bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An evaluation of the relationship between periocular anthropometric measurements and mandibular incisor crowding
Authors: Kızıltan Eliaçık Başak 
Published: January 2022

Aim: To determine whether a relationship exists between the periocular anthropometric meas-urements (POAM), intercanine width, and Little’s irregularity index (measures the crowding of mandibular incisors) in the Turkish population.
Methodology: Ninety-four children (49 with mandibular crowding and 45 controls) aged between 12-18 years were included in this study. Inter-outer canthal distance (IOCD), in-ter-inner canthal distance (IICD), interpupillary distance (IPD), inter-canine width (ICW), and Littles’irregularity index (LII) of subjects were measured from two standardized digital pho-tographs using a public domain Java processing program (ImageJ software). Spearman correla-tion coefficient and multiple linear regression tests were used to investigate the relationship between POAM, and ICW, and LII.
Results: In the mandibular crowding group, the means of IICD, OICD, IPD, and ICW were 30.6 ± 1.7 mm, 82.4 ± 2.0 mm, 59.2 ± 1.6 mm, 23.3 ± 1.1 mm, respectively. In controls, the mean of the measurements was found to be 32.1 ± 1.5 mm, 84.4 ± 2.4 mm, 60.1 ± 1.9 mm, 24.6 ± 1.4 mm, respectively. There were statistically significant differences between groups among all variables (p <0.001). There was a negative correlation between POAM and ICW with LDI. Especially, high correlation was found in ICW and IICD variables (r = -. 732, p <.001 and r = -705, p <.001, respectively). As a result of multivariate regression analysis, IICD and ICW were found to be affected the crowding negatively and significantly (p = .003 and p = .026, respectively).
Conclusion: According to the results obtained from our study, it was concluded that IICD which remains stable after the age of 10 years and ICW can be used to predict irregularities in mandibular incisors in children in the Turkish population.

How to cite this article: Kızıltan Eliaçık BB. An evaluation of the relationship between periocular anthropometric measurements and mandibular incisor crowding. Int Dent Res 2021;11(Suppl.1):216-221. https://doi.org/10.5577/intdentres.2021.vol11.suppl1.31

Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.
Survival and clinical evaluation of various space maintainers used for early primary tooth loss
Authors: Özüdoğru Semanur , Tosun Gül 
Published: January 2022

Aim: This retrospective study investigated the survival rate and clinical performance of space maintainers fitted in 50 patients aged from 6-11years in the Department of Pediatric Dentistry at Selcuk University between 2016 and 2019.
Methodology: Sixty-one subjects were included in the study. The clinical examination included performing the gingival index (GI) and the plaque index. The values of the indexes were determined and compared, and the failures of retainers were recorded and analyzed in terms of survival.
Results: Follow-up loss occurred in 18% of 61 space maintainers. A total of 10% of the evaluated 50 space maintainers had failed due to breakage. By using the Kaplan–Meier method, the estimated mean survival time for space maintainers was 13 months. Lingual arches had the lowest mean survival time of 12 months. Band and loops and removable partial dentures had a similar probability of survival. A significant decrease was observed in the time-dependent evaluation of the means of plaque and gingival indexes; however, no significant difference was found between space maintainer types.
Conclusion: The successful use of space maintainers for the premature loss of primary tooth space is achieved by regular follow-ups with the patient’s parents, patient cooperation, and proper space maintainers and choice of material.

