bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vitro accuracy of digital and conventional impressions in the partially edentulous maxilla
Authors: Waldecker Moritz , Rues Stefan , Awounvo Awounvo Junior Sinclair , Rammelsberg Peter , Bömicke Wolfgang 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Objectives
This in vitro study compared the dimensional accuracy of conventional impressions (CI) with that of digital impressions (DI) in a partially edentulous maxilla. DIs were made by two intraoral scanners, Omnicam (OC) and Primescan (PS).

Materials and methods
CI and both intraoral scanners were used to take 30 impressions of two identical reference models. CIs were poured with type 4 gypsum and the saw-cut models were digitized. The reference models simulated a maxilla with six prepared teeth that accommodated a cross-arch fixed partial denture. Center points of five precision balls and center points at the margin level of each prepared tooth were used to detect changes in dimensions and tooth axis between the reference model and the scans.

Results
For DI, the largest deviations (176 µm for OC and 122 µm for PS) occurred over the cross-arch. For CI, the largest deviation (118 µm) occurred over the anterior segment. For shorter distances up to a quadrant, DI was superior to CI. For longer scan distances, DI was comparable (2 sextant and anterior segment) or inferior (cross-arch) to CI. Vertical and tooth axis deviations were significantly smaller for CI than for DI (p < 0.001).

Conclusions
The impression method affected the impression accuracy of a partially edentulous maxilla with prepared teeth. DI is recommended for scans up to a quadrant. Larger scan volumes are not yet suitable for fabricating a fixed partial denture because of the high scatter of accuracy values.

Clinical relevance
In contrast to conventional impressions, digital impressions lead to comparable or better results concerning scans up to a quadrant. Consequently, for larger scan volumes, several smaller scans should be performed or, if restoration-related not possible, it is recommended to take conventional impressions.
Paper2GIS: improving accessibility without limiting analytical potential in Participatory Mapping
Authors: Denwood Timna , Huck Jonathan J. , Lindley Sarah 
Published: July 2022

