bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconstruction of the Eukaryotic Communities in Beppu Bay Over the Past 50 Years Based on Sedimentary DNA Barcoding
Authors: Segawa Yudai , Yamamoto Masanobu , Kuwae Michinobu , Moriya Kazuyoshi , Suzuki Hitoshi , Suzuki Koji 
Published: May 2022

AbstractComprehensive reconstruction of changes in eukaryotic communities in the recent past is useful for determining the response of the local ecosystems to global changes during the Anthropocene. We used DNA barcoding technology to reconstruct the marine eukaryotic communities of Beppu Bay, the Seto Inland Sea, Japan, over the past 50 years based on a short sediment core. Highly vulnerable DNA fragments were preserved in the sediments, possibly due to seasonally euxinic conditions. Analysis of the 18S rRNA V9 gene region indicated the temporal variability in eukaryotic communities, which consisted mainly of dinoflagellates and diatoms, in response to changes in the nutrient regime. The dominant species in the dinoflagellate genus Alexandrium changed as the water temperature increased. In addition, enhanced contributions by terrestrial plants and mosses were detected in flood sediments. Our results suggest that DNA fragments can be used as a proxy for the paleoenvironmental and paleoecological conditions in Beppu Bay.
Overexpression of V-ATPase B2 attenuates lung injury/fibrosis by stabilizing lysosomal membrane permeabilization and increasing collagen degradation
Authors: Lee Jong-Uk , Hong Jisu , Shin Hyesun , Ryu Chnag-Beom , Park Sung-Woo , Jeong Sung Hwan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractExcessive oxidative stress causes lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP), which leads to cell death. Vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase) is the enzyme responsible for pumping H+ into the cytosol and thus maintaining intracellular pH. Previously, we reported that V-ATPase B2 subunit expression is upregulated in the TiO2-exposed lung epithelium. We investigated the role of the lysosomal V-ATPase B2 subunit in oxidative stress-induced alveolar epithelial cell death and in an experimental lung injury/fibrosis model. Overexpression of V-ATPase B2 increased lysosomal pH and lysosomal activities in the cells. In the presence of H2O2, overexpression of V-ATPase B2 increased survival, and silencing of V-ATPase B2 dramatically increased cell death. Overexpression of V-ATPase B2 diminished H2O2-triggered LMP, as evidenced by a reduction in acridine orange staining and leakage of cathepsin D from the lysosome to the cytoplasm. In addition, V-ATPase B2-overexpressing macrophages exhibited significantly enhanced uptake and degradation of collagen. V-ATPase B2-overexpressing transgenic mice showed significant inhibition of the bleomycin-induced increases in lung inflammation and fibrosis. We conclude that V-ATPase B2 is critical for maintaining lysosomal activities against excessive oxidative stress by stabilizing LMP. Our findings reveal a previously unknown role of this V-ATPase subunit in a lung injury and fibrosis model.
Through the looking glass: a review of the literature surrounding reflective practice in dentistry
Authors: Campbell Faith , Rogers Helen 
Published: May 2022

AbstractReflection is an essential component of the learning process that helps to elicit deeper learning. In healthcare, this uses experiential activities to produce knowledge that compels the clinician to change their practice. Deep reflection allows one to explore emotions associated with challenging learning experiences, empowering reinterpretation of these experiences and removing barriers to further learning. Reflection is a key requirement of dental education at all stages. This paper aims to explore the existing literature on reflective practice in dentistry and identify areas for further research to improve reflective practice within dentistry.Traditional methods of reflecting through written means are not facilitating the deep reflection which is desired. A systematic overhaul of reflective practice is suggested, involving a shift away from structured written reflections. There is little evidence to inform the most appropriate format for reflective practice in dental education. There is a need for further research to determine the effectiveness of reflective practice in dental education, particularly as a move away from structured written reflection to more creative reflective opportunities are encouraged. Greater exploration of barriers to reflection in dentistry is indicated, with consideration to how these may be overcome and a need to engage regulatory bodies in system-wide changes.
