bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of the Lorentz force on electron track structure and early DNA damage yields in magnetic resonance-guided radiotherapy
Authors: Yachi Yoshie , Kai Takeshi , Matsuya Yusuke , Hirata Yuho , Yoshii Yuji , Date Hiroyuki 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMagnetic resonance-guided radiotherapy (MRgRT) has been developed and installed in recent decades for external radiotherapy in several clinical facilities. Lorentz forces modulate dose distribution by charged particles in MRgRT; however, the impact of Lorentz forces on low-energy electron track structure and early DNA damage induction remain unclear. In this study, we estimated features of electron track structure and biological effects in a static magnetic field (SMF) using a general-purpose Monte Carlo code, particle and heavy ion transport code system (PHITS) that enables us to simulate low-energy electrons down to 1 meV by track-structure mode. The macroscopic dose distributions by electrons above approximately 300 keV initial energy in liquid water are changed by both perpendicular and parallel SMFs against the incident direction, indicating that the Lorentz force plays an important role in calculating dose within tumours. Meanwhile, DNA damage estimation based on the spatial patterns of atomic interactions indicates that the initial yield of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) is independent of the SMF intensity. The DSB induction is predominantly attributed to the secondary electrons below a few tens of eV, of which energy deposition patterns are not considerably affected by the Lorentz force. Our simulation study suggests that treatment planning for MRgRT can be made with consideration of only changed dose distribution.
Experimental results and mathematical formulation of non-spinning stone-skipping process
Authors: Tsai Hsuan-Wei , Tsai Hsieh-Chen , Wu Wen-Fang , Lai Chun-Liang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFollowing a previously published paper in studying stone-skipping processes, detailed experimental figures are revealed in this paper. A mathematical model is also provided to explain the observed phenomena and measured data. The model separates the skipping process into several stages. It emphasizes, in particular, a hitting stage and a sliding stage, and also includes capillary-gravity wave resistance in its formulation. During these two stages, scale analysis is applied first to evaluate the relative importance among various forces acting on the stone. After reasonable simplification, a numerical algorithm is established to depict motion of the stone starting from its first hit of water to final sink. The total number of skips under specified initial throwing conditions can be predicted accordingly. The agreement between the analytical and experimental results indicates the applicability of the proposed model.
Synthetic torpor protects rats from exposure to accelerated heavy ions
Authors: Puspitasari Anggraeini , Squarcio Fabio , Quartieri Martina , Totis Cristina , Hitrec Timna , Takahashi Akihisa , Yoshida Yukari , Hanamura Kenji , Yako Tomoko , Cerri Matteo , Simoniello Palma , Durante Marco , Tinganelli Walter 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHibernation or torpor is considered a possible tool to protect astronauts from the deleterious effects of space radiation that contains high-energy heavy ions. We induced synthetic torpor in rats by injecting adenosine 5′-monophosphate monohydrate (5′-AMP) i.p. and maintaining in low ambient temperature room (+ 16 °C) for 6 h immediately after total body irradiation (TBI) with accelerated carbon ions (C-ions). The 5′-AMP treatment in combination with low ambient temperature reduced skin temperature and increased survival following 8 Gy C-ion irradiation compared to saline-injected animals. Analysis of the histology of the brain, liver and lungs showed that 5′-AMP treatment following 2 Gy TBI reduced activated microglia, Iba1 positive cells in the brain, apoptotic cells in the liver, and damage to the lungs, suggesting that synthetic torpor spares tissues from energetic ion radiation. The application of 5′-AMP in combination with either hypoxia or low temperature environment for six hours following irradiation of rat retinal pigment epithelial cells delays DNA repair and suppresses the radiation-induced mitotic catastrophe compared to control cells. We conclude that synthetic torpor protects animals from cosmic ray-simulated radiation and the mechanism involves both hypothermia and hypoxia.
