bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of bioelectric potential of cabbage waste (Brassica oleraceae var. capitata) using microbial fuel cells
Authors: Meylani Vita , Nurfauziah Elsa , Hernawati Diana 
Published: November 2022

Vegetable waste, one of which is cabbage waste, has long been recognized as a cause of a significant environmental problems in traditional markets and must be addressed. However, cabbage waste can be used as an alternative energy source through the Microbial Fuel Cell process. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential of cabbage waste as a producer of bioelectricity and the storage time of cabbage waste that produces the largest bioelectricity using Microbial Fuel Cells. This research was conducted in February 2022 at Laboratory of Microbiology and Botany, Universitas Siliwangi. The study employed a completely randomized design (CRD), with treatment consisting of a control group (without storage), five storage treatments, namely: treatment 1 (2 days storage), treatment 2 (4 days storage), treatment 3 (6 days storage), treatment 4 (eight days storage), and treatment 5 (10 days storage). All treatments were repeated 4 times. A digital multimeter is used to determine the resulting electric current. The results indicated that the highest average total electric current generated was 0.022 mA from the 4 days storage treatment. The lowest average total electric current generated was 0.010 mA from the 10th days storage. These data indicate that the treatment of storage time of up to 4 days can increase the amount of electric current generated, then it decreases with increasing length of storage. It is influenced by several variables, including the growth phase of the bacterium, the availability of organic molecules, and the population of bacterium.
Recurrent Out-of-Hospital Sudden Cardiac Arrest: Prevalence and Clinical Factors
Authors: Held Elizabeth P. , Reinier Kyndaron , Chugh Harpriya , Uy-Evanado Audrey , Jui Jonathan , Chugh Sumeet S. 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Despite improvements in management following survival from sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) and wide availability of implantable cardioverter defibrillators for secondary prevention, a subgroup of individuals will suffer multiple distinct episodes of SCA. The objective of this study was to characterize and evaluate the burden of recurrent out-of-hospital SCA among survivors of SCA in a single large US community.

Methods:
SCA cases were prospectively ascertained in the Oregon Sudden Unexpected Death Study. Individuals that experienced recurrent SCA were identified both prospectively and retrospectively.

Results:

We ascertained 6649 individuals with SCA (2002–2020) and 924 (14%) survived to hospital discharge. Of these, 88 survivors (10%) experienced recurrent SCA. Of the nonsurvivors (n=5725), 35 had suffered a recurrent SCA. Of the total 123 SCA cases with recurrent SCA, >60% occurred at least 1 year after the initial SCA (median 23 months, range: 6 days to 31 years). SCA occurred despite a secondary prevention implantable cardioverter defibrillator in 22% (n=26). Prevalence of coronary disease (36% versus 25%), hypertension (69% versus 43%), diabetes (44% versus 21%), and chronic kidney disease (35% versus 14%) was significantly higher in recurrent SCA versus single SCA survivors (n=80,
P
=0.01). Among individuals with no secondary prevention implantable cardioverter defibrillators before recurrent SCA, the majority had apparently reversible etiologies identified at initial SCA, with one-quarter undergoing coronary revascularization and over half diagnosed with noncoronary cardiac etiologies.

Conclusions:
At least 10% of SCA survivors had recurrent SCA, and a large subgroup suffered their repeat SCA despite treatment for an apparently reversible etiology. A renewed focus on careful assessment of cardiac substrate as well as management of coronary disease, hypertension, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease in SCA survivors could reduce recurrent SCA.
Effect of Sex on Coronary Endothelial Dysfunction in People Living With HIV
Authors: Minhas Anum S. , Leucker Thorsten M. , Goerlich Erin , Soleimani‐Fard Alborz , Schär Michael , Ziogos Efthymios , Miller Eliza , Gerstenblith Gary , Hays Allison G. 
Published: November 2022

Background
Impaired coronary endothelial function (CEF) predicts cardiovascular events and occurs in people living with HIV (PLWH). Women compared with men living with HIV have worse cardiovascular outcomes, but prior CEF studies included few women. The authors aimed to compare CEF in women with HIV versus without HIV, investigate sex differences in CEF and PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9) (a proinflammatory biomarker), and evaluate whether increased serum levels of PCSK9 are associated with CEF in PLWH.

