bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of suspected adverse drug reactions of oral anti-diabetic drugs in a tertiary care hospital of Bihar, India: An observational study
Authors: Kumar Pankaj , Hameed Saajid , Kumar Manish , Mohan Lalit , Dikshit Harihar 
Published: April 2022

Diabetic patients generally require life-long treatment and continuous follow up. In spite of their benefit of achieving glycemic control, there are many safety concerns with antidiabetic drugs such as gastrointestinal side effects, metabolic complications, central nervous system (CNS) symptoms, musculo-skeletal problems, genito-urinary disorders like UTI, development of peripheral oedema, weight gain etc. To highlight pattern of Adverse Drug Reactions with use of oral anti-diabetic drugs.All suspected Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Form having any anti-diabetic drug as suspected cause of ADR were collected. The reported ADRs on the notification forms, after being confirmed by the physician-in-charge, were assessed for causality using WHO-UMC Causality Categories14, preventability using Modified-Schumock and Thornton scale15 and severity using Modified Hartwig and Siegel scale.: The data from the forms was presented in tabular form and data will be interpreted by using Microsoft Excel 365 software. Adverse drug reaction related to gastrointestinal system were most reported ADRs (41.31%). Among GI adverse events, nausea was mostly reported ADR and it was mostly associated with DPP-4 inhibitors. Hypoglycemia was most frequently observed in patients taking sulfonylureas. Causality assessment according to WHO-UMC criteria showed 61.68% ADRs had probable causality while 37.43% had possible causality and only 0.90% had certain causality. Most of the ADRs in our study were non-preventable (57.78%) & were of mild to moderate grade. Hypoglycemia continues to be major concern in patients taking anti-diabetic medications and sulfonylureas were commonest drugs responsible for it. As anti-diabetic medication is generally taken for lifetime, the risk of development of adverse effects related to concurrent related co-morbidities of patients shouldn’t be ignored while prescribing. The physician should report these adverse effects to ADR monitoring centre, so that proper signal could be generated for the welfare of the society.
A comparative study of the outcomes of fixation of fractures of distal femur by femoralnailing vs distal femoral locking compression plate
Authors: Ratanam K. Raja , Singh Jhatoth Dhoom 
Published: April 2022

: Distal femoral fractures are much less common than hip fractures and account for 7 % of all femoral fractures. To determine the fracture characteristics (AO type, Muller’s classification). To study the advantages of fixation with distal femoral locking compression plates and retrograde intramedullary supracondylar nailing. The present comparative study was conducted between May 2019 to November 2020 in department of othropeadics. Sample size of 30 patients presenting with supracondylar fractures of the femur were treated by distal femoral locking compression plates, dynamic condylar screws and retrograde supra condylar nailing.Out of 30 cases those treated by supracondylar nail had an average healing time of 14.8 weeks and those treated by locking compression plate had an average healing time of 15.9. Among the 30 cases of supracondylar fracture fixed by supracondylar nail 14 were scored as good and one was scored as excellent, whereas those fixed by locking compression plate 14 were scored as good and 1 cases was scored as fair. Out of 30 cases of supracondylar fracture fixed none had any intraoperative complications barring one which had break of drill bit intraoperatively and stayed insitu to the bone, there were no intances of surgical wound infections. The intraoperative blood loss was significantly lower when the fractures were fixed by supracondylar nail which averaged to 150ml when compared to the fixations by locking compression plate which averages to 300ml.The supracondylar nail is more ideal when compared to the distal femoral locking compression plate as there is less operation time, less blood loss, more range of movement, less soft tissue stripping & faster radiological union when compared to the distal femoral locking compression plate. Fracture personality & soft tissue quality.
Posterior fossa midline mass lesions clinicopathological study and management
Authors: Rao P Narasinga , Rajamohan B 
Published: April 2022

