bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of intravitreal injections for diabetic macular edema on intraocular pressure: Comparative study
Authors: Waly Mostafa 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Objective: The study's goal is to determine how IOP gets affected following intravitreal injection of various anti-VEGF for diabetic macular edema (DME) over 2 months duration using applanation tonometery.
Methods: Nominated patients coming through the ophthalmology department of Kafrelsheikh and Tanta university hospitals who meet the presence inclusion criteria. 36 eyes were examined, including their IOP. By using a 30 gauge needle, intravitreal injection of ranibizumab (0.5 mg/0.05 ml), intravitreal injection of aflibercept (2 mg/0.05 ml) and intravitreal injection of Dexamethazone implant (Ozurdex) were administered through 3.5 to 4 mm after limbus. Then next IOP interpretation was measured 1 week, 1 month and 2 months of intravitreal injections for each drug. IOPs were measured also earlier pre injection "baseline IOP". All pressures were measured using the applantation tonometry.
Results: 36 Patients received intravitreal injection once and followed up for 2 months. 18 males and 18 females, their ages ranged from 45-76 years (mean 59.59 years (. Diabetic retinopathy observed clinically to be clinically significant macular edema and was proved by OCT and central foveal thickness was assessed. After 1 week and 2 months of intravitreal injections of the three materials no significant difference was noted in the IOP values (P value with 0.868 and 0.246 respectively). IOP measurement after 1 month was significantly higher in eyes injected with Ozurdex compared with eyes injected with ranibizumab or aflibercept (P value with 0.032). IOP returned to the normal range in three groups over the next month without any medical treatment. According to our study, the result of stratification with respect to age, and gender is not significant as p-value for age (0.893), gender (0.083).
Conclusion: In our study, frequency of raised IOP after anti VEGF were found more with Ozurdex than ranibizumab and aflibercept and that was more statistically significant after 1 month post injection. Though even without treatment IOP returns to normal within 2 months indicating Ozurdex safety as trustworthy antivegf theraby for resistant DME. Intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF drugs may have significant side effects so appropriate post-injection observation is crucial to reduce risk.
Human visceral leishmaniasis in Pernambuco-Brazil: a descriptive study, 2015 to 2020
Authors: Macena Leylyane da Silva , Pascoal Suedja Maria , Germinio Josefa Elaine Silva , Correia Bárbara Virgínia Mendonça da Silva 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Introduction: Leishmaniasis is a systemic pathology caused by a parasite of the genres Leishmaniawhich Dogs are the main disease reservoir. The main parasite form of transmission in Brazil is through Lutzomyia longipalpis female bite.
Objective: The objective of this work is assessing the epidemiological profile of the VL in Pernambuco from 2015 to 2020.
Method: It is an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, and retrospective from secondary data about LV rates in Pernambuco. Data were collected from DATASUS, SINAN and IBGE all Brazilian official systems.
Results: Pernambuco, located in Northeast region of Brazil presented high rates of Leishmaniasis more distribution in the backwoods of the state. Notification index of the state in the studied period were 175, 118, 185, 200, 181 and 113 respectively for each year from 2015 to 2020. In 2016 there was a reduction of 32% in cases in relation to 2015. In contrast, there was a significant increase in subsequent years 56.8%, 8,1%, 9,5% but in 2020 there was the smallest number of cases already notified, a decreasing of 37.6%. The mortality average of VL in the state of Pernambuco between 2015 and 2020 was 8.1%. Co-infection of the VL with HIV revealed an increase over the years.
Conclusion: The incidence of Co-infected patients with Visceral Leishmaniasis and HIV is a worrying factor. Also, sanitation is the main measure to reduce several neglected diseases, for that reason the development of social actions to raise awareness against the disease in all aspects are essential.
AI lead Supply Chain Optimization in Food Industry
Authors: pandey Sonal 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
There is no bigger industry on our planet than food and agriculture. In fact, the World Bank estimates that food and agriculture comprise about 10% of the global GDP (Gross Domestic Product). Despite a huge customer base, the food industry is facing unprecedented challenges in production, demand and regulations stemming from consumer trends. Due to the involvement of humans, the food industries are failing to maintain the demand-supply chain and lacking in food safety. To overcome these issues in food industries, industrial automation is the best possible solution. Automation is completely based on artificial intelligence (AI) or machine learning (ML) or deep learning (DL) algorithms. Artificial intelligence with data science can improve the quality of restaurants, cafes, online delivery food chains, hotels, and food outlets by increasing production by utilizing different algorithms for sales prediction. Artificial intelligence (AI), a radical concept developed by computer scientists in the 1950s, has tremendous applications in our daily lives. Artificial intelligence aims to learn human cognitive abilities and eventually surpass them. Currently, most AI models rely on deep neural networks, inspired by the human brain, which takes in a lot of raw data and expects results and learns the relationship between the two. The Global AI in the Supply chain market reached USD 5,610.8 Million in 2021a across the globe. Increasing attention to artificial intelligence, large statistics, analytics, and a widening scope are all driving AI growth in the supply chain market globally. Every autonomous and semi-autonomous program implements computer vision. There are several players operating in the global AI supply chain market, including FedEx, McLane Company, DHL, Amazon, CSX, XPO Logistics, C.H, and others. The machine learning segment accounted for the largest share of the global AI in the supply chain market. I tried to find these answers through my research article. • Importance of AI and how will impact in Supply chain in the mid-and long-term? • What are the ubiquitous movements in AI in the Supply chain? • What are the key strategies adopted by leading companies For AI in Supply chain logistics? • How the implementation of AI can make the Supply chain more efficient? To answer all these questions, I use secondary data and reports from various government agencies and did SWOT analyses to check where we can implement AI in supply chain optimization.
A New Covariance Estimator for Sufficient Dimension Reduction in High-Dimensional and Undersized Sample Problems
Authors: Olorede Kabir , Yahya Waheed 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The application of standard-sufficient dimension reduction (SDR) methods for reducing the dimension space of predictors without losing regression information requires inverting the covariance matrix of the predictors. This requirement has plagued their success in high-dimensional data analysis. We propose a unified regression-type estimation strategy, which replaces the degenerate maximum likelihood covariance matrix with a new covariance estimator called Maximum Entropy Covariance (MEC) estimator at the dimension reduction step to produce accurate solutions. The MEC deals directly with singularity and instability of sample group covariance estimates and addresses loss of covariance information in the high-dimensional SDR applications using Maximum Entropy (ME) principle for the first time. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed MEC-SDR methods using real-life Leukemia cancer and customers' electricity load profiles from smart meter data sets.
ASTCOQ02, a natural telomerase activator, lengthens telomeres in humans in a middle-aged population
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
Authors: Jaeger de , Kruiskamp  , Voronska  , Lamberti  , Baramki  , Beaudeux  , Cherin  
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Telomeres are ribonucleoprotein structures that form a protective buffer at the ends of chromosomes and thus maintain genomic integrity during the cell cycle. Replicative telomere erosion can be compensated by a telomerase. Average telomeres size decreases with age and associated with aging-related diseases such as cancer and cardio-vascular disease. We previously reported that ASTCOQ02 (an Astragalus extract that contains astragaloside IV and cycloastragenol), a telomerase activator showed benefit in an open prospective study on telomere size and cardiovascular impact in healthy volunteers. Here we performed a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial over 6 months comparing the effect of ASTCOQ02 versus placebo on telomere length (TL) in 40 healthy volunteers (mean age 56.1 ± 6.0 years). Twenty subjects received ASTCOQ02 and 20 received placebo capsules. All 40 subjects completed the study with no adverse side effects reported at 6 months. Subjects taking ASTCOQ02 had significantly longer median (P = 0.01) and short TL (P = 0.004) and a lower percentage of short telomeres over the 6 months period whereas placebo group TL remained unchanged. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial confirmed that ASTCOQ02 significantly lengthens both median and short telomeres by increasing telomerase activity, and reduces the percentage of short telomere (< 3 Kbp) in a statistically and possibly clinically significant manner. The results of this study also converge with the previous open prospective trial that found zero toxicity associated with intake of ASTCOQ02. ASTCOQ02 warrants further human studies on health, longer life expectancy and healthy aging.
A la recherche des critères du contrat de travail. Réflexion à partir des arrêts Uber du 30 mai 2022
Authors: Witzig Aurélien 
Published: October 2022

