bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Salivary gland neoplasms with basaloid features in the era of the Milan system for reporting salivary gland cytology: Classification and interobserver agreement
Authors: Layfield Lester J. , Esebua Magda , Pantanowitz Liron , Maleki Zahra , Vazmitsel Maryna , Baloch Zubair , Cantley Richard L. , Schmidt Robert 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology (MSRSGC) has been shown to have moderate to good reproducibility for categorization of salivary gland fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) specimens. Less is known of its accuracy and interobserver reproducibility for categorization of the diagnostically difficult group of basaloid neoplasms.MethodsForty‐five salivary gland specimens with a basaloid morphology (pleomorphic and monomorphic adenomas and adenoid cystic carcinomas) were independently assigned by seven cytopathologists to one of the MSRSGC categories. Interobserver agreement was assessed for average agreement, chance expected agreement and by Cohen's κ and diagnostic accuracy. Correlation of the salivary gland neoplasm of unknown malignant potential (SUMP) category with histologic diagnosis and benign or malignant designation along with interobserver reproducibility were calculated.ResultsAverage observed agreement for assignment to the MSRSGC was 46% and Cohen's κ = 0.2%. The SUMP category did not correlate with tumor type or with the benign or malignant nature of the neoplasm. Diagnostic specificity and sensitivity were 92% and 100% for consensus diagnosis, but were 76% and 77% for individual diagnoses.ConclusionThe interobserver agreement in categorizing basaloid neoplasms by the MSRSGC is poorer than for salivary gland lesions overall. This reflects the difficulty in diagnosing basaloid neoplasms. Nonetheless, diagnostic accuracy appears similar to that of salivary gland neoplasms as a whole.
A critical examination of disparities in eating disorder symptoms by sexual orientation among US adults in the NESARC‐III
Authors: Shepherd Benjamin F. , Brochu Paula M. , Rodriguez‐Seijas Craig 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveSexual minoritized persons evidence higher prevalence of eating disorders than heterosexual persons, yet it is unclear which specific symptoms drive these disparities. Empirical evidence also documents the importance of considering subclinical eating disorder presentations, as well as potential differentiation in expression of eating disorder symptoms based on gender. The current study complements that of Kamody et al. (2020), who examined sexual orientation‐based disparities in eating disorder diagnoses using a nationally representative sample of the US adult population.MethodUsing the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions‐III (NESARC‐III), we compared the prevalence of eating disorder symptoms across sexual minority status separately for men and women.ResultsSexual minoritized men were more likely than heterosexual men to report body mass index (BMI) < 18.5 kg/m2 (odds ratio [OR] = 1.76), thus, being screened into questions about restrictive eating. Sexual minoritized women were more likely than heterosexual women to endorse ever engaging in a binge‐eating episode (OR = 2.25) and engaging in weekly binge eating for at least 3 months (OR = 1.58), thus, being screened into follow‐up questions about binge eating. Sexual minoritized men were more likely than heterosexual men to fear gaining weight even when at their lowest weight (OR = 4.35) and experience a loss of control when overeating (OR = 3.13).DiscussionSexual orientation‐based disparities in eating disorder symptom endorsement were nuanced when stratifying the entire sample by gender. Findings expand previous research on disparities in clinical/diagnosed eating disorders, highlighting the importance of assessing symptomology beyond diagnosis, as well as the intersectional influence of sexual orientation and gender, in both research and practice.
