bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Considerations for using reproduction data in toxicokinetic–toxicodynamic modeling
Authors: Jager Tjalling , Trijau Marie , Sherborne Neil , Goussen Benoit , Ashauer Roman 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Toxicokinetic–toxicodynamic (TKTD) modeling is essential to make sense of the time dependence of toxic effects, and to interpret and predict consequences of time-varying exposure. These advantages have been recognized in the regulatory arena, especially for environmental risk assessment of pesticides, where time-varying exposure is the norm. We critically evaluate the link between the modeled variables in TKTD models and the observations from laboratory ecotoxicity tests. For the endpoint reproduction, this link is far from trivial. The relevant TKTD models for sublethal effects are based on dynamic energy budget (DEB) theory, which specifies a continuous investment flux into reproduction. In contrast, experimental tests score egg or offspring release by the mother. The link between model and data is particularly troublesome when a species reproduces in discrete clutches and, even more so, when eggs are incubated in the mother's brood pouch (and release of neonates is scored in the test). This situation is quite common among aquatic invertebrates (e.g., cladocerans, amphipods, mysids), including many popular test species. In this discussion paper, we treat these and other issues with reproduction data, reflect on their potential impact on DEB-TKTD analysis, and provide preliminary recommendations to correct them. Both modelers and users of model results need to be aware of these complications, as ignoring them could easily lead to unnecessary failure of DEB-TKTD models during calibration, or when validating them against independent data for other exposure scenarios. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022;18:479–487. © 2021 SETAC
Epstein‐Barr virus‐related diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma type methotrexate‐associated lymphoproliferative disorders presenting in the adrenal gland
Authors: Doi Kazuki , Muramaki Mototsugu , Yamamoto Tetsuro , Katsura Daiki , Fukunaga Hiroyuki , Takahashi Kosuke , Matsumoto Minori , Yamada Yuji 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionMethotrexate‐associated lymphoproliferative disorders appear during treatment with methotrexate as an immunosuppressive drug. However, the mechanism and frequency are still unknown, and the treatment is undefined.Case presentationA 76‐year‐old woman was admitted to the hospital with back pain, and magnetic resonance imaging showed a tumor in the right adrenal region. She had received methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis. Enhanced computed tomography showed a tumor of 90 mm in diameter on the dorsal side of the liver abutting to the inferior vena cava. The preoperative diagnosis was a hepatic invasion of right adrenocortical carcinoma and right adrenalectomy was performed. The histopathological diagnosis was diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma. The final diagnosis was methotrexate‐associated lymphoproliferative disorders.ConclusionIt is important to consider methotrexate‐associated lymphoproliferative disorders before surgery when neoplastic lesions are found in patients taking methotrexate.
Optical coherence tomography evaluation of the spatiotemporal effects of3Dbone marrow stromal cell culture using a bioreactor
Authors: Yamaguchi Jun , Onodera Tomohiro , Homan Kentaro , Liang Xu , Matsuoka Masatake , Miyazaki Takuji , Yoshiaki Hosokawa , Saito Mitsuru , Iwasaki Norimasa 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPerforming cell culture in a three‐dimensional (3D) environment has various advantages. In cartilage tissue engineering, 3D in vitro cultures utilizing biomaterials and bioreactors can mimic the biological environment. However, the biggest drawback of these 3D culture systems is a limited ability to evaluate 3D cell distribution. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has recently been used to evaluate 3D cellular morphology and structure in a timely manner. Here, we showed that OCT could be used to visually assess the distribution and the morphology of bone marrow stromal cells under chondrogenic 3D cultivation using alginate gels and rotary culture. In particular, OCT was able to visualize living cells embedded in alginate gels in a non‐destructive and 3D manner, as well as quantitatively evaluate cell distribution and spheroid volume. We also found that cells were centralized in rotary culture but peripherally distributed in static culture, while rotary culture enhanced the hypertrophy of marrow stromal cells (MSCs) embedded in alginate gels. Together, our findings demonstrate that OCT can be used to evaluate the spatiotemporal effects of 3D cultivation using alginate gels and rotary culture. Therefore, this method may allow the observation of pre‐cultured tissue over time and the optimization of culture conditions for regenerative tissue engineering.
