bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bayesian models to explain autistic traits in psychiatric population
Authors: Benassi M. , Garofalo S. , Vitali L. , Orsoni M. , Sant’Angelo R. , Raggini R. , Piraccini G. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionStudies on psychiatric patients have shown that the presence of autistic traits affects the effectiveness of the treatment, decreasing the likelihood of positive clinical outcomes.ObjectivesThe aim of the present study is to investigate which are the areas of overlap between psychiatric symptoms and the traits of the autism spectrum using a bayesian approach.MethodsA sample of 190 adult psychiatric patients, diagnosed with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depression, and personality disorder participated in the study. The RAADS-R questionnaire was used to assess the presence of autistic traits. The severity of psychiatric symptoms was measured with the BPRS and PANSS scales, the perceived well-being and disability using the Whodas and Whoqol scales, the TOL and STROOP for the measurement of executive functions, the attentional matrices for visual-spatial attention, the Raven for general cognitive skills.ResultsNo difference emerged between the diagnoses regarding the presence of symptoms of the autism spectrum, which affects 64% of subjects. Logistic regression showed that the severity of symptoms measured as BPRS and PANSS predicted the probability of having autistic traits. Bayesian regression showed that specific autistic traits are indicative of executive functions deficits. Namely, motor impairment severity measured at RAADS is strongly predicted by rule violation with number of correct moves measured at TOL. The other executive functions seemed to be only moderately linked to autistic traits.ConclusionsThese results provide new information about the expression of comorbidity with autism in psychiatric patients.
Parkinson’s disease and depression
Authors: Maamri A. , Ghabi H. , Zalila H. 
Published: February 2022

Introduction
Parkinson’s disease has long been considered as a neurodegenerative disorder of pure motor expression. Motor dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease and other parkinsonian disorders is frequently accompanied by nonmotor signs and symptoms, including cognitive impairment, apathy, anxiety, and depression. Among psychiatric disorders comorbid with Parkinson’s disease, depression is probably the most important in terms of frequency and impact.ObjectivesThe aim of this presentation was to illustrate the importance of considering depressive symptoms in patients with Parkinson’s disease.MethodsA case report describing a patient with depressive symptoms in a patient with Parkinson’s disease and literature review.ResultsWe report a case of a 57-year-old woman who presented symptoms of Parkinson’s disease for two years. She was treated with Benserazide (Madopar). She was referred to our department for depressive symptomatology. The patient suffered from fatigue, insomnia, loss of sexual desire, sadness, anhedonia, and social withdrawal during the last three months. The diagnosis of depression was not immediately retained. Finally, a major depressive episode was diagnosed. Fluoxetine (20mg per day) was prescribed with clinical improvement.Conclusions

The diagnosis of a depressive episode is most often complex, due to an overlap symptomatic of both disorders. The depression comorbid to Parkinson’s disease because of its frequency and impact, requires specific identification and management early.
The quality of life of comorbid patients with pathology of thyroid gland and gastroesophageal reflux disease
Authors: Artemieva M. , Manyakin I. , Basova E. , Ratenau V. Fon 
Published: February 2022

Introduction
In Russia, the prevalence of GERD is 18-46% [Ivashkin V. T., Maev I. V., Trukhmanov A. S., 2011]. GERD leads to a significant decrease in the quality of life of patients, especially with nocturnal symptoms, extraesophageal symptoms (chest pain, persistent cough), and increases the risk of complications such as bleeding from ulcers and erosions, peptic strictures and, which causes the greatest caution, Barrett’s esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinomasObjectivesThe medical and social significance of the pathology of the thyroid gland and gastrointestinal tract problem is determined by their high prevalence regardless of age, the annual increase in morbidity and the decrease in the quality of life (QOL).MethodsPatients were divided in two groups: patients with GERD; patients with GERD and hypothyroidism. Quality of life was studied using the non-specific (general) SF 36 questionnaire.ResultsThe lowest indicators were shown by patients with GERD and hypothyroidism (PF scale - Me 75.00 and 45.00 (p=0.005470), RF scale - 75,00 and 25.00 (p=0.043046), BP scale - 74.00 and 52.00 (p=0.036493), GH scale - 58.00 and 15.00 (p=0.009959)). The second group was more disadvantaged (VT scale - IU 52.50 and 32.50 (p=0.098125), SF scale - 75 00 and 50.00 (p=0.019016), RE scale - 33.30 and 0.00 (p=0.028841), GH scale - 48.00 and 36.00 (p=0.025919).ConclusionsAccording to the results, the presence of combined pathology of the thyroid gland and gastrointestinal tract significantly affected the physical and psychological component of health in the studied patients.
