bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two-year outcome comparison of custom versus conventional total knee (TKA) implants: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Passano Brandon , Lee Ji Won , Gallagher Brian , Desale Sameer , Boucher Henry R. 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Custom implants have drawn increasing interest from surgeons seeking the promise of improved coronal alignment, decreased operative time, and improved outcomes. Currently, there is no clear evidence to support those claims. This study sought to investigate whether utilization of custom implants and instrumentation would lead to a greater improvement in two-year patient-reported outcomes compared with conventional total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Methods:
This is a retrospective cohort study of 287 knees that underwent either custom TKA (n=150) or conventional TKA (n=137). Primary outcome measures included changes in Oxford Knee Score (OKS) and Short-Form 12 (SF-12) mental and physical component scores at preoperative versus 2-year follow-up. A mixed effects model was utilized to make comparisons between improvements in score. The complication and revision rates were compared.

Results:
There was a significant improvement in all three patient-reported outcome measures from preoperative to 2-year follow-up in both the custom and conventional instrumentation group. There were no significant differences in the magnitude of improvement between the custom and conventional groups for OKS, SF-12 mental, or SF-12 physical (P=0.07, 0.19, and 0.13, respectively) at 2-year follow-up. There were no significant differences in the complication rate (P=0.69) or revision rate (P=0.60) at 2-year follow-up.

Conclusions:
At a minimum follow-up of 2 years, the authors found no significant differences in patient-reported outcome measures including the OKS, SF-12 mental and physical scores between custom and conventional TKAs. Additionally, there were no significant differences in complication or revision rates.

Level of Evidence:
Level III
Patient-Related Functional Outcomes After Robotic-Assisted Rectal Surgery Compared With a Laparoscopic Approach: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Flynn Julie , Larach Jose T. , Kong Joseph C.H. , Waters Peadar S. , McCormick Jacob J. , Warrier Satish K. , Heriot Alexander 
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND:
Robotic surgery has gained significant momentum in rectal cancer surgery. Most studies focus on short-term and oncological outcomes, showing similar outcomes to laparoscopic surgery. Increasing survivorship mandates greater emphasis on quality of life and long-term function.

OBJECTIVE:
This study aimed to compare quality of life and urinary, sexual, and lower GI functions between robotic and laparoscopic rectal surgeries.

DATA SOURCES:
A systematic search of Medline, PubMed, Embase, Clinical Trials Register, and Cochrane Library–identified articles comparing robotic with laparoscopic rectal resections was performed.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
The outcome measures were quality of life and urinary, sexual, and GI functions between robotic and laparoscopic rectal resection patient groups. Where comparable data were available, results were pooled for analysis.

RESULTS:
The initial search revealed 1777 papers; 101 were reviewed in full, and 14 studies were included for review. Eleven assessed male sexual function; 7 favored robotic surgery, and the remaining studies showed no significant difference. Pooled analysis of 5 studies reporting rates of male sexual dysfunction at 12 months showed significantly lower rates after robotic surgery (OR, 0.51; p = 0.043). Twelve studies compared urinary function. Six favored robotic surgery, but in 2 studies, a difference was seen at 6 months but not sustained at 12 months. Pooled analysis of 4 studies demonstrated significantly better urinary function scores at 12 months after robotic surgery (OR, 0.26; p = 0.016). Quality of life and GI function were equivalent, but very little data exist for these parameters.

LIMITATIONS:
A small number of studies compare outcomes between these groups; only 2 are randomized. Different scoring systems limit comparisons and pooling of data.

CONCLUSIONS:
The limited available data suggest that robotic rectal cancer resection improves male sexual and urinary functions when compared with laparoscopy, but there is no difference in quality of life or GI function. Future studies should report all facets of functional outcomes using standardized scoring systems.
Limb Fasciotomy for COVID-19 Patients: Is the Chance to Cut a Chance to Cure?
Authors: Holzmer Stephanie W. , Walsh Catherine A. , Mohiuddin Waseem , Sharpe Frances E. 
Published: July 2022

