bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increasing yield of in vitro transcription reaction with at‐line high pressure liquid chromatography monitoring
Authors: Pregeljc Domen , Skok Janja , Vodopivec Tina , Mencin Nina , Krušič Andreja , Ličen Jure , Nemec Kristina Š. , Štrancar Aleš , Sekirnik Rok 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic triggered an unprecedented rate of development of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccines, which are produced by in vitro transcription reactions. The latter has been the focus of intense development to increase productivity and decrease cost. Optimization of in vitro transcription (IVT) depends on understanding the impact of individual reagents on the kinetics of mRNA production and the consumption of building blocks, which is hampered by slow, low‐throughput, end‐point analytics. We implemented a workflow based on rapid at‐line high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) monitoring of consumption of nucleoside triphosphates (NTPs) with concomitant production of mRNA, with a sub‐3 min read‐out, allowing for adjustment of IVT reaction parameters with minimal time lag. IVT was converted to fed‐batch resulting in doubling the reaction yield compared to batch IVT protocol, reaching 10 mg/ml for multiple constructs. When coupled with exonuclease digestion, HPLC analytics for quantification of mRNA was extended to monitoring capping efficiency of produced mRNA. When HPLC monitoring was applied to production of an anti‐reverse cap analog (ARCA)‐capped mRNA construct, which requires an approximate 4:1 ARCA:guanidine triphosphate ratio, the optimized fed‐batch approach achieved productivity of 9 mg/ml with 79% capping. The study provides a methodological platform for optimization of factors influencing IVT reactions, converting the reaction from batch to fed‐batch mode, determining reaction kinetics, which are critical for optimization of continuous addition of reagents, thus in principle enabling continuous manufacturing of mRNA.
Crude Extracts and Secondary Metabolites of Epichloë bromicola against Phytophthora infestans
Authors: Li Fan , Mei Da‐Hai , Ren Ting , Song Qiu‐Yan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPotato late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans is still one of the main factors limiting potato production. Epichloë spp. can provide host plants with various resistances, which makes them show great potential in the biological control of diseases. In this study, we explored the potential biological activity of crude extracts of 20 strains of Epichloë bromicola to control P. infestans. The crude extracts of strains 1 and 8 showed significant antifungal activity with an inhibition rate of 88 % and 81 %, respectively, and showed different effects on the mycelium morphology of P. infestans observed by scanning electron microscopy. Moreover, the two crude extracts demonstrated an interesting therapeutic and protective effect on potato late blight, and none of the extracts had an adverse effect against zebrafish embryos. A total of 13 metabolites were isolated from the crude extract of strain 8, and these tested compounds showed a weak antifungal effect and the inhibition rate was less than 80 %. These findings suggested that strains 1 and 8 have potential for biocontrol of late potato blight.
Sporotrichoid lymphocutaneous pattern in a fish‐merchant under immunosuppressant medications: Clues to differential diagnoses
Authors: Khadka Dhan Keshar , Acharya Ripala , Agrawal Sudha 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSporotrichoid‐lymphocutaneous‐pattern is classically seen in sporotrichosis, though also present in other infections like atypical mycobacteriosis and leishmaniasis. Cutaneous atypical mycobacterial infection presents as localized lesions in immunocompetent and is widespread in immunosuppressed patients. Here, we present a case of sporotrichoid‐lymphocutaneous infection due to atypical mycobacteria, in a fish‐seller under immunosuppressants.
The Thermal Conductivity Tensor of β‐Ga2O3 from 300 to 1275 K
Authors: Klimm Detlef , Amgalan Binderiya , Ganschow Steffen , Kwasniewski Albert , Galazka Zbigniew , Bickermann Matthias 
Published: December 2022

AbstractLaser‐flash measurements of the thermal conductivity of Czochralski‐grown β‐Ga2O3 single crystals are reported perpendicular to four independent crystallographic lattice planes , (010), (001), and (100) between room temperature and 1200 K. λ is represented by a symmetric tensor of rank 2 and has four independent components. Tensor components W m−1 K−1 and W m−1 K−1 (values for 300 K) can be directly measured. W m−1 K−1 and W m−1 K−1, instead, are obtained by combining W m−1 K and W m−1 K. The crystallographic ‐axis is the direction with the highest thermal conductivity, λ22. The thermal conductivity assumes its lowest value (11.73 W m−1 K−1) in a direction close to the crystallographic ‐axis. However, this direction does not coincide with , and changes with temperature.
