bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interprofessional Pediatric Trauma Resuscitation Simulation
Authors: Dorman Robert James , Ciurzynski Susan M. , Wakeman Derek S. 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionSuccessful resuscitation of pediatric trauma patients requires a team of individuals to come together to provide coordinated, efficient care to the injured child. Lack of specific education in team dynamics and trauma resuscitation skills, combined with a constantly changing membership of pediatric trauma teams, creates barriers to excellence in care delivery. Therefore, it is essential for teams to practice these high-risk, low-volume skills to establish and maintain competency.MethodsAn online educational program consisting of team dynamic training, hospital-specific trauma roles/responsibilities, and exposure to a trauma resuscitation checklist was delivered to 40 interprofessional participants who were representative of the pediatric trauma team. Team members then attended an in-situ simulation of two pediatric trauma resuscitation scenarios.ResultsForty interprofessional team members participated in the program. Education and simulations were well received by the overwhelming majority of participants, with mean scores for achievement of program objectives ranging from 4.75 to 4.85 based on a Likert scale from 1 to 5. Logistical details such as scheduling, equipment setup and takedown, stakeholder buy-in, and validation for continued program funding were determined to be sustainable in that the overall program was not labor intensive, the scheduling system was user friendly, and the financial impact was minimal.DiscussionThis project provided participants with a baseline of education and the opportunity to practice pediatric trauma resuscitation using simulated scenarios that allowed for assessment of team functioning and clinical performance. The results reinforced the acceptance of interprofessional education and identified subject matter for future educational programs.
Hearing Preservation in Observed Sporadic Vestibular Schwannoma: A Systematic Review
Authors: Khandalavala Karl R. , Saba Elias S. , Kocharyan Armine , Daher Ghazal S. , Lohse Christine M. , Marinelli John P. , Carlson Matthew L. 
Published: March 2022

Objective
To characterize the natural history of hearing loss for patients presenting with serviceable hearing (SH) who undergo a wait-and-scan approach for sporadic vestibular schwannoma (VS) using aggregate time-to-event survival analysis.

Study Design
Systematic review.

Setting
Published international English literature, January 1, 2000 to May 31, 2020.

Patients
Patients with sporadic VS entering a wait-and-scan approach with SH at diagnosis.

Interventions
Observation with serial MRI and audiometry.

Results
In total, 3,652 patients from 26 studies were included for analysis. Mean age at diagnosis was 58.8 years (SD, 4.1). Mean follow-up was 49.2 months (SD, 26.5). In total, 755 patients (21%) failed conservative treatment and underwent radiosurgery or microsurgery at the time of last follow-up. The average loss to follow-up was 6.9% (SD, 11.1). A total of 1,674 patients had SH at the time of diagnosis. Survival rates for maintaining SH were 96% at 1 year, 77% at 3 years, 62% at 5 years, and 42% at 10 years following diagnosis.

Conclusion
In this systematic review, aggregate data from 3,652 patients across 26 studies show consistent patterns in progression of hearing loss during observation for patients with sporadic VS as a function of time. As an easy-toremember conservative benchmark for those presenting with SH at diagnosis: approximately 75% retain SH at 3 years, 60% at 5 years, and 40% at 10 years.
Cochlear Implant Outcomes in CHARGE Syndrome: Updated Perspectives
Authors: Kay-Rivest Emily , McMenomey Sean O. , Jethanamest Daniel , Thomas Roland J. , Shapiro William H. , Waltzman Susan B. , Friedmann David R. 
Published: March 2022

Objective
To evaluate outcomes of auditory implants in children with CHARGE syndrome and describe the evolution in management of hearing loss in this complex population.

Methods
A retrospective case review was performed at a tertiary referral center. Children with CHARGE syndrome who received either a cochlear implant (CI) or auditory brainstem implant (ABI) were included. Clinical records, demographic information, CHARGE features, neuroimaging, audiology, hearing rehabilitation interventions, operative notes, and outcomes were reviewed.

