bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coastal honeycombs (Tuscany, Italy): Moisture distribution, evaporation rate, tensile strength, and origin
Authors: Mareš Jakub , Bruthans Jiří , Weiss Tomáš , Filippi Michal 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCavernous weathering (honeycombs, tafoni) is a common weathering feature of both natural and artificial exposures. Honeycombs are known from various environments but are best developed in coastal areas. There are several theories as to their origin, with salt weathering currently being the most favoured by the geomorphological community. To test if the drying pattern of salt‐laden moisture results in honeycombs (the theory of Huinink et al., Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 29(10), 1225–1233, 2004), coastal honeycombs in the metasandstone of Tuscany (Italy) were studied both in the field and with a laboratory evaporation experiment. The depth of the evaporation front was measured by the ‘uranine‐probe’ method in the honeycomb pits and lips. The evaporation rate was calculated from the depth of the evaporation front as well as the climatic conditions at the study site. Lastly, the amounts of precipitated salts were estimated based on the evaporation rate of seawater. In the evaporation experiment, the evaporation front retreated faster in the lips than in the pits, and the field measured evaporation front was closer to the surface in the pits (2 mm) than in the lips (7 mm). Thus, the calculated evaporation rate was higher in the pits than in the lips (16.1 and 4.6 mm/yr, respectively). Similarly, the amount of salts precipitated was also higher in the pits (0.7 kg/m2/yr compared to 0.2 kg/m2/yr in lips). Faster salt deposition in the pits as well as the evaporation front position fits well with the theory of Huinink et al. Based on surface tensile strength measurements, case hardening is not protecting the honeycomb lips.
Contact
Authors: Narayanan Sandhya Krittika 
Published: February 2022

AbstractContact refers to the moment of encounter between different populations, and the social, cultural, and linguistic negotiations that ensue. It refers back to a specific time and place when difference and “otherness” is constructed. As a feminist keyword, "contact" can help us critically interrogate various axes of difference, and the conditions that enabled their emergence. Through the meeting of different populations and groups, it demands attention to issues of power and its role in shaping and enacting “othered” identities. It entails both larger, macro‐historical events, and smaller moments of face‐to‐face, intersubjective interactions. Fundamentally, contact is about social change and the potential for it. Social change is interactionally emergent from the contestations that occur between individuals and groups in contact with each other. But the potential for change via contact can also help us see alternative possibilities, allowing us to push against existing typologies, universals, and binaries so that we can better capture the dynamic fluidity of social identities and group boundaries
Delirium detection methodologies: Implications for outcome measurement in clinical trials in postoperative delirium
Authors: Oh Esther S. , Rosenberg Paul B. , Wang Nae‐Yuh , Sieber Frederick E. , Neufeld Karin J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveDelirium is a common postoperative complication of hip fracture. Various methods exist to detect delirium as a reference standard. The goal of this study was to characterize the properties of the measures obtained in a randomized controlled trial, to document their relationship to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders:Text Revision based diagnosis of postoperative delirium by a consensus panel, and to describe the method in detail to allow replication by others.MethodsA secondary analysis of the randomized trial STRIDE (A Strategy to Reduce the Incidence of Postoperative Delirium in Elderly Patients) was conducted. Delirium assessments were performed in 200 consecutive hip fracture repair patients ≥65 years old. Assessors underwent extensive training in delirium assessment and the final delirium diagnosis was adjudicated by a consensus panel of three physicians with expertise in delirium assessment.ResultsA total of 680 consensus panel delirium diagnoses were completed. There were only 19 (2.8%, 19/678) evaluations where the delirium adjudication by the consensus panel differed from delirium findings by the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM). In 16 (84%, 16/19) of the cases, CAM was negative but the consensus panel diagnosed the patient as having delirium based on all of the available information including the CAM.ConclusionThe consensus panel diagnosis was more sensitive compared to CAM alone, however the magnitude of the difference was not large. When assessors are well trained and delirium assessments are closely supervised throughout the study, CAM may be adequate for delirium diagnosis in a clinical trial. Future studies are needed to test this hypothesis.
