bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Why a labour market boom does not necessarily bring down inequality: putting together Germany's inequality puzzle
Authors: Biewen Martin , Sturm Miriam 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAfter an economically tough start to the new millennium, Germany experienced an unprecedented employment boom after 2005, only stopped by the COVID‐19 pandemic. Persistently high levels of inequality despite a booming labour market and drastically falling unemployment rates constituted a puzzle, suggesting either that the German job miracle mainly benefitted individuals in the mid‐ or high‐income range or that other developments offset the effects of the drastically improved labour market conditions. The present paper solves this puzzle by breaking down the observed changes in the distribution of disposable incomes between 2005–06 and 2015–16 into the contributions of eight different factors, one of them being the employment boom. Our results suggest that, while the latter did have an equalising impact, it was partially offset by the disequalising impact of other factors, and substantially dampened by the transfer system. Our results point to a strong role of the German transfer system as a distributional stabiliser implying that, if the COVID‐19 shock were to persistently reverse all the employment gains that occurred during the boom, this would only have a moderately disequalising effect on the distribution of net incomes.
Non‐operative management of isolated splenic trauma: An 11‐year single‐centre retrospective cohort study
Authors: Hung Dorothy Sze‐wing , Lin Jie‐kun , Chu Colin Wai‐ho , Kam Philip Ming‐ho 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimThe spleen is a frequently injured organ in trauma. There has been a shift into non‐operative management in recent years. At our unit, we follow a protocol established in 2012 for the management of splenic trauma. The primary aim of this study is to investigate whether this protocol increases non‐operative management of splenic trauma, and whether it is safe to follow. The secondary aim is to identify patients at high risk of failing non‐operative management.Patients and MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of adult patients with splenic trauma who were admitted into the Queen Elizabeth Hospital between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2018. Non‐operative management was defined as one in which patients did not have a splenectomy. Isolated splenic injury was defined as splenic injury being the only major intra‐abdominal injury. Patients with intracranial and intrathoracic injuries were included. Patients with iatrogenic injury or incomplete data were excluded.ResultsThere was a statistically significantly increase in patients managed conservatively after protocol establishment (71.4%) compared with before (43.8%; P = .016). Failure of conservative management (P = .71), admission episode death rate (P = .84), red cells transfused in the first 72 hours (P = .85), and length of stay were similar between the preprotocol and postprotocol groups. Risk factors for failure of conservative management were patients with higher injury severity score (P = .003), more red cell transfused in the first 72 hours, high‐energy trauma (P = .018) and American Society of Anesthesiologists grading 3 to 5 (P = .002).ConclusionThe protocol established safely allows more spleens to be conserved. We should keep a high vigilance for patients at high risk of failing conservative management.
Microencapsulation of astaxanthin based on emulsion solvent evaporation and subsequent spray drying
Authors: Fang Rongxi , Liang Hongshan , Li Jing , Chen Yijie , Luo Xiaogang , Li Yan , Li Bin , Liu Shilin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAstaxanthin (AXT) is widely used in the food, drug, and cosmetics fields, but its applications are extremely limited by its intrinsic properties. Herein, a novel encapsulation system had been performed to fabricate AXT‐loaded microcapsules through emulsion solvent evaporation and spray‐dried methodologies. The influence of polylactic acid (PLA) concentrations on the characteristics of AXT‐loaded dispersions and resultant microcapsules were investigated. The results showed that the sizes and zeta potentials of dispersions and microcapsules increased with increasing PLA content (9.8 to 24.6 wt%). The encapsulation efficiency (EE) of the microcapsules increased with increasing PLA concentration up to 21.4 wt%. The moisture content values, flowability, and bulk density of the obtained microcapsules decreased with increasing PLA content (9.8 to 24.6 wt%). Furthermore, the cell culture experiment indicated that the obtained microcapsules had no cytotoxicity and possessed excellent antioxidant activity. This work provides a new strategy for fabricating AXT‐enriched microcapsules and expands their application in nutritional products.Practical ApplicationThis work fabricated a novel encapsulation system for AXT through emulsion solvent evaporation and spray drying methodologies. The obtained AXT‐loaded microcapsules possessed great physical stability and could expand potential applications of AXT.
