bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are Negative Interest Rates on the Horizon?
Authors: Shettigar Jagadish , Misra Pooja 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The pandemic had brought in its wake a new norm of lowered consumption levels and deepened cash conservation. To provide relief from the onslaught of the pandemic, the Central Government and RBI did announce a slew of fiscal and monetary measures. The continuous effort on the part of the regulatory authorities was to strike a balance between financial stability, preserve the financial and economic value of businesses and protect depositors simultaneously. However, a micro-level investigation of bank deposit and credit growth numbers showed that the difference between deposit and credit growth numbers for India had widened even more during the pandemic. Loanable funds were lying as unutilized money with banks. The chapter discusses whether India is heading towards a realm of negative interest rates? Would India, an emerging economy move in the direction of a borrower being paid with interest for borrowing money and depositors paying the bank a parking fee for the safekeeping of their money?
Tweaking Fiscal Deficit
Authors: Shettigar Jagadish , Misra Pooja 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The COVID- 19 pandemic had resulted in an unprecedented situation for countries across the world, and India was no exception. India’s fiscal deficit had already touched a record high of 83.2% of the target for the whole of the financial year in the April– June 2020 quarter. This was indicative of the impact of the pandemic on tax collections and front- loading of the Government’s spending. Doubts were being raised on India being able to achieve its fiscal deficit target of 3.5% of GDP for FY2021 as specified by the FRBM Act of 2003 and predictions were that fiscal deficit would touch 8% of GDP for 2020– 21. The chapter discusses if the financial crisis should have been treated as an exception under the extraordinary condition created by the pandemic. Did India have the fiscal space to announce a bigger package?
Desire in the Iliad
Authors: Lesser Rachel H. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This book is the first study to examine desire in the Iliad in a comprehensive way and to explain its relationship to the epic’s narrative structure and audience reception. It offers a new reading of the poem that shows how the characters’ desires, especially those of the mortal hero Achilleus and the divine king Zeus, motivate plot and keep the audience engaged with the epic until and even beyond its end. The author argues that the characters’ desires are primarily organized in narrative triangles that feature two parties in conflict over a third. A variety of desires animate these triangles, including sexual passion, longing for a lost loved one, yearning for lamentation, and aggressive desires for vengeance and status, and they are signified with terms such as erōs, himeros, pothē, menos, thumos, boulē, and eeldōr as well as through the epic’s thematic emotions of grief and anger. This book shows how the mortals’ and gods’ triangular desires together drive and shape two Iliadic plots, the main plot of Achilleus’ withdrawal from the fighting and then return to battle, and the “superplot” of the larger Trojan War story. The author also argues that these plots and their motivating desires arouse the listener’s—or reader’s—own corresponding desires: narrative desire to know and understand the Iliad’s full story, sympathetic desire for characters’ welfare, and empathetic passions, longings, and wishes. Our desires invest us in the epic narrative and their resolution brings us satisfaction.
Achilleus’ Plot and Divine Determination
Authors: Lesser Rachel H. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter explores how Homer establishes the desiring Achilleus and his divine ally Zeus as the dual authors of the epic’s main plot in the second half of Iliad 1 despite Hera’s resistance. Taking on a bardic role, Achilleus plans the worsting of the Greeks in battle and secures Zeus’s promise of assistance, in a variation on Chryses’ aggression. Meanwhile, the resolution of Chryses’ conflict with Agamemnon provides a template for the satisfaction of Achilleus’—and the audience’s—driving desires. Hera’s conflict with Zeus over the fate of the Achaian army at the end of Book 1 represents a third, similar triangle of desire, confirming the narrative pattern established by Chryses’ paradigm and positioning Zeus’s supreme will (boulē) as a crucial divine determinant of plot, even as it introduces Hera’s desire as a competing force.
Blinding Light on the Road from Damascus
Authors: Day Abby 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
For some boomers, their transition from religious to non-religious was accelerated by a deepening sense of morality. They felt that a clash of values was irreconcilable. They began to crave, and would later transmit to their own children, one of the most important characteristics that would define them: authenticity. Many of their accounts stressed the importance of being ‘real’ and dropping the forced conventions and appearance of respectability that seemed to define their parents and the ‘social thing’ of church attendance. Those experiences and values helped the rise of campaigns for women’s equality and other forms of sexual freedom. The realisation that churches were being more publicly implicated in sex scandals and accounts of abuse furthered the Boomers’ desire to separate from the institution and much of its teaching.