Executives functions in co-occuring adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and alcohol use disorder
Authors: D’Alessandro A. , Bendimerad P. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionExecutives functions (EF) are cognitive processes mediating the ability to successfully regulate thoughts and behaviours in order to fulfil a goal. EF impairment has been found both in the Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and in the Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD). Deficits in EF may have a major impact on patients’ everyday life.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate EF in a population with a dual diagnosis of Adult ADHD et AUD. We also evaluated the correlation between EF and the dimensions of quality of life.MethodsFor this observational multicentric study, we included patients with AUD starting long-term residential treatment. We used ASRS v.1.1 to screen for Adult ADHD and DIVA to confirm the diagnosis. We assess EF with BRIEF-A. WHOQoL-BREF was used to evaluate quality of life.Results
Our population consists of 49 patients. Adult ADHD prevalence was 24,49%. Impairment score of all EF explored (Inhibition, Shifting, Emotional Control, Self-Monitoring, Initiative, Working Memory, Planning/Organizing, Organization of materials, Task Monitoring) was higher in patients with co-occuring Adult ADHD and AUD than in patients without Adult ADHD (p<0,001). We found strong negative correlation between Psychological Health and impairment score of Inhibition (p<0,001), Emotion Control (p<0,001), Self-Monitoring (p<0,001) and planning/Organizing (p<0,001). The other dimensions of quality of life were poorly correlated to EF impairment.ConclusionsThe prevalence of Adult ADHD in AUD patients is high. When AUD and Adult ADHD coexist, EF impairment is stronger and quality of life is poorer. Psychological health and EF impairment are strongly associated.
Psychiatric manifestations of Wilson’s disease
Authors: Freitas R. Mota , Valadas M.T. 
Published: February 2022

Introduction
Wilson’s Disease is a rare, autosomal recessive disorder related to disturbances of copper metabolism. Its clinical picture includes hepatic, neurologic, psychiatric, and systemic manifestations. Psychiatric symptoms are frequent over the course of this disease and can be found in up to a quarter of patients at presentation. Successful treatment for Wilson’s Disease can be achieved using anti-copper agents.ObjectivesWe aim to review the literature regarding the psychiatric manifestations of Wilson’s Disease. We also include brief considerations about their management.Methods
We performed an updated review in the PubMed database using the terms “Wilson’s Disease” and “Psychiatric manifestations”. The included articles were selected by title and abstract.ResultsPsychiatric manifestations, including psychosis, mood disorders, personality disorders and cognitive impairment are common in Wilson’s Disease and can be the initial symptoms of this condition. The diagnosis of Wilson’s Disease in people presenting with psychiatric symptoms heralds special considerations in psychopharmacology since this population has a higher risk of hepatic impairment, epilepsy, and extrapyramidal side effects.ConclusionsPsychiatric symptoms are common in Wilson’s Disease and can be its presenting clinical features. Missing the diagnosis of Wilson’s Disease can stall an efficient treatment and lead to inadequate patient management.
Immunotherapy and psychosis: It there a risk?
