bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends in Methamphetamine Use in the Mainland of China, 2006–2015
Authors: Zhang Bo , Yan Xiangyu , Li Yongjie , Zhu He , Lu Zuhong , Jia Zhongwei 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundMethamphetamine is the most prevalent drug in the mainland of China, yet few studies on the non-medical use of methamphetamine nationwide have been conducted. This study aimed to examine the trends in the prevalence of non-medical methamphetamine use and to explore the flow pattern of internal migrant methamphetamine users in the mainland of China.MethodsData were extracted from the National Dynamic Management and Control Database for Drug Users (NDMCD). Joinpoint regressions were used to examine trends in the prevalence and population size of methamphetamine use.ResultsA total of 1,821,468 methamphetamine use cases registered in NDMCD from 2006 to 2015 were identified. The number of methamphetamine use cases presented an increasing trend in all age subgroups, and among them, the elderly increased the fastest [annual percent change (APC2006−2015), 122.9; 95% CI, 113.0–133.3; p &lt; 0.001]. The prevalence of methamphetamine use increased from 4.69 per 100,000 population in 2008 to 45.38 per 100,000 population in 2015 (APC2008−2015, 36.1; 95% CI, 31.9–40.6; p &lt; 0.001). The regions of the Pearl River Delta, Yangtze River Delta, and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration absorbed over 96% of all internal migrant methamphetamine use cases, and the number of migrant methamphetamine use cases presented increased trends in these three regions.ConclusionsThe increasing trends in methamphetamine use have become a threat to all age groups in China. Substance use prevention programs should focus on internal migrant drug users, especially in economically developed regions.
Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B Among Healthcare Workers in Asia and Africa and Its Association With Their Knowledge and Awareness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Maamor Nur Hasnah , Muhamad Nor Asiah , Mohd Dali Nor Soleha , Abdul Mutalip Mohd Hatta , Leman Fatin Norhasny , Aris Tahir , Lai Nai Ming , Abu Hassan Muhammad Radzi 
Published: April 2022

IntroductionThe hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a blood-borne virus that can be transmitted by percutaneous and mucocutaneous contact with infected bodily fluid. Healthcare workers (HCWs) are more exposed to HBV infection. They must have a thorough understanding of HBV infection since they can contract and spread the virus. In this study, we systematically reviewed all published evidence on the seroprevalence of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among HCWs. and synthesize evidence on the association between knowledge and awareness with HBV infection.MethodsWe searched PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and Scopus for studies reporting on HBV seroprevalence from January 1997 to September 2021 among healthcare workers. We used random-effects meta-analyses to estimate the pool prevalence of HBV infection.ResultsWe identified 25 studies that met our inclusion criteria, with data on 10,043 adults from 11 countries and two regions: Africa and Asia. The overall seroprevalence of HBV was 5.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.6%), with Africa reporting higher estimates (5.0%, 95% CI 3.7%) than Asia population (4.0%, 95% CI 1.9%). The highest pooled prevalence estimate in African countries came from studies published in the Cameroon region (8.0%, 95% CI 5–10%) while the lowest came from Ethiopia (4.0%, 95% CI 2.6%). The overall seroprevalence estimates in the African population were significantly higher than those in the Asian group. Studies in Africa found that the average knowledge and seroprevalence were 1.4% and 11.0%, respectively where, eight studies (53.3%) reported good knowledge and seven studies (46.7%) reported average knowledge. In Asia, two studies (40.0%) reported good knowledge, one study (20.0%) reporting average knowledge, and two studies (40.0%) reporting poor knowledge. African studies demonstrated good knowledge despite the fact that their HBV infection rate was higher than 6.7%.ConclusionAfrica and Asia have the highest seroprevalence of HBV infection. Improving the comparability of epidemiological and clinical studies constitutes an important step forward. More high-quality data is needed to improve the precision of burden estimates.Systematic Review RegistrationPROSPERO CRD42021279905.
