bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pleomorphic acquired digital fibrokeratoma: A novel clinicopathologic entity
Authors: Wang Leo L. , Abbott James J. , Jiang Angela J. , Hannah Claire , Rubin Adam I. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA 26‐year‐old male presented with a 2‐year history of a hyperkeratotic growth from the left index finger. Histopathology was consistent with an acquired digital fibrokeratoma with changes of a pleomorphic fibroma. Lesional cells were negative for CD34, Rb, and p53, and were positive for FXIIIa. We introduce the pleomorphic acquired digital fibrokeratoma as a novel clinicopathologic entity.
Organ transplant status, anatomic location, and age impact rates of adnexal involvement of actinic keratoses
Authors: McEwen Matthew W. , Tirado Mariantonieta , Lipman Sonja , Patel Tejesh , Jones Allison 
Published: September 2022

AbstractActinic keratoses (AKs) are pre‐malignant skin lesions that can give rise to squamous cell carcinomas. Involvement of adnexal structures by AKs has been postulated to confer resistance to therapy and facilitate malignant progression. In our study, we identified several factors associated with increased risk of adnexal involvement of AKs. We found an increased risk of follicular involvement in AKs on the head and neck, a slightly increased risk of eccrine involvement with increasing age, and an increased risk of eccrine involvement in organ transplant patients. Additionally, our data showed a higher overall rate of follicular involvement of AKs than previously reported.
The moments we have not chosen
Authors: Kull Anne 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSince the Russian invasion of Ukraine and its justification by the head of the Russian Orthodox Church we have to re‐think the possibilities of our own God‐talk as well. Can we confess our unity of faith with this church, and continue to speak of peace and love? The great Russian chauvinism in its latest expression – the Russkii world – is spreading its madness. We cannot not lament the situation, we cannot turn a new page before Ukrainians and other victims of violent conflicts can do it as well.
Remnant tensile and creep properties of aluminized AISI 321 austenite stainless steel under prior creep–fatigue interaction
Authors: Chen Huitao , Li Wei , Chen Wei , Zhou Libo , Chen Jian , Zhang Shengde , Chen Anqi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAluminized AISI 321 steels applied as heat exchange tube are generally subjected to creep–fatigue (C‐F) exposure during service. Remaining tensile and creep performance of this steel at 620°C were therefore studied under prior C‐F deformation. Results revealed that residual properties exhibit an initial increase and followed degradation with rising lifetime fraction of prior C‐F. The tensile strength and creep lifespan reach highest at 30% lifetime fraction, since dislocation cell networks are well developed and secondary nanotwins are activated at substrate. Additionally, dynamic recovery and wavy slips occurred in coatings partially accommodate local plastic deformations and inhibit defect initiations, avoiding premature material fracture. On the other hand, these networks could restrain the increase in coating thicknesses. When the lifetime fraction of prior C‐F increases to 80%, declined remnant properties are observed, which is attributed to the recovery of dislocation cells and carbide coarsening. Meanwhile, coating microcracks also accelerate steel failure.
