bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Navigating learner data in translator and interpreter training
Authors: Pan Jun , Wong Billy Tak-Ming , Wang Honghua 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe development of technology, in particular, innovations in natural language processing and means to explore big data, has influenced different aspects in the training of translators and interpreters. This paper investigates how learner corpora and their research contribute to the teaching and learning of translation and interpreting. It starts with a review of the evolvement of learner corpora in translator and interpreter training. Drawing on data from the Chinese/English Translation and Interpreting Learner Corpus (CETILC), a learner corpus developed for the study of lexical cohesion, the paper introduces three case studies to illustrate the possibilities of exploring learner data through human annotation, machine-facilitated human annotation, and finally human-supervised/edited machine annotation. The findings of the case studies suggest the complexity of learner language and its intricate relationships with various factors concerning the learner, text, and task. The paper ends with a discussion of the great potentials of purposely made learner corpora such as the CETILC in translator and interpreter training, as well as the application of learner corpora in (semi-) automatic processing of learner texts.
Simplification of pharmaceutical pictograms to improve visual acuity
Authors: Pedersen Pia , Oderkerk Chiron , Beier Sofie 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The purpose of pharmaceutical pictograms is to help patients manage their medicinal treatment. However, the
pictograms often lack perceptual clarity. While they are frequently tested for aspects such as comprehension, little attention has
been paid to their legibility. This paper presents the conception and results of an experiment adapted from the ISO ‘Method for
testing perceptual quality’ (ISO 9186-2:2008) to measure the visibility of pictogram elements in two sets: 15 American USP
pictograms and 15 redesigned versions reduced in complexity. The statistical analysis did not show reliable significant
differences, which indicates that there are more factors at stake.
Improved Li storage performance of SnO nanodisc on SnO2 quantum dots embedded carbon matrix
Authors: Dutta Pathak Dipa , Ahirwar Satyaprakash , Mandal Balaji Prasad , Tyagi Avesh Kumar 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Li-ion batteries with conversion type anode are attractive choice, for electric vehicles and portable electronic devices, because of their high theoretical capacity and cycle stability. On the contrary, enormous volume change during lithiation/delithiation and irreversible conversion reaction limits use of such anodes. To overcome these challenges, incorporating nano-sized SnO
x
on flexible carbonaceous matrix is an efficient approach. A facile and scalable fabrication of SnO nanodisc decorated on SnO2 quantum dots embedded carbon (SnO
x
@C) is reported in the present study. Detailed structural and morphological investigation confirms the successful synthesis of SnO
x
@C composite with 72.3 wt% SnO
x
loading. The CV profiles of the nanocomposite reveal a partial reversibility of conversion reaction for the active materials SnO
x
. Such partial reversible conversion enhances the overall capacity of the nanocomposite. It delivers a very high discharge capacity of 993 mAh g−1 at current density of 0.05 A g−1 after 200 cycles; which is 2.6 times higher than that of commercial graphitic anode (372 mAh g−1) and very close to the calculated capacity of the SnO
x
@C composite. This unique nanocomposite remarkably improves Li storage performance in terms of reversible capacity, rate capability and cycling performance. It is established that such engineered anode can efficiently reduce the electrode pulverization and in turn make conversion reaction of tin partially reversible.
False discovery rate: the Achilles’ heel of proteogenomics
Authors: Aggarwal Suruchi , Raj Anurag , Kumar Dhirendra , Dash Debasis , Yadav Amit Kumar 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Proteogenomics refers to the integrated analysis of the genome and proteome that leverages mass-spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics data to improve genome annotations, understand gene expression control through proteoforms and find sequence variants to develop novel insights for disease classification and therapeutic strategies. However, proteogenomic studies often suffer from reduced sensitivity and specificity due to inflated database size. To control the error rates, proteogenomics depends on the target-decoy search strategy, the de-facto method for false discovery rate (FDR) estimation in proteomics. The proteogenomic databases constructed from three- or six-frame nucleotide database translation not only increase the search