bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of the Anisotropy of Chiral Mechanical Metamaterials via Micropolar Modeling
Authors: Li Tiantian , Li Yaning 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The anisotropic elastic mechanical properties of a family of single material chiral mechanical metamaterials are explored systematically. An integrated monoclinic-micropolar constitutive model is developed to quantify the anisotropic mechanical properties of the chiral designs with different geometries. The model predictions are thoroughly verified by mechanical experiments on three-dimensional (3D) printed specimens and finite element simulations with periodic boundary conditions. The new integrated monoclinic-micropolar model can predict the anisotropic elastic properties in all directions. Normalized model parameters for this family of chiral designs are provided. Finally, the anisotropic effective stiffness and effective Poisson’s ratio of all geometric designs in this family are quantified. The anisotropy and the completeness of auxeticity are evaluated systematically.
Diagnostic test accuracy of dipstick urinalysis for diagnosing urinary tract infection in febrile infants attending the emergency department
Authors: Waterfield Thomas , Foster Steven , Platt Rebecca , Barrett Michael J , Durnin Sheena , Maney Julie-Ann , Roland Damian , McFetridge Lisa , Mitchell Hannah , Umana Etimbuk , Lyttle Mark D 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveTo report the diagnostic test accuracy of dipstick urinalysis for the detection of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in febrile infants aged 90 days or less attending the emergency department (ED).DesignRetrospective cohort study.PatientsFebrile infants aged 90 days or less attending between 31 August 2018 and 1 September 2019.Main outcome measuresThe sensitivity, specificity and predictive values of dipstick urinalysis in detecting UTIs defined as growth of ≥100 000 cfu/mL of a single organism and the presence of pyuria (>5 white blood cells per high-power field).SettingEight paediatric EDs in the UK/Ireland.ResultsA total of 275 were included in the final analysis. There were 252 (92%) clean-catch urine samples and 23 (8%) were transurethral bladder catheter samples. The median age was 51 days (IQR 35–68.5, range 1–90), and there were 151/275 male participants (54.9%). In total, 38 (13.8%) participants had a confirmed UTI. The most sensitive individual dipstick test for UTI was the presence of leucocytes. Including ‘trace’ as positive resulted in a sensitivity of 0.87 (95% CI 0.69 to 0.94) and a specificity of 0.73 (95% CI 0.67 to 0.79). The most specific individual dipstick test for UTI was the presence of nitrites. Including trace as positive resulted in a specificity of 0.91 (95% CI 0.86 to 0.94) and a sensitivity of 0.42 (95% CI 0.26 to 0.59).ConclusionPoint-of-care urinalysis is moderately sensitive and highly specific for diagnosing UTI in febrile infants. The optimum cut-point to for excluding UTI was leucocytes (1+), and the optimum cut-point for confirming UTI was nitrites (trace).Trial registration numberNCT04196192.
Non-invasive intracranial pressure estimation using ultrasonographic measurement of area of optic nerve subarachnoid space
Authors: Zhang Yue , Cao Kai , Pang Ruiqi , Wang Ning , Qu Xin , Kang Jun , Wang Ningli , Liu Hanruo 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveTo verify whether the area of the ONSAS (ONSASA) obtained by transorbital ultrasonography can be used to accurately evaluate the intracranial pressure (ICP).MethodsThe recorded indexes included the optic nerve diameter, the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD), the width of both sides of the ONSAS (ONSASW) at 3 mm from the optic nerve head and the entire ONSASA outlined between 3 and 7 mm. After exploring and comparing five models to describe the relationship between body mass index (BMI), mean arterial blood pressure (MABP), ONSASA and ICP, the best model was determined.ResultsIn all, 90 patients with neurological diseases undergoing continuous invasive ICP monitoring were included in the study. In the training group, the correlation coefficient for the association between the ICP and ONSASA (Pearson’s correlation r=0.953) was higher than that for the association of the ICP with the ONSD (r=0.672; p<0.0001) and ONSASW at 3 mm behind the globe (r=0.691; p<0.0001). In the training group, the weighting function for prediction of the ICP was as follows: non-invasive ICP=2.050×ONSASA−0.051×BMI +0.036*MABP−5.837. With 20 mm Hg as the cut-off point for a high or low ICP, the sensitivity and specificity of ONSASA predicting ICP was 1.00 and 0.92. Receiver operator curve analysis revealed that the calculated cut-off value for predicting elevated ICP was 19.96 (area under curve= 0.960, 95% CI 0.865 to 1.00).ConclusionMeasurement of the ONSASA using ultrasonography can serve as a practical method for rapid and non-invasive quantification for evaluating ICP through an accurate mathematical formula with the BMI and MABP considered as contributing parameters.Trial registration numberThe study was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (Study no ChiCTR2100045274).
