bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CISTO ÓSSEO TRAUMÁTICO EM CORPO MANDIBULAR:
Authors: Santana Alessandra Monteiro , Silva Maiara Lopes Ferreira , Rodrigues Rafael Drummond , Santos Rair de Miranda , Santos Jean Nunes dos , Carneiro Júnior Bráulio 
Published: July 2022

Introdução: O cisto ósseo traumático é uma lesão intraóssea rara e assintomática, caracterizada por cavidade sem revestimento epitelial, sendo classificado como um pseudocisto. A sua descoberta é realizada por meio de achados radiográficos de rotina. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar dois casos clínicos de cisto ósseo traumático em mandíbula. Desenvolvimento: Caso 1: paciente gênero masculino, 17 anos, portando exame radiográfico com imagem radiotransparente em corpo mandibular, assintomático ao exame físico. Ao exame tomográfico, observou-se região hipodensa em corpo mandibular (ápices dentários 47/48) e o mesmo foi submetido a curetagem total da lesão, observou-se loja óssea com ausência de cápsula e discreto sangramento, confirmando hipótese diagnóstica de COT. Caso 2: paciente gênero feminino, 15 anos, portando exame radiográfico de rotina com imagem semelhante, assintomática ao exame físico. Ao exame tomográfico, notou-se região hipodensa em corpo mandibular (ápices dentários 44/45), sendo essa submetida a curetagem total da lesão, com características semelhantes. Os casos apontam neoformação óssea ao acompanhamento radiográfico. Considerações finais: Conclui-se ser primordial o diagnóstico clínico-radiográfico de lesões intraósseas para melhor conduta terapêutica, sendo consenso na literatura os excelentes resultados a longo prazo da curetagem das paredes ósseas como tratamento.
Figura 2: Análise multivariada de agrupamento cluster para verificar a similaridade da localização anatômica nos nervos Juncionais, Compostos e Intradermicos, com coeficiente de Bray-Curtis de 0,8718.
Authors: Xavier Jose Candido , Polizel Ocanha-Xavier Juliana , Felix Negreiros Natalia , Correa Garcia Pires D’Ávilla Solange , Alencar Marques Mariângela Esther 
Published: July 2022

Objetivo: descrever a frequência dos nevos comuns e a distribuição dos mesmos nos diferentes sítios anatômicos e em grupos etários distintos.
Métodos: Estudo observacional, transversal e retrospectivo que analisou todos os nevos comuns (juncionais, compostos e intradérmicos). Informações sobre idade, gênero, localização anatômica e classificação histológica foram extraídas das requisições médicas. Para análise da distribuição dos casos em relação à idade e ao sítio anatômico foi utilizado o teste estatístico de Kruskall-Wallis e a análise multivariada através do coeficiente de similaridade Bray-Curtis.
Resultados: 3.471 patientes e 6.802 lesões foram analisados. Nevos intradérmicos foram os mais frequentes (70,2%), seguidos dos compostos (20,1%) e dos juncionais (9,7%). Nevos compostos estiveram associados a idade mais jovem. Em relação à distribuição anatômica não houve diferença estatística.
Conclusão: pacientes com nevos compostos demonstraram idade mais jovem e nevos intradérmicos apresentaram distribuição anatômica dissimilar aos demais.
Análise do perfil epidemiológico da meningite na região norte do Brasil entre 2010 e 2020
Authors: Bento Camila , Barros Trindade  Chaves Vera Lucas , Cotrim Rodrigues Renata , Vaz Guilherme , Alves da Silva Sílvio , Leite Bintencourt Evandro 
Published: July 2022