Results
Thirteen children with CHARGE syndrome underwent a total of 19 cochlear implants between 2008 and 2020. Among the congenitally deafened children (n = 9), six underwent bilateral implantation (five simultaneous and one sequential). Bilateral implantation was performed even in the presence of diminutive-appearing cochlear nerves. The average age of implantation was 1.1 years, and the mean device use time was 9.4 hours per day. Patients showed improvements in subjective family assessment related to hearing. In this group, two patients use oral communication, five use total communication, and two use sign language exclusively. Among the children with progressive hearing loss, the mean age of hearing deterioration was 4.4 years of age, and the device use time on average was 9.8 hours per day. The highest performer in the cohort was a child who lost hearing in their only hearing ear at age 4 and had normal cochleovestibular anatomy on that side. One child received an auditory brainstem implant at age two after deriving no benefit from a CI and can detect environmental sounds but is currently a nonuser. Over time, we noted that implantation occurred earlier in life and that practice has shifted toward bilateral implantation.

Conclusions
Compared to a previous institutional cohort, children evaluated in this study were often implanted at a younger age and bilaterally with significantly improved outcomes. A CI evaluation should be considered in children with CHARGE syndrome to maximize sensory input and auditory ability.
Barriers to Pediatric Osseointegrated Bone-Conduction Hearing Devices
Authors: Koenigs Maria B. , Behzadpour Hengameh K. , Harrington Chloe B. , Prado Leslie , Gorelik Daniel , Woolman Karen , Rana Md Sohel , Preciado Diego A. , Reilly Brian K. 
Published: March 2022

Objective:
To identify social, demographic, and clinical barriers for implantation with Osseointegrated Bone Conduction Devices (OBCD) in pediatric candidates.

Study Design:
Retrospective cohort study of 94 children who met standard OBCD implantation criteria.

Setting:
Tertiary stand-alone children's hospital.

Materials and Methods:
Retrospective chart review comparing demographic (age, race, state of residence, and insurance) and clinical (severity and etiology of hearing loss, medical comorbidities, and early intervention) factors impacting implantation. Members of the existing cohort were then contacted to obtain a better understanding of qualitative factors impacting surgical decision.

Results:
Of the identified 94 surgical candidates, 47 (50%) underwent OBCD implantation. State of residence significantly impacted implantation rates, with children from the District of Columbia and Virginia being less likely to receive an implant than those from Maryland. Private insurance, race, and ethnicity did not impact rate of implantation (OR 2.8 [95% CI 0.78–10]; 1.34 [95% CI 0.44–3.68]; and 1.0 [95% CI 0.42–2.43], respectively). Children with anotia or microtia and children younger than 10 years old were less likely to have an implant (OR 10.6 (95% CI 1.74–65). Thirty-nine children participated in the qualitative portion. Themes that emerged as reasons to forgo implantation included a child's young age, planned reconstruction for microtia or atresia, and overall device functionality and usage. Thirtyseven children (39%) of the cohort declined surgery and currently wear a nonsurgical bone conduction aid regularly.

Conclusion:
Despite known benefits of implantation, only one-half of children who were candidates underwent OBCD. Unlike cochlear implantation, where insurance status is a major risk factor for implantation delay and underperformance, for OBCD, implantation barriers appear to be more multifactorial and include medical, demographic, and social factors.
Measles seroprevalence in human immunodeficiency virus-infected adults born in the era of measles vaccination
Authors: Lefebvre Maeva , Secher Solène , Bouchez Sabelline , Vandamme Yves-Marie , Fialaire Pascale , Leautez Sophie , Blanchi Sophie , Michau Christophe , Coste-Burel Marianne , Brunet-Cartier Cécile , Reliquet Véronique , Gregoire Antoine , Raffi François , Allavena Clotilde ,   on behalf of the VIHStaRouge study group∗
Published: March 2022

Objective:
Widespread use of the measles vaccine should lead to the elimination of this disease. Here, we study the seroprevalence of measles in a cohort of adults living with HIV born after the introduction of measles vaccine in France and attempt to identify risk factors for the absence of serum measles antibody.

Design:
In this multi-centre cross-sectional study, adult outpatients born after 1980 were screened for the presence of measles IgG antibody. Demographic and clinical data were obtained from the standardized electronic medical record system. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were performed to identify factors associated with the absence of measles antibodies.