Post‐fire pickings: Large herbivores alter understory vegetation communities in a coastal eucalypt forest
Authors: Chard Matthew , Foster Claire N. , Lindenmayer David B. , Cary Geoffrey J. , MacGregor Christopher I. , Blanchard Wade 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFire and herbivores alter vegetation structure and function. Future fire activity is predicted to increase, and quantifying changes in vegetation communities arising from post‐fire herbivory is needed to better manage natural environments. We investigated the effects of post‐fire herbivory on understory plant communities in a coastal eucalypt forest in southeastern Australia. We quantified herbivore activity, understory plant diversity, and dominant plant morphology following a wildfire in 2017 using two sizes of exclosures. Statistical analysis incorporated the effect of exclusion treatments, time since fire, and the effect of a previous prescribed burn. Exclusion treatments altered herbivore activity, but time since fire did not. Herbivory reduced plant species richness, diversity, and evenness and promoted the dominance of the most abundant plants within the understory. Increasing time since fire reduced community diversity and evenness and influenced morphological changes to the dominant understory plant species, increasing size and dead material while decreasing abundance. We found the legacy effects of a previous prescribed burn had no effect on herbivores or vegetation within our study. Foraging by large herbivores resulted in a depauperate vegetation community. As post‐fire herbivory can alter vegetation communities, we postulate that management burning practices may exacerbate herbivore impacts. Future fire management strategies to minimize herbivore‐mediated alterations to understory vegetation could include aggregating management burns into larger fire sizes or linking fire management with herbivore management. Restricting herbivore access following fire (planned or otherwise) can encourage a more diverse and species‐rich understory plant community. Future research should aim to determine how vegetation change from post‐fire herbivory contributes to future fire risk.
Emigration effects on estimates of age‐ and sex‐specific survival of two sciurids
Authors: Weldy Matthew J. , Lesmeister Damon B. , Epps Clinton W. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAge‐ and sex‐specific survival estimates are crucial to understanding important life history characteristics, and variation in these estimates can be a key driver of population dynamics. When estimating survival using Cormack–Jolly–Seber (CJS) models, emigration is typically unknown but confounded with apparent survival. Consequently, especially for populations or age classes with high dispersal rates, apparent survival estimates are often biased low and temporal patterns in survival might be masked when site fidelity varies temporally. We used 9 years of annual mark–recapture data to estimate age‐, sex‐, and time‐specific apparent survival of Humboldt's flying squirrels (Glaucomys oregonensis) and Townsend's chipmunks (Neotamias townsendii). For Humboldt's flying squirrels, these estimates support a small body of research investigating potential variation in survival among age and sex classes, but age‐ and sex‐specific survival has not been evaluated for Townsend's chipmunks. We also quantified the effects of age‐ and sex‐specific emigration on confounded estimates of apparent survival. Our estimates of juvenile flying squirrel survival were high relative to other small mammal species and estimates for both species were variable among years. We found survival differed moderately among age and sex classes for Humboldt's flying squirrels, but little among age and sex classes for Townsend's chipmunks, and that the degree to which emigration confounded apparent survival estimates varied substantially among years. Our results demonstrate that emigration can influence commonly used estimates of apparent survival. Unadjusted estimates confounded the interpretation of differences in survival between age and sex classes and masked potential temporal patterns in survival because the magnitude of adjustment varied among years. We conclude that apparent survival estimators are robust during some time periods; however, when emigration rates vary in time, the effects of emigration should be carefully considered and accounted for.
Fishing cat Prionailurus viverrinus distribution and habitat suitability in Nepal
Authors: Mishra Rama , de Iongh Hans H. , Leirs Hewig , Lamichhane Babu Ram , Subedi Naresh , Kolipaka Shekhar S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe fishing cat Prionailurus viverrinus is a wetland specialist species endemic to South and Southeast Asia. Nepal represents the northern limit of its biogeographic range, but comprehensive information on fishing cat distribution in Nepal is lacking. To assess their distribution, we compiled fishing cat occurrence records (n = 154) from Nepal, available in published literature and unpublished data (2009–2020). Bioclimatic and environmental variables associated with their occurrence were used to predict the fishing cat habitat suitability using MaxEnt modeling. Fishing cat habitat suitability was associated with elevation (152–302 m), precipitation of the warmest quarter, i.e., April–June (668–1014 mm), precipitation of the driest month (4–7 mm), and land cover (forest/grassland and wetland). The model predicted an area of 4.4% (6679 km2) of Nepal as potential habitat for the fishing cat. About two‐thirds of the predicted potentially suitable habitat lies outside protected areas; however, a large part of the highly suitable habitat (67%) falls within protected areas. The predicted habitat suitability map serves as a reference for future investigation into fishing cat distribution as well as formulating and implementing effective conservation programs in Nepal. Fishing cat conservation initiatives should include habitats inside and outside the protected areas to ensure long‐term survival. We recommend conservation of wetland sites, surveys of fishing cats in the identified potential habitats, and studying their genetic connectivity and population status.
