bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The socioeconomic status of cities covaries with avian life‐history strategies
Authors: Kinnunen Riikka P. , Fraser Kevin C. , Schmidt Chloé , Garroway Colin J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCities are the planet's newest ecosystem and thus provide the opportunity to study community formation directly following major permanent environmental change. The human social and built components of environments can vary widely in different cities, yet it is largely unknown how features of cities covary with the traits of colonizing species despite humans being the ultimate cause of environments and disturbances in cities. We constructed a dataset from open‐source data comprised of 13,502 breeding season observations of 213 passerine species observed in 551 Census‐defined urban areas across the United States. We found that as a city became more compact with less sprawl it tended to support more migratory species and species with lower body mass, shorter lifespans, and larger clutches. We also found that species had lower body mass in cities with higher median income, and higher body mass in highly populated cities. Our results highlight the complexity of human‐dominated urban ecosystems, where human socioeconomic actions and everyday activities intermix leading to structurally heterogeneous environments that support the colonization of some species over others.
Reduced predation on roadside nests can compensate for road mortality in road‐adjacent turtle populations
Authors: Murphy Rowan E. , Martin Amanda E. , Fahrig Lenore 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTurtles are killed on roads, yet there is little evidence of negative road effects on their abundances. We hypothesized that this could be due to reduced predation of turtle nests laid along roadsides, which could compensate for the effects of higher adult mortality on turtle populations near roads. To test this, we quantified the relative differences in predation of artificial painted turtle (Chrysemys picta) nests near and far from roads, in a field experiment controlling for potentially confounding differences between sites. The field experiment tested the predictions that (1) nest predation rates are lower for roadside nests than nonroadside nests, (2) nest predation rates are lower for linearly placed than clumped nests, and (3) nest predation rates are lower for roadside, linearly placed nests than any other road‐adjacency and configuration combinations. We then estimated how much adult roadkill could be compensated for by reduced roadside nest predation using population viability analysis (PVA). Linearly placed roadside nests had a 26% lower predation rate than nonroad nests in a “natural” (clumped) configuration. This result, combined in a PVA with life‐history information for painted turtles, led to an estimate that approximately 3%–6% annual adult roadkill can be compensated for by reduced nest predation near roads. This suggests that compensation for adult roadkill via predation release is a plausible explanation for the previously documented lack of road effects on turtle population abundance. These results highlight the importance of considering species interactions when evaluating the effects of roads on wildlife populations.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Axially Chiral Oxazole Biaryls by Copper‐Catalyzed Oxidation of Cyclic Diaryliodoniums
Authors: Zhu Daqian , Sun Yameng , Peng Hui , Li Hangni , Yan Yang , Kuang Haolin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe report here a Cu‐catalyzed enantioselective intramolecular oxidation of cyclic diaryliodoniums. With readily available cyclic diaryliodoniums as building blocks, diversified axially chiral oxazole 2‐iodobiaryls were produced with excellent yield as well as excellent enantioselectivity. Furthermore, these chiral aryl iodides could be transformed into iodine (III) species in situ, which can be employed as chiral catalysts.
Physicochemical characteristics of dried ivy gourd in a single slope solar dryer
Authors: Elangovan Elavarasan , Natarajan Sendhil Kumar 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIvy gourd with a good amount of potassium (K) and calcium (Ca) offers greater benefit to human health. Studying the drying mechanism of fresh ivy gourd is very important for subsequent processes and the quality of the product. The present study is intended to perform a mineral analysis (K and Ca), ash content and color parameter (L*, a*, b*, C*, H*, and whiteness and yellowness index) of solar‐dried ivy gourd. Drying experiments are performed in a single slope solar dryer and open sun drying. During the drying process, the temperature of the dryer is maintained from 45 to 75°C, undergoing forced convection drying (air velocity of 1 m/s). Fresh and dried ivy gourd samples had high amounts of Ca (379.26–4992.24 mg/kg) and K (330.63–14690.24 mg/kg). The highest mineral values were determined in the ivy gourd samples dried inside a forced convection solar dryer. Open sun (L*43.29, a*−0.57, b*16.78, C*16.78, h*88.05), natural convection (L*41.74, a*−1.74, b*15.82, C*15.98, h*83.54) and forced convection (L*41.72, a*−2.02, b*15.81, C*15.94, h*82.72) revealed better color values in the dried ivy gourd samples. The moisture is reduced from 93.5% to 10% wet basis in the natural and forced convection solar dryer within 9 and 6 h, whereas it took 10 h under open sun drying. Forced convection solar dryer dried the ivy gourd sample in a minimal time with better mineral retention and color parameter values when compared to natural and open sun‐dried samples.