The dual role of CD70 in B‐cell lymphomagenesis
Authors: Nie Man , Ren Weicheng , Ye Xiaofei , Berglund Mattias , Wang Xianhuo , Fjordén Karin , Du Likun , Giannoula Yvonne , Lei Dexin , Su Wenjia , Li Wei , Liu Dongbing , Linderoth Johan , Jiang Chengyi , Bao Huijing , Jiang Wenqi , Huang Huiqiang , Hou Yong , Zhu Shida , Enblad Gunilla , Jerkeman Mats , Wu Kui , Zhang Huilai , Amini Rose‐Marie , Li Zhi‐Ming , Pan‐Hammarström Qiang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundCD70 is a costimulatory molecule that is transiently expressed on a small set of activated lymphocytes and is involved in T‐cell‐mediated immunity. However, the role of CD70 in B‐cell malignancies remains controversial.MethodsWe investigated the clinical relevance of CD70 genetic alterations and its protein expression in two diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cohorts with different ethnic backgrounds. We also performed transcriptomic analysis to explore the role of CD70 alterations in tumour microenvironment. We further tested the blockade of CD70 in combination with PD‐L1 inhibitor in a murine lymphoma model.ResultsWe showed that CD70 genetic aberrations occurred more frequently in the Chinese DLBCL cohort (56/233, 24.0%) than in the Swedish cohort (9/84, 10.8%), especially in those with concomitant hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. The CD70 genetic changes in DLBCL resulted in a reduction/loss of protein expression and/or CD27 binding, which might impair T cell priming and were independently associated with poor overall survival. Paradoxically, we observed that over‐expression of CD70 protein was also associated with a poor treatment response, as well as an advanced disease stage and EBV infection. More exhausted CD8+ T cells were furthermore identified in CD70 high‐expression DLBCLs. Finally, in a murine lymphoma model, we demonstrated that blocking the CD70/CD27 and/or PD1/PD‐L1 interactions could reduce CD70+ lymphoma growth in vivo, by directly impairing the tumour cell proliferation and rescuing the exhausted T cells.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that CD70 can play a role in either tumour suppression or oncogenesis in DLBCL, likely via distinct immune evasion mechanisms, that is, impairing T cell priming or inducing T cell exhaustion. Characterisation of specific dysfunction of CD70 in DLBCL may thus provide opportunities for the development of novel targeted immuno‐therapeutic strategies.
Evaluating the accuracy of unmanned aerial systems to quantify glacial ice habitats of harbor seals in Alaska
Authors: Pegus Courtney , Atkinson Shannon , Quinn Terry , Pyare Sanjay 
Published: December 2022

AbstractLong‐term monitoring programs to evaluate climate‐driven changes to tidewater glaciers, an important habitat for harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) in Alaska, are primarily carried out by costly, weather‐dependent aerial surveys from fixed‐winged aircraft. Unmanned aerial systems (UAS) can be an alternative cost‐effective solution for gathering image data to quantify, monitor, and manage these habitats. However, there is a paucity of information related to the accuracy of using imagery collected by UAS for purposes of measuring floating icebergs. We evaluated the accuracy of using a UAS with a built‐in 20‐megapixel (MP) camera as well as a consumer‐grade digital 16‐MP camera to capture images of floating and stationary icebergs for the purpose of collecting vertical height measurements. Images (n = 869) were captured of simulated icebergs (cuboidal foam boxes, Cb) (n = 5) and real icebergs (n = 5) that were either grounded or floating. The mean error ratios (Ers) obtained were less than 10% and derived by comparing the mean calculated measurements of heights of Cb obtained from images captured by UAS with the physically measured heights of these Cb. The mean Er for height measurements of grounded icebergs (n = 4) and one floating iceberg was also less than 10%. Within an object–image distance range of 6–25 m, the cameras captured images that were suitable to accurately calculate the heights of floating and grounded objects, and drift or uncontrolled movement of the UAS caused by wind or temporary loss of GPS did not have any effect on measurement error. Our study provides substantial evidence of the accuracy associated with using images captured by UAS for measuring dimensions of structures positioned on either water or land surfaces. Ultimately, accurate surveys of glacial ice used by harbor seals will improve our understanding of the role of decreasing habitat in explaining population variability between different tidewater glaciers.
