bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cool Yourself and Be Strong: Emotional Fixes in the Work of Bangladeshi Marriage Advisers
Authors: Gardner Katy 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBuilding on Andrea Pia's notion of the ethical fix, this article shows how emotional fixes are used to bring emotions into balance at a feminist nongovernmental organization (NGO) in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Promoting a noninterventionist stance in which its advisers do not directly tell their clients what to do, the NGO provides legal advice and counseling to women facing problems in their marriages. Emotional fixes include building clients’ inner strength, cooling emotions, and shaming abusive husbands. These fixes enable the advisers to reconcile what appears from the outside to be contradictory positions: feminism, on the one hand, and adherence to hierarchical kinship norms, on the other. This means that more intractable issues are avoided and the potentially contradictory ethical stances of the advisers are obscured. Client emotions are malleable and fluid, and injunctions by advisers for clients to cultivate particular states, such as ‘coolness’ can work in a range of ways. While the antipolitics of the emotional fix can cut both ways—concealing both emancipatory and conservative politics ‐ like Pia's ethical fixthe emotional fix itself remains piecemeal and fragile.
The conundrum of the connection of grapevine Pinot gris virus with the grapevine leaf mottling and deformation syndrome
Authors: Tarquini Giulia , Ermacora Paolo , Martini Marta , Firrao Giuseppe 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSince its discovery in 2012, the role of the trichovirus named grapevine Pinot gris virus (GPGV) as the causative agent of grapevine leaf mottling and deformation (GMLD) syndrome, a grapevine disease for which symptoms had been observed in north Italy and western Slovenia a few years earlier, has been a matter of discussion. In the following 10 years of investigations, evidence has emerged of a role for the genetic diversity of the virus and for the varietal diversity of the host, as well as their interaction during antiviral defence (i.e. RNA silencing) and virus‐mediated defence suppression. In a context of wider research efforts, several relevant aspects of GPGV evolution and GMLD epidemiology were also clarified. Nevertheless, a complete understanding of the molecular events and the environmental conditions that could affect viral infection severity and symptom display remains a challenging puzzle. In the meantime, we are witnessing a large spread of the virus, which has almost completely permeated the regions where it first appeared, while spreading through most areas of grapevine cultivation. A deeper knowledge of the molecular context of the disease is key to establishing whether the impressive potential of GPGV to spread makes it a candidate as the next emerging threat for the grapevine industry.
Collaboration in crisis: Utilizing the SOS program, an at‐home COVID‐19 vaccine administration initiative, to demonstrate best practices in emergency management collaboration
Authors: Rauhaus Beth M. , Sibila Deborah A. , Mahan Mary 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe Save Our Seniors (SOS) program was created by local government officials in South Texas to vaccinate the community's most vulnerable citizens amidst the COVID‐19 pandemic. The Corpus Christi Fire Department (CCFD) collaborated with various local government entities and other organizations to identify individuals needing the vaccine but unable to leave home. The program was soon adopted statewide and beyond. Using data collected from interviews with the public officials and emergency management personnel responsible for the creation of the SOS program, this Viewpoint provides information about the collaborative efforts used to implement the program and offers best practices for collaboration in local emergency management.
Biomechanical evaluation of Back injuries during typical snowboarding backward falls
Authors: Wei Wei , Evin Morgane , Bailly Nicolas , Arnoux Pierre‐Jean 
Published: November 2022

