bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of hierarchical taxonomy in a clinical sample
Authors: Levin-Aspenson Holly Frances , Zimmerman Mark 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundQuantitatively derived dimensional models of psychopathology enjoy overwhelming empirical support, and a large and active community of psychopathology researchers has been establishing an empirically based dimensional hierarchical taxonomy of psychopathology (or HiTOP) as a strong candidate replacement for the current categorical classification system. The hierarchical nature of this taxonomy implies that different levels of resolution are likely to be optimal for different purposes. Our aim was to identify which level of detail is likely to provide optimal validity and explanatory power with regard to relevant clinical variables.MethodsIn the present report from the Rhode Island Methods to Improve Diagnostic Assessment and Services project, we used data from a sample of 2900 psychiatric outpatients to compare different levels from a bass-ackwards model of psychopathology in relation to psychosocial impairment across different domains (global functioning, inability to work, social functioning, suicidal ideation, history of suicide attempts, history of psychiatric hospitalization).ResultsAll functioning indices were significantly associated with general psychopathology, but more complex levels provided significant incremental validity. The optimal level of complexity varied across functioning indices, suggesting that there is no single ‘best’ level for understanding relations between psychopathology and functioning.ConclusionsResults support the hierarchical organization of psychopathology dimensions with regard to validity considerations and downstream implications for applied assessment. It would be fruitful to develop and implement measurement of these dimensions at the appropriate level for the purpose at hand. These findings can be used to guide HiTOP-consistent assessment in other research and clinical settings.
Tsallis value-at-risk: generalized entropic value-at-risk
Authors: Zou Zhenfeng , Xia Zichao , Hu Taizhong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMotivated by Ahmadi-Javid (Journal of Optimization Theory Applications, 155(3), 2012, 1105–1123) and Ahmadi-Javid and Pichler (Mathematics and Financial Economics, 11, 2017, 527–550), the concept of Tsallis Value-at-Risk (TsVaR) based on Tsallis entropy is introduced in this paper. TsVaR corresponds to the tightest possible upper bound obtained from the Chernoff inequality for the Value-at-Risk. The main properties and analogous dual representation of TsVaR are investigated. These results partially generalize the Entropic Value-at-Risk by involving Tsallis entropies. Three spaces, called the primal, dual, and bidual Tsallis spaces, corresponding to TsVaR are fully studied. It is shown that these spaces equipped with the norm induced by TsVaR are Banach spaces. The Tsallis spaces are related to the $L^p$ spaces, as well as specific Orlicz hearts and Orlicz spaces. Finally, we derive explicit formula for the dual TsVaR norm.
Self-determination in territorial disputes before the International Court of Justice: From rhetoric to reality?
Authors: Suedi Yusra 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn its jurisprudence, the ICJ has developed a hierarchy of sources it will rely on to resolve territorial disputes: it prioritizes a boundary treaty between the state litigants, followed by agreements between the states’ colonial predecessors, and finally state litigants’ actions displaying their authority over the disputed territory. The Court’s practice therefore leaves no room for local populations to contribute to boundary-making decisions. Given the status self-determination holds in international law today, and the repercussions possibly faced by such populations in certain territorial disputes, there is cause to consider that the desires of local populations should be considered in the Court’s legal reasoning. This article first unpacks the reasons that self-determination is not brought up by state litigants on one hand, nor by the Court on the other hand. It notes that self-determination is only rhetorically addressed by states if buttressing their interests. It therefore attempts to reconcile self-determination with territorial disputes, suggesting how peoples’ desires may be factored into the Court’s approach.
