bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postoperative rectovaginal fistula: Can colonic pull‐through delayed coloanal anastomosis avoid the need for definitive stoma? An experience of 28 consecutives cases
Authors: Blondeau Marc , Labiad Camélia , Melka Dan , de Ponthaud Charles , Giacca Massimo , Monsinjon Marie , Panis Yves 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimManagement of rectovaginal fistula (RVF) remains a challenge, especially in cases of postoperative RVF as they are often large and surrounded by inflammatory and fibrotic tissue, making local repair difficult or even impossible. In this situation, colonic pull‐through delayed coloanal anastomosis (DCAA) could be an interesting option. The aim of this study was to assess the results of DCAA for RVF observed after rectal surgery.MethodsAll patients who underwent DCAA for RVF were reviewed. Success was defined as a patient without stoma and without any symptoms of recurrent RVF at the end of follow‐up.ResultsFrom January 2010 to December 2020, 28 DCAA were performed for RVF after rectal surgery for rectal cancer (n = 21) or endometriosis (n = 7). Ten patients (36%) had at least one previous local procedure before DCAA. DCAA was associated with temporary ileostomy in 22/28 cases (79%). After a mean follow‐up of 23 ± 23 (2–82) months, the success rate was 86% (24/28): three patients (11%) required a definitive stoma because of poor functional results (n = 1), chronic pelvic sepsis with anastomotic leakage (n = 1) or stoma reversal refused (n = 1). Another patient (3%) presented with recurrence of RVF, 26 months after DCAA. Although not significant, the success rate was higher in cases of DCAA with diverting stoma (20/22, 91%) than without (4/6, 67%) (p = 0.191).ConclusionIn cases of postoperative RVF, DCAA is a safe option which can avoid definitive stoma in the great majority of the patients. Concomitant use of a temporary stoma appears to slightly increase the success rate.
Histopathologic and genetic findings in atypical spindle cell/pleomorphic lipomatous tumors and atypical pleomorphic fibromas
Authors: Kouhsari Laleh Montaser , LeBoit Philip E. , McCalmont Timothy H. , Hinds Brian , North Jeffrey P. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundSpindle cell lipomas, pleomorphic lipomas (SCL/PLs), and pleomorphic fibromas (PF) are tumors with loss of retinoblastoma (RB). The latest World Health Organization classification includes a category of atypical spindle cell/pleomorphic lipomatous tumors (ASPLT), which encompasses tumors in this spectrum that show atypical histopathologic features. We have observed PFs that show similar atypical features.MethodsCases of SCL/PL and PF with atypical features were collected from tissue archives between 2010 and 2019. Genetic alterations were investigated using array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH).ResultOf 15 cases found, most tumors were dermal based with fibrocytic or fibroadipocytic appearance and occasional lipoblasts. All cases had a high proliferation index with atypical mitotic figures in 71% of cases. Chromosome 13q loss was present in all cases with CGH data. Additional recurrent chromosomal losses included 17p, 16q, 17q, 20p, 4, and 10. No recurrence was found in limited follow‐up.ConclusionsASPLTs are characterized by loss of RB, prominent nuclear pleomorphism, mitotic activity including atypical mitotic figures, and genomic instability with multiple chromosomal aberrations. A similar group of tumors with these histopathologic features lacks lipomatous differentiation, and we propose the diagnosis of atypical PF as a fibromatous variant of ASPLT. Limited clinical follow‐up appears benign.
