bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PARENTAL TIME INVESTMENT AND INTERGENERATIONAL MOBILITY
Authors: Yum Minchul 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis article constructs an overlapping generations general equilibrium model to explore the extent to which heterogeneity in time investment shapes intergenerational mobility of lifetime income. The calibrated model successfully accounts for untargeted distributional aspects of income mobility. Counterfactual exercises show that removing heterogeneity in parental time investment reduces intergenerational persistence by around 7–8% for early childhood but only marginally in later childhood. Policy experiments find that an asset‐tested subsidy for parental monetary investments in early childhood can raise intergenerational mobility in a cost‐effective way, though it reduces mobility substantially if given to parents with older school‐aged children.
Application of fresh beef tumbling to enhance tenderness and proteolysis of cull cow beef loins (M. longissimus lumborum)
Authors: Nondorf Mariah J. , Romanyk Madison , Lemenager Ronald P. , Koranne Vishvesh , Malshe Ajay , Kim Yuan H. Brad 
Published: July 2022

SummaryThis study investigated the effect of fresh beef tumbling and postmortem ageing on the quality and proteolysis of loins from cull cows. Loins (M. longissimus lumborum) from twelve carcasses (Holstein breed, fat utility, >30 months) were obtained at 5d postmortem, sectioned, and assigned to three treatments (NT, T: tumbled, and TS: tumbled with spike mat). The beef sections were cut into halves and assigned to ageing treatments (0d or 14d). No significant tumbling impacts were found on instrumental tenderness, proteolysis (desmin and troponin‐T degradation and myofibrillar fragmentation) of cull cow beef loins. Tumbling did not affect the initial purge, drip or thaw loss of beef samples (P > 0.05), while TS induced higher moisture losses compared with NT (P < 0.05). Significant interactions between tumbling and ageing treatments were found, where consumer panel determined higher tenderness liking and overall liking of tumbled beef loins (T and TS) compared to NT without further ageing. However, after additional 2 weeks of ageing, no differences between treatments were observed in those sensory attributes (P > 0.05). These results indicate that fresh beef tumbling could be an effective, simple and natural method to improve tenderness of cull cow beef loins.
The structural characteristic of bamboo shoot shell polysaccharides extracted using ultrasound‐assisted phosphotungstic acid hydrolysis and its protection against cell oxidative injury
Authors: Dai Jing , Xiao Zhuqian , Li Jiajie , Ge Qing , Wang Hongpeng , Sha Ruyi , Mao Jianwei 
Published: July 2022

SummaryIn this study, crude polysaccharide (BSSP) was extracted from bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) shoot shell using the ultrasonic‐assisted phosphotungstic acid hydrolysis method. Then, BSSP was further fractionated by DEAE Sepharose fast flow column and serial NaCl solution elutions to obtain two fractions, BSSP‐A and BSSP‐B. The results showed that the maximum yield of BSSP was 195.2 mg g−1 (19.52%) under optimised conditions. Structural analysis indicated that both BSSP‐A and BSSP‐B were heteropolysaccharides with α‐pyranoside bond structure and mainly consisted of xylose by scanning electronic microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, thermal characterisation and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. BSSP‐B showed a better protective effect than BSSP‐A against H2O2‐induced oxidative injury in WRL‐68 cells by protecting the cell membrane structure, maintaining mitochondrial membrane potential and increasing intracellular antioxidant enzymes activities. Immunoblotting indicated that polysaccharides might up‐regulate the expression of antioxidant enzymes through the Keap1/Nrf2 signalling pathway and thus alleviate H2O2‐induced cell injury. The findings of this study suggested that polysaccharides from bamboo shoot shell may act as potent antioxidants in functional food industries.
Conversion of borate glass microspheres to hollow biphasic calcium phosphate ceramic microspheres for bone defects
Authors: Shen Youqu , Semon Julie A. , Brow Richard K. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHollow biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) microspheres with different fractions of nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite (HA) and β‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP) were prepared, and their in vitro and in vivo reactivity were assessed. The microspheres were prepared by reacting soluble borate glass microspheres in phosphate solutions (0.1‐ or 0.25‐M K2HPO4) with different values of pH (7–12) to produce hollow calcium‐deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA) microspheres with Ca/P ratios that increased with solution pH. Heating the hollow CDHA microspheres to 800°C produced hollow, nanoporous BCP microspheres with ratios of nanocrystalline HA and β‐TCP that correspond to the Ca/P ratio of the CDHA precursors. Hollow BCP microspheres with a greater fraction of β‐TCP released calcium ions most quickly in a K‐acetate acidic buffer solution, consistent with their greater bioactivity in the in vivo tests. CDHA and BCP microspheres converted to nanocrystalline carbonated HA when immersed in 37°C simulated body fluid. Hollow CDHA and BCP microspheres were implanted in rat calvarial defects, and after 8 weeks, the BCP microspheres with a β‐TCP/HA ratio of 70/30 (by weight) promoted a greater fraction of new bone formation (33% ± 7%) compared to BCP microspheres with a β‐TCP/HA ratio of 44/56 (20% ± 9%) and compared to the respective CDHA precursor microspheres (17% ± 4%, 17% ± 5%). Bone formation was not observed in the subcutaneous implants of any types of these hollow microspheres, after 8 and 12 weeks, and the more reactive BCP microspheres (β‐TCP/HA = 70/30) were associated with significantly more blood vessel formation in the subcutaneous implants. These results indicate that the properties of hollow BCP microspheres can be tailored by their processing conditions and are useful as scaffold materials for tissue regeneration.
Transcriptome analysis of Micrococcus luteus in response to treatment with protocatechuic acid
Authors: Tian Lu , Wu Mi , Li Hui , Gong Guoli 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Aim
To reveal the antibacterial mechanism of protocatechuic acid (PCA) against Micrococcus luteus.

