bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fruit Set and Carbohydrate Status in Alternate and Nonalternate Bearing Citrus Cultivars
Authors: Schaffer Arthur A. , Goldschmidt Eliezer E. , Goren Raphael , Galili David 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A comparative study of fruit set of an alternate bearing cultivar of Citrus (‘Murcott’, a C. reticulata hybrid of unknown origin) and a nonalternating cultivar [C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck ‘Shamouti’] was conducted. ‘Murcott’ set a higher percentage of flowers (13.6%) than ‘Shamouti’ (3.8%), because of a higher abscission rate in ‘Shamouti’ throughout the fruit set period. Prebloom girdling increased fruit set significantly in ‘Shamouti’ but had a smaller effect in ‘Murcott’. The nonstructural carbohydrate balance of ‘Murcott’ and ‘Shamouti’ fruiting branches during fruit set as affected by girdling also were investigated. ‘Murcott’ generally had a higher starch content in the fruiting twigs and a higher starch and soluble sugars content in the mature, source leaves. Girdling increased the starch content in mature leaves and twigs of both ‘Murcott’ and ‘Shamouti’. This increase was observed in ‘Murcott’ 2 weeks after girdling, but only 4 and 8 weeks after girdling in ‘Shamouti’ leaves and twigs, respectively. ‘Shamouti’ mature leaves and twigs also had increased soluble sugars content because of girdling. In expanding new leaves, ‘Shamouti’ had similar or higher amounts of nonstructural carbohydrates than did ‘Murcott’, but during maturation, ‘Murcott’ young leaves developed a higher sugar starch content than ‘Shamouti’ young leaves, similar to the situation in mature one-year-old leaves. These results are discussed in terms of source-sink relationships and fruit set.
Influence of Flooding on Root Morphological Components of Young Black Beans
Authors: Kahn Brian A. , Stoffella Peter J. , Sandsted Roger F. , Zobel Richard W. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Three black bean cultivars (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), ‘Midnight’, ‘Black Turtle Soup’, and ‘T-39’, were grown in a sand culture in a series of greenhouse experiments. Seedlings were subjected to various flooding treatments beginning at the time the first true leaves were fully expanded and continuing for up to 14 days. Root systems were partitioned into adventitious, basal, and tap components at harvest. Basal roots accounted for the greatest proportion of the total root biomass in control plants. Adventitious roots became the dominant root component in plants which had been flooded for up to 7 days and then allowed to recover for 7 days. The production of adventitious roots by flooded plants reduced their shoot:root ratios to values closer to those of unflooded control plants. ‘Midnight’ plants usually had larger basal roots and higher total root and shoot weights than plants of the other 2 cultivars. All 3 cultivars, however, were proportionally affected to the same extent by flooding.
Occurrence and Cause of Shoot-tip Necrosis in Shoot Cultures
Authors: Sha Liu , McCown Brent H. , Peterson Lloyd A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A shoot-tip necrosis in actively-growing shoot cultures of various species has been observed. Using 3 cultivars of Solatium tuberosum grown on media differing in Ca concentration (0.3, 3.0, and 30 mm Ca), typical necrosis was induced or suppressed. Potatoes at 0.3 mm contained about 0.1% Ca g1 dry weight of shoot and also showed the highest incidence of shoot-tip necrosis, ranging from 48% to 72%, depending on the cultivar. Potatoes grown at 3 or 30 mm Ca contained 0.5% or 3% Ca g−1 dry weight of shoot, respectively, and showed only 0% to 9% necrotic shoots, depending on cultivar. In addition to medium Ca content, Parafilm used as the vessel closure promoted shoot-tip necrosis, but increased levels of Ca in the medium tended to overcome the effect. Although cultivar differences in tissue content of other minerals were apparent, these were not associated with the shoot-tip necrosis problem. We conclude that shoot-tip necrosis is associated with a Ca deficiency in actively-growing shoot cultures.
Predicting the Dates of First Commercial Harvest of Selected Ontario Peach Cultivars
Authors: Smith Richard B. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Multiple linear regression analysis was used to develop commercial harvest prediction dates for peach ‘Earlired’, ‘Redhaven’, and ‘Loring’. Prediction equations were developed using degree day summations and date of full bloom as variables. These equations were adjusted for geographic microclimatic variation and tested in 6 commercial peach orchards over 4 years. Predicted dates and actual first commercial harvest dates differed by 4 days or less for 100%, 96%, and 84% of the predictions for ‘Earlired’, ‘Redhaven’, and ‘Loring’, respectively.
