bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Food insecurity and common mental disorders in perinatal women living in low socio-economic settings in Cape Town, South Africa during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cohort study
Authors: Abrahams Zulfa , Lund Crick 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundCommon mental disorders (CMDs), i.e. depression and anxiety, are highly prevalent during the perinatal period, and is associated with poverty, food insecurity and domestic violence. We collected data from perinatal women at two time-points during the COVID-19 pandemic to test the hypotheses that (1) socio-economic adversities at baseline would be associated with CMD prevalence at follow-up and (2) worse mental health at baseline would be associated with higher food insecurity prevalence at follow-up.MethodsTelephonic interviews with perinatal women attending healthcare facilities in Cape Town, South Africa. Multivariable (multilevel) regression analysis was used to model the associations of baseline risk factors with the prevalence of household food insecurity and probable CMD at 3 months follow-up.ResultsAt baseline 859 women were recruited, of whom 217 (25%) were pregnant, 631 (73%) had given birth in the previous 6 months, 106 (12%) had probable CMD, and 375 (44%) were severely food insecure. At follow-up (n = 634), 22 (4%) were still pregnant, 603 (95%) had given birth, 44 (7%) had probable CMD, and 207 (33%) were severely food insecure. In the multivariable regression model, after controlling for confounders, unemployment [incidence rate ratio (IRR) 1.19 (1.12–2.27); p < 0.001] and had higher scores on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale [IRR 1.05 (1.03–1.09); p < 0.001] at baseline predicted food insecurity at follow-up; and experiencing domestic violence [OR 2.79 (1.41–5.50); p = 0.003] at baseline predicted CMD at follow-up.ConclusionsThis study highlights the complex bidirectional relationship between mental health and socio-economic adversity among perinatal women during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Factors associated with minimum dietary diversity failure among Indian children
Authors: Rai Rajesh Kumar , Kumar Sandhya S. , Kumar Chandan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Recognising the importance of infant and young child feeding practices during the first 2 years of life, the World Health Organization's Global Nutrition Monitoring Framework developed a minimum dietary diversity (MDD) indicator for feeding children aged 6–23 months. MDD is defined as the consumption of food items from five or more groups out of a total of eight food groups. Food intake from less than five food groups is considered minimum dietary diversity failure (MDDF). Using the nationally representative National Family Health Survey (NFHS) dataset, the present study assessed the trend in MDDF between 2005–6 and 2015–16 and the factors associated with MDDF among children aged 6–23 months during 2015–16. The NFHS conducted in 2005–6 and 2015–16 covered a sample of 14 419 and 74 078 children aged 6–23 months, respectively. Overall, the MDDF reduced from 87⋅4 % (95 % confidence interval (95 % CI) 86⋅8 %, 87⋅9 %) in 2005–6 to 80⋅6 % (95 % CI 80⋅1 %, 81⋅0 %) in 2015–16. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that increased child's age, second and third birth order children, higher maternal age and education, mass media exposure of mothers and more than four antenatal care visits had a negative association with the MDDF. Children living in rural areas and residing in high-focus states of India were observed with higher odds of experiencing MDDF. Exposure to community healthcare services was negatively associated with MDDF, and anaemic children were more likely to have MDDF. Socioeconomic status of mothers and children and encouragement of maternal and child healthcare use could be helpful in devising context-specific intervention to mitigate MDDF.
BOHR COMPACTIFICATIONS OF GROUPS AND RINGS
Authors: GISMATULLIN JAKUB , JAGIELLA GRZEGORZ , KRUPIŃSKI KRZYSZTOF 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe introduce and study model-theoretic connected components of rings as an analogue of model-theoretic connected components of definable groups. We develop their basic theory and use them to describe both the definable and classical Bohr compactifications of rings. We then use model-theoretic connected components to explicitly calculate Bohr compactifications of some classical matrix groups, such as the discrete Heisenberg group
${\mathrm {UT}}_3({\mathbb {Z}})$
, the continuous Heisenberg group
${\mathrm {UT}}_3({\mathbb {R}})$
, and, more generally, groups of upper unitriangular and invertible upper triangular matrices over unital rings.