Exosomal circRNA BTG2 derived from RBP-J overexpressed-macrophages inhibits glioma progression via miR-25-3p/PTEN
Authors: Shi Lei , Cao Ying , Yuan Wei , Guo Jun , Sun Guan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMacrophage-derived exosomes (Mφ-Exos) are involved in tumor progression, but its role in glioma is not fully understood. RBP-J is related to macrophage activation. In this study, we assess the role of exosomes derived from RBP-J-overexpressed macrophages (RBP-J OE Mφ-Exos) in glioma. The circular RNA (circRNA) profiles in RBP-J OE Mφ-Exos and THP-1-like macrophages (WT Mφ)-Exos were evaluated using circRNA microarray. Then the functions of Mφ-Exo-circRNA in glioma cells were assessed via CCK-8, EdU, Transwell invasion, and nude mouse assays. Besides, luciferase reporter assay, RNA immunoprecipitation, and Pearson’s correlation analysis were adopted to confirm interactions. We found that circRNA BTG (circBTG2) is upregulated in RBP-J OE Mφ-Exos compared to WT Mφ-Exos. RBP-J OE Mφ-Exos co-culture and circBTG2 overexpression inhibited proliferation and invasion of glioma cells, whereas circBTG2 knockdown promotes tumor growth in vivo. The effects of RBP-J OE Mφ-Exos on glioma cells can be reversed by the circBTG2 knockdown. In conclusions, Exo-circBTG2 secreted from RBP-J OE Mφ inhibits tumor progression through the circBTG2/miR-25-3p/PTEN pathway, and circBTG2 is probably a diagnostic biomarker and potential target for glioma therapy.
Assessing the contribution of genetic nurture to refractive error
Authors: Guggenheim Jeremy A. , Clark Rosie , Zayats Tetyana , Williams Cathy ,   the UK Biobank Eye and Vision Consortium, Guggenheim Jeremy A. , Williams Cathy 
Published: May 2022

AbstractParents pass on both their genes and environment to offspring, prompting debate about the relative importance of nature versus nurture in the inheritance of complex traits. Advances in molecular genetics now make it possible to quantify an individual’s genetic predisposition to a trait via his or her ‘polygenic score’. However, part of the risk captured by an individual’s polygenic score may actually be attributed to the genotype of their parents. In the most well-studied example of this indirect ‘genetic nurture’ effect, about half the genetic contribution to educational attainment was found to be attributed to parental alleles, even if those alleles were not inherited by the child. Refractive errors, such as myopia, are a common cause of visual impairment and pose high economic and quality-of-life costs. Despite strong evidence that refractive errors are highly heritable, the extent to which genetic risk is conferred directly via transmitted risk alleles or indirectly via the environment that parents create for their children is entirely unknown. Here, an instrumental variable analysis in 1944 pairs of adult siblings from the United Kingdom was used to quantify the proportion of the genetic risk (‘single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) heritability’) of refractive error contributed by genetic nurture. We found no evidence of a contribution from genetic nurture: non-within-family SNP-heritability estimate = 0.213 (95% confidence interval 0.134–0.310) and within-family SNP-heritability estimate = 0.250 (0.152–0.372). Our findings imply the genetic contribution to refractive error is principally an intrinsic effect from alleles transmitted from parents to offspring.
Ocean temperatures through the Phanerozoic reassessed
Authors: Grossman Ethan L. , Joachimski Michael M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe oxygen isotope compositions of carbonate and phosphatic fossils hold the key to understanding Earth-system evolution during the last 500 million years. Unfortunately, the validity and interpretation of this record remain unsettled. Our comprehensive compilation of Phanerozoic δ18O data for carbonate and phosphate fossils and microfossils (totaling 22,332 and 4615 analyses, respectively) shows rapid shifts best explained by temperature change. In calculating paleotemperatures, we apply a constant hydrosphere δ18O, correct seawater δ18O for ice volume and paleolatitude, and correct belemnite δ18O values for 18O enrichment. Similar paleotemperature trends for carbonates and phosphates confirm retention of original isotopic signatures. Average low-latitude (30° S–30° N) paleotemperatures for shallow environments decline from 42.0 ± 3.1 °C in the Early-to-Middle Ordovician to 35.6 ± 2.4 °C for the Late Ordovician through the Devonian, then fluctuate around 25.1 ± 3.5 °C from the Mississippian to today. The Early Triassic and Middle Cretaceous stand out as hothouse intervals. Correlations between atmospheric CO2 forcing and paleotemperature support CO2’s role as a climate driver in the Paleozoic.
