bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acquired Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura After BNT162b2 COVID-19 Vaccine: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Hammami Emna , Lamarque Mathilde , Aujoulat Olivier , Debliquis Agathe , Drénou Bernard , Harzallah Inès 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a thrombotic microangiopathy that is deadly if not treated promptly. The treatment of choice in patients presenting with TTP is plasma exchanges. However, immunosuppressive therapy and caplacizumab have significantly improved outcomes in TTP. This microangiopathy is classically divided into 2 entities: hereditary and acquired TTP (aTTP), caused by an autoantibody against ADAMTS 13. We present a case study of a patient wth TTP occurring after a second dose of the BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) COVID-19 vaccine along with a review of the literature. A 55-year-old patient presented with gastrointestinal symptoms, anemia, and severe thrombocytopenia. The blood film revealed the presence of schistocytes. A diagnosis of aTTP was established because the patient had severe ADAMTS 13 deficiency and autoantibodies against ADAMTS 13 were positive. This episode occurred 10 days after the patient received the COVID-19 vaccine. The patient received plasma exchanges, prednisone, rituximab, and caplacizumab and achieved complete remission. Ten patients with aTTP induced by the COVID-19 vaccine have been reported in the literature. Most of these situations occurred after the second dose of COVID-19 vaccine, and 7 patients were noted to have received the BNT162b2 vaccine. Caplacizumab was used in 6 patients, and complete remission was achieved in 8 patients.
Rhenium–guanidine complex as photosensitizer: trigger HeLa cell apoptosis through death receptor-mediated, mitochondria-mediated, and cell cycle arrest pathways
Authors: He Shu-Fen , Liao Jia-Xin , Huang Min-Ying , Zhang Yu-Qing , Zou Yi-Min , Wu Ci-Ling , Lin Wen-Yuan , Chen Jia-Xi , Sun Jing 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The growing evidence over the past few decades has indicated that the photodynamic antitumor activity of transition metal complexes, and Re(I) compounds are potential candidates for photodynamic therapy. This study reports the synthesis, characterization, and anti-tumor activity of three new Re(I)–guadinium complexes. Cytotoxicity tests reveal that complex Re1 increased cytotoxicity by 145-fold from IC50 &gt; 180 μM in the dark to 1.3 ± 0.7 μM following 10 min of light irradiation (425 nm) in HeLa cells. Further, the mechanism by which Re1 induces apoptosis in the presence or absence of light irradiation was investigated, and results indicate that cell death was caused through different pathways. Upon irradiation, Re1 first accumulates on the cell membrane and interacts with death receptors to activate the extrinsic death receptor-mediated signaling pathway, and then is transported into the cell cytoplasm. Most of the intracellular Re1 locates within mitochondria, improving the reactive oxygen species level, and decreasing mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP levels, and inducing the activation of caspase-9 and, thus, apoptosis. Subsequently, the residual Re1 can translocate into the cell nucleus, and activates the p53 pathway, causing cell cycle arrest and eventually cell death.
The response of Naegleria gruberi to oxidative stress
Authors: Malych Ronald , Füssy Zoltán , Ženíšková Kateřina , Arbon Dominik , Hampl Vladimír , Hrdý Ivan , Sutak Robert 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Aerobic organisms require oxygen for respiration but must simultaneously cope with oxidative damages inherently linked with this molecule. Unicellular amoeboflagellates of the genus Naegleria, containing both free-living species and opportunistic parasites, thrive in aerobic environments. However, they are also known to maintain typical features of anaerobic organisms. Here, we describe the mechanisms of oxidative damage mitigation in Naegleria gruberi and focus on the molecular characteristics of three noncanonical proteins interacting with oxygen and its derived reactive forms. We show that this protist expresses hemerythrin, protoglobin, and an aerobic-type rubrerythrin, with spectral properties characteristic of the cofactors they bind. We provide evidence that protoglobin and hemerythrin interact with oxygen in vitro and confirm the mitochondrial localization of rubrerythrin by immunolabeling. Our proteomic analysis and immunoblotting following heavy metal treatment revealed upregulation of hemerythrin, while rotenone treatment resulted in an increase in rubrerythrin protein levels together with a vast upregulation of alternative oxidase. Our study provided new insights into the mechanisms employed by N. gruberi to cope with different types of oxidative stress and allowed us to propose specific roles for three unique and understudied proteins: hemerythrin, protoglobin, and rubrerythrin.
Ferroptosis, as the most enriched programmed cell death process in glioma, induces immunosuppression and immunotherapy resistance
Authors: Liu Tianqi , Zhu Chen , Chen Xin , Guan Gefei , Zou Cunyi , Shen Shuai , Wu Jianqi , Wang Yuhang , Lin Zhiguo , Chen Ling , Cheng Peng , Cheng Wen , Wu Anhua 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
Immunosuppressive microenvironment is a major cause of immunotherapeutic resistance in glioma. In addition to secreting compounds, tumor cells under programmed cell death (PCD) processes release abundant mediators to modify the neighboring microenvironment. However, the complex relationship among PCD status, immunosuppressive microenvironment, and immunotherapy is still poorly understood.

