bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
XNAzymes targeting the SARS-CoV-2 genome inhibit viral infection
Authors: Gerber Pehuén Pereyra , Donde Maria J. , Matheson Nicholas J. , Taylor Alexander I. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe unprecedented emergence and spread of SARS-CoV-2, the coronavirus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, underscores the need for diagnostic and therapeutic technologies that can be rapidly tailored to novel threats. Here, we show that site-specific RNA endonuclease XNAzymes – artificial catalysts composed of single-stranded synthetic xeno-nucleic acid oligonucleotides (in this case 2’-deoxy-2’-fluoro-β-D-arabino nucleic acid) – may be designed, synthesised and screened within days, enabling the discovery of a range of enzymes targeting SARS-CoV-2 ORF1ab, ORF7b, spike- and nucleocapsid-encoding RNA. Three of these are further engineered to self-assemble into a catalytic nanostructure with enhanced biostability. This XNA nanostructure is capable of cleaving genomic SARS-CoV-2 RNA under physiological conditions, and when transfected into cells inhibits infection with authentic SARS-CoV-2 virus by RNA knockdown. These results demonstrate the potential of XNAzymes to provide a platform for the rapid generation of antiviral reagents.
On-chip generation and dynamic piezo-optomechanical rotation of single photons
Authors: Bühler Dominik D. , Weiß Matthias , Crespo-Poveda Antonio , Nysten Emeline D. S. , Finley Jonathan J. , Müller Kai , Santos Paulo V. , de Lima Mauricio M. , Krenner Hubert J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntegrated photonic circuits are key components for photonic quantum technologies and for the implementation of chip-based quantum devices. Future applications demand flexible architectures to overcome common limitations of many current devices, for instance the lack of tuneabilty or built-in quantum light sources. Here, we report on a dynamically reconfigurable integrated photonic circuit comprising integrated quantum dots (QDs), a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) and surface acoustic wave (SAW) transducers directly fabricated on a monolithic semiconductor platform. We demonstrate on-chip single photon generation by the QD and its sub-nanosecond dynamic on-chip control. Two independently applied SAWs piezo-optomechanically rotate the single photon in the MZI or spectrally modulate the QD emission wavelength. In the MZI, SAWs imprint a time-dependent optical phase and modulate the qubit rotation to the output superposition state. This enables dynamic single photon routing with frequencies exceeding one gigahertz. Finally, the combination of the dynamic single photon control and spectral tuning of the QD realizes wavelength multiplexing of the input photon state and demultiplexing it at the output. Our approach is scalable to multi-component integrated quantum photonic circuits and is compatible with hybrid photonic architectures and other key components for instance photonic resonators or on-chip detectors.
RasGRP1 promotes the acute inflammatory response and restricts inflammation-associated cancer cell growth
Authors: Wang Cong , Li Xue , Xue Binbin , Yu Changping , Wang Luoling , Deng Rilin , Liu Hui , Chen Zihao , Zhang Yingdan , Fan Suping , Zuo Chaohui , Sun Hungyu , Zhu Haizhen , Wang Jianli , Tang Songqing 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAn acute inflammatory response needs to be properly regulated to promote the elimination of pathogens and prevent the risk of tumorigenesis, but the relevant regulatory mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Here, we report that Ras guanine nucleotide-releasing protein 1 (RasGRP1) is a bifunctional regulator that promotes acute inflammation and inhibits inflammation-associated cancer. At the mRNA level, Rasgrp1 activates the inflammatory response by functioning as a competing endogenous RNA to specifically promote IL-6 expression by sponging let-7a. In vivo overexpression of the Rasgrp1 3’ untranslated region enhances lipopolysaccharide-induced systemic inflammation and dextran sulphate sodium-induced colitis in Il6+/+ mice but not in Il6-/- mice. At the protein level, RasGRP1 overexpression significantly inhibits the tumour-promoting effect of IL-6 in hepatocellular carcinoma progenitor cell-like spheroids. Examination of the EGFR signalling pathway shows that RasGRP1 inhibits inflammation-associated cancer cell growth by disrupting the EGFR-SOS1-Ras-AKT signalling pathway. Tumour patients with high RasGRP1 expression have better clinical outcomes than those with low RasGRP1 expression. Considering that acute inflammation rarely leads to tumorigenesis, this study suggests that RasGRP1 may be an important bifunctional regulator of the acute inflammatory response and tumour growth.
