bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Obstetrical and Perinatal Outcomes in Female Survivors of Childhood and Adolescent Cancer: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Zgardau Alina , Ray Joel G , Baxter Nancy N , Nagamuthu Chenthila , Park Alison L , Gupta Sumit , Nathan Paul C 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
The likelihood of pregnancy and risk of obstetrical or perinatal complications is inadequately documented in female survivors of pediatric cancer.

Methods
We assembled a population-based cohort of female survivors of cancer diagnosed at age 21 years and younger in Ontario, Canada, between 1985 and 2012. Survivors were matched 1:5 to women without prior cancer. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards and modified Poisson models assessed the likelihood of a recognized pregnancy and perinatal and maternal complications.

Results
A total of 4062 survivors were matched to 20 308 comparisons. Median (interquartile range) age was 11 (4-15) years at cancer diagnosis and 25 (19-31) years at follow-up. By age 30 years, the cumulative incidence of achieving a recognized pregnancy was 22.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 20.7% to 23.9%) among survivors vs 26.6% (95% CI = 25.6% to 27.3%) among comparisons (hazard ratio = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.75 to 0.86). A lower likelihood of pregnancy was associated with a brain tumor, alkylator chemotherapy, cranial radiation, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Pregnant survivors were as likely as cancer-free women to carry a pregnancy &gt;20 weeks (relative risk [RR] = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.98 to 1.04). Survivors had a higher relative risk of severe maternal morbidity (RR = 2.31, 95% CI = 1.59 to 3.37), cardiac morbidity (RR = 4.18, 95% CI = 1.89 to 9.24), and preterm birth (RR = 1.57, 95% CI = 1.29 to 1.92). Preterm birth was more likely in survivors treated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allogenic: RR = 8.37, 95% CI = 4.83 to 14.48; autologous: RR = 3.72, 95% CI = 1.66 to 8.35).

Conclusions
Survivors of childhood or adolescent cancer are less likely to achieve a pregnancy and, once pregnant, are at higher risk for severe maternal morbidity and preterm birth.
The PDF perspective on the tracer-matter connection: Lagrangian bias and non-Poissonian shot noise
Authors: Friedrich Oliver , Halder Anik , Boyle Aoife , Uhlemann Cora , Britt Dylan , Codis Sandrine , Gruen Daniel , Hahn ChangHoon 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
We study the connection of matter density and its tracers from the probability density function (PDF) perspective. One aspect of this connection is the conditional expectation value 〈δtracer|δm〉 when averaging both tracer and matter density over some scale. We present a new way to incorporate a Lagrangian bias expansion of this expectation value into standard frameworks for modelling the PDF of density fluctuations and counts-in-cells statistics. Using N-body simulations and mock galaxy catalogues we confirm the accuracy of this expansion and compare it to the more commonly used Eulerian parametrization. For haloes hosting typical luminous red galaxies, the Lagrangian model provides a significantly better description of 〈δtracer|δm〉 at second order in perturbations. A second aspect of the matter-tracer connection is shot-noise, i.e. the scatter of tracer density around 〈δtracer|δm〉. It is well known that this noise can be significantly non-Poissonian and we validate the performance of a more general, two-parameter shot-noise model for different tracers and simulations. Both parts of our analysis are meant to pave the way for forthcoming applications to survey data.
Deriving ages and horizontal branch properties of integrated stellar populations
Authors: Cabrera-Ziri Ivan , Conroy Charlie 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
A major source of uncertainty in the age determination of old (∼10 Gyr) integrated stellar populations is the presence of hot horizontal branch (HB) stars. Here, we describe a simple approach to tackle this problem, and show the performance of this technique that simultaneously models the age, abundances, and HB properties of integrated stellar populations. For this, we compare the results found during the fits of the integrated spectra of a sample of stellar population benchmarks, against the values obtained from the analysis of their resolved colour–magnitude diagrams (CMDs). We find that the ages derived from our spectral fits for most (26/32) of our targets are within 0.1 dex to their CMDs values. Similarly, for the majority of the targets in our sample we are able to recover successfully the flux contribution from hot HB stars (within ∼0.15 dex for 18/24 targets) and their mean temperature (14/24 targets within $\sim 30 {{\ \rm per\ cent}}$). Finally, we present a diagnostic that can be used to detect spurious solutions in age, that will help identify the few cases when this method fails. These results open a new window for the detailed study of globular clusters beyond the Local Group.
