bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metagenomic insights for antimicrobial resistance surveillance in soils with different land uses in Brazil
Authors: Ordine João Vitor Wagner , de Souza Gabrielle Messias , Tamasco Gustavo , Virgilio Stela , Fernandes Ana Flávia Tonelli , Silva-Rocha Rafael , Guazzaroni María-Eugenia 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAnthropization in terrestrial environments commonly leads to land use transformation, changing soil properties and their microbial communities. This, combined with the exacerbated use of antibiotics in human and animal health promotes the expansion of the soil resistome. Considering the urgent need for surveillance of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), we aimed to evaluate how different land practices (urban, farming and forest) can affect the soil resistome and the dynamics of their bacterial communities. We collected eight soil samples from different locations in the countryside of São Paulo (Brazil), assessed the community profiles based on 16S rRNA sequencing and analyzed the soil metagenomes based on shotgun sequencing. Our results highlight differences in the communities’ structure and their dynamics which were correlated with land practices. Additionally, differences were observed in the abundance and diversity of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and virulence factors (VFs) across studied soils, where a higher presence and homogeneity ofvanRO, mtrAandrbpAgenes were detected in livestock soils. We observed thatStaphylococcusandBacillusare positively correlated with each other and are markers for agricultural communities. Moreover, the abundance and diversity of ARGs and VFs observed in farming soils raises concerns regarding the potential spread of these genes in the environment. Together, our findings reinforce the importance and urgency of AMR surveillance in the environment, especially in soils undergoing deep land use transformations due to anthropic activity.
Long-term effects of THC exposure on reward learning and motivated behavior in adolescent and adult male rats
Authors: Halbout Briac , Hutson Collin , Hua Leann , Inshishian Victoria , Mahler Stephen V. , Ostlund Sean B. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRationaleThe endocannabinoid system makes critical contributions to reward processing, motivation, and behavioral control. Repeated exposure to THC or other cannabinoid drugs can cause persistent adaptions in the endocannabinoid system and associated neural circuitry. It remains unclear how such treatments affect the way rewards are processed and pursued.Objective and methodsWe examined if repeated THC exposure (5 mg/kg/day for 14 days) during adolescence or adulthood led to long-term changes in rats’ capacity to flexibly encode and use action-outcome associations for goal-directed decision making. Effects on hedonic feeding and progressive ratio responding were also assessed.ResultsTHC exposure had no effect on rats’ ability to flexibly select actions following reward devaluation. However, instrumental contingency degradation learning, which involves avoiding an action that is unnecessary for reward delivery, was augmented in rats with a history of adult but not adolescent THC exposure. THC-exposed rats also displayed more vigorous instrumental behavior in this study, suggesting a motivational enhancement. A separate experiment found that while THC exposure had no effect on hedonic feeding behavior, it increased rats’ willingness to work for food on a progressive ratio schedule, an effect that was more pronounced when THC was administered to adults. Adolescent and adult THC exposure had opposing effects on the CB1-receptor dependence of progressive ratio performance, decreasing and increasing sensitivity to rimonabant-induced behavioral suppression, respectively.ConclusionsOur findings reveal that exposure to a translationally relevant THC exposure regimen induces long-lasting, age-dependent alterations in cognitive and motivational processes that regulate the pursuit of rewards.
Microdissection and culturing of adult lateral entorhinal cortex layer II neurons from APP/PS1 Alzheimer model mice
Authors: Hanssen Katrine Sjaastad , Witter Menno P. , Sandvig Axel , Sandvig Ioanna , Kobro-Flatmoen Asgeir 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundPrimary neuronal cultures enable cell-biological studies of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), albeit typically non-neuron-specific. The first cortical neurons affected in AD reside in layer II of the lateralmost part of the entorhinal cortex, and they undergo early accumulation of intracellular amyloid-β, form subsequent tau pathology, and start degenerating pre-symptomatically. These vulnerable entorhinal neurons uniquely express the glycoprotein reelin and provide selective inputs to the hippocampal memory system. Gaining a more direct access to study these neurons is therefore highly relevant.New methodWe demonstrate a methodological approach for microdissection and long-term culturing of adult lateral entorhinal layer II-neurons from AD-model mice.ResultsWe maintain adult microdissected lateralmost entorhinal layer II-neurons beyond two months in culture. We show that they express neuronal markers, and that they are electrophysiologically active by 15 daysin vitroand continuing beyond 2 months.Comparison with existing methodsPrimary neurons are typically harvested from embryonic or early postnatal brains because such neurons are easier to culture compared to adult neurons. Methods to culture adult primary neurons have been reported, however, to our knowledge, culturing of adult entorhinal subregion-specific primary neurons from AD-model animals has not been reported.ConclusionsOur methodological approach offers a window to study initial pathological changes in the AD disease-cascade. This includes the study of proteinopathy, single-neuron changes, and network-level dysfunction.HighlightsWe microdissect and culture neurons from layer II of the lateralmost part of the entorhinal cortex from adult AD model mice and littermate controlsThese entorhinal neurons self-organize into networks, express reelin, NeuN and intracellular amyloid-β.The neurons are electrophysiologically active by day 15 in culture and remain viable beyond two months.
