bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic review and meta‐analysis of robotic resections for diverticular disease
Authors: Larkins Kirsten , Mohan Helen , Apte Sameer S. , Chen Vicky , Rajkomar Amrish , Larach José Tomás , Smart Philip , Heriot Alexander , Warrier Satish 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimResection of diverticular disease can be technically challenging. Tissue planes can be difficult to identify intraoperatively due to inflammation or fibrosis. Robotic surgery may improve identification of tissue planes and dissection which can facilitate difficult minimally invasive resections. This systematic review and meta‐analysis evaluates the role of robotic surgery compared to laparoscopic surgery in diverticular resection.MethodsA systematic review and meta‐analysis was performed in accordance with the PRISMA statement. The search was completed using PubMed, OVID MEDLINE and EMBASE. A total of 490 articles were retrieved, and studies reporting primary outcomes for robotic diverticular resection were included in the final analysis. A meta‐analysis of studies comparing robotic and laparoscopic surgery was performed on rate of conversion to open surgery and complications.ResultsFifteen articles (8 cohort studies and 7 case series) reporting 3711 robotic diverticular resections were analysed. In comparison to laparoscopic, robotic surgery for diverticular disease was associated with a reduced conversion to open and a longer operating time. Meta‐analysis showed robotic resection was associated with a lower conversion rate compared to laparoscopic surgery (OR: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.49–0.66, p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in grade III and above complications (OR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.49–1.13, p = 0.17). Operating time was longer with a robotic approach (Hedge's G: 0.43; 95% CI: 0.04–0.81, p = 0.03).ConclusionRobotic resection is a feasible and safe option in diverticular disease. Although associated with a longer operating time, robotic surgery may render diverticular disease resectable with a minimally invasive approach that would have otherwise necessitated a laparotomy. Randomised controlled data is required to better define the role of robotic surgery for diverticular disease resections.
Diverging effects of geographic distance and local habitat quality on the genetic characteristics of three butterfly species
Authors: Lebigre Christophe , Turlure Camille , Vandewalle Hélène , Binard Fabian , Habel Jan Christian , Schtickzelle Nicolas 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The genetic characteristics of neutral loci in natural populations are shaped by the interplay between genetic drift and gene flow that themselves result from key ecological and evolutionary processes.
Because of their influence on population size, habitats characteristics may influence substantially populations' genetic characteristics. However, past studies focused primarily on variables related to habitat quantity while habitat quality was largely overlooked.
We therefore combined genetic data to detailed habitat descriptions of three sympatric butterfly species having different ecological needs to quantify the relative contribution of geographic distance and habitat quality/quantity on their genetic characteristics.
In all species, the genetic diversity was greater in larger and good quality patches. The genetic differentiation of Lycaena helle (specialist species with limited dispersal) was mostly explained by geographical distances. This effect was dampened by habitat quality as populations inhabiting low quality patches had higher genetic differentiations indicating that the constraints set by local environmental factors increased genetic drift. In Boloria eunomia (specialist species with greater dispersal), the genetic differentiation was only influenced by geographic distance. Finally, in Brenthis ino (more generalist species with greater dispersal), isolation‐by‐distance was weak and habitat characteristics were unrelated to genetic differentiation.
The different effect of habitat quality on these species' genetic characteristics suggests that fundamental ecological traits underpin their response to habitat degradation. In L. helle, a species with major conservation concerns, these results show that preserving habitat quality and connectivity among populations' are important to ensure the maintenance of fully functional metapopulations.
