bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermoregeneration of Fouling‐Inhibiting Plastrons on Conductive Laser‐Induced Graphene Coatings by Joule Heating
Authors: Manderfeld Emily , Nunes Kleinberg Maurício , Thamaraiselvan Chidambaram , Arnusch Christopher J. , Rosenhahn Axel 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSuperhydrophobic surfaces are capable to resist the adhesion of organisms through a surface bound air layer, known as a plastron. However, the lifetime of such plastrons is limited and their decay results in the loss of the protective barrier against organism attachment. Here a method is established to replenish the plastron by Joule heating of electrically conductive, superhydrophobic laser‐induced graphene (SLIG) coatings. Local heating with a DC current reduces the water solubility of gases and the growth of an initial microplastron into a macroplastron through gas nucleation at the liquid–air interface is observed. Small temperature differences between the surface and the surrounding water could induce this effect. Different SLIG surfaces are challenged against biofouling by the diatom Navicula perminuta under dynamic conditions and it is shown that surfaces with intact plastron resist diatom accumulation. Surfaces without the protective air layer are found to accumulate high amounts of diatoms. The results underline the promising potential of plastron‐based antifouling approaches because plastrons can be stabilized for extended times. This strategy could be applied to many other materials for an effective protection against fouling organism.
Porous Dielectric Elastomer Based Flexible Multiaxial Tactile Sensor for Dexterous Robotic or Prosthetic Hands
Authors: Ham Jooyeun , Huh Tae Myung , Kim Jayoung , Kim Jin‐Oh , Park Steve , Cutkosky Mark R. , Bao Zhenan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis article presents a lightweight, flexible, multiaxial, and multimodal capacitive tactile sensing design for robotic or prosthetic hand manipulation. The sensor conforms readily to curved surfaces, which wrap around the back and sides of a finger. With a microstructured porous dielectric material, the sensor has a desirable combination of a wide dynamic range with high resolution (0.5–500 kPa in the normal direction). Each taxel measures a combination of normal, shear, and torsional stresses. The capacitive sensor uses active shielding to reduce sensitivity to electromagnetic interference and when contacting a variety of materials with different conductivity and dielectric constants—including soft, wet materials such as tofu or gelatin. By dynamically changing the combinations of electrodes sampled, the sensor can also provide dynamic tactile information at frequencies over 100 Hz. With this combination of capabilities, the sensor is demonstrated for detecting changes in grasp force, and events such as making or breaking contact and the onset of linear or torsional sliding. This work presents the design and characterization of the sensor and demonstrates it in tasks such as handling fragile food items.
Direct Inkjet 3D Printing Microwires with Small Feature Size by Freezing, Sublimation, and Evaporation Induced Colloidal Nanoparticles Self‐Assembly Mechanism
Authors: Guo Hao , Zhao Lilan , Qian Bo , Wu Qixin , Wang Rui , Hua Tianxiang , Qin Jing , Li Lingying , Shi Xuejun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe feature size (FS) of inkjet printing is limited by nozzle size and drop spreading, which limits the realization of small optoelectronics devices and 3D microstructures. Some methods can realize small FS, but sacrifice advantages of inkjet technology. For instance, dewetting can reduce FS with all the advantages of inkjet technology kept, but is hard to print wires due to Rayleigh–Plateau instability. To solve these problems, in this paper, freezing and sublimation are introduced to direct inkjet printing wire processes. After optimizing the glycerol amount and adding tert‐butyl alcohol (TBA) in water‐based nanoparticle inks, condensed microwires of PS colloidal nanoparticles, graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets, and silver nanowires (AgNws) with small FS can be printed, respectively, by freezing, sublimation, and evaporation induced nanoparticle self‐assembly (FSE‐INS) mechanism. Using printhead with the nozzle size of 21 µm, the minimum feature size is only ≈2 µm for GO nanosheet samples. The FSE‐INS mechanism shows particle‐dimension dependent structure properties, introduces an additional particle manipulation freedom perpendicular to the substrate with sacrificial vertical solid surfaces, and exhibits great potential to realize small and novel devices and 3D structures, without sacrificing the advantages of inkjet technology.
