bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of exercise interventions on physical fitness in breast cancer patients and survivors: a systematic review
Authors: Ficarra Salvatore , Thomas Ewan , Bianco Antonino , Gentile Ambra , Thaller Petra , Grassadonio Fulvio , Papakonstantinou Sofia , Schulz Thorsten , Olson Nils , Martin Alexandra , Wagner Christian , Nordström Anna , Hofmann Hande 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
This systematic review aims to identify the effects of exercise interventions in patients with breast cancer (BCP) and survivors (BCS) on selected variables of physical fitness.

Methods
A comprehensive literature search was conducted using Medline and Scopus. Randomized controlled trials with isolated exercise interventions in BCP and BCS women (< 5 years from therapy completion) were included. The risk of bias (RoB) assessment was conducted using the Cochrane RoB-2-tool. Variables regarding cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), strength (ST), fatigue (F) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) were discussed.

Results
Of the 336 studies initially identified, 22 met all the inclusion criteria and were deemed eligible. RoB assessment indicated that the studies had predominantly “some concerns” or had “low RoB”, with only 3 studies presenting a “high RoB”. The mean duration and frequency of exercise interventions were 19 weeks and 3 sessions/week, performed at moderate intensity (65% VO2max and 66% 1RM, for aerobic and resistance-training interventions, respectively).

Conclusions
Exercise interventions seem to be a valuable strategy in BCP to avoid the decline of CRF, ST, F and HRQoL. Conversely, improved physical function among BCS is observed for the same variables. Resistance training and combined interventions seem to provide the most encouraging variations of the selected outcomes.

PROSPERO registration ID
CRD42021237917.
A Cognitive-Semiotic Approach to Agency: Assessing Ideas from Cognitive Science and Neuroscience
Authors: Mendoza-Collazos Juan , Zlatev Jordan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFollowing the levels of intentionality and semiosis distinguished by the Semiotic Hierarchy (a layered model of semiosis/intentionality), and the distinction between original agency (without the use of artefacts) and enhanced agency (the prosthetic incorporation of artefacts), we propose a model of an agency hierarchy, consisting of six layers. Consistent with the phenomenological orientation of cognitive semiotics, a central claim is that agency and subjectivity are complementary aspects of intentionality. Hence, there is no agency without at least the minimal sense/feeling of agency. This perspective rules out all artefacts as genuine agents, as well as simple organisms, since it is highly unlikely that e.g. bacteria have any first-person perspective. Using this model, we review and assess recent proposals on the nature of agency from cognitive science, and neuroscience, and draw conclusions on how to incorporate aspects of them within a synthetic cognitive-semiotic framework.
Understanding the policy discourse within the formulation of the 2013 Indian National Food Security Act
Authors: Lindgren Karl-Axel , Lang Tim 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIndia was the third country in the world to enact into law a constitutional commitment to the right to food, following Brazil and South Africa. The 2013 National Food Security Act (NFSA) was the latest in a long line of post-Independence food policies aimed at tackling hunger. This paper explores the range of discourses among NFSA policy-makers, their views and disagreements, from drafting to the final Act. The research used mixed methods. Elite semi-structured interviews were conducted with 32 individuals who were either directly involved in NFSA formulation or food security specialist observers. Policy documents covering the period from before the Act and during the Act’s passage were critically analysed. Significant intra-governmental disagreements were apparent between two broad positions. A ‘pro-rights’ position sought to formulate a law that was as comprehensive and rights-based as possible, while a ‘pro-economy’ policy position saw the NFSA as a waste of money, resources and time, although recognising the political benefits of a food security law. These disagreements were consistent throughout the formulation of the NFSA, and in turn cast the Act as a product of compromise. Although there was broad consensus for a food security act, there was surprisingly little agreement exactly how that Act should look, what it should contain, and whom it should target. There was little consensus even on the right to food approach itself. The article contributes to the understanding of policy formulation in India specifically, and in developing countries in general, as well as to lend credence to the suitability of policy analysis to developing nations, otherwise normally grounded in Western traditions. The paper highlights a lack of cross-government cooperation in policy formulation, with the continued pressure of a short-term economic rationale undermining the policy goal of lessening hunger, despite some success.
Validation of the safety requirements of the landing gear using fault tree analysis
Authors: Iven Leander , Zaidi Yaseen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe analyze the functionality of the landing system of a regional aircraft in the extension and cruise flight modes and validate safety requirements through the fault tree analysis. The main landing gear system is captured in the electromechanical–fluidic domain and system behavior is abstracted in an elementary hydraulic circuit. The functional representation is then constructed into a fault tree which allows analysis of the failure propagation originating at different branch terminals, for instance, at the main landing gear actuator which extends the gear and holds it retracted during the cruise, door actuator, door uplocks, and hydraulic power supply. Each component is assigned a failure probability. Each failure mode is abstracted as a top-level event having a probability of failure and through Boolean combinations of component failures in the lower branches. Two reliability aspects considered are the availability to fully lower the landing gear and the integrity of inadvertent gear or door extension while cruising. Architectural changes through undercarriage system reconfiguration and component redundancy have been exploited to improve system failure rates. The analysis determines the overall system failure rate against the flight cycles. The process is agile to accommodate design changes with the evolution of architecture during the systems engineering lifecycle.
DeeProBot: a hybrid deep neural network model for social bot detection based on user profile data
Authors: Hayawi Kadhim , Mathew Sujith , Venugopal Neethu , Masud Mohammad M. , Ho Pin-Han 
Published: March 2022