Randomized placebo‐controlled trial of losartan for pediatric NAFLD
Authors: Vos Miriam B. , Van Natta Mark L. , Blondet Niviann M. , Dasarathy Srinivasan , Fishbein Mark , Hertel Paula , Jain Ajay K. , Karpen Saul J. , Lavine Joel E. , Mohammad Saeed , Miriel Laura A. , Molleston Jean P. , Mouzaki Marialena , Sanyal Arun , Sharkey Emily P. , Schwimmer Jeffrey B. , Tonascia James , Wilson Laura A. , Xanthakos Stavra A. ,   NASH Clinical Research Network
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background and Aims
To date, no pharmacotherapy exists for pediatric NAFLD. Losartan, an angiotensin II receptor blocker, has been proposed as a treatment due to its antifibrotic effects.

Approach and Results
The Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Clinical Research Network conducted a multicenter, double‐masked, placebo‐controlled, randomized clinical trial in children with histologically confirmed NAFLD at 10 sites (September 2018 to April 2020). Inclusion criteria were age 8–17 years, histologic NAFLD activity score ≥ 3, and serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ≥ 50 U/l. Children received 100 mg of losartan or placebo orally once daily for 24 weeks. The primary outcome was change in ALT levels from baseline to 24 weeks, and the preset sample size was n = 110. Treatment effects were assessed using linear regression of change in treatment group adjusted for baseline value. Eighty‐three participants (81% male, 80% Hispanic) were randomized to losartan (n = 43) or placebo (n = 40). During an enrollment pause, necessitated by the 2019 coronavirus pandemic, an unplanned interim analysis showed low probability (7%) of significant group difference. The Data and Safety Monitoring Board recommended early study termination.
Baseline characteristics were similar between groups. The 24‐week change in ALT did not differ significantly between losartan versus placebo groups (adjusted mean difference: 1.1 U/l; 95% CI = −30.6, 32.7; p = 0.95), although alkaline phosphatase decreased significantly in the losartan group (adjusted mean difference: −23.4 U/l; 95% CI = −41.5, −5.3; p = 0.01). Systolic blood pressure decreased in the losartan group but increased in placebo (adjusted mean difference: −7.5 mm Hg; 95% CI = −12.2, −2.8; p = 0.002). Compliance by pill counts and numbers and types of adverse events did not differ by group.

Conclusions
Losartan did not significantly reduce ALT in children with NAFLD when compared with placebo.
Palbociclib plus endocrine therapy significantly enhances overall survival of HR+/HER2− metastatic breast cancer patients compared to endocrine therapy alone in the second‐line setting: A large institutional study
Authors: Ha Min Jin , Singareeka Raghavendra Akshara , Kettner Nicole M. , Qiao Wei , Damodaran Senthil , Layman Rachel M. , Hunt Kelly K. , Shen Yu , Tripathy Debu , Keyomarsi Khandan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCyclin‐dependent‐kinase‐4/6 inhibitor (CDK4/6i) plus endocrine therapy (ET) is standard of care for patients with advanced hormone receptor (HR)‐positive, HER2‐negative breast cancer (BC). The Breast Medical Oncology database at MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC) was analyzed to assess effectiveness of the CDK4/6i palbociclib plus ET compared to ET alone. From a total of 5402 advanced HR+ HER2− BC patients referred to MDACC between 1997 and 2020, we identified eligible patients who received palbociclib in combination with first‐line (n = 778) and second‐line (n = 410) ET. We further identified “control” patients who received ET alone in the first‐line (n = 2452) and second‐line (n = 1183) settings. Propensity score matching analysis was conducted to balance baseline demographic and clinical characteristics between palbociclib and control cohorts to assess the effect of palbociclib treatment on progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). For propensity‐matched‐cohort in the first‐line setting (n = 708), palbociclib group had significantly longer median PFS (17.4 vs 11.1 months; P < .0001) compared to controls. Median OS (44.3 vs 40.2 months) did not show a statistically significant benefit in the first line setting. However, in the second‐line setting, with 380 propensity‐matched‐cohort, the palbociclib group had significantly longer PFS (10 vs 5 months, P < .0001) as well as OS (33 vs 24 months; P < .022), compared to controls. We conclude that in this single center analysis of a large cohort of metastatic HR+ HER2− BC patients, palbociclib in combination with ET was associated with improved PFS in both first‐line and second‐line settings and OS in the second‐line setting compared to ET alone cohort.