Climate alters the movement ecology of a non‐migratory bird
Authors: Neumann Landon K. , Fuhlendorf Samuel D. , Davis Craig A. , Wilder Shawn M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractGlobal climate change is causing increased climate extremes threatening biodiversity and altering ecosystems. Climate is comprised of many variables including air temperature, barometric pressure, solar radiation, wind, relative humidity, and precipitation that interact with each other. As movement connects various aspects of an animal's life, understanding how climate influences movement at a fine‐temporal scale will be critical to the long‐term conservation of species impacted by climate change. The sedentary nature of non‐migratory species could increase some species risk of extirpation caused by climate change. We used Northern Bobwhite (Colinus virginianus; hereafter bobwhite) as a model to better understand the relationship between climate and the movement ecology of a non‐migratory species at a fine‐temporal scale. We collected movement data on bobwhite from across western Oklahoma during 2019–2020 and paired these data with meteorological data. We analyzed movement in three different ways (probability of movement, hourly distance moved, and sinuosity) using two calculated movement metrics: hourly movement (displacement between two consecutive fixes an hour apart) and sinuosity (a form of tortuosity that determines the amount of curvature of a random search path). We used generalized linear‐mixed models to analyze probability of movement and hourly distance moved, and used linear‐mixed models to analyze sinuosity. The interaction between air temperature and solar radiation affected probability of movement and hourly distance moved. Bobwhite movement increased as air temperature increased beyond 10°C during low solar radiation. During medium and high solar radiation, bobwhite moved farther as air temperature increased until 25–30°C when hourly distance moved plateaued. Bobwhite sinuosity increased as solar radiation increased. Our results show that specific climate variables alter the fine‐scale movement of a non‐migratory species. Understanding the link between climate and movement is important to determining how climate change may impact a species’ space use and fitness now and in the future.
Comparing short‐term/long‐term outcomes of heart transplants that occur inside and outside of normal working hours
Authors: Nishida Hidefumi , Salerno Christopher , Onsager David , Song Tae , Nguyen Ann , Grinstein Jonathan , Chung Bow , Smith Bryan , Kalantari Sara , Sarswat Nitasha , Kim Gene , Pinney Sean , Jeevanandam Valluvan , Ota Takeyoshi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimsHeart transplantation involves many factors such as donor selection, recipient management, multidisciplinary assessment, coordination with other organ teams, and transportation. Because of some unpredictable factors, heart transplantation can be conducted at any time of day. The purpose of this study is to investigate if outcomes differ between heart transplants taking place inside or outside of normal working hours.Methods and resultsWe reviewed patients who underwent heart transplantation at our institution from January 2010 to July 2020 (n = 329). Based on the documented start time of the recipient surgeries, the cohort was divided into two groups: working hours (Group A: 7:30 to 17:00; n = 92) and after hours (Group B: 17:00 to 7:30; n = 237). We compared these groups using propensity score matching analysis. After propensity score matching, 78 pairs of patients were successfully matched. We reviewed early and late clinical outcomes including survival. Long‐term survival was compared using the Kaplan–Meier method. In the propensity‐score matched patients, there were no significant differences in the baseline characteristics between two groups. In‐hospital mortality was not significantly different between the two groups (Group A: 6.4% vs. Group B: 2.6%, P = 0.44). Ischaemic time and cross‐clamp time did not differ between the groups. In terms of postoperative complications, there were no significant differences between two groups in stroke (6.4% vs. 3.9%, P = 0.72), primary graft dysfunction requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (5.1% vs. 7.7%, P = 0.75), re‐exploration for bleeding (9.0% vs. 12.8%, P = 0.44), and newly required haemodialysis (7.7% vs. 6.4%, P = 0.75). The survival rate in Group A (88.1% at 1 year, 81.3% at 3 years) was not significantly different from Group B (90.5% at 1 year, 82.3% at 3 years, log rank = 0.96).ConclusionThere was no significant difference in clinical outcomes between heart transplants taking place inside or outside of working hours. A high quality of care can be provided for heart transplant patients even during after hours.
