bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self-reported non-adherence to P2Y12 inhibitors in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: Application of the medication non-adherence academic research consortium classification
Authors: Ueki Yasushi , Zanchin Thomas , Losdat Sylvain , Karagiannis Alexios , Otsuka Tatsuhiko , Siontis George C. M. , Häner Jonas , Stortecky Stefan , Pilgrim Thomas , Valgimigli Marco , Windecker Stephan , Räber Lorenz 
Published: February 2022

Aims
The Non-adherence Academic Research Consortium (NARC) has recently developed a consensus-based standardized classification for medication non-adherence in cardiovascular clinical trials. We aimed to assess the prevalence of NARC-defined self-reported non-adherence to P2Y12 inhibitors and its impact on clinical outcomes in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methods and results
Using a standardized questionnaire administered at 1 year after PCI, we assessed the 4 NARC-defined non-adherence levels including type, decision-maker, reasons, and timing within the Bern PCI registry. The primary endpoint was the patient-oriented composite endpoint (POCE) defined as a composite of death, myocardial infarction, stroke, and any revascularization at 1 year. The recommended P2Y12 inhibitor duration was 12 months. Among 3,896 patients, P2Y12 inhibitor non-adherence was observed in 647 (17%) patients. Discontinuation was permanent in the majority of patients (84%). The decision was mainly driven by a physician (94%), and rarely by patients (6%). The most frequent reason was risk profile change (43%), followed by unlisted reasons (25%), surgery (17%), and adverse events (14%). Non-adherence occurred early (<30 days) in 21%, late (30–180 days) in 45%, and very late (>180 days) in 33%. The majority of POCE events (n = 421/502, 84%) occurred during adherence to the prescribed P2Y12 inhibitor. Permanent discontinuation, doctor-driven non-adherence, and risk profile change emerged as independent predictors for POCE.

Conclusions
In real-world PCI population treated with 1-year DAPT, non-adherence was observed in nearly one-fifth of patients. Non-adherence to P2Y12 inhibitors was associated with worse clinical outcomes, while the risk was related to underlying contexts.

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier
NCT02241291.
Assessing service availability and readiness of healthcare facilities to manage diabetes mellitus in Bangladesh: Findings from a nationwide survey
Authors: Chowdhury Hasina Akhter , Paromita Progga , Mayaboti Cinderella Akbar , Rakhshanda Shagoofa , Rahman Farah Naz , Abedin Minhazul , Rahman A. K. M. Fazlur , Mashreky Saidur Rahman 
Published: February 2022

Introduction
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is one of the most prevalent non-communicable diseases (NCDs)as well as a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Around 80% diabetic patients live in low- and middle-income countries. In Bangladesh, there is a scarcity of data on the quality of DM management within health facilities. This study aims to describe service availability and readiness for DM at all tiers of health facilities using the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Service Availability and Readiness Assessment (SARA) standard tool.

Methods
This cross-sectional survey was conducted in 266 health facilities all across Bangladesh using the WHO SARA standard tool. Descriptive analyses for the availability of DM services was carried out. Composite scores for facility readiness index (RI) were calculated in four domains: staff and guideline, basic equipment, diagnostic capacity, and essential medicines. Indices were stratified by facility level and a cut off value of 70% was considered as ‘ready’ to manage diabetes at each facility level.

Results
The mean RI score of tertiary and specialized hospitals was above the cutoff value of 70% (RI: 79%), whereas for District Hospitals (DHs), Upazila Health Complexes (UHCs) and NGO and Private hospitals the RI scores were other levels of 65%, 51% and 62% respectively. This indicating that only the tertiary level of health facilities was ready to manage DM. However, it has been observed that the RI scores of the essential medicine domain was low at all levels of health facilities including tertiary-level.