Interaction with single-stranded DNA-binding protein modulatesEscherichia coliRadD DNA repair activities
Authors: Garcia Miguel A. Osorio , Wood Elizabeth A. , Keck James L. , Cox Michael M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe bacterial RadD enzyme is important for multiple genome maintenance pathways, including RecA DNA strand exchange and RecA-independent suppression of DNA crossover template switching. However, much remains unknown about the precise roles of RadD. One potential clue into RadD mechanisms is its direct interaction with the single-stranded DNA binding protein (SSB), which coats single-stranded DNA exposed during genome maintenance reactions in cells. Interaction with SSB stimulates the ATPase activity of RadD. To probe the mechanism and importance of RadD/SSB complex formation, we identified a pocket on RadD that is essential for binding SSB. In a mechanism shared with many other SSB-interacting proteins, RadD uses a hydrophobic pocket framed by basic residues to bind the C-terminal end of SSB. RadD variants that substitute acidic residues for basic residues in the SSB binding site impair RadD/SSB complex formation and eliminate SSB stimulation of RadD ATPase activityin vitro. MutantE. colistrains carrying charge reversalradDchanges display increased sensitivity to DNA damaging agents synergistically with deletions ofradAandrecG, although the phenotypes of the SSB-bindingradDmutants are not as severe a fullradDdeletion. This suggests that RadD has multiple functions in the cell, with a subset requiring the interaction with SSB.
Distinct adaptations of endocrine and cognitive functions may contribute to high variability in long-term weight loss outcome after bariatric surgery
Authors: Lammert Mathis , Medawar Evelyn , Hartmann Hendrik , Grasser Linda , Dietrich Arne , Fenske Wiebke , Horstmann Annette 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundBariatric surgery has been widely recognized as the most efficient long-term treatment method in severe obesity, yet therapy success shows considerable interindividual variability. Postoperative metabolic adaptations, including improved gut hormone secretion (GLP-1, PYY and ghrelin), and restored executive function may play an explanatory role in weight loss, yet causes for poor success in individual patients remain unknown. This study investigates gut-hormonal and cognitive characteristics in extreme weight loss responders to bariatric surgery.MethodsPatients (n=47) with high or low excessive weight loss (EWL) at least 2 years after Roux-en-Y-gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy were allocated into good responders (GR, EWL 82.4 ± 11.6%) and poor responders (PR, EWL 24.0 ±SD12.8%) to study differences in postprandial secretion of GLP-1, PYY, ghrelin and in working memory (WM).ResultsMean BMI was 47.1 ± 6.2 kg/m2in poor responders (n=21) and 28.9 ± 3.1 kg/m2in good responders (n=26,p< 0.001). Fasted GLP-1 and PYY were comparable for GR and PR (p> 0.2) and increased strongly after a standardized test meal (300 kcal liquid meal) with a peak at 15 to 30 minutes. The increase was stronger in GR compared to PR (GLP-1, PYY:TimexGroup p< 0.05). Plasma ghrelin levels already differed between groups at fasted state, showing significantly higher levels for GR (p< 0.05). Postprandially, ghrelin secretion was suppressed in both groups, but suppression was higher in GR (TimexGroup p< 0.05). GR showed significantly higher WM scores than PR (p< 0.05). Postprandial ghrelin (iAUC), but not GLP-1 or PYY release, significantly mediated the relationship between EWL and a WM subscore (IS score, CI = 0.07 - 1.68), but not WM main score (MIS score, CI = −0.07 - 1.54).ConclusionExcess weight loss success after bariatric surgical procedures is associated with distinct profiles of gut-hormones at fasted and postprandial state, and differences in working memory. Working memory performance was partly mediated by postprandial incremental drops in ghrelin. Future studies need to integrate longitudinal data, larger samples and more sensitive cognitive tests.HighlightsFasted and postprandial gut hormone release differs between good and poor surgery respondersGood responders show higher working memory performancePostprandial ghrelin dynamics mediate the relationship between excessive weight loss and a subscore of working memory performanceLongitudinal data are needed to investigate the gut-brain interactions with regard to cognitive functions after bariatric surgery
Total scattering measurements at the Australian Synchrotron Powder Diffraction beamline: capabilities and limitations
Authors: D'Angelo Anita M. , Brand Helen E. A. , Mitchell Valerie D. , Hamilton Jessica L. , Oldfield Daniel , Liu Amelia C. Y. , Gu Qinfen 
Published: December 2022

