bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Congenital cerebral malaria: a masquerader in a neonate
Authors: Nwaneli Ezinne I. , Nri-ezedi Chisom A. , Okeke Kenneth N. , Edokwe Emeka S. , Echendu Sylvia T. , Iloh Kenechukwu K. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Congenital malaria, which is caused by vertical transmission of malaria parasites, is a potentially fatal condition. Despite Africa’s high malaria burden, congenital malaria is not routinely screened for, and thus may go undiagnosed. Malaria, if not treated promptly, can quickly progress to severe forms and result in death. Severe congenital malaria is believed to be uncommon in neonates due to maternal antibodies, fetal haemoglobin, and the placenta’s sieving effect. The majority of reported cases were classified as having severe anaemia. Following a thorough review of the literature, only one case of congenital cerebral malaria (CCM) has been reported, and it was misdiagnosed.

Case presentation
A 5-day-old Nigerian neonate born to an apparently healthy mother initially displayed characteristics consistent with neonatal sepsis and severe neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia. He quickly developed characteristics consistent with meningitis. Surprisingly, the peripheral blood film revealed evidence of malaria parasites, which was immediately confirmed by Giemsa-stained thick and thin blood film microscopy for malaria. The patient was diagnosed with congenital cerebral malaria. The medication was modified to parenteral artesunate followed by oral artemisinin combination therapy. The neonate recovered fully and had no neurological deficits on follow up.

Conclusion
Because CCM and infant meningitis have similar clinical presentations, CCM could be misdiagnosed and lead to death if there isn’t a high index of suspicion.
Articulating ethical principles guiding Target Malaria's engagement strategy
Authors: Roberts Aaron J. , Thizy Delphine 
Published: February 2022

AbstractProgress in gene drive research has engendered a lively discussion about community engagement and the ethical standards the work hinges on. While there is broad agreement regarding ethical principles and established best practices for conducting clinical public health research, projects developing area-wide vector control technologies and initiating ambitious engagement strategies raise specific questions: who to engage, when to engage, and how? When responding to these fundamental questions, with few best practices available for guidance, projects need to reflect on and articulate the ethical principles that motivate and justify their approach. Target Malaria is a not-for-profit research consortium that aims to develop and share malaria control and elimination technology. The consortium is currently investigating the potential of a genetic technique called gene drive to control populations of malaria vectoring mosquito species Anopheles gambiae. Due to the potentially broad geographical, environmental impact of gene drive technology, Target Malaria has committed to a robust form of tailored engagement with the local communities in Burkina Faso, Mali, and Uganda, where research activities are currently taking place. This paper presents the principles guiding Target Malaria’s engagement strategy. Herein the authors (i) articulate the principles; (ii) explain the rationale for selecting them; (iii) share early lessons about the application of the principles. Since gene drive technology is an emerging technology, with few best practices available for guidance, the authors hope by sharing these lessons, to add to the growing literature regarding engagement strategies and practices for area-wide vector control, and more specifically, for gene drive research.
Continued adherence to community-based health insurance scheme in two districts of northeast Ethiopia: application of accelerated failure time shared frailty models
Authors: Hussien Mohammed , Azage Muluken , Bayou Negalign Berhanu 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
The sustainability of a voluntary community-based health insurance scheme depends to a greater extent on its ability to retain members. In low- and middle-income countries, high rate of member dropout has been a great concern for such schemes. Although several studies have investigated the factors influencing dropout decisions, none of these looked into how long and why members adhere to the scheme. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors affecting time to drop out while accounting for the influence of cluster-level variables.

Methods
A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 1232 rural households who have ever been enrolled in two community-based health insurance schemes. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire via a mobile data collection platform. The Kaplan–Meier estimates were used to compare the time to drop out among subgroups. To identify predictors of time to drop out, a multivariable analysis was done using the accelerated failure time shared frailty models. The degree of association was assessed using the acceleration factor (δ) and statistical significance was determined at 95% confidence interval.

