bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
لفظ الإقرار عن بحث إقامة الحدود
Authors: Rosyadi Sofiah , Qomariyah Lailatul , Nafi'i Wildan 
Published: July 2022

<p dir="RTL" align="center"><strong>الملخص</strong></p><p dir="RTL">الإقرار هو واحد من طرائق لإثبات الجريمة الحدود الشريعة الإسلامية التي جاءت مراعة للمصالح ومحافظة للضروريات الخمس في مقاصد الشريعة الإسلامية، وجهل كثير من الناس بحجية الإقرار في العقوبات الحدية. وأهداف من هذا البحث هي الحاجة إلى معرفة أركان الإقرار وشروطه وما أثره وصوره في إثبات الحق. استخدمت الباحثة منهج البحث المكتبي (<em>library research</em>) بمدخل البحث الكيفي، واستخدمت أسلوب تحليل المضمون في اسلوب تحليل البيانات. ومن نتائج البحث: أن لفظ الإقرار في الإثبات تتوقف على توفر أركانه وشروطه فإذا نقص من ذلك فلا يثبت على حكم الحدود، والإقرار في إقامة الحدود يبين على حكم الإقرار والرجوع عنه. بأن لفظ الإقرار لا يجب قرره في حد الزنا وقطع الطريق بل يسن الستر بخلاف حد القذف مستحب أن يقر بل يجب، والإقرار في إقامة الحدود يكفي مرة واحدة لإثبات ما يترتب عليه، وحكم الرجوع عن الإقرار بالزنا مقبول، بخلاف الرجوع عن الإقرار بحد القذف فلا يصح الرجوع، وأما الرجوع في حد قطع الطريق قولان والصحيح أنه يقبل عند المذهب الشافعي.</p><p align="center"><strong><em>Abstrak </em></strong><strong><em></em></strong></p><p dir="RTL"><em>Iqrar (pengakuan) adalah salah satu cara untuk membuktikan kejahatan hukuman hadud dalam hukum Islam، yang datang dengan memperhatikan kepentingan dan menjaga lima kebutuhan tujuan hukum Islam، dan banyak orang yang mengabaikan otoritas pengakuan dalam hukum Islam pada kewajiban hukuman had. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah perlunya mengetahui rukun dan syarat pengakuan serta dampaknya dalam cara menegakkan kebenaran. Peneliti menggunakan metode library research dalam pendekatan penelitian kualitatif، dan peneliti menggunakan metode analisis isi (conten analysis) dalam metode analisis data.</em> <em>Diantara hasil penelitiannya:lafadz Iqrar(pengakuan) dalam pembuktian tergantung pada tersedianya rukun-rukun dan syarat-syaratnya، jika hilang dari itu maka tidak terbukti dalam hukum syariat، dan pengakuan dalam penetapan ambang batas menunjukkan penilaian Iqrar dan Rujuk(pembalikan) dari iqrar itu. Bahwa Iqrar tidak wajib diutarakan dalam had zina dan perampok، tetapi disunnahkan untuk menutupinya، berbeda dengan had penuduh zina sebaiknya ia mengaku(beriqrar) bahkan harus، dan pengakuan dalam menetapkan Hukuman hadd cukuplah satu kali untuk membuktikan akibatnya، dan hukum mencabut pengakuan zina hukumnya boleh(diterima)، berbeda dengan mencabut pengakuannya dari iqrar had fitnah(menuduh zina)، tidak dibenarkan jika kembali(rujuk)، dan adapun rujuk dalam kasus perampokan، ada dua pendapat، dan pendapat yang benar adalah diterima menurut mazhab Syafi'i.</em></p>
PENINGKATAN KADAR KASITERIT SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU PEMBUATAN TIN CHEMICAL DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN ALAT PAN AMERICAN JIG DALAM SKALA LABORATORIUM
Authors: S Putri Indriyani , . Mukiat , Ningsih RR Yunita Bayu 
Published: July 2022

Timah adalah sumberdaya pertambangan Indonesia yang memiliki berbagai macam pemanfaatan, salah satunya sebagai tin chemical. Syarat untuk membuat tin chemical setidaknya memiliki kandungan kadar Sn sebesar 45%. Pada umumnya, timah yang berasal dari kegiatan penambangan memiliki kadar yang belum memenuhi persyaratan sebagai bahan baku tin chemical, sehingga timah harus ditingkatkan kadarnya terlebih dahulu. Peningkatan kadar dapat dilakukan dengan alat pan american jig. Variabel yang berpengaruh atas kinerja alat pan american jig yaitu ketebalan bed dan frekuensi pukulan. Adapun tujuan penelitian yaitu menganalisis pengaruh dari ketebalan bed dan frekuensi pukulan dalam meningkatkan kadar timah untuk memenuhi standar pembuatan tin chemical. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam skala laboratorium dengan melakukan percobaan secara langsung menggunakan alat pan american jig dengan menambahkan variasi ketebalan bed dan frekuensi pukulan serta menggunakan pasir timah sebagai feed. Ketebalan bed yang digunakan yaitu 7 mm, 12 mm dan 17 mm. Frekuensi pukulan yang digunakan adalah 100.Hz,150 Hz.dan.200 Hz. Kemudian sampel melalui proses pengolahan dan dianalisa untuk mengetahui kadar dan recoverynya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketebalan bed dan frekuensi pukulan akan mempengaruhi kadar dan recovery. Semakin tebal ketebalan bed dan semakin besarnya frekuensi pukulan yang digunakan maka kadar Sn akan cenderung meningkat dengan recovery yang cenderung menurun. Pada variasi ketebalan bed 17 mm dan frekuensi pukulan 200 Hz diperoleh kadar 45,41% dengan recovery 85,91%. Sebaliknya, pada ketebalan bed 7 mm dan frekuensi pukulan jig sebesar 100 Hz diperoleh recovery 91,11% dengan kadar 41,85%.