Weighted model‐based optoacoustic reconstruction for partial‐view geometries
Authors: Muhammad Marwan , Prakash Jaya , Liapis Evangelos , Ntziachristos Vasilis , Jüstel Dominik 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAcoustic heterogeneities in biological samples are known to cause artifacts in tomographic optoacoustic (photoacoustic) image reconstruction. A statistical weighted model‐based reconstruction approach was previously introduced to mitigate such artifacts. However, this approach does not reliably provide high‐quality reconstructions for partial‐view imaging systems, which are common in preclinical and clinical optoacoustics. In this article, the capability of the weighted model‐based algorithm is extended to generate optoacoustic reconstructions with less distortions for partial‐view geometry data. This is achieved by manipulating the weighting scheme based on the detector geometry. Using partial‐view optoacoustic tomography data from a tissue‐mimicking phantom containing a strong acoustic reflector, tumors grafted onto mice, and a mouse brain with intact skull, the proposed partial‐view‐corrected weighted model‐based algorithm is shown to mitigate reflection artifacts in reconstructed images without distorting structures or boundaries, compared with both conventional model‐based and the weighted model‐based algorithms. It is also demonstrated that the partial‐view‐corrected weighted model‐based algorithm has the additional advantage of suppressing streaking artifacts due to the partial‐view geometry itself in the presence of a very strong optoacoustic chromophore. Due to its enhanced performance, the partial‐view‐corrected weighted model‐based algorithm may prove useful for improving the quality of partial‐view multispectral optoacoustic tomography, leading to enhanced visualization of functional parameters such as tissue oxygenation.
Associations of serum amyloid A and 25‐hydroxyvitamin D with diabetic nephropathy: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Liu Qian , Sun Jin , Xu Tongdao , Bian Guangrong , Yang Fumeng 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe present study investigated the relationships between serum amyloid A (SAA), 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)VD) and diabetic nephropathy (DN) to provide evidence for the prevention and management of DN.MethodsA total of 182 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were enrolled in this study. The levels of SAA, 25(OH)VD, and other conventional indicators were measured and analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was applied for the combined measurement of SAA and 25(OH)VD, and risk factors for DN were evaluated using binary logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe levels of SAA in T2DM patients were significantly higher than those in healthy subjects, and the level significantly increased with the progression of DN (p < 0.05). In contrast, the level of 25(OH)VD in T2DM patients was significantly lower than that in healthy subjects, and the level significantly decreased with the progression of DN (p < 0.05). The combined measurement of SAA and 25(OH)VD distinguished DN patients from T2DM patients better than the measurement of SAA or 25(OH)VD alone. SAA was an independent risk factor for DN, and 25(OH)VD was an independent protective factor for DN.ConclusionSAA and 25(OH)VD might be used as potential markers to identify patients at increased risk of developing DN.