Exo‐ and endo‐Isomers of Plumbylenes Supported by 1,3‐Diethers of Calix[4]arene
Authors: Kuriki Ryunosuke , Ishii Youichi , Kuwabara Takuya 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCalix[4]arene‐plumbylene complexes Pb[Calixt‐Bu(O)2(OR)2], where R=benzyl, 9‐fluorenyl, SitBuMe2, and SiiPr3, have been synthesized by the reaction of Lappert's plumbylene Pb[N(SiMe3)2]2 with the corresponding 1,3‐diethers of calix[4]arene. The products have been fully characterized by 1H, 13C{1H}, and 207Pb NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and X‐ray diffraction analysis. The products adopt two different forms depending on the R groups: the alkyl derivatives were obtained as exo‐isomers in which the lead atom resides outside the cavity of the calix[4]arene, while the silyl derivatives were isolated as endo‐isomers where the lead atom is situated inside the cavity. X‐ray diffraction studies revealed that the lead(II) atoms in the exo‐ and endo‐isomers are coordinated by the ethereal oxygen atoms (OR) and the aromatic rings (ArOR), respectively, which are maintained in solution as evidenced by 207Pb NMR studies.
From past pain to future pain through the pain of others: Information about other people's pain ratings can alleviate our subsequent pain
Authors: Bajcar Elżbieta A. , Bieniek Helena , Brączyk Justyna , Bąbel Przemysław 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have shown that pain memories have a profound impact on subsequent pain experiences. This study investigated whether pain ratings derived from other people can modify an individual's memory of past pain. This study also examined whether pain memory modified by others' pain ratings determines subsequent pain experiences.MethodsParticipants were divided into two groups: an experimental group and a control group. Participants in both groups were exposed to pain stimulation; then, they recalled its intensity twice over a period of time; after a break, they were again exposed to pain stimulation of the same intensity. The final sample consisted of 53 participants. The only difference between the experimental group and the control group was that in the former the pain ratings of other alleged participants were presented between the two consecutive pain recalls. These ratings suggested that other people experienced the same pain as less intense.ResultsThe pain ratings derived from other people did not alter the pain memory; nevertheless, they affected an individual's next pain experience even for a certain period of time after their presentation. This type of pain‐related information shaped participants' subsequent pain experiences regardless of their empathy, conformity, and susceptibility to social influence.ConclusionsInformation on pain derived from other people not only shapes the response to a novel stimulation but also substantially modifies the subsequent experience of that stimulation.SignificanceThe study demonstrates the importance of social information on pain and provides evidence that this type of information substantially modifies the subsequent experience of the same pain. These results suggest that social information on pain can be used to alleviate pain associated with recurring medical procedures and thus increase patients' willingness to continue treatment.
Edge server placement for offloading real‐time statistics tasks of bus passenger
Authors: Xu Haitao , Guo Zhihui , Shang Ziliang , Zhao Ji , Dai Hui 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWith the continuous development of smart bus systems, higher requirements are expected for the accuracy and timeliness of the real‐time statistics of bus passengers. Although the statistical method of image and video processing based on deep learning has higher accuracy, it has higher requirements on the computing power and hardware equipment of the computer. A traditional solution is cloud computing, but cloud computing cannot meet real‐time requirements due to long‐distance transmission. In order to meet the real‐time demand, it can be offloaded to the edge of the network and processed by edge servers. In edge computing, the location of the edge server will have a great impact on the access delay and the traffic load in the edge network. Currently, few people optimize the traffic load in the edge network during the placement process. In view of this, an edge server placement algorithm for task offloading, named ESPTO, is designed to balance the average delay and traffic load under the control of each edge server while minimizing the average delay and traffic load in the edge network. First, a decomposition‐based multi‐objective evolutionary algorithm (MOEA/D) is used to find a better set of placement strategies, and then the optimal placement strategy is obtained through TOPSIS. Experimental results based on the Hangzhou bus station dataset prove the effectiveness of ESPTO.