AbstractUse of online social networks (OSNs) undoubtedly brings the world closer. OSNs like Twitter provide a space for expressing one’s opinions in a public platform. This great potential is misused by the creation of bot accounts, which spread fake news and manipulate opinions. Hence, distinguishing genuine human accounts from bot accounts has become a pressing issue for researchers. In this paper, we propose a framework based on deep learning to classify Twitter accounts as either ‘human’ or ‘bot.’ We use the information from user profile metadata of the Twitter account like description, follower count and tweet count. We name the framework ‘DeeProBot,’ which stands for Deep Profile-based Bot detection framework. The raw text from the description field of the Twitter account is also considered a feature for training the model by embedding the raw text using pre-trained Global Vectors (GLoVe) for word representation. Using only the user profile-based features considerably reduces the feature engineering overhead compared with that of user timeline-based features like user tweets and retweets. DeeProBot handles mixed types of features including numerical, binary, and text data, making the model hybrid. The network is designed with long short-term memory (LSTM) units and dense layers to accept and process the mixed input types. The proposed model is evaluated on a collection of publicly available labeled datasets. We have designed the model to make it generalizable across different datasets. The model is evaluated using two ways: testing on a hold-out set of the same dataset; and training with one dataset and testing with a different dataset. With these experiments, the proposed model achieved AUC as high as 0.97 with a selected set of features.
Parents’ Perceptions of Children’s Exposure to Unhealthy Food Marketing: a Narrative Review of the Literature
Authors: Driessen Christine , Kelly Bridget , Sing Fiona , Backholer Kathryn 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPurpose of ReviewA key driver of unhealthy diets in children is the marketing of unhealthy foods and beverages. Attempts to regulate children’s exposure to unhealthy food marketing through government-led policies are challenged by commercial interests. Parents shoulder the responsibility of counteracting the effects of omnipresent unhealthy food marketing that children are exposed to within the food environment. In this narrative review we aimed to synthesise the evidence over the last 10 years on parents' perceptions of children’s exposure to unhealthy food marketing and parents support for policies to restrict this marketing.Recent FindingsThe evidence indicates that unhealthy food marketing leads parents to feel undermined in their ability to provide healthy foods to their children. Despite this concern, parents tend to underestimate the levels of exposure to, and impacts of, unhealthy food marketing to their children, especially in the digital ecosystem.SummaryThe voices and support of parents represent a significant opportunity to accelerate policy action on food marketing. Increasing awareness among parents and caregivers to the high levels and harmful impacts of children’s exposure to unhealthy food marketing, focusing on their right not to be undermined by such action, may drive support for policy change. Further research is needed to understand parents’ attitudes and perceptions related to their children’s exposure to contemporary unhealthy food marketing, specifically in digital environments, and the perspectives of fathers and parents from low and middle-income countries.
Research on tune feedback of the Hefei Light Source II based on machine learning
Authors: Yu Yong-Bo , Liu Gong-Fa , Xu Wei , Li Chuan , Li Wei-Min , Xuan Ke 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe theory of tune feedback correction and the principle of a feedback algorithm based on machine learning are introduced, with a focus on the application of lasso regression for tune feedback correction. Simulation verification and online feedback correction results are presented. The results show that, after applying machine learning, the feedback accuracy of the tune feedback system was higher, and the betatron tune stability was further improved.
Towards developing a Core Outcome Set for malnutrition intervention studies in older adults: a scoping review to identify frequently used research outcomes
Authors: Visser M. , Mendonça N. , Avgerinou C. , Cederholm T. , Cruz-Jentoft A. J. , Goisser S. , Kiesswetter E. , Siebentritt H. M. , Volkert D. , Torbahn G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To conduct a scoping review to provide a systematic overview of outcomes used in nutritional intervention studies focused on the treatment of protein-energy malnutrition in older adults.

