bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physiotherapy Management of Migraine Pain: Facial Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Technique Versus Connective Tissue Massage
Authors: Kurt Asliham , Turhan Begümhan 
Published: March 2022

Objective:
Physical therapy modalities are often used by patients with migraine pain. The effectiveness of the methods in the treatment of migraine has not been clarified yet. This prospective study was planned to investigate whether facial proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation is superior to connective tissue massage in the treatment of migraine pain.

Methods:
The study was conducted on 40 female patients with a neurologist-confirmed diagnosis of chronic migraine with non-aura, and who were aged between 18 and 65. They were randomly divided into 2 groups. Facial proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation techniques were applied to the patients in the study group (Group 1), and connective tissue massage was applied to the patients in the control group (Group 2). The interventions were performed 3 times a week for approximately 20 minutes. Pain and pressure pain threshold scores were recorded on the first day of treatment before starting the session and were reassessed immediately after the end of the 18 treatment (6 weeks) sessions.

Results:
Pretreatment and posttreatment results were similar in both groups in terms of pain scores and pressure pain threshold values (P > 0.05). Both groups improved in pain-related outcomes (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
Our results suggest that facial proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation was no more effective than connective tissue massage for treating migraine for the sample size used in the present study. Both methods can be used in the treatment of migraine pain.
The Feasibility of Cross-Linguistic Speech Evaluation in the Care of International Cleft Palate Patients
Authors: Stoehr Jenna R. , Park Eugene , Reddy Narainsai K. , Rychlik Karen , Raj Bharat , Gosain Arun K. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract:
Many patients with cleft palate in developing countries never receive postoperative speech assessment or therapy. The use of audiovisual recordings could improve access to post-repair speech care. The present study evaluated whether English-speaking speech-language pathologists (SLPs) could assess cleft palate patients speaking an unfamiliar language (Tamil) using recorded media. Recordings obtained from Tamil-speaking participants were rated by 1 Tamil-speaking SLP and 3 English-speaking SLPs. Ratings were analyzed for inter-rater reliability and scored for percent correct. Accuracy of the English SLPs was compared with independent t tests and Analysis of Variance. Sixteen participants (mean age 14.5 years, standard deviation [SD] 7.4 years; mean age of surgery of 2.7 years, SD 3.7 years; time since surgery: 10.8 years, SD 5.7 years) were evaluated. Across the 4 SLPs, 5 speech elements were found to have moderate agreement, and the mean kappa was 0.145 (slight agreement). Amongst the English-speaking SLPs, 10 speech elements were found to have substantial or moderate agreement, and the mean kappa was 0.333 (fair agreement). Speech measures with the highest inter-rater reliability were hypernasality and consonant production errors. The average percent correct of the English SLPs was 60.7% (SD 20.2%). English SLPs were more accurate if the participant was female, under eighteen, bilingual, or had speech therapy. The results demonstrate that English SLPs without training in a specific language (Tamil) have limited potential to assess speech elements accurately. This research could guide training interventions to augment the ability of SLPs to conduct cross-linguistic evaluations and improve international cleft care by global health teams.
Intraoperative Redosing of Surgical Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Addition to Preoperative Prophylaxis Versus Single-dose Prophylaxis for the Prevention of Surgical Site Infection
Authors: Wolfhagen Niels , Boldingh Quirine J. J. , de Lange Mats , Boermeester Marja A. , de Jonge Stijn W. 
Published: March 2022

Objective:
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of preoperative surgical antibiotic prophylaxis (SAP) with additional intraoperative redosing compared to single-dose preoperative surgical antibiotic prophylaxis on the incidence of surgical site infections (SSI).

Summary Background Data:
Preoperative SAP is standard care for the prevention of SSI. During long surgical procedures, additional intraoperative redosing of SAP is advised, but there is great variability in redosing strategies and compliance rates.

Methods:
We performed a systematic search of MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, CINAHL and CENTRAL on June 25th, 2021 according to PROSPERO registration CRD42021229035. We included studies that compared the effect of preoperative SAP with additional intraoperative redosing to single dose preoperative SAP (no redosing) on SSI incidence in patients undergoing any type of surgery. Two researchers performed data appraisal and extraction of summary data independently. Meta-analyses were stratified per study type. We used a generic inverse variance random-effects model to estimate a pooled odds ratio with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results:
We included 2 randomized controlled trials (RCT) and 8 cohort studies comprising of 9470 patients. Pooled odds ratios for SSI in patients receiving intraoperative redosing compared to those without redosing were 0.47 (95% CI: 0.19–1.16. I
2 = 36%) for RCTs and 0.55 (95% CI: 0.38–0.79, I
2 = 56%) for observational cohorts. There was considerable clinical heterogeneity among antibiotics used and redosing protocols. GRADE-assessment showed overall low certainty of evidence.

