bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of parent lithology in nanoscale clay-mineral transformations in a subtropical monsoonal climate
Authors: Zhao Lulu , Hong Hanlie , Yin Ke , Cheng Shi , Wang Xinghong , Algeo Thomas J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Clay minerals are among the most important reactive components of soil systems, acting as a bridge linking organic and inorganic components. Lithology is a key factor in clay-mineral genesis and transformation, yet it has received scant attention to date at the nanoscale. Inferences regarding pedogenic clay-mineral transformations based on X-ray diffraction (XRD) are sometimes speculative, whereas mineralogic relationships documented by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) are more robust due to direct evidence from lattice-fringe observations. In this contribution, the mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of four soils derived from different parent rock types (a gneiss, an Fe-rich siltstone, a sandstone, and a dolostone) from subtropical China were determined using HRTEM, XRD, and geochemical elemental data. The predominance of 2:1 clay minerals and kaolinite in the investigated soils is typical of subtropical climatic settings. Lattice-fringe images suggest the prevalence of topotactic transformations during clay-mineral alteration. Two distinct alteration pathways were observed in the investigated soils, one starting with chlorite and the other with illite, with convergence of mineralogic compositions toward kaolinite and crystalline iron and aluminum (oxyhydr)oxides. In the early stages of weathering, chlorite transformed into expandable clays through a continuous, solid-state mechanism with corrensite and/or randomly interstratified chlorite-vermiculite/chlorite-smectite as intermediate products. Unlike chlorite, which tends to form a 1:1 regularly interstratified phase, the weathering of illite commonly starts at layer edges. Under subtropical monsoonal climates, the precursor minerals in host rocks and aeolian materials determine the starting composition and, to a certain extent, the trajectory of clay-mineral transformation over time. With advanced weathering, mineralogic convergence toward kaolinite and Fe/Al-(oxyhydr)oxides tends to obscure the initial substrate composition. This study advances our understanding of the role of parent lithology in clay-mineral evolution at the nanoscale.
How ‘smart’ are we with smart technology: comparison of water ATMs in Nairobi and Delhi
Authors: Sarkar Anindita 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
New forms of decentralized water infrastructure with digital projects driven by private investment are being introduced in low-income urban neighborhoods in the global south with the aim of increasing the coverage of affordable and safe water. These ‘smart’ water-vending machines are gaining popularity to meet water demand in growing cities as they are low-cost, transparent, revenue generating and replicable. However, field evidence from Nairobi and Delhi shows that similar technologies implemented to solve similar problems in different geographical and social settings can have completely different outcomes. Smart technologies can offer better outcomes when the implementing agencies and policy makers make smart choices about implementation, setting aside utopian hype.
Removal of persistent organic pollutants and disinfection of pathogens from secondary treated municipal wastewater using advanced oxidation processes
Authors: Ganesh Kumar P. , Kanmani S. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
An affordable and sustainable tertiary treatment is imperative to solve the secondary contamination issues related to wastewater reuse. To decontaminate and disinfect the actual secondary treated wastewater, various types of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have been studied. The optimization of the oxidant and catalyst is carried out to identify the best-performing system. Under selected experimental conditions, UV/peroxymonosulfate (PMS), O3/PMS, UV/MnO2, O3/MnO2, UV/O3/H2O2, O3/MnO2/H2O2, UV/MnO2/H2O2, and UV/O3/MnO2 has been identified as an efficient treatment option for simultaneous decontamination (&gt;90% COD removal) and disinfection (100% inactivation of the total viable count of bacteria). The techno-economic assessment revealed that UV/MnO2 (23.5 $ kg−1 of COD) UV/O3/MnO2 (37.4 $ kg−1 of COD), UV/H2O2/MnO2 (36.4 $ kg−1 of COD), and O3/MnO2/H2O2 (32.5 $ kg−1 of COD) are comparatively low-cost treatment processes. Overall, UV/MnO2, UV/H2O2/MnO2, and O3/MnO2/H2O2 are the three best treatments. Nevertheless, further investigation on by-product and catalyst toxicity/recovery is needed. The results showed that AOPs are a technologically feasible treatment for simultaneously removing persistent organic pollutants and pathogens from secondary treated wastewater.
Mechanochemical treatment for degradation of ciprofloxacin (CIP) in solutions
Authors: Feng Xiujuan , Dong Chengliang , Wang Xiaoyi , Wang Jihao 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Ciprofloxacin (CIP) is a kind of widely used fluoroquinolone antibiotic, and the widespread presence of CIP in aquatic environment has become a serious issue. Mechanochemical treatment (MCT), as an effective approach to degrade persistent organic pollutants, has many advantages of low cost, simplicity, and being environmentally innocuous. However, little attention has been paid to employing MCT to treat effluents containing CIP. In this study, MCT was introduced to degrade CIP in aquatic solutions. A series of CIP degradation experiments were conducted by a planetary ball mill, and the influences of main parameters on CIP degradation efficiency were investigated. Furthermore, an optimum combination was selected through orthogonal experiments, and CIP degradation efficiency could reach as high as 99% in certain conditions. Besides, the biotoxicity of CIP solution was also studied. MCT exhibits satisfying performance for degrading CIP in solutions, which makes MCT a promising approach to CIP elimination and also encourages further applications in treating effluents containing other organic pollutants.
On a method for ensuring functional safety of a system with single-channel information processing
Authors: Shubinsky I. B. , Rozenberg E. N. , Korovin A. S. , Penkova N. G. 
Published: September 2022

