bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quipus and Witches’ Knots
Authors: Day Cyrus Lawrence 
Published: April 2022

This essay in cultural anthropology provides a comprehensive view of the way primitive people in all parts of the world once utilized knots; mnemonic knots—to record dates, numbers, and cultural traditions; magic knots—to cure diseases, bewitch enemies, and control the forces of nature; and practical knots—to tie things and hold things together.In his discussion of mnemonic knots, the author analyzes the Peruvian quipus (or knot-calendars and knot-records) and suggests that the Inca astronomer-priests, known to have been accurate observers of the movements of the planets, may also have been able to predict the dates of lunar eclipses; and he shows how it is possible to manipulate the Ina abacus in accordance with the decimal system.His treatment of magic knots includes instances from Babylonian times to the present, with curious examples of the supernatural power attributed to the Hercules knot (i.e., the square knot) in Egypt, Greece, and Rome. His analysis of a little-known treatise on surgeons’ slings and nooses, written by the Green physician Heraklas, is the first detailed account of the specific practical knots used by the ancient Greeks and Romans.Quipus and Witches’ Knots, which is abundantly illustrated, often surprises the reader with the unexpected ways in which the once universal dependence of men on knots has left its mark on the language, customs, and thought of modern peoples.
Quest and Response
Authors: McCoy Donald R. , Ruetten Richard T. 
Published: April 2022

Here is a thorough treatment of every important aspect of minority affairs during the Truman administration. The authors trace the significant developments in the quest for minority rights from 1945 to 1953, show the interrelatedness to the struggle waged by Americas racial minorities, and assess the role of the Truman administration in that struggle.The quest of minority peoples for civil rights was a scattered, meager movement until the beginning of the Second World War. Minority group members were segregated, intimidated, poverty-ridden, and undernourished, and their struggle suffered from these weaknesses. This situation changed to an unprecedented extent during the years between 1945 and 1953.Under President Harry S. Truman, the executive branch of the federal government listened to minority groups as never before and often responded to their entreaties and pressures. Civil-rights victories were won in the courts. Educational levels rose and employment opportunities increased. Legal segregation began to crumble, and the campaign for better housing inched forward. Alliances were forged among racial minorities, Jews, organized labor, and political and religious liberals.Sizable elements among the minority group ranks developed a modicum of economic power and political influence for the first time during the Truman administration. This rudimentary power was among the bases for civil-rights and racial developments after 1953.Although the civil-rights story of the Truman administration is one relating mainly to blacks, this study deals with other minority groups, including Indians, Mexican-Americans, Puerto Ricans, Japanese- and Chinese-Americans, and Jews. Based on extensive research in primary source materials, it is a balanced, in-depth analysis of the power of minorities in eliciting change. It is a valuable addition to the study of social as well as political history.
Enduring Liberalism
Authors: Fowler Robert Booth 
Published: April 2022

Has the United States become more pluribus than unum? In terms of the nation's political beliefs, Robert Booth Fowler answers both yes and no. While his study affirms significant diversity among an elite cadre of public intellectuals, it vigorously denies it in a general public that collectively adheres to the same set of liberal core values.Enduring Liberalism pursues two objectives. One, it explores the political thought of public intellectuals and the general public since the 1960s. Two, it assesses contemporary and classic interpretations of American political thought in light of the study's findings.Fowler interprets the writings of public intellectuals like Robert Bellah, Jean Bethke Elshtain, Michael Walzer, William Bennett, Seymour Martin Lipset, William Galston, and others, as well as survey data of American political attitudes, to spotlight this oft-ignored divide between citizens and high-profile commentators, whose contentious debates are mistakenly assumed to reflect countrywide rifts.Fowler's argument is straightforward, but the interpretation is controversial. He recounts how the consensus liberal view in post-World War II American political thought collapsed among public intellectuals during the tumult of the 1960s and remains so to this day. His book examines the resultant diversity among contemporary public intellectuals, focusing on three predominant themes: concern for community, worry about the environment, and interest in civil society. In marked contrast to these disputatious commentators, Fowler finds the realm of popular opinion to be characterized by much greater consensus. Indeed, there seems to be a trend toward an even more general embrace of the liberal values that characterize our attitudes toward the individual, individual liberty, political equality, economic opportunity, and consent of the governed. Liberal values—above all the celebration of the individual and individual rights—have revolutionized the so-called private realms of life like family and religious communities to an extent unimagined in the 1950s.From these conclusions, Fowler demonstrates that most interpretations of American political thinking have exaggerated the extent of conflict and diversity in our nation's often raucous policy disputes. But he also cautions us not to overstate the public's widely shared liberal values and, by doing so, miss opportunities to facilitate problem solving or to recognize the ways in which our reform efforts may be constrained.
Revolt Against Modernity
Authors: McAllister Ted V. 
Published: April 2022

