bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interspecific Blueberry Grafting, a Way to Extend Vaccinium Culture to Different Soils1
Authors: Galletta G. J. , Fish A. S. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Several blueberry species were successfully intergrafted. A graft combination of particular horticultural promise in North Carolina was highbush blueberry (V. corymbosum L.) scions grafted onto rabbiteye blueberry (V. ashei Reade) rootstocks, which took advantage of the superior soil adaptability and vigor of the rabbiteye species. Spring grafting and midsummer T-budding were the most successful grafting methods. Stock-scion compatibility was very broad; 24 different highbush scions were successfully grafted onto rabbiteye and sparkleberry (V. arboreum Marsh) roots. Delayed incompatibility symptoms were not found 7 to 10 yrs after grafting. Grafted plants produced new sprouts (“suckers”) from the rootstock crown area, which had to be removed annually. Sucker production increased with age, and varied with season and rootstock. Grafted highbush on rabbiteye plants succeeded in growth and fruiting on several soils on which ungrafted highbush plants had previously failed. Yields of grafted plants were average for the scion cultivar, varying with soil type differences and with number of grafts per plant. Blueberry scion cultivars tended to perform better on one or the other of 2 different rootstocks.
Effects of Tomato Juice on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth1
Authors: Huang Han , Yamaguchi M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Tomato seeds were more responsive than wheat or lettuce seeds to the presence of an inhibitor in the juice of tomato fruits. Seed germination and seedling growth decreased with increasing concentrations of juice. Inhibition of seed germination in 20% juice with an osmotic concentration of less than 0.1 M was significantly less than in 0.1 M glucose or mannitol with 0.01 M citric acid at pH 4.4. The inhibitor in tomato juice was thermostable, but the effect decreased with prolonged storage at -20°C. There were cultivar differences in the amount of inhibitor present in ripe tomato fruits.
Effect of Day Temperature and Light Intensity on Concentration of Malic and Tartaric Acids in Vitis vinifera L. Grapes1
Authors: Kliewer W. M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The concn of malic and tartaric acids in fruits from ‘Cardinal’ and ‘Pinot noir’ vines grown in phytotron rooms were negatively correlated with fruit maturity (°Brix). The rate of decrease of both acids was dependent on temperature and cultivar, but relatively independent of light intensity. Curvilinear regressions (hyperbolas) best described the decrease of malic and tartaric acids in the fruits with the former acid always decreasing at the faster rate. Part of the decrease of tartaric and malic acids in fruits during ripening was attributed to the formation of salts of these acids.
The concn of monobasic salts of malic and tartaric acids were usually higher in fruits grown under low light intensity than at high light intensity. Mono-and di-basic tartrates and dibasic malate were present in higher concn in grapes ripened at 30° than at 20°C; however, the reverse was true for monobasic malate salt. The level of dibasic malate and tartrate salts in fruits ripened at 30° increased with fruit maturity, but the concn of these salts in berries ripened at 20° varied relatively little as ripening progressed.
Effects of Leaf Position and Sampling Date on Leaf Nutrient Composition of Eleven Highbush Blueberry Cultivars1
Authors: Eaton G. W. , Meehan C. N. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Four types of leaf samples were taken in June and August 1966 from 11 early, mid-season, and late cultivars of highbush blueberry Vaccinium corymbosum L. The first three were the 1st, 2nd and 3rd mature leaves of current-season shoots subtending fruit clusters and the 4th was a composite collection of these leaves. Each sample was analysed for N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and Fe.
Differences among cultivars were significant for all elements tested. Every cultivar had less Ca in June than in August, and most cultivars had lower Mg in June than in August. Most cultivars had similar N and Fe content in both months, but had higher P and K in June than in August. In June, K was lower in samples of young leaves than in composite samples. In August, young leaves were higher in Mg. In June, composite samples were higher in P than the second and third mature leaves. Cultivars, as well as sampling position and time will be important in evolving diagnostic criteria in highbush blueberry leaf analysis.
