bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Systematic Review of the Potential Effects of Propolis Extracts on Experimentally-induced Diabetes
Authors: Cunha Gustavo Aparecido da , Carlstrom Paulo Fernando , Franchin Marcelo , Alencar Severino Matias , Ikegaki Masaharu , Rosalen Pedro Luiz 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOxidative stress (OS) is involved in the development of diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications. Thus, OS reduction may be an important strategy for DM therapy. Propolis is bee resins with high antioxidant activity and is used in the treatment of different diseases, including DM. Therefore, in this systematic review, we evaluated the impact of propolis administration in diabetic animals. We used the PRISMA strategy to collect preclinical studies published in English up to November 2021 in three databases (PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science). We used the SYRCLE tool to analyze the risk of methodological bias. Our primary search returned 198 studies, of which 14 were considered eligible to be included in this review. The administration of propolis induced a hypoglycemic effect in the treated animals, which is probably due to the reduction of OS. The animals showed restoration of endogenous antioxidant defenses and reduced levels of markers for OS. The administration of propolis resulted in improvement in the lipid profile of treated animals. Our risk of bias assessment showed a methodological quality score of less than 30% due to a lack of randomization, blinding, and proper allocation of animals. Heterogeneity in treatments, lack of results, and use of non-standard extracts are limitations in our data analysis. Despite these limitations, propolis induced a significant hypoglycemic effect in diabetic animals when compared to untreated controls. This effect was associated with a reduction in OS, a process mediated by ROS neutralization and restoration of endogenous antioxidant defenses.
Practical, Multigram Preparation of Synthetically Useful, Enantiomerically Pure Building-Blocks from Quinic Acid
Authors: Banwell Martin G. , White Lorenzo V. , Tan Shen , Lan Ping 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe naturally abundant, enantiomerically pure cyclitol quinic acid has been converted into a synthetically useful enone in nearly quantitative yield using the operationally straightforward and reproducible protocols reported herein. The latter compound, which was obtained in multigram quantities, engages in a diastereoselective 1,2-addition reaction with a hydrazone-based nucleophile. Furthermore, a readily derived α-iodoenone participates in both cross-coupling and α,β-annulation reactions. The results reported here emphasize that the now practically accessible cyclohexenones are useful, enantiomerically pure building blocks for organic synthesis.
Birefringence tomography for axion cloud
Authors: Chen Yifan , Li Chunlong , Mizuno Yosuke , Shu Jing , Xue Xiao , Yuan Qiang , Zhao Yue , Zhou Zihan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
An axion cloud surrounding a supermassive black hole can be naturally produced through the superradiance process. Its existence can be examined by the axion induced birefringence effect. It predicts an oscillation of the electric vector position angle of linearly polarized radiations. Stringent constraints of the existence of the axion in a particular mass window has been obtained based on the recent Event Horizon Telescope measurement on M87★.
The future Very-Long-Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) observations will be able to measure the vicinity of many supermassive black holes, thus it opens the possibility to search for the existence of axions in a wide mass regime.
In this paper, we study how different black hole properties and accretion flows influence the signatures of the axion induced birefringence. We include the impacts of black hole inclination angles, spins, magnetic fields, plasma velocity distributions, the thickness of the accretion flows.
We pay special attention to characterize the washout effects induced by the finite thickness of the accretion flows and the lensed photons.
Based on this study, we give prospects on how to optimize the axion search using future VLBI observations, such as the next-generation Event Horizon Telescope, to further increase the sensitivity.