Eric Voegelin and Leo Strauss are two of the most provocative and durable political philosophers of this century. Ted McAllister's superbly written study provides the first comprehensive comparison of their thought and its profound influence on contemporary American conservatism.Since the appearance in the 1950s of Strauss's Natural Right and History and Voegelin's Order and History, conservatives like Russell Kirk, Irving Kristol, and Allan Bloom have increasingly turned to these thinkers to support their attacks on liberalism and the modernist mindset.Like so many conservatives, Strauss and Voegelin rebelled against modernity' amorality—personified by Machiavelli, Hobbes, Rousseau, Kant, Hegel, and Nietzsche—and its promotion of individualism and materialism over communal and spiritual responsibility. While both disdained the reductionist "conservative" label, conservatives nevertheless appropriated their philosophy, in part because it restored theology and classical tradition to the moral core of civil society.For both men, modernity's debilitating disorder revealed surprising and disturbing relations among liberal, communist, and Nazi ideologies. In their eyes, modernity's insidious virus, so apparent in the Nazi and communist regimes, lies incubating within liberal democracy itself.McAllister's thorough reevaluation of Strauss and Voegelin expands our understanding of their thought and restores balance to a literature that has been dominated by political theorists and disciples of Strauss and Voegelin. Neither reverential nor dismissive, he reveals the social, historical, political, and philosophical foundations of their work and effectively decodes their frequently opaque or esoteric thinking.Well written and persuasively argued, McAllister's study will appeal to anyone engaged in the volatile debates over liberalism's demise and conservatism's rise.
The American Deists
Authors: Walters Kerry S. 
Published: April 2022

Challenging carved-in-stone tenets of Christianity, deism began sprouting in colonial America in the early eighteenth century, was flourishing nicely by the American Revolution, and for all intents and purposes was dead by 1811. Despite its hasty demise, deism left a theological legacy. Christian sensibility would never be quite the same.Bringing together the works of six major American deists—Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, Ethan Allen, Thomas Paine, Elihu Palmer, and Philip Frenau—an dthe Frechman Comte de Volney, whose writings greatly influenced the American deists, Kerry Walters has created the fullest analysis yet of deism and rational religion in colonial and early America. In addition to presenting a chronological collection of several works by each author, he provides a description of deisms historical roots, its major themes, its social and political implications, and the reasons for its eventual demise as a movement.Essential readings from the three major deistic periodicals of the period—Temple of Reason, Prospect, and the Theophilanthropist—also are included in the volume. This is the first time they have been reprinted since their original publication.American deism is more than merely an antiquated philosophical position possessing only historical interest, Walters contends. Its search for a religion based upon the ideals of reason, nature, and humanitarianism, rather than the blind faith, scriptural inerrancy, and miracles preached by Christian churches at the time, continues to offer insight of real significance.
CİDDİ TRAVMATİK BEYİN HASARINDA AMANTADİN ETKİNLİĞİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ: OLGU SERİSİ VE LİTERATÜR DERLEMESİ
Authors: KARABACAK Pınar , POLAT Özlem 
Published: April 2022