(Epi)genetic control of secondary seed dormancy depth and germination in Capsella bursa-pastoris
Authors: Gomez-Cabellos Sara , Toorop Peter E. , Fernández-Pascual Eduardo , Iannetta Pietro P. M. , Pritchard Hugh W. , Visscher Anne M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDespite the importance of secondary dormancy for plant life cycle timing and survival, there is insufficient knowledge about the (epigenetic) regulation of this trait at the molecular level. Our aim was to determine the role of (epi)genetic processes in the regulation of secondary seed dormancy using natural genotypes of the widely distributed Capsella bursa-pastoris. Seeds of nine ecotypes were exposed to control conditions or histone deacetylase inhibitors [trichostatin A (TSA), valproic acid] during imbibition to study the effects of hyper-acetylation on secondary seed dormancy induction and germination. Valproic acid increased secondary dormancy and both compounds caused a delay of t50 for germination (radicle emergence) but not of t50 for testa rupture, demonstrating that they reduced speed of germination. Transcriptome analysis of one accession exposed to valproic acid versus water showed mixed regulation of ABA, negative regulation of GAs, BRs and auxins, as well as up-regulation of SNL genes, which might explain the observed delay in germination and increase in secondary dormancy. In addition, two accessions differing in secondary dormancy depth (deep vs non-deep) were studied using RNA-seq to reveal the potential regulatory processes underlying this trait. Phytohormone synthesis or signalling was generally up-regulated for ABA (e.g. NCED6, NCED2, ABCG40, ABI3) and down-regulated for GAs (GA20ox1, GA20ox2, bHLH93), ethylene (ACO1, ERF4-LIKE, ERF105, ERF109-LIKE), BRs (BIA1, CYP708A2-LIKE, probable WRKY46, BAK1, BEN1, BES1, BRI1) and auxin (GH3.3, GH3.6, ABCB19, TGG4, AUX1, PIN6, WAT1). Epigenetic candidates for variation in secondary dormancy depth include SNL genes, histone deacetylases and associated genes (HDA14, HDA6-LIKE, HDA-LIKE, ING2, JMJ30), as well as sequences linked to histone acetyltransferases (bZIP11, ARID1A-LIKE), or to gene silencing through histone methylation (SUVH7, SUVH9, CLF). Together, these results show that phytohormones and epigenetic regulation play an important role in controlling differences in secondary dormancy depth between accessions.
(Re)Claiming gender: A case for feminist decolonial social reproduction theory
Authors: Dibavar Aytak 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis article argues that the tokenistic appropriation of categories such as gender and race have deprived them of their radical and transformative political and practical roots while facilitating their commodification as a luxury product that is consumed by the depoliticized and privileged. Such (ab)use of gender, as an analytical tool, similar to race and class, has been on the rise within progressive circles. However, with the rise of alt-right populism claiming to know and fight ‘feminism’, as well as the commodification of feminism by progressives, now more than ever a decolonial social reproductive theory is needed to help understand and delineate how women are oppressed in a plethora of intersectional ways based on race, class and ability among other traits, while engaging the specific material historical-constitutive structures, judicial-political and socio-economic dimensions of the world order, as well as the emergence of right-wing populism as white heteronormative backlash. This article argues for a feminist decolonial social reproductive theory that sees gender and racial hierarchy as part of capital’s dynamism (a product), which transforms the natural, social and material world, restructuring and evolving for the ordered extraction of surplus. Although this process may differ temporally and geographically, it nonetheless results in a constellation of class exploitation, governance and struggle that facilitates right-wing backlash and undermines the left’s response, thus obviating the need for decolonial social reproductive theory.
An Analytical Model of Two‐Dimensional Mesoscale Circulation and Associated Properties Across Squall Lines
Authors: Zhang Minghua 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMesoscale convective systems (MCS) contribute about half of the world's precipitation and create flash flooding as well as other extreme weather events. Despite steady progress in research of these systems in the last several decades, better theoretical understanding is still needed to understand their dynamical organizations and to improve their forecasts in numerical models. By using the Moncrieff‐Green horizontal vorticity equation, this paper presents an analytical model of one type of MCS, the steady‐state squall lines. It describes the organization, propagation, and properties of mesoscale circulations of two‐dimensional steady‐state convective systems under sheared environment. Far‐side solutions are formulated to illustrate the underlying physical processes of squall line flows. Numerical procedures are described to solve the model under general environmental conditions. The model leads to the following prediction of squall line properties: Given the environmental profiles of wind and convective available potential energy (CAPE), the propagation speed, the depths and mass fluxes of the tilted ascending front‐to‐rear flow, the overturning updraft, and the descending rear inflow of the squall line can be all determined from the cold pool buoyancy or CAPE. The squall lines are therefore self‐organized dynamical systems that have limited degrees of freedom in their properties. The model advances the theoretical understanding of how mesoscale flow components interact to sustain organized convection. It provides a new tool to interpret squall line systems in high resolution models and to parameterize them in climate models.
