bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Covid-19 Pandemic as Alibi for Less Vigorous Pursuit of Government Developmental Programmes in Nigeria: A Case Study Of Cross River State
Authors: Ozumba Lily Nnenna , Enang Agnes Ubana , Idiege Adie Hilary , Abaroh Jideofor James 
Published: August 2022

Government have in the past embarked on many infrastructural programmes such as building of roads, hospitals, health centers in the rural areas, schools, etc for its citizens. A lot of projects have been carried out in the past years, there are institutions formed to carter for the implementation of such programmes, institutions like NEMA to check disasters, repair of roads, collapse buildings etc. NDDC was formed to take care of roads in the South East but many of these programmes and institutions have not fared well in recent years because of corruption. Take for instance in the channels news of Tuesdays 16/6/2020 the new NDDC Director revealed how projects awarded to contractors in the past were all not carried out, funds meant for those purposes were all embezzled into private pockets. With the coming of Covid 19, governments have now found cover to say Covid 19 has attacked all revenue sources and so cannot carry out projects in the country. This is the burden of this work. Is it true that it is Covid 19 that halted the success of programme implementation in Nigeria? This is what this paper is out to ascertain.
The influence of socio-demographic variables on teachers’ job performance
Authors: Kotherja Ortenca , Hamzallari Blerina 
Published: August 2022

Performance is a concept that indicates the importance of work. The purpose of this article is to highlight the influence of socio-demographic characteristics on teachers’ job performance. This study is conducted in the pre-university system. In this study, the quantitative method is used and the empirical data were collected using questionnaires. The main findings of the study show that there are no significant differences in the relationship between demographic factors, such as seniority in education and experience in education. There is, however, a meaningful relationship between performance and education level where teachers teach and the area (rural/urban) where they teach. It is suggested that there is a need for more studies, trainings or focus groups, which would help to identify the factors that have an impact on teachers’ job performance.

Keywords: Education; performance; socio-demographic factors; teacher; workplace
Formation of the professional status of teachers on the basis of a synergetic approach to the organisation of methodological work
Authors: Kabulovna Issabekova Аinash , Altayevna Turgunbayeva Botagul , Kamalovich Katenov Amangeldy 
Published: August 2022

The purpose of this research is to receive teacher opinions on the formation of the professional status of teachers on the basis of a synergistic approach to the organisation of methodological work. This research was created in accordance with the qualitative research method. The study group of the research consisted of 40 primary schoolteachers working in various primary schools in Almaty, Kazakhstan, in the 2021–2022 academic year. The data of the research were collected with a semi-structured interview form developed by the researchers. As a result of the research, the majority of primary schoolteachers participating in the research stated that teachers’ behaviour in accordance with the ethical principles of the profession, providing a qualified teaching education, transforming them into a profession with high economic returns and improving their personal rights are factors that positively affect the status of the teaching profession. The majority of primary schoolteachers participating in the research evaluated the low economic return of the profession, the insufficient personal rights of the profession, the lack of appreciation of the teacher in the education system and the high expectation from the teacher as factors that negatively affect the status of the teaching profession. The majority of primary schoolteachers participating in the research determined that developing the reorganisation of teacher training policies, providing professional motivation in-service trainings for teachers, creating a sharing platform for teachers and working to improve the perception of society in a positive way are suggestions for the formation of the professional status of teachers on the basis of a synergetic approach to the organisation of methodological work.

Keywords: Occupational status, teaching profession, teacher opinions;
Formation of future teachers’ ability to organise educational activities on the basis of pedagogical tasks
Authors: Kastayev Serik , Berkimbayev Kamalbek , Ibragim Kairat , Jumagulova Gulnara , Tusseyev Mukhamejan 
Published: August 2022

The purpose of this research is to determine the ability of future teachers to organise educational activities on the basis of pedagogical tasks. This research was designed in accordance with the quantitative research method. The study group of the research consists of 448 teacher candidates studying in education faculties of various universities in Kazakhstan in the 2021–2022 academic year. As the data collection tool of the research, the scale of the ability to organise educational activities on the basis of pedagogical tasks was developed by the researchers. As a result of the research, it has been determined that pre-service teachers’ ability to organise educational activities on the basis of pedagogical tasks has a medium level of proficiency in the fields of pedagogical content knowledge and organising educational activities. It is seen that there is no significant difference regarding the ability of the teacher candidates participating in the research to organise educational activities on the basis of pedagogical tasks according to the variables of gender and the department they study in. However, it is seen that there is a significant difference regarding the ability of the teacher candidates participating in the research to organise educational activities on the basis of pedagogical tasks according to the class variable. The significant difference determined that it is in favour of pre-service teachers studying in the third and fourth year. In line with the results of the research, it has become necessary to increase the course content in teacher training programmes in order to improve the formation of teacher candidates’ ability to organise educational activities on the basis of pedagogical tasks.

