bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biomechanical comparison of four triangular osteosynthesis fixations for unilateral vertical sacral fractures
Authors: Ma Yupeng , Zhao Yong , Hong Huanyu , Huang Tao , Li Yu 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
[Objective] To compare the stability and biomechanical characteristics of four commonly used triangular osteosynthesis techniques to treat unilateral vertical sacral fractures and provide a clinical application reference. [Methods] Finite element models of Tile C type pelvic ring injury (unilateral Denis Ⅱ sacral fracture) were produced. In four models, sacral fractures were fixed with a combination of unilateral L5, unilateral L4,and L5 iliac lumbar fixation with lengthened sacroiliac screws and normal sacroiliac screws, respectively. The biomechanical properties of the four fixation models were measured and compared under bipedal stance and lumbar rotation. [Results] The fixation stability of the model with the lengthened sacroiliac screw was excellent, and the fracture end was stable. The stability of fixation using unilateral L4 and L5 segments was close to that of unilateral L5 segment fixation. [Conclusions] Triangular osteosynthesis transverse stabilization device using lengthened sacroiliac screws can increase the vertical stability of the sacrum after internal fixation and increase the stability of the fracture. When triangular osteosynthesis lumbar fixation segments were selected, simultaneous fixation of L4 and L5 segments versus only L5 segments did not significantly enhance the vertical stability of the sacrum or the stability of the fracture end.
Research on Fatigue Driving Discrimination based on Face Recognition System
Authors: Xin Song , Wang Zeming , Song Mingda 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
For the current traffic system, fatigue driving is a major cause of accidents. In order to effectively detect drivers' fatigue driving behavior, combined with the current situation of current vehicle driving, a fatigue detection method for specific drivers was proposed. The fatigue driving detection system based on face recognition in this paper is mainly divided into face recognition and fatigue driving detection. In the face recognition process of the system, the driver's face photo and the corresponding fatigue state information need to be stored first. In the recognition process, the driver's identity is identified using the MTCNN network first, and then the threshold value of the driver's fatigue state is called for the use of subsequent fatigue detection. Facial feature points recognition using TCDCN network, the network is endowed with two tasks, one is the detection of facial feature points, the second is whether the current driver wear glasses, when training the network separate the samples of glasses and without glasses, training out of the two models at the same time, whether to wear glasses to use a different model respectively, Then, according to the characteristic points identified, the PERCLOS algorithm is used to calculate whether the person is driving fatigue.
The enhanced optical chirality induced by surface plasmons in achiral magnetoplasmonic nanostructures
Authors: Xi Wang , Zhu Mengjiao , Lei Chengxin , Fu Shenggui , Man Zhongsheng 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

We show theoretically that the enhanced optical chirality in the magnetoplasmonic achiral nanostructures including dual-metallic grating (DMG) structure and single-metallic grating (SMG) structure under linearly polarized light can be achieved. The simulated results, based on the extended finite difference time domain (EFDTD) method, show that the designed structures have enhanced optical chirality in the visible and near-infrared wavelengths. More importantly, although the magnetoplasmonic nanostructure with DMG structure possesses the easy fabrication process, its performance of optical chirality is superior to that of the SMG structure. The physical origin of the enhanced optical chirality is deeply researched in detail. We also show that the optical chirality can be adjusted by the external magnetic field, which denotes that the magnetoplasmonic nanostructures will be used to develop new chirooptical device.
