bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of awareness and knowledge of schistosomiasis among school-aged children (6–13 years) in the Okavango Delta, Botswana
Authors: Gabaake Kebabonye P. , Phaladze Nthabiseng A. , Lucero-Prisno III Don Eliseo , Thakadu Olekae T. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Schistosomiasis is a global health problem affecting 250 million people, with 90% in Sub-Saharan Africa. In Botswana, the burden is high in the Okavango delta because of the water channels. WHO recommends integrated measures, including access to clean water, sanitation, health education, and drugs to control and eliminate schistosomiasis. Gauging knowledge and awareness of schistosomiasis for School-Aged Children (SAC) is crucial. Our study aimed at assessing knowledge and awareness of schistosomiasis among SAC in the Okavango Delta.

Methods
A cross-sectional survey assessing awareness and knowledge of schistosomiasis in schools was conducted. 480 questionnaires were administered to gather demographic profiles, awareness, and knowledge of risky behaviors. Chi-square and descriptive analysis determined the differences in SAC`s awareness and knowledge levels based on localities, gender, age, and health education.

Results
The results showed a low awareness level, with only (42%) of respondents having heard about the disease and (52%) knowing its local name. Younger children from Sekondomboro (83%) and Samochima lacked awareness, while children from Mohembo (77%) and those who had health education (70%) demonstrated significant awareness levels (P ≤ 0.001). Seventy-two percent (72%) lacked knowledge of the cause and (95%) did not know the disease life-cycle. Children from Xakao (91%), (85%) Sepopa, and (75%) of younger children did not know haematuria is a symptom of the disease. Older and SAC with health education were more likely to know that swimming is a risk factor (P ≤ 0.001) and (P ≤ 0.05) respectively.

Conclusions
Although respondents from four schools demonstrated some level of awareness of the disease, and knowledge of risky behaviors, the study showed a lack of in-depth knowledge on the life-cycle and cause of the diseases. We, therefore, recommend the implementation of an integrated approach to health education and improvement in access to clean water and sanitation in all study areas.
PUMD: a PU learning-based malicious domain detection framework
Authors: Fan Zhaoshan , Wang Qing , Jiao Haoran , Liu Junrong , Cui Zelin , Liu Song , Liu Yuling 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDomain name system (DNS), as one of the most critical internet infrastructure, has been abused by various cyber attacks. Current malicious domain detection capabilities are limited by insufficient credible label information, severe class imbalance, and incompact distribution of domain samples in different malicious activities. This paper proposes a malicious domain detection framework named PUMD, which innovatively introduces Positive and Unlabeled (PU) learning solution to solve the problem of insufficient label information, adopts customized sample weight to improve the impact of class imbalance, and effectively constructs evidence features based on resource overlapping to reduce the intra-class distance of malicious samples. Besides, a feature selection strategy based on permutation importance and binning is proposed to screen the most informative detection features. Finally, we conduct experiments on the open source real DNS traffic dataset provided by QI-ANXIN Technology Group to evaluate the PUMD framework’s ability to capture potential command and control (C&C) domains for malicious activities. The experimental results prove that PUMD can achieve the best detection performance under different label frequencies and class imbalance ratios.
Ultrasound-guided vacuum-assisted excision biopsy in breast fibroadenomas: an Egyptian center experience
Authors: Soliman Ahmed Hassan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Benign breast tumors although classified as benign lesions but excising them remain a troublesome problem. Surgical excision for benign breast lesions frightens most of female population suffering from such a problem, which created an urgency to search for a safe and effective alternative. My aim was to assess the efficacy of vacuum-assisted biopsy (VAB) excision system for the removal of benign breast lesions in terms of complete excision rate and incidence of complications.

