bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pengembangan instrumen tes kategori higher order thinking skills (HOTS) pada mata pelajaran matematika kelas XI SMA
Authors: Qudsiah Jiatri Rahimatul , Fahrurrozi  , Hayati Nila 
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan instrumen tes kategori Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) pada mata pelajaran matematika kelas XI SMA pada pokok bahasan integral tak tentu fungsi aljabar berupa soal uraian yang valid dan praktis. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan dengan menggunakan prosedur pengembangan Borg & Gall yang diadaptasi menjadi 7 langkah pengembangan yaitu: Penelitian dan pengumpulan informasi; Perencanaan; Mengembangkan bentuk pendahuluan produk; Uji coba kelompok kecil; Revisi produk awal; Uji coba lapangan; dan Revisi produk akhir. Namun penelitian ini tidak dapat dilakukan sepenuhnya dikarenakan pandemi covid-19 terjadi saat penelitian sedang dilaksanakan, sehingga penelitian ini hingga pada tahapan revisi tanpa melalui tahap uji coba. Adapun tahap direvisi dilakukan berdasarkan validasi ahli. Instrumen pengumpulan data menggunakan lembar validasi tes berdasarkan penilaian khusus dan tambahan, lembar angket respon guru dari 4 sekolah dari kategori tinggi dan sedang, serta soal tes HOTS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa instrumen tes HOTS yang dihasilkan terdiri dari 9 butir soal uraian baik dari segi kevalidan isi maupun dari aspek materi, konstruksi, dan bahasa dinyatakan layak digunakan. Adapun kepraktisan tes didapatkan rata-rata persentase sebesar 75,83% dengan kategori sangat praktis. Hal tersebut mendandakan guru rata-rata memberikan respon positif soal tes HOTS yang telah dikembangkan.
Novel-River: "Jean-Christophe" by R. Rolland: the concept of the world and man
Authors: Krokhina Nadezhda Pavlovna 
Published: January 2025

The subject of the study is the analysis of the synthetic genre of the river-novel in its specificity – in a polemic with a modern expanded understanding of the genre, erasing its originality. The aim of the work is also the cultural and philosophical actualization of the novel – in a polemic with its traditional social reading. The signs of the river-novel are highlighted and the synthetics of the genre is emphasized. It is noted that the novel is based on the unity of the world of the author and the hero and their dialogue. The main theme of the novel is analyzed – the disclosure of the creative perception of the world in its independence, openness to the world and constant changes, the connection of the main theme with two leitmotifs of the novel is shown – the ability to hear world music and the God-humanity of genius. Christoph's worldview is defined as pantheism: the mystery of unity is revealed to Christoph, linking him with the era of early German Romanticism. The main method of research is the structural analysis of the text, the main themes, motifs, and mythologies. It is emphasized that the epic of Rolland is the final work for the New European culture, the creators of which were the titans, the creators of great art. It is noted that the river-novel is based on the romantic tradition and expresses the spirit of a new idealism characteristic of the era of the turn of the XIX–XX centuries. The polemic of the novel, addressed to the life of the modern soul, is polemic to the theme of the decline of the West and the growing signs of the great war of peoples – on the eve of the First World War. It is noted that one of the facets of the river-novel with its belief in the power of creativity is the utopia of the international brotherhood of creative souls (close to the ideas of G. Hesse). It is emphasized that the pathos of the unity of the most important mental traditions of Europe permeates the entire novel – such is the music of Christophe, combining "German fantasy and the clear clarity of the Latin mind." The disclosure of the cultural and philosophical meanings of the novel and the specifics of the genre of the river novel constitute the novelty of scientific research. The conclusion is made about the synthetics of the river-novel genre: a myth novel, a utopia novel, a warning novel, an alternative history novel. The research opens up the possibility for further, more detailed comparison of the religion of creativity underlying the novel with the philosophical ideas of the twentieth century: A. Bergson's "Creative Impulse", N. A. Berdyaev's "Philosophy of Creativity", L. N. Gumilev's theory of passionarity, as well as the analysis of the novel in the Russian artistic context.