Multi-response optimization of AISI H11 using Taguchi and Grey relational analysis
Authors: Kumar R Suresh , Kumar S Dharani , Rajkumar S 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Tool & Die is one of the important department in the manufacturing industries that takes care of proper designing and fabrication of tools and dies required for the production. In this sector, tool steels are used as the primary source of materials. These tool steels belongs to the family of carbon and alloy steels. Mostly used alloying elements are chromium, tungsten, molybdenum and vanadium and are heat-treated. The objective of the work involves machinability study of AISI H11 chromium hot-worked steel extensively used for tool & die making. It deals with the analysis of machining parameters and its influences on the responses considered. Here the controlling parameters considered are cutting speed (Cs), feed rate (Fr) and depth of cut (Dc) and responses as surface roughness (Ra) and material removal rate (Mrr). Each controlling parameters are assigned with 3 levels and experimental runs were executed as per taguchi robust design. To determine multi-objective optimal solution, grey relational analysis (GRA) is employed. GRA is used as it provides a feasible platform for converting a multi-objective function into single-objective function. The experimental runs were performed as per L27 orthogonal array sequence in CNC end-milling. The responses recorded are then analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and optimal solutions are validated through confirmatory runs. The entire machinability study of AISI H11 is performed in two conditions involving rough machining and finish machining. This has been addressed based on the machining scenario followed in industries taking up job orders. The confirmatory results for rough machining recorded was found to be 0.7871 microns against predicted value of 0.7654 microns resulting with a deviation error of 2.88%. Similarly, for finish machining, confirmatory runs recorded 0.8579 microns against predicted value of 0.8357 microns resulting with a deviation error of 2.66%. The deviation level indicated above between predicted and observed values are minimum, which shows the reliability of the optimal solutions arrived in.
Rehospitalisations, repeated aortic surgery, and death in initial survivors of surgery for Stanford type A aortic dissection and the significance of age - a nationwide registry-based cohort study
Authors: Gundlund Anna , Køber Lars , Høfsten Dan E , Vester-Andersen Morten , Pedersen Maria W , Torp-Pedersen Christian , Kragholm Kristian , Søgaard Peter , Smerup Morten , Fosbøl Emil L 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimsDescribe and compare incidences across age groups of rehospitalization, repeated aortic surgery, and death in patients who survived surgery and hospitalization for type A aortic dissection.Methods and resultsFrom Danish nationwide registries, we identified patients hospitalized with Stanford type A aortic dissections (2006–2018). Survivors of hospitalization and surgery on the ascending aorta and/or aortic arch comprised the study population (n = 606, 36 (38.9%) &lt;60 years old (group I), 194 (32.0%) 60–69 years old (group II), and 176 (29.1%) &gt;69 years old (group III)). During the first year, 62.5% were re-hospitalized and 1.4% underwent repeated aortic surgery with no significant differences across age groups (P = 0.68 and P = 0.39, respectively). Further, 5.9% died (group I: 3.0%, group II: 8.3%, group III: 7.4%, P = 0.04). After 10 years, 8.0% had undergone repeated aortic surgery (group I: 11.5%, group II: 8.5%, group III: 1.6%, P = 0.04) and 10.2% (group I), 17.0% (group II), and 22.2% (group III) had died (P = 0.01). Using multivariable Cox regression analysis, we described long-term outcomes comparing age groups. No age differences were found in one-year outcomes, while age &gt; 69 years compared with age &lt; 60 years was associated with a lower rate of repeated aortic surgery [hazard ratio 0.17, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.04–0.78] and a higher rate of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio 2.44, 95% CI 1.37–4.34) in the 10-year analyses.ConclusionRehospitalisations in the first year after discharge were common in all age groups, but survival was high. Repeated aortic surgery was significantly more common among younger than older patients.
Automated dispersion curve picking using multi-attribute convolutional-neural-network based machine learning
Authors: Ren Li , Gao Fuchun , Wu Yulang , Williamson Paul , McMechan George A , Wang Wenlong 
Published: September 2022

SUMMARY
Surface wave dispersion curves are useful to characterize shallow subsurface structures while accurately picking them is typically laborious. To make these approaches more efficient and practical, it is important to automate the picking process. We propose a convolutional neural network (CNN) based ML method to automatically pick multimode surface wave dispersion curves. We modify the typical U-net architecture to convert the conventional 2-D image segmentation problem into direct multimode curve fitting and subsequent picking. A variety of attributes of the data amplitude (A) in the (f, k) domain, such as frequency (F), wavenumber (K), maximum coherency (Coh) and Power weighted amplitude (Pwa), are combined to constrain the picking more accurately than a single attribute does. The effects of two different loss functions on the final picking results are compared; the one that combines conventional wavenumber residuals and curve slope residuals produces more continuous curves. Pre-training the network with synthetic data, and thus using transfer learning, improves the efficiency of the algorithm when the data set is large. To determine the frequency band of each dispersive mode (effective frequency band) in the picked curves, the CNN outputs are post-processed by using measurements such as long/short moving average ratios of squared picked wavenumbers, posterior uncertainty of picked wavenumbers and wavenumbers in the picked curves or the power attribute. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this automatic picking by applying it to a 2-D line and a 3-D subset from a field ocean bottom node data set, where the fundamental and first higher modes of Scholte waves are accurately picked.
