bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thirty-year trends and outcome of isolated versus combined group 2 pulmonary hypertension after cardiac transplantation
Authors: Nasri Amine , Dupuis Jocelyn , Carrier Michel , Racine Normand , Parent Marie-Claude , Ducharme Anique , Fortier Annik , Hausermann Leslie , White Michel , Tremblay-Gravel Maxime 
Published: December 2022

AimTo investigate the effect of the new definition of pulmonary hypertension (PH) and new pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) thresholds on the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and events following cardiac transplantation (CTx) over 30 years.MethodsPatients who underwent CTx between 1983 and 2014 for whom invasive hemodynamic data was available were analyzed (n = 342). Patients transplanted between 1983 and 1998 were classified as early era and those transplanted between 1999 and 2014 were classified as recent era. Group 2 PH was diagnosed in the presence of a mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) &gt; 20 mmHg and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) &gt; 15 mmHg. Isolated post capillary PH (Ipc-PH) was defined as PVR ≤ 2 wood units and combined pre and post capillary PH (Cpc-PH) was defined PVR &gt; 2 wood units. Moderate to severe PH was defined as mPAP ≥ 35 mmHg. The primary outcome was 30-day mortality and long-term mortality according to type and severity of PH. Proportions were analyzed using the chi-square test, and survival analyses were performed using Kaplan-Meier curves and compared using the logrank test.ResultsThe prevalence of PH in patients transplanted in the early era was 89.1%, whilst 84.2% of patients transplanted in the recent era had PH (p = 0.3914). There was no difference in the prevalence of a pre-capillary component according to era (p = 0.4001), but severe PH was more common in the early era (51.1% [early] vs 38.0% [recent] p = 0.0151). Thirty-day and long-term  mortality  were  not  significantly  associated  with severity or type of PH. There was a trend toward increased 30-day mortality in mild PH (10.1%), compared to no PH (4.4%) and moderate to severe PH (6.6%; p = 0.0653). Long-term mortality did not differ according to the severity of PH (p = 0.1480). There were no significant differences in 30-day or long-term mortality in IpcPH compared to CpcPH (p = 0.3974 vs p = 0.5767, respectively).ConclusionOver 30 years, PH has remained very prevalent before CTx. The presence, severity, and type (pre- vs post-capillary) of PH is not significantly associated with short- or long-term mortality.
The relationship between hair metabolites, air pollution exposure and gestational diabetes mellitus: A longitudinal study from pre-conception to third trimester
Authors: Chen Xuyang , Zhao Xue , Jones Mary Beatrix , Harper Alexander , de Seymour Jamie V. , Yang Yang , Xia Yinyin , Zhang Ting , Qi Hongbo , Gulliver John , Cannon Richard D. , Saffery Richard , Zhang Hua , Han Ting-Li , Baker Philip N. 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a metabolic condition defined as glucose intolerance with first presentation during pregnancy. Many studies suggest that environmental exposures, including air pollution, contribute to the pathogenesis of GDM. Although hair metabolite profiles have been shown to reflect pollution exposure, few studies have examined the link between environmental exposures, the maternal hair metabolome and GDM. The aim of this study was to investigate the longitudinal relationship (from pre-conception through to the third trimester) between air pollution exposure, the hair metabolome and GDM in a Chinese cohort.MethodsA total of 1020 women enrolled in the Complex Lipids in Mothers and Babies (CLIMB) birth cohort were included in our study. Metabolites from maternal hair segments collected pre-conception, and in the first, second, and third trimesters were analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Maternal exposure to air pollution was estimated by two methods, namely proximal and land use regression (LUR) models, using air quality data from the air quality monitoring station nearest to the participant’s home. Logistic regression and mixed models were applied to investigate associations between the air pollution exposure data and the GDM associated metabolites.ResultsOf the 276 hair metabolites identified, the concentrations of fourteen were significantly different between GDM cases and non-GDM controls, including some amino acids and their derivatives, fatty acids, organic acids, and exogenous compounds. Three of the metabolites found in significantly lower concentrations in the hair of women with GDM (2-hydroxybutyric acid, citramalic acid, and myristic acid) were also negatively associated with daily average concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, CO and the exposure estimates of PM2.5 and NO2, and positively associated with O3.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that the maternal hair metabolome reflects the longitudinal metabolic changes that occur in response to environmental exposures and the development of GDM.
