bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors for the recurrence of relapsing polychondritis
Authors: Yoshida Tsuneyasu , Yoshifuji Hajime , Shirakashi Mirei , Nakakura Akiyoshi , Murakami Kosaku , Kitagori Koji , Akizuki Shuji , Nakashima Ran , Ohmura Koichiro , Morinobu Akio 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Although the survival rates of patients with relapsing polychondritis (RP) have increased remarkably, the high recurrence rate remains a significant concern for physicians and patients. This retrospective study aimed to investigate the risk factors for RP recurrence.

Methods
Patients with RP who presented to Kyoto University Hospital from January 2000 to March 2020 and fulfilled Damiani’s classification criteria were included. Patients were classified into recurrence and non-recurrence groups. Risk factors for RP recurrence were analysed using a Cox proportional hazards model, and Kaplan–Meier survival curves were drawn.

Results
Thirty-four patients were included. Twenty-five patients (74%) experienced 64 recurrences (mean: 2.56 recurrences per patient). The median duration before the first recurrence was 202 [55−382] days. The median prednisolone dose at the initial recurrence was 10 [5−12.75] mg/day. Tracheal involvement was significantly more frequent in the recurrence group at the initial presentation (44.0% vs. 0.0%, p=0.0172) than in the non-recurrence group, and pre-treatment C-reactive protein levels were significantly higher in the recurrence group than in the non-recurrence group (4.7 vs 1.15 mg/dL, p=0.0024). The Cox proportional hazards model analysis revealed that tracheal involvement (hazard ratio [HR] 4.266 [1.535−13.838], p=0.0048), pre-treatment C-reactive protein level (HR 1.166 [1.040−1.308], p=0.0085), and initial prednisolone monotherapy (HR 4.443 [1.515−16.267], p=0.0056) may be associated with recurrence. The median time before the initial recurrence was significantly longer in patients who received combination therapy with prednisolone and immunosuppressants or biologics (400 vs. 70 days, p=0.0015).

Conclusions
Tracheal involvement, pre-treatment C-reactive protein level, and initial prednisolone monotherapy were risk factors for recurrence in patients with RP. Initial combination therapy with prednisolone and immunosuppressants may delay recurrence.
The effect of lead exposure on IQ test scores in children under 12 years: a systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control studies
Authors: Heidari Serve , Mostafaei Shayan , Razazian Nazanin , Rajati Mojgan , Saeedi Anahita , Rajati Fatemeh 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAn inevitable exposure to the toxic heavy metal such as lead in our environmental can have irreversible effects on children’s mental performance.In this study, 3316 children in 8 case-control studies were selected for review. The case group was exposed to a concentration of lead above 10 μg/dL, and the control group was exposed to a concentration of less than 10 μg/dL, but the duration of exposure was different among studies, and the subgroup analysis was performed based on this variable.In the subgroup with duration of exposure less than the average of 4.5 years, the difference of IQ test score between two groups was significant (MD = −3.53) (P-value <0.05). Also, in the subgroup with more than 4.5 years of duration, the difference of IQ test score was significant (MD = −22.63) (P-value < 0.001).This study demonstrates that the concentration and duration of lead exposure have a large effect on mental function in children.
Evaluation of Electromagnetic Pulse Shielding Performance of Carbon Fiber-Mixed Cement Paste
Authors: Min Tae-Beom , Cho Hyeong-Kyu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study investigated the physical properties and electromagnetic pulse (EMP) shielding performance of cement paste containing small-diameter carbon fibers to develop an EMP-shielding cement. Small-diameter carbon fibers were used as a cement admixture because the powders were approximately 100 μm in length and were visually powder-shaped. As a result of the experiment, it was indicated that ordinary Portland cement do not have shielding performance. However, cement paste with 5% carbon fibers showed effectiveness in compressive strength and EMP shielding. However, the shielding performance did not increase when the cement contained more than 5% carbon fibers. Furthermore, a review of the EMP shielding performance relative to the thickness of the specimen showed that the plain cement without small-diameter carbon fibers did not increase the shielding performance with an increase in thickness, but the shielding performance of the specimens with small-diameter carbon fibers increased with an increase in thickness. Therefore, it was more effective to increase the thickness of the cement containing 5% carbon fibers rather than increasing the carbon fiber content.
Prevalence of malnutrition and associated factors among older adults from urban and rural residences of Metu district, Southwest Ethiopia
Authors: Ferede Yohannes Mulu , Derso Terefe , Sisay Mekonnen 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
In Ethiopia, the proportion of older adults is steadily increasing. This rapidly growing older adult population may increase the burden of malnutrition. However, malnutrition among older adults, particularly those living in rural areas, is regularly underrecognized and/or ignored. There have been no studies among older adults in the Metu district that have used the Min nutritional assessment (MNA). As a result, the purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of malnutrition and its associated factors among older adults in Metu district, Southwest Ethiopia.