Seaward‐Dipping Reflector Influence on Seafloor Magnetostratigraphy—A Pelotas Basin View
Authors: Serratt Henrique , Domingues Teixeira Claudia , Girelli Tiago Jonatan , de Souza Marcelo Kehl , Rodrigues Vargas Mateus , Moreira Silva Adalene , Chemale Farid 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPrevious works used marine magnetic survey data and interpreted magnetic anomalies related to seaward‐dipping reflectors (SDRs) as oceanic crust or SDR age constraints in the South Atlantic Ocean. However, we advise against using SDR‐related magnetic anomalies to constrain ages because of the mostly low‐dipping geometry causing the overlapping of rocks extruded during periods of different polarities. The data are difficult to interpret correctly because of the SDR compositional heterogeneity, sedimentary intercalations, variations in package thickness with different compositions and magnetic polarities, and the absence of a link between the SDR magmatic position and age. SDR‐related magnetic anomalies are mainly caused by magnetic susceptibility contrasts rather than remanent magnetism. Due to this complexity, the SDR geometry and variable composition make SDR‐related magnetic anomalies challenging to use for age constraints. The Pelotas Basin SDRs age cannot be estimated by magnetostratigraphy, and this method likely cannot constrain the age of any SDR wedge.
Extratropical Stratospheric Air Intrusions Over the Western North Pacific and the Genesis of Downstream Monsoon Low‐Pressure Systems
Authors: Vishnupriya S. , Suhas E. , Sandeep S. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLow‐pressure systems (LPS) are convectively coupled vortices that contribute nearly half of the summer monsoon rainfall over the Indian subcontinent. About one third of the boreal summer monsoon LPS are caused by downstream amplification of westward propagating disturbances from the western North Pacific (WNP). Analysis of downstream LPS events from 1979 to 2017 reveals that 43% of them are caused by extratropical stratospheric air intrusions over the WNP. Stratospheric air intrusions lead to high tropospheric potential vorticity (PV), and the downstream vortex seeds are observed to initiate and intensify to the southwest of the PV anomalies. The PV anomalies can deform the temperature in its neighborhood and cause adiabatic lifting, which in turn can induce and intensify low‐level cyclonic vortices. The subsequent intensification of the low‐level vortex is aided by deep convection, observed to the southwest of the PV anomaly, through vortex stretching and low‐level PV generation by diabatic heating.
Shallow Fracture Buffers High Elevation Runoff in Northwest Greenland
Authors: Culberg Riley , Chu Winnie , Schroeder Dustin M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe expansion of refrozen ice slabs in Greenland's firn may enhance meltwater runoff and increase surface mass loss. However, the impermeability of ice slabs and the pathways for meltwater export from these regions remain poorly characterized. Here, we present ice‐penetrating radar observations of extensive meltwater infiltration and refreezing beneath ice slabs in Northwest Greenland. We show that these buried ice complexes form where supraglacial streams or lakes drain through surface crevasses into relict firn beneath the ice slabs. This suggests that the firn can continue to buffer mass loss from surface meltwater runoff and limit meltwater delivery to the ice sheet bed even after ice slabs have formed. Therefore, a significant time lag may exist between the initial formation of ice slabs and the onset of complete surface runoff and seasonal meltwater drainage to the subglacial system in interior regions of the ice sheet.
