bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Among Sanitation Workers Regarding SARS-CoV-2 Prevention – A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Kumar Jadhav S. , Manjunath BC , Sabbarwal Bhavna , Chauhan Neha , Yadav Vipul , Kumar Adarsh 
Published: October 2022

Aim:
To evaluate knowledge, attitude and practices among sanitation workers regarding SARS-CoV-2 prevention during hospital waste management.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 426 sanitation workers using an interviewer-administered questionnaire to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices of the study participants. The unpaired t-test and Spearman's correlation were used to find the mean difference and correlation among different study variables. Statistical significance was set at 5% (confidence interval 95%).

Results:
The mean knowledge score of the participants was found to be 7.15 ± 2.02. About 93.7% of the participants had good knowledge about COVID-19. About 64.3% of the participants strongly agreed that COVID-19 is a life-threatening disease. Regarding practices, a majority reported (69.7%) that they washed hands frequently using water and soap. A significant positive correlation was found between knowledge, attitude, practices and education, indicating a favourable work environment in hospital settings.

Conclusion:
More than half of the sanitation workers and housekeeping staff had adequate knowledge of COVID-19, and their attitudes were found to be favourable. They also had satisfactory practices, which may be a result of the prompt training and sensitization of sanitation workers by the authorities.

Clinical Relevance:
Sanitation workers come under the essential services category and their knowledge, attitude and practices needed to be assessed and updated in the concerned area for their protection and better management of biomedical waste, especially in the current pandemic situation.
Comparative Effect of 1.2% Atorvastatin Gel and 1.2% Rosuvastatin as a Local Drug Delivery in Treatment of Intra-Bony Defects in Chronic Periodontitis
Authors: Soni Ashish , Raj Swati , Kashyap Laxmikant , Upadhyay Amit , Agrahari Vikas Chandra , Sharma Anil 
Published: October 2022

Background:
The present study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of 1.2% Atorvastatin (ATV) with 1.2% Rosuvastatin (RSV) as local drug delivery for treatment of Chronic Periodontitis (CP).

Materials and Methods:
Forty patients were equally divided into two groups. Group A underwent scaling and root debridement and 1.2% ATV gel (1.2 mg/0.1 mL) was placed, whereas group B received scaling and root debridement and RSV (1.2 mg/0.1 ml) was placed.

Results:
The results showed that both the groups had improvement in all the recorded parameters, and the results obtained were statistically significant. When comparison was made between the groups, no significant difference was obtained between atorvastatin and rosuvastatin at baseline in all recorded parameters. However, after 6 months significant improvement was recorded in CAL (Clinical attachment level) and PD (Probing depth). The plaque index (PI) and gingival index (GI) score however showed improvement, but it did not attain the level of significance.

Conclusion:
The present study showed improvement in clinical parameters with the use of ATV and RSV gel when used in combination with scaling and root planing (SRP) in CP patients. Patients with RSV gel showed up significantly better than the ones in which ATV gel was placed.
Relationship between Sense of Coherence, OHRQoL, and Dental Caries among Nursing Students in South India
Authors: Haricharan Praveen Bhoopathi , Almudarris Ban , Azim Sabrin Ali , Albanna Farah Saed , Elkareimi Yaser , Kuduruthullah Syed 
Published: October 2022

Background:
Dental caries is one of the most common dental diseases that affect all population and is associated with the avoidance of care. Research has reported that sense of coherence (SOC) is related to many aspects of health including oral health. SOC determines the quality of health and might have a direct association with the development of subjective assessments of oral health.

Objectives:
To find the association between SOC, Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) and caries status among nursing college students in southern state of India.

Design:
Cross-sectional design using questionnaire and assessment of caries status.

Participants:
Nursing students from south India.

Methods:
Convenience sampling method was followed and students who were present on the day of the study and consented to participate were included in the study. The total study sample consisted of 494 nursing students. SOC and OHRQoL were measured by a self-administered questionnaire; caries status was assessed using Decayed, Missing and Filled Tooth (DMFT) index.

