bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and uncertainty analysis of infiltration models using PSO and Monte Carlo method
Authors: Torabi Podeh Hassan , Parsaie Abbas , Shahinejad Babak , Arshia Azadeh , Shamsi Zahra 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe present research aims to calibrate infiltration models including the Kostiakov (KM), modified Kostiakov (MKM), Novel (NM), Philip (PM), Horton (HM) and Soil Conservation Service (SCSM) models using the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. To satisfy this end, the published data related to the double‐ring test in the Davood Rashid and Hunam regions located in Lorestan and Ilam provinces (western Iran) were applied. Then, Monte Carlo analysis (MCA) was used to model the uncertainty of the coefficients of the mentioned models. The lowest accuracy in the Hunam region is related to MKM with the statistical indices coefficient of determination (R2) = 0.901 and root mean square error (RMSE) = 0.023, while in the same region, the highest accuracy is related to the NM with the statistical indices R2 = 0.988 and RMSE = 0.008. For the Davood Rashid region, the lowest accuracy is related to the HM with the statistical indices R2 = 0.890 and RMSE = 0.038. In this region, the highest accuracy is related to the NM and MKM with the statistical indices R2 = 0.987 and RMSE = 0.012. To determine the uncertainty of the parameters of the infiltration models, 10,000 datasets were generated based on observed data and the MCA, and then their range at the 95% confidence level was calculated. According to the MCA, among the models used in the study areas, the NM has less uncertainty and the results of this model can be adopted with more reliability.
Identification of TLR2/4‐mediated phagocytosis and immune response activation pathways by vacuoles isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Lee Su‐Min , Kim Bit‐Na , Kim Yang‐Hoon , Min Jiho 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe vacuoles of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae are closely related to mammalian lysosomes and play a role in macromolecular degradation due to the hydrolytic enzymes present inside. The vacuoles also regulate osmotic pressure and control cellular homeostasis. In previous results, vacuoles were shown to activate the immune response of macrophages by promoting the production of immune‐mediated transporters nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and pro‐inflammatory cytokines. In this study, the effects of vacuoles on the phagocytosis activity of RAW264.7 cells and their potential as immune enhancers were evaluated, and receptors capable of recognizing vacuoles were examined. An investigation using the phagocytes assay showed that phagocytosis activity increased by the vacuole. Besides, after treatment with TLR2/4 inhibitor, the expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines by vacuoles was significantly reduced and the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein was also significantly reduced. However, treatment with a TLR2 inhibitor did not reduce the production of interleukin‐6 (IL)‐6, a pro‐inflammatory cytokine. As a result of confirming the activation of TLR2/4 using Western blot and immunofluorescence (IF), the TLR2/4 protein expression and fluorescence intensity increased depending on the concentration of vacuoles. Yeast vacuoles significantly upregulate protein expression of p‐p65/p‐p38 MAPKs. In summary, the vacuoles isolated from S. cerevisiae in macrophages have increased phagocytic ability at a concentration of 20 (µg/ml) and can function as immune‐enhancing agent suggesting that TLR2/4 mediated the p38 MAPK/nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway.
