bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors Influencing Delayed Treatment in Patients With Breast Cancer During COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: He Shengdong , Wang Yanlin , Zhao Xiaoting , Xu Fangying , Li Juncheng , Huang Tao , Sun Peng , Li Lingfan , Ai Xiang , Xiao Hualin , Xue Gang , He Siyi 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundThe outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has endangered human health and life. This pandemic has changed people's lifestyle and affected the regular delivery of standard cancer treatment. In the present study, we aimed to explore the influencing factors of delayed treatment in patients with breast cancer during COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsThis study was a cross-sectional investigation, and the subjects were patients who were discharged from the department of burn and plastic surgery after February 2020. All participants completed this study's online questionnaire based on the WeChat and Wenjuanxing platforms. Levels of anxiety and depression were measured by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Patients were divided into a delay group and non-delay group according to the occurrence of delayed treatment. Univariate analysis was performed by using the t test or chi-square test. A logistic regression model was employed to determine factors associated with delayed treatment.ResultsThe present study included a total of 397 patients with breast cancer, among whom delayed treatment occurred in 76 patients, accounting for 19.1%. Scores on both the anxiety subscale and depression subscale in delay group were significantly higher than those in non-delay group. Compared with non-delay group, we found that patients in delay group usually had a higher level of education (P = 0.020), worse self-feeling (P = 0.030), poor compliance of medical order (P = 0.042), and a higher prevalence of anxiety (P = 0.004) and depression (P = 0.012). Traffic inconvenience was also an important relevant factor for delayed treatment (P = 0.001). The prevalence of recurrence in delay group was higher than that in non-delay group (P = 0.018). By using logistic multivariate regression analysis, the results revealed that level of education and traffic inconvenience were independent factors influencing delayed treatment in patients with breast cancer during COVID-19 pandemic.ConclusionThe prevalence of delayed treatment in patients with breast cancer during COVID-19 pandemic is relatively high. Our findings reveal several influencing factors closely associated with delayed treatment, which is useful information that will be beneficial for patients to receive standardized therapy by taking targeted measures.
Association of Blood Glucose Level and Glycemic Variability With Mortality in Sepsis Patients During ICU Hospitalization
Authors: Lu Zongqing , Tao Gan , Sun Xiaoyu , Zhang Yijun , Jiang Mengke , Liu Yu , Ling Meng , Zhang Jin , Xiao Wenyan , Hua Tianfeng , Zhu Huaqing , Yang Min 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundThere was considerable debate regarding the effect of mean blood glucose (MBG) and glycemic variability (GV) on the mortality of septic patients. This retrospective cohort study aimed to assess the association between MBG and GV with ICU mortality of sepsis patients and to explore the optimal MBG range.MethodsSepsis patients were enrolled from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV database (MIMIC-IV). MBG and glycemic coefficient of variation (GluCV) were, respectively, calculated to represent the overall glycemic status and GV during ICU stay. The associations between MBG, GluCV, and ICU mortality of the septic patients were assessed by using multivariate logistic regression in different subgroups and the severity of sepsis. Restricted cubic splines evaluated the optimal MBG target.ResultsA total of 7,104 adult sepsis patients were included. The multivariate logistic regression results showed that increased MBG and GluCV were significantly correlated with ICU mortality. The adjusted odds ratios were 1.14 (95% CI 1.09–1.20) and 1.05 (95% CI 1.00–1.12). However, there was no association between hyperglycemia and ICU mortality among diabetes, liver disease, immunosuppression, and hypoglycemia patients. And the impact of high GluCV on ICU mortality was not observed in those with diabetes, immunosuppression, liver disease, and non-septic shock. The ICU mortality risk of severe hyperglycemia (≧200 mg/dl) and high GluCV (&gt;31.429%), respectively, elevated 2.30, 3.15, 3.06, and 2.37, 2.79, 3.14-folds in mild (SOFA ≦ 3), middle (SOFA 3–7), and severe group (SOFA ≧ 7). The MBG level was associated with the lowest risk of ICU mortality and hypoglycemia between 120 and 140 mg/dl in the subgroup without diabetes. For the diabetic subset, the incidence of hypoglycemia was significantly reduced when the MBG was 140–190 mg/dl, but a glycemic control target effectively reducing ICU mortality was not observed.ConclusionMBG and GluCV during the ICU stay were associated with all-cause ICU mortality in sepsis patients; however, their harms are not apparent in some particular subgroups. The impact of hyperglycemia and high GV on death increased with the severity of sepsis. The risk of ICU mortality and hypoglycemia in those with no pre-existing diabetes was lower when maintaining the MBG in the range of 120–140 mg/dl.
