bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of a Water Intake Program at the Workplace in Physical and Mental Health Outcomes
Authors: Luo Yin , Chen Hsu Chia , Jui Lin Kuo , Kai Fu Szu , Ru Chen Jyun , Lai Chang-Chi 
Published: April 2022

Introduction Adequate water intake is a low-cost and effectively non-invasive strategy for individual health outcomes. We aimed to demonstrate the efficacy of water intake intervention in intensive-labor and static-type workplaces. Method Smart drinking cups were provided to the participants, and a built-in application (App) associated with the cup was downloaded on their phones. The App collected and recorded the amount of drinking water consumed by the participants set reminders for drinking water and drinking water health education information. We assessed the data, including the amount of and time interval between water intake, sedentary time, the degree of physical and psychological importance of oneself, self-satisfaction, and physical fitness. Results After the intervention, water intake in the two companies significantly increased during the reminder period compared with the non-reminder period. A significant increase was noted in week 3 in the amount of water intake by the participants after using the App, and the total sedentary time considerably decreased. Furthermore, the interval between water consumption decreased compared with the preintervention interval. The systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased in the participants working at the static-type and intensive-labor workplaces after the intervention, respectively. The participants ' lower limb muscle performance also improved significantly, and the emphasis on self-care was significantly improved. Conclusions The health-promoting effects of the water intake wellness intervention were akin to the butterfly effect. Besides significantly increasing water intake, the intervention improved other health behaviors, thereby benefiting physical and mental health. Hence, promoting water consumption in workplaces till it becomes a habit may benefit the employees.
Financial Performance of Firms Pre- and Post-M&A: A Study of Selected Indian Acquirers
Authors: Mehrotra Arpita , Sahay Arunaditya 
Published: April 2022

The objective of the study is to analyse and compare the pre- and post-acquisitions financial performance of 50 Indian acquirers. The selected acquirers are publicly listed companies. The study has used the secondary data obtained from the financial statements. The M&A for acquiring firms become questionable if the financial performance of the acquirers does not improve in the long run. This research study analyses the financial performance of M&A deals in respect of the publicly listed Indian acquirers using accounting ratios at three different levels: all deals, manufacturing industry and service industry. The deals taken for this study constitute 85% of the value of the M&A market for the period chosen between 2010 to 2014. The financial analysis has been compared for three years pre-and-post the deal. The data has been obtained from companies’ annual reports and online databases available in the public domain. The study leads to the conclusion that the acquirers failed to gain financially even after three years of the deal.
Cannabis Use Disorder Is Associated With Longer In-Hospital Lengths of Stay, Higher Rates of Medical Complications, and Costs of Care Following Primary 1- to 2-Level Lumbar Fusion
Authors: Jain Shreya , Cloud Geoffrey W. , Gordon Adam M. , Lam Aaron W. , Vakharia Rushabh M. , Saleh Ahmed , Razi Afshin E. 
Published: April 2022

Study Design Retrospective case-control study. Objectives The purpose of this study is to assess whether cannabis use disorder (CUD) patients undergoing primary 1- to 2-level lumbar fusion (1-2LF) for the treatment of degenerative lumbar spine disorders have higher rates of: (1) in-hospital lengths of stay (LOS), (2) medical complications, and (3) healthcare expenditures. Materials and methods A retrospective case-control study of the MSpine dataset of the PearlDiver claims from January 2007 to March 2018 was performed. Patients with CUD undergoing 1-2LF were queried and matched to a comparison group in a 1:5 ratio by age, sex, and various medical comorbidities yielding 22, 815 patients within the study (CUD = 3805; control = 19 010). Outcomes analyzed included LOS, 90-day medical complications, and costs. A P-value less than .004 was considered significant. Results This study found CUD patients undergoing primary 1-2LF experience longer in-hospital LOS (4- vs. 3-days, P < .0001). Additionally, CUD patients were found to have significantly higher frequency and odds-ratios (OR) (31.88 vs. 18.01% OR: 1.41, P < .0001) of adverse events within ninety days following their procedure. CUD patients also had significantly higher day of surgery ($18,946.79 vs. $15,691.02, P < .0001) and 90 days healthcare expenditures ($21,469.01 vs. $19,556.71, P < .0001). Conclusion Patients with CUD can prepare for increased LOS, complications, and costs following primary 1-2LF. The study can be used to educate these patients of the potential outcomes following their procedure.
Success Rate of Non-Operative Treatment of Insertional Achilles Tendinitis
Authors: Kunkle Bryce F. , Baxter Nicholas A. , Hoch Caroline P. , Caughman Alexander , Barcel John , Scott Daniel J. , Gross Christopher E. 
Published: April 2022