Quantifying regional α ‐synuclein, amyloid β, and tau accumulation in lewy body dementia
Authors: Miller Rebecca L. , Dhavale Dhruva D. , O’Shea Jennifer Y. , Andruska Kristin M. , Liu Jialu , Franklin Erin E. , Buddhala Chandana , Loftin Susan K. , Cirrito John R. , Perrin Richard J. , Cairns Nigel J. , Campbell Meghan C. , Perlmutter Joel S. , Kotzbauer Paul T. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveParkinson disease (PD) is defined by the accumulation of misfolded α‐synuclein (α‐syn) in Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites. It affects multiple cortical and subcortical neuronal populations. The majority of people with PD develop dementia, which is associated with Lewy bodies in neocortex and referred to as Lewy body dementia (LBD). Other neuropathologic changes, including amyloid β (Aβ) and tau accumulation, occur in some LBD cases. We sought to quantify α‐syn, Aβ, and tau accumulation in neocortical, limbic, and basal ganglia regions.MethodsWe isolated insoluble protein from fresh frozen postmortem brain tissue samples for eight brains regions from 15 LBD, seven Alzheimer disease (AD), and six control cases. We measured insoluble α‐syn, Aβ, and tau with recently developed sandwich ELISAs.ResultsWe detected a wide range of insoluble α‐syn accumulation in LBD cases. The majority had substantial α‐syn accumulation in most regions, and dementia severity correlated with neocortical α‐syn. However, three cases had low neocortical levels that were indistinguishable from controls. Eight LBD cases had substantial Aβ accumulation, although the mean Aβ level in LBD was lower than in AD. The presence of Aβ was associated with greater α‐syn accumulation. Tau accumulation accompanied Aβ in only one LBD case.InterpretationLBD is associated with insoluble α‐syn accumulation in neocortical regions, but the relatively low neocortical levels in some cases suggest that other changes contribute to impaired function, such as loss of neocortical innervation from subcortical regions. The correlation between Aβ and α‐syn accumulation suggests a pathophysiologic relationship between these two processes.
3D Printed Template‐Directed Assembly of Multiscale Graphene Structures
Authors: Zhou Jingzhuo , Wu Xin , Chen Yan , Yang Chuang , Yang Rui , Tan Junyang , Liu Yilun , Qiu Ling , Cheng Hui‐Ming 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe assembly of different levels of structure from the nano‐ to the macroscale has produced materials with outstanding performance. Here, using graphene as a model building block, the fabrication of multiscale structures is reported, with tailorable features spanning seven orders of magnitude in size by a 3D printed template‐directed assembly method which combines the ability to customize structures from the meso‐ to macroscale using digital light processing and from the nano‐ to microscale using self‐assembly. It is shown that by a careful design of the structures, a number of extraordinary properties can be produced including ultralow density (≥0.08 mg cm–3), and ultrahigh stiffness, and compressibility (full recovery from 95% strain). The approach not only provides diversified structure control over wide length scales for nanomaterial assembly but also shows the possibility of changing the properties of the structure for different applications.
Specific Adsorption Reinforced Interface Enabling Stable Lithium Metal Electrode
Authors: Wang Yu‐Yang , Gu Jian‐Kang , Zhang Bo‐Hai , Li Guo‐Ran , Liu Sheng , Gao Xue‐Ping 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLithium‐metal (Li) electrode has been regarded as an excellent option to increase the energy density of next‐generation secondary batteries due to its low electrochemical potential and ultrahigh theoretical capacity. However, Li electrodes suffer from poor Coulombic efficiency (CE) and uneven lithium deposition issues during cycling that severely restrain its application. Herein, ammonium perfluoro(2‐methyl‐3‐oxahexanoate) (APFA), a pragmatic anionic surfactant, is introduced as an electrolyte additive to regulate the deposition behavior of lithium. Different from the conventional sacrificial additives that reinforce solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layers on Li electrodes, the PFA− anions are mainly adsorbed on the Li surface, which improves the electron transfer step kinetics due to the ψ1 effect. The introduction of APFA in the electrolyte promises homogeneous and highly dense lithium deposition and the LiLi symmetric cell with APFA can operate over 4000 h with excellent stability and low polarization. This work provides a facile and promising strategy for fabricating stable Li anode for high‐energy‐density secondary batteries.
Microneedle Arrays for Drug Delivery and Diagnostics: Toward an Optimized Design, Reliable Insertion, and Penetration
Authors: Ebrahiminejad Vahid , Prewett Philip D. , Davies Graham J. , Faraji Rad Zahra 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn the past two decades, microneedles have been extensively studied for transdermal delivery of drug or vaccines and for bio‐fluid extraction. Microneedle‐based devices consist of micron‐size needles that are arranged on a small patch. Despite ongoing advances in microneedle technology, one of the major problems associated with transdermal delivery or sampling is that many of the microneedle patches are not able to fully penetrate the skin surface and reach the epidermis layer of skin. In this regard, for an optimal and effective penetration—painless and safe—it is crucial to consider complex skin mechanics and how it impacts microneedle design and insertion practice. Various types of skin modelling and insertion simulations are considered, followed by discussion of ways of improving microneedle robustness, reduction of insertion force, and enhancement of penetration efficiency.
