bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introduction
Authors: Aljunied Khairudin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter introduces the ideas of the seven key Muslim intellectuals who have shaped Muslim minds in twentieth and twenty-first centuries Southeast Asia. It explains the concept of Islamic reformist mosaic. Islamic reformist is used here to refer to a long and unbroken line of fecund scholarship that derived its inspiration from two foundational sources – the Qur’an and Sunnah (Prophetic Tradition) with the primary intent of reform (islah) and renewal (tajdid) of the Muslim way of life. The word mosaic highlights the various strands of reformist thinking in Southeast Asia, each viewing their message of reform as most urgent and important. Even though these strands are diverse, they have coexisted, sometimes in a state of tension, and at other times in dialogue and mutual agreement.
Diversifying Performance
Authors: Randles Clint 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
If, as a profession, music education can steer clear of assessing large ensemble performance based on a yearly festival, contest, or performance assessment, then it can move forward with exploring alternative forms of making good in performance. The times of thinking of quality music instruction at the secondary level as completely dependent upon how calculated and precise a performance we can give with a group of people performing from Western classical notation need to come to an end. This chapter considers ways in which music teaching can change with the times by diversifying performance to include multiple ways of making good.
The End Is the Beginning
Authors: Randles Clint 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Music Teacher as Music Producer is intended in some ways as a license to be different and a handbook on how to go about the business of practicing that difference. This final chapter revisits the themes of the book’s introduction—innovation, creativity, troubleshooting, the hero’s journey, being different, modern band, and play and improvisation—with a view to inspiring the reader to engage with the various pieces of technology involved in live performance and recording to extend the experience of teaching and learning. It concludes with reflections on using the past to look forward, measuring success and responding to failure, and diversity.
The New World of Self
Authors: Strozier Charles B. , Pinteris Konstantine , Kelley Kathleen , Cher Deborah 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This book traces Heinz Kohut’s transformation of psychoanalysis and psychotherapy. His psychology of empathy introduced a new paradigm of self that provides an alternative to one based on the drives that Freud and ego psychology favored. The book closely examines Kohut’s theoretical and clinical work in a series of chapters on empathy, the self, the selfobject, rage, self-state dreams, sexualization, the nature of healing in psychotherapy, the extension of self psychology to the humanities, and the spiritual dimension of Kohut’s thinking. The book is the first such examination of all Kohut’s work in the historical context of what preceded him and the approaches that have evolved in psychoanalysis as a direct result of his contributions. There are three main objectives of the book. First, each thematic chapter stands alone and can be read separately to understand a given dimension of Kohut’s thought. There is, however, a conceptual sequence in the book. The whole is larger than the sum of its parts. Kohut clarified for psychoanalysis the holistic nature of self, just as this book makes clear the totality of his theory. Second, the book relieves Kohut of his often dense language and makes him accessible to clinicians and scholars who have lost sight of his significance as the foundational thinker in psychoanalysis after Freud. Finally, all the clinical materials illustrating Kohut’s theories are from his own cases or from cases of those he supervised. The book is the most complete, readable, and thorough introduction to Kohut available.
Brahms in the Schumann Library
Authors: Phillips Reuben 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
One of the most important points of connection between the young Johannes Brahms and Robert and Clara Schumann was a shared love of literature and reading. Brahms had developed a passion for the writings of the German Romantics while still in Hamburg, and signed many of his earliest compositions as “the young Kreisler” after E. T. A. Hoffmann’s hapless capellmeister. This investigation considers one fascinating source to shed fresh light on Brahms’s rummaging in the Schumann library in Düsseldorf in 1854: his notebooks of literary quotations, commonly known as the Schatzkästlein, or little treasure chest, of the young Kreisler. The chapter demonstrates the striking extent to which Brahms, in assembling his quotations, set about repurposing some of Robert Schumann’s literary treasures and reflects on the crucially significant role played by literature in the development of Brahms’s own musical sensibility.
Plato’s Euthyphro
Authors: McDonough Jeffrey K. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter discusses Plato’s account of piety as found in his dialogue Euthyphro. The first section introduces Plato and the setting of the dialogue. The second section takes up the view that pious and impious actions should be identified with the sorts of things that the gods do and refrain from doing. The third section explores the view that the pious is whatever is dear to the gods. The fourth section considers an account according to which the pious is what all the gods love, and the impious what all the gods hate. In the fifth section, the chapter examines Euthyphro’s suggestion that piety is concerned with justice as it relates to the gods.