Travmatik beyin hasarı (TBH) genç nüfus arasında
sık görülen bir ölüm sebebidir. Bu hastaların yaklaşık
% 10-15'nde ciddi komorbiditeler görülmektedir ve vejetatif
bir hayat ile taburcu edilmektedirler. Amantadin,
NMDA (N-metil-D-aspartat) reseptör antagonisti ve
indirekt dopamin agonisti gibi davranmaktadır. Fakat
etki mekanizması net değildir. TBH olan hastalarda
uyanıklığı artırmak için hala kullanılmaktadır. Bu olgu
serisinde, TBH ile yoğun bakımda takip edilen ve tedavilerinde
amantadin kullanılan 8 hasta sunulmuştur.
Olguların özellikleri Tablo 1'de verilmiştir. Travmatik
beyin hasarı olan tüm hastalar geldiklerinde bilinçsizdi
ve entübe edildiler. Tüm hastalara sedasyon için tiyopental
sodyum 3 mg/kg yükleme sonrası 3-5 mg/ kg /
saat infüzyon dozlarında kullanıldı. Amantadin sülfat
tedavisine ilk saatte 200 mg / gün olarak başlandı ve
tedaviye en az 10 gün devam edildi. Travmatik beyin
hasarı (TBI), sosyal ve ekonomik sonuçları olan ciddi
bir sağlık problemidir. Nörolojik iyileşmeyi artırmak
için pek çok yöntem bulunmasına rağmen hala spesifik
bir tedavisi yoktur. Amantadin, TBH'li hastaların
nörolojik iyileşmesi için güvenilir ve sıklıkla kullanılan
bir ilaçtır. Literatürde TBH'li hastalarda amantadin
kullanımına ilişkin çalışmalar kontrol grubu ve çeşitli
parametreler ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Bu çalışmalar,
amantadin grubunda nörolojik iyileşmenin daha iyi
olduğunu göstermiştir. Glasgow Koma Ölçeği (GKS),
Full Outline of Unresponsiveness (FOUR) skalası ve
yoğun bakım ve hastanede kalış süresi gibi bazı değişkenler
kullandık. FOUR skalası entübe hastalarda
nörolojik durumu daha iyi yansıtır. Etkinliği gösteren
sınırlı sayıda makale olmasına rağmen TBH'li hastalarda
amantadin kullanımı, dozu, süresi ile ilgili yeni
çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.
Dynamics of resistance to antibiotics in nosocomial staphylococci from multidisciplinary hospital
Authors: Gladin Dmitry P. , Kozlova Nadezhda S. , Korolyuk Alexander M. , Barantsevich Natalia E. , Baranov Ilya A. , Khairullina Alina R. , Barantsevich Elena P. 
Published: April 2022

Background. Staphylococci are still the leading causative agents of infections associated with healthcare, and the study of their antibiotic resistance is still relevant.
Aim. The research is aimed at study of antibiotic resistance of hospital strains of staphylococci in dynamics.
Materials and methods. Susceptibility to 16 antimicrobial agents was studied in 554 Staphylococcus strains, isolated from patients in a multidisciplinary medical centre. The method of serial microdilutions was used.
Results. Antibiotic-resistant strains prevailed (85.4%). Methicillin-resistance and multy-resistance were found to be more typical for coagulase-negative strains 75.2% and 74.1% respectively, than for Staphylococcus aureus 14.2% and 15.4% respectively. Methicillin-resistance and poly-resistance in S. aureus was found to decrease it was 11.1% and 12.8% in 20152016 (17.1% and 17.9% respectively in 20112012). On the contrary, methicillin-resistance in coagulase-negative staphylococci strains during the same period increased 1.5 times. Totally, methicillin-resistant strains composed a half of the isolates 48.7%. The studied Staphylococcus strains were susceptible to vancomycin, daptomycin, tigecycline. Resistance to linezolid and amikacin was 2.2% and 2.7% respectively. S. aureus strains were all susceptible to linezolid, fusidic acid, rifampicin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of antibiotics for staphylococci varied in wide ranges from 0.06 to 128 mg/l. For S. aureus and S. epidermidis, the MIC50 and MIC90 of only five drugs (benzylpenicillin, tigecycline, vancomycin, linezolid, and daptomycin) were the same, while the MIC50 and MIC90 of most of the other studied drugs against S. epidermidis were significantly higher compared to S. aureus.
Conclusion. The variability of resistance of staphylococci to antimicrobial drugs in a multidisciplinary hospital confirms the need for continuous monitoring of their antibiotic resistance.
Structural epilepsy in children who have suffered a hemorrhagic stroke
Authors: Fomina Maria Yu. , Gumenik Helena V. , Korostovtsev Dmitry D. , Kovelenova Marina V. 
Published: April 2022

