bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dual-layer spectral CT fusion imaging for lung biopsies: more accurate targets, diagnostic samplings, and biomarker information?
Authors: Curti Marco , Fontana Federico , Piacentino Filippo , Ossola Christian , Coppola Andrea , Carcano Giulio , Venturini Massimo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe increasingly widespread use of computed tomography (CT) has increased the number of detected lung lesions, which are then subjected to needle biopsy to obtain histopathological diagnosis. Obtaining high-quality biopsy specimens is fundamental for diagnosis and biomolecular characterisation that guide therapy decision-making. In order to obtain samples with high diagnostic potential, fusion imaging techniques, such as fusion between positron emission tomography and CT, have been introduced to target the biopsy where there more viable neoplastic cells can be sampled. Nowadays, dual-layer spectral CT represents a novel technology enabling an increased tissue characterisation. In particular, Z-effective images, i.e., colour-coded images based on the effective atomic number of tissue components, provide a higher level of discrimination than usual imaged based on x-ray attenuation in Hounsfield units and offer the potential of a better tissue characterisation. Our hypothesis is based on the future use of data provided by spectral CT, in particular by Z-effective images, as a guide for appropriate biopsy sampling for histopathological and biomolecular characterisation in the era of patient tailored-therapy.
Effects of recultivation on soil organic carbon sequestration in abandoned coal mining sites: a meta-analysis
Authors: Baier Clara , Modersohn Antonia , Jalowy Friedrich , Glaser Bruno , Groß Arthur 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Opencast coal mining results in high loss of soil organic carbon (SOC), which may be restored via recultivation. Common methods include liming, topsoil application, and phytoremediation. It remains unclear, however, which parameters determine the effectiveness of varying recultivation strategies especially regarding SOC sequestration. We, therefore, analysed the relationship between SOC stock changes in abandoned coal mines and the recultivation method, soil properties (pH, texture, depth), climate, and time under recultivation in 51 studies (404 data entries). All included climatic regions recorded increases in SOC stocks, with tropical soils showing the highest potential for relative gains of up to 468%. With respect to soil texture, clay content is the main factor promoting SOC sequestration. Strategy-wise, the largest positive effect was achieved by forest with liming (1.5 Mg ha− 1 a− 1), fallow after topsoil and fertiliser addition (1.1 Mg ha− 1 a− 1), agriculture after topsoil addition (1.0 Mg ha− 1 a− 1), and forest with fertiliser (1.0 Mg ha− 1 a− 1) with a response ratio of 35%, 58%, 140%, and 48%, respectively. Soil depths < 10 cm, < 20 cm, and 21–40 cm stored more SOC (0.6 Mg ha− 1 a− 1, 1.0 Mg ha− 1 a− 1, and 0.4 Mg ha− 1 a− 1; response ratio of 123%, 68%, and 73%, respectively) than soils at a depth of 41–80 cm (0.1 Mg ha− 1 a− 1; response ratio of 6%). In terms of pH, strongly acidic soils (pH < 4.5) and alkaline conditions (pH > 7) offered the most beneficial environment for SOC sequestration at 0.4 Mg ha− 1 a− 1 and 0.8 Mg ha− 1 a− 1, respectively (44% and 67% response).
Protección de regiones-ciudades fronterizas ubicadas entre Estados con armas nucleares y Estados sin armas nucleares: nuevas normas en el derecho internacional
Authors: Torres Sandoval Joshua 
Published: August 2022