Le Tribunal fédéral a rendu récemment deux arrêts dans des affaires concernant l'entreprise numérique Uber. Il s'agissait de déterminer si les prestataires de la plateforme devaient être qualifiés de travailleurs salariés ou d'indépendants. La Haute cour a tranché en faveur de la première possibilité, dans la lignée des évolutions jurisprudentielles actuelles. La présente contribution tente de tirer les conséquences de la clarification désormais apportée, en s'interrogeant plus largement sur le cadre méthodologique le plus adéquat pour la recherche des critères du contrat du travail et sur le choix de tels critères, en droit positif. Nous arrivons à la conclusion que le mixte pragmatique actuellement mis en œuvre par la jurisprudence a vocation à produire ses effets dans le cadre de l'économie numérique, et nous proposons une définition conceptuelle du droit du travail comme le droit visant à protéger les personnes qui mettent leur force de travail à disposition de l'entreprise d'autrui dans des circonstances où diverses protections doivent, selon la conception sociale qui a cours, leur être accordées.
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Das Bundesgericht fällte kürzlich zwei Urteile in Fällen rund um das digitale Unternehmen Uber. Dabei ging es um die Frage, ob die über die Plattform vermittelten Fahrerinnen und Fahrer als Arbeitnehmende oder als Selbstständige einzustufen sind. Das Gericht entschied zugunsten der ersten Variante und folgte damit den aktuellen Entwicklungen in der Rechtsprechung. Der vorliegende Beitrag versucht, die Konsequenzen aus der nunmehr erfolgten Klärung zu ziehen, indem er sich eingehender mit der Frage befasst, welcher methodische Rahmen für die Suche nach den Kriterien des Arbeitsvertrags und die Wahl solcher Kriterien im positiven Recht am besten geeignet ist. Wir kommen zum Schluss, dass die pragmatische Mischung, die derzeit von der Rechtsprechung angewandt wird, auch im Rahmen der digitalen Wirtschaft Wirkung zeigen wird, und schlagen eine konzeptionelle Definition des Arbeitsrechts als Recht zum Schutz von Personen vor, die ihre Arbeitskraft einem Unternehmen unter Umständen zur Verfügung stellen, unter denen ihnen nach der herrschenden gesellschaftlichen Auffassung verschiedene Schutzmechanismen gewährt werden müssen.
Emotional Contagion Scale and Mental Health Status during the First Wave of COVID-19 Pandemic, National Assessment
Authors: Amer Samar A. , Abd-Ellatif Eman Elsayed , Hughes Peter , Al-Enazi Hadi Mahdi Ghazai , AlHasan Ahmed , Amer Mostafa A. , Alruhaimi Asma Faleh , Elsayed Mohamed 
Published: October 2022

