bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early recognition and treatment of pre-VITT syndrome after adenoviral vector-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccination may prevent from thrombotic complications: review of published cases and clinical pathway
Authors: Salih Farid , Kohler Siegfried , Schönborn Linda , Thiele Thomas , Greinacher Andreas , Endres Matthias 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) is a rare but highly morbid complication after adenoviral vector-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. The pre-VITT syndrome is defined as vaccine-induced immune thrombocytopenia without thrombosis typically presenting with new-onset headache. This review aims to identify at-risk patients before complications such as cerebral venous sinus thrombosis occur. We review previously published reports of 19 patients (median age 35 years, range 23–74; 16 females) who met the diagnostic criteria for a pre-VITT syndrome. Seven patients progressed to VITT, 12 patients did not. Patients who experienced VITT received delayed treatment. The median interval between the onset of headache and VITT-treatment (i.e. anticoagulation, immune globulins, or corticosteroids) was 5 days (range 1–8 days) compared with 2 days (0–5 days) in those without subsequent VITT (P = 0.033). The interval from onset of headache to anticoagulation was longer in patients with VITT (median 7 vs. 2 days; range 3–9 vs. 0–7 days; P = 0.01). Anticoagulation was safe in all patients with a pre-VITT syndrome as no haemorrhagic complications occurred after anticoagulation was started despite low platelets. The transient decline of platelet count after admission was significantly more pronounced in patients who progressed to VITT (median 67 vs. 0 × 103/µL; range 0–77 × 103/µL vs. 0–10 × 103/µL; P = 0.005). d-dimers did not differ between groups. Pre-VITT syndrome is a ‘red flag’ and allows to identify and preemptively treat patients at-risk of further progression to VITT. However, it must be distinguished from post-vaccination immune thrombocytopenia.
Constraint Shock in Diameter Distribution Models: The Cost of Ignoring Negative Bounds
Authors: Goodwin Adrian N 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDiameter distributions are invariably fitted with constrained zero or positive lower bounds to prevent negative diameters. Goodwin (2021) found that the bound for the 3-parameter Weibull could be negative for negatively skewed data, and that constraining it to zero reduced model accuracy. The loss of model accuracy due to a bound constraint is referred to here as constraint shock. This article shows that the 4-parameter Kumaraswamy and Johnson’s SB distributions can also have negative lower bounds and exhibit constraint shock. A 3-step parameter recovery method was used to fit these distributions to plots in unthinned mixed species eucalypt plantations and results were compared with the less flexible Weibull. Based on Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistics, mean and maximum constraint shock for the 4-parameter distributions were 19% and 62%, respectively, compared with 19% and 51% for the Weibull, which indicated that constraint shock was not affected by model flexibility. Constraint shock was largely avoided by truncating and normalizing distributions with negative bounds. This work introduces a paradigm shift in diameter distribution modelling and adds clarity to a field that has not previously recognized the existence of constraint shock.Study Implications: Constraint shock is the loss of accuracy incurred by constraining the negative lower bound of a distribution to a nonnegative value. For a plantation eucalypt dataset in which 83% of plot diameters were negatively skewed, maximum constraint shock was 62% for the Kumaraswamy and Johnson’s SB distributions, and 51% for the less flexible 3-parameter Weibull, based on Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistics. Using distribution expectations of kurtosis, skewness, maximum diameter, and minimum diameter—all independent of bound parameters—a tractable 3-step parameter recovery method is described for unconstrained, constrained, and truncated 3- and 4-parameter distributions. This work introduces a paradigm shift in the treatment of distribution bounds that will result in substantial model improvements for negatively skewed data.
Bat Dentitions: A Model System for Studies at the Interface of Development, Biomechanics, and Evolution
Authors: Santana Sharlene E , Grossnickle David M , Sadier Alexa , Patterson Edward , Sears Karen E 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The evolution of complex dentitions in mammals was a major innovation that facilitated the expansion into new dietary niches, which imposed selection for tight form–function relationships. Teeth allow mammals to ingest and process food items by applying forces produced by a third-class lever system composed by the jaw adductors, the cranium, and the mandible. Physical laws determine changes in jaw adductor (biting) forces at different bite point locations along the mandible (outlever), thus, individual teeth are expected to experience different mechanical regimes during feeding. If the mammal dentition exhibits functional adaptations to mandible feeding biomechanics, then teeth are expected to have evolved to develop mechanically advantageous sizes, shapes, and positions. Here, we present bats as a model system to test this hypothesis and, more generally, for integrative studies of mammal dental diversity. We combine a field-collected dataset of bite forces along the tooth row with data on dental and mandible morphology across 30 bat species. We (1) describe, for the first time, bite force trends along the tooth row of bats; (2) use phylogenetic comparative methods to investigate relationships among bite force patterns, tooth, and mandible morphology; and (3) hypothesize how these biting mechanics patterns may relate to the developmental processes controlling tooth formation. We find that bite force variation along the tooth row is consistent with predictions from lever mechanics models, with most species having the greatest bite force at the first lower molar. The cross-sectional shape of the mandible body is strongly associated with the position of maximum bite force along the tooth row, likely reflecting mandibular adaptations to varying stress patterns among species. Further, dental dietary adaptations seem to be related to bite force variation along molariform teeth, with insectivorous species exhibiting greater bite force more anteriorly, narrower teeth and mandibles, and frugivores/omnivores showing greater bite force more posteriorly, wider teeth and mandibles. As these craniodental traits are linked through development, dietary specialization appears to have shaped intrinsic mechanisms controlling traits relevant to feeding performance.
Validation of the Soleris® NF-TVC Method for Detection of Aerobic, Mesophilic Microorganisms in Dried Cannabis Flower: AOAC Performance Tested MethodSM 071203
Authors: Le Quynh-Nhi , Mozola Mark , Tudor Alexandra , Horine Leo , Roman Brooke , Montei Carolyn , Zhang Lei , Biswas Preetha , Donofrio Robert 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
Soleris® Non-Fermenting Total Viable Count (NF-TVC) is a growth-based, automated method for semiquantitative detection of aerobic, mesophilic microorganisms in foods and other consumer products such as nutraceuticals and cosmetics. The method was granted AOAC Performance Tested MethodSM status for select foods after successful completion of a validation study.

