bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biomimetic Super “Silicate” Phobicity and Superhydrophobicity of Ceramic Material
Authors: Song Wenjia , Major Zsuzsanna , Guo Yiqian , Karsch Stefan , Guo Hongbo , Ferenc Krausz , Fukumoto Masahiro , Dingwell Donald B. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPlants exhibit a huge variety of biologically functional surfaces with rather unique characteristics. Analysis and mimicking of the surface leaf of the lotus plant have recently been used to develop biomimetic water repellency surfaces. A functional ceramic coating with the “lotus leaf effect” is also an interesting option in aggressive environments to mitigate corrosion by natural silicate melts. Here, inspired by natural superhydrophobic surfaces, and through the application of femtosecond laser pulses, a ceramic surface is fabricated with a hierarchical nano/microstructure. This ceramic surface exhibits the combined effects of super “silicate” phobicity at high temperature and superhydrophobicity at room temperature. The capability of the laser‐irradiated TBC is attributed to resist wetting by both silicate melt and water to its lotus‐leaf‐like dual‐scale microstructure, emulating in particular the existence of nanoparticles. These findings may be an important step toward next‐generation jet engines with greatly reduced vulnerability to environmental siliceous debris and mitigate lunar or Mars regolith dust sticking to the landing vehicle in the rocket engine exhaust plume and anti‐slagging in coal‐fired power plants or further industries.
Ionic Liquids for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Wu Haixia , Li Zheng , Zhang Fangyong , Kang Chaoming , Li Yuelong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOrganic‐inorganic hybrid metal halide perovskite materials, as an emerging semiconductor, have been successfully used in the field of solar cells and currently achieved a record efficiency of 25.7% within a decade, surpassing the mature thin film photovoltaic technologies on the market. To further improve the stability and efficiency of the forthcoming commercialization of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), ionic liquids (IL) have been selectively applied to the field of PSCs due to its excellent properties including designability, thermal stability, and conductivity. In this review, by summarizing recent research progress, the mechanism is discussed as IL serve as precursor solvents, additives, interfacial modification layers, independent electron transport layers, and p‐type dopants. Finally, the future research trend of IL has been prospected.
Deep‐Ultraviolet LEDs Incorporated with SiO2‐Based Microcavities Toward High‐Speed Ultraviolet Light Communication
Authors: Yu Huabin , Memon Muhammad Hunain , Jia Hongfeng , Ding Yifan , Xiao Shudan , Liu Xin , Kang Yang , Wang Danhao , Zhang Haochen , Fang Shi , Gong Chen , Xu Zhengyuan , Ooi Boon S. , Sun Haiding 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOptical wireless communication (OWC) in the deep‐ultraviolet (DUV) band requires an efficient DUV light source with large bandwidth characteristics. In this work, a feasible approach is reported to enlarge the light output power as well as the bandwidth of a DUV light‐emitting diode (LED) by embedding a SiO2‐based microcavity on which an aluminum (Al) reflector is simultaneously deposited. Consequently, on the one hand, the microcavity with the Al‐reflector can facilitate photon escape from the LED to increase the light extraction efficiency, thus enhancing the light output power of the devices. On the other hand, the LED incorporated with a microcavity structure exhibits a reduced resistance–capacitance time constant, leading to an increase in the modulation bandwidth of the LED. Strikingly, the DUV LED incorporated with microcavities represents a significant enhancement of light output power by nearly 30% at 80 mA while exhibiting a higher modulation bandwidth of 12% in comparison to the conventional LED without microcavities. Thus, the implementation of the microcavity and Al reflector on top of a classic LED can enlarge the light output power and modulation bandwidth, eventually facilitating to establish viable high‐speed OWC systems.
Double‐Network Confined Supramolecular Phosphorescence Light‐Harvesting Boosting Photocatalysis
Authors: Yu Jie , Wang Hui , Liu Yu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA double‐network phosphorescence light‐harvesting (PLH) supramolecular system is successfully fabricated based on synergistic confinement strategy. First, the bicationic vinyl bromophenyl pyridine derivative (G) is encapsulated by cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]), inducing weak phosphorescence emission at 510 nm. Subsequently, the G/CB[8] is confined by in situ copolymerization with acrylamide, displaying enhanced phosphorescence emission, then coassembled with hyaluronic acid modified hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin (HA‐HP‐β‐CD) to form double‐network hydrogel, further improving phosphorescence lifetime from 442 µs upto 5.17 ms. Benefitting from the confinement of double‐network of supramolecular system, the doped Eosin Y (EY) as acceptor can be photosensitized by the phosphorescence of G/CB[8] leading to delayed fluorescence emission of EY with long lifetime as 36.4 µs. As compared with EY alone, by the synergistic effect of the confined microenvironment and long lifetime photosensitizer, the PLH system is successfully applied in cross‐coupling reaction and exhibits enhanced activity, providing a new strategy for the application of phosphorescence energy transfer boosting photocatalysis.
