bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Statistical Calibration of Long-Term Reanalysis Data for Australian Fire Weather Conditions
Authors: Biswas Soubhik , Chand Savin S. , Dowdy Andrew J. , Wright Wendy , Foale Cameron , Zhao Xiaohui , Deo Anil 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Reconstructed weather datasets, such as reanalyses based on model output with data assimilation, often show systematic biases in magnitude when compared with observations. Postprocessing approaches can help adjust the distribution so that the reconstructed data resemble the observed data as closely as possible. In this study, we have compared various statistical bias-correction approaches based on quantile–quantile matching to correct the data from the Twentieth Century Reanalysis, version 2c (20CRv2c), with observation-based data. Methods included in the comparison utilize a suite of different approaches: a linear model, a median-based approach, a nonparametric linear method, a spline-based method, and approaches that are based on the lognormal and Weibull distributions. These methods were applied to daily data in the Australian region for rainfall, maximum temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed. Note that these are the variables required to compute the forest fire danger index (FFDI), widely used in Australia to examine dangerous fire weather conditions. We have compared the relative errors and performances of each method across various locations in Australia and applied the approach with the lowest mean-absolute error across multiple variables to produce a reliable long-term bias-corrected FFDI dataset across Australia. The spline-based data correction was found to have some benefits relative to the other methods in better representing the mean FFDI values and the extremes from the observed records for many of the cases examined here. It is intended that this statistical bias-correction approach applied to long-term reanalysis data will help enable new insight on climatological variations in hazardous phenomena, including dangerous wildfires in Australia extending over the past century.
Reflective Skills, Empathy, Wellbeing, and Resilience in Cognitive-Behavior Therapy Trainees Participating in Mindfulness-Based Self-Practice/Self-Reflection
Authors: Mösler Thomas , Poppek Sandra , Leonhard Christoph , Collet Wilfried 
Published: May 2022

Self-Practice/Self-Reflection (SP/SR) is an aspect of therapist training and professional development aimed at enhancing therapy skills, empathy, wellbeing, and resilience in the ultimate furtherance of client outcomes. For many decades, intensive SP/SR has been a required part of therapist training in many countries but relatively little is known about the effect of SP/SR. Studies have found cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) therapists trained under a Beckian CBT paradigm benefitted from more time limited Beckian SP/SR. Mindfulness-based CBT is a more recent third-wave CBT paradigm with psychological process aims similar to those of SP/SR. While training in mindfulness-based CBT often has prominent SP/SR aspects, and mindfulness practice has been shown to benefit health care providers personally and professionally, to date no evaluations have been reported specifically of effects of participation of CBT trainees in stand-alone mindfulness-based SP/SR that meets regulatory requirements for more intensive SP/SR. A study on SP/SR training meeting German requirements is reported here. Post-graduate CBT trainees ( N = 95) were assigned to delayed or immediate SP/SR with those in the delayed SP/SR condition crossing-over into SP/SR training after two baseline evaluations on a variety of reflective skill, wellbeing, and resilience measures spaced six to 9 months apart before participating in 120–150 hours of stand-alone mindfulness-based SP/SR followed by a third reevaluation on all study measures. Participants assigned to the immediate SP/SR condition underwent identical SP/SR training with pre/post assessments. Results indicate participation in intensive stand-alone mindfulness-based SP/SR resulted in favorable changes in measures operationalizing all variables. Findings are discussed in terms of their implications for training and professional development of CBT therapists.
“Immigration Knocks on the Door . . . We Are Stuck . . .”: A Multilevel Analysis of Undocumented Youth’s Experiences of Racism, System Failure, and Resistance in Policy and School Contexts
Authors: Rodriguez Sophia 
Published: May 2022

Background/Context: Undocumented youth navigate unwelcoming federal, state, and local contexts in the United States. Although previous research shows the significant impact of immigration policy and enforcement on educational outcomes and social-emotional well-being, this study sheds light on the multiple, intersecting policy, and school contexts that hinder social and educational mobility. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to elicit Latinx undocumented immigrant youth experiences in a southern state to contribute to evolving research on their experiences in K-12 schools. In addition, the purpose was to understand how undocumented youth (a) talk about the policies that impact their daily lives, (b) perceive the organizational-level structures that exist to support them in school and community contexts, and (c) articulate a sense of belonging through their community and school interactions in relation to processes of racialization and its impact on immigration status. Conceptually, the paper uses a multilevel, interactional framework to show the impact of racialization of Latinx undocumented immigrants in policy, school, and community, and relational contexts. Research Design: The study is a 3-year critical ethnography of two Title I high schools in the U.S. South that maintains particularly restrictive policies toward immigrants. Fieldwork from two school sites and interviews with 63 undocumented youth, and relevant personnel deepen our understanding of their status of illegality—specifically how their material lives are impacted by policy and institutional-level dynamics and constraints. Conclusions/Recommendations: The author shows how youth voice through ethnographic evidence counteracts anti-immigrant policies and criminalization of Latinx immigrants; youth critique social policy and institutions that seek to limit their progress in society. The implications for policymakers, educators, and school-based personnel is significant Although legal status may impose certain limitations on undocumented students’ educational opportunities, their educational trajectories are still highly determined by school structures. Knowing this, educators can respond effectively to ensure educational rights and equitable educational practice.
Socialist fragments East and West: Towards a comparative anthropology of global (post-)socialism
Authors: Deakin Robert , Nicolescu Gabriela 
Published: May 2022

