bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of RNA modifications in carcinogenesis and carcinogen damage response
Authors: Verghese Michelle , Wilkinson Emma , He Yu‐Ying 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe field of epitranscriptomics encompasses the study of post‐transcriptional RNA modifications and their regulatory enzymes. Among the numerous RNA modifications, N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) has been identified as the most common internal modification of messenger RNA (mRNA). Although m6A modifications were first discovered in the 1970s, advances in technology have revived interest in this field, driving an abundance of research into the role of RNA modifications in various biological processes, including cancer. As analogs to epigenetic modifications, RNA modifications also play an important role in carcinogenesis by regulating gene expression post‐transcriptionally. A growing body of evidence suggests that carcinogens can modulate RNA modifications to alter the expression of oncogenes or tumor suppressors during cellular transformation. Additionally, the expression and activity of the enzymes that regulate RNA modifications can be dysregulated and contribute to carcinogenesis, making these enzymes promising targets of drug discovery. Here we summarize the roles of RNA modifications during carcinogenesis induced by exposure to various environmental carcinogens, with a main focus on the roles of the most widely studied m6A mRNA methylation.
Purinergic receptors modulators: An emerging pharmacological tool for disease management
Authors: Mahmood Abid , Iqbal Jamshed 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPurinergic signaling is mediated through extracellular nucleotides (adenosine 5′‐triphosphate, uridine‐5'‐triphosphate, adenosine diphosphate, uridine‐5'‐diphosphate, and adenosine) that serve as signaling molecules. In the early 1990s, purines and pyrimidine receptors were cloned and characterized drawing the attention of scientists toward this aspect of cellular signaling. This signaling pathway is comprised of four subtypes of adenosine receptors (P1), eight subtypes of G‐coupled protein receptors (P2YRs), and seven subtypes of ligand‐gated ionotropic receptors (P2XRs). In current studies, the pathophysiology and therapeutic potentials of these receptors have been focused on. Various ligands, modulating the functions of purinergic receptors, are in current clinical practices for the treatment of various neurodegenerative disorders and cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, several purinergic receptors ligands are in advanced phases of clinical trials as a remedy for depression, epilepsy, autism, osteoporosis, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, diabetes, irritable bowel syndrome, and cancers. In the present study, agonists and antagonists of purinergic receptors have been summarized that may serve as pharmacological tools for drug design and development.
Bio‐based epoxy‐anhydride thermosets from multi‐armed cardanol‐derived epoxy oligomers
Authors: Liu Xia , Fan Weifeng , Yang Xiaoniu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThree bio‐based multi‐armed epoxy oligomers were synthesized via a ring‐opening reaction of cardanyl glycidyl ether with lignin‐derived polyphenols, followed by the epoxidation of the double bonds in the side chains of the cardanol segments. These oligomers were then used to prepare epoxy‐anhydride thermosets with 4‐methyl hexahydrophthalic anhydride (MHHPA) and 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene as the hardener and catalyst, respectively. The combination of differential scanning calorimetry and gel content results showed that the extent of cure was >90% when the formulations were heated at 110°C for 48 h. The cardanol‐derived thermosets exhibited markedly higher alpha transition temperatures (Tα), tensile strength, and modulus relative to thermosets based on epoxidized soybean oil. The improved thermal and mechanical properties of these thermosets were attributed to the increased chain rigidity imparted by the aromatic moieties in the cardanol and creosol residues, as well as the hydrogen bonding interactions between the hydroxyl groups. Furthermore, the Tα values of these thermosets increased with the anhydride equivalents and the functionality of the epoxides, which led to higher crosslinking densities and more rigid MHHPA contents.
A numerical study on the predicted fiber orientation of large area extrusion deposition additive manufactured composites
Authors: Wang Zhaogui 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe recent‐emerging Large Area extrusion deposition Additive Manufacturing (LAAM) provides a low‐cost and high‐efficient alternative manufacturing approach for industries like automotive and aerospace. Fiber orientation information significantly determines the material performances of LAAM‐produced short fiber reinforced composites. Numerical studies have been performed to better understand the microstructural formation of the fiber orientation in deposited beads. The fully coupled flow/orientation analysis approach has been applied for LAAM deposition flow modeling. In contrast, the orientation analysis is still limited to the classic Folgar‐Tucker Isotropic Rotary Diffusion (IRD) model. This paper employs the advanced principle Anisotropic Rotary Diffusion Reduced Strain Closure (pARD‐RSC) orientation evaluation model to estimate the fiber alignment of the LAAM flows, which is firstly used in the simulations of extrusion deposition flows with free surface boundaries. The effects of constant parameters of the pARD‐RSC model are investigated. It is found that predicted fiber orientation results in the flow end are primarily sensitive to the value of the strain slip factor. The initial fiber orientation condition of the flow inlet is also studied. By comparing the computed results with experimentally reported data, it is found that the initial fiber orientation state of the flow inlet significantly impacts the fiber alignment patterns in the deposited beads.
