bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
WHOCARES: WHOle-brain CArdiac signal REgression from highly accelerated simultaneous multi-Slice fMRI acquisitions
Authors: Colenbier Nigel , Marino Marco , Arcara Giorgio , Frederick Blaise , Pellegrino Giovanni , Marinazzo Daniele , Ferrazzi Giulio 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objective. To spatio-temporally resolve cardiac signals in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) time-series of the human brain using neither external physiological measurements nor ad hoc modelling assumptions. Approach. Cardiac pulsation is a physiological confound of fMRI time-series that introduces spurious signal fluctuations in proximity to blood vessels. fMRI alone is not sufficiently fast to resolve cardiac pulsation. Depending on the ratio between the instantaneous heart-rate and the acquisition sampling frequency (

1

/

TR

, with TR being the repetition time), the cardiac signal may alias into the frequency band of neural activation so that its removal through spectral filtering techniques is generally not possible. In this paper, we show that it is feasible to temporally and spatially resolve cardiac signals throughout the brain even when cardiac aliasing occurs by combining fMRI hyper-sampling with simultaneous multislice (SMS) imaging. The technique, which we name WHOle-brain CArdiac signal REgression from highly accelerated simultaneous multi-Slice fMRI acquisitions (WHOCARES), was developed on 695 healthy subjects selected from the Human Connectome Project and its performance validated against the RETROICOR, HAPPY and the pulse oxymeter signal regression methods. Main results. WHOCARES is capable of retrieving voxel-wise cardiac signal regressors. This is achieved without employing external physiological recordings nor through ad hoc modelling assumptions. The performance of WHOCARES was, on average, superior to RETROICOR, HAPPY and the pulse oxymeter regression methods. Significance. WHOCARES holds basis for the reliable mapping of cardiac activity in fMRI time-series. WHOCARES can be employed for the retrospective removal of cardiac noise in publicly available fMRI datasets where physiological recordings are not available. WHOCARES is freely available at https://github.com/gferrazzi/WHOCARES.
Asphalt Interface Based on Abaqus Asphalt Pavement Temperature Field and Aggregate Morphological Characteristics Measurement System
Authors: Ying Zhijun , Wang Huimin , Zhao Yunfei , Wu Zhihao , Shen Sili 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
To reveal the adhesion behavior of the aggregate - asphalt interface under water-temperature coupling, the temperature field of the asphalt pavement was simulated and analyzed based on Abaqus, and the morphology of the aggregate was analyzed using the Aggregate Morphological Characteristic Measurement System (AIMS II) to investigate the adhesion behavior of the asphalt interface under water-temperature coupling. The Abaqus software was used to study the temperature distribution pattern of the pavement structure of the dependent project and to construct a regional characteristic distribution model for Zhejiang Province. On this basis, aggregate texture shaping equipment was developed, aggregate morphological characteristics were tested with the aid of the Aggregate Morphological Characteristics Inspection System (AIMS II), the water immersion weighing method was used to evaluate the aggregate - asphalt interface adhesion, and the relationship between aggregate morphological characteristics and macroscopic adhesion was established. The study shows that there is a linear negative correlation between sphericity and mass loss rate, a linear positive correlation between gradient angles and mass loss rate, and an optimum value for aggregate surface texture. Using a modified 'sandwich' pulling test, four lithologies of limestone, basalt, granite and sandstone were selected to investigate the effect of environmental factors such as water and temperature on the adhesion of the aggregate to the asphalt interface. The results showed that the interfacial bonding performance of the aggregate and asphalt increased as the heating temperature of the aggregate increased, while the interfacial bonding performance of the aggregate and asphalt weakened as the water immersion time increased. The research results have certain theoretical guidance significance for enhancing the water damage resistance of asphalt mixes.
Investigation and Improvement of Switching Characteristics of SiC Optically Controlled Transistor
