bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of intra‐axonal kurtosis on fiber orientation density functions estimated with fiber ball imaging
Authors: Jensen Jens H. 
Published: April 2022

PurposeTo determine the impact of an intra‐axonal kurtosis on estimates of the fiber orientation density function (fODF) obtained with fiber ball imaging (FBI).Theory and MethodsStandard FBI assumes Gaussian diffusion within individual axons and estimates the fODF by applying an inverse generalized Funk transform to diffusion MRI data for b‐values of 4000 s/mm2 or higher. However, recent work based on numeric simulations shows that diffusion inside axons is non‐Gaussian with an intra‐axonal kurtosis of ∼ 0.4. Here, the theory underlying FBI is extended to incorporate an intra‐axonal kurtosis. This is done to first order in the intra‐axonal kurtosis without making assumptions about the details of the diffusion dynamics and to all orders for a specific model based on a gamma distribution of diffusivities. The first order approximation is used to assess the effect of an intra‐axonal kurtosis on FBI estimates for the fODF and axonal water fraction. The gamma distribution model is used to test the validity of the approximation.ResultsThe first order approximation indicates the estimated fODF is altered by a few percent for an intra‐axonal kurtosis of 0.4 in comparison to predictions of standard FBI. If one neglects the intra‐axonal kurtosis, the angular resolution of the point spread function for the fODF is changed by <1°, whereas the axonal water fraction is overestimated by ∼ 5%. The gamma distribution model shows that the first order approximation is accurate to within a few percent.ConclusionThe intra‐axonal kurtosis has a small impact on fODFs estimated with FBI.
Influencing factors of burnout and its dimensions among mental health workers during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Zhu Hongjin , Xie Shiqi , Liu Xiaolin , Yang Xiaoyun , Zhou Jianrong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimTo examine the demographic and work characteristics of mental health workers associated with burnout during the COVID‐19 epidemic and to examine the relationship between burnout and humanistic care ability.DesignOnline cross‐sectional design.Methods270 mental health workers in Chongqing, China, were recruited via WeChat from 1 to 31 December 2020. Online self‐administered questionnaires were used to collect data. Data were analyzed by t‐tests and one‐way analyses of variance, Pearson's correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression analysis.ResultsDuring the COVID‐19 pandemic, mental health workers had a high prevalence of burnout and a low level of humanistic care ability. Work factors including profession, work shift, work pressure, work‐family conflict, practice environment satisfaction, salary satisfaction, and humanistic care ability were significantly associated with burnout and its subdimension.
In situ one‐step fabrication of layered double hydroxide deposited on cellulose: Effect of modified cellulose on physical properties of polyurethane composites
Authors: Viscusi Gianluca , D'Amico Francesca , Gorrasi Giuliana 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe article reports the fabrication of cellulose‐layered double hydroxide (LDH) obtained by urea hydrolysis method. A wide characterization was carried out to assess the morphological, spectroscopic and barrier properties of LDH modified cellulose. The cellulose‐LDH was then used as hybrid reinforcement in polyurethane (PU) composites. A slight improvement in thermal stability of PU was achieved and a better hydrophilicity was obtained, due to the intrinsic polarity of LDH. Elastic modulus of PU composites increased up to 48 MPa for a filler loading of 10% wt. Finally, UV barrier properties were studied in the range 280–700 nm. The produced composite showed a noticeable decrease in light transmission as the reinforcement content increase, displaying high light‐blocking properties with a quasi‐total resistance to transmission in UV range.
Preparation and UV‐curing properties of oxazolidine‐2‐one based acrylates
Authors: Liu Qiaoyang , Mei Wantong , Zhou Hongyong , Wang Jiaxi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThree oxazolidine‐2‐one based acrylates monomers were synthesized by the reaction of oxazolidine‐2‐one with 1,6‐hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA), neopentyl glycol diacrylate (NPGDA) and trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA). The molecular structures of the products were characterized by FT‐IR, 1H NMR and electrospray ionization high resolution mass spectrometry (ESI‐HRMS). The photo‐polymerization kinetics of the synthesized oxazolidine‐2‐one based acrylates were investigated by real‐time infrared spectroscopy. The results showed that the oxazolidine‐2‐one based acrylates with 1 wt% 2‐isopropylthioxanthone (ITX) could be cured to form a transparent film under UV irradiation. The UV curing speed of oxazolidine‐2‐one based acrylates with 1 wt% ITX was better than that of TMPTA with 1 wt% ITX and 3 wt% ethyl 4‐(dimethylamino) benzoate (EDB) as co‐initiator. Based on the HRMS analysis of oligomers extracted from the UV‐cured film, the plausible photopolymerization mechanism was proposed. The synthesized monomer formula with CN996 resin can be 3D printed forming various models with smooth surface, good accuracy, excellent thermal stability and 99.4% gel content.