Evaluating automated benthic fish detection under variable conditions
Authors: Scoulding Ben , Maguire Kylie , Orenstein Eric C 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Advances in imaging systems have facilitated the collection of high-volume imagery datasets in fisheries science. To alleviate the costs of sorting these datasets, automated image processing techniques are used. In this study, we investigate a machine learning-enabled imaging technique for automating individual fish detection from stereo image pairs of orange roughy (Hoplostethus atlanticus). We performed a set of object detection experiments to investigate how well a Single Shot Multi-Box Detector (SSD) model worked under dynamic real-world conditions when trained over a small number of epochs. We tested model generalization between the port and starboard side cameras; at variable fish densities; different benthic substrates; and at different altitudes above the seafloor. We show that (1) changes in perspective between starboard and port images are not enough to break the object detector, (2) the object detector begins to have trouble differentiating individuals at high fish densities (&gt;20 fish per image), (3) substrate type does not affect model performance, and (4) altitude is not a major factor contributing to model error. Ideally, this type of real-world dataset exploration should be performed prior to committing the resources to train the final object detector over several hundred epochs.
Marine mammals foraging around fishing gear or preying upon fishing catch and bait: it may not be “depredation”
Authors: Bearzi Giovanni , Reeves Randall R 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSome populations of marine mammals (particularly odontocete cetaceans, and pinnipeds) have responded to the expansion of fisheries by modifying their behaviour to take advantage of the foraging opportunities provided by fishing. This has led to interactions that include forms of “depredation”, referring to the removal of, or damage to, marketable organisms as well as bait from fishing gear. The current scientific and technical usage of depredate or depredation appears inconsistent with some of the meanings found in dictionaries, such as to plunder (typically using force), pillage, ravage, lay waste, despoil, destroy, commit waste, or ransack. We suggest that the use of “depredation” when referring to marine mammal behaviour could strengthen misperception and misunderstanding, hardening notions that they are unfairly taking or destroying what is ours. Though most contemporary researchers do not mean to imply that predators are “stealing our fish”, continued reference to the mammals’ behaviour as depredation may reinforce, at least in some minds, the belief that fish and other marine resources “belong” only to humans. Alternative wording would help to prevent ambiguity in communications, especially outside the scientific community, and preserve recognition of the ecological roles that large marine predators play.
Modelling spatial variability of cultivated Saccharina latissima in a Dutch coastal bay shows benefits of co-cultivation with shellfish
Authors: Jiang Long , Jansen Henrice M , Broch Ole Jacob , Timmermans Klaas R , Soetaert Karline 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Cultivation of Saccharina latissima, a brown macroalga, is fast developing in Europe and North America for the sustainable production of food and biorefinery materials and important ecosystem services. Prior studies have demonstrated large spatial variability in the yield and chemical composition of the cultivated S. latissima, even within a small coastal bay. Using a validated hydrodynamic-biogeochemical-kelp model, this study examined main drivers of the spatial variability in S. latissima growth dynamics in 40 hypothetical farms throughout a Dutch coastal bay, the Eastern Scheldt. Results indicate that temperature plays a primary role in driving the spatial variability. For example, S. latissima yield in the deeper and better flushed western part is more than double that in the eastern part, mainly due to its 2–3°C warmer seawater in winter. It is also found that S. latissima benefits from co-cultivation with shellfish, since nutrients excreted by shellfish replenish its nitrogen reserve, which fuels a relatively high growth rate in the nitrogen-depleted late spring. The model assessment offers insight into optimal potential locations of S. latissima farms in the Eastern Scheldt. Applicability of our modelling approach to other coastal ecosystems and possible further improvements for assisting in seaweed farming practice are discussed.
