bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of New Four Races of Barley Stem Rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) for the First Time in Egypt
Authors: Mohdly B. R. , Khalil A. E. , Mansour Mohamed , El-Wakeel Sally E. , Ibrehim S. D. 
Published: November 2022

Four pathogenic races belonging to Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici Eriks and Henn, were genetically identified in Egypt for the first time on barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), using the molecular biology method, using specific ITS primers (PCR) and Fingerprinting using (RAPD) markers, these races were recorded, during the present study, in the gene bank under accession numbers MW 931757, 931758, 931759 and 931760. Also, five Egyptian barley varieties, i.e. Giza 123, Giza 124, Giza 125, Giza 126 and Giza 2000 were evaluated for their resistance to stem rust and some vegetative traits under field conditions in Sids, Giza, Nubariya and Sakha agricultural research stations during growing season 2020/2021. All tested barely cultivars were resistant to the pathogen races. Cultivar Giza 125 exhibited an earliness for heading and maturity, while cv. 2000 exhibited the highest values for spike length, grain numbers/spike, 1000 grain weight, biological and grain yield.
Survey of the Intestinal Bacterial Compositions of Three Sympatric Passeriformes Species
Authors: Masuda Hisako , Zarabadi Fattaneh Nejad , Rifai Lina 
Published: November 2022

Aims: The gut microbiota of avian species, especially wild birds, is studied less than that of mammals. Moreover, due to ethical concerns, a vast majority of microbiota studies have been limited to their feces. In this study, we investigated the microbial composition in the upper intestinal tract of sympatric, heterospecific bird species.
Study Design: We obtained samples from three wild bird species belonging in the same Order Passeriformes: Cedar Waxwing (Bombycilla cedrorum), American Robin (Turdus migratorius) and Dark-eyed Junco (Junco hyemalis). The samples were obtained from wild birds soon after they died due to physical injury. Microbial diversity was analyzed via high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene fragments.
Place and Duration of Study: Indiana University Kokomo campus, Indiana. United States, between October 2019 and December 2020.
Methodology: Illumina Miseq sequencing of V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was employed to determine microbial composition. The α and β diversity were determined by Shannon’s diversity index and principal coordinate analysis, respectively. Pair-wise comparison of Bray-Curtis dissimilarity between birds of same species, different species, collection dates and years were analyzed.
Results: The proteobacterial sequences were predominant in all samples. However, the comparison at the level of bacterial class revealed a significant intraspecies variation in both α and β diversity. Additionally, some microbiota exhibited higher interspecies similarity than intraspecies similarity, despite these birds not sharing the same foraging guilds.
Conclusion: Our study revealed high variability in the microbial compositions within the upper part of the digestive tract of closely related Passeriform birds in their natural environment.
The Value of Tumor Size as a Prognostic Factor in Rectal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Talayea Sarrah Mohamed , Ibrahim Bahaa Saied , Sedky Hamdy Abd-Allah , Tawfik Hesham Ahmed 
Published: November 2022

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third frequent diagnosed cancer and third cause of cancer death. Curative intent surgery followed by chemoradiotherapy are the standard of care for patients with CRC to reduce local recurrence and enhance overall survival (OS). This study aimed to evaluate tumor size as a prognostic factor for rectal adenocarcinoma local recurrence.
Patients and Methods: This retrospective phase II study reviewed 100 rectal adenocarcinoma patients who were treated and followed up for 5 years after treatment. The medical records were reviewed for all cases including demographic data, medical history, personal habits, uncontrolled chronic medical condition, presenting symptoms and signs, pathological data, laboratory investigations, diagnosis, radiological examination, treatment details and treatment outcome assessed by OS and disease-free survival (DFS).
Results: During 5 years of follow up in our study, 12 patients (12%) had local recurrence. Patients with tumor size > 5 cm has a significantly shorter DFS. DFS within 2-yrs for tumours ≤5 cm 96%, while 5-years DFS was 90%. While for tumours >5cm, 2-years DFS was 70% and 55% for 5-years and more. In tumours size >5cm, 2-years OS was 75%, 3-years OS was 72% and 5-years was 70% While In tumours ≤ 5cm, overall survival was 84%. Patients who had neoadjuvant chemoradiation also had a significant low local recurrent rate with (p=.042) in multivariate analysis.