The paper Aims to reduce the cost of onboard train control systems by using an architecture with a single-channel source of information (in this case, axle counters) and a two-channel receiver of information (in this case, an on-board control system) instead of the conventional architecture, whereas the generator and receiver are to have at least two channels. Additionally, in order to ensure the system’s safety, the failure detection mechanism embedded in the most common multichannel architecture that involves comparing the outputs of the onboard unit’s channels is complemented by software verification algorithms that enable a SIL4-compliant level of correct failure detection of the single-channel device (in this case, an axle counter). This level is primarily characterized by the quantitative indicator “probability of correct detection” and achieving the goal requires calculating the acceptable and, at the same time, achievable range of this probability and the performance parameters of the verification algorithms, of which it is a function. Methods. The paper shows two safety models of an onboard train control system, i.e., the conventional architecture with two-channel generating and receiving devices and the architecture with a single-channel source and a two-channel receiver of information. The graph models feature similar states and only differ in terms of the model parameters. By applying the topological method [1] to the conditions of the problem, within both models, formulas were derived for calculating the mean time to hazardous failure, rate and probability of hazardous failures. Input values were identified, including the probabilities of correct detection of failure of the on-board system and axle counter, the values of those safety indicators were calculated, allowing to attribute the system to one of the four discrete safety integrity levels. Results. The paper defines the probabilistic performance indicators of failure detection software and hardware for an architecture with a single-channel source and a two-channel receiver of information. Indicator definition involves setting maximum permissible values that enable the quantitative safety indicators (mean time to hazardous failure, rate and probability of hazardous failures) not worse than those of a conventional architecture with twochannel generating and receiving devices. The efficiency parameters that are the most safetycritical due to their significant effect on correct failure detection (in this case, the axle counter) are identified. The findings show that it is possible to reduce hardware-related costs without compromising compliance with the safety requirements when using single-channel sources (in this case, axis counters) and two-channel receivers of information (in this case, an on-board control system) that feature software enabling an appropriately high level of correct failure detection (in this case, of an axle counter).
Free Fatty Acid Receptors (FFARs): Emerging Therapeutic Targets
for the Management of Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Loona Dapinder Pal Singh , Das Bhanuranjan , Kaur Ramandeep , Kumar Rajnish , Yadav Ashok Kumar 
Published: September 2022