High precision half-life measurement of the extinct radio-lanthanide Dysprosium-154
Authors: Chiera Nadine Mariel , Dressler Rugard , Sprung Peter , Talip Zeynep , Schumann Dorothea 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSixty years after the discovery of 154Dy, the half-life of this pure alpha-emitter was re-measured. 154Dy was radiochemically separated from proton-irradiated tantalum samples. Sector field- and multicollector-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry were used to determine the amount of 154Dy retrieved. The disintegration rate of the radio-lanthanide was measured by means of α-spectrometry. The half-life value was determined as (1.40 ± 0.08)∙106 y, with an uncertainty reduced by a factor of ~ 10 compared to the currently adopted value of (3.0 ± 1.5)∙106 y. This precise half-life value is useful for the the correct testing and evaluation of p-process nucleosynthetic models using 154Dy as a seed nucleus or as a reaction product, as well as for the safe disposal of irradiated target material from accelerator driven facilities. As a first application of the half-life value determined in this work, the excitation functions for the production of 154Dy in proton-irradiated Ta, Pb, and W targets were re-evaluated, which are now in agreement with theoretical calculations.
Binding of the HSF-1 DNA-binding domain to multimeric C. elegans consensus HSEs is guided by cooperative interactions
Authors: Schmauder Lukas , Sima Siyuan , Hadj Amira Ben , Cesar Ricardo , Richter Klaus 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe protein HSF-1 is the controlling transcription factor of the heat-shock response (HSR). Its binding to the heat-shock elements (HSEs) induces the strong upregulation of conserved heat-shock proteins, including Hsp70s, Hsp40s and small HSPs. Next to these commonly known HSPs, more than 4000 other HSEs are found in the promoter regions of C. elegans genes. In microarray experiments, few of the HSE-containing genes are specifically upregulated during the heat-shock response. Most of the 4000 HSE-containing genes instead are unaffected by elevated temperatures and coexpress with genes unrelated to the HSR. This is also the case for several genes related to the HSP chaperone system, like dnj-12, dnj-13, and hsp-1. Interestingly, several promoters of the dedicated HSR-genes, like F44E5.4p, hsp-16.48p or hsp-16.2p, contain extended HSEs in their promoter region, composed of four or five HSE-elements instead of the common trimeric HSEs. We here aim at understanding how HSF-1 interacts with the different promoter regions. To this end we purify the nematode HSF-1 DBD and investigate the interaction with DNA sequences containing these regions. EMSA assays suggest that the HSF-1 DBD interacts with most of these HSE-containing dsDNAs, but with different characteristics. We employ sedimentation analytical ultracentrifugation (SV-AUC) to determine stoichiometry, affinity, and cooperativity of HSF-1 DBD binding to these HSEs. Interestingly, most HSEs show cooperative binding of the HSF-1 DBD with up to five DBDs being bound. In most cases binding to the HSEs of inducible promoters is stronger, even though the consensus scores are not always higher. The observed high affinity of HSF-1 DBD to the non-inducible HSEs of dnj-12, suggests that constitutive expression may be supported from some promoter regions, a fact that is evident for this transcription factor, that is essential also under non-stress conditions.
