bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adverse effects of psychedelics: From anecdotes and misinformation to systematic science
Authors: Schlag Anne K , Aday Jacob , Salam Iram , Neill Jo C , Nutt David J 
Published: February 2022

Background: Despite an increasing body of research highlighting their efficacy to treat a broad range of medical conditions, psychedelic drugs remain a controversial issue among the public and politicians, tainted by previous stigmatisation and perceptions of risk and danger. Objective: This narrative review examines the evidence for potential harms of the classic psychedelics by separating anecdotes and misinformation from systematic research. Methods: Taking a high-level perspective, we address both psychological and psychiatric risks, such as abuse liability and potential for dependence, as well as medical harms, including toxicity and overdose. We explore the evidence base for these adverse effects to elucidate which of these harms are based largely on anecdotes versus those that stand up to current scientific scrutiny. Results: Our review shows that medical risks are often minimal, and that many – albeit not all – of the persistent negative perceptions of psychological risks are unsupported by the currently available scientific evidence, with the majority of reported adverse effects not being observed in a regulated and/or medical context. Conclusions: This highlights the importance for clinicians and therapists to keep to the highest safety and ethical standards. It is imperative not to be overzealous and to ensure balanced media reporting to avoid future controversies, so that much needed research can continue.
Autistic mothers’ perinatal well-being and parenting styles
Authors: Hampton Sarah , Allison Carrie , Aydin Ezra , Baron-Cohen Simon , Holt Rosemary 
Published: February 2022

Autistic people may be at higher risk of perinatal mental health conditions, given that autism and mental health conditions commonly co-occur and that autistic people face additional stressors such as barriers to appropriate maternity care. This study explored self-reported stress, depression, anxiety and satisfaction with life during the third trimester of pregnancy (n = 27 autistic women; n = 25 non-autistic women), 2 to 3 months after birth (n = 24 autistic women; n = 26 non-autistic women) and 6 months after birth (n = 22 autistic women; n = 29 non-autistic women). Self-reported parenting confidence and parenting styles were explored at 6 months after birth. Autistic participants scored significantly higher than non-autistic participants on stress, depression and anxiety across the time-points as a whole, although there were no group differences for satisfaction with life. Anxiety scores significantly decreased over time for both groups. No group differences were found for parenting confidence nor parenting anxiety, nurturance, involvement or routine, although the autistic group scored lower on parenting discipline. The findings highlight the need for effective screening and support for perinatal mental health conditions for autistic people. Professionals working with autistic parents should be aware that autistic and non-autistic parents report being equally likely to engage in positive parenting behaviours such as nurturance and involvement. Lay abstract Autistic people can have difficulties during pregnancy and after giving birth, such as difficulty getting health care that meets their needs. Autistic people may therefore have lower well-being than non-autistic people during this time. We asked autistic and non-autistic people to fill in questionnaires measuring stress, depression, anxiety and satisfaction with life. They were asked to do this once during pregnancy, once 2 to 3 months after giving birth and once 6 months after giving birth. At 6 months after giving birth, they also filled in questionnaires about parenting. The autistic parents had higher stress, depression and anxiety scores than the non-autistic parents. For both groups, scores for anxiety went down over time. There were no differences between the groups on satisfaction with their life or how confident they were as a parent. There were no differences between the groups on most areas of parenting style, although autistic parents scored lower on parenting discipline. This study suggests that autistic people may be more stressed, depressed and anxious than non-autistic people during pregnancy and after giving birth. Autistic people therefore need good quality support during this time. This study also suggests that autistic and non-autistic parents may be just as likely to parent in positive ways such as being sensitive to their baby’s needs.
Comparison of the views of patients and rehabilitation therapists on the importance and respecting of the patients’ rights charter
Authors: Ghayoumi-Anaraki Zahra , Forough Bakhsh Mina , Rezaei Anbarake Seyed Ahmad , Mohsenpour Mohaddeseh 
Published: February 2022