Development of Intra-Ovarian Ovaries in Carica papaya L.1
Authors: Nakasone H. Y. , Arkle T. D. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The occurrence of intra-ovarian ovaries in certain strains of Carica papaya L. is not uncommon. Approximately 150 hermaphroditic and 25 female ovaries from a hybrid progeny contained internal ovaries in stages of development ranging from thread-like appendages to round or elongated pistils of various sizes and shapes. A few were large enough to fill the entire seed cavity of the primary fruit and possessed their own cavities with non-viable seeds.
Internal ovaries originate either from stimulated growth of rudimentary pistillate structures extending from the central axis of the receptacle or from placentae in positions normally occupied by ovules. The placenta may be in its normal parietal position or a single strand may become free, extended from the base of the primary ovary and support a mal-shaped secondary ovary as well as ovules. The occurrence of internal ovaries supports theories proposed by other investigators on the evolution of floral morphology in the papaya.
The Boron Content of Developing Pear, Apple and Cherry Flower Buds1
Authors: Woodbridge C. G. , Venegas A. , Crandall P. C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Fruit buds of pear, apple and cherry, collected between the late dormant period and petal fall, were separated into their various parts and analyzed for B. Generally, the B content of the tissues reflected the amount in the soil. Total B increased gradually as the bud enlarged and then rapidly as the flower opened to full bloom. In many of the flower parts the B level was high. During the bloom period, the blossom parts (styles, petals, sepals, anthers, filaments and receptacles) contained more B than the leaves and pedicels.
Control of Rose Blackspot in the Field with Benomyl1,2
Authors: Semeniuk P. , Palmer J. G. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Rose plants grown in large circular tiles sealed internally and sunk in a field were sprayed with an aqueous suspension of conidia of Diplocarpon rosae Wolf, 2 weeks after initial applications of methyl l-butylcarbamoyl-2-benzimidazolecarbamate (benomyl). Weekly benomyl spray applications confined foliar infections to 35 ± 5% of the leaflets after 4 months compared with almost 100% infection in the untreated controls. Benomyl, applied once to the soil surface (either 1 or 2 lb. active ingredients/25 ft2), held infections to approximately 60%. One pound of the active ingredient per 25 ft2 of soil surface, applied 3 times at one-month intervals, held infections to approximately 35% on ‘Pink Radiance’, 40% on ‘Nocturne’, and 50% on ‘Red Radiance’. Blackspots on plants in soil treated with benomyl usually were small, linear, and interveinal compared with typical oval to oblong cross-veinal spots on sprayed or untreated plants. After wintering outside, all benomyl treated plants, but only 50% of the untreated plants were alive. The treated plants were larger and more vigorous than the untreated plants. At this time, foliar symptoms were most prevalent on plants that had been unsprayed or sprayed with benomyl and were least on those that had received 3 soil applications of benomyl during the preceding summer.
The Influence of Nitrogen and Potassium Nutrition on Vine and Root Development of the ‘Allgold’ Sweetpotato at Early Stage of Storage Root Enlargement1
Authors: Knavel Dean E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Plants of the ‘Allgold’ sweetpotato were grown for 60 days with 3 levels of N and K in a peat-perlite medium to determine the influence of these nutrients on plant development early in the stage of root enlargement. Dry vine and fresh root weights were highly correlated, with high N and medium K resulting in the largest vine and root weights. The numbers of roots were influenced more by K than by N, but the size of roots was influenced more by N than by K. The addition of N without K was responsible for long roots, and the addition of K reduced root length at all N levels.
Azalea Flower Bud Development and Dormancy as Influenced by Temperature and Gibberellic Acid1
Authors: Larson Roy A. , Sydnor T. Davis 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Flower bud development was ascertained by biweekly dissections of shoot apices, until bud color was apparent. Satisfactory results were obtained when plants were given 3 weeks at 2 or 9°C, followed by 3 applications of GA3 at 250 ppm. The results were less satisfactory when attempts were made to completely substitute GA3 for the cool temp requirement to break dormancy.