Conclusions: Tumor size has a prognostic value in rectal adenocarcinoma. Tumor size >5 cm is associated with higher rate of local recurrence and worse DFS.
Effect of Nudges to Clinicians, Patients, or Both to Increase Statin Prescribing
Authors: Adusumalli Srinath , Kanter Genevieve P. , Small Dylan S. , Asch David A. , Volpp Kevin G. , Park Sae-Hwan , Gitelman Yevgeniy , Do David , Leri Damien , Rhodes Corinne , VanZandbergen Christine , Howell John T. , Epps Mika , Cavella Ann M. , Wenger Michael , Harrington Tory O. , Clark Kayla , Westover Julie E. , Snider Christopher K. , Patel Mitesh S. 
Published: November 2022

ImportanceStatins reduce the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events, but less than one-half of individuals in America who meet guideline criteria for a statin are actively prescribed this medication.ObjectiveTo evaluate whether nudges to clinicians, patients, or both increase initiation of statin prescribing during primary care visits.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cluster randomized clinical trial evaluated statin prescribing of 158 clinicians from 28 primary care practices including 4131 patients. The design included a 12-month preintervention period and a 6-month intervention period between October 19, 2019, and April 18, 2021.InterventionsThe usual care group received no interventions. The clinician nudge combined an active choice prompt in the electronic health record during the patient visit and monthly feedback on prescribing patterns compared with peers. The patient nudge was an interactive text message delivered 4 days before the visit. The combined nudge included the clinician and patient nudges.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was initiation of a statin prescription during the visit.ResultsThe sample comprised 4131 patients with a mean (SD) age of 65.5 (10.5) years; 2120 (51.3%) were male; 1210 (29.3%) were Black, 106 (2.6%) were Hispanic, 2732 (66.1%) were White, and 83 (2.0%) were of other race or ethnicity, and 933 (22.6%) had atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. In unadjusted analyses during the preintervention period, statins were prescribed to 5.6% of patients (105 of 1876) in the usual care group, 4.8% (97 of 2022) in the patient nudge group, 6.0% (104 of 1723) in the clinician nudge group, and 4.7% (82 of 1752) in the combined group. During the intervention, statins were prescribed to 7.3% of patients (75 of 1032) in the usual care group, 8.5% (100 of 1181) in the patient nudge group, 13.0% (128 of 981) in the clinician nudge arm, and 15.5% (145 of 937) in the combined group. In the main adjusted analyses relative to usual care, the clinician nudge significantly increased statin prescribing alone (5.5 percentage points; 95% CI, 3.4 to 7.8 percentage points; P = .01) and when combined with the patient nudge (7.2 percentage points; 95% CI, 5.1 to 9.1 percentage points; P = .001). The patient nudge alone did not change statin prescribing relative to usual care (0.9 percentage points; 95% CI, −0.8 to 2.5 percentage points; P = .32).Conclusions and RelevanceNudges to clinicians with and without a patient nudge significantly increased initiation of a statin prescription during primary care visits. The patient nudge alone was not effective.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04307472
Association Between College Course Delivery Model and Rates of Psychological Distress During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: ElTohamy Abdelrahman , Wang Jessica J. , Chen Justin A. , Stevens Courtney , Liu Cindy H. 
Published: November 2022

ImportanceCollege students in the US have been heavily affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition to increased rates of depression and anxiety, college students have faced unprecedented stressors, such as geographic relocation and abrupt conversion from in-person classes to online classes.ObjectiveTo study the association between course delivery model and psychological distress among US college students.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional analysis used national data from the American College Health Association–National College Health Assessment III data set. Data were gathered from a web-based survey administered from January to early June 2021 to full-time US college students attending 4-year programs.ExposureCourse delivery model was self-reported.Main Outcomes and MeasuresPsychological distress was measured using the Kessler Screening Scale for Psychological Distress.ResultsThis study evaluated 59 250 full-time undergraduate students (68.1% women; 51.5% White students; mean [SD] age, 21.2 [4.3] years); 3.5% attended fully in-person classes, 61.2% attended fully online classes, and 35.3% attended a mixed format of in-person and online classes. Students who attended classes fully online reported higher levels of psychological distress than those who attended a mix of online and in-person classes (b = 0.76 [99% CI, 0.64-0.88]; P &amp;lt; .001). This association remained significant after controlling for geographic region, year in school, gender, race and ethnicity, food security, current anxiety and/or depressive disorders, COVID-19 concerns, and residence (living on campus, off campus with family, or other off-campus arrangements) (b = 0.18 [99% CI, 0.04-0.31]; P = .001), as well as time spent socializing with friends (b = 0.13 [99% CI, 0.002-0.26]; P = .009).Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this study suggest that mental health professionals may wish to consider the association of course delivery models with mental health outcomes when working with college students. Colleges should be aware of the mental health burden associated with attending fully online classes and consider possible in-person components and supports for students.
