bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the 1% and 2% Pilocarpine Mouthwash in Xerostomic Patients, a Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Motamed Babak , Alaee Arezoo , Azizi Arash , Jahandar Hoda , Fard Mohammad Javad Kharazi , Jafari Aryan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Aims & Background: Pilocarpine is an accepted treatment for xerostomia, but limited research has been conducted on the oral topical form. This study aimed to compare the effect of 1% and 2% pilocarpine mouthwash in xerostomic patients. Methods: In this double-blind clinical trial study, 48 patients with xerostomia referred to were randomly divided into three groups to measure the effect of 1% and 2% pilocarpine and placebo mouthwashes on saliva levels. The amount of saliva in the 1st and 14th days was measured at 0, 45, 60 and 75 minutes, while patients used their mouthwash three times a day for 14 days. On the 1st and 14th days, patients filled out information forms on xerostomia and drug side effects before and after the intervention. Results: On the 1st day, the mean salivary flow at 45, 60, and 75 minutes in the 2% and 1% pilocarpine mouthwash was significantly higher than the placebo mouthwash group (p<0.05). On the 14th day, the mean salivary flow time at 45 minutes in the 2% pilocarpine mouthwash group was significantly higher than the placebo mouthwash group (p=0.007). The mean salivary flow at 60 and 75 minutes in the 2% (p<0.001) and 1% pilocarpine mouthwash (p=0.028) was significantly higher than the placebo group. Also, in these two times, the salivary flow in the 2% pilocarpine mouthwash group was significantly higher than the 1% pilocarpine mouthwash (p<0.05). No side effects were observed in any of the patients.Conclusions: The study showed that 5 ml of 2% and 1% pilocarpine mouthwash for two weeks increased saliva flow in xerostomic patients, respectively, compared to placebo without any side effects.
Mesenchymal stem cells show time-dependent morphological changes and increased adhesion to degenerated cartilage
Authors: Tanimoto Takahiro , Endo Kentaro , Sakamaki Yuriko , Ozeki Nobutake , Katano Hisako , Mizuno Mitsuru , Koga Hideyuki , Sekiya Ichiro 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background

The possibility that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can adhere to partial defects or degenerative areas in cartilage remains to be established. The purposes of this study were to clarify the proportion of MSCs that might adhere to degenerated cartilage, the time course for adhesion, and the morphological changes occurring during the adhesion process.

Methods

Human MSCs were prepared from harvested knee synovium. The surface of a cylindrical piece of pig cartilage was abraded, and the MSC suspension was placed on the abraded surface. After 10 s, 10 min, or 1, 6, or 24 h, the suspension was washed off and the proportion/number of MSCs adhered to the cartilage was quantified by counting non-adhered MSCs, measuring the fluorescence intensity of DiI-labeled MSCs, and observing by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The presence of microspikes or pseudopodia on the MSCs adhered to the cartilage was also evaluated by SEM.

Results

SEM of the abraded surface revealed a sawtooth-like surface with similar fibrillations to those of osteoarthritis cartilage. The non-adhered cell counts indicated that 28% of the MSCs had adhered at 10 s, and this proportion increased to 90% at 6 h. The relative fluorescence intensity was 50% at 1 h and 100% at 24 h. SEM images showed cell counts of 6 cells per field at 10 s, and 290 cells at 1 h. Approximately 30% of the MSCs in suspension had microspikes, but this increased to 71% at 10 s after cell placement and then decreased to 50% at 10 min. SEM showed that MSCs with microspikes were entangled with frayed cartilage collagen fibers. The proportion of MSCs with pseudopodia was 0% in suspension and increased to 49% at 1 h.

Conclusions

MSCs in suspension adhered to degenerated cartilage after placement on the abraded surface. Three independent quantification methods confirmed increases in the proportion/number of adhered MSCs within 10 s of placement and over time up to 24 h. The MSCs that adhered from 10 s to 1 h had a high proportion of microspikes, whereas those that adhered after 1 h had a high proportion of pseudopodia.