Effects of Succinic Acid-2,2-dimethylhydrazide and Photoperiod-Temperature Manipulation on Flowering and Vegetative Bypassing in Azalea cvs. Red Wing and Alaska1
Authors: Brown William L. , Box C. O. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Combinations of temp, photoperiod, and succinic acid-2,2-dimethylhydrazide (SADH) treatments were applied to plants of azalea cvs. Red Wing and Alaska during the flower bud development period. Plant quality as indicated by terminal and lateral flower bud development and lack of lateral vegetative growth was generally enhanced by SADH treatment and a 9-hr photoperiod (SD) at 65°F min temp. Quality of ‘Red Wing’ plants was less affected by deviation from this environment than those of ‘Alaska’. Flowering of plants not refrigerated at 45-50°F was hastened by 18-hr photoperiods at 65°F following 4 or 6 weeks of 65°F-SD. Exposure to 50°F min temp during early bud development brought about changes in morphology of ‘Red Wing’ flowers.
The Effect of Defoliation Time on Acclimation and Dehardening in Tart Cherry (Prunus cerasus L.)1
Authors: Howell Gordon S. , Stackhouse Stephen S. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The acclimation and deacclimation rates of wood and flower buds of tart cherry were determined over 2 seasons and related to the time of defoliation that occurred as the result of pathogenic infection or hand removal during the first year of study. Early leaf loss resulted in delayed acclimation in the fall and more rapid deacclimation in the spring. The end result was reduced bud survival and decreased fruit set. The effects of early defoliation carried over into the second year.
Propagation of Asparagus through Shoot Apex Culture II. Light and Temperature Requirements, Transplantability of Plants, and Cyto-Histological Characteristics1
Authors: Hasegawa P. M. , Murashige T. , Takatori F. H. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In propagating Asparagus officinalis L. through the method of shoot apex culture, apices of terminal buds of spears produced in vitro were found to be equally satisfactory as explants as those of lateral buds of spears obtained from the field. A maximum number of plants was obtained when the cultures were illuminated 4-20 hr daily with white fluorescent or Gro-Lux lamps at an intensity of 1000 lux. A constant 27°C temp was also optimum for plant formation in vitro. Histological examination revealed that roots arose adventitiously from callus which formed at the base of the explant, whereas spears originated from axillary buds.
Successful transfer of plants from laboratory to soil required a prior reculture in a medium lacking NAA and with the light intensity increased to 3000 or 10,000 lux. Examination of the chromosome numbers of plants propagated through shoot apex culture showed that the original diploid status had been retained in every plant.
Berry Composition of Vitis vinifera Cultivars as Influenced by Photo- and Nycto-Temperatures During Maturation
Authors: Kliewer W. M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Total acidity was increased and pH reduced in ‘Cardinal’, ‘Tokay’, and ‘Pinot noir’ berries under a phototemperature of 15°C as compared to 35°C. Nyctotemp of 10, 15, and 20°C also increased acidity and reduced pH of fruits compared to those ripened at nyctotemp of 25 or 30°C, provided phototemp was not greater than 25°C. At 35°C phototemp, acidity of fruits ripened at 10°C nyctotemp was greater than that in fruits ripened at 30°C nyctotemp. Acidity and pH were usually not significantly different, however, between grapes matured at 15 and at 25°C nyctotemp. The level of malate in grape berries was inversely related to temp. Degree Brix of ‘Tokay’ fruits ripened at 35°C phototemp was less than that of fruits ripened at 15°C. However, nyctotemp had relatively little effect on concn of sugars in ‘Tokay’ and ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ berries. Temperature during maturation had no significant effect on berry wt or on the level of arginine. The amount of proline in grapes depended on cultivar, fruit maturity, and temp during the ripening period.
Evaluation and Measurement of Characteristics Affecting Fresh Market Blueberry Demand1
Authors: Mathia G. A. , Schrimper R. A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Fresh market demand relationships were estimated for several major markets for North Carolina, New Jersey, and Michigan fresh blueberries. Demand relationships were estimated from daily price and unload statistics for the 1965–1971 seasons by regression analysis using daily price as the dependent variable. Zero-one variables were used to account for the seasonal and within season effects.
The relationships accounted for 50 to 70% of the variation in daily prices during the 7-year period. The remaining unexplained variation resulted in standard errors of estimate of around 15 cents per flat for most markets. Large standard errors associated with the quantity coefficients appeared to be related in part to the relatively large and discrete intervals used in price reporting by the Market News Service. The quantity coefficients were relatively small. These indicated rather elastic demands for fresh blueberries in the major markets.
