bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of trace element and fatty acid levels in tissues of mirror and scaly carp (Cyprinus carpio L., 1758) living in Keban Dam Reservoir (Elazig)
Authors: Aydın Sevinç , Akkoyun H. Turan , Bayramoglu Akkoyun Mahire , Bengu Aydın Ş. , Ekin Suat , Harlioğlu Ayşe G. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study investigated the concentrations of some accumulated trace metals (iron, manganese, zinc and copper) and fatty acids in liver and muscle tissues of mirror and scaly carp varieties (Cyprinus carpio L., 1758) living in Keban Dam Reservoir (Elazig), which is the second‐largest artificial lake in Turkey that hosts commercially valuable and preferred fish varieties for human consumption. The inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) method was used to analyse the concentrations of trace elements. Fatty acid levels were measured in a gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC–MS) device, using a flame ionization detector (FID). Considering the two fish varieties and tissues that were studied, the mean metal concentrations (μg g−1) were found in the following ranges: Fe 12.32–49.97, Mn 0.12–0.62, Zn 10.45–86.59 and Cu 2.74–11.86. Although the lowest levels were detected in the muscle tissue for all the metals examined, the levels in the liver tissue were significantly higher. According to the results of the analyses on fatty acid concentrations, the mean total saturated fatty acid levels in the muscle tissue of the scaly carp and mirror carp varieties were found to be 31.07 and 31.43 (%), respectively, whereas these values for the liver tissue were consecutively 22.36 and 22.08 (%). Successively, the mean total levels of unsaturated fatty acids were determined as 68.93 and 68.40 (%) in the muscle tissue and 77.64 and 77.92 in the liver tissue. This study, with the finding that the trace (metallic) element accumulation rates were below the upper limits of the tolerable range, and the examined fish varieties were rich in fatty acids, shows that mirror carp and scaly carp living in Keban Dam Reservoir are highly nutritious for human diets.
Dietary pattern changes, obesity and excess body fat in adults of a Brazilian birth cohort
Authors: Muniz Stephanie C. R. S. , Barbieri Marco A. , Sanches Gabrielle F. , Arruda Soraia P. M. , da Silva Antônio A. M. , Sartorelli Daniela S. , Bettiol Heloísa 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundFew studies have assessed dietary patterns (DPs) and the changes in these patterns over time in adults. The present study aimed to investigate whether possible changes in DPs in two assessments are associated with obesity and excess body fat.MethodsA prospective study was conducted in which data were collected from 1082 adults of a Brazilian birth cohort during two periods 15 years apart (T1: 2002–2004; T2: 2016–2017). Food consumption was assessed in both periods using validated food frequency questionnaires. Three similar DPs were found in the two assessments, and adherence to these patterns was classified as prudent, risk or mixed. Nine DPs changes were defined. At T2, subjects with a body mass index ≥ 30.0 kg m–² were classified as obese, and men and women with a body fat (BF) percentage ≥ 25.0 and ≥ 35.0, respectively, were classified as having excess BF. A directed acyclic graph was built to adjust the association for confounding variables.ResultsAt T2, 34.4% of the subjects were obese and 61.4% had excess BF. In the adjusted analysis, the changes associated with obesity and excess BF were prudent–mixed (prevalence ratio [PR] 1.55; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.04–2.29 and PR = 1.35; 95% CI = 1.10–1.65), risk–risk (PR = 1.49; 95% CI = 1.03–2.13 and PR = 1.27; 95% CI = 1.04–1.53), risk–mixed (PR = 1.56; 95% CI = 1.05–2.31 and PR = 1.33; 95% CI = 1.07–1.63) and mixed–risk (PR = 1.61; 95% CI = 1.10–2.35 and PR = 1.29; 95% CI = 1.04–1.58).ConclusionsA decline in food quality over time or stagnation in an unhealthy DP can lead to obesity and excess BF.