Summary:
Based on the findings of two consecutive cases of upper extremity compartment syndrome encountered at our institution, we hypothesize that the presence of compartment syndrome in the unstable COVID-19 patient may be associated with high mortality and low limb salvage rates. A literature search was conducted with key search terms, including “compartment syndrome, fasciotomy, COVID, and coronavirus.” Articles describing patients with a confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis who developed extremity compartment syndrome were included in our study. The primary outcome investigated was patient survival. Secondary outcomes included limb survival and limb salvage. Limb salvage was calculated in patients who survived to time of discharge, whereas limb survival was counted for all patients. We then added our two cases to the findings reported in our literature to determine current overall limb salvage and patient survival rates. Our review of the literature yielded six case reports of ten extremities that developed compartment syndrome in the COVID-19 positive patient. Overall survival was four of six patients (67%). The overall limb survival rate at the time of hospital discharge was three of 10 (30%). With the addition of our two cases, overall survival was four of eight (50%) and overall limb survival rate was three of 12 (25%). Furthermore, with inclusion of our two cases, the patient survival rate of hemodynamically unstable patients was only three of seven (43%). The development of compartment syndrome in the unstable COVID-19 patient may be a harbinger of death, and the decision to proceed with operative intervention is challenging, complex, and in some cases must prioritize life over limb.
Role of inwardly rectifying K+ channel 5.1 (Kir5.1) in the regulation of renal membrane transport
Authors: Lin Dao-Hong , Duan Xin-Peng , Zheng Jun-Ya , Wang Wen-Hui 
Published: July 2022

Purpose of review
Kir5.1 interacts with Kir4.2 in proximal tubule and with Kir4.1 in distal convoluted tubule (DCT), connecting tubule (CNT) and cortical collecting duct (CCD) to form basolateral-K+-channels. Kir4.2/Kir5.1 and Kir4.1/Kir5.1 play an important role in regulating Na+/HCO3
--transport of the proximal tubule and Na+/K+ -transport in the DCT/CNT/CCD. The main focus of this review is to provide an overview of the recent development in the field regarding the role of Kir5.1 regulating renal electrolyte transport in the proximal tubule and DCT.

Recent findings
Loss-of-function-mutations of KCNJ16 cause a new form of tubulopathy, characterized by hypokalaemia, Na+-wasting, acid-base-imbalance and metabolic-acidosis. Abnormal bicarbonate transport induced by loss-of-function of KCNJ16-mutants is recapitulated in Kir4.2-knockout-(Kir4.2 KO) mice. Deletion of Kir5.1 also abolishes the effect of dietary Na+ and K+-intakes on the basolateral membrane voltage and NCC expression/activity. Long-term high-salt intake or high-K+-intake causes hyperkalaemic in Kir5.1-deficient mice.

Summary
Kir4.2/Kir5.1 activity in the proximal tubule plays a key role in regulating Na+, K+ and bicarbonate-transport through regulating electrogenic-Na+-bicarbonate-cotransporter-(NBCe1) and type 3-Na+/H+-exchanger-(NHE3). Kir4.1/Kir5.1 activity of the DCT plays a critical role in mediating the effect of dietary-K+ and Na+-intakes on NCC activity/expression. As NCC determines the Na+ delivery rate to the aldosterone-sensitive distal nephron (ASDN), defective regulation of NCC during high-salt and high-K+ compromises renal K+ excretion and K+ homeostasis.
The genetic spectrum of Gitelman(-like) syndromes
Authors: Schlingmann Karl P. , de Baaij Jeroen H.F. 
Published: July 2022

Purpose of review
Gitelman syndrome is a recessive salt-wasting disorder characterized by hypomagnesemia, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis and hypocalciuria. The majority of patients are explained by mutations and deletions in the SLC12A3 gene, encoding the Na+-Cl−-co-transporter (NCC). Recently, additional genetic causes of Gitelman-like syndromes have been identified that should be considered in genetic screening. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the clinical, genetic and mechanistic aspects of Gitelman(-like) syndromes.

Recent findings
Disturbed Na+ reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule (DCT) is associated with hypomagnesemia and hypokalemic alkalosis. In Gitelman syndrome, loss-of-function mutations in SLC12A3 cause impaired NCC-mediated Na+ reabsorption. In addition, patients with mutations in CLCKNB, KCNJ10, FXYD2 or HNF1B may present with a similar phenotype, as these mutations indirectly reduce NCC activity. Furthermore, genetic investigations of patients with Na+-wasting tubulopathy have resulted in the identification of pathogenic variants in MT-TI, MT-TF, KCNJ16 and ATP1A1. These novel findings highlight the importance of cell metabolism and basolateral membrane potential for Na+ reabsorption in the DCT.

