bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Angle Shear Testing of 15.2 mm Seven Wire Cable Bolt
Authors: Aziz Naj , Mirzaghorbanali Ali , Anzanpour Sina , Rastegarmanesh Ashkan , Khaleghparat Saman , Nemcik Jan , Oh Joung , Si Guangyao 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper focuses on the experimental study of shear testing of 15.2 mm, 25 t capacity seven wire cables at zero, 30° and 45° angles using two different shear testing facilities at the University of Wollongong (UOW) and the University of Southern Queensland (USQ) in Toowoomba. A circular double-shear rig MK-IV was used for testing cable perpendicular to the sheared joint faces (zero angle of orientation), while testing the cable at 30° and 45° was carried out using a larger-size rectangular-shaped rig. Testing was carried out based on the double-shear testing methodology wherein cable bolts were fully encapsulated using Stratabinder HS inside of three concrete blocks representing host rocks. This study was part of the tri-universities-funded ACARP project C27040 awarded jointly to the University of New South Wales, University of Wollongong and University of Southern Queensland. The objective of the experimental testing programme was to provide the essential information for the development of numerical models that included not only the technical parameters, but also the behavioural outcomes from various tests with respect to the angles of testing and their effect on the nature of cable failure, be it pure shear, tensile shear or shear tensile, cable pretension and the credibility of the effectiveness of the Barrel and Wedge (B&W) anchorage system were evaluated. Laboratory facilities at both UOW and USQ were used in the study. The prepared double-shear samples were then positioned inside of compression testing machines and were subjected to shear testing. The values of shear load and displacement were recorded for various inclinations angles. It was found that increased angle of shear contributes to increased stiffness of the cable in shear with other parameters being equal. Subroutine codes were developed in UDEC and 3DEC to simulate shear behaviour of cable bolts installed in angles for different pretension loads. The numerical simulations indicated that UDEC and 3DEC can simulate the general shear behaviour of cable bolts reasonably well for various inclination angles and pretension values.
Perpetrators and victims of cyberbullying among youth with conduct disorder
Authors: Baumann Sarah , Bernhard Anka , Martinelli Anne , Ackermann Katharina , Herpertz-Dahlmann Beate , Freitag Christine , Konrad Kerstin , Kohls Gregor 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDue to modern technological innovations, aggressive behaviors have expanded into the cyberspace, creating a new matter of public concern: cyberbullying. Antisocial and aggressive behaviors, including bullying are characteristic for children and adolescents diagnosed with conduct disorder (CD), raising the question whether these youths are highly involved in cyberbullying experiences, too. 206 participants with CD versus typically developing controls (TDCs) aged 9–19 years (57% girls) were included in the study. Individuals completed several self-report measures investigating cyber- and traditional bullying experiences, and hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted to explain the relationship between cyberbullying victimization and perpetration with demographic and clinical variables. Experiences of cyberbullying victimization and perpetration were significantly higher among youth with CD compared to TDCs, and this was accompanied by significantly higher scores on a measure of traditional bullying in CD versus TDCs. CD diagnosis, female sex and higher levels of callous-unemotional (CU) traits were each uniquely associated with increased experiences of cyberbullying victimization, whereas CD diagnosis, higher levels of CU traits and older age were each uniquely associated with increased experiences of cyberbullying perpetration. Individuals with CD, compared to TDCs are at higher risk of becoming cyberbully victims and perpetrators, hence representing an important novel aspect in the assessment and treatment of these youths.
Guidance on the need for contraception related to use of pharmaceuticals: the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development Study Group for providing information on the proper use of pharmaceuticals in patients with reproductive potential
Authors: Suzuki Nao , Takai Yasushi , Yonemura Masahito , Negoro Hiromitsu , Motonaga Shinya , Fujishiro Noriko , Nakamura Eishin , Takae Seido , Yoshida Saori , Uesugi Koji , Ohira Takashi , Katsura Aiko , Fujiwara Michio , Horiguchi Itsuko , Kosaki Kenjiro , Onodera Hiroshi , Nishiyama Hiroyuki 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicines Agency (EMA) have published guidelines on the use of cancer treatments in young people of reproductive potential. However, no such guideline is available in Japan. Therefore, this project aimed to gather relevant data and draft a respective guidance paper.

Methods
From April 2019 to March 2021, the Study Group for Providing Information on the Proper Use of Pharmaceuticals in Patients with Reproductive Potential at the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development gathered opinions from experts in reproductive medicine, toxicology, and drug safety measures. The group considered these opinions, the FDA and EMA guidelines, and relevant Japanese guidelines and prepared a guidance paper, which they sent to 19 related organizations for comment.

