bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of classic object-detection techniques for automated sewer defect detection
Authors: Zhou Qianqian , Situ Zuxiang , Teng Shuai , Chen Weifeng , Chen Gongfa , Su Jiongheng 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Sewer systems play a key role in cities to ensure public assets and safety. Timely detection of defects can effectively alleviate system deterioration. Conventional manual inspection is labor-intensive, error-prone and expensive. Object detection is a powerful deep learning technique that can complement and/or replace conventional inspection, especially in complex environments. This study compares two classic object-detection methods, namely faster region-based convolutional neural network (R-CNN) and You Only Look Once (YOLO), for the detection and localization of five types of sewer defects. Model performances are evaluated based on their detection accuracy and processing speed under parameterization impacts of dataset size and training parameters. Results show that faster R-CNN achieved higher prediction accuracy. Training dataset size and maximum number of epochs (MaxE) had dominant impacts on model performances of faster R-CNN and YOLO, respectively. The processing speed increased along with the increasing training data for faster R-CNN, but did not vary significantly for YOLO. The models' abilities to detect disjoint and residential wall were highest, whereas crack and tree root were more difficult to detect. The results help to better understand the strengths and weaknesses of the classic methods and provide a useful user guidance for practical applications in automated sewer defect detection.
Attribution of nonstationary changes in the annual runoff of the Weihe River using the de-nonstationarity method
Authors: Liu Qiang , Li Shi , Zhou Genfu , Feng Zhonglun , Wang Gang , Qiu Qingtai 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The attribution of nonstationary change of the annual runoff series of the Weihe River is a topic of debate. In order to determine main drivers of nonstationary changes of Weihe River runoff, a de-nonstationarity method is used to remove the nonstationary influence of the potential driving factors and transform the nonstationary annual runoff series into a stationary reconstructed series. Then, the primary causes of the nonstationarity are identified by determining which factor results in the most stationary reconstructed series. The climate change factors (annual precipitation and annual average temperature) and the human activity factors (irrigation area and reservoir index) are selected as the reconstructed factors. The attribution results demonstrate that (1) both temperature rises and human activities have a significant impact on the nonstationary change, (2) the temperature is the most significant contributor to the nonstationary change in the annual runoff, which has a nonlinear impact on the first and second moments, (3) the influence of reservoir index is relatively smaller than irrigation area without considering the regulation rule, (4) the stationary precipitation series still exerts some impacts on the second moment of the annual runoff, (5) the temperature and irrigation area have some overlapped influence on annual runoff because the synchronous increase trend in the two series leads to a certain correlation between them, and the temperature rise may also lead to the adjustment of irrigation planning and management.
Water use behaviors and water access in intermittent and continuous water supply areas during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Kumpel Emily , Billava Nayaran , Nayak Nayanatara , Ercumen Ayse 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
More than one billion people worldwide receive intermittent water supply (IWS), in which water is delivered through a pipe network for fewer than 24 h/day, limiting the quantity and accessibility of water. During the COVID-19 pandemic, stay-at-home orders and efforts to limit contact with others can affect water access for those with unreliable home water supplies. We explored whether water service delivery and household water-use behaviors changed during the COVID-19 pandemic in Hubballi–Dharwad, India, and whether they differed if households had IWS or continuous (24×7) water supply through a longitudinal household survey in 2020–2021. We found few perceived differences in water service delivery or water access, although one-quarter of all households reported insufficient water for handwashing, suggesting an increased demand for water that was not satisfied. Many households with 24×7 supply reported water outages, necessitating the use of alternative water sources. These findings suggest that water demand at home increased and households with IWS and 24×7 both lacked access to sufficient water. Our findings indicate that water insecurity negatively affected households’ ability to adhere to protective public health measures during the COVID-19 pandemic and highlight the importance of access to uninterrupted, on-premise water during public health emergencies.
