bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tubercular Mycotic Aortic Aneurysm: Complication of Tubercular Spondylodiscitis due to Treatment Default
Authors: Kumar Neeraj , Sharma Mini , Nayyar Nishant , Rana Lokesh , Sood Dinesh 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe have reported rare case of tubercular aortic aneurysm which has developed as complication of spinal tuberculosis. Imaging of patient is available prior to starting of antitubercular treatment which showed vertebral tuberculosis with absence of aortic aneurysm. However, patient defaulted on treatment after taking antitubercular chemotherapy only for 2 months. Patient again reported after 14 months with chest pain. At this stage, imaging showed progression of spinal tuberculosis with development of pseudoaneurysm in adjacent descending thoracic aorta. This contiguous spread of tuberculosis from spine to aorta may have been prevented if patient had completed complete course of antitubercular therapy with regular follow-ups. Patient of spinal tuberculosis need to be counselled and informed regarding its various complications, so that they remain adhered to antitubercular chemotherapy and timely follow-ups to prevent complications.
Metal Complexes as DNA Synthesis and/or Repair Inhibitors: Anticancer and Antimicrobial Agents
Authors: Ngoepe Mpho Phehello , Clayton Hadley S. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMedicinal inorganic chemistry involving the utilization of metal-based compounds as therapeutics has become a field showing distinct promise. DNA and RNA are ideal drug targets for therapeutic intervention in the case of various diseases, such as cancer and microbial infection. Metals play a vital role in medicine, with at least 10 metals known to be essential for human life and a further 46 nonessential metals having been involved in drug therapies and diagnosis. These metal-based complexes interact with DNA in various ways, and are often delivered as prodrugs which undergo activation in vivo. Metal complexes cause DNA crosslinking, leading to the inhibition of DNA synthesis and repair. In this review, the various interactions of metal complexes with DNA nucleic acids, as well as the underlying mechanism of action, were highlighted. Furthermore, we also discussed various tools used to investigate the interaction between metal complexes and the DNA. The tools included in vitro techniques such as spectroscopy and electrophoresis, and in silico studies such as protein docking and density-functional theory that are highlighted for preclinical development.
Prognostic Factors for Conversion to Arthroplasty after Hip Arthroscopy. Review of the Literature
Authors: Seijas Roberto , Barastegui David , Montaña Ferran , Rius Marta , Cuscó Xavier , Cugat Ramón 
Published: December 2021

AbstractArthroscopic techniques in the treatment of femoroacetabular impingement have experienced an exponential increase over recent years for both diagnosis and treatment. The main risks with treatment are poor clinical outcomes and the conversion to prosthesis. Better knowledge and understanding of the various risk factors leading to prosthesis will improve patient selection for arthroscopic treatments rendering better results. The published papers that have been selected are related to series of hip arthroscopies with risk factors that lead to total hip arthroplasty (THA), in the PubMed database, without a time limit, number of patients, or follow-up time. We selected over 302 papers, 19 papers that show risk factors for conversion to THA. The main risk factors found were femoral chondropathy grade III/IV (relative risk 58.1–12 times increased), acetabular (20–2.96 times), an articular space <2 mm (39–4.26 times), age (14.6–1.06 times), Tönnis 2 in radiographic studies (7.73–3.1 times), obesity (5.6–2.3 times), and osteoarthritis (4.6–2.4 times). There are several risk factors which in an isolated way, highly increase the risk of THA. Some of them have a clear relationship (chondropathy, reduced joint space, Tönnis 2, and osteoarthritis). Based on the review we observed that the elements that are most associated with a conversion to THA after a hip arthroscopy are a high degree of femoral and acetabular chondropathy, a reduced joint space below 2 mm, older age, Tönnis 2, obesity, and hip osteoarthritis.