Results
By November 2020, the draft guidance paper was completed and sent to the related organizations, 17 of which provided a total of 156 comments. The study group finalized the guidance paper in March 2021.

Conclusions
The “Guidance on the Need for Contraception Related to Use of Pharmaceuticals” (The report of the Study Group for Providing Information on the Proper Use of Pharmaceuticals in Patients with Reproductive Potential, Research on Regulatory Science of Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development: JP20mk0101139) is expected to help Japanese healthcare professionals provide fertility-related care and advice to adolescents, and young adults with cancer and their families.
What do faculty members know about universal design and digital accessibility? A qualitative study in computer science and engineering disciplines
Authors: Sanderson Norun Christine , Kessel Siri , Chen Weiqin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPurpose Students in higher education are a diverse group comprising people with different backgrounds and abilities. Regulations require that digital learning materials and platforms employed in higher education accommodate this diversity. Furthermore, they require faculty members to have an understanding of universal design and digital accessibility, as well as practical knowledge of how to make learning materials and courses accessible for more students. The goal of this research is to gain insight into the status of such knowledge among faculty members. Methods The research presented in this paper involved a qualitative study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 35 faculty members employed in higher education institutions (HEIs) in Norway and Poland. The participants worked in the computer science and engineering disciplines. The data was analysed using thematic analysis, and two main themes and six sub-themes were identified. Results We found that most participants lack sufficient understanding of digital barriers and assistive technologies. Very few were aware of legislation and guidelines related to universal design. Most importantly, the majority lack practical knowledge on how to make digital learning materials and courses accessible. Furthermore, the solutions they propose for addressing the barriers are intuitive and only encompass barriers that are easy to recognise and identify. Conclusion The findings indicate that there is a gap between legislation and implementation in practice when it comes to making digital learning materials accessible in higher education. The lack of knowledge among faculty members shows that training is necessary to increase understanding and practical knowledge, and HEIs should prioritise this in strategies and action plans going forward.
Landscape simplification increases Bactrocera oleae abundance in olive groves: adult population dynamics in different land uses
Authors: Paredes Daniel , Alves João Frederico , Mendes Sara , Costa José Miguel , Alves Joana , da Silva António Alves , Sousa José Paulo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBactrocera oleae is the main pest in olive groves, and its management requires a sustainable perspective to reduce the use of chemical products. Landscape context is being considered as an important driver of pest reduction, but results on B. oleae show inconsistency to date. Most of landscape-pest control studies focus on the dynamics of the pests within the focal crop, ignoring these dynamics in other land uses. Here we present a study in which we analyze the seasonal population dynamics of the olive pest B. oleae in the most important land uses of a typical olive landscape in Portugal. We found that B. oleae is present in all the land uses and the dynamics are very similar to those in the olive groves. However, the presence of these land uses in the landscape did not display any increase in B. oleae abundance within the olive groves. In contrast, a landscape mainly composed by olive groves increased the abundance of this pest. Importantly, more diverse landscapes surrounding olive groves reduce the abundance of the olive fly. Based on these findings, we can conclude that B. oleae is present in all the land uses of the studied landscape but that this presence does not imply an increase of B. oleae in olive groves. Indeed, other land uses can promote landscape diversification which is a driver of the reduction of B. oleae populations in olive groves. We thus encourage olive stakeholders to increase landscape diversification around their farms by promoting/restoring other crops/habitats.
A social exclusion perspective on loneliness in older adults in the Nordic countries
Authors: Dahlberg Lena , McKee Kevin J. , Lennartsson Carin , Rehnberg Johan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSeveral factors associated with loneliness are also considered indicators of social exclusion. While loneliness has been proposed as an outcome of social exclusion, there is limited empirical evidence of a link. This study examines the associations between social exclusion indicators and loneliness in older adults (60+ years) in four Nordic countries. Data from four waves of the European Social Survey were pooled, providing a total of 7755 respondents (Denmarkn = 1647; Finlandn = 2501, Norwayn = 1540; Swedenn = 2067). Measures of loneliness, demographic characteristics, health, and eight indicators of social exclusion were selected from the survey for analysis. Country-specific and total sample hierarchical logistic regression models of loneliness were developed. Significant model improvement occurred for all models after social exclusion indicators were added to models containing only demographic and health variables. Country models explained between 15.1 (Finland) and 21.5% (Sweden) of the variance in loneliness. Lower frequency of social contacts and living alone compared to in a two-person household was associated with a higher probability of loneliness in all countries, while other indicators were associated with loneliness in specific countries: lower neighbourhood safety (Sweden and Denmark); income concern (Sweden and Finland); and no emotional support (Denmark, Finland, and Sweden). A robust relationship was apparent between indicators of social exclusion and loneliness with the direction of associations being highly consistent across countries, even if their strength and statistical significance varied. Social exclusion has considerable potential for understanding and addressing risk factors for loneliness.
Epidemiological geography at work: An exploratory review about the overall findings of spatial analysis applied to the study of CoViD-19 propagation along the first pandemic year
Authors: Pranzo Andrea Marco Raffaele , Dai Prà Elena , Besana Angelo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe present work aims to give an overview on the international scientific papers related to the territorial spreading of SARS-CoV-2, with a specific focus upon applied quantitative geography and territorial analysis, to define a general structure for epidemiological geography research. The target publications were based on GIS spatial analysis, both in the sense of topological analysis and descriptive statistics or lato sensu geographical approaches. The first basic purpose was to organize and enhance the vast knowledge developments generated hitherto by the first pandemic that was studied “on-the-fly” all over the world. The consequent target was to investigate to what extent researchers in geography were able to draw scientifically consistent conclusions about the pandemic evolution, as well as whether wider generalizations could be reasonably claimed. This implied an analysis and a comparison of their findings. Finally, we tested what geographic approaches can say about the pandemic and whether a reliable spatial analysis routine for mapping infectious diseases could be extrapolated. We selected papers proposed for publication during 2020 and 209 articles complied with our parameters of query. The articles were divided in seven categories to enhance existing commonalities. In some cases, converging conclusions were extracted, and generalizations were derived. In other cases, contrasting or inconsistent findings were found, and possible explanations were provided. From the results of our survey, we extrapolated a routine for the production of epidemiological geography analyses, we highlighted the different steps of investigation that were attained, and we underlined the most critical nodes of the methodology. Our findings may help to point out what are the most critical conceptual challenges of epidemiological mapping, and where it might improve to engender informed conclusions and aware outcomes.
Husserl’s Taxonomy of Action
Authors: Spano Nicola 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn the present article I discuss, in confrontation with the most recent studies on Husserl’s phenomenology of acting and willing, the taxonomy of action that is collected in the volume ‘Wille und Handlung’ of the Husserliana edition Studien zur Struktur des Bewussteins. In so doing, I first present Husserl’s universal characterization of action (Handlung) as a volitional process (willentlicher Vorgang). Then, after clarifying what it means for a process to have a character of volitionality (Willentlichkeit), I illustrate the various types of actions, which Husserl distinguishes as ‘straightforward’ (schlicht) or ‘deciding’ (entscheidend), ‘primary’ (primär) or ‘secondary’ (sekundär), ‘inner’ (innere) or ‘outer’ (äußere), ‘immediate’ (unmittelbar) or mediate (mittelbar), ‘simple’ (einfach) or ‘compound’ (zusammengesetzt). Finally, I consider Husserl’s discussion of the direction and foundation of action.
Population growth, family planning and the Paris Agreement: an assessment of the nationally determined contributions (NDCs)
Authors: Dodson Jenna , Dérer Patricia , Cafaro Philip , Götmark Frank 
Published: March 2022

