bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi‐template temporal information fusion for Siamese object tracking
Authors: Lu Xiaofeng , Wang Zhengyang , Wang Xuan , Hei Xinhong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe object tracking algorithm based on Siamese network often extracts the deep feature of the target to be tracked from the first frame of the video sequence as a template, and uses the template for the whole tracking process. Because the manually annotated target in the first frame of video sequence is more accurate, these algorithms often have stable performance. However, it is difficult to adapt to the changing target features only using the target template extracted from the first frame. Inspired by the feature fusion network based on a transformer, this paper proposes a template update module called multi‐template temporary information fusion module (MTFM), which can be trained offline. By fusing multiple target template features on time series, the template can always adapt to the changes of target appearance in the tracking process. In order to train the MTFM, this paper proposes a training method using time series data and Mean Square Error (MSE) as the loss function. This paper uses the MTFM on SiamFC++ tracker, and obtains good experimental results in three challenging datasets, including VOT2016, OTB100 and GOT‐10k. The running speed of the algorithm on graphics processing unit (GPU) is maintained at about 200fps, which exhibits good real‐time performance.
Kardiale autonome diabetische Neuropathie
Authors: Stirban Ovidiu Alin 
Published: August 2022

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie kardiale autonome diabetische Neuropathie (KADN) geht mit einer erhöhten Mortalität und Morbidität einher. Sie kommt auch in frühen Phasen der Entwicklung eines Diabetes mellitus vor. Die KADN ist unterdiagnostiziert, unter anderem weil die Screening-Tests zeitaufwändig und kostspielig sind, aber auch weil unsere Wahrnehmung hinsichtlich der Bedeutung der KADN unzureichend ausgeprägt ist. Dieser Artikel beschäftigt sich mit der Epidemiologie, der prognostischen Relevanz, Diagnostik, sowie Therapie der KADN.
Herzinsuffizienz bei Menschen mit Diabetes mellitus
Authors: Schütt Katharina 
Published: August 2022

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie Herzinsuffizienz stellt eine wichtige Komorbidität bei Patienten mit Diabetes mellitus dar. Das Vorliegen beider Erkrankungen verschlechtert die Prognose der Patienten maßgeblich. Daher ist eine frühzeitige Diagnose und effiziente Therapie beider Erkrankungen immens wichtig. Die vorliegende Arbeit gibt einen Überblick über die Diagnose und Therapie der Herzinsuffizienz und erläutertet die Besonderheiten, auf die bei Patienten mit Diabetes mellitus geachtet werden sollte.
Diabetes, kardiovaskuläres Risiko und koronare Herzkrankheit
Authors: Macieira Sofia , Tonchevska Elena , Schnell Oliver 
Published: August 2022

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDiabetes mellitus und die koronare Herzkrankheit (KHK) sind assoziierte Erkrankungen, die sich gegenseitig verstärken. Charakteristisch ist, dass sich eine KHK bei Menschen mit Diabetes auf Basis instabiler atherosklerotischer Plaques entwickelt, die in den Koronararterien zu Erosion und Ruptur neigen. Aufgrund dieser Vernetzung und des hohen kardiovaskulären Risikos bei Diabetes, wird in gemeinsamen Empfehlungen der Europäischen Gesellschaft für Kardiologie (ESC) und der Europäischen Diabetesgesellschaft (EASD) auf die Notwendigkeit hingewiesen, bei Menschen mit Diabetes frühzeitig eine Risikostratifizierung durchzuführen mit dem Ziel, individualisierte therapeutische Strategien zu implementieren. Einerseits wird ein frühzeitiges Screening nach Typ-2-Diabetes und eine Indexierung bei moderatem, hohem oder sehr hohem kardiovaskulärem Risiko angeraten, andererseits wird eine medikamentöse Behandlung von Menschen mit Diabetes und KHK oder erhöhtem kardiovaskulärem Risiko z. B. mit SGLT2-Inhibitoren (SGLT2i) und GLP-1-Rezeptoragonisten (GLP-1 RA) empfohlen.
Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Directing-Group-Assisted C4-H Carbon–Carbon Bond Formation of Indole
Authors: Punniyamurthy Tharmalingam , Basak Shubhajit , Paul Tripti , Maharana Prabhat Kumar , Debnath Bijoy 
Published: August 2022

AbstractC4-Functionalized indole scaffolds are ubiquitous in natural products, bioactive compounds, and pharmaceuticals. Much effort has thus been made to develop effective synthetic strategies for C4 functionalization of the indole core. Among them, chelation-assisted synthetic approaches using transition-metal catalysis for the C4-selective C–H functionalization of indole is attractive. This account highlights progress made in C4-carbon–carbon bond formation of indole using directing-group-assisted transition-metal-catalyzed C–H functionalization (up to May 2022). These studies have been performed using Ru, Rh, Pd and Ir-based catalytic systems, while attention has been focused on the use of first-row abundant catalytic systems.1	Introduction2	Alkylation3	Acylation4	Alkenylation5	Alkynylation6	Allylation7	Annulation8	Arylation9	Conclusion and Outlook
How does the Belt and Road policy affect the level of green development? A quasi-natural experimental study considering the CO2 emission intensity of construction enterprises
Authors: Li Xingwei , Huang Yicheng , Li Xiangxue , Liu Xiang , Li Jingru , He Jinrong , Dai Jiachi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe ‘Belt and Road’ (B&R) Initiative has received attention from environmental researchers. However, there are no studies explaining the impact of the B&R policy on the green development (GD) of construction enterprises. We aim to find a mechanism for how the B&R policy impacts the GD level of construction enterprises. Consequently, on the basis of a fixed effects model, we consider the B&R policy and the background of GD in the construction industry and construct a model of the GD level of construction enterprises. Meanwhile, we use panel data for 28 provincial administrative regions of the Chinese government from 2010 to 2020 and analyse the implications of the B&R policy on the GD level of construction enterprises using Stata 16.0. The main conclusions are as follows. (1) A positive promotion effect is evident in the planned focus areas of the B&R policy on construction enterprises’ GD levels. (2) Research and development (R&D), regional development, education, labour productivity and investment in sewage treatment significantly affect the intensity of CO2 emissions of regional construction enterprises, thus increasing and hindering the GD of construction enterprises. Taking the findings of this study into account, this study contributes to the econometrics of construction enterprises in the area of sustainable development. Additionally, it provides policy ideas for the government to further build a green B&R.
Singly split single ring resonator: Fitting of lumped-element circuit model parameters and some aspects of resonator analysis and design
Authors: Hałgas Stanisław 
Published: August 2022

In this article, a method is proposed to accurately estimate the fundamental resonance frequency of a singly split single resonator based on an equivalent circuit model. A database of several hundred resonators with resonance frequencies from 300 GHz to 1 THz was considered, and their fundamental resonance frequencies were determined using COMSOL software. Dependencies known from the literature that define the parameters of a circuit model of this resonator have been verified, and it has been shown that for planar resonators considered in this paper, these dependencies may lead to large errors. Different relationships defining resonator inductance and gap and surface capacitances were compared. It is shown that the use of Palmer’s formula is necessary for the correct determination of the gap capacitance. A formula for determining the surface capacitance is proposed. It has been optimized by introducing one parameter. As a result, an equation allowing for the precise determination of the resonance frequency of planar resonators was obtained. Next, statistical tests were performed and statistical measures were determined to describe the study sample. For the planar resistors in the considered dataset, the maximum relative percentage error in determining the resonant frequency was 4.25%, and the mean and median errors were about 1%. For the planar resonators not included in the dataset with a fundamental resonant frequency in the 1 GHz–5 THz range, a maximum error of 3.82% and a median error of less than 1.5% were obtained. In addition, the differential sensitivity was found to identify the local effect of changing resonator dimensions on the resonant frequency. A numerical method was also developed to size the resonator to the required resonant frequency.
