bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fluctuating fine‐scale spatial genetic structure in the common shrews (Eulipotyphla, Mammalia)
Authors: SHCHIPANOV Nikolay A. , ARTAMONOV Artem V. , TITOV Sergey V. , PAVLOVA Svetlana V. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe spatial genetic structure is a topical issue in the studies of various aspects of ecology and evolution. Using the multilocus autocorrelation method with hypervariable microsatellite genetic markers, we investigated a fine‐scale pattern of genetic structure in 5 local populations of the common shrewSorex araneusseparated by distances of 300–1000 m (the Moscow chromosomal race). Spatial genetic autocorrelation analysis based on 5 microsatellite loci (expected heterozygosity >0.79) with 90 alleles revealed a consistent pattern of significant positive genetic structure. By testing the autocorrelation at multiple scales from 25 to 500 m, we found that positive spatial genetic structure is detectable in distance classes of <500 m. The weaker spatial genetic structure positively correlated with a higher ratio of nonresident individuals to residents’ activity (number of captures). In contrast to nonresident animals, the residents demonstrated prominent genetic structure. Genetic difference (FST) between the populations was significant (0.016–0.051) and comparable with that between populations of different races analyzed previously (0.016–0.038).FSTwas not associated with geographic distance. These demographic patterns allowed us to propose a scheme of genetic‐structure dynamics involving periodic appearance of more related local groups and renewal of allelic profiles from а common pool where the alleles are mixed. The scheme predicts fluctuating genetic structure and random similar differences among local populations.
Safety is increasingly important in cobweb spiders based on life history
Authors: ZHANG Haixin , ZHONG Rui , YU Long , CHEN Jian , AGNARSSON Ingi , LIU Jie 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDetritus‐based, bell‐shaped cobwebs are an ideal model to research the plasticity of web architecture due to clearly separate defense and foraging components. We performed a thorough field investigation on the web architectures of Campanicola campanulata to research its cobweb architecture variation during the growth process and analyzed the energy trade‐offs between foraging and defense at different developmental stages. The results indicated that as female C. campanulata grew, they dedicated more energy to defense and less energy to foraging, while males dedicated less energy to both defense and foraging through the growth period. We hypothesize that cobweb spiders dedicate an increasing amount of energy to safety based on evidence obtained from their life‐history. Meanwhile, we present a new model to investigate web architecture variation and provide a new framework to quantify the energy allocation between foraging and predator defense for web‐building spiders.
Optimal sequence similarity thresholds for clustering of molecular operational taxonomic units inDNAmetabarcoding studies
Authors: Bonin Aurélie , Guerrieri Alessia , Ficetola Gentile Francesco 
Published: September 2022

AbstractClustering approaches are pivotal to handle the many sequence variants obtained in DNA metabarcoding data sets, and therefore they have become a key step of metabarcoding analysis pipelines. Clustering often relies on a sequence similarity threshold to gather sequences into molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs), each of which ideally represents a homogeneous taxonomic entity (e.g., a species or a genus). However, the choice of the clustering threshold is rarely justified, and its impact on MOTU over‐splitting or over‐merging even less tested. Here, we evaluated clustering threshold values for several metabarcoding markers under different criteria: limitation of MOTU over‐merging, limitation of MOTU over‐splitting, and trade‐off between over‐merging and over‐splitting. We extracted sequences from a public database for nine markers, ranging from generalist markers targeting Bacteria or Eukaryota, to more specific markers targeting a class or a subclass (e.g., Insecta, Oligochaeta). Based on the distributions of pairwise sequence similarities within species and within genera, and on the rates of over‐splitting and over‐merging across different clustering thresholds, we were able to propose threshold values minimizing the risk of over‐splitting, that of over‐merging, or offering a trade‐off between the two risks. For generalist markers, high similarity thresholds (0.96–0.99) are generally appropriate, while more specific markers require lower values (0.85–0.96). These results do not support the use of a fixed clustering threshold. Instead, we advocate careful examination of the most appropriate threshold based on the research objectives, the potential costs of over‐splitting and over‐merging, and the features of the studied markers.
