bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polysubstance Use After Frontal Lobe Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Ulusoy M. , Ergelen M. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionFrontal lobe syndrome (FLS) is a clinical condition characterized by personality and behavioral changes that usually occur after a traumatic brain injury (TBI). The main features of this syndrome are related to the deterioration of basic functions of the frontal lobe. Substance use disorder (SUD) is rare but also serious comorbiditiy seen after TBI.ObjectivesIn this case report, we aimed to discuss a case who developed SUD after TBI.MethodsCase reportResultsA 40-year-old male patient with history of using cannabis, methamphetamine, synthetic cannabinoid was admitted to our alcohol and substance use disorders research and treatment centre (AMATEM) inpatient unit for detoxification. He has reported that he was injured by a car accident five years ago, had a surgery and was hospitalized for a few months, and started to use substance to relieve pain. According to the medical records, the left frontal and temporoparietal regions were affected. He reported no history of substance abuse before injury, no previous history of psychiatric admission. Personality and behavior changes had been observed after TBI. In the first examination he had depressed mood and loss of interest. Sertraline (gradually titrated up to 150 mg/d) and risperidone (1 mg/d) were started. Also N-acetylcysteine (1,200 mg/d) was added to reduce craving and drug-seeking behaviours for four weeks.ConclusionsFrontal lobe syndrome and TBI may differ in terms of clinical presentations. Substance use may be a way to cope with mental, cognitive or behavioural changes, psychosocial stressors, anxiety, sleep problems or pain after TBI.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Different dimensions of wellness in drug addiction treatment
Authors: Delic M. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionAccording to the World Health Organisation goals of treatment of drug addiction are: reducing of drug use and craving, improving of health, well-being and social functioning of the affected individual, prevention of future harms by decreasing the risk of complications and relapse. Wellness means a sense of overall well-being incorporating numerous aspects of an individual’s life. These include physical, mental, emotional, intellectual, occupational, and spiritual aspects. For those who suffer from mental and substance use disorders, wellness means feeling a sense of purpose in life, being actively involved in work or play that is satisfying, finding happiness, having joyful relationships, and having a healthy body and living environment. .ObjectivesWe will present different dimensions of wellness and describe how to incorporate these dimensions into drug addiction treatment.MethodsPresentation of theoretical frame and description of treatment programme at the Center for Treatment of Drug Addiction Ljubljana.ResultsWhen each of wellness dimensions is balanced, it is easier to maintain recovery process and avoid the triggers of relapse.ConclusionsIn the context of wellness, treatment goal is to maximize the capacity of person to feel, think and act in ways that enhance his/her ability to enjoy life and deal with the challenges he/she face. Wellness lifestyle includes a balance of health habits such as adequate sleep and rest, productivity, exercise, participation in meaningful activity, nutrition, productivity, social contact, and supportive relationships.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Pattern of Tobacco Use among Children and Adolescents with comorbid Psychiatric Illnesses
Authors: Afridi I. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionTobacco use is clearly harmful for mental as well as physical health especially among persons <18 yeards age. It is used in multiple forms in many countries such as, somoling chewing etc. It is impotant to know the pattern of tobacco use and the comorbid psychiatric illnesses inthis age group.ObjectivesTo identify the pattern of tobacco use among cases <18 years age with various psychiatric disorders.MethodsIt was a cross-sectional study conducted at a psychiatric clinic at Karachi, on all consecutive cases <18 years. Diagnostic criteria of ICD-10 were used.ResultsA total number of 700 consecutive cases below the age of 18 years reporting to psychiatric clinic were inducted in this study. Out of them 107 (15%) patients reported use of tobacco. Among them 83 (77% ) used pan with tobacco. The psychiatric illnesses identified were depressive disorder (39%) & conversion disorder (15%).ConclusionsTobacco use (predominantly in the form of chewing), is common amongst children and adolescents reporting for psychiatric consultation. It is important to develop strategies at a community level with legal restriction/implementation selling tobacco to children. Moreover, psychiatric evaluation should be done in all children and adolescents identified as using tobacco, and the term “smoking cessation clinic” should be replaced with “tobacco cessation clinic/ services”.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Cannabis use and violent behavior