The effectiveness of structural family therapy in repairing behavioral problems and improving family functioning in single‐parent families in Iran
Authors: Dehghani Mostafa , Bernards Julia 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFamily is foundational to Iranian culture and society and traditional families have been upheld by religious and political institutions since ancient times. However, the incidence of single‐parent families in Iran is increasing and literature on treating dysfunction in these families in therapy is lacking. This study examines the effectiveness of structural family therapy (SFT) in addressing problems in family functioning and children's behavior in single‐parent Iranian families using a single‐case, multiple baseline, ABA design. Participants included five single mothers and their children who received SFT for 8 weeks following a baseline phase. Participants were assessed during the baseline, therapy, and follow‐up phases using the Child Behavior Checklist and the Family Assessment Device. The data were analyzed visually and quantitatively. Results indicated that the treatment was effective in decreasing behavior problems and improving family functioning and that treatment effects were statistically significant and stable through the follow‐up period. Research and clinical implications and limitations are discussed.
A novel artificial neural network for the diagnosis of orofacial pain and temporomandibular disorders
Authors: Kreiner Marcelo , Viloria Jesús 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundTemporomandibular disorders (TMD) and orofacial pain are highly prevalent. This prevalence can be compared to that of leading non‐communicable diseases (NCDs). However, it is surprising to still find a high degree of controversy regarding its diagnosis and management. Patients usually experience treatment delays, missed diagnoses, and receive unnecessary therapies. New artificial intelligence algorithms have helped diagnose numerous diseases. Nevertheless, no studies have focused on the use of artificial intelligence to diagnose these conditions.ObjectivesThis study aimed to develop and test the performance of a novel neural network (multilayer perceptron) with diagnostic capabilities in orofacial pain and TMD, including some types of referred pain.MethodsA multilayer perceptron (MLP) was developed with one input layer, five hidden layers, and one output layer. It was trained using backpropagation algorithms. Several categories of orofacial pain and TMD clinical cases were presented to 12 general dental clinicians, and their diagnoses were contrasted to those provided by the artificial intelligence neural network.ResultsOverall, the diagnostic accuracy of the artificial intelligence was superior to that of the general dental clinicians (p = .0072). This was more evident in the clinical cases involving non‐dental and referred orofacial pains (e.g. neuropathic pain, referred cardiac pain, neurovascular pain).ConclusionsThis study showed, for the first time, that an artificial neural network can help medical and general dental clinicians diagnose several types of orofacial pain and dysfunction, including TMD, neuropathic, neurovascular, and referred cardiac pain. In some cases, the MLP appears to have a life‐saving role.
Pathotype diversity of Zymoseptoria tritici (Desm. Quaedvlieg & Crous) isolates collected from Central Anatolia, Turkey
Authors: Turgay Emine Burcu , Büyük Orhan , Yıldırım Ali Faik , Ölmez Fatih , Akci Nilüfer , Karakaya Aziz 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSeptoria Leaf Blotch caused by Zymoseptoria tritici is a major disease of wheat affecting many wheat‐growing regions in the world. This study is the first to describe characteristics of the pathotype structure of Z. tritici isolates in Central Anatolia, Turkey, and to determine effective resistance genes for use in breeding strategies of Septoria Leaf Blotch Disease. Sixty isolates of Z. tritici were obtained from four intensive wheat production provinces during 2015 and 2017. The pathotypes were determined using a differential set that included 12 wheat genotypes. Twenty‐eight pathotypes were identified, and Pathotype 1 prevailed in all areas investigated. The K‐5 isolate from Konya province had the highest virulence on the differential genotypes and was characterized as Pathotype 28. Thirty‐nine of the isolates were virulent on the resistance gene Stb‐10, and all isolates were avirulent for the resistance gene Stb‐6. It appears that resistance genes Stb‐6 and Stb‐12 could be used in breeding new varieties against Septoria Leaf Blotch Disease.