Temporary Migration Projects
Authors: Ottonelli Valeria , Torresi Tiziana 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter considers the empirical data on the increase and impact of temporary and circular migration patterns across different regions of the world. It calls attention to two striking features of these migration patterns. First, very often temporary migration can be explained as the result of intentional plans made by the migrants themselves, who decide to work abroad for a limited period of time to collect resources to employ back home. Second, for those migrants who are employed in low-skill jobs these migratory patterns result in a position of marginality within the receiving societies, which often converts into severe forms of vulnerability and subordination. The chapter illustrates both the voluntary nature of these forms of temporary migration and their problematic implications by analysing in depth some paradigmatic examples.
Meritocracy, Growth, and Lessons from Italy's Economic Decline
Authors: Codogno Lorenzo , Galli Giampaolo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe book draws lessons on the importance of rewarding merit for economic growth by analysing Italy’s decline over the past few decades. Connections rather than merit are a long-standing feature of Italian elites, even in the corporate sector. This became a significant problem when Italy could no longer grow through low wages, imitation, devaluation, and public debt, and faced the challenges of becoming a frontier knowledge-based open economy. The book uses international comparisons over many aspects of society, from social capital to governance, the role of the public sector, efficiency of the judiciary, education, gender and social inequality, social mobility, corporate standards, financial structures, and more to evaluate Italy’s performance. It argues that the arrogance of mediocracy is more damaging than that of meritocracy. Also, the former is more likely to facilitate the rise of populism. Studying Italy’s case can be helpful to many other countries: Italy was the country of economic miracle after WWII, and it is still an advanced economy and a member of the G7 club. Until the 1960s, it seemed destined to catch up with the best-performing countries. Then the growth engine stopped, its debt skyrocketed, and Italy became the weak link in the Eurozone, possibly endangering its very survival.
Dante, Artist of Gesture
Authors: Webb Heather 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDante, Artist of Gesture proposes a visual technique for reading Dante’s Commedia, as if the striking gestural images that it imprints on the reader’s mind were arranged in an architectural space. Art historians have shown how series of discrete images or scenes in medieval places of worship, such as the programme of mosaics in the Baptistery of San Giovanni in Florence or the programme of frescoes in the Scrovegni Chapel in Padua, establish not only narrative sequences but also typological parallelisms between registers, forging links between those registers by the use of colour and gestural forms. This book takes up those techniques to show that the Commedia likewise invites the reader to make visual links between disparate, non-sequential moments in the text. In other words, Dante’s poem asks readers to view its verbally articulated sequences of images with a set of observational tools that could be acquired from the practice of engaging with and meditating on the bodily depictions of vice and virtue in fresco cycles or programmes of mosaics in places of worship. One of the most inherently visible aspects of the Commedia is the representation of signature gestures of the characters described in each of the realms. The tracing of described gestures and bodily signs across the canticles of the poem provides a key for identifying affective and devotional itineraries within the text.
Viewing and Reading Gesture
Authors: Webb Heather 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDante’s Commedia is a poem that is densely packed with fine-grained descriptions of gesture and bodily movement; it is for this reason that the poem has lent itself so readily to countless remediations in paintings, drawings, films, and live performances. This introduction prepares the ground for addressing how those gestures render themselves visible, how they, in their particular instantiations, depend on known examples of vices and virtues, how gesture acts in Dante’s Commedia, and how readers can ‘view’ and respond to gesture in Dante. It is necessary to begin with a discussion of what is meant by gesture. Reason and intention distinguish human gestures. This is not to say, however, that Dante is uninterested in the act of reading bodies more broadly. While some gestures are language, working alongside words in the manifold processes of signifying, the Commedia also frequently dwells on legible but not intentionally expressive bodily signs.
Heavenly Proximities and Contagions
Authors: Webb Heather 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe sixth and final chapter considers the issue of affective transfer as depicted in the Commedia, focusing on the highlighting of changing affective atmospheres and moods. It considers the affective leaps in Paradiso 9 in the context of group formation, placing the mechanisms of reiterated affective contrasts against the contagious effect of blushes in Purgatorio 33 and Paradiso 27. The blushing passages, describing a sort of involuntary somatic marker at the boundaries of gesture, simulate the possibility of the transfer of bodily states. The passages describe the overflow of emotion from one individual to another, even as they attempt to propagate that overflow of emotion into the reader. The chapter then offers some concluding thoughts on the study as a whole, focusing on choral gestures and opportunities for the reader’s engagement.