Morphological Studies on the Axial Skeleton of the Sitatunga (Tragelaphus spekii)
Authors: Onwuama Kenechukwu Tobechukwu , Ibe Chikera Samuel , Jaji Alhaji Zubair , Salami Suleiman Olawoye , Kigir Esther Solomon 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background: Anatomical features of the skeleton of wild animals contribute largely to their adaptation. A dearth of information on the skeletal anatomy of the sitatunga (Tragelaphus Spekii) necessitated this study. Two adult sitatunga carcasses weighing 54kg and 57kg were obtained after post-mortem examination. Bone preparation was achieved through cold water maceration protocol. Result: The tympanic bulla was elongated and massive, resulting in the rudimentary appearance of the styloid and muscular processes of the temporal bone. The lacrimal bone had a somewhat triangular presentation with the lacrimal foramen on the caudal border of the facial surface while its dorsal border formed the lateral margin of the frontal sinus. There was no observable lacrimal fossa on this facial surface of the lacrimal bone. The facial tubercle was absent. The vertebral column formula was C7 T13 L6 S4 C10-14, the atlas dorsal median tubercle was smooth, devoid of ridges. The thoracic spinous processes were oriented dorso-caudally from T1 to T11; spinous process of T12 was vertical, while that of T13 was oriented dorso-cranially. The length of the transverse process of L1 and L6 were the same, and smaller than the length of those of L2-L5. There was incomplete fusion of sacral spinous processes. Three dorsal and ventral sacral foramina were identified laterally on each side of the vertebrae. The ribs were 26 in number (13 pairs). The average number of bones of the axial skeleton was 75. Conclusion: This study recorded anatomical features of axial skeletal bones of the Sitatunga (Tragelaphus spekii) thereby providing a baseline data for future biomedical, archaeological and comparative skeletal anatomical studies.
Allelic to Genome Wide Perspectives of Swine Genetic Variation to Litter Size and Its Component Traits
Authors: Vaishnav Sakshi , Chauhan Anuj , Ajay Argana , Saini Babu Lal , Kumar Subodh , Kumar Amit , Bhushan Bharat , Gaur Gyanendra Kumar 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Litter size is a complex and sex limited trait that depends on various biological, managemental and environmental factors. Owing to its low heritability it is inefficaciously selected by traditional methods. However, due to higher heritability of ovulation rate and embryo survival, selection based on component traits of litter size is advocated. QTL analysis and candidate gene approach are among the various supplementary/alternate strategies for selection of litter size. QTL analysis is aimed at identifying genomic regions affecting trait of interest significantly. Candidate gene approach necessitates identification of genes potentially affecting the trait. There are various genes that significantly affect litter size and its component traits viz. ESR, LEP, BF, IGFBP, RBP4, PRLR, CTNNAL1, WNT10B, TCF12, DAZ, and RNF4. These genes affect litter size in a complex interacting manner. Lately, genome wide association study (GWAS) have been utilized to unveil the genetic and biological background of litter traits, and elucidate the genes governing litter size. Favorable SNPs in these genes have been identified and offers a scope for inclusion in selection programs thereby increasing breeding efficiency and profit in pigs.
Systemic climate change adaptation: Comparative insights from seven case studies in the North Sea Region
Authors: Nugraha Erwin , Özerol Gül , Sayers Paul , Gersonius Berry , Schipper Cor A 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

There is a growing interest in systemic adaptation to climate change across all levels of governance. However, little knowledge exists on whether and how systemic adaptation or system approach works at local and sub-national levels. This paper aims to provide reflective and practical insights into this question based on empirical evidence from seven cases in the North Sea Region. We analyse and compare the experience of stakeholders and practitioners in experimenting and evaluating the novel “Cloud to Coast” framework to climate change adaptation. The framework combines a whole-system, inclusive and adaptive approach facilitated with a continuous dialogue in order to accomplish resilient societal outcomes. The stakeholders and practitioners have co-produced knowledge by scrutinising the relevance and applicability of the framework as well as opportunities for its adoption in future adaptation actions. Using a comparative case study research design, we reveal the similarities and differences across seven case studies from six European countries (Belgium, Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden and the United Kingdom) and examine the connections across the case studies in adopting systemic adaptation. The paper contributes to the governance of climate change adaptation, particularly in forging a new relationship with wider imaginary spatially and temporally, re-assessing planning practices, and challenging the future norms of adaptation.