Summary
Altogether, these findings extend the genetic spectrum of Gitelman-like electrolyte alterations. Genetic testing of patients with hypomagnesemia and hypokalemia should cover a panel of genes involved in Gitelman-like syndromes, including the mitochondrial genome.
Utilization of Phone Simulations to Assess Competency Within Nursing Education
Authors: Wilbeck Jennifer , Cross Lacey , Weaver Angela , Kennedy Betsy B. 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Phone simulations offer educators unique opportunities for teaching and assessment with reduced scheduling and location barriers.

Problem:
Challenges to learner assessments are multifaceted, including decreased availability of clinical sites, preceptors, and, at times, clinical instructors.

Approach:
This article describes the creation and implementation of diverse phone simulations at multiple levels of nursing education and provides suggestions for broader replication and adaptation.

Outcomes:
Phone simulations are easily implemented, well received, and helpful in assessing student learning and progression. At the generalist level, telephone SBAR (situation, background, assessment, and recommendation) simulations promote essential communication skills imperative in the delivery of safe and effective care. For advanced practice learners, phone simulations are easily applied across multiple populations and specialties. Guided reflections following simulation offer learners an opportunity to immediately self-remediate.

Conclusions:
Phone simulations provide adaptable opportunities to support learning and assess knowledge and competency within educational and clinical settings.
Functional Status and Hospital Readmission After Pediatric Critical Disease: A Year Follow-Up
Authors: Dattein Peiter Ana Paula , Wohlgemuth Schaan Camila , Campos Camila , Knisspell de Oliveira Jéssica , Vieira Rosa Nathalia , da Silva Rodrigues Rayane , dos Santos de Moraes Larissa , Luisa Lukrafka Janice , Salatti Ferrari Renata 
Published: July 2022

Objectives:
To evaluate the association between pediatric functional status at hospital discharge after PICU admission and hospital readmission within 1 year.

Design:
Prospective longitudinal study.

Setting:
Two PICUs in tertiary hospitals in South Brazil.

Patients:
Children and adolescents admitted to the PICU.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
We evaluated the following: clinical and sociodemographic characteristics, functional status using the Functional Status Scale—Brazil (FSS-Brazil) at baseline and at hospital discharge, and hospital readmission within 1 year. Hospital readmission risk was associated with possible related factors using Cox regression to estimate the hazard ratio (HR). A total of 196 patients completed the follow-up. At hospital discharge, 39.3% of children had some degree of decline in FSS-Brazil, and 38.3% had at least one nonelective hospital readmission within 1 year. FSS-Brazil rating at hospital discharge was associated with the risk of hospital readmission within 1 year (HR, 1.698; 95% CI, 1.016–2.838).