How to cite this article: Özüdoğru S, Tosun G. Survival and clinical evaluation of various space maintainers used for early primary tooth loss. Int Dent Res 2021;11(Suppl.1):222-7.
https://doi.org/10.5577/intdentres.2021.vol11.suppl1.32

Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.
Evaluation of the dental anxiety levels of patients applying to the faculty of dentistry during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Savaş Abdulhaluk , Büyükerkmen Emine Begüm , Tunçdemir Ali Rıza 
Published: January 2022

Aim: The purpose of this study is to determine the levels of dental anxiety in patients who applied to the Necmettin Erbakan University Faculty of Dentistry during the COVID-19 outbreak and to evaluate the relationships of their anxiety levels to age, gender, education level, and the frequency of visits to dentists.
Methodology: There were 320 participants, including 163 females (50.9%) and 157 males (49.1%), aged from 18 to 65 years or older, who had applied to the Necmettin Erbakan University Faculty of Dentistry. The Corah Dental Anxiety Scale (CDAS) was used to determine the levels of dental anxiety (non-anxiety, little anxiety, anxiety, over anxiety, and excessive anxiety) and the anxiety groups (low or high). Descriptive statistics were presented in percentages. Data were analyzed using t-tests and one-way ANOVA and chi-square tests, at a significance level of p = 0.05.
Results: Among the participants, 38.1% were at the non-anxiety level, 44.1% had very little anxiety, 10.9% had anxiety, 5% had over anxiety, and 1.9% had excessive anxiety. With regard to the anxiety groups, 82.5% were in the low anxiety group, and 17.5% were in the high anxiety group. Age, education level, and frequency of visiting the dentist were not found to have any effects on dental anxiety (p > 0.05). However, the effect of gender with regard to dental anxiety was significant (p < 0.05), as females had higher dental anxiety levels than males.
Conclusion: While the effect of gender was found to be important in terms of dental anxiety, age, educational status, and the frequency of visiting the dentist did not have significant effects on dental anxiety. Females had higher dental anxiety scores and levels than males.

How to cite this article: Tunçdemir AR, Büyükerkmen EB, Savaş A. Evaluation of the dental anxiety levels of patients applying to the faculty of dentistry during the Covıd-19 pandemic. Int Dent Res 2021;11(Suppl.1):238-244.
https://doi.org/10.5577/intdentres.2021.vol11.suppl1.35

Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.
Information on YouTube: Orthodontics and COVID-19
Authors: Olkun Hatice Kübra 
Published: January 2022

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess YouTube videos about COVID-19 in relation to orthodontics.
Methodology: A YouTube search using the keyword “coronavirus orthodontics” was conducted on January 11, 2021. The top 50 videos were evaluated. The exclusion criteria were as follows: videos in other languages, duplicates, irrelevant videos, and duration longer than 15 minutes. The remaining 22 videos were scored by one examiner. Each of these videos was classified into one of three categories: useful, misleading, or news update. The modified DISCERN reliability index, number of views, number of comments, duration (in minutes), number of likes and dislikes, interaction index, viewing rate, and source of each video were also recorded.
Results: Useful videos accounted for 77% of those examined, misleading videos accounted for 14%, and news updates accounted for 9%. Most of the videos were uploaded by orthodontists (95%) and most of these were classified as useful (81%). Useful videos had a significantly higher DISCERN score than misleading videos (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Most of the orthodontics-related YouTube videos about COVID-19 were useful, and the most popular video was uploaded by an orthodontist.

How to cite this article: Olkun HK. Information on YouTube: Orthodontics and COVID-19. Int Dent Res 2021;11(Suppl.1):245-9.
https://doi.org/10.5577/intdentres.2021.vol11.suppl1.36

Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.
Evaluation of dentists' stress and anxiety levels in the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Uçan Yarkaç Fatma , Tekin Atay Ümmühan , Dinçer Nisa Nur , Öncü Elif 
Published: January 2022