Lowering the sintering temperature of calcium manganate for thermoelectric applications
Authors: Bresch Sophie , Mieller Björn , Moos Ralf , Rabe Torsten 
Published: August 2022

This study combines three different approaches to lower the sintering temperature of Sm-doped CaMnO3 to save energy in production and facilitate co-firing with other low-firing oxides or metallization. The surface energy of the powder was increased by fine milling, sintering kinetics were enhanced by additives, and uniaxial pressure during sintering was applied. The shrinkage, density, microstructure, and thermoelectric properties were evaluated. Compared to micro-sized powder, the use of finely ground powder allows us to lower the sintering temperature by 150  K without reduction of the power factor. By screening the effect of various common additives on linear shrinkage of CaMnO3 after sintering at 1100°C for 2  h, CuO is identified as the most effective additive. Densification at sintering temperatures below 1000°C can be significantly increased by pressure-assisted sintering. The power factor at room temperature of CaMnO3 nano-powder sintered at 1250°C was 445  μW/(m K2). Sintering at 1100°C reduced the power factor to 130  μW/(m K2) for CaMnO3 nano-powder, while addition of 4  wt. % CuO to the same powder led to ∼290  μW/(m K2). The combination of fine milling, CuO addition, and pressure-assisted sintering at 950°C resulted in a power factor of ∼130  μW/(m K2). These results show that nano-sized powder and CuO addition are successful and recommendable strategies to produce CaMnO3 with competitive properties at significantly reduced temperatures and dwell times.
Faraday-effect polarimetry for current profile measurement in the tokamak plasma edge
Authors: Chen J. , Brower D. L. , Benedett T. 
Published: August 2022

Toroidal current profile measurements in the tokamak plasma edge are critical for fusion plasma physics research and model validation. A three-wave Faraday-effect polarimeter-interferometer with a sub-centimeter spatial resolution is proposed on the DIII-D tokamak to determine the edge current profile via Abel inversion. By using probe beams with 316 µm wavelength, a low-field-side, vertical-view, single-pass optical layout covering the plasma edge region (R = 2.15–2.27 m) is assessed. Measurements with no greater than 0.1° polarimetric systematic uncertainty, no greater than 0.01° polarimetric root-mean-square noise (1 kHz bandwidth), and a 0.8 cm radial chord spacing are considered feasible based on the achieved performance of existing systems using similar wavelengths on fusion devices. Synthetic diagnostic calculations taking various factors into account, such as diagnostic uncertainty and quality of magnetic flux surfaces, find that the edge current profile can be determined with up to 0.12 MA/m2 uncertainty, or about 10% of the peak current density in the pedestal of an investigated high-confinement plasma.
One-step synthesis of C quantum dots/C doped g-C3N4 photocatalysts for visible-light-driven H2 production from water splitting
Authors: Cao Jian , Jin Xiaoli , Ma Zhaoyu , Wang Huiqing , Xu Yixue , Guo Yuwei , Xie Haiquan , Zhang Junying 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is gaining more and more attentions as a promising metal-free photocatalyst for H2 production. Nevertheless, from the perspective of practical applications, the photocatalytic performance over g-C3N4 in visible-light region needs a further improvement. In this work, C doping and C quantum dots (QDs) are co-integrated in g-C3N4 by a one-step thermal polymerization method to obtain an advanced C QDs/C doped g-C3N4 photocatalyst. The synergistic effects of C doping and C QDs modification promote the photocatalytic activity of g-C3N4 significantly. The optimal C QDs/C doped g-C3N4 exhibits a significant improvement on visible-light-driven photocatalytic hydrogen production (205 μmol g−1 h−1) with an apparent quantum yield (AQE) at 420 nm reaching 1.24%, which is approximately nine-fold enhancement than that of pristine g-C3N4. The increased photocatalytic activity mainly benefits from the enhanced visible light absorption and carrier separation efficiency. This study may open a new perspective for the design and fabrication of C-modified g-C3N4 for photocatalytic hydrogen production.
