bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A-287 Attention Shifting Individual Differences Moderate Attention Bias Modification Training Effects Among Formerly Depressed Persons
Authors: Tytler Caitlin , Yaroslavsky Ilya , Kiss Enikő , Kapornai Krisztina , Baji Ildikó , Kovacs Maria 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective: Biased information processing towards negative content is associated with depressive disorders and may be reduced by training attention away from dysphoric stimuli (attention bias modification training, ABM). Empirical findings are mixed concerning ABM outcomes within depressed clinical and analog samples, which may reflect methodological differences (e.g., reaction time- vs. eye-tracking-based measurement), and individual attention-shifting differences. This study tests attention-shifting as a moderator of ABM outcomes among adults with depression histories via reaction-time and eye-tracking-based paradigms.
Method: Adults (N=197, Mage=26.83, 46% female, n=28 depressed) completed psychiatric interviews and received dot-probe-based ABM (n=126) or sham training (SHAM-ABM) (n=71) in 3 laboratory sessions. Across training conditions, respondents viewed sad-neutral same-actor face pairs with incongruent trials (probe following the neutral face) comprising 85% of the 288 session trials in ABM vs. 50% in SHAM-ABM. Training effects reflect pre-to-post-training change in average reaction times to incongruent (vs. congruent) image-probe trials via another dot-probe task and times to first visual fixation across same-actor sad-neutral face-pairs in response to visual prompts (i.e., a shape framing the target face) collected through E-prime 3.0 and the Tobii x2-60 system. Attention-shifting indexes time-to-first-fixation across neutral-neutral face-pair trials.
Results. Pre-training attention-shifting differences moderated training effects when shifting attention away (but not towards) sad faces (F=3.98, p=.047): slow attention-shifting predicted rapid sad-face disengagement for those in SHAM-ABM (ΔM=-61ms, F=7.96, p=.005), but not other conditions. No other training effects emerged for eye-tracking and reaction time indices.
Conclusion: Findings support the utility of measuring attention processes via eye-tracking methods, and the need to account for individual attention-shifting differences.
A-292 Graph Theoretical Analysis of Brain Functional Connectivity in Initiation and Inhibition Tasks
Authors: Davis Alexandra 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective: Using graph theoretical analysis, the current study explores network properties of highly associated brain areas during initiation and inhibition.
Method: The current study utilized a publicly available dataset of functional connectivity matrices generated during initiation and inhibition (go/nogo paradigm) in 144 healthy adults between the age of 20 and 86 who were recruited from the greater Toronto area (Jenny R Rieck et. al, 2021). The researcher selected brain areas (ROIs) that showed high correlation (&gt;0.75) from each participant's matrices and input high incidents of functional connectivity among all participants into an incidental matrix which was used to generate a network graph for each task. ROIs are presented as nodes (vertices) while their connections are edges. Core measures, such as degree distribution, mean distance, within module degree z score, and gateway coefficient, were analyzed.
Results: The analysis showed a disconnected network across several brain regions and several common connections among somatomotor, default A, and peripheral visual networks. For the initiation task, the medial prefrontal cortex on both hemispheres are more frequently activated. A high betweenness was found in different brain areas for the inhibition and initiation across visual and default networks. Further analysis showed the extra-striate cortex appears to be the “hub” for initiation while the extra-striate superior cortex appears to be the “hub” for inhibition.
Conclusion(s): The present study showed several common brain areas that are activated during both initiation and inhibition, highlighted differences in activation between the two tasks and explored several areas that could be a “hub” during each task.
A-298 Comparing the Use of the Automatized Sequences Task to the Rey-15 Item Test with an Inpatient Adolescent Population
Authors: Shoppell Stephanie , Michel Samson 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective: In adult populations, performance validity indicators are well established, as they are efficient and can be a standalone to measure effort. There less known about the validity of effort testing with adolescents, especially when conducting neuropsychological evaluations on an inpatient unit.