Aim: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can cause stress, anxiety, and fear, especially in healthcare workers as it has a high risk of transmission. The aim of this study was to investigate the levels of stress and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic among dentists working in our country.
Methodology: The study included 164 dentists. Sociodemographic data and the stress and anxiety levels of the individuals who participated in the study were recorded. The COVID-19 Stress Scale and the Perceived Stress Scale-10 were used for evaluation of the stress levels, and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 was used to evaluate the anxiety levels. All data were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05.
Results: Among those who participated in the study, 112 were women and 52 were men, and 50% of them were 20 to 30 years of age. Based on the information these dentists provided, 63% did not have any expertise and 66% had worked in the normalization process. Their scores in the COVID-19 Stress Scale, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale 7, and Perceived Stress Scale-10 were 64.4 ± 25.2, 5.46 ± 4.8, and 18.8 ± 5.9, respectively, and there was a positive correlation between all scales. When evaluating the stress levels according to gender, it was observed that those of the female dentists were higher than those of the male dentists (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the anxiety levels between the male and female dentists. While there were no significant differences between the dentists who worked during the pandemic process and those who did not work (p > 0.05), the COVID-19 stress levels were found to be lower in the normalization process (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused stress and anxiety in dentists and has affected female dentists more than male dentists. In addition, working during the pandemic process can benefit dentists by helping to reduce the stress caused by the pandemic.

How to cite this article: Öncü E, Dinçer NN, Uçan Yarkaç F, Tekin Atay Ü. Evaluation of dentists' stress and anxiety levels in the COVID-19 pandemic. Int Dent Res 2021;11(Suppl.1):259-65. https://doi.org/10.5577/intdentres.2021.vol11.suppl1.38

Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.
Investigation of nanohardness values of dual-cure, bulk-fill composite resins at different time intervals
Authors: Özdemir Eda , Bolgül Behiye 
Published: January 2022

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the surface hardness of dual-cure, bulk-fill composite resins at different depths and time intervals using nanoindentation.
Methodology: In the study, a comparison was conducted of the nanohardness values of Fill-Up, HyperFIL, and Cention N dual-cure, bulk-fill composite resins in the experimental group and Reveal HD, a light-cured, bulk-fill composite, in the control group. The dual-cure, bulk-fill composites used in the experimental group were divided into two subgroups. The first group was polymerized with an LED light source, and the second group was chemically polymerized in line with the manufacturer's instructions. The dual-cure composite resins were prepared in two different depths, 5 mm and 10 mm. In the control group, specimens with a depth of 5 mm were prepared, and their polymerization was provided by an LED light source. The nanohardness values of the lower and upper surfaces of the samples were measured using the Hysitron TI 950 Triboindenter 24 hrs and 7 days after polymerization.
Results: Following statistical evaluations, no statistically significant difference was found between the nanohardness values measured 24 hrs and 7 days after light or chemical polymerization of the dual-cured, bulk-fill composite resins. It was observed that light polymerization of HyperFIL and Fill-Up dual-cure, bulk-fill composite resins had no effect on nanohardness values. When Cention N dual-cure, bulk-fill composite resin was polymerized with a light source, higher values of nanohardness were obtained.
Conclusion: It was determined that the investigated dual-cure, bulk-fill composites reached their final hardness after 24 hrs. In all groups, it was observed that the highest nanohardness values belonged to Cention N for both polymerization methods.

How to cite this article: Bolgül B, Özdemir E. Investigation of nanohardness values of dual cure bulk-fill composite resins at different time intervals. Int Dent Res 2021;11(Suppl.1):19-25. https://doi.org/10.5577/intdentres.2021.vol11.suppl1.4

Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.
Temporary adhesive bridge restoration of the upper anterior teeth lost due to trauma: Three case reports
Authors: Şahin Meryem , Totancı İsmet Rezani 
Published: January 2022