Characterizing the Thermal Demands and Mobility Performance During International Wheelchair Rugby Competition
Authors: Gavel Erica H. , Lacroix Melissa A. , Goosey-Tolfrey Vicky L. , Logan-Sprenger Heather M. 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveTo determine the thermoregulatory responses and mobility performance of wheelchair rugby (WCR) players during international competition.MethodsEleven male National Team WCR players volunteered for the study. Testing occurred during a four game series against international competition (temp 24.7 ± 0.7°C, relative humidity 50.1 ± 3.6%), with movement time (MT) and gastrointestinal temperature (Tgi) recorded continuously.ResultsThe mean maximal Tgi was 38.6 ± 0.6°C (37.9–39.7) and did not significantly differ among Low-Class, Mid-Class, and High-Class athletes (p &gt; 0.05). Moreover, there was a strong and significant relationship between minutes (min) played per quarter of the game and change in Tgi (r = 0.36, p = 0.01). Athletes moved a total of 27:43 ± 9:40 min:seconds (s), spent a total of 15:02 ± 8.23 min:s in Zone 1 (53.5%), 8:19 ± 3:20 min:s in Zone 2 (31.7%), and 5:59 ± 1:51 min:s in Zone 3 (21.3%). There were no differences among classification in total movement time (p = 0.169) or for speed in Zone 1, Zone 2, or Zone 3 (p &gt; 0.05). The relationship between peak forward speed and total movement time was strong (p = 0.021, r = 0.68).ConclusionThis study demonstrated that the time spent in absolute movement zones is not classification dependent, the change in core temperature is related to movement time per quarter. Furthermore, peak speeds obtained on-court were linked to overall movement time which suggests athletes should warm-up before going on court.
Effects of Upper-Limb Exoskeletons Designed for Use in the Working Environment—A Literature Review
Authors: Moeller Tobias , Krell-Roesch Janina , Woll Alexander , Stein Thorsten 
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Many employees report high physical strain from overhead work and resulting musculoskeletal disorders. The consequences of these conditions extend far beyond everyday working life and can severely limit the quality of life of those affected. One solution to this problem may be the use of upper-limb exoskeletons, which are supposed to relieve the shoulder joint in particular. The aim of this literature review was to provide an overview of the use and efficacy of exoskeletons for upper extremities in the working environment.Methods: A literature review was conducted using the PICO scheme and the PRISMA statement. To this end, a systematic search was performed in the PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases in May 2020 and updated in February 2022. The obtained studies were screened using previously defined inclusion and exclusion criteria and assessed for quality. Pertinent data were then extracted from the publications and analyzed with regard to type of exoskeleton used as well as efficacy of exoskeleton use.Results: 35 suitable studies were included in the review. 18 different exoskeletons were examined. The majority of the exoskeletons only supported the shoulder joint and were used to assist individuals working at or above shoulder level. The main focus of the studies was the reduction of muscle activity in the shoulder area. Indeed, 16 studies showed a reduced activity in the deltoid and trapezius muscles after exoskeleton use. Kinematically, a deviation of the movement behavior could be determined in some models. In addition, study participants reported perceived reduction in exertion and discomfort.Discussion: Exoskeletons for upper extremities may generate significant relief for the intended tasks, but the effects in the field (i.e., working environment) are less pronounced than in the laboratory setting. This may be due to the fact that not only overhead tasks but also secondary tasks have to be performed in the field. In addition, currently available exoskeletons do not seem to be suitable for all overhead workplaces and should always be assessed in the human-workplace context. Further studies in various settings are required that should also include more females and older people.
Deriving Snow Depth From ICESat-2 Lidar Multiple Scattering Measurements: Uncertainty Analyses
Authors: Lu Xiaomei , Hu Yongxiang , Zeng Xubin , Stamnes Snorre A. , Neuman Thomas A. , Kurtz Nathan T. , Yang Yuekui , Zhai Peng-Wang , Gao Meng , Sun Wenbo , Xu Kuanman , Liu Zhaoyan , Omar Ali H. , Baize Rosemary R. , Rogers Laura J. , Mitchell Brandon O. , Stamnes Knut , Huang Yuping , Chen Nan , Weimer Carl , Lee Jennifer , Fair Zachary 
Published: April 2022

