bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resting State fMRI for Motor Cortex Mapping in Children with Epilepsy
Authors: Krishnamurthy Manu , You Xiaozhen , Sepeta Leigh N. , Matuska Emily , Oluigbo Chima , Berl Madison M. , Gaillard William D. , Gholipour Taha 
Published: February 2022

Task-based fMRI is commonly used to localize motor functions prior to epilepsy surgery. Not all children are able to follow task instructions in the scanner, limiting fMRI motor mapping. We present a data-driven method to automatically delineate the motor cortex using task-free, resting state fMRI (rsfMRI) data of children with epilepsy and controls.We preprocessed anatomical and rsfMRI images (64 patients, 12 controls) using fMRIPrep. We used FSL MELODIC tool for whole brain ICA estimation in multiple orders, to generate several sets of independent components. We defined a motor component selection process based on Discriminability Index-based Component Identification (DICI) score, resulting from comparing binarized component to the Human Motor Area Template (HMAT) in subject’s native brain space. Components with the largest DICI score and their peak in the template were combined to form the whole-brain ICA Motor Map (wIMM). We validated wIMM by comparing individual results with finger tapping motor task activation, and evaluated its reproducibility in controls with two runs of rsfMRI.The hit rate between wIMM and motor task activation ranged 60 to 77% across all participants. Sensitivity of wIMM for capturing the task activation was 87.5% among 32 patients and 100% in 11 controls with available task results. The mean Dice similarity in results from repeated runs was 0.70 in controls.Our results shows the sensitivity and reproducibility of an automated motor mapping based on ICA analysis of rsfMRI in children with epilepsy. The ICA maps may provide different, but useful, information than task fMRI. Future studies will expand our method to mapping other brain functions, and may lead to a surgical planning tool for patients who cannot perform task fMRI and help predict their postsurgical function.
Expansion of the HSV-2-specific T cell repertoire in skin after immunotherapeutic HSV-2 vaccine
Authors: Ford Emily S. , Li Alvason , Laing Kerry J. , Dong Lichun , Diem Kurt , Jing Lichen , Basu Krithi , Ott Mariliis , Tartaglia Jim , Gurunathan Sanjay , Reid Jack L. , Ecsedi Matyas , Chapuis Aude G. , Huang Meei-Li , Magaret Amalia S. , Johnston Christine , Zhu Jia , Koelle David M. , Corey Lawrence 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTThe skin at the site of HSV-2 reactivation is enriched for HSV-2-specific T cells. To evaluate whether an immunotherapeutic vaccine could elicit skin-based memory T cells, we studied skin biopsies and HSV-2-reactive CD4+T cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) by T cell receptor β (TRB) sequencing before and after vaccination with a replication-incompetent whole virus HSV-2 vaccine candidate (HSV529). The representation of HSV-2-reactive CD4+TRBsequences from PBMCs in the skinTRBrepertoire increased after the first vaccine dose. We found sustained expansion after vaccination of unique, skin-based T-cell clonotypes that were not detected in HSV-2-reactive CD4+T cells isolated from PBMCs. In one participant a switch in immunodominance occurred with the emergence of a T cell receptor (TCR) αβ pair after vaccination that was not detected in blood. This TCRαβ was shown to be HSV-2-reactive by expression of a synthetic TCR in a Jurkat-based NR4A1 reporter system. The skin in areas of HSV-2 reactivation possesses an oligoclonalTRBrepertoire that is distinct from the circulation. Defining the influence of therapeutic vaccination on the HSV-2-specificTRBrepertoire requires tissue-based evaluation.
