bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Setup accuracy and calculated setup margins for surface guided radiotherapy (SGRT) of target volumes of the head and neck, thorax, abdomen, and pelvis
Authors: Rudat Volker , Shi Yanyan , Zhao Ruping , Xu Shuyin , Yu Wei 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The goal of the study was to evaluate the inter- and intrafractional patient setup accuracy of target volumes located in the head and neck, thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic regions when using AlignRT, by comparing it with that of laser alignment using patient skin marks, and to calculate the corresponding setup margins.A total of 2303 radiotherapy fractions of 183 patients were analyzed. All patients received daily kilovoltage cone-beam computed tomography scans (kV-CBCT) for online verification. Since opening of our radiotherapy department in 2019 until October 2021, the initial patient setup was performed using laser alignment with patient skin marks, and since November 2021 we started using AlignRT. The setup accuracy was measured by the six degrees of freedom (6DOF) corrections based on the kV-CBCT. The corresponding setup margins were calculated using the van Herk formula. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to evaluate the impact of multiple factors on the setup accuracy.The interfractional patient setup accuracy was significantly better using AlignRT compared to laser alignment with skin marks. The mean three-dimensional vector of the translational setup deviation of tumors located in the thorax, abdomen, and pelvis using AlignRT was 3.6 mm (95% confidence interval 3.3 mm to 3.9 mm) and 4.5 mm using laser alignment with skin marks (95% confidence interval 3.9 mm to 5.2 mm; p = 0.001). Calculation of setup margins for the combined inter- and intrafractional setup error revealed similar setup margins using AlignRT and kV-CBCT once a week compared to laser alignment with skin marks and kV-CBCT every other day. Furthermore, comparable setup margins were found for open-face thermoplastic masks with AlignRT compared to closed-face thermoplastic masks with laser alignment and mask marks.Surface guided radiotherapy (SGRT) opens the possibility to reduce the number of CBCTs while maintaining sufficient setup accuracy. The advantage is a reduction of imaging dose and overall treatment time. Open-face thermoplastic masks may be used instead of closed-face thermoplastic masks to increase the patient's comfort.
Making predictions under hypothetical interventions: a case study from the PREDICT-CVD cohort in New Zealand primary care
Authors: Lin Lijing , Poppe Katrina , Wood Angela , Martin Glen , Peek Niels , Sperrin Matthew 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Most existing clinical prediction models do not allow predictions under hypothetical interventions. Such predictions allow predicted risk under different proposed strategies to be compared, which is useful to support clinical decision making. We aimed to compare methodological approaches for predicting individual level cardiovascular risk under three hypothetical interventions: smoking cessation, reducing blood pressure, and reducing cholesterol.
Methods
We used data from the PREDICT prospective cohort study in New Zealand to calculate cardiovascular risk in a primary care setting. We compared three strategies to estimate absolute risk under hypothetical interventions: (a) conditioning on hypothetical interventions in non-causal models; (b) integrating existing prediction models with causal effects estimated using observational causal inference methods; and (c) integrating existing prediction models with causal effects reported in published literature.
Results
The median absolute cardiovascular risk among smokers was 3.9%; our approaches predicted that smoking cessation reduced this to a median between 2.4% and 2.8%, depending on estimation methods. For reducing blood pressure, the proposed approaches estimated a reduction of absolute risk from a median of 4.9% to a median between 3.1–4.5%. Reducing cholesterol was estimated to reduce median absolute risk from 3.1% to between 1.9% and 2.8%.
Conclusions
Estimated absolute risk reductions based on non-causal methods were very different to those based on causal methods, and there was also substantial variation in estimates within the causal methods. Researchers wishing to estimate hypothetical risk should be explicit about their causal modelling assumptions and conduct sensitivity analysis by considering a range of possible approaches.