Methods and Results

Magnetic resonance imaging was performed to measure CEF (as percent change in coronary cross‐sectional area and coronary blood flow during isometric handgrip exercise, an endothelial‐dependent stressor) and serum PCSK9 levels were measured in 106 PLWH and 76 people without HIV. CEF was significantly reduced in women with versus without HIV (cross‐sectional area change −0.5%±9.7 versus 9.5%±3.2, respectively). After adjustment for age, body mass index, and menopausal status, women with HIV still had reduced CEF (percentage of cross‐sectional area: ß −8.3 [−13 to −3.6],
P
=0.001) compared with women without HIV. PCSK9 was elevated in women living with HIV versus without (306 ng/mL [200–412 ng/mL] versus 180 ng/mL [154–223 ng/mL],
P
<0.001), and no sex differences in either CEF or PCSK9 were detected in PLWH. Elevated PCSK9 was associated with impaired CEF in PLWH; however, no significant sex differences in the association were detected.

Conclusions
Among PLWH, coronary endothelial dysfunction is present in women and comparable to men. PCSK9 is higher in women with versus without HIV and a significant inverse relationship between PCSK9 and CEF was shown. Future studies should determine whether PLWH would benefit from interventions to improve endothelial function.
Long‐Term Outcomes of Chronic Type B Aortic Dissection Treated by Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair
Authors: Jiang Xiaolang , Liu Yifan , Zou Lingwei , Chen Bin , Jiang Junhao , Fu Weiguo , Dong Zhihui 
Published: November 2022

Background
The treatment of chronic type B aortic dissection by thoracic endovascular aortic repair has some challenges, and its long‐term outcomes remain unclear. This study aimed to analyze the 5‐year clinical outcomes of thoracic endovascular aortic repair of chronic type B aortic dissection, compare the differences between patients with and without adverse aortic events (AAEs), and identify risk factors for AAEs.

Methods and Results

Patients who underwent thoracic endovascular aortic repair of chronic type B aortic dissection from January 2009 to June 2017 were retrospectively enrolled. The primary end points were AAEs, including aorta‐related death, procedural complications, and disease progression requiring reintervention. Clinical outcomes were described at the 5‐year follow‐up visit. The secondary end point was the comparison of the results between patients with and without AAEs. Univariable and multivariable logistic analyses were used to identify potential risk factors for AAEs. A total of 214 patients were enrolled. AAEs occurred in 46 (21.5%) patients. Compared with patients without AAEs, those with AAEs had higher rates of residual type A aortic dissection (26.1% versus 4.2%,
P
<0.001) and aortic diameter ≥5.5 cm (69.6% versus 11.3%,
P
<0.001), and a lower rate of complete false lumen thrombosis (23.9% versus 89.9%,
P
<0.001). Meanwhile, the median interval from symptom onset to intervention was longer in patients with AAEs (26 months versus 12 months,
P
=0.004). Partial or no false lumen thrombosis (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 14.71 [95% CI, 5.67–38.14;
P
<0.001]) and aortic diameter ≥5.5 cm (AOR, 10.16 [95% CI, 3.86–26.73;
P
<0.001]) were identified as independent risk factors for AAEs.

