bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of changes in stimulus properties on acoustic stapedius reflex response: a systematic review
Authors: Basoz Meliha , Oktay Esranur , Kuru Elif , Bal Nilüfer , Gedik Ozge 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
The acoustic stapedius reflex is formed by the contraction of the stapedius muscle in the middle ear cavity when a loud sound is given to both ears. Changes in properties such as the intensity, frequency, duration, and speed of stimulus affect reflex responses.

Methods
As a result of the literature review conducted between 2005 and 2020, 2846 articles were reviewed and 30 articles evaluating the effects of stimulus changes on acoustic reflex responses were included in the study.

Main text
In the studies reviewed, it was observed that lower threshold values were obtained by using noise as a stimulus instead of pure sound. Different results were found regarding the duration and frequency of the stimulus. It has been reported that stimulus frequency does not have a significant effect on acoustic reflex delays and the acoustic stapedius reflex threshold increases in the presence of opposite side noise.

Conclusion
As a result of the studies reviewed, it was seen that the changes in many properties of the stimulus that activate the middle ear muscles affected the reflex response.
Endoscopic treatment of anterior laryngeal web using keel designed from ePTFE followed by voice therapy: a refined technique
Authors: Ahmed Megahed Mohamed Hassan , El-Adawy Ahlam Abdel-Salam Nabieh 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundTreatment of laryngeal web is challenging due to possibility of recurrence and affected voice quality. Optimal treatment of laryngeal web should emphasize on improving both airway and vocal function. We refined the traditional endoscopic method using a new keel designed from expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) membrane. Our objective is to evaluate the voice outcomes following the endoscopic treatment and voice therapy.ResultsTen subjects presented with anterior laryngeal web. Auditory perceptual assessment, stroboscopic examination and acoustic studies were performed pre- and postoperatively. Endoscopic excision of laryngeal web was performed with cold instruments. An individually designed ePTFE keel was fixed by Nylon thread 2–0 at the anterior commissure and tied subcutaneously in the neck. The keel left for 3–5 weeks followed by voice therapy using abdomino-diaphragmatic breathing exercise and relaxation method. Vocal parameters measured were perceptual voice quality using Grade-Roughness-Breathiness-Asthenia-Strain voice scale (GRBAS), stroboscopic score, fundamental frequency (F0), jitter, shimmer, pitch perturbation question (PPQ), amplitude perturbation question (APQ) and harmonics-to-noise ratio (HNR). Significant decrease in GRBAS (P< 0.001) and significant increase in stroboscopic scores (P< 0.001) were noticed after operation and voice therapy. Also, acoustic voice parameters showed significant improvements. The mean jitter, shimmer, PPQ and APQ showed significant decrease (p= 0.0028, 0.0032, 0.0026, 0.0014, and 0.006 respectively). Overall, 90 % of our subjects have satisfactory voice outcome.ConclusionEndoscopic excision of anterior laryngeal with cold instrument followed by ePTFE keel fixation achieved good long-term voice results. The ePTFE is soft biocompatible material which does not make reaction. The keel should be left in place for sufficient period of time (3–5 weeks). This ensures perfect healing with less or no recurrence. Absence of foreign body reactions in the vocal folds is important for mucosal integrity and good voice outcome. So, the ePTFE could be good alternative for laryngeal keel. Hyperfunctional dysphonia with ventricular hypertrophy may develop in longstanding anterior laryngeal web which needs intensive voice therapy after operation. Our treatment targeted both the organic etiology of dysphonia and the underlying cause of the possible associated functional element of dysphonia.
Isolation and phylogenetic analysis of feline calicivirus strains from various region of China
Authors: Cao Longlong , Li Qiuyan , Shi Kaituo , Wei Liting , Ouyang Hehao , Ye Zijun , Du Wenguang , Ye Jiawen , Hui Xiaochen , Li Jiakang , Cao Shengbo , Zhou Dengyuan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFeline calicivirus (FCV) is an important feline pathogen mainly causing upper respiratory tract disease, conjunctivitis, and stomatitis, and it is classified into genotype I and genotype II. To investigate the prevalence and molecular characteristics of FCV, this study collected 337 cat swab samples from animal hospitals in different regions of China from 2019 to 2021. The positive detection rate of FCV was 29.9% (101/337) by RT-PCR. Statistical analysis showed that FCV prevalence was significantly associated with living environment (p = 0.0004), age (p = 0.031) and clinical symptoms (p = 0.00), but not with sex (p = 0.092) and breed (p = 0.171). The 26 strains of FCV were isolated using F81 cells. Phylogenetic analysis showed that 10 isolates belonged to genotype I, and 16 isolates belonged to genotype II. These 26 isolates were highly genetically diverse, of which HB7 isolate had three same virulence-related amino acid loci with VSD strains. Potential loci distinguishing different genotypes were identified from 26 isolates, suggesting the genetic relationship between different genotypes. In addition, selection pressure analysis based on capsid protein of 26 isolates revealed that the protein is under diversifying selection. This study reveals the genetic diversity of FCV and provides a reference for the screening of vaccine candidate strains and the development of vaccines with better cross-protection effects.
Gene Expression Signatures for the Accurate Diagnosis of Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma Entities in the Routine Clinical Practice
Authors: Amador Catalina , Bouska Alyssa , Wright George , Weisenburger Dennis D. , Feldman Andrew L. , Greiner Timothy C. , Lone Waseem , Heavican Tayla , Smith Lynette , Pileri Stefano , Tabanelli Valentina , Ott German , Rosenwald Andreas , Savage Kerry J. , Slack Graham , Kim Won Seog , Hyeh Young , Li Yuping , Dong Gehong , Song Joo , Ondrejka Sarah , Cook James R. , Barrionuevo Carlos , Lim Soon Thye , Ong Choon Kiat , Chapman Jennifer , Inghirami Giorgio , Raess Philipp W. , Bhagavathi Sharathkumar , Gould Clare , Blombery Piers , Jaffe Elaine , Morris Stephan W. , Rimsza Lisa M. , Vose Julie M. , Staudt Louis , Chan Wing C. , Iqbal Javeed 
Published: July 2022

