Testing the robustness of emergency department process pathways using multidisciplinary team in-situ simulation
Authors: Christian Victoria , Foot Andy , Webb Steven , Oduntan Olawale , Siddhi Pooja , Mahmoud Huda 
Published: November 2022

Delivering safe and best practice is dependent on robust structural processes and optimal acquisition of skills and knowledge across disciplines [1]. An in-situ simulation-based education model was implemented to optimise the provision of best practice in emergency medicine [2].
In-situ simulation cases were developed based on critical incidents, complaints, and interesting cases. These simulations were designed to be complex cases, aimed at high-level multi-specialty working. Maintaining the real-life integrity of the simulation cases was paramount. The simulations were run in a busy Emergency Department (ED), during the working day while the normal service continued. Participants were instructed to make-up medication, collect blood products, and contact specialities in real time. Debriefing initially included identifying communication, human factor and process issues, and concluded with medical teaching on the topic covered, and included the speciality perspective on optimal medical management. Logistical support was provided by the simulation faculty. Data from feedback forms was collected.
Over 12 months, 20 simulations cases were conducted in the resuscitation area of the ED. Simulations involved multidisciplinary, multi-speciality workforce covering the management of acute bronchitis in an infant, an episode of acute psychosis, upper gastrointestinal bleed requiring major haemorrhage protocol activation, and many other emergencies covering the full spectrum of specialities. All feedback strongly agreed/agreed that the simulation exercises were beneficial and would lead to an improvement in the participants’ clinical practice. The multidisciplinary approach was key to the discovery of system weaknesses and risk-factors. These were then addressed and improvements in system learning, and processes were proven by the re-running of similar scenarios. The learning points were communicated via the hospital ED guideline application (AskEarl) and departmental communication channels. Changes have included updating standard operating procedures, guidelines, and the application of a business case for a blood fridge located in ED to reduce blood administration length of time.
These detailed simulations successfully tested the current hospital processes and resulted in significant improvements to the daily structural delivery of best practise. Additionally, the SBE model decreased clinician teaching preparation burden and increased simulation efficiency and effectiveness. After the success of this model, it is being rolled out to other specialities.
We would like to acknowledge and thank the Dinwoodie Charitable Company for their support.
1. Gressgård LJ. Knowledge management and safety compliance in a high-risk distributed organizational system. Safety and health at work. 2014;5(2):53–59.
2. Petrosoniak A, Auerbach M, Wong AH, Hicks CM. In situ simulation in emergency medicine: moving beyond the simulation lab. Emergency Medicine Australasia. 2017;29(1):83–88.