The effectiveness of skeletal muscle evaluation at the third cervical vertebral level for computed tomography‐defined sarcopenia assessment in patients with head and neck cancer
Authors: Vangelov Belinda , Bauer Judith , Moses Daniel , Smee Robert 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundComputed tomography (CT)‐defined sarcopenia is a prognostic indicator in head and neck cancer (HNC), with the gold standard for muscle evaluation using cross‐sectional area (CSA) at the third lumbar vertebra (L3). We compared methods using CSA at the third cervical vertebra (C3).MethodsMuscle CSA was measured at L3, and CSA at C3 was used to estimate L3 CSA using a prediction model. Agreement and sarcopenia diagnosis were evaluated.ResultsGood correlation was found between measured and estimated CSA (101 scans; r = 0.86, p < 0.001). CSA mean difference (bias) 9.99 cm2, (SD = 20.3 cm2). Skeletal muscle index bias 5.85% (SD = 13.4%), 95% limits of agreement (LoA) (−20.4 to 32.1%, r = 0.29), exceeded clinically accepted limits of 5%. Sarcopenia was diagnosed in 26%‐(L3), 45%‐(C3), with weak agreement (ƙ = 0.368, 95% confidence interval, 0.192–0.544, p < 0.001) (sensitivity 79.2%, specificity 66.7%).ConclusionAgreement between measures was weak. Widespread LoA, proportional bias, and sarcopenia misclassification indicates that estimates using C3 cannot replace actual measures at L3.
Molecular and radiopathologic spectrum between HCC and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Jeon Youngsic , Kwon So Mee , Rhee Hyungjin , Yoo Jeong Eun , Chung Taek , Woo Hyun Goo , Park Young Nyun 
Published: February 2022

Background and Aims:
Primary liver cancers (LCs), including HCC and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA), are derived from a common developmental lineage, conferring a molecular spectrum between them. To elucidate the molecular spectrum, we performed an integrative analysis of transcriptome profiles associated with patients’ radiopathologic features.

Approach and Results:
We identified four LC subtypes (LC1–LC4) from RNA‐sequencing profiles, revealing intermediate subtypes between HCC and iCCA. LC1 is a typical HCC characterized by active bile acid metabolism, telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter mutations, and high uptake of gadoxetic acid in MRI. LC2 is an iCCA‐like HCC characterized by expression of the progenitor cell–like trait, tumor protein p53 mutations, and rim arterial‐phase hyperenhancement in MRI. LC3 is an HCC‐like iCCA, mainly small duct (SD) type, associated with HCC‐related etiologic factors. LC4 is further subclassified into LC4‐SD and LC4‐large duct iCCAs according to the pathological features, which exhibited distinct genetic variations (e.g., KRAS, isocitrate dehydrogenase 1/2 mutation, and FGF receptor 2 fusion), stromal type, and prognostic outcomes.

Conclusions:
Our integrated view of the molecular spectrum of LCs can identify subtypes associated with transcriptomic, genomic, and radiopathologic features, providing mechanistic insights into heterogeneous LC progression.
Risk early warning indicators for air traffic controllers' unsafe acts
Authors: Xu Ruihua , Luo Fan , Zhou Fenghua , Chen Gaoming 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe establishment of an early warning indicator system is the foundation and the key to prevent the unsafe acts of air traffic controllers (ATCers). Therefore, the objective of this study is to determine the early warning indicators for controllers' unsafe acts. Data were encoded through grounded theory and HFACS, and the early warning indicator system was designed. The parameter values were calculated by using the data collected from the expert questionnaire survey. Combining the existing safety performance indicators and expert opinions, the measurement and judgment of indicators were clarified. The results show that the early warning indicator system includes four levels: environment, organization, supervision and ATCers. Among the indicators, the mean values of “degree of job skills mastered,” “intensity of working load,” “lack of safety awareness and responsibility” rank the first three. Based on the findings of this study, the unsafe acts of ATCers can be effectively alerted.
