bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intercultural Competence and Studying Abroad: Does Studying Abroad Influence the Promotion of Intercultural Competence?
Authors: Genkova Petia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntercultural competence and social attitudes towards foreigners are increasingly important in the modern (working) life. The current study investigated intercultural competence in relation to international experience and its effect on national identity and xenophobia. The current chapter shows that certain characteristics of an interculturally competent personality relate to international experiences and predict social identity and xenophobia. The results emphasize the importance of intercultural competence for a work environment coined by tolerance and diversity.
Der Weg der kulturellen Annäherung – Vergleich der Gruppengrenzen in der Hochschul- und Betriebswelt
Authors: Semke Edwin , Theobald Wanda 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Kapitel wird eine Studie zur Wahrnehmung der Gruppengrenzen unter Studierenden sowie Berufseinsteigern und Berufseinsteigerinnen vorgestellt. Die Auswirkungen von Gruppengrenzen auf die Zusammenarbeit verschiedener Personengruppen sind folgenreich und ein Abbau findet meist nur langsam statt. Aufbau und Hintergrund des Interviewleitfadens sowie die Auswahl der Teilnehmenden werden eingehend erläutert. Zudem werden Auswertungsmethoden und Ergebnisse der qualitativen Fragen präsentiert und mögliche Implikationen diskutiert sowie detailliert auf die Größe der Freundeskreise und deren Gemeinsamkeiten beziehungsweise Unterschiede zu anderen Freundeskreisen eingegangen. Die aus den Ergebnissen gezogenen Schlüsse, beispielsweise wie der Prozess der kulturellen Annäherung abläuft und was ihn hindert oder antreibt, werden diskutiert.
Social Competence and National Identity Predict Pupils’ and Students’ Intercultural Competence
Authors: Genkova Petia , Flohr Benita 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe following chapter presents a study examining the influence of social competence and social identity on intercultural competence among pupils and students.Social and intercultural competences have become an important educational objective of schools and universities. The current study investigates how social competence and national identity relate with pupils’ and students’ intercultural competence. Furthermore, the study examines in which educational system (school versus university) intercultural competence is supported more. Applying a cross-sectional study design with 544 pupils and students (aged 16–34 years), we test for differences between male and female and age groups. Results showed social competences to be a suitable predictor for pupils’ and students’ intercultural competence. Additionally, positive correlations were found between intercultural competence and positive attitudes towards the outgroup. Limitations and implications for future research are discussed.
Seasonal patterns of microhabitat selection in the Southern Iberian spined-loach Cobitis paludica
Authors: Elvira Benigno , Nicola Graciela G. , Ayllón Daniel , Almodóvar Ana 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe Southern Iberian spined-loach Cobitis paludica is an Iberian endemism threatened by human activities, including habitat destruction. For this reason, the development of conservation and the recovery plans for the species calls for a precise knowledge of its habitat requirements. Here, microhabitat use and selection patterns were investigated to determine the limiting factors for the species in different seasons, corresponding to a gradient in flow conditions. The microhabitat of the loach was analysed in the River Jarama (Tagus River basin, central Spain) in the period of maximum activity between March and September 2013. No significant differences in microhabitat use were found between males and females, and only very weak ontogenetic changes were detected. The microhabitat used by the loach varied significantly throughout the study period, generally adapting to the flow-mediated dynamics of available habitat. The most stable pattern throughout the year was the use of very low water velocities. Additionally, the loach made selective use of certain microhabitat features, with slight adjustments to the seasonally changing habitat conditions. The loach significantly selected positions with abundant silt substrate and aquatic vegetation, and avoided coarser substrates. The availability of fine substrates and abundant vegetation is therefore a critical habitat requirement for the loach, which needs instream structures that provide foraging substrate, refuge and safe positions for spawning. Selection of refuge elements (deep habitats, aquatic vegetation) was especially apparent under low-flow conditions. Human activities leading to the loss of these critical microhabitats may threaten the survival of already scarce loach populations.
Propensity score-matched analysis comparing dose-escalated intensity-modulated radiation therapy versus external beam radiation therapy plus high-dose-rate brachytherapy for localized prostate cancer
Authors: Tamihardja Jörg , Lawrenz Ingulf , Lutyj Paul , Weick Stefan , Guckenberger Matthias , Polat Bülent , Flentje Michael 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Dose-escalated external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) and EBRT + high-dose-rate brachytherapy (HDR-BT) boost are guideline-recommended treatment options for localized prostate cancer. The purpose of this study was to compare long-term outcome and toxicity of dose-escalated EBRT versus EBRT + HDR-BT boost.