Augustine’s On Free Choice of the Will
Authors: McDonough Jeffrey K. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter explores Augustine’s account of why we sin and who is to blame for our sinning. The first section sets out Augustine’s core view that we sin due to our free choices and that we are to be blamed for our sinning. The second section looks at Augustine’s proposal for reconciling human freedom and divine foreknowledge. In the third section, the chapter explores Augustine’s reasons for maintaining that God cannot be blamed for our sinning even though he foreknows that we will sin. The fourth section presents Augustine’s reasons for maintaining that it is not necessary that some humans sin. Finally, the fifth section discusses three views concerning the relationship between freedom and divine foreknowledge.
Anselm’s Proslogion
Authors: McDonough Jeffrey K. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter explores Anselm’s ontological argument for the existence of God. The first section introduces Anselm’s life and works. The second section presents the core of Anselm’s ontological argument according to which the existence of God is supposed to follow directly from the very concept of God and the fact that existence is good. The third section presents a series of critiques of Anselm’s argument made by his contemporary, Gaunilo of Marmoutiers. It also relates Gaunilo’s most famous objection to Anselm, an argument by analogy to the effect that the same reasoning used by Anselm would, if accepted, also show that a perfect island must exist. The fourth section presents two further objections, one by Immanuel Kant and the other by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz.
Al-Ghazali’s The Rescuer from Error
Authors: McDonough Jeffrey K. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter briefly introduces the great Islamic philosopher al-Ghazali and draws upon his The Rescuer from Error to explore three topics in the philosophy of religion. First, the chapter discusses three views on the relationship between faith and reason. Second, it explores al-Ghazali’s skeptical doubts and his use of mysticism to resolve those doubts. Third, the chapter considers al-Ghazali’s arguments that religious belief can properly rest on neither theology, esotericism, nor philosophy. Finally, the chapter explores the implications of “divine hiddenness,” that is, the apparent fact that many people who—through no fault of their own—do not stand in a personal relationship to God.
Aquinas’s Summa Theologica
Authors: McDonough Jeffrey K. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter discusses Thomas Aquinas’s attempt to show that the first mover must have personal attributes traditionally associated with God. The first section explores Aquinas’s argument that God has knowledge, and indeed, that God has perfect self-knowledge, knowledge of things other than himself, and even knowledge of future events. The second section follows Aquinas’s argument that God has a will. The third section explores Aquinas’s argument that God loves both himself and creatures. Finally, the fourth section considers the apparent gender bias of sacred texts in the Abrahamic traditions and sketches three lines of response.
Spinoza’s Ethics
Authors: McDonough Jeffrey K. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter explores the relationship between human beings and God-or-Nature in Baruch Spinoza’s philosophy. The first section sketches Spinoza’s distinction between substances, attributes, and modes. The second section discusses Spinoza’s view that human beings are modes of God-or-Nature. Spinoza maintains that tables and chairs, you and I are not independent things but rather modifications of God-or-Nature. The third section presents Spinoza’s reasons for resisting libertarian freedom while the fourth section presents his reasons for embracing a compatibilist account of human freedom. The final section considers how we might hope to moderate our passions and thus become freer. Spinoza suggests that by modifying our perspectives on external influences, we can hope to minimize their control over us.
Harvesting on Land
Authors: Price Trevor 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Millions of animals and plants are harvested every year, especially from tropical forests. While exploitation has resulted in massive depletion in long-exploited areas thereby reducing the harvest, in West Africa, the Amazon and parts of Southeast Asia, catch may be increasing, resulting from new technologies (such as guns) and increased access to markets. Large species, with low reproduction rates, are the first to be targeted and the first to disappear, with ramifying effects on the food web. Simple applications of the logistic growth model to West African villages imply that nearby populations are at levels below what would produce the maximum sustainable yield. Nevertheless, allowing them to recover would require a temporary loss of income and reduction in nutrition. The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) came into force in 1973, which makes it illegal to export or import certain species, but this is regularly circumvented.
Extinction
Authors: Price Trevor 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Based on fossil mammals from North America, extinction rates since the last mass extinction, but before human influences, are estimated at 0.4 species/species/million years, which implies a species typically persisted for about 2.5 million years. The background extinction rate has been punctuated by mass extinctions, which are defined as more than 75% of species in the fossil record going extinct over a relatively short period of time, the last of which was 66 million years ago. Over the past 50,000 years humans have caused extinctions of at least 30% of large mammals, and at least 30% of Pacific island bird species. Over the past 500 years, between 1% and 5% of all remaining vertebrates on continents have been lost, which is 50 to 250 times faster than the estimated background rate of fossil mammals and implies that we will reach mass extinction levels within a few thousand years. This time will be shorter if current extinction rates are underestimated, or rates increase in the future.
