bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of interventions to improve health behaviours of health professionals: a systematic review
Authors: Hobby Julie , Crowley Jennifer , Barnes Katelyn , Mitchell Lana , Parkinson Joy , Ball Lauren 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of interventions designed to improve the health behaviours of health professionals.DesignSystematic review.Data sourcesDatabase searches: Medline, Cochrane library, Embase and CINAHL.Review methodsThis systematic review used Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines to compare randomised controlled trials of health professionals, published between 2010 and 2021, which aimed to improve at least one health behaviour such as physical activity, diet, smoking status, mental health and stress. Two independent reviewers screened articles, extracted data and assessed quality of studies and reporting. The quality of articles was assessed using the Effective Public Health Practice Project quality assessment tool and the completeness of intervention reporting was assessed.Outcome measuresThe outcome assessed was change in behaviour between intervention and control groups from baseline to follow-up.ResultsNine studies met the eligibility criteria, totalling 1107 participants. Health behaviours targeted were mental health and stress, physical activity, and smoking cessation, physical activity and nutrition. Six interventions observed significant improvements in the health behaviour in the intervention compared with control groups. Seven of the studies selected in person workshops as the mode of intervention delivery. The quality of the included studies was high with 80% (7/9) graded as moderate or strong.ConclusionsAlthough high heterogeneity was found between interventions and outcomes, promising progress has occurred across a variety of health behaviours. Improving reporting and use of theories and models may improve effectiveness and evaluation of interventions. Further investigation is needed to recommend effective strategies.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021238684.
Developing and validating a risk prediction model for preterm birth at Felege Hiwot Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, North-West Ethiopia: a retrospective follow-up study
Authors: Feleke Sefineh Fenta , Anteneh Zelalem Alamrew , Wassie Gizachew Tadesse , Yalew Anteneh Kassa , Dessie Anteneh Mengist 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveTo develop and validate a risk prediction model for the prediction of preterm birth using maternal characteristics.DesignThis was a retrospective follow-up study. Data were coded and entered into EpiData, V.3.02, and were analysed using R statistical programming language V.4.0.4 for further processing and analysis. Bivariable logistic regression was used to identify the relationship between each predictor and preterm birth. Variables with p≤0.25 from the bivariable analysis were entered into a backward stepwise multivariable logistic regression model, and significant variables (p<0.05) were retained in the multivariable model. Model accuracy and goodness of fit were assessed by computing the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (discrimination) and calibration plot (calibration), respectively.Setting and participantsThis retrospective study was conducted among 1260 pregnant women who did prenatal care and finally delivered at Felege Hiwot Comprehensive Specialised Hospital, Bahir Dar city, north-west Ethiopia, from 30 January 2019 to 30 January 2021.ResultsResidence, gravidity, haemoglobin <11 mg/dL, early rupture of membranes, antepartum haemorrhage and pregnancy-induced hypertension remained in the final multivariable prediction model. The area under the curve of the model was 0.816 (95% CI 0.779 to 0.856).ConclusionThis study showed the possibility of predicting preterm birth using maternal characteristics during pregnancy. Thus, use of this model could help identify pregnant women at a higher risk of having a preterm birth to be linked to a centre.
Using FIB-4 score as a screening tool in the assessment of significant liver fibrosis (F2) in patients with transfusion-dependent beta thalassaemia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Padeniya Padmapani , Ediriweera Dileepa Senajith , De Silva Arjuna P. , Niriella Madunil Anuk , Premawardhena Anuja 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveTo evaluate the performance of the fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) score as a screening tool to detect significant liver fibrosis (F2) compared with transient elastography (TE), among chronic transfusion-dependent beta-thalassaemia (TDT) patients in a resource-poor setting.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingAdolescent and Adult Thalassaemia Care Centre (University Medical Unit), Kiribathgoda, Sri Lanka.Participants45 TDT patients who had undergone more than 100 blood transfusions with elevated serum ferritin >2000 ng/mL were selected for the study. Patients who were serologically positive for hepatitis C antibodies were excluded.Outcome measuresTE and FIB-4 scores were estimated at the time of recruitment in all participants. Predefined cut-off values for F2, extracted from previous TE and FIB-4 scores studies, were compared. A new cut-off value for the FIB-4 score was estimated using receiver operating characteristics curve analysis to improve the sensitivity for F2 prediction.ResultsOf the selected 45 TDT patients, 22 (49%) were males. FIB-4 score showed a significant linear correlation with TE (r=0.52;p<0.0003). The FIB-4 score was improbable to lead to a false classification of TDT patients to have F2 when the FIB-4 cut-off value was 1.3. On the other hand, it had a very low diagnostic yield in missing almost all (except one) of those who had F2. Using a much-lowered cut-off point of 0.32 for FIB-4, we improved the pick-up rate of F2 to 72%.ConclusionsRegardless of the cut-off point, the FIB-4 score cannot be used as a good screening tool to pick up F2 in patients with TDT, irrespective of their splenectomy status. On the contrary, at a 1.3 cut-off value, though FIB-4 is a very poor detector for F2 fibrosis, it will not erroneously diagnose F2 fibrosis in those who do not have it.
