bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The power of directional predictions in psychology
Authors: Trafimow David 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe vast majority of empirical hypotheses in psychology, or in the social sciences more generally, are directional whereas in other sciences, such as the physical sciences, there are more point or narrow‐interval empirical hypotheses. Characteristics of theories and auxiliary assumptions play a role in the difference. Given that psychology research strongly features directional predictions, it is important to question the extent to which these provide convincing tests of theories that they are designed to test. The present work aims to provide a nuanced view that considers the complex interaction between the obviousness of directional predictions, the obviousness of the theory from which they derive, and the quality of the auxiliary assumptions that push towards directional predictions. Then, too, there is the related issue of vulnerability of directional predictions to alternative explanations and how to address them.
Quantitative differential analysis of norovirus outbreak samples using RT-ddPCR
Authors: Song Miok , Hwang Youngok , Park Jungeun , Cha Eukyong , Jeong Hyoeon , Kim Minkyeong , Kim Jinseok , Baek Soyune , Kwon Eunyoung , Park Sanghun , Oh Younghee , Shin Yongseoung 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Noroviruses cause acute gastroenteritis with symptoms of diarrhoea and vomiting, and their high infectivity allows outbreaks to readily occur. Quickly identifying and isolating potential contaminants is an effective method to prevent the spread of outbreaks. A total of 376 samples collected from nine outbreaks were categorized as either patient, asymptomatic individual, cook or environmental samples, according to the source of contamination. Using real-time PCR and sequencing analysis, norovirus GII genotypes were detected in 34·9% of samples from patients, 19·2% from asymptomatic individuals, 2·4% from the environment and 1·4% from cooks. Our findings showed contrasting results in samples categories quantified based on the limit of blank and detection limit by reverse transcription droplet digital PCR, which is a more sensitive testing method than real-time-PCR.
Habitat‐linked genetic variation supports microgeographic adaptive divergence in an island‐endemic bird species
Authors: Cheek Rebecca G. , Forester Brenna R. , Salerno Patricia E. , Trumbo Daryl R. , Langin Kathryn M. , Chen Nancy , Scott Sillett T. , Morrison Scott A. , Ghalambor Cameron K. , Chris Funk W. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe investigated the potential mechanisms driving habitat‐linked genetic divergence within a bird species endemic to a single 250‐km2 island. The island scrub‐jay (Aphelocoma insularis) exhibits microgeographic divergence in bill morphology across pine–oak ecotones on Santa Cruz Island, California (USA), similar to adaptive differences described in mainland congeners over much larger geographic scales. To test whether individuals exhibit genetic differentiation related to habitat type and divergence in bill length, we genotyped over 3000 single nucleotide polymorphisms in 123 adult island scrub‐jay males from across Santa Cruz Island using restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing. Neutral landscape genomic analyses revealed that genome‐wide genetic differentiation was primarily related to geographic distance and differences in habitat composition. We also found 168 putatively adaptive loci associated with habitat type using multivariate redundancy analysis while controlling for spatial effects. Finally, two genome‐wide association analyses revealed a polygenic basis to variation in bill length with multiple loci detected in or near genes known to affect bill morphology in other birds. Our findings support the hypothesis that divergent selection at microgeographic scales can cause adaptive divergence in the presence of ongoing gene flow.
A cytosolic pentatricopeptide repeat protein is essential for tapetal plastid development by regulating OsGLK1 transcript levels in rice
Authors: Zheng Shaoyan , Dong Jingfang , Lu Jingqin , Li Jing , Jiang Dagang , Yu Haopeng , Ye Simiao , Bu Wenli , Liu Zhenlan , Zhou Hai , Ding Yiliang , Zhuang Chuxiong 
Published: March 2022

Summary

Most plant pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins localize to and function inside plastids and mitochondria. However, the function of PPRs that only localize to the cytoplasm remains unknown.

Here, we demonstrated that the rice (Oryza sativa) PPR protein CYTOPLASM‐LOCALIZED PPR1 (OsCPPR1) contributes to pollen development and localizes to the cytoplasm.

Knocking down OsCPPR1 led to abnormal plastid development in tapetal cells, prolonged tapetal programmed cell death (PCD) and tapetum degradation, and significantly reduced pollen fertility. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the transcript level of OsGOLDEN‐LIKE1 (OsGLK1), which encodes a transcription factor that regulates plastid development and maintenance, was significantly higher in the OsCPPR1 knockdown plants compared to wild‐type plants. We further determined that OsCPPR1 downregulates OsGLK1 transcription by directly binding to the single‐stranded regions of OsGLK1 mRNAs. Overexpression of OsGLK1 resulted in abnormal tapetum and plastid development, similar to that seen in OsCPPR1 knockdown plants, and suppression of OsGLK1 partially restored pollen fertility in the OsCPPR1 knockdown plants. We therefore conclude that OsCPPR1 suppresses OsGLK1 in the regulation of plastid development and PCD in the tapetum.