Introduction Respecting the Patients’ Rights Charter leads to the demands of patients for their rights and the response of rehabilitation therapists by increasing their compliance. The present study aimed to compare the views of patients and rehabilitation therapists about the importance and extent of compliance with the Patients’ Rights Charter. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted for 3 months on 114 patients and 55 therapists who were selected using the convenience sampling method. The data collection tools included a demographic information form and the Justification and Practice of Patient Rights Questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, paired t-test, and Pearson correlation coefficient. Results Mean scores of the importance of compliance with the Patients’ Rights Charter were 2.21 ± 0.40 and 2.31 ± 0.43 in the group of patients and therapists, respectively. Moreover, the mean scores of compliance with the Patients’ Rights Charter were 1.45 ± 0.48 and 1.53 ± 0.61 from the perspective of patients and therapists, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the views of patients and therapists on the importance and extent of compliance with the Patients’ Rights Charter. Discussion and Conclusion The importance of respecting the Patients’ Rights Charter from the perspective of patients and therapists was at a desirable level while the level of compliance with it from the perspective of both groups was moderate. It seems that more research is needed to explain the causes of this discrepancy and increase compliance with the Patients’ Rights Charter in rehabilitation clinics.
Graphite flame retardant applied on polyester textiles: flammable, thermal and in vitro toxicological analysis
Authors: Alonso Cristina , Manich Albert , Campo Adolfo del , Felix-De Castro Paula , Boisseree Nora , Coderch Luisa , Martí Meritxell 
Published: February 2022

Expandable graphite was applied to an upholstery polyester textile material as an eco-friendly flame-retardant alternative to halogenated compounds. Fabrics treated with the flame retardant were evaluated by flammability tests. Besides, thermal analysis was carried out by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). Moreover, a percutaneous absorption study was conducted to verify the safety in terms of dermal penetration of the flame-retardant treated upholstery fabric for human use. The upholstery fabric treated with expandable graphite successfully passed the flammability tests. Thermogravimetric analyses with TGA and DSC showed that the flame-retardant application slightly decreased the initial decomposition temperatures regardless of the atmosphere but increased the final residue at 600°C (35.7% in O2 and 44.5% in N2) compared to non-treated upholstered fabrics. Dermal permeation of expandable graphite applied on the polyester fabric showed no penetration after 24 h of fabric exposure time. This result demonstrated that graphite-treated polyester fabric is dermatologically and toxicologically safe for use in upholstery. Applied expandable graphite proved an efficient and safe flame-retardant alternative to conventional flame retardants for eco-friendly flame resistance applications in upholstery fabrics.
Predictors of delayed wound healing after simultaneous endovascular treatment and minor forefoot amputation for chronic limb-threatening ischemia with wound infection
Authors: Yanagiuchi Takashi , Kato Taku , Hirano Keita , Toki Hiroyuki , Imura Haruki , Matsubara Kunihiko , Ushimaru Shunpei , Yokoi Hirokazu , Zen Kan , Matoba Satoaki 
Published: February 2022

Objectives To assess wound healing after simultaneous endovascular treatment (EVT) and minor forefoot amputation and identify the predictors of delayed wound healing in patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) and bacterial infections of the wounds. Methods In this single-center retrospective cohort study, we evaluated 79 consecutive limbs with tissue loss from 73 CLTI patients who underwent simultaneous EVT and minor forefoot amputation between November 2017 and May 2020. To estimate the rate of wound healing after the simultaneous procedure, we used the Kaplan–Meier method. To assess the association between baseline characteristics and delayed wound healing, we used the Cox proportional hazard model. Results All patients who underwent the simultaneous procedure had ischemic wounds with bacterial infection. The rate of wound healing at 6 months reached 82%. The median time for wound healing was 76 days. According to multivariable analysis, Lisfranc/Chopart amputation (hazard ratio (HR) 2.46, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09–6.60), absence of above-the-knee (ATK) occlusive lesions (HR 1.89, 95% CI 1.04–3.45), and poor below-the-ankle (BTA) runoff (HR 1.77, 95% CI 1.01–3.11) were independent predictors of delayed wound healing. Conclusion Lisfranc/Chopart amputation, absence of ATK occlusive lesions, and poor BTA runoff were independent predictors of delayed wound healing after simultaneous EVT and minor forefoot amputation in patients with CLTI and bacterial infections of the wound.
Maternal anthropometric measurements and correlation to maternal and fetal outcomes in late pregnancy
Authors: Boucher Taryn , Farmer Lauren , Moretti Michael , Lakhi Nisha A 
Published: February 2022

