bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multifunctionality of belowground food webs: resource, size and spatial energy channels
Authors: Potapov Anton M. 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTThe belowground compartment of terrestrial ecosystems drives nutrient cycling, the decomposition and stabilisation of organic matter, and supports aboveground life. Belowground consumers create complex food webs that regulate functioning, ensure stability and support biodiversity both below and above ground. However, existing soil food‐web reconstructions do not match recently accumulated empirical evidence and there is no comprehensive reproducible approach that accounts for the complex resource, size and spatial structure of food webs in soil. Here I build on generic food‐web organisation principles and use multifunctional classification of soil protists, invertebrates and vertebrates, to reconstruct a ‘multichannel’ food web across size classes of soil‐associated consumers. I infer weighted trophic interactions among trophic guilds using feeding preferences and prey protection traits (evolutionarily inherited traits), size and spatial distributions (niche overlaps), and biomass‐dependent feeding. I then use food‐web reconstruction, together with assimilation efficiencies, to calculate energy fluxes assuming a steady‐state energetic system. Based on energy fluxes, I propose a number of indicators, related to stability, biodiversity and multiple ecosystem‐level functions such as herbivory, top‐down control, translocation and transformation of organic matter. I illustrate this approach with an empirical example, comparing it with traditional resource‐focused soil food‐web reconstruction. The multichannel reconstruction can be used to assess ‘trophic multifunctionality’ (analogous to ecosystem multifunctionality), i.e. simultaneous support of multiple trophic functions by the food web, and compare it across communities and ecosystems spanning beyond the soil. With further empirical validation of the proposed functional indicators, this multichannel reconstruction approach could provide an effective tool for understanding animal diversity–ecosystem functioning relationships in soil. This tool hopefully will inspire more researchers to describe soil communities and belowground–aboveground interactions comprehensively. Such studies will provide informative indicators for including consumers as active agents in biogeochemical models, not only locally but also on regional and global scales.
Eye movements and stress during eye‐tracking gaming performance in children with dyskinetic cerebral palsy
Authors: Bekteshi Saranda , Karlsson Petra , De Reyck Lieselot , Vermeerbergen Karen , Konings Marco , Hellin Patrick , Aerts Jean‐Marie , Hallez Hans , Dan Bernard , Monbaliu Elegast 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimThis study aimed to explore eye movements and stress during eye‐tracking gaming performance in children with dyskinetic cerebral palsy (CP) compared with typically developing children, and associations between eye‐tracking performance, eye movements, stress, and participants' characteristics.MethodThis cohort study included 12 children with dyskinetic CP aged 5 to 12 years (mean age 8 years 7 months, standard deviation [SD] 2 years 3 months) and 23 typically developing children aged 5 to 13 years (mean age 9 years 0 months, SD 2 years 7 months). Participants played 10 eye‐tracking games. Tobii X3‐120 and Tobii Pro Lab were used to record and analyse eye movements. Stress was assessed through heart rate variability (HRV), recorded during rest, and eye‐tracking performance using the Bittium Faros360° ECG Holter device. Eye‐tracking performance was measured using gaming completion time. Fixation and saccade variables were used to quantify eye movements, and time‐ and frequency‐domain variables to quantify HRV. Non‐parametric statistics were used.ResultsGaming completion time was significantly different (p < 0.001) between groups, and it was negatively correlated with experience (rs = −0.63, p = 0.029). No significant differences were found between groups in fixation and saccade variables. HRV significantly changed from rest to eye‐tracking performance only in typically developing children and not in children with dyskinetic CP.InterpretationChildren with dyskinetic CP took longer to perform the 10 games, especially the inexperienced users, indicating the importance of the early provision of eye‐tracking training opportunities. It seems that eye‐tracking tasks are not a source of increased stress and effort in children with dyskinetic CP.What this paper adds

Participants with dyskinetic cerebral palsy (CP) took twice as long to perform 10 eye‐tracking games than typically developing peers.
Participants with dyskinetic CP with previous eye‐tracking experience performed the games faster.
Fixation and saccade variables were not significantly different between children with and without dyskinetic CP.