Conclusions
While thoracic endovascular aortic repair of chronic type B aortic dissection might be challenging in some cases, its long‐term outcomes appeared promising as this treatment was effective in preventing catastrophic aortic events. Patients with AAEs showed higher rates of residual type A aortic dissection and aortic diameter ≥5.5 cm, a lower rate of complete false lumen thrombosis, and a longer median interval from symptom onset to intervention. Failure of complete false lumen thrombosis and an aortic diameter ≥5.5 cm were predictors of AAEs.
From the “Five Dynasties” 五代 to the “Ten States” 十國: Interpreting Post-Tang Identities in Northern Song (960–1127) Historiography
Authors: Xue Chen 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This article examines the representation of post-Tang identities in Northern Song historiography and provides a precise definition of the concept of “Ten States.” It argues that the “Five Dynasties” and “Ten States,” appellations invented by Northern Song historians, are not reflective of the actual tenth-century political landscape that took shape following the fall of the Tang Empire (618–907). Rather, they were coined to buttress the dynastic legitimacy of the Northern Song. They mirrored the increasingly strong Song central control over regional authorities and a perceived ever-growing cultural division between Song and its neighbors. Through an investigation of how post-Tang regimes were categorized by four representative Northern Song histories, this article questions the constructed binary between the “legitimate” and the “illegitimate” in Song historiography and challenges the resulting “Central Plain”-centric and Han/Chinese-centric ideologies.
The Atticist lexica as metalinguistic resource for morphosyntactic change in Post-Classical Greek
Authors: la Roi Ezra 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
While ancient metalinguistic resources such as lexica and scholia are increasingly studied in the field of ancient scholarship (Montanari 2020), they are investigated less within the historical sociolinguistics of Ancient Greek. Analysing the Atticist lexica by Phrynichus, Moeris and Aelius Dionysius, this article illustrates the historically persistent connection between social perception of and diachronic change within Ancient Greek. Although the historical relevance of Atticist prescriptivism has been observed, the evidence that these social evaluations provide for Post-Classical Greek language change is rarely assessed systematically (except for objectionable ideological reasons). I demonstrate that the Atticist lexica display metalinguistic awareness of the major morphosyntactic changes characterizing Post-Classical Greek (pace Lee 2013:286): paradigmatic (e.g. analogical levelling in verbal system of endings, voice and augment), category changes, category renewal (e.g. dual, pronouns, periphrasis), syntactic change (category expansion of ἔμελλον and τυγχάνω) and case changes (e.g. from case to prepositions).
Women and Freedom of Canonical Thought: A Propaedeutics
Authors: Lopes Christine 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Because we do not have a unified account of the presence and absence of women in male or patriarchal canonical thought – if that is even possible or desirable – I refer to their presence and absence as the ways of women in canonical thought, hereafter “the ways of women”. We also do not know yet whether we as women are making different ways into canonical thought, whether we are creating a women’s canonical thought, or whether we could abandon the idea of canonical thought. Taking this uncertainty to heart, I consider what these possibilities have in common, namely, a demand for a freedom of canonical thought. By freedom of canonical thought, I understand a freedom to conform or not to canonical thinking. I consider some basic epistemological assumptions about such a freedom, and whether this may be a step toward a critique of the ways of women in thinking canons.
Thermal Impact of the Southern Tibetan Plateau on the Southeast Asian Summer Monsoon and Modulation by the Tropical Atlantic SST
Authors: Lu Mengmeng , Yang Song , Zhu Congwen , Wang Junbin , Lin Shuheng , Wei Wei , Fan Hanjie 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
While it is commonly accepted that the thermal effect of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) strengthens the Asian summer monsoon, a recent analysis based mainly on idealized model experiments revealed that the TP effect weakened the Southeast Asian summer monsoon (SEASM). Based on both observational analyses and model experiments, the current study further deciphers the physical mechanism for the TP’s thermal impact on the SEASM and the modulation of this impact by the sea surface temperature (SST) in the tropical Atlantic. When diabatic heating is enhanced over the southern TP, the South Asian high (SAH) intensifies and extends eastward, leading to convergence over the southeastern flank of the anomalous upper-level anticyclone and sinking motion that cause downward advection of negative vorticity. Accompanied by this anomalous anticyclonic pattern, the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) extends westward and the monsoon over Southeast Asia is weakened. The TP–SEASM relationship is enhanced when SST and convection increase over the tropical Atlantic, which cause an anomalous barotropic wave train propagating southeastward from eastern North America to East Asia, leading to an eastward extension of the SAH and a westward extension of the WPSH. The anomalous heating over the tropical Atlantic also modulates the Walker circulation through two anomalous vertical cells, with ascending motions over the Maritime Continent and the eastern tropical Indian Ocean, inducing a lower-level anticyclone over Southeast Asia as a Gill-type response. Thus, a warming tropical Atlantic can intensify the TP’s thermal forcing, weaken the SEASM, and then modulate the TP–SEASM relationship through both the extratropical wave train and the tropical zonal circulation.