Methods
A community-based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted from May to June 2021 in Metu district. A multi-stage stratified sampling technique was employed. The nutritional status of the older adults was measured by MNA. Data from 616 older adults (308 from urban and 308 from rural residences) was collected through face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were done to identify factors associated with malnutrition.

Results
According to this study, the overall prevalence of malnutrition in Metu district was 17.5% (95% CI: 14.4%–20.7%). The prevalence of malnutrition in urban and rural residences was 9.9% and 25.2%, respectively. In the overall study, insomnia (AOR: 2.0, 95%CI: 1.1–3.7), residence (AOR: 3.47, 95%CI: 1.8–6.5), and smoking (AOR: 3.7, 95%CI: 2.1–6.7) were associated with malnutrition. In urban residences, depression (AOR: 3.4, 95%CI: 1.2–9.5), dietary diversity score (DDS) (AOR: 3.5, 95%CI: 1.2–10.0), and eating problems (AOR: 2.8, 95%CI: 1.1–7.3) were associated with malnutrition. In rural residence, age (AOR:3.8; 95%CI: 1.2–11), sex (AOR:2.2,95%CI:1.0–4.8), DDS (AOR:5.4,95%CI:2.2–13.3), depression (AOR: 4.6,95%CI:2.2–9.2), and chronic disease (AOR: 3.8 95%CI: 1.8–8.2) were associated with malnutrition.

Conclusions and recommendations
Malnutrition was more prevalent among older adults living in rural areas than in urban areas. In the overall study, insomnia, residence, and smoking were significantly associated with malnutrition. DDS, depression, and eating difficulties were significantly associated with malnutrition among older adults living in urban areas, whereas sex, age, depression, chronic disease, and dietary diversity were factors influencing malnutrition in rural areas. Strengthening strategies aimed at addressing nutrition policy, as well as paying attention to the nutritional needs of the older adult population, can help to improve the health and quality of life of older adults.
The mixed phylogenetic origin of northern pike (Esox lucius Linnaeus 1758) populations in the Middle Danubian drainage
Authors: Takács Péter , Bánó Bálint , Czeglédi István , Erős Tibor , Ferincz Árpád , Gál Blanka , Bánó-Kern Bernadett , Kovács Balázs , Nagy András Attila , Nyeste Krisztián , Lente Vera , Preiszner Bálint , Sipos Sándor , Staszny Ádám , Vitál Zoltán , Weiperth András , Csoma Eszter 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundPikes, members of genusEsox, are widespread freshwater predators of the northern hemisphere, and important sport fish also. From the Carpathian basin only one species, the northern pike (E. lucius) is noted. At the same time the pike stocks living in this area show high level of phenotypic variance (e.g. various body pattern) and its growth varies highly both among and within populations. These features usually explained by the environmental diversity of the area. Whereas we think that genetic reasons -e.g. the appearance of other/new pike species in the area- may also be responsible for these observed features. Since as no detailed information have been published from the pike populations of this area, so far; we conducted phylogenetic and morphological assay on 88 pike specimens, collected from 49 Middle Danubian sampling sites.ResultsOur phylogenetic surveys showed that the northern pike appear in the study area solely, but all the three of its major lineages (Northern, Circumpolar, Southern) were indicated. Only six specimens represent the Northern lineage, collected from the western part of the study area. The Circumpolar and Southern lineages were common in the Carpathian basin, but the Southern lineage showed higher levels of haplotype diversity than the Circumpolar clade. Which indicates that only the Southern lineage is native in the area, while the other two groups could have appeared in the Middle Danubian system either spontaneously or by human introduction. Moreover, the different clades appeared in the same populations, suggesting the opportunity of inter-lineage hybridisation. From the studied morphologicalal features, the number of scales on the lateral line and the head length showed significant differences among the lineages. At the same time the body pattern of the studied individuals seems to be rather influenced by the ontogenic changes than phylogeny.ConclusionsThe high phenotypic variability of Middle Danubian northern pike populations may be due that all of its three major clades appeared and came in secondary contact in the area. In the within watershed spread of the non-native lineages the human stocking/transfer may play a considerable role.
Traumatic asphyxia in the young: report of two cases and literature review
Authors: Taha Abdulsalam Y. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Traumatic asphyxia, also called masque ecchymotique, Ollivier’s syndrome, and Perthes syndrome, is a rare but serious form of chest trauma described for the first time by Ollivier in 1837. The purpose of this study is to report our experience with two cases of traumatic asphyxia and discuss their management in view of the relevant literature.