Conclusion:
Intraoperative redosing of SAP may reduce incidence of SSI compared to a single dose preoperative SAP in any type of surgery, based on studies with considerable heterogeneity of antibiotic regimens and redosing protocols.
Assessment and nonpharmacological management for patients with cancer anorexia–cachexia syndrome: a best practice implementation project
Authors: Zhang Lanfang , Zhou Chunlan , Wu Yanni , Du Dong , He Ling , He Lian , Xie Guozhu , Wang Li , Chen Peijuan 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction and aims:
Cancer anorexia-cachexia syndrome (CACS) is a common multifactorial syndrome, which affects up to 80% patients with advanced cancer. At present, evidence to support the benefit of pharmacological intervention in the management of CACS is limited. Patients would benefit from standard procedures for early assessment and identification of cancer anorexia-cachexia, and using nonpharmacological strategies to manage patients with CACS. This best practice implementation project aimed to implement an evidence-based practice in assessing and managing patients with CACS, thereby improving the compliance of clinical practice with the best evidence and the quality of life of patients with CACS.

Methods:
This was an evidence-based audit and feedback project that used a three-phase approach at a public hospital in China. Phase 1 included the development of seven evidence-based audit criteria and carrying out a baseline audit on 30 patients using the JBI's Practical Application of Clinical Evidence System in the Department of Radiation Oncology of Nanfang Hospital. Phase 2 utilized the Getting Research into Practice component of the Practical Application of Clinical Evidence System to identify barriers to compliance with best practice principles and developed strategies and resources to improve compliance. Phase 3 involved conducting a follow-up audit using the same sample size and audit criteria to assess the results of interventions implemented to improve practice and identify issues that would be addressed in future audit.

Results:
The compliance rates of audit criteria 1, 2 and 6 were 100% at both baseline and follow-up audit. After the application of evidence, the compliance rate increased from 0 to 100% for audit criterion 3, from 0 to 76.6% for audit criterion 4, from 23 to 70% for audit criterion 5, and from 0 to 40% for audit criterion 5.

