bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coil and n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate migration into the stomach after TIPS for gastroesophageal variceal bleeding: A case report and literature review
Authors: Zhang Yue-Lin , Nie Chun-Hui , Zhou Tan-Yang , Zhou Guan-Hui , Zhu Tong-Yin , Chen Sheng-Qun , Wang Hong-Liang , Wang Bao-Quan , Yu Zi-Niu , Jing Li , Xia Qi , Chen Hong-Tan , Sun Jun-Hui 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is a well-established therapeutic option for the management of variceal hemorrhage in patients with cirrhosis. The simultaneous migration of the coil and n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (NBCA) is an extremely rare but significant complication after TIPS. Because of its rare presentation, there are currently no definitive recommendations for the management of this condition.
Case presentation:
A 46-year-old man with hepatitis B cirrhosis underwent TIPS placement for uncontrolled gastroesophageal varix (GEV) bleeding secondary to portal hypertension in August 2018. During the procedure, large GEVs were embolized using a coil and NBCA. After a year, coil and NBCA migration into the stomach was observed. Attempts to remove the coil using biopsy forceps during esophagogastroduodenoscopy failed. The patient refused further intervention on the coil to prevent further complications and received conservative therapy instead. Close surveillance with endoscopy is recommended for detecting coils and varices.
Conclusions
The present case reports an extremely rare but significant complication after TIPS, which highlights the management and follow-up recommendation for such rare complications. Our experience may provide guidance for the management of future similar cases and stimulate discussion about treatment methods of similar patients.
Wave after wave – Determining the temporal lag in Covid-19 infections and deaths using spatial panel data from Germany
Authors: Fritz Manuela Katharina 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The Covid-19 pandemic requires a continuous evaluation of whether current policies and measures taken are sufficient to protect vulnerable populations. One quantitative indicator of policy effectiveness and pandemic severity is the case fatality ratio, which relies on the lagged number of infections relative to current deaths. The appropriate length of the time lag to be used, however, is heavily debated. In this article, I contribute to this debate by determining the temporal lag between the number of infections and deaths using daily panel data from Germany’s 16 federal states. To account for the dynamic spatial spread of the virus, I rely on different spatial econometric models that allow not only to consider the infections in a given state but also spillover effects through infections in neighboring federal states. My results suggest that a wave of infections within a given state is followed by increasing death rates 12 days later. Yet, if the number of infections in other states rises, the number of death cases within that given state subsequently decreases. The results of this article contribute to the better understanding of the dynamic spatio-temporal spread of the virus in Germany, which is indispensable for the design of effective policy responses. .
Changes in diaphragm thickness and 6-min walking distance improvement after inspiratory muscle training in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Ichiba Tomomi , Miyagawa Tetsuo , Tsuda Toru , Kera Takeshi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
The Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease guidelines (http://www.goldcopd.org, accessed January 16, 2020) reported the use of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) as a part of comprehensive respiratory rehabilitation programs for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, some studies have indicated that the effect of such training is uncertain. Moreover whether IMT effects are caused by improvement in central or peripheral factors remains unclear. Few studies examining IMT effects have used new evaluation items. We aimed to clarify the effects of IMT by additionally measuring the airway-occlusion pressure at 0.1 s after the start of inspiratory flow (P0.1), as an index of respiratory central output, and by evaluating diaphragm movement based on the thickness of the diaphragm muscle (Tdi) using ultrasound.
Methods
Thirteen patients with COPD participated in the study. IMT was performed using the POWER breathe® Medic Plus breathing trainer in combination with each participant’s outpatient rehabilitation regimen. Starting at 20% of the maximal inspiratory pressure (PImax) and increasing to 50%, the participants performed 30 IMT repetitions twice a day for 2 months. Respiratory muscle strength, P0.1, 6-min walking distance (6MWD), and Tdi were measured before and after IMT. Dyspnea, lower limb fatigue (assessed using the Borg Scale), and respiratory rate (RR) were measured before and after the 6-min walk test (6MWT).
Results
PImax and 6MWD significantly increased after training. Tdi at resting inspiration and expiration and maximal inspiration also significantly increased after training. In addition, the Borg Scale scores for dyspnea and leg fatigue and the RR of the 1-min recovery period after the 6MWT significantly decreased. There was no significant difference in P0.1.
Conclusions
We examined the combined effects of IMT, incorporating the evaluation of P0.1 and Tdi. We found that the PImax, 6MWD, and Tdi significantly increased, but no significant difference was observed in P0.1 after training. These results suggest that the effects of IMT may be attributed to the improved peripheral factors rather than to the central factors.