Evaluation of a cardiac troponin process flow at the chest pain center with the shortest turnaround time
Authors: Wang Hao , Wang Xinyue , Wang Kouqiong , Duan Xincen , Jiang Wenhai , Tang Bin , Pan Baishen , Wang Beili , Guo Wei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundEarly diagnosis of myocardial infarction is crucial in chest pain management and cardiac troponin (cTn) test is an important step in it. Process improvement to shorten the test turnaround time (TAT) may improve patients’ outcomes. The cTn test at chest pain center (CPC) of Zhongshan Hospital had the shortest TAT ever reported, but its process flow was not fully evaluated.MethodsWe performed a stepwise evaluation of CPC cTn TAT and explored the potential factor that might cause delay. The performance of CPC cTn test was also compared with cTn test and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) test ordered from emergency department (ED).ResultsAt least 95% of CPC cTn tests were completed in 60 min, while 62% in 30 min. The medians of monthly order‐to‐collect time, collect‐to‐received time, and received‐to‐result time were ~7 min, ~3 min, and ~13 min, respectively. The samples collected at the bedside had longer collect‐to‐received time than the ones collected at the blood draw site next to the laboratory. Compared to ED cTn test and ED HCG test, CPC cTn test took less time in each step. A combination of the sample type switch and the centrifugation time reduction contributed the most to the shortening of TAT, which was reflected in the received‐to‐result time.ConclusionsThe current process flow of CPC cTn test satisfied the requirements of chest pain management, giving an example of how to implement process improvement for emergency medicine to shorten TAT of laboratory tests.
Bringing about the data revolution in development: What data skills do aspiring development professionals need?
Authors: Bennett Rachel , Alberti Gianmarco , Çibik Aytekin , Eremenko Tatiana , Formosa Saviour , Formosa‐Pace Janice , Jiménez‐Buedo María , Lynch Kenneth , Salazar Leire , Ubeda Paloma 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe post‐2015 agenda calls for a ‘data revolution in development’ and recognises that statistical capacity amongst the workforce is a prerequisite for achieving it. Universities have a critical role to play in building this capacity. This paper reports insights from in‐depth interviews with development professionals in Malta, Spain, Turkey and the United Kingdom about current and future data skills needs. It presents recommendations on data skills training for aspiring development professionals informed by this evidence, with a particular focus on curriculum in social science related undergraduate programmes at universities.
Prediction of the performance of pre‐packed purification columns through machine learning
Authors: Jiang Qihao , Seth Sohan , Scharl Theresa , Schroeder Tim , Jungbauer Alois , Dimartino Simone 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPre‐packed columns have been increasingly used in process development and biomanufacturing thanks to their ease of use and consistency. Traditionally, packing quality is predicted through rate models, which require extensive calibration efforts through independent experiments to determine relevant mass transfer and kinetic rate constants. Here we propose machine learning as a complementary predictive tool for column performance. A machine learning algorithm, extreme gradient boosting, was applied to a large data set of packing quality (plate height and asymmetry) for pre‐packed columns as a function of quantitative parameters (column length, column diameter, and particle size) and qualitative attributes (backbone and functional mode). The machine learning model offered excellent predictive capabilities for the plate height and the asymmetry (90 and 93%, respectively), with packing quality strongly influenced by backbone (∼70% relative importance) and functional mode (∼15% relative importance), well above all other quantitative column parameters. The results highlight the ability of machine learning to provide reliable predictions of column performance from simple, generic parameters, including strategic qualitative parameters such as backbone and functionality, usually excluded from quantitative considerations. Our results will guide further efforts in column optimization, for example, by focusing on improvements of backbone and functional mode to obtain optimized packings.
