bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical impact of amyloid PET using 18F-florbetapir in patients with cognitive impairment and suspected Alzheimer’s disease: a multicenter study
Authors: Matsuda Hiroshi , Okita Kyoji , Motoi Yumiko , Mizuno Toshiki , Ikeda Manabu , Sanjo Nobuo , Murakami Koji , Kambe Taiki , Takayama Toshiki , Yamada Kei , Suehiro Takashi , Matsunaga Keiko , Yokota Takanori , Tateishi Ukihide , Shigemoto Yoko , Kimura Yukio , Chiba Emiko , Kawashima Takahiro , Tomo Yui , Tachimori Hisateru , Kimura Yuichi , Sato Noriko 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Objective
Amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) can reliably detect senile plaques and fluorinated ligands are approved for clinical use. However, the clinical impact of amyloid PET imaging is still under investigation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic impact and clinical utility in patient management of amyloid PET using 18F-florbetapir in patients with cognitive impairment and suspected Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We also aimed to determine the cutoffs for amyloid positivity for quantitative measures by investigating the agreement between quantitative and visual assessments.

Methods
Ninety-nine patients suspected of having AD underwent 18F-florbetapir PET at five institutions. Site-specialized physicians provided a diagnosis of AD or non-AD with a percentage estimate of their confidence and their plan for patient management in terms of medication, prescription dosage, additional diagnostic tests, and care planning both before and after receiving the amyloid imaging results. A PET image for each patient was visually assessed and dichotomously rated as either amyloid-positive or amyloid-negative by four board-certified nuclear medicine physicians. The PET images were also quantitatively analyzed using the standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) and Centiloid (CL) scale.

Results
Visual interpretation obtained 48 positive and 51 negative PET scans. The amyloid PET results changed the AD and non-AD diagnosis in 39 of 99 patients (39.3%). The change rates of 26 of the 54 patients (48.1%) with a pre-scan AD diagnosis were significantly higher than those of 13 of the 45 patients with a pre-scan non-AD diagnosis (χ2 = 5.334, p = 0.0209). Amyloid PET results also resulted in at least one change to the patient management plan in 42 patients (42%), mainly medication (20 patients, 20%) and care planning (25 patients, 25%). Receiver-operating characteristic analysis determined the best agreement of the quantitative assessments and visual interpretation of PET scans to have an area under the curve of 0.993 at an SUVR of 1.19 and CL of 25.9.