Heart rate variability showed no differences between rest and performance in participants with dyskinetic CP.
Gross Motor Function Classification System, Manual Ability Classification System, and Viking Speech Scale levels were not correlated to the eye movements or stress variables.
Regional mapping of early childhood risk for mental disorders in an Australian population sample
Authors: Harris Felicity , Dean Kimberlie , Laurens Kristin Robyn , Tzoumakis Stacy , Carr Vaughan James , Green Melissa Jayne 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimPopulation‐level profiles of risk for later childhood mental disorders have been identified in patterns of early developmental vulnerabilities using Australian Early Developmental Census. We sought to demonstrate the geographical distribution of these early childhood risk profiles for mental illness, to inform policy decisions for place‐sensitive provision of health and allied services.MethodsUsing geographic information system techniques, we mapped the regional percentage of children at highest risk for mental disorders across the state of New South Wales (NSW), according to Local Government Areas, for 82 891 children in the NSW Child Development Study.ResultsA high proportion (>10%) of children at risk of later mental disorders were located in regional and socioeconomically disadvantaged areas, with a few metropolitan regions showing similarly high proportions of the population at risk.ConclusionsThese findings highlight the potential to identify place‐sensitive needs for early intervention and prevention programs for emerging mental health problems in children.
People with HIV have a higher risk of COVID‐19 diagnosis but similar outcomes to the general population
Authors: Tang Michael E. , Gaufin Thaidra , Anson Ryan , Zhu Wenhong , Mathews William C. , Cachay Edward R. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundWe investigated the effect of HIV on COVID‐19 outcomes with attention to selection bias due to differential testing and comorbidity burden.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort analysis using four hierarchical outcomes: positive SARS‐CoV‐2 test, COVID‐19 hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) admission and hospital mortality. The effect of HIV status was assessed using traditional covariate‐adjusted, inverse probability‐weighted (IPW) analysis based on covariate distributions for testing bias (testing IPWs), HIV infection status (HIV‐IPWs) and combined models. Among people living with HIV (PWH), we evaluated whether CD4 count and HIV plasma viral load (pVL) discriminated between those who did and those who did not develop study outcomes using receiver operating characteristic analysis.ResultsBetween March and November 2020, 63 319 people were receiving primary care services at the University of California San Diego (UCSD), of whom 4017 were PWH. The PWH had 2.1 times the odds of a positive SARS‐CoV‐2 test compared with those without HIV after weighting for potential testing bias, comorbidity burden and HIV‐IPW [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.6–2.8]. Relative to people without HIV, PWH did not have an increased rate of COVID‐19 hospitalization after controlling for comorbidities and testing bias [adjusted incidence rate ratio (aIRR) = 0.5, 95% CI: 0.1–1.4]. PWH did not have a different rate of ICU admission (aIRR = 1.08, 95% CI: 0.31–3.80) or of in‐hospital death (aIRR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.08–10.94) in any examined model. Neither CD4 count nor pVL predicted any of the hierarchical outcomes among PWH.ConclusionsPeople living with HIV have a higher risk of COVID‐19 diagnosis than those without HIV but the outcomes are similar in both groups.
A century of labour turnover research: A systematic literature review
Authors: Bolt Ester Ellen Trees , Winterton Jonathan , Cafferkey Kenneth 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLabour turnover has been an important research topic in social science over the past century, involving disciplines such as human resource management, industrial relations, organizational behaviour, individual and organizational psychology, economics and health sciences. This paper presents a systematic literature review of voluntary labour turnover, providing an in‐depth analysis of 1375 labour turnover studies published up to July 2019 in 142 academic journals listed in the Chartered Association of Business Schools Academic Journal Guide 2018. The analysis of theoretical and empirical labour turnover studies reveals: (1) distinctive foci in the development of labour turnover research over the past hundred years; (2) relative lack of attention to testing specific labour turnover theories; (3) a prevailing quantitative approach to identifying antecedents of labour turnover; (4) increased reliance on turnover intention as a proxy for actual turnover. This paper highlights these trends over time, providing insight into problematic areas from theoretical, methodological and empirical points of view. We suggest avenues for a more productive route to coherent theoretical, methodological and empirical development of labour turnover research.
