bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterizing and synthesizing the workflow structure of microservices in ByteDance Cloud
Authors: Wen Yingying , Cheng Guanjie , Deng Shuiguang , Yin Jianwei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractModern Cloud applications have evolved from monolithic systems to numerous distributed microservices whose workflows interact via Remote Procedure Calls (RPCs). The benchmarks focusing on individual microservice components are insufficient because the reference relationships between components, which form the microservice workflow structure, are another critical aspect of microservice applications. Unfortunately, understanding the characteristics of microservice workflow in the production Cloud remains a missing piece in the literature, which prevents the representative of microservice benchmarks. In this paper, we fill this gap by characterizing and synthesizing the microservice workflows based on the trace data of the Toutiao application that is running on ByteDance Cloud. We examine the microservice workflows starting from DAG graphs, introduce observed properties that are easy to ignore but important, show the artificiality of the workflow by statistic description, and explore the high cost of network overhead. We further synthesize the workflow following the characteristics observed. The extensive evaluations show that the synthesized microservice workflows have consistent statistical characteristics as the production ones. A case study applying the synthesized workflows proves its usability.
Disruptive technology identification of intelligent logistics robots in AIoT industry: Based on attributes and functions analysis
Authors: Jia Weifeng , Wang Shuo , Xie Yongping , Chen Zifeng , Gong Kaixin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis research constructs a disruptive technology identification framework based on attributes and functions and selects intelligent logistics robot technology for empirical analysis in the artificial intelligence & Internet of Things (AIoT) industry. We take the three attributes of technological novelty, breakthrough, and influence as measurement indicators to identify disruptive technologies and perform functional analysis of the technology to find potential markets for disruptive technologies. The research demonstrates that two‐dimensional code technology, sensing technology, intelligent control technology, artificial intelligence technology, and wireless communication technology are disruptive technologies in intelligent logistics robots. The future development directions of intelligent logistics robots include efficient, intelligent control operations, good human‐computer interaction, accurate safety obstacle avoidance, and accurate and efficient position detection. This research has put forward the future development direction of disruptive technology in AIoT and provided a reference for the R&D and manufacture of intelligent logistics robots.
Predicting stock index movement using twin support vector machine as an integral part of enterprise system
Authors: Zou Borong , Wang Hong , Li Hui , Li Ling , Zhao Yuhan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn order to improve the predicting performance of stock index movement, this study proposes a new predicting model called Twin Support Vector Machines (TWSVM), which will be used to predict the trend of Shanghai Securities Composite Index (SSCI) and Standard and Poor's 500 Index (S&P500 Index), respectively. Thirteen indicators constructed by stock index historical data are selected as input features of the predicting model. The predicting target is the stock index daily movement, up or down. The decision tree (DT), Naive‐Bayes (NB), random forests (RF), probabilistic neural network (PNN) and support vector machine (SVM) are set as contrast experiments. The experiment results indicate that the TWSVM predicting model has a better predicting performance on both stock price and index daily movement.
Explore the entrepreneurial process of AI start‐ups from the perspective of opportunity
Authors: Wang Xi , Yang Huihui , Han Helin , Huang Yanling , Wu Xixi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDigital technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI), big data, and the Internet of Things, are becoming increasingly mature. They have become the driving force behind a new wave of innovation and entrepreneurship activities worldwide. AI is the core of the contemporary digital technology industry. New high technologies bring greater opportunities for entrepreneurs to carry out entrepreneurial activities and bring unprecedented challenges to traditional entrepreneurial activities and theories. The existing literature on the impact of AI on entrepreneurial activities is still in the exploration stage. Based on this, this study aims to explore the entrepreneurial process of AI start‐ups, combining with existing literature, select AI unicorn start‐ups ByteDance for a case study, and apply the grounded theory method to analyse and summarise the entrepreneurial process of Internet start‐ups with AI. Thus, it can provide insights for many AI start‐ups and contribute to the existing entrepreneurial research.
Forced degradation studies on axitinib and characterization of its degradation products by liquid chromatography‐high resolution mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy along with its insilico toxicity assessment
Authors: Kushwah Bhoopendra Singh , Golla Vijaya Madhyanapu , Dhiman Vivek , Samanthula Gananadhamu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe prime focus of the present study includes forced degradation studies on axitinib and the characterization of novel degradation products formed. As per International Council for Harmonisation guidelines, axitinib was exposed to harsher conditions such as acidic, alkali, oxidative, photolytic, and thermal conditions. Axitinib was found unstable upon exposure to oxidative and photolytic conditions, generating a total of four degradation products. Out of four degradation products, three are novel and were not reported in the literature. The degradation products formed were well separated by high‐performance liquid chromatography and characterized by liquid chromatography‐high resolution mass spectrometric studies. Further, their structures were confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic studies. The possible degradation products were characterized as sulfoxide, sulfone, isomeric and dimer impurities. A detailed mechanistic explanation for the formation of degradation products along with its insilico toxicity prediction was laid out.