An investigated organic and inorganic reinforcement as an effective economical filler of poly (methyl methacrylate) nanocomposites
Authors: Elkhouly Heba I. , Ali Eman M. , El-Sheikh M. N. , Hassan A. El-Sayed M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPolymer matrix composites have garnered the interest of the dentistry sector. Nano-fillers are frequently used as reinforcements in these composites to enhance their characteristics. Poly (methyl methacrylate) was filled with date seed nanoparticles (DSNP) and titanium oxide nanoparticles (TiO2NP). In this work, two nanofillers (DSNP and TiO2NP) were analyzed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). In addition, the features of the PMMA-nanofiller composite were experimentally evaluated via compression, micro-hardness, wear rate (WR), and coefficients of friction (µ) testing. Utilizing a scanning electron microscope (SEM), the microstructure of the PMMA-DSNP composite was examined. The results of the experiments on the nanocomposites demonstrated that the elastic modulus, microhardness, wear resistance, and friction resistance increased with an increase in DSNP content to 1.2 wt, in comparison to TiO2NP at the same concentration. Finally, according to the guidelines, the ideal weight was determined to be 1.2 wt%, filler in the form of DSNP, at a normal load of 10 N.
Numerical simulation of the influence of building-tree arrangements on wind velocity and PM2.5 dispersion in urban communities
Authors: Li Fan , Rubinato Matteo , Zhou Tao , Li Jiaye , Chen Chen 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAirflow behavior and outdoor PM2.5 dispersion depend significantly on the building-tree layouts and orientation towards the prevailing wind conditions. To investigate this issue, the present work evaluates the aerodynamic effect of different building-tree layouts on the outdoor PM2.5 dispersions in the urban communities of Shijiazhuang City, China. The adopted numerical CFD technique was based on the standard k–ε model and the Disperse Phase Model (DPM). For this study, ten different building-tree arrangements were conceptualized and all these configurations were simulated by using Ansys Fluent software to quantify the implications on the outdoor PM2.5 dispersion due to their presence. The results have shown that: (1) a wide building interval space could benefit the air ventilation and thus decrease PM2.5 concentrations, however, this effectiveness is highly influenced by the presence of the trees; (2) the trees on the leeward side of a building tend to increase the local wind velocity and decrease the pedestrian-level PM2.5 concentrations, while those on the windward side tend to decrease the wind velocity. The small distance with trees in the central space of the community forms a wind shelter, hindering the particle dispersion; and (3) the configuration of parallel type buildings with clustered tree layouts in the narrow central space is most unfavorable to the air ventilation, leading to larger areas affected by excessive PM2.5 concentration.
Omnidirectional acoustic cloaking against airborne sound realized by a locally resonant sonic material
Authors: Matsushima Kei , Noguchi Yuki , Yamada Takayuki 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe report that a locally resonant sonic material realizes omnidirectional acoustic invisibility in air. To achieve acoustic cloaking in the low-frequency regime, we axisymmetrically placed elastic rods comprised of silicone rubber and lead around a cloaked object. The radii of the rods are designed to minimize their total scattering cross section for a given frequency. The optimization is performed using an algorithm incorporating multiple scattering theory and gradient-based nonlinear programming. We numerically confirmed that the designed cloaking device suppressed the scattering cross section by almost 92% for all incident directions at the target frequency.
Measurement of AC loss down to 25 K in a REBCO racetrack coil for electrical aircraft motor
Authors: Kováč J. , Kopera Ľ. , Pardo E. , Melišek T. , Ries R. , Berberich E. , Wolfstädler S. , Reis T. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe development of full superconducting motors for electric distributed aircraft propulsion requires to test the stator coils at the operation temperature, usually between 20 and 40 K. Here, we study the AC loss of a test racetrack coil made of REBCO tape. We developed a measurement system within a non-metallic cryostat where a cryocooler cools the test coil in combination with liquid or solid nitrogen. We present transport AC loss measurements by electrical means down to 25 K for current amplitudes up to 140 A and frequency 18–576 Hz. The AC loss increased with second power with current, and did not depend on frequency or temperature. Later, we measured the AC parallel magnetization loss in a stack of tapes made of the same material as the coil, and in a stack of tapes without superconducting layer. The results in both samples is almost identical and presents the same behavior as the coil. We conclude that the main contribution to the AC loss in the tape stack and in the coil was from the magnetism of the Hastelloy substrate or buffer layers. Therefore, researchers need to take this into account in tape production and in superconducting motor design.