Results
Results of the multivariable analysis revealed that marital status of the respondents (δ = 1.610; 95% CI: 1.216, 2.130), household size (δ = 1.168; 95% CI: 1.013, 1.346), presence of chronic illness (δ = 1.424; 95% CI: 1.165, 1.740), hospitalization history (δ = 1.306; 95% CI: 1.118, 1.527), higher perceived quality of care (δ = 1.322; 95% CI: 1.100, 1.587), perceived risk protection (δ = 1.218; 95% CI: 1.027, 1.444), and higher trust in the scheme (δ = 1.731; 95% CI: 1.428, 2.098) were significant predictors of time to drop out. Contrary to the literature, wealth status did not show a significant correlation with the time to drop out.

Conclusions
The fact that larger households and those with chronic illness remained longer in the scheme is suggestive of adverse selection. It is needed to reconsider the premium level in line with household size to attract small size households. Resolving problems related to the quality of health care can be a cross-cutting area of ​​intervention to retain members by building trust in the scheme and enhancing the risk protection ability of the schemes.
The high frequency of alcohol advertising during televised English Premier League football games shown in Ethiopia
Authors: Tamire Mulugeta , Barker Alex , Getachew Sefonias , Murray Rachael L. , Amedala Rihanna , Britton John , Deressa Wakgari , Fogarty Andrew W. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Excessive alcohol consumption is an important risk factor for increased morbidity, mortality and other social harms globally. Televised sport allows the promotion of alcoholic drinks to a large and often young audience, and thus can be used to develop new markets for alcohol in low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to analyse the alcohol advertising displayed during televised English Premier League (EPL) games, which is widely viewed in Ethiopia, and are particularly popular among young people.

Methods
Nineteen live televised EPL football matches broadcast in Ethiopia on the SuperSport channels over 4 weeks of the 2018/19 season were digitally recorded from the digital satellite television. Exposure to alcohol advertising was measured by calculating the total elapsed time duration with the alcohol content from the pre-match to the end of the post-game period of the broadcast.

Results
Data were available for a total of 2451 min broadcast time. Alcohol advertising accounted for 205.2 min (8.4%) with a mean duration of 10.8 min per match (range 5.5 to 22.6). The dominant format of alcohol advertisement was the display of logos associated with an alcoholic drink on the television (TV) screen, which accounted for approximately 43% of the total alcohol advertising time. This was followed by pitch side virtual display (17.7%) and a glass of alcohol drink on the TV screen (17.6%). Over three quarters of alcoholic drink advertising (77.7%) was during active football playing time. None of the advertisements on the televised football games showed cigarettes.

Conclusion
There is a high frequency of exposure to alcohol advertising during televised EPL matches in Ethiopia. It is important to ensure that the newly introduced domestic ban on alcohol advertising is also applied to foreign satellite broadcasters. This is likely to have relevance to other sub-Saharan African countries in promoting public health strategies to reduce harm from alcohol consumption.
Implementation of a nurse-led overdose prevention site in a hospital setting: lessons learned from St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
Authors: Dogherty Elizabeth , Patterson Carlin , Gagnon Marilou , Harrison Scott , Chase Jocelyn , Boerstler Jill , Gibson Jennifer , Gill Sam , Nolan Seonaid , Ryan Andy 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Objectives
In May 2018, St. Paul’s Hospital (SPH) in Vancouver (Canada) opened an outdoor peer-led overdose prevention site (OPS) operated in partnership with Vancouver Coastal Health and RainCity Housing. At the end of 2020, the partnered OPS moved to a new location, which created a gap in service for SPH inpatients and outpatients. To address this gap, which was magnified by the COVID-19 pandemic, SPH opened a nurse-led OPS in February 2021. This paper describes the steps leading to the implementation of the nurse-led OPS, its impact, and lessons learned.

Methods
Four steps paved the way for the opening of the OPS: (1) identifying the problem, (2) seeking ethics guidance, (3) adapting policies and practices, and (4) supporting and training staff.