Changes in Water Soluble Polyuronides in the Pulp Tissue of Ripening ‘Bosc’ Pears following Cold Storage in Air or in 1% Oxygen
Authors: Chen P. M. , Borgic D. M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
‘Bosc’ pears (Pyrus communis L.) harvested at an optimum maturity, based on flesh firmness (about 62 N), were stored either in air or 1% O2 (plus <0.03% CO2) at −1°C. Fruit stored in air for 1 to 3 months softened rapidly after 2 days of ripening at 20°C and reached ripeness with flesh firmness of 20 N or lower by the 9th day. Ripening was associated with a reduction in extractable juice (EJ) and an apparent increase in water soluble polyuronides (WSP). Fruit stored in air for 4 to 5 months also softened rapidly after 2 days of ripening, but flesh firmness was still between 26 and 30 N after 9 days; however, EJ and WSP of fruit did not change appreciably during 9 days of ripening. The WSP content in fruit stored in either air or 1 % O2 increased substantially during 6 months of storage at −1°C. Increased WSP content during storage did not affect the quantity of EJ. Fruit stored at 1% O2 showed a reduction in EJ and an increase in WSP during the 9-day ripening period, whereas, in long-term air-stored fruit, EJ did not decline while WSP was degraded. Correlation of EJ and WSP during each ripening period provided an estimation of storage life. Increased WSP after ripening might be responsible for the increase in hygroscopic binding capacity of the ripened pulp tissue.
Factors Affecting in Vitro Germination and Storage of Jojoba Pollen
Authors: Lee Chin Won , Thomas John C. , Buchmann Stephen L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Conditions for in vitro germination of jojoba [Simmondsia chinensis (Link) Schneider] pollen were optimized in order to study the influence of storage temperature on viability. A medium consisting of 300 mg·liter−1 CaCl2·2H2O, 100 mg·liter−1 KNO3, 10 mg·liter−1 H3BO3, 20% sucrose, and 4% to 5% Difco Bacto-agar was optimal for germinating both fresh and stored pollen. Pollen germinated readily in media with a pH range of 4 to 8. The optimum incubation temperature range for pollen germination was 25° to 30°C. When stored at room temperature (22° to 25°), the initial pollen viability was decreased to 50% in 3 weeks and to 0% after 10 weeks, as determined by in vitro germination. Pollen stored at 4° maintained its initial viability for 10 weeks, followed by a gradual decrease in germination to 70% in 17 weeks and 0% after 22 weeks. Pollen stored at −196° in liquid nitrogen for 2 years retained a germination percentage as high as that of fresh pollen. The eryogenieally stored pollen, when used in controlled pollinations, produced normal fruit set comparable to that with fresh pollen.
Carbohydrate Accumulation and Color Development in Watermelon
Authors: Brown Alex C. , Summers W. L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunberg) Matsumura and Nakai], cultivars ‘Allsweet’, ‘Charleston Gray’, ‘Crimson Sweet’, and ‘Iopride’ were grown from transplants at Ames, Iowa, harvested at 4-day intervals for a total of 11 harvests. Carbohydrates from fruit juice extracts were determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography, and flesh color was determined by using a colorimeter. The reducing sugars, fructose and glucose, generally increased in concentration from 20 to about 36 days after anthesis and thereafter declined in each of the 4 cultivars. Sucrose was measurable in the fruit tissue 20 days after anthesis and thereafter increased. Total sugar concentration increased from 20–60 days after anthesis, with its most rapid increase occurring between 20 and 36 days. For the 4 cultivars sampled, relative sweetness index and total sugar concentration values were similar. Results confirm that ‘Charleston Gray’ develops its maximum red flesh color before reaching maximum sweetness. Such a developmental pattern may have a negative affect on per capita consumption when fruits are harvested on the basis of flesh color rather than edible quality.
Concentration of Anthocyanins Affecting Spathe Color in Anthuriums
Authors: Iwata R. Y. , Tang C. S. , Kamemoto H. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In the article “Concentration of Anthocyanins Affecting Spathe Color in Anthuriums” by R.Y. Iwata, C.S. Tang, and H. Kamemoto [Journal 110(3):383–385], the Figure 1 caption was incorrect. The correct caption should read: Spathe color expressions of anthurium clones in relation to the proportions of cyanidin 3-rhamnosylglucoside and pelargonidin 3-rhamnosylglucoside expressed as OD per gram fresh weight. • Dark Red, ◯ Bright Red, △ Red, ⬣ Light Red, □ Pink, ▴ Light Coral, ≪ Coral, ▪ Orange.