Background: Body mass index does not distinguish between lean and fat body mass; therefore, its utility defining body composition is limited in pregnancy. Anthropometric measurements may better represent variation in body composition among women who are overweight or obese. We sought to examine body fat composition using maternal anthropometric measurements in late pregnancy and correlate with mode of delivery. Methods: A prospective study of pregnant patients who were overweight (body mass index: 25–29.9 kg/m2) or obese (body mass index ⩾ 30 kg/m2) with singleton pregnancies who underwent anthropometric measurements between 27 weeks, 0 days to 34 weeks, 6 days gestation. Maternal skinfold thicknesses from eight sites were used to estimate body fat mass. Correlation of skinfold thickness, anthroprometric measurements, and estimated body fat percentage on mode of delivery were analyzed with p < .05 as significant. Results: A total of 41 women with overweight (34.1%) or obese (65.9%) body habitus were included. Mean age was 29.9 years, and the majority (43.9%) were Black and 31.7% identified Hispanic/Latinx. The average gestational age at recruitment was 30 weeks, 2 days and 38 weeks, 6 days at delivery. A greater weight at recruitment (94.2 vs 81.8 kg, p = .023), waist circumference (47.1 vs 43.5 inches, p = .010), Huston–Presley body fat percentage (36.4% vs 31.8%, p = .030), triceps skinfold thickness (20.1 vs 15.7 mm, p = .030), biceps skinfold thickness (18.6 vs 15.0 mm, p = .042), and skinfold thickness, as well as sum of skinfold sites (83.3 vs 68.8 mm, p = .049) were associated with cesarean delivery compared to vaginal delivery on univariate analysis. Conclusion: Third-trimester anthropometric measurements may help predict increased risk for c-section in women with obesity. Further research may elucidate utility in nutritional counseling and delivery planning.
Dosage and clinical outcomes of medical emergency team and conventional referral mediated unplanned intensive care admissions
Authors: Satyavolu Rajkumar , Ruknuddeen Mohammad Ishaq , Soar Natalie , Edwards Suzanne Melissa 
Published: February 2022

Background: Unplanned intensive care unit (ICU) admission occurs via activation of medical emergency team (MET) and conventional ICU referral (CIR), i.e., ICU consultation. We aimed to compare the dosage, association with unplanned ICU admissions and hospital mortality between MET and CIR systems. Methods: We performed a retrospective, single centre observational study on unplanned ICU admissions from hospital wards between July 2017 and June 2018. We evaluated the dosage (expressed per 1000 admissions) and association of CIR and MET system with unplanned ICU admission using Chi-square test. The relationship (unadjusted and adjusted to Australia and New Zealand risk of death (ANZROD) and lead time) between unplanned ICU admission pathway (MET vs CIR) and hospital mortality was tested by binary logistic regression analysis [Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI)]. Results: Out of 38,628 patients hospitalised, 679 had unplanned ICU admission (2%) with an ICU admission rate of 18 per 1000 ward admissions. There were 2153 MET and 453 CIR activations, producing a dosage of 56 and 12 per 1000 admissions, respectively. Higher unplanned ICU admission was significantly associated with CIR compared to MET activation (324/453 (71.5%) vs 355/2153 (16.5%) p < 0.001). On binary logistic regression, MET system was significantly associated with higher hospital mortality on unadjusted analysis (OR 1.65 (95% CI: 1.09–2.48) p = 0.02) but not after adjustment with ANZROD and lead time (OR 1.15 (95% CI: 0.71–1.86), p = 0.58). Conclusions: Compared to CIR, MET system had higher dosage but lower frequency of unplanned ICU admissions and lacked independent association with hospital mortality.
An ultra-thinned groin flap for reconstruction of complete digital ring avulsion injuries
Authors: Manoukov Yvan , Beauthier-Landauer Violaine , Sautet Alain , Teboul Frederic , Thumser Joannie , Cambon-Binder Adeline 
Published: February 2022