The Usefulness of Radiomics Methodology for Developing Descriptive and Prognostic Image-Based Phenotyping in the Aging Population: Results From a Small Feasibility Study
Authors: Mirón Mombiela Rebeca , Borrás Consuelo 
Published: April 2022

Background: Radiomics is an emerging field that translates medical images into quantitative data to enable phenotypic profiling of human disease. In this retrospective study, we asked whether it is possible to use image-based phenotyping to describe and determine prognostic factors in the aging population.Methods: A radiomic frailty cohort with 101 patients was included in the analysis (65 ± 15 years, 55 men). A total of 44 texture features were extracted from the segmented muscle area of the ultrasound images of the anterior thigh. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to assess the image data sets and clinical data.Results: Our results showed that the heterogeneity of muscle was associated with an increased incidence of hearing impairment, stroke, myocardial infarction, dementia/memory loss, and falls in the following two years. Regression analysis revealed a muscle radiomic model with 87.1% correct predictive value with good sensitivity and moderate specificity (p = 0.001).Conclusion: It is possible to develop and identify image-based phenotypes in the elderly population. The muscle radiomic model needs to further be validated. Future studies correlated with biological data (genomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, etc.) will give further insights into the biological basis and molecular processes of the developed radiomic model.
The Diagnostic Significance of CXCL13 in M2 Tumor Immune Microenvironment of Human Astrocytoma
Authors: Chang Shu-Jyuan , Chao Chia-Te , Kwan Aij-Lie , Chai Chee-Yin 
Published: April 2022

Background: CXCL13 may act as a mediator of tumor-associated macrophage immunity during malignant progression.Objective: The present study clarifies the clinicopathological significances of CXCL13 and its corresponding trend with M2 macrophage in human astrocytoma.Methods: The predictive potential of CXCL13 was performed using 695 glioma samples derived from TCGA lower-grade glioma and glioblastoma (GBMLGG) dataset. CXCL13 and M2 biomarker CD163 were observed by immunohistochemistry in 112 astrocytoma tissues.Results: An in-depth analysis showed that CXCL13 expression was related to the poor prognosis of glioma patients (p = 0.0002) derive from TCGA analysis. High level of CXCL13 was detected in 43 (38.39%) astrocytoma and CXCL13/CD163 coexpression was expressed in 33 (29.46%) cases. The immunoreactivities of CXCL13 and CXCL13/CD163 were found in the malignant lesions, which were both significantly associated with grade, patient survival, and IDH1 mutation. Single CXCL13 and CXCL13/CD163 coexpression predicted poor overall survival in astrocytoma (p = 0.0039 and p = 0.0002, respectively). Multivariate Cox regression analyses manifested CXCL13/CD163 phenotype was a significant independent prognostic indicator of patient outcome in astrocytoma (CXCL13, p = 0.0642; CXCL13/CD163, p = 0.0368).Conclusion: CXCL13 overexpression is strongly linked to CD163+ M2 infiltration in malignant astrocytoma. CXCL13/CD163 coexpression would imply M2c-related aggressive characteristics existing in astrocytoma progression could also provide predictive trends of patient outcomes.
Analysis and Control of Cracks in Ni60 Coating of 7050 Aluminum Alloy by Electron Beam Cladding
Authors: Liu Hailang , Zhang Qian , Chen Jian , Zeng Zhuangji , Tang Jie 
Published: April 2022

Ni60 electron beam cladding can play an important role in improving the properties of 7050 aluminum alloy. The cracking of the cladding layer, however, greatly affects the cladding quality. To solve this problem, the optimum range of cladding process parameters is determined by an experimental method: electron beam current [25–30 × 10−3 A], scanning speed [10–12 mm/s] and focusing current [700–720 × 10−3 A]. Through range analysis of the experiment results, the primary and secondary order of the influence of the cladding process parameters on the crack areal density is determined as follows: electron beam current > scanning speed > focusing current. A mathematical model of the crack areal density of the cladding layer is established based on the method of nonlinear regression, which is y = 4.1553 × 104 I2.2887V−0.8379I210.2675. It is shown that the model has obvious significance in the results of variance analysis, which can provide a basis for the selection of electron beam cladding process parameters.
