bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Positive experiences in dementia care-giving: findings from the IDEAL programme
Authors: Quinn Catherine , Toms Gill , Rippon Isla , Nelis Sharon M. , Henderson Catherine , Morris Robin G. , Rusted Jennifer M. , Thom Jeanette M. , van den Heuvel Eleanor , Victor Christina , Clare Linda 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThere is a growing evidence base that identifying positive experiences in providing care can have a beneficial influence on carer wellbeing. However, there is a need to better understand what carers identify as the positive aspects of care-giving. The aim of this study is to explore the satisfying aspects of providing care to people with dementia. This study utilised Time 1 data from 1,277 carers of people in the mild-to-moderate stages of dementia taking part in the IDEAL (Improving the experience of Dementia and Enhancing Active Life) cohort study. Responses from 900 carers who answered the open-ended question ‘What is your greatest satisfaction in caring for your relative/friend?’ were analysed using thematic analysis. From the responses, 839 carers detailed satisfactions. Eight themes were identified, pertaining to three groups of beneficiaries: carers, people with dementia and the dyad. Perceived benefits for carers included identifying aspects of personal growth, seeing glimpses of the person, feeling they were making a difference and doing their duty. For the person with dementia, these included retaining independence, receiving good quality care and being happy. Dyadic benefits concerned the continuation of the relationship between carer and person with dementia. The findings highlight the need to take a dyadic approach when conceptualising positive experiences in providing care. Further research is needed to understand the role these positive experiences play and to develop interventions. Professionals working with carers should identify and validate these experiences.
Rainey and the Russians: Arctic archaeology, ‘Eskimology’ and Cold War cultural diplomacy
Authors: Meskell Lynn 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis article recounts an untold chapter in the life of archaeologist Froelich Rainey, specifically his ambition to collaborate with Soviet scholars and deploy his personal networks to foster mutual understanding across the Iron Curtain during the height of the Cold War. The picaresque and implausible life of Rainey, who entered wartime Vienna in the turret of a B-52 bomber and was a State Department consultant with CIA connections, frantic anti-communist and advisor to Henry Kissinger, reveals just what was at stake for research in the frozen north. Here, I uncover Rainey’s work on ice—from his archaeological explorations in Alaska and his vision for a network of Arctic archaeologists to his internationalist aspirations for world peace. Without doubt, Rainey was a fascinating character, but he also occupied a position from which a wide range of values can be excavated—about politics, security, race and global order in mid-century transitions.
Electrospun carbon nanofibre-assisted patterning of metal oxide nanostructures
Authors: Islam Monsur , Dolle Christian , Sadaf Ahsana , Weidler Peter G. , Sharma Bharat , Eggeler Yolita M. , Mager Dario , Korvink Jan G. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis work establishes carbon nanofibre-mediated patterning of metal oxide nanostructures, through the combination of electrospinning and vapor-phase transport growth. Electrospinning of a suitable precursor with subsequent carbonization results in the patterning of catalyst gold nanoparticles embedded within carbon nanofibres. During vapor-phase transport growth, these nanofibres allow preferential growth of one-dimensional metal oxide nanostructures, which grow radially outward from the nanofibril axis, yielding a hairy caterpillar-like morphology. The synthesis of metal oxide caterpillars is demonstrated using zinc oxide, indium oxide, and tin oxide. Source and substrate temperatures play the most crucial role in determining the morphology of the metal oxide caterpillars, whereas the distribution of the nanofibres also has a significant impact on the overall morphology. Introducing the current methodology with near-field electrospinning further facilitates user-defined custom patterning of metal oxide caterpillar-like structures.