Abstract:
Free fatty acids (FFAs) present in our dietary fats not only act as vital nutrients
but also function as signalling molecules and modulate key biological functions through
their active involvement in a multitude of energy metabolism pathways. However, it has
been reported that excessive intake of dietary fat contributes to the development of different
types of Diabetes mellitus. Free fatty acid receptors are the key regulators of most
metabolic disorders. Among them, diabetes mellitus is a severe growing disorder and
found in every corner of the world. For various metabolic disorders, particularly type 2 diabetes
mellitus, these different free fatty acid receptors are being explored as drug targets.
In the present review, various FFAs sensing G-protein coupled receptors (GPR) like
GPR40 (FFAR1), GPR43 (FFAR2), GPR41 (FFAR3), GPR120 (FFAR4), and GPR84 are
being explored as emerging novel therapeutic targets for antidiabetic drugs. Additionally,
this review has covered pre-clinical discovery and development of different selective ligands
targeted to these receptors starting from hit identification to lead optimization via
chemical modification and the challenges and tactics selected by different medicinal
chemists to improve potency, physicochemical properties, safety profiles, and pharmacokinetics
of different FFAR agonists for making a potential drug candidate. Several molecules
have been withdrawn in the clinical trials without reporting any reasons. We believe
that this review will help the researchers to find a new direction in the discovery of new
antidiabetic drugs.
Heuristic Analysis of Genomic Sequence Processing Models for High Efficiency Prediction: A Statistical Perspective
Authors: Shrimankar Deepti D. , Durge Aditi R. , Sawarkar Ankush D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract:
Genome sequences indicate a wide variety of characteristics, which include species and
sub-species type, genotype, diseases, growth indicators, yield quality, etc. To analyze and study the
characteristics of the genome sequences across different species, various deep learning models have
been proposed by researchers, such as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), Deep Belief Networks
(DBNs), Multilayer Perceptrons (MLPs), etc., which vary in terms of evaluation performance, area of
application and species that are processed. Due to a wide differentiation between the algorithmic implementations,
it becomes difficult for research programmers to select the best possible genome processing
model for their application. In order to facilitate this selection, the paper reviews a wide variety
of such models and compares their performance in terms of accuracy, area of application, computational
complexity, processing delay, precision and recall. Thus, in the present review, various deep
learning and machine learning models have been presented that possess different accuracies for different
applications. For multiple genomic data, Repeated Incremental Pruning to Produce Error Reduction
with Support Vector Machine (Ripper SVM) outputs 99.7% of accuracy, and for cancer genomic
data, it exhibits 99.27% of accuracy using the CNN Bayesian method. Whereas for Covid genome
analysis, Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory with CNN (BiLSTM CNN) exhibits the highest accuracy
of 99.95%. A similar analysis of precision and recall of different models has been reviewed.
Finally, this paper concludes with some interesting observations related to the genomic processing
models and recommends applications for their efficient use.
Combinatory Approaches Targeting Cognitive Impairments and Memory
Enhancement: A Review
Authors: Kale Pravin Popatrao , Gupta Varun Santosh 
Published: September 2022

Abstract:
The objective of this paper is to look at how natural medicines can improve cognition and memory when used with sildenafil, a popular erectile dysfunction medicine that also has nootropic properties. Newer treatment strategies to treat the early stages of these diseases need to be developed. Multiple factors lead to complex pathophysiological conditions, which are responsible for various long-term complications. In this review, a combination of treatments targeting these pa-thologies is discussed. These combinations may help manage early and later phases of cognitive impairments. The purpose of this article is to discuss a link between these pathologies and a combi-national approach with the objective of considering newer therapeutic strategies in the treatment of cognitive impairments. The natural drugs and their ingredients play a major role in the management of disease progression. Additionally, their combination with sildenafil allows for more efficacy and better response. Studies showing the effectiveness of natural drugs and sildenafil are mentioned, and how these combinations could be beneficial for the treatment of cognitive impairments and amnesia are summarised. Furthermore, preclinical and clinical trials are required to explore the medicinal potential of these drug combinations.
Calixarene Derivatives: A Mini-Review on their Synthesis and Demands in
Nanosensors and Biomedical Fields
Authors: Abd Karim Nur Farah Nadia , Supian Faridah Lisa , Musa Mazlina , Ayop Shahrul Kadri , Azmi Mohd Syahriman Mohd , Yazid Muhammad Dain , Yi Wong Yeong 
Published: September 2022