Rapid Synthesis of Hexagonal-Shaped Zn(Al)O-MMO Nanorods for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Using Zn/Al-LDH as Precursor
Authors: Salih Ethar Yahya , Ramizy Asmiet , Aldaghri Osamah , Sabri Mohd Faizul Mohd , Madkhali Nawal , Alinad Tarfah , Ibnaouf Khalid Hassan , Eisa Mohamed Hassan 
Published: April 2022

This study reports a simple new technique for the preparation of novel hexagonal-shaped mixed metal oxides (MMO) nanorods using Zn/Al-layered double hydroxide (LDH) as a precursor for dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) application. The effect of the Zn to Al molar ratio demonstrated a sound correlation between the obtained nanorods’ diameter and the fabricated DSSCs efficiency. Additionally, the optical behavior of the fabricated MMO film as well as the absorption enhancement due to the utilized dye are also demonstrated; a cut-off phenomenon at around 376 nm corresponds to the attained hexagonal nanorods. The open-circuit voltage augmented noticeably from 0.6 to 0.64 V alongside an increase in the diameter of nanorods from 64 to 80 nm. The results indicated that an increment in the diameter of the nanorods is desirable due to the enhanced surface area through which a higher amount of dye N719 was loaded (0.35 mM/cm2). This, in turn, expedited the transport of electrons within the MMO matrix resulting in an advanced short-circuit current. Of the devices fabricated, ZA-8 exhibited the highest fill factor and efficiency of 0.37% and 0.69%, respectively, because of its boosted short-circuit current and open-circuit voltage.
Body Mass Index Mediates the Relationship between the Frequency of Eating Away from Home and Hypertension in Rural Adults: A Large-Scale Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Liu Beibei , Liu Xiaotian , Wang Yuyang , Dong Xiaokang , Liao Wei , Huo Wenqian , Hou Jian , Li Linlin , Wang Chongjian 
Published: April 2022

This study was conducted to investigate the association of eating away from home (EAFH) frequency with hypertension and to explore whether the association was mediated by BMI. A total of 29,611 participants were selected from the Henan Rural Cohort Study. Data on the frequency of EAFH were obtained by face-to-face questionnaires. The relationship between EAFH frequency and blood pressure was evaluated by linear regression. Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline were used to assess the association between EAFH frequency and hypertension, and the mediation effect of BMI on the relationship was performed. There were pronounced associations between the frequency of EAFH and blood pressure (P trend < 0.001) in the total population and men. Compared with the population with 0 times EAFH per week, the multivariate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for hypertension of the group with 7 times or more EAFH per week were 1.673 (1.482–1.889) for the total population and 1.634 (1.413–1.890) for men. A nonlinear dose-response relationship was detected between the frequency of EAFH and hypertension (p < 0.001), and the relationship was partially mediated by BMI. The proportion explained was 21.3% in the total population and 25.4% in men. The current study indicated that EAFH was associated with rising blood pressure and increased risk of hypertension and BMI partially mediated the relationship.
Aprendizagem colaborativa - abordagem numa perspectiva teórica / Collaborative learning - approach from a theoretical perspective
Authors: Gaspar Maria Ivone Clemente 
Published: April 2022

Este texto assume uma perspectiva teórica e tem como objeto a aprendizagem colaborativa. Desenvolve-se em quatro pontos, atribuindo aos três primeiros a preocupação de articular conceitos que criem a base de sustentação de “aprendizagem colaborativa” e o quarto ponto tem a função de registar algumas questões que são sintoma de alguma perplexidade perante este tipo de aprendizagem. Num primeiro ponto, de natureza introdutória, reflete-se sobre o conceito de aprendizagem, visando a sua operacionalização para este estudo, pelo que merece o título de Aprendizagem. Depois, num segundo ponto, analisa-se, sucintamente, o conceito de comunidade no confronto de dois tipos de comunidade – “comunidade de prática” e “comunidade de aprendizagem” - pelo que aparece com o título de Comunidades. No ponto três, tendo como referente as comunidades de aprendizagem, caracteriza-se a Aprendizagem colaborativa, para, finalmente, surgir um ponto 4, à guisa de conclusão.
