bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparisons of a Genetic Dwarf and a Normal Vine Cultivar of Cucumber1
Authors: Sandhu Milwant Singh , Mohr H. C. , Knavel Dean E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Dwarfness in ‘K70’ a dwarf cultivar of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), is due to internodes that are shorter than those of the tall, indeterminate ‘Stono’. Both plant types had the same no. of internodes after 15 weeks growth. Associated with short internodes is a greater no. of smaller cells per unit area of leaf tissue. The darker green appearance of ‘K70’ leaves is due to greater no. of cells, not difference in chlorophyll content.
San Diego County Horticulture
Authors: Hall Barnarr J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A “sea” of plastic row covers protects and hastens the spring tomato crop on the rolling hills of San Diego County, California Preparatio for this crop begins in November with plastic-tarped soil fumigation, installation of stakes, wire hoops and top wires to support the row covers. The young tomato plants are set out in January, and the plastic tunnels act as miniature greenhouses. The result is 4 weeks earlier harvest of fruit when prices are high in June.
Interspecific Hybridization in Octoploid Strawberries1
Authors: Scott D. H. , Draper A. D. , Greeley L. W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Octoploid progenies from species crosses between Fragaria virginiana Duch. ⨯ F. chiloensis (L.) Duch., F. virginiana ⨯ F. ⨯ ananassa Duch., and 2 BC1 crosses to F. ⨯ ananassa were grown in replicated plots and data obtained on winter survival, vigor of growth, time of bloom, productivity, and size of fruit. The ‘Ambato’ clone of F. chiloensis from South America transmitted susceptibility to winter injury and its progenies were weak. Progenies with the ‘Sheldon’ clone of F. virginiana as a parent were vigorous, early blossoming, productive, and had small fruit. ‘Sheldon’ ⨯ ‘Midland’ was most vigorous and the earliest blossoming of all progenies. US 3563 ⨯ ‘Midland’ and ‘Surecrop’ ⨯ ‘Midland’ progenies were the most productive. Among the progenies ‘Surecrop’ ⨯ ‘Ambato’ and ‘Surecrop’ ⨯ ‘Midland’ had the largest mean size of fruit; ‘Sheldon’ ⨯ ‘Yaquina’ the smallest. The ‘Ambato’ and ‘Yaquina’ clones of F. chiloensis differed in transmission of characteristics to their progenies.
Effect of SADH on the Endogenous Level in ‘Redskin’ Peach Mesocarp of Gibberellin-like Material1
Authors: Byers Ross E. , Emerson Frank H. , Dostal Herbert C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The Rumex obtusifolium L. bioassay was used to determine the level of gibbereUin (GA)-like substances in methanol extracts from peach mesocarp tissue. Applications of succinic acid-2,2-dimethylhydrazide (SADH) to peach trees did not reduce the level of endogenous gibberellins in the mesocarp tissue of fruits sampled at various times. These data suggest that SADH does not hasten maturity of peaches by decreasing endogenous GA levels.
Reduction of Pitting of Grapefruit by Thiabendazole During Long-term Cold Storage1
Authors: Schiffmann-Nadel Mina , Chalutz E. , Waks J. , Lattar F. S. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Incorporation of thiabendazole (TBZ) in the wax coating applied to grapefruit significantly reduced the amount of low temp pitting which developed during prolonged storage at 8 and 12°C.
Anthocyanins of ‘Durham’ and ‘Heritage’ Raspberry Fruits1
Authors: Francis F. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The anthocyanin pigments in ‘Durham’ fruits are cyanidin-3-glucoside (Cn-3-G), cyanidin-3-sophoroside (Cn-3-GG), cyanidin-3-rutinoside (Cn-3-RG), and cyanidin-3-glucosylrutinoside (Cn-3-GRG). The pigments in ‘Heritage’ fruits are Cn-3-G and Cn-3-GG. ‘Durham’ fruits are an excellent source of “marker” pigments.
Pistillate Flower and Fruit Drop of Pecan as a Function of Time and Shoot Length1
Authors: Sparks Darrell , Heath J. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The drop of pistillate flowers and fruit of pecan (Carya illinoensis Koch cv. Stuart) was described as a function of time and shoot length. Three periods of flower and fruit drop occurred. The first and third drops were inversely related to shoot length; the second drop was not closely related to shoot length.