Where wolves were: setting historical baselines for wolf recovery in Spain
Authors: Clavero M. , García‐Reyes A. , Fernández‐Gil A. , Revilla E. , Fernández N. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractReference conditions are necessary to assess the conservation status of species, understand their declines, and manage their recovery. Historical documents offer large amounts of records of a wide variety of species, which may be used to generate reference baselines on the historical distribution range of species. We collected information on the Iberian wolf Canis lupus signatus presence or assumed absence for 6734 localities in Spain from the geographical dictionary edited by Pascual Madoz in the mid‐19th century. We used probabilistic distribution models to estimate the wolf historical range with unprecedented detail, allowing the quantification of the historical reduction in occupancy area. Wolf records were widely distributed in mid‐19th century Spain, being present in all its mainland provinces. The probability of occurrence was positively associated with landscape roughness and negatively with human population density and the landscape suitability for agriculture. The area estimated to be occupied by wolves ranged between 212 200 and 317 600 km2, depending on the approach used to set cut‐off values from the predictions. Our estimations represented an average range reduction of 68% between the mid‐19th century and present time, resulting in the current restriction of the species to the country's north‐western quadrant. The putative recent recovery of the wolf in Spain consists mainly of the accumulation of wolf records in areas where the species had persisted and the recolonization of some peripheral areas, but there is no indication of widespread recovery of the historical distribution range. We show that the compilation of historical species records allows producing baseline range scenarios with much higher resolution than usually available to inform species status and set recovery targets, an approach that can be implemented in other areas and taxa.
An evaluation of cardiopulmonary endurance and muscular strength in adults living with sickle cell disease
Authors: Ogunsile Foluso J. , Stewart Kerry J. , Kanter Julie , Lanzkron Sophie M. 
Published: September 2022

SummaryThere have been limited investigations into exercise in sickle cell disease (SCD). In the general population, health is reflected in general physical fitness. It is unclear if the same associations are seen in people with SCD. Here, we report a cross‐sectional assessment of two important measures of physical fitness, muscle strength and cardiorespiratory endurance, in adults with SCD. A total of 29 adults with SCD (aged 24–62 years; 72% female) completed cardiopulmonary and muscular strength testing using a cycle ergometer and an isokinetic dynamometer. Adults with SCD had lower median values for cardiorespiratory endurance (the median [interquartile range, IQR] peak oxygen uptake [VO2] 16.1 [6.3] vs. 42.65 [11.3] ml/kg/min, p < 0.001) and knee strength (median [IQR] flexor torque 26.91[22.5] vs. 55.6 [22.7] Nm, p < 0.001) compared to controls and predicted values. Interestingly, there was a very positive association between muscular strength and peak VO2 values for adults with SCD (r = 0.53, p = 0.003) suggesting these values may be useful in determining cardiopulmonary health.
Ciltacabtagene autoleucel in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma: CARTITUDE‐1 (phase 2) Japanese cohort
Authors: Ri Masaki , Suzuki Kenshi , Ishida Tadao , Kuroda Junya , Tsukamoto Taku , Teshima Takanori , Goto Hideki , Jackson Carolyn C. , Sun Huabin , Pacaud Lida , Fujikawa Ei , Yeh Tzu‐Min , Hatayama Tomoyoshi , Aida Kensuke , Sunagawa Yoshihiro , Iida Shinsuke 
Published: September 2022

AbstractChimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells targeting B‐cell maturation antigen have shown positive responses in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). The phase 2 portion of the CARTITUDE‐1 study of ciltacabtagene autoleucel (cilta‐cel) included a cohort of Japanese patients with relapsed/refractory MM. Following a conditioning regimen of cyclophosphamide (300 mg/m2) and fludarabine (30 mg/m2), patients received a single cilta‐cel infusion at a target dose of 0.75 × 106 (range, 0.5–1.0 × 106CAR‐positive viable T cells/kg). The primary endpoint was overall response rate (ORR; defined as partial response or better) by International Myeloma Working Group criteria. A key secondary endpoint was the rate of very good partial response (VGPR) or better (defined as VGPR, complete response, stringent complete response). This first analysis was performed at 6 months after the last patient received cilta‐cel. Thirteen patients underwent apheresis, nine of whom received cilta‐cel infusion. Eight patients who received cilta‐cel at the target dose responded, yielding an ORR of 100%. Seven of eight (87.5%) patients achieved a VGPR or better. One additional patient who received a below‐target dose of cilta‐cel also achieved a best response of VGPR. MRD negativity (10−5 threshold) was achieved in all six evaluable patients. Eight of nine (88.9%) patients who received cilta‐cel infusion experienced a grade 3 or 4 adverse event, and eight (88.9%) patients experienced cytokine release syndrome (all grade 1 or 2). No CAR‐T cell neurotoxicity was reported. A positive benefit/risk profile for cilta‐cel was established for heavily pretreated Japanese patients with relapsed or refractory MM.