Authors: Barbosa D. , Mota M. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionOver the past decades, immunotherapy treatments have been a revolution to many chronic diseases with encouraging results in clinical outcomes and quality of life. The use of monoclonal antibodies has yielded a great variability in terms of clinical efficacy and tolerability although it’s believed the incidence of psychotic symptoms is low (0,1-0,4%).Objectives
To review the effects of monoclonal antibodies on psychosis.MethodsReview of literature using PubMed database. A total of 16 studies were included.ResultsThe targeted molecules by monoclonal antibodies may determine the risk of psychosis. While those who target TNF-alfa seem to have a reduced risk of psychosis (such as Infliximab, Adalimumab, Certolizumab and Golimumab), monoclonal antibodies who modulate lymphocytes may have a greater risk of psychosis namely Natalizumab, Belimumab, Basiliximab and Daclizumab, which seems to correlate to evidence of alterations in lymphocyte subsets in groups of patients with first psychotic episode and schizophrenia. Some seem to have positive correlation with psychosis namely monoclonal antibodies who have a supressing effect on the immune system, especially those who target adaptative immunity and those who are used in autoimmune diseases (vs oncologic conditions). It is unknown if delusions prevail over hallucinations or vice-versa. Despite the paucity of evidence, these findings corroborate the variability regarding the psychiatric effects of immunotherapy.ConclusionsThe available literature reports a low prevalence of psychotic symptoms associated with the use of monoclonal antibodies but it highlights the importance in knowing the immune mechanisms involved in psychotic disorders. Greater research is needed to correctly assess that risk.
Neuropsychiatric complications of traumatic brain injury
Authors: Santos C. Fernandes , Medeiros A.B. , Gomes R. , Descalço N. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, giving rise to a variety of neuropsychiatric syndromes associated with great functional impairments, chronic disability and poor quality of life. Depending on diagnostic criteria, 20-90% of victims of TBI develop at least one neuropsychiatric manifestation in the first month, and about 40% present at least three symptoms during three months, with higher incidence in females. Survivors of TBI are at increased risk for development of severe, long-term psychiatric disorders. The aetiology of these disturbances remains unclear.ObjectivesTo review current knowledge on the neuropsychiatric consequences associated with TBI.MethodsNon-systematic review of literature through search on PubMed/MEDLINE database for publications up to 2020, following the terms “traumatic brain injury” and “neuropsychiatry”.ResultsAlthough the experience of neuropsychiatric symptoms may be temporary and may resolve in the acute period, many patients with TBI can experience psychopathology that is persistent or that develops in the post-acute period, regardless of injury severity. These symptoms can involve personality changes, psychosis, major depression, generalized anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, maladaptive social behaviours, poor disability adjustment, reduced coping skills and cognitive impairment. Evidence remains insufficient to conclude the role of TBI-related neuropathological consequences in the development of post-TBI neuropsychiatric disorder. Non-organic factors are also implicated in its generation and maintenance.ConclusionsNeuropsychiatric sequelae are common following TBI. Several of these syndromes are amenable to treatment. Further investigations are required to better understand the mechanistic aetiology of these conditions and the effectiveness of therapeutic modalities.