Invader at the edge — Genomic origins and physiological differences of round gobies across a steep urban salinity gradient
Authors: Green Leon , Faust Ellika , Hinchcliffe James , Brijs Jeroen , Holmes Andrew , Englund Örn Felix , Svensson Ola , Roques Jonathan A. C. , Leder Erica H. , Sandblom Erik , Kvarnemo Charlotta 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSpecies invasions are a global problem of increasing concern, especially in highly connected aquatic environments. Despite this, salinity conditions can pose physiological barriers to their spread, and understanding them is important for management. In Scandinavia's largest cargo port, the invasive round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) is established across a steep salinity gradient. We used 12,937 SNPs to identify the genetic origin and diversity of three sites along the salinity gradient and round goby from western, central and northern Baltic Sea, as well as north European rivers. Fish from two sites from the extreme ends of the gradient were also acclimated to freshwater and seawater, and tested for respiratory and osmoregulatory physiology. Fish from the high‐salinity environment in the outer port showed higher genetic diversity, and closer relatedness to the other regions, compared to fish from lower salinity upstream the river. Fish from the high‐salinity site also had higher maximum metabolic rate, fewer blood cells and lower blood Ca2+. Despite these genotypic and phenotypic differences, salinity acclimation affected fish from both sites in the same way: seawater increased the blood osmolality and Na+ levels, and freshwater increased the levels of the stress hormone cortisol. Our results show genotypic and phenotypic differences over short spatial scales across this steep salinity gradient. These patterns of the physiologically robust round goby are likely driven by multiple introductions into the high‐salinity site, and a process of sorting, likely based on behaviour or selection, along the gradient. This euryhaline fish risks spreading from this area, and seascape genomics and phenotypic characterization can inform management strategies even within an area as small as a coastal harbour inlet.
Effects of land use and yak grazing on behavior and body mass of plateau pika in Tibetan plateau rangelands
Authors: Wangdwei Migmar , Foggin J. Marc 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe body mass of small mammals is widely regarded as an indicator of habitat quality, with trade‐offs between anti‐predator and energy‐building behaviors noted across many species and habitat conditions as suggested by optimal foraging theory. In this study, however, grazing by domestic yak was noted to mediate this effect, affecting both the body mass and behaviors of plateau pika, Ochotona curzoniae, which deviated from expected ecological patterns. Specifically, we compared conditions of plateau pika at 16 trap sites across a range of habitats on the Tibetan plateau, each characterized by herders according to their seasonal use as winter, spring, or summer pastures, and to their vegetative conditions. Plateau pika body mass at herders' tent sites where female and young domestic yak sleep was about 6% higher than at yak foraging sites and 10% higher than fenced areas (where yak are excluded) despite the additional disturbance encountered at tent sites. Mean body mass of plateau pika also decreased with increasing slope, and adult body mass was lower in spring compared to winter and summer seasons. Furthermore, more pika burrows were found near herders' tent sites, with burrows exhibiting significantly lower vegetation cover. Pika foraging behavior was most frequent in yak bedding areas (near herders' tent sites), and pika vigilant behavior at yak foraging areas. Recalling that foraging and vigilant (predator avoidance) behaviors constitute energy trade‐offs, we speculate that these unexpected findings may result from the combined effects of soil erosion (due to surface disturbances) and fertilization (with yak dung) at yak resting sites, which could enable higher population densities and body masses of plateau pika despite lower vegetation cover at the tent sites – most likely due to critical behavioral adaptations, ecological dynamics such as predator‐prey relations and other multi‐dimensional and nonlinear reasons.