Heat-Induced Hatching of Red-Eyed Treefrog Embryos: Hydration and Clutch Structure Increase Behavioral Thermal Tolerance
Authors: Guevara-Molina Estefany Caroline , Gomes Fernando Ribeiro , Warkentin Karen M 
Published: September 2022

Synopsis
Climate change is increasing both environmental temperatures and droughts. Many ectotherms respond behaviorally to heat, thereby avoiding damage from extreme temperatures. Within species, thermal tolerance varies with factors such as hydration as well as ontogenetic stage. Many tropical anurans lay terrestrial eggs, relying on environmental moisture for embryonic development. These eggs are vulnerable to dehydration, and embryos of some species can hatch prematurely to escape from drying eggs. Warmer temperatures can accelerate development and thus hatching, but excess heat can kill embryos. Thus, we hypothesize that embryos may show a behavioral thermal tolerance limit, hatching prematurely to avoid potentially lethal warming. If so, because warming and drying are often associated, we hypothesize this limit, measurable as a voluntary thermal maximum, may depend on hydration. We manipulated the hydration of the terrestrial eggs of Agalychnis callidryas, in intact clutches and egg-groups isolated from clutch jelly, then warmed them to assess if embryos hatch early as a behavioral response to high temperatures and whether their thermal tolerance varies with hydration or surrounding structure. We discovered that heating induces hatching; these embryos show a behavioral escape-hatching response that enables them to avoid potentially lethal warming. Hydrated eggs and clutches lost more water and warmed more slowly than dehydrated ones, indicating that hydration buffers embryos from environmental warming via evaporative cooling. Embryos in hydrated clutches tolerated greater warming before hatching and suffered higher mortality, suggesting their behavioral Thermal Safety Margin is small. In contrast, lower thermal tolerance protected dry embryos, and those isolated from clutch jelly, from lethal warming. Heat-induced hatching offers a convenient behavioral assay for the thermal tolerance of terrestrial anuran embryos and the interactive effects of warming and dehydration at an early life stage. This work expands the set of threats against which embryos use hatching in self-defense, creating new opportunities for comparative studies of thermal tolerance as well as integrative studies of self-defense mechanisms at the egg stage.
Time lag effect on solar radiation of tree sap flux density for different DBH ofLarix olgensis
Authors: Wang Zixuan , Sun Zhihu , Cui Jinyao 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTo clarify the role of tree characteristics and slope positions in the time lag between tree stem sap flux density (Js) and solar radiation (Rs). Plants of different diameter classes in a Larix olgensis near-mature forest (31 years old) in the hilly area of the Sanjiang Plain were used. The relationships between the time lag Js–Rs and tree characteristics, adjacent tree characteristics and slope positions were evaluated. Though both Js and Rs exhibited diurnal variation, they were not synchronized, thus leading to a time lag between Js and Rs. During the growing season, the change in Js lagged behind the change in Rs by 21.1 ± 6.9 min. Compared with tree height and crown width, the time lag Js–Rs was more dependent on diameter at breast height (DBH). The time lag between Js and Rs showed a linear increase with DBH. Compared with the characteristics of neighboring trees, the time lags Js–Rs were more dependent on their own tree characteristics. A significant relationship was not observed between the time lag Js–Rs and soil volumetric water content. The effects of tree characteristics, adjacent tree characteristics and slope positions on the formation of the time lag Js–Rs were compared. The time lag of Js on Rs was mainly controlled by the tree characteristics (DBH). DBH is an important factor that affects the time lag between Js and Rs under sunny conditions during the growing season of L. olgensis.
