bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Curcumin and Derivatives in Nanoformulations with Therapeutic Potential on Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Idoudi Sourour , Bedhiafi Takwa , Hijji Yousef Mohammad , Billa Nashiru 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThere is growing concern in the rise of colorectal cancer (CRC) cases globally, and with this rise is the presentation of drug resistance. Like other cancers, current treatment options are either invasive or manifest severe side effects. Thus, there is a move towards implementing safer treatment options. Curcumin (CUR), extracted from Curcuma longa, has received significant attention by scientists as possible alternative to chemotherapeutic agents. It is safe and effective against CRC and nontoxic in moderate concentrations. Crucially, it specifically modulates apoptotic effects on CRC. However, the use of CUR is limited by its low solubility and poor bioavailability in aqueous media. These limitations are surmountable through novel approaches, such as nanoencapsulation of CUR, which masks the physicochemical properties of CUR, thus potentiating its anti-CRC effects. Furthermore, chemical derivatization of CUR is another approach that can be used to address the above constraints. This review spans published work in the last two decades, with key findings employing either of the two approaches, in addition to a combined approach in managing CRC. The combined approach affords the possibility of better treatment outcomes but not widely investigated nor yet clinically implemented.
Graphical Abstract
Molecular signature of postmortem lung tissue from COVID-19 patients suggests distinct trajectories driving mortality
Authors: Budhraja Anshul , Basu Anubhav , Gheware Atish , Abhilash Dasari , Rajagopala Seesandra , Pakala Suman , Sumit Madhuresh , Ray Animesh , Subramaniam Arulselvi , Mathur Purva , Nambirajan Aruna , Kumar Sachin , Gupta Ritu , Wig Naveet , Trikha Anjan , Guleria Randeep , Sarkar Chitra , Gupta Ishaan , Jain Deepali 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTTo elucidate the molecular mechanisms that manifest lung abnormalities during severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections, we performed whole-transcriptome sequencing of lung autopsies from 31 patients with severe COVID-19 and ten uninfected controls. Using metatranscriptomics, we identified the existence of two distinct molecular signatures of lethal COVID-19. The dominant ‘classical’ signature (n=23) showed upregulation of the unfolded protein response, steroid biosynthesis and complement activation, supported by massive metabolic reprogramming leading to characteristic lung damage. The rarer signature (n=8) that potentially represents ‘cytokine release syndrome’ (CRS) showed upregulation of cytokines such as IL1 and CCL19, but absence of complement activation. We found that a majority of patients cleared SARS-CoV-2 infection, but they suffered from acute dysbiosis with characteristic enrichment of opportunistic pathogens such as Staphylococcus cohnii in ‘classical’ patients and Pasteurella multocida in CRS patients. Our results suggest two distinct models of lung pathology in severe COVID-19 patients, which can be identified through complement activation, presence of specific cytokines and characteristic microbiome. These findings can be used to design personalized therapy using in silico identified drug molecules or in mitigating specific secondary infections.
Adverse drug reactions to the three doses of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) mRNA-1273 vaccine in a cohort of cancer patients under active treatment of a tertiary hospital in Madrid, Spain
Authors: Benitez Fuentes Javier David , de Luna Aguilar Alicia , Jimenez Ortega Alejandro Francisco , Flores Navarro Paloma , Bartolomé Arcilla Jorge , Baos Muñoz Elvira , Delgado-Iribarren García-Campero Alberto , Gil Useros Sara , Martinez Capella Ignacio , Llorente Sanz Laura , Torrego Ellacuría Macarena , Pérez Segura Pedro 
Published: April 2022

