bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supply diversification under random yield: The impact of price postponement
Authors: Dong Lingxiu , Xiao Guang , Yang Nan 
Published: October 2022

Supply diversification and pricing are two common mechanisms for dealing with supply yield uncertainty. This paper characterizes a firm's pricing and sourcing decisions under supply yield uncertainty, and studies the interplay between the two mechanisms. We compare the optimal sourcing decisions under two distinct pricing schemes: (1) ex ante pricing—the firm simultaneously makes the sales price and sourcing decisions before production takes place; (2) responsive pricing—the pricing decision is postponed until after the production yield realization. Although the firm is better off with responsive pricing, the effect of price postponement on the optimal sourcing decision and the firm's need for supply diversification varies and is influenced by factors such as unit procurement cost, supply portfolio, and supply reliability. For the case of one unreliable supplier, we show that responsive pricing mitigates the overage and underage risks imposed by yield uncertainty, and results in a lower optimal order quantity than that under ex ante pricing when the procurement cost is low, and a higher quantity otherwise. For the case of two unreliable suppliers, we show that responsive pricing promotes supply diversification when the sole‐sourced supplier's reliability is low, and discourages when it is high. By contrast, when the sole‐sourced supplier's reliability is moderate, responsive pricing promotes supply diversification when its unit procurement cost is low and discourages otherwise. The composition of supply portfolio also has a fundamental impact on such strategic interplay: When the supply portfolio consists of one unreliable and one reliable supplier, diversified sourcing is never optimal under ex ante pricing, but may be optimal under responsive pricing. Thus, responsive pricing promotes dual sourcing in this setting. We also conduct comprehensive numerical experiments to both confirm the robustness of the main results and derive additional insights.
Infections following rejection therapies in kidney and liver transplant recipients
Authors: Gupta Simran , Gea‐Banacloche Juan , Me Hay‐Me , Chascsa David M. H. , Heilman Raymond L. , Budhiraja Pooja , Yaman Reena N. , Vikram Holenarasipur R. , Zhang Nan , Joseph Anna M. , Kodali Lavanya 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionInfections are known complications of solid‐organ transplant. Treatment for rejection may increase risk of infection. We aimed to study frequency of infection and identify the risk factors for infections in solid organ transplant (SOT) (liver and kidney) recipients treated for rejection.MethodsThis is a retrospective chart review of all liver and kidney transplant recipients treated for rejection at our institution from 2014 to 2020. We collected information on episodes of acute rejection in the first year of transplant and infections within 6 months following rejection treatment.ResultsWe identified 257 transplant patients treated for rejection. One hundred twelve (43.6%) developed infections, with a total of 226 infections. Urinary tracts infections were the most common, 72 (31.9%), followed by cytomegalovirus viremia in 37 (16.4%), bacteremia in 24 (10.6%), and BK virus in 14 (6.2%). Female sex (p = .047), elevated neutrophil count at rejection (p = .002), and increased number of rejection episodes (p = .022) were predictors of infection in kidney and simultaneous liver‐kidney recipients. No specific type of induction or rejection therapy was identified as a risk factor for infection, likely due to the prophylaxis protocols at our institution. Infection post rejection treatment was associated with higher graft loss (p = .021) and mortality (p = .031) in kidney transplant recipients.ConclusionsInfections are common complications after treatment of SOT rejection. Female gender, higher neutrophil at time of rejection, and increased numbers of rejection episodes were predictors of infections after rejection in simultaneous liver‐kidney and kidney transplant patients. Infections were predictors of graft loss at 6 months and mortality at any point in follow‐up in kidney transplant patients.