F-actin architecture determines constraints on myosin thick filament motion
Authors: Muresan Camelia G. , Sun Zachary Gao , Yadav Vikrant , Tabatabai A. Pasha , Lanier Laura , Kim June Hyung , Kim Taeyoon , Murrell Michael P. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractActive stresses are generated and transmitted throughout diverse F-actin architectures within the cell cytoskeleton, and drive essential behaviors of the cell, from cell division to migration. However, while the impact of F-actin architecture on the transmission of stress is well studied, the role of architecture on the ab initio generation of stresses remains less understood. Here, we assemble F-actin networks in vitro, whose architectures are varied from branched to bundled through F-actin nucleation via Arp2/3 and the formin mDia1. Within these architectures, we track the motions of embedded myosin thick filaments and connect them to the extent of F-actin network deformation. While mDia1-nucleated networks facilitate the accumulation of stress and drive contractility through enhanced actomyosin sliding, branched networks prevent stress accumulation through the inhibited processivity of thick filaments. The reduction in processivity is due to a decrease in translational and rotational motions constrained by the local density and geometry of F-actin.
Accessibility and availability of smartphone apps for schizophrenia
Authors: Kwon Sam , Firth Joseph , Joshi Devayani , Torous John 
Published: November 2022

AbstractApp-based interventions have the potential to enhance access to and quality of care for patients with schizophrenia. However, less is known about the current state of schizophrenia apps in research and how those translate to publicly available apps. This study, therefore, aimed to review schizophrenia apps offered on marketplaces and research literature with a focus on accessibility and availability. A search of recent reviews, gray literature, PubMed, and Google Scholar was conducted in August 2022. A search of the U.S. Apple App Store and Google Play App Store was conducted in July 2022. All eligible studies and apps were systematically screened/reviewed. The academic research search produced 264 results; 60 eligible studies were identified. 51.7% of research apps were built on psychosis-specific platforms and 48.3% of research apps were built on non-specific platforms. 83.3% of research apps offered monitoring functionalities. Only nine apps, two designed on psychosis-specific platforms and seven on non-specific platforms were easily accessible. The search of app marketplaces uncovered 537 apps; only six eligible marketplace apps were identified. 83.3% of marketplace apps only offered psychoeducation. All marketplace apps lacked frequent updates with the average time since last update 1121 days. There are few clinically relevant apps accessible to patients on the commercial marketplaces. While research efforts are expanding, many research apps are unavailable today. Better translation of apps from research to the marketplace and a focus on sustainable interventions are important targets for the field.
Maternal childhood trauma is associated with offspring body size during the first year of life
Authors: Apanasewicz Anna , Danel Dariusz P. , Piosek Magdalena , Wychowaniec Patrycja , Babiszewska-Aksamit Magdalena , Ziomkiewicz Anna 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMaternal childhood trauma (MCT) is an important factor affecting offspring size at birth. Whether the effect of MCT persists during the subsequent development remains unclear. We present the results of a semi-longitudinal investigation examining the physical growth of infants born to mothers with high (HCT) and low (LCT) childhood trauma during the first year of life. One hundred healthy mother-infant dyads were included based on following criteria: exclusive breastfeeding, birth on term with appropriate weight for gestational age. MCT was assessed using the Early Life Stress Questionnaire. The weight, length, and head circumference of the infant were taken at birth, 5 and 12 months postpartum. Separate MANCOVA models were run for infant size at each age. We found an association between MCT and infant size at 5 and 12 months. The children of mothers with HCT had higher weight and greater head circumference than the children of mothers with LCT. These results suggest that MCT might contribute to developmental programming of offspring growth during the first year of life. From an evolutionary perspective, the larger size of HCT mother's offspring might represent an adaptation to potentially harsh environmental conditions. This effect might be mediated by epigenetic changes to DNA and altered breast milk composition.