SARS-CoV-2 Testing Strategies for Outbreak Mitigation in Vaccinated Populations
Authors: Kumar Chirag K. , Balasubramanian Ruchita , Ongarello Stefano , Carmona Sergio , Laxminarayan Ramanan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAlthough COVID-19 vaccines are globally available, waning immunity and emerging vaccine-evasive variants of concern have hindered the international response as COVID-19 cases continue to rise. Mitigating COVID-19 requires testing to identify and isolate infectious individuals. We developed a stochastic compartmentalized model to simulate SARS-CoV-2 spread in the United States and India using Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) assays, rapid antigen tests, and vaccinations. We detail the optimal testing frequency and coverage in the US and India to mitigate an emerging outbreak even in a vaccinated population: overall, maximizing frequency is more important, but high coverage remains necessary when there is sustained transmission. We show that a resource-limited vaccination strategy still requires high-frequency testing and is 16.50% more effective in India than the United States. Tailoring testing strategies to transmission settings can help effectively reduce cases more than if a uniform approach is employed without regard to differences in location.
Sensitisation of colonic nociceptors by TNFα is dependent on TNFR1 expression and p38 MAPK activity
Authors: Barker Katie H. , Higham James P. , Pattison Luke A. , Taylor Toni S. , Chessell Iain P. , Welsh Fraser , Smith Ewan St. J. , Bulmer David C. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractVisceral pain is a leading cause of morbidity in gastrointestinal diseases, which is exacerbated by the gut related side-effects of many analgesics. New treatments are needed and further understanding of the mediators and mechanisms underpinning visceral nociception in disease states is required to facilitate this. The pro-inflammatory cytokine TNFα is linked to pain in both patients with inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome, and has been shown to sensitise colonic sensory neurons. Somatic, TNFα- triggered thermal and mechanical hypersensitivity is mediated by TRPV1 signalling and p38 MAPK activity respectively, downstream of TNFR1 receptor activation. We therefore hypothesised that TNFR1-evoked p38 MAPK activity may also be responsible for TNFα sensitisation of colonic afferent responses to the TRPV1 agonist capsaicin, and noxious distension of the bowel. Using Ca2+ imaging of dorsal root ganglion sensory neurons, we observed TNFα-mediated increases in intracellular [Ca2+] and sensitisation of capsaicin responses. The sensitising effects of TNFα were dependent on TNFR1 expression and attenuated by p38 MAPK inhibition. Consistent with these findings, ex vivo colonic afferent fibre recordings demonstrated enhanced response to noxious ramp distention of the bowel and bath application of capsaicin following TNFα pre-treatment. Responses were reversed by p38 MAPK inhibition and absent in tissue from TNFR1 knockout mice. Our findings demonstrate a contribution of TNFR1, p38 MAPK and TRPV1 to TNFα-induced sensitisation of colonic afferents, highlighting the potential utility of these drug targets for the treatment of visceral pain in GI disease.Abstract figure legendTNFα sensitised Ca2+ responses to the TRPV1 agonist capsaicin in dorsal root ganglion sensory neurons. Sensitisation was TNFR1-dependent and attenuated by inhibition of p38 MAPK. Direct Ca2+ responses to TNFα were TRPV1-and TRPA1-dependent. In ex vivo colonic afferent recordings, TNFα increased sensitivity to noxious ramp distension and capsaicin, both of which were absent in TNFR1-/- tissue or blocked by inhibition of p38 MAPK. These findings establish a role for TNFR1, p38 MAPK and TRPV1 in TNFα-mediated sensitisation of colonic afferents.Key Points SummaryTNFα sensitises sensory neurons and colonic afferents to the TRPV1 agonist capsaicin.TNFα-mediated sensitisation of sensory neurons and colonic nociceptors is dependent on TNFR1 expression.TNFα sensitisation of sensory neurons and colonic afferents to capsaicin and noxious ramp distension is abolished by inhibition of p38 MAPK.