Methods
Four independent glioma cohorts comprising 1,750 patients were enrolled for analysis. The relationships among PCD status, microenvironment cellular components, and biological phenotypes were fully explored. Tissues from our hospital and experiments in vitro and in vivo were used to confirm the role of ferroptosis in glioma.

Results
Analyses to determine enriched PCD processes showed that ferroptosis was the main type of PCD in glioma. Enriched ferroptosis correlated with progressive malignancy, poor outcomes, and aggravated immunosuppression in glioblastoma (GBM) patients. Enhanced ferroptosis was shown to induce activation and infiltration of immune cells but attenuated antitumor cytotoxic killing. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) were found to participate in ferroptosis-mediated immunosuppression. Preclinically, ferroptosis inhibition combined with Programmed Cell Death 1 (PD-1) and Programmed Cell Death Ligand-1 (PD-L1) blockade generated a synergistic therapeutic outcome in GBM murine models.

Conclusions
This work provides a molecular, clinical, and biological landscape of ferroptosis, suggesting a role of ferroptosis in glioma malignancy and a novel synergic immunotherapeutic strategy that combines immune checkpoint blockade treatment with ferroptosis inhibition.
Mobile Chat Messaging for Preventing Smoking Relapse Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Luk Tzu Tsun , Cheung Yee Tak Derek , Chan Helen Ching-han , Fok Patrick Wai-yin , Ho Kin Sang , Sze Chu Dik , Lam Tai Hing , Wang Man Ping 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Introduction
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic had reduced access to traditional, in-person smoking cessation treatment. We examined the feasibility, acceptability, and potential effectiveness of mobile chat messaging in preventing smoking relapse in smokers who have recently quit smoking.

Methods
In this assessor-blinded, pilot randomized controlled trial in five cessation clinics, we recruited adult daily smokers who had been receiving cessation treatments and abstained for 3 to 30 days. The intervention group received real-time, personalized chat messaging on relapse prevention via WhatsApp for 3 months. The control group received generic text messaging on the harms of smoking and benefits of quitting for 3 months. The primary outcome was carbon monoxide–validated abstinence at 6 months post-treatment initiation. The trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04409496).

Results
From June to July 2020, 108 of 130 (83%) eligible subjects were randomized to the intervention (N = 54) or control (N = 54) groups. The retention rate was 93% at 3 months (end of treatment) and 85% at 6 months. In the intervention group, 80% of participants responded to the chat messages at least once; 43% continuously engaged with the intervention over the 3-month intervention period. By intention-to-treat, validated abstinence at 6 months was higher in the intervention than control group (31% vs. 22%), with a relative risk of 1.72 (95% CI = 0.91% to 3.23%; p = .09) after adjusting for pre-quit nicotine dependence, duration of abstinence, and cessation treatment at baseline.

Conclusions
This pilot trial showed the feasibility and acceptability of mobile chat messaging for relapse prevention with preliminary evidence on its effectiveness in increasing validated abstinence.

