bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experiences of patients and their health care providers of canalith repositioning maneuvers for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo: a qualitative systematic review protocol
Authors: Vasanthan Lenny Thinagaran , Sriram Vimal , Chockalingam Manigandan 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT

Objective:
This review aims to synthesize the available evidence on the experiences of patients undergoing canalith repositioning maneuvers (provided both by health care providers and by themselves) and of health care providers offering canalith repositioning maneuvers in benign paroxysmal positional vertigo.

Introduction:
Despite having proven effectiveness for treating benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, the underutilization of canalith repositioning maneuvers by health care providers is a concern. Understanding the experiences of patients receiving canalith repositioning maneuvers and health care providers providing them is imperative for effective canalith repositioning maneuvers implementation.

Inclusion criteria:
This review will include qualitative studies describing the experiences of health care providers or patients in canalith repositioning maneuver treatment provided by their health care providers or by themselves as part of self-provision of canalith repositioning maneuvers for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo with or without other interventions, in any setting. The canalith repositioning maneuvers provided by non-qualified health professionals, such as student health professionals, health care assistants, or technicians, who need the supervision of qualified health professionals to practice their profession, will be excluded. Similarly, canalith repositioning maneuvers provided by non-professional caregivers, family caregivers, volunteer caregivers, or other informal caregivers will also be excluded.

Methods:
MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Elsevier), Cochrane CENTRAL, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science, and CINAHL (EBSCO) will be searched. Gray literature to be searched include OpenGrey, PsyArXiv, bioRxiv, medRxiv, and Google Scholar. Articles published in English will be considered, regardless of the publication date. Studies will be screened and critically appraised for methodological quality by two independent reviewers. A standardized tool from the JBI System for the Unified Management, Assessment and Review of Information for data extraction, the meta-aggregation approach for data synthesis, and the ConQual approach for confidence evaluation will be followed.

Systematic review registration number:
PROSPERO CRD42021292993.
A Resistive Model to Characterize Overall Effectiveness Influenced by Multiple Coolant Temperatures
Authors: Rutledge James L. , Fuqua Matthew N. , Polanka Marc D. , Baker William P. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe surface temperature of a film cooled turbine hot gas path component is typically nondimensionalized according to the overall effectiveness. This nondimensionalization scheme takes advantage of the fact that the surface temperature must be bounded by the coolant temperature and the freestream recovery temperature. Additional complexity arises when the surface temperature is influenced by the addition of a second coolant stream. While the surface temperature remains bounded by the cooler of the two coolant streams, the presence of the warmer stream means that the resulting overall effectiveness is now a function not only of the appropriately nondimensionalized coolant and freestream flowrates, but an additional nondimensional parameter that describes the relative difference in the two coolant temperatures. Previously, it was thought that experiments or computational fluid dynamics simulations would be required to discern this effect. In the present work, however, we introduce a linear resistive model that is based upon the exact solution to the energy equation and which accounts for the effect of any number of independent sources that influence the surface temperature. The model’s efficacy was demonstrated using experimental data acquired on conducting models in which two rows of holes ejected coolant from two independent plenums at two different temperatures.
The Age Composition and Postmetamorphic Growth Characteristics of the Moor Frog (Rana arvalis) from Habitats with a Short Activity Season
Authors: Lyapkov S. M. , Ibragimova D. V. , Nakonechnyi N. V. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe between-population and sexual differences in demographic and postmetamorphic growth characteristics were studied inRana arvalisfrom several habitats of Khanty-Mansiiskii Autonomous Okrug–Yugra (KhMAO) with a relatively short (about 3.5 months) activity season. Skeletochronology was used for age determination. The annual size increments and the rates of these increments were determined on the base of back-calculated body length at each age. In three of four populations, a higher average age in females but not significant sexual differences in the average body length were revealed. In both males and females of all studied KhMAO populations, the rate of the annual size increment between the 1st and 2nd wintering was maximal. The rate of the annual size increment between the 2nd and 3rd wintering was kept relatively high. In comparison withR. arvalispopulations of Bryansk, Moscow, and Kirov oblasts with a longer activity season (seven, six, and five months, respectively), frogs from KhMAO populations had a relatively small average body length at each age and low population averages of the body length. At the same time, the character of between-age dynamics in the rate of the size increments of KhMAO populations enabled us to reveal the effects of counter-gradient selection not yet mentioned in the literature. These effects represent the maintenance of a relatively high rate of annual increments up to the 5th wintering inR. arvalisfrom KhMAO populations with a short activity season.