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome presenting with thrombotic microangiopathy triggered by malignant hypertension: a case report and literature review
Authors: Onomura Hitomi , Shimizu Takahiro , Suzuki Junichiro , Nakai Noriyoshi , Teramachi Yuri , Tomonori Kato , Akiguchi Ichiro , Ito Yasuhiro 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundPosterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a disease characterised by reversible subcortical vasogenic oedema, neurological symptoms and abnormal findings on head imaging. It is recognised as one of the most prominent organ disorders in hypertensive emergencies but is rarely associated with thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA).Case presentationA woman in her 40s with untreated hypertension had occasional headaches in the past 4 months. The headaches worsened during the 3 weeks prior to admission. On the day of admission, the patient presented with severe headache accompanied by frequent vomiting. MRI of the head revealed oedematous changes in the brainstem, including the subcortical, cerebellum and pons. Fundus examination revealed hypertensive retinopathy with papilloedema. Blood tests indicated thrombocytopenia, renal dysfunction and haemolytic anaemia, and a blood smear confirmed fragmented erythrocytes. Coombs’ test, and tests for ADAMTS13 activity and infectious and autoimmune diseases were negative. The patient was diagnosed with PRES, secondary to malignant hypertension (MH) and associated with TMA. Antihypertensive therapy promptly improved the clinical symptoms, blood pressure, and the abnormal MRI and blood test findings. The patient was discharged from the hospital 20 days after admission.ConclusionsWe report a rare case of PRES that was associated with TMA and triggered by MH. Antihypertensive therapy was effective in alleviating the associated adverse clinical symptoms. Differentiation of underlying diseases is essential for early intervention, since treatment depends on factors causing TMA.
Protocol for a controlled before-after quasi-experimental study to evaluate the effectiveness of a multi-component intervention to reduce gaps in hypertension care and control in low-income communes of Medellin, Colombia
Authors: Londoño Agudelo Esteban Augusto , Battaglioli Tullia , Soto Alonso , Vásquez Gómez José , Aguilar Ramírez Hernán , Pérez Ospina Viviana , Rodríguez Salvá Armando , Ortiz Solórzano Patricia , Pérez Dennis , Gómez-Arias Rubén , Van Der Stuyft Patrick 
Published: August 2022

IntroductionResearch on public health interventions to improve hypertension care and control in low-income and middle-income countries remains scarce. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and assess the process and fidelity of implementation of a multi-component intervention to reduce the gaps in hypertension care and control at a population level in low-income communes of Medellin, Colombia.Methods and analysisA multi-component intervention was designed based on international guidelines, cross-sectional population survey results and consultation with the community and institutional stakeholders. Three main intervention components integrate activities related to (1) health services redesign, (2) clinical staff training and (3) patient and community engagement. The effectiveness of the intervention will be evaluated in a controlled before-after quasi-experimental study, with two deprived communes of the city selected as intervention and control arms. We will conduct a baseline and an endline survey 2 years after the start of the intervention. The primary outcomes will be the gaps in hypertension diagnosis, treatment, follow-up and control. Effectiveness will be evaluated with the difference-in-difference measures. Generalised estimation equation models will be fitted considering the clustered nature of data and adjusting for potential confounding variables. The implementation process will be studied with mixed methods. Implementation fidelity will be documented to assess to which degree the intervention components were implemented as intended.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol has been approved by the Ethics Research Committee of Metrosalud in Colombia (reference 1400/5.2), the Medical Ethics Committee of the Antwerp University Hospital (reference 18/40/424) and the Institutional Review Board of the Antwerp Institute of Tropical Medicine (reference 1294/19). We will share and discuss the study results with the community, institutional stakeholders and national health policymakers. We will publish them in national and international peer-reviewed scientific journals.Trial registration numberNCT05011838.