Envelhecimento, sexualidade e infecções sexualmente transmissíveis no Brasil e na Argentina: revisão de literatura / Aging, sexuality and sexually transmitted infections in Brazil and Argentina: a literature review
Authors: Perim Laura Fontoura , Ventura Jeferson , Corrêa Leandro , Scarton Juliane , Dos Santos Nicolle Nunes , Gomes Laura Telles , Brum Alexandre Antunes , Brum Aline Neutzling 
Published: April 2022

O envelhecimento populacional caracteriza-se por um importante acontecimento nesse século no cenário mundial, impactando nos serviços de saúde. Evidencia-se, de forma acelerada, a transição demográfica atrelada à transição epidemiológica que impulsiona a necessidade de compreender esses fatos e desenvolver ações voltadas á assistência de saúde da população idosa. Os principais impactos da longevidade associados aos avanços científicos e tecnológicos proporcionam à pessoa idosa a manutenção da prática sexual. A sexualidade da pessoa idosa ainda é negligenciada por muitos serviços e equipes de saúde, ancorados em tabus e mitos que consideram esse segmento populacional como um grupo assexuado nessa fase da vida. As infecções sexualmente transmissíveis veem crescendo entre a população idosa, em especial o HIV, sífilis e as hepatites virais. Esse aumento na prevalência dessas infecções na população idosa está associado a fatores sócios culturais. Torna-se necessário conhecer e estratificar os fatores associados às infecções sexualmente transmissíveis na população idosa, para elaborar ações de educação em saúde com enfoque na prevenção e na elaboração das políticas públicas. Assim, o objetivo desse trabalho foi contemplar estudos sobre esse tema no Brasil e na Argentina, através da realização de uma revisão de literatura. Os resultados mostram que é necessário inserir a pessoa idosa nas campanhas educativas de prevenção sobre as ISTs, com a finalidade de direcionar ações que possam levar a uma maior conscientização desta população. Novos estudos que tratem sobre esse assunto são imprescindíveis no subsídio de políticas públicas que possam atender a demanda da sexualidade e das infecções sexualmente transmitidas em idosos.
Indicators of upcoming electric breakdown in a pyroelectric accelerator
Authors: Karataev Pavel , Oleinik Andrei , Fedorov Kirill , Klenin Artemiy , Kubankin Alexander , Shchagin Alexander 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This paper describes indicators that can be used to monitor the operating mode of a pyroelectric accelerator. It is shown that the ratio of the characteristic X-ray emission lines from the target and the vacuum chamber walls is very sensitive to the state of the accelerator. Also, the peak to total count rate ratio in the electron spectrum exhibits similar properties. These parameters change sharply ahead of the electric breakdown and are very sensitive to the residual gas pressure level. Monitoring these indicators during the accelerator operation provides a fine tool aiding the implementation of pyroelectric technology for stable and reliable charged particle generation and acceleration.
Mimicking of thermal spin dynamics by controlling sparsity of interactions in Ising spin computing with digital logic circuits
Authors: Yoshida Asaki , Miki Tsukasa , Shimada Moe , Yoneda Yuri , Shirakashi Jun-ichi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We introduce extraction-type majority voting logic (E-MVL) that explores the ground state of an Ising spin model. The spin dynamics of E-MVL approximately follow that of thermal spins based on the Boltzmann distribution, even though E-MVL intentionally reduces the information of the problem graph by controlling the sparsity of problem graphs to realize high-speed calculation. We solved the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick spin-glass model using E-MVL and simulated annealing (SA). The probability of obtaining a solution with a 99% E-MVL accuracy is maintained at approximately 85% over the problem size, and E-MVL achieves a high accuracy compared to that of SA.