Methods
From 2002 to 2019, 744 consecutive patients received either EBRT or EBRT + HDR-BT boost, of whom 516 patients were propensity score matched. Median follow-up was 95.3 months. Cone beam CT image-guided EBRT consisted of 33 fractions of intensity-modulated radiation therapy with simultaneous integrated boost up to 76.23 Gy (DMean). Combined treatment was delivered as 46 Gy (DMean) EBRT, followed by two fractions HDR-BT boost with 9 Gy (D90%). Propensity score matching was applied before analysis of the primary endpoint, estimated 10-year biochemical relapse-free survival (bRFS), and the secondary endpoints metastasis-free survival (MFS) and overall survival (OS). Prognostic parameters were analyzed by Cox proportional hazard modelling. Genitourinary (GU)/gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity evaluation used the Common Toxicity Criteria for Adverse Events (v5.0).

Results
The estimated 10-year bRFS was 82.0% vs. 76.4% (p = 0.075) for EBRT alone versus combined treatment, respectively. The estimated 10-year MFS was 82.9% vs. 87.0% (p = 0.195) and the 10-year OS was 65.7% vs. 68.9% (p = 0.303), respectively. Cumulative 5‑year late GU ≥ grade 2 toxicities were seen in 23.6% vs. 19.2% (p = 0.086) and 5‑year late GI ≥ grade 2 toxicities in 11.1% vs. 5.0% of the patients (p = 0.002); cumulative 5‑year late grade 3 GU toxicity occurred in 4.2% vs. 3.6% (p = 0.401) and GI toxicity in 1.0% vs. 0.3% (p = 0.249), respectively.

Conclusion
Both treatment groups showed excellent long-term outcomes with low rates of severe toxicity.
Endotracheal intubation in trauma patients with isolated shock: universally recommended but rarely performed
Authors: Stausberg Timo , Ahnert Tobias , Thouet Ben , Lefering Rolf , Böhmer Andreas , Brockamp Thomas , Wafaisade Arasch , Fröhlich Matthias ,   the TraumaRegister DGU
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The indication for pre-hospital endotracheal intubation (ETI) must be well considered as it is associated with several risks and complications. The current guidelines recommend, among other things, ETI in case of shock (systolic blood pressure < 90 mmHg). This study aims to investigate whether isolated hypotension without loss of consciousness is a useful criterion for ETI.

Methods
The data of 37,369 patients taken from the TraumaRegister DGU® were evaluated in a retrospective study with regard to pre-hospital ETI and the underlying indications. Inclusion criteria were the presence of any relevant injuries (Abbreviated Injury Scale [AIS] ≥ 3) and complete pre-hospital management information.

Results
In our cohort, 29.6% of the patients were intubated. The rate of pre-hospital ETI increased with the number of indications. If only one criterion according to current guidelines was present, ETI was often omitted. In 582 patients with shock as the only indication for pre-hospital ETI, only 114 patients (19.6%) were intubated. Comparing these subgroups, the intervention was associated with longer time on scene (25.3 min vs. 41.6 min; p < 0.001), higher rate of coagulopathy (31.8% vs. 17.2%), an increased mortality (8.2% vs. 11.5%) and higher standard mortality ratio (1.17 vs. 1.35). If another intubation criterion was present in addition to shock, intubation was performed more frequently.

Conclusion
Decision making for pre-hospital intubation in trauma patients is challenging in front of a variety of factors. Despite the presence of a guideline recommendation, ETI is not always executed. Patients presenting with shock as remaining indication and subsequent intubation showed a decreased outcome. Thus, isolated shock does not appear to be an appropriate indication for pre-hospital ETI, but clearly remains an important surrogate of trauma severity and the need for trauma team activation.
Das „impulsive Irresein“ nach Emil Kraepelin
Authors: Rendel Teresa , Steinberg Holger 
Published: May 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Als Teil seines klassifikatorisch-konzeptuellen Gesamtentwurfs beschreibt Emil Kraepelin zu Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts detailliert das bis dahin wenig umgrenzbare Krankheitsbild des „impulsiven Irreseins“. Die dargestellten Erscheinungsformen entsprechen weitestgehend den als typisch weiblich bezeichneten Straftaten des späten 19. und frühen 20. Jahrhunderts.