Results
During a 6-year period, the author treated 2 cases of traumatic (crush) asphyxia in a local teaching hospital. The two patients were males, aged 20 and 30 years and were crushed beneath their vehicles. The presenting symptoms and signs were irritability, dyspnea, cervicofacial cyanosis, petechiae, and sub-conjunctival hemorrhages. The second patient suffered multiple rib fractures, hemopneumothorax, pulmonary contusion, vertebral fracture, and paraplegia. Negative surgical exploration for suspected cardiac tamponade was performed in the first case, while the second was managed conservatively.
The first patient survived whereas the second succumbed because of the associated injuries.

Conclusions
Due to its widespread lesions, traumatic asphyxia should be looked upon as a systemic syndrome. Timely accurate diagnosis and supportive treatment save the majority of patients with traumatic asphyxia. In this rare syndrome, death may result from asphyxia secondary to thoracic compression or from the associated injuries.
Efficacy of indigenous Trichoderma isolates of West Timor, Indonesia, as biocontrol agents of brown spot (Drechslera oryzae) on two upland rice varieties
Authors: Mau Yosep Seran , Prayetno Rikardus Suhendra , Kaka Habil , Naat Kiki Delfiyanti , Henuk Julinda Bendalina Dengga , Hahuly Mayavira Veronica , Widinugraheni Sri , Gandut Yosefina Rovina Yuliaty 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundBrown spot disease is one of the most destructive foliar diseases of rice. Biological control of this disease is considered more environmentally safe, but the biological control agents have limited availability. The fungusTrichodermacan be used as a biocontrol agent for various plant diseases, including brown spots. IndigenousTrichodermaspecies from West Timor were evaluated in this study to reveal their effectiveness in reducing brown spot disease of upland rice. The study was conducted under a screen house condition using a factorial treatment design laid out in a completely randomized design. The two factors were the brown spot disease control method (T. viride, T. harzianum, T. hamatum, fungicide Trivia 73 WP, and a control treatment) and upland rice genotype (Inpago 7 and Breun Senaren 2).ResultsThe results showed thatTrichodermaspp. and the fungicide Trivia 73 WP caused significantly lower AUDPC and apparent infection rate than the control treatment. The total phenol content and agronomic characters (number of reproductive tillers per plant, number of filled grains per panicle, grain yield per plant) were higher in theTrichodermaand fungicide treatments than the control treatment. Meanwhile, tannin and saponin levels were non-significantly different among treatments.Trichodermaand the fungicide Trivia treatments effectively suppressed brown spot disease of upland rice, and the efficacy was dependent on the rice variety, with a mean efficacy range over the two varieties of 27.05–36.42%. TheTrichodermaand the fungicide Trivia treatments increased the grain yield per plant differentially in the 2 rice varieties, with a mean grain yield increase over the 2 varieties of 13.0% (T. viride), 23.5% (T. harzianum), 35.0% (T. hamatum), and 19.9%(Trivia 73 WP).ConclusionEfficacy of localTrichodermaof West Timor and the fungicide Trivia treatments were varietal dependent withT. hamatumbeing the most effective in reducing the brown spot disease and producing the highest grain yield increase over the 2 rice varieties. The localTrichodermaspecies of West Timor have a future potential as biocontrol agents of upland rice brown spot disease, but it is necessary to further evaluate their effectiveness against the disease in replicated field trials.
The prognostic role of PD-1, PD-L1, ALK, and ROS1 proteins expression in non-small cell lung carcinoma patients from Egypt
Authors: Bahnassy Abeer A. , Ismail Hoda , Mohanad Marwa , El-Bastawisy Ahmed , Yousef Hend F. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1), anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), and c-ros oncogene1 (ROS1) expression may influence the prognosis of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). We aimed to investigate the prognostic and predictive significance of PD-1/PD-L1 along with c-ros ROS1 and ALK in NSCLC patients.

