bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monitoring cetacean occurrence and variability in ambient sound in Scottish offshore waters
Authors: van Geel Nienke C. F. , Risch Denise , Benjamins Steven , Brook Tom , Culloch Ross M. , Edwards Ewan W. J. , Stevens Connie , Wilson Ben 
Published: August 2022

The characterisation of marine soundscapes allows observation of spatiotemporal distribution of vocalising species and human activities, which can inform an assessment of their interactions. Such data are important for monitoring the ecological status of marine habitats. The Scottish Atlantic Frontier is an important habitat for a variety of cetacean species. Historic whaling has heavily impacted several species inhabiting these waters and current comprehensive information about seasonal occurrence and distribution is lacking for all species. This study presents year-round passive acoustic monitoring data from ten sites in this understudied region. The three most offshore sites were examined for baleen whale vocalisations, and four species were regularly detected. Fin whale detections peaked from October to January and were at their lowest during May and June. Humpback whale song was detected as early as January but showed a strong seasonal peak in March and April. In contrast, minke whales were detected regularly throughout the year but with a peak in detections from October to November, when sei whales were also detected. All monitoring sites showed frequent occurrence of odontocete echolocation clicks and whistles. Comprised mainly of delphinid vocalisations, whistles and clicks were detected on an almost-daily basis among the offshore sites, with a slight reduction in detections from May to July particularly among the more inshore sites. Ambient sound levels (root-mean-square sounds pressure level; SPL) varied by site and season in relation to species presence, anthropogenic contributions, and environmental conditions. Monthly median SPL across the array varied up to 18 dB within 1/3-octave bands. Throughout the year, variability in median SPL was lowest in the higher frequency bands (&gt;10 kHz), while highest variability was found between January to July in specific lower frequency bands (&lt;1 kHz). Results from this study demonstrate the value of passive acoustic data in providing novel baseline information about cetacean occurrence and distribution in Scottish offshore habitats where data are limited and outdated. The results will feed into statutory reporting on underwater noise, support the identification and designation of future marine protected areas for cetaceans, and help guide management of future human-marine mammal interactions in Scottish offshore waters.
Assessing for cryptorchidism via telehealth is not always accurate: A Paediatric cohort study
Authors: McBride Craig A. , Patel Bhaveshkumar , Xu Eileen , Bairagi Anjana 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundCryptorchidism is the most common referral to our paediatric surgical telehealth service. There is a paucity of literature on this condition in a telehealth context. We wished to determine the accuracy of telehealth in the diagnosis of cryptorchidism, and to examine for any predictors that may increase diagnostic confidence.MethodsRetrospective analysis of a consecutive cohort from November 2009 (start of service) to December 31st 2021. Data from telehealth were compared against eventual surgical outcomes.ResultsThere were 387 consecutive patients seen, resulting in 335 bookings for orchidopexy. 69/327 patients presenting for operation did not have an orchidopexy performed. Operations did not proceed as booked for 37% of children. Referrals for bilateral cryptorchidism were more likely to be normal on face to face review. The average round-trip distance for families from home to hospital, and back, was 948km.ConclusionsTelehealth is not an accurate method for assessing cryptorchidism. Operations were cancelled for 1 in 5 children, and altered for 3 in 8. Travel distances for families were significant. The inaccuracy of telehealth for assessing cryptorchidism must balance inconvenience for families against disruption to elective operating lists.
