bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spinal MRI-Based Radiomics Analysis to Predict Treatment Response in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Wu Zengjie , Bian Tiantian , Dong Cheng , Duan Shaofeng , Fei Hairong , Hao Dapeng , Xu Wenjian 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objective
The aim of this study was to explore the clinical utility of spinal magnetic resonance imaging–based radiomics to predict treatment response (TR) in patients with multiple myeloma (MM).

Methods
A total of 123 MM patients (85 in the training cohort and 38 in the test cohort) with complete response (CR) (n = 40) or non-CR (n = 83) were retrospectively enrolled in the study. Key feature selection and data dimension reduction were performed using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression. A nomogram was built by combining radiomic signatures and independent clinical risk factors. The prediction performance of the nomogram was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), calibration curves, and decision curve analysis. Treatment response was assessed by determining the serum and urinary levels of M-proteins, serum-free light chain ratio, and the percentage of bone marrow plasma cells.

Results
Thirteen features were selected to build a radiomic signature. The International Staging System (ISS) stage was selected as an independent clinical factor. The radiomic signature and nomogram showed better calibration and higher discriminatory capacity (AUC of 0.929 and 0.917 for the radiomics and nomogram in the training cohort, respectively, and 0.862 and 0.874 for the radiomics and nomogram in the test cohort, respectively) than the clinical model (AUC of 0.661 and 0.674 in the training and test cohort, respectively). Decision curve analysis confirmed the clinical utility of the radiomics model.

Conclusions
Nomograms incorporating a magnetic resonance imaging–based radiomic signature and ISS stage help predict the response to chemotherapy for MM and can be useful in clinical decision-making.
A Comparative and Summative Study of Radiomics-based Overall Survival Prediction in Glioblastoma Patients
Authors: Ruan Zhuoying , Mei Nan , Lu Yiping , Xiong Ji , Li Xuanxuan , Zheng Weiwei , Liu Li , Yin Bo 
Published: April 2022

Purpose
This study aimed to assess different machine learning models based on radiomic features, Visually Accessible Rembrandt Images features and clinical characteristics in overall survival prediction of glioblastoma and to identify the reproducible features.

Materials and Methods
Patients with preoperative magnetic resonance scans were allocated into 3 data sets. The Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator was used for feature selection. The prediction models were built by random survival forest (RSF) and Cox regression. C-index and integrated Brier scores were calculated to compare model performances.

Results
Patients with cortical involvement had shorter survival times in the training set (P = 0.006). Random survival forest showed higher C-index than Cox, and the RSF model based on the radiomic features was the best one (testing set: C-index = 0.935 ± 0.023). Ten reproducible radiomic features were summarized.

Conclusions
The RSF model based on radiomic features had promising potential in predicting overall survival of glioblastoma. Ten reproducible features were identified.
Cystic Lesions of the Pancreas: Is Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Value Useful at 3 T Magnetic Resonance Imaging?
Authors: Boraschi Piero , Scalise Paola , Casotti Maria Teresa , Kauffmann Emanuele Federico , Boggi Ugo , Donati Francescamaria 
Published: April 2022

Objective
The objective of this study is to determine the role of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value at 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the characterization of pancreatic cystic lesions.

Methods
We retrospectively selected a total number of 223 patients with a conclusive diagnosis of pancreatic cystic lesion, previously undergoing MR examination on a 3 T system. The MRI protocol first included axial T1/T2-weighted sequences and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography. Diffusion-weighted MRI was performed using a spin-echo echo-planar sequence with multiple b values (0, 150, 500, 1000, and 1500 s/mm2) in all diffusion directions, obtaining an ADC map. Contrast-enhanced T1-weighted sequences were performed during the initial work-up of a pancreatic cystic lesion and when signs of malignancy were suspected during the MRI follow-up. The ADC value of each pancreatic lesion was measured using a monoexponential curve fitting with all the multiple b.