MOTIVATION OF SCHOOL DENTAL HEALTH TEACHERS WITH THE LEVEL OF HANDLING STUDENTS WHO NEED CHILD TEETH EXTRACTION
Authors: Henhen Ade Hendrayana  , Yayah Sopianah  , Culia Rahayu  
Published: July 2022

Motivation is a factor that encourages a person to do a certain activity, therefore motivation is often interpreted as a driving factor in one's behavior. Motivation is needed by students and parents in school, regardless of the role of teachers, especially the role in the implementation of UKS. The period when the tooth remains has appeared while the child's teeth are still there or not shake is called persistence. The result if persistence is not treated immediately, namely the position of the crammed teeth (malocclusion). Objective: motivational relationship of UKS SD / MI Teacher with the level of handling of students who need child dental care at UPTD Puskesmas Karangsari in 2021. Method: a non-experimental method with cross sectional design, i.e. to connect research subjects including free variables and variables bound to research subjects only observed / observed once i.e. measurements of uks teacher motivation. The study sampled uks teachers using total sampling techniques. Results: respondents who have good motivation with less handling levels as much as 4 respondents (50%), while as many as 15 respondents (78.9%), and less as many as 1 respondent (100%). Conclusion: There is no motivational relationship between UKS SD/MI teachers with the level of student handling.
PARENTS' KNOWLEDGE ABOUT HOW TO BRUSH WITH FIRST MOLAR CARIES
Authors: Asep Ridwan Nulhakim  , Cahyo Nugroho  , Tita Kartika Dewi  
Published: July 2022

Background: Parents are the first environment for children and parental knowledge is the basis for forming children's positive behavior to maintain oral health with good and correct care. Knowledge of caries is everything that a person knows about dental caries. Parents often consider permanent first molars to be milk teeth that will have replacement teeth when they are extracted so that when these teeth are exposed to caries, the teeth will be left or extracted (Susi, et.al., 2012). Dental caries is a dental and oral disease that mostly affects school-age children, especially in the permanent first molars which only erupt once. Research purposes: This study aims to determine the relationship between parental knowledge about how to brush teeth with caries in the first molar at the Dental BP Gigi UPTD Puskesmas Watubelah Kabupaten Cirebon. Type of Research: using non-experimental methods with cross sectional design, which is to connect research subjects including independent variables and dependent variables, only observing a number of subject characteristics according to the actual situation, without any manipulation from the researcher. The research sample is parents using purposive sampling technique. Data analysis using Spearman 's Rank. Research Results: The level of knowledge of parents about dental caries in good category 8 (40%) respondents, less category 12 (60%) respondents. The caries category of permanent first molars with caries reached enamel 4 (20%) respondents, caries reached dentin 8 (40%) respondents, caries reached pulp 5 (25%) respondents, caries reached root 3 (15%) respondents. Conclusion: There is no relationship (H0 is accepted) between parents' knowledge about how to brush their teeth with caries in the first molar at the BP Gigi UPTD Puskesmas Watubelah Kabupaten Cirebon where the p value is 0.641 (> 0.05) which means it is greater than = 0, 05.