space and compute-time but also violate the equivalence of target and decoy databases. These searches result in poorer separation between target and decoy scores, leading to stringent FDR thresholds. Understanding these factors and applying modified strategies such as two-pass database search or peptide-class-specific FDR can result in a better interpretation of MS data without introducing additional statistical biases. Based on these considerations, a user can interpret the proteogenomics results appropriately and control false positives and negatives in a more informed manner. In this review, first, we briefly discuss the proteogenomic workflows and limitations in database construction, followed by various considerations that can influence potential novel discoveries in a proteogenomic study. We conclude with suggestions to counter these challenges for better proteogenomic data interpretation.
Reconstructing tumor clonal lineage trees incorporating single-nucleotide variants, copy number alterations and structural variations
Authors: Fu Xuecong , Lei Haoyun , Tao Yifeng , Schwartz Russell 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMotivationCancer develops through a process of clonal evolution in which an initially healthy cell gives rise to progeny gradually differentiating through the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic mutations. These mutations can take various forms, including single-nucleotide variants (SNVs), copy number alterations (CNAs) or structural variations (SVs), with each variant type providing complementary insights into tumor evolution as well as offering distinct challenges to phylogenetic inference.ResultsIn this work, we develop a tumor phylogeny method, TUSV-ext, which incorporates SNVs, CNAs and SVs into a single inference framework. We demonstrate on simulated data that the method produces accurate tree inferences in the presence of all three variant types. We further demonstrate the method through application to real prostate tumor data, showing how our approach to coordinated phylogeny inference and clonal construction with all three variant types can reveal a more complicated clonal structure than is suggested by prior work, consistent with extensive polyclonal seeding or migration.Availability and implementationhttps://github.com/CMUSchwartzLab/TUSV-ext.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Scaling multi-instance support vector machine to breast cancer detection on the BreaKHis dataset
Authors: Seo Hoon , Brand Lodewijk , Barco Lucia Saldana , Wang Hua 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMotivationBreast cancer is a type of cancer that develops in breast tissues, and, after skin cancer, it is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women in the United States. Given that an early diagnosis is imperative to prevent breast cancer progression, many machine learning models have been developed in recent years to automate the histopathological classification of the different types of carcinomas. However, many of them are not scalable to large-scale datasets.ResultsIn this study, we propose the novel Primal-Dual Multi-Instance Support Vector Machine to determine which tissue segments in an image exhibit an indication of an abnormality. We derive an efficient optimization algorithm for the proposed objective by bypassing the quadratic programming and least-squares problems, which are commonly employed to optimize Support Vector Machine models. The proposed method is computationally efficient, thereby it is scalable to large-scale datasets. We applied our method to the public BreaKHis dataset and achieved promising prediction performance and scalability for histopathological classification.Availability and implementationSoftware is publicly available at: https://1drv.ms/u/s!AiFpD21bgf2wgRLbQq08ixD0SgRD?e=OpqEmY.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Laparoscopic versus open lateral pelvic lymph node dissection in locally advanced rectal cancer: multicentre retrospective cohort study
Authors: Lim Han-Ki , Kim Minjung , Park Ji Won , Ryoo Seung-Bum , Park Kyu Joo , Oh Heung-Kwon , Kim Duck-Woo , Kang Sung-Bum , Lee Dong Woon , Park Sung Chan , Oh Jae Hwan , Jeong Seung-Yong ,   Seoul Colorectal Research Group (SECOG), Lim H.-K. , Kim M. J. , Park J. W. , Ryoo S.-B. , Park K. J. , Kim M. H. , Oh H.-K. , Kim D.-W. , Kang S.-B. , Park S. S. , Lee D. W. , Park S. C. , Oh J. H. , Shin R. M. , Heo S. C. , Jeong S.-Y. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Lateral pelvic lymph node dissection (LPLND) is an option in the treatment of rectal cancer and may reduce local recurrence/improve disease-free survival. Advancements in minimally invasive technology have improved the ability to identify anatomy and neurovascular structures that may help in LPLND. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the technical feasibility and oncological safety of laparoscopic LPLND compared with the open LPLND.