Authors: Roque Gonçalves M. , Elias De Sousa A. , Machado A.S. , Silva A. , Vieira-Coelho M. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionCannabis is the most commonly used psychoactive drug, particularly among adolescents and young adults. Accordingly, to the European Drug Report 2021, the prevalence of cannabis use is about five times that of other substances, so that last year cannabis use among EU inhabitants aged 15 to 24y is estimated at 19.2 %. Even though most human research has concluded that Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), tends to dampen rather than provoke aggression in acute doses, recent evidence suggests a relationship between cannabis usage and violent behavior, especially when associated with neurodevelopment stages.ObjectivesTo review the existing evidence on the association between cannabis and violence in young adults and provide an overview of possible mechanisms explaining this relation.MethodsLiterature review was based on PubMed/ MEDLINE, using key words inclusive for violence, cannabis and adolescence. Studies included focused the young-adults population and considered the relation between cannabis use and behaviors reported as acts of physical violence. Studies were excluded if they included self-harm behaviors.ResultsRecent studies, including case-reports, showed a global moderate association between cannabis use and violence. Preliminary data has even highlighted a potential larger effect in more frequent users. Also, the cannabis role in the central nervous system (CNS), with most expression in the limbic cortices, and especially as it participates in a variety of brain function modulations - including executive functions, inhibition/impulsivity, and emotional control, has been pointed as one of the main arguments for this relation.ConclusionsFurther studies may shed light on the effects of cannabis use on behavior.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Self-Immolation in the Arab World: A Systematic Review
Authors: El Hayek S. , Cherro M. , El Harake N. , Ghossoub E. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionSelf-immolation is the centuries-old act of setting fire to oneself. Recent spikes in self-immolation events have been noticed in the Arab world, specifically in the aftermath of the Arab Spring in 2011.ObjectivesTo examine the literature assessing the characteristics and patterns of suicide by self-immolation in the Arab world.MethodsWe registered our systematic review in Prospero [CRD42020207164]. We searched PubMed, Medline, PsycInfo, Embase, and Scopus databases from inception until 6 September 2021. We collected relevant articles via title and abstract screening followed by full-text screening. We then conducted a narrative synthesis of the results.Results
We found 31 out of 314 articles that fit our inclusion criteria: 4 qualitative and 27 quantitative cross-sectional studies. The quantitative studies had a sample size ranging from 22 to 600 self-inflicted burn victims. The studies emanated from Iraq (n=16), Tunisia (n=6), Saudi Arabia (n=2), Libya (n=2), Jordan (n=2), and Egypt, Palestine and Bahrain collectively (n=3). Studies showed that self-immolators are commonly married females, age ranging between 13 and 66 years old, having no education or solely primary education, and of low socioeconomic status. Self-immolation was more likely to happen at home, usually following marital conflicts, with the primary motive being suicide. Studies highlighted an increase of self-immolation as a form of protest. Kerosene was the most commonly used accelerant. Depression was the most comorbid mental health diagnosis.ConclusionsSelf-immolation is not uncommon in the Arab world. Specific interventions directed at the population at risk are warranted.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Sequences for reporting on mild and serious types of suicidal behaviours: A population-based study in Latvia in 2010-2018
