bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SARS-CoV-2 codon usage bias at furin site clear up the origin. Landscape of Omicron sub-variants BA.4 and BA.5 (a July, 2022 sample)
Authors: Romeu Antonio R. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 has a 12-nt-long exogenous sequence into the S gene, encoding the polybasic furin cleavage site, including the CGG-CGG arginine dimer. In this regard, I recently posted two facts: (i) this 12-nt and the reverse complement sequences are identical to a many highly expressed sequences in human cells, suggesting that a progenitor of SARS-CoV-2 jumped into humans and recombination with human cell mRNA produced the pandemic virus; and (ii) the identification of a representative group of SARS-CoV-2 specimens with arginine codon usage bias in the furin site. Are these two independent facts? To address the issue, the aim of this work is to trace the arginine codon bias in the dimers of this amino acid in the furin site from virus updated genomes. At S protein level, the acquisition of the furin site was enormously favourable for the virus. For the humanity was (or is) the new and unprecedented covid pandemic. Moreover, at S gene level the CGG-CGG arginine code was enormously unfavourable for the virus. Since arginine has six codons, the virus can overcome the situation through a codon usage bias. Here I show some SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sub-variants BA.4 and BA.5 (a July, 2022, sample) with furin site arginine dimer codon optimized: 8 out of 4,986 (0.16 %). In SARS-CoV-2 the synonymous base substitutions are not common, however, in this particular case of the arginine, it is the only way that the virus has to stabilize its genome. On the other hand, from science, this arginine codon usage bias can support the hypothesis of recombination for the SARS-CoV-2 polybasic furin cleavage site origin. Finally, this work opens the door to monitor the course of that codon bias in the new virus genomes that are coming.
Effect of left anodal transcranial direct current stimulation on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPAA) activity in patients with depressive episodes: a randomized, triple-blind, pilot trial
Authors: Pedraz-Petrozzi Bruno , Sardinha Helena , Gilles Maria , Deuschle Michael 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
This study's main aim was to evaluate the effect of left anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPAA) activity in participants with depression. As an additional exploratory objective, we aimed to find any relationship between baseline morning cortisol concentrations, family history of depression, and somatic symptoms.
Materials and Methods
A 3-week, randomized, triple-blind, pilot trial was carried out. Participants (n = 47, drop-out: 14.89%) were allocated randomly to one of two groups: tDCS and control group (sham stimulation). Since the effector hormone of the HPAA is cortisol, salivary cortisol was used as an HPAA activity marker. The primary outcome was the effect of tDCS on the diurnal cortisol pattern (DCP). Secondary outcomes were tDCS effects on cortisol awakening response (CAR) and maximal cortisol decline (MCD), as well as the variation of cortisol concentrations between the initiation of tDCS and 2 weeks later. Intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses were carried out.
Results
Regarding our primary outcome, we found no significant effectof tDCS on the interaction group * time * daytime. Concerning our secondary outcomes, tDCS had no significant effects on CAR, MCD or cortisol concentration variation between the initiation of tDCS and 2 weeks later in the tDCS group when compared with the sham stimulation group. Finally, an exploratory analysis found a significant relationship between morning cortisol, family history of depression, and somatic symptoms.
Conclusions
Our main results indicate that anodal tDCS did not affect HPAA activity in depression. More studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Metadichol treatment of fibroblasts and embryonic stem cells regulates key cardiac progenitors
Authors: Raghavan Palaaykotai R 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Heart disease has been identified as one of the main causes of heart attack; moreover, it is known to result in the death of billions of Cardiomyocytes, which cannot be reproduced and replaced. The remaining cells are often faced with a significant increase in hemodynamic burden. Repairing the heart after an attack or other cardiovascular disease has eluded medical science. The ability to repair the heart muscles using the own cells of a patient who had suffered from a heart attack is a long-sought goal to regenerate healthy new tissues. Cell sources for cardiac disease treatment include human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), which are known to have the capacity to differentiate into chondrocytes, osteoblasts, adipocytes, and Cardiomyocytes. Cardiac fibroblasts are present in large numbers in the heart; they are known to be involved in the repair of the structural, biochemical, mechanical, and electrical properties of the myocardium. 2Here, we present the use of Metadichol for the treatment of hESCs and human cardiac fibroblasts, wherein it resulted in the increase in the expression of the key cardiac progenitors ISL1, NKX2-5, and GATA4, determined to be crucial in heart development. Metadichol, which is a nontoxic nano-emulsion of long-chain alcohol, up regulated the expression of five tested markers of cardiac stem cells, including c-kit, Isl-1, GATA4, WT1, and NKX2-5. Treating hESCs with Metadichol at a concentration of 1 nanogram for 24 h has led to the enhanced gene expression of ISL1 (67-fold), GATA4 (7.5-fold), NXK2-5 (4.35-fold), Kit(10.41 fold) and WT1(4.99 fold). In human cardiac fibroblasts treated with 100 pg, ISL1 (1.77-fold), NKX2-5 (19.82-fold), and GATA4 (19.9-fold) kit (12.23-fold) and WT1(1.87-fold) were up regulated. These genes play a role in heart diseases, especially ISL1, which has been suggested to be a single source for the heart lineages and its development. Given the fact that Metadichol is nontoxic and safe it can be directly tested in humans skipping other procedures being employed today and improvements monitored non-invasively. possibility of the direct use of Metadichol in patients with heart disease, as it has no known toxicity and is commercially available and marketed worldwide.
The Relationship Between Artificial Intelligence, Big Data, and Unemployment: New Insights from Dynamic Panel Data Model of the G7 Countries
Authors: Guliyev Hasraddin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This study examines the effect of artificial intelligence and big data technologies on unemployment in the G7 countries, using a theoretical model that is also encouraged empirically. Artificial intelligence big data technologies are more discussed futuristic aspects in the literature, there are no widely empirical studies. In the empirical approach, we follow the dynamic effect of unemployment by using panel data GMM-system estimations. The dataset includes the period 2005–2020 and contains G7 countries. This study is examined the effect of new technologies on unemployment discover the relationship between a country's Google Trend Index (GIT) related to Big Data and AI and their unemployment rate. The main results show that artificial intelligence and big data technologies decrease the level of unemployment and the ‘‘displacement effect’’ of jobs is validated.JEL Classification: F22, C23, O17
Analysis of three-layer gasket performance affected by flange surface
Authors: Karohika I Made Gatot , Haruyama Shigeyuki 
Published: August 2022