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Biological variation of biochemical analytes determined at 8‐week intervals for 1 year in clinically healthy cats
Authors: Smith Stephanie M. , Carney Patrick C. , Prieto Jennifer M. , Miller Meredith L. , Randolph John F. , Farace Giosi , Peterson Sarah , Bilbrough Graham , Peterson Mark E. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundBiological variation helps determine whether population‐based or subject‐based reference intervals are more appropriate to assess changes in serial analytical values. Previous studies have investigated the biological variation of biochemical analytes weekly or with variable frequency over 5‐14 weeks in cats, but none have considered biological variation at less frequent intervals over 1 year.ObjectivesWe aimed to evaluate the long‐term biological variation of 19 biochemical analytes in clinically healthy cats.MethodsA prospective, observational study in which 15 clinically healthy, client‐owned cats were sampled for serum biochemical analyses every 8 weeks for 1 year. Frozen serum samples were single‐batch analyzed. Restricted maximum likelihood estimation was used to determine the coefficients of variation (CV), describing variation within each cat, between cats, and the analytical variation. These CVs were used to determine the indices of individuality and reference change values (RCVs).ResultsAlbumin, alkaline phosphatase, creatine kinase, and globulin had high indices of individuality, indicating that they are best evaluated by RCVs. Phosphorus, potassium, chloride, sodium, symmetric dimethylarginine, and total CO2 had low indices of individuality, indicating that population‐based reference intervals are appropriate. Alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, blood urea nitrogen, calcium, cholesterol, creatinine, glucose, total bilirubin, and total protein had intermediate indices of individuality, indicating that RCVs may provide additional insight into the interpretation of analyte measurements beyond the population‐based reference intervals.ConclusionsFor many analytes, the biological variation detected was similar to that reported in prior studies. Clinicians should consider the biological variation of analytes to best interpret clinically relevant changes in serial analyte measurements.
Automated Digitization of Three-Dimensional Structures Using AprilTag and Solid Geometry-Library in matlab
Authors: Zhang Dingzhi , Pancheri Felix , Rehekampff Christoph , Sun Yilun , Lueth Tim C. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The rapid development of digitization and 3D printing is creating an ever-increasing demand for methods for the automated generation of 3D models from real components. Thanks to the progress and widespread use of computer vision, it is now possible to merge classical engineering tasks with image processing techniques. Computer-aided design can therefore be automated using information from image data. In this study, we present a novel method for automated digitization of 3D structures using AprilTag fiducial system and Solid Geometry Library. The proposed design process is implemented in matlab. AprilTags are used to realize 3D coordinate measurements to digitally capture the 3D dimensions of real components. Based on these data, 3D replica models are generated with the Solid Geometry Library toolbox, which enables the automated design of 3D surface models in matlab. The mathematical background of this procedure is described. The capability of the proposed method is demonstrated on 3D structures composed of components with fixed cross sections and fundamental 3D structures such as prisms, cylinders, and spheres. Further improvements in the coordinate measurement process using AprilTag and further implementation in matlab can extend the functionality for the digitization of more complex 3D structures.
Bubble Dynamics and Heat Transfer Characteristics of Flow Boiling in a Single Pentagonal Rib Channel
Authors: Zhou Zhenlin , Wang Shuang , He Jing , Ke Hanbing , Lin Mei , Wang Qiuwang 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Two-phase flow boiling is the preferred method for efficient heat dissipation in electronic equipment, so the bubble dynamics and heat transfer characteristics of flow boiling in a single pentagonal rib channel are numerically analyzed by the volume of fluid (VOF) model. Three typical rib structures are obtained, whose block ratios are 0.4, 0.75, and 0.25, and the corresponding length-diameter ratios are 1.72, 0.59, and 12.70, respectively. The Reynolds number is 14,000 and 28,000. The heat flux is set from 50 to 150 kW/m2. The results show that the starting position of the bubble is at the cone and sides of the rib, and its moving direction is related to the configuration of the rib, the heat flux, and fluid velocity. Additionally, the bubbles are shedding at the corner of the rib, and the short rib does not appear to be the vortex shedding phenomenon. The wall temperature and temperature fluctuation increase with the increase of heat flux and with the decrease of fluid velocity. The heat transfer coefficient decreases with the increase of heat flux and with the decrease of fluid velocity. The short rib channel has a higher heat transfer coefficient, approximately 14% and 50% higher than that of the median and long rib channels, respectively. Compared with the single-phase flow, the main frequency of the lift coefficient increases with the increase of the fluid velocity while decreasing with the increase of heat flux. The main frequency of the median rib without harmonic signal keeps constant, and that for long rib decreases by 38%. The study of the instantaneous characteristics of bubble growth in pentagonal rib channels is instructive to the efficient heat dissipation in electronic equipment.