Discovering the structure and organization of a free Cantonese emotion-label word association graph to understand mental lexicons of emotions
Authors: Wong Ting Yat , Fang Zhiqian , Yu Yat To , Cheung Charlton , Hui Christy L. M. , Elvevåg Brita , De Deyne Simon , Sham Pak Chung , Chen Eric Y. H. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractEmotions are not necessarily universal across different languages and cultures. Mental lexicons of emotions depend strongly on contextual factors, such as language and culture. The Chinese language has unique linguistic properties that are different from other languages. As a main variant of Chinese, Cantonese has some emotional expressions that are only used by Cantonese speakers. Previous work on Chinese emotional vocabularies focused primarily on Mandarin. However, little is known about Cantonese emotion vocabularies. This is important since both language variants might have distinct emotional expressions, despite sharing the same writing system. To explore the structure and organization of Cantonese-label emotion words, we selected 79 highly representative emotion cue words from an ongoing large-scale Cantonese word association study (SWOW-HK). We aimed to identify the categories of these emotion words and non-emotion words that related to emotion concepts. Hierarchical cluster analysis was used to generate word clusters and investigate the underlying emotion dimensions. As the cluster quality was low in hierarchical clustering, we further constructed an emotion graph using a network approach to explore how emotions are organized in the Cantonese mental lexicon. With the support of emotion knowledge, the emotion graph defined more distinct emotion categories. The identified network communities covered basic emotions such as love, happiness, and sadness. Our results demonstrate that mental lexicon graphs constructed from free associations of Cantonese emotion-label words can reveal fine categories of emotions and their relevant concepts.
Resistin as a risk factor for all-cause (and cardiovascular) death in the general population
Authors: del Cristo Rodríguez Pérez María , González Delia Almeida , Rodríguez Itahisa Marcelino , Coello Santiago Domínguez , Fernández Francisco J. Cuevas , Díaz Buenaventura Brito , de León Antonio Cabrera 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSerum resistin is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that has been described as a risk factor associated with mortality in several clinical sets including type 2 diabetes. Mortality studies in the general population are needed to find out the risk of death associated to this cytokine. In a follow-up study of a cohort of adult population (n = 6636) in Spain over a period of fifteen years (447 deaths/102,255 person-years), serum resistin measurements and death records were obtained. The risks of all-cause deaths, and deaths from cardiovascular and oncological diseases were estimated. Hazard ratios (HR) and its confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using multivariable Cox models, adjusting the effect of 11 traditional risk factors. The risk of all-cause mortality among participants exposed to the highest quintile of resistin was always higher than among those in the lowest quintile (HR varied between 1.55 when smoking was the adjusted factor [95% CI 1.17–2.05], and 1.68 when the adjusted factor was physical activity [95% CI 1.27–2.21]). The maximally adjusted model, accounting for the effect of all traditional factors, corroborated this higher risk of all-cause mortality among people in the highest resistin quintile (HR = 1.52; 95% CI 1.13–2.05). The effect of resistin was even higher for cardiovascular deaths (HR = 2.14; 95% CI 1.13–4.06), being exceeded only by suffering diabetes (HR = 3.04; 95% CI 1.98–4.69) or previous acute coronary syndrome (HR = 3.67; 95% CI 2.18–6.18). This findings corroborate the role of resistin as a risk factor for all-cause (and cardiovascular) death in the general population.
Bionic adaptive fault-tolerant control of non-Gaussian stochastic attitude hypersonic vehicle
Authors: Hu Kai-Yu , Zhu Kun , Sun Wenjing 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study investigates an adaptive fault-tolerant control (FTC) for hypersonic flight vehicles (HFVs) with incipient faults and non-Gaussian stochastic output attitudes. In the nonlinear HFV dynamics, a hybrid fuzzy approximation method achieves the linearization, then the stochastic outputs are transformed into probability density functions (PDFs) via rational square root B-spline. The disturbance and faults are estimated simultaneously by an adaptive augmented observer. Then actuator faults are compensated by an bionic adaptive fault-tolerant controller to ensure that the output PDFs accurately track the expected PDFs, thereby matching actual attitude angles with the desired ones, the bionic prey adaptive law can make FTC accurately repair the incipient fault deviations. Lyapunov theory proves the robust stability of the scheme, and simulation illustrates the effectiveness.