CRISPR/Cas: History and Perspectives
Authors: Shmakova A. A. , Shmakova O. P. , Karpukhina A. A. , Vassetzky Y. S. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDiscovery of the CRISPR/Cas system revolutionized biology and biomedicine in the 21st century. Here we discuss the milestones in the development of CRISPR/Cas genome editing technology, from the history of discovery to current developments, including medical applications. Technical and ethical problems associated with the use of CRISPR/Cas for editing human embryonic genomes are also discussed.
Gender discrepancy in the predictive effect of aortic root diameter on incidence of cardiovascular events among rural Northeast Chinese
Authors: Yu Shasha , Guo Xiaofan , Li Guangxiao , Yang Hongmei , Zheng Liqiang , Sun Yingxian 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesThe possible predictive effect of echocardiographic aortic root diameter (ARD) on the incidence of cardiovascular events (CVEs) in a large, general population is limited. In addition, there is a lack of data about rural participants. We intend to figure out the possible relationship between ARD and the incidence of CVEs among the general population from rural China.DesignPopulation-based cohort study.SettingRural areas in Liaoning Province, Northeast China.ParticipantsAt baseline, 9810 participants (mean age 53±10, 49.1% male) were enrolled in the Northeast China Rural Cardiovascular Health Study between 2012 and 2017.Main outcome measuresCardiac ultrasonography, lifestyle, medical history, laboratory testing, blood pressure, weight and height. ARD measurement was conducted at the level of the sinuses of Valsalva. Furthermore, the ARD was indexed to height or body surface area.ResultsDuring a median follow-up of 4.66 years, 550 non-fatal or fatal CVEs were recorded. Adjusting for blood pressure, age, total cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, estimated glomerular filtration rate, current smoking and drinking, previous cardiovascular diseases and antihypertensive treatment; ARD/height (HR per 1-unit increase=1.781, 95% CI: 1.160 to 2.736, p=0.008) was associated with an increased risk of CVEs in men only. The combination of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and aortic dilation was an independent and powerful predictor for cardiovascular prognosis compared with aortic dilation alone in men but not in women.ConclusionsOur study enrols a large sample of rural Chinese residents, and first confirms that ARD/height has a predictive effect on the incidence of CVEs among rural Chinese residents. The combination of LVH and aortic dilation is synergistic, which increases its predictive effect on CVEs in men only, suggesting that aortic dilatation predicts cardiovascular prognosis better than LVH does in men but not in women.