The Influence of Temperature and Storage Time on Growth of Basal Roots of Nonprecooled and Precooled Bulbs of Lilium longiflorum Thunb. cv. Ace1
Authors: De Hertogh A. A. , Blakely N. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Nonprecooled and precooled ‘Ace’ lily bulbs were placed in the dark at 5, 9, 13, 17, and 21 °C and basal root growth determined at weekly intervals for 5 weeks. Roots originating from the basal plate were designated as primary roots; those originating from the primary roots were designated as secondary roots. The total fresh wt of secondary roots of nonprecooled and precooled bulbs increased with length of storage and increased temp. Optimum root growth occurred at 21°C. Primary roots of nonprecooled bulbs responded similarly to the secondary roots, while those of precooled bulbs had a temp optimum of 17 to 21°C. It was concluded that for commercial use, both nonprecooled and precooled bulbs should be initially grown at approx 17°C to stimulate basal root growth.
Interaction of Soil Temperature and Daylength on Growth and Flowering of Carnations1
Authors: Johnson C. R. , Haun J. R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Carnations (Dianthus caryophyllus cv. White Sim) planted August, 1970 were grown under long (LD) or normal (ND) daylengths and 4 continuous soil heating treatments, (none, 18°, 21°, 32°C). The rate of leaf unfolding and flower development was nearly equal for all treatments, although flowers appeared to initiate 3 weeks earlier under LD. Peaks of cut flower production were 1 month earlier and of greater magnitude under LD than ND. High soil temp (21°, 32°) under ND (winter daylengths) delayed peak flower production by another month. Total flower production was significantly greater with the plants grown under LD. Flowers from plants with high soil temp (21°, 32°), particularly those under LD, were of significantly better quality than those at 18° or without supplemental soil heat.
Promotion of Cucumber Fruit Set and Development by Chlorflurenol1
Authors: Cantliffe Daniel J. , Robinson R. W. , Shannon Stanton 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
2-Chloro-9-hydroxyfluorene-9-carboxylic acid (chlorflurenol)3 at 50 or 100 ppm increased fruit production of a gynoecious cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. cv. MSU 713-5) under field conditions of both normal and reduced pollination. A monoecious cultivar, ‘Wisconsin SMR 18’, treated with (2-chloroethyl) phosphonic acid (ethephon) and then chlorflurenol produced over twice as many fruit as the control when pollen was plentiful, and more than 4 ⨯ as many when pollen supply was limited. Ethephon sprays alone increased pistillate flower formation on the monoecious cultivar but did not increase fruit set. Chlorflurenol treatments increased the proportion of fruit in the smaller, more valuable size grades and appear advantageous for mechanically harvested pickling cucumbers.
Cultivation of the Paddy Straw Mushroom, Volvariella volvacea (Bull, ex Fr.) Sing.1
Authors: San Antonio J. P. , Fordyce C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The paddy straw mushroom was grown on the type of compost commonly used to produce the cultivated mushroom, Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Sing. An appreciable quantity of light (15 min full sunlight) is required for initiation of fruit bodies. The average yield of paddy straw mushroom was 84 g mushrooms fresh wt/kg dry wt of compost at spawning time. Such production is in the range reported for straw mushroom production on rice straw in Asia but only 20% of the yield of the cultivated mushroom or champignon, A. bisporus.
An Excised Leaflet Test for Evaluating Potato Frost Tolerance1
Authors: Sukumaran N. P. , Weiser C. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A simple reproducible procedure is described for assessing frost injury of potato foliage, involving controlled freezing of excised leaflets and measurement of leached electrolytes. Test results are shown for 5 tuber-bearing Solarium species representing a wide range of frost tolerance. The test can be used in selection and breeding for frost tolerance in potato.
Ethephon-Endothall as a Chemical Abscissor of Bean Leaves1
Authors: Davis J. T. , Sterrett J. P. , Leather G. R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
7-Oxabicyclo (2.2.1) heptane, 2-3-dicarboxylic acid (endothall) alone was not an effective chemical abscissor of bean leaves (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Red Kidney) until a concn of 30 to 40 mg/liter was attained, but in the presence of 800 mg/liter (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon) abscission began at 5 mg/liter endothall. Low pH (1.5) significantly lowered the break strength of abscission zone explants of leaves sprayed with ethephon and endothall compared to pH 6.0, and endogenous ethylene production from endothall alone was higher at pH 1.5 than pH 6.0.