Cohort profile: the British Columbia COVID-19 Population Mixing Patterns Survey (BC-Mix)
Authors: Adu Prince A , Binka Mawuena , Mahmood Bushra , Jeong Dahn , Buller-Taylor Terri , Damascene Makuza Jean , Iyaniwura Sarafa , Ringa Notice , Velásquez García Héctor A , Wong Stanley , Yu Amanda , Bartlett Sofia , Wilton James , Irvine Mike A , Otterstatter Michael , Janjua Naveed Zafar 
Published: August 2022

PurposeSeveral non-pharmaceutical interventions, such as physical distancing, handwashing, self-isolation, and school and business closures, were implemented in British Columbia (BC) following the first laboratory-confirmed case of COVID-19 on 26 January 2020, to minimise in-person contacts that could spread infections. The BC COVID-19 Population Mixing Patterns Survey (BC-Mix) was established as a surveillance system to measure behaviour and contact patterns in BC over time to inform the timing of the easing/re-imposition of control measures. In this paper, we describe the BC-Mix survey design and the demographic characteristics of respondents.ParticipantsThe ongoing repeated online survey was launched in September 2020. Participants are mainly recruited through social media platforms (including Instagram, Facebook, YouTube, WhatsApp). A follow-up survey is sent to participants 2–4 weeks after completing the baseline survey. Survey responses are weighted to BC’s population by age, sex, geography and ethnicity to obtain generalisable estimates. Additional indices such as the Material and Social Deprivation Index, residential instability, economic dependency, and others are generated using census and location data.Findings to dateAs of 26 July 2021, over 61 000 baseline survey responses were received of which 41 375 were eligible for analysis. Of the eligible participants, about 60% consented to follow-up and about 27% provided their personal health numbers for linkage with healthcare databases. Approximately 83.5% of respondents were female, 58.7% were 55 years or older, 87.5% identified as white and 45.9% had at least a university degree. After weighting, approximately 50% were female, 39% were 55 years or older, 65% identified as white and 50% had at least a university degree.Future plansMultiple papers describing contact patterns, physical distancing measures, regular handwashing and facemask wearing, modelling looking at impact of physical distancing measures and vaccine acceptance, hesitancy and uptake are either in progress or have been published.
Usability and feasibility assessment of a smartphone application (Suhriday) for heart failure self-care remote monitoring in an Indian tertiary health care setting: a pilot mixed-methods study
Authors: Bylappa Bhuvana Kolar , Kamath Deepak Y , Josephine Immaculate Sheela , Shaikh Jabraan , Kamath Anant , Rioniz Preethi , Kulkarni Shruthi , Varghese Kiron , Xavier Denis 
Published: August 2022

Background/objectivesRemote monitoring as a component of chronic heart failure (CHF) management programmes has demonstrated utility in reducing the risk of rehospitalisation and mortality. There is little evidence on mobile health app facilitated remote monitoring in India. We conducted a pilot usability and feasibility assessment of a smartphone-based application (Suhriday) to remotely monitor patients with CHF.MethodsWe used a mixed-methods design. Usability testing consisted of the think-aloud approach followed by semistructured in-depth interviews (SSIs) and a satisfaction questionnaire. Feasibility testing was done using acceptability and user satisfaction questionnaires in addition to SSIs. We trained five purposively sampled patients with CHF (based on health literacy and gender) and their caregivers (n=10) in self-care monitoring and app use. Usability was assessed using metrics such as task completion, time required for task completion and user satisfaction using Brooke’s System Usability Scale (SUS). Content analysis of the transcripts with deductive coding was performed for both usability and feasibility interviews. The number and types of medical alerts transmitted through the app were captured and escalated to the treating team.ResultsCritical tasks involving (1) opening the app and identifying task list, (2) reporting blood pressure, weight, heart rate and fluid intake and (3) reporting symptoms were completed within 60 s by four patients. Median (IQR) SUS score was 85 (75–92.5) indicating high level of usability. There were 62 alerts from four patients over 4 weeks, with 36 (58.1%) excess fluid intake alerts and 16 (25.8%) blood pressure variations being the most frequent. One participant had challenges using the app and was monitored through active phone calls.ConclusionOverall usability and satisfaction with Suhriday were good and we were able to remotely manage patients. However, patients with limited health literacy and those facing technological challenges required active structured telephone support.