Fragestellung
Wie legt Kraepelin klassifikatorisch das „impulsive Irresein“ an und welche Formen beschreibt er? Trifft es zu, dass Kraepelin diese Störungen vorwiegend bei Frauen sieht, stellt er eine Verbindung zur Kriminalität von Frauen her und wie passt dies in die Diskurse der Zeit über Weiblichkeit, Strafrecht und Degeneration?

Material und Methoden
Grundlage der Studie ist das von Emil Kraepelin beschriebene Krankheitsbild „impulsives Irresein“, wie er es in seinem Hauptwerk, der zwischen 1909 und 1915 erschienenen 8. Auflage seines Lehrbuches der Psychiatrie, niederlegt. Diese Ausführungen werden ausführlich analysiert und anhand von Sekundärliteratur in einen inhaltlichen und historischen Kontext gesetzt.

Ergebnisse
In Rudimenten ist Kraepelins klinische Einteilung bis heute nachvollziehbar, wenngleich sich große inhaltliche Differenzen zu späterer Literatur zeigen. Kraepelin beschreibt das „impulsive Irresein“ eindeutig als mit dem Weiblichen besetzte Triebstörung.

Diskussion
Mithilfe des „impulsiven Irreseins“ positioniert sich Kraepelin zu wesentlichen wissenschaftlichen Diskursen des frühen 20. Jahrhunderts wie der Strafrechtsdebatte und der Degenerationslehre. Anhand der einzelnen von Kraepelin beschriebenen Formen des „impulsiven Irreseins“ lassen sich verschiedene Konzepte zur Konstruktion und Pathologisierung von Weiblichkeit nachvollziehen. Es diente offenbar auch dazu, gängige Frauenverbrechen innerhalb der patriarchalen Hegemonie erklärbar zu machen.
Manifestationen im Zentralnervensystem nach COVID-19
Authors: Gerhard Ameli , Prüß Harald , Franke Christiana 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungZahlreiche Erkrankungen des Zentralnervensystems sind insbesondere in der Postakutphase nach einer Infektion mit SARS-CoV‑2 („severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2“) beschrieben. Diese umfassen neuroimmunologisch vermittelte Erkrankungen wie Enzephalopathien, Enzephalitiden, Myelitiden, ADEM (akute disseminierte Enzephalomyelitis), ANHLE (akute nekrotisierende hämorrhagische Leukoenzephalitis) und NMOSD (Neuromyelitis-optica-Spektrum-Erkrankungen), aber auch andere wie PRES (posteriores reversibles Enzephalopathiesyndrom), OMAS (Opsoklonus-Myoklonus-Ataxie-Syndrom) sowie zerebrovaskuläre Erkrankungen. Ein para- oder postinfektiöser Zusammenhang wird diskutiert, jedoch sind pathophysiologische Mechanismen bislang unbekannt. Ursächlich könnte eine virusgetriggerte Überaktivierung des Immunsystems mit Hyperinflammation und Zytokinsturm, aber möglicherweise auch die Bildung spezifischer Autoantikörper gegen Gewebe des Zentralnervensystems sein. Eine direkte Schädigung durch die Invasion von SARS-CoV‑2 in das Gehirn oder das Rückenmark scheint keine relevante Rolle zu spielen. Eine exakte klinische Phänotypisierung und Einleitung von Zusatzdiagnostik, auch zum Ausschluss anderer Ursachen, ist empfohlen. Bislang existieren noch keine medikamentösen Therapieoptionen zur Behandlung von ZNS-Manifestationen beim Long-COVID(„coronavirus disease“)-Syndrom. Erste Befunde zu Inflammation und Autoimmunität sind jedoch vielversprechend und könnten zu neuen Therapieansätzen führen.
Reliability-based bottom-up manufacturing cost optimisation for composite aircraft structures
Authors: Morse Llewellyn , Cartabia Lorenzo , Mallardo Vincenzo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA novel methodology is presented for the reliability-based manufacturing cost optimisation of composite aircraft structures. A comprehensive bottom-up costing approach is employed, enabling precise manufacturing cost estimation in terms of material, machine, labour, tooling, and indirect costs. This approach splits the manufacturing process into many individual activities, which can be combined in many different ways, allowing the proposed optimisation methodology to be applied to a wide range of composite aircraft structures. A genetic algorithm (GA) is coupled with a deep neural network (DNN) to efficiently determine the optimal composite ply stacking sequence for every part of an assembled structure. A numerical example featuring a composite-stiffened aircraft fuselage panel is investigated. The reliability of the panel is measured in terms of its buckling resistance, and its manufacturing cost is estimated based on the individual costs of over 20 activities. The labour times for each activity were estimated based on data collected from an aerospace company specialising in the manufacture of advanced composite aircraft structures. Results indicate that material, machine, labour, and tool costs can vary significantly depending on the level of structural reliability required, demonstrating the importance of accounting for non-material costs when designing composite aircraft structures.
Point of care ultrasound in pelvic health: scope of practice, education and governance for physiotherapists