Challenges and lessons learned from four years of planning and implementing pharmacovigilance enhancement in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Stegmann Jens Ulrich , Jusot Viviane , Menang Olga , Gardiner Gregory , Vesce Sabino , Volpe Stephanie , Ndalama Anderson , Adou Felix , Ofori-Anyinam Opokua , Oladehin Olakunle , Mendoza Yolanda Guerra 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Pharmacovigilance (PV) systems in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are not fully functional. The spontaneous adverse events (AE) reporting rate in SSA is lower than in any other region of the world, and healthcare professionals (HCPs) in SSA countries have limited awareness of AE surveillance and reporting procedures. The GSK PV enhancement pilot initiative, in collaboration with PATH and national PV stakeholders, aimed to strengthen passive safety surveillance through a training and mentoring program of HCPs in healthcare facilities in three SSA countries: Malawi, Côte d’Ivoire, and Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Project implementation was country-driven, led by the Ministry of Health via the national PV center or department, and was adapted to each country’s needs. The implementation phase for each country was scheduled to last 18 months. At project start, low AE reporting rates reflected that awareness of PV practices was very low among HCPs in all three countries, even if a national PV center already existed. Malawi did not have a functional PV system nor a national PV center prior to the start of the initiative. After 18 months of PV training and mentoring of HCPs, passive safety surveillance was enhanced significantly as shown by the increased number of AE reports: from 22 during 2000–2016 to 228 in 18 months to 511 in 30 months in Malawi, and ~ 80% of AE reports from trained healthcare facilities in Côte d’Ivoire. In DRC, project implementation ended after seven months because of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Main challenges encountered were delayed AE report transmission (1–2 months, due mainly to remoteness of healthcare facilities and complex procedures for transmitting reports to the national PV center), delayed or no causality assessment due to lack of expertise and/or funding, negative perceptions among HCPs toward AE reporting, and difficulties in engaging public health programs with the centralized AE reporting processes. This pilot project has enabled the countries to train more HCPs, increased reporting of AEs and identified KPIs that could be flexibly replicated in each country. Country ownership and empowerment is essential to sustain these improvements and build a stronger AE reporting culture.
Exploring the Use of a Facebook-Based Support Group for Caregivers of Children and Youth With Complex Care Needs: Qualitative Descriptive Study
Authors: Kelly Katherine Jennifer , Doucet Shelley , Luke Alison , Azar Rima , Montelpare William 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundCaregivers of children and youth with complex care needs (CCN) require substantial support to ensure the well-being of their families. Web-based peer-to-peer (P2P) support groups present an opportunity for caregivers to seek and provide timely informational and emotional support. Despite the widespread use of social media for health-related support across diverse patient and caregiver populations, it is unclear how caregivers of children and youth with CCN use and potentially benefit from these groups.ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to explore the use of a web-based P2P support group for caregivers of children and youth with CCN in New Brunswick, Canada, and investigate factors related to its use by members.MethodsThe study sample consisted of individuals who joined a closed Facebook group and an analysis of content published to the group. In phase 1, a Facebook group was developed in consultation with a patient and family advisory council, and members were recruited to the group. Phase 2 of this study consisted of an observation period during which posts and related interactions (ie, likes, loves, and comments) by members were collected. In phase 3, a web-based survey was distributed, and semistructured interviews were conducted with a subsample of group members. Survey and interview data were analyzed using thematic analysis.ResultsA total of 108 caregivers joined the Facebook group between October 2020 and March 2021. There were 93 posts with 405 comments and 542 associated interactions (448/542, 82.7% likes and 94/542, 17.3% loves). Of these 93 posts, 37 (40%) were made by group members, and 56 (60%) were made by moderators. Of the 108 members, a subsample of 39 (36.1%) completed a web-based survey, and 14 (13%) participated in the interviews. Content analyses of posts by members revealed that inquiry (17/37, 46%), informational (15/37, 41%), and emotional posts (4/37, 11%) were the most common. Emotional posts received the highest number of interactions (median 24.5). In total, 5 themes emerged from the interviews related to the use of the group and mediating factors of interactions between group members: resource for information, altruistic contribution, varying level of engagement, perceived barriers to and facilitators of group activity, and moderators as contributing members.ConclusionsThese findings demonstrate that caregivers of children and youth with CCN seek geography-specific P2P support groups to meet informational and social support needs. This study contributes to the knowledge on how caregivers use Facebook groups to meet their support needs through moderate and passive engagement.
Testing a Mobile App for Participatory Research to Identify Teen-Targeted Food Marketing: Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Truman Emily , Elliott Charlene 
Published: May 2022