Impact of Helicobacter pylori eradication timing on the risk of thromboembolism events in patients with peptic ulcer disease: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Lai Jung-Nien , Liao Yi-Jun , Lin Cheng-Li , Chang Chi-Sen , Peng Yen-Chun 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesTo evaluate the impact of Helicobacter pylori eradication on venous thromboembolism (VTE) events, and the differences between early and late treatment timing.DesignA population-based cohort study.SettingTaiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database.ParticipantsA total of 6736 patients who received H. pylori eradication therapy from 2000 to 2010 were identified. We randomly selected 26 944 subjects matching in gender, age and baseline year as comparison cohort.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe incidence rate ratios of VTE in the H. pylori eradication cohorts to that of the control cohort were examined. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used to estimate the relative HRs and 95% CI of VTE development.ResultsThe total incidence rate of VTE was observed in the late H. pylori eradication cohort, the early H. pylori eradication cohort and the control cohort (15.2, 3.04 and 2.91 per 1000 person-years, respectively). An age-specific trend was found in the late H. pylori eradication cohort, with a greater rate of VTE in the 50–65 years and more than 65 years age groups (adjusted HR 5.44; 95% CI 4.21 to 7.03 and 3.13; 95% CI 2.46 to 3.99). With comorbidities, the late H. pylori eradication cohort seemed to have the highest VTE incidence rate and adjusted HR (4.48, 95% CI 3.78 to 5.30).ConclusionsLate H. pylori eradication was associated with a significantly increased risk of VTE, and there was a significantly greater risk of VTE in patients with female gender, age more than 50 years and with comorbidities.
Facilitators and barriers to using virtual reality and augmented reality and its impact on social engagement in aged care settings: a scoping review protocol
Authors: To-Miles Flora , Mann Jim , Hung Lillian 
Published: August 2022

IntroductionIncreasingly more studies are being conducted on the use of virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) in aged care settings. These technologies can decrease experiences of loneliness which is especially important during the COVID-19 pandemic. With the growing interest in using VR/AR in care settings among older adults, a comprehensive review of studies examining the facilitators and barriers of adopting VR/AR in these settings is needed. This scoping review will focus on facilitators and barriers related to VR/AR in care settings among older adults, as well as the impact on social engagement and/or loneliness.Methods and analysisWe will follow the Joanna Briggs Institute scoping review methodology. We will search the following databases: CINHAL, Embase, Medline, PsycINFO, Scopus and Web of Science. Additional articles will be handpicked from reference lists of included articles. Inclusion criteria includes articles that focus on older adults using VR or AR in aged care settings. Our team (which includes patient and family partners, an academic nurse researcher, a clinical lead and trainees) will be involved in the search, review and analysis process.Ethics and disseminationWe will be collecting data from publicly available articles for this scoping review, so ethics approval is not required. By providing a comprehensive overview of the current evidence on the strategies, facilitators, and barriers of using VR/AR in aged care settings, findings will offer insights and recommendations for future research and practice to better implement VR/AR. The results of this scoping review will be shared through conference presentations and an open-access publication in a peer-reviewed journal.