Authors: Mieze K. , Kivite-Urtane A. , Grinberga D. , Velika B. , Pudule I. , Rancans E. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionLatvia is listed as a country with one of the highest suicide mortality rates in European Union (National Statistical System of Latvia, 2021).ObjectivesTo assess the sequences for reporting of suicidal behaviours (SB) in Latvian general population.MethodsThe study is based on secondary data of the Health Behaviour Among Latvian Adult Population survey, provided by the Centre for Disease Prevention and Control of Latvia (representative sample of the Latvian population aged 15-64 in 2010, 2012, 2014; 15-74 in 2016, 2018; (n=16,105). Respondents were asked to report the occurrence of life-weariness (LW), death wishes (DW), suicidal ideation (SI), suicidal plans (SP), suicide attempts (SA) during the previous year.ResultsStatistically significant differences between genders were found for LW (Χ²=17.118; df=1; p<0.001; AR=±4.1), DW (Χ²=17.764; df=1; p<0.001; AR=±3.8) and any type of SB (Χ²=15.721; df=1; p<0.001; AR=±3.8). Frequencies of individual sequences of reporting last year SB are presented in Table.Sequences for reporting on SB in 2010-2018N%ContiniousLW88535.3LW+DW74629.7LW+DW+SI25510.2LW+DW+SI+SP30012.0LW+DW+SI+SP+SA512.0Continious not completeDW1465.8DW+SI130.5Non-continiousLW+DW+SI+SA00.0LW+DW+SP130.5LW+SI441.8LW+SI+SP70.3LW+SI+SP+SA10.0LW+SP80.3DW+SI+SA00.0DW+SP00.0SI160.6SI+SA00.0SI+SP30.1SP130.5Other90.4Total2510100ConclusionsFurther research is warranted to identify vulnerable groups in the Latvian general population in relation to suicidality and thus to develop targeted preventive measures.DisclosureThis work has been developed with financing from the European Social Fund and Latvian state budget within the project no. 8.2.2.0/20/I/004 “Support for involving doctoral students in scientific research and studies at Rīga Stradiņš University.
Sudden Death of Mental Health Service Users During a Pandemic; a follow up study of consecutive unexpected deaths during the current pandemic compared to a previous consecutive cohort of persons who took their own lives
Authors: Haley C. , Mcdaid R. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThe Covid pandemic has mental health consequences. This study examined service user suicides for thirteen months during the pandemic and “lock down” restrictions in Ireland .It compares variables from this group with a previous 2016 study examining service user suicides conducted in Ireland. Despite a previous trend of improving suicide there was an increase in people who were involved with mental health services completing suicide during the pandemic.ObjectivesTo hypothesize that social disequilibrium caused by the Covid pandemic and its control measures may remove the benefit of protective factors in suicide.MethodsThe 2016 study used the Suicide Support and Information System- Psychological Autopsy Model as its methodology.The Rosenberg criteria were used to make a determination of suicide. This 2021 study used an anonymous clinical record review to repeat some key variables identified in the SSIS-PAM work. Statiscal comparisons were made.ResultsThe pandemic group had a different pattern of suicide with low levels of significance between four variables. The majority were female, in a relationship, had jobs, no history of self-harm, no family history of mental illness, less addiction problems and in-patient care. Like the 2016 group they did have diagnoses of mental illness, were in regular contact with services and were prescribed medication. Their suicides were predominantly hanging and drowning.ConclusionsDuring the pandemic suicide increased. Protective factors such as relationships and employment were increased in pandemic suicides who also had less vulnerability factors such as addiction problems and self-harm. “Real time” suicide data collection such as a suicide observatory model might identify more significant trends.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Psicosis and suicide risk: who, when and why
Authors: Gonçalves Cerejeira J. , Santos Carrasco I. , De Andrés Lobo C. , Vallecillo Adame C. , Jiménez Aparicio T. , Guerra Valera G. , Queipo De Llano De La Viuda M. , Gonzaga Ramírez A. , Martin-Santiago O. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionSuicide rates in people diagnosed with a psychotic disorder can be up to 50 times higher than in the general population, with the lethality of attempts being significantly higher in this group, compared to people diagnosed with other psychiatric disorders. Furthermore, it is known that being male is associated with more serious suicide attempts and higher rates of completed suicides.ObjectivesTo reflect on the increased risk of suicide associated with psychotic disorders.MethodsCase report and literature review.ResultsCase report 40-year-old male, recently diagnosed with Schizophreniform Disorder and currently with persistent positive symptoms. He was admitted to our psychiatric hospitalization unit due to a voluntary overdose of almost 100 tablets (antihypertensives, antiarrhythmics, and benzodiazepines) and alcohol. He admits taking the pills with the aim of committing suicide. Literature review: - Around 10% of people diagnosed with schizophrenia commit suicide. - In young patients diagnosed with schizophrenia, suicide is the leading cause of death. - Between 15 and 65% of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia have depressive symptoms such as hopelessness. - Depressive symptoms in these patients seem to be directly proportionally with awareness of the disease (stigma, awareness of its severity and a sudden decrease in quality of life and social integration). - The risk of suicide increases especially in the first 10 years of the disease.ConclusionsPsychosis is an important risk factor of suicide and active preventive measures should be carried out in these patients.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Suicide in the medical community
