bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compatible cut‐off values for luteinizing hormone and the luteinizing hormone/follicle‐stimulating hormone ratio in diagnostic criteria of the Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology for polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Yanagihara Rie , Matsuzaki Toshiya , Aoki Hidenori , Tamura Kou , Nagashima Mao , Minato Saki , Kamada Shuhei , Yamamoto Yuri , Irahara Minoru , Iwasa Takeshi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimThe abnormal secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) is one of the typical features of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and adopted in the diagnostic criteria of the Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology (JSOG). We investigated cut‐off values for LH and the LH/follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) ratio in resent two measurement systems for the diagnosis of PCOS.MethodsNinety‐nine controls and 106 patients with PCOS were enrolled. Serum LH and FSH levels were measured using an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ARCHITECT) and chemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLusys). We examined the distribution of the measured levels, selected the conversion closest to the standard normal distribution in the control group, and calculated mean + 1 SD values for LH and the LH/FSH ratio as candidates. Cut‐off values coincided with the medians of the candidates in the two assay systems using a regression equation. We calculated the endocrinological abnormality rate in PCOS according to the JSOG criteria by abnormal LH secretion and elevated T.ResultsCut‐off values for LH (mIU/mL) and the LH/FSH ratio were 7.1 and 1.21, respectively, in ARCHITECT, and 9.9 and 1.51, respectively, in ECLusys. The detection rates of endocrinological abnormalities in PCOS were 72.2% and 70.6% in the nonoverweight/obese PCOS group and overweight/obese PCOS group, respectively, in ARCHITECT, and 69.4% and 73.5%, respectively, in ECLusys.ConclusionWe obtained cut‐off values of LH and the LH/FSH ratio for diagnostic criteria of JSOG criteria for PCOS, that were highly compatible between two major assay systems. These cut‐off values will contribute to the diagnosis of PCOS in Japan and presumably in women of Asian ethnicities.
Sexuality and the Second Slavery: Figuring Sexuality in Racialized Labor Formations
Authors: Stephens Michael L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFrom the seventeenth to the late nineteenth century, sexuality was a key factor in the reorganization of New World slavery through the period described as the Second Slavery. With the early nineteenth century bans on the transatlantic slave trade initiated by the United States and the British Empire, there was a corresponding transition from prior plantation economies focused on US Upper South tobacco and Caribbean sugar islands toward more differentiated forms of labor based on hiring out in domestic services, manufacture, and the expansion into new frontiers of accumulation in the New South of the Mississippi Delta, Cuba, and Brazil. This qualitative change and expansion of New World slavery carried gendered understandings based on the sexuality and reproductive capabilities of enslaved people. Using Tomich's conception of the Second Slavery, I incorporate an analysis that demonstrates how conceptions of sexuality were integral to racializing and gendering processes of subordination that reveal the heterogeneity of the historical and economic moment.
Four‐dimensional digital subtraction angiography to assess cerebral arteriovenous malformations
Authors: Xiang Weichu , Yan Linhai , Zhao Yueyuan , Yang Ming , Bai Sanli , Ma Lianting , Pan Li 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground and PurposeThe performance of a novel prototype four‐dimensional (4D) digital subtraction angiography (DSA) for cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM) diagnosis was evaluated and compared with that of two‐dimensional (2D) and three‐dimensional (3D) DSA.MethodsIn this retrospective study, 37 consecutive cerebral AVM patients were included. The standard diagnostic results were concluded from the 2D and 3D DSA. Two 4D DSA volumes were reconstructed for each patient by a commercial and a prototype software, then evaluated by two independent experienced neurosurgeons, who were blinded to the diagnosis and treatment process. The evaluation results were compared with the diagnostic results on Spetzler‐Martin (SM) Grading Scale, number of feeding arteries, number of draining veins, and intranidal aneurysms.ResultsComplete agreement was achieved between 4D DSA and 2D and 3D DSA in SM Grading Scale and intracranial aneurysm identification (agreement coefficient: 1) for both reviewers. The agreement coefficients were .888 and .917 for both reviewers in feeding artery number determination using 4D DSA product and 4D DSA prototype, respectively. The agreement coefficients in draining vein number determination were all larger than .94 for both reviewers using both 4D DSA volumes.ConclusionsThe performance of this prototype 4D DSA in cerebral AVMs diagnosis was largely equivalent to that of 2D and 3D DSA combination. Four‐dimensional DSA can be regarded as a very good complement for 2D DSA in cerebral AVM diagnosis.
Clinical survey of current practice regarding treatment of children with borderline thyroid abnormalities
Authors: Lain Samantha , Nassar Natasha , Jack Michelle 
Published: October 2022