Contribution of schizophrenia polygenic burden to longitudinal phenotypic variance in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome
Authors: Alver Maris , Mancini Valentina , Läll Kristi , Schneider Maude , Romano Luciana ,   Estonian Biobank Research Team, Milani Lili , Nelis Mari , Mägi Reedik , Esko Tõnu , Metspalu Andres , Mägi Reedik , Dermitzakis Emmanouil T. , Eliez Stephan , Reymond Alexandre 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWhile the recurrent 22q11.2 deletion is one of the strongest genetic risk factors for schizophrenia (SCZ), variability of its associated neuropsychiatric endophenotypes reflects its incomplete penetrance for psychosis development. To assess whether this phenotypic variability is linked to common variants associated with SCZ, we studied the association between SCZ polygenic risk score (PRS) and longitudinally acquired phenotypic information of the Swiss 22q11.2DS cohort (n = 97, 50% females, mean age 17.7 yr, mean visit interval 3.8 yr). The SCZ PRS with the best predictive performance was ascertained in the Estonian Biobank (n = 201,146) with LDpred. The infinitesimal SCZ PRS model showed the strongest capacity in discriminating SCZ cases from controls with one SD difference in SCZ PRS corresponding to an odds ratio (OR) of 1.73 (95% CI 1.57–1.90, P = 1.47 × 10−29). In 22q11.2 patients, random-effects ordinal regression modelling using longitudinal data showed SCZ PRS to have the strongest effect on social anhedonia (OR = 2.09, P = 0.0002), and occupational functioning (OR = 1.82, P = 0.0003) within the negative symptoms course, and dysphoric mood (OR = 2.00, P = 0.002) and stress intolerance (OR = 1.76, P = 0.0002) within the general symptoms course. Genetic liability for SCZ was additionally associated with full scale cognitive decline (β = –0.25, P = 0.02) and with longitudinal volumetric reduction of the right and left hippocampi (β = –0.28, P = 0.005; β = –0.23, P = 0.02, respectively). Our results indicate that the polygenic contribution to SCZ acts upon the threshold-lowering first hit (i.e., the deletion). It modifies the endophenotypes of 22q11.2DS and augments the derailment of developmental trajectories of negative and general symptoms, cognition, and hippocampal volume.
Comprehensive multiplexed immune profiling of the ductal carcinoma in situ immune microenvironment regarding subsequent ipsilateral invasive breast cancer risk
Authors: Almekinders Mathilde M. , Bismeijer Tycho , Kumar Tapsi , Yang Fei , Thijssen Bram , van der Linden Rianne , van Rooijen Charlotte , Vonk Shiva , Sun Baohua , Parra Cuentas Edwin R. , Wistuba Ignacio I. , Krishnamurthy Savitri , Visser Lindy L. , Seignette Iris M. , Hofland Ingrid , Sanders Joyce , Broeks Annegien , Love Jason K. , Menegaz Brian , Wessels Lodewyk , Thompson Alastair M. , de Visser Karin E. , Hooijberg Erik , Lips Esther , Futreal Andrew , Wesseling Jelle ,   Grand Challenge PRECISION Consortium, Lips Esther , Wesseling Jelle , Wessels Lodewyk , Futreal Andrew , Thompson Alastair M. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is treated to prevent subsequent ipsilateral invasive breast cancer (iIBC). However, many DCIS lesions will never become invasive. To prevent overtreatment, we need to distinguish harmless from potentially hazardous DCIS. We investigated whether the immune microenvironment (IME) in DCIS correlates with transition to iIBC.