The application of diffusion theory and Monte Carlo lidar radiative transfer simulations presented in Part I of this series of study suggests that snow depth can be derived from the first-, second- and third-order moments of the lidar backscattering pathlength distribution. These methods are now applied to the satellite ICESat-2 lidar measurements over the Arctic sea ice and land surfaces of Northern Hemisphere. Over the Arctic sea ice, the ICESat-2 retrieved snow depths agree well with co-located IceBridge snow radar measured values with a root-mean-square (RMS) difference of 7.8 cm or 29.2% of the mean snow depth. The terrestrial snow depths derived from ICESat-2 show drastic spatial variation of the snowpack along ICESat-2 ground tracks over the Northern Hemisphere, which are consistent with the University of Arizona (UA) and Canadian Meteorological Centre (CMC) gridded daily snow products. The RMS difference in snow depths between ICESat-2 and UA gridded daily snow products is 14 cm, or 28% of the mean UA snow depth. To better understand these results, we also discuss the possible sources of errors in ICESat-2 derived snow depths, including surface roughness within the laser footprint, atmospheric forward scattering, solar background noise, and detector dark current. Simulation results indicate that the snow depth errors would be less than 5 cm if the standard deviation of pulse spreading due to surface roughness is within 50 cm. Our results demonstrate that the ICESat-2 lidar measurements can be used to reliably derive snow depth, which is a critical geophysical parameter for cryosphere studies including sea ice thickness estimation and also provides important constraints in the modeling of terrestrial hydrological processes.
Percutaneous Transforaminal Full-Endoscopic Removal of Neurinoma of the Fifth Lumbar Nerve Root With Intraoperative Neuromonitoring: A Case Report
Authors: Kravtsov Maxim N. , Manukovsky Vadim A. , Mirzametov Saidmirze D. , Malysheva Olga V. , Averyanov Dmitry A. , Svistov Dmitry V. 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundTechnical achievements and surgical techniques improvement contribute to the expansion of the endoscopic spine surgery possibilities. However, today there are few reports about the use of percutaneous endoscopy in spinal tumor surgery. A case of percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic removal of the lumbar spinal nerve tumor with intraoperative neuromonitoring is presented.Case DescriptionA 59-year-old female was complaining of a left shin and foot pain, weakness, and paresthesia. Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a tumor (neurinoma) at the left L5-S1 intervertebral foramen. Transforaminal endoscopic removal of an extramedullary tumor from an 8-mm skin incision with intraoperative neuromonitoring was performed. Postoperative MRI revealed the signs of total resection of the tumor.ConclusionThe presented case confirms that percutaneous endoscopic removal of lumbar spine intraforaminal neurinomas can be safe and effective.
Electronic Orbital Alignment and Hierarchical Phonon Scattering Enabling High Thermoelectric Performance p-Type Mg
3
Sb
2
Zintl Compounds
Authors: Hu Jinsuo , Zhu Jianbo , Guo Fengkai , Qin Haixu , Liu Yijie , Zhang Qian , Liu Zihang , Cai Wei , Sui Jiehe 
Published: April 2022

