bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
W-shaped Profile and Breather-like Soliton of the Fractional Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation Describing the Polarization Mode in Optical Fibers
Authors: HOUWE Alphonse , Abbagari Souleymanou , Djorwe Philippe , Saliou Youssoufa , Doka Serge Yamigno , Inc Mustafa 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We use the nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) describing the polarization mode in optical fiber (OF) with Self-Steepening (SS), Self-Frequency Shift (SFS) and Cubic-quintic (CQ) term to analyze the effects of the fractional time parameter (FTP) on propagation of the breather-like solitons. We show the effects of the fractional parameter (FP) on the W-shaped profile, bright and dark optical soliton solutions as well as on the corresponding chirp component. It is observed that for small values of the FP, optical soliton shape is affected. Moreover, we show the effects of fraction time (FT) on Modulation Instability (MI) gain spectra. For all values of the FP, side lobes are formed and when these values increase the stability zones increases and the amplitude also increases values and the stability zones increases, both the stability zones and the soliton amplitude increase. We numerically investigate the propagation of the continuous waves (CW). We show the formation of stable breather-like soliton for small values of the FTP.
Native ligand carbonization renders common platinum nanoparticles highly durable for electrocatalytic oxygen reduction: annealing temperature matters
Authors: Li Zhicheng , Zou Jinxiang , Xi Xiangyun , Fan Pengshuo , Peng Ye , Banham Dustin , Yang Dong , Dong Angang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Monodisperse nanoparticles have attracted great attention in fundamental and applied research. Current protocols for the synthesis of monodisperse nanoparticles typically involve hydrocarbon molecules as surface-capping ligands. Utilizing platinum (Pt)-based nanoparticles for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), however, hydrocarbon ligands must be removed in order to expose the surface sites. Here, highly active and durable Pt catalysts are realized without removing the ligands; instead, the native surface ligands are directly converted into uniform, bilayered graphitic shells conformally coated on individual Pt nanoparticles by simple thermal annealing. Strikingly, the annealing temperature is found to be a critical factor dictating the ORR performance of Pt catalysts. Pt nanoparticles thermally treated at 500 oC show a very poor ORR activity, whereas those annealed at 700 oC become highly active along with exceptional stability. In-depth characterization reveals that thermal treatment from 500 to 700 oC triggers the subtle structural reconstruction of carbon shells through graphitization, gradually opening up the porosity without affecting the carbon shell thickness. Additionally, the ligand-derived graphitic shells can effectively prevent Pt nanoparticles from detachment, agglomeration, and dissolution while largely maintaining the accessibility of surface sites. As a result, such graphitic-shell-coated Pt catalysts can exhibit superior long-term stability, largely retaining the activity after 20,000 accelerated durability test cycles in a membrane electrode assembly. Moreover, this ligand carbonization strategy is amenable to Pt-based alloy nanoparticles and can further be extended to modify commercial Pt/C catalysts with substantially enhanced durability. Our work shows that boosting the ORR performance of common Pt nanoparticles is certainly possible by harnessing the native surface ligands, thus offering a robust approach of designing highly durable catalysts for proton-exchange membrane fuel cells.
Gender Differences In Sex-Related Education, Knowledge, And Attitudes Among Chinese Adolescents
Authors: Li Hongfei , Gan Mantang , Rao Xinlong , Xiong Chengzhu , Liu Dongdong , Guan Xin , Liu Yanfen , Mo Jian 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Gender equality in sex education is important to protect adolescents from unexpected pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections. The aim of this study was to examine gender differences in sex-related education, knowledge, and attitudes, and to identify factors that may contribute to these gender differences. Methods：A cross-sectional survey was distributed to 191 adolescents from four high schools in Fuzhou, China. Multivariable regression analyses were used to determine the associations between individual factors and their knowledge, attitudes.Results: Over 80% the responding adolescents lacked knowledge about contraception, and half of them cannot recognize all the AIDS transmitted routes. Boys got a lower level sex-related knowledge score than girls. However, parents were more likely to answer girls’ questions about sex than boys (p<0.001), and sex education courses were delivered later to boys (p=0.003). Gender difference of knowledge score was not identified in the multivariable linear regression model, while education from parents/school and sex education need score were found to be positive factors. In the multivariable logistic regression models, parents’ positive responses to adolescents’ questions and need score were associated with respondents’ attitudes with adolescence.Conclusions: Our findings indicated that Chinese high school students had a low level sex-related knowledge and education needs. Several individual factors may explain gender differences in adolescents’ sexual knowledge and attitudes. Designation of targeted sex education programs should consider these individual factors in the future.