The 10‐year treatment outcome of open dialogue‐based psychiatric services for adolescents: A nationwide longitudinal register‐based study
Authors: Bergström Tomi , Seikkula Jaakko , Alakare Birgitta , Kurtti Mia , Köngäs‐Saviaro Päivi , Löhönen Elina , Miettunen Jouko , Mäkiollitervo Hannele , Taskila Jyri J. , Virta Katriina , Valtanen Kari 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimTo evaluate the 10‐year treatment outcomes and cost‐effectiveness of adolescents' mental health treatment initiated under the social network‐oriented open dialogue (OD) approach.MethodsThis longitudinal register‐based study included all persons who, for the first time, received psychiatric treatment in Finland during the period 1 January 2003–31 December 2008, and who were aged 13–20 at onset (n = 44 868). The OD group included all persons whose treatment commenced in the Western Lapland catchment area (n = 780), this being the only region in Finland where OD covered the entire mental healthcare service at the time of inclusion. The comparison group (CG) included the rest of Finland (n = 44 088). The primary outcome variables were psychiatric treatment and/or disability allowances at the end of the 10‐year follow‐up, or death. The secondary outcome variables were treatment and disability expenses. Generalized linear models weighted by inverse probability of treatment were used to study the association between OD and the primary outcomes. Population proportions were used to evaluate the cost‐effectiveness of the approaches.ResultsTreatment that commenced outside OD was associated with higher odds of continuing to receive treatment (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.4; 95%CI 1.2–1.6) and disability allowances (aOR 1.6; 95%CI 1.2–2.1) at the end of the 10‐year follow‐up. No significant difference in the mortality ratio emerged. The cumulative 10‐year expenses per capita were lower under OD.ConclusionsOD associated with favourable long‐term outcomes, but due the observational design and possible residual confounding, further studies with a more robust research design are required.
The origins of global biodiversity on land, sea and freshwater
Authors: Román‐Palacios Cristian , Moraga‐López Daniela , Wiens John J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMany biodiversity studies focus on explaining high tropical species richness, but an equally dramatic yet understudied pattern involves the divergent richness of land, sea and freshwater. Here, we reveal the origins of these richness differences among habitats across animals and plants. Most plant and animal species are terrestrial, although these habitats cover only ~28% of Earth's surface. Marine habitats have fewer species over a larger area (~70%). Freshwater habitats have relatively high richness and exceptional phylogenetic diversity given their tiny area (2%). The relative richness of habitats is related to variation in diversification rates. Based on ancestral reconstructions of habitat, we find that most marine species are descended from marine ancestors and most terrestrial species from freshwater ancestors. Yet, most extant animal richness in freshwater is derived from terrestrial ancestors. Overall, our results reveal the origins of fundamental but neglected biodiversity patterns, and highlight the conservation importance of freshwater habitats.
Physiology and aquaculture: A review of ion and acid‐base regulation by the gills of fishes
Authors: Zimmer Alex M. , Perry Steve F. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFish aquaculture facilities strive to maintain abiotic conditions that optimise somatic growth. Two physiological systems that are critically linked to environmental abiotic factors are ion and acid‐base regulation. Given the detrimental effects of ionic and acid‐base imbalances coupled with the potential energetic costs of ion and acid‐base regulation, it is important to understand how changes in abiotic variables such as salinity, temperature and pH alter ionoregulatory and acid‐base physiology. The gill is the predominant site of ion and acid‐base regulation, two linked processes that are vital to the health of fishes. Most species maintain ion levels in the blood plasma within a narrow range, independent of external ion concentrations. In freshwater (FW), fishes must actively take up ions from their dilute environment to counteract passive ion losses, while in seawater (SW), ion excretion serves to counteract passive salt gain. Ion uptake (FW) and excretion (SW) are coordinated by different subtypes of ion‐transporting cells (ionocytes) expressed in the gill epithelium. In this review, we discuss the function of FW and SW ionocytes in the movement of ions across the gill epithelium and address other features of the gill that are integral to ionoregulation. We also discuss the mechanisms of acid‐base regulation by the gill, which is intimately related to ion regulation because it is coordinated by Na+‐ and Cl−‐linked fluxes of acid (H+) and base () equivalents. These fundamental physiological principles are integral in understanding how fishes in aquaculture respond to relevant disturbances that may occur under culture conditions.
Geographies of climate change opinion
Authors: Tuitjer Leonie , Dirksmeier Peter , Mewes Lars 
Published: March 2022

AbstractClimate change can only be tackled with public support for sustainable policies. Thus, public attitudes towards climate change matter. More than 3 decades of climate change opinion (CCO) research—conducted by geographers, environmental psychologists, behavioural scientists, sociologists etc.—have provided us with a wealth of information about which predictors shape public CCOs. This review synthesises these findings and highlights the different geographies (the self, the nation, the region, the digital) that emerge within this research. Given the increased importance of social media, virtual geographies of climate change scepticism are increasingly being identified. Our paper argues that new research agendas must be developed to address the meshwork of virtual space and small scale geographies (regions, towns, districts) in which CCOs are formed.