The Value of Species
Authors: Price Trevor 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The value of biodiversity includes not only the benefits provided by whole ecosystems, such as recreation and clean water, but also individual species. The number of species present in a location correlates with many desirable features, including plant productivity, stability of biomass from one year to the next, and efficiency of crop pollination. Loss of species results in other species becoming common, thereby increasing risk of disease and intense predation by specialists. The dangers of simplification are illustrated by the honeybee, which conducts the majority of pollination of some crops, such as almonds in the United States, but whose colonies are now difficult to maintain due to both parasites and pathogens. Loss of a single species may cause the collapse of ecosystems. Individual species are also of direct value, for example, for medicine or food. This chapter ends with a revisit to current exploitation rates and why these must be brought into balance.
Why Advocacy and Policy Matter
Authors: Early Jody , Rees Keely S. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this chapter, advocacy is defined in the context of the public health education profession, and the reader is introduced to the importance of modern advocacy concepts, settings, and skills. This chapter provides historical framing and demonstrates how advocates are deeply engaged in policy work in today’s world. Activism and grassroots are central to improving the quality of life in local and global aspects. Many people who work in healthcare and public health serve as leaders in addressing issues that diminish or threaten lives. Being a public health advocate gives you the opportunity to influence the way the public and policymakers think and act on public health policies.
Advocacy
Authors: Allison Kathleen G. , Kerr Dianne , Hedman-Robertson Amy 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter provides the historical context of the advocacy skill set within the health education profession. It shows how the concepts presented in the first three chapters relate to public health education. This provides readers opportunities to make connections regarding where health professionals will best use their skills, knowledge of how to build their skill set, and ways to practice to see how they can advocate within their unique settings and health areas. The health education profession adapts and grows with the times. These changes are explored while providing the competency-based frameworks that will set leaders up for success in the field.
The Policy Process
Authors: Hampton Cicily 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Health advocates engage with policy at many levels throughout their work. This chapter takes the reader through what is necessary and a crucial awareness of how to work with policy processes. Identifying policy problems kicks off the policy process. The steps in the policy process are problem identification, agenda setting, policy formulation, policy adoption, policy implementation, and policy evaluation. This chapter identifies the key concepts, terminology, and theoretical frameworks used in policy development and implementation. This policy work might be at the more local level or at a formal legislative process. Health educators active in the public health field utilize these applicable tenets while learning how to navigate tough policy changes.
Advocating for Health Equity
Authors: Mata Holly , Ortega Kristen Hernández , Bussells Aditi Srivistav 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter invites advocates to take a deeper look at equity in all health policies and address systemic racism and problems rooted in policy or advocacy work. It addresses how public health practitioners and community members are improving environments in which we live, learn, work, play, and pray by advocating for health equity. Cultural competency is foundational to the work in public health and is a skill grounded in cultural humility. The chapter takes a strong lead on providing the next generation of leaders with the strategies to address health inequities while keeping individuals and communities at the forefront of advocacy initiatives.
Advocacy Strategies
Authors: Blavos Alexis , Moses Holly T. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter takes an exploratory approach to building on the skills introduced in previous chapters and helping health advocates find their voice while deepening their skills. It takes the reader through finding their state and federal representatives and senators and other local policymakers. This chapter focuses on strategies and examples use at all of these levels. This chapter prepares the advocate for informal and formal communications with policymakers, including congressional visits, calls, and emails. This chapter brings together the policy and advocacy considerations for moving along these issues. There are step-by-step examples for finding your legislators and legislation at all levels and how to prepare for these meetings. Common advocacy tools are also discussed.
Partnerships and Coalition Building for Advocacy
Authors: Breny Jean M. , De Leon Breanna , Schwartz Elizabeth J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The information and skills build to Chapter 10, where the work of a grassroots organization was investigated and how that work coincides with other advocacy and policy issues. Grassroots advocacy is a specific form of advocacy that starts from the roots (i.e., from the community itself) and grows upward from there. This is where the advocate deepens their knowledge about partnership building and collaboration and how it serves the profession to further the development of changes needed. Professional organizations and associations become important to the advocacy efforts at this level, and how to work together on the issues is shared.