Keywords: Future teachers, pedagogical tasks, educational activities;
Cervical Cytological Findings among Women Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital in Sana’a, Yemen
Authors: Al-Mikhlafy Abdullah Abdu , Abdulaziz Maha , Shamsher Amani 
Published: August 2022

Objective: To determine the frequency and pattern of abnormal cervical smear findings among women attending the University of Science and Technology Hospital (USTH) in Sana'a city.
Methods: This study is a retrospective, cross-sectional study. Records of women examined by conventional Pap smears in the Histopathology Laboratory of USTH over a 4-year period (from January 2013 to December 2016) were retrieved and analyzed for abnormalities according to the Bethesda system.
Results: Of 688 cases, 599 with satisfactory records were analyzed. The mean age of the cases was 39.18±10.23 years (range: 19–75). Epithelial cell abnormalities (ECAs) were found in 47 cases (7.8%), and these were categorized as follows: ASCUS in 4.5% (27/599) of cases followed by atypical glandular cells (AGC) (2.2%; 13/599) and LSIL (0.5%; 3/599), while ASCH and HSIL abnormalities were equally observed among 0.3% (2/599 each) of cases. Of patients positive Pap smear findings, ASCUS was the most frequent type of ECA (57.4%; 27/47) followed by AGC (27.7%; 13/47) and LSIL (6.4%; 3/47), while ASCH and HSIL were the least frequent ECAs among Yemeni patients. ECAs were significantly more prevalent among women aged >40 years (10.8%) compared with those aged <40 years (5.5%).
Conclusions: Cervical cytological abnormalities are not uncommon among women in Yemen, where the AGC is frequent among about a third of women with abnormal Pap smear findings and affects women of different ages. This requires more attention and training of doctors to master good sample taking, preparation and diagnosis with a focus on glandular changes.
Prevalence of Nocturnal Enuresis among Schoolchildren in Sana’a City, Yemen
Authors: Al-Zubairi Lutf M. , Al-Emad Adel A. , Bin Mohanna Mabrook , Al-Bada’ani Tawfik H. 
Published: August 2022

Objective: To estimate the prevalence, frequency and time of nocturnal enuresis (NE) among primary schoolchildren in Sana’a city, Yemen.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study was conducted among 2689 schoolchildren in the primary schools of four randomly selected districts in Sana’a city in the period from September 2012 to December 2013. Data about sociodemographic characteristics, frequency, time, psycho-social effects and the factors possibly associated with NE among children were collected using a pre-designed questionnaire and analyzed using appropriate statistical tests.
Results: The overall prevalence of NE was 11.2%, which was significantly higher among males than females (13.0% vs. 10.0%, respectively; P = 0.044) and decreased significantly with increasing age (P <0.001). More than half of children (55.3%) in Sana’a city had the habits of drinking excess fluids and tea at night and/or deep sleeping. Of physical and health disorders, difficulty in breathing and urinary tract infections were the two most frequent conditions among children with NE, being observed among 29.6% and 23.9% of cases, respectively. However, urogenital anomalies and mental retardation were the least frequent conditions in children with NE, being observed among 5.8% and 1.3% of cases, respectively. On the other hand, marital problems (24.8%) and arrival of a new baby (17.9%) were the most frequently observed social conditions among children with NE, while death in the family (8.5%) and parental separation (6.0%) were the least frequently observed conditions.
Conclusions: NE is prevalent among 11.2% of schoolchildren in Sana’a city with a significantly higher, though slight, rate among males. This rate is lower than the rates reported from Aden and Mukalla cities in the country and from Saudi Arabia and Turkey. However, it is higher than those reported from Iran and Malaysia. About a third of children experience nightly NE, whereas the lowest proportion of children experience NE twice a month. The habits of drinking excess fluid and tea at night and/or deep sleeping, the disorders of difficulty in breathing and urinary tract infections and the social conditions of marital problems and arrival of a new baby are the most frequent observations among children with NE in Sana’a city.
Fascioliasis in Yemen: A Long Track of Neglect despite Reports of Existence
Authors: Abdul-Ghani Rashad 
Published: August 2022

Fascioliasis is one of the most neglected tropical diseases in Yemen and is viewed as a zoonotic disease of sporadic nature. However, recent reports of human cases, well-documented published literature on animal and human fascioliasis and environmental evidence on the contamination of freshly eaten vegetables necessitate understanding of the disease eco-epidemiology in the country. To improve case detection in clinical settings, laboratory technicians should be trained well on the detection of Fasciola species. From an epidemiologic perspective, serosurveys for anti-Fasciola antibodies are recommended to map the distribution of infection among communities in suspected geographic areas. In parallel, the burden of animal fascioliasis and environmental contamination of freshly eaten vegetables and water should also be assessed. On the other hand, freshwater bodies should be surveyed for potential snail hosts. In fact, it may be premature to discuss the prevention and control strategies while the epidemiologic status of fascioliasis in the country is still unclear.
Keywords: Fasciola, Neglected tropical disease, Yemen
Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Medical Residents towards Healthcare Ethics in the Islamic Hospital, Jordan
Authors: Abdulrazeq Fayez , Al-Maamari Abdulwahab , Ameen Walaa , Ameen Alaa 
Published: August 2022

