bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of the endoscope in cochlear implantation: A systematic review
Authors: Poutoglidis Alexandros , Fyrmpas Georgios , Vlachtsis Konstantinos , Paraskevas George K. , Lazaridis Nikolaos , Keramari Stergiani , Garefis Konstantinos , Dimakis Christodoulos , Tsetsos Nikolaos 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo review the role of the endoscope in cochlear implantation (CI).MethodsMEDLINE, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar and the Cochrane Library databases, as well as other sources, were searched by two independent reviewers. Studies including patients undergoing either exclusively endoscopic or endoscopically assisted CI were eligible for inclusion. Endoscopic CI approaches and postoperative complications were the primary outcomes. Secondary endpoints included the degree of round window (RW) microscopic visualisation according to St Thomas’ Hospital classification and type of cochleostomy for electrode insertion in the scala tympani (ST).ResultsFourteen studies met the inclusion criteria comprising 191 endoscopic or endoscopically assisted CI cases. The endoscope was used for better visualisation of the RW across all included studies, facilitated the insertion of the electrode in the ST and spared a mastoidectomy in a number of cases. No facial nerve palsy was reported in any of the studies. The most common complication was external auditory canal/tympanic membrane tear followed by chorda tympani injury.ConclusionThe microscopic CI approach is still the gold standard. The endoscope facilitates the recognition of the RW area and leads to successful and safe implantation, particularly in difficult anatomical scenarios, ear malformations and advanced otosclerosis. Endoscopically assisted CI procedures offer the opportunity to avoid a posterior tympanotomy and reduce the risk of facial nerve injury. To date, the lack of long‐term data does not permit the widespread adoption of completely endoscopic CI procedures without a mastoidectomy.
Reduced M2 macrophages and adventitia collagen dampen the structural integrity of blood blister–like aneurysms and induce preoperative rerupture
Authors: Wen Dingke , Chen Ruiqi , Li Hao , Zheng Jun , Fu Wei , Shi Ziyan , You Chao , Yang Mu , Ma Lu 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveBlood blister–like aneurysms (BBAs) are extremely rare aneurysms. They are predisposed to preoperative rerupture with a high case‐fatality rate. Here, we attempt to interrogate the distinct clinicopathology and the histological basis underlying its clinical rerupture.MethodsThree middle meningeal arteries, 11 BBA (5 reruptured, 6 non‐rerupture) and 19 saccular aneurysm samples were obtained for histopathological investigation. Three reruptured BBAs, 3 non‐reruptured BBAs and 6 saccular (3 ruptured, 3 unruptured) aneurysms were obtained for quantitative flow cytometry analysis.ResultsCompared with true saccular aneurysms, the BBA aneurysm wall lacks arterial stroma cells including CD31+ endothelial cells and α‐SMA + smooth muscle cells. Only fibroblasts and adventitial collagen were observed in the BBA aneurysm wall. Meanwhile, BBAs were enriched with infiltrated inflammatory cells, especially polarized macrophages. Based on the rerupture status, those reruptured BBAs showed drastically reduced fibroblasts and adventitia collagen. Moreover, M2‐polarized macrophages were observed dominant in BBAs and exhibit repairing cellular functions based on their interplays with arterial fibroblasts. Reduced M2 macrophages and arterial tissue repairing modulation may be responsible for the decreasing collagen synthesis and fibrosis repairment, which potentially dampens the aneurysm integrity and induces BBA aneurysm reruputre.ConclusionsBBAs poses histopathological features of occult pseudoaneurysms or dissecting aneurysms. Reduced M2 macrophages and adventitia collagen may dampen the structural integrity of BBAs and induce preoperative rerupture.