Methods
Patients were derived from a Dutch population-based cohort of 10,090 women with pure DCIS with a median follow-up time of 12 years. Density, composition and proximity to the closest DCIS cell of CD20+ B-cells, CD3+CD8+ T-cells, CD3+CD8− T-cells, CD3+FOXP3+ regulatory T-cells, CD68+ cells, and CD8+Ki67+ T-cells was assessed with multiplex immunofluorescence (mIF) with digital whole-slide analysis and compared between primary DCIS lesions of 77 women with subsequent iIBC (cases) and 64 without (controls).

Results
Higher stromal density of analysed immune cell subsets was significantly associated with higher grade, ER negativity, HER-2 positivity, Ki67 ≥ 14%, periductal fibrosis and comedonecrosis (P < 0.05). Density, composition and proximity to the closest DCIS cell of all analysed immune cell subsets did not differ between cases and controls.

Conclusion
IME features analysed by mIF in 141 patients from a well-annotated cohort of pure DCIS with long-term follow-up are no predictors of subsequent iIBC, but do correlate with other factors (grade, ER, HER2 status, Ki-67) known to be associated with invasive recurrences.
Hypocrystalline ceramic aerogels for thermal insulation at extreme conditions
Authors: Guo Jingran , Fu Shubin , Deng Yuanpeng , Xu Xiang , Laima Shujin , Liu Dizhou , Zhang Pengyu , Zhou Jian , Zhao Han , Yu Hongxuan , Dang Shixuan , Zhang Jianing , Zhao Yingde , Li Hui , Duan Xiangfeng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThermal insulation under extreme conditions requires materials that can withstand complex thermomechanical stress and retain excellent thermal insulation properties at temperatures exceeding 1,000 degrees Celsius1–3. Ceramic aerogels are attractive thermal insulating materials; however, at very high temperatures, they often show considerably increased thermal conductivity and limited thermomechanical stability that can lead to catastrophic failure4–6. Here we report a multiscale design of hypocrystalline zircon nanofibrous aerogels with a zig-zag architecture that leads to exceptional thermomechanical stability and ultralow thermal conductivity at high temperatures. The aerogels show a near-zero Poisson’s ratio (3.3 × 10−4) and a near-zero thermal expansion coefficient (1.2 × 10−7 per degree Celsius), which ensures excellent structural flexibility and thermomechanical properties. They show high thermal stability with ultralow strength degradation (less than 1 per cent) after sharp thermal shocks, and a high working temperature (up to 1,300 degrees Celsius). By deliberately entrapping residue carbon species in the constituent hypocrystalline zircon fibres, we substantially reduce the thermal radiation heat transfer and achieve one of the lowest high-temperature thermal conductivities among ceramic aerogels so far—104 milliwatts per metre per kelvin at 1,000 degrees Celsius. The combined thermomechanical and thermal insulating properties offer an attractive material system for robust thermal insulation under extreme conditions.
Structural basis for SHOC2 modulation of RAS signalling
Authors: Liau Nicholas P. D. , Johnson Matthew C. , Izadi Saeed , Gerosa Luca , Hammel Michal , Bruning John M. , Wendorff Timothy J. , Phung Wilson , Hymowitz Sarah G. , Sudhamsu Jawahar 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe RAS–RAF pathway is one of the most commonly dysregulated in human cancers1–3. Despite decades of study, understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying dimerization and activation4of the kinase RAF remains limited. Recent structures of inactive RAF monomer5and active RAF dimer5–8bound to 14-3-39,10have revealed the mechanisms by which 14-3-3 stabilizes both RAF conformations via specific phosphoserine residues. Prior to RAF dimerization, the protein phosphatase 1 catalytic subunit (PP1C) must dephosphorylate the N-terminal phosphoserine (NTpS) of RAF11to relieve inhibition by 14-3-3, although PP1C in isolation lacks intrinsic substrate selectivity. SHOC2 is as an essential scaffolding protein that engages both PP1C and RAS to dephosphorylate RAF NTpS11–13, but the structure of SHOC2 and the architecture of the presumptive SHOC2–PP1C–RAS complex remain unknown. Here we present a cryo-electron microscopy structure of the SHOC2–PP1C–MRAS complex to an overall resolution of 3 Å, revealing a tripartite molecular architecture in which a crescent-shaped SHOC2 acts as a cradle and brings together PP1C and MRAS. Our work demonstrates the GTP dependence of multiple RAS isoforms for complex formation, delineates the RAS-isoform preference for complex assembly, and uncovers how the SHOC2 scaffold and RAS collectively drive specificity of PP1C for RAF NTpS. Our data indicate that disease-relevant mutations affect complex assembly, reveal the simultaneous requirement of two RAS molecules for RAF activation, and establish rational avenues for discovery of new classes of inhibitors to target this pathway.
Structures and mechanism of the plant PIN-FORMED auxin transporter