Results
Twenty-three female patients with 29 twenty-nine lesions were included in our study. Mean age was 33 years (19–52 years). The incidence of complete excision was 100% in follow-up with 3 drop outs. The largest diameter of the tumors ranged from 1.2 to 3.3 cm. Rate of occurrence of complications in form of intra-procedural pain, 69% of our patients experienced mild intra-procedural pain with visual analog pain scale (VAS) score (1–3).21% experienced moderate pain with VAS score (4–6).8% experienced no pain. Patients who developed post procedural ecchymosis were 17% while hematoma group of patients were 10% of total number of patients.

Conclusions
The study showed that the use of vacuum-assisted biopsy excision system could provide a safe method for complete excision of fibroadenomas, with low rate of complications as incomplete excision, pain, and hematoma formation.
Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect of Moringa oleifera against bisphenol-A-induced hepatotoxicity
Authors: Abd-Elnaby Yasmin A. , ElSayed Ibrahim E. , AbdEldaim Mabrouk A. , Badr Eman A. , Abdelhafez Mona M. , Elmadbouh Ibrahim 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Non-pharmacological exposure or pharmacological drug-induced hepatic injury is the most common cause of hepatotoxicity. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Moringa oleifera leaf extract against bisphenol-A (BPA)-induced hepatic toxicity in rats.

Methods
Rats (n=56) were randomized into 7 groups (8 rats/each). Control groups: rats received olive oil or Moringa oleifera (400mg/kg) orally for 42 days. Hepatotoxicity groups: rats received BPA (50mg/kg BW) orally in a 1-ml olive oil for 42 days. Reversal groups: rats received Moringa oleifera (200 or 400mg/kg) and BPA (50mg/kg BW) for 42 days. Preventive groups: rats received Moringa oleifera (200 or 400mg/kg) for 30 days followed by BPA (50mg/kg BW) for 14 days. At the end of the experiments, blood samples were collected for glucose and liver function assay, while the liver tissue samples were collected and homogenated for measuring the inflammatory/oxidant and antioxidant markers.

Results
Rats with BPA-induced hepatotoxicity have significantly increased serum aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and glucose; liver lysate malondialdehyde (MDA); tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α); and macrophage migrating inhibitory factor (MIF) but significantly decreased levels of liver lysate reduced glutathione (GSH) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels. The administration of Moringa oleifera (especially 400mg/kg BW) in both reversal and preventive groups ameliorate the toxic effects of BPA in rats, as it decreased the activities of AST, ALT, glucose, MDA, TNF-α, and MIF levels and increased the antioxidant levels of GSH and TAC.

Conclusion
Moringa oleifera has hepatoprotective effects against BPA-induced liver damage through the regulation of antioxidants and inflammatory biomarkers.
Iatrogenic massive hemorrhagic edema of the tongue: a case report
Authors: Kyriaki Vallianou , Fani Saini , Jiannis Hajiioannou 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Lingual edema is usually the result of infectious etiology, angioedema, and less commonly of traumatic etiology.
As for the therapeutic approach, the first priority excluding airway compromise or ensuring airway safety. Antibiotic treatment should be administered for tongue swelling of inflammatory etiology while standard therapy with epinephrine, steroids, and antihistamines is recommended for cases of anaphylaxis. In addition, in case of injury causing lingual edema, one of the treatment options is surgical intervention.

Aim of work
The aim of our work is to present a rare and simultaneously instructive case of traumatic hemorrhagic edema of the tongue, leading to airway obstruction.

Case presentation
We report a case of hemorrhagic traumatic lingual edema, initially without symptoms of upper airway obstruction on admission. However, immediate intervention and airway securing was necessary due to rapid growth of the edema.
Then, as long as patient was hemodynamically stable and airway patency was ensured, the diagnosis of iatrogenic tongue hematoma was confirmed. The challenge was to decide the appropriate treatment for the patient. Following, she was taken for 24 h to the ICU due to lactic acidosis while the bleeding was treated conservatively.
Afterward, she was transferred to the clinic, hemodynamically stable, and was discharged uneventfully.