The lung microbiome in HIV-positive patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Ueckermann Veronica , Lebre Pedro , Geldenhuys Janri , Hoosien Ebrahim , Cowan Don , van Rensburg Luricke Janse , Ehlers Marthie 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTuberculosis poses one of the greatest infectious disease threats of our time, especially when associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Very little data is available on the lung microbiome in pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in HIV-positive patients. Three patient cohorts were studied: (i) HIV-positive with no respiratory disease (control cohort), (ii) HIV-positive with pneumonia and (iii) HIV-positive with PTB. Sputum specimens were collected in all patients and where possible a paired BALF was collected. DNA extraction was performed using the QIAamp DNA mini kit (QIAGEN, Germany) and extracted DNA specimens were sent to Inqaba Biotechnical Industries (Pty) Ltd for 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis using the Illumina platform (Illumina Inc, USA). Data analysis was performed using QIMME II and R Studio version 3.6.2 (2020). The lung microbiomes of patients with PTB, in the context of HIV co-infection, were dominated by Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes. Loss of biodiversity and dysbiosis was found in these patients when compared to the HIV-positive control cohort. Microbial community structure was also distinct from the control cohort, with the dominance of genera such as Achromobacter, Mycobacterium, Acinetobacter, Stenotrophomonas and Pseudomonas in those patients with PTB. This is the first study to describe the lung microbiome in patients with HIV and PTB co-infection and to compare findings with an HIV-positive control cohort. The lung microbiomes of patients with HIV and PTB were distinct from the HIV-positive control cohort without PTB, with an associated loss of microbial diversity.
Evaluating building performance in healthcare facilities using entropy and graph heuristic theories
Authors: Hassanain Amr A. , Eldosoky Mohamed A. A. , Soliman Ahmed M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDesigning a healthcare facility is one of the most challenging tasks due to the complexity associated with these facilities. The primary goal of healthcare facilities is to provide high-quality care; consequently, the design of healthcare facilities and their environments directly affects the facility's productivity, the organization's economic performance, the experienced clinical outcomes in the hospital, as well as patient and staff satisfaction. The redesign of a healthcare facility is essential for ensuring a serene healing environment for the patients and thus influences their healing rates, reduces the amount of time spent in the facilities, and impacts their level of satisfaction with the care provided. The evaluation methodology is a step in the redesign process that measures the performance of healthcare buildings according to international standards. In this study, the collected standards were weighted using an entropy algorithm to evaluate different departments in various hospitals. In addition, the layout score was measured using the adjacent algorithm as one of the graph heuristic methods to determine whether the department or the whole hospital can be redesigned to meet international standards. According to the results of our methodologies being used in one selected hospital in Egypt, the average of the satisfied standards was 43%, standards that could be satisfied were 24%, not applicable standards were 34%, and the average layout score was 25.
Evaluation of color changes during stability studies using spectrophotometric chromaticity measurements versus visual examination
Authors: Sakiroff Lara-Malenka , Chennell Philip , Yessaad Mouloud , Pereira Bruno , Bouattour Yassine , Sautou Valérie 
Published: May 2022

AbstractStability studies are essential to be able to assign an expiration date to medications. Color variation is one of the organoleptic characteristics of actives substances or medications which can indicate the presence of contaminations, impurities or degradations products. However there is no data available comparing the often used visual examination with spectrophotometric measurements during stability studies. The aim of this study was therefore to evaluate precisely how different the two methods are, by comparing the change of color of two drug formulations chosen as models, assessed by visual examination versus a spectrophotometric colorimetric analysis. Paracetamol and parenteral nutrition solutions were stored in stress conditions for up to 46 days, and were subjected to a visual examination using color reference solutions and to lightness and chromaticity measurement to determine their specific color by UV–Vis spectrophotometry. The color of paracetamol solutions changed faster when exposed to stress condition (light), as did the PNS when exposed to heat. In both cases, color variations were detected earlier and more precisely by UV–Vis spectrophotometry than by visual examination. Color measurement using an UV–Vis spectrophotometry should advantageously replace visual examination when assessing colors changes during drug stability studies.
