bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reliability analysis to improve performance of multi-pin glass fiber-epoxy laminated composite joints using Weibull distribution
Authors: Gupta Akash , Singh Manjeet 
Published: January 2022

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to check the reliability of a multi-pin joint to be a fail-safe joint by considering different geometric and material parameters. The pin joints are made of uni-directional fiberglass that has been impregnated with epoxy composites incorporating 3% nano-clay.

Design/methodology/approach
This study incorporates the analysis of multi-pin joints experimentally, numerically and statistically using the Weibull approach. During analyses, geometrical parameters edge to diameter (E:D), longitudinal pitch to diameter (F:D), side edge to diameter (S:D) and transverse pitch to diameter (P:D) were analyzed using the Taguchi method with a higher-the-better L16 orthogonal array.

Findings
This study aims to develop multi-pin laminated joints to attain higher reliability, which have been designated as fail-safe joints for the intended application and which have higher joint strength. The study reveals that to achieve 99% reliability or 1% probability of failure using the Weibull approach, 24.4% load decrement from the experimental result recorded for three-pin joint configuration at E:D = 4, F:D = 5, S:D = 4 and P:D = 5. Similarly, for the four-pin configuration at E:D = 4, F:D = 4, S:D = 4 and P:D = 5, 23.07% of load decrement observed from the experimental result implies that the expected load with a 99% reliability offers a safe load.

Originality/value
A reliability analysis on multi-pin joints was not conducted in structural application. Composite materials are used because of high reliability and high strength-to-weight ratio. So, in the present work, reliability of the multi-pin joint is analyzed using Weibull distribution.
Reliability of dentin translucency and incremental cemental lines in age estimation using light and stereomicroscopes: A comparative study
Authors: Shylaja Sanjeevareddygari , Manay Srinivas Munisekhar , Ganji Kiran Kumar , Eppalapalli Sharath Kumar Reddy , Oruganti Venkata Ramanand , Issrani Rakhi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAge estimation of the dead and human remains has been challenging in forensic medicine, both in mass disasters and criminal investigations. There are several approaches to accurately evaluate age, each with its own benefits and drawbacks. Dentine translucency (DT) and incremental cemental lines (ICL) have often been used for age estimation in living adults and unknown skeletal remains. We attempted to estimate age using both these parameters and compare accuracy of age estimated using these parameters in a larger sample. A total of 300 extracted single‐rooted permanent teeth were collected from the patients aged between 15 and 75 years. Longitudinal ground sections in the buccolingual direction of 250 μm thickness were prepared, and the images obtained were subsequently analyzed to measure the length of DT using the ImageJ software program. In addition, the number of ICL were also counted in each tooth section. The age of the individuals was estimated using both methods individually, and the results have shown that both parameters have shown reliable age estimates in the middle age groups. However, there was overestimation of age up to 10.6 years in the younger age group using DT and an underestimation of age up to 13.4 years in the older age group with ICL. Pearson’s correlation statistics revealed a strong positive and statistically significant correlation of both the parameters with the chronological age (0.973 and 0.917). To conclude, the method using the ICL should be preferred due to the relatively higher number of errors (<±3 years) which were considered excellent.
Usefulness of a tissue optical clearing technique for forensic autopsy
Authors: Takahashi Yoichiro , Hayakawa Akira , Sano Rie , Fukuda Haruki , Kubo Rieko , Tokue Hiroyuki , Okawa Takafumi , Kawamura Miki , Kominato Yoshihiko 
Published: January 2022

AbstractForensic pathologists are required to investigate lethal trauma or disease at autopsy. In addition to massive contusions of various organs, a number of small features with potentially fatal implications also need to be sought. Since such lesions may need microscopic examinations for detailed evaluation, it is important to select suitable anatomic locations for tissue sampling. For practical screening of small lesions, we have developed a tissue optical clearing (TOC) technique for forensic autopsy. The technique involves clearing with a non‐toxic organic solvent, ethyl cinnamate, which renders excised organs transparent, while hemorrhages or blood‐containing vessels remain opaque. Using this technique, tiny hemorrhages in the spinal cord were able to be identified by gross examination, allowing proper selection of locations for tissue sampling. Subsequent histopathological evaluation was successfully performed with no apparent artifacts related with the TOC procedure. In addition, a combination of TOC and targeted CT angiography allowed feasible examination of the arterial occlusive lesion in the superior mesenteric artery, and when combined with micro‐CT scanning it was useful for evaluating the lumen of the coronary artery with stent implantation. The results obtained so far indicated that TOC could complement routine forensic autopsy procedures when detailed evaluation of small lesions is required.
