bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diverting stomas reduce reoperation rates for anastomotic leak but not overall reoperation rates within 30 days after anterior rectal resection: a national cohort study
Authors: Myrseth Elisabeth , Nymo Linn Såve , Gjessing Petter Fosse , Norderval Stig 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose
A diverting stoma is commonly formed to reduce the rate of anastomotic leak following anterior resection with anastomosis, although some studies question this strategy. The aim of this study was to assess the leak rates and overall complication burden after anterior resection with and without a diverting stoma.

Methods
A 5-year national cohort with prospectively registered data of patients who underwent elective anterior resection for rectal cancer located < 15 cm from the anal verge. Data were retrieved from the Norwegian Registry for Gastrointestinal Surgery and the Norwegian Colorectal Cancer Registry. Primary end point was relaparotomy or relaparoscopy for anastomotic leak within 30 days from index surgery. Secondary endpoints were postoperative complications including reoperation for any cause.

Results
Some 1018 patients were included of whom 567 had a diverting stoma and 451 had not. Rate of reoperation for anastomotic leak was 13 out of 567 (2.3%) for patients with diverting stoma and 35 out of 451 (7.8%) (p > 0.001) for patients without. In multivariable analyses not having a diverting stoma (aOR 3.77, c.i 1.97–7.24, p < 0.001) was associated with increased risk for anastomotic leak. However, there were no differences in overall reoperation rates following anterior resection with or without diverting stoma (9.3% vs 10.9%, p = 0.423), and overall complication rates were similar. Reoperation was associated with increased mortality irrespective of the main intraoperative finding.

Conclusion
Diverting stoma formation after anterior resection is protective against reoperation for anastomotic leak but does not affect overall rates of reoperation or complications within 30 days.
Correlation between change in central subfield thickness and change in visual acuity in macular edema due to retinal vein occlusion: post hoc analysis of COPERNICUS, GALILEO, and VIBRANT
Authors: Gu Sophie Z. , Nanegrungsunk Onnisa , Bressler Susan B. , Du Weiming , Amer Fouad , Moini Hadi , Bressler Neil M. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Purpose

Assess correlation between change in central subfield thickness (CST) and change in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in eyes with macular edema due to retinal vein occlusion (RVO) that received intravitreal aflibercept injections (IAI).

Methods
Post hoc analysis of COPERNICUS and GALILEO trials for CRVO and VIBRANT trial for BRVO with relationships determined using Pearson correlation coefficient.

Results
In COPERNICUS, correlations (r) between change in CST and change in BCVA from baseline at weeks 12, 24, 52, and 100 were −0.36 (95% CI: −0.52, −0.18; P < 0.001), −0.38 (95% CI: −0.53, −0.20; P < 0.001), −0.44 (95% CI: −0.58, −0.27; P < 0.001), and −0.41 (95% CI: −0.56, −0.23; P < 0.001), respectively. CST changes accounted for only 21% of the variance in BCVA changes; every 100-µm decrease in CST was associated with a 2.1-letter increase in BCVA (P = 0.003). Similar findings were noted for GALILEO (r, −0.45 to −0.23) and VIBRANT (r, −0.36 to −0.32) trials.

Conclusion
In eyes treated with IAI for macular edema due to RVO, correlation between change in CST and change in BCVA was weak to moderate. While change in CST may be helpful in determining the need for anti-VEGF therapy, these findings do not support using changes in CST as a surrogate for changes in visual acuity outcomes.
Programmed cell death 1 pathway inhibitors improve the overall survival of small cell lung cancer patients with brain metastases
Authors: Chang JiaYu , Jing XuQuan , Hua Ying , Geng KaiXing , Li RuYue , Lu ShuangQing , Zhu Hui , Zhang Yan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in small cell lung cancer patients with brain metastases.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed the records of small cell lung cancer patients with brain metastases treated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy for brain metastases with or without immune checkpoint inhibitors at our institution from January 2019 to January 2021. Patients were divided into two groups. In Group A, patients received chemotherapy and radiotherapy for brain metastases. In Group B, patients received chemotherapy, radiotherapy for brain metastases and at least four cycles of immunotherapy. Overall survival and intracranial progression-free survival were assessed using Kaplan–Meier estimates and Cox regression models.

Results
A total of 282 patients were enrolled in our study. At the end of the study (May 12, 2021), the median overall survival was 13.3 months among 218 patients in Group A and 33.4 months among 64 patients in Group B (hazards ratio [HR] 0.320, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.189–0.545, P < 0.001). Both univariate and multivariate analyses suggested that two factors were significantly correlated with overall survival: the inclusion of immunotherapy in the regimen and the presence of extracranial metastases. The median intracranial progression-free survival was 6.93 months in Group A and 10.73 months in Group B (HR = 0.540, 95% CI, 0.346–0.841, P = 0.006). The intracranial objective response rate of Group B was greater than that of Group A, but the intracranial disease control rate was similar between the groups.