A neural network based approach to classify VLF signals as rock rupture precursors
Authors: Nardi Adriano , Pignatelli Alessandro , Spagnuolo Elena 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The advent of novel technologies revealed that other geophysical signals than those directly related to fault motion could be used to probe the state of deformation of the Earth's crust. Electromagnetic signals belonging to this category have been increasingly investigated in the last decade in association to natural earthquakes and laboratory rock fractures. These studies are hampered by the lack of continuous recordings and a systematic mathematical processing of large data sets. Indeed, electromagnetic signals exhibit characteristic patterns on a specific frequency band (the very low frequency, VLF) that correlate uniquely with the paroxistic rupture of rocks specimens under uniaxial laboratory tests and were also detected in the atmosphere, in association to moderate magnitude earthquakes. The similarity of laboratory and atmospheric VLF offers an unique opportunity to study the relation between VLF and rock deformation on at least two different scales and to enlarge the dataset by combining laboratory and atmospheric data. In this paper we show that the enlarged VLF dataset can be successfully used, with a neural network approach based on LSTM neural networks to investigate the potential of the VLF spectrum in classifying rock rupture precursors both in nature and in the laboratory. The proposed approach lays foundation to the automatic detection of interesting VLF patterns for monitoring deformations in the seismically active Earth’s crust.
Barriers to establishing outpatient cardiac rehabilitation in the western region of Saudi Arabia : A cross sectional study
Authors: Khushhal Alaa , Alsubaiei Mohmmed 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: The core of cardiac rehabilitation is structured exercise training. CR reduces 28-56% hospital readmission rate, and around 25 % increases cardiorespiratory fitness, thus there is a need to establish outpatient CR (Phase III) in Saudi Arabia (SA). Furthermore, the awareness of outpatient CR in SA is unknown.Aims: To determine the main barriers to establishing an outpatient CR program (Phase III) in the western region of SA, as well as assess the awareness of outpatient CR (Phase III) in the western region of SA. Methods: A cross-sectional study survey was conducted among physiotherapists, cardiologists and the cardiac surgeon using a questionnaire distributed electronically to determine the awareness level of outpatient CR and barriers to establishing outpatient CR (Phase III) in the western region of SA. Results: Of the 141 participants who completed the survey, our findings showed that 131 were aware of CR with 112 participants were not aware of the four phases of CR. There were three main barriers to establishing CR: no appropriate CR (96%), lack of awareness among healthcare professions of the comprehensive CR phases and its benefits (95%) and the lack of healthcare providers trained in CR (94%). Conclusions: To overcome the barriers to establishing CR outpatient centers in the western region of SA, it is recommended to provide more CR outpatient training programs to healthcare providers and raise the awareness of the CR phases, its benefits, and the risk factors for developing cardiac diseases among healthcare providers.
