bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ocular morbidity pattern in Kashmir – A hospital-based study
Authors: Dubey Gaurav , Saeed Ali , Razvi Jasarath , Kumari Vibha , Ali Jamshed , Bano Subiqa , Chhugan Manju , Kamat Om Shankar , Sharma Komal , Paul Rikta 
Published: June 2022

In recent years, some epidemiological surveys of common eye diseases and prevalence and risk factors for blindness and low vision have been carried out in various parts of India. Still, very little information is available on the prevalence of ocular diseases in Jammu Kashmir, particularly those who live in the remote areas of Kashmir.A total of 234 patients attended the eye OPD, which constituted the study's sample size. The patient was screened, keeping COVID-19 guidelines in mind. Sanitization and social distancing were maintained. Visual acuity was evaluated using Snellen's chart for the literates and illiterate E chart for the illiterates from 6m. Both Objective and subjective refraction was performed on a patient to determine refractive error. Anterior segment was examined with torchlight and magnifying loupe & slit lamp if and where necessary. The fundus was examined on a slit lamp using the +90D or with Direct Ophthalmoscope. Refractive error was quantified in terms of spherical equivalent. The visual acuity of a patient was converted into LOG MAR for statistical calculation.A total of n=234 patients were examined for evaluation of ocular morbidity, of which 97(41.45%) were male %, and 137(58.55%) were female with a male to female ratio of 7: 10. The mean age of the patients was 36.96 ± 23.93 years.56.8% were diagnosed with refractive error and 30.8% with cataracts. There was a statistically significant relationship between increasing age and cataracts.As Refractive error and cataracts were the emerging ocular morbidity, the population is living in the remote areas of Kashmir, especially children, should get quality eye care.
Low vision in school aged children- associated factors and effect of low vision aids on functional status
Authors: Haleema A  , Sheeba  C S  , Jasmin L B  , Lessitha N K  
Published: June 2022

Low vision is defined as significant reduction of vision that cannot be corrected to normal by standard optical correction, medical treatment or surgery. Global prevalence of low vision in paediatric age group is over 10 times that of paediatric blindness. Low vision aids (LVAs) are optical devices which enhance residual vision by magnifying image of object at the retinal level. Early intervention with LVAs can strengthen the vision of children with low vision, by reducing visual stimulus deprivation at an early age, and hence it improves their quality of life. Aim of this study was to identify factors associated with low vision and to assess functional status of children after using LVAs. This is a descriptive study conducted among 56 children, between 5 to 15 years age group, attended who visited in a tertiary centre with low vision during a period of 11 years. After taking history, general, systemic and ocular examination, LVAs were prescribed for near and distant vision and were assessed after 2 months. Data analysis was done by using Graphpad quickcalcs internet software. Out of 56 children included in this study, 71% accepted and 29% denied LVAs for distant vision. 58.5% accepted and 12.5% denied LVAs for near vision. 28.5% did not require LVAs for vision. In older children acceptance of LVAs is found to be significantly higher compared to younger age group. Majority of patients are satisfied with LVAs and frequently use them. Adequate LVAs are major factors in improving quality of life. There can be deterioration of vision due to ongoing disease, so regular follow-up examinations are also necessary part of management of low vision patient.
Awareness and attitude towards eye donation among rural population
Authors: Prasad Rao Vaishnavi 
Published: June 2022

Voluntary eye donation especially among rural areas is less and is associated with lot of myths and gaps in the knowledge.Aim of the study was to assess the awareness and attitude towards eye donation among rural population. : Cross-sectional observational study conducted from November 2019 to February 2020, in OPD and eye camps. After written informed consent, self-designed questionnaire in the regional language with dichotomous closed ended questions was given.: Of 400 people, 47(11.75%) knew only front of the eye can be donated.301 (75.25%) were aware that eye can be donated only after death. 253 (63.25%) mentioned that there is no age limit for eye donation. 298 (74.5%) knew diabetics could donate eyes. Majority of them had no idea about eye donation in infectious diseases such as HIV, HbsAg and were unaware as to who can give consent (111-27.75%), and place of retrieval of the eye 93(23.25%). 92(23%) answered eye should be donated within 6 hours after death. 29 (7.25%) answered that donated eyes can be used in the treatment of corneal disease. 164 (41%) were willing to donate eyes out of which nobility was the major reason for 104 (64%). 236 (59%) were not willing for donation due to fear of disfigurement.: In our results we observed that awareness for eye donation is less among people of community and majority of them were unwilling to donate eyes. Hence, extensive awareness programs can change the attitude towards eye donation and motivate people to donate eyes. Community awareness is the major chain link for the success of eye donation for corneal transplantation.
Binge watching and its effects on ocular health among young adults
Authors: Moudgil Tania , Sindhwani Adheesh , Kaur Barinder , Arora Amandeep 
Published: June 2022

