bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrity monitoring for kinematic precise point positioning in open-sky environments with improved computational performance
Authors: El-Mowafy Ahmed , Wang Kan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Positioning integrity monitoring (IM) is essential for liability- and safety-critical land applications such as road transport. IM methods such as solution separation apply multiple filters, which necessitates the use of computationally efficient algorithms in real-time applications. In this contribution, a new approach that significantly improves the computation time of the measurement update of the Kalman filter is presented, where only one matrix inversion is applied for all filters with measurement subsets. The fault detection and identification method and computation of the protection levels (PLs) are discussed. The computational improvement comes at the expense of a small increase in the PL. Test results for precise point positioning (PPP) with float ambiguities in an open-sky and suburban environment demonstrate the reduced computation time using the proposed approach compared to the traditional method, with 23%–42% improvement. The availability of IM for PPP, i.e. when the PL is less than a selected alert limit of 1.625 m, ranged between 92% and 99%, depending on the allowable integrity risk, tested at 10−5 and 10−6, and the observation environment.
Multi FBG sensor-based impact localization with a hybrid correlation interpolation method
Authors: Du Liangya , Jiang Wensong , Luo Zai , Song Hao , Yang Li , Li Hongyang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
To locate the impact source of a composite material structure with a series of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors, a hybrid correlation interpolation method is proposed, in this paper, based on a weighted correlation analysis and a unidirectional cubic spline interpolation. First, the signals collected by FBG sensors are preprocessed on the frequency domain to reduce noise interference. Second, the impact similarity map is built by using the weighted cross-correlation value to estimate the location of the impact roughly. Third, the similarity map is further subdivided by the unidirectional cubic spline interpolation to increase the impact localization. Fourth, the FBG sensor network is experimental analyzed to optimize the layout and the structure of the FBG sensor network. The validity of the multi FBG sensor-based impact localization method is verified on a carbon fiber composite plate with a size of 650 × 500 (mm). The experimental result shows that the mean absolute error is 9.74 mm for our suggested method and 15.51 mm for the bicubic polynomial interpolation (BPI) algorithm, which is reduced by 5.77 mm. The maximum errors are 36.40 mm for the BPI algorithm while are reduced to 21.55 mm for our suggested method. Furthermore, the effect of FBG sensor combination layout and number on impact location accuracy is analyzed and compared. It shows that the sensor network layout of rectangular structure using four FBG sensors is a better choice after the comprehensive consideration of economic benefits, localization accuracy, and error rate.
H-SegNet: hybrid segmentation network for lung segmentation in chest radiographs using mask region-based convolutional neural network and adaptive closed polyline searching method
Authors: Peng Tao , Wang Caishan , Zhang You , Wang Jing 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Chest x-ray (CXR) is one of the most commonly used imaging techniques for the detection and diagnosis of pulmonary diseases. One critical component in many computer-aided systems, for either detection or diagnosis in digital CXR, is the accurate segmentation of the lung. Due to low-intensity contrast around lung boundary and large inter-subject variance, it has been challenging to segment lung from structural CXR images accurately. In this work, we propose an automatic Hybrid Segmentation Network (H-SegNet) for lung segmentation on CXR. The proposed H-SegNet consists of two key steps: (1) an image preprocessing step based on a deep learning model to automatically extract coarse lung contours; (2) a refinement step to fine-tune the coarse segmentation results based on an improved principal curve-based method coupled with an improved machine learning method. Experimental results on several public datasets show that the proposed method achieves superior segmentation results in lung CXRs, compared with several state-of-the-art methods.
Evaluation of continuous fiber Bragg grating and signal processing method for hotspot detection at cryogenic temperatures
Authors: Fisser Maximilian , Huang Xiyong , Moseley Dominic A , Bumby Chris , Badcock Rodney A 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The recent adoption of high-T
c superconductor (HTS) wires for ultra-high field magnet windings provide great promise for future applications, such as high-power generators and Tokamak fusion reactors. However, an open issue with the use of HTS is the challenge of rapidly detecting a hot spot which could lead to a quench. Optical fiber sensors have been shown to be promising alternatives to the voltage-based quench detection method. In this paper, we report on ultra-long fiber Bragg gratings (ULFBG) for hotspot detection at cryogenic temperatures using a new detection algorithm. This novel sensing system is suitable for applications in which solely the occurrence of a hotspot but not its precise location is of importance. This is the case e.g. for quench detection in HTS. The developed system provides the advantages of cost reduction and faster response time compared to conventional FBGs with wavelength-division multiplexing and continuous FBGs with time-division multiplexing, respectively. We demonstrate the functionality of the system for the ULFBG with a grating length of 100 mm and 500 mm at 77 K and 90 K respectively. The ULFBG is shown to respond as fast as conventional FBG, to a hot spot as small as 1 K temperature rise. Furthermore, using the proposed signal processing algorithm, ULFBG exhibits much higher signal to noise ratio than that from the conventional FBG. It is believed that artificial intelligence based technique can assist the signal processing algorithm in detecting a small hot spot more rapidly from the big spectral data in real-time.