Harmful algal bloom-related 311 calls, Cape Coral, Florida 2018–2019
Authors: Uejio Christopher K. , Gonsoroski Elaina , Sherchan Samendra P. , Beitsch Leslie , Harville E. W. , Blackmore C. , Pan K. , Lichtveld Maureen Y. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) can adversely impact water quality and threaten human and animal health. People working or living along waterways with prolonged HAB contamination may face elevated toxin exposures and breathing complications. Monitoring HABs and potential adverse human health effects is notoriously difficult due to routes and levels of exposure that vary widely across time and space. This study examines the utility of 311 calls to enhance HAB surveillance and monitoring. The study focuses on Cape Coral, FL, USA, located along the banks of the Caloosahatchee River and Estuary and the Gulf of Mexico. The wider study area experienced a prolonged cyanobacteria bloom in 2018. The present study examines the relationship between weekly water quality characteristics (temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, microcystin-LR) and municipal requests for information or services (algal 311 calls). Each 1 μg/L increase in waterborne microcystin-LR concentrations corresponded with 9% more algal 311 calls (95% confidence interval: 1.03–1.15, p = 0.002). The results suggest water quality monitoring and the 311 dispatch systems may be further integrated to improve public health surveillance.
Granzymes as Potential Targets for Rational Drug Design
Authors: Weston G. Scott , Sindelar Robert D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract:
A family of serine proteases, the granzymes, found in the dense cytoplasmic granules of lymphocytes/granulocytes have become targets of interest for rational drug design because of their role in cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Granzymes represent potential late-stage, specific targets for immunomodulation with the promise of fewer side-effects than agents acting at earlier stages of the immune response, such as cyclosporine A (Neoral®,
Sandimmune®) and tacrolimus/FK-506 (Prograf®). Recent reports suggesting other possible biological roles for granzymes, including antigen processing and lymphocyte recruitment, and the increasing evidence for the involvement of aspartic acid-specific proteases, such as granzyme B and the interleukin converting enzyme (ICE), in apoptosis or programmed cell death pathways have increased the interest in this growing family of enzymes. This review summarizes current progress in granzyme research and outlines some of the prospects for future work in this area.
The Discovery of the Pyrrolo[1,2-a]benzimidazole Antitumor Agents - The Design of Selective Antitumor Agents
Authors: Skibo E. B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract:
This review presents the design, chemistry, cytotoxicity, and antitumor activity of agents based on the pyrrolo[1,2-a]benzimidazole ring system. The 6-aziridinyl derivatives (PSis) alkylate and cleave DNA upon two electron reduction as a result of phosphate nucleophile-mediated opening of the protonated aziridine ring. The 6-acetamido quinone (APSI) and iminoquinone (imino-APSI) derivatives do not require reductive activation to exert cytotoxicity. The 6-acetamido quinone derivatives act as
DNA intercalating agents and inhibit the first step of topoisomerase II mediated DNA relaxation. The PSis were found to exhibit high toxicity in mice with minimal antitumor activity. In contrast, the APSis showed significant increases in life spans of mice as well as activity against tumors distant from the injection site.
Effect of Resveratrol in Melinjo Seed (Gnetum gnemon L.) Extract on Type
2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients and its Possible Mechanism: A Review
Authors: Ariyanto Eko Fuji , Danil Abdan Syakura , Rohmawaty Enny , Sujatmiko Budi , Berbudi Afiat 
Published: March 2022

