bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification and genetic diversity analysis of hybrid offspring of azalea based on EST-SSR markers
Authors: Su Ming , Zhang Chunying , Feng Shucheng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAzalea is a world famous flower with high economic and ornamental value. The breeding of new azalea varieties is mainly done by cross breeding. However, there is a risk that cross breeding may cause errors in the hybrid offspring due to contamination by exogenous pollen. Therefore, the identification of hybrid offspring is an important part of azalea breeding. In this study, the parents of three hybrid combinations and their 88 F1 hybrid offspring were selected to screen 15 pairs of EST-SSR primers to identify the authenticity of azalea hybrid offspring. The results showed that the authenticity of 88 azalea F1 hybrid progenies could be determined by at least four primer pairs. Genetic diversity analysis of azalea hybrid progeny revealed that the number of alleles and polymorphic information content of the progeny increased to different degrees, and the more distant the genetic distance between parents, the richer the polymorphic information. It is suggested that EST-SSR molecular marker can be applied for the early identification and genetic diversity analysis of the progeny of azalea hybrids. This method is of positive significance for improving the breeding efficiency of new varieties and exploring the genetic background of azalea.
Computational model predicts the neural mechanisms of prepulse inhibition in Drosophila larvae
Authors: Furuya Kotaro , Katsumata Yuki , Ishibashi Masayuki , Matsumoto Yutaro , Morimoto Takako , Aonishi Toru 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPrepulse inhibition (PPI) is a behavioural phenomenon in which a preceding weaker stimulus suppresses the startle response to a subsequent stimulus. The effect of PPI has been found to be reduced in psychiatric patients and is a promising neurophysiological indicator of psychiatric disorders. Because the neural circuit of the startle response has been identified at the cellular level, investigating the mechanism underlying PPI in Drosophila melanogaster larvae through experiment-based mathematical modelling can provide valuable insights. We recently identified PPI in Drosophila larvae and found that PPI was reduced in larvae mutated with the Centaurin gamma 1A (CenG1A) gene, which may be associated with autism. In this study, we used numerical simulations to investigate the neural mechanisms underlying PPI in Drosophila larvae. We adjusted the parameters of a previously developed Drosophila larvae computational model and demonstrated that the model could reproduce several behaviours, including PPI. An analysis of the temporal changes in neuronal activity when PPI occurs using our neural circuit model suggested that the activity of specific neurons triggered by prepulses has a considerable effect on PPI. Furthermore, we validated our speculations on PPI reduction in CenG1A mutants with simulations.
Variations in limited resources allocation towards friends and strangers in children and adolescents from seven economically and culturally diverse societies
Authors: Butovskaya M. , Rostovtseva V. , Dronova D. , Burkova V. , Adam Y. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHumans are unique among primates in altruism and sharing limited recourses towards non-kin. Our study revealed the differences in proportions of individuals ready to share limited resources with virtual friend compared to virtual stranger in children and adolescents from seven ethnic groups, represented by four traditional rural African societies from Tanzania with different types of economy and three societies from Russia. The study was conducted between 2015 and 2020, and the data on 2253 individuals (1104 males and 1149 females) were obtained. Six economic games with limited resource allocations were conducted: Prosocial, Envy, and Sharing games with imagined friends and stranger partners accordingly. All players were later classified according to their decisions in all six games into four behavioral types: egoistic, egalitarian, altruistic, and mixed. The effects of population origin, gender, age, and stranger/friend type of interaction on the behavior were estimated by multinomial logistic regression. It was demonstrated that more respondents prefer altruistic and egalitarian behavior than egoistic and mixed in the whole sample. However, significant parochial effect was found. The study revealed significant main effects of ethnicity, age, and the interaction effects of ethnicity and parochial tendencies, and ethnicity and age on the behavior of players.