A trispecific Ab directed to HIV-1 and T cells activates and eliminates latently-infected cells in HIV/SHIV infections
Authors: Promsote Wanwisa , Xu Ling , Hataye Jason , Fabozzi Giulia , March Kylie , Almasri Cassandra , Demouth Megan , Lovelace Sarah , Talana Chole Adrienna , Ambrozak David , Beninga Jochen , Rao Ercole , Furtmann Norbert , Birkenfeld Joerg , McCarthy Elizabeth , Todd John-Paul , Petrovas Constantinos , Connors Mark , Hebert Andrew , Beck Jeremy , Shen Junqing , Zhang Bailin , Levit Mikhail , Wei Ronnie , Yang Zhi-Yong , Pegu Amarendra , Mascola John , Nabel Gary , Koup Richard 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The main barrier to HIV virus eradication is the presence of long-lived HIV-1 that persists in latent reservoirs. Current efforts have focused on HIV cure interventions that “shock and kill” virally infected cells to purge the latent pool. Latency reversing agents (LRAs) induce viral activation leading to immune cell recognition and clearance of latently-infected cells. Though several clinical trials with LRAs have demonstrated that activation of viral gene expression is possible in vivo, limited or no clearance of the reactivated cells has been observed. The identification of molecules that can simultaneously activate latent HIV, increase immune activation and enhance the killing of latently-infected cells represents an alternative promising approach. Here, we developed and evaluated a trispecific antibody that targets three independent proteins: (1) the HIV envelope, (2) the T cell antigen CD3, and (3) the co-stimulatory molecule CD28. For targeting HIV Env, we used the broadly reactive CD4-binding site monoclonal antibody (mAb), N6. We found that an antibody with all three specificities (N6/αCD3-αCD28), significantly increased antigen-specific T-cell activation and cytokine release in both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Co-culturing CD4+ T cells with autologous CD8+ T cells isolated from ART suppressed HIV+ donors in the presence of N6/αCD3-αCD28, resulted in activation of latently-infected cells and enhancement of the cytolytic activity of CD8+ T cells to eliminate the cells expressing reactivated HIV. This trispecific antibody mediated CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell activation in non-human primates and was well tolerated in vivo, confirming its activity and safety in a relevant animal model. This HIV-directed antibody is therefore merits further development as a potential intervention for the eradication of latent HIV infection.
Blood Lead Levels in Children Residing in a 115-year old urban settlement in Harare, Zimbabwe: a cross sectional study
Authors: Chagonda Svitsai , Chitungo Itai James Blessing , Musarurwa Cuthbert , Nyamayaro Terence 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: Elemental lead (Pb) is an omnipresent heavy metal with no known in vivo function. Lead-based paints were the leading cause of environmental Pb contamination, until 1978 when an international ban on Pb-based paints was pronounced. A subsequent pan ban was imposed on Pb use in other products including, but not limited to children’s toys and petroleum fuels. Pb toxicity in children, irreversibly affects their growth and development. We assessed the prevalence of high blood Pb levels (BLL) in children living in a potential high risk area and also assessed Pb levels in environmental specimens.Methods: This cross sectional study measured blood lead levels in 86children living in Mbare, a densely populated suburb in Harare, Zimbabwe, characterised by dwellings progressively constructed from 1907 through to the 1940s, before the ban of leaded paint. Study participants of both genders were under 6years of age. Potential risk factors of Pb poisoning were assessed. Pb levels were also assessed in soil, water and paint chip specimens from the study area.Results: The mean (standard deviation) BLL was 4.35 (0.75) g/dL. Twelve (13.95%) participants had BLL of >5.0ug/dL. Our results showed no significant association between BLL and household income, participant behaviour/habits/activities, sources of drinking water, and the types of cookware used in their households.Conclusion: Mean BLL observed in the current study were higher compared to those of children of similar age groups in the United States, suggesting that Pb contamination may be more ubiquitous in the Mbare flats area, potentially predisposing these children to impaired development.
