bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of psychoactive drugs in injured patients presenting to an emergency department
Authors: Isles Siobhan , McBride Paul , Gee Paul , Fleischer Dominic , Kappatos Diana , Pandey Rishi , Civil Ian , Gabbe Belinda 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to obtain an unbiased understanding of the prevalence of psychoactive drugs in trauma patients presenting to a large ED.MethodsConsecutive adult patients presenting to the ED with an injury resulting in a trauma call had an anonymised, additional blood test taken for detection of over 2000 drugs. Laboratory testing was to judicial standards. Drugs given by ambulance pre‐hospital were detected but excluded from the analysis.ResultsOver 6 months 276 (74.7%) of 371 patients were tested. Of the 276 patients tested, 158 (57.2%) had one or more psychoactive drug present. Recreational drugs were detected in 101 (36.6%) patients and medicinal drugs in 88 (31.8%) patients, with a combination of both detected in 31 (11.2%) patients. The most common drugs detected were cannabis (22.1%), antidepressants (18.4%), alcohol (15.5%), opioids (10.1%), benzodiazepine/z‐drugs (9.4%) and methamphetamine (7.2%). The prevalence of psychoactive drugs differed by age group, sex and cause of injury.ConclusionsThe prevalence of psychoactive drugs in injury presentations to an ED is high, and provides an opportunity to reduce harm. The present study demonstrates the feasibility of an approach which limits bias and obtains results that accurately reflect the drug prevalence in injured cohorts. Systematic testing of injured patients is an important contribution to the epidemiology of injury.
Clinical utility of EBUS‐TBNA of hilar, interlobar, and lobar lymph nodes in patients with primary lung cancer
Authors: Wi Seungbum , Kim Bo‐Guen , Shin Sun Hye , Jhun Byung Woo , Yoo Hongseok , Jeong Byeong‐Ho , Lee Kyungjong , Kim Hojoong , Kwon O Jung , Han Joungho , Kim Jhingook , Um Sang‐Won 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundEndobronchial ultrasound‐guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS‐TBNA) is used to evaluate hilar/interlobar/lobar lymph nodes. This study aimed to assess the clinical utility of EBUS‐TBNA for station 10/11/12 lymph nodes (LNs) in patients with primary lung cancer.MethodsThis was a retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected database of patients with primary lung cancer who underwent EBUS‐TBNA for station 10/11/12 LNs from January 2015 to December 2019. Patients with benign results from EBUS‐TBNA who did not undergo surgical sampling/clinical follow‐up or who received radiotherapy/chemotherapy were excluded.ResultsThe analyses were conducted on 889 LNs from 797 patients. The overall diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, negative predictive value (NPV), and positive predictive value of EBUS‐TBNA were 95.7, 100, 97.3, 93.2, and 100%, respectively. Diagnostic sensitivity was significantly lower for LNs <10 mm than ≥10 mm in size (90.1% vs. 97.8%; p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in diagnostic performance according to the nodal station (10 vs. 11/12) and left‐ versus right‐sided LNs. The diagnostic sensitivity (100 vs. 95.5%; p = 0.221) and specificity (100 vs. 100%) of N3 LNs was not significantly different from those of N1 LNs. In this study, eight (8/91, 8.8%) patients with cN1 NSCLC received neoadjuvant treatment based on the results of EBUS‐TBNA.ConclusionEBUS‐TBNA accurately evaluates station 10/11/12 LNs of both N1 and N3 disease. The diagnostic performances of EBUS‐TBNA for station 10/11/12 LNs seem to be comparable to those of EBUS‐TBNA for mediastinal LNs.
Morphological description of early zoeal stages of the snapping shrimp Alpheus buckupi (Caridea: Alpheidae) reared in the laboratory
Authors: Pescinelli Régis Augusto , Sanches Nádia de Moraes , Costa Rogerio Caetano 
Published: July 2022

AbstractLarval information plays an important role in life history and population dynamics studies, as well as in phylogenetic and systematic ones. The early zoeal stages (zoea I, II and III) of the snapping shrimp Alpheus buckupi were described and illustrated based on laboratory‐hatched larvae from parental females sampled in Cananéia, São Paulo State, Brazil. The morphological characters of the species were compared with descriptions of other Alpheus species with a known first zoeal stage. The first zoeal stage of this species can be separated from the first zoeal stage described for the other 26 species using the following combination of characteristics: basial endite of maxillule with 2 stout spines (distal one with two rows of spinules) and 2 small plumose setae; basial endite of maxilla bilobed, with 3 and 4 simple setae on proximal and distal lobe, respectively, and five (3 strong and 2 slender) simple setae arranged (2 + 2 + 1) on the basis of first maxilliped. The substantial progress in larval knowledge is fundamental to areas such as ecology and will allow us to better understand the distribution of different early life stages of Alpheus species in the meroplankton community.