Authors: Smith Mike , Donnelly Gráinne M. , Berry Lucia , Innes Sue , Dixon Jane 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPelvic health and pelvic floor dysfunction have wide-reaching implications across a range of patient groups. Placing ultrasound imaging into the hands of assessing and treating clinicians (i.e. point of care ultrasound, PoCUS) can provide a step change in clinical effectiveness and efficiency. Pelvic floor dysfunction is managed by one or more members of a multi-disciplinary team that includes physiotherapists. Physiotherapists’ involvement includes diagnosis, patient education, identifying shared treatment goals, using rehabilitative strategies and empowering patients through self-management. Drawing upon existing publications in this area and applying framework principles, the authors propose a clinical and sonographic scope of practice for physiotherapists as part of supporting the consolidation and expansion of pelvic health PoCUS. Education and governance considerations are detailed to ensure the robust and safe use of this modality. Alongside empowering the use of ultrasound imaging by clinicians such as physiotherapists in the UK and internationally, we provide clarity to other members of the care pathway and ultrasound imaging professionals.
Fully conservative overset mesh to overcome the blunt body metric singularity in finite difference methods
Authors: Teschner F. , Mundt Ch. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA fully conservative overset mesh method is proposed and applied to overcome the metric singularity at the symmetry line for blunt bodies, e.g., capsules and blunted cones, in general curvilinear coordinates. The overset mesh is placed automatically at the symmetry line by avoiding the collapse of the grid lines using a hexahedral structure in contrast to the prismatic structure of a body-orientated mesh. In addition, the grid points of the overset mesh coincide with those of the body-orientated mesh to avoid interpolation techniques to interchange the flow variables between the two meshes. This coincidence ensures the conservation of the flow variables and avoids uncertainties at the shock as the method is naturally conservative. The thin-layer Navier–Stokes equations for high Reynolds number flows are solved using an AUSM+ or an AUSMPW+ flux vector splitting in combination with a mesh adaption to capture the shock accurately. For verification purposes of the proposed method, a supersonic 2D-axisymmetric hemisphere cylinder is chosen and the results along the wall are verified. Furthermore, the conservative properties of the applied overset mesh method are shown and the results on the stagnation line are presented. In addition, a supersonic 3D calculation is investigated to show the applicability of the presented method for simulations with an angle of attack.
Established and emerging treatments for diabetes-associated lower urinary tract dysfunction
Authors: Erdogan Betül R. , Liu Guiming , Arioglu-Inan Ebru , Michel Martin C. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDysfunction of the lower urinary tract (LUT) including urinary bladder and urethra (and prostate in men) is one of the most frequent complications of diabetes and can manifest as overactive bladder, underactive bladder, urinary incontinence, and as aggravated symptoms of benign prostate hyperplasia. We have performed a selective literature search to review existing evidence on efficacy of classic medications for the treatment of LUT dysfunction in diabetic patients and animals, i.e., α1-adrenoceptor and muscarinic receptor antagonists, β3-adrenoceptor agonists, and phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors. Generally, these agents appear to have comparable efficacy in patients and/or animals with and without diabetes. We also review effects of antidiabetic medications on LUT function. Such studies have largely been performed in animal models. In the streptozotocin-induced models of type 1 diabetes, insulin can prevent and reverse alterations of morphology, function, and gene expression patterns in bladder and prostate. Typical medications for the treatment of type 2 diabetes have been studied less often, and the reported findings are not yet sufficient to derive robust conclusions. Thereafter, we review animal studies with emerging medications perhaps targeting diabetes-associated LUT dysfunction. Data with myoinositol, daidzein, and with compounds that target oxidative stress, inflammation, Rac1, nerve growth factor, angiotensin II receptor, serotonin receptor, adenosine receptor, and soluble guanylyl cyclase are not conclusive yet, but some hold promise as potential treatments. Finally, we review nonpharmacological interventions in diabetic bladder dysfunction. These approaches are relatively new and give promising results in preclinical studies. In conclusion, the insulin data in rodent models of type 1 diabetes suggest that diabetes-associated LUT function can be mostly or partially reversed. However, we propose that considerable additional experimental and clinical studies are needed to target diabetes itself or pathophysiological changes induced by chronic hyperglycemia for the treatment of diabetic uropathy.
Blobbed Topological Recursion of the Quartic Kontsevich Model I: Loop Equations and Conjectures
Authors: Branahl Johannes , Hock Alexander , Wulkenhaar Raimar 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe provide strong evidence for the conjecture that the analogue of Kontsevich’s matrix Airy function, with the cubic potential $$\mathrm {Tr}(\Phi ^3)$$