Using controlled radiolysis of melamine to reinforce melamine‐urea‐formaldehyde resin impregnated wood
Authors: Zheng An , Tang Yingying , Zhang Mingxin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe effect of electron beam (EB) irradiation (0 to 80 kGy) on the mechanical properties of melamine‐urea‐formaldehyde (MUF) impregnated wood prepared from Pinus sylvestris is investigated. The results of the compressive strength parallel to grain measurement demonstrate EB irradiation can enhance the mechanical properties of MUF impregnated wood, with optimal results achieved at 20 kGy. Additionally, the formaldehyde emission of impregnated wood has been significantly reduced. This enhancement is promoted by the dispersibility and crosslinking efficiency of melamine in the dealkylation stage under low‐dose irradiation. However, the deamination and the destruction of triazine ring becomes significant at higher irradiation dosage, resulting in deterioration of mechanical properties as demonstrated by Raman spectroscopy,13C‐NMR, and SEM.
Solanum galapagense‐derived purple tomato fruit color is conferred by novel alleles of the anthocyanin fruit and atroviolacium loci
Authors: Fenstemaker Sean , Sim Leah , Cooperstone Jessica , Francis David 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOne hypothesis for the origin of endemic species of tomato on the Galápagos islands postulates a hybridization of Solanum pimpinellifolium and Solanum habrochaites. Solanum galapagense accession LA1141 has purple fruit pigmentation, previously described in green‐fruited wild tomatoes such as S. habrochaites or Solanum chilense. Characterization of LA1141 derived purple pigmentation provides a test of the hybridization hypothesis. Purple pigmentation was recovered in progenies derived from LA1141, and the anthocyanins malvidin 3(coumaroyl)rutinoside‐5‐glucoside, petunidin 3‐(coumaroyl) rutinoside‐5‐glucoside, and petunidin 3‐(caffeoyl)rutinoside‐5‐glucoside were abundant. Fruit color was evaluated in an introgression population, and three quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were mapped and validated in subsequent populations. The loci atroviolacium on chromosome 7, Anthocyanin fruit on chromosome 10, and uniform ripening also on chromosome 10 underly these QTLs. Sequence analysis suggested that the LA1141 alleles of Aft and atv are unique relative to those previously described from S. chilense accession LA0458 and Solanum cheesmaniae accession LA0434, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of the LA1141 Aft genomic sequence did not support a green‐fruited origin, and the locus clustered with members of the red‐fruited tomato clade. The LA1141 allele of Aft is not the result of an ancient introgression from the green‐fruited clade and underlies a gain of anthocyanin pigmentation in the red‐fruited clade.
A note on an enhanced dynamic authentication scheme for mobile satellite communication systems
Authors: Kumar Uddeshaya , Garg Manish 
Published: April 2022

SummaryRecently, Yulei Chen and Jianhua Chen (An enchanced dynamic authentication scheme for mobile satellite communication systems. Int J Satell Commun Netw. 2020; 39(3): 250‐262) presented an enhanced dynamic authentication scheme for mobile satellite communication systems in 2020. The authors found that there is a flaw in the authentication phase of the scheme proposed by Yulei Chen and Jianhua Chen's scheme. Due to this flaw, user is unable to authenticate to NCC (network control center) and also fails to establish the session key with NCC. In this paper, the authors improved the Yulei Chen and Jianhua Chen's scheme. In the proposed scheme, it is shown that user is able to authenticate to NCC (network control center) and also establish the session key with NCC. The authors also demonstrate that the computation cost and communication cost are also decreased.
