bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Staff perceived challenges and facilitators in supporting resident self‐determination in ethno‐specific and mainstream nursing homes
Authors: Xiao Lily Dongxia , Gregoric Carolyn , Gordon Sue , Ullah Shahid , Goodwin‐Smith Ian , Muir‐Cochrane Eimear , Blunt Sara 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAims and ObjectivesTo explore and compare staff perceived challenges and facilitators in supporting resident self‐determination in ethno‐specific and mainstream nursing homes.BackgroundStaff and residents in ethno‐specific and mainstream nursing homes in most developed countries have shown increased cultural and linguistic diversity. This socio‐demographic change poses significant challenges for staff to support resident self‐determination of their own care. In‐depth understanding of those challenges in the two types of nursing homes is much needed to inform practice in nurse‐led nursing home care settings.MethodA qualitative description approach with thematic analysis was used in the study. Data were collected through five focus groups with 29 various direct care workers from two ethno‐specific nursing homes and a mainstream nursing home in Australia between March–September 2020. The study report followed the COREQ checklist.ResultsFour themes were identified from focus group data. First, participants perceived communication challenges in identifying residents' preferences, especially in ethno‐specific nursing homes. Second, team efforts that included residents and their family members were highly valued as a way to meet residents' preferences. Third, participants described various levels of staff engagement in residents' care planning. In addition, staff in ethno‐specific nursing homes possessed richer resources to maintain meaningful relationships for residents compared with their counterparts in the mainstream nursing home.ConclusionsStaff in ethno‐specific nursing homes experience more challenges in supporting resident self‐determination but have richer resources to develop culturally safe and culturally competent care compared with their counterparts in the mainstream nursing home.Relevance to clinical practiceFindings provide new insights into challenges and practical solutions in supporting residents to self‐determine their own care in cross‐cultural aged care.Patient or Public ContributionThis study was co‐designed with three aged care organisations who funded the study. Staff employed by these organisations participated in the study.
Questionnaire‐based survey to determine an at‐risk group for coeliac disease among school children in Moscow, Russia
Authors: Antishin Anton S , Erdes Svetlana I , Savvateeva Lyudmila V , Soond Surinder M , Zamyatnin Andrey A 
Published: July 2022

AimCoeliac disease (CD) is a chronic digestive disorder which presents in diverse ways and is under‐diagnosed. The purpose of this study was to provide insights into suspected CD among Russian schoolchildren, through defining the percentage of participants in an ‘at‐risk’ group for CD in a paediatric cohort, by means of a questionnaire as a primary screening tool.MethodsRussian school children of both sexes age 7‐18 years were enrolled in a population‐based study to identify individuals affected by CD. Each participant was presented with a structured questionnaire based on criteria that can be used to reveal symptomatic signs of CD. Following on, we developed a case‐finding strategy for the ‘at‐risk’ group, based on serological and genetic testing and, where possible, endoscopic examination of participants.Results10.2% of questionnaire respondents (312/3070) were classified as an at‐risk group. Pathobiological CD analysis of this group returned positive test results for 13.5% of participants (42/312), and 0.6% of them (2/312) had CD confirmed by biopsy sample analysis.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that at‐risk groups among children with symptomatic or some oligosymptomatic CD presentations can be identified through adopting a questionnaire as part of a population‐based screening survey, if generally accepted screening programs are inaccessible.