Effect of Fructooligosaccharides on Retrogradation of Instant Rice
Authors: Li Xuyang , He Yutang , Wang Jian , Liu He 
Published: June 2022

AbstractStarch retrogradation is a major problem during the storage of instant rice, and inhibiting starch retrogradation is of great significance to improve the shelf‐life of instant rice. Texture profile analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, X‐ray diffraction, low‐field nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and laser scanning confocal microscopy are used to study the retrogradation of instant rice pretreated with different levels of fructooligosaccharides. Following low‐level fructooligosaccharide treatment, the hardness of instant rice is significantly reduced, which effectively restricts the mobility of water molecules in instant rice and reduces the relative crystallinity and retrogradation enthalpy of starch in instant rice. Therefore, low‐level fructooligosaccharides have great potential to delay retrogradation of rice products and improve their storage quality.
Toward Long‐Life Aqueous Zinc Ion Batteries by Constructing Stable Zinc Anodes
Authors: Liu Ying , Liu Yi , Wu Xiang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) with high safety and low cost are considered to be one of the alternatives to Li‐ion batteries. In recent years, AZIBs have become a research hotspot, mainly focusing on the research of cathode, anode and electrolyte. Although many efforts have been made in cathode materials, their low specific capacity and poor cycle life remain unsolved. In fact, side reactions of zinc metal anodes, such as dendrite growth, zinc corrosion, and hydrogen evolution reactions (HER), are also the main factors restricting the electrochemical performance of AZIBs. In this review, we first discuss the fundamental of these adverse reactions. Then, the various solution strategies are summarized based on advanced materials and structural design. It includes surface modification and the internal structure optimization of Zn electrodes, the regulation of electrolytes and separators. Finally, we propose the future challenges and development prospects of zinc anode.
Elective percutaneous liver biopsy and use of aspirin
Authors: Reynard Maxence Emmanuel , Dufour Jean‐François 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectivesPercutaneous liver biopsy is an essential diagnostic investigation in hepatology. Among complications, which are rare, bleeding is the most feared. Many patients scheduled for a liver biopsy are taking aspirin. Surprisingly no information is available in the literature on this frequent clinical situation. The American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) position paper on percutaneous liver biopsy does not specifically recommend stopping low dose aspirin prior to an elective percutaneous liver biopsy. The European Association for the Study of the Liver also remains unspecific without giving clear recommendation on stopping or not low dose aspirin before the procedure. The aim of this study is to document current practice concerning the management of patients scheduled for an elective percutaneous biopsy and taking low dose aspirin.DesignAn online questionnaire was designed to gather data on current practice on the perioperative management of percutaneous liver biopsy and use of aspirin.SettingsThe questionnaire was emailed to AASLD members in September 2018.ParticipantsFour hundred sixty six responses were collected.ResultsSeventy eight percent postpone elective percutaneous liver biopsy if International Normalised Ratio is ≥1.5 or Quick ≤50%. Ninety five percent postpone biopsy if platelet count is ≤50,000 × 106/L. Seventy five percent stop low dose aspirin, on average, 6 days prior to the percutaneous liver biopsy. This choice of management does not seem to be related to previous complications since 86% report not having experienced any bleeding in patients taking low dose aspirin. Nevertheless, this practice has logistic consequences since 61% of the respondents postponed a liver biopsy due to intake of low dose aspirin.ConclusionsDespite the lack of clear statement in guidelines and evidence supporting this practice, three quarters of physicians practicing in hepatology stop low dose aspirin before elective percutaneous liver biopsy.
SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific antibodies and neutralization capacity in breast milk following infection vs vaccination
Authors: Leung H. Y. H. , Leung B. W. , Gil M. M. , Rolle V. , Moungmaithong S. , Wang C. C. , Poon L. C. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTAnti‐severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) antibodies have been found in breast milk following both natural SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) vaccination. This was a prospective study to evaluate the temporal changes in amount and neutralization capacity of anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies in breast milk stimulated by natural infection and by vaccination. Serial breast milk samples were collected from postnatal women who were recruited through convenience sampling. We found a rapid increase in neutralizing SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific antibodies in breast milk from both study groups. Amongst the infection group, the median immunoglobulin A (IgA) level was 16.99 (range, 0–86.56) ng/mL and median binding capacity was 33.65% (range, 0–67.65%), while in the vaccination group these were 30.80 (range, 0–77.40) ng/mL and 23.80% (range, 0–42.80%), respectively. In both groups, both binding capacity and IgA levels decreased progressively over time after peaking. Neutralizing activity had become undetectable by about 150 days after the first dose of the vaccine, but a vaccine booster dose restored secretion of neutralizing IgA, albeit with different levels of response in different individuals. This highlights the importance of the vaccine booster dose in sustaining neutralizing antibody levels in breast milk, which may potentially provide protection for very young children, who cannot receive the COVID‐19 vaccine. © 2022 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Lipophagy pathways in yeast are controlled by their distinct modes of induction
Authors: Fairman Garrett , Ouimet Mireille 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLipid droplet (LD) autophagy (lipophagy) is a recently discovered selective form of autophagy and is a pathway for LD catabolism. This ubiquitous process has been an ongoing area of research within the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast lipophagy phenotypically resembles microautophagy, although it has a distinct set of genetic requirements depending on the mode of induction. This review highlights the similarities and differences between different forms of yeast lipophagy and offers perspectives on how our knowledge of lipophagy in yeast may guide our understanding of this process within mammalian cells to ultimately inform future applications of lipophagy.