Simultaneous reduction and fixation using an anatomical suprapectineal quadrilateral surface plate through modified Stoppa approach in superomedially displaced acetabular fractures
Authors: Kwak Dae-Kyung , Lee Seung-Hun , Lee Kang-Uk , Hwang Ji-Hyo , Yoo Je-Hyun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTreatment of superomedially displaced acetabular fractures including a quadrilateral surface (QLS) is challenging. We present a surgical technique using an anatomical suprapectineal QLS plate through the modified Stoppa approach and report the availability of this plate to treat this fracture type along with the surgical outcomes. Sixteen consecutive patients (14 men and 2 women) who underwent surgical treatment using an anatomical suprapectineal QLS plate through a modified Stoppa approach for superomedially displaced acetabular fractures between June 2018 and June 2020, were enrolled retrospectively. These fractures included 11 both-column fractures and 5 anterior-column and posterior hemitransverse fractures, which were confirmed on preoperative 3-dimensional computed tomography. Surgical outcomes were clinically assessed using the Postel Merle d’Aubigné (PMA) score and visual analog scale (VAS) score at the final follow-up, and radiological evaluations were performed immediately after the operation and at the final follow-up. For comparative analysis, 23 patients who underwent internal fixation with the conventional reconstruction plate through modified ilioinguinal approach between February 2010 and May 2018, were selected. This control group was composed of 18 both-column fractures and 5 anterior-column and posterior hemitransverse fractures. The follow-up period was at least 1 year in all patients. The mean operation time and blood loss was 109 min, and 853 ml, respectively, whereas 236 min, and 1843 ml in control group. Anatomical reduction was achieved in 14 (87.5%) patients, while imperfect reduction was achieved in the remaining 2 patients. At the final follow-up, radiographic grades were excellent, fair, and poor in 14 patients (87.5%), one, and one, respectively. The mean PMA score was 16.1 (range 13–18) and the mean VAS score was 1.0 (range 0–3). No secondary reduction loss or implant loosening was observed. However, 2 patients underwent conversion to total hip arthroplasty (THA) due to post-traumatic arthritis and subsequent joint pain. No other complications were observed. In the comparative analysis, radiological outcome showed a significant relationship with the conversion to THA (p = 0.013). Shorter operation time and less blood loss were significantly observed in the QLS plate fixation group through the modified Stoppa approach compared with the conventional reconstruction plate fixation group through modified ilioinguinal approach (p < 0.001, respectively). Simultaneous reduction and fixation using an anatomical suprapectineal QLS plate through the modified Stoppa approach may be a viable technique in superomedially displaced acetabular fractures along with shorter operation time and less blood loss.
Deep compressed seismic learning for fast location and moment tensor inferences with natural and induced seismicity
Authors: Vera Rodriguez Ismael , Myklebust Erik B. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFast detection and characterization of seismic sources is crucial for decision-making and warning systems that monitor natural and induced seismicity. However, besides the laying out of ever denser monitoring networks of seismic instruments, the incorporation of new sensor technologies such as Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) further challenges our processing capabilities to deliver short turnaround answers from seismic monitoring. In response, this work describes a methodology for the learning of the seismological parameters: location and moment tensor from compressed seismic records. In this method, data dimensionality is reduced by applying a general encoding protocol derived from the principles of compressive sensing. The data in compressed form is then fed directly to a convolutional neural network that outputs fast predictions of the seismic source parameters. Thus, the proposed methodology can not only expedite data transmission from the field to the processing center, but also remove the decompression overhead that would be required for the application of traditional processing methods. An autoencoder is also explored as an equivalent alternative to perform the same job. We observe that the CS-based compression requires only a fraction of the computing power, time, data and expertise required to design and train an autoencoder to perform the same task. Implementation of the CS-method with a continuous flow of data together with generalization of the principles to other applications such as classification are also discussed.