Conclusion:
The best evidence for the assessment and nonpharmacological management of cancer patients with CACS can improve clinical practice, the quality of clinical nursing, and patient satisfaction. The application of electronic informatization promotes the implementation and maintenance of best practice.
Improving the diagnosis of endometrial hyperplasia using computerized analysis and immunohistochemical biomarkers
Authors: Sanderson Peter A , Esnal-Zufiaurre Arantza , Arends Mark J , Herrington C Simon , Collins Frances , Williams Alistair RW , Saunders Philippa TK 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEndometrial hyperplasia (EH) is a precursor lesion to endometrial carcinoma (EC). Risks for EC include genetic, hormonal and metabolic factors most notably those associated with obesity: rates are rising and there is concern that cases in pre-menopausal women may remain undetected. Making an accurate distinction between benign and pre-malignant disease is both a challenge for the pathologist and important to the gynaecologist who wants to deliver the most appropriate care to meet the needs of the patient. Premalignant change may be recognised by histological changes of endometrial hyperplasia (which may occur with or without atypia) and endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia (EIN).In this study we created a tissue resource of EH samples diagnosed between 2004 and 2009 (n=125) and used this to address key questions: 1. Are the EIN/WHO2014 diagnostic criteria able to consistently identify premalignant endometrium? 2. Can computer aided image analysis inform identification of EIN? 3. Can we improve diagnosis by incorporating analysis of protein expression using immunohistochemistry.Our findings confirmed the inclusion of EIN in diagnostic criteria resulted in a better agreement between expert pathologists compared with the previous WHO94 criteria used for the original diagnosis of our sample set. A computer model based on assessment of stromal:epithelial ratio appeared most accurate in classification of areas of tissue without EIN. From an extensive panel of putative endometrial protein tissue biomarkers a score based on assessment of HAND2, PTEN and PAX2 was able to identify four clusters one of which appeared to be more likely to be benign.In summary, our study has highlighted new opportunities to improve diagnosis of pre-malignant disease in endometrium and provide a platform for further research on this important topic.HighlightsBlinded re-analysis of n=125 samples previously classified as endometrial hyperplasia found improved intra-observer agreement (67%) using EIN/WHO2014 compared with standard WHO1994 criteria (52%)Computerised analysis of endometrial hyperplasia tissue architecture showed promise as a tool to assist pathologists in diagnosis of difficult to classify casesA diagnosis of endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia (EIN) using the WHO2014 criteria more accurately predicted risk of endometrial cancer than WHO1994 system.EIN samples exhibited altered expression of ARID1A (negative glands) and HAND2 (reduced or absent from stroma)Unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis based on immunostaining for PTEN, PAX2 and HAND2 identified 4 subtypes one of which segregated with benign disease.These results provide a framework for improved classification of pre-malignant lesions in endometrium that may inform personalized care pathways
Adequacy of Nasal Self-Swabbing for SARS-CoV-2 Testing in Children
Authors: Waggoner Jesse J. , Vos Miriam B. , Tyburski Erika A. , Nguyen Phuong-Vi , Ingersoll Jessica M. , Miller Candace , Sullivan Julie , Griffiths Mark , Stone Cheryl , Benoit Macarthur , Benedit Laura , Seitter Brooke , Jerris Robert , Levy Joshua M. , Kraft Colleen S. , Farmer Sarah , Foster Amanda , Wood Anna , Westbrook Adrianna L. , Morris Claudia R. , Sathian Usha N. , Heetderks William , Li Li , Roth Kristian , Barcus Mary , Stenzel Timothy , Martin Greg S. , Lam Wilbur A. 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe goal of this study was to characterize the ability of school-aged children to self-collect adequate anterior nares (AN) swabs for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) testing.MethodsFrom July to August 2021, 287 children, age 4-14 years-old, were prospectively enrolled in the Atlanta area. Symptomatic (n=197) and asymptomatic (n=90) children watched a short instructional video before providing a self-collected AN specimen. Health care workers (HCWs) then collected a second specimen, and useability was assessed by the child and HCW. Swabs were tested side-by-side for SARS-CoV-2. RNase P RNA detection was investigated as a measure of specimen adequacy.ResultsAmong symptomatic children, 87/196 (44.4%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by both self- and HCW-swab. Two children each were positive by self- or HCW-swab; one child had an invalid HCW-swab. Compared to HCW-swabs, self-collected swabs had 97.8% and 98.1% positive and negative percent agreements, respectively, and SARS-CoV-2 Ct values did not differ significantly between groups. Participants ≤8 years-old were less likely than those >8 to be rated as correctly completing self-collection, but SARS-CoV-2 detection did not differ. Based on RNase P RNA detection, 270/287 children (94.1%) provided adequate self-swabs versus 277/287 (96.5%) HCW-swabs (p=0.24) with no difference when stratified by age.ConclusionsChildren, aged 4-14 years-old, can provide adequate AN specimens for SARS-CoV-2 detection when presented with age-appropriate instructional material, consisting of a video and a handout, at a single timepoint. These data support the use of self-collected AN swabs among school-age children for SARS-CoV-2 testing.
The Sequence Effect Worsens over Time in Parkinson’s disease and Responds to Open and Closed-Loop Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation
Authors: Kehnemouyi Yasmine , Petrucci Matthew , Wilkins Kevin , Bronte-Stewart Helen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe sequence effect is the progressive deterioration in speech, limb movement, and gait that leads to an inability to communicate, manipulate objects or walk without freezing of gait. Many studies have demonstrated a lack of improvement of the sequence effect from dopaminergic medication, however few studies have studied the metric over time or investigated the effect of open and closed-loop deep brain stimulation in people with PD.ObjectiveTo investigate whether the sequence effect worsens over time and/or is improved on clinical (open-loop) and closed-loop deep brain stimulation (DBS).MethodsTwenty-one people with PD with bilateral STN DBS performed thirty seconds of instrumented repetitive wrist flexion extension and the MDS-UPDRS III off therapy, prior to activation of DBS and every six months for up to three years. A sub-cohort of ten people performed the task during randomized presentations of different intensities of STN DBS.ResultsThe sequence effect was highly correlated with the overall MDS-UPDRS III score and the bradykinesia sub-score and worsened over three years. Increasing intensities of STN open-loop DBS improved the sequence effect and one subject demonstrated improvement on both open-loop and even further improvement on closed-loop DBS.ConclusionsSequence effect in limb bradykinesia worsened over time off therapy due to disease progression but improved on open and closed-loop DBS. These results demonstrate that DBS is a useful treatment of the debilitating effects of the sequence effect in limb bradykinesia and that closed-loop DBS may offer added improvement.