Maximizing the hatchability of Locusta migratoria (Orthoptera: Acrididae) eggs under artificial hatching conditions
Authors: Kwak Kyu‐Won , Kim Sun Young , Lee Kyeong Yong , Kim Yong‐Soon , Yoon Hyung Joo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLocusta migratoria is a potential alternative food and animal feed additive in South Korea and has already been registered in the European Union. We investigated the optimal conditions to improve hatchability of L. migratoria eggs under varying hatching conditions for improved artificial rearing. The parameters such as temperature, photoperiod, illuminance, or relative humidity were altered, while the other factors were kept constant. Among the four different temperature treatments (25, 27, 30, and 33°C), the 33°C temperature showed the highest total hatching rate of 85.6% at days 8–12 after oviposition. For photoperiod, hatchability was the highest (81.2%) at 9 L/15D, followed by 80.0% at 12 L/12D, and 72.6% at 15 L/9D. Under illuminance conditions of 600, 1,800, and 3,500 lux, 3,500 lux displayed the highest total hatching rate of 76.1% at days 7–11 after oviposition. Among the relative humidity (RH) levels of 50%, 65%, and 80%, 65% RH provided the highest hatching rate of 86.4% at days 8–13 post‐oviposition. In short, the most effective conditions for hatchability were 33°C, 9 L/15D, 65% RH, and 3,500 lux. Under these conditions, the hatching rate increased significantly to 98.8%. Application of these conditions will contribute to improve hatchability, which will be necessary for industrialization of L. migratoria.
Operative outcomes and long‐term survival of patients undergoing colon interposition after esophagectomy for cancer
Authors: Akutsu Tomohiro , Fujita Takeo , Kajiyama Daisuke , Ozaki Asako , Sato Kazuma , Fujiwara Hisashi , Kojima Takashi , Daiko Hiroyuki 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe first choice of an esophageal substitute after esophagectomy for cancer is the stomach. However, the colon must be considered for reconstruction in specific situations. The purpose of this study was to clarify the frequency and clinical features of patients who underwent colon interposition in thoracic esophagectomy and to investigate the postoperative complications and survival.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective case–control study in the National Cancer Center Hospital East, Japan. Patients who underwent colon interposition after esophagectomy for cancer between 2010 and 2020 were analyzed.ResultsEighty‐eight patients underwent esophagectomy with colon interposition; 53.2% received preoperative treatment and 52.3% underwent thoracoscopic surgery. Clavien–Dindo grade >III postoperative complications occurred in 42% of the patients; anastomotic leakage was the most common complication, occurring in 26.1% of the cases. Univariate analysis of the factors associated with Clavien–Dindo grade <III complications showed that the period 2015–2020 and totally mechanical Collard anastomosis were significant factors, with odds ratios (OR) of 0.264 and 0.267 (p = 0.00327 and p = 0.00335), respectively. Totally mechanical Collard anastomosis was associated with a lower risk of anastomotic leakage by univariate and multivariate analysis (OR, 0.257, p = 0.00566 and OR, 0.285, p = 0.133, respectively). Three‐year overall survival was 54.2%. Univariate and multivariate analysis of overall survival showed that older age was a risk factor (OR, 1.08) for complications.ConclusionIn colon reconstruction after esophageal cancer resection, totally mechanical Collard anastomosis for cervical anastomosis may reduce the risk of Clavien–Dindo grade >III complications.
Effects of land use type and seasonal climate on ground nesting wild bees
Authors: Nooten Sabine S. , Rehan Sandra M. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Agricultural intensification leads to wide ranging changes in habitats along with reduction in nesting site availability and flower resources for wild pollinators. Yet, little is known about the impact of these changes on functional traits of communal ground‐nesting bees.