Physiological and biochemical responses of selected weed and crop species to the plant-based bioherbicide WeedLock
Authors: Hasan Mahmudul , Mokhtar Anis Syahirah , Mahmud Khairil , Berahim Zulkarami , Rosli Adam Mustafa , Hamdan Hafizuddin , Motmainna Mst. , Ahmad-Hamdani Muhammad Saiful 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWeedLock is a broad-spectrum plant-based bioherbicide that is currently on the market as a ready-to-use formulation. In this study, we investigated the physiological and biochemical effects of WeedLock (672.75 L ha-1) on Ageratum conyzoides L., Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn, Zea mays L., and Amaranthus gangeticus L. at four different time points. WeedLock caused significant reductions in chlorophyll pigment content and disrupted photosynthetic processes in all test plants. The greatest inhibition in photosynthesis was recorded in A. conyzoides at 24 h post-treatment with a 74.88% inhibition. Plants treated with WeedLock showed increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline production, which is indicative of phytotoxic stress. Remarkably, MDA contents of all treated plants increased by more than 100% in comparison to untreated. The activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD) was elevated following treatment with WeedLock. Significant increases were observed in the SOD activity of A. conyzoides ranging from 69.66 to 118.24% from 6 to 72 h post-treatment. Our findings confirm that WeedLock disrupts the normal physiological and biochemical processes in plants following exposure and that its mode of action is associated with ROS (reactive oxygen species) production, similar to that of PPO (protoporphyrinogen oxidase) inhibitors, although specific site-of-action of this novel bioherbicide warrants further investigation.
Seismic response of benchmark high-speed rail (HSR) round-ended rectangular-shaped cross-section solid (RERSCSS) concrete pier based on the shaking table tests
Authors: Chen Lingun , Jiang Lizhong , Kang Xin , Hu Xiaolun , Huang Xiaoming , Xu Liang , Sun Linlin , Wang Lu , Tian Yuan , Zhai Chencheng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHigh-speed rail (HSR) has recently expanded its networks globally, but its 350 km/h bridges have not yet been tested for high-level earthquakes. This study tests the typical HSR bridge on a shaking table to assess the seismic performance in high-level earthquakes such as Maximum Considered Earthquake. Based on the model similarity theory, it creates nine round-ended rectangular-shaped cross-section solid RC HSR bridge piers. It employs the orthogonal testing method to conduct experimental design considering four influential factors: aspect ratio, axial load ratio, longitudinal reinforcement rate, and volumetric stirrup ratio. Experimental research was conducted to examine the dynamic response of these piers subjected to varying seismic impacts and design parameters, and the implications of the four factors on the seismic performance of the piers were discussed. After all the earthquake circumstances, the test findings demonstrate that the concrete of the pier specimens has not cracked or spalled much. An earthquake with a peak acceleration of 0.96 g indicates that the pier body of the standard high-speed rail round-end solid pier retains its integrity and stability. The extent of the pier's earthquake damage is not immediately evident. HSR bridges' seismic design may benefit from this research, which examines the impact of dynamic characteristics, including aspect ratio, axial load ratio, and longitudinal reinforcement rate, on HSR bridge piers' seismic performance.
Crystal optics simulations for delineation of the three-dimensional cellular nuclear distribution using analyzer-based refraction-contrast computed tomography
Authors: Sunaguchi Naoki , Huang Zhuoran , Shimao Daisuke , Ichihara Shu , Nishimura Rieko , Iwakoshi Akari , Yuasa Tetsuya , Ando Masami 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRefraction-contrast computed tomography (RCT) using a refractive angle analyzer of Si perfect crystal can reconstruct the three-dimensional structure of biological soft tissue with contrast comparable to that of stained two-dimensional pathological images. However, the blurring of X-ray beam by the analyzer has prevented improvement of the spatial resolution of RCT, and the currently possible observation of tissue structure at a scale of approximately 20 µm provides only limited medical information. As in pathology, to differentiate between benign and malignant forms of cancer, it is necessary to observe the distribution of the cell nucleus, which is approximately 5–10 µm in diameter. In this study, based on the X-ray dynamical diffraction theory using the Takagi–Taupin equation, which calculates the propagation of X-ray energy in crystals, an analyzer crystal optical system depicting the distribution of cell nuclei was investigated by RCT imaging simulation experiments in terms of the thickness of the Laue-case analyzer, the camera pixel size and the difference in spatial resolution between the Bragg-case and Laue-case analyzers.