Effects of Shoot, Root, and Shank Chilling during Rest in Apple and Peach on Growth Resumption and Carbohydrates
Authors: Young Eric , Werner Dennis J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
One-year-old nursery trees of ‘Redchief’ apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) on MM106, M9, and seedling rootstocks and ‘Redhaven’ peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch.] on Lovell rootstock were subjected to root and shoot chilling treatments for 1500 and 1200 hr, respectively, followed by forcing in the greenhouse. Budbreak and new shoot and root growth were increased by chilling the apple root and shoot. In contrast, only shoot chilling increased these parameters in peach. When shanks of clonal apple rootstocks were treated as part of the shoot, statistical interaction between shoot and root chilling was eliminated when the shank was treated as part of the root. The root chilling effect was significant for both clonal and seedling apple rootstocks. Rootstock temperature (4° or 16°C) did not affect starch, soluble sugars, or sorbitol levels in scion, shank, or roots of apple and peach. Starch and soluble sugars generally decreased throughout the chilling and forcing phases, while sorbitol increased.
Firmness of Sweet Cherry Fruit following Multiple Applications of Gibberellic Acid
Authors: Facteau T. J. , Rowe K. E. , Chestnut N. E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Multiple applications (1-3) of 10 and 50 ppm GA3 to ‘Bing’ and ‘Lambert’ (Prunus avium L.) sweet cherries increased fruit firmness and weight, and delayed harvest. Firmness was positively related to dose of GA3 (number of applications × concentration), soluble solids (SS), and In leaf/fruit ratio. GA3 interacted with SS so that the effect of GA3 dose on firmness was increased at higher SS levels. Fruit coloring was delayed by GA3. Chemical name used: gibberellic acid (GA3).
Seasonal Response of ‘Anjou’ Pear Trees to Different Irrigation Regimes. II. Mineral Composition of Fruit and Leaves, Fruit Disorders, and Fruit Set
Authors: Brun Charles A. , Raese J. Thomas , Stahly Edward A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Mature bearing pear [Pyrus Communis L. ‘Beurre d'Anjou’ (‘Anjou’)] trees were irrigated weekly at 125% of pan evaporation (wet), biweekly at 100% of pan evaporation (normal), or irrigated only twice (dry) during the summers of 1980 and 1981. Fruit Ca concentration of dry treatment fruit generally was greater than the concentration in normal or wet treatment fruit. Although irrigation treatment did not consistently alter fruit K or Mg concentration, the K/Ca ratio of normal or wet treatment fruit typically was greater than that for dry treatment fruit. Dry treatment fruit had the lowest concentrations of peel and flesh N from 42–144 days after full bloom in 1981, resulting in lower N/Ca ratios than normal or wet treatment fruit. Fruit from the lower half of tree canopies had a greater Ca concentration resulting in lower N/Ca and K/Ca ratios than in fruit from the upper canopy positions. The lowest incidence of fruit disorders (alfalfa greening and cork spot) occurred in the dry treatment trees. Fruit disorders, especially cork spot, were positively correlated with increased irrigation, shoot growth, fruit N and K concentrations, fruit N/Ca and K/Ca ratios, and early (5-1-81) levels of fruit B, Fe, Mn, and Zn, but negatively correlated to Ca. Although there was no significant effect of irrigation treatment on bloom density in 1981, fruit set was reduced in trees subjected to the dry irrigation regime.
Evidence for Chromosomal Differentiation of Allium fistulosum and A. cepa
Authors: Peffley E. B. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Interspecific F1 hybrid plants between Allium fistulosum L. and A. cepa L. exhibit bivalent pairing suggesting genomic homology; however, chromosomal variants exist rendering meiotic abnormalities. The occurrence of multivalent associations suggest at least 1 translocation differentiates the 2 species. The chromosome bearing the nucleolus organizer is apparently involved in the translocation. The presence of bridges and fragments in anaphase and telophase I also indicates the occurrence of at least 1 inversion. A minimum of 2 heteromorphic bivalents were observed which probably reflects the translocation and/or inversion(s).
