bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First experience of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunting at multidisciplinary hospital with a liver transplantation program
Authors: Shabunin A. V. , Bedin V. V. , Drozdov P. A. , Levina O. N. , Tsurkan V. A. , Zhuravel O. S. 
Published: March 2022

Aim: Analysis of the first experience of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunting (TIPS) in patients with liver cirrhosis at a multidisciplinary hospital with a liver transplantation program.Materials and methods: The authors examined 206 patients with liver cirrhosis from July 2019 to June 2021, with 20 of them undergoing TIPS. The mean age of the patients was 47.59 ± 9.55 years (35–65 years). Dynamic follow-up was performed at 3, 6, 9, 12, and 18 months. As a part of the dynamic follow-up, the patients underwent laboratory tests, abdomen ultrasound examination, and computed tomography imaging enhanced by the intravenous use of contrasting agent, endoscopy, esophagogastroduodenoscopy, and encephalopathy assessment.Results: No in-hospital TIPS-associated mortality has been reported. Two patients died in the hospital at the 19th and 26th day following the surgery because of the progression of liver failure, the 6-week mortality rate was 10%. In one patient (5%), an intraoperative complication was reported, i.e., intra-abdominal hemorrhage secondary to the migration of the stent under the liver capsule. The length of hospital stay after surgery was 7.34 ± 1.89 days (5–26 days). Long-term outcomes were available for 17 patients. The duration of the dynamic follow-up was 13.23 ± 2.47 months (3–24 months) and 2 (11,7%) deaths were reported. One patient (5.8%) was diagnosed with a shunt thrombosis at 12 months after the surgery. Three patients underwent liver transplantation after TIPS. The current one-year survival rate is 90%.Conclusion: TIPS is a safe and effective procedure decreasing mortality and improving quality of life of patients awaiting cadaveric liver transplantation. TIPS should be widely implemented in multidisciplinary hospitals having liver transplant program.
Association between heme oxygenase-1 (HMOX1) gene polymorphism and chronic pancreatitis
Authors: Aliyeva G. R. , Muslumov G. F. , Bayramov B. I. , Zeynalov N. D. , Behbudov V. V. 
Published: March 2022

Aim: To investigate the association of the heme oxygenase-1 (HMOX1) gene polymorphism rs2071746 and chronic pancreatitis in the Azerbaijani population.Methods: From a period of 2014–2019, 70 patients with different types of chronic pancreatitis and 90 apparently healthy volunteers were observed. Of them, 55 subjects were consuming alcohol at least 3–4 times a week, with an average daily dose of >80 g/L, and 35 subjects were not consuming alcohol. The venous blood samples were collected from the control subjects and patients with pancreatitis; DNA was extracted and analyzed by polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism.Results: The A allele in the homozygous form (A/A genotype) was found to be more common in patients with chronic pancreatitis (42.9%) than in the control group (16.6%). Thus, the A allele in the homozygous form (A/A genotype) may be associated with the development of chronic pancreatitis (odd ratio [OR] = 3.75; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.81–7.77; p = 0.000). Furthermore, a statistical correlation between the A allele of the 495 A>T polymorphism (rs2071746) and an increased risk of the disease was observed. (p = 0.02, OR = 1.73; 95% CI 1.09–2.74). The heterozygous form of the A allele (A/T genotype; OR = 0.27; 95% CI = 0.13–0.56) and the T allele of the HMOX1 −495 A>T (rs2071746) polymorphism (OR = 0.53; 95% CI 0.32–0.89) reduced the risk of developing chronic alcoholic pancreatitis (p = 0.000 and p = 0.017, respectively).Conclusion: The identification of genetic association of the various types of chronic pancreatitis will encourage further research on HMOX1, drug development, or the use of hemin in clinical practice.
On the issue of suturing peripheral nerves and dorsal roots of the spinal cord
Authors: Tsypkin Ilya I. 
Published: March 2022

To what extent the regeneration of peripheral nerves after injury is a question resolved in a positive sense, and there is only a dispute about the mechanism of this regenerationthe regeneration of the spinal cord and, in particular, the posterior roots, is still denied by the majority of those who have worked on this issue.