Pharmacogenetic and drug interaction aspects on ketamine safety in its use as antidepressant ‐ implications for precision dosing in a global perspective
Authors: Langmia Immaculate M. , Just Katja S. , Yamoune Sabrina , Müller Julian Peter , Stingl Julia C. 
Published: July 2022

Ketamine and its enantiomer S‐ketamine (esketamine) are known to produce rapid‐onset antidepressant effects in major depression. Intranasal esketamine has recently come onto the market as an antidepressant. Besides experience from short‐term use in anaesthesia and analgesia, the experience with ketamine as long‐term medication is rather low. The use of ketamine and esketamine is limited due to potential neurotoxicity, psychotomimetic side effects, potential abuse and interindividual variability in treatment response including cessation of therapy. Therefore, taking a look at individual patient risks and potential underlying variability in pharmacokinetics may improve safety and dosing of these new antidepressant drugs in clinical practice.Differential drug metabolism due to polymorphic cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes and gene‐drug interactions are known to influence the efficacy and safety of many drugs. Ketamine and esketamine are metabolized by polymorphic CYP enzymes including CYP2B6, CYP3A4, CYP2C9 and CYP2A6. In antidepressant drug therapy, usually multiple drugs are administered which are substrates of CYP enzymes, increasing the risk for drug–drug interactions. We reviewed the potential impact of polymorphic CYP variants and common drug–drug interactions in antidepressant drug therapy affecting ketamine pharmacokinetics, and the role for dose optimization. The use of ketamine or intranasal esketamine as antidepressants demands a better understanding of the factors that may impact its metabolism and efficacy in long‐term use. In addition to other clinical and environmental confounders, prior information on the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic determinants of response variability to ketamine and esketamine may inform on dose optimization and identification of individuals at risk of adverse drug reactions.
Cutaneous manifestations of lymphoid-variant hypereosinophilic syndrome
Authors: Laurent Claire , Lefèvre Guillaume , Kahn Jean-Emmanuel , Staumont-Salle Delphine , Felten Renaud , Puget Marie , Moulinet Thomas , Machelart Irène , Launay David , Charvet Estelle , Bouaziz Jean David , Jachiet Marie , Espitia Alexandra , Mahr Alfred , Le Clech Christian , Malphettes Marion , Morice Cécile , Mourah Samia , Moins-Teisserenc Hélène , Lifermann François , Soulier-Guérin Karine , Villate Alban , Baillou Chloé , Grados Aurélie , Robbins Ailsa , Abisror Noemie , Bagot Martine , Boutboul David , Panel Kewin , Vignon-Pennamen Marie-Dominique , Rivet Jacqueline , Battistella Maxime , Groh Matthieu , de Masson Adèle ,   on behalf of the CEREO network
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Pentoxifylline as a therapeutic option for pre‐eclampsia: a study on its placental effects
Authors: Broekhuizen Michelle , de Vries Rene , Smits Marja A. W. , Dik Willem A. , Schoenmakers Sam , Koch Birgit C. P. , Merkus Daphne , Reiss Irwin K. M. , Danser A. H. Jan , Simons Sinno H. P. , Hitzerd Emilie 
Published: July 2022

Background and PurposeRecently pentoxifylline, a non‐selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor and adenosine receptor antagonist, has attracted much interest for the treatment of the increased vascular resistance and endothelial dysfunction in pre‐eclampsia. We therefore investigated the placental transfer, vascular effects and anti‐inflammatory actions of pentoxifylline in healthy and pre‐eclamptic human placentas.Experimental ApproachThe placental transfer and metabolism of pentoxifylline were studied using ex vivo placenta perfusion experiments. In wire myography experiments with chorionic plate arteries, pentoxifyllines vasodilator properties were investigated, focusing on the cGMP and cAMP pathways and adenosine receptors. Its effects on inflammatory factors were also studied in placental explants.Key ResultsPentoxifylline transferred from the maternal to foetal circulation, reaching identical concentrations. The placenta metabolized pentoxifylline into its active metabolite lisofylline (M1), which was released into both circulations. In healthy placentas, pentoxifylline potentiated cAMP‐ and cGMP‐induced vasodilation, as well as causing vasodilation by adenosine A1 antagonism and via NO synthase and PKG. Pentoxifylline also reduced inflammatory factors secretion. In pre‐eclamptic placentas, we observed that its vasodilator capacity was preserved, however not via NO‐PKG but likely through adenosine signalling. Pentoxifylline neither potentiated vasodilation through cAMP and cGMP, nor suppressed the release of inflammatory factors from these placentas.Conclusion and ImplicationsPentoxifylline is transferred across and metabolized by the placenta. Its beneficial effects on the NO pathway and inflammation are not retained in pre‐eclampsia, limiting its application in this disease, although it could be useful for other placenta‐related disorders. Future studies might focus on selective A1 receptor antagonists as a new treatment for pre‐eclampsia.