Environmentally friendly Mg
3
Sb
2
-based materials have drawn intensive attention owing to their promising thermoelectric performance. In this work, the electrical properties of p-type Mg
3
Sb
2
are dramatically optimized by the regulation of Mg deficiency. Then, we, for the first time, found that Zn substitution at the Mg2 site leads to the alignment of

p

x
,
y

and

p

z

orbital, resulting in a high band degeneracy and the dramatically enhanced Seebeck coefficient, demonstrated by the DFT calculations and electronic properties measurement. Moreover, Zn alloying decreases Mg1 (Zn) vacancies formation energy and in turn increases Mg (Zn) vacancies and optimizes the carrier concentration. Simultaneously, the Mg/Zn substitutions, Mg vacancies, and porosity structure suppress the phonon transport in a broader frequency range, leading to a low lattice thermal conductivity of ~0.47 W m
-1
K
-1
at 773 K. Finally, a high
ZT
of ~0.87 at 773 K was obtained for Mg
1.95
Na
0.01
Zn
1
Sb
2
, exceeding most of the previously reported p-type Mg
3
Sb
2
compounds. Our results further demonstrate the promising prospects of p-type Mg
3
Sb
2
-based material in the field of mid-temperature heat recovery.
The Effect of Daily Living Activities of the Elderly Suffering from Hip Fractures
Authors: Mohamed Huda Farouk , Shafik Sahar Ahmed , Saad Amany Mohamed 
Published: April 2022

Elderly in the world is expected that are double by 2050 and triple by 2100, Elderly who suffer from hip fractures must have tasks and routines that are performed on a daily basis in order to live independently, being able to successfully manage routine tasks. Assess daily living activities of the elderly suffering from hip fractures. Descriptive research design was used. Purposive sample include 200 elderly. The study results revealed that more than two thirds of elderly have unsatisfactory knowledge; nearly two fifths of elderly were partially dependent in doing daily living activities. There was highly statistically significant correlation between elderly total knowledge and total daily living activities. Less than two fifths of elderly were partially dependent in doing their activities and more than three fifths of elderly have unsatisfactory knowledge about hip fractures. Also, there was a positive relation between elderly total knowledge about hip fractures and total daily living activities with highly statisticallysignificantcorrelation.
Kampung Naga Community Education Development Pattern: Traditional Sociology Overview
Authors: Setyowati Eni 
Published: April 2022

