bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intellectual property rights and the metaverse: An Indian perspective
Authors: Vig Shinu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn the age of the fourth industrial revolution, the metaverse is creating new waves in the world of internet technology and is promising to provide even better and more immersive ways to interact with other people. Metaverse will further lead to the intertwining of the physical and virtual lives. It will create a virtual environment that allows users to interact in virtual spaces and allow the selling and purchasing of virtual goods. These transformations will pose new challenges and risks for the users, players, and owners of the metaverse platforms. This would require the regulators and policymakers to look closely at the issues such as intellectual property rights (IPRs). The main objective of this study is to research the opportunities and challenges that the metaverse will present for IPRs and to examine the IPRs issues related to the metaverse in the Indian context.
Meeting the Language Needs of Emergent Multilingual Students at Risk for Learning Disabilities through Multitiered Systems of Support
Authors: Artzi Lauren , Hsin Lisa B. , Sanford Amanda K. , Brown Julie Esparza , Guin Swati 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis review and case example describes the key components of elementary reading instruction and intervention within multitiered systems of supports (MTSS) and ways to enhance and scaffold reading instruction and intervention for language as a means of supporting the learning of students who are emergent multilingual (EM) learners. First, we provide an overview of elementary reading comprehension skills and describe culturally, linguistically, and ecologically situated learning principles and overview the essential elements of MTSS rooted in these principles. Next, we present research‐based practices that enhance reading instruction and intervention among elementary EM students. We then illustrate the PLUSS framework to highlight how educators can implement these practices across MTSS. Finally, we present considerations for reading instruction and intervention and provide resources that may be useful to educators and policymakers with respect to MTSS.
Spatial attentional biases toward height‐related words in young males with physical stature dissatisfaction
Authors: Chen Tingji , Li Yishuang , Feng Chengzhi , Feng Wenfeng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBy recording event‐related potentials (ERPs) during a dot‐probe task, the present study examined the neural dynamics of attentional bias toward height‐related words among height dissatisfied males. Sixty male participants screened by Negative Physical Self Scale‐Stature Concerns subscale (NPS‐S) were assigned into a high height dissatisfaction (HHD) group and a low height dissatisfaction (LHD) group. The results showed that tall‐related versus neutral words elicited larger N2pc for both HHD and LHD groups, whereas short‐related versus neutral words elicited larger N2pc only for the HHD group. Additionally, an evident Pd was elicited by tall‐related words for the HHD group, but not for the LHD group. Taken together, these findings revealed attentional biases toward height‐related information for HHD individuals on a neural level. Specifically, HHD individuals showed an enhanced spatial attention oriented toward both tall‐related and short‐related words, and then, the allocated attention to the tall‐related words was terminated by an active suppression mechanism.
Threat‐induced alterations in cognition and associations with dysregulated behavior
Authors: McDonald Julia B. , Verona Edelyn 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPrevious literature suggests that threat disrupts cognitive control, especially for those prone to engaging in dysregulated behaviors (i.e., maladaptive attempts at regulating stress). However, this relationship is not well understood and has yet to be directly examined. The current study extends previous literature by examining the link between individual differences in dysregulation and threat‐related alterations in neurocognitive and behavioral indicators of cognitive control. Using a diverse community sample (N = 143), we recorded participants' brain activity during a flanker task under conditions of predictable, unpredictable, and no threat‐of‐shock. Findings revealed a nuanced relationship, whereby predictable threat, relative to unpredictable threat, was associated with larger N2 to flankers, perhaps at the expense of a reduced later P3. We also found a relationship between proneness toward dysregulated behaviors and threat‐induced alterations of cognitive control, with those higher in dysregulation showing reduced conflict P3 differentiation and accuracy interference during threat vs. no threat conditions. This research expands what is known about how threat can modulate cognition in everyday life and linked it to dysregulated behaviors with high societal burden.