Authors: Ung Kien Lam , Winkler Mikael , Schulz Lukas , Kolb Martina , Janacek Dorina P. , Dedic Emil , Stokes David L. , Hammes Ulrich Z. , Pedersen Bjørn Panyella 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAuxins are hormones that have central roles and control nearly all aspects of growth and development in plants1–3. The proteins in the PIN-FORMED (PIN) family (also known as the auxin efflux carrier family) are key participants in this process and control auxin export from the cytosol to the extracellular space4–9. Owing to a lack of structural and biochemical data, the molecular mechanism of PIN-mediated auxin transport is not understood. Here we present biophysical analysis together with three structures of Arabidopsis thaliana PIN8: two outward-facing conformations with and without auxin, and one inward-facing conformation bound to the herbicide naphthylphthalamic acid. The structure forms a homodimer, with each monomer divided into a transport and scaffold domain with a clearly defined auxin binding site. Next to the binding site, a proline–proline crossover is a pivot point for structural changes associated with transport, which we show to be independent of proton and ion gradients and probably driven by the negative charge of the auxin. The structures and biochemical data reveal an elevator-type transport mechanism reminiscent of bile acid/sodium symporters, bicarbonate/sodium symporters and sodium/proton antiporters. Our results provide a comprehensive molecular model for auxin recognition and transport by PINs, link and expand on a well-known conceptual framework for transport, and explain a central mechanism of polar auxin transport, a core feature of plant physiology, growth and development.
Comparability of clinical trials and spontaneous reporting data regarding COVID-19 vaccine safety
Authors: Luo Chongliang , Du Jingcheng , Cuker Adam , Lautenbach Ebbing , Asch David A. , Poland Gregory A. , Tao Cui , Chen Yong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSevere adverse events (AEs) after COVID-19 vaccination are not well studied in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) due to rarity and short follow-up. To monitor the safety of COVID-19 vaccines (“Pfizer” vaccine dose 1 and 2, “Moderna” vaccine dose 1 and 2, and “Janssen” vaccine single dose) in the U.S., especially regarding severe AEs, we compare the relative rankings of these vaccines using both RCT and the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) data. The risks of local and systemic AEs were assessed from the three pivotal COVID-19 vaccine trials and also calculated in the VAERS cohort consisting of 559,717 reports between December 14, 2020 and September 17, 2021. AE rankings of the five vaccine groups calculated separately by RCT and VAERS were consistent, especially for systemic AEs. For severe AEs reported in VAERS, the reported risks of thrombosis and GBS after Janssen vaccine were highest. The reported risk of shingles after the first dose of Moderna vaccine was highest, followed by the second dose of the Moderna vaccine. The reported risk of myocarditis was higher after the second dose of Pfizer and Moderna vaccines. The reported risk of anaphylaxis was higher after the first dose of Pfizer vaccine. Limitations of this study are the inherent biases of the spontaneous reporting system data, and only including three pivotal RCTs and no comparison with other active vaccine safety surveillance systems.
Detection by metagenomic functional analysis and improvement by experimental evolution of β-lactams resistance genes present in oil contaminated soils
Authors: Álvarez-Marín M. Teresa , Zarzuela Laura , Camacho Eva M. , Santero Eduardo , Flores Amando 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe spread of antibiotic resistance genes has become a global health concern identified by the World Health Organization as one of the greatest threats to health. Many of antimicrobial resistance determinants found in bacterial pathogens originate from environmental bacteria, so identifying the genes that confer resistance to antibiotics in different habitats is mandatory to better understand resistance mechanisms. Soil is one of the most diverse environments considered reservoir of antimicrobial resistance genes. The aim of this work is to study the presence of genes that provide resistance to antibiotics used in clinical settings in two oil contaminated soils by metagenomic functional analysis. Using fosmid vectors that efficiently transcribe metagenomic DNA, we have selected 12 fosmids coding for two class A β-lactamases, two subclass B1 and two subclass B3 metallo-β-lactamases, one class D β-lactamase and three efflux pumps that confer resistance to cefexime, ceftriaxone, meropenem and/or imipenem. In some of them, detection of the resistance required heterologous expression from the fosmid promoter. Although initially, these environmental genes only provide resistance to low concentrations of antibiotics, we have obtained, by experimental evolution, fosmid derivatives containing β-lactamase ORFs with a single base substitution, which substantially increase their β-lactamase activity and resistance level. None of the mutations affect β-lactamase coding sequences and are all located upstream of them. These results demonstrate the presence of enzymes that confer resistance to relevant β-lactams in these soils and their capacity to rapidly adapt to provide higher resistance levels.
A sustainable acoustic customization of open porous materials using recycled plastics
Authors: Caniato Marco , Cozzarini Luca , Schmid Chiara , Gasparella Andrea 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFoams are commonly used as sound absorbers and thermal insulators for many industrial and construction applications. The insulating materials market is currently dominated by inorganic fibres like glass and mineral wool, as well as plastic foams. However, worldwide plastics consumption produces huge amounts of waste, generating concerns about soil, air and especially seawater pollution. Hence, new methods for recycling marine microplastic litter according to cleaner production criteria are being sought. This paper presents a novel, sustainable and eco-friendly foamy material made of microplastic waste, namely polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polystyrene (PS), incorporated into a bio-based matrix. Samples with different compositions were prepared and then characterized for sound absorption properties. Evidence is presented of very good acoustic performances and of how the acoustic characteristics of the end product can be customized using different microplastic content and type. This allows envisioning many industrial and civil applications for this novel open-cell material.