A transcytotic actin shift polarizes vesicle trajectories and partitions apicobasal epithelial membrane domains
Authors: Jafari Gholamali , Khan Liakot A. , Zhang Hongjie , Membreno Edward , Yan Siyang , Gobel Verena 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn prevailing epithelial polarity models, membrane-based polarity cues such as the partitioning-defective PARs specify the positions and identities of apicobasal membrane domains. Recent findings suggest, however, that vesicle-associated polarity cues specify membrane polarity by positioning the apical domain, upstream of membrane-based polarity cues. These findings raised the question how vesicles acquire apicobasal directionality independent of polarized target membrane domains. Here, we show that the apical directionality of vesicle trajectories depends on intracellular actin dynamics during the establishment of membrane polarity in the C. elegans intestine. We find that actin, powered by branched-chain actin dynamics, determines the position of apical membrane components, PARs, and itself on expanding membranes. Using photomodulation, we demonstrate that F-actin travels through the cytoplasm and along the cortex towards the future apical domain. Our findings suggest an alternative polarity model where actin-dependent directional trafficking inserts the nascent apical domain into the growing membrane to partition its apicobasal domains.
Metabolic-scale gene activation screens identify SLCO2B1 as a heme transporter that enhances cellular iron availability
Authors: Unlu Gokhan , Prizer Benjamin , Erdal Ranya , Yeh Hsi-Wen , Bayraktar Erol C. , Birsoy Kıvanç 
Published: February 2022

SUMMARYIron is the most abundant transition metal in cells and essential for a wide range of biochemical processes. While most mammalian cells take up iron through receptor-mediated endocytosis of transferrin, molecular players involved in iron utilization under iron-limiting conditions are incompletely understood. To address this, we performed several parallel metabolism-focused CRISPRa gain of function screens, which revealed metabolic limitations under stress conditions. Screens for iron restriction identified expected members of iron utilization pathways, but also SLCO2B1, a poorly characterized membrane carrier. Expression of SLCO2B1 is sufficient to increase intracellular iron stores, bypass the essentiality of transferrin receptor-mediated iron uptake and enable cell proliferation under iron restriction. Mechanistically, SLCO2B1 mediates heme-analog import in cellular assays. Heme uptake by SLCO2B1 provides sufficient iron for cell proliferation through heme oxygenases. Notably, SLCO2B1 is predominantly expressed in microglia in the brain and primary microglia from Slco2b1−/− mice exhibit a strong defect in heme analog import. Altogether, our work identifies SLCO2B1 as a microglia-enriched plasma membrane heme importer and provides a genetic platform to identify metabolic limitations under stress conditions.
Rhythmic interactions between the mediodorsal thalamus and prefrontal cortex precede human visual perception
Authors: Griffiths Benjamin J. , Zaehle Tino , Repplinger Stefan , Schmitt Friedhelm C. , Voges Jürgen , Hanslmayr Simon , Staudigl Tobias 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe thalamus is much more than a simple sensory relay. High-order thalamic nuclei, such as the mediodorsal thalamus, exert a profound influence over animal cognition. However, given the difficulty of directly recording from the thalamus in humans, next-to-nothing is known about thalamic and thalamocortical contributions to human cognition. To address this, we analysed simultaneously-recorded thalamic iEEG and whole-head MEG in six patients (four female, two male; plus MEG recordings from twelve healthy controls) as they completed a visual detection task. We observed that the phase of both ongoing mediodorsal thalamic and prefrontal low-frequency activity was predictive of perceptual performance. Critically however, mediodorsal thalamic activity mediated prefrontal contributions to perceptual performance. These results suggest that it is thalamocortical interactions, rather than cortical activity alone, that is predictive of upcoming perceptual performance and, more generally, highlights the importance of accounting for the thalamus when theorising about cortical contributions to human cognition.