Binary companions triggering fragmentation in self-gravitating discs
Authors: Cadman James , Hall Cassandra , Fontanive Clémence , Rice Ken 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
Observations of systems hosting close-in (&lt;1 au) giant planets and brown dwarfs (M ≳ 7 MJup) find an excess of binary-star companions, indicating that stellar multiplicity may play an important role in their formation. There is now increasing evidence that some of these objects may have formed via fragmentation in gravitationally unstable discs. We present a suite of 3D smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations of binary-star systems with circumprimary self-gravitating discs, which include a realistic approximation to radiation transport, and extensively explore the companion’s orbital parameter space for configurations that may trigger fragmentation. We identify a ‘sweet spot’ where intermediate separation binary companions (100 au ≲ a ≲ 400 au) can cause a marginally stable disc to fragment. The exact range of ideal binary separations is a function of the companion’s eccentricity, inclination, and mass. Heating is balanced by efficient cooling, and fragmentation occurs inside a spiral mode driven by the companion. Short separation, disc-penetrating binary encounters (a ≲ 100 au) are prohibitive to fragmentation, as mass stripping and disc heating quench any instability. This is also true of binary companions with high orbital eccentricities (e ≳ 0.75). Wide separation companions (a ≳ 500 au) have little effect on the disc properties for the set-up parameters considered here. The sweet spot found is consistent with the range of binary separations that display an excess of close-in giant planets and brown dwarfs. Hence, we suggest that fragmentation triggered by a binary companion may contribute to the formation of these substellar objects.
The launching of cosmic ray-driven outflows
Authors: Huang Xiaoshan , Davis Shane W 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
Cosmic rays (CRs) are thought to be an important feedback mechanism in star-forming galaxies. They can provide an important source of pressure support and possibly drive outflows. We perform multidimensional CR magnetohydrodynamic simulations including transport by streaming and diffusion to investigate wind launching from an initially hydrostatic atmosphere by CRs. We estimate a characteristic Eddington limit on the CR flux for which the CR force exceeds gravity and compare it to simulated systems. Scaling our results to conditions in star-forming galaxies, we find that CRs are likely to contribute to driving outflows for a broad range of star formation environments. We quantify the momentum and energy transfer between CRs and gas, along with the associated mass outflow rates under different assumptions about the relative importance of streaming and diffusion for transport. In simulations with streaming, we observe the growth and saturation of the CR acoustic instability, but the CRs and gas remain well coupled, with CR momentum transferred efficiently to the gas even when this instability is present. Higher CR fluxes transfer more energy to the gas and drive stronger outflows. When streaming is present, most of the transferred energy takes the form of Alfvén wave heating of the gas, raising its pressure and internal energy, with a lower fractional contribution to the kinetic energy of the outflow. We also consider runs with radiative cooling, which modifies gas temperature and pressure profiles but does not seem to have a large impact on the mass outflow for super-Eddington CR fluxes.