Application of a c‐Si Solar Cell with a Three‐Dimensional Structure to Indoor Photovoltaics
Authors: Sim Yeon Hyang , Yun Min Ju , Lee Dong Yoon , Cha Seung I. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAs individual photovoltaic (PV) power sources for indoor conditions, various types of solar cells including organic, perovskite, and dye‐sensitized devices, have been used because they provide better performance under weak lighting conditions; however, they are limited in terms of durability and applicability to larger‐sized cells and modules. Crystalline silicon (c‐Si) solar cells address these issues as an economical alternative. Here, to overcome low performance under weak lighting conditions, such as indoor lighting, a three‐dimensional structured c‐Si solar cell is developed to enhance the surface area of the cell for improved indirect light acquisition. With our design prototype, the power output increases by nearly two‐fold using a tetrahedron‐structured c‐Si solar cell compared to its flat two‐dimensional counterpart. Further improvements in the power output are expected to be achieved for the 3‐D c‐Si solar cell by minimizing mismatch losses, which is a common problem associated with this PV device.
Synthesis of Fast Curing, Water‐Resistant and Photopolymerizable Glass for Recording of Holographic Structures by One‐ and Two‐Photon Lithography
Authors: Mikulchyk Tatsiana , Oubaha Mohamed , Kaworek Alicja , Duffy Brendan , Lunzer Markus , Ovsianikov Aleksandr , E‐Gul Sabad‐ , Naydenova Izabela , Cody Dervil 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAdvancements in hybrid sol‐gel technology have provided a new class of holographic materials as photopolymerizable glasses. Recently, a number of photosensitive glass compositions with high dynamic range and high spatial resolution have been reported and their excellent capability for volume holography has been demonstrated. Nevertheless, challenges remain, particularly in relation to the processing time and environmental stability of these materials, that strongly affect the performance and durability of the fabricated holograms. State‐of‐the‐art photopolymerizable glasses possess long curing times (few days) required to achieve thick films, thus limiting the industrial implementation of this technology and its commercial viability. This article presents a novel, fast curing, water‐resistant, photopolymerizable hybrid sol‐gel (PHSG) for holographic applications. Due to introducing an amine‐based modifier that increases the condensation ability of the sol‐gel network, this PHSG overcomes the problem of long curing time and can readily produce thick (up to a few hundred micrometers) layers without cracking and breaking. In addition, this PHSG exhibits excellent water‐resistance, providing stable performance of holographic gratings for up to 400 h of immersion in water. This finding moves photopolymerizable glasses to the next development stage and renders the technology attractive for the mass production of holographic optical elements and their use across a wide number of outdoor applications.
The Second Excited Triplet‐State Facilitates TADF and Triplet–Triplet Annihilation Photon Upconversion via a Thermally Activated Reverse Internal Conversion
Authors: Zhao Yanliang , Wu Yingnan , Chen Wenlong , Zhang Ruiling , Hong Gaobo , Tian Jiarui , Wang Honglei , Zheng Daoyuan , Wu Chenyu , Jiang Xiao , Huo Xinming , Sun Lei , Deng Weiqiao , Han Keli , Song Fengling 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRecent years have seen a surge in organic emitters that exhibit thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) behavior owing to their high exciton utilization efficiency, low biological toxicity, etc. However, the existing TADF channel is insufficiently well developed as to design high‐performance materials especially in the high‐lying triplet state mediated reverse intersystem crossing process. A thermally activated reverse internal conversion (TARIC) pathway is reported here, which can achieve effective population transfer from T1 to T2 states via conical intersection point with the barrier of 3.81 kcal mol−1. On this basis, the mediated T2 state facilitates the TADF and triplet–triplet annihilation photon upconversion (TTA–UC) channel. Furthermore, benefited from the TARIC pathway, the designed 2′,7′‐dichlorofluorescein (DCF) derivative DCF−MPYM−Me photosensitizer presents an excellent upconversion efficiency of 13.6%. The high upconversion efficiency is the best performance in purely organic TADF photosensitizers without heavy atoms in TTA−UC systems.