Enhanced shift current bulk photovoltaic effect in ferroelectric Rashba semiconductor α-GeTe: ab initio study from three- to two-dimensional van der Waals layered structures
Authors: Tiwari Rajender Prasad 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The ferroelectric Rashba semiconductors (FERSCs) are endowed with a unique combination of ferroelectricity and the spin degree of freedom, resulting in a long carrier lifetime and impressive bulk photovoltaic (BPV) efficiency that reached 25% in organometal halide perovskites. The BPV efficiency can be further improved by using low-dimensional ferroelectrics however, it is inhibited by the ferroelectric instability in low-dimensional perovskites and toxicity along with phase instability of the lead-halide perovskites. To address these challenges, the α-GeTe could be of great importance which is the simplest known lead-free FERSC with an intrinsic layered structure. Therefore, in this work, we investigate the BPV properties of three- to two-dimensional van der Waals structures of α-GeTe by calculating the shift current (SHC). We predict that the mono (1.56 Å) and bi-layers (5.44–6.14 Å) α-GeTe with the buckled honeycomb structure are dynamically stable and possess the characteristic features of the bulk up to the nanoscale limit. The SHC of ∼70 μA V−2 is calculated in bulk α-GeTe which is 20 times larger than that obtained in organometal halides in the visible light. The SHC increases with decreasing the number of layers, reaching a maximum amplitude of ∼300 μA V−2 at 2.67 eV in the monolayer which is more than double that obtained in monolayer GeS. We find that the SHC in monolayer α-GeTe can be further enhanced and redshifted by applying a compressive strain; which is correlated with the strong absorption of the xx-polarized light, stimulated by the more delocalized p
x

/y
orbital character of the density of states. Furthermore, in the bilayer structures, the magnitude of the SHC is sensitive to the layers’ stacking arrangement and a maximum SHC (∼250 μA V−2) can be achieved with an AB-type stacking arrangement. Combining these results with the benefits of being environmental-friendly material makes α-GeTe a good candidate for next-generation solar cells application.
Electrochemical epitaxial PbTe nanowires photodetector for NIR response
Authors: Guo Zhongmin , Zhang Zhisheng , Yan Ruiyang , Feng Shuanglong 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Lead telluride nanowires deposited by electrochemical atomic layers have broad application prospects in the field of photodetectors. In this work, using the method of electrochemical atomic layer deposition, we obtained different morphologies of lead telluride materials by controlling the deposition parameters, such as deposition time, temperature, and potential, and characterized them using SEM, TEM, XPS, and other techniques. A lead telluride nanowire detector with good performance was prepared. The photoresponsivity of the detector is 102 mA W−1, the detectivity is 2.1 × 108 Jones, and the response time and recovery time are 0.52 s and 0.54 s respectively at 2.7 μm wavelength laser irradiation.
SPECT imaging of 226Ac as a theranostic isotope for 225Ac radiopharmaceutical development
Authors: Koniar Helena , Rodríguez-Rodríguez Cristina , Radchenko Valery , Yang Hua , Kunz Peter , Rahmim Arman , Uribe Carlos , Schaffer Paul 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objective. The development of alpha-emitting radiopharmaceuticals using 225Ac (t
½ = 9.92 d) benefits from the quantitative determination of its biodistribution and is not always easy to directly measure. An element-equivalent matched-pair would allow for more accurate biodistribution and dosimetry estimates. 226Ac (t
½ = 29.4 h) is a candidate isotope for in vivo imaging of preclinical 225Ac radiopharmaceuticals, given its 158 keV and 230 keV gamma emissions making it suitable for quantitative SPECT imaging. This work aimed to conduct a performance assessment for 226Ac imaging and presents the first-ever 226Ac SPECT images. Approach. To establish imaging performance with regards to contrast and noise, image quality phantoms were scanned using a microSPECT/CT system. To assess the resolution, a hot rod phantom with cylindrical rods with diameters between 0.85 and 1.70 mm was additionally imaged. Two collimators were evaluated: a high-energy ultra-high resolution (HEUHR) collimator and an extra ultra-high sensitivity (UHS) collimator. Images were reconstructed from two distinct photopeaks at 158 keV and 230 keV. Main results. The HEUHR SPECT image measurements of high activity concentration regions were consistent with values determined independently via gamma spectroscopy, within 9% error. The lower energy 158 keV photopeak images demonstrated slightly better contrast recovery. In the resolution phantom, the UHS collimator only resolved rods ≥1.30 mm and ≥1.50 mm for the 158 keV and 230 keV photopeaks, respectively, while the HEUHR collimator clearly resolved all rods, with resolution <0.85 mm. Significance. Overall, the feasibility of preclinical imaging with 226Ac was demonstrated with quantitative SPECT imaging achieved for both its 158 keV and 230 keV photopeaks. The HEUHR collimator is recommended for imaging 226Ac activity distributions in small animals due to its resolution <0.85 mm. Future work will explore the feasibility of using 226Ac both as an element-equivalent isotope for 225Ac radiopharmaceuticals, or as a standalone therapeutic isotope.