Carbon Nanodots Assisted Surface Engineering of GaN Photoanodes for Efficient and Stable Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation
Authors: Cha An‐Na , Burungale Vishal , Seong Chaewon , Bae Hyojung , Heo Jiwon , Rho Hokyun , Kim Sumin , Ju Jin‐Woo , Ha Jun‐Seok 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe process of transferring high‐quality graphene‐based films onto the surface of the electrode is very complicated and is one of the main bottlenecks in using graphene or graphene‐based protecting layers with semiconductors that are electrochemically vulnerable in harsh pH conditions. To address this, an approach is implemented for direct deposition of carbon nanodots on the surface of GaN electrodes, instead of graphene films. Instead of isolating the GaN surface from the electrolyte, the carbon nanodots function as a catalyst, expediting charge transfer at the electrode/electrolyte interface. This fast charge‐transfer process prevents accumulation of photoholes on the GaN surface, thereby improving stability. These photoholes, formed in the presence of basic electrolytes, are considered to be the main reason for photocorrosion. The effect of the surface dispersion of the carbon nanodots on the overall performance of the electrode is also studied. A significant improvement in the photocurrent density (0.44 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V vs RHE) is obtained for the optimized sample as compared to that of the bare GaN sample (0.34 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V vs RHE). Moreover, the stability performance is also improved, with almost 87% retention of the initial current value after 3 h of chronoamperometric measurements.
One‐Step Leapfrog Locally 1D Theory with Higher‐Order Enhanced Absorption for Fine‐Details Simulation
Authors: Wu Peiyu , Chen Jie , Xie Yongjun , Jiang Haolin , Natsuki Toshiaki 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBased on a higher‐order concept and one‐step leapfrog formulation, an unconditionally stable leapfrog locally 1D (LOD) perfectly matched layer (PML) is proposed to not only enhance the absorbing performance in terminating an unbounded finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) algorithm but also improve the computational efficiency compared with the LOD‐FDTD algorithm. Most precisely, the PML is implemented by the auxiliary differential equations method. By applying the proposed scheme to a 3D electromagnetics simulation, the proposal can utilize the unconditionally stable algorithm, one‐step leapfrog formulation, and higher‐order concept in terms of attenuating low‐frequency propagation waves, enhancing the performance, and improving the computational efficiency. Numerical examples including the magic‐T waveguide model, very large‐scale integration circuits, and the structure of metamaterials are investigated to further demonstrate the efficiency, performance, and unconditional stability. The results help conclude that the proposed scheme can attain better performance and efficiency when the time step far surpasses the Courant–Friedrichs–Lewy limit. Most importantly, by employing the one‐step leapfrog formulation in the LOD algorithm, the memory requirements and simulation duration can be reduced significantly, indicating the improvement of the algorithm compared with the published LOD schemes.
Modeling Interfacial Interaction between Gas Molecules and Semiconductor Metal Oxides: A New View Angle on Gas Sensing
Authors: Yuan Chenyi , Ma Junhao , Zou Yidong , Li Guisheng , Xu Hualong , Sysoev Victor V. , Cheng Xiaowei , Deng Yonghui 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWith the development of internet of things and artificial intelligence electronics, metal oxide semiconductor (MOS)‐based sensing materials have attracted increasing attention from both fundamental research and practical applications. MOS materials possess intrinsic physicochemical properties, tunable compositions, and electronic structure, and are particularly suitable for integration and miniaturization in developing chemiresistive gas sensors. During sensing processes, the dynamic gas–solid interface interactions play crucial roles in improving sensors’ performance, and most studies emphasize the gas–MOS chemical reactions. Herein, from a new view angle focusing more on physical gas–solid interactions during gas sensing, basic theory overview and latest progress for the dynamic process of gas molecules including adsorption, desorption, and diffusion, are systematically summarized and elucidated. The unique electronic sensing mechanisms are also discussed from various aspects including molecular interaction models, gas diffusion mechanism, and interfacial reaction behaviors, where structure–activity relationship and diffusion behavior are overviewed in detail. Especially, the surface adsorption–desorption dynamics are discussed and evaluated, and their potential effects on sensing performance are elucidated from the gas–solid interfacial regulation perspective. Finally, the prospect for further research directions in improving gas dynamic processes in MOS gas sensors is discussed, aiming to supplement the approaches for the development of high‐performance MOS gas sensors.