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines efficacy and safety have been tested in phase 3 studies in which cancer patients were not included or were underrepresented. Methods: The objective of this study is to evaluate the safety profile of the mRNA-1273 vaccine across cancer patients and its relationship to patients’ demographics. This retrospective cohort study included patients 18-years or older with solid malignancies receiving active treatment in our hospital who had received the three-dose schedule of the mRNA9 1273 vaccine and whose side effects after each dose were recorded. Patient electronic medical records were reviewed retrospectively to collect data between April 19, 2021, and December 31, 2021. Patients with documented previous infection by SARS-Cov-2 were excluded from the study. Results: A total of 93 patients met the inclusion criteria. Local adverse drug reactions (ADRs) were reported more frequently after the first and second dose than after the third (41.9%, 43% and 31.1% of the patients respectively), while systemic ADRs followed the opposite pattern (16.1%, 34.4% and 52.6% of the patients respectively). We found a statistically significant association between sex and systemic ADRs after the third dose. Cochran-Armitage test showed a statistically significant linear trend, p = 0.012, with a higher Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score associated with a lower proportion of patients suffering from systemic side effects. A logistic regression showed that women had 5.79 times higher odds to exhibit systemic ADRs after the third dose (p=0.01) compared to males. Increasing age was associated with a decreased likelihood of exhibiting ADRs (p=0.016). Conclusion: The mRNA-1273 vaccine shows a tolerable safety profile. The likelihood of ADRs appears to be associated with gender and age. Its association with ECOG scores is less evident. Further studies are needed to elucidate this data in cancer patients.
Stage 1 Registered Report: Do psychological diversities contribute to preventing the coronavirus spread? Testing a neurodiversity hypothesis amidst the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Kusztor Aniko , Alemany Gonzalez Maria , Tsuchiya Naotsugu , Koizumi Ai 
Published: April 2022

Background: Contemporary societies lack direct evidence that diversity of neuro-origin psychological traits – neurodiversity – benefits the human species. Psychological diversities including those with heightened traits of obsessive-compulsiveness (OC) may play a critical preventative role amidst a pandemic because of their natural dispositions for immunizing cognitions and behaviors based on obsessive pathogen concerns. We aim to test this notion in the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods: We will conduct an online survey examining the hypotheses that individuals with higher psychological traits of OC are less likely to get infected while they show enhanced self-diagnosis of infection. Conclusions: Such results would suggest that those generally perceived as “psychological minorities” due to increased pathogen concerns may serve preventive roles against pandemics at both individual and collective levels.
Maxillary first premolar shape (and not size) as an indicator of sexual dimorphism: A 2D geomorphometric study
Authors: Natarajan Srikant , Ahmed Junaid , Jose Nidhin Philip , Shetty Shravan 
Published: April 2022

Introduction The primary aim of the study is to evaluate the morphological form of the maxillary first premolar using 2D geomorphometry and evaluate the sexually dimorphic characteristics. Methods The present study was carried out on standardized photographs of right Maxillary first premolar from 55 dental casts (33 male and 22 females). Nineteen landmarks (based on geometric and anatomic evidence) were marked on the tooth using TPSdig software and analysed using Morpho J applying procrustes analysis and discriminant function analysis Results The results showed similar centroid sizes between gender (p = 0.606). Procrustes ANOVA for shape analysis showed a greater dimorphism between sexs (f value of 1.4 ; p value=0.0624). Discriminant function analysis based on the procrustes coordinates showed an overall accuracy of 90.91 % in classifying sex based on the landmark coordinates with correct classification of 20/22 (90.99%) females and 30/33 (90.91) males. Conclusion Shape of the tooth can be measured objectively using geometric morphometric methods which can be utilized to identify the sex of an individual. Enamel covering the crown of the teeth is biologically stable resisting climatic, physical and chemical insults. The enamel is derived from ectoderm and once formed does not change during the life. The tooth's structure and shape are determined by the sex chromosomes, which is well represented as sexual dimorphism. The study evaluates the occlusal and contact area morphology of premolars. These are important parameters considered during restorative treatment, functional rehabilitation and forensic investigations.
Undergraduate medical education at a district general hospital: facilitating the transition from student to medical professional
Authors: Cunningham Neil , O'Neil Vicky , Leng Christopher , Sethia Babulal 
Published: April 2022