eHealth tools to assess neurological function: a systematic review protocol for a mapping exercise
Authors: Ferreira Vasco Ribeiro , Seddighi Hamed , Beumeler Lise , Metting Esther , Gallo Valentina 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionPopulation-based epidemiological studies investigating risk/protective factors are outlining prevention strategies for neurological conditions that often do not have effective treatment. However, ascertaining neurological outcomes can be a time consuming and expensive process, often requiring specialised personnel and/or equipment. Thus, collecting neurological data on a large scale has been an ongoing challenge for clinicians and researchers alike. The development of new technology and the emergence of several opportunities to adapt it to the health research and practice (eHealth) can be a promising solution to this problem. Several neurological eHealth tools have been developed, with many others being currently planned.Methods and analysisWe propose a systematic review mapping the available eHealth tools for assessing the different aspects of neurological function. The search aims at identifying studies published in peer-reviewed journals, which focused on the development or implementation of eHealth for assessing neurological signs or symptoms. Four engine databases are being considered (PubMed, EBSCOhost, Web of Science and Scopus), and data extraction will follow a process aimed at classifying them by their characteristics and purposes.Ethics and disseminationThis mapping exercise will be made available to researchers in order to aid them in successfully ascertaining neurological outcomes in large population-based epidemiological studies. Given the nature of this study, no ethical clearance was needed to conduct the review.
Comparative cardiovascular side effects of medications for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children, adolescents and adults: protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Lannes Alice , Farhat Luis C , Del Giovane Cinzia , Cipriani Andrea , Revet Alexis , Cortese Samuele 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionPharmacotherapy is an important component of the multimodal treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Cardiovascular safety of medications for ADHD is of concern from a clinical and public health standpoint. We aim to conduct a network meta-analysis (NMA) comparing the effects of available medications for ADHD on blood pressure (diastolic and systolic), heart rate and ECG parameters over the short-term and long-term treatment.Methods and analysisPreferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines for protocols and NMAs will be followed. We will include parallel group or cross-over randomised controlled trials (RCTs) conducted in patients with a primary diagnosis of ADHD (no age limits). We will search an extensive number of electronic databases (including MEDLINE, CINAHL, CENTRAL, EMBASE, ERIC, PsycINFO, OpenGrey, Web of Science) from their inception and contact study authors/drug manufacturers to gather relevant unpublished information. No language restrictions will be applied. The main outcomes (assessed at 12 weeks, 26 weeks and 52 weeks) will be: (1) change in diastolic and systolic blood pressure (mm Hg); (2) change in heart rate, measured in beats/min; (3) change in any available ECG parameters. We will conduct random effects of NMA using standardised mean differences with 95% CIs for continuous outcomes and ORs with 95% CIs for dichotomous outcomes. We will use the Cochrane risk of bias tool-version 2 to assess the risk of bias of included RCTs and the Confidence In Network Meta-Analysis tool to evaluate the confidence of evidence contributing to each network estimate. Sensitivity analyses will investigate effects at different dose regimens.Ethics and disseminationNo institutional review board approval will be necessary. The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis will be presented at national and international conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021295352.
Nurses’ perspectives on the barriers to and facilitators of the implementation of secondary prevention for people with coronary heart disease: a qualitative descriptive study
Authors: Ni Yunxia , Wen Ya , Bao Yun , Xu Ying , Chen Zhonglan , Yang Xuemei , He Juan , You Guiying 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesTo identify the barriers to and facilitators of secondary prevention among people with coronary heart disease from the perspectives of nurses.DesignA qualitative descriptive design using face-to-face semistructured interviews.SettingThis study was conducted in China from October to November 2021.ParticipantsRegistered nurses who had experience conducting secondary prevention for coronary heart disease were purposively recruited. Twelve nurses from 10 hospitals participated in this study. The data were analysed using content analysis based on the Theoretical Domains Framework.ResultsBased on the Theoretical Domains Framework, barriers to and facilitators of secondary prevention were identified within four key themes: nurse attributes (eg, knowledge and skills, motivation), patient characteristics (eg, age, education and economic conditions), the environmental context and resources (eg, organisational support, including financial support, clarity of responsibilities) and social influence (eg, economic development level, patient feedback).ConclusionsThis research highlights the importance of nurses’ motivation for delivering preventive care. Organisations should provide adequate support and establish a quality management system to maintain the quality of secondary prevention.