Transient versus persistent improved ejection fraction in non‐ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Manca Paolo , Stolfo Davide , Merlo Marco , Gregorio Caterina , Cannatà Antonio , Ramani Federica , Nuzzi Vincenzo , Lund Lars H. , Savarese Gianluigi , Sinagra Gianfranco 
Published: April 2022

AimsThe recent definition of heart failure with improved ejection fraction outlined the importance of the longitudinal assessment of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). However, long‐term progression and outcomes of this subgroup are poorly explored. We sought to assess the LVEF trajectories and their correlations with outcome in non‐ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy (NICM) with improved ejection fraction (impEF).Methods and resultsConsecutive NICM patients with baseline LVEF ≤40% enrolled in the Trieste Heart Muscle Disease Registry with ≥1 LVEF assessment after baseline were included. ImpEF was defined as a baseline LVEF ≤40%, and second evaluation showing both a ≥10% point increase from baseline LVEF and LVEF >40%. Transient impEF was defined by the documentation of recurrent LVEF ≤40% during follow‐up. The primary endpoint was a composite of all‐cause death, heart transplantation and left ventricular assist device (D/HT/LVAD). Among 800 patients, 460 (57%) had impEF (median time to improvement 13 months). Transient impEF was observed in 189 patients (41% of the overall impEF group) and was associated with higher risk of D/HT/LVAD compared with persistent impEF at multivariable analysis (hazard ratio 2.54; 95% confidence interval 1.60–4.04). The association of declining LVEF with the risk of D/HT/LVAD was non‐linear, with a steep increase up to 8% points reduction, then remaining stable.ConclusionsIn NICM, a 57% rate of impEF was observed. However, recurrent decline in LVEF was observed in ≈40% of impEF patients and it was associated with an increased risk of D/HT/LVAD.
Synthesis and Application of Monofluoroalkyl Building Blocks: α‐Halo‐α‐fluoroketones
Authors: Zheng Cheng , Cui Xuhui , Wu Jingjing , Wu Pingjie , Yu Yanyan , Liu Hanwen , Wu Fanhong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA convenient and versatile synthesis of α‐halo‐α‐fluoroketones, including α‐iodo‐α‐fluoroketones, α‐bromo‐α‐fluoroketones and α‐chloro‐α‐fluoroketones by using Wu–Colby's protocol involving the release of trifluoroacetate was reported. The ketones’ application as monofluoroalkyl building blocks was explored through coupling and radical reactions. The results indicated that α‐iodo‐α‐fluoroketones are the most popular reagents to construct diverse valuable single‐fluorinated molecules.
Development of a Novel Electrochemical Sensor Based on Functionalized Carbon Black for the Detection of Guanine Released from DNA Hydrolysis
Authors: El Aamri Maliana , Mohammadi Hasna , Amine Aziz 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this work, we reported a new strategy based on DNA strands hydrolysis in combination with the employment of functionalized carbon black modified screen‐printed electrode (f‐CB/SPE) for guanine detection. Using glass microbeads as a solid substrate of ssDNA probe fixation, and under appropriate conditions of temperature, time, and hydrochloric acid concentration, DNA hydrolysis has been successfully used to release the guanine, allowing its oxidation at f‐CB/SPE using differential pulse voltammetry. The selectivity was successfully tested with a non‐complementary sequence, and a detection limit of 0.7 nM of the target DNA has been reached.