Inhibition of insulin‐like growth factor‐1 receptor enhances eribulin‐induced DNA damage in colorectal cancer
Authors: Yoshihiro Tomoyasu , Ariyama Hiroshi , Yamaguchi Kyoko , Imajima Takashi , Yamaga Satoru , Tsuchihashi Kenji , Isobe Taichi , Kusaba Hitoshi , Akashi Koichi , Baba Eishi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMicrotubule targeting agents (MTAs) such as taxanes are broadly used for the treatment of patients with cancer. Although MTAs are not effective for treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC), preclinical studies suggest that a subset of patients with CRC, especially those with cancers harboring the BRAF mutation, could benefit from such agents. However, two MTAs, eribulin (Eri) and vinorelbine, have shown limited clinical efficacy. Here, we report that insulin‐like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF‐1R) signaling is involved in Eri resistance. Using CRC cell lines, we showed that Eri induces activation and subsequent translocation of IGF‐1R to the nucleus. When the activation and/or nuclear translocation of IGF‐1R was inhibited, Eri induced DNA damage and enhanced G2/M arrest. In a xenograft model using the Eri‐resistant SW480 cell line, the combination of Eri and the IGF‐1R inhibitor linsitinib suppressed tumor growth more efficiently than either single agent. Thus, our results indicated that combination dosing with Eri and an IGF‐1R inhibitor could overcome Eri resistance and offer a therapeutic opportunity in CRC.
Evaluation of the histamine H3 receptor antagonists from LINS01 series as cholinesterases inhibitors: Enzymatic and modeling studies
Authors: Lopes Flávia B. , Aranha Cecília M. S. Q. , Corrêa Michelle F. , Fernandes Gustavo A. B. , Okamoto Debora N. , Simões Leonardo P. M. , Junior Nailton M. N. , Fernandes João Paulo S. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHistamine is involved in several central nervous system processes including cognition. In the last years, H3 receptor (H3R) antagonists have been widely explored for their potential on dementias and other cognitive dysfunctions, and the cooperative role between histamine and acetylcholine neurotransmissions on cognitive processes is widely known in literature. This motivated us to assess the potential of 1‐[(2,3‐dihydrobenzofuran‐1‐yl)methyl]piperazines (LINS01 compounds) as inhibitors of cholinesterases, and thus this work presents the inhibitory effect of such compounds against acetyl (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase. A set of 16 selected compounds were evaluated, being compounds 2d and 2e the most potent inhibitors of both cholinesterases (IC50 13.2–33.9 μM) by competitive mechanism, as indicated by the kinetic assays. Molecular docking simulations suggested that the allylpiperazine and dihydrobenzofuran motifs present in these compounds are important to perform π‐interactions with key tryptophan residues from the enzymes, increasing their affinity for both H3R and cholinesterases. Metric analysis support that compound 2d (LINS01022) should be highlighted due to its balanced lipophilicity (ClogP 2.35) and efficiency (LE 0.32) as AChE inhibitor. The results add important information to future design of dual H3R‐cholinesterases ligands.