AimRecently, there has been debate about reducing newborn screening (NBS) thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) cut‐offs to identify children with mild, but potentially clinically significant, thyroid deficiency. Once identified by NBS, these children will be referred to paediatric endocrinologists for further testing and possible treatment; however, variation in current clinical practice is not known. The aim of this study is to survey Paediatric Endocrinologists in Australia and New Zealand to gain insight into clinical practice for the treatment of mild thyroid deficiency.MethodsA piloted questionnaire was sent to members of the Australasian Paediatric Endocrinologist Group. The survey asked the Australasian Paediatric Endocrinologist Group members about the investigations performed, treatment and follow‐up for infants with different confirmatory serum TSH levels.ResultsThere were 42 completed surveys, a response rate of 34%. When presented with four case studies, 7% of clinicians would treat a child with confirmatory serum TSH of 8.7 mU/L with thyroxine, 69% would treat a child with confirmatory serum TSH 21.4 mU/L, 76% would treat a child with confirmatory serum TSH 24.3 mU/L and 95% would treat a child with confirmatory serum TSH 44.7 mU/L.ConclusionThis contemporary survey of clinicians regarding the treatment of mild thyroid deficiency in children has shown that clinical practice varies extensively. International and national guidelines on the treatment of congenital hypothyroidism should be updated to incorporate new evidence and ensure consistency across clinical practice.
A fijiviral nonstructural protein triggers cell death in plant and bacterial cells via its transmembrane domain
Authors: Yuan Zhengjie , Geng Yanfei , Dai Yuanxing , Li Jing , Lv Mingfang , Liao Qiansheng , Xie Li , Zhang Heng‐Mu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSouthern rice black‐streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV; Fijivirus, Reoviridae) has become a threat to cereal production in East Asia in recent years. Our previous cytopathologic studies have suggested that SRBSDV induces a process resembling programmed cell death in infected tissues that results in distinctive growth abnormalities. The viral product responsible for the cell death, however, remains unknown. Here P9‐2 protein, but not its RNA, was shown to induce cell death in Escherichia coli and plant cells when expressed either locally with a transient expression vector or systemically using a heterologous virus. Both computer prediction and fluorescent assays indicated that the viral nonstructural protein was targeted to the plasma membrane (PM) and further modification of its subcellular localization abolished its ability to induce cell death, indicating that its PM localization was required for the cell death induction. P9‐2 was predicted to harbour two transmembrane helices within its central hydrophobic domain. A series of mutation assays further showed that its central transmembrane hydrophobic domain was crucial for cell death induction and that its conserved F90, Y101, and L103 amino acid residues could play synergistic roles in maintaining its ability to induce cell death. Its homologues in other fijiviruses also induced cell death in plant and bacterial cells, implying that the fijiviral nonstructural protein may trigger cell death by targeting conserved cellular factors or via a highly conserved mechanism.
T‐cell dysfunction as a potential contributing factor in post‐COVID‐19 mucormycosis
Authors: Dandu Himanshu , Kumar Manish , Malhotra Hardeep Singh , Kumar Naveen , Kumar Neeraj , Gupta Prashant , Puri Bipin , Yadav Geeta 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe second wave of COVID‐19 in India was followed by large number of mucormycosis cases. Indiscriminate use of immunosuppressive drugs, underlying diseases such as diabetes, cancers, or autoimmune diseases was thought to be the cause. However, the mortality was not as high as that seen in non‐COVID mucormycosis.ObjectiveTo study the detailed characteristics of T‐cells for evaluating the underlying differences in the T‐cell immune dysfunction in post‐COVID and non‐COVID mucor patients.Material and methodThe study included histopathologically confirmed cases of mucor (13 post‐COVID, 13 non‐COVID) and 15 healthy individuals (HI). Expression of T‐cell activation (CD44, HLADR, CD69, CD38) and exhaustion (CTLA, PD‐1, LAG‐3 and TIM‐3) markers was evaluated by flow cytometry.ResultsAll cases showed significant depletion of T‐cells compared to HI. Both post‐COVID and non‐COVID groups showed increased activation and exhaustion as compared to HI. Non‐COVID mucor group showed significant activation of CD4+ T cells for HLADR and CD38 (p = .025, p = .054) and marked T‐cell exhaustion in form of expression of LAG‐3 on both CD4+ T and CD8+ T cells in comparison with post‐COVID patients (p = .011, p = .036). Additionally, co‐expression of PD‐1 & LAG‐3 and LAG‐3 & TIM‐3 on CD8+ T cells was statistically significant in non‐COVID mucor patients (p = .016, p = .027).ConclusionImmunosuppression in non‐COVID mucor showed pronounced exhaustion of T‐cells in comparison to post‐COVID mucor cases implicating T‐cell immune dysfunction is much more severe in non‐COVID mucor which are in a state of continuous activation followed by extreme exhaustion leading to poorer outcome.
National subjects and subversive subjectivity: Deportation and the paradox of the anarchist citizen in the era of theFirst Red Scare
Authors: Zimmer Kenyon 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAccording to the Westphalian system of international law, all people are meant to be citizens or subjects of territorially bounded and sovereign nation‐states, which in turn guarantee certain rights to, and impose certain duties upon, their members. Anarchism, by contrast, is predicated upon a rejection of the legitimacy of state sovereignty, and a refutation of the justness and practicability of representative government. Anarchists took individual and collective “self‐determination” to their logical extremes—and in the process confounded state legal regimes and bureaucracies that understood national belonging and individual rights only in terms of citizenship. From the perspective of the United States, alien anarchists “belonged” back in their countries of origin, but from those European states' perspective, anarchists had no place in their national communities. This article examines how both radicals and governments in the era of America's “First Red Scare” engaged with the rules governing the interstate system. As individual radicals, government functionaries, and international diplomats wrestled to define where anarchists belonged in the international order of nation‐states, the solutions they found simultaneously reinforced the boundaries of the Westphalian system and revealed contradictions and fissures within it.
Theorising the anti‐nation: George Woodcock, anarchism, and Canadian nationalism
Authors: Adams Matthew S 
Published: October 2022