Authors: Gonzaga A. , Medina Ojeda G. , Jiménez Aparicio T. , Queipo De Llano De La Viuda M. , Guerra Valera G. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionLike in the general population, in the medical community the most common mental disorders reported are depression and anxiety. Suicide risk was increased, especially in medical-related professions.ObjectivesTo evaluate male and female psysician suicide risk.MethodsReview all studies involving suicides, suicide attempts or suicidal ideation in health-care workers published in the last five years.ResultsSuicide decreased over time, especially in Europe. Some specialties might be at higher risk such as psychiatrists, general surgeons and anesthesiologists.ConclusionsPsysicians are an at-risk profession of suicide, with women particularly at risk.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Telesimulation for medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic: experiences and student and faculty evaluation from a UK medical school
Authors: Leung H.T.T. , Whall J. , Bruce H. , Ajaz A. , Korszun A. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, telesimulation became particularly important to continue the education of medical students during disrupted clerkships while maintaining social distancing.ObjectivesTo describe our experiences of adapting to telesimulation and evaluate this from student and faculty perspectives.MethodsThe intervention was evaluated using anonymous surveys consisting of statements rated on a five-point Likert scale from strongly disagree to strongly agree and open-ended questions asking students and facilitators what went well, what they would change and why, and for any other comments.ResultsAdaptations addressed the logistics of online delivery and the structure and content of scenarios. Logistical considerations included central organization of sessions to relieve pressures on clinicians. Pre-session case discussions were introduced to maximise time with simulated patients and give students space to socialise. Content was modified to ensure functionality online and reflect the context of the pandemic. A total of 278 students and 24 facilitators participated in the telesimulation sessions. 98.1% of students (N=109) rated the sessions as very good or good. Students benefited from practicing skills, especially clinical situations which they would rarely encounter as students, and receiving feedback. Facilitators (N=6) felt that students learnt both skills for online consultations and skills that can be transferred to face-to-face situations, but were ambivalent on whether students would benefit more from face-to-face sessions.ConclusionsTelesimulation is a safe and effective option that offers additional opportunities for students to develop telemedicine skills. Going forward, telesimulation should complement face-to-face delivery to develop future clinicians who are proficient in both remote and face-to-face working.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
An Evaluation of Mental Health Professionals’ Confidence in Performing Perinatal Assessments & The Need for the Development of an Assessment Tool
Authors: Delvi A. , Blake L. , Lapraik A. , Lewis G. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionClinicians often do not have experience assessing perinatal patients unless they work as part of a perinatal team. Informal feedback points to a lack of confidence in performing perinatal assessments.ObjectivesThe aim of the project was to assess clinicians’ confidence in performing perinatal assessments in outpatient and inpatient settings including the Emergency Department. Additionally, we wanted to assess whether access to a perinatal assessment tool was beneficial. We hypothesise that clinicians lack confidence in performing perinatal assessments and would benefit from using a perinatal assessment tool.MethodsWe designed a survey of 10 questions assessing the above. The survey was sent out to psychiatric trainees and nurses at South London & Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust. The participant’s confidence in completing perinatal assessments in various settings was assessed using a 5 point Likert scale.Results52 responses were received. 