Outcomes of primary root canal therapy: An updated systematic review of longitudinal clinical studies published between 2003 and 2020
Authors: Burns Lorel E. , Kim Jimin , Wu Yinxiang , Alzwaideh Rakan , McGowan Richard , Sigurdsson Asgeir 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundA comprehensive effort to evaluate outcomes of primary root canal therapy (RCT) between 1966 and 2002 was published by Ng et al. (2007, International Endodontic Journal, 40, 921; 2008, International Endodontic Journal, 41, 6). Changes in endodontic materials and treatment methods warrant an updated analysis of outcomes.ObjectivesThis study aimed to (1) quantify the success rates of primary RCT published between 2003 and 2020; and (2) investigate the influence of some characteristics known/suspected to be associated with treatment outcomes.MethodsAn electronic search was performed in the following databases (01‐01‐2003 to 12‐31‐2020): Pubmed, Embase, CINHAL, Cochrane and Web of Science. Included study designs were longitudinal clinical studies (randomized control trials, cohort studies, retrospective observational studies). Studies with at least twelve‐months of post‐operative review and success rates based on clinical and radiographic criteria were analysed. The terms ‘strict’ (complete resolution of periapical lesion) or ‘loose’ (reduction in size of existing periapical lesion) were used to describe the outcome criteria. Weighted, pooled success rates were calculated. Random effects meta‐regression models were used to investigate potential sources of statistical heterogeneity. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used to evaluate for quality assessment of the included studies.ResultsForty‐two studies were included in the review. Meta‐analyses showed that the weighted pooled success rates were estimated to be 92.6% (95% CI: 90.5%–94.8%) under ‘loose criteria’ and 82.0% (95% CI: 79.3%–84.8%) under ‘strict’ criteria. The most significant areas of study heterogeneity were year of publication and qualification of operator. The majority (64.29%) of studies were considered to be of low quality of evidence.DiscussionBiological factors continue to have the most significant impact on RCT outcomes. The technological method of instrumentation had no significant effect. The quality of evidence was based primarily on study design and only randomized control trials were considered to be ‘high’ quality of evidence.ConclusionsThe reported success rates show improvement over time. Weighted success rates for studies with a minimum of four‐years follow‐up had better outcomes, compared to those with less than four years, when ‘strict criteria’ were used.RegistrationPROSPERO database (CRD42021226311).
Hidradenitis suppurativa: racial and socioeconomic considerations in management
Authors: Choi Ellie C. E. , Phan Phillip H. C , Oon Hazel H. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractStudies on hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) have found an increased prevalence of HS in skin of color and lower socioeconomic status patients, although the reasons for these differences are unclear. Demographic and therapeutic studies of HS originate primarily from developed Western countries, and data from low‐ and medium‐income countries (LMIC) remain comparatively limited. In this review paper, we discuss differences in clinical presentation and comorbidities between racial and socioeconomic subpopulations and describe the genetic, biomedical, psychosocial, and ecological factors that may explain the associations between HS and skin of color and socioeconomic status. We highlight biomedical treatment considerations for LMIC including cost effective and less complex treatment strategies. We touch on population‐based strategies to address the social determinants of health in HS management and discuss additional challenges arising from the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Managing disruption risk in competing multitier supply chains
Authors: Li Yi , Zheng Rui , Guo Ju'e 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper studies the sourcing problem of two competing manufacturers in two supply chains. Each supply chain consists of a Tier 0 manufacturer, a Tier 1 supplier, and a pair of Tier 2 suppliers with different disruption probabilities. The two manufacturers are engaged in Cournot competition. The two Tier 1 suppliers that serve different manufacturers may procure from different or the same Tier 2 suppliers. We investigate the impact of upstream supply chain structures on the manufacturers' performance by comparing two representative configurations: the paralleled supply chain configuration, which has no overlap in Tier 2 suppliers, and the overlapped supply chain configuration, which has the same Tier 2 suppliers. We derive the manufacturers' equilibrium sourcing strategies in the two configurations. When the more reliable Tier 2 supplier is quite reliable or the more unreliable Tier 2 supplier is very unreliable, both manufacturers offer a low wholesale price to induce their Tier 1 suppliers for single sourcing. When the more reliable Tier 2 supplier is not sufficiently reliable and the more unreliable Tier 2 supplier is not that unreliable, both manufacturers offer a high wholesale price to induce their Tier 1 suppliers for dual sourcing. There are also certain conditions under which one manufacturer chooses the high‐price sourcing strategy and the other one chooses the low‐price sourcing strategy. Besides, we demonstrate that competition decreases the manufacturers' incentives to induce dual sourcing. In a more competitive market, the manufacturers prefer less overlap in their upper suppliers. Finally, we conduct several extensions to show the robustness of our findings.