The Current Situation of Discharged Patients with Cancer Pain in China: A Prospective Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Zhang Shiyi , Ma Xiaoxiao , Li Xin , Yu Wenhua , Yang Hong , Hao Lihua , Lu Yuhan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background and objectives: Many studies have focused on the quality of pain management in hospitalized patients with cancer pain, while what happens after discharge remains unclear. The purpose of this study is to explore pain conditions of discharged patients with cancer pain in China, to provide a theoretical basis for pain management demands, and finally to improve the quality of life for discharged patients by further research.Research design and methods: Based on an information system for the whole-process cancer pain management of a national cancer hospital in China, we conducted follow-up surveys by telephone for discharged patients with cancer pain who had been hospitalized from July 2020 to October 2021. Some information related to pain management after discharge was assessed and analyzed, including patient-reported background pain (BGP) and times of breakthrough pain (BTP) in the past 24 hours and degree of satisfaction with pain relief. Results: 1013 patients completed the surveys, with an average age of 61.30 (±12.56) years. Their residence addresses were distributed in 6 geographical regions, including 26 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions. Moderate and severe BGP was reported in 749 patients (73.94%), and more than 3 instances of BTP in the past 24 hours were reported in 541 patients (53.41%). More severe BGP was associated with more frequent the BTP (P<0.01). In addition, there were 572 patients (56.47%) whose satisfaction degree of pain relief was lower than 70%. More severe BGP was associated with a lower satisfaction degree (r = -0.796, P<0.01). Conclusion: The findings indicate that the pain of discharged patients with cancer pain is poorly managed in China, and there is a low degree of satisfaction with pain relief. Therefore, a tailored pain management program for discharged patients with cancer pain should be developed.
Comparison of measured and predicted mesiodistal tooth-widths of 13-17 year old Kenyans: a descriptive cross-sectional study to develop a new prediction equation for use in the mixed dentition in a Kenyan population
Authors: Kerre Nduguyu , Ngesa James Lwanga , Ng'ang'a Peter , Kemoli Arthur Musakulu , Janella Bermudez , Seminario Ana Lucia 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: The Tanaka and Johnson equation is commonly used in mixed dentition analysis. However, the analysis is based on Caucasian population making clinical decisions challenging when used in different ethnic groups. This study developed a prediction equation based on a Kenyan population.Design: A descriptive cross-sectional study done in 68 13-17 year old Kenyans of African descent in two boarding secondary schools. Alginate impressions were taken, study models obtained, and mesiodistal tooth-widths measured on upper and lower study models from the first molar to the contralateral first molar. Descriptive, paired t-tests and independent t-tests were conducted and Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients calculated (p<0.05).Results: The mean age was 13.78 years (SD ±0.70), females were 59%. The mesiodistal tooth-widths of the permanent canines and premolars were different between males and females (p˂0.1). The Tanaka and Johnston equation significantly under-estimated the mesiodistal tooth-widths of the permanent canines and premolars (p˂0.05). The addition of lower first permanent molars to the permanent lower incisors provided higher correlation coefficients than the Tanaka Johnston equation. Conclusions: A new equation that includes the permanent lower incisors and first permanent molars as predictor teeth seems to be more suitable for mixed dentition analysis for this Kenyan population. A larger study is needed to validate these findings.
The Sensitivity and Specificity Comparison Between Stool Wet Mount and Kato-Katz Techniques for the Detection of Intestinal Helminths
Authors: Wolde Amsalu Mekonnen 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
In this study the efficiency and sensitivity of stool wet mount and Kato-Katz smear techniques for the diagnosis of intestinal helminthes were compared in order to detect the human intestinal helminths.
Objective
To assess the Sensitivity and Specificity between stool wet mount and Kato-Katz Techniques
Methodology
: A total of 200 stool specimens were collected from school children aged 6 to 16 from four primary schools randomly selected in Badessa woreda, West Hararghe Zone, Eastern Ethiopia. Each specimen was smeared on one slide for every technique with a normal saline for wet mount and a cellophane cover for Kato-Katz technique. The overall prevalence of the parasites in each school of the Woreda was determined.
