bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors influencing persistence of a threatened amphibian in restored wetlands despite severe population decline during climate change driven weather extremes
Authors: Beranek Chad T. , Sanders Samantha , Clulow John , Mahony Michael 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBiodiversity is in global decline during the Anthropocene. Declines have been caused by multiple factors, such as habitat removal, invasive species, and disease, which are often targets for conservation management. However, conservation interventions are under threat from climate change induced weather extremes. Weather extremes are becoming more frequent and devastating and an example of this was the 2019/2020 Australian drought and mega-fires. We provide a case study the impacts of these extreme weather events had on a population of the threatened frog Litoria aurea that occurs in a constructed habitat which was designed to reduce the impact of introduced fish and chytrid-induced disease. We aimed to determine what factors influenced persistence so that the design of wetlands can be further optimised to future-proof threatened amphibians. We achieved this with 4 years (2016–2020) of intensive capture–recapture surveys during austral spring and summer across nine wetlands (n = 94 repeat surveys). As hypothesized, drought caused a sharp reduction in population size, but persistence was achieved. The most parsimonious predictor of survival was an interaction between maximum air temperature and rainfall, indicating that weather extremes likely caused the decline. Survival was positively correlated with wetland vegetation coverage, positing this is an important feature to target to enhance resilience in wetland restoration programs. Additionally, the benefits obtained from measures to reduce chytrid prevalence were not compromised during drought, as there was a positive correlation between salinity and survival. We emphasize that many species may not be able to persist under worse extreme weather scenarios. Despite the potential for habitat augmentation to buffer effects of extreme weather, global action on climate change is needed to reduce extinction risk.
When is Environmentalism Good for the Environment?
Authors: Marini Marco A. , Tarola Ornella , Thisse Jacques-François 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe study how the supply of environmentalism, which is defined by psychic benefits (costs) associated with the purchase of high-environmental (low-environmental) qualities, affects the way firms choose their prices and products and the ensuing consequences for the global level of pollution. Contrary to general belief, a high supply of environmentalism does not necessarily give rise to a better environmental outcome because it endows the green firms with more market power which they use to charge higher prices. Nonetheless, environmentalism can be used to effectively complement more traditional policy instruments such as a minimum environmental standard.
Coping with local peoples' livelihood dependence on the transboundary Dinder–Alatish National Parks in Sudan and Ethiopia from the Sudanese Perspective
Authors: Geleto Mati Amano , Kapp Gerald , Sanjak Elamin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe local peoples’ dependence on Dinder National Park, Sudan, for their livelihoods and economic and conservation implications of the livelihood activities were analyzed. Our study attempted to answer major questions about the main livelihood strategies, their economic and conservation implications as well as the perceptions of local people and park administration on the use and management of the park and cooperation for TBPA management. A mixed research method was employed in this study in data collection Households’ livelihood strategies are ranked according to their share in households’ total income. Accordingly, 92% of respondents ranked agriculture as a primary source of livelihood in the rank 1 category, and 33% of respondents ranked livestock rearing as the primary source in the rank 2 category important source of livelihood. The ranking of second and third options varied across both households and villages. Households collect forest products to supplement their livelihoods and the collection of other environmental goods is irregular and difficult to quantify. Further human activities in the area are compiled from different publication and annual reports. Agricultural expansion into the park and livestock trespassing are the major threats to Dinder and neighboring Alatish National Park. A cooperative transboundary response will be helpful to cope with these challenges.
Abusive comments in student evaluations of courses and teaching: the attacks women and marginalised academics endure
Authors: Heffernan Troy 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper examines the volume and type of anonymous comments academics receive in student evaluations of courses and teaching (SETs) at the 16,000 higher education institutions that collect this data at the end of each teaching period. Existing research has increasingly pointed to the negative issues of student surveys, but very little research has focused on the volume, type, and impact of anonymous student comments on academics. This paper analyses the survey results of 674 academics to inform higher education leaders and the sector more widely of the amount and type of abusive comments academics are receiving. The work also demonstrates that the highest volume, most derogatory, and most threatening abuse is directed towards women academics and those academics from marginalised groups. The paper finds that previous estimates of the rate and severity of abusive comments that academics receive, and the impact to academics’ wellbeing, mental health, and career progression, have underestimated what is taking place. The paper argues that many universities are failing to protect their staff from this abuse, and the prejudice nature of SET results, which will continue to have a negative impact on the career progression of marginalised academics - a major flaw in a sector that prides itself on diversity and inclusion.