Considerations for observational study design: Comparing the evidence of opioid use between electronic health records and insurance claims
Authors: Young Jessica C. , Dasgupta Nabarun , Stürmer Til , Pate Virginia , Jonsson Funk Michele 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPurposePharmacoepidemiology studies often use insurance claims and/or electronic health records (EHR) to capture information about medication exposure. The choice between these data sources has important implications.MethodsWe linked EHR from a large academic health system (2015–2017) to Medicare insurance claims for patients undergoing surgery. Drug utilization was characterized based on medication order dates in the EHR, and prescription fill dates in Medicare claims. We compared opioid use documented in EHR orders to prescription claims in four time periods: 1) Baseline (182 days before surgery); 2) Perioperative period; 3) Discharge date; 4) Follow‐up (90 days after surgery).ResultsWe identified 11 128 patients undergoing surgery. During baseline, 34.4% (EHR) versus 44.1% (claims) had evidence of opioid use, and 56.9% of all baseline use was reflected only in one data source. During the perioperative period, 78.8% (EHR) versus 47.6% (claims) had evidence of use. On the day of discharge, 59.6% (EHR) versus 45.5% (claims) had evidence of use, and 51.8% of all discharge use was reflected only in one data source. During follow‐up, 4.3% (EHR) versus 10.4% (claims) were identified with prolonged opioid use following surgery with 81.4% of all prolonged use reflected only in one data source.ConclusionsWhen characterizing opioid exposure, we found substantial discrepancies between EHR medication orders and prescription claims data. In all time periods assessed, most patients' use was reflected only in the EHR, or only in the claims, not both. The potential for misclassification of drug utilization must be evaluated carefully, and choice of data source may have large impacts on key study design elements.
The poly(A) polymerase PAPS1 mediates pollen maturation by regulating sperm cell differentiation in plants
Authors: Ali Iftikhar , Sher Hassan , Ullah Zahid , Ali Ahmad , Iqbal Javed , Yang Wei‐Cai 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn flowering plants, a haploid microspore undergoes an asymmetric division to produce the male germline that encounters a mitotic division to produce two germ cells. The resulting germ cells undergo a series of specialization events to produce the two sperm cells required for double fertilization. These events include to upregulate male germline‐specific while downregulating male germline‐nonspecific regulon, but how these specializations events are regulated, are still unresolved. To know how plant sperm cell is specialized, we mutagenized Arabidopsis double homozygous transgenic line (MGH3p‐MGH3::eGFP and ACTIN11p‐H2B::mRFP) by an ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) treatment and isolated a mutant with sperms identity loss, resulting in a completely male defective plant. Second‐generation sequencing identified a point mutation G/A causing premature stop codon TGG/TGA in the poly(A) polymerase PAPS1 that is linked with phenotype. Further, we found that paps1 mutant fails to upregulate male germline‐specific regulon and to downregulate male germline‐nonspecific factors required for sperm cell differentiation and attaining pollen maturation. Previously, polyadenylation of pre‐mRNAs by PAPS1 has been found crucial for both RNA‐based silencing processes and the processing of pre‐mRNAs into mature mRNAs ready for translation. This study concludes that PAPS1 mediates sperm cell differentiation through upregulating specific while silencing the nonspecific factors of male germlines.
