bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of intermittent parathyroid hormone on cementoblast‐mediated periodontal repair
Authors: Cheng Ye , Li Fan , Xiao Xiaoyue , Zou Shujuan , Chen Jianwei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the effects of intermittent parathyroid hormone on cementoblast‐mediated periodontal repair in the context of orthodontic‐induced root resorption.Materials and MethodsThe rat model of orthodontic‐induced root resorption was established. Sixty rats were randomly allocated into the experiment group (n = 30) and the control group (n = 30), either receiving a daily subcutaneous injection of recombinant human PTH or placebo vehicle. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, Micro‐computed tomography, hematoxylin and eosin staining, and immunohistochemistry staining were performed to detect the periodontal repair. In vitro, OCCM‐30 cells were exposed to intermittent PTH (incubated with PTH for the first 6 h in each 24‐h cycle). After three cycles, flow cytometry assay, alkaline phosphatase staining, and Alizarin red staining were performed. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were employed to further determine the effects of intermittent PTH.ResultsIntermittent PTH‐responsive repair enhancement was detected with the expression of bone sialoprotein, osteocalcin, collagen‐1, and alkaline phosphatase significantly upregulated. Increased expressions of cementoblastic proteins were positively correlated to cycles of PTH administration. The proportion of cementoblasts in S and G2/M phases was increased; namely, intermittent PTH promoted cementoblast cell proliferation.ConclusionsIntermittent parathyroid hormone administration promotes cementoblast‐mediated cementogenesis during periodontal repair in a time‐dependent manner.
The effects of optically and digitally simulated aniseikonia on stereopsis
Authors: Atchison David A , Nguyen Thien , Schmid Katrina L , Rakshit Archayeeta , Baldwin Alex S , Hess Robert F 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPurposeTo simulate both lens‐induced and screen‐induced aniseikonia, and to assess its influence on stereopsis. Additionally, to determine if screen‐based size differences could neutralise the effects of lens‐induced aniseikonia.MethodA four‐circle (4‐C) paradigm was developed, where one circle appears in front or behind the others because of crossed or uncrossed disparity. This stereotest was used for three investigations: (1) Comparison with the McGill modified random dot stereogram (RDS), with anisometropia introduced with +2 D spheres and cylinders, and with aniseikonia introduced with 6% overall and 6% meridional (×180, ×90) magnifiers before the right eye; (2) Comparison of lens‐induced and screen‐induced 6% overall and meridional magnifications and (3) Determining if lens and screen effects neutralised, by opposing 6% lens‐induced magnification to the right eye with screen‐inducements of either 6% left eye magnification or 6% right eye minification. A pilot study of the effect of masking versus not masking the surround was also conducted.ResultsThe 4‐C test gave higher stereo‐thresholds than the RDS test by 0.5 ± 0.2 log units across both anisometropic and aniseikonic conditions. However, variations in power, meridian and magnification affected the two tests similarly. The pilot study indicated that surround masking improved neutralisation of screen and lens effects. With masking, lens‐induced and screen‐induced magnifications increased stereo‐thresholds similarly. With lens and screen effects opposed, for most participants stereo‐thresholds returned to baseline for overall and ×180 magnifications, but not for ×90 magnification. Only three of seven participants showed good compensation for ×90 magnification.ConclusionsEffects of lens‐induced aniseikonia on stereopsis cannot always be successfully simulated with a screen‐based method. The ability to neutralise refractive aniseikonia using a computer‐based method, which is the basis of digital clinical measurement, was reasonably successful for overall and ×180 meridional aniseikonia, but not very successful for ×90 aniseikonia.