Results:
Association between SOC and Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) and caries status and OHIP was found to be statistically significant. Correlation between dental caries and OHIP was found to be statistically significant, with R-value –0.251 shows that OHIP is negatively correlated with caries status.

Conclusion:
SOC as a psychosocial resource is capable of facilitating the motivation for positive oral health behaviours. These resources along with socio-economic and demographic factors can create an environment that is partially responsible for the individuals' cognitive and physical functions that can express themselves as the individuals' well-being and positive health behaviours.
Novel Management of Internal Root Resorption with Vertical Root Fracture using Mineral Trioxide Aggregate - A Case Report
Authors: Karumaran Chellaswamy Savarimalai , Ramachandran Anil Kumar , Chandrasekaran Nirmala , Manuel Corrine Esther , Kattula Deepthi 
Published: October 2022

Introduction:
This case report presents the diagnosis and management of extensive internal root resorption (IRR) in a 17-year-old male patient, with a 9-year-old history of trauma.

Method:
The affected tooth 21 was associated with vertical root fracture (VRF) and incomplete apex closure with a substantial loss of tooth structure, including dentin and cementum. Encouraged by a healthy periodontal condition, the choice was made to use mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) to reconstruct and reinforce the resorptive defect and the fractured segment. A composite veneer was placed to enhance the aesthetics.

Result:
A follow-up of the patient after 2 years revealed healing with a resolution of the lesion.

Conclusion:
This case report highlights the use of MTA as a lone-standing filling material for the treatment of IRR with VRF in a non-vital immature tooth.
Perceptions and Challenges of a First-Year Dental Student – A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Shinh Manhar Kaur , Kshirsagar Rajesh , Narang Ridhi , Kulkarni Praveena Venkatesh , Singh Amanish , Kaur Harjupinder 
Published: October 2022

Introduction:
Undergraduate dental training is demanding and rigorous, unaware students face a lot of challenges after entering the course. Thus, the study aims to find out from a dental sophomore the challenges they face during the first year of dental school.

Methodology:
An e-questionnaire study was conducted on 932 second-year Bachelor of Dental Surgery students of India. The questions help us gauge problems and hurdles faced by a dental sophomore like information related to difficulty levels, laborious nature and so on. Chi-square test is to find out relativity and association between the variables.

Results:
Pre-clinical prosthodontics was found the most laborious and a gender-wise significant difference (P < 0.01) was noted amongst females (437, 71.06%) and males (157, 49.53%).

Conclusion:
This study highlighted that students are usually unaware about the course, the type of content reading, learning, laborious nature of practical work and so on.
Assessment of Clinical Depression in Abdominally Obese Subjects with Periodontal Disease
Authors: Acharya Sheetal , Satpathy Anurag , Beura Rajdeep , Datta Pratiti , Das Utkalika , Mahapatra Pranab 
Published: October 2022

Background:Depression is a commonly prevailing condition that goes undetected in clinical settings. Both abdominal obesity and periodontal disease have a bearing on mental health and have an impact on the quality of life.Objective:To assess the level of clinical depression in abdominally obese subjects with periodontal disease.Methods:Two hundred and ten subjects with a mean age of 37.45 ± 9.59 years (males = 117; females = 93) were grouped as per their abdominal obesity and periodontal status and assessed for their clinical depression levels (mental health) using the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D). Collected data were analysed.Results:The clinical depression score significantly varied in subjects with different periodontal status in both non-obese (F(2,102) = 113.66,P< 0.0001) and abdominally obese subjects (F(2,102) = 132.04,P< 0.001). Significantly higher depression score was demonstrated in healthy (P< 0.001), gingivitis (P< 0.001), and periodontitis (P< 0.001) groups in abdominally obese subjects.Conclusion:Clinical depression is significantly associated with abdominal obesity and periodontal disease in subjects with abdominal obesity and severe periodontal disease demonstrating higher depression scores.
Efficacy of Topical Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) Paste for the Management of Oral Submucous Fibrosis – A Clinical Study
Authors: Biswas Deepti , Naik Zameera , Kumar Lokesh S , Patil Namratha , Bagewadi Anjana 
Published: October 2022

Context:
Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a chronic insidious oral potentially malignant disorder characterized by increased collagen deposition and reduced collagen degradation causing burning sensation and difficulty in mouth opening.

