bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconsidering the Limits of Normal Hearing
Authors: Martin Frederick N. , Champlin Craig A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA proposal is made that 15 dB HL, rather than 25 dB HL, be considered the upper limit of normal hearing sensitivity. This recommendation is based on an explanation of the change from an earlier philosophy and the fact that so many people with hearing levels that average less than 25 dB HL consider themselves to have hearing difficulty. Such reclassification of people with slight to mild hearing losses would dignify their clinical complaints and aid in counseling that would assist them with their hearing difficulties.
Self-Reported Hearing Handicap and Audiometric Measures in Older Adults
Authors: Wiley Terry L. , Cruickshanks Karen J. , Nondahl David M. , Tweed Ted S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAs part of an epidemiologic study of hearing disorders in older adults, audiometric thresholds (250–20,000 Hz), word recognition performance (Northwestern University Auditory Test No. 6 word lists in quiet and in competing message), and Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly-Screening (HHIE-S) scores were evaluated for 3178 adults ranging in age from 48 to 92 years. Overall, higher HHIE-S scores were more prevalent for older age groups and for greater degrees of hearing loss. After adjusting for the degree of hearing loss, the probability of reporting a hearing disability (handicap) decreased with age.
Abbreviations: ANSI = American National Standards Institute, HHIE = Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly, HHIE-S = Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly-Screening, NU-6 = Northwestern University Auditory Test No. 6, PTA = pure-tone average
Individualism and the fight against COVID-19
Authors: Huang Li , Li Oliver Zhen , Wang Baiqiang , Zhang Zilong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWhat is the role of societal culture in the individualism-collectivism paradigm in pandemic containment? In the prolonged fight against COVID-19, government-initiated non-pharmaceutical interventions critically hinges on citizens’ adherence to these restrictive policies. Using an international setting, this research shows that countries scoring high on individualism generally have a more severe COVID-19 situation throughout the trajectory of the pandemic. This link between individualism and the severity of the virus situation is plausibly due to social non-cooperativeness in individualistic countries which reduces the effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions aimed at mitigating the virus situation. Exploiting cultural disparity in the individualism-collectivism paradigm between former East and West German districts, this research further demonstrates that, after controlling for local characteristics that can affect the pandemic outcome, former East German districts have a less severe COVID-19 situation than former West German districts. Evidence collectively suggests that a greater reluctance among people in more individualistic cultures to heed virus-fighting policies impose a negative public health externality in a pandemic.
Selenium application methods and rates for biofortification of common bean and their residual effects on Mombaça grass
Authors: Araújo Suellen Nunes de , Raymundo Jéssica Francisco , Costa Fábio Freire Ribeiro , Lessa Josimar Henrique de Lima , Guilherme Luiz Roberto Guimarães , Lopes Guilherme 
Published: April 2022

