bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Occurrence of microplastics in the gastrointestinal tracts of edible fishes from South Indian Rivers
Authors: Anandhan Krishnan , Tharini Kamalanathan , Thangal Said Hamid , Yogeshwaran Arumugan , Muralisankar Thirunavukkarasu 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The occurrence of microplastics MPs in the gastrointestinal (GI) tracts of the five different fish species (Chanos chanos, Chanda nama, Chelon macrolepis, Gerrus filamentosus, and Carangoides malabaricus) from the Kollidam River and Vellar River of Tamil Nadu, Southern India were evaluated. A maximum of 23 individual fishes was sampled from both Rivers and alkaline digestion was performed to extract the MPs in the GI tract of fishes. The results revealed that a total of 315 MPs were isolated from the GI tracts of all fishes sampled from both Rivers with fibres and fragments. The average size of ingested MPs was ranged between 108.72 to 129.11 µm and 181 to 284 µm in the fishes sampled from Kollidam and Vellar River respectively. In the morphological examination of MPs, fishes from both Rivers showed the maximum level of fibres, followed by fragments. The colour pattern of the ingested MPs was dominated by blue, transparent, red and other colours in both rivers. In this study, MPs in the GI tract of fishes indicated that the MPs pollution in studied Rivers can cause significant threats to aquatic fauna.
Prostate-specific antigen density as the best predictor of low- to intermediate-risk prostate cancer: A cohort study
Authors: Park Dae Hyoung , Kim Jae-Yoon , Cho Dae Yeon , Sung Luck Hee , Yu Ji Hyeong 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Evaluation of prostate cancer (PCa) when serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level is vaguely elevated is complicated. This is because serum PSA levels only reflect the number of prostate epithelial cells. We aimed to compare PSA and various prostate volume-related factors to determine which one can best predict PCa in patient with a PSA level of 2.5–20 ng/mL.Methods: Patients who underwent transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided prostate biopsy at the Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital between January 2018 and July 2021 and who had a PSA level of 2.5–20 ng/mL were retrospectively identified (n = 275). Among them, based on biopsy results, patients were divided into cancer group and non-cancer groups, and age, PSA, total prostate volume (TPV), peripheral zone volume (PZV), peripheral zone PSA density (PZ-PSAD), transitional zone-PSAD (TZ-PSAD), and PSAD were compared and analyzed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and univariate analyses.Results: The areas under ROC curves (AUCs) for age, total PSA, TPV, PZV, PZ-PSAD, TZ-PSAD, and PSAD for predicting PCa in patients with a PSA level of 2.5–20.0 ng/mL were 0.678, 0.680, 0.671, 0.639, 0.731, 0.736, and 0.764, respectively. In univariate analysis, all categorical variables were divided based on the cut-off value and used to predict PCa. Those with a PSAD of ≥0.218 ng/mL2 were found to be at an increased risk of PCa than those with a PSAD of <0.218 ng/mL2 (odds ratio [OR] 8.16, 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.612–14.419), which was the best result, followed by TZ-PSAD with a cut-off value of 0.353, PZ-PSAD of 0.368, TPV of 34.50, PSA of 6.315, age of 68.5, and PZV of 19.85 mL. At a PSAD level of 0.218 ng/mL2, 85.0% of the PCa group could avoid unnecessary biopsy and 61.4% of the non-PCa group could reduce missed diagnosis when the TRUS findings were inaccurate.Conclusions: PSAD may inform biopsy decisions as the best predictor of PCa when TRUS findings are ambiguous in patients with a PSA level of 2.5–20.0 ng/mL.
Large-scale identification of recurrent RNA edits in human embryos suggests their role in enhancing maternal mRNA clearance
Authors: Ding Yang , Zheng Yang , Wang Junting , Li Hao , Zhao Chenghui , Tao Huan , Li Yaru , Xu Kang , Huang Xin , Gao Ge , Bo Xiaochen , Chen Hebing 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Posttranscriptional modification plays an important role in key embryonic processes. Adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing, a common example of such modifications, is widespread in human adult tissues and has various functional impacts and clinical consequences. However, whether it persists in a consistent pattern in most human embryos, and whether it supports embryonic development, are poorly understood. To address this problem, we compiled the largest human embryonic editome from 2,071 transcriptomes and identified for the first time thousands of Recurrent Edits (REs; >=50% chances of occurring in a given stage) for each early developmental stages. We found that these REs prefer exons consistently across stages, tend to target genes related to DNA replication, and undergo organized loss in abnormal embryos and embryos from elder mothers. In particular, REs are likely to enhance maternal mRNA clearance by introducing more microRNA binding sites to the 3'-untranslated regions of clearance targets. This study suggests a potentially important, if not indispensable, role of RNA editing in key human embryonic processes such as maternal mRNA clearance; the identified editome can aid further investigations.