Method: This study examined the performance of adolescents admitted to an inpatient psychiatric unit on the Automatized Sequences Task (AST) (aged 13-19; n = 74) and Rey-15 Item Test (aged 13-19; n = 74).
Results: 86.5% of the adolescent passed the AST (M = .86; SD = .34) and 97.5% of adolescents passed the Rey-15 (M = 13.6 items correct, SD = 2.64).
Conclusion(s): Performance on both PVTs demonstrated the helpfulness in measuring effort with adolescents on an inpatient unit. Further research is needed to determine whether the adolescents who performed below recommended cutoffs on AST reflects genuine suboptimal effort, cognitive difficulties with these adolescents, and/or other factors.
A-299 Comparison in Regional Cerebral Blood Flow for Individuals with and without a History of Diagnosed Brain Trauma
Authors: Nunez Christina , Thompson Kayla , McDonald Bailey , Golden Charles , Amen Daniel , Willeumier Kristen 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective: To identify regions of the brain with disrupted regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) resulting from brain trauma.
Method: Participants (N=15,365) were selected from a deidentified adult clinical outpatient database. Participants were divided into those with diagnosed brain trauma (n=6,736, 65.5% male, Mage=40.12, and 67.9% white) and those without diagnosed brain trauma (n=8,629, 57% male, Mage=39.74, and 63.5% white). Those with comorbid diagnosis were included. Groups differed significantly for gender (χ2(1)=118.322) and race (χ2(15)=47.994). ANCOVAs were utilized to test the difference between groups on rCBF during a concentration task controlling for significant covariates.
Results: Individuals with diagnosed brain trauma had significantly lower levels of rCBF in the left limbic region F(1,15365)=10.510, p=.001; frontal regions [left F(1,15365)=29.487, p&lt;.001; right F(1, 15365)= 12.399, p&lt;.001]; motor sensory regions [left F(1, 15365)= 15.286, p&lt;.001; right F(1,15365)=11.485, p&lt;.00] during the concentration task. Individuals with diagnosed brain trauma had significantly higher levels of rCBF in the cerebellum regions [left F(1,15365)=14.413, p&lt;.001; right F(1,15365)=13.139, p&lt;.001]; occipital regions [left F(1,15365)=7.388, p=.007; right F(1,15365)=8.074, p=.004] during the concentration task. No significant differences existed in right limbic region, the basal ganglia, parietal regions, temporal regions, nor vermis.
Conclusions: Individuals with brain trauma exhibited lower rCBF in frontal, motor, and left limbic regions. Lower rCBF in these regions are associated with an increase in difficulties with executive functioning, movement, planning, memory, sensory processing, and emotional regulation. Individuals with brain trauma may therefore struggle with aspects of daily living. Limitations include lack of information on mechanism of injury, location of injury, and time of injury and testing.
A-301 Differences in Regional Cerebral Blood Flow for Females and Males with Elevated Self-Reported PTSD Symptoms
Authors: Nunez Christina , Alshamsi Mohammed , Schapiro Stevie , McDonald Bailey , Golden Charles , Amen Daniel , Willeumier Kristen 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective: Females and males may differ in stress responses which suggests different brain reactivity between genders in PTSD. This study compares baseline regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) between females and males with elevated PTSD symptoms.
Method: Females [n = 383; Mage=37.51; white (65%)] and males [n=389; Mage=36.37; white (65%)] with elevated self-reported PTSD symptoms (2SD over the mean) were selected from a deidentified adult clinical outpatient database. No significant differences existed between genders for race or age. ANOVAs were utilized to test the difference between females and males’ baseline rCBF levels. Those with comorbid diagnosis were included. Alpha was set at .001.