Studying the literature on the question that interests us, we see that the regeneration of the central nervous system in warm-blooded and cold-blooded animals is not the same. So Mller (1864) 102) after the removal of the entire tail in a newt and a lizard, saw a complete regeneration of the spinal cord and intervertebral nodes in the newly formed tail. Masius and Vanlair (according to Stroebe) (1869) saw in frogs the regeneration of fleshy and non-fleshy fibers and even ganglion cells after cutting a piece 2 mm long from the spinal cord. The possibility of regeneration of the spinal cord in reptiles and amphibians is also confirmed by Fraisse (1885) (according to Stroebe).
Impact of the non-biodegradable plastics and role of microbes in biotic degradation
Authors: Biswas Soham , Das Arpita , Paul Joydeep , Bhadra Tuhin , Saha Abinit 
Published: March 2022

Plastic is a group of elastic organic compounds whose definition has radically changed from being a large family of useful polymers to an indispensable part of life. We might say we are residing in the “era of plasticene”. If we simply pause and look around, we would realize that a majority of things in our daily life comprise plastic polymers. Currently, the international production of these polymers has spiked to around 300 million metric tons annually. Surprisingly about 50 percent of the products are discarded within a year of fabrication. Once discarded ‘outside’ they end up ‘somewhere’ and start exerting their disruptive consequences. Despite its enormous utility, it is now being increasingly known that these polymers are surely not without their downsides. Several steps are taken and even more, are being investigated so the mayhem of plastic doesn't prove for a "no pilot in cockpit" situation. Here we have conducted a review work of the available literature on various biological entities that can utilize plastic while at the same time focusing our attempts to assemble information regarding the probable enzymes that do it. We have also provided a report on the effect of different plastics on the ecosystem and the various management alternatives out there.
Proximate Analysis, in vitro Dry Matter Degradability and Palatability Index of Legume Residues and Maize Straws for Ruminants
Authors: Hawu O. , Ravhuhali K.E. , Mokoboki H.K. , Lebopa C.K. , Sipango N. 
Published: March 2022

Background: Legume residues such as leaves from cowpea and lablab plants can be accumulated in large quantities after fruits harvesting. These legumes can be incorporated in ruminants’ diets due to their high feeding value. They are rich in crude protein, vitamins and minerals when compared to grasses that normally deteriorate during dry seasons. This paper is focusing on determining effect of legume residues and maize straws on in vitro dry matter degradability (IVDMD) and palatability indices in ruminants. Methods: For palatability experiment, each of five male boer goats was provided with four feeding troughs carrying four different feeds (maize straws and 3 legumes = Lablab purpureus - lablab and 2 Vigna unguiculata - cowpeas - Dr Saunders and Betswit). The legume residues and maize straws were also analyzed for chemical composition and IVDMD. All data was subjected to a one-way analysis of variance. Result: Dr Saunders (230.7 g/kg DM) had the highest (P less than 0.05) crude protein content when compared to all diets. Lablab (126.3 g/kg DM) had the lowest (P less than 0.05) acid detergent lignin. The highest (P less than 0.05) condensed tannins concentrations (50.1 g/kg DM) was recorded for Betswit. The highest (P less than 0.05) in vitro dry matter degradability was recorded for lablab at 24 up to 72 hrs. Lablab had a higher palatability index (P less than 0.05) when compared to other diets. Intake (r2 = 0.955) and palatability index (r2 = 0.971) were positively and significantly (P less than 0.05) predicted from total phenolics on goats. Though lablab had better values in most parameters measured, all legumes can be highly recommended to supplement low-quality roughages such as maize straws and grasses.