Aim:
To assess the efficacy of topical Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) paste for the management of OSMF.

Settings and Design:
Institution-based clinical trial.

Materials and Methods:
The study included a total of 60 OSMF patients categorized into three Groups A, B and C (20 in each) depending on the severity according to Lai DR et al. classification. The patients were advised for topical Tulsi paste application and were evaluated for the reduction in the burning sensation and improvement in mouth opening every month for 3 subsequent months using the numeric pain rating scale (NRS) and a Vernier calliper, respectively.

Statistical Analysis:
The baseline and 3-month recordings were subjected to inter- and intra-group statistical analysis using Kruskal–Wallis analysis of variance (ANOVA), Mann–Whitney U, one-way ANOVA, Tukey's multiple post-hoc and Wilcoxon matched-pairs tests.

Results:
There was a reduction in the burning sensation and improvement in the mouth opening in all three groups. The reduction in the burning sensation was statistically significant among all the groups (P < 0.05) and the NRS scores after 3 months among the three groups were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). There was a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) in the improvement of mouth opening between Group A and B; A and C; but not between B and C.

Conclusion:
Tulsi paste showed a significant reduction in the burning sensation and improvement of the mouth opening thereby proving to be a safe and promising medicament for OSMF.
Comparison of p63 immunohistochemistry and shear wave elastography in the diagnosis of indeterminate breast lesions
Authors: Sridhar Ranjith Kumar , Chandru R , Pavithra V , Raj D Rajiv , Dev Bhawna , Sundaram Sandhya , Ramya R 
Published: October 2022

Purpose:
To evaluate the accuracy of breast shear wave elastography (SWE) and p63 immunohistochemistry (IHC) in the diagnosis of indeterminate breast lesions.

Methods:
Based on detailed clinical examination and a combination of X-ray mammography/B-mode ultrasound with SWE, a total of 40 patients with breast lumps (BI-RADS 4) were included. Patients with previous diagnosis of breast cancer and a previous history of surgery, chemotherapy, or radiotherapy in the same breast as the present lesion were excluded. Core needle biopsy of the breast lesion was performed, and p63 IHC staining was performed. A final histopathological report of the definitive procedure was considered as the gold standard. The sensitivity, specificity, positive (PPV) and negative predictive values (NPV), and accuracy were calculated for each modality.

Results:
The mean age of the patients included in the study was 50.85 ± 13.53 years. Of the 40 patients recruited, 23 were clinically malignant and 17 were benign. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy of SWE were 91.3%, 94.1%, 95.5%, 88.9%, and 92.5% and those of p63 IHC were 95.7%, 100%, 100%, 94.4%, and 97.5%, respectively. Overall, the parametric values were higher for p63 IHC as compared to clinical examination and elastography. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for p63 IHC (.978) was higher than those for SWE (.927) and clinical examination (.898).

Conclusion:
SWE and p63 IHC are highly reliable novel modalities that demonstrate enhanced diagnostic accuracy of indeterminate breast lesions aiding in the early initiation of appropriate treatment and reducing the number of women subjected to biopsy or short-term follow-up for benign-appearing solid breast lesions.
Short-Term Electrocardiographic and Echocardiographic Effects of Levothyroxine Replacement in Adults with Newly Diagnosed Hypothyroidism
Authors: Vikram Shekhawat , Mohanty Soumitra , Behera Vineet , Ananthakrishnan Ramamoorthy , Karanth Jnanaprakash B. , Mahadev Nagargoje 
Published: October 2022

Background and Aims:
Thyroid hormones play a key role in modulating the cardiac function and structure. Expectedly, thyroid hormone deficiency in primary hypothyroidism has a profound and clinically relevant effect on the cardiac structure and function manifesting in characteristic electrocardiographic and echocardiographic (ECHO) abnormalities. The aim is to evaluate the effects of levothyroxine replacement therapy on the electrocardiographic (ECG) and ECHO changes in patients with primary hypothyroidism by assessing the changes in ECG and ECHO before and after 6 weeks of optimal levothyroxine (LT4) treatment in adults with newly diagnosed primary hypothyroidism.