The ability of the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) to diagnose protein–energy malnutrition in patients requiring vascular surgery: a validation study
Authors: Thomas Jolene , Delaney Christopher , Miller Michelle 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIdentifying nutritional deficits and implementing appropriate interventions in patients requiring vascular surgery is challenging due to the paucity of appropriate screening and assessment tools in this group. This retrospective study aimed to determine the validity of the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) in identifying protein–energy malnutrition (PEM) in inpatients admitted to a vascular surgery unit, using the PG-SGA as the comparator. Diagnostic accuracy and consistency were determined between the GLIM and the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) global rating. The GLIM determination was made retrospectively using the relevant parameters collected at baseline in the original study. Two hundred and twenty-four (70·1 % male) participants were included. The prevalence of PEM was 28·6 % on GLIM and 17 % via the PG-SGA. Compared with the PG-SGA, the GLIM achieved sensitivity of 73·7 % and specificity of 80·6 %; however positive predictive value was 43·7 % indicating that the GLIM over-diagnosed malnutrition compared with the PG-SGA. Kappa reached 0·427 indicating moderate diagnostic consistency. Due to the absence of an ideal instrument and the complexity of malnutrition often seen in this group which extends beyond PEM to significant micronutrient deficiencies, further work is required to determine the most appropriate instrument in this patient group, and how micronutrient status can also be included in the overall assessment given the critical role of micronutrients in this group.
Maternal folic acid supplement use/dietary folate intake from preconception to early pregnancy and neurodevelopment in 2-year-old offspring: the Japan Environment and Children’s Study
Authors: Suzuki Taeko , Nishigori Toshie , Obara Taku , Masumoto Toshio , Mori Miyuki , Murata Tsuyoshi , Kyozuka Hyo , Ogata Yuka , Sato Akiko , Sampei Mari , Takahashi Toshifumi , Shinoki Kosei , Hosoya Mitsuaki , Fujimori Keiya , Yasumura Seiji , Hashimoto Koichi , Goto Aya , Nishigori Hidekazu ,   The Japan Environment and Children’s Study Group
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe evaluated the association between maternal prenatal folic acid supplementation/dietary folate intake and motor and cognitive development in 2-year-old offspring using data from the Japan Environment and Children’s Study database. Neurodevelopment of 2-year-old offspring were evaluated using the Kyoto Scale of Psychological Development 2001. In total, data of 3839 offspring were analysed. For folic acid supplementation, a multiple regression analysis showed that offspring of mothers who started using folic acid supplements before conception had a significantly lower developmental quotient (DQ) in the postural-motor DQ area than offspring of mothers who did not use them at any time throughout their pregnancy (partial regression coefficient (B) −2·596, 95 % CI −4·738, −0·455). Regarding daily dietary folate intake from preconception to early pregnancy, a multiple regression analysis showed that the group with ≥ 200 µg had a significantly higher DQ in the language-social area than the group with <200 µg. The DQ was higher in the ≥ 400 µg group (B 2·532, 95 % CI 0·201, 4·863) than the 200 to <400 µg group (B 1·437, 95 % CI 0·215, 2·660). In conclusion, our study showed that maternal adequate dietary folate intake from preconception to early pregnancy has a beneficial association with verbal cognition development in 2-year-old offspring. On the other hand, mothers who started using folic acid supplements before conception had an inverse association with motor development in 2-year-old offspring. There were no details on the amount of folic acid in the supplements used and frequency of use. Therefore, further studies are required.
