bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frequency of MVP and Congenital Heart Disease in Children with Pectus Chest Wall Deformity: Five-Years of Experience
Authors: Karabulut Muhammed 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Pectus anomalies constitute 95% of chest anomalies. Pectus carinatum (PC) and excavatum (PE) are often asymptomatic in childhood. However, symptoms and signs such as chest pain, dyspnea and mitral valve prolapse (MVP) can be seen in pectus anomalies. Demographic characteristics and accompanying cardiac signs in children with pectus deformity were investigated. In this study, the clinical findings of children with pectus deformity and the frequency of MVP and other concomitant heart diseases detected in echocardiographic examinations were evaluated. Eighty-two PE, 27 PC, and 107 healthy children were included in this study. In the echocardiographic examination of PE, PC patients and healthy children, MVP was detected with a frequency of 25%, 33% and 2% respectively. The study showed that pectus anomalies were associated with an increased frequency of MVP. Therefore, all patients with pectus deformity should undergo a screening echocardiogram in adolescence to assess for presence of MVP.
Impact of the amount of the gold layer on the tribological performance of the ceramic conversion treated CP-Titanium
Authors: Zhang Zhenxue , Yu Hao , Li Xiaoying , Dong Hanshan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Titanium alloys are characterised by poor tribological properties, and a ceramic TiO2 layer formed on the surface can greatly improve its performance. By pre-depositing a gold layer on the titanium surface, the gold particles promote the outward diffusion of titanium in the ceramic conversion treatment to react with the inward-coming oxygen to form a compact titanium dioxide layer. The surface morphology, microstructure, phase constituents were characterised by SEM/EDX and XRD. The adhesion o the oxide layers were assessed by a scratch test. The distribution of gold particles in the oxide layer can enhance the surface hardness and reduce friction and wear against a WC ball in the reciprocal tribological test. The ceramic conversion process can be accelerated efficiently at 620-660°C, and the more gold pre-deposited, the thicker the oxide layer.
Adsorption characteristics of Penicillium amphipolaria XK11 to cadmium and antimony
Authors: Jingyi Dai , Chaoyang Li , Yu Sun , Yunlin Zhao , Huimin Huang , Yingzi Ma , Zhenggang Xu 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Heavy metal pollution is a worldwide problem that harms both the environment and human health. Wherein, microorganisms play important roles in remediation process. In this study, a strain XK11 with high resistance to both antimony Sb(III) and cadmium Cd(II) was screened from the mineral slag and was identified as Penicillium amphipolaria by molecular identification. The strain was resistant to heavy metals Cd and Sb, and had a high phosphate solubilization capacity. The results showed that the removal rate of XK11 to Cd and Sb solution could reached 45.6% and 34.6% respectively. When initial pH0 and adsorption time constant, XK11 could achieve the maximum removal rate of heavy metals Cd and Sb under different initial heavy metal concentration. The initial heavy metal concentration had a greater influence on biosorption than the initial pH0 and adsorption time. The findings demonstrated the potential of XK11 in the remediation of heavy metal Cd and Sb pollution, identifying potential materials and treatment strategies for heavy metal remediation.
Disease Severity Classification using Passively Collected Smartphone-Based Keystroke Dynamics within Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Hoeijmakers Aleide , Licitra Giovanni , Meijer Kim , Lam Ka-Hoo , Molenaar Pam , Strijbis Eva , Killestein Joep 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a progressive demyelinating disease of the central nervous system characterised by a wide range of motor and non-motor symptoms. The level of disability of people with MS (pwMS) is based on a wide range of clinical measures, though their frequency of evaluation and inaccuracies coming from objective and self-reported evaluations limits these assessments. Alternatively, remote health monitoring through devices can offer a cost-efficient solution to gather more reliable, objective measures continuously. Measuring smartphone keyboard interactions is a promising tool since typing and, thus, keystroke dynamics are likely influenced by symptoms that pwMS can experience. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate whether keyboard interactions gathered on a person’s smartphone can provide insight into the clinical status of pwMS leveraging machine learning techniques. In total, 24 Healthy Controls (HC) and 102 pwMS were followed for one year. Next to continuous data generated via smartphone interactions, clinical outcome measures were collected and used as targets to train four independent multivariate binary classification pipelines in discerning pwMS versus HC and estimating the level of disease severity, manual dexterity and cognitive capabilities. The final models yielded an AUC-ROC in the hold-out set above 0.7, with the highest performance obtained in estimating the level of fine motor skills (AUC-ROC=0.753). These findings show that keyboard interactions combined with machine learning techniques can be used as an unobtrusive monitoring tool to estimate various levels of clinical disability in pwMS from daily activities and with a high frequency of sampling without increasing patient burden.
