bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Depuration of live oysters to reduce Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus: A review of ecology and processing parameters
Authors: Campbell Vashti M. , Chouljenko Alexander , Hall Steven G. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractConsumption of raw oysters, whether wild‐caught or aquacultured, may increase health risks for humans. Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus are two potentially pathogenic bacteria that can be concentrated in oysters during filter feeding. As Vibrio abundance increases in coastal waters worldwide, ingesting raw oysters contaminated with V. vulnificus and V. parahaemolyticus can possibly result in human illness and death in susceptible individuals. Depuration is a postharvest processing method that maintains oyster viability while they filter clean salt water that either continuously flows through a holding tank or is recirculated and replenished periodically. This process can reduce endogenous bacteria, including coliforms, thus providing a safer, live oyster product for human consumption; however, depuration of Vibrios has presented challenges. When considering the difficulty of removing endogenous Vibrios in oysters, a more standardized framework of effective depuration parameters is needed. Understanding Vibrio ecology and its relation to certain depuration parameters could help optimize the process for the reduction of Vibrio. In the past, researchers have manipulated key depuration parameters like depuration processing time, water salinity, water temperature, and water flow rate and explored the use of processing additives to enhance disinfection in oysters. In summation, depuration processing from 4 to 6 days, low temperature, high salinity, and flowing water effectively reduced V. vulnificus and V. parahaemolyticus in live oysters. This review aims to emphasize trends among the results of these past works and provide suggestions for future oyster depuration studies.
Effective approaches for early identification and proactive mitigation of aflatoxins in peanuts: An EU–China perspective
Authors: Krska Rudolf , Leslie John F. , Haughey Simon , Dean Moira , Bless Yoneal , McNerney Oonagh , Spence Michelle , Elliott Chris 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNearly 700,000 tonnes of peanuts are consumed annually in Europe. In the last 5 years, peanuts imported from China exceeded legal European Union (EU) aflatoxin limits more than 180 times. To prevent and mitigate aflatoxin contamination, the stages of the peanut chain most vulnerable to contamination must be assessed to determine how to interrupt the movement of contaminated produce. This paper discusses effective approaches for early identification and proactive mitigation of aflatoxins in peanuts to reduce a contaminant that is an impediment to trade. We consider (i) the results of the EU Commission's Directorate‐General (DG) for Health and Food Safety review, (ii) the Code of Practice for the prevention and reduction of aflatoxins in peanuts issued by Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization, (iii) the results from previous EU–China efforts, and (iv) the latest state‐of‐the‐art technology in pre‐ and postharvest methods as essential elements of a sustainable program for integrated disease and aflatoxin management. These include preharvest use of biocontrol, biofertilizers, improved tillage, forecasting, and risk monitoring based on analysis of big data obtained by remote sensing. At the postharvest level, we consider rapid testing methods along the supply chain, Decision Support Systems for effective silo management, and effective risk monitoring during drying, storage, and transport. Available guidance and current recommendations are provided for successful practical implementation. Food safety standards also influence stakeholder and consumer trust and confidence, so we also consider the results of multiactor stakeholder group discussions.
The role of conching in chocolate flavor development: A review
Authors: Augusto Pedro Pio C. , Bolini Helena M. A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractChocolate is an indulgent product whose consumption is mostly motivated by its alluring sensory properties. Among them, flavor stands as the key driver for consumer preference and purchase intention. Flavor is a complex multimodal perception whose discrimination depends mostly on the retronasal aromas associated with the presence of odor‐active compounds in the matrix. The development of chocolate flavor relies on several factors, ranging from intrinsic properties of raw materials to formulation and processing conditions. As the last step of liquid chocolate manufacture, conching develops proper fluidity/texture and finetunes flavor, by means of intensive mixing and continuous heating of chocolate mass for several hours. Time and temperature are the main parameters determining the extent of conching effects upon flavor, despite factors such as ventilation, energy input onto chocolate mass, and configuration of conching machine being also relevant to some of the physicochemical mechanisms involved in flavor modification. Overall, conching impacts chocolate flavor by either changing the concentration of key odor‐active compounds or modifying their distribution throughout the matrix, affecting their binding to other components and, ultimately, their rate of release during ingestion. The present review aims to gather evidence on the physicochemical transformations promoted by conching responsible for flavor enhancement and overall sensory quality of chocolates.
