bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contribution of climate change and urbanization to the variation of extreme precipitation in the urban agglomerations over the Loess Plateau
Authors: Wei Na , Wang Ninglian , Zheng Yurong , Liu Huimin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWith global warming and rapid urbanization, urban agglomerations (UAs) over the Loess Plateau (LP) are suffering from various urban disasters. Urbanization has aggravated the decreasing trends of extreme precipitation in Taiyuan and Xi'an UAs and enhanced the increasing trends of extreme precipitation in Luoyang, Hohhot and Xining UAs during 1979–2018. Meanwhile, the number of light rain days decreases in almost all the cities, indicating the sensitivity of light rain days to urbanization. Climate change is a primary contributor to the change of urban precipitation during 1979–2000 in this region. But, the contribution of urbanization has been increasing gradually since 2000, and it further amplifies the influence of climate change. In terms of physical mechanisms, rapidly increasing surface temperatures and aerosol particles are closely related to urban precipitation. Our findings provide a systematic understanding of the urbanization effects on extreme precipitation over the LP, playing an important role in the mitigation of future urban disasters.
The willingness for cervical cancer screening among sexually active women in Indonesia: Lesson learned from two districts
Authors: Setiawan Didik , Miranti Irmas , Partiwi Tri Devi , Puspitasari Dwi Anggraeni , Ramadhan Filza Nugraheni 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the factors that affect women’s willingness at childbearing age to detect/screen for cervical cancer.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was carried out on sexually active women, aged 30–50 years residing in Banyumas and Gunung Kidul Districts, Indonesia. There were 600 respondents. This study focused on the impact of knowledge, access to health information, and support of their husband on the willingness to undergo early detection of cervical cancer.ResultsThis study revealed that there was a statistically significant difference (P = 0.000) between the women who were willing and unwilling to do the screening in terms of higher knowledge (64.67% and 36.21%), obtained access to the information (80.43% and 54.74%), and supported by their husband (63.59% and 29.31%). This study also discovered that the willingness to be screened was significantly affected by spousal support (odds ratio [OR] 4.19, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.81–6.27). Other factors, such as education level (OR 2.94, 95% CI 1.20–6.63), knowledge (OR 2.29, 95% CI 1.52–3.44), and access to information (OR 2.08, 95% CI 1.34–3.24), were also important drivers.ConclusionTo improve the coverage of cervical screening, several aspects could be treated, including education, knowledge, access to information, and spousal support.
Snout cutis of the domestic pig (Sus scrofa domesticus, Linnaeus, 1758): Using light and transmission electron microscopy
Authors: Hanafy Basma G. , Abumandour Mohamed M. A. , Massoud Ehab , Morsy Kareem , El‐kott Attalla , Bassuoni Naglaa F. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe current study was designed to give microscopic view on the snout skin of the domestic pig (Sus scrofa domesticus) to clear its adaptations with the function of exploring for the food and pushing the objects. This study carried out on the snout skin of apparently healthy 1 year five pigs (Sus Scrofa) and examined under the light and transmission electron microscopy. Our results clarify that the snout skin cutis composed of the epidermis and the dermis. The epidermis consisted of stratum corneum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, and stratum basale. The stratum corneum and the stratum spinosum appeared thicker than other parts. The dermis consisted of a reticular and a papillary dermis. For tightness junction between the dermis and the epidermis, the hemidesmosomes were observed, while the desmosomes were presented in abundant numbers at the level of stratum basale to ensure the adhesion between the keratinocytes. The merocrine sweat glands were observed in abundant numbers to provide the wetness of the snout to avoid its injury from friction during food exploring or pushing of the objects. We concluded that the adaptation of the snout skin with the environmental condition surrounding the studied domestic pig.