Background
Mobile apps are not only effective tools for promoting health to teenagers but are also useful for engaging teenagers in participatory research on factors that influence their health. Given the impact of food marketing messages on teenagers’ food attitudes and consumption choices, it is important to develop effective methods for capturing the food advertisements targeted at this population to assess their content.

Objective
The aim of this study was to test the feasibility and usability of a mobile app, “GrabFM!” (“Grab Food Marketing!”), designed for teenagers to facilitate monitoring of self-identified targeted food marketing messaging.

Methods
A mixed methods approach, including quantitative user response rates and qualitative focus group discussion feedback, was used in the evaluation process.

Results
A total of 62 teenagers (ages 13-17) completed GrabFM! app pilot testing over a 7-day data collection period. Teenagers submitted a total of 339 examples of food marketing, suggesting high feasibility for the app. Participants also took part in focus group discussions about their experience, providing positive feedback on usability, including ease of use and design aesthetic appeal.

Conclusions
The GrabFM! app had high feasibility and usability, suggesting its efficacy in capturing accurate data relevant to the teenage population’s experience with food marketing messaging.
Monitoring Symptoms of COVID-19: Review of Mobile Apps
Authors: Schmeelk Suzanna , Davis Alison , Li Qiaozheng , Shippey Caroline , Utah Michelle , Myers Annie , Reading Turchioe Meghan , Masterson Creber Ruth 
Published: May 2022

Background
Mobile health (mHealth) apps have facilitated symptom monitoring of COVID-19 symptoms globally and have been used to share data with health care professionals and support disease prediction, prevention, management, diagnostics, and improvements in treatments and patient education.

Objective
The aim of this review is to evaluate the quality and functionality of COVID-19 mHealth apps that support tracking acute and long-term symptoms of COVID-19.

Methods
We systematically reviewed commercially available mHealth apps for COVID-19 symptom monitoring by searching Google Play and Apple iTunes using search terms such as “COVID-19,” “Coronavirus,” and “COVID-19 and symptoms.” All apps underwent three rounds of screening. The final apps were independently assessed using the Mobile Application Rating Scale (MARS), an informatics functionality scoring system, and the Center for Disease Control and World Health Organization symptom guidelines. The MARS is a 19-item standardized tool to evaluate the quality of mHealth apps on engagement, functionality, aesthetics, and information quality. Functionality was quantified across the following criteria: inform, instruct, record (collect, share, evaluate, and intervene), display, guide, remind or alert, and communicate. Interrater reliability between the reviewers was calculated.

Results
A total of 1017 mobile apps were reviewed, and 20 (2%) met the inclusion criteria. The majority of the 20 included apps (n=18, 90%) were designed to track acute COVID-19 symptoms, and only 2 (10%) addressed long-term symptoms. Overall, the apps scored high on quality, with an overall MARS rating of 3.89 out of 5, and the highest domain score for functionality (4.2). The most common functionality among all apps was the instruct function (n=19, 95%). The most common symptoms included in the apps for tracking were fever and dry cough (n=18, 90%), aches and pains (n=17, 85%), difficulty breathing (n=17, 85%), tiredness, sore throat, headache, loss of taste or smell (n=16, 80%), and diarrhea (n=15, 75%). Only 2 (10%) apps specifically tracked long-term symptoms of COVID-19. The top 4 rated apps overall were state-specific apps developed and deployed for public use.

Conclusions
Overall, mHealth apps designed to monitor symptoms of COVID-19 were of high quality, but the majority of apps focused almost exclusively on acute symptoms. Future apps should also incorporate monitoring long-term symptoms of COVID-19 and evidence-based educational materials; they should also include a feature that would allow patients to communicate their symptoms to specific caregivers or their own health care team. App developers should also follow updated technical and clinical guidelines from the Center for Disease Control and the World Health Organization.
Aproximaciones cognitivas al estudio de la metáfora: teoría de la relevancia y teoría de la metáfora conceptual
Authors: Morgado Fernández Paula 
Published: May 2022

La metáfora ha sido objeto de reflexión en diversos campos del saber. Debido a ello, no posee una clara delimitación conceptual ni tampoco un consenso respecto de cómo se comprende. En el área de la lingüística existen dos desarrollos teóricos sobresalientes para el tratamiento de este fenómeno: la teoría de la relevancia y la teoría de la metáfora conceptual. El propósito de este artículo es contrastar dichas perspectivas de estudio con el objetivo de describir sus lineamientos epistemológicos y objetivos teóricos. Los resultados demuestran que ambas propuestas integran el sustrato cognitivo en el tratamiento de la metáfora, solo que en diferente medida. La teoría de la relevancia se interesa por el proceso de generación e interpretación del enunciado metafórico, mientras que, para la teoría de la metáfora conceptual, las metáforas estructuran todo el sistema conceptual por medio del cual pensamos y actuamos.
El VIH en los pueblos indígenas de Oaxaca, México: de la inmunidad étnica a la vulnerabilidad estructural
Authors: Muñoz Martinez Rubén 
Published: May 2022