Disorganized attachment and prolonged grief
Authors: Sekowski Marcin , Prigerson Holly G. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveWhile the relationship between attachment anxiety and avoidance and the severity of prolonged grief disorder (PGD) has been well‐studied, less is known about the relationship between disorganized attachment and PGD. We test the associations between disorganized attachment and the interaction between it and attachment avoidance and anxiety on PGD.MethodParticipants (N = 258) who had lost a family member from 0.5 to 8.0 years before the survey completed the experiences in close relationships‐revised, the adult disorganized attachment scale, and the PGD‐13 scale.ResultsThe model explaining PGD symptoms through attachment, taking into account the level of disorganized attachment, explained variance in PGD significantly better than the model taking into account only the level of attachment anxiety and avoidance as predictors. Additionally, the relationships between attachment avoidance and PGD were positive, negative, or neither, depending on the configuration of the levels of disorganized attachment and attachment anxiety.ConclusionFuture research into the relationships between attachment and PGD should take into account disorganized attachment. Attachment‐informed grief therapy focused on insecure styles of attachment – including the disorganized style – to the deceased person and other loved ones may prove a promising approach for bereaved persons who experience PGD.
Revising the FOCUS framework through a qualitative study assessing self‐reported counseling skills of genetic counselors
Authors: Zale Abigail , Zierhut Heather , Dean Marleah , Berry Darcy K. , Racobaldo Melissa , Cragun Deborah 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFrameworks have been developed to help conceptualize clinical genetic counseling (GC), and observational studies have helped understand the process and content of GC sessions. However, additional research is needed to identify GC skills (behaviors or strategies) that practicing genetic counselors report consciously using to meet certain GC goals and determine what common terminology, if any, is being used to describe the various skills. Nineteen practicing genetic counselors in prenatal, pediatric, or cancer specialties were interviewed to elicit how they achieve session goals. Interview recordings were transcribed, coded thematically, and categorized using process categories from the communication strategy domain of the Framework for Outcomes in Clinical Communication Services (FOCUS). Reported skills largely fit within FOCUS, though findings prompted minor modifications of several FOCUS process categories and consolidation of the categories from 13 into 10. Although genetic counselor respondents reported a broad range of strategies and behaviors, they rarely had terms for skills they described. Results reveal concrete examples of GC skills, provide evidence for refinement of FOCUS, and highlight the need for establishing common terminology to describe these skills.
The tourism industry and the risk of “the year 2038 problem”: Long‐term thinking and the illogical cycle of ICT risk management
Authors: Ram Yael , Hall C. Michael 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIssues of sustainability, resilience, and risk management are linked to how the tourism industry and researchers respond to future ICT risk, known as “the year 2038 problem” (Y2K38). The tourism industry coped with similar but smaller risk, the Y2K “millennium bug” but lessons have not been learned. The paper presents an account of the lack of preparedness to ICT bugs and concludes that a cycle of ICT risk management does not always lead to policy actions. The work suggests a proactive approach for addressing potential ICT risks and presents the main steps for coping with Y2K38 and potentially other risks.
Associations between potentially traumatic events and psychopathology among preadolescents in the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development Study®
Authors: Thompson Erin L. , Lever Nancy A. , Connors Kay M. , Cloak Christine C. , Reeves Gloria , Chang Linda 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe current cross‐sectional study aimed to extend the literature on childhood adversity by examining the unique associations between potentially traumatic events (PTEs) and a range of mental health concerns, including domain‐specific versus comorbid concerns. Participants were 11,877 preadolescents (47.8% female, 15.0% Black, 20.3% Hispanic/Latinx, Mage = 9.5 years) taking part in the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study®. The Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia was used to measure PTEs and caregiver‐ and child‐reported mental health concerns. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) were used for the outcomes of interest. Overall, PTEs were consistently associated with increased odds of experiencing comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), internalizing disorders, and externalizing disorders, significant AORs = 1.34–4.30, after accounting for children's experiences of other PTEs and polyvictimization. In contrast, PTEs were generally not associated with meeting the criteria for diagnoses within only one domain (i.e., internalizing‐only or externalizing‐only diagnoses). We also found PTEs to be differentially related to the various mental health outcomes. In particular, witnessing domestic violence was consistently associated with children's psychopathology. Other PTEs, such as witnessing community violence, were not associated with children's psychopathology in the final model. Associations between PTEs and mental health concerns did not differ as a function of sex. Overall, the results support the notion that PTEs are associated with comorbid concerns rather than individual disorders. These findings have important implications for the screening of PTEs, continued research on the conceptualization of traumatic stress, and the importance of accounting for comorbidities across mental health domains.