To prevent spinal and back injuries in snowboarding, back protector devices (BPDs) have been increasingly used. The biomechanical knowledge for the BPD design and evaluation remains to be explored in snowboarding accident conditions. This study aims to evaluate back‐to‐snow impact conditions and the associated back injury mechanisms in typical snowboarding backward falls. A previously validated snowboarder multi‐body model was first used to evaluate the impact zones on the back and the corresponding impact velocities in a total of 324 snowboarding backward falls. The biomechanical responses during back‐to‐snow impacts were then evaluated by applying the back‐to‐snow impact velocity to a full human body finite element model to fall on the snow ground of three levels of stiffness (soft, hard, and icy snow). The mean values of back‐to‐snow normal and tangential impact velocities were 2.4 m/s and 7.3 m/s with maximum values up to 4.8 m/s and 18.5 m/s. The lower spine had the highest normal impact velocity during snowboarding backward falls. The thoracic spine was found more likely to exceed the limits of flexion‐extension range of motions than the lumbar spine during back‐to‐snow impacts, indicating a higher injury risk. On the hard and icy snow, rib cage and vertebral fractures were predicted at the costal cartilage and the posterior elements of the vertebrae. Despite the possible back injuries, the back‐to‐snow impact force was always lower than the force thresholds of the current BPD testing standard. The current work provides additional biomechanical knowledge for the future design of back protections for snowboarders.
Silvernanoparticle‐induced hemolysis confounded with direct antiglobulin test‐negative autoimmune hemolytic anemias diagnosis
Authors: Ringel Frauke , Kiesewetter Holger , Mayer Beate , Bartolmäs Thilo , Sehouli Jalid , Salama Abdulgabar 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundWe describe here the first patient with recurrent hemolysis related to disinfectant containing silver nanoparticles (AgNps).MethodsA 58‐year‐old chemist repeatedly experienced DAT‐negative (Coombs‐negative) hemolysis during the last 5 years. He was treated with a number of immunosuppressive drugs including 18 times rituximab. The attempt to treat him with cyclosporine A served only to increase the rate of hemolysis. Only by chance, we revealed that the patient regularly used a hand disinfectant containing AgNps. Serological testing was performed using standard techniques. Eryptosis was measured by binding annexin to exposed phosphatidylserine (PS) of the circulating red blood cells (RBCs).ResultsAntiglobulin tests remained negative, and PS exposing RBCs were detected two times during the last hemolytic episodes. Hemolysis completely disappeared following discontinuation of AgNp containing products.ConclusionAgNps are increasingly being used in a large variety of products. Recently, it was reported that they induce in vitro prohemolytic and procoagulant effects via oxidative stress and eryptosis. The clinical findings imply the hemolysis was provoked by the patient's regular use of cleansing products containing AgNps. Our finding might help to explain the etiology of hemolytical disorders that may remain obscure in many cases.
Undergraduate Hypersonics Research: Lessons From Two Years of the REU Site HYPER
Authors: Kauffman Jeffrey L. , Gordon Ali P. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The University of Central Florida (UCF) trains future engineers and scientists for research-oriented careers through a number of programs and initiatives. One of the most recent is a Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU) site based on next-generation transportation and energy housed within the Center for Advanced Turbomachinery and Energy Research (CATER) and the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering (MAE). The site unites eleven multi-disciplinary research projects around HYpersonic, Propulsive, Energetic, and Reusable Platforms (HYPER). A key goal of HYPER is to equip and motivate undergraduate students to pursue graduate school and/or a research-oriented career, particularly across a diverse student participant cohort. The site has held two cohorts, engaging 25 students in a ten-week intensive experience, conducting research under the guidance of faculty mentors and graduate students. Students explored career options through industry tours, professional development seminars, and mentor-led research seminars. This paper reports the program impacts on the students and discusses several lessons learned across the cohorts.
Effect of oral antimicrobial prophylaxis on surgical site infection after elective colorectal surgery: multicentre, randomised, double blind, placebo controlled trial
Authors: Futier Emmanuel , Jaber Samir , Garot Matthias , Vignaud Marie , Panis Yves , Slim Karem , Lucet Jean-Christophe , Lebuffe Gilles , Ouattara Alexandre , El Amine Younes , Couderc Philippe , Dupré Aurélien , De Jong Audrey , Lasocki Sigismond , Leone Marc , Pottecher Julien , Pereira Bruno , Paugam-Burtz Catherine 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Objective
To investigate whether oral antimicrobial prophylaxis as an adjunct to intravenous antibiotic prophylaxis reduces surgical site infections after elective colorectal surgery.

Design
Multicentre, randomised, double blind, placebo controlled trial.

Setting
11 university and non-university hospitals in France between 25 May 2016 and 8 August 2019.

Participants
926 adults scheduled for elective colorectal surgery.

Intervention
Patients were randomised to receive either a single 1 g dose of ornidazole (n=463) or placebo (n=463) orally 12 hours before surgery, in addition to intravenous antimicrobial prophylaxis before surgical incision.