The effect of glide path preparation on the shaping ability of XP-endo® Shaper in simulated canals
Authors: Özlek Esin , Gündüz Hüseyin , Atav Ateş Ayfer 
Published: March 2022

Aims: To compare the shaping efficiency of the XP-endo Shaper with or without glide path preparation with sequenced Scout Race files in J-shaped resin blocksMaterial and Methods: Forty simulated J-shaped root canals were classified into two groups (n=20). While the root canals were shaped with XPS after a glide path was created with Scout Race files in Group 1, the same procedures were done without the glide path preparation in Group 2. The pre-and post-instrumentation images were taken and superimposed. Transportation value (TV), centering ability (CA) and the total amount of resin removed (TRR) was calculated by using the obtained images with Adobe Photoshop CS5 software. These parameters were calculated based on 18 reference points (9 inner/9 outer walls) with 1-mm intervals according to 3 sections (coronal, middle, and apical of the canals). The data were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis and then Dunn's multiple comparison tests (p ≤ 0.05).Results: More resin was removed in Group 2 apical and coronal sections than in Group 1 (p=0.036). In Group 2, a higher transportation value was obtained in apical and middle sections compared to Group 1 (p<0.001). Group 1 showed a higher centering ratio in apical and middle sections than in Group 2 (p<0.001). The centering ability of the instruments was decreased in the curvature part (middle section) of the canals.Conclusions: Within the limits of this study, glide path preparation using Scout Race instruments improved the shaping ability of XPS instrument by leading to less transportation and maintaining centering ability.
Direito e políticas públicas: mapa da área
Authors: Clune William H. 
Published: March 2022

A relação entre direito e políticas públicas é marcada tanto pela complexidade, quanto pela imprecisão semântica envolvendo os dois termos. Em razão da abordagem Direito e Políticas Públicas ser ainda recente, são escassos os trabalhos que apresentam uma estrutura analítica adequada a ela. Buscando preencher essa lacuna, apresenta-se um “mapa da área”, construção analítica proposta para abarcar o conteúdo e a estrutura intelectual que contemple os elementos de divergência e convergência entre direito e políticas públicas, especialmente naquilo que esses saberes possuem em comum. A emergência da ideia de empoderamento como um modelo jurídico para o desenho institucional de políticas públicas nas mais diversas áreas é um desses planos. Aborda-se a justaposição existente entre política pública e direito, considerando as origens das políticas públicas no Estado de bem-estar e sua influência sobre o direito e a conformação das instituições jurídicas. Tomando por base o mercado como modelo de barganha estruturada, examina-se o papel instrumental das instituições jurídicas, para analisar as ferramentas e desafios epistêmicos da abordagem. Destacam-se o conflito entre o formalismo e o consequencialismo jurídicos e a interface entre técnicas analíticas e conceitos aplicáveis.
The Ability of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound, Conventional Ultrasound, and 99mTc-MIBI Scintigraphy for the Detection of Parathyroid Lesion in Patients with Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Alramadhan Maryam , Alsolai A , Eisa Rana , Gareeballah Awadia 
Published: March 2022

The aim of this review was to compare the efficiency of conventional ultrasound (CUS), contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), and 99mTc-MIBI scintigraphy in imaging parathyroid gland lesions in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT).	In this review, we attempted to present a clear view of the most reliable or precise technique for detecting parathyroid gland (PG) pathology in PHPT. Our study relied on secondary data based on the review of the extant literature on PHPT imaging. The research retrieved articles from the scholarly databases Google Scholar, Web of Science, and PUBMED/MEDLINE that examine the efficiency of CUS, CEUS, and 99mTc-MIBI scintigraphy in imaging PGs in PHPT patients. The study retrieved secondary data from past research identified using keyword and medical subject heading terms like "Ultrasound," "Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound," "Sonography in parathyroid," "Primary hyperthyroidism," "Scintigraphy," and "Contrast-enhanced ultrasound in parathyroid disease." This study only relied on original contribution papers presented in English and published between 2011 and 2021.	We found that CEUS has a comparable sensitivity to 99mTc-MIBI scintigraphy so that it can be used in patients who have a contraindication to scintigraphy or in a hospital without nuclear medicine facility. CEUS is able to detect very small size adenomas, whereas the detection using scintigraphy depends on the size of the diseased glands and the cytology.
