bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mutually inclusive mechanisms of drought‐induced tree mortality
Authors: Hajek Peter , Link Roman M. , Nock Charles A. , Bauhus Jürgen , Gebauer Tobias , Gessler Arthur , Kovach Kyle , Messier Christian , Paquette Alain , Saurer Matthias , Scherer‐Lorenzen Michael , Rose Laura , Schuldt Bernhard 
Published: March 2022

AbstractUnprecedented tree dieback across Central Europe caused by recent global change‐type drought events highlights the need for a better mechanistic understanding of drought‐induced tree mortality. Although numerous physiological risk factors have been identified, the importance of two principal mechanisms, hydraulic failure and carbon starvation, is still debated. It further remains largely unresolved how the local neighborhood composition affects individual mortality risk. We studied 9435 young trees of 12 temperate species planted in a diversity experiment in 2013 to assess how hydraulic traits, carbon dynamics, pest infestation, tree height and neighborhood competition influence individual mortality risk. Following the most extreme global change‐type drought since record in 2018, one third of these trees died. Across species, hydraulic safety margins (HSMs) were negatively and a shift towards a higher sugar fraction in the non‐structural carbohydrate (NSC) pool positively associated with mortality risk. Moreover, trees infested by bark beetles had a higher mortality risk, and taller trees a lower mortality risk. Most neighborhood interactions were beneficial, although neighborhood effects were highly species‐specific. Species that suffered more from drought, especially Larix spp. and Betula spp., tended to increase the survival probability of their neighbors and vice versa. While severe tissue dehydration marks the final stage of drought‐induced tree mortality, we show that hydraulic failure is interrelated with a series of other, mutually inclusive processes. These include shifts in NSC pools driven by osmotic adjustment and/or starch depletion as well as pest infestation and are modulated by the size and species identity of a tree and its neighbors. A more holistic view that accounts for multiple causes of drought‐induced tree mortality is required to improve predictions of trends in global forest dynamics and to identify mutually beneficial species combinations.
Global geographical and latitudinal variation in butterfly species richness captured through a comprehensive country‐level occurrence database
Authors: Pinkert Stefan , Barve Vijay , Guralnick Robert , Jetz Walter 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMotivationInsects provide vital ecological functions and account for over half of all described species. An at least basic understanding of their geographical distributions is key for addressing a range of central ecological and evolutionary questions and to inform conservation. However, even for popular groups, such as butterflies, the knowledge of species’ distributions at global scale remains highly incomplete. To address this information gap, we present a data product of comprehensive country‐level occurrences for the 19,327 accepted species of extant butterflies. This compilation is based on a quality‐controlled combination of 165 literature sources and publicly available occurrence records from Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), harmonized to a global master taxonomy, and constitutes 159,659 (87,506 unique) species–country combinations. We developed a protocol for the integration of country‐level information from literature into the process of cleaning/validating species point occurrence records that facilitates dynamic updates of these country‐level checklist data. Such occurrence records are available for less than 54% of the species, with an apparent bias towards temperate regions and taxa. We use this combined database for a global assessment of the geographical variation in the diversity of butterflies, including an analysis of latitudinal gradients in the species richness—the first undertaken at this higher resolution. Country‐level richness decreases from the equator to the poles, both with and without control for country sizes. The presented data and analyses highlight the potential of leveraging multiple types of distribution information, particularly for taxa with limited data and their incorporation in ecological and conservation analysis. Our database and associated workflows provide a basis for an improved biogeographical understanding and conservation of insect biodiversity.Main types of variables containedCountry‐level occurrences and their sources.Spatial location and grainGlobal, 256 countries.Time period and grain1861 to 2021.Major taxa and level of measurement19,191 accepted species of extant butterflies.Software format.csv, .shp.
Association of tumor molecular factors with in‐transit metastasis in primary cutaneous melanoma
Authors: Jakub James W. , Weaver Amy L. , Meves Alexander 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn‐transit metastases (ITM) are a form of locoregional relapse representing intralymphatic metastatic spread and occur in approximately 4–9% of patients with melanoma >1 mm Breslow thickness. Our objective was to evaluate a combination of clinicopathologic risk factors and gene expression biomarkers predictive of ITM risk.MethodsWe used PCR to quantify gene expression in diagnostic biopsy tissue across a prospectively designed archival cohort of 854 consecutive thin and intermediate thickness primary cutaneous melanomas. The outcome of interest was ITM >90 days after a melanoma diagnosis. Cox proportional hazard models were fit to estimate each clinicopathologic and molecular characteristic’s association with the risk of ITM.ResultsThe 5‐year cumulative incidence of ITM was 3.2%. Clinical factors univariately associated with an increased risk of ITM were older age, greater Breslow thickness, greater mitotic rate, lower extremity location, ulceration, and a positive SLN biopsy. Of 108 genes tested, five were significantly upregulated and five significantly downregulated when evaluated in Cox models adjusted for age, Breslow thickness, mitotic rate, and lower extremity location. Among the upregulated genes, the strongest association was observed for interleukin‐8 (IL8).ConclusionA subset of gene expression biomarkers was identified as independently associated with the risk of ITM after adjusting for key covariates. Once sufficiently validated, our results may lead the way to regional therapy trials for a small, selected group of high‐risk patients.
Texture improvement of fermented minced pepper under vacuum impregnation with pectin methylesterase and CaCl2during fermentation
Authors: Wang Yingrui , Qin Keying , Chen Fei , Jiang Liwen , Zhou Hui , Ding Shenghua , Wang Rongrong 
Published: March 2022