Using dynamic common correlated effects approach to analyze the role of sin taxes in short‐ and long‐term fiscal surplus across US states
Authors: Kim Koomin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study empirically analyzes the role of sin taxes in short‐ and long‐run fiscal surplus and across US states via dynamic common correlated effects mean group (DCCEMG) and dynamic common correlated effects pooled mean group estimation (DCCEPMG) during a 36‐year period (1980–2015). Sin tax revenue increases long‐run fiscal surplus for all states, as shown in the log–log model; it also promotes short‐run state fiscal surplus for high‐income states, conservative state governments, and nonsouthern states. Compared to overall tax revenues that are elastic, sin taxes are inelastic revenue sources that promote states' long‐run fiscal surplus. Findings suggest that the effect of sin tax revenue on fiscal surplus varies based on state characteristics. This study contributes to the literature theoretically and practically. First, it marks an initial attempt to link sin taxes with states' fiscal conditions. Second, this study applies recent methodologies such as DCCEMG and DCCEPMG. Results offer practitioners valuable insight into the impacts of sin taxes on long‐run fiscal conditions.
Exploiting Light Directionality for Image‐Based 3D Reconstruction of Non‐Collaborative Surfaces
Authors: Karami Ali , Menna Fabio , Remondino Fabio , Varshosaz Masood 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThree‐dimensional (3D) measurement of non‐collaborative surfaces is still an open research topic. This paper investigates and quantifies for the first time the effect of light directionality and fusion of multiple images as a method to improve the quality of photogrammetric 3D reconstruction. For this aim, an image acquisition system that employs multiple light sources was developed to highlight the roughness and microstructures of the object under investigation. Images were captured at various grazing angles to highlight the local surface roughness and microstructures. Individual point clouds, created using images taken at different grazing angles, were produced using dense image‐matching techniques. These point clouds were then compared against different 3D photogrammetric reconstructions obtained from a pre‐processing of the acquired images based on diffuse lighting, median and average images. Experiments showed that exploiting light directionality significantly improves image‐matching quality. Furthermore, depending on the light direction, the root mean square (RMS) error of the 3D surfaces obtained using the proposed system were up to 50% less than those created by traditional diffuse lighting.
Administration, rhetoric, and climate policy in the Obama presidency
Authors: Jones Craig , Fowler Luke 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAmong the most well‐known traits of the Obama presidency are his rhetorical skills and reliance on administrative action to push forward policy in the face of an unresponsive Congress. This is particularly notable for climate change, where Obama used the tools of the administrative presidency to make policy and rhetoric to build public support for these actions. To this end, the authors examine how President Obama rhetorically constructed and rationalized his use of the Environmental Protection Agency to implement federal climate change regulations via the federal Clean Power Plan. The authors use a rhetorical analysis to examine President Obama's speeches from 2009 through 2015 that explicitly or implicitly reference climate change, greenhouse gases, and the Clean Power Plan, but also related topics, such as energy policy and climate agreements. The authors find that Obama relied on polysemy and the locus of irreparable in his speeches to sale the urgent need for administrative action on climate change. Conclusions suggest that the use of rhetoric and administrative action from the White House are key to how federal climate policy has been constructed in the U.S.
Silvopastoral systems improve carbon stocks at livestock ranches in Tabasco, Mexico
Authors: Valenzuela Que Fabiola G. , Villanueva‐López Gilberto , Alcudia‐Aguilar Alejandro , Medrano‐Pérez Ojilve Ramón , Cámara‐Cabrales Luisa , Martínez‐Zurimendi Pablo , Casanova‐Lugo Fernando , Aryal Deb Raj 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSilvopastoral systems have great potential for storing carbon because of carbon assimilation in tree woody biomass, carbon input through litterfall and below‐ground carbon turnover. In this study, we quantified and compared the carbon stocks at livestock ranches in Tabasco, Mexico, containing either scattered trees in grazing pastures (STP) or grass monocultures. Sampling plots were randomly established at each ranch where the above‐ and below‐ground carbon stocks, carbon input from litterfall, grass production and arboreal