This article initiates a comparative anthropological analysis of the legacies and endurances of socialism in two different European contexts. It draws on ethnographic and historical material relating to the UK and Romania, 40 years after the first efforts to privatize central elements of the welfare state in the UK and 30 years after the collapse of state socialism in central and eastern Europe. Rather than restricting our analysis to the ‘East’ and the 20th century, as is often the case in the literature on post-socialism, we argue for the need to attend to socialism’s historical border-crossings as well as its persistence today as a set of practices and imaginaries which are not wedded to one historically existing state form. Through controversies around the demolition of council (public) housing estates in London and exploration of work practices in cooperatives of production in Romania this article illustrates such historical border-crossings, and comparatively analyses the contemporary curation of what we call ‘socialist fragments’ at both these sites.
Lemborexant, an orexin receptor antagonist sedative-hypnotic: Is it useful for insomnia in psychiatric disorders?
Authors: Keks Nicholas A , Hope Judy 
Published: May 2022

Objective Lemborexant, an orexin receptor antagonist similar to suvorexant, has been approved for the treatment of sleep onset and/or maintenance insomnia. Lemborexant is reviewed and compare to suvorexant from a psychiatric perspective. Conclusion Rapidly absorbed (peak 1–3 h), lemborexant has a half-life of 17–19 h (suvorexant half-life 12 h). It is metabolized by CYP3A4/5, with no significant effects of age, sex or weight. Trials for insomnia indicate sustained efficacy beyond 6 months. Lemborexant has not been trialled in major psychiatric disorders. Commenced at 5 mg, lemborexant can then be increased to 10 mg, taken at least 7 h before planned awakening. Adverse effects are higher at 10 mg: somnolence occurs in about 10% while headache and nightmares affect 2–5%, approximately similar to 40 mg suvorexant (recommended suvorexant dose 20 mg). Sleep paralysis, hypnagogic/hypnopompic hallucinations, and cataplexy-like symptoms, complex sleep behaviours and emergence of depression/suicidal ideation can occur. Neither tolerance to sedation nor withdrawal effects on discontinuation have been observed. Whether the differences between lemborexant and suvorexant are clinically relevant is unclear. Like suvorexant, lemborexant appears to be effective in longer-term use for insomnia, but until efficacy and safety are adequately investigated in major mental disorders, clinicians need to monitor patient experience closely.
Recent Estimates and Predictions of 5-Year Survival in Patients with Gastric Cancer: A Model-Based Period Analysis
Authors: Li Yunmei , Feng Aozi , Zheng Shuai , Chen Chong , Lyu Jun 
Published: May 2022

Background: The overall incidence and mortality of gastric cancer have steadily declined in the United States over the past few decades, but it is still a serious disease burden for patients. Therefore, it is of great significance to evaluate the latest survival rate of gastric cancer. Methods: Based on the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database, this study analyzed the age-standardized relative survival rates and survival trends of gastric cancer cases in 2007–2011 and 2012–2016 using period analysis, and the survival rate 2017–2021 was predicted using a generalized linear model based on the period analysis. Results: During 2007–2016, the 5-year relative survival rate of patients with gastric cancer continued to rise, and the same trend was observed in 2017–2021. The 5-year overall age-standardized relative survival rates in 2007–2011, 2012–2016, and 2017–2021 were 38.3%, 40.6%, and 42.9%, respectively. However, despite these favorable trends, the overall relative survival of patients with gastric cancer remains at a low level. There were significant differences in the relative survival rates of patients with gastric cancer in terms of age, sex, race, primary site, stage, and socioeconomic status. Notably, the survival rate of patients with distant-stage gastric cancer remains very low (10%). Conclusion: We found that the survival rate of patients with gastric cancer showed different degrees of improvement in each subgroup. However, the overall relative survival rate of patients with gastric cancer remains low. Analyzing the changes of patients with gastric cancer in the last 10 years will be helpful in predicting the changing trend of cancer in the future. It also provides a scientific basis for relevant departments to formulate effective tumor prevention and control measures.
Combined Treatment With Carotid Endoarterectomy and Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: A Single-Institutional Experience in 222 Patients
Authors: Modugno Pietro , Picone Veronica , Centritto Enrico Maria , Calvo Eugenio , Canosa Carlo , Piancone Felice , Testa Nicola , Camposarcone Nicola , Castellano Gaetano , Astore Pasquale , Di Martino Luigi , Di Iusto Fabrizio , De Filippo Carlo Maria , Massetti Massimo 
Published: May 2022