Results: Females had significantly lower bilateral perfusion in the frontal [left: F(1,770)=17.173; right: F(1,770)=49.496], occipital [left: F(1,770)=88.897; right: F(1,770)=144.190], temporal [left: F(1,770)=11.594; right: F(1,770)=58.005], cerebellum [left: F(1,770)=121.549 right: F(1,770)=138.506] and right parietal lobe [F(1,770)=42.303]. Males had significantly lower bilateral perfusion in limbic system [left: F(1,770)=228.628; right: F(1,770)=211.896], basal ganglia [left: F(1,770)=234.383; right: F(1,770)=138.506], left motor sensory [F(1,770)=31.459], and vermis region of the brain [F(1,770)=51.637]. No differences were found in right motor sensory or left parietal regions.
Conclusion: Given the large effects males exhibited in the limbic and basal ganglion regions, males may struggle with emotional regulation, memory, and motor control due to dysfunction in these regions. Females may struggle with dizziness, aspects of executive functioning, processing language and emotions, and difficulty processing visual information due to depravation in the frontal, temporal, occipital and cerebellum regions. Limitations included lack of specificity to trauma and the utilization of a self-report measure to define PTSD symptoms.
A-308 Coached Malingering Detection: Validity of an Online Adaptation of the Portland Digit Recognition Test
Authors: Huston Chloe , Poreh Amir 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective: The prevalence of malingering following a personal injury is estimated to range from 1% (Hickling et al., 1999) to more than 50% (Resnick, 1997). Thus, it is imperative to have malingering measures that are well-validated (Janaski et al., 2011). Additionally, with the proliferation of telehealth and online neuropsychological assessment, a question is raised to whether the results of such measures are comparable to those used in person. Therefore, this study aimed to validate an online adaptation of the PDRT for detection of coached malingerers.
Methods: 282 participants were randomly assigned to the coached malingerers’ or control group and completed an online adaptation of the Portland Digit Recognition Test (PDRT). The coached malingerers’ group was instructed to perform as if they have a TBI and received a test-taking strategy. Sensitivity for the online PDRT were compared to in-person PDRT scores from published simulation studies (e.g. Rose et al., 1998; Gustad and Suhr, 2001).
Results: The online adaptation of the PDRT demonstrated a sensitivity of 94% when detecting coached malingerers. When compared to coached malingering detection rates of 47% and 25% from Rose et al. (1998) and Gustad and Suhr (2001), respectively, the online PDRT adaptation consistently had higher sensitivity.
Conclusions: These results helped demonstrate the validity of an online version of the PDRT for detection of coached malingering. When compared to the sensitivity of in-person PDRT scores, the online adaptation had higher sensitivity. Additional research and comparisons are needed to further validate the online version of the PDRT for detection of coached malingering.
A luciferase reporter assay for ecdysone agonists using HEK293T cells
Authors: Yokoi Taiyo , Nabe Taku , Ishizuka Chiharu , Hayashi Ken'ichiro , Ito-Harashima Sayoko , Yagi Takashi , Nakagawa Yoshiaki , Miyagawa Hisashi 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
Ecdysone agonists are a class of insecticides that activate the ecdysone receptor (EcR) heterodimerized with the ultraspiracle (USP). Here, we report a new luciferase reporter assay for ecdysone agonists. The assay employs mammalian HEK293T cells transiently transfected with the EcR and USP genes of Chilo suppressalis, along with the taiman (Tai) gene of Drosophila melanogaster that encodes a steroid receptor coactivator. This assay system gave results consistent with those of radioligand binding assays and showed sensitivity superior to that of the existing in vitro methods. In addition, use of the heterologous host cells precludes perturbation from intrinsic players of the ecdysone signaling, which is a potential drawback of insect cell-based methods. This reporter system is suitable for detailed structure-activity analysis of ecdysone agonists and will serve as a valuable tool for the rational design of novel insect growth regulators.