Protected areas have remarkable spillover effects on forest conservation on the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau
Authors: Shen Yu , Liu Guohua , Zhou Wei , Liu Yuqing , Cheng Hao , Su Xukun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimAlthough protected areas (PAs) are assumed to reduce natural threats within boundaries, their spillover effects remain equivocal. It is necessary to determine whether PAs truly achieve conservation targets and whether they promote or inhibit natural habitat degradation in adjacent areas by blockage or leakage spillover. This study aims to choose 54 nature reserves (NRs) focusing on forest protection as a case study to assess PA conservation effectiveness and spillover prevalence.LocationPAs on the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau (QTP).MethodsWe used matching methods to compare deforestation rates inside PAs and their 20 km buffer zones with matched control areas based on the Global Forest Change dataset from 2001 to 2019. We contrasted the effects of NRs with different management levels, ages and areas. We designed five concentric buffer zones to assess spillover change with distance and estimated potential drivers of the spillover effect to explain its directions and magnitudes.Results75.9% of the NRs were effective in preventing deforestation within their boundaries. NRs with different properties showed similar performance on forest conservation. Spillover effects were heterogeneous around NRs. One hundred and twenty‐two buffer zones had positive spillover ranging from 0.1% to 5.3%. One hundred and nineteen buffer zones had leakages from −8.84% to −0.1%. Blockages slightly outnumbered leakages at different distances, while leakages happened more frequently when we treated buffer zones as a whole spillover area. The linear model indicated NR age and population density of buffer zones were the most relevant predictors to spillover value.Main conclusionsMost PAs performed well in forest conservation. Leakages could undermine or offset PA conservation efforts and were related to multiple natural or socio‐economic factors. We recommend considering the plurality of PAs as well as spillover effect and incorporating a social‐ecological framework in further PA establishment and management.
Taiwan's COVID‐19 Response: The Interdependence of State and Private Sector Institutions
Authors: Siedlok Frank , Hamilton‐Hart Natasha , Shen Hsiao‐Chen 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTDuring 2020, Taiwan's facemask policy formed a critical part of its relatively successful response to the COVID‐19 pandemic. It also served to showcase capacities for coordinated action by state and business actors. This article demonstrates that Taiwan's ability to rapidly increase facemask production called for the government and key industry players to overcome a series of cooperation challenges. The authors show that the effective industry response required concerted action in three domains: the state sector, business–government cooperation, and cooperation among private firms. This article makes two contributions. First, it differentiates the dynamics attached to coordination, commitment and collective action challenges that actors in public and private sectors needed to overcome in order to deliver on the policy. Second, it contributes to the literature by endorsing the view that business–government cooperation and private sector coordination are complementary and interdependent. The findings presented here further illustrate the evolution of Taiwan's state institutions in their capacity to take on new tasks and modes of interaction with private sector actors.
Embedding genetics experiments in restoration to guide plant choice for a degraded landscape with a changing climate
Authors: Bailey Tanya G. , Harrison Peter A. , Davidson Neil J. , Weller‐Wong Akira , Tilyard Paul , Steane Dorothy A. , Vaillancourt René E. , Potts Brad M. 
Published: December 2021