Method
Between July 2010 and July 2019, patients from three tertiary referral hospitals who underwent LPLND with total mesorectal excision for primary rectal cancer were included. Baseline patient characteristics, perioperative outcomes, pathologic results, recurrence, and survival were compared between the laparoscopic and open groups.

Results
There were 126 and 70 patients in the laparoscopic and open groups respectively. The laparoscopic group had less estimated blood loss (100 ml versus 300 ml, P &lt; 0.001) and lower transfusion rate (0.8 per cent versus 10.0 per cent; P = 0.003) but longer operating times (318 min versus 270 min, P = 0.004). The laparoscopic group had fewer wound infections (1.6 per cent versus 10.0 per cent, P = 0.011) and neuropathy (0 per cent versus 4.3 per cent, P = 0.044). Lateral pelvic recurrence rate was 7.6 per cent in the laparoscopic group and 19.6 per cent in the open group (P = 0.053). Recurrence-free survival (72.2 per cent versus 63.5 per cent; P = 0.190) and overall survival (93.3 per cent versus 85.0 per cent; P = 0.118) were not significantly different.

Conclusion
Laparoscopic LPLND was associated with improved perioperative outcomes and non-inferior oncological outcomes.
A multilevel, step-based model to evaluate progress in procedure efficiency for laparoscopic appendicectomy in surgical training: structured evaluation using ‘ebb-and-flow’ and ‘string-of-pearls’ concepts
Authors: Søreide Kjetil , Skjold-Ødegaard Benedicte 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundSurgical training is aimed towards entrusted professional activity to obtain operative independence. Laparoscopic appendicectomy is performed early in training but except for simulators, real-life evaluation towards proficiency is scarce. The aim of this study was to model how each consecutive step may impact on the overall proficiency score for surgical trainees performing laparoscopic appendicectomy.MethodsThis was an observational cohort study of laparoscopic appendicectomy performed by junior trainees (PGY1–4) under supervision and evaluated for each of eight steps. Each step was scored on a validated six-point performance scale and classified as ‘fail’, ‘pass’, or ‘proficient’. Modelling was conducted with a multivariable regression model and artificial neural network model with a multilayer perceptron for the relationship between steps and overall performance.ResultsOf 157 procedures, 97 (61.8 per cent) procedures were evaluated as ‘proficient’, 46 (29.3 per cent) were ‘pass’, and 14 (8.9 per cent) were ‘fail’. In regression analyses, handling the mesoappendix was significantly associated with procedure proficiency, as were division of appendix, access to abdomen, and ability to handle the small bowel. The widest variation in operative flow was shown for steps involving mesoappendix and division of appendix, conceptualized in ‘ebb-and-flow’ and ‘string-of-pearls’ models. Sensitivity analyses for experience using 20 or fewer, 30 or fewer, or more than 30 procedures as cut-offs reproduced comparable results.ConclusionsConsistent stumbling blocks for junior trainees performing laparoscopic appendectomies can be conceptualized through novel models that identify steps deemed to be the most difficult to trainees with variable experience.
Regulation of signaling pathways in hair follicle stem cells
Authors: Wang Xiaoxiang , Liu Yinghui , He Jia , Wang Jingru , Chen Xiaodong , Yang Ronghua 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) reside in the bulge region of the outer root sheath of the hair follicle. They are considered slow-cycling cells that are endowed with multilineage differentiation potential and superior proliferative capacity. The normal morphology and periodic growth of HFSCs play a significant role in normal skin functions, wound repair and skin regeneration. The HFSCs involved in these pathophysiological processes are regulated by a series of cell signal transduction pathways, such as lymphoid enhancer factor/T-cell factor, Wnt/β-catenin, transforming growth factor-β/bone morphogenetic protein, Notch and Hedgehog. The mechanisms of the interactions among these signaling pathways and their regulatory effects on HFSCs have been previously studied, but many mechanisms are still unclear. This article reviews the regulation of hair follicles, HFSCs and related signaling pathways, with the aims of summarizing previous research results, revealing the regulatory mechanisms of HFSC proliferation and differentiation and providing important references and new ideas for treating clinical diseases.
WNT5A drives interleukin-6-dependent epithelial–mesenchymal transition via the JAK/STAT pathway in keloid pathogenesis
Authors: Lee Young In , Shim Jung Eun , Kim Jihee , Lee Won Jai , Kim Jae Woo , Nam Kee Hyun , Lee Ju Hee 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Keloid scarring is a fibroproliferative disease caused by aberrant genetic activation with an unclear underlying mechanism. Genetic predisposition, aberrant cellular responses to environmental factors, increased inflammatory cytokines and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenomena are known as major contributors. In this study, we aimed to identify the molecular drivers that initiate keloid pathogenesis.

