bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rethinking Cultural Probes in Community Research and Design as Ethnographic Practice
Authors: Townsend Scott , Patsarika Maria 
Published: October 2022

AbstractUnderstanding social practices as they co-evolve between researcher-community is fundamental in “design and social innovation” where local knowledge, resources, and agency meet to solve wicked problems (Rittel and Webber, Policy Sciences, 4, 155–169, 1973). In this chapter, we seek to explore the traces that researchers and community members leave behind as indexical forms of representation. Contemporary perspectives urge a critical examination of the interplay between design and broader structural and cultural issues (Björgvinsson et al., CoDesign, 8(2–3), 127–144, 2012). Design methods, however, are often chosen arbitrarily reflecting a “toolbox” mentality that potentially misses culturally embedded nuances (Dourish, Implications for design. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 541–550), 2006). Cultural probes as part of this “toolbox” are often associated with ethnographic methods, yet were never intended to generate data, whereas ethnography goes beyond data gathering to analyze socio-cultural meaning and practices (Boehner et al., How HCI interprets the probes. In CHI Proceedings Designing for Specific Cultures, 2007). We present two case studies to discuss the use of cultural probes in participatory design as enablers of dialogue in open-ended conversations with communities. We draw on reflexive practices and Manzini’s concept of “diffuse design” and “expert design.” Working in communities can thus become a form of “public ethnography,” an effort to understand and analyze social practices from multiple knowledge perspectives as an ongoing process.
Retracing Algorithms: How Digital Social Research Methods Can Track Algorithmic Functioning
Authors: Aragona Biagio , Amato Francesco 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe expanding use of algorithms in society has called for the emergence of “critical algorithm studies” across several fields, ranging from media studies to geography and from sociology to the humanities. In the past 5 years, a consistent literature on the subject has developed. Inspired by these studies, we explored the ways digital traces may be employed for auditing algorithms and find evidence about algorithmic functioning. We focus on the analysis of digital traces through search engines and Application Programming Interfaces (APIs). We present four cases of how digital traces may be used for auditing algorithms and testing their quality in terms of data, model, and outcomes. The first example is taken from Noble’s (2018) bookAlgorithms of Oppression. The other three examples are very recent, two of them related to COVID-19 pandemic and about the most controversial type of algorithms: image recognition. Search as research and the analysis of digital traces and footprints within quasi-experimental research designs are useful methods for testing the quality of data, the codes, and the outcomes of algorithms.
Grenzrollen und Grenzsysteme. Zur soziologischen Theorie des Handelns an den Grenzen sozialer Systeme
Authors: Weißmann Martin 
Published: October 2022