Impact of unilateral trigeminal neuralgia on bilateral ocular surface alterations
Authors: Altaş Mustafa , Oltulu Pembe , Uca Ali Ulvi , Belviranlı Selman , Gündoğan Ali Osman , Mirza Enver , Oltulu Refik 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate ocular surface alterations in both eyes of patients with unilateral trigeminal neuralgia (TN) compared with controls.BackgroundCorneal nerves mainly originate from the trigeminal nerve, and neurosensory abnormalities are important factors in ocular surface alterations and dry eye etiopathogenesis.MethodsTwenty‐four patients with idiopathic unilateral TN and 24 healthy controls with similar sex and age distributions were included in this cross‐sectional study conducted from February 15 to September 15, 2021. The eyes on the affected sides of the patients with TN were treated as Group 1, their contralateral eyes as Group 2, and the right eyes of the controls as Group 3. All participants were evaluated for tear film and ocular surface using the Schirmer 1 test, tear breakup time (TBUT), Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) score, and conjunctival impression cytology grading.ResultsThe mean (SD) ages of the patients with TN (17 of 24 females, 70.8%) and controls (15 of 24 females, 62.5%) were 49.7 (11.7) and 48.5 (9. 6) years, respectively. The median [25th, 75th percentile] Schirmer 1 test results in Groups 1, 2, and 3 were 5.0 [4.0, 14.0], 7.0 [3.2, 11.7], and 10.0 [6.0, 15.7] mm, respectively, with no statistically significant differences between Groups 1 and 2 (p = 0.697), Groups 1 and 3 (p = 0.133), or Groups 2 and 3 (p = 0.129). The median TBUT scores in Groups 1, 2, and 3 were 7.0 [5.0, 10.0], 8.0 [5.2, 10.0], and 12.5 [8.0, 13.0] s, respectively, showing reduced times for both Groups 1 and 2 versus Group 3 (median difference = −3.0 [95% CI: −5.0, −1.0], p = 0.001, and median difference = −3.0 [95% CI: −5.0, −2.0], p = 0.001, respectively). Conjunctival impression cytology grades were significantly higher in Groups 1 and 2 versus Group 3 (median difference = 2.0 [95% CI: 1.0, 2.0], p < 0.001, and median difference = 1.0 [95% CI: 1.0, 2.0], p < 0.001, respectively). The median OSDI score in TN patients (30.2 [25.0, 34.9]) was significantly higher than in the controls (8.3 [0.0, 18.7]), with a median difference of 20.8 (95% CI: 14.7, 27.1), p < 0.001.ConclusionEven if pain is unilateral in patients with TN, there are significant abnormalities in conjunctival cytology and tear functions in both eyes. There seem to be various pathophysiological mechanisms of TN that affect the bilateral ocular surface and lead to significant alterations.
Brazilian prisons in times of mass incarceration: Ambivalent transformations
Authors: Dal Santo Luiz 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMost of the scholarship on the ‘punitive turn’ has claimed that there have been two main trends in punishment since the 1970s: the rise of incarceration rates (quantitative dimension) and the worsening of prison conditions (qualitative dimension). Scholars argue that, in parallel with the rise of mass incarceration, there has been a fall of the rehabilitative ideal. In this view, prisons in core countries have basically operated as a warehouse, working towards neutralisation and incapacitation. Both trends are also viewed as reflecting a global convergence of penal policies. The analysis of the Brazilian case challenges this supposed universality. Drawing on official prison data, reports from non‐governmental organisations, and secondary data, I argue that mass incarceration has not been accompanied by the same qualitative changes to prisons in ‘Western countries’ and Brazil. First, features of the so‐called warehouse prison, such as low levels of prison activities, have always been present in Brazilian prisons, and are not an effect of mass incarceration. Furthermore, the consequences of mass incarceration in Brazilian prisons have, in fact, been ambivalent and, in some cases, may have alleviated inmates’ suffering, rather than intensifying experiences of confinement. Finally, instead of neutralising and controlling criminals, Brazilian prisons under mass incarceration have contributed to the emergence, empowerment, recruitment and organisation of gangs, whose powers now transcend the physical barriers of prison walls.
Liquid fragility maximum in lithium borate glass‐forming melts related to the local structure
Authors: Alderman Oliver L. G. , Benmore Chris J. , Reynolds Bryce , Royle Brock , Feller Steve , Weber Rick J. K. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe structure of liquid lithium pyroborate, Li4B2O5 (J = Li/B = 2), has been measured over a wide temperature range by high‐energy X‐ray diffraction, and compared to that of its glass and borate liquids of other compositions. The results indicate a gradual increase in tetrahedral boron fraction from 3(1)% to 6(1)% during cooling from T = 1271(15) to 721(8) K, consistent with the larger N4 = 10(1)% found for the glass, and literature 11B nuclear magnetic resonance measurements. van't Hoff analysis based on a simple boron isomerization reaction BØ3O2– ⇌ BØO22– yields ΔH = 13(1) kJ mol–1 and ΔS = 40(1) J mol–1 K–1 for the boron coordination change from 4 to 3, which are, respectively, smaller and larger than found for singly charged isomers for J ≤ 1. With these, we extend our model for N4(J, T), nonbridging oxygen fraction fnbr(J, T), configurational heat capacity , and entropy Sconf(J, T) contributions up to J = 3. A maximum is revealed in at J = 1, and shown semi‐quantitatively to lead to a corresponding maximum in fragility contribution, akin to that observed in the total fragilities by temperature‐modulated differential scanning calorimetry. Lithium is bound to 4.6(2) oxygen in the pyroborate liquid, with 2.7(1) bonds centered around 1.946(8) Å and 1.9(1) around 2.42(1) Å. In the glass, nLiO = 5.4(4), the increase being due to an increase in the number of short Li–O bonds.