Gravitational waves from the vacuum decay with LISA *
Authors: Lee Bum-Hoon , Lee Wonwoo , Yeom Dong-han , Yin Lu 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We investigate the gravitational wave spectrum originating from the cosmological first-order phase transition. We compare two models: one is a scalar field model without gravitation, while the other is a scalar field model with gravitation. Based on the sensitivity curves of the LISA space-based interferometer on the stochastic gravitational-wave background, we compare the difference between the gravitational wave spectra of the former and the latter cases obtained from the bubble collision process. In particular, we numerically calculate the speed of the bubble wall before collision for the two models. We demonstrate that the difference between the amplitudes of these spectra can clearly distinguish between the two models. We expect that the LISA with Signal to Noise Ratio = 10 could observe the spectrum as the fast first-order phase transition.
Toroidal modeling of runaway electron loss due to 3D fields in ITER
Authors: Liu Yueqiang , Aleynikova K. , Paz-Soldan C. , Aleynikov P. , Lukash V. , Khayrutdinov R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Mitigation of runaway electrons (REs) by three-dimensional (3D) magnetic field perturbations is numerically investigated for the ITER 15 MA baseline D–T scenario, utilizing the MARS-F code (Liu et al Phys. Plasmas
7 3681) with a drift orbit test particle tracing module. Considered are two types of 3D fields: the n = 3 (n is the toroidal mode number) resonant magnetic perturbation (RMP) utilized for the purpose of controlling the edge localized modes in ITER, and perturbations generated by the n = 1 magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) instabilities in a post-disruption plasma. The RMP field, applied to a pre-disruption plasma, is found to be moderately effective in mitigating the RE seeds in ITER when vacuum field model is assumed. Up to ∼40% loss fraction is possible at 90 kA-turn coil current. The mitigation efficiency is however substantially reduced, down to less than 5%, when the plasma response is taken into account. This is due to strong screening of the resonant magnetic field components by the plasma response resulting in much less field line stochasticity. On the other hand, the MARS-F modeling, based on the DINA-simulated post-disruption equilibria, shows that the n = 1 resistive kink instabilities develop in these plasmas, as the edge safety factor q

a
evolves and drops below integer numbers. RE mitigation by these MHD instabilities is sensitive to the eigenmode structure. The best mitigation is achieved as q

a
drops below 3, when a global kink instability occurs that encompasses both internal and external components. This global instability is found to be capable of mitigating over 80% MeV-level passing RE orbits at a field perturbation |δB|/B
0 that is comparable to that observed in DIII-D experiments, and full mitigation if the perturbation amplitude is doubled. The ‘wetted’ area on the ITER limiting surface, due to MHD instability induced RE loss, generally increases with the perturbation amplitude (together with increasing loss fraction). At the highest perturbation level assumed in this study, the wetted area reaches ∼60% of the total limiting surface area. The lost RE orbits mainly strike the outer divertor region of the limiting surface, with some fraction also hitting a wide area along the inboard side of the surface.
Multivariate generating functions for information spread on multi-type random graphs
Authors: Oz Yaron , Rubinstein Ittai , Safra Muli 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We study the spread of information on multi-type directed random graphs. In such graphs the vertices are partitioned into distinct types (communities) that have different transmission rates between themselves and with other types. We construct multivariate generating functions and use multi-type branching processes to derive an equation for the size of the large out-components in multi-type random graphs with a general class of degree distributions. We use our methods to analyse the spread of epidemics and verify the results with population based simulations.
Impact of the Geometric Form of the Building Envelopes on The efficiency of Natural Lighting in the Office Space.