PURPOSE Peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) includes heterogeneous clinicopathologic entities with numerous diagnostic and treatment challenges. We previously defined robust transcriptomic signatures that distinguish common PTCL entities and identified two novel biologic and prognostic PTCL-not otherwise specified subtypes (PTCL-TBX21 and PTCL-GATA3). We aimed to consolidate a gene expression–based subclassification using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues to improve the accuracy and precision in PTCL diagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS We assembled a well-characterized PTCL training cohort (n = 105) with gene expression profiling data to derive a diagnostic signature using fresh-frozen tissue on the HG-U133plus2.0 platform (Affymetrix, Inc, Santa Clara, CA) subsequently validated using matched FFPE tissues in a digital gene expression profiling platform (nCounter, NanoString Technologies, Inc, Seattle, WA). Statistical filtering approaches were applied to refine the transcriptomic signatures and then validated in another PTCL cohort (n = 140) with rigorous pathology review and ancillary assays. RESULTS In the training cohort, the refined transcriptomic classifier in FFPE tissues showed high sensitivity (> 80%), specificity (> 95%), and accuracy (> 94%) for PTCL subclassification compared with the fresh-frozen–derived diagnostic model and showed high reproducibility between three independent laboratories. In the validation cohort, the transcriptional classifier matched the pathology diagnosis rendered by three expert hematopathologists in 85% (n = 119) of the cases, showed borderline association with the molecular signatures in 6% (n = 8), and disagreed in 8% (n = 11). The classifier improved the pathology diagnosis in two cases, validated by clinical findings. Of the 11 cases with disagreements, four had a molecular classification that may provide an improvement over pathology diagnosis on the basis of overall transcriptomic and morphological features. The molecular subclassification provided a comprehensive molecular characterization of PTCL subtypes, including viral etiologic factors and translocation partners. CONCLUSION We developed a novel transcriptomic approach for PTCL subclassification that facilitates translation into clinical practice with higher precision and uniformity than conventional pathology diagnosis.
Outlying End-Tidal Carbon Dioxide During General Anesthesia Is Associated With Postoperative Pulmonary Complications: A Multicenter Retrospective Observational Study From US Hospitals Between 2010 and 2017
Authors: Akkermans Annemarie , van Waes Judith A. , Kheterpal Sachin , Pasma Wietze , Saager Leif , Thompson Aleda , van Klei Wilton A. 
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND:
Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) occur in up to 33% of patients who undergo noncardiothoracic surgery. Emerging evidence suggests that permissive hypercapnia may reduce the risk of lung injury. We hypothesized that higher intraoperative end-tidal carbon dioxide (Etco
2) concentrations would be associated with a decreased risk of PPCs.