Complication Severity and Its Association with the COVID-19 Prevention, Management and the Place of Treatment of the COVID-19 Patients in Bangladesh: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Hossain Syed Billal , BakiBillah Abul Hasan , Muhammad Faisal 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This study aimed to explore the extent of COVID-19 complications and its association with the pattern of COVID-19 management and prevention at hospital and home settings in urban Bangladesh. The study included 659 COVID-19 positive patients aged 18 and up who were treated at home or in hospitals and lived in Dhaka city from April to September 2021. Among the respondents, around 79% respondents suffering from mild infection believe that the risk of Covid-19 infection can be decreased by wearing mask, while 21% participants with severe infection had similar opinion and have significant association of wearing masks with infection level (p < .001). The predominant primary symptoms of COVID–19 infection was fever (80.9%), dry cough (60.4%), myalgia (56.6%), headache (50.5%), sneezing (38.2%), chest pain (25.9%), diarrhea (23.2%) and loss of smell/taste (21.5%). About 61.8% participants did not suffer from any co-morbidity. Others suffered mostly from diabetes (22.9%), cardiovascular disease (19.7%) and asthma/COPD (7.9%) as co-morbidities. 80.9% respondents having mild infection and 19.1% having severe infection always practiced all preventive measures as wearing masks, used alcohol-based hand rub and using PPE at workplace to avoid Covid-19 infection. The reported post-recovery symptoms are fatigue/muscle weakness (42.3%), headache (39.3%), loss of taste/smell (29.0%), depression (27.2%), cough (25.8%), breathing difficulty (21.1%), trouble in mobility (19.7%), chest pain (19.4%), loss of memory (18.1%), each of joint pain/arthralgia and fever (17.0%) and weight loss (16.4%). Recovery time was found to be significantly influenced by family income, the number of co-morbidities, and the location of therapy. Furthermore, age, the number of co-morbidities, and educational level were all strongly linked to the treatment location. Government needs to emphasize more on making sure the effective level of management at the hospitals and extensive level of awareness at the community level where concerted efforts is inevitable.
Enzyme PTP-1B Inhibition Studies by Vanadium Metal Complexes: A Kinetic Approach
Authors: Shaik Ayub 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The medical field now needs more novel drugs to treat obesity and type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) than ever before. Obesity and T2D are both characterized by resistance to the hormones leptin and insulin. PTP-1B is a promising target for drug growth as strong genetic, pharmacological and biochemical evidence points to the possibility of treating diabetes and obesity by blocking the PTP-1B enzyme. Studies have also found that PTP-1B is over expressed in patients with diabetes and obesity, suggesting that inhibiting PTP-1B may be a useful technique in their care. There aren't any clinically used PTP-1B inhibitors, despite the fact that numerous naturally occurring PTP-1B inhibitors demonstrated great therapeutic promise. This is most likely because of their low activity or lack of selectivity. It is still important to look for more effective and focused PTP-1B inhibitors. A few organo vanadium metal complexes were synthesized, characterized, and binding studies on vanadium complexes with PTP-B were also performed using Fluorescence Emission Spectroscopy. Additionally, we theoretically (molecular modeling) and experimentally (enzyme kinetics) examined the PTP-1B inhibitory effects of these vanadium metal complexes and found that they have excellent PTP-1B inhibitory properties.