Methodology:
Prospective, observational study conducted in the department of medicine in an armed forces tertiary care teaching hospital from October 2018 to April 2021. We studied newly diagnosed adults with primary hypothyroidism who were treated with optimal LT4 replacement. Descriptive statistics along with Student’s t-test and Chi-square test were used to determine the statistical significance.

Results:
In 152 participants, the mean age was 41.0 ± 13.2 years and 79% were female. After 6 weeks of LT4 treatment, the proportion of participants with abnormal ECG findings reduced significantly (from 77% to 14.5%, P < 0.0001) with a significant reduction in those having sinus bradycardia (P < 0.0001) and low-voltage complexes (P < 0.0001). On ECHO, there was a significant improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction (P < 0.001), fractional shortening (P < 0.001), and a significant reduction in myocardial thickness parameters. The systolic and diastolic function improved significantly after 6 weeks of treatment. The proportion of patients without pericardial effusion increased from 34.9% to 79.6%.

Conclusion:
Replacement therapy with LT4 in newly diagnosed primary hypothyroid patients substantially improves cardiac structure, systolic and diastolic function and has a positive impact on underlying pericardial effusion. A large, prospective, trial is necessary to determine the long-term effects after thyroid hormone replacement.
Multidisciplinary Investigations of Sustained Malaria Transmission in the Greater Mekong Subregion
Authors: Cui Liwang , Sattabongkot Jetsumon , Aung Pyae Linn , Brashear Awtum , Cao Yaming , Kaewkungwal Jaranit , Khamsiriwatchara Amnat , Kyaw Myat Phone , Lawpoolsri Saranath , Menezes Lynette , Miao Jun , Nguitragool Wang , Parker Daniel , Phuanukoonnon Suparat , Roobsoong Wanlapa , Siddiqui Faiza , Soe Myat Thu , Sriwichai Patchara , Yang Zhaoqing , Zhao Yan , Zhong Daibin 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT.
In the course of malaria elimination in the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS), malaria epidemiology has experienced drastic spatiotemporal changes with residual transmission concentrated along international borders and the rising predominance of Plasmodium vivax. The emergence of Plasmodium falciparum parasites resistant to artemisinin and partner drugs renders artemisinin-based combination therapies less effective while the potential spread of multidrug-resistant parasites elicits concern. Vector behavioral changes and insecticide resistance have reduced the effectiveness of core vector control measures. In recognition of these problems, the Southeast Asian International Center of Excellence for Malaria Research (ICEMR) has been conducting multidisciplinary research to determine how human migration, antimalarial drug resistance, vector behavior, and insecticide resistance sustain malaria transmission at international borders. These efforts allow us to comprehensively understand the ecology of border malaria transmission and develop population genomics tools to identify and track parasite introduction. In addition to employing in vivo, in vitro, and molecular approaches to monitor the emergence and spread of drug-resistant parasites, we also use genomic and genetic methods to reveal novel mechanisms of antimalarial drug resistance of parasites. We also use omics and population genetics approaches to study insecticide resistance in malaria vectors and identify changes in mosquito community structure, vectorial potential, and seasonal dynamics. Collectively, the scientific findings from the ICEMR research activities offer a systematic view of the factors sustaining residual malaria transmission and identify potential solutions to these problems to accelerate malaria elimination in the GMS.
ANÁLISE ESPACIAL DO TRANSBORDAMENTO DE RENDA: RELAÇÃO ENTRE GESTÃO FISCAL E RENDA
Authors: Morais Dalla Corte Greice , Cattelan Renata , Ozana de Melo Cármem 
Published: October 2022