Poor bone mineral density aggravates adjacent segment's motility compensation in patients with oblique lumbar interbody fusion with and without pedicle screw fixation: An in silico study
Authors: Huang Chen-Yi , Zhang Zi-Fan , Zhang Xiao-Yu , Liu Fei , Fang Zhong-Xin , Xi Zhi-Peng , Li Jing-Chi 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveMotility compensation increases the risk of adjacent segment diseases (ASDs). Previous studies have demonstrated that patients with ASD have a poor bone mineral density (BMD), and changes in BMD affect the biomechanical environment of bones and tissues, possibly leading to an increase in ASD incidence. However, whether poor BMD increases the risk of ASD by aggravating the motility compensation of the adjacent segment remains unclear. The present study aimed to clarify this relationship in oblique lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF) models with different BMDs and additional fixation methods.MethodsStand-alone (S-A) OLIF and OLIF fixed with bilateral pedicle screws (BPS) were simulated in the L4–L5 segment of our well-validated lumbosacral model. Range of motions (ROMs) and stiffness in the surgical segment and at the cranial and caudal sides’ adjacent segments were computed under flexion, extension, and unilateral bending and axial rotation loading conditions.ResultsUnder most loading conditions, the motility compensation of both cranial and caudal segments adjacent to the OLIF segment steeply aggravated with BMD reduction in S-A and BPS OLIF models. More severe motility compensation of the adjacent segment was observed in BPS models than in S-A models. Correspondingly, the surgical segment's stiffness of S-A models was apparently lower than that of BPS models (S-A models showed higher ROMs and lower stiffness in the surgical segment).ConclusionPoor BMD aggravates the motility compensation of adjacent segments after both S-A OLIF and OLIF with BPS fixation. This variation may cause a higher risk of ASD in OLIF patients with poor BMD. S-A OLIF cannot provide instant postoperative stability; therefore, the daily motions of patients with S-A OLIF should be restricted before ideal interbody fusion to avoid surgical segment complications.
The clinical efficacy of collagen dressing on chronic wounds: A meta-analysis of 11 randomized controlled trials
Authors: Shu Hongxin , Xia Zhiyu , Qin Xuan , Wang Xiaowei , Lu Weihang , Luo Qingyu , Zhang Zhenxiong , Xiong Xiaowei 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveThis study aims to evaluate the clinical efficacy of collagen dressing for patients with chronic wounds.Materials and methodsRelevant randomized controlled trials were searched from the databases such as PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane library as of January 2022. For dichotomous outcomes and continuous outcomes, risk ratio and mean difference were calculated, respectively. Subgroup analysis was performed according to the type of chronic ulcer and follow-up. In addition, trial sequential analysis (TSA) was performed to further verify the results. Jadad score was used to assess the quality of trials. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) was utilized to assess the level of evidence for outcomes.ResultsIn 11 studies, a total of 961 patients of whom 485 were in the collagen group. Compared with standard of care (SOC) alone, the group that added an extra collagen dressing achieved a higher wound healing rate (Risk Ratio = 1.53; 95% CI, 1.33–1.77). The collagen group also showed a higher healing velocity than the SOC group (Mean Difference, 2.69; 95% CI, 0.87–4.51). In addition, the adverse events related to dressing between the two groups were similar (Risk Ratio = 0.67; 95% CI, 0.44–1.01).ConclusionCollagen dressing increases the wound healing rate and may be an effective and safe treatment for chronic wound management. However, more extensive research shall be conducted to substantiate these results.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=245728, identifier: CRD42021245728.
Timing of Organ Procurement From Brain-Dead Donors Associates With Short- and Long-Term Outcomes After Liver Transplantation
Authors: Eerola Verner , Helanterä Ilkka , Åberg Fredrik , Lempinen Marko , Mäkisalo Heikki , Nordin Arno , Isoniemi Helena , Sallinen Ville 
Published: August 2022

Brain death-induced cytokine storm is thought to harm transplantable organs. However, longer procurement times have been associated with non-inferior or better outcomes in kidney, heart, and lung transplants, while optimal procurement time for liver allografts is unknown. Our aim was to analyze the association of time interval from brain death to organ procurement with liver allograft outcomes in two nationwide cohorts. The association of procurement interval with graft survival and short-term complications was analysed in multivariable models. Altogether 643 and 58,017 orthotopic liver transplantations from brain-dead donors were included from Finland between June 2004 and December 2017 and the US between January 2008 and August 2018, respectively. Median time from brain death to organ procurement was 10.5 h in Finland and 34.6 h in the US. Longer interval associated with better graft survival (non-linearly, p = 0.016) and less acute rejections (OR 0.935 95% CI 0.894–0.978) in the US cohort, and better early allograft function (p = 0.005; Beta −0.048 95% CI −0.085 −(−0.011)) in the Finnish cohort, in multivariable models adjusted with Donor Risk Index, recipient age, Model for End-Stage Liver Disease and indication for transplantation. Progressive liver injury after brain death is unlikely. Rushing to recover seems unnecessary; rest and repair might prove beneficial.