Chemo‐Mechanical Energy Harvesters with Enhanced Intrinsic Electrochemical Capacitance in Carbon Nanotube Yarns
Authors: Oh Seongjae , Kim Keon Jung , Goh Byeonghwa , Park Chae‐Lin , Lee Gyu Dong , Shin Seoyoon , Lim Seungju , Kim Eun Sung , Yoon Ki Ro , Choi Changsoon , Kim Hyun , Suh Dongseok , Choi Joonmyung , Kim Shi Hyeong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPredicting and preventing disasters in difficult‐to‐access environments, such as oceans, requires self‐powered monitoring devices. Since the need to periodically charge and replace batteries is an economic and environmental concern, energy harvesting from external stimuli to supply electricity to batteries is increasingly being considered. Especially, in aqueous environments including electrolytes, coiled carbon nanotube (CNT) yarn harvesters have been reported as an emerging approach for converting mechanical energy into electrical energy driven by large and reversible capacitance changes under stretching and releasing. To realize enhanced harvesting performance, experimental and computational approaches to optimize structural homogeneity and electrochemical accessible area in CNT yarns to maximize intrinsic electrochemical capacitance (IEC) and stretch‐induced changes are presented here. Enhanced IEC further enables to decrease matching impedance for more energy efficient circuits with harvesters. In an ocean‐like environment with a frequency from 0.1 to 1 Hz, the proposed harvester demonstrates the highest volumetric power (1.6–10.45 mW cm−3) of all mechanical harvesters reported in the literature to the knowledge of the authors. Additionally, a high electrical peak power of 540 W kg−1 and energy conversion efficiency of 2.15% are obtained from torsional and tensile mechanical energy.
Kinetic Control of Ultrafast Transient Liquid Assisted Growth of Solution‐Derived YBa2Cu3O7‐x Superconducting Films
Authors: Rasi Silvia , Queraltó Albert , Banchewski Juri , Saltarelli Lavinia , Garcia Diana , Pacheco Adrià , Gupta Kapil , Kethamkuzhi Aiswarya , Soler Laia , Jareño Julia , Ricart Susagna , Farjas Jordi , Roura‐Grabulosa Pere , Mocuta Cristian , Obradors Xavier , Puig Teresa 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTransient liquid assisted growth (TLAG) is an ultrafast non‐equilibrium growth process mainly governed by kinetic parameters, which are only accessible through fast in situ characterizations. In situ synchrotron X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and in situ electrical resistivity measurements are used to derive kinetic diagrams of YBa2Cu3O7−x (YBCO) superconducting films prepared via TLAG and to reveal the unique peculiarities of the process. In particular, diagrams for the phase evolution and the YBCO growth rates have been built for the two TLAG routes. It is shown that TLAG transient liquids can be obtained upon the melting of two barium cuprate phases (and not just one), differentiated by their copper oxidation state. This knowledge serves as a guide to determine the processing conditions to reach high performance films at high growth rates. With proper control of these kinetic parameters, films with critical current densities of 2–2.6 MA cm−2 at 77 K and growth rates between 100–2000 nm s−1 are reached. These growth rates are 1.5–3 orders of magnitude higher than those of conventional methods.
Design Strategies for Strain‐Insensitive Wearable Healthcare Sensors and Perspective Based on the Seebeck Coefficient
Authors: Xin Yangyang , Zhou Jian , Nesser Hussein , Lubineau Gilles 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLarge healthcare markets have been created in highly developed economies to improve the quality of life. Wearable healthcare sensors are attracting considerable interest because of their 24 h real‐time monitoring capability, which make them useful in the detection of potential diseases. To guide the diagnosis, these sensors are designed to monitor various physical (e.g., pressure, temperature, strain, touch, bioelectricity, etc...) or chemical (e.g., glucose, oxygen, bacteria, viruses, proteins, etc...) quantities. In order to be comfortable to wear for a longer period of time, the sensors must be made with good stretchability to conformably deform with human organs. However, high stretchability always brings the problem that the measurement is very often polluted by the deformation of the substrate, making the data unreliable. According to each the sensor mechanism, multiple strain‐insensitive design strategies compatible with large deformations of the human body are discussed and the performance of these strategies are comprehensively analyzed. Then, how the intrinsic strain insensitivity of the Seebeck coefficient of nanomaterial percolation networks can define an alternative promising strategy is demostrated. Finally, the outlooks for future research and challenges in realizing strain‐insensitive sensors by applying the Seebeck effect are reported.