Main outcome measures
The primary outcome was the proportion of patients with surgical site infection within 30 days after surgery. Secondary outcomes included individual types of surgical site infections and major postoperative complications (Clavien-Dindo classification grade 3 or higher) within 30 days after surgery.

Results
Of the 960 patients who were enrolled, 926 (96%) were included in the analysis. The mean age of participants was 63 years and 554 (60%) were men. Surgical site infection within 30 days after surgery occurred in 60 of 463 patients (13%) in the oral prophylaxis group and 100 of 463 (22%) in the placebo group (absolute difference −8.6%, 95% confidence interval −13.5% to −3.8%; relative risk 0.60, 95% confidence interval 0.45 to 0.80). The proportion of patients with deep infections was 4.8% in the oral prophylaxis group and 8.0% in the placebo group (absolute difference −3.2%, 95% confidence interval −6.4% to −0.1%). The proportion of patients with organ space infections was 5.0% in the oral prophylaxis group and 8.4% in the placebo group (absolute difference −3.4%, −6.7% to −0.2%). Major postoperative complications occurred in 9.1% patients in the oral prophylaxis group and 13.6% in the placebo group (absolute difference −4.5%, −8.6% to −0.5%).

Conclusion
Among adults undergoing elective colorectal surgery, the addition of a single 1 g dose of ornidazole compared with placebo before surgery significantly reduced surgical site infections.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT02618720
.
Transmission dynamics of monkeypox in the United Kingdom: contact tracing study
Authors: Ward Thomas , Christie Rachel , Paton Robert S , Cumming Fergus , Overton Christopher E 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Objective
To analyse the transmission dynamics of the monkeypox outbreak in the UK, declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern in July 2022.

Design
Contact tracing study, linking data on case-contact pairs and on probable exposure dates.

Setting
Case questionnaires from the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), United Kingdom.

Participants
2746 people with polymerase chain reaction confirmed monkeypox virus in the UK between 6 May and 1 August 2022.

Main outcome measures
The incubation period and serial interval of a monkeypox infection using two bayesian time delay models—one corrected for interval censoring (ICC—interval censoring corrected) and one corrected for interval censoring, right truncation, and epidemic phase bias (ICRTC—interval censoring right truncation corrected). Growth rates of cases by reporting date, when monkeypox virus was confirmed and reported to UKHSA, were estimated using generalised additive models.

Results
The mean age of participants was 37.8 years and 95% reported being gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (1160 out of 1213 reporting). The mean incubation period was estimated to be 7.6 days (95% credible interval 6.5 to 9.9) using the ICC model and 7.8 days (6.6 to 9.2) using the ICRTC model. The estimated mean serial interval was 8.0 days (95% credible interval 6.5 to 9.8) using the ICC model and 9.5 days (7.4 to 12.3) using the ICRTC model. Although the mean serial interval was longer than the incubation period for both models, short serial intervals were more common than short incubation periods, with the 25th centile and the median of the serial interval shorter than the incubation period. For the ICC and ICRTC models, the corresponding estimates ranged from 1.8 days (95% credible interval 1.5 to 1.8) to 1.6 days (1.4 to 1.6) shorter at the 25th centile and 1.6 days (1.5 to 1.7) to 0.8 days (0.3 to 1.2) shorter at the median. 10 out of 13 linked patients had documented pre-symptomatic transmission. Doubling times of cases declined from 9.07 days (95% confidence interval 12.63 to 7.08) on the 6 May, when the first case of monkeypox was reported in the UK, to a halving time of 29 days (95% confidence interval 38.02 to 23.44) on 1 August.