Gaskets are components that play a very important role in piping connections to prevent leakage. Several factors affect the performance of the gasket, one of which is the contact surface of the flange. The quality of the contact surfaces in the connection also influences the leakage rate of each connection, therefore the gasket sealing performance is assessed by the rate of leakage that occurs. As a result, the surface roughness of the flange has an effect on sealing. This study examines the capability of a three-layer corrugated metal gasket to prevent leakage when the outside layer thickness and flange roughness are adjusted. The feature of three-layer corrugated metal gasket was elucidated using the finite element analysis (FEA) and experimental method. The leak rate was tested using a helium leak quantity test experimentally. The gasket was constructed with oxygen-free copper (C1020) as the outside layer and SUS304 as the base layer, and it was structured in a three-layer pattern with no bonding. A mold press was used to make the gasket. The simulation method applies finite element analysis software to investigate the correlation between contact stress, contact width, surface thickness and surface roughness. The projected results matched the experiment results fairly well. A three-layer corrugated metal gasket shows improvement capability to prevent leakage than a single gasket (standard). The gasket three-layer shows sealing performance improvement that leakage did not occur in low axial force 40 kN for all surface roughness test. In terms of sealing, a three-layer gasket with a low thickness ratio works well. Surface roughness of the flange has no influence on the three-layer gasket
Characterization of WO3 thin films deposited by spray pyrolysis technique and its role in gas sensing
Authors: Sivathas Sivaraman Sethu , Murugan Sambandam , Babu Arthur Victor , Ramalingam Singaravelu , Thirumurugan Ramalingam , Victoria Devanugraham Clement Easter Raj Bernice 
Published: August 2022