Emotional and autonomic response to visual erotic stimulation in patients with functional hypothalamic amenorrhea
Authors: Maiorana Natale , Brugnera Agostino , Galiano Valentina , Ferrara Rosanna , Poletti Barbara , Marconi Anna Maria , Garzia Emanuele , Ticozzi Nicola , Silani Vincenzo , Priori Alberto , Ferrucci Roberta 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionFunctional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA) is a clinical condition associated with high levels of physiological and psychological stress ranging from weight loss to maladaptive behavior and coping skills. A reliable measure of the psychophysiological response to stress and the ability to cope with stimuli is heart rate variability (HRV). Through the sympathetic (SNS) and parasympathetic nervous system (PNS), the autonomic nervous system (ANS) promotes various changes in HRV that reflect the individual’s psychophysiological response to stress. FHA patients are characterized by high levels of PNS activation during psychological load, suggesting that parasympathetic hyperactivation could be a pathology marker.MethodsIn the present study, we examine changes in HRV during observation of erotic, neutral, and disgusting images in 10 patients with FHA [(mean ± S.D.) age: 26.8 ± 5.9] and in 9 controls (age: 25.4 ± 6.4; BMI: 22.47 ± 2.97) to assess the differential activation of PNS and SNS between FHA patients and controls matched for age and without other clinical conditions.ResultsOur results showed that FHA patients had significantly higher HRV activation while observing high emotional value images and not during the observation of neutral images confirming a parasympathetic hyperactivation.DiscussionHRV and cognitive and psychological testing, could provide new insights into understanding such a clinically understudied condition and provide further tools for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
Determining the Microbial Source of Methane Production in Anaerobic Digestion Systems Through High-Throughput Sequencing Technology
Authors: Yang Bin , Wang Changmei , Zhao Xingling , Liu Jianfeng , Yin Fang , Zhang Wudi 
Published: December 2022

Anaerobic digestion is widely used to simultaneously generate biogas while treating different organic wastes. It is difficult to determine the source of CH4 from the complex microbial community structure using traditional microbiological pure culture techniques. Therefore, this study aimed to elucidate the microbial source of CH4 in low-temperature anaerobic digestion systems using the recently developed high-throughput sequencing technology. Herein, anaerobic digestion microbes were domesticated at 15°C and then inoculated into pig manure-containing raw materials in a batch anaerobic digester to form a low-temperature anaerobic digestion system with fermentation controlled at 15°C. Several analytical approaches including abiotic factor analysis and biotic factor analysis (high-throughput sequencing) were applied to investigate the abiotic factors, bacterial communities, and archaeal communities in the low-temperature anaerobic digestion system. The results showed that: 1) The anaerobic digestion lasted for 120 days, with 68.65 L total gas production and 31.19 L CH4 production. 2) The relative abundances of the primary and secondary dominant bacterial operational taxonomic units ranged from 8.02 to 22.84% and 5.62–17.09%, respectively, with 99% similarities to Clostridium cellulovorans (a typical cellulose- and hemicellulose-degrading bacterium) and Terrisporobacter petrolearius (a representative fermentation bacterium), respectively. Moreover, the relative abundance of the primary dominant methanogenic archaeal operational taxonomic unit ranged from 1.03 to 16.85%, with 98% similarity to Methanobacterium beijingense, which is a typical hydrogenotropic methanogen. Based on the low-temperature CH4-producing metabolic pathways of bacterial and methanogenic operational taxonomic units, Methanobacterium beijingense was found to be the primary functional microbe for CH4 production in the 15°C anaerobic digestion system.