Illness anxiety disorder
Authors: Higueras P. Hervias , Jorge S. García , Lauffer J. Correas 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThe diagnosis of hypochondria has disappeared in the new classification of mental illness. About 25% of patients who were diagnosed with hypochondria now fall into the category illness anxiety disorder. This disorder constitutes a new diagnostic category in DSM5 and is included within the somatic symptom and related disorders.ObjectivesWe propose to carry out a bibliographic review off the new diagnostic category of illness anxiety disorder.MethodsWe present the clinical case of a 27-year-old man in the context of the Covid19 pandemic.Results
The illness anxiety disorder is characterized by being concerned about having or acquiring a serious illness. Somatic symptoms are not present, but if they are, they are of mild intensity. The level of concern is excessive or disproportionate if there is any disease or if there is a high risk of developing it. There is a high level of health anxiety and the individual is easily alarmed by personal health status. It is a disorder that tends to be chronic and recurrent. The exact comorbidity is still unknown. However, it is important to keep in mind that hypochondria concurs with anxiety disorders and depressive disorders. Treatment is based on the cognitive restructuring of bodily symptoms. In addition, exposure therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy are also effective. Regarding pharmacological treatment, SSRIs are useful in relation with comorbidity.ConclusionsIllness anxiety disorder is characterized by significant attention to somatic concerns in medical places, making it very useful for primary care professionals.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the development of acute and transient psychotic disorders
Authors: Pérez-Balaguer A. , Solari-Heresmann L.M. , Gil-Benito E. , Sanz-Aranguez B. , Gayubo-Moreo L. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionSince the declaration of the COVID-19 pandemic, several studies have demonstrated its considerable psychological impact. The isolation and social distancing, the increased fear of being infected or infecting others and the insecurity generated by the economic impact, could contribute to an increase in the incidence of mental health issues, such as psychotic disorders.ObjectivesThe aim is to discuss four clinical cases in order to provide further evidence on this matter.MethodsWe report on three females and one male with no personal psychiatric history who were admitted to a tertiary hospital during the first three months after the declaration of the pandemic. The average age was 44,25 ± 14,97 years.Results
All patients met the International Statistical Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) criteria for acute and transient psychotic disorder. All of the episodes were triggered by the stress generated from the COVID-19. Complementary tests were unremarkable. They all tested negative for SARS-CoV-2. Rapid discharge with favorable response to relatively low doses of antipsychotics was possible with a mean length of stay of 7,25 ± 2,86 days. In two of the cases the delirious content was predominantly marked by the coronavirus itself.ConclusionsIt has been suggested that the intense psychosocial stress associated with a new life-threatening disease and national lockdown restrictions could be triggers for new-onset psychotic disorders. Some authors have reported cases similar to ours, which means that we could be experiencing and increase in the incidence of psychotic disorders due to the exceptional circumstances we are living around the world.
Relationship between fear of COVID-19 and individual factors – a preliminary study
Authors: Cabaços C. , Pereira A.T. , Araujo A. , Sousa R. , Macedo A. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionFear associated to infectious diseases is directly related with their transmission rate, morbidity and mortality. High levels of fear associated with COVID-19 can affect people’s ability to act and think rationally. In a time of pandemics, it is essential to understand individual factors that might be associated to higher vulnerability to stress and fear.ObjectivesTo analyse: a)correlations between Fear of Covid-19 and clinical and sociodemographic characteristics; b)the mediator role of repetitive negative thinking on the relationship between personality traits and Fear of Covid-19.Methods
234 adults (75.6% women; mean age=29.53±12.51) completed an on-line survey with the Portuguese version of the Fear of Covid-19 Scale (FCV-19S) and other questionnaires to evaluate clinical and sociodemographic characteristics (years of education, perceived physical and mental health and infection by Covid-19), Personality (NEO-FFI-20) and Repetitive negative thinking (PTQ-15). SPSS and Process Macro (Hays, 2020) were used.ResultsFCV-19 mean scores were significantly higher in women and significantly correlated with years of education (r=-.14) (p<.05). History of previous/current Covid-19 infection did not significantly distinguish FCV-19 scores and they did not correlate with perceived health. FCV-19 correlated significantly with neuroticism and PTQ total and dimensional scores (r>.20, p<.01). Both Repetitive thinking and Cognitive interference were mediators of the relationship between neuroticism and fear of COVID, even after controlling for gender and education.ConclusionsThis study provides preliminary evidence on individual factors that might be associated to the emotional response to the Covid-19 pandemics, aiming to facilitate public health initiatives to ease people’s fears in a near future.