Context Agronomic biofortification is recognised as being an important strategy to increase selenium (Se) contents in food crops. The effectiveness of agronomic biofortification may differ depending on the methods of how Se is applied in agricultural systems. Aims This study aimed to evaluate different Se application methods (involving Se addition in the soil via Se-enriched fertilisers and foliar Se application) and rates for biofortification of common bean and to assess residual effects of soil Se additions for biofortification of Mombaça grass grown after the common bean. Methods Both experiments were carried out in a greenhouse. In the first cultivation (common bean), Se (as sodium selenate) was added at 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 mg/dm3 using six different methods, as follows: Se-enriched monoammonium phosphate, Se-enriched urea, Se-foliar application, Se-enriched monoammonium phosphate + Se-enriched urea, Se-enriched monoammonium phosphate + Se-foliar application, and Se-enriched urea + Se-foliar application. To evaluate the residual effects of soil Se additions, Mombaça grass plants were grown after the common bean (second cultivation) without additional Se supply. Key results Agronomic biofortification effectiveness varied among methods, with higher Se contents in common bean grains being found when Se-enriched urea, Se-foliar application, and the combination of both methods were applied. Conclusions Selenium addition methods via soil using fertilisers as carriers to add Se, including Se-enriched monoammonium phosphate, showed a potential of residual effects on succeeding crops since these methods were efficient for increasing Se contents in Mombaça grass shoots.
A-site deficient La0.52Sr0.28Ti0.94Ni0.06O3 by low-pulsed electric current treatment: achieved exsolution of B-site Ni nanoparticles and significant improvement of electrocatalytic properties
Authors: Yu Wenwen , Qi Jingang , Hu Xin , Qiao Sifan , Shang Jian , Liu Liang , Wang Bing , Tang Lidan , Zhang Wei , Cheng Yu 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Perovskite materials with exsolved nanoparticles have a wide range of applications in energy conversion systems owing to their unique basal plane active sites and excellent catalytic properties. The introduction of A-site deficiency can help the formation of highly mobile oxygen vacancies and remarkably enhance the reducibility of Ni nanoparticles, thus significantly increasing electronic conductivity and catalytic activity simultaneously. Herein, we adopt pulsed electric current (PEC) treatment, a novel approach instead of the long-time high-temperature reduction technique, and for the first time review that the exsolution of minuscule Ni nanoparticles (8–20 nm) could be facilitated on Ni-doped La0.52Sr0.28Ti0.94Ni0.06O3 (LSTN) anodes with A-site deficiency. Encouragingly, finding that low PEC can successfully lead to nanoparticle exsolution and show a significantly improved oxygen evolution reaction performance of LSTN-PEC (LSTN after PEC treatment) possessing A-site deficiency, the onset potential of LSTN-PEC (500 V) (LSTN after PEC treatment with 500 V–4 Hz–90 s) was advanced by 0.173 V, the R
ct value was reduced by 82.38 Ω·cm2, and the overpotential was also reduced by 73 mV.
The critical role of electron induced secondary electrons in high-voltage and low-pressure capacitively coupled oxygen plasmas
Authors: Horváth B , Donkó Z , Schulze J , Derzsi A 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo collisions simulations are performed to study the effects of electron induced secondary electrons (SEs) in single-frequency (13.56 MHz) capacitively coupled oxygen discharges operated in the low-pressure regime (

<
1

Pa). A comparison of the plasma parameters is presented based on different surface models in the simulations. Both for electrons and ions, simple and realistic approaches are used to model their interactions with the electrode material. The simple approaches use constant coefficients (electron reflection, SE emission), irrespectively of the discharge conditions and the surface properties, while the realistic surface coefficients are functions of the energy of the particles hitting the electrode and depend on the surface properties. When electron induced secondary electron emission (SEE) is accounted for, a complex electron emission and ionization dynamics of ion induced γ- and electron induced δ-electrons is found. When both the electron and ion induced SEE is described by energy dependent surface coefficients, an exponential increase of the plasma density and the O2(a1Δg) metastable concentration is observed by increasing the driving voltage amplitude, as well as a strong decrease of the electronegativity of the discharge and a transition of the discharge operation mode from the drift-ambipolar mode to the α-mode are found to take place.
Numerical characterization of capacitively coupled plasmas modulated by ion beam injection
Authors: Zhou Youyou , Wang Yu , Wu Hao , Zhang Ya , Jiang Wei , Lapenta Giovanni 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This work proposes to use the Ar+ ion beam (IB) injection to modulate the properties of the single-frequency capacitively coupled plasma (CCP). The particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo collisions method is used to simulate the plasma characteristics after the IB (2 keV, 0.5 A) is injected into the discharge area from the grounded electrode. The results show that the IB can effectively increase the plasma density, reduce the electron energy, increase the self-bias voltage, and thus increase ion flux and broaden the ion energy distribution function on the electrode. Furthermore, transition from α-mode to γ-mode occurs by increasing the secondary electron emission coefficient γ and discharge pressure. In general, the IB injection can be used as a complementary tool to control the plasma properties of CCP.
Effectiveness of rastall gravity in modified chaplygin gas inspired viscous-flation
Authors: Saleem Rabia , Wahab Abdul , Shahid Iqra 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This paper is a contribution to study the effectiveness of Rastall gravity (RG) by another mechanism of warm viscous inflation inspired by modified Chaplygin gas (MCG). The matter contents of our cosmos are taken to be standard scalar field (ϕ) and radiation within flat FRW geometry. We establish the current model using intermediate form of scale factor and calculate the analytic solution of inflaton, effective potential V(ϕ) necessary to inflate the Universe and entropy density S under slow-roll limit. The further work in this paper is restricted to high dissipative regime, taking constant and variable dissipative (Γ) and viscous coefficients (ξ). The evaluated exact solutions are the main source in developing the inflationary observable like scalar/tensor power spectra, scalar/tensor spectral indices, tensor to scalar ratio and running of scalar spectral index for our model. The model parameters as well as additional theory parameter λ are constrained to check the compatibility of RG with Planck 2018 data via