Results:
Between April 2019 and April 2020, 648 participants were enrolled. The median age was 33 years, 53.6% were born outside of France, and 74% were considered as socially deprived. Plasma HIV RNA was undetectable in 86% of patients. Among 603 evaluable patients, measles serology was positive in 87.2%. Only 81.8% of the patients with documented vaccination tested positive for measles IgG. Younger age was significantly associated with the absence of measles serum antibodies (P = 0.004 for each 10-year lower), as was birth in France (P < 0.001) and absence of social vulnerability (P = 0.04).

Conclusion:
The current study revealed a low seroprevalence of measles compared with that previously reported in France 6 years earlier and to the expected rate to achieve herd immunity. Checking vaccination record should be systematically carried out in patients living with HIV to fill the immunity gaps.
Clinical Features and Outcomes of Patients with Orbital Schwannoma
Authors: Park Na Ri , Kim Sung Eun , Jung Su-Kyung , Cho Won-Kyung , Paik Ji-Sun , Yang Suk-Woo 
Published: March 2022

Purpose:
To report the clinical features, treatment, and outcome of 11 patients with orbital schwannoma in Korean patients.

Methods:
The medical records of 11 orbital schwannoma patients treated between April 2007 and April 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. The demographic data, clinical characteristics, radiological features, and outcomes were reviewed.

Results:
The mean age at the time of diagnosis was 49.00 ± 14.45 years. The most common initial symptom was ocular protrusion (n = 7), and other symptoms were decreased visual acuity (n = 5), restriction of eye movement (n = 4), swelling (n = 3), and pain (n = 2). Locations of tumors were superomedial; followed by the orbital apex and inferolateral. The most common shape seen in our patients was beads like multilobulated appearance; followed by a round, oval, fusiform, and dumbbell shape. MRI of T1-weighted revealed isointense or hypointense, whereas the T2-weighted indicated hyper or isointense lesion. Five patients had optic neuropathy at presentation, and 1 of them showed improved vision after surgery. Complete or incomplete excision was performed for all. Surgical complications include decreased vision and paraesthesia. There has been no recurrence to date.

Conclusions:
Orbital schwannoma is a rare disease and it is difficult to distinguish it from other orbital tumors because the initial symptoms are nonspecific. Differential diagnosis by combining the shape, location, and contrast enhancement findings seen on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging can be helpful in surgical treatment. Complete excision gives the best results without recurrence, but if the patient is in an inaccessible location, only surgery to reduce the volume can satisfy the patient without recurrence.
Clinical Application of Three-Dimensional Printing of Polycaprolactone/Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate Implants for Cranial Reconstruction
Authors: Park Hojin , Choi Jong Woo , Jeong Woo Shik 
Published: March 2022