Multiresidue screening of pesticides in Panax Ginseng C. A. Meyer by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Yue Ke‐Xin , Li Han‐Lin , Pi Zi‐Feng , Song Feng‐Rui , Wang Ying‐Ping , Liu Zhong‐Ying 
Published: March 2022

In this study, an efficient screening method based on a modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe extraction method combined with ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry was established for the determination of 90 pesticides residues in Panax Ginseng. The accuracy of the method was then verified by analyzing the false positive rate and the screening detection limit in Ginseng. The results revealed that the screening detection limit of 33 of 90 pesticide residues were 0.01 mg·kg−1, 22 species were 0.05 mg·kg−1, 11 species were 0.10 mg·kg−1, 8 species were 0.20 mg·kg−1, and another 16 species were greater than 0.20 mg·kg−1. A total of 73 pesticides were ultimately suitable to be practically applied for rapid analysis of pesticide residues in Ginseng. Finally, the established method was used to analyze the pesticide residues in 35 Ginseng samples available on the market. And the residual of dimethomorph, azoxystrobin, tebuconazole, and pyraclostrobin was relatively severe in Ginseng samples. This work expanded the range of pesticides detected and provided a rapid, effective method for pesticides screening in Ginseng.
Towards evaluating gully erosion volume and erosion rates in the Chambal badlands, Central India
Authors: Raj Raveena , Yunus Ali P. , Pani Padmini , Avtar Ram 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHigh‐resolution multi‐temporal digital elevation model (DEM) are key to accurate mapping of gully erosion volume change studies. Owing to the lack of multi‐temporal DEM at a high spatial resolution, gully development rate, and gully erosion‐fill volume change estimates in the Indian badlands are poorly studied. Our study explored the use of multi‐temporal TerraSAR‐X add‐on for digital elevation measurement (TanDEM‐X) derived elevation models to quantify the erosion volume and gully susceptibility mapping in the Chambal badlands, Central India. The average volume of gully erosion based on the DEM subtraction method in the study area was found to be 135 × 105 m3, and the estimated annual rate of soil erosion was ~284 t hr−1 yr−1. Using machine learning models, we trained these data for gully erosion susceptibilities and volume prediction for a larger study region; and validated the results with independent samples. The accuracy of the model in terms of area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) values has reached 0.85 for training and 0.87 for validation, indicating satisfactory model performance. After validation, the best fit model was implemented onto a testing site (no multi‐temporal DEM available) in order to predict erosion zones and erosion volume estimation. The model predicted that about 40% of the area is highly affected by gully erosion, with the maximum gullying process in the north‐Central and lowest in the southwest parts of the testing area. The research framework presented in this study can be useful in estimating the erosion rate in the badlands of the Chambal Valley and can be used effectively in ravine reclamation projects.
ORCID growth and field‐wise dynamics of adoption: A case study of the Toulouse scientific area
Authors: Heusse Marie‐Dominique , Cabanac Guillaume 
Published: March 2022

AbstractResearch‐focused information systems harvest and promote the scientific output of researchers. Disambiguating author identities is key when disentangling homonyms to avoid merging several persons' records. ORCID offers an identifier to link one's identity, affiliations and bibliography. While funding agencies and scholarly publishers promote ORCID, little is known about its adoption rate. We introduce a method to quantify ORCID adoption according to researchers' discipline and occupation in a higher‐education organization. We semi‐automatically matched the 6,607 staff members affiliated to the 145 labs of the Toulouse scientific area with the 7.3 million profiles at orcid.org. The observed ORCID adoption of 41.8% comes with discipline‐wise disparities. Unexpectedly, only 48.3% of all profiles listed at least one work and profiles with no works might just have been created to get an identifier. Those ‘empty’ profiles are of little interest for the entity disambiguation task. To our knowledge, this is the first study of ORCID adoption at the scale of a multidisciplinary scientific metropole. This method is replicable and future studies can target other cases to contrast the dynamics of ORCID adoption worldwide.