Background and Objective:
Diabetes mellitus is the third leading cause of death in
Indonesia (6.7 %), followed by stroke (21.1 %) and coronary heart disease (12.9 %). The prevalence
of diabetes worldwide continues to increase on a yearly basis, including in Indonesia. Diabetes
is a significant burden for many countries due to the high costs of treatment and reduced
productivity of diabetes patients. Comprehensive strategies to prevent and treat diabetes are therefore
mandatory. Oral hypoglycemic drugs are the first-line therapy for diabetes mellitus patients;
however, these oral drugs still have several side effects. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct studies
on medicinal plants with hypoglycemic effects to identify substances that have an anti-diabetic
potential resembling physiological processes in the body. Indonesian people often use herbal medicines
empirically, but the benefits have not been scientifically documented. Melinjo (Gnetum
gnemon L.) is a native Indonesian gymnosperm plant, and the seeds are often processed into food.
Melinjo seeds extract contains many polyphenols, including trans-resveratrol.

Conclusion:
Studies on the health benefits of resveratrol are widely available, including antidiabetes
and blood sugar control in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Our Whole Lives for Hypertension and Cardiac Risk Factors—Combining a Teaching Kitchen Group Visit With a Web-Based Platform: Feasibility Trial
Authors: Gardiner Paula , McGonigal Lisa , Villa Ariel , Kovell Lara C , Rohela Pallavi , Cauley Andrew , Rinker Diana , Olendzki Barbara 
Published: March 2022

Background
Hypertension (HTN) affects millions of Americans. Our Whole Lives: an eHealth toolkit for Hypertension and Cardiac Risk Factors (OWL-H) is an eHealth platform that teaches evidence-based lifestyle strategies, such mindfulness and cooking skills, to improve self-management of HTN.

Objective
The primary goal of this pilot study was to evaluate the feasibility of OWL-H combined with teaching kitchen medical group visits (TKMGVs) in a low-income population of participants with HTN.

Methods
We conducted a pre-post 8-week study to assess the feasibility of a hybrid program (a web-based 9-module self-management program, which includes mindfulness and Mediterranean and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet) accompanied by 3 in-person TKMGVs among patients with HTN. Data including demographics, platform use, and satisfaction after using OWL-H were examined. Outcome data collected at baseline and 8 weeks included the Mediterranean Diet Questionnaire, Hypertension Self-Care Profile Self-Efficacy Instrument, Blood Pressure Knowledge Questionnaire, and the number of self-reported blood pressure readings. For the statistical analysis, we used descriptive statistics, paired sample t tests (1-tailed), and qualitative methods.

Results
Of the 25 enrolled participants, 22 (88%) participants completed the study. Participants’ average age was 57 (SD 12.1) years, and 46% (11/24) of them reported a household income <US $30,000 per year. Among the 22 participants who logged in to OWL-H, the average number of mindfulness practices completed was 7 and the average number of module sessions accessed was 4. In all, 73% (16/22) of participants reported that they were “very satisfied” with using OWL-H to help manage their HTN. Participants’ blood pressure knowledge significantly increased from baseline (mean 5.58, SD 1.44) to follow-up (mean 6.13, SD 1.23; P=.03). Participants significantly increased their adherence to a Mediterranean diet from baseline (mean 7.65, SD 2.19) to follow-up (mean 9, SD 1.68; P=.004). Participants’ self-efficacy in applying heart-healthy habits, as measured by the Hypertension Self-Care Profile Self-Efficacy Instrument, increased from baseline (mean 63.67, SD 9.06) to follow-up (mean 65.54, SD 7.56; P=.14). At the 8-week follow-up, 82% (18/22) of the participants had self-reported their blood pressure on the OWL-H platform at least once during the 8 weeks.

Conclusions
The eHealth platform for HTN self-management, OWL-H, and accompanying in-person TKMGVs have the potential to effectively improve lifestyle management of HTN.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03974334; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03974334
Effectiveness of Digital Interventions for Preventing Alcohol Consumption in Pregnancy: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Oh Sarah Soyeon , Moon Jong Youn , Chon Doukyoung , Mita Carol , Lawrence Jourdyn A , Park Eun-Cheol , Kawachi Ichiro 
Published: March 2022

Background
Alcohol consumption in pregnancy has been associated with serious fetal health risks and maternal complications. While previous systematic reviews of digital interventions during pregnancy have targeted smoking cessation and flu vaccine uptake, few studies have sought to evaluate their effectiveness in preventing alcohol consumption during pregnancy.

Objective
This systematic review aims to assess (1) whether digital interventions are effective in preventing alcohol consumption during the pregnancy/pregnancy-planning period, and (2) the differential effectiveness of alternative digital intervention platforms (ie, computers, mobiles, and text messaging services).

