bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential Effect of Cyclooxygenases 1 and 2 in Late Reproductive Age Women
Authors: Raoof Israa Burhan , Al-Ezzi Muthanna I. 
Published: April 2022

Cyclooxygenases enzymes (COX) are related with ovulation, apoptosis and menstrual disorder. Several studies demonstrate that COX 1 is one of the major sources of prostaglandin but COX 2 is more important in the late reproductive age women. Prostaglandin is bioactive compound excreted from Arachidonic

acid by Cox 1 and Cox 2, play role in the fertility and ovulation but when increased above the normal level especially in menstrual cycle, ectopic pregnancy is attributed to this cause. Cox 1 and Cox 2 inhibitors have been regulated the inflammatory responses include cytokines and tumor growth factors which produced from neutrophil cells by cyclooxygenases activation, it has been used to regular prostaglandin action, especially PGG2 and PGH2. Any changes in the endometrial cells lead to increased vascular inflammation that developed to the late reproductive disease. Steroidogenesis characterized by increased levels of estrogen in the uterus caused uterine infections and elevated cyclooxygenases levels especially during uterine contractions process.
SIRT1 activators as novel therapy for cancer
Authors: Joudah Marwah Saad , Al-Sudani Basma Talib , Arif Inam Sameh 
Published: April 2022

Sirutins 1-7 (SIRT1-7) is an enzyme that depends on NAD+ to be activated, making it a member of the 3rd class of Deacetylase enzymes. SIRT1-7’s activity is involved with metabolism, cell survival and/or death as well as DNA repair, gene repression, inflammatory responses, the

aging process, neuroprotection in addition to possibly helping with the treatment of cancer. Molecules that could have a modifying effect on SIRT1-7’s activity has caught a great attention recently, owing to the fact of how beneficial this enzyme could be. In this review, we attempt to shed a light on these activator compounds and their use in Sirutin activation therapy, particularly SIRT1, for it is the most researched type. One of these compounds is Resveratrol, a natural compound that –due to its SIRT 1 activation potential – could help in the treatment of obesity, prevention of tumor formation as well as decrease in heart function and neuronal loss related to aging; however, Resveratrol has poor bioavailability, which is why structurally reformulated compounds and molecules have been developed. Other molecules that are different from Resveratrol such as SRT1720, SRT2104 and SRT2379 in addition to others, have been used and shown greater activation potential for SIRT1 than Resveratrol.
Preparation and in-Vitro Evaluation of Cinnarizine Raft Forming Chewable Tablets
Authors: Najm Aseel S. , Ali Wedad K. 
Published: April 2022

Cinnarizine is an anti-histaminic drug and is mainly used to treat symptoms accompanying motion sickness like vomiting and dizziness. It has low and variable bioavailability due to its low water solubility. Cinnarizine (weakly basic drug) is formulated as raft forming

chewable Tablets to allow its complete dissolution at the stomach to be absorbed at the upper part of small intestine. Raft forming chewable Tablets are formulated by direct compression method using sodium alginate or pectin as raft forming agents. The prepared Tablets were evaluated for their pre and post- compression parameters and they have shown desirable results regarding evaluation of hardness, thickness, % friability, weight variation, content uniformity, raft strength, weight and volume, in addition to in-vitro drug release. Out of all the prepared formulas F1 selected as the optimum formula with 488.1mg raft strength and 92.34% drug release after 24hrs that is promising for the formulation of the raft system.
Cinnarizine is an anti-histaminic drug and is mainly used to treat symptoms accompanying motion sickness like vomiting and dizziness. It has low and variable bioavailability due to its low water solubility. Cinnarizine (weakly basic drug) is formulated as raft forming

chewable Tablets to allow its complete dissolution at the stomach to be absorbed at the upper part of small intestine. Raft forming chewable Tablets are formulated by direct compression method using sodium alginate or pectin as raft forming agents. The prepared Tablets were evaluated for their pre and post- compression parameters and they have shown desirable results regarding evaluation of hardness, thickness, % friability, weight variation, content uniformity, raft strength, weight and volume, in addition to in-vitro drug release. Out of all the prepared formulas F1 selected as the optimum formula with 488.1mg raft strength and 92.34% drug release after 24hrs that is promising for the formulation of the raft system.
Nigella Sativa Oil for Oral Mucositis
Authors: MohammedAmeen Hazha Abdullah , Mohammed Mohammed Omer , Ali Rebaz HamaGareb , Ahmed Khadija Muhamed , Hussain Saad Abdulrahman 
Published: April 2022