Results
The OPS is open between 10:00 and 20:00 and staffed by two nurses per shift. It is accessible to all patients including inpatients, patients in the Emergency Department, and patients attending outpatient services. Between February 1, 2021 and October 23, 2021, the OPS recorded 1612 visits for the purpose of injection, for an average weekly visit number of 42. A total of 46 overdoses were recorded in that 9-month period. Thirty-seven (80%) required administration of naloxone and 12 (26%) required a code blue response.

Conclusions
Due to the unique nature of our OPS, we learned many important lessons in the process leading to the opening of the site and the months that followed. We conclude the paper with lessons learned grouped into six main categories, namely engagement, communication, access, staff education and support, data collection, and safety.
Psychometric evaluation of the Coronary Revascularisation Outcome Questionnaire (CROQ) in Norwegian patients admitted to elective coronary angiography and possible percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Myrbakk Ingvild Nordnes , Friborg Oddgeir , Høye Anne , Steigen Terje , Bergvik Svein 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
The Coronary Revascularisation Outcome Questionnaire (CROQ) measures health-related quality of life and outcome of invasive revascularization procedures such as percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). The CROQ has not been properly validated in Norwegian patient populations. The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Norwegian CROQ in patients admitted to elective coronary angiographic assessment and receiving PCI. Moreover, to examine its discriminative ability to detect disease severity and effects of invasive coronary treatment.

Methods
The patients (N = 280, Mage = 66.9, SDage = 8.91) completed the CROQ, prior to an elective coronary angiography and at one year follow-up. Analyses included internal consistency, floor and ceiling effects, and confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses of the CROQ. Convergent validity was evaluated by comparing CROQ scores with the RAND-12 measure. Sensitivity to treatment was examined by comparing pre-post effect size differences between the PCI treatment and non-treatment group.

Results
Significant stenosis qualifying for a PCI was detected in 121 (35.1%) patients. The model fit of the original CROQ factor model was inadequate in the PCI group. All but one of the CROQ items demonstrated ceiling effects. The CROQ failed to discriminate between patients’ disease severity prior to the coronary angiography, or improvement in those receiving versus not receiving PCI.

Conclusion
The present study of the Norwegian version of the CROQ identified serious problems with the factor structure, ceiling effects, and lack of sensitivity for disease severity and effects of invasive treatment. Currently, one cannot recommend the use of CROQ in clinical practice.
Incidence of proximal deep vein thrombosis in medical critical care patients
Authors: Permpikul Chairat , Chaiyasoot Walailak , Panitchote Anupol 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Approximately 13-31% of medical critical care patients develop deep vein thrombosis (DVT). However, there are very few reports regarding the incidence of DVT among Asian patients without routine prophylaxis. The objectives of this study were to assess the prevalence and incidence proportion of proximal DVT in Thai medical critical care patients not receiving thrombosis prophylaxis.

Methods
We conducted a prospective cohort study in medical critical care patients admitted to Siriraj Hospital, Thailand between November 2008 and November 2009. Patients were screened for proximal DVT by duplex ultrasonography performed 48 h, 7, 14 and 28 days after admission. Primary outcomes were prevalence and incidence proportion of DVT. Factors associated with the development of proximal DVT were evaluated by multivariate analysis.

Results
Of the 158 patients enrolled in the study, 25 had proximal DVT (15.8%). Nine patients (5.7%) had DVT on the first test at 48 h, while 10 (6.3%), 2 (1.3%) and 4 (2.5%) patients had developed DVT on days 7, 14, and 28, respectively. Thus, the prevalence at the beginning of the study was 5.7% (95%CI 2.6-10.5) and the incidence proportion was 10.1% (95%CI 5.9-15.9). The multivariate analysis showed that age (odds ratio [OR] per 1-year increase was 1.04, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01-1.07), female gender (OR 4.05, 95%CI 1.51-12.03), femoral venous catheter (OR 11.18, 95%CI 3.19-44.83), and the absence of platelet transfusion (OR 0.07, 95%CI 0.003-0.43) were associated with the development of proximal DVT. Patients with proximal DVT had a longer hospital length of stay (22 days [IQR 11-60] vs. 14 days [7-23], p = 0.03) and spent more time on mechanical ventilation (10 days (3.3-57) vs. 6 days (3-12), p = 0.053) than patients without DVT. Patient mortality was not affected by the presence of DVT (52% vs. 38.3%, p = 0.29).