Conclusion:
FSS-Brazil rating at hospital discharge, age, and length of stay were associated with greater hazard of nonelective hospital readmission within 1 year of discharge.
Inferring transcriptional bursting kinetics from single-cell snapshot data using a generalized telegraph model
Authors: Luo Songhao , Zhang Zhenquan , Wang Zihao , Yang Xiyan , Chen Xiaoxuan , Zhou Tianshou , Zhang Jiajun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMotivationGene expression has inherent stochasticity resulting from transcription’s burst manners. Single-cell snapshot data can be exploited to rigorously infer transcriptional burst kinetics, using mathematical models as blueprints. The classical telegraph model (CTM) has been widely used to explain transcriptional bursting with Markovian assumptions (i.e., exponentially distributed dwell time in ON and OFF states). However, growing evidence suggests that the gene-state dwell times are nonexponential, as gene-state switching is a multi-step process in organisms. Therefore, interpretable non-Markovian mathematical models and efficient statistical inference methods are urgently required in investigating transcriptional burst kinetics.ResultsWe develop an interpretable and tractable model, the generalized telegraph model (GTM), to carve transcriptional bursting that allows arbitrary dwell-time distributions, rather than exponential distributions, to be incorporated into the ON and OFF switching process. Based on the GTM, we propose an inference method for transcriptional bursting kinetics using an approximate Bayesian computation framework (BayesGTM). BayesGTM demonstrates efficient and scalable estimation of burst frequency and burst size on synthetic data. Further, the application of BayesGTM to genome-wide data from mouse embryonic fibroblasts reveals that CTM would overestimate burst frequency and underestimate burst size. In conclusion, the GTM and the corresponding BayesGTM are effective tools to infer dynamic transcriptional bursting from static single-cell snapshot data.
Clinical utility of repurposing a short course of hepatitis C drugs for COVID19. A randomized controlled study
Authors: Yakoot Mostafa , Eysa Basem , Gouda Essam , Helmy Sherine A , Elsayed Mahmoud R , Elrouby Ola , Mohamed Amal , Reyad Ehab , Fawzi Mohamed M , Elmandouh Safaa , Abdellatif Wessam , Zidan Ahmed A , Adel Abd-Elmoniem , Hassany Mohamed 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDPreliminary data suggests a potential therapeutic benefit for the hepatitis C drugs, sofosbuvir (SOF) and daclatasvir (DCV) for the treatment of COVID-19. We aim to evaluate efficacy of a short course of dual sofosbuvir/daclatasvir in patients with COVID-19.METHODSEighty-nine consecutive eligible patients were randomly assigned to two treatment groups. The experimental group was treated with the standard of care (SOC) therapy in addition to one 400 mg tablet sofosbuvir and one 60 mg daclatasvir daily for 10 days; while the control group was treated with the SOC therapy alone. Baseline clinical data was measured and followed up for 21 days. Data was compared between the two treatment groups.RESULTSThe proportion of cumulative clinical recovery in the experimental group at day 21 was numerically greater than the control group (40/44 (91%; 95%CI: 78.8-96.4%) versus 35/45 (77.8%; CI 63.7-87.5%)). The Hazard Ratio (HR) for time to clinical recovery adjusted for baseline severity, using a Cox-regression model was statistically significant: HR: 1.59 (95%CI: 1.001-2.5). Concordantly, the experimental group also showed trends for greater improvement in the mean 8-points ordinal scale score, the severity of lung lesions score and the case fatality rate (4.5% versus 11.1%). No serious or severe adverse events were reported in both groups.CONCLUSIONThis study supports potential benefit and safety of sofosbuvir combined with daclatasvir when given early in the treatment of COVID-19. We hope to encourage further large sized, multinational studies to confirm the results.HIGHLIGHTSPreliminary data suggests a potential therapeutic benefit for the hepatitis C drugs, sofosbuvir (SOF) and daclatasvir (DCV) for the treatment of COVID-19.Eighty-nine COVID-19 patients were randomly assigned to either treatment with SOC plus a short course of combined SOF/DCV therapy or SOC therapy alone.The Hazard Ratio (HR) for time to clinical recovery adjusted for baseline severity showed statistical significance: HR: 1.59 (95%CI: 1.001-2.5). Concordantly, all other efficacy endpoints showed numerical trends for greater improvement in the experimental group including the case fatality rate (4.5% versus 11.1%). No serious or severe adverse events were reported in both groups.SOF/DCV therapy might be beneficial when given early in the treatment of COVID-19.
Efficacy of the AZD1222 (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) COVID-19 Vaccine Against SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern
Authors: Koen Anthonet L. , Izu Alane , Baillie Vicky , Kwatra Gaurav , Cutland Clare L. , Fairlie Lee , Padayachee Sherman D. , Dheda Keertan , Barnabas Shaun L. , Bhorat Qasim Ebrahim , Briner Carmen , Ahmed Khatija , Bhikha Sutika , Bhiman Jinal N. , Plessis Jeanine du , Esmail Aliasgar , Horne Elizea , Hwa Shi-Hsia , Oommen-Jose Aylin , Lambe Teresa , Laubscher Matt , Malahleha Mookho , Benade Gabriella , McKenzie Shakeel , Oelofse Suzette , Patel Faeezah , Pillay Sureshnee , Rhead Sarah , Rodel Hylton , Taoushanis Carol , Tegally Houriiyah , Thombrayil Asha , Villafana Tonya L. , Gilbert Sarah , Pollard Andrew J. , Madhi Shabir A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this South African phase 1/2b study, we demonstrated vaccine efficacy (VE) of two doses of AZD1222 for asymptomatic and symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection: 90.6% against wild-type and 77.1% against the Delta variant ≥9 months after vaccination. VE against infection with the Beta variant, which preceded circulation of Delta, was 6.7%.Clinical trial identifierCT.govNCT04444674