Interactions between paralogous bacterial enhancer‐binding proteins enable metal‐dependent regulation of alternative nitrogenases in Azotobacter vinelandii
Authors: Appia‐Ayme Corinne , Little Richard , Chandra Govind , de Oliveira Martins Carlo , Bueno Batista Marcelo , Dixon Ray 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAll diazotrophic bacteria and archaea isolated so far utilise a nitrogenase enzyme‐containing molybdenum in the active site co‐factor to fix atmospheric dinitrogen to ammonia. However, in addition to the Mo‐dependent nitrogenase, some nitrogen‐fixing prokaryotes also express genetically distinct alternative nitrogenase isoenzymes, namely the V‐dependent and Fe‐only nitrogenases, respectively. Nitrogenase isoenzymes are expressed hierarchically according to metal availability and catalytic efficiency. In proteobacteria, this hierarchy is maintained via stringent transcriptional regulation of gene clusters by dedicated bacterial enhancer‐binding proteins (bEBPs). The model diazotroph Azotobacter vinelandii contains two paralogs of the vanadium nitrogenase activator VnfA (henceforth, VnfA1), designated VnfA2 and VnfA3, with unknown functions. Here we demonstrate that the VnfA1 and VnfA3 bEBPs bind to the same target promoters in the Azotobacter vinelandii genome and co‐activate a subset of genes in the absence of V, including the structural genes for the Fe‐only nitrogenase. Co‐activation is inhibited by the presence of V and is dependent on an accessory protein VnfZ that is co‐expressed with VnfA3. Our studies uncover a plethora of interactions between bEBPs required for nitrogen fixation, revealing the unprecedented potential for fine‐tuning the expression of alternative nitrogenases in response to metal availability.
Empathy, caring and compassion: Toward a Freudian critique of nursing work
Authors: Traynor Michael 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to summarize key psychoanalytic concepts first developed by Sigmund Freud and apply them to a critical exploration of three terms that are central to nursing's self‐image—empathy, caring, and compassion. Looking to Menzies‐Lyth's work, I suggest that the nurse's strong identification as a carer can be understood as a fantasy of being the one who is cared for; critiques by Freud and others of empathy point to the possibility of it being, in reality, a form of projective identification; reading Lacan and Žižek, I propose that repeated research into caring and repeated complaint about barriers to caring can be understood as manifestations of the death drive first posited by Freud. I conclude that psychoanalytic insights suggest that caring roles can raise profoundly ambivalent issues for those who care but they can also point the way to freedom from painful and self‐destructive symptoms inherent in such work.
A Bayesian Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Markets During the Finnish 1860s Famine
Authors: Pasanen Tiia-Maria , Voutilainen Miikka , Helske Jouni , Högmander Harri 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe develop a Bayesian spatio-temporal model to study pre-industrial grain market integration during the Finnish famine of the 1860s. Our model takes into account several problematic features often present when analysing multiple spatially interdependent time series. For example, compared with the error correction methodology commonly applied in econometrics, our approach allows simultaneous modelling of multiple interdependent time series avoiding cumbersome statistical testing needed to predetermine the market leader as a point of reference. Furthermore, introducing a flexible spatio-temporal structure enables analysing detailed regional and temporal dynamics of the market mechanisms. Applying the proposed method, we detected spatially asymmetric ‘price ripples’ that spread out from the shock origin. We corroborated the existing literature on the speedier adjustment to emerging price differentials during the famine, but we observed this principally in urban markets. This hastened return to long-run equilibrium means faster and longer travel of price shocks, implying prolonged out-of-equilibrium dynamics, proliferated influence of market shocks, and, importantly, a wider spread of famine conditions.