Introdução: A meningite é uma inflamação que acomete as meninges, principalmente o espaço subaracnóideo e que pode atingir os segmentos craniano e medular. É uma infecção associada mais comumente com vírus e bactérias, sendo a etiologia bacteriana a responsável pelos piores prognósticos. Nesse sentido, a incidência da meningite na região Norte do país torna importante e propícia a pesquisa sobre o perfil epidemiológico da doença no estado do Tocantins e a sua comparação com a região Norte do Brasil. Objetivo: Diante disso, foi realizado um estudo transversal com o objetivo de traçar o perfil dos indivíduos acometidos por essa doença. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico de natureza descritiva, realizado por meio da coleta de dados anuais disponibilizados pelo Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN) do Departamento de Informação e Informática do SUS (DATASUS), referentes ao período entre 2010 e 2020, na região Norte do Brasil e no estado do Tocantins. Foram coletados dados em todas as faixas etárias disponíveis entre menores de 1 ano e acima de 80 anos, observando-se dentro de cada faixa etária a incidência de Meningite e a evolução. Resultados: Foi possível verificar o registro total de 8043 casos confirmados na região norte, em comparação com 662 casos no estado do Tocantins no período determinado. Quanto à evolução, destaca-se que o maior número de óbitos por meningite está concentrado nos extremos de idades (menor que 1 ano e maior que 60 anos) e a predominância do sexo masculino. Conclusão: Conclui-se que a meningite possui caráter endêmico e que há uma existência contínua de novos casos, sendo necessário intensificar as ações de combate de região por meio de reforços nas ações preventivas da atenção primária e com a conscientização da população sobre a importância do calendário nacional de vacinação.
Palavras-chave: Meningite; Epidemiologia; Atenção Primária; Região Norte.
Renal hypoxia, vascular calcification and crystalline nephropathy
Authors: Mendes Tavares Gomes Glísia 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT

Objective: To emphasize the increase, in the last decades, in the incidence of kidney diseases and associated comorbidities and, within a wide range of kidney injury triggers, it is important to mention the nephropathies caused by crystal and mineral deposition, considering the often slow, gradual and asymptomatic progression of these disorders.
Methods: This is a literature review based on the search for articles related to the topics ‘Crystalluria and renal hypoxia’, in databases such as Pubmed, Bireme, Web of Science and Google Scholar.
Results: It can be observed that, of the metabolic processes involved, inflammation and renal hypoxia, which are mutually related, are variables of interest to be considered in this type of injury. Understanding and monitoring the impact of mineral deposition and / or the formation of crystals in the renal parenchyma is an extremely important factor in this context.
Conclusion: Mineral imbalance and the urinary saturation of some crystallization promoters, such as oxalate, as well as the inflammation and hypoxemia process, make the kidney environment prone to acute or chronic disorders, possibly due to the disconnected of these variables.
Keywords: Oxalate; hypoxia; vascular calcification; renal failure, chronic; COVID-19
Racial, Ethnic, and Gender Diversity in Academic Orthopaedic Surgery Leadership
Authors: Meadows Austin M. , Skinner Madelyn M. , Faraj Majd T. , Hazime Alaa A. , Day Russell G. , Fore Jessi A. , Day Charles S. 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Multiple investigations in the past 50 years have documented a lack of racial/ethnic and gender diversity in the orthopaedic surgery workforce when compared with other specialties. Studies in other industries suggest that diversification of leadership can help diversify the underlying workforce. This study investigates changes in racial/ethnic and gender diversity of orthopaedic surgery leadership from 2007 to 2019 and compares leadership diversity to that of other surgical and nonsurgical specialties, specifically in terms of chairpersons and program directors.

Methods:
Demographic data were collected from The Journal of the American Medical Association and the Association of American Medical Colleges. Aggregate data were utilized to determine the racial, ethnic, and gender composition of academic leadership for 8 surgical and nonsurgical specialties in 2007 and 2019. Comparative analysis was conducted to identify changes in diversity among chairpersons between the 2 years. Furthermore, current levels of diversity in orthopaedic leadership were compared with those of other specialties.