Multilayer Self‐Assemblies for Fabricating Graphene‐Supported Single‐Atomic Metal via Microwave‐Assisted Emulsion Micelle
Authors: Zhang Mengyuan , Li Xiaohui , Yang Yihui , Li Tiejun , Luo Huili , Wen Luhong , Qin Lei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractInspired by molecular self‐assemblies in nature, this article reports a versatile strategy for confined encapsulation of single‐atomic metal into high‐quality rGO nanosheets by the microwave‐assisted emulsion micelle method. Multilayer self‐assembly of organometallics–surfactants micelles into the interlayer of nanosheets can not only promote microwave exfoliation and reduction of GO but also precisely control loading and distribution of single‐metal atoms. With this synthetic strategy, the simultaneous trinity of exfoliation, reduction, and composition are achieved for 1 min. Experimental results and density functional theory calculations demonstrate that graphene‐supported FeN4O2 sites exhibit optimal binding energy toward superior selective adsorption (adsorption amount of 1975.6 mg g−1 with separation efficiency of 97.6%) and electrocatalytic oxidation (TOFs as high as 1.31 min−1). This work provides a simple and efficient avenue for the large‐scale preparation of single‐atomic metal composites in environmental and energy fields.
DNA Kirigami Driven by Polymerase‐Triggered Strand Displacement
Authors: Chen Kuiting , Xu Fei , Hu Yingxin , Yan Hao , Pan Linqiang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe precursors of functional biomolecules in living cells are synthesized in a bottom‐up manner and subsequently activated by modification into a delicate structure with near‐atomic precision. DNA origami technology provides a promising way to mimic the synthesis of precursors, although mimicking the modification process is a challenge. Herein, a DNA paper‐cutting (DNA kirigami) method to trim origami into designer nanostructures is proposed, where the modification is implemented by a polymerase‐triggered DNA strand displacement reaction. Six geometric shapes are created by cutting rectangular DNA origami. Gel electrophoresis and atomic force microscopy results demonstrate the feasibility and capability of the DNA paper‐cutting method. The proposed DNA paper‐cutting strategy can enrich the toolbox for dynamically transforming DNA origami and has potential applications in biomimetics.
Physicochemical Properties of Wheat Starch under Different Sowing Dates
Authors: Zang Yong , Yao Huihui , Ran Liping , Zhang Rong , Duan Yuren , Yu Xurun , Xiong Fei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDifferent sowing dates mainly influence the growth of wheat by changing the insolation duration and accumulated temperature. But the underlying mechanism of the accumulation of the wheat starch from different sowing dates is still unclear. This field study is conducted to determine the relationship between the physicochemical properties of wheat starch and the sowing date. Results show that the accumulation of amyloplasts is greatly affected by sowing date. With the postponement of sowing time, the content of A‐type granules in grains significantly increases and C‐type granules decreases. Delaying the sowing date significantly decreases the content of amylose. The swelling power and solubility show a downward trend, but no significant difference among groups. The long‐chain content of amylopectin increases with the postponement of sowing date. The crystal structure and resistant starch increase as well. However, those increasing effects are not infinite, they will gradually weaken and disappear when the sowing date is continued to be postponed.
The Many Chemists Who Could Have Proposed the Woodward‐Hoffmann Rules (Including Roald Hoffmann) But Didn't: The Theoretical and Physical Chemists†**
Authors: Seeman Jeffrey I. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIt is a reasonable question to ask, why, as of 1965 when the five Woodward‐Hoffmann communication appeared, did no other physical chemist or chemical physicist or theoretical chemist discover the orbital symmetry rules for all pericyclic reactions? Two theoretical chemists – Luitzen Oosterhoff (in 1961) and Kenichi Fukui (in 1964) had discovered portions of the orbital symmetry rules; their stories appear in the papers immediately preceding this paper which is Paper 5 in a 27‐paper series on the history of Woodward‐Hoffmann rules. Concise yet telling stories of 19 other chemists who could have, might have, perhaps even should have discovered the Woodward‐Hoffmann rules are presented with explanations as to why they did not do so. Social, political, and scientific explanations will summarize the analyses.
A review of pooled‐sample strategy: Does complexity lead to better performance?
Authors: Song Yu , Wang XueLiang , Xiao YanQun , Wang Hualiang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19, caused by SARS‐Cov‐2) is a big challenge for global health systems and the economy. Rapid and accurate tests are crucial at early stages of this pandemic. Reverse transcription‐quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction is the current gold standard method for detection of SARS‐Cov‐2. It is impractical and costly to test individuals in large‐scale population screens, especially in low‐ and middle‐income countries due to their shortage of nucleic acid testing reagents and skilled staff. Accordingly, sample pooling, such as for blood screening for syphilis, is now widely applied to COVID‐19. In this paper, we survey and review several different pooled‐sample testing strategies, based on their group size, prevalence, testing number, and sensitivity, and we discuss their efficiency in terms of reducing cost and saving time while ensuring sensitivity.
