bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time Course of Activity-Dependent Changes in Auditory Nerve Synapses Reveals Multiple Underlying Cellular Mechanisms
Authors: Wong Nicole F. , Xu-Friedman Matthew A. 
Published: February 2022

Abnormal levels of acoustic activity can result in hearing problems such as tinnitus and language processing disorders, but the underlying cellular and synaptic changes triggered by abnormal activity are not well understood. To address this issue, we studied the time course of activity-dependent changes that occur at auditory nerve synapses in mice of both sexes after noise exposure and conductive hearing loss. We found that EPSC amplitude and synaptic depression decreased within 2 d of noise exposure through a decrease in the probability of vesicle release (Pr). This was followed by a gradual increase in EPSC amplitude through a larger pool of releasable vesicles (N). Occlusion of the ear canal led to a rapid decrease in EPSC amplitude through a decrease inN, which was followed by an increase in EPSC amplitude and synaptic depression through an increase inPr. After returning to normal sound levels, synaptic depression recovered to control levels within 1–2 d. However, repeated exposure to noise for as little as 8 h/d caused synaptic changes after 7 d, suggesting recovery did not fully offset changes. Thus, there appear to be three activity-dependent mechanisms in auditory nerve synapses—bidirectional changes inPrin 1–2 d, slower bidirectional changes inNthrough synaptic growth or retraction, and rapid downregulation ofNwith low activity. The dynamic changes indicate that multiple mechanisms are present to fine-tune synaptic fidelity across different acoustic conditions in a simple relay.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHearing impairments can arise from exposure to noise or conductive hearing loss. This appears to result from changes in the brain, but the mechanisms are not well understood. We study this issue by studying the synapses made by auditory nerve fibers called endbulbs of Held. These synapses undergo bidirectional changes in size and release probability of neurotransmitter in response to increased or decreased activity. Here, we made a close examination of how quickly these synaptic characteristics change, which indicates there are at least three cellular mechanisms underlying changes. Furthermore, repeated exposure to brief periods of noise can produce cumulative effects. These changes could significantly affect hearing, especially because they occur at the start of the central auditory pathway.
Conception and early pregnancy in the mare: lipidomics the unexplored frontier
Authors: Lawson Edwina F , Grupen Christopher G , Baker Mark A , Aitken R John , Swegen Aleona , Pollard Charley-Lea , Gibb Zamira 
Published: February 2022

Lipids are dynamic biological molecules that play key roles in metabolism, inflammation, cell signalling and structure. They are biologically significant in the physiology of conception and reproduction. Many of the mechanisms surrounding equine conception and the early feto-maternal dialogue are yet to be understood at a biochemical level. Recently, lipidomic technologies have advanced considerably and analytical strategies have been enhanced and diversified. Consequently, in-depth lipidomic exploration now has the potential to reveal new lipid biomarkers and biochemical relationships that improve our understanding of the processes leading to efficient and successful reproduction. This review considers the role of lipids in conception and establishment of pregnancy, providing new insights into the enigmatic pathways governing early reproductive physiology of the mare.

Lay summary
This paper discusses the role that lipids play in the very early stages of pregnancy in the mare. Lipids are microscopic non-soluble molecules that are important components of living cells. The manuscript discusses how lipids influence the reproductive cycle of mares, including ovulation and the detailed biological process of becoming pregnant. It explains how lipids are identified in a laboratory setting with a newly developing technology known as ‘lipodomics’. The technology may lead to a more detailed understanding of how mares become pregnant. The focus of the paper is on mare reproduction, but it also draws on similarities with reproduction in other mammals. Remarkably there are gaps in much of our knowledge about the finer details of pregnancy in the horse, and the paper summarises what we already know about lipids, highlighting areas for further research.
Seasonal variation in the diet and the morphometric parameters of the genus Pseudo-phoxinus sp. (Cyprinidae) in Eastern Algeria
Authors: Salhi S. , Chaibi R. , Badache H. , Hamidouche M. , Laouar R. 
Published: February 2022