Quantifying the predictability and preventability of conflicts between construction project parties
Authors: Charkhakan Mohammad Hadi , Heravi Gholamreza 
Published: February 2022

PurposeAlthough several studies have aimed to present models to predict conflict outcomes, fewer methods have been developed to analyze conflict manageability and provide management strategies based on prediction models. This research pitches into the manageability analysis of conflicts occur during the implementation of a proposed change in construction projects. In this way, a framework has been developed by defining two parameters: the predictability index and the preventability index.Design/methodology/approachWithin this framework, the predictability index determines how many outcomes of the prediction model can be used for conflict management based on the degree of clarity. The preventability index demonstrates how preventive measures for conflict management can be identified. Eventually, three preventive measures can be determined: (1) identifying weaknesses of decision-making patterns and organizational culture, (2) identifying events that may be prevented using soft skills and (3) identifying differences among similar change-implementation scenarios and evaluating causes of the differences. To demonstrate the capabilities of proposed framework, a practical example has been analyzed.FindingsThe results show that the behavior of the project parties can be psychologically analyzed, and psychological conflicts can be distinguished from technical conflicts. Moreover, identifying the weaknesses of parties' decision-making patterns and their organizational culture is the most effective measure to prevent the conflicts.Originality/valueThis research contributes to the construction body of knowledge by quantifying the predictability and preventability of conflicts between the project parties in a construction project based on: (1) the certainty level of the conflict occurrence and (2) the level of alignment between predicted outcomes of the conflict occurrence and the issued change request and/or change order.
Thermophoresis particle deposition of CoFe2O4-TiO2hybrid nanoparticles on micropolar flow through a moving flat plate with viscous dissipation effects
Authors: Waini Iskandar , Khan Umair , Zaib Aurang , Ishak Anuar , Pop Ioan 
Published: February 2022

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the micropolar fluid flow through a moving flat plate containing CoFe2O4-TiO2hybrid nanoparticles with the substantial influence of thermophoresis particle deposition and viscous dissipation.Design/methodology/approachThe partial differential equations are converted to the similarity equations of a particular form through the similarity variables. Numerical outcomes are computed by applying the built-in program bvp4c in MATLAB. The process of flow, heat and mass transfers phenomena are examined for several physical aspects such as the hybrid nanoparticles, micropolar parameter, the thermophoresis particle deposition and the viscous dissipation.FindingsThe friction factor, heat and mass transfer rates are higher with an increment of 1.4%, 2.2% and 1.4%, respectively, in the presence of the hybrid nanoparticles (with 2% volume fraction). However, they are declined because of the rise of the micropolar parameter. The imposition of viscous dissipation reduces the heat transfer rate, significantly. Meanwhile, thermophoresis particle deposition boosts the mass transfer. Multiple solutions are developed for a certain range of physical parameters. Lastly, the first solution is shown to be stable and reliable physically.Originality/valueAs far as the authors have concerned, no work on thermophoresis particle deposition of hybrid nanoparticles on micropolar flow through a moving flat plate with viscous dissipation effect has been reported in the literature. Most importantly, this current study reported the stability analysis of the non-unique solutions and, therefore, fills the gap of the study and contributes to new outcomes in this particular problem.
Impact of perceived brand localness and globalness on brand trust to predict customer responses towards retail banks: the case of Trinidad and Tobago
Authors: Rambocas Meena , Narsingh Sunita Sandy 
Published: February 2022

PurposeThis paper compares the relative influence of perceived brand localness (PBL) and perceived brand globalness (PBG) on customer behavioral responses of brand loyalty (BL), willingness to pay price premiums (WTPP) and positive word of mouth (PWOM) towards retail banks. It further examines the mediating effects of brand trust (BT) on these relationships.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from 320 retail banking customers in Trinidad and Tobago and analyzed with exploratory factor analysis and multiple regression analysis (MRA).FindingsThe findings show that PBL has a more substantial impact on BL, willingness to pay a price premium and PWOM compared to PBG. The results also show that BT mediates the relationships between PBL and PBG on customer brand-related responses. The effect is more substantial for brands perceived as local.Practical implicationsThe findings have important implications for banks in developing countries and suggest that localized positioning and branding strategies will trigger preferential brand-related responses in retail banking services. The paper ends with a discussion on the practical implications of these findings and present future research opportunities.Originality/valueThe paper responds to the rising skepticism and discomfort with globalization. It offers bank managers valuable insights on how global and local branding strategies affect brand-related outcomes. The study contributes to the literature by empirically comparing the effects of PBL and PBG in retail banking and demonstrating the unique contribution of BT in explaining why customers respond differently to global and local brands. It also simultaneously considers multiple customer responses.