Conclusions
Hemorrhagic edema of the tongue may become a life-threatening condition. Its rapid growth can lead to obstruction of the upper respiratory way; therefore, special wariness in its management is required. Treatment can be conservative or surgical, depending on the size and tendency of hematoma to increase.
Conformal optical black hole for cavity
Authors: Ba Qingtao , Zhou Yangyang , Li Jue , Xiao Wen , Ye Longfang , Liu Yineng , Chen Jin-hui , Chen Huanyang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWhispering-gallery-mode (WGM) cavity is important for exploring physics of strong light-matter interaction. Yet it suffers from the notorious radiation loss universally due to the light tunneling effect through the curved boundary. In this work, we propose and demonstrate an optical black hole (OBH) cavity based on transformation optics. The radiation loss of all WGMs in the ideal OBH cavity is completely inhibited by an infinite wide potential barrier. Besides, the WGM field in the OBH cladding is revealed to follow $$1/r^\alpha$$

1
/

r
α

decay rule based on conformal mapping, which is fundamentally different from the conventional Hankel-function distributions in a homogeneous cavity. Experimentally, a truncated OBH cavity is achieved based on the effective medium theory, and both the Q-factor enhancement and tightly confined WGM fields are measured in the microwave spectra which agree well with the theoretical results. The circular OBH cavity is further applied to the arbitrary-shaped cavities including single-core and multi-core structures with high-Q factor via the conformal mapping. The OBH cavity design strategy can be generalized to resonant modes of various wave systems, such as acoustic and elastic waves, and finds applications in energy harvesting and optoelectronics.
Meaningful measures for advanced cancer: Building a measure set to promote goal-concordant care.
Authors: McNiff Landrum Kristen K. , Ross Tom , Andiel Corinna , Eaton Keith D. , Edge Stephen B. , George Marina C. , Lakin Joshua , Morse Denise , Papio Joseph , Plank Wendy , Thacker Lauren , Thompson Emily , Zachariah Finly , Kolosky Jack 
Published: September 2022

210 Background: Research suggests that patients with advanced cancer do not reliably receive care consistent with their goals and values, indicating an important gap. While experts promote measurement of ‘goal concordant care’ this construct is difficult to measure due to definitional and data complexity. The 10 cancer hospitals of the Alliance of Dedicated Cancer Centers (ADCC) have collaboratively implemented interventions to improve goal concordant care and create a wholistic measure set through the Improving Goal Concordant Care (IGCC) Initiative. Methods: ADCC launched the 3 year initiative in 2020. Oncology, palliative care and quality experts completed conceptual work prior to launch including identifying core intervention components, specific aims and potential measures. Following an environmental scan, a workgroup brainstormed relevant measures, then applied feasibility and priority ratings. Patient/family advisors provided guidance. In 2020, a measure panel initiated technical development, using existing specifications as feasible. Claims-based measures were modeled. Following alpha testing, quarterly data submission of selected measures began in 2022. Results: During the conceptual phase, the workgroup identified 60 measures. 19 measures remained following the prioritization and feasibility rating; 14 have been tested and implemented to date (Table). A stakeholder (e.g., patients, physicians, administrators) assessment regarding each measure’s value in assessing quality and usefulness for improvement is in progress. Conclusions: In support of IGCC, we created a set of measures to assess progress towards achieving goal-concordant care. This measure set is intended to be useful in any cancer setting.[Table: see text]
Real-world practice patterns in multidisciplinary squamous cell carcinoma care at community oncology centers.
Authors: Kirkwood John M. , Krakowski Andrew C. , Carter Jeffrey D. , Heggen Cherilyn , McKinnon Kelly E. 
Published: September 2022