Highly Flame‐Retarded Epoxy Thermoset Imparted by Bio‐Based Phosphorus/Nitrogen‐Containing Furan Derivative with Enhanced Mechanical Toughness
Authors: Fu Liyun , liu Xing , Zhou Yubin , Wu Minghong , Liu Shumei , Zhao Jianqing , Mo Yueqi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA bio‐based phosphorus/nitrogen‐containing furan derivative, 6,6′′,6′′′‐((((1,3,5‐triazine‐2,4,6‐triyl) tris(oxy))tris(benzene‐4,1‐diyl))tris(((furan‐2‐ylmethyl) amino)methylene)) tris(dibenzo[c,e][1,2]oxaphosphinine 6‐oxide) (TFAD) is successfully synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The introduction of TFAD clearly lowers the activation energy for diglycidyl ether of a bisphenol A (DGEBA)/4,4′‐diaminodiphenyl methane (DDM) system. The DGEBA/DDM/ TFAD thermoset achieves UL‐94 V‐0 rating and possesses a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 30.1% as the content of phosphorus is up to 0.41 wt.%. Further, compared with unmodified epoxy thermoset, its peak heat release rate and total heat release experience 42.0% and 14.8% decrement, respectively. The flame‐retardant mechanism analysis confirms that TFAD exerts a fire‐retardant effect in both gaseous and condensed phases. Meanwhile, the impact strength of the flame‐retardant thermoset is enhanced by 35.6%, from 19.5 kJ m–2 for EP‐0 to 26.5 kJ m–2. This work provides a novel strategy to construct superior flame‐retarded epoxy thermosets with admirable impact performance.
Beyond the gimmick: How affective responses drive brand attitudes and intentions in augmented reality marketing
Authors: Zanger Vera , Meißner Martin , Rauschnabel Philipp A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAccording to recent research in augmented reality (AR) marketing, AR‐based product presentations have the potential to create extraordinary shopping experiences across the customer journey. However, the mechanisms that drive key marketing metrics, such as brand evaluations or purchase intentions, are yet to be thoroughly understood. Drawing on the Affect‐as‐Information Theory, this study placed affective responses, such as customers' enjoyment and inspiration, at the center of decision‐making and conducted two online experiments to empirically investigate (1) the differences in the intensity of affective responses between AR and non‐AR, (2) the interplay between affective and cognitive responses in shaping behavioral outcomes, and (3) the moderating role of customer‐specific factors (customers' AR familiarity and product knowledge) on affective responses. According to the results, although the affective responses increase purchase and word‐of‐mouth intentions directly as well as indirectly through product/brand attitudes, AR does not per se guarantee more positive affective responses; rather, they depend on the technical implementation of AR features and customers' AR expertise, among others.
Implementation and Outcomes of a Movement Disorder Society‐Sponsored Peer Reviewing Education and Mentoring Program
Authors: Di Luca Daniel G. , Kirby Alana E. , Goetz Christopher G. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundEffective dissemination of scientific results depends on competent peer reviewers. Participating as a reviewer is important for academic advancement, although no formal training in peer review has existed in the movement disorders field.ObjectivesTo report the design, implementation, and outcomes of a Peer Reviewing Education and Mentoring Program.MethodsWe enrolled 10 participants in a 1‐year mentored program with didactic training followed by two peer reviews with feedback from a senior mentor. Outcomes measures were an objective skills assessment and subjective questionnaire.ResultsParticipants were diverse in gender, age, and background. All participants were deemed competent reviewers by their mentors upon completion. Objective skills improved after didactic training and self‐assessment increased significantly after program completion (19.5 [12–25] to 29 [25–30], P < 0.001).ConclusionsThis dedicated program helped participants gain competence and confidence in the peer review process. We plan to continue the program while improving educational methods and assessments. © 2022 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
The role of request precision and perceived efficacy in increasing charitable donations
Authors: Hershberger Edmund , Hair Michael 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNonprofit organizations often rely on fundraising appeals to generate sufficient revenue to cover their charitable activities and operating expenses, and managers seek to optimize donations by refining how these appeals are worded. The current research examines three factors affecting the persuasiveness of fundraising appeals: precision of ask strings, provision of efficacy information, and donors' prior giving behavior. We predict higher donation amounts when fundraising appeals include precise ask strings and efficacy information (H1), with this effect manifesting primarily among new donors (H2). For Study 1, we recruited 193 participants on Amazon Mechanical Turk. Respondents were presented with a fundraising appeal including either precise or round ask strings, with or without an efficacy statement. For Study 2, we conducted a field study with a real local charity, sending fundraising appeals to 507 prospective donors. All respondents saw efficacy statements, along with either precise or round ask strings; donors were coded as new or repeat. The main dependent variable in both studies was donation amount, which was analyzed using two‐way ANOVA. In Study 1, precise ask strings yielded higher donations than round ask strings when efficacy information was provided, supporting H1. In Study 2, this effect held only among new donors, in support of H2. Our results demonstrate how very specific solicitations, combined with information about how funds will be used, can increase the yield of fundraising campaigns. Critically, since these effects are stronger among new donors, managers should employ them selectively. As only three factors were considered in our studies, future work should explore boundary conditions and covariates.