Background: The transition from student to medical professional represents a major challenge for all medical students. Every intake of newly qualified doctors increases potential risks to patients. In the UK, this is often colloquially referred to as the ‘August Effect’. At one District General Hospital, a ‘Ward-Craft and Bleep Simulation Programme’ was implemented for final year medical students. This aimed to equip students with the procedural knowledge and soft skills to support the transition from undergraduate training to professional working life as a junior doctor. Methods: A series of six, weekly, two-hour workshops which focussed on common clinical problems encountered by newly qualified doctors was delivered to final year medical students (‘Ward-Craft Programme’). Students then participated in a two-hour high fidelity, in-situ, ‘Bleep Simulation Programme. The programme was facilitated by a Clinical Teaching Fellow and evaluated through an anonymous feedback survey Results: 98.9% of students (n=259) agreed, or strongly agreed, that the programme helped them feel more prepared and confident for life as a junior doctor. Participants provided overwhelmingly positive feedback, specifically noting that the programme addressed feelings of confusion, anxiety, and the feeling of being overwhelmed by the work of junior doctor. Conclusions: The Ward-Craft and Bleep Simulation Programme has been positively received by medical students from universities with very different types of learning styles and courses. The replication of similar programmes for final year medical students is a valuable training opportunity for final year medical students and may help mitigate the challenges posed by the ‘August effect’.
Online patient literature related to oesophageal surgery: the need for greater readability, accreditation and higher quality
Authors: Musbahi A , Rao CB , Immanuel A , Hayes N 
Published: April 2022

IntroductionOesophageal cancer is the sixth most common cause of death worldwide but is treatable through surgery. As part of the consenting process, surgeons may guide patients towards online information leaflets to understand more about their condition and treatment. This review aimed to systematically analyse some of the current resources that can be accessed via the internet.MethodsA stringent search criteria was used to select online patient information leaflets for oesophageal cancer surgery. Leaflets were scored based on the Flesch–Kincaid Reading Ease score, DISCERN score, Health on the Net Code of Conduct (HONcode) certification/Information Standard Certification and International Patient Decision Aid Standards (IPDAS) score.FindingsOnly five sites had achieved HONcode certification. Only three sources were deemed readable using the Flesch–Kincaid scoring system and no sources reached the recommended readability using IPDAS. No source reached a maximum score with DISCERN, with the mean overall quality being 2.98. There was no significant difference between accredited and unaccredited sources. From our sample, patient information sources on oesophageal cancer surgery have a low readability.ConclusionsMore research is required to ascertain patient behaviour with regards to accessing the literature. Patients and healthcare professionals should liaise with each other to produce more readable, high-quality patient information on oesophageal cancer surgery.
Flora da Bahia: Amaranthaceae - Amaranthoideae e Gomphrenoideae
Authors: Senna Luisa Ramos , Giulietti Ana Maria , Rapini Alessandro 
Published: April 2022

This account of the Amaranthaceae: Amaranthoideae and Gomphrenoideae is a further contribution to the ongoing Flora of Bahia project. A total of 16 genera and 67 species are recognized for the state of Bahia, Brazil. The genera represented with number of species are: Achyranthes (1 sp.), Alternanthera (13 spp.), Amaranthus (3 spp.), Blutaparon (2 spp.), Celosia (3 spp.), Chamissoa (2 spp.), Cyathula (2 spp.), Froelichia (2 spp.), Gomphrena (23 spp.), Hebanthe (1 sp.), Herbstia (1 sp.), Iresine (1 sp.), Lecosia (1 sp.), Pfaffia (9 spp.), Quaternella (1 sp.) e Xerosiphon (2 spp.). Keys for genera and species are provided, together with descriptions, ilustrations and general notes on the species.
Portopulmonary hypertension and the risk of high right ventricular systolic pressure in liver transplant candidates
Authors: Hayashi Ryoko , Kogiso Tomomi , Kikuchi Noriko , Yamamoto Kana , Nakamura Shinichi , Egawa Hiroto , Hagiwara Nobuhisa , Tokushige Katsutoshi 
Published: April 2022