Splenectomy in the management of primary immune‐mediated hemolytic anemia and primary immune‐mediated thrombocytopenia in dogs
Authors: Bestwick Jason P. , Skelly Barbara J. , Swann James W. , Glanemann Barbara , Bexfield Nick , Gkoka Zeta , Walker David J. , Silvestrini Paolo , Adamantos Sophie , Seth Mayank , Warland James 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundCurrent reports about the use of splenectomy for the management of immune‐mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) or immune‐mediated thrombocytopenia (ITP) or both in dogs are limited.ObjectivesTo retrospectively describe the use of splenectomy as part of the management for IMHA, ITP, and concurrent IMHA and severe thrombocytopenia (CIST) in dogs. It was hypothesized that splenectomy would be beneficial in allowing for reduction of dose of immunosuppressive drugs or discontinuation in 1 or more of these groups.AnimalsSeventeen client‐owned dogs (7 with IMHA, 7 with ITP, and 3 with CIST) were identified across 7 UK‐based referral hospitals from a study period of 2005 to 2016.MethodsData were collected retrospectively via questionnaires and included information about diagnosis, management and treatment response before and after splenectomy. Based on clinical outcome, treatment with splenectomy as part of the management protocol was classified as either successful or unsuccessful.ResultsSix of 7 dogs with ITP were managed successfully with splenectomy as part of their management protocol (3 complete and 3 partial responses), although 1 subsequently developed suspected IMHA. Of the 7 dogs with IMHA, splenectomy was part of a successful management protocol in 4 dogs (2 complete and 2 partial responses). In the CIST group, 1 case (1/3) responded completely to management with splenectomy as part of the management protocol.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceSplenectomy was considered successful and well tolerated in most cases of isolated ITP. Whether there is a benefit of splenectomy in cases of IMHA and CIST could not be determined in the current study.
Organizational form and multiple exportable goods in export rivalry trade
Authors: Choi Kangsik 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFocusing on the multiple exportable goods between intrabrand and interbrand competition in the export rivalry market, we analyze foreign firms' endogenous choice of organizational form in the face of tariffs. It is shown that if the degree of intrabrand competition is sufficiently high, firms provide corporate incentives (i.e., U‐form) when goods are substitutes and divisional incentives (i.e., M‐form) when goods are complements, and vice versa. This result relating to the prisoner's dilemma situation depends on which effect between the tariff level and incentive terms dominates. In the case of a low degree of intrabrand competition, choosing the M‐form (U‐form) brings about Pareto efficiency for foreign firms' profits and social welfare in the importing country when goods are substitutes (complements). In contrast to previous studies, when comparing the case of no delegation with the M‐form or U‐form, the Pareto optimum can also be achieved for both foreign firms choosing the M‐form or U‐form endogenously and the importing country, without a prisoner's dilemma involving no delegation.
Genome‐wide transcriptomic changes reveal the genetic pathways involved in insect migration
Authors: Doyle Toby , Jimenez‐Guri Eva , Hawkes Will L. S. , Massy Richard , Mantica Federica , Permanyer Jon , Cozzuto Luca , Hermoso Pulido Toni , Baril Tobias , Hayward Alex , Irimia Manuel , Chapman Jason W. , Bass Chris , Wotton Karl R. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractInsects are capable of extraordinary feats of long‐distance movement that have profound impacts on the function of terrestrial ecosystems. The ability to undertake these movements arose multiple times through the evolution of a suite of traits that make up the migratory syndrome, however the underlying genetic pathways involved remain poorly understood. Migratory hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) are an emerging model group for studies of migration. They undertake seasonal movements in huge numbers across large parts of the globe and are important pollinators, biological control agents and decomposers. Here, we assembled a high‐quality draft genome of the marmalade hoverfly (Episyrphus balteatus). We leveraged this genomic resource to undertake a genome‐wide transcriptomic comparison of actively migrating Episyrphus, captured from a high mountain pass as they flew south to overwinter, with the transcriptomes of summer forms which were non‐migratory. We identified 1543 genes with very strong evidence for differential expression. Interrogation of this gene set reveals a remarkable range of roles in metabolism, muscle structure and function, hormonal regulation, immunity, stress resistance, flight and feeding behaviour, longevity, reproductive diapause and sensory perception. These features of the migrant phenotype have arisen by the integration and modification of pathways such as insulin signalling for diapause and longevity, JAK/SAT for immunity, and those leading to octopamine production and fuelling to boost flight capabilities. Our results provide a powerful genomic resource for future research, and paint a comprehensive picture of global expression changes in an actively migrating insect, identifying key genomic components involved in this important life‐history strategy.
