bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A scenario for the origin of life: Volume regulation by bacteriorhodopsin required extremely voltage sensitive Na‐channels and very selective K‐channels
Authors: Naranjo David 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe osmotic activity produced by internal, non‐permeable, anionic nucleic acids and metabolites causes a persistent and life‐threatening cell swelling, or cellular edema, produced by the Gibbs‐Donnan effect. This evolutionary‐critical osmotic challenge must have been resolved by LUCA or its ancestors, but we lack a cell‐physiology look into the biophysical constraints to the solutions. Like mycoplasma, early cells conceivably preserved their volume with Cl−, Na+, and K+‐channels, Na+/H+‐exchangers, and a light‐dependent bacteriorhodopsin‐like H+‐pump. Here, I simulated protocells having these ionic‐permeabilities and inhabiting an oceanic pond before the Great‐Oxygenation‐Event. Protocells showed better volume control and stable resting potentials at lower external pH and higher temperatures, favoring a certain type of extremophile life. Prevention of Na+‐influx at night, with low bacteriorhodopsin activity, required deep shutdown of highly voltage‐sensitive Na+‐channels and extremely selective K+‐channels, two conserved features essential for modern neuronal encoding. The Gibbs‐Donnan effect universality implies that extraterrestrial cells, if they exist, may reveal similar volume‐controlling mechanisms.
Hanging the coat on a collar: Same function but different localization and mechanism for COPII
Authors: Malis Yehonathan , Hirschberg Koret , Kaether Christoph 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAn entirely different mechanism and localization were recently proposed for the COPII coat complex, challenging its well‐accepted function to select and concentrate cargo into small COPII‐coated spherical transport vesicles. Instead, the COPII complex is suggested to form a dynamic yet stationary collar that forms a boundary between the ER and the ER export membrane domain. This membrane domain, the ER exit site (ERES), is the site of COPII‐mediated sorting and concentration of transport competent proteins. Subsequently, the ERES is implicated to mature and bud to form a sizeable pleiomorphic transport carrier that translocate on microtubules to fuse with the Golgi apparatus. Despite this drastic mechanistic dogma shift, most of the underlying protein‐protein and protein‐membrane interactions remain unchanged. Here, we attempt to provide a detailed description of the newly proposed model of how ER to Golgi transport works by describing the role of several essential proteins of the transport machinery.
Synthesis and photometric properties of efficient white‐emitting phosphor of M‐AMG transition metal complexes for OLED applications
Authors: Swathika Manoharan , Natarajan Arunadevi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractProgression in lighting sources mainly depended on new, robust energy‐efficient diodes due to their advanced photometric properties. All organic light‐emitting sources are constant energy‐efficient devices and will be the light of the future. We explore the potential of transition metal complexes by focusing on cobalt(II), nickel(II), and copper (II) with aminoguanidine naphthoate as white phosphors in organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). The phosphors synthesized at optimized temperature were characterized structurally and thermally by spectral, thermal, and diffraction techniques. The photophysical studies of the target compound in several organic solvents having divergent polarity were also studied, and the results were exhibited. Photometric properties of the complexes were studied using photoluminescence, CIE (Commission internationale de l'éclairage) chromaticity coordinates, correlated color temperature, color purity, Duv, and TLCI (Television Lighting Consistency Index) to verify the applicability of complexes as phosphors. Excellent luminescence property with a high coloring index for (Cu(2NA‐AMG‐2H2O)) opens the advanced avenue for light sources and serves as vital constituents for light‐emitting diodes.
Structural variability, implementational irregularities in mathematical modelling of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) production—A state‐of‐the‐art review
Authors: Lhamo Pema , Mahanty Biswanath 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe rate and extent of microbial polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) production rely on the availability of substrates, growth of microbial biomass, and intracellular accumulation of polymer under nitrogen‐limited conditions. The dynamics of PHAs production captured through various structured or unstructured models can be extended to design an optimal feeding strategy for process intensification. Large variability in process assumptions, choices of kinetics, and model complexity is expected depending on substrate(s), microbial metabolism, and discretization of the process under consideration. This communication attempts to review the estimation of stoichiometric yield coefficients, metabolic modelling, and choices of unstructured kinetics in microbial PHA production. Implementational irregularities in parameter estimation and quality check in modelling exercises have also been reviewed. It is observed that the scope of the majority of the “modelling” studies is confined to the estimation of stoichiometric parameters with limited utility. In dynamic models, microbial growth is often described using either Monod or logistic variants, while PHAs production adopts a Luedeking–Piret expression with or without substrate inhibition. Though model selection, regression with experimental data, parameter estimation, and model validation are integral parts of the exercise, very few provide sufficient coverage on all those aspects. Application of the model to control or optimize the bioprocess has rarely been attempted.