Methods and Results
M. luteus was exposed to PCA, and the antibacterial mechanism was revealed by measuring membrane potential, intracellular ATP and pH levels and transcriptome analysis. PCA induced the membrane potential depolarization of M. luteus, significantly decreased the intracellular ATP and pH levels of M. luteus and disrupted the integrity of the M. luteus cell membrane. Transcriptome analysis showed that PCA induced 782 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of M. luteus. GO enrichment analysis revealed that the majority of DEGs are involved in pathways of metabolic process, cellular process, biological regulation and transport activity. In addition, PCA inhibited the growth of M. luteus in skimmed milk and extended the shelf life of skimmed milk.

Conclusion
PCA had good bactericidal activity against M. luteus through the mechanism of cell membrane disruption and metabolic process disorder.

Significance and Impact of the Study
PCA inhibits the growth of M. luteus in skimmed milk, suggesting that PCA is promising to be used as a novel preservative in food storage.
Genetic parameters of immune traits for Landrace and Large White pig breeds
Authors: Roth Katharina , Pröll‐Cornelissen Maren Julia , Heuß Esther Maren , Dauben Christina Mechthilde , Henne Hubert , Appel Anne Kathrin , Schellander Karl , Tholen Ernst , Große‐Brinkhaus Christine 
Published: July 2022

AbstractImproving the immunocompetence towards pathogens represents a desirable objective of breeding strategies to increase resilience. However, the immune system is complex and the genetic foundation of the underlying components is not yet clarified. In the present study, we focused on 22 blood parameters of 1,144 Landrace (LR) and Large White (LW) piglets at the age of 6–7 weeks. The immune profiles covered immune cells, red blood cell characteristics and cytokines. Genetic parameters based on pedigree information along with possible environmental effects were estimated. Litter effects play an important role in the expression of immune parameters of their young progenies. Hence, litter impacts on the piglet's immune profile including the immune parameters of the dam itself were investigated by different models. To incorporate the complexity of the immune network, the data were further investigated with a principal component analysis. Immune traits showed low to high breed‐specific heritabilities (h2). Strong positive rg were estimated among red blood cell characteristics (0.77–0.99) and among cytokines (0.48–0.99). Neutrophils and lymphocytes illustrated a high negative rg (−0.96 to −0.98). The litter impact on piglet's immunity was examined and strengthened already observed breed differences. In LR, h2 (0.22–0.15) and litter effect (c2) (0.52–0.44) for IFN‐γ decreased after statistical consideration of maternal impact. In LW, a decrease in h2 (0.32–0.18) for IFN‐γ and an increase in c2 (0.54–0.56) were observed. Here, sufficient correlations were detected within various immune traits and functional biological networks of principal components. Most immune traits are heritable and are promising to cover global breed‐specific immunocompetence in pigs. The analysis of immune traits has to be extended in order to find an optimal range and to characterize relationships between immunity and performance to gain an improved immune system without accidental losses in productivity.
Information or Accountability? A Research Agenda on European Commissioners in National Parliaments
Authors: Crum Ben , Oleart Alvaro 
Published: July 2022