Oral mucositis (OM) is common treatment-induced toxicity in patients receiving chemoradiation for head and neck cancer (HNC). The present study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Nigella sativa (NS) oil in chemoradiation-induced OM of HNC patients. From

January 2017 to May 2018, 40 patients with HNC were randomly allocated into two groups each of 20 patients. The first group received NS oil mouthwash five times daily, while the second group received the routinely followed protocol (magic mouthwash) and served as a control. All patients received radiotherapy (RT) (60-70 Gy) in 30-35 fractions over 6-7 weeks with or without chemotherapy. Patients were evaluated weekly to estimate the onset and severity of OM and the patient’s reported outcomes (pain, swallowing, and functional score). The majority of patients (70%) were men. The commonest primary tumor locations were the larynx (47.5), and pharynx (22.5%) mostly classified as stages III or IV. NS oil significantly reduces the RTOG of mucositis in the last 3 weeks of RT and improves the reported outcomes (pain and swallowing) during the next 6 weeks of RT compared with controls. The majority of patients in the NS group ingested either normal or soft food especially at the end of RT. In conclusion, NS oil decreases the duration and severity of OM with better patient-reported outcome and pain control compared with the routine treatment. NS oil can be considered as a feasible and affordable option for chemoradiation-induced OM in HNC patients.
Studying Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte- Associated Antigen-4 (CTLA-4) gene Polymorphism in a Sample of Iraqi Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
Authors: Shaheed Haneen Subhee , Abbass Wassan Abdul-Kareem , Jasim Suzan Yousif 
Published: April 2022

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) considers as the most common disorder among women during reproductive age. Its common features involve hyperandrogenism, chronic anovulation, and weight gain. Till now, the pathogenesis of PCOS stay unknown, and

there is evidence considered PCOS as a low-grade inflammatory disease. Polycystic ovarian syndrome is associated with a variety of endocrine and metabolic disturbances.
The present study was designed to detect the role of (CTLA-4) gene polymorphism (rs733618) with PCOS. A total of 60 PCOS patients and 30 healthy women, matching in average age and body mass index (BMI), were enrolled in this study. Patients with PCOS were attend to AL - Nahrain University High Institute for Infertility Assisted Reproductive Technology, in Baghdad between Septembers to December/2018. Blood samples were aspirated from both groups to detection (CTLA-4) gene polymorphism (rs733618) by tetra-primer amplification-refractory mutation system based on real time polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-qPCR). The obtained results revealed normal genotyping for both groups. The result of current study confirms that there is no role of (CTLA-4) gene polymorphism (rs 733618) in PCOS.
Antibacterial Activity of Chloroform Extract from Tagetes Erecta L. Flowers
Authors: Ali Zainab Aziz , Jasim Thamer M. , Alani Widad M K 
Published: April 2022

Antibacterial activity of chloroform of T. erecta flower extract was performed on six-gram negative bacteria species (Serratia marcescens, Acinobacter Spp., Escherichia coli, Salmonella Spp., Morganella morganii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and two-gram positive Bac-

teria (Streptococcus pneumonia and Staphylococcus aureus). The antibacterial study was performed by ager well diffusion and disk diffusion methods. The extract shows good results against examined bacteria and the results obtained by agar well diffusion method was better than those obtained from disk diffusion method.
Nitro BlueTetrazolium Chloride and Phagocytic Activity for Entamoeba Histolytica
Authors: Abd-Alkareem Zaid Habeeb , Hussain Jaber Hameed , Waheed Huda Jaber 
Published: April 2022