Simultaneous editing of TCR, HLA-I/II and HLA-E resulted in enhanced universal CAR-T resistance to allo-rejection
Authors: Li Wuling , Zhu Xiuxiu , Xu Yanmin , Chen Jun , Zhang Hongtao , Yang Zhi , Qi Yanan , Hong Juan , Li Yunyan , Wang Guixue , Shen Junjie , Qian Cheng 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionThe major challenge for universal chimeric antigen receptor T cell (UCAR-T) therapy is the inability to persist for a long time in patients leading to inferior efficacy clinically. The objective of this study was to design a novel UCAR-T cell that could avoid the occurrence of allo-rejection and provide effective resistance to allogeneic Natural Killer (NK) cell rejection, together with the validation of its safety and efficacy ex vivo and in vivo.MethodsWe prepared T-cell receptor (TCR), Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-I/II triple-edited (TUCAR-T) cells and evaluated the anti-tumor efficacy ex vivo and in vivo. We measured the resistance of exogenous HLA-E expressing TUCAR-T (ETUCAR-T) to NK rejection by using an enhanced NK. Furthermore, we established the safety and efficacy of this regimen by treating Nalm6 tumor-bearing mice with a repeated high-dose infusion of ETUCAR-T. Moreover, we analyzed the effects of individual gene deficiency CAR-T on treated mice and the changes in the transcriptional profiles of different gene-edited T cells via RNA-Seq.ResultsData showed that HLA-II editing didn’t impair the anti-tumor efficacy of TUCAR-T ex vivo and in vivo and we found for the first time that HLA-II deficiency could facilitate the persistence of CAR-T. Contrastively, as the most commonly eliminated target in UCAR-T, TCR deficiency was found to be a key disadvantageous factor for the shorter-term anti-tumor efficacy in vivo. Our study demonstrated ETUCAR-T could effectively resist allogeneic NK rejection ex vivo and in vivo.DiscussionOur research provided a potential and effective strategy for promoting the persistence of UCAR-T cells in clinical application. And it reveals the potential key factors of the poor persistence of UCAR-T along with new insights for future development.
Single-cell transcriptomics reveals cell type–specific immune regulation associated with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis in humans
Authors: Jiang Yushu , Dai Shuhua , Jia Linlin , Qin Lingzhi , Zhang Milan , Liu Huiqin , Wang Xiaojuan , Pang Rui , Zhang Jiewen , Peng Gongxin , Li Wei 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionAnti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis (anti-NMDARE) is a rare autoimmune disease, and the peripheral immune characteristics associated with anti-NMDARE antibodies remain unclear.MethodsHerein, we characterized peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with anti-NMDARE and healthy individuals by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq).ResultsThe transcriptional profiles of 129,217 cells were assessed, and 21 major cell clusters were identified. B-cell activation and differentiation, plasma cell expansion, and excessive inflammatory responses in innate immunity were all identified. Patients with anti-NMDARE showed higher expression levels of CXCL8, IL1B, IL6, TNF, TNFSF13, TNFSF13B, and NLRP3. We observed that anti-NMDARE patients in the acute phase expressed high levels of DC_CCR7 in human myeloid cells. Moreover, we observed that anti-NMDARE effects include oligoclonal expansions in response to immunizing agents. Strong humoral immunity and positive regulation of lymphocyte activation were observed in acute stage anti-NMDARE patients.DiscussionThis high-dimensional single-cell profiling of the peripheral immune microenvironment suggests that potential mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis and recovery of anti-NMDAREs.