Health and social consequences of human rights violations in Rural Nigeria
Authors: Sandra Ikenyei N. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe violation of human rights is replete in many African communities. On a daily basis, people face the dilemma of distinguishing between what is right or wrong and mainly depend on prosecutors to determine when an act is legal or unconstitutional. Based on this, the rights of Africans are violated. The violations of human rights with little or no redress mechanisms has several consequences on victims. Violation makes life unbearably hard; this impacts adversely on health and social wellbeing. Although many researchers have examined human rights violations, few have explored its health consequences on vulnerable citizens. Thus, this study examined human rights violations and their social/health consequences on victims in Nigeria. Explanation of core variables was anchored on social action theory and health belief model. Data were generated with questionnaires as well as in‐depth and key informant interviews. Content and chi‐square test were used in analysing the data obtained in the course of the study. Responses from 67% of the respondents revealed that violation induces health challenges ranging from psychosomatic dissonance to anxiety, psychometric disturbances, psychosis, insomnia, delusion, suspicion paranoia, depression, high blood pressure, hypertension, disorientation, and stroke. Those who seek redress are embattled with difficult terrain. As such, victims become stoic and unpatriotic, often exhibiting unwholesome behaviours. With poor redress mechanisms, attack on institutions/authorities and loss of lives have increased. Based on these outcomes, this study recommends that supremacy of the constitution should be upheld and there should be massive socialization through educational curriculum modelling to create awareness.
Relationships among patient activation, social support and online health information seeking of community‐dwelling older adults living with coronary heart disease
Authors: Zhu Yaru , Song Yuting , Wang Yinuo , Ji Heqian , Wang Derong , Cai Shuo , Wang Aimin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimsTo explore the relationship between patient activation (subjective initiative of patients to participate in disease management in self‐health care), social support, self‐efficacy and online health information seeking among older patients with coronary heart disease.DesignA cross‐sectional and survey‐based design.MethodsA total of 451 older patients with coronary heart disease were recruited from July to November 2021 from four communities in Qingdao, China. We collected data using the Patient Activation Measure, Social Support Rating Scale, Self‐Efficacy Scale and Online Health Information Seeking Scale. We performed structural equation modelling to analyse the data.ResultsThe final model showed good model fit. Patient activation influenced online health information seeking directly (β = .39, p  < .05) and indirectly through self‐efficacy (β = .17, p  < .05). Social support influenced online health information seeking directly (β = .23, p  < .05) and indirectly through self‐efficacy (β = .03, p  < .05). Self‐efficacy directly influenced online health information seeking (β = .26, p  < .05).ConclusionsWe identified the interrelationships of patient activation, social support and self‐efficacy and their influence on the online health information seeking of older patients with coronary heart disease. Our findings provide a theoretical basis for developing and evaluating interventions to enhance online health information seeking for older patients with coronary heart disease.ImpactThese findings add a better understanding of the relationship between patient activation, social support, self‐efficacy and online health information seeking in older patients with coronary heart disease, and help community health workers to intervene in the early stage of disease diagnosis.