Effects of adjunctive brexpiprazole on sleep-wake and circadian parameters in youth with depressive disorders: study protocol for a clinical trial
Authors: Carpenter Joanne S , Zmicerevska Natalia , Crouse Jacob J , Nichles Alissa , Garland Alexandra , Song Yun Ju Christine , Wilson Chloe , Rohleder Cathrin , McHugh Catherine , Leweke F. Markus , Koethe Dagmar , Scott Elizabeth M , Hickie Ian B 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionSleep-wake and circadian disturbance is a key feature of mood disorders with a potential causal role and particular relevance to young people. Brexpiprazole is a second-generation antipsychotic medication with demonstrated efficacy as an adjunct to antidepressant treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD) in adults, with preliminary evidence suggesting greater effectiveness in subgroups of depressed patients with sleep disturbances. This clinical trial aims to evaluate the relationships between changes in sleep-wake and circadian parameters and changes in depressive symptoms following adjunctive brexpiprazole treatment in young adults with MDD and sleep-wake disturbance.Methods and analysisThis study is designed as a 16 week (8 weeks active treatment, 8 weeks follow-up) mechanistic, open-label, single-arm, phase IV clinical trial and aims to recruit 50 young people aged 18–30 with MDD and sleep-wake cycle disturbance through an early intervention youth mental health clinic in Sydney, Australia. At baseline, participants will undergo multidimensional outcome assessment and subsequently receive 8 weeks of open-label treatment with brexpiprazole as adjunctive to their stable psychotropic medication. Following 4 weeks of treatment, clinical and self-report measures will be repeated. Ambulatory sleep-wake monitoring will be conducted continuously for the duration of treatment. After 8 weeks of treatment, all multidimensional outcome assessments will be repeated. Follow-up visits will be conducted 4 and 8 weeks after trial completion (including sleep-wake, clinical and self-report assessments). Circadian rhythm biomarkers including salivary melatonin, cortisol and core body temperature will be collected during an in-lab assessment. Additionally, metabolic, inflammatory and genetic risk markers will be collected at baseline and after 8 weeks of treatment.Ethics and disseminationThis trial protocol has been approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of the Sydney Local Health District (X19-0417 and 2019/ETH12986, Protocol Version 1–3, dated 25 February 2021). The results of this study, in deidentified form, will be disseminated through publication in peer-reviewed journals, scholarly book chapters, presentation at conferences and publication in conference proceedings.Trial registration numberACTRN12619001456145.
Effects of chess-based cognitive remediation training as therapy add-on in alcohol and tobacco use disorders: protocol of a randomised, controlled clinical fMRI trial
Authors: Gerhardt Sarah , Lex Gereon , Holzammer Jennifer , Karl Damian , Wieland Alfred , Schmitt Roland , Recuero Ainoa Jiménez , Montero Juan Antonio , Weber Tillmann , Vollstädt-Klein Sabine 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundAlcohol and tobacco use disorders (AUD, TUD) are frequent, both worldwide and in the German population, and cognitive impairments are known to facilitate instances of relapse. Cognitive training has been proposed for enhancing cognitive functioning and possibly improving treatment outcome in mental disorders. However, these effects and underlying neurobiological mechanisms are not yet fully understood regarding AUD and TUD. Examining the effect of chess-based cognitive remediation training (CB-CRT) on neurobiological, neuropsychological and psychosocial aspects as well as treatment outcomes will provide insights into mechanisms underlying relapse and abstinence and might help to improve health behaviour in affected individuals if used as therapy add-on.Methods and analysisN=96 individuals with either AUD (N=48) or TUD (N=48) between 18 and 65 years of age will participate in a randomised, controlled clinical functional MRI (fMRI) trial. Two control groups will receive treatment as usual, that is, AUD treatment in a clinic, TUD outpatient treatment. Two therapy add-on groups will receive a 6-week CB-CRT as a therapy add-on. FMRI tasks, neurocognitive tests will be administered before and afterwards. All individuals will be followed up on monthly for 3 months. Endpoints include alterations in neural activation and neuropsychological task performance, psychosocial functioning, and relapse or substance intake. Regarding fMRI analyses, a general linear model will be applied, and t-tests, full factorial models and regression analyses will be conducted on the second level. Behavioural and psychometric data will be analysed using t-tests, regression analyses, repeated measures and one-way analyses of variance.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by the ethics committee of the medical faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg (2017-647N-MA). The findings of this study will be presented at conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registrationThe study was registered in the Clinical Trials Register (trial identifier: NCT04057534 at clinicaltrials.gov).
