bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weight change during the first week of life and a new method for retrospective prediction of birthweight among exclusively breastfed newborns
Authors: Mtove George , Abdul Omari , Kullberg Fanny , Gesase Samwel , Scheike Thomas , Andersen Frederik Mølkjær , Madanitsa Mwayiwawo , ter Kuile Feiko O. , Alifrangis Michael , Lusingu John P. A. , Minja Daniel T. R. , Schmiegelow Christentze 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionIdentification of low birthweight and small for gestational age is pivotal in clinical management and many research studies, but in low‐income countries, birthweight is often unavailable within 24 h of birth. Newborn weights measured within days after birth and knowledge of the growth patterns in the first week of life can help estimate the weight at birth retrospectively. This study aimed to generate sex‐specific prediction maps and weight reference charts for the retrospective estimation of birthweight for exclusively breastfed newborns in a low‐resource setting.Material and methodsThis was a prospective cohort study nested in a clinical trial of intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy for malaria with either dihydroartemisinin–piperaquine with/without azithromycin or sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine in Korogwe District, north‐eastern Tanzania (Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT03208179). Newborns were weighed at birth or in the immediate hours after birth and then daily for 1 week. Reference charts, nadir, time to regain weight, and prediction maps were generated using nonlinear mixed‐effects models fitted to the longitudinal data, incorporating interindividual variation as random effects. Predictions and prediction standard deviations were computed using a linear approximation approach.ResultsBetween March and December 2019, 513 live newborns with birthweights measured within 24 h of delivery were weighed daily for 1 week. Complete datasets were available from 476 exclusively breastfed newborns. There was a rapid decline in weight shortly after delivery. The average weight loss, time of nadir, and time to regain weight were 4.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.8–4.9) at 27 h (95% CI 24–30) and 105 h (95% CI 91–120) in boys and 4.9% (95% CI 4.2–5.6) at 28 h (95% CI 23–33) and 114 h (95% CI 93–136) in girls, respectively. The data were used to generate prediction maps with 1‐h time intervals and 0.05 kg weight increments showing the predicted birthweights and weight‐for‐age and weight‐change‐for‐age reference charts depicting variation in weight loss from <1 to >10%.ConclusionsThe prediction maps and reference charts can be used by researchers in low‐resource settings to retrospectively estimate birthweights using weights collected up to 168 h after delivery, thereby maximizing data utilization. Clinical practitioners can also use the prediction maps to retrospectively classify newborns as low birthweight or small for gestational age.
1,3‐diarylpyrazolones as potential anticancer agents for non‐small cell lung cancer: Synthesis and antiproliferative activity evaluation
Authors: Dahal Achyut , Lo Mary , Singh Sitanshu , Vo Huu , ElHage Denzel , Jois Seetharama D. , Murru Siva 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA series of pyrazolone compounds with different substitution patterns have been synthesized using microwave‐assisted methods and evaluated their in vitro antiproliferative activity against human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines (A549 and NCI‐H522). Among the tested compounds, the pyrazolone P7 exhibited high antiproliferative activity against both A549 and NCIH522 cancer cell lines while being 10 times less cytotoxic to non‐cancerous cells. Moreover, our compounds P7 and P11 exhibited higher antiproliferative activity and selectivity against A549 and NCIH522 cells compared with the clinically approved drugs Afatinib and Gefitinib. The cell cycle analysis showed that the compound P7 and P11 arrests the cell cycle at G0/G1 phase, whereas the compounds P13 and P14 involved in G2/M phase arrest. The results from antiproliferative activity screening, cell cycle analysis, and kinase profiling indicate that the suitably substituted 1,3‐diarylpyrazolones exhibit high antiproliferative activity against non‐small cell lung cancer cells.