Atmosphere-solid earth coupling signals generated by the 15 January 2022 Hunga-Tonga eruption
Authors: Diaz Jordi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe January 15th 2022 eruption of the Hunga-Tonga volcano was associated to one of the highest energy volcanic explosions of the past few decades. Here we present a compilation of data from global seismic networks to explore three main topics: the time evolution of the eruption, the propagation of the atmospheric waves around the Earth and the low-frequency, long-lasting seismic signals worldwide after the main event. We find that the eruption started around 04:00, included two large explosions at 05:30 and 08:25 and produced atmospheric waves which circled the Earth more than two times during a time span of 3.5 days and were detected seismically. We also identify very low frequency signals, detected over several hours, which we interpret as resulting from the excitation of Earth normal modes. To our knowledge, there are no previous examples of atmospheric-solid Earth coupling over such a long time interval and only two examples of normal mode excitation following volcanic eruptions.
Beinschmerz – dermatologische Ursachen
Authors: Kahle Birgit 
Published: November 2022

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Als Grund für akute oder chronische Beinschmerzen werden oft vaskuläre Erkrankungen vermutet. Es stellt sich die Frage, ob auch dermatologische Krankheiten mit Beinschmerzen einhergehen.
Methode Dermatologische Krankheitsbilder werden hinsichtlich einer begleitenden oder kausalen Schmerzhaftigkeit systematisch dargestellt.
Ergebnisse Bei Infektionserkrankungen der Haut steht der Schmerz im Vordergrund, allergische oder toxische Kontaktdermatitiden, Juckreizerkrankungen sowie kutane Autoimmunerkrankungen gehen mit Schmerzen einher.
Zusammenfassung Bei unklaren Beinschmerzen sollte auch an eine zugrundeliegende dermatologische Erkrankung gedacht werden. Der Schmerz kann als Prodromalsymptom bei Herpes zoster auftreten.
Incomplete resection of colorectal polyps of 4–20 mm in size when using a cold snare, and its associated factors
Authors: von Renteln Daniel , Djinbachian Roupen , Benard Florence , Barkun Alan N. , Bouin Mickael , Bouchard Simon , Deslandres Érik , Panzini Benoit , Sidani Sacha , Leduc Raymond , Jobse Bruce C. , Pohl Heiko 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background Cold snare polypectomy (CSP) is increasingly used for polypectomy and is recommended as the first-line modality for small (< 10 mm) polyps. This study aimed to evaluate incomplete resection rates (IRRs) when using CSP for colorectal polyps of 4–20 mm.
Methods Adults (45–80 years) undergoing screening, surveillance, or diagnostic colonoscopy and CSP by one of nine endoscopists were included. The primary outcome was the IRR for colorectal polyps of 4–20 mm, defined as the presence of polyp tissue in marginal biopsies after resection of serrated polyps or adenomas. Secondary outcomes included the IRR for serrated polyps, ease of resection, and complications.
Results 413 patients were included (mean age 63; 48 % women) and 182 polyps sized 4–20 mm were detected and removed by CSP. CSP required conversion to hot snare resection in < 1 % of polyps of < 10 mm and 44 % of polyps sized 10–20 mm. The IRRs for polyps < 10 mm and ≥ 10 mm were 18 % and 21 %. The IRR was higher for serrated polyps (26 %) compared with adenomas (16 %). The IRR was higher for flat (IIa) polyps (odds ratio [OR] 2.9, 95 %CI 1.1–7.4); and when resection was judged as difficult (OR 4.2, 95 %CI 1.5–12.1), piecemeal resection was performed (OR 6.6, 95 %CI 2.0–22.0), or visible residual polyp was present after the initial resection (OR 5.4, 95 %CI 2.0–14.9). Polyp location, use of a dedicated cold snare, and submucosal injection were not associated with incomplete resection. Intraprocedural bleeding requiring endoscopic intervention occurred in 4.7 %.
Conclusions CSP for polyps of 4–9 mm is safe and feasible; however, for lesions ≥ 10 mm, CSP failure occurs frequently, and the IRR remains high even after technical success. Incomplete resection was associated with flat polyps, visual residual polyp, piecemeal resection, and difficult polypectomies.