Objective
The objective of the current study was to validate the Soleris NF-TVC method for use with dried cannabis flower [&gt;0.3% delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)].

Methods
The validation consisted of a comparative matrix study in which naturally contaminated dried cannabis flower was tested with the Soleris NF-TVC method and with the AOAC Official Methods of AnalysisSM 966.23 dilution plating method. Multiple lots of dried cannabis flower were obtained, pre-screened for total aerobic, mesophilic viable count levels, and blended to produce test materials at four different levels of contamination ranging from 1.0 × 103 to 2.2 × 105 CFU/g. Each material was tested at three different Soleris detection threshold levels determined by the dilution used to inoculate the Soleris vials. Probability of detection analysis was performed to determine if differences in the number of positive results obtained with the two methods were significant.

Results
For all four dried cannabis flower materials, at all three Soleris test thresholds, there were no significant differences in performance comparing the Soleris and reference dilution plating methods as determined by probability of detection analysis at P &lt; 0.05.

Conclusions
It is concluded that the Soleris NF-TVC method is an accurate and effective method for detection of aerobic, mesophilic microorganisms in dried cannabis flower.

Highlights
The Soleris NF-TVC method provides cannabis industry quality control personnel with an effective method for analysis of dried cannabis flower and produces results in 24–48 h.
Versatility of a Salmonella Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay Using Multiple Platforms and Master Mixes in Animal Food Matrices
Authors: Domesle Kelly J , Young Shenia R , McDonald Ryan C , Ge Beilei 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
Improvement in Salmonella detection methods greatly enhances the efficiency of various food testing programs. A Salmonella loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay has been validated in animal food through multi-laboratory validation.

