bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mortality of older persons with and without abnormalities in the physical examination of arterial system
Authors: Królczyk Jarosław , Piotrowicz Karolina , Skalska Anna , Mossakowska Małgorzata , Grodzicki Tomasz , Gąsowski Jerzy 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Ankle-brachial index (ABI) is a screening tool for peripheral arterial disease (PAD). However, persons with normal ABI may still exhibit abnormalities in the physical examination of arterial system (PHEA).

Objective
In older persons from the PolSenior study, we aimed to assess the risk of total mortality associated with abnormalities in PHEA in the context of dichotomised ABI.

Methods
We used data from the PolSenior survey and matched them with mortality information from the Polish Census Bureau. We obtained sociodemographic, medical history, and lifestyle data. The PHEA by a geriatrician included carotid, femoral, popliteal, posterior tibial and the dorsalis pedis arterial pulses, and auscultation of aorta, carotid, femoral, and renal arteries. Ankle-brachial index was tibial to brachial SBP ratio. We plotted the stratified Kaplan–Meier curves and used Cox’s regression to assess the unadjusted and adjusted influence of PHEA result on time to death.

Results
The mean (standard deviation, SD) age of 852 persons (46.7% women) was 74.7 (10.6) years. In the ABI < 0.9 group, the PHEA was not associated with mortality. However, in the ABI ≥ 0.9 group, both in unadjusted and adjusted (RHR; 95% CI: 1.08; 1.02–1.16, p = 0.01) Cox regression, PHEA greater by 1 score was associated with mortality. Presence of 4 or more PHEA abnormalities was raising the risk in the ABI ≥ 0.9 group to the level associated with ABI < 0.9.

Conclusions
In the older persons with normal ABI, the greater number of abnormalities during physical examination of arteries may be indicative of higher risk of death.
Fetal Endocardial Valvular and Supravalvular Calcification as a Manifestation of Anti-Ro/SSA-La/SSB Antibody Mediated Cardiac Phenotype
Authors: Bhatia Sameer , Aggarwal Neeraj , Vaidya Ashima , Puri Ratna Dua 
Published: August 2022