Multi‐Sequence and Multi‐Regional MRI‐Based Radiomics Nomogram for the Preoperative Assessment of Muscle Invasion in Bladder Cancer
Authors: Zhang Lu , Li Xiaoyang , Yang Li , Tang Ying , Guo Junting , Li Ding , Li Shuo , Li Yan , Wang Le , Lei Ying , Qiao Hong , Yang Guoqiang , Wang Xiaochun 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundWhether bladder cancer (BCa) invades muscle is a determinant of management. However, the accuracy of preoperative diagnosis of muscle invasion is not satisfactory.PurposeTo investigate the value of multi‐sequence and multi‐regional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐based radiomics nomogram for assessing muscle invasion of BCa.Study TypeRetrospective.Population342 BCa patients, divided into a training set (239 cases), a validation set (68 cases), and a test set (35 cases).Field Strength/Sequence3.0 T/T2‐weighted image, diffusion‐weighted imaging, and dynamic contrast‐enhanced imaging.AssessmentPatients were divided into muscle‐invasive (79 cases) and non‐muscle‐invasive (263 cases). Two radiologists delineated the whole tumor, tumor body, and muscle layer of BCa, respectively, and extracted radiomic features.Statistical TestsRecursive feature elimination, Pearson correlation coefficient, logistic regression, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) regression analysis, and 5‐fold cross‐validation were used to screen features and build a radiomics model. The clinical data were collected to construct a clinical model and a radiomics‐clinical nomogram.Results23,688 features were extracted. After screening, the radiomics scoring model was constructed using nine radiomics features with area under curve (AUC) values of 0.933, 0.913, and 0.931 in the training, validation, and test sets, respectively. The clinical model was constructed using five clinical independent risk factors; the AUC values in the training, validation, and test set were 0.876, 0.859, and 0.824, respectively. After logistic regression analysis, the AUC values of the radiomics‐clinical nomogram were made up of four clinical independent risk factors and radiomics scores were 0.955, 0.922, and 0.935 for the training, validation, and test sets, respectively. The DeLong test between clinical model and radiomics‐clinical nomogram shows P < 0.001.ConclusionMulti‐sequence and multi‐regional MRI‐based radiomics models could effectively assess the state of BCa muscular invasion. The radiomics‐clinical nomogram is superior to clinical model for assessing BCa muscular invasion.Level of Evidence4Technical EfficacyStage 2
Evaluation of the forecast skill of North American Multi‐Model Ensemble for monthly and seasonal precipitation forecasts over Iran
Authors: Shirvani Amin , Landman Willem A. , Barlow Mathew , Hoell Andrew 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNorth American Multi‐Model Ensemble (NMME) precipitation forecast skill over Iran is evaluated using Taylor diagrams and ranked probability skill scores (RPSS) as determined over a 29‐year test period (1991–2019). The forecast skill for both monthly (October through June for lead‐times of 0.5–3.5 months) and seasonal (October–December [OND], January–March [JFM], and April–June [AMJ] for lead‐times of 1.5–3.5 months) timescales is evaluated using six NMME models as well as multi‐model ensemble means (MMM). The latest versions of these models for forecasting Iran's precipitation have not been evaluated thus far. The Global Precipitation Climatology Center (GPCC) version 2020 dataset is used to verify the models. Among individual NMME models, Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory‐Seamless System for Prediction and Earth System Research (GFDL‐SPEAR) has generally the highest forecast skill. Both Taylor diagrams and RPSS of most of the models have indicated that the highest forecast skill is found for the month of November such that the Pearson correlation for both SPEAR and MMM is statistically significant for all lead‐times. For both monthly and seasonal timescales, the temporal Pearson correlation (TPC) between the observed and forecasts of the MMM is higher than the TPC of the individual models. The spatial Pearson correlation (SPC) and normalized centred root mean square error (NCRMSE) of the SPEAR is close to MMM, but the normalized standard deviation (NSD) of the SPEAR is closer to one compared to the MMM for months from November to March and two seasons (OND and JFM seasons). The MMM precipitation forecasts are underestimated over the northern regions and Zagros mountains for JFM and OND seasons for both 1.5‐ and 2.5‐month lead‐times. The degree to which the forecast skill of MMM is dependent on the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) connections with precipitation over Iran is examined. Significant Spearman correlations between simultaneous observed Niño3.4 index and Iran precipitation are found for OND, but not for JFM and AMJ. The MMM reproduces the observed ENSO teleconnections to the tropical Pacific in OND, consistent with forecast skill in that season. However, the MMM also produces forecast skill in JFM and AMJ when the ENSO influence is marginal, showing that ENSO is not the only source of skill in the models.
Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Soft Tissue Calcifications in the Head and Neck Region Detected on Panoramic Radiographs
Authors: Özkan Gökhan , Köse Emre , Yeşiltepe Selin 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to present a comparison between panoramic radiographs and USG imaging with a focus on revealing the advantages of USG over radiographs, and to show the distribution of calcifications detected in USG by considering the age and gender.MethodsA total of 148 patients with soft tissue calcifications as seen on panoramic radiographs were examined with USG imaging. Sialoliths, carotid artery calcifications, tonsilloliths, phleboliths and lymph node calcifications were examined in terms of anatomical localization, distribution and shape.ResultsIn the USG evaluation of these 148 patients, soft tissue calcifications were observed in 113 (76.4%) patients. The mean age of the patients with calcification was 55.6 ± 13.1 (min: 22–max: 77). Bilateral calcifications were detected in 25 (22.1%) patients, whereas unilateral calcifications were found in 88 (77.9%) patients. While the rates of tonsilloliths, sialoliths, phleboliths, and lymph node calcifications were statistically similar in male and female patients, the rate of carotid artery calcifications was found to be higher in men than in women (P = 0.017). No statistical significance was found between age groups in terms of the formation of soft tissue calcifications (P = 0.117).ConclusionsPanoramic radiographs may mislead clinicians in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of soft tissue calcifications in the head and neck region due to the presence of distortion, superpositions, metal artefacts, and ghost images. USG is an important diagnostic tool in determining the localization of soft tissue calcifications that can be confused on two‐dimensional radiographs, their relationship with neighboring structures, and defining calcification. It can be used safely in the detection of soft tissue calcifications as it provides dynamic imaging without the use of radiation or contrast material compared to other advanced imaging methods.
Stability of a two‐dimensional stationary rotating flow in an exterior cylinder
Authors: Higaki Mitsuo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe investigate the stability of an exact stationary flow in an exterior cylinder. The horizontal velocity is the two‐dimensional rotating flow in an exterior disk with a critical spatial decay, for which the L2 stability is known under smallness conditions. We prove its stability property for three‐dimensional perturbations although the Hardy type inequalities are absent as in the two‐dimensional case. The proof uses a large time estimate for the linearized equations exhibiting different behaviors in the Fourier modes, namely, the standard L2‐ decay of the two‐dimensional mode and an exponential decay of the three‐dimensional modes.
Influencer marketing: When and why gen Z consumers avoid influencers and endorsed brands
Authors: Pradhan Debasis , Kuanr Abhisek , Anupurba Pahi Sampa , Akram Muhammad S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractConsumer avoidance of brands and influencers is a widespread phenomenon, especially among Generation Z (Gen Z); however, influencer marketing literature lacks clarity about when and why Gen Z engages in such avoidance. Our experimental investigation, across four studies, reveals that Gen Z considers brands' control over influencers to be morally irresponsible and, thus, avoids both. We introduce a novel construct,influencer avoidance, and examine its drivers. Study 1 indicates that perceived brand control engenders avoidance; moderation evidence shows that macro (vs. micro) influencers accentuate (attenuate) the influence of brand control on avoidance. Study 2 shows that Gen Z enjoying a strong versus weak relationship with influencers results in lower (higher) avoidance towards influencers and endorsed brands. Study 3 demonstrates that negative moral emotions mediate the relationship between perceived brand control and avoidance behavior. Study 4 generalizes the findings by analyzing a different influencer and endorsed brand and including a prominent advertisement disclosure. By investigating the drivers and mechanisms of Gen Z's avoidance behavior, our research contributes to research on the theory of moral responsibility, Gen Z's influencer avoidance behavior, and anti‐consumption literature. This offers key insights into how to prevent acts of consumer retribution towards influencers and brands.