METHODS:
This retrospective, observational, multicenter study included patients undergoing general anesthesia for noncardiothoracic procedures (January 2010–December 2017). The primary outcome was PPC within 30 postoperative days. Secondary outcomes were PPC within 1 week, postoperative length of stay, and inhospital 30-day mortality. The association between these outcomes, median Etco
2, and 4 time-weighted average area-under-the-curve (TWA-AUC) thresholds (<28, <35, <45, and >45 mm Hg) was explored using a multivariable mixed-effect model and by plotting associated risks.

RESULTS:
Among 143,769 cases across 11 hospitals, 10,276 (7.1%) experienced a PPC. When compared to a baseline median Etco
2 of 35 to 40 mm Hg, a median Etco
2 >40 mm Hg was associated with an increase in PPCs within 30 days (median Etco
2, 40–45 mm Hg; adjusted OR, 1.16 [99% confidence interval {CI}, 1.00–1.33]; P value = .008 and median Etco
2, >45 mm Hg; OR, 1.64 [99% CI, 1.33–2.02]; P value < .001). The occurrence of any Etco
2 value <28 mm Hg (ie, a positive TWA-AUC < 28 mm Hg) was associated with PPCs (OR, 1.40 [95% CI, 1.33–1.49]; P value < .001), mortality, and length of stay. Any Etco
2 value >45 mm Hg (ie, a positive TWA-AUC >45 mm Hg) was also associated with PPCs (OR, 1.24 [95% CI, 1.17–1.31]; P < .001). The Etco
2 range with the lowest incidence of PPCs was 35 to 38 mm Hg.

CONCLUSIONS:
Both a very low (<28 mm Hg) and a high Etco
2 (>45 mm Hg) were associated with PPCs within 30 days. The lowest PPC incidence was found in patients with an Etco
2 of 35 to 38 mm Hg. Prospective studies are needed to clarify the relationship between postoperative PPCs and intraoperative Etco
2.
Socially Connected Neighborhoods and the Spread of Sexually Transmitted Infections
Authors: Newmyer Lauren , Evans Megan , Graif Corina 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the United States have been increasing at record levels and exhibit unequal spatial patterning across urban populations and neighborhoods. Research on the effects of residential and nearby neighborhoods on STI proliferation has largely ignored the role of socially connected contexts, even though neighborhoods are routinely linked by individuals' movements across space for work and other social activities. We showcase how commuting and public transit networks contribute to the social spillover of STIs in Chicago. Examining data on all employee–employer location links recorded yearly by the Census Bureau for more than a decade, we assess network spillover effects of local community STI rates on interconnected communities. Spatial and network autoregressive models show that exposure to STIs in geographically proximate and socially proximate communities contributes to increases in local STI levels, even net of socioeconomic and demographic factors and prior STIs. These findings suggest that geographically proximate and socially connected communities influence one another's infection rates through social spillover effects.
Gender Disparities in Increased Parenting Time During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Research Note
Authors: Augustine Jennifer March , Prickett Kate 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Public health measures aimed at curbing the transmission of COVID-19 increased parenting responsibilities during the early stages of the pandemic. This research note examines time-use data from the American Time Use Surveys to provide several fresh insights as to how mothers took on a disproportionate share of this responsibility compared to fathers during this period. First, the gender gap in total parenting time narrowed by 18%. Meanwhile, the gender disparity in time in educational activities increased by 113% and was not explained by changes in mothers’ labor force participation. Mothers also took on 20% more time in secondary caregiving compared to fathers. Estimates among working parents indicated that the amount of time in which mothers coupled paid work with caregiving increased by 346% compared to fathers. These results highlight how fathers marginally increased their caregiving responsibilities compared to mothers, but not in activities that parents tend to rate as more stressful or intensive, such as supervising children's schooling and multitasking at work. The estimates provide clear evidence of the unequal caregiving burden placed on mothers during the pandemic.
Paramedian Wiltse Approach for Giant Paraspinal Lumbar Schwannoma: Technical Note and Alternative Approaches
Authors: Wang Christopher P. , Flores-Milan Gabriel , Liu James K. C. 
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND:
Paraspinal lumbar schwannomas are primarily located outside of the spinal canal with minimal extension into the neural foramen. Approaching these tumors through a traditional posterior approach can be challenging given their lateral location to the spine and is likely to require extensive bony removal and potential destabilization of the spine. Alternatives approaches have been identified that may circumvent the need for extensive bony removal.

