bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Technology Focus: Unconventional and Tight Reservoirs (July 2022)
Authors: Kalfayan Leonard 
Published: August 2022

Unconventional resource exploitation has three key technology and application focus areas—increasing implementation of fracture diagnostics, enhancing production and recovery from new well completions as well as existing wells through improved stimulation and restimulation design and execution quality, and developing enhanced oil recovery methods.
With respect to diagnostics, the objective is a greater understanding of the reservoir and fracture geometry to determine optimal well spacing and completion design. The application of drawdown/buildup and rate-transient-analysis methods, previously confined to conventional reservoir evaluations, is now finding increased use in unconventional plays.
Regarding improved stimulation design and execution quality, unique laboratory evaluation methods are providing value by helping to determine optimal fluid chemistries to impart favorable fracture and contacted formation wettability and to optimize proppant transport. This becomes especially important with the increasing use or reuse of produced brines. New proppant compositions, size distributions, and delivery methods and design all call for focusing on effective quality control.
Optimization of new and existing well productivity can take unconventional resource exploitation only so far. Beyond that, the development of enhanced oil recovery methods, in conjunction with reducing CO2 emissions, for example, is a primary focus area for an increasing number of operators. CO2 huff ’n’ puff applications are most common, but other creative injection methods are being studied and trialed globally in tight formations, with potentially exciting prospects ahead.
Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org.
SPE 208948 Deconvolution Overcomes the Limitations of Rate Normalization and Material-Balance Time in Rate-Transient Analysis of Unconventional Reservoirs by Leopoldo M. Ruiz Maraggi, The University of Texas at Austin, et al.
URTEC 208337 Innovative Stimulation Process for Sustainable Unconventional Resource Development by Roman Bilak, Terralog Teknologi Indonesia, et al.
SPE 201707 Laboratory Visualization of Enhanced Gas Recovery in Shale by Youssef Elkady, Stanford University, et al.
Study Describes Challenges, Opportunities of CO2 EOR in China
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: August 2022

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 209468, “CCUS In China: Challenges and Opportunities,” by Hu Guo, China University of Petroleum; Xiuqin Lyu, Sinopac Northwest Oil Field Company; and En Meng, China University of Petroleum, et al. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
One of the most attractive carbon capture, usage, and storage (CCUS) applications in China is that of carbon dioxide (CO2) enhanced oil recovery with captured CO2 (CCS EOR). CO2 EOR with captured CO2 presents an important path for China. The complete paper reviews the progress of CCUS technology in China. The current challenges of CCS EOR include high capture costs, small scale, low incremental oil recovery, and huge capital input. The costs can be significantly reduced when the scale is enlarged to the commercial level and transportation costs are further reduced by pipelines or trains.

Importance of CCUS
At the time of writing, 49 CCUS pilots or field tests had been conducted or were under construction in China. CCUS demonstration projects were small-scale, and no projects involving more than 1.0 million tons of CO2 per year (mtpa) were conducted. 1.3 million tons of CO2 were estimated to be injected in 2020 for EOR use. The authors reference a study that mentions nine CO2 EOR projects. Among these, the Jilin oilfield project was notable for its size of 2.0 million cumulative tons of CO2 injected.
CO2-enhanced coalbed methane was also an attractive option for China, and several field tests were conducted by CNOOC and its partners. Another notable CCUS demonstration project involved the Shaanxi Jinjie power plant. This was the largest coal-fired power postcombustion (PC) CO2-capture project, with a capture capacity of 0.15 mtpa. The project began in November 2019. In January 2021, equipment installation was completed. By June of 2021, 168 trial operations had been passed. The captured CO2 will be used for EOR. This demonstration project will gain knowledge to reduce PC CO2 emissions, a great challenge for China because the majority of electricity is based on coal combustion. Gas processing and power plants rank first for the US in terms of CCUS project numbers. Power plants also rank first in the number of CCUS projects for China, but the number of natural-gas-processing projects was much less.