Some of the most severe brain cancers are tumors in the posterior fossa. This is due to the small space available in the posterior fossa, as well as the possibility of essential brainstem nuclei involvement.: To assess the clinicopathological trends of posterior fossa midline mass lesions and to assess the outcome of the patients following surgery. This is a prospective study done in the patients admitted with posterior cranial fossa midline mass lesions who underwent surgical treatment in department of Neurosurgery. Patients were evaluated with regard Age, Sex, Clinical, Radiological and Pathological status at presentation, admission, during and after treatment. : Incidence rate of midline mass lesions in posterior fossa is 34.6%. Common age group of occurrence of posterior midline lesions is less than 10 years. Posterior fossa midline lesions are more common in males. The common sites of origin of posterior fossa midline lesions are the Vermis of Cerebellum and fourth ventricle. Most common pathological types are Medulloblastoma and Pilocytic astrocytoma. About 29.6% of posterior fossa midline lesions require CSF diversion prior to definitive surgery. Recurrence is noted in two cases one in brainstem astrocytoma and another in medulloblastoma. Mortality is noted in 18.5% cases of posterior fossa midline mass lesions. Prognosis is good in patients with total excision. This drives the surgeon to go for total excision.
Liver abscess: A case study
Authors: Nishanth S. , Nikitha G , Ruchitha D. 
Published: April 2022

Liver abscess is a suppurative lesion in the liver formed as a result of invasion and multiplication of microorganisms which gain access by entering directly from an injury through the blood vessels or by the biliary ductal system/ septicemia, direct infection latrogenic & cryptogenic.It can be diagnosed by comparing the lab values with the diseased condition such as hemoglobin (10.9g/dl), neutrophils (83), ESR (120mm), Serum albumin (3.4g/dl), ALP (245U/L), Gamma GT (347U/L), prothrombin time (25.2 seconds), APTT (37.9 seconds).By performing the above tests, we have confirmed that the patient was suffering from liver abscess.
Prevalence of Dysphonia in Patients with COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Aghaz Alireza , Shahriyari Arash , Panahiaboozar Shiva , Jadidi Hossein , Khoshgoftar Mohadeseh , Choupani Edris , Hemmati Ehsan 
Published: April 2022

Introduction: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of dysphonia in patients with COVID-19.Materials and Methods: English and Persian studies that reported dysphonia in patients with COVID-19 were included. Review and case report studies were excluded. We searched Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus from January 1, 2020, to July 15, 2021. The prevalence of dysphonia was obtained by combining the results and weighing the sample sizes in the corresponding studies. Heterogeneity was evaluated using the Cochran Q test and I2Results: Of the 1830 articles identified, 7 studies (n=1410 patients) were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of dysphonia was 31% (%95CI: 13%-48%). The prevalence rates of dysphonia in men and women with COVID-19 were 28.2% (%95CI: 14%-46%) and 32.8% (%95CI: 22%-45%), respectively.Conclusion: Because of the design of the included studies, the reliability of the results is limited. There was notable heterogeneity in the data, not because of publication bias, but rather the small sample sizes or the heterogeneity of the COVID-19 disease. About one-third of patients with COVID-19 may have dysphonia as the only symptom. Therefore, one should even be careful in approaching those who have only dysphonia.
The Effects of a Professional Ethics Workshop on the Knowledge of Rehabilitation Students in Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Iran
Authors: Noorimombeyni Nasibeh , Shaterzadeh Yazdi Mohammad Jafar , Karimi Mehrnoosh , Akbari Meimanat , Bayat Arash , Orakifar Neda , Hamedi Dorsa , Delphi Maryam , Jahantabinejad Seifollah , Soltani Majid , Ghasemzadeh Roya , Zahednejad Shahla , Zamani Peyman , Tavakoli Mojtaba , Taheri Fatemeh , Hosseini Bidokhti Masoumeh , Jamshidi Farkhondeh , Moradi Negin 
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Professional ethics in Rehabilitation Sciences is necessary for achieving therapeutic goals. Considering the importance of professional ethics training for rehabilitation students, we aimed to investigate the effects of a professional ethics workshop on improving the students’ ethical knowledge at Ahvaz Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ahvaz City, Iran.Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental, cross-sectional study was conducted on all third- and fourth-year students in Audiology, Physiotherapy, Occupational therapy, and Speech therapy and the postgraduate students of the faculty. The two-day workshop was held for 16 hours. The students completed an ethical knowledge assessment test designed by the faculty members before and after the workshop.Results: The data of 206 students (26% male and 74% female), with a mean age of 25.68 years, were analyzed in this study. The Mean±SD scores of the ethical knowledge test before and after the workshop were 4.71±1.84 and 7.02±1.42, respectively. Based on the results, the ethical knowledge of the students increased significantly after the workshop (P<0.001). Improvement of ethical knowledge scores was significantly different between educational levels (P=0.033). Also, the improvement of ethical knowledge score was significantly different among various study fields (P=0.007).Conclusion: Considering the promotion of students’ ethical knowledge through participation in this workshop, it is suggested that an ethical workshop be held upon the entry of all rehabilitation students into the clinical field.
Language Screening in Toddlers with Cleft Lips and or Palates: A Pilot Study
Authors: Jalilevand Nahid , Tarameshlu Maryam , Moein Narges , Bordbar Arash 
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Children with cleft lips and or palates are at risk for speech and language disorders. Early speech and language intervention help them to advance their full speech and language abilities. This study aimed to determine whether language abilities in toddlers with oral clefts would differ from those of normal children.Materials and Methods: The study recruited 2 groups of children aged 12 to 24 months. The toddlers with cleft lips and or palates as a group of children with orofacial anomalies were born at Shahid Akbar-Abadi Hospital from March 2017 to March 2019 in Tehran City, Iran. The parents of non cleft children and those with oral clefts answered the questions of the verbal and non-verbal communication screening checklist for Persian-speaking children.Results: The results showed significant differences between the scores of the receptive-expressive language achieved by toddlers with clefts and non-clefts peers aged 12-18 months (P<0.05) and 18-24 months (P<0.05). But the results showed no significant differences between the non cleft toddlers and those with clefts in non-verbal communication (P>0.05).Conclusion: The toddlers with orofacial anomalies need early speech and language intervention.
Coping and Emotional Styles in Mothers of Children with Hearing Impairment
Authors: Safari Zohre , Khoramshahi Hassan , Bassak Nejad Soodabeh , Dastoorpoor Maryam , Moradi Negin 
Published: April 2022