Results
The final diagnosis of our study group included the following: serous cystadenomas (n = 42), mucinous cystadenomas (n = 14), intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) (n = 121), IPMNs with signs of malignancy at histopathologic examination (n = 24), pseudocysts (n = 9), other cystic lesions (n = 13). A statistically significant difference was observed between the ADC values of malignant IPMNs and those of each other group of pancreatic lesions (P < 0.001). The ADC value of benign IPMN was significantly higher than that of serous cystadenomas (P = 0.024). A statistically significant difference was observed between the ADCs of all mucinous cystic tumors (benign IPMNs together to mucinous cystadenomas) and the ADCs of serous cystadenomas (P = 0.014).

Conclusions
Fitted ADC value obtained at 3T MRI may be helpful in the characterization of pancreatic cystic lesions with particular regards of differential diagnosis between mucinous and serous cystic tumors and between malignant and benign IPMNs.
Deep Learning–Based Automatic CT Quantification of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia: An International Collaborative Study
Authors: Yoo Seung-Jin , Qi Xiaolong , Inui Shohei , Kim Hyungjin , Jeong Yeon Joo , Lee Kyung Hee , Lee Young Kyung , Lee Bae Young , Kim Jin Yong , Jin Kwang Nam , Lim Jae-Kwang , Kim Yun-Hyeon , Kim Ki Beom , Jiang Zicheng , Shao Chuxiao , Lei Junqiang , Zou Shengqiang , Pan Hongqiu , Gu Ye , Zhang Guo , Goo Jin Mo , Yoon Soon Ho 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objective
We aimed to develop and validate the automatic quantification of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia on computed tomography (CT) images.

Methods
This retrospective study included 176 chest CT scans of 131 COVID-19 patients from 14 Korean and Chinese institutions from January 23 to March 15, 2020. Two experienced radiologists semiautomatically drew pneumonia masks on CT images to develop the 2D U-Net for segmenting pneumonia. External validation was performed using Japanese (n = 101), Italian (n = 99), Radiopaedia (n = 9), and Chinese data sets (n = 10). The primary measures for the system's performance were correlation coefficients for extent (%) and weight (g) of pneumonia in comparison with visual CT scores or human-derived segmentation. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the association of the extent and weight with symptoms in the Japanese data set and composite outcome (respiratory failure and death) in the Spanish data set (n = 115).

Results
In the internal test data set, the intraclass correlation coefficients between U-Net outputs and references for the extent and weight were 0.990 and 0.993. In the Japanese data set, the Pearson correlation coefficients between U-Net outputs and visual CT scores were 0.908 and 0.899. In the other external data sets, intraclass correlation coefficients were between 0.949–0.965 (extent) and between 0.978–0.993 (weight). Extent and weight in the top quartile were independently associated with symptoms (odds ratio, 5.523 and 10.561; P = 0.041 and 0.016) and the composite outcome (odds ratio, 9.365 and 7.085; P = 0.021 and P = 0.035).

Conclusions
Automatically quantified CT extent and weight of COVID-19 pneumonia were well correlated with human-derived references and independently associated with symptoms and prognosis in multinational external data sets.
Initial Investigation of Clinical Value of Noise-Optimized Virtual Monoenergetic Images Derived From Dual-Energy Computed Tomography Angiography in Preoperative Perforator Planning of Anterolateral Thigh Flap Transplantation
Authors: Li Xiaoqin , Zhang Jing , Shen Hesong , Wang Xiaoxia , Liu Daihong , Yu Hong , Lan Xiaosong , Shi Jinfang , Zeng Xiangfei , Liu Meiling , Lin Meng , Tan Yong , Zhang Bin , Zhang Jiuquan 
Published: April 2022

Objective
To objectively and subjectively assess the image characteristics of noise-optimized virtual monoenergetic images [MEI (+)] and polyenergetic images (PEIs) from dual-energy computed tomography angiography and then to explore the clinical value of the optimal MEI (+) in preoperative perforator planning of anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap transplantation.

