bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Study of the Wear Performance of Stellite 6 Hardfacing Coatings Applied by HVOF and GTAW Hot Wire Cladding Onto Steel Substrates
Authors: Lima C. , Belém M. , Camargo F. , Libardi R. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Stellite 6 is a widely applied hardfacing alloy with good corrosion and wear resistance. Several different techniques have been used to deposit this alloy, like oxyacetylene, Tungsten Inert Gas welding overlay, CO2 laser cladding and thermal spray methods. This paper evaluates the wear and corrosion resistance of Stellite 6 coatings applied by high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) spraying and gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) hot wire technique. Mechanical properties and microstructural characteristics of the coatings are assessed and compared. The influence of these properties in the wear results is further discussed.
Substrate Preparation by Laser Texturing for Improved Coating Adhesion on AZ91D Magnesium Alloy
Authors: Aulakh S. S. , Kaushal G. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
WC-12 Co powder was thermal sprayed on AZ91D Magnesium alloy using HVOF technique. Laser texturing substrate preparation technique was used to roughen the surface for good coating adhesion. Adhesion strength of the coating was determined using ASTM 633C adhesion strength test for thick coatings. were used to investigate coating microstructure. Coating was characterized for porosity, micro hardness and Scanning electron microscopy and X- ray diffraction techniques. The coating hence prepared, were found to achieve good adhesion strength, micro hardness and low porosity.
Effect of Electromagnetic Field During Solidification of Ni-Based Alloyed Splats
Authors: Recalde O. , Castro W. , Bejarano M. L. , Vargas M. , Valarezo A. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
A high electromagnetic field (0.3 T-Teslas) was applied during the solidification of Ni-based alloyed splats. Ni, NiCr, NiCrAl, NiCrBSiFe powders were deposited over steel polished substrates using a flame spray and a plasma spray torch. A strong electromagnet was used to produce sufficient magnetic field to induce effects over the splats during solidification. A remarkable change in splat morphology and chemical segregation was identified specially in NiCrBSiFe and the other alloys. Optical microscopy, surface profilometry, and SEM images revealed changes in the regular cracking trends, splashing, and thickness of the splats. This experimental study discusses the possible explanations for this phenomena. The adherence of the coating is the main property to be analyzed with the goal of improving the mechanical interlocking, and therefore, adhesion by engineering the applied electromagnetic field.
Effect of Substrate Roughness and Thickness on the Gas-Substrate Convective Heat Transfer During Cold Spraying
Authors: Mahdavi A. , McDonald A. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this study, the effect of the substrate roughness and thickness on the heat transfer coefficient of the impinging air jet upon a flat substrate was investigated. A low-pressure cold spraying unit was used to generate a compressed air jet that impinged on a flat substrate. A detailed mathematical model was developed and coupled with experimental data to determine the heat transfer coefficient and surface temperature of the substrate. It was found that increasing the roughness of the substrate enhanced the heat exchange between the impinging air jet and the substrate. As a result, higher surface temperatures on the rough substrate were measured. It was further found that the Nusselt number that was predicted by the model was independent of the thickness of the substrate. The results of the current study were aimed to cover the influential substrate parameters on surface temperature of the substrate that eventually can affect the final quality of the cold-sprayed coatings.
Amorphous Thermal Spray Coatings to Extend Life of Boiler Tubes
Authors: Vogli E. , Kim P. , Kang J. , Salas R. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Boiler tube failure is the number one source of forced outages in all coal-fired and biomass-fired power generation plants. It is estimated that plants lose approximately 6% of their power generation annually, due to boiler tube leaks. The major causes for premature tube failure are excessive fireside boiler tube erosion and corrosion caused by impact, abrasive wear, oxidation and molten corrosion of low eutectic alloys.