Detection of Carbendazim in Natural Waters Using a Sensor Based on Magnetite Nanoparticles Modified with Ascorbic Acid/β‐Cyclodextrin
Authors: Alves Freitas Aline , Cruz Vieira Iolanda 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper describes the development of an electrochemical sensor for carbendazim detection using a glassy carbon electrode modified with a new nanomaterial obtained from the synthesis of magnetite nanoparticles stabilized with ascorbic acid and β‐cyclodextrin. The nanoparticles were characterized and the sensor was evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and square wave voltammetry. The calibration curves were linear for carbendazim concentration ranges of 3.33–13.29 μmol L−1 and 16.61–29.82 μmol L−1 with detection limits of 0.43 μmol L−1 and 2.34 μmol L−1, respectively. The proposed sensor represents a fast, efficient and low‐cost analytical tool for pesticide monitoring in natural waters.
Conversion of recombinant human ferritin light chain inclusion bodies into uniform nanoparticles in Escherichia coli for facile production
Authors: Song Xiaotong , Zheng Yongxiang , Liu Yongdong , Meng Huan , Yu Rong , Zhang Chun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractProkaryotic expression systems are widely used to produce many types of biologics because of their extreme conveniences and unmatchable cost. However, production of recombinant human ferritin light chain (rhFTL) protein is largely restrained because its expression in Escherichia coli tends to form inclusion bodies (IBs). In this study, a prokaryotic expression vector (FTL‐pBV220) harboring the rhFTL gene was constructed using a pBV220 plasmid. The tag‐free rhFTL was highly expressed and almost entirely converted to soluble form, and thus the rhFTL was successfully self‐assembled into uniform nanoparticles in E. coli. To establish a simplified downstream process, a precipitation procedure based on the optimized incubation temperature, pH condition, and ionic strength was developed to remove impurities from the crude lysate supernatant. The rhFTL retained in the clarified supernatant was subsequently purified in a single step using Capto Butyl column resulting in a considerable recovery and high purity. The purified rhFTL was characterized and verified by mass spectrometry and spectral and morphological analyses. The results revealed that rhFTL exhibited highly ordered and fairly compact structures and the spherical structures were preserved.
Sustainable policy performance and types of governance: Is there a trade‐off between consensus and efficiency?
Authors: Jahn Detlef , Suda Sophie 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe use the Bertelsmann Foundation's Sustainable Government Indicators (SGI) to find out how executive efficiency and consensus capacity influence sustainable policy performance. Although those two concepts are often seen as opposites, we show that this is not the case and that they can actually complement each other: separately as well as together, an efficient executive and consensus capacity support more sustainable policy performance. However, government efficiency is a double‐edged sword. Depending on the policy positions governments take, outcomes vary. In this respect, efficient government structures are an amplifier of policy outcomes. In the case of sustainable policy performance, left‐leaning governments increase sustainable policy performance, while right‐leaning governments do not.
User relay‐aided energy‐efficient resource allocation in heterogeneous cloud radio access network
Authors: Shirmohamadi Mahdi , Bakhshi Hamidreza , Dosaranian‐Moghadam Mohamad 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this article, we consider a user relay‐aided resource allocation problem for femtocell access points (FAPs) and macrocells to improve energy efficiency in heterogeneous cloud radio access networks. The formulated optimization problem is NP‐hard and mixed‐integer non‐linear programming due to the incredibly complex relation between different optimization variables and their impacts on each other. To solve this non‐convex and NP‐hard optimization problem in an effective and distributed method, we propose an efficient three‐step iterative algorithm. The solution approaches are derived from successive convex approximation and complementary geometric programming by considering maximum power, front‐haul link and baseband unit (BBU) capacity, Jain's fairness index, and quality of service constraints of macro and femtocell users. The simulation results depict that the proposed algorithm can effectively decrease the energy consumption of BBUs by switching off under‐utilized BBUs and offloading the traffic from remote radio heads and macro‐cell to FAPs.