A Life History Study of Atlantic Wolffish Resolves Bias and Imprecision in Length and Age at Maturity Schedules by Recognizing Abortive Maturation
Authors: McBride Richard S. , Fairchild Elizabeth A. , Press Yvonna K. , Elzey Scott P. , Adams Charles F. , Bentzen Paul 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Stock assessments of U.S. Atlantic Wolffish Anarhichas lupus are hampered by a landings moratorium and low catches in fishery independent surveys. Working with the commercial fishing industry, we collected hundreds of fish to overcome a lack of regionally specific life history information. Based on ages from sectioned otoliths, Atlantic Wolffish are long lived (maximum observed age: males = 31 years, females = 29 years). A Gompertz growth model showed that Atlantic Wolffish exhibit dimorphic growth—with larger males across all ages on average. Preliminary estimates of total mortality ranged from 0.15 to 0.21 and were lower than an estimate measured at the beginning of the moratorium. Based on gonad histology, a cohort of vitellogenic oocytes emerged in mature females by April and developed group synchronously to ovulate primarily in October. Skip spawning, which accounts for nonannual spawning, was observed in 5.6% of the mature females. Accounting for abortive maturation, a physiological event that delays functional maturation, improved precision and reduced bias of maturity estimates. The resulting median length at functional maturity was 53 cm total length (95% confidence interval = 49–56 cm), and the median age was 6.7 years old (6.2–7.2 years). These estimates are smaller and younger than elsewhere in the western North Atlantic Ocean, confirming that regionally specific maturity parameters are relevant when assessing reference points of the U.S. Atlantic Wolffish fishery.
Would customers of social enterprises become social entrepreneurs?
Authors: Ip Ching Yin , Liang Chaoyun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTo investigate whether customers purchasing goods and services from social enterprises would become social entrepreneurs, 980 survey participants were recruited, and two promising models were tested. In the first study, social entrepreneurial intention (SEI) was investigated by examining the mediating effects of purchase intention and willingness to pay a premium on the relationship between outcome expectation and SEI. The results revealed that the effect of outcome expectation on SEI is mediated through willingness to pay a premium; moreover, purchase intention has no significant effect on SEI. In the second study, we confirmed that the dominant effect on SEI resulted from willingness to pay a premium, followed by outcome expectation. Furthermore, the results revealed that purchase intention enhances the effect of outcome expectation on SEI among customers with high purchase intention, thus demonstrating the moderating role of purchase intention. Business partners could be cultivated through the beneficial outcome expectations and favourable purchasing behaviour exhibited by the customers of social enterprises.
Extreme temperature events monitored by Raman lidar: Consistency and complementarity with spaceborne observations and modelling
Authors: Baron Alexandre , Chazette Patrick , Totems Julien 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTwo extreme temperature events (ETEs), both triggered by atmospheric blocking situations, were monitored by a pure rotational Raman lidar 20 km south of Paris. The first ETE lasted 6 days in late February 2018 with the onset of a cold wave surging from Siberia, and the second was a short heatwave that occurred at the end of July 2020. After calibration using simultaneous radiosoundings, lidar vertical profiles of temperature are derived with an uncertainty of less than 1 °C within both the planetary boundary layer and the lower/middle free troposphere (~3/6 km above ground level [a.g.l.] for day/night), with a final vertical resolution of 50 m and a temporal resolution of 30 min. Such capabilities fulfil the observational requirements of the World Meteorological Organisation and contribute to fill a gap left behind by current operational instruments, which struggle to follow the diurnal cycle of the planetary boundary layer due to insufficient spatial and temporal resolutions in the low troposphere. These case studies allow to assess how such weather events are represented by numerical weather prediction modelling and whether they can be correctly observed by the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) spaceborne mission. Our results demonstrate that during these events both ECMWF reanalyses and forecasts are in overall very good accordance with lidar observations (correlation >0.9 in average). Still, they show warm biases (~1°C–2°C) compared with the lidar and improvable temperature field representation in the boundary layer. The radiances measured by IASI, assimilated in the operational model, do not capture temperature profiles adequately below ~2–3 km a.g.l., mainly due to the altitude location of its weighting functions. The bias computed against the lidar reaches 2°C during the heatwave and 4°C during the cold wave case in the first 2 km of the atmosphere, beyond expected errors found in the literature.