AbstractGeorge Woodcock was anarchism's most influential historian and an important public intellectual in Canada. This article focuses on his engagement with Canadian nationalism in the 1960s and 1970s. It argues that a ‘philosophical anarchism’ was at the heart of his intellectual project, and this informed his reading of Canadian cultural development and subsequent political challenge to Pierre Elliott Trudeau's civic nationalism. Woodcock decoupled the concepts of ‘nation’ and ‘state’ in order to develop a radically different model for Canada—the ‘anti‐nation’—defined by regionalism, federalism and direct democracy. His reading of Canada's cultural history supporting this position was therefore part of a strategy to repurpose nationalist rhetoric towards anti‐state ends.
Nonsymbiotic legumes are more invasive, but only if polyploid
Authors: Parshuram Zoe A. , Harrison Tia L. , Simonsen Anna K. , Stinchcombe John R. , Frederickson Megan E. 
Published: October 2022

Summary

Both mutualism and polyploidy are thought to influence invasion success in plants, but few studies have tested their joint effects. Mutualism can limit range expansion when plants cannot find a compatible partner in a novel habitat, or facilitate range expansion when mutualism increases a plant's niche breadth. Polyploids are also expected to have greater niche breadth because of greater self‐compatibility and phenotypic plasticity, increasing invasion success.

For 847 legume species, we compiled data from published sources to estimate ploidy, symbiotic status with rhizobia, specificity on rhizobia, and the number of introduced ranges.

We found that diploid species have had limited spread around the globe regardless of whether they are symbiotic or how many rhizobia partners they can host. Polyploids, by contrast, have been successfully introduced to many new ranges, but interactions with rhizobia constrain their range expansion. In a hidden state model of trait evolution, we also found evidence of a high rate of re‐diploidization in symbiotic legume lineages, suggesting that symbiosis and ploidy may interact at macroevolutionary scales.