Constraints on extragalactic transmitters via Breakthrough Listen observations of background sources
Authors: Garrett M A , Siemion A P V 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
The Breakthrough Listen Initiative has embarked on a comprehensive Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) survey of nearby stars in the Milky Way that is vastly superior to previous efforts as measured by a wide range of different metrics. SETI surveys traditionally ignore the fact that they are sensitive to many background objects, in addition to the foreground target star. In order to better appreciate and exploit the presence of extragalactic objects in the field of view, the aladin sky atlas and NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED) were employed to make a rudimentary census of extragalactic objects that were serendipitously observed with the 100-m Green Bank Telescope observing at 1.1–1.9 GHz. For 469 target fields [assuming a full width at half-maximum (FWHM) radial field of view of 4.2 arcmin], NED identified a grand total of 143 024 extragalactic objects, including various astrophysical exotica e.g. active galactic nuclei (AGN) of various type, radio galaxies, interacting galaxies, and one confirmed gravitational lens system. Several nearby galaxies, galaxy groups, and galaxy clusters are identified, permitting the parameter space probed by SETI surveys to be significantly extended. Constraints are placed on the luminosity function of potential extraterrestrial transmitters assuming it follows a simple power law and limits on the prevalence of very powerful extraterrestrial transmitters associated with these vast stellar systems are also determined. It is demonstrated that the recent Breakthrough Listen Initiative, and indeed many previous SETI radio surveys, places stronger limits on the prevalence of extraterrestrial intelligence in the distant Universe than is often fully appreciated.
Effects of finite sizes of atomic nuclei on shear modulus and torsional oscillations in neutron stars
Authors: Sotani Hajime , Togashi Hajime , Takano Masatoshi 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
The shear modulus of neutron star matter is one of the important properties used for determining torsional oscillations in neutron stars. We take into account the effects of finite sizes of spherical nuclei on the shear modulus and examine the frequencies of crustal torsional oscillations. The shear modulus decreases owing to the finite-size effect, which in turn decreases the frequencies of torsional oscillations. In particular, the finite-size effect becomes more crucial for oscillations with a larger azimuthal quantum number and for neutron star models with a weaker density dependence of nuclear symmetry energy. In practice, when one identifies quasi-periodic oscillations from a neutron star, where magnetic effects are negligible, with crustal torsional oscillations, the finite-size effect can be more significant at frequencies higher than ∼100 Hz.
A multisimulation study of relativistic SZ temperature scalings in galaxy clusters and groups
Authors: Lee Elizabeth , Anbajagane Dhayaa , Singh Priyanka , Chluba Jens , Nagai Daisuke , Kay Scott T , Cui Weiguang , Dolag Klaus , Yepes Gustavo 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
The Sunyaev–Zeldovich (SZ) effect is a powerful tool in modern cosmology. With future observations promising ever improving SZ measurements, the relativistic corrections to the SZ signals from galaxy groups and clusters are increasingly relevant. As such, it is important to understand the differences between three temperature measures: (a) the average relativistic SZ (rSZ) temperature, (b) the mass-weighted temperature relevant for the thermal SZ (tSZ) effect, and (c) the X-ray spectroscopic temperature. In this work, we compare these cluster temperatures, as predicted by the Bahamas & Macsis, IllustrisTNG, Magneticum, and The Three Hundred Project simulations. Despite the wide range of simulation parameters, we find the SZ temperatures are consistent across the simulations. We estimate a $\simeq 10{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ level correction from rSZ to clusters with Y ≃ 10−4 Mpc−2. Our analysis confirms a systematic offset between the three temperature measures; with the rSZ temperature $\simeq 20{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ larger than the other measures, and diverging further at higher redshifts. We demonstrate that these measures depart from simple self-similar evolution and explore how they vary with the defined radius of haloes. We investigate how different feedback prescriptions and resolutions affect the observed temperatures, and discover the SZ temperatures are rather insensitive to these details. The agreement between simulations indicates an exciting avenue for observational and theoretical exploration, determining the extent of relativistic SZ corrections. We provide multiple simulation-based fits to the scaling relations for use in future SZ modelling.