Medium branched chain fatty acids improve the profile of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates in mitochondrial fatty acid β‐oxidation deficient cells: A comparative study
Authors: Karunanidhi Anuradha , Van't Land Clinton , Rajasundaram Dhivyaa , Grings Mateus , Vockley Jerry , Mohsen Al‐Walid 
Published: January 2022

AbstractInherited errors of mitochondrial fatty acid β‐oxidation (FAO) are life threatening, even with optimum care. FAO is the major source of energy for heart and is critical for skeletal muscles especially during physiologic stress. Clinical trials revealed that triheptanoin (commercially known as Dojolvi; C7G), improved heart function and decreased hypoglycemia in long chain FAO disorders, but other symptoms including rhabdomyolysis persisted, suggesting suboptimal tissue distribution/utilization of heptanoic acid (C7) conjugates and/or rapid liver breakdown. In this study, medium branched chain fatty acids were tested as potential anaplerotic treatments in fibroblasts from patients deficient in very long chain acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase (VLCAD), long chain 3‐hydroxyacyl‐CoA dehydrogenase (LCHAD), trifunctional protein (TFP), and carnitine palmitoyltransferase II (CPT II). Cells were cultured to near confluency and treated with C7, 2,6‐dimethylheptanoic acid (dMC7), 6‐amino‐2,4‐dimethylheptanoic acid (AdMC7), or 4,8‐dimethylnonanoic acid (dMC9) for 72 h and targeted metabolomics performed. The profile of TCA cycle intermediates was improved in cells treated with these branched chain fatty acids compared with C7. Intracellular propionate was higher in AdMC7 treated cells compared with C7 in VLCAD, LCHAD, and TFP deficient cell lines. With AdMC7 treatment, succinate was higher in CPT II and VLCAD deficient cells, compared with C7. Malate and glutamate were consistently higher in AdMC7 treated VLCAD, LCHAD, TFP, and CPT II deficient cells compared with the C7 treatment. The results provide the impetus to further evaluate and consider branched chain fatty acids as viable anaplerotic therapy for fatty acid oxidation disorders and other diseases.
Loving or loathing? A power‐dependency explanation for narcissists' social acceptance in the workplace
Authors: Xu Erica , Huang Xu , Robinson Sandra L. , Ouyang Kan 
Published: January 2022

SummaryResearch on the social consequences of narcissism points to an intriguing paradox: narcissists are socially aversive and destructive to healthy interpersonal relationships; yet, narcissists also have an ability to be socially magnetic and attractive. This raises the question we seek to answer in this paper: Are narcissists socially accepted by coworkers in the workplace, and if so, when? Drawing on the social‐constructionist perspective and power‐dependence theory, we propose that others' dependency on narcissists plays a critical role in determining narcissists' social acceptance in the workplace. Results from two time‐lagged independent studies suggest that narcissists with a high level of expertise status experience less ostracism than non‐narcissists, particularly in a group with high group goal interdependence; by contrast, narcissists who are perceived to lack expertise status experience greater ostracism than non‐narcissists, particularly in a group with low group goal interdependence. In Study 2, in addition to ostracism, we also examined social inclusion and popularity of narcissists, and we found that narcissists with high expertise status are more likely to be social included and to become popular, particularly in a group with a high level of group goal interdependence.
The role of Meteorin‐like in skeletal development and bone fracture healing
Authors: Huang Rong , Balu Abhinav R. , Molitoris Kristin H. , White James P. , Robling Alexander G. , Ayturk Ugur M. , Baht Gurpreet S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMeteorin‐like protein (Metrnl), homologous to the initially identified neurotrophic factor Meteorin, is a secreted, multifunctional protein. Here we used mouse models to investigate Metrnl's role in skeletal development and bone fracture healing. During development Metrnl was expressed in the perichondrium and primary ossification center. In neonates, single cell RNA‐seq of diaphyseal bone demonstrated strongest expression of Metrnl transcript by osteoblasts. In vitro, Metrnl was osteoinductive, increasing osteoblast differentiation and mineralization in tissue culture models. In vivo, loss of Metrnl expression resulted in no change in skeletal metrics in utero, at birth, or during postnatal growth. Six‐week‐old Metrnl‐null mice displayed similar body length, body weight, tibial length, femoral length, BV/TV, trabecular number, trabecular thickness, and cortical thickness as littermate controls. In 4‐month‐old mice, lack of Metrnl expression did not change structural stiffness, ultimate force, or energy to fracture of femora under 3‐point‐bending. Last, we investigated the role of Metrnl in bone fracture healing. Metrnl expression increased in response to tibial injury, however, loss of Metrnl expression did not affect the amount of bone deposited within the healing tissue nor did it change the structural parameters of healing tissue. This work identifies Metrnl as a dispensable molecule for skeletal development. However, the osteoinductive capabilities of Metrnl may be utilized to modulate osteoblast differentiation in cell‐based orthopedic therapies.