Background: The NBT consist from two tetrazole molecules consider as the oxidative substance. The quantitative NBT test under standard conditions the leucocyte readiness is brooded together with NBT under standard conditions and declining of the color quantitated after extraction into pyridine is exceptionally valuable in the analysis by Spectro-
photometry Entamoeba histolytica parasite induces apoptosis in host cells by for step(first)adherence to the host cell surface, (second) contact-subordinate cell killing, (third) start of phagocytosis so NBT used to determine percentage of phagocytosis for Entamoeba. Methods: This study was performed on 80 male they were divided to 25 control subjects and 55 subjects were diagnosed to be infected by Entamoeba histolytica at urban and rural areas in wassit province. Entamoeba histolytica and NBT were evaluated. Results: The results showed a significant difference between the two groups (10.96±2.745) for control group and 19.63±3.617 in patients' group with confidence interval (7.056-10.29). P.value P<0.001 ratio minimum number was 7%, 13% for the control and patient groups. Conclusion: There were a significant increase in phagocytic activity of polymorph neaucler neutrophils (PMNs) for reduction of NBT stain
Detection of Lupeol in Calendula Officinalis Grown in Iraq by GC-MS Analysis
Authors: Kadhim Noor Ali , Al-Ani Widad M K , Al-Joboury Ibrahem S. 
Published: April 2022

Triterpenes are abundant group of natural compounds with important structural components of plant’s cell membranes. Free triterpenes stabilize phospholipid bilayers in plant cell membranes just as cholesterol does in animal cell membranes. Lupeol is a pentacyclic trite-
rpene reported to have important physiological and therapeutic effects in human health issues, therefore its extraction from Calendula officinalis flowers and detection by GC-MS is of significant importance.
Histopathological Study of Liraglutide on Renal Deterioration Progression Induced by Doxorubicin
Authors: Luaibi Hayder Hussein , Alabbassi Mustafa Ghazi , Raoof Israa Burhan 
Published: April 2022

Podocyte injury is a major factor in many renal diseases leading to proteinuria that causes the risk of developing kidney deterioration. Glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis are the main histopathological feature as consequence of inflammation and apoptosis a result of

long period of tubular protein load. Liraglutide an incretin hormone (GLP-1) analogue has effective as glycemic control in patient with type 2 diabetes. In recent years, liraglutide appear protected mechanism against inflammation and apoptosis for many tissues through GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) activation unrelated with glycemic control. 36 animal Wister rats used in this experiment, first group include 12 rats set as control group received just the normal saline, while second group include 24 rats induced podocyte injury by doxorubicin single dose and third group treated either normal saline or liraglutide (200 µg /kg/day I.P) for 28 days. Histopathological study is used to assess the protected effect of liraglutide on podocyte injury induced in male rats through three main histopathological changes (glomerulosclerosis, tubular damage, inflammatory infiltration) by Hematoxylin and eosin staining. In this study treatment group(C) with liraglutide appeared significant decreased (P< 0.05) in glomerulosclerosis, tubulointerstitial, and inflammatory infiltration after 28 day of treatment. In conclusion, liraglutide is effective in reducing inflammation and apoptosis which associate with chronic renal development as well as renoprotection by glycemic control which is indirectly effect.
Preparation and in Vitro Evaluation of Soya Lecithin Based Nano Transfersomal Dispersion for Loxoprofen Sodium
Authors: Kadhium Huda S. , Maraie Nidhal K 
Published: April 2022

This work involves investigation and evaluation of the factors that affect the preparation and release of the model class I drug (loxoprofen sodium) to optimize the efficiency of its prepared nano transfersomal dispersion to give rapid onset of action (burst effect) within the

first 2 hours that can continue for further four hours. The work involved preparation of twenty formulas of transfersomal dispersion by thin film method which were nano-sized by probe sonication and characterized morphologically by Transmission electronic microscopic (TEM), zeta potential, particle size, polydispersity index (pdI), pH, physical appearance, entrapment efficiency, viscosity, transmittance and in vitro drug release. The selected nano transfersomal formula (SF16) showed pH (7.2), particle size (393 nm), pdI (0.259), zeta potential (-25), entrapment efficiency (91%) and gave a 73% drug release within the first 2 hours of the in vitro test and continued until it gave 86.35% drug release after 4 h. This work succeeded in preparing optimized tansfersomal dispersion for loxoprofen sodium using different soya lecithin / edge activator percent and different types of edge activator. The optimum formula gave an immediate release of the model drug (loxoprofen sodium) and it was ready to be incorporated in any suitable dosage form to give continuous drug release.
Variables affecting sulfasalazine - ion exchange resin complexation
Authors: Wohaib Ameer Zuhair , Maraie Nidhal Khazaal 
Published: April 2022