Lomitapide ameliorates middle cerebral artery occlusion‐induced cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by promoting neuronal autophagy and inhibiting microglial migration
Authors: Zheng Yangmin , Hu Yue , Han Ziping , Yan Feng , Zhang Sijia , Yang Zhenhong , Zhao Fangfang , Li Lingzhi , Fan Junfen , Wang Rongliang , Luo Yumin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimsStroke has a high incidence and is a disabling condition that can lead to severe cognitive, motor, and sensory dysfunction. In this study, we employed a drug repurposing strategy to investigate the neuroprotective effect of lomitapide on focal ischemic brain injury and explore its potential mechanism of action.MethodsExperimental cerebral ischemia was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in adult male C57BL/6 mice and simulated by oxygen–glucose deprivation in N2a‐BV2 cells in co‐cultivation.ResultsLomitapide significantly increased the survival rate, reduced the neuronal tissue loss, and improved the neurological function after MCAO. Furthermore, lomitapide could increase the expression of LC3‐II, reduce the expression of P62 and LAMP2, promote autophagic flux, and inhibit apoptosis by increasing and inhibiting the expression of the apoptosis‐associated proteins Bcl‐2 and Bax, respectively. In addition, lomitapide inhibited the migration of pro‐inflammatory microglia.ConclusionLomitapide is a lipid‐lowering drug, and this is the first study to explore its protective effect on ischemic nerve injury in vitro and in vivo. Our results suggest that lomitapide can be repositioned as a potential therapeutic drug for the treatment of stroke.
Detecting preservation and reintroduction sites for endangered plant species using a two‐step modeling and field approach
Authors: Rusconi Olivia , Broennimann Olivier , Storrer Yannick , Le Bayon Renée‐Claire , Guisan Antoine , Rasmann Sergio 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTo withstand the surge of species loss worldwide, (re)introduction of endangered plant species has become an increasingly common technique in conservation biology. Successful (re)introduction plans, however, require identifying sites that provide the optimal ecological conditions for the target species to thrive. In this study, we propose a two‐step approach to identify appropriate (re)introduction sites. The first step involves modeling the niche and distribution of the species with bioclimatic and topographical predictors, both at continental and at national scales. The second step consists of refining these bioclimatic predictions by analyzing stationary ecological parameters, such as soil conditions, and relating them to population‐level fitness values. We demonstrate this methodology using Swiss populations of the lady's slipper orchid (Cypripedium calceolus L., Orchidaceae), for which conservation plans have existed for years but have generally been unfruitful. Our workflow identified sites for future (re)introductions based on the species requirements for mid‐to‐sunny light conditions and specific soil physico‐chemical properties, such as basic to neutral pH and low soil organic matter content. Our findings show that by combining wide‐scale bioclimatic modeling with fine scale field measurements it is possible to carefully identify the ecological requirements of a target species for successful (re)introductions.
RETRACTED: Challenges and vulnerability evaluation of smart cities in IoT device based on cybersecurity mechanism
Authors: Almagrabi Alaa Omran 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn recent times, Cyber thieves discover new software vulnerabilities and attack vectors to take advantage of them. Cyber Security (CS) specialists are having a constant battle to stay on top of the latest threats. Knowledge sharing, sometimes called intelligence sharing, can enhance collective resilience and responsiveness in the face of dangers if peers are willing to share information proactively. Internet of Things (IoT) is the buzz word which integrates almost all the technology concerning computation and communication. Before the IoT goal can be fully realized, some barriers must be addressed, with security and privacy being two of the most essential. When IoT devices connect to an IoT gateway or other edge device, the sensor data they gather is either transmitted to the cloud for analysis or processed locally. Based on the received information, they act and it can expose a device as well as its data. Insufficient or no device authentication and authorization are common problems, as is poor or no encryption. Due to restricted energy supplies and low processing power, IoT security and privacy are complex, especially for resource‐constrained devices. In this article, IoT‐CS security problems and associated threats are discussed. The overarching goals were identifying assets and exploring possible threats, assaults, and vulnerabilities encountered by the IoT in the sectors like healthcare, transportation, utilities, safety, and environmental health that might be significantly improved with IoT‐CS deployment in smart cities. The predominant challenges in the deployment of the IoT related technologies had been studied in the aspects of cyber security and mitigation strategies had been discussed.