Who can claim innovation and benefit from it? Gender and expectancy violations in reward‐based crowdfunding
Authors: Seigner Benedikt David Christian , Milanov Hana , McKenny Aaron F. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractResearch SummaryAlthough reward‐based crowdfunding is lauded for its promise to democratize funding for innovation, claiming innovation in campaign texts has an ambiguous link to crowdfunding performance. We draw from Expectancy Violations Theory (EVT) and, in a field study of 2,185 Kickstarter campaigns, find that innovation claims yield better fundraising performance for women than men, particularly in male‐stereotyped categories. An experiment did not identify the expected indirect effects of innovation claims on crowdfunding performance through ability trustworthiness. However, it revealed that women are perceived as more able when launching campaigns in male‐stereotyped categories, suggesting that EVT and ability perceptions may still play an important but unhypothesized role. We extend research on the role of gender in crowdfunding and strategic entrepreneurship and make several suggestions for future research.Managerial SummaryThe value of making innovation claims in reward‐based crowdfunding is ambiguous, creating an unclear picture of how entrepreneurs should present new products on these platforms. In a field study of 2,185 Kickstarter campaigns, we show that female entrepreneurs benefit more from making innovation claims than their male peers, especially in male‐dominated categories. While we suggested that these effects occur due to differences in backers' perceptions of the entrepreneur's ability, this mechanism was not supported in an experiment. However, we found that women are perceived as more able when launching crowdfunding campaigns in male‐dominated industry categories. Taken together, our research suggests that in reward‐based crowdfunding, women might benefit from violating gender expectations when backers view these violations as either positive or ambiguous.
Phase‐Selective Synthesis of Ruthenium Phosphide in Hybrid Structure Enables Efficient Hybrid Water Electrolysis Under pH‐Universal Conditions
Authors: Qian Qizhu , Wang Wentao , Wang Gongrui , He Xiaoyue , Feng Yafei , Li Ziyun , Zhu Yin , Zhang Yangyang , Zhang Genqiang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHydrazine‐assisted hybrid water electrolysis is an energy‐saving approach to produce high‐purity hydrogen, whereas the development of pH‐universal bifunctional catalysts encounters a grand challenge. Herein, a phase‐selective synthesis of ruthenium phosphide compounds hybrid with carbon forming pancake‐like particles (denoted as RuxP/C‐PAN, x = 1 or 2) is presented. The obtained RuP/C‐PAN exhibits the highest catalytic activity among the control samples, delivering ultralow cell voltages of 0.03, 0.27, and 0.65 V to drive 10 mA cm−2 using hybrid water electrolysis corresponding to pH values of 14, 7, and 0, respectively. Theoretical calculation deciphers that the RuP phase displays optimized free energy for hydrogen adsorption and reduced energy barrier for hydrazine dehydrogenation. This work may not only open up a new avenue in exploring universally compatible catalyst to transcend the limitation on the pH value of electrolytes, but also push forward the development of an energy‐saving hydrogen generation technique based on emerging hybrid water electrolysis.
Rational Regulation of the Molecular Aggregation Enables A Facile Blade‐Coating Process of Large‐area All‐Polymer Solar Cells with Record Efficiency
Authors: Chen Dong , Liu Siqi , Huang Bin , Oh Jiyeon , Wu Feiyan , Liu Jiabin , Yang Changduk , Chen Lie , Chen Yiwang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDeveloping robust materials is very critical and faces a big challenge for high‐performance large‐area all‐polymer solar cells (all‐PSCs) by printing methods. Herein, the authors combine the advantages of the terpolymerization strategy with the non‐conjugated backbone strategy to regulate the molecular aggregation rationally during the film‐forming printing process, facilitating a facile printing process for large‐area all‐PSCs. A series of terpolymer acceptors PYSe‐Clx (x = 0, 10, 20, and 30) is also developed, which can effectively fine‐tune the morphology and photoelectric properties of the active layer. The PBDB‐T: PYSe‐Cl20‐based all‐PSC delivers a significantly improved power cconversion efficiency (PCE) than the one with PBDB‐T: PYSe (14.21% vs 12.45%). By addition of a small amount of non‐conjugated polymer acceptor PTClo‐Y, the ternary all‐PSC reaches a PCE of 15.26%. More importantly, the regulation of molecular aggregation enables a facile blade‐coating process of the large‐area device. A record PCE of 13.81% for large‐area devices (1.21 cm2) is obtained, which is the highest value for large‐area all‐PSCs fabricated by blade‐coating. The environmentally friendly solvent processed large‐area device also obtains an excellent performance of 13.21%. This work provides a simple and effective molecular design strategy of robust materials for high‐performance large‐area all‐PSCs by a printing process.