The diet and the morphometric parameters of the Pseudophoxinus sp. (Cyprinidae) in the El Mellah ravine (M’sila, Algeria) were studied by determining body measurements and analyzing the contents of digestive tracts of 320 fish from December 2018 to November 2019. The obtained results show marked diversity within the fish species diets, which can be grouped into three main fractions: (i) a plant fraction; (ii) an animal fraction composed mainly of invertebrate prey; and (iii) fraction consisting of fish eggs (digested by males during the breeding season). The plant fraction was present in all the analyzed digestive tracts, mainly being composed of phytoplankton (algae), namely, Spirogyra sp., Melosira sp. and Navicula sp. with the total relative abundances of 38.7%, 34.4% and 4.1%, respectively. On the other hand, the animal fraction was represented by the Chironomus sp., Austrosimulium sp., and Ecdyonurus sp. dipterans with a total relative abundance of 7.3%, 6.7% and 5.9%, respectively. Pseudophoxinus sp. eggs can also be considered as part of this fraction with the total relative abundance of 2.9%. The age of the fish seems to have an influence on their feeding behaviour. The juveniles of Pseudophoxinus sp. in the study area had a purely phytophagous diet, while adults showed a phytophagous behaviour with an omnivorous tendency. The present study shows that not only the age of the fish but also the seasonal changes (climatic conditions and entry into the breeding season) may have a significant influence on the diet and morphometric parameters of Pseudophoxinus sp. in El Mellah ravine.
Correlation between physical characteristics of the indoor environment toward the concentration of fungi in the inpatient rooms of dr. Soebandi Regional Hospital Jember, East Java
Authors: Hamzah Salsabilla Maula Zalfa El , Setyawardani Astuti , Semita I Nyoman , Agustina Dini 
Published: February 2022

Background and purpose: Air quality is an important determinant of a healthy life. One indicator of air pollutants in the room is fungi, which in hospital setting may cause nosocomial infection. This research aims to find out a correlation between physical characteristics of the indoor environment Â toward the concentration of fungi in the inpatient rooms of dr. Soebandi Regional Hospital Jember, East Java.Methods: This research uses a cross-sectional method with a total of four inpatient rooms. We measured physical room characteristics including room temperature, humidity, light intensity, and room density. The concentration of fungi was measured by collecting air sample using passive air sampling method with a potato dextrose agar as the media to optimize the fungal growth. The data was processed with Saphiro-Wilk and Pearson correlation analysis using SPSS 25.0.Results: The ranges of room temperature and humidity were 29.6-32.2Â°C and 41-59%, respectively; while the light intensity and room density were 10-30 and 1.88-2.38 person/10 m2. The bivariate analysis showed a correlation between two components of physical characteristic of the indoor environment, room temperature and room density, with the concentration Â of fungi.Conclusion: There is a correlation between room temperature and room density with the concentration of fungi in the inpatient rooms of dr. Soebandi Regional Hospital Jember. The management of hospitals should take measures to improve the air quality within inpatient rooms.
O ENSINO DE MATEMÁTICA NA REALIDADE PANDÊMICA: FERRAMENTAS TECNOLÓGICAS UTILIZADAS NOS ANOS FINAIS DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL
Authors: Demartini Susana Seidel , Lara Isabel Cristina Machado de 
Published: February 2022