AbstractResearch on national parliaments in the EU has greatly expanded since the Treaty of Lisbon fully recognized their role in providing democratic legitimacy for EU decision‐making. However, the direct interaction between national parliaments and the European Commission has received little academic attention. This research note seeks to frame a research agenda that explores whether, and under which conditions, the Commission visits to national parliaments have the potential to develop from sites for inter‐institutional exchange of information to arenas for cross‐level accountability. We lay out a framework to capture the relation between national parliaments and the Commission based on three kinds of indicators: the formal set‐up, logic of interaction, and public communication. We illustrate the kind of evidence and range of variation that this agenda may unearth by applying this framework in an exploratory analysis of Trade Commissioner Malmström's visits to seven national parliaments in the EU.
Shame anxiety, stigma and clinical encounters
Authors: Dolezal Luna 
Published: July 2022

AbstractStigma has been associated with delays in seeking treatment, avoiding clinical encounters, prolonged risk of transmission, poor adherence to treatment, mental distress, mental ill health and an increased risk of the recurrence of health problems, among many other factors that negatively impact on health outcomes. While the burdens and consequences of stigma have long been recognized in the health literature, there remains some ambiguity about how stigma is experienced by individuals who live with it. The aim of this paper is to elucidate the phenomenology of stigma, or to describe how it is that stigma shows up in the first‐person experience of individuals who live with stigma and its burdens. Exploring the relationship between shame and stigma, I argue that shame anxiety, or the chronic anticipation of shame, best characterises the experience of living with a health‐related, or health‐relevant, stigma. Understanding the experiential features, or phenomenology, of shame anxiety will give healthcare professionals a greater sensitivity to stigma and its impacts in clinical settings and encounters. I will conclude by suggesting that ‘shame‐sensitive’ practice would be beneficial in healthcare.
Effect of inulin and whey protein concentrate on the physicochemical properties and shelf life of reduced‐fat cream puffs
Authors: Onsri Narudee , Hudthagosol Chatrapa , Sanporkha Promluck 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study used inulin at 20, 35, and 50% and whey protein concentrate (WPC) at 5, 10, and 15% in crust (CPC) and filling (CPF) of cream puffs. Addition of inulin and WPC significantly decreased the viscosity and specific volume. Using inulin at 20% retained a defined structure of CPC. In sensory evaluation, 20% inulin and 10% WPC formula received the highest scores of appearance and taste among the formulas. For CPF, too high viscosity was found in treatment using inulin at 35 and 50%. The panelists rated the 20% inulin and 5% WPC highest in texture, taste, odor, and overall acceptability. Thus, developed formula could reduce total energy from fat and increase 90% of dietary fiber and 19% of protein. Inulin and WPC were successfully used as fat replacers to extend shelf life of the storage times from 9 to 13 days while passing the microbiological standard.Novelty impact statement

Inulin and WPC could be used to replace fat in cream puff products.

Inulin and WPC could extend the shelf life of cream puff products in terms of microbiological and sensory properties.

