bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic review of guideline-recommended medications prescribed for treatment of low back pain
Authors: Price Morgan R. , Cupler Zachary A. , Hawk Cheryl , Bednarz Edward M. , Walters Sheryl A. , Daniels Clinton J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo identify and descriptively compare medication recommendations among low back pain (LBP) clinical practice guidelines (CPG).MethodsWe searched PubMed, Cochrane Database of Systematic Review, Index to Chiropractic Literature, AMED, CINAHL, and PEDro to identify CPGs that described the management of mechanical LBP in the prior five years. Two investigators independently screened titles and abstracts and potentially relevant full text were considered for eligibility. Four investigators independently applied the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) II instrument for critical appraisal. Data were extracted for pharmaceutical intervention, the strength of recommendation, and appropriateness for the duration of LBP.Results316 citations were identified, 50 full-text articles were assessed, and nine guidelines with global representation met the eligibility criteria. These CPGs addressed pharmacological treatments with or without non-pharmacological treatments. All CPGS focused on the management of acute, chronic, or unspecified duration of LBP. The mean overall AGREE II score was 89.3% (SD 3.5%). The lowest domain mean score was forapplicability,80.4% (SD 5.2%), and the highest wasScope and Purpose,94.0% (SD 2.4%). There were ten classifications of medications described in the included CPGs: acetaminophen, antibiotics, anticonvulsants, antidepressants, benzodiazepines, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), opioids, oral corticosteroids, skeletal muscle relaxants (SMRs), and atypical opioids.ConclusionsNine CPGs, included ten medication classes for the management of LBP. NSAIDs were the most frequently recommended medication for the treatment of both acute and chronic LBP as a first line pharmacological therapy. Acetaminophen and SMRs were inconsistently recommended for acute LBP. Meanwhile, with less consensus among CPGs, acetaminophen and antidepressants were proposed as second-choice therapies for chronic LBP. There was significant heterogeneity of recommendations within many medication classes, although oral corticosteroids, benzodiazepines, anticonvulsants, and antibiotics were not recommended by any CPGs for acute or chronic LBP.
Upregulation of Runt related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1) contributes to tendon–bone healing after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using bone mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Kang Kai , Geng Qian , Cui Lukuan , Wu Lijie , Zhang Lei , Li Tong , Zhang Qian , Gao Shijun 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury could lead to functional impairment along with disabilities. ACL reconstruction often fails owing to the regeneration failure of tendon–bone interface. Herein, we aimed to investigate the effects of Runt related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1) on tendon–bone healing after ACL reconstruction using bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs).

Methods
BMSCs were isolated from the marrow cavity of rat femur, followed by the modification of RUNX1 with lentiviral system. Then, an ACL reconstruction model of rats was established with autografts.

Results
Results of flow cytometry exhibited positive-antigen CD44 and CD90, as well as negative-antigen CD34 and CD45 of the BMSCs. Then, we found that RUNX1-upregulated BMSCs elevated the decreased biomechanical strength of the tendon grafts after ACL reconstruction. Moreover, based on the histological observation, upregulation of RUNX1 was linked with better recovery around the bone tunnel, a tighter tendon–bone interface, and more collagen fibers compared to the group of BMSCs infected with LV-NC. Next, RUNX1-upregulated BMSCs promoted osteogenesis after ACL reconstruction, as evidenced by the mitigation of severe loss and erosion of the cartilage and bone in the tibial and femur area, as well as the increased number of osteoblasts identified by the upregulation of alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, and osteopontin in the tendon–bone interface.

Conclusion
Elevated expression of RUNX1 contributed to tendon–bone healing after ACL reconstruction using BMSCs.
Challenges related to self-assessment of active ageing during the Covid-19 pandemic in Sweden
Authors: Zingmark Magnus , Nordeström Frida , Iwarsson Susanne 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objective
The aim is to describe and reflect upon potentially pandemic-related impact on self-assessments of active ageing. As part of the baseline data collection in the Prospective RELOC-AGE (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04765696) study, telephone interviews, including the University of Jyvaskyla Active Aging Scale (UJACAS) were conducted with 820 people 55 years or older listed with an interest of relocation at three housing companies in Sweden. Field notes alongside the interviews focused on two topics: (1) how respondents reasoned and replied to the questions included in the UJACAS; (2) whether there were specific items that seemed to be affected by the pandemic.