Computational Associative Memory with Amorphous Metal‐Oxide Channel 3D NAND‐Compatible Floating‐Gate Transistors
Authors: Sun Chen , Li Chao , Samanta Subhranu , Han Kaizhen , Zheng Zijie , Zhang Jishen , Kong Qiwen , Xu Haiwen , Zhou Zuopu , Chen Yue , Zhuo Cheng , Ni Kai , Yin Xunzhao , Gong Xiao 
Published: September 2022

Abstract3D NAND has been enabling continuous NAND density and cost scaling beyond conventional 2D NAND since sub‐20‐nm nodes. However, its poly‐Si channel suffers from low mobility, instability caused by grain boundaries, and large device‐to‐device variations in electrical characteristics at highly scaled device dimensions. These drawbacks can be overcome by introducing an amorphous indium‐gallium‐zinc‐oxide (a‐IGZO) channel, which has the advantages of ultralow OFF current, back‐end‐of‐line compatibility, higher mobility than poly‐Si, and free of grain boundaries due to the amorphous nature. In this work, ultrascaled floating‐gate (FG) transistors with a channel length down to 60 nm are reported, achieving the highest ON current of 127 µA µm−1among all reporteda‐IGZO‐based flash devices for high‐density, low‐power, and high‐performance 3D NAND applications. Furthermore, a nonvolatile and area‐efficient ternary content‐addressable memory (TCAM) with only two parallel‐connecteda‐IGZO FG transistors is experimentally demonstrated to address the TCAM scalability issue. Experimentally calibrated array‐level simulations show that this design achieves at least a 240 × array‐size scalability and a 2.7‐fold reduction in search energy than TCAMs based on complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor technology using 16 transistors, two‐transistor‐two‐resistive random access memory, and two‐ferroelectric field‐effect‐transistor.
Stacked One‐Selector‐One‐Resistive Memory Crossbar Array With High Nonlinearity and On‐Current Density for the Neuromorphic Applications
Authors: Woo Hyo Cheon , Kim Jihun , Lee Sunwoo , Kim Hae Jin , Hwang Cheol Seong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA crossbar array using resistive switching random‐access memory requires a selector device to prevent leakage current. However, the high current flow during the electroforming and first reset process (switching from a low resistance state to a high resistance state) can degrade the selector device. Ruthenium dioxide, a conducting oxide electrode with low oxygen affinity preventing excess oxygen vacancy in a dielectric, is used as a selector electrode to acquire a TiO2‐based nonlinear selector that endures a high current flow. The selector shows high nonlinearity (≈7 × 104), high forward and reverse current ratio (≈5.5 × 102), and sufficient endurance (>107) in the one selector‐one resistive switching memory (1S1R) structure, where the HfO2 comprises the resistive switching memory. 9 × 9 crossbar array composed of the 1S1R device is used as neuromorphic hardware to classify simple characters by offline supervised learning. Further classification simulation of the rescaled Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology dataset shows 95.77% accuracy with achievable array structure.
Observation of Magnéli Phase Filament Formation in MoOx Artificial Synapse
Authors: Subin Pulickal Sasi , Antony Aldrin , Saji Kachirayil Joseph , Jayaraj Madambi Kunjukuttan Ezhuthachan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractArtificial synapses are the basic building block of artificial neural networks capable of neuromorphic computing, which might overtake conventional digital computing in areas like artificial intelligence, deep learning, and in‐memory computation. Neuromorphic computing with artificial synapses opens a new window for fast in‐memory computing and image processing. In this paper, an MoOx‐based artificial synapse that mimics almost all characteristics of bio‐synapses is demonstrated. The fabricated device shows excellent synaptic properties such as potentiation, depression, forgetting, paired‐pulse facilitation, and spike‐timing‐dependent plasticity. The mechanism behind all the observed characteristics has been well explained. A lateral‐type device is also designed and tested in order to confirm the conductance change during the application of electrical pulses. Energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis and Raman analysis reveal that the switching mechanism is primarily due to the formation and rupture of conducting filaments composed of Magnéli phases of MoOx. Since the fabricated ITO/MoOx/Ag artificial synapse exhibits excellent synaptic characteristics and the mechanism is thoroughly explored, this study will contribute to the fabrication of neural networks and future neuromorphic computing.