Introduction Carotid atherosclerotic disease is a known independent risk factor of post operative stroke after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). The best management of concomitant coronary artery disease and carotid artery disease remains debated. Current strategies include simultaneous carotid endoarterectomy (CEA) and CABG, staged CEA followed by CABG, staged CABG followed by CEA, staged transfemoral carotid artery stenting (TF-CAS) followed by CABG, simultaneous TF-CAS and CABG and transcarotid artery stenting. Methods We report our experience based on a cohort of 222 patients undergoing combined CEA and CABG surgery who come to our observation from 2004 to 2020. All patients with >70% carotid stenosis and severe multivessel or common truncal coronary artery disease underwent combined CEA and CABG surgery at our instituion. 30% of patients had previously remote neurological symptoms or a cerebral CT-scan with ischemic lesions. Patients with carotid stenosis >70%, either asymptomatic or symptomatic, underwent CT-scan without contrast media to assess ischemic brain injury, and in some cases, if necessary, CT-angiography of the neck and intracranial vessels. Results The overall perioperative mortality rate was 4.1% (9/222 patients). Two patients (.9%) had periprocedural ipsilateral transient ischemic attack (TIA) which completely resolved by the second postoperative day. Two patients (.9%) had an ipsilateral stroke, while 7 patients (3.2%) had a stroke of the controlateral brain hemisphere. Two patients (.9%) patients were affected by periprocedural coma caused by cerebral hypoperfusion due to perioperative heart failure. There were no statistically significant differences between patients in Extracorporeal Circulation (ECC) and Off-pump patients in the onset of perioperative stroke. Conclusion Our experience reported that combined surgical treatment of CEA and CABG, possibly Off-Pump, is a feasible treatment procedure, able to minimize the risk of post-operative stroke and cognitive deficits.
Population pharmacokinetic model and limited sampling strategy for clozapine using plasma and dried blood spot samples
Authors: Geers Lisanne M. , Cohen Dan , Wehkamp Laura M. , van Wattum Hans J. , Kosterink Jos G.W. , Loonen Anton J.M. , Touw Daan J. 
Published: May 2022

Background: To improve efficacy, therapeutic drug monitoring is often used in clozapine therapy. Trough level monitoring is regular, but trough levels provide limited information about the pharmacokinetics of clozapine and exposure in time. The area under the concentration time curve (AUC) is generally valued as better marker of drug exposure in time but calculating AUC needs multiple sampling. An alternative approach is a limited sampling scheme in combination with a population pharmacokinetic model meant for Bayesian forecasting. Furthermore, multiple venepunctions can be a burden for the patient, whereas collecting samples by means of dried blood spot (DBS) sampling can facilitate AUC-monitoring, making it more patient friendly. Objective: Development of a population pharmacokinetic model and limited sampling strategy for estimating AUC0-12h (a twice-daily dosage regimen) and AUC0-24h (a once-daily dosage regimen) of clozapine, using a combination of results from venepunctions and DBS sampling. Method: From 15 schizophrenia patients, plasma and DBS samples were obtained before administration and 2, 4, 6, and 8 h after clozapine intake. MwPharm® pharmacokinetic software was used to parameterize a population pharmacokinetic model and calculate limited sampling schemes. Results: A three-point sampling strategy with samples at 2, 6, and 8 h after clozapine intake gave the best estimation of the clozapine AUC0-12h and at 4, 10, and 11 h for the AUC0-24h. For clinical practice, however, a two-point sampling strategy with sampling points at 2 and 6 h was sufficient to estimate AUC0-12h and at 4 and 11 h for AUC0-24h. Conclusion: A pharmacokinetic model with a two–time point limited sampling strategy meant for Bayesian forecasting using DBS sampling gives a better prediction of the clozapine exposure in time, expressed as AUC, compared to trough level monitoring. This limited sampling strategy might therefore provide a more accurate prediction of effectiveness and occurrence of side effects compared to trough level monitoring. The use of DBS samples also makes the collection of clozapine samples easier and wider applicable.
The Relationship Between Workplace Incivility and Psychological Distress: The Moderating Role of Servant Leadership
Authors: Qiu Shaoping , Zhang Ruijuan 
Published: May 2022