Este artigo apresenta uma pesquisa acerca das ferramentas tecnológicas escolhidas e utilizadas por professores de Matemática, durante o período de aulas remotas, ocasionadas pela Pandemia de Covid-19. Fundamenta-se em autores como Van de Walle, Garcia, D’Ambrosio, Machado, Baraldi e Valente. Metodologicamente, trata-se de uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa na qual participaram 23 professores de Matemática, por meio de um questionário online com 13 questões. Para realizar a análise do corpus utilizou-se a Análise Textual Discursiva conforme Moraes e Galiazzi. Após realizar a categorização das respostas, verifica-se que a maior parte dos professores define a Matemática como uma ciência que ajuda a compreender o mundo. Em relação aos recursos tecnológicos, os principais foram: Geogebra para ensinar geometria e equações; sites para jogos, exercícios e simulados; YouTube e plataformas de vídeo conferência para comunicação com os estudantes. O uso desses recursos aumentou a participação e interesse dos estudantes nas aulas e levou os professores a aprenderem sobre tecnologia.
Swell–shrink behaviour of fly ash-stabilised expansive soils
Authors: Ashok Kumar T. , Thyagaraj T. , Robinson R. G. 
Published: February 2022

Class C fly ash, a byproduct of thermal power plants, is often preferred for the stabilisation of expansive soils. However, improper optimisation of the stabiliser may lead to the premature failure of treated soils during wet–dry cycles. This study demonstrates the volume change behaviour of fly ash-stabilised expansive soils subjected to wet–dry cycles. Furthermore, the effect of class C fly ash and lime–class C fly ash on the physical and engineering properties is also studied. The experimental results showed that addition of 20% fly ash to the expansive soil reduced the swell potential to 0% from an untreated swell value of 10.5%. However, when it was subjected to five wet–dry cycles, the initial cementitious effect of the fly ash on controlling the swell was partially lost, and therefore the volumetric deformation of the stabilised expansive soil increased from 0 to 14.5%. Furthermore, among the different additive combinations used for the treatment of expansive soils, it was observed that the combination of 4% lime and 20% fly ash resulted in the volumetric deformation of only 2.05% even after the fifth wet–dry cycle. Besides, the percentage of desiccation cracks has also reduced significantly from 29 to 0.5%.
Effect of alkali-treated sisal fibres on expansive clay
Authors: Muthukkumaran Kasinathan , Sindhujha R. , Anusudha V. 
Published: February 2022

In this study, the synergic effects of alkaline activation (AA) and fibre inclusions on the mechanical behaviour of fly-ash-stabilised black cotton soil were investigated. The natural fibre used in this research was treated with sodium hydroxide solution as an expedient solution to attain durability. The fibres are added in two forms: discrete fibre and geotextile. Assessment of engineering behaviour of the AA-treated soil reinforced with surface-coated sisal fibres was carried out by conducting various laboratory tests such as free swell test, unconfined compressive strength test and cyclic triaxial test. Microstructural characterisation was carried out by scanning electron microscopy analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. The test results conclusively showed that the alkaline-activated fly-ash-treated sisal fibre-reinforced soil exhibits better mechanical behaviour in terms of peak stress and post-peak behaviour and appreciable resistance to swelling. Overall, the study shows that amendment of fibre-reinforced AA-fly-ash could effectively enhance the strength, stiffness and toughness of the soil and could subsidise the anticipated detrimental effects that could cause by dynamic loading. This study affirms the potential of alkali-treated sisal fibre to be an alternative to traditional stabilisers used in construction involving expansive soil.
ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЕ ЦИФРОВЫХ РЕСУРСОВ НА РАЗВИТИЕ РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫХ СИСТЕМ В РОССИИ
Authors: Куликов Михаил Михайлович , Комиссарова Мария Анатольевна , Комарова Алина Владимировна 
Published: February 2022