Phenolic composition, antioxidant and antiacetylcholinesterase activities of Opuntia ficus‐indica peel and flower teas after in vitro gastrointestinal digestion
Authors: Amrane‐Abider Meriem , Nerín Cristina , Tamendjari Abderezak , Serralheiro Maria Luísa M 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe flowers and peels of cactus Opuntia ficus‐indica (OFI) are by‐products generally discarded. Their beneficial properties have been linked to the chemical composition without taking into account its transformations during digestion. This study evaluated and compared the phenolic composition, antioxidant and antiacetylcholinesterase activities of OFI peel and flower teas before and after in vitro gastrointestinal digestion.RESULTSResults showed that OFI peel tea was a source of natural phenolic compounds and carotenoids, while OFI flower tea was a source of flavonoids. Both OFI peel and flower teas exhibited high antioxidant activities (AAs) measured by several tests [1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH•), reducing power (RP), hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity (HPSA)]. Flower teas presented a higher antiacetylcholinesterase inhibition percentage than peel teas. Significant decreases of acetylcholinesterase and AAs were obtained under in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. Fourteen phenolic compounds typical of phenolic acids and flavonoids were identified in both teas. These compounds seemed to be more affected by pancreatic than by the gastric conditions.CONCLUSIONOFI peel tea has been found as a source of natural phenolic compounds and carotenoids, while OFI dry flower tea as a source of flavonoids. The OFI flower tea phytochemicals were more stable than peel tea during the digestive process. These findings suggest that peels and flowers of OFI should be considered as sources of healthy ingredients. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
New glucogenesis inhibition model based on complete α‐glucosidases from rat intestinal tissues validated with various types of natural and pharmaceutical inhibitors
Authors: Kim Do Kyoung , Lee Byung‐Hoo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDInhibition of intestinal α‐glucosidases from rat intestinal acetone powder (RIAP) has been widely used in research focused on regulating glucogenesis to be applied as a strategy to control obesity and type II diabetes. However, the crude extract has different compositions of α‐glucosidases than a complete RIAP suspension due to enzymes anchored on the intestinal tissues after the extraction. Here, the inhibitory effects of different pharmaceutical and food‐grade inhibitors on the enzymes in the RIAP suspension were investigated.RESULTSInstead of crude extracts from RIAP, the RIAP suspension without the extraction process was applied to optimize the α‐glucosidase inhibitory model by pharmaceutical/natural inhibitors. The results clearly showed that the half‐maximal inhibitory concentration ratios of four individual α‐glucosidases by various inhibitors were different between the RIAP suspension and the crude extract. In particular, isomaltase from the RIAP suspension required more inhibitors than the crude extraction did, as this enzyme is still anchored to the remaining intestinal tissue from the extraction process.CONCLUSIONThe crude extract from RIAP contains only a portion of the enzymes, which poses limitations for determining the precise inhibitory properties by various types of enzyme inhibitors. On the contrary, an in vitro assay with RIAP suspension that has all the α‐glucosidases is a more suitable method for determining digestibility of glycemic carbohydrates. This new approach can be applied to the development of natural/synthetic α‐glucosidase inhibitors to attenuate the postprandial glycemic response more accurately. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Elemental and macromolecular composition of the marine Chloropicophyceae, a major group of oceanic photosynthetic picoeukaryotes