Category: Hindfoot; Other Introduction/Purpose: Insertional Achilles tendinitis (IAT) is a common orthopedic condition that can be treated conservatively or surgically. While non-operative treatment is thought to be beneficial in approximately 50-70% of cases, the precise success rate of non-operative treatment is not fully defined in the current literature. The purpose of this study is to define the success rate of modern non-operative treatment of IAT more precisely. Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed to identify patients who received either surgical or non-surgical treatment of IAT with a single fellowship-trained foot and ankle surgeon at an academic medical center between September 2015 and June 2019. A total of 133 patients (137 ankles) were identified. The success rate of non-operative treatment, defined as the lack of need for surgical treatment within two years of initial diagnosis of IAT, was recorded. Patients with IAT were treated with scheduled anti-inflammatory medications, physical therapy with a focus on eccentric strengthening and Achilles stretching and, when needed, controlled ankle motion (CAM) boot, short leg casting, or Platelet-Rich Plasma injections for refractory cases. A demographic and comorbidity comparison was performed between groups. Statistical analysis was performed using two-tailed Student t-test and Chi-squared test. Results: There was no difference in treatment method between those successfully treated conservatively and those who went on to fail conservative management and require surgery. At first encounter, patients who later received surgery were significantly more likely to have higher VAS pain scores (surgery=6.54, conservative=5.10; p=.045) and lower SF-12 physical scores (surgery=25.16, conservative=35.61; p<.001). The overall success rate of non-operative treatment was 78.57% and the average time from initial diagnosis to surgery was 198.83 days (range, 28-486). Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, the success rates of non-operative treatment for IAT may be higher than what is traditionally thought, at just under 80%. Further, patients with worse VAS and SF-12 physical scores were significantly more likely to fail conservative management. Orthopedic surgeons should use this information to provide more accurate counseling on the most appropriate treatment strategies for IAT.
Metatarsal Head Resection: Patient Reported Outcomes in Patients Suffering from Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Willis Chad , Shah Ashish , Littlefield Zachary , Young Matthew , Luque-Sanchez Kevin S. , Prahad Srihari R. , Nair Pallavi , Donti Sunhith , Young Sean 
Published: April 2022

