bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementation of a Virtual Asynchronous Scribe Program to Reduce Physician Burnout
Authors: Stephens Jennifer , Kieber-Emmons Autumn M. , Johnson Melanie , Greenberg Grant M. 
Published: November 2022

Goal:
Administrative burden is one of many potential root causes of physician burnout. Scribe documentation assistance can reduce this burden. However, traditional in-person scribe services are challenged by consistent staffing because the model requires the physical presence of a scribe and limits the team to a single individual. In addition, in-person scribes cannot provide the flexible support required for virtual care encounters, which can now pivot geographically and temporally. To respond to these challenges, our health network implemented an asynchronous virtual scribe model and evaluated the program's impact on clinician perceptions of burnout across multiple outpatient specialties.

Methods:
Using a mixed-methods, pre-/postdesign, this evaluation measured the impact of an asynchronous virtual scribe program on physician burnout. Physicians were given the Professional Fulfillment Index tool (to self-assess their mental state) and free-text comment surveys before virtual scribe initiation and again at 3-, 6-, and 12-month intervals after program implementation. Descriptive statistics of survey results and qualitative review of free-text entries were analyzed for themes of facilitation and barriers to virtual scribe use.

Principal Findings:
Of 50 physician participants in this study, 42 (84%) completed the preintervention survey and 15 (36%) completed all 4 surveys; 25 participants (50%) discontinued scribe use after 12 months. Burnout levels—as defined by dread, exhaustion, lack of enthusiasm, decrease in empathy, and decrease in colleague connection—all trended toward improvement during this study. Importantly, quality, time savings, burnout, and productivity moved in positive directions as well.

Practical Application:
The cost burden to physicians and the COVID-19 pandemic inhibited the continued use of asynchronous virtual medical scribes. Nevertheless, those who continued in the program have reported positive outcomes, which indicates that the service can be a viable and effective tool to reduce physician burnout.
Pediatric Penetrating Neck Trauma Resulting From a Metal Boat Cleat: A Case Report
Authors: How Stephanie , Swain Shakeva , Lau Patricio E. 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Clinical decision making for pediatric neck trauma is challenging because data and reports are sparse. We present a case report showing current recommendations for managing pediatric neck injuries.

Case Presentation:
This is the case of an 11-year-old boy who presented to our Level I trauma center after a slip and fall on a metal boat cleat (metal fixture used to secure rope). He suffered a penetrating injury to his neck, requiring operative exploration. This case report provides an overview on the rare incidence of pediatric penetrating neck trauma and treatment options.

Conclusion:
This case highlights penetrating neck injuries, which are uncommon in the pediatric population. This case report is unusual due to the method of injury and nature of the object. Neck trauma via a metal boat cleat is particularly rare. A comprehensive understanding of the anatomy of the neck, mechanism of injury, thorough clinical examination, and proper workup are essential to providing effective care.
Small-amplitude head oscillations result from a multimodal head stabilization reflex in hawkmoths
Authors: Chatterjee Payel , Mohan Umesh , Sane Sanjay P. 
Published: November 2022

