bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting habitat suitability for Townsend's big‐eared bats across California in relation to climate change
Authors: Hamilton Natalie M. , Morrison Michael L. , Harris Leila S. , Szewczak Joseph M. , Osborn Scott D. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractEffective management decisions depend on knowledge of species distribution and habitat use. Maps generated from species distribution models are important in predicting previously unknown occurrences of protected species. However, if populations are seasonally dynamic or locally adapted, failing to consider population level differences could lead to erroneous determinations of occurrence probability and ineffective management. The study goal was to model the distribution of a species of special concern, Townsend's big‐eared bats (Corynorhinus townsendii), in California. We incorporate seasonal and spatial differences to estimate the distribution under current and future climate conditions. We built species distribution models using all records from statewide roost surveys and by subsetting data to seasonal colonies, representing different phenological stages, and to Environmental Protection Agency Level III Ecoregions to understand how environmental needs vary based on these factors. We projected species' distribution for 2061–2080 in response to low and high emissions scenarios and calculated the expected range shifts. The estimated distribution differed between the combined (full dataset) and phenologically explicit models, while ecoregion‐specific models were largely congruent with the combined model. Across the majority of models, precipitation was the most important variable predicting the presence of C. townsendii roosts. Under future climate scenarios, distribution of C. townsendii is expected to contract throughout the state, however suitable areas will expand within some ecoregions. Comparison of phenologically explicit models with combined models indicates the combined models better predict the extent of the known range of C. townsendii in California. However, life‐history‐explicit models aid in understanding of different environmental needs and distribution of their major phenological stages. Differences between ecoregion‐specific and statewide predictions of habitat contractions highlight the need to consider regional variation when forecasting species' responses to climate change. These models can aid in directing seasonally explicit surveys and predicting regions most vulnerable under future climate conditions.
Systemic inflammation as a biomarker of seizure propensity and a target for treatment to reduce seizure propensity
Authors: Stredny Coral , Rotenberg Alexander , Leviton Alan , Loddenkemper Tobias 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPeople with diabetes can wear a device that measures blood glucose and delivers just the amount of insulin needed to return the glucose level to within bounds. Currently, people with epilepsy do not have access to an equivalent wearable device that measures a systemic indicator of an impending seizure and delivers a rapidly acting medication or other intervention (e.g., an electrical stimulus) to terminate or prevent a seizure. Given that seizure susceptibility is reliably increased in systemic inflammatory states, we propose a novel closed‐loop device where release of a fast‐acting therapy is governed by sensors that quantify the magnitude of systemic inflammation. Here, we review the evidence that patients with epilepsy have raised levels of systemic indicators of inflammation than controls, and that some anti‐inflammatory drugs have reduced seizure occurrence in animals and humans. We then consider the options of what might be incorporated into a responsive anti‐seizure system.
Identification and clinical characteristics of a novel missense ADGRG1 variant in bilateral Frontoparietal Polymicrogyria: The electroclinical change from infancy to adulthood after Callosotomy in three siblings
Authors: Kuo Cheng‐Yen , Tsai Meng‐Han , Lin Hsi‐Hsien , Wang Yu‐Chi , Singh Abhishek Kumar , Chang Chih‐Chen , Lin Jainn‐Jim , Hung Po‐Cheng , Lin Kuang‐Lin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveBilateral frontoparietal polymicrogyria (BFPP) is a rare genetic‐related migration disorder. It has been attributed to loss‐of‐function of the ADGRG1 gene, which encodes an adhesion G protein‐coupled receptor, ADGRG1/GPR56. We report the EEG findings of BFPP in three Asian patients, and confirmed that change in protein function was caused by the novel missense variant (p.Leu290Pro).MethodsWe reviewed the medical records of three siblings with BFPP including one elder girl and two identical twin boys from birth to adulthood. The clinical symptoms, electroencephalography (EEG), brain MRI, whole‐exome sequencing, treatment including medications, neuromodulation, and epilepsy surgery, and clinical outcomes were reviewed. The protein structure of a novel missense variant (p.Leu290Pro) was predicted by in silico studies, and molecular analysis was performed via typical flow cytometry and Western blotting.ResultsThe elder girl (Patient 1) was 22 years old and the twin boys (Patients 2 and 3) were 20 years old at the time of publication. All of them presented with typical clinical symptoms/signs and MRI findings of BFPP. Whole‐exome sequencing followed by Sanger confirmation showed that all three patients had compound heterozygous variants in the ADGRG1 gene. The missense variant (p.Leu290Pro) was confirmed to be related to a reduction in cell surface GPR56 expression. High‐amplitude rhythmic activity was noted in sleep EEG during infancy, which may have been due to excessive sleep spindle, and the rhythm disappeared when they were of pre‐school age. Partial callosotomy provided short‐term benefits in seizure control in Patients 1 and 2, and combined vagus nerve stimulation and partial callosotomy provided longer benefits in Patient 3.SignificanceSleep EEG findings of high‐amplitude rhythmic activity in our BFPP cases were only noted during infancy and childhood. We also confirmed that the missense variant (p.Leu290Pro) led to loss of function due to a reduction in cell surface GPR56 expression.