This study assesses the abundance and body size of a common and widespread North American ground‐nesting bee, Agapostemon virescens, throughout three consecutive years at three land use types: (i) unmowed meadows, (ii) conventional pesticide use and mowed agricultural and (iii) organic pesticide‐free mowed landscapes.
We found no difference in abundance among the three land use types, but body size of spring bees was smaller at farmlands than meadow sites. Body size also varied among years, and bees were smaller in years that followed warm and dry summer seasons. Spring bees were particularly small at organic farms in years following dry and warm summers.
Our results suggest that the smaller size of overwintering bees at agricultural lands could compromise their long‐term survival. This study indicates that a higher frequency of dry and warm summers as a consequence of climate change can impede bee populations in the future.
Negotiating expendability in crisis
Authors: POUCHET JESSICA 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTWhat do people rendered expendable through biopolitical categories do to survive them? When governments classify types of work according to ideologies of essentiality and excess, such as in response to crisis, they construct biopolitical categories that render some livelihoods untenable. Such a politics interacts with existing terrains of inequitable citizenship, pushing some to what feels like the precipice of expendability—a place from which they must skillfully negotiate permission to continue to make ends meet. On the borders of a protected forest in Tanzania, many sources of income have been outlawed in the name of biodiversity conservation. To cope, village residents navigate environmental regulations through their conversations with the enforcers of forest laws. In these conversations they co‐construct narratives in ways that manipulate the boundaries of regulatory categories. In doing so, village residents are creative legal and moral actors who can locate their prohibited activities—and themselves—in the realm of permissibility. [biopolitics, conservation, forests, rural, subsistence, enforcement, Tanzania]
Safety and efficacy of anterior intercostal artery perforator flaps in oncoplastic breast reconstruction
Authors: Kollias Victoria , Kollias James 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionPartial breast reconstruction based on the anterior intercostal artery perforators (AICAP) has been suggested to avoid the unsightly ‘bird's beak’ deformity for lower pole breast cancers. The aims of this study were to evaluate the initial clinical experience of AICAP flaps in terms of safety and efficacy in oncoplastic breast reconstruction.MethodsBetween October 2013 and April 2020, AICAP flaps were offered to 30 patients with lower pole breast cancers. Hand‐held Acoustic Doppler assessments were undertaken to confirm adequate perforators. Surgical results were evaluated in terms of safety and efficacy. Patients were invited to complete sections of the Breast‐Q questionnaire at least 12 months postoperatively to assess patient satisfaction in terms of cosmetic outcome, physical and psychosocial wellbeing.ResultsMedian operating theatre time for AICAP flap harvesting and positioning was 20 min (range 15–28 min). The median weight of resected breast specimens was 41 g (range 10–127 g). Total tumour size ranged from 7 to 35 mm (median 16 mm; three cases exhibited multifocal disease). Clear radial resection margins were achieved in 29 cases (96.7%). The median post‐operative stay was two days (range 2–3 days). There were two postoperative complications comprising delayed wound healing/fat necrosis, which resolved with monitoring and inadine dressings. Based on the Breast‐Q results, patients reported high levels of satisfaction with the physical appearance of their reconstructed breast, psychosocial and physical wellbeing.ConclusionAICAP flaps appear to be safe in restoring breast contour after wide excision of lower pole breast cancers, with high levels of patient satisfaction reported postoperatively.