ONLINE DENTAL HEALTH EDUCATION (DHE) ON INCREASING KNOWLEDGE OF PREGNANT MOTHERS ABOUT DENTAL AND ORAL HEALTH DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Asep Iwan Juniansah  , Aan Kusmana  , Taftazani Rieza Zulfahmi 
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Dental health problems during pregnancy are often neglected. This is due to a lack of knowledge about dental health care. Hormonal changes in pregnant women increase the risk of developing periodontal disease. Periodontal disease increases the risk of preterm birth. The COVID-19 pandemic has hampered health education. Objective: to determine the effect of online dental health education (DHE) on increasing knowledge of pregnant women about dental and oral health. Method: this research is a pre-experiment with pre-post test. The sample size in the study was 32 respondents taken by purposive sampling. The analysis used was Paired T- test. Results: there was a difference in the average knowledge level of pregnant women on dental health with p value = 0,000. Conclusion: Dental health education has an effect on increasing the level of knowledge on dental health in pregnant women.
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN CARA BELAJAR YANG EFEKTIF DAN EFISIEN
Authors: Mardhiyantinengsih  
Published: July 2022

Penelitian ini merupakan Penelitian Tindakan Bimbingan dan Konseling yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan Cara Belajar yang efektif dan efisien Siswa dengan menerapkan Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan secara partisipatif selama satu siklus. Pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan lembar observasi, dan catatan lapangan. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis kualitatif. penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa siswa mengalami peningkatan dalam belajar secara efektif dan efisien pada siklus I. Peningkatan belajar siswa terjadi karena dalam pembelajaran dengan menerapkan model Problem Based Learning siswa aktif dengan berdiskusi masing-masing kelompok yang sudah dibagi untuk mengamati permasalahan pada perkembangan remaja yang terjadi di lingkungan sekitar siswa, siswa dilatih untuk menganalisa dan memecahkan masalah dari hasil video yang telah diputar. Kemudian mempresentasikan hasil diskusi di depan kelas. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning dapat meningkatkan cara belajar yang efektif dan efisien siswa.