Abstract:
Polycaprolactone (PCL) implants are a biodegradable polymeric material with appropriate mechanical strength and durability for use in cranioplasty. They can be manufactured as patient- customized implants using a three-dimensional (3D) printer. Herein, the authors aimed to share our experience in cranioplasty of patients with deformed and asymmetric skulls using PCL/beta- tricalcium phosphate (ß-TCP) implants.
Seven patients underwent cranioplasty using patient-specific PCL/ß-TCP implants. Cranial computed tomography images were converted to a 3D model and mirrored to design a patient-specific implant. Based on the 3D simulation, an implant was 3D printed using PCL/ß-TCP. A 6-month follow-up was conducted with periodic visits and computed tomography scans. Symmetry after surgery and complications were evaluated.
Postoperatively, the soft tissue volumes increased to 15.8 ± 17.2 cm3 and 14.9 ± 15.7 cm3 at 2 weeks and 6 months of follow-up, respectively. The volume change from 2 weeks to 6 months was —4.4 ± 2.5%. Six patients achieved complete symmetry after cranioplasty, whereas 1 patient noticed partial symmetry. The symmetry remained unchanged at 6 months of follow-up. Upon palpation to assess smoothness, 6 patients exhibited a smooth edge interface, whereas 1 patient had a slightly irregular edge.
Based on these findings, 3D-printed PCL/ß-TCP implants are an excellent material for cranioplasty, and a favorable cosmetic outcome can be achieved. Specifically, these novel PCL/ß-TCP implants have good biocompatibility and mechanical strength without any postoperative foreign body reaction.
Reliability of Anterior Nasal Spine as a Reference Point After LeFort I Surgery Using Three-Dimensional Analysis
Authors: Jung Seoyeon , Kim Jun-Young , Jung Young-Soo , Jung Hwi-Dong 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
To evaluate the stability of maxilla following orthognathic surgery, it is necessary to consider the positional change of various landmarks according to bone remodeling of the maxilla. This study aimed to evaluate the stability of the anterior nasal spine (ANS) as a reliable landmark after orthognathic surgery. Forty-seven patients with skeletal class III malocclusion who underwent bimaxillary orthognathic surgery were included. Skeletal changes were measured using cone-beam computerized tomography at 3 time points: preoperative (T0), 1-month postoperative (T1), and 12-month postoperative (T2). Linear changes of the 6 landmark points of the maxilla were measured in 3 directions: anteroposterior, vertical, and transverse. The data were analyzed with paired t tests, independent t tests, and multiple regression analysis. At 12-month postoperatively, the ANS showed mean (standard deviation) 1.23 (1.07) mm posterior movement (P =
0.00), while other landmarks did not show positional changes, implying bony resorption of ANS. Multiple regression test showed surgical forward movements of ANS (T1-0) affect the postoperative backward changes (β = –0.05, P < 0.05). There was a negative correlation between the surgical movement and postoperative change of ANS by Pearson correlation test (r = –0.38, P < 0.05). The ANS is not a reliable measurement point in three-dimensional superimposition after orthognathic surgery. Therefore, in studying the stability and positional change pattern after LeFort I surgery, it is not recommended to use ANS as a reference point, as changes can occur in the measurement point itself.
A novel animal model of primary blast lung injury and its pathological changes in mice
Authors: Meng Xiang-Yan , Lu Qian-Ying , Zhang Jian-Feng , Li Jun-Feng , Shi Ming-Yu , Huang Si-Yu , Yu Si-Fan , Zhao Yan-Mei , Fan Hao-Jun 
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND
Primary blast lung injury (PBLI) is a major cause of death in military conflict and terrorist attacks on civilian populations. However, the mechanisms of PBLI are not well understood, and a standardized animal model is urgently needed. This study aimed to establish an animal model of PBLI for laboratory study.

METHODS
The animal model of PBLI was established using a self-made mini shock tube simulation device. In brief, mice were randomly divided into two groups: the control group and the model group, the model group were suffered 0.5 bar shock pressures. Mice were sacrificed at 2 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours, 12 hours, and 24 hours after injury. Lung tissue gross observation, hematoxylin and eosin staining and lung pathology scoring were performed to evaluated lung tissue damage. Evans blue dye leakage and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid examination were performed to evaluated pulmonary edema. The relative expression levels of inflammation factors were measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting analysis. The release of neutrophil extracellular traps was observed by immunofluorescence stain.

RESULTS
In the model group, the gross observation and hematoxylin and eosin staining assay showed the inflammatory cell infiltration, intra-alveolar hemorrhage, and damaged lung tissue structure. The Evans blue dye and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid examination revealed that the lung tissue permeability and edema was significantly increased after injury. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting assays showed that IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α were upregulated in the model group. Immunofluorescence assay showed that the level of neutrophil extracellular traps in the lung tissue increased significantly in the model group.