Conclusions
Routine thromboprophylaxis is not used in our institution and the prevalence and incidence proportion of proximal DVT in Asian medical critical care patients were both substantial. Patients with older age, female gender, an intravenous femoral catheter, and the absence of platelet transfusion all had a higher chance of developing proximal DVT.
LncRNA NEAT1 facilitates glioma progression via stabilizing PGK1
Authors: Liang Jingshan , Liu Changtao , Xu Dezhi , Xie Kang , Li Aimin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Long noncoding RNA NEAT1 has been implicated in glioma progression. However, the effect of NEAT1 on glycolysis of glioma cell and the potential mechanism remain unclear.

Methods
In vitro experiments, including CCK-8, colony formation, ECAR, and lactate detection assays were performed to evaluate the effect of NEAT1 on proliferation and glycolysis of glioma cell. RNA pulldown and RIP assays were performed to identify the interaction between NEAT1 and PGK1. Truncated mutation of NEAT1 and PGK1 was used to confirm the specific interactive domains between NEAT1 and PGK1. Animal studies were performed to analyze the effect of NEAT1/PGK1 on glioma progression.

Results
NEAT1 knockdown significantly suppressed the proliferation and glycolysis of glioma cells. NEAT1 could specifically interact with PGK1, which promotes PGK1 stability. Hairpin A of NEAT1 is essential for interaction with M1 domain of PGK1. Depletion of NEAT1 markedly inhibited tumor growth in mice, while PGK1 could reverse this effect. Higher expression of NEAT1 was associated with poor overall survival of GBM patients.

Conclusions
NEAT1 over expression promotes glioma progression through stabilizing PGK1. NEAT1/PGK1 axis is a candidate therapeutic target for glioma treatment.
TGF-β1 induced deficiency of linc00261 promotes epithelial–mesenchymal-transition and stemness of hepatocellular carcinoma via modulating SMAD3
Authors: Chen Zhanjun , Xiang Leyang , Li Longhai , Ou Huohui , Fang Yinghao , Xu Yuyan , Liu Qin , Hu Zhigang , Huang Yu , Li Xianghong , Yang Dinghua 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEmerging evidence suggests that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in the metastasis and recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A kinds of lncRNAs were found to be involved in regulating epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) or stem-like traits in human cancers, however, the molecular mechanism and signaling pathways targeting EMT and stemness remains largely unknown. Previously, we found that linc00261 was down-regulated in HCC and associated with multiple worse clinical pathological parameters and poor prognosis. Here, we show that linc00261 was down-regulated in TGF-β1 stimulated cells, and forced expression of linc00261 attenuated EMT and stem-like traits in HCC. Linc00261 also inhibited the tumor sphere forming in vitro and decreased the tumorigenicity in vivo. Furthermore, we revealed that linc00261 suppressed the expression and phosphorylation of SMAD3 (p-SMAD3), which could be core transcriptional modulator in TGF-β1 signaling mediated EMT and the acquisition of stemness traits. A negative correlation between linc00261 and p-SMAD3 was determined in HCC samples. Conclusion: Our study revealed that linc00261 suppressed EMT and stem-like traits in HCC cells by inhibiting TGF-β1/SMAD3 signaling.
Characteristics of the sputum microbiome in COPD exacerbations and correlations between clinical indices
Authors: Su Linfan , Qiao Yixian , Luo Jinmei , Huang Rong , Li Zhiwei , Zhang Hongbing , Zhao Hongmei , Wang Jing , Xiao Yi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a prevalent, progressive respiratory disease, and acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD) can accelerate the deterioration of the disease. Increasing evidence suggests that airway bacterial dysbiosis is associated with AECOPD. However, the exact relationship between changes in the sputum microbiome during AECOPD and clinical indices remains unclear.

