bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can’t see the flowers for the trees: factors driving floral abundance within early-successional forests in the central Appalachian Mountains
Authors: Mathis Codey L. , McNeil Darin J. , Lee Monica R. , Grozinger Christina M. , Otto Clint R.V. , Larkin Jeffery L. 
Published: June 2022

Silviculture can be a powerful tool for restoring and enhancing habitat for forest-dependent wildlife. In eastern North America, regenerating timber harvests support abundant wildflowers that provide essential forage for native pollinators. Factors driving floral resource availability within regenerating forests remain almost entirely unstudied. Recent efforts to increase the area of regenerating forests (<10 years old) through overstory removal harvest in the central Appalachian Mountains provide an opportunity to investigate the development of forest wildflower communities following canopy removal. We conducted 1208 surveys of blooming plants across 143 harvests, recording 1 525 245 flowers representing 220 taxa spanning 47 families. The number of flowers within recently harvested stands was negatively associated with fern and sapling cover but positively associated with grass and bramble ( Rubus spp.) cover. Early in the growing season, more flowers bloomed in older regenerating stands (e.g., >5 years old), but this pattern reversed by the end of the growing season. Ultimately, our study demonstrates that the abundance of flowers available to pollinators within regenerating hardwood stands varies with factors associated with advancing succession. Recognizing the potential trade-off between woody regeneration (i.e., saplings) and pollinator forage availability may benefit forest managers who intend to provide floral resources to flower-dependent wildlife like pollinators via silviculture.
SUGAR: Speeding Up GPGPU Application Resilience Estimation with Input Sizing
Authors: Yang Lishan , Nie Bin , Jog Adwait , Smirni Evgenia 
Published: June 2022

As Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) are becoming a de facto solution for accelerating a wide range of applications, their reliable operation is becoming increasingly important. One of the major challenges in the domain of GPU reliability is to accurately measure GPGPU application error resilience. This challenge stems from the fact that a typical GPGPU application spawns a huge number of threads and then utilizes a large amount of potentially unreliable compute and memory resources available on the GPUs. As the number of possible fault locations can be in the billions, evaluating every fault and examining its effect on the application error resilience is impractical. Application resilience is evaluated via extensive fault injection campaigns based on sampling of an extensive fault site space. Typically, the larger the input of the GPGPU application, the longer the experimental campaign.
In this work, we devise a methodology, SUGAR (Speeding Up G PGPU Application Resilience Estimation with input sizing), that dramatically speeds up the evaluation of GPGPU application error resilience by judicious input sizing. We show how analyzing a small fraction of the input is sufficient to estimate the application resilience with high accuracy and dramatically reduce the duration of experimentation. Key to our estimation methodology is the discovery of repeating patterns as a function of the input size. Using the well-established fact that error resilience in GPGPU applications is mostly determined by the dynamic instruction (DI) count at the thread level, we discover the patterns that allow to accurately predict application error resilience for arbitrarily large inputs. For the cases that we examine in this paper, this new resilience estimation provides significant speedups (up to 1336 times) and 97.0 on the average, while keeping estimation errors to less than 1%, for details see the full version of this SIGMETRICS paper.
Real-time Approximate Routing for Smart Transit Systems
Authors: Périvier Noémie , Hssaine Chamsi , Samaranayake Samitha , Banerjee Siddhartha 
Published: June 2022

The advent of ride-hailing platforms such as Lyft and Uber has revolutionized urban mobility in the past decade. Given their increasingly important role in today's society, recent years have seen growing interest in integrating these services with mass transit options, in order to leverage the on-demand and flexible nature of the former, with the sustainability and cost-effectiveness of the latter. Our work explores a set of operational questions that are critical to the success of any such integrated marketplace: Given a set of trip requests, and the ability to utilize ride-hailing services, which mass-transit routes should the transit agency operate? How frequently should it operate each route? And how can ride-hailing trips be used to both help connect passengers to these routes, and also cover trips which are not efficiently served by mass transit?