AbstractParticipatory Mapping encompasses a broad spectrum of methods, each with advantages and limitations that can influence the degree to which the target audience is able to participate and the veracity of the data collected. Whilst being an efficient means to gather spatial data, the accessibility of online methods is limited by digital divides. Conversely, whilst non-digital approaches are more accessible to participants, data collected in this way are typically more challenging to analyse and often necessitate researcher interpretation, limiting their use in decision-making. We therefore present ‘Paper2GIS’, a novel sketch mapping tool that automatically extracts mark-up drawn onto paper maps and stores it in a geospatial database. The approach embodied in our tool simultaneously limits the technical burden placed on the participant and generates data comparable to that of a digital system without the subjectivity of manual digitisation. This improves accessibility, whilst simultaneously facilitating spatial analyses that are usually not possible with paper-based mapping exercises. A case study is presented to address two energy planning questions of the residents in the Outer Hebrides, UK. The results demonstrate that accessibility can be improved without impacting the potential for spatial analysis, widening participation to further democratise decision-making.
Responsive inclusive design (RiD): a new model for inclusive software development
Authors: Moreno Martínez Carlos , Piorno Joaquín Recas , Escribano Otero Juan José , Guijarro Mata-García María 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe design and development of technological solutions based on software for all types of people, including people with disabilities, is still a pending issue in most software application development projects today. Situations like the 2020 pandemic drastically reflect how people with disabilities tend to be left outside the application design and construction guidelines. There are multiple initiatives and previous works that advocate user involvement from the beginning of the project; however, in this work, we go a step further by presenting a model for designing and constructing software applications (RiD—Responsive inclusive Design) defined for inclusive software. RiD extends the involvement of the user with disabilities to the entire software life cycle, in different roles, and taking into account the changing nature of the user profile in the evolution of the product. This article also presents the EDICO case study, an accessible and inclusive scientific editor for the Spanish National Organization of the Blind (ONCE), which was successfully implemented applying the RiD principles.
Perceptions Towards HCV Treatment with Direct Acting Antivirals (DAAs): A Qualitative Analysis with Persons with HIV/HCV Co-infection Who Delay or Refuse Treatment
Authors: Brothers Sarah , DiDomizio Elizabeth , Nichols Lisa , Brooks Ralph , Villanueva Merceditas 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn the United States, approximately 25% of people with HIV (PWH) are co-infected with hepatitis C (HCV). Since 2014, highly effective and well-tolerated direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) have revolutionized HCV treatment. Uptake of DAAs by people with HIV/HCV co-infection has improved but remains suboptimal due to system, provider, and patient-level barriers. To explore patient-level issues by better understanding their attitudes towards DAA treatment, we conducted qualitative interviews with 21 persons with HIV/HCV co-infection who did not consent to DAA treatment or delayed treatment for at least 1 year after diagnosis. We found PWH perceived DAA treatment barriers and facilitators on multiple levels of the social-ecological environment: the individual (HCV disease and treatment literacy), interpersonal (peer influence), institutional (media and healthcare provider relationship), and structural levels (treatment cost and adherence support). Recommendations to improve DAA treatment uptake include HCV-treatment adherence support, HCV disease and treatment literacy training (particularly for substance use and DAA treatment interactions), and encouraging PWH who have successfully completed DAA treatment to speak with their peers.
Lack of anti-predator recognition in a marine isopod under the threat of an invasive predatory crab