In flying insects, head stabilization is an essential reflex that helps to reduce motion blur during fast aerial manoeuvres. This reflex is multimodal and requires the integration of visual and antennal mechanosensory feedback in hawkmoths, each operating as a negative-feedback-control loop. As in any negative-feedback system, the head stabilization system possesses inherent oscillatory dynamics that depend on the rate at which the sensorimotor components of the reflex operate. Consistent with this expectation, we observed small-amplitude oscillations in the head motion (or head wobble) of the oleander hawkmoth,
Daphnis nerii,
which are accentuated when sensory feedback is aberrant. Here, we show that these oscillations emerge from the inherent dynamics of the multimodal reflex underlying gaze stabilization, and that the amplitude of head wobble is a function of both the visual feedback and antennal mechanosensory feedback from the Johnston's organs. Our data support the hypothesis that head wobble results from a multimodal, dynamically stabilized reflex loop that mediates head positioning.
Multi-trait ensemble genomic prediction and simulations of recurrent selection highlight importance of complex trait genetic architecture in long-term genetic gains in wheat
Authors: Fradgley Nick , Gardner Keith A. , Bentley Alison R. , Howell Phil , Mackay Ian J. , Scott Michael F. , Mott Richard , Cockram James 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCereal crop breeders have achieved considerable genetic gain in genetically complex traits, such as grain yield, while maintaining genetic diversity. However, focus on selection for yield has negatively impacted other important traits. To better understand selection within a breeding context, and how it might be optimised, we analysed genotypic and phenotypic data from a diverse, 16-founder wheat multi-parent advanced generation inter-cross (MAGIC) population.Compared to single-trait models, multi-trait ensemble genomic prediction models increased prediction accuracy for almost 90% of traits, improving grain yield prediction accuracy by 3-52%. For complex traits, non-parametric models (Random Forest) also outperformed simplified, additive models (LASSO), increasing grain yield prediction accuracy by 10-36%. Simulations of recurrent genomic selection then showed that sustained greater forward prediction accuracy optimised long-term genetic gains.Simulations of selection on grain yield found indirect responses in related traits, which involved optimisation of antagonistic trait relationships. We found multi-trait selection indices could be used to optimise undesirable relationships, such as the trade-off between grain yield and protein content, or combine traits of interest, such as yield and weed competitive ability.Simulations of phenotypic selection found that including Random Forest rather than LASSO genetic models, and multi-trait rather than single-trait models as the true genetic model, accelerated and extended long-term genetic gain whilst maintaining genetic diversity. These results suggest important roles of pleiotropy and epistasis in the wider context of wheat breeding programmes and provide insights into mechanisms for continued genetic gain in a limited genepool and optimisation of multiple traits for crop improvement.
Investigation of the neural effects of memory training to reduce false memories in older adults: Univariate and multivariate analyses
Authors: Turney Indira C. , Chamberlain Jordan D. , Hakun Jonathan G. , Steinkrauss Ashley C. , Ross Lesley A. , Kirchhoff Brenda A. , Dennis Nancy A. 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTThe growing population of older adults emphasizes the need to develop interventions that prevent or delay some of the cognitive decline that accompanies aging. In particular, as memory impairment is the foremost cognitive deficit affecting older adults, it is vital to develop interventions that improve memory function. This study addressed the problem of false memories in aging by training older adults to use details of past events during memory retrieval to distinguish targets from related lures. We examined the neural basis of a retrieval-based monitoring strategy by assessing changes in univariate BOLD activity and discriminability of targets and lures pre and post training. Results showed training-related decreases in false memory rates with no alterations to hit rates. Training and practice were associated with altered recruitment of a frontoparietal monitoring network as well as benefits to neural discriminability within network regions. Participants with lower baseline neural discriminability between target and lure items exhibited the largest changes in neural discriminability. Collectively, our results highlight the benefits of training for reductions of false memories in aging. They also provide an understanding of the neural mechanisms that support these reductions.
Shifted PAMs generate DNA overhangs and enhance SpCas9 post-catalytic complex dissociation
Authors: Wang Jinglong , Gall Julien Le , Frock Richard L , Strick Terence R 
Published: November 2022