Authors: Zhang Yingying 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Aiming to the switching characteristics of SiC optically controlled transistor, SiC NPN optically controlled transistor was investigated through Silvaco TCAD. The results show that under 4500V bias voltage, the turn-on and turn-off dV/dt of the SiC transistor are 428.5V/ns and 23.9V/ns, respectively. And the tailing problem in the turn-off process is obvious. In order to improve the switching characteristics of SiC optically controlled transistor, the minority carrier lifetime in base layer is regional controlled. The simulation results indicate that, by using minority carrier lifetime control technology, the turn-off time and turn-off dV/dt are improved by about 28.2% and 39.3%, respectively. Meanwhile, turn-on time and turn-on dV/dt are only degenerated by about 3.6% and 3.4%, respectively. The overall level of switching characteristics of SiC optically controlled transistor are improved.
The silicon vertex detector of the Belle II experiment
Authors: Dujany G. , Adamczyk K. , Aggarwal L. , Aihara H. , Aziz T. , Bacher S. , Bahinipati S. , Batignani G. , Baudot J. , Behera P.K. , Bettarini S. , Bilka T. , Bozek A. , Buchsteiner F. , Casarosa G. , Corona L. , Czank T. , Das S.B. , Finck C. , Forti F. , Friedl M. , Gabrielli A. , Ganiev E. , Gobbo B. , Halder S. , Hara K. , Hazra S. , Higuchi T. , Irmler C. , Ishikawa A. , Jeon H.B. , Jin Y. , Joo C. , Kaleta M. , Kaliyar A.B. , Kandra J. , Kang K.H. , Kapusta P. , Kodyš P. , Kohriki T. , Kumar M. , Kumar R. , La Licata C. , Lalwani K. , Leboucher R. , Lee S.C. , Libby J. , Martel L. , Massaccesi L. , Mayekar S.N. , Mohanty G.B. , Morii T. , Nakamura K.R. , Natkaniec Z. , Onuki Y. , Ostrowicz W. , Paladino A. , Paoloni E. , Park H. , Polat L. , Rao K.K. , Ripp-Baudot I. , Rizzo G. , Sahoo D. , Schwanda C. , Serrano J. , Suzuki J. , Tanaka S. , Tanigawa H. , Thalmeier R. , Tiwari R. , Tsuboyama T. , Uematsu Y. , Verbycka O. , Vitale L. , Wan K. , Wang Z. , Webb J. , Wiechczynski J. , Yin H. , Zani L. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn 2019 the Belle II experiment started data taking at the asymmetric SuperKEKB collider (KEK, Japan) operating at the Y(4S) resonance. Belle II will search for new physics beyond the standard model by collecting an integrated luminosity of 50 ab−1. The silicon vertex detector (SVD), consisting of four layers of double-sided silicon strip sensors, is one of the two vertex sub-detectors. The SVD extrapolates the tracks to the inner pixel detector (PXD) with enough precision to correctly identify hits in the PXD belonging to the track. In addition the SVD has standalone tracking capability and utilizes ionization to enhance particle identification in the low momentum region. The SVD is operating reliably and with high efficiency, despite exposure to the harsh beam background of the highest peak-luminosity collider ever built. High signal-to-noise ratio and hit efficiency have been measured, as well as the spatial resolution; all these quantities show excellent stability over time. Data-simulation agreement on cluster properties has recently been improved through a careful tuning of the simulation. The precise hit-time resolution can be exploited to reject out-of-time hits induced by beam background, which will make the SVD more robust against higher levels of background. During the first three years of running, radiation damage effects on strip noise, sensor currents and depletion voltage have been observed, as well as some coupling capacitor failure due to intense radiation bursts. None of these effects cause significant degradation in the detector performance.
A 14 Gbps VCSEL driving ASIC in 55 nm for NICA multi purpose detector project
Authors: Zhao C. , Chen Q. , Guo Z. , Arteche R. , Ceballos C. , Fang N. , Gan Y. , Murin Y. , Yi L. , Guo D. , Sun X. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This paper presents the design and the test results of a 14 Gbps VCSEL driving ASIC with a novel output driver structure fabricated in a 55 nm CMOS process. It consists of an equalizer stage, a limiting amplifier stage and an output driver stage. The equalizer stage uses the CTLE structure to compensate the high frequency losses at the PCB traces, bonding wires and input pads. To meet both the gain/bandwidth requirements and the area restriction, the limiting amplifier stage adopts the inductor-shared peaking technology. To increase the voltage headroom of the output driver stage and improve the bandwidth, a novel output driver structure using the on-chip AC coupling, the stacked current source and the double feedforward compensation technique is proposed. This ASIC has been integrated with the VCSEL array in a customized optical module for the optical test. The test results show the wide-open 14 Gbps optical eye diagram with a measured RMS jitter of 2.7 ps and a peak-to-peak jitter of 17.4 ps, respectively.
Upgrade of the 4-rod radio frequency quadrupole for SARAF Phase II Linac