Development and validation of prediction model for incident overactive bladder: The Nagahama study
Authors: Funada Satoshi , Luo Yan , Yoshioka Takashi , Setoh Kazuya , Tabara Yasuharu , Negoro Hiromitsu , Yoshimura Koji , Matsuda Fumihiko , Efthimiou Orestis , Ogawa Osamu , Furukawa Toshi A , Kobayashi Takashi , Akamatsu Shusuke 
Published: April 2022

ObjectivesWe aimed to develop models to predict new‐onset overactive bladder in 5 years using a large prospective cohort of the general population.MethodsThis is a secondary analysis of a longitudinal cohort study in Japan. The baseline characteristics were measured between 2008 and 2010, with follow‐ups every 5 years. We included subjects without overactive bladder at baseline and with follow‐up data 5 years later. Overactive bladder was assessed using the overactive bladder symptom score. Baseline characteristics (demographics, health behaviors, comorbidities, and overactive bladder symptom scores) and blood test data were included as predictors. We developed two competing prediction models for each sex based on logistic regression with penalized likelihood (LASSO). We chose the best model separately for men and women after evaluating models' performance in terms of discrimination and calibration using an internal validation via 200 bootstrap resamples and a temporal validation.ResultsWe analyzed 7218 participants (male: 2238, female: 4980). The median age was 60 and 55 years, and the number of new‐onset overactive bladder was 223 (10.0%) and 288 (5.8%) per 5 years in males and females, respectively. The in‐sample estimates forC‐statistic, calibration intercept, and slope for the best performing models were 0.77 (95% confidence interval 0.74–0.80), 0.28 and 1.15 for males, and 0.77 (95% confidence interval 0.74–0.80), 0.20 and 1.08 for females. Internal and temporal validation gave broadly similar estimates of performance, indicating low optimism.ConclusionWe developed risk prediction models for new‐onset overactive bladder among men and women with good predictive ability.
Effect of resilience on social appearance anxiety in Turkish early adolescents
Authors: Celen Raziye , Tas Arslan Fatma , Ozdemir Koyu Hazal 
Published: April 2022

AbstractProblemPreventive and supportive nursing care interventions of school nurses are very important in the early adolescence period, in which the significant physical and sexual changes occur. One ramification of these changes may be social appearance anxiety. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of resilience on social appearance anxiety among early adolescents.MethodsThe study was a cross‐sectional design. The study data were collected between February and June 2018. Study sample consists of 495 early adolescents studying at a state secondary school in Turkey. The data were gathered using personal information form, Social Appearance Anxiety Scale (SAAS), and Child and Young Resilience Measure (CYRM‐12). The data were analyzed using the independent‐sample t test, one‐way analysis of variance, and multiple linear regression methods.FindingsIn the present study, the mean age of early adolescents was found to be 11.90 (1.07) years. The mean scores of students in SAAS and CYRM‐12 were 31.79 (13.30) and 52.96 (5.86), respectively. Social appearance anxiety scores of early adolescents were found to have a negative effect on the resilience levels (β = −0.294).ConclusionsIt can be suggested to teach adolescents, the interventions about the use of active coping skills aiming to decrease social appearance anxiety and to increase the resilience.