Morphological and genetic variability of the cryptic Gyrodactylus sphinx and Gyrodactylus gerasevi n. sp. (Platyhelminthes: Monogenea) from the Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea: two new members of the cross-ocean distributed Gyrodactylus orecchiae species group
Authors: Dmitrieva E. , Sanna D. , Vodiasova E. , Prokhorova D. , Casu M. , Burreddu C. , Piras M.C. , Garippa G. , Merella P. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Gyrodactylus sphinx Dmitrieva & Gerasev, 2000 is the only species of Gyrodactylus originally described from Aidablennius sphynx (Valenciennes) in the Black Sea. In the present study, monogeneans similar to G. sphinx are reported from the same host and from two other species of Blenniidae from the Black Sea, as well as from the Mediterranean Sea. This study aims to verify the taxonomic status of the specimens found in different hosts and localities, other than the type ones of G. sphinx. Twenty-two measurements of the haptoral structures of 169 gyrodactylids were used for the morphological study. Morphometric variability between different samples was analysed using analysis of variance, multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and principal component analysis (PCA). Molecular studies were carried out using the nuclear internal transcribed spacer 2 and 5.8S ribosomal DNA regions. Network, Bayesian phylogenetic and species delimitation analyses were performed to infer the number of taxonomic units and the phylogeographic relationships occurring within and among them. MANOVA revealed a significant dependence of the morphometry of hamuli and marginal hooks on host species and regions, but a clear differentiation between samples was not confirmed by PCA. Moreover, the ranges of all dimensions overlapped between samples. However, molecular analyses suggested the occurrence of at least two taxonomic entities. The most common entity was present in individuals of the Black and Mediterranean seas, and is described here as Gyrodactylus gerasevi n. sp., whereas a second entity recognized as a G. sphinx was found only in individuals from two localities off Crimea. The monophyletic cluster grouping of these two species was placed within a large clade that also included a separate sister cluster with seven other species of the Gyrodactylus orecchiae cross-ocean species group.
Complex Structure in the Nootka Fault Zone Revealed by Double‐Difference Tomography and a New Earthquake Catalog
Authors: Merrill Reid J. , Bostock Michael G. , Peacock Simon M. , Schaeffer Andrew J. , Roecker Steven W. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe employ an automatic earthquake detection algorithm to seismic waveforms recorded between the years 2000 and 2020 in southwest British Columbia. 32,121 events which possess at least three paired P‐ and S‐wave arrival times are located, compared to 21,538 seismic events in the existing Geologic Survey of Canada catalog. This augmented catalog is employed for double‐difference seismic tomography across Vancouver Island, with particular focus on the Nootka Fault zone (NFZ). The NFZ is a transform boundary that separates the Juan de Fuca and Explorer plates in a zone of distributed left‐lateral strike‐slip faulting. Tomographic results indicate that a double seismic zone exists within the NFZ that parallels Vp/Vs structure typically observed in subduction zones. Specifically, a dipping high Vp/Vs layer is underlain by reduced Vp/Vs material. Structural complexities are revealed by three Mw > 6 events and their aftershocks. The 2004 Mw 6.3 and 2011 Mw 6.4 events are interpreted to reside southeast of the NFZ within the Juan de Fuca plate at depths as shallow as 20 km, and the 2014 Mw 6.6 event is interpreted to reside within oceanic lithosphere of the NFZ at depths >35 km. Vp/Vs structure further indicates that underthrust oceanic lithosphere of the Explorer plate extends to 20 km depth beneath Brooks Peninsula. Our results support the hypothesis that the NFZ represents a structurally independent slice of oceanic lithosphere that exhibits (a) a more northerly trajectory than typically depicted, and (b) increased plate curvature when compared to either the Juan de Fuca or Explorer plates.
Silicate Volcanism on Europa's Seafloor and Implications for Habitability
Authors: Bland M. T. , Elder C. M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHabitable ocean environments on Europa require an influx of reactants to maintain chemical disequilibrium. One possible source of reactants is seafloor volcanism. Modeling has shown that dissipation of tidal energy in Europa's asthenosphere can generate melt, but melt formation cannot be equated with volcanism. Melt must also be transported through Europa's cold lithosphere to erupt at the seafloor. Here, we use two models of dike propagation to show that dikes can only traverse the lithosphere if either the fracture toughness of the lithosphere or the flux into the dike is large (>500 MPa m1/2 or ∼1 m2 s−1, respectively). We conclude that cyclic volcanic episodes might provide reactants to Europa's ocean if magma accumulates at the base of the lithosphere for several thousand years. However, if dikes form too frequently, or are too numerous, the magma flux into each will be insufficient, and volcanism cannot support a habitable ocean environment.