Hydrodynamic flow and concentration gradients in the gut enhance neutral bacterial diversity
Authors: Labavić Darka , Loverdo Claude , Bitbol Anne-Florence 
Published: December 2021

Significance
The human body harbors numerous and diverse bacteria, the vast majority of which are located in the gut. These bacteria can mutate and evolve within the gut, which is their natural environment. This can have important public health implications (e.g., when gut bacteria evolve antibiotic resistance). The gut features specific characteristics, including hydrodynamic flow and resulting gradients of food and bacterial concentrations. How do these characteristics impact the evolution and diversity of gut bacteria? We demonstrate that they can substantially increase the probability that neutral mutants reach high proportions and eventually take over the population. This is because only a fraction of gut bacteria is actively dividing. Thus, the specific environment of the gut enhances neutral bacterial diversity.
Combination of tucatinib and neural stem cells secreting anti-HER2 antibody prolongs survival of mice with metastatic brain cancer
Authors: Cordero Alex , Ramsey Matthew D. , Kanojia Deepak , Fares Jawad , Petrosyan Edgar , Schwartz Charles W. , Burga Rachel , Zhang Peng , Rashidi Aida , Castro Brandyn , Xiao Ting , Lee-Chang Catalina , Miska Jason , Balyasnikova Irina V. , Ahmed Atique U. , Lesniak Maciej S. 
Published: December 2021

Significance
Brain metastases are among the most severe complications of systemic breast cancer, and overexpression of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) in breast cancer cells increases the incidence of brain metastases in patients. In this study, we engineered the human-derived, tumor cell tropic neural stem cells LM-NSC008 (LM008) to continuously secrete antibodies against HER2. These anti-HER2 antibodies impaired tumor cell proliferation by inhibiting the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway in HER2+ breast cancer cells in vitro. Importantly, our results demonstrate that the therapeutic combinatorial regimen consisting of LM-NSC008 anti-HER2 antibody-secreting cells and the HER2 kinase inhibitor tucatinib provide therapeutic benefit and prolong survival in preclinical models of HER2+ breast cancer brain metastases.
Columnar-structured thermal barrier coatings deposited via the water-based suspension plasma spray process
Authors: Xu Pengyun , Meng Guohui , Liu Guijie , Coyle Thomas , Pershin Larry , Mostaghimi Javad 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Suspension plasma spray (SPS) has been developed as a rapid, facile and cost-effective process to deposit columnar-structured thermal barrier coatings (TBCs). In contrast to the most commonly used ethanol-based suspensions, water-based suspensions have not been used in the SPS process to deposit columnar-structured TBCs due to their high surface tension, although they are much cheaper and safer. In this work, a new water-based SPS process was prepared by adding surfactant to lower the surface tension. The optimum content of dispersant and surfactant added to the suspension was determined via measurements of viscosity, particle size, surface tension, contact angles, and atomized droplet size. Coatings deposited using suspensions with and without surfactant showed typical columnar-structured microstructures and vertically cracked microstructures, respectively. The coatings deposited using suspensions with surfactant also showed evolution from columnar-structured microstructures to mixed microstructures of columns and cracks, and to homogeneous microstructures with the increase in standoff distance. The formation of different coating microstructures was correlated to the size of droplets after aerodynamic breakup and the Stokes number of in-flight particles. The new water-based suspension together with the water-based SPS process show great potential to be a cheap and effective alternative to the ethanol-based SPS process.
A nanosecond pulsed discharge circuit model for engine applications
Authors: Gururajan Vyaas , Scarcelli Riccardo 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Non-equilibrium plasma discharges in spark gaps have been an increasingly studied method for alleviating cycle to cycle variation in lean and dilute combustion environments. However, ignition models that account for streamer propagation, cathode fall, and transmission line amplification over nanosecond time scales have so far not been developed. The present study develops such a model, with emphasis on the energy delivered from circuit to cylinder. Key pieces of the relevant physics and chemistry are summarized, simplified, and systematically coupled to one another. The set of parameters is limited to a handful of key observables and modeled using Modelica. Results show non-trivial behavior in the energy delivery characteristics of such discharges with important implications for ignition.