SummaryWe overview an array of common garden genetics trials established across multiple sites and embedded in restoration plantings in the harsh, modified Midlands region of the island of Tasmania, Australia. The steps in establishing the common gardens, the diversity of experimental designs employed and their objectives are described. These trials provide a long‐term framework to test species choices and provenancing strategies, as well as enhance our understanding of adaptive genetic variation within key eucalypt species used for ecological restoration. Early results signal genetic‐based differences in early‐age performance, and we showcase the multiple benefits of integrating research infrastructure into restoration plantings.
From communities to individuals: Using remote sensing to inform and monitor woodland restoration
Authors: Harrison Peter A. , Camarretta Nicolò , Krisanski Sean , Bailey Tanya G. , Davidson Neil J. , Bain Glen , Hamer Rowena , Gardiner Riana , Proft Kirstin , Taskhiri Mohammad Sadegh , Turner Paul , Turner Darren , Lucieer Arko 
Published: December 2021

SummaryThe benefits of using remote sensing technologies for informing and monitoring ecological restoration of forests from the community to the individual are presented. At the community level, we link remotely sensed measures of structural complexity with animal behaviour. At the plot level, we monitor the return of vegetation structure and ecosystem services (e.g. carbon sequestration) using data‐rich three‐dimensional point clouds. At the individual‐level, we use high‐resolution images to accurately classify plants to species and provenance and show genetic‐based variation in canopy structural traits. To facilitate the wider use of remote sensing in restoration, we discuss the challenges that remain to be resolved.
A decade of restoring a temperate woodland: Lessons learned and future directions
Authors: Harrison Peter A. , Davidson Neil J. , Bailey Tanya G. , Jones Menna , Gilfedder Louise , Bridle Kerry , Bowman David M. J. S. , Baker Thomas P. , Richardson Benjamin J. , Wallis Louise , Potts Brad M. 
Published: December 2021

SummaryWe synthesise the findings from 10 years of ecological restoration in the Midlands of Tasmania, Australia, captured in the series of 14 papers in this special issue of Ecological Management and Restoration. The papers illustrate how expertise from disciplines as diverse as law, economics, social sciences, the arts, education, zoology, botany, genetics, climate modelling, agriculture, spatial sciences and fire ecology are necessary to address the complex social, ecological and financial questions that underpin restoration ecology. We highlight the complexity of the task, the multi‐disciplinary and collaborative approach needed, the importance of science to inform restoration practice and the problem of achieving functional connectivity. We also outline steps that need to be taken in the next 10 years. Together, the outcomes and recommendations from these studies provide a template for restoration in similar highly cleared and degraded agricultural landscapes affected by climate change in Australia and internationally.
Not your usual drug‐drug interactions: Monoclonal antibody–based therapeutics may interact with antiseizure medications
Authors: Berman Erez , Noyman Iris , Medvedovsky Mordekhay , Ekstein Dana , Eyal Sara 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTherapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have emerged as the fastest growing drug class. As such, mAbs are increasingly being co‐prescribed with other drugs, including antiseizure medications (ASMs). Although mAbs do not share direct targets or mechanisms of disposition with small‐molecule drugs (SMDs), combining therapeutics of both types can increase the risk of adverse effects and treatment failure. The primary goal of this literature review was identifying mAb‐ASM combinations requiring the attention of professionals who are treating patients with epilepsy. Systematic PubMed and Embase searches (1980–2021) were performed for terms relating to mAbs, ASMs, drug interactions, and their combinations. Additional information was obtained from documents from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA). Evidence was critically appraised ‐ key issues calling for clinicians’ consideration and important knowledge gaps were identified, and practice recommendations were developed by a group of pharmacists and epileptologists. The majority of interactions were attributed to the indirect effects of cytokine‐modulating antibodies on drug metabolism. Conversely, strong inhibitors or inducers of drug‐metabolizing enzymes or drug transporters could potentially interact with the cytotoxic payload of antibody‐drug conjugates, and ASMs could alter mAb biodistribution. In addition, mAbs could potentiate adverse ASM effects. Unfortunately, few studies involved ASMs, requiring the formulation of class‐based recommendations. Based on the current literature, most mAb‐ASM interactions do not warrant special precautions. However, specific combinations should preferably be avoided, whereas others require monitoring and potentially adjustment of the ASM doses. Reduced drug efficacy or adverse effects could manifest days to weeks after mAb treatment onset or discontinuation, complicating the implication of drug interactions in potentially deleterious outcomes. Prescribers who treat patients with epilepsy should be familiar with mAb pharmacology to better anticipate potential mAb‐ASM interactions and avoid toxicity, loss of seizure control, or impaired efficacy of mAb treatment.
The association of changes in body mass index and metabolic parameters between adults with overweight or obesity and their children in a family‐based randomized trial (DiOGenes)
Authors: Pang Michelle D. , Yilmaz Hülya , Astrup Arne , Blaak Ellen E. , van Baak Marleen A. 
Published: December 2021