Crop diversification, impulsivity, and resilience in Ethiopia
Authors: Oh Hyunjyung , Quinlan Robert , Yoder Jonathan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA person's characteristics, self‐perception, and subjective assessment of their environment affect economic decisions and outcomes. This paper explores how crop diversification and crop choice among subsistence farmers in Ethiopia are related to self‐perceptions of impulsivity and resilience to crisis. Our examination is based on statistical regression methods applied to a sample of 315 households in the Sidama Region who rely on crops and livestock for a substantial proportion of their real income, and many of whom reported significant crises in the form of crop or livestock loss and health problems or death in the family. Despite widespread recognition of the benefits of crop diversification as a risk management strategy, our results suggest that monoculture tends to be more strongly associated with self‐reported resilience. Moreover, our findings suggest that the interaction of household head's impulsivity and monoculture cropping positively affects self‐perceived resilience when they cultivate high‐risk, high‐return crops.
Attentional capture by angry faces in girls who self‐injure: Evidence from steady state visual evoked potentials
Authors: James Kiera M. , Miskovic Vladimir , Woody Mary L. , Owens Max , Connolly Evan , Gibb Brandon E. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundNon‐suicidal self‐injury (NSSI) is a significant public health concern, not only because of the personal and social cost of the behavior itself, but also because it increases risk for future self‐injurious behaviors, including suicide attempts. NSSI is increasingly prevalent during adolescence, which highlights the need for research aimed at identifying modifiable risk factors that can be targeted to reduce future risk. Building from theoretical models that highlight interpersonal processes, this study examined whether adolescents with an NSSI history exhibit greater difficulty inhibiting attention to emotionally salient interpersonal stimuli (face), indexed via steady state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs), which provide a direct neural index of the ability to inhibit attention to task‐irrelevant stimuli.MethodsAdolescent girls aged 13–17 with (n = 26) and without (n = 28) an NSSI history completed a change‐detection computer task during which frequency‐tagged SSVEPs were used to assess adolescents' ability to inhibit attention to affectively salient stimuli from spatially superimposed targets.ResultsCompared with adolescents with no NSSI history, adolescents with NSSI demonstrated difficulty inhibiting attention to angry adult faces.ConclusionsThese findings underscore specific deficits in attentional filtering among girls with an NSSI history, which, if replicated and extended, could be a promising intervention target for reducing risk for future NSSI.
A low‐cost, sensitive and specific PCR‐based tool for rapid clinical detection of HLA‐B*35 alleles associated with delayed drug hypersensitivity reactions
Authors: Li Yueran , Deshpande Pooja , Chopra Abha , Choo Linda , Gibson Andrew , Phillips Elizabeth J. 
Published: August 2022

HLA (HLA) alleles are risk factors for CD8+ T‐cell‐mediated drug hypersensitivity reactions. However, as most HLA associations are incompletely predictive and/or involve risk alleles at low frequency, costly sequence‐based typing can elude an economically productive cost: benefit ratio for clinical validation studies and diagnostic and/or preventative screening. Hence rapid and low‐cost detection assays are now required, both for single alleles but also across risk loci associated with broader multi‐disease risk; exemplified by associations with diverse alleles in HLA‐B*35, including HLA‐B*35:01 and green tea‐ or co‐trimoxazole‐induced liver injury. Here, we developed a cost‐effective (<$10USD) qPCR assay for rapid (<2.5 h) clinical detection of HLA‐B*35 alleles. The assay was validated using 430 DNA samples with previous American society for histocompatibility and immunogenetics‐accredited sequence‐based high‐resolution HLA typing, positively detecting all HLA‐B*35 allelic variants in our cohort, and as expected by primer design, the six samples that expressed low‐frequency B*78:01. The assay did not result in positive detection for any negative control allele. With expected detection of B*35 and B*78, our assay sensitivity (95% CI, 95.07%–100.00%) and specificity (95% CI, 98.97%–100.00%) of 100% using as low as 10 ng of DNA provides a reliable HLA‐B*35 screening tool for clinical validation and HLA–risk‐based prevention and diagnostics.
