bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Smallholder planning for Bali cattle fattening in Barru Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Indrawirawan  , Suwignyo B , Kusumastuti T A 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study aims to analyse enterprise budgeting and the factors that affect the smallholder Bali cattle fattening income in Barru Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The total respondents were 46 farmers include 11 farmers at Bali cattle fattening enterprise six-month period and 35 farmers at fattening enterprise nine-month period. Respondents were selected using a purposive method. The data of the research was collected using interviews with questionnaires. Analysis of economic potential as follows net income and return to labour and management used enterprise budgeting analysis. The factors that affect the income of farmers using multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that the 6- and 9-month fattening period of the smallholder Bali cattle fattening have net income of IDR 23,122,086 / farmer/period and IDR 11,926,657/farmer/period. In addition, it provides returns to labour and management of IDR 27,428,173/farmer/period and IDR 15,111,982/farmer/period. The number of feeder cattle and non-formal education dummy partially and significantly influence (P<0.01) income smallholders. Smallholder Bali cattle fattening enterprise is a potential business alternative to generate income for rural communities.
Effect of pendimethalin and sulfentrazone on characteristics of weeds in soybean cultivation
Authors: Hasanuddin Hasanuddin , Hafsah S , Halimursyadah  , Nurhayati  , Setiawan A , Aryani D S 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Tank-mixing herbicides can increase the efficiency of weed control on soybean cultivation. The purpose of this study was to acquire the proper dose of pendimethalin and sulfentrazone both alone and in mixture to control weeds on soybean farming. It was conducted from July to September 2019 at Experimental Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Syiah Kuala, employing non-Factorial Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) comprising different doses of herbicides: control, pendimethalin 1500 g a.i/ha, sulfentrazone 1500 g a.i/ha, pendimethalin 750 g a.i/ha + sulfentrazone 750 g a.i/ha, pendimethalin 1000 g a.i/ha + sulfentrazone 1000 g a.i/ha, pendimethalin 500 g a.i/ha + sulfentrazone 1000 g a.i/ha, pendimethalin 1000 g a.i/ha + sulfentrazone 500 g a.i/ha and pendimethalin 500 g a.i/ha + sulfentrazone 500 g a.i/ha. The variables observed were weed control percentage, weed species, number of weeds, and weed dry weight. The results showed that the application of pendimethalin 500 g a.i/ha together with sulfentrazone 500 g a.i/ha has increased weed control percentage and decrease weed species, number of weeds and weed dry weight.
Exploration of Aceh traditional food: Chemical quality characterization of asam sunti in Banda Aceh
Authors: Nilda C , Muzaifa M , Hasbi I Y , Hasni D , Rahmi F 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
As a result of its diverse culture and nature, Indonesia is rich in traditional cuisine. In Aceh province, located in the western part of Indonesia, there is a special condiment known as asam sunti, made of fermented bilimbi (Averrhoa bilimbi L.). Asam sunti is used as a spice to give a sour taste and specific aroma in Acehnese cuisine. Although asam sunti is widely used by the people in Aceh, but until now there is no standard quality that shows the quality of asam sunti. The quality of a sam sunti products that existing on the market is very diverse, especially in colour and texture. This study aims to analyse the chemical quality of asam sunti obtained from several markets in the city of Banda Aceh. Samples were obtained from 5 markets, namely Gampong Baroe, Peunayong, Seutui, Ulee Kareng and Gampong Peuniti Market. Chemical parameters analysed were moisture content, ash content, salt content and titrated acid content. The result shows that asam sunti in Banda Aceh city market has diverse chemical characteristic with moisture content range 21.38%-33.8% with average 29.48%, ash content 0.13%-0.45% with average 0.27%, salt content 6.11%-18.34% with average 8.15% and titrated acid content 7.5%-14.5% with average 11%. This chemical data needs to be correlated in further research with the level of consumer preference through descriptive and hedonic sensory tests so that later a complete asam sunti quality character can be obtained and can be made into a standard that is practically and scientifically acceptable.