OBJECTIVE:
To examine the use of the paramedian Wiltse approach for giant extraspinal tumors and compare the approach with other nonposterior approaches.

METHODS:
We present 2 cases in which the paramedian Wiltse approach is used to effectively approach large paraspinal schwannomas and achieve complete tumor resection without destabilization of the spine.

RESULTS:
The paramedian Wiltse approach along with expandable retractors systems were able to achieve complete resection of the giant paraspinal schwannomas. Neural preservation was able to be achieved in one case which was facilitated by the exposure achieved through the posterior paramedian corridor that allowed for visualization of the proximal and distal ends of the tumor.

CONCLUSION:
The paramedian Wiltse approach is an ideal approach to target large extraspinal schwannomas for complete resection and potential neural preservation without the need for destabilization of the spine.
Protein undernutrition reduces the efficacy of praziquantel in a murine model of Schistosoma mansoni infection
Authors: Kadji Fassi Joseph Bertin , Boukeng Jatsa Hermine , Membe Femoe Ulrich , Greigert Valentin , Brunet Julie , Cannet Catherine , Kenfack Christian Mérimé , Gipwe Feussom Nestor , Tienga Nkondo Emilienne , Abou-Bacar Ahmed , Pfaff Alexander Wilhelm , Kamgang René , Kamtchouing Pierre , Tchuem Tchuenté Louis-Albert 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundUndernutrition and schistosomiasis are public health problems and often occur in low and middle-income countries. Protein undernutrition can alter the host-parasite environment system and aggravate the course of schistosomiasis. This study aimed to assess the impact of a low-protein diet on the efficacy of praziquantel.Methodology/Principal findingsThirty-day-old mice were fed with a low-protein diet, and 40 days later, they were individually infected with fiftySchistosoma mansonicercariae. A 28-day-treatment with praziquantel at 100 mg/kg for five consecutive days followed by distilled water begins on the 36thday post-infection. Mice were sacrificed on the 64thday post-infection. We determined the parasitological burden, liver and intestine histomorphometry, liver injury, and immunomodulation parameters. Praziquantel treatment of infected mice fed with a standard diet (IN-PZQ) resulted in a significant reduction of worm and egg burdens and a normalization of iron and calcium levels. The therapy also improved schistosomiasis-induced hepatopathy and oxidative stress. The anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities of praziquantel were also significant in these mice. When infected mice receiving the low-protein diet were treated with praziquantel (ILP-PZQ), the body weight loss and hepatomegaly were not alleviated, and the worm and liver egg burdens were significantly higher than those of IN-PZQ mice (P< 0.001). The treatment did not reduce the increased activities of ALT and γ-GGT, the high malondialdehyde concentration, and the liver granuloma volume. The iron and calcium levels were not ameliorated and differed from those of IN-PZQ mice (P< 0.001 andP< 0.05). Moreover, in these mice, praziquantel treatment did not reverse the high level of IL-5 and the low mRNA expression of CCL3/MIP-1α and CXCL-10/IP-10 induced byS.mansoniinfection.Conclusion/SignificanceThese results demonstrated that a low-protein diet reduced the schistosomicidal, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory activities of praziquantel.
Environmental impact of single-use, reusable, and mixed trocar systems used for laparoscopic cholecystectomies
Authors: Boberg Linn , Singh Jagdeep , Montgomery Agneta , Bentzer Peter 
Published: July 2022

Introduction
Climate change is one of the 21st century’s biggest public health issues and health care contributes up to 10% of the emissions of greenhouse gases in developed countries. About 15 million laparoscopic procedures are performed annually worldwide and single-use medical equipment is increasingly used during these procedures. Little is known about costs and environmental footprint of this change in practice.