Depression, reduced education, and bias perceptions as risk factors of beliefs in misinformation
Authors: Delmastro Marco , Paciello Marinella 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe spread of misinformation and conspiracy theories related to COVID‐19 has represented one of the several undesirable effects of the current pandemic. In understanding why people can be more or less at risk to believe in misinformation, emotional distress and education could play a crucial role. The present study aims to analyze the relationship among depressive symptoms, education, and beliefs in misinformation about COVID-19 during the early phase of the pandemic. We do this through a cross-sectional study carried out on a random and representative sample of the Italian population that allows us to go and verify the co-evolution of many factors: i.e., beliefs in misinformation, symptoms of depression, perceptions about COVID-19, ways in which citizens got informed about the pandemic, and sociodemographic characteristics (e.g., age, gender, education). The results show that the relationship between depression and beliefs in misinformation exists and is more complex than hypothesized because it is mediated by individual perceptions. In particular, the most at-risk people to believe in misinformation show higher bias perceptions, higher depression, and lower education. Practical implications are discussed suggesting a supportive intervention at both individual and social levels.
Globalized simulation-driven miniaturization of microwave circuits by means of dimensionality-reduced constrained surrogates
Authors: Koziel Slawomir , Pietrenko-Dabrowska Anna , Mahrokh Marzieh 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSmall size has become a crucial prerequisite in the design of modern microwave components. Miniaturized devices are essential for a number of application areas, including wireless communications, 5G/6G technology, wearable devices, or the internet of things. Notwithstanding, size reduction generally degrades the electrical performance of microwave systems. Therefore, trade-off solutions have to be sought that represent acceptable compromises between the ability to meet the design targets and physical compactness. From an optimization perspective, this poses a constrained task, which is computationally expensive because a reliable evaluation of microwave components has to rely on full-wave electromagnetic analysis. Furthermore, due to its constrained nature, size reduction is a multimodal problem, i.e., the results are highly dependent on the initial design. Thus, utilization of global search algorithms is advisable in principle, yet, often undoable in practice because of the associated computational expenses, especially when using nature-inspired procedures. This paper introduces a novel technique for globalized miniaturization of microwave components. Our technique starts by identifying the feasible region boundary, and by constructing a dimensionality-reduced surrogate model therein. Global optimization of the metamodel is followed by EM-driven local tuning. Application of the domain-confined surrogate ensures low cost of the entire procedure, further reduced by the incorporation of variable-fidelity EM simulations. Our framework is validated using two microstrip couplers, and compared to nature-inspired optimization, as well as gradient-based size reduction. The results indicate superior miniaturization rates and low running cost, which make the presented algorithm a potential candidate for efficient simulation-based design of compact structures.
Soil meso- and micro-fauna community in response to bamboo-fungus agroforestry management
Authors: Zhao Jiancheng , Liu Miao , Xu Jun , Yang Zhenya , Li Qin , Cai Chunju 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBamboo-fungus agroforestry management is an ecological model of sustainable production of moso bamboo forest, and Stropharia rugosoannulata has been widely planted in moso bamboo forest. However, little attention has been paid to soil fauna community in bamboo-fungus agroforestry system. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the response of soil fauna communities to agroforestry management, and to explore the relationships between soil fauna communities and soil properties. An experiment with 0, 1, 2 and 3 years of planting was carried out in an existing moso bamboo forest. The community composition of soil meso- and micro-fauna was investigated, and the soil properties were determined. Results showed that a total of 2968 individuals of soil meso- and micro-fauna, belonging to 8 classes and 13 groups were detected. The group number and density of soil fauna was highest right and then decreased. Planting Stropharia rugosoannulata in moso bamboo forest increased the density of dominant groups, but did not change its composition. Shannon-Weiner diversity index (H), Margalef richness index (D) and Density-Group diversity index (DG) were the highest one year after planting the fungus, while Simpson dominance index (C) was the lowest in the meantime. Contents of soil moisture (SMC), organic matter (SOM), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and total potassium (TK) increased first and then decreased with the increase of planting years, peaking at 1 year after planting, while the pH value continued to increase. Responses of soil fauna community were associated with soil physicochemical properties. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that SOM was the main environmental factor driving the variation of soil fauna community, followed by TP and TN. In conclusion, planting Stropharia rugosoannulata in moso bamboo increased the diversity and abundance of soil fauna communities due to its contribution to abundance of organic matter and supply of nutrients.