Methods
Sixteen patients (32 thighs) who underwent lower extremity run-off dual-energy computed tomography angiography for planning ALT flap transplantation were enrolled. One standard PEI and 5 MEI (+) in 10-keV intervals (range, 40–80 keV) were reconstructed. First, we compared the image quality subjectively (branch order, image quality, and vascular network continuity) and objectively (vascular attenuation, image noise, signal-to-noise ratio, and the contrast-to-noise ratio). Then, we compared the clinical value (number, type, source artery, pedicle length, caliber, and location of all sizable perforators) between the optimal MEI (+) and PEI groups.

Results
The 40-keV MEI (+) was rated superior subjective and objective image quality metrics to PEI (all P < 0.001). Compared with PEI, 40 keV MEI (+) increased the number of visible perforators, the percentage of perforators with identifiable types, and the measurable length of perforator pedicle (all P < 0.001).

Conclusions
We recommend 40 keV MEI (+) for the visualization of perforators and their contribution to the selection and location of suitable perforators in preoperative planning for ALT flaps.
Influence of Robotic Rectal Resection Versus Laparoscopic Rectal Resection on Postoperative Ileus: A Single-center Experience
Authors: Hu Qingjiang , Oki Eiji , Fujimoto Yoshiaki , Jogo Tomoko , Hokonohara Kentaro , Nakanishi Ryota , Hisamatsu Yuichi , Ando Koji , Kimura Yasue , Mori Masaki 
Published: April 2022

Aim:
This study was performed to clarify the relationship between robotic rectal resection and postoperative ileus (POI) by comparing robotic surgery with laparoscopic surgery.

Materials and Methods:
We retrospectively reviewed 238 patients who underwent robotic (n=41) or laparoscopic (n=197) rectal resection for rectal cancer in our institution from January 2013 to June 2020. First, we compared the background factors and short-term surgical outcomes between robotic and laparoscopic surgery. Next, we investigated the postoperative complications of robotic and laparoscopic rectal resection. Finally, we identified the risk factors for POI following rectal cancer resection.

Results:
The percentages of patients with an Rb tumor location, treatment by abdominoperitoneal resection/intersphincteric resection/low anterior resection, a temporary diverting ileostomy, and a long operation time were significantly higher in robotic than laparoscopic surgery (P<0.0001, P=0.0002, P=0.0078, and P=0.0001, respectively). There was no significant difference in any individual postoperative complication between robotic and laparoscopic surgery. Risk factors for POI were male sex (P=0.0078), neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (P=0.0007), an Rb tumor location (P=0.0005), treatment by abdominoperitoneal resection/intersphincteric resection/low anterior resection (P=0.0044), a temporary diverting ileostomy (P<0.0001), and operation time of ≥240 minutes (P=0.0024). Notably, robotic surgery was not a risk factor for POI following rectal resection relative to laparoscopic surgery.