Melatonergic agents influence the sleep-wake and circadian rhythms in healthy and psychiatric participants: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Moon Eunsoo , Partonen Timo , Beaulieu Serge , Linnaranta Outi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractExogenous melatonergic agents are widely used to treat insomnia and sleep disturbance. Several studies have shown that they might also modulate circadian rhythms. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to summarize current knowledge about the effects of melatonin supplements and melatonin agonists on the sleep-wake cycle as well as on the circadian rhythm of melatonin in healthy participants and in patients with psychiatric disorders. The following electronic databases were searched: EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library. Of the 12,719 articles, we finally selected 30 studies including 1294 healthy participants and 8 studies including 687 patients with psychiatric disorders. Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to assess the risk of bias. Using meta-ANOVA, studies on healthy participants showed advancing effects of melatonergic supplements and agonists on sleep-wake cycle according to dosing time and dosage, despite the fact that the original individual melatonin rhythm was within a normal range (fixed effect model standardized mean difference[95% Confidence Interval]= −0.639[−0.968 to −0.310]). In a limited number of randomized controlled trials with psychiatric patients, the findings seemed similar to those with healthy participants, despite the psychiatric disorders and treatment related factors affecting circadian rhythms. Given the unmet clinical need for evidence-based treatments to correct circadian rhythms in psychiatric disorders, efficacy of melatonergic agents seen in healthy participants, and similarity of findings among psychiatric patients, large scale, well-designed randomized controlled trials are needed to test efficacy on circadian parameters in psychiatric disorders.
Ferredoxin reductase and p53 are necessary for lipid homeostasis and tumor suppression through the ABCA1–SREBP pathway
Authors: Zhang Yanhong , Mohibi Shakur , Vasilatis Demitria M. , Chen Mingyi , Zhang Jin , Chen Xinbin 
Published: February 2022

Abstractp53 is known to modulate metabolism and FDXR is required for steroidogenesis. Given that FDXR is a target/regulator of p53, the FDXR–p53 axis may play a unique role in lipid metabolism. Here, we found that expression of ABCA1, a cholesterol-efflux pump, was suppressed by loss of FDXR and/or p53, leading to activation of master lipogenic regulators SREBP1/2. Accordingly, lipid droplets, cholesterol, and triglycerides were increased by loss of FDXR or p53, which were further increased by loss of both FDXR and p53. To explore the biological significance of the FDXR–p53 axis, we generated a cohort of mice deficient in Fdxr and/or Trp53. We found that Fdxr+/−, Trp53+/−, and Fdxr+/−;Trp53+/− mice had a short life span and were prone to spontaneous tumors and liver steatosis. Moreover, the levels of serum cholesterol and triglycerides were significantly increased in Fdxr+/− and Trp53+/− mice, which were further increased in Fdxr+/−;Trp53+/− mice. Interestingly, loss of Fdxr but not p53 led to accumulation of serum low-density lipoprotein. Together, our findings reveal that the FDXR–p53 axis plays a critical role in lipid homeostasis and tumor suppression.
Chronic pediatric diseases and risk for reading difficulties: a narrative review with recommendations
Authors: Perazzo Donna , Moore Ryan , Kasparian Nadine A. , Rodts Megan , Horowitz-Kraus Tzipi , Crosby Lori , Turpin Brian , Beck Andrew F. , Hutton John 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Literacy is a major social determinant of health, rooted in skills that develop during early childhood. Children arriving at kindergarten unprepared to learn to read are more likely to have low reading proficiency thereafter. General and health literacy are highly correlated, affecting understanding of health conditions, treatment adherence, and transition to self-care and adult healthcare services. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends literacy and school readiness promotion during well-visits and neurodevelopmental surveillance is emphasized across primary and subspecialty care. While genetic and environmental risk factors for reading difficulties are well-established, risks related to complex and chronic medical conditions are less appreciated and under-researched. This review applies an eco-bio-developmental framework to explore literacy across five complex chronic conditions affecting millions of children worldwide: asthma, cancer, congenital heart disease, epilepsy, and sickle cell disease. In each, integration of an efficient reading brain network may be impacted by direct factors, such as ischemia, anesthesia, and/or medications, and also indirect factors, such as altered parent–child routines, hospital stays, and missed school. By integrating literacy into care management plans for affected children, pediatric primary care and specialty providers are poised to identify risks early, target guidance and interventions, and improve academic and health outcomes.