AbstractNeonatal Lupus syndrome is caused by the placental transfer of maternal autoantibodies to the fetus. Maternal anti-SSA/Ro-SSB/La antibodies may result in congenital heart block in 1–2% of exposed fetuses. However, fetal valvular calcification is rarely reported. We report a 20 weeks fetus with multiple intracardiac calcifications, valvular calcification in the pulmonary valve and supravalvular calcification at the origin of the main pulmonary artery along with calcification in the chordae of mitral and tricuspid valve in a structurally normal heart. The mother was asymptomatic but strongly positive for anti-SSA/Ro-SSB/La antibodies. Fetal cardiac valvular calcification is an uncommon phenotype of neonatal lupus syndrome. It is important to suspect, recognize and screen for maternal autoimmune disorders even in the absence of congenital heart block.
Greener streets and behaviours, and green-eyed neighbours: a controlled study evaluating the impact of a sustainable urban drainage scheme in Wales on sustainability
Authors: McEwan Kirsten , Xenias Dimitrios , Hodgkinson Sarah , Hawkins Jemma , Clark Sam , Xing Yangang , Ellis Chris , Cripps Rosemary , Brown Jon , Titherington Ian 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis study assessed the impact of introducing a Sustainable Urban Drainage (SuDs) scheme to a socioeconomically deprived area, on residents buy-in and sustainable behaviours. Surveys were completed before the scheme was implemented by 180 residents (in affectedn = 79 and neighbouring streetsn = 101) and 1 year after the schemes completion by 51 residents. Following scheme completion, sustainable behaviours significantly increased by 17% in the scheme area and by 9% in the neighbouring streets. Written feedback indicated increased buy-in from residents affected by the scheme, and from neighbouring areas. Written feedback before the scheme included: (i) Concerns about parking; (ii) Liking the scheme; (iii) Feeling consultation was lacking; and (iv) Feeling the scheme was a waste of funds. Feedback after scheme completion included: (i) Feeling the SuDs improved the area; (ii) Remaining concerns about parking; (iii) Valuing the extra green space in the neighbouring area; and (iv) Wanting the SuDs in neighbouring streets. Introducing Green Infrastructure may improve resident’s sustainable behaviours. Importantly, residents in neighbouring areas became envious of the SuDs once completed and showed increased sustainable behaviours indicating spill-over effects. The 2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP26) recently took place, and England is considering statutory SuDs as seen in the scheme discussed here. Therefore, this research is particularly relevant to local authorities and stakeholders who can struggle to communicate the multi-benefits of sustainable urban design solutions.
Automating model management: a survey on metaheuristics for concept-drift adaptation
Authors: Riess Mike 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis study provides an overview of the literature on automated adaptation of machine learning models via metaheuristics, in settings with concept drift. Drift-adaptation of machine learning models presents a high-dimensional optimisation problem; hence, stochastic optimisation via metaheuristics has been a popular choice for finding semi-optimal solutions with low computational costs. Traditionally, automated concept drift adaptation has mainly been studied in the literature on data stream mining; however, as data drift is prevalent in many areas, analogous solutions have been proposed in other fields. Comparing the conceptual solutions across multiple fields is thereby helpful for the overall progress in this area. The found literature is qualitatively classified in terms of relevant aspects of concept drift, adaptation/automation approach and type of metaheuristic. It is found that population-based metaheuristics are by far the most widely used optimisation methods across the domains in the retrieved literature. Methodological problems such as evaluation method and transparency in terms of concept drift type tested in the experiments are discovered and discussed. Over a ten-year period, the usage of metaheuristics in the found literature transitioned from automating single tasks in model development to full model selection in recent years. More transparency in terms of evaluation method and data characteristics is important for future comparison of solutions across drift types and patterns. Furthermore, it is proposed that future studies in this area evaluate the metaheuristics as models themselves, in order to enhance the general understanding of their performance differences in drift adaptation problems.
Predicting Packaging Sizes Using Machine Learning
Authors: Heininger Michael , Ortner Ronald 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe increasing rate of e-commerce orders necessitates a faster packaging process, challenging warehouse employees to correctly choose the size of the package needed to pack each order. To speed up the packing process in the Austrian e-commerce company niceshops GmbH, we propose a machine learning approach that uses historical data from past deliveries to predict suitable package sizes for new orders. Although for most products no information regarding the volume is available, using an approximate volume computed from the chosen packages of previous orders can be shown to significantly increase the performance of a random forest algorithm. The respective learned model has been implemented into the e-commerce company’s software to make it easier for human employees to choose the correct packaging size, making it quicker and easier to fulfill orders.
The relation of individual and collective narcissism and belief in COVID-19 conspiracy theories: the moderating effects of need for uniqueness and belonging
Authors: Ük Bengi , Bahcekapili Hasan G 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe Covid-19 pandemic not only led to chaos and uncertainty, it also brought about many conspiracy theories. In the last two decades, with considerable amount of research, social psychologists have begun to unravel the personality traits underlying conspiracy theories. One such trait is narcissism where the need to distinguish oneself from others might be satisfied by holding beliefs that are different from the general population. In this research, we focus, for the first time in the literature, on both collective and grandiose narcissism’s predictive effects on Covid-19 conspiracy theories and the possible moderation of need for uniqueness (feeling oneself to be special and different from others) and belonging (feeling oneself to be part of a larger and worthy whole). In a Turkish sample (N = 309), we found that both collective and grandiose narcissism were significant predictors of Covid-19 conspiracy. In addition, when the need to feel special was high, grandiose narcissists, but not collective narcissists, tended to believe in Covid-19 conspiracies. Finally, we found that generic conspiracy beliefs were also important predictors of Covid-19 conspiracy theories. Our research illuminates the link between narcissism and Covid-19 conspiracy theories. Future research should look for other possible moderating factors between collective narcissism and conspiracy beliefs in the context of Covid-19.
Persisting Concussion Symptoms from Bodychecking: Unrecognized Toll in Boys’ Ice Hockey
Authors: Tator Charles H. , Blanchet Victoria , Ma Jin 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT:Objectives:Youth hockey is a high-impact sport and can cause concussions with lasting effects. We hypothesized that important injury prevention information would accrue from longitudinal tracking of concussed players with persisting concussion symptoms (PCS).Methods:This case series comprised 87 consecutive concussed ice hockey players aged 10–18 including 66 males and 21 females referred to our Concussion Clinic from 1997 to 2017 and followed longitudinally by clinic visits and questionnaires.Results:PCS occurred in 70 (80.4%) of 87 concussed players and lasted 1–168 months in males and 3–26 months in females. Bodychecking was the most common concussion mechanism in 34 (39.1%) players and caused PCS in 24 (70.6%) with symptom duration 4.00 [2.75, 14.50] months (median [IQR]). The remaining 53 players had other concussion mechanisms with PCS in 86.8% (p = 0.113) with similar duration (p = 0.848).Conclusions:This is the first longitudinal study of concussion with PCS in youth hockey and showed that symptoms can last for several years. Bodychecking was the commonest mechanism of prolonged disability from concussion in boys and girls’ hockey with average PCS duration of 12.3 months but several years in some players. The injury prevention message is to raise the age of permitted bodychecking to 18 in boys’ hockey from age 13 to 14 where it is currently. In this case series, this change could have prevented the majority of the bodycheck concussions and several years of suffering from PCS and is strong evidence for raising the permitted age for bodychecking in boys’ ice hockey to age 18.
The Virtual Summer Research Program: supporting future physician-scientists from underrepresented backgrounds
Authors: Macedo Briana , Christophers Briana , Barrere-Cain Rio , Albrecht Yentli Soto , Granovetter Michael C. , Kumar Rachit , Daye Dania , Bhoj Elizabeth , Brass Lawrence , Rodrigues Jose Alexandre 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Introduction:
Physician-scientist training programs expect applicants to have had extensive research experience prior to applying. Even at the best of times, this leaves individuals from underserved and underrepresented backgrounds at a competitive disadvantage, especially those remote from major academic centers. The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated that disadvantage by closing research laboratories and suspending summer research opportunities.