Category: Midfoot/Forefoot; Lesser Toes Introduction/Purpose: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the most common autoimmune inflammatory conditions encountered in a clinical setting. Conservative management of this disease has improved with the use of Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (DMARDs). When conservative measures fail, surgical treatment is pursued. Metatarsal head resection of the lesser toes with or without first MTP arthrodesis is the operation of choice. There is limited literature on the patient- reported long-term outcomes for this procedure. The aim of this study is to address metatarsal head resection for the treatment of patients suffering from RA and the resultant patient-reported outcomes. Methods: A retrospective analysis of patients that underwent metatarsal head resection at our facility from 2010-2020 was conducted. Patients were selected if they underwent this procedure specifically due to RA. Basic patient demographics, the presence or absence of hammertoes/claw toes, fusion of the great toe, patient medications (DMARDs, steroids), and surgical complications were all recorded with utilization of the electronic medical record (EMR). To evaluate outcomes, we utilized Foot Function Index (FFI) scores as well as the Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) survey. Results: 45 patients met the criteria for this study with a total of 24 individuals completing both the FFI and PROMIS score surveys. The average timepoint at which the outcomes were collected was 5.83 years postoperatively. Postoperative PROMIS scores for physical function, pain interference, and depression were all within one standard deviation of the reference population. The average PROMIS physical function, pain interference, and depression scores for this population was 40.67, 56.74, and 44.75 respectively. The mean FFI scores were 40.84 for pain, 46.95 for disability, 26.5 for activity limitation. There was a significant decrease in postoperative pain scores when compared to preoperative pain of 4.1 to 2.2 (p=0.01). 2 patients experienced wound complications, 11 patients underwent hammertoe correction and 20 patients had simultaneous 1st MTP arthrodesis. Conclusion: Preliminary results suggest metatarsal head resection in patients with RA may be beneficial in decreasing pain and can lead to long-term patient satisfaction. PROMIS scores were helpful in identifying that patients were functioning roughly at the level of the average person in all aspects. We plan to increase the power of our study for a more thorough investigation as well as conduct a more intensive statistical analysis to gain more insight on patient related factors and their effect on outcomes.
Development of a Temperate Climate-Adapted indica Multi-stress Tolerant Rice Variety by Pyramiding Quantitative Trait Loci
Authors: Shin Na-Hyun , Han Jae-Hyuk , Vo Kieu Thi Xuan , Seo Jeonghwan , Navea Ian Paul , Yoo Soo-Cheul , Jeon Jong-Seong , Chin Joong Hyoun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSuccessful cultivation of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in many Asian countries requires submergence stress tolerance at the germination and early establishment stages. Two quantitative trait loci, Sub1 (conferring submergence tolerance) and AG1 (conferring anaerobic germination), were recently pyramided into a single genetic background, without compromising any desirable agronomic traits, leading to the development of Ciherang-Sub1 + AG1 (CSA). However, little research has been conducted to enhance plant tolerance to abiotic stress (submergence) and biotic stress (rice blast), which occur in a damp climate following flooding. The BC2F5 breeding line was phenotypically characterized using the AvrPi9 isolate. The biotic and abiotic stress tolerance of selected lines was tested under submergence stress and anaerobic germination conditions, and lines tolerant to each stress condition were identified through phenotypic and gene expression analyses. The Ciherang-Sub1 + AG1 + Pi9 (CSA-Pi9) line showed similar agronomic performance to its recurrent parent, CSA, but had significantly reduced chalkiness in field trials conducted in temperate regions. Unexpectedly, the CSA-Pi9 line also showed salinity tolerance. Thus, the breeding line newly developed in this study, CSA-Pi9, functioned under stress conditions, in which Sub1, AG1, and Pi9 play a role and had superior grain quality traits compared to its recurrent parent in temperate regions. We speculate that CSA-Pi9 will enable the establishment of climate-resilient rice cropping systems, particularly in East Asia.
RNAP II produces capped 18S and 25S ribosomal RNAs resistant to 5′-monophosphate dependent processive 5′ to 3′ exonuclease in polymerase switched Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Rocha Miguel A. , Gowda Bhavani S. , Fleischmann Jacob 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
We have previously found that, in the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans, 18S and 25S ribosomal RNA components, containing more than one phosphate on their 5′-end were resistant to 5′-monophosphate requiring 5′ → 3″ exonuclease. Several lines of evidence pointed to RNAP II as the enzyme producing them.

Results
We now show the production of such 18S and 25S rRNAs in Saccharomyces cerevisiae that have been permanently switched to RNAP II (due to deletion of part of RNAP I upstream activator alone, or in combination with deletion of one component of RNAP I itself). They contain more than one phosphate at their 5′-end and an anti-cap specific antibody binds to them indicating capping of these molecules. These molecules are found in RNA isolated from nuclei, therefore are unlikely to have been modified in the cytoplasm.