Methods
A systematic search of four electronic databases (Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) was performed to retrieve randomized controlled trials (RCTs), published until March 9, 2020, that evaluated the effect of nutritional interventions to treat protein-energy malnutrition in older adults and those at risk for malnutrition. Two authors screened titles, abstracts and full texts independently. One author extracted data that were cross-checked by another author.

Results
Sixty-three articles reporting 60 RCTs were identified. Most frequently used outcomes included body weight/body mass index (75.0% of RCTs), dietary intake (61.7%), functional limitations (48.3%), handgrip strength (46.7%), and body circumference (40.0%). The frequencies differed by setting (community, hospital and long-term care). For some outcomes there was a preferred assessment method (e.g., Barthel index for functional limitations), while for other outcomes (e.g., functional performance) a much greater variation was observed.

Conclusion
A large variation in outcomes, not only across but also within settings, was identified in nutritional intervention studies in malnourished older adults and those at risk. Furthermore, for many outcomes there was a large variation in the used assessment method. These results highlight the need for developing a Core Outcome Set for malnutrition intervention studies in older adults to facilitate future meta-analyses that may enhance our understanding on the effectiveness of treatment.
A unified view of a human digital twin
Authors: Miller Michael E. , Spatz Emily 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe term human digital twin has recently been applied in many domains, including medical and manufacturing. This term extends the digital twin concept, which has been illustrated to provide enhanced system performance as it combines system models and analyses with real-time measurements for an individual system to improve system maintenance. Human digital twins have the potential to change the practice of human system integration as these systems employ real-time sensing and feedback to tightly couple measurements of human performance, behavior, and environmental influences throughout a product’s life cycle to human models to improve system design and performance. However, as this concept is relatively new, the literature lacks inclusive and precise definitions of this concept. The current research reviews the literature on human digital twins to provide a generalized structure of these systems, provide definitions of a human digital twin and human digital twin system, and review the potential applications of these systems within product design, development, and sustainment. This review of the existing literature suggests that components of human models sufficient to provide robust human digital twins are likely to be derived across multiple fields of study. Thus, development of these systems would benefit an open multi-disciplinary research effort.
Grammatical Evolution of Complex Digital Circuits in SystemVerilog
Authors: Tetteh Michael , Dias Douglas Mota , Ryan Conor 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe evolution of complex circuits remains a challenge for the Evolvable Hardware field in spite much effort. There are two major issues: the amount of testing required and the low evolvability of representation structures to handle complex circuitry, at least partially due to the destructive effects of genetic operators. A 64-bit $$\times$$
×
64-bit add-shift multiplier circuit modelled at register-transfer level in SystemVerilog would require approximately 33,200 gates when synthesized using Yosys Open SYnthesis Suite tool. This enormous gate count makes evolving such a circuit at the gate-level difficult. We use Grammatical Evolution (GE) and SystemVerilog, a hardware description language (HDL), to evolve fully functional parameterized Adder, Multiplier, Selective Parity and Up–Down Counter circuits at a more abstract level other than gate level—register transfer level. Parameterized modules have the additional benefit of not requiring a re-run of evolutionary experiments if multiple instances with different input sizes are required. For example, a 64-bit $$\times$$
×
64-bit and 128-bit $$\times$$
×
128-bit multipliers etc., can be instantiated from a fully evolved functional and parameterized N-bit $$\times$$
×
N-bit multiplier. The Adder (6.4$$\times$$
×
), Multiplier (10.7$$\times$$
×
) and Selective Parity (6.7$$\times$$
×
) circuits are substantially larger than the current state of the art for evolutionary approaches. We are able to scale so dramatically because of the use of a HDL, which permits us to operate at a register-transfer level. Furthermore, we adopt a well known technique for reducing testing from digital circuit design known as corner case testing. Skilled circuit designers rely on this to avoid time-consuming exhaustive testing. We demonstrate a simple way to identify and use corner cases for evolutionary testing and show that it enables the generation of massively complex circuits. All circuits were successfully evolved without resorting to the use of any standard decomposition methods, due to our ability to use programming constructs and operators available in SystemVerilog.
Investigation of Weight Effects on the Critical Speed of Inclined Turbocharger Rotor System
Authors: Ouyang Xu , Guo Hulun , Wu Xintao , Men Rixiu , Li Menghan , Cao Shuqian 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTurbochargers have been widely used in various base conditions, such as horizontal, vertical, or inclined. The prediction of the dynamics is of utmost importance to inclined turbocharger designers. In this paper, the effect of weight on the critical speed of an inclined turbocharger rotor coupled with floating ring bearings is investigated. The inclined turbocharger rotor is modeled by lumped mass model. The nonlinear floating ring bearing model is derived using Capone’s model. Then the nonlinear dynamic model of the turbocharger rotor system is obtained. The balance position of the turbocharger rotor system is obtained by solving the nonlinear static equation. Linear system of the turbocharger rotor system is derived based on the balance position, and the critical speed is obtained by solving an eigenvalue problem. Three vibration modes, i.e. conical whirl, cylindrical whirl, and bending are obtained. Increasing the inclined angle would decrease the critical speed. Increasing the inclined angle would decrease the critical speed. Among the three vibration modes, the critical speed of cylindrical whirl furnishes the highest decrease while the critical speed of bending attains the lowest decrease. The vertical turbocharger rotor has a more wide operating speed range than the horizontal turbocharger rotor.
Sexual Health Screening for Gynecologic and Breast Cancer Survivors: A Review and Critical Analysis of Validated Screening Tools
Authors: Tounkel Innes , Nalubola Shreya , Schulz Alexandra , Lakhi Nisha 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Studies have shown that the sexual health concerns of gynecologic and breast cancer survivors are not adequately being addressed by clinicians.