Graphene Quantum Dots Pinned on Nanosheets‐Assembled NiCo‐LDH Hollow Micro‐Tunnels: Toward High‐Performance Pouch‐Type Supercapacitor via the Regulated Electron Localization
Authors: Zhao Tingting , Liu Cong , Meng Tao , Deng Wenyue , Zheng Lihong , Yi Fenyun , Gao Aimei , Shu Dong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA combined delicate micro‐/nano‐architecture and corresponding surface modification at the nanometer level can co‐tailor the physicochemical properties to realize an advanced supercapacitor electrode material. Herein, nanosheets‐assembled nickel‐cobalt‐layered double hydroxide (NiCo‐LDH) hollow micro‐tunnels strongly coupled with higher‐Fermi‐level graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are reported. The unique hollow structure endows the electrolyte accessible to more electroactive sites, while 2D nanosheets have excellent surface chemistry, which favors rapid ion/electron transfer, synergistically resulting in more super‐capacitive activities. The experimental and density functional theory calculations recognize that such a precise decoration generally tunes the charge density distribution at the near‐surface due to the Fermi‐level difference of two components, thus regulating the electron localization, while decorating with conductive GQDs co‐improves the charge mobility, affording superior capacitive response and electrode integrity. The as‐acquired GQDs@LDH‐2 electrode yields excellent capacitance reaching ≈1628 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 and durable cycling longevity (86.2% capacitive retention after 8000 cycles). When coupled with reduced graphene oxide‐based negative electrode, the hybrid device unveils an impressive energy/power density (46 Wh kg−1/ 7440 W kg−1); moreover, a flexible pouch‐type supercapacitor can be constructed based on this hybrid system, which holds high mechanical properties and stable energy and power output at various situations, showcasing superb application prospects.
Study on the shear concentration in high‐rise buildings with transfer structure and its effects on seismic performance
Authors: Jin Chenhua , Wu Chang , Pan Zuanfeng , Meng Shaoping 
Published: April 2022

SummaryThe architectural complexity and multifunctional requirements for modern high‐rise buildings usually lead to the utilization of combined structural systems, which typically consists of shear walls in higher zones while frames–core walls in lower zones. To fulfill reasonable load transfer between the different structural forms, transfer structures are commonly introduced in high‐rise buildings. However, the abrupt conversion in structural form usually causes shear concentration effect in the exterior walls just above the transfer structure, which is particularly vulnerable to seismic loading. In this paper, finite element models based on several types of practical high‐rise buildings were presented and analyzed to simulate the shear concentration effect in exterior walls. It was verified that the assumption of infinite stiffness in transfer structures will lead to underestimation of the shear concentration effect. The local deformations of transfer structures were demonstrated to be a key factor to scale the shear concentration. A scale factor of the shear concentration in the shear walls (SCSF) which can measure the intensity of shear concentration was defined. Parametric studies were carried out to provide insight on the influence factors of shear concentration. The results indicated that the SCSF only related to the difference between the rotation of external walls and center walls. Based on time‐history analysis, the influence of SCSF on the seismic performance of high‐rise buildings with transfer structures was studied. The results indicated that decreasing of SCSF can control the local damage caused by shear concentration, thereby improving the seismic performance of the structure.
Dowel pinning in phalangeal fractures
Authors: Kornmayer Matthias , Meyer‐Lindenberg Andrea 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe objective of this case series was to report the outcome of a new technique for the surgical treatment of phalangeal fractures in cats and dogs. Medical records of cats and dogs presented with phalangeal fractures and treated with dowel pinning were retrospectively reviewed. Cases were included when a clinical examination and a radiographic follow‐up evaluation of at least 6 months were available. Complications during the healing period and the final radiographic and functional outcome were analysed. Two cats and six dogs fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Closed fractures of a single phalanx predominated. All fractures were diaphyseal, transverse and displaced. Malunions occurred in two dogs. Complete functional union was achieved in all cases at the final follow‐up. In conclusion, Dowel pinning was found to be an effective treatment for displaced, diaphyseal fractures of the proximal and the middle phalanx and a viable alternative to digit amputation.
