bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Challenges and Innovation in Community-Based Organization HIV/AIDS Services During COVID-19 in China
Authors: Bouey Jennifer Z.H. , Han Jing , Liu Yuxuan , Vuchovic Myriam , Zhu Keren , Zhou Kai , Su Ye 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Introduction

People living with HIV relied on community-based organizations (CBOs) in accessing HIV care and support during the COVID-19 pandemic in China. However, little is known on the impact of, and challenges faced by Chinese CBOs supporting PLHIV during lockdowns.

Methods

A mixed methods study was conducted among 29 CBOs serving PLHIV in China between November 10 and November 23, 2020. Participants were asked to complete a 20-minute online survey on their routine operations, organizational capacity building, service provided, and challenges during the pandemic. A focus group interview was conducted with CBOs after the survey to gain further insights on data interpretations. Quantitative data analysis was conducted using STATA 17.0 while qualitative data was examined using thematic analysis.

Results

HIV-focused CBOs in China serve diverse clients including PLHIV, high-risk groups, and the general public. The scope of services provided is broad, ranging from HIV testing to peer support. All CBOs maintained their services during the pandemic, many by switching to online or hybrid mode. Many CBOs reported adding new clients and services, such as mailing medications. Top challenges faced by CBOs included service reduction due to staff shortage, lack of PPE for staff, and lack of funding during COVID-19 lockdowns. In addition to the staff and funding needs, the ability to better network with other CBOs and other sectors (e.g., clinics, governments), a standard emergency response guideline, and ready strategies to help PLHIV build resilience are critical for future emergency preparation.

Conclusions

Chinese CBOs serving vulnerable populations affected by HIV/AIDS are instrumental in building resilience in their communities during the COVID-19 pandemic, and they can play significant roles in providing uninterrupted services during emergencies by mobilizing resources, creating new services and operation methods, and utilizing existing networks. Chinese CBOs’ experiences, challenges, and their policy recommendations can inform policy makers on how to support future CBO capacity building to bridge service gaps during crises and reduce health inequalities in China and globally.
Understanding the stakeholders’ perspectives on professionalism in healthcare: a cross-cultural analysis
Authors: Khan Junaid Sarfraz , Strivens Janet 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: The growing ability of healthcare systems to diagnose and treat diseases, together with changes in financing and healthcare delivery standards, have pointed out many ethical and professional issues for physicians. The training of devoted professionals with specialized skills is needed for the development of modern medicine and technology.
The objective of the study: To identify the perception of stakeholders (doctors, nurses, students, administrators, and policymakers) in Punjab, Pakistan, and compare their perceptions available in the international literature regarding professionalism in the healthcare sector
Methodology: The study design was qualitative. 530 individuals took part in thirty-eight focus group discussions, with 8-15 participants in each group, in various settings across the province of Punjab. Thematic analysis was undertaken of the transcribed data. The findings were compared with the evidence made available from a scoping review of the literature. The following three questions guided the research:
1. What are the perceptions of doctors, nurses, students, administrators, and policymakers in Punjab, Pakistan, regarding medical professionalism?
2. How does this sense-making of medical professionalism amongst stakeholders in Punjab, Pakistan, compare with the evidence available in the international literature regarding sense-making by stakeholders in other regions of the world?
3. How do the perceptions and understanding of medical professionalism differ amongst various stakeholders within the healthcare delivery system of Punjab, Pakistan?