Prebiotic synthesis of noncanonical nucleobases under plausible alkaline hydrothermal conditions
Authors: Pérez-Fernández Cristina , Vega Jorge , Rayo-Pizarroso Pedro , Mateo-Marti Eva , Ruiz-Bermejo Marta 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHerein, the potential of alkaline hydrothermal environments for the synthesis of possible ancestral pre-RNA nucleobases using cyanide as a primary source of carbon and nitrogen is described. Water cyanide polymerizations were assisted by microwave radiation to obtain high temperature and a relatively high pressure (MWR, 180 °C, 15 bar) and were also carried out using a conventional thermal system (CTS, 80 °C, 1 bar) to simulate subaerial and aerial hydrothermal conditions, respectively, on the early Earth. For these syntheses, the initial concentration of cyanide and the diffusion effects were studied. In addition, it is well known that hydrolysis conditions are directly related to the amount and diversity of organic molecules released from cyanide polymers. Thus, as a first step, we studied the effect of several hydrolysis procedures, generally used in prebiotic chemistry, on some of the potential pre-RNA nucleobases of interest, together with some of their isomers and/or deamination products, also presumably formed in these complex reactions. The results show that the alkaline hydrothermal scenarios with a relatively constant pH are good geological scenarios for the generation of noncanonical nucleobases using cyanide as a prebiotic precursor.
Significance of the anatomical relationship between the flexor digitorum longus and sustentaculum tali for reconsideration of the talocalcaneonavicular joint stability mechanism
Authors: Tsutsumi Masahiro , Kudo Shintarou , Nimura Akimoto , Akita Keiichi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe talocalcaneonavicular joint (TCN-j) is supported by the spring ligament, which has recently been revealed to be part of the joint capsule complex, along with the tendinous sheath of the tibialis posterior and flexor digitorum longus (FDL). Nonetheless, the FDL’s role in TCN-j stability has received limited attention. This study aimed to elucidate the positional relationships between the FDL and sustentaculum tali, which comprises the TCN-j. We hypothesized that the FDL runs medial to the sustentaculum tali, and its course significantly changes from the sitting to the standing position. Six ankles from six body donors were investigated, and seven ankles from seven volunteers were assessed using ultrasonography. The FDL was three-dimensionally located inferomedial to the sustentaculum tali. The FDL tendinous sheath was attached to the sustentaculum tali or connected by the tibialis posterior via the tendinous sheath. Based on the in vivo ultrasound image, the FDL location relative to the sustentaculum tali was maintained; however, the curvature of the FDL course was significantly more prominent in standing than in sitting. The FDL force against the bending moment may prevent the excessive eversion of the foot and aid the conventional spring ligament’s contribution to TCN-j stability for maintaining the longitudinal arch.
Metabolomic alterations in the blood plasma of older adults with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease (from the Nakayama Study)
Authors: Ozaki Tomoki , Yoshino Yuta , Tachibana Ayumi , Shimizu Hideaki , Mori Takaaki , Nakayama Tomohiko , Mawatari Kazuaki , Numata Shusuke , Iga Jun-ichi , Takahashi Akira , Ohmori Tetsuro , Ueno Shu-ichi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive disease, and the number of AD patients is increasing every year as the population ages. One of the pathophysiological mechanisms of AD is thought to be the effect of metabolomic abnormalities. There have been several studies of metabolomic abnormalities of AD, and new biomarkers are being investigated. Metabolomic studies have been attracting attention, and the aim of this study was to identify metabolomic biomarkers associated with AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Of the 927 participants in the Nakayama Study conducted in Iyo City, Ehime Prefecture, 106 were selected for this study as Control (n = 40), MCI (n = 26), and AD (n = 40) groups, matched by age and sex. Metabolomic comparisons were made across the three groups. Then, correlations between metabolites and clinical symptoms were examined. The blood mRNA levels of the ornithine metabolic enzymes were also measured. Of the plasma metabolites, significant differences were found in ornithine, uracil, and lysine. Ornithine was significantly decreased in the AD group compared to the Control and MCI groups (Control vs. AD: 97.2 vs. 77.4; P = 0.01, MCI vs. AD: 92.5 vs. 77.4; P = 0.02). Uracil and lysine were also significantly decreased in the AD group compared to the Control group (uracil, Control vs. AD: 272 vs. 235; P = 0.04, lysine, Control vs. AD: 208 vs. 176; P = 0.03). In the total sample, the MMSE score was significantly correlated with lysine, ornithine, thymine, and uracil. The Barthel index score was significantly correlated with lysine. The instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) score were significantly correlated with lysine, betaine, creatine, and thymine. In the ornithine metabolism pathway, the spermine synthase mRNA level was significantly decreased in AD. Ornithine was decreased, and mRNA expressions related to its metabolism were changed in the AD group compared to the Control and MCI groups, suggesting an association between abnormal ornithine metabolism and AD. Increased betaine and decreased methionine may also have the potential to serve as markers of higher IADL in elderly persons. Plasma metabolites may be useful for predicting the progression of AD.