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Kapitel diskutiere ich mit den Begriffen „Grenzrolle“ und „Grenzsystem“ zwei für dieses Buch zentrale soziologische Konzepte. Die Konzepte zielen auf die Analyse der Aktivitäten solcher Mitglieder eines sozialen Systems, die im Auftrag ihres Entsendesystems, zum Beispiel einer Polizeibehörde, in Kontakt mit Nichtmitgliedern des Systems treten, zum Beispiel mit Bürgern während einer Verkehrskontrolle oder einer Beschuldigtenvernehmung. In Bezug auf formale Organisationen meint der Begriff der „Grenzrolle“ („boundary role“) also Organisationsmitglieder mit regelmäßigem Publikumskontakt, während der Begriff des „Grenzsystems“ den sei es einmaligen, sei es auf Wiederholung angelegten Kontakt der Grenzrolle zu ihrem Gegenüber erfassen soll. Ausgehend von einem Blick zurück auf einige klassische Texte aus der organisationstheoretischen Literatur behandelt das Kapitel die Doppelmitgliedschaft von Grenzrollen in ihrem Entsendesystem und dem Grenzsystem als zentrales Strukturmerkmal von Grenzrollen und die aus Sicht der Grenzrolle problematische Freiheit ihres Publikums zum Verzicht auf Kooperation als zentrales Strukturmerkmal von Grenzsystemen. Anschließend werden vier für Grenzrollen zentrale Funktionen unterschieden, nämlich der Vollzug von Systemleistungen an und vor Nichtmitgliedern sowie Informationsgewinnung, Repräsentation und Vermittlung. Zu den wichtigsten Charakteristika und Handlungsproblemen von Grenzrollen zählen ihre gespaltene Loyalität, ihr oft widerspenstiges oder jedenfalls unberechenbares Publikum, das an sie oft von beiden Seiten gerichtete Misstrauen und die Aussicht auf den Gewinn eines formal nicht vorgesehenen Einflusses innerhalb ihres Entsendesystems.
Thermal emission of gravitational waves from weak to strong coupling
Authors: Castells-Tiestos Lucía , Casalderrey-Solana Jorge 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We study the production of gravitational waves by a thermalized plasma of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
=4 Supersymmetric Yang Mills matter. We focus on the large number of colors limit, Nc → ∞, and compute the spectrum of gravitational waves both for infinitely large and infinitesimally small values of the ‘t Hooft coupling constant λ. In the λ → ∞ limit we employ the gauge/gravity duality to compute the emission rate via the analysis of Energy-Momentum tensor thermal correlators. In the λ → 0 limit we employ state-of-the-art perturbative analyses to calculate the complete leading order emission rate. By comparing these extreme limits, we bracket the magnitude of the spectrum induced by this source of gravitational waves. Embedding our results in a cosmological evolution model, we find qualitative and quantitative similarities between the strong coupling spectrum and the extrapolation of the perturbative results up to an intermediate value of the coupling, after an appropriate re-scaling of the effective number of degrees of freedom. We comment on how our results can help better understand the contribution of thermalized matter to the stochastic spectrum of gravitational waves.
Leigh-Strassler compactified on a spindle
Authors: Arav Igal , Gauntlett Jerome P. , Roberts Matthew M. , Rosen Christopher 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We construct a new class of supersymmetric AdS3 × Y7 solutions of type IIB supergravity, where Y7 is an S5 fibration over a spindle, which are dual to d = 2, $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (0, 2) SCFTs. The solutions are constructed in a sub-truncation of D = 5, SO(6) maximal gauged supergravity and they all lie within the anti-twist class. We show that the central charge computed from the gravity solutions agrees with an anomaly polynomial calculation associated with compactifying the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1, d = 4 Leigh-Strassler SCFT on a spindle.
Improved shrinkage estimators in the beta regression model with application in econometric and educational data
Authors: Arabi Belaghi Reza , Asar Yasin , Larsson Rolf 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAlthough beta regression is a very useful tool to model the continuous bounded outcome variable with some explanatory variables, however, in the presence of multicollinearity, the performance of the maximum likelihood estimates for the estimation of the parameters is poor. In this paper, we propose improved shrinkage estimators via Liu estimator to obtain more efficient estimates. Therefore, we defined linear shrinkage, pretest, shrinkage pretest, Stein and positive part Stein estimators to estimate of the parameters in the beta regression model, when some of them have not a significant effect to predict the outcome variable so that a sub-model may be sufficient. We derived the asymptotic distributional biases, variances, and then we conducted extensive Monte Carlo simulation study to obtain the performance of the proposed estimation strategy. Our results showed a great benefit of the new methodologies for practitioners specifically in the applied sciences. We concluded the paper with two real data analysis from economics and education.
Linear Non-Autonomous Heat Flow in $$L_0^1({{\mathbb {R}}}^{d})$$ and Applications to Elliptic Equations in $${{\mathbb {R}}}^{d}$$
Authors: Robinson James C. , Rodríguez-Bernal Aníbal 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe study solutions of the equation $$u_t-\Delta u+\lambda u=f$$

u
t

-
Δ
u
+
λ
u
=
f

, for initial data that is ‘large at infinity’ as treated in our previous papers on the unforced heat equation. When $$f=0$$

f
=
0

we characterise those $$(u_0,\lambda )$$

(

u
0

,
λ
)

for which solutions converge to 0 as $$t\rightarrow \infty $$

t
→
∞

, as not every $$\lambda >0$$

λ
>
0

is able to achieve that for all initial data. When $$f\ne 0$$

f
≠
0

we give conditions to guarantee that the solution is given by the usual ‘variation of constants formula’ $$u(t)=\mathrm{e}^{-\lambda t}S(t)u_0+\int _0^t\mathrm{e}^{-\lambda (t-s)}S(t-s)f(s)\,\mathrm{d}s$$

u

(
t
)

=

e

-
λ
t

S

(
t
)

u
0

+

∫
0
t

e

-
λ
(
t
-
s
)

S

(
t
-
s
)

f

(
s
)

d
s

, where $$S(\cdot )$$

S
(
·
)

is the heat semigroup. We use these results to treat the elliptic problem $$-\Delta u+\lambda u=f$$