Towards white light laser emission based on strained Poly:(Si/Ge)
Authors: Nawwar Mohamed A. , Ghazala Magdy S. Abo , El-Deen Lobna M. Sharaf , El-Shaer Abdelhamid , Anis Badawi , Kashyout Abd El-hady B 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Solubility of Sn in Ge has the most impact in the emission characteristics of direct band gap GeSn alloy. Here, we employed the metal induced crystallization (MIC) process of amorphous Ge and Si via Sn as a novel mechanism to incorporate Sn inside Ge and Si networks. (Al/Si/Sn/Ge/Sn) and (Al/Ge/Sn/Ge/Sn) multilayers are deposited by thermal vacuum evaporation on different substrates. The devices are annealed under low vacuum at 500 ºC. The Ge doped nanocrystals structure is investigated. The direct transition and band gap values have been estimated using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and Photoluminescence (PL) measurements. PL indicted that the junctions have emissions from visible to NIR regions that make them promise in white light laser sources as well as waveguiding applications. Charge carrier lifetime and EL measurements show high lifetime and very sharp emission, respectively indicating that the prepared structure is a candidate for white laser diode applications.
Time Operator in Quantum Mechanics; Fourier Transform
Authors: Belay Negasa 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We can not only bring time operator in quantum mechanics (non-relativistic) but also determine its Eigen value, commutation relation of its square with energy and some of the properties of time operator like either it is Hermitian or not,either its expectation value is real or complex for a wave packet etc. Exactly these are what I have done.
Multi-model Predictive Stability Control Strategy for Vehicle Four-wheel Steering System Considering Tire Nonlinear Cornering Characteristics
Authors: Luan Zhongkai , Zhao Wanzhong , Wang Chunyan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In extreme working conditions such as poor road conditions, the low road adhesion coefficient is easy to cause the tire cornering characteristics curve to be in the nonlinear domain, making the vehicle system in the critical instability state. To this end, this paper proposes a cascade deep learning framework combining multi-model predictive control (MMPC) and LSTM tire cornering stiffness estimation (TCSE) neural network and designs a stability control strategy of vehicle four-wheel steering system considering tire nonlinear cornering characteristics. The four-wheel steering system and vehicle tire dynamic model are analyzed and established, and the online estimation method of tire cornering stiffness and MMPC's sub-model classification method is developed. On this basis, the tire angle is creatively introduced as the phase plane stability region boundary, used to design the MMPC controller's boundary condition. The hardware in the loop test results shows that compared with the existing research, the strategy proposed in this paper can effectively improve the tracking accuracy of the target steering signal and ensure the system's stability when the road adhesion coefficient is low.
Constructing an Individual Socioeconomic Status Index for Analysing Inequalities in Colorectal Cancer Screening
Authors: Vanaclocha-Espi Mercedes , Martín-Pozuelo Javier , Romeo Paula , Pinto-Carbó Marina , Peiró-Pérez Rosana , Barona Carmen , Ortiz Francisco , Nolasco Andreu , Castan Susana , Salas Dolores , Molina-Barceló Ana 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objective: To construct an individual socioeconomic status (SES) index (ISESI) with information available in the Population Information System (PIS) of the Region of Valencia (RV), Spain, and use it to analyse inequalities in a colorectal cancer screening programme (CRCSP).Methods: Cross-sectional study. The study population was composed of men and women aged between 50 and 69 who were invited to participate in the most recently completed round of the RV CRCSP in 2020, n=1,150,684. A multiple correspondence analysis was performed to aggregate information in the Segmented, Integrated and Geographical Population Analysis Code (SIGPAC) from the RV PIS into an ISESI. Data from the 2016 RV Health Survey was used for validation. The relationship between CRCSP participation and the ISESI was analysed by logistic regression models.Results: The variables included in the index were nationality, employment status, disability, healthcare coverage, risk of vulnerability and family size. The most important categories for determining the highest SES were being employed and not being at risk of social vulnerability, and being unemployed and at risk of social vulnerability for determining the lowest SES . Index validation demonstrated internal and external coherence for measuring SES. The relationship between CRCSP participation and the ISESI categorised by quartile (Q) showed that Q4 (the lowest SES) was less likely to participate OR=0.769 (0.757-0.782) than Q1 (the highest SES), and the opposite was found for Q2 OR=1.368 (1.347-1.390) and Q3 OR=1.156 (1.137-1.175).Conclusions: An ISESI was constructed and validated using PIS data and made it possible to evaluate inequalities in CRC screening.