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar las regiones-ciudades fronterizas entre Estados con armas nucleares y Estados sin armas nucleares para una propuesta de norma de protección orientada a prevenir el riesgo de ataque nuclear. La investigación identificó Estados, cantidad de ciudades y de población de las regiones fronterizas y comparó la cantidad de población de las regiones fronterizas con la población cubierta por los tratados de zonas libres de armas nucleares y los tratados de regiones-áreas geográficas libres de armas nucleares. El estudio analizó las consecuencias humanitarias de una hipotética detonación nuclear en una región fronteriza entre Estados Unidos y México (caso Tijuana-San Diego) y sus implicaciones geopolíticas en la seguridad internacional. Las conclusiones exponen que las regiones fronterizas son vulnerables ante la ausencia de normas, y la propuesta es viable para la creación de una norma internacional de protección compatible con los tratados que buscan el desarme nuclear.
Implementasi Model Pembelajaran Kelompok untuk Mengembangkan Kemampuan Sosialisasi Anak di TK Islam Bakti 1 Tipes Surakarta
Authors: Qudnia Fikhuli Affifah  , Helen Sabera Adib  
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The implementation of the group learning model in Islamic Kindergarten Type Bakti 1 took place as expected and through the steps set by the local service, however, children's socialization skills were hampered due to the development of the times and increasingly advanced technology causing children to become underprivileged. less sociable. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method, carried out in TK Islam Bakti 1 Type Surakarta in May 2021. The objects of this research are Class B teachers, principal informants, children, and student guardians. Collecting data using the methods of observation, interviews, and documentation. The result of this research is the application of the group learning model in Islamic Kindergarten Bakti Type 1 to develop children's socialization skills with learning planning, namely compiling learning tools with deliberation followed by teachers and school principals. Then carry out learning with various methods, including conversing, telling stories, and demonstrations. The last stage is assessment and evaluation with the aim of providing an overview to parents regarding the child's development during learning, so that evaluation and action are carried out.

Keyword : (Group Learning Model, Social Skill, Early Chilhood).

Abstrak
Implementasi model pembelajaran kelompok di TK Islam Bakti 1 Tipes berlangsung sesuai harapan dan melalui langkah yang ditetapkan dinas setempat, namun kemampuan sosialisasi anak menjadi terhambat dikarenakan perkembangan zaman dan teknologi yang semakin maju menyebabkan anak kurang dalam bersosialiasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif, dilaksanakan di TK Islam Bakti 1 Tipes Surakarta bulan Mei 2021. Objek penelitian ini Guru Kelas B, informan Kepala Sekolah, Anak, dan Wali Murid. Menggunakan metode pengumpulan data observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini yaitu implementasi model pembelajaran kelompok di TK Islam Bakti 1 Tipes untuk mengembangkan kemampuan sosialisasi anak adalah dengan merencanakan pembelajaran yaitu menyusun perangkat pembelajaran dengan musyawarah di ikuti oleh guru dan kepala sekolah. Selanjutnya, melaksanakan pembelajaran dengan berbagai metode diantaranya yaitu bercakap - cakap, bercerita, dan demonstrasi. Tahap akhir dilakukan penilaian dan evaluasi dengan tujuan memberikan gambaran kepada wali murid mengenai perkembangan anak selama pembelajaran, agar dilakukan evaluasi dan tindakan.
Kata Kunci : model pembelajaran kelompok, kemampuan bersosialisasi, AUD
INDEPENDENT CREATIVE ACTIVITY OF APPLICANTS IN THE PROCESS OF STUDYING THE COURSE “ETHNOLOGY AND CHOREOGRAPHIC FOLKLORE OF UKRAINE”
Authors: Tereshko Inna 
Published: August 2022

The article reveals important aspects of independent creative activity of applicants-choreographers in the process of mastering knowledge and skills in the discipline “Ethnology and choreographic folklore of Ukraine”. In particular, the features of independent work as a means of forming the creative activity of future choreographers are considered; author’s theoretical and practical tasks for such work are given.Self-creative work is seen as the integration of different types of individual and collective activities on specific tasks, which is carried out during both classroom and extracurricular activities and is aimed at achieving didactic, professional, personal, and social goals.Problems, conditions, forms, types, and means for effective organization of creative independent work in higher education institutions are outlined. Pedagogical technologies and methods of independent work for choreographers, means of activation and individual educational and creative activity are analyzed. It is established that the organization of independent creative work in the process of studying the discipline “Ethnology and Choreographic Folklore of Ukraine” provides opportunities for personal involvement of choreographers in mastering professional activities and forms in them professionally significant qualities: responsibility, creativity, information culture, and self-education. Its productivity is ensured by a combination of various forms of educational activities in the organization of the educational process in the higher education institution.During the performance of our proposed tasks, future choreographers develop and activate their creative potential, form professional competence, and stimulate the need for self-education and selfimprovement.
Keywords: creativity; independence; independent creative work; applicants; choreographers; creativetasks; institution of higher education; educational process
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY OF A FUTURE TEACHER OF VOCATIONAL TRAINING
Authors: Hedzyk Andrii 
Published: August 2022