Promoting sustainable development through strategies, environmental management accounting and environmental performance
Authors: Appannan Jeya Santhini , Mohd Said Ridzwana , Ong Tze San , Senik Rosmila 
Published: August 2022

AbstractExtant research on environmental management accounting (EMA) has mainly emphasised its impact on environmental disclosures and cost measurements, while the role of EMA in environmental performance has largely been neglected. Hence, the study addressed the literature gap by applying the natural resource‐based view (NRBV) and the dynamic capabilities (DC) theory to investigate EMA as a fundamental managerial innovation mechanism that explains the relationship between environmental strategies and environmental performance. Questionnaires were used to gather data from 145 managers of ISO14001‐certified Malaysian companies. The results of the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS‐SEM) analysis demonstrated that EMA mediates the effects of pollution prevention and clean technology strategies on environmental performance but not the effect of the process stewardship strategy. The findings encourage companies to adopt specific environmental strategies to attain better environmental performance through EMA. Moreover, the results highlighted the company limitations in improving environmental performance. The study is one of the first few attempts to integrate EMA with environmental strategies through the application of the NRBV and the DC theory. Additionally, the study provides empirical evidence that efficient EMA management can be transformed into reasonable operational performance and produce positive outcomes.
Radiotherapy combined with PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibitors in NSCLC brain metastases treatment: The mechanisms, advances, opportunities, and challenges
Authors: Chen Zi‐Ying , Duan Xiao‐Tong , Qiao Si‐Miao , Zhu Xiao‐Xia 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAt present, whole‐brain radiation therapy/stereotactic radiosurgery is one of the main local treatments for brain metastasis of non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Currently, it has been proved that radiotherapy (RT) can regulate the immune response, and small‐sample studies have shown that patients with NSCLC brain metastases (BMs) can benefit from RT combined with immunotherapy (IO). However, the efficacy and safety of the combination treatment have not been deeply elaborated. Notably, as a challenge that is still being explored, the timing of RT combined with IO is likely to be an important factor affecting efficacy and prognosis. This article reviews the current application and challenges of RT combined with IO from the perspectives of molecular mechanism, combination timing, safety, and efficacy. The purpose is to provide information on clinical evidence‐based medicine of combination between RT with IO. For further investigation, we also discuss the major challenges and prospects of RT combined with IO in NSCLC BMs.
Synthesis and study of new nonionic polyether water clarifier for oily wastewater
Authors: Wei Lixin , Zhang Lin , Liu Chao , Jia Xinlei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn order to solve the problem of oily wastewater treatment in Shengli Oilfield, tert‐butyl phenol (TP) series nonionic polyether water clarifiers were synthesized by polymerization with p‐tert‐butyl phenol (PTBP) as the initiator. The water clarifiers were characterized by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) and the interfacial tension test was carried out. The TP series of water clarifiers effect were evaluated by the oil content and suspension content in the clean water experiments. In addition, the effects of dosage and temperature on the water effect were discussed through the control variable method. The experimental results showed that the oil removal rate of TP6 can reach 95% and the suspension removal rate can reach 92% when the dosage of water clarifier was 40 mg/L, the cleaning water temperature was 55°C, and the cleaning water time was 30 min. The oily wastewater colour after cleaning was clear and transparent with the TP series of water clarifiers, and the effect was better than with commercial water clarifiers.
How reliably can algorithms identify eosinophilic asthma phenotypes using non‐invasive biomarkers?