Venom Variation of Neonate and Adult Chinese Cobras in Captivity Concerning Their Foraging Strategies
Authors: Nie Xuekui , Chen Qianzi , Wang Chen , Huang Wangxiang , Lai Ren , Lu Qiumin , He Qiyi , Yu Xiaodong 
Published: August 2022

The venom and transcriptome profile of the captive Chinese cobra (Naja atra) is not characterized until now. Here, LC-MS/MS and illumine technology were used to unveil the venom and trascriptome of neonates and adults N. atra specimens. In captive Chinese cobra, 98 co-existing transcripts for venom-related proteins was contained. A total of 127 proteins belong to 21 protein families were found in the profile of venom. The main components of snake venom were three finger toxins (3-FTx), snake venom metalloproteinase (SVMP), cysteine-rich secretory protein (CRISP), cobra venom factor (CVF), and phosphodiesterase (PDE). During the ontogenesis of captive Chinese cobra, the rearrangement of snake venom composition occurred and with obscure gender difference. CVF, 3-FTx, PDE, phospholipase A2 (PLA2) in adults were more abundant than neonates, while SVMP and CRISP in the neonates was richer than the adults. Ontogenetic changes in the proteome of Chinese cobra venom reveals different strategies for handling prey. The levels of different types of toxin families were dramatically altered in the wild and captive specimens. Therefore, we speculate that the captive process could reshape the snake venom composition vigorously. The clear comprehension of the composition of Chinese cobra venom facilitates the understanding of the mechanism of snakebite intoxication and guides the preparation and administration of traditional antivenom and next-generation drugs for snakebite.
DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF PRODUCTION PROCESSES IN DAIRY CATTLE FARMING IN THE LENINGRAD REGION
Authors: ШУЛЬГИН И.К. , ЛУЖНЯК В.Д. , СУРОВЦЕВ В.Н. , ХАЗАНОВ В.Е. , ГОРДЕЕВ В.В. 
Published: August 2022

Проанализированы тенденции научных исследований, практических разработок и освоения в мире, России и Ленинградской области цифровых технологий мониторинга и контроля здоровья, а также физиологического состояния коров молочного направления продуктивности. Анализ внедрения их в молочное скотоводство Ленинградской области позволил выявить тесную взаимосвязь концентрации поголовья и уровня молочной продуктивности с освоением в хозяйствах систем автоматического сбора данных, использованием датчиков и сенсоров различных типов в управлении стадом. Определено, что к объектам цифровизации в молочном животноводстве Ленинградской области можно отнести крупные молочные комплексы (свыше 800 гол.), на которых производится более 75% молока, где применяют в основном импортное доильное оборудование, оснащенное цифровыми системами сбора и обработки информации об индивидуальных надоях животных, датчики и сенсоры, определяющие состояние здоровья коров, половую охоту и другие зооветеринарные признаки. На основе анализа основных производственных показателей (поголовье, надой, информация об используемых датчиках, электронных автоматических весах) хозяйства Ленинградской области, производившие в 2021 году более 95% молока в регионе, были разделены на группы по поголовью и продуктивности. Оценено внедрение цифровых технологий в зависимости от продуктивности, поголовья и способа содержания животных.