Resistance to Root-knot Nematode in Bitter Almond Progenies and Almond x Okinawa Peach Hybrids1
Authors: Kochba J. , Spiegel-Roy P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Resistance to the root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne javanica Chitwood) was established for 7 bitter almond (Prunus amygdalus Batsch. var. amara DC) F1 progenies selected from trees in a heavily infested nursery soil and subjected to repeated inoculations in containers. Resistance was very high; (complete in some open-pollinated progenies) suggesting dominance or the presence of a cytoplasmic factor. F1 hybrid progenies of 2 highly susceptible almond cultivars crossed with ‘Okinawa’ peach showed almost complete dominance of resistance to M. javanica.
Antitranspirants for Conservation of Leaf Water Potential of Transplanted Citrus Trees1
Authors: Davenport D. C. , Martin P. E. , Hagan R. M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Spraying 7-year-old citrus trees with film-forming antitranspirants before transplanting increased leaf water potential, thereby reducing “transplant shock.” Leaf water potential decreased rapidly after transplanting, by as much as 21 atm in unsprayed, and as little as 6 atm in sprayed trees. There was little benefit from transplanting in late afternoon rather than the morning.
Evaluation of Tensiometers for Estimating Plant Water Stress in Citrus1
Authors: Kaufmann M. R. , Elfving D. C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Field measurements of leaf water potential were made on ‘Valencia’ orange trees subjected to varying degrees of soil water availability. During the night, leaf water potentials were reasonably well correlated with tensiometer estimates of soil matric potential. During the day, however, leaf water potentials were unrelated to matric potential because plant water balance was influenced by other factors in the shoot and root environments, including vapor pressure deficit, leaf diffusion resistance, and soil temperature.
Surfactant Stimulates Leaf Abscission of Tree Fruit Nursery Stock1
Authors: Larsen Fenton E 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
D-WK (Dupont-WK surfactant with the principal functioning agent being the dodecyl ether of polyethylene glycol) can be used to stimulate leaf abscission of some deciduous tree fruit nursery stock. One to 3 applications of 1 to 2% D-WK were satisfactory for most cultivars tested of apple, pear, cherry, and prune. ‘Early Red Haven’ peach was particularly sensitive to damage, and required lower concentrations.
Wide Crosses and Pollen Contamination in Strawberry1
Authors: Fowler C. W. , Janick Jules 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Surecrop’ strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) pollinated with Rubus pollen with and without application of indoleacetic acid (IAA) produced small amount of viable seed but resulting plants were segregating, octaploid strawberries. Small amount of seed were also consistently produced on emasculated, covered control flowers. Contamination was considered the most likely explanation because no viable seed was produced with wide crosses, with or without auxin applications, using a pistillate clone under isolation. Seed set increased on emasculated uncovered flowers in the greenhouse with proximity to pollen source and increased exposure to air currents.
Influence of Defoliation at Transplanting on Strawberry Growth and Fruiting Response1
Authors: Albregts E. E. , Howard C. M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Defoliation of Florida-grown plants of 2 strawberry cultivars at transplanting to simulate leaf desiccation damage which may occur during and after transplanting retarded growth and reduced yields. Fruit no. was linearly correlated with fruit yield while the marketable wt per fruit was unaffected by treatments.
Evidence for Injury by Ozone in New York Vineyards1
Authors: Shaulis N. J. , Kender W. J. , Pratt Charlotte , Sinclair W. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Widespread stippled browning and premature senescence of leaves of grapevines were observed in grape growing regions near the Great Lakes. Those symptoms were identical to those obtained by exposing 2-year old potted ‘Concord’ and ‘Ives’ grapevines to 30 or 60 pphm ozone (O3) for 6 hr, indicating that the brown leaf disorder of grapevines is oxidant stipple, a manifestation of O3 injury.
Dicamba Injury to Taxus1
Authors: Carpenter Philip L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Symptoms of apparent growth regulator injury (curling, resetting and yellowing of new growth, blackening, death, and dropping of needles) were observed in plantings of Taxus sp. These symptoms were produced also in container grown plants (Taxus cuspidata, Sieb. and Zucc. and Taxus media ‘Brownii’, Hort.) with 3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid (dicamba). Injury symptoms appeared at the 0.13 kg/ha rate and a marked reduction in growth occurred at all higher rates. The injury at 0.3 kg/ha was severe and plants failed to recover after 18 months; death resulted at 1.1 kg/ha and above.