Methods
Bulk tissue RNA sequencing analyses of keloid and normal tissues along with ex vivo and in vitro tests were performed to identify the contributing genes to keloid pathogenesis. An animal model of inflammatory keloid scarring was reproduced by replication of a skin fibrosis model with intradermal bleomycin injection in C57BL/6 mice.

Results
Gene set enrichment analysis revealed upregulation of Wnt family member 5A (WNT5A) expression and genes associated with EMT in keloid tissues. Consistently, human keloid tissues and the bleomycin-induced skin fibrosis animal model showed significantly increased expression of WNT5A and EMT markers. Increased activation of the interleukin (IL)-6/Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway and subsequent elevation of EMT markers was also observed in keratinocytes co-cultured with WNT5A-activated fibroblasts or keloid fibroblasts. Furthermore, WNT5A silencing and the blockage of IL-6 secretion via neutralizing IL-6 antibody reversed hyperactivation of the STAT pathway and EMT markers in keratinocytes. Lastly, STAT3 silencing significantly reduced the EMT-like phenotypes in both keratinocytes and IL-6-stimulated keratinocytes.

Conclusions
Intercellular communication via the WNT5A and STAT pathways possibly underlies a partial mechanism of EMT-like phenomena in keloid pathogenesis. IL-6 secreted from WNT5A-activated fibroblasts or keloid fibroblasts activates the JAK/STAT signaling pathway in adjacent keratinocytes which in turn express EMT markers. A better understanding of keloid development and the role of WNT5A in EMT will promote the development of next-generation targeted treatments for keloid scars.
Commercial wound dressings for the treatment of exuding wounds: an in-depth physico-chemical comparative study
Authors: Minsart Manon , Van Vlierberghe Sandra , Dubruel Peter , Mignon Arn 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Nowadays, a wide range of wound dressings is already commercially available. The selection of the dressing is of paramount importance as inappropriate wound management and dressing selection can delay the wound healing process. Not only can this be distressing for the patient, but it can also contribute to complications such as maceration and subsequent infection. Many researchers are targeting the design of dressings with superior properties over existing commercial dressings. However, reported results in the state-of-the-art are rarely benchmarked against commercial dressings. The aim of this study was to determine several characteristics of a large variety of the most frequently used commercial wound dressings, providing an overview for both practitioners and researchers.

Methods
For this comparative study, 11 frequently used commercial wound dressings were selected, representing the different types. The morphology was studied using scanning electron microscopy. The dressings were characterized in terms of swelling capacity (water, phosphate buffered saline and simulated wound fluid), moisture vapour transmission rate (MVTR) and moisture uptake capacity (via dynamic vapour sorption) as well as mechanical properties using tensile testing and texturometry.

Results
The selected dressings showed distinctive morphological differences (fibrous, porous and/or gel) which was reflected in the different properties. Indeed, the swelling capacities ranged between 1.5 and 23.2 g/g (water), 2.1 and 17.6 g/g (phosphate buffered saline) or 2.9 and 20.8 g/g (simulated wound fluid). The swelling capacity of the dressings in water increased even further upon freeze-drying, due to the formation of pores. The MVTR values varied between 40 and 930 g/m2/24 h. The maximal moisture uptake capacity varied between 5.8% and 105.7% at 95% relative humidity. Some commercial dressings exhibited a superior mechanical strength, due to either being hydrophobic or multi-layered.