Beneficial effects of time‐restricted feeding on gentamicin cytotoxicity in mouse cochlea and vestibular organs
Authors: Gao Ying , Kamogashira Teru , Fujimoto Chisato , Iwasaki Shinichi , Yamasoba Tatsuya 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveTime restricted feeding (TRF), which is an intermittent fasting protocol, has been reported to decrease the toxicity and mortality rate associated with systemic gentamicin (GM) administration. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of TRF on GM‐induced vestibular and auditory function in mice.MethodsJapan Central Laboratory for Experimental Animals:Institute of Cancer Research (Jcl:ICR) mice were housed in a light–dark (LD) cycle (12:12) and were divided into three groups: (1) GM treatment at a dose of 220 mg/kg with TRF (feeding time: 8 h [9:00–17:00] during the light phase [7:00–19:00]) (GM + TRF group), (2) GM treatment at a dose of 220 mg/kg without TRF (GM group), and (3) saline injection with TRF (NS + TRF group). GM or saline was injected subcutaneously for 18 days (three courses of 5 days' injection + 2 days' rest, and an additional 3 days' injection). The auditory brainstem response (ABR) and vestibular evoked potential (VsEP) were tested after the treatments. The number of sensory hair cells in the cochlear organs and the vestibular organs were quantified using microscopic images.ResultsAll animals survived until the end of the experiment. One day after the last injection, GM + TRF mice showed significantly lower ABR thresholds at 4 kHz compared to GM mice, and there was no significant difference between the GM + TRF and NS + TRF groups. There was a significant difference of VsEP between GM and GM + TRF mice only in symmetric parabolic waves with linear acceleration and ramps waveform stimulation. GM + TRF mice showed significantly less outer and inner hair cell loss compared to GM mice. GM + TRF mice showed significantly less type II hair cell loss in the utricle and the ampulla compared to GM mice.ConclusionTRF with daytime feeding reduced GM cytotoxicity in the cochlea and vestibular organs of ICR mice.Level of EvidenceNA
Automatic classification of informative laryngoscopic images using deep learning
Authors: Yao Peter , Witte Dan , Gimonet Hortense , German Alexander , Andreadis Katerina , Cheng Michael , Sulica Lucian , Elemento Olivier , Barnes Josue , Rameau Anaïs 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study aims to develop and validate a convolutional neural network (CNN)‐based algorithm for automatic selection of informative frames in flexible laryngoscopic videos. The classifier has the potential to aid in the development of computer‐aided diagnosis systems and reduce data processing time for clinician‐computer scientist teams.MethodsA dataset of 22,132 laryngoscopic frames was extracted from 137 flexible laryngostroboscopic videos from 115 patients. 55 videos were from healthy patients with no laryngeal pathology and 82 videos were from patients with vocal fold polyps. The extracted frames were manually labeled as informative or uninformative by two independent reviewers based on vocal fold visibility, lighting, focus, and camera distance, resulting in 18,114 informative frames and 4018 uninformative frames. The dataset was split into training and test sets. A pre‐trained ResNet‐18 model was trained using transfer learning to classify frames as informative or uninformative. Hyperparameters were set using cross‐validation. The primary outcome was precision for the informative class and secondary outcomes were precision, recall, and F1‐score for all classes. The processing rate for frames between the model and a human annotator were compared.ResultsThe automated classifier achieved an informative frame precision, recall, and F1‐score of 94.4%, 90.2%, and 92.3%, respectively, when evaluated on a hold‐out test set of 4438 frames. The model processed frames 16 times faster than a human annotator.ConclusionThe CNN‐based classifier demonstrates high precision for classifying informative frames in flexible laryngostroboscopic videos. This model has the potential to aid researchers with dataset creation for computer‐aided diagnosis systems by automatically extracting relevant frames from laryngoscopic videos.