The current stage of development of vocational education is associated with the need to solve the problem of increasing the intellectual level of the cognitive and creative potential of students, finding ways to develop cognitive and creative abilities. The use of modern technical means of learning contributes to the modernization of the educational process, activates the mental activity of students, promotes the development of their creativity, allows distance learning, develops a system of continuing education.The need to use information technology in the training of teachers of vocational training determines the personalization and technologicalization of the learning process, which includes active independent work of students; integration of psychological and pedagogical disciplines and disciplines of the information cycle; extensive use of students’ own experience, etc. The article identifies a number of types of educational activities, the implementation of which becomes more efficient due to the implementation of information technology: management of real objects; automated control; self-control, etc. The use of information technology in the professional activities of future teachers of vocational training is one of the basic conditions for the formation of highly qualified specialists, which allows to differentiate and individualize work with students and develop their independence by taking into account the needs of educational needs.
Keywords: information technologies; vocational training; training of the vocational training teacher; Informatization of education.
TAC y Estrategias de Enseñanza para Favorecer la Permanencia y Terminalidad en Educación Superior
Authors: Mallo Adriana , Bertazzi Graciela 
Published: August 2022

Las universidades nacionales argentinas son gratuitas y de libre acceso, lo que produce masividad en el ingreso. Sin embargo, a pesar de la cantidad de estudiantes que ingresan, las altas tasas de deserción y el bajo índice de egreso son datos alarmantes (Secretaría de Políticas Universitarias del Ministerio de Educación de la Nación Argentina). En este contexto, las instituciones universitarias enfrentan el desafío de adecuar sus prácticas y metodologías para producir aprendizajes significativos y, así, favorecer la permanencia y terminalidad de los estudiantes. Para ello, la educación debería enfocarse en la formación de los estudiantes como seres autónomos, responsables y críticos (Delgadillo, Valderrama & Guachetá, 2006), con un rol activo en relación a su propio aprendizaje y comprometidos en el proceso; estudiantes capaces de analizar y resolver problemas de diferentes índoles, de asumir responsabilidades sociales, con competencias y aptitudes para la buena comunicación, el análisis creativo, el pensamiento independiente y la habilidad para el trabajo en equipo. Para formar un estudiante con estas competencias, existen modelos pedagógicos emergentes que, junto con las tecnologías del aprendizaje y el conocimiento (TAC), permitirían viabilizar las trasformaciones que la educación requiere en la actualidad, disminuir las tasas de deserción de los estudiantes y motivarlos a finalizar sus estudios. Se pueden mencionar, entre esos modelos, la Clase Invertida, el Aprendizaje Basado en Proyecto, la Gamificación, el Pensamiento de Diseño. En cuanto a las TAC se cuenta, hoy, con variadas y creativas herramientas que posibilitan la implementación de estos modelos. Asimismo, se necesita un cambio en el rol docente, quien debería poseer no sólo capacidad reflexiva y una actitud crítica, sino también utilizar las TAC y las estrategias de enseñanza adecuadas y convertirse en acompañante del proceso de aprendizaje del estudiante. El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar las estrategias pedagógicas más apropiadas para lograr este cometido. Es decir, qué replanteos deberían hacer los docentes para que las clases, en la universidad, estimulen a los estudiantes para que finalicen, en tiempo y forma, sus carreras y adquieran las destrezas y competencias necesarias para desempeñarse con éxito como profesionales.
Jump risk in the U.S. stock market: Evidence using political information
Authors: Lobo Bento J. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractWe examine the impact of U.S. elections and partisan politics on the stock market using jump–diffusion models of daily stock returns from 1965 to 1996. Our approach permits us to track jump risk in stock markets stemming from political incentives, and to separate the impact of routine trading and informational surprises, or jumps, on the mean and volatility of stock returns in election years and across partisan administrations. Our estimates reveal that the pattern of jumps and of routine trading varies with the political calendar. We find that midterm elections are a more important source of uncertainty compared to presidential elections. Jump risk increases by 10 and 20 percent for small and large‐cap stocks, respectively, in midterm election years. We also find that small stocks perform better under Democrats relative to Republicans. However, unexpected events are more frequent during Democratic administrations and these increase the jump risk, especially for large stocks, in these regimes.
Prevalence of muscle relaxant sensitivity in a general population: implications for a preoperative screening
Authors: PORRI F. , LEMIERE C. , BIRNBAUM J. , GUILLOUX L. , LANTEAUME A. , DIDELOT R. , CHARPIN D. , VERVLOET D. 
Published: July 2002