Objective: To assess the baseline knowledge, attitudes and practices of medical residents in the Islamic Hospital in Amman, Jordan towards healthcare ethics.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted among 111 medical residents in the Islamic Hospital in the period from February to April 2017. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire, and Pearson’s chi-square test was used to test the statistical significance of differences between male and female medical residents at P values <0.05.
Results: The majority of the respondent medical residents (76.6%) were aware of the content of the Hippocratic Oath. Ethical dilemmas at some point during clinical practice were reported by 68.0% of medical residents; however, only 6.3% reported encountering such dilemmas on a daily basis. Books, lectures and Media were the most frequent sources used by medical residents for learning about healthcare ethics, while supervisors, chiefs of residents and heads of departments were the most frequently preferred for consultation on both ethical and legal problems. The majority (91%) of respondents showed an interest in learning healthcare ethics. However, gaps in knowledge and negative attitudes were observed. Statistically significant differences between male and female residents were found in the issues related to paternalism in case of disagreement with patients/ families, seeking consent for surgeries but not for tests or medications as well as disclosure of tuberculosis-positive status.
Conclusions: There are some gaps in knowledge and negative attitudes towards healthcare ethics among medical residents, where some residents are even unaware of the content of the Hippocratic Oath. Because a substantial proportion of medical residents encounter ethical problems at some point during their clinical practice, there is a necessity to incorporate ethics education into medical curricula, which should be directed at practical real-world dilemmas. Future physicians must learn how to adhere to the four basic principles of healthcare ethics (autonomy, beneficence, justice and nonmaleficence) early in their career.
Keywords: Knowledge, Attitude, Practice, Medical resident, Ethics, Jordan.
Thalassemia Phenotypes and Associated Mortality among Yemeni Patients: A Single-Center Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Thaker A.A. Abdulrahman  , Ali Alhaj  , Mokhtar E.M. Saif  
Published: August 2022

Objective: To retrospectively analyze thalassemia phenotypes and associated mortality among Yemeni patients seeking healthcare in Sana’a city, Yemen.
Methods: This retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted in the medical center of Yemen Society for Thalassemia and Genetic Blood Disorders (YSTGBD) in Sana'a city from January 2010 to December 2016. Data about gender, age, governorate of origin, type of thalassemia and thalassemia-related mortality were retrieved from the records of 496 thalassemia patients. Data were then entered into an Excel spreadsheet, cross-checked for accuracy and presented as frequencies and proportions. Factors associated with deaths among thalassemia patients were analyzed using chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests.
Results: A total number of 496 patients attended the medical center of YSTGBD in Sana’a city in the period from January 2010 to December 2016. The majority of thalassemia patients were males (57.9%), and approximately half of the patients were aged 10 years or younger with a comparable proportion to those older than 10 years. Most thalassemia patients had β-thalassemia (92.7%), while 7.3% had α-thalassemia. The majority of patients were from Hajjah governorate (16.5%) followed by those from Sana'a (13.1%) and Amran (11.9%), while lower proportions ranging from 0.2% to 8.1% were recorded for patients from other governorates. Thirty out of the total attending thalassemia patients died, and mortality was significantly associated with recurrent transfusions of whole blood but not with the gender and age of the patients or thalassemia phenotype.
Conclusions: The majority of thalassemia patients seeking healthcare in Sana’a city suffer from thalassemia, where males represent more than half of them and the patients are almost equally distributed in relation to the cut-off age of 10 years. The mortality incidence among Yemeni thalassemia patients seeking healthcare is lower than that reported elsewhere in the world, and mortality was significantly associated with recurrent blood transfusions. Further studies to identify the genetic abnormalities associated with thalassemia are recommended together with the need for the launch of a national center for counseling, research and supervision of voluntary activities related to thalassemia and genetic blood disorders in Yemen.
Keywords: Thalassemia, Phenotype, Mortality, Yemen
Common Autoimmune Diseases among Yemeni Patients in Sana’a City, Yemen
Authors: Raja M. Al-Haimi  , Arwa M. Othman  , Hassan A. Al-Shamahy  , Khaled A. Al-Moyed  , Abdul Hafeez A. Al-Selwi  
Published: August 2022