Communicate Effectively or Perish on the Vine1
Authors: Wittwer S. H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Members of this Society, individually and collectively, face some crucial decisions in public relations. The title of this paper should convey a message. The American public (taxpayers) are resisting further increases in support of education and agricultural research. There is an expression of disenchantment. Our operations are now being scrutinized as never before. If improvement is to occur it must come from new approaches rather than from more of the same.
Controlled-environment Horticulture in the Arabian Desert at Abu Dhabi
Authors: Fontes Miguel R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A commercial-scale power-water-food facility, which utilizes desalted seawater for the irrigation of vegetable crops in controlled-environment greenhouses, was completed in January, 1972, at Abu Dhabi on the Arabian Peninsula. The integrated system there is a larger-scale version of one that has been operated in Mexico on the Gulf of California since 1966 by the Universities of Arizona and Sonora.
Growth of Subirrigated Japanese Holly as Affected by Soil Type and Depth1
Authors: Patel S. I. , Tinga J. H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Container-grown plants of Japanese holly (Hex crenata Thumb, cv. Rotundifolia) were grown satisfactorily using subirrigation for 90 days during July-Sept. With either sandy loam or clay loam soil at a depth of 20 or 30 cm on a constant water level pan, soil moisture level remains near optimum in the root zone.
Induction of Mutations in African Violet(Saintpaulia ionantha WendL) by Ethyl Methanesulfonate1
Authors: Warfield David 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) applied at a concentration of .5 M for 1 hour to petioles of African violet leaf cuttings produced mutations in 13% of plantlets (which as in many species originate from a single epidermal cell).
Chlorophyll Content of New Cotyledon Mutants of Cucumber1
Authors: Whelan E. D. P. , Chubey B. B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The chlorophyll content (a, b and total) of cotyledons of ‘Burpless Hybrid’ cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), 5 radiation-induced mutants of ‘Burpless Hybrid’ (yc-2, Is, gc, pi, albino, no symbol assigned), and 1 naturally occurring mutant (yc-1) was determined at 6 different stages of seedling development. Maximum chlorophyll content of ‘Burpless Hybrid’ (control) was reached 4 to 6 days after seedling emergence, but development was slower in the mutants. Average concn of chlorophyll a in yc-1, pl, gc and albino and chlorophyll b in yc-1, yc-2, gc, pl and albino was significantly lower than the control; gc contained only trace amounts of chlorophyll, and albino had none. The mutants pl, gc and albino were lethal. The changes in chlorophyll content of cotyledons generally agreed with visual appearance except Is which were distinctly pale, but had concn of chlorophyll a and b similar to those of the control.
Variable Susceptibility to Bacterial Rind Necrosis in Watermelon1
Authors: Elmstrom G. W. , Hopkins D. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Occurrence of bacterial rind necrosis (BRN) caused by Erwinia sp. among 15 cultivars of watermelon, Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Mansf., planted at Leesburg, Florida in 1972 ranged from 10.0% to 44.6%.
Influence of Growth Regulators on Pod Set and Yield in Snap Beans and Related Crops1
Authors: Weigle J. L. , Robbins M. L. , Beck A. R. , Batal K. M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A number of pesticides and growth-regulating compounds were applied to snap and dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), lima beans (Phaseolus lunatus L.), cowpeas Vigna sinensis (Torner) Savi, and garden peas (Pisum sativum L.) at first bloom in both the greenhouse and the field. Initial increases in pod set were not retained until harvest. Several treatments reduced pot set of snap beans, but none significantly affected yields.
Effect of Fertilization and Mulching with Bio-degradeable Polyethylene-coated Paper on Responses of Okra and Peppers1
Authors: Albregts E. E. , Howard C. M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Okra (Hibiscus esculentus L. cv. Clem son Spineless) and sweet pepper(Capsicum annuum L. cv. Yolo Wonder L)were grown at 2 fertility levels with treatments of full bed mulch, strip mulch, and bare soil. A black paper coated on both sides with a thin layer of clear polyethylene was used as mulch. Germination of okra and the early growth and seasonal marketable yield of both vegetables were greatest with the full bed mulch treatment. The strip mulch treatments increased yield of pepper over that of the unmulched but had little effect on okra yield. Yields were always higher with the higher fertility level, but differences were usually not significant. Pepper fruit size and no. and okra pods per plant were increased by mulch treatment. As amount of bed covered by mulch increased so did the soil NO3 and K. Higher fertilizer rates generally increased soil NO3 and K but differences were significant only in 1972.