Authors: Ebenezer Vinitha , Hu Yingyu , Carnicer Olga , Irwin Andrew J. , Follows Michael J. , Finkel Zoe V. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractChloropicophyceae (Prasinophyte Clade VII) are small nonmotile coccoid cells with cell diameters ranging from 1 to 3 μm. Molecular surveys indicate they are relatively high in abundance in moderately oligotrophic oceanic waters and may substantively contribute to biogeochemical cycling in the sea. Here, we quantify the elemental and macromolecular composition of three subtropical Chloropicophyceae strains: Chloropicon mariensis, Chloropicon maureeniae, and Chloropicon roscoffensis under nutrient‐sufficient exponential growth and nitrate starvation. Under nutrient‐sufficient conditions the Chloropicophyceae are high in C : N and quite low in C : P and N : P relative to the canonical Redfield ratio, reflecting their relatively high nucleic acid composition compared to many other phytoplankton taxa. Nitrate starvation causes increases in C : N and C : P and decreases in N : P, primarily due to increases in carbohydrate and lipid and decreases in protein and RNA. There is genetic evidence that unlike most other green algae, Chloropicophyceae are diploid. The high nucleic acid content in the Chloropicon is consistent with the hypothesis that the nucleus, as a nonscalable component, takes up a larger and substantial proportion of cell mass in diploid picoeukaryotes. The elemental and macromolecular composition of these Chloropicophyceae, and relatively homeostatic response to N‐starvation compared to diatoms, provides some insight into their success in the moderately oligotrophic ocean.
Multilayer Graphene/PDMS Composite Gradient Materials for High‐Efficiency Photoresponse Actuators
Authors: Li Bowen , Zhang Yanqian , Li Tengfei , Yu Haiping , Guo Qiuquan , Hu Mingjun , Yang Jun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSmart actuating materials have a wide range of applications in artificial muscles, soft robots, and flexible electronics. The preparation of highly sensitive and reliable actuators is a top priority in this regard. In this work, a multilayer graphene/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) composite gradient material is designed and prepared by a simple in situ stacking and curing method for high‐efficiency photoresponse actuator. The typical gradient structured material consists of a pure PDMS film and multiple graphene/PDMS composite films with monotonically varying graphene concentration. Attributed to gradient structure design and high photothermal conversion efficiency of graphene, the actuator shows the enhanced photoresponse properties. Through theoretical modeling, finite element analysis and experiments, it is confirmed that with increasing the stacked layer number at the same total thickness, the gradient structured actuator can present a better actuation performance. In addition, the film thickness and the concentration of graphene are also found to have an obvious effect on the actuating behavior, enabling the deflection over 90°. The applications of the actuator as a cantilever beam, a soft crawling robot and a smart gripper are also demonstrated. This provides a new design idea for further improving the actuation performance of the soft actuator.
Conjugated Polyelectrolyte/Bacteria Living Composites in Carbon Paper for Biocurrent Generation
Authors: Vázquez Ricardo Javier , McCuskey Samantha R. , Quek Glenn , Su Yude , Llanes Luana , Hinks Jamie , Bazan Guillermo C. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSuccessful practical implementation of bioelectrochemical systems (BES) requires developing affordable electrode structures that promote efficient electrical communication with microbes. Recent efforts have centered on immobilizing bacteria with organic semiconducting polymers on electrodes via electrochemical methods. This approach creates a fixed biocomposite that takes advantage of the increased electrode's electroactive surface area (EASA). Here, it is demonstrated that a biocomposite comprising the water‐soluble conjugated polyelectrolyte CPE‐K and electrogenic Shewanella oneidensis MR‐1 can self‐assemble with carbon paper electrodes, thereby increasing its biocurrent extraction by ≈6‐fold over control biofilms. A ≈1.5‐fold increment in biocurrent extraction is obtained for the biocomposite on carbon paper relative to the biocurrent extracted from gold‐coated counterparts. Electrochemical characterization revealed that the biocomposite stabilized with the carbon paper more quickly than atop flat gold electrodes. Cross‐sectional images show that the biocomposite infiltrates inhomogeneously into the porous carbon structure. Despite an incomplete penetration, the biocomposite can take advantage of the large EASA of the electrode via long‐range electron transport. These results show that previous success on gold electrode platforms can be improved when using more commercially viable and easily manipulated electrode materials.