Authors: Bhai Mohammad A Y , Abdelkader M , Neseem A , Mustafa A 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Envelopes play an important role in Office Buildings.They affect visual comfort for the user Driven by architectural trends and the need to maximize natural light In order to realize required visual comfort conditions. advanced glazing systems, Geometric formation of the outer building envelope proper self- shading properties and control and lighting controls should be studied comprehensively Optimized fenestration system design may improve exploitation of daylight. and it can be controlled to harvest maximum daylight thus reaching the maximum depth naturally illuminated. The paper explains the design relationship between both configuration of office space and between the system of the glazing and the transmission of natural light inside the space, in terms of the design characteristics of the office space (proportions, dimensions), in order to achieve visual comfort to improve the efficiency of the environmental performance of Office Buildings. This paper discusses the study of the environmental effects of the glazing façades of office buildings and their impact on the efficiency of natural lighting and visual comfort. The paper relies on simulation using, the Grasshopper program, in analyzing of the building’s Envelopes and its external elements and the architectural space, in order to find the proper form for improving visual performance.
The Influence of Using Responsive Façade as a Tool for Improving the Built Environment: Case study: Attaba – Opera square
Authors: Eltanboly M F , Afify M M 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The path we are currently following to improve the physics of construction due to the destruction of our environment through the negative impact of the built environment around us. Current efforts to decrease carbon and energy are noted by modifying and improving modern “layered” envelopes and improving a misunderstanding of thermal comfort that has become much less effective than expected. Understanding construction physics is an important factor in improving the quality of life indoor and outdoor, relying primarily on theoretical and computational aspects, then applying the practical part to reduce excessive use of carbon and energy and hinder the elaboration of a sustainable and built environment. This paper shows how the problem stems from neglecting to think about the first principles and basic construction physics. Similarly, we show how combining good construction physics with reassessing old methodologies to construction and structure use provides some powerful and effective tools to address the climate emergency. The use of construction physics methods supports the search for new solutions to express the most important factors affecting thermal conduction and minimum surface temperatures. However, buildings have integrated concepts in which advanced systems work together to optimize energy, comfort, and health performance. Convergence between various engineering fields and the overlapping field of construction techniques and services has great potential in the future to achieve the next step in energy saving. As a result, the research highlights new methods that make our buildings interact with the external environment using climate data, responsive envelope design, simulation software, thereby achieving architectural response to surrounding variables, improving building physics to reduce environmental pollution, thermal comfort, and achieving the highest energy efficiency and performance in buildings. This is illustrated by the presentation of a case study of an existing building (Opera Garage Building) – Cairo, it will review solutions to enhance the envelope of the building and its impact on the built environment to come up with some recommendations and solutions which we can apply it on the existing buildings in Egypt.
Large-scale CuS nanotube arrays@graphdiyne for high-performance sodium ion battery
Authors: Zhai Xiangang , Zuo Zicheng , Xiong Zecheng , Pan Houhe , Gao Xiaoya , Li Yuliang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Copper sulfide (CuS) is emerged as a promising electrode material for Na-ion batteries due to its high theoretical specific capacity, environmental friendliness and abundant resource. However, the conversion type mechanism for storing the Na+ causes huge volume variations, irreversible phase changes and disintegration of the structure during charge and discharge processes. These intractable issues lead to the fast capacity degradation, and sluggish reaction kinetics, and performances are hard to fulfill the criteria in practical applications. Herein, the large-scale free-standing CuS nanotube arrays sandwiched by successive graphdiyne (GDY) nanofilm are readily prepared using a simple and efficient strategy. The in-situ protection of GDY nanofilm successfully enhances the structural stability and the network conductivity of the free-standing electrode. The as-obtained CuS electrode protected by GDY exhibits excellent electrochemical sodium storage capability, in the term of long-term reversibility (After 1000 cycles at 2 C, the capacity retention is 78.7%.) and rate performance.
Impact of modifiable healthy lifestyle adoption on lifetime gain from middle to older age
Authors: Sakaniwa Ryoto , Noguchi Midori , Imano Hironori , Shirai Kokoro , Tamakoshi Akiko , Iso Hiroyasu ,   The JACC Study Group
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objective
this study explored whether the modification of selected lifestyles is likely to increase life expectancy from middle age onwards, regardless of the presence of major comorbidities.

Methods
we examined a prospective cohort of 20,373 men and 26,247 women aged 40–80 years. Eight modifiable lifestyle factors were assessed: consumption of fruit, fish and milk, walking and/or sports participation, body-mass index, smoking status, alcohol consumption and sleep duration. Modifiable healthy lifestyle factors scored one point each, for a maximum of eight points. The impact of modifiable healthy lifestyle adoption on lifetime gain during the ages of 40–102 years was analysed.