Hydrogels with Reversible Heat‐Trained Toughness for Convenient Manufacture
Authors: Liu Yi , Cui Hongyuan , Wang Xiaolin , Ouyang Gangfeng , Guo Hui 
Published: October 2022

AbstractManufacturing hydrogels with programmable and reversible mechanical performance is pivotal for practical applications. In this work, a simple yet effective strategy is developed to fulfill this goal by training hydrogels with heat in different environments. The key point is to delicately tune the formation of the crystalline domains, thus reversibly switching the materials from liquid to solid, or from soft to rigid. For illustration, hydrogel precursors are taken with soluble semicrystalline polyvinyl alcohol and noncrystalline hydrophilic polymers. Upon training with heat in the air and reswelling in aqueous media, super stable and tough hydrogels are readily afforded with the crystalline domains serving as load‐bearing phases and physical crosslinks, which endows the gels with satisfactory processability. Various factors, such as training temperature and duration, can effectively regulate the training effect and endows the hydrogels with highly programmable mechanical performance. Upon experiencing another training process with heat in the water, the crystalline domains can be readily disrupted, which endows the materials with good recyclability. Combining these advantages, this strategy is well adaptable for various processing technologies for manufacturing hydrogels, and enables the gels with promising applications such as antifouling hydrogel coatings.
Strain‐Stabilized CsPbI3 Perovskite via Organopolysilazane for Efficient Solar Cells with Efficiency over 19%
Authors: Yu Haixuan , Li Xiongjie , Zhang Zhiguo , Ban Huaxia , Gong Xiu , Liu Zhirong , Zhang Miaomiao , Sun Qiang , Zhang Tao , Shen Yan , Zhang Xiao‐Li , Zhu Jun , Wang Mingkui 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPrincipally, all‐inorganic perovskite crystals, such as CsPbI3, possess higher thermal stability than their organic–inorganic hybrid counterparts, like CH3NH3PbI3, due to the type of chemical bond variants. However, considering a retained strain in these stiff films, it is a challenge to stabilize CsPbI3 within the photoactive phase for photovoltaic application under ambient conditions. This article reports organopolysilazane (OPSZ) as a strain compensation layer that regulates the tense strain during the annealing process, a very attractive feature for all‐inorganic perovskite solar cells with a CsPbI3 active layer. When depositing OPSZ onto the surface of CsPbI3 film for thin‐film solar cell devices with FTO/c‐TiO2/CsPbI3/spiro‐OMeTAD/Au architecture, an efficiency of 19.12% is achieved under standard illumination test conditions. This strain compensation layer offers a viable pathway to develop efficient and stable solar cells with inorganic perovskite crystalline thin films for scale‐up and practical applications.
Strain‐Driven Thermal and Optical Instability in Silver/Amorphous‐Silicon Hyperbolic Metamaterials
Authors: Ocana‐Pujol Jose L. , Forster Lea , Spolenak Ralph , Galinski Henning 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHyperbolic metamaterials show exceptional optical properties, such as near‐perfect broadband absorption, due to their geometrically‐engineered optical anisotropy. Many of their proposed applications, such as thermophotovoltaics or radiative cooling, require high‐temperature stability. In this work, Ag/a‐Si multilayers are examined as a model system for the thermal stability of hyperbolic metamaterials. Using a combination of nanotomography, finite element simulations, and optical spectroscopy, the thermal and optical instability of the metamaterials is mapped. Although the thermal instability initiates at 300 °C, the hyperbolic dispersion persists up to 500 °C. Direct finite element simulations on tomographical data provide a route to decouple and evaluate interfacial and elastic strain energy contributions to the instability. Depending on stacking order the instability's driving force is either dominated by changes in anisotropic elastic strain energy due thermal expansion mismatch or by minimization of interfacial energy. These findings open new avenues to understand multilayer instability and pave the way to design hyperbolic metamaterials able to withstand high temperatures.