Clover: tree structure-based efficient DNA clustering for DNA-based data storage
Authors: Qu Guanjin , Yan Zihui , Wu Huaming 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-based data storage is a promising new storage technology which has the advantage of high storage capacity and long storage time compared with traditional storage media. However, the synthesis and sequencing process of DNA can randomly generate many types of errors, which makes it more difficult to cluster DNA sequences to recover DNA information. Currently, the available DNA clustering algorithms are targeted at DNA sequences in the biological domain, which not only cannot adapt to the characteristics of sequences in DNA storage, but also tend to be unacceptably time-consuming for billions of DNA sequences in DNA storage. In this paper, we propose an efficient DNA clustering method termed Clover for DNA storage with linear computational complexity and low memory. Clover avoids the computation of the Levenshtein distance by using a tree structure for interval-specific retrieval. We argue through theoretical proofs that Clover has standard linear computational complexity, low space complexity, etc. Experiments show that our method can cluster 10 million DNA sequences into 50 000 classes in 10 s and meet an accuracy rate of over 99%. Furthermore, we have successfully completed an unprecedented clustering of 10 billion DNA data on a single home computer and the time consumption still satisfies the linear relationship. Clover is freely available at https://github.com/Guanjinqu/Clover.
Correction of image distortion in large-field ssEM stitching by an unsupervised intermediate-space solving network
Authors: He Bintao , Zhang Yan , Zhang Fa , Han Renmin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Motivation
Serial-section electron microscopy (ssEM) is a powerful technique for cellular visualization, especially for large-scale specimens. Limited by the field of view, a megapixel image of whole-specimen is regularly captured by stitching several overlapping images. However, suffering from distortion by manual operations, lens distortion or electron impact, simple rigid transformations are not adequate for perfect mosaic generation. Non-linear deformation usually causes ‘ghosting’ phenomenon, especially with high magnification. To date, existing microscope image processing tools provide mature rigid stitching methods but have no idea with local distortion correction.

Results
In this article, following the development of unsupervised deep learning, we present a multi-scale network to predict the dense deformation fields of image pairs in ssEM and blend these images into a clear and seamless montage. The model is composed of two pyramidal backbones, sharing parameters and interacting with a set of registration modules, in which the pyramidal architecture could effectively capture large deformation according to multi-scale decomposition. A novel ‘intermediate-space solving’ paradigm is adopted in our model to treat inputted images equally and ensure nearly perfect stitching of the overlapping regions. Combining with the existing rigid transformation method, our model further improves the accuracy of sequential image stitching. Extensive experimental results well demonstrate the superiority of our method over the other traditional methods.

Availability and implementation
The code is available at https://github.com/HeracleBT/ssEM_stitching.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Newly Qualified Social Workers’ Careers: A Mix of Turbulence, Goals and Safety
Authors: Petersén Anna Charlotta 
Published: August 2022

AbstractExtensive job turnover is a pressing concern in social work. This article reports the result of a mixed-methods study with newly qualified social workers (NQSWs) about their experiences during their first five years in the profession. What career patterns can be discerned and what are the NQSWs’ motives for staying in or leaving a particular job? The theoretical point of departure is that careers must be understood from several interacting perspectives, as individual motives and objectives meet and interact with contextual conditions. The findings from interviews and a questionnaire indicate that most NQSWs have changed employment three to eight times during a five-year period. Most quit because of bad working conditions, although some changed jobs as part of an incremental development towards achieving a particular position. Three different types of careers are found: turbulent, goal-oriented, and safe careers. NQSWs are only partially rational regarding career decisions, and most decisions are made pragmatically, especially for those with turbulent careers, which most of the respondents experienced.
