bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Population total and unbound pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of ciprofol and M4 in subjects with various renal functions
Authors: Liu Shuai‐bing , Yao Xia , Tao Jun , Yang Jian‐jun , Zhao Ying‐ying , Liu Dong‐wei , Wang Su‐yun , Sun Su‐ke , Wang Xu , Yan Pang‐ke , Wu Nan , Liu Xiao , Zhang Xiao‐jian , Tian Xin , Liu Zhang‐suo 
Published: October 2022

AimsThe aim of this study was to develop a population pharmacokinetic (PK) model to simultaneously describe both total and unbound concentrations of ciprofol and its major glucuronide metabolite, M4, and to link it to the population pharmacodynamics (PD) model in subjects with various renal functions.MethodsA total of 401 and 459 pairs of total and unbound plasma concentrations of ciprofol and M4, respectively, as well as 2190 bispectral index (BIS) data from 24 Chinese subjects with various renal functions were available. Covariates that may potentially contribute to the PK and PD variability of ciprofol were screened using a stepwise procedure. The optimal ciprofol induction dosing regimen was determined by model‐based simulations.ResultsThe PK of unbound ciprofol could best be described by a three‐compartment model, while a two‐compartment model could adequately describe unbound M4 PK. The concentrations of total and unbound ciprofol and M4 were linked using a linear protein binding model. The relationship between plasma concentrations of ciprofol and BIS data was best described by an inhibitory sigmoidal Emax model with a two‐compartment biophase distribution compartment. Hemoglobin was the identified covariate determining the central compartment clearance of ciprofol; uric acid was a covariate affecting the central compartment clearance of M4 and protein binding rate, kB. The included covariates had no effect on the PD of ciprofol. Simulation results indicated that the label‐recommended dose regimen was adequate for anaesthesia induction.ConclusionsThe developed model fully characterized the population PK and PD profiles of ciprofol. No dose adjustment is required in patients with mild and moderate renal impairment.
Identification and characterization of select oxysterols as ligands for GPR17
Authors: Harrington Anthony W. , Liu Changlu , Phillips Naomi , Nepomuceno Diane , Kuei Chester , Chang Joseph , Chen Weixuan , Sutton Steven W. , O'Malley Daniel , Pham Ly , Yao Xiang , Sun Siquan , Bonaventure Pascal 
Published: October 2022

Background and PurposeG‐protein coupled receptor 17 (GPR17) is an orphan receptor involved in the process of myelination, due to its ability to inhibit the maturation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) into myelinating oligodendrocytes. Despite multiple claims that the biological ligand has been identified, it remains an orphan receptor.Experimental ApproachSeventy‐seven oxysterols were screened in a cell‐free [35S]GTPγS binding assay using membranes from cells expressing GPR17. The positive hits were characterized using adenosine 3′,5′ cyclic monophosphate (cAMP), inositol monophosphate (IP1) and calcium mobilization assays, with results confirmed in rat primary oligodendrocytes. Rat and pig brain extracts were separated by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and endogenous activator(s) were identified in receptor activation assays. Gene expression studies of GPR17, and CYP46A1 (cytochrome P450 family 46 subfamily A member 1) enzymes responsible for the conversion of cholesterol into specific oxysterols, were performed using quantitative real‐time PCR.Key ResultsFive oxysterols were able to stimulate GPR17 activity, including the brain cholesterol, 24(S)‐hydroxycholesterol (24S‐HC). A specific brain fraction from rat and pig extracts containing 24S‐HC activates GPR17 in vitro. Expression of Gpr17 during mouse brain development correlates with the expression of Cyp46a1 and the levels of 24S‐HC itself. Other active oxysterols have low brain concentrations below effective ranges.Conclusions and ImplicationsOxysterols, including but not limited to 24S‐HC, could be physiological activators for GPR17 and thus potentially regulate OPC differentiation and myelination through activation of the receptor.