Praying the Imprecatory Psalms? Reflections on an Unresolved Theological Problem with Dietrich Bonhoeffer
Authors: Hamilton Nadine 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis article probes the question of whether or not the so‐called imprecatory Psalms may be prayed either in private settings or churches. In his Finkenwalde sermon on Psalm 58, Dietrich Bonhoeffer considers them ‘the prayer[s] of the innocent’. This article examines Bonhoeffer’s understanding and handling of the imprecatory Psalms, which leads to the overall question of the theology of Scripture – in particular, the theological significance of the use of the Psalms as Christian prayer. This in turn leads to questions concerning the theological presuppositions, context, and implications of christological readings of the Old Testament, and last but not least the relationship between Scripture, incarnation and the cross. It is my argument that Bonhoeffer’s understanding of Jesus Christ is the hermeneutical key to Scripture. This must be elaborated in order to see how human prayer can also be the prayer of Jesus Christ at the same time. Only from there can one understand how, according to Bonhoeffer, in Christ the Christian can also pray the imprecatory Psalms.
Heterologous expression of a cryptic gene cluster from a marine proteobacterium Thalassomonas actiniarum affords new lanthipeptides thalassomonasins A and B
Authors: Thetsana Chanaphat , Ijichi Shinta , Kaweewan Issara , Nakagawa Hiroyuki , Kodani Shinya 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Aims
The aim of this study was to utilize a cryptic biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) of a marine proteobacterium Thalassomonas actiniarum for production of new lanthipeptides by heterologous expression system.

Methods and Results
Based on genome mining, a new BGC of class I lanthipeptide was found in the genome sequence of a marine proteobacterium T. actiniarum. Molecular cloning was performed to construct an expression vector derived from commercially available plasmid pET-41a(+). Heterologous production of new lanthipeptides named thalassomonasins A and B was performed using the host Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) harbouring the expression vector. The structure of thalassomonasin A was determined by the interpretation of NMR and MS data. As a result, thalassomonasin A was determined to be a lanthipeptide with three units of lanthionine. The bridging pattern of the lanthionine rings in thalassomonasin A was determined by interpretation of NOESY data. The structure of thalassomonasin B was proposed by MS/MS experiment.

Conclusions
We succeeded in heterologous production of new class I lanthipeptides using a BGC of a marine proteobacterium T. actiniarum.

Significance and Impact of the Study
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of heterologous production of lanthipeptides derived from proteobacterial origin. There are many cryptic biosynthetic gene clusters (BCGs) of this class of lanthipeptides in proteobacterial genomes. This study may lead to the production of new lanthipeptides by utilizing the BCGs.
Membrane traffic and Ca2+ signals in ciliates
Authors: Plattner Helmut 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA Paramecium cell has as many types of membrane interactions as mammalian cells, as established with monoclonal antibodies by R. Allen and A. Fok. Since then, we have identified key players, such as SNARE proteins, Ca2+‐regulating proteins, including Ca2+‐channels, Ca2+‐pumps, Ca2+‐binding proteins of different affinity, etc., at the molecular level, probed their function and localized them at the light and electron microscopy level. SNARE proteins, in conjunction with a synaptotagmin‐like Ca2+‐sensor protein, mediate membrane fusion. This interaction is additionally regulated by monomeric GTPases whose spectrum in Tetrahymena and Paramecium has been established by A. Turkewitz. As known from mammalian cells, GTPases are activated on membranes in conjunction with lumenal acidification by an H+‐ATPase. For these complex molecules, we found in Paramecium an unsurpassed number of 17 a‐subunit paralogs which connect the polymeric head and basis part, V1 and V0. (This multitude may reflect different local functional requirements.) Together with plasmalemmal Ca2+‐influx channels, locally enriched intracellular InsP3‐type (InsP3R, mainly in osmoregulatory system) and ryanodine receptor‐like Ca2+‐release channels (ryanodine receptor‐like proteins, RyR‐LP), this complexity mediates Ca2+ signals for most flexible local membrane‐to‐membrane interactions. As we found, the latter channel types miss a substantial portion of the N‐terminal part. Caffeine and 4‐chloro‐meta‐cresol (the agent used to probe mutations of RyRs in man during surgery in malignant insomnia patients) initiate trichocyst exocytosis by activating Ca2+‐release channels type CRC‐IV in the peripheral part of alveolar sacs. This is superimposed by Ca2+‐influx, that is, a mechanism called “store‐operated Ca2+‐entry” (SOCE). For the majority of key players, we have mapped paralogs throughout the Paramecium cell, with features in common or at variance in the different organelles participating in vesicle trafficking. Local values of free Ca2+‐concentration, [Ca2+]i, and their change, for example, upon exocytosis stimulation, have been registered by flurochromes and chelator effects. In parallel, we have registered release of Ca2+ from alveolar sacs by quenched‐flow analysis combined with cryofixation and X‐ray microanalysis.