Authors: Betancor Diana , Olaguibel José María , Rodrigo‐Muñoz José Manuel , Arismendi Ebymar , Barranco Pilar , Barroso Blanca , Bobolea Irina , Cárdaba Blanca , Cruz María Jesús , Curto Elena , Del Pozo Victoria , González‐Barcala Francisco‐Javier , Martínez‐Rivera Carlos , Mullol Joaquim , Muñoz Xavier , Picado Cesar , Plaza Vicente , Quirce Santiago , Rial Manuel Jorge , Soto Lorena , Valero Antonio , Valverde‐Monge Marcela , Sastre Joaquin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsAsthma is a heterogeneous respiratory disease that encompasses different inflammatory and functional endophenotypes. Many non‐invasive biomarkers has been investigated to its pathobiology. Heany et al proposed a clinical algorithm that classifies severe asthmatic patients into likely‐eosinophilic phenotypes, based on accessible biomarkers: PBE, current treatment, FeNO, presence of nasal polyps (NP) and age of onset.Materials and MethodsWe assessed the concordance between the algorithm proposed by Heany et al. with sputum examination, the gold standard, in 145 asthmatic patients of the MEGA cohort with varying grades of severity.ResultsNo correlation was found between both classifications 0.025 (CI = 0.013–0.037). Moreover, no relationship was found between sputum eosinophilia and peripheral blood eosinophilia count in the total studied population.Discussion and ConclusionIn conclusion, our results suggest that grouping the biomarkers proposed by Heany et al. are insufficient to diagnose eosinophilic phenotypes in asthmatic patients. Sputum analysis remains the gold standard to assess airway inflammation.
Improved Estimates of Host‐Guest Interaction Energies for Endohedral Fullerenes Containing Rare Gas Atoms, Small Molecules, and Cations
Authors: Saroj Arti , Ramanathan Venkatnarayan , Kumar Mishra Brijesh , Panda Aditya N. , Sathyamurthy Narayanasami 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEndohedral fullerenes have evinced much interest from the fundamental and applications points of view. However, given the nature of the weak interaction between the guest species and the host cage in these confined systems, the interaction energy values obtained using various theoretical methods, and different basis sets vary over a wide range. For example, the reported interaction energy for the HF@C60 system ranges from −2.5 kcal/mol to −14.9 kcal/mol. In the present manuscript, we report reliable interaction energy values for different endohedral fullerenes (He@C60, Ne@C60, Ar@C60, Kr@C60, H2@C60, HF@C60, H2O@C60, NH3@C60, CH4@C60, Li+@C60, Na+@C60, and K+@C60) obtained using the domain‐based local pair natural orbital coupled‐cluster singles, doubles, and perturbative triples (DLPNO‐CCSD(T)) method and the def2‐TZVP basis set. We believe that these energy values could be considered as benchmark values, and the performance of other quantum chemical methods could be assessed accordingly. Local energy decomposition analysis within the DLPNO‐CCSD(T) framework is used to estimate the electrostatic, exchange, and dispersion components of the interaction energy for some of the endohedral fullerenes.
A mode‐reduction space vector pulse width modulation control method to VIENNA rectifier yet eliminating input current distortions
Authors: Li Zhizhong , Zhang Yuandong , Wang Minghao , Zhang Guidong , Lin Jiaqing 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe VIENNA rectifier is of high reliability, high power density, and low complexity, which has been widely applied in telecommunication systems. However, it has 25 switching states complicating the control design. Besides, it is easy for the VIENNA rectifier to distort the input currents at zero‐crossing points, which will degrade the grid power quality. To address these problems, a novel mode‐reduction space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) control method is proposed in this paper. By analyzing the switching states of the VIENNA rectifier, 3‐mode, 6‐mode, and 18‐mode control framework are compared, and it is found that the 18‐mode has advanced features. Specifically, the proposed 18‐mode control algorithm will have fewer calculation steps and a simpler processing flow. More importantly, it can eliminate the input current distortions for power quality improvement. A 4 kW hardware prototype of the VIENNA rectifier is developed, and experiments have been performed to verify the harmonic reduction feature of the proposed 18‐mode control.
A new background continuous‐time offset cancelation and gain calibration strategy for open‐loop residue amplifiers in high‐speed and high‐resolution ADC's
Authors: Ghasemzadeh Mehdi , Hadidi Khayrollah 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA continuous‐time offset cancelation and gain calibration strategy is proposed for open‐loop residue amplifiers of pipeline ADC's. Utilizing a reliable technique for detecting gain and offset error, also saving digital amounts of the signals that are resulted from the calibration loop, data conversion proceeds without any interruption. In addition, due to sharing this structure between the several RA stages in ADC, power consumption and area occupation are decreased. Also, this strategy does not require extra circuits, like replica residue amplifier or wide‐bits digital processor for offset and gain‐error correction. Using digital circuits results in multiplexing clock frequency; also, utilizing a unit gain and offset calibration structure for the whole RA in the main ADC results in a significant power consumption reduction. The simulations show that the input‐referred offset is reduced to around 30 μV. Also, the gain calibration loop provides a gain of 8 with an error deviation less than 0.001. Post‐layout simulation results are presented at all process corners and various temperatures, using HSPICE software and 0.18 μm standard CMOS technology in 14‐bit 200 MS/s Pipeline ADC with 23 dB improvement in SNR and 3.9 bit in ENOB.