Conclusion:
Although patients who underwent robotic surgery had more risk factors for POI, the risk of POI was similar between robotic and laparoscopic rectal resection.
Potential gains in health-adjusted life expectancy by reducing burden of non-communicable diseases: a population-based study
Authors: Xi Jun-Yan , Zhang Wang-Jian , Chen Zhuo , Zhang Yan-Ting , Chen Li-Chang , Zhang Yu-Qin , Lin Xiao , Hao Yuan-Tao 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) target 3.4 aims to reduce premature mortality attributable to non-communicable diseases (NCDs) by one-third of their 2015 levels by 2030. Although meeting this target leads to longevity, survivors may suffer from long-term disability caused by NCDs. This paper quantifies the potential gains in health-adjusted life expectancy for people aged 30-70 years (HALE[30–70)) by examining the reductions in disability in addition to premature mortality. Additionally, we also assessed the feasibility of meeting the SDGs target 3.4.MethodsWe extracted data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 for all NCDs and four major NCDs (cancers, cardiovascular diseases, chronic respiratory diseases, and diabetes mellitus) in 188 countries from 1990 to 2019. Bayesian age-period-cohort models were used to predict possible premature mortality in 2030. The life table was used to estimate the unconditional probability of death and HALE[30–70). Estimates of the potential gains in HALE[30–70) were based on three alternative future scenarios: a) eliminating all premature deaths and disability from a specific cause, b) meeting SDGs target 3.4, and survivors’ disability is eliminated, and c) meeting SDGs target 3.4, but survivors remain disabled for the rest of their lives.ResultsIn 2030, the unconditional probability of premature mortality for four major NCDs in most countries remained at more than two-thirds of the 2015 baseline. In all scenarios, the high-income group has the greatest potential gains in HALE[30–70), above the global average of HALE[30–70). In scenario A, the potential gains in HALE[30–70) of reducing premature mortality for four major NCDs are significantly lower than those for all NCDs (range of difference for all income groups: 2.88 - 3.27 years). In scenarios B and C, the potential gains of HALE[30–70) in reducing premature mortality for all NCDs and the four major NCDs are similar (scenario B: 0.14 - 0.22, scenario C: 0.05 - 0.19). In scenarios A and B, countries from the high-income group have the greatest potential gains in HALE[30–70) from cancer intervention, whilst countries from the other income groups result in a greater possible HALE[30–70) gains from cardiovascular diseases control. In scenario C, countries from each income group have the largest potential gains in HALE[30–70) from diabetes reduction and chronic respiratory diseases prevention.ConclusionsAchieving SDGs target 3.4 remains challenging for most countries. The elimination of disability among the population who benefit from the target could lead to a sizable improvement in HALE[30–70). Reducing premature death and disability at once and attaching equal importance to each to in line with the WHO goal of “leaving no one behind”.
Specific Associations Between Type of Childhood Abuse and Elevated C-Reactive Protein in Young Adult Psychiatric Rehabilitation Participants
Authors: Jabbi Mbemba M. , Harvey Philip D. , Kotwicki Raymond J. , Nemeroff Charles B. 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundEarly life adversity such as childhood emotional, physical, and sexual trauma is associated with a plethora of later-life psychiatric and chronic medical conditions, including elevated inflammatory markers. Although previous research suggests a role for chronic inflammatory dysfunctions in several disease etiologies, specific associations between childhood trauma types and later life inflammation and health status are not well understood.MethodsWe studied patients (n=280) who were admitted to a psychiatric rehabilitation center. Self-reported histories of childhood emotional, physical, and sexual trauma history were collected. At the time of admission, we also assessed individuals’ body mass index (BMI) and collected blood samples that were used to examine levels of inflammatory marker C-reactive protein (CRP).ResultsThe prevalence of all three types of abuse were quite high, at 21% or more. 50% of the sample had elevations in CRP, with clinically significant elevations in 26%. We found that compared to a history of emotional or physical abuse, a history of childhood sexual trauma was more specifically associated with elevated CRP. This result held up when controlling for BMI.LimitationOur sample is relatively young, with an average age of 27.2 years, with minimal representation of ethnic and racial minority participants.ConclusionRelative to childhood emotional and physical trauma, childhood sexual trauma may lead to elevated inflammatory responses, which were common overall in the sample. Future studies need to assess the causal link between childhood sexual trauma and poorer health outcomes later in life.HIGHLIGHTS- The prevalence of both childhood abuse experiences and elevations in inflammatory markers were quite high.- We found that the history and severity of childhood sexual abuse were differentially correlated with later life inflammatory status and body mass index, with childhood emotional and physical abuse not showing the same degree of correlation with inflammatory status later in early adulthood.- These results demonstrate how specific elements of environmental adversity, which, when suffered at a critical developmental period, can have lingering negative physiological consequences later in life.
Molecular identification of species of family Chaetomiaceae (Sordariomycetes, Ascomycota) from soil, dung and water in Sudan
Authors: Mhmoud Najwa A 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSpecies of Chaetomiaceae family are ubiquitous filamentous fungi, that responsible for a wide range of opportunistic human infections. To date, it encompasses more than 300 species have been described in genus Chaetomium. It have been globally reported as being are capable of colonizing various substrates. Due to the lack of genetic studies on the species belonging to this genus in Sudan, This work aimed to investigate the environmental fungal occurrence within the family Chaetomiaceae by using morphological characters and molecular sequencing.A total of 260 environmental samples from soil, animal dung and water were collected from six different states in Sudan in two ecozones: .desert or semis desert ecozones (Dongola in Northern sudan, El-Obeid in western sudan); a low rainfall woodland savanna ecozone (Gazira, El Geteina and Khartoum from central Sudan and AlQadarif in eastern Sudan).During a study of environmental fungi in Sudan, 119 isolates were identified as members of Chaetomiaceae after the ITS sequencing combined with an examination of the macro- and micromorphology. Out of 63 Chaetomium strains obtained from soil, animal dung and water samples, 25 were obtained from soil, 22 from animal dung and 16 from water. 56 additional strains isolated from other genus within the Chaetomiaceae family, such as (Amesia, Collariella, Ovatospora, SubramaniulaandThielavia) were recorded for the first time in Sudan.In conclusion: Sequence-based identification of fungal isolates is often considered to be the most reliable and accurate identification method.
From months to minutes: creating Hyperion, a novel data management system expediting data insights for oncology research and patient care
Authors: Snyder Eric , Rivers Thomas , Smith Lisa , Paoni Scott , Cunliffe Scott , Patel Arpan , Ramsdale Erika 
Published: April 2022