biomass growth were measured. We found that silvopastoral systems stored an average of 257.45 Mg ha−1 of soil organic carbon (SOC) compared to 119.17 Mg SOC ha−1 at grass monoculture ranches (to 30 cm depth); silvopastoral systems also stored 44.64 Mg C ha−1 in wood biomass; and, grass monocultures had greater cumulative grass biomass production. Overall, it is concluded that livestock ranches in Tabasco, Mexico, with scattered trees in grazing pastures stored 58.8% more carbon than those grass monocultures, with carbon stocks of 327.01 Mg C ha−1and 134.47 Mg C ha−1, respectively. The results are useful for land management decision making for sustainable livestock systems framed in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Evaluating the utility of pest control sourced rats for zoonotic pathogen surveillance
Authors: Robinson Sarah J. , Finer Rachel , Himsworth Chelsea G. , Pearl David L. , Rousseau Joyce , Weese J. Scott , Lindsay L. Robbin , Dibernardo Antonia , Huynh Chris , Jardine Claire M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNorway rats (Rattus norvegicus) inhabit cities worldwide and live in close association with humans. Studies of urban rat zoonoses often rely on live‐trapping, with fewer studies using rats sourced through lethal pest control interventions. Our objectives were to evaluate the utility of rats collected by pest control professionals for zoonotic pathogen surveillance and determine whether we could detect Leptospira interrogans and Streptobacillus moniliformis in pest control sourced rats. Rat carcasses were submitted from Windsor, Canada by pest control professionals between November 2018 and March 2020. Submissions were categorized by season and land use. Necropsies were performed to classify carcass quality, collect tissue samples, and record demographic data. The association between carcass quality and the ability to collect tissue samples for pathogen surveillance was assessed via an exact logistic regression model. Using PCR, a subset of kidney and spleen samples were tested for L. interrogans and S. moniliformis, respectively. Our sample of pest control sourced rats had similar sex and age distributions to those of live‐trapping studies. Rats were primarily submitted from residential and industrial locations during fall, winter, and spring, which may reflect pest control service areas and peak business periods, rather than rat distribution. Of 124 submissions, 98 (79.0%) of rats showed only mild decomposition. The odds of collecting all tissue samples were reduced for fair compared to good‐quality carcasses (OR: 0.029; 95% CI: 0–0.25; p = .0009) and for poor compared to fair‐quality carcasses (OR: 0.048; 95% CI: 0.00085–0.53; p = .0065). Leptospira interrogans and S. moniliformis were detected in 9.1% (4/44) and 27.3% (15/55) of a subset of rats tested, respectively. Our results suggest that pest control sourced rats are suitable for surveillance for multiple zoonotic pathogens in urban environments. This method of rat collection may provide preliminary information to guide more detailed ecological studies.
Mobile injury prevention programs for children: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Carroll Amy Lowery , Christian Robin , Palokas Michelle 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The objective of this review is to examine mobile injury prevention programs for children and their families.

Introduction:
Unintentional injuries are the leading cause of death worldwide for children aged one to 18years. Providing injury prevention education to children and their families is a necessary and critical element in health promotion.

Inclusion criteria:
This review will consider studies that include children from birth to 18years of age and their parents or guardians. The concept of this review is mobile or traveling injury prevention education programs for the specified population. Studies conducted in any geographic location or setting that report on how these programs are being utilized, who is providing the education, where education is being provided, who is funding the education, and outcome measures reported with mobile injury prevention programs will be included in the review.

Methods:
This review will follow JBI's guidance for scoping reviews. The key databases to be searched include MEDLINE (PubMed), CINAHL (EBSCO), the Cochrane Library (Wiley), ERIC (EBSCO), Web of Science (Clarivate), and Embase (Elsevier). The search for unpublished studies will consist of OpenGrey (www.opengrey.eu) and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Sciences and Engineering Collection (ProQuest). Studies conducted in English, in any year, will be included. Two independent reviewers will perform title and abstract screening, retrieval and review of full-text studies, and data extraction. The results will be presented in diagrammatic or tabular form that aligns with a narrative summary.