<p>En la actualidad no existen cifras oficiales sobre el impacto del VIH en los pueblos indígenas en México; son muy escasos los estudios al respecto, debido a la exclusión —desde ciertas ideologías dominantes— de conocer y abordar esta problemática y sus especificidades. A partir de una investigación etnográfica, complementada con análisis cuantitativo de datos epidemiológicos, se documentan y analizan en Oaxaca (el estado que posee el mayor número de hablantes de lengua indígena): <em>a)</em> datos cuantitativos desagregados por etnicidad sobre prevalencia de VIH y mortalidad por SIDA; <em>b)</em> procesos socioculturales que producen inequidades en la prevención, detección, atención del VIH y en la mortalidad por SIDA de esta población respecto a la no indígena, y <em>c)</em> estrategias individuales y colectivas para afrontar las barreras en el acceso y apego al tratamiento. Se proponen las <em>gramáticas de la inmunidad</em> y la <em>inmunidad étnica</em> como eje teórico-conceptual que discute las narrativas y prácticas dominantes en la epidemiología, en la academia y en la sociedad civil respecto a esta problemática, basadas en la consideración de la etnicidad como un factor protector frente al VIH.</p>
Modeling Electoral Psychology. Understanding Voting Behavior in the 21st Century
Authors: Muñoz Suárez Eduardo 
Published: May 2022

<p align="center"> <strong>Modelizando la Psicología Electoral. Comprendiendo el comportamiento del votante en el siglo XXI.</strong></p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>Among the existing literature on the understanding of electoral behaviour, a new work has appeared: <em>Inside the Mind of a Voter. A New Approach to Electoral Psychology</em>,<em> </em>authored<em> </em>by Michael Bruter and Sarah Harrison, two researchers from the London School of Economics and Political Science (lse) and founders of the Electoral Psychology Observatory (epo). The monograph is structured in 10 chapters and studies all key aspects related to the research of electoral behaviour from the perspective of electoral psychology.</p>
Rise of Medicalised Mindfulness During the 1970s and 1980s
Authors: Morris Stephen 
Published: May 2022

In the 1970s, scientists combined spiritual meditation methods with scientific knowledge to access the curative potential of belief-based practices. Mindfulness was one of several meditation methods scientists claimed could deliver health benefits. In 1979, Jon Kabat-Zinn redefined traditional mindfulness meditation for clinical use, later rebranding the training as mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR). Mindfulness eventually became the dominant object of meditation research, spawning a family of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs). Today MBIs are embedded within UK health and social policy. However, despite the widespread acceptance of mindfulness, scientists have identified limitations in the evidence supporting its proliferation. Notwithstanding these concerns, little is known about how meditation converged with science during the 1970s and 1980s. Transdisciplinary investigation of the history of meditation has shed new light on mindfulness’s migration to medico-scientific domains. From this perspective, MBSR appears as part of a wider movement to relocate spiritual meditation within science. By analysing peer-reviewed scientific and humanities studies, this paper will outline how mindfulness became scientifically validated through a process I describe as medicalisation. I will also briefly discuss a possible relationship between medicalisation and current concerns in mindfulness research.

Keywords: mindfulness, meditation, transdisciplinary, belief, medicalisation
Role of seasonal variation on the prevalence and risk factors of trichuriasis among the aboriginal community in Malaysia
Authors: Noradilah S. A. , Anuar T. S. , Lee I. L. 
Published: May 2022

Summary

Trichuris trichiura is a soil-transmitted helminth prevalent in developing countries with poor, inadequate sanitation and unsafe water sources. In Malaysia, the prevalence of trichuriasis is relatively high among the aboriginal community due to poverty and poor sanitation. However, there are few studies to determine the seasonal variation on the prevalence and risk factors to acquire Trichuris trichiura infection in Malaysia. The present study found higher Trichuris trichiura infection during the dry season (63.6%; 138/217) in comparison to the wet season (55.5%; 142/256). Low household income, low education level and practice of open defecation were significant risk factors to acquire Trichuris trichiura infection during the wet season. Usage of untreated water supplies for daily activities was a risk factor to acquire trichuriasis during the dry season. This study highlighted that poverty and poor sanitation practices as well as drinking untreated water put the aborigines at high risk to acquire trichuriasis. Therefore, health education, improved sanitation and provision of treated water supply are recommended for the prevention and control of Trichuris trichiura infections in the aboriginal community.