Reports from the frontline: health workers describe COVID-19 risks and fears in five cities in Brazil
Authors: Kendall Carl , Ellery Ana Ecilda Lima , Carneiro Nivaldo , Santana Rosane Silva , Cruz Luciane Nascimento , Cohen Mírian , Leal Marto , Lima Luana Nepmuceno Gondim Costa , Veras Maria Amélia de Sousa Mascena , Albuquerque Maria de Fátima Pessoa Militão , Lima Karla Valéria Batista , Martelli Celina Maria Turchi , Kerr Ligia Regina Franco Sansigolo 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Health providers are under unprecedented pressures to perform in the COVID-19 health crisis and under unprecedented risks. We initiated a large survey of health professionals in five large metropolitan areas in Brazil to document the needs of health professionals. To initiate that study, we conducted formative research. Methods: We conducted 77 rapid ethnographic assessment interviews on-line in a convenience sample of physicians, nurses, nurse technicians, and physiotherapists in Belem, Fortaleza, Porto Alegre, Recife and São Paulo, Brazil. Results: Responses are organized into three themes: the lack of preparation for the pandemic and effects on staffing and training; the overlap of personal, family, and professional risk and consequences; and inadequately addressed anxiety and suffering among health staff. Conclusions: Our respondents were unprepared for the epidemic, especially the institutional sequelae and psychological cost. These consequences were exacerbated by the ongoing failure of political and health leadership that is undercutting the Brazilian health system.
Phenology Of Grassland Plants Responds To Urbanization
Authors: Christmann Tina , Kowarik Ingo , Bernard-Verdier Maud , Buchholz Sascha , Hiller Anne , Seitz Birgit , Lippe Moritz von der 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Understanding phenological responses of plants to changing temperatures is important because of multiple associated ecological consequences. Cities with their urban heat island can be used as laboratories to study phenological adaptation to climate change. However, previous phenology studies focused on trees and did not disentangle the role of micro-climate and urban structures.We studied reproductive phenology of dry grassland species in response to micro-climate and urbanization in Berlin, Germany. Phenological stages were recorded weekly at the individual plant level for five native grassland species across 30 dry grassland sites along an urbanization and temperature gradient. We estimated 50% onset probabilities for flowering and seed maturation of populations, and analysed variation in onset dates using regression models.Early flowering species significantly advanced flowering phenology with increasing mean air temperature but were little influenced by urbanization. By contrast, late-flowering species showed significant phenological responses to both air temperature and urbanization, possibly because micro-climate was most affected by urbanization in late summer. Surprisingly, not all grassland species showed an advanced phenology with increasing intensity of urbanization.This contradicts observed patterns for urban trees, indicating that phenological shifts in urban areas cannot be generalized from the observation of one growth form or taxonomic group. Growth form appears as a possible determinant of phenological responses. Results suggest that the phenology of dry grassland species may directly respond to the urban heat island, albeit with variable direction and magnitude. This has implications for ecosystem services, shifted allergy seasons, changes of biogeochemical cycles and potential ecological mismatches.
Novel insecticides for the management of shoot fly, Atherigona approximata Malloch (Diptera: Muscidae): An emerging insect pest of wheat in India
Authors: Jambagi Suresh R. , Kambrekar D. N , Mallapur C. P. , Naik V. Rudra 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Shoot flies (Atherigona spp.) are the members of muscidae family which have got economic importance as pest of several crops of Gramineae family mostly cereals and millets. One of the most effective management strategies for controlling shoot fly is the use of novel insecticides either as seed dressers, soil applicators or as foliar treatment. Under the field condition, seed treatment with thiamethoxam 30 FS @ 5 ml/kg seed followed by a spray of cypermethrin 10 EC @ 0.5 ml/l has recorded least shoot fly oviposition (0.84 and 0.94 eggs/plant), dead heart (8.90% and 9.96%), more per cent productive tillers (79.68% and 79.50%), grain yield (32.22 and 31.27 q/ha) and BC ratio (2.05 and 1.99) as compared to the rest of the combinations during the investigation in rabi, 2019-20 and 2020-21, respectively. Under the changing climate where, the minor insect pests attaining major pest status, the present investigation would help the policy makers to reduce the losses caused by shoot fly infestation significantly by using the above combination and can be integrated in future IPM modules.
Extramedullary Hematopoiesis: A Case Report
Authors: Xiong Yu , Sun Hui , Zeng Gan Gan , Liu Jun 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Extramedullary hematopoiesis is a disease of the blood system that can occur anywhere in the body.The liver and spleen are the most common sites. However, mediastinum, mammary gland and central nervous system are rarely reported. We report a case of posterior mediastinal mass found on physical examination.We performed video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery to differentiate neurogenic masses from mediastinal ones and postoperative pathological results were consistent with extramedullary hematopoiesis.Such extramedullary hematopoiesis without chronic anemia is rare and its clinical features have not been reported.