Objective
The study aimed to demonstrate the versatility of this molecular assay while expanding it to multiple platforms and various reagent choices for use in animal food testing.

Methods
Following the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)’s Guidelines for the Validation of Analytical Methods for the Detection of Microbial Pathogens in Foods and Feeds, we examined the inclusivity, exclusivity, and LOD of the assay using two platforms (7500 Fast and Genie II) and three LAMP master mixes (GspSSD, GspSSD2.0, and WarmStart) in seven animal food matrixes (dry cat food, dry dog food, cattle feed, dairy feed, horse feed, poultry feed, and swine feed). The FDA’s Bacteriological Analytical Manual (BAM) Salmonella culture method was the reference method.

Results
Inclusivity and exclusivity data were consistent among all six platform and master mix combinations with a few exceptions. Comparable LODs were observed down to the single-cell level (WarmStart was 10-fold less sensitive). Performance was similar to the BAM method for detecting fractional positive results in seven animal food matrixes. Nonetheless, LAMP time to positive results and annealing/melting temperature differed among master mixes and platforms.

Conclusion
The Salmonella LAMP assay was successfully validated in two platforms and three master mixes, making it a flexible tool for use by the FDA’s field laboratories in regulatory testing of animal food and for adoption by other food testing programs.

Highlights
We demonstrated the LAMP assay’s versatility on two platforms and three master mixes for the rapid and reliable screening of Salmonella in seven animal food matrixes. GspSSD2.0 was the fastest master mix (time to positive results as early as 3.5 min) while Genie II had several attractive features from a user perspective.
Carbon–water coupling and its relationship with environmental and biological factors in a planted Caragana liouana shrub community in desert steppe, northwest China
Authors: Du Ling-Tong , Ma Long-Long , Pan Hai-Zhu , Qiao Cheng-Long , Meng Chen , Wu Hong-Yue , Tian Jing , Yuan Hong-Yi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The carbon and water cycle, an important biophysical process of terrestrial ecosystems, is changed by anthropogenic revegetation in arid and semiarid areas. However, there is still a lack of understanding of the mechanisms of carbon and water coupling in intrinsic ecosystems in the context of human activities. Based on the CO2 and H2O flux measurements of the desert steppe with the planted shrub Caragana liouana, this study explored the carbon and water flux coupling of the ecosystem by analyzing the variations in gross primary productivity (GPP), evapotranspiration (ET) and water use efficiency (WUE) and discussing the driving mechanisms of biological factors. The seasonal variation in climate factors induced a periodic variation pattern of biophysical traits and carbon and water fluxes. The GPP and ET fluctuated in seasons, but the WUE was relatively stable in the growing season. The GPP, ET and WUE were significantly driven by global radiation (Rg), temperature (Ta and Ts), water vapor pressure deficit, leaf area index and plant water stress index (PWSI). However, Rg, temperature and PWSI were the most important factors regulating WUE. Rg and temperature directly affected WUE with a positive effect but indirectly inhibited WUE by rising PWSI. Plant water stress inhibited photosynthesis and transpiration of the planted shrub community in the desert steppe. When the plant water stress exceeded a threshold (PWSI &gt;0.54), the WUE would decrease since the GPP responded more quickly to the plant water stress than ET. Our findings suggest that policies related to large-scale carbon sequestration initiatives under afforestation must first fully consider the status of water consumption and WUE.
Thinking Skills
Authors: Craske Michelle G. , Barlow David H. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This chapter explores thinking skills. The main goals of the first section are (1) to help clients recognize that the way they think is critical to their level of fear or anxiety at any given moment and (2) that recognizing negative thinking at a specific and detailed level is necessary before developing different, less negative ways of thinking. In the next section, the main goal is to begin teaching a set of skills for evaluating negative thoughts by looking at the evidence and generating alternative, more evidence-based thoughts. The therapist should then coach the client to identify times when things are blown out of proportion and offer ways of putting things back into perspective. In the last section, the therapist should guide clients as they revisit their worst panic attack, and help them evaluate the sequence of events, with special emphasis on mistaken negative thoughts that lead to increased arousal or behaviors of escape that, in turn, increase anxiety.