Resumo: A boa gestão dos recursos públicos é de fundamental importância para o bem-estar social e dinamismo da atividade econômica. Neste sentido, o objetivo deste artigo é verificar se a boa gestão fiscal de determinado município, medido pelo IFGF, afeta o nível de atividade econômica dos municípios vizinhos, medido pelo PIB percapita. Para isso, foi utilizada a análise exploratória de dados e a análise espacial bivariada local das variáveis para os anos de 2006 e 2014. Os resultados apontam para a existência de autocorrelação positiva. Sendo assim, foi possível observar que uma boa gestão dos recursos afeta positivamente o nível de atividade econômica do próprio município e, por efeitos de difusão espacial e transferência de renda, afeta positivamente o nível de atividade econômica dos municípios vizinhos, corroborando a teoria de Hirschman sobre os efeitos de transbordamento das economias regionais e dos efeitos espaciais.
Palavras-chave: Gestão fiscal, interdependência, municípios paranaenses, IFGF, PIB.
Acute and Subacute Toxicity Study of Abhraka Bhasma- Incinerated Mica Ash
Authors: Shyama  , Sanjay Kumar  , Sakhitha K.S  , Anita Choudhary  , Pooja Yadav  
Published: October 2022

Among the various Ras dravyas (mineral drugs), Abhraka Bhasma (incinerated mica ash) is widely used in therapeutics. Many herbal and other organic materials have been quoted in reference for various procedures in preparing Abhraka bhasma. It is wonderful that different pharmacological action has been attributed to different Dravyas used in the pharmaceutical processing of Abhraka Bhasma. However, to establish the safety of such metallic and mineral formulation it is the need of the hour to generate scientific data for such drugs. In the present study two samples of Abhraka Bhasma were prepared using two different methods. The safety profile of Abhraka Bhasma samples (AB-1 & AB-2) were evaluated by conducting acute and subacute toxicity study as per OECD Guidelines. Both acute and sub-acute toxicity study demonstrated safety of AB-1 and AB-2 when administered at therapeutic dose, TED X5 dose and TED X10 dose. Even though the sample AB-1 was prepared using a smaller number of Puta, it was sufficient for preparing good quality of Bhasma and was non-toxic
A third dose SARS‑CoV‑2 BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine results in improved immune response in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Melin Jan , Svensson Maria K. , Albinsson Bo , Winqvist Ola , Pauksens Karlis 
Published: October 2022

Background: The hemodialysis (HD) population has been a vulnerable group during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Advanced chronic kidney disease with uremia is associated with weaker immune response to infections and an attenuated response to vaccines. The aim of this study was to study the humoral and cellular response to the second and third doses of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine in HD patients and to follow the response over time.
Methods: The patients received their first two vaccine doses from 28 December 2020 within a 4-week interval and the third dose in September 2021 and were followed-up for humoral and cellular immune response at 1) 7–15 weeks and 2) 6–8 months after dose two (no t-cell reactivity measured), and 3) 3 weeks and 4) 3 months after dose three. Fifty patients were initially enrolled, and 40 patients were followed during the entire study. Levels of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) IgG antibody against the Spike antigen (anti-S) and T-cell reactivity testing against the Spike protein using Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSpot (ELISPOT) technology were evaluated.
Results: IgG antibodies to anti-S were detected in 35 (88%) of the 40 patients 7–15 weeks after vaccine dose two, 31 (78%) were positive, and 4 (10%) borderline. The median anti-S titer was 606 Abbott Units/milliliter (AU/mL) (interquartile range [IQR] 134–1,712). Three months after the third dose, anti-S was detected in 38 (95%) of 40 patients (P < 0.01 compared to after dose two), and the median anti-S titer was 9,910 AU/mL (IQR 2,325–26,975). Cellular reactivity was detected in 22 (55%), 34 (85%), and 28 (71%) of the 40 patients, and the median T-cell response was 9.5 (IQR 3.5–80), 51.5 (14.8–132), and 19.5 (8.8–54.2) units, respectively, for 6–8 months after dose two, 3 weeks, and 3 months after dose three.
Conclusions: Our data show that a third dose of SARS‑CoV‑2 BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine gives a robust and improved immunological response in HD patients, but a few patients did not develop any anti-S response during the entire study, indicating the importance to monitor the vaccine response since those who do not respond could now be given monoclonal antibodies if they contract a COVID-19 infection or in the future antivirals.