Conclusion
Amyloid PET using 18F-florbetapir PET had a substantial clinical impact on AD and non-AD diagnosis and on patient management by enhancing diagnostic confidence. In addition, the quantitative measures may improve the visual interpretation of amyloid positivity.
Assessing the Mycotoxin-related Health Impact of Shifting from Meat-based Diets to Soy-based Meat Analogues in a Model Scenario Based on Italian Consumption Data
Authors: Mihalache Octavian Augustin , Dellafiora Luca , Dall’Asta Chiara 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess the risk of replacing meat with plant-based analogues with respect to mycotoxin exposure, as a proof of concept to demonstrate the need for a proper regulatory framework for mycotoxins in meat imitates. Hence, we considered a full replacement of meat consumption with soy-based meat analogues and we evaluated the exposure to AFB1 and OTA, based on the Italian National Food Consumption Survey INRAN-SCAI 2005–2006 and the European Food Safety Authority occurrence data. The overall health impact from soy-based food consumption and a meat-free diet was quantified in terms of Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) in three different contamination and consumption scenarios. The substitution of meat products with soy-based imitates would prevent up to 406.2 colorectal cancer cases/year/country associated with 532 healthy years of life. However, we also determined an increased risk of liver cancer and loss of healthy life-years due to AFB1 exposure and a potential risk of renal cancer as due to an increased intake of OTA, leading up to 1208 extra cancer cases associated with the loss of 12,080 healthy life-years/country. Shifting to a plant-based diet actually eliminates a cancer risk factor such as processed meat, however, higher and unexpected risks could arise if mycotoxins are not properly regulated in plant-based meat alternatives. Taking into account the ubiquitous occurrence of mycotoxins, also in the light of climate change, and the growing trend toward plant-based meat analogues, greater importance should be given to actual food consumption trends and correlated with updated natural toxins regulations and risk assessments.
Graphical abstract
Long noncoding RNA SNHG1 alleviates high glucose-induced vascular smooth muscle cells calcification/senescence by post-transcriptionally regulating Bhlhe40 and autophagy via Atg10
Authors: Li Shuang , Ni Yuqing , Li Chen , Xiang Qunyan , Zhao Yan , Xu Hui , Huang Wu , Wang Yanjiao , Wang Yi , Zhan Junkun , Liu Youshuo 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging regulators of vascular diseases, yet their role in diabetic vascular calcification/aging remains poorly understood. In this study, we identified a down-expressed lncRNA SNHG1 in high glucose (HG)-induced vascular smooth muscle cells (HA-VSMCs), which induced excessive autophagy and promoted HA-VSMCs calcification/senescence. Overexpression of SNHG1 alleviated HG-induced HA-VSMCs calcification/senescence. The molecular mechanisms of SNHG1 in HA-VSMCs calcification/senescence were explored by RNA pull-down, RNA immunoprecipitation, RNA stability assay, luciferase reporter assay, immunoprecipitation and Western blot assays. In one mechanism, SNHG1 directly interacted with Bhlhe40 mRNA 3′-untranslated region and increased Bhlhe40 mRNA stability and expression. In another mechanism, SNHG1 enhanced Bhlhe40 protein SUMOylation by serving as a scaffold to facilitate the binding of SUMO E3 ligase PIAS3 and Bhlhe40 protein, resulting in increased nuclear translocation of Bhlhe40 protein. Moreover, Bhlhe40 suppressed the expression of Atg10, which is involved in the process of autophagosome formation. Collectively, the protective effect of SNHG1 on HG-induced HA-VSMCs calcification/senescence is accomplished by stabilizing Bhlhe40 mRNA and promoting the nuclear translocation of Bhlhe40 protein. Our study could provide a novel approach for diabetic vascular calcification/aging.
Multiperiod Equitable and Efficient Allocation Strategy of Emergency Resources Under Uncertainty
Authors: Wang Yanyan , Sun Baiqing 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEquitable and efficient allocation of emergency resources is critical to ensure the success of relief efforts. The challenge comes largely from two aspects: the resources available for allocation are usually limited in quantity, especially in the early period of emergency response; and a large amount of uncertain information in the relief process affects the decision making of resource allocation. A multiperiod allocation model of emergency resources that takes into account both efficiency and equity based on uncertain disaster information is proposed. Interval number and triangular fuzzy number are introduced to describe the different sources of uncertainty (for example, demand, transportation time, and maximum transport amount), and the loss caused by unmet demand is used to quantify equity. Then, the deterministic transformation method of uncertain parameters is designed and the linear weighted sum method is applied to solve the proposed model. Finally, a computational case based on the 2017 Jiuzhaigou earthquake in Sichuan Province, China was conducted to validate the proposed model. The results show that the proposed model is feasible in the multiperiod allocation of emergency resources among multi-disaster sites, and the findings can help emergency managers to allocate emergency resources more scientifically, equitably, and effectively under uncertainty.
A derivative-free Milstein type approximation method for SPDEs covering the non-commutative noise case
Authors: von Hallern Claudine , Rößler Andreas 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe propose a derivative-free Milstein type scheme to approximate the mild solution of stochastic partial differential equations (SPDEs) that do not need to fulfill a commutativity condition for the noise term. The newly developed derivative-free Milstein type scheme differs significantly from schemes that are appropriate for the case of commutative noise. As a key result, the new derivative-free Milstein type scheme needs only two stages that are specifically tailored based on a technique that, compared to the original Milstein scheme, allows for a reduction of the computational complexity by one order of magnitude. Moreover, the proposed derivative-free Milstein scheme can flexibly be combined with some approximation method for the involved iterated stochastic integrals. As the main result, we prove the strong $$L^2$$

L
2

-convergence of the introduced derivative-free Milstein type scheme, especially if it is combined with any suitable approximation algorithm for the necessary iterated stochastic integrals. We carry out a rigorous analysis of the error versus computational cost and derive the effective order of convergence for the derivative-free Milstein type scheme in the case that the truncated Fourier series algorithm for the approximation of the iterated stochastic integrals is applied. As a further novelty, we show that the use of approximations of iterated stochastic integrals based on truncated Fourier series together with the proposed derivative-free Milstein type scheme improves the effective order of convergence compared to that of the Euler scheme and the original Milstein scheme. This result is contrary to well known results in the finite dimensional SDE case where the use of merely truncated Fourier series does not improve the effective order of convergence in the $$L^2$$