mGluR5 ablation leads to age-related synaptic plasticity impairments and does not improve Huntington’s disease phenotype
Authors: de Souza Jessica M. , Ferreira-Vieira Talita H. , Maciel Esther M. A. , Silva Nathalia C. , Lima Izabella B. Quirino , Doria Juliana G. , Olmo Isabella G. , Ribeiro Fabiola M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGlutamate receptors, including mGluR5, are involved in learning and memory impairments triggered by aging and neurological diseases. However, each condition involves distinct molecular mechanisms. It is still unclear whether the mGluR5 cell signaling pathways involved in normal brain aging differ from those altered due to neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we employed wild type (WT), mGluR5−/−, BACHD, which is a mouse model of Huntington’s Disease (HD), and mGluR5−/−/BACHD mice, at the ages of 2, 6 and 12 months, to distinguish the mGluR5-dependent cell signaling pathways involved in aging and neurodegenerative diseases. We demonstrated that the memory impairment exhibited by mGluR5−/− mice is accompanied by massive neuronal loss and decreased dendritic spine density in the hippocampus, similarly to BACHD and BACHD/mGluR5−/− mice. Moreover, mGluR5 ablation worsens some of the HD-related alterations. We also show that mGluR5−/− and BACHD/mGluR5−/− mice have decreased levels of PSD95, BDNF, and Arc/Arg3.1, whereas BACHD mice are mostly spared. PSD95 expression was affected exclusively by mGluR5 ablation in the aging context, making it a potential target to treat age-related alterations. Taken together, we reaffirm the relevance of mGluR5 for memory and distinguish the mGluR5 cell signaling pathways involved in normal brain aging from those implicated in HD.
Proteins and proteases of Prader–Willi syndrome: a comprehensive review and perspectives
Authors: Basak Sanjukta , Basak Ajoy 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Prader–Willi Syndrome (PWS) is a rare complex genetic disease that is associated with pathological disorders that include endocrine disruption, developmental, neurological, and physical problems as well as intellectual, and behavioral dysfunction. In early stage, PWS is characterized by respiratory distress, hypotonia, and poor sucking ability, causing feeding concern and poor weight gain. Additional features of the disease evolve over time. These include hyperphagia, obesity, developmental, cognitive delay, skin picking, high pain threshold, short stature, growth hormone deficiency, hypogonadism, strabismus, scoliosis, joint laxity, or hip dysplasia. The disease is associated with a shortened life expectancy. There is no cure for PWS, although interventions are available for symptoms management. PWS is caused by genetic defects in chromosome 15q11.2-q13, and categorized into three groups, namely Paternal deletion, Maternal uniparental disomy, and Imprinting defect. PWS is confirmed through genetic testing and DNA-methylation analysis. Studies revealed that at least two key proteins namely MAGEL-2 and NECDIN along with two proteases PCSK1 and PCSK2 are linked to PWS. Herein, we summarize our current understanding and knowledge about the role of these proteins and enzymes in various biological processes associated with PWS. The review also describes how loss and/or impairment of functional activity of these macromolecules can lead to hormonal disbalance by promoting degradation of secretory granules and via inhibition of proteolytic maturation of precursor-proteins. The present review will draw attention of researchers, scientists, and academicians engaged in PWS study and will help to identify potential targets and molecular pathways for PWS intervention and treatment.
Labor Force Participation and Hearing Loss Among Adults in the United States: Evidence From the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Garcia Morales Emmanuel E. , Lin Haley , Suen Jonathan J. , Varadaraj Varshini , Lin Frank R. , Reed Nicholas S. 
Published: May 2022

Purpose:
The purpose of this article was to study the association between hearing loss (HL) and labor force participation in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).

Method:
This cross-sectional study used data from the 1999–2000, 2001–2002, 2003–2004, 2011–2012, and 2015–2016 cycles of the NHANES. The sample was restricted to adults aged 25–65 years with complete audiometric data. HL was defined based on the pure-tone average (PTA) of 0.5-, 1-, 2-, and 4-kHz thresholds in the better hearing ear as follows: no loss (PTA < 25 dB), mild HL (25 dB < PTA < 40 dB), and moderate-to-severe HL (PTA > 40 dB). The association between HL and labor force participation was estimated using weighted logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, living arrangements, and health status.

Results:
In a sample of 9,963 participants (50.6% women, 22.6% Black, 27% Hispanic), we found that compared with adults without HL, individuals with moderate-to-severe HL had greater odds of being outside of the labor force (odds ratio = 2.35; 95% confidence interval: 1.42–3.88). However, there were no differences by HL status in being employed or having a full- versus part-time job.

Conclusions:
Moderate-to-severe HL, but not mild HL, was associated with higher odds of not participating in the labor force. However, there were no differences by HL status in being employed or having a full- versus part-time job. Further research is needed to better characterize how HL may affect labor force participation.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.19858930