People with Parkinson's disease and housing issues: A scoping review
Authors: Iwarsson Susanne , Andersson Nilla , Slaug Björn , Nilsson Maria H. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsThere is evidence that housing issues are associated with health outcomes as people age, but little is known in this respect regarding the specific population of people with Parkinson's disease (PD). The objective of this literature review was to identify and analyze the knowledge gap concerning people with PD and housing issues.MethodsApplying established guidelines for scoping reviews, a systematic literature search was done in relevant databases applying the following inclusion criteria: empirical studies including human participants with PD, addressing housing in the objective, hypothesis or research questions, and published in English in peer‐reviewed journals. Data were analyzed using a framework of domains, factors, and variables influencing housing decisions among older people.ResultsTwelve publications were identified, originating from a few researchers and with very different scopes. While the social dimension was scarcely attended to, the publications addressed all six domains of the analytical framework and 30% of the variables specified therein, but many were only used for descriptive purposes.ConclusionThis scoping review reveals that there is a substantial knowledge gap regarding people with PD and housing issues. The knowledge gap is most evident in the social dimension, while the studies identified provide more information relating to the health dimension than what is the case in research on housing targeting the general aging population. Because society urgently needs evidence to support the development of housing policies and provide suitable housing for this vulnerable population, more research targeting people with PD and housing issues is warranted.
Current research and future prospects of IVOCT imaging‐based detection of the vascular lumen and vulnerable plaque
Authors: Zhang Ruolin , Fan Yingwei , Qi Wenliu , Wang Ancong , Tang Xiaoying , Gao Tianxin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntravascular optical coherence tomography (IVOCT) is an imaging method that has developed rapidly in recent years and is useful in coronary atherosclerosis diagnosis. It is widely used in the assessment of vulnerable plaque. This review summarizes the main research methods used in recent years for blood vessel lumen boundary detection and segmentation and vulnerable plaque segmentation and classification. This article aims to comprehensively and systematically introduce the research progress on internal tissues of blood vessels based on IVOCT images. The characteristics and advantages of various methods have been summarized to provide theoretical ideas and methods for the reference of relevant researchers and scholars.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 2‐arylquinoline‐3‐fused thiazolo[2,3‐c]1,2,4‐triazole heterocycles as potential antiproliferative and antimicrobial agents
Authors: Dhanavath Ramulu , Dharavath Ravinder , Kothula Devender , Bitla Sampath , Yaku Gugulothu , Birdaraju Saritha , Puchakayala Muralidhar Reddy , Atcha Krishnam Raju 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA series of novel 2‐arylquinoline‐3‐fused thiazolo[2,3‐c]1,2,4‐triazole heterocycles 9a‐t were efficiently synthesized using simple conventional methods in good yields. The structure of newly synthesized molecules was characterized on the basis of their IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectral data. Among 9a‐t, compounds 9h, 9n, 9b and 9d exhibited highly significant antiproliferative activity against two cancer cell lines C6 (nerve cells) and MCF‐7 (human breast adenocarcinoma cells) when compared with standard reference Doxorubicin. In vitro antimicrobial activities of target compounds 9h, 9b, 9d, 9m and 9n were effectuated on Gram‐positive Staphylococcus aurus (ATCC 25923), Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633) and Gram‐negative strains Klebsiella Pneumonia (ATCC 31488) and Escherichia coli (ATCC 25966) strains and found to exhibit promising activity against standard Ciprofloxacin drug. Further, when in vitro antifungal activity was conducted on Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger strains 9h, 9b, 9d and 9n were exhibited potent activity when compared with standard Fluconazole drug moiety.