Inhibition of the spoilage yeastPichia occidentalisin a wheat germ diet for mass rearing ofDrosophila suzukii
Authors: González‐Cabrera Jaime , Sánchez‐González Jorge Antonio , Vázquez‐de‐Jesús Fidel , Mendoza‐Ceballos Mario Yamill , Muñiz‐Paredes Facundo Rafael , Arredondo‐Bernal Hugo César 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA wheat germ diet was initiated for the mass rearing ofDrosophila suzukii(Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) and subsequent production of its parasitoidTrichopria drosophilaePerkins (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae). However, the main problem of the diet was the microbial contamination affecting the batches of good pupae production. Therefore, the concentration of four antimicrobials was optimized through the Taguchi orthogonal array for the inhibition of microbial contamination, identified asPichia occidentalis(Kurtzman et al.) Kurtzman et al. The optimized Taguchi‐selected‐antimicrobials concentrations were 1.33 g l−1of potassium sorbate, 1.33 g l−1of propyl paraben, 1.33 g l−1of sodium propionate, and 0.16 g l−1of triclosan. When the antimicrobials were added to the diet, colony‐forming units ofP. occidentaliswere inhibited by two orders of magnitude. Such inhibition means that theD. suzukiifemales produced 61.1 and 79.3% more pupae and adults, respectively, than the diet with no antimicrobials. These results increase the potential of the wheat germ diet as an artificial diet for mass rearing ofD. suzukiiandT. drosophilae.
Fish assemblage shifts in an Ozark river over 80 years amidst a mosaic of forest regeneration and persistent pasture
Authors: Morrill Daniel P. , Connolly Matthew H. , Adams Ginny L. , Adams Steven Reid 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFish assemblages are useful in evaluating the health of aquatic ecosystems. Over time, fish assemblages will respond to anthropogenic disturbances but may also simultaneously respond to conservation efforts in a watershed, shifting the taxonomic and functional structure of the assemblage. We quantified temporal changes in taxonomic and functional structure of fish assemblages in the Current River, Missouri, over an 80‐year time span and related these changes to forest regeneration and persistent pasture land use within the watershed. We found shifts in taxonomic and functional assemblage structure in two time‐steps from the 1940s to 2020 related to land use within the watershed. Reforested reaches exhibited increases in benthic species, rheophilic species and invertivorous feeding guilds. Higher pasture reaches exhibited decreases in benthic species and native centrarchid species while generalist centrarchid species increased. Ultimately, fish assemblage structure in the Current River appears to be shifting to an alternative state (i.e. increased presence/abundance of benthic species) in response to forest regeneration and persistent pasture land use.
Cognition and brain iron deposition in whole grey matter regions and hippocampal subfields
Authors: Spence Holly , McNeil Chris J. , Waiter Gordon D. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRegional brain iron accumulation is observed in many neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, and is associated with cognitive decline. We explored associations between age, cognition and iron content in grey matter regions and hippocampal subfields in 380 participants of the Aberdeen children of the 1950s cohort and their first‐generation relatives (aged 26–72 years). Participants underwent cognitive assessment at the time of MRI scanning. Quantitative susceptibility mapping of these MRI data was used to assess iron content in grey matter regions and in hippocampal subfields. Principle component analysis was performed on cognitive test scores to create a general cognition score. Spline analysis was used with the Akaike information criterion to determine if order 1, 2 or 3 natural splines were optimal for assessing non‐linear relationships between regional iron and age. Multivariate linear models were used to assess associations between regional iron and cognition. Higher iron correlated with older age in the left putamen across all ages and in the right putamen of only participants over 58. Whereas a decrease in iron with older age was observed in the right thalamus and left pallidum across all ages. Right amygdala iron levels were associated with poorer general cognition scores and poorer immediate recall scores. Iron was not associated with any measures of cognitive performance in other regions of interest. Our results suggest that, whilst iron in some regions was associated with cognitive performance, there is an overall lack of association between regional iron content and cognitive ability in cognitively healthy individuals.