Effectual control and small firms' international performance: the mediating role of partnership and gaining new knowledge
Authors: Karami Masoud , Chandra Yanto , Wooliscroft Ben , McNeill Lisa 
Published: February 2022

PurposeExtant research has studied how entrepreneurial cognition influences firm international performance but what mechanisms translates entrepreneurial cognition into international performance remains a puzzle in the field. In this paper, the authors utilize effectuation theory to theorize this association.Design/methodology/approachUsing a survey of 164 internationalizing small firms from New Zealand, the authors examined a model of entrepreneurial cognition, action and gaining new knowledge as a framework to explain how effectual control, partnership for new opportunity creation and gaining new knowledge influence small firms' performance.FindingsThe authors found that partnership for new opportunity creation, and gaining new knowledge are two important mediation mechanisms in the focal association between effectual control and international performance.Research limitations/implicationsThis study is a cross-sectional design. Considering the importance of time in cognition and action, future research should utilize longitudinal research design.Practical implicationsThe authors’ findings provide implications for both small firms' managers and policymakers. These findings identify the critical importance of continuous knowledge development in internationalization process. Policymakers can help small firms gain more relevant and timely information about international markets and incorporate them in their decision-making to further develop international opportunities.Originality/valueThe authors contribute to international entrepreneurship research by delineating and verifying the important associations between entrepreneurial cognition, action and gaining new knowledge and their outcomes for firm's international performance. The authors also contribute to effectuation theory by elaborating on effectual control and how this logic leads to the development of new knowledge.
Load sharing repairable system with imperfect coverage in fuzzy environment
Authors: Gupta Ritu , Tasneem Zainab 
Published: February 2022

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to develop Markovian model to obtain the transient probabilities to determine mean-time-to-failure and reliability function and further steady state availability of the repairable system. As the system parameters are uncontrollable factors; thus the life times, repair times and recovery/reboot time are assumed to be as uncertain or fuzzified distributions.Design/methodology/approachThe fuzzy approach is introduced to investigate the reliability measures of load sharing repairable system which consists of two operating units and one standby unit. On the failure of an operating component, it is instantly spotted, located and sent for recovery procedures with coverage probability. In case of imperfect recovery, reboot takes place.FindingsOn the basis of extension principle and mathematical programming approach, the authors establish membership functions for system characteristics with the help of α-cuts. To demonstrate the practical validity of the proposed fuzzified model, numerical illustrations are performed.Originality/valueThe model proposed for reliability analysis may cheer up the continuance of the work towards more applications in repairable systems. Therefore, the reader is provided with useful intuition into the nature of fuzzy computations and practical amendments while measuring ambiguous data.
COVID-19 lockdown and prices of essential food items in India: examining law of one price
Authors: Akber Nusrat , Paltasingh Kirtti Ranjan 
Published: February 2022

Purpose This study examines whether the law of one price (LOP) or price convergence holds during the COVID-19 pandemic for essential food items in India.Design/methodology/approach The authors use the daily retail price data of 22 essential food items from 103 Indian markets for two years (2019 as pre-COVID and 2020 as COVID period). Pesaran's (2007) second-generation panel unit-root test has been used to examine the price convergence of essential food commodities across various markets of different zones in the pre-COVID and COVID periods.Findings The authors find a tendency toward the convergence of prices across the spatially segregated markets for essential products. But, during the COVID period, there is a weak or no convergence of prices for essential food items. Hence, the LOP does not hold during the pandemic, indicating massive price deviations for food items across Indian markets. This has severe implications for food security as enormous price increases in some markets have been evidenced during the pandemic.Research limitations/implications The study calls for immediate policy adoption to restore the disrupted supply chain of essential food items. Along with that, the public authority should strictly prohibit black marketing and unlawful hoarding of essential food items. In addition, farmers should be provided direct cash benefits for restoring their farming activities.Originality/value This paper is first study to examine that hypothesis of LOP in the context of COVID crisis.