Results
For four items (Participating in events, Exercising, Maintaining friendships, Getting to know new people), recurrent comments indicated that respondents had been affected by the pandemic situation regarding one or more of the facets in UJACAS: will to act, ability to act, opportunity to act, or frequency or extent of doing the activity. Opportunities to act was most frequently commented on as a factor affected by restricted participation in activities. As Prospective RELOC-AGE is a longitudinal study focused on associations between housing, relocation and active ageing, it is imperative to consider the potential pandemic-related impact on baseline data in future analyses.
Age dependent prevalence of the supraacetabular fossa in children, adolescents and young adults
Authors: Vaeth Desiree , Dietrich Tobias Johannes , Wildermuth Simon , Leschka Sebastian , Waelti Stephan , Graf Nicole , Fischer Tim 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objectives
The supraacetabular fossa (SAF) is an anatomical variant of the acetabular roof which may mimic a cartilage defect. Two different subtypes have been described: type 1 fluid-filled and type 2 cartilage-filled. The adult prevalence of SAF was reported between 10.5 and 12.6%. We aimed to determine SAF prevalence in a pediatric and young adult population and examine the potential remodeling of the subtypes over time.

Methods
A retrospective search of the institutional database for hip MRI of participants aged 4–25 years was carried out between 2010 and 2020. A total of 401 eligible MRIs of 323 participants were analyzed by two readers. The documented features were: existence of SAF, definition of subtype and measurements of the SAF in three dimensions. Logistic regression models were calculated to estimate the influence of age on the presence of SAF.

Results
Out of 323, 115 (35,6%) participants demonstrated a supraacetabular fossa. 63 (19.5%) participants presented subtype 1 and 51 (15.8%) type 2; one participant had both. The predicted probability for SAF increases until the age of 14, beyond 14 years, the combined predicted probability for both subtypes decreased again. In contrast to SAF type 1, SAF type 2 was more prevalent with older age. The size of the SAF decreased with aging.

Conclusion
The supraacetabular fossa is most frequent in adolescents. With higher age, the prevalence and the size of the SAF decreased. This data supports the theory that the SAF is a developmental variant.
Chronic unilateral groin pain in a young patient who injects drugs: a case report of needle fragment retentions
Authors: Laukkala Heidi , Arponen Otso , Murto Mika O , Nevalainen Olli PO 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Subcutaneously retained needle fragments in people who inject drugs (PWIDs) are a possible cause of local symptoms, most commonly pain and infections. It remains unknown how common retained needle fragments are among PWIDs.

Case presentation
A young PWID consulted a primary care physician due to chronic left-sided groin pain. The patient suspected retention of a broken needle as the cause. She had used a re-used needle 3 months earlier. A plain pelvic radiograph confirmed a needle fragment in the patient's left groin, and a computed tomography scan located it adjacent to the femoral artery and vein. Another asymptomatic needle fragment was found in the right groin.

Conclusion
Needle fragments are possible causes of local symptoms among PWIDs. The clinical examination presents a potential risk of needlestick injury to the examiner, especially because patients may not be aware of all needle fragments as some are asymptomatic.
A case of clinical stage I gastric cancer with a schwannoma on the left supraclavicular fossa suspected as Virchow’s node metastasis
Authors: Hara Yoshihiro , Nakamura Kenichi , Iwagami Shiro , Ogawa Katsuhiro , Sawayama Hiroshi , Iwatsuki Masaaki , Baba Yoshifumi , Miyamoto Yuji , Yoshida Naoya , Baba Hideo 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Gastric cancer is relatively prone to metastasis, although distant metastasis is rare during the early stage of disease. Here we report a rare case of schwannoma-associated Virchow metastasis of a patient with early-stage gastric cancer.