Increasing WPC content more than 10% in filling formulation added undesirable sensory characteristics.
Agronomical selection on loss‐of‐function of GIGANTEA simultaneously facilitates soybean salt tolerance and early maturity
Authors: Dong Lidong , Hou Zhihong , Li Haiyang , Li Zhaobo , Fang Chao , Kong Lingping , Li Yongli , Du Hao , Li Tai , Wang Lingshuang , He Milan , Zhao Xiaohui , Cheng Qun , Kong Fanjiang , Liu Baohui 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTSalt stress and flowering time are major factors limiting geographic adaptation and yield productivity in soybean (Glycine max). Although improving crop salt tolerance and latitude adaptation are essential for efficient agricultural production, whether and how these two traits are integrated remains largely unknown. Here, we used a genome‐wide association study to identify a major salt‐tolerance locus controlled by E2, an ortholog of Arabidopsis thaliana GIGANTEA (GI). Loss of E2 function not only shortened flowering time and maturity, but also enhanced salt‐tolerance in soybean. E2 delayed soybean flowering by enhancing the transcription of the core flowering suppressor gene E1, thereby repressing Flowering Locus T (FT) expression. An E2 knockout mutant e2CR displayed reduced accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during the response to salt stress by releasing peroxidase, which functions in ROS scavenging to avoid cytotoxicity. Evolutionary and population genetic analyses also suggested that loss‐of‐function e2 alleles have been artificially selected during breeding for soybean adaptation to high‐latitude regions with greater salt stress. Our findings provide insights into the coupled selection for adaptation to both latitude and salt stress in soybean; and offer an ideal target for molecular breeding of early‐maturing and salt‐tolerant cultivars.
HTLP metamorphism and fluid‐fluxed melting during multistage anatexis of continental crust (N Sardinia, Italy)
Authors: Casini Leonardo , Maino Matteo , Langone Antonio , Oggiano Giacomo , Corvò Stefania , Estrada Joan Reche , Liesa Montserrat 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe Variscan high‐grade metamorphic basement of northern Sardinia and southern Corsica record lower Carboniferous anatexis related to post‐collisional decompression of the orogen. Migmatites exposed in the Punta Bianca locality (Italy) consist of quartz + biotite + plagioclase + K‐feldspar orthogneisses, garnet and cordierite‐bearing diatexite and metatexites, derived from metasediments. Field evidence, petrographic observations, ELA‐ICP‐MS zircon and monazite dating and pseudosection modelling suggest that anatexis was apparently episodic involving two main stages of partial melting. Using pseudosection modelling, we infer that the first stage of partial melting is in the upper amphibolite facies (~0.45 GPa at ~740°C). Cordierite overgrowths replacing sillimanite, combined with the composition of plagioclase and K‐feldspar, suggest decompression followed cooling below the solidus at low pressures of ~0.3 GPa. The age of the first anatectic event is not precisely constrained because of extensive resetting of the isotopic systems during the second melting stage, yet few zircons preserve a lower Carboniferous age which is consistent with the regional dataset. This lower Carboniferous migmatitic fabric is offset by a network of pseudotachylyte‐bearing faults suggestive of cooling to greenschist facies conditions. Garnet/cordierite‐bearing diatexites incorporate fragments of pseudotachylite‐bearing orthogneiss and metatexites. Pseudosection modelling indicates nearly isobaric re‐heating up to ~750°C, followed by further cooling below the solidus. The inferred P–T path is consistent with decompression and cooling of the Variscan crust through post‐collisional extension and collapse of the thickened orogenic crust, followed by nearly isobaric re‐heating at low pressures (~0.3 GPa) yielding to a second melting stage under LP‐HT conditions. U/Th‐Pb monazite ages for diatexite migmatites indicate an upper bound of 310–316 Ma for the second melting stage, suggesting that the second melting stage is coincident with the regional phase of crustal shearing. The cause of the high geothermal gradient required for re‐heating during the second melting stage is unknown but likely requires some heat source that was probably related to dissipation of mechanical work within crustal‐scale shear zones. According to this interpretation, some upper Carboniferous peraluminous granite precursors of the Corsica–Sardinia Batholith could be the outcome rather than the cause of the late‐Variscan high‐T metamorphism.
Involvement of high‐mobility group box‐1 and Dermoscopy in diagnosis of psoriasis severity