Trainee perceptions of resident duty hour restrictions: a qualitative study of online discussion forums
Authors: Dehmoobad Sharifabadi Anahita , Clarkin Chantalle , Doja Asif 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveResident duty hour (RDH) restrictions in postgraduate medical education is a controversial yet important topic for study. There is limited literature on authentic trainee perceptions surrounding RDH restrictions to inform evaluation and future planning. Online forums are a widely accessible, yet underused resource, for insight into trainee perceptions. Our objective was to qualitatively assess trainee perceptions of RDH restrictions on online discussion forums.SettingOnline discussion forums; Premed101 (Canadian forum) and Student Doctor Network (SDN) (American forum).Participants6630 posts from 161 discussion threads; comprising 429 posts in 14 threads from Premed101 and 6201 posts in 147 threads from SDN. Posters included medical students, residents and attending physicians.DesignData were analysed inductively and iteratively to create themes and subthemes. Cocoding, consensus-based decision making and an audit trail were used to ensure trustworthiness.ResultsKey findings distilled across both forums include: the relationship between hours worked and competence, the inapplicability of blanket RDH restrictions to all specialties and the inter-relationship between fatigue and patient safety. Discussions of RDH restriction compliance and perceived consequence for the reporting of violations were also featured on the American SDN forum.ConclusionsThe findings of this study reveal multiple themes pertinent to the implementation and revision of RDH restrictions. The most prominent theme was the inapplicability of blanket restrictions on duty hours theme due to the diversity of training needs across specialties and the environmental context of training programmes. Other discussions included the inter-relationship of patient safety and resident competence with duty hours. Lastly, concerns regarding the lack of transparency and psychological safety surrounding RDH violations, were discussed.
Employment status and bereavement after parental suicide: a population representative cohort study
Authors: Bélanger Sissel Marguerite , Stene-Larsen Kim , Magnus Per , Reneflot Anne , Christiansen Solveig Glestad , Hauge Lars Johan 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesTo examine employment status among adults bereaved by parental suicide at the time of bereavement and 2 and 5 years after the loss and to explore the importance of the gender of the adult child and the deceased parent.DesignPopulation-based register study.SettingNorwegian population-based registries linked using unique personal identifiers.ParticipantsNorwegian residents aged 25–49 years in the period 2000–2014. Participants were divided into three groups: bereaved by parental suicide, bereaved by parental death of other causes and non-bereaved population controls.Main outcome measuresORs for the risk of non-employment at the time of bereavement and 2 and 5 years after the loss.ResultsThose bereaved by parental suicide had a higher risk of non-employment already at the time of bereavement (OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.23). Stratified analyses showed that women accounted for this difference (OR 1.20, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.33), while no difference was found for men (OR 1.00, 95% CI 0.88 to 1.13). Looking at the gender of the parent, there was only a significant association of non-employment when losing a mother (OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.42), while not for losing a father (OR 1.09, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.20). Among those working at the time of bereavement, offspring bereaved by suicide were more likely to be non-employed at both 2 (OR 1.13, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.30) and 5 (OR 1.20, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.40) years after the loss compared with the general population.ConclusionsWomen bereaved by parental suicide and those losing a mother to suicide were found to have a weaker attachment to the labour market already before losing their parent. Those who were employed when bereaved by suicide were somewhat more likely to be non-employed 5 years after the event.