This study describes the capabilities and limitations of carrying out total scattering experiments on the Powder Diffraction (PD) beamline at the Australian Synchrotron, ANSTO. A maximum instrument momentum transfer of 19 Å−1 can be achieved if the data are collected at 21 keV. The results detail how the pair distribution function (PDF) is affected by Q
max, absorption and counting time duration at the PD beamline, and refined structural parameters exemplify how the PDF is affected by these parameters. There are considerations when performing total scattering experiments at the PD beamline, including (1) samples need to be stable during data collection, (2) highly absorbing samples with a μR > 1 always require dilution and (3) only correlation length differences >0.35 Å may be resolved. A case study comparing the PDF atom–atom correlation lengths with EXAFS-derived radial distances of Ni and Pt nanocrystals is also presented, which shows good agreement between the two techniques. The results here can be used as a guide for researchers considering total scattering experiments at the PD beamline or similarly setup beamlines.
Spatial variation of the determinants affecting urban land value in Thiruvananthapuram, India
Authors: Binoy B.V. , Naseer M.A. , Anil Kumar P.P. 
Published: December 2022

Purpose
Land value varies at a micro level depending on the location’s economic, geographical and political determinants. The purpose of this study is to present a comprehensive assessment of the determinants affecting land value in the Indian city of Thiruvananthapuram in the state of Kerala.

Design/methodology/approach
The global influence of the identified 20 explanatory variables on land value is measured using the traditional hedonic price modeling approach. The localized spatial variations of the influencing parameters are examined using the non-parametric regression method, geographically weighted regression. This study used advertised land value prices collected from Web sources and screened through field surveys.

Findings
Global regression results indicate that access to transportation facilities, commercial establishments, crime sources, wetland classification and disaster history has the strongest influence on land value in the study area. Local regression results demonstrate that the factors influencing land value are not stationary in the study area. Most variables have a different influence in Kazhakootam and the residential areas than in the central business district region.

Originality/value
This study confirms findings from previous studies and provides additional evidence in the spatial dynamics of land value creation. It is to be noted that advanced modeling approaches used in the research have not received much attention in Indian property valuation studies. The outcomes of this study have important implications for the property value fixation of urban Kerala. The regional variation of land value within an urban agglomeration shows the need for a localized method for land value calculation.
Corona-phobia violated human rights? Impact of COVID-19 on patient’s well-being
Authors: Amin Saqib , Mehmood Waqas , Aman-Ullah Attia , Khan Mujahid Ameen 
Published: December 2022

Purpose
This study aims to measure whether admittance in the quarantine ward due to COVID-19 can affect one’s mental health. Nowadays, many countries worldwide are battling with the threat of the COVID-19 contagion, and it is difficult to understand how the pandemic leaves psychological impacts on one’s well-being.