Background:
This great pandemic of COVID-19 has been a unique stressor that affected all communities in 2020. This study aims to examine the prevalence of anxiety and depression due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia and to study the emotional cognition scale in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methodology:
A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 857 inhabitants randomly selected from the 13 administrative regions of Saudi Arabia, using a validated self-administrated questionnaire comprising six sections. The collected data were summarized and analyzed.

Results:
Among the majority of the studied participants, 377 (44.0%) were aged from 35 to less than 50 y. There were 489 (57.1%) females and 368 (42.9%) males, 616 (71.9%) Saudi nationals, 715 (83.4%) university-educated or postgraduate, 619 (72.2%) unmarried and 238 (27.8%) married, and 663 (77.4%) living in areas under partial lockdown. The resultant elevated total depression score was statistically significant (p<0.05) for the following: participants younger than 35y, females, Saudis, those with lower education levels, those who were married, students, those with work suspension during the COVID-19 pandemic, and amongst those who experienced complete lockdown. Among the majority of the studied participants, 355 (41.2%) showed mild depression, and 281(32.6) showed moderate anxiety, and were in the growth zone. In addition, the elevated total anxiety score was statistically significant (p<0.05) amongst the following; younger participants, females, Saudi nationals, those with lower educational levels, those who were unmarried, students, those with telework, and those with no curfew.