Low-cost and easily replicable apparatus: an Arduino controlled device for educational activities focused on measuring Brewster’s angle
Authors: Jesus Guilherme C C , Castro Tiago J 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this work, we report the development of a low-cost Arduino-controlled device for didactic activities in light polarization. The main body of the prototype was designed and produced using laser-cut medium density fibreboard parts, including gears and pulleys. As a light source and detector, a 532 nm laser pointer and a light dependent resistor were used, respectively. The moving parts (light source and detector) are controlled using a stepper motor (28BYJ-48) with the ULN2003 driver. The apparatus was tested with glass and plastic (polystyrene) slides. The results show that the prototype can distinguish between parallel and perpendicular polarization (to the plane of incidence). In addition, it is demonstrated that the prototype can be satisfactorily applied to determine the Brewster’s angle, even for solids with close refractive indexes.
Application of a Space-based Optical Interferometer Toward Measuring Cosmological Distances of Quasars
Authors: Huang Ying-Ke , Fang Yue-Dong , Lu Kai-Xing , Zhang Zhi-Xiang , Liu Ji-Lin , Li Sha-sha , Luo Bao-Rui , Lin Qin , Huo Zhuo-Xi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Measuring quasar distance through joint analysis of spectroastrometry and reverberation mapping observations is a new method for driving the development of cosmology. In this paper, we carry out detailed simulation and analysis to study the effect of four basic observational parameters (baseline length, exposure time, equivalent diameter and spectral resolution) on the data quality of differential phase curves (DPCs), and furthermore on the accuracy of distance measurement. In our simulation, we adopt an axisymmetrical disk model of a broad line region (BLR) to generate differential phase signals. We find that the differential phases and their Poisson errors could be amplified by extending the baseline, while the influence of optical path difference errors can be reduced during fitting the BLR model. Longer exposure time or larger equivalent diameter helps reduce the absolute Poisson error. Therefore, the relative error of DPCs could be reduced by increasing any of the above three parameters, then the accuracy of distance measurement could be improved. In contrast, the uncertainty of absolute angular distances (D
A) could be improved with higher spectral resolution, although the relative error of DPCs would be amplified. We show how the uncertainty of distance measurement varies with the relative error of DPCs. For our specific set of model parameters, without considering more complicated structures and kinematics of BLRs in our simulation, it is found that the relative error of DPCs < 20% is a limit for accurate distance measurement. The relative error of DPCs has a lower limit (roughly 5%) and the uncertainty in distance measurement can be better than 2%.
Disc damage likelihood scale recognition for Glaucoma detection
Authors: Mohammed F. G. , Athab S.D. , Mohammed S. G. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Glaucoma is a visual disorder, which is one of the significant driving reason for visual impairment. Glaucoma leads to frustrate the visual information transmission to the brain. Dissimilar to other eye illness such as myopia and cataracts. The impact of glaucoma can’t be cured; The Disc Damage Likelihood Scale (DDLS) can be used to assess the Glaucoma. The proposed methodology suggested simple method to extract Neuroretinal rim (NRM) region then dividing the region into four sectors after that calculate the width for each sector and select the minimum value to use it in DDLS factor. The feature was fed to the SVM classification algorithm, the DDLS successfully classified Glaucoma disease with 70% percentage; moreover, when the dimensions of both Optic Disc(OD) and Optic Cup(OC) were used as additional features the accuracy rate raised to 91%.
Influence Metal Berylliumof the Optical FiberCoreon plasmonic Properties
Authors: John Hussein Taqi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The paper include, the properties of the plasmonic optical fiber in which the core is beryllium metal were studied, were we studied the effect of this metal on the plasmonic fiber, and a mathematical program was used which is COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS, which depends on the finite element method (FEM) to deduce the first three modes and the effective refractive index, neff
accompanying each wavelength. It was observed that when order the mode is increased, the lobes will increase, where the mode, LP
01 is one spot and the mode, LP11
are two spots and the mode, LP21
are four spots. An increase in the power indicator is increase red and yellow, and this applies to all modes. That is, by controlling the radius of the fiber core and the wavelength, it is possible to equilibrium the power ratio that propagates forward and backward.
The neff
, attenuation coefficient and propagation constant for different wavelengths and core radii for the first three modes were also studied. In all cases, we got the higher values when the wavelengths are small the value, and then these values begin to reduction at increasing wavelength.