Our work revealed novel functions for a cytosolic PPR, demonstrating the diverse roles of PPRs in plants and identifying a new regulatory mechanism for regulating pollen development in rice.
Expression of AtWRI1 and AtDGAT1 during soybean embryo development influences oil and carbohydrate metabolism
Authors: Arias Cintia Lucía , Quach Truyen , Huynh Tu , Nguyen Hanh , Moretti Ademar , Shi Yu , Guo Ming , Rasoul Amira , Van Kyujung , McHale Leah , Clemente Tom Elmo , Alonso Ana Paula , Zhang Chi 
Published: March 2022

SummarySoybean oil is one of the most consumed vegetable oils worldwide. Genetic improvement of its concentration in seeds has been historically pursued due to its direct association with its market value. Engineering attempts aiming to increase soybean seed oil presented different degrees of success that varied with the genetic design and the specific variety considered. Understanding the embryo’s responses to the genetic modifications introduced, is a critical step to successful approaches. In this work, the metabolic and transcriptional responses to AtWRI1 and AtDGAT1 expression in soybean seeds were evaluated. AtWRI1 is a master regulator of fatty acid (FA) biosynthesis, and AtDGAT1 encodes an enzyme catalysing the final and rate‐limiting step of triacylglycerides biosynthesis. The events expressing these genes in the embryo did not show an increase in total FA content, but they responded with changes in the oil and carbohydrate composition. Transcriptomic studies revealed a down‐regulation of genes putatively encoding for oil body packaging proteins, and a strong induction of genes annotated as lipases and FA biosynthesis inhibitors. Novel putative AtWRI1 targets, presenting an AW‐box in the upstream region of the genes, were identified by comparison with an event that harbours only AtWRI1. Lastly, targeted metabolomics analysis showed that carbon from sugar phosphates could be used for FA competing pathways, such as starch and cell wall polysaccharides, contributing to the restriction in oil accumulation. These results allowed the identification of key cellular processes that need to be considered to break the embryo’s natural restriction to uncontrolled seed lipid increase.
OsHIPL1, a hedgehog‐interacting protein‐like 1 protein, increases seed vigour in rice
Authors: He Ying , Chen Shanshan , Liu Kexin , Chen Yongji , Cheng Yanhao , Zeng Peng , Zhu Peiwen , Xie Ting , Chen Sunlu , Zhang Hongsheng , Cheng Jinping 
Published: March 2022