The UK’s Agri‐food Trade Policies One Year On From Brexit
Authors: Swinbank Alan 
Published: May 2022

SummaryIn January 2021 the UK left the EU. Brexit was ‘done’. One year later the shape of Global Britain’s agri‐food trade policies is somewhat clearer. The core EU agreements are a Trade and Cooperation Agreement (TCA), and a Protocol on Ireland/Northern Ireland. The protocol meant that Northern Ireland remained in the EU’s Customs Union and Single Market, and in the UK’s Customs Union. It has caused considerable political controversy within Northern Ireland. Implementing these agreements – particularly sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) controls – has proved problematic for traders, and politically controversial. The UK’s new Global Tariff, for products that do not enter on a preferential basis, largely replicates the prohibitively high tariffs on meat, dairy and sugar, the UK inherited from membership of the EU. It has successfully ‘rolled‐over’ FTA agreements the EU had negotiated with over 70 trading partners. New FTAs have been negotiated with Australia and New Zealand. These open‐up the UK’s market to imports of beef, dairy products and sugar, to the chagrin of UK farmers, but the potential benefit of consumers. Existing EU suppliers to the UK face increased competition, and loss of market share. Further trade liberalisation is likely to increase the downward pressure on UK farmgate prices, feeding through to lower consumer prices.
Alteration in dough volume and gluten network of lychee pulp pomace bread base on mixture design dominated by particle size
Authors: Xu Canhua , Xiong Xiong , Zeng Qingzhu , Yuan Yang , He Shan , Dong Lihong , Huang Fei , Nag Anindya , Su Dongxiao 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe reducing flavor of whole grain bread has been constantly affecting the consumption desire of a significant proportion of consumers. The study presents the use of lychee pulp pomace (LPP) powder to replace certain proportion of wheat flour and produce wheat bread with better quality, while having minimal effects on the volume and improving the nutritional quality. Distinct particle sizes (60–400 µm) of LPP powder were obtained by superfine or ordinary grinding. Effect of different additive proportions (7–19%) of LPP powder on bread dough quality were studied by constrained mixture designs. The volume of fermented doughs subsequently decreased after adding LPP powder. However, LPP powders with smaller particle sizes were able to minimize this effect due to its higher water‐holding capacity. The analyses of gluten network showed that smaller particle sizes of LPP powder resulted in a decrease in surface hydrophobicity and increase in the elasticity and stability of gluten network. Finally, optimum mixture formula was composed of 16% LPP powder with 60 µm particle size and 15% water. The study illustrated the potential to make high‐quality bread with small particle size of LPP powder.Practical ApplicationThe addition of dietary fiber to wheat flour can adversely affect the dough volume and reduce the dough quality. By reducing the particle size of lychee pulp pomace powder, this adverse effect could be minimized while increasing the content of dietary fiber and bound phenolics in the dough. This provides data for the production of high‐quality lychee dough bread.
Development of a multilayer insect‐repelling film with trans‐anethole for the storage of almond flake cereal
Authors: Choi Inyoung , Kim Seungyeon , Lee Jung‐Soo , Chang Yoonjee , Han Jaejoon 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTrans‐anethole (AN), which exhibits strong insect–repellent activity against Plodia interpunctella larvae, was applied on a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film as an active packaging coating layer. All developed films at different concentrations (25%, 30%, 40%, and 50%) exhibited significant insect repellent activities. However, these films did not significantly differ from the control film in terms of color and transparency. In addition, the developed polypropylene (PP) and PET laminated films containing 25% AN (PP/AN25/PET) exhibited strong and continuous insect‐repellent activity for up to 42 days. Finally, the developed film showed 2.86‐fold stronger repellent activity than that of the control film when applied to the almond flake cereals packaging. These results suggest that PP/AN25/PET could be used as a potent insect‐repelling packaging film in a realistic grain‐packaging system.Practical ApplicationA PP/trans‐anethole/PET film that exhibited good insect‐repellent activity for 42 days was newly developed in this study. As it showed strong insect repellency, especially in almond flake cereals packaging, it is expected to have high potential as an insect‐repelling grain‐packaging film.
Covalent modification of zein with polyphenols: A feasible strategy to improve antioxidant activity and solubility
Authors: Xu Yanan , Wei Zihao , Xue Changhu , Huang Qingrong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCovalent modification of protein with polyphenols is an attractive research topic, since it is an effective way to improve the properties and broaden the applications of protein. However, the majority of prolamin–polyphenol reactions were carried out in alcohol aqueous solution, and this study aimed to investigate the covalent interaction of zein and polyphenols in water. Chlorogenic acid (CGA), gallic acid (GA), and caffeic acid (CA) were used as polyphenol models. The grafting ratio revealed that zein interacted more strongly with CGA and CA than with GA, which was probably due to the larger molecular weight of CGA and the hydroxycinnamic acid structure of CA. Afterward, the differences in structural and functional properties between control zein and zein–polyphenol complexes were compared. Covalent interaction with polyphenols induced great changes in the morphology and secondary structure of zein. Compared with control zein and non‐covalent complexes, covalent zein–polyphenol complexes exhibited better solubility, antioxidant activity, and thermal stability.Practical ApplicationCovalent modification of zein with polyphenols in water is a simple and efficient method, which can ameliorate the antioxidant activity as well as the hydrophilicity of zein and improve its application value. The findings of this research carry important implications for using zein–polyphenol complexes as novel food additives, or to design more efficient delivery systems.