The dimensional character of permeability: Dimensionless groups that govern Darcy's flow in anisotropic porous media
Authors: Alhama Iván , Martínez‐Moreno Encarnación , García‐Ros Gonzalo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe dimensional character of permeability in anisotropic porous media, that is, its dimension or dimensional equation, is an information that allows setting the dimensionless groups that govern the solution of the flow equation in terms of hydraulic potential patterns. However, employing the dimensional basis {L, M, T} (length, mass, time), the dimensionless groups containing the anisotropic permeability do not behave as independent monomials that rule the solutions. In this work, the contributions appearing in the literature on the dimensional character of permeability are discussed and a new approach based on discriminated and general dimensional analysis is presented. This approach leads to the emergence of a new and accurate dimensionless group, , a ratio of permeabilities corrected by the squared value of an aspect factor, being and two arbitrary lengths of the domain in the directions that are indicated in their subscripts. Specific values of this lengths, which we name ‘hidden characteristic lengths’, are also discussed in this article. To check the validity of this dimensionless group, numerical simulations of two illustrative 2‐D seepage scenarios have been solved.
Enhanced tribological performance of epoxy nanocomposites by the hybridization of 2D nano‐WS2 and graphene oxide nanosheets
Authors: Yang Xiao‐Hui , Liu Kun , Dang Rui‐Qiong , Guan Ji‐Peng , Guo Shao‐Cong , Lan Ping , Wang Hong‐Quan , Shen Xiao‐Jun , Fu Shao‐Yun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIncorporation of 2D nanofillers can effectively improve tribological performance of epoxy resin (EP). In this work, two types of 2D nanosheets are incorporated to maximize the tribological performance of EP nanocomposites. On the one hand, nano tungsten disulfide (WS2) was coated on graphene oxide (GO) to form 2D WS2@GO nanosheets before they were incorporated into EP matrix. On the other hand, as a comparison, WS2‐GO hybrid was incorporated into EP matrix by directly mixing to obtain epoxy nanocomposites. Tribological performance of EP composites with 0.1–5 wt% 2D WS2@GO nanosheets and WS2‐GO hybrid are then systematically investigated. It is interestingly observed that the addition of WS2‐GO hybrid at 1 wt% decreases the friction coefficient by 5.4% and the specific wear rate by 67.7% of neat EP; comparatively, adding the 2D WS2@GO nanosheets at 1 wt% presents much higher improvements in reducing the friction coefficient by 24.1% and the specific wear rate by about 96.3% of EP. The formation of transfer film is shown to be responsible for enhancing tribological properties of EP by the hybridization of 2D nano‐WS2 and GO nanosheets. Consequently, it is clear that forming 2D WS2@GO nanosheets is dramatically superior to simply mixing nano WS2 and GO with EP in enhancing tribological performance.
Views of reproductive genetic carrier screening participants regarding screening for genes associated with non‐syndromic hearing loss
Authors: Freeman Lucinda , Delatycki Martin B. , Leach Scully Jackie , Kirk Edwin P. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveReproductive genetic carrier screening (RGCS) panels often include genes associated with non‐syndromic hearing loss (NSHL) despite a lack of evidence of acceptability. Although some couples take steps to avoid having a child who is deaf, there are effective interventions for children who are deaf. There is no consensus whether deafness is considered a disabling condition.MethodThis study explored views of people who had RGCS, without genes for NSHL, about this topic. Online surveys were sent to 2186 people who had a low chance RGCS result and 655 completed the survey (participation rate 30%).ResultsSixty‐three percent (N = 412) think deafness is a serious health condition. The majority agreed (60%, N = 391) that with support (i.e. hearing aids/cochlear implants) deafness is a minor condition in children. Most (84%, N = 545) agreed genes for NSHL should be included in RGCS. Thirty‐five percent (N = 231) indicated they would make different reproductive decisions if they had an increased chance of having a child born deaf; 31% would not change their reproductive plans and 34% were unsure what they would do.ConclusionWhile the majority support inclusion of genes associated with NSHL in RGCS, there was uncertainty about the severity of deafness as a health condition and there was no consensus on whether it is a health condition that warrants changing reproductive decisions.