Insights from bauhaus innovation for education and workplaces in a post-pandemic world
Authors: White-Hancock Lorraine 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper examines Bauhaus School (1919–1933) innovation and relevance today. The School is a landmark in the history of design as a discipline and the development of design education. The School was also a workplace, commercialising Bauhaus-designed products. While drawing global interest in its innovations, the School faced resistance in Germany because it challenged conventions. This problem raises the questions: How did the School-workplace generate innovations amid the calamity of post-war Germany, and what is the significance of the Bauhaus for post-pandemic education and workplaces one hundred years on? The concept of ‘transgression’ is used to understand innovation at the Bauhaus School-workplace. Haraway discusses transgressive practices that disrupt established knowledges, moving ways of thinking and doing in new directions. Analysis of workplace learning research reveals that three interfacing dimensions make up innovation: (1) workplace environments, (2) the culture-order that facilitates innovation, and (3) learning in practice in authentic settings. This qualitative case study reports on how Bauhaus innovation emerged at the intersection of these key dimensions. There are surprising commonalities between the Bauhaus approach to innovation in challenging times and contemporary thinking about supporting innovation which are relevant to education, particularly STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics) education, and workplaces in a world affected by the COVID 19 pandemic. Thus, encouraging people who challenge boundaries, rules or ‘the way things are’ can support innovation. This paper addresses a gap in workplace learning research on interrelated dimensions of innovation which the Bauhaus recognized. The study also offers an innovative approach to the examination of innovation across time and space whereas most contemporary studies of innovation focus on the present. Further, conceptualizing innovation as transgression offers a new way of thinking about innovation in design and in the workplace.
Spectrofluorimetric Approach for Quantification of Cyclizine in the Presence of its Toxic Impurities in Human Plasma; in silico Study and ADMET Calculations
Authors: Fares Michel Y. , Abdelwahab Nada S. , El-Sayed Ghada M. , Hegazy Maha A. , Abdelrahman Maha M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCyclizine (CYZ); an antiemetic compound; is widely misused for its euphoric or hallucinatory effects, either by oral or intravenous routes. The concomitant abuse of CYZ among addicted adolescents contributes to neuromuscular disorders that are life-threatening. Consequently, with the company of 1-Methylpiperazine (MPZ) and diphenylmethanol (DPM, Benzhydrol) as pharmacopoeia-reported CYZ impurities, a novel spectrofluorimetric assay for the detection of CYZ, has been established either in human plasma samples or in its parenteral formulation. The native fluorescence of CYZ has been investigated under various conditions. Different parameters affecting relative fluorescence intensity of CYZ including diluting solvent, surfactant, plasma protein solvent, and pH were studied and optimized. The linearity obtained between the fluorescence intensity at emission wavelength 350 nm after excitation at 244 nm and the corresponding CYZ concentrations was in the range 10–1000 ng/mL for measurement of CYZ either in pure form or in human plasma samples, with a appropriate correlation coefficient (r = 0.9999) and 3.10 ng/mL as the limit of detection and 9.41 ng/mL as the limit of quantitation. The suggested procedure was created and validated in accordance with ICH guidelines for quantification of CYZ either in its pure form or its dosage form, and FDA guidelines for the assay of CYZ in human plasma. Finally, in silico study and ADMET predictions were conducted for the studied drug impurities to estimate their pharmacokinetic behaviors. The results showed that both CYZ impurities have higher cellular permeability and maximum tolerated doses, DPM has higher BBB and CNS permeability than MPZ, while MPZ exceeds DPM in total clearance and volume of distribution.Graphic Abstract
Evaluation of the clinical evolution and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection in cats by simulating natural routes of infection
Authors: Barroso-Arévalo Sandra , Sánchez-Morales Lidia , Barasona Jose A. , Rivera Belén , Sánchez Rocío , Risalde María A. , Agulló-Ros Irene , Sánchez-Vizcaíno José M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of the current pandemic disease denominated as Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Several studies suggest that the original source of this virus was a spillover from an animal reservoir and its subsequent adaptation to humans. Of all the different animals affected, cats are one of the most susceptible species. Moreover, several cases of natural infection in domestic and stray cats have been reported in the last few months. Although experimental infection assays have demonstrated that cats are successfully infected and can transmit the virus to other cats by aerosol, the conditions used for these experiments have not been specified in terms of ventilation. We have, therefore, evaluated the susceptibility of cats using routes of infection similar to those expected under natural conditions (exposure to a sneeze, cough, or contaminated environment) by aerosol and oral infection. We have also evaluated the transmission capacity among infected and naïve cats using different air exchange levels. Despite being infected using natural routes and shed virus for a long period, the cats did not transmit the virus to contact cats when air renovation features were employed. The infected animals also developed gross and histological lesions in several organs. These outcomes confirm that cats are at risk of infection when exposed to infected people, but do not transmit the virus to other cats with high rates of air renovation.
Repeat and Near Repeat Burglary Victimization in Taiwan
Authors: Kuo Tien-Li , Sidebottom Aiden , Wortley Richard , Tsai Tyan-muh 
Published: March 2022