The tendencies of research, practical design and development of digital technologies for monitoring and control of health and physiological condition of dairy cows in the world, Russia and the Leningrad region have been analyzed. The analysis of the process of their mastering in dairy cattle breeding in the Leningrad region has revealed the close interconnection between the processes of herd concentration and milk productivity level and the development of automatic data collection systems in farms and the use of various types of sensors in herd management. It is determined that the objects of digitalization in dairy cattle breeding in the Leningrad region can include large dairy complexes (over 800 head), where more than 75% of milk is produced. The complexes mainly use imported milking equipment with digital systems for collecting and processing information on individual milk yields, detector and sensors on the state of health of cows, estrus and other zooveterinary traits. Based on the analysis of the main production indicators for the farms of the Leningrad region, which produced more than 95% of the milk in the region in 2021, such as herd size, milk yield, information on the sensors used, electronic automatic scales, the farms were divided into groups by livestock and productivity. The introduction of digital technologies depending on the productivity, livestock and type of animal housing was evaluated.
PRODUCTIVITY, REPRODUCTIVE CAPACITY AND UDDER QUALITY OF CAUCASIAN BROWN AND CROSSBRED COWS IN THE MOUNTAINOUS PROVINCE
Authors: ЧАВТАРАЕВ Р.М. 
Published: August 2022

Приведены данные о результатах скрещивания кавказских бурых коров с быком швицкой породы в горной провинции Республики Дагестан. По методу аналогов были сформированы опытная и контрольная группы телок по 10 голов. Изучены воспроизводительная способность, морфологические признаки вымени и молочная продуктивность кавказских бурых и помесных коров по 5 лактациям. Прилитие крови швицкой породы способствовало повышению живой массы телок и коров, молочной продуктивности и улучшению морфологических признаков вымени. Некоторые различия в пользу помесей выявлены и в показателях воспроизводительной способности. При плодотворной случке живая масса помесных телок была больше на 7,5 кг. Продолжительность стельности первотелок контрольной группы была на 2 дня меньше. При балльной оценке вымени установлено, что по всем признакам помесные первотелки превзошли чистопородных. Разница, по общей оценке, у помесей была больше на 0,56 балла. Средняя продолжительность межотельного периода у помесей была больше на 4 дня, сервис-периода — на 2 дня и сухостойного периода — на 3 дня. Живая масса помесных коров по 5-й лактации оказалась выше на 11,3 кг. В среднем по 5 лактациям помесные животные имели превосходство по удою на 190,7 кг, по выходу жира — на 6,8 кг и белка — на 6,1 кг.
Data on the results of crossing Caucasian brown cows with a bull of the Swiss breed in the mountainous province of the Republic of Dagestan are presented. According to the method of analogues, experimental and control groups of heifers of 10 heads were formed. Reproductive capacity, morphological features of udder and milk productivity of Caucasian brown and crossbred cows for 5 lactation were studied. The infusion of the blood of the Swiss breed contributed to an increase in the live weight of heifers and cows, milk productivity and improvement of the morphological characteristics of the udder. Some differences in favor of crossbreeds were also revealed in the indicators of reproductive ability. With fruitful mating, the live weight of crossbred heifers was 7.5 kg more. The duration of pregnancy of the first heifers of the control group was 2 days less. With a point assessment of the udder, it was found that by all signs, crossbreed first-born heifers surpassed purebred ones. The difference, according to the general assessment, in the crossbreeds was more by 0.56 points. The average duration of the inter-hotel period for the crossbreeds was longer by 4 days, the service period by 2 days and the dry period by 3 days. The live weight of crossbred cows on the 5th lactation was 11.3 kg higher. On average, for 5 lactations, crossbred animals had an advantage in milk yield by 190.7 kg, in fat yield — by 6.8 kg and protein — by 6.1 kg.
EFFECT OF HIGHLY DISPERSED SILICA NANOPARTICLES ON THE FERTILITY OF BOS TAURUS OOCYTES THAT HAVE FINISHED THE GROWTH PHASE IN VIVO OR IN VITRO
Authors: КУЗЬМИНА Т.И. , ТАТАРСКАЯ Д.Н. 