The diversity of core–halo structure in the fuzzy dark matter model
Authors: Chan Hei Yin Jowett , Ferreira Elisa G M , May Simon , Hayashi Kohei , Chiba Masashi 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
In the fuzzy dark matter (FDM) model, gravitationally collapsed objects always consist of a solitonic core located within a virialized halo. Although various numerical simulations have confirmed that the collapsed structure can be described by a cored Navarro–Frenk–White-like density profile, there is still disagreement about the relation between the core mass and the halo mass. To fully understand this relation, we have assembled a large sample of cored haloes based on both idealized soliton mergers and cosmological simulations with various box sizes. We find that there exists a sizeable dispersion in the core–halo mass relation that increases with halo mass, indicating that the FDM model allows cores and haloes to coexist in diverse configurations. We provide a new empirical equation for a core–halo mass relation with uncertainties that can encompass all previously found relations in the dispersion, and emphasize that any observational constraints on the particle mass m using a tight one-to-one core–halo mass relation should suffer from an additional uncertainty of the order of 50  per cent for halo masses ${\gtrsim} 10^9 \, [8\times 10^{-23} \, \mathrm{eV}/(mc^2)]^{3/2} \, \mathrm{M}_\odot$. We suggest that tidal stripping may be one of the effects contributing to the scatter in the relation.
CosmoPower: emulating cosmological power spectra for accelerated Bayesian inference from next-generation surveys
Authors: Spurio Mancini Alessio , Piras Davide , Alsing Justin , Joachimi Benjamin , Hobson Michael P 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
We present CosmoPower, a suite of neural cosmological power spectrum emulators providing orders-of-magnitude acceleration for parameter estimation from two-point statistics analyses of Large-Scale Structure (LSS) and Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) surveys. The emulators replace the computation of matter and CMB power spectra from Boltzmann codes; thus, they do not need to be re-trained for different choices of astrophysical nuisance parameters or redshift distributions. The matter power spectrum emulation error is less than $0.4{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ in the wavenumber range $k \in [10^{-5}, 10] \, \mathrm{Mpc}^{-1}$ for redshift z ∈ [0, 5]. CosmoPower emulates CMB temperature, polarization, and lensing potential power spectra in the 5-σ region of parameter space around the Planck best-fitting values with an error ${\lesssim}10{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of the expected shot noise for the forthcoming Simons Observatory. CosmoPower is showcased on a joint cosmic shear and galaxy clustering analysis from the Kilo-Degree Survey, as well as on a Stage IV Euclid-like simulated cosmic shear analysis. For the CMB case, CosmoPower is tested on a Planck 2018 CMB temperature and polarization analysis. The emulators always recover the fiducial cosmological constraints with differences in the posteriors smaller than sampling noise, while providing a speed-up factor up to O(104) to the complete inference pipeline. This acceleration allows posterior distributions to be recovered in just a few seconds, as we demonstrate in the Planck likelihood case. CosmoPower is written entirely in python, can be interfaced with all commonly used cosmological samplers, and is publicly available at: https://github.com/alessiospuriomancini/cosmopower.
An accurate comprehensive approach to substructure: III. Masses and formation times of the host haloes
Authors: Salvador-Solé Eduard , Manrique Alberto , Canales David , Botella Ignacio 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
With this paper, we complete a comprehensive study of substructure in dark matter haloes. In Paper I, we derived the radial distribution and mass function (MF) of accreted subhaloes (scaled to the radius and mass of the host halo) and showed that they are essentially universal. This is not the case, however, for those of stripped subhaloes, which depend on halo mass and assembly history. In Paper II, we derived these latter properties in the simplest case of purely accreting haloes. Here, we extend the study to ordinary haloes having suffered major mergers. After showing that all the properties of substructure are encoded in the mean truncated-to-original subhalo mass ratio profile, we demonstrate that the dependence of the subhalo MF on halo mass arises from their mass-dependent concentration, while the shape of the subhalo radial distribution depends on the time of the last major merger of the host halo. In this sense, the latter property is a better probe of halo formation time than the former. Unfortunately, this is not the case for the radial distribution of satellites as this profile is essentially disconnected from subhalo stripping and the properties of accreted subhaloes are independent of the halo formation time.