SummaryThe cultivation of rice varieties with high seed vigour is vital for the direct seeding of rice, and the molecular basis of regulation of seed vigour remains elusive. Here, we cloned a new gene OsHIPL1, which encodes hedgehog‐interacting protein‐like 1 protein as a causal gene of the major QTL qSV3 for rice seed vigour. OsHIPL1 was mainly localized in the plasma membrane and nucleus. RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) revealed that the ABA‐related genes were involved in the OsHIPL1 regulation of seed vigour in rice. The higher levels of endogenous ABA were measured in germinating seeds of OsHIPL1 mutants and NIL‐qsv3 line compared to IR26 plants, with two up‐regulated ABA biosynthesis genes (OsZEP and OsNCED4) and one down‐regulated ABA catabolism gene OsABA8ox3. The expression of abscisic acid‐insensitive 3 (OsABI3), OsABI4 and OsABI5 was significantly up‐regulated in germinating seeds of OsHIPL1 mutants and NIL‐qsv3 line compared to IR26 plants. These results indicate that the regulation of seed vigour of OsHIPL1 may be through modulating endogenous ABA levels and altering OsABIs expression during seed germination in rice. Meanwhile, we found that OsHIPL1 interacted with the aquaporin OsPIP1;1, then affected water uptake to promote rice seed germination. Based on analysis of single‐nucleotide polymorphism data of rice accessions, we identified a Hap1 haplotype of OsHIPL1 that was positively correlated with seed germination. Our findings showed novel insights into the molecular mechanism of OsHIPL1 on seed vigour.
Diagnosis and radiation therapy of an extensive myxoma in the retropharyngeal region infiltrating the cranial cervical vertebral canal in a dog
Authors: Schmid David , Körner Maximilian , Bley Carla Rohrer 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAn 8‐year‐old, intact Rottweiler‐female dog presented due to an acute onset of lethargy, abnormal gait, and wheezing. Physical examination revealed stridor, cervical pain, and ambulatory tetraparesis. Magnetic resonance imaging‐examination displayed a lobulated, fluid‐filled mass extending from the sphenoid bone to C5, infiltrating the cranial vertebral canal causing extradural compression of the spinal cord and narrowing of the pharynx. An emergency debulking‐surgery around the pharynx was performed. Histopathological findings were consistent with a myxoma. The remaining tumor was irradiated resulting in stable disease 6 months later. The dog died 18 months later due to aspiration pneumonia without clinical signs of neurologic or respiratory compromise.
Developing Taiichi Ohno’s Mental Model for Waste Identification in Nontraditional Applications
Authors: Yarbrough Ashley C. , Harris Gregory A. , Purdy Gregory T. , Loyd Nicholas 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe growth of technology in the manufacturing domain is compelling industry to digitally transform with little to no guidance on what constitutes value-added and nonvalue-added data and information. However, the Toyota production system (TPS) approach, which has proven successful for decades in identifying wastes in physical manufacturing processes, can provide some insights. Extensive research has been conducted on the history of Toyota and the concepts and tools of the TPS, but there is no documentation of how Taiichi Ohno approached problems and developed the classification of wastes (the 7 Wastes) which led to the concepts and tools for continuous improvement that are collectively called the TPS. This article deconstructs literature on Ohno and the Toyota story to reconstruct the mental model that Ohno used to identify and categorize physical production waste in Toyota’s manufacturing operations. The mental model attributed to Ohno proposed in this work is then generalized into a framework for identifying and eliminating both physical and nonphysical wastes in systems. Manufacturing companies and researchers can utilize the framework to foster the same thinking that Ohno used to identify nonvalue-added activities in production processes. Applying the described framework to data and information flows will allow for the discovery of wastes that were once hidden and will lead to the development of tools for improving the data and information needed to support manufacturing in a Smart Manufacturing environment.
The ocean-continent transition of late synrift salt basins: Extension and evaporite deposition in the southern Gulf of Mexico and global analogs
Authors: Rowan Mark G. 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTTwo-dimensional depth-migrated seismic data were used to interpret and analyze extension and salt deposition in the ocean-continent transition (OCT) along 720 km of the southern Gulf of Mexico rifted margin. The OCT is characterized by alternating areas of salt-filled, fault-bounded outer troughs overlying a shallow Moho and salt perched at a level above the top of oceanic crust. Normal faults and the limit of oceanic crust are both offset by two sets of transfer faults and paleo–transform faults, respectively, that trend NNW-SSE and N-S. The patterns define five OCT segments that show propagation of both rifting and spreading to the NE, an abrupt jump in pole location, and rifting/spreading nuclei that link up laterally. Salt was deposited during outer trough formation to the SW but prior to it in the NE, where salt consequently flowed from proximal locations into the growing trough during decoupled thick-skinned extension. The salt was deposited at least 0.5–1.5 km below global sea level, with precipitation initially confined to the oldest troughs (in the west) and subsequently spreading to cover the entire basin in a deep brine over a period of at least 5 m.y. Possible siliciclastic strata interbedded with the salt were likely sourced from the south and southeast, and hypersaline conditions waned gradually during punctuated marine flooding over another 5–10 m.y. The Gulf of Mexico was thus a giant evaporite basin formed in a deep depression during late-synrift mantle exhumation in a magma-poor setting, analogous to the South Atlantic salt basins and possibly the Red Sea and southern Moroccan/Scotian margins.
Head injuries in early childhood in the UK; is there a social gradient?
Authors: Letelier Alejandra , Watt Richard G , Heilmann Anja 
Published: March 2022

ObjectivesTo examine if there is a social gradient in early childhood head injuries among UK children.MethodsCross-sectional study, using data from the UK Millennium Cohort Study (MCS). The second, third and fourth sweeps of the MCS were analysed separately, when children were 3, 5 and 7 years old. Logistic regression models were used to explore the associations between head injuries and family socioeconomic position (social class, household income, maternal education and area deprivation).ResultsThe unadjusted analyses showed different associations with socioeconomic indicators at different ages. At age 3 and 5 years, head injuries were associated with higher area deprivation, lower household income and parents not being in work or in the routine social class. At age 5 years head injuries were also associated with lower maternal education. At age 7 years only associations with area deprivation and maternal education were found. In adjusted analyses (mutually adjusted for all four socioeconomic indicators, maternal age, child age and child sex), the following associations were observed: at ages 3 and 5 years, higher levels of area deprivation were related to higher odds of head injuries. At age 3 years only, lower levels of maternal education were related to lower odds of head injuries. No social gradients were observed. At age 7 years, there were no significant associations between head injuries and any of the SEP measures.ConclusionWe observed no social gradients in early childhood head injuries. However, at ages 3 and 5 years, head injuries were more frequently reported for children living in more deprived areas.
Massless charged wormhole solution in Einstein–Maxwell-Scalar theory
Authors: Mazharimousavi S. Habib 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA new exact wormhole solution in Einstein–Maxwell-Scalar theory is introduced. The wormhole solution is accompanied by a non-black hole naked singular branch solution. Both of the solutions are massless such that with charge zero the spacetime coincides with the vacuum Minkowski flat spacetime. In addition to that, the wormhole solution seems to be the missing part of the class of solutions in the standard Einstein–Maxwell-Dilaton theory with an arbitrary dilaton parameter.
$$m_{\mathrm {b}}(m_{\mathrm {Z^0}})$$revisited with Zedometry
Authors: Kluth S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPrecision measurements of $$\mathrm {Z^0}$$