−

n

s

and α

s
− n

s
trajectories. We conclude that RG along with modification of CG model can lead to significant changes in the early universe.
Abnormal phase–amplitude coupling characterizes the interictal state in epilepsy
Authors: Fujita Yuya , Yanagisawa Takufumi , Fukuma Ryohei , Ura Natsuko , Oshino Satoru , Kishima Haruhiko 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objective. Diagnosing epilepsy still requires visual interpretation of electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) by specialists, which prevents quantification and standardization of diagnosis. Previous studies proposed automated diagnosis by combining various features from EEG and MEG, such as relative power (Power) and functional connectivity (FC). However, the usefulness of interictal phase–amplitude coupling (PAC) in diagnosing epilepsy is still unknown. We hypothesized that resting-state PAC would be different for patients with epilepsy in the interictal state and for healthy participants such that it would improve discrimination between the groups. Approach. We obtained resting-state MEG and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 90 patients with epilepsy during their preoperative evaluation and in 90 healthy participants. We used the cortical currents estimated from MEG and MRI to calculate Power in the δ (1–3 Hz), θ (4–7 Hz), α (8–13 Hz), β (13–30 Hz), low γ (35–55 Hz), and high γ (65–90 Hz) bands and FC in the θ band. PAC was evaluated using the synchronization index (SI) for eight frequency band pairs: the phases of δ, θ, α, and β and the amplitudes of low and high γ. First, we compared the mean SI values for the patients with epilepsy and the healthy participants. Then, using features such as PAC, Power, FC, and features extracted by deep learning (DL) individually or combined, we tested whether PAC improves discrimination accuracy for the two groups. Main results. The mean SI values were significantly different for the patients with epilepsy and the healthy participants. The SI value difference was highest for θ/low γ in the temporal lobe. Discrimination accuracy was the highest, at 90%, using the combination of PAC and DL. Significance. Abnormal PAC characterized the patients with epilepsy in the interictal state compared with the healthy participants, potentially improving the discrimination of epilepsy.
The Study of A System of Non-Homogeneous Equations Using Matrix Exponential Method and Analysis With Scilab Software 6.1.1
Authors: Singh Ravindra , Shukla Ashok Kumar , Gaur Shiv Shankar , Yadav Rakesh , Gautam Krishan Kant Singh , Rana Omwati , Biswas Polly 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The study for a system of non-homogeneous equations (coupled differential equations) with initial conditions using Matrix Exponential Method has been done through Scilab software as well as manually. We observe that both the procedures for the equations have been satisfied with the initial conditions. Eigen values and corresponding eigen vectors have been determined to get the complete solutions; and the solutions for x and y also have been found manually. The graphs are plotted with Scilab software 6.1.1. A linear relation between x & y is observed by the new outcomes when they plotted. The study of variation of x, y with t shows the curves increase linearly for limited values of t also the study between t, x+y & t, x-y shows that the curves of both are the mirror image about x-axis. There are much more applications of matrix exponential method in science, engineering and computational fields.
Computational Treatment for The Solution of A Set of Coupled Differential Equations for Any Physical System Using Scilab and Generating Scilab Codes
Authors: Singh Ravindra , Shukla Ashok Kumar , Yadav Rakesh , Gautam Krishan Kant Singh , Biswas Polly , Rana Omwati , Gaur Shiv Shankar , Verma Priyanka 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A set of coupled differential equations with initial conditions and its computational treatment as well as Scilab codes have been done. For constant E the variation of x & y with t shows the higher amplitude for y that’s a dependent variable; when E is cos(ωt) then oscillatory motion has been observed at different frequencies, ω= π/6, π/3, π/2 and π. The direction of the E in downward and upward motion has been observed at different frequencies and many times E touches the horizontal axis for downward motion. In the study of this paper it has been found that the oscillations are much higher in case of y as compared to x. All Scilab codes have been developed successfully.
An intuitionistic fuzzy inventory model with waste disposal using the triangular intuitionistic fuzzy numbers