Post-Plasma-Spraying Gas Nitriding of Some Metallic Coatings on a Fe-Based Superalloy and their High Temperature Corrosion Behavior
Authors: Chawla V. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Ti-Al and Al-Cr metallic coatings were deposited on Superfer800H (Fe-based superalloy) through a plasma spray process. Then the gas nitriding of the coatings was done in the lab and the parameters were optimized after conducting several trials on plasma sprayed coated specimens. Characterization and high temperature corrosion behaviour of coatings after exposure to air and molten salt at 900°C were studied under cyclic conditions. Techniques like XRD, SEM/EDAX and EPMA analysis have been used for characterization of the coatings and to analyze the oxide scale. Both the coatings have successfully protected the substrate and were effective in decreasing the corrosion rate when subjected to cyclic oxidation at 900°C for 50 cycles in air and molten salt. The coatings subjected to cyclic oxidation in air have shown relatively high weight gains in the early cycles of the exposure. Uncoated Superfer800H (Fe-based superalloy) showed very poor resistance to hot corrosion in molten salt environment.
Transfer of Wire Arc Sprayed Metal Coatings onto Plastic Parts
Authors: Bobzin K. , Öte M. , Knoch M.A. , Liao X. , Hopmann Ch. , Ochotta P. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
By means of In-Mold-Metal-Spraying (IMMS), wire arc sprayed metal coatings are transferred onto plastic parts during the injection molding process for the efficient production of metallized plastic parts. One potential field of application of IMMS parts are electrical applications such as electrically conductive tracks or electromagnetic shielding. In the current study, the properties of the transferred coatings, especially the electrical resistivity, are determined. Different feedstock materials are used for the application of the coatings. In the first investigation, pressurized air is used as atomizing gas for wire arc spraying. In contrary to Zn coatings, Cu coatings applied with pressurized air have a significantly higher electrical resistivity in comparison to massive copper. One possible reason for this is the oxidation of the Cu particles during the spraying process. Therefore, N2 and a mixture of N2 and H2 are used as atomizing gas to reduce the oxidation of particles. Consequently, the electrical resistivity of IMMS parts can be significantly reduced. Furthermore, spraying distance, current and pressure of the atomizing gas are varied to investigate the influence of these process parameters on the coating properties.
Low Pressure Warm Spray of Stainless Steel Coatings; Particle Strain Localization Process
Authors: Maev R. , Leshchynsky V. , Strumban E. , Dzhurinskiy D. , Maeva E. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Understanding the complex mechanical behavior of stainless steel based composite coatings is important for engineering applications. The focus of this research was on gaining a fundamental understanding of the structure/property relationships that exist during structure formation of the coatings made by new low pressure cold spraying with propellant gas at the temperatures of 800-1000°C (warm spray). While composition is one of the key parameter in determining the final microstructure, the specific warm spray powder shock consolidation parameters (particle velocity and gas temperature) were found to have significant effects on the development of composite structure formation and mechanical properties. Microstructural examination and modeling results revealed that the strain localization mechanism differs from that of adiabatic shear band formation that results in large differences in the ensuing microstructure of the composite coating and its properties.
Deposition Mechanism of Quasi-Columnar YSZ Coatings During Plasma Spray Physical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Gao L. , Ji J. , Lu X. , Zhang D. , Shen J. , Yu Y. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
As a new processing technology, plasma spray physical vapor deposition (PS-PVD) is capable to deposit coatings out of the vapor phase with high deposition rate. Moreover, the resulting quasi-columnar coatings were unique, hardly deposited by other process. Due to its low thermal conductivity and excellent superior strain tolerance, quasi-columnar coatings attract much attention in the thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) field. In this paper, the morphology variation of the quasi-columnar yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) coatings deposited under different conditions was investigated. Combined the morphology of the initial deposits during short time spraying, the deposition mechanism of quasi-column microstructure was concluded. It can be found that the quasi-column coating was formed by co-deposition of vapor phases and solid particles. The vapor phase can develop into column, while the solid particles not only intensified the shadowing effect but also destroyed the nucleus during vapor deposition.