Growth and yields of two varieties of maize (Zea mays L.) intercropped with peanut (Arachys hypogaea L.) applied by bokashi plus fertilizer between the rows of teak trees based agroforestry system
Authors: Karimuna L , Halim  , Ansi A , Marfi W E , Wijayanto T , Hasanuddin L 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Nutrient shortages are the main problems faced by farmers, so as to improve soil fertility using organic fertilizer is compulsory. The main objective was to analyze the effects of bokashi plus fertilizer on the growth and yields of two varieties of maize intercropped with peanut under three years old teak trees in agroforestry system. The research was arranged in randomized completely block design in factorial pattern with two factors, maize variety: local maize and hybrid corn bisi-2; and bokashi plus fertilizer doses: 0, 3, 6 and 9 t ha-1. Maize growth recorded were plant height, leaf number, stem diameter and leaf area at 2, 4, 6 and 8 WAP and maize yields recorded were cob weight with cornhusk, cob weight without cornhusk, cob length, diameter, row number, 100 seeds dry weight, biomass dry weight, yield and LER. The results showed that interaction between maize variety and bokashi plus fertilizer had significant effect on the growth and yield of maize intercropped with peanut under three years of teak trees in agroforestry system. The best effects of maize growth and yield were obtained at 9 t ha-1 with highest yield of local maize and hybrid maize of 4,69 and 5,79 t ha-1.
Nutrient consumption and digestibility in Garut sheep fed with elephant grass and pollard bran
Authors: Ningrum T W , Hanim C , Yusiati L M , Kustantinah  , Widyobroto B P 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This study aimed to compare the nutrients consumption and digestibility between Garut rams and ewes fed with forage (elephant grass) and concentrate (pollard bran) with a ratio of 60:40 (based on the dry matter). The livestock used were 6 Garut rams and 6 Garut ewes. They were placed in metabolic cages and equipped with feces containers. This research was conducted 14 days for the adaptation period and 5 days for the collection period. During the collection period, feed, feed residue, and feces collection were carried out for analysis. The analysis consisted of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), crude fiber (CF), nitrogen-free extract (NFE), and total digestible nutrients (TDN). The data obtained were used to calculate nutrient consumption and digestibility. Based on the research, it was known that average consumption and digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), crude lipid (CL), crude fiber (CF), nitrogen-free extract (NFE), and total digestible nutrients (TDN) of Garut rams and ewes were not significantly different (P>0.05). All nutrients consumed by rams were higher than ewes, but the nutrients digestibility value in rams was lower than ewes.
Yield components of the M7 Kipas Putih mutant soybean
Authors: Zuyasna  , Hayati E , Ghufrani Y , Marliah A , Basyah B , Nura  
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This study aimed to obtain the homogeny of M8 soybean lines in an effort to release new high yielding varieties. The research was conducted in Lamsidaya village, and the observation of yield components was carried out at the Plant Breeding Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Syiah Kuala. This study did not use an experimental design, so that the quantitative characters were observed individually from each plant, then analyzed by estimating the heritability broad sense value and the progress of selection. The material used were var. Kipas Putih and var. Dega1 as control, eight of 7th generation Kipas Putih mutant lines (B4, B7, B10, B12, B13, B15, B18 and B22). All genotypes were planted in rectangular plot 10 m x 1 m, drainage 50 cm, and planting distance 50 cm x 30 cm. Plants were maintained in accordance with the recommendation for soybean cultivation from Balitkabi, and fertilizer NPK (16:16:16) was given 200 g/plot (200 kgha-1). Parameters observed included plant height, flowering time, harvest time, number of productive branches, total number of pods per plant, number of filled pods per plant, percentage of filled pods per plant, seed weight per plant, weight of 100 seeds, seed weight per plot, and yield potential. All quantitative characters indicated increase on selection except for the character of plant height, percentage of filled pods and weight of 100 seeds because the heritability value was low. The B18 line has the potential to become a new high yielding variety because it has a high yield potential (3.02 tons ha-1) with a large seed size compared to the other seven mutant lines and is also higher than the parent Kipas Putih and var Dega 1 varieties.