AbstractExtensive evidence shows that repeat victimization is common and widespread, but studies on the prevalence of repeat victimization in Asia are limited. This study examines the extent and patterns of repeat and near-repeat burglary victimization in Taiwan using both 2015 Taiwan Area Victimization Survey data and police recorded burglary data. Results indicated that: (1) burglaries against the same household in Taiwan are highly concentrated (with the top 10% most burgled households making up around 30% of reported victimizations), more so than is often found in many Western countries; (2) the risk of (repeat) burglary is not consistently spread over space and time, particularly within the 100-m range of an initial burglary incident; and (3) the levels of near repeat burglaries identified in this study are notably lower than was observed in prior studies both in China and in many western countries. The findings highlight the value of developing prevention strategies specifically targeting repeat burglary victimization.
Clinic, Home, and Kiosk Blood Pressure Measurements for Diagnosing Hypertension: a Randomized Diagnostic Study
Authors: Green Beverly B , Anderson Melissa L , Cook Andrea J , Ehrlich Kelly , Hall Yoshio N , Hsu Clarissa , Joseph Dwayne , Klasnja Predrag , Margolis Karen L , McClure Jennifer B , Munson Sean A , Thompson Mathew J 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
The US Preventive Services Task Force recommends blood pressure (BP) measurements using 24-h ambulatory monitoring (ABPM) or home BP monitoring before making a new hypertension diagnosis.