Association of Electronic Health Record Inbasket Message Characteristics With Physician Burnout
Authors: Baxter Sally L. , Saseendrakumar Bharanidharan Radha , Cheung Michael , Savides Thomas J. , Longhurst Christopher A. , Sinsky Christine A. , Millen Marlene , Tai-Seale Ming 
Published: November 2022

ImportancePhysician burnout is an ongoing epidemic; electronic health record (EHR) use has been associated with burnout, and the burden of EHR inbasket messages has grown in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Understanding how EHR inbasket messages are associated with physician burnout may uncover new insights for intervention strategies.ObjectiveTo evaluate associations between EHR inbasket message characteristics and physician burnout.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsCross-sectional study in a single academic medical center involving physicians from multiple specialties. Data collection took place April to September 2020, and data were analyzed September to December 2020.ExposuresPhysicians responded to a survey including the validated Mini-Z 5-point burnout scale.Main Outcomes and MeasuresPhysician burnout according to the self-reported burnout scale. A sentiment analysis model was used to calculate sentiment scores for EHR inbasket messages extracted for participating physicians. Multivariable modeling was used to model risk of physician burnout using factors such as message characteristics, physician demographics, and clinical practice characteristics.ResultsOf 609 physicians who responded to the survey, 297 (48.8%) were women, 343 (56.3%) were White, 391 (64.2%) practiced in outpatient settings, and 428 (70.28%) had been in medical practice for 15 years or less. Half (307 [50.4%]) reported burnout (score of 3 or higher). A total of 1 453 245 inbasket messages were extracted, of which 630 828 (43.4%) were patient messages. Among negative messages, common words included medical conditions, expletives and/or profanity, and words related to violence. There were no significant associations between message characteristics (including sentiment scores) and burnout. Odds of burnout were significantly higher among Hispanic/Latino physicians (odds ratio [OR], 3.44; 95% CI, 1.18-10.61;P = .03) and women (OR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.13-2.27;P = .01), and significantly lower among physicians in clinical practice for more than 15 years (OR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.30-0.68;P &amp;lt; .001).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study, message characteristics were not associated with physician burnout, but the presence of expletives and violent words represents an opportunity for improving patient engagement, EHR portal design, or filters. Natural language processing represents a novel approach to understanding potential associations between EHR inbasket messages and physician burnout and may also help inform quality improvement initiatives aimed at improving patient experience.
Well‐being on supportive techniques in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: from neurologists' perspective
Authors: Barć Krzysztof , Lulé Dorothée , Finsel Julia , Helczyk Olga , Baader Susanne , Aho‐Özhan Helena , Ludolph Albert C. , Kuźma‐Kozakiewicz Magdalena 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate intercultural neurologists' perception of well‐being in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) using gastrostomy (PEG), non‐invasive, and/or invasive ventilation (NIV/IV) and to analyse the determinants and impact on the management of the above medical interventions (MIs).MethodsThe study was based on anonymous questionnaires addressing the clinical approach and personal attitude towards the use of PEG, NIV and IV in ALS patients completed by 465 neurologists: 228 from Germany and 237 from Poland.ResultsThe German and Polish neurologists estimated the quality of life in ALS patients using PEG and NIV as neutral, whilst low in individuals using IV. A regression model revealed an independent influence of palliative care training (PCT) and age on that attitude in the German group. Higher values of estimated patients' depressiveness on PEG, NIV and IV were found amongst the Polish neurologists. Marital status, experience in ALS and being a parent independently influenced the perception of patients' depressiveness in the German, whilst marital status, age and PCT were factors in the Polish group. Amongst German neurologists, a higher perception of patients' depressiveness in individuals using PEG, NIV and IV was linked to the later timing of the MIs discussion. In the Polish group, it was a lower estimation of QoL in patients using PEG.ConclusionNeurologists' perception of ALS patients' well‐being on MIs reflects their demographic status, professional experience and potentially their cultural background. This perception plays an important role in the timing of MIs discussion, possibly influencing the decision‐making process.