COMAP Early Science. V. Constraints and Forecasts at z ∼ 3
Authors: Chung Dongwoo T. , Breysse Patrick C. , Cleary Kieran A. , Ihle Håvard T. , Padmanabhan Hamsa , Silva Marta B. , Richard Bond J. , Borowska Jowita , Catha Morgan , Church Sarah E. , Dunne Delaney A. , Kristian Eriksen Hans , Kristine Foss Marie , Gaier Todd , Ott Gundersen Joshua , Harper Stuart E. , Harris Andrew I. , Hensley Brandon , Hobbs Richard , Keating Laura C. , Kim Junhan , Lamb James W. , Lawrence Charles R. , Gahr Sturtzel Lunde Jonas , Murray Norman , Pearson Timothy J. , Philip Liju , Rasmussen Maren , Readhead Anthony C. S. , Rennie Thomas J. , Stutzer Nils-Ole , Uzgil Bade D. , Viero Marco P. , Watts Duncan J. , Wechsler Risa H. , Kathrine Wehus Ingunn , Woody David P. ,   (COMAP Collaboration)
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We present the current state of models for the z ∼ 3 carbon monoxide (CO) line intensity signal targeted by the CO Mapping Array Project (COMAP) Pathfinder in the context of its early science results. Our fiducial model, relating dark matter halo properties to CO luminosities, informs parameter priors with empirical models of the galaxy–halo connection and previous CO (1–0) observations. The Pathfinder early science data spanning wavenumbers k = 0.051–0.62 Mpc−1 represent the first direct 3D constraint on the clustering component of the CO (1–0) power spectrum. Our 95% upper limit on the redshift-space clustering amplitude A
clust ≲ 70 μK2 greatly improves on the indirect upper limit of 420 μK2 reported from the CO Power Spectrum Survey (COPSS) measurement at k ∼ 1 Mpc−1. The COMAP limit excludes a subset of models from previous literature and constrains interpretation of the COPSS results, demonstrating the complementary nature of COMAP and interferometric CO surveys. Using line bias expectations from our priors, we also constrain the squared mean line intensity–bias product,

Tb

2

≲ 50 μK2, and the cosmic molecular gas density, ρ
H2 < 2.5 × 108
M
⊙ Mpc−3 (95% upper limits). Based on early instrument performance and our current CO signal estimates, we forecast that the 5 yr Pathfinder campaign will detect the CO power spectrum with overall signal-to-noise ratio of 9–17. Between then and now, we also expect to detect the CO–galaxy cross-spectrum using overlapping galaxy survey data, enabling enhanced inferences of cosmic star formation and galaxy evolution history.
COMAP Early Science. VII. Prospects for CO Intensity Mapping at Reionization
Authors: Breysse Patrick C. , Chung Dongwoo T. , Cleary Kieran A. , Ihle Håvard T. , Padmanabhan Hamsa , Silva Marta B. , Bond J. Richard , Borowska Jowita , Catha Morgan , Church Sarah E. , Dunne Delaney A. , Eriksen Hans Kristian , Foss Marie Kristine , Gaier Todd , Gundersen Joshua Ott , Harris Andrew I. , Hobbs Richard , Keating Laura , Lamb James W. , Lawrence Charles R. , Lunde Jonas G. S. , Murray Norman , Pearson Timothy J. , Philip Liju , Rasmussen Maren , Readhead Anthony C. S. , Rennie Thomas J. , Stutzer Nils-Ole , Viero Marco P. , Watts Duncan J. , Wehus Ingunn Kathrine , Woody David P. ,   (COMAP COLLABORATION)
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We introduce COMAP-EoR, the next generation of the Carbon Monoxide Mapping Array Project aimed at extending CO intensity mapping to the Epoch of Reionization. COMAP-EoR supplements the existing 30 GHz COMAP Pathfinder with two additional 30 GHz instruments and a new 16 GHz receiver. This combination of frequencies will be able to simultaneously map CO(1–0) and CO(2–1) at reionization redshifts (z ∼ 5–8) in addition to providing a significant boost to the z ∼ 3 sensitivity of the Pathfinder. We examine a set of existing models of the EoR CO signal, and find power spectra spanning several orders of magnitude, highlighting our extreme ignorance about this period of cosmic history and the value of the COMAP-EoR measurement. We carry out the most detailed forecast to date of an intensity mapping cross correlation, and find that five out of the six models we consider yield signal to noise ratios (S/Ns) ≳ 20 for COMAP-EoR, with the brightest reaching a S/N above 400. We show that, for these models, COMAP-EoR can make a detailed measurement of the cosmic molecular gas history from z ∼ 2–8, as well as probe the population of faint, star-forming galaxies predicted by these models to be undetectable by traditional surveys. We show that, for the single model that does not predict numerous faint emitters, a COMAP-EoR-type measurement is required to rule out their existence. We briefly explore prospects for a third-generation Expanded Reionization Array (COMAP-ERA) capable of detecting the faintest models and characterizing the brightest signals in extreme detail.