Academic reading under a semantic enhancement environment: An empirical study on users' cognitive load and reading effect
Authors: Song Ningyuan , Chen Kejun , Jin Xiufang , Zhao Yuehua 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn the digital environment, users' academic reading behaviour has changed, working with many articles simultaneously to search, filter, scan, link, annotate and analyse content fragments. The semantic enhancement environment has been widely set with semantic technologies to offer additional and handy support for users and thus facilitate the reading process. Despite many efforts devoted to developing a semantic enhancement environment, less attention has been paid to its actual effects.ObjectivesThis study aims to explore the effects of a semantic enhancement environment.MethodsElaborating on cognitive load theory and focusing on academic reading, this study compared users' cognitive load and reading effect under the semantic enhancement environment and plain text environment and verified the three hypotheses.Results and conclusionsThrough experiments and statistical analysis, this study found that, under a semantic enhancement environment, users had their cognitive load reduced and their reading effect improved. Consequently, a semantic enhancement environment promotes academic reading.TakeawaysThis study adds to previous literature on semantic publishing by empirically corroborating the conducive effects of semantic enhancement environment in academic reading. Additionally, it justifies semantic publishing and provides a reference for the future design of semantically enhanced reading environments.
Two sides of the same coin: A mixed methods study of Black mothers’ experiences with violence, stressors, parenting, and coping during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Hassoun Ayoub Lama , Partridge Ty , Gómez Jennifer M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDue to systemic and structural inequities, the COVID‐19 pandemic disproportionately impacts the Black community, along with ongoing anti‐Black racism and violence. Violence against women in the home, particularly Black women, was prevalent during shelter in place, along with the additional family responsibilities of Black mothers. Crenshaw's theory of intersectionality (1991) provides a foundation for examining Black mothers’ experiences during shelter‐in‐place mandates. This mixed‐methods study aimed to quantitatively assess violence victimization, acknowledged racial inequities, depression and anxiety, while qualitatively examining Black mothers’ experiences in parenting during shelter‐in‐place orders. Participants (N= 127; Mage= 32.4 years) were mothers who self‐identify as Black or African American living in a Midwestern US city. Results showed that Black mothers who perceived greater COVID‐19 inequities in the Black community reported increased parental stress, decreased emotional support, greater exposure to physical or sexual violence, and higher symptoms of stress, anxiety, and depression. Qualitative results yielded numerous themes, including the integrative theme oftwo sides of the same coin, highlighting both positive parenting experiences and significant stressors for Black mothers. The implications point to the need for intersectional and feminist approaches to interventions and initiatives that support Black women as humans, mothers, souls, and spirits.
Protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type delta (PTPRD) gene in an animal model of restless legs syndrome
Authors: Morais Milca Abda , Franco Beatriz Silva , Holanda Alessandro Spencer Souza , de Paula Simino Laís Angélica , Veras Alana Carolina Costa , Torsoni Marcio Alberto , Manconi Mauro , Torsoni Adriana Souza , Esteves Andrea Maculano 
Published: September 2022

SummaryThe pathophysiology of the restless legs syndrome (RLS) is related to dopaminergic dysfunction, reduced iron and variations in gene expression, such as the protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type delta gene (PTPRD). Animal models could be key to achieving a mechanistic understanding of RLS and to facilitate efficient platforms for evaluating new therapeutics. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of PTPRD, of genes and proteins associated with RLS, the sleep patterns and the cardiovascular parameters in an animal model of RLS (spontaneously hypertensive rat [SHR]). Rats were divided into two groups: (i) Wistar‐Kyoto and (ii) SHR. Cardiovascular parameters were assessed by tail plethysmography. Polysomnography was used to analyse the sleep pattern (24 h). For the PTPRD analyses, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and indirect enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) techniques were used. To evaluate the tyrosine hydroxylase enzyme, dopamine transporter (DAT) and type 2 dopaminergic receptor, qPCR and Western Blotting techniques were used. For the quantification of iron, ferritin and transferrin, the ELISA method was used. SHRs had higher blood pressure, alterations in sleep pattern, lower expression of protein content of PTPRD, lower expression of DAT, and lower serum concentrations of ferritin. These data suggest that the behavioural, physiological, and molecular changes observed in SHRs provide a useful animal model of RLS, reinforcing the importance of this strain as an animal model of this sleep disorder.