CONCLUSION
The self-made mini shock tube simulation device can be used to establish the animal model of PBLI successfully. Pathological changes of PBLI mice were characterized by mechanical damage and inflammatory response in lung tissue.
Determinants of Neonatal Sepsis Admitted In Neonatal Intensive Care Unit At Public Hospitals Of Kaffa Zone, South West Ethiopia
Authors: Belayneh Melesse , Getaneh Gebremariam , Gebretsadik Alemaw 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundNeonatal sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response syndrome in the presence of infection during the first 28 days of life. Globally every year about 4 million children die in the first 4 weeks of life, of which 99% of the deaths occur in low and middle income countries and the most common causes of neonatal death in Ethiopia. Identification of the determinants for neonatal sepsis and treatment of newborns with sepsis is not adequate in low income countries like Ethiopia especially in southern part of the country.ObjectiveTo identify determinants of neonatal sepsis admitted in neonatal intensive care unit at public hospitals of Kaffa zone, south west Ethiopia 2021.MethodsInstitutional based unmatched case control study was conducted on a total sample of 248 (62 cases and 186 controls) in public Hospitals of kaffa zone from March to April 2021.The collected data were entered, coded and cleaned by Epidata version 3.1 and it was exported to SPSS version 25. Bi-variable and multivariable logistic regression was conducted. Variables with (p< 0.25) in bi-variable logistic regression analysis, were entered to multivariable logistic regression and then determinants which is statistical significant will be declared at P<0.05.ResultA total of 248 (62 cases and 186 controls) were included in the study. variables like prolonged rupture of membrane ≥18 hours [AOR =5.13, 95%CI=1.38-19.05], meconium stained amniotic fluid[AOR =6.03, 95%CI=2.16-16.90], intra-partum fever [AOR =8.26, 95%CI=3.12-21.97], urinary tract infections [AOR=14,55, 95%CI=4.91-43.10], breast feeding after a hour [AOR =3.9, 95%CI=1.27-12.02], resuscitation [AOR =13.25, 95%CI=3.44-51.01], no chlorohexidine application [AOR =4.27, 95%CI=1.65-11.08] were significantly associated with neonatal sepsis.Conclusion and RecommendationAmong the variables prolonged rupture of membranes, meconium stained amniotic fluid, intra-partum fever, UTI/STI, and not breast feeding with in a hour were maternal variables and resuscitation at birth and not application of chlorohexidine ointment on the umbilicus were neonatal variables that were found to be neonatal-related risk factors of neonatal sepsis. Infection prevention strategies and clinical management need to be strengthening and/or implementing by providing especial attention for the specified determinants.
VinDr-PCXR: An open, large-scale chest radiograph dataset for interpretation of common thoracic diseases in children
Authors: Nguyen Ngoc H. , Pham Hieu H. , Tran Thanh T. , Nguyen Tuan N.M. , Nguyen Ha Q. 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTComputer-aided diagnosis systems in adult chest radiography (CXR) have recently achieved great success thanks to the availability of large-scale, annotated datasets and the advent of high-performance supervised learning algorithms. However, the development of diagnostic models for detecting and diagnosing pediatric diseases in CXR scans is undertaken due to the lack of high-quality physician-annotated datasets. To overcome this challenge, we introduce and release VinDr-PCXR, a new pediatric CXR dataset of 9,125 studies retrospectively collected from a major pediatric hospital in Vietnam between 2020 and 2021. Each scan was manually annotated by a pediatric radiologist who has more than ten years of experience. The dataset was labeled for the presence of 36 critical findings and 15 diseases. In particular, each abnormal finding was identified via a rectangle bounding box on the image. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first and largest pediatric CXR dataset containing lesion-level annotations and image-level labels for the detection of multiple findings and diseases. For algorithm development, the dataset was divided into a training set of 7,728 and a test set of 1,397. To encourage new advances in pediatric CXR interpretation using data-driven approaches, we provide a detailed description of the VinDr-PCXR data sample and make the dataset publicly available on https://physionet.org/.
Risk of myocarditis and pericarditis following BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1 COVID-19 vaccinations
Authors: Ip Samantha , Torabi Fatemeh , Denaxas Spiros , Akbari Ashley , Abbasizanjani Hoda , Knight Rochelle , Cooper Jennifer , Denholm Rachel , Keene Spencer , Bolton Thomas , Hollings Sam , Omigie Efosa , North Teri-Louise , Suseeladevi Arun Karthikeyan , Angelantonio Emanuele Di , Khunti Kamlesh , Sterne Jonathan A C , Sudlow Cathie , Whiteley William , Wood Angela , Walker Venexia 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe describe our analyses of data from over 49.7 million people in England, representing near-complete coverage of the relevant population, to assess the risk of myocarditis and pericarditis following BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1 COVID-19 vaccination. A self-controlled case series (SCCS) design has previously reported increased risk of myocarditis after first ChAdOx1, BNT162b2, and mRNA-1273 dose and after second doses of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines in England. Here, we use a cohort design to estimate hazard ratios for hospitalised or fatal myocarditis/pericarditis after first and second doses of BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1 vaccinations. SCCS and cohort designs are subject to different assumptions and biases and therefore provide the opportunity for triangulation of evidence. In contrast to the findings from the SCCS approach previously reported for England, we found evidence for lower incidence of hospitalised or fatal myocarditis/pericarditis after first ChAdOx1 and BNT162b2 vaccination, as well as little evidence to suggest higher incidence of these events after second dose of either vaccination.