Design of Passive Variable Stiffness Actuator for Upper Limb Rehabilitation Robot
Authors: Guan Yun-Yi , Li Shou-Zhong , Ma Chong , Zhao Jian-Long , Zhao Hong-Zhe 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Rehabilitation robots joints often require good variable stiffness characteristics to adapt to the compliance of the human body. According to the joint muscle characteristics of the upper limb, the stiffness demands of different positions in the circle trajectory of the upper limb rehabilitation training were analyzed. On this basis, a novel passive variable stiffness actuator was designed. Change of resistance moment by cam-roller-reed mechanism, so as to realize the stiffness change of different positions in the training process of upper limb circumference trajectory. The mathematical model of passive variable stiffness device was established, and the accuracy of the model and the feasibility of the design scheme were verified by software simulation and experiment. Passive variable stiffness actuator realizes the stiffness change in the process of upper limb rehabilitation training. The structure is simple and does not need additional drive and control.
A Novel Grey Model with a Neural Network in Carbon Emission Dynamic System
Authors: Nie Weige , Ao Ou , Duan Huiming 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Carbon dioxide emissions have received widespread attention and have become one of the most important research topics in the world. The objective and accurate prediction of carbon dioxide emissions holds great significance for improving government energy policies and plans. Therefore, starting from an evolutionary system of carbon emissions, this paper studies the evolution of the system, establishes a grey model of the evolutionary dynamic system of carbon emissions, and expands the modelling structure of the grey model. The modelling mechanism of the neural network model is organically combined with the function of the external influencing factors of carbon emissions, and the carbon emission dynamic system's grey model with a neural network is established, which expands the modelling object of the neural network method. Then, the properties of the model are studied, the parameters of the model are optimized, and the modelling steps of the model are obtained. Finally, the validity of the new model is analysed by using the carbon emissions of Beijing from 2009 to 2018. Four different modelling objects show that the new model has good simulation and prediction accuracy. Furthermore, we choose the best one to predict carbon dioxide emissions over the next five years. The results show that the existing measures taken by Beijing for carbon dioxide emissions are effective and have controlled the increase in carbon emissions to a certain extent. However, it is necessary to continue to strictly control carbon emissions and further improve the measures to achieve the goal of a continuous reduction in carbon emissions.
JAG1 is associated with the prognosis and metastasis in breast cancer
Authors: Qiao Xiaojuan , Ma Buhuan , Sun Weiting , Zhang Ning , Liu Yang , Jia Lizhou , Liu Caixia 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Jagged canonical Notch ligand 1 (JAG1) regulates the progression of many cancers by the Notch signaling pathway, but its role in breast cancer (BC) remains unclear. In this research, JAG1 protein expression in BC tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry. The association between JAG1 and clinical significance was analyzed. The effect of JAG1 on malignant behaviors of BC cells was demonstrated by in vitro experiments. JAG1 expression in BC tissues was higher than that in para-carcinoma tissues. High JAG1 expression was significantly linked to advanced lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, and the TNM stage. JAG1 was an independent prognostic factors for BC patients. JAG1 knockdown inhibited the proliferation, motility, migration, and invasion of BC cells, and weakened adhesion and penetration abilities to the blood–brain barrier, whereas JAG1 overexpression had the opposite effects. JAG1 has the potential to be a prognostic marker and therapeutic target for BC patients.
Optimization of production of poly-hydroxy butyrate biopolymer using Streptomyces native bacteria
Authors: Moayedi Somayeh , Farzi Ali , Dehnad Alireza 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Synthetic polymers are mostly made of petroleum, remain in the soil for a long time because they are not biocompatible. Production of biodegradable polymers, like poly-beta-hydroxy butyrate (PHB), is a new way to increase degradation rate of polymers in the environment. In this study, five strains of Streptomyces native bacteria were isolated and coded as G2 (Streptomyces ambofaciens Azar411), 6, G8, E17, and N5 and were used for production of PHB. Granules of PHB were observed within all five strains after treatment by prepared nutrient agar culture medium. Nutrient Broth medium was centrifuged at the end of PHB production stage. The amount of produced PHB was analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and calculated by spectrophotometry and weighing method. The effects of six important parameters including carbon and nitrogen sources, pH and temperature of culture medium, shaker speed, and incubation time, on the amount of PHB production were assessed and their optimum values were obtained. Maximum PHB production was obtained in G2 bacteria as 77.51%, of cell dry weight, after 2days at culture medium with same values of parameters as extraction phase except that 1g peptone protease as nitrogen source, and 4 mL aqueous glucose solution as carbon source were used.