Prediction of 5‐day biochemical oxygen demand in the Buriganga River of Bangladesh using novel hybrid machine learning algorithms
Authors: Nafsin Nabila , Li Jin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBiochemical oxygen demand (BOD) is one of the most important variables indicating stream pollution with a severe condition of organic loading and maintaining aquatic life in ecosystems. Advanced monitoring techniques such as machine learning (ML) methods have been developed for an accurate, reliable, and cost‐effective prediction of BOD. This study investigated the effectiveness of four stand‐alone ML algorithms, namely, artificial neural network (ANN), support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), and gradient boosting machine (GBM), and six novel hybrid algorithms, namely, RF‐SVM, ANN‐SVM, GBM‐SVM, RF‐ANN, GBM‐ANN, and RF‐GBM, in predicting BOD of the Buriganga river system of Bangladesh. The feature importance analysis of RF algorithm indicated that chemical oxygen demand (COD), total dissolved solids (TDS), conductivity, total solids (TS), suspended solids (SS), and turbidity are the most influential parameters for predicting BOD5. The significance of this study is the application of the novel hybrid models that resulted in higher prediction success; RF‐SVM with the highest R2 value (0.908). The employed novel hybrid ML models can be particularly useful for efficient and systematic data management, water pollution control, and prevention in developing countries such as Bangladesh.Practitioner Points

Investigated the efficiency of four stand‐alone and six novel hybrid ML models for predicting BOD in a river of Bangladesh.
The significance of this study is the application of the six novel hybrid models that resulted in higher prediction success.
The best three prediction models were RF‐SVM, ANN‐SVM, and GBM‐SVM with a prediction success of 91%, 89.6%, and 88.8% respectively.
ML models indicated COD, conductivity, TDS, TS, SS, and turbidity as the most influential variables for predicting BOD.
The novel hybrid models can be useful for developing countries for efficient systematic data management, pollution control, and prevention strategies.
Virtual Populations for Quantitative Systems Pharmacology Models
Authors: Cheng Yougan , Straube Ronny , Alnaif Abed E. , Huang Lu , Leil Tarek A. , Schmidt Brian J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractQuantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) places an emphasis on dynamic systems modeling, incorporating considerations from systems biology modeling and pharmacodynamics. The goal of QSP is often to quantitatively predict the effects of clinical therapeutics, their combinations, and their doses on clinical biomarkers and endpoints. In order to achieve this goal, strategies for incorporating clinical data into model calibration are critical. Virtual population (VPop) approaches facilitate model calibration while faced with challenges encountered in QSP model application, including modeling a breadth of clinical therapies, biomarkers, endpoints, utilizing data of varying structure and source, capturing observed clinical variability, and simulating with models that may require more substantial computational time and resources than often found in pharmacometrics applications. VPops are frequently developed in a process that may involve parameterization of isolated pathway models, integration into a larger QSP model, incorporation of clinical data, calibration, and quantitative validation that the model with the accompanying, calibrated VPop is suitable to address the intended question or help with the intended decision. Here, we introduce previous strategies for developing VPops in the context of a variety of therapeutic and safety areas: metabolic disorders, drug-induced liver injury, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. We introduce methodological considerations, prior work for sensitivity analysis and VPop algorithm design, and potential areas for future advancement. Finally, we give a more detailed application example of a VPop calibration algorithm that illustrates recent progress and many of the methodological considerations. In conclusion, although methodologies have varied, VPop strategies have been successfully applied to give valid clinical insights and predictions with the assistance of carefully defined and designed calibration and validation strategies. While a uniform VPop approach for all potential QSP applications may be challenging given the heterogeneity in use considerations, we anticipate continued innovation will help to drive VPop application for more challenging cases of greater scale while developing new rigorous methodologies and metrics.
Methode für Studie 2
Authors: Hettmann Maximilian 
Published: April 2022

Zusammenfassungwurden Unterrichtsstunden von Studierenden der Experimentalgruppe für eine Annäherung an die Unterrichtsrealität videografiert und ausgewertet. Der zentrale Fokus liegt dabei auf Unterstützungssituationen im Rahmen des Förderunterrichts. Es werden Unterstützungsmuster identifiziert und beschrieben, mit denen solche Unterstützungssituationen klassifiziert werden können.