Methods:
The Virtual Summer Research Program (VSRP) was designed to combat this shortfall by helping participating students become better informed and better prepared for applying to MD/DO–PhD programs. 156 participants were recruited from historically black colleges and universities and from national organizations for underrepresented trainees. Participants were paired with medical school faculty members and current MD/DO–PhD students from 35 participating institutions. The program lasted for at least 4 weeks and included a short research project, interactive sessions, journal clubs, social events, and attendance at a regional American Physician Scientists Association conference.

Results:
In follow-up surveys, participants reported improvements in their science-related skills and in their confidence in becoming a physician-scientist, applying to training programs, and navigating mentorship relationships. A follow-up study completed one year later indicated that participants felt they had benefited from an enhanced skill set, long-term relationships with their mentors, and connections to the physician-scientist community at large.

Discussion:
The results suggest that VSRP met its primary goals, which were to provide a diverse group of trainees with mentors, provide skills and resources for MD/DO–PhD application and matriculation and to support the development of longitudinal relationships between VSRP mentees and APSA. VSRP provides an approach that can be applied at an even larger scale when the constraints caused by a global pandemic have lifted.
University Students’ Risk Perception, Protective Measures, and General Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Turkey
Authors: Duygulu Sergul , Kuruca-Ozdemir Emine , Erdat Yildiz , Kocoglu-Tanyer Deniz 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objective:
This study aimed to investigate university students’ risk perception, protective measures, and general health during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Turkey.

Methods:
The research sample consisted of 1920 university students. The data were collected through an online questionnaire.

Results:
A total of 56.6% of the students considered their risk of being infected with the COVID-19. The number of measures taken by students was lower than expected. Students’ increased anxiety perceived individual risk level, insufficient social support perceptions, and their perceptions of the current pandemic more serious than previous epidemics affect the number of measures they take. Students had sleep and study problems, and suicidal thoughts in the social isolation period. Sex, studying in medicine, anxiety related to COVID-19, feeling unconfident in coping with the pandemic, social support, were determined to be risk factors regarding general health, sleep and study problems, and suicidal thoughts.

Conclusions:
The results of the study showed that the measures taken by university students were insufficient and the precautions were affected by many factors. It was determined that their health was adversely affected by the pandemic. University administrations and decision-makers should consider the risk factors to improve the students’ experiences in such pandemics and emergencies.
Turbulent separations beneath semi-submerged bluff bodies with smooth and rough undersurfaces
Authors: Fang Xingjun , Tachie Mark F. , Dow Karen 
Published: August 2022