Combination of MRI prostate and 18F‐DCFPyl PSMA PET/CT detects all clinically significant prostate cancers in treatment‐naive patients: An international multicentre retrospective study
Authors: Parathithasan Nishanthinie , Perry Elisa , Taubman Kim , Hegarty Justin , Talwar Arpit , Wong Lih‐Ming , Sutherland Tom 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionClinical and biochemical assessment and biopsies can miss clinically significant prostate cancers (csPCa) in up to 20% of patients and diagnose clinically insignificant tumours leading to overtreatment. This retrospective study analyses the accuracy of 18F‐DCFPyL PET/CT in detecting csPCa as a primary diagnostic tool and directly compares it with mpMRI prostate in treatment‐naive patients. The two modalities are then correlated to determine whether they are better in combination, than either alone.MethodsThis is a retrospective dual‐institution study of patients who underwent contemporaneous MRI and PSMA‐PET between January 2017 and March 2020 with histologic confirmation. The images were re‐reviewed and concordance between modalities assessed. Results were compared with histopathology to determine the ability of MRI and PSMA‐PET to detect csPCA.ResultsMRI and PSMA‐PET detected the same index lesion in 90.8% of cases with a kappa of 0.82. PET detected an additional 6.2% of index lesions which were MRI occult. MRI detected an additional 3.1% which were PET occult. No additional csPCa was identified on pathology which was not seen on imaging. The sensitivity of PSMA‐PET in detecting csPCa is 96.7% and that of MRI is 93.4% with no statistically significant difference between the two (P = 0.232). Both modalities detected all four cases of non‐csPCa with these being considered false positives.ConclusionBoth mpMRI and 18F‐DCFPyL‐PSMA‐PET/CT have high sensitivity for detecting csPCa with high agreement between modalities. There were no synchronous csPCa lesions detected on pathology that were not detected on imaging too.
Prevalence and risk factors for uveitis in spondyloarthritis
Authors: Yasmin Mst. Rupali , Islam Md. Nazrul , Pannu Zahedur Rahman , Azad Mohammad Abul Kalam , Uddin M. Sheikh Giash 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimTo determine the prevalence and risk factors for uveitis in spondyloarthritis (SpA) patients.MethodsA total of 225 patients who fulfilled Assessment of Spondyloarthritis International Society classification criteria for axial and peripheral SpA were enrolled. The diagnosis of uveitis was confirmed by an ophthalmologist. From medical records and from clinical evaluation associated information like disease duration, and human leukocyte antigen B27 was collected. Relevant laboratory tests were done and disease severity was assessed using Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score – erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C‐reactive protein. Characteristics of uveitis positive and uveitis negative groups were compared. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was done for the risk factors, and P values <.05 were considered significant.ResultsPrevalence of uveitis was 18.7%. The disease duration was 9.3 ± 7 years and 5.4 ± 4.5 years in uveitis and no uveitis groups respectively (P ≤ .001). Family history of SpA was positive in 45.2% in the uveitis group (P ≤ .001). The frequency of axial SpA was 92.9% and 73.8% in the uveitis and no uveitis groups respectively (P ≤ .008). The mean BASDAI was 2.4 ± 1.9 and 3.3 ± 2.8 in uveitis and no uveitis groups respectively (P = .050). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, among the selected variables, family history of SpA (odds ratio [OR] =3.697; 95% CI =1.616‐8.457; P = .002) and duration of disease (OR =1.089; 95% CI =1.004‐1.181; P = .039) were independently associated with the occurrence of uveitis.ConclusionsThe prevalence of uveitis was 18.7%. The family history and the disease duration of SpA were independently associated with uveitis.
Global 16S rRNA diversity of provannid snail endosymbionts from Indo‐Pacific deep‐sea hydrothermal vents
Authors: Breusing Corinna , Castel Jade , Yang Yi , Broquet Thomas , Sun Jin , Jollivet Didier , Qian Pei‐Yuan , Beinart Roxanne A. 