261 Background: As the incidence of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) continues to rise and newer systemic therapies become available, coordination of care between dermatologists and oncologists will be vital to provide quality, patient-centered care. Methods: Between 8/17/2020 and 11/30/2020, we surveyed dermatology team members (n = 50) and oncology team members (n = 54) at 5 community oncology practices to assess current practices, challenges/barriers, and areas for improvement in multidisciplinary care of cSCC. Providers then participated in audit/feedback educational sessions and developed action plans to address identified gaps. Results: A majority of providers (72%) reported “very low” or “low” levels of care coordination between oncology and dermatology teams (5-point Likert scale). The three main barriers identified by dermatology/oncology teams included lack of relationship to other specialties (36%/47%), lack of multidisciplinary tumor board (30%/36%), and difficulty with patient navigation to follow-up and monitoring (44%/29%). In addition, lack of administrative support (30%/47%), lack of time (54%/42%), and high case load (32%/16%) hindered multidisciplinary tumor board meetings. Overall, dermatology teams reported lower confidence in making treatment decisions for patients with advanced cSCC compared to oncology teams. Specific strategies were identified to bridge these gaps and improve cSCC care including improving electronic communication, coordinating treatment plans with multidisciplinary teams, integrating educational seminars between oncologists and dermatologists, and finding better multimodality therapeutic options. Conclusions: These findings reveal important challenges in multidisciplinary care of cSCC in community oncology clinics. The identified gaps may inform future implementation science initiatives, and represent key opportunities for improvement in cSCC patient care.[Table: see text]
A novel cannabis education clinic for patients with cancer: Patient characteristics from initial visit.
Authors: Zylla Dylan M. , Jax Sarah , Schmiechen Katherine , Jelle Katie , Gilmore Grace 
Published: September 2022

298 Background: Patients with cancer express growing interest in using cannabis to alleviate symptoms and want information from their oncology care teams. However, most oncology clinicians report insufficient knowledge to discuss potential benefits and risks of cannabis with patients. Methods: We created the Cannabis and Cancer Research and Education Clinic (CanCaRE) to educate patients interested in cannabis use through 1:1 video consultations with an oncology advanced practice clinician. We also developed an electronic registry built in REDCap that tracks outcomes including NCI PRO-CTCAE symptom questionnaires. All patients receive an intake survey with questions about their diagnosis, cancer treatments, current symptom burden, cannabis use history, and current medications. Results: During the first 18 months of the CanCaRE clinic, 103 of the 130 patients seen for consultation completed the intake survey. All 16 of our clinic’s medical oncologists had at least one patient receive a consultation. Patients had diverse cancer diagnoses (breast (19%), gynecologic (15%), lung (11%), pancreas (11%)) and were more often white (84%), not currently using cannabis (74%), and female (60%), with a median age of 64 (range 26-92). Most respondents (41%) had stage IV disease with the remaining 32% stage I-III (28% unknown). Table outlines symptom burden at time of initial CanCaRE consultation. The percentage of patients using medications for symptoms was high; non-opioid analgesics (81%), antiemetics (52%), anxiety/depression meds (52%), sleep meds (39%), and opioids (30%). The most common initial cannabis product recommendation included an oral tablet/solution (2.5mg THC/2.5mg CBD) twice daily as well as a THC-dominant vaporizer (3-5mg THC per puff) as needed. Conclusions: The development of a cannabis clinic to provide patients with cancer personalized education and dosing guidance is novel and helps serve an unmet need. Patients have diverse cancer histories and express a high level of symptom burden. Patients and oncology care teams report high satisfaction with our clinic model. Initial cannabis dosing recommendations used a “start low, go slow” titration plan. Analysis has begun on cannabis use patterns and changes in symptoms/concomitant medications to further tailor recommendations that are safe, effective, and cost-efficient. Exploring ways to expand this clinic model to other cancer centers is underway.[Table: see text]
Do clinical pathways impede provider workflow: A provider efficiency analysis of time spent using an EHR-embedded clinical decision support tool.
Authors: Maniago Rebecca , Miao Jennifer , Jou Stephanie , Calip Gregory Sampang , Huda Shawn , Shulman Lawrence N. , Bange Erin Mary , Singh Aditi Puri , Davella Christopher 
Published: September 2022