Methods
In this study, a total of 76 sputum samples were collected from patients with AECOPD (n = 28), stable COPD (n = 23), recovery (n = 15) and healthy controls (HCs; n = 10). The sputum microbiome profile was analysed by sequencing the V3‑V4 amplicon of the 16S rRNA (ribosomal RNA) gene.

Results
The bacterial diversity (Shannon and Simpson’s index) was found to be significantly decreased in the AECOPD and recovery groups when compared to that in the stable COPD and HC groups. The most dominant phylum identified in the sputum samples of AECOPD patients was Proteobacteria, accounting for 30% of the microbiome. Compared to the stable COPD groups, the relative abundances of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were decreased, whereas those of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were increased in AECOPD patients. Furthermore, discriminative bacteria, such as Haemophilus, were identified as being specific taxa in AECOPD patients. Functional analysis showed that genes involved in membrane transport and signal transduction metabolism were enriched in the AECOPD group. Importantly, the proportions of Veillonella were positively correlated with lung function, and Staphylococcus was positively correlated with inflammatory indices.

Conclusion
Our study revealed variations in the sputum microbiome of AECOPD (based on composition and function) in a Chinese cohort and highlighted its correlation to clinical indices. These results indicated that microbial dysbiosis may contribute to disease progression and provide microbial biomarkers for the diagnosis of AECOPD.
Long-term running exercise improves cognitive function and promotes microglial glucose metabolism and morphological plasticity in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice
Authors: Zhang Shan-shan , Zhu Lin , Peng Yan , Zhang Lei , Chao Feng-lei , Jiang Lin , Xiao Qian , Liang Xin , Tang Jing , Yang Hao , He Qi , Guo Yi-jing , Zhou Chun-ni , Tang Yong 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
The role of physical exercise in the prevention of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has been widely studied. Microglia play an important role in AD. Triggering receptor expressed in myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is expressed on microglia and is known to mediate microglial metabolic activity and brain glucose metabolism. However, the relationship between brain glucose metabolism and microglial metabolic activity during running exercise in APP/PS1 mice remains unclear.

Methods
Ten-month-old male APP/PS1 mice and wild-type mice were randomly divided into sedentary groups or running groups (AD_Sed, WT_Sed, AD_Run and WT_Run, n = 20/group). Running mice had free access to a running wheel for 3 months. Behavioral tests, [18]F-FDG-PET and hippocampal RNA-Seq were performed. The expression levels of microglial glucose transporter (GLUT5), TREM2, soluble TREM2 (sTREM2), TYRO protein tyrosine kinase binding protein (TYROBP), secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1), and phosphorylated spleen tyrosine kinase (p-SYK) were estimated by western blot or ELISA. Immunohistochemistry, stereological methods and immunofluorescence were used to investigate the morphology, proliferation and activity of microglia.

Results
Long-term voluntary running significantly improved cognitive function in APP/PS1 mice. Although there were few differentially expressed genes (DEGs), gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) showed enriched glycometabolic pathways in APP/PS1 running mice. Running exercise increased FDG uptake in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice, as well as the protein expression of GLUT5, TREM2, SPP1 and p-SYK. The level of sTREM2 decreased in the plasma of APP/PS1 running mice. The number of microglia, the length and endpoints of microglial processes, and the ratio of GLUT5+/IBA1+ microglia were increased in the dentate gyrus (DG) of APP/PS1 running mice. Running exercise did not alter the number of 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU)+/IBA1+ microglia but reduced the immunoactivity of CD68 in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice.

Conclusions
Running exercise inhibited TREM2 shedding and maintained TREM2 protein levels, which were accompanied by the promotion of brain glucose metabolism, microglial glucose metabolism and morphological plasticity in the hippocampus of AD mice. Microglia might be a structural target responsible for the benefits of running exercise in AD. Promoting microglial glucose metabolism and morphological plasticity modulated by TREM2 might be a novel strategy for AD treatment.