Experimental and Numerical Study of the Influence of Powder Characteristics in the Cold Spraying of Al-based Alloys for Additive Manufacturing Using Low-Pressure, Medium-Pressure and High-Pressure Cold Spray Facilities
Authors: Bunel M. , Borit F. , Delloro F. , Jeandin M. , Bacciochini A. , Lemeille P. , Hervé E. , Meillot E. , Roche K. , Surdon G. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Cold spray is continuously expanding for the repair of parts made of aluminum-based alloys. Beyond repair applications, the process is now expected to be exploited efficiently for the additive manufacturing of shaped parts. However, up to now, cold spray is limited to the achievement of rather simple shapes due to a lack of basic knowledge on coating build-up mechanisms to result in dimension-controlled deposition. The objective of this work is to fill that gap through an experimental and modeling study of the coating build-up in cold spray for this specific application. Experimentally, Al-based coatings were deposited for a large range of particle velocity due to the use of low-pressure, medium-pressure and high-pressure cold spray facilities. Particle velocity was monitored as a function of cold spray conditions. Two different types of Al 2024 (Aluminium 2024 Alloy) powders were tested. Coating porosity and microhardness were studied as a function of (both morphological and metallurgical) powder characteristics and spray conditions, primarily in the light of particle velocity. Various correlations could be exhibited. Finite element (FE) simulations of particle impacts were developed, including particle velocity from experimental measurements. These will be used as inputs in an in-house morphological model, the first stages of which could be established successfully.
Influence of Oxidation of Ti Particle During Laser Remelting Process on the Microstructure of Laser Remelted NiTi Coatings
Authors: Wang Y. , Liu J. , Darut G. , Poirier T. , Stella J. , Liao H. , Planche M.-P. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Commercial available Ni and Ti powder were blended together and deposited on stainless steel by atmospheric plasma spray(APS). Subsequently the as-sprayed coatings were laser remelted with a Nd -YAG pulsed laser source. Cross-sections of as-sprayed and laser-remelted coatings were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Prior to SEM observations, the laser remelted coatings were polished and etched by Kroll etchant. Meanwhile, the energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) was employed to analyze the chemical distribution of the coating both as-sprayed and laser remelted. The results indicated that APS sprayed NiTi coatings presented a dense microstructure with Ni splats and Ti splats distributing uniformly. Oxygen partial pressure in the argon leads to the burning of Ti splats during the laser remelting process. And Ti oxides located at the bottom of the laser molten pool because of the laser stiffness and molten flow. Moreover, the top part of the molten pool mainly involved in Ni columnar grains.
Corrosion Performance of WC10Co4Cr Coatings on High Strength Steel
Authors: Yang W. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
300M steel is one of most important aerial materials, which can be used for landing gear and flap & slat track. Some surface engineering technologies are needed to be adopted on its surface, because of its bad corrosion performance. WC10Co4Cr Coatings by high velocity oxygen-fuel spray processing (HVOF) is an environmental friendly method for this protection. In this paper, WC10Co4Cr coatings were prepared on 300M by optimized HVOF processing. And their corrosion performance has been estimated by neutral salt fog test, according with ASTM B117. The results indicate that the porosity gets larger and the hardness gets higher for the dissolution of bonding phases after the test. And for the optimized coatings, there are no corrosion products in the surface and interface between the coating and 300M steel, after 2000 hours ASTM B117 test. So the coatings have a good corrosion performance.
Abrasive Wear Resistance of NiCrBSi Composite Claddings with Different Type of Reinforcement
Authors: Gerasimov A. , Krivopusk V. , Nevezhin S. , Merchev S. , Baldaev S. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this study abrasive wear resistance of NiCrBSi self-fluxing alloys claddings reinforced by tungsten carbide (up to 80 vol.%) and pure tungsten (up to 50 vol.%) was compared. For this purpose, metal matrix composite samples were cladded by diode laser then metallography studies and hardness measurements were provided. Finally, all specimens passed ASTM G65 abrasion test and their wear resistance was compared to alternatives claddings.