Authors: Yli-Renko Maria , Pettay Jenni E. , Rothäusler Eva , Vesakoski Outi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe prey naïveté hypothesis suggests that the failure of prey to recognize novel predators as a threat is caused by a lack of anti-predator adaptations. We tested this hypothesis in a unique natural setting, where the isopod Idotea balthica encountered the rapidly spreading invasive crab, Rhithropanopeus harrissii. Earlier research had indicated high mortality of the isopods during exposure to R. harrissii. The isopod exerted no co-evolutionary history with any littoral crabs and thus the strong impact could be caused by lack of pre-adaptations towards the new predator species. We tested this hypothesis by studying the anti-predator responses of the isopods with water-born cues of R. harrissii and of the native predatory fish Perca fluviatilis. Compared to control water, the isopods lowered their activity when exposed to the fish cue. Instead crab cue did not induce anti-predator behaviour. We also tested the hypothesis that mortality caused by novel predator, similar to predation by P. fluviatilis, would result in differential selection for the two sexes and contribute to the evolution of personalities. However, we found no differences in anti-predator behaviour nor in mortality between the sexes or personalities of the isopods. The outcomes reveal an interesting evolutionary scenario, where predation by a local predator induce soft selection on prey characteristics, but an invasive species cause hard selection without differentiating between prey individuals. Our study—conducted in the dawn of the population outbreak of R. harrissii—provides an excellent reference point for studies resolving the evolutionary impacts of invasive predators on naïve prey.
PARP1 and XRCC1 exhibit a reciprocal relationship in genotoxic stress response
Authors: Reber Julia M. , Božić-Petković Jovana , Lippmann Michelle , Mazzardo Marvin , Dilger Asisa , Warmers Rebecca , Bürkle Alexander , Mangerich Aswin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPARP1 (aka ARTD1) acts as a prime sensor of cellular genotoxic stress response. PARP1 detects DNA strand breaks and subsequently catalyzes the formation of poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR), which leads to the recruitment of the scaffold protein XRCC1 during base excision and single strand break repair and the assembly of multi-protein complexes to promote DNA repair. Here, we reveal that the recruitment of either protein to sites of DNA damage is impeded in the absence of the other, indicating a strong reciprocal relationship between the two DNA repair factors during genotoxic stress response. We further analyzed several cellular and molecular endpoints in HeLa PARP1 KO, XRCC1 KO, and PARP1/XRCC1 double KO (DKO) cells after genotoxic treatments, i.e., PARylation response, NAD+ levels, clonogenic survival, cell cycle progression, cell death, and DNA repair. The analysis of NAD+ levels and cytotoxicity after treatment with the topoisomerase I inhibitor camptothecin revealed a hypersensitivity phenotype of XRCC1 KO cells compared to PARP1 KO cells—an effect that could be rescued by the additional genetic deletion of PARP1 as well as by pharmacological PARP inhibition. Moreover, impaired repair of hydrogen peroxide and CPT-induced DNA damage in XRCC1 KO cells could be partially rescued by additional deletion of PARP1. Our results therefore highlight important reciprocal regulatory functions of XRCC1 and PARP1 during genotoxic stress response.
Towards a More Evidence-Based Risk Assessment for People in the Criminal Justice System: the Case of OxRec in the Netherlands
Authors: Fazel Seena , Sariaslan Amir , Fanshawe Thomas 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRisk assessment tools are widely used throughout the criminal justice system to assist in making decisions about sentencing, supervision, and treatment. In this article, we discuss several methodological and practical limitations associated with risk assessment tools currently in use. These include variable predictive performance due to the exclusion of important background predictors; high costs, including the need for regular staff training, in order to use many tools; development of tools using suboptimal methods and poor transparency in how they create risk scores; included risk factors being based on dated evidence; and ethical concerns highlighted by legal scholars and criminologists, such as embedding systemic biases and uncertainty about how these tools influence judicial decisions. We discuss the potential that specific predictors, such as living in a deprived neighbourhood, may indirectly select for individuals in racial or ethnic minority groups. To demonstrate how these limitations and ethical concerns can be addressed, we present the example of OxRec, a risk assessment tool used to predict recidivism for individuals in the criminal justice system. OxRec was developed in Sweden and has been externally validated in Sweden and the Netherlands. The advantages of OxRec include its predictive accuracy based on rigorous multivariable testing of predictors, transparent reporting of results and the final model (including how the probability score is derived), scoring simplicity (i.e. without the need for additional interview), and the reporting of a wide range of performance measures, including those of discrimination and calibration, the latter of which is rarely reported but a key metric. OxRec is intended to be used alongside professional judgement, as a support for decision-making, and its performance measures need to be interpreted in this light. The reported calibration of the tool in external samples clearly suggests no systematic overestimation of risk, including in large subgroups.