How does baseline anthropometry affect anthropometric outcomes in children receiving treatment for severe acute malnutrition? A secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Dah Clarisse , Ourohire Millogo , Sié Ali , Ouédraogo Moussa , Bountogo Mamadou , Boudo Valentin , Lebas Elodie , Nyatigo Fanice , Arnold Benjamin F. , O'Brien Kieran S. , Oldenburg Catherine E. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMid‐upper arm circumference (MUAC) < 11.5 cm and weight‐for‐height Z‐score (WHZ) < −3 are used for screening for severe acute malnutrition (SAM). Underweight and concurrent wasting and stunting may better target those at the highest risk of mortality. We compared anthropometric outcomes in children enrolled in a trial of antibiotics for SAM based on categories of baseline anthropometry, including indicators for programme admission (WHZ < −3, MUAC < 11.5) and alternative indicators (weight‐for‐age Z‐score [WAZ] < −3, concurrent wasting and stunting [WHZ < −3 and height‐for‐age Z‐score < −3]). Participants were followed weekly until nutritional recovery and at 8 weeks. We evaluated changes in weight gain (g/kg/day), MUAC, and WHZ in children admitted by admissions criteria (MUAC only, WHZ only, or MUAC and WHZ) and by underweight or concurrent wasting and stunting. Of 301 admitted children, 100 (33%) were admitted based on MUAC only, 41 (14%) WHZ only, and 160 (53%) both MUAC and WHZ, 210 (68%) were underweight and 67 (22%) were concurrently wasted/stunted. Low MUAC and low WHZ children had the lowest probability of nutritional recovery (17% vs. 50% for MUAC‐only and 34% for WHZ‐only). There was no difference in weight gain velocity or WHZ by admissions criteria (WHZ and/or MUAC). Underweight and concurrently wasted/stunted children had lower MUAC and WHZ at 8 weeks compared with those who were not underweight or concurrently wasted and stunted. Children with both low MUAC and low WHZ had the worst outcomes. Relying on MUAC alone may miss children who have poor outcomes. Other indicators, such as WAZ, may be useful for identifying vulnerable children.
CD47 promotes the proliferation and migration of adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma cells by activating the MAPK/ERK pathway, and CD47 blockade facilitates microglia‐mediated phagocytosis
Authors: Zhang Huarong , Wang Chaohu , Fan Jun , Zhu Qianchao , Feng Yiwen , Pan Jun , Peng Junxiang , Shi Jin , Qi Songtao , Liu Yi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimsCD47 is overexpressed in multiple tumours and plays an important role in immune escape and other biological processes of tumours. However, its role in adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma (ACP) remains unclear. Therefore, we explored the functions of CD47 in ACP.MethodsIn this study, the expression of CD47 and the infiltration of immune cells in ACP was determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) or immunofluorescence. Microglia‐mediated phagocytosis was analysed using an in vitro phagocytosis assay. Using lentivirus transfection, CD47 was either silenced or overexpressed in primary ACP cells and the biological effects of CD47 on these cells were evaluated in vitro using cell viability, flow cytometry, wound healing, Transwell migration and 3D hydrogel assays. The protein expression levels were analysed by western blotting.ResultsFinger‐like protrusions, which may be the key factor in the recurrence of ACP, were primarily found in the region of hypothalamic involvement. The expression of CD47 was higher in palisading epithelium compared with stellate reticulum and epithelial whorls. An in vitro phagocytosis assay showed that CD47 blockade could promote microglia‐mediated phagocytosis. Functional assays revealed that CD47 promoted the growth, migration and invasion of ACP cells in vitro. Our mechanistic investigations showed that CD47 activated the MAPK/ERK pathway, thereby facilitating the biological behaviour of ACP cells.ConclusionsHere, we demonstrated that CD47 plays an important role in ACP cells, suggesting that CD47 could be a new potential therapeutic target for ACP, and adding to the body of literature a role for the inhibition of MAPK/ERK in ACP.