The Impacts of Drought on Southwest Tribal Economies
Authors: Drugova Tatiana , Curtis Kynda R. , Kim Man‐Keun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDrought negatively impacts agricultural productivity, often causing reduced crop yields and damage to pasture and rangelands. Droughts are particularly concerning for Native American reservations in the arid United States Southwest, as agricultural production on the reservations provides an important economic base. This study evaluates the impacts of drought on the cattle and hay sectors and resulting economic impacts on tribal communities in Arizona, Nevada, New Mexico, and Utah. Panel data analysis is used to estimate the impacts of drought, assessed using the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI), on reservation cattle inventory and hay yields. Then, the supply‐driven social accounting matrix approach is used to quantify the total economic impacts on tribal economies given hypothetical drought scenarios. Results show that drought impacts cattle production more than hay/forage production. Each additional year of drought reduces cattle inventory by 1.9% in the following year. Furthermore, for every unit decrease in PDSI each year, cattle inventory and hay yields decline by 0.3% and 0.4%, respectively. The drought scenarios examined result in hefty economic losses for large reservation areas such as the Uintah and Ouray Reservation, Navajo Nation, and Tohono O'odham Nation. To alleviate the negative impacts of drought on reservation economies, hurdles that limit tribal ability to mitigate and adapt to drought and climate change impacts should be addressed.
International initiation and termination of resuscitation practices: Protocol of a cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Havshøj Ulrik , Juhl Ida‐Marie Dreijer , Milling Louise , Jørgensen Jeannett Kjær , Christensen Helle Collatz , Lippert Freddy , Morrison Laurie J. , Mikkelsen Søren , Brøchner Anne Craveiro 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundSubstantial variation in survival following out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is described both internationally and nationally. The Utstein factors account for half of the variation, but the remaining is not fully understood. Local regulations or guidelines concerning the withholding and termination of resuscitation may influence the reporting of cardiac arrests when comparing outcomes between different Emergency Medical Service systems.MethodWe have developed an online cross‐sectional mixed‐methods explanatory design survey aimed at describing the international and national variations in the initiation, the termination of resuscitation, and the refraining from resuscitation of adult patients (>18 years of age) suffering from non‐traumatic OHCA. The respondents will be national experts and the questionnaire will be distributed among members of European Prehospital Research Alliance, the International Liaison Committee of Resuscitation, the European Resuscitation Council, and the Resuscitation Academy. Each invited country will have to identify at least two national experts with special expertise in prehospital resuscitation practices. We exclude countries with less than two respondents.ResultsThe survey will provide both quantitative and qualitative data. Quantitative data will be presented as frequencies and proportions. Qualitative data will be analyzed using content analysis.ConclusionThis survey could be of importance in understanding the multiple factors leading to the substantial variation in survival found following OHCA. Furthermore, the interpretation of future studies on OHCA from different settings may be improved to further increase survival following OHCA.
New virtual platform for teaching comparative animal neuroanatomy based on metameric slices of the central nervous system
Authors: da Silva Mônica Duarte , Castro Guglielmi Ricardo Martins de Azevedo , Cereta Andressa Daronco , Magalhães Henrique Inhauser Riceti , Ribeiro Rafaela Rodrigues , Salazar José Miguel Velásquez , Miglino Maria Angelica 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWith the limitations imposed by the COVID‐19 pandemic, new technologies were used as methods to continue teaching and learning activities. This scenario brought forth the need to develop online tools for teaching. Therefore, this research aimed to develop a digital platform linking the knowledge about the central nervous system (CNS) anatomy from feline, equine, and sheep models. The platform was produced from the analysis of a collection of mesoscopic slides made from the sequenced cross‐section of the CNS of a feline, an equine, and a sheep. All sections were analysed and stained using the Paul‐Wiegert modified technique. The platform was organized in four modules: (1) Neuroanatomy of the Central Nervous System; (2) Neuroanatomy of Feline; (3) Neuroanatomy of Equine; and (4) Neuroanatomy of sheep. For each module, an explanatory document in PDF was developed, as well as video lectures and a descriptive atlas identifying the structures present in the encephalon and in the cervical part of the spinal cord. Even though there are numerous online platforms that allow the study of veterinary anatomy of different species and organs, the veterinary neuroanatomy platform presented here is the first platform that conjointly addresses the CNS anatomy of felines, equines, and sheep. Future research applying this platform as an aid to the study of neuroanatomy by students, teachers, and veterinary professionals should validate its use as a complementary tool for teaching and learning animal neuroanatomy.