Methods
Immunohistochemistry used to identify ALK, ROS1, PD-1, and PD-L1 proteins expression as well as ROS1 rearrangement via fluorescence in situ hybridization, in 70 NSCLC patients. Results were related to clinicopathological feature, survival, and treatment response.

Results
Expression of ROS1, ALK, PD-1, and PD-L1 and ROS1-rearrangement were detected in 18.57%, 54.29%, 84.29%, 87.14%, and 15.71% of the cases, respectively. No association was found between ROS1, PD-1, and PD-L1 and any clinicopathological features, survival, or treatment outcome. ALK expression significantly associated with stage-IV and left-sided tumors. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation and ALK-positive patients had significantly reduced progression-free survival than patients with wild type EGFR [HR: 1.99, 95% CI: 1.37–2.93, p < 0.001] and negative-ALK expression [HR: 1.46, 95% CI: 1.03–2.07, p = 0.03]. In multivariate analysis, lymph node metastasis, EGFR-mutations, and ALK were independent predictors of NSCLC. PD-L1 expression was significantly correlated with PD-1 but not with ROS1, ALK, or EGFR-mutation.

Conclusion
Positive ALK expression and EGFR-mutations are independent adverse predictors of NSCLC. Overexpression of PD-1/PD-L1 is not a significant prognostic marker in NSCLC patients receiving chemotherapy, making them susceptible to immunotherapy. Since PD-1/PD-L1 expression is independent to oncogenic driver mutations, future studies into specific immune checkpoint inhibitors combined with targeted therapies for individualized treatment of NSCLC is warranted.
Positive ALK expression and EGFR mutations are independent risk factors for NSCLC. Overexpression of PD-1/PD-L1 is not a significant prognostic factor in patients with NSCLC who are receiving chemotherapy, making them immunotherapy susceptible. Given that PD-1/PD-L1 expression is not dependent on oncogenic driver mutations, additional research into specific immune checkpoint inhibitors in combination with targeted therapies for the treatment of NSCLC on an individual basis is warranted.
New incidence or recurrence hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in genotype 4 hepatitis C virus treated with sofosbuvir/daclatasvir with or without ribavirin
Authors: Essawy Aya , Mehrez Mai , Shaheen Sara M. , El Garem Hassan , Sabri Nagwa A. 
Published: May 2022

Background: Several studies have resulted in controversial data about the recurrence or new incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with hepatitis C who were treated with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs). Aim: This observational study aimed to assess the occurrence rate of HCC in patients who developed a sustained virological response (SVR).. METHOD: A six-month prospective study was done at the National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute [NHTMRI] in Cairo, Egypt on 150 chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients treated with sofosbuvir and daclatasvir with or without ribavirin. Patients were assigned into two groups according to their laboratory values to either receive sofosbuvir/daclatasvir and ribavirin (S/D/R) or receive only sofosbuvir/daclatasvir (S/D). The main outcome measure was the occurrence of HCC. Results: SVR-12 was 100%. 8.5% of patients developed HCC in the S/D/R group, while 0% in the S/D group. Conclusion: New incidence or recurrence of HCC may occur in CHC genotype 4 cirrhotic patients receiving sofosbuvir/daclatasvir and ribavirin (difficult to treat) although achieving SVR. The cause of HCC development in this study is cirrhosis, not the administered DAAs.
Evaluation of electrocardiogram: numerical vs. image data for emotion recognition system
Authors: Sayed Ismail Sharifah Noor Masidayu , Ab. Aziz Nor Azlina , Ibrahim Siti Zainab , Nawawi Sophan Wahyudi , Alelyani Salem , Mohana Mohamed , Chia Chun Lee 
Published: May 2022