Fig trees (Ficus spp.) and their pollinating wasps in Universitas Syiah Kuala Campus, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
Authors: Jauharlina J , Anhar A , Minarti M 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Fig trees (Ficus spp.) and their pollinating wasps (Hymenoptera; Agaonindae) are a unique system to study mutualism. Female fig wasps deposit eggs and develop their progeny in galled female flowers inside the figs, while fig wasps pollinate females flower inside the same figs. A study investigating fig tree species composition and pollinating wasps was conducted at Universitas Syiah Kuala campus, Banda Aceh. We recorded all fig tree species found in the area from Dec 2020 until June 2021. Ten semi-ripe fig fruits on each fig tree were sampled and brought to the laboratory to examine the wasps inside. We recorded 112 individuals fig trees that belonged to 11 species; most of them were monoecious species. The most abundant species was Ficus altissima, followed by F. Benjamina, and F. macrocarpa, while the least was F.racemosa and F. carica. A number of 20.7± 6.5 (Mean ± SE) female pollinator Eupristina koningsbergeri was counted in a single fig of F. benjamina compared to 350.4±45.4 (Mean ± SE) Ceratosolen fusciceps female wasps in fig of F.racemosa. This study has provided an example of obligate mutualism between different species in the local area, which has been observed since a long time ago.
Improving of true shallot seeds germination by the application of plant growth regulators and osmoconditioning treatment
Authors: Tanjung K A , Siregar L A M , Damanik R I M 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This study aims to determine the effect of the application of plant growth regulators and osmoconditioning treatment to improve the germination of true shallot seeds. This research was conducted in Asam Kumbang, Medan Selayang, Medan, Indonesia. The research method was a Randomize Block Design with 2 factors, the first factor is Plant Growth Regulators (Z) with 6 levels, namely Z0 (Without PGRs Application), Z1 (Gibberellin 500 ppm), Z2 (Putrescine 15 ppm), Z3 (Putrescine 20 ppm), Z4 (Putrescine 15 ppm + Gibberellin 500 ppm), Z5 (Putrescine 20 ppm + Gibberellin 500 ppm). The second factor was the osmoconditioning treatment with Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 (O) with 4 levels, namely O0 (Without Osmoconditioning Treatment), O1 (PEG 6000 3%), O2 (PEG 6000 4%), O3 (PEG 6000 5%). Parameters observed were germination rate, germination rate index, percentage of germination, germination ability, simultaneous growth of seeds, seedling length, root length, seedling dry weight, and catalase activity test. The results of this study were: application of plant growth regulators could improve true shallot seed germination, indicated by the observed values of all parameters which were significantly different from those of the control (without PGRs application). The plant growth regulator that produced the best increase in germination was Gibberellins 500 ppm, although the difference in effect with other PGRs was not significantly different. Meanwhile, the osmoconditioning treatment with PEG 6000 was also able to improve the germination of true shallot seeds as indicated by an increase in most of the observed parameters, but in the root length parameter it was seen that the tendency of PEG 6000 3% always gave the highest value but gave the lowest value for this parameter. The best concentration of PEG 6000 in the osmoconditioning treatment to improve true shallot seed germination was 3%.
Callus induction of mountain papaya endosperm (Vasconcellea pubescens A. DC) with different combination of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and Kinetin
Authors: Zuhro R K , Dewanto H A , Suyadi A , Pribadi T , Hadjoeningtijas O D , Santosa A P 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Endosperm as a result of double fertilization in Angiospermae shows high level chromosomes and polyploidy. It is also considered as dead tissue that unable to be generated to form plantlet. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of kinetin and 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in induction of callus formation of mountain papaya. This research used A factorial randomized block design with 18 groups, 1 fruit was used for 1 experimental group. Culture using Murashige and Skog (MS) media with combination of three level of kinetin (0, 2, 4 mgL-1) and six level of 2,4-D (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 mgL-1). Maximum endosperm callus induction (0.88%) was achieved from endosperm explant cultured on MS medium fortified with 2.0 mgL-1 Kinetin and 4.0 mgL-1 2,4-D. The fastest day induction (24,66 day) was observed with 5.0 mg L-1 2,4-D. The maximum number of browning (0,10) was induced by 2.0 mgL-1 Kinetin and 5.0 mgL-1 2,4-D. Combination Kinetin and 2,4-D proved could induces callus formation from mountain papaya endosperm.