Results: Four distinct superordinate themes were identified: VALUES-DRIVEN, ADEPT, POTENT LEADER and SUPPORTED. There were greater variations in findings from amongst the stakeholder groups at the subordinate themes and further lower levels of thematic analysis. Conclusion: understanding of medical professionalism varies among stakeholders and depends on context, culture, environment, and many other factors identified in this research
A comparative study of hemolytic and cytotoxic perspectives of saponin from some Egyptian sea cucumber species
Authors: Kandeil Manar A. , Atlam Aalaa A. I. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
There are intense efforts from pharmaceutical manufacturers to discover novel approaches to find new drug candidates for cancer treatment. Sea cucumber is widely consumed in traditional medicine. Its anticancer potential is associated with the content of a bioactive compound known as saponin. The ultimate goal of this paper is to compare the hemolytic activity and cytotoxicity of six Egyptian sea cucumber extracts. The crude saponins were extracted from the body wall using ethanol. The hemolytic assay confirmed the presence of saponins. The cytotoxicity of extract from Actinopyga mauritiana, Bohadschia marmorata, Holothuria atra, H. leucospilota, H. edulis, and H. polii, was examined by two methods: (i) lethality assay in brine shrimp (Artemia salina) (BSA), and (ii) tetrazolium dye-based colorimetric (MTT) assay in human cancer cell lines such as colorectal carcinoma (HCT-116), epitheliod carcinoma (Hela), epidermoid carcinoma (HEP2), and human prostate cancer (PC3)).
Results
Hemolytic activity was observed in H. atra, H. edulis, B. marmorata, and A. mauritiana, while H. polii and H. leucospilota showed no hemolytic activity. The data in the BSA bioassay showed high and moderate cytotoxic activity of the body wall ethanolic extract. The more effective extracts were H. atra and B. marmorata based on cell lines. The average IC50 of H. atra extract against Hela, HeP2, HCT-116, and PC3 cells were 9.14 ± 0.8, 10.39 ± 0.9, 11.43 ± 1, 17.90 ± 1.5 µg/ml, respectively.
Conclusions
The data confirmed that Egyptian sea cucumber species are an exciting source for discovering anticancer novel drugs.
Sequences behavior and applications
Authors: Drissi Driss 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Let j be a fixed integer. Let {xn} be a sequence of complex numbers and let Δxj = xj+1−xj. Let 0 < α < 1, first, it is shown that (a) |xn| = O(eϵnα), as n → ∞ for all ϵ > 0, and (b) |Δnxj |1/n → 0 as n → ∞, if and only if there exists a positive constant R such that ∥Δnxj∥ ≤ Rnnn(1− 1/α). Second, we present an extended version of our result [3], where the condition on the growth of the sequence is replaced by the same condition on the Cesàro means Mn(xn) and retaining the conclusion. Applications to the orbits of operators are given. This helps to elucidate and improve former results of Mbekhta-Zemánek, Atzmon and others.
Simulating Chern insulators on a superconducting quantum processor
Authors: Fan Heng , Xiang Zhongcheng , Huang Kaixuan , Zhang Yu-Ran , Liu Tao , Shi Yun-Hao , Deng Cheng-Lin , Liu Tong , Li Hao , Liang Gui-Han , Mei Zheng-Yang , Yu Haifeng , Xue Guangming , Tian Ye , Song Xiaohui , Liu Zhi-Bo , Xu Kai , Zheng Dongning , Nori Franco 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The quantum Hall effect, fundamental in modern condensed matter physics, continuously inspires new theories and predicts emergent phases of matter. Analysing Chern insulators, a lattice version of the quantum Hall effect without external magnetic field, by testing the bulk-edge correspondence remains challenging on quantum simulation platforms. Here we experimentally demonstrate three types of Chern insulators with synthetic dimensions on a programable 30-qubit-ladder superconducting processor. Using a dynamic spectroscopic technique, we directly measure the band structures of the 2D Chern insulator along synthetic dimensions with various configurations of Aubry-André-Harper chains. By monitoring the quantum walks of an excitation initialised at the edge qubit, we observe dynamical localisation of the topologically protected chiral edge states. With these two signatures of topology, our experiments implement the bulk-edge correspondence in the synthetic 2D Chern insulator. Moreover, we simulate two different bilayer Chern insulators on the ladder-type superconducting processor. With the same periodically modulated on-site potentials for two coupled chains, we observe topologically nontrivial edge states with zero Hall conductivity. When the on-site potentials of two coupled chains have opposite signs, we probe a Chern insulator with higher Chern numbers. Our work shows the potential of using superconducting qubits for investigating different intriguing topological phases of quantum matter.