AimPortopulmonary hypertension (PoPH) is a rare and serious complication of liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension that can interfere with liver transplantation (LT). We evaluated the prevalence of PoPH and the clinical features of right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP), which is equivalent to pulmonary artery systolic pressure, in LT candidates.MethodsThis was a single-center retrospective study. A total of 157 Japanese patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis or portal hypertension (76 men, median age = 52 years [range: 18–68 years]) were enrolled. The relationships between RVSP and clinical parameters, and the prevalence of PoPH in LT candidates, were evaluated.ResultsThe cardiological parameters were as follows: brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), 39.1 (4.0–780.5) pg/mL; RVSP, 31.2 (16.0–122.4) mmHg; ejection fraction, 58% (28–72%); and mean peak tricuspid regurgitation velocity, 2.3 (1.5–5.3) m/s. The RVSP was significantly higher in females (p= 0.02) and primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) patients (p= 0.01), and was weakly correlated with the BNP level (r = 0.40,p= 0.01). For RVSPs of < 36 and ≥ 36 mmHg, the 5-year survival rates were 36.1%versus34.1%, and 85.4%versus85.3%, in non-LT and LT cases, respectively (p= 0.47 and 0.69, respectively). Among six patients with an RVSP ≥ 50 mmHg, three (1.9%) were diagnosed with PoPH and treated with vasodilators.ConclusionsPoPH was observed in 3 cases (1.9%) in 157 LT candidates. In patients with suspected mild pulmonary hypertension (RVSP, 36 - 50 mmHg), LT was successfully performed.
Assessment of the willingness of dentists in the state of Indiana to administer vaccines
Authors: Shukla Anubhuti , Welch Kelly , Villa Alessandro 
Published: April 2022

Background
Human Papillomavirus associated oropharyngeal cancers have been on the rise in the past three decades. Dentists are uniquely positioned to discuss vaccination programs with their patients. The goal of this project was to assess the readiness of dentists in the state of Indiana in being able to administer vaccines.

Methods
An 18-question online survey was sent to licensed dentists in the state of Indiana. Mantel-Haenszel chi-square tests, followed by multivariable analyses using ordinal logistic regression were conducted to assess providers’ comfort levels and willingness to administer vaccines in both children and adults, by provider characteristics (practice type, location, and years in practice).

Results
A total of 569 completed surveys were included for data analyses. Most dentists (58%) responded positively when asked if they would consider offering vaccinations in their office, if allowed by state legislation. In general, dentists working in academic settings and federally qualified health centers were more agreeable to offering vaccination in their practice. The level of agreement with “Dentists should be allowed to administer HPV, Influenza, Hep A and COVID 19 vaccines” for both children and adults decreased with increased years of practice. More than half of the respondents (55%) agreed that dental providers were competent to administer vaccines and needed no further training.

Conclusion
The study results suggest the willingness of dentists in the state of Indiana to offer vaccinations in their practices, if allowed by legislation.

Practical implications
Dental providers can be a unique resource to add to workforce for improving vaccination efforts.
COVID-19 vaccination acceptance among dental students and dental practitioners: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lin Galvin Sim Siang , Lee Hern Yue , Leong Jia Zheng , Sulaiman Mohammad Majduddin , Loo Wan Feun , Tan Wen Wu 
Published: April 2022

Background
Dental practitioners and dental students are classified as high-risk exposure to COVID-19 due to the nature of dental treatments, but evidence of their acceptance towards COVID-19 vaccination is still scarce. Hence, this systemic review aims to critically appraise and analyse the acceptability of COVID-19 vaccination among dental students and dental practitioners.

Materials and methods
This review was registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42021286108) based on PRISMA guidelines. Cross-sectional articles on the dental students’ and dental practitioners’ acceptance towards COVID-19 vaccine published between March 2020 to October 2021 were searched in eight online databases. The Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tool was employed to analyse the risk of bias (RoB) of each article, whereas the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine recommendation tool was used to evaluate the level of evidence. Data were analysed using the DerSimonian-Laird random effect model based on a single-arm approach.