Advocacy for the Long Haul
Authors: Early Jody , Mohammed Selina A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Health advocacy requires long-term dedication, energy, and commitment to a cause, issue, or policy change. This final chapter addresses the importance of working with longevity and sustainability in mind and how strategic planning and determining long-term objectives are necessary to achieve the desired outcomes for individuals and communities. The importance of making steadfast progress while building resilience within one’s self and the community is emphasized. This includes addressing burnout and compassion fatigue at the individual and organizational levels. Some strategies are provided for sustaining advocacy efforts as well as the self in the process. Advocacy requires deep rest and building up reserves for the long haul.
The Role of Commercial Influences in Public Understanding of Harms, Causes, and Solutions
Authors: Petticrew Mark , Maani Nason , van Schalkwyk May CI 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Commercial efforts to influence the framing of problems and solutions in the mind of the public are both powerful and yet understudied. Often in health, researchers and policymakers seek to influence the public conversation in ways that lead to a greater understanding of health harms and their causes. “Lay epidemiology” is a term used to describe the processes through which health risks are understood and interpreted by the average person, and it is viewed as a barrier to public health when the public disbelieves or fails to act on public health messages. However, as with influence on policy, efforts to influence the public conversation do not exist in isolation but, rather, occur in an environment with at times competing messages, including disinformation, by vested interests. Developing the tools to better conceptualize, quantify, and ultimately predict the effects of commercial actors on public understanding and discourse is therefore of paramount importance.
The Role of Corporations in Influencing Culture
Authors: Tomes Nancy 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
From Christmas to Diwali, commercial actors seek to link the consumption of certain products to cultural events or to promote cultural shifts in ways that might protect or increase sales. Indeed, certain products and brands have seemingly permanent pride of place amid society’s most hallowed cultural institutions. However, from the co-opting of female empowerment by the tobacco industry in the early 20th century to the links between gambling and football, or Christmas and soft drinks, culture is often deliberately shaped and changed in ways that suit commercial interests. To encourage more healthful social norms and environments, it is important that the nature of culture and the role of commercial actors in shaping it be examined. This chapter describes the role of commercial actors in shaping cultural norms, including learning from examples in which such cultural norms, such as tobacco use, have evolved and been influenced over time.
Industry Influence on Science
Authors: Fabbri Alice , Gilmore Anna B. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The strategy of generating doubt regarding evidence that may prove harmful to commercial activity is long-standing. Whereas in the eyes of the public such tactics have been primarily the purview of the tobacco industry, popular books have sought to tell the story of the distortion of facts by industrial actors, from leaded paint to alcohol, asbestos and tobacco to climate change and pesticides. Despite this growing literature base, such activities are much less a focus of academic research, which in examining the links between funding and influence has focused primarily on the pharmaceutical industry. Emerging evidence points to influence of each of the main structures of science, from peer review to conferences, journals, guidelines, definitions of “sound science,” and the ways in which industry uses evidence. This chapter establishes a baseline of existing evidence and describes emerging theories applicable across a range of commercial actors and activities. It also identifies future research and translational priorities.
Role in Trade Deals and Investment
Authors: Barlow Pepita , Crosbie Eric 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
An important avenue by which corporate power may be exercised in ways that affect health is in the form of trade agreements, investment, and intellectual property protections. Trade deals are associated with the transnationalization of health risks and possible benefits, both of which are influenced by and influence commercial actors, particularly transnational corporations. There has been a call for “healthy” trade policies to reflect the public good, but this can come into conflict with the profit motive. In the context of global health, trade agreements have been used as the grounds for litigation against public health policies by commercial actors. Conversely, groups of activist shareholders have at times sought to influence large publicly owned companies toward more health-focused goals. This chapter describes the links between trade, investment, law, and health, contextualizing current research on the nature of commercially focused trade and investment in ways that are applicable to public health.
The Gambling Industry
Authors: van Schalkwyk May CI , Cassidy Rebecca 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The gambling industry includes large, increasingly consolidated multinational companies, and although not historically considered an “unhealthy” product in the way tobacco or alcohol have been, gambling has significant health and social implications for both users and their families. A significant proportion of gambling-related public health research is industry-funded, as are most academic conferences, despite a clear conflict of interest. Operator business models have drawn criticism for relying on revenue from a small proportion of users consuming at high levels and for incentive schemes that use a variety of behavioral psychology tools to attempt to drive further use. As the online component of this industry grows, there is a need for a cohesive research agenda, informed by the evidence base in comparable industry sectors. This chapter describes the nature of the evidence base, the features of the gambling industry, and potential research and translational goals moving forward.