Encapsulated oil powder: Processing, properties, and applications
Authors: Singh Himani , Kumar Yogesh , Meghwal Murlidhar 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis review aimed to evaluate the applicability of microencapsulation of different oils (such as fish oil, sunflower oil, soyabean oil, palm oil, flaxseed oil, sesame oil, virgin coconut oil, and rice bran oil) by freeze drying, coacervation, fluidized bed coating, extrusion, and spray drying. Microencapsulation is the process of creating a functional barrier between the core and the wall material to avoid chemical and physical reactions and maintain the biological, functional, and physicochemical characteristics of the core material. The use of microencapsulated oils (oil powder) in food products provide a significant application in enhancing their functionalities due to the functional benefits of oils. However, utilization of simply oil leads to oxidation and other reactions causing deterioration of finished products quality. Microencapsulated oil has good oxidative stability, thermostability, shelf‐life, and biological activity. Also, microencapsulation helps control the volatility and release properties of essential oils. This review focuses on the role of microencapsulation in increasing the stability, functional properties, and benefits of oils in various food products.Practical ApplicationThe comprehensive review on oil powder will be very useful for developing convenient and easily usable oil powder. The oil powder developed will have longer self‐life, stability, and better health benefits. Oil powder can be used as a fortification in meat, dairy, and bakery products to enhance the nutritional value, fatty acids intakes, mouth feel, and textural properties. Such work will help the academic field as well as the industries to develop food products.
The effect of COVID‐19 pandemic‐related financial challenges on mental health and well‐being among US older adults
Authors: Samuel Laura J. , Dwivedi Pallavi , Hladek Melissa , Cudjoe Thomas K. M. , Drazich Brittany F. , Li Qiwei , Szanton Sarah L. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundDespite profound financial challenges during the COVID‐19 pandemic, there is a gap in estimating their effects on mental health and well‐being among older adults.MethodsThe National Health and Aging Trends Study is an ongoing nationally representative cohort study of US older adults. Outcomes included mental health related to COVID‐19 (scores averaged across eight items ranging from one to four), sleep quality during COVID‐19, loneliness during COVID‐19, having time to yourself during COVID‐19, and hopefulness during COVID‐19. Exposures included income decline during COVID‐19 and financial difficulty due to COVID‐19. Propensity score weighting produced covariate balance for demographic, socioeconomic, household, health, and well‐being characteristics that preceded the pandemic to estimate the average treatment effect. Sampling weights accounted for study design and non‐response.ResultsIn weighted and adjusted analyses (n = 3257), both income decline during COVID‐19 and financial difficulty due to COVID‐19 were associated with poorer mental health related to COVID‐19 (b = −0.159, p < 0.001 and b = −0.381, p < 0.001, respectively), poorer quality sleep (OR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.46, 0.86 and OR = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.30, 0.58, respectively), more loneliness (OR = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.16, 2.02 and OR = 2.72, 95% CI: 1.96, 3.77, respectively), and less time to yourself (OR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.40, 0.72 and OR = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.27, 0.51, respectively) during COVID‐19.ConclusionsPandemic‐related financial challenges are associated with worse mental health and well‐being regardless of pre‐pandemic characteristics, suggesting that they are distinct social determinants of health for older adults. Timely intervention is needed to support older adults experiencing pandemic‐related financial challenges.
Analysis of attachment factors in small household EEE: An opportunity toward the circular economy
Authors: Mulet Elena , Chulvi Vicente , Royo Marta 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDespite the fact that one of the goals of the circular economy is that products can be used for as long as possible, existing data show that the number of years that small household appliances are used until they are replaced is not increasing and is even decreasing in some cases. This work focuses on product attachment as a strategy to slow down the replacement of the product and, consequently, to lengthen product life, thereby preventing psychological obsolescence. To this end, a representative sample of 70 small household appliances with attachment‐related characteristics was analyzed to identify which of the 38 attachment strategies listed in the emotional durability design nine tools they contain. As a result, the most frequently used strategies are “design for animacy,” “design for variability and modularity,” and “connection or community belonging.” Furthermore, 13 of the 38 strategies do not appear in this type of product and the strategies vary to a greater or lesser extent depending on the type of appliance. Therefore, there is still a lot of room at the design level to exploit attachment in this type of product, which could be very useful for business models based on life extension services. Moreover, the method applied to search for products on the web and to assign attachment strategies can also be used for other sectors and products.