Spatio-Temporal Properties of Amused, Embarrassed, and Pained Smiles
Authors: Namba Shushi , Sato Wataru , Matsui Hiroshi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSmiles are universal but nuanced facial expressions that are most frequently used in face-to-face communications, typically indicating amusement but sometimes conveying negative emotions such as embarrassment and pain. Although previous studies have suggested that spatial and temporal properties could differ among these various types of smiles, no study has thoroughly analyzed these properties. This study aimed to clarify the spatiotemporal properties of smiles conveying amusement, embarrassment, and pain using a spontaneous facial behavior database. The results regarding spatial patterns revealed that pained smiles showed less eye constriction and more overall facial tension than amused smiles; no spatial differences were identified between embarrassed and amused smiles. Regarding temporal properties, embarrassed and pained smiles remained in a state of higher facial tension than amused smiles. Moreover, embarrassed smiles showed a more gradual change from tension states to the smile state than amused smiles, and pained smiles had lower probabilities of staying in or transitioning to the smile state compared to amused smiles. By comparing the spatiotemporal properties of these three smile types, this study revealed that the probability of transitioning between discrete states could help distinguish amused, embarrassed, and pained smiles.
Proactive control and agency
Authors: Baston René 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCan agents overcome unconscious psychological influences without being aware of them? Some philosophers and psychologists assume that agents need to be aware of psychological influences to successfully control behavior. The aim of this text is to argue that when agents engage in a proactive control strategy, they can successfully shield their behavior from some unconscious influences. If agents actively check for conflicts between their actions and mental states, they engage in reactive control. For engaging in reactive control, agents need awareness of those mental states which are in conflict with an action. In contrast, if agents are actively maintaining a goal in consciousness, they engage in proactive control. Proactive control does not consist of conflict detection or conflict resolution. I argue that proactive control explains how agents overcome unconscious psychological influences. In doing so, I claim that consciousness is important for engaging in reactive and proactive control.
Biological properties and potential of compounds extracted from red seaweeds
Authors: Carpena M. , Garcia-Perez P. , Garcia-Oliveira P. , Chamorro F. , Otero Paz , Lourenço-Lopes C. , Cao Hui , Simal-Gandara J. , Prieto M. A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMacroalgae have been recently used for different applications in the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry since they do not compete for land and freshwater against other resources. Moreover, they have been highlighted as a potential source of bioactive compounds. Red algae (Rhodophyta) are the largest group of seaweeds, including around 6000 different species, thus it can be hypothesized that they are a potential source of bioactive compounds. Sulfated polysaccharides, mainly agar and carrageenans, are the most relevant and exploited compounds of red algae. Other potential molecules are essential fatty acids, phycobiliproteins, vitamins, minerals, and other secondary metabolites. All these compounds have been demonstrated to exert several biological activities, among which antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and antimicrobial properties can be highlighted. Nevertheless, these properties need to be further tested on in vivo experiments and go in-depth in the study of the mechanism of action of the specific molecules and the understanding of the structure–activity relation. At last, the extraction technologies are essential for the correct isolation of the molecules, in a cost-effective way, to facilitate the scale-up of the processes and their further application by the industry. This manuscript is aimed at describing the fundamental composition of red algae and their most studied biological properties to pave the way to the utilization of this underused resource.
Genetic yield gain between 1942 and 2013 and associated changes in phenology, yield components and root traits of Australian barley
Authors: Cossani C. Mariano , Palta Jairo , Sadras Victor O. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background and Aims
Barley breeding has increased yield over the last century, but the associated changes in the phenotype are largely unknown. Our aim was to quantify the rate of genetic gain in a collection of Australian barley cultivars representing seven decades of breeding, and the associated changes in the phenotype.