Elevated nitrogen deposition and co-evolutionary history shape competition between an invasive plant and its competitors during range expansion
Authors: Zhang Wen-Gang , Song Xing-Jiang , Petri Laís , Liu Gang , Chen Xiao-Yan , Liu Rui-Ling , Huang Fang-Fang , Zou Jia-Bin , Zhu Zhi-Hong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDuring the range expansion of invasive plants, competitors shared different co-evolutionary history with invasive plants, as well as population differentiation, would have different effects on the response of invaders to global change factors such as increased nitrogen deposition. To address these challenges, we conducted a greenhouse experiment to explore the synergistic effects between population differentiation during range expansion and competitors on the invasion ofGalinsoga quadriradiatain response to increased nitrogen deposition. Competitors (new or old that shared short or long co-evolutionary history with the invader, respectively) were set to compete with the invasive central and edge populations under different nitrogen addition treatments.Galinsoga quadriradiatafrom the central population (i.e., with longer residence time since invasion) showed significantly higher total mass, reproduction, interspecific competitiveness when compared to the individuals from the edge population. Nitrogen addition promoted growth and reproductive performance ofG. quadriradiatain single-culture, in the presence of competitors this effect was weakened. The old competitors acted more effectively than new competitors in inhibiting the invader performance. Our results indicate that population differentiation on growth and competitiveness occurred during the range expansion ofG. quadriradiata, with the central population displaying higher invasiveness. The co-evolutionary history between invasive species and its competitors has been suggested to be probably not in favor of invasive plants. Our results highlight the synergistic and non-additive role of population differentiation and shared co-evolution history between invasive species and its competitors in the range expansion of invaders in the context of global change factors.
A Standalone Prediction Model for Atomic Oxygen, Coronal Mass Ejections and Relevant Space Environment Parameters
Authors: Mahmoud Wael , Elfiky Dalia , Robaa Elsayd , Elnawawy Mohamed Saleh , Yousef Shahinaz Mostafa 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Satellite protection depends greatly on good prediction of the surrounding space environment components and hazards. The space environment of the Low Earth Orbits (LEOs) is highly affected by solar activity. This paper presents a standalone predictive model for Atomic Oxygen (AO), Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) and other space environment parameters. The prediction is based on the numerical method of Holt Winter's triple smooth exponential forecasting of atmospheric constituents (density ‘ρ’, temperature ‘T’, Argon ‘Ar’, Helium ‘He’, Nitrogen molecules ‘N2’ and atoms ‘N’, Oxygen molecules ‘O2’ and atomic Oxygen ‘AO’, solar irradiance, CME central Position Angle ‘PA’, linear speed, mass, angular width and Measurement of Position Angle ‘MPA’ as well as the output life time of the orbit. Some statistical analyses are performed for the verification of the model. The present study focuses on the prediction of AO, CME, density, temperature and Hydrogen atoms. This study recommends the continuous development and improvements of mathematical models for predicting solar activity and its impacts on the LEOs space environment.
Satellite based long- term spatio-temporal trends of wildfire in the Himalayan vegetation
Authors: Mamgain Shailja , Roy Arijit , Karnatak Harish Chandra , Chauhan Prakash 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Analysis of the spatio- temporal pattern of burned areas over time is necessary to understand how fire behavior in the Himalayan region has altered as a result of the complex climatic variables. The differenced Normalized Burnt Ratio Index is calculated utilizing the cloud-based platform Google Earth Engine to quantify the extent of burned regions. The spatial distribution of burnt areas in the Himalayan region over the last 21 years is examined and correlated with climatic and edaphic factors in the current study. The area affected by forest fire has shown a direct correlation with land surface temperature, but an inverse relationship with surface soil moisture, pre- fire precipitation, pre- fire NDVI and pre- fire EVI. The p-value for 9 of the 20 regions in which the research area is divided for the spatial analysis is less than 0.05, implying that the regression model is statistically significant. Trend analysis done using Mann- Kendall test and Theil-Sen estimator state the distinct trends of burnt area and other meteorological & edaphic parameters in the Western, Central and Eastern Himalaya. The assessment of burned areas aids forest managers in mitigating the impacts and managing the forest fires, as well as in the implementation of the restoration methods following a forest fire.