In vitro scanning accuracy using different aids for multiple implants in the edentulous arch
Authors: Kernen Florian R. , Recca Mario , Vach Kirstin , Nahles Susanne , Nelson Katja , Flügge Tabea V. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectivesOptical impressions of implants in the edentulous arch are challenged by the absence of distinct surface morphology between multiple implant scan bodies. The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate a newly developed scan aid in various designs and colors to improve the accuracy of multi‐implant scans.Materials and MethodsA universal scan aid in three different designs (circular, square, irregular) and three different materials (colors: beige, gray, white) was applied to the implant scan bodies of a master model of six implants in an edentulous maxilla. Ten scans using an intra‐oral scanner of each scan aid were acquired. Reference scanning was performed using a desktop optical scanner. Alignment of scans was performed at the first scan body in a three‐dimensional modeling and inspection software and deviations for trueness and precision were calculated using the signed nearest‐neighbor method and then statistically analyzed (α = .05).ResultsOverall, the beige irregular scan aid had the highest trueness and showed significant differences compared to unsplinted scans. The precision showed more heterogenous results and decreased when using the scan aid. Ease of use was observed with the irregular gray scan aid due to its increased elongation at break.ConclusionsThe evaluated scan aid led to improved trueness when compared to unsplinted scans. Even though the irregular design in beige color showed highest trueness, the poor fracture strength of the tested material requires further improvement.
Cardiac remodeling after atrial septal defects device closure
Authors: Saedi Tahereh , Firouzi Ata , Saedi Sedigheh 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundTrans‐catheter device closure of secundum type atrial septal defects (ASDs) has now become the treatment of choice. Device closure affects the hemodynamics and function of the heart. In the current study, we investigated the remodeling of the heart as assessed by advanced echocardiographic parameters following successful device closure.MethodsA prospective cohort study was conducted and 45 patients who were eligible for ASD device closure were evaluated for volumetric, functional, Doppler, strain, and strain rate data of left and right atrium and ventricle pre‐procedural and 48 h post‐procedureResultsIn a prospective cohort study 45 patients who were eligible for ASD device closure; atrial and ventricular volumetric, functional, Doppler, strain, and strain rate data were recorded and compared pre‐procedurally and 48 h post‐procedure.We found significant changes in the left ventricular (LV) end diastolic volume index (p‐value = .03), right ventricular (RV) diameter (p‐value = <.001), left atrial (LA) volume index (p‐value = .05), right atrial (RA) volume index (p‐value = .001), and right and left sided E/e’ ratio with a p‐value of .001 and .004, respectively. Our findings showed a significant reduction in the strains of the right and left atria and the right ventricular free wall after ASD device closure. LV global longitudinal strain decreased after the procedure but did not reach statistical significance.ConclusionASD patients have impaired global strains compared to normal defined ranges. LA, RA, and RV strains show significant reduction after device closure. Decline in LA function following closure was greater in those with larger ASDs. In adult patients undergoing the procedure, abnormal LA function is a clinically relevant issue demanding pre and post‐ procedural precautions and treatment.