Evaluating the effect of short-course rifapentine-based regimens with or without enhanced behaviour-targeted treatment support on adherence and completion of treatment for latent tuberculosis infection among adults in the UK (RID-TB: Treat): protocol for an open-label, multicentre, randomised controlled trial
Authors: Rangaka Molebogeng X , Hamada Yohhei , Duong Trinh , Bern Henry , Calvert Joanna , Francis Marie , Clarke Amy Louise , Ghanouni Alex , Layton Charlotte , Hack Vanessa , Owen-Powell Ellen , Surey Julian , Sanders Karen , Booth Helen L , Crook Angela , Griffiths Chris , Horne Robert , Kunst Heinke , Lipman Marc , Mandelbaum Mike , White Peter J , Zenner Dominik , Abubakar Ibrahim 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThe successful scale-up of a latent tuberculosis (TB) infection testing and treatment programme is essential to achieve TB elimination. However, poor adherence compromises its therapeutic effectiveness. Novel rifapentine-based regimens and treatment support based on behavioural science theory may improve treatment adherence and completion.Methods and analysisA pragmatic multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled trial assessing the effect of novel short-course rifapentine-based regimens for TB prevention and additional theory-based treatment support on treatment adherence against standard-of-care. Participants aged between 16 and 65 who are eligible to start TB preventive therapy will be recruited in England. 920 participants will be randomised to one of six arms with allocation ratio of 5:5:6:6:6:6: daily isoniazid +rifampicin for 3 months (3HR), routine treatment support (control); 3HR, additional treatment support; weekly isoniazid +rifapentine for 3 months (3HP), routine treatment support; weekly 3HP, additional treatment support ; daily isoniazid +rifapentine for 1 month (1HP), routine treatment support; daily 1HP, additional treatment support. Additional treatment support comprises reminders using an electronic pillbox, a short animation, and leaflets based on the perceptions and practicalities approach. The primary outcome is adequate treatment adherence, defined as taking ≥90% of allocated doses within the pre-specified treatment period, measured by electronic pillboxes. Secondary outcomes include safety and TB incidence within 12 months. We will conduct process evaluation of the trial interventions and assess intervention acceptability and fidelity and mechanisms for effect and estimate the cost-effectiveness of novel regimens. The protocol was developed with patient and public involvement, which will continue throughout the trial.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval has been obtained from The National Health Service Health Research Authority (20/LO/1097). All participants will be required to provide written informed consent. We will share the results in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberEudraCT 2020-004444-29.
SPUR: psychometric properties of a patient-reported outcome measure of medication adherence in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Wells Joshua Sterling , El Husseini Aya , Okoh Sandra , Jaffar Ali , Neely Claire , Crilly Philip , Dolgin Kevin , Kayyali Reem 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionPoor medication adherence is associated with worsening patient health outcomes and increasing healthcare costs. A holistic tool to assess both medication adherence and drivers of adherence behaviour has yet to be developed. This study aimed to examine SPUR, a multifactorial patient-reported outcome measure of medication adherence in patients living with type 2 diabetes, with a view to develop a suitable model for psychometric analysis.Furthermore, the study aimed to explore the relationship between the SPUR model and socio-clinical factors of medication adherence.Research design and methodsThe study recruited 378 adult patients living with type 2 diabetes from a mix of community and secondary-care settings to participate in this non-interventional cross-sectional study. The original SPUR-45 tool was completed by participants with other patient-reported outcome measures for comparison, in addition to the collection of two objective adherence measures; HbA1cand the medication possession ratio (MPR).ResultsFactor and reliability analysis conducted on SPUR-45 produced a revised and more concise version (27-items) of the tool, SPUR-27, which was psychometrically assessed. SPUR-27 observed strong internal consistency with significant correlations to the other psychometric measures (Beliefs about Medication Questionnaire, Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire, Medicine Adherence Rating Scale) completed by participants. Higher SPUR-27 scores were associated with lower HbA1cvalues and a higher MPR, as well as other predicted socio-clinical factors such as higher income, increased age and lower body mass index.ConclusionsSPUR-27 demonstrated strong psychometric properties. Further work should look to examine the test–retest reliability of the model as well as examine transferability to other chronic conditions and broader population samples. Overall, the initial findings suggest that SPUR-27 is a reliable model for the multifactorial assessment of medication adherence among patients living with type 2 diabetes.