Shape Optimization for Temperature Regulation in Extrusion Dies Using Microstructures
Authors: Zwar Jacques , Elber Gershon , Elgeti Stefanie 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Plastic profile extrusion—a manufacturing process for continuous profiles with fixed cross section—requires a complex and iterative design process to prevent deformations and residual stresses in the final product. The central task is to ensure a uniform material velocity at the outlet. To this end, not only the geometry of the flow decisively influences the quality of the outflow but also the temperature profile along the flow channel wall. It is exactly here that this work contributes by presenting a novel design approach for extrusion dies that will allow for optimal temperature profiles. The core of this approach is the composition of the extrusion die through microstructures. The optimal shape and distribution of these microstructures is determined via shape optimization. The corresponding optimization procedure is the main topic of this article. Special emphasis is placed on the definition of a suitable, low-dimensional shape parameterization. The proposed design-framework is then applied to two numerical test cases with varying complexity.
Comprehensive Verification and Validation of a CFD Analysis
Authors: Amaral Tiago , Rentschler Manuel , Vaz Guilherme , Baltazar João 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Wave energy converters (WECs) are designed to operate near the resonance region, being excited at or close to its natural frequencies. Therefore, they are strongly affected by the interaction with waves, motion and mooring restraints. Floating WECs, such as point absorbers, present small dimensions in relation to the wave length, being typically subjected to large amplitude motions. An oscillating floating vertical cylinder is a simple representative geometry of WECs and component of many different floating structures. Over the past years it has been addressed in multiple studies revealing several difficulties.
The pitch and heave free decay responses of a floating vertical cylinder will be studied throughout this paper. The present case was based on an experiment and subject of different CFD validation studies. Both have found significant discrepancies regarding the damping and natural period of the system, specially for the pitch motion. Throughout this work a rigorous verification study was performed, with special focus on the iterative convergence and discretisation errors relative to the hydrodynamic damping coefficients. Moreover, the main phenomena contributing to the hydrodynamic damping of the system were identified. Furthermore, the results were further compared with an experimental investigation.
Induction of Hypoxic Response in Caco-2 Cells Promote the Expression of Genes Involved in SARS-CoV-2 Endocytosis and Transcytosis
Authors: Nersisyan S. A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In the present manuscript we analyzed the influence of hypoxic response in Caco-2 cells on the expression of genes and miRNAs involved in the mechanisms of intracellular transport of SARS-CoV-2 viral particles, especially endocytosis and transcytosis. With the use of RNA sequencing of Caco-2 cells treated with hypoxia-inducing oxyquinoline derivative, we showed two-fold increase in the expression of the main SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2. Expression of the non-canonical receptor TFRC was also elevated. We also observed a significant increase in the expression levels of genes from the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor family, which play a crucial role in the transcytosis: LDLR, LRP1, LRP4, and LRP5. Upregulation of LDLR was coupled with the downregulation of hsa-miR-148a-3p, which can directly bind to LDLR mRNA. Thus, the hypoxic response in Caco-2 cells includes upregulation of genes involved in the mechanisms of endocytosis and transcytosis of SARS-CoV-2 viral particles.