Impact

While genetic and environmental risk factors for reading difficulties are well-established, risks related to complex and/or chronic medical conditions such as asthma, cancer, congenital heart disease, epilepsy, and sickle cell disease are substantial, less appreciated, and under-researched.

General and health literacy are highly correlated, with implications for the understanding one’s health condition, treatment adherence, and transitioning to self-care, which is especially important for children with complex and/or chronic illness.

Pediatric primary care and specialty providers are poised to integrate reading and literacy into care management plans for children with complex and/or chronic illness, including early screening, guidance, support, and interventions.
Interplay between soluble CD74 and macrophage-migration inhibitory factor drives tumor growth and influences patient survival in melanoma
Authors: Fukuda Yasunari , Bustos Matias A. , Cho Sung-Nam , Roszik Jason , Ryu Suyeon , Lopez Victor M. , Burks Jared K. , Lee Jeffrey E. , Grimm Elizabeth A. , Hoon Dave S. B. , Ekmekcioglu Suhendan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSoluble forms of receptors play distinctive roles in modulating signal-transduction pathways. Soluble CD74 (sCD74) has been identified in sera of inflammatory diseases and implicated in their pathophysiology; however, few relevant data are available in the context of cancer. Here we assessed the composition and production mechanisms, as well as the clinical significance and biological properties, of sCD74 in melanoma. Serum sCD74 levels were significantly elevated in advanced melanoma patients compared with normal healthy donors, and the high ratio of sCD74 to macrophage-migration inhibitory factor (MIF) conferred significant predictive value for prolonged survival in these patients (p = 0.0035). Secretion of sCD74 was observed primarily in melanoma cell lines as well as a THP-1 line of macrophages from monocytes and primary macrophages, especially in response to interferon-γ (IFN-γ). A predominant form that showed clinical relevance was the 25-KDa sCD74, which originated from the 33-KDa isoform of CD74. The release of this sCD74 was regulated by either a disintegrin and metalloproteinase-mediated cell-surface cleavage or cysteine-protease-mediated lysosomal cleavage, depending on cell types. Both recombinant and THP-1 macrophage-released endogenous sCD74 suppressed melanoma cell growth and induced apoptosis under IFN-γ stimulatory conditions via inhibiting the MIF/CD74/AKT-survival pathway. Our findings demonstrate that the interplay between sCD74 and MIF regulates tumor progression and determines patient outcomes in advanced melanoma.
Systems-based approaches to study immunometabolism
Authors: Purohit Vinee , Wagner Allon , Yosef Nir , Kuchroo Vijay K. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTechnical advances at the interface of biology and computation, such as single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq), reveal new layers of complexity in cellular systems. An emerging area of investigation using the systems biology approach is the study of the metabolism of immune cells. The diverse spectra of immune cell phenotypes, sparsity of immune cell numbers in vivo, limitations in the number of metabolites identified, dynamic nature of cellular metabolism and metabolic fluxes, tissue specificity, and high dependence on the local milieu make investigations in immunometabolism challenging, especially at the single-cell level. In this review, we define the systemic nature of immunometabolism, summarize cell- and system-based approaches, and introduce mathematical modeling approaches for systems interrogation of metabolic changes in immune cells. We close the review by discussing the applications and shortcomings of metabolic modeling techniques. With systems-oriented studies of metabolism expected to become a mainstay of immunological research, an understanding of current approaches toward systems immunometabolism will help investigators make the best use of current resources and push the boundaries of the discipline.