Conclusions
The study revealed only tertiary level facilities were ready to manage DM. However, like other facilities, they require an adequate supply of essential medicines. Alongside the inadequate supply of medicines, shortage of trained staff and unavailability of guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of DM also contributed to the low RI score for rest of the facilities.
Labour market marginalisation in young refugees and their majority peers in Denmark and Sweden: The role of common mental disorders and secondary school completion
Authors: de Montgomery Christopher Jamil , Norredam Marie , Krasnik Allan , Petersen Jørgen Holm , Björkenstam Emma , Berg Lisa , Hjern Anders , Sijbrandij Marit , Klimek Peter , Mittendorfer-Rutz Ellenor 
Published: February 2022

Background
Due to the circumstances of their early lives, young refugees are at risk of experiencing adverse labour market and health outcomes. The post-settlement environment is thought to play a decisive role in determining how this vulnerability plays out. This study compared trends in labour market marginalisation in young refugees and their majority peers during early adulthood in two national contexts, Denmark and Sweden, and explored the mediating role of common mental disorders and secondary school completions.

Methods
Using registry data, 13,390/45,687 refugees were included in Denmark/Sweden and 1:5 matched to majority peers. Inequalities in labour market marginalisation were investigated during 2012–2015 in each country using linear probability models and mediation analysis. Country trends were standardised to account for differences in observed population characteristics.

Results
The risk of marginalisation was 2.1–2.3 times higher among young refugees compared with their majority peers, but the risk decreased with age in Sweden and increased in Denmark for refugees. Birth-cohort differences drove the increase in Denmark, while trends were consistent across birth-cohorts in Sweden. Differences in population characteristics did not contribute to country differences. Common mental disorders did not mediate the inequality in either country, but secondary school completions did (77–85% of associations eliminated).

Conclusions
The findings document both the vulnerability of young refugees to labour market marginalisation and the variability in this vulnerability across post-settlement contexts. While the contrast in policy climates in Denmark and Sweden sharpened over time, the risk of marginalisation appeared more similar in younger cohorts, pointing to the importance of factors other than national immigration and integration policies. Institutional efforts to assist young refugees through secondary education are likely to have long-lasting consequences for their socio-economic trajectories.
A simplified method for evaluating swallowing ability and estimating malnutrition risk: A pilot study in older adults
Authors: Limpuangthip Nareudee , Komin Orapin , Tatiyapongpaiboon Teerawut 
Published: February 2022

Objectives
The aim of this pilot study was to develop a Thai-version of a simple swallowing questionnaire, called the T-SSQ, and to evaluate the association between malnutrition risk and swallowing ability, determined objectively by tongue strength and subjectively by the T-SSQ. Sensitivity analysis was also performed to determine which swallowing indices better estimate malnutrition in older adults.

Methods
This cross-sectional study comprised two phases: Phase I, development and cross-cultural translation of the T-SSQ; and Phase II, application of the T-SSQ in 60 older adults. In Phase I, content and face validity of the T-SSQ was evaluated by 10 experts and 15 older adults. In Phase II, the convergent validity of the T-SSQ was evaluated by determining its association with objective tongue strength. Nutritional status was evaluated using the Thai-version of the Mini-Nutritional Assessment. Covariates included sociodemographic characteristics, and oral and health-related status. Adjusting for covariates, the associations between the two swallowing indices and malnutrition risk were determined using multivariable regression analyses. A cut-off value for low tongue strength was determined using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and sensitivity analysis between the swallowing indices and malnutrition risk was performed.

Results
The T-SSQ comprised 4-items of common signs and symptoms of a swallowing problem. Its content and face validity were verified. Older adults were considered as having a swallowing problem when at least one item was reported. Convergent validity of the subjective index was shown by significantly different tongue strength values between the participants with and without a swallowing problem (p for independent t-test = 0.014). Based on the highest area under the ROC curve, an 18-kPa cut-off value was chosen to classify low tongue strength. Having a swallowing problem and low tongue strength was significantly associated with malnutrition risk. The positive predictive value of the subjective swallowing index was 1.8-fold higher than objective tongue strength.

Conclusions
Self-reported swallowing problems determined by the T-SSQ can be used as a subjective index for evaluating swallowing ability in older adults. Subjective swallowing problems and objective tongue strength were associated with malnutrition risk. However, the T-SSQ estimated malnutrition risk better than the objective index.
The association between heart rate behavior and gait performance: The moderating effect of frailty
Authors: Ruberto Kayleigh , Ehsani Hossein , Parvaneh Saman , Mohler Jane , Fain Mindy , Sweitzer Nancy K. , Toosizadeh Nima 
Published: February 2022

Introduction
Research suggests that frailty not only influence individual systems, but also it affects the interconnection between them. However, no study exists to show how the interplay between cardiovascular and motor performance is compromised with frailty.