Design/methodology/approach
This research used qualitative and quantitative approaches to assess the psychological impacts of quarantine due to COVID-19. Population of the present study were 250 patients who were admitted in quarantine centres of Pakistan. The data analysis was conducted through univariate analysis using (ANVOVA) software.

Findings
This study found that patients who were quarantined due to the COVID-19 infection displayed multiple psychological symptoms such as a lack of self-control, anxiety, low general health and vitality, depression and negative well-being.

Practical implications
There is an urgency to provide psychological treatments to each afflicted person and their family members to establish a healthy community.

Originality/value
This research investigates whether admittance in the quarantine ward due to COVID-19 can affect mental health in Pakistan.
Serum sodium level is inversely associated with new‐onset diabetes in hypertensive patients
Authors: Cheng Qi , Liu Xiaocong , Cai Anping , Zhou Dan , Huang Yuqing , Feng Yingqing 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundSerum sodium level is associated with cardiovascular and endocrine health. Though decreased serum sodium is considered to be associated with reduced hypertension risk, some studies also found that it may increase the risk of diabetes. This study aimed to investigate the association of serum sodium with new‐onset diabetes in hypertensive patients.MethodsBased on the annual health examinations from 2011 to 2016 in Dongguan City, Guangdong, China, hypertensive patients without diabetes at baseline were selected. Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline were used to evaluate the association between serum sodium level and new‐onset diabetes. Subgroup analysis was also conducted.ResultsA total of 4438 hypertensive patients with a mean age of 58.65 years were included, of whom 48.9% were male. During a median follow‐up of 35.1 months, 617 (13.9%) of the subjects developed new‐onset diabetes. Per 1‐SD (3.39 mmol/L) increment of serum sodium was associated with a 14% lower risk of new‐onset diabetes (odds ratio = 0.86; 95% CI: 0.78, 0.97; p = 0.01). The lowest quartile of serum sodium was associated with the lowest diabetes risk. The restricted cubic spline showed a linear inverse relationship (nonlinear p = 0.72). Across all the subgroups, the inverse association was consistent (p for interaction >0.05).ConclusionAn inverse association of serum sodium with new‐onset diabetes in hypertensive patients was observed.
Ultrasound‐guided thermal ablation for papillary thyroid microcarcinoma: A systematic review
Authors: Chen Zhiguang , Zhang Wei , He Wen 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveThyroidectomy is the first‐line treatment for papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC), but often involves aggressive overtreatment. Thermal ablation (TA) has been gradually used for the treatment of recurrent PTMC. However, it is not recommended for the treatment of primary PTMC according to the Korean and Italian guidelines. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to analyse the indications, efficacy, and safety of TA in the treatment of PTMC.DesignSystematic review.Patients and MeasurementsA search strategy was developed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses statement. A total of 27 articles were included in this study until January 2022.ResultsAccording to current guidelines and studies, we divided the indications of TA for PTMC into six primary and three secondary indications. Laser ablation (LA) has the advantages of a small needle, accurate output energy and precision ablation, and it is safe to important organs around the lesion. The patients recover quickly after radiofrequency ablation (RFA), with no major complications, recurrence, or lymph node metastasis. The volume reduction rate after RFA was the highest, followed by microwave ablation and LA, and the improvement in patient quality of life after TA was significantly better than after thyroidectomy.ConclusionsTA is an effective alternative method for surgery in the treatment of low‐risk PTMC and has the advantages of being minimally invasive, economical, having less bleeding and having a high postoperative quality of life.
A deep ensemble network model for classifying and predicting breast cancer
Authors: Subramanian Arul Antran Vijay , Venugopal Jothi Prakash 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBreast cancer is one of the leading causes of death among women worldwide. In most cases, the misinterpretation of medical diagnosis plays a vital role in increased fatality rates due to breast cancer. Breast cancer can be diagnosed by classifying tumors. There are two different types of tumors, such as malignant and benign tumors. Identifying the type of tumor is a tedious task, even for experts. Hence, an automated diagnosis is necessary. The role of machine learning in medical diagnosis is eminent as it provides more accurate results in classifying and predicting diseases. In this paper, we propose a deep ensemble network (DEN) method for classifying and predicting breast cancer. This method uses a stacked convolutional neural network, artificial neural network and recurrent neural network as the base classifiers in the ensemble. The random forest algorithm is used as the meta‐learner for providing the final prediction. Experimental results show that the proposed DEN technique outperforms all the existing approaches in terms of accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, F‐score and area under the curve (AUC) measures. The analysis of variance test proves that the proposed DEN model is statistically more significant than the other existing classification models; thus, the proposed approach may aid in the early detection and diagnosis of breast cancer in women, hence aiding in the development of early treatment techniques to increase survival rate.
Digital Module 30: Validity and Educational Testing: Purposes and Uses of Educational Tests
Authors: Lewis Jennifer , Sireci Stephen G. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis module is designed for educators, educational researchers, and psychometricians who would like to develop an understanding of the basic concepts of validity theory, test validation, and documenting a “validity argument.” It also describes how an in‐depth understanding of the purposes and uses of educational tests sets the foundation for validation. We describe the benefits and limitations of educational tests, the concept of validity and why it is important, and the types of validity evidence that should be used to support the use of a test for a particular purpose. We also discuss the need for assessment programs to provide such evidence and how it should be interpreted and documented to use educational assessments to best serve education.
Does the ketogenic ratio matter when using ketogenic diet therapy in pediatric epilepsy?
Authors: Sharma Suvasini , Whitney Robyn , Kossoff Eric H. , RamachandranNair Rajesh 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe ketogenic diet (KD) is a widely used therapeutic option for individuals with medically refractory epilepsy. As the diet's name implies, ketosis is a historically important component of the diet, but it is not well understood how important ketosis is for seizure control. The ketogenic ratio is defined as the ratio of fat to carbohydrate plus protein by weight in the diet (grams). Traditionally, the classic KD contains a 4:1 ratio, and a very high proportion of fat in the diet. The classic KD, with its high proportion of fat and limited carbohydrate intake can be restrictive for patients with epilepsy. Recently, there is experience with use of lower ketogenic ratios and less‐restrictive diets such as the modified Atkins diet and the low glycemic index treatment. In this narrative review, we examine the role of ketosis and ketogenic ratios in determining the efficacy of the KD in children with epilepsy.
Particulate matter 2.5 induces the skin barrier dysfunction and cutaneous inflammation via AhR‐ and T helper 17 cell‐related genes in human skin tissue as identified via transcriptome analysis
Authors: Kim Han Bi , Choi Min Gyu , Chung Bo Young , Um Ji Young , Kim Jin Cheol , Park Chun Wook , Kim Hye One 
Published: December 2022