Overall, our results suggest that symbiosis with rhizobia limits range expansion when legumes are polyploid but not diploid.
The Standing and Sitting Spino‐Pelvic Sagittal Alignment in Patients with Instrumented Lumbar Fusion Might Correlate with Adjacent Segment Degeneration
Authors: Zhou Siyu , Zhong Woquan , Sun Zhuoran , Guo Yang , Zhao Yi , Li Wei , Li Weishi 
Published: October 2022

ObjectivesSitting is a common weight‐bearing posture, like standing, but there still lacks enough understanding of sagittal alignment in sitting position for patients after lumbar fusion. This study aimed to investigate the accommodation of fixed spine from standing to sitting position and its influence on unfused segments.MethodsSixty‐two patients after lumbar fusion (test group) and 40 healthy volunteers (control group) were recruited in this research. All subjects underwent lateral radiographs of entire spine in the standing and sitting positions. The spinopelvic parameters including sagittal vertical axis (SVA), T1 pelvic angle (TPA), lumbar lordosis (LL), thoracic kyphosis (TK), and pelvic tilt (PT) were measured. The changes in parameters of patients between two positions were compared with control group, and patients were divided in different groups based on fusion level and their parameters were compared.ResultsWhen changing from standing to sitting positions, a forward‐moving SVA and TPA were observed in both patients and control groups, accompanied by the decrease in LL, TK and increase in PT, but the changes of patients were smaller in TPA, LL, and TK (6.5° ± 7.2° vs 9.7° ± 6.0°, 7.7° ± 8.3° vs 13.6° ± 8.5°, 2.2° ± 6.5° vs 5.4° ± 5.1°, respectively, p < 0.05). Increase of PT in the lumbosacral fixation group was lower than that in the control group (4.4° ± 9.1° vs 8.3° ± 7.1°, p < 0.05). Patients who had adjacent segments degeneration (ASD) showed more kyphosis in unfused lumbar segments than the other patients (16.4° ± 10.7° vs −1.0° ± 4.8°, p < 0.05) from standing to sitting.ConclusionsThe spine straightens in lumbar and thoracic curve, combined with forward‐moving axis and pelvic retroversion when changing to the sitting position. However, these changes are relatively limited in patients after lumbar fusion, so the adjacent unfused lumbar segments compensate to stress during sitting and this may be related to ASD.
Sirtuin 7 is essential for the survival and synthesis of oestrogen in yak (Bos grunniens) cumulus granulosa cells
Authors: Gao Shaoshuai , Yang Liuqing , Yang Xue , Xiong Yan , Fu Wei , Li Jian , Yin Shi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCumulus granulosa cells (CGCs) are a type of important ovarian somatic cells that carries out various functions related to oogenesis, follicular development and embryogenesis. The study on the development and function of CGCs facilitates the understanding of reproductive regulation in female animals. Sirtuin 7 (SIRT7) is a member of the sirtuin family of NAD+‐dependent deacetylases mediating numerous biological processes. In this study, we detected the localization of SIRT7 in yak ovaries as well as explored the function of SIRT7 in yak CGCs. The results revealed that the SIRT7 protein was mainly localized in the cytoplasm of oocytes, granulosa cells and theca cells. The knockdown of SIRT7 in yak CGCs repressed cell proliferation and impacted the expressions of several apoptosis‐related genes. Furthermore, oestrogen synthesis was also inhibited in SIRT7‐deficient yak CGCs. The expressions of several sterogenesis‐related genes decreased significantly following SIRT7 knockdown. In addition, the lack of SIRT7 in yak CGCs resulted in decreased levels of the TGFB/SMAD family members TGFB1, TGFBR1 SMAD2 and SMAD3. Moreover, the activation of the TGFB/SMAD pathway by adding TGFB/SMAD pathway activator SRI‐011381 partially rescued the level of oestrogen secreted by SIRT7‐deficient yak CGCs, as well as the expressions of steroidogenesis‐related genes NR5A1 and CYP19A1. This research is the first to focus on the role of SIRT7 in yak ovary, and the outcomes offer new insights into the mechanism governing yak reproduction.
Role of skin autofluorescence in managing renal and cardiac diseases in outpatient dermatology
Authors: Etaee Farshid , Naguib Tarek , Goldust Mohamad , Daveluy Steven , Maibach Howard 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe accumulation of tissue‐advanced glycation end products in skin results from complex and consecutive reactions and can be measured by skin autofluorescence (SAF) reader devices. This overview discusses studies evaluating the utilization of SAF in screening renal and cardiac disease.Materials and methodsLiterature search was performed using Google Scholar, PubMed, Springer, Ovid, and ScienceDirect.ResultsSAF was an independent predictor of progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and was elevated in subjects on hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. Furthermore, SAF was significantly associated with cardiovascular events, cardiovascular mortality, and all‐cause mortality in CKD patients. Other studies revealed a correlation between SAF and arterial stiffness, vascular damage, and subclinical atherosclerosis. A vegetarian diet was associated with lower SAF levels, whereas malnutrition was correlated with higher levels and increased mortality.ConclusionsSAF measurement may be useful in managing renal and cardiac disease. Future studies are needed to clarify the specific role of SAF in the management of CKD and its noninvasive office utilization to identify comorbidities in inflammatory diseases, such as psoriasis.
BAHD acyltransferase induced by histone deacetylase inhibitor catalyzes 3‐O‐hydroxycinnamoylquinic acid formation in bamboo cells
Authors: Nomura Taiji , Yoneda Akari , Kato Yasuo 
Published: October 2022