The Impact of Winds on AMOC in a Fully‐Coupled Climate Model
Authors: Roach Lettie A. , Blanchard‐Wrigglesworth Edward , Ragen Sarah , Cheng Wei , Armour Kyle C. , Bitz Cecilia M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHere we investigate the role of the atmospheric circulation in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) by comparing a fully‐coupled large ensemble, a forced‐ocean simulation, and new experiments using a fully‐coupled global climate model where winds above the boundary layer are nudged toward reanalysis. When winds are nudged north of 45°N, agreement with RAPID array observations of AMOC at 26.5°N improves across several metrics. The phasing of interannual variability is well‐captured due to the response of the local Ekman component in both wind‐nudging and forced‐ocean simulations, however the variance remains underestimated. The mean AMOC strength is substantially reduced relative to the fully‐coupled model large ensemble, which is biased high, due to the impact of winds on surface buoyancy fluxes over the subpolar gyre. Nudging winds toward observations also reduces the 1979–2016 trend in AMOC, suggesting that improvement in the representation of the high‐latitude atmosphere is important for projecting long‐term AMOC changes.
Hydro‐Thermodynamic Processes at a Large Confluence Under Reservoir Regulation
Authors: Shi Lidi , Sun Jian , Lin Binliang , Liu Zhaowei , Zuo Xinyu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractConfluences are ubiquitous and important components in river systems, and their hydrodynamic complexity attracts increasing attention. The flow pattern in a confluence is influenced by the planform geometry, momentum, discharge ratio and bed concordance/discordance. In recent years, flow density is found to be a significant factor in natural confluence flow patterns, while the generated hydrodynamic processes that affects mixing within confluences are not fully known, especially in large rivers under heavy human activities. In this study, we investigate the hydro‐thermodynamic processes at a major confluence in the Yangtze River using a three‐dimensional numerical model. The water level in the confluence zone is regulated seasonally by the Three Gorges Reservoir, that is, the zone is within the reservoir's fluctuating backwater reach. The results show that reservoir regulation alters flow patterns in the confluence zone significantly in both horizontal and vertical planes, including shrinking re‐circulation, complicated cross‐sectional vortexes, as well as weakened riverine mixing capacity. The density difference leads to changes in the hydro‐thermodynamic processes, especially in combination with the reservoir regulation. When the tributary water temperature is high, the generated buoyancy strengthens the secondary flow in the mainstream, which further enhances the lateral transport capacity and accelerates the water mixing. More importantly, it is found that the combined effect of reservoir regulation and thermal buoyancy alters the flow structure considerably in the confluence zone, and modifies the water transport mode in the mainstream. Thus, a dimensionless number S is defined to represent the lateral water transport capacity.
Biological roles of the RNA m6A modification and its implications in cancer
Authors: Hong Juyeong , Xu Kexin , Lee Ji Hoon 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe N6-Methyladenosine (m6A) modification of RNA transcripts is the most prevalent and abundant internal modification in eukaryotic messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and plays diverse and important roles in normal biological processes. Extensive studies have indicated that dysregulated m6A modification and m6A-associated proteins play critical roles in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. However, m6A-mediated physiological consequences often lead to opposite outcomes in a biological context-dependent manner. Therefore, context-related complexity must be meaningfully considered to obtain a comprehensive understanding of RNA methylation. Recently, it has been reported that m6A-modified RNAs are closely related to the regulation of the DNA damage response and genomic integrity maintenance. Here, we present an overview of the current knowledge on the m6A modification and its function in human cancer, particularly in relation to the DNA damage response and genomic instability.
Spatiotemporal control of necroptotic cell death and plasma membrane recruitment using engineered MLKL domains
Authors: Taslimi Amir , Fields Kaiah M. , Dahl Kristin D. , Liu Qi , Tucker Chandra L. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNecroptosis is a form of programmed necrotic cell death in which a signaling cascade induces oligomerization of mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) protein, leading to plasma membrane rupture. Necroptotic cell death is recognized as important for protection against viral infection and has roles in a variety of diseases, including cancer and diabetes. Despite its relevance to health and disease states, many questions remain about the precise mechanism of necroptotic cell death, cellular factors that can protect cells from necroptosis, and the role of necroptosis in disease models. In this study, we engineered a light-activated version of MLKL that rapidly oligomerizes and is recruited to the plasma membrane in cells exposed to light, inducing rapid cell death. We demonstrate this tool can be controlled spatially and temporally, used in a chemical genetic screen to identify chemicals and pathways that protect cells from MLKL-induced cell death, and used to study signaling responses of non-dying bystander cells. In additional studies, we re-engineered MLKL to block its cell-killing capacity but retain light-mediated membrane recruitment, developing a new single-component optogenetic tool that allows modulation of protein function at the plasma membrane.