Conclusions
Our data confirm the existence of such molecules and firmly establish RNAP II playing a role in their production. The fact that we see these molecules in wild type Saccharomyces cerevisiae indicates that they are not only a result of mutations but are part of the cells physiology. This adds another way RNAP II is involved in ribosome production in addition to their role in the production of ribosome associated proteins.
Secure tumor classification by shallow neural network using homomorphic encryption
Authors: Hong Seungwan , Park Jai Hyun , Cho Wonhee , Choe Hyeongmin , Cheon Jung Hee 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundDisclosure of patients’ genetic information in the process of applying machine learning techniques for tumor classification hinders the privacy of personal information. Homomorphic Encryption (HE), which supports operations between encrypted data, can be used as one of the tools to perform such computation without information leakage, but it brings great challenges for directly applying general machine learning algorithms due to the limitations of operations supported by HE. In particular, non-polynomial activation functions, including softmax functions, are difficult to implement with HE and require a suitable approximation method to minimize the loss of accuracy. In the secure genome analysis competition called iDASH 2020, it is presented as a competition task that a multi-label tumor classification method that predicts the class of samples based on genetic information using HE.MethodsWe develop a secure multi-label tumor classification method using HE to ensure privacy during all the computations of the model inference process. Our solution is based on a 1-layer neural network with the softmax activation function model and uses the approximate HE scheme. We present an approximation method that enables softmax activation in the model using HE and a technique for efficiently encoding data to reduce computational costs. In addition, we propose a HE-friendly data filtering method to reduce the size of large-scale genetic data.ResultsWe aim to analyze the dataset from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset, which consists of 3,622 samples from 11 types of cancers, genetic features from 25,128 genes. Our preprocessing method reduces the number of genes to 4,096 or less and achieves a microAUC value of 0.9882 (85% accuracy) with a 1-layer shallow neural network. Using our model, we successfully compute the tumor classification inference steps on the encrypted test data in 3.75 minutes. As a result of exceptionally high microAUC values, our solution was awarded co-first place in iDASH 2020 Track 1: “Secure multi-label Tumor classification using Homomorphic Encryption”.ConclusionsOur solution is the first result of implementing a neural network model with softmax activation using HE. Also, HE optimization methods presented in this work enable machine learning implementation using HE or other challenging HE applications.
ProbC: joint modeling of epigenome and transcriptome effects in 3D genome
Authors: Sefer Emre 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Hi-C and its high nucleosome resolution variant Micro-C provide a window into the spatial packing of a genome in 3D within the cell. Even though both techniques do not directly depend on the binding of specific antibodies, previous work has revealed enriched interactions and domain structures around multiple chromatin marks; epigenetic modifications and transcription factor binding sites. However, the joint impact of chromatin marks in Hi-C and Micro-C interactions have not been globally characterized, which limits our understanding of 3D genome characteristics. An emerging question is whether it is possible to deduce 3D genome characteristics and interactions by integrative analysis of multiple chromatin marks and associate interactions to functionality of the interacting loci.

Result
We come up with a probabilistic method ProbC to decompose Hi-C and Micro-C interactions by known chromatin marks. ProbC is based on convex likelihood optimization, which can directly take into account both interaction existence and nonexistence. Through ProbC, we discover histone modifications (H3K27ac, H3K9me3, H3K4me3, H3K4me1) and CTCF as particularly predictive of Hi-C and Micro-C contacts across cell types and species. Moreover, histone modifications are more effective than transcription factor binding sites in explaining the genome’s 3D shape through these interactions. ProbC can successfully predict Hi-C and Micro-C interactions in given species, while it is trained on different cell types or species. For instance, it can predict missing nucleosome resolution Micro-C interactions in human ES cells trained on mouse ES cells only from these 5 chromatin marks with above 0.75 AUC. Additionally, ProbC outperforms the existing methods in predicting interactions across almost all chromosomes.