Conclusion
Immunotherapy plus chemotherapy and radiotherapy for brain metastases showed promising efficacy for small cell lung cancer patients with brain metastases.
Multi-head attention-based two-stream EfficientNet for action recognition
Authors: Zhou Aihua , Ma Yujun , Ji Wanting , Zong Ming , Yang Pei , Wu Min , Liu Mingzhe 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRecent years have witnessed the popularity of using two-stream convolutional neural networks for action recognition. However, existing two-stream convolutional neural network-based action recognition approaches are incapable of distinguishing some roughly similar actions in videos such as sneezing and yawning. To solve this problem, we propose a Multi-head Attention-based Two-stream EfficientNet (MAT-EffNet) for action recognition, which can take advantage of the efficient feature extraction of EfficientNet. The proposed network consists of two streams (i.e., a spatial stream and a temporal stream), which first extract the spatial and temporal features from consecutive frames by using EfficientNet. Then, a multi-head attention mechanism is utilized on the two streams to capture the key action information from the extracted features. The final prediction is obtained via a late average fusion, which averages the softmax score of spatial and temporal streams. The proposed MAT-EffNet can focus on the key action information at different frames and compute the attention multiple times, in parallel, to distinguish similar actions. We test the proposed network on the UCF101, HMDB51 and Kinetics-400 datasets. Experimental results show that the MAT-EffNet outperforms other state-of-the-art approaches for action recognition.
Die EZB-Geldpolitik in der Zwickmühle
Authors: Bernoth Kerstin , Fratzscher Marcel 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIt seems clear that the ECB will raise interest rates in July 2022 and end its asset purchase program. This should send a strong and important signal to markets and economic players that the ECB continues to take its mandate for price stability seriously. However, it cannot be said with absolute certainty that these monetary policy decisions herald the start of a gradual tighter stance toward monetary policy normalisation. This is because economic uncertainty is currently extremely high. The ECB therefore finds itself in a difficult dilemma: It must take decisive action against high inflation, but should retain plenty of flexibility to be able to respond to a renewed crisis.
Die EZB muss die Inflation glaubwürdiger bekämpfen
Authors: Horst Maximilian , Stempel Daniel , Neyer Ulrike 
Published: June 2022

AbstractInflation rates in the euro area have reached historic highs due in large part to high energy prices. As the euro area is a net importer of energy, one refers to this inflation as imported inflation. There is a danger that these high inflation rates will become entrenched in inflation expectations. This would not only imply that high inflation rates will persist but it could also cause a dangerous upward price spiral. Consequently, the ECB should communicate more clearly and more credibly that it will counteract this danger and act accordingly as the costs of disinflation will remain higher the longer the ECB waits to act.
Energiekrise und Lieferstopp für Gas: Auswirkungen auf die Betriebe in Deutschland
Authors: Kagerl Christian , Moritz Michael , Roth Duncan , Stegmaier Jens , Stepanok Ignat , Weber Enzo 
Published: June 2022

ZusammenfassungSeit 2021 steigen die Energiepreise kräftig an. Mit Beginn des russischen Kriegs gegen die Ukraine sind sie noch einmal in die Höhe geschnellt. Neben Lieferkettenstörungen und Exportrückgängen dämpft das die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung, Konjunkturprognosen wurden deutlich nach unten revidiert. Darüber hinaus stellt ein mögliches komplettes Ausbleiben aller Lieferungen von Energieträgern aus Russland ein erhebliches Risiko dar. Über die zu erwartenden Folgen ist viel diskutiert worden. Wenn es um die Auswirkungen eines Lieferstopps von Gas geht, kommen bisherige Berechnungen auf Basis ökonomischer Modelle zu uneindeutigen Ergebnissen mit einer Spannbreite von einem verkraftbaren Schock (Bachmann et al., 2022) bis hin zu massiven und dauerhaften wirtschaftlichen Schäden (Krebs, 2022).
Innovationspolitik in der neuen Legislaturperiode: eine neue strategische Ausrichtung?
Authors: Feser Daniel 
Published: June 2022