Introduction: The unique long-term challenges that families of children with hearing impairment experience put them at greater risk for increasing parental stress levels. This study seeks whether children’s hearing impairment affects their mothers’ emotional and coping styles with stressful situations.Materials and Methods: The coping inventory for stressful situations and the maternal emotional styles questionnaire were distributed among 108 mothers of hearing-impaired children and an equal number of mothers of normal children.Results: In the task-oriented, distraction, and social diversion styles, the mean scores of the mothers of healthy children were significantly higher than those of the mothers of hearing-impaired children. Regarding the emotion-oriented style, the mean score of the mothers of hearing-impaired children was significantly higher than that of the mothers of healthy children. With regard to the emotional coaching style, the mean score of the mothers of healthy children was significantly higher than that of the mothers of hearing-impaired children. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in the mean score of emotional dismissing.Conclusion: It seems that mothers of hearing-impaired children use less effective coping and emotional styles that have adverse consequences for mothers and their children’s development.
Investigation of Flexion-Relaxation Ratio Symmetry in Subjects with and without Non-Specific Chronic Neck Pain
Authors: Shamsi Hasan , Khademi Khosro , Okhovatian Farshad 
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Neuromuscular imbalance between right and left sides of Cervical Erector Spinae (CES) muscles can induce pain by applying the asymmetric loads on the spine incorrectly. This study evaluated the symmetry of the right and left cervical flexion-relaxation ratio (FRR) in patients with Non-Specific Chronic Neck Pain (NSCNP) and healthy subjects.We aimed to investigate the symmetry of FRR on the right and left sides of the CES muscles in individuals with and without NSCNP.Materials and Methods: A total of 25 patients with NSCNP and 25 healthy subjects participated in this study. The surface electromyography activity of CES muscles during four phases of flexion and extension tasks were measured and recorded. Unilateral FRR in the right and left sides of CES muscles was calculated and compared in each group.Results: Only in NSCNP patients, FRR in the right CES muscle was significantly higher than that in the left one (P<0.05). Also, FRR for bilateral CES muscles was significantly higher in healthy subjects than in NSCNP patients (P<0.001).Conclusion: The study results indicated a greater FRR asymmetry in CES muscles in NSCNP patients than in healthy subjects. This asymmetry is probably due to the dominance of the limb. Moreover, asymmetric FRR as a kind of neuromuscular imbalance may cause pain due to imposing asymmetric loads on spine structures.
Effects of Aloysia citriodora Hydroalcoholic Extract on Ethanol-induced Hepatotoxicity in Male Wistar Rats
Authors: Habibi Emran , Talebpour Amiri Fereshteh , Mokhatari Mehdi , Shaki Fatemeh 
Published: April 2022