Hybrid metagenome assemblies link carbohydrate structure with function in the human gut microbiome
Authors: Ravi Anuradha , Troncoso-Rey Perla , Ahn-Jarvis Jennifer , Corbin Kendall R. , Harris Suzanne , Harris Hannah , Aydin Alp , Kay Gemma L. , Le Viet Thanh , Gilroy Rachel , Pallen Mark J. , Page Andrew J. , O’Grady Justin , Warren Frederick J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractComplex carbohydrates that escape small intestinal digestion, are broken down in the large intestine by enzymes encoded by the gut microbiome. This is a symbiotic relationship between microbes and host, resulting in metabolic products that influence host health and are exploited by other microbes. However, the role of carbohydrate structure in directing microbiota community composition and the succession of carbohydrate-degrading microbes, is not fully understood. In this study we evaluate species-level compositional variation within a single microbiome in response to six structurally distinct carbohydrates in a controlled model gut using hybrid metagenome assemblies. We identified 509 high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) belonging to ten bacterial classes and 28 bacterial families. Bacterial species identified as carrying genes encoding starch binding modules increased in abundance in response to starches. The use of hybrid metagenomics has allowed identification of several uncultured species with the functional potential to degrade starch substrates for future study.
Paternal low protein diet perturbs inter-generational metabolic homeostasis in a tissue-specific manner in mice
Authors: Morgan Hannah L. , Furse Samuel , Dias Irundika H. K. , Shabir Kiran , Castellanos Marcos , Khan Iqbal , May Sean T. , Holmes Nadine , Carlile Matthew , Sang Fei , Wright Victoria , Koulman Albert , Watkins Adam J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe underlying mechanisms driving paternally-programmed metabolic disease in offspring remain poorly defined. We fed male C57BL/6 mice either a control normal protein diet (NPD; 18% protein) or an isocaloric low protein diet (LPD; 9% protein) for a minimum of 8 weeks. Using artificial insemination, in combination with vasectomised male mating, we generated offspring using either NPD or LPD sperm but in the presence of NPD or LPD seminal plasma. Offspring from either LPD sperm or seminal fluid display elevated body weight and tissue dyslipidaemia from just 3 weeks of age. These changes become more pronounced in adulthood, occurring in conjunction with altered hepatic metabolic and inflammatory pathway gene expression. Second generation offspring also display differential tissue lipid abundance, with profiles similar to those of first generation adults. These findings demonstrate that offspring metabolic homeostasis is perturbed in response to a suboptimal paternal diet with the effects still evident within a second generation.
Assessing seafood nutritional diversity together with climate impacts informs more comprehensive dietary advice
Authors: Bianchi Marta , Hallström Elinor , Parker Robert W. R. , Mifflin Kathleen , Tyedmers Peter , Ziegler Friederike 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSeafood holds promise for helping meet nutritional needs at a low climate impact. Here, we assess the nutrient density and greenhouse gas emissions, weighted by production method, that result from fishing and farming of globally important species. The highest nutrient benefit at the lowest emissions is achieved by consuming wild-caught small pelagic and salmonid species, and farmed bivalves like mussels and oysters. Many but not all seafood species provide more nutrition at lower emissions than land animal proteins, especially red meat, but large differences exist, even within species groups and species, depending on production method. Which nutrients contribute to nutrient density differs between seafoods, as do the nutrient needs of population groups within and between countries or regions. Based on the patterns found in nutritional attributes and climate impact, we recommend refocusing and tailoring production and consumption patterns towards species and production methods with improved nutrition and climate performance, taking into account specific nutritional needs and emission reduction goals.