Effect of Tillage on Sweet Corn Development and Yield
Authors: Petersen Kerry L. , Mack Harry J. , Booster Dean E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
‘Jubilee’ sweet corn (Zea mays L.) was grown under conventional and strip tillage in 1982 and under conventional tillage, strip tillage, and no-till culture in 1983. Stand establishment was decreased by strip tillage in 1982, but was lower only in the no-till treatment in 1983. Midseason plant height in strip tillage was slightly less than in conventional tillage both years, whereas the no-till plants were much shorter than in other treatments the second year. Yields of husked ears from strip tillage were 7% and 16% lower than from conventional tillage in 1982 and 1983, respectively. In 1983, yield from the no-till treatment was 31% lower than from conventional tillage. The percentage of kernel moisture always was higher from plants in strip tillage and no-till, indicating these treatments had ears that were more immature at time of harvest than in conventional tillage. Average daily soil temperatures at the 5 cm depth for the first 30 days after planting in 1983 were highest for conventional tillage, followed by strip tillage and no-till.
Peat and Bark Media Nutrient Levels in Relation to Geranium Growth and Tissue Analysis
Authors: Widmer R. E. , Prasad M. , Marshall R. R. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The relationship between water extraction (1:1.5) values and nutrient uptake in geranium (Pelargonium × hortorum Bailey) growing in moss peat (peat), bark, or moss peat and soil media was investigated. Nitrogen, P, and K fertilizers were incorporated in increments in the starting media and applied again in solution, about at the crop midpoint. Desirable nutrient N(NH4+-N + NO3--N), P(H2PO4--P) and K(K+) values (DV) from media analysis at the start of the experiments (MDV) and midway to flowering (FDV) also were calculated from regression equations on the basis of maximum growth rates, maximum dry weight production at midharvest, and final harvest. The relationships between plant uptake of N, P, and K and the water extract concentrations were generally very good, except for K in bark for both harvests and in peat at the first harvest, and an underestimated P uptake in peat + soil and in bark. The media DV obtained using growth data were broadly similar to those using plant dry weight data, although somewhat lower for N during the early growing period.
Utilization of a Response Surface Technique to Study Light Acclimation of Indoor Flowering Plants
Authors: Kraszewski Renata A. , Ormrod Douglas P. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A central composite rotatable design was used to estimate polynomial equations describing the effect of a 2-phase sequence of light levels on growth and flowering of Browallia speciosa L. (browallia), Crossandra infundibuliformis Salisb. (crossandra), and Oxalis vulcanicola L. (oxalis) in controlled environments. Plants were subjected to 9 lighting regime combinations of 30 days at light levels that might be used by a producer (production light phase) and 30 days at levels that might be used by a consumer (postharvest light phase). In the first phase plants received photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) for 12 hr day ranging from 20 to 350 μmol s−1m−2 (400–700 nm) and in the 2nd phase levels of 17 to 300 μmol s−1m−2. Various growth, flowering, and aesthetic response variables were measured at the beginning and at the end of each phase for covariate analysis. The response surface equations were displayed as isometric (3-dimensional) plots with phase 1 and phase 2 light levels as the 2 base axes. If responses were significant in only one phase, 2-dimensional response curves were plotted. The response surfaces evaluated plant response to light level and extent of change in response to light level in the 2nd phase. Browallia increased in size at a wide range of light levels and some change in response to light occurred between phases. Crossandra increased in size and had high quality foliage at low light levels but there were fewer flowers. Oxalis increased in size and flowered profusely only when light levels were high in both phases. There was little evidence of change in light response in crossandra and oxalis with the treatment durations used in this study.
Structural Differences between Green and White Sectors of Variegated Scindapsus aureus Leaves
Authors: Araus J. L , Sabidó J. , Aguilá F. J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Several anatomical and ultrastructural features, as well as some related physiological parameters, have been studied in green and white sectors of Scindapsus aureus variegated leaves. Incidence of structural variations in dark respiration rates of leaves also has been considered. Total chlorophyll content of white sectors is about 2% that of green ones. Dark respiration rate in white sectors is about half that measured in green sectors. There are no differences anatomically between both types of sectors. Plastid number and plastid long axis length are greater in green than in white sectors. Such differences explain why the plastid area to leaf area ratio in white sectors is about half that of green sectors. This ratio has been related to differences in dark respiration rate between green and white sectors. Mutant plastids are typical photobleaching mutants. There seems to be a good correspondence with Knoth's model for plastid degeneration. Mutant plastids have an extensive system of peripheral reticula.
