bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Invasive and non‐invasive assessment of macro‐ and micro‐circulatory effects of vasopressors during sevoflurane anesthesia in a pediatric experimental model: A randomized trial
Authors: Kallab Rita , Sudy Roberta , Dos Santos Rocha Andre , Diaper John , Petak Ferenc , Keli Barcelos Gleicy , Habre Walid 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundWhile non‐invasive assessment of macro‐ and micro‐circulation has the promise to optimize anesthesia management, evidence is lacking for the relationship between invasive and non‐invasive measurements of cardiac output and microcirculatory indices.AimsWe aimed to compare the abilities of non‐invasive techniques to detect changes in macro‐ and micro‐circulation following deep anesthesia and subsequent restoration of the compromised hemodynamic by routinely used vasopressors in a randomized experimental study.MethodsA 20%–25% drop in mean arterial pressure was induced by sevoflurane in anesthetized mechanically ventilated just‐weaned piglets (n = 12) prior to the administration of vasopressors in random order (dopamine, ephedrine, noradrenaline, and phenylephrine). Simultaneous transpulmonary thermodilution cardiac output assessment with the invasive pulse index continuous contour (PiCCO) method was compared with non‐invasive estimates obtained with electrical conductivity (ICON) and echo Doppler (Cardio Q). Changes in microcirculation were characterized by sublingual red blood cell velocity, jugular cerebral venous oxygen saturation, and arterial lactate.Main outcome measuresCardiac output indices obtained by invasive and non‐invasive methods.ResultsChanges in cardiac output measured invasively and non‐invasively correlated significantly after sevoflurane (r = .78, p = .003 and r = .76, p = .006 between PiCCO and ICON or Cardio Q, respectively). Following the administration of vasopressors, invasive and non‐invasive cardiac output assessments were unrelated with significant correlations observed only between PiCCO and ICON after dopamine and ephedrine. Sevoflurane‐induced hypotension decreased jugular cerebral venous oxygen saturation significantly and was recovered by all vasopressors. Sevoflurane and vasopressors had no effect on red blood cell velocity, which increased only after dopamine. No consistent changes in lactate were observed during the study period.ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest that non‐invasive cardiac output measurements may not accurately reflect changes in macrocirculation after hemodynamic optimization by vasopressors. Due to the incoherence between macro‐ and micro‐circulation, monitoring microcirculation is essential to guide patient management.
Long‐term follow‐up of motor cortex stimulation on central poststroke pain in thalamic and extrathalamic stroke
Authors: Guo Song , Zhang Xiaolei , Tao Wei , Zhu Hongwei , Hu Yongsheng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the long‐term effects of motor cortex stimulation (MCS) on central poststroke pain (CPSP) in patients with thalamic and extrathalamic stroke.Materials and MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 21 cases of CPSP patients who were treated with MCS. Pain intensity was evaluated using the visual analog scale (VAS) and Neuropathic Pain Symptom Inventory (NPSI) before the operation and at follow‐up assessments. Sleep quality was evaluated using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI).ResultsThe average follow‐up time was 65.43 ± 26.12 months. In the thalamus stroke group (n = 11), the mean preoperative VAS score was 8.18 ± 0.75 and the final mean follow‐up VAS score was 4.0 ± 2.14. The mean total NPSI score at the last follow‐up (20.45 ± 12.7) was significantly reduced relative to the pre‐MCS score (30.27 ± 8.97, p < 0.001). Similarly, the mean PSQI value at the last follow‐up (12.63 ± 1.91) was significantly reduced compared with the pre‐MCS value (16.55 ± 1.97, p < 0.001). In the extrathalamic stroke group (n = 11), the mean preoperative VAS score was 8.2 ± 0.79 and the final mean follow‐up VAS score was 6.6 ± 2.12. The mean total NPSI score before MCS was not statistically different from that at the last follow‐up. There were no statistical differences in sleep quality before versus after surgery.ConclusionMotor cortex stimulation has higher long‐term efficacy in CPSP patients with stroke confined to the thalamus than in CPSP patients with stroke involving extrathalamic structures.