Aim
To investigate the effect of frailty on the association between heart rate (HR) dynamics and gait performance.

Methods
Eighty-five older adults (≥65 years and able to walk 9.14 meters) were recruited (October 2016—March 2018) and categorized into 26 non-frail (age = 78.65±7.46 years) and 59 pre-frail/frail individuals (age = 81.01±8.17) based on the Fried frailty phenotype. Participants performed gait tasks while equipped with a wearable electrocardiogram (ECG) sensor attached to the chest, as well as wearable gyroscopes for gait assessment. HR dynamic parameters were extracted, including time to peak HR and percentage increase in HR in response to walking. Using the gyroscope sensors gait parameters were recorded including stride length, stride velocity, mean swing velocity, and double support.

Results
Among the pre-frail/frail group, time to peak HR was significantly correlated with all gait parameters (p<0.0001, r = 0.51–0.59); however, for the non-frail group, none of the correlations between HR dynamics and gait performance parameters were significant (p>0.45, r = 0.03–0.15). The moderation analysis of time to peak HR, demonstrated a significant interaction effect of HR dynamics and frailty status on walking velocity (p<0.01), and the interaction effect was marginally non-significant for other gait parameters (p>0.10).

Conclusions
Current findings, for the first time, suggest that a compromised motor and cardiac autonomic interaction exist among pre-frail/frail older adults; an impaired HR performance (i.e., slower increase of HR in response to stressors) may lead to a slower walking performance. Assessing physical performance and its corresponding HR behavior should be studied as a tool for frailty screening and providing insights about the underlying cardiovascular-related mechanism leading to physical frailty.
Adenoma Detection Rates in 45-49 Year Old Persons Undergoing Screening Colonoscopy: Analysis from the GIQuIC Registry
Authors: Bilal Mohammad , Holub Jennifer , Greenwald David , Pochapin Mark B. , Rex Douglas K. , Shaukat Aasma 
Published: February 2022

Introduction:
The impact of lowering the colon cancer screening age from 50 to 45 years on endoscopist adenoma detection rate (ADR) is not well studied.

Methods:
We used average risk screening colonoscopies submitted to the GI Quality Improvement Consortium, Ltd. registry from 2014-2020 among individuals age 45 to 75 years. We used one way ANOVA test to determine differences between ADRs among 45-49, 50-54 and 50-75 year-olds.

Results:
A total of 2,806,539 screening colonoscopies were performed by 814 endoscopists. The mean ADR in the 45-49 group was 28.6% compared to 31.8% for 50-54 group (p<0.001) and 36.3% for 50-75 (p<0.001).

Discussion:
Endoscopists might see a small drop in their ADR once a higher proportion of 45-49 year old patients start undergoing screening colonoscopy.
McCune–Albright syndrome: description of three clinical cases, features of diagnostics and treatment
Authors: Rozhinskaya L. Ya. , Sardaeva D. G. , Kalinchenko N. Y. , Chukanova A. M. , Tarbaeva N. V. , Buryakina S. A. , Vladimirova V. P. , Belaya Z. E. , Melnichenko G. A. 
Published: February 2022

McCune Albright syndrome (MAS) is a rare disorder caused by a sporadic postzygotic mutation in the GNAS gene, which encodes the alpha subunit of the Gs signaling protein.Permanent activation of the Gs protein leads to uncontrolled production of intracellular cAMP, and autonomic hyperfunction of target organs. Estimated prevalence of the disease – 1\100000 to 1\1000000. For the first time, MAS syndrome was described in 1936 as a triad of symptoms – fibrous dysplasia of bones (FD), spots on the skin of the color of «coffee with milk» and premature sexual development. However, it is now known, that the phenotype of the disease is much more complex. This is primarily due to the mosaic type of mutation in the GNAS gene, which determines a wide range of clinical manifestations, and presents certain difficulties in the diagnosis of this syndrome. Various endocrinopathies can be manifestations of MAS like an acromegaly, a hyperthyroidism, Cushing’s syndrome, hypophospatemic osteomalacia as well as damage to other organs and systems, namely the pathology of the gastrointestinal tract, hepato-biliary cardiovascular systems. This article presents three late diagnosed clinical cases of MAS in patients with coffee-milk spots and FD, multinodular goiter; in two cases in combination with acromegaly. We have demonstrated the possibilities of drug therapy for acromegaly in MAS, as well as the experience of using bisphosphonate for the treatment of FD.The knowledge of clinical manifestations of the MAS, early diagnostics and possibilities of drug therapy in the management of these patients have the important prognostic value for improving the quality of patient’s life.
Kayu Sisa Setelah Penebangan Hutan Alam di Indonesia: Suatu Tinjauan Sistematis
Authors: Budiaman Ahmad , Audia Linda 
Published: February 2022