Аннотация. Цель работы — выявление специфики применения цифровых ресурсов в различных сферах деятельности и их положительное влияние на развитие России.
Методологию исследования представляют нормативные акты, статистические данные Федеральной службы государственной статистики, научные публикации по цифровизации российских регионов и внедрению цифровых платформ, аналитические данные сайтов национальных проектов России, данные Единой межведомственной информационно-статистической системы, а также структурный анализ и элементы сравнительного анализа. Применение данных методов и подходов позволяет изучить используемые в настоящий момент цифровые ресурсы, их достоинства и недостатки, спрогнозировать предполагаемые результаты от их внедрения.
Результаты исследования. Одним из важных результатов является полученный анализ внедрения цифровых ресурсов на предприятиях в различных сферах деятельности и отражение их применения на уровне регионального развития. Цифровая трансформация регионов России в последние годы значительно возросла в связи с переходом к использованию цифровых технологий на предприятиях, в государственных и муниципальных учреждениях. Однако в настоящий момент между субъектами РФ существует разрыв в показателях цифрового развития и применения цифровых ресурсов. Говоря о воздействии цифровых ресурсов на развитие региональных систем, стоит подчеркнуть необходимость выравнивания показателей цифровизации между регионами, а также между столицами субъектов и других городов в соответствующем субъекте, равной доступности к Интернет-сети и увеличения коэффициента развитости общества в области использования и применения цифровых технологий.
Перспективу исследования составляет анализ внедрения цифровых проектов, которые оказали положительную динамику на развитие субъектов Российской Федерации.
Pneumonia in Toddlers: Association of Characteristics and Nutritional Status
Authors: Badriah Elia , . Indana 
Published: February 2022

Pneumonia is one of the health problems that contribute to the mortality of toddlers. Pneumonia cases in children are determined by health history. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between age, gender, birth weight, history of breastfeeding, nutritional status, and immunization status with the incidence of pneumonia in toddlers at the Kudus Aisyiyah Hospital. The design of this study was analytic observational with a cross-sectional approach. A total of 102 patients have participated as research respondents, and sampling was done using the accidental technique. The instrument used in this study is an observation sheet prepared for toddler patients with pneumonia. Data analysis was carried out using chi-square and fisher's exact method. The results showed that 48 patients (47.1%) had pneumonia. There was a significant relationship between the age of children under five (p=0.003) and birth weight (p=0.0001) with the incidence of pneumonia. There was no relationship between gender (p=0.399), exclusive breastfeeding (p=0.495), and nutritional status (p=0.141), with the incidence of pneumonia in children under five. The age variable is associated with the pneumonia incidence in toddlers at Kudus 'Aisyiyah Hospital. Mothers are expected to pay more attention to the health of their toddlers due to their vulnerability to a variety of diseases, particularly infectious diseases. Support and counseling programs from health workers were also expected to help mothers' understanding to improve their child's health quality.
Strategy for streamlining the workflow in architectural offices
Authors: Aggarwal Kajal , Fatma Noeen , Goyal Anu , Singhal Varad , Nagdeve Shruti S. 
Published: February 2022

Purpose: The workflow in an office plays a significant role for an effective and efficient work output. It is vital to prepare a strategy for streamlining the work process by eliminating errors and improving workflow for increased efficiency and work output in an architectural practice. To increase operational efficiency, a firm must first understand how to streamline their workflow that add value to their daily tasks and practice time and communication management. The primary purpose of this research is to prepare a strategy for streamlining the workflow within the office and with the consultants for efficient, effective and mistake free work output.
Methodology: The research is approached by identifying the current trends of workflow management prevalent in architectural offices; identifying the issues and associated problems and finally developing an organized and streamlined workflow strategy. The research is structured initially with review of existing knowledge on the stakeholder and communication management, study of seven quality tools and their application in the given situation, followed by in-depth semi- structured expert interviews with practicing architects, and survey with a target population of practicing architects.
Main Findings: From the analysis, it is evident that the primary issue lies because of communication gap with consultants and subcontractors and lack of coordination within the office, followed by lack of work experience; lack of visibility and inadequate number of projects and Hiring of Team members. The research concludes with a list of recommendations that can be beneficial for effective and efficient workflow management for a startup architectural firm to reduce conflicts at the site and increase work output.
Excepcionalismo versus Pragmatismo: direitos humanos nas relações Brasil-Estados Unidos (1974-1979)
Authors: Lessa Antonio Carlos , Brito Santana Leal Juliana 
Published: February 2022