The work investigated in this paper focused on the fabrication of WO3 films by the spray pyrolysis technique, and different analyses were made to find optimized samples for studying properties suitable for the application of gas sensing. The substrate temperature is the most important parameter among other spray parameters for the synthesis of thin films hence WO3 thin films were deposited on glass substrates by maintaining the substrate temperature at 350 ºC, 450 ºC, 550 ºC, and 650 °C using compressed air as a carrier gas. The influence of the substrate temperature on the structural, morphological, compositional, and optical properties of the WO3 thin films has been justified using XRD data. Good and enhanced crystallinity is observed for the film deposited at a substrate temperature of 550 ºC. The nonconventional properties were studied by different investigations and confirmed by past research work. The manipulation of surface morphology with the different deposition temperatures is monitored. Only the characteristic peaks of W and O are present in the fabricated WO3 thin films. The optical activity of about 70 to 80 % of the selected sample in the visible region (300 to 1200 nm) is found. The selective absorption activity of light in the ultraviolet region and visible region is checked. The obtained IR bands confirmed the inter bridge stretching and bending modes of W-O and O-W-O. A high response towards ammonia compared to other test gases is exhibited. The repeatability of WO3 towards NH3 over three periodic sensing cycles, response, and recovery time has also been discussed. From all the characteristic studies, it has been suggested that the fabricated WO3 thin films have been used in the health care field to detect the toxic NH3 gas
Geometric approach to the proof of Fermat’s last theorem
Authors: Gevorkyan Yuriy 
Published: August 2022

A geometric approach to the proof of Fermat’s last theorem is proposed. Instead of integers a, b, c, Fermat’s last theorem considers a triangle with side lengths a, b, c. It is proved that in the case of right-angled and obtuse-angled triangles Fermat's equation has no solutions. When considering the case when a, b, c are sides of an acute triangle, it is proved that Fermat's equation has no entire solutions for p>2. The numbers a=k, b=k+m, c=k+n, where k, m, n are natural numbers satisfying the inequalities n>m, n<k+m, exhaust all possible variants of natural numbers a, b, c which are the sides of the triangle.
The proof in this case is carried out by introducing a new auxiliary function f(k,p)=kp+(k+m)p–(k+n)p of two variables, which is a polynomial of degree in the variable . The study of this function necessary for the proof of the theorem is carried out. A special case of Fermat’s last theorem is proved, when the variables a, b, c take consecutive integer values. The proof of Fermat’s last theorem was carried out in two stages. Namely, all possible values of natural numbers k, m, n, p were considered, satisfying the following conditions: firstly, the number (np–mp) is odd, and secondly, this number is even, where the number (np–mp) is a free member of the function f(k, p).
Another proof of Fermat’s last theorem is proposed, in which all possible relationships between the supposed integer solution of the equation f(k, p)=0 and the number corresponding to this supposed solution are considered.
The proof is carried out using the mathematical apparatus of the theory of integers, elements of higher algebra and the foundations of mathematical analysis. These studies are a continuation of the author's works, in which some special cases of Fermat’s last theorem are proved
Study of the secondary characteristics of the bistatic scattering of a combined object in a covert radar surveillance system
Authors: Horielyshev Stanislav , Volkov Pavlo , Boikov Igor , Baulin Dmitro , Ivanets Hryhorii , Nakonechnyi Aleksandr , Manzhura Svyatoslav , Yuriev Valentyn , Gleizer Natalia 
Published: August 2022

