bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does risk aversion explain behavior in a lemon market?
Authors: Lin Lihui 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSiegenthaler proposes an ingenious solution to the lemon market adverse selection problem. He incorporates ‘‘cheap talk’’ in which sellers send out costless and nonbinding messages informing potential buyers of the quality of their goods; these messages could be true or false. This segments the market into several submarkets. Potential buyers need to decide which submarket to enter and what price to bid for the goods. Sellers then decide whether to accept the bid or not. He experimentally tests his model and finds that the comparative static results align with his theory, although the data do not exactly fit the model. Indeed, he does not fit the model to the data. His theory assumes risk‐neutral decision‐makers (DMs). Two reasons why the fit is not perfect may be that the DMs are not risk neutral and not perfectly rational. In this note, we report the results of fitting an asymmetric risk averse quantal response equilibrium (QRE) extension of his model to his data, and we find that the extension fits well. We show that the results are consistent with the market evidence and shed light on future research on lemon markets.
Anaphylaxis in Brazil between 2011 and 2019
Authors: Tanno Luciana Kase , Molinari Nicolas , Annesi‐Maesano Isabella , Demoly Pascal , Bierrenbach Ana Luiza 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere is a lack of population‐based studies of anaphylaxis from low‐ and middle‐income countries. This hampers public health planning and investments and may influence availability of adrenaline auto‐injectors.ObjectiveWe conducted the first national population‐based study of anaphylaxis hospitalization in Brazil.MethodsDescriptive study using routinely reported data to the Brazilian Hospital Information System for the years 2011–2019. Information available is coded based on the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)‐10 and covers main cause of hospitalization (primary cause) and any conditions contributing to it (secondary cause).ResultsOver 9 years, we identified 5716 admissions due to anaphylaxis for all causes. The average hospitalization rate related to anaphylaxis was 0.71/100,000 population per year, with a 2.4% (95% CI 1.9%, 2.9%) increase per annum over the study period. Admissions were more frequent among females (52.8%), except for cases due to insect sting. Most admissions occurred in adulthood, from 30 to 59 years (36.3%) but 13.8% in preschool children (0–4 years). There were more young children admitted for food‐related anaphylaxis, and more adults admitted for drug/iatrogenic‐related anaphylaxis. There were 334 cases (5.8% of admissions) of fatal anaphylaxis over the study period, with increased case fatality rate over time.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceThis is the first study of anaphylaxis hospital admissions using nation‐wide data from a low‐ or middle‐income country. Hospital admissions and fatalities from anaphylaxis in Brazil appear to be increasing.
A synthesis of 15 years of instream woody habitat management: Progress towards benchmarks and assessing fish responses
Authors: Hale Robin , Kitchingman Adrian , Sharley Joanne , Reich Paul , Tonkin Zeb 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

There is increasing focus globally on restoration actions to mitigate the effects of humans on freshwater ecosystems. Given the substantial investments in these actions, there is a need to determine if they meet their intended ecological outcomes. Setting benchmarks and rigorous monitoring of responses to actions are essential but are often not undertaken.

Addition of instream woody habitat (IWH) is one of the most common stream rehabilitation techniques globally, particularly with the aim of enhancing fish populations. We present a synthesis of IWH interventions undertaken over a 15‐year period across the state of Victoria, in south‐eastern Australia. We collated data from 275 rivers on past IWH densities and, using benchmarks that had been set in earlier work, we examined how much current IWH levels deviated from this benchmark (Aim 1), as a way of assessing where IWH is degraded relative to estimated natural levels, and quantified progress towards achieving IWH benchmarks (Aim 2). We then used data from 25 intervention projects to assess fish responses to IWH additions using a meta‐analysis (Aim 3), including exploring the role of several predictors (time since intervention, baseline habitat density) on the magnitude of these responses.

Many rivers had lower IWH densities than their benchmarks. The density of IWH had increased by less than 20% in many waterways where IWH had been added. However, at some locations, IWH additions had led to density increases of more than 40%. Fish responses to IWH additions were mixed overall but we found evidence that positive effects are more likely at locations older than 8 years post‐intervention, and those in areas with higher IWH density prior to additions.