Exorbitant Jurisdiction and the Common Law
Authors: Mills Alex 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter explores two perennial themes in the distinguished career of Lord Lawrence Collins QC in legal practice, the judiciary, and academia. The first is the topic of the common law rules on civil jurisdiction, including in particular the exercise of jurisdiction over defendants who are not present in England at the time of commencement of proceedings. The second is the relationship between public and private international law, two bodies of law which have sometimes been viewed by academics as unrelated, but which are frequently entangled in questions of legal practice. The common law approach to civil jurisdiction has traditionally been based on an unfortunate conflation between adjudicative and enforcement jurisdiction as those concepts are now understood in public international law. This has led to some suggestions that the exercise of civil jurisdiction over non-present defendants necessarily raises significant concerns and may thus generally be labelled ‘exorbitant’. Some of the grounds of jurisdiction under which the common law rules permit the exercise of jurisdiction over non-present defendants are, however, contentious as jurisdictional justifications, and their rationales deserve closer consideration.
Aranzio's Seahorse and the Search for Memory and Consciousness
Authors: McComas Alan J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Completing a neuroscience trilogy, prize-winning author Alan McComas recounts the research that led to the hippocampus, a structure deep within the brain, as being primarily responsible for memory. The intriguing and exciting account includes observations on patients with memory loss as well as insights from ingenious laboratory experiments. Using several arguments, McComas suggests that it is the electrical activity of neurons in the hippocampus that creates consciousness and that the latter is, in fact, the ever-changing sequence of short-term memories. With its many illustrations and referenced sources ‘Aranzio’s Seahorse’ will be of value not only to neuroscientists, psychologists and philosophers but to all those interested in the brain and in the history of its exploration. Its relevance for a fuller understanding of Alzheimer’s disease and other disorders of memory including ‘long’ COVID is obvious.
A Telephone Call
Authors: McComas Alan J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Eric Kandel shares a Nobel Prize with Paul Greengard and Arvid Carlsson. Meanwhile, Suzanne Corkin’s testing of Henry Molaison confirms that two types of declarative memory normally exist—a ‘semantic’ memory (e.g. for international events, places, and celebrities) and an ‘episodic’ memory (for events in the individual’s own life).
Death and Disorder
Authors: McComas Alan J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Henry Molaison dies and his brain is saved for detailed anatomical and histological studies by Jacopo Annese. Luke Dittrich, a writer and grandson of William Scoville, becomes interested. Serious disagreements arise between Suzanne Corkin over ownership of Molaison’s brain. More hippocampal tissue is found to have survived the original surgery than had been thought.
New Cells or Not?
Authors: McComas Alan J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Fernando Nottebohm reports seasonal formation of new neurons in songbirds and then discovers that Joseph Altman had described neogenesis in the rat hippocampus many years previously. Altman’s surprising findings are subsequently confirmed by Michael Kaplan and Elizabeth Gould, using additional techniques, but are strongly disputed by Pasko Rakic. Fred Gage provides strong support for neogenesis from human exposure to atmospheric radioactivity.
Recognition of the ‘Limbic System’
Authors: McComas Alan J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In 19th-century Paris, Paul Broca recognizes a ‘great limbic lobe’ at the base of each cerebral hemisphere in mammals. Subsequently, Charles Judson Herrick points out prominence of the olfactory system in ‘lower’ animals, with other sensory systems occupying more and more of the cortex during evolution of the brain. Paul MacLean proposes that the mammalian brain comprises three functional entities—the ‘triune brain.’
Introduction
Authors: Acharya Indranil , Panda Ujjwal Kumar 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter introduces the key concepts of spatial humanities that focuses on the matters like space, place, topography, geography, etc. in literature. There are several ways in which space and place evince themselves in literature. Literature’s movement through space and time is unmistakably related to the idea of navigation and a writer, from that point of view, acts like a cartographer. No literary work can grow in void, and setting is a key idea of literature. These literary spaces, unlike some rigid constraints of an earth science like geography, can move freely between real and imaginary. By doing so, it brings out a sense of place or a spirit of place that creates and recreates known geographies. Again, literature shows the rare capacity of referring to the social, cultural, and political dimensions of place making the scope of literary space criticism quite varied and divergent.
Other Places
Authors: Acharya Indranil , Panda Ujjwal Kumar 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A common allegation against the humanistic geographers as well as the critics working in the discipline of spatial humanities is that by giving emphasis on the phenomenological perspective of place or the human experience of place they often tend to neglect the claim of animals and plants on earth. Literature in its own way has time and again given vent to animal geography and plant geography and has depicted the perennial clash between human territory and animal–plant territory. The chapter through many literary examples seeks to explore literature’s concern with the narrowing possibilities of animal and plant worlds having been challenged by so-called human progress and advancement. It is where spatial humanities tends to address modern ecological ideas.