The emergence of new means of attack, reconnaissance and methods of sabotage imposes special requirements on the technical means of protecting important state facilities (ISF). Modern trends in the construction of ISF physical protection systems are the integration of engineering barriers, perimeter signaling and detection tools. Detection tools should provide covert receipt of information about the approach of the intruder in "distant" intrigues. To do this, it is possible to use technical means built on the principle of semi-active bistatic radar with an external illumination source. However, in order to identify intruders in the ISF protection zone, it is necessary to have a priori information about the radar visibility of the combined location objects. The combined object is typically a complex object having both metallic and dielectric elements.
To this end, a technique has been developed for estimating the radar cross-section (RCS) of combined objects in the field of external illumination. The electromagnetic field (EMF) scattered by a combined object in the meter and decimeter wavelength ranges is calculated as a coherent sum of fields, taking into account their phase, scattered by its metal and dielectric elements. This made it possible to take into account the electromagnetic interaction of the elements of the combined object. The method of integral equations (IE) was used to find the current density and magnetic field strength.
The scatter diagrams of the person-intruder, the person-intruder in personal armor protection (PAP) under different conditions of irradiation and reception and illumination frequencies are obtained and analyzed. This made it possible to evaluate the effect of metallic elements on the scatter diagram of the combined object.
The obtained a priori information is of significant practical importance at the stage of optimizing signal processing algorithms and designing new means of covert detection
Highlighting the role of the model user and physical interpretation in urban flooding simulation
Authors: de Sousa Matheus Martins , de Oliveira Antonio Krishnamurti Beleño , Rezende Osvaldo Moura , de Magalhães Paula Morais Canedo , Pitzer Jacob Ana Caroline , de Magalhães Paulo Canedo , Miguez Marcelo Gomes 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Technological evolution survey allowed the broad use of 2D mathematical models for flood simulation. However, it is possible that the answer required for a given problem does not need a 2D approximation or even does not configure a 2D surface solution. Urban flood simulations may fall in this second case, since urban structures may interact with flood flows and introduce discontinuities in the surface solution. This study aims to highlight the discussion about the physical interpretation and the modeller role as key elements in the interpretation and representation of physical systems. To support this proposal, the MODCEL, a Quasi-2D flow-cell model, was used in two different ways: in a detailed raster approach, similarly to usual 2D model uses; and in an alternative conceptual and interpretive way, using larger cells representing homogeneous portions of the territory. The modelling results showed that equivalent responses can be obtained. Although other models can be used and could offer different absolute results, the relative analysis offered sufficient support to the research hypothesis that a physical-based process conducted by a conscient modeller is crucial for model reliability and optimization.
Research Progress on Small Molecules Inhibitors Targeting TRK
Kinases
Authors: Liu Ju , Zhang Yadong , Zhu Yan , Tian Lu , Tang Mingrui , Shen Jiwei , Chen Ye , Ding Shi 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Trk gene fusions are an important driver in the development of cancers, including secretory breast cancer and infantile congenital sarcoma. Since the first-generation of small molecule Trk inhibitors (Larotrectinib and Entrectinib) came to market, research on small molecule TRK inhibitors, especially second-generation inhibi-tors that break through the resistance problem, has developed rapidly. Therefore, this arti-cle focuses on the research progress of first-generation drugs and second-generation drugs that break through drug resistance.

Methods:
We used the database to search for relevant and cutting-edge documents, and then filtered and selected them based on the content. The appropriate articles were ana-lyzed and classified, and finally, the article was written according to the topics.

Result:
The phenomenon of Trk protein fusion and its relation to tumors are described, followed by an explanation of the composition and signaling pathways of Trk kinases. The representative Trk inhibitors and the development of novel Trk inhibitors are classi-fied according to whether they overcome drug resistance problems.

