bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterizing human movement patterns using GPS data loggers in an area of persistent malaria in Zimbabwe along the Mozambique border
Authors: Hast Marisa , Mharakurwa Sungano , Shields Timothy M. , Lubinda Jailos , Searle Kelly , Gwanzura Lovemore , Munyati Shungu , Moss William J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Human mobility is a driver for the reemergence or resurgence of malaria and has been identified as a source of cross-border transmission. However, movement patterns are difficult to measure in rural areas where malaria risk is high. In countries with malaria elimination goals, it is essential to determine the role of mobility