We study these under a model in which a Mobility-on-Demand provider (the platform ) has control of a vehicle fleet comprising both single-occupancy and high-capacity vehicles (e.g., cars and buses, respectively). The platform is faced with a number of trip requests to fill during a short time window, and can service these trip requests via different trip options : it can dispatch a car to transport the passenger from source to destination; it can use a car for the first and last legs of the trip, and have the passenger travel by bus in between; or it can use more complicated trips comprising of multiple car and bus legs. Given a set of rewards for matching passengers to trip options, and costs for operating each line (i.e., a bus route and associated frequency), the goal of the platform is to determine the optimal set of lines to operate (given a fixed budget for opening lines), as well as the assignment of passengers to trip options utilizing these lines, in order to maximize the total reward. We refer to this as the Real-Time Line Planning Problem (RLpp).
We first demonstrate the computational limits of RLpp by showing that no constant-factor approximation is possible if we relax either one of two assumptions: (i) access to a pre-specified set of feasible lines, and (ii) no bus-to-bus transfers. These assumptions are practically motivated and common in the literature, but our work is the first to formally demonstrate their necessity.
All Glioblastoma Are Not Equal: Distinct Spatial Immune Profiles BetweenDe Novoand Recurrent Tumors
Authors: Bayik Defne , Lee Juyeun , Lathia Justin D. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLack of insight into the immunosuppressive microenvironment of glioblastoma (GBM) hinders successful application of immunotherapy. In this issue, Alanio and colleagues identify a distinct T-cell localization profile between recurrent and de novo GBM highlighting the importance of spatial heterogeneity and providing new avenues to explore to improve GBM outcome.See related article by Alanio et al., p. 800 (3).
Associated Summer Rainfall Changes over the Three Rivers Source Region in China with the East Asian Westerly Jet from 1979 to 2015
Authors: Liu Yumeng , Meng Xianhong , Zhao Lin , Li Zhaoguo , Chen Hao , Shang Lunyu , Wang Shaoying , Shu Lele , Li Guangwei 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Under the intensification of global warming, the characteristics of the Three Rivers source region (TRSR; i.e., headwaters of the Yellow River, the Yangtze River, and the Lancang River) in China were diagnosed in the summer season from 1979 to 2015 using observations and reanalysis data. The diagnoses indicate that summer precipitation decreased from 1979 to 2002 [by 9.01 mm day−1 (10 yr)−1; p < 0.05 by Student’s t test] and increased significantly after 2002 [by 5.52 mm day−1 (10 yr)−1]. This abrupt change year (2002) was further confirmed by the cumulative anomaly method, the moving t-test method, and the Yamamoto method. By compositing the thermodynamics before and after the abrupt change year (2002), the results reveal that increased water vapor and more substantial lower-level convergence were present over the TRSR during 2003–15. This marked interdecadal variability in the TRSR summer precipitation responded to the interdecadal position and intensity of the large-scale forcing East Asian westerly jet (EAWJ), which is significantly modulated by the low-frequency variability associated with Southern Oscillation index. The connection between the interannual TRSR precipitation and the location and intensity of EAWJ was also explored. The position index of the EAWJ is negatively (with correlation coefficient R of −0.446; p < 0.05 by Student’s t test) correlated with the precipitation over the TRSR, implying that southward and northward years of EAWJ are respectively associated with intensifying and weakening the TRSR summer precipitation, whereas the intensity of EAWJ is insignificantly correlated with the TRSR summer precipitation.