Estimation of fluid status using three multifrequency bioimpedance methods in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Wang Lin‐Chun , Raimann Jochen G. , Tao Xia , Preciado Priscila , Thwin Ohnmar , Rosales Laura , Thijssen Stephan , Kotanko Peter , Zhu Fansan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionSegmental eight‐point bioimpedance has been increasingly used in practice. However, whether changes in bioimpedance analysis components before and after hemodialysis (HD) using this technique in a standing position is comparable to traditional whole‐body wrist‐to‐ankle method is still unclear. We aimed to investigate the differences between two eight‐point devices (InBody 770 and Seca mBCA 514) and one wrist‐to‐ankle (Hydra 4200) in HD patients and healthy subjects in a standing position.MethodsThirteen HD patients were studied pre‐ and post‐HD, and 12 healthy subjects once. Four measurements were performed in the following order: InBody; Seca; Hydra; and InBody again. Electrical equivalent models by each bioimpedance method and the fluid volume estimates by each device were also compared.FindingsOverall, total body water (TBW) was not different between the three devices, but InBody showed lower extracellular water (ECW) and higher intracellular water (ICW) compared to the other two devices. When intradialytic weight loss was used as a surrogate for changes in ECW (∆ECW) and changes in TBW (∆TBW), ∆ECW was underestimated by Hydra (−0.79 ± 0.89 L,p < 0.01), InBody (−1.44 ± 0.65 L,p < 0.0001), and Seca (−0.32 ± 1.34, n.s.). ∆TBW was underestimated by Hydra (−1.14 ± 2.81 L, n.s.) and InBody (−0.52 ± 0.85 L,p < 0.05) but overestimated by Seca (+0.93 ± 3.55 L, n.s.).DiscussionAlthough segmental eight‐point bioimpedance techniques provided comparable TBW measurements not affected by standing over a period of 10–15 min, the ECW/TBW ratio appeared to be significantly lower in InBody compared with Seca and Hydra. Results from our study showed lack of agreement between different bioimpedance devices; direct comparison of ECW, ICW, and ECW/TBW between different devices should be avoided and clinicians should use the same device to track the fluid status in their HD population in a longitudinal direction.
Webinar satisfaction factors in the stories of participants
Authors: Radoslaw Czahajda 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to explore the factors that affect participants' webinar satisfaction, with special emphasis on the dissatisfaction factors. The method of empathy‐based stories was chosen for the research due to its potential to eliminate bias from other qualitative methods. The research collected 280 different factors potentially impacting training satisfaction. Some of them had not been raised in subject literature before. In contrast to previous studies, this research concluded that the length of the webinar and finding it interesting might not be critical from the participants' point of view. Moreover, participants of the study valued the depth of content more than breadth. The research also discovered a potentially disregarded important satisfaction factor of webinar description, shaping participants' expectations.
Cardiovascular risk communication strategies in primary prevention. A systematic review with narrative synthesis
Authors: Schulberg Stacey D. , Ferry Amy V. , Jin Kai , Marshall Lucy , Neubeck Lis , Strachan Fiona E. , Mills Nicholas L. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimTo evaluate the effectiveness of cardiovascular risk communication strategies to improve understanding and promote risk factor modification.DesignSystematic review with narrative synthesis.Data sourcesA comprehensive database search for quantitative and qualitative studies was conducted in five databases, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied health Literature (CINAHL), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), EMBASE, Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts (ASSIA) and Web of Science. The searches were conducted between 1980 and July 2019.Review methodsThe systematic review was conducted in accordance with Cochrane review methods. Data were extracted and a narrative synthesis of quantitative and qualitative results was undertaken.ResultsThe abstracts of 16,613 articles were assessed and 210 underwent in‐depth review, with 31 fulfilling the inclusion criteria. We observed significant heterogeneity across study designs and outcomes. Nine communication strategies were identified including numerical formats, graphical formats, qualitative information, infographics, avatars, game interactions, timeframes, genetic risk scores and cardiovascular imaging. Strategies that used cardiovascular imaging had the biggest impact on health behaviour change and risk factor modification. Improvements were seen in diet, exercise, smoking, risk scores, cholesterol and intentions to take preventive medication.ConclusionA wide range of cardiovascular risk communication strategies has been evaluated, with those that employ personalized and visual evidence of current cardiovascular health status more likely to promote action to reduce risk.ImpactFuture risk communication strategies should incorporate methods to provide individuals with evidence of their current cardiovascular health status.