CUP study: protocol for a comparative analysis of centralised waitlist effectiveness, policies and innovations for connecting unattached patients to primary care providers
Authors: Marshall Emily Gard , Breton Mylaine , Green Michael , Edwards Lynn , Ayn Caitlyn , Smithman Mélanie Ann , Ryan Carson Shannon , Ashcroft Rachelle , Bayoumi Imaan , Burge Frederick , Deslauriers Véronique , Lawson Beverley , Mathews Maria , McPherson Charmaine , Moritz Lauren R , Nesto Sue , Stock David , Wong Sabrina T , Andrew Melissa 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionAccess to a primary care provider is a key component of high-functioning healthcare systems. In Canada, 15% of patients do not have a regular primary care provider and are classified as ‘unattached’. In an effort to link unattached patients with a provider, seven Canadian provinces implemented centralised waitlists (CWLs). The effectiveness of CWLs in attaching patients to regular primary care providers is unknown. Factors influencing CWLs effectiveness, particularly across jurisdictional contexts, have yet to be confirmed.Methods and analysisA mixed methods case study will be conducted across three Canadian provinces: Ontario, Québec and Nova Scotia. Quantitatively, CWL data will be linked to administrative and provider billing data to assess the rates of patient attachment over time and delay of attachment, stratified by demographics and compared with select indicators of health service utilisation. Qualitative interviews will be conducted with policymakers, patients, and primary care providers to elicit narratives regarding the administration, use, and access of CWLs. An analysis of policy documents will be used to identify contextual factors affecting CWL effectiveness. Stakeholder dialogues will be facilitated to uncover causal pathways and identify strategies for improving patient attachment to primary care.Ethics and disseminationApproval to conduct this study has been granted in Ontario (Queens University Health Sciences and Affiliated Teaching Hospitals Research Ethics Board, file number 6028052; Western University Health Sciences Research Ethics Board, project 116591; University of Toronto Health Sciences Research Ethics Board, protocol number 40335), Québec (Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie, project number 2020–3446) and Nova Scotia (Nova Scotia Health Research Ethics Board, file number 1024979).
Ageing accounts for much of the association between decreasing grip strength and subsequent loneliness: the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing
Authors: Vingeliene Snieguole , Hiyoshi Ayako , Lentjes Marleen , Fall Katja , Montgomery Scott 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundLoneliness at older ages has been associated with higher morbidity and mortality. One of the risk factors for loneliness may be age-related decline in skeletal muscle strength, which may limit the possibilities for engagement in usual social activities and maintaining relationships. We aimed to identify if decrease in grip strength is an independent determinant of subsequent change in loneliness.MethodsProspective cohort study of participants aged 50 years or older living in private households and provided data in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing waves 2 (2004/2005), 4 (2008/2009) and 6 (2012/2013) (n=6118). We used fixed effects linear models to estimate β coefficients and 95% confidence intervals.ResultsThe adjusted estimates for a 5-kilogramme decrease in grip strength and loneliness score (ranging from 3 to 9) are β 0.04 and 95% CI −0.003 to 0.08 among men and β 0.03 and 95% CI −0.02 to 0.09 among women. In age-stratified analysis, a statistically significant association was observed among men below the age of 80 years (0.04, 0.0001 to 0.08) but not among older men (0.04, –0.28 to 0.35), and among women below the age of 80 years (0.03, –0.002 to 0.09) or above (−0.02, –0.32 to 0.28).ConclusionMuscle strength declines with age and may help explain the greater social isolation that occurs at older ages. Decline in strength was only independently associated with modestly increased loneliness among men younger than 80 years of age, indicating its limitation as a potential marker of loneliness risk.