Distribution and predicted climatic refugia for a reef‐building cold‐water coral on the southeast US margin
Authors: Gasbarro Ryan , Sowers Derek , Margolin Alex , Cordes Erik E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractClimate change is reorganizing the planet's biodiversity, necessitating proactive management of species and habitats based on spatiotemporal predictions of distributions across climate scenarios. In marine settings, climatic changes will predominantly manifest via warming, ocean acidification, deoxygenation, and changes in hydrodynamics. Lophelia pertusa, the main reef‐forming coral present throughout the deep Atlantic Ocean (>200 m), is particularly sensitive to such stressors with stark reductions in suitable habitat predicted to accrue by 2100 in a business‐as‐usual scenario. However, with new occurrence data for this species along with higher‐resolution bathymetry and climate data, it may be possible to locate further climatic refugia. Here, we synthesize new and published biogeographic, geomorphological, and climatic data to build ensemble, multi‐scale habitat suitability models for L. pertusa on the continental margin of the southeast United States (SEUS). We then project these models in two timepoints (2050, 2100) and four climate change scenarios to characterize the occurrence probability of this critical cold‐water coral (CWC) habitat now and in the future. Our models reveal the extent of reef habitat in the SEUS and corroborate it as the largest currently known essentially continuous CWC reef province on earth, and also predict abundance of L. pertusa to identify key areas, including those outside areas currently protected from bottom‐contact fishing. Drastic reductions in L. pertusa climatic suitability index emerged primarily after 2050 and were concentrated at the shallower end (<~550 m) of the regional distribution under the Gulf Stream main axis. Our results thus suggest a depth‐driven climate refuge effect where deeper, cooler reef sites experience lesser declines. The strength of this effect increases with climate scenario severity. Taken together, our study has implications for the regional and global management of this species, portending changes in the biodiversity reliant on CWC habitats and the critical ecosystem services they provide.
Expanding the Miscanthus market in the UK: Growers in profile and experience, benefits and drawbacks of the bioenergy crop
Authors: von Hellfeld Rebecca , Hastings Astley , Kam Jason , Rowe Rebecca , Clifton‐Brown John , Donnison Iain , Shepherd Anita 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTo achieve net zero greenhouse gas emission by 2050 as set out by the 2019 amendment to the 2008 UK Climate Change Act, a major shift towards renewable energy is needed. This includes the development of new methods along with improving and upscaling existing technologies. One example of new methods in bioenergy is developing new Miscanthus cultivars for electricity generation via thermal power station furnaces. Miscanthus is still relatively new compared with other agriculture practices, so market assessments and improvements are needed to reduce the barriers to entry for prospective growers. This publication provides a profile of UK Miscanthus growers and their businesses, their experiences of benefits and drawbacks of the crop, and what they see as potential barriers to entry for prospective farmers. A survey of current Miscanthus growers in England and Wales was conducted and indicated that most farmers were content with the crop and that its environmental and economic benefits were noted. However, it was evident that with a geographically limited UK market, growers wanted to see a better distribution of biomass processing stations to reduce the ongoing costs of transport. With growing demand for renewables, including bio‐energy sources, it was determined important to provide information and support for stable farming operations and to incentivise the adoption of Miscanthus. Such incentives include ongoing development of new cultivars, focussing on traits such as production potential and stressor resilience, and growers indicated preference for an annual planting grant. These developments are predicted to further improve the crop's profit margin, making it a more cost‐effective crop for farmers. Sensitively managed Miscanthus also has the potential to contribute to carbon sequestration, soil health, and aspects of farmland biodiversity. Incentivising such management in government land–based environmental schemes would offer additional income streams and help to promote environmental positive crop planting.