Sensitivity to punishment and emotional eating: The mediating role of shame and rumination
Authors: Salemi Elnaz , Mirzazade Zahra , Dehshiri Gholamreza , Zahraei Shaghayegh 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe relationship between sensitivity to punishment (SP) and emotional eating has been previously examined. However, effective variables in this relationship have yet to be recognized. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between SP and emotional eating via facets of shame and rumination.DesignSerial Mediation model was proposed.MethodFemale university students in Iran (n = 174) completed Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire‐Revised and Clarified (SPSRQ‐RC), Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (DEBQ), Experience of Shame Scale (ESS) and Ruminative Responses Scale (RRS).ResultsSP showed a significant effect on emotional eating. Moreover, we observed that the relationship between SP and emotional eating was separately mediated by shame (general, characterological and bodily shame) and rumination. We further noticed the sequentially mediating role of shame (general, characterological and behavioural shame) and rumination in the relationship between SP and emotional eating.ConclusionFindings suggest that high SP can increase the risk of emotional eating through negative emotions (e.g. shame) and disturbed cognitions (e.g. rumination). Therefore, for a better understanding, it seems necessary to consider emotional eating a maladaptive behaviour adopted as a possible result of the impairment of temperamental, emotional and cognitive systems.
Macroeconomy and macropartisanship: Economic conditions and party identification
Authors: Okolikj Martin , Quinlan Stephen , Lewis‐Beck Michael S. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract“It's the economy stupid”—is the phrase that captures the ubiquity of economics in determining election outcomes. Nevertheless, while several studies support the premise of economic voting, a constant critique of valence economic models is that partisan bias contaminates voters' economic perceptions, thus invaliding any independent effect of economic opinions on the vote. Here, we test whether partisanship may itself be endogenous to the macroeconomy. Aggregating data from the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems (CSES), supplemented with European Social Survey (ESS) data to bolster the time analysis, we focus on macropartisanship and find a drop‐off of party identifiers for governing parties in tandem with the economic downturn, specifically from rising unemployment. More generally, macropartisanship responds to economic conditions, suggesting that the endogeneity concern between party attachment and valence economic conditions is not unidirectional. That is, while economic perceptions may be influenced by party identification, party identification can be influenced by economic conditions.Related ArticlesDettrey, Bryan J. 2013. “Relative Losses and Economic Voting: Sociotropic Considerations or ‘Keeping up with the Joneses?’” Politics & Policy 41(5): 788–806. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12038.Fernandes, Ivan Filipe, Gustavo Andrey De Almeida Lopes Fernandes, and Artur Zimerman. 2022. “For Whom the Bell Tolls: Party Mediation Effects on Economic Voting in a Large Democratic Federation.” Politics & Policy 50(2): 324–62. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12453.Stegmaier, Mary, and Michael S. Lewis‐Beck. 2009. “Learning the Economic Vote: Hungarian Forecasts, 1998–2010.” Politics & Policy 37(4): 769–80. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2009.00197.x.
Cover Image, Volume 14, Issue 3
Authors: Dong Shuang‐lin , Dong Yun‐wei , Cao Ling , Verreth Johan , Olsen Yngvar , Liu Wen‐jing , Fang Qi‐zhi , Zhou Yan‐gen , Li Li , Li Jing‐yu , Mu Yong‐tong , Sorgeloos Patrick 
Published: June 2022

The cover image is based on the Review Article Optimization of aquaculture sustainability through ecological
intensification in China by Shuang‐lin Dong et al., https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.12648
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Exceptional Gegenbauer polynomials via isospectral deformation
Authors: García‐Ferrero María Ángeles , Gómez‐Ullate David , Milson Robert , Munday James 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we show how to construct exceptional orthogonal polynomials (XOP) using isospectral deformations of classical orthogonal polynomials. The construction is based on confluent Darboux transformations, where repeated factorizations at the same eigenvalue are allowed. These factorizations allow us to construct Sturm–Liouville problems with polynomial eigenfunctions that have an arbitrary number of real‐valued parameters. We illustrate this new construction by exhibiting the class of deformed Gegenbauer polynomials, which are XOP families that are isospectral deformations of classical Gegenbauer polynomials.