Case presentation
A 73-year-old man, diagnosed with early-stage gastric cancer, underwent preoperative scrutiny, and was only suspected to have Virchow metastasis. Owing to atypical metastatic findings, a lymph node biopsy was performed to confirm the diagnosis and to determine the treatment strategy. The pathology results of the biopsy showed a diagnosis of schwannoma, the patient was judged to be surgically resectable, and a laparoscopic gastrectomy was performed to achieve a radical resection. The patient is currently under outpatient observation with no apparent recurrence.

Conclusion
Systemic chemotherapy is generally administered according to the physician’s clinical judgment, although the results of a lymph node biopsy contribute to a more curative treatment. When nonspecific metastases are found, it is important to make a reliable diagnosis and to select a treatment that achieves a cure.
The Effects of Sex, Age and Performance Level on Pacing in Ultra-Marathon Runners in the ‘Spartathlon’
Authors: Knechtle Beat , Cuk Ivan , Villiger Elias , Nikolaidis Pantelis T. , Weiss Katja , Scheer Volker , Thuany Mabliny 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Pacing has been investigated in different kinds of ultra-marathon races, but not in one of the toughest ultra-marathons in the world, the ‘Spartathlon’.

Objective
The aim of the present study was to analyse the pacing of female and male finishers competing in the ‘Spartathlon’ in regards to their age and performance groups.

Methods
A total of 2598 runners (2255 men and 343 women) finishing ‘Spartathlon’ between 2011 and 2019 were analysed. We selected 10 checkpoints with split times corresponding to important race sections. Average running speed was calculated for each participant and the average checkpoint running speed for each of the 10 race checkpoints. Furthermore, to assess the pacing strategy of each runner, the percentage of change in checkpoint speed (CCS) in relation to the average race speed was calculated (for each of 10 checkpoints). Finally, the average change in checkpoint speed (ACCS) was calculated for each participant as a mean of the 10 CCSs.

Results
Both women and men slowed down through the first 7 checkpoints but increased running speed towards the end of the race (reverse J-shaped pacing). Men showed a significantly greater CCS in the first and second checkpoint (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively), whereas women showed a more significant change in CCS in the last checkpoint (p < 0.05). Furthermore, age and sex showed no effect on ACCS, whereas ACCS differed between the performance groups. In particular, the slowest and the fastest runners showed a more minor change in ACCS than the two medium groups of both men and women (p < 0.01).

Conclusions
In summary, successful finishers in ‘Spartathlon’ showed a reverse J-shaped pacing curve with a decrease in running speed from the start to the 7th checkpoint and an increase in running speed thereafter. This strategy was most probably due to the profile of the race course. Men showed a more significant change in checkpoint speed in the first two checkpoints, whereas women showed a more substantial change in the last checkpoint. Age and sex did not affect average checkpoint speed, whereas this speed was different between the different performance groups. The slowest and the fastest runners showed fewer changes in average checkpoint speed than the two medium groups in men and women.
Influence of the COVID-19 Lockdown and Restart on the Injury Incidence and Injury Burden in Men’s Professional Football Leagues in 2020: The UEFA Elite Club Injury Study
Authors: Waldén Markus , Ekstrand Jan , Hägglund Martin , McCall Alan , Davison Michael , Hallén Anna , Bengtsson Håkan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Studies on football and the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have mainly focused on the lockdown consequences for player fitness, the resumption of football training, and how to safely restart the league play, but injury data are scarce.

Objective
To describe the injury incidence and injury burden in men’s professional football teams during the pandemic year of 2020.

Methods
Nineteen teams in 12 countries prospectively registered data on player-exposure and time-loss injuries throughout 2020. All major football leagues were paused as a direct response to the pandemic in March 2020 and were thereafter completely cancelled or restarted after a lockdown interval of at least two months. Historical data from 43 teams in the same cohort during the five preceding years (2015–2019) were used as reference. Between-season and within-season comparisons were made for injury incidence (number of injuries per 1000 h) and injury burden (number of absence days per 1000 h) with 95% confidence intervals and interquartile ranges.