In complete digital ring avulsions, amputation is usually carried out when replantation of the avulsed tissue is not an option or has failed. The purpose of this study was to report our experience in treating Urbaniak Class III degloved fingers using an ultra-thinned pedicled groin flap. Sixteen patients from ages 11 to 26 years were included. In all cases, the flexor digitorum superficialis tendon, extensor apparatus and proximal interphalangeal joint were intact. Rehabilitation included immediate active mobilization, with flap division at day 21. At a mean follow-up of 15 months, all patients but one were satisfied with the appearance. Two had mild subjective cold intolerance. No flap failure was recorded. The mean total active motion was 183° and the mean QuickDASH score was 8.8/100. Patients recovered S1 sensibility according to the Mackinnon and Dellon classification. The ultra-thinned groin flap has proved to be a reliable technique for non-replantable ring avulsions. Level of evidence: IV
Systematic review and meta-analysis: evaluating response to empiric anti-TNF dose intensification for secondary loss of response in Crohn’s disease
Authors: Srinivasan Ashish , Gilmore Robert , van Langenberg Daniel , De Cruz Peter 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) dose intensification represents an effective method of overcoming secondary loss of response (LOR); however, a subset of patients may not respond (tertiary non-response), or fail to demonstrate durable response (tertiary LOR) to intensified dosing. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate these outcomes to determine the clinical effectiveness of empiric dose intensification in Crohn’s disease. Methods: Multiple databases including MEDLINE and EMBASE were interrogated to identify studies that reported outcomes following anti-TNF dose intensification to address secondary LOR in Crohn’s disease. Studies that used anti-TNF levels as the primary basis for dose intensification were excluded. Studies that reported (1) tertiary response and tertiary non-response within 6 months or (2) tertiary response and tertiary LOR beyond 6 months, were pooled using a random effects model with risk ratio (RR) derived, quantifying the effect of each comparison. Results: Twenty-six studies reported outcomes following anti-TNF dose intensification to address secondary LOR. Short-term response within 12 weeks of any dose-intensification strategy was 33–90%, while sustained response (⩾48 weeks) was achieved in 25–85%. Tertiary non-response occurred in up to 45% of intensified patients within 6 months of anti-TNF dose intensification, while tertiary LOR beyond 6 months occurred in up to 64% of patients. Tertiary response was more likely than tertiary non-response within 6 months (RR 2.58, 95% CI (1.76, 3.79), I2 = 82%, 12 studies), while sustained response beyond 6 months compared to tertiary LOR (RR 1.10 (0.75, 1.61) I2 = 85%, 7 studies) was less convincing. Conclusion: Although anti-TNF dose intensification is clinically effective in patients with Crohn’s disease, particularly within the first 6 months, a proportion of patients will fail to demonstrate short-term and/or sustained clinical response. Hence, clinical reassessment following anti-TNF dose intensification, particularly beyond 6 months, remains important to differentiate between effective and ineffective dose-intensification strategies.
Disseminated gonococcal infection of the shoulder mimicking rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Kobayashi Shunsuke , Izaki Teruaki , Miyake Satoshi , Arashiro Yasuhara , Yamamoto Takuaki 
Published: February 2022

Introduction Gonococcal arthritis is a characteristic of disseminated gonococcal infection (DGI). DGI arthritis is one of the most serious orthopedic emergencies because it can result in rapidly progressive joint damage, but it is often difficult to diagnose. Delayed treatment can result in the development of osteomyelitis in the adjacent bone, similar to other types of bacterial arthritis. Method We report a case of gonococcal osteomyelitis associated with DGI that was initially treated as rheumatoid arthritis. The diagnosis was confirmed by DNA testing of synovium collected during arthroscopic debridement. Results Seven years after the initial consultation, there was no acute-phase reactant, the arthritic changes had improved over time and the range of motion had increased. DGI may be difficult to confirm, but it is one of the most important entities that should be differentiated in the treatment of arthritis. Conclusion Clinicians need to keep in mind that blood and synovial fluid cultures often do not lead to a definitive diagnosis.
Internal Medicine Resident Adherence to Evidence-Based Practices in Management of Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Mehta Chirag , Cohen David , Jaisinghani Priya , Parikh Payal 
Published: February 2022