Tropical cyclone Wind Pump induced chlorophyll-a enhancement in the South China Sea: A comparison of the open sea and continental shelf
Authors: Li Ying , Tang Danling 
Published: December 2022

The continental shelf and open sea region have different ocean physical and environmental responses to tropical cyclones (TC). The present study firstly compared the grid-based maximum response (GMR) of sea surface chlorophyll a (Chl-a) to TCs Wind Pump between the continental shelf (depths 50-200m) and open sea (depths&gt;200 m) region in the South China Sea (SCS) during 1998-2020, using multiple-satellite data. For all TC events, the average Chl-a increases by 0.13 mg/m3. The comparisons between the pre- and post-TC periods show that Chl-a increases by 0.18 mg/m3 (115%) in the continental shelf and 0.07 mg/m3 (57%) in the open sea region, respectively. In both areas, TC-induced Chl-a enhancement (Chl_en) strongly depends on TC maximum wind speed and translation speed. The strong and fast-moving TCs and weak and slow-moving TCs both induce the maximum Chl_en in the continental shelf region. While in the open sea, the maximum Chl_en was induced by the strong and slow-moving TCs. Overall, our results reveal that the TC wind pump’s effects on Chl-a enhancement are stronger in the continental shelf region than in the open sea.
Peptide self-assembled nanomedicine induces antitumor immunity by blocking the PD-1/PD-L1 axis
Authors: Huang Tao , Sun Xianfu , Meng Xiaocao , Chen Mengdie , Li Yapeng , Du Shengnan , Qi Yingqiu , Ge Hong 
Published: December 2022

The development of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) revolutionizes cancer treatment, which has been applied in the treatment of several kinds of malignancies in the clinic. Due to their specific affinity and controllable cost, the emerging peptide-based ICI therapeutics have attracted great attention. However, peptide-based drugs generally show poor bioavailability and a short in vivo half-life. Peptide-based nanomedicine is a promising approach to increase the efficacy of therapeutic peptides. In this work, an amphiphilic peptide based on the reported D-peptide for ICIs has been developed. The constructed amphiphilic peptide can self-assemble into a stable nanostructure (noted as CD-NPs). The prepared CD-NPs have a spherical shape with a hydrodynamic size of about 35 nm. In vivo studies show that the prepared nanomedicine can effectively inhibit tumor growth in 4T1 tumor-bearing mice. Moreover, we found that the CD-NPs increase the infiltration of effector T cells and natural killer cells as well as the immune cytokines in the tumor tissues, implying that they activated the immune response for antitumor activity. Finally, no obvious changes in the major organs, tissues, or the body weight caused by the nanomedicine can be observed, demonstrating their good biocompatibility. Taken together, this study provides a basic idea for designing a novel peptide-based nanomedicine for enhanced antitumor efficacy by enhancing the blockade of ICIs and activating the immune response.
Efficacy of high-flow nasal oxygenation compared with laryngeal mask airway in children undergoing ambulatory oral surgery under deep sedation: A randomized controlled non-inferiority trial
Authors: Ran Longkuan , Huang Guijin , Yao Ying , Wu Yujia , Zhang Chao , Wang Yan , Yu Cong 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundHigh-flow nasal oxygenation (HFNO) has been suggested as an alternative oxygenation method during procedural sedation. This randomized, non-inferiority trial evaluated the safety and efficacy of HFNO compared with laryngeal mask airway (LMA) in pediatric ambulatory oral surgery under deep sedation.MethodsIn total, 120 children aged 2–7 years (weight: 10–30 kg) were equally assigned into two groups, namely, HFNO with propofol total intravenous anesthesia infusion (HFNO-IV) or LMA with propofol total intravenous anesthesia infusion (LMA-IV). The primary objective was to monitor carbon dioxide (CO2) accumulation during perioperative surgery. Secondary objectives included monitoring transcutaneous oxygen saturation, grade exposure to the surgical field, perioperative adverse events, or other events. The predefined non-inferiority margin was 7 mmHg. During the COVID-19 pandemic, a novel WeChat applet was implemented to gather follow-up data after discharge.ResultsNon-inferiority could be declared for HFNO relative to LMA (mean difference in transcutaneous CO2 (TcCO2) = −1.4 mmHg, 95% CI: −2.9, 0.1 mmHg; P &gt; 0.05). The pre-surgical TcCO2 of the HFNO-IV group (45.4 ± 4.5 mmHg) was similar to that of the LMA-IV group (44.0 ± 3.5 mmHg), within the clinically acceptable normal range. All the children maintained SpO2 levels of &gt;97%. The surgical field exposure score of the HFNO group was significantly better than that of the LMA group. There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding risk or adverse events.ConclusionHFNO was not inferior to LMA for maintaining oxygenation and ventilation in patients undergoing pediatric ambulatory oral surgery under deep sedation under strict isolation from the oral cavity to the upper airway.