Aim
To provide a comprehensive narrative review of validated sexual health screening tools and aid clinicians in choosing a screening tool that will allow them to best address their patients' sexual health concerns

Methods
A review of PubMed and Google Scholar databases was conducted, using search terms “sexual health”, “screening”, “tools”, “cancer”, and “survivors” to identify sexual health screening tools meeting the following inclusion criteria: 1) published in a peer-reviewed journal, 2) were written in English, 3) included breast and/or gynecological cancer patient population, 4) included self-reported measure of sexual health and function, and 5) underwent psychometric validation.

Main Outcome Measure
Criteria used to evaluate identified screening tools included ability to assess desire, arousal, satisfaction, orgasm, dyspareunia, solo sexual expression, relationship with partner, body image, distress over changes in sexual function, and support systems. Pre and post- treatment comparisons, differentiation between lack of sexual desire and inability, heterosexual bias, diversity in patient population, and ease of scoring were also evaluated.

Results
Based upon the inclusion criteria, the following 10 sexual health screening tools were identified and reviewed: Female Sexual Function Index, European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaires for both Cervical and Endometrial Cancer, Sexual Adjustment and Body Image Scale, Sexual Adjustment and Body Image Scale- Gynecologic Cancer, Sexual Function and Vaginal Changes Questionnaire, Gynaecologic Leiden Questionnaire, Information on Sexual Health: Your Needs after Cancer, Sexual Satisfaction Questionnaire, and Sexual Activity Questionnaire. Most tools assessed satisfaction (n=10), desire (n=9), and dyspareunia (n=8). Fewer addressed objective arousal (n=7), body image/femininity (n=7), partner relationship (n=7), orgasm (n=5), pre/post treatment considerations (n=5), distress (n=4), and solo-sexual expression (n=2). Heterosexual bias (n=3) and failure to differentiate between lack of desire and inability (n=2) were encountered.

Conclusion
Understanding the strengths and limitations of sexual health screening tools can help clinicians more effectively address cancer survivors' sexual health concerns, which is essential in providing comprehensive care and improving quality of life. Screening tools have room for improvement, such as eliminating heterosexual bias and including cancer and treatment-specific questions. Clinicians can use this guide to select the most appropriate screening tool for their patients and begin bridging the gap in sexual healthcare.
Mesospheric Nitric Oxide Transport in WACCM
Authors: Smith‐Johnsen Christine , Marsh Daniel Robert , Smith Anne K. , Tyssøy Hilde Nesse , Maliniemi Ville 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEnergetic particle precipitation (EPP) causes ionization of the main constituents of the Earth's atmosphere which leads to the production of nitric oxide (NO) throughout the polar mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT). Due to the long lifetime of NO during winter, it can also be transported deeper into the atmosphere by the mesospheric residual circulation (the indirect EEP effect). This study investigates the mesospheric indirect NO response to EEP using Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM) version 6. In comparison to observations from the instrument Solar Occultation For Ice Experiment (SOFIE) on the AIM (Aeronomy of Ice in the Mesosphere) satellite, a wintertime underestimation is found in the modeled mesospheric NO amount. WACCM's temperature profile is found to be vertically shifted compared to observations by SOFIE and by The Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry instrument on the Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics Dynamics satellite (SABER). The discrepancies in NO are therefore attributed to the model's ability to simulate the dynamics responsible for the indirect EEP effect. The drivers of this transport are investigated by sensitivity runs of WACCM's gravity wave forcing. Changing the amplitude of the non‐orographic gravity waves and the Prandtl number improves the modeled vertical distribution of NO and temperature in the MLT region.