Background: The relationship between workplace incivility and psychological distress among nurses has been well-documented in the nursing literature. Management practices to reduce the negative impact are less clear. This study aimed to examine perceived servant leadership as a moderator between workplace incivility and psychological distress among nurses in Chinese hospitals. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design and was conducted between September and October 2020. We recruited 1,604 nurses from 13 Chinese hospitals across different regions in China ranging from 18 to 55 years in age ( M = 28.48 years, SD = 6.53 years). Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the data. Findings: The results showed that workplace incivility (β = 0.40, p < .001) and perceived servant leadership (β = −0.13, p < .001), as well as their interaction (β = −0.11, p = .002), predicted nurses’ psychological distress. Perceived servant leadership moderates the relationship between workplace incivility and psychological distress. Conclusions/Application to Practice: Servant leaders can create an ethical work climate, display empathy and compassion, and facilitate resilience. Our findings can assist hospital management with support from occupational health providers to recruit, train, and assess nursing supervisors. Also, occupational health providers in collaboration with nursing administration can monitor incivility, psychological distress, servant leadership levels, and impact.
Complete Versus Incomplete Surgical Resection in Intramedullary Astrocytoma: Systematic Review with Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis
Authors: Golpayegani Mehdi , Edalatfar Maryam , Ahmadi Ayat , Sadeghi-Naini Mohsen , Salari Farhad , Hanaei Sara , Shokraneh Farhad , Ghodsi Zahra , Vaccaro Alex R. , Rahimi-Movaghar Vafa 
Published: April 2022

Study Design Systematic review Background: Considering the infiltrative nature of intramedullary astrocytoma, the goal of surgery is to have a better patient related outcome. Objective To compare the overall survival (OS) and neurologic outcomes of complete vs incomplete surgical resection for patients with intramedullary astrocytoma. Methods A comprehensive search of MEDLINE, CENTRAL and EMBASE was conducted by two independent reviewers. Individual patient data (IPD) analysis and multivariate Cox Proportional Hazard Model was developed to measure the effect of surgical strategies on OS, post-operative neurological improvement (PNI), and neurological improvement in the last follow up (FNI). Results We included 1079 patients from 35 studies. Individual patient data of 228 patients (13 articles) was incorporated into the integrative IPD analysis. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed complete resection (CR) significantly improved OS in comparison with the incomplete resection (IR) (log-rank test, P = .004). In the multivariate IPD analysis, three prognostic factors had significant effect on the OS: (1) Extent of Resection, (2) pathology grade, and (3) adjuvant therapy. We observed an upward trend in the popularity of chemotherapy, but CR, IR, and radiotherapy had relatively stable trends during three decades. Conclusion Our study shows that CR can improve OS when compared to IR. Patients with spinal cord astrocytoma undergoing CR had similar PNI and FNI compared to IR. Therefore, CR should be the primary goal of surgery, but intraoperative decisions on the extent of resection should be relied on to prevent neurologic adverse events. Due to significant effect of adjuvant therapy on OS, PNI and FNI, it could be considered as the routine treatment strategy for spinal cord astrocytoma.
The Impact of Preventive Dental Services on Subsequent Dental Treatment for Children in Medicaid
Authors: Brickhouse T.H. , Yu J. , Kumar A.M. , Dahman B. 
Published: May 2022

Objective: The goal of this study was to use claims data linked with community-level measures to evaluate the impact of preventive services on the time to subsequent restorative, advanced restorative, and complex dental treatment among children enrolled in the Virginia Medicaid program. Methods: Four data sources were used (dental claims, eligibility files, American Community Survey, and Area Health Resource Files) for fiscal years 2011 to 2018. The outcomes of interest were time to first treatment services from birth. The treatment outcomes were basic restorative treatment, advanced restorative treatment, or complex treatment. The independent variable was a preventive service prior to a treatment service. Time-to-event curves were estimated and compared using a log-rank test. Propensity score–matched univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards frailty models with an inverse probability censoring weighting correction estimated hazard ratios (HRs) for treatment outcomes comparing use of preventive services while controlling for patient demographic, geospatial, and county-level socioeconomic status measures. Results: The analysis included 430,594 children (10,204,182 claims). A log-rank test showed significant differences (P < 0.001) between the times to treatment of those who had a preventive service and those who did not have a preventive service prior to a treatment service. Both Kaplan–Meier curves and the adjusted HR (1.88; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.46–2.15) indicated that children without preventive services were more likely to have basic restorative treatment at an earlier age along with advanced restorative treatment (HR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.28–1.80) and complex treatment (HR, 2.13; 95% CI, 1.68–2.61). Conclusions: In a population of Medicaid-enrolled children, children who did not receive preventive services were significantly more likely to have treatment at an earlier age than those who did receive preventive services. Knowledge Transfer Statement: This study examines the impact of the utilization of preventive dental services since birth and the subsequent dental treatment for children enrolled in a dental Medicaid program. This study also examines the influence of preventive care on dental complexity of treatment for these children. Findings can inform federal and state policy planning of dental Medicaid programs as well as interventions to improve referral systems for the early use of preventive dental services and the establishment of a dental home.