The aim of this work is studying the effect of different variables on the loading of sulfasalazine on DEAE sephadex A 25 ion exchange resin as a carrier for systemic action. Different drug: resin complexes (resinate) of different ratios (2:1, 1:1, 1:2, 1:4, 1:6) were prepared, dionized distilled
water used to prepare sulfasalazine solution, and their entrapment efficiency was estimated through changing variable conditions including temperature of stirring, stirring time, stirring speed, pH. The best complex was formed using 1:6 drug: resin ratio prepared at 50 ºC, stirring speed 400 rpm for 120 minutes in deionized water (pH 7). The prepared complex gave 77.8% drug release within 15 minute and continued up to 97.613% within 75 minute upon exchanging the drug with ions of similar charge in the dissolution medium (phosphate buffer pH 7.4).
Design, Synthesis, and Acute Anti-inflammatory Assessment of New 2-methyl Benzoimidazole Derivatives Having 4-Thiazolidinone Nucleus
Authors: Adnan Abdul Muhaimen Amjed , Mahdi Monther Faisal , Khan Ayad kareem 
Published: April 2022

New two derivatives of 2- methyl benzoimidazole were designed, synthesized and evaluated as a potential cyclooxygenase-2 [COX-2] inhibitors. The synthesized compounds have been recognized according to their spectral FT-IR, 1H-NMR data and physical pro-
perties. The newly synthesized compounds were investigated in vivo for their anti-inflammatory activities using egg-white stimulated paw edema method with respect to the effect of propylene glycol 50%v/v [control group] and the ibuprofen [10mg/kg i.p.] was selected as a reference ligand. New compounds showed a significantly higher in vivo anti-inflammatory activity compared with ibuprofen as a reference drug. COX-2 selectivity evaluation through molecular docking via GOLD suite [v. 5.6.2.]. The new compounds via molecular docking showed significant higher activities when compared with ibuprofen as referenced drugs because of having hydrogen bonding interaction toward the key amino acids within COX-2 structure and all these results were compatible with the study of in vivo acute anti-inflammatory activities for tested compounds. ADME studies were performed to predict absorption, bioavailability, topological polar surface area, and drug-likeness. The results of ADME studies showed that all synthesized compounds absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract.
Clinical and biochemical comparative study between alternate and every day clofibrate – lovastatin combination therapy on mixed hyperlipidaemia
Authors: Maiada Al – Mousilly M. , Bahir Al – Kunany A. 
Published: April 2022

Mixed hyperlipidaemia is the most common form of hyperlipidaemias,where the patients have an elevation in both triglycerides and cholesterol levels with a high risk of atherosclerosis and chronic heart diseases. The therapeutic approach for this disorder described a range from nonpharmacologic lifestyle modifications to newly introduced pharmacologic options.Depending on the basis of recent reports involve fibrate - statin combination and associated with increase the incidence of side effects (myopathy, hepatotoxicity) and therapeutic cost, we suggest and investigate in our study a clinical trial for management of this metabolic disorder by using clofibrate and lovastatin on alternate days instead of the standard daily combination of the same drugs.
The study compares the safety, efficacy and cost of both therapeutic regimens for three months follow- up period. A total of 44 patients with a known mixed hyperlipidaemia were enrolled in this study. Of the 40 patients who completed the study, 20 (10 males, 10 females) received alternate - day therapy (group I), their age and weight ranges were (40-65) years and (62-85) Kg, respectively. The remaining 20 (10 males, 10 females) received every day therapy (group II), their age and weight ranges were (42- 67) years and (65-89) Kg, respectively. Ten healthy age – matched control subjects (5 males , 5 females) .The biochemical investigations involve measuring total serum cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL and HDL cholesterol levels as parameters of lipid - lowering agent efficacy; while SGOT,SGPT and CK levels as parameters of safety. All of these parameters were determined at baseline (day 0) and after three months of treatment for both therapeutic groups.The study revealed that there was no significant difference between both treatment groups regarding the percent changes in lipid profiles from baseline values. These profiles had been returned to normal limits in all patients in both groups. The mean of SGOT levels for both treatment groups was significantly higher than that of control, but with group II the extent was more, while for SGPT levels group II only was significantly higher (less safety) than control one. With respect to CK levels and for both treatment groups, only slight elevation (not significant) occurred compared with control, but with group II the extent was more.With group I, the therapeutic cost was reduced by nearly 50% compared with group-II. By this clinical and biochemical trial, we decreased the side effects and cost of fibrate - statin combination while keeping their efficacy in lowering serum lipids.
Binding of 99mTc to human serum albumin
Authors: Loay Abdulrahman K. 
Published: April 2022