Published: August 2022

Модернизированы система созревания и режим культивирования донорских ооцитов Bos Taurus, оцененных на момент их извлечения из антральных фолликулов как растущие [ВСВ(-)] или завершившие фазу роста [ВСВ(+)]. Эксперименты выполнены на ооцитах из овариальных фолликулов (Ǿ 2—6 мм) яичников коров и половозрелых телок. До культивирования гаметы подвергались ВСВ-тестированию для определения функционального статуса ооцита. Среды для культивирования в опытных группах дополняли наночастицами высокодисперсного кремнезема (нВДК) в концентрации 0,001%, что обеспечило высокий выход ооцитов (65—92%), реинициировавших мейоз через 30 ч культивирования, во всех группах эксперимента. Использование нВДК в качестве добавки в среду созревания ооцитов, не завершивших фазу роста in vivo, и пролонгирование времени культивирования до 30 ч позволило значительно увеличить долю созревших ооцитов и уровень раздробившихся клеток (от 42 до 69% и от 16 до 37%, соответственно). Представленный в исследовании модернизированный протокол созревания ВСВ(-)- ооцитов коров in vitro (внесение в среду культивирования нВДК в концентрации 0,001% и пролонгация времени культивирования до 30 ч) позволяет увеличить выход яйцеклеток, компетентных к созреванию и получению из них эмбрионов на стадии бластоцисты (от 5% до 22%), а также число высококачественных гамет с перспективой их использования в клеточной и генетической инженерии.
The culture system and culture mode of growing [ВСВ(-)] or fully grown [ВСВ(+)] Bos Taurus oocytes were modernized. Oocytes from ovarian follicles (Ǿ 2—6 mm) of cows and matured heifers were used in the experiment. Before culture gametes were estimated with BCB-test for the evaluation of the functional status. Culture media in the experimental groups were supplemented with 0.001% highly dispersed silica nanoparticles (HDSns), which ensured a high yield of oocytes (65—92%) have reinitiated meiosis after 30 h of culture in all groups of the experiment. The use of HDSns as an addition to the medium for the maturation of oocytes that have not finished growth phase in vivo and the prolongation of the culture time to 30 h provided significantly increase the proportion of matured oocytes and the level of cleavage (42% vs 69% and 16% vs 37%, respectively). The modernized protocol of in vitro maturation of BCB(-) bovine oocytes presented in the study (addition of 0.001% HDSns to culture medium and prolongation of culture time up to 30 hours) provides to increase the yield of oocytes competent for maturation and obtaining embryos at the blastocyst stage (5% vs 22%), as well as, a priori, the number of high-quality gametes with the prospect of their using in cell and genetic engineering.
PERAN BELANJA MODAL DAN BELANJA BANTUAN SOSIAL PEMERINTAH DAERAH TERHADAP KETIMPANGAN PENDAPATAN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Yasni Raynal , Yulianto Heri 
Published: August 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dua instrumen kebijakan belanja pemerintah dalam mengatasi ketimpangan daerah yang diukur dengan indeks Theil. Penelitian ini menggunakan unit analisis kabupaten/kota yang ada di tiap provinsi sebagai objek. Data penelitian berbentuk data sekunder yang diperoleh dari Direktorat Jenderal Perimbangan Keuangan dan BPS dalam kurun waktu 2012 s.d. 2016. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan belanja modal dan belanja bantuan sosial secara bersama-sama berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap indeks Theil provinsi di Indonesia. Sedangkan secara parsial, variabel rasio belanja modal pemerintah berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap peningkatan ketimpangan Provinsi di Indonesia, sedangkan rasio belanja bantuan sosial bepengaruh positif namun tidak signifikan terhadap ketimpangan di Indonesia. Hasil penelitian ini turut menegaskan pentingnya bentuk kebijakan dibandingkan sekedar jumlah belanja yang harus dikeluarkan oleh pemerintah.