AbstractKampung Naga is one of the traditional villages or cultural villages in Indonesia, besides the kampung naga there are still many other cultural villages in Indonesia. However, this dragon village has an open society to global developments or the times. This can be seen in various aspects, namely the aspect of education where the children of the Naga village community are given the freedom to study outside the village or even outside the city. The thinking of the Kampung Naga community is very broad in thinking about the ideals and hopes of their children to be successful with the abilities and education they get in this formal education. In this study, the aim of this research is to find out how education plays an important role for the community of the Kampung Naga, and how the development of the Kampung Naga community from the aspects of education, health, livelihood and technology. The methods used are qualitative methods and literature. After making observations with various sources and coming to the location directly, the researchers get the results that the role of education is important for the people of the Kampung Naga to arrange a better life in the future for their children.Keywords: Education, Development, Kampung Naga Community AbstrakKampung Naga merupakan salah satu kampung adat atau kampung budaya yang ada di Indonesia, selain kampung naga masih banyak kampung budaya lainnya di Indonesia. Namun, desa naga ini memiliki masyarakat yang terbuka terhadap perkembangan atau perkembangan global. Hal ini terlihat dalam berbagai aspek yaitu aspek pendidikan dimana anak-anak masyarakat desa Naga diberikan kebebasan untuk belajar di luar desa atau bahkan di luar kota. Pemikiran masyarakat Kampung Naga sangat luas dalam memikirkan cita-cita dan harapan anak-anaknya agar sukses dengan kemampuan dan pendidikan yang mereka dapatkan di pendidikan formal ini. Dalam penelitian ini, tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana pendidikan berperan penting bagi masyarakat Kampung Naga, dan bagaimana perkembangan masyarakat Kampung Naga dari aspek pendidikan, kesehatan, mata pencaharian dan teknologi. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif dan kepustakaan. Setelah melakukan observasi dengan berbagai sumber dan datang ke lokasi secara langsung, peneliti mendapatkan hasil bahwa peran pendidikan penting bagi masyarakat Kampung Naga untuk menata kehidupan yang lebih baik di masa depan bagi anak-anaknya.Kata kunci: Pendidikan, Pengembangan, Komunitas Kampung Naga
Cultural Ritual as Local Activity and Cultural Learning: Society of Padepokan Girijaya Village Girijaya
Authors: Rahmani Sofia F , Rahim Abd. Rahman , Rusdiyana Eksa , Sari Avid Leonardo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper describes the seren year culture in society. In this Seren Year culture, it has its characteristics or uniqueness. The relationship between them is based on personal and mutual trust. This research also uses a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. The research results are the key to the success of a collaboration, which is strongly influenced by the size of the level of trust (radius of trust) established between the parties involved. Good communication will be easy to do, and cooperation can last a long time if it builds high values and norms of belief. Conversely, collaboration and culture will also be destroyed if they have low values and standards of faith. Thus the level of cooperation and high cultural traditions is closely related to how much value and trust norms are formed between the parties involved. And early childhood learning by teaching the art of aklung or nabeh from grade 1 elementary school is introduced until it is taught up to grade 6 elementary school with traditional self-taught methods and other skills.Keywords: culture, interaction, social capital, learning arts and culture AbstrakTulisan ini menjelaskan tentang budaya tahun tenang di masyarakat. Dalam budaya Tahun Seren ini memiliki ciri khas atau keunikan tersendiri. Hubungan di antara mereka didasarkan pada kepercayaan pribadi dan timbal balik. Penelitian ini juga menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian merupakan kunci keberhasilan suatu kolaborasi, yang sangat dipengaruhi oleh besar kecilnya tingkat kepercayaan (radius of trust) yang terjalin antara pihak-pihak yang terlibat. Komunikasi yang baik akan mudah dilakukan, dan kerjasama dapat bertahan lama jika membangun nilai dan norma kepercayaan yang tinggi. Sebaliknya, kolaborasi dan budaya juga akan hancur jika memiliki nilai dan standar keimanan yang rendah. Dengan demikian tingkat kerjasama dan tradisi budaya yang tinggi erat kaitannya dengan seberapa besar nilai dan norma kepercayaan yang terbentuk antara pihak-pihak yang terlibat. Dan pembelajaran anak usia dini dengan mengajarkan seni aklung atau nabeh dari kelas 1 SD diperkenalkan sampai diajarkan sampai kelas 6 SD dengan metode otodidak tradisional dan keterampilan lainnya.Kata kunci: budaya, interaksi, modal sosial, pembelajaran seni budaya
On the Potential of Bright, Young Pulsars to Power Ultrahigh Gamma-Ray Sources
Authors: de Oña Wilhelmi Emma , López-Coto Rubén , Amato Elena , Aharonian Felix 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The recent discovery of a new population of ultrahigh-energy gamma-ray sources with spectra extending beyond 100 TeV revealed the presence of Galactic PeVatrons—cosmic-ray factories accelerating particles to PeV energies. These sources, except for the one associated with the Crab Nebula, are not yet identified. With an extension of 1° or more, most of them contain several potential counterparts, including supernova remnants, young stellar clusters, and pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe), which can perform as PeVatrons and thus power the surrounding diffuse ultrahigh-energy gamma-ray structures. In the case of PWNe, gamma-rays are produced by electrons, accelerated at the pulsar wind termination shock, through the inverse Compton scattering of 2.7 K cosmic microwave background (CMB)radiation. The high conversion efficiency of pulsar rotational power to relativistic electrons, combined with the short cooling timescales, allow gamma-ray luminosities up to the level of

L

γ

∼
0.1

E

̇

. The pulsar spin-down luminosity,

E

̇

, also determines the absolute maximum energy of individual photons:

E

γ
,
max

≈
0.9

E
̇

36

0.65

PeV

. This fundamental constraint dominates over the condition set by synchrotron energy losses of electrons for young PWNe with typical magnetic field of ≈100 μG with

E

̇

≲

10

37

erg

s

−
1

. We discuss the implications of Eγ

,max by comparing it with the highest-energy photons reported by LHAASO from a dozen of ultrahigh-energy sources. Whenever a PWN origin of the emission is possible, we use the LHAASO measurements to set upper limits on the nebular magnetic field.