Safety and efficacy of TRIANGLE operation applied in pancreatic surgery: a protocol of the systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wei Kongyuan , Klotz Rosa , Kalkum Eva , Holze Magdalena , Probst Pascal , Hackert Thilo 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundPancreatic surgery is regarded as the only curative treatment for pancreatic cancer (PC). As the neoadjuvant therapy is applied widely nowadays, the proportion of patients with PC undergoing surgery also with locally advanced tumour findings has increased accordingly. Especially in these situations, a radical resection of all tumour tissues is challenging. A novel surgical strategy has been introduced recently to achieve this aim, namely the TRIANGLE operation which comprises the radical resection of all nerve and lymphatic tissue between coeliac artery, superior mesenteric artery and mesenteric–portal axis without including extended lymphadenectomy outside this area. Due to currently published studies, Triangle Operation is a safe and feasible procedure. However, this has not been systematically analysed to date. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to evaluate surgical and postoperative outcomes of Triangle Operation in pancreatic surgery.Methods and analysisPubmed, Web of Science and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials in the Cochrane Library will be searched from inception until 31 December 2022. This study will include all articles comparing Triangle Operation versus non-Triangle Operation in pancreatic surgery to assess outcomes. The primary endpoints will be R0 resection rate and 1-year overall survival. The secondary endpoints will be delayed gastric emptying, postoperative pancreatic fistula, post pancreatectomy haemorrhages and reoperation incidence, overall complications, mortality and 3-year overall survival. The study selection, study quality assessment, data extraction and critical appraisal will be carried out by two reviewers. Inter-reviewer disagreements will be evaluated by discussion with a third reviewer. Besides, a subgroup analysis will be conducted focused on robotic surgery, laparoscopic surgery and open surgery in detail. Additionally, the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations framework will be performed to evaluate the strength of evidence.Ethics and disseminationThis systematic review and meta-analysis will not require ethical approval. Results will be published in a peer-reviewed scientific journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021234721.
Rapid systematic review on developing web-based interventions to support people affected by cancer
Authors: Cooke Samuel , Nelson David , Green Heidi , McPeake Kathie , Gussy Mark , Kane Ros 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveTo systematically identify and explore the existing evidence to inform the development of web-based interventions to support people affected by cancer (PABC).DesignA rapid review design was employed in accordance with the guidance produced by the Cochrane Rapid Reviews Methods Group and reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist. A rapid review was chosen due to the need for a timely evidence synthesis to underpin the subsequent development of a digital resource (Shared Lives: Cancer) as part of an ongoing funded project.Methods and outcomesKeyword searches were performed in MEDLINE to identify peer-reviewed literature that reported primary data on the development of web-based interventions designed to support PABC. The review included peer-reviewed studies published in English with no limits set on publication date or geography. Key outcomes included any primary data that reported on the design, usability, feasibility, acceptability, functionality and user experience of web-based resource development.ResultsTen studies were identified that met the pre-specified eligibility criteria. All studies employed an iterative, co-design approach underpinned by either quantitative, qualitative or mixed methods. The findings were grouped into the following overarching themes: (1) exploring current evidence, guidelines and theory, (2) identifying user needs and preferences and (3) evaluating the usability, feasibility and acceptability of resources. Resources should be informed by the experiences of a wide range of end-users taking into consideration current guidelines and theory early in the design process. Resource design and content should be developed around the user’s needs and preferences and evaluated through usability, feasibility or acceptability testing using quantitative, qualitative or mixed methods.ConclusionThe findings of this rapid review provide novel methodological insights into the approaches used to design web-based interventions to support PABC. Our findings have the potential to inform and guide researchers when considering the development of future digital health resources.Trial registration numberThe review protocol was registered on the Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/ucvsz).