COMAP Early Science. III. CO Data Processing
Authors: Foss Marie K. , Ihle Håvard T. , Borowska Jowita , Cleary Kieran A. , Eriksen Hans Kristian , Harper Stuart E. , Kim Junhan , Lamb James W. , Lunde Jonas G. S. , Philip Liju , Rasmussen Maren , Stutzer Nils-Ole , Uzgil Bade D. , Watts Duncan J. , Wehus Ingunn K. , Woody David P. , Bond J. Richard , Breysse Patrick C. , Catha Morgan , Church Sarah E. , Chung Dongwoo T. , Dickinson Clive , Dunne Delaney A. , Gaier Todd , Gundersen Joshua Ott , Harris Andrew I. , Hobbs Richard , Lawrence Charles R. , Murray Norman , Readhead Anthony C. S. , Padmanabhan Hamsa , Pearson Timothy J. , Rennie Thomas J. ,   (COMAP Collaboration)
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We describe the first-season CO Mapping Array Project (COMAP) analysis pipeline that converts raw detector readouts to calibrated sky maps. This pipeline implements four main steps: gain calibration, filtering, data selection, and mapmaking. Absolute gain calibration relies on a combination of instrumental and astrophysical sources, while relative gain calibration exploits real-time total-power variations. High-efficiency filtering is achieved through spectroscopic common-mode rejection within and across receivers, resulting in nearly uncorrelated white noise within single-frequency channels. Consequently, near-optimal but biased maps are produced by binning the filtered time stream into pixelized maps; the corresponding signal bias transfer function is estimated through simulations. Data selection is performed automatically through a series of goodness-of-fit statistics, including χ
2 and multiscale correlation tests. Applying this pipeline to the first-season COMAP data, we produce a data set with very low levels of correlated noise. We find that one of our two scanning strategies (the Lissajous type) is sensitive to residual instrumental systematics. As a result, we no longer use this type of scan and exclude data taken this way from our Season 1 power spectrum estimates. We perform a careful analysis of our data processing and observing efficiencies and take account of planned improvements to estimate our future performance. Power spectrum results derived from the first-season COMAP maps are presented and discussed in companion papers.
Effects of CO-dark Gas on Measurements of Molecular Cloud Stability and the Size–Linewidth Relationship
Authors: O’Neill Theo J. , Indebetouw Rémy , Bolatto Alberto D. , Madden Suzanne C. , Wong Tony 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Stars form within molecular clouds, so characterizing the physical states of molecular clouds is key to understanding the process of star formation. Cloud structure and stability are frequently assessed using metrics including the virial parameter and Larson scaling relationships between cloud radius, velocity dispersion, and surface density. Departures from the typical Galactic relationships between these quantities have been observed in low-metallicity environments. The amount of H2 gas in cloud envelopes without corresponding CO emission is expected to be high under these conditions; therefore, this CO-dark gas could plausibly be responsible for the observed variations in cloud properties. We derive simple corrections that can be applied to empirical clump properties (mass, radius, velocity dispersion, surface density, and virial parameter) to account for CO-dark gas in clumps following power-law and Plummer mass density profiles. We find that CO-dark gas is not likely to be the cause of departures from Larson’s relationships in low-metallicity regions, but that virial parameters may be systematically overestimated. We demonstrate that correcting for CO-dark gas is critical for accurately comparing the dynamical state and evolution of molecular clouds across diverse environments.