Seasonal Variability of the Pacific South Equatorial Current during the Argo Era
Authors: Yang Lina , Murtugudde Raghu , Zheng Shaojun , Liang Peng , Tan Wei , Wang Lei , Feng Baoxin , Zhang Tianyu 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The tropical Pacific currents from January 2004 to December 2018 are computed based on the gridded Argo temperatures and salinities using the P-vector method on an f plane and the geostrophic approximation on a β plane. Three branches of the South Equatorial Current (SEC) are identified, i.e., SEC(N) (2°S–5°N), SEC(M) (7°–3°S), and SEC(S) (20°–8°S), with the maximum zonal velocity of −55 cm s−1 and total volume transport of −49.8 Sv (1 Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1) occurring in the central-east Pacific. The seasonal variability of each branch shows a distinct and different westward propagation of zonal current anomalies, which are well mirrored by the SLA differences between 2°S and 5°N, between 3°S and 6°S, and between 8°S and 15°S, respectively. Most of the seasonal variations are successfully simulated by a simple analytical Rossby wave model, highlighting the significance of the first-mode baroclinic, linear Rossby waves, particularly those driven by the wind stress curl in the central-east Pacific. However, the linear theory fails to explain the SEC(M) variations in certain months in the central-east Pacific, where the first baroclinic mode contributes only around 50% of the explained variance to the equatorial surface currents. A nonlinear model involving higher baroclinic modes is suggested for a further diagnosis. Considering the crucial role played by the tropical Pacific in the natural climate variability via the El Niño–Southern Ocean dynamics and the ocean response to anthropogenic forcing via the ocean heat uptake in the eastern tropical Pacific, advancing the process understanding of the SEC from observations is critical.
A holistic sequential fault detection and diagnostics framework for multiple zone variable air volume air handling unit systems
Authors: Torabi Narges , Gunay Huseyin Burak , O’Brien William , Moromisato Ricardo 
Published: June 2022

A holistic fault detection and diagnostics (FDD) method should explicitly consider the dependencies between faults at the system- and zone-level to isolate the root cause. A system-level fault can trigger false alarms at the zone-level, while concealing the presence of a zone-level fault. However, most FDD methods have focused on a single component/equipment without considering the importance of the interactions between zone- and system-level devices. This paper proposes a holistic hierarchical framework for FDD, combining the process of detection and diagnosis of controls hardware and sequencing logic faults affecting the actuators at the system- and zone-level. The proposed framework follows a holistic sequential procedure to diagnose faults and suppress false alarms in this order: hard faults in air handling units (AHUs), hard faults in variable air volume (VAV) zones, sequencing logic faults in AHUs, and sequencing logic faults in VAV zones. The detection of faults is performed by visualizing the discrepancies between the expected and measured operational behaviour of AHUs and VAV boxes. Examples demonstrating the framework are provided with data from 10 different VAV AHU systems. Practical application: This paper provides a sequential hierarchical FDD framework to address two main issues in VAV AHU systems: detectability and significance. Regarding detectability, the framework prioritizes hard faults over sequencing logic faults to avoid false positives and false negatives; about significance, system-level faults are prioritized over zone-level faults to triage high-impact faults in the system. The detection of faults is performed via visualizing the biases from the expected behaviour of AHU and VAV characteristics to provide an envisioning interpretation for the experts in facilities management in commercial buildings to find the root cause of the fault and fix them on-site.
Association of Postoperative Sigmoid Sinus Occlusion and Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak in Translabyrinthine Surgery
Authors: Freeman Michael H. , Cass Nathan D. , Berndt David M. , Kloosterman Nicole , Poulos Eric A. , Perkins Elizabeth L. , O'Malley Matthew R. , Tawfik Kareem O. , Bennett Marc L. , Aulino Joseph M. , Haynes David S. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo characterize the incidence of sigmoid sinus occlusion (SSO) following translabyrinthine (TL) surgery for posterior fossa tumor resection and determine the association with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak.Study DesignRetrospective case series.SettingTertiary referral center.MethodsPatients undergoing TL surgery for vestibular schwannoma from 2012 to 2020 were included. Demographic data, medical history, preoperative tumor length and volume, and postoperative complications including CSF leak were recorded. Neuroradiology review of postoperative magnetic resonance imaging was used to determine the presence or absence of flow through the sigmoid sinus.ResultsOf 205 patients undergoing TL, 21 (10.2%) experienced CSF leak postoperatively. Overall 56 (27%) demonstrated SSO on immediate postoperative magnetic resonance imaging. CSF leaks were more likely in those with SSO (19.6%) than those without SSO (6.7%; odds ratio, 3.54 [95% CI, 1.25‐10.17]). Tumor volume and body mass index were not significantly associated with CSF leak. In total, 105 (51%) patients had some degree of sigmoid sinus thrombosis, but nonocclusive thrombosis was not associated with CSF leak.ConclusionSSO after TL approaches is common and appears to be significantly associated with postoperative CSF leak development. Minimizing manipulation of the sigmoid sinus during TL surgery and compression after surgery may have a role in preventing CSF leak.