Findings
during the median 21 years of follow-up, 8,966 individuals (3,683 men and 5,283 women) died. Life expectancy at 40 years (95% confidence intervals) for 7–8 health lifestyle points was 46.8 (45.6–48.1) and 51.3 (50.0–52.6) years for men and women, respectively. The potential impact of modifiable healthy lifestyle adoption on lifetime gain persisted over the age of 80 years or more, in individuals with ≥5 factors (P &lt; 0.001), particularly older men. The benefits were more pronounced among patients with major comorbidities, such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, hypertension, diabetes, kidney disease and those with multimorbidity throughout all age categories.

Conclusion
adopting modifiable healthy lifestyles was associated with lifetime gain, even in individuals aged 80 years or more, regardless of the presence of any major comorbidities in each life stage since middle age. The findings imply the importance of improving the one’s lifestyle for an increased lifespan, even among older patients and/or those with multimorbidity.
Casting New Light on Statistical Power: An Illuminating Analogy and Strategies to Avoid Underpowered Trials
Authors: Kiernan Michaela , Baiocchi Michael T 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCurrent standards for methodological rigor and trial reporting underscore the critical issue of statistical power. Still, the chance of detecting most effects reported in randomized controlled trials in medicine and other disciplines is currently lower than winning a toss of a fair coin. Here we propose that investigators who retain a practical understanding of how statistical power works can proactively avoid the potentially devastating consequences of underpowered trials. We first offer a vivid, carefully constructed analogy that illuminates the underlying relationships among 3 of the 5 essential parameters—namely, statistical power, effect size, and sample size—while holding the remaining 2 parameters constant (type of statistical test and significance level). Second, we extend the analogy to a set of critical scenarios in which investigators commonly miss detecting intervention effects due to insufficient statistical power. Third, we highlight effective pragmatic strategies for the design and conduct of sufficiently powered trials, without increasing sample size.
Perfluoroalkyl Substances and Incident Natural Menopause in Midlife Women: The Mediating Role of Sex Hormones
Authors: Ding Ning , Harlow Siobán D , Randolph John F , Mukherjee Bhramar , Batterman Stuart , Gold Ellen B , Park Sung Kyun 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been associated with earlier natural menopause; however, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood, particularly the extent to which this relationship is mediated by sex hormones. We analyzed data (1999–2017) on 1,120 premenopausal women from the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation (SWAN). Causal mediation analysis was applied to quantify the degree to which follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and estradiol levels could mediate the associations between PFAS and incident natural menopause. Participants with higher PFAS concentrations had shorter times to natural menopause, with a relative survival of 0.82 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.69, 0.96) for linear perfluorooctane sulfonate (n-PFOS), 0.84 (95% CI: 0.69, 1.00) for sum of branched-chain perfluorooctane sulfonate (Sm-PFOS), 0.79 (95% CI: 0.66, 0.93) for linear-chain perfluorooctanoate (n-PFOA), and 0.84 (95% CI: 0.71, 0.97) for perfluorononanoate (PFNA), comparing the highest tertile of PFAS concentrations with the lowest. The proportion of the effect mediated through FSH was 8.5% (95% CI: −11.7, 24.0) for n-PFOS, 13.2% (95% CI: 0.0, 24.5) for Sm-PFOS, 26.9% (95% CI: 15.6, 38.4) for n-PFOA, and 21.7% (6.8, 37.0) for PFNA. No significant mediation by estradiol was observed. The effect of PFAS on natural menopause may be partially explained by variations in FSH concentrations.
Self-association status-dependent inactivation of the endoplasmic reticulum stress sensor Ire1 by C-terminal tagging with artificial peptides
Authors: Ishiwata-Kimata Yuki , Hata Tatsuya , Kimata Yukio 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
Upon endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, eukaryotic cells commonly induce unfolded protein response (UPR), which is triggered, at least partly, by the ER stress sensor Ire1. Upon ER stress, Ire1 is dimerized or forms oligomeric clusters, resulting in the activation of Ire1 as an endoribonuclease. In ER-stressed Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells, HAC1 mRNA is spliced by Ire1 and then translated into a transcription factor that promotes the UPR. Herein, we report that Ire1 tagged artificially with irrelevant peptides at the C terminus is almost completely inactive when only dimerized, while it induced the UPR as well as untagged Ire1 when clustered. This finding suggests a fundamental difference between the dimeric and clustered forms of Ire1. By comparing UPR levels in S. cerevisiae cells carrying artificially peptide-tagged Ire1 to that in cells carrying untagged Ire1, we estimated the self-association status of Ire1 under various ER stress conditions.