A low‐profile rectangular slot antenna for sub‐6 GHz 5G wireless applications
Authors: Chowdhury Md Zikrul Bari , Islam Mohammad Tariqul , Rmili Hatem , Hossain Ismail , Mahmud Md Zulfiker , Samsuzzaman Md 
Published: August 2022

SummaryThis paper proposes a novel planar rectangular slot antenna designed and fabricated for a sub‐6 GHz 5G wireless application. The proposed design can work in sub‐6 GHz 5G, WiMAX, and LTE Band 42. The antenna has an inverted stub and E‐shaped and rectangular radiating slot with a circular parasitic element on its upper side concurrently activated by a microstrip feed line with a two‐folded T‐shaped design. The proposed antenna covers the 5G N77 band at 3.5 GHz. It has a dimension of 32.4 × 27.9 × 1.6 mm3 with good reflection coefficient characteristics and excellent impedance matching. The reflection coefficient (S11) is found at −26.5 dB, and the resonant frequency is 3.5 GHz, with a peak gain of almost 4.2 dB. The proposed antenna has ≈82% efficiency for the whole frequency band and provides 19 MHz of total bandwidth. Finally, the proposed antenna is an attractive solution for sub‐6 GHz 5G wireless applications.
An approach to data redundancy reduction and secured data delivery using spatial‐temporal correlation factors in heterogeneous Mobile Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Thandapani Preethiya , Arunachalam Muthukumar , Sundarraj Durairaj 
Published: August 2022

SummaryAs the state‐of‐the‐art technology in the areas of IoT, battlefield surveillance, medical, military applications, and so on, the Mobile Wireless Sensor Network (MWSN) has attracted the attention of vendors and academics in recent years. In MWSN, energy optimization is the major issue because of its dynamicity property. The energy optimization can be achieved by avoiding node compromise attacks and ensuring secured data transmission in the network. In this paper, an algorithm SDCH‐M (Secured Data for Mobile Clustering Hierarchy) is proposed to ensure secure data delivery in a double cluster head hybrid topology, which optimizes the network energy consumption. Data redundancy is reduced by estimating spatial‐temporal correlation factors, and the variant‐round voting mechanism is used to verify the accuracy of delivered data and to identify compromised nodes through voting by the base station. Results from the simulation show that the proposed SDCH‐M algorithm optimizes energy than M‐LEACH and C‐LEACH algorithm. The average delivery ratio of SDCH‐M (DCH), SDCH‐M (SCH), E2RP, M‐LEACH, and C‐LEACH are 0.9175, 0.9037, 0.828, 0.799, and 0.681, respectively. The average delay of M‐LEACH, C‐LEACH, E2RP, SDCH‐M (DCH), and SDCH‐M (SCH) algorithms is 6.851, 8.655, 6.3, 5.585, and 5.97 s, respectively.
PD‐L1 immunohistochemical testing: A review with reference to cytology specimens
Authors: Layfield Lester J. , Zhang Tao , Esebua Magda 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundImmunotherapy based on disruption of the PD‐1/PD‐L1 axis is standard of care for many high stage malignancies including melanomas, non‐small cell carcinomas of the lung, triple negative breast carcinomas, and squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck. Eligibility for immunotherapy requires immunohistochemical assessment of PD‐L1 expression. Currently, many high stage malignancies are diagnosed by cytology and cytologic material is the only specimen available for ancillary testing. Formal guidelines do not currently exist defining the optimal specimen type, antibody to be used or the best scoring system for cytologic material. Significant information has been published for PD‐L1 testing of pulmonary specimens but much less data exists for the reproducibility, accuracy and best practices for material obtained from other body sites and types of malignancy.MethodsWe searched the PubMed data base for manuscripts relating to PD‐L1 testing of cytologic specimens. The search period was between 2016 and 2022. The search terms used were PD‐L1, cytology, FNA, immunotherapy, immunohistochemistry, immunocytochemistry, cytology‐histology correlation. Cross referencing techniques were used to screen for the most relevant manuscripts. The abstracts of these were then reviewed for final data collection and analysis.ResultsA total of 86 studies were identified conforming to study relevancy. These were reviewed in their entirety by two authors (LJL, TZ) for extraction of data. The majority of studies involved pulmonary specimens (79) with three relating to PD‐L1 testing of head and neck cytologic specimens and one each for PD‐L1 testing of cytology specimens from melanomas, pancreas, pleural fluids, and triple negative breast carcinomas. While smears could be used, most studies found cell blocks optimal for testing.SummaryCurrently, four drugs are approved for immunotherapy based on PD‐L1 status. These drugs require specific antibody clones as well as scoring systems. Scoring systems and cut points vary with the type of neoplasm being treated. Cytology specimens from the lung, head and neck and melanomas can all be used for PD‐L1 testing with good agreement with corresponding histology specimens.