Loss of function of CMPK2 causes mitochondria deficiency and brain calcification
Authors: Zhao Miao , Su Hui-Zhen , Zeng Yi-Heng , Sun Yuan , Guo Xin-Xin , Li Yun-Lu , Wang Chong , Zhao Zhi-Yuan , Huang Xue-Jing , Lin Kai-Jun , Ye Zi-Ling , Lin Bi-Wei , Hong Shunyan , Zheng Jitan , Liu Yao-Bin , Yao Xiang-Ping , Yang Dehao , Lu Ying-Qian , Chen Hai-Zhu , Zuo Erwei , Yang Guang , Wang Hong-Tao , Huang Chen-Wei , Lin Xiao-Hong , Cen Zhidong , Lai Lu-Lu , Zhang Yan-Ke , Li Xi , Lai Tianmin , Lin Jingjing , Zuo Dan-Dan , Lin Min-Ting , Liou Chia-Wei , Kong Qing-Xia , Yan Chuan-Zhu , Xiong Zhi-Qi , Wang Ning , Luo Wei , Zhao Cui-Ping , Cheng Xuewen , Chen Wan-Jin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBrain calcification is a critical aging-associated pathology and can cause multifaceted neurological symptoms. Cerebral phosphate homeostasis dysregulation, blood-brain barrier defects, and immune dysregulation have been implicated as major pathological processes in familial brain calcification (FBC). Here, we analyzed two brain calcification families and identified calcification co-segregated biallelic variants in the CMPK2 gene that disrupt mitochondrial functions. Transcriptome analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from these patients showed impaired mitochondria-associated metabolism pathways. In situ hybridization and single-cell RNA sequencing revealed robust Cmpk2 expression in neurons and vascular endothelial cells (vECs), two cell types with high energy expenditure in the brain. The neurons in Cmpk2-knockout (KO) mice have fewer mitochondrial DNA copies, down-regulated mitochondrial proteins, reduced ATP production, and elevated intracellular inorganic phosphate (Pi) level, recapitulating the mitochondrial dysfunction observed in the PBMCs isolated from the FBC patients. Morphologically, the cristae architecture of the Cmpk2-KO murine neurons was also impaired. Notably, calcification developed in a progressive manner in the homozygous Cmpk2-KO mice thalamus region as well as in the Cmpk2-knock-in mice bearing the patient mutation, thus phenocopying the calcification pathology observed in the patients. Together, our study identifies biallelic variants of CMPK2 as novel genetic factors for FBC; and demonstrates how CMPK2 deficiency alters mitochondrial structures and functions, thereby highlighting the mitochondria dysregulation as a critical pathogenic mechanism underlying brain calcification.
Equivalence checking of quantum circuits by nonlocality
Authors: Sun Weixiao , Wei Zhaohui 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSuppose two quantum circuit chips are located at different places, for which we do not have any prior knowledge, and cannot see the internal structures either. In such a situation, a realistic and fundamental problem is to find out whether they have the same functions or not with certainty. In this paper, we show that this problem can be solved completely from the viewpoint of quantum nonlocality. Specifically, we design an elegant protocol that examines underlying quantum nonlocality, where the strongest nonlocality can be observed if and only if two quantum circuits are equivalent to each other. We show that the protocol also works approximately, where the distance between two quantum circuits can be calculated accurately by observing quantum nonlocality in an analytical manner. Furthermore, it turns out that the computational cost of our protocol is independent of the size of compared quantum circuits. Lastly, we also discuss the possibility to generalize the protocol to multipartite cases, i.e., if we do equivalence checking for multiple quantum circuits, we try to solve the problem in one go.