Projection‐based techniques for high‐dimensional optimal transport problems
Authors: Zhang Jingyi , Ma Ping , Zhong Wenxuan , Meng Cheng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOptimal transport (OT) methods seek a transformation map (or plan) between two probability measures, such that the transformation has the minimum transportation cost. Such a minimum transport cost, with a certain power transform, is called the Wasserstein distance. Recently, OT methods have drawn great attention in statistics, machine learning, and computer science, especially in deep generative neural networks. Despite its broad applications, the estimation of high‐dimensional Wasserstein distances is a well‐known challenging problem owing to the curse‐of‐dimensionality. There are some cutting‐edge projection‐based techniques that tackle high‐dimensional OT problems. Three major approaches of such techniques are introduced, respectively, the slicing approach, the iterative projection approach, and the projection robust OT approach. Open challenges are discussed at the end of the review.This article is categorized under:
Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Dimension Reduction
Statistical Learning and Exploratory Methods of the Data Sciences > Manifold Learning
Classical System Identification
Authors: Pillonetto Gianluigi , Chen Tianshi , Chiuso Alessandro , De Nicolao Giuseppe , Ljung Lennart 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSystem identification as a field has been around since the 1950s with roots from statistical theory. A substantial body of concepts, theory, algorithms and experience has been developed since then. Indeed, there is a very extensive literature on the subject, with many text books, like [5, 8, 12]. Some main points of this “classical” field are summarized in this chapter, just pointing to the basic structure of the problem area. The problem centres around four main pillars: (1) the observed data from the system, (2) a parametrized set of candidate models, “the Model structure”, (3) an estimation method that fits the model parameters to the observed data and (4) a validation process that helps taking decisions about the choice of model structure. The crucial choice is that of the model structure. The archetypical choice for linear models is the ARX model, a linear difference equation between the system’s input and output signals. This is a universal approximator for linear systems—for sufficiently high orders of the equations, arbitrarily good descriptions of the system are obtained. For a “good” model, proper choices of structural parameters, like the equation orders, are required. An essential part of the classical theory deals with asymptotic quality measures, bias and variance, that aim at giving the best mean square error between the model and the true system. Some of this theory is reviewed in this chapter for estimation methods of the maximum likelihood character.
Koproduzieren – eine lebenswerte Stadt gemeinschaftlich entwickeln, umsetzen und bewahren
Authors: Abt Jan 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Beteiligung von Bürger*innen ist in deutschen Kommunen schon lange erprobt, ehrenamtliches Engagement trägt seit langem zur Funktionsfähigkeit von Kommunen und zur Lebensqualität in den Quartieren bei. Neu in der Diskussion stehen jedoch weitergehende Kooperationsformen, die unter dem Begriff „Koproduktion“ zusammengefasst werden. Verbunden ist mit Koproduktion die Erwartung an eine Zusammenarbeit mit neuen Akteuren, die Aufgaben übernehmen, die die Kommune nur noch schwer alleine erfüllen kann. Doch was „Koproduktion“ genau bedeutet und was sie unterscheidet von der bisherigen Mitwirkung von und der Zusammenarbeit mit Bürger*innen – das ist vor Ort meist unklar. Das Konzept der Koproduktion beleuchtet dieser einleitende Beitrag, der durch die nachfolgenden Reflexionen experimenteller Koproduktionen in der Stadt- und Regionalentwicklung vertieft wird.
Gemeingut Boden – Erbbaurechte zur Stärkung des Gemeinwohls in der kooperativen Stadt
Authors: Darr Christian , Luft Jörn 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungHohe Bodenpreise und Bodenspekulation erschweren es gemeinwohlorientierten Projektmacher*innen, ihre Ideen einer kooperativen Stadt umzusetzen. Gleichzeitig haben Kommunen wenig Einfluss auf die Nutzung verkaufter Grundstücke. Die Anwendung des Erbbaurechts u. a. durch gemeinwohlorientierte Akteure ermöglicht die Entwicklung „Dritter Orte“ und deren langfristige Absicherung. Erläutert werden die Geschichte und die Vorteile des Erbbaurechts, und mit dem Bürgerfonds wird ein weiteres Instrument vorgestellt. Dies wird anhand von Beispielen illustriert.