Authors: Singh Surendra , Kumar Tanuj 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In the present study, we formulate an inventory model with waste disposal cost under the intuitionistic fuzzy environment. To optimize the best inventory policy under the intuitionistic fuzzy environment, the alpha-cut approach is used for the defuzzification of all intuitionistic fuzzy decision variables. This study aims to reduce the total inventory cost and adjust the waste outcomes during the production processes to keep a clean and green climate, which will be cost-effective for any organization, both environmentally and economically. A numerical example is presented regarding the proposed intuitionistic fuzzy model to validate the methodology.
On the comparison of optimization algorithms for the random-field Potts model
Authors: Kumar Manoj , Weigel Martin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
For many systems with quenched disorder the study of ground states can crucially contribute to a thorough understanding of the physics at play, be it for the critical behavior if that is governed by a zero-temperature fixed point or for uncovering properties of the ordered phase. While ground states can in principle be computed using general-purpose optimization algorithms such as simulated annealing or genetic algorithms, it is often much more efficient to use exact or approximate techniques specifically tailored to the problem at hand. For certain systems with discrete degrees of freedom such as the random-field Ising model, there are polynomial-time methods to compute exact ground states. But even as the number of states increases beyond two as in the random-field Potts model, the problem becomes NP hard and one cannot hope to find exact ground states for relevant system sizes. Here, we compare a number of approximate techniques for this problem and evaluate their performance.
The fast beam condition monitor as standalone luminometer of the CMS experiment at the HL-LHC
Authors: Sedghi M. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
For the Phase-2 CMS upgrade for the High-Luminosity LHC, a luminosity uncertainty of 1% is targeted. To achieve this goal, measurements from multiple luminometers with orthogonal systematics are required. A standalone luminometer, the Fast Beam Condition Monitor (FBCM) is being designed for the online bunch-by-bunch luminosity measurement. The sampling time resolution of ∼0.7 ns also enables the measurement of beam-induced backgrounds. In this paper, the hardware architecture and the readout protocol of the FBCM are described. The expected performance with a simple behavioral model of the front-end comprising a constant fraction discriminator is discussed, although the final implementation in the ASIC is still under discussion. Simulation results show that the FBCM will provide the required statistical uncertainty and deviation from linearity by employing 336 silicon-pad sensors, each with an area of about 3 mm2. In addition, the front-end with sensitivity to as low as 6000 electrons will satisfy the longevity constraints for an exposure of 1 MeV neutron equivalent fluence of 3.5 × 1015 per cm2.
Why does snowmelt-driven streamflow response to warming vary? A data-driven review and predictive framework
Authors: Gordon Beatrice L , Brooks Paul D , Krogh Sebastian A , Boisrame Gabrielle F S , Carroll Rosemary W H , McNamara James P , Harpold Adrian A 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Climate change is altering the seasonal accumulation and ablation of snow across mid-latitude mountainous regions in the Northern Hemisphere with profound implications for the water resources available to downstream communities and environments. Despite decades of empirical and model-based research on snowmelt-driven streamflow, our ability to predict whether streamflow will increase or decrease in a changing climate remains limited by two factors. First, predictions are fundamentally hampered by high spatial and temporal variability in the processes that control net snow accumulation and ablation across mountainous environments. Second, we lack a consistent and testable framework to coordinate research to determine which dominant mechanisms influencing seasonal snow dynamics are most and least important for streamflow generation in different basins. Our data-driven review marks a step towards the development of such a framework. We first conduct a systematic literature review that synthesizes knowledge about seasonal snowmelt-driven streamflow and how it is altered by climate change, highlighting unsettled questions about how annual streamflow volume is shaped by changing snow dynamics. Drawing from literature, we then propose a framework comprised of three testable, inter-related mechanisms—snow season mass and energy exchanges, the intensity of snow season liquid water inputs, and the synchrony of energy and water availability. Using data for 537 catchments in the United States, we demonstrate the utility of each mechanism and suggest that streamflow prediction will be more challenging in regions with multiple interacting mechanisms. This framework is intended to inform the research community and improve management predictions as it is tested and refined.