The increasing incidence and high body mass index-related burden of gallbladder and biliary diseases–A results from global burden of disease study 2019
Authors: Liu Shuhua , Yi Maolin , Qin Juanjuan , Lei Fang , Lin Lijin , Li Yi , Zhuo Ming , Liu Weifang , Huang Xuewei , Cai Jingjing , Zhang Xiaojing , Zhang Peng , Ji Yanxiao , Ye Junming , Li Hongliang 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundGallbladder and biliary diseases are common gastrointestinal conditions associated with huge socioeconomic costs and are considered risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and digestive system cancers. The prevalence and incidence of gallbladder and biliary diseases have not received enough attention from 1990 to 2019. Several non-communicable diseases were associated with the incidence of gallbladder and biliary diseases. It is necessary to clarify the change in the incidence and disability burden of gallbladder and biliary diseases worldwide.MethodsData on high body mass index (BMI)-related disease burden and incidence, years of life lost prematurely, and years lived with disability (YLDs) due to gallbladder and biliary diseases were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease 2019. The estimated annual percentage change was calculated to qualify the gallbladder and biliary disease burden change.ResultsThe global age-standardized incidence rate has increased from 585.35 per 100,000 (95% UI: 506.05–679.86) in 1990 to 634.32 per 100,000 (95% UI: 540.21–742.93) in 2019. And the increase in incidence was positively correlated with rising high BMI-related summary exposure value. The high BMI-related YLDs of gallbladder and biliary diseases have increased worldwide over time. Globally, the 25–49 age group suffered a rapid rise in incidence and high BMI attributable to the YLDs rate of gallbladder and biliary diseases.ConclusionThe global incidence and high BMI-related YLDs of gallbladder and biliary diseases remain prominent to increase over the past 30 years. Notably, the incidence and high BMI-related YLDs among people aged 25–49 years have rapidly increased over time. Therefore, high BMI should be emphasized in strategic priorities for controlling gallbladder and biliary diseases.
Characteristics of dust mite sublingual immunotherapy-associated adverse events in the early phase
Authors: Chen Ming , Lin Lin , Yan Maoxiao , Xu Chong , Chai Ruonan 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundFew studies reported the characteristics of house dust mite (HDM) sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) adverse events (AEs) during early phase treatment. The aim of this prospective study was mainly to explore the characteristics of AEs in allergic rhinitis (AR) patients during 6 months of HDM SLIT.MethodsA total of 242 patients with AR were enrolled in this study. Telephone follow-up and administration were conducted in the every week of the first month, the third month, and the sixth month of SLIT treatment. Furthermore, the early efficacy, AEs, and compliance were analyzed in our study.ResultsOverall, 70.25% (170/242) of the AR patients completed the study, while 29.75% (72/242) of the AR patients failed to complete the whole 6 months of SLIT treatment process. On the whole, symptoms improved in 87.65% (149/170) of patients including 34.12% (58/170) well-controlled and 53.53% (91/170) partially controlled. The correlation analysis results showed that the treatment effect was negatively correlated with the age (r = −0.1614, P = 0.0355). The AEs mainly occurred in the first month, comprised of local rashes, gastrointestinal reactions, and itching of mouth and tongue. Subgroup analysis in the first month showed the itching of mouth and tongue, gastrointestinal reactions, fatigue, and other AEs in ≥14 years old group (14–65 years old, n = 42) were significant differences when compared with that in the &lt;14 years old group (4–13 years old, n = 128, all P &lt; 0.05). In the study, the main reasons for terminated immunotherapy were drug inaccessibility, loss of follow-up and long course of treatment.ConclusionPatients with AR who received HDM SLIT revealed an early efficacy after 6 months, with AEs mostly occurred in the first month.