Monitoring Land Change of Cover in Al-Rusafa District In Baghdad City by using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques
Authors: Hamdi Halah Qahtan , Abdul-Ameer Zehraa Najim 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Change detection of land surface is critical to execute precise data about territory of study for any sorts of arranging improvement. Technologies of Remote Sensing and GIS and have accomplished incredible strides to tackle the investigation issues like changes of land cover. The point of that study is to deliver guides of land front of Al-Rusafa District on year 2000, 2018 to screen the potential the expectable changes especially in vegetation land and metropolitan or built land, furthermore, identify the cycle of city settlement. Two multi-transient satellite picture information, Upgraded Topical Mapper picture information from 2000 and OLI Satellite picture information from 2018 were utilized in that task. That study direction is the major approach of classification approach to supply divided maps, and cover of land categories were recognized and map. Spectral indices (NDVI, NDBI, NDWI) utilized to identify the changes of expanding and diminishing land the change detection in (Arc Map 10.5 ) Envision was utilized to identify the urban development and the concentrated alters encompassing the urban regions. Cellular automata of Markov was utilized to mimic the patterns of land utilize and change of cover the period of 2000 to 2018 cross-tabulation lattices between diverse stages were delivered to interpret the patterns of change of covers from one cover land to another, these measurement information straight forwardly regions communicated the alter of land cover. The results about appear these demonstrate that around (31.8 %) of Change from one Kind of land cover to another one though around (68.2 %) of the region Remained unaltered between (2000, and 2018)..
Thyroglobulin titration and hazard components at follow-up Patients with thyroid cancer
Authors: Jary Aqeel Maryoosh , Atiyah Sadeq Naeem , Abbood Nazar Ali , Alhamd M. W. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The comes about of the total body scintigraphy filter with iodine-131 and the comes about of thyroid globulin titration were surveyed in 90 patients with separated thyroid cancer and with their follow-up after treatment. Amid the follow-up, backslides were watched in 12 cases, 8 cases (3 cases: ordinary thyroid globulin, 5 cases: tall thyroid gobolin) analyzed by scintigraphy filter and 5 cases with tall thyroid globulin level and the scintigraphy scan negative and backslide was analyzed with the assistance of radiography or ultrasound. Of the 24 cases who gotten sparkle filters demonstrating doubt of repeat, 6 cases were repetitive, whereas as it were 2 of the 63 routinely performed cases were found. It was watched that 10 of the 12 patients who had a backslide were from the tall hazard gather. When considering the typical upper constrain for thyroglobulin 10ng/ml, 3 untrue negative cases were found among patients with backslides, and the number diminished to 1 on the off chance that the upper restrain was considered 5ng/ml. In.
A comparison and classification of land use land cover to estimate their effect on environment: case study in Baghdad city
Authors: Ahmed Bushra A. , Hadi Ghaida S. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This study compared and classified of land use and land cover changes by using Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) on two cities (Al-Saydiya city and Al-Hurriya) in Baghdad province, capital of Iraq. In this study, Landsat satellite image for 2020 were used for (Land Use/Land Cover) classification. The change in the size of the surface area of each class in the Al-Saydiya city and Al-Hurriya cities was also calculated to estimate their effect on environment. The major change identified, in the study, was in agricultural area in Al-Saydiya city compare with Al-Hurriya city in Baghdad province. The results of the research showed that the percentage of the green area from the total area in Al-Saydiya city is 34.95%, while in Al-Hurriya is 27.53%. Therefore, available results of land use and land cover changes can provide critical input to decision-making of environmental management and planning the future.
Using of metakaolin to produce colored geopolymer concrete
Authors: Mohammed Hameed M , Mohammed Ali A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This study was related to produce colored geopolymer concrete using metakaolin and adding two types of red (iron oxide) and green (chromium oxide) pigments with three additional ratios for each of the listed colors (0, 2, 4, 6 )% wt of metakaolin, and study some mechanical properties of colored geopolymer concrete. The experimental investigation has dealt with the fresh properties(slump) of the colored geopolymer concrete mixes as well as some of the mechanical properties of the hardened concrete by testing specimens in compressive strength, modulus of rupture, Rebound number (RN), and ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV). Show us that (2% wt) pigment percentage gives the best results.