Our study highlighted: (1) deriving benchmarks can help set clear management targets, and facilitate meaningful evaluation of progress; and (2) fish responses to IWH additions may take several years (at least) to occur, and response trajectories can be non‐linear, including the potential for short‐term negative outcomes. Therefore, a long‐term commitment to monitoring and evaluation is needed. Consideration of these points will help river managers decide where to focus their efforts to maximise ecological responses to IWH additions and other restoration actions more broadly.
The effectiveness of psychoeducational interventions on family function among families after stroke: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhou Jia , He Bin , He Yaoyu , Zhu Hongxu , Zhang Mengmeng , Huang Wei , Wang Yuhuan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimsThis meta‐analysis aimed to synthesize the available evidence on the effectiveness of psychoeducational interventions on family function among families after stroke.BackgroundFamily function may be improved by psychoeducational intervention, but findings about the effect of psychoeducation on family function among families after stroke have been mixed.MethodsThis was a meta‐analysis carried out by searching five international electronic databases, including Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and CINAHL, as well as four national electronic databases, including Chinese Biological Medicine (CBM), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), VIP and Wanfang. Two groups of researchers screened the studies independently, assessed the quality of the studies and extracted data. Meta‐analysis was performed by using the RevMan 5.3 software.ResultsFive studies on psychoeducational interventions were included. Pooled analysis of these studies showed a small effect of the interventions on improving family function (WMD: −0.13, 95% CI: −0.24 to −0.01, P < 0.05). Subgroup analysis showed significant differences between the psychoeducation and control groups at 1 month postintervention (WMD: −0.12, 95% CI: −0.18 to −0.05, P < 0.05) and more than 6 months postintervention (WMD: −0.14, 95% CI: −0.24 to −0.04, P < 0.05). The psychoeducational interventions also had positive effect on improving the problem solving (WMD: −0.22, 95% CI: −0.14 to −0.03, P < 0.05) and communication (WMD: −0.23, 95% CI: −0.41 to −0.05, P < 0.05) functions of the family. There were significant differences in the group of dyad intervention (WMD: −0.14, 95% CI: −0.25 to −0.02, P < 0.05) and the group using face to face method (WMD: −0.58, 95% CI: −0.84 to −0.32, P < 0.05).ConclusionsSynthesized results demonstrated the favourable effect of psychoeducational interventions on the improvement of the family function among families after stroke, especially in terms of family problem solving and family communication. Future psychoeducational intervention research design should consider the combination of multiple intervention methods and the applicable population of intervention.
Comparison of the medical costs between active surveillance and other treatments for early prostate cancer in Japan using data from the PRIAS‐JAPAN study
Authors: Kato Takuma , Yokomizo Akira , Matsumoto Ryuji , Tohi Yoichiro , Miyakawa Jimpei , Mitsuzuka Koji , Sasaki Hiroshi , Inokuchi Junichi , Matsumura Masafumi , Sakamoto Shinichi , Kinoshita Hidefumi , Fukuhara Hiroshi , Kamiya Naoto , Kimura Ryu , Nitta Masahiro , Okuno Hiroshi , Akakura Koichiro , Kakehi Yoshiyuki , Sugimoto Mikio 
Published: July 2022

ObjectivesTo compare the medical costs of active surveillance with those of robot‐assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy, brachytherapy, intensity‐modulated radiation therapy, and hormone therapy for low‐risk prostate cancer.MethodsThe costs of protocol biopsies performed in the first year of surveillance (between January 2010 and June 2020) and those of brachytherapy and radiation therapy performed between May 2019 and June 2020 at the Kagawa University Hospital were analyzed. Hormone therapy costs were assumed to be the costs of luteinizing hormone‐releasing hormone analogs for over 5 years. Active surveillance‐eligible patients were defined based on the following: age <74 years, ≤T2, Gleason score ≤6, prostate‐specific antigen level ≤10 ng/ml, and 1–2 positive cores. We estimated the total number of active surveillance‐eligible patients in Japan based on the Japan Study Group of Prostate Cancer (J‐CAP) study and the 2017 cancer statistical data. We then calculated the 5‐year treatment costs of active surveillance‐eligible patients using the J‐CAP and PRIAS‐JAPAN study data.ResultsIn 2017, number of active surveillance‐eligible patients in Japan was estimated to be 2808. The 5‐year total costs of surveillance, prostatectomy, brachytherapy, radiation therapy, and hormone therapy were 1.65, 14.0, 4.61, 4.04, and 5.87 million United States dollar (USD), respectively. If 50% and 100% of the patients in each treatment group had opted for active surveillance as the initial treatment, the total treatment cost would have been reduced by USD 6.89 million (JPY 889 million) and USD 13.8 million (JPY 1.78 billion), respectively.ConclusionExpanding active surveillance to eligible patients with prostate cancer helps save medical costs.