Selective Intermolecular Dual Amino‐Trifluoromethylation of Alkenes by High‐Valent Cu(III)−CF3Compounds
Authors: Chen Ning , Zhang Song‐Lin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA selective intermolecular amino‐trifluoromethylation of alkenes is developed to produce a range of biologically active β‐trifluoromethyl amines. This method exploits a crucial high‐valent Cu(III)−CF3complex as a combined source of CF3radical and Cu(II) oxidant through homolytic Cu(III)−CF3bond cleavage. This unique mode of CF3radical generation is distinct from current dominant methods that rely largely on photoredox catalysis or the use of sacrificing radical initiator. This represents a significant advantage in that it greatly simplifies the reaction conditions, brings about operational convenience, and is beneficial to suppress various side reactions under otherwise more complicated conditions. A tertiary alkyl radical generated from addition of CF3radical to alkenes is proposed to react with amines to enable C−N formation with the assistance of in‐situ Cu(II) oxidant. This reaction shows good chemo‐ and regio‐selectivity, suppressing a number of potential side reactions. The free manipulation of readily available Cu(III)−CF3compound and feedstock compounds of alkenes and anilines greatly broadens the reaction scope. The good chemo‐ and regioselectivity, and operational convenience make this reaction attractive from the synthetic viewpoint. The reactivity of high‐valent Cu(III)−CF3compounds disclosed in this study may be exploited to develop other interesting reactions, and to enrich the currently underdeveloped Cu(III) chemistry.magnified image
Enhanced CO2 Photoreduction by Ni(OH)2‐x/WO3 Nanofibers with Efficient CO2 Activation and Charge Separation
Authors: Lin Yuan , Huang Guimei , Chen Lv , Zhang Jianhua , Liu Lijun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractElectrospun WO3 nanofibers show great potential in solar‐powered CO2 reduction, but they still suffer from rapid charge recombination and difficult CO2 activation. Here, WO3 nanofibers are modified by in situ growth of freestanding oxygen‐vacancy Ni(OH)2‐x nanosheets, and explored their charge separation and CO2 reduction mechanisms by using in situ characterization techniques and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Some electrons of Ni(OH)2‐x transferred to WO3 nanofibers upon hybridization owing to their remarkable different work function, which induces a built‐in electric field (BIEF) at interfaces with directions pointing from Ni(OH)2‐x to WO3. Driven by the electric field, the photogenerated electrons flow to Ni(OH)2‐x, while the holes remain at WO3, achieving spatial charge separation. Further, CO2 adsorbed on Ni(OH)2‐x shows apparent molecular activation, as suggested by its bent and elongated OCO bonds. The Ni(OH)2‐x/WO3 nanofibers exhibit an enhanced CO production rate with respect to WO3 (54.4 vs 8.1 µmol g−1 h−1). The 13CO2 isotope tracing experiment confirms that the CO product originated from the input CO2. This work may inspire the development of more advanced photocatalysts for CO2 activation and photoreduction by defect engineering.
Electrical Manipulation of Oxygen Ion Migrations for the Voltage‐Controlled Adjustment of Magnetic Anisotropy and Optimized Skyrmion Generations
Authors: Tran Bao Xuan , Yang Seungmo , Kim Hyun‐Joong , Ha Jae‐Hyun , Yoon Seongsoo , Kim Changsoo , Moon Kyoung‐Woong , Choi Won‐Chang , Hwang Chanyong , Hong Jung‐Il 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWith the prospect of energy‐efficient spintronics by voltage‐controlled magnetic anisotropy (VCMA), various mechanisms are investigated involving electron orbital state modulations for enhanced spin–orbit interactions, couplings with piezoelectric strain, and electrochemical effect at the interface within diverse magnetoelectric coupled material systems. In the present work, chemistry and spatial distributions of atoms are fine‐tuned at the interface between ferromagnetic Co and partially oxidized Gd layers via voltage‐controlled ion migrations, achieving highly sensitive and stable VCMA operations. With combined actions of chemical diffusion and electrical driving of oxygen through amorphous Gd layer, asymmetric electrical adjustments of magnetic anisotropy could be established. Accompanied changes in the domain morphologies in the magnetic thin film layers could also be confirmed at room temperature. As the fine‐adjustments of domain morphology are essential for the skyrmions generation, voltage‐controlled interfacial chemistry and magnetic anisotropy provide an effective route to stable skyrmion generations and manipulations in the low‐power spintronics technology.