ZusammenfassungDie im Koalitionsvertrag skizzierte Innovationspolitik stellt einen Übergang zwischen traditioneller und transformativer Politik dar. Die aktuelle deutsche Innovationspolitik zeichnet sich, neben unternehmenszentrierten Maßnahmen, vor allem durch die Ausrichtung auf gesamtgesellschaftliche Ziele aus. Dies bedeutet eine graduelle Weiterentwicklung im Vergleich zur Vorgängerregierung. Im Zentrum steht die Reorganisation von Wissenstransfer für gesellschaftliche Transformationen. Auswirkungen der Innovationspolitik der Ampelkoalition ergeben sich in den Bereichen der Technologieoffenheit, der Legitimation der Politikmaßnahmen und der Partizipation bei Änderung der Zielsetzungen.
Multi-year, post-harvesting impact assessment in a neotropical secondary Atlantic Forest
Authors: Britto Pedro Caldas , Jaeger Dirk , Hoffmann Stephan , Robert Renato Cesar Gonçalves , Vibrans Alexander Christian , Fantini Alfredo Celso 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSubject to overexploitation in the past centuries, the Atlantic Forest is subject to very rigorous protection rules. However, the law is a controversial issue since landowners are not compensated for the limited choice of land use possibilities. We believe that, alternatively to a general timber harvest ban, sustainable forest management of the Atlantic Forest has the potential to generate income for the landowners while sustaining important ecological functions of the forest. Such choice would require better understanding of the potential effects of timber harvesting on the forest ecosystem and on species composition and succession over time. In this context, we assessed the harvesting impact of a conventional harvesting method (CM) and compared it to an alternative harvesting method (AM) in three different stands (stands A, B and C) of a secondary forest fragment in southern Brazil. Results from three comprehensive forest inventories over a period of two years were used to assess the timber harvesting impact. Measurements of species composition (i.e., number of species, life form, ecological group), forest structure (i.e., density, basal area, DBH, volume) and saplings density formed the basis of the impact assessment. The inventories were carried out before, immediately after and two years after harvesting. Intensities of damage on remnant trees immediately after harvesting and two years after harvesting were also measured. Before harvesting, a total of 114 tree species (trees, tree fern and palm tree) belonging to 49 families were identified in the study site’s three research stands. Palm trees and secondary species, such as Euterpe edulis, represented the majority of recruited individuals (DBH ≥ 5 cm) two years after harvesting. However, new saplings (DBH ≤ 5 cm) after two years were mainly pioneer woody tree species, such as Cecropia glaziovii and Schizolobium parahyba. On average, AM reduced damage to saplings by 5%. Most of the damages caused by CM were moderate to severe, while AM caused light to moderate damages. Binary logistic regression indicated dependency of the mortality rates on the independent variables “stand, stem and leaning damages.” On the other hand, the recovery rates of damaged trees were dependent on crown, stem and leaning damages. Therefore, two years after harvesting a higher mortality rate of low-dimensional trees was observed in stands with high density of smaller trees and high density of improvement felling. Although crown damages were not related to mortality rates, high intensity of crown damages reduced recovery rates over time.
The macroeconomic effects of import tariffs in a model with multinational firms and foreign direct investment
Authors: Roeger Werner , Welfens Paul J. J. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Recent (de-)globalization tendencies and rising protectionist measures has created new interest in studying the effects of unilateral and world-wide tariffs. This paper contributes to this issue by taking into account that international transactions in goods and services increasingly take the form of foreign direct investment. We look at the effects of import tariffs in the context of a two-region DSGE model with both an exporting and an FDI sector. We find that the tariff jumping effect on FDI is largely outweighed by a cost effect if the tariff is imposed on all imports. This holds in the case of both tariffs imposed unilaterally and worldwide import tariffs. Our analysis confirms the aggregate positive welfare effects of a unilateral tariff, but also shows inefficiencies resulting from consumption and production distortions. This leads to lower GDP and real wages through the investment channel. However, governments can generate a tariff jumping effect by exempting imports of multinationals from tariffs. This reduces negative growth effects but also lowers welfare gains since there are less tariff revenues to support consumption. In the case of a world-wide tariff, exempting imports of multinationals reduces negative welfare effects.
The integrative approach to inferring homology: morphology and development combined
Authors: Nejad Kourki Arsham 
Published: June 2022

AbstractReconstructing ancestral species is a challenging endeavour: fossils are often scarce or enigmatic, and inferring ancestral characters based on novel molecular approaches (e.g. comparative genomics or developmental genetics) has long been controversial. A key philosophical challenge pertinent at present is the lack of a theoretical framework capable of evaluating inferences of homology made through integration of multiple kinds of evidence (e.g. molecular, developmental, or morphological). Here, I present just such a framework. I start with a brief history and critical assessment of attempts at inferring morphological homology through developmental genetics. I then bring attention to a recent model of homology, namely Character Identity Mechanisms (DiFrisco et al. 2020), intended partly to elucidate the relationships between morphological characters, developmental genetics, and homology. I utilise and build on this model to construct the evaluative framework mentioned above, which judges the epistemic value of evidence of each kind in each particular case based on three proposed criteria: effectiveness, admissibility, and informativity, as well as providing a generalised guideline on how it can be scientifically operationalised. I then point out the evolution of the eumetazoan body plan as a case in point where the application of this framework can yield satisfactory results, both empirically and conceptually. I will conclude with a discussion on some potential implications for more general philosophy of biology and philosophy of science, especially surrounding evidential integration, models and explanation, and reductionism.
The effect of discrete wavelengths of visible light on the developing murine embryo
Authors: Campugan Carl A. , Lim Megan , Chow Darren J. X. , Tan Tiffany C. Y. , Li Tong , Saini Avishkar A. , Orth Antony , Reineck Philipp , Schartner Erik P. , Thompson Jeremy G. , Dholakia Kishan , Dunning Kylie R. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose
A current focus of the IVF field is non-invasive imaging of the embryo to quantify developmental potential. Such approaches use varying wavelengths to gain maximum biological information. The impact of irradiating the developing embryo with discrete wavelengths of light is not fully understood. Here, we assess the impact of a range of wavelengths on the developing embryo.