Further description of the Kerguelen sandpaper skate Bathyraja irrasa (Rajiformes: Arhynchobatidae) based on additional specimens, including egg cases and embryos
Authors: White William T. , O'Neill Helen L. , Cleeland Jaimie , Lamb Tim D. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAdult specimens, additional juvenile specimens, egg cases and embryos were used to provide a more detailed anatomical description of the Kerguelen sandpaper skate Bathyraja irrasa, a species of skate endemic to the Kerguelen Plateau and listed as Vulnerable by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. The morphological and meristic data reveal a relatively high level of intraspecific variation, mostly related to size. Egg cases are described for the first time and were shown to vary in colour and fouling depending on the length of time spent in the marine environment. Embryos removed from egg cases represent all stages of embryonic development in this species and include the largest embryo recorded for this species, i.e., 230 mm total length (LT), which increases the range of size at hatching of B. irrasa to 178–230 mm LT. A number of morphometric and meristic characters varied ontogenetically in B. irrasa, in particular relative tail length, number of tail thorns in the median row and the size of orbits. This study highlights the importance of describing intraspecific variation in species and the importance of egg cases to taxonomic and biological research on oviparous species.
Responses of coastal fishery resources to rapid environmental changes
Authors: Peltonen Heikki , Weigel Benjamin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCoastal systems experience strong impacts of ongoing environmental change, affecting fish communities and subsequently fishery yields. In the Baltic Sea, the combined effects of climate‐induced changes and eutrophication‐related pressures constitute major threats to its living resources. Although much work has been devoted to uncovering environmental impacts on the commercially most valuable fish stocks, only little is known about community‐wide responses of fished species and how environmental change may affect their yield. In this study, the authors use a joint species distribution modelling framework to disentangle environmental impacts on species‐specific fishery yields of 16 fished species along the coast of Finland over four decades. The authors show that environmental covariates substantially contributed to variations in fishery yields and are likely to have strong impacts on fished resources also in the future. Salinity and near‐bottom oxygen concentration emerged as the strongest environmental drivers of yields at the community level, whereas temperature was particularly important for cod (Gadus morhua) and sprat (Sprattus sprattus) yields. The authors found shore density to be an important predictor for fisheries resources especially for freshwater fish. The results of this study suggest that the changes in environmental conditions during the past four decades had a positive effect on the yields of freshwater and warm‐affinity species, whereas yields of marine cold‐affinity species have been mainly negatively affected by contracting favourable habitats, becoming warmer and less saline.
Mixed infection of a new begomovirus, Jatropha leaf curl Guntur virus and recombinant/chimeric jatropha leaf curl Gujarat virus in Jatropha gossypiifolia
Authors: Gireeshbai S. , Prabhudas S.K. , Sharma S.K. , Mandal B. , Roy A. , Geetanjali A.S. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The Jatropha gossypiifolia plant showing the severe leaf curl symptoms grown in the borders of chilli fields in Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India was collected. The infection of begomovirus was detected using the degenerate primers followed by rolling circle amplification (RCA). The RCA products digested with KpnI and EcoRI showing the unit length of the begomovirus genome were cloned in pUC19 and sequenced to obtain the complete begomoviral genome. The sequence information of DNA-A of the two clones GuWC10 contained 2794 nt (MZ217773) and an incomplete genome GuWC3 with 2337 nt (MZ217772). The BLAST analysis of GuWC3 and GuWC10 sequence showed 85·57% identity with jatropha leaf curl Gujarat virus (JLCGV) and 82·68% identity with croton yellow vein mosaic virus (CroYVMV), respectively. The sequence analysis also showed that the GuWC10 clone had a 177 bp recombinant/chimeric sequence of JLCGV while the other region containing 2611 bp showed 92·63% identity with papaya leaf curl virus (PaLCuV/PK). However, the global alignment of the GuWC10 sequence showed a maximum of 80·60% identity with croton yellow vein virus (CroYVV) (FN645902), CroYVMV (JN817516) and PaLCuV/PK (KY978407). The second clone GuWC3 although shorter in length had recombinant sequences of JLCGV, jatropha leaf curl virus (JLCuV/ND) and okra enation leaf curl virus (OELCuV). The nucleotide sequence identity among the GuWC10 and GuWC3 was 71·9%. The phylogenetic analysis placed both the viral strains in the same clade located between PaLCuV/PK and JLCuV clades. According to the ICTV species demarcation criteria of 91% DNA-A sequence identity, the present isolate was considered as a new species of begomovirus and the name Jatropha leaf curl Guntur virus was proposed. This is the first report of a new begomovirus species infecting J. gossypiifolia and the study also reports a mixed infection of Jatropha leaf curl Guntur virus with a recombinant/chimeric JLCGV in the host J. gossypiifolia. Present study suggests the role of weed Jatropha in harbouring begomoviruses and probable source for viral recombination.