Life cycle energy and greenhouse gas emissions implications of polyamide 12 recycling from selective laser sintering for an injection‐molded automotive component
Authors: He Di , Kim Hyung Chul , De Kleine Robert , Soo Vi Kie , Kiziltas Alper , Compston Paul , Doolan Matthew 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe selective laser sintering (SLS) process generates waste polymer powders, which can be recycled as feedstock for producing injection‐molded components. Recycling this powder has implications on the life cycle modeling of the SLS product, as well as the subsequent injection‐molded component. This study investigates the life cycle primary energy demand (PED) and global warming potential (GWP) of an automotive fuel‐line clip produced with recycled polyamide 12 (PA12) from an SLS process in comparison to the conventional polyamide 66 (PA66) counterpart, based on real‐world industry data. In addition, the life cycle PED and GWP of an SLS part are examined, with and without recycling PA12 from the SLS process. The results indicate a strong dependence on the approach to evaluate the environmental burden of waste PA12 from the SLS process (cut‐off, mass‐based allocation, economic allocation, and substitution). Compared with the PA66 fuel‐line clip, the recycled PA12 (rPA12) clip reduces the life cycle GWP by up to 26% (cut‐off) or increases by up to 68% (mass‐based allocation). For the SLS part, recycling PA12 powder provides a 42% reduction to its life cycle GWP (mass‐based allocation). Finally, from an expanded two‐part system perspective, the recycling of PA12 from the SLS process provides an 8% reduction in life cycle GWP. Similar trends are shown for the life cycle PED profiles. This study demonstrates the importance of recycling additive manufacturing (AM) wastes within a broader cascading system to improve the environmental performance of AM and the circular economy across industrial systems.
HEXOKINASE1 forms a nuclear complex with the PRC2 subunits CURLY LEAF and SWINGER to regulate glucose signaling
Authors: Liu Yutong , Bai Yunshu , Li Ning , Li Mengting , Liu Wenxin , Yun Dae‐Jin , Liu Bao , Xu Zheng‐Yi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe glucose sensor HEXOKINASE1 (HXK1) integrates myriad external and internal signals to regulate gene expression and development in Arabidopsis thaliana. However, how HXK1 mediates glucose signaling in the nucleus remains unclear. Here, using immunoprecipitation‐coupled mass spectrometry, we show that two catalytic subunits of Polycomb Repressive Complex 2, SWINGER (SWN) and CURLY LEAF (CLF), directly interact with catalytically active HXK1 and its inactive forms (HXK1G104D and HXK1S177A) via their evolutionarily conserved SANT domains. HXK1, CLF, and SWN target common glucose‐responsive genes to regulate glucose signaling, as revealed by RNA sequencing. The glucose‐insensitive phenotypes of the Arabidopsis swn‐1 and clf‐50 mutants were similar to that of hxk1, and genetic analysis revealed that CLF, SWN, and HXK1 function in the same genetic pathway. Intriguingly, HXK1 is required for CLF‐ and SWN‐mediated histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3) deposition and glucose‐mediated gene repression. Moreover, CLF and SWN affect the recruitment of HXK1 to its target chromatin. These findings support a model in which HXK1 and epigenetic modifiers form a nuclear complex to cooperatively mediate glucose signaling, thereby affecting the histone modification and expression of glucose‐regulated genes in plants.
The impact of the interplay of the intestinal microbiome and diet on the metabolomic and health outcomes of bariatric surgery
Authors: Mika Adriana , Janczy Agata , Waleron Krzysztof , Szymanski Michal , Kaska Lukasz , Sledzinski Tomasz 
Published: April 2022

SummaryObesity has evolved into a global epidemic. Bariatric surgery, the most effective treatment for obesity, keeps many comorbidities of obesity at bay for a prolonged period of time. However, complications, including metabolic alterations, are inherent in bariatric surgery. Surgical intervention in the structure of the digestive tract, especially during bariatric bypass procedures, also causes significant changes in the composition of the microbiome, which may affect the composition and quantity of various metabolites produced by intestinal bacteria. The composition of the intestinal microbiome is connected to human metabolism via metabolites that are produced and secreted by bacterial cells into the intestinal lumen and then absorbed into the host's bloodstream. Bariatric surgery causes changes in the composition and quantity of many circulating metabolites. Metabolic disorders may be affected after bariatric surgery by changes in the composition of the microbiome and metabolites produced by bacteria.