Conclusions
Analysis of the instantaneous growth rate of monkeypox incidence indicates that the epidemic peaked in the UK as of 9 July and then started to decline. Short serial intervals were more common than short incubation periods suggesting considerable pre-symptomatic transmission, which was validated through linked patient level records. For patients who could be linked through personally identifiable data, four days was the maximum time that transmission was detected before symptoms manifested. An isolation period of 16 to 23 days would be required to detect 95% of people with a potential infection. The 95th centile of the serial interval was between 23 and 41 days, suggesting long infectious periods.
Study protocol for a multicentre comparative diagnostic accuracy study of tools to establish the presence and severity of peripheral arterial disease in people with diabetes mellitus: the DM PAD study
Authors: Normahani Pasha , Burgess Laura , Norrie John , Epstein David Mark , Kandiyil Neghal , Saratzis Athanasios , Smith Sasha , Khunti Kamlesh , Edmonds M , Ahluwalia Raju , Coward Trusha , Hartshorne Tim , Ashwell Simon , Shalhoub Joseph , Pigott Elizabeth , Davies Alun H , Jaffer Usman 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionPeripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a key risk factor for cardiovascular disease, foot ulceration and lower limb amputation in people with diabetes. Early diagnosis of PAD can enable optimisation of therapies to manage these risks. Its diagnosis is fundamental, though challenging in the context of diabetes. Although a variety of diagnostic bedside tests are available, there is no agreement as to which is the most accurate in routine clinical practice.The aim of this study is to determine the diagnostic performance of a variety of tests (audible waveform assessment, visual waveform assessment, ankle brachial pressure index (ABPI), exercise ABPI and toe brachial pressure index (TBPI)) for the diagnosis of PAD in people with diabetes as determined by a reference test (CT angiography (CTA) or magnetic resonance angiography (MRA)). In selected centres, we also aim to evaluate the performance of a new point-of-care duplex ultrasound scan (PAD-scan).Methods and analysisA prospective multicentre diagnostic accuracy study (ClinicalTrials.gov IdentifierNCT05009602). We aim to recruit 730 people with diabetes from 18 centres across the UK, covering primary and secondary healthcare. Consenting participants will undergo the tests under investigation. Reference tests (CTA or MRA) will be performed within 6 weeks of the index tests. Imaging will be reported by blinded consultant radiologists at a core imaging lab, using a validated scoring system, which will also be used to categorise PAD severity. The presence of one or more arterial lesions of ≥50% stenosis, or tandem lesions with a combined value of ≥50%, will be used as the threshold for the diagnosis of PAD. The primary outcome measure of diagnostic performance will be test sensitivity.Ethics and disseminationThe study has received approval from the National Research Ethics Service (NRES) (REC reference 21/PR/1221). Results will be disseminated through research presentations and papers.Trial registration numberNCT05009602.
Reconstructing the East Palaeo-Tethyan assemblage boundary in west Indonesia: constraints from Triassic granitoids in the Bangka and Belitung islands
Authors: Zhang Yuzhi , Yu Xiaoqing , Wang Yuejun , Qian Xin , Gan Chengshi , Ghani Azman A. , Yu Yongqi , Xu Chang 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

The geodynamic evolution of the Palaeo-Tethyan Ocean is key to understanding the development of Pangaea. The main continents of SE Asia were welded together in response to the closure of the Palaeo-Tethyan Ocean. However, the precise location of the sutures and timing of the collisions are poorly constrained, especially the southward continuation from Peninsular Malaysia into west Indonesia. This study presents new zircon U–Pb geochronological, petrological, elemental and Sr–Nd–Pb–Hf–O isotopic data in order to investigate the origin and tectonic setting of the granitoids from the Bangka and Belitung islands, west Indonesia. Although possessing different mineral compositions, the two groups of samples yield similar crystallization ages of
c.
230–220 Ma and enriched Nd–Hf isotopic compositions (whole-rock ε
Nd
(
t
) = −9.6 to −2.4 and zircon ε
Hf
(
t
) = −12.1 to −0.1), and probably originated from melting of a mixed source of metagreywacke and metapelite with a subordinate meta-igneous component. Both granitic groups formed during post-collisional processes, and when this interpretation is combined with regional investigations on the granitic magmatism, the Bangka–Belitung granitoids may represent the southward continuation of the Main Range granitoids. If correct, the distribution of granitoids with distinct petrogenesis across both islands implies a location for the Palaeo-Tethyan suture zone between Bangka–Belitung and West Kalimantan.
Endogenous SOD2 (Superoxide Dismutase) Regulates Platelet-Dependent Thrombin Generation and Thrombosis During Aging
Authors: Sonkar Vijay K. , Eustes Alicia S. , Ahmed Azaj , Jensen Melissa , Solanki Mitali V. , Swamy Jagadish , Kumar Rahul , Fidler Trevor P. , Houtman Jon C.D. , Allen Bryan G. , Spitz Douglas R. , Abel E. Dale , Dayal Sanjana 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to platelet hyperactivation during aging. Several oxidative pathways and antioxidant enzymes have been implicated; however, their mechanistic contributions during aging remain elusive. We hypothesized that mitochondria are an important source of platelet ROS and that mitochondrial SOD2 (superoxide dismutase) protects against mitochondrial ROS-driven platelet activation and thrombosis during aging.