A new measurement of the Hubble constant using fast radio bursts
Authors: Hagstotz Steffen , Reischke Robert , Lilow Robert 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are very short and bright transients visible over extragalactic distances. The radio pulse undergoes dispersion caused by free electrons, along the line of sight, most of which are associated with the large-scale structure (LSS). The total dispersion measure therefore increases with the line of sight and provides a distance estimate to the source. We present the first measurement of the Hubble constant using the dispersion measure – redshift relation of FRBs with identified host counterpart and corresponding redshift information. A sample of nine currently available FRBs yields a constraint of $H_0 = 62.3 \pm 9.1 \, \rm {km} \, \rm {s}^{-1}\, \rm {Mpc}^{-1}$, accounting for uncertainty stemming from the LSS, host halo, and Milky Way contributions to the observed dispersion measure. We discuss possible biases arising from highly dispersed signals, and break the degeneracy between the expansion rate and the mean free electron abundance with a prior on the physical baryon density. The main current limitation is statistical, and we estimate that a few hundred events with corresponding redshifts are sufficient for a per cent measurement of H0. This is a number well within reach of ongoing FRB searches. We perform a forecast using a realistic mock sample to demonstrate that a high-precision measurement of the expansion rate is possible without relying on other cosmological probes. FRBs can therefore arbitrate the current tension between early and late-time measurements of H0 in the near future.
To be or not to be a black hole: detailed binary population models as a sanity check
Authors: Stevance H F , Parsons S G , Eldridge J J 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
We use the self-consistent stellar populations in the Binary Population And Spectral Synthesis (BPASS) models to assess whether NGC 1850-BH1 is a black hole (BH). Using search criteria based on reported physical properties in the literature, we purposefully search for suitable systems with a BH (or compact object) companion: we do not find any. Good matches to the observations are found in models where the bright component is a stripped star and the companion is natively (meaning we did not impose this in our search) 1–2.3 mag fainter than the primary in the optical bands. This alone can explain the lack of detection of the companion in the MUSE spectra without the need to invoke rapid rotation, although the conservative mass transfer exhibited by these particular models is likely to lead to rapidly rotating companions that could further smear their spectroscopic signatures. We advise that future claims of unseen BHs in binary systems would benefit from exploring detailed binary evolution models of stellar populations as a sanity check.
Waves of sumoylation support transcription dynamics during adipocyte differentiation
Authors: Zhao Xu , Hendriks Ivo A , Le Gras Stéphanie , Ye Tao , Ramos-Alonso Lucía , Nguéa P Aurélie , Lien Guro Flor , Ghasemi Fatemeh , Klungland Arne , Jost Bernard , Enserink Jorrit M , Nielsen Michael L , Chymkowitch Pierre 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTight control of gene expression networks required for adipose tissue formation and plasticity is essential for adaptation to energy needs and environmental cues. However, the mechanisms that orchestrate the global and dramatic transcriptional changes leading to adipocyte differentiation remain to be fully unraveled. We investigated the regulation of nascent transcription by the sumoylation pathway during adipocyte differentiation using SLAMseq and ChIPseq. We discovered that the sumoylation pathway has a dual function in differentiation; it supports the initial downregulation of pre-adipocyte-specific genes, while it promotes the establishment of the mature adipocyte transcriptional program. By characterizing endogenous sumoylome dynamics in differentiating adipocytes by mass spectrometry, we found that sumoylation of specific transcription factors like PPARγ/RXR and their co-factors are associated with the transcription of adipogenic genes. Finally, using RXR as a model, we found that sumoylation may regulate adipogenic transcription by supporting the chromatin occurrence of transcription factors. Our data demonstrate that the sumoylation pathway supports the rewiring of transcriptional networks required for formation of functional adipocytes. This study also provides the scientists in the field of cellular differentiation and development with an in-depth resource of the dynamics of the SUMO-chromatin landscape, SUMO-regulated transcription and endogenous sumoylation sites during adipocyte differentiation.
The Changing Concepts of the Constitution
Authors: Schwartz Alex 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
There have been several important formal changes to the United Kingdom’s constitution over the past few decades, including devolution to Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales; the incorporation of the European Convention on Human Rights in domestic law; and the creation of a new Supreme Court. This article is about the informal semantic changes that may have accompanied these formal changes. It focuses on several central concepts: parliamentary sovereignty, the rule of law, the separation of powers, devolution, and human rights. Using a recently developed machine learning method to analyse a massive corpus of parliamentary debate, the article gauges the extent to which these concepts have become more (or less) related to the meaning of the UK’s constitution in parliamentary discourse. Ultimately, the analysis supports some important theoretical expectations about the changing nature of the constitution, including the claim that parliamentary sovereignty is now a less significant concept for the meaning of the constitution than it once was.
