bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sustainability of agricultural practices in Germany: a literature review along multiple environmental domains
Authors: Baaken Marieke Cornelia 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Promoting and increasing the uptake of sustainable agricultural practices poses a major challenge for European agricultural policy. The scientific evidence for potentially relevant and environmentally beneficial practices, however, is scattered among numerous sources. This article examines the state of knowledge regarding agri-environmental practices and their impact on various domains of the environment (climate change, soil, water and biodiversity). The selection was restricted to practices applicable to German farmers. Ninety-eight literature reviews and meta-analyses assessing the environmental impacts of agri-environmental practices in the German context were found in a systematic review of the academic literature from 2011 onwards. A total of 144 agricultural management practices were identified that contribute toward achieving certain environmental objectives. The practices were clustered in eight categories: (1) Fertilizer strategies, (2) Cultivation, (3) Planting: vegetation, landscape elements & other, (4) Grazing strategies, (5) Feeding strategies, (6) Stable management, (7) Other, (8) Combined practices & bundles. The findings of this study suggest that some general patterns can be observed regarding the environmental benefits of different practices. While it is possible to derive recommendations for specific practices in terms of individual environmental objectives, their relevance is likely to be context-dependent. Moreover, this study reveals that bundles of practices can have positive synergistic impacts on the environment. Notably, only few reviews and meta-analyses considered the implementation and opportunity costs of environmentally beneficial practices. Agri-environmental policies need to consider the broad range of practices that have been shown to impact the environment positively, including their costs, and provide context-specific incentives for farmers to adopt them.
Modelling the future: climate change research in Russia during the late Cold War and beyond, 1970s–2000
Authors: Doose Katja 
Published: March 2022

AbstractClimate models are what governments, experts and societies base their decisions on future climate action on. To show how different models were used to explain climatic changes and to project future climates before the emergence of a global consensus on the validity of general circulation models, this article focuses on the attempt of Soviet climatologists and their government to push for their climate model to be acknowledged by the international climate science community. It argues that Soviet climate sciences as well as their interpretations of the climate of the twenty-first century were products of the Cold War, and that the systematic lack of access to high-speed computers forced Soviet climatologists to use simpler climate reconstructions as analogues, with far-reaching consequences for climate sciences in post-Soviet Russia. By juxtaposing the history of Soviet climate modelling with the early history of the Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change, which rejected the Soviet model, the article sheds light on the relationship of science and politics. The findings are based on archival and print material as well as on interviews.
Nurturing Socioculturally and Medically Appropriate Palliative Care Delivery: Lessons Learned by Israeli Medical Faculty
Authors: Paal Piret , Müller Anne , Gil Woukelyne , Goldzweig Gil , Elsner Frank 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIsrael is one of the few countries worldwide with a national policy and defined standards of palliative care (PC); its culture is highly diverse and more traditionally oriented in comparison with Western countries. This study describes the current state of PC in Israel through examination of: (1) its current status, self-image and structural factors; (2) its relation to cultural and political characteristics; and (3) the chances, goals and obstacles of advancing PC in Israel. Face-to-face interviews were conducted at all five public medical faculties in Israel from November 2017 to February 2018. The following findings are reported: (1) definition of palliative care, (2) multidisciplinary approach, (3) special role of nurses, (4) personal perceptions of death, (5) understanding the role of medicine, (6) specialty palliative medicine, (7) religious, spiritual and cultural aspects, (8) political and economic aspects, (9) obstacles and weaknesses, and (10) prospects and goals of palliative care. Participants perceive PC as an integrative healthcare service that should be available to all patients, including children and their families, at any stage of illness. They internalize that PC principles apply regardless of ethnic, cultural, and religious background. Utilizing nurses’ leadership, enhancing multidisciplinary teamwork, and person-centered approach, supports better PC to more people.