-
Δ
u
+
λ
u
=
f

when f is allowed to be ‘large at infinity’, giving conditions under which a solution exists that is given by convolution with the usual Green’s function for the problem. Many of our results are sharp when $$u_0,f\ge 0$$

u
0

,
f
≥
0

.
Effects of superoxide anion attack on the lipoprotein HDL
Authors: Napolitano Gaetana , Fasciolo Gianluca , Tomajoli Maria Teresa Muscari , Carlucci Alessandro , Ascione Ester , Salvatore Alfonso 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHigh-density lipoprotein (HDL) is an anti-atherosclerotic lipoprotein. Thanks to the activity of apolipoprotein ApoA1, the principal protein component of HDL, this last is responsible for converting cholesterol into ester form and transporting excessive cholesterol to the liver (“reverse cholesterol transport” RCT). When HDL undergoes oxidation, it becomes dysfunctional and proatherogenic. ApoA1 is a target of oxidation, and its alteration affects RCT and contributes to atherosclerosis development. Until now, the mechanism of HDL oxidation is not fully understood and only hydroxyl radicals seem to induce direct oxidation of protein and lipidic components of lipoproteins. Here we demonstrate that superoxide radical, widely produced in early atherosclerosis, directly oxidizes HDL, and as a consequence, ApoA1 undergoes structural alterations impairing its anti-atherosclerotic functions. Our results highlight in an in vitro system the potential mechanism by which O2·− triggers atherosclerotic pathogenesis in vivo. Our study gets the basis for therapeutic approaches focused on the management of superoxide generation in early atherosclerosis onset.
Auswirkungen der Corona-Unterstützungsmaßnahmen auf die subjektive Gesundheit und das Wohlbefinden der Beschäftigten in staatlichen Hochschulen aus Sicht von Expert*innen
Authors: Engelhardt Arne , Hildmann Sarah , Löffler Marlena , Teichmann Leonie , Niederberger Marlen 
Published: October 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Coronapandemie und die notwendigen Maßnahmen zur Eindämmung des Infektionsgeschehens prägten in den Jahren 2020/2021 die Lebens- und Arbeitssituation aller Menschen. Auch deutsche Hochschulen mussten zur Fortführung der Forschung und Lehre Infektionsschutzmaßnahmen für Beschäftigte ergreifen. Diese hatten positive und negative Auswirkungen auf die subjektive Gesundheit und die Alltagsgestaltung der Beschäftigten. Um mögliche Gefährdungen zukünftig in ähnlich herausfordernden Situationen oder bei der Verstetigung von Maßnahmen zu vermeiden, ist die Kenntnis über gesundheitliche Auswirkungen von großer Bedeutung.

Methode
Durch einen Mixed-Methods-Ansatz wurden Hochschulakteur*innen mit Expertise in den Bereichen Gleichstellung, Inklusion, Gesundheitsmanagement und Hochschulseelsorge mithilfe eines Online-Fragebogens zu den Auswirkungen von beruflichen Unterstützungsmaßnahmen im Zuge der Coronapandemie auf die subjektive Gesundheit und das Wohlbefinden der Beschäftigten in Hochschulen befragt.

Ergebnisse
Insgesamt nahmen 117 Expert*innen an der quantitativen Befragung teil. Insbesondere die Entgrenzung zwischen Privat- und Berufsleben (71 %) sowie das Gesundheitsverhalten der Beschäftigten während der Pandemie (55 %) beurteilen diese kritisch. Den kollegialen Umgang zwischen Kolleg*innen nehmen die meisten (81 %) positiv wahr. Gleichzeitig sehen die Expert*innen eine Verschlechterung der sozialen Beziehungen (78 %). Ihrer Einschätzung nach ist die Arbeitssituation unter Coronabedingungen für die Beschäftigten überwiegend handhabbar (55 %), verständlich (71 %) und sinnvoll (64 %).

Schlussfolgerung
Insgesamt zeichnen die Expert*innen ein differenziertes Bild über die Situation an den deutschen Hochschulen während der Coronapandemie. Es gibt Hinweise, dass sich die Situation für spezifische Beschäftigtengruppen in der Hochschule als deutlich herausfordernder erweist als für andere. Wird die Online-Lehre und Telearbeit an Hochschulen verstetigt, sind insbesondere Aspekte der sozialen Gesundheit und der Aspekt der Entgrenzung von Arbeit- und Privatleben differenziert nach unterschiedlichen Lebenslagen zu beachten.
Health-related quality of life 15 years after oesophageal cancer surgery: a prospective nationwide cohort study
Authors: SCHANDL Anna , CHENG Zhao , JOHAR Asif , LAGERGREN Pernilla 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Purpose
We aimed to study oesophageal cancer survivors’ health-related quality of life (HRQL) 15 years after surgery and to identify factors related to reduced HRQL.