Enhancing the injected electron concentration and thermionic emission property in C12A7:e− ceramic via Al site Zr doping
Authors: Luo Zhuang , Zhang Xin , Xiao Yixin , Liu Weikang , Han Shangru , Ju Shanshan , Liu Nan , Liu Yanqin , Lu Qingmei 
Published: July 2022

Abstract[Ca24Al28O64]4+(4e−) (C12A7:e−) has excellent potential in electric propulsion owing to various advantages, including low work function, low working temperature, and stable chemical properties. However, increasing electron concentration enhances the thermionic emission property of C12A7:e−. This study used a chemical method—spark plasma sintering to synthesize Zr‐doped C12A7:e− (C12(A1 − xZx)7:e−, where x = 0 to 0.14). The study results show that C12(Al0.86Zr0.14)7:e− maximum injected electron concentration (n), conductivity (σ), electron mobility (μn), and zero‐field emission current density (Jo) improved to 2.4 × 1021 /cm3, 1507 S/cm, 5.2 cm2/V·s, and 2.4 A/cm2, respectively. The emission current density of the C12(Al0.86Zr0.14)7:e− could be maintained at about 2.9 A/cm2 under 1100°C, 4000 V, and 600 min. Theoretical calculation results prove that Zr doping broadens the cage conduction band (CCB) of C12A7:e− and reduces the bandgap between the CCB and the frame conduction band. In addition, Zr doping increases the electronic density of states near the Fermi level, and the density of states presents a continuous state. This helps to increase the injected electron concentration and enhance the electrical transport and thermionic emission characteristics of the sample. The calculation results provide theoretical support for the experiment.
Out of the temperate zone: A phylogenomic test of the biogeographical conservatism hypothesis in a contrarian clade of ants
Authors: Branstetter Michael G. , Longino John T. , Reyes‐López Joaquín L. , Brady Seán G. , Schultz Ted R. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimThe standard latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG), in which species richness decreases from equator to pole, is a pervasive pattern observed in most organisms. Some lineages, however, exhibit inverse LDGs. Seemingly problematic, documenting and studying contrarian groups can advance understanding of LDGs generally. Here, we identify one such contrarian clade and use a historical approach to evaluate alternative hypotheses that might explain the group's atypical diversity pattern. We focus on the biogeographical conservatism hypothesis (BCH) and the diversification rate hypothesis (DRH).LocationGlobal.TaxonAnts (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Stenammini).MethodsWe examined the shape of the LDG in Stenammini by plotting latitudinal midpoints for all extant, described species. We inferred a robust genome‐scale phylogeny using UCE data. We estimated divergence dates using beast2 and tested several biogeographical models in BioGeoBEARS. To examine diversification rates and test for a correlation between rate and latitude, we used the programs BAMM and STRAPP, respectively.ResultsStenammini has a skewed inverse LDG with a richness peak in the northern temperate zone. Phylogenomic analyses revealed five major clades and several instances of non‐monophyly among genera (Goniomma, Aphaenogaster). Stenammini and all its major lineages arose in the northern temperate zone. The tribe originated ~51 Ma during a climatic optimum and then diversified and dispersed southward as global climate cooled. Stenammini invaded the tropics at least seven times, but these events occurred more recently and were not linked with increased diversification. There is evidence for a diversification rate increase in Holarctic Aphaenogaster + Messor, but we found no significant correlation between latitude and diversification rate generally.Main ConclusionsOur results largely support the BCH as an explanation for the inverse latitudinal gradient in Stenammini. The clade originated in the Holarctic and likely became more diverse there due to center‐of‐origin, time‐for‐speciation and niche conservatism effects, rather than latitudinal differences in diversification rate.