Charge‐Density Wave Driven Giant Thermionic‐Current Switching in 1T‐TaS2/2H‐TaSe2/2H‐MoS2 Heterostructure
Authors: Mahajan Mehak , Majumdar Kausik 
Published: September 2022

Abstract1T‐TaS2 exhibits several resistivity phases due to the modulation of charge density wave (CDW). The fact that such phase transition can be driven electrically has attracted a lot of attention in the recent past toward active‐metal based electronics. However, the bias‐driven resistivity switching is not very large (less than five‐fold), and an enhancement in the same will highly impact such phase transition devices. One aspect that is often overlooked is that such phase transition is also accompanied by a significant change in the local temperature due to the low thermal conductivity of 1T‐TaS2. In this work, such electrically driven phase transition induced temperature change is exploited to promote carriers over a thermionic barrier in a 1T‐TaS2/2H‐TaSe2/2H‐MoS2 T‐Junction, achieving a 964‐fold abrupt switching in the current through the MoS2 channel. The device is highly reconfigurable and exhibits an abrupt reduction in current as well when the biasing configuration changes. The results are promising for several electronic applications, including neuromorphic chips, switching, nonlinear devices, and industrial electronics such as current and temperature sensing.
Pt Atomic Layers Boosted Hydrogen Evolution Reaction in Nonacidic Media
Authors: Guo Yan , Hou Bo , Cui Xiangzhi , Liu Xingchen , Tong Xili , Yang Nianjun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPt‐based electrocatalysts exhibit high performance toward hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) since they can boost sluggish kinetics of water dissociation. To develop efficient Pt catalysts in nonacidic media, Pt electrocatalysts with a Rh core and a shell of a few Pt atomic layers (Rh@PtnL, n = 1, 2, 2.6) are designed. Ultrathin Pt atomic layers on a Rh core modulate electronic structures of Rh@PtnL electrocatalysts, generating a combined effect of ligand, compressive strain, and electron transfer. The Rh@PtnL electrocatalysts thus offer significantly higher HER activity in alkaline and neutral media than the RhPt alloy, Rh/C, and commercial Pt/C catalysts. The overpotential of a Rh@Pt2L electrocatalyst is only 5 mV at 10 mA cm−2 in 1.0 M KOH. The density functional theory calculations confirm that the excellent HER activity of this Rh@Pt2L electrocatalyst in nonacidic media is attributed to an enhanced hydrogen desorption and a decreased energetic barrier during the hydrogen generating process. These Rh@PtnL electrocatalysts shed the light on the design of advanced catalysts to efficiently produce green hydrogen in nonacidic media.
Creating Edge Sites within the 2D Metal‐Organic Framework Boosts Redox Kinetics in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Wang Xingbo , Zhao Chunrong , Liu Bingxue , Zhao Shangqian , Zhang Yongguang , Qian Lanting , Chen Zhongjun , Wang Jiantao , Wang Xin , Chen Zhongwei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLithium–sulfur batteries have received extensive interest owing to their exceptionally high energy density. Nonetheless, their practical implementation is still impeded by the shuttle effect of polysulfides and sluggish conversion kinetics. Considering that, a porous 2D defective zeolitic imidazolate framework‐7 (ZIF‐7) with abundant active edges is rationally designed as multifunctional sulfur carriers for Li–S batteries. The 2D ZIF‐7 enables uniform distribution of sulfur and rapid Li‐ion diffusion, while rich edges facilitate sufficient exposure to active sites capturing and catalyzing polysulfides. In addition, the nitrogen defects on edge sites can further accelerate the transformation of polysulfides and decrease the energy barrier of Li2S decomposition. Consequently, the Li–S batteries demonstrate surprisingly practical prospects with a stable capacity of 676.9 mAh g−1 over 500 cycles at 1 C (capacity retention rate = 72.3%). When assembled into a pouch cell at 2.3 mg cm−2, it still exhibits a high capacity of 901.1 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at 0.1 C. This work offers a rational structural design strategy to tackle the challenges of the sulfur cathode.