Differential effects of two NSAIDS on crayfish behavior and physiology: the need for multiple assays to quantify toxicological effects
Authors: Neal Alexandra , Moore Paul 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The evaluation of pharmaceutical compounds using both sublethal and environmentally relevant concentrations is an understudied area within ecotoxicology. Additionally, studies assessing toxicity of these compounds often use a single measure to determine impact. There exists potential for a wide variety of complex and unpredictable effects in non-target organisms due to both the design of pharmaceutical compounds and the conservation of target receptors across different phyla. This study assessed the behavioral and physiological impacts of two common non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID) medications on crayfish using environmentally relevant concentrations (0.30, 1.5, 3, 30 µg/L). Male and female crayfish were exposed by submerging them in an aqueous solution of either ibuprofen or naproxen for a 24-hr period. Following exposure to either ibuprofen or naproxen sodium, there were no significant changes to crayfish consumptive behavior, however, physiology was significantly different. Oxygen consumption by exposed female crayfish was greater and occurred faster than non-exposed control female crayfish. Impacts of sublethal exposure from pharmaceuticals may lead to reduced fitness and alter community interactions or functions. The results of this study lead us to propose that further ecotoxicological studies utilize multiple measurements to investigate the effects of chemical exposure.
Evaluation of risk stratification and sepsis-related mortality in patients with positive blood cultures via procalcitonin, combined with the PIRO system in ED
Authors: Yang Long , Lin Yue , Zhang Xiangqun , Song Jianmei , Wei Bing , Ye Xinghua , Zeng Hong , Yang Jun , Wang Junyu , Liu Bo 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
The aim of the study was to evaluate risk stratification and sepsis-related mortality in patients with positive blood cultures via procalcitonin (PCT) combined with the predisposition, infection, response, and organ dysfunction (PIRO) system in emergency departments (ED).
Methods
A total of 380 patients with positive blood cultures were admitted to Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital ED from December 2017 to October 2019. Their serum PCT was recorded, along with a Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, Mortality in Emergency Department Sepsis (MEDS) score, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score, and PIRO score to predict the prognosis of septic patients with positive blood culture in terms of ICU (Intensive care unit) admission, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) development, and 28-day mortality. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and logistic regression analysis were used to assess the prognostic value of the scoring systems.
Results
On admission, 358 patients met the inclusion criteria. PCT, MEDS, APACHE II, and PIRO scores were found to independently predict ICU admission, MODS development, and 28-day mortality (P < 0.05), whereas SOFA did not. The AUC values of the PCT, MEDS, APACHE II, and PIRO scores for ICU admission were 0.620, 0.740, 0.780, and 0.751, respectively. For MODS, the AUC values of PCT, MEDS, APACHE II, and PIRO were 0.664, 0.701, 0.761, and 0.811, respectively. In the prediction of 28-day mortality, the AUC values of PCT, MEDS, APACHE II, and PIRO were 0.782,0.745,0.805, and 0.831, respectively. The AUC values combined PCT and PIRO system in predicting MODS and 28-day mortality were better than when predicting ICU admission. Meanwhile, the AUC values of PCT when combined with MEDS, APACHE II, or PIRO score were higher than that of any single predictor.
Conclusions
This study indicates that PCT combined with the PIRO scoring system has a higher predictive value and is superior in predicting MODS and 28-day mortality in septic patients with a positive blood culture.
Environments And Hosts Structure The Bacterial Microbiomes Of Fungus-Gardening Ants And Their Symbiotic Fungus Gardens.