Routine screening of emergency admissions at risk of chronic hepatitis (SEARCH) identifies and links hepatitis B cases to care
Authors: Jacob Rachael , Prince David S. , Pipicella Joseph L. , Nguyen Angela , Bagatella Melissa , Alvaro Frank , Maley Michael , Foo Hong , Middleton Paul , Kayes Tahrima , DiGirolamo Julia , Davison Scott A. , Levy Miriam T. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsSignificant barriers exist with hepatitis B (HBV) case detection and effective linkage to care (LTC). The emergency department (ED) is a unique healthcare interaction where hepatitis screening and LTC could be achieved. We examined the efficacy and utility of automated ED HBV screening for Overseas Born (OB) patients.MethodsA novel‐automated hepatitis screening service “SEARCH” (Screening Emergency Admissions at Risk of Chronic Hepatitis) was piloted at a metropolitan hospital. A retrospective and comparative analysis of hepatitis testing during the SEARCH pilot compared to a period of routine testing was conducted.ResultsDuring the SEARCH pilot, 4778 OB patients were tested for HBV (86% of eligible patient presentations), compared with 1.9% of eligible patients during a control period of clinician‐initiated testing. SEARCH detected 108 (2.3%) hepatitis B surface antigen positive patients including 20 (19%) in whom the diagnosis was new. Among 88 patients with known HBV, 57% were receiving medical care, 33% had become lost to follow‐up and 10% had never received HBV care. Overall, 30/88 (34%) patients with known HBV were receiving complete guideline‐based care prior to re‐engagement via SEARCH. Following SEARCH, LTC was successful achieved in 48/58 (83%) unlinked patients and 19 patients were commenced on anti‐viral therapy. New diagnoses of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma were made in five and one patient(s) respectively.ConclusionsAutomated ED screening of OB patients is effective in HBV diagnosis, re‐diagnosis and LTC. Prior to SEARCH, the majority of patients were not receiving guideline‐based care.
Weaponizing Interdependence in the Middle East
Authors: Ahram Ariel I. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGlobal interdependence was supposed to herald a new age of peaceful cooperation. America's global leadership in many ways derives from its ability to maintain, augment, and protect mutually advantageous interactions. Yet the United States has also tried to use its dominance in networks of finance, trade, and communications as a tool of coercion. No region has been more affected by such weaponized interdependence (WI) than the Middle East. But WI, enacted through various forms of direct and indirect sanctions and embargoes, has a spotty record of success. WI is typically coupled with military force and usually targeted against isolated and weak opponents. WI has contributed to several of the region's gravest humanitarian crises, including Iraq in the 1990s and Yemen since 2014. This has cost the United States support from regional states and from the proverbial “street.” Moreover, targets often find ways to upgrade and deepen their repression as they adapt to network restrictions. The United States must be prudent in selecting targets for WI sanctions, broader in recruiting allies for its WI campaigns, and transparent about the humanitarian costs that WI imposes.
‘Nineteenth‐Century’ Subdominants
Authors: SCHMALFELDT JANET 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTThe harmonic dualist notion of two commensurate ‘systems’ – authentic and plagal – proposed by Daniel Harrison in 1994 has not been widely accepted, but it enabled him to uncover strong plagal elements in the music of late nineteenth‐century European composers, and it gives much heft to the generally accepted view that the subdominant acquired greater autonomy in music of the fin de siècle. If we allow for the idea that the subdominant and the dominant play dual, though emphatically unequal, roles in tonal music, then it might follow that the subdominant in ascendency suggests the dominant in decline. Are there signs within Austro‐German music of the earlier nineteenth century that the subdominant had begun to assume this more ascendant status? I answer in the affirmative, with examples from the music of Ludwig van Beethoven, Franz Schubert, Fanny Hensel, Robert Schumann, Felix Mendelssohn, Richard Wagner and the young Johannes Brahms. Instances of the affective character of the subdominant in this music run the gamut from associations with the pastoral, with the world of night and dreams and magic, to implications of the ecstatic and, finally, to the expression of deepest grief.