A randomized prospective cross over study on the effects of medium cut-off membranes on T cellular and serologic immune phenotypes in hemodialysis
Authors: Lorenz Georg , Shen Yuli , Hausinger Renate Ilona , Scheid Caroline , Eckermann Marie , Hornung Sophia , Cardoso Joana , Lech Maciej , Ribeiro Andrea , Haller Bernhard , Holzmann-Littig Christopher , Steubl Dominik , Braunisch Matthias C. , Günthner Roman , Poschenrieder Andreas , Freitag Britt , Weber Mario , Luppa Peter , Heemann Uwe , Schmaderer Christoph 
Published: September 2022

AbstractExtended cut-off filtration by medium cut-off membranes (MCO) has been shown to be safe in maintenance hemodialysis (HD). The notion of using them for the control of chronic low-grade inflammation and positively influencing cellular immune aberrations seems tempting. We conducted an open label, multicenter, randomized, 90 day 2-phase cross over clinical trial (MCO- vs. high flux-HD). 46 patients underwent randomization of which 34 completed the study. Dialysate- or pre- and post-dialysis serum inflammatory mediators were assayed for each study visit. Ex vivo T cell activation was assessed from cryopreserved leucocytes by flow cytometry. Linear mixed models were used to compare treatment modalities, with difference in pre-dialysis serum MCP-1 levels after 3 months as the predefined primary endpoint. Filtration/dialysate concentrations of most mediators, including MCP-1 (mean ± SD: 10.5 ± 5.9 vs. 5.1 ± 3.8 pg/ml,P < 0.001) were significantly increased during MCO- versus high flux-HD. However, except for the largest mediator studied, i.e., YKL-40, this did not confer any advantages for single session elimination kinetics (post-HD mean ± SD: 360 ± 334 vs. 564 ± 422 pg/ml,P < 0.001). No sustained reduction of any of the studied mediators was found neither. Still, the long-term reduction of CD69+ (P = 0.01) and PD1+ (P = 0.02) activated CD4+ T cells was striking. Thus, MCO-HD does not induce reduction of a broad range of inflammatory mediators studied here. Long-term reduction over a 3-month period was not possible. Increased single session filtration, as evidenced by increased dialysate concentrations of inflammatory mediators during MCO-HD, might eventually be compensated for by compartment redistribution or increased production during dialysis session. Nevertheless, lasting effects on the T-cell phenotype were seen, which deserves further investigation.
Association between masseter muscle sarcopenia and postoperative pneumonia in patients with esophageal cancer
Authors: Kamada Teppei , Ohdaira Hironori , Ito Eisaku , Takahashi Junji , Nakashima Keigo , Nakaseko Yuichi , Suzuki Norihiko , Yoshida Masashi , Eto Ken , Suzuki Yutaka 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSarcopenia affects the swallowing and chewing muscles, such as the masseter muscle. However, the significance of masseter muscle loss in pneumonia remains unclear. We investigated the effects of masseter muscle sarcopenia (MMS) on postoperative pneumonia in patients with esophageal cancer. In this retrospective cohort study, we analyzed the data of 86 patients who underwent esophagectomy for stage I–III esophageal cancer at our hospital between March 2013 and October 2021. The primary endpoint was postoperative pneumonia within 3 months of surgery. MMS was defined as a (1) masseter muscle index (MMI) that was less than the sex-specific MMI cutoff values, and (2) sarcopenia diagnosed using the L3-psoas muscle index (L3-PMI). Postoperative pneumonia was noted in 27 (31.3%) patients. In multivariate analysis, FEV1.0 < 1.5 L (odds ratio, OR: 10.3; 95% confidence interval, CI 1.56–67.4; p = 0.015), RLNP (OR: 5.14; 95%CI 1.47–17.9; p = 0.010), and MMS (OR: 4.83; 95%CI 1.48–15.8; p = 0.009) were independent risk factors for postoperative pneumonia. The overall survival was significantly worse in patients with pneumonia (log-rank: p = 0.01) than in those without pneumonia. Preoperative MMS may serve as a predictor of postoperative pneumonia in patients with esophageal cancer.