Timing of Evidence-Based Nonsurgical Interventions as Part of Multimodal Treatment Guidelines for the Management of Cervical Radiculopathy: A Delphi Study
Authors: Thoomes Erik , Thoomes-de Graaf Marloes , Cleland Joshua A , Gallina Alessio , Falla Deborah 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objective
Conservative management of cervical radiculopathy (CR) is a first treatment option because the risk–benefit ratio for surgery is less favorable. Systematic reviews and clinical practice guidelines reporting on the effectiveness of nonsurgical management have not considered the timing of management. The aim of this study was to establish consensus on effective nonsurgical treatment modalities at different stages (ie, acute, subacute, or chronic) of CR using the Delphi method approach.

Methods
Through an iterative multistage process, experts within the field rated their agreement with a list of proposed treatment modalities according to the stage of CR and could suggest missing treatment modalities. Agreement was measured using a 5-point Likert scale. Descriptive statistics were used to measure agreement (median, interquartile ranges, and percentage of agreement). Consensus criteria were defined a priori for each round. Consensus for Round 3 was based on ≥2 of the following: a median Likert scale value of ≥4, interquartile range value of ≤1, and/or a percentage of agreement ≥70%.

Results
Data analysis produced a consensus list of effective treatment modalities in different stages of recovery.

Conclusion
According to experts, the focus of multimodal management in the acute stage should consist of patient education and spinal manipulative therapy, specific (foraminal opening) exercises, and sustained pain-relieving positions. In the subacute stage, increasing individualized physical activity including supervised motor control, specific exercises, and/or neurodynamic mobilization could be added. In the chronic stage, focus should shift to include general aerobic exercise as well as focused strength training. Postural education and vocational ergonomic assessment should also be considered.

Impact
Multimodal conservative management of individuals with CR should take the stage of the condition into consideration. The focus of therapeutic interventions should shift from passive pain-relieving intervention in the acute stage to increasingly more individualized physical activity and self-management in the chronic stage.
DETERMINATION OF THE NEUTRON CONTAMINATION DURING BRAIN RADIOTHERAPY USING A MODERATED-BORON TRIFLUORIDE DETECTOR AND THE MCNP MONTE CARLO CODE
Authors: Elmtalab Soheil , Shanei Ahmad , Choopan Dastjerdi Mohammad Hossein , Brkić Hrvoje , Abedi Iraj , Amouheidari Alireza 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This study aimed to determine the neutron dose equivalent to the thyroid gland and eye lens in brain tumor radiation therapy with 15- and 18-MV three-dimensional conformal methods (3D-CRT). A Monte Carlo simulation was performed using the Monte Carlo N-particle transport code to calculate neutron fluence and ambient dose equivalent (H*(10)). Afterward, these parameters were measured using a model NRD roentgen equivalent in man (REM) neutron detector (Thermo Electron Corporation, USA) equipped with Eberline’s ASP-2e rate meter. Finally, the organ neutron dose equivalent was obtained by applying depth corrections to the measured ambient dose equivalent at the distance of the organ center from the central beam axis. The ratio of the out-of-field photon dose equivalent, measured previously, to the neutron dose equivalent in the eye lens was high due to its proximity to the radiation field. In contrast, this ratio remained unexpectedly high in the thyroid gland that is far from the central beam axis (about 15 cm). The calculated neutron parameters agreed with the measurements. The present study findings indicate that external field photon dose is the main source of thyroid gland biological effects in radiotherapy of brain tumors. In addition, it is appropriate to apply the model NRD REM neutron detector for measuring neutron contamination from high-energy linear accelerators inside and outside the treatment field.