All retinas are not created equal: Fovea‐to‐macula thickness ratio and foveal microvasculature in healthy young children
Authors: Demir Pelsin , Hovsepian Nathaniel , Pagels Peter , Petersson Vanja , Baskaran Karthikeyan , Macedo Antonio Filipe 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPurposeMarkers for the relationships between structural and microvasculature measures given by optical coherence tomography angiography are necessary to increase the diagnostic and prognostic value of this technique. The aim of this study was to investigate relationships between structural and microvasculature measures around the fovea in healthy eyes of healthy children.MethodsObservational cross‐sectional study involving children aged 8–17 years, born at full‐term, with no eye disease. The better of two 3 × 3 mm macular scans obtained with a Cirrus 5000HD‐OCT was analysed. Images were corrected for lateral magnification errors. Vessel density and perfusion were measured with ImageJ/Fiji software for the superficial capillary plexus. Structural measures including foveal and macular thicknesses were performed manually.ResultsThe sample included 86 participants, 51 (59%) females. Mean age was 12.4 years (SD = 2.5); mean best‐corrected acuity was −0.10 logMAR (SD = 0.09); mean refractive error was +0.59 D (SD = 1.3) and mean axial length was 23.1 mm (SD = 0.86). Mean area of the foveal avascular zone (AFAZ) was 0.20 mm2 (SD = 0.88); median fovea‐to‐macula thickness ratio (FMTR) was 0.63 (IQR = 0.08); mean central vessel density was 12.42 mm−1 (SD = 2.78) and mean central perfusion was 38.66% (SD = 3.83). AFAZ was correlated with central vessel density (p < 0.001), perfusion (p < 0.001), foveal thickness (p < 0.001) and FMTR (p < 0.001). Central vessel density was correlated with foveal thickness (p < 0.001) and FMTR, (p = 0.01). Central perfusion was correlated with foveal thickness (p < 0.001) and FMTR, (p = 0.003).ConclusionIn this study, foveal thickness, FMTR and foveal microvasculature measurements were correlated. Clinicians need to be aware that shallow foveal pits and persistent foveal microvasculature are likely to occur in optical coherence tomography angiography images. In healthy eyes from healthy children, an atypical high FMTR and a small AFAZ may be associated with incomplete foveal development. The mechanism and functional implications of this remain unknown.
MAIA microperimeter for short‐duration fixation stability measurements in central vision loss: Repeatability and comparison with the Nidek MP1
Authors: Pyatova Yulia , Markowitz Samuel N , Devenyi Robert G , Tarita‐Nistor Luminita 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPurposeThis study reports the repeatability of 20 s‐duration fixation stability measurements recorded with the Macular Integrity Assessment (MAIA) microperimeter in patients with central vision loss, in contrast to the Nidek MP1 microperimeter.MethodsFixation stability was recorded in 39 eyes of 25 patients with macular disease using MAIA and the MP1 for 20 s intervals, twice for each eye, with each instrument. Twenty eyes were identified as the better eye (BE) and 19 eyes as the worse eye (WE). Fixation stability was quantified with the 95% bivariate contour ellipse area (BCEA), logarithmically transformed. Bland‐Altman plots were used to determine the 95% limits of agreement.ResultsFor MAIA, the 95% limits of agreement were ±0.84 log deg2 for the BE and ±0.66 log deg2 for the WE. Similarly, for the MP1 these limits were ±0.48 log deg2 for the BE and ±0.72 log deg2 for the WE. Inter‐device repeatability was modest, ±1.09 log deg2 for the BE and ±1.01 log deg2 for the WE, and a proportional bias was detected. Occasionally, MAIA did not register all the expected number of data points, and included far outliers in the BCEA calculation; the inter‐device repeatability did not improve when these outliers were removed.ConclusionsRepeatability of 20 s‐duration fixation stability examination in patients with central vision loss is specific to the instrument used. We recommend that only data from same type of microperimeter with the same fixation duration should be compared when using fixation stability as an outcome measure to monitor disease progression, effect of treatment or in clinical trials.