Self‐Aligning Metallic Vertical Interconnect Access Formation through Microlensing Gas Phase Electrodeposition controlling Airgap and Morphology
Authors: Schlag Leslie , Isaac Nishchay A. , Hossain Mohammad M. , Hess Anna‐Lena , Wolz Benedikt C. , Reiprich Johannes , Ziegler Mario , Pezoldt Jörg , Jacobs Heiko O. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis publication reports self‐aligning metallic via microlensing gas phase electrodeposition formation. Key operational parameters to fabricate vertical ruthenium and rhodium interconnects (via) with a diameter of 100 nm are discussed. Moreover, airgaps are implemented during the deposition process, which utilizes spark discharge to generate a flux of charged nanoparticles. An inert gas flow transports the nanoparticles through a reactor chamber close to the target substrate. The substrate uses a pre‐patterned resist with openings to a silicon/silicon dioxide/metal stack to direct the deposition of the nanoparticles to form localized self‐aligning vertical interconnects. Five process parameters were identified, which impact the morphology and conductance of the resulting interconnects: spark discharge power, gas flow rate, microlens via dimensions, substrate surface potential, and in situ flash lamp power. This parameter set enables a controlled adjustment of the via interconnect morphology and its minimum feature size. Gas flow rate in combination with spark discharge power contribute significantly to the morphology of the interconnect. Spark power and microlens via dimensions have the largest influence on the surface potential of the insulating resist cover, which enables a localized microlensing gas phase electrodeposition of a via with a controlled ratio between conducting diameter and airgap.
Reduced Open‐Circuit Voltage Loss of Perovskite Solar Cells via Forming p/p+ Homojunction and Interface Electric Field on the Surfaces of Perovskite Film
Authors: Zhang Jiankai , Sun Yapeng , Huang Chengwen , Yu Bo , Yu Huangzhong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe severe nonradiative recombination losses limit the further improvement of open‐circuit voltage (Voc) and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite solar cells (PVSCs). In this work, the 4,4′‐cyclohexylidenebis [N,N‐bis(4‐methylphenyl) benzene amine] is dissolved into the antisolvent to prepare perovskite films, which reduces defects, improves the crystallinity, and induces a p/p+ homojunction on the top surface of perovskite film. Besides, the 2‐thiophenemethylammonium iodide and 2‐thiophenethylammonium iodide form interface electric field and passivate defects on the bottom surface of perovskite film. The p/p+ homojunction and interface electric field enhance the charges’ separation and transportation efficiencies in the bulk perovskite film and at the perovskite/charge transport layer interfaces, which effectively reduces nonradiative recombination losses and Voc loss of PVSCs. Consequently, low Voc loss of 0.348 V is realized, resulting in the increase in Voc from 1.082 to 1.172 V and PCE from19.15% to 23.44%. The optimized PVSCs without encapsulation maintain 88.23% of the original PCE after exposing in the air for 1500 h. This work provides a strategy to reduce the nonradiative recombination losses and Voc loss by forming p/p+ homojunction and interface electric field on the surfaces of perovskite film, which advances the development of high‐performance PVSCs.
Top‐down enrichment of oil field microbiomes to limit souring and control oil composition during extraction operations
Authors: Hillman Ethan T. , Caceres‐Martinez Louis Edwards , Kilaz Gozdem , Solomon Kevin V. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMicrobial processes sour oil, corrode equipment, and degrade hydrocarbons at an annual global cost to the oil and gas industry of nearly $2 billion. However, top‐down control of these microbial processes can reduce their damage and enhance oil recovery. Here, we screened microbial communities from five oil wells in the Illinois basin and evaluated nutrient injection strategies to control metabolism and community composition. Molasses with molybdate supplementation stimulated gas and organic acid production while suppressing corrosive H2S formation in samples from two wells. These changes were accompanied with significant reshaping of the microbiome community. Simulations of field operations via a lab‐scale mini‐coreflood validated that oil well microbiomes can be engineered to inhibit deleterious H2S and shape oil hydrocarbon composition in situ. These pilot studies validate the economic potential and sustainability of top‐down approaches for microbiome engineering to control microbes in oil extraction and enhance the economic viability of oil recovery.