Visual intervention in early onset visual impairment: A review
Authors: Micheletti Serena , Merabet Lotfi B. , Galli Jessica , Fazzi Elisa 
Published: October 2022

AbstractVision is a primary and motivating sense. Early visual experience derived from the external world is known to have an important impact on the development of central visual pathways, and not surprisingly, visual impairment constitutes a risk factor for overall development. In light of the role of vision in early brain development, infants and young children with visual impairment should be thus entitled to early and effective visual intervention programmes. In this review, we discuss early visual interventions in infants and young children with visual impairment, focusing on their contents and outcomes. We defined a PICO format to critically review different models with a particular focus on parent‐mediated and therapist‐mediated approaches. We consider protocols that involved direct manipulation or improvement of the infants' visual inputs or were based on behavioural strategies and communication towards infants with visual impairment. We also provide an overview of the effectiveness of these protocols. A total of nine intervention protocols were selected for the purposes of this review. Substantial agreement regarding the importance of promoting the enrichment of infant environments, and more specifically in the context of active play that engages the whole family, has been reported in most of the studies. However, there is no clear agreement on methodological aspects, including clinical population characteristics, outcome measures, length of treatment and follow‐up programmes. Further high‐quality, carefully designed and adequately reported studies are needed in order to improve the clinical efficacy of these approaches to treating infants with visual impairment.
Prognosis for survival to discharge and racing performance in Thoroughbred foals treated for single joint septic arthritis (2009–2016)
Authors: Whisenant Katrijn D. , Ruggles Alan J. , Stefanovski Darko , Woodie J. Brett , Hopper Scott A. , Embertson Rolf M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundHaematogenous septic arthritis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in foals. Previous research has demonstrated a variable prognosis for athletic performance in foals diagnosed with septic arthritis.ObjectiveTo determine the racing prognosis for Thoroughbred foals, 6 months of age or less with single septic joint of presumed haematogenous origin without recognised systemic sepsis or other serious comorbidity compared with a group of maternal sibling controls.Study designRetrospective cohort study.MethodsData were collected from Rood and Riddle Equine Hospital in‐patient records from 2009 to 2016. Parameters evaluated included: diagnostic tests, therapeutic regimens, final diagnosis and outcome. Racing records were obtained from a public archive for cases and two maternal siblings. Univariable analyses of categorical variables were conducted.ResultsNinety‐five cases of Thoroughbred foals 6 months of age or less were included in this study. The last measured synovial cell count prior to hospital discharge or euthanasia (OR 0.5,pvalue 0.002, 95% CI: 0.3–0.8) was an indicator of poor prognosis for survival to discharge. Overall, the prognosis for survival was high (93%). Total winnings per career were the only statistically significant racing performance variable between cases and paired controls (IRR 0.7,pvalue, 0.05, 95% CI: 0.5–0.99).Main limitationsRetrospective study, evaluation of one regional population, potential for unknown prior exclusionary treatment on farm, unknown chronicity, no data on acute phase proteins and proportion of neutrophils of synovial fluid and unknown medical records of controls.ConclusionsWhile total winnings were reduced compared with maternal siblings, Thoroughbred foals with single joint septic arthritis have a favourable prognosis for both survival and starting in a race.