SummaryFermented minced pepper (FMP) usually suffers from the deterioration of texture quality during fermentation, which can affect sensory and consumer acceptance. In this study, vacuum impregnation (VI) with CaCl2, pectin methylesterase (PME) and CaCl2and PME (PME + CaCl2 + VI) were compared to improve the texture quality of FMP. FMP treated with PME + CaCl2 + VI showed the relatively intact cells structure after fermentation. In that case, its firmness maintained high level, while water‐soluble pectin (WSP) content was minimum after fermentation. Meanwhile, the molar ratio of most monosaccharides of WSP in PME + CaCl2 + VI treated FMP decreased, while rhamnose (Rha) molar ratio significantly (p < 0.05) increased after fermentation. The high Rha content represents the stability of rhamnogalacturonan‐I linear skeleton of WSP. The negative effect on molecular weight of WSP was delayed by PME + CaCl2 + VI treatment, and its peak area and value increased after fermentation. Atomic force microscope images indicated that PME + CaCl2 + VI treatment could retain the long chain and branch structures, and inhibit the degradation of WSP net‐like structure at some extent. Hence, PME + CaCl2 + VI treatment was effective to improve the texture of FMP and inhibit the solubilisation of WSP via the formation of cross‐linked pectin chains between Ca2+and demethylesterified pectin.
Suppression of internal browning and maintenance of antioxidants in beeswax plus salicylic acid coated pear fruit during different storage conditions
Authors: Sinha Aeshna , Gill Parmpal Singh , Jawandha Sukhit Kaur , Grewal Satvir Kaur 
Published: March 2022

SummaryPostharvest application of edible waxes blended with antioxidants is an effective strategy to regulate postharvest quality and antioxidant losses in fruits. Effect of beeswax coatings (BW 1.0% and 2.0%) alone or enriched with salicylic acid (SA) on antioxidant properties of pear fruit was studied during 67 days of cold storage and 20 days of supermarket storage conditions respectively. Results showed that under both the storage conditions fruits coated with BW + SA maintained higher total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant activity and ascorbic acid content (AsA) as compared to the control. Furthermore, combined coatings significantly reduced polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activities and inhibited internal browning (IB) in pears throughout cold and supermarket storage. Overall, the BW 2.0% + SA 2.0 mM exhibited the most competitive effect in terms of preserving the antioxidant properties and preventing internal browning in pears during storage.
National survey of periodontal diseases in adolescents and young adults in Morocco
Authors: Kissa Jamila , Albandar Jasim M. , El Houari Bouchra , Khlil Nadia , Amine Khadija , Chemlali Sihame , Mikou Salwa , Gharibi Amina , El Ouadnassi Imane , Tricha Latifa , Himmiche Mohammed , Rifki Chouaib 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimNational surveys of periodontal diseases in children are rare. This study describes the first national survey of oral health of adolescents attending public schools in Morocco. We report the prevalence and demographic determinants of periodontal diseases, and generate population estimates for this young population.Materials and MethodsThis study used a multi‐stage probability sample comprising 14,667 students in 87 schools and 520 classrooms, representative of students attending grades 6–12 (age 12–18 years) in Morocco. The students were interviewed and then examined clinically to assess their periodontal status, which was classified according to the 2017 World Workshop. In addition, the diagnosis of aggressive periodontitis (AgP) was assessed.ResultsOf approximately 3 million students in this age cohort, 12.3% (or approximately 360,894 subjects) had periodontitis and 46.9% (1.4 million) had gingivitis. They comprised 10.8%, 2.9%, and 6.1% subjects with periodontitis stage I, II, and III/IV, respectively; 5.0%, or 148,336 subjects, had AgP. The prevalence rates were not significantly different by gender or urban status. However, the prevalence of AgP was particularly high in certain regions of Morocco.ConclusionsThe prevalence of staged periodontitis and AgP in this young population is among the highest reported in national surveys worldwide.
Do high performers always obtain supervisory career mentoring? The role of perspective‐taking
Authors: Wang Xiaoyu (Christina) , Zheng Xiaotong (Janey) , Guan Yanjun , Zhao Shuming 
Published: March 2022