The Use of Intra-articular Platelet-Rich Plasma as a Therapeutic Intervention for Hip Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Lim Anthony , Zhu John B. , Khanduja Vikas 
Published: June 2022

Background: There is a cohort of patients in whom hip preservation surgery is not indicated, because they have developed signs of early osteoarthritis (OA), and nor can they have a hip replacement, as they are too early in the disease process. Management of this cohort of patients is not standardised and both pharmacological and nonpharmacological measures are utilised to reduce pain. Interventions available for early OA include intra-articular injections of steroids, viscosupplementation and more recently platelet-rich plasma (PRP). However, the use of PRP in hip OA has not yet been studied systematically. Purpose: To assess intra-articular PRP as a therapeutic intervention for hip OA, including the duration of efficacy, influence of dose and composition of PRP, and the incidence of adverse effects. Study Design: A systematic review and meta-analysis; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: We performed literature searches on the MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, WEB OF SCIENCE, COCHRANE, and SCOPUS databases, and the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines were followed. Data were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis. We assessed the quality of the included studies using the methodological index for non-randomized studies instrument, with an additional assessment for randomized controlled trials with the revised Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized trials. This is the first study to concisely collate the available data on the use of PRP in hip OA. Results: Eight studies were included in the analysis, with data from a total of 331 patients. PRP significantly reduced pain compared with the baseline at multiple time points, with the greatest effect at the 1- to 2-month follow-up, but PRP significantly improved function only at the 1- to 2-month follow-up. A significantly larger reduction in pain was achieved with a single injection of PRP compared with multiple injections, a total injected dose of PRP <15 mL compared with ≥15 mL, and use of a leukocyte-poor PRP preparation compared with leukocyte-rich PRP. There were no lasting adverse effects. Conclusion: Low- and moderate-quality evidence suggests that PRP reduces pain and improves function at the end-point follow-up of studies compared with the baseline. Moderate-quality evidence suggests that a larger reduction in pain is achieved with a single injection of PRP compared with multiple injections, and low-quality evidence attributes a larger reduction of pain with a total injected dose of PRP <15 mL compared with ≥15 mL and using leukocyte-poor PRP compared with leukocyte-rich PRP.
Relationship Dynamics and Abusive Interactions in a National Sample of Youth and Young Adults
Authors: Mumford Elizabeth A. , Liu Weiwei , Copp Jennifer E. , Taylor Bruce G. , MacLean Kai , Giordano Peggy C. 