Naturally-occurring Toxicants and Nutritive Value in Food Crops: The Challenge to Plant Breeders1
Authors: Kehr August E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Historically, plant breeders have made an important contribution to maintaining and improving the food supply of the world. Plant breeders have developed many superb new plant cultivars over the years. They have traditionally won almost universal acclaim for their ability to engineer plant germplasm, almost at will, into marvelous advancements of benefit to man. Their achievements have been rightfully recognized by the award of a Nobel Peace Prize to a plant breeder. As a plant breeder myself, I derive much satisfaction from the knowledge that as a group we have contributed immeasurably to the well being of mankind.
Effects of DCNA and Prepackaging on the Retail Quality of Sweetpotatoes1
Authors: Ceponis M. J. , Kaufman J. , Tietjen W. H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In 8 tests, sweetpotatoes [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] treated with 2,6-dichloro-4-nitroaniline (DCNA) and packaged had less waste after a week in a retail store than either treated or untreated sweetpotatoes retailed in bulk. Very good control of rhizopus soft rot in sweetpotatoes on sleeve-wrapped and completely overwrapped trays was obtained by DCNA. The combination of DCNA and the complete overwrap effectively reduced retail losses from soft rot and desiccation.
The Effect of Trithion on the Flavor of Lowbush Blueberries1
Authors: Murphy Elizabeth F. , True Ruth H. , Forsythe Howard Y. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Samples of Maine-grown lowbush blueberries (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait) from untreated and Trithion-treated (2 applications, 272 g/0.4 ha) plots evaluated 8 times by a 35-judge panel were not different from each other or from a standard of untreated berries. No off-flavor was associated with the Trithion-treated blueberry samples.
Peel Color of Oranges Treated with Ethylene Before vs. After Waxing1
Authors: Aharoni Y. , Lattar (Littauer) F. S. , Angel S. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Ethylene degreening of both ‘Navel’ and ‘Shamouti’ oranges was severely retarded by waxing before, rather than after, degreening. No differences were noted between three commercial emulsion-type waxes.
Honey Bee Visits Increase Yields of ‘Orlando’ Tangelo1
Authors: Moffett Joseph O. , Rodney D. Ross 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Orlando’ tangelo trees on a number of different rootstocks yielded an average of 49% more fruit when the trees were caged with honey bees than when bees were excluded in a 2-year study at Yuma, Arizona. Trees caged with both bees and a ‘Fairchild’ tangerine tree averaged 63% more than trees caged to exclude bees, while uncaged trees interplanted with ‘Fairchild’ tangerines and exposed to a moderately high bee visitation yielded 73% more fruit.
Micro-Contamination Of Horticultural Products
Authors: Gould Wilbur A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The role of horticulture in helping to meet world food requirements increases in importance as the population of the world increases. With the new development of improved cultivars of plants, new harvesting and handling systems, and food fortification practices, changes in the methods of preventing contamination of foods may also need to be re-evaluated.
Pigmentation of Poinsettias During Short-day Induction1
Authors: Benortham Robert W. , Mattson Richard H. , Mitchell H. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Total chlorophyll and β-carotene were found to be highest during pre- and intermediate-color stages and decreased during flower developmental stages in bracts of 8 poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd.) cultivars (‘Annette Hegg’‘Paul Mikkelsen’ and their pink, white, and variegated sports). From preanthesis to postanthesis, cyanidin increased in ‘Annette Hegg’ but decreased in ‘Paul Mikkelsen’ bracts. Pelargonidin levels and cyanidin pelargonidin ratios were similar in the two cultivars.
Relationship between Core Size, Specific Gravity, and Soluble Solids in Carrots1
Authors: Bassett M. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The r values between core/whole root diameter ratio and soluble solids of roots of carrot (Daucus carota L.) varied from 0.385 to - 0.473 depending upon cultivar and location. The r value for the cultivar means between the same variables was -0.434. Selection for core size has little potential as an indirect method for raising soluble solids. A correlation of 0.621 was found between specific gravity and soluble solids in ‘Nantes Strong Top’.
Yield of Fall-planted Spinach Surviving Low Temperatures1
Authors: Peavy W. S. , Greig J. K. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Fall-planted spinach (Spinacia oleracea L., cv. Bloomsdale Long Standing), field grown 2 successive years in Plant Hardiness Zone (PHZ) 5 at Manhattan, Kansas, under 13 soil fertility treatments, withstood as low as −21°C and yielded satisfactorily a month earlier than when spring planted. There were no significant differences in yield due to soil fertility treatments.