bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sexually mediated phenotypic variation within and between sexes as a continuum structured by ecology: The mosaic nature of skeletal variation across body regions in Threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.)
Authors: Schutz Heidi , Anderson Rebecca J. , Warwick Ethan G. , Barry Tegan N. , Jamniczky Heather A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEcological character displacement between the sexes, and sexual selection, integrate into a convergent set of factors that produce sexual variation. Ecologically modulated, sexually mediated variation within and between sexes may be a major contributor to the amount of total variation that selection can act on in species. Threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) display rapid adaptive responses and sexual variation in many phenotypic traits. We examined phenotypic variation in the skull, pectoral and pelvic girdles of threespine stickleback from two freshwater and two coastal marine sites on the Sunshine Coast of British Columbia, Canada, using an approach that avoids a priori assumptions about bimodal patterns of variation. We quantified shape and size of the cranial, pectoral and pelvic regions of sticklebacks in marine and freshwater habitats using 3D geometric morphometrics and an index of sexually mediated variation. We show that the expression of phenotypic variation is structured in part by the effects of both habitat marine vs freshwater and the effects of individual sites within each habitat. Relative size exerts variable influence, and patterns of phenotypic variation associated with sex vary among body regions. This fine‐grained quantification of sexually mediated variation in the context of habitat difference and different anatomical structures indicates a complex relationship between genetically inferred sex and environmental factors, demonstrating that the interplay between shared genetic background and sexually mediated, ecologically based selective pressures structures the phenotypic expression of complex traits.
Visceral fat loss by whole‐body electromyostimulation is attenuated in male and absent in female older Non‐Insulin‐Dependent diabetes patients
Authors: Houdijk Alexander P. J. , Bos Nanneke F. J. M. E. , Verduin Wouter M. , Hijdendaal Mick M. , Zwartkruis Michiel A. L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionType 2 diabetes and its reversal correlate with increases and decreases in visceral fat (VF). Resistance exercise reduces VF in healthy persons, but little is known in type 2 diabetes. Muscle contractions induced by whole‐body electromyostimulation (WB‐EMS) provide a very effective form of resistance training. We hypothesized that WB‐EMS reduces VF and improves plasma glucose measures in older non‐insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) males and females.MethodsA four‐arm age‐matched case control study was done on WB‐EMS twice a week in older NIDDM patients (27 males, 18 females) compared with controls (15 males, 15 females). VAT area (VAT, cm2), total fat mass (TFM, kg) and lean body mass (LBM, kg) were assessed by DEXA‐scanning. HbA1c, fasting glucose and plasma lipoproteins were measured at baseline and after 4 months.ResultsBaseline control VAT was higher in males than females (140.5 ± 35.6 vs. 96.7 ± 42.3, p < .001). In NIDDM, VAT was higher with no significant sex difference (206.5 ± 65.0 vs. 186.5 ± 60.5). In controls, WBEMS reduced VAT in males and females to similar extent (−16.9% and −16.4%, p < .001 vs. baseline) and in preference to TFM (−9.2% and −3.6%) or body weight loss (−2.8 and −2.1%). In NIDDM, VF loss was attenuated in males (−7.3%, p < .01) but completely absent in females. WBEMS reduced HbA1c and cholesterol and increased HDL levels (all p < .05) only in male NIDDMConclusionsWBEMS induced VF loss in healthy older males and females an effect strongly attenuated in male and completely absent in female NIDDM patients. This questions the effectiveness of muscle contraction‐induced VF lipolysis in NIDDM. Sex differences may dictate the success of resistance training in NIDDM, a subject that needs to be addressed in future studies.