L
2

-sense compared to that of the Euler scheme.
The Intertwined Histories of Artificial Intelligence and Education
Authors: Doroudi Shayan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this paper, I argue that the fields of artificial intelligence (AI) and education have been deeply intertwined since the early days of AI. Specifically, I show that many of the early pioneers of AI were cognitive scientists who also made pioneering and impactful contributions to the field of education. These researchers saw AI as a tool for thinking about human learning and used their understanding of how people learn to further AI. Furthermore, I trace two distinct approaches to thinking about cognition and learning that pervade the early histories of AI and education. Despite their differences, researchers from both strands were united in their quest to simultaneously understand and improve human and machine cognition. Today, this perspective is neither prevalent in AI nor the learning sciences. I conclude with some thoughts on how the artificial intelligence in education and learning sciences communities might reinvigorate this lost perspective.
A long-term alternative formula for a stochastic stock price model
Authors: Okabe Takuya , Yoshimura Jin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis study presents a long-term alternative formula for stock price variation described by a geometric Brownian motion on the basis of median instead of mean or expected values. The proposed method is motivated by the observation made in remote fields, where optimalizty of bet-hedging or diversification strategies is explained based on a measure different from expected value, like geometric mean. When the probability distribution of possible outcomes is significantly skewed, it is generally known that expected value leads to an erroneous picture owing to its sensitivity to outliers, extreme values of rare occurrence. Since geometric mean, or its counterpart median for the log-normal distribution, does not suffer from this drawback, it provides us with a more appropriate measure especially for evaluating long-term outcomes dominated by outliers. Thus, the present formula makes a more realistic prediction for long-term outcomes of a large volatility, for which the probability distribution becomes conspicuously heavy-tailed.
Numerical calculation and finite element analysis for anisotropic elastic properties of carbon fibers: dependence of integration subinterval and mesh size on indentation-derived elastic modulus
Authors: Goto Kenta , Naito Kimiyoshi , Shirasu Keiichi , Watanabe Ikumu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe elastic modulus measured by indentation of carbon fibers with various anisotropic elasticity is calculated by two numerical approaches, the Vlassak–Nix model and finite element analysis, to reveal the acceptable calculation condition for highly anisotropic materials. Five commercially available carbon fibers that varied in anisotropy index in the range of 0.5–7.9 are used (either polyacrylonitrile- or pitch-based). The numerical error in the calculated modulus increases with the decrease in fiber angle and with the increase in the anisotropy index under the same mesh condition, indicating finer mesh is required for a highly anisotropic material. The acceptable mesh size linearly increases with anisotropic index. The Vlassak–Nix model overestimates the elastic modulus at a small tilt angle if few integration subintervals are used. Conversely, finite element analysis of the Hertz contact problem with coarse mesh underestimates the modulus at a small tilt angle, and a maximum modulus is observed when the fiber is tilted a few degrees against the indentation axis. These findings are expected to assist the future determination of ideal calculation conditions for materials with large anisotropic elasticity including fibers and composites.
Navigating Medical Device Certification: A Qualitative Exploration of Barriers and Enablers Amongst Innovators, Notified Bodies and Other Stakeholders
Authors: Baines Rebecca , Hoogendoorn Petra , Stevens Sebastian , Chatterjee Arunangsu , Ashall-Payne Liz , Andrews Tim , Leigh Simon 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Medical device certification has undergone significant changes in recent years. However, exploration of stakeholder experiences remains relatively limited, particularly in the context of software as a medical device. This study sought to explore stakeholder experiences of medical device certification across both the UK and EU.

Methods
Semi-structured interviews (n = 22) analysed using inductive-thematic analysis, synthesised using activity theory.

Results
Innovators, consultants and notified bodies share more similarities than differences when discussing barriers and enablers to achieving medical device certification. Systemic tensions between existing rules, tools, community understanding and division of labour currently undermine the intended aim of certification processes. Existing rules are considered complex, with small and medium-sized enterprises considered disproportionality affected, resulting in several unintended outcomes including the perceived ‘killing’ of innovation. Existing certification processes are described as unfit for purpose, unethical and unsustainable.