Preschoolers’ responses to prosocial opportunities during naturalistic interactions with peers: A cross‐cultural comparison
Authors: Tavassoli Nasim , Dunfield Kristen , Kleis Astrid , Recchia Holly , Conto Laura Pareja 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe goal of this study was to better understand similarities and differences in preschool children's expression of needs and prosocial responsiveness to peers’ needs across two culturally distinct contexts. Preschoolers were observed in a semi‐naturalistic design across rural Mexico and urban Canada, wherein they were instructed to build a tower with blocks. Three‐ to 6‐year‐olds (N = 306; 48% female) were divided into 64 peer groups. We coded for children's expression of needs (instrumental, material, or emotional), responses to prosocial opportunities (prosociality, denial, or no response), prosociality without an apparent need (spontaneous prosociality), and types of prosocial behavior (helping, sharing, or comforting). While instrumental and material needs were expressed similarly across both samples, Tzotzil Maya children expressed fewer emotional needs than Canadian children. Failing to respond to others’ needs, followed by denial, were the most frequent need‐provoked response in both countries; surprisingly, only 9% of needs received a prosocial response. Though need‐provoked prosociality was rare in both cultural contexts, children engaged in considerable spontaneous prosociality which varied as a function of age, gender, and cultural context. Lastly, Canadian more than Tzotzil Maya children denied emotional and instrumental needs (but not material needs). The findings inform how cultural practices may shape the presentation of needs and prosocial responsiveness in peer interactions.
Analysis of correlation and construction of a predictive model of skin transparency using parameters from digital images of the face
Authors: Marin Quentin , Honda Tatsuya , Nakajima Hiroaki , Okano Yuri , Cherel Marie , Prestat‐Marquis Elodie 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundSkin transparency is a cosmetic asset highly considered by Asian women. Resulting from complex light interactions within the skin, but still not fully understood, there is no simple method to measure it objectively. In this study, skin parameters from digital images were analysed to build a model predicting transparency.Materials and methodsInitially, 71 Japanese women (between ages 50 and 60 years) were recruited. This group was then extended to 262 women (between ages 21 and 60 years). Pictures of their faces were taken with the Colorface® under diffuse light and different polarisation angles. Experts graded their transparency using pictures. Pictures were also used to compute 958 skin colour and surface parameters from different regions of the face.ResultsIn the initial group of 71 subjects, 109 parameters correlated with transparency. Half of them are from the cheek and relate to colour or colour homogeneity. If the cheek presented the largest proportion of correlated parameters, best correlations were usually found in other facial regions. Multiple regressions from some cheek parameters can predict up to 80% of transparency. Stepwise regression on parameters from 262 subjects led to a six‐parameter model, which is highly correlated (R = 84.1%) with transparency. It combines skin texture, colour, colour homogeneity and gloss parameters. If half of them are from the cheek, the others are from the tear trough, the full face and the cheekbone.ConclusionUsing parameters from digital pictures exclusively, we propose a model that accurately reflects transparency. Including parameters previously shown to relate to transparency, this model should be useful for future dermatology and cosmetic research.
Behaviour based screening questions and potential donation loss using the “for the assessment of individualised risk” screening criteria: A Canadian perspective
Authors: Caffrey Niamh , Goldman Mindy , Lewin Antoine , Osmond Lori , O'Brien Sheila F. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundTo reduce the risk of HIV transmission through transfusion, gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (gbMSM) are deferred from donating blood in many countries for varying lengths of time after having sex with another man. In 2021, screening algorithms to identify high‐risk sexual behaviours using gender‐neutral criteria (i.e., without any question on MSM or time deferral for MSM) were implemented in the United Kingdom based on recommendations in a report from the FAIR (For the Assessment of Individualised Risk) steering group.ObjectivesThis study examines the potential donation loss expected with these criteria if implemented in Canada.MethodsResponses from blood donors regarding engagement in behaviours such as chemsex and anal sex with a new or multiple partners within 3 months of donation were collected using an on‐site paper questionnaire.ResultsApplying the FAIR criteria resulted in donation loss of 1.0% (95% CI: 0.8% – 1.1%). Donation loss would be higher amongst younger donors aged 17–25 (2.0%, 95% CI: 1.6% – 2.3%). Overall, 20% of donors reported feeling uncomfortable answering study questions but only 2.0% said it would stop them from donating.ConclusionDonation loss could be compensated by newly eligible gbMSM and with increased recruitment and encouraging donation from infrequent donors.