Published: June 2022

Stemming intimate partner violence among adults demands earlier education and skill-building supportive of healthy youth and young adult dating relationships. The current U.S.-based study examines a spectrum of youth and young adult relationship dynamics (RDs), inclusive of abusive interactions. In a nationally representative cohort of youth aged 10–18 at baseline and one parent or caregiver, survey responses regarding RDs from 618 participants ages 15–23 at wave 5 follow-up were analyzed. Latent class analysis of four positive dynamics, six problematic dynamics, and three scales of adolescent relationship abuse (ARA) were estimated, yielding four latent profiles of dating RDs. Relationships characterized by Unhealthy and Intense RDs both exhibited high probability of ARA but differed from each other in terms of other positive and problematic dynamics. Relationships characterized by Disengaged RDs had lower probability of ARA but elevated probability of awkward communications, negative feelings, social liability, and other challenging dynamics. Several baseline covariates were significantly associated with profiles of dating RDs approximately 5 years later. Younger participants were more likely to subsequently fall in an Intense or Disengaged RDs profile, as were participants with baseline emotional health problems. Further, classification in the Unhealthy RDs profile was less likely for participants reporting a better baseline relationship with their parents and more likely for those exposed to violence in childhood. These findings suggest that in addition to developmental maturity, youth and young adults would benefit from closer investigation and processing of past emotional and relational issues and traumas to foster healthier dating relationships.
A comparative study of treatment interventions for patellar tendinopathy: a secondary cost-effectiveness analysis
Authors: Fernández-Sanchis Daniel , López-Royo María Pilar , Jiménez-Sánchez Carolina , Herrero Pablo , Gómez-Barrera Manuel , Calvo Sandra 
Published: June 2022

Objective: To compare the cost-effectiveness of three patellar tendinopathy treatments. Design: Secondary (cost-effectiveness) analysis of a blinded, randomised controlled trial, with follow-up at 10 and 22 weeks. Settings: Recruitment was performed in sport clubs. The diagnosis and the intervention were carried out at San Jorge University. Participants: The participants were adults between 18 and 45 years (n = 48) with patellar tendinopathy. Interventions: Participants received percutaneous needle electrolysis, dry needling or sham needling, all of which were combined with eccentric exercise. Main outcome measures: Costs, quality-adjusted life years and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio were calculated for each group. Results: The total cost per session was similar in the three groups: €9.46 for the percutaneous needle electrolysis group; €9.44 for the dry needling group; and €8.96 for the sham group. The percutaneous needle electrolysis group presented better cost-effectiveness in terms of quality-adjusted life years and 96% and 93% probability of being cost-effective compared to the sham and dry needling groups, respectively. Conclusion: Our study shows that percutaneous needle electrolysis has a greater probability of being cost-effective than sham or dry needling treatment.
Short-term IPO Performance Amidst Fearof COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from India
Authors: Maheshwari (Totla) Madhu , Kumar Anil 
Published: June 2022

The study of investor behaviour in and around tail events is important as these impact market returns. Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, financial markets worldwide have seen enormous falls amid widespread uncertainty initially and then bounced back strongly with greater momentum. This article investigates the short-term performance of public issues which had their debut on the Indian Stock exchanges during the time of the COVID-19 pandemic. It also analyses the impact of fear of the pandemic on underpricing, if any and the factors impacting their performance. It compares the pre-COVID and post-COVID initial public offerings (IPOs) in Indian Capital Market with a sample of 158 listings across nine years from 2013 to 2021 on the main board segment of the National Stock Exchange (NSE) and Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE). With the help of the t-test and multivariate regression applied on subscription data, listing data, listing gains, issue size, return on net worth, age and other factors, a more active retail investor group emerges with a statistically significant increase in underpricing during the COVID-19 era. The study provides strong evidence that the pandemic contributed towards increase in number of firms getting listed and higher levels of underpricing. It also suggests that the impact was particularly on the investors’ sentiment with increase in retail subscription four folds. Desire to synthesize short term benefits and over optimism among the retail investors, has led to such increase. We summarize that in the post pandemic era, higher than usual listing gains and larger than usual issue sizes are affected by a radical shift in Indian retail investor behaviour. Tail events like COVID-19 have changed the way Indian investors behave and invest in IPO’s causing them to base their decisions on speculative metrics rather than the actual fundamentals of the issue. This article is a first-of-its-kind study to examine the impact of the pandemic on the equity market practices in India, namely, the anomaly of underpricing of IPOs or new listings on the main board segment.