Characteristics of in situ synthesized activated carbon and metal‐organic framework composites for CH4/N2 gas mixture separation
Authors: Zheng Yuannan , Li Qingzhao , Yu Guofeng , Jiang Bingyou , Ren Bo , Wang Shiju 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this study, activated carbon and metal‐organic framework composites were synthesized by in situ hydrothermal method, and the surface morphology, physicochemical structure and adsorption performance of the materials were tested. Moreover, the competitive adsorption characteristics of CH4/N2 gas mixture on the materials MIL‐101, DFAC‐MIL‐101 and NMAC‐MIL‐101 were predicted based on the ideal adsorption solution theory (IAST). Results show that the rod‐like fibers formed after doping with activated carbon did not affect the crystal structure of the metal‐organic framework material but caused the unevenness and passivation of the crystal surface, and the crystal size of MIL‐101 was significantly decreased due to which the micropores of the composite material were more developed, while the mesopores and macropores were decreased accordingly. Meanwhile, the micropore size of MIL‐101 and Ac‐MIL‐101 composite materials were mainly distributed around 0.9, 1.2 and 1.7 nm. The adsorption isotherms of these three materials for CH4 and N2 had typical type I characteristics, and the adsorption selectivity S for binary CH4/N2 gas mixture is greater than 2. Doping activated carbon could properly control the structure of MIL‐101 crystals and improved the selectivity effectively, which provides a certain guiding significance for the structure regulation and application of MIL‐101 metal‐organic framework materials. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Myomucosal island flap in the reconstruction of oral cavity defects: Description of the surgical technique
Authors: Copelli Chiara , Manfuso Alfonso , Di Maio Pasquale , Garzino‐Demo Paolo , Iocca Oreste 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMultiple options are available for the reconstruction of the defects of the oral cavity. Among these, the facial artery myomucosal island flap (FAMMIF) is a pedicled flap composed by cheek mucosa, submucosa, and part of the buccinator muscle. The FAMMIF is ideal for the reconstruction of small‐to‐moderate defects of the oral cavity and the oropharynx. This is due to low operating time, low morbidity, and good functional and aesthetic results. A step‐by‐step description of the flap harvesting is presented, with particular attention to flap design, identification of the vessels, harvesting of the myomucosal island, tunnel preparation for its passage in the neck and back to the oral cavity, and closure of the cheek donor site with the buccal fat pad.
Macroeconomic forecasting in times of crises
Authors: Guerróon‐Quintana Pablo , Zhong Molin 
Published: December 2022

SummaryWe propose a parsimonious semiparametric method for macroeconomic forecasting. Based on ideas of clustering and similarity, we partition the series into blocks, search for the closest blocks to the latest block of observations, and forecast with the matched blocks. In a real‐time forecasting exercise, we show that our approach does especially well for labor market and other key macro variables. Our method outperforms parametric linear, nonlinear, time‐varying, and combination forecasts for the period 1999–2015 and particularly in the Great Recession. When adding financial spreads, our method delivers further improvements for labor market variables and capacity utilization.
Robots or humans for disaster response? Impact on consumer prosociality and possible explanations
Authors: Chen Fangyuan , Huang Szu‐chi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHurricanes, wildfires, pandemics, and other disasters have taken millions of lives in the past few years and caused substantial economic losses. To tackle these extraordinary circumstances, governments, organizations, and companies seek assistance from both humans and high‐technology machines such as robots. This research report documents how highlighting robots' (vs. humans') helping behaviors in disaster response can affect consumers' prosociality, explores driving mechanisms, and tests solutions. Study 1 found that consumers donated fewer items of clothing after watching news highlighting robots' (vs. humans') assistance in a mudslide disaster. Featuring the COVID‐19 pandemic, Study 2 further showed that this decrease in prosociality occurred because reading about robots' assistance felt less encouraging/inspiring to consumers. Studies 3A‐3C (and a supplemental study) explored multiple mechanisms and identified a key driver for the backfire effect—a lower perception of courage in disaster response robots. Accordingly, Study 4 tested three theory‐driven solutions to raise the perceived courage in robots to increase consumer prosociality.