Tr
(

Φ
3

)

replaced by a quartic term $$\mathrm {Tr}(\Phi ^4)$$

Tr
(

Φ
4

)

, obeys the blobbed topological recursion of Borot and Shadrin. We identify in the quartic Kontsevich model three families of correlation functions for which we establish interwoven loop equations. One family consists of symmetric meromorphic differential forms $$\omega _{g,n}$$

ω

g
,
n

labelled by genus and number of marked points of a complex curve. We reduce the solution of all loop equations to a straightforward but lengthy evaluation of residues. In all evaluated cases, the $$\omega _{g,n}$$

ω

g
,
n

consist of a part with poles at ramification points which satisfies the universal formula of topological recursion, and of a part holomorphic at ramification points for which we provide an explicit residue formula.
Having several options does not increase the time it takes to make a movement to an adequate end point
Authors: Brenner Eli , Smeets Jeroen B. J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThroughout the day, people constantly make choices such as where to direct their gaze or place their foot. When making such movement choices, there are usually multiple acceptable options, although some are more advantageous than others. How much time does it take to make such choices and to what extent is the most advantageous option chosen from the available alternatives? To find out, we asked participants to collect points by tapping on any of several targets with their index finger. It did not take participants more time to direct their movements to an advantageous target when there were more options. Participants chose targets that were advantageous because they were easier to reach. Targets could be easier to reach because the finger was already moving in their direction when they appeared, or because they were larger or oriented along the movement direction so that the finger could move faster towards them without missing them. When the target’s colour indicated that it was worth more points they chose it slightly less fast, presumably because it generally takes longer to respond to colour than to respond to attributes such as size. They also chose it less often than they probably should have, presumably because the advantage of choosing it was established arbitrarily. We conclude that having many options does not increase the time it takes to move to an adequate target.
Experimental Evidence for Manure-Borne Bacteria Invasion in Soil During a Coalescent Event: Influence of the Antibiotic Sulfamethazine
Authors: Billet Loren , Pesce Stéphane , Martin-Laurent Fabrice , Devers-Lamrani Marion 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe fertilization of agricultural soil by organic amendment that may contain antibiotics, like manure, can transfer bacterial pathogens and antibiotic-resistant bacteria to soil communities. However, the invasion by manure-borne bacteria in amended soil remains poorly understood. We hypothesized that this kind of process is both influenced by the soil properties (and those of its microbial communities) and by the presence of contaminants such as antibiotics used in veterinary care. To test that, we performed a microcosm experiment in which four different soils were amended or not with manure at an agronomical dose and exposed or not to the antibiotic sulfamethazine (SMZ). After 1 month of incubation, the diversity, structure, and composition of bacterial communities of the soils were assessed by 16S rDNA sequencing. The invasion of manure-borne bacteria was still perceptible 1 month after the soil amendment. The results obtained with the soil already amended in situ with manure 6 months prior to the experiment suggest that some of the bacterial invaders were established in the community over the long term. Even if differences were observed between soils, the invasion was mainly attributable to some of the most abundant OTUs of manure (mainly Firmicutes). SMZ exposure had a limited influence on soil microorganisms but our results suggest that this kind of contaminant can enhance the invasion ability of some manure-borne invaders.