SummaryBackgroundFamily‐based approaches have been reported to be effective in improving overweight or obesity in children.ObjectivesTo investigate the relationship of changes in body mass index and metabolic parameters between adults with overweight or obesity and their children during a weight‐maintenance family‐based dietary intervention.MethodsIn a multicentre randomized controlled trial, families with at least one parent with overweight or obesity and one healthy child aged between 5 and 18 years, of which the parents completed an 8‐week weight‐loss phase successfully, were randomized into five different dietary intervention groups to achieve weight maintenance for 6 months. Anthropometric parameters and body composition were measured and blood samples were collected before and after the dietary intervention. Data were analysed using Pearson correlation coefficient analyses and multiple linear regression analysis adjusted for diet group, centre, child's sex and age.ResultsA positive association was found between the change in body mass index (BMI) of the mother and change in BMI‐for‐age Z‐score of first and second child (std = 0.248, p = 0.000; std = 0.326, p = 0.000, respectively). The change in BMI of the father was only significantly associated with the change in BMI‐for‐age Z‐score of first child (std = 0.186, p = 0.031). No consistent pattern of associations between parents and children was found for homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, fasting glucose and fasting insulin.ConclusionThis study supports the inclusion of parents into family‐based dietary approaches for weight management of their children regardless of the child's weight status in eight different countries throughout Europe.
Children’s rights and parents’ rights: Popular attitudes about when we privilege one over the other
Authors: Berrick Jill Duerr , Skivenes Marit , Roscoe Joseph N. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) is a widely accepted human rights document and has relevance for child protection policy. This study employs an experimental design with representative samples from Norway and California (USA) to test public perceptions of children's rights in child protection. The countries have welfare states and child protection contexts that differ, and their histories contrast with regard to the UNCRC. Results show that increased severity of risk to a child does not correspond with increased weight on children’s rights. However, residents of Norway are more likely to embrace a children's rights orientation, and participants in California are more likely to accept a parents’ rights perspective. Demographics such as immigrant status and age account for some of these differences. The study contributes to the literature on children's rights and the role of the state in aligning public policy with public attitudes about children.
Role of Sea Grant in Establishing Commercial Oyster Aquaculture through Applied Research and Extension
Authors: Walton William C. , Swann LaDon 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSea Grant programs, both separately and in collaboration, have supported growth of the off‐bottom oyster industry in all five U.S. states in the Gulf of Mexico. Here, we review the history of the Mississippi‐Alabama Sea Grant Consortium (MASGC) investments in research and extension to support the growth of this industry (particularly in Alabama and Mississippi). Notably, the integration of applied research with strategic extension efforts was essential to the success of this industry. The MASGC enabled the establishment of commercial off‐bottom oyster aquaculture in Alabama and Mississippi using a series of strategic, outcomes‐focused investments in applied research and extension efforts through an array of partnerships. In Alabama, the first commercial off‐bottom oyster farm was established in 2009. The industry grew to 22 farms by 2020 with a farmgate value of nearly $1.5 million, employing over 30 full time equivalents (FTE). Over 12 farms have been established in Mississippi in the last two years. The MASGC also leveraged additional support from other funding agencies that has multiplied the outcomes and impacts.
Study of antioxidant activity of fodder grasses using microbial test systems
Authors: Samoilova Zoya , Smirnova Galina , Bezmaternykh Ksenia , Tyulenev Alexey , Muzyka Nadezhda , Voloshin Vladimir , Maysak Galina , Oktyabrsky Oleg 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Aim
To measure the biological activities of extracts of fodder grasses Onobrýchis arenária, Galéga orientális and Rhaponticum carthamoides that are commonly planted in Europe, Middle East and eastern Africa.

Methods and Results
Microbial test-systems based on Escherichia coli BW25113 that allow measurement of gene expression, growth and survival, biofilm formation (BF) in combination with the standard chemical procedures were used. The extracts studied had radical scavenging and metal-chelating activities and induced expression of antioxidant genes via generation of hydrogen peroxide. However, the extracts did not affect bacterial growth in planktonic cultures but dose-dependently inhibited BF.

Conclusions
The most remarkable effects were observed in G. orientalis, a high-yielding crop, rich in crude protein and fibres.