To assess the effects of binge watching on ocular health. A short term (2 months) descriptive study was conducted on young adults aged 18 years - 26 years of a medical college of North India. Sample size was 492 participants. A pre-validated questionnaire was administered online to the participants collecting data on demographics, attitudes and practices of binge watching and ocular symptoms they experienced. Then they were subjected to ocular examination. Schirmer test 1 and tear break up time were conducted to diagnose dry eye. Data was compared between the two subsets of binge-watching and non-binge-watching, the association between binge-watching and observations were established by chi-square test. A total of 492 young adults participated in the study. Prevalence of binge-watching among the participants was 54.87%. A significant association was found between the use of streaming services and binge-watching (p-value = 0.002128). A significant association was found between binge-watching and discomfort in eyes (p-value = 0.008882), trouble sleeping (p-value = 0.003455), blurring of vision (p-value = 0.042263) and pain in neck and shoulder (p-value = 0.000042). The binge-watching subset was associated with dry eyes as found by Tear Breakup Time Test (TBUT) (OU p-value= &#60;&#60;0.01). The practice of binge-watching has a negative effect on ocular health.
Ocular rhinosporidiosis- A case report
Authors: Shilpy Neha , Mukherji Payal 
Published: June 2022

We report the clinical manifestations of ocular rhinosporidiosis and its management.A 25 years old male belonging from rural background, presented to Ophthalmology OPD after being referred from ENT OPD with a painless, reddish-pink, fleshy mass on white portion of the right eye. He had a similar looking mass inside his right nostril. He gave history of some unknown particle entering his right eye and nostril while watering the paddy fields and lesion developed in those places after 4-5 days.On examination, he had a fleshy, red-coloured mass attached to the bulbar conjunctiva of his right eye, supero-nasal to cornea, about 2.5 mms from the limbus. It had an elevated surface with vessels growing over it which did not bleed on touch. There were small whitish round to oval spots on the surface of the lesion.The patient was started with tablet Dapsone (100mg BD) for 3months and he underwent excision of conjunctival lesion under local anaesthesia along with cauterization at its base. The excised mass was sent for histopathological examination. Additionally, he was given topical Moxifloxacin (0.5% w/v) eye drops for 2weeks and systemic antibiotics (Amoxy-Clav 625mg BD for 5days) as post surgical prophylaxis. ENT surgeons excised the mass present on the nasal mucosa.The patient was diagnosed clinically to have conjunctival rhinosporidiosis. This was confirmed by histopathological examination. The patient was followed up for18 months and was asymptomatic with no recurrence of the lesions in the eye or nose.
Traumatic optic neuropathy with concealed CRAO following blunt trauma in a young male patient: A rare case report
Authors: Waris Abdul , Saif Mohd , Khan Nida 
Published: June 2022

Traumatic Optic Neuropathy (TON) is a condition which results from vulnerable nature of the optic nerve to direct and indirect trauma leading to functional impairment of vision. Several varieties of direct optic nerve injury may be identified: optic nerve avulsion, transection, optic nerve sheath haemorrhage, orbital haemorrhage, and orbital emphysema. Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) is the sudden blockage of the central retinal artery, resulting in retinal hypoperfusion, leading to rapidly progressive cellular damage, and vision loss. An embolism is the most common cause of CRAO. The degree of collateralization and the duration of retinal ischemia determines the retinal survival. There are only few reported cases of central retinal artery occlusion caused by blunt traumaWe report a case of traumatic optic neuropathy presenting along with central retinal artery occlusion following a high speed blunt trauma to eye in an otherwise healthy young male.
Complimentary feeding practices in rural areas of Telangana
Authors: K Mahishma , Kumar K Anil 
Published: June 2022