أثر مستوى صَمْت العاملين على الذاكرة التنظيمية دراسة تطبيقية على شركة مِياه الشُرْب والصَرْف الصِّحِّي بمحافظة المنوفية
Authors: موسى أحمد 
Published: April 2022

يهدف هذا البحث إلى دراسة أثر صمت العاملين الدائمين بشركة مِياه الشُرْب والصَرْف الصِّحِّي بمحافظة المنوفية على الذاكرة التنظيمية للشركة، وإلى تحديد كيفية تخفيض مستوى هذا الصَمْت إلى أقل مستوىً مُمكن؛ للتأثير الإيجابي على أداء الشركة، وإلى تحسين مستوى الذاكرة التنظيمية للشركة؛ مما يؤدي إلى تدعيم ميزتها التنافسية. ولتحقيق هذه الأهداف؛ تم الاعتماد على المنهج الوصفي الاستقرائي، وتم تطوير قائمة استقصاء لجمع البيانات المطلوبة من العينة العشوائية الطبقية، والتي تم تحديد حجمها (585 مفردة) بمعلومية حجم المجتمع، وكان عدد قوائم الاستقصاء المُوزَّعة 607 قائمة، بينما كان عدد القوائم الصحيحة المُستردَّة 422 قائمة؛ بنسبة 72% من حجم العينة، وتم استخدام حزمة البرامج الإحصائية الجاهزة (SPSS)؛ لتحليل البيانات، واختبار فروض البحث.
وقد توصل البحث إلى عددٍ من النتائج، وكان من أهمها: وجود تأثير سلبي لمستوى صَمْت العاملين الدائمين بشركة مِياه الشُرْب والصَرْف الصِّحِّي بمحافظة المنوفية على مستوى الذاكرة التنظيمية للشركة مأخوذًا بشكل إجمالي، وعلى كل متغير من متغيراتها على حده.
وفي نهاية هذا البحث، تم التوصُّل إلى عددٍ من التوصيات، وكان من أهمها: تنظيم دورات تدريبية ووِرش عمل للعاملين الدائمين بالشركة؛ وذلك بهدف ترسيخ دور وأهمية قنوات الاتصال الفعَّالة في تحقيق أهداف الشركة، وبِناء وتنمية مهارات هؤلاء العاملين الخاصة بالإشراف الفعَّال على الآخرين
Perencanaan Perawatan Mesin Bubut di Lingkungan Laboratorium Geologi Teknik Institut Sains & Teknologi AKPRIND Yogyakarta
Authors: Suhartono Suhartono - , Mulyaningsih Sri , Mindayani Iva 
Published: April 2022

Kegiatan pembuatan sayatan tipis batuan di Laboratorium Geologi Teknik Institut Sains & Teknologi (IST) AKPRIND Yogyakarta sangat intensif untuk menunjang kegiatan praktikum mahasiswa dan penelitian dosen dan mahasiswa, terutama untuk penggunaan mesin pemotong dan pengasah batu. Keandalan mesin-mesin tersebut menentukan kualitas produk sayatan yang dihasilkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyusun perencanaan perawatan mesin, sehingga dapat diprediksi lama penggunaannya dan tingkat keausannya, biaya perawatannya, dan masa penggunaannya. Objek penelitian adalah mesin-mesin bubut (Lathe Machines) typeÂ San YuenÂ sy-gf 2000h. Metode penelitian mencakup penghitungan Reliability factor, maintainability factor, availability factor dan biaya perawatannya. Hasil penelitian adalah nilai keandalan (Reliability Factor) mesin bubut adalah 70%, laju kerusakan (Î») = 0,01228 kerusakan/jam, nilai mean time between failure (MTBF)Â adalah 63,335jam/kerusakan, mean time between maintenance (MTBM) adalah 42,22 jam dan lamanya perawatan (Maintenance) adalah 2,35 jam. Mesin-mesin bubut di lingkungan Laboratorium Geologi Teknik IST AKPRIND dalam kondisi andal (Reliability) yang layak pakai, dan efektif untuk dioperasikan.