Methods
PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and Web of Science were searched for studies with digital interventions aiming to prevent alcohol consumption among pregnant women or women planning to become pregnant. A random effects primary meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the combined effect size and extent to which different digital platforms were successful in preventing alcohol consumption in pregnancy.

Results
Six studies were identified and included in the final review. The primary meta-analysis produced a sample-weighted odds ratio (OR) of 0.62 (95% CI 0.42-0.91; P=.02) in favor of digital interventions decreasing the risk of alcohol consumption during pregnancy when compared to controls. Computer/internet-based interventions (OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.38-0.93) were an effective platform for preventing alcohol consumption. Too few studies of text messaging (OR 0.29, 95% CI 0.29-2.52) were available to draw a conclusion.

Conclusions
Overall, our review highlights the potential for digital interventions to prevent alcohol consumption among pregnant women and women planning to become pregnant. Considering the advantages of digital interventions in promoting healthy behavioral changes, future research is necessary to understand how certain platforms may increase user engagement and intervention effectiveness to prevent women from consuming alcohol during their pregnancies.
Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Memengaruhi Kualitas Tidur Pasien Lanjut Usia dengan Penyakit Kronis
Authors: Harisa Akbar , Syahrul Syahrul , Yodang Yodang , Abady Restu , Bas Abdul Gani 
Published: March 2022

Latar Belakang: Penyakit kronis merupakan isu terkait kesehatan yang lazim ditemukan pada lansia yang dapat meningkatkan tingkat morbiditas dan mortalitas pasien lansia. Kualitas tidur pasien lansia dengan penyakit kronis dapat terganggu dan dapat menimbulkan efek buruk terhadap status kesehatan. Tujuan: Menganalisis kualitas tidur beserta determinannya pada pasien lanjut usia dengan penyakit kronis di RS Unhas Makassar. Metode: Penelitian ini dilakukan secara deskriptif analitik dengan metode survey cross-sectional pada pasien lanjut usia yang terdiagnosis penyakit kronis dan sedang dalam Perawatan di RS Unhas Makassarsebanyak 40 orang. Analisis data menggunakan uji Chi-Square dan uji Mann-whitney. Hasil: Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan tidak ada pengaruh antara jumlah komorbit yang dimiliki, lama penyakit yang diderita, penggunaan obat-obatan serta status psikologis terhadap kualitas tidur pada usia lanjut. Satu-satunya risiko yang berpengaruh terhadap kualitas tidur pada penelitian ini adalah jenis kelamin dengan p value 0,049. Kualitas tidur yang buruk lebih sering terjadi ada lansia berjenis kelamin laki-laki dibandingkan dengan perempuan. Kesimpulan: Jenis kelamin merupakan prediktor terhadap kualitas tidur lansia, sedangkan faktor lainnya tidak menunjukkan signifikansinya. Untuk penelitian selanjutnya, maka penelitian dengan penetapan kriteria sampel yang lebih selektif serta melibatkan jumlah responden yang lebih besar sangat dibutuhkan.
Hubungan Gaya Koping Remaja dan Keterlibatan Orang Tua dengan Resiliensi pada Remaja Selama Pandemi COVID-19
Authors: Syamsiah Resti Ikhda , Lestari Retno , Yuliatun Laily 
Published: March 2022