AbstractParticulate matter (PM2.5) is an environmental pollutant causing skin inflammatory diseases via epidermal barrier damage. However, the mechanism and related gene expression induced by PM2.5 remains unclear. Our aim was to determine the effect of PM2.5 on human skin tissue ex vivo, and elucidate the mechanism of T helper 17 cell‐related inflammatory cytokine and skin barrier function. We verified the expression levels of gene in PM2.5‐treated human skin tissue using Quantseq (3′ mRNA‐Seq), and Gene Ontology (GO) terms and protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks were performed. The PM2.5 treatment significantly enhanced the expression of Th 1, 2, 17 and 22 cell‐related genes (cut‐off value: │1.2 │ > fold change and p < 0.05). Most of all, Th17 cell‐related genes are upregulated and those genes are associated with skin epidermal barrier function and Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a xenobiotic receptor, pathway. In human keratinocyte cell lines, AhR‐regulated genes (e.g. AhRR, CYP1A1, IL6 and IL36G), Th17 cell‐related genes (e.g. IL17C) and epidermal barrier–related genes (e.g. SPRR2A and KRT71) are significantly increased after PM2.5. In the protein level, the secretion of IL‐6 and IL‐36G was increased in human skin tissue following PM2.5 treatment, and the expression of SPRR2A and KRT71 was significantly increased. PM2.5 exposure could ruin the skin epidermal barrier function via AhR‐ and Th17 cell‐related inflammatory pathway.