Clinical outcomes of combined cervical and transthoracic surgical approaches in patients with advanced thyroid cancer
Authors: Shenson Jared A. , Zafereo Mark E. , Lee Mark , Contrera Kevin J. , Feng Lei , Boonsripitayanon Mongkol , Gross Neil , Goepfert Ryan , Maniakas Anastasios , Wang Jennifer Rui , Grubbs Libby , Vaporciyan Ara , Hofstetter Wayne , Swisher Stephen , Mehran Reza , Rice David , Sepesi Boris , Antonoff Mara , Cabanillas Maria , Busaidy Naifa , Dadu Ramona , Silver Natalie L. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundAdvanced thyroid disease involving the mediastinum may be managed surgically with a combined transcervical and transthoracic approach. Contemporary analysis of this infrequently encountered cohort will aid the multidisciplinary team in personalizing treatment approaches.MethodsRetrospective review of patients undergoing combined transcervical and transthoracic surgery for thyroid cancer at a single high‐volume institution from 1994 to 2015.ResultsThirty‐eight patients with median age 59 years (range 28–76) underwent surgery without perioperative mortality. Most patients had primary disease. A majority had distant metastases outside the mediastinum but had locoregionally curable disease. Common complications were temporary (39%) and permanent (18%) hypoparathyroidism, and wound infection (13%). One‐year overall survival was 84%; 1‐year locoregional disease‐free survival was 64%. Median time to locoregional recurrence was 36 months. Only esophageal invasion was associated with worse oncologic outcomes.ConclusionsCombined transcervical and transthoracic surgery for advanced thyroid cancer can be performed without mortality and with acceptable morbidity.
Linking evapotranspiration seasonal cycles to the water balance of headwater catchments with contrasting land uses
Authors: Peixoto Neto Alberto M. L. , Cartwright Ian , Silva Marcela R. F. , McHugh Ian , Dresel P. Evan , Teodosio Bertrand , Jovanovic Dusan , McCaskill Malcom R. , Webb John , Daly Edoardo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractLand use affects evapotranspiration rates and is a primary driver of the catchment water balance. The water balance of two catchments in southeastern Australia dominated by either grazed pasture or blue gum (Eucalyptus globulus) plantation was studied, focusing on the patterns of evapotranspiration (ET) throughout the year. Rainfall, streamflow, and groundwater levels measured between 2015 and 2019 were combined to estimate annual ET using a water balance equation. In the pasture, eddy covariance was used to measure ET from the catchment. Sap flow measurements were used to estimate tree transpiration in May 2017–May 2018 and Feb 2019–Feb 2021 in two different plots within the plantation. The tree transpiration rates were added to interception, estimated as a percentage of annual rainfall, to calculate ET from the plantation catchment. ET in the pasture showed strong seasonal cycles with very low ET rates in summer and ET rates in spring that were larger than the transpiration rates in the plantation, where trees transpired consistently throughout the year. The estimated annual ET from the water balance equation was comparable to ET estimated from other measurements. In the pasture, ET on average accounted for 88% of annual rainfall, while ET in the plantation was on average 93% of rainfall, exceeding it in the years with annual rainfall lower than about 500 mm. The difference between the ET rates in the plantation and the pasture was approximately 30–50 mm y−1. The larger ET rates in the plantation were reflected in a gradual decrease in the groundwater storage. The larger ET rates were enough to cause a decrease in groundwater storage in the plantation but not in the pasture, where groundwater levels remained stable.