BackgroundMuscle relaxants (MR) are responsible for 59% of peroperative anaphylactic reactions. A major issue would be to determine whether a systematic preoperative screening in the general population should be recommended.ObjectiveThe purpose of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of muscle relaxant sensitivity in a sample of the general population and to assess the role of possible risk factors.MethodsTwo hundred and fifty‐eight subjects, aged 20–40 years, visiting a health care centre for a check‐up were evaluated. Protocol included a questionnaire (occupation, symptoms of atopy, previous surgery, history of drug allergy), skin‐prick tests to four commercial muscle relaxants and measurement of specific IgE against quaternary ammonium ions. Atopy was evaluated by skin‐prick tests to common inhalant allergens and by a Phadiatop test.ResultsOf the study group, 9.3% had either a positive skin test to one or more muscle relaxant or a presence of specific IgE to quaternary ammonium ions. No risk factor was identified in the studied group.ConclusionSince the rate of MR sensitivity is much higher than the anticipated rate of peroperative reactions due to allergy, a systematic preoperative screening for MR allergy should not be recommended for adults in a general population.
Impulse coupling to targets in vacuum by KrF, HF, and CO2 single-pulse lasers
Authors: Phipps C. R. , Turner T. P. , Harrison R. F. , York G. W. , Osborne W. Z. , Anderson G. K. , Corlis X. F. , Haynes L. C. , Steele H. S. , Spicochi K. C. , King T. R. 
Published: July 2002

We present a laser-target scaling model which permits approximate prediction of the dependence of ablation pressure, mechanical coupling coefficient, and related parameters in vacuum upon single-pulse laser intensity (I), wavelength (λ), and pulse width (τ) over extremely broad ranges. We show that existing data for vacuum mechanical coupling coefficient for metallic and endothermic nonmetallic, surface-absorbing planar targets follows this empirical trend to within a factor of 2 over 7 orders of magnitude in the product (Iλ(τ)1/2). The comparison we present is valid for intensity equal to or greater than the peak-coupling intensity Imax, where dense
plasma formation mediates laser-target coupling. Mechanical coupling coefficients studied ranged over two orders of magnitude. The data supporting this trend represent intensities from 3 MW/cm2 to 70 TW/cm2, pulse widths from 1.5 ms to 500 ps, wavelengths from 10.6 μm to 248 nm, and pulse energies from 100 mJ to 10 kJ. With few exceptions, data approximating one-dimensional or planar expansions were selected. Previously, meaningful scaling of ablation pressure parameters with I, λ, τ was not possible because existing data concentrated in a small range of these parameters. Our own data, obtained in the low- and midrange of (Iλ(τ)1/2), completes the experimental picture. Since this new data was derived from five separate experiments with specialized character and purpose, detailed accounts of this work will appear separately. In this paper, we summarize the experimental conditions and select
only those data which are relevant to the scaling issue. We find that laboratory-scale laser experiments can often give impulse coupling data which agree with results from much higher-energy experiments without much error, and at much lower cost. We review a theory of vacuum laser ablation, specialize it to a quantitative description of mechanical coupling, and show that the resulting model provides a simple physical description which comes quite close to the observed empirical trend. This is accomplished with minor elaborations of the theory as originally presented to account for the temperature dependence of plasma ionization states, while adhering to the premise that a simple and generally applicable treatment of laser impulse production should be available. The theoretical model can quantitatively predict vacuum ablation pressure for
opaque targets without adjustable parameters to the factor-of-2 accuracy in which we are interested. Other published scaling models omit one or more of the important variables, lack broad applicability, or deviate more noticeably from the observed trend.
On the spectrum of a stretched spiral vortex
Authors: Pullin D. I. , Buntine James D. , Saffman P. G. 
Published: July 2002