381 Background: With the growing complexity and cost of cancer care, adoption of oncology pathway tools as clinical decision support (CDS) has increased at the point of care. These tools have been shown to improve care quality, reduce variations in care and reduce healthcare costs. Flatiron Assist (FA) is a customizable CDS tool that is embedded in the electronic health record (EHR) to facilitate selection and documentation of National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guideline concordant cancer treatment regimens. The time burden of engaging with CDS tools is a top concern for clinicians and often limits uptake of these tools. However, data on the actual time spent utilizing these tools in clinical practice is limited. Our study reports on the time spent by clinicians in various oncology practices, utilizing and ordering cancer treatment regimens with a CDS tool. Methods: We reviewed all completed sessions in FA from July 23, 2021 to May 23, 2022 by 878 prescribers at 24 academic and community oncology centers. Sessions that were part of an electronic prior authorization pilot program were excluded for purposes of standardization. Session length was defined as the time from the completion of application launch to application exit. For prescribers who completed over 20 sessions, we compared the mean sessions lengths of user’s initial sessions (#1-10) to subsequent sessions (#11-20) using paired t tests. We also determined the total number of potential CDS tool sessions per user per week. Results: All 14,394 CDS tool sessions were analyzed during the 10 month observation period. Median session length was 42 seconds (95th percentile, 253 seconds or 4.2 minutes). The average number of treatment orders placed was 5 per week per provider. Table shows the median session length across the 9 most commonly treated cancers. For the 31 prescribers who started using FA during the study and completed more than 20 sessions, the mean (SD) session length decreased from 95.2 (11.8) seconds in sessions #1-10 to 71.0 (6.0) seconds in sessions #11-20 (two-sided P = 0.034). Conclusions: Utilization of FA as a CDS tool to provide guideline concordant care is feasible and adds less than 4 minutes/week on average to a provider’s workflow. When used effectively, it can integrate seamlessly into provider workflows across academic and community practices without disruptive increases in time or effort of cancer treatment regimen ordering. Future studies are needed to evaluate the impact of product improvements, content changes, and electronic prior authorization integrations on time in this workflow.[Table: see text]
Liquid biopsy detection of tumor shed in cancers for which molecular profiling is best practice.
Authors: Kasi Pashtoon Murtaza , Weipert Caroline , Kaylor Julie 
Published: September 2022

412 Background: Technology and innovation in genomic profiling provides an opportunity to improve the outcomes of advanced solid cancer patients including some cancer agnostic approved therapies, and biomarker analysis is recommended within NCCN guidelines for 15 solid cancers. Tissue-based molecular profiling may not be efficient or feasible for many patients due to factors such as fitness for procedure, timeliness to treatment, and sample exhaustion, leading to healthcare disparities. Despite robust validation and regulatory approval for use in genomic profiling across all advanced solid tumors, circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) or “liquid biopsy” is included within NCCN guidelines for 9 solid cancers. The utility of ctDNA based profiling in additional cancers for which molecular analysis is recommended is contingent upon the ability to reliably detect tumor shed and biomarkers of interest. Methods: Results were analyzed for a large nationwide cohort over 40,000 patients seen across community and academic settings receiving Guardant360 CDx or Guardant360 (Guardant Health, Redwood City, CA) in a 6-month window to evaluate detection of ctDNA, or tumor shed, among cancers for which guidelines do and do not currently include liquid biopsy. Results: Tumor shed was detected in 83%-92% (median 89%) of cancers for which guidelines include liquid biopsy, and 73%-94% (median 88%) for those without guideline inclusion for liquid biopsy. The detection of tumor shed was similar among cancer types with and without liquid biopsy inclusion in guidelines (p value = 0.5014; two-tailed t-test). Conclusions: The non-invasive nature of liquid biopsy, rapid turnaround, and sufficient tumor shed (as shown by results of this study) further support the inclusion of liquid biopsy in NCCN guidelines when molecular profiling is indicated. For tumors where it may replace the need for tissue biopsy acquisition, a plasma-first approach incorporating a liquid biopsy can reduce the financial toxicity as it would be more efficient and cost-effective.[Table: see text]