Este artigo analisa a tesão que se produziu pelo contraste entre o excepcionalismo estadunidense e a chamada política externa do Pragmatismo Ecumênico e Responsável, formulada e implementada durante o governo de Ernesto Geisel. Ao promover a exportação dos valores de direitos humanos, o governo do Presidente Jimmy Carter esbarrou na contra-ação formulada e implementada pelo governo brasileiro. Foi a partir do questionamento “como se tencionaram as relações Brasil – Estados Unidos em decorrência dos contrastastes entre o excepcionalismo estadunidense de Carter e o pragmatismo ecumênico e responsável de Geisel?” como a exportação da agenda de direitos humanos estadunidense de Carter impactou a formulação da política externa brasileira de Geisel para o cenário interamericano?” que este trabalho calcou suas inquietações iniciais. Foi utilizado o método de revisão bibliográfica e análise documental objetivando uma análise acerca da receptividade brasileira ao discurso de exportação de valores liberais empreendido por Carter e, devido à isso, às alternativas retóricas que o governo brasileiro oferecia quando pressionado em temas de direitos humanos.
The Use of Megaprostheses in Nononcologic Lower-Extremity Total Joint Arthroplasty
Authors: Siddiqi Ahmed , Mahmoud Yusuf , Manrique Jorge , Molloy Robert M. , Krebs Viktor E. , Piuzzi Nicolas S. 
Published: February 2022

» As the number of primary total joint arthroplasty (TJA) procedures continues to rise, megaprostheses have found an emerging role in more complex revision arthroplasty cases that require additional reconstruction, stability, and restoration of function.» Megaprosthesis options have evolved: in addition to cemented prostheses, cementless and even hybrid fixation designs optimize longevity. Proximal femoral replacement (PFR), distal femoral replacement (DFR), proximal tibial replacement (PTR), and total femoral replacement (TFR) are all limb salvage options in the setting of substantial bone loss, poor bone quality, and soft-tissue compromise.» Dislocation is one of the most common complications after PFR, likely due to the loss of soft-tissue integrity, most notably the hip abductor musculature from the greater trochanter. The utilization of dual-mobility constructs, larger femoral heads, elevated acetabular liners, and constrained acetabular liners may reduce the risk of instability and improve overall hip function.» Patients with megaprostheses may be more prone to periprosthetic joint infection and surgical site infection given multiple variables, such as the lengthy nature of the surgical procedure, prolonged wound exposure, extensive soft-tissue dissection and resection, poor soft-tissue coverage, and poorer host status.» Despite advances in technology, complication and revision rates remain high after megaprosthesis reconstruction. Therefore, thorough attention to patient-specific factors must be considered for appropriate use of these constructs.
Uncertainty Evaluation Method and Application of Reservoir Lithofacies Proportion under the Condition of Few Wells
Authors: Li Shaohua , Du Chuan , Huang Daowu , Duan Dongping , Ding Fang , Yu Siyu , Huang Xin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The proportion of different lithofacies is essential to determine the net-gross ratio, which directly affects the calculation of oil and gas reserves. Under the condition of few wells, the reliability of different lithofacies proportions obtained using well data is poor because it is difficult to estimate the uncertainty variation range of different lithofacies proportions. The present study overcomes this problem using an uncertainty evaluation method for reservoir lithofacies proportion. First, different lithofacies proportions of the reservoir are determined using the well and seismic data and are considered as the most likely estimated. Based on the lithofacies proportion, the lithofacies models of the study area are developed. Second, uniform and random methods are applied to sample the lithofacies models, and then, the probability distribution functions of different lithofacies proportions are derived. Third, the three levels of lithofacies proportions in the study area are calculated using the method of quantile and discretization of the probability distribution. Finally, we take M gas field as a sample and compare the test results of the fixed and random well structures. The results show that the sampling results of the fixed well structure model significantly deviate under the influence of the extension direction of the channel and well pattern distribution. Therefore, it is suggested to use random well structure to determine the uncertainty distribution range of lithofacies proportion.