Conclusion:
The adverse mental health effects were more prevalent among particular groups of the population, such as females, adults under 35 years old, students, those with lower educational attainments, and those suffering from chronic illnesses. Anxiety was significantly correlated with depression. The practice of preventive measures, e.g., wearing masks, and social distancing to prevent the spread of COVID-19, may have had psychological benefits during the pandemic.

Summary:
We assessed the mental health status in Saudi Arabia during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Mild depression and moderate anxiety were prevalent problems, with many determinants and interrelations. Fear was the most infectious emotion, while happiness was the highest.
fantasmas industriales del pasado y una aproximación a la dimensión pragmática de la semiosis: caso fábrica de Cerveza Pilsen Trujillo, La Libertad, Perú
Authors: Velásquez García Juan , Moya Avalos Willman , Rodriguez Mogollón Carlos 
Published: October 2022

El objetivo de esta investigación fue develar los valores del patrimonio industrial, caso de la Fábrica de Cerveza Pilsen Trujillo en la Libertad Perú, desde la perspectiva de la dimensión pragmática de la semiosis. Actualmente, en Perú los edificios industriales son ignorados por las instituciones encargadas del patrimonio cultural.
Esta investigación fue cualitativa porque se trató de descubrir significados culturales pertenecientes al patrimonio cultural industrial desde la perspectiva de los usuarios.
Finalmente, por las evidencias, se concluyó que los objetos patrimoniales, como la Fábrica de Cerveza Pilsen Trujillo, tienen atributos comunicacionales, por tanto, la semiosis está presente en ellos, especialmente la pragmática, porque un bien patrimonial solamente se puede entender cuando este tiene relación con los usuarios.
Safety and Efficacy of Belimumab in Patients with Lupus Nephritis
Authors: Furie Richard , Rovin Brad H. , Houssiau Frédéric , Contreras Gabriel , Teng Y.K. Onno , Curtis Paula , Green Yulia , Okily Mohamed , Madan Anuradha , Roth David A. 
Published: October 2022

Background and objectives
In the BLISS-LN study, belimumab improved kidney outcomes in adult patients with active lupus nephritis. This 28-week open-label extension of BLISS-LN assessed belimumab’s safety and efficacy.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
Eligible patients completing BLISS-LN received monthly intravenous belimumab 10 mg/kg plus standard therapy. End points included safety, open-label week 28 primary efficacy renal response (urine protein-creatinine ratio [UPCR] ≤0.7, eGFR no more than 20% below open-label baseline value or ≥60 ml/min per 1.73 m2, no prohibited medications) and complete renal response (UPCR <0.5, eGFR no more than 10% below open-label baseline value or ≥90 ml/min per 1.73 m2, no prohibited medications), and UPCR and eGFR by visit. Responses were also analyzed post hoc using the double-blind phase criteria.

Results
Of 257 enrolled patients, 255 were treated (safety population: n=123 switched from placebo-to-belimumab; n=132 remained on belimumab); 245 (97%) patients completed the study. Adverse events and serious adverse events were experienced by 62% and 4% of placebo-to-belimumab patients, respectively, and by 70% and 8% of belimumab-to-belimumab patients, respectively. One death occurred in the placebo-to-belimumab group. From open-label baseline to week 28, increases occurred in the proportions of patients achieving primary efficacy renal response (placebo-to-belimumab: from 60% to 67%; belimumab-to-belimumab: from 70% to 75%) and complete renal response (placebo-to-belimumab: from 36% to 48%; belimumab-to-belimumab: from 48% to 62%). Based on double-blind phase criteria, changes also occurred in the proportions achieving primary efficacy renal response (placebo-to-belimumab: from 54% to 53%; belimumab-to-belimumab: from 66% to 52%) and complete renal response (placebo-to-belimumab: from 34% to 35%; belimumab-to-belimumab: from 46% to 41%). The seeming decrease in response rates in the belimumab-to-belimumab groups was attributed to discontinuations/administration of glucocorticoids for non-SLE reasons as opposed to nephritis. Median UPCR and eGFR values were similar at open-label baseline and week 28.