Predicting Viable Skin Concentration: Modelling the Subpapillary Plexus
Authors: Calcutt Joshua J. , Roberts Michael S. , Anissimov Yuri G. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe skin concentration of a substance after a topical application or exposure determines both local treatment outcomes and the dermal toxicity assessment of various products. However, quantifying the time course of those concentrations at skin effect sites, such as the viable epidermal, superficial dermis and appendages in humans is especially problematic in vivo, making physiologically based mathematical modelling an essential tool to meet this need. This work further develops our published physiologically based pharmacokinetic and COMSOL based dermal transport modelling by considering the impact of the superficial subpapillary dermal plexus, which we represent as two well stirred compartments. The work also studied the impact on dermal concentrations of subpapillary plexus size, depth, blood velocity and density of subpapillary plexus vessels. Sensitivity analyses are used to define the most important transport determinants of skin concentrations after topical application of a substance, with previously published results used to validate the resulting analyses. This resulting model describes the available experimental data better than previous models, especially at deeper dermal depths.
Novel hybrid models to enhance the efficiency of groundwater potentiality model
Authors: Talukdar Swapan , Mallick Javed , Sarkar Showmitra Kumar , Roy Sujit Kumar , Islam Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul , Praveen Bushra , Naikoo Mohd Waseem , Rahman Atiqur , Sobnam Mohoua 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe present study aimed to create novel hybrid models to produce groundwater potentiality models (GWP) in the Teesta River basin of Bangladesh. Six ensemble machine learning (EML) algorithms, such as random forest (RF), random subspace, dagging, bagging, naïve Bayes tree (NBT), and stacking, coupled with fuzzy logic (FL) models and a ROC-based weighting approach have been used for creating hybrid models integrated GWP. The GWP was then verified using both parametric and nonparametric receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC), such as the empirical ROC (eROC) and the binormal ROC curve (bROC). We conducted an RF-based sensitivity analysis to compute the relevancy of the conditioning variables for GWP modeling. The very high and high groundwater potential regions were predicted as 831–1200 km2 and 521–680 km2 areas based on six EML models. Based on the area under the curve of the ROC, the NBT (eROC: 0.892; bROC: 0.928) model outperforms rest of the models. Six GPMs were considered variables for the next step and turned into crisp fuzzy layers using the fuzzy membership function, and the ROC-based weighting approach. Subsequently four fuzzy logic operators were used to assimilate the crisp fuzzy layers, including AND, OR, GAMMA0.8, and GAMMA 0.9, as well as GAMMA0.9. Thus, we created four hybrid models using FL model. The results of the eROC and bROC curve showed that GAMMA 0.9 operator outperformed other fuzzy operators-based GPMs in terms of accuracy. According to the validation outcomes, four hybrid models outperformed six EML models in terms of performance. The present study will aid in enhancing the efficiency of GPMs in preparing viable planning for groundwater management.
Groundwater hydrochemistry and consumption patterns in Chandwara community development block of Jharkhand state in India
Authors: Pramanik Arun Kumar , Majumdar Deepanjan , Chatterjee Abhik 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGroundwater quality in rural Chandwara block in Jharkhand State in India is crucial to human livelihood in the region. A study undertaken to examine groundwater quality and consumption patterns in the region revealed that average water consumption per family and per capita were 200–517 and 19.7–47 L per day, respectively, while per capita potable water consumption was 1.2‒4.37 L per day. Groundwater samples were collected primarily from tube-wells and a few from dug-wells (n = 143) in the block during post-monsoon season of 2018–2019 (October 2018 to March 2019). Water quality parameters like Fe, TDS, Total hardness, Ca and turbidity were above the permissible limits of Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) and WHO in 68%, 36%, 39%, 58% and 15.4% of groundwater samples, respectively. Most of the samples (67.9%) belonged to Ca–Mg–HCO3 class while a few (28.6%) were Ca-Mg-SO4-Cl type and the rest (3.6%) were in Ca–Mg–Cl class. As per Gibbs Plot, most samples belonged to the rock weathering region, implying contribution of rock forming minerals to groundwater chemistry. Factor analysis revealed that water quality was controlled by four principal factors to the extents of 43.3, 13.5, 10.9 and 7.3%, respectively, making a cumulative contribution of about 75%. Parameter loading in Factor 1 strongly indicated to various salts dissolving in groundwater from the rocks while Factor 2 was loaded by Fe coming from Fe-bearing rocks and turbidity that is positively influenced by the former. Factor 3 is loaded by pH and alkalinity, pointing to the role of carbonates contributed by the rocks while factor 4, which is loaded by F− and Na, indicates to F−incorporation in water from NaF-bearing rocks.