A review of scenario planning for emissions in environmental assessments
Authors: Samanaseh Venmathy , Noor Zainura Zainon , Norasyiqin Siti , Hafizan Che , Mazlan Muhammad Amani , Michael Florianna Lendai 
Published: October 2022

AbstractVarious scenario classifications apply in an attempt to make the field of future studies easier to outline. This paper discusses the appropriateness of various creating, coordinating, and consistency procedures for creating specific emission scenarios in environmental assessments. The intuitive logics, story and simulation (SAS), social, technological, economic, environmental and political (STEEP), and La prospective models approaches are the five emission scenarios discussed in the paper analytically with their stages, storylines, steps, and building analysis. Every scenario method was examined and sorted into its separate benefits and limitations. Subsequently, the study selected the appropriate technique of emission scenario in environmental assessment with fulfilled scenario planning to deliver constructive scenarios. The study helps the aspiring designers by providing the fundamental guidance on the extensive change toward a sustainable environment.
Nutrient delivery by groundwater discharge to headwater streams in agricultural catchments
Authors: Van Stempvoort Dale R. , MacKay D. Ross , Collins Pamela , Koehler Geoff 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNutrient concentrations in riparian groundwater are variable from site to site, making it challenging to use these data to quantify nutrient fluxes contributed by groundwater discharge to headwater streams. Instead, we define event‐excluded baseflow (BFEE), and use stream discharge data and stream samples collected during BFEEto estimate groundwater discharge and loading of nutrients to the streams. Based on this method, in two study catchments (Thames River basin, Ontario, Canada) groundwater discharge during BFEEcontributed about 30% of the total streamflow and 20%–30% of the total loading of soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) and nitrate. Previous estimates of baseflow using hydrographic separation techniques indicate that groundwater discharge likely contributes even larger fractions, ~50%–60% of flow in these catchments. We infer that groundwater likely contributes ~40% of the annual SRP load and ~ 50%–60% of the nitrate‐N load. These results indicate that groundwater discharge plays an important role in the nutrient loading to headwater streams. This reinforces the findings of earlier studies that have inferred a dominant influence of legacy reservoirs of nutrients in the subsurface of similar agricultural catchments on the loads of these nutrients in headwater streams.
Effect of barbed suture versus conventional suture in laparo‐endoscopic single‐site cystectomy for ovarian mature cystic teratoma: An ambispective cohort study
Authors: Liang Yan , Liu Jinglan , Yu Yingying , Sun Junyan , Yang Siqin , Zhang Jian 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the effects of barbed suture (BS) and conventional suture (CS) on perioperative conditions and ovarian function in the excision of ovarian mature cystic teratoma (MCT) by laparo‐endoscopic single‐site surgery (LESS).MethodsThe present study is an ambispective cohort study conducted in an affiliated tertiary hospital between May 2019 and October 2020. Women treated by LESS cystectomy for unilateral ovarian MCT were included. BS or CS were applied in the surgery.ResultsBS and CS groups were matched 1:1 for age, body mass index and ovarian cyst volume (40 women per group). There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics. Mean operating time (53.89 ± 14.80 versuss 67.93 ± 19.23 min, P = 0.004) and suturing time (11.85 ± 6.68 versus 19.76 ± 12.75 min, P = 0.006) were significantly shorter in the BS group than the CS group. No significant differences were found in serum anti‐Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels between groups at baseline, postoperative day 1, 3 months, and 12 months. However, serum AMH was significantly lower than baseline at postoperative day 1, 3 months, and 12 months in both groups.ConclusionBS provides shorter operating and suturing time than CS, without increasing damage to ovarian function in LESS cystectomy for ovarian MCT.