Evaluation of the best time for spawning of Pleurotus eryngii mushroom to standardize the cultivation technology in Rajasthan, India
Authors: Deora Akansha , Sharma S.S. , Shekhawat Abhitej Singh , Kumar Suresh , Kumari Poonam , Yadav Kalpana , Dahima Vinita , Yadav Poonam 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The aim behind this experiment was to know the suitability of months that gives better Biological efficiency and its sustainability with respect to yield. This research work was accomplished at the project of AICRP on medicinal mushroom unit in Department of Plant Pathology, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Udaipur during the months of November to April in the natural climatic conditions, where the temperature and the relative humidity of cropping room ranged between 9-24°C and 60-80%, respectively. This work tells you about the best time for spawning to standardize the cultivation technology of Pleurotus eryngii in Zone IV a (Udaipur region) as well as in Rajasthan. Out of four different months (November, December, January and February) tested for spawning, the fastest mycelial run and pinhead initiation occurred in December and January months whereas, maximum B.E.% was observed in the month of December followed by November. Hence, it clearly indicates that the best suited time for cultivating King Oyster (Pleurotus eryngii) Mushroom is during winter months of the year.
SORBS2 As A Molecular Target For Atherosclerosis In Patients With Familial Hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Liu Ming-Ming , Peng Jia , Guo Yuan-Lin , Zhu Cheng-Gang , Wu Na-Qiong , Xu Rui-Xia , Dong Qian , Cui Chuan-Jue , Li Jian-Jun 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a metabolic disease in which patients are prone to develop premature atherosclerosis (AS). Sorbin and SH3 Domain Containing 2 (SORBS2) is known to play a role in coronary heart disease (CHD). However, the mechanism underlying SORBS2 involvement in the development of hypercholesterolemia remains unknown. Here, we investigated the effects of SORBS2 on inflammation and foam cell formation and its underlying mechanisms. Methods: Using Bioinformatics analysis, we established that SORBS2 is upregulated in patients with FH. Circulating concentrations of SORBS2 were measured using ELISA kit (n=30). The association between circulating SORBS2 levels and inflammatory factors or lipid indexes were conducted using Spearman correlation analysis. We further conducted in vitro experiments that the expression of SORBS2 were analyzed, and SORBS2 siRNA were transfected into Ox-LDL-induced macrophages, followed by western blot and immunofluorescence.Results: Circulating SORBS2 levels were positively associated with inflammatory factors and lipid indexes. We also observed that high in vitro expression of SORBS2 in oxidized LDL (Ox-LDL)-induced macrophages. After SORBS2 silencing, Nod like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 protein(NLRP3)-Caspase1 activation and NF-κB activation were attenuated, and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-18) was decreased. Moreover, SORBS2 silencing blocked reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and lipid accumulation, and promoted cholesterol efflux through ABCG1-PPARγ pathway. Conclusions: SORBS2 regulates lipid-induced inflammation and foam cell formation, and is a potential therapeutic target for hypercholesterolemia.
Impact of Temperature Changes to the Adhesion Strength of Molar Tubes: an in Vitro Study
Authors: Palesik Benedikta , Šileikytė Kotryna , Griškevičius Julius , Stonkus Rimantas , Šidlauskas Antanas , Lopatienė Kristina 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: The main purpose of this was to determine study adhesion strength of molar tubes bonding with a composite adhesive after exposure to a sudden change in temperature (thermal cycles).Methods: The study sample consisted of 40 recently extracted human first permanent molars, which were randomly divided into two groups of 20: group 1 was the experimental group (affected by thermal cycles), and group 2 was the control group. Molar tubes were bonded with a light-cure tube adhesive. The experimental group teeth were dipped 2,000 times in saline at 5oC and at 55oC. The control group were immersed in 37oC saline. Molar tubes for both groups were removed with an adapted Mecmesim Multitesters 2.5 - I, and the data were recorded with EMPEROR software. ANOVA was used to calculate and compare the results. Results: In the experimental group of the teeth, the maximum force was obtained at 94.2 N and the lowest force was 19.69 N. In the control group of the teeth, the maximum force was obtained at 159.1N and the lowest force was 28.1N. In the experimental group, the mean debonding force (59.12 N) was statically significantly smaller than in the control group (79.88N), p=0.0345. The forces in the control group were by 1.35 times greater than those in the experimental group.Conclusions: The forces of the adhesion of molar tubes to the tooth surface were reduced after exposure to a sudden change in temperature (thermal cycles). The results were significantly different between the experimental group and the control group.