Results
There was no increased match injury incidence or injury burden following the restart in 2020 compared with other time periods of 2020 and the corresponding periods 2015–2019. There was an increased training injury incidence and injury burden immediately during the lockdown in 2020, and they remained elevated also following the restart, being higher in 2020 compared with 2015–2019, respectively. The injury characteristics during the first months of the new 2020/21 season (August/September–December) were similar between the five teams that cancelled their 2019/20 season in March 2020 and the 14 teams that restarted their season in May/June 2020.

Conclusions
There was no increased match injury incidence or injury burden following the COVID-19 lockdown and restart of the football season in 2020, but training injury incidence and injury burden were elevated and higher than in 2015–2019.
Health Risks and Musculoskeletal Problems of Elite Mobile Esports Players: a Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study
Authors: Lam Wing-Kai , Liu Rui-Tan , Chen Bob , Huang Xin-Zhou , Yi Jie , Wong Duo Wai-Chi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundMobile-gaming athletes sit in the same posture for prolonged periods, contributing to significant health risks. This study investigated the health profiles, fatigue, pain and complaints, and musculoskeletal problems of full-time mobile-gaming athletes.MethodsA total of 50 elite mobile-gaming athletes were involved in this study. They were the starting lineup players from all ten professional teams competing in a top-tier multiplayer online battle arena tournament. A survey was conducted to evaluate their fatigue patterns, pain levels, and complaints. A descriptive analysis was conducted to evaluate the athletes’ health profiles [body mass index (BMI), fat ratio], fatigue, number of complaints, and musculoskeletal problems. The associations of career duration with BMI, fat ratio, and the total number of confirmed injuries were then determined using Spearman’s rank correlation test.ResultsA total of 46% and 44% of the participants felt tired frequently and occasionally, while 34% and 58% experienced eyestrain frequently and occasionally, respectively. More than 30% of the participants reported headache and rhinitis. A longer esports career duration was associated with a reduction in BMI (r = −0.272,p = 0.056). Career duration had no significant association with smoking habits (p = 0.666), alcohol habits (p = 0.655), coffee habits (p = 0.946), rounds of games for which the player could maintain concentration (p = 0.253), ease of eyestrain (p = 0.569), tiredness (p = 0.510), dizziness (p = 0.071), or leg numbness (p = 0.318).ConclusionThe findings of this study stress the significance of esports injuries and indicate preventive measures for both athletes and recreational players.
Determinants and preferences for a crowdfunding project
Authors: Khan Mohammad Tariqul Islam 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper aims to investigate what determines young working individuals’ willingness to fund a crowdfunding project, and their preferences for a crowdfunding model (e.g. debt-based crowdfunding or equity-based crowdfunding). Using a survey dataset (n = 297) from an emerging country where crowdfunding is gaining popularity, the results demonstrate that an easy investment process, which is viewed as perceived development and innovation of crowdfunding, and financial training cause young working individuals’ higher willingness to invest in a crowdfunding project, whereas perceived risk involved with a crowdfunding project reduces the willingness to fund a crowdfunding project. With regard to the preference for a crowdfunding model, the results show that managing a bank account is positively related to the likelihood of investment in debt-based crowdfunding model. The findings provide implications for crowdfunding investors, project founders, and policy makers.
Egyptian consensus on treat-to-target approach of gout: evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for the management of gout
Authors: El Miedany Yasser , Gadallah Naglaa Ali , Mansour Mona , El Gaafary Maha , Mortada Mohamed , Eissa Mervat , Hassan Mohammed , Hassan Waleed , Tabra Samar Abdelhamed , Foad Nermeen , Ali Rehab , Medhat Basma , Adel Yasmin , Ghaleb Rasha , Elkaraly Nourhan , Saber Sally , Galal Salwa 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Introduction
New therapies, management approaches, and evidence regarding the management of gout have become available over the past years. This triggered the need for an updated recommendation for gout management. Through an up-to-date consensus evidence-based clinical practice guideline for the management of gout including recommendations for management of gout flares, optimum usage of urate lowering therapy for chronic gout, as well as patient education and lifestyle guidance. A wide systematic literature review was performed, and evidence-based recommendations were extrapolated, based on 16-key questions identified according to population, intervention, comparator, and outcomes (PICO) approach. These were evaluated by a panel consisted of 17 rheumatology experts via online surveys over a 2-round Delphi process. The purpose of this study is to offer an updated, consensus-evidence-based, and in the meantime patient-focused, expert recommendations for the treat-to-target approach of gout management.