Exploring Untapped Wheat Genetic Resources to Boost Food Security
Authors: King Julie , Grewal Surbhi , Fellers John P. , King Ian P. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIncreasing the genetic diversity of wheat is key to its future production in terms of increasing yields, resistance to diseases and adaptability to fluctuations in global climate. The use of the progenitor species of wheat and also its wild relatives uniquely provides a route to vastly increase the genetic variation available to wheat breeders for the development of new, superior wheat varieties. The introduction of genetic variation from the wild relatives of wheat in the form of introduced chromosome segments or introgressions, has taken place for hundreds of years, albeit largely unintentionally in farmers’ fields. However, the use of the wild relatives became more systematic from the 1950s onwards. The work has previously been hampered due to a lack of technology for the identification and characterisation of the introgressions and consequently the strategic use of the wild relatives. The advances in molecular biology over recent years now make it possible to generate wheat/wild relative introgressions on a scale not previously possible. In fact, the greatest threat to this area of work is now the lack of scientists/breeders with the understanding of chromosomes and their manipulation.
Heat and Climate Change Mitigation
Authors: Hays Dirk B. , Barrios-Perez Ilse , Camarillo-Castillo Fatima 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHigh temperature stress is a primary constraint to maximal yield in wheat, as in nearly all cultivated crops. High temperature stress occurs in varied ecoregions where wheat is cultivated, as either a daily chronic metabolic stress or as an acute episodic high heat shock during critical periods of reproductive development. This chapter focuses on defining the key biochemical processes regulating a plant’s response to heat stress while highlighting and defining strategies to mitigate stress and stabilize maximal yield during high temperature conditions. It will weigh the advantages and disadvantages of heat stress adaptive trait breeding strategies versus simpler integrated phenotypic selection strategies. Novel remote sensing and marker-assisted selection strategies that can be employed to combine multiple heat stress tolerant adaptive traits will be discussed in terms of their efficacy. In addition, this chapter will explore how wheat can be re-envisioned, not only as a staple food, but also as a critical opportunity to reverse climate change through unique subsurface roots and rhizomes that greatly increase wheat’s carbon sequestration.
Drought
Authors: Richards Richard A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractEstablished breeding methods for wheat in dry environments continue to make gains. It will remain the cornerstone for wheat improvement. This Chapter discusses proven methods to make additional gains. It discusses a way to benchmark yield potential in dry environments and how this can be used to determine whether unexpected agronomic or genetic factors are limiting yields. It examines opportunities, advantages and disadvantages of trait-based selection methods for dry environments, and it presents a framework by which important traits can be selected. Both high throughput and marker-based methods of selection are examined for their success and feasibility of use in breeding. It also highlights the importance of agronomic approaches in combination with breeding to continue to improve yield potential in water limited environments. Finally, the elements of success of translation from research to the delivery of new varieties is examined.
High Throughput Field Phenotyping
Authors: Araus Jose Luis , Buchaillot Maria Luisa , Kefauver Shawn C. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe chapter aims to provide guidance on how phenotyping may contribute to the genetic advance of wheat in terms of yield potential and resilience to adverse conditions. Emphasis will be given to field high throughput phenotyping, including affordable solutions, together with the need for environmental and spatial characterization. Different remote sensing techniques and platforms are presented, while concerning lab techniques only a well proven trait, such as carbon isotope composition, is included. Finally, data integration and its implementation in practice is discussed. In that sense and considering the physiological determinants of wheat yield that are amenable for indirect selection, we highlight stomatal conductance and stay green as key observations. This choice of traits and phenotyping techniques is based on results from a large set of retrospective and other physiological studies that have proven the value of these traits together with the highlighted phenotypical approaches.