Methods:

We studied littermates of platelet-specific SOD2-knockout (SOD2
fl/fl
Pf4Cre, pSOD2-KO) and control (SOD2
fl/fl
) mice at young (4–5 months) or old (18–20 months) ages. We examined agonist-induced platelet activation, platelet-dependent thrombin generation potential, and susceptibility to in vivo thrombosis.

Results:

Platelet α
II
b
β3 activation, aggregation, and adhesion were increased to similar extents in aged mice of both genotypes compared with young mice. In contrast, the age-dependent increases in mitochondrial and total cellular ROS, calcium elevation, and phosphatidylserine exposure were augmented in platelets from pSOD2-KO mice compared with control mice. Aged pSOD2-KO mice showed increased platelet-dependent thrombin generation compared with aged control mice. In vivo, aged pSOD2-KO mice exhibited enhanced susceptibility to carotid artery and pulmonary thrombosis compared to aged control mice. Adoptive transfer of platelets from aged pSOD2-KO but not aged control mice increased thrombotic susceptibility in aged host mice, suggesting a prothrombotic effect of platelet pSOD2 deficiency. Treatment with avasopasem manganese (GC4419), a SOD mimetic, decreased platelet mitochondrial pro-oxidants, cellular ROS levels, and inhibited procoagulant platelet formation and arterial thrombosis in aged mice.

Conclusions:
Platelet mitochondrial ROS contributes to age-related thrombosis and endogenous SOD2 protects from platelet-dependent thrombin generation and thrombosis during aging.
Is There a Duty to Read the News?
Authors: Berg Amy 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
It seems as though we have a duty to read the news – that we’re doing something wrong when we refuse to pay attention to what’s going on in the world. But why? I argue that some plausible justifications for a duty to read the news fail to fully explain this duty: it cannot be justified only by reference to its consequences, or as a duty of democratic citizenship, or as a self-regarding duty. It can, however, be justified on the grounds that we have a positive, imperfect duty of respect for strangers, even when our actions don’t affect them directly. Reading the news is a key way, sometimes the only way, that we can respect those who are strangers to us. I close by considering some of the implications and limitations of this duty.
Making Sense of Normalization
Authors: Petrulevich Alexandra 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This article examines current practices of normalization of names in Norse philology and computational linguistics that to a large extent build on deductive reasoning and external authoritative sources such as grammars, dictionaries and gazetteers. Instead, a survey of manuscript evidence and quantification of name forms at several levels of abstraction is proposed as an alternative inductive principle of normalization. A case study of name-form distributions in a dataset of 6,633 spatial attestations in East Norse literature from the Norse World resource serves as a point of departure for a discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of the approach. The comparison between attestations linked to the five most frequent place-names in Old Swedish and Old Danish shows the existence of typical spellings. However, there are still examples of norm negotiations and competitive distributions. Thus, the first inductive step of normalization can be complemented by further processing based on correspondences between phonology and spelling. Finally, stratified normalization of place-names pioneered by Norse World is seen as more versatile compared to traditional methods; the approach has a potential to facilitate both more nuanced philological and linguistic research as well as the further development of named-entity recognition tools.
Frühmittelhochdeutsche stabreimende Wortpaare im Pilatus
Authors: Jeep John M. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
New insights into the composition date of the Early Middle High German “Pilatus” suggest that the phraseology of the work should now be reassessed in the context of the literature of Early Middle High German. A first-time complete catalogue of the alliterating word-pairs in “Pilatus” is presented with a discussion of each pair in its context and with respect to its history.