Characterisation of the immune microenvironment of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in immunosuppression
Authors: Rajesh Aarthi , Saito Mayumi , Morrin Helen , Tschirley Allison , Simcock Jeremy , Currie Margaret , Hibma Merilyn 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is a common cancer. Systemic immunosuppression with drugs such as Prednisone results in more aggressive disease. We hypothesise that more aggressive disease in immunosuppression is the result of immune changes in the tumor microenvironment. We characterised T cell, phagocytic and antigen presenting cell subsets in cSCC and determined if these infiltrates were altered by immunosuppressive therapy. We found a dominant “CD8 profile” in the centre of cSCC lesions, with CD8 cells correlating with Tbet, FoxP3, OX40 and “M2‐like” macrophages, whereas a “Tbet and granulocyte profile” with associated inflammation predominated at the margin of the tumor. Individuals on systemic immunosuppressive therapy had lesions that were comparable in size, stage and number of vessels to immune competent individuals; however, the number of CD11c positive cells in the lesion centre was significantly reduced. We conclude that cSCC lesions are immunologically heterogeneous across the lesion and that systemically immunosuppressed individuals have reduced CD11c positive cells in the centre of the lesion. The role and detailed phenotype of CD11c positive cells in cSCC lesions warrant further investigation.
A susceptibility putative haplotype within NLRP3 inflammasome gene influences ischaemic stroke risk in the population of Punjab, India
Authors: Kumar Nitin , Kaur Manminder , Singh Gurjinderpal , Valecha Srishti , Khinda Rubanpal , Di Napoli Mario , Singh Monica , Singh Puneetpal , Mastana Sarabjit 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDespite strong genetic implications of NLRP3 inflammasome, its examination as genetic determinant of ischaemic stroke (IS) remains to be done in Punjab, which has been investigated in this study. In this case control study, 400 subjects (200 IS patients, 200 stroke free controls) were included. Contributions of 5 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) including a functional SNP within NLRP3 gene (rs10754558, rs4612666, rs2027432, rs3738488 and rs1539019) for the risk of IS were investigated through genetic models after correcting the effect of significant variables. Plasma levels of three pro‐inflammatory markers, that is, C‐reactive protein (CRP), interleukin‐1beta (IL‐1β) and interleukin‐18 (IL‐18) were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Minor alleles of 3 out of 5 SNPs (rs10754558, rs4612666 and rs1539019) exhibited association with IS risk in additive, recessive and multiplicative models. Multivariable regression analysis confirmed that higher levels of systolic blood pressure (β ± SE: 1.42 ± 0.57, p = .013), CRP (β ± SE: 1.22 ± 0.41, p = .003), IL‐1β (β ± SE: 1.78 ± 0.88, p = .043) and IL‐18 (β ± SE: 1.13 ± 0.49, p = .021) were independent risk predictors for IS. Haplotype analysis revealed a susceptibility putative haplotype GTGTA, which approximately doubled the IS risk (OR: 1.98, 95% CI: 1.12–3.78, p = .04) in dominant mode after adjusting the effect with confounding variables. This susceptibility putative haplotype GTGTA was significantly associated with increased concentrations of CRP (β = 1.21, p = .014) and IL‐1β (β = 1.53, p = .034) in dose‐dependent manner (less in carriers of 1 copy than those who had 2 copies of GTGTA).The present study has revealed a susceptibility putative haplotype GTGTA within NLRP3 gene, carriers of which have double the risk of IS by having increased plasma levels of CRP and IL‐1β in a dose‐dependent manner.