Published: February 2022

SummarySymbioses between invertebrate animals and chemosynthetic bacteria build the foundation of deep‐sea hydrothermal ecosystems worldwide. Despite the importance of these symbioses for ecosystem functioning, the diversity of symbionts within and between host organisms and geographic regions is still poorly understood. In this study we used 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing to determine the diversity of gill endosymbionts in provannid snails of the genera Alviniconcha and Ifremeria, which are key species at deep‐sea hydrothermal vents in the Indo‐Pacific Ocean. Our analysis of 761 snail samples across the distributional range of these species confirms previous findings that symbiont lineages are strongly partitioned by host species and broad‐scale geography. Less structuring was observed within geographic regions, probably due to insufficient strain resolution of the 16S rRNA gene. Symbiont richness in individual hosts appeared to be unrelated to host size, suggesting that provannid snails might acquire their symbionts only during a permissive time window in early developmental stages in contrast to other vent molluscs that obtain their symbionts throughout their lifetime. Despite the extent of our dataset, symbiont accumulation curves did not reach saturation, highlighting the need for increased sampling efforts to uncover the full diversity of symbionts within these and other hydrothermal vent species.
Verification of the accuracy of the recent 50 years of tree growth and long‐term change in intrinsic water‐use efficiency using xylem Δ14C and δ13C in trees in an aseasonal tropical rainforest
Authors: Ichie Tomoaki , Igarashi Shuichi , Yoshihara Ryo , Takayama Kanae , Kenzo Tanaka , Niiyama Kaoru , Zamah Shari Nur Hajar , Hyodo Fujio , Tayasu Ichiro 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Growth analysis based on tree‐ring chronology is difficult in trees in aseasonal tropical rain forests, because annual growth rings may be unclear or completely absent. Fortunately, tree growth history recorded in xylem tissue is capable of providing valuable information on the responses of trees and forests to past and present environmental changes, including global warming.

We have developed a new technique for aseasonal tropical forest trees which derives their growth rates from xylem Δ14C, and verified its accuracy. We also determined, from xylem δ13C, the intrinsic water‐use efficiency (iWUE) in the past 50 years. We analysed changes in xylem Δ14C and δ13C in 23 canopy trees of 12 species in 6 families growing in Pasoh Forest Reserve, Malaysia; each stem diameter at breast height (DBH) was recorded 14 times from 1969 to 2011.

We found a significant positive relationship between the growth rates determined by 14C dating and the past DBH data. On the other hand, leaf‐internal CO2 (Ci) content did not change with increasing atmospheric CO2 (Ca). Thus, the iWUE increased significantly over the last 50 years in all the families and species tested.

This study showed that the simultaneous measurements of xylem Δ14C and δ13C could reveal a long‐term change in tree growth and iWUE during the past 50 years with high accuracy in various species and/or individuals in aseasonal tropical rainforests exhibiting high species diversity.
Therapeutics and COVID‐19—A living WHO guideline: Endorsement by the Scandinavian Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine
Authors: Møller Morten H. , Chew Michelle S. , Olkkola Klaus T. , Rehn Marius , Yli‐Hankala Arvi , Sigurðsson Martin I. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe Clinical Practice Committee of the Scandinavian Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine endorses the Living WHO guideline on therapeutics and COVID‐19. This trustworthy continuously updated guideline serves as a highly useful decision aid for Nordic anaesthesiologists caring for patients with COVID‐19.
Transfusion strategies in bleeding critically ill adults: A clinical practice guideline from the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine: Endorsement by the Scandinavian Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine
Authors: Møller Morten Hylander , Sigurðsson Martin Ingi , Olkkola Klaus T. , Rehn Marius , Yli‐Hankala Arvi , Chew Michelle S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe Clinical Practice Committee of the Scandinavian Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine endorses the clinical practice guideline Transfusion strategies in bleeding critically ill adults: a clinical practice guideline from the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine. This trustworthy clinical practice guideline serves as a useful decision aid for Nordic anaesthesiologists caring for critically ill patients with bleeding.