Lamprey immune protein triggers the ferroptosis pathway during zebrafish embryonic development
Authors: Pang Yue , Du Zeyu , Zhang Duo , Li Jun , Li Qingwei 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Previously, a novel lamprey immune protein (LIP) was identified, which plays an important role in immunity and in the regulation of growth and development in lampreys. However, the mechanism through which LIP regulates growth and development remains unclear. Methods: Here, a zebrafish model of LIP overexpression was established through the delivery of a transgenic plasmid to the fertilized egg. The biological function of LIP was explored in vivo through phenotypic characteristics, comparative transcriptome sequencing, and physiological and biochemical analyses. Results: LIP caused developmental toxicity in zebrafish, increasing embryo mortality and exhibiting strong teratogenic, lethal, and developmental inhibitory effects. Comparative transcriptome analysis showed that LIP-induced large-scale cell death by triggering the ferroptosis pathway. Furthermore, LIP-induced lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis trigger pericardial edema. Direct inhibition of acsl4a and tfr1a, or silencing of acsl4a and tfr1a with specific siRNA suppressed ferroptosis and pericardial edema. Conclusions: Taken together, we confirmed that LIP can participate in growth and development via the regulation of lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis. This lays the foundation for future studies on the function of LIP in lampreys.
Impact of Omitting Fluorouracil From FOLFIRI Plus Bevacizumab as Second-line Chemotherapy for Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Matsubara Yuki , Masuishi Toshiki , Ogata Takatsugu , Nakazawa Taiko , Kato Kyoko , Nozawa Kazuki , Narita Yukiya , Honda Kazunori , Bando Hideaki , Taniguchi Hiroya , Kadowaki Shigenori , Ando Masashi , Tajika Masahiro , Muro Kei 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
PurposeFluorouracil, leucovorin, and irinotecan (FOLFIRI) plus bevacizumab is the standard second-line chemotherapy for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) who are refractory or intolerant to fluoropyrimidines and oxaliplatin. However, the benefits of incorporating fluoropyrimidines into second-line chemotherapy for patients with mCRC who are refractory to fluoropyrimidines in first-line chemotherapy are unknown.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated patients with mCRC who were administered irinotecan plus bevacizumab or FOLFIRI plus bevacizumab as second-line chemotherapy at a single institution from January 2010 to April 2020. We compared the efficacy and safety of irinotecan plus bevacizumab (IRI group) with those of FOLFIRI plus bevacizumab (FOLFIRI group).ResultsOf the 255 enrolled patients, 107 (IRI/FOLFIRI group, 31/76 patients) were eligible for analysis. After a median follow-up of 13.1 months (range, 1.2–48.4) and 14.3 months (range, 0.9–46.5) for the IRI and FOLFIRI groups, respectively, the median progression-free survival was 6.4 months and 5.8 months [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR), 0.82; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.50–1.34, p=0.44] and the median overall survival was 16.6 months and 16.5 months (aHR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.59–1.69; p=0.97) in the IRI and FOLFIRI groups, respectively. All grade nausea, vomiting, decreased appetite, stomatitis, hand-foot syndrome, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, increased creatinine, Grade 3/4 neutropenia, and febrile neutropenia occurred more frequently in the FOLFIRI group than in the IRI group.ConclusionOmitting fluorouracil from FOLFIRI plus bevacizumab as second-line chemotherapy may reduce adverse events without affecting antitumor activity in patients with mCRC who are refractory to fluoropyrimidines.
An incidental finding of metastatic gastric cancer to the appendix during diagnostic laparoscopy. A case report and review of the literature.