Filiform polyposis presenting with rapid growth and severe anemia
Authors: Alkhuzaie Abdullah , Jameel Waed , Sultan Noran , Aldosari Mohammed 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Giant inflammatory polyposis (GIP) is a rare manifestation of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and it is described as a worm-like projection of 1.5 cm or more in diameter with unclear pathogenesis. GIP may be related to the severity of IBD. GIP presents with a wide range of symptoms, including crampy abdominal pain, anemia and intestinal obstruction. The histopathology of GIP is a polyp lined by normal colonic mucosa with superficial ulceration that may show mild crypt distortion. Our case reports a patient with ulcerative colitis diagnosed via colonoscopy and histopathology 10 months before presenting with severe anemia due to lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Colonoscopy showed GIP obstructing the descending colon, and total colectomy showed the entire colon full of worm-like polyps up to 16 cm.
Comparative analysis of 31 Streptococcus gallolyticus strains uncovers their potential risks from the perspectives of virulence factors and antibiotic resistance genes
Authors: Zhang Na , Bai Zipeng , Wang Shanshan , Mao Yujie , Chen Long , Huang Bingbing , Cheng Zhixiang , Wang Xiaoyan , Han Maozhen 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Streptococcus gallolyticus is an opportunistic pathogen and plays important role in various ecological niches, particularly in the intestinal tract of mammals. Obtaining the composition of S. gallolyticus strains from multiple perspectives is beneficial to broadening the knowledge of S. gallolyticus. Hence, we collected the genomic datasets of 31 S. gallolyticus strains and conducted the pan-genome analysis to systemically illustrate the genetic features and investigate the mechanism of its pathogenicity. Our results showed that the pan-genome of S. gallolyticus is composed of 4,606 homologous clusters and presented an open pan-genome structure. The phylogenetic analysis revealed the complicated relationship among S. gallolyticus strains. Six CAZyme families were identified from 182 orthologous genes that mainly derived from the core genome to clarify the carbohydrate metabolism of S. gallolyticus strains. The results showed that the metabolic ability of carbohydrates of 31 S. gallolyticus strains was different and these strains preferred glycosides and a crucial influence on the formation and modification of glycans and glycoconjugates. Particularly, the results of virulence factors indicated that the pathogenicity of S. gallolyticus strains was related to immunity, bile acid metabolism, and membrane synthesis. Besides, to guide the clinical treatment, we investigated the composition of antibiotic resistance genes of S. gallolyticus strains and claimed that these strains are resistant to antibiotics. Overall, our work systematically explores the genetic background of S. gallolyticus, provides an in-depth understanding of the biological characteristics of S. gallolyticus, and sheds light on the clinical detection and prevention of S. gallolyticus.