The specificity of 99m Tc-MDP binding to HSA was examined , the results showed that the non specific binding was 21-23% of the total binding . The range of optimum pH for the binding was 7.4-7.6 . The most suitable amounts for HSA to give maximum binding was (70mg)per incubation medium , binding seemed to be affected by 99m Tc- MDP concentration and also mono and divalent metal chloride salts. The association constants (ka) and maximum binding capacity (Bmax) of 99m Tc-MDP binding to its binding sites of HSA was determined from scatchard and double reciprocal plots , the results revealed that (ka) and (Bmax) values were temperature dependant.
Curcumin as adjuvant therapy to Meloxicam in treatment of patients with knee Osteoarthritis; Evaluation of antioxidant activity
Authors: Baqer Maiss Saadi , Mohammed Mohammed Mahmood , Jassim Nizar Abdullateef 
Published: April 2022

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disease that doubled in prevalence since the mid of 20th century most commonly due to obesity and aging. Osteoarthritis can affect any joint in the body. The pathogenesis of OA is multifactorial influenced by range of biochemical and mechanical factors.
Oxidative stress is described to play an important role in many diseases including OA. Accumulating evidences suggested the beneficial effect of anti-oxidants for reducing OA severity. Curcumin is a well-known antioxidant agent that acts by different mechanisms in modulating oxidative stress status. This study was designed to evaluate the antioxidant effect of curcumin as adjuvent therapy to a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, meloxicam, in the management of knee osteoarthritis. This prospective open-labelled randomized controlled study was carried out on forty-two eligible patients who were allocated in two groups, serum superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3) and glutathione reductase (GR) were measured at baseline and after 3 months of the study. Pain and physical function assessment were evaluated by oxford knee score (OKS). Results illustrated highly significant improvement in pain and physical function scores when curcumin used as adjuvant to meloxicam, also curcumin supplementation resulted in significant increase in SOD3 serum level and only a modest decrease in GR serum level when compared to meloxicam alone. In conclusion, this study demonstrated benefit of curcumin when used in combination with meloxicam over using meloxicam alone in modulating antioxidant parameters in blood, in addition to significantly improving pain and physical function after 3 months of treatment.
Breast Cancer in Mosul: A Survival Analysis
Authors: Al-Saigh Taha HT , Al-bayati Shahbaa A , Abdul-mawjood Shatha A , Ahmed Faris A 
Published: April 2022

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women, and the major cause of death. This study was conducted in order to make a descriptive study and survival analysis for breast cancer patients in Mosul. Two hundred forty-six early diagnosed women with breast cancer out of 290 patients were included during the period from March 2007 to February 2012. The average follows up was 36.
months (range: 11-67 months). The patients were undergone modified radical removal of the breast, chemotherapy and deep radiation. Patients with estrogen positive were given tamoxifen for five years. Patients with Her2/neu positive were given trastuzumab with docytaxil for one year. Only 25 patients (10.2%) died during the study. The highest incidence of breast cancer (35.8%) was between the ages 51 ≥ 60 years. The presentation of cancer was high (90.1%) in the lumber. Tumor in the right side (66.35%) was significantly higher than the left side. Metastasis was high (25%) and most of them in the liver (19.1%). The percentage of patients with positive estrogen, progesterone, and Her2/neu receptors were not different from negative receptors. Cox regression analysis showed that metastasis had significant effect on death (hazard ratio=2.917). Age 31 ≥ 40 years was the least affected age (hazard ratio=0.034). In conclusion, survival rate of breast cancer patients in Mosul is high due to good management. The early detection of cancer is the best way for survival of the patients, by developing the educational programs.