Objective Diabetic preventative health maintenance involves (1) adherence to guidelines and (2) appropriate documentation. This study evaluates the frequency with which internal medicine (IM) residents met these two outcomes. We also evaluated if there were differences in outcomes between resident classes. Methods In this retrospective analysis, 234 diabetic outpatient visits were analyzed. Guidelines were derived from the American Diabetes Association (ADA). The outcomes for each guideline were averaged and stratified by resident class. Averages within and between classes were compared using the student's paired t-test and one-way ANOVA respectively. Results Classes were most adherent to A1c testing guidelines (PGY-1 96.1%, PGY-2 97.6%, and PGY-3 95.9%). PGY-1 and PGY-2 classes were least adherent to podiatry (27.5% and 17.6% respectively), whereas PGY-3 had equal least adherence rates to podiatry and lifestyle modification guidelines (36.7%). All classes had highest rates in documenting A1c findings (PGY-1 92.2%, PGY-2 97.6%, and PGY-3 85.7%) and lowest rates in documenting relevant podiatry information (PGY-1 5.9%, PGY-2 5.9%, and PGY-3 11.2%). Comparing sequential resident classes, there was a decline in lifestyle counselling and documentation from PGY-1 to PGY-2. From PGY-2 to PGY-3, there was improvement in adherence to statin, podiatry, microalbuminuria, and monofilament guidelines. There was also improvement in documenting statin and monofilament usage, however, A1c reporting declined. Conclusion The findings of the study suggest disproportionate levels of care in diabetes preventative management. Additionally, program directors should take caution in assuming linear improvement with sequential resident classes.
Live Cycle Delight: An Urban Fitness Boutique Fights to Stay Alive
Authors: Scott Crystal J. 
Published: February 2022

Live Cycle Delight (LCD) and Live Cycle Delight Hot (LCD Hot) is a boutique fitness studio founded in 2017 in Detroit, Michigan, by owner, Amina Daniels. The studios are nestled in a quaint up and coming historic multicultural neighborhood just outside of Downtown Detroit. After winning two start-up contests in 2015, Amina’s business started turning a profit in year two. LCD had a loyal client following and Amina was hopeful that LCD would continue growing and expanding. In March 2020, all of that changed when LCD, like all other gyms in Michigan, had to close their doors. In addition to the pandemic, there was social unrest across many states in the country and Amina’s outward support for Black Lives Matter (BLM) did not sit well with some of her customers. Now 9 months later, Amina is wondering how to survive. Many customers have become accustomed to virtual and online fitness classes and some have invested in at-home gyms and fitness equipment. Amina has considered adding on-demand classes, offering more virtual offerings and developing partnerships with other gyms across the country. In the meantime, she has lost 80% of her customers and must figure out how to rebuild.
Fetal vs adult megakaryopoiesis
Authors: Davenport Patricia , Liu Zhi-Jian , Sola-Visner Martha 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Fetal and neonatal megakaryocyte progenitors are hyperproliferative compared with adult progenitors and generate a large number of small, low-ploidy megakaryocytes. Historically, these developmental differences have been interpreted as “immaturity.” However, more recent studies have demonstrated that the small, low-ploidy fetal and neonatal megakaryocytes have all the characteristics of adult polyploid megakaryocytes, including the presence of granules, a well-developed demarcation membrane system, and proplatelet formation. Thus, rather than immaturity, the features of fetal and neonatal megakaryopoiesis reflect a developmentally unique uncoupling of proliferation, polyploidization, and cytoplasmic maturation, which allows fetuses and neonates to populate their rapidly expanding bone marrow and blood volume. At the molecular level, the features of fetal and neonatal megakaryopoiesis are the result of a complex interplay of developmentally regulated pathways and environmental signals from the different hematopoietic niches. Over the past few years, studies have challenged traditional paradigms about the origin of the megakaryocyte lineage in both fetal and adult life, and the application of single-cell RNA sequencing has led to a better characterization of embryonic, fetal, and adult megakaryocytes. In particular, a growing body of data suggests that at all stages of development, the various functions of megakaryocytes are not fulfilled by the megakaryocyte population as a whole, but rather by distinct megakaryocyte subpopulations with dedicated roles. Finally, recent studies have provided novel insights into the mechanisms underlying developmental disorders of megakaryopoiesis, which either uniquely affect fetuses and neonates or have different clinical presentations in neonatal compared with adult life.