Probabilistic risk assessment of sustainable fish consumption at sediment sites
Authors: Ruffle Betsy , Pfeiffer Danielle , Morrison Emily , Kirkwood Gemma , Anderson Paul 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) using a range of sustainable usual fish consumption rates (SUFCRs) was performed to evaluate the potential health risks from consuming resident fish at two contaminated sediment sites. The analysis focused on the Portland Harbor Superfund Site, a large river in Oregon, and Koppers Pond, a small pond in New York. At both sites, the sediment cleanup remedy is driven by PCBs in resident fish. The PRA fit probability distributions to inputs used to develop a distribution of SUFCR, the long-term fish consumption rate sustainably supported by a fishery, and other exposure parameters to calculate the range and likelihood of cancer risks and noncancer hazards for adult anglers. At the 95th percentile, which is often considered a reasonable maximum exposure (RME), the SUFCRs calculated using site-specific inputs are six- to ten-fold lower than the point estimate fish consumption rates used in the deterministic baseline human health risk assessment conducted for each site. The combination of sustainable fish consumption rates and probabilistic methods results in a range of risks and thereby provides more information than the more commonly used deterministic approach. For over 99% of the resident fish-consuming population, the potential cancer risks and noncancer hazards calculated in the PRA are below the deterministic estimates for the RME adult consumer at each site. The combination of PRA with the estimation of SUFCRs is a novel application of these techniques at contaminated sediment sites that provides critical information for risk management decision-making. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;19:830–843. © 2022 AECOM Technical Services, Inc and The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
Mediation effect of intestinal microbiota on the relationship between fiber intake and colorectal cancer
Authors: Shimomura Yoshimitsu , Zha Ling , Komukai Sho , Narii Nobuhiro , Sobue Tomotaka , Kitamura Tetsuhisa , Shiba Satoshi , Mizutani Sayaka , Yamada Takuji , Sawada Norie , Yachida Shinichi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHigher fiber intake has been associated with a lower risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) and has been shown to protect against CRC based on probable evidence. Recent studies revealed a possible mechanism whereby the interaction between intestinal microbiota and fiber intake mediates CRC risk. However, the specific intestinal bacteria and the amount of these bacteria involved in this mechanism are not fully known. Therefore, this single‐center study aimed to determine whether specific intestinal bacteria mediated the relationship between fiber intake and CRC risk. We enrolled patients who received colonoscopy at National Cancer Center Hospital. This cross‐sectional study included 180 patients with clinically diagnosed CRC and 242 controls. We conducted a causal mediation analysis to assess the natural indirect effect and natural direct effect of specific intestinal bacteria on association between fiber intake and CRC risk. The median age was 64 (interquartile range, 54‐70) years, and 58% of the participants were males. We used metagenomics for profiling gut microbiomes. The relative abundance of each species in each sample was calculated. Among the candidate, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Gemella morbillorum had a significant natural indirect effect based on their highest fiber intake compared to the lowest fiber intake, with a risk difference (95% confidence interval, proportion of mediation effect) of −0.06 [−0.09 to −0.03, 23%] and −0.03 [−0.06 to −0.01, 10.5%], respectively. Other bacteria did not display natural indirect effects. In conclusion, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Gemella morbillorum were found to mediate the relationship between fiber intake and CRC risk.