Womenʼs attitude towards COVID‐19 vaccination in pregnancy: A survey study in northern Italy
Authors: Colciago Elisabetta , Capitoli Giulia , Vergani Patrizia , Ornaghi Sara 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate attitudes and risk perceptions towards the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) vaccine and reasons for hesitancy among pregnant women.MethodsA prospective survey study was conducted at a University Maternity Department. Participants included any pregnant woman aged 18 years or older, able to understand the Italian language, who accessed the antenatal clinic for a prenatal appointment. The survey comprised questions about sociodemographic characteristics, pregnancy vaccination history, and perception of risk related to the immunization for the woman herself and her infant.ResultsA total of 538 women completed the questionnaire, 445 (82.7%) accepted COVID‐19 vaccination. Women vaccinated against pertussis were three times more likely to take up the COVID‐19 vaccine (odds ratio [OR] 3.19; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.78–5.72). Having had COVID‐19 during pregnancy (OR 0.24; 95% CI 0.11–0.54), and having a high‐risk perception towards the immunization for the fetus (OR 0.18; 95% CI 0.09–0.34) were factors associated with vaccine hesitancy. Lack of safety data in pregnancy and the possibility of harm to the fetus were the main concerns.ConclusionA trusting and supportive relationship with the healthcare professional to address fears, and the transmission of evidence‐based information, are pivotal to guide women through an informed choice. Understanding the determinants implicated in women's decision making might guide towards effective public health strategies to boost vaccine acceptance.
Development and validation of a goal attainment scale for families affected by maternal substance use
Authors: Chiang Danielle F. , Siedlik Emily A. , Templeton Oneta J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe Team for Infants Exposed to Substance use (TIES) Program is a longstanding home‐based family support program that provides a multidisciplinary, community‐facing model to address the complex needs of families with young children affected by maternal substance use. The model required a comprehensive assessment tool to guide creation of individualized family goals with steps to achievement and measurement of progress on those goals. This article describes the development of a goal attainment scale and the analysis conducted to validate the scale for the service population. TIES model developers and community partners developed the goal attainment scale to assess outcomes in key domains: maternal substance use, parenting, child and maternal health, income, and housing. Data were collected from 2012 to 2019 from 220 participants and analyzed in 2020. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted. Twenty‐five of the original 30 items were retained in a six‐factor structure. The total percentage of variance explained was 64.44% with six factors, and Cronbach's alpha was .90. For the split‐half method, the reliability of scale was .90 for unbiased conditions. Therefore, the scale reached acceptable reliability and validity. The scale provides a comprehensive approach to measure family outcomes across multiple domains addressing key risk and protective factors. This family‐centered scale serves both therapeutic and evaluation purposes, acting as an intervention guide and a goal attainment measurement tool.
Fabrication of oxygen doped g‐C3N4 through the formation of a supramolecular precursor for the enhanced photocatalytic degradation of sulfonamides
Authors: Yao Jinhua , Fu Xiangyang , Chen Huan , Tang Rong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDGraphitic carbon nitrate (g‐C3N4) is considered a promising metal‐free photocatalyst. However, the applications of pristine g‐C3N4 are subject to the high recombination of electron‐hole pairs and low solar utilization. This study aimed to develop a unique and effective method to synthesize oxygen‐doped g‐C3N4 with enhanced photocatalytic activity for pollutant treatment.RESULTSOxygen‐doped g‐C3N4 photocatalysts (CN(M), CN(E), CN(I), and CN(P)) were successfully synthesized via the thermal polycondensation of a novel supramolecular precursor based on urea and monobasic alcohol, in which the urea and alcohol solvent can fully interact through a cross‐linking network fabricated by H‐bonding. The as‐prepared catalysts exhibited enhanced catalytic activity compared with g‐C3N4 on the photocatalytic oxidation of sulfanilamide antibiotics (SMR). The structure of alcohol has an influence on the amount of oxygen doping and on the catalytic activity of oxygen‐doped g‐C3N4; the optimized photocatalytic performance was achieved on CN(I). By combining characterization results, the improved catalytic activity was mainly ascribed to a certain amount of highly electronegative O atoms being doped into the tri‐s‐triazine units of g‐C3N4, which can optimize the basic chemical structure, thus improving light‐harvesting and increasing the separation rate of electron‐hole pairs. In addition, trapping experiments indicated that •O2− is the main active species in the photocatalytic degradation of sulfamethazine.CONCLUSIONThis work provides a facile and efficient approach for the fabrication of an O doped g‐C3N4 catalyst with promising photocatalytic performance on SMR degradation. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