Anaemia in Indians aged 10–19 years: Prevalence, burden and associated factors at national and regional levels
Authors: Scott Samuel , Lahiri Anwesha , Sethi Vani , de Wagt Arjan , Menon Purnima , Yadav Kapil , Varghese Mini , Joe William , Vir Sheila C. , Nguyen Phuong Hong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAnaemia control programmes in India are hampered by a lack of representative evidence on anaemia prevalence, burden and associated factors for adolescents. The aim of this study was to: (1) describe the national and subnational prevalence, severity and burden of anaemia among Indian adolescents; (2) examine factors associated with anaemia at national and regional levels. Data (n = 14,673 individuals aged 10–19 years) were from India's Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey (CNNS, 2016–2018). CNNS used a multistage, stratified, probability proportion to size cluster sampling design. Prevalence was estimated using globally comparable age‐ and sex‐specific cutoffs, using survey weights for biomarker sample collection. Burden analysis used prevalence estimates and projected population from 2011 Census data. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to analyse factors (diet, micronutrient deficiencies, haemoglobinopathies, sociodemographic factors, environment) associated with anaemia. Anaemia was present in 40% of girls and 18% of boys, equivalent to 72 million adolescents in 2018, and varied by region (girls 29%–46%; boys 11%–28%) and state (girls 7%–62%; boys 4%–32%). Iron deficiency (ferritin < 15 μg/L) was the strongest predictor of anaemia (odds ratio [OR]: 4.68, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [3.21,6.83]), followed by haemoglobinopathies (HbA2 > 3.5% or any HbS) (OR: 2.81, 95% CI: [1.66,4.74]), vitamin A deficiency (serum retinol <20 ng/ml) (OR: 1.86, 95% CI: [1.23,2.80]) and zinc deficiency (serum zinc < 70 μg/L) (OR: 1.32, 95% CI: [1.02,1.72]). Regional models show heterogeneity in the strength of association between factors and anaemia by region. Adolescent anaemia control programmes in India should continue to address iron deficiency, strengthen strategies to identify haemoglobinopathies and other micronutrient deficiencies, and further explore geographic variation in associated factors.
An intersectional participatory action research approach to explore and address class elitism in medical education
Authors: Foreshew Abi , Al‐Jawad Muna 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPurposeWidening participation has increasingly been implemented to address the inaccessibility of medicine as a profession. However, ‘less privileged’ students who do ‘get in’ often struggle to ‘get on’. This participatory action research project (PAR) gives space to medical students, who identify as ‘less privileged’ to express and explore their experiences.MethodsPAR is underused in health profession education and is shown to increase marginalised communities' hope for change within historically oppressive structures. Here, participants and the researcher become partners in the process of developing research agendas and discussing themes raised in analysing marginalising experiences in medical education. Using an intersectional approach, students self‐referred to join comics‐based workshops and 1:1 interviews. Comics were used to elicit data and as a tool to analyse complex and interrelated themes raised. Participants reimagined their experiences into how they wish they had happened to develop ideas and actions for change.ResultsWe present four students' detailed accounts of marginalisation where their lived experience, feelings and ideas give us a source of knowledge to challenge classist, racist and sexist degradation widespread in medical culture. In particular, class elitism negatively impacted three women of working‐class origins. Alongside other critical theorists, Bourdieu's work is used to understand how social class hierarchies are reproduced in medical culture, healthcare and society.ConclusionThis project was an action in and of itself, creating a space to build community for marginalised students who feel ‘peripheral’ to commonly performed medical culture. Further actions were put forward for the medical school to implement as part of the decolonising and diversifying the medical curriculum movement. We also call for class to be put on the equality, diversity and inclusion agenda and for issues of financial insecurity and stress experienced by medical students of working‐class origins to be recognised and further addressed within medical education.