Psychiatric care and education understood from a student perspective: Enhancing competences empowering personal and social recovery
Authors: Damsgaard Janne Brammer , Overgaard Camilla Margrethe Lyhne , Dürr Dorte Wiwe , Lunde Anita , Thybo Peter , Birkelund Regner 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundDuring the last decades, a recovery‐based approach has called for a change in mental health care services. Several programmes have been presented, and the need to develop student and professional competences in education and clinical practice has been documented.AimThe aim of this study was to explore how psychiatric care is understood seen from a student perspective (nursing students, masters nurses and a master in applied philosophy) with focus on their personal competences and the educational interventions empowering processes for users' personal and social recovery.MethodA qualitative design with a phenomenological–hermeneutic approach based on the French philosopher Paul Ricoeur's theory of interpretation. Data were collected through semi‐structured interviews.FindingsAll interviewees expressed that both theoretically and clinically students did not experience a recovery‐oriented approach empowering users' personal and social recovery process. On the contrary, they experienced that both education and practice were dominated by a biomedical approach providing clinical recovery. However, several students were aware of their need of developing personal and relational competences to be able to support the users' personal and social recovery journey. The students expressed that there is a need for educational processes targeting personal competences in ‘becoming a professional’ supporting ‘presentness and awareness’ and thereby the development of relational abilities and the courage to engage.The results relate to two nursing schools and two universities.ConclusionA biomedical approach dominates and makes it difficult to develop students' personal competences during education in practice and theory vital to the development of personal and social recovery‐oriented practices. It is recommended that educators—in practice and in school—accentuate presentness, awareness and creativity as crucial relational capabilities and incorporate this in their teaching and supervision method, supporting the education and formation of the students' (and teachers' and supervisors') personal development processes.
Prevalence and risk factors of antibodies to HLA according to different cut‐off values of mean fluorescence intensity in haploidentical allograft candidates: A prospective study of 3805 subjects
Authors: Ma Ning , Guo Jia‐Pei , Zhao Xiang‐Yu , Xu Lan‐Ping , Zhang Xiao‐Hui , Wang Yu , Mo Xiao‐Dong , Zhang Yuan‐Yuan , Liu Yan‐Rong , Zhao Xiao‐Su , Cheng Yi‐Fei , Liu Kai‐Yan , Huang Xiao‐Jun , Chang Ying‐Jun 
Published: June 2022

The importance of anti‐HLA antibodies in transplantation settings, such as HLA‐mismatched or haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and platelet refractoriness, is widely recognized. In previous reports, it was mentioned that several cut‐off values of donor‐specific anti‐HLA antibodies mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) were related to graft rejection in the environment of HLA mismatched stem cell transplantation and the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of anti‐HLA antibodies according to those cut‐off values of MFI. A total of 3805 patients with hematologic disease were prospectively enrolled and analyzed. When using MFI of anti‐HLA antibodies ≥500, ≥1000, ≥1500, ≥2000, ≥5000, and ≥ 10,000 as cut‐off values for positivity, the prevalence of class I or II anti‐HLA antibodies ranged from 4.6% to 20.2% in all cases. When the MFI cut‐off value was ≥500 for positivity, multivariate analysis indicated that platelet transfusion, underlying disease, and pregnancy were the most important risk factors for the presence of anti‐HLA antibodies for the total patients. Subgroup analysis according to age, gender, and underlying disease showed that pregnancy was the most important risk factor for the presence of anti‐HLA antibodies. For all patients (n = 3805), when anti‐HLA antibody positivity was defined according to different MFI cut‐off values, including ≥1000, ≥1500, ≥2000, ≥5000, and ≥ 10,000, an association of platelet transfusion and pregnancy with anti‐HLA antibodies was also demonstrated. Our results suggest that pregnancy and platelet transfusion are the main risk factors for the prevalence of anti‐HLA antibodies in haploid allograft candidates, providing evidence for guiding the evaluation of anti‐HLA antibodies and helping donor selection for HLA‐mismatched transplant candidates.