Speaker–listener neural coupling reveals a right-lateralized mechanism for non-native speech-in-noise comprehension
Authors: Li Zhuoran , Hong Bo , Wang Daifa , Nolte Guido , Engel Andreas K , Zhang Dan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWhile the increasingly globalized world has brought more and more demands for non-native language communication, the prevalence of background noise in everyday life poses a great challenge to non-native speech comprehension. The present study employed an interbrain approach based on functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to explore how people adapt to comprehend non-native speech information in noise. A group of Korean participants who acquired Chinese as their non-native language was invited to listen to Chinese narratives at 4 noise levels (no noise, 2 dB, −6 dB, and − 9 dB). These narratives were real-life stories spoken by native Chinese speakers. Processing of the non-native speech was associated with significant fNIRS-based listener–speaker neural couplings mainly over the right hemisphere at both the listener’s and the speaker’s sides. More importantly, the neural couplings from the listener’s right superior temporal gyrus, the right middle temporal gyrus, as well as the right postcentral gyrus were found to be positively correlated with their individual comprehension performance at the strongest noise level (−9 dB). These results provide interbrain evidence in support of the right-lateralized mechanism for non-native speech processing and suggest that both an auditory-based and a sensorimotor-based mechanism contributed to the non-native speech-in-noise comprehension.
Evolution and Transmission of Cefiderocol-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii During an Outbreak in the Burn Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Smoke Steven M , Brophy Alison , Reveron Samuel , Iovleva Alina , Kline Ellen G , Marano Michael , Miller Lincoln P , Shields Ryan K 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We report on 11 critically ill burn patients treated with cefiderocol for carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections. Clinical success was achieved in 36% and complicated by treatment-emergent resistance and interpatient transmission of cefiderocol-resistant A. baumannii. Resistant isolates harbored disrupted pirA and piuA genes that were not disrupted among susceptible isolates.
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Associated With Cytomegalovirus Infection: 5 Cases and a Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Chevalier Kevin , Schmidt Julien , Coppo Paul , Galicier Lionel , Noël Nicolas , Lambotte Olivier 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare, life-threatening disorder characterized by an uncontrolled, persistent, hyperimmune response. It can be triggered by an infectious, neoplastic, or autoimmune event. The involvement of cytomegalovirus (CMV) in the onset of HLH is subject to debate, and the epidemiology of CMV-associated HLH (HLH-CMV) remains poorly characterized. We identified 5 cases of HLH-CMV in our hospital, systematically searched the PubMed database for publications on HLH-CMV, and reviewed 57 publications with a total of 67 cases of HLH-CMV. Only 48 patients (71.6%) were immunodeficient, suggesting that HLH-CMV can occur in immunocompetent patients. The major cause of underlying immunodepression (51%) was inflammatory bowel disease (mainly treated with azathioprine). CMV infection was nearly always symptomatic, and lung involvement was frequent (31 cases). Fifty-five patients recovered. Nineteen patients were treated for CMV infection only and had a good outcome, suggesting that antiviral drugs might be the cornerstone of HLH-CMV treatment.
Long-term outcomes of peroral endoscopic myotomy for Chicago classification type I vs type III achalasia in treatment-naive patients
Authors: Xiang Jingyuan , Chai Ningli , Wang Shasha , Li Longsong , Wang Xiangyao , Linghu Enqiang 
Published: August 2022

Summary
The efficacy of peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) for achalasia has potential associations with Chicago classification by high-resolution manometry (HRM). Type II achalasia demonstrates the best response to POEM of all subtypes, while there remain controversies between type I and type III. Moreover, previous treatment history might cause discrepancy in direct comparison. We aimed to compare the clinical outcome of POEM for type I vs type III in treatment-naive patients. In total, 82 patients with type I or type III achalasia (45 type I, 37 type III) from February 2015 to December 2018 were enrolled and POEM was carried out as the initial treatment. Clinical success, change of Eckardt scores and HRM parameters were analyzed and compared between type I and type III group. About, 43 (95.6%) patients and 34 (91.9%) patients in type I and type III group acquired the clinical success (P = 0.821). Eckardt score and HRM results after POEM treatment decreased significantly in either group (P&lt;0.01). Compared to type III group, higher reduction rates of Eckardt score (type I vs type III, 78.6 vs 66.9%, P = 0.034) and basal LES pressure (type I vs type III, 58.9 vs 40.4%, P = 0.040) were observed in type I group. Type I achalasia patients showed better response to POEM with more favorable clinical remission in Eckardt score and HRM outcomes than type III.