Prolonging the Life of Harvested ‘McFarlin’ Cranberries1
Authors: Shawa Azmi Y. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Nutritional foliar sprays 0-10-0 + Mn 7% + Zn 14%, 0-17-0 + Mn 8% + Zn 7%, 0-40-0 + Zn 14%, and 10-12-0 + Zn 2% significantly reduced percentage breakdown in 2 consecutive years. N6-benzyladenine (N6BA) was the only growth regulator which significantly suppressed respiratory rates. Succinic acid-2,2-dimethylhydrazide (SADH) and 10-12-0 + Zn 2% significantly increased berry size and weight.
Quality of Fresh Market Peaches Subjected to a Mechanical Harvesting and Field Handling: Grading System1
Authors: Sims E. T. , Webb B. K. , Hood C. E. , Gambrell C. E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Cuts were generally more prevalent on mechanically harvested peaches than on those hand harvested, although they were usually within acceptable limits. Bruise development during storage was variable and often not significantly higher on machine harvested fruit than on those hand harvested. Fruit position within bulk bins appeared to influence subsequent bruise development. A prototype portable dumper-sorter did not significantly increase fruit injuries. Providing fruit were of comparable maturity, injuries to postbloom regulator-treated fruit were comparable to those untreated. The development of rots during storage was the greatest source of unmarketable fruit and is regarded as the most serious problem related to the mechanical harvesting of peaches for fresh market.
Effects of Iron Salts and Other Looseners on Fruit Abscission of Various Citrus Cultivars1
Authors: Ben-Yehoshua S. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A foliar spray of various iron salts induced preferential abscission of citrus fruits over that of leaves. This effect was related to Fe cations rather than to anions, and was enhanced at lower pH. The Fe salts can cause marked phytotoxicity, but fruit loosening was achieved at concentrations that caused little to no defoliation, some rind damage, and light to severe injury to young growth and fruit buds. Effective concentration varied for different species. ‘Valencia’ was more resistant to loosening than the other citrus cultivars tested.
Concentrations of Fe cation in the iron formulations were more than 100-fold that required by cycloheximide, 2 to 10-fold that required by ethephon and about one tenth-fold that required by ascorbic acid to loosen fruit. However, Fe formulations have the following advantages: a) low cost, b) provide essential nutrients to the tree, and c) cause very few problems in registration with the Food and Drug Administration.
The fruit removal force and the sensitivity of ‘Calamondin’ fruit to various looseners during its ontogenical development varied in the order, starting with the most sensitive phase, flowers, fruits just set, mature fruit, immature fruit, and green full-sized fruit.
Reducing Water Loss of Potted Chrysanthemums with Pre-Sale Application of Antitranspirants1
Authors: Martin John D. , Link Conrad B. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Several film forming antitranspirants were applied to salable, flowering chrysanthemum plants prior to placement in a controlled environment devised to simulate the interior of a home. Significant reductions in water loss resulted with all applications, with over a 40% reduction at highest concentrations. No discernable increase in floral display life was observed with any treatment. Higher concentrations of chemicals caused yellowing of foliage, and in some cases imparted a sticky residue or in some way impeded normal floral expansion. Film effectiveness persisted for at least 2 weeks with consistantly high transpiration losses for non-treated plants.
Inheritance of Low Temperature Seed Sprouting in Tomato1
Authors: Ng Timothy J. , Tigchelaar E. C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The inheritance of low temperature seed sprouting ability in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) was found to be polygenic with dominance for inability to germinate at suboptimal temperatures. A minimum of 3 genes is suggested from F2 data and a minimum of 5 genes from backcross results. Broad sense heritability was estimated at 97%; narrow sense heritability, at 66%.
Genes controlling determinate, brachytic, and dwarf habits of growth had no significant effect upon subsequent low temperature sprouting response in the F2 generation. Significant differences in ability to germinate at low temperatures were found among reciprocal F1’s.
Analysis of Production Costs in Multi-Product Tomato Processing Plants1
Authors: Uyeshiro R. Y. , Sullivan G. H. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Comparison of unit production costs in 5 model multi-product tomato processing plants was completed using economic-engineering methods to synthesize the cost data. Fixed production costs were found to average 16% of total unit production costs for all model plants and products. Fixed costs were most sensitive to operational and seasonal scale effects.