Changes of Mutations and Copy‐Number and Enhanced Cell Migration during Breast Tumorigenesis
Authors: Lee Seung Hyuk T. , Kim Joon Yup , Kim Peter , Dong Zhipeng , Su Chia‐Yi , Ahn Eun Hyun 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAlthough cancer stem cells (CSCs) play a major role in tumorigenesis and metastasis, the role of genetic alterations in invasiveness of CSCs is still unclear. Tumor microenvironment signals, such as extracellular matrix (ECM) composition, significantly influence cell behaviors. Unfortunately, these signals are often lost in in vitro cell culture. This study determines putative CSC populations, examines genetic changes during tumorigenesis of human breast epithelial stem cells, and investigates single‐cell migration properties on ECM‐mimetic platforms. Whole exome sequencing data indicate that tumorigenic cells have a higher somatic mutation burden than non‐tumorigenic cells, and that mutations exclusive to tumorigenic cells exhibit higher predictive deleterious scores. Tumorigenic cells exhibit distinct somatic copy number variations (CNVs) including gain of duplications in chromosomes 5 and 8. ECM‐mimetic topography selectively enhances migration speed of tumorigenic cells, but not of non‐tumorigenic cells, and results in a wide distribution of tumorigenic single‐cell migration speeds, suggesting heterogeneity in cellular sensing of contact guidance cues. This study identifies mutations and CNVs acquired during breast tumorigenesis, which can be associated with enhanced migration of breast tumorigenic cells, and demonstrates that a nanotopographically‐defined platform can be applied to recapitulate an ECM structure for investigating cellular migration in the simulated tumor microenvironment.
Wood Robot with Magnetic Anisotropy for Programmable Locomotion
Authors: Li Lianzhen , Shang Ziqiang , Tang Jianfu , Li Jiameng , Xiao Zefang , Xie Yanjun , Liu Jiuqing , Li Zhenjie , Yang Shilong , Liu Yiqi , Gan Wentao 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe development of environmentally‐friendly stimuli‐responsive materials is vital to green electronics, sensors, and biomedicine. However, fast responsiveness and precise locomotion control of biomass materials have not been accomplished. Herein, a magnetically responsive wood is reported that can achieve programmable locomotion in the rotating magnetic field. The magnetized wood is fabricated by removing lignin from the cell walls, which produces a porous microstructure, enabling facile and stable combination between NdFeB and wood. With the directional arrangement of magnetic moments after magnetization, the magnetized wood with obviously positive and negative magnetic poles is magnetic stability, and can complete various movements including spatial flipping, bypass obstacles, climb up, and down under the driven by magnetic torques. Meanwhile, the magnetized wood is lightweight (0.26 g cm−3), showing a fast walking speed of up to 11.3 mm s−1 under magnetic actuation (10 mT and 0.6 Hz), which is greater than those of petroleum‐based polymeric materials. Benefitting from the unique porous structure, the magnetized wood can be used as the drug‐carrier to deliver and release nano‐cargoes effectively. This approach expands the range of stimuli‐responsive materials beyond hydrogel, elastomers, and synthetic polymer, inspiring the creation of next‐generation intelligent robots based on biocompatible and sustainable biomass materials.