Synthesis, characterization and crystal structure of some novel partially hydrogenated isoquinolines and their fused heterocyclic systems
Authors: Marae Islam S. , Ibrahim Omaima F. , Abdel‐Hafez Shams H. , Mohamed Shaaban K. , Mague Joel T. , Bakhite Etify A. ‐G. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractKetonic hydrolysis of 7‐acetyl‐4‐cyano‐1,6‐dimethyl‐6‐hydroxy‐8‐phenyl‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydro‐isoquinoline‐3(2H)‐thione (1) via heating with aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide resulted in both deacetylation and dehydration affording new 7,8‐dihydroisoquinoline scaffold (7,8‐DHISQ) 2. Two simple mechanistic approaches are postulated for this synthesis. One of them was supported by converting 7‐acetyl‐4‐cyano‐1,6‐dimethyl‐8‐phenyl‐7,8‐dihydroisoquinoline‐3(2H)‐thione (3) into 7,8‐DHISQ 2 via heating with aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide. Compound 2 was used as a key intetermediate for synthesizing other 7,8‐DHISQ's 4 and 6, as well as 7,8‐dihydrothienoisoquinoline 7. Reaction of compound 3 with 2‐chloroacetamide (8) by refluxing in ethanol containing sodium acetate gave 7‐acetyl‐1‐amino‐5,8‐dimethyl‐6‐phenyl‐6,7‐dihydrothieno[2,3‐c] isoquinoline‐2‐carboxamide (10) which was converted into full aromatized pyrimidothienoisoquinoline 12 on treatment with triethyl orthoformate. Reaction of 3 with both hydrazine hydrate and hydroxylamine hydrochloride afforded tetrahydropyrazolo‐isoquinoline 13 and tetrahydroisoxazoloisoquinoline 14, respectively. Reaction of 14 with N‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐2‐chloroacetamide (15) produced (N‐phenylcarbamoylmethylthio)tetra‐hydroisoxazoloisoquinoline 16 which was coverted into tetrahydroisoxazolothieno‐isoquinoline 17 upon heating with sodium ethoxide. Also, crystal structures of compounds 4 and 13 were determined via X‐rays diffraction analysis.
Cerebral palsy and sex differences in children: A narrative review of the literature
Authors: Romeo Domenico M. , Venezia Ilaria , Pede Elisa , Brogna Claudia 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn the last years, new evidence has increased the attention on sex differences in the development of children with cerebral palsy (CP). Males seem to present with a higher risk for severe motor impairment and in the response to chirurgical and rehabilitative interventions. The published data confirmed a higher incidence of CP in males than in females. The aim of this literature review was to evaluate the impact of the sex on the most important areas that characterized CP: motor function, comorbidities (pain, cognitive impairment, communications skills, epilepsy, sleep, and behavior), and the different kind of interventions.
Regional patterns of dry spell durations in Croatia
Authors: Cindrić Kalin Ksenija , Pasarić Zoran 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe spatiotemporal characteristics of mean and maximum dry spells (DSs) in Croatia were analysed through general climatology and the return values associated with different return periods. An analysis was performed across seven regions with different precipitation regimes comprising data from 131 meteorological stations for 1961–2015. Daily precipitation limits of 1, 5, and 10 mm were used to define dry days, and DSs were defined as consecutive series of dry days. Generalized extreme value (GEV) and generalized Pareto (GP) distributions were applied to the DS annual maxima (AM) and the peak over threshold (POT) series, respectively. The respective distribution parameter methodology and interpretation combined both frequentist and Bayesian approaches. The regional mean DS lengths clearly indicated a dominance of DS durations in easternmost Croatia during the cold season (mainly winter) and in the southern Adriatic during the warm season (mainly summer). Elsewhere, combined climatic influences were reflected, with the shortest DSs found in the highlands. This spatial pattern was more pronounced for DS5 and DS10, whereas differences in DS1 durations were not evident. Spatial DS distribution return values associated with various return periods obtained by the GEV and GP distributions followed the general DS climatology. The visual inspection of an appropriate threshold for GP‐POT modelling, using the GP parameter stability graphs and L‐moment ratio diagrams, indicated that the 75th percentile value was best for all three DS categories. Although the estimates obtained by the two methods could not be directly compared, the GP model generally found longer DS return values than those obtained by the GEV, particularly in the regions with long DS. This study provides a climatological basis for drought parameters and drought risk assessment in Croatia. Moreover, the results are relevant for adjacent regions, complementing and enriching the current DS characteristics knowledge in southeastern Europe.