Prevalence of maternal burn out and depression in tunisia during the coronavirus pandemic
Authors: Bergaoui E. , Lansari R. , Karmous A. , Larnaout A. , Melki W. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionLockdown due to coronavirus pandemic has been a stressful experience especially to mothers. Juggling work from home and childcare has led to maternal burn out and depression.ObjectivesThe aim of the present study was to assess maternal burn-out rate during lockdown and its eventual relationship with depression and associated factorsMethods156 Tunisian mothers responded to online questionnaire posted on social network after 1 month of lockdown. The questionnaire evaluated burnout and depression as measured by the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and depression and anxiety symptoms (HADS) respectively.ResultsThe participants were aged between 24 and 64 years and 61.5% had more than one child. Mean score on the BMS10 was 4.11 out of 7 maximum score with 71.8% of participants fulfilling criteria for maternal burn-out. Among them, 30.1% had high level of burn out and 9.6% extreme burn out. The main factors associated with maternal burn out were age of children, financial difficulties and lack of leisure activities. Mother’s age, perceived husband support, medical or psychiatric history haven’t been associated with maternal burn out. HADS questionnaire indicated that 38.5% of mothers had moderate to severe anxiety disorder and 35,9% had moderate to severe depressive disorder. A postive correlation was found between burnout and anxiety (r=0.634, p<0.001) and burn out and depression (r=0.515, p<0.001).ConclusionsThe prevalence of maternal burn out during lockdown was significantly high resulting in higher rate of depression than ususal. However, severe forms of burnout may share several characteristics with depression raising the question of overlap of these two entities.
COVID-19 unit in psychiatric hospital
Authors: Salas I. Alonso , Navarro C. González , García O. Euba 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionAs coronavirus pandemic burst in Spain in March 2020, Zamudio Hospital -a monographic psychiatric institution- was urged to create an specific Covid unit. It was destined to patients with psychiatric admission criteria, who in addition oscillated between positive asymptomatics or with mild symptoms to suspect cases or close contacts.ObjectivesTo describe and analyse the characteristics of the unit and the patients who were admitted during the confinement period by Covid-19, between March 14th and June 21st 2020.MethodsThe patients’ data were collected retrospectively. These data included: age; sex; admission criteria; diagnosis at discharge; confirmed/ suspected/contact case; presence/absence of symptoms; length of hospital stay; number of doctor on call assessment.Results
An area within the hospital wards was reserved to COVID cases / suspected / contact patients requiring psychiatric care. The storing of material and PPE was held in the forementioned area, according to protocolary measures. 26 Patients (11 women and 15 men) were admitted to the unit. Mean age was 44 years old. Diagnosis at discharge were mainly Schizophrenia (31%), Schizoaffective disorder (23%), other psicosis (11,5%) and Bipolar disorder (8%). The mean hospital stay was 5 days. There were a total of 7 confirmed positive cases, all with asyptomatic-mild course.ConclusionsThe establishment of this unit has ensured a proper psychiatric care and a strict control of Covid-19 transmission within patients and staff members.
COVID-19 stigma
Authors: Marinho G. , Peta J. , Pereira J. , Marguilho M. 
Published: February 2022

Introduction‘Health‐related stigma’ is typically known as social rejection or exclusion of individuals and populations suffering from specific health problems. Results on previous infectious diseases showed that stigma can be experienced by survivors but also by health‐care workers (HCW). Several factors contribute to stigma associated with infectious diseases, such as people’s knowledge, myths and stories transmitted by the mass and social media and psychosocial variables, such as risk perception and fear of being infected. COVID‐19 is a new disease with many unknown aspects and, naturally, people are afraid of the unknown.ObjectivesTo reflect on infectious diseases and social stigma during covid-19 pandemics.MethodsPubmed and Google Scholar search.Results
Stigmatization can considerably increase psychosomatic distress and disturbance and can negatively affect people with infection and those at risk of infection in seeking medical care. HCWs and volunteers working in the field may also become stigmatized, leading to higher rates of distress, stress, and burnout When people avoid groups or geographic areas related to infectious diseases, this can pose significant economic losses. Thus, stigma is more than a mere negative outcome of infectious diseases; it is both a factor that contributes to the epidemics and pandemics and a disease in itself.ConclusionsAnticipating disease‐related stigma during the COVID‐19 pandemic enables policy‐makers to address it, restricting its adverse effects. The hidden burden caused by this stigma can cause severe consequences for patients, HCW, and public health measures, so, coordinated psychological interventions to overcome this crisis seems essential.