research
Authors: Pradhan Nousheen Akber , Haider Fatima , Khudadad Umerdad , Zahidie Aysha , Asim Muhammed , Ladak Asma Akbar , Iqbal Shagufta , Mevawalla Areesh , Siddiqi Uswah , Ali Tazeen Saeed , Karmaliani Rozina 
Published: April 2022

Summary
School health remains an ignored domain in Pakistan. This article presents gaps in understanding hygiene promotion efforts in school settings in urban squatter settlements by exploring perspectives of the key stakeholders and undertaking a review of the education curriculum. Using qualitative methodology, 13 in-depth interviews were held with the key informants (teachers, health and education officers) and three focus group discussions were conducted with 36 mothers. The study setting includes three schools located in a semi-urban area in the province of Sindh, Pakistan. The semi-structured guide was utilized to obtain perspectives of key stakeholders on factors constraining hygiene promotion efforts in school settings. The primary education curriculum was reviewed using the content analysis approach to assess the integration of hygiene concepts into the curriculum. Analysis of qualitative interviews and curriculum review resulted in five categories under a theme that addressed multiple factors constraining hygiene promotion in the school settings. These include (i) Gaps in the school curriculum, (ii) Poor accountability of the local administration in the upkeep of schools, (iii) Parent’s negligence toward children’s hygiene, (iv) Inadequate training of school teachers on hygiene concepts, and (v) Lack of interdepartmental coordination between health and education sectors. Hygiene promotion at schools has been deterred by multiple factors at the selected primary schools in Pakistan. Recommended actions include integration of health and hygiene concepts into the education curriculum, capacity building of teachers, reviving water, sanitation and hygiene infrastructure, coordination among Education and Health Departments and ownership among the local government to ensure cleanliness at schools.
Parents’ age at birth and daughters’ time to pregnancy: a study within the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort
Authors: Basso Olga , Magnus Maria C , Arge Lise A , Håberg Siri E 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

STUDY QUESTION
Is parents’ age at birth associated with daughters’ fecundability?

SUMMARY ANSWER
Daughters born to mothers &lt;25 years or fathers ≥35 years had slightly lower fecundability.

WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY
Two recent studies reported lower fecundability in women born to mothers &lt;20 years, which may be partly due to daughters of young mothers being less likely to plan their pregnancies.

STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION
A retrospective cohort study of 58 496 pregnancy planners (4290 of whom conceived with treatment) and 14 194 non-planners enrolled in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) between 2000 and 2008, linked with the Medical Birth Registry of Norway.

PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS
Participants were born in Norway between 1967 and 1990. We estimated fecundability ratios (FRs) and 95% CI as a function of both parents’ (F1) age at the daughter’s (F2) birth among non-treated planners and the relative risk of time to pregnancy (TTP) ≥12 months or treatment among all planners. We explored whether daughters of young mothers were under-represented among planners, compared with the underlying population. Finally, we estimated FRs after adding non-planners, randomly assigned to conceiving in the first cycle with probabilities of 0.60 and 0.70.

MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE
For both mother and father, the reference category was 25–29 years. Fecundability was slightly lower among daughters of older fathers (FRs (95% CI): 0.95 (0.92, 0.98) for F1 father’s age 35–39 years and 0.93 (0.89, 0.97) for ≥40 years) and daughters of young mothers (0.92 (0.89, 0.96) for F1 mother’s age &lt;20 years and 0.97 (0.95, 0.99) for 20–24 years). Results were similar for the composite outcome TTP ≥ 12 months or treatment, although driven by TTP ≥ 12. Compared with Norwegian-born women with ≥1 pregnancy, planners born to mothers &lt;20 years were underrepresented. Including non-planners with very high fecundability weakened the association with mother’s age &lt;20 years.

LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION
This was a pregnancy cohort with retrospectively reported information on planning and TTP. Selection bias appears unlikely to fully explain the association with mother’s age &lt;20 years.

WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS
Daughters of young mothers or older fathers may have slightly lower fecundability. If corroborated, the finding about older paternal age is relevant, given the widespread tendency to delay childbearing.

STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S)
This work was partly funded by the Research Council of Norway (project no. 320656), and through its Centres of Excellence funding scheme (project no. 262700). M.C.M. has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement no. 947684). No competing interests.

TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER
N/A.
Dystopian legalities: A reply to Nico Krisch
Authors: Klabbers Jan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
As its title indicates, this is a reply of sorts to recent work by Nico Krisch, published in this issue. The notion of entangled legalities, I argue, shows considerable analytical promise, much like the notion of inter-legality as developed by my colleague Gianluigi Palombella and myself a few years ago. Both may help us understand how large chunks of contemporary law works. Where Krisch’s approach departs from ours is in his background assumptions and his chosen actorial perspective: his interest resides mainly with the regulator. In this reply, I zoom in on some of the consequences this may have.
Global capitalism and law, and where to find them: Afterword to the Foreword by Karen Alter
Authors: Tzouvala Ntina 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In her Foreword, Karen J. Alter paints an elaborate picture of the multilayered relationship between law and capitalism, while at the same time offering important insights into recent developments in international law, international relations, and international history. In this brief Afterword, I will take a step back and reflect on the often-unarticulated theoretical assumptions of Alter’s conceptualization of both law and capitalism. Situating this account within the broader trend of “law and political economy” and “new histories of capitalism,” I argue that understanding the juridical and bureaucratic underpinnings of capitalism does not require us to reduce the latter to the former. In fact, I posit that the centering of lawyers, bureaucrats, and administrators—instead of workers, peasants, or Indigenous peoples—in these new histories of capitalism leads to both theoretical and political impasses.
Robotic-assisted beating heart surgery provides precise repair of periprosthetic mitral valvular leak
Authors: Kocyigit Muharrem , Gullu Ahmet Umit , Senay Sahin , Alhan Cem 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The prosthetic paravalvular leak is a rare but important complication following mitral valve replacement. Determining the location of the leak is almost always dependent on perioperative transoesophageal echocardiography and the considerable expertise of echo operators. Acoustic shadowing due to the prosthetic valve may create another important difficulty. In this report, we present a case with a paravalvular leak diagnosed 1 year after mitral valve replacement. Beating heart surgery and robotic 3D/high-resolution camera provided to localize the direct location of leak coherent with perioperative echocardiography and precise repair. The robotic approach prevented the potential complications of aortic cross-clamp and resternotomy.
Comparative analysis of the hydrogen sulphide pathway in internal thoracic artery and radial artery
Authors: Kang Yoonjin , Kim Jun Sung , Cui Huixing , Jang Myoung-Jin , Zhang Yin Hua , Hwang Ho Young 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The molecular basis supporting the superiority of the left internal thoracic artery (LITA) as a bypass conduit is limited. This study was conducted to compare the expression and localization of hydrogen sulphide synthesizing enzymes in LITA and radial artery (RA).

METHODS
Nineteen patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting using LITA and RA were enrolled. The remnant LITA and RA were collected to measure the expression levels of 3 hydrogen sulphide-producing enzymes: cystathionine β-synthase, cystathionine γ-lyase and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulphurtransferase using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Expression levels of these enzymes in the LITA and RA were compared in each subject. The expression and localization patterns of the enzymes were also analysed by immunohistochemistry.

RESULTS
The mRNA expression of the cystathionine β-synthase was greater in the LITA than in the RA (P = 0.033), whereas the expression levels of the other 2 enzymes did not significantly differ between the 2 arteries. The immunohistochemistry analysis demonstrated greater expression of the cystathionine β-synthase in the LITA than in the RA (P = 0.006). This protein was present in both tunica intima and tunica media of the LITA, although it was present only in the tunica media of the RA. Localization patterns of the other 2 enzymes were not different between LITA and RA.

CONCLUSIONS
Expression levels of the mRNA and protein of cystathionine β-synthase were significantly greater in LITA than in the RA. These findings might be a factor that affects the superior patency rate of LITA.
E-values for effect heterogeneity and approximations for causal interaction
Authors: Mathur Maya B , Smith Louisa H , Yoshida Kazuki , Ding Peng , VanderWeele Tyler J 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Estimates of effect heterogeneity (i.e. the extent to which the causal effect of one exposure varies across strata of a second exposure) can be biased if the exposure–outcome relationship is subject to uncontrolled confounding whose severity differs across strata of the second exposure.

Methods
We propose methods, analogous to the E-value for total effects, that help to assess the sensitivity of effect heterogeneity estimates to possible uncontrolled confounding. These E-value analogues characterize the severity of uncontrolled confounding strengths that would be required, hypothetically, to ‘explain away’ an estimate of multiplicative or additive effect heterogeneity in the sense that appropriately controlling for those confounder(s) would have shifted the effect heterogeneity estimate to the null, or alternatively would have shifted its confidence interval to include the null. One can also consider shifting the estimate or confidence interval to an arbitrary non-null value. All of these E-values can be obtained using the R package EValue.

Results
We illustrate applying the proposed E-value analogues to studies on: (i) effect heterogeneity by sex of the effect of educational attainment on dementia incidence and (ii) effect heterogeneity by age on the effect of obesity on all-cause mortality.

Conclusion
Reporting these proposed E-values could help characterize the robustness of effect heterogeneity estimates to potential uncontrolled confounding.