Background: The electrocardiogram (ECG) is a physiological signal used to diagnose and monitor cardiovascular disease, usually using 2- D ECG. Numerous studies have proven that ECG can be used to detect human emotions using 1-D ECG; however, ECG is typically captured as 2-D images rather than as 1-D data. There is still no consensus on the effect of the ECG input format on the accuracy of the emotion recognition system (ERS). The ERS using 2-D ECG is still inadequately studied. Therefore, this study compared ERS performance using 1-D and 2-D ECG data to investigate the effect of the ECG input format on the ERS. Methods: This study employed the DREAMER dataset, which contains 23 ECG recordings obtained during audio-visual emotional elicitation. Numerical data was converted to ECG images for the comparison. Numerous approaches were used to obtain ECG features. The Augsburg BioSignal Toolbox (AUBT) and the Toolbox for Emotional feature extraction from Physiological signals (TEAP) extracted features from numerical data. Meanwhile, features were extracted from image data using Oriented FAST and rotated BRIEF (ORB), Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT), KAZE, Accelerated-KAZE (AKAZE), Binary Robust Invariant Scalable Keypoints (BRISK), and Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG). Dimension reduction was accomplished using linear discriminant analysis (LDA), and valence and arousal were classified using the Support Vector Machine (SVM). Results: The experimental results show 1-D ECG-based ERS achieved 65.06% of accuracy and 75.63% of F1 score for valence, and 57.83% of accuracy and 44.44% of F1-score for arousal. For 2-D ECG-based ERS, the highest accuracy and F1-score for valence were 62.35% and 49.57%; whereas, the arousal was 59.64% and 59.71%. Conclusions: The results indicate that both inputs work comparably well in classifying emotions, which demonstrates the potential of 1-D and 2-D as input modalities for the ERS.
A Study on Effect of Operating Conditions on Gerotor Pump Performance
Authors: Hussain Tarique , Udaya Kumar M , Sarangi Niranjan , Sivaramakrishna M 
Published: May 2022

One of the important accessories of the lubrication system of an aero-engine is the oil pump which consists of multiple pumps with tandem gerotor elements housed in a single casing. This paper presents the volumetric efficiency variation of a single-stage gerotor pump specially designed for aero-engine by conducting experiments at on and off-design conditions and comparing it with the CFD analysis. A Gerotor pump having fixed geometrical parameters designed based on a athematical 1D model using MatLab and AMESim is manufactured and tested. Performance evaluation of these pumps for pressure and temperature has been discussed in this paper. Commercial CFD code ANSYS-Fluent with a standard k- ε turbulence model has been used for performance evaluation of gerotor pump. Flow characteristics studies on the prototype pump indicate that simulation results closely matched the experimental data. The study concludes that the simulation method adopted is appropriate for predicting the performance of the gerotor pump and the contribution of outlet pressure to the pump volumetric efficiency is significant.
Manoeuvring simulations of Autonomous Underwater Vehicle using quaternion
Authors: Patil Prasad Vinayak , Khan Md. Kareem , Korulla Manu , Nagarajan Vishwanath , Sha Om Prakash 
Published: May 2022

The dynamics of an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV), which can perform manoeuvres with pitch angles in the range of 90° is investigated in this paper. The purpose of the AUV is to perform station keeping manoeuvre at about 90° pitch angle by varying propeller revolution. The AUV is launched / retrieved in horizontal orientation. Quaternion mathematics, 4 quadrant propeller open water characteristics and PID controller for propeller revolution are incorporated in manoeuvring mathematical model for this purpose. A procedure for optimizing the gain coefficients for the PID controller is developed using the manoeuvring mathematical model. Two design configuration of the AUV are investigated, positively buoyant and negatively buoyant. It is shown that both the optimal gain coefficients for the PID controller for propeller revolution and dynamic response of the AUV are different for each design configuration.