Asiaticoside attenuates oxygen–glucose deprivation/reoxygenation‐caused injury of cardiomyocytes by inhibiting autophagy
Authors: Yao Mingyan , Wang Jie , Zhang Jing , Guo Yifang , Ni Zhiyu , Jia Xinwei , Feng Huiping 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAsiaticoside is a natural triterpene compound derived from Centella asiatica, possessing confirmed cardioprotective property. However, the roles of asiaticoside in regulating oxygen–glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R)‐caused cardiomyocyte dysfunction remain largely obscure. Human cardiomyocyte AC16 cells were stimulated with OGD/R to mimic myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury and treated with asiaticoside. Cytotoxicity was investigated by CCK‐8 assay and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release analysis. Autophagy‐ and Wnt/β‐catenin signaling‐related protein levels were measured via western blotting. Asiaticoside (0–20 μM) did not induce cardiomyocyte cytotoxicity. Asiaticoside (20 μM) mitigated OGD/R‐induced autophagy, cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, and myocardial injury. Rapamycin, an autophagy inductor, reversed the influences of asiaticoside on autophagy, cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, and myocardial injury, whereas 3‐methyadanine, an autophagy inhibitor, played an opposite effect. Asiaticoside (20 μM) attenuated OGD/R‐induced Wnt/β‐catenin signaling inactivation, which was reversed after transfection with si‐β‐catenin. Transfection with si‐β‐catenin attenuated the influences of asiaticoside on autophagy, cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, and myocardial injury. In conclusion, asiaticoside protected against OGD/R‐induced cardiomyocyte cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, and myocardial injury via blunting autophagy through activating the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling, indicating the therapeutic potential of asiaticoside in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury.
A Quantification Method for Disorganized Bone Components: Application to the Femoral Shaft
Authors: Zebaze Roger , Shore‐Lorenti Catherine , Nguyen Hanh H , Chiang Cherie , Milat Frances , Ebeling Peter R 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTBased on the current paradigm, a healthy bone is one with adequate mass without microarchitectural decay. However, these two features may not be sufficient to ensure that a bone is healthy. In addition, components must be correctly assembled and aligned. This ensures “the right amount of bone, at the right place” and thus, an optimal cohesion or interplay between constituents. Disorganization may be an independent contributor to bone abnormalities including fragility fractures. Indeed, many bone diseases may be characterized by the presence of disorganized bone, including osteogenesis imperfecta, hypophosphatasia, and atypical femur fractures (AFFs). Despite its likely importance, currently, there are no tools to quantify disorganization in vivo. We address this unmet need by describing a novel method for quantifying bone disorganization from X‐ray images. Disorganization is quantified as variations in the orientation of bone components in relation to a target reference point. True disorganization created by disarranging (misplacing) pixels within the bone served as “gold standard.” To further validate the method in clinical settings, we compared disorganization in three groups of femurs: (i) femurs of women with AFFs (n = 9); (ii) fracture‐free femurs contralateral to AFFs (n = 9); and (iii) fracture‐free femurs from controls (n = 25). There was excellent agreement between measured disorganization and “gold standard,” with R2 values ranging from 0.84 to 0.99. Precision error ranged from 1.72% to 4.69%. Disorganization produced by abnormalities associated with AFFs was accurately captured. Disorganization level was lowest in fracture‐free control femurs, higher in fracture‐free contralateral femurs to AFFs, and highest in femurs with AFFs (all p < 0.0001). Quantification of disorganization, a novel biomarker, may provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of metabolic bone diseases beyond that provided by bone mineral density (BMD) or microarchitecture. We provide evidence that measurement of disorganization is likely to help identify patients at risk for fractures, especially in those poorly explained by BMD or microarchitecture such as AFFs. © 2023 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Sensitive determination of ethosuximide in human fluids by electromembrane extraction coupled with high performance liquid chromatography ultraviolet spectroscopy
Authors: Nabizadeh Hassan , Mohammadi Ali , Dolatabadi Roshanak , Nojavan Saeed , Vahabizad Fahimeh 
Published: December 2022

AbstractEthosuximide (ETX) is a common antiepileptic drug in the first line of absence epilepsy. In this study, for the first time, an economical and efficient electro‐membrane (EME) method for determination of ETX in a complex biological matrix using HPLC‐UV has been developed. Factors affecting conventional EME were evaluated. 1‐Octanol was immobilized in a polypropylene membrane and a voltage of 35 V was applied between two platinum electrodes for 15 min. The pH of acceptor and donor phases for ionization of ETX was adjusted to 13 and 11, respectively. Under optimal microextraction conditions, the enrichment factor was 21.02 and the linear range of ETX was 0.25 to 8.00 μg/mL with an acceptable R2 ≥ 0.9986. Inter‐day and intra‐day precision and accuracy of the suggested method were calculated with RSD < 9.5% and relative error <7.0%, respectively. The mean relative recovery of ETX in the human saliva and plasma samples was 81.68% and 74.47, respectively; while limit of detection and quantification concentrations were 0.08 and 0.25 μg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, to evaluate the application of the method, plasma and saliva samples of volunteers administering a single dose of ETX were analyzed successfully by EME‐HPLC‐UV method.