Which physical therapy intervention is most effective in reducing secondary lymphoedema associated with breast cancer? Protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Aguilera-Eguía Raúl Alberto , Seron Pamela , Gutiérrez-Arias Ruvistay , Zaror Carlos 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionLymphoedema associated with breast cancer is caused by an interruption of the lymphatic system, together with factors such as total mastectomy, axillary dissection, positive lymph nodes, radiotherapy, use of taxanes and obesity. Physiotherapy treatment consists of complex decongestive therapy, manual lymphatic drainage and exercises, among other interventions. Currently, there are several systematic review and randomised controlled trials that evaluate the efficacy of these interventions. However, at present, there are no studies that compare the effectiveness of all these physical therapy interventions. The purpose of this study is to determine which physical therapy treatment is most effective in reducing breast cancer-related lymphoedema, improving quality of life and reducing pain.Methods and analysisMEDLINE, PEDro, CINAHL, EMBASE, LILACS and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials will be searched for reports of randomised controlled trials published from database inception to June 2022. We will only include studies that are written in English, Spanish and Portuguese. We will also search grey literature, preprint servers and clinical trial registries. The primary outcomes are reduction of secondary lymphoedema associated with breast cancer, improvements in quality of life and pain reduction. The risk of bias of individual studies will be evaluated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 Tool. A network meta-analysis will be performed using a random-effects model. First, pairs will be directly meta-analysed and indirect comparisons will be made between the different physical therapy treatments. The GRADE system will be used to assess the overall quality of the body of evidence associated with the main results.Ethics and disseminationThis protocol does not require approval from an ethics committee. The results will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publications.PROSPERO registration numberCDR42022323541.
Advancing virtual primary care for people with opioid use disorder (VPC OUD): a mixed-methods study protocol
Authors: Hedden Lindsay , McCracken Rita K , Spencer Sarah , Narayan Shawna , Gooderham Ellie , Bach Paxton , Boyd Jade , Chakanyuka Christina , Hayashi Kanna , Klimas Jan , Law Michael , McGrail Kimberlyn , Nosyk Bohdan , Peterson Sandra , Sutherland Christy , Ti Lianping , Yung Seles , Cameron Fred , Fernandez Renee , Giesler Amanda , Strydom Nardia 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThe emergence of COVID-19 introduced a dual public health emergency in British Columbia, which was already in the fourth year of its opioid-related overdose crisis. The public health response to COVID-19 must explicitly consider the unique needs of, and impacts on, communities experiencing marginalisation including people with opioid use disorder (PWOUD). The broad move to virtual forms of primary care, for example, may result in changes to healthcare access, delivery of opioid agonist therapies or fluctuations in co-occurring health problems that are prevalent in this population. The goal of this mixed-methods study is to characterise changes to primary care access and patient outcomes following the rapid introduction of virtual care for PWOUD.Methods and analysisWe will use a fully integrated mixed-methods design comprised of three components: (a) qualitative interviews with family physicians and PWOUD to document experiences with delivering and accessing virtual visits, respectively; (b) quantitative analysis of linked, population-based administrative data to describe the uptake of virtual care, its impact on access to services and downstream outcomes for PWOUD; and (c) facilitated deliberative dialogues to co-create educational resources for family physicians, PWOUD and policymakers that promote equitable access to high-quality virtual primary care for this population.Ethics and disseminationApproval for this study has been granted by Research Ethics British Columbia. We will convene PWOUD and family physicians for deliberative dialogues to co-create educational materials and policy recommendations based on our findings. We will also disseminate findings via traditional academic outputs such as conferences and peer-reviewed publications.
Effects of the Labour Inspectorate Authority’s regulatory tools on psychosocial and biomechanical work factors in Norwegian home care services: a cluster randomised controlled trial
Authors: Finnanger Garshol Bjørnar , Knardahl Stein , Emberland Jan Shahid , Skare Øivind , Johannessen Håkon A 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesThis study aimed to determine the effects of the Labour Inspectorate Authority’s (LIA’s) regulatory tools on psychosocial and biomechanical work factors in the Norwegian municipal home care services.MethodsA cluster-randomised controlled trial conducted in the home care services with employee questionnaire data on work factors at baseline, and 6 and 12 months after the interventions. In total, 96 eligible municipalities were randomly assigned to either the control group or one of two interventions: (1) labour inspection visits, based on the LIA’s standard inspections; and (2) guidance-through-workshops, where the participating services highlighted issues and trained labour inspectors provided guidance based on existing labour laws and regulations.ResultsNo favourable intervention effect was observed for the inspection intervention. No effects were observed for most of the variables in the guidance intervention, although an effect was observed for the following psychosocial factors: decision control, control over work intensity and empowering leadership. However, after adjusting for multiple testing, none of the observed effects were statistically significant.ConclusionLabour inspections did not affect psychosocial and biomechanical work factors in the home care services. A favourable effect of the guidance intervention on psychosocial work factors was observed. However, this was not evident after adjusting for multiple testing. Further research is needed to elaborate on how labour inspections and other regulatory tools can impact psychosocial and biomechanical work factors.Trial registration numberNCT03855163.