Strengthening the Intermolecular Interaction of Prototypical Semicrystalline Conjugated Polymer Enables Improved Photocurrent Generation at the Heterojunction
Authors: Liu Yuxuan , Zhou Ke , Zhou Xiaobo , Xue Wenyue , Bi Zhaozhao , Wu Hongbo , Ma Zaifei , Ma Wei 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe intra and intermolecular interactions (J‐ and H‐type aggregation) in the conjugated polymer films are found to readily facilitate the electron and hole transport, respectively. However, how those different aggregation types influence the photocurrent generation at the heterojunction is still mysterious, especially for the newly developed semicrystalline conjugated polymers. Here, the prototypical copolymer PM6 is used to tune the relative content of aggregation types with various halogen‐free processing solvents. Various measurements reveal that the toluene‐processed PM6 film exhibits the increased H‐aggregates and crystallinity in the π–π stacking direction compared to its o‐xylene‐ and trimethylbenzene (TMB)‐processed counterparts. This is partly resulted from the weak steric effect and good solubility in the PM6 solution prepared with toluene, which strengthens the intermolecular interaction of adjacent polymer segments. After analyzing the photovoltaic properties of PM6/Y6 bilayer devices, the faster charge carrier transport, smaller charge recombination, lower energy losses, and interfacial energetic disorder can be observed in the toluene‐processed device, leading to the synergistically improved short‐circuit current density (JSC) and open‐circuit voltage (VOC). These findings indicate the control of the molecular packing structure in terms of aggregation types is a powerful strategy to promote the photocurrent generation process at the conjugated polymer‐based heterojunction.
Self‐Assembly of Helical Polymers and Oligomers to Create Liquid Crystalline Alignment for Anisotropic NMR Parameters
Authors: Li Gao‐Wei , Wang Xiao‐Juan , Lei Xinxiang , Liu Na , Wu Zong‐Quan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe measurement of anisotropic residual dipolar couplings (RDCs) parameters for the structure elucidation of organic molecules relies on suitable alignment media. Employment of self‐assembled liquid crystalline systems to create anisotropic alignment can be an effective way to realize aligned samples and acquire RDCs. This Mini‐review highlights the recent advances on amino acid‐based helical polymers and supramolecular oligomers forming rigid, rod‐like structures that aggregate into ordered liquid crystalline phases, including amino acid‐based helical polyisocyanides, polyacetylenes, polypeptides, and oligopeptides assembled alignment media. The methodology for the determination of anisotropic liquid crystals is briefly discussed, and a summary of recent research progress in the enantiodifferentiation of helical polymers aligned media is followed. In addition, the self‐assembled mechanism of oligopeptides and their RDCs structural analysis are also described.
Optical 8‐ary phase shift keying modulation format generator based on three microring modulators
Authors: Singha Satyabrata , Bhowmik Sanjukta , Sinha Nitish , Bhowmik Bishanka Brata 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe have proposed an 8PSK modulator based on three microring modulators (MRM). The design consists of three MRMs, each with a radius of 11.1 μm. Of these three, two MRMs are connected in parallel and they together generate a quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) signal. While at the output port of the QPSK, a third MRM is connected in series works as an angle modulator, which is basically a 45° phase shift modulator; that is, the output of the MRM varies by 45° depending on the bit pattern fed to it, ‘0’or ‘1’ respectively. We have simulated and shown the performance of the proposed 8PSK modulator after transmitting the modulated signal through various lengths of optical. Constellation diagrams and eye diagrams at different fiber lengths are analyzed. Bit error rate (BER) versus optical signal to noise ratio curve shows that, 10−3 BER has been achieved at 13.5 dB optical signal to noise ratio.