Serum calprotectin can indicate current and future severity ofCOVID‐19
Authors: Shokri‐Afra Hajar , Moradi Mona , Musavi Hadis , Moradi‐Sardareh Hemen , Moradi poodeh Bahman , Kazemi Veisari Arash , Oladi Ziaeddin , Ebrahimi Mahboobe 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundPredictive and prognostic biomarkers to guide 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) are critically evolving. Dysregulated immune responses are the pivotal cause of severity mainly mediated by neutrophil activation. Thus, we evaluated the association of calprotectin, neutrophil secretory protein, and other mediators of inflammation with the severity and outcomes of COVID‐19.MethodsThis two‐center prospective study focused on PCR‐proven COVID‐19 patients (n = 76) with different clinical presentations and SARS‐CoV‐2 negative control subjects (n = 24). Serum calprotectin (SC) was compared with IL‐6 and other laboratory parameters.ResultsMedian levels of SC were significantly higher in COVID‐19 patients in comparison to the control group (3760 vs. 2100 ng/ml,p < 0.0001). Elevated SC was significantly respective of disease severity (3760 ng/ml in mild up to 5700 ng/ml in severe cases,p < 0.0001). Moreover, the significant positive and negative correlations of SC with disease severity and oxygenation status indicated disease progression and respiratory worsening, respectively. It was found that SC was high in severe patients during hospitalization and significantly declined to normal after recovery. The logistic analysis identified the independent predictive power of SC for respiratory status or clinical severity. Indeed, SC behaved as a better discriminator for both outcomes, as it exhibited the largest area under the curve (receiver operating curve analysis), with the highest specificity and sensitivity when the predictive value of inflammatory biomarkers was compared.ConclusionCalprotectin can be used as a reliable prognostic tool to predict the poor clinical outcomes of COVID‐19 patients.
Exposure–Response Analyses of Polysomnography and Subjective Sleep Efficacy End Points From the Phase 3 Trials of Lemborexant, a Dual Orexin Receptor Antagonist for the Treatment of Insomnia
Authors: Lalovic Bojan , Savant Landry Ishani , Moline Margaret , Reyderman Larisa , Hussein Ziad 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis report describes polysomnography and sleep diary exposure–response analyses from Study E2006‐G000‐304 (Study 304), a 1‐month trial of 5‐ or 10‐mg lemborexant, zolpidem, or placebo; and Study E2006‐G000‐303 (Study 303), a 6‐month trial of 5‐ or 10‐mg lemborexant or placebo. Studies 304 and 303 included 1006 (86%) and 956 (68%) (female) participants, respectively; >40% were ≥65 years, with individual lemborexant exposures derived from a previously described pharmacokinetic model. Linear mixed‐effects analyses of polysomnography: latency to persistent sleep (LPS), sleep efficiency (SE), and wake after sleep onset (WASO) quantified the change from baseline given lemborexant exposure, time, and covariates, guided by consensus recommendations regarding clinical significance. A small impact of sex, body weight, and race was predicted for LPS and SE, irrespective of treatment. Effect of age on LPS was small; baseline SE was estimated to be 8% higher for a 50‐year‐old versus an 80‐year‐old, decreasing to 6% by 1 month. Baseline WASO was 13 minutes longer for Black versus White subjects, corresponding to a 5‐minute lower change from baseline at the end of the study. For subjective end points, the statistically significant covariate effects for age, sex, and race were not deemed therapeutically relevant, likely reflecting physiologic sleep pattern changes across age and study subgroups. Both polysomnography and subjective analyses indicated clinically meaningful differences from baseline for both lemborexant treatments, with effects being greater for 10‐mg versus 5‐mg lemborexant, while indicating that covariate‐specific lemborexant dose adjustments are not warranted.