Evaluating clinical effectiveness of SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine in solid organ transplant recipients: A propensity score matched analysis
Authors: Tucker Mollie , Azar Marwan M. , Cohen Elizabeth , Gan Geliang , Deng Yanhong , Foppiano Palacios Carlo , Malinis Maricar 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundSolid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) are at disproportionate risk for severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19). Vaccination is a key preventative strategy but is associated with decreased humoral responses among SOTR. Whether dampened immune responses correlate with reduced clinical effectiveness is unclear. Our study was designed to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination in the early vaccine era.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study comparing SARS‐CoV‐2 infection rates between SOTRs who received two doses of mRNA or one dose of Ad26.Cov2.S vaccine and those not fully vaccinated (partially vaccinated and unvaccinated). To evaluate clinical effectiveness of vaccine, cause‐specific Cox regression model and modified Poisson regression model were built using the propensity score‐matched cohort. Additionally, the clinical outcomes of COVID‐19 of fully vaccinated and not fully vaccinated SOTR were compared.ResultsOf 2705 SOTRs, 1668 were included in our final matched analysis, which showed a 73% reduction of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and 76% reduction of all‐cause‐mortality among fully vaccinated patients. Thirty‐nine SOTRs developed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, including nine fully vaccinated and 30 not fully vaccinated. Among fully vaccinated patients, 22% had severe/critical COVID‐19 and 0% mortality versus not fully vaccinated SOTRs, of whom 37% had severe/critical COVID‐19 and 6.67% COVID‐19‐related mortality.ConclusionIn SOTRs, completion of primary vaccine series in the early vaccine era was associated with a significant reduction of COVID‐19 and was protective against severe/critical disease and death. Further studies are needed to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of current vaccine recommendations for SOTR against emerging new variants.
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High prevalence of MRSA and VRSA among inpatients of Mettu Karl Referral Hospital, Southwest Ethiopia
Authors: Kejela Tekalign , Dekosa Fili 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the prevalence of methicillin and vancomycin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus among patients admitted to Mettu Karl Referral Hospital.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted to study the point prevalence of MRSA and VRSA. A total of 384 patients (male = 201 and female = 183) admitted to medical (109), paediatric (109) and surgical (166) wards of Mettu Karl Referral Hospital from November 2019 to April 2020 were included in the study. We studied 384 samples (166 wound swabs and 218 nasal swabs) collected from inpatients. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated, characterised and identified based on morphological and biochemical features and confirmed by PCR amplification of the nuc gene. The isolates were checked against 12 antibiotics, and MRSA isolates were primarily identified using cefoxitin (30 μg) and confirmed by amplification of mecA gene. Staphylococcus aureus resistance to Vancomycin was tested by the broth microdilution method.ResultsThe rate of isolation of Staphylococcus aureus was 32.8% (126/384). The point prevalence of MRSA and VRSA from clinical specimens was 18.8% (72/384) and 2.6% (10/384), respectively. Of 126 Staphylococcus aureus isolated, 57.1% (72) were MRSA and 7.9% (10) were VRSA. Of the 166 samples collected from patients in the surgical ward, the rates of isolation of MRSA and VRSA were 21.1% (35/166) and 4.8% (8/166), respectively. A high rate of isolation of MRSA and VRSA was recorded among patients admitted to surgical wards compared with medical and paediatric wards.ConclusionsThis study showed a high prevalence of MRSA and VRSA in the hospital. Proper implementation of infection control practices and investigation of underlying risk factors are urgently needed to mitigate the further spread of the pathogen.