Controversies in verruco papillary lesions of the oral cavity—A systematic review
Authors: Pilana Vithanage Kalani Shihanika Hettiarachchi , Nadisha Piyarathne , Bogahawatte Samarakoon Mudiyanselage Samadarani Siriwardena , Ruwan Duminda Jayasinghe , Sriyani Perera , Tilakaratne Wanninayake Mudiyanselage 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionVerruco papillary lesions (VPL) in the oral cavity encompass a spectrum of lesions starting from benign, potentially malignant to entirely malignant tumors. Much of the controversies in these entities occur due to lack of consensus on the disease characteristics and the management. This systematic review was conducted to identify and describe different lesions categorized as VPL in the oral cavity and their association with malignancy.MethodsAn electronic literature search was conducted in MEDLINE (via PubMed), Scopus, LILAC, IMSEAR, and CENTRAL databases, which retrieved a total of 1020 abstracts. These abstracts were managed through Rayyan and Mendeley software, and only 28 studies with high quality were included in the systematic review.ResultsStudies were published from 1992 to 2021. From the extracted data, nine different entities under the umbrella term VPL were identified associated with malignancy. We describe the clinical and histopathological characteristics of these and propose a uniform framework for nomenclature.ConclusionsLack of well‐planned research with adequate follow‐up duration and inadequate quality standards are major barriers for the lack of evidence. The use of uniform nomenclature, as proposed in this study, and research at the molecular level will greatly reduce the controversies in understanding oral VPL associated with malignancy.
Comprehensive initial evaluation of an innovative yearlong population health internship for undergraduates
Authors: Knott Katherine , Fricas Jennifer 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe innovative Population Health Internship (PHI) addresses the evolving need for baccalaureate‐prepared nurses to achieve population health competency. A comprehensive evaluation of the inaugural year of the PHI was conducted using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Framework for Program Evaluation in Public Health and the Context, Input, Process, Product (CIPP) curricular evaluation model. Students and community agency partners—both key stakeholders—contributed to the evaluation.Methods and resultsQuantitative data were used to address functional and outcome areas of the PHI for purposes of PHI logistics, student learning gains, and program impact and sustainability. Qualitative data were used to provide insights into challenges in instituting curricular change, complexity in student–agency communications, importance of student preparedness/attitude, issues of role confusion, misperceptions about the population health nursing role, student learning, and impacts on partner agencies and their populations.ImplicationsEducational implications include the importance of assessing both learning gains and student buy‐in, the need for a long‐term evaluation approach to accommodate for challenges related to radical curriculum change, and the importance of strong stakeholder support to facilitate mutually beneficial relationships and a positive learning experience.
The Great Recession, Household Income, and Children's Test Scores
Authors: McGovern Mark E. , Rokicki Slawa 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEconomic downturns may have important implications for the educational attainment and human capital accumulation of children. We examine how income losses during the Great Recession were associated with children's educational performance in Ireland, one of the countries most severely affected by the global financial crisis. Using longitudinal data from a nationally representative child cohort study, collected before and after the recession at ages 9 and 13 years, we estimate panel models to examine the impact of income changes on standardized tests. We explore both objective and subjective measures of recession impact, and investigate non‐linearities and effect heterogeneity using quantile regression. While income is strongly associated with educational performance overall, there is little evidence of a short‐run negative impact of income shocks during the Great Recession on children's test scores.
Is it possible to compare inhibitory and excitatory intracortical circuits in face and hand primary motor cortex?