Absolute keV x-ray yield and conversion efficiency in over dense Si sub-petawatt laser plasma
Authors: Ryazantsev Sergey N , Martynenko Artem S , Sedov Maksim V , Skobelev Igor Yu , Mishchenko Mikhail D , Lavrinenko Yaroslav S , Baird Christopher D , Booth Nicola , Durey Phil , Döhl Leonard N K , Farley Damon , Lancaster Kathryn L , McKenna Paul , Murphy Christopher D , Pikuz Tatiana A , Spindloe Christopher , Woolsey Nigel , Pikuz Sergey A 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Laser-produced plasmas are bright, short sources of x-rays commonly used for time-resolved imaging and spectroscopy. Their usage implies accurate knowledge of laser-to-x-ray conversion efficiency (CE), spectrum, photon yield and angular distribution. Here, we report on soft x-ray emission in the direction close to the target normal from a thin Si foil irradiated by a sub-PW picosecond laser pulse. These absolute measurements cover a continuous and broad spectral range that extends from 4.75 to 7.3 Å (1.7–2.6 keV). The x-ray spectrum consists of spectral line transitions from highly charged ions and broadband emission with contributions from recombination and free-free processes that occur when electrons decelerate in plasma electromagnetic fields. Angular distribution of the emission was investigated via particle-in-cell simulations, which allowed to estimate the yield into the full solid angle. We find that experimental and simulation estimations of laser to free-free emission CE are in good agreement.
Efficient vibrational excitation of molecular nitrogen in low-pressure plasma with ultralow electron temperature
Authors: Yamazaki Masahiro , Sasaki Koichi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We investigated the vibrational temperature of molecular nitrogen in the downstream of helicon-wave excited helium and argon-based plasmas. It was confirmed by optical emission spectroscopy that the major part of the helium plasma was at a recombining state and it had an ultralow electron temperature of approximately 0.1 eV. In spite of the ultralow electron temperature, the vibrational temperature of molecular nitrogen, which was added into the helium plasma, was higher than that in the argon-based plasma at an ionizing state with an electron temperature of 1.7 eV. According to the relationship between the rate coefficient of electron impact vibrational excitation and the electron temperature, the higher vibrational temperature in the helium plasma is not attributable to the more efficient vibrational excitation. Therefore, the higher vibrational temperature is owing to the less efficient destruction of vibrational excited states in the helium plasma with the ultralow electron temperature.
Interaction between microwave and dielectric surface discharge in vacuum and low-pressure gas
Authors: Zhao Pengcheng , Wang Rui , Guo Lixin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The interaction between high-power microwave and dielectric surface discharge in vacuum and low-pressure gas is investigated by using an electromagnetic particle-in-cell–Monte Carlo collision model. Maxwell equations are solved by the finite-difference time-domain method combined with the boundary condition between the total and scattered field. The simulation results show that the transmission power loss is small and mainly attributed to the absorption of surface discharge, when the secondary electron multipactor reaches a steady state in vacuum. The simulated value of transmission power loss in vacuum is in good agreement with the experimental data. At a low pressure, the multipactor is the main source of electrons in the initial stage of discharge. After the multipactor reaches a steady state, the ionization leads to a significant increase in the number density of plasma near the dielectric surface. The absorbed power of plasma is greater than the reflected power in the initial stage of discharge, but with the increase of time, the latter becomes larger and even close to the power of incident wave. As the pressure increases, the transmission power decays faster due to the increase of ionization rate. When the microwave field near the dielectric surface decays significantly at a low pressure, the steady state of multipactor disappears, and the peak of plasma number density is near the surface, but not closest to the surface.