Conclusions
The present work not only offers insight into a valuable toolbox of suitable wound dressing characterization techniques, but also provides an extensive landscaping of commercial dressings along with their physico-chemical properties, obtained through reproducible experimental protocols. Furthermore, it ensures appropriate benchmark values for commercial dressings in all forthcoming studies and could aid researchers with the development of novel modern wound dressings. The tested dressings either exhibited a high strength or a high swelling capacity, suggesting that there is still a strong potential in the wound dressings market for dressings that possess both.
Advances in the pathogenesis and clinical application prospects of tumor biomolecules in keloid
Authors: Xia Yijun , Wang Youbin , Shan Mengjie , Hao Yan , Liu Hao , Chen Qiao , Liang Zhengyun 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Keloid scarring is a kind of pathological healing manifestation after skin injury and possesses various tumor properties, such as the Warburg effect, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), expression imbalances of apoptosis-related genes and the presence of stem cells. Abnormal expression of tumor signatures is critical to the initiation and operation of these effects. Although previous experimental studies have recognized the potential value of a single or several tumor biomolecules in keloids, a comprehensive evaluation system for multiple tumor signatures in keloid scarring is still lacking. This paper aims to summarize tumor biomolecules in keloids from the perspectives of liquid biopsy, genetics, proteomics and epigenetics and to investigate their mechanisms of action and feasibility from bench to bedside. Liquid biopsy is suitable for the early screening of people with keloids due to its noninvasive and accurate performance. Epigenetic biomarkers do not require changes in the gene sequence and their reversibility and tissue specificity make them ideal therapeutic targets. Nonetheless, given the ethnic specificity and genetic predisposition of keloids, more large-sample multicenter studies are indispensable for determining the prevalence of these signatures and for establishing diagnostic criteria and therapeutic efficacy estimations based on these molecules.
Black women pundits and the possibilities of critical discord
Authors: Tounsel Timeka N 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Cable news has been critiqued as a problematic force that stokes partisan divides and threatens the kind of informed, civil discourse fundamental to democracy. Nevertheless, I argue that this perceived culture of incivility, or departure from traditional telejournalism practices, is in fact what allows some marginalized speakers to appropriate cable news as a space for subversive discourse. Using a Black feminist communication framework, this article analyzes how two Black women pundits—Angela Rye and Joy Reid—enact critical discord in their televisual performances. Critical discord is a discursive maneuver rooted in Black consciousness whereby pundits embrace their racial identity as a political subjectivity through which they engage a folk hermeneutic that deviates from hegemonic news values. These commentators operate as disruptors who refashion the tools of their genre—debate and sensationalism—to challenge dominant viewpoints which privilege colorblind interpretations of the news.
Home-delivered meals as an adjuvant to improve volume overload and clinical outcomes in hemodialysis
Authors: Perez Luis M , Biruete Annabel , Wilund Kenneth R 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
Patients on chronic hemodialysis are counseled to reduce dietary sodium intake to limit their thirst and consequent interdialytic weight gain (IDWG), chronic volume overload and hypertension. Low-sodium dietary trials in hemodialysis are sparse and mostly indicate that dietary education and behavioral counseling are ineffective in reducing sodium intake and IDWG. Additional nutritional restrictions and numerous barriers further complicate dietary adherence. A low-sodium diet may also reduce tissue sodium, which is positively associated with hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy. A potential alternative or complementary approach to dietary counseling is home delivery of low-sodium meals. Low-sodium meal delivery has demonstrated benefits in patients with hypertension and congestive heart failure but has not been explored or implemented in patients undergoing hemodialysis. The objective of this review is to summarize current strategies to improve volume overload and provide a rationale for low-sodium meal delivery as a novel method to reduce volume-dependent hypertension and tissue sodium accumulation while improving quality of life and other clinical outcomes in patients undergoing hemodialysis.