Temperature dependent magnetic studies of Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.2Fe11.8O19 prepared by solid state reaction method
Authors: Argish V , Shalini M G , Sahoo Subasa C 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.2Fe11.8O19 was synthesized using solid state reaction method. Lattice parameters ‘a’ and ‘c’ were found to be 5.886 Å and 23.110 Å respectively. Scanning electron microscopy studies showed platelet type structures in the sample and the elemental mapping showed the uniform distribution of cations throughout the sample. The spontaneous magnetization (Ms) of 62 emu/g with coercivity (Hc) of 1.22 kOe was observed at 300K. The Ms value increased whereas the Hc decreased with the decreasing measurement temperature. The highest Ms value of 88 emu/g was observed at 60K. Curie temperature of 819 K was observed for the sample. The anisotropy constant (K1) and anisotropy field (Ha) were found to be increased with the decrease in measurement temperature. The observed magnetic behaviour can be explained on the basis of distribution of cations in the lattice sites and shape anisotropy of the prepared sample.
Study of the influence of wire metals on dissimilar welds
Authors: Benlamnouar M.F. , Bensaid N. , Badji R. , Saadi T. , IDDIR M. , Zidani M. , SOUALILI M.A. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the effect wire metal on microstructure and mechanical properties of dissimilar welds between HSLA-X70 high strength steel alloy and 304L austenitic stainless steel produced by automatic tungsten arc welding (TIG). The weld joints were prepared using E304L, E316L, E2209L, and E7010 wire metal. The mechanical characteristics obtained from hardness, tensile and impact testing, were correlated to the optical and SEM microscopy, to establish a relationship between wire metal composition and the microstructures in different weld regions. It is concluded that E2209 wire metal lead to improve in the resilience characteristics and tenacity with a slight reduction in the ultimate tensile strength and hardness.
Al3+ and Cr3+ co-substituted NiZnCo nano ferrites: synthesis and structural properties
Authors: Vishnu Priya G. , Murali N. , Madhuri Sailaja J. , Ragavendra Vemuri , Parajuli D. , Lakshmi Narayana P.V. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The Al3+ and Cr3+ substituted in Ni0.4Zn0.35Co0.25Fe2-x-yAlxCryO4 (x = y = 0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15 and 0.2) ferrite nanoparticles were prepared with sol-gel method. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field Effect Scanning Microscopy (FESEM), and Fourier Transform Inferred Spectroscopy (FT-IR) were used for their characterization. They have a single-phase spinel structure. The lattice constant decreases with increasing concentrations. Agglomerated small particles with stoichiometric proportions were obtained from FESEM. The region around 600 cm-1 and 400 cm-1 has two absorption bands related to two interstitial sites by FTIR agree with the spinel lattice.
Giant dielectric behavior in NdCrO3 perovskite nanoparticles
Authors: Shanker Jada , Ananthaiah J , Pavan Kumar N , Venkataramana Kasarapu , Anand pandarinath M , Ujwal U P , Raju P. , Meher Abhinav E , Suresh babu D 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
NdCrO3 perovskite compound synthesized via sol-gel process. Impedance spectroscopic data have been studied in the wide frequency range (0.1Hz-10MHz), at various temperatures (RT-500°C). Structural analysis have done by X-ray diffractometer, it indicates single-phase orthorhombic structure. Particle size is found to be 32nm. Microstructure seems to be uniform distribution of grains throughout the surface. This material showed the giant dielectric behaviour (ε1
> 104). Impedance studies of NdCrO3 noticed that it is negative temperature coefficient of resistance type semiconductor. The dc conductivity and relaxation plots were followed by Arrhenius law. Frequency reliant ac conductivity plots followed Jonscher’s power law. These results suggesting that NdCrO3 is suitable for gaint capacitors applications.