AbstractStreptococcus pyogenesCRISPR-Cas9 (SpCas9) stabilizes each strand of a DNA bubble via distinct interactions, forming a stable ~20 bp R-loop on the complementary strand but relying on narrower protein-DNA interactions to bind the non-complementary strand with 5’ NGG protospacer adjacent motif (PAM). The enzyme’s HNH endonuclease domain cleaves DNA within the R-loop, and its RuvC endonuclease cleaves 5’ to the NGG and opposite the HNH cleavage site to generate blunt DNA ends. We show that this nucleoprotein complex can be mechanically strained by shifting the RNA:DNA hybrid and that the HNH cleavage site tracks this shift but the RuvC cleavage site does not, resulting in overhanging DNA ends. This is observed using cleavage in living cells and sequencing assays to characterize overhangs generated by stressed complexes, as well as single-molecule cleavage assays to characterize differential cleavage kinetics of HNH and RuvC endonucleases in stressed complexes as well as complex disassembly.Using Sanger sequencing and high-throughput genome sequencing of DNA cleavage reactions, we find that the SpCas9 complex responds to internal mechanical strain by robustly generating overhanging, rather than blunt, DNA ends. Internal mechanical strain is generated by increasing or decreasing the spacing between the RNA:DNA hybrid and the downstream canonical PAM. Up to two-base 3’ overhangs can be robustly generated via a two-base increase in the distance between hybrid and PAM. We also use single-molecule experiments to reconstruct the full course of the CRISPR-SpCas9 reaction in real-time, monitoring and quantifying the R-loop formation, the first and second DNA incision events, and the post-catalytic complex dissociation. Complex dissociation and release of broken DNA ends appears to be a rate-limiting step of the reaction, and strained SpCas9 are sufficiently destabilized so as to rapidly dissociate after formation of broken DNA ends.
Genomics reveals introgression and purging of deleterious mutations in the Arabian leopard (Panthera pardus nimr)
Authors: Riaño Gabriel , Fontsere Claudia , de Manuel Marc , Talavera Adrián , Burriel-Carranza Bernat , Tejero-Cicuéndez Héctor , AlGethami Raed Hamoud M. , Shobrak Mohammed , Marques-Bonet Tomas , Carranza Salvador 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLow genetic variation and high levels of inbreeding are usually a consequence of recent population declines in endangered species. From a conservation point of view, it is essential to genetically screen endangered populations to help assess their vulnerability to extinction and to properly create informed management actions towards their conservation efforts. The leopard,Panthera pardus, is a highly generalist predator with currently eight different subspecies inhabiting a wide range of habitats. Yet, genomic data is still lacking for the Critically Endangered Arabian leopard (P. p. nimr). Here, we sequenced the whole genome of two specimens of Arabian leopard and assembled the most complete genomic dataset for leopards to date, including genomic data for all current subspecies. Our phylogenomic analyses show that leopards are divided into two deeply divergent clades, one including the only African subspecies and a second one including all seven subspecies of Asian leopards. Interestingly, the Arabian leopard represents a well-differentiated lineage sister to the rest of Asian subspecies. The demographic history, genomic diversity, Runs of Homozygosity (RoHs), and mutational load in the Arabian leopard indicate a prolonged population decline, which has led to an increase in inbreeding and RoHs, with consequent purging of deleterious mutations. Our study represents the first attempt to genetically inform captive breeding programs for this Critically Endangered subspecies. Still, more genomes, particularly from wild individuals, are needed to fully characterise the genetic makeup of this singular and iconic subspecies.
Ecological flexibility and selectivity in mixed-species flock participation in birds
Authors: Vander Meiden Laura , Hoppe Ian R. , Shizuka Daizaburo , Johnson Allison E. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMixed-species groups are hypothesized to allow animals to minimize competitive interactions and maximize facilitative interactions. Individuals’ participation in mixed-species groups may reduce rates of competition and increase the social information available about predators or food availability. Behavioral plasticity may further increase these benefits as plastic species alter their rates of niche overlap with group mates. We investigate two axes of behavioral plasticity that may modulate how species interact with group mates in mixed-species groups—flexibility and selectivity. Specifically, we assess avian species’ patterns of selective preferences for participation in flocks of certain strata and whether behavioral flexibility in foraging strata corresponds with the foraging strata of flock mates. All species in our study maintained or increased their foraging strata overlap with flock mates, supporting the hypothesis that facilitation plays an important role in flock formation. Notably, the methods that species used varied: some species moved closer to flock mates via flexibly matching their flock mates’ behavior, some showed selectivity for flocks of certain stratums, and others did both. Ultimately, we show that species balance facilitative and competitive interactions with flock mates via multiple methods and that consideration of behavioral plasticity is integral to understanding the nuances of mixed-species flock interactions.
Spindle assembly checkpoint-dependent mitotic delay is required for cell division in absence of centrosomes