Quantum Signature of Anisotropic Singularities in Hydrogen Bond Breaking of Water Dimer
Authors: Ali Md. Rejwan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In a recent paper, via three different semi-empirical methods, we reported quantum singularities of molecular electronic energies as signature of chemical bond break-up process in Rivastigmine drug molecule with torsion angle variation around -CO- bond revealed broken chemical moieties of Rivastigmine under experimental X-ray structure identification. In this present work, applying first principle methods of Hartree-Fock, Density Functional as well as Moller-Plesset techniques. we have reconfirmed the previous general predictions of singularities in molecular electronic energy with torsion angle variation around weak H-bond of water dimer. Due to quantum nature of chemical bond breaking process leading to break-point conditions in otherwise connected molecular topology, the singularities in electronic energy is also suggestive of classical large force as needed in bond-breaking process onset. In this paper, we have presented the details of these interesting findings studied on water dimer. These results of quantum singularities can be useful to improve current force field and to understand reaction chemistry involving bond-breaking under geometrical constrains.
Future trends in atmospheric circulation patterns over Africa south of the equator
Authors: Ibebuchi Chibuike Chiedozie 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The impact of climate change on the frequency of occurrence of atmospheric circulation patterns can have a wide range of consequences ranging from weather extremes to the modification of pollutant transport. This study uses 11 CMIP6 global climate models (GCMs) to investigate the impact of future climate change on the frequency of occurrence of atmospheric circulation patterns, in Africa south of the equator. Here it is shown from the historical analysis that there are statistically significant trends in the frequency of occurrence of some of the classified circulation types (CTs) in the study region. Further, under the SSP5-8.5 and SSP2-4.5 emission scenarios, the historical CTs were reproduced, suggesting that future climate change will not constrain the existence of the CTs. However, for future emission scenarios, the ensemble of the GCMs projects notable changes in the spatial structure of the CTs and statistically significant trends in the frequency of occurrence of most of the CTs, towards the end of the 21st century. The intensity of the projected changes in the spatial structure and linear trends in the frequency of occurrence of the CTs are relatively stronger under the higher emission scenario. As regards changes in synoptic circulations in the study region, the ensemble of the GCMs project, (i) a positive trend in the frequency of occurrence of austral summer dominant CTs associated with atmospheric blocking of the Southern Hemisphere mid-latitude cyclones, adjacent to South Africa; (ii) alternating frequent periods of enhanced (suppressed) anticyclonic circulation at the western branch of the Mascarene high possibly due to a more positive phase of the Southern Annular Mode (warmer southwest Indian Ocean); (iii) possible weakening of the Angola low. The aforementioned changes can be expected to have direct impacts on the regional climates in the study region.
Recent Advancement in Synthesis and Bioactivities of 1,3,4-Oxadiazole
Authors: Chaudhary Tarun , Upadhyay Prabhat Kumar 
Published: December 2022

Abstract:
Derivatives of 1,3,4-oxadiazole are effective in the treatment and cure of a wide range
of diseases in medical chemistry, while industrial development has shown that they can be utilised
as corrosion inhibitors and light-emitting diodes. The researchers discovered several promising
synthetic strategies that created 1,3,4-oxadiazoles in extraordinarily high yields while using environmentally
friendly methods. These compounds can potentially be used in a wide range of lifechanging
applications. Stable isomeric oxadiazole forms of pleconaril, raltegravir, butalamine,
fasiplon, oxolamine, and several other drugs are among the numerous potent and effective pharmaceuticals
that are now on the market. Fasiplon, butalamine, raltegravir, and pleconaril treat
HIV/AIDS patients. This article has attempted to bring attention to the chemistry and pharmacology
of oxadiazole and its derivatives. Oxadiazole derivatives have been used extensively as prospective
therapeutic agents in clinical research, and this has become standard practice. The use of biological
and in-silico models has enabled scientists to identify more synthetic analogues of cancer prevention,
antifungal, and anti-HIV medications. This article provides recent information regarding procedures
for synthesizing 1,3,4-oxadiazoles and their biological actions on the body.