Tunable Morphosynthesis of Calcium Carbonate in Aqueous Solution Enabled by Janus Membrane
Authors: Wu Mengyuan , Li Zhengtao , Yuan Zhijie , Jiang Helong , Niu Yuchao , Ruan Xuehua , Yan Xiaoming , Li Xiangcun , Wu Xumemei , He Gaohong , Jiang Xiaobin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTargeted and high throughput manufacture of crystalline biominerals with diverse morphologies is of importance, due to the significant impact of shape and texture on the material properties, while tunable morphosynthesis of crystalline is restrained by the proper ion transfer process during the reactive crystallization, and is commonly regulated using organic soluble additives. Herein, Janus membranes (JMs) are facilely produced for the continuous confined reactive crystallization of calcium carbonate. Fabricated JM simultaneously achieves rapid and uniform directional CO32− ions transfer in the aqueous solution through the straight, uniform nanoscale hydrophilic channels, and the interfacial reactive crystallization is generated with confined ion adsorption and gating effect at the hydrophobic side. Hollow CaCO3 microcomposites via JM system are continuously and directly synthesized in the aqueous system without any assisted organic solvent or polymer additive, which is green and highly efficient. In addition, the reversed ion transfer direction in JM can be ideally managed resulting in highly selective manufacturing of cube or sphere‐type microcomposites. This study provides a feasible route for the rapid production of advanced particle materials with tunable morphology, displaying great potential applications of JM in material engineering.
Tailoring Luminescent Solar Concentrators for High‐Performance Flexible Double‐Junction III‐V Photovoltaics
Authors: Lee Shin Hyung , Baek Dongjae , Cho Whibeom , Lee Nohyun , Kim Kwangjin , Kim Jae‐Hun , Kim Han‐Jun , Kim Hyeon Ho , Kim Hyo Jin , Lee Seungwoo , Lee Sung‐Min 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDespite the remarkable advantages of luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs), their application has not been of interest in ultrahigh efficient photovoltaic modules such as multi‐junctions and related two‐terminal tandems due to challenging issues limiting the cell capability and impeding the output current. Here type of multi‐junction LSC photovoltaics is presented that consists of transfer‐printed arrays of InGaP/GaAs solar cells and strategically tailored luminescent waveguides. A coplanar waveguide with the non‐self‐aligned quantum dot luminophores enables simultaneous absorptions of the directly illuminated solar flux and the indirectly waveguided LSC flux, where cell deployment and luminophore spectrum are systematically tuned for balanced enhancement of the subcell photocurrents. Through systematic comparisons across various LSC configurations supported by both experimental and theoretical quantifications, the power conversion efficiency of flexible modules with InGaP/GaAs cell arrays is improved from 1.67% to 2.22% by the optimal LSC, where the module area is 14.4 times larger than the total cell area. The details of optical and mechanical studies provide a further comprehensive understanding of the suggested approach toward multi‐junction LSC photovoltaics.
Metal Ions Confined in Periodic Pores of MOFs to Embed Single‐Metal Atoms within Hierarchically Porous Carbon Nanoflowers for High‐Performance Electromagnetic Wave Absorption
Authors: Zhang Xinci , Li Bei , Xu Jia , Zhang Xiao , Shi Yanan , Zhu Chunling , Zhang Xitian , Chen Yujin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNanocarbons with single‐metal atoms (M‐SAs) have displayed considerable potential in various fields of application due to high free energy of M‐SAs and strong metal‐support interaction. However, the uniform dispersion of M‐SAs within the whole carbon matrix still remains a great challenge. Herein, Ni‐SAs are uniformly dispersed within hierarchically porous carbon nanoflowers (Ni‐SA/HPCF) via a spatial confinement of Ni ions within the periodic pores in metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) with a subsequent carbonization process. The Ni‐SA/HPCF with abundant mesopores and an ultrahigh surface area (1137.2 m2 g−1) exhibits unexpected electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption property with a minimal reflection loss of –53.2 dB and an effective absorption bandwidth of 5.0 GHz, while the filler ratio in the matrix is merely 10 wt.%. Density functional theory calculations and experimental results reveal that the uniformly dispersed Ni‐SAs break local symmetry of the electronic structure and increase electrical conductivity of host carbon matrix, thereby enhancing the EMW absorption properties. In addition, the unique 3D hierarchical porous morphology boosts the impedance matching property, which synergistically improves the EMW absorption performance of the Ni‐SA/HPCF. This study provides an efficient approach to uniformly disperse M‐SAs within hierarchically porous nanocarbons for EMW absorption and other potential applications.