A combination of a graphene quantum dots–cationic red dye donor–acceptor pair and cucurbit[7]uril as a supramolecular sensor for ultrasensitive detection of cancer biomarkers spermine and spermidine
Authors: Bhosle Akhil A. , Banerjee Mainak , Hiremath Sharanabasava D. , Sisodiya Dilawar S. , Naik Viraj G. , Barooah Nilotpal , Bhasikuttan Achikanath C. , Chattopadhyay Anjan , Chatterjee Amrita 
Published: September 2022

The use of a GQDs-based donor–acceptor pair in affinity-driven supramolecular sensing was first time introduced by the strategic introduction of a cavitand, CB[7] for selective and sensitive detection of spermine and spermidine under physiological conditions via a ratiometric response.
Determining Swallowing Biomechanics Underlying Modified Barium Swallow Impairment Profile Scoring Using Computational Analysis of Swallowing Mechanics
Authors: Krekeler Brittany N. , Davidson Kate , Kantarcigil Cagla , Pearson William , Blair Julie , Martin-Harris Bonnie 
Published: September 2022

Purpose:
The elements of impaired swallowing biomechanics are visually assessed and scored by clinicians using a standardized and validated tool for assessing type and severity of physiological impairments using the Modified Barium Swallow Impairment Profile (MBSImP). However, the functional anatomical correlates that underly noted impairments using MBSImP scoring have not been measured. The purpose of this study was to determine whether differences in MBSImP component scores represent differences in underlying swallowing mechanics as measured by computational analysis of swallowing mechanics (CASM) to better define underlying mechanisms of impairment.

Method:

A retrospective analysis of modified barium swallow studies from physician-referred adult patients with dysphagia was scored using the MBSImP for laryngeal elevation, anterior hyoid excursion, epiglottic movement, pharyngoesophageal segment opening, and tongue base retraction. A canonical variate analysis (CVA) was performed to determine the movement of anatomical landmarks associated with MBSImP component scores using the CASM method. Mahalanobis distances (
D
) were then used to detect differences among MBSImP scores for each component assessed.

Results:

CVA showed significant differences (
p
< .0001) in Mahalanobis distance (
D
> 1) between MBSImP component scores of 0–1, 0–2, 0–3, or 0–4, as applicable, depending on the component. Discriminant function analyses revealed concomitant increase/worsening in MBSImP score with changes in anatomical positioning of structures.

Conclusions:
Ratings of swallowing impairment and physiology using the MBSImP have distinct biomechanical correlates with anatomical movements of swallowing. These data further demonstrate how swallowing mechanics are highly interrelated. Understanding these linkages between anatomical and physiological movement within impaired swallowing biomechanics is essential in more specific characterization and treatment of dysphagia.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.20816788
Osteoporose bei/durch Adipositas – Schutz oder Risiko?
Authors: Schober Hans-Christof , Kasch Katharina , Schröder Guido 
Published: September 2022

ZusammenfassungAdipositas und Osteoporose sind häufige Erkrankungen, ein Zusammenhang zwischen beiden wird kontrovers beschrieben. Zum einen geht Adipositas mit einer Vielzahl von Komorbiditäten einher die den Knochenstoffwechsel beeinflussen und das Frakturrisiko erhöhen, zum anderen können die höhere Last auf den Knochen und der Weichteilmantel protektiv bei Stürzen wirken. Komorbiditäten der Adipositas fördern eine eingeschränkte Beweglichkeit und Stürze. Bei Adipositas findet sich daher eine Kombination aus peripheren Frakturen und Osteoporose-assoziierten Brüchen. Knochendichtemessungen und Bestimmungen der Knochenumbaumarker sind zur Abschätzung des Frakturrisikos bei dieser Klientel nur bedingt geeignet.