Authors: Kaizer B. , Barak A. , Buzaglo Y. , Dafna H. , Farber E. , Gavish I. , Goldberger N. , Kreisel A. , Pami H. , Perry A. , Rodnizki J. , Reinfeld E. , Tamim N. , Zchut T. , Weiss R. , Weissman L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The 176 MHz 4-rod radiofrequency quadrupole (RFQ) is the crucial part of the Soreq Applied Research Accelerator Facility (SARAF) injector and must be able to operate at RF powers up to 190 kW continuous wave and transport 5 mA proton and deuteron beams. The SARAF Phase I RFQ is planned for use in Phase II. The period between the termination of Phase I and the installation of Phase II provided an opportunity to introduce RFQ improvements to fully meet the Phase II requirements. These upgrades and improvements are presented in this report together with the results of the recent conditioning campaigns.
Higher levels of no-till agriculture associated with lower PM2.5 in the Corn Belt
Authors: Behrer A Patrick , Lobell David 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
No-till approaches to agricultural soil management have been encouraged as a means of reducing soil erosion, reducing water pollution, and increasing carbon sequestration. An understudied additional benefit of no-till approaches may be improvements in local air quality. No-till approaches involve reductions in both machinery use and soil erosion, both of which could lead to improvements in air quality. We leverage recent advances in remote sensing and air pollution modelling to examine this question at a landscape scale. Combining data on daily PM2.5 levels with satellite measures of no-till uptake since 2005, we show a strong association between increasing adoption of no-till and reductions in county average PM2.5 pollution over more than 28 million hectares of cropland in the American Corn Belt. The reduction in local pollution implies substantial monetary benefits from reductions in mortality that are roughly one-fourth as large as the estimated carbon benefits. The benefits of mortality reductions are also, by themselves, nearly equal to the current monetary costs of subsidizing no-till practices.
Digital quantum simulation, learning of the Floquet Hamiltonian, and quantum chaos of the kicked top
Authors: Olsacher Tobias , Pastori Lorenzo , Kokail Christian , Sieberer Lukas M , Zoller Peter 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The kicked top is one of the paradigmatic models in the study of quantum chaos (Haake et al 2018 Quantum Signatures of Chaos (Springer Series in Synergetics vol 54)). Recently it has been shown that the onset of quantum chaos in the kicked top can be related to the proliferation of Trotter errors in digital quantum simulation (DQS) of collective spin systems. Specifically, the proliferation of Trotter errors becomes manifest in expectation values of few-body observables strongly deviating from the target dynamics above a critical Trotter step, where the spectral statistics of the Floquet operator of the kicked top can be predicted by random matrix theory. In this work, we study these phenomena in the framework of Hamiltonian learning (HL). We show how a recently developed HL protocol can be employed to reconstruct the generator of the stroboscopic dynamics, i.e., the Floquet Hamiltonian, of the kicked top. We further show how the proliferation of Trotter errors is revealed by HL as the transition to a regime in which the dynamics cannot be approximately described by a low-order truncation of the Floquet–Magnus expansion. This opens up new experimental possibilities for the analysis of Trotter errors on the level of the generator of the implemented dynamics, that can be generalized to the DQS of quantum many-body systems in a scalable way. This paper is in memory of our colleague and friend Fritz Haake.
Acoustic radiation from random waves on plates
Authors: Mohammed Neekar M , Creagh Stephen C , Tanner Gregor 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Controlling and simulating the sound radiating from complex structures is of importance in many engineering applications. We calculate the radiated acoustic power from plates with diffuse bending vibrations. We characterise the diffuse field by a two-point correlation function (CF) of normal velocities. Given the relation between field–field CFs and ray-dynamical phase space densities, the approach taken here offers a basis for coupling structure borne ray-tracing techniques with acoustic radiation. At the same time, it caters for stochastic, noisy driving of such systems. The results for the radiation efficiency of a plate are presented in an asymptotic form analogous to the Weyl formula for the density of states. Leading contributions from the plate interior and its boundary are derived, with corner corrections also being given for particular boundary conditions and right-angled corners. A notable feature of this analysis is that the bulk contribution vanishes below a critical frequency, and the asymptotic estimate of radiated power then leads with a boundary contribution. This is shown to agree well with a more traditional calculation based on modal analysis in the special case of a rectangular plate.