Authors: Farrell KC , Wang Jennifer T. , Stearns Tim 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) temporally regulates mitosis by preventing progression from metaphase to anaphase until all chromosomes are correctly attached to the mitotic spindle. Centrosomes refine the spatial organization of the mitotic spindle at the spindle poles. However, centrosome loss leads to elongated mitosis, suggesting that centrosomes also inform the temporal organization of mitosis in mammalian cells. Here we find that the mitotic delay in acentrosomal cells is enforced by the SAC in a MPS1-dependent manner, and that a SAC-dependent mitotic delay is required for bipolar cell division to occur in acentrosomal cells. Although acentrosomal cells become polyploid, polyploidy is not sufficient to cause dependency on a SAC-mediated delay to complete cell division. Rather, the division failure in absence of MPS1 activity results from mitotic exit occurring before acentrosomal spindles can become bipolar. Furthermore, prevention of centrosome separation suffices to make cell division reliant on a SAC-dependent mitotic delay. Thus, centrosomes and their definition of two spindle poles early in mitosis provide a “timely two-ness” that allows cell division to occur in absence of a SAC-dependent mitotic delay.
Bacterial mobility and motility in porous media mimicked by microspheres
Authors: Shrestha Diksha , Ou Jun , Rogers Ariel , Jereb Amani , Wang Yong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBacterial motion in porous media are essential for their survival, proper functioning, and various applications. Here we investigated the motion ofEscherichia colibacteria in microsphere-mimicked porous media. We observed reduced bacterial velocity and enhanced directional changes of bacteria as the density of microspheres increased, while such changes happened mostly around the microspheres and due to the collisions with the microspheres. More importantly, we established and quantified the correlation between the bacterial trapping in porous media and the geometric confinement imposed by the microspheres. In addition, numerical simulations showed that the active Brownian motion model in the presence of microspheres resulted in bacterial motion that are consistent with the experimental observations. Our study suggested that it is important to distinguish the ability of bacteria to move easily – bacterial mobility – from the ability of bacteria to move independently – bacteria motility. Our results showed that bacterial motility remains similar in porous media, but bacterial mobility was significantly affected by the pore-scale confinement.
Environmental luminance impairs socio-sexual recognition memory through a succinct retina to supraoptic nucleus circuit
Authors: Huang Yu-Fan , Liao Po-Yu , Yu Jo-Hsien , Chen Shih-Kuo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSocial memory between the same gender or even different gender is a complex and heavily modulated process in the nervous system. It is important for an individual to form social memory between the opposite sex to either increase mating opportunities with multiple partners or form monogamous pair bonding. Therefore, a specific neuronal circuit to regulate social sexual memory may enhance the mating opportunity for an individual. It has been shown that both the auditory and somatosensory systems could increase the activity of oxytocin neurons in the paraventricular nucleus to regulate social behaviors. Although light exposure could influence various forms of memory, such as fear and object memory, how luminance signals modulate social recognition memory remains unclear. Here, we show that acute light exposure could impair the socio-sexual recognition memory (SSRM) in male mice. Contrary to sound and touch, light stimulation could inhibit oxytocin neurons in the SON (SONOT) through M1 SON-projecting ipRGCs and GABAergic neurons in the peri-SON (pSONGABA). Optogenetic activation of SONOTneurons with channelrhodopsin is sufficient to enhance the SSRM performance in male mice, even under light conditions. Our results show that the visual system could modulate SSRM through a succinct ipRGCs-pSONGABA-SONOT neuronal circuitry. Together, we demonstrate a dedicated neuronal circuit of how luminance affects memory formation for an individual toward different sex through the oxytocin system, a powerful modulatory neurohormone in the central nervous system.
Emergence of ion-channel mediated electrical oscillations inEscherichia colibiofilms
Authors: Akabuogu Emmanuel U. , Martorelli Victor , Krašovec Rok , Roberts Ian S. , Waigh Thomas A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBacterial biofilms are communities of bacteria usually attached to solid strata and often differentiated into complex structures. Communication across biofilms has been shown to involve chemical signaling and, more recently, electrical signaling in Gram positive biofilms. We report for the first time, community-level synchronized membrane potential dynamics in three-dimensionalE. colibiofilms. Two hyperpolarization events are observed in response to light stress. The first requires mechanically sensitive ion channels (MscK, MscL and MscS) and the second needs the Kch-potassium channel. The channels mediated both local spiking of singleE. colibiofilms and long-range coordinated electrical signaling inE. colibiofilms. The electrical phenomena are explained using Hodgkin-Huxley and 3D fire-diffuse-fire agent-based models. These data demonstrate that electrical wavefronts based on potassium ions are a mechanism by which signaling occurs in Gram negative biofilms and as such may represent a conserved mechanism for communication across biofilms.
Social network analysis reveals context‐dependent kin relationships in wild sulphur‐crested cockatoos Cacatua galerita
Authors: Penndorf Julia , Ewart Kyle M. , Klump Barbara Christina , Martin John M. , Aplin Lucy M. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