Planspiele als Methode der gemeinsamen Zielfindung und Instrumentenentwicklung
Authors: Gödecke Dario 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungBedingt durch den demografischen Wandel stehen kommunale Akteure ländlicher Räume verstärkt unter dem Druck, die Vitalität von Kommunen aufrechtzuerhalten. Hierfür ist zunehmend ein kollektives und abgestimmtes Handeln notwendig. Planspiele können hierbei unter bestimmten Voraussetzungen eine effektive Methode darstellen, um eine gemeinsame Zielfindung und Instrumentenentwicklung zu erreichen. Der Beitrag stellt ein Planspiel vor, bei dem kommunale Akteure ein innovatives Instrument zur Stärkung der Innenentwicklung erarbeitet und anschließend in die kommunale Praxis überführt haben. Dabei wird aufgezeigt, welches Potenzial Planspiele für Koproduktionen bieten können.
Beteiligen – einen Grundstein für gemeinschaftliche Aufgaben in der Stadt- und Regionalentwicklung legen
Authors: Blecken Lutke , Diringer Julia 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungEine gemeinschaftlich organisierte Entwicklung von Städten, Gemeinden und Regionen entsteht nicht von selbst. Neue Partnerschaften müssen erst entwickelt, gelebt und als belastbar empfunden werden, um darauf weiter aufbauen zu können. Eine kommunale Verfahrenskultur, die auf Kooperation und Beteiligung ausgerichtet ist, kann so zur Basis für weitreichendere Formen des gemeinsamen Umsetzens werden. Hier setzten die geförderten Verbundprojekte der Fördermaßnahme „Kommunen innovativ“ an. Sie entwickelten und erprobten informelle Beteiligungsformate, bei denen Bürger*innen, zivilgesellschaftliche Akteure, Verwaltung und kommunale Entscheidungsträger*innen frühzeitig zusammenkamen und Möglichkeiten zur Beteiligung ausloteten. Dieser Text ordnet die Beiträge in Teil I „Beteiligung“ in den Diskurs um Beteiligung in der Stadt- und Regionalentwicklung ein.
Die Konstellationsanalyse als Instrument zur Strategieentwicklung für eine gemeinschaftliche Daseinsvorsorge
Authors: Wolf Mario , Londong Jörg 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Einführung koproduktiver Organisationsformen in der Daseinsvorsorge bedarf integrierter Handlungsstrategien. Ein Instrument zur Strategieentwicklung stellt die Konstellationsanalyse dar, mit der komplexe Problemlagen systematisch analysiert und Handlungsansätze identifiziert werden können. Zentrale Elemente des Beitrags sind die Darstellung der Konstellationsanalyse, die anwendungsbezogene Erläuterung anhand eines Fallbeispiels aus der ressourcenorientierten Abwasserbewirtschaftung sowie zusammenfassende Handlungsempfehlungen, die Akteure aus Wissenschaft und Praxis bei der Anwendung der strategieorientierten Konstellationsanalyse unterstützen sollen.
Open Budget – Öffnung des Haushaltswesens
Authors: von Lucke Jörn , Gollasch Katja 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungDas Konzept Open Budget beschäftigt sich mit der Frage, wie eine Öffnung des Haushaltswesens in Bund, Ländern und Kommunen vollzogen werden kann. Dieses Kapitel gibt zunächst eine Einführung in die Grundlagen eines öffentlichen Finanz- und Haushaltswesens. Anschließend wird das Leitbild eines offenen Haushalts für die Bereiche Haushaltsaufstellung, Haushaltsbewirtschaftung sowie der Rechenschaftslegung skizziert und auf wesentliche Akteure in diesem Bereich eingegangen. Ebenso wird veranschaulicht, wie Ansätze für offene Haushaltsdaten in diesen drei Themenfeldern aussehen können. Ergänzt wird dies um Stärken und Chancen, aber auch Schwächen und Risiken. Erste Versuche für die Visualisierung von Haushaltsdaten und die darin liegenden Mehrwerte werden aufgezeigt sowie ein Ausblick auf die weiterführenden Themen Beteiligungs- und Bürgerhaushalte, offene Vergabe und Beteiligungsberichte gegeben.