AbstractUnder the Paris Agreement, nations made pledges known as nationally determined contributions (NDCs): national climate plans detailing countries’ ambitions to adapt to climate change and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Population growth is a driver of both climate vulnerability and climate-altering emissions. We asked, to what extent do countries take population growth into account in their NDCs, beyond simple statements of population trends? Our research method was a comprehensive text review of 164 NDCs submitted by countries. About one-third (49) of countries’ NDCs either link population growth to a negative effect and/or identify population growth as a challenge or trend affecting societal needs. Common impacts of population growth noted were increased energy demand, natural resource degradation, vulnerability to climate impacts, and decreased food and water security. Seven NDCs included strategies to slow population growth, and none specified implementation measures. Overall, the adaptation potential and mitigation co-benefits associated with slowing population growth through meeting the unmet need for family planning are largely overlooked in national NDC documents, suggesting that they are also neglected in countries’ climate change planning. In upcoming rounds of NDC updates, we recommend that governments consider the potential impact of population growth on adaptation and mitigation efforts, prioritize meeting their unmet needs for family planning, and integrate population-health-environment projects in their national climate plans.
Video analytics using deep learning for crowd analysis: a review
Authors: Bhuiyan Md Roman , Abdullah Junaidi , Hashim Noramiza , Al Farid Fahmid 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGathering a large number of people in a shared physical area is very common in urban culture. Although there are limitless examples of mega crowds, the Islamic religious ritual, the Hajj, is considered as one of the greatest crowd scenarios in the world. The Hajj is carried out once in a year with a congregation of millions of people when the Muslims visit the holy city of Makkah at a given time and date. Such a big crowd is always prone to public safety issues, and therefore requires proper measures to ensure safe and comfortable arrangement. Through the advances in computer vision based scene understanding, automatic analysis of crowd scenes is gaining popularity. However, existing crowd analysis algorithms might not be able to correctly interpret the video content in the context of the Hajj. This is because the Hajj is a unique congregation of millions of people crowded in a small area, which can overwhelm the use of existing video and computer vision based sophisticated algorithms. Through our studies on crowd analysis, crowd counting, density estimation, and the Hajj crowd behavior, we faced the need of a review work to get a research direction for abnormal behavior analysis of Hajj pilgrims. Therefore, this review aims to summarize the research works relevant to the broader field of video analytics using deep learning with a special focus on the visual surveillance in the Hajj. The review identifies the challenges and leading-edge techniques of visual surveillance in general, which may gracefully be adaptable to the applications of Hajj and Umrah. The paper presents detailed reviews on existing techniques and approaches employed for crowd analysis from crowd videos, specifically the techniques that use deep learning in detecting abnormal behavior. These observations give us the impetus to undertake a painstaking yet exhilarating journey on crowd analysis, classification and detection of any abnormal movement of the Hajj pilgrims. Furthermore, because the Hajj pilgrimage is the most crowded domain for video-related extensive research activities, this study motivates us to critically analyze the crowd on a large scale.
Geotechnical characterization and stability analysis of subaqueous slopes in Lake Lucerne (Switzerland)
Authors: Shynkarenko Anastasiia , Kremer Katrina , Stegmann Sylvia , Bergamo Paolo , Lontsi Agostiny Marrios , Roesner Alexander , Hammerschmidt Steffen , Kopf Achim , Fäh Donat 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTsunamis occur not only in marine settings but also in lacustrine environments. Most of the lacustrine tsunamis are caused by seismically- or aseismically-triggered mass movements. Therefore, an assessment of the stability of subaqueous slopes is crucial for tsunami hazard assessment in a lake. We selected Lake Lucerne (Switzerland) as a natural laboratory to perform an in-depth geotechnical characterization of its subaqueous slopes. This lake experienced documented tsunamis in 1601 and 1687. Some of its slopes still bear sediment volumes with a potential for tsunamigenic failure. To identify such slopes, we interpreted available reflection seismic data and analyzed the bathymetric map. Then, we performed 152 dynamic Cone Penetration Tests with pore pressure measurement (CPTu) and retrieved 49 sediment cores at different locations in the lake. These data were used to characterize the failure-prone sediments and to evaluate the present-day static stability of subaqueous slopes. Obtained results allowed the definition of three classes of slopes in terms of static stability: unstable slopes, stable slopes close to the unstable state, and stable areas. Non-deltaic slopes with thicker unconsolidated fine-grained sediment drape and moderate-to-high slope gradients (> 5–10°) have the lowest Factor of Safety. In agreement with previous studies, the failure plane for the non-deltaic slopes is embedded within the fine-grained glaciolacustrine sediments. Deltaic slopes with prevailing coarse-grained sediments mostly appear statically stable. Finally, we generalized the measured undrained shear strength profiles $${s}_{u}(z)$$