AFM-based force spectroscopy unravels the stepwise-formation of a DNA transposition complex driving multi-drug resistance dissemination
Authors: Fernandez Maricruz , Shkumatov Alexander V. , Liu Yun , Stulemeijer Claire , Derclaye Sylvie , Efremov Rouslan G. , Hallet Bernard , Alsteens David 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTTransposon Tn4430 belongs to a widespread family of bacterial transposons, the Tn3 family, which plays a prevalent role in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance among pathogens. So far, the molecular mechanisms underlying the replicative transposition of these elements are still poorly understood. Here, we use force-distance curve-based atomic force microscopy to probe the binding of the TnpA transposase of Tn4430 to DNA molecules containing one or two transposon ends and to extract the thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of transposition complex assembly. Comparing wild-type TnpA with previously isolated deregulated TnpA mutants supports a stepwise pathway for transposition complex formation and activation during which TnpA first binds to a single transposon end and then undergoes a structural transition that enables it to bind the second end co-operatively and to become activated for transposition catalysis. Our study thus provides an unprecedented approach to probe the dynamic of a complex DNA processing machinery at the single-particle level.
Primate simplexviruses differ in tropism for macaque cells
Authors: Hofmann-Winkler Heike , Siregar Abdul Rahman , Rodriguez Polo Ignacio , Esiyok Nesil , Gärtner Sabine , Behr Rüdiger , Pöhlmann Stefan , Winkler Michael 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPrimate simplexviruses are closely related neurotropic herpesviruses, which are largely apathogenic in their respective host species. However, cross-species transmission of Macacine alphaherpesvirus 1 (McHV1, also termed Herpes B virus) from rhesus macaques to humans can cause fatal encephalomyelitis. In contrast, closely related viruses, such as Cercopithecine alphaherpesvirus 2 (CeHV2, also termed simian agent 8) or Papiine alphaherpesvirus 2 (PaHV2, also termed herpesvirus papio 2), have not been linked to human disease and are believed to be largely apathogenic in humans. Here, we investigated whether McHV1, PaHV2 and CeHV2 differ in their capacity to infect non-human primate (NHP) and human cells. For comparison, we included the human simplexviruses HSV1 and HSV2 in our analyses. All five viruses replicated efficiently in cell lines of human and African green monkey origin and McHV1 and PaHV2 also showed robust replication in rhesus macaque cell lines. In contrast, replication of HSV1, HSV2 and CeHV2 in cell lines of rhesus macaque origin was inefficient. These results demonstrate a previously unappreciated partial resistance of certain rhesus macaque cell lines to HSV1/HSV2/CeHV2 infection and reveal similarities between cell tropism of McHV1 and PaHV2 that might be relevant for risk assessment.
Fibronectin deficiency in newborn mice leads to cyst formation in the kidney
Authors: Hermann Kristina , Seibold Silke , Skoczynski Kathrin , Buchholz Bjoern , Tamm Ernst R. , Herrnberger-Eimer Leonie 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPurposeThe ubiquitously expressed glycoprotein fibronectin (FN) is a central component of the fibrillar extracellular matrix (ECM) that is found in multiple sites throughout the body including the peritubular interstitium of the kidney. To learn more about the specific role(s) of FN in the kidney we generated and investigated FN-deficient mice.MethodsWe generated CAGG-Cre-ER™/Fnfl/fl mice which carry floxed Fn alleles and ubiquitously express Cre-recombinase after tamoxifen treatment. Newborn pups were treated with tamoxifen eye drops (2.5 mg/mL) to induce FN deficiency. Conditional deletion of Fn was confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR, Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. The expression patterns of Fn were analyzed by in situ hybridization. Kidneys were investigated by light microscopy and immunohistochemistry.ResultsThe expression analyses and immunohistochemistry showed a significant reduction of FN at postnatal day (P) 4. Loss of FN corelated with the formation of renal cysts at the corticomedullary border, which expand with increasing age. In situ hybridization demonstrated that on P4 Fn expression extends mainly from the pelvis to the corticomedullary border, whereas in 5-6 weeks old mice it is located only in the cortex. Immunohistochemistry and light microscopy showed a loosening of the renal interstitium and additionally an appearance of ECM proteins in the cysts.ConclusionWe conclude that FN deficiency leads to the development of renal cysts, which occurs a few days after tamoxifen treatment and results in extensive loss of renal parenchyma a few weeks after birth. The results indicate an important role of FN for maintenance of kidney structure and function.