Disks and Outflows in the Intermediate-mass Star-forming Region NGC 2071 IR
Authors: Cheng Yu , Tobin John J. , Yang Yao-Lun , van ’t Hoff Merel L. R. , Sadavoy Sarah I. , Osorio Mayra , Díaz-Rodríguez Ana Karla , Anglada Guillem , Karnath Nicole , Sheehan Patrick D. , Li Zhi-Yun , Reynolds Nickalas , Murillo Nadia M. , Zhang Yichen , Megeath S. Thomas , Tychoniec Łukasz 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We present Atacama Large Millimeter Array band 6/7 (1.3 mm/0.87 mm) and Very Large Array Ka-band (9 mm) observations toward NGC 2071 IR, an intermediate-mass star-forming region. We characterize the continuum and associated molecular line emission toward the most luminous protostars, i.e., IRS1 and IRS3, on ∼100 au (0.″2) scales. IRS1 is partly resolved in the millimeter and centimeter continuum, which shows a potential disk. IRS3 has a well-resolved disk appearance in the millimeter continuum and is further resolved into a close binary system separated by ∼40 au at 9 mm. Both sources exhibit clear velocity gradients across their disk major axes in multiple spectral lines including C18O, H2CO, SO, SO2, and complex organic molecules like CH3OH, 13CH3OH, and CH3OCHO. We use an analytic method to fit the Keplerian rotation of the disks and give constraints on physical parameters with a Markov Chain Monte Carlo routine. The IRS3 binary system is estimated to have a total mass of 1.4–1.5 M
⊙. IRS1 has a central mass of 3–5 M
⊙ based on both kinematic modeling and its spectral energy distribution, assuming that it is dominated by a single protostar. For both IRS1 and IRS3, the inferred ejection directions from different tracers, including radio jet, water maser, molecular outflow, and H2 emission, are not always consistent, and for IRS1 these can be misaligned by ∼50°. IRS3 is better explained by a single precessing jet. A similar mechanism may be present in IRS1 as well but an unresolved multiple system in IRS1 is also possible.
Using LSST Microlensing to Constrain Dark Compact Objects in Spherical and Disk Configurations
Authors: Winch Harrison , Setford Jack , Bovy Jo , Curtin David 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) with the Vera Rubin Observatory will provide strong microlensing constraints on dark compact objects (DCOs) in our Galaxy. However, most current forecasts limit their analysis to Primordial Black Holes (PBH). It is unclear how well LSST microlensing will be able to constrain alternative models of DCOs with different Galactic spatial profile distributions at a subdominant DM fraction. In this work, we investigate how well LSST microlensing will constrain spherical or disk-like Galactic spatial distributions of DCOs, taking into account extended observing times, baryonic microlensing background, and sky distribution of LSST sources. These extensions represent significant improvements over existing microlensing forecasts in terms of both accuracy and versatility. We demonstrate this power by deriving new LSST sensitivity projections for DCOs in spherical and disk-like distributions. We forecast that LSST will be able to constrain one-solar-mass PBHs to have a DM fraction under 4.1 × 10−4. One-solar-mass objects in a dark disk distribution with the same dimensions as the Galactic disk will be constrained below 3.1 × 10−4, while those with m = 105
M
⊙ will be constrained to below 3.4 × 10−5. We find that compressed dark disks can be constrained up to a factor of ∼10 better than ones with identical dimensions to the baryonic disk. We also find that dark disks become less tightly constrained when they are tilted with respect to our own disk. This forecasting software is a versatile tool, capable of constraining any model of DCOs in the Milky Way with microlensing, and is made publicly available.
A Late-time Radio Flare Following a Possible Transition in Accretion State in the Tidal Disruption Event AT 2019azh
Authors: Sfaradi Itai , Horesh Assaf , Fender Rob , Green David A. , Williams David R. A. , Bright Joe , Schulze Steve 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We report here radio follow-up observations of the optical tidal disruption event (TDE) AT 2019azh. Previously reported X-ray observations of this TDE showed variability at early times and a dramatic increase in luminosity, by a factor of ∼10, about 8 months after optical discovery. The X-ray emission is mainly dominated by intermediate hard-soft X-rays and is exceptionally soft around the X-ray peak, which is L

X
∼ 1043 erg s−1. The high cadence 15.5 GHz observations reported here show an early rise in radio emission followed by an approximately constant light curve, and a late-time flare. This flare starts roughly at the time of the observed X-ray peak luminosity and reaches its peak about 110 days after the peak in the X-ray, and a year after optical discovery. The radio flare peaks at ν
L

ν
∼ 1038 erg s−1, a factor of two higher than the emission preceding the flare. In light of the late-time radio and X-ray flares, and the X-ray spectral evolution, we speculate a possible transition in the accretion state of this TDE, similar to the observed behavior in black hole X-ray binaries. We compare the radio properties of AT 2019azh to other known TDEs, and focus on the similarities to the late-time radio flare of the TDE ASASSN-15oi.