Prodromal phase: Differences in prodromal symptoms, risk factors and markers of vulnerability in first episode mania versus first episode psychosis with onset in late adolescence or adulthood
Authors: Verdolini Norma , Borràs Roger , Sparacino Giulio , Garriga Marina , Sagué‐Vilavella Maria , Madero Santiago , Palacios‐Garrán Roberto , Serra Maria , Forte Maria Florencia , Salagre Estela , Aedo Alberto , Salgado‐Pineda Pilar , Salvatierra Irene Montoro , Sánchez Gistau Vanessa , Pomarol‐Clotet Edith , Ramos‐Quiroga Josep Antoni , Carvalho Andre F. , Garcia‐Rizo Clemente , Undurraga Juan , Reinares María , Martinez Aran Anabel , Bernardo Miguel , Vieta Eduard , Pacchiarotti Isabella , Amoretti Silvia 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study was aimed at identifying differences in the prodromal symptoms and their duration, risk factors and markers of vulnerability in patients presenting a first episode mania (FEM) or psychosis (FEP) with onset in late adolescence or adulthood in order to guide tailored treatment strategies.MethodsPatients with a FEM or FEP underwent a clinical assessment. Prodromes were evaluated with the Bipolar Prodrome Symptom Scale‐Retrospective (BPSS‐R). Chi‐squared tests were conducted to assess specific prodromal symptoms, risk factors or markers of vulnerability between groups. Significant prodromal symptoms were entered in a stepwise forward logistic regression model. The probabilities of a gradual versus rapid onset pattern of the prodromes were computed with logistic regression models.ResultsThe total sample included 108 patients (FEM = 72, FEP = 36). Social isolation was associated with the prodromal stage of a FEP whilst Increased energy or goal‐directed activity with the prodrome to a FEM. Physically slowed down presented the most gradual onset whilst Increased energy presented the most rapid. The presence of obstetric complications and difficulties in writing and reading during childhood were risk factors for FEP. As for markers of vulnerability, impairment in premorbid adjustment was characteristic of FEP patients. No specific risk factor or marker of vulnerability was identified for FEM.ConclusionEarly characteristics differentiating FEP from FEM were identified. These findings might help shape early identification and preventive intervention programmes.
Fos‐expressing neuronal ensembles in rat infralimbic cortex encode initial and maintained oxycodone seeking in rats
Authors: Gobin Christina , Sortman Bo , Rakela Samantha , Quintana‐Feliciano Richard , Warren Brandon L. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNeuronal ensembles within the infralimbic cortex (IL) and their projections to the nucleus accumbens (NAc) mediate opiate seeking in well‐trained rats. However, it is unclear how early this circuitry is recruited during oxycodone self‐administration. Here, we used retrograde labelling (CTb) and immunohistochemistry to identify NAc‐projecting neurons in the IL that were activated during initial oxycodone seeking. Next, we sought to determine the role of IL neuronal ensembles in initial oxycodone self‐administration. We used the Daun02 procedure in male and female Fos‐LacZ rats to chemogenetically inactivate IL Fos‐expressing neurons at different time points in oxycodone self‐administration training: immediately after meeting criteria for acquisition of behaviour and following nine daily sessions with increasing schedules of reinforcement (FR1, FR2 and FR3) in which rats demonstrated stable oxycodone intake under increasing effort to self‐administer. We found that Daun02 infusions attenuated oxycodone seeking at both the initial learning and well‐trained time points. These results suggest that IL neuronal ensembles are formed during initial learning of oxycodone self‐administration and required for the maintenance and expression of oxycodone seeking.
Anomalous branching of the aortic arch in a dog
Authors: Wyatt Sean Alexander , Rutllant Josep 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAnomalies in the subclavian and common carotid arteries can be of interest in cases of cranial mediastinal surgeries, as well as to diagnose the cause of oesophageal constrictions leading to clinical signs of dysphagia (dysphagia lusoria). The development and regression of the aortic arches are of key importance in understanding the origin of these type of vascular anomalies. This report describes the congenital anomalous aortic origin of the common carotid and the subclavian arteries in a 14‐year‐old dog and the plausible developmental pattern failure. Academic dissection revealed a common bicarotid trunk and bisubclavian trunk arising from the most cranial aspect of the aortic arch. Despite the abnormal origin, these vessels displayed a predominantly standard anatomical course. All the anticipated branches were identified and described. Cardiac abnormalities were also noted including right atrial dilation, coronary sinus enlargement, right and left valvular endocardiosis, a patent foramen ovale and marked concentric left ventricular hypertrophy with compensatory left atrial dilation. Additionally, the right recurrent laryngeal nerve demonstrated an aberrant course consistent with a ‘non‐recurrent laryngeal nerve’ (non‐RLN). Awareness of the anatomical variations of the aortic arch is important for surgical interventions of the cranial mediastinum as well as radiological interpretation. Although infrequent, the variants similar to the one described here have been reported in different species.