Methods
A nationwide, prospective cohort study enrolling 616 patients who underwent open oesophageal cancer surgery in Sweden between April 2, 2001, and December 21, 2005. HRQL was evaluated by questionnaires 15 years after surgery. HRQL data for the 15-year survivors were individually matched for age, sex and comorbidity by using values from a Swedish background population. Multivariable linear regression models provided mean score differences (MSD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for each HRQL scale and item.

Results
Among the 616 individuals in the original study group, 70 (11%) survived for 15 years and 52 (74%) responded to the questionnaires. Compared with a matched background population, the survivors reported problems in 10 of 25 HRQL aspects. Most of these were related to symptoms of the digestive tract, such as reflux (MSD 26.4, 95%CI: 18.3 to 34.4), dysphagia (MSD 17.7, 95%CI: 10.0 to 25.4) and eating difficulties (MSD 16.4, 95%CI: 11.3 to 21.4). Major postoperative complications after surgery were related to worse HRQL in 11 of 25 aspects.

Conclusions
This study suggests that surgery for oesophageal cancer entails long-term, possibly life-long, symptoms related to the digestive tract.
Implication for Cancer Survivors.
Comprehensive support from healthcare may be imperative for oesophageal cancer survivors to adapt to and cope with consequences of oesophageal cancer surgery. Prevention, early identification and adequate treatment of postoperative complications may improve patient outcome.
Mobilität einzelner Membranproteine in Mitochondrien
Authors: Busch Karin B. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMitochondria are enveloped by an outer membrane (OM) and possess a highly complex inner membrane (IM) with multiple cristae invaginations. We asked how the dynamics of the receptor Tom20 in the OM and ATP synthase in the IM would be affected by the membrane architecture. Single molecule tracking of fluorescence-labeled single particles revealed striking differences in the mobility patterns and diffusion coefficients: ATP synthase is trapped in cristae, while Tom20 is highly diffusive.
Wie das Membranprotein CD20 humane B-Lymphozyten ruhig hält
Authors: Kläsener Kathrin , Reth Michael 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe membrane protein CD20 of B lymphocytes is the target of Rituximab (RTX), the first successful therapeutic antibody. The biological function of CD20 was a mystery so far. We found that loss of CD20 leads to the reorganization of a protein/lipid nanodomain on the plasma membrane, the activation of human B cells, and their differentiation into antibody-producing plasma cells. These finding shed new light on the functional membrane organization and the therapeutic mechanism of anti-CD20 antibodies.
Transboundary marine governance and stakeholder engagement in complex environments and local seas: experiences from the Eastern Mediterranean
Authors: Papageorgiou Marilena 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper discusses marine governance experiences from the Eastern Mediterranean, an area characterized by great complexities in spatial and governance terms. In particular, the paper examines experiences drawn from two research projects where multi-level and cross-sectoral governance schemes were tested as a side procedure to maritime spatial planning (MSP). The case studies represent highly complex marine environments (with great insularity, extended coastlines, formation of gulfs, etc.), where an unusually high number of national and local stakeholders are involved. Following the lessons learnt, the paper argues that (1) local governments (regions and municipalities) should have a more meaningful involvement in the MSP process that is currently a task mainly addressed by central government, and (2) certain competencies and licensing of marine activities and infrastructure can be transferred to the local governments. This paper also argues that MSP should also be performed at the local scale, where planning has a more regulatory nature and land–sea interactions can be addressed. Useful steps to achieve the above are as follows: (a) establishment of (regional) networks engaging coastal and insular regions and municipalities sharing the same (local) sea in the MSP process, and (b) establishment of local stakeholder networks having the same agendas and priorities at sea. Engaging regional and municipal authorities, as well as local stakeholders in a more fundamental way, is of paramount importance because at this (local) level, citizen science and ocean literacy prevail and can be of great use to the MSP process.
Longitudinal Associations Between Arts Engagement and Flourishing in Young Adults: A Fixed Effects Analysis of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics
Authors: Bone Jessica K. , Bu Feifei , Sonke Jill K. , Fancourt Daisy 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThere is growing evidence on the impact of arts engagement on flourishing. However, social gradients in arts engagement and flourishing may have led to an overestimation of this impact, and there is a lack of longitudinal research in young people. We aimed to test the longitudinal associations between arts engagement and flourishing in emerging adults, accounting for observed and unobserved individual characteristics. We included 3,333 participants aged 18–28 from the Transition into Adulthood Supplement of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. We measured flourishing across emotional, psychological, and social wellbeing, and frequency of engagement in artistic, musical, or theatrical organized activities, biennially 2005–2019. We analyzed data using fixed effects regression and Arellano-Bond methods to control for bidirectional relationships. Increases in arts engagement were associated with increases in flourishing, before and after adjusting for time-varying confounders. This relationship was driven by enhanced psychological and social wellbeing. After controlling for bidirectionality, increases in arts engagement predicted subsequent improvements in flourishing and social wellbeing. In sensitivity analyses, residential area was a moderator; arts engagement was only associated with increased flourishing in metropolitan (and not non-metropolitan) areas. Increases in arts engagement are associated with enhanced flourishing within individuals, and these associations hold across many subgroups of the population. Those in non-metropolitan areas may have fewer opportunities for arts engagement. Future work must consider how funding can be distributed to ensure that the arts are accessible across communities and geographical areas, providing all young people with opportunities to experience their potential benefits.
Biochar as construction materials for achieving carbon neutrality
Authors: Zhang Yuying , He Mingjing , Wang Lei , Yan Jianhua , Ma Bin , Zhu Xiaohong , Ok Yong Sik , Mechtcherine Viktor , Tsang Daniel C. W. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBiochar is a waste-derived material that can sequester carbon at a large scale. The development of low-carbon and sustainable biochar-enhanced construction materials has attracted extensive interest. Biochar, having a porous nature and highly functionalised surface, can provide nucleation sites for chemical reactions and exhibit compatibility with cement, asphalt, and polymer materials. This study critically reviewed the state-of-the-art biochar-enhanced construction materials, including biochar-cement composites, biochar-asphalt composites, biochar-plastic composites, etc. The efficacies and mechanisms of biochar as construction materials were articulated to improve their functional properties. This critical review highlighted the roles of biochar in cement hydration, surface functional groups of engineered biochar for promoting chemical reactions, and value-added merits of biochar-enhanced construction materials (such as humidity regulation, thermal insulation, noise reduction, air/water purification, electromagnetic shielding, and self-sensing). The major properties of biochar are correlated to the features and functionalities of biochar-enhanced construction materials. Further advances in our understanding of biochar’s roles in various composites can foster the next-generation design of carbon–neutral construction materials.
Graphical Abstract
Coronavirus disease tracheostomy complications: a scoping review
Authors: Rosario E , Ross T , Komorowski M , Tolley N 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 increased the numbers of patients requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation, with a subsequent increase in tracheostomy procedures. Coronavirus disease 2019 patients are high risk for surgical complications. This review examines open surgical and percutaneous tracheostomy complications in coronavirus disease 2019 patients.MethodsMedline and Embase databases were searched (November 2021), and the abstracts of relevant articles were screened. Data were collected regarding tracheostomy technique and complications. Complication rates were compared between percutaneous and open surgical tracheostomy.ResultsPercutaneous tracheostomy was higher risk for bleeding, pneumothorax and false passage. Surgical tracheostomy was higher risk for peri-operative hypoxia. The most common complication for both techniques was post-operative bleeding.ConclusionCoronavirus disease 2019 patients undergoing tracheostomy are at higher risk of bleeding and peri-operative hypoxia than non-coronavirus disease patients. High doses of anti-coagulants may partially explain this. Reasons for higher bleeding risk in percutaneous over open surgical technique remain unclear. Further research is required to determine the causes of differences found and to establish mitigating strategies.
The Social Dynamics of Violence and Respect: State, Crime and Church in a Brazilian Favela
Authors: Beraldo Ana 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDrawing on extensive ethnographic fieldwork carried out in a large favela of Belo Horizonte, this study argues that there are three logics at play when it comes to regulating violence in poor Brazilian urban areas: that of crime, that of the state, and that of religion. These three logics act as normative regimes which, connected by the shared notion of ‘respect’, form symbolical relationships among themselves alternating between dissonance and coordination. This everyday interaction produces a normative triangle that determines which lives are more and which are less valuable and, therefore, the likeliest target of violence.