Critical geographies of smart development
Authors: Faxon Hilary Oliva , Kintzi Kendra 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe development of smart infrastructures is a political act that intersects, in powerful ways, with ongoing decolonial struggles across the uneven landscapes of the postcolonial world. This paper develops a grounded, relational approach to the critical geographies of smart development that starts from place‐based relations of power to investigate how specific postcolonial dynamics inflect the global articulation of smart development. Drawing on the work of Gillian Hart, our approach situates the development of smart infrastructures within longer, contested histories of geopolitical intervention and capitalist transformation and foregrounds ongoing land, labour and livelihood struggles that transect the urban–rural divide. Using critical ethnography and relational comparison in South East Asia and the Middle East, we show how Myanmar's smart farms and Jordan's smart grid were built and selectively adapted or refused in ways that furthered existing inequalities and ontologies of disconnection, while providing material conduits for the enhancement of ethno‐nationalist projects to define the postcolonial state. This approach reframes the stakes of smart development, providing pathways for generative comparison that centres ongoing equity struggles and historically situated constellations of power to understand how smart development materialises in the postcolonial world.
The association between symmetric dimethylarginine concentrations and various neoplasms in dogs and cats
Authors: Coyne Michael J. , Drake Corie , McCrann Donald J. , Kincaid David 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFollowing the introduction of the symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) immunoassay, cases were reported where the SDMA concentration was markedly increased above the reference interval (RI) with neither concurrent increases in serum creatinine (Cr) concentrations nor clinical signs of kidney disease. Many of these animals were also concurrently diagnosed with cancer, most commonly lymphoma. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the association of increased SDMA in dogs and cats with lymphoma and other cancers as compared with age‐ and breed‐matched non‐tumour controls. In this retrospective case–control study, serum chemistry results from 1804 tumour cases, and age‐ and breed‐matched non‐tumour control animals were used. Matched‐pair odds ratios between animals diagnosed with neoplasms and non‐tumour controls for dichotomized SDMA values were determined by tumour type. SDMA concentrations were significantly higher in dogs and cats with lymphoma (p < .0001) compared with non‐tumour controls. The odds ratio for increased SDMA concentrations in dogs with lymphoma was 10.0 (95% CI, 5.98–16.72) and for cats with lymphoma was 3.04 (95% CI 1.95–4.73). A significant number of canine and feline lymphoma cases had an increased SDMA concentration not associated with an increased Cr concentration (p < .001). Canine and feline lymphoma patients have an increased odds of having a SDMA concentration above the RI at diagnosis. Further characterization and evaluation of dogs and cats with lymphoma is required to help understand the mechanism(s) and the clinical significance of these alterations.
DEVELOPMENT OF LANE CHANGE MODELS THROUGH MICROSCOPIC SIMULATION UNDER MIXED TRAFFIC
Authors: Seelam Srikanth , Mehar Arpan 
Published: June 2022

The number of motor vehicles and traffic demand is growing in tandem with society's rapid economic development and the quickening process of urbanization. In India, traffic congestion has become the most serious issue. Vehicle's poor lane-changing behaviors have a significant impact on the speed of the traffic system. The lane change behavior was observed in the study with the traffic flow simulation model VISSIM. The purpose of this investigation is to estimate the number of lane changes by simulating them at different volume levels. The study also shows the capacity estimate and its relationship with the lane change. The maximum traffic flow and lane changes were calculated based on the proportions of each vehicle type in the standard car traffic flow. The maximum number of lane change models for known traffic compositions on 4-lane, 6-lane, and 8-lane divided highways has been developed. According to the results, the number of observed lane changes depends on the volume of traffic and the number of lanes provided for a particular direction of travel. The composition and vehicle types also have a significant influence on lane changes and highway capacity, which involves uncertainties in the analysis of traffic flow properties.