Implications
Smoking relapse is the most likely outcome of smoking cessation attempts and an undertreated problem. This pilot trial showed the feasibility and acceptability of personalized chat messaging via WhatsApp for relapse prevention in recent abstainers amid the COVID-19 pandemic. The higher carbon monoxide–validated abstinence rate in participants who received chat messaging than controls showed preliminary evidence on the effectiveness of the intervention. Fully powered trials are warranted to test the intervention.
Rapid growth of the Swainson’s Hawk population in California since 2005
Authors: Furnas Brett J , Wright David H , Tennant Erin N , O’Leary Reagen M , Kuehn Michael J , Bloom Peter H , Battistone Carie L 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
By 1979 Swainson’s Hawks (Buteo swainsoni) had declined to as low as 375 breeding pairs throughout their summer range in California. Shortly thereafter the species was listed as threatened in the state. To evaluate the hawk’s population trend since then, we analyzed data from 1,038 locations surveyed throughout California in either 2005, 2006, 2016, or 2018. We estimated a total statewide population of 18,810 breeding pairs (95% CI: 11,353–37,228) in 2018, and found that alfalfa (Medicago sativa, lucerne) cultivation, agricultural crop diversity, and the occurrence of non-agricultural trees for nesting were positively associated with hawk density. We also concluded that California’s Swainson’s Hawk summering population grew rapidly between 2005 and 2018 at a rate of 13.9% per year (95% CI: 7.8–19.2%). Despite strong evidence that the species has rebounded overall in California, Swainson’s Hawks remain largely extirpated from Southern California where they were historically common. Further, we note that the increase in Swainson’s Hawks has been coincident with expanded orchard and vineyard cultivation which is not considered suitable for nesting. Therefore, we recommend more frequent, improved surveys to monitor the stability of the species’ potential recovery and to better understand the causes. Our results are consistent with increasing raptor populations in North America and Europe that contrast with overall global declines especially in the tropics.
Thirty years of resistance: Zig-zag through the plant immune system
Authors: Ngou Bruno Pok Man , Ding Pingtao , Jones Jonathan D G 
Published: February 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the plant immune system is crucial for using genetics to protect crops from diseases. Plants resist pathogens via a two-tiered innate immune detection-and-response system. The first plant Resistance (R) gene was cloned in 1992 . Since then, many cell-surface pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) have been identified, and R genes that encode intracellular nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) have been cloned. Here, we provide a list of characterized PRRs and NLRs. In addition to immune receptors, many components of immune signaling networks were discovered over the last 30 years. We review the signaling pathways, physiological responses, and molecular regulation of both PRR- and NLR-mediated immunity. Recent studies have reinforced the importance of interactions between the two immune systems. We provide an overview of interactions between PRR- and NLR-mediated immunity, highlighting challenges and perspectives for future research.
Monolignol export by diffusion down a polymerization-induced concentration gradient
Authors: Perkins Mendel L , Schuetz Mathias , Unda Faride , Chen Kent T , Bally Marcel B , Kulkarni Jayesh A , Yan Yifan , Pico Joana , Castellarin Simone D , Mansfield Shawn D , Samuels A Lacey 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLignin, the second most abundant biopolymer, is a promising renewable energy source and chemical feedstock. A key element of lignin biosynthesis is unknown: how do lignin precursors (monolignols) get from inside the cell out to the cell wall where they are polymerized? Modeling indicates that monolignols can passively diffuse through lipid bilayers, but this has not been tested experimentally. We demonstrate significant monolignol diffusion occurs when laccases, which consume monolignols, are present on one side of the membrane. We hypothesize that lignin polymerization could deplete monomers in the wall, creating a concentration gradient driving monolignol diffusion. We developed a two-photon microscopy approach to visualize lignifying Arabidopsis thaliana root cells. Laccase mutants with reduced ability to form lignin polymer in the wall accumulated monolignols inside cells. In contrast, active transport inhibitors did not decrease lignin in the wall and scant intracellular phenolics were observed. Synthetic liposomes were engineered to encapsulate laccases, and monolignols crossed these pure lipid bilayers to form polymer within. A sink-driven diffusion mechanism explains why it has been difficult to identify genes encoding monolignol transporters and why the export of varied phenylpropanoids occurs without specificity. It also highlights an important role for cell wall oxidative enzymes in monolignol export.
Understanding the excess COVID-19 burden among immigrants in Norway
Authors: Kjøllesdal M K R , Juarez S P , Aradhya S , Indseth T 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
We aim to use intermarriage as a measure to disentangle the role of exposure to virus, susceptibility and care in differences in burden of COVID-19, by comparing rates of COVID-19 infections between immigrants married to a native and to another immigrant.