Corrections are found to the k−5/3 spectrum of Lundgren [Phys. Fluids 25, 2193 (1982)] for a stretched spiral vortex model (a is the stretching strain rate and k the scalar wave number) of turbulent fine scales. These take the form of additional terms arising from the early time evolution, when the stretching of vortex lines is small. For the special case when the spiral takes the form of a rolled-up shear layer, it is shown that the composite spectrum is divergent, thus requiring the introduction of a finite early cutoff time τ1 in the time integral for the nonaxisymmetric contribution. The identity νω2 = 2ν∫0∞k2E(k)dk which gives the dissipation is then satisfied self-consistently. Direct numerical calculation of the energy spectrum from the approximate vorticity field for a special choice of spiral structure nevertheless indicates that the one-term k−5/3-spectrum result is asymptotically valid in the inertial range provided aτ1 is O(1) but that the numerically calculated dissipation spectrum appears to lie somewhere between an exp(−B1k2) and an exp(−B2k) form. It is also shown that the stretched, rolled-up shear-layer model predicts asymptotic shell-summed spectra of the energy dissipation and of the square of the vorticity, each asymptotically constant, with no power-law dependence, for k smaller than the Kolmogorov wave number.
The corresponding one-dimensional spectra each show −log(k1) behavior for small k1. The extension of the model given by Pullin and Saffman [Phys. Fluids A 5, 126 (1993)] is reformulated by the introduction of a long-time cutoff in the vortex lifetime and an additional requirement that the vortex structures be approximately space filling. This gives a reduction in the number of model free-parameters but introduces a dependence of the calculated Kolmogorov constant and skewness on the ratio of the initial vortex radius to the equivalent Burgers-vortex radius. A scaling for this ratio in terms of the Taylor microscale Reynolds number is proposed in which the stretching strain is assumed to be provided by the large scales with spatial coherence limited to the maximum stretched length of the structures. Postdictions of the fourth-order flatness factor and of higher moments of the longitudinal velocity gradient statistics are compared with numerical simulation.
Correlates Of Social Development In Children With Communication Disorders: The Concurrent Predictive Value Of Verbal Short‐Term Memory Span
Authors: Donlan Chris , Masters Judy 
Published: July 2002

AbstractLinguistic and cognitive correlates of social skill were examined in a clinically selected sample of children with communication disorders. Thirty‐two children aged between 5 and 10 years were assessed using a questionnaire‐based sociability scale. Specially designed measures of verbal and visuo‐spatial short‐term memory span were administered, as well as standardized tests of grammatical and lexical comprehension. Multiple regression analyses revealed strong prediction of social skill from STM measures but not from comprehension scores. The prediction was based on a striking negative correlation between serial word span and sociability. This word‐span measure could offer a useful tool in the assessment of children with communication disorders. However, attention is drawn to the substantial number of children in the sample whose patterns of cognitive, linguistic and social skill are not clearly differentiated. It is suggested that assessment should aim to specify as clearly as possible individual patterns of strength and weakness and avoid unwarranted categorization.