Cauliflower, Broccoli, and Brussels Sprouts Responses to Concentrated Superphosphate and Potassium Chloride Fertilization
Authors: Peck Nathan H. , MacDonald George E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L. ‘Imperial 10-6’), broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica Plenck ‘El Centro’), and brussels sprouts (Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera Zenk. ‘Jade Cross’) were grown at 0, 84, 336, and 1344 kg of concentrated superphosphate (CSP) (0, 17.5, 70, and 280 kg P) and 0, 67, 268, and 1072 kg of potassium chloride (KC1) (0, 35, 140, 560 kg K) fertilizers per hectare, per application in a long-term plant nutrition experiment. Increasing the rate of CSP increased the concentrations of P, Ca and Mg but decreased K and Zn in leaf blades at midseason. Increasing the rate of KC1 increased the concentrations of K and Zn but decreased Ca and Mg in leaf blades. Increasing the rates of CSP and KC1 hastened maturity and increased yields of cauliflower and broccoli in harvest sequences, whereas brussels sprouts were less responsive to CSP or KC1 at one harvest. High rates of CSP without KC1 reduced the yield of cauliflower compared to the lower rates. Increasing the rate of KC1 increased the incidence of hollow stem, a quality defect, in cauliflower and broccoli. Best production of uniform maturity and yield was obtained with a combination of the CSP at 336 kg·ha−1 and KC1 at 268 to 1072 kg·ha−1 per application in a long-term rotation.
Effects of Sludge, Bed, and Genotype on Cucumber Growth and Elemental Concentrations in Fruit and Peel
Authors: Harrison Helen C. , Staub Jack E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Three cucumber hybrids (Cucumis sativus ‘County Fair’, ‘Calypso’, and ‘Southern Belle’) were grown in order to determine the effects of sludge application, bed type, and genotype on elemental concentration in edible plant tissue, vegetative growth, and crop yield. Actual and available soil elemental levels and soil temperature were recorded. Plants were grown in replicated field plots of silt loam amended with 90 MT/ha/year of industrial or municipal sludge and a control with no sludge application. Three bed types were used — level or flat bed, 15-cm raised bed, and 15-cm raised bed of unamended topsoil over prepared flat bed (overcover bed). Sludge and bed type had no effect on soil temperature. Highest yields were obtained from ‘County Fair’ grown on flat beds amended with municipal sludge. Consistent differences were found among genotypes for elemental accumulation in fruit and peel, with ‘Calypso’ showing the lowest levels for all elements when significant differences occurred. Sludge and bed effects on fruit and peel elemental accumulation were variable among years and elements.
Root-zone Temperature Effects on Pepper
Authors: Gosselin André , Trudel Marc-J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Ten-week-old pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L. ‘Bell Boy’) were grown at 5 different root-zone temperatures (RZT) (12°, 18°, 24°, 30°, or 36° ± 2°C) for a period of 8 weeks. Maximum shoot dry weight and leaf area were measured at 24° and 30° RZT. Leaf area ratio (LAR) was not significantly affected by RZT treatments. Fruit weight was maximum at 30° RZT, but earliness was delayed at high RZT. Nitrogen, P, and K content of shoots were increased, but Mg and Ca concentrations were reduced at high RZT. Plant photosynthesis was the highest at 36° RZT. Increasing RZT improved both greenhouse or outdoor pepper production.
Fruit Age and Gibberellic Acid Effect on Epicuticular Wax Accumulation, Respiration, and Internal Atmosphere of Navel Orange Fruit
Authors: El-Otmani Mohamed , Coggins Charles W. , Eaks Irving L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Relationships among fruit age, epicuticular wax, weight loss, internal atmosphere composition, and respiration were investigated in mature ‘Washington’ navel orange fruit [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck]. Fruit epicuticular wax, internal CO2, and internal C2H4 increased, whereas as the season advanced, weight loss during storage and respiration decreased. Concomitantly, fruit conductance to CO2 was reduced. GA3 (10 ppm) application prior to fruit color break reduced the increase in epicuticular wax and thereby delayed the decrease of CO2 conductance, resulting in less of an increase in internal CO2. GA3-treated fruit were not consistently different for other parameters evaluated. Chemical name used: lα,2β,4aα,4bβ,10β)-2,4a,7-trihydroxy-l-methyl-8-methylenegibb-3-ene-l,10-dicarboxylic acid l,4a-lactone (gibberellic acid).