s
u

(
z
)

into the depth-dependent power-law models. These models define the $${s}_{u}$$

s
u

of Lake Lucerne’s sediments and can be applied to other lakes with similar sedimentation history.
Detection of cardiac apoptosis by [18F]ML-10 in a mouse model of permanent LAD ligation
Authors: Fischer Maximilian , Olivier Jessica , Lindner Simon , Zacherl Mathias J. , Massberg Steffen , Bartenstein Peter , Ziegler Sibylle , Brendel Matthias , Lehner Sebastian , Boening Guido , Todica Andrei 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The loss of viable cardiac cells and cell death by myocardial infarction (MI) is still a significant obstacle in preventing deteriorating heart failure. Imaging of apoptosis, a defined cascade to cell death, could identify areas at risk.

Procedures
Using 2-(5-[18F]fluoropentyl)-2-methyl-malonic acid ([18F]ML-10) in autoradiography and positron emission tomography (PET) visualized apoptosis in murine hearts after permanent ligation of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) inducing myocardial infarction (MI). 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]FDG) PET imaging localized the infarct area after MI. Histology by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining validated apoptosis in the heart.

Results
Accumulation of [18F]ML-10 was evident in the infarct area after permanent ligation of the LAD in autoradiography and PET imaging. Detection of apoptosis by [18F]ML-10 is in line with the defect visualized by [18F]FDG and the histological approach.

Conclusion
[18F]ML-10 could be a suitable tracer for apoptosis imaging in a mouse model of permanent LAD ligation.