Conclusion
Stakeholder experiences suggest that the intention of establishing a robust and sustainable regulatory framework capable of ensuring a high level of safety whilst also supporting innovation is not yet being realised. Failure to enact desired changes may further jeopardise future innovations, outcomes and care quality.
NEGATIVE RESULTS ON PRECIPITOUS IDEALS ON
Authors: SARGSYAN GRIGOR 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe show that in many extender models, e.g., the minimal one with infinitely many Woodin cardinals or the minimal with a Woodin cardinal that is a limit of Woodin cardinals, there are no generic embeddings with critical point
$\omega _1$
that resemble the stationary tower at the second Woodin cardinal. The meaning of “resemble” is made precise in the paper (see Definition 0.3).
The ugly truth behind transitional justice in the post-revolution phase: A constitutional law and economics analysis
Authors: Rashwan Eman Muhammad 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis article explores the transitional justice (TJ) dilemmas after revolutions have overthrown autocratic regimes through developing a model that uses a law and economics methodology. The article seeks to answer two questions: Why do post-revolution regimes resort to or ignore TJ policies towards former autocratic regimes? And why is it difficult to adopt and apply welfare-enhancing TJ mechanisms in practice, including popular suggestions within the TJ literature to portray the civil society organizations as the key solution to TJ dilemmas? To answer these questions, the article provides a theoretical positive analysis of the scenarios and dilemmas of TJ. It argues that TJ should function both as an internalization mechanism of negative externalities of the violations of the past-regime, and a form of constitutional arrangements as anex anteincentives structure to prevent the repetition of these violations. However, due to asymmetric information problems, behavioural biases and the constitutional nature of TJ, the ‘TJ momentum’ precludes most of the traditional solutions for this principal–agent problem.
The Civic Option? Using Experiments to Estimate the Effects of Consuming Information in Local Elections
Authors: Boudreau Cheryl , Elmendorf Christopher S. , MacKenzie Scott A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPolitical parties and civic organizations disseminate information to improve citizen decision making in local elections. Do citizens choose to consume such information and, if so, how does it affect their decisions? We conduct a survey experiment during a real-world local election that randomly assigns 1) political party endorsements, 2) a voter guide, 3) no information, or 4) a choice among these options. Respondents assigned to receive party endorsements and a voter guide are more likely than respondents receiving no information to choose candidates who share their policy views. When given a choice, a majority opts to receive information (including many with low levels of political interest), with most respondents preferring a voter guide. Using an instrumental variable approach, we show that the effect of information on those who choose to receive it is substantial. These results offer hope that voter education efforts can succeed despite widespread political disinterest.
The Chicxulub Impact Produced a Powerful Global Tsunami
Authors: Range Molly M. , Arbic Brian K. , Johnson Brandon C. , Moore Theodore C. , Titov Vasily , Adcroft Alistair J. , Ansong Joseph K. , Hollis Christopher J. , Ritsema Jeroen , Scotese Christopher R. , Wang He 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe Chicxulub crater is the site of an asteroid impact linked with the Cretaceous‐Paleogene (K‐Pg) mass extinction at ∼66 Ma. This asteroid struck in shallow water and caused a large tsunami. Here we present the first global simulation of the Chicxulub impact tsunami from initial contact of the projectile to global propagation. We use a hydrocode to model the displacement of water, sediment, and crust over the first 10 min, and a shallow‐water ocean model from that point onwards. The impact tsunami was up to 30,000 times more energetic than the 26 December 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, one of the largest tsunamis in the modern record. Flow velocities exceeded 20 cm/s along shorelines worldwide, as well as in open‐ocean regions in the North Atlantic, equatorial South Atlantic, southern Pacific and the Central American Seaway, and therefore likely scoured the seafloor and disturbed sediments over 10,000 km from the impact origin. The distribution of erosion and hiatuses in the uppermost Cretaceous marine sediments are consistent with model results.
Critical Role of Groundwater Inflow in Sustaining Lake Water Balance on the Western Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Lei Yanbin , Yang Kun , Immerzeel Walter W. , Song Peiping , Bird Broxton W. , He Jiankun , Zhao Huabiao , Li Zhiguo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIt is difficult to quantify the amount of groundwater inflow on the Tibetan Plateau (TP), yet it can be critically important for sustaining lake water balance. Here we show that most endorheic lakes on the western TP exhibited considerable water level increase during the ice‐covered period, which contrasts with lakes in other regions of the TP. An analysis of lake water balance attributes this water surplus to significant groundwater inflow, which is estimated to be about 59%–66% of total inflow into lakes. The groundwater inflow occurred after the 2000s, which is consistent with the rapid lake expansion and significant increase in precipitation. We suggest that the groundwater inflow is mainly related to large‐scale active faults in the limestone bedrock and sufficient meltwater from high elevations. Our results imply that groundwater may be deeply involved in the water cycle and modify the seasonal and inter‐annual lake variations on the western TP.
Drought Conditions Enhance Groundwater Table Fluctuations Caused by Hydropower Plant Management
Authors: Basilio Hazas M. , Marcolini G. , Castagna M. , Galli M. , Singh T. , Wohlmuth B. , Chiogna G. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractManagement of hydropower plants strongly influences streamflow dynamics and hence the interaction between surface water and groundwater. As dam operations cause variations in river stages, these can result in changes in the groundwater level at multiple temporal scales. In this work, we study the case of an Alpine aquifer, where weekly fluctuations are particularly pronounced. We consider an area with four river reaches differently impacted by reservoir operations and investigate the influence of these rivers on the common aquifer. Using continuous wavelet transform and wavelet coherence analysis, we show that weekly fluctuations in the groundwater table are particularly pronounced in dry years, in particular in the winter season, although the area of the aquifer impacted by dam operations remains almost unchanged. We thus observe that in Alpine catchments, surface water‐groundwater interaction is sensitive to the conditions determined by a specific hydrological year. We also investigate the influences of the river‐aquifer water fluxes and show that under dry conditions hydropeaking mainly affects their temporal dynamics. Our observations have significant consequences for predicting nutrient and temperature dynamics/regimes in river‐aquifer systems impacted by hydropower plant management.