Result
The overall sensitivity of both techniques was calculated. Finally the evaluation of Sensitivity and Specificity of both techniques was interpreted as Kato-Katz technique is more effective and sensitive than stool wet mount technique.
Conclusion
To detect the intestinal helminths especially from carriers and non-symptomatic patients Kato-Katz technique is the selective and sensitive method.
Trends of hepatitis B notification rates in Guangzhou, China, from 2006 to 2020: An epidemiological study
Authors: Liu Wei , Dong Zhiqiang , Hu Wensui , Li Ke , Sun Lili , Hou Jianrong , Jia Shijie , Liu Yuan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Although the prevalence of hepatitis B in Guangzhou, China, is high, the epidemiological trends have not been well-documented. We analysed the data of newly reported hepatitis B cases in Guangzhou from 2006–2020, to explore the epidemiological trend and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and development of control measures.Methods: Information on the population and new cases of hepatitis B in Guangzhou from 2006–2020 was obtained from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention, which was used to calculate the annual notification rates of hepatitis B by gender, age group (0–9; 10–19; 20–59; ≥60), and location (urban or rural). The joinpoint regression analysis was used to analyse the time trends and calculate the average annual percentage change (AAPC) and annual percentage change (APC) for each identified trend line segment. Results: From 2006 to 2020, 361,909 new cases of hepatitis B were cumulatively reported. The average annual reporting rate was 189.64/100,000, and after a sharp increase from 2006–2008 (APC: 29.99%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 12.14% to 50.67%), the notification rate showed a long-term downward trend from 2008–2018 (APC: -7.55%; 95% CI: -8.68% to -6.40%), with an average annual decrease of 1.27% (AAPC: -1.27%; 95% CI: -3.77% to 1.28%). Males had a significantly higher notification rate than females; however, the gender ratio decreased from a maximum of 2.53 in 2006 to a minimum of 1.54 in 2020. A downward trend in notification rate in urban areas and an upward trend in rural areas was observed, with an increase in the rural/urban ratio from 0.41 in 2006 to 1.57 in 2020. The notification rate for all age groups showed a downward trend year by year, except for the group ≥60 years, for whom it started to decrease from 2015. Conclusions: Although the overall notification rate of hepatitis B in Guangzhou was decreasing year by year, it was still high. Especially in rural areas, the notification rate has been increasing in recent years, and effective measures should be taken to control hepatitis B infection in Guangzhou.
Effects of pivot point and spacing on the aerodynamic characteristics of tilting biplane airfoils
Authors: Guo Ruixue , Pei Xinbiao , Qiao Zheng , Bai Yue 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The effects of pivot locations (xp/c) and spacing (ds=λc) between the biplane airfoils was studied using the numerical method. SST k-ω turbulence model and U-RANS equations were solved when adopting overset grids. The findings revealed the aerodynamic characteristics of tilting biplane airfoil existed phase lag under five fixed pivot points from LE to TE but if the wall effect in the gap was so strong, the hysteresis of CL,lower significantly collapse. Besides, CM curves drop as pivot moves upward comparing to coincident relative and increasing λ could improve total lift coefficients. These results could be explained from the view of vorticity evolution where LEV, SV and TEV showed diverse structures to induce dynamic stall. Additionally, with rearward movement of the pivot point, the emergence of identical flow structures was delayed, and thus aerodynamic characteristics had the high similarity under different xp/c and λ. Therefore, a concept of effective angle of attack of biplane airfoils was first proposed and its function introduced a new factor λ in order to study the backward shift of pivot point in the centerline.