Conclusions
No new safety signals were identified, and efficacy was generally maintained throughout the open-label phase.

Clinical Trial registry name and registration number:
BLISS-LN, NCT01639339
Experimentos en el aula para la demostración de los fenómenos de fluorescencia, fosforescencia y quimioluminiscencia
Authors: Amaya Vesga Álvaro Andrés , Gómez Tarazona Raúl Armando , Mendoza Castellanos Yeisson Ricardo , Carvajal Grimaldos Astrid Carolina 
Published: October 2022

En el presente trabajo se lleva a cabo la explicación de diversos experimentos para la demostración didáctica de los fenómenos de fluorescencia, fosforescencia y quimioluminiscencia, empleando materiales de bajo costo y asequibles. Para el caso de la fluorescencia se dispuso de 3 experimentos, los cuales estaban basados en la fluorescencia de fluoresceína, cúrcuma y clorofila. Para la demostración de la fosforescencia se dispuso de un material comercial fosforescente con alto rendimiento cuántico. Finalmente, para el fenómeno de quimioluminiscencia, se dispuso de barras de luz de emergencia, las cuales contienen dos soluciones que, al mezclarse, reaccionan emitiendo luz.

cia se dispuso de un material comercial fosforescente con alto rendimiento cuántico. Finalmente, para el fenómeno de quimioluminiscencia, se dispuso de barras de luz de emergencia, las cuales contienen dos soluciones que, al mezclarse, reaccionan emitiendo luz.

e fluorescencia, fosforescencia y quimioluminiscencia, empleando materiales de bajo costo y asequibles. Para el caso de la fluorescencia se dispuso de 3 experimentos, los cuales estaban basados en la fluorescencia de fluoresceína, cúrcuma y clorofila. Para la demostración de la fosforescencia se dispuso de un material comercial fosforescente con alto rendimiento cuántico. Finalmente, para el fenómeno de quimioluminiscencia, se dispuso de barras de luz de emergencia, las cuales contienen dos soluciones que, al mezclarse, reaccionan emitiendo luz.
Plan of Kalisz by Andrzej Politalski from 1785 – a source edition in the Polish Historic Towns Atlas
Authors: Panecki Tomasz 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The plan of Kalisz by Andrzej Politalski is the oldest geometrically accurate depiction of the town. Compiled in 1785, it has survived to this day in a redrawing by Ottomar Wolle in 1878 at the scale of 1:3,000. The author discusses the process of developing the edition of Politalski’s plan for the “Kalisz” volume of the Historic Towns Atlas (HTA) and compares it with editions in other volumes. The most recent (2021) volumes developed in three different centres were chosen as comparative material: Biecz volume (Kraków); Fordon, 2nd edition (Toruń); and Racibórz (Wrocław). Each volume adopts different editorial rules, although, in general, they conform to the overarching principles of redrawing a map at the scale of 1:2,500. The differences touch on virtually all aspects (source material, scope of content, non-cartographic elements), but they are united by the aforementioned common scale and purpose. Developing the edition of Politalski’s plan was preceded by genetic analysis and the identification of filiation of its remaining copies. The original (1785) has not survived, nor has the first redrawing (1800). We only have a redrawing by Wolle (1878), which was the basis for the development of the plan for the HTA. In addition to this, we also have several other less significant versions. Politalski’s plan was georeferenced, its content was vectorised, and cartographical representation was created. The result has been put together with selected editions elaborated to date. A distinctive feature of the work on the “Kalisz” volume is the use of a redrawing of the original as a source plan, as it is – in fact – its historical edition. The author also draws attention to the issues of standardisation of data models and, consequently, of legends between particular volumes.