Methods
Thirteen barley cultivars were grown in the field at Roseworthy and Mintaro, South Australia, to evaluate shifts in phenology, yield, and its components. A subset of five cultivars was grown under controlled conditions to probe for changes in root traits and nutrient uptake.

Results
Grain yield increased at 16.0 ± 5.3 kg ha−1 yr−1 or 0.43 ± 0.15% yr−1 at Roseworthy, where average yield was 3.1 t ha−1. There was no relation between yield and year of registration at Mintaro, where severe, extended frost disrupted reproduction. Changes in phenology with year of registration were not apparent. The main drivers of yield gain were grain number per m2 and harvest index, with a minor contribution of shoot biomass. Root length density, specific root length, root extension rate, and nutrient uptake per cm of root length increased with year of registration.

Conclusions
The rate of genetic gain of Australian barley aligned with rates reported for other breeding programs worldwide and compared to 21.0 ± 2.3 kg ha−1 yr−1 for actual yield in Australian farms between 1961 and 2019. Changes in the growth and functionality of the root system highlight the indirect effects of selective pressure for yield and agronomic adaptation.
The concept of a maximal network plan to enhance automated decision making in production steering
Authors: Larek Roland , Wagner Jan Cetric , Grendel Heiko , Nüchter Andreas 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDigitalization is a major driver of competitiveness in industry. Especially, automated scheduling systems are broadly available to deal with production steering in complex production systems. Their underlying concept is the network plan to describe the logical relation between different production steps for the completion of a production process. The network plan, however, is limited to contain only one standard process and allows therefore basically only the automated variation of execution time of each step within the given logical sequence. This is sufficient as long as the production process and the boundary conditions, such as resource availability, are stable to a certain degree. This work introduces an enhancement of the concept of the network plan, the Maximal Network Plan, that is designed to automatically cope with disruptions. It stores additional alternative sequences, weighted according to their priority in comparison to the standard process. Therefore, a numerical decision making is possible in terms of also varying the order of production tasks to achieve a maximum performance for the overall process. Instead of waiting for a disruption in the standard process to be solved, an alternative sequence will be proposed to increase overall progress by circumventing the blocked step. This concept has been developed and tested for complex assembly tasks, such as the production of air- and spacecraft structures and systems. In conjunction with the use of mobile computing devices instead of paper-based work order documents it allows a very fast and dynamic production steering, also in the case of substantial disruptions in the standard process.
Modeling of laser processing as a distortion compensation strategy for profile grinding
Authors: Schieber Christian , Hettig Matthias , Müller Valentin , Zaeh Michael F. , Heinzel Carsten 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this paper, the possibility of using laser machining on long slim steel workpieces, such as linear guide rails, was investigated to selectively induce tensile residual stresses. The approach will be used to counteract the residual stresses in a V-groove after profile grinding and to compensate for workpiece distortion. Experimental data with a variation of laser power and feed rate were used to calibrate a finite element simulation so that a valid predictive model could be built. Decisive factors were the distortion values as well as metallographic investigations. Relevant results are the numerical design of suitable strategies for targeted distortion potential induction and an advanced understanding of thermal treatment by laser processing. The completed successful modeling of the process strategy can be used for distortion compensation during profile grinding.
A comparative optimization and modeling of ammonia–nitrogen adsorption from abattoir wastewater using a novel iron-functionalized crab shell
Authors: Ohale Paschal Enyinnaya , Onu Chijioke Elijah , Nwabanne Joseph Tagbo , Aniagor Chukwunonso Onyeka , Okey-Onyesolu Chinenye Faith , Ohale Nonye Jennifer 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHigh-grade adsorbent (Fe–CS) was successfully synthesized from waste crab shells (CS) for the adsorptive removal of ammonia–nitrogen (A–N) from abattoir wastewater. Fe–CS was analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, Scanning electron microscopy, and Thermogravimetric analysis. The characterization results indicated that Fe–CS possessed important qualities required for surface-driven chelation. The analysis of variance result showed that Fe–CS dosage (with f–value of 284.5) was the most effective process parameter of influence during A-N adsorption. The regression coefficients obtained from the process modeling illustrated the applicability of RSM (R2 = 0.9799), ANN (R2 = 0.9025), and ANFIS (R2 = 0.9998) in predicting the A–N adsorptive removal, while the comparative statistical analysis established the superiority of ANFIS model over ANN and RSMs’ data prediction accuracy. The optimization result further demonstrated that ANFIS–GA predicted an optimum removal efficiency of 92.60% at pH of 6.5, a dosage of 2.2 g, A–N conc. of 18.8 mg/L, Temp. of 317 K, and adsorption time of 156 min. The mechanistic plot obtained from Weber–Morris model depicted that three regions were involved in the adsorption process. Boyd model parameters revealed that intraparticle diffusion controlled the process at low A–N concentration (A–N concentration ≤ 15 mg/L), while film diffusion dominated the adsorption process at concentrations higher than 15 mg/L. The average Gibbs free energy value ($$- \Delta G^{0}$$

-
Δ

G
0

= 3.08212 kJ/mol), enthalpy ($$\Delta H^{0}$$

Δ

H
0

= 4.1150 kJ/mol), activation energy ($$E_{A}$$

E
A

= 3.7454 kJ/mol) and entropy ($$\Delta S^{0}$$

Δ

S
0

= 22.9710 J/mol K) obtained from thermodynamic studies confirmed the spontaneous, endothermic, favorable and physical nature of the process.