Psychological legacies of intergenerational trauma under South African apartheid: Prenatal stress predicts greater vulnerability to the psychological impacts of future stress exposure during late adolescence and early adulthood in Soweto, South Africa
Authors: Kim Andrew Wooyoung , Said Mohamed Rihlat , Norris Shane A. , Richter Linda M. , Kuzawa Christopher W. 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundSouth Africa's rates of psychiatric morbidity are among the highest in sub‐Saharan Africa and are foregrounded by the country's long history of political violence during apartheid. Growing evidence suggests that in utero stress exposure is a potent developmental risk factor for future mental illness risk, yet the extent to which the psychiatric effects of prenatal stress impact the next generation are unknown. We evaluate the intergenerational effects of prenatal stress experienced during apartheid on psychiatric morbidity among children at ages 17–18 and also assess the moderating effects of maternal age, social support, and past household adversity.MethodsParticipants come from Birth‐to‐Twenty, a longitudinal birth cohort study in Soweto‐Johannesburg, South Africa's largest peri‐urban township which was the epicentre of violent repression and resistance during the final years of the apartheid regime. Pregnant women were prospectively enrolled in 1990 and completed questionnaires assessing social experiences, and their children's psychiatric morbidity were assessed at ages 17–18.ResultsFull data were available from 304 mother–child pairs in 2007–8. Maternal prenatal stress in 1990 was not directly associated greater psychiatric morbidity during at ages 17–18. Maternal age and past household adversity moderated the intergenerational mental health effects of prenatal stress such that children born to younger mothers and late adolescent/young adult children experiencing greater household adversity exhibited worse psychiatric morbidity at ages 17–18. Social support did not buffer against the long‐term psychiatric impacts of prenatal stress.ConclusionsGreater prenatal stress from apartheid predicted adverse psychiatric outcomes among children born to younger mothers and adolescents/young adults who experienced greater concurrent stress. Our findings suggest that prenatal stress may affect adolescent mental health, have stress‐sensitising effects, and represent possible intergenerational effects of trauma experienced under apartheid in this sample.
What determines foreign direct investment to India's pharmaceutical sector? Intellectual property implementation versus inherent institutional strength
Authors: Bhandarkar Supriya , Rajeev Meenakshi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe Indian pharmaceutical industry has assumed importance during the time of the pandemic. Historically, the absence of an intellectual property rights (IPR) regime in India helped reverse‐engineer products, leading to an exponential growth of the industry. This, however, disincentivised foreign direct investment (FDI) needed for innovation. The ratification of the Trade‐Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) agreement in 1995 increased the confidence of foreign investors, allowing FDI inflow into the sector. However, we argue that the mere adoption of TRIPS is not sufficient for FDI and that its enforcement along with other institutional factors such as corruption and political stability play a crucial role. We also take into account competition for FDI among similarly placed nations, in this case from China. Methodologically, we construct a pharmaceutical patent index that measures the legal framework of IP protection specifically for the sector. An ARDL model using data from 1990 to 2019 shows that while the introduction of IPRs helped the inflow of FDI, the enforcement of these rights, as measured by the strengthening of the patent index, has led to a decrease in FDI. Interestingly, our results also show that India's own core competencies such as improving political stability while reducing corruption and trade barriers were the most dominant determinants. Through developing a concise sector‐specific patent index and taking into account institutional determinants, FDI inflow is analysed in a manner not studied otherwise.