Facing Physical Symptoms
Authors: Craske Michelle G. , Barlow David H. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This chapter studies the process of conducting symptom exercises with the client. Facing fear of physical symptoms means to deliberately expose oneself to the feared sensations that trigger panic attacks. Typically, these types of sensations are avoided. Subtle avoidance includes distracting oneself from thoughts about physical sensations, while obvious avoidance includes not engaging in activities, such as arguments or sexual relations, that elicit strong sensations. Avoidance precludes relearning and instead maintains the vigilance for and acute sensitivity to such sensations. Hence, an essential component of treatment is to confront repeatedly the feared sensations, so clients learn that they can tolerate the sensations and associated anxiety and that the sensations are not harmful. After a number of such practices, anxiety over the symptoms eventually declines. This process begins by inducing sensations using a set of standardized and simulated exercises, such as spinning and hyperventilating.
The Nature of Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia
Authors: Barlow David H. , Craske Michelle G. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of the nature of panic disorder and agoraphobia. The key features of panic disorder are (1) one or more episodes of abrupt, intense fear or discomfort (i.e., a panic attack) and (2) persistent anxiety or worry about the recurrence of panic attacks, their consequences, or life changes as a result of the attacks. Another feature of panic disorder is avoiding, hesitating about, or feeling very nervous in situations where panic attacks or other physical symptoms are expected to occur. Typically, these situations are ones where one may not be able to escape or find help. Avoiding situations from which escape might be difficult or where help may be unavailable in the event of a panic attack or other physical symptoms is called agoraphobia. The chapter then outlines the typical agoraphobia situations. The kind of treatment that is described in this program is called cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), and it is designed to educate and to teach constructive ways of coping.
Negative Cycles of Panic and Agoraphobia
Authors: Barlow David H. , Craske Michelle G. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the importance of understanding the negative cycles that contribute to panic attacks and agoraphobia. There are three major parts to the emotions of anxiety and panic: physical symptoms, thoughts, and behaviors. Physical symptoms, thoughts, and behaviors contribute to each other in what is called a negative cycle. Negative thoughts lead to fear, and fear leads to more physical symptoms and escape behaviors that snowball into more negative thoughts, and so on. The end result is intense fear or panic—a panic cycle. By understanding these cycles, one will develop a good awareness of what causes panic attacks. This program teaches ways of interrupting the panic and agoraphobia cycles, including the development of breathing skills and thinking skills.
Mastery of Your Anxiety and Panic
Authors: Craske Michelle G. , Barlow David H. , Woodard Lauren S. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This edition of the Mastery of Your Anxiety and Panic: Workbook for Brief Six-Session Version for Primary Care and Related Settings outlines a time-limited treatment for those dealing with panic disorder and agoraphobia. If a patient primarily seeks treatment from a family doctor, this guide will be useful. The program described is based on the principles of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). It can be delivered by a general practitioner or other health or mental health care provider in primary care or related settings in up to six sessions. A modified version of the more intensive 12-session program that currently exists, this treatment represents an introduction of the skills and techniques for overcoming panic disorder that patients can easily learn and continue on their own.
Learning to Face Your Fear