Comparative risk of thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome or thromboembolic events associated with different covid-19 vaccines: international network cohort study from five European countries and the US
Authors: Li Xintong , Burn Edward , Duarte-Salles Talita , Yin Can , Reich Christian , Delmestri Antonella , Verhamme Katia , Rijnbeek Peter , Suchard Marc A , Li Kelly , Mosseveld Mees , John Luis H , Mayer Miguel-Angel , Ramirez-Anguita Juan-Manuel , Cohet Catherine , Strauss Victoria , Prieto-Alhambra Daniel 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Objective
To quantify the comparative risk of thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome or thromboembolic events associated with use of adenovirus based covid-19 vaccines versus mRNA based covid-19 vaccines.

Design
International network cohort study.

Setting
Routinely collected health data from contributing datasets in France, Germany, the Netherlands, Spain, the UK, and the US.

Participants
Adults (age ≥18 years) registered at any contributing database and who received at least one dose of a covid-19 vaccine (ChAdOx1-S (Oxford-AstraZeneca), BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech), mRNA-1273 (Moderna), or Ad26.COV2.S (Janssen/Johnson & Johnson)), from December 2020 to mid-2021.

Main outcome measures
Thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome or venous or arterial thromboembolic events within the 28 days after covid-19 vaccination. Incidence rate ratios were estimated after propensity scores matching and were calibrated using negative control outcomes. Estimates specific to the database were pooled by use of random effects meta-analyses.

Results
Overall, 1 332 719 of 3 829 822 first dose ChAdOx1-S recipients were matched to 2 124 339 of 2 149 679 BNT162b2 recipients from Germany and the UK. Additionally, 762 517 of 772 678 people receiving Ad26.COV2.S were matched to 2 851 976 of 7 606 693 receiving BNT162b2 in Germany, Spain, and the US. All 628 164 Ad26.COV2.S recipients from the US were matched to 2 230 157 of 3 923 371 mRNA-1273 recipients. A total of 862 thrombocytopenia events were observed in the matched first dose ChAdOx1-S recipients from Germany and the UK, and 520 events after a first dose of BNT162b2. Comparing ChAdOx1-S with a first dose of BNT162b2 revealed an increased risk of thrombocytopenia (pooled calibrated incidence rate ratio 1.33 (95% confidence interval 1.18 to 1.50) and calibrated incidence rate difference of 1.18 (0.57 to 1.8) per 1000 person years). Additionally, a pooled calibrated incidence rate ratio of 2.26 (0.93 to 5.52) for venous thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome was seen with Ad26.COV2.S compared with BNT162b2.

Conclusions
In this multinational study, a pooled 30% increased risk of thrombocytopenia after a first dose of the ChAdOx1-S vaccine was observed, as was a trend towards an increased risk of venous thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome after Ad26.COV2.S compared with BNT162b2. Although rare, the observed risks after adenovirus based vaccines should be considered when planning further immunisation campaigns and future vaccine development.
Physical and mental health problems of Chinese front-line healthcare workers before, during and after the COVID-19 rescue mission: a qualitative study
Authors: Sun Xiangjie , Wang Zenghui , Liu Huan , Ren Minmin , Feng Danjun 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveTo explore the physical and mental health problems of front-line healthcare workers fighting COVID-19 across the three phases of the epidemic rescue mission (before, during and after) in China.DesignA qualitative study was adopted using face to face, in-depth semistructured interviews. Phenomenological research methods and Colaizzi’s seven-step analysis method were used in the study.SettingThe setting of the study was the offices of healthcare workers in 12 tertiary hospitals.ParticipantsThirty-one front-line healthcare workers from 16 provinces in China, who carried out rescue missions in Hubei Province, were interviewed from October to November 2020.ResultsPhysical and mental health problems existed before, during and after the COVID-19 rescue mission. Eleven themes emerged during the three phases. Two themes appeared before rescue mission: basic diseases, anxiety before rescue mission. Five themes appeared during rescue mission: basic physical function disorder, physical exhaustion, negative cognition, negative emotions and negative behaviour. Four themes appeared after rescue mission: physical dysfunction, negative emotions, stigmatisation and hypochondriasis.ConclusionBoth physical and mental health problems occurred throughout the three phases. The study results pointed that a comprehensive prevention and control system that addresses both physical and mental health problems of front-line healthcare workers throughout the three phases of epidemic rescue mission (before, during and after), and that involves themselves, their families, hospitals, the government and social organisations is needed.