A review of recent synthetic strategies and biological activities of isoxazole
Authors: Pandhurnekar Chandrashekhar P. , Pandhurnekar Himani C. , Mungole Arvind J. , Butoliya Suraj S. , Yadao Babita G. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAmong different heterocyclic compounds, isoxazole and their analogues are very important classes of heterocyclic compounds as they display an extensive range of biological actions. This makes such scaffolds very important structures in the field of medicinal chemistry. From an extensive literature assessment, isoxazole is clinically proven to be very effective as an anti‐bacterial, anti‐fungal, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐cancer, anti‐tubercular, and anti‐neoplastic agent. The different derivatives of isoxazole which exhibits adjustment in their structure have shown a high degree of variety in their medicinal properties which makes evident them as very beneficial in the progress of novel bioactive drugs which show enhanced effectiveness along with minor harmfulness. Structural aspects of isoxazole having aromaticity with weaker nitrogen‐oxygen bonding provide a potential site for the ring cleavage. Thus, this isoxazole ring system allows easier modifications of substituents in their ring structure which consequently make isoxazole very useful intermediates in various synthetic routes of bioactive compounds. Hence, the synthesis and evaluation of isoxazole‐containing molecules with wider therapeutic consequences are always the topic of interest for chemists. Hence, in light of this comprehensive research on isoxazole, it is thought worthwhile to review various pathways for the synthesis of isoxazole analogues and having a broad spectrum of bioactive actions.
Impact of prenatal cannabis exposure on functional connectivity of the salience network in children
Authors: Faraj Mohammed M. , Evanski Julia , Zundel Clara G. , Peters Craig , Brummelte Susanne , Lundahl Leslie , Marusak Hilary A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCannabis use among pregnant people has increased over the past decade. This is of concern as prenatal cannabis exposure (PCE) is associated with cognitive, motor, and social deficits among offspring. Here, we examined resting‐state functional connectivity (rsFC) of the salience network (SN)—a core neurocognitive network that integrates emotional and sensory information—in children with (vs. without) PCE. Using neuroimaging and developmental history data collected from 10,719 children (M ± SD = 9.92 ± 0.62 years; 47.9% female) from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study, we assessed the impact of parent‐reported PCE (before or after knowledge of pregnancy) on rsFC within and between the SN and five other core neurocognitive networks. We also evaluated whether SN rsFC mediated the association between PCE and child psychopathology. Results showed that PCE before (but not after) knowledge of pregnancy was associated with lower SN‐ventral attention network (VAN) rsFC. Furthermore, psychotic‐like experiences mediated the association between PCE and SN‐VAN rsFC, and reversal of the model was also significant, such that SN‐VAN rsFC mediated the association between PCE and psychotic‐like symptoms. However, these mediation effects were no longer significant after the inclusion of covariates. Taken together, these findings suggest that developmental alterations in SN‐VAN interactions may explain the previously reported association between PCE and elevated risk of child psychopathology.
Influence of climate variability on sea level rise and its teleconnection with sea surface temperature anomalies over the Indo‐Pacific Ocean
Authors: Kumar Prashant , Sardana Divya , Weller Evan , Bhaskaran Prasad K. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRising sea levels pose a potential threat to the low‐lying regions for the countries that surround the Indo‐Pacific belt. Changes in sea level and its variability are intrinsically connected with sea surface temperature (SST) variations and associated wind field patterns in the Indo‐Pacific Ocean (IPO). SST‐based climate variability modes such as El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) tend to influence the sea level variability over the IPO significantly. The impact of climate variability modes on SLA, SST, and wind speed is examined by using regression analysis. The study considered two different datasets, namely the AVISO SLA and reconstructed SSHA from 1993 to 2019 and 1952 to 2009, respectively. SLA and SST both exhibit a decreasing trend from 1997 to 2007 year‐round; however, by the next decade (2008–2018), an overall increasing trend is evident in both parameters throughout the year. The influence of independent ENSO after removing the PDO signal (ENSO|PDO) on SLA and SST exhibits statistically significant increases over the eastern PO, western tropical IO, but decreases over the AS, eastern IO, and western PO during DJF. SLA response to IOD removing ENSO (IOD|ENSO) during SON includes increases over western to central tropical IO, and decreases over the AS extending up to eastern IO. Lastly, for the PDO influence in DJF, statistically significant increases in SLA are evident over the north PO extending up to eastern PO; however, PDO|ENSO influence over SLA exhibits similar but significantly reduced amplitudes. Composite analysis of different phase combinations of PDO (IOD) with El Niño (La Niña) exhibits stronger (weaker) influences during DJF (SON) season.