Arylated analogues of cypronazole: fungicidal effect and activity on human fibroblasts. Docking analysis and molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Herrera Cano Natividad , Andujar Sebastian A. , Theoduloz Cristina , Wunderlin Daniel A. , Santiago Ana N. , Schmeda-Hirschmann Guillermo , Enriz Ricardo D. , Feresin Gabriela E. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTriadimefon (TDM) and cyproconazole (CPZ) are two triazoles widely used as fungicides. Several azoles were synthesised starting from commercial TDM and CPZ. The compounds were evaluated against phytopathogenic filamentous fungi, includingAspergillus fumigatus(AF),A. niger(AN),A. ustus (AU), A. japonicus(AJ),A. terreus (AT), Fusarium oxysporumandBotrytis cinereaisolated from grapevine in the province of San Juan, Argentina. Three of the synthesised compounds (1-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-3,3-dimethyl-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-one,1; 2-(Biphenyl-4-yl)-3-cyclopropyl-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-ol,3; 3-Cyclopropyl-2-(4’-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol1-yl)butan-2-ol,4) presented remarkable in vitro fungicidal properties,with better effects than TDM and CPZ on some of the target fungi. Cytotoxicity was assessed using human lung fibroblasts MRC5. Derivative1, with IC50values of 389.4 µM, was less toxic towards MRC-5 human lung fibroblasts than commercial TDM (248.5 µM) and CPZ (267.4 µM). Docking analysis and molecular dynamics simulations suggest that the compounds present the same interaction in the binding pocket of the CYP51B enzyme and with the same amino acids as CPZ. The derivatives investigated could be considered broad-spectrum but with some selectivity towards imperfect fungi.Graphical abstract
Ipertrigliceridemia: fisiopatologia e significato clinico
Authors: Olivieri Chiara , Pisati Davide , Sironi Francesca , Roversi Tecla , Magni Paolo 
Published: March 2022

SommarioL’ipertrigliceridemia è una condizione patologica identificata da una concentrazione plasmatica di trigliceridi superiore a 150 mg/dL. Le ipertrigliceridemie primarie hanno alla base mutazioni genetiche, mentre le forme secondarie hanno un’origine multifattoriale, spesso in un contesto poligenico predisponente. L’ipertrigliceridemia è un fattore di rischio per patologie cardiovascolari aterotrombotiche e pancreatite acuta. Le terapie volte a migliorare questa condizione comprendono sia l’adozione di un corretto stile di vita, sia trattamenti farmacologici per ridurre i livelli circolanti di trigliceridi.
‘I Know What It's Like’: Epistemic Arrogance, Disability, and Race
Authors: LIEBOW NABINA , ADES RACHEL LEVIT 
Published: March 2022

AbstractUnderstanding and empathy on the part of those in privileged positions are often cited as powerful tools in the fight against oppression. Too often, however, those in positions of power assume they know what it is like to be less well off when, in actuality, they do not. This kind of assumption represents a thinking vice we dub synecdoche epistemic arrogance. In instances of synecdoche epistemic arrogance, a person who has privilege wrongly assumes, based on limited experiences, that she can know what it is like to experience a particular form of oppression. We argue two main points. First, synecdoche epistemic arrogance can lead to a variety of moral harms. Second, synecdoche epistemic arrogance is often tied to other troubling epistemic patterns, which we discuss in the context of disability and race simulations. Overall, the essay helps demonstrate how synecdoche epistemic arrogance can contribute to injustice.