Conclusion:
This paper provides a theoretical reference for the development of novel in-hibitors by introducing and summarizing the representative and novel Trk inhibitors that break through the drug resistance problem.
The Role of miRNAs in Metabolic Diseases
Authors: Macvanin Mirjana , Obradovic Milan , Zafirovic Sonja , Stanimirovic Julijana , Isenovic Esma R. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract:
Metabolic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance
are characterized by glucose and lipid metabolism alterations and represent a global
health problem. Many studies have established the crucial role of micro-ribonucleic
acids (miRNAs) in controlling metabolic processes in various tissues. miRNAs are single-
stranded, highly conserved non-coding RNAs containing 20-24 oligonucleotides that
are expressed in a tissue-specific manner. miRNAs mainly interact through base pairing
with 3' untranslated regions of target gene mRNAs to promote inhibition of their translation.
miRNAs regulate the expression of as many as 30% of the human genes and have a
role in crucial physiological processes such as human growth and development, cell proliferation,
apoptosis, and metabolism. The number of miRNA molecules with a confirmed
role in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases is quickly expanding due to the
availability of high-throughput methodologies for their identification. In this review, we
present recent findings regarding the role of miRNAs as endocrine signaling molecules
involved in the regulation of insulin production and fat metabolism. We discuss the potential
of extracellular miRNAs present in biological fluids miRNAs as biomarkers for the
prediction of diabetes and MetS. We also give an updated overview of therapeutic interventions
based on antisense oligonucleotides and the CRISPR/Cas9 editing platform for
manipulating levels of miRNAs involved in metabolic disorders.
Role of Long Non-Coding RNA in Regulating ER Stress Response to the
Progression of Diabetic Complications
Authors: Ramkumar Kunka Mohanram , Vijayalalitha Ramanarayanan , Archita TCA , Juanitaa George Raj , Jayasuriya Ravichandran , Amin Karan Naresh 
Published: August 2022

Abstract:
Chronic hyperglycemia damages the nerves, blood vessels, culminating in other vascular complications. Such complications enhance cytokine, oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. ER is the primary organelle where proteins are synthesised and attains confirmatory changes before its site of destination. Perturbation of ER homeostasis activates signaling sensors within its lumen, the unfolded protein response (UPR) that orchestrates ER stress and is extensively studied. Increased ER stress markers are reported in diabetic complications in addition to lncRNA that acts as an upstream marker inducing ER stress response. This review focuses on the mechanisms of lncRNA that regulate ER stress markers, especially during the progression of diabetic complications. Through this systemic review, we showcase the dysfunctional lncRNAs that acts as a leading cause of ER stress response on the progression of diabetic complications.
Sevoflurane Post-treatment Mitigates Oxygen-glucose Deprivationinduced
Pyroptosis of Hippocampal Neurons by Regulating the
Mafb/DUSP14 Axis
Authors: Chen Chen , Zuo Jianwei , Zhang Huimei 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Ischemic brain injury often results in irreversible pyroptosis of neurons.
Sevoflurane (Sevo) post-treatment exerts an alleviative role in neuroinflammation.

Objectives:
This work evaluated the mechanism of Sevo post-treatment in oxygen-glucose deprivation
(OGD)-induced pyroptosis of rat hippocampal neurons.

Methods:
Rat hippocampal neuron cell line H19-7 cells were treated with OGD, followed by posttreatment
of 2% Sevo. The expression patterns of Mafb ZIP Transcription Factor B (Mafb) and dual-
specificity phosphatase 14 (DUSP14) were determined via quantitative real-time polymerase
chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting methods. H19-7 cell viability and the release of
lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were examined via the cell counting kit-8 and LDH assay kits. Levels
of pyroptosis-related proteins and cytokines NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3
(NLRP3), N-term cleaved Gasdermin-D (GSDMD-N), cleaved-caspase-1, interleukin (IL)-1β, and
IL-18 were also examined. The binding relation between Mafb and the DUSP14 promoter was detected.
Besides, the roles of Mafb/DUSP14 in OGD-induced pyroptosis of rat hippocampal neurons
were investigated through functional rescue experiments.

Results:
Mafb and DUSP14 expression levels were decreased in OGD-induced hippocampal neurons.
Sevo post-treatment up-regulated Mafb and DUSP14, facilitated H19-7 cell viability, inhibited
LDH release, and reduced levels of NLRP3, GSDMD-N, cleaved-caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18. Mafb
increased DUSP14 expression via binding to the DUSP14 promoter. Repressing Mafb or DUSP14
exacerbated pyroptosis of hippocampal neurons.

Conclusion:
Sevo post-treatment increased Mafb and DUSP14 expressions, which repressed OGDinduced
pyroptosis of hippocampal neurons.