The complex of miRNA2861 and cell-penetrating, dimeric a-helical peptide accelerates the osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Nam So Hee , Lee Yan , Yang Hee-Jin , Park Sung Bae 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: The restoration of the functional ability of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) using epigenetic modification is very promising for patients with weak osteogenesis ability. This study focused on the acceleration of osteogenesis from MSCs using microRNA(miRNA) 2861 and a cell-penetrating peptide (CPP), cLK.Methods: We performed MSCs penetration test of complex between the LK peptides and miRNA 2861. Three different experiments were performed to investigate the effects of miRNA 2861 on osteogenic differentiation in MSCs: 1) intensity of alizarin red staining, which reflects the status of mineralization by osteoblasts; 2) gene expression related to osteoblast differentiation; and 3) confirmation of corresponding protein translation for comparison with RNA expression levels.Results: We found that cLK effectively delivered miRNA 2861 into the cytoplasm of human MSCs and accelerated osteogenic differentiation from MSCs, as well as mineralization.Conclusion: The complex of miRNA 2861 with LK may have a positive effect on the osteogenic differentiation from MSCs and mineralization. Therapies using miRNAs combined with cLK may be good candidates for the augmentation of osteogenesis in patients.
Vibration characteristics of multi-dimensional isolator based on 4-PUU parallel mechanism with joint clearance
Authors: Gao Xiang , Niu Junchuan , He Lei , Qin Zhen , Wang Zhonglong 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
For isolating multi-dimensional vibration experienced by vehicle-mounted precise facility, a multi-dimensional vibration isolator based on parallel mechanism with joint clearance is designed and analyzed. The main thrust of the work is establishing kinematic and dynamic equations of the isolator, and exploring vibration isolation capability with joint clearance. Firstly, type synthesis of the parallel mechanism with three translations and one rotation is performed. The kinematic and dynamic equations of the isolator with joint clearance are deduced. Subsequently, vibration isolation performance is simulated with different values of joint clearance under harmonic and stochastic excitations in time and frequency domain respectively. The simulating results demonstrate the proposed isolator with joint clearance inhibit multi-dimensional vibration effectively. The first order resonance peak is sensitive to the increment of joint clearance. Finally, the proposed multi-dimensional vibration isolator is fabricated. The vibration isolation experiment is conducted. Through experimental results, the isolator reduces multi-dimensional vibration effectively in time and frequency domain significantly. The vibration isolation capability degenerates as the counterweight of moving platform increasing.
Low voltage in small left atrium in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation: left atrium diameter alone is not always a predictor of atrial fibrosis or ablation prognosis Low voltage in small left atrium in atrial fibrillation
Authors: Li Xiaoqin , Yin Chun , Zhang Yuan , Zhang Hao , Li Xiaoli , Wu Wenli , Ran Boli , Xiang YongJing , Fu Biao 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
BackgroundThe diameter of the left atrium (LA) is a major index of prediction for LA fibrosis and ablation outcome in atrial fibrillation (AF). However, an unenlarged LA may not be associated with good results in some cases of AF ablation.ObjectiveExploring the characteristics and ablation prognosis of the patients with fibrotic but unenlarged LAMethodsPatients with persistent fibrillation who underwent catheter ablation in our center were analyzed in this retrospective study. Comprehensive low voltage mapped in LA is considered a fibrotic LA. The patients with fibrotic but unenlarged LA, normal LA, and fibrotic tissue with enlarged LA were included in Groups A, B, and C, respectively. We compared clinical features, electrophysiological findings, immediate ablation results, and follow-up outcomes in three groups.ResultsWe enrolled 9 patients in Group A, 38 in Group B, and 12 in Group C. There were greater proportions of women, low ventricular rates, and high CHA2DS2-VASC scores in the patients with fibrotic LA (Groups A and C). At the end of procedure, all of the patients saw restored sinus rhythm, and the rate of sinus rhythm was lower in Groups A and C than in Group B. Atrial-ventricular block and very-early-stage recurrence were more common in Group A. Sinus rhythm maintenance and LA reversion were rarer in Group A than in Group B or C.ConclusionsA fibrotic but unenlarged LA was more likely to be seen in female with high CHADS2VA2S score. It indicated a poor prognosis for AF ablation.