Authors: Bringhurst Blake , Allert Mattea , Greenwold Matthew , Kellner Katrin , Seal Jon Nicholas 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The fungus gardening-ant system is considered a complex, multi-tiered symbiosis, as it is composed of ants, their fungus, and microorganisms associated with either ants or fungus. We examine the bacterial microbiome of Trachymyrmex septentrionalis and Mycetomoellerius turrifex ants and their symbiotic fungus gardens, using 16S rRNA Illumina sequencing, over a large geographical region (east and central Texas). Typically microorganisms can be acquired from a parent colony (vertical transmission) or from the environment (horizontal transmission). Because the symbiosis is characterized by co-dispersal of the ants and fungus, elements of both ant and fungus garden microbiome could be characterized by vertical transmission. The goals of this study were to explore how both the ant and fungus garden bacterial microbiome are acquired. The main findings were that different mechanisms appear to explain the structure the microbiomes of ants and their symbiotic fungus gardens. Ant associated microbiomes had a strong host ant signature, which suggests vertical inheritance of the ant associated bacterial microbiome. On the other hand, the bacterial microbiome of the fungus garden was more complex in that some bacterial taxa appear to be structured by the ant host species, whereas others by fungal lineage or the environment (geographic region). Thus bacteria in fungus gardens appear to be acquired both horizontally and vertically.
Do Motorcycle Helmets Reduce Road Traffic Injuries, Hospitalizations and Mortalities in Low and Lower-Middle Income Countries in Africa? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Abdi Nadifa , Robertson Tara , Petrucka Pammla , Crizzle Alexander 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: While there are a few studies have that examined the association between helmet use and injury prevention in Africa, there has been no systematic review to synthesize the literature within an African context nor has there been any study examining the effect of helmet use on injury prevention. Methods: We conducted the review in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute for Systematic Reviews protocols. Articles were searched using several databases (e.g. CINAHL, OVID Medline) and select grey literature (e.g. TRID). Articles were included if they were quantitative studies published in English between 2000-2019 and evaluated the association between motorcycle helmet use with head injuries, hospitalizations, and deaths in low- and lower-middle income countries in Africa with comprehensive motorcycle helmet laws. A meta-analysis was performed using pooled effect sizes assessing helmet use and head injuries. Results: After screening 491 articles, eight studies met the inclusion criteria. Helmet use ranged from 0-43%. The mean age of being involved in a crash was 30 years with males being two times as likely to be involved in motorcycle crashes than females. Drivers (riders) were more likely to be involved in a crash, followed by passengers and then pedestrians. Helmet use also reduced injury severity and mortality. The meta-analysis showed that helmet use resulted in an 88% reduction of head injuries (OR 0.118, 95% CI: 0.014-0.968, p= 0.049).Conclusions: In our study, helmet usage significantly reduced the likelihood of fatal head injuries. African countries with no helmet laws should consider adopting helmet use policies to reduce the number type and severity of injuries.
Risk Assessment Model of Residual Coal Spontaneous Combustion Based on Combination Weighting and SPA Method and Its Application
Authors: Qi Yun , Wang Wei , Ge Jiaqi , Yang Zebin , Qi Qingjie 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In order to solve the problem of low accuracy about the autogenous risk assessment in minded-out area, which caused several kinds of risk factors like ambiguity, arbitrament, uncertainty, variability and diversity, a combination weighting set pair analysis (SPA) coupling evaluation should be put forward. Firstly, based on the mechanism and occurrence conditions of coal spontaneous combustion, There are 11 influencing factors identified and extracted from the three aspects, which are named as coal spontaneous combustion tendency, extraction conditions, air leakage and heat storage conditions; Then, euclidean measure should be introduced to make sure the degree in difference between the subjective and objective weights and compromising modulus, so the combined weights of each index were obtained. Based on SPA theory, a combined weighting spa coupling mining model was constructed; Finally, Setting three minded-out areas affected by gas drainage conditions in Ping Dingshan No.10 Coal Mine as an example, the set pair association degree expression of evaluation index and corresponding standard is obtained, and finally the risk level was determined. The results show that the prediction results of spontaneous combustion risk in No.1, No.2 and No.3 minded-out areas are consistent with the measured results, and the prediction accuracy of the model is high.