Significance Statement
The Southeast Asian summer monsoon (SEASM) exhibits significant interannual variability. This study is aimed at better understanding the thermal impact of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) on the interannual variability of SEASM intensity and the possible modulating effect of the tropical Atlantic on the TP–SEASM relationship. We find that enhanced heating over the southern TP weakens the SEASM circulation and its associated precipitation by extending the South Asian high eastward and expanding the western Pacific subtropical high westward. Tropical Atlantic warming enhances this TP–SEASM relationship through both the extratropical wave train and the tropical zonal circulation. Thus, seasonal prediction of the SEASM can be improved by further considering the synergistic impact of the TP’s thermal forcing and the tropical Atlantic surface temperature.
Temporal and geographical variation in low carbon inhaler dispensing in England, 2016 to 2021: an ecological study
Authors: Tian Jianghan , McGrogan Anita , Jones Matthew D 
Published: November 2022

Objectives In 2019–2020, four national recommendations were published in the United Kingdom to encourage use of low carbon inhalers. This study aimed to investigate whether these were associated with a change in primary care dispensing in England and to explore associations between geographical variation and clinical commissioning group (CCG) characteristics. Design Ecological study using aggregated publicly available data. Setting All CCGs in England (March 2016 to February 2021). Participants not applicable Main outcome measures Percentage of low carbon inhalers dispensed. Results The percentage of low carbon inhalers dispensed was 26.3% in 2020–2021 (of 8.8 million inhalers). This decreased over the study period for short-acting beta-agonist (SABA), inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) and ICS+long-acting beta-agonist (LABA) inhalers. The same trend was seen for LABA and ICS+LABA+long-acting muscarinic antagonist inhalers from 2019. The SABA and ICS classes were less often dispensed as low carbon inhalers (⁓6% versus 35–45%). Interrupted time series analyses found slight increases in low carbon inhaler percentage in the SABA, LABA and ICS classes after April 2019, which were soon erased by the long-term trend. There was also geographical variation, with the north-west, Birmingham and London consistently dispensing more low carbon inhalers. The presence of advice on climate change in CCG formularies/guidelines, the prevalence of asthma and population age profile were associated with significant variation in low carbon inhaler percentage for some classes. Conclusions The percentage of low carbon inhalers dispensed in England remains low and continues to decrease. Greater use of low carbon inhalers is achievable, but is more likely with locally implemented initiatives.
A Preliminary Study on the Characteristics and Standard Diagnosis and Treatment of Vestibular Dysfunction in Children
Authors: Tian Ruru , Zhang Haiqin , Xie Daoyu , Ding Jinv , Jiang Jianhua 
Published: November 2022

Objective To understand the pathogenesis of vestibular dysfunction in children and to provide a reference for the diagnosis and treatment of vestibular dysfunction in children. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 80 children who visited our hospital from June 2011 to July 2020, aged between 4 and 17 years, with a duration of 1 day to 3 years. They were admitted to the hospital for treatment upon vestibular function-related examinations confirmed that there was peripheral vestibular function impairment. Results Children aged 6–12 years old who are diagnosed are significantly more than other two age groups (4–6) and (12–17) (X2 = 101.738, P < .001). There was a significant statistical difference (X2 = 91.195, P < .001) in comparison of abnormal rates of vestibular function-related examinations. The Mann test had the highest abnormal rate and the lowest Cervical Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potential (cVEMP) abnormality rate. Comparison of abnormal consistency rates for quantitative and qualitative examination of vestibular function, the abnormal rates (double temperature test and Mann test) were significantly better than other abnormal consistency rates, and there were statistical differences (X2 = 7.485, P = .024 < .05). Among the children with vestibular dysfunction, the etiology was most common in 58 cases (72.50%) of benign paroxysmal vertigo, 4 cases of vestibular migraine (5.00%), 8 cases (10.00%) of vestibular neuronitis, of which 22 cases (27.50%) were combined with other diseases, and the most common was 15 cases (18.75%) of sinusitis. Conclusion A limited number of studies were conducted on vestibular dysfunction in children. The current retrospective analysis suggests that age, gender, and side of ear pain have no significant effects, while children aged 6–12 are more likely to suffer from vestibular dysfunction. On children’s vestibular dysfunction, more etiology is unclear, and special attention should be paid to differential diagnosis when giving treatment and the child’s medical history should be examined in detail and appropriate vestibular function tests should be selected in order to provide timely, effective, and accurate treatment for the child.
Facilitating equitable access to hospice care in socially deprived areas: A mixed methods multiple case study
Authors: French Maddy , Keegan Thomas , Preston Nancy 
Published: November 2022