Characteristics of avocado (Persea americana) and kluwih (Artocarpus camansi) seeds starch with different extraction methods
Authors: Indarti E , Nurlaila  , Muzaifa M , Noviasari S , Rozali Z F , Yusup E M 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Seed from avocado (Persea Americana) and kluwih (Artocarpus camansi) fruit are waste and by product from processing fruit. Due to the high starch content from both seeds, there are many extractions process have been applied. The immersed raw material in sodium metabisulfite solution affected to starch properties. The purpose of this study is to characterize of starch extracted with and without immersed in sodium metabisulfite solution. The results showed that the starch yield by immersed in alkaline solution was 21.6% for avocado seed starch and 24.4% for kluwih seed starch, while yield without immersed in sodium metabisulfite solution was 17.5% and 18,2% for avocado seed starch and kluwih seed starch, respectively. The starch content with sodium metabisulfite immersion process of avocado seed and kuwih seed were 79.26% and 72.62%, respectively. Meanwhile without the immersion process resulted starch of 75.13 and 67.30%, in avocado seed starch and kluwih seed starch, respectively. Furthermore, XRD and FTIR analysis were also carried out on starch to see the crystallinity character and functional groups contained in the extracted starch.
Cellulase enzyme activity of the bacteria isolated from mangrove ecosystem in Aceh Besar and Banda Aceh
Authors: Dewiyanti I , Darmawi D , Muchlisin Z A , Helmi T Z , Arisa I I , Rahmiati R , Destri E 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Cellulolytic bacteria is one of the beneficial bacteria that can found in mangrove ecosystem. The purposes of study were to analyse the cellulolytic index, and to analyse the cellulase activity of bacteria isolated from soil mangrove. Qualitatively, assessment of cellulase activity were carried out at the Microbiology laboratory of Fish Quarantine Station, Quality Control and Safety of Fishery Products (SKIPM) Aceh, while quantitatively was observed in microbiology laboratory, Biology Department, IPB. Assessment of qualitative cellulase activity is performed by growing the selected pure isolate on 1% CMC medium then spilled 1% congo red to test its cellulolytic potential. Cellulolytic potential was determined by clear zone performed around the colony after congo red flooded. The quantitative cellulase enzyme activity test carried out by DNS method tested on one selective isolate. There were 21 from 39 isolates showed a clear zone isolated from mangrove soil. The cellulolytic index (CI) obtained ranged from 0.07 to 0.80 classified as low cellulolytic index criteria. The cellulolytic index was higher in bacteria isolated from mangrove rehabilitated than mangrove unrehabilitated. The highest cellulase activity and specific cellulase activity of BTMD32 was at 48 hours with the value were 0.0012 U/ml, 0.077 U/mg, respectively. The result concluded that the bacteria cellulolytic isolated from mangrove soil had low cellulolytic index, low cellulase activity, and low specific cellulase activity.
Detection of Cracks in Clay Soil Using Quasi-3D Electrical Resistivity Tomography Method: Numerical and Experimental Study
Authors: Hassan Asem A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Soil cracks affect the geotechnical characteristics of clay soils frequently used in engineered earth structures. In this work, numerical simulation and laboratory tests using Wenner- Schlumberger array of Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) method are adopted to detect soil cracks in compacted clay soil. 3D numerical simulation showed that air-filled cracks have an anomalous high resistivity signature that can be differentiated from the background due to the high resistivity contrast between cracks and the surrounding soil. Depth, geometry, and extension of the simulated cracks are reasonably indicated. At the laboratory scale, quasi-3D ERT experiment was conducted. The results showed that soil resistivity is significantly affected by an artificially introduced crack as the crack forms a barrier that disturbs the flow of electricity in the soil. Similarly, depth, geometry, and extension of the crack are detected. Both numerical and experimental findings demonstrated that ERT method can effectively be used to identify cracking in clay soils. It is suggested that ERT, as a non invasive method, can be adopted with other traditional geotechnical methods for detecting cracks in clay soils.