Infant feeding practices are critical determinants of survival, growth and development during infancy. Breast feeding is required for child survival, birth spacing and prevention of childhood infections.Complementary feeding is essential from six months of age while continuing breast feeding to meet the needs of the growing baby.To study the existing practices of complementary feeding and assess the knowledge and practice gap. Study design: Hospital based, cross-sectional, descriptive study. Setting: In a tertiary care teaching hospital of rural Telangana. Total 140 mothers with children in the age group of 6-23 months of age. Participants were randomly selected after informed consent. Data regarding currently following complementary feeding practices was collected in the predesigned, semi-structured questionnaire and analyzed. Only 56.4% of mothers in the current study initiated feeds at recommended time. Demand feeding was practiced by only 53%. A detailed analysis on the practice of clean feeding methods showed only 37.1% followed cleaning of hands before feeding. Only 28.6% have gained knowledge on infant feeding practices from a qualified person. A majoirty of them followed cultural practices (23.6%) and advices from friends and relatives (40%). Thus, Information, Health education and Communication activities are required to improve breast feeding and weaning practices especially among the low-socio-economic and rural groups. A detailed analysis on the practice of clean feeding methods showed only 37.1% followed cleaning of hands before feeding. Since good complimentary feeding practices helps in the overall growth and development of child, there should be renewed focus on public health education regarding this in the form of advisory to new parents while discharge from the hospital, regular advisories from community health care workers in the rural areas to the parents.
Seroprevalence of rubella antibodies among adolescent girls of Mysore district, Karnataka, India
Authors: Kumar M Santhosh , C Anitha , Prudhvi Srineha 
Published: June 2022

Rubella disease, or German measles, is a viral infection caused by the rubella virus. Human is the only known host. Therefore, the rubella virus is a candidate for global eradication because humans are the only known host. In addition, the vaccine against rubella is safe and is highly effective (≥95%) following a single dose. The current study was conducted to estimate the seroprevalence of rubella in healthy adolescent school girls. The adolescent girls were screened for preventing rubella during pregnancy. A cross-sectional study was conducted between October 2016 and March 2018 for 1.8 years among the Healthy adolescent girls aged 13-16yrs Mysore District. Estimation of serum IgG levels was done by Enzyme immunoassay. There are reports of seronegativity. Therefore, we counselled them, and they were motivated to undergo active immunization. In addition, we elicited a history of MMR or rubella vaccine. A total of 160 people were studied. Among them152 (95%) participants had a positive outcome for the IgG antibodies. However, only 8(5%) of the participants were tested seronegative for IgG antibodies.The universal immunization programme encourages the public to take vaccines, but only the serosurveillance studies can help to know the vaccine immunization coverage. This study reflected the epidemiology of rubella seropositivity in the Mysore district between October 2016 and March 2018.
Study of prevalence of anaemia and haematological parameters in children below 12 years
Authors: Shah Nilesh T , Varshney Shivendra , Patel Umang 
Published: June 2022

Anaemia is a major global health problem; it results in significant morbidity and mortality among children 85 children below 12 years having anaemia were studied. Complete blood count was done to determine PCV, MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW, Hb %, along with Peripheral smear (PS) study, Reticulocyte count and Serum iron (Fe), Serum B and Folic acid levels were done Types of anaemia were 50(58.8%) Iron deficiency anaemia, 12(14.1%) Thalassemia, 8 (9.41%) Megaloblastic anaemia, 7(8.23%) Anaemia of acute haemorrhage, 5 (5.88%) Sickle cell anaemia, 2(2.35%) Aplastic anaemia, 1(1.17%) Leukemia. The clinical manifestations were 85 (100%) pallor, 71(83.5%) weakness and fatigability, 32(37.6%) fever, 23(27.05%) 17(20%) shortness of breath, 15(17.6%) hepatomegaly, 12(14.1%) cough, 11(12.9%) history of pica, 11 (12.9%) spleenomegaly, 9(10.5%) petechiae, 8(9.4%) Nausea/vomiting, 8(9.4%) koilonychia, 4(4.7%) hyper pigmentation, 5(5.8%) tremors. Out of the total number of patients screened 18(21.1%) had mild, 39(45.8%) moderate and 28(32.9%) had severe anaemia. The present study of anaemia had Iron deficiency as the major cause followed by Thalassemia, Megaloblastic anaemia, acute Haemorrhage, Sickle cell anaemia and Aplastic anaemia. This study will be helpful to paediatricians to treat such patients efficiently to avoid morbidity and mortality.
Dietary assessment complements anthropometry in identifying childhood undernutrition: A cross sectional hospital based in children (1-18 years)
Authors: Agarwal Veenu , Yadav Viratveer 
Published: June 2022