Methods
Using data from the Norwegian emergency preparedness, register participants (N=2 312 836) were linked with their registered partner and categorized based on own and partner’s country of birth. From logistic regressions, odds ratios (OR) of COVID-19 infection (15 June 2020–01 June 2021) and related hospitalization were calculated adjusted for age, sex, municipality, medical risk, occupation, household income, education and crowded housing.

Results
Immigrants were at increased risk of COVID-19 and related hospitalization regardless of their partners being immigrant or not, but immigrants married to a Norwegian-born had lower risk than other immigrants. Compared with intramarried Norwegian-born, odds of COVID-19 infection was higher among persons in couples with one Norwegian-born and one immigrant from Europe/USA/Canada/Oceania (OR 1.42–1.46) or Africa/Asia/Latin-America (OR 1.91–2.01). Odds of infection among intramarried immigrants from Africa/Asia/Latin-America was 4.92. For hospitalization, the corresponding odds were slightly higher.

Conclusion
Our study suggests that the excess burden of COVID-19 among immigrants is explained by differences in exposure and care rather than susceptibility.
TRANSFER OF CESIUM AND IODINE FROM THE SURFACE TO THE INTERIOR OF APPLE FRUIT
Authors: Kawabata Hitoshi , Yanai Masumi , Takaku Yuichi , Hisamatsu Shun’ichi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We investigated the transfer of stable Cs + and I− applied as droplets directly on the fruit surface of 3-y-old plumleaf crab apple trees to the fruit interior at different developmental stages. The proportions of Cs and I transferred to the fruit flesh by harvest time were 21–66% and 41–53%, respectively, with decreasing trends as the developmental stage progressed. Most of the Cs+ was gradually transferred from the surface to the skin and flesh, while I− rapidly penetrated the fruit in the days after the application, followed by slow transfer of small proportions. For both elements, prompt penetration of the flesh occurred 1–2 d after application. A compartment model for simulating each element’s behavior was constructed using all the data obtained. The Cs transfer model to the flesh can simulate the measured values well. For the model of I, prompt distribution to the skin is also necessary.
A Prospective Observational Pilot Study of Young Women Undergoing Initial Breast Cancer Treatment and Their Biopsychosocial Profile
Authors: Grusdat Niklas Paul , Stäuber Alexander , Tolkmitt Marion , Schnabel Jens , Schubotz Birgit , Wright Peter Richard , Schulz Henry 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Breast cancer in young women can be a major challenge for those affected. To offer support, the establishment of a biopsychosocial profile may be beneficial.

Methods:
For this prospective observational pilot study, we collected data of 19 women with a mean age of 42.8 ± 5.4 years (30.0-49.0 year) before (T0) and after (T1) initial breast cancer treatment. The handgrip strength (HGS), 6-minute walk test (6MWT), and bioimpedance analysis for the detection of phase angle (PhA) and bioimpedance vector analysis (BIVA) were used. Assessments included the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast (FACT-B), and Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue (FACIT-F).

Results:
Women (age <50 years) with breast cancer showed impaired functional status (HGS, 6MWT, and PhA), abnormal physiologic findings (BIVA), decreased health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and cancer-related fatigue (CRF) after breast cancer diagnosis prior to the onset of cancer treatment with significant deterioration following cancer treatment. This was accompanied by a potentially higher risk of mortality and impaired function due to the prevalence of values below a critical threshold (PhA: T0 = 11%, T1 = 42%; HGS: T0 = 21%, T1 = 32%). In addition, there was evidence of anxiety (47%) and depression (32%) at T0.

Conclusion:
Routine assessment of biomarkers of physical function, mental health, HRQoL, and CRF may lead to individual risk stratification and multidisciplinary intervention in young patients with breast cancer, which could help to personalize and optimize survivorship care plans.
Durable Clearance Rate of Photodynamic Therapy for Bowen Disease and Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Yongpisarn Tanat , Rigo Rachel , Minkis Kira 
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND
Although surgery is the treatment of choice for Bowen disease (BD) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), nonsurgical treatments such as photodynamic therapy (PDT) may be preferred for select tumors. Previous meta-analysis have failed to gather strong evidence to recommend PDT.

OBJECTIVE
This study evaluates the effectiveness of PDT in the treatment of cSCC and BD for clearance rate (CR) after 1 year.