The relevance of studying the consequences of hemorrhagic strokes in young children is due to the frequency of cerebrovascular pathology, the formation of persistent neurological deficits, including post-stroke epilepsy, and high mortality. It is known that hemorrhages are diagnosed in the first 28 days of life in 6-7 out of 100,000 infants, in children from the 28th day of life to 18 years of age from 0.7 to 5.1 cases per 100 thousand children. Mortality in hemorrhagic and ischemic strokes in children ranges from 7 to 28%. Epileptic seizures of the acute and acute period of stroke are prognostically unfavorable factors of the course of the disease. The article presents brief literature data on the etiology and localization of hemorrhagic strokes, their role in the formation of pharmacoresistant epilepsy. Special attention is paid to the role of late hemorrhagic disease of newborns, accompanied by intracranial hemorrhages, in the formation of structural epilepsy in the future. The paper describes own clinical observations of 25 patients suffering from epilepsy after a hemorrhagic stroke with a description of the clinical picture, features of paroxysmal states and their therapy, neuroimaging data, electroencephalographic phenomena. A clinical example is presented in which the clinical, anamnestic, electrophysiological data of a patient with pharmacoresistant epilepsy developed as a result of a hemorrhagic stroke on the background of late hemorrhagic disease of newborns are considered.
Structural epilepsy in children, formed after a hemorrhagic stroke, is accompanied by significant multi-regional damage, pronounced neurological deficit and is characterized by a pharmacoresistant course.
Bipolar versus monopolar transurethral resection for benign prostatic hypertrophy: a prospective comparative study
Authors: P. Srinivasrao , Shashidhar Mallidu 
Published: April 2022

Background: The transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is a well-known surgical procedure for treating benign prostatic hypertrophy in males. Monopolar TURP (MTURP) has been used in the past, however the morbidity associated with MTURP has led to the development of new surgical procedures. Energy is restricted between electrodes at the resectoscope site in bipolar TURP (BTURP), permitting the use of physiological irrigation medium. In terms of patient outcomes, there is still some doubt about the distinctions between various surgical procedures. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of monopolar (M-TURP) and bipolar (B-TURP) TURP.Methods: In this prospective comparison trial, 100 patients were enrolled and table randomized to either M-TURP or B-TURP surgery for prostatic hyperplasia. Prostate size, post-void volume and hemoglobin were recorded pre and postoperatively. Resection time was noted.Results: Patients were divided into two groups, namely M-TURP and B-TURP. The mean age of patients was comparable between both groups. There is a significantly lower mean resection time in M-TURP compared to B-TURP. Drop-in hemoglobin levels (g/dl) in M-TURP patients were higher than in B-TURP. The M-TURP group showed a higher reduction in post-void residual volume than the B-TURP group. B-TURP group had a larger reduction in gland size than the M-TURP group.Conclusions: M-TURP and B-TURP are safe and effective procedures for treating BPH.
A cross sectional study on clinical profile and complications associated with diphtheria in Sir Ronald Ross Institute of Tropical and Communicable diseases, Hyderabad, Telangana state
Authors: Anjum Shabnam , Bhavani Kenche , Vijayasree L. , Krishna Ananda 
Published: April 2022

Background: Diphtheria is a potentially fatal infection caused by Corynebacterium (C.) diphtheriae strains and occasionally by toxigenic C. ulcerans and C. pseudotuberculosis strains. Although effective vaccines are available all over the world, this disease has the potential to re-emerge. As there are few studies regarding clinical profile, complications, and immunization status among adult in Telangana, this study will bridge the gap in information regarding demographic data, clinical features, immunization status, and the presence of complications.Methods: Cross sectional study done for a period of 8 months from March-October 2019 at Sir Ronald Ross Institute of Tropical and Communicable Diseases, Hyderabad. Study was done on 150 diphtheria (clinical and microbiologically) positive cases admitted. The collected data was entered in Microsoft excel and analysed using Epi info v.7.2.6.6.Results: Out of the total study participants 34% belong to 10-14 years age group 99.3% had patch over tonsil, 98.7% had fever. Among the study participants, 19.3% had electrocardiography (ECG) abnormalities, 10.7% had breathing problems, 11.3% had both ECG abnormalities and breathing problems, 7.3% had diphtheria myocarditis. 20.7% were completely immunized and 46% were partially immunized, 6.6% patient’s immunization status were unknown and 26.7% of the patients were unvaccinated. The occurrence of complications was common among Muslims (p=0.001), rural residence (p=0.0005). Educational qualification was significantly associated with occurrence of complications (p=0.04), and people coming from lower socioeconomic strata had more complications compared to others (p≤0.05) Unvaccinated people suffered from more complications compared to vaccinated people (p=0.002).Conclusions: There is an age shift in the occurrence of diphtheria increasingly over 5 years of age.
Asymptomatic unilateral lateral semicircular canal aplasia associated with a dilated vestibule
Authors: Medeiros Nuno , Valente Pedro , Condé Artur , Larangeiro João 
Published: April 2022