Milliarcsecond Astrometry for the Galilean Moons Using Stellar Occultations
Authors: Morgado B. E. , Gomes-Júnior A. R. , Braga-Ribas F. , Vieira-Martins R. , Desmars J. , Lainey V. , D’aversa E. , Dunham D. , Moore J. , Baillié K. , Herald D. , Assafin M. , Sicardy B. , Aoki S. , Bardecker J. , Barton J. , Blank T. , Bruns D. , Carlson N. , Carlson R. W. , Cobble K. , Dunham J. , Eisfeldt D. , Emilio M. , Jacques C. , Hinse T. C. , Kim Y. , Malacarne M. , Maley P. D. , Maury A. , Meza E. , Oliva F. , Orton G. S. , Pereira C. L. , Person M. , Plainaki C. , Sfair R. , Sindoni G. , Smith M. , Sussenbach E. , Stuart P. , Vrolijk J. , Winter O. C. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A stellar occultation occurs when a Solar System object passes in front of a star for an observer. This technique allows the sizes and shapes of the occulting body to be determined with kilometer precision. In addition, this technique constrains the occulting body’s positions, albedos, densities, and so on. In the context of the Galilean moons, these events can provide their best ground-based astrometry, with uncertainties in the order of 1 mas (∼3 km at Jupiter’s distance during opposition). We organized campaigns and successfully observed a stellar occultation by Io (JI) in 2021, one by Ganymede (JIII) in 2020, and one by Europa (JII) in 2019, with stations in North and South America. We also re-analyzed two previously published events: one by Europa in 2016 and another by Ganymede in 2017. We then fit the known 3D shape of the occulting satellite and determine its center of figure. This resulted in astrometric positions with uncertainties in the milliarcsecond level. The positions obtained from these stellar occultations can be used together with dynamical models to ensure highly accurate orbits of the Galilean moons. These orbits can help when planning future space probes aiming at the Jovian system, such as JUICE by ESA and Europa Clipper by NASA. They also allow more efficient planning of flyby maneuvers.
Zwicky Transient Facility and Globular Clusters: The RR Lyrae gri-band Period–Luminosity–Metallicity and Period–Wesenheit–Metallicity Relations
Authors: Ngeow Chow-Choong , Bhardwaj Anupam , Dekany Richard , Duev Dmitry A. , Graham Matthew J. , Groom Steven L. , Mahabal Ashish A. , Masci Frank J. , Medford Michael S. , Riddle Reed 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Based on time-series observations collected from the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF), we derived period–luminosity–metallicity (PLZ) and period–Wesenheit–metallicity (PWZ) relations for RR Lyrae located in globular clusters. We have applied various selection criteria to exclude RR Lyrae with problematic or spurious light curves. These selection criteria utilized information on the number of data points per light curve, amplitudes, colors, and residuals on the period–luminosity and/or period–Wesenheit relations. Due to blending, a number of RR Lyrae in globular clusters were found to be anomalously bright and have small amplitudes of their ZTF light curves. We used our final sample of ∼750 RR Lyrae in 46 globular clusters covering a wide metallicity range (−2.36 dex < [Fe/H] < −0.54 dex) to derive PLZ and PWZ relations in the gri bands. In addition, we have also derived the period–color–metallicity and, for the first time, the period-Q-index-metallicity relations, where the Q-index is extinction-free by construction. We have compared our various relations to empirical and theoretical relations available in the literature and found a good agreement with most studies. Finally, we applied our derived PLZ relation to a dwarf galaxy, Crater II, and found that its true distance modulus should be larger than the most recent determination.