Genetic context effects can override canonicalcisregulatory elements inEscherichia coli
Authors: Scholz Scott A. , Lindeboom Chase D. , Freddolino Peter L. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRecent experiments have shown that in addition to control bycisregulatory elements, the local chromosomal context of a gene also has a profound impact on its transcription. Although this chromosome-position dependent expression variation has been empirically mapped at high-resolution, the underlying causes of the variation have not been elucidated. Here, we demonstrate that 1 kb of flanking, non-coding synthetic sequences with a low frequency of guanosine and cytosine (GC) can dramatically reduce reporter expression compared to neutral and high GC-content flanks inE. coli. Despite the strong reduction in the maximal expression level from the fully-induced reporter, low GC synthetic flanks do not affect the time required to reach the maximal expression level after induction. Expression of the reporter construct is also affected by proximity to highly expressed ribosomal RNA operons depending on the relative orientation of transcription despite being insulated by strong transcriptional terminators, in a manner consistent with supercoiling competition. Overall, we demonstrate key determinants of transcriptional propensity that appear to act as tunable modulators of transcription, independent of regulatory sequences such as the promoter. These findings provide insight into the regulation of naturally occurring genes and specific rules for optimizing control of synthetic biology constructs.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of Long COVID symptoms
Authors: Natarajan Arun , Shetty Ashish , Delanerolle Gayathri , Zeng Yutian , Zhang Yingzhe , Raymont Vanessa , Rathod Shanaya , Halabi Sam , Elliot Kathryn , Phiri Peter , Shi Jian Qing 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundOngoing symptoms or the development of new symptoms following a SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis has caused a complex clinical problem known as “:Long COVID”: (LC). This has introduced further pressure on global healthcare systems as there appears to be a need for ongoing clinical management of these patients. LC personifies heterogeneous symptoms at varying frequencies. The most complex symptoms appear to be driven by the neurology and neuropsychiatry spheres.MethodsA systematic protocol was developed, peer reviewed and published in PROSPERO. The systematic review included publications from the 1st of December 2019-30th June 2021 published in English. Multiple electronic databases were used. The dataset has been analysed using a random-effects model and a subgroup analysis based on geographical location. Prevalence and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were established based on the data identified.ResultsOf the 302 studies, 49 met the inclusion criteria, although 36 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The 36 studies had a collective sample size of 11598 LC patients. 18 of the 36 studies were designed as cohorts and the remainder were cross-sectional. Symptoms of mental health, gastrointestinal, cardiopulmonary, neurological, and pain were reported.ConclusionsThe quality that differentiates this meta-analysis is that they are cohort and cross-sectional studies with follow-up. It is evident that there is limited knowledge available of LC and current clinical management strategies may be suboptimal as a result. Clinical practice improvements will require more comprehensive clinical research, enabling effective evidence-based approaches to better support patients.FundingNone
Analyses of Mutational Patterns Induced by Formaldehyde and Acetaldehyde Reveal Similarity to a Common Mutational Signature
Authors: Thapa Mahanish J. , Fabros Reena M. , Alasmar Salma , Chan Kin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFormaldehyde (CH2O) and acetaldehyde (C2H4O) are reactive small molecules produced endogenously in cells as well as being environmental contaminants. Both of these small aldehydes are classified as human carcinogens, since they are known to damage DNA and exposure is linked to cancer incidence. However, the mutagenic properties of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde remain incompletely understood, at least in part because they are relatively weak mutagens. Here, we use a highly sensitive yeast genetic reporter system featuring controlled generation of long single-stranded DNA regions to show that both small aldehydes induced mutational patterns characterized by predominantly C/G → A/T, C/G → T/A, and T/A → C/G substitutions, each in similar proportions. We observed an excess of C/G → A/T transversions when compared to mock-treated controls. Many of these C/G → A/T transversions occurred at TC/GA motifs. Interestingly, the formaldehyde mutational pattern resembles single base substitution (SBS) signature 40 from the Catalog of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC). SBS40 is a mutational signature of unknown etiology. We also noted that acetaldehyde treatment caused an excess of deletion events longer than four bases while formaldehyde did not. This latter result could be another distinguishing feature between the mutational patterns of these simple aldehydes. These findings shed new light on the characteristics of two important, commonly occurring mutagens.
Type two secretion systems secretins are necessary for exopolymeric slime secretion in cyanobacteria and myxobacteria
Authors: Zuckerman David M. , Man To So Jeffery , Hoiczyk Egbert 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWhile protein translocation in Gram-negative bacteria is well understood, our knowledge about the translocation of other high-molecular-weight substances is limited. Nozzle-like structures that secrete exopolymeric substances during gliding motility have previously been observed in the outer membranes of cyanobacteria and myxobacteria. Here, we show that these nozzles are composed of the secretins PilQ/GspD, the outer membrane component of the type II and III secretion systems, the type IV pilus apparatus, and filamentous phage extrusion machinery. Our results show for the first time that secretins may be used for secretion of non-proteinaceous polymers in some bacteria, considerably expanding the repertoire of substrates of these multifunctional outer membrane gates. Moreover, we show that gspD is an essential gene in Myxococcus xanthus, which, when depleted, renders this bacterium defective in slime secretion and gliding motility.SignificanceMany bacteria exhibit gliding motility, movement across surfaces. This motility has been correlated with the deposit of slime trails in their wake. To date, the mechanism of slime secretion has not been understood, and no cell envelope-structures have been identified that are involved in slime secretion during gliding motility. Here, we show that cyanobacteria and myxobacteria use the secretins PilQ/GspD, the outer membrane channels of the T2SS, for slime secretion, which demonstrates a novel cargo transport capacity of these multifunctional outer membrane gates.