Authors: Lovell Janaka , Cox Aram , Harris Helen , Whitcher Simon 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Gastric cancer is the 6th most common cancer and is a leading cause of death worldwide. Metastases to the appendix is a rare clinical entity of gastric cancer and only 10 cases are reported in the literature to date. Methods / Results: We present a case of a 74 year-old female who underwent a diagnostic laparoscopy prior to a planned gastric cancer resection for a gastric adenocarcinoma. The appendix was incidentally noted to be macroscopically abnormal during the procedure and was subsequently resected. This was found to contain a metastatic deposit of gastric adenocarcinoma. This resulted in an upstaging of the patient’s cancer and, systemic treatment became the management of choice. Conclusion: This case highlights the importance of diagnostic laparoscopy as part of staging in gastric cancer and underscores the need for a thorough examination, as appendiceal metastasis can be easily missed if not specifically assessed for or not found on work-up imaging.
Upregulation of Ferroptosis-Related Fanconi Anemia Group D2 is a Poor Prognostic Factor and Indicator of Tumor Immune Cell Infiltration in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhang Jingtao , Wang Dongli , Chen Xiubao , Yu Minmin , Guo Minghao , Zhang Dexin , Chen Weida , Xu Fei 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Fanconi anemia (FA) group D2 (FANCD2) is a ferroptosis-related gene crucial for DNA damage repair and negatively regulates ferroptosis. Our study aimed to evaluate its prognostic value as well as its association with ferroptosis and immune infiltration in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Methods: Transcriptome sequencing data and clinical information, three independent cohorts, as well as immunohistochemistry, were collected from the TCGA, GEO, and HPA databases, respectively. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to assess the correlations between FANCD2 expression and overall survival or clinicopathological parameters. cBioPortal was utilized to investigate the FANCD2 alteration status. Gene and protein networks based on FANCD2 interactions were generated using GeneMANIA and STRING, respectively. Based on the CancerSEA database, the function of FANCD2 was explored at the single-cell level. The relationships between FANCD2 expression levels and tumor-infiltrating immune cells and their equivalent gene signatures were analyzed by TIMER, GEPIA, TISIDB, and ssGSEA databases. CIBERSORT was used to analyze the relevance of the infiltration of 24 types of immune cells. Results: The results revealed that FANCD2 expression was significantly upregulated in LUAD and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) tissues than in normal tissues. Further, the overexpression of FANCD2 was closely associated with poor survival for LUAD patients but not for LUSC patients. FANCD2 expression levels were related to tumor-infiltrating immune cells and their matching gene signatures, including CD8+ T cells, NK cells, DC cells, and Th2 cells in cases of LUAD. Conclusion: FANCD2 was identified as a crucial molecule underlying the synergistic effects of ferroptosis and immunotherapy for LUAD patients.
ACL reconstruction with femoral and tibial adjustable- versus fixed-loop suspensory fixation: A retrospective cohort study.
Authors: Schützenberger Sebastian , Keller Florian , Grabner Sebastian , Kontic Danijel , Schallmayer Daniel , Komjati Micha , Fialka Christian 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Cortical suspensory fixation (CSF) devices gain more and more popularity as a reliable alternative to interference screws for graft fixation in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Adjustable-loop fixation may be associated with increased anterior laxity and inferior clinical outcome. The purpose of the study was to compare anterior laxity and clinical outcome after minimally invasive all-inside ACL reconstruction using an adjustable-loop (AL) to a standard technique with a fixed-loop (FL) CSF device.Methods: Patients who underwent primary single-bundle ACL reconstruction with a quadrupled hamstring autograft at a single institution between 2012 and 2016 were reviewed. In the AL group minimally invasive popliteal tendon harvesting was performed with an all-inside approach (femoral and tibial sockets). In the FL group a traditional anteromedial approach was used for tendon harvesting and a femoral socket and full tibial tunnel were drilled. An objective clinical assessment was performed with Telos x-rays and the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) Objective Score. Patient-reported outcomes (PRO) included the IKDC Subjective Score, the Lysholm Knee Score, the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Score (KOOS) and the Tegner Activity Scale.Results: A total of 67 patients were enrolled in this retrospective study with a mean follow-up of 4 (± 1.5) years. The groups were homogenous at baseline regarding age, gender, and the time to surgery. At follow-up, no statistically significant differences were found regarding anterior laxity (AL: 2.3 ± 3 mm vs. FL: 2.3 ± 2.6 mm, p=0.981). PRO scores were comparable between the AL and FL groups (IKDC score, 84.8 vs 88.8, p=0.185; Lysholm 87.3 vs 89.9, p=0.380; KOOS 90.7 vs 91.4, p=0.720; Tegner 5.5 vs 6.2, p=0.085). The rate of saphenous nerve lesions was significantly lower in the AL group with popliteal harvesting of the tendon (8.3% vs 35.5%, p=0.014).Conclusion: The use of an adjustable-loop device on the femoral and tibial side led to similar stability and clinical results compared to a fixed-loop device.