RBC Membrane-coated Nanoparticles: A Comprehensive Review on the Preparation Methods, Characterisations and Applications
Authors: Sammour Rana M.F. , Almardod Zainab A. , Alkayed Amira I.M. , Makhashen Marwa G.B. , Sbahi Tasneem M.H. , Ahmed Alaa I.M. , Albacha Rasha F. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract:Natural cells have become an area of interest due to their biocompatibility, nonimmunogenicity, biodegradability, and targeting specificity. The human vascular system retains distinctive physiological features that can be developed for enhanced and effective targeted drug delivery. Red blood cells (RBCs) have unique features and properties that make them potential natural carriers for numerous substances. Recently, the RBC membrane has become a unique biological carrier and it has been extensively studied due to its long-circulating half-life, low toxicity, high stability and the ability to transport various biologically active substances with higher drug release efficiency. Among the benefits of the RBC membrane as a drug delivery carrier in medical and biological fields is the use of this system in anticancer therapy. Antitumor drugs are loaded in gold NP, magnetic NPs, or mesoporous silica NPs. Then, the loaded NP is used as a core and coated with an RBC membrane to protect the NP from immune attack and enhance drug targeting. Moreover, RBCs have been used for encapsulating different enzymes to overcome the undesirable outcomes associated with enzyme replacement therapy. This review highlighted the most recent RBC membrane preparation methods, such as Membrane coating technology and Osmotic Loading Procedures. The recent advances in the design of RBC membrane carriers and discuss the applications of RBCs in different fields such as therapeutic enzymes, immunotherapy and anti-tumour therapy. Given the potential risks and challenges in the development of any treatment protocol, this review elucidated the problematic aspects and prospects, describing new modalities to overcome these problems. RBCs as a drug carriers are among the most interesting topics as a novel drug delivery system as they are convenient, effective, safer, biocompatible and have good properties to deliver and administrate the drug specifically to the target site of action with fewer side effects and interference with therapeutic aspects.
Safety and Effectiveness of Intravitreal Dexamethasone Implant (Ozurdex®) for the Treatment of Refractory Cystoid Macular Oedema (CMO) in Galway University Hospital
Authors: Tang Bobby , Yeow Casserene E. Shen , Harney Fiona , Townley Deirdre 
Published: December 2022

Aim:
The aim of this study is to assess the real-life effectiveness and safety of intravitreal Ozurdex in an Irish setting.

Background:
Ozurdex is an intravitreal dexamethasone implant that is used for the treatment of macular oedema secondary to retinal vein occlusion and diabetic macular oedema.

Methods:
This was a retrospective observational study of adult patients in University Hospital Galway who received an intravitreal dexamethasone implant (Ozurdex) for the treatment of cystoid macular oedema secondary to diabetic eye disease or retinal vein occlusion. The main outcome was the mean change in best-corrected visual acuity 3-6 months after the treatment.

Results and Discussion:
36 patients were included in the study. Overall, there was a 1.66 mean letter gain (SD 11.8) 3-6 months post-treatment. The proportion of patients who gained >10 letters was 15.6%. The mean reduction in CST was 110.6um (SD 255.7), and in the linear regression analysis, no variables were found to be significantly associated with a change in visual acuity. In terms of adverse events, 14.3% of patients had significant cataract progression and 20.6% of patients had a significant rise in IOP following intravitreal Ozurdex implant.

Conclusion:
Intravitreal Ozurdex was found to be safe and effective, supporting it as an appropriate second-line treatment in patients with refractory macular oedema secondary to diabetic eye disease and retinal vein occlusion. Further studies should be carried out to evaluate the possible predictors of visual acuity outcome.