Results:
A comparative analysis of diversity among program directors revealed that orthopaedic surgery had significantly lower minority representation (20.5%) when compared with the nonsurgical specialties (adjusted p < 0.01 for all) and, with the exception of neurological surgery, had the lowest proportion of female program directors overall, at 9.0% (adjusted p < 0.001 for all). From 2007 to 2019, orthopaedic surgery experienced no change in minority representation among chairpersons (adjusted p = 0.73) but a significant increase in female representation among chairpersons, from 0.0% (0 of 102) to 4.1% (5 of 122) (adjusted p = 0.04). Lastly, a significant decrease in minority and female representation was observed when comparing the diversity of 2019 orthopaedic faculty to orthopaedic leadership in 2019/2020 (p < 0.05 for all).

Conclusions:
Diversity in orthopaedic surgery leadership has improved on some key fronts, specifically in gender diversity among chairpersons. However, a significant decrease in minority and gender representation was observed between 2019 orthopaedic faculty and 2019/2020 orthopaedic leadership (p < 0.05), which was a trend shared by other specialties. These findings may suggest a more pervasive problem in diversity of medical leadership that is not only limited to orthopaedic surgery.
Transphyseal Distal Humeral Fractures
Authors: Crowe Mary , Byerly Luke , Mehlman Charles T. 
Published: July 2022

Background:
The transphyseal distal humeral fracture has been well described as a concerning fracture pattern for non-accidental trauma (NAT) in young pediatric patients. Because of the infrequent presentation of this fracture, the association historically has been anecdotal. The purpose of this study was to determine and compare the incidence of NAT among displaced transphyseal distal humeral fractures and displaced supracondylar humeral fractures in children <3 years of age.

Methods:
All displaced transphyseal distal humeral fractures and displaced supracondylar humeral fractures in patients <3 years of age admitted because of injury during an 18-year period were reviewed retrospectively for inclusion. Patient demographics, mechanisms of injury, results of child protective services investigations, and medical records were reviewed. A chi-square test was utilized to analyze significance for categorical data; p values of <0.05 were defined as significant.

Results:
The charts of 23 transphyseal distal humeral and 205 supracondylar humeral fracture cases were reviewed. NAT was the cause for 6 (26%) of the displaced transphyseal distal humeral fractures and 4 (2%) of the displaced supracondylar fractures. The associated risk of NAT was 13 times greater (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.05 to 43.7; p < 0.001) for children admitted for operative management of displaced transphyseal distal humeral fractures compared with those admitted for operative management of displaced supracondylar humeral fractures.