SUMMARYSuspension‐cultured cells of a bamboo species (Bambusa multiplex; Bm) produce 3‐O‐feruloylquinic acid (3‐FQA) and 3‐O‐p‐coumaroylquinic acid (3‐pCQA) by treatment with the histone deacetylase inhibitor suberoyl bis‐hydroxamic acid (SBHA). Acyltransferases catalyzing the formation of 5‐O‐hydroxycinnamoylquinic acid esters by transesterification from hydroxycinnamoyl‐CoAs to the C‐5 hydroxy group of quinic acid (hydroxycinnamoyl‐CoA:quinate hydroxycinnamoyltransferase, HQT) have been identified in the biosynthesis of chlorogenic acids and monolignols; however, an HQT that catalyzes the acylation of the C‐3 hydroxy group of quinic acid has not been identified previously. In the present study, we purified a native HQT from SBHA‐treated Bm cells. The purified enzyme preferentially accepted feruloyl‐/p‐coumaroyl‐CoAs as acyl‐donors and quinic acid as the acyl‐acceptor, and the enzyme specifically formed 3‐FQA and 3‐pCQA but not 5‐O‐hydroxycinnamoylquinic acid esters or esters with shikimic acid. A cDNA (BmHQT1) encoding this HQT was isolated. Although BmHQT1 is a phylogenetically unique member of the BAHD acyltransferase superfamily that does not cluster with other HQTs, functional characterization of the recombinant enzyme verified that BmHQT1 catalyzes the regiospecific formation of 3‐O‐hydroxycinnamoylquinic acid esters. Transcript levels of BmHQT1 markedly increased in Bm cells cultured in the presence of SBHA. Moreover, elevated acetylation levels of histone H3 were observed in the coding region of BmHQT1 in the presence of SBHA, indicating that the induced accumulation of 3‐FQA/3‐pCQA by SBHA is caused by transcriptional activation of BmHQT1 by the action of SBHA as a histone deacetylase inhibitor. The results demonstrate the utility of HDAC inhibitors for discovery of cryptic secondary metabolites and unknown biosynthetic enzymes.
ZmLBD5, a class‐IILBD gene, negatively regulates drought tolerance by impairing abscisic acid synthesis
Authors: Feng Xuanjun , Xiong Jing , Zhang Weixiao , Guan Huarui , Zheng Dan , Xiong Hao , Jia Li , Hu Yue , Zhou Hanmei , Wen Ying , Zhang Xuemei , Wu Fengkai , Wang Qingjun , Xu Jie , Lu Yanli 
Published: October 2022

SUMMARYLateral organ boundaries domain (LBD) proteins are plant‐specific transcription factors. Class‐I LBD genes have been widely demonstrated to play pivotal roles in organ development; however, knowledge on class‐II genes remains limited. Here, we report that ZmLBD5, a class‐II LBD gene, is involved in the regulation of maize (Zea mays) growth and the drought response by affecting gibberellin (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA) synthesis. ZmLBD5 is mainly involved in regulation of the TPS‐KS‐GA2ox gene module, which is comprised of key enzyme‐encoding genes involved in GA and ABA biosynthesis. ABA insufficiency increases stomatal density and aperture in overexpression plants and causes a drought‐sensitive phenotype by promoting water transpiration. Increased GA1 levels promotes seedling growth in overexpression plants. Accordingly, CRISPR/Cas9 knockout lbd5 seedlings are dwarf but drought‐tolerant. Moreover, lbd5 has a higher grain yield under drought stress conditions and shows no penalty in well‐watered conditions compared to the wild type. On the whole, ZmLBD5 is a negative regulator of maize drought tolerance, and it is a potentially useful target for drought resistance breeding.