Smart pH‐sensitive films based on biomaterials: Preparation from soy protein with hybrid fillers of CuO nanorods, cellulose nanofibrils, and Clitoria ternatea anthocyanin
Authors: Koshy Rekha Rose , Mary Siji K. , Reghunadhan Arunima , Pothen Laly A. , Thomas Sabu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe environmental concern about plastic consumption always rises the need for alternate materials. Plastics being widely employed in the food packaging and hence highly demands such alternatives. The toxicity and pollution produced by the conventional petroleum‐based plastics can be reduced by the usage of bioplastics. The area of food packaging using various biopolymer composites has grown much and is developing new materials by incorporating various nanofillers, especially based on green synthesis approach. This study focuses on the usage of soy protein isolate as a matrix for such films and uses copper nanomaterials and cellulose as reinforcing agent.ResultsAn active and intelligent bio nanocomposite thin film based on soy protein isolate (SPI) was prepared. Copper oxide nanorods(CuONRs) were synthesised from ascorbic acid and honey, cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) were extracted from the Acasiacaesia using steam explosion technique and anthocyanin was extracted from Clitoria ternatea flower (CTE). The effect of the addition of CuONR (5%, 10%), CNF (10%), and CTE (7%) on the physiomechanical, barrier, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties of the films was investigated. SEM showed uniform distribution of CuONR/CNF/CTE in the SPI matrix.ConclusionThe addition of CuO and CNF was found to effectively increase the mechanical property, thermal stability, and decrease the moisture content percentage of the films. In contrast, the addition of CTE made the film pH‐sensitive. SPI‐CuONR/CNF/CTE films showed good antioxidants and antibacterial properties. Fabricated film could act both as a pH sensor for detecting the evolution of acidic and basic gases and as active packaging material to extend the shelf life of food materials.
Two‐invariant modular implicit plasticity solver framework for geomechanical simulators
Authors: Santos Erick Slis Raggio , de Souza Neto Eduardo Alberto 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA modular, computationally efficient integration framework for two‐invariant‐based elastoplastic constitutive models is proposed. It is designed to allow a range of constitutive models to be incorporated with minimal programming effort. The development is intended for efficient numerical schemes in large‐scale geomechanical simulations. The modular format consists of four components: isotropic elastic relation, isotropic yield criterion, two‐invariant smooth flow potential plastic flow rule and isotropic hardening law. Linear and non‐linear bulk elasticity are considered. For the non‐linear case, a numerical assessment of the accuracy of bulk elasticity integration schemes is presented, where pure Euler and semi‐analytical integrators are compared. The deviatoric component of the elastic law considers both the constant shear modulus and constant Poisson's ratio models. The combination of the classic Terzaghi compaction law with different bulk elasticity models may lead to a physical inconsistency, which is removed by a straightforward modification of the hardening law. When used in conjunction with the proposed bulk elasticity models, it results in a family of compaction laws that significantly reshape the normal compaction line – a fact that seems to have been overlooked in the literature. The main contributions concerning the plasticity integrator are: a novel integration scheme that considers the variation of specific volume within each step; and a condensed system comprising two scalar return‐mapping equations. A Modified Cam‐Clay (MCC) model is used in the assessments. A comparison with an existing, well‐known algorithm is also provided and, in spite of its modularity/generality, the proposed scheme is shown to yield significant computational gains.