Gut dysregulation drives bone damage in tibial dyschondroplasia
by disrupting glucose homeostasis
Authors: huang shucheng , Xu Tingting , Chen Pan , Zhang Chaodong , Shaukat Aftab , Lin Luxi , Yue Ke , Cao Qinqin , Tong Xishuai , liu Kaili , He Yanfeng , xie Jingfei , liu Fang , zhang Cai , zhang Huaiyong 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) with multiple incentives is a metabolic skeletal disease that occurs in fast-growing broilers. Perturbations in the gut microbiota (GM) have been shown to affect bone homeostasis and the mechanisms by which GM modulates bone metabolism in TD broilers remain unrevealed. Here, by using a broiler model of TD, we noted elevated blood glucose (GLU) levels in TD broilers, accompanied by altered pancreatic structure and its secretory function, and damaged intestinal barrier function. Importantly, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) of gut microbes from normal donors could rehabilitate the GM and depress the elevation of GLU in TD broilers, high GLU level is a predisposing cause of bone disease, suggesting that GM dysbiosis-mediated hyperglycemia might involve in bone regulation. 16s rRNA gene sequencing and short-chain fatty acids analysis revealed that the significantly increased genera Blautia and Coprococcus-derived metabolite butyric acid regulated GLU levels in TD broilers by binding to GPR109A on the pancreas. Tibial studies showed reduced expression of vascular regulatory factors (including PI3K, AKT and VEFGA) based on transcriptional analysis and inhibited vascular distribution contributed to non-vascularization of cartilage in the proximal tibial growth plate in TD broilers with elevated GLU. Additionally, the total flavonoids of Rhizoma drynariae treatment further validated the improvement of bone homeostasis in TD broilers by regulating GLU levels originating from regulating GM and improving intestinal and pancreatic function. These findings clarify the critical role of GM-mediated GLU levels via the gut-pancreas axis in bone homeostasis in TD chickens.
COVID-19 vaccination in pregnancy: views and vaccination uptake rates in pregnancy, a mixed methods analysis from the Born In Wales study
Authors: Mhereeg Mohamed , Jones Hope , Kennedy Jonathan , Seaborne Mike , Parker Michael , Kennedy Natasha , Beeson Sarah , Akbari Ashley , Zuccolo Luisa , Davies Alisha , Brophy Sinead 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Vaccine hesitancy amongst pregnant women has been found to be a concern during past epidemics. This study aimed to 1) estimate COVID-19 vaccination rates among pregnant women in Wales and their association with age, ethnicity, and area of deprivation, using electronic health records (EHR) linkage, and 2) explore pregnant women’s views on receiving the COVID-19 vaccine during pregnancy using data from a survey recruiting via social media (Facebook, Twitter), through midwives, and posters in hospitals (Born in Wales Cohort).
Methods
This was a mixed-methods study utilising routinely collected linked data from the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) (Objective 1) and the Born-In-Wales Birth Cohort participants (Objective 2). Survival analysis was utilised to examine and compare the length of time to vaccination uptake in pregnancy, and variation in uptake by; age, ethnicity, and deprivation area was examined using hazard ratios (HR) from Cox regression. Codebook thematic analysis was used to generate themes from an open-ended question on the survey.
Results
Population-level data linkage (objective 1): Within the population cohort, 32.7% (n = 8,203) were vaccinated (at least one dose of the vaccine) during pregnancy, 34.1% (n = 8,572) remained unvaccinated throughout follow-up period, and 33.2% (n = 8,336) received the vaccine postpartum. Younger women (< 30 years) were less likely to have the vaccine and those living in areas of high deprivation were also less likely to have the vaccine (HR = 0.88, 95% CI 0.82 to 0.95). Asian and other ethnic groups were 1.12 and 1.18 times more likely to have the vaccine in pregnancy compared to women of White ethnicity (HR = 1.12, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.25) and (HR = 1.18, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.37) respectively. Survey responses (objective 2): 69% of participants stated that they would be happy to have the vaccine during pregnancy (n = 207). The remainder, 31%, indicated that they would not have the vaccine during pregnancy (n = 94). Reasons for having the vaccine included protecting self and baby, perceived risk level, and receipt of sufficient evidence and advice. Reasons for vaccine refusal included lack of research about long-term outcomes for the baby, anxiety about vaccines, inconsistent advice/information, and preference to wait until after the pregnancy.
Conclusion
Potentially only 1 in 3 pregnant women would have the COVID-19 vaccine during pregnancy, even though 2 in 3 reported they would have the vaccination, thus it is critical to develop tailored strategies to increase its acceptance rate and to decrease vaccine hesitancy. A targeted approach to vaccinations may be required for groups such as younger people and those living in higher deprivation level areas.