Conclusions:
The classic 1980 paper by DeLee et al. sensitized the orthopaedic community to the relationship between transphyseal distal humeral fractures and child abuse. Our study is the first, to our knowledge, to bring statistical weight to this association. We found a 13-times-greater risk of NAT for children <3 years of age who sustain a displaced transphyseal distal humeral fracture compared with a displaced supracondylar fracture.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Spatial Pattern of Late Quaternary Shortening Rate in the Longmen Shan Foreland, Eastern Margin of the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Jiang Dawei , Zhang Shimin , Ding Rui 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
As the eastern boundary of the Tibetan Plateau, Longmen Shan possesses a narrow thrust belt with steep topography but lacks matching Cenozoic foreland basin. Multiple kinetic models have been proposed to debate on the dominant mechanism of developing such range–foreland system. Crustal shortening rate is a feasible approach to test different tectonic models and estimate structural patterns. In this study, we focused on the deformation pattern and shortening rate of the complex foreland area of the southern Longmen Shan, which is comprised of the Xiongpo, Sansuchang, and Longquanshan anticlines. By the means of net-based RTK measurement and Quaternary chronology, we measured and dated the six-level terraces of the Qingyi River, which flows southeastward across this region. Excess area method was applied to calculate shortening rate. The results indicate that the Late Quaternary shortening rates of the Xiongpo anticline, Longquanshan anticline, and Sansuchang anticline are 1.01 mm/yr, 0.89 mm/yr, and 0.16 mm/yr, respectively. The total shortening rate of the foreland in southern Longmen Shan is 2.06 mm/yr. Consequently, a mechanical model was presented to show the tectonic pattern: the southern Longmen Shan is an actively expanding edge of the plateau, and the shortening is distributed to the three anticlines dominated by the foreland detachment system. This model supports that crustal shortening is the dominating force in the current orogenesis of the Longmen Shan. In addition, the along-strike variation of the Longmen Shan was further specified from the perspective of crustal shortening distribution. We propose that the southern Longmen Shan and its foreland basin are in a state of compression, while the northern Longmen Shan has both thrust and strike-slip characteristics.
Social Media Use and Academic Performance among High School Students: Roles of Time Spent and Purpose of Use
Authors: Zeleke Seleshi , Kibret Abebe 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background Studies have shown that social media (SM) can influence academic performance both positively and negatively depending on the students’ social media use (SMU) behaviors. Though many studies have examined time spent on SM and academic performance, the findings are inconclusive. Besides, only few studies have directly assessed the role of purpose of SMU. This study examines the influence of purpose of SMU, time spent on SM and their interaction on students’ academic performance. Method The sample comprised 110 Grade 11 students from a private high school in Addis Ababa. We collected data on students’ academic performance from official school records and the students’ demographics and SMU behaviors through a survey questionnaire developed for the purpose. We employed two-way ANOVA and chi-square test for data analyses. Findings Slightly more than 67% of the students used SM for noneducation purposes and on average these students spent more time on SM than those who used SM for education purposes. The students who used SM for education purposes scored significantly higher in all three subjects (English, mathematics and chemistry) than those who used SM for noneducation purposes. Students who spent shorter time on SM daily scored significantly better in all three subjects than those who spent longer. The purpose-by-time interaction effect is, however, not statistically significant. Conclusion Mainly the study showed that spending more time on SM particularly for noneducation purposes is harmful to students’ academic performance.
Anemia and It's Risk Factors among Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus, Alkhair Medical Center, Wad Medani, Gezira State, Sudan (2020)
Authors: Mohamedahmed Khalid Abdelsamea , Mohammed Rumisa Mobashar , Talha Albadawi Abdebagi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Anemia is one of the common complications of diabetes mellitus, and their risk in diabetic patients is estimated to be 2 – 3 times higher than that of patients without diabetes. Therefore, having a major impact on the overall health and survival of diabetes patients. Globally, the prevalence of concurrent anemia and diabetes mellitus ranges from 14 – 45% in various ethnic populations worldwide. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of anemia among type II diabetic patients.Methodology: This is a cross-sectional laboratory-based study conducted in Alkhair Medical Center, Wad Medani, Gezira State, Sudan during March to December 2020 among 100 type II diabetic patients ((32 males and 68 females) their ages ranged between 30 and 90 years with mean (52.26 ± 13.58 years). Three ml of venous blood samples were collected from all participants in K3EDTA containers. A thin blood film was prepared and stained immediately. The RBCs parameters were performed using Sysmex XP-300 Automated Hematology Analyzer. SPSS computer program (v 25.0) was used for data analysis. Results: The study results showed that the prevalence of anemia among patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus were 7 (7 %). 6 (85.7 %) patients had mild anemia, and one (14.3 %) had moderate anemia according to clinical degree of anemia based on hemoglobin level. 4 (57.14 %) patients had microcytic hypochromic anemia, and 2 (28.57 %) patients had normocytic normochromic anemia and one (14.29 %) patients had macrocytic anemia based on RBCs indices and morphology. The prevalence of anemia is more in female (7.35 %) than male (6.25 %). Conclusion: The study concluded that anemia among patients with type II Diabetes Mellitus was 7 %, mostly mild and microcytic hypochromic anemia; so improve their nutrition status among diabetic patients may help in reducing the anima during diabetes.