Methods
Murine preimplantation embryos were exposed daily to wavelengths within the blue, green, yellow, and red spectral bands and compared to an unexposed control group. Development to blastocyst, DNA damage, and cell number/allocation to blastocyst cell lineages were assessed. For the longer wavelengths (yellow and red), pregnancy/fetal outcomes and the abundance of intracellular lipid were investigated.

Results
Significantly fewer embryos developed to the blastocyst stage when exposed to the yellow wavelength. Elevated DNA damage was observed within embryos exposed to blue, green, or red wavelengths. There was no effect on blastocyst cell number/lineage allocation for all wavelengths except red, where there was a significant decrease in total cell number. Pregnancy rate was significantly reduced when embryos were irradiated with the red wavelength. Weight at weaning was significantly higher when embryos were exposed to yellow or red wavelengths. Lipid abundance was significantly elevated following exposure to the yellow wavelength.

Conclusion
Our results demonstrate that the impact of light is wavelength-specific, with longer wavelengths also impacting the embryo. We also show that effects are energy-dependent. This data shows that damage is multifaceted and developmental rate alone may not fully reflect the impact of light exposure.
Autonomous Robotic Sensing for Simultaneous Geometric and Volumetric Inspection of Free-Form Parts
Authors: Mineo Carmelo , Cerniglia Donatella , Poole Alastair 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRobotic sensing is used in many sectors to improve the inspection of large and/or complex parts, enhancing data acquisition speed, part coverage and inspection reliability. Several automated or semi-automated solutions have been proposed to enable the automated deployment of specific types of sensors. The trajectory to be followed by a robotic manipulator is typically obtained through the offline programmed tool paths for the inspection of a part. This method is acceptable for a part with known geometry in a well-structured and controlled environment. The part undergoing assessment needs to be precisely registered with respect to the robot reference system. It implies the need for a setup preparation phase for each new part, which can be very laborious and reliant on the human experience. This work combines real-time robot control and live sensor data to confer full autonomy to robotic sensing applications. It presents a novel framework that enables fully autonomous single-pass geometric and volumetric inspection of complex parts using one single robotised sensor. A practical and robust robot control sequence allows the autonomous correction of the sensor orientation and position to maximise the sensor signal amplitude. It is accompanied by an autonomous in-process path planning method, capable of keeping the inspection resolution uniform throughout the full extension of the free-form parts. Last but not least, a by-product of the framework is the progressive construction of the digital model of the part surface throughout the inspection process. The introduced framework is scalable and applicable to widely different fields.
Personalized home-care support for the elderly: a field experience with a social robot at home
Authors: Di Napoli Claudia , Ercolano Giovanni , Rossi Silvia 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSocially assistive robotics (SAR) is getting a lot of attention for its potential in assisting elderly users. However, for robotic assistive applications to be effective, they need to satisfy the particular needs of each user and be well perceived. For this purpose, a personalization based on user’s characteristics such as personality and cognitive profile, and their dynamic changes is a crucial factor. Moreover, most of the existing solutions rely on the availability of specific technological infrastructures, generally requiring high economic investment, and that cannot be easily placed in different environments. Personalization and adaptation of assistive robotics applications to different user’s characteristics and needs, and even to different technological environments, are still not fully addressed in real environments. In the present work, the results of the UPA4SAR project are presented. The project aimed at providing a social robotic system to deliver assistive tasks for home care of patients with mild cognitive impairment in a personalized and adaptive way. We introduce the general architecture of the system and the developed robotic behaviors. Personalization and dynamic adaptation of assistive tasks are realized using a service-oriented approach by taking into account both user’s characteristics and environmental dynamic conditions. Field experimentation of the project was carried out with 7 patients, using the robotic system autonomously running in their homes for a total of 118 days. Results showed a reliable functioning of the proposed robotic system, a generally positive reaction, and a good acceptability rate from patients.