Aim: Traumatic dental injuries at the anterior region of the maxilla occur frequently in children and adults. In this case report, we aimed to describe the temporary aesthetic restoration of the upper lateral incisor with a fiber-reinforced bridge by using the original tooth crown, which had avulsed after dental trauma.
Methodology: Case 1: A 14-year-old girl with an avulsion in tooth #11 due to trauma visited our clinic. During the examination, it was seen that the wound had healed, and there was no luxation in teeth #21 and #12. Since the patient could not undergo prosthetic procedures, for reasons including implants, and did not want a removable prosthesis, a single crown supported by acrylic tooth fibers was constructed.
Case 2: A 17-year-old male patient was referred to our clinic because of an avulsed left lateral incisor tooth, which was traumatized 15 days before visiting the clinic. His medical history revealed that his parents had found the tooth two hours after the trauma. However, the emergency clinic that he had previously visited did reimplant that tooth and repaired it with fiber-reinforced composite.
Case 3: In the examination of a 12-year-old male patient who applied to our clinic due to trauma, it was observed that tooth #11 had an avulsion and tooth #12 had a crown fracture. Root canal treatment was performed. A crown was made for the patient by supporting the fiber inside the canals of tooth #11 and tooth #21. It was revised aesthetically with the support of the crown of the other tooth.
Conclusion: Avulsion after anterior trauma affects patients’ appearance aesthetically; thus, patients want to be treated as soon as possible. Function, phonation, and aesthetics must be quickly provided for a loose anterior tooth. Fiber-reinforced adhesive bridge techniques may be considered as a temporary treatment for providing an aesthetically appealing appearance until the completion of permanent prosthetic treatment.

How to cite this article: Şahin M, Toptancı İR. Temporary adhesive bridge restoration of the upper anterior teeth lost due to trauma: Three case reports. Int Dent Res 2021;11(Suppl.1):285-91. https://doi.org/10.5577/intdentres.2021.vol11.suppl1.42

Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.
Correction of persistent crowding in the lower anterior region: A case report
Authors: Cime Akbaydogan Leyla , Baka Zeliha Muge , Ulusoy Mutluol Esra 
Published: January 2022

Aim: This case report demonstrates the application of piezocision in correcting persistent crowding in the lower anterior region of dental arch.
Methodology: A female aged 14 years and 3 months presented to the Selcuk University Department of Orthodontics due to aesthetic complaints. Clinical and radiological examination revealed crowding in the upper and lower dental arches as well as skeletal and dental Class I malocclusion. First, bonding and arch wire were applied to the patient’s upper jaw. The patient then had check-up appointments at 4-week intervals. In the second session, bonding was applied to the lower jaw. As the leveling was completed in the upper jaw, thicker arch wires were used. However, 4 months after the bonding of the lower anterior region, leveling did not occur. Consequently, piezocision was applied to the lower anterior region. Then, two applications of 0.014'' and 0.016'' NiTi wire were carried out, respectively. After the completion of the leveling, intrusion was provided with the utility arch placed on the lower incisor brackets. Orthodontic treatment was concluded with the use of NiTi and steel angle wires.
Conclusion: Efficient leveling was achieved in the lower anterior region with piezocision applications.

How to cite this article: Cime Akbaydogan L, Baka ZM, Uulusoy Mutluol E. Correction of persistent crowding in the lower anterior region: A case report. Int Dent Res 2021;11(Suppl.1):303-7. https://doi.org/10.5577/intdentres.2021.vol11.suppl1.45

Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.
Rehabilitation cost share and cost analysis of traumatic hand injuries: Our single-center results
Authors: Özgen Merih , Merve Aydoğan Ayşe , Uygur Ali , Armağan Onur , Berkan Funda , Mutlu Fezan 
Published: January 2022