Impact of pregnancy in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension: case series and literature review
Authors: Li Mucong , Tian Zhuang , Qian Junyan , Huang Can , Zhao Jiuliang , Wang Qian , Song Yijun , Tian Xinping , Li Mengtao , Liu Juntao , Zeng Xiaofeng 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of pregnancy complicated by SLE-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension (SLE-PAH) in a case series and literature review.MethodsThis single-centre retrospective study included 10 consecutive pregnancies complicated by SLE-PAH confirmed by right heart catheterisation (RHC) at Peking Union Medical College Hospital between 2009 and 2020. A literature search was conducted and 14 pregnancy cases complicated by SLE-PAH were reviewed.ResultsAt the time of 10 patients’ initial visits, the average age was 30.00±5.72 years and the median disease duration of SLE and PAH was 34.5 (range 1–164) months and 2 (1–51) months. Two patients carried planned pregnancy, seven patients developed PAH during pregnancy and one pregnancy was unplanned. Further, nine patients had low disease activity, with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index between 0 and 4, and 30%, 30% and 40% of patients were of WHO functional class II, III and IV, respectively. All patients were evaluated by RHC and echocardiography. N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels were elevated in 70% of patients, with a median level of 776 (56–18 023) pg/mL. The median time of completed pregnancies in all patients was 31 (15–38) weeks and six patients delivered live infants. SLE activity and PAH severity improved in 70% of patients within 6 months after delivery. One patient died on the 15th day after induction of labour. In the remaining patients, all achieved a lupus low disease activity state; according to the European Society of Cardiology/European Respiratory Society risk stratification, seven were categorised at a lower risk state compared with their risk stratification during pregnancy, and two remained at intermediate risk. Additionally, 80% of patients exhibited mild impairments with WHO functional class I or II. The median NT-proBNP level was 184 (32–4003) pg/mL within 6 months after delivery. In the reviewed literature, the average age of patients was 30.09±5.37 years. The median time of completed pregnancies was 36 (28–40) weeks. More cases were planned and successful, and the survival rates of mothers and neonates were 85.71% and 92.86%, respectively.ConclusionsSuccessful pregnancy could be possible in women with SLE-PAH if SLE-PAH treatment goals are achieved under proper therapies, careful monitoring and thorough evaluations.
Effectiveness of interventions on the stress management of schoolteachers: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Paudel Netra Raj , Adhikari Bidhya Acharya , Prakash K C , Kyrönlahti Saila , Nygård Clas-Håkan , Neupane Subas 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundThis systematic review aimed to analyse the effectiveness of interventions on the stress management of schoolteachers.MethodsWe searched the Medline, PsycINFO, CINAHL and Education Research Complete until 30 November 2021, to identify relevant studies using relevant key words. Job or occupational stress was used as the outcome measure. Stress was defined as Perceived Stress Scale, Teacher Stress Inventory, Maslach Burnout Inventory, Teacher’s Distress, Brief Symptoms Inventory or Global Severity Index. Study selection, data extraction, risk of bias assessment was performed by two independent reviewers. The pooled estimate of the effect by the type of outcome measurement tool and by type of interventions used was calculated using random effects meta-analysis. We used Grades of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation to assess the overall quality of the evidence.ResultsWe reviewed 26 studies, of which 24 were randomised trials and 2 pre-test/post-test studies. Based on meta-analysis, a positive effect of intervention (pooled estimate −1.13, 95% CI −1.52 to −0.73) with high heterogeneity among studies (χ2=426.88, p<0.001, I2=94%) was found by type of interventions used. Cognitive–behavioural therapy had the strongest positive effect, followed by meditation among the types of interventions studied. We identified evidence of a moderate quality for interventions aiming to manage the stress level of schoolteachers.ConclusionsThe meta-analysis showed a positive effect of interventions, suggesting that interventions might reduce the stress level among teachers. The quality of the evidence was moderate.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021225098
Development of planar P-type point contact germanium detectors for low-mass dark matter searches
Authors: Wei W.-Z. , Mei H. , Kooi K. , Mei D.-M. , Liu J. , Li J.-C. , Panth R. , Wang G.-J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe detection of low-energy deposition in the range of sub-eV through ionization using germanium (Ge) with a bandgap of $$\sim $$
∼
0.7 eV requires internal amplification of the charge signal. This can be achieved through high electric field that accelerates charge carriers, which can then generate more charge carriers. The minimum electric field required to generate internal charge amplification is derived for different temperatures. We report the development of a planar point contact Ge detector in terms of its fabrication and the measurements of its leakage current and capacitance as a function of applied bias voltage. With the determination of the measured depletion voltage, the field distribution is calculated using GeFiCa, which predicts that the required electric field for internal charge amplification can be achieved in proximity to the point contact. The energy response to an Am-241 source is characterized and discussed. We conclude that such a detector with internal charge amplification can be used to search for low-mass dark matter.