Application of CRISPR-Cas-Based Genome Editing for Precision Breeding in Wheat
Authors: Wang Wei , Akhunov Eduard 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWheat improvement relies on genetic diversity associated with variation in target traits. While traditionally the main sources of novel genetic diversity for breeding are wheat varieties or various wild relatives of wheat, advances in gene mapping and genome editing technologies provide an opportunity for engineering new variants of genes that could have beneficial effect on agronomic traits. Here, we provide the overview of the genome editing technologies and their application to creating targeted variation in genes that could enhance wheat productivity. We discuss the potential utility of the genome editing technologies and CRISPR-Cas-induced variation incorporated into the pre-breeding pipelines for wheat improvement.
Improving Wheat Production and Breeding Strategies Using Crop Models
Authors: Guarin Jose Rafael , Asseng Senthold 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCrop simulation models are robust tools that enable users to better understand crop growth and development in various agronomic systems for improved decision making regarding agricultural productivity, environmental sustainability, and breeding. Crop models can simulate many agronomic treatments across a wide range of spatial and temporal scales, allowing for improved agricultural management practices, climate change impact assessment, and development of breeding strategies. This chapter examines current applications of wheat crop models and explores the benefits from model improvement and future trends, such as integration of G × E × M and genotype-to-phenotype interactions into modeling processes, to improve wheat (Triticum spp.) production and adaptation strategies for agronomists, breeders, farmers, and policymakers.
Wheat Rusts: Current Status, Prospects of Genetic Control and Integrated Approaches to Enhance Resistance Durability
Authors: Bhavani Sridhar , Singh Ravi P. , Hodson David P. , Huerta-Espino Julio , Randhawa Mandeep Singh 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe three rusts are the most damaging diseases of wheat worldwide and continue to pose a threat to global food security. In the recent decades, stem rust races belonging to the Ug99 (TTKSK) and Digalu (TKTTF) race group resurfaced as a major threat in Africa, the Middle East and Europe threatening global wheat production. In addition, the evolution and migration of new aggressive races of yellow rust adapted to warmer temperatures into Europe and Asia from Himalayan region are becoming a significant risk in several wheat production environments. Unique and complex virulence patterns, continuous evolution to overcome effective resistance genes in varieties, shifts in population dynamics, transboundary migration have resulted in localized/regional epidemics leading to food insecurity threats. This underscores the need to identify, characterize, and deploy effective rust resistant genes from diverse sources into pre-breeding lines and future wheat varieties. The use of genetic resistance and deployment of multiple race specific and pleiotropic adult plant resistance genes in wheat lines can enhance resistance durability. Recent advances in sequencing annotated wheat reference genome with a detailed analysis of gene content among sub-genomes will not only accelerate our understanding of the genetic basis of rust resistance bread wheat, at the same time wheat breeders can now use this information to identify genes conferring rust resistance. Progress in genetic mapping techniques, new cloning techniques and wheat transformation methods over the last two decades have not only resulted in characterizing new genes and loci but also facilitated rapid cloning and stacking multiple genes as gene cassettes which can be future solution for enhancing durable resistance.
Globally Important Non-rust Diseases of Wheat
Authors: He Xinyao , Gahtyari Navin C. , Roy Chandan , Dababat Abdelfattah A. , Brar Gurcharn Singh , Singh Pawan Kumar 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWhile the three rusts are the most predominant wheat diseases in the global scale, various other diseases dominate in different geographical regions. In this chapter, some major non-rust diseases of wheat with global and/or regional economic importance are addressed, including three spike diseases (Fusarium head blight, wheat blast, and Karnal bunt), four leaf spotting diseases (tan spot, Septoria nodorum blotch, spot blotch, and Septoria tritici blotch), and several root diseases.
Introduction
Authors: Guney Gizem , Davies David , Lee Po-Han 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis book is the product of an international and interdisciplinary conference that was held at the University of Sussex, UK, in 2018. The primary aim of the conference was to have a closer look at the reasons and impacts of numerous problematic legislation and policies that have been adopted across the world over the last decade and which had a destabilising effect on gender equality and justice. There have been some notable examples in this regard: Poland has reintroduced restriction on women’s right to abortion in 2020 (Calkin & Kaminska, 2020); the debate over the so-called foetal “heartbeat” bills in Taiwan (Liu, 2020) and the ephemeral unconstitutional anti-abortion state laws have been heated in the US and internationally since 2019 (Bakst, 2019; Evans & Narasimhan, 2020); Russia has partially decriminalised domestic violence in 2016, despite the outcry from activists and victims (Semukhina, 2020). As a pandemic swept Europe (Kuhar & Paternotte, 2017), the mobilisation of “anti-gender”, anti-feminist and misogynist discourse in the political and policy domains has its global resonance in, for instance, Brazil (Hunter & Power, 2019), India (Rothermel, 2020) and South Korea (Kim, 2021). In this light, it would not be an exaggeration to contend that the last decade marks a global crisis of gender equality.