Omentoplasty to reduce anastomotic leak in colorectal surgery: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Sahebally Shaheel Mohammad , Chan Erick , Azmir Alisha , Lu Cu Tai , Doudle Mark , Naik Arun , Nolan Gregory , Von Papen Michael 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundAnastomotic leaks (AL) remain a devastating complication following intestinal anastomoses resulting in increased morbidity and mortality. Wrapping the anastomosis with omentum may be protective although data are conflicting. We performed a meta‐analysis to assess the effect of omentoplasty on colorectal anastomoses.MethodsPubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane databases were searched for relevant articles from inception until August 2021. All randomized controlled trials (RCT) that reported on the use of omentoplasty in colon and rectal surgery were included. The primary outcome was rate of overall AL while secondary outcomes included clinical and radiological AL, overall reoperation and mortality. Random effects models were used to calculate pooled effect size estimates. Sensitivity analyses were also performed.ResultsFour RCTs were included capturing 1067 patients. The mean (SD) age of the cohort was 61.5 (±14.8) years. On random effects analysis, omentoplasty reduced rate of overall (OR 0.43, 95% CI = 0.21–0.87, p = 0.02) and clinical AL (OR = 0.35, 95% CI = 0.15–0.81, p = 0.01). However, there was no difference in radiological AL (OR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.40–1.47, p = 0.42), overall reoperations (OR 0.48, 95% CI = 0.18–1.32, p = 0.16) or mortality (OR 0.52, 95% CI = 0.12 to–2.18, p = 0.37). On sensitivity analysis, assessing rectal anastomoses only, the results for overall AL remained similar (OR 0.28, 95% CI = 0.12–0.61, p = 0.002).ConclusionAlthough omentoplasty appears to reduce the rate of overall and clinical AL, the heterogeneity in the data prevents definitive recommendations from being made. Further well‐designed trials are needed to investigate this technique.
Anxiety, depression and marital satisfaction in women with hyperemesis gravidarum: A comparative cross‐sectional study in Hospital Tengku Ampuan Rahimah, Klang, Malaysia
Authors: Azlan Wan Asyikin Wan , Ramalingam Magendra , Razali Rosdinom , Abdullah Mohamad Farouk , Rahman Fairuz Nazri Abdul 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionHyperemesis Gravidarum (HG) is a severe form of vomiting that occurs among pregnant mothers. Due to the nature of HG, pregnant mothers may feel fatigued and burdened by it and questions have been raised about the emergence of psychiatric illness during this period of vulnerability.MethodsA comparative cross‐sectional study using Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), M.I.N.I (MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview) and ENRICH‐ EMS (Evaluation and Nurturing Relationship Issues, Communication and Happiness – Marital Satisfaction Scale) were performed in a group of 112 pregnant women.ResultsThere were no differences in the prevalence rate of any anxiety disorder among the patient with HG vs comparative group (9% vs 3%, P > 0.05) and depressive disorder in women with HG vs comparative group (16% vs 8%, P > 0.05) respectively. There were associations between HG and gravida, past history of miscarriage, and gestational diabetes (P < 0.05). After adjustment, only past history of gestational diabetes was associated with HG as a protective factor (AOR 0.034 95% CI 0.002–0.181; P = 0.0014). We found that women in the HG group tended to score statistically significantly higher than the comparison group for depressive symptoms in the HADS Depression subscale (P = 0.041).DiscussionWe found no convincing association between HG and anxiety disorder, depressive disorder, and marital satisfaction, but women with HG statistically significantly reported more depressive symptoms than women who were not diagnosed with HG. Psychiatric evaluation should be considered for women with HG.