Oncological results in rectal cancer patients with a subcentimetre distal margin after laparoscopic‐assisted sphincter‐preserving surgery
Authors: Zhang Chenghai , Cui Ming , Xing Jiadi , Yang Hong , Su Xiangqian 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundDistal resection margin (DRM) is closely associated with sphincter‐preserving surgery and oncological safety for patients with mid‐low rectal cancers. However, the optimal DRM has not been determined.MethodsData of 378 rectal cancer patients who underwent laparoscopic‐assisted sphincter‐preserving surgery from 2009 to 2015 were retrospectively analysed. Patients were divided into two groups based on DRM: ≤1 cm (n = 74) and >1 cm (n = 304). To minimize the differences between the two groups, propensity‐score matching on baseline features was performed.ResultsBefore propensity‐score matching, no significant differences in 5‐year disease‐free survival (DFS) (92.8% versus 81.3%, P = 0.128) and 5‐year overall survival (OS) (83.7% versus 82.2%, P = 0.892) were observed in patients with DRMs of ≤1 cm (n = 74) and >1 cm (n = 304), respectively. After propensity‐score matching (1:1), there were also no significant differences in DFS (88.1% versus 78.2%, P = 0.162) and OS (84.5% versus 84.9%, P = 0.420) between the DRM of ≤1 cm group (n = 65) and >1 cm group (n = 65), respectively. A total of 44 patients received preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT). In this cohort, the 5‐year local recurrence (LR) rates (P = 0.118) and the 5‐year DFS rates (P = 0.298) were not significantly different between the two groups. A total of 334 patients received surgery without neoadjuvant CRT. There were also no significant differences in the 5‐year LR rates (P = 0.150) and 5‐year DFS rates (P = 0.172) between the two groups.ConclusionsWhen aiming to achieve at least a 1–2 cm distal clinical resection margin, a histological resection margin of <1 cm on the DRM gave equivalent clinical outcomes to a DRM of >1 cm.
COVID‐19 pandemic and population‐level pregnancy and neonatal outcomes in general population: A living systematic review and meta‐analysis (Update#2: November 20, 2021)
Authors: Yang Jie , D’Souza Rohan , Kharrat Ashraf , Fell Deshayne B. , Snelgrove John W. , Shah Prakesh S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionConflicting reports of increases and decreases in rates of preterm birth (PTB) and stillbirth in the general population during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic have surfaced. The objective of our study was to conduct a living systematic review and meta‐analyses of studies reporting pregnancy and neonatal outcomes by comparing the pandemic and pre‐pandemic periods.Material and methodsWe searched the PubMed and Embase databases and reference lists of articles published up until November 20, 2021, and included English language studies that compared outcomes between the COVID‐19 pandemic time period with pre‐pandemic time periods. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle‐Ottawa scale. We conducted random‐effects meta‐analysis using the inverse variance method.ResultsFifty‐two studies with low‐to‐moderate risk of bias, reporting on 2 372 521 pregnancies during the pandemic period and 28 518 300 pregnancies during the pre‐pandemic period, were included. There was significant reduction in unadjusted estimates of PTB (43 studies, unadjusted odds ratio [uaOR] 0.95, 95% CI 0.93–0.98), but not in adjusted estimates (five studies, adjusted OR [aOR] 0.94, 95% CI 0.74–1.19). This reduction was noted in studies from single centers/health areas (29 studies, uaOR 0.90, 95% CI 0.85–0.94) but not in regional/national studies (14 studies, uaOR 0.99, 95% CI 0.99–1.01). There was reduction in spontaneous PTB (nine studies, uaOR 0.91, 95% CI 0.88–0.94) but not in induced PTB (eight studies, uaOR 0.90, 95% CI 0.79–1.01). There was no difference in the odds of stillbirth between the pandemic and pre‐pandemic time periods (32 studies, uaOR 1.07, 95% CI 0.97–1.18 and three studies, aOR 1.18, 95% CI 0.86–1.63). There was an increase in mean birthweight during the pandemic period compared with the pre‐pandemic period (nine studies, mean difference 21 g, 95% CI 13–30 g). The odds of maternal mortality were increased (five studies, uaOR 1.15, 95% CI 1.05–1.26); however, only unadjusted estimates were available, and the result was mostly influenced by one study from Mexico. There was significant publication bias for the outcome of PTB.ConclusionsThe COVID‐19 pandemic may be associated with a reduction in PTB; however, referral bias cannot be excluded. There was no statistically significant difference in stillbirths between pandemic and pre‐pandemic periods.