Transcriptomic analysis of Staphylococcus equorum KM1031 from the high- salt fermented seafood jeotgal under chloramphenicol, erythromycin and lincomycin stresses
Authors: Heo Sojeong , Kim Tao , Na Hong-Eun , Lee Gawon , Lee Jong-Hoon , Jeong Do-Won 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Staphylococcus equorum strain KM1031 is resistant to chloramphenicol, erythromycin and lincomycin. To shed light on the genetic factors underlying these antibiotic resistances, we determined the global gene expression profile of S. equorum KM1031 using RNA sequencing. During chloramphenicol, erythromycin and lincomycin treatment, 8.3% (183/2,336), 16.0% (354/2,336), and 2.9% (63/2,336) of S. equorum KM1031 genes exhibited significant differences in expression, respectively. These three antibiotics upregulated genes related to efflux and downregulated genes related to transporters. Antibiotic treatment also upregulated osmoprotectant-related genes involved in salt tolerance. To identify specific genes functionally related to antibiotic resistance, we compared the genome of strain KM1031 with those of three S. equorum strains that are sensitive to these three antibiotics. We identified three genes of particular interest: an antibiotic biosynthesis monooxygenase gene (AWC34_RS01805) related to chloramphenicol resistance, an antibiotic ABC transporter ATP-binding protein gene (msr, AWC34_RS11115) related to erythromycin resistance, and a lincosamide nucleotydyltransferase gene (AWC34_RS13300) related to lincomycin resistance. These genes were upregulated in response to the corresponding antibiotic; in particular, msr was upregulated more than fourfold by erythromycin treatment. Finally, the results of RNA sequencing were validated by quantitative real-time PCR. This transcriptomic analysis provides genetic evidence regarding antibiotic stress responses of S. equorum strain KM1031.
Effects of infusion tubing line lengths and syringe sizes on infusion system compliance: An experimental study using a syringe-type infusion pump at low flow rate
Authors: Lee Eun Kyung , Hong Kwan Young , Kim Youyoung , Choi Dan Chung , Min Jeong-Jin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Ideally, the flow delivery of an infusion system is proportional only to the rate of mechanical actuation of the syringe pump plunger. However, in the real world, overall infusion system compliance can vary with components such as tubing lines and syringes. With higher compliance, there may be greater chances of flow irregularity. In this experimental study, we investigated the effects of lengths of infusion lines and syringe sizes on the compliance of syringe pumps with low flow rate (2 ml·hr-1). In the first experiment, infusion system compliance was measured in various settings by occlusion-release. As the infusion tubing length and size of syringe increased, the time to reach each pressure was delayed and the infusion system compliance increased. The contributions to system compliance from syringes were significantly greater compared to those of extended infusion lines. In the second pre-occlusion alarm experiment, the occlusion alarm was delayed by 69.67 ± 3.98 minutes for the 50-ml syringe with a 560 cm infusion line set-up, requiring more attention when using a highly compliant infusion system. Thus, the performance of the syringe pump is affected by loaded syringe size and the length of the infusion line by changing the system compliance.
Directly imaging excited states-resolved coherent nuclear motions of water with picometer-femtosecond precision
Authors: Wang Chuncheng , zhenzhen wang , Hu Xiaoqing , Zhou Shengpeng , Yu Xitao , Yang Yizhang , Zhao Banchi , Shu Zheng , Wang Zhenpeng , Li Xiaokai , Wu Yong , Wang Jianguo , Ding Dajun 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Real-time imaging of transient structure of the electronic excited state is fundamentally critical to understand and control ultrafast physics and chemistry. However, the coherent nuclear motion in a specific excited state is yet to be captured accurately. Here, snapshots of the vibrational wave-packets of the excited (A) and ground states (X) of D$\rm_{2}$O$^{+}$ were acquired simultaneously with sub-10 picometer and few-femtosecond spatiotemporal precision, using a novel approach based on electron recollision-assisted Coulomb explosion. We visualised large amplitude bending and stretching motions for the A state, which significantly increased $\rm \theta _{DOD}$ and R$\rm_{OD}$ by approximately 50$^\circ$ and 10 pm, respectively, within 8 fs after initial tunneling ionization. In contrast, for the X state, only the prominant stretching motion is initialised with a bond extension of 7 pm within 5 fs. Another higher excited state with an asymmetric folding structure is experimentally established, which can be efficiently populated via the excitation of electron recollision.