Changes in life satisfaction, depression, general health and sleep quality of Spanish older women during COVID-19 lockdown and their relationship with lifestyle: an observational follow-up study
Authors: Marcos-Pardo Pablo Jorge , Abelleira-Lamela Tomás , Vaquero-Cristobal Raquel , González-Gálvez Noelia 
Published: August 2022

ObjetivesTo analyse the effects of COVID-19 lockdown on mental well-being variables of older women, and to determine the influence of lifestyle and age on such effects. The hypothesis of the study was that all parameters related to mental well-being would worsen in older women during the COVID-19 lockdown.DesignObservational follow-up study. Pre lockdown measurements were taken before the lockdown. Post lockdown measurements were taken as soon as began the de-escalation.SettingSenior centres in the Region of Murcia (Spain).ParticipantsThe sample was composed of 40 older women volunteers, over 54 years of age (mean age=62.35±8.15 years).Primary and secondary outcome measuresPre lockdown and post lockdown evaluations were carried out face to face. The following questionnaires were completed: Satisfaction with Life Scale, The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, The Short Form 36 Health Survey, The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire and Prevention with Mediterranean Diet.ResultsPost lockdown, a worsening was found in the variables of life satisfaction (p=0.001); depression (p<0.001), quality of life in physical role (p=0.006), pain (p=0.004), emotional role (p<0.001) and mental health (p<0.001); and sleep quality (p=0.018), sleep latency (p=0.004), sleep disturbances (p=0.002) and global sleep quality score (p=0.002). It was found how age influenced the variables of pain (p=0.003) and social role (p=0.047), as well as the influence of a healthy lifestyle on the variables analysed (F=6.214; p=0.017). Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was shown to be a protective factor against increased depression (p=0.03). Spending time sitting was shown to be a risk factor for physical role health (p=0.002), as was advanced age on health due to worsening pain (p=0.005), or an unhealthy lifestyle on increased consumption of sleeping aids (p=0.017).ConclusionThe lockdown had a great negative impact on Spanish older women on mental well-being variables.Trial registration numberNCT04958499.
Development of prediction models for complications after primary total hip and knee arthroplasty: a single-centre retrospective cohort study in the Netherlands
Authors: Sweerts Lieke , Hoogeboom Thomas J , van Wessel Thierry , van der Wees Philip J , van de Groes Sebastiaan A W 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to develop prediction models for patients with total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) to predict the risk for surgical complications based on personal factors, comorbidities and medication use.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingTertiary care in outpatient clinic of university medical centre.Participants3776 patients with a primary THA or TKA between 2004 and 2018.Primary and secondary outcome measuresMultivariable logistic regression models were developed for primary outcome surgical site infection (SSI), and secondary outcomes venous thromboembolism (VTE), postoperative bleeding (POB), luxation, delirium and nerve damage (NER).ResultsFor SSI, age, smoking status, body mass index, presence of immunological disorder, diabetes mellitus, liver disease and use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were included. An area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 71.9% (95% CI=69.4% to 74.4%) was found. For this model, liver disease showed to be the strongest predictor with an OR of 10.7 (95% CI=2.4 to 46.6). The models for POB and NER showed AUCs of 73.0% (95% CI=70.7% to 75.4%) and 76.6% (95% CI=73.2% to 80.0%), respectively. For delirium an AUC of 85.9% (95% CI=83.8% to 87.9%) was found, and for the predictive algorithms for luxation and VTE we found least favourable results (AUC=58.4% (95% CI=55.0% to 61.8%) and AUC=66.3% (95% CI=62.7% to 69.9%)).ConclusionsDiscriminative ability was reasonable for SSI and predicted probabilities ranged from 0.01% to 51.0%. We expect this to enhance shared decision-making in considering THA or TKA since current counselling is predicated on population-based probability of risk, rather than using personalised prediction. We consider our models for SSI, delirium and NER appropriate for clinical use when taking underestimation and overestimation of predicted risk into account. For VTE and POB, caution concerning overestimation exceeding a predicted probability of 0.08 for VTE and 0.05 for POB should be taken into account. Furthermore, future studies should evaluate clinical impact and whether the models are feasible in an external population.