PFKM inhibits doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by enhancing oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis
Authors: Zhou Min , Sun Xiao , Wang Chunli , Wang Fengdan , Fang Chuibi , Hu Zhenlei 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Heart failure (HF) is a global pandemic which affects about 26 million people. PFKM (Phosphofructokinase, Muscle), catalyzing the phosphorylation of fructose-6-phosphate, plays a very important role in cardiovascular diseases. However, the effect of PFKM in glycolysis and HF remains to be elucidated.Materials and methods: H9c2 rat cardiomyocyte cells were used in this study. Cells were treated with doxorubicin (DOX) to establish injury models. Cell viability was measured using CCK-8 kits. Apoptosis was estimated by TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling (TUNEL) staining. Levels of lactate and ATP were measured using commercial kits. Extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) and Oxygen consumption rate (OCR) were determined using an XFe24 Extracellular Flux Analyzer. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays were used to study the interaction between H3K27ac or histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) and the PFKM promoter region. Phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1) was either silenced or overexpressed to study its role. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunoblotting were used for gene expression.Results: DOX treatment significantly inhibited PFKM expression in H9c2 cells. Overexpression of PFKM inhibited DOX-induced cell apoptosis and DOX-decreased glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, while silencing PFKM promoted cell apoptosis and inhibited glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation in H9c2 cells. Moreover, PFKM regulated DOX-mediated cell viability and apoptosis through glycolysis pathway. Mechanism study showed that HDAC1 inhibited H3K27ac-induced transcription of PFKM in DOX-treated cells and regulated glycolysis.Conclusion: PFKM could inhibit DOX-induced cardiotoxicity by enhancing oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis, which might benefit us in developing novel therapeutics for prevention or treatment of HF.
Application of Factorial and Binomial identities in Communications, Information and Cybersecurity
Authors: Annamalai Chinnaraji 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This paper presents application of the binomial and factorial identities and expansions that are used in communications, information, and cybersecurity. Cybersecurity is the practice of protecting the computing systems, communication networks, data and programs from cyberattacks. Its objective is to reduce the risk of cyber-attacks and protect against the unauthorized exploitation of systems and networks. For this purposes, we need a strong security mathematical algorithm like RSA algorithm and Elliptic Curve Cryptography. In this connection, computing technique based on factorial and binomial identities is developed for the researchers who are working in communication and cybersecurity.
FASCIA method in the assessment of lymphocyte mitogen responses in the laboratory diagnostics of primary immunodeficiencies
Authors: Lusila Pauliina , Toivonen Anne , Jarva Hanna , Vettenranta Kim , Lehtimäki Sari , Kekäläinen Eliisa 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Lymphocyte responses to mitogens constitute a key part of the diagnostics of combined immunodeficiency (CID). Currently, mostly radioactive thymidine incorporation and carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE) dilution methods are used. Flow-cytometric Assay for Specific Cell-mediated Immune-response in Activated whole blood (FASCIA) has been put forth as an easy-to-perform option for the measurement of lymphocyte responses with the advantage of recognising different lymphocyte subtypes and avoiding the use of radioactive reagents. Our aim was to analyse retrospectively the usefulness of FASCIA in the diagnostics of CID. We included all lymphocyte stimulation tests done with FASCIA in HUSLAB (Helsinki, Finland) between February 2015 and September 2018 in our analysis. The cohort was divided into two groups by the patients’ final diagnoses: CID (n = 30) or non-CID (n = 159). We evaluated the stimulation responses with a combined FASCIA-score (the average of all mitogen responses). The FASCIA-score was significantly lower among the CID group compared to the other patients (p = 0.002) and in the ROC-analysis the AUC was 0.75 (p < 0.001) for the FASCIA-score. Of the three mitogens analyzed separately, phytohemagalutinin (PHA) was best in separating patients with CID from the rest (in the ROC-analysis AUC 0.71. p = 0.001). Immunosuppressive medication affected the FASCIA-result significantly and needs to be considered when evaluating results. In conclusion, FASCIA can reliably detect the CID patients from a population tested for suspected immunodeficiency in the absence of immunosuppressive medication. It emerges as a method with many benefits compared to tests requiring radioactive reagents or the complicated CFSE staining.