Protagonist der Sozialepidemiologie: Laudatio zu Ehren von PD Dr. PH
Thomas Lampert – Träger der Salomon-Neumann-Medaille
2022
Authors: Dragano Nico 
Published: September 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Deutsche Gesellschaft für Sozialmedizin und Prävention
(DGSMP) ehrt mit der Salomon-Neumann-Medaille Personen und Institutionen, die
besonderes für die Präventiv- und Sozialmedizin geleistet haben.
Im Jahr 2022 wurde die Medaille an Privatodozenten Dr. Thomas Lampert, Robert
Koch-Institut verliehen, der sich seit vielen Jahren mit Nachdruck für
eine soziallagenbezogene Gesundheitsberichterstattung in Deutschland eingesetzt
hat. Sein umfangreiches Werk ergibt in der Zusammenschau eine genaue
Kartographie der sozialen Determinanten der Gesundheit in Deutschland nach der
Jahrtausendwende.
Homoeopathic Simillimum in Treatment of Verruca Plana (Flat Wart): A Case Report
Authors: Maity Tanmoy 
Published: September 2022

AbstractVerruca plana are also known as flat warts present as small slightly raised papule often a few millimetres wide in diameter with smooth surface, reddish-brown or flesh-coloured, appearing on the dorsum of hands, shins and face. They are caused by human papillomavirus type 3 and less often type 10, 27 and 41. Conventional treatment methods include applying salicylic acid, liquid nitrogen and podophyllin, 5% fluorouracil ointment, carbon dioxide cryotherapy, interferon injections and loop electrosurgical excision procedure. A 26-year-old female teacher presented with small numerous flat brown-coloured papules over the whole face for 1 year. She was successfully treated by individualised homoeopathic single medicine Calcarea phosphorica (200C) selected on a holistic approach. This case report suggests that homoeopathic intervention may be useful in the treatment of Verucca plana.
High L21-atomic ordering and spin-polarization in Co2MnZ (Z = Ge, Sn) Heusler thin films with low-temperature annealing process
Authors: Kushwaha Varun Kumar , Sakuraba Yuya , Nakatani Tomoya , Sasaki Taisuke , Kurniawan Ivan , Miura Yoshio , Tajiri Hiroo , Hono Kazuhiro 
Published: September 2022

Although an enhanced magnetoresistance (MR) has been observed in many Co2-based Heusler alloys by promoting their structural ordering from B2 to L21 by post-annealing at higher temperatures (Tann &gt; 500 °C), it is desirable to search for other Heusler alloys that crystallize in L21-order below 300 °C, as the maximum Tann is restricted for processing devices. For Co2MnZ (Z = Ge, Sn) Heusler alloys, an L21-order is expected to appear even in the as-deposited state or by a low-temperature annealing process due to their very high L21 to B2-order transition temperature (&gt;1500 K). Here, epitaxial Co2MnZ films were grown on MgO (001) substrate at room temperature (RT) and post-annealed at Tann = 200–500 °C. Interestingly, as-sputtered films exhibit L21-ordering, which improves systematically upon increasing Tann. The spin-polarization of electric current (β) was estimated at RT using nonlocal spin-valve (NLSV) devices by measuring the spin-accumulation signal in a copper (Cu) channel. It was found that at Tann = 300 °C, the β value of Co2MnGe films is higher (∼0.65) than that of Co2FeGe0.5Ga0.5 films due to a higher degree of L21-order, which makes the Co2MnGe alloy a promising ferromagnetic electrode for spintronic device applications.