Prediction of Intraductal Carcinomas of the Breast That Will Not Evolve to Invasive Carcinomas
Authors: Vilardell Felip , Iglesias Edelmiro , Canosa Carles , Urdanibia Izaskun , Martínez Montserrat 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast is a malignant neoplastic proliferation of cells with a ductal phenotype, which is confined to the epithelial compartment of ducts and acini. DCIS is regarded as a nonobligate precursor of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of the breast. Currently it is not possible to predict which DCIS will progress to IDC, and so the vast majority of patients with DCIS undergo surgical resection and radiation therapy. DCIS and IDC share most of the genetic alterations, including somatic mutations, genetic expression profiles and genetic copy number alterations. Our aim was to find a genetic mutational profile that could help to predict which DCIS will progress to IDC and which will not. Individuals with a predicted probability of DCIS synchronous with IDC of 0.5 or lower were found to be those with a mutation in 38138689 (POSTN), and no mutation in either 151851109 (KMT2C), 187524525 (FAT1) or 55139771 (PDGFRA).
Catchment-scale mechanistic predictions of microplastic transport and distribution across land and water
Authors: Nizzetto Luca , Norling Magnus , Hurley Rachel , Schell Theresa , Futter Martyn , Rico Andreu , Vighi Marco , Blanco Alberto , Ledesma José 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Soils are the main recipients of microplastic pollution that is subsequently transferred to aquatic ecosystems. Land-based sources dominate microplastics inputs to the ocean but knowledge gaps about their accumulation in soil, run-off and in-stream transport has hindered assessments of regional/global distributions and marine ecosystem exposure. These gaps must be filled to prioritize environmental protection actions. Here we present the first successful predictions of microplastic land to water transport assessed against empirical data at catchment scale. Predictions were generated by a mechanistic model that accounts for climate, hydrology, soil/microplastic erosion and sediment/microplastic transport. The model assimilates the latest knowledge on microplastic behavior in soil and stream water as a function of particle size, shape and density. After calibrating to monitoring data, we predict microplastic concentrations and temporal trends in water and sediments with typical error factors below 2 and 10, respectively. Next, we used the model to draw the first robust landscape-scale assessment of microplastic budgets and flows. Soils and sediments typically retain between 10-40% of total microplastic inputs over a multi annual period with strong fluctuations linked to climate variability. Despite uncertainties that remain for some parameters, we prove that mechanistic frames assimilating the state of the art on microplastic environmental behavior can currently yield credible predictions of their flows and budget. These findings are key to draw robust assessments of present and future microplastic distributions across terrestrial and aquatic environments and solve current hindrances to both risk assessment and the definition of pollution reduction measures.
Modeling Cardiac Pacemakers With Timed Coloured Petri Nets And Related Tools
Authors: Assiri Mohammed , Janicki Ryszard 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The Software Quality Research Laboratory at McMaster University proposed the pacemaker system specification as a pilot problem for the Verified Software Initiative. This research utilizes formal methods to model and verify the interdisciplinary requirements of pacemaker systems. It additionally provides customizable data to assess and optimize various algorithms and parameters.
Boston Scientific vs. Coloplast implants: A Prospective Analysis of a High-Volume Surgeon’s Inflatable Penile Prosthesis Experience.
Authors: Gheiler Edward , Lopez Joseph , Bansal Utsav , Brunner Robert , Luna Eusebio , Khera Mohit , Hernandez Hunter , Bainco Fernando , Carvajal Alejandro 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We compare using a prospective data collection the likelihood of infection and short-term revision in inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) placements when using AMS 700 TM CX series versus Coloplast Titan®. The study included the first-time IPP implantations using both implants performed between January 2017 and December 2019. The surgeon alternated the implants every other week, and the patients were divided into two cohorts based on implant company for comparison and study. Data were collected on patient demographics, implant characteristics, perioperative features, and complications. Follow-up was carried out at 6 weeks, 3 months, and then annually. A total of 542 patients underwent IPP implantations during the two years, 301 (56%) were performed using AMS 700TMCX and 241 (44%) using Coloplast Titan®. There was only one (0.18%) case complicated by infection. Seven cases (1.3%) required revision, five had been done using AMS 700TM CX implants. Overall, the most common reason for revision was tube fracture (n=3). Diabetes, case time, reservoir type, and reservoir location were not significant prognostic factors for revision (p>0.05). We concluded that regarding manufacturing companies the risk of infection is not affected. Diabetes and drain placement for three days did not increase the risk of infection or overall revision.