Authors: Craske Michelle G. , Barlow David H. , Woodard Lauren S. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This chapter evaluates the process of learning to face one’s fear. The final step of breathing skills training is to use it at times when one feels anxious or panicky, or when one notices panic symptoms. The goal is not to immediately eliminate fear and anxiety; rather, the goal of breathing skills is to regulate breathing so that one can continue whatever activity one is involved in (rather than to escape or avoid) and face one’s fears and anxieties. It is important to face the physical symptoms directly so that one can learn that the symptoms are not harmful; one can handle the symptoms and the anxiety; and eventually, the anxiety about the physical symptoms will decrease. The goal of this part of treatment is to help one directly face the physical symptoms that make one anxious, replace one’s mistaken beliefs with more realistic thinking, and interrupt the conditioning. The chapter then outlines the rules for the repeated practice with physical symptoms.
Novel Use of Seraph-100™ Blood Purification Therapy in Heat Stroke
Authors: Miller Mary K , Spiller Robert E , Mount Cristin A , Colombo Christopher , Khayat Maurice I 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
The Seraph-100™ is a purification filter that blunts cytokine storm, providing a more favorable environment to establish immune homeostasis. We present a novel case of compassionate use of Seraph filter in a young, healthy active duty service member with heat injury-induced massive inflammatory response. The patient is a previously healthy 26-year-old male with altered mental status, tachycardia, fever to 40.3 °C, and hypotension after losing consciousness during a 4-mile run. He had a history of one heat injury in college and took no medications or supplements. Initial workup demonstrated hemoconcentration, leukocytosis, and hyperkalemia. He was intubated, received isotonic crystalloid fluid, and was admitted to the intensive care unit. The patient developed vasopressor-resistant shock and multiorgan failure with rhabdomyolysis requiring continuous renal replacement therapy. The addition of the Seraph resulted in improved hemodynamic stability, decreased inflammatory markers, and improved organ function. Approximately 1 week after the final Seraph treatment, the patient had an abrupt massive lower gastrointestinal bleed and was transitioned to comfort care by family. We present the novel use of Seraph in the setting of multiorgan failure and hyperinflammatory state due to heat injury. The patient’s vasopressor refractory distributive shock was believed to be secondary to heat stroke-induced massive inflammatory response, leading to a trial of Seraph therapy. This case demonstrates that the Seraph filter has the potential to improve hemodynamic instability and reduce cytokine storm in nonsepsis patients.
Pulmonary Barotrauma in a BUD/S Candidate Following Shallow Dives Using the MK 25 Rebreather
Authors: Andrew Brian , Boswell Gilbert , Sebreros Benjamin , Cusmano Paul 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
Pulmonary barotrauma of ascent is a well-recognized risk of compressed air diving in the civilian and military diving communities. Chest imaging is a beneficial adjunct to clinical evaluation in screening select individuals for fitness to dive, evaluating dive-related injuries, and safely returning individuals to diving duty. We present a case of a 26-year-old male U.S. Navy Ensign and Basic Underwater Demolition/SEAL (BUD/S) candidate who experienced pulmonary barotrauma following two shallow dives to a maximum depth of 18 feet of seawater using the MK-25 100% oxygen rebreather. A chest radiograph showed a left upper lobe peripheral wedge-shaped opacity abutting the pleural surface. A subsequent computerized tomography (CT) scan of the chest showed multifocal areas of peripheral pulmonary hemorrhage associated with small pneumatoceles. Two months after the diving injury, chest CT showed resolution of the pulmonary hemorrhage and pneumatoceles. Diving-related pulmonary barotrauma occurs most often secondary to breath-holding on ascent by inexperienced divers and is one of the most common diving injuries seen in BUD/S candidates. The risk of pulmonary barotrauma may be decreased through adequate training and thorough medical screening to include assessing for symptoms of infection before every dive. In cases of acute pulmonary barotrauma, chest radiographs may be used to screen for thoracic injury. Chest CT with inspiratory and expiratory sequences should be used to screen dive candidates on a case-by-case basis and to evaluate lung injury and predisposing pulmonary conditions following pulmonary barotrauma.