Drawing on social exchange theory, this study examines when and why high performers may fail to obtain supervisory career mentoring (SCM). Although high performance by protégés often makes SCM more efficient and successful, we argue that supervising mentors may be reluctant to offer SCM due to the victimization of high performers that has been shown by recent findings in the supervision literature. We further propose that high performers should be high in perspective‐taking, a core relational competence and a key individual factor that moderates the relationship between protégé performance and SCM. Findings from a multi‐source multi‐time survey (Study 1) and an online experiment (Study 2) consistently show that when high performers are low in perspective‐taking, they are less likely to receive SCM. Moreover, the findings from Study 2 also show that low perspective‐taking by high performers significantly reduces supervisors’ expected benefits from mentoring them, which in turn leads to the supervisors having low willingness to mentor. Our research therefore highlights the importance of taking into account the interaction between task and relational competence in understanding how protégé characteristics may influence SCM in organizational settings. The paper concludes with theoretical and practical implications.Practitioner points

At workplace, employees tend to focus on improving their performance and task competence and believe that high performance can help them receive more resources to develop their career. However, if they cannot imagine oneself in another’s shoes, high performance can lead to less positive results.

High performers should take others’ perspective to understand what others feel and think to reduce potential threats seen by the supervisor and their colleagues. Therefore, task and relational competence are equally important.

Organizations can help their employees develop this perspective‐taking, including creating more opportunities (e.g., informal social events or formal training) for employees and their supervisors to understand each other’s work roles, perspectives and values, which can help employees to understand their supervisors’ views and stand in their supervisors’ shoes.
Before‐School Physical Activity Program's Impact on Social and Emotional Learning
Authors: Goh Tan Leng , Leong Chee Hoi , Fede Marybeth , Ciotto Carol 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDDespite the positive impact of social and emotional learning (SEL) on the emotional well‐being of children, literature on physical activity engagement and SEL among this population has been limited. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine whether school students' SEL would improve after participation in a before‐school physical activity program.METHODSA total of 138 fourth and sixth grade students from 1 elementary school and 1 middle school participated in this study. Seventy‐five students participated in the before‐school physical activity program, while 63 students were in the control group. The physical education teachers implemented the program 3 days per week, for 3 weeks. The participants completed a 10‐question adapted Devereux Student Strengths Assessment‐Mini before and after the program. Repeated measures ANOVA was run to determine the effects of the program on SEL competence.RESULTSThe fourth and sixth grade students who participated in the program reported a 7 and 10% improvement in pre‐ versus post‐intervention SEL competence, respectively. Students in the control group reported no change in their SEL competence.CONCLUSIONConsidering the benefits of a before‐school physical activity program on students' SEL, stakeholders should consider including more physical activity programming within school policies.
Effects of dietary Glycyrrhiza polysaccharide on growth performance, blood parameters and immunity in weaned piglets
Authors: Li Chenxu , Zhao Pengli , Shao Qi , Chen Wenbin , Huang Shucheng , Wang Xueying , Zhang Cai , He Lei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary Glycyrrhiza polysaccharide (GCP) on growth performance, blood parameters and immunity in weaned piglets. A total of 240 (10.33 ± 0.62 kg body weight) 35‐day‐old (Duroc × Landrace × White) weaned piglets were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments, with six replicate pens per treatment and 10 piglets per pen (five males and five females). The dietary treatments continued for 21 days and comprised a basal diet supplemented with 0 (control group), 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg GCP. The results showed that the inclusion of 1000 and 2000 mg/kg GCP increased the average daily gain and decreased the feed conversion rate compared with the control group (p < 0.05). The piglets treated with 500 and 1000 mg/kg GCP had a lower diarrhoeal incidence than the control group (p < 0.05). Moreover, supplementation with 1000 mg/kg GCP increased the counts of white blood cells, neutrophils, red blood cells, and platelets, and elevated alkaline phosphatase, total protein, globulin, glucose, triglyceride, immunoglobulin A, immunoglobulin G, and total antioxidant capacity levels (p < 0.05), and decreased malondialdehyde content compare with the control group (p < 0.05). In addition, relative to the control group, piglets fed 500 and 1000 mg/kg GCP had significantly lower expression of interleukin‐6 mRNA in spleen (p < 0.05). Our results indicate that dietary supplementation with GCP can improve growth performance, blood parameters and immunity in weaned piglets. Our study suggests that adding 1000 mg/kg GCP to the diet had the most beneficial effect.
Validity of chronotype questionnaires in adolescents: Correlations with actigraphy
Authors: Paciello Leonie M. , Quante Mirja , Weidenauer Corina , Rueschman Michael , Nieratschker Vanessa , Poets Christian F. , Randler Christoph 
Published: March 2022