Spatial‐Temporal Behaviors of Large‐Scale Ionospheric Perturbations During Severe Geomagnetic Storms on September 7–8 2017 Using the GNSS, SWARM and TIE‐GCM Techniques
Authors: Li Wang , Zhao Dongsheng , He Changyong , Hancock Craig M. , Shen Yi , Zhang Kefei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGeomagnetic storms on 7–8 September 2017 triggered severe ionospheric disturbances that had a serious effect on satellite navigation and radio communication. Multiple observations derived from Global Navigation Satellite System receivers, Earth's Magnetic Field and Environment Explorers (SWARM) and the Thermosphere‐Ionosphere ‐Electrodynamics General Circulation Model's simulations are utilized to investigate the spatial‐temporal ionospheric behaviors under storm conditions. The results indicate that the electron density in the Asia‐Australia, Europe‐Africa and America sectors suddenly changed with the Bz southward excursion, and the ionosphere over low‐middle latitudes under the sunlit hemisphere is easily affected by the disturbed magnetic field. The SWARM observations verified the remarkable double‐peak structure of plasma enhancements over the equator and middle latitudes. The physical mechanism of low‐middle plasma disturbances can be explained by a combination effect of equatorial electrojets, vertical E × B drifts, meridional wind and thermospheric O/N2 change. Besides, the severe storms triggered strong Polar plasma disturbances on both dayside and nightside hemispheres, and the Polar disturbances had a latitudinal excursion associated with the offset of geomagnetic field. Remarkable plasma enhancements at the altitudes of 100–160 km were also observed in the auroral zone and middle latitudes (>47.5°N/S). The topside polar ionospheric plasma enhancements were dominated by the O+ ions. Furthermore, the TIE‐GCM's simulations indicate that the enhanced vertical E × B drifts, cross polar cap potential and Joule heating play an important role in generating the topside plasma perturbations.
Deformation of Post‐Spinel Under the Lower Mantle Conditions
Authors: Xu F. , Yamazaki D. , Hunt S. A. , Tsujino N. , Higo Y. , Tange Y. , Ohara K. , Dobson D. P. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTo study the viscosity of bridgmanite and ferropericlase aggregate, uniaxial compression deformation experiments on pre‐synthesized post‐spinel phase and bridgmanite two‐layered samples were conducted under top lower mantle pressure and 1773 K utilizing DT‐Cup apparatus. Up to the strain of 0.25 ± 0.05, the observed comparable strain of the bridgmanite and post‐spinel samples suggests the bridgmanite dominates the bulk viscosity of the post‐spinel without strain localization in periclase. The microstructures of the deformed post‐spinel samples show evidence of a similar strain of periclase with the bulk strain without strain partitioning. Texture analyses of bridgmanite indicate a dominant slip plane (100), with a steady state fabric strength achieved within the strain of 0.12 ± 0.01. The current experiment has provided no evidence about an onset of strain localization of ∼30 vol.% periclase at 0.25 strain. Our observations provide direct experimental verification of bridgmanite controlled rheology under low strain magnitude, which should be considered in geodynamical models which include mantle compositional and rheological evolution in the lower mantle.
Vegetal Undercurrents—Obscured Riverine Dynamics of Plant Debris
Authors: Schwab Melissa S. , Hilton Robert G. , Haghipour Negar , Baronas J. Jotautas , Eglinton Timothy I. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMuch attention has been focused on fine‐grained sediments carried as suspended load in rivers due to their potential to transport, disperse, and preserve organic carbon (OC), while the transfer and fate of OC associated with coarser‐grained sediments in fluvial systems have been less extensively studied. Here, sedimentological, geochemical, and biomolecular characteristics of sediments from river depth profiles reveal distinct hydrodynamic behavior for different pools of OC within the Mackenzie River system. Higher radiocarbon (14C) contents, low N/OC ratios, and elevated plant‐derived biomarker loadings suggest a systematic transport of submerged vascular plant debris above the active riverbed in large channels both upstream of and within the delta. Subzero temperatures hinder OC degradation promoting the accumulation and waterlogging of plant detritus within the watershed. Once entrained into a channel, sustained flow strength and buoyancy prevent plant debris from settling and keep it suspended in the water column above the riverbed. Helical flow motions within meandering river segments concentrate lithogenic and organic debris near the inner river bends forming a sediment‐laden plume. Moving offshore, we observe a lack of discrete, particulate OC in continental shelf sediments, suggesting preferential trapping of coarse debris within deltaic and neritic environments. The delivery of waterlogged plant detritus transport and high sediment loads during the spring flood may reduce oxygen exposure times and microbial decomposition, leading to enhanced sequestration of biospheric OC. Undercurrents enriched in coarse, relatively fresh plant fragments appear to be reoccurring features, highlighting a poorly understood yet significant mechanism operating within the terrestrial carbon cycle.