Introduction
Authors: Fendel Victoria Beatrix Maria 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Chapter 1 defines and illustrates the concept of bilingual interference, reviews previous research on traces of bilingualism in the writings from Egypt, and outlines difficulties when dealing with the documentary papyri as a source. Features that have been labelled bilingual interference in the past are reviewed in detail in order to determine their relevance. The chapter sets out the objectives for the study and introduces methodological basics relating to papyrus archives and the definition of a standard language which can serve as the baseline to determine what are variations of and deviations from it.
Summary and Conclusion
Authors: Fendel Victoria Beatrix Maria 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Chapter 10 evaluates the types of errors observed in the data. It distinguishes between deviations having resulted from (i) external factors, (ii) internal factors, and (iii) practices of language acquisition, with at times blurred boundaries. Chapter 10 evaluates the correlation between the type of error and the type of syntactic domain as well as the type of context (free, semi-formulaic, formulaic) affected. Chapter 10 sets contextual flags for accumulations of errors, code-switches, the treatment of personal names, and extra-linguistic information about the writers. These contextual flags are considered specifically for passages that could not be clearly assigned to one type of error before. Finally, Chapter 10 considers the correlation between the circumstances and approaches of second-language acquisition and the second-language-acquisition-related errors observed. The chapter closes with a brief outlook and suggestions for further research.
Poetry against Fanaticism
Authors: Jahanbegloo Ramin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Vajpeyi’s earliest influences came from Hindi literature, from people like Tulsi Das who incidentally has been notoriously interpreted as a Hindu poet in a narrow sense. Anyway, and then later, when I became a little more inquisitive… he read Rilke, Rilke was a big influence on him and others such as Yeats and Eliot, Then novels of Tolstoy, Dostoevsky, they opened an entirely new world that where again it was difficult to find simple enemies or binaries.
Poetizing Ragas
Authors: Jahanbegloo Ramin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
There is a theory, of course, that says that certain Ragas using certain combinations of notes at a particular hour of the day are more suitable for that hour than others. This operates more strictly in the Hindustani classical music. There is no such observance of timeliness in the Carnatic music. It does not follow this prescription. A Raga has a creative combination of some notes and it has been the same for centuries. Yet the rendition brings in some new elements, some new hues, some new colour. In fact, the word Raga also indicates a certain, at one level—passion, but also colour.
Hyundai and Kia—The Journey of the Twins
Authors: Pachpande Sandeep , Pachpande Asha , Kulkarni J A 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Hyundai Motor Company started in 1967 and in 1975, in partnership with Ford Motor Company, produced the Hyundai Cortina. With overseas talent, the first models were designed and became successful in some occidental countries. Sales were developing and Hyundai was becoming a great option for a market that loved to save. Now it is a top competitor in the automobile manufacturing, positioned in quality and gas-saving. Kia, headquartered in Seoul, is South Korea’s second-largest automobile manufacturer, following the Hyundai Motor Company, with sales of over 2.7 million vehicles in 2012 and almost 2.75 million vehicles in 2013. Kia’s first manufacturing plant in Mexico, located in Pesqueria, Nuevo Leon (near Monterrey), will boast an annual production capacity of 300,000 units. The popular Forte sedan will be the first model to be produced at the Kia Motors Mexico plant and when the plant enters operation, Kia’s global manufacturing capacity will be boosted to 3.37 million vehicles.
What Happened to Old McDonald’s?
Authors: Pachpande Sandeep , Pachpande Asha , Kulkarni J A 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
McDonald’s, the seemingly invincible fast-food giant and stalwart of American business, has been an ironclad money-making machine for decades now. Sure, they’ve had their issues with bad press concerning the negative health effects of their food, but otherwise the company is as sure to post profits quarter after quarter as anyone. At least that’s been true until recently, as it appears that McDonald’s has hit a bit of a snag. Starting out with just one burger stall in 1948, the fast-food chain’s emphasis on quick service and a standardized menu has helped it to grow to more than 35,000 outlets across the world. It has been profitable: after a wobbly period in the early 2000s, the firm’s share price went from $12 in 2003 to more than $100 at the end of 2011. But now McDonald’s has lost its sizzle. Global sales have been declining at least since last July. When the company announces its annual results on 23 January, analysts think it will reveal its first full-year fall in like-for-like revenues since 2002. What’s gone wrong?
ING Vysya Bank vs Kotak Mahindra Bank
Authors: Pawar V P , Kunte Bhagyashree , Tumuluri Srinivas 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The case study is about the merger deal between ING Vysya Bank and Kotak Mahindra Bank. The deal created the fourth largest private sector bank in the Indian banking industry. The case provides enough material to discuss the dynamics and the mergers in the Indian banking industry. The case also provides enough material to analyse and discuss the synergies and challenges of the merger deal of ING Vysya and Kotak Mahindra bank.