We demonstrate the remarkable dynamical vibrational fingerprints of these excite states and pave the way towards to make a movie of excited state-resolved ultrafast molecular dynamics and light-induced chemical reaction.
Comparative study of the thermogravimetric properties of plantation-grown and natural stands of Khaya ivorensis (African Mahogany) from Ghana
Authors: Appiah-Kubi Emmanuel 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Khaya ivorensis (African Mahogany) is a valuable tropical timber species well known for its high-quality product finishes. Its properties are well known but its thermogravimetric properties have not been studied especially the plantation-grown ones. Most plantation-grown and fast-growing timber species are known to have inferior properties to naturally grown ones. The thermogravimetric properties of plantation-grown Khaya ivorensis (African Mahogany) and its natural stands were analyzed in this study. The study was conducted to compare the behaviour of both natural and plantation trees under heating. Three (3) trees each of plantation-grown and natural stands of Khaya ivorensis were used for the study. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was conducted using a Perkin Elmer thermal analyzer, Netzsch TG209 F1 IRIS. Approximately 15 mg sample was used for the analysis at a heating rate of 20oC/min under nitrogen with a 20 ml/min flow rate. The analysis was also conducted under an oxygen purge. The density of the trees was determined according to ASTM D2395-07. Results of the study indicated a relatively higher onset temperature of 347.9oC for plantation-grown trees whilst natural trees had a mean onset temperature of 344oC. Mass loss (TG) was again relatively higher in planation trees with a mean TG of 71% with an inflection temperature of 357oC, whilst natural trees had a mean TG of 67.6% with an inflection temperature of 353.9oC. The rate and pattern of degradation were similar for all the trees under the different heating conditions even though natural trees degraded at relatively lower temperatures.
Twist-tunable polaritonic nanoresonators in a van der Waals crystal
Authors: Nikitin Alexey , Matveeva Olga , Tresguerres-Mata Ana I. F. , Kirtaev Roman , Voronin Kirill , Taboada-Gutiérrez Javier , Lanza-García Christian , Duan Jiahua , Martín-Sánchez Javier , Volkov Valentin , Alonso-González Pablo 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Optical nanoresonators are fundamental building blocks in a number of nanotechnology applications (e.g. in spectroscopy) due to their ability to efficiently confine light at the nanoscale. Recently, nanoresonators based on the excitation of phonon polaritons (PhPs) – light coupled to lattice vibrations – in polar crystals (e.g. SiC, or h-BN) have attracted much attention due to their strong field confinement, high quality factors, and potential to enhance the photonic density of states at mid-infrared (IR) frequencies. Here, we go one step further by introducing PhPs nanoresonators that not only exhibit these extraordinary properties but also incorporate a new degree of freedom - twist tuning, i.e. the possibility to be spectrally controlled by a simple rotation. To that end, we both take advantage of the low-loss in-plane hyperbolic propagation of PhPs in the van der Waals crystal α-MoO3, and realize a dielectric engineering of a pristine α-MoO3 slab placed on top of metal ribbon grating, which preserves the high quality of the polaritonic resonances. By simple rotating the α-MoO3 slab in the plane (from 0 to 45º), we demonstrate via far- and near-field measurements that the narrow polaritonic resonances (with quality factors Q up to 200) can be tuned in a broad range (up to 32 cm-1, i.e up to ~ 6 times its full width at half maximum, FWHM ~ 5 cm-1). Our results open the door to the development of tunable low-loss nanotechnologies at IR frequencies with application in sensing, emission or photodetection
C-band Operating Plasmonic Sensor with High Q-factor/Figure of Merit (FOM) Based on Silicon Nano-Ring
Authors: Cicek Kenan , Boybay Muhammed S. , Topkaya Ramazan , Agarwal Anuradha M. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we take advantage of the high refractive index property of silicon to design a practical and sensitive plasmonic sensor on a Photonic Integrated Circuit (PIC) platform. It has been shown that by employing a concentric silicon nano-ring with a hexagonal plasmonic cavity, a label-free refractive index sensor with sensitivity as high as 1124 nm/RIU, a Q-factor of 307 and an FOM of 234 RIU− 1 can be achieved with optimal structural parameters. In addition, the resonance mode of the hexagonal cavity with Si nano-ring (HCS) sensor can be adjusted to operate in the c-band, which is a highly desirable wavelength range in terms of compatibility with devices in PIC technology.