Results
Results revealed that after round 2 ended, a total of 30-recommendation items, categorized into 10 domains, were obtained. Agreement with the recommendations (rank 7–9) ranged from 90 to 100%. Consensus was reached (i.e., ≥ 75% of respondents strongly agreed or agreed) on the wording, the grade of recommendation, and level of evidence of all the 30 clinical standards identified by the scientific committee.

Conclusions
This guideline provides updated evidence-based recommendations for the prevention and treatment of acute as well as chronic gout. This guideline provides an approach for physicians and patients making decisions on the management of gout. It will also facilitate improvement and uniformity of care.
Retrospective analysis of biochemical markers in COVID-19 intensive care unit patients
Authors: Ketenci Sema , Saraçoğlu İlkay , Duranay Recep , Elgörmüş Çağrı Serdar , Aynacıoğlu A. Şükrü 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the study was to evaluate the presence and effects of hematological and biological parameters in the diagnosis of the disease by performing blood tests on COVID-19 patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU).ResultsBiochemical parameters from the blood samples of 279 patients who were confirmed to have COVID-19 and met the criteria for admission to the ICU were compared between discharged and deceased patients. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed in terms of mortality and probability of being discharged. The predictive value of serum C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), lymphocyte, neutrophil, leucocyte, and platelet (PLT) levels was evaluated by measuring the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC).Comparisons made according to deceased and survival patients results revealed that while no statistically significant difference was observed between test groups lymphocyte and platelet-lymphocyte ratio values, statistically significant difference was found between the test groups regarding platelet, leukocyte, neutrophil, PCT, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and thrombocyte count × neutrophil count/lymphocyte count (SII) values.ConclusionsThis study showed that biochemical parameters examined are important in determining the prognosis of the disease and may be useful in determining the direction of the treatment process and predicting the risk of discharge or death after the initial evaluation of the patients in the ICU.
Experimental investigation to study the effect of reinforcement on strength behavior of fly ash
Authors: Ahmad Salman Asrar , Ahmad Malik Shoeb 
Published: May 2022

AbstractStabilization of the subgrade soil is a primary and significant phase in highway construction. In constructing a flexible pavement subgrade, soil investigation is an important parameter, as the load is transferred to it under a repetitive vehicle load. Subgrade soils with low strength of bearing are incapable of bearing heavy loads and are considered unsuitable for construction. The author proposed a solution for the weak subgrade of flexible pavements in this paper. This study aims to address weak subgrade issues by using fly ash reinforced with reinforcement. The California bearing ratio test (CBR) unsoaked was performed on the fly ash positioning with square and circular reinforcement patterns in the center of the loaded area. The test was performed using different reinforcement of diameters 1 and 2 and twisted 2 mm (1 mm diameter reinforcement overlap, then it was twisted over each other to make a 2 mm diameter twisted reinforcement). The CBR value for plain fly ash is found to be 14.64%, and the maximum CBR value for square and circular reinforcement is 34.89% and 24.23%, respectively. The percentage increase in the CBR value for square and circular reinforcement is to be 138.31% and 65.50%, respectively. The study found that the reinforcement spacing pattern affects the subgrade bearing capacity. As the reinforcement spacing decreases, the bearing capacity of the fly ash increases with the increment of reinforcement diameter. This study is important for subgrade soil strengthening since this fine reinforcement has increased the bearing capacity of poor soils.