Kayu sisa penebangan selain berperan penting dalam menjaga keseimbangan ekosistem hutan, juga berpotensi memberikan kontribusi ekonomi dan sosial. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghimpun dan menganalisis hasil-hasil penelitian terkait kuantitas, sumber dan potensi pemanfaatan kayu sisa tebangan pada pengusahaan hutan alam di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode tinjauan sistematis. Pencarian literatur yang sistematis dan komprehensif dilakukan di SINTA, Research Gate, Science Direct, dan Google Scholar, yang dipublikasikan dalam kurun waktu 1990-2020. Kombinasi kata kunci yang digunakan dalam pencarian literatur adalah kayu sisa pemanenan hutan, limbah pemanenan hutan, kayu sisa penebangan hutan, limbah penebangan hutan, felling waste, felling residue, cutting waste, cutting residue logging residue, logging waste dan forest residue. Kayu sisa tebangan pada pengusahaan hutan alam dapat mencapai 45% dari volume kayu yang ditebang. Sebagian besar penelitian melaporkan bahwa kayu sisa tebangan pada pengusahaan hutan alam berasal dari batang bebas cabang. Sebagian kecil kayu sisa penebangan memiliki potensi sebagai bahan baku industri perkayuan. Pemanfaatan kayu sisa tebangan secara komersial masih mengalami kendala teknis dan ekonomi.ABSTRACTLogging residues, besides playing an important role in maintaining the balance of forest ecosystems, also have potential economic and social contributions. This study aimed to collect and analyze research results related to the quantity, source, and potential use of logging residues in natural forest concessions in Indonesia. This study used a systematic review method. A systematic and comprehensive literature search was conducted at SINTA, Research Gate, Science Direct, and Google Scholar, published between 1990 and 2020. The combination of keywords used in the literature search were timber harvesting residues, forest harvesting waste, logging residues, logging waste, felling waste, felling residue, cutting waste, cutting residue, logging waste, and forest residue. The volume of logging residues in the natural forest concessions can reach up to 45% of the volume of the felled tree. Most of the studies reported that the logging residues in the natural forest concessions came mainly from the branch-free stem. A small portion of the logging residue has potential as raw material for the timber industries. The commercial use of logging residues is still facing a technical and economical problem.
Ultrasensitive assay for saliva-based SARS-CoV-2 antigen detection
Authors: Ren Annie , Sohaei Dorsa , Ulndreaj Antigona , Pons-Belda Oscar D. , Fernandez-Uriarte Amaia , Zacharioudakis Ioannis , Sigal George B. , Stengelin Martin , Mathew Anu , Campbell Christopher , Padmanabhan Nikhil , Romero Daniel , Joe Jessica , Soosaipillai Antoninus , Kulasingam Vathany , Mazzulli Tony , Li Xinliu A. , McGeer Allison , Diamandis Eleftherios P. , Prassas Ioannis 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Widespread SARS-CoV-2 testing is invaluable for identifying asymptomatic/pre-symptomatic individuals. There remains a technological gap for highly reliable, easy, and quick SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic tests suitable for frequent mass testing. Compared to nasopharyngeal (NP) swab-based tests, saliva-based methods are attractive due to easier and safer sampling. Current saliva-based SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen tests (RATs) are hindered by limited analytical sensitivity. Here, we report one of the first ultrasensitive, saliva-based SARS-CoV-2 antigen assays with an analytical sensitivity of <0.32 pg/mL, corresponding to four viral RNA copies/µL, which is comparable to that of PCR-based tests.