Firm Misvaluation and Corporate Social Responsibility*
Authors: Jin Yaling 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper shows that overvalued firms have better performance in corporate social responsibility. Using hypothetical mutual fund outflow pressure, I establish causality from misvaluation to corporate social responsibility performance. Further analysis reveals that the effect of firm misvaluation on corporate social responsibility performance is stronger for firms with greater financial strengths, higher socially responsible investor ownership, higher long‐term institutional investor ownership, and during high corporate social responsibility sentiment periods. Overall, the results reveal the incentives of firms to engage in corporate social responsibility activities in overvaluation to cater to investors who prefer better corporate social responsibility performance.
Application of Emax model to assess the potency of topical corticosteroid products
Authors: Rath Seeprarani , Zvidzayi Michael , Bon Charles , Kanfer Isadore 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe objective of this study was to compare the potencies of two topical corticosteroid products (TCPs) using the Emax model to fit the skin blanching responses obtained from the US FDA's vasoconstrictor assay (VCA) and to illustrate the influence of formulation on potency. The potencies of two marketed TCPs, Dermovate® cream containing clobetasol propionate (CP) and Elocon® cream containing mometasone furoate (MF), were assessed using healthy human subjects. In order to investigate the influence of formulation and associated vehicle properties, the creams were compared with their respective topical corticosteroids (TCs) from a previously published study wherein the inherent potencies of those TCs were assessed using a validated VCA method. Whereas the inherent potency of MF (Emax = −94.45 ± 0.21) was found to be greater than CP (Emax = −58.80 ± 15.65), when formulated as creams, the TCP containing CP had a higher potency (Emax = −86.15 ± 0.17) than that containing MF (Emax = −42.61 ± 26.04). This reversal of potency may be attributed to the effect of formulation factors. The comparison of the potencies of TCPs with inherent potencies of their corresponding TCs confirmed the influence of formulation parameters on the potency of those products.
Identification of seasonal variation in the diagnosis of acute myeloid leukaemia: a population‐based study
Authors: Sánchez‐Vizcaíno Fernando , Tamayo Carmen , Ramos Fernando , Láinez‐González Daniel , Serrano‐López Juana , Barba Raquel , Martin Maria Dolores , Llamas Pilar , Alonso‐Dominguez Juan Manuel 
Published: May 2022

SummaryUntil now, the role that seasonal factors play in the aetiology of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) has been unclear. Demonstration of seasonality in AML diagnosis would provide supportive evidence of an underlying seasonal aetiology. To investigate the potential seasonal and long‐term trends in AML diagnosis in an overall population and in subgroups according to sex and age, we used population‐based data from a Spanish hospital discharge registry. We conducted a larger study than any to date of 26 472 cases of AML diagnosed in Spain between 2004 and 2015. Using multivariable Poisson generalized linear autoregressive moving average modelling, we found an upward long‐term trend, with monthly incidence rates of AML annually increasing by 0.4% [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.2%–0.6%; p = 0.0011]. January displayed the highest incidence rate of AML, with a minimum average difference of 7% when compared to February (95% CI, 2%–12%; p = 0.0143) and a maximum average difference of 16% compared to November (95% CI, 11%–21%; p < 0.0001) and August (95% CI, 10%–21%; p < 0.0001). Such seasonal effect was consistent among subgroups according to sex and age. Our finding that AML diagnosis is seasonal strongly implies that seasonal factors, such as infectious agents or environmental triggers, influence the development and/or proliferation of disease, pointing to prevention opportunities.
Patient reported outcome measures assessing quality of life in patients with an intestinal stoma: A systematic review
Authors: Skibsted Christian Valdemar , Jensen Bente Thoft , Juul Therese , Kristensen Helle Ø. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimLiving with a stoma can greatly influence quality of life. The purpose of this systematic review was to identify all patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) assessing health related quality of life (HRQoL) or similar constructs related to an intestinal stoma and to evaluate their level of validation.MethodsThe study was reported in line with PRISMA guidelines. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO prior to the study. Eligible studies were any study investigating psychometric properties of a stoma‐specific PROM. The databases MedLine, Embase, CINAHL and Cochrane Libraries were searched for eligible studies. Studies were screened on title and abstract, then full‐text for eligibility. Data extraction on the study populations, PROM characteristics, psychometric properties as well as quality assessment using the COSMIN Risk of Bias checklist was performed.ResultsIn total, 40 studies were included concerning the development and/or validation of 21 PROMs. For most PROMs, few psychometric properties were assessed. In general, quality of content validity was poor, quality of construct validity and reliability was good. Assessment of responsiveness was lacking.ConclusionThis systematic review offers an overview of existing PROMs measuring stoma‐related HRQoL and their psychometric properties. A large number of PROMs exist and their measures overlap considerably. The PROMs generally have a low level of validation, emphasizing the need for future studies to further validate existing PROMs, rather than developing new ones.