Innate responses to con‐ and heterospecific alarm chemicals in juveniles of a freshwater shrimp
Authors: Ituarte R. B. , Nuñez J. D. , Spivak E. D. , Bas C. C. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractReleased substances from injured conspecifics and heterospecifics (alarm chemicals) often trigger inducible defenses (e.g., behavioral, morphological, and life‐history antipredator defenses). Although there are good reasons to assume that the detection of damage‐release chemicals may be inherited, immediate behaviors to alarm chemicals remain to be assessed in many aquatic taxa. This study examines changes in locomotor activity in juveniles of a freshwater shrimp,Palaemon argentinus, in response to (1) distilled water; (2) macerated adult conspecifics, and (3) macerated adult heterospecifics (a closely related, non‐coexisting species). We tested three sets of juveniles coming from (1) alarm cues‐unexposed mothers (naïve juveniles), (2) mothers exposed to macerated conspecifics, and (3) mothers exposed to macerated heterospecifics. Juveniles were tested for changes in locomotor activity before and after the addition of a corresponding stimulus. Locomotor activity of naïve juveniles decreased in response to con‐ and heterospecific stimuli, while it did not change in response to distilled‐water controls. Effect size, as Cohen'sdRM(the standard mean difference between the pre‐ and the post‐stimulus period using the pooled standard deviation) indicated that the reduction in locomotor activity was strong in response to conspecific stimulus (dRM = −1.521), but it was moderate in response to heterospecific stimulus (dRM = −0.682). While the responses of naïve juveniles indicate an innate recognition of alarm substances, the responses to heterospecifics likely arise from the recognition of chemicals with a molecular structure partly conserved between related species, as predicted by the phylogenetic relatedness hypothesis. Furthermore, juveniles from treated mothers behaved differently than the naïve ones, suggesting that juvenile behavioral traits were modified through embryonic experience. As the embryonic exposure to alarm cues occurs during embryogenesis, we assume that the mothers have perceived these cues also, which might have caused part of the observed developmental effects.
PROtein enriched MEDiterranean diet to combat undernutrition and promote healthy neuroCOGnitive ageing in older adults: The PROMED‐COG consortium project
Authors: O'Neill Roisin F. , Brennan Lorraine , Prinelli Federica , Sergi Giuseppe , Trevisan Caterina , De Groot Lisette C. P. G. M. , Volkert Dorothee , Maggi Stefania , Noale Marianna , Conti Silvia , Adorni Fulvio , Woodside Jayne V. , McKinley Michelle C. , McGuinness Bernadette , Cardwell Chris , McEvoy Claire T. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDementia is a major public health challenge owing to its increasing prevalence and recognised impact on disability among older adults. Observational data indicate that weight loss is associated with increased dementia risk of 30%–40% and precedes a diagnosis of cognitive impairment or dementia by at least one decade. Although relatively little is known about the mechanisms of unintentional weight loss in dementia, this provides a window of opportunity to intervene with strategies to counteract undernutrition and delay, or prevent, the onset of dementia. This article provides an overview of the PROMED‐COG project and associated work packages. The project aimes to (1) strengthen the epidemiologic evidence to better understand the potential benefits of combating undernutrition for healthy neurocognitive ageing; (2) increase scientific knowledge on the balance between a protein enriched Mediterranean diet (PROMED) and physical exercise to prevent undernutrition and promote healthy neurocognitive ageing, and generate data on mechanistic pathways; (3) stimulate collaboration and capacity building for nutrition and neurocognitive ageing research in Europe; and (4) develop public and practice recommendations to combat undernutrition and promote healthy neurocognitive ageing in older adults. Findings will provide new and critical insights into the role of undernutrition in neurocognitive ageing, how this role can differ by sex, genetic risk and timing of undernutrition exposure, and how modifications of dietary and physical activity behaviour can reduce the burden of undernutrition and neurodegeneration. The research outcomes will be useful to inform policy and practice about the dietary guidelines of older people and provide insight to industry for the development of food‐based solutions to prevent undernutrition.