Conclusion
Via our proposed method, we optimally decompose Hi-C interactions in terms of these chromatin marks at genome and chromosome levels. We find a subset of histone modifications and transcription factor binding sites to be predictive of both Hi-C and Micro-C interactions and TADs across human, mouse, and different cell types. Through learned models, we can predict interactions on species just from chromatin marks for which Hi-C data may be limited.
Association mapping reveals a reciprocal virulence/avirulence locus within diverse US Pyrenophora teres f. maculata isolates
Authors: Clare Shaun J. , Duellman Kasia M. , Richards Jonathan K. , Poudel Roshan Sharma , Merrick Lance F. , Friesen Timothy L. , Brueggeman Robert S. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Spot form net blotch (SFNB) caused by the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Pyrenophora teres f. maculata (Ptm) is an economically important disease of barley that also infects wheat. Using genetic analysis to characterize loci in Ptm genomes associated with virulence or avirulence is an important step to identify pathogen effectors that determine compatible (virulent) or incompatible (avirulent) interactions with cereal hosts. Association mapping (AM) is a powerful tool for detecting virulence loci utilizing phenotyping and genotyping data generated for natural populations of plant pathogenic fungi.

Results
Restriction-site associated DNA genotyping-by-sequencing (RAD-GBS) was used to generate 4,836 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers for a natural population of 103 Ptm isolates collected from Idaho, Montana and North Dakota. Association mapping analyses were performed utilizing the genotyping and infection type data generated for each isolate when challenged on barley seedlings of thirty SFNB differential barley lines. A total of 39 marker trait associations (MTAs) were detected across the 20 barley lines corresponding to 30 quantitative trait loci (QTL); 26 novel QTL and four that were previously mapped in Ptm biparental populations. These results using diverse US isolates and barley lines showed numerous barley-Ptm genetic interactions with seven of the 30 Ptm virulence/avirulence loci falling on chromosome 3, suggesting that it is a reservoir of diverse virulence effectors. One of the loci exhibited reciprocal virulence/avirulence with one haplotype predominantly present in isolates collected from Idaho increasing virulence on barley line MXB468 and the alternative haplotype predominantly present in isolates collected from North Dakota and Montana increasing virulence on barley line CI9819.

Conclusions
Association mapping provided novel insight into the host pathogen genetic interactions occurring in the barley-Ptm pathosystem. The analysis suggests that chromosome 3 of Ptm serves as an effector reservoir in concordance with previous reports for Pyrenophora teres f. teres, the causal agent of the closely related disease net form net blotch. Additionally, these analyses identified the first reported case of a reciprocal pathogen virulence locus. However, further investigation of the pathosystem is required to determine if multiple genes or alleles of the same gene are responsible for this genetic phenomenon.
Pilot implementation of the competence of Czech paramedics to administer sufentanil for the treatment of pain in acute trauma without consulting a physician: observational study
Authors: Renza Metodej , Sykora Roman , Peran David , Hricova Kristina , Brizgalova Nikola , Bakurova Petra , Kukacka Miloš 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
The use of intravenous opioids in the traumatic pain in pre-hospital care in the Czech Republic is based primarily on the indication of a physician. If the paramedic crew arrives at the site earlier or only on their own, analgesia is given after phone-call consultation with the physician or after his arrival at the site. The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the indication and administration of sufentanil by paramedics in the treatment of pain in acute trauma adult patients without the physician’s control.

Methods
Paramedics underwent voluntarily the simulation training aimed at administering intravenously sufentanil to treat pain in acute trauma in adults without physician’s indication. Subsequently, the adverse events and efficacy were monitored for a six-month period and compared in two groups: administration of sufentanil by paramedics without this competence, who further consulted the administration by telephone with physicians (group Consultation) and those with this competence (group Competence).

Results
A total number of sufentanil administration in group Consultation was 88 and in group Competence 70. There was no respiratory arrest, bradypnea, or need for oxygen therapy reported in any of the study groups. The incidence of nausea was 3% in both groups – Consultation (n = 3) and in Competence (n = 2). Vomiting was not reported in the Consultation group and in 6% in the Competence group (n = 4). Intravenous antiemetic drugs were used in the Consultation group only in 1% (n = 1) and in the Competence group in 7% of patients (n = 5) (p < 0,05). In both groups there was observed a decrease in the pain numeric rating scale (Consultation: M =—3,2; SD = 1,2 points vs. Competence: M =—3,9; SD = 1,8 points).

Conclusion
Intravenous administration of sufentanil by properly trained paramedics without consultation with a physician in acute trauma can be considered safe.