The spatio-temporal characteristics of turbulent separations beneath semi-submerged bluff bodies with different undersurface roughness conditions are studied using a time-resolved particle image velocimetry. The Reynolds number based on the free-stream velocity and submergence depth was fixed to 14 400. Three different undersurface conditions – smooth, sandpaper roughness and cube roughness – were examined. The results showed that wall roughness reduces the mean reattachment length, and suppresses the Reynolds stresses in the second half of the mean separation bubble. The Kelvin–Helmholtz instability is observed at the leading edge of the smooth bluff body, but is bypassed in the rough cases. In the first half of the mean separation bubble, the frequencies in the separated shear layer migrate to lower values in a discrete manner through the vortex pairing mechanism. Consequently, multiple vortex shedding motions at different frequencies are nested in the separated shear layer, and the cores of shed vortices are aligned near the isopleth of free-stream velocity. The shed vortex is accompanied with multiple vortices along the edge of mean flow reversal in the upstream locations. These vortices are influenced significantly by wall roughness. A low-frequency flapping motion manifests as enlargement/shrinkage of reverse flow areas in the first half of the mean separation bubble. The frequencies of flapping motion in the smooth and sandpaper cases are similar, but are relatively lower than that in the cube roughness case. This flapping motion is associated with an extremely large vortex shed from the mean reattachment point to the free-stream region.
Supporting Students With Disability: Learning and Support Teachers and Learning Support Teams in NSW Schools
Authors: Stephenson Jennifer , Carter Mark , Webster Amanda , Waddy Neale , Morris Talia 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThere are various models for supporting students with disability and their teachers in mainstream schools. In New South Wales, each school has a learning and support teacher allocation and the New South Wales Department of Education recommends each school have a learning support team. This paper draws on in-depth interviews with school staff from 22 schools, including 16 learning and support teachers, 20 class teachers, 25 school executives and other stakeholders. We report here on the role of learning and support teachers and learning support teams in planning, implementing and evaluating adjustments and on the operation of learning support teams. Qualitative analysis of the interview transcripts revealed two kinds of learning support teams: those that focus on a particular student and those that oversee the education and resource provision for all students with disability in a school. Some teams had more of a focus on administration and resourcing, while others dealt more with educational adjustments. Similarly, some learning and support teachers were more involved in administrative and liaison roles, while others were more active in supporting teachers and providing services directly to students. The most detailed descriptions of support were provided by learning and support teachers with special education qualifications.
Authoritarianism and Right-Wing Voting in Brazil
Authors: Vidigal Robert 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMounting evidence shows that authoritarian orientations exert a powerful influence on public opinion attitudes and candidate support. The 2018 Brazilian elections brought to power Jair Bolsonaro, a candidate with an open disregard for democracy and democratic institutions. This study examines Brazilian voters’ differences in authoritarianism and electoral support for a right-wing authoritarian candidate. It employs the AmericasBarometer national survey data to demonstrate that authoritarianism is politically important in Brazil because of its association with attitudes toward the use of force as well as with conservative social and political attitudes. The effect of authoritarianism on the probability of voting for Bolsonaro is as large as that of other relevant political behavior variables such as ideology, negative partisanship, or religiosity, whereas nonauthoritarian voters spread their votes across other candidates. Although these other variables are also relevant to Bolsonaro’s victory, his candidacy was uniquely able to mobilize a coalition of authoritarian voters. Whether or not authoritarianism remains a salient cleavage in the electorate is considered along with the consequences of this potential divide for political competition in Brazilian politics.
Formal Verification, Scientific Code, and the Epistemological Heterogeneity of Computational Science
Authors: Imbert Cyrille , Ardourel Vincent 
Published: August 2022

AbstractVarious errors can affect scientific code and detecting them is a central concern within computational science. Could formal verification methods, which are now available tools, be widely adopted to guarantee the general reliability of scientific code? After discussing their benefits and drawbacks, we claim that, absent significant changes as regards features like their user-friendliness and versatility, these methods are unlikely to be adopted throughout computational science, beyond certain specific contexts for which they are well-suited. This issue exemplifies the epistemological heterogeneity of computational science: Profoundly different practices can be appropriate to meet the reliability challenge that rises for scientific code.
Can Light Contact with the Police Motivate Political Participation? Evidence from Traffic Stops
Authors: Christiani Leah , Shoub Kelsey 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHarsh, highly intrusive, personal contact with the criminal justice system has been shown to politically demobilize, but it is unclear whether less intrusive forms of police contact have any political effects. As the modal type of involuntary police–citizen contact is less invasive and more routine (e.g., a traffic stop), it is critical to understand the ramifications of lighter forms of contact. We argue that, unlike harsh police contact, light, personal, police contact can mobilize individuals, under certain circumstances. When a negative encounter with the police—even if it is minor—runs counter to prior expectations, people experiencing the contact are mobilized to take political action. Using 3 years of observational data and an original survey experiment, we demonstrate that individuals who receive tickets or are stopped by the police are more likely to participate in politics. These effects are most pronounced for individuals with positive evaluations of the police, often White respondents.
By no means doodles or scraps: reading manuscripts IOL Tib J 3 and 218 as bilingual Dunhuang Vinaya works
Authors: Li Channa 
Published: August 2022

AbstractUnder the sway of the dominant “waste” theories on the nature of Dunhuang manuscripts, we tend to default to the conclusion that IOL Tib J 3 and 218 contain independent Chinese and Tibetan texts joined in the process of recycling discarded manuscripts. However, this paper demonstrates that the texts from these two manuscripts constitute coherent Vinaya compositions. The three layers of the handwriting of these two manuscripts were not written randomly, but exhibit clear-cut functions: while the larger Tibetan script, which was produced in a previous project, was used to write Mūlasarvāstivāda Vinaya commentaries, the smaller Tibetan script and the Chinese script were created as parts of the same bilingual project to provide different textual sources on the Mūlasarvāstivāda Vinaya texts. The Chinese and the Tibetan text in the smaller script, proceeding from the high-level bilingualism of Dunhuang Buddhist communities, display a robust thematic affinity in many cases.