Prevalence and factors associated with overweight and obesity in patients with severe mental disorders in Shenzhen: results from the urban Chinese population
Authors: Peng Xiaodong , Shan Wei , Zhou Zhijian , Wang Guojun , Liu Tiebang 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: Although overweight and obesity are important risk factors for the physical health of severe mental disorders (SMD), few studies have been reported. Morbidity and mortality associated with physical disorders of SMD can be reduced if detected and managed in the early stages of physical disorders. The objective was to analyse the prevalence of overweight and obesity in patients with SMD and factors associated with sociodemographic and disease characteristics in a cross-sectional population-based study.Methods: This analysis examined prevalence of overweight and obesity of 14,868 managed SMD patients in urban area of Shenzhen city, based on data from the information monitoring system in 2020. Sociodemographical and physiological characteristics of overweight and obesity of SMD patients were described. The multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify the factors associated with the prevalence of overweight and obesity of SMD.Results: Records of 14, 868 participants were included for analysis. The prevalence of overweight and obesity in patients with SMD in this study was 32.6% and 16.1%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, married, Shenzhen household registration, number of years of management 5-10 years and >10 years, participation in family physician services, taking clozapine or aripiprazole, FPG>6.1 mmol/L, hypertension, TC≥5.2mmol/L, TG≥1.7mmol/L, the more frequent the number of follow-ups in the past year were associated with higher odds of overweight and obesity, while older, having tertiary education, and mental retardation with mental disorders had lower odds of overweight and obesity. Compared to their respective reference categories, living status with parents, spouse and children, taking risperidone, aripiprazole, amisulpride and perphenazine, FPG>6.1 mmol/L, hypertension, TC≥5.2mmol/L, TG≥1.7mmol/L, the more frequent the number of follow-ups in the past year were associated with higher odds of obesity, while having tertiary education and schizophrenia had lower odds of obesity. Conclusions: We observed a high prevalence of overweight and obesity with SMD in this study. The findings highlight the need for integrated management of overweight and obesity risk factors among patients with SMD.
Genetic diversity of indigenous bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) genotypes by morphological and molecular marker
Authors: Adarsh Anupam , Kumar Randhir , Kumar Pankaj , Ray Pankaj Kumar , Bharti Pallavi , Kumar Anjani 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Bitter gourd (Balsam pear, Momordica charantia L.) belongs to the family Cucurbitaceae, known for its health promoting benefits. It is widely grown in Asian countries due to its medicinal property, especially in China, India and Southeast Asia. Bitter gourd shown wide diversity for fruit morphology which varies greatly in color, shape, size, and yield attributing traits. The diverse morphological characters of M. charantia provide relatively broad phenotypic variation. Genetic diversity assessments and linkage map construction can increase the effectiveness of breeding programs. This study was conducted to evaluate and characterize the exotic accessions to define their relationship based on Indigenous accessions having some commercial cultivars of economic importance. The mean sum of square was highly significant for all traits indicating the presence of wide range of variability in the genotypes. The results showed that there were significant differences among the genotypes for all the traits under studied. The best genotypes identified from the study were Pusa Aushadhi for earliness, Gangajalee small for number of fruit /plant, BRBTL for average fruit weight and yield/plant and the genotype Konkan tara found best for biochemical traits. Molecular diversity analysis was also carried out using 35 SSR primers, out of which eleven primers showed polymorphism among 21 genotypes. The polymorphism % ranged from -44.11 to 0.97% indicating wide variation for earliness, shape and biochemical traits in genetic diversity. A Dendrogram was constructed by UPGMA analysis revealed four cluster. These markers effectively segregated the genotypes based on genotypic character hence, can be used for both morphological and molecular diversity analyses for further breeding applications.
Microvascular damage, neuroinflammation and extracellular matrix remodeling in Col18a1 knockout mice as a model for early cerebral small vessel disease
Authors: Khoshneviszadeh Mahsima , Jandke Solveig , Kaushik Rahul , Ulbrich Philipp , Norman Oula , Jukkola Jari , Heikkinen Anne , Schreiber Stefanie , Dityatev Alexander 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
BackgroundThe pathological alterations of small arteries and capillaries defined as cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) are characterized by age-dependent blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown and vessel wall remodeling manifesting in small vessel occlusions and perivascular bleeds. As collagen XVIII (Col18a1) is an abundant heparan sulfate proteoglycan in vascular basement membranes, we focused on studying the role of collagen XVIII in vascular integrity and neurovascular unit maintenance in the context of CSVD.MethodsIn this study, we examined BBB breakdown, neuroinflammation and (peri)synaptic protein alterations using immunohistochemistry in 5- and 12-month-old Col18a1-/- and Col18a1+/+ mice. To further characterize molecular alterations, we used qPCR and compared the expression levels of major genes encoding tight junction and basement membrane proteins, inflammatory markers, neural extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and proteinases.ResultsOur immunohistochemical analysis revealed progression of small vessel leakage in Col18a1-/- mice between 5 and 12 months. A large fraction (60%) of the small vessel area became mouse IgG-immunopositive in the hippocampus and retrosplenial cortex of 12-month-old Col18a1-/- mice. However, none of the Col18a1-/- mice displayed hallmarks typical of more advanced stages of CSVD, such as perivascular or large bleeds or infarcts. Collagen XVIII deficiency-induced BBB leakage was accompanied by activation of microglia and astrocytes, leading to perivascular ECM remodeling, upregulation of Timp3 and accumulation of perisynaptic ECM proteoglycan brevican and complement protein C1q, which may underlie impaired synaptic plasticity and loss of synapses.ConclusionOur findings highlight that Col18a1-/- mice represent a valuable model of early CSVD and call for more mechanistic analysis of underlying mechanisms and cognitive dysfunction in this model.