Variable production costs comprised the largest portion of total unit production costs, averaging 84% for all model plants and products. Processing supplies comprised the largest component of variable unit production costs for canned whole tomatoes, tomato juice, and catsup, while raw products supplies comprised the largest variable cost component for tomato puree and paste. Variable costs accounted for the largest regional differences in total unit production costs. The relative production cost differences derived in this study serve as a basis of evaluation of production strategies and comparative advantages at the plant, firm, and region levels.
Sources of Variability in Greenhouse Rose Flower Production1
Authors: Zieslin N. , Halevy A. H. , Biran I. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The flower yield of glasshouse roses is made up of 3 components: number of flowers appearing in the upper buds of the branches, number of flowering branches from the plant, and number of flowers appearing on ‘other’ parts of the plant. The number of flowers produced is the product of the number of buds sprouted times the percentage that flower. Flowering potential of the uppermost bud on a branch is greater and the rate of flower abortion (“blindness”) is less, than of buds produced lower on the branch Reduction in yield found during winter in cv. Baccara was mainly due to “blindness” of the uppermost bud. ‘Marimba’ was more productive than ‘Baccara’ due to a larger number of both flowers per branch and flowering branches per plant. The productivity of ‘Baccara’ when grafted on R. indica was greater than that of ungrafted plants because of the greater number of flowering branches produced on grafted plants.
Resistance to the Pear Psylla in Pears with Pyrus ussuriensis Lineage1
Authors: Harris Marvin K. , Lamb Robert C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Resistance to pear psylla (Psylla pyricola Forester) in trees having P. ussuriensis Maxim. (I-65) lineage is shown to be present, genetically transmissable, and not linked with the poor horticultural characteristics of small size, poor tree vigor, grittiness of the fruit, and poor quality. Since both susceptible and resistant backcross seedlings were originally selected for resistance to fire blight, it appears that fire blight resistance and pear psylla resistance are inherited independently.
Floral Tube and Style Abscission in Plum (Prunus domestica L. Cv. Stanley)1,2
Authors: Simons Roy K. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Development of ‘Stanley’ plum flowers and young fruits was characterized as having 6 different stages that extended from anthesis through style abscission. These stages were similar to those of peach and cherry, but growth and rapidity of development of the abscission zone differed between the 3 Prunus species. Previous research established 8 stages for cherries and 10 for peaches and apricots. The floral-cup base was enlarged adjacent to the ovary; in early, abortive fruit, remaining portions of the floral tube shrivelled, with no evidence of abscission zone formation.
Hydroponic Rooting of Cuttings of American elm, Ulmus americana L.1,2
Authors: Schreiber L. R. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Root development of softwood cuttings from American elm, Ulmus americana L., seedlings was improved by aeration, misting, modified Hoagland’s solution, and the addition of KNO3, KH2PO4, and indole-3-acetic acid to the rooting medium. Cuttings from younger seedlings rooted more readily than those from older plants, and the basal portions rooted more readily than the terminals.
Delaying Deterioration of Romaine Lettuce by Vacuum Cooling and Modified Atmosphere Produced in Polyethylene Packages1
Authors: Aharoni N. , Ben-Yehoshua S. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Yellowing and decay of leaves were reduced when romaine lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. cv. Hazera Yellow) was prepackaged in closed polyethylene (PE) bags in which O2 concentration was reduced by flushing with N2. Similar, but less effective results were obtained when the lettuce was prepackaged in closed PE bags (not flushed with N2 gas), or when open bags were placed in PE-lined cartons, as well as when lettuce was vacuum precooled after packaging in open bags. Vacuum precooling of PE-lined cartons of lettuce did not further delay deterioration, since the process of vacuum cooling eliminated the modified atmosphere previously produced in PE liners. The efficacy of PE-lined cartons and that of closed PE bags in delaying deterioration of lettuce was related to reduction of O2 and accumulation of CO2 in the ambient atmosphere in the package.
Concentrations of CO2 in PE-lined cartons, which reached 8 to 12% at the end of holding at 18 to 20°C following storage at 1°C, had no adverse effect on romaine lettuce. However, about 64% of the heads of ‘Great Lakes’ lettuce packed in similar packages during cold storage showed CO2 damage, even when CO2 was not higher than about 3%.