Z
0

boson properties could enable a determination of the mass of the b quark at the scale of the $$\mathrm {Z^0}$$

Z
0

boson mass $$m_{\mathrm {b}}(m_{\mathrm {Z^0}})$$

m
b

(

m

Z
0

)

. The dependence of Standard Model predictions on the b quark mass using the program Gfitter is studied. The precision of the currently available measurements by the LEP experiments and SLD, together with measurements from the LHC experiments of the mass of the top quark and the Higgs boson, is not sufficient for a relevant determination. The predicted precision of $$\mathrm {Z^0}$$

Z
0

boson resonance measurements at future $$\mathrm {e^+e^-}$$

e
+

e
-

colliders will allow a competitive direct determination of $$m_{\mathrm {b}}(m_{\mathrm {Z^0}})$$

m
b

(

m

Z
0

)

.
GASSER: A Multi-Objective Evolutionary Approach for Test Suite Reduction
Authors: Coviello Carmen , Romano Simone , Scanniello Giuseppe , Antoniol Giuliano 
Published: March 2022

Regression testing is a practice that ensures a System Under Test (SUT) still works as expected after changes have been implemented. The simplest approach for regression testing is Retest-all, which consists of re-executing the entire Test Suite (TS) on the changed version of the SUT. Retest-all could be expensive in case a SUT and its TS grow in size and, if resources are insufficient, its application could be impracticable. A Test Suite Reduction (TSR) approach aims to overcome these issues by reducing the size of TSs, while preserving their fault-detection capability. In this paper, we introduce and validate an approach for TSR based on a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm, namely, Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II). This approach seeks to reduce TSs by maximizing both statement coverage and diversity of test cases of the reduced TSs, while minimizing the size of the reduced TSs. We named this approach Genetic Algorithm for teSt SuitE Reduction (GASSER). To assess GASSER, we conducted an experiment on 19 versions of four software systems from a public dataset—i.e. Software-artifact Infrastructure Repository (SIR). We compared GASSER with nine baseline approaches. The comparison was based on the size of the reduced TSs and their fault-detection capability. The most important take-away result is that GASSER, as compared with the baseline approaches, reduces more the size of the TSs with a non-significant effect on their fault-detection capability. The results of our empirical assessment suggest that the application of multi-objective evolutionary algorithms and, in particular, NSGA-II might represent a viable means to deal with TSR.
Stromal FAP Expression is Associated with MRI Visibility and Patient Survival in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Pellinen Teijo , Sandeman Kevin , Blom Sami , Turkki Riku , Hemmes Annabrita , Välimäki Katja , Eineluoto Juho , Kenttämies Anu , Nordling Stig , Kallioniemi Olli , Rannikko Antti , Mirtti Tuomas 
Published: March 2022

Some clinically significant prostate cancers are missed by MRI. We asked whether the tumor stroma in surgically treated localized prostate cancer lesions positive or negative with MRI are different in their cellular and molecular properties, and whether the differences are reflected to the clinical course of the disease.We profiled the stromal and immune cell composition of MRI-classified tumor lesions by applying multiplexed fluorescence IHC (mfIHC) and automated image analysis in a clinical cohort of 343 patients (cohort I). We compared stromal variables between MRI-visible lesions, invisible lesions, and benign tissue and assessed the predictive significance for biochemical recurrence (BCR) and disease-specific survival (DSS) using Cox regression and log-rank analysis. Subsequently, we carried out a prognostic validation of the identified biomarkers in a population-based cohort of 319 patients (cohort II).MRI true-positive lesions are different from benign tissue and MRI false-negative lesions in their stromal composition. CD163+ cells (macrophages) and fibroblast activation protein (FAP)+ cells were more abundant in MRI true-positive than in MRI false-negative lesions or benign areas. In MRI true-visible lesions, a high proportion of stromal FAP+ cells was associated with PTEN status and increased immune infiltration (CD8+, CD163+), and predicted elevated risk for BCR. High FAP phenotype was confirmed to be a strong indicator of poor prognosis in two independent patient cohorts using also conventional IHC.The molecular composition of the tumor stroma may determine whether early prostate lesions are detectable by MRI and associates with survival after surgical treatment.Significance:These findings may have a significant impact on clinical decision making as more radical treatments may be recommended for men with a combination of MRI-visible primary tumors and FAP+ tumor stroma.