Thermal Gradient Cyclic Lifetime of DVC and Lamellar Thermal Barrier Coatings with Equivalent Thermal Insulation Performance
Authors: Cheng B. , Yang G.-J. , Li C.-X. , Li C.-J. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Thermal cycle lifetime is essentially important to the application of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) on the premise of the same thermal resistance. In this study, equivalent thermal insulation conception is introduced to the design of dense vertical crack (DVC) structured TBCs and the lamellar structured TBCs, to fairly compare the lifetime of TBCs with different structure. DVC-structured TBCs with the equivalent thermal insulation to lamellar YSZ TBCs were prepared, and their lifetimes were evaluated by thermal gradient cyclic test. Cross-sectional morphology and phase constitution before and after failure were examined by scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction, respectively. The failure mode was analysed. This study would shed light to further coating structure optimization.
Heat Treatment of Cold Spray Copper on the Closure Weld Zone of Used Nuclear Fuel Containers
Authors: Giallonardo J. D. , Poirier D. , Legoux J.-G. , Vo P. , Hoang C. , Doyle D. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The Nuclear Waste Management Organization (NWMO) has proposed the concept of a deep geological repository (DGR) for the storage of Canada’s used nuclear fuel. A major engineered component is the used fuel container (UFC) consisting of a steel core coated with copper for corrosion resistance. The copper coating is required to have sufficient ductility and adhesion strength to the steel substrate for loading requirements under DGR conditions. The NWMO has identified two coating technologies for the application process: electrodeposition and cold spray. Electrodeposition is utilized to coat the bulk of the UFC components (i.e., hemi-spherical head and lower assembly). A portion of the hemi-spherical head and the lower assembly openings remain uncoated in order to facilitate the final assembly closure weld process after fuel loading. This area is then cold sprayed with copper to complete the coating on the steel. Since the cold sprayed coating is highly strained in the as-sprayed state, it requires a heat treatment to impart ductility. The ductility is assessed indirectly by measuring the hardness of the material before and after the heat treatment. A recent advancement on this front includes the implementation of an optimized band heat treatment method to prototype UFC’s.
New Expansion of Mobile Particle Shape Imaging and Comparative Measurements with Other Diagnostics
Authors: Franetzky C. , Zimmermann S. , Schein J. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Coatings produced by thermal spray processes are determined by particle parameters, which can be investigated using various diagnostic systems. In the first part of the paper the different PSI (Particle Shape Imaging) setup are described. Thereby a summary of former publications, presentation of measurements on different thermal spray processes and suggestions of data error evaluations with special difficulties at the particle investigation are shown. In the second part of the paper the new developed mobile experimental setup of PSI is focused. Four important particle parameters (velocity, size, shape and position) can be measured and evaluated. In this part the results and test of new different illumination sources, optical configurations and trigger units are discussed. Furthermore interesting ideas of picture processing and data evaluation are depicted and explained in more detail. First comparison of the results measured with DPV2000, SprayWatch and additional Voltage-Current-High-Speed- Camera investigations are shown. The complete paper concludes with an outlook for future combination of further established diagnostic systems (i.e. find the optimal distance between substrate and thermal spray system).
Study on Thermal Shock Performance of Dense Vertically Cracked Thermal Barrier Coatings
Authors: Lu X. , Ji X. , Yu Y. , Shen J. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The ZrO2-7%Y2O3 powder produced by domestic company was used to make dense vertically cracked (DVC) thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) via the High energy plasma spray system. The influence of preheating temperature of substrates, the thickness of single deposition and spray power on the microstructure of the coatings was studied in detail. The porosity of the thermal barrier coatings prepared by Delta gun was 2.8%-7.3% and bonding strength of the coatings was 20-30MPa. The results demonstrated that the TBCs with DVC structure had excellent thermal shock resistance, and the 1100°C thermal shock lifetime was 206 cycles, which was obviously better than different coating structure by conventional APS (life less than 100 cycles). The mechanism of the failure of the TBCs in the thermal shock process was investigated.