Effect of Laser Cladding Parameters in Nbc Reinforced 316l Austenitic Stainless Steel Composite Depositions on a Mild Steel
Authors: Apolinário Luis Henrique Rodrigues , Torres Edwar Andres , Araújo Helen Rodrigues , Vicente André Albuquerque , Santos Tiago Felipe de Abreu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The cladding process aims to improve mechanical, chemical, and physical features in metal surfaces. The laser cladding process is frequently used to promote such alterations through deposition of metals/alloys with superior mechanical behavior on the substrate. In this contribution, an ASTM A36 mild steel was covered with AISI 316L reinforced with NbC powder as a filler metal using multiple laser deposition steps. The effect of the studied parameters on the geometry, surface appearance, dilution, and macrostructural features were evaluated. The laser power, deposition speed, and powder flux were altered, while the other parameters were kept constant. Increases in power and scanning speed resulted in increased dilution region, whereas the coating material rising led to decreased dilution. The welding speed and the powder flow strongly influence the penetration in the bead-on-plate deposits. This behavior was attributed to the beam’s interaction with the substrate due to the named shadow effect. The metal flow in the deposit is governed by the Marangoni effect, which in the case of the laser process presents a single upward flow direction in the center and descending from the surface and the sides, which determines the location of the particles and pores when used 10% of NbC reinforcing particles. For 30% NbC, particle distribution and porosities are homogeneous inside the pool, due to the more significant agitation produced by the NbC. The porosities are associated with the particles’ dragging of gas towards the pool and NbC precipitate dissolution.
Plasma metabolic signatures for intracranial aneurysm and its rupture identified by pseudotargeted metabolomics
Authors: Sun Kaijian , Zhang Xin , Li Xin , Li Xifeng , Su Shixing , Luo Yunhao , Tian Hao , Zeng Meiqin , Wang Cheng , Xie Yugu , Zhang Nan , Cao Ying , Zhu Zhaohua , Ni Qianlin , Liu Wenchao , Xia Fangbo , He Xuying , Shi Zunji , Duan Chuanzhi , Sun Haitao 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Whole-body metabolism is emerging as a critical player in the pathophysiology of intracranial aneurysms (IAs). However, the vital metabolic signatures for IA risk stratification and its potential biological underpinnings remain elusive. Therefore, our study aimed to develop an early diagnosis model and rupture classification model by analyzing plasma metabolic profiles of IA patients.
Methods
Plasma samples from a cohort of 105 participants, including 75 patients with IAs in ruptured and unruptured statuses and 30 control participants, were collected for analysis. A pseudotargeted metabolomics strategy based on LC-MS/MS was applied for integration analyses of plasma samples, and significant differential metabolites were identified through univariate and multivariate statistical analysis. Furthermore, an integrated machine learning strategy based on LASSO, random forest and logistic regression were used for feature selection and model construction.
Results
The composition of metabolites changed significantly with the severity of IA. Among them, glutathione metabolism and bile acid metabolism may play a crucial role. Two sets of biomarker panels (M6 & M5) were defined to discriminate IA and its rupture with the area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.843 and 0.929 on the validation sets, respectively.
Conclusion
The present study comprehensively characterizes plasma metabolites in different statuses of IA and demonstrates the potential of metabolic markers as non-invasive risk diagnostic tools for IA.
Modeling study of divertor particle and heat flux asymmetries for EAST H-mode discharges
Authors: Deng G. Z. , Lin X.D. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The BOUT + + edge plasma transport code is run to study the effects of plasma drifts on the divertor out-in asymmetries (DOIAs) of particle and heat fluxes and their decay widths for EAST lower single null H-mode discharges. The diamagnetic drift seems to have no effects on the DOIAs of total particle and heat fluxes due to its divergence-free nature. However, it could significantly increase the DOIAs of peak particle and heat fluxes and the flux decay widths. The E×B drift is found to induce a large plasma flow to the divertor region, enhancing the DOIAs of both total and peak particle and heat fluxes and the flux decay widths. Both the radial and poloidal components of the E×B drift are necessary in increasing the DOIAs, however, the radial E×B drift seems to play a more important role. The effects on the DOIAs caused by both diamagnetic and E×B drifts are reversed with the reverse of toroidal magnetic field. The outer target heat flux decay width \({\lambda _q}\) could well match with the multi-machine scaling proposed by Eich and the DOIA of \({\lambda _q}\) is in reasonable agreement with the scaling proposed by Goldston.