3D-printing-assisted flexible pressure sensor with concentric circles patterns and high sensitivity for health monitoring
Authors: So Hongyun , Lee Jihun 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this study, the flexible pressure sensor is fabricated using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with concentric circles pattern (CCP) through a fused deposition modeling (FDM)-type three-dimensional (3D) printer, and poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT: PSS) as the active layer. Through layer-by-layer additive manufacturing, the CCP surface is generated from a thin cone model with rough surfaces by the FDM-type 3D printer. A novel compression method is employed to convert the cone shape to planar microstructure over glass transition temperature of polylactic acid (PLA) filament. To endow the CCP surface, PDMS is replicated by compressed PLA with conductivity and the PEDOT: PSS is coated by drop-casting. The size of CCPs are controlled by changing printing layer height (PLH), which is one of the 3D printing parameters. Sensitivity enhances as the PLH increases, and the pressure sensor with 0.16-mm PLH exhibits outstanding sensitivity (160 kPa− 1), corresponding linear pressure range (0-0.577 kPa) with good linearity of (R2 = 0.978), compared to other PLHs. This pressure sensor exhibited stable and repeatable operation under various pressures and durability under 4.7 kPa for 2000 cycles. Finally, various health signal motions such as wrist pulse signals, swallowing, and pronunciation of words were demonstrated as an application. These results support the simple fabrication of high sensitive, flexible pressure sensor for human health monitoring.
COVID-19 pandemic and eating disorders in an Italian group of adolescents: a retrospective study
Authors: Straface Elisabetta , de Jacobis Isabella Tarissi , Capriati Teresa , Pretelli Italo , Grandin Annalisa , Mascolo Cristina , Vona Rosa , Gambardella Lucrezia , Cittadini Camilla , Villani Alberto , Marchili Maria Rosaria 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background. Social distancing and quarantine imposed by the authority during the COVID-19 pandemic caused restrictions, which had a negative impact on eating behavior, especially among adolescents. We proposed a retrospective study aimed to identify the main indicators/predictors of eating disorders occurring in this pandemic period.
Methods.In this study, a group of 127 pediatric patients (117 females and 10 males) with eating disorders admitted to the Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital of Rome (Italy), in the period between August 2019 and April 2021, was analyzed.
Results. We found that 80.3% of patients were at the onset of eating disorders and that 26% of patients had familiarity for psychotic disorders. Often these patients had comorbidities and alterations in blood parameters such as leukocytopenia, neutropenia, hypovitaminosis and hormonal problems that could affect their future.
Conclusions. Based on this study, we suggest that the therapeutic path of patients with eating disorders should guarantee not only psychological treatment, but also that of comorbidities.
A Wound-Friendly Antibacterial Hyaluronic Acid Dressing with On-Demand Removability for Infected Wound Healing
Authors: Hu Datao , Wen Jinpeng , Zhao Xinxin , Liu Kailai , Zhang Yuchen , Bu Yizhuo , Wang Ke 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Antibacterial activity and on-demand removability are key characteristics governing the effectiveness of clinic wound dressing. However, the excellent tissue adhesion of new dressings is often overemphasized without a detailed discussion of dressing replacement. Besides, the inherent antibacterial ability of dressings is beneficial for promoting the healing of infected wound. Therefore, we rationally design an injectable antibacterial wound dressing with on-demand removability to accelerate infected wound healing.
Method
We design this wound dressing with a simple and feasible method based on the electrostatic self-assembly of hyaluronic acid and ε-polylysine. We investigated the efficacy of the dressing in terms of its microtopography, rheology, self-healing performance, adhesive ability, antimicrobial, hemostatic, on-demand removal properties, and wound healing promotion through various tests.