Congruence couple therapy for alcohol use and gambling disorders with comorbidities (part I): Outcomes from a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Lee Bonnie K. , Ofori Dei Samuel M. , Brown Matthew M. R. , Awosoga Olu A. , Shi Yanjun , Greenshaw Andrew J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA nonblinded randomized trial was conducted at two Canadian provincial outpatient addiction clinics that tested the effectiveness of a systemic congruence couple therapy (CCT) versus individual‐based treatment‐as‐usual (TAU) on nine clinical outcomes: (1) primary outcomes—alcohol use and gambling, psychiatric symptoms, and couple adjustment; (2) secondary outcomes—emotion regulation, substance use, depression, post‐traumatic stress symptoms, and life stress. Data of primary clients and partners (N = 46) were analyzed longitudinally across baseline, posttreatment (5 months), and follow‐up (8 months). Alcohol use disorder (95%) and gambling disorder (5%) were in the severe range at baseline, and co‐addiction was 27%. Psychiatric comorbidity was 100%, and 18% of couples were jointly addicted. Between‐group comparison favored CCT in primary outcomes with medium‐to‐large effect sizes (Cohen's h = 0.74–1.44). Secondary outcomes were also significantly stronger for CCT (Cohen's h = 0.27–1.53). Within‐group, for all primary outcomes, a significant proportion of symptomatic CCT clients and partners improved, converging with ANOVA results of large effect sizes (0.14–0.29). All secondary outcomes improved significantly in CCT with large effect sizes (0.14–0.50). TAU showed significant within‐group improvement in alcohol use, other substance use, and life stress with large effect sizes (0.16–0.40). Primary clients and partners made largely equivalent improvement within CCT and within TAU. Results were triangulated with clients' satisfaction ratings and counselors' reports. Overall, significant within‐group effects were detected for CCT both clinically and statistically and between‐group difference favored CCT. Future trials are required to validate these promising findings.
Associations of maternal insulin sensitivity during pregnancy with childhood central adiposity in the Genetics of Glucose regulation in Gestation and Growth (Gen3G) cohort
Authors: Ghildayal Nidhi , Allard Catherine , Blais Kasandra , Doyon Myriam , Arguin Melina , Bouchard Luigi , Perron Patrice , Hivert Marie‐France 
Published: October 2022

SummaryBackgroundChildhood obesity has been associated with prenatal exposure to maternal hyperglycaemia, but we lack understanding about maternal insulin physiologic components that contribute to this association.ObjectivesEvaluate the association between maternal insulin sensitivity during pregnancy and adiposity measures in childhood.MethodsIn 422 mother–child pairs, we tested associations between maternal insulin sensitivity measures at ~26 weeks of pregnancy and child adiposity measures, including dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry body composition and anthropometry (body mass index and waist circumference) at ~5 years. We used linear regression analyses to adjust for maternal age, ethnicity, gravidity, first‐trimester body mass index, and child sex and age at mid‐childhood.ResultsIn early pregnancy, maternal mean age was 28.6 ± 4.3 years and median body mass index was 24.1 kg/m2. Lower maternal insulin sensitivity indices were correlated with greater child adiposity based on anthropometry measures and on dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry total and trunk % fat in univariate associations (r = −0.122 to −0.159). Lower maternal insulin sensitivity was specifically associated with higher dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry trunk % fat (n = 359 for Matsuda; β = −0.034 ± 0.013; p = 0.01) after adjustment for covariates, including maternal body mass index.ConclusionsMaternal insulin sensitivity during pregnancy may contribute to increased risk for higher offspring central adiposity in middle childhood.
Effect of microstructures on dielectric breakdown strength of sintered reaction‐bonded silicon nitride ceramics
Authors: Nakashima Yuki , Zhou You , Tanabe Keisuke , Arima Souhei , Hirao Kiyoshi , Ohji Tatsuki , Murayama Norimitsu , Fukushima Manabu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSilicon nitride (Si3N4) was prepared from silicon by a sintered reaction‐bonded silicon nitride method using yttria and magnesia as sintering additives. Post‐sintering (PS) of nitrided compacts was carried out at 1850°C under a nitrogen pressure of 1 MPa. Effect of PS time on microstructure and dielectric breakdown strength (DBS) of the prepared Si3N4 ceramics was evaluated. The DBS was measured using specimens with four different thicknesses (0.30, 0.20, 0.10, and 0.05 mm) in order to examine the thickness dependence. The porosity of the sintered Si3N4 decreased by prolonging the PS time, and the full density could be achieved at the PS time of over 6 h. After full densification, rod‐like β‐Si3N4 grains grew up, and their maximum grain size increased from 45.1 to 154.7 μm by prolonging the PS time from 6 to 48 h. The DBS of the thick Si3N4 substrates (0.30 mm) showed little variation from 35.4 to 47.0 kV/mm, regardless of the PS time. On the other hand, that of the thin ones (0.05 mm) dramatically decreased from 99.5 to 9.8 kV/mm with increased the PS time from 6 to 48 h. Because the DBS sharply decreased at the thin substrate sintered for longer time in which some large‐elongated grains might span the substrate thickness‐wise throughout, it was inferred that the interface between β‐Si3N4 grains and grain boundary phase/intergranular glassy films might be a path of the dielectric breakdown.