Immune checkpoint upregulation in periprosthetic joint infection
Authors: Warren Shay I. , Charville Gregory W. , Manasherob Robert , Amanatullah Derek F. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPeriprosthetic joint infections (PJI) induce an immunosuppressive cytokine profile through an unknown mechanism. Immune checkpoints, like programmed cell death 1 (PD‐1) and its ligand (PD‐L1), initiate innate immunosuppressive pathways essential for self‐tolerance. Several malignancies and chronic infections co‐opt these pathways to derive a survival advantage. This study evaluates PD‐1/PD‐L1 expression in periprosthetic tissue from patients undergoing revision hip or knee arthroplasty for a PJI versus an aseptic failure. PD‐1/PD‐L1 in the global tissue sample and the high‐power microscopic field of maximum expression was analyzed prospectively using immunohistochemistry. Fifteen patients with a PJI (45%) and 16 patients with an aseptic failure (52%) were included. PD‐1 expression was uniformly low. Maximum PD‐L1 expression was upregulated in patients with a PJI (25%, interquartile range [IQR]: 5%–75%) versus an aseptic failure, (8%, IQR: 1%–48%, p = 0.039). In the PJI cohort, maximum PD‐L1 expression was higher among patients who developed a recurrent PJI (68%, IQR: 53%–86% vs. 15%, IQR: 5%–70%, p = 0.039). Patients with global PD‐L1 over 5% trended toward a near 22‐fold increase in the odds of reinfection (odds ratio [OR]: 21.9, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.9–523.5, p = 0.057) and patients with maximum PD‐L1 over 20% trended toward a 15‐fold increase in the odds of reinfection (OR: 15.0, 95% CI: 0.6–348.9, p = 0.092). These results support immune checkpoint upregulation as a mechanism of PJI‐induced local immune dysfunction. Future studies should confirm PD‐L1 as a risk factor for reinfection in larger cohorts.
Cloning, expression, and characterization of a novel endo‐type alginate lyase from Microbulbifer sp. BY17
Authors: Yan Fen , Chen Junying , Cai Ting , Zhong Jinfu , Zhang Shaolong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDAlginate oligosaccharides (AOS), with various physiological effects, have been widely used in the food, agricultural, and pharmaceutical industries. The biological enzymatic method of preparing AOS, using alginate lyase, has more advantages compared with physical and chemical methods. Cloning and heterologously expressing alginate lyase are therefore very important.RESULTSA novel alginate lyase, BY17PV7, from Microbulbifer sp. BY17, isolated from Gracilaria, was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). BY17PV7 was about 27 KDa. BY17PV7 showed the greatest activity (150.42 3.32 U/mg) at 43 °C and pH 8.9. It could be activated by Ca2+, Mn2+, Co2+, Fe3+, Na+, and inhibited by Mg2+, Zn2+, Ba2+, Cu2+, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA). BY17PV7 had a wide range of substrate specificity and good degradation effects for poly β‐D‐mannuronate (polyM) and poly α‐L‐guluronate (polyG), demonstrating that it is a bifunctional alginate lyase. The kinetic parameters showed that BY17PV7 had a greater affinity for polyG. BY17PV7 released AOS with a degree of polymerization (DP) of 3–4 in an endolytic manner from sodium alginate. Alginate oligosaccharides showed strong antioxidant ability of reducing Fe3+ and scavenging radicals such as hydroxyl, 2,2‐azion‐bia (3‐ethylbenzo‐thiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid diammonium salt) (ABTS) and 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH).CONCLUSIONA novel bifunctional alginate lyase, BY17PV7, was expressed and characterized in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). The results were helpful for the analysis of the molecular mechanisms of degrading patterns in the polysaccharide lyase (PL) family. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Analysis of tamoxifen and its main metabolites in plasma samples of breast cancer survivor female athletes: Multivariate and chemometric optimization
Authors: Sadeghcheh Tahereh , Saber Tehrani Mohammad , Faraji Hakim , Aberoomand Azar Parviz , Helalizadeh Masoumeh 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA sensitive method based on liquid chromatography combined with a diode array detector was developed and validated to simultaneously determine tamoxifen, and its active metabolites N‐desmethyltamoxifen, 4‐hydroxytamoxifen, and endoxifen in human plasma samples. The green and sustainable vortex‐assisted dispersive liquid‐phase microextraction technique based on the natural hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent was used for the extraction and preconcentration of the analytes. Chemometrics and multivariate analysis were used to optimize the independent variables including the type and volume of deep eutectic solvent, extraction time, and ionic strength. Under optimal conditions, calibration curves were linear in a suitable range with the lower limits of quantification (0.8–10.0 μg/L), which covered the relevant concentrations of the analytes in plasma samples for a clinical study. Intra‐ and interday precision evaluated at three concentrations for the analytes were lower than 8.2 and 12.1%, respectively. Accuracy was in the range of 94.9–104.7%. The applicability of the developed method on human plasma samples illustrated the range 45.1–72.8, 98.4–128.3, 0.9–1.2, and 2.7–6.1 μg/L for tamoxifen, N‐desmethyltamoxifen, 4‐hydroxytamoxifen, and endoxifen, respectively. The validated method can be effective for the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and therapeutic drug monitoring studies of tamoxifen and its main metabolites in biological fluids.