Objective
Compare clinic-, home-, and kiosk-based BP measurement to ABPM for diagnosing hypertension.

Design, Setting, and Participants
Diagnostic study in 12 Washington State primary care centers, with participants aged 18–85 years without diagnosed hypertension or prescribed antihypertensive medications, with elevated BP in clinic.

Interventions
Randomization into one of three diagnostic regimens: (1) clinic (usual care follow-up BPs); (2) home (duplicate BPs twice daily for 5 days); or (3) kiosk (triplicate BPs on 3 days). All participants completed ABPM at 3 weeks.

Main Measures
Primary outcome was difference between ABPM daytime and clinic, home, and kiosk mean systolic BP. Differences in diastolic BP, sensitivity, and specificity were secondary outcomes.

Key Results
Five hundred ten participants (mean age 58.7 years, 80.2% white) with 434 (85.1%) included in primary analyses. Compared to daytime ABPM, adjusted mean differences in systolic BP were clinic (−4.7mmHg [95% confidence interval −7.3, −2.2]; P<.001); home (−0.1mmHg [−1.6, 1.5];P=.92); and kiosk (9.5mmHg [7.5, 11.6];P<.001). Differences for diastolic BP were clinic (−7.2mmHg [−8.8, −5.5]; P<.001); home (−0.4mmHg [−1.4, 0.7];P=.52); and kiosk (5.0mmHg [3.8, 6.2]; P<.001). Sensitivities for clinic, home, and kiosk compared to ABPM were 31.1% (95% confidence interval, 22.9, 40.6), 82.2% (73.8, 88.4), and 96.0% (90.0, 98.5), and specificities 79.5% (64.0, 89.4), 53.3% (38.9, 67.2), and 28.2% (16.4, 44.1), respectively.

Limitations
Single health care organization and limited race/ethnicity representation.

Conclusions
Compared to ABPM, mean BP was significantly lower for clinic, significantly higher for kiosk, and without significant differences for home. Clinic BP measurements had low sensitivity for detecting hypertension. Findings support utility of home BP monitoring for making a new diagnosis of hypertension.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03130257 https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03130257
Interplay Between Electronic States and Structural Stability in Cation-Deficient VCoSb, NbCoSb, and TaCoSb Half-Heuslers
Authors: Miranda Joaquin , Gruhn Thomas 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe effects of the vacancy concentration at the cation site of three half-Heuslers, VCoSb, NbCoSb, and TaCoSb, were studied with a combination of two computational methods: density functional theory and Monte Carlo simulations, both linked by a cluster expansion method. Our density functional method allows us to follow a gap opening in the electronic density of states in NbCoSb and TaCoSb as a function of vacancy concentration, starting from a metallic state with the Fermi-level crossing the valence states in the pristine crystal, passing throughout a p-type doped behavior, down to a semiconducting state at 20% of vacancies. In the case of VCoSb, the transition starts from the half-metallic ferromagnetic state, where VCoSb remains half-metallic until it achieves a semiconductor state at V$$_{0.8}$$

0.8

CoSb composition, the transition leading to a magnetic–nonmagnetic crossover. Further increase of vacancies leads to non-polarized in-gap states in V$$_{0.75}$$

0.75

CoSb, and polarized in-gaps in Nb$$_{0.77}$$

0.77

CoSb, while Ta$$_{0.75}$$

0.75

CoSb recovers a metallic behavior but with an n-character. Based on our cluster expansion, we can assert that Ta$$_{0.8}$$