Maternal and perinatal outcomes in pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 infection: a retrospective observational study
Authors: gorosabel Carmen lopez , Maria Soto-Sanchez Eva , Belen Ibañez-Santamaria Ana , Beatriz Sanchez Estevez , Jose Hernandez-Aguado Juan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Objectives

The aim of our study is to present the impact on maternal and perinatal outcomes of the COVID pandemic in our patients.
Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of all pregnant women from March to December 2020 in Infanta Leonor Universitary Hospital, in Madrid. Infected women during the 3rd trimester of pregnancy or at delivery time with SARS-CoV2 diagnosis composed infected group, and non-infected women with SARS-CoV2 composed non-infected group. The infection status was determined via RT-PCR of nasopharyngeal swab specimen.
Results

1262 non-infected pregnant women and 86 SARS-CoV2 positive pregnant women were admitted to our clinic during the study period. Within the group of infected pregnant women, they were 49 cases (56.98%) symptomatic and 37 cases (43.02%) asymptomatic. In the group of symptomatic infected women, the majority were mild cases (80.23%). In the group of uninfected pregnant women, the main complication was gestational diabetes 14 (1.09%) We did not find any complications during pregnancy in case group. Cesarean section was performed in 16.67% of the infected pregnant women and in 21.71% of the control group. Mean neonatal birth weight was 3.240 g in case group and 3.210 g in non-infected group. Neonatal admission to NICU was 9.52% in cases while in the control group was 1.19%.
Conclusion

Infection does not worsen the prognosis of pregnancy in terms of low birth weight of the newborn, but is associated with a greater increase in neonatal admission in NICU.
On-site evaluation of pancreatic lessions according to Papanicolaou Society of Pancreatobiliary Cytology, how can it contribute to diagnostic accuracy?
Authors: Guvendir Irem , Zemheri Itir Ebru , Ozdil Kamil 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: The use of ROSE in EUS-FNA pancreatic lesions is still controversial in many centers. In this study, we aimed to demonstrate the diagnostic accuracy of ROSE and its contribution to the diagnostic accuracy, as well as its assistance to the pathologist/cytopathologist.Methods: 162 EUS-FNA biopsies were included in the study. EUS-FNA cytology results were reported according to the six-tiered system of Papanicolaou Cytopathology Society and compared to their final diagnosis with histopathology and/or clinical follow-ups regarding malignancy. In ROSE and non-ROSE patients, diagnostic ability , the difference in diagnostic accuracy, and its contribution to providing the pathologist with sufficient amount of tissue acquisition (number of slides and cell blocks) for later examination were compared.Results: In the non-ROSE group, the diagnostic accuracy according to the final diagnoses was 96% and the sensitivity was 94.44%, specificity 100%, PPV 100%, NPV 87.50%; while diagnostic accuracy was 97.09%, sensitivity 97.47%, specificity 95.83%, PPV 98.77%, NPV 92% in patients with ROSE. There was no significant difference in diagnostic accuracy between those with and without ROSE (p:0.078). In diagnostic cases, the number of passes, slides and cell blocks were significantly higher in patients with ROSE than those without ROSE (p:0.003, p:0.007, p:0.012, respectively). ROSE was independently associated with diagnostic ability when evaluated by number of passes, slides, cell blocks in regression analysis (p:0.001, OR:5.07, confidence interval: 1.89-13.5). If the lesion is solid or contains a solid component, cytological corcordance with final diagnosis is higher than cystic ones (p<0.001).Conclusion: ROSE may increase the acquisition of sufficient tissue, but it does not have an advantage in diagnostic accuracy. ROSE may raise the number of required slides, which may benefit the pathologist in making the diagnosis. If the lesion is solid and/or contains a solid component, the success of obtaining a diagnostic ability is higher in patients with ROSE than in those without. Therefore, ROSE still maintains its applicability in terms of making the final diagnosis to the patient and increasing the diagnostic efficiency.