What the curtains do not shield: A phenomenological exploration of patient‐witnessed resuscitation in hospital. Part 2: Healthcare professionals' experiences
Authors: Fiori Martina , Coombs Maureen , Endacott Ruth , Cutello Clara A. , Latour Jos M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimsTo explore healthcare professionals' experiences of patient‐witnessed resuscitation in hospital.DesignDescriptive phenomenology.MethodsHealthcare professionals involved in hospital resuscitation activities were recruited from medical, intensive care, resuscitation and education departments in a university hospital in England. Data were collected through face‐to‐face and focus group interviews, between August 2018 and January 2019. Data were analysed using Giorgi's phenomenological approach.ResultsNine registered nurses, four healthcare assistants and seven doctors participated in four individual interviews and three focus groups. Findings were related to three themes: (1) Protecting patients from witnessing resuscitation: healthcare professionals used curtains to shield patients during resuscitation, but this was ineffective. Thus, they experienced challenges in explaining resuscitation events to the other patients and communicating sensitively. (2) Emotional impact of resuscitation: healthcare professionals recognized that witnessing resuscitation impacted patients, but they also felt emotionally affected from performing resuscitation and needed coping strategies and support. (3) Supporting patients who witnessed resuscitation: healthcare professionals recognized the importance of patients' well‐being, but they felt unable to provide effective and timely support while providing life‐saving care.ConclusionHealthcare professionals involved in hospital resuscitation require specific support, guidance and education to care effectively for patients witnessing resuscitation. Improving communication, implementing regular debriefing for staff, and allocating a dedicated professional to support patients witnessing resuscitation must be addressed to improve clinical practice.ImpactThe WATCH study uncovers patients' and healthcare professionals' experiences of patient‐witnessed resuscitation, a phenomenon still overlooked in nursing research and practice. The main findings highlight that, in common with patients, healthcare professionals are subject to the emotional impact of resuscitation events and encounter challenges in supporting patients who witness resuscitation. Embedding the recommendations from this research into clinical guidelines will impact the clinical practice of healthcare professionals involved in hospital resuscitation and the quality and timeliness of care delivered to patients.
miR‐126‐5p enhances radiosensitivity of lung adenocarcinoma cells by inhibiting EZH2 via the KLF2/BIRC axis
Authors: Han Fushi , Huang Dongdong , Meng Jinqian , Chu Jiapeng , Wang Meng , Chen Shuzhen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRadiotherapy is a common method for the treatment of lung adenocarcinoma, but it often fails due to the relative non‐susceptibility of lung adenocarcinoma cells to radiation. We aimed to discuss the related mechanisms by which miR‐126‐5p might mediate radiosensitivity of lung adenocarcinoma cells. The binding affinity between miR‐126‐5p and EZH2 and between KLF2 and BIRC5 was identified using multiple assays. A549 and H1650 cells treated with X‐ray were transfected with miR‐126‐5p mimic/inhibitor, oe‐EZH2, or si‐KLF2 to detect cell biological functions and radiosensitivity. Finally, lung adenocarcinoma nude mouse models were established. miR‐126‐5p and KLF2 were poorly expressed, while EZH2 and BIRC5 were upregulated in lung adenocarcinoma tissues and cells. miR‐126‐5p targeted EZH2 to promote the KLF2 expression so as to inhibit BIRC5 activation. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments verified that elevated miR‐126‐5p inhibited cell migration and promoted apoptosis to enhance the sensitivity of lung adenocarcinoma cells to radiotherapy via the EZH2/KLF2/BIRC5 axis. Collectively, miR‐126‐5p downregulated EZH2 to facilitate the sensitivity of lung adenocarcinoma cells to radiotherapy via KLF2/BIRC5.