Modelling the cost‐effectiveness of pulse oximetry in primary care management of acute respiratory infection in rural northern Thailand
Authors: Chew Rusheng , Greer Rachel C. , Tasak Nidanuch , Day Nicholas P. J. , Lubell Yoel 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesWe aimed to determine the cost‐effectiveness of supplementing standard care with pulse oximetry among children <5 years with acute respiratory infection (ARI) presenting to 32 primary care units in a rural district (total population 241,436) of Chiang Rai province, Thailand, and to assess the economic effects of extending pulse oximetry to older patients with ARI in this setting.MethodsWe performed a model‐based cost‐effectiveness analysis from a health systems perspective. Decision trees were constructed for three patient categories (children <5 years, children 5–14 years, and adults), with a 1‐year time horizon. Model parameters were based on data from 49,958 patients included in a review of acute infection management in the 32 primary care units, published studies, and procurement price lists. Parameters were varied in deterministic sensitivity analyses. Costs were expressed in 2021 US dollars with a willingness‐to‐pay threshold per DALY averted of $8624.ResultsThe annual direct cost of pulse oximetry, associated staff, training, and monitoring was $24,243. It reduced deaths from severe lower respiratory tract infections in children <5 years by 0.19 per 100,000 patients annually. In our population of 14,075 children <5 years, this was equivalent to 2.0 DALYs averted per year. When downstream costs such as those related to hospitalisation and inappropriate antibiotic prescription were considered, pulse oximetry dominated standard care, saving $12,757 annually. This intervention yielded smaller mortality gains in older patients but resulted in further cost savings, primarily by reducing inappropriate antibiotic prescriptions in these age groups. The dominance of the intervention was also demonstrated in all sensitivity analyses.ConclusionsPulse oximetry is a life‐saving, cost‐effective adjunct in ARI primary care management in rural northern Thailand. This finding is likely to be generalisable to neighbouring countries with similar disease epidemiology and health systems.
Applicability of ARFI elastography in detecting elasticity changes of the equine superficial digital flexor tendon with induced injury
Authors: Bernardi Nara Saraiva , da Cruz Igor Cezar Kniphoff , Maronezi Marjury Cristina , Santos Maíra Moreira , Lera Katiucha Rebeca Jennifer Lopes , Gasser Beatriz , Aires Luiz Paulo Nogueira , de Lacerda Neto José Corrêa , Canola Paulo Aléscio , Pozzobon Ricardo , Uscategui Ricardo Andrés Ramirez , Feliciano Marcus Antônio Rossi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe objectives of this prospective, experimental study were to describe changes in the stiffness of the equine superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) after induced injury, deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT), accessory ligament (AL‐DDFT), and suspensory ligament (SL) during 90 days of healing using acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) elastography. Eight healthy horses were selected. Preinjury B mode and ARFI evaluations were performed bilaterally in the palmar metacarpal region. Injury was induced only on the left forelimb (G2) by a single injection of collagenase in SDFT, 15 cm distal to the accessory carpal bone. The right forelimb was used as a control (G1). Evaluations were performed at eight timepoints: one before injury (T0) and seven (T1‐T7) after injury (3, 15, 30, 40, 60, 75, and 90 days post‐induction). Tendinopathies were visualized as hypoechoic areas with loss of parallel tendon fiber pattern. Injured SDFTs presented mainly cool colors (soft) from T1 to T3, and from T4, there was an increase in warm colors (hard), close to the appearance of tendons of G1. In the first four timepoints, there was a decrease in stiffness compared to G1 (P< 0.001). On T1 and T2, a cutoff value <6.21 m/s to determine tendinopathy of the SDFT was established (75.8% sensitivity and 92.03% specificity). Stiffness changes in the DDFT, AL‐DDFT, and SL of injured limbs occurred at different timepoints. Tendinopathy significantly altered the stiffness of the injured tendon and the adjacent tissues. ARFI made it possible to detect these changes, helping to monitor the reparation of this injury.
A Systematic Review of the Outcomes of Flexor Tenolysis in Zones 2–5
Authors: VAN CARLEN Martin , PLONCZAK Agata , VAN Jonathan , MISHRA Anuj , BREAHNA Anca N. 