Objective: To determine the most common autoimmune diseases (ADs) among Yemeni patients in Sana’a city.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in six health facilities in Sana’a city from January 2014 to July 2017. It prospectively recruited 131 patients with ADs and retrospectively included 1786 records of patients with ADs, totaling the sample size to 1917. Data about gender and age of prospective patients and as well as the gender, age and the type of AD from patients’ records were collected using a pre-designed data collection sheet. Sera from patients’ sera were investigated for autoantibodies to diagnose ADs using immunological techniques. Data were then analyzed and expressed using descriptive statistics.
Results: The majority of approximately two-thirds of patients with ADs attending the health facilities or record-retrieved were females, with a mean age of 32.35 ± 13.72 years (range: 1–89). Approximately half of the patients had a single type of either systemic or organ-specific ADs, while less than 1% had concurrent ADs. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) were the most frequent systemic ADs, being higher among females than males with male:female ratios of 1:4, 1:6 and 1:7, respectively. On the other hand, autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), Graves’ disease, Hashimoto's disease and celiac disease (CD) were the most frequent organ-specific ADs. AIH was higher among males than females with a male:female ratio of 2:1, while Graves’ and Hashimoto's diseases and CD were higher among females with a male:female ratio of 1:2–1:5. The most frequent concurrence between ADs was between SLE and RA (55.6%) as well as AIH and AIG (16.7%), being higher among females than males with male:female ratios of 1:9 and 1:2, respectively. SLE and AIH were equally concurrent between males and females, while the concurrence of other types of ADs was observed among females only.
Conclusions: AIH, RA and SLE are the most frequent ADs among Yemeni patients with a steady rise in the frequency of ADs over the period 2014-2017 in Sana'a city. Systemic and organ-specific ADs are comparably equal in distribution and concurrently present among approximately 1.0% of cases, with predominance among females compared to males. Population-based studies for the assessment of incidence/prevalence of ADs and the environmental factors associated with the trending increase in the prevalence of ADs in Yemen are issues for further studies.
Keywords: Autoimmune diseases, Autoimmune hepatitis, Rheumatoid arthritis, Systemic lupus erythematosus, Yemen
Effect of Chronic Khat Chewing on Intima-Media Thickness of Common Carotid Arteries in Yemeni volunteers
Authors: Ameen M. Amer  , Elsafi A. Abdalla  , Amna A. M. Mokhtar  
Published: August 2022

Objective: To assess the changes occurring in both common carotid arteries (CCAs) intima-media thickness (IMT) in Yemeni chronic khat chewers using B-mode ultrasonography.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 195 participants (103 regular khat chewers and 92 non-khat chewers) conveniently selected at the Radiology Department of the University of Science and Technology Hospital (USTH) in Sana’a from August 2017 to August 2018. Data about gender, age, BMI, chewing khat and the period of chewing were collected from participants using a structured questionnaire. B-mode ultrasonography of bilateral CCAs was then performed to measure the IMT. Data were analyzed using suitable statistical tests, and P-values <0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Results: The majority of participants with CCA-IMT were males (91.8%) and aged 27 years or younger (59.0%), with a mean age of 27.9 ± 6.8 years. Khat chewers constituted more than half of patients with CCA-IMT. There was no statistically significant difference in the mean values of RT CCA-IMT and LT CCA-IMT between khat chewers and non-khat chewers. The CCA-MIT was significantly higher among male khat chewers compared to male non-chewers (P = 0.004). However, there was no statistically significant difference between khat chewers and non-chewers with respect to the age of 20 years or older (P = 0.301) and BMI of 18.5 kg/m2 or higher (P = 0.888). Age showed a significant positive correlation with RT CCA-IMT (r = 0.380; P < 0.001) and LT CCA-IMT (r = 0.458; P < 0.001) in Khat chewers. In contrast, age showed a significant positive correlation with LT CCA-IMT only in non-khat chewers (r = 0.236; P = 0.024). On the other hand, BMI showed a significant positive correlation with LT CCA-IMT (r = 0.254; P = 0.010) among khat chewers, but no significant correlation was found in CCA-IMT of both sides among non-khat chewers. Among khat chewers, there was a significant positive correlation with RT CCA-IMT (r = 0.273; P = 0.005) and LT CCA-IMT(r = 0.194; P = 0.049).
Conclusion: Khat chewing does not lead to a significant difference in CCA-IMT among Yemeni chewers compared to non-chewers. However, the period of chewing may slightly affect the CCA-IMT among khat chewers. Age has a significant positive correlation with CCA-IMT in khat chewers and LT CCA-MIT in non-khat chewers, which could help to determine the contribution of different predisposing factors to atherosclerosis. A significant positive correlation can be found between BMI and LT CCA-MIT among khat chewers.
Keywords: Khat Chewing, Intima media thickness, Carotid, Yemen