Initial results from an enhanced recovery program for pediatric cardiac surgical patients
Authors: Murphy Tim , Sale Steven M. , Gonzalez Barlatay Francisco , Armstrong Catherine , Parry Andrew , Houghton Ella , Jerrom Tom , Schadenberg Alvin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundOver recent years, a number of enhanced recovery programs have appeared in first, adult colorectal surgery, and subsequently many other adult surgical specialties. Increasing interest in this approach to perioperative management in children culminated in the recent development of the first enhanced recovery pathway for pediatric intestinal surgery, endorsed by Enhanced Recovery after Surgery Society (ERAS®). In parallel, there has been increasing interest in the refinement of perioperative management of selected pediatric cardiac surgical patients, invariably referred to as “fast track” management. Initiatives have largely focused on duration of postoperative ventilation rather than on a much wider range of perioperative interventions to optimize recovery and ensure timely discharge after surgery. In our institution, a “Level 1” pediatric cardiac surgical center, we assembled a multidisciplinary team to design a comprehensive enhanced recovery pathway, based on ERAS® methodology, for selected cardiac surgical patients. After a lengthy period of planning, staff education, and preparation, we implemented the pathway at the end of November 2019.MethodsWe conducted a prospective audit of the perioperative management and outcomes of the first 88 patients managed according to this enhanced recovery pathway over a 25‐month period in our institution.ResultsThe mean age of the patients was 5.8 years (range 0.5–17.9), and the mean weight was 22.4 kg (range 6.6–57.2). Sixty‐eight of the 88 patients were cardiopulmonary bypass cases. A total of 54% of patients received all four defined intraoperative anesthetic interventions (intravenous paracetamol, non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug, antiemetic if aged more than 4 years, and use of a local anesthetic technique). A total of 89% of patients met the target extubation time of 6 h after administration of protamine. Median postoperative intensive care unit length of stay was 23.5 h (range 15.2–89.5). When compared to a historic control group, this represented a 22% reduction in median intensive care unit stay, although the total hospital length of stay remained unchanged. A total of 83% of patients met the target hospital discharge target of the fifth postoperative day.ConclusionsThese preliminary results suggest that enhanced recovery pathway implementation for selected pediatric cardiac surgical patients is feasible, with acceptable outcomes. They suggest areas for further development and the potential for wider implementation.
A Dynamic Choice Model to Estimate the User Cost of Crowding with Large-Scale Transit Data
Authors: Bansal Prateek , Hörcher Daniel , Graham Daniel J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEfficient mass transit provision should be responsive to the behaviour of passengers. Operators often conduct surveys to elicit passenger perspectives, but these can be expensive to administer and can suffer from hypothetical biases. With the advent of smart card and automated vehicle location data, operators have reliable sources of revealed preference (RP) data that can be utilized to estimate transit riders’ valuation of service attributes. To date, effective use of RP data has been limited due to modelling complexities. We propose a dynamic choice model (DCM) for population-level longitudinal RP data to address prominent challenges. In the DCM, riders are assumed to follow different decision rules (compensatory and inertia/habit) and temporal switching between decision rules based on experience-based learning is also formulated. We develop an expectation–maximization algorithm to estimate the DCM and apply our model to estimate passenger valuation of crowding. Using large-scale data of 2 months with over four million daily trips by an Asian metro, our DCM estimates show an increase of 47% in passenger’s valuation of travel time under extremely crowded conditions. Furthermore, the average passenger follows the compensatory rule on only 25.5% or fewer trips. These results are valuable for supply-side decisions of transit operators.