Highly durable superhydrophobic surfaces based on a protective frame and crosslinked PDMS-candle soot coatings
Authors: Sun Wenwen , Lv Kai , Lou Yisha , Zeng Dongdong , Lin Xiangde 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Superhydrophobic surfaces can be applied to environmental, energy, and healthcare fields. However, the weak durability issue has significantly limited the practical industrial applications. To overcome the readily destroyed interfacial structures and chemical compositions, the superhydrophobic surfaces with high mechanical and chemical durability have been created on a stainless steel mesh (SSM) as a protective frame based on tightly crosslinked polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)−candle soot (CS) composite coatings through simple mechanical transfer and candle burning processes, which abbreviated to SSM/PDMS−CS and showed a water contact angle (WCA) of 159.4° ± 1.6° and a sliding angle (SA) of 2.3° ± 0.5°. Harsh abrasion examinations based on sandpaper and fiber paper have been conducted by applying 100 g weight and 200 cm sliding distance. And the obtained WCAs and SAs were 155° ± 3.7°, 155.7° ± 2° and 3.7° ± 0.5°, 3.5° ± 0.3°. Scanning electron microscope showed scratches on the surface, but the superhydrophobic property has been well maintained. After 40 kHz ultrasonication treatment for 30 min, WCA and SA were 152° ± 0.9° and 4.1° ± 0.8°. Finally, SSM/PDMS−CS surfaces exhibit good chemical resistance to corrosive solutions even after pH 2, pH 10, 1 M NaCl, and toluene treatments for 15 days.
Geometrical model of 3D layer-to-layer angle-interlock woven preforms with oblique structure
Authors: Huang Zhaohua , Ma Wensuo , Jia Chenhui , Lei Xianqing , Zhang Zhuangya 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The original configuration of 3D layer-to-layer angle-interlock (LLA) woven fibers cannot be maintained during matrix impregnation and is unstable when the composite is subjected to loading. The fibers in the yarn are susceptible to lateral sliding, resulting in deformation of the textile geometry. The initial modulus of the composite in the warp direction is smaller and can be inconsistent owing to the unstable geometry of the fabric. A stable 3D layer-to-layer angle-interlock (SLLA) fabric was devised by constructing a denser yarn arrangement, and the properties of this new structure were investigated in this study. The geometric parameters of this novel reinforcing structure were mathematically modeled, and the results were validated experimentally. The results showed that the SLLA structure was more stable than that of the LLA fabric. The experimentally determined structural parameters were in good agreement with the theoretically calculated values.
Entangled microwave photons generation using cryogenic low noise amplifier (transistor nonlinearity effects)
Authors: Salmanogli Ahmad 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This article mainly focuses on important quantum phenomenon called entanglement arising the nonlinearity property. This study uses a unique approach in which transistor nonlinearity effect (third-order nonlinearity) entangled microwave photons are created in a cryogenic low-noise amplifier (LNA). For entanglement analysis, the Hamiltonian of the designed cryogenic LNA (containing two coupled oscillators) is derived, and then, using the dynamic equation of motion, the oscillator’s number of photons and the phase-sensitive cross-correlation factor are calculated in the Fourier domain to calculate the entanglement metric. The oscillators are coupled to each other through the gate–drain capacitor, and nonlinear transconductance is as an important factor strongly manipulating the entanglement. As a main conclusion, the study shows that the designed circuit using transistor third-order nonlinearity has the ability to generate the entangled microwave photons at very low intrinsic transconductance and more importantly when the noise figure (NF) is strongly minimized. As a complementary task, the printed circuit board of the cryogenic LNA is designed and simulated to verify the ability of the circuit to achieve an ultralow NF, by which the probability of the generation of entangled microwave photons is increased.
Geometrical interpretation of the argument of weak values of general observables in N-level quantum systems
Authors: Ballesteros Ferraz Lorena , Lambert Dominique L , Caudano Yves 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Observations in quantum weak measurements are determined by complex numbers called weak values. We present a geometrical interpretation of the argument of weak values of general Hermitian observables in N-dimensional quantum systems in terms of geometric phases. We formulate an arbitrary weak value in terms of three real vectors on the unit sphere in N
2 − 1 dimensions,