In vitro antifungal susceptibility ofFusariumspecies andAspergillus fumigatuscultured from eleven horses with fungal keratitis
Authors: Martinez Paoul S. , Whitley R. David , Plummer Caryn E. , Richardson Rebecca L. , Hamor Ralph E. , Wellehan James F. X. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPurposeTo examine the relationship between Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MICs) and response to therapy of 6Fusariumspp.and 5Aspergillus fumigatusisolated from equine ulcerative keratitis cases.ProcedureFungi were identified by morphology and Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with sequencing and evaluated at the University of Texas Fungal Testing Laboratory for susceptibility to three azole antifungals (miconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole), natamycin, and two echinocandins (anidulafungin, caspofungin). A Mann–Whitney rank sum test was used for the comparison of time to heal between infections of different fungal genera and in vitro susceptibility to the drug administered.ResultsFusariumspp. were resistant to azole antifungals in 6/6 cases (100%).Fusariumspp. were susceptible to echinocandins and natamycin in all cases.A. fumigatuswas resistant to anidulafungin in 1/5 cases (20%) and posaconazole in 1/5 cases (20%) The remainder ofA. fumigatusisolates were susceptible to all antifungal agents tested.Fusariumisolates were treated with antifungals to which they were not susceptible; however, all cases ofA. fumigatuswere treated with antifungals to which they were susceptible. AllFusariumcases andA. fumigatuscases experienced clinical resolution, regardless of surgical intervention. There was no statistical correlation between fungal genus and time to heal (p < .082).ConclusionsThe in vitro susceptibility indicated that all cases ofFusariumspp. were resistant to azole antifungal drugs which were used as treatment. Clinical outcomes, however, showed that all cases healed despite resistance to antifungals.
Die on this hill? A new monotypic, microendemic and montane vertebrate genus from the Australian Wet Tropics
Authors: Torkkola Janne J. , Wilmer Jessica Worthington , Hutchinson Mark N. , Couper Patrick J. , Oliver Paul M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe upland rainforests of the Australian Wet Tropics (AWT) are renowned for their diverse and highly relictual biota, and are amongst the best‐studied areas of tropical rainforest in the world. Nonetheless, the evolutionary history of many endemic AWT taxa remains poorly resolved. Here we use molecular data to show that a small thigmothermic and heat‐sensitive lizard endemic to the Thornton Uplands in the northern portion of the AWT is a palaeoendemic that likely diverged from the nearest living taxa around the early Miocene. On the basis of genetic and morphological data, we remove this taxon from the genus Calyptotis where it was formerly placed, redefine Calyptotis and describing a new monotypic genus, Calorodius gen. n. This taxon is the second microendemic, monotypic and montane vertebrate genus recognised from the AWT, and highlights the potential for small areas of upland habitat in AWT to function as evolutionary refugia. However, despite the deep divergence of this lineage, there is no strong evidence that cool‐mesic environments are ancestral to the broader radiation of sphenomorphin skinks that it sits within. The impacts of future anthropogenic climate change on this new genus are difficult to predict, but a tiny range and apparent sensitivity to even relatively moderate temperatures raise concerns, especially if accelerating climate change leads to more regular drought events and heatwaves in the mountain ranges where it occurs.
Social innovation in health, community engagement, financing and outcomes: qualitative analysis from the social innovation in health initiative
Authors: Moscibrodzki Patricia , Ahumuza Emmanuel , Li Jingjing , Sun Xiaoming , Tao Yusha , Van Niekerk Lindi , Amazigo Uche , Halpaap Beatrice , Awor Phyllis , Tucker Joseph D 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundSocial innovation in health is a community-engaged process that links social change and health improvement, drawing on the diverse strengths of local individuals and institutions. However, there are few studies that examine community engagement, financing and outcomes. The purpose of this study is to use a qualitative descriptive analysis to assess 40 social innovations in health identified through a global open call.MethodsThis qualitative analysis examined social innovation case studies from low- and middle-income countries identified by a global social innovation network. A crowdsourcing open call identified projects and key components of each social innovation were evaluated by an independent panel. We used a US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention framework to measure community engagement as shared leadership, collaboration, involvement, consultation or informing. We used descriptive statistics to examine key aspects of community engagement, financing, health outcomes and non-health outcomes.ResultsData from 40 social innovations were examined. Social innovations were from Africa (21/40), Asia (11/40), and Latin America and the Caribbean (8/40). Community engagement was diverse and robust across the cases and 60% (24/40) had either shared leadership or collaboration. Financing for social innovation came from research grants (23), national or provincial government support (15), revenues from sales (13), donations (13) and local government support (10). Social innovations reported health and non-health outcomes.ConclusionOur data demonstrate social innovations had robust community engagement. Innovative financing mechanisms provide mechanisms for sustaining social innovations. Further research on health and non-health outcomes of social innovation is needed.