Latar Belakang: Pandemi COVID-19 telah memberikan perubahan kehidupan secara drastis bagi seluruh populasi di dunia, termasuk remaja. Perubahan proses pembelajaran dari luring menjadi daring membuat remaja mengalami kehidupan yang penuh tekanan. Hasil studi pendahuluan menunjukkan tidak adanya keterlibatan orang tua selama pembelajaran daring (85,2%). Penting bagi remaja untuk dapat beradaptasi dengan tantangan pembelajaran selama pandemi agar menjadi individu yang resilien.Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan gaya koping dan keterlibatan orang tua dengan resiliensi pada remaja selama pandemi COVID-19.Metode: Desain penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan analitik korelasional dengan responden 111 siswa Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA). Lokasi penelitian dilaksanakan di SMAN 1 Jatilawang pada bulan Maret 2021. Analisis data multivariat menggunakan uji regresi linier.Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan positif antara gaya koping dengan resiliensi pada remaja dengan p < 0.001 dan ada hubungan negatif antara keterlibatan orang tua dengan resiliensi pada remaja dengan p < 0.001. Gaya koping merupakan variabel yang paling berhubungan dengan resiliensi remaja dengan nilai standardized coefficient beta 0,773.Kesimpulan: Gaya koping dan keterlibatan orang tua berpengaruh terhadap resiliensi remaja. Gaya koping merupakan faktor penentu dalam proses adaptasi positif menghadapi stress dan trauma (resiliensi) remaja selama proses pembelajaran daring.
Pendidikan Karakter Berbasis Pancasila: Paparan Sejarah Ideologi, Ideologi Pancasila dan Relevansinya di Era Digital
Authors: Hardiyanti Hardiyanti 
Published: March 2022

This article aims to give a brief explanation in the importance of incorporating Pancasila in the education in Indonesia. Pancasila as the state ideology becomes the unifying force of inspiration for the nation, which in this case strictly means ethnic group that fundamentally has distinct cultural feature that can be traced to each other’s natural state. The philosophical reflection in this article provides contemplative outlook on what is an ideology and how it materializes into some form of productivity embedded in every life of individual in the state
Expected Loan Loss Provisioning: An Empirical Model
Authors: Lu Yao , Nikolaev Valeri V. 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
The new accounting standard requires that financial institutions estimate expected credit losses on their loan portfolios. The predictability of long-term losses, however, remains an open question. We develop a model that predicts long-term loan losses and incorporates adjustments for macroeconomic forecasts. The model combines cross-sectional predictions with a high-dimensional dynamic factor model that tracks aggregate losses over the business cycle. The model predicts long-term losses out-of-sample with significantly greater accuracy than the Harris et al. (2018) model and several other alternatives. It is also more effective at detecting bank failures. We use the model to estimate the present value of expected losses and the expected loss overhang for a given bank-quarter. The estimated present values subsume information in reported allowances and in fair value disclosures about long-term losses; the evidence is also consistent with loss overhang distorting banks' decisions. The model provides a useful benchmark to study loan loss provisioning.
JEL Classifications: G21; M40; M41.
Alveolar bone thickness and height changes following incisor retraction treatment with microimplants:
Authors: Hung Bui Quang , Hong Mihee , Kyung Hee-Moon , Kim Ho-Jin 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT

Objectives
To evaluate alveolar bone remodeling following incisor retraction treatment with microimplants and to examine the relationship between crown/root distal movement and thickness/height changes of the alveolus.

Materials and Methods
A total of 24 patients (mean age, 19.29 ± 4.64 years) with bialveolar protrusion treated by incisor retraction with microimplants were included. The distances of the crown and root tip movements as well as the thickness (alveolar bone thickness [ABT]; labial, lingual, and total) and vertical level (vertical bone level [VBL]; labial and lingual) of the alveolar bone were assessed using cone-beam computed tomography images obtained before treatment (T1) and after treatment (T2). All T1 and T2 variables were compared, and further comparisons of alveolar bone changes were conducted between the two groups based on the distance of the crown (low-crown-movement and high-crown-movement groups) and root movements (low-root-movement and high-root-movement groups). To determine the correlation of the crown or root movement with the variables of alveolar bone changes, Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated.

Results
Significant differences were found in all VBL and ABT variables after treatment in both jaws but not in total ABT. Based on the crown and root movements, alveolar bone change significantly differed between the root-movement groups, whereas there was no significant difference between the crown-movement groups. In addition, root movement showed significant correlations with the variables.

Conclusions
Remarkable changes in the height and thickness of alveolar bone were found after microimplant-aided incisor retraction treatment in all groups except for total ABT. Root movement was significantly correlated with the alveolar bone changes.