S

N

2

−
2

. These vectors are linked to the initial and final states, and to the weakly measured observable, respectively. We express pure states in the complex projective space of N − 1 dimensions,

C

P

N
−
1

, which has a non-trivial representation as a 2N − 2 dimensional submanifold of

S

N

2

−
2

(a generalization of the Bloch sphere for qudits). The argument of the weak value of a projector on a pure state of an N-level quantum system describes a geometric phase associated to the symplectic area of the geodesic triangle spanned by the vectors representing the pre-selected state, the projector and the post-selected state in

C

P

N
−
1

. We then proceed to show that the argument of the weak value of a general observable is equivalent to the argument of an effective Bargmann invariant. Hence, we extend the geometrical interpretation of projector weak values to weak values of general observables. In particular, we consider the generators of SU(N) given by the generalized Gell–Mann matrices. Finally, we study in detail the case of the argument of weak values of general observables in two-level systems and we illustrate weak measurements in larger dimensional systems by considering projectors on degenerate subspaces, as well as Hermitian quantum gates. To conclude, we discuss the interpretation and usefulness of geometric phases in weak values in connection to weak measurements.
Effect of various discontinuities present in a plate on stress concentration: a review
Authors: Patel Rashmiben H , Patel Bhaveshkumar P 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The stress concentration factor is one of the most significant factors in design engineering in the modern era with lots of objectives across the world. Stress concentration is the localization of high stresses primarily due to discontinuities within the time, abrupt changes in cross-section, and contact with stresses. This paper focuses on a problem with different discontinuities as specially holes present in a plate like isotropic, anisotropic and orthotropic etc. The different methods used by various authors to evaluate stress concentration with different related parameters, and describes the study related to their results carried out by them. Finite plate with polygonal, circular, inclined circular, elliptical types holes has been considered as one of the most important design application in present era. In the present work, the analysis and reviews are based on the following (a) types of discontinuities, (b) types of loading, (c) material/composites/plies (d) orientation of discontinuities in a finite plate. Finally, the scope of this research work is incorporated.
A geometric study for determining the optimum volume fraction of pre-embedded capsules for self-healing of cracks in a cementitious matrix
Authors: Alghamri R , Jahjouh M , Alastal K , Al-Tabbaa A 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Autonomous healing of cracks using capsule-based systems is emerging as a promising solution to restore durability and strength of damaged structures. For satisfactory self-healing efficiency, both capsule geometry and dosage are to be determined for the concrete mix proportion. With previous research being performed on self-healing efficiency using different capsule shapes and crack patterns, this paper introduces quantitative numerical solutions on the optimal dosage of the capsules required to completely repair cracks in a three-dimensional model of a cementitious matrix. Four different sizes of spherical capsules ranging between 0.6 mm to 4.75 mm embedded within a mortar matrix were tested in the model and the model results were validated using previous experimental findings. As the cargo of capsules could be powder or liquid self-healing agents, three different scenarios were considered in this work to calculate the volume of the healing agent in the crack. It was found that the smaller the capsules the more homogenous and uniform the distribution of capsules is. However, the bigger sizes of the capsules are much preferable in terms of the amount of self-healing materials supplied to the cracked vicinity. For instance, capsules of 2–4 mm size could fill 80% of the crack volume but were localised and unevenly distributed on the planes of the crack. Overall, the developed model in this study provides a robust and efficient tool to quantitively design the proportions of cement-based self-healing systems. Based on the results of the geometric model, an ANN model was also developed to calculate healing volume in terms of the volume fraction of the healing agents and the size of capsules. Results showed very close values to those obtained by the numerical model.