Acousto‐Optic Modulation in Silicon Waveguides Based on Piezoelectric Aluminum Scandium Nitride Film
Authors: Huang Chukun , Shi Haotian , Yu Linfeng , Wang Kang , Cheng Ming , Huang Qiang , Jiao Wenting , Sun Junqiang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAluminum scandium nitride (AlScN) has attracted extensive attention for its excellent piezoelectric properties in the micro‐electromechanical system applications. In this work, AlScN is demonstrated to be a promising candidate for on‐chip acousto‐optic coupling interactions with outstanding piezoelectric properties as well. Based on piezoelectric Al0.6Sc0.4N film deposited on silicon‐on‐insulator platform, the proposed devices exhibit impressive acousto‐optic coupling performances over a short interaction length of 210 µm with surface acoustic waves actuated by interdigital transducers. Meanwhile, the acousto‐optic coupling performances are further improved in a compact spiral waveguide with eight interaction segments, where the measured modulation efficiency is enhanced from −21.5 to −12.5 dB and the radiofrequency (RF) 3‐dB bandwidth is narrowed from 4 to 3.1 MHz at central frequency of 3.044 GHz with RF drive power of 18.6 dBm. The measured modulation efficiency is proportional to the incident RF drive power, depicting a linear increasing trend with a slope of one as the RF power increases up to 24.6 dBm. Such acousto‐optic devices are capable of achieving broadband acousto‐optic modulation and narrow‐band microwave photonic filtering. Besides, the designed device structure provides a prospect in single‐sideband modulation, acousto‐optic frequency shift, and nonreciprocal light propagation.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Alkynylation of Alkenes via C−H Activation for the Preparation of Conjugated 1,3‐Enynes
Authors: Guo Li‐Yun , Li Qing , Liu Yu‐Tao , Li Lin , Ni Yu‐Qing , Li Yang , Pan Fei 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA general palladium‐catalyzed method for the direct alkynylation of unactivated alkenes via C−H activation, was successfully developed, with the assistance of 8‐aminoquinoline. It is applicable to both internal and terminal unactivated alkenes with a broad functionality tolerance. This method shows good regio‐ and diastereoselectivity and provides an alternative approach for directing construct of conjugated 1,3‐enynes.magnified image
Cross‐Electrophile Coupling between Aryl/Vinyl Triflates and Vinyl Tosylates for the Synthesis of gem‐Difluoroalkenes via Ni/Pd Cooperative Catalysis
Authors: Xiong Baojian , Li Yue , Zhang Jinyu , Liu Jiangjun , Zhang Xuemei , Lian Zhong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA dual nickel‐/palladium‐catalyzed direct gem‐difluorovinylation of readily available aryl/vinyl triflates with substituted gem‐difluorovinyl tosylates is presented. This protocol affords various diaryldifluoroalkene, arylalkyldifluoroalkene and 1,1‐difluoro‐2‐substituted‐1,3‐dienes under mild reaction conditions with excellent functional group compatibility, and provides a potential pathway to the late‐stage functionalization of complex bioactive molecules.magnified image
Refining the clinical phenotype associated with missense variants in exons 38 and 39 of KMT2D
Authors: Tharreau Mylène , Garde Aurore , Marlin Sandrine , Morel Godelieve , Ernest Sylvain , Nambot Sophie , Duffourd Yannis , Ternoy Ninon , Duvillard Christian , Banka Siddharth , Philippe Christophe , Thauvin‐Robinet Christel , Mau‐Them Frederic Tran , Faivre Laurence 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLoss‐of‐function variants in KMT2D are responsible for Kabuki syndrome type 1 (KS1). In the last 5 years, missense variants in exon 38 or 39 in KMT2D have been found in patients exhibiting a new phenotype with multiple malformations and absence of intellectual disability, distinct from KS1. To date, only 16 cases have been reported with classic features of hearing loss, abnormality of the ear, lacrimal duct defects, branchial sinus/neck pits, choanal atresia (CA), athelia, hypo(para)thyroidism, growth delay, and dental anomalies. We report here two families and one unpublished variant, refining the clinical and molecular knowledge on this new entity. Family 1 presented with apparently isolated autosomal dominant choanal atresia, in eight members across three generations. Exome sequencing (ES) in the proband and one cousin revealed a p.Glu3569Gly variant in exon 38 of KMT2D, segregating with choanal atresia in the family. Clinical reevaluation evidenced thyroid dysfunction, mild hearing anomalies, and hypoplastic nipple in some patients. Family 2 presented with nasolacrimal duct obstruction, hearing loss, mild facial features, unilateral axial polydactyly, and unilateral toe V‐VI syndactyly. ES revealed a de novo already reported p.Arg3582Gln variant in exon 38 of KMT2D. Considering these results and the existing literature, we suspect that missense variants in exon 38 of KMT2D are responsible for phenotypes that are even milder (isolated CA) and broader (polydactyly) than what has been previously described.