Seismic Behaviour of Rc Building Located in Erbil, Iraq and Strengthening by Using Steel Frame Sections Precast Bolt-Connected Steel-Plate Reinforced Concrete
Authors: Sadeq S F , Muhammad B R , Al-Zuheriy A J 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This paper present outside strengthening with precast substructures, is a relatively new retrofitting approach that has recently attracted the attention of researchers. Outside strengthening with precast substructure, in contrast to member-level strengthening technologies (e.g., FRP strengthening, enlarging member section areas, and replacing rebars), is a structure-system reinforcement method that integrates the substructure and the original structure, improves overall seismic performance, and changes the deformation mode of the entire structure. The seismic capability of the exterior strengthening with precast bolt-connected steel-plate reinforced concrete is critically evaluated in this paper (PBSPC) Case studies are used to demonstrate the working principles, numerical methodologies, and design approaches. The simulation results were similar with prior studies, demonstrating that the numerical model was effective. The use of building steel representations reduces construction time, increases efficiency, and lowers costs. The goal of this technology is to lower the seismic displacement demand of nonductile. Current RC structures have steel frames connecting to the building floors. These frameworks run parallel to the structure of the building. Ganjan Life City, a building in Erbil, Iraq, is being used as a case study. The ISC 2017 and ASCE 7-10 earthquake codes were used to evaluate the building’s seismic performance before and after the reinforcement. The analysis’ findings suggest that the recommended technique is correct.
Evaluation of Static Pile Load Test Results of Ultimate Bearing Capacity by Interpreting Methods
Authors: Adel Raghad , Shakir Ressol R. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
in geotechnical engineering, foundation piles are ideal for deep foundations that cannot bear higher loads. This architectural expansion places a great deal of responsibility on the engineer to anticipate the appropriate load for the constructor. Unfortunately, calculations of the pile’s bearing capacity are not accessible. It has always been a source of concern for geotechnical engineers, as the structure’s safety depends on the pile’s bearing capacity and gives it a safe value. These research tests are previously known pile load test data from several locations in Nasiriyah to determine the ultimate load-carrying capacity using various interpreting methodologies. A database that was used to test the pile load for three different areas in Nasiriyah, southern Iraq: The Main Drain River Bridge Project, the Al-Eskan Interchange Project, and the Al-Hawra Hospital, as determined by analytical methods, as well as evaluating the final loading values resulting from the methods used, by ASTM D-1143, American and British Standard Code of Practice BS 800. The final capacity for the pile bearing is estimated using these approaches, which are depicted in the form of a graph-based on field data. Chin-Kondner and Brinch Hansen algorithms anticipate the highest failure load for all piles based on the comparison. On average, Chin–Kondner’s ultimate load is 22% higher than Hansen’s maximum load for the 22 pile load tests. Decourt and DeBeer, and Mazurkiewicz’s techniques yielded the closest average failure load. Buttler-Hoy approach yielded the smallest failure load.
The Employment of Endophytic Bacteria for Phytodegradation of Pyridine
Authors: Kh Karaghool Haneen A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Pyridine is considered a heterocyclic aromatic chemical that is poisonous and carcinogenic to a variety of living species. The use of plant and endophytic- bacteria to improve the efficiency of pollutants extraction is considered a viable technique since the endophytic bacteria help in the adaptation of the plant itself in various ecosystems and have significant ecological importance because they improve the soil fertility and quality. This research aims to stimulate the pyridine phytodegradation by Phragmites australis plants using the endophytic bacterial strain, Acinetobacter by inoculation these bacterial cells to the plants to see if it might increase plant growth and pyridine phytodegradation. In the present study, the system of pyridine phytodegradation basins with the vertical subsurface flow (VSSF) was adopted, since this system has better ventilation. In addition, the retention time is several hours due to the penetration of water molecules to the layers of packing materials of the basin, which have a relatively high hydraulic conductivity. After conducting the experiments, samples were collected and tests were done to find out the optimum conditions. The results were recorded as 40 plants of P. australis/m2 of VSSF systems; bacterial cells concentration, 250 mg/L; pyridine concentration, 400 mg/L; temperature, 35 °C and pH, 8±2 for 10 hrs incubation duration. As a result, endophytic bacteria can break down toxic organic substances in combination with certain plants. When the endophytic bacterium, Acinetobacter was not used to enhance the role of Phragmites australis plants in the pyridine-phytodegradation process, the rate of phytodegradation was reduced to less than 30% at a pyridine concentration of 700 mg/L, indicating the importance of this endophytic bacterium in the pyridine phytodegradation process.