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the cost expenses and rehabilitation share of hand and/or wrist injuries and to contribute to the development of health and economic policies.
Patients and methods: A total of 59 patients (55 males, 4 females; mean age: 39.1±11.3 years; range, 20 to 64 years) who presented with hand and/or wrist injuries between January 2015 and December 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic data, hand injury information, and the Modified Hand Injury Severity Scores (MHISS) were retrieved from the patient file system. The cost analysis with direct and indirect costs was performed.
Results: According to the MHISS, 27.1% of patients had a minor injury, 23.7% had a moderate injury, 18.6% had a severe injury, and 30.5% had a major injury. The mean direct cost of the patients was $726.00±641.87 and the total cost of the indirect cost was $2,776.93±1,619.00. The mean day-off time was 125±68.62 days. Indirect costs accounted for 79% of the total cost. The mean cost of rehabilitation was $150.18±86.88. Rehabilitation costs accounted for 4% of the total cost. There was a positive correlation between the MHISS and direct, indirect and total cost, but not between the MHISS and rehabilitation cost.
Conclusion: The proportion of the share allocated to rehabilitation expenditures, which is the subunit of direct cost, is low and not related to the injury severity. The data obtained from the study contributed to the creation of evidence-based health and economic policies. We believe that these data also contribute to the planning of rehabilitation services according to the severity of injury which would improve the quality of life and return to work.
The effects of adapted physical exercise during rehabilitation in patients with traumatic brain injury
Authors: Romanov Romana , Mesarič Ladislav , Perić Dušan , Vešligaj Damiš Jasna , Petrova Filišič Yoana 
Published: January 2022

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the effects of adapted physical exercise on the level of muscular ability and attention process in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI).
Patients and methods: Between September 2018 and November 2018, a total of 25 male patients with TBI (mean age: 41.1±9.7 years; range, 30 to 50 years) that occurred two years ago were included in this randomized-controlled study. The patients were divided into two groups as the experimental group (n=13) and the control group (n=12). The experimental group implemented a regular rehabilitation program and an additional program of adapted physical exercise. The control group implemented only a regular rehabilitation program (morning gymnastics and gymnastics for the brain). Motor and functional abilities were assessed by a Senior Fitness battery and Berg's balance scale. Attention process was assessed by a standardized d2 test.
Results: A significant improvement in physical abilities (strength, flexibility and balance) and attention process was observed in both groups (p<0.01). The improvement was greater in the experimental group (p<0.01).
Conclusion: Traumatic brain injury causes difficulties in the memory and executive functions of the body and impairs working ability. The short-term adapted physical exercise program can yield a positive change in working abilities of patients with TBI.
Comparison of the functional and cardiovascular effects of home-based versus supervised hospital circuit training exercises in male wheelchair users with chronic paraplegia
Authors: Nur Kesiktaş Fatma , Kaşıkçıoğlu Erdem , Paker Nurdan , Bayraktar Bülent , Karan Ayşe , Ketenci Ayşegül , Müslümanoğlu Lütfiye 
Published: January 2022

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of home-based upper extremity circuit training exercises (CTEs) with supervised hospital program in male patients with traumatic complete paraplegia.
Patients and methods: Twenty men with paraplegia (mean age: 38±10.1 years; range, 30 to 43 years) between January 2007 and November 2007 were randomized into two groups. The first group had supervised hospital CTE program, whereas the second group had home-based CTE. The effects of the upper extremity CTE by using elastic bands 60 min per day, five days a week, for a total of eight weeks (70% maximal oxygen consumption [VO2max]) were examined. The Cybex was used for the isokinetic testing of the upper extremities. The VO2max and maximum heart rate (HR) were assessed using an arm ergometer. The Craig Handicap Report Technique Short Form (CHART-SF) was used for the evaluation of functional independence and mobility. Serum lipid profiles were measured.
Results: The mean injury duration was 7.9±2 years. The peak torque values of the upper extremities, VO2max, maximum HR, CHART-SF physical independence and mobility scores, and serum lipid profile were all improved in both groups (p<0.05). There were no significant differences in terms of the increase in the muscle strength and serum lipid levels between the groups (p>0.05). The improvement in the VO2max, physical independence, and mobility scores were greater in the supervised exercise group.
Conclusion: Upper extremity strength, cardiovascular endurance, and lipid profile were improved after supervised and home-based CTE in the men with paraplegia. Home-based exercise programs may be good alternatives to the hospital rehabilitation for this patient population.