Methods
We employed Life Cycle Assessment method to evaluate and compare the environmental impacts of single-use, reusable, and mixed trocar systems used for laparoscopic cholecystectomies at three hospitals in southern Sweden. The environmental impacts were calculated using the IMPACT 2002+ method and a functional unit of 500 procedures. Monte Carlo simulations were used to estimate differences between trocar systems. Data are presented as medians and 2.5th to 97.5th percentiles. Financial costs were calculated using Life Cycle Costing.

Results
The single-use system had a 182% higher impact on resources than the reusable system [difference: 5160 MJ primary (4400–5770)]. The single-use system had a 379% higher impact on climate change than the reusable system [difference: 446 kg CO2eq (413–483)]. The single-use system had an 83% higher impact than the reusable system on ecosystem quality [difference: 79 PDF*m2*yr (24–112)] and a 240% higher impact on human health [difference: 2.4x10-4 DALY/person/yr (2.2x10-4-2.6x10-4)]. The mixed and single-use systems had a similar environmental impact. Differences between single-use and reusable trocars with regard to resource use and ecosystem quality were found to be sensitive to lower filling of machines in the sterilization process. For ecosystem quality the difference between the two were further sensitive to a 50% decrease in number of reuses, and to using a fossil fuel intensive electricity mix. Differences regarding effects on climate change and human health were robust in the sensitivity analyses. The reusable and mixed trocar systems were approximately half as expensive as the single-use systems (17360 € and 18560 € versus 37600 €, respectively).

Conclusion
In the Swedish healthcare system the reusable trocar system offers a robust opportunity to reduce both the environmental impact and financial costs for laparoscopic surgery.
Stratification of risk of atherosclerotic plaque using Hu’s moment invariants of segmented ultrasonic images
Authors: Balakrishnan Smitha , Joseph Paul K. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Myocardial infarction is one of the major life-threatening diseases. The cause is atherosclerosis i.e. the occlusion of the coronary artery by deposition of plaque on its walls. The severity of plaque deposition in the artery depends on the characteristics of the plaque. Hence, the classification of the type of plaque is crucial for assessing the risk of atherosclerosis and predicting the chances of myocardial infarction. This paper proposes prediction of atherosclerotic risk by non-invasive ultrasound image segmentation and textural feature extraction. The intima-media complex is segmented using a snakes-based segmentation algorithm on the arterial wall in the ultrasound images. Then, the plaque is extracted from the segmented intima-media complex. The features of the plaque are obtained by computing Hu’s moment invariants. Visual pattern recognition independent of position, size, orientation and parallel projection could be done using these moment invariants. For the classification of the features of the plaque, an SVM classifier is used. The performance shows improvement in accuracy using lesser number of features than previous works. The reduction in feature size is achieved by incorporating segmentation in the pre-processing stage. Tenfold cross-validation protocol is used for training and testing the classifier. An accuracy of 97.9% is obtained with only two features. This proposed technique could work as an adjunct tool in quick decision-making for cardiologists and radiologists. The segmentation step introduced in the preprocessing stage improved the feature extraction technique. An improvement in performance is achieved with much less number of features.
The golden alloy Cu5Zn5Al1Sn: effect of immersion time and anti-corrosion activity of cysteine in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution
Authors: Shinato Kebede W. , Huang Feifei , Jin Ying , Huang Siya 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The effect of cysteine on the corrosion characteristics of Cu5Zn5Al1Sn alloy in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution has been studied by electrochemical and surface characterization techniques in various immersion times. The results of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) revealed that the degradation of Cu5Zn5Al1Sn alloy occurred in 3.5 wt% NaCl and was aggravated with increasing immersion time. The results of inhibition efficiency calculated from EIS data showed that cysteine can act as an effective anti-corrosion substance, which was also proved by the less eroded morphology of the alloy surface observed on scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, the elemental analysis of alloy surfaces was investigated by Raman, electron dispersion spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), which confirmed the presence of S and N species. An adequate adsorption isotherm and inhibition mechanism was also suggested based on EIS results.