The ontogeny of sexual dimorphism in free‐ranging rhesus macaques
Authors: Turcotte Cassandra M. , Mann Eva H. J. , Stock Michala K. , Villamil Catalina I. , Montague Michael J. , Dickinson Edwin ,   Cayo Biobank Research Unit, Surratt Samuel Bauman , Martinez Melween , Williams Scott A. , Antón Susan C. , Higham James P. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveReconstructing the social lives of extinct primates is possible only through an understanding of the interplay between morphology, sexual selection pressures, and social behavior in extant species. Somatic sexual dimorphism is an important variable in primate evolution, in part because of the clear relationship between the strength and mechanisms of sexual selection and the degree of dimorphism. Here, we examine body size dimorphism across ontogeny in male and female rhesus macaques to assess whether it is primarily achieved via bimaturism as predicted by a polygynandrous mating system, faster male growth indicating polygyny, or both.MethodsWe measured body mass in a cross‐sectional sample of 362 free‐ranging rhesus macaques from Cayo Santiago, Puerto Rico to investigate size dimorphism: (1) across the lifespan; and (2) as an outcome of sex‐specific growth strategies, including: (a) age of maturation; (b) growth rate; and (c) total growth duration, using regression models fit to sex‐specific developmental curves.ResultsSignificant body size dimorphism was observed by prime reproductive age with males 1.51 times the size of females. Larger male size resulted from a later age of maturation (males: 6.8–7.8 years vs. females: 5.5–6.5 years; logistic model) and elevated growth velocity through the pre‐prime period (LOESS model). Though males grew to larger sizes overall, females maintained adult size for longer before senescence (quadratic model).DiscussionThe ontogeny of size dimorphism in rhesus macaques is achieved by bimaturism and a faster male growth rate. Our results provide new data for understanding the development and complexities of primate dimorphism.
Metal‐Catalyzed Organic Reactions by Resonant Acoustic Mixing**
Authors: Gonnet Lori , Lennox Cameron B. , Do Jean‐Louis , Malvestiti Ivani , Koenig Stefan G. , Nagapudi Karthik , Friščić Tomislav 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe demonstrate catalytic organic synthesis by Resonant Acoustic Mixing (RAM): a mechanochemical methodology that does not require bulk solvent or milling media. Using as model reactions ruthenium‐catalyzed ring‐closing metathesis and copper‐catalyzed sulfonamide‐isocyanate coupling, RAM mechanosynthesis is shown to be faster, operationally simpler than conventional ball‐milling, while also providing the first example of a mechanochemical strategy for ruthenium‐catalyzed ene‐yne metathesis. Reactions by RAM are readily and directly scaled‐up without any significant changes in reaction conditions, as shown by the straightforward 200‐fold scaling‐up of the synthesis of the antidiabetic drug Tolbutamide, from hundreds of milligrams directly to 30 grams.
Covalent Organic Framework Based Functional Materials: Important Catalysts for Efficient CO2Utilization
Authors: Lu Meng , Zhang Mi , Liu Jiang , Chen Yifa , Liao Jia‐Peng , Yang Ming‐Yi , Cai Yue‐Peng , Li Shun‐Li , Lan Ya‐Qian 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAs hot topics in the chemical conversion of CO2, the photo‐/electrocatalytic reduction of CO2and use of CO2as a supporter for energy storage have shown great potential for the utilization of CO2. However, many obstacles still exist on the road to realizing highly efficient chemical CO2conversion, such as inefficient uptake/activation of CO2and mass transport in catalysts. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), as a kind of porous material, have been widely explored as catalysts for the chemical conversion of CO2owing to their unique features. In particular, COF‐based functional materials containing diverse active sites (such as single metal sites, metal nanoparticles, and metal oxides) offer great potential for realizing CO2conversion and energy storage. This Minireview discusses recent breakthroughs in the basic knowledge, mechanisms, and pathways of chemical CO2conversion strategies that use COF‐based functional catalysts. In addition, the challenges and prospects of COF‐based functional catalysts for the efficient utilization of CO2are also introduced.