Published: August 2022

Background: Although numerous surgical techniques have been described and deployed, flexor tenolysis remains one of the most challenging procedures in hand surgery and there is no standardised way of recording the outcomes. The aim of this study is to systematically review the evidence supporting current concepts and outcomes in flexor tenolysis. Methods: The systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Medline and EMBASE databases were searched for articles published in English using the keyword search terms ‘flexor’ or ‘tendon’ and ‘tenolysis’ or ‘tenoarthrolysis’. A total of 555 articles were listed and further screening provided fourteen studies remaining for final inclusion. The parameters for data extraction included number of digits operated on, age of the patients, initial injury mechanism requiring flexor tenolysis, outcome assessment method, follow-up period, results and complications. The primary outcome was postoperative active range of motion. Results: 556 digits were included across all studies and the age of patients ranged between 1 and 75 years. Eleven out of fourteen of the articles used the Strickland criteria to report their outcomes. Other outcome measures used were total active motion (TAM), Buck-Gramcko and pulp-to-palm distance. In the studies which used the Strickland criteria, the average percentage of outcomes reported as ‘good’ or ‘excellent’ was 68% with a range between 45% and 91%. Three other studies used Buck-Gramcko, TAM and pulp-to-palm distance outcome reporting and achieved 72% ‘good’ or ‘excellent’, 84% improvement and 30% able to touch distal palm crease respectively. Conclusions: Although the literature contains a limited number of observational studies, the current evidence shows that 68% of well-selected patients who undergo flexor tenolysis achieve a good or excellent outcome as measured by the Strickland criteria. Level of Evidence: Level III (Therapeutic)
Arc Centre Distance Change after Treatment of Complex Transverse Olecranon Fractures with a Large Impacted Articular Fragment Treated with Tension Band Wiring and Bone Graft
Authors: KIM Min B. , LEE Seung H. , LEE Jeong H. , YANG Hanbual 
Published: August 2022

Background: The treatment of complex transverse olecranon fractures (CTOFs), also known as olecranon fractures with the impacted articular fragments (IAF), was reported recently. We fix IAFs with absorbable pins supported by autologous bone graft followed by olecranon fracture fixation. We have used the arc centre distance (ACD) method to evaluate the congruency of this concentric hinge joint. The aim of this study is to present the outcomes of this fixation technique and evaluate the value of the ACD method. Methods: We reviewed 26 cases of CTOF treated at our hospital from 2014 to 2020. The functional outcome and range of motion of the elbow joint was measured by MEPS (Mayo Elbow Performance Score). We measured the ACD of each fragment of the ulnotrochlear joint [coronoid process (CP), IAF and olecranon process (OP)] with the CT image taken at 15 months postoperatively on average. Results: The mean arc of elbow motion was 3º to 132º. The mean MEPS at 1 year postoperatively was 94, and 25 of 26 cases (96%) achieved a good or excellent outcome. Twelve patients, who took the elbow CT at least more than 3 months post-operatively, were included for ACD measurement. The postoperative joint incongruency of each fragment was as follows, 0.39 ± 0.70, 0.40 ± 0.69 and 0.29 ± 0.72 mm (CP, IAF and OP, respectively) according to the ACD method. The ACD value for each fragment was significantly different before and after the surgery (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Accurate reduction of IAF with absorbable pins completed by tension band wiring with autogenous bone grafting can be an effective technique for CTOF with a large IAF. The restoration of the joint improved ACD. Level of Evidence: Level IV (Therapeutic)
Restoration of Hand Function in Isolated Lower Brachial Plexus Injury with Brachioradialis to Flexor Pollicis Longus and Biceps to Flexor Digitorum Profundus Transfer
Authors: KUMMARI Vimal Kumar , BHARDWAJ Praveen , VARADHARAJAN Vigneswaran , MADHUSUDHAN Nallatparambil Chandra , VENKATRAMANI Hari , RAJA SABAPATHY S. 