Use of antiretroviral therapy in nursing home residents with HIV
Authors: Zhang Tingting , Shireman Theresa I. , Meyers David J. , Zullo Andrew , Lee Yoojin , Wilson Ira B. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundAntiretroviral therapies (ARTs) are essential HIV care. As people living with HIV age and their presence in nursing homes (NHs) increases, it is critical to evaluate the quality of HIV care. We determine the rate of ART use and examine individual‐ and facility‐level characteristics associated with no ART use in a nationally representative long‐stay NH residents with HIV.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included all long‐stay Medicare fee‐for‐service NH residents (2013–2016) with HIV who had a valid Minimum Data Set assessment. Residents were followed from long‐stay qualification until death, Part D disenrollment, transfer from long‐term care to another healthcare setting, or December 31, 2016. We identified individual and facility characteristics that were associated with non‐use of ART using generalized estimating equation logistic regression.ResultsExactly 4171 eligible HIV+ residents from 2459 NHs were included in our study. Only 36% (1507 of 4171) received any ART regimen during an average of 11.6 months of observation. Older age, females, white race, receipt of Medicare skilled nursing benefits, and some major cardiometabolic comorbidities and mental health conditions were associated with non‐ART use. Rates of non‐ART use did not vary significantly by residents' end‐of‐life status (p = 0.21). Residents in facilities with a higher HIV concentration [adjusted odds ratio (adjOR) 3.42; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.13–5.48] and an AIDS unit (adjOR 2.51; 95% CI 1.92–3.30) had higher odds of using an ART.Conclusions and ImplicationsThe rate of ART use by HIV+ long‐stay NH residents was low. Facilities' experience with HIV played an important role in ART receipt. Interventions to improve rates of ART use in NHs are urgently needed to ensure optimal health outcomes.
Osteohistology of the hyperelongate hemispinous processes of Amargasaurus cazaui (Dinosauria: Sauropoda): Implications for soft tissue reconstruction and functional significance
Authors: Cerda Ignacio A. , Novas Fernando E. , Carballido José Luis , Salgado Leonardo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDicraeosaurid sauropods are iconically characterized by the presence of elongate hemispinous processes in presacral vertebrae. These hemispinous processes can show an extreme degree of elongation, such as in the Argentinean forms Amargasaurus cazaui, Pilmatueia faundezi and Bajadasaurus pronuspinax. These hyperelongated hemispinous processes have been variably interpreted as a support structure for a padded crest/sail as a display, a bison‐like hump or as the internal osseous cores of cervical horns. With the purpose to test these hypotheses, here we analyze, for the first time, the external morphology, internal microanatomy and bone microstructure of the hemispinous processes from the holotype of Amargasaurus, in addition to a second dicraeosaurid indet. (also from the La Amarga Formatin; Lower Cretaceous, Argentina). Transverse thin‐sections sampled from the proximal, mid and distal portions of both cervical and dorsal hemispinous processes reveal that the cortical bone is formed by highly vascularized fibrolamellar bone interrupted with cyclical growth marks. Obliquely oriented Sharpey's fibres are mostly located in the medial and lateral portions of the cortex. Secondary remodelling is evidenced by the presence of abundant secondary osteons irregularly distributed within the cortex. Both anatomical and histological evidence does not support the presence of a keratinized sheath (i.e. horn) covering the hyperelongated hemispinous processes of Amargasaurus, and either, using a parsimonious criterium, in other dicraeosaurids with similar vertebral morphology. The spatial distribution and relative orientation of the Sharpey's fibres suggest the presence of an important system of interspinous ligaments that possibly connect successive hemispinous processes in Amargasaurus. These ligaments were distributed along the entirety of the hemispinous processes. The differential distribution of secondary osteons indicates that the cervical hemispinous processes of Amargasaurus were subjected to mechanical forces that generated higher compression strain on the anterior side of the elements. Current data support the hypothesis for the presence of a ‘cervical sail’ in Amargasaurus and other dicraeosaurids.