50% of participants felt not so confident in performing perinatal assessments in the outpatient setting. 40.38%(n=21) of participants felt not so confident in exploring the mother and foetal relationship. 71.15% (n=37) of participants felt that they would benefit from additional teaching with 48.1% of participants citing that they would benefit from access to an assessment tool.ConclusionsAs predicted, the results of the survey show that clinicians lack confidence in performing perinatal assessments. Therefore, we have commenced work on modifying the existing Stafford Interview. This is a structured interview that explores the obstetric and psycho-social background and psychiatric complications of pregnancy. The survey is due to be replicated in other project locations to allow transcultural comparison.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Representations of reproductive difficulties in women participating in support groups
Authors: Bityutskaya E. , Vorontsova E. , Lebedeva N. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionWomen with reproductive difficulties often feel stigmatized and isolated. Information concerning their specific experience can help plan psychosocial interventions.ObjectivesThe study aims to analyze reproductive difficulties representations in women with different coping orientations.Methods

Participants: 48 women (aged 24-43) from support groups arranged by the “You Are Not Alone” non-profit organization for women with reproductive issues. Based on the questionnaire “Types of Orientations in Difficult Situation”, participants were divided into three groups: approach coping (N=16), avoidance coping (N=9), ambivalent coping (N=23). Content analysis was conducted based on stories about reproduction difficulties experiences.ResultsTable 1
Groups
Categories
Approach coping
Ambivalent copingAvoidance coping1.EmotionsNegative emotions31%43%Hope31%Mobilization to solve the problem48%Severe emotional state9%67%No emotion38%33%2.GoalsBirth of a child81%61%44%Acceptance/inner harmony13%26%Understanding the cause of difficulties7%13%Maintaining the integrity of the body56%3.Worst-case scenarioNo child56%70%33%Illness/depression/insanity13%44%Own death13%4%22%Denial of the possibility of the worst-case scenario19%9%4.Best-case scenarioHaving a child100%91%67%Accepting infertility6%Improving own health33%Objective indicator: perinatal losses6%27%14%ConclusionsWe identified three types of representation of reproductive difficulties in women: approaching the goal of having a child; avoidance (fear of own death/illness/insanity or not having a child); ambivalent coping (alternating approach/avoidance). Funding: The study was funded by RFBR, project number 20-013-00838.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Structural gender inequalities and symptoms of postpartum depression in 40 countries
Authors: Martinez Diaz P.A. , Nazif-Munoz J. , Magaña I. , Rojas G. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThe extent to which structural gender inequality contributes to macro-level differences in postpartum depression (PPD) remains largely unknown.ObjectivesTo examine the association of structural gender inequalities with national-level prevalence estimates of PPD symptoms.MethodsMeta-analytically derived national-level estimates for the prevalence of PPD symptoms – based on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) – were combined with economic (e.g., income inequality), health (e.g., infant mortality rate), sociodemographic (e.g., urban population), and structural gender inequality variables (e.g., abortion policies) for 40 countries (276 primary studies). Data came from a prior meta-analysis on PPD prevalence and international agencies (e.g., UNICEF). Meta-regression techniques and traditional p-value based stepwise procedures, complemented with a Bayesian model averaging approach, were used for a robust selection of variables associated with national-level PPD symptom prevalence. Sensitivity analyses excluded primary studies with small sample sizes or countries lacking evidence for psychometric properties of the EPDS.ResultsIncome inequality (β = 0.04, 95% CI = 0.02 to 0.07) and abortion policies (β = 0.02, 95% CI = 0.00 to 0.03) were the only variables included in the final, adjusted model, accounting for 60.7% of the variance in PPD symptoms across countries. Gradual liberalizations of abortion policies were associated with a 2% decrease in national-level PPD symptom prevalence. Results were robust to sensitivity analyses.ConclusionsStructural gender inequalities might be social determinants of PPD, as the liberalization of abortion policies seem to impact women’s perinatal mental health on a population level. More research on structural gender inequality is needed to guide policy and practice.DisclosureNo significant relationships.