The ventral midline thalamus coordinates prefrontal–hippocampal neural synchrony during vicarious trial and error
Authors: Stout John J. , Hallock Henry L. , George Allison E. , Adiraju Suhaas S. , Griffin Amy L. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWhen faced with difficult choices, the possible outcomes are considered through a process known as deliberation. In rats, deliberation is thought to be reflected by pause-and-reorienting behaviors, better known as vicarious trial and errors (VTEs). While VTEs are thought to require medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and dorsal hippocampal (dHPC) interactions, no empirical evidence has yet demonstrated such a dual requirement. The nucleus reuniens (Re) of the ventral midline thalamus is anatomically connected with both the mPFC and dHPC, is required for HPC-dependent spatial memory tasks, and is critical for mPFC-dHPC neural synchronization. Currently, it is unclear if, or how, the Re is involved in deliberation. Therefore, by examining the role of the Re on VTE behaviors, we can better understand the anatomical and physiological mechanisms supporting deliberation. Here, we examined the impact of Re suppression on VTE behaviors and mPFC-dHPC theta synchrony during asymptotic performance of a HPC-dependent delayed alternation (DA) task. Pharmacological suppression of the Re increased VTE behaviors that occurred with repetitive choice errors. These errors were best characterized as perseverative behaviors, in which some rats repeatedly selected a goal arm that previously yielded no reward. We then examined the impact of Re suppression on mPFC-dHPC theta synchrony during VTEs. We found that during VTEs, Re inactivation was associated with a reduction in mPFC-dHPC theta coherence and mPFC-to-dHPC theta directionality. Our findings suggest that the Re contributes to deliberation by coordinating mPFC-dHPC neural interactions.
Transnasal sphenopalatine ganglion block for pain relief during panretinal photocoagulation laser for diabetic retinopathy: a pre and post interventional study
Authors: Sanatkar Mehdi , Bazvand Fatemeh 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study was performed to utilize transnasal Sphenopalatine Ganglion (SPG) block for pain reliving during panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) in diabetic patients with diabetic retinopathy. This pre and post interventional study was performed on 20 patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. The first PRP treatment session of all the patients is performed with no transnasal SPG block, but before holding the second session, all the patients underwent transnasal SPG block and pain levels during and after PRP were compared to each other. Before the transnasal SPG block, each nostril of all the cases was inspected for finding any obstruction in each PRP session. Transnasal SPG block was also performed in with 2% lidocaine. The mean age of the included cases was 52.84 ± 8.62 years old (from 36 to 72 years old). All the cases underwent two PRP lasers treatment sessions with the same characteristic (spot size, power and duration) for each patient. In the first and second PRP treatment sessions, the mean NRS scores were obtained immediately after the PRP laser (8.4 vs. 4.2), 15 min (8.2 vs. 4.2), 1 h (8.0 vs. 4.1), and 24 h (5.4 vs. 3.6) after the PRP respectively. The mean NRS scores significantly reduced during the second PRP treatment session compared to the first session (p < 0.001). Transnasal SPG block is a safe and effective strategy used for relieving pain caused by the PRP laser treatment in patients with diabetic retinopathy.
Dry pick-and-flip assembly of van der Waals heterostructures for microfocus angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy
Authors: Masubuchi Satoru , Sakano Masato , Tanaka Yuma , Wakafuji Yusai , Yamamoto Takato , Okazaki Shota , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Li Jincai , Ejima Hirotaka , Sasagawa Takao , Ishizaka Kyoko , Machida Tomoki 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe present a dry pick-and-flip assembly technique for angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) of van der Waals heterostructures. By combining Elvacite2552C acrylic resin and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ionic liquid, we prepared polymers with glass transition temperatures (Tg) ranging from 37 to 100 ℃. The adhesion of the polymer to the 2D crystals was enhanced at $${T}_{\text{g}}$$

T
g

. By utilizing the difference in $${T}_{\text{g}}$$

T
g

, a 2D heterostructure can be transferred from a high-$${T}_{\text{g}}$$

T
g

polymer to a lower-$${T}_{\text{g}}$$

T
g

polymer, which enables flipping its surface upside down. This process is suitable for assembling heterostructures for ARPES, where the top capping layer should be monolayer graphene. The laser-based micro-focused ARPES measurements of 5-layer WTe2, 3-layer MoTe2, 2-layer WTe2/few-layer Cr2Ge2Te6, and twisted double bilayer WTe2 demonstrate that this process can be utilized as a versatile sample fabrication method for investigating the energy spectra of 2D heterostructures.