photonic cloning of seas and oceans
Authors: A’assam Adi Al , Ahamd M.W. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
When studying the water reality and calculating the increase in the quantities of water per year, we find that there is another way to increase the percentage of water, and that is through optical reproduction. For a detailed explanation of the location of water on Earth, see the map and the data table shown below. Note that the world’s add up to water supply is almost 1.387 million cubic kilometers (332.6 cubic miles) of wate, of which more than 96% is salt water. As for fresh water, more than 96% are trapped by rivers and glaciers, and 30% are on the ground. As for the freshwater resources represented in rivers and lakes, they constitute about 93,100 cubic kilometers (22,300 cubic miles), which is about 1/150 of 1% of the total water. Rivers and lakes still make up most of the water sources that people use daily. The amount of water stored in the oceans for long periods is much more than that which moves through the water cycle. The total water supply worldwide is 1,386,000,000 cubic kilometers (321,000,000 cubic miles), of which 1,338,0, 000 cubic kilometers (332,500,000 cubic miles) are stored in the oceans at a rate of 95%, as the oceans give almost 90% of the water. Dissipated that goes to the water cycle. The photonic cloning resulting by the sun contributes to the consistency of water level. Indeed, the consistency of ocean water depends not only on the natural cycle of evaporation process of those waters to return to the oceans again, but also on the photonic cloning resulting by the sun, as experiment has vividly shown.
Dual-band Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna for WiMAX Wireless Communications by Chemical Method
Authors: Khidhir Ali H. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The rectangular microstrip patch antenna (RMPA) had designed and manufactured to operate in two working areas of the worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) communication system. Flame retardant (FR-4) material had used for implementation, and the total antenna size was 57.22 × 1.6 mm3. The chemical method was used to implement the RMPA. The proposed antenna is capable of working at frequencies 2.51 GHz and 3.87 GHz experimentally. The results were -21.62 dB of return loss, and 50 MHz of bandwidth for the first frequency. Also, for second frequency was -20.01 dB of return loss, and 80 MHz of bandwidth.
Photodetector based on Rutile and Anatase TiO2nanostructures/n-Si Heterojunction
Authors: Hamdan S A , Ibrahim I M , Ali I M 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRutile and anatase titanium dioxide TiO2nanostructures has been prepared successfully by hydrothermal technique. Also Rutile and anatase TiO2/n-Si heterojunction detector (HJ) has been fabricated. Hall Effect measurements confirmed that prepared films are n-type. The optical absorption spectra showed the prepared films have peak absorption in UV region. TiO2/n-Si heterojunction had exhibited diode-like rectifying I-V behaviour in the dark as well as under the illumination. Ideality factor greater than 2 and rectification factor for Rutile TiO2/n-Si HJ is equal 32.0961 higher than anatase TiO2/n-Si HJ. Photodetetor based on rutile TiO2/n-Si HJ showed higher responsivity and incident photon-to-current efficiency (IPCE) than photodetector based on anatase TiO2/n-Si HJ. Photodetetor based on rutile TiO2/n-Si HJ has responsivity is 69.11Amp/W at 570 nm and IPCE is 21.2%at 370nm and 1.38% at 570nm. For the purpose of investigating the impacts of TiO2crystal phase upon the performance of the device despite the fact that rutile has a lower band gap compared to anatase, rutile exhibits better photovoltaic activity due to its higher specific surface area.
Influence of Gas Type on the Laser Produced Graphite Plasma
Authors: Alazawi H Adil A , Adnan Abass Q 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Plasma graphite creation by a pulsed Nd: YAG laser with a wavelength of 1064nm to a target in vacuum in two cases (Argon, Air) with varied gas pressures and the resulting spectrum was diagnosed using optical emission spectroscopy for the wavelength range 320-740nm electron temperature Te
and electron density ne
Debye lengthλD
, and plasma frequency f p were calculated. The results showed that increasing the pulse laser energy causes all plasma parameters of both gases under study to increase, as well as a rise in the emission line intensity. The ionization energy of target atoms determines the presence of an element’s atomic and ionic emission lines in the emission spectrum, increase in pressure decreases the electron temperature, and Debye length, also plasma frequency and electron density increase, as it has been proven that the type of gas does not affect the properties of plasma.