Background: Chronic ethanol consumption presents toxic effects on liver tissue by inducing oxidative stress and inflammation. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of lemon verbena were established.
Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of the hydroalcoholic extract of Aloysia citriodora (A. citriodora) on ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity in male rats by evaluating inflammatory and oxidative stress factors.
Methods: The study animals were randomly divided into 7 groups, (6/group) including control, extract alone (400mg/kg), ethanol 10 mg/kg, vitamin C 500 mg/kg + ethanol 10 mg/kg, and the fifth, sixth and seventh groups respectively received an intraperitoneal injection of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg of A. citriodora extract plus ethanol once a day for 6 weeks. Oxidative stress parameters, such as glutathione content, lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyl, and reactive oxygen species were measured. Furthermore, inflammation parameters (nitric oxide) and liver damage were evaluated by determining the levels of liver enzymes including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and histopathological examinations.
Results: In the liver tissue of the ethanol-receiving group, a significant increase (P<0.001) was observed in ALT, AST, and ALP levels and pathological changes, compared to the control group. There was also a significant increase in the levels of oxidative stress and inflammatory factors. Interestingly, A. citriodora extract could inhibit ethanol-induced liver damage by suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation.
Conclusion: A. citriodora extract significantly attenuated inflammation and oxidative stress caused by ethanol. Therefore, it can be suggested as a beneficial supplement for treating ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity.
Pharmacognostic and Physico-chemical Investigation of Barleria cristata Linn. (Leaf) for Quality Control Assessment
Authors: Chandra Joshi Bhuwan , Panthri Neha , Prasad Nondita , Kaur Virk Jaswinder 
Published: April 2022

Background: Barleria cristata Linn. belongs to the family Acanthaceae and is commonly known as Raktajhinti and VajraDanti. It is widely distributed in countries, such as India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Asian tropical regions. This plant has been observed to bear multifarious ethnomedical uses in treating lung disorders, inflammatory conditions, toothache, anemia, and snakebite. A wide range of major chemical constituents, such as triterpenes, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and glycosides are reported to be present in this plant. The plant exhibited diverse pharmacological actions, such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant activities. The literature revealed insufficient information concerning the standardization of Barleria cristata Linn.
Objectives: The present study aimed to explore the pharmacognostic and phytochemical characteristics of Barleria cristata Linn. (leaf).
Methods: The present study addressed quality control parameters, including loss on drying, ash values, extractive values, pharmacognostic parameters (e.g. macroscopic & microscopic characters and powder microscopy) as per the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines.
Results: Biochemical analysis revealed total ash (16.11±0.38), acid insoluble ash (1.50±0.18), water-soluble ash (11.10±0.23), alcohol-soluble extractive (19.34±0.79), and water-soluble extractive (25.06±0.17), respectively. The transverse section of the leaf revealed the presence of the epidermis, covering trichomes, vascular bundle, and so on. The other parameters such as phytochemical investigation, fluorescence analysis, and thin-layer chromatography were also performed to explore the crucial values of these examinations.
Conclusion: The obtained data would be useful in the future for preparing a monograph for the authentication and standardization of this crude drug.
Enhancing the Rational Use of Albumin and Intra-venous Pantoprazole in Hospitals by Implementing Pharmaceutical Guidelines in Hospitals: A Quasi-experimental study
Authors: Sharifi Nader , Kohpeima Jahromi Vahid , Raoofi Rahim , Rahmanian Mohamad , Zahedi Razieh 
Published: April 2022