Fast-decaying plant litter enhances soil carbon in temperate forests but not through microbial physiological traits
Authors: Craig Matthew E. , Geyer Kevin M. , Beidler Katilyn V. , Brzostek Edward R. , Frey Serita D. , Stuart Grandy A. , Liang Chao , Phillips Richard P. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractConceptual and empirical advances in soil biogeochemistry have challenged long-held assumptions about the role of soil micro-organisms in soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics; yet, rigorous tests of emerging concepts remain sparse. Recent hypotheses suggest that microbial necromass production links plant inputs to SOC accumulation, with high-quality (i.e., rapidly decomposing) plant litter promoting microbial carbon use efficiency, growth, and turnover leading to more mineral stabilization of necromass. We test this hypothesis experimentally and with observations across six eastern US forests, using stable isotopes to measure microbial traits and SOC dynamics. Here we show, in both studies, that microbial growth, efficiency, and turnover are negatively (not positively) related to mineral-associated SOC. In the experiment, stimulation of microbial growth by high-quality litter enhances SOC decomposition, offsetting the positive effect of litter quality on SOC stabilization. We suggest that microbial necromass production is not the primary driver of SOC persistence in temperate forests. Factors such as microbial necromass origin, alternative SOC formation pathways, priming effects, and soil abiotic properties can strongly decouple microbial growth, efficiency, and turnover from mineral-associated SOC.
First-in-human immunoPET imaging of HIV-1 infection using 89Zr-labeled VRC01 broadly neutralizing antibody
Authors: Beckford-Vera Denis R. , Flavell Robert R. , Seo Youngho , Martinez-Ortiz Enrique , Aslam Maya , Thanh Cassandra , Fehrman Emily , Pardons Marion , Kumar Shreya , Deitchman Amelia N. , Ravanfar Vahid , Schulte Brailee , Wu I-Wei Katherine , Pan Tony , Reeves Jacqueline D. , Nixon Christopher C. , Iyer Nikita S. , Torres Leonel , Munter Sadie E. , Hyunh Tony , Petropoulos Christos J. , Hoh Rebecca , Franc Benjamin L. , Gama Lucio , Koup Richard A. , Mascola John R. , Chomont Nicolas , Deeks Steven G. , VanBrocklin Henry F. , Henrich Timothy J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA major obstacle to achieving long-term antiretroviral (ART) free remission or functional cure of HIV infection is the presence of persistently infected cells that establish a long-lived viral reservoir. HIV largely resides in anatomical regions that are inaccessible to routine sampling, however, and non-invasive methods to understand the longitudinal tissue-wide burden of HIV persistence are urgently needed. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging is a promising strategy to identify and characterize the tissue-wide burden of HIV. Here, we assess the efficacy of using immunoPET imaging to characterize HIV reservoirs and identify anatomical foci of persistent viral transcriptional activity using a radiolabeled HIV Env-specific broadly neutralizing antibody, 89Zr-VRC01, in HIV-infected individuals with detectable viremia and on suppressive ART compared to uninfected controls (NCT03729752). We also assess the relationship between PET tracer uptake in tissues and timing of ART initiation and direct HIV protein expression in CD4 T cells obtained from lymph node biopsies. We observe significant increases in 89Zr-VRC01 uptake in various tissues (including lymph nodes and gut) in HIV-infected individuals with detectable viremia (N = 5) and on suppressive ART (N = 5) compared to uninfected controls (N = 5). Importantly, PET tracer uptake in inguinal lymph nodes in viremic and ART-suppressed participants significantly and positively correlates with HIV protein expression measured directly in tissue. Our strategy may allow non-invasive longitudinal characterization of residual HIV infection and lays the framework for the development of immunoPET imaging in a variety of other infectious diseases.