SummaryThere are only a few validated chronotype and morningness–eveningness questionnaires for adolescents. We evaluated three such questionnaires, namely Morningness–Eveningness Stability Scale improved; reduced Morningness–Eveningness Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents; and Composite Scale of Morningness in adolescents against actigraphy. Fifty‐five healthy 13‐ to 16‐year‐old adolescents completed the Morningness–Eveningness Stability Scale improved, reduced Morningness–Eveningness Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents, Composite Scale of Morningness, and Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale, and provided a 7‐day actigraphy and sleep diary recording about their sleep–wake patterns. We examined the correlations between sleep–wake and activity parameters, and the questionnaires. The influence of age and sex on chronotype classification was studied using uni‐ and multivariate analyses. All three chronotype questionnaires showed good internal consistency and convergent validity. Spearman correlations reflected less daytime sleepiness, earlier sleep times, midpoints of sleep, and acrophase in morning‐oriented participants. Evening‐oriented participants had more sleepiness and later respective sleep–wake times. Chronotype classification differed significantly between questionnaires. The Composite Scale of Morningness classified more participants as morning types when compared with the reduced Morningness–Eveningness Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents (12 versus 7, respectively), and fewer adolescents as evening types (5 versus 9, respectively). Age and sex had no significant influence on questionnaire scores. The Morningness–Eveningness Stability Scale improved, reduced Morningness–Eveningness Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents, and Composite Scale of Morningness are valid instruments to determine circadian preference in adolescents; however, chronotype classification from the Composite Scale of Morningness and reduced Morningness–Eveningness Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents cannot be used interchangeably.
Primary tuberculous granuloma in the falciform ligament of liver
Authors: Wang Piao , Liu Xiang‐dong , Li Bo , Su Song 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIsolated tuberculous granuloma in the falciform ligament of the liver has never been reported. Here, we report a case of tuberculous granuloma in the falciform ligament of the liver of a 45‐year‐old woman who complained only of persistent right upper abdominal pain. On abdominal contrast‐enhanced CT and MRI, it is difficult to distinguish benign from malignant masses. Imaging on 18F‐FDG PET/CT showed high uptake of 18F‐FDG in the lesion, which was thus considered more likely to be malignant. However, postoperative pathological examination showed granulomatous inflammation with caseous necrosis, which was diagnosed as tuberculosis.
Direct and indirect mechanisms by which the gut microbiota influence host serotonin systems
Authors: Legan Theresa B. , Lavoie Brigitte , Mawe Gary M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMounting evidence highlights the pivotal role of enteric microbes as a dynamic interface with the host. Indeed, the gut microbiota, located in the lumen of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, influence many essential physiological processes that are evident in both healthy and pathological states. A key signaling molecule throughout the body is serotonin (5‐hydroxytryptamine; 5‐HT), which acts in the GI tract to regulate numerous gut functions including intestinal motility and secretion. The gut microbiota can modulate host 5‐HT systems both directly and indirectly. Direct actions of gut microbes, evidenced by studies using germ‐free animals or antibiotic administration, alter the expression of key 5‐HT‐related genes to promote 5‐HT biosynthesis. Indirectly, the gut microbiota produce numerous microbial metabolites, whose actions can influence host serotonergic systems in a variety of ways. This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding mechanisms by which gut bacteria act to regulate host 5‐HT and 5‐HT‐mediated gut functions, as well as implications for 5‐HT in the microbiota–gut–brain axis.
Ovarian cancer‐specific dysregulated genes with prognostic significance: scRNA‐Seq with bulk RNA‐Seq data and experimental validation
Authors: Liu Chang , Zhang Ying , Li Xiaohan , Wang Dandan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA major cause of gynecological cancer ‐related deaths worldwide, ovarian cancer is characterized by heterogeneity in both tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME). Our study aimed to characterize tumor cell heterogeneity and the infiltration of M2 tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) in the ovarian cancer TME by single‐cell RNA‐Seq (scRNA‐Seq) analysis combined with bulk RNA sequencing (bulk RNA‐Seq). Several highly variable genes were identified in ovarian cancer tissues, and tumor cell heterogeneity and infiltrating immune tumor cell heterogeneity were characterized in ovarian cancer cells. M2 TAMs in the TME were the predominant phenotype of TAM. Further, M2 TAM infiltration in the TME was negatively correlated with poor prognosis of ovarian cancer patients. Four M2 TAM‐associated genes (SLAMF7, GNAS, TBX2‐AS1, and LYPD6) correlated with the prognostic survival of ovarian cancer patients. Knockdown of SLAMF7 or GNAS mRNA repressed malignancy and cisplatin resistance of ovarian cancer cells. ScRNA‐Seq combined with bulk RNA‐Seq identified the same four genes associated with M2 TAMs. The prognostic risk score model based on these four genes may hold favorable predictive value for the prognosis of ovarian cancer patients.