Relationship between the number of lymph nodes dissected and prognosis in muscle‐invasive bladder cancer in the era of neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Tochigi Kosuke , Nagayama Jun , Bando Shoko , Ishiyama Akinobu , Yuba Takuma , Yuguchi Yuri , Matsui Hirotaka , Hattori Kyosuke , Gotoh Momokazu 
Published: July 2022

ObjectivesMany studies have shown a good prognostic association with a large number of lymph node dissections. However, most of these studies did not include patients who have received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The purpose of this study was to verify the relationship between survival outcomes and the number of lymph nodes removed during radical cystectomy in patients with muscle‐invasive bladder cancer in the era of neoadjuvant chemotherapy.MethodsThis retrospective study considered patients who were diagnosed with clinical ≥T2N0M0 muscle‐invasive bladder cancer and treated with radical cystectomy at the Nagoya University Hospital and affiliated hospitals from January 2004 to December 2019. We excluded patients who had a history of upper tract urothelial cancer or non‐urothelial carcinoma. The association between prognosis and the number of lymph nodes removed was investigated.ResultsWe retrospectively enrolled a total of 477 patients. The mean number of lymph nodes dissected was 14. Two hundred and twenty‐six patients (47.4%) received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. More extensive lymphadenectomy (≥15 lymph nodes) correlated with better 5‐year overall survival across all patients (68% vs. 57%, p = 0.01). In patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy, there was no difference in overall survival according to the number of dissected lymph nodes (66% vs. 71%, p = 0.433). In patients who did not receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy, ≥15 lymph nodes dissected was associated with significantly better overall survival (70.3% vs. 46.9%, p < 0.01).ConclusionsNo association between more aggressive lymph node dissection and prognosis was found in patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Conversely, extended lymph node dissection is desirable for patients who have not received neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Hemodynamic stress‐induced cardiac remodelling is not modulated by ablation of phosphodiesterase 4D interacting protein
Authors: Mohamed Belal A. , Elkenani Manar , Mobarak Sherok , Marques Rodrigues Daniel , Annamalai Karthika , Schnelle Moritz , Bader Michael , Hasenfuss Gerd , Toischer Karl 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAdrenergic stimulation in the heart activates the protein kinase A (PKA), which phosphorylates key proteins involved in intracellular Ca2+ handling. PKA is held in proximity to its substrates by protein scaffolds, the A kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs). We have previously identified the transcript of phosphodiesterase 4D interacting protein (Pde4dip; also known as myomegalin), one of the sarcomeric AKAPs, as being differentially expressed following hemodynamic overload, a condition inducing hyperadrenergic state in the heart. Here, we addressed whether PDE4DIP is involved in the adverse cardiac remodelling following hemodynamic stress. Homozygous Pde4dip knockout (KO) mice, generated by CRISPR‐Cas9 technology, and wild‐type (WT) littermates were exposed to aortocaval shunt (shunt) or transthoracic aortic constriction (TAC) to induce hemodynamic volume overload (VO) or pressure overload (PO), respectively. The mortality, cardiac structure, function and pathological cardiac remodelling were followed up after hemodynamic injuries. The PDE4DIP protein level was markedly downregulated in volume‐overloaded‐ but upregulated in pressure‐overloaded‐WT hearts. Following shunt or TAC, mortality rates were comparably increased in both genotypes. Twelve weeks after shunt or TAC, Pde4dip‐KO animals showed a similar degree of cardiac hypertrophy, dilatation and dysfunction as WT mice. Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, myocardial fibrosis, reactivation of cardiac stress genes and downregulation of ATPase, Ca2+ transporting, cardiac muscle, slow twitch 2 transcript did not differ between WT and Pde4dip‐KO hearts following shunt or TAC. In summary, despite a differential expression of PDE4DIP protein in remodelled WT hearts, Pde4dip deficiency does not modulate adverse cardiac remodelling after hemodynamic VO or PO.
Boundary of the firm with endogenous firm structure
Authors: Ma Qing , Wang Susheng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe study the boundary of the firm with endogenous firm structure. The firm has two restructuring options: internal restructuring by which the firm centralizes or decentralizes decision making, or external restructuring by which the firm spins off a division. We investigate the firm's restructuring options to determine its boundary based on the optimal firm structure. Our conclusion depends on market uncertainty, market size, market competition, synergy among divisions, and coordination costs. We find that when market uncertainty rises, a decentralized firm (D‐firm) conducts internal restructuring, whereas a centralized firm (C‐firm) conducts external restructuring. A D‐firm chooses to stay put when market competition intensifies, whereas a C‐firm chooses to conduct either internal or external restructuring depending on whether a positive synergy exists among its divisions.
Banks' Strategic Responses to Supervisory Coverage: Evidence from a Natural Experiment
Authors: IVANOV IVAN T. , RANISH BEN , WANG JAMES 
Published: July 2022

AbstractU.S. bank supervisors conduct frequent and comprehensive loan‐level exams of the syndicated loan market. These exams are costly as adverse exam loan ratings may increase supervisory scrutiny and reduce bank capital. Relying on an unexpected change in supervisory coverage in 1998, we estimate that the cost of bank credit for borrowers excluded from supervision decreases by approximately 18%. We show that large lenders use the coverage change to exclude deals from supervision, especially riskier deals. Strikingly, small lenders shift their lending to increase supervisory coverage, suggesting the potential importance of supervision in reducing information asymmetries within lending syndicates.