Authors: Ginatempo Francesca , Loi Nicola , Manca Andrea , Rothwell John C. , Deriu Franca 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFace muscles are important in a variety of different functions, such as feeding, speech and communication of non‐verbal affective states, which require quite different patterns of activity from those of a typical hand muscle. We ask whether there are differences in their neurophysiological control that might reflect this. Fifteen healthy individuals were studied. Standard single‐ and paired‐pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) methods were used to compare intracortical inhibitory (short interval intracortical inhibition (SICI); cortical silent period (CSP)) and excitatory circuitries (short interval intracortical facilitation (SICF)) in two typical muscles, the depressor anguli oris (DAO), a face muscle, and the first dorsal interosseous (FDI), a hand muscle. TMS threshold was higher in DAO than in FDI. Over a range of intensities, resting SICF was not different between DAO and FDI, while during muscle activation SICF was stronger in FDI than in DAO (P = 0.012). At rest, SICI was stronger in FDI than in DAO (P = 0.038) but during muscle contraction, SICI was weaker in FDI than in DAO (P = 0.034). We argue that although many of the difference in response to the TMS protocols could result from the difference in thresholds, some, such as the reduction of resting SICI in DAO, may reflect fundamental differences in the physiology of the two muscle groups.
imageKey points
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) single‐ and paired‐pulse protocols were used to investigate and compare the activity of facilitatory and inhibitory intracortical circuits in a face (depressor anguli oris; DAO) and hand (first dorsal interosseous; FDI) muscles. Several TMS intensities and interstimulus intervals were tested with the target muscles at rest and when voluntarily activated.
At rest, intracortical inhibitory activity was stronger in FDI than in DAO. In contrast, during muscle contraction inhibitory activity was stronger in DAO than in FDI. As many previous reports have found, the motor evoked potential threshold was higher in DAO than in FDI.
Although many of the differences in response to the TMS protocols could result from the difference in thresholds, some, such as the reduction of resting short interval intracortical inhibition in DAO, may reflect fundamental differences in the physiology of the two muscle groups.
Factors associated with choroidal microvascular dropout change
Authors: Micheletti Eleonora , Moghimi Sasan , Nishida Takashi , El-Nimri Nevin , Mahmoudinedzah Golnoush , Kamalipour Alireza , Mohammadzadeh Vahid , Zangwill Linda M , Weinreb Robert N 
Published: July 2022

Background/aimsTo investigate the factors associated with choroidal microvasculature drop-out (MvD) enlargement detected by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) in glaucomatous eyes.MethodsNinety-one eyes of 68 primary open-angle glaucoma patients were enrolled. Only eyes with a minimum of four good quality OCT-A and OCT scans of the optic nerve head acquired at least and with a minimum of 2 years follow-up were included. Area and angular circumference of MvD were analysed on en face images. Univariable and multivariable mixed effects models were constructed to identify the factors contributing to MvD area and angular circumference change over time.ResultsPeripapillary MvD was detected in 53 (58.2%) eyes at baseline and in an additional 17 (18.6%) eyes during follow-up, whereas MvD was not detected in 21 (23.0 %) eyes during the entire follow-up period. In multivariable analysis, worse baseline visual field (VF) mean deviation (MD) (ß=0.27, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.44, p=0.002), greater intraocular pressure (IOP) fluctuations (ß=0.86, 95% CI 0.24 to 1.48, p=0.007), higher peak IOP (ß=0.17, 95% CI −0.01 to 0.35, p=0.067) and greater number of IOP lowering medications (ß=1.36, 95% CI 0.67 to 2.05, p<0.001) were associated with faster MvD area enlargement. Worse baseline VF MD and greater IOP fluctuation were also associated with significantly faster MvD circumferential enlargement in multivariable models.ConclusionGreater IOP fluctuation, higher peak IOP, worse baseline VF MD and greater number of glaucoma medications were significantly associated with MvD enlargement in glaucomatous eyes. The identification of factors associated with MvD enlargement may improve our understanding of the role of choroidal vasculature in glaucoma.