Published: August 2022

Background: Isolated lower (C8T1) brachial plexus injury (BPI) is uncommon and the aim of treatment is to achieve a satisfactory grasp enabling the use of the hand for daily activities. The aim of this study is to report the outcomes of the transfer of brachioradialis (BR) to flexor pollicis longus (FPL) and biceps to the flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) for an isolated lower BPI. Methods: This is a retrospective study of all patients with an isolated lower BPI who underwent a BR to FPL and biceps to FDP transfer for restoration of digital flexion over a 1-year period from May 2019 to June 2020. Patient demographic and injury data were collected at the presentation. Outcomes data included the ability to grasp and perform activities of daily living and DASH score. Results: The study included three patients (all men) with an average age of 30.3 years. All sustained an isolated lower BPI following a road traffic accident and tendon transfers were performed at a mean of 9.3 months after the initial injury. At a mean of 1-year follow-up, all three recovered grade M4 motor power of digital flexion, achieved good grasp function with pulp-to-palm distance of <1 cm. All are able to use the hand for independent as well as bimanual activities. The individual DASH scores were 36, 30 and 30. Conclusions: BR to FPL for thumb flexion and biceps to FDP using fascia lata graft to restore finger flexion is simple and effective surgeries in patients with isolated lower BPI. Level of Evidence: Level V (Therapeutic)
Risk Factors for Infection Following Operative Treatment of Traumatic Upper Extremity Amputation Injury
Authors: SAITO Taichi , UEHARA Takenori , NAKAHARA Ryuichi , SHIMAMURA Yasunori , NAKAO Atsunori , OZAKI Toshifumi 
Published: August 2022

Background: Identification of the risk factors for surgical site infection (SSI) can be a straightforward and cost-effective measure to reduce or prevent the occurrence of SSI. However, there are no studies that revealed risk factors for SSI for traumatic upper extremity amputation. The aim of this study is to investigate the risk factors that promote SSI after surgery for traumatic upper extremity amputation using a large nationwide database. Methods: We used data from the Japan Trauma Data Bank. Diagnoses were defined using the Abbreviated Injury Scale code. We applied multivariate logistic regression to evaluate the infection risk factor. We chose age, sex, vital signs, cause and type of trauma, concomitant injury, diabetes, amputation level, Glasgow coma scale, Injury Severity Score (ISS) and blood transfusion within 24 hours following hospital arrival as confounders. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was adopted to identify thresholds for change in infection risk. We also applied propensity score (PS) matching to adjust for confounding factors that may affect the outcome. Results: A total of 1,150 patients (967 males, 183 females) had traumatic upper extremity amputation. The mean patient age was 46.5 years. A total of 21 patients (1.8%) suffered from SSI. ISS, blood transfusion, systolic blood pressure (BP) and the upper extremity amputation except for finger were identified as the independent significant risk factors for SSI occurrence by the multivariate analysis (p < 0.05, p < 0.005, p < 0.05 and p < 0.005, respectively). ROC modelling revealed that patients with ISS of over 9 or systolic BP of over 160 had a risk for SSI. After PS matching, the patients with blood transfusion or systolic BP of over 160 had a significantly higher risk of infection (OR 9.0; p = 0.01 and OR 7.0; p = 0.03, respectively). Conclusions: In treating patients with these risk factors, we must be especially careful in performing thorough debridement and wound care. Level of Evidence: Level II (Therapeutic)
Diagnostic Challenges of Metacarpal Tuberculosis in Paediatrics: A Case Report
Authors: LEE Jansen , PURNOMO Glen , KURNIASIH Arie 
Published: August 2022

Metacarpal tuberculosis is rare even in endemic areas. This is a report of a 12-year-old girl with gradual, painless swelling of the dorsal aspect of the right hand over a 2-year period. She developed a discharging sinus over the mass after a traumatic incident. The radiographs showed a well-defined, expansile osteolytic lesion. Blood test, fine needle aspiration biopsy and smears were not diagnostic. A second histologic examination with phenotypic test was required for diagnosis and to begin appropriate chemotherapy. Establishing the diagnosis was not straightforward, even though we suspected tuberculosis. Level of Evidence: Level V (Therapeutic)
Recurrent Trigger Finger Caused by Herniation of Flexor Digitorum Profundus through the Chiasma – A Case Report
Authors: TOLERTON Sarah K. , SIVAKUMAR Brahman S. , LAWSON Richard D. 
Published: August 2022

Trigger digit is a common condition which is largely idiopathic in etiology. Less frequently, it has been described secondary to anatomical variations or space occupying lesions. We describe a patient who developed a recurrent trigger finger after a surgical release of the first annular pulley. Intraoperatively, the trigger was noted to be caused by herniation of the flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) tendon into a noose formed by the two slips of the flexor digitorum superficialis tendon (FDS) and the proximal edge of the second annular pulley. Level of Evidence: Level V (Therapeutic)