Composition segregation and grain growth in (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3 piezoceramics prepared by two‐step cold sintering process
Authors: Jiang Jiahao , Chen Shuaimin , Zhao Chunlin , Lin Cong , Wu Xiao , Gao Min , Lin Tengfei , Fang Changqing 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCold sintering process (CSP) is a new method to prepare ceramics under quite low temperature. In this work, two‐step CSP under different pressures was employed to prepare (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3 (KNN) ceramics. The density of KNN green pellets can be raised by enhancing the pressure of second‐step CSP. Energy‐dispersive spectroscopy reveals the composition segregation of A‐site cations in large grains. The dissolution rate of K+ in an aqueous medium is faster than Na+, and high pressure can accelerate K+ dissolution, resulting in more Na+ in some grains. Besides, the diffusion rate of Na+ in grains is better than K+, which promote the grains growth. Finally, the piezoelectric property is improved even with low ceramic density due to the larger grains, which possess the higher performance composition. This result demonstrates that the pressure and inhomogeneous dissolution of alkali metal ions among CSP play an important role in grain growth and piezoelectric enhancement.
Resilience amongst Ontario registered practical nurses in long‐term care homes during COVID‐19: A grounded theory study
Authors: Connelly Denise M. , Garnett Anna , Snobelen Nancy , Guitar Nicole , Flores‐Sandoval Cecilia , Sinha Samir , Calver Jen , Pearson Diana , Smith‐Carrier Tracy 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to understand how the personal and professional resilience of Registered Practical Nurses working in long‐term care (LTC) homes in Ontario were impacted during the Coronavirus 2019 pandemic.BackgroundRegistered Practical Nurses are primary regulated healthcare providers that have worked in Ontario LTC homes during the COVID‐19 pandemic. As frontline workers, they have experienced increased stress secondary to lockdowns, changing Ministry of Health recommendations, social isolation and limited resources. LTC homes experienced almost a third of all COVID‐19‐related deaths in Ontario. Understanding registered practical nurses' (RPNs) resilience in this context is vital in developing the programs and supports necessary to help nurses become and stay resilient in LTC and across a range of settings.MethodsPurposive sampling was used to recruit 40 Registered Practical Nurses working in LTC homes across Ontario for interviews. Charmaz's Grounded theory guided in‐depth one‐on‐one interviews and analyses completed between April to September 2021.ResultsRegistered Practical Nurse participants represented 15 (37.5%) private, and 25 (62.5%) public LTC homes across Ontario Local Health Integration Networks. Findings informed two distinct perspectives on resilience, one where nurses were able to maintain resilience and another where they were not. Sustaining and fraying resilience, presented as bimodal processes, was observed in four themes: ‘Dynamic Role of the Nurse’, ‘Preserving Self’, ‘Banding Together’ and ‘Sense of Leadership Support’.ConclusionResilience was largely drawn from themselves as individuals. Resources to support self‐care and work‐life balance are needed. Additionally, workplace supports to build capacity for team‐based care practices, collegial support in problem‐solving and opportunities for ‘connecting’ with LTC nursing colleagues would be beneficial. Our findings suggest a role for professional development resources in the workplace that could help rebuild this workforce and support RPNs in providing quality care for older adults living in LTC.Patient or Public ContributionOur research team included two members of the Registered Practical Nurses Association of Ontario, and these team members contributed to the discussion and design of the study methodology, recruitment, analysis and interpretation. Further, RPNs working in long‐term care during the COVID‐19 pandemic were the participants in this study and, therefore, contributed to the data. They did not contribute to data analysis or interpretation.