Morbidity and mortality patterns of preterm low birthweight neonates admitted to referral hospitals in the Amhara region of Ethiopia: retrospective follow-up study
Authors: Genie Yalemtsehay Dagnaw , Kebede Belete Fenta , Silesh Zerihun Mulualem , Tilahun Beyene Desalew 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the morbidity and mortality patterns of preterm neonates with low birth weight admitted in the Amhara region referral hospitals in Ethiopia.DesignHospital-based retrospective follow-up study.SettingAmhara region referral hospitals, Ethiopia.ParticipantsA total of 291 preterm neonates low birth weight that were admitted to referral hospitals in the Amhara region between 1 January 2017 and 30 December 2018 were reviewed. Data were entered into Epi-data V.4.4.2.1 and exported to STATA V.14 for analysis, and variables with a p value of <0.05 at 95% confidence level in multivariable logistic regression model analysis were declared as statistically significant associated factors of mortality.Primary outcomeMorbidity and mortality patterns in preterm low birthweight neonates.ResultsThis study revealed that 37.8% (95% CI 32.4% to 43.5%) of preterm low birthweight neonates died. The most common morbidities found were 219 (75.26%) hypothermia, followed by 201 (69.07%), 145 (49.83%), 39 (13.4%) and 24 (8.25%) with sepsis, respiratory distress, jaundice and congenital anomalies, respectively. Sepsis (AOR: 2.0; 95% CI 1.03 to 3.89), respiratory distress (AOR: 4.6; 95% CI 2.51 to 8.40), hypoglycaemia (AOR 3.91; 95% CI 1.09 to 10.52), APGAR score at fifth minute <7 (AOR 0.39; 95% CI (0.18 to 0.82) and duration of hospital stay below mean (<9.82 days) (AOR 0.17; 95% CI 0.09 to 0.33) were associated with mortality.ConclusionThe mortality rate of preterm low birthweight neonates was high, indicating that this is a public health issue. Hypothermia, sepsis, respiratory distress, jaundice and congenital anomalies were the common morbidities. Sepsis, respiratory distress, hypoglycaemia, Apgar score at fifth minute <7 and duration of hospital stay below the mean were independent factors of mortality. However, these need to be further investigated in future research and appropriately addressed using prospective follow-up.
Programmes to support transitions in community care for children with complex care needs: a scoping review
Authors: Breneol Sydney , Doucet Shelley , McIsaac Jessie-Lee , Riveroll Angela , Cassidy Christine , Charlton Patricia , McCulloch Holly , McKibbon Shelley , Luke Alison , Splane Jennifer , Curran Janet A 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveThis scoping review aimed to map the range of programmes in the literature to support children and youth with complex care needs and their families during transitions in care in the community.DesignA scoping review of the literature.ContextThis review included programmes that supported the transition in care to home and between settings in the community.Data sourcesWe implemented our strategy to search five databases: (1) PubMed; (2) CINAHL; (3) ERIC; (4) PyscINFO and (5) Social Work Abstracts. The search was last implemented on 29 April 2021.Study selectionOur search results were imported into Covidence Systematic Review Software. First, two reviewers assessed titles and abstracts against our eligibility criteria. Relevant articles were then retrieved in full and reviewed by two reviewers for inclusion. Disagreements were resolved by a third reviewer.Data extractionRelevant data were extracted related to population, concept, context, methods and key findings pertinent to our review objective.ResultsA total of 2482 records were identified. After our two-stage screening process, a total of 27 articles were included for analysis. Articles ranged in the type of transitions being supported and target population. The most common transition reported was the hospital-to-home transition. Intervention components primarily consisted of care coordination using a teams-based approach. The most reported barriers and enablers to implementing these transition care programmes were related to physical opportunities.LimitationsIncluded articles were limited to English and French.ConclusionsThis review identified important gaps within the literature, as well as areas for future consideration to ensure the effective development and implementation of programmes to support children and youth with complex care needs during transitions in care.