Studies of prevalence: how a basic epidemiology concept has gained recognition in the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Buitrago-Garcia Diana , Salanti Georgia , Low Nicola 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundPrevalence measures the occurrence of any health condition, exposure or other factors related to health. The experience of COVID-19, a new disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, has highlighted the importance of prevalence studies, for which issues of reporting and methodology have traditionally been neglected.ObjectiveThis communication highlights key issues about risks of bias in the design and conduct of prevalence studies and in reporting them, using examples about SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19.SummaryThe two main domains of bias in prevalence studies are those related to the study population (selection bias) and the condition or risk factor being assessed (information bias). Sources of selection bias should be considered both at the time of the invitation to take part in a study and when assessing who participates and provides valid data (respondents and non-respondents). Information bias appears when there are systematic errors affecting the accuracy and reproducibility of the measurement of the condition or risk factor. Types of information bias include misclassification, observer and recall bias. When reporting prevalence studies, clear descriptions of the target population, study population, study setting and context, and clear definitions of the condition or risk factor and its measurement are essential. Without clear reporting, the risks of bias cannot be assessed properly. Bias in the findings of prevalence studies can, however, impact decision-making and the spread of disease. The concepts discussed here can be applied to the assessment of prevalence for many other conditions.ConclusionsEfforts to strengthen methodological research and improve assessment of the risk of bias and the quality of reporting of studies of prevalence in all fields of research should continue beyond this pandemic.
Performance evaluation of Hipee S2 point-of-care testing urine dipstick analyser: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Wang Guoqing , Zong Xiaolong , Sun Jinghua 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveWith advances in mobile technology, smartphone-based point-of-care testing (POCT) urinalysis hold great potential for disease screening and health management for clinicians and individual users. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the analytical performance of Hipee S2 POCT urine dipstick analyser.DesignA multicentre, hospital-based, cross-sectional study.SettingAnalytical performance of the POCT analyser was conducted at a clinical laboratory, and method comparison was performed at three clinical laboratories in China.ParticipantsUrine samples were collected from 1603 outpatients and inpatients at three hospitals, and 5 health check-up population at one of the hospitals.Outcome measuresAll tests were performed by clinical laboratory technicians. Precision, drift, carry-over, interference and method comparison of Hipee S2 were evaluated. Diagnostic accuracy of semiquantitative albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) for albuminuria was carried out using quantitative ACR as the standard.ResultsThe precision for each parameter, assessed by control materials, was acceptable. No sample carry-over or drift was observed. Ascorbate solution with 1 g/L had an inhibitory effect for the haemoglobin test. Agreement for specific gravity (SG) varied between moderate to substantial (κ values 0.496–0.687), for pH was moderate (κ values 0.423–0.569) and for other parameters varied between substantial to excellent (κ values 0.669–0.991), on comparing the Hipee S2 with laboratory analysers. The semiquantitative microalbumin and creatinine were highly correlated with the quantitative results. The sensitivity of semiquantitative ACR to detect albuminuria was 87.2%–90.7%, specificity was 70.7%–78.4%, negative predictive value was 85.3%–87.9% and positive predictive value was 73.9%–83%.ConclusionsHipee S2 POCT urine analyser showed acceptable analytical performance as a semiquantitative method. It serves as a convenient alternate device for clinicians and individual users for urinalysis and health management. In addition, the POCT semiquantitative ACR would be useful in screening for albuminuria.