0.8

CoSb is slightly more stable than Nb$$_{0.8}$$

0.8

CoSb, while both are much more stable than V$$_{0.8}$$

0.8

CoSb. Temperature effects were studied through Monte Carlo simulations. The simulations show that, upon cooling, the ground states are hard to recover, and instead metastable states are formed. The vacancy arrangements were scrutinized with the help of suitable order parameters for the lattice vacancy occupation.
The clinicopathological characteristics, prognosis and immune microenvironment mapping in MSI-H/MMR-D endometrial carcinomas
Authors: Guo Yu-e , Liu Yin , Zhang Wei , Luo Heng , Shu Ping , Chen Guofang , Li Yuping 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEndometrial cancer had a relatively high prevalence of MMR deficiency. MMR-D/MSI-H endometrial cancer patients are suggested to be potential beneficiaries of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor therapy. Here, we explored the prognostic value of MSI subtype in endometrial cancer and its correlation with immune environment. Based on expression and clinical data of 78 POLE, 123 MSI and 299 Other EC samples from the TCGA-UCEC project, we found that the MSI tumors were identified more often in early stage, had a lower age, better patient survival, enriched CD8+ T cells, and regulatory T cells and less M2 macrophages and activated dendritic cells than the Other group, and shared a relatively similar expression profile with POLE group by differential analysis. In addition, we established the immune landscape of an MMR-D endometrial cancer tissue using unbiased single-cell RNA-seq analysis of 3371 cells. By immunohistochemistry analysis, we found that the MMR-D tumors showed a higher trend of CD20+ B cells infiltration. Our study might expand our understanding of the role of immune subsets in MSI endometrial carcinomas and provide guidance of immunotherapy for endometrial cancer.
Biological constraints as norms in evolution
Authors: Tahar Mathilde 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBiology seems to present local and transitory regularities rather than immutable laws. To account for these historically constituted regularities and to distinguish them from mathematical invariants, Montévil and Mossio (Journal of Theoretical Biology 372:179–191, 2015) have proposed to speak of constraints. In this article we analyse the causal power of these constraints in the evolution of biodiversity, i.e., their positivity, but also the modality of their action on the directions taken by evolution. We argue that to fully account for the causal power of these constraints on evolution, they must be thought of in terms of normativity. In this way, we want to highlight two characteristics of the evolutionary constraints. The first, already emphasised as reported by Gould (The structure of evolutionary theory, Harvard University Press, 2002), is that these constraints are both produced by and producing biological evolution and that this circular causation creates true novelties. The second is that this specific causality, which generates unpredictability in evolution, stems not only from the historicity of biological constraints, but also from their internalisation through the practices of living beings.
Arbeitsgestaltung bei Digitalisierung
Authors: Hacker Winfried 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungDer Arbeits- und Gesundheitsschutz bei vorwiegend informationsverarbeitenden, geistigen Erwerbstätigkeiten – zunehmend mit digitalen Arbeitsmitteln und künstlicher Intelligenz – erfordert das Verwirklichen der Merkmale menschenzentrierter Arbeitsgestaltung (DIN EN ISO 6385/2016).Der Beitrag betrifft das menschzentrierte Gestalten des Arbeitsprozesses, nicht der Arbeitsmittel.Das Erfüllen dieser Merkmale soll nicht nur physische und psychische Beeinträchtigungen der Arbeitenden verhindern, sondern auch ihre Kompetenzen erhalten und erweitern sowie das gesundheitliche Wohlbefinden und die Arbeitsleistung fördern.Es werden übertragbare (generische) Vorschläge an die präventive, bedingungszentrierte und partizipative Gestaltung, insbesondere die Funktionsteilung zwischen Menschen und Technik und die Arbeitsorganisation/-teilung bei informationsverarbeitenden Tätigkeiten abgeleitet, die helfen, die Merkmale menschzentrierter Gestaltung zu erfüllen. Arbeitsschritte zur praktischen Verwirklichung sind skizziert.Eine Schwierigkeit beim Anwenden der Vorschläge ist ihre allgemeingültige Form. Sie erfordert das Übertragen auf die vielfältigen informationsverarbeitenden Arbeitstätigkeiten. Eine Hilfe bei ihrer Übertragung sind bewährte duale, partizipative und iterative Strategien der Automatisierung.Das Hauptanliegen ist zu verdeutlichen, dass und in welcher Hinsicht menschenzentrierte Arbeitsgestaltung auch bei vorwiegend informationsverarbeitenden, geistigen Erwerbstätigkeiten unerlässlich ist, und dass Digitalisierung diese präventive menschzentrierte Gestaltung nicht ersetzt, sondern voraussetzt.
Heavy Metal Removal from Aqueous Solutions Using Fly-Ash Derived Zeolite NaP1
Authors: Ankrah Archibald Frank , Tokay Begum , Snape Colin E. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFly-ash derived zeolites have recently -received great attention as cheaper adsorbents to remove heavy metals from water since they can be synthesized from a waste product. In this study, we evaluated the single- and multi-cation adsorption efficiencies of fly-ash derived NaP1 for the removal of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and lead (Pb). We also determined precipitation and leaching from NaP1 during the adsorption. Results showed that the uptake capacities for Zn (34 mg/g) and Pb (192 mg/g) were higher than other fly-ash derived NaP1 and adsorbents such as clinoptilolite and activated carbon. The Cu uptake was estimated ~ 14.6 mg/g. Pb2+  > Cu2+  > Zn2+ is the order for the metal cation selectivity of NaP1. Langmuir adsorption isotherm and pseudo-second order kinetic model fitted best for all elements. The metal uptake occurred in 15 min. Diffusion of hydrated metals through microporous channels is the rate-determining step.