Background: Irrational use of drugs is a serious global problem, especially in developing countries. Scientific evidence has announced albumin and intravenous pantoprazole as expensive drugs, i.e., relatively irrationally applied in hospitals without following the guidelines.
Objectives: Considering health cost management policy in Iran, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of implementing pharmaceutical guidelines to rationalize and reduce the use of albumin and intravenous pantoprazole and the related inappropriate costs.
Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted from January 2016 to October 2018 in two teaching Hospitals in Jahrom City, Iran. Pharmaceutical guidelines were implemented throughout the physical training as well as a pharmacist-led intervention and supervising. All inpatient prescriptions of the studied medicines were evaluated.
Results: Before conducting the intervention (June 2016), an average of 357 albumin vials were monthly used; after performing the interventions, 166 and 167 vials were used in 2017 and 2018, respectively. Reduced albumin use rate equaled 48%, i.e., significant (P=0.002). Annual cost-saving was estimated to be 25000 USD. In comparison to the previous year, there were 46% and 70% reductions in the mean number of pantoprazole vials prescribed in 2017 and 2018, respectively (P=0.005).Consuming pantoprazole was measured to be 1457 vials per month in 2017 and 795 in 2018, i.e., significant (P=0.002). Cost-Saving in intravenous pantoprazole was estimated to be 16000 USD in 2017 and 25000 USD in 2018.
Conclusion: Prescription strategies, such as pharmaceutical guidelines with educational measures, pharmacist-led intervention, monitoring the prescribing drug, and feedback to prescribers can significantly decrease the inappropriate use of expensive drugs and their costs.
A necessidade de aprender sobre as tecnologias digitais de informação e comunicação e os impactos na saúde mental dos professores
Authors: Almeida Alves dos Santos Sabrina , Nakamoto Paula , Leonardo Pereira Rufino Hugo 
Published: April 2022

Com a pandemia do COVID-19, devido à necessidade do ensino remoto, o professor precisou aprender a usar as TDIC para melhor desenvolvimento das suas atividades de ensino. A urgência de continuar com as aulas, seguindo o imperativo de que “não podemos parar”, a corrida pela aprendizagem de alguma TDIC muita angústia, sofrimento e estresse. Assim sendo, ensinar o profesor a manusear as tecnologias que melhor se encaixam na sua demanda de ensino pode ser um desafio. Muitos profissionais tiveram que aprender em poucos dias o que deveria ser ensinado no decorrer da sua formação. Essa aprendizagem “corrida” trouxe incerteza para estes profissionais que estavam inseguros na utilização e aplicação das tecnologias necessárias para suas aulas. Dessa maneira, o objetivo desse artigo é investigar (através de pesquisa bibliográfica) como a saúde mental do professor pode ser comprometida devido à exacerbada cobrança de que o mesmo detenha o conhecimento das TDIC, mesmo não utilizando-as. Durante este estudo, foi possível realizar um levantamento das doenças que mais acometeram os professores durante o isolamento social, sendo estas a depressão, ansiedade e o estresse. O que se pode concluir perante este estudo é que devido à pandemia do COVID-19, essas doenças apresentam índices alarmantes.
Forecasting inflation in Turkey: A comparison of time-series and machine learning models
Authors: Akbulut Hale 
Published: April 2022

Purpose: This paper aims to test the accuracy of some Machine Learning (ML) models in forecasting inflation in the case of Turkey and to give a new and also complementary approach to time series models. Methods: This paper forecasts inflation in Turkey by using time-series and machine learning (ML) models. The data is spanning from the period 2006:M1 to 2020:M12. Findings: According to our findings, although the linear-based Ridge and Lasso regression algorithms perform worse than the VAR model, the multilayer perceptron algorithm gives satisfactory results that are close to the results of the time series algorithm. In this direction, non-linear machine learning models are thought to be a reliable complementary method for estimating inflation in emerging economies. It is also predicted that it can be considered as an alternative method as the amount of data and computational power increase. Implication: The findings are expected to be useful as a guide for central banks and policy-makers in emerging economies with volatile inflation rates. Originality: We evaluate the forecasting performance of ML models against each other and a time series model, and investigate possible improvements upon the naive model. So, this is the first study in the field, which uses both linear and nonlinear ML methods to make a comparison with the time series inflation forecasts for Turkey.