Evaluation of clinical outcomes in children with intrahepatic cholestasis post Partial External Biliary Diversion: a single centre Experience
Authors: El-din Hadeer Mohamed Nasr , Adel Noha , EL-koofy Nehal , Obeida Alaa , Kaddah Sherif , EL-Tagy Gamal , Mohamed Wesam 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Severe pruritus caused by progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC) and Alagille syndrome (AGS) is refractory to medical treatment. Surgical interruption of the enterohepatic circulation is considered the mainstay of alleviating distressing symptoms and delaying cirrhosis. This study aims to evaluate the short-term effect of partial external biliary diversion (PEBD) on pruritus, liver disease progression, patient’s growth, and quality of life.Methods: This prospective cohort study enrolled children with PFIC and AGS from July 2019 to July 2021, whose guardians consented to the PEBD procedure. A standard surgical approach was performed by a single surgeon. Outcomes were measured subjectively and objectively pre- and post-procedure using the pruritus 5-D itching score, Paediatric Quality of Life Inventory scale (PedsQL), growth parameters, bile acids level, and liver function tests. Patients’ follow-up period ranged from 6 to 12 months.Results: Seven patients had PEBD procedure; five with PFIC and two with AGS. A significant improvement was detected in the 5-D itching score (p-value < 0.001), PedsQL (p-value < 0.001), and bile acids level (p-value 0.013). The preexisting growth failure was ameliorated. The downward trend in the bilirubin level was not significant. No influential difference in the other liver function tests occurred. No intra-operative complications encountered. Only one case had a post-operative stoma prolapse which was managed surgically.Conclusion: PEBD procedure could be considered as an effective and safe treatment options for intractable pruritus in patients with PFIC or AGS, providing preserved synthetic liver functions.Research Ethics committee approval: MD110-2019 on 28/12/2019
WITHDRAWN: Clinical significance of serum synaptophysin like 1 protein levels in breast cancer
Authors: Kosem Yagmur Ozge Turac , Uzun Hafize , Velidedeoglu Mehmet , Kocael Pınar , Dumur Seyma , Simsek Osman 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: Mammography which is used for screening breast cancer (BC) has limitations such as decreased sensitivity in dense breasts, requiring additional imaging and leading to unnecessary treatment. In our study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between serum synaptophysin-like protein 1 (SYPL1) value and BC. Method: The study group consisted of 80 female patients with a histopathological diagnosis of invasive BC and didn’t receive any radiotherapy/chemotherapy. The control group 72 women with noprevious history of breast disease and evaluated as Breast Imaging Reporting and Data Systems (BI-RADS 1-2) on imaging. Results: SYPL1 level was found to be statistically significant in diagnosing BC. The point of serum SYPL1 was sensitivity: 48.75%; specificity: 80.56%. There wasn’t statistically significant correlation between serum SYPL1 and tumor diameter, lymph node metastasis, distant organ metastasis, and stage. They were correlated with BI-RADS and serum SYPL1 wasn’t correlated with breast density. Conclusion: The serum SYPL1 maintained a higher discriminatory ability for BC. The serum SYPL1 level can be used with high specificity in the diagnosis of BC. Although SYPL1 has low diagnostic value in BC by itself, it may be included in BC screening in combination with other because it isn’t affected by breast density.