Tiered discounts as multiple reference points for spending
Authors: Cheng Andong , Ross Gretchen R. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTiered discounts offer larger discounts as consumers meet higher spending thresholds (e.g., spend $100+, receive 10% off; spend $200+, receive 20% off). This research investigates how consumers treat these multiple dollar thresholds as reference points for spending. We find that tiered discounts with smaller increments between thresholds encourage higher spending compared to those with larger increments. This effect occurs because consumers treat thresholds as motivational spending goals when the distance to higher thresholds is smaller (vs. larger). Consistent with this reasoning, signaling goal progress (i.e., displaying cart amount while shopping) attenuates the spending difference smaller versus larger increment sizes yield. Additionally, the effect of tier increment size on spending is more prominent for maximizers. From a theoretical perspective, this work contributes to our understanding of how individuals process multiple reference points within a single promotion and identifies that spending thresholds in price promotions may be treated as spending goals. From a managerial perspective, this work investigates the relationship between tiered discount design and consumer spending.
MRI Assessment of Cerebral Blood Flow in Nonhospitalized Adults Who Self‐Isolated Due to COVID‐19
Authors: Kim William S. H. , Ji Xiang , Roudaia Eugenie , Chen J. Jean , Gilboa Asaf , Sekuler Allison , Gao Fuqiang , Lin Zhongmin , Jegatheesan Aravinthan , Masellis Mario , Goubran Maged , Rabin Jennifer S. , Lam Benjamin , Cheng Ivy , Fowler Robert , Heyn Chris , Black Sandra E. , Graham Simon J. , MacIntosh Bradley J. 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundNeurological symptoms associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), such as fatigue and smell/taste changes, persist beyond infection. However, little is known of brain physiology in the post‐COVID‐19 timeframe.PurposeTo determine whether adults who experienced flu‐like symptoms due to COVID‐19 would exhibit cerebral blood flow (CBF) alterations in the weeks/months beyond infection, relative to controls who experienced flu‐like symptoms but tested negative for COVID‐19.Study TypeProspective observational.PopulationA total of 39 adults who previously self‐isolated at home due to COVID‐19 (41.9 ± 12.6 years of age, 59% female, 116.5 ± 62.2 days since positive diagnosis) and 11 controls who experienced flu‐like symptoms but had a negative COVID‐19 diagnosis (41.5 ± 13.4 years of age, 55% female, 112.1 ± 59.5 since negative diagnosis).Field Strength and SequencesA 3.0 T; T1‐weighted magnetization‐prepared rapid gradient and echo‐planar turbo gradient‐spin echo arterial spin labeling sequences.AssessmentArterial spin labeling was used to estimate CBF. A self‐reported questionnaire assessed symptoms, including ongoing fatigue. CBF was compared between COVID‐19 and control groups and between those with (n = 11) and without self‐reported ongoing fatigue (n = 28) within the COVID‐19 group.Statistical TestsBetween‐group and within‐group comparisons of CBF were performed in a voxel‐wise manner, controlling for age and sex, at a family‐wise error rate of 0.05.ResultsRelative to controls, the COVID‐19 group exhibited significantly decreased CBF in subcortical regions including the thalamus, orbitofrontal cortex, and basal ganglia (maximum cluster size = 6012 voxels and maximum t‐statistic = 5.21). Within the COVID‐19 group, significant CBF differences in occipital and parietal regions were observed between those with and without self‐reported on‐going fatigue.Data ConclusionThese cross‐sectional data revealed regional CBF decreases in the COVID‐19 group, suggesting the relevance of brain physiology in the post‐COVID‐19 timeframe. This research may help elucidate the heterogeneous symptoms of the post‐COVID‐19 condition.Evidence Level2.Technical EfficacyStage 3.