On Computation of Some Open and Closed Neighbourhood Degree Sum-Based Topological Indices for Metal-Insulator
Transition Super Lattice Network
Authors: Ravi Vignesh , G Hannah Grace , Desikan Kalyani 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The properties and activities of chemical compounds can be understood by computing topological descriptors of molecular compounds. We investigate the physical and topological aspects of crystal structure of metal-insulator transition superlattice (GST-SL) in this study. Recently, researchers have turned their attention to modifying this substance into a form that is useful for human life. Metal-insulator transition superlattices (GST-SL) are also useful as two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) in the form of thin films. For this Superlattice Network SLη, we calculate open and closed neighbourhood degree sum based on topological indices.
Evaluation and Comparison of the Effects of mature Silkworm (Bombyx Mori) and Silkworm Pupae Extracts on Schwann Cell Proliferation and Axon Growth: An in vitro study
Authors: Khosropanah Mohammad Hossein , Zolbin Masoumeh Majidi , Kajbafzadeh Abdol-Mohammad , Amani Leili , Harririan Ismaeil , Azimzadeh Ashkan , Nejatian Touraj , Vaghasloo Mahdi Alizadeh , Hassannejad Zahra 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Mature silkworms (Bombyx mori) and their pupae contain a variety of growth factors and proteins such as bombyrin that can be used in many repair processes. Due to its appropriate repair qualities, the silkworm has been explored for use in nerve regeneration. First silkworm (Bombyx Mori) and silkworm Pupae Extracts were prepared. Then the concentration and type of amino acids and proteins in the extracts were evaluated by Bradford assay, SDS-page, and LC-MS/MS. Also, the regenerative potential of extracts for improving Schwann cell proliferation and axon growth was examined by MTT, SEM, and NF200 immunostaining. According to the results of the Bradford test, the total protein content of pupae extract was almost twice that of mature worm extract. Also, SDS-PAGE analysis revealed numerous proteins and growth factors such as bombyrin and laminin in extracts that are involved in the repair of the nervous system. Based on LC-MS/MS results, the number of amino acids in pupae extract was higher than in mature silkworm extract. It was found that the proliferation of Schwann cells at a concentration of 0.25 in both extracts was higher than the concentrations of 0.01 and 0.05. When using both extracts on DRGs, an increase in length and number was observed in axons.The findings of this study demonstrated that extracts obtained from adult silkworms, especially pupae, can play an effective role in Schwann cell proliferation and axonal growth, which can be strong evidence for nerve regeneration and consequently repairing peripheral nerve damage.
Prognostic significance of Systolic Blood Pressure Time in Target Range in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Cheng Yi , Wang Dan , Yang Yuling , Miao Ya , Tian Jingyan , Sheng Chang-Sheng 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: Time in target range (TTR) of systolic blood pressure was a novel measure to assess the effect of blood pressure control, but its prognostic value in diabetes mellitus remains uncertain.Methods: A total of 2882 participants from the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) blood pressure (BP) trial were included into the present study, with average age of 63.0±6.8 years old. The target range was defined as 120 to 140 mm Hg and 110 to 130 mm Hg for standard and intensive therapy, respectively. Cox proportional hazard regressions were conducted to investigate the effect of systolic blood pressure TTR on the first occurrence of outcomes.Results: After adjusting for covariates, 1-SD increase of TTR was significantly associated with decreased risk of primary outcome (HR 0.83, 95% CI: 0.74-0.94, P=0.0026), as well as all-cause mortality (HR 0.83, 95% CI: 0.72-0.97, P=0.018), cardiovascular death (HR 0.70, 95% CI: 0.54-0.89, P=0.0045) and nonfatal myocardial infarction (HR 0.85, 95% CI: 0.73-0.99, P=0.034). TTR sustained significance of primary outcome (P≤0.012), and all-cause (P≤0.017) and cardiovascular mortality (P≤0.022) even after additional adjustment for mean systolic blood pressure or systolic blood pressure variability. Similar results were got when TTR was treated as categorical variable.Conclusions: In patients with T2DM, TTR of systolic blood pressure was significantly associated with decreased risk of major outcomes, while controlling for blood pressure mean and variability during the same exposure time. Long-term monitoring and control of blood pressure in the target range was important for improving outcomes.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT00000620.