Results
Ten studies were included of which three studies focused on dental students and seven studies focused on dental practitioners. Four studies were deemed to exhibit moderate RoB and the remaining showed low RoB. All the studies demonstrated Level 3 evidence. Single-arm meta-analysis revealed that dental practitioners had a high level of vaccination acceptance (81.1%) than dental students (60.5%). A substantial data heterogeneity was observed with the overall I2 ranging from 73.65% and 96.86%. Furthermore, subgroup analysis indicated that dental practitioners from the Middle East and high-income countries showed greater (p < 0.05) acceptance levels, while meta-regression showed that the sample size of each study had no bearing on the degree of data heterogeneity.

Conclusions
Despite the high degree of acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination among dental practitioners, dental students still demonstrated poor acceptance. These findings highlighted that evidence-based planning with effective approaches is warranted to enhance the knowledge and eradicate vaccination hesitancy, particularly among dental students.
New potential biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease: markers of endothelial dysfunction and neuroinflammation.
Authors: Minochkin A. K. , Lobzin V. Yu. , Suchentseva N. N. , Popov O. S. , Apalko S. V. , Sherbak S. G. 
Published: April 2022

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly. The aim of the work wasObjective: to determine the relationship between laboratory biomarkers in blood plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in patients with AD and indicators of neuropsychological testing.Patients and methods. 52 patients with AD were examined, in which the concentration of 90 potential biomarkers were measured in blood plasma and CSF. Neuropsychological assessment included the Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE), Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and etc.Results and discussion. Correlations of different strength between the values of biomarkers in blood plasma and CSF and the results of neuropsychological assessment were revealed. A correlation was found between the soluble cell adhesion molecule (sICAM-1) in blood plasma and the largest number of neuropsychological tests sensitive to dementia stages (MoCA, MMSE, FAB) in patients with AD at the dementia stage. A correlation was found between the concentration of growth/differentiation factor 15 and interferon γ in blood plasma and FAB scores in patients with AD. The levels of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in CSF were associated with the dementia stage in AD, and the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) levels, on the contrary, with stages preceding the development of dementia in AD.Conclusion. sICAM-1 level in blood plasma, which is a marker of endothelial dysfunction, may be an indicator of the severity of the vascular neurodegenerative process in AD at the dementia stage. G-CSF in the CSF is associated with the dementia stage in AD, and IL-1RA – with the pre-dementia stage of AD, which determines the prospect of their further study as diagnostic markers.
Effect of hypovitaminosis D on the characteristics of chronic tension-type headache in women
Authors: Koloskova A. A. , Vorobyeva O. V. 
Published: April 2022

There is a growing body of evidence linking hypovitaminosis D with the prevalence and severity of various pain conditions. The effect of vitamin D levels on chronic tension type headache (CTTH) is almost unexplored.Objective: to investigate the effect of serum vitamin D levels on the clinical characteristics of CTTH.Patients and methods. The study enrolled women with CTTH (n=161). Headache frequency (HF), headache duration (HD), headache intensity (HI), presence of chronic widespread pain (WP) and the number of its zones, severity of anxiety and depression, and sleep quality index were evaluated. The vitamin D level was assessed by the concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D].Results and discussion. Low 25(ОН)D-level was associated with an increase in HF, HD and the prevalence of WP. For each of the listed parameters, the values in vitamin D deficiency were higher than in its insufficiency or normal ranges (p<0,001). 25(OH)D-level was inversely correlated with HF (rS=-0,49), HD (rS=-0,51; p<0,05). Vitamin D-deficiency increased the risk of WP: compared to its insufficiency relative risk (RR) was 2.12 (95% CI 1.39–3.21), to the normal ranges – 3.67 (95% CI 1.71–7.88). In case of insufficiency and normal level of vitamin D, the values for the listed parameters did not differ. Other characteristics did not depend on 25(OH)D-level.Conclusion. In women with CTTH hypovitaminosis D contributes to the greater disease severity. Vitamin D deficiency, which is strongly associated with an increase in pain characteristics, has great clinical significance.