Authors: Mohamad Noha Ezzat , Hashem Noha , Eltahlawy Samar , Gomaa Enas 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesThe diagnosis of psoriasis is usually established on clinical grounds but there is lacking of such diagnostic tools to stratify its severity. Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease of skin, nails, and joints. Dermoscopy represent a novel diagnostic tool to diagnose and assess psoriasis severity. The main purpose of this study is to assess the value of dermoscopy associated with serum level of high‐mobility group box‐1 level (HMGB‐1) in the diagnosis and stratification of psoriasis severity.MethodsThis study included 60 Egyptians subdivided into two equal groups, psoriatic patients, and controls. All patients were subjected first to dermoscopic examination, and then we evaluated the serum levels of HMGB‐1 among all studied groups.ResultsThe level of HMGB‐1 increased in psoriatic patients than controls. There was significant difference between patients and controls in the serum levels of HMGB ‐1. There were also a positive significant correlation between HMGB‐1 and different stages of disease severity. There were also significant correlations between HMGB‐1 and specific dermoscopic findings like vascular pattern and vascular number, erythema grades as well as types of scales (Fine, coarse) and (Fine, thick).ConclusionsDermoscopy and HMGB‐1 can be considered as a combined novel diagnostic tool for psoriasis severity.
PGC‐1α attenuates TNF‐α‐induced inflammatory responses in OCCM‐30 cells
Authors: Fu Yihui , Du Mingyuan , Cao Zhengguo , He Hong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesPeroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ coactivator (PGC)‐1α, a master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative metabolism, has been associated with many inflammatory diseases. However, little is known about the function and mechanism of PGC‐1α in cementoblasts under periodontitis. Our study aimed to investigate the effects of PGC‐1α in immortalized cementoblast cell line OCCM‐30 under TNF‐α stimulation.Materials and MethodsOCCM‐30 cells were cultured and exposed to TNF‐α, and PGC‐1α expression was assessed by Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) and western blotting. Chemical inhibitors targeting various signaling pathways including NF‐κB, p38 MAPK, Akt, and p53 were used to identify the regulatory mechanism involved. ZLN005 was used to upregulate PGC‐1α and the subsequent alteration of inflammatory cytokines expression under TNF‐α stimulation were examined by qRT‐PCR and Elisa. PGC‐1α siRNA was employed to further verify the role of PGC‐1α in inflammatory response. Dual‐reporter gene assays were performed to examine the transcriptional activity of p65, and the phosphorylation level of p65 was evaluated by western blotting. Immunofluorescence assays and nuclear and cytoplasmic extractions were performed to check the nuclear translocation of p65. Coimmunoprecipitation studies were also performed to check whether there is direct binding between p65 and PGC‐1α.ResultsTNF‐α suppressed PGC‐1α expression in OCCM‐30 cells. Blocking p38 MAPK pathways restored the expression of PGC‐1α. ZLN005 can upregulate PGC‐1α in OCCM‐30 cells. The upregulation of PGC‐1α by ZLN005 inhibited TNF‐α‐induced proinflammatory cytokine expression, which was impaired by the transfection of PGC‐1α siRNA. Knocking down PGC‐1α also partially restored the ZLN005‐decreased transcriptional activity of p65. However, the phosphorylation level and nuclear translocation of p65 were not significantly affected by PGC‐1α. It was found that p65 was bound to PGC‐1α in OCCM‐30 cells stimulated by TNF‐α, and the binding was increased upon ZLN005 treatment.ConclusionsPGC‐1α can attenuate TNF‐α‐induced inflammatory responses in OCCM‐30 cells.
FBXW7 affects autophagy through MCL1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Sun Yang , Nie Wei , Qiu Bo , Yang Qi , Zhao Huanhuan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundOral cancer is associated with high risk of morbidity and mortality. However, effective treatment for oral cancer is urgently required in clinics. In this study, we aimed to determine whether F‐box/WD repeat‐containing protein 7 (FBXW7), an essential tumor suppressor gene, can regulate autophagy and improve the prognosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).MethodsmRNA levels of FBXW7 and myeloid cell leukemia 1 (MCL‐1) in OSCC tissues and adjacent normal tissues were measured by qRT‐PCR. FBXW7 and MCL‐1 were overexpressed in OSCC cell line using lentivirus containing FBXW7 and MCL‐1, respectively. Protein expression was determined by Western blot.ResultsThe mRNA and protein levels of FBXW7 were decreased in patients with OSCC, whereas the mRNA and protein levels of MCL‐1 were increased. Moreover, the mRNA coding for autophagy proteins was reduced in patients with OSCC. Additionally, it was found that overexpression of FBXW7 significantly reduced MCL‐1 expression and upregulated autophagy‐related proteins, including Beclin1, autophagy related 7, and microtubule‐associated protein light chain 3.ConclusionOur results suggest that FBXW7 affects autophagy through MCL1 in OSCC.