Background: There is uncertainty about the factors influencing inequities in access to palliative care in socially deprived areas, including the role of service models and professional perceptions. Aim: To explore the relationship between social deprivation and access to hospice care, including factors influencing access and professional experiences of providing care. Design: A mixed-methods multiple case study approach was used. Hospice referrals data were analysed using generalised linear mixed models and other regression analyses. Qualitative interviews with healthcare professionals were analysed using thematic analysis. Findings from different areas (cases) were compared in a cross-case analysis. Setting: The study took place in North West England, using data from three hospices (8699 hospice patients) and interviews with 42 healthcare professionals. Results: Social deprivation was not statistically significantly, or consistently, associated with hospice referrals in the three cases (Case 1, Incidence Rate Ratio 1.04, p = 0.75; Case 2, Incidence Rate Ratio 1.09, p = 0.15, Case 3, Incidence Rate Ratio 0.88, p = 0.35). Hospice data and interviews suggest the model of hospice care, including working relationship with hospitals, and the local nature of social deprivation influenced access. Circumstances associated with social deprivation can conflict with professional expectations within palliative care. Conclusion: Hospice care in the UK can be organised in ways that facilitate referrals of patients from socially deprived areas, although uncertainty about what constitutes need limits conclusions about equity. Grounding professional narratives around expectations, responsibility, and choice in frameworks that recognise the sociostructural influences on end-of-life circumstances may help to foster more equitable palliative care.
Quantitative evaluation of functional liver reserve using the liver-to-spleen ΔR1 ratio based on gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI: corrected for the effect of gadoxetic acid dose
Authors: Eitoku Shoma , Fujiwara Yasuhiro , Mio Motohira 
Published: November 2022

Background The liver T1 reduction rate can be used to assess liver function. However, higher doses of gadoxetic acid may shorten the liver T1 value in the hepatobiliary phase and increase the T1 reduction rate in patients with severe liver dysfunction, potentially overestimating liver function. Purpose To verify the relationship between the gadoxetic acid dose and the liver T1 reduction rate and ΔR1 of the liver and spleen, and to clarify whether the ΔR1 of hepatocytes, corrected for the effect of gadoxetic acid dose, could be used as an index of functional liver reserve. Material and Methods We enrolled 13 patients with normal liver function (NLF); and 18, 8, and 3 patients with Child-Pugh classes A (CPA), B (CPB), and C (CPC) who underwent gadoxetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Phase-sensitive inversion recovery sequence was performed before and at 15 min after injection and T1 maps were calculated. Liver and spleen ΔR1, liver T1 reduction rate, and the liver-to-spleen ΔR1 ratio were calculated. Results Only the liver-to-spleen ΔR1 ratio showed no correlation with gadoxetic acid dose in any group. The T1 reduction rate was not significantly different between the CPA and CPB + CPC groups. The liver-to-spleen ΔR1 ratio significantly differed between all groups. Conclusion The liver and spleen ΔR1 was dependent on the dose of gadoxetic acid in severe liver dysfunction. The liver-to-spleen ΔR1 ratio improves the delineation of the CPA and CPB + CPC groups.