Software-Based Simulation on a 3D Environment for Vaccination Teaching and Learning: Design Science Research
Authors: Domingueti Daniel , Barbosa Feres Carvalho Darlinton , Colombo Dias Diego Roberto , Oliveira Valéria Conceição 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundStudent training requires specific laboratories for vaccination practice, which are usually limited, and even professionals’ continuing education regularly lacks proper care. Thus, new methodologies, concepts, and technologies, such as software-based simulations, are in highly demand.ObjectiveThis work aims to develop a 3D virtual environment to support teaching activities in the vaccination room. The software-based simulation must contribute positively to teaching considering a variable set of scenarios.MethodsWe applied the design science research method to guide the work. First, the concepts and opportunities were raised, which we used to build the simulation (ie, the proposed technological artifact). The development was assisted by a specialist, in which we sought to create a vaccination room according to Brazilian standards. The artifact evaluation was achieved in 2 stages: (1) an evaluation to validate the design with experts through the Delphi method; and (2) a field evaluation with nursing students to validate aspects of usability (System Usability Scale [SUS]) and technology acceptance and use (Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology version 2).ResultsWe built the simulation software using the Unity game engine. An additional module was also developed to create simulation scenarios and view the students’ performance reports. The design evaluation showed that the proposed solution is adequate. Students’ evaluations confirm good usability (SUS score of 81.4), besides highlighting Performance Expectation as the most positively influential factor of Behavioral Intention. Effort Expectancy is positively affected by younger users. Both evaluation audiences cited the high relevance of the proposed artifact for teaching. Points for improvement are also reported.ConclusionsThe research accomplished its goal of creating a software-based simulation to support teaching scenarios in the vaccination room. The evaluations still reveal desirable improvements and user behavior toward this kind of technological artifact.
PHARMACOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT OF ORAL LESIONS IN ADENOID CYSTIC CARCINOMA PATIENTS UNDERGOING RADIOTHERAPY
Authors: ROSA DESI ELVHIRA , ADHISTY THEODORA , DEWI TENNY SETIANI 
Published: December 2022

Objective: This case report aimed to describe the pharmacological management of oral lesions in adenoid cystic submental carcinoma patients undergoing radiotherapy.
Methods: A 48 y old female undergoing radiotherapy complained of difficulty eating, swallowing, and speaking due to severe pain in her oral cavity for three weeks. Intra-oral examination revealed painful yellowish-white plaques that could not be scrapped on the tongue, maxillary and mandibular anterior gingiva, left and right buccal mucosa, and palate, diagnosed with oral candidiasis. We also found multiple shallow ulcers on the left buccal mucosa and upper labial mucosa that can be seen as oral mucositis.
Results: The patient was given nystatin oral suspension for oral candidiasis, benzydamine hydrochloride for the complaint of pain when swallowing, and saline for promoting wound healing and keeping the oral mucosa moist. These lesions healed in a week and she could eat solid food without pain.
Conclusion: Appropriate pharmacological management of oral lesions in a patient undergoing radiotherapy provides significant healing to better quality of life.
Comprehensive Review on Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Rohit Nandini , Thakur Bhupendra , Jain Anushree , Jain Prateek Kumar , Khare Basant , Jat Yashwant Singh 
Published: December 2022

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory, systemic, progressive, autoimmune disease in which the body’s immune system whose major role is to protect the health by attacking foreign bacteria and viruses are mistakenly, attacking the joints resulting in thickened synovium, pannus formation & destruction of bone, cartilage. Many complications can follow such as permanent joint damage requiring arthroplasty, rheumatoid vasculitis and elty’s syndrome requiring splenectomy if it remains unaddressed. Still now researchers are unable to know the exact cause of this disease. However, it is believed that age, gender, genetics and environmental exposure (cigarette smoking, air pollutants and occupational) play a role in development of RA. As there is no cure for RA, the treatment goals are to reduce the pain and stop/slow the further damage. The identification of novel autoantibodies has improved diagnostic accuracy, and newly developed classification criteria facilitate the recognition and study of the disease early in its course. New clinical assessment tools are able to better characterize disease activity states, which are correlated with progression of damage and disability and permit improved follow up. In addition, better understanding of the pathogenesis of RA through recognition of key cells and cytokines has led to the development of targeted disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. Altogether, the improved understanding of the pathogenetic processes involved, rational use of established drugs and development of new drugs and reliable assessment tools have drastically altered the lives of individuals with RA over the past 2 decades. In this review, we discuss the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of RA.
Keywords: Rheumatoid arthritis, Pathogenesis, Disease modifying anti-arthritic drugs, Genetics, Environmental, Autoantibodies