Clinical and imaging features of sympathetic ophthalmia and efficacy of the current therapy
Authors: Zhao Xinyu , Zhao Qing , Meng Lihui , Zhang Wenfei , Chen Youxin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of the study was to clarify the clinical and imaging features of sympathetic ophthalmia (SO) and evaluate the efficacy of the current therapy.MethodsThe databases PubMed, EMBASE and Ovid up to January 2021 were searched to identify relevant studies. R software version 3.6.3 was used to perform the statistical analyses.ResultsThirty‐two studies involving 1067 patients were finally included. Our study found SO was male‐dominated, and more than half of SO patients aged 16 to 60 years old. Ocular trauma, surgical interventions and unknown events were estimated to be inciting events in 63%, 36% and 4% of SO patients. About 35% of the patients underwent baseline enucleation, and 45% took compelled enucleation during follow‐up. The most common symptoms at the first presentation were decreased vision, followed by pain and redness. The most common signs were anterior chamber cells/flare, followed by vitritis, exudative retinal detachment and Dalen–Fuch nodules. Choroidal thickening was detected in 81% of SO patients by ocular ultrasound. The most common fluorescein fundus angiography signs were disc leakage. After corticosteroid therapy became the mainstay for SO, about 76% of SO patients could get inflammation well‐controlled, while 24% of them might have recurrent inflammation. Around 72% of SO patients could achieve visual improvement, and more than half of them might have a best‐corrected visual acuity of 20/50 or better.ConclusionSO is a complicated ocular disease with diverse clinical manifestations and imaging features. After proper anti‐inflammation therapy, SO might not necessarily result in a poor prognosis.
Age at diagnosis, anthropometry and birthweight in two ethnically different cohorts of children with type 1 diabetes living in Northwest England or Singapore
Authors: Ng Sze May , Chandrasekaran Surendran , Nesbitt Victoria , Grey Alexandra , Lim Pei Kwee , Hui Yuen Ching , Lek Ngee 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimTo compare children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) living in the Northwest England, United Kingdom (UK) or Singapore, and to correlate age at diagnosis with birthweight and anthropometry at T1D diagnosis.MethodsWe included 166 T1D children of white ethnicity in England (UK‐White) and 185 T1D children of East‐Asian ethnicity origin in Singapore (SG‐Asian) who were born between 2002 and 2020.ResultsThe cohorts from UK‐White and SG‐Asian children differed significantly in FH of T1D (p < 0.001), FH of T2D (p < 0.001) and pubertal status at diagnosis (p = 0.01). Median interquartile range (IQR) for age at diagnosis was similar in the two groups. UK‐White children had significantly higher birthweight SDS, height SDS, weight SDS and BMI SDS (all p < 0.001). Among the subgroup of 174 children who were prepubertal and diagnosed after age 5 years, the UK‐White children were 11 months older than the SG‐Asian children (p = 0.02) indicating that SG‐Asian children at the time of T1D diagnosis were more likely to be in puberty compared with UK‐White children (30% vs. 18%).ConclusionThese two cohorts have substantially different genetic and environmental backgrounds, yet age at the diagnosis of T1D was similar except for the prepubertal children who were diagnosed after 5 years old. Timing of puberty and other factors may influence how early T1D presents during childhood.
The Rise of China's Global Middle Class in an International Context
Authors: Sicular Terry , Yang Xiuna , Gustafsson Björn 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe estimate the size of the global middle class in China and 33 other countries and analyze China's expanding middle class in an international context. The “global middle class” is defined in terms of being neither poor nor rich in the developed world. China's global middle class has grown rapidly and has been catching up with the middle class in developed countries. By 2018 China's global middle class constituted 25 percent of China's population; in absolute size it was nearly double the size of the global middle class in the US and was similar in size to that of Europe. Cross‐country analysis of the relationship between the middle‐class share of the total population and GDP per capita reveals an inverted‐U pattern. China is not an outlier from the cross‐country pattern but the speed with which its middle‐class has expanded is unusual. The only other countries with similarly large, rapid expansions of the middle class are transition economies.
Growth and Common Prosperity in China
Authors: Kakwani Nanak , Wang Xiaobing , Xue Ning , Zhan Peng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper introduces a decomposition method that quantifies the contributions to common prosperity of labor market performance and social policies and extends the idea of shared prosperity to a new measure of inequity in opportunities. The resulting common prosperity indices and opportunity equality indices are then applied to five waves of the Chinese Household Income Project data from 1988 to 2018. This paper shows that the labor market performance and social policies have been improving over the last 30 years and have helped China move towards common prosperity for everyone. The indices developed in this paper allow us to quantify the extent of shared prosperity that a country has achieved and to carry out empirical studies on which policy is working and which is not. It can also help us identify the fundamental causes of inequality and aid us in achieving equality in opportunity among all members of society.