Results
The prepared dressing possesses injectability, self-healing ability and antibacterial activity, showing NaCl-triggered on-demand dissolution due to the disruption of electrostatic interactions. When used as dressings for healing full-thickness wounds, it could effectively accelerate wound healing by killing bacteria, downregulating inflammation, promoting collagen deposition, enhancing keratinocyte migration and angiogenesis due to its excellent adhesion ability, favorable hemostatic property, and potent antibacterial performance.
Conclusion
All results indicate this dressing is a simple and practical combined dressing for clinical application. This strategy provides a novel idea for developing on-demand removal dressings with antibacterial and injectable properties.
Informal caregivers’ personal needs – investigating the role of individual differences
Authors: Bidenko Katharina , Bohnet-Joschko Sabine 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: Although understanding informal caregivers’ personal needs is crucial for providing appropriate support, prior research shows shortcomings in this area. The aim of the current study is to investigate individual differences in informal caregivers' perceived personal needs depending on sociodemographic factors and home care situation.
Methods: The study uses a cross-sectional sample of 1,429 informal caregivers in Germany. They were surveyed by a questionnaire. Multivariate analysis of variance and regression analysis was carried out to investigate determinants of caregivers’ perceived personal needs.
Results: Significant differences in caregivers’ personal needs could be found. Women caregivers have a higher need for support in almost all domains than men do. Young caregivers have higher needs for financial and work-related support. Further, unemployed caregivers need more financial security and social contacts, while employed seek help with combining work and care. The informal caregivers' network and the care recipients' health status are other significant determinants of caregivers’ perceived personal needs.
Conclusions: Informal caregivers need different information and support depending on their individual situation. Understanding their specific needs in different situations is of primary importance to provide optimal support and help caregivers to maintain their own health. Policymakers and service providers could consider the current findings to develop services oriented toward caregivers’ personal needs and communicate them to potential users.
Does Environmental Information Disclosure Promote Green Total Factor Energy Efficiency? Evidence from China
Authors: Liu Xing-Yuan , Wen Hong-Xing , Ding Duo-Dong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAs a nontraditional environmental regulation, environmental information disclosure (EID) can influence the environmental behaviors of economic agents through information transparency, but research on EID and energy efficiency is still incomplete. Therefore, this study investigates the association between EID policies and green total factor energy efficiency (GTFEE) enhancement in Chinese prefecture-level cities from the perspective of regional resource endowment characteristics. The study uses the generalized multiperiod DID method and 2004–2019 panel data from 282 prefecture-level cities. Based on a quasi-natural experiment involving the new ambient air quality standards (NAAQSs) introduced in 2012, the study finds that the implementation of this EID policy significantly promotes GTFEE improvement in China’s resource-based cities. Furthermore, the driving mechanism and heterogeneous effects are analyzed: 1. both the optimization of industrial structure and green innovation capability strengthen the improvement effect of the NAAQSs on GTFEE; and 2. both the type of industrial base and the initial public monitoring motivation positively influence the improvement effect of the NAAQSs on GTFEE.
Applicability of Vancomycin, Meropenem and Linezolid in capillary microsamples versus dried blood spots: a validation and pilot study suitable for microsampling in critically ill children
Authors: Xiaoyong Xu , Jinglin Wang , Guangfei Wang , Huimin Zhang , Hong Xu , Zhiping Li 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTherapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of antimicrobials is extremely useful in critically ill patients. However, it’s a burden for neonate or children with small circulating blood volume. In the present study, we aimed to develop and validate a microsampling TDM platform (including dried blood spots (DBS) and capillary microsamples (CMS)) for the simultaneous quantification of vancomycin, meropenem and linezolid. Paired DBS and CMS samples were obtained from ICU to evaluate its clinical application. Estimated plasma concentrations (EPC) were calculated from DBS concentrations. Agreement between methods was evaluated using Deming regression and Bland–Altman difference plots. Results for microsampling methods validation showed excellent reliability and compatible with the analysis of sample matrix and hematocrit range of the studied population. DBS and CMS results for accuracy and precision were within accepted ranges, samples were stable at room temperature for at least 2 days and 10h, respectively. Hematocrit has no impact on CMS, but sightly impact on DBS measurement. The CMS and DBS antibiotics concentrations correlated well (r > 0.98). The ratio of the drug concentration in DBS samples to that in CMS was 1.39 for vancomycin ,1.34 for meropenem and 0.94 for linezolid. EPC calculated from DBS using individual hematocrit presented comparable absolute values for vancomycin (slope:1.06) and meropenem(slope:1.04), being in mean 98%,99% of the measured CMS concentrations, respectively.Conclusion: This study provides a microsampling TDM platform validated for clinical use for a rapid quantification of three antibiotics in a small volume of blood and is suitable for real-time TDM-guided personalization of antimicrobial treatment in critically ill children.