Identification and analytical characterization of N‐propyl norbutylone, N‐butyl norbutylone, N‐benzyl norheptedrone, and N‐pyrrolidinyl‐3,4‐DMA
Authors: Liu Cui‐mei , Hua Zhen‐dong , Song Chun‐hui , Jia Wei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this study, the analytical characterization of three cathinones and one N‐pyrrolidinyl‐substituted amphetamine derivative is described: 1‐([3,4‐methylenedioxyphenyl])‐2‐(propylamino)butan‐1‐one (N‐propyl norbutylone 1), 1‐([3,4‐methylenedioxyphenyl])‐2‐(butylamino)butan‐1‐one (N‐butyl norbutylone 2), 2‐(benzylamino)‐1‐phenylheptan‐1‐one (N‐benzyl norheptedrone 3), and 1‐(1‐[3,4‐dimethoxyphenyl]propan‐2‐yl)pyrrolidine (N‐pyrrolidinyl‐3,4‐DMA 4). The identification was based on ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time‐of‐flight–mass spectrometry (UHPLC–QTOF–MS), gas chromatography‐orbitrap MS (GC‐Orbitrap‐MS), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), and Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR). GC‐Orbitrap‐MS, with higher mass accuracy, benefit more on the accurate structure elucidation of product ions compared with the low‐resolution GC–MS. The collision‐induced dissociation (CID) and electron ionization (EI) pathways of these compounds were examined to assist forensic laboratories in elucidating the structure of new psychoactive substances (NPS) with similar structure in their case work. In addition, electron activated dissociation (EAD) was applied to analyze N‐benzyl norheptedrone, which showed only one product ion in the CID mode. The result showed that for compound with limited product ions in the CID mode, the EAD mode can give more complementary information for structure elucidation. In addition, quantitative NMR (qNMR) was applied for the quantification of four powdered/crystal and two herbal blend seized samples. To our knowledge, no analytical data about the compounds 3 and 4 have appeared until now, making this the first report on these compounds.
Identification of three novel new psychoactive substances 4F‐AB‐BUTINACA, AB‐PHETINACA, and 2F‐NENDCK
Authors: Wang Kua‐Dou , Yuan Xiao‐Liang , Liu Chen , Cao Fang‐Qi , Zhang Yu‐Rong , Liu Wen‐Bin , He Si‐Yang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe identification of new psychoactive substances (NPS) is an active and cutting‐edge topic in forensic science. With the emergence of a large number of NPS, their timely identification to prevent spread can pose a challenge to clinical and forensic toxicology laboratories. Three emerging NPS had been identified in recently seized materials, including two synthetic cannabinoids [N‐(1‐amino‐3‐methyl‐1‐oxobutan‐2‐yl)‐1‐(4‐fluorobutyl)‐1H‐indazole‐3‐carboxamide (4F‐AB‐BUTINACA) and N‐(1‐amino‐3‐methyl‐1‐oxobutan‐2‐yl)‐1‐phenethyl‐1H‐indazole‐3‐carboxamide (AB‐PHETINACA)] and a ketamine‐like substance [2‐(2‐fluorophenyl)‐2‐(ethylamino) cyclohexan‐1‐one(2F‐NENDCK)]. The three compounds were first identified by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT‐IR), gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography‐quadrupole time‐of‐flight‐mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐QTOF‐MS), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). These data may assist forensic analysts in analyzing the same substances or their homologous compounds.