Methods
Using the novel electrochemiluminescence (ECL)-based immunoassay, we measured the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) antigen concentration in 105 salivas, obtained from non-COVID-19 and COVID-19 patients. We then verified the results with a second, independent cohort of 689 patients (3.8% SARS-CoV-2 positivity rate). We also compared our method with a widely used point-of-care rapid test.

Results
In the first cohort, at 100% specificity, the sensitivity was 92%. Our assay correctly identified samples with viral loads up to 35 CT cycles by saliva-based PCR. Paired NP swab-based PCR results were obtained for 86 cases. Our assay showed high concordance with saliva-based and NP swab-based PCR in samples with negative (<0.32 pg/mL) and strongly positive (>2 pg/mL) N antigen concentrations. In the second cohort, at 100% specificity, sensitivity was also 92%. Our assay is about 700-fold more sensitive than the Abbott Panbio Rapid Test.

Conclusions
We demonstrated the ultrasensitivity and specificity assay and its concordance with PCR. This novel assay is especially valuable when compliance to frequent swabbing may be problematic.
An approach for determining allowable between reagent lot variation
Authors: van Schrojenstein Lantman Marith , Çubukçu Hikmet Can , Boursier Guilaine , Panteghini Mauro , Bernabeu-Andreu Francisco A. , Milinkovic Neda , Mesko Brguljan Pika , Linko Solveig , Brugnoni Duilio , O’Kelly Ruth , Kroupis Christos , Lohmander Maria , Šprongl Luděk , Vanstapel Florent , Thelen Marc 
Published: February 2022

AbstractClinicians trust medical laboratories to provide reliable results on which they rely for clinical decisions. Laboratories fulfil their responsibility for accurate and consistent results by utilizing an arsenal of approaches, ranging from validation and verification experiments to daily quality control procedures. All these procedures verify, on different moments, that the results of a certain examination procedure have analytical performance characteristics (APC) that meet analytical performance specifications (APS) set for a particular intended use. The APC can in part be determined by estimating the measurement uncertainty component under conditions of within-laboratory precision (uRw), which comprises all components influencing the measurement uncertainty of random sources. To maintain the adequacy of their measurement procedures, laboratories need to distinguish aspects that are manageable vs. those that are not. One of the aspects that may influenceuRwis the momentary significant bias caused by shifts in reagent and/or calibrator lots, which, when accepted or unnoticed, become a factor of the APC. In this paper, we postulate a model for allocating a part of allowableuRwto between-reagent lot variation, based on the need for long-term consistency of the measurement variability for that specific measurand. The allocation manages the ratio between short-term and long-term variation and indicates laboratories when to reject or correct certain variations due to reagent lots.
Language as semiosis: a neo-structuralist perspective in the light of pragmaticism
Authors: Shapiro Michael 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Presented is an analysis an analysis of language structure in the round incorporating the elements of Charles Sanders Peirce’s pragmaticism and his apothegm “My language is the sum total of myself” together with a program for reorienting linguistics in the twenty-first century. Postulated as a fundamental principle is the idea that the locus of linguistic reality is the act, the creative moment of speech – a moment made possible by the existing structure of language with its general rules but which transforms that structure, so that linguistic structure is itself always in flux, always being modified by acts of speech. Adduced in illustrative support are data and analyses drawn from the author’s blog (www.languagelore.net) and from his recent book, The speaking self: Language lore and English usage (2nd edn., 2017). Included in Appendices form are fundamental concepts of Peirce’s semeiotic as summarized from Max Fisch’s classical description.
“Click” assembly of novel dual inhibitors of AChE and MAO-B from pyridoxine derivatives for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Jia Zhao , Wen Huiyun , Huang Saipeng , Luo Yane , Gao Juanjuan , Wang Ruijie , Wan Kaikai , Xue Weiming 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study fast synthesizes numerous functionalized pyridoxines using click chemistry and assayedin vitroas inhibitors of the acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase, and two monoamine oxidase (MAO) isoforms, MAO-A and MAO-B. Most of the obtained compounds demonstrate good AChE and selective MAO-B inhibitory activities in the micromolar range, especially one compound, called4k5, exhibits excellent inhibitory performance against AChE (IC50= 0.0816 ± 0.075 μM) and MAO-B (IC50= 0.039 ± 0.003 μM). Finally, a docking study is carried out, demonstrating potential binding orientations and interactions of the compounds in terms of the AChE and MAO-B active sites.