Significance and Impact of the Study
Taking into account the antibiofilm activities of the extracts, a perspective for decreasing colonization of ruminants’ gut with pathogenic bacteria might be suggested in case of feeding with all the grasses studied.
Expression of thurincin H, ChiA74 and Cry proteins at the sporulation phase in Bacillus thuringiensis HD1
Authors: Gaona-Mendoza America S. , Bravo-Rivas Martha C. , Barboza-Corona José E. , Massange-Sánchez Julio A. , Casados-Vázquez Luz E. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Aims
The objective of this study was to produce thurincin H, ChiA74 and Cry proteins together using Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki HD1 as a heterologous host.

Methods and Results
pSTAB-ThurH and pSTAB-ChiA74 constructs were designed to produce thurincin H and chitinase, respectively, at the sporulation phase. They were transformed into Bt HD1 generating the recombinant strains HD1/pSTAB-ThurH and HD1/pSTAB-ThurH/pSTAB-ChiA74. Antimicrobial and chitinolytic activity tests were performed with recombinant strains. Both strains were able to produce thurincin H up to 72 h with antibacterial activity of ~4000 U mg−1. The HD1/pSTAB-ThurH/pSTAB-ChiA74 strain also showed chitinolytic activity of ~23 mU mg−1 at 72 h. All B. thuringiensis strains exhibited crystal formation at 72, and 96 h. In addition, the application of thurincin H in corn seeds increased the germination percentage and root length by 7% and 10%, respectively.

Conclusions
We showed that is possible to produce three proteins of biotechnological interest at the sporulation stage in B. thuringiensis, which two of them (thurincin H, and ChiA74) are naturally expressed in the vegetative stage.

Significance and Impact of the Study
These results form the basis for developing of a biocontrol and biostimulator product that can be used as an alternative for chemical application.
Self and other reported workplace traits: A communal gap of men across occupations
Authors: Gartzia Leire 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThere is general agreement in organizational research about the relevance of the big two set of traits in social psychology: communion or consideration of other people and agency or pursuit of the self. I argue that, whereas both dimensions play critical functions at work, men are still overwhelmingly limited in communion. Results of five studies with male and female employees and managers across settings ranging from social work to the bank industry support this prediction in relation to both self‐ratings and judgment of others and reveal that men are characterized with less communal traits by themselves and others. In contrast, women and men are perceived and perceive themselves as similar in agency, suggesting closing gender gaps in agentic traits. An analysis across occupational levels showed that sex differences in communion favoring women only disappeared at top managerial levels. Exploratory analyses of prescriptive traits (ideal characterizations) revealed more demanding expectations of communion for women than men, despite female employees' and managers' generally greater endorsement of these traits. Implications for organizations are discussed, underscoring the need to implement gender action focused on reducing male stereotyping and the communal gap, rather than increasing women's agency.
Understanding the role of endotoxin tolerance in chronic inflammatory conditions and periodontal disease
Authors: Larsson Lena , Garaicoa‐Pazmino Carlos , Asa'ad Farah , Castilho Rogerio Moraes 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis review aims to present the current understanding of endotoxin tolerance (ET) in chronic inflammatory diseases and explores the potential connection with periodontitis.SummarySubsequent exposure to lipopolysaccharides (LPS) triggers ET, a phenomenon regulated by different mechanisms and pathways, including toll‐like receptors (TLRs), nuclear factor kappa‐light‐chain enhancer of activated B‐cells (NFκB), apoptosis of immune cells, epigenetics, and microRNAs (miRNAs). These mechanisms interconnect ET with chronic inflammatory diseases including periodontitis. While the direct correlation between ET and periodontal destruction has not been fully elucidated, emerging reports point towards the potential tolerization of human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) and gingival tissues with a significant reduction of TLR levels.ConclusionsThere is a potential link between ET and periodontal diseases. Future studies should explore the crucial role of ET in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases, as evidence of a tolerized oral mucosa may represent an intrinsic mechanism capable of regulating the oral immune response. A clear understanding of this host immune regulatory mechanism might lead to effective and more predictable therapeutic strategies to treat chronic inflammatory diseases and periodontitis.