Examination of Lamellar Pores Under Thermally Sprayed Splats Using White Light Interferometry
Authors: Chen L. , Zhang Y.-M. , Yang G.-J. , Li C.-X. , Li C.-J. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In the present study, a novel and practical method, white light interference, was proposed to characterize the lamellar pores covered by thermally sprayed YSZ and LZ splats. In this method, only an ordinary optical microscopy (OM) was employed. Colorful Newton rings and parabolic shapes of the lamellar pores were widely observed by OM. The crack spacing and the shapes of the lamellar pores captured by OM were well consistent with those by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and focus ion beam (FIB). Besides, mechanical analyses were carried out and the results were well consistent with those by OM. Most importantly, the essential fact that the lamellar pores resulted from transverse cracking/delamination in thermal sprayings was highly elaborated.
HVAF-Sprayed Bi-Layer Coatings: Effect of Microstructure and Chemical Composition of the Intermediate Layer on Corrosion Behavior
Authors: Sadeghimeresht E. , Markocsan N. , Nylén P. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In a variety of engineering applications, components are exposed to corrosive/erosive environment. Protective coatings are essential to improve the functional performances and/or extend the lifetime of the components. Thermal spraying as a cost-effective coating deposition technique offers high flexibility in coatings’ chemistry/morphology/microstructure design. However, the pores formed during spraying inherently restrict the use of coatings for corrosion protection. In view of the above gap to have a high quality coating, bi-layer coatings have been developed to boost the corrosion performance of the coatings. In a bi-layer coating, an intermediate layer is deposited on the substrate before spraying the coating. The electrochemical behavior of each layer is critical to ensure a good corrosion protection. The corrosion behavior of the layers strongly depends on coating composition and microstructure, which are affected by feedstock material and spraying process. In the present work, Cr3C2-NiCr top layer with different intermediate layers (i. e., Fe-, and Ni-based) were sprayed by high-velocity air fuel (HVAF) process. Microstructure analysis, as well as electrochemical tests, e.g., open-circuit potential (OCP) and polarization were performed. The results showed a direct link between the OCP of each layer in a bi-layer coating and corrosion mechanisms. It was found that the higher corrosion resistance of Ni-based intermediate layers than Fe-based coatings was due to higher OCP of the coating in the galvanic couple with top layers. Splat boundaries and interconnected pores reduced the corrosion resistance of the intermediate layers, however a sufficient reservoir of protective scale-forming elements (such as Cr or Al) improved the corrosion behavior.
KCl-Induced Corrosion Behavior of HVAF-Sprayed Ni-Based Coatings in Ambient Air
Authors: Jafari R. , Sadeghimeresht E. , Shahrabi Farahani T. , Markocsan N. , Joshi S. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
It is well known that the presence of KCl deposited on superheater tubes in biomass- and waste-fired boilers leads to a severe corrosion and premature damage. In order to protect such critical components which are routinely exposed to aggressive environments, thermal sprayings are frequently proposed as a potential solution. By virtue of the techno-commercial benefits that provides as a direct outcome of its ability to cost-effectively deposit coatings virtually free of porosity and in situ formed oxides, the high velocity air-fuel (HVAF) process offers a particularly attractive approach. In the present work, the influence of KCl on the oxidation behavior of four HVAF-sprayed Ni-based coatings (Ni21Cr, Ni5Al, Ni21Cr7Al1Y, and Ni21Cr9Mo) has been investigated. The coatings were deposited onto specimens of 16Mo3 steel, a widely used boiler tube material. High temperature corrosion tests were carried out in ambient air at 600°C, with 0.1 mg/cm2 KCl being sprayed onto the samples prior to the exposure. Uncoated substrates and an identical test environment without KCl were used as reference. SEM/EDS and XRD techniques were utilized to characterize the as-sprayed and exposed samples. The results showed that the small addition of KCl significantly accelerated damage to the coatings. It was further revealed that the alumina-forming NiAl coating was capable of forming a more protective oxide scale compared to other chromia and mixed-oxide scale forming coatings. In general, the oxidation resistance of the coatings based on the kinetic studies had the following ranking (from the best to the worst): NiAl &gt;NiCr&gt; NiCrAlY&gt; NiCrMo.