Abstract:
Nanotechnology has been widely studied in biomedical applications in the last decade. The
revolution in nanotechnology triggers the fabrication of nanomaterials with novel properties and functionalities,
making the research in nanosensors and biomedical rapidly expanding. Nanosensor application
has improved the sensitivity by enhancing their catalytic activity, conductivity, and biocompatibility.
Calixarene is excellent as a sensing element used as a sensor due to its unique host-guest properties.
Three major types of calixarene which are extensively studied are calix[4]arene, calix[6]arene,
and calix[8]arene. These organic nanomaterials resemble vase-like supramolecular structures and exhibit
valuable properties. Calixarene's basic molecular design is the cyclic phenol tetramer with four
aryl groups, perfect for molecular recognition such as cations, transition metal ions, and heavy metals.
Calixarenes may form stable complexes with biomolecules in developing biosensors for protein, enzyme,
and antibody sensing. Calixarene's lower rim can be modified for optimum molecular interaction
with guest molecules such as anions, cations, and neutral molecules. The lower ring has welldefined
conformation properties and cavities, which allow trapping guest drugs such as imatinib,
paclitaxel, and temozolomide. Calixarene also possesses good biocompatibility and innocuousness
and gained attention for cancer treatment due to the response to multiple stimuli, stability, avoiding
non-specific cell uptake, and reaching the target for treatment effect. This review paper focuses on the
synthesis and characteristics of calixarene applied in nanosensors as an ideal complex agent in drug
transportation and controlled drug released for biomedical research.
Inorganic Phosphate (Pi) in the Breast Cancer Microenvironment: Production,
Transport and Signal Transduction as Potential Targets for Anticancer
Strategies
Authors: Lacerda-Abreu Marco Antonio , Meyer-Fernandes José Roberto 
Published: September 2022

Abstract:
Tumor cells develop a high demand for inorganic phosphate (Pi) due to their high growth
rates and energy requirements. Serum Pi concentrations in cancer patients have been found to be two
to four times higher than baseline levels in healthy individuals. Twofold Pi accumulation was observed
in breast cancer cells in the mouse tumor microenvironment. In the breast tumoral microenvironment,
ectonucleotidases and ectophosphatases—presenting catalytic sites facing the extracellular
environment—could be involved in the extracellular release of Pi to be internalized by Pi transporters
to fuel the high energy requirement typical of cancer cells. Two Pi transporters were characterized in
breast cancer cells (Na+-dependent and H+-dependent) with strong associations with tumor processes
such as proliferation, migration, adhesion, and epithelium-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Moreover,
a high extracellular Pi concentration stimulates ROS production in triple-negative breast cancer cells
by Pi transport stimulation. Several compounds show a potent ability to inhibit ectonucleotidases, ectophosphatases,
Pi transporters, and Pi-modulated signal pathways in breast cancer cells and regulate
proliferation, migration, adhesion, and EMT. This review article aimed to gather the relevant experimental
records regarding Pi's effects on the breast cancer microenvironment and points to possible inhibitors
for ectonucleotidases, ectophosphatases, Pi transporters, and Pi-modulated signal pathways as
potential chemotherapeutic agents or Pi acting as a potent enhancer of classical chemical-induced cytotoxicity
in triple-negative breast cancer cells.
Sleep Disturbance, Irritability, and Response to Lurasidone Treatment in
Children and Adolescents with Bipolar Depression
Authors: Singh Manpreet K. , Siu Cynthia , Tocco Michael , Pikalov Andrei , Loebel Antony 
Published: September 2022

Background::
The presence of mixed (subsyndromal hypomanic) symptoms may influence
treatment outcomes in pediatric bipolar depression. This post-hoc analysis investigated “bridge” symptoms
that have cross-sectional and predictive associations with depressive and manic symptom clusters
in youth with bipolar depression.

Methods::
The moderating effects of these bridge symptoms on the response to flexibly dosed
lurasidone 20-80 mg/d compared to placebo treatment was analyzed in children and adolescents with
bipolar I depression in a six-week, placebo-controlled, double-blind study followed by a 2-year, openlabel
extension study of lurasidone.