A preference to associate with kin facilitates inclusive fitness benefits, and increased tolerance or cooperation between kin may be an added benefit of group living. Many species exhibit preferred associations with kin; however, it is often hard to disentangle active preferences from passive overlap, for example caused by limited dispersal or inheritance of social position.

Many parrots exhibit social systems consisting of pair‐bonded individuals foraging in variably sized fission‐fusion flocks within larger communal roosts of hundreds of individuals. Previous work has shown that, despite these fission–fusion dynamics, individuals can exhibit long‐term preferred foraging associations outside their pair bonds. Yet the underlying drivers of these social preferences remain largely unknown.

In this study, we use a network approach to examine the influence of kinship on social associations and interactions in wild, communally roosting sulphur‐crested cockatoos, Cacatua galerita. We recorded roost co‐membership, social associations and interactions in 561 individually marked birds across three neighbouring roosts. We then collected genetic samples from 205 cockatoos, and conducted a relationship analysis to construct a kinship network. Finally, we tested correlations between kinship and four social networks: association, affiliative, low‐intensity aggression and high‐intensity aggression.

Our result showed that while roosting groups were clearly defined, they showed little genetic differentiation or kin structuring. Between roost movement was high, with juveniles, especially females, repeatedly moving between roosts. Both within roosting communities, and when visiting different roosts, individuals preferentially associated with kin. Supporting this, individuals were also more likely to allopreen kin. However, contrary to expectation, individuals preferred to direct aggression towards kin, with this effect only observed when individuals shared roost membership.

By measuring social networks within and between large roosting groups, we could remove potential effects of passive spatial overlap on kin structuring. Our study reveals that sulphur‐crested cockatoos actively prefer to associate with kin, both within and between roosting groups. By examining this across different interaction types, we further demonstrate that sulphur‐crested cockatoos exhibit behavioural and context‐dependent interaction rules towards kin. Our results help reveal the drivers of social association in this species, while adding to the evidence for social complexity in parrots.
Consumer perceptions on privacy and confidentiality in dermatology for 3D total‐body imaging
Authors: Horsham Caitlin , Janda Monika , Kerr Melissa , Soyer H. Peter , Caffery Liam J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAs 3D total‐body photography for the early detection of melanoma is not yet widely used in clinical practice, we do not have a full understanding of patient's concerns about use, privacy and confidentiality, and if their concerns differ depending on the use‐case. We conducted a virtual consumer forum to assess patients concerns about privacy and confidentiality in dermatology imaging for research, artificial intelligence development and for their own clinical care.