Structured AbstractObjectiveDescribe the design and implementation of a novel data management platform for an academic cancer center which meets the needs of multiple stakeholders.Materials and MethodsA small, cross-functional technical team identified key challenges to creating a broad data management and access software solution: lowering the technical skill floor, reducing cost, enhancing user autonomy, optimizing data governance, and reimagining technical team structures in academia. The Hyperion data management platform was designed to meet these challenges in addition to usual considerations of data quality, security, access, stability, and scalability.ResultsImplemented between May 2019 and December 2020 at the Wilmot Cancer Institute, Hyperion includes a sophisticated custom validation and interface engine to process data from multiple sources, storing it in a database. Graphical user interfaces and custom wizards permit users to directly interact with data across operational, clinical, research, and administrative contexts. The use of multi-threaded processing, open-source programming languages, and automated system tasks (normally requiring technical expertise) minimizes costs. An integrated ticketing system and active stakeholder committee support data governance and project management. A co-directed, cross-functional team with flattened hierarchy and integration of industry software management practices enhances problem solving and responsiveness to user needs.DiscussionAccess to validated, organized, and current data is critical to the functioning of multiple domains in medicine. Although there are downsides to developing in-house customized software, we describe a successful implementation of custom data management software in an academic cancer center.
A Voice App Design for Heart Failure Self-Management: A Pilot Study
Authors: Barbaric Antonia , Munteanu Cosmin , Ross Heather J. , Cafazzo Joseph A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThere is a growing interest to investigate the feasibility of using voice user interfaces as a platform for digital therapeutics in chronic disease management. While mostly deployed as smartphone applications, some demographics struggle when using touch screens and often cannot complete tasks independently. This research aimed to evaluate how heart failure patients interacted with a voice app version of an already existing digital therapeutic, Medly, using a mixed-methods concurrent triangulation approach. The objective was to determine the acceptability and feasibility of the voice app by better understanding who this platform is be best suited for. Quantitative data included engagement levels and accuracy rates. Participants (n=20) used the voice app over a four week period and completed questionnaires and semi-structured interviews relating to acceptability, ease of use, and workload. The average engagement level was 73%, with a 14% decline between week one and four. The difference in engagement levels between the oldest and youngest demographic was the most significant, 84% and 43% respectively. The Medly voice app had an overall accuracy rate of 97.8% and was successful in sending data to the clinic. Users were accepting of the technology (ranking it in the 80th percentile) and felt it did not require a lot of work (2.1 on a 7-point Likert scale). However, 13% of users were less inclined to use the voice app at the end of the study. The following themes and subthemes emerged: (1) feasibility of clinical integration: user adaptation to voice app’s conversational style, device unreliability, and (2) voice app acceptability: good device integration within household, users blamed themselves for voice app problems, and voice app missing desirable user features. The voice app proved to be most beneficial to those who: are older, have flexible schedules, are confident with using technology, and are experiencing other medical conditions.