Exceptional Catalytic Activity of Oxygen Evolution Reaction via Two-Dimensional Graphene Multilayer Confined Metal-Organic Frameworks
Authors: Lyu Siliu , Guo Chenxi , Wang Jianing , Li Zhongjian , Yang Bin , Lei Lecheng , Wang Liping , Xiao Jianping , Zhang Tao , Hou Yang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) plays a key role in many renewable energy technologies such as water splitting and metal-air batteries. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are appealing to design efficient OER electrocatalysts, however, their intrinsic poor conductivity strongly hinders the activity. Here, we show a strategy to boost the OER activity of poor-conductive MOFs by confining them between graphene multilayers. The resultant NiFe-MOF/G gives a record-low overpotential of 106 mV to reach 10 mA cm-2 and retains the activity over 150 h, which is in significant contrast to 399 mV of the pristine NiFe-MOF. We use X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and computations to demonstrate that the nanoconfinement from graphene multilayers not only forms highly reactive NiO6-FeO5 distorted octahedral species in MOF structure but also lowers limiting potential for water oxidation reaction. We also demonstrate that the strategy is applicable to other MOFs of different structures to largely enhance their electrocatalytic activities.
An Approach to Determine All Joint Motions of Parallel Robot and Its Software Development
Authors: Wang Liang , Huo Xinming , Wang Panfeng , Qi Yang , Wang Jun , Li Qi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Inverse kinematics for all joint motions of parallel robot is the foundation for stiffness or dynamic analysis, and the prerequisite for motion monitoring during operation in case of collision or damage. The software equipped with a generalized inverse kinematic method is beneficial for the efficient motion solving of different parallel robots, and especially convenient for kinematic control development. Current inverse kinematic methods are either case-by-case studies or not amicable for programming. To tackle these problems, this paper proposes a generalized method to determine all the joint motions of parallel robot based on finite screw theory, including mechanism initialization, kinematic modeling and kinematic variable solving. Two parallel robots are taken as examples to verify the effectiveness and accuracy of the approach. After that, the method is applied for digital programming on the basis of computer technology, and a software is developed for the automatic inverse kinematic analysis. The advantages of this method lie in: the kinematic equation could be formulated in a general and concise manner independence of experience and observation; all the joint variables under given target pose are solved at the same time; it enables easy programming and realizes the automation of inverse kinematic analysis.
Modeling Study of Herringbone Gear Gap Space Borrow and Grinding Wheel Max Diameter Determination
Authors: Zhao Zemin , Zhao Xingfu , Sun Hao , Dong Chao , Wang Chunlei , Wang Shancheng , Zhang Hongyan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In aviation, the machine quality and accuracy of herringbone gear are strictly required, and its realization depends on the grinding process. There is an urgent need for further expansion of grinding wheel diameter. This paper proposed a gear gap space borrow grinding method and determined the analyzing relation between grinding wheel diameter and herringbone gear design parameters. Based on certain assumptions and idealized processing methods, the method of the gear undercut width design and the wheel maximum diameter determination are completed by geometry modeling combining the analytical and simulation method. After solid contact simulation verification, several important phenomena have been discussed, then valuable laws and conclusions have been obtained.
Renewable Energy, Financial Development and Real Per Capita GDP Growth in African Countries1
Authors: Konyeaso Amarachi , Eregha Perekunah Bright , Vo Xuan Vinh 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This study examines the interrelation among renewable energy production, financial development and economic growth in 32 selected African countries for the period of 1996 to 2018. These countries are categorized on the basis of oil rich and non-oil rich as well as income levels. The study employs Pooled Mean Group, Augmented Mean Group and Dynamic OLS and key findings are established. The study reveals a positive and significant renewable energy-economic growth relationship in all the different groups. Financial development is found to improve economic performance in all categories except in non-oil rich African countries. This study thus recommends the restructuring of the energy pricing system, provision of long-term finance, adoption of risk mitigation instruments, improved institutional framework for private participation in renewable energy infrastructural development for growth sustainability in Africa.