Outcomes of Health Care Services Provided to Egyptian Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Single Centre Experience from a Developing Country
Authors: Elhabashy Safinaz Adel , Elbarbary Nancy Samir , Hassan Ahmed Abdelhameed , Thabet Rasha Adel 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground Despite the existence of evidence-based guidelines for the care of children with diabetes, widespread gaps in knowledge, attitude, and practice remain. Aim of the work: To evaluate the current health care services provided to patients with type 1 diabetes registered in Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetology Unit (PADU), Children's hospital of Ain-Shams University, in terms of metabolic control and complications encountered. Methods This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 672 patients attending PADU. Patients' data was extracted from their records including baseline and follow up examination and investigations. Results Mean age of studied patients is 12.63 ± 3.41 years, mean BMI is 20.11 ± 4.03 (kg/m2) with a median diabetes duration of 5.54 ± 3.07 years. Mean HbA1c of all patients was 8.75 ± 1.94%, with 86.9% of patients having HbA1c > 7%. The mean number of blood glucose monitoring is 2.43 ± 0.64 times/day and mean insulin dose is 1.17 ± 0.27 u/kg/day. Regarding microvascular complications 6.7% had nephropathy ,4.9% had peripheral neuropathy, no retinopathy and 10.85% had hyperlipidemia. Patients with more than 5-year-diabetes duration have significantly higher cholesterol level (167.58 ± 38.02 versus 163.23 ± 35.54 mg/dl), higher LDL (100.23 ± 29.49 versus 95.70 ± 28.11 mg/dl), and lower number of SMBG (2.24 ± 0.66 versus 2.58 ± 0.57 times/day, p < 0.05 for all). Conclusion These results are a testimony of the reality managing diabetes by dynamic teams striving to achieve recommended standards of care for pediatric diabetes in an environment with limited resources.
Predicting and Understanding Human Action Decisions during Skillful Joint-Action using Supervised Machine Learning and Explainable-AI
Authors: Auletta Fabrizia , Kallen Rachel W. , Bernardo Mario di , Richardson Michael 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This study investigated the utility of supervised machine learning (SML) and explainable artificial intelligence (AI) techniques for modeling and understanding human decision-making during multiagent task performance. Long short-term memory (LSTM) networks were trained to predict the target selection decisions of expert and novice players completing a multiagent herding task. The results revealed that the trained LSTM models could not only accurately predict the target selection decisions of expert and novice players but that these predictions could be made at timescales that preceded a player’s conscious intent. Importantly, the models were also expertise specific, in that models trained to predict the target selection decisions of experts could not accurately predict the target selection decisions of novices (and vice versa). To understand what differentiated expert and novice target selection decisions, we employed the explainable-AI technique, SHapley Additive explanation (SHAP), to identify what informational features (variables) most influenced model predictions. The SHAP analysis revealed that experts were more reliant on information about target direction of heading and the location of co-herders (i.e., other players) compared to novices. The implications and assumptions underlying the use of SML and explainable-AI techniques for investigating and understanding human decision-making are discussed.