Development of rigid amorphous fraction in cold‐crystallized syndiotactic polystyrene films confined near the nanoscale: Novel analysis via ellipsometry
Authors: Chen Boran , Torkelson John M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRigid amorphous fraction (RAF) in syndiotactic polystyrene (sPS) thin films was studied as a function of crystalline fraction (CF). In contrast to bulk sPS, confined films yield close‐to‐amorphous sPS, thus allowing for a complete description of RAF development. To study thin‐film samples, we developed an ellipsometry‐based method to quantify CF and RAF. Maximum crystallinity was thickness dependent, indicating a strong effect of near‐nanoscale confinement on CF. ~360‐nm‐thick spin‐coated films were isothermally cold crystallized to tune CF from 1% to a maximum of 12%. Combining RAF characterized at low CF here by ellipsometry with results from an earlier differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)‐based study on bulk sPS with higher CF, a complete picture was obtained of RAF development as a function of CF in cold‐crystallized sPS. RAF increases from ~4% at 1% CF to ~16% for 10% < CF < 25%; above 25% CF, RAF decreases monotonically with increasing CF, reaching ~7% at a maximum 50% CF. Specific RAF (=RAF/CF) decreases with increasing CF, consistent with increasing crystal perfection with isothermal cold crystallization. This ellipsometry method can be an important tool for evaluating RAF, mobile amorphous fraction (MAF), and CF in semi‐crystalline polymer films and for studying confinement effects on RAF, MAF, and CF.
Identifying and quantifying sources of temporal and spatial uncertainty in assessing salmonid responses to watershed‐scale restoration
Authors: Rogers Mark , Selker John , Peterson James , Arismendi Ivan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDespite significant investments in watershed‐scale restoration projects, evaluation of their impacts on salmonids is often limited by inadequate experimental design. This project aimed to strengthen study designs by identifying and quantifying sources of temporal and spatial uncertainty while assessing population‐level salmonid responses in Before‐After‐Control‐Impact (BACI) restoration experiments. To evaluate sources of temporal uncertainty, meta‐analysis of 32 annual BACI experiments from the Pacific Northwest, USA was conducted. Experimental error was determined to be a function of the total temporal variation of both restoration and control salmonid population metrics and the degree of covariation, or synchrony, between these metrics (r2 = 1). However, synchrony was both weak ( = 0.18) and unrelated to experimental error (r = 0.01) while temporal variability was found to account for 91% of this error. Because synchrony did not reduce experimental error, we conclude that BACI designs will not normally exhibit greater power over uncontrolled Before‐After (BA) designs. To evaluate spatial uncertainty, hierarchical BACI designs were simulated. It was found that spatial variability of hypothetical steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) growth values within watersheds can cause mis‐estimation of the restoration effect and reduce power. While hierarchical BACI designs can examine both reach and watershed‐scale restoration effects simultaneously, due to probable mis‐estimation of the restoration effect size, these scales should be examined separately. Paired‐reach designs such as Extensive Post‐Treatment (EPT) provide powerful replicated local‐scale restoration experiments, which can build understanding of restoration‐ecological mechanisms. Knowledge gained from reach‐scale experiments should then be implemented on watershed‐scales and monitored within a non‐hierarchical framework.