Endoplasmic reticulum sequestration empowers phosphorylation profiling on the yeast surface
Authors: Ezagui Jose , Russell Brittney , Mairena Yave , Stern Lawrence A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCells sense cues in their surrounding environment, turning extracellular stimuli into intracellular responses. Transient posttranslational modifications, such as phosphorylation, often guide these responses through tightly regulated signaling networks. There is great interest in understanding phosphorylation events that yield responses in cell signaling, but to date, methods to characterize the phosphoproteome rely on low‐throughput methods. To overcome this limitation, this study optimizes a yeast surface display system for high‐throughput screening of kinase–substrate interaction using endoplasmic reticulum (ER) sequestration. We demonstrate the ability of yeast to display phosphorylated full‐length receptor cytoplasmic domains and additionally optimized magnetic bead selections to efficiently recover yeast displaying phosphorylated domains. These lessons were applied to profiling the substrate specificity of the tyrosine kinase lymphocyte cell‐specific protein‐tyrosine kinase by mutating a phosphoacceptor motif within the CD28 cytoplasmic domain and to building multienzyme phosphorylation cascades in the yeast ER. Collectively, this study provides a facile approach for profiling kinase–substrate reactions in high throughput.
Utilization of real‐world data in assessing treatment effectiveness for diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Nowakowski Grzegorz , Maurer Matthew J. , Cerhan James R. , Dey Debarshi , Sehn Laurie H. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDirect comparisons of the effectiveness of the numerous novel therapies in the diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) treatment landscape in a range of head‐to‐head randomized phase 3 trials would be time‐consuming and costly. Comparative effectiveness studies using real‐world data (RWD) represent a complementary approach. Recently, several studies of relapsed/refractory (R/R) DLBCL have used RWD to create observational cohorts to compare patient outcomes with cohorts derived from single‐arm phase 2 trials. Using propensity score methods to balance clinically and prognostically relevant baseline covariates, closely matched patient‐level cohorts can be generated. By incorporating appropriate measures to assess covariate balance and address potential bias in comparative effectiveness study designs, robust comparative analyses can be performed. Results from such studies have been used to supplement regulatory approval of therapies assessed in single‐arm trials. While RWD studies have a greater susceptibility to bias compared to randomized controlled trials, well‐designed and appropriately analyzed studies can provide complementary real‐world evidence on treatment effectiveness.
Residential proximity to oil and gas production sites and hematologic malignancies: A case‐control study
Authors: Forster Felix , Herrera Ronald , Hoopmann Michael , Kieschke Joachim , Deitermann Bernhilde , Radon Katja 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundWe investigated the association between residential proximity to oil and gas production sites and hematologic malignancies, due to a cancer cluster in the German state of Lower Saxony.MethodsA registry‐based case‐control study was conducted including 3978 cases of hematologic malignancies diagnosed within 2013–2016 and 15,912 frequency‐matched controls randomly drawn by population registries. Residential proximity to 5333 oil and gas production sites at the time of diagnosis was calculated. Unconditional logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between living within 1 km of any exposure site and developing a hematologic malignancy. Models were adjusted for matching variables sex, age group, district, and year of diagnosis as well as for proximity to main streets and to agricultural land.ResultsWe found no association between the development of hematologic malignancies and the proximity to all oil and gas production sites (odds ratio: 0.97; 95% confidence interval: 0.85, 1.11). Focusing on gas production sites increased the odds of developing hematologic cancer (odds ratio: 1.19; 95% confidence interval: 0.97, 1.45). In stratified analyses, associations were stronger in women and for acute myeloblastic leukemia. We also found an association in the district where the initial cluster occurred.ConclusionsOur results suggest that residential proximity to oil and gas production is not a risk factor for all hematologic malignancies in general. Sporadic and past exposures are the most likely scenarios for mechanisms involving oil and gas production, leading to increased risk for certain subtypes of cancer in certain populations.
Contribution of phylogenetics to understanding the evolution and epidemiology of dengue virus
Authors: Yu Xi , Cheng Gong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDengue virus (DENV) is one of the most important arboviral pathogens in the tropics and subtropics, and nearly one‐third of the world's population is at risk of infection. The transmission of DENV involves a sylvatic cycle between nonhuman primates (NHP) and Aedes genus mosquitoes, and an endemic cycle between human hosts and predominantly Aedes aegypti. DENV belongs to the genus Flavivirus of the family Flaviviridae and consists of four antigenically distinct serotypes (DENV‐1‐4). Phylogenetic analyses of DENV have revealed its origin, epidemiology, and the drivers that determine its molecular evolution in nature. This review discusses how phylogenetic research has improved our understanding of DENV evolution and how it affects viral ecology and improved our ability to analyze and predict future DENV emergence.