<p class="abstract">Lateral semicircular canal aplasia is a rare form of vestibular dysplasia. This is the last canal to be formed during the fetal period, becoming susceptible to isolated malformations. A 17-year-old male patient performed a magnetic resonance with a subsequent incidental finding of isolated, unilateral, lateral SCS aplasia associated with a dilated vestibule. He was asymptomatic and physical examination was unremarkable. Videonistagmography showed a diminished ipsilateral caloric response and ipsilateral v-HIT gains were normal. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first non-syndromic case of aplasia of the lateral SCS with no vestibular or audiological symptoms. This absence could be explained by compensation due to the congenital nature of this malformation.</p><p> </p>
GENETIC IMPROVEMENT IN POPCORN
Authors: HARTMANN CARANHATO ANDRÉ LUÍS , ROMO TRINDADE RAFAEL WILLIAM , SANTOS UHDRE RENAN , JOSÉ BARTH PINTO RONALD , ALBERTO SCAPIM CARLOS , ZAGATTO PATERNIANI MARIA ELISA AYRES GUIDETTI 
Published: April 2022

Popcorn consumption in Brazil has grown significantly over the years, and genetic improvement is essential to obtain sustainable gains in multiple traits to supply this increasing demand. Thus, the objective of this review was to contribute information concerning the process of popcorn breeding in tropical regions, germplasm availability, popcorn breeding plans, the main characteristics related to popcorn quality and yield, and advances and perspectives in the process of popcorn improvement. The main focus of breeding programs is to obtain hybrids from inbred lines with high popping expansion (40 mL g-1) and yield (4.000 kg ha-1). The genetic improvement performed in Brazil has presented significant advances, mainly due to work developed in public institutions with the development of new hybrids that present more significant popping expansion and yield. However, the number of cultivars is still low, and most of them are controlled by private companies. Therefore, intrapopulation methods are recommended to develop open-pollinated varieties with high popping expansion, and this trait can be used as an early predictor of promising inbred lines to obtain superior hybrids for grain quality. Furthermore, popping expansion can be quickly recovered in backcrosses involving the cross of common maize with an inbred popcorn line.
A COMMERCIAL BREEDING PERSPECTIVE OF MAIZE IMPROVEMENT FOR DROUGHT STRESS TOLERANCE
Authors: NURMBERG PEDRO LUIZ , BRITO ANDRÉ , ZIMMER CRISTIANO MATHIAS , SCHWANTES DIOGO OSWALDO , MANTOVANI EDER EDUARDO , BOSETTI FÁTIMA , ROTUNDO JOSÉ , K. TRUONG SANDRA , BORRAS LUCAS , DE LA VEGA ABERLARDO , MESSINA CHARLIE , F. McCORMICK RYAN 
Published: April 2022

As the most produced grain crop in the world, maize (Zea mays) isa cornerstone of the global agricultural economy. Technological innovationsin molecular genetics, environmental characterization, and predictive breedinghave continued to drive genetic gain in maize, even for target populations ofenvironments with high heterogeneity of water availability. Environments proneto drought stress remain key targets where genetic gain must continue to maintain a resilient food supply. Here we review advances towards improving maize drought tolerance; the review focused on molecular and physiological mechanisms underpinning drought tolerance, and methodologies that improve prediction of the genotype by environment interactions under drought conditions.