Results::
Sleep disturbances, assessed by “difficulty with sleep” (Children’s Depression Rating Scale,
Revised [CDRS-R] item 4) and “decreased need for sleep” (Young Mania Rating Scale [YMRS] item
4), and “irritability” (CDRS-R item-8, YMRS item 5) were identified as “bridge” symptoms and found
to have replicable causal associations with depressive (CDRS-R total) and manic symptom clusters
(YMRS total) at baseline and week-6. A greater improvement in overall depression severity at week 6
with lurasidone (vs. placebo) treatment was observed in the presence (vs. absence) of decreased need
for sleep at study baseline, mediated in part by significant reductions from study baseline in decreased
need for sleep and manic symptom severity. The absence of sleep disturbance and irritability in patients
at open-label extension study baseline was associated with higher rates of sustained recovery
(symptomatic and functional remission) over 6 months compared to patients with those symptoms at
baseline (68% vs. 50%, Number Needed to Treat=6).

Conclusion::
Our findings suggest that sleep disturbance and irritability are cardinal symptoms that
“bridge” between depressive and manic symptom clusters and influence treatment outcomes in youth
with bipolar depression.
The Synthesis of Amides from Benzoic Acids and Dicarbodiimides Under
Catalyst-Free Conditions
Authors: Wu Fengtian , Wu Ling , Cui Chunna , Yan Fangming , Zeng Rong , Sun Yijia , Liu Xiuping , Zhang Caihong , Chen Yenan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract:
Amides are a critical class of widely distributed heterocycles in nature. The preparation of amides from benzoic acids and dicarbodiimides under catalyst-free conditions was reported. Various products were obtained in good to high yields. The model reaction could be scaled up to the gram-scale level. A reaction mechanism was proposed based on control experiments and relevant literatures.
Remifentanil and Propofol Co-loaded Nanoemulsion: Formulation Development
and In vivo Pharmacodynamic Evaluation
Authors: Hou Lei , Tian Hang 
Published: September 2022

Background:
The present work is an effort to develop novel propofol (PPF) and remifentanil
(RFT) co-loaded nanoemulsion (NME) for the treatment of anesthetic effects.

Methods:
The PPF/RFT NME was prepared via the high-pressure homogenization method. Its
physicochemical properties were assessed to ensure good quality and suitability for i.v. administration.
We also studied the in vivo pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of PPF/RFT NME in dogs with an
optimized formulation.

Results:
This study showed that the mean particle size of PPF/RFT NME was 124.2 nm and the zeta
potential was −20.6 mV. In the stability test, the NME maintained a good round shape and did not
demonstrate any significant changes in physicochemical characteristics. In terms of the in vitro release,
the early burst release of the NME preparations containing PPF or RFT was ideal in clinical practice,
where a loading dose or a rapid onset of the drug was required. Based on histopathological observations,
no histological change occurred to the rat organs after the administration of PPF/RFT NME. Regarding
pharmacodynamics, compared with the combination group at the same dose, PPF/RFT NME could make
animals enter the anesthetic state faster and the anesthetic effects last longer. In addition, vital signs of
PPF/RFT NME could be maintained in a good state while better effects were delivered.

Conclusions:
This study used PPF and RFT to prepare a compound NME. This could reduce the
anesthesiologist's administration time and make the anesthesia process more efficient.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 3,9-Dioxatetraasteranes as Potential
Inhibitors of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor
Authors: Wang Hongjun , Tian Nana , Chu Dongchen , Yan Hong 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a validated and therapeutically
amenable target, and inhibition of the EGFR signaling pathway has emerged as an attractive target for
cancer therapy.

Methods:
The present work was designed to synthesize and evaluate the antiproliferative activity of a
novel series of 3,9-dioxatetraasteranes as potential inhibitors of EGFR. All target compounds were evaluated
for antiproliferative activity in vitro against A549 and HepG2 cell lines.

Results:
Among the target compounds, compound B13 displayed the most potent antiproliferative activity
against A549 with IC50 = 4.31 μM and HepG2 with IC50 = 6.92 μM. In addition, a molecular docking
study was performed to investigate the binding mode and binding capacity with EGFR (PDB code:
1M17).

Conclusion:
The results indicated that 3,9-dioxatetraasteranes may be promising potential EGFR inhibitors.