METHODS
A literature search of studies of biopsy-proven BD and cSCC treated with PDT was performed. Pooled CRs were estimated. Subgroup analyses were performed based on follow-up, treatment regimen, lesion size, and site.

RESULTS
Forty-three studies were included, enrolling 1943 BD lesions and 282 SCC lesions. Pooled CRs for BD and SCC were 76% (95% CI: 71%–80%; I2 = 78.9%) and 51% (95% CI: 35%–66%; I2 = 85.7%), respectively.

CONCLUSION
Our findings support the selective use of PDT for BD; however, patients should be advised of potential for recurrence. Although PDT can be used for certain cases of cSCC, the high rate of treatment failure necessitates close surveillance for residual or recurrent disease. Further studies are needed to justify the usage of PDT in the treatment of BD and cSCC.
Role of Platelet-Rich Plasma Therapy as an Adjuvant in Treatment of Melasma
Authors: Bikash Chingshubam , Sarkar Rashmi , Relhan Vineet , Singh Sarika 
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND
The management of melasma is an ongoing challenge. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy has been reported to be beneficial, but there is paucity of studies on PRP therapy in melasma.

OBJECTIVE
To compare the efficacy of PRP therapy and hydroquinone versus hydroquinone alone in melasma.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Thirty patients were randomized to receive PRP microinjections on one side and normal saline on the other in a total of 3 sittings. Patients were concurrently advised 4% hydroquinone (HQ) cream application on both sides of the face. Efficacy was evaluated with hemi-modified Melasma Area Severity Index (MASI) scoring and a 4-scale patient satisfaction grading.

RESULTS
Majority of the subjects (53.3%) in PRP + HQ group and 76.7% in HQ group had 25% to 50% improvement in their MASI scores. However, 40% in the PRP + HQ group and only 3.3% in the HQ group had 51% to 75% improvement. The difference in the percentage improvement was statistically significant. There was a greater percentage of subjects reporting a good response among the HQ + PRP group (53.3%) as compared with the HQ group (27%).

CONCLUSION
Microinjections of PRP combined with topical HQ has better efficacy than topical HQ alone.
Trauma-Informed Approaches to Medicolegal Death Investigation: A Forensic Nursing Perspective
Authors: Drake Stacy A. , Burton Candace 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Forensic nurses engaged in medicolegal death investigations experience trauma-induced responses in responding to, investigating, and documenting sudden unexpected deaths. The trauma of these repeated experiences often results in diminished performance, job dissatisfaction, and burnout. The principles of trauma-informed care are not new but have not been incorporated into death investigation practices. When coupled with medicolegal death investigation procedures, application of these principles can help to alleviate distress for forensic nurses, colleagues, and decedents of concerned families. This case series illustrates how the principles of trauma-informed care can be implemented to enhance communication, deescalate emotional or threatening situations, and prevent retraumatization in the context of medicolegal death investigations.
Cost-Effectiveness and Return-on-Investment of a Participatory Ergonomics Intervention Among Childcare Workers
Authors: Gupta Nidhi , van Dongen Johanna M. , Holtermann Andreas , van der Beek Allard J. , Stevens Matthew Leigh , Nørregaard Rasmussen Charlotte Diana 
Published: February 2022

Objectives
To evaluate the cost-effectiveness and return-on-investment (ROI) of 20-week ergonomic intervention to reduce physical exertion at work compared with usual-practice among childcare workers.

Methods
One hundred ninety workers from 16 institutions were cluster-(institute)-randomized to intervention (n = 96) and usual-practice (n = 94) group. The intervention group participated in three workshops to develop/implement action plans improving ergonomic conditions. The rating of physical exertion (RPE) was measured at baseline and 20-weeks. Employer-perspective-based costs of intervention, absenteeism, and presenteeism were estimated.

Results
Although statistically non-significant, one-unit reduction in RPE was associated with saving of 592 EUR/worker. Per-EUR invested by the employer was associated with 1.6 EUR (95% CI: –3.1; 6.5) return in the intervention compared with usual practice.

Conclusion
The intervention tended to gain monetary benefit for the employer. The results should be replicated in larger populations for improved precision of economic evaluation estimates.

Trial registration: ISRCTN10928313