Parents worried about health of their ward are quite common in a pediatrician clinic. The usual approach is anthropometric assessment only. Present research was an attempt to verify recent recommended concurrent use of dietary assessment along with physical measurements for identifying undernutrition. It was a hospital based, cross sectional study, enrolled were 1 to18 years old children who attended pediatrics OPD with only complaint being not growing well or not eating well. Detailed anthropometry was done, and children were grouped as normal or underweight, wasted or stunted using available standards. Three-day diet recall data was used along with food frequency questionnaire to assess dietary intakes for all.Children were placed into four groups-Both anthropometric and dietary failure (BF), Anthropometric failure only (AFO), Dietary failure only (DFO), Neither failure (NF). The present research included 176 children, of which 102(57.9%) were boys. Dietary failure only (DFO) was found in 64(36.3%) children. Anthropometric failure combined with dietary failure, (BF) found was underweight in 79(44.8 %) and overweight in 9(4.5%) children. Stunting was found in 26(14.8%) children. Proportion of children with anthropometric failure only (AFO) & neither failure (NF) were 13(7.3%) and 11(6.2%) respectively. Dietary failure was found in more than four fifth (86.3%) children, of which manifest anthropometric failure was present in approximately 44.8% children. Anemia & rickets were found in 88(50%) & 8(4.5%) children. Both diet and anthropometry are important determinants of nutritional status of an individual but both should be used concurrently to avoid overlooking hidden undernutrition. Most of the times parental concern of their ward not well turns out to be correct.
Iron status in children with attention - Deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Pillai Preethi S , Damodaran Deepthi , Rozario Cyril Ignatius 
Published: June 2022

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is one of the most common neurobehavioral disorders of childhood. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the status of iron stores in children with ADHD and to investigate a possible correlation between serum ferritin levels and severity of ADHD.60 children aged 3-12 years of age who were diagnosed to have ADHD as per the ICD 10 research Criteria for Hyperkinetic Disorder, were included in this study. After obtaining written informed consent from the child’s guardian, severity score of ADHD was determined using Conner’s Parent Rating Scale(CPRS), and blood investigations including Hb, PCV, blood indices, RDW, and serum ferritin were sent and results were statistically analysed Serum ferritin levels were between 15-30 ng/ml in 16 children (26.7%) and more than 30 in 44 children (73.3%). The CPRS severity scores were found to be higher among children belonging to the combined (72.7%) and hyperactive (59.4%) categories than among those belonging to the inattentive category (23.5%). The haemoglobin level was found to be low as per the WHO standards in only 3 out of the 60 children studied. All 3 children with Hb&#60;11.5 belonged to the inattentive category. No significant correlation was found between serum ferritin levels and CPRS rating scores.The iron status in children with ADHD in our study was not suggestive of iron deficiency. Iron deficiency probably occurs in a subset of children with ADHD and illy found. The study also did not find any significant correlation between serum ferritin levels and the severity scores of ADHD on CPRS.
Assessment of nutritional status of school going adolescents in rural and urban area of north karnataka: A comparative study
Authors: Patil Manjula S , Sinha Sweta , Halki Sunanda , Sharma Shubham Mohan 
Published: June 2022

Adolescence is an important stage of growth and development in the lifespan. Unmet nutritional needs lead to several public health problems such as stunted and retarded growth, impaired mental development, anaemia.Assessment and comparison of nutritional status of school going adolescents of rural and urban area and the factors affecting the nutritional status of adolescents.An observational study was conducted among the school going adolescents (10-19 years) studying in government schools in rural and urban area. A pre-designed semi-structured questionnaire was used for socio-demographic profile. Detailed clinical examination including head to toe examination, anthropometry and systemic examination was done to assess the nutritional status.Data was entered in MS Excel and analysed using SPSS and MS Excel. The statistical significance was evaluated at 95% confidence level (p&#60;0.05). Result will be represented in tables.Eyes appeared paler in 27.22% of rural adolescents compared to 19.44% of urban. Overall prevalence of malnutrition among adolescents was 284 (78.89%) i.e.,75.56% in rural and 82.22% in urban area, in which prevalence ofunder-weight was 269 (74.72%) more in urban 137 (76.11%) compared to rural area 132 (73.33%).Prevalence of malnutrition (underweight, overweight and obesity) was more in urban area (76.11%) compared to rural area (73.33%) based on IAP-BMIcriteria.
Our African Studies Were Born Twice. Notes for Discussion
Authors: Davidson Apollon 
Published: June 2022

The article looks at the first period of Soviet African studies, when they were located within the framework of the Communist International. It is noted that the goal of the Comintern institutions and organizations associated with African countries was primarily to spread among them the idea of the coming world proletarian revolution — and that Africans should become its participants. This goal was the main one in the education system that was offered to Africans invited to study at the Moscow KUTVE — the Communist University of the Working People of the East or at the Comintern International Lenin School. Therefore, in the Comintern scientific and educational organizations, much attention was drawn to the changes in the social structures of African societies, especially to the growth of the proletariat and to the emergence of political and trade union associations.
Twórczość streetartowa Timofeya Radyi jako komunikowanie wartości i wyraz protestu
Authors: Mojżyn Norbert 
Published: June 2022

Tekst dotyczy ważnego obszaru komunikacji i kultury w Rosji, jakim jest street art. Wobec systemowego ograniczania wolności słowa w tym kraju w ostatnich latach sztuka ulicy stanowi ważny ekwiwalent wypowiedzi na tematy społeczne, polityczne, a także jako sposób wyrażenia protestu. Te aspekty obecne są w twórczości artysty młodego pokolenia Timofeya Radyi z Jekaterynburga, okrzykniętego „rosyjskim Banksym”. Jego prace cenione są w kraju i za granicą. W niniejszym tekście analizie typologicznej i ikonologicznej poddane zostały jego najważniejsze prace pod kątem komunikowania wartości społecznych, politycznych, filozoficznych i estetycznych. Artykuł jest całkowicie nowatorski – nie posiada analogów zarówno w literaturze rosyjskiej, jak i światowej. Aktualność poruszanych treści ma związek z eskalacją napięć w Rosji i poza jej granicą (wojna z Ukrainą).
Inkongruencja aksjologiczna. Wybrana problematyka pedagogiczna
Authors: Siewiora Jacek 
Published: June 2022

Jednym z podstawowych problemów współczesnej pedagogiki jest konieczność zmierzenia się z chaosem, jaki zapanował w obszarze aksjologii. Konieczny jest zatem namysł nad jego filozoficznymi źródłami, ale przede wszystkim nad sposobami zaradzenia skutkom, jakie wywołał. Niezbędny wydaje się powrót do postrzegania dobra i zła jako kategorii pedagogicznych oraz kształtowania umiejętności wartościowania.
Students’ Strategies in Translating English Idioms into Bahasa Indonesia of English Language Education
Authors: Ariyani Nadilla , Listia Rina , Arapah Elvina 
Published: June 2022

Some people find it hard to find the equivalent meaning of English idioms to the target language. This might be caused by their culture and different terms. This study aims to describe the strategies that students use in translating the English idioms into Bahasa Indonesia. The researchers used descriptive qualitative research, and the subjects of this research were 50 students batch 2017 of English Department Universitas Lambung Mangkurat in translation class. The instruments to collect the data were a test and a questionnaire. The data analysis applied was descriptive analysis which involves organize it, divide it into manageable units, and summarize it. The findings showed that the students used four strategies. First, they used idioms of similar meaning and form strategies. Second, students translated using the idioms of similar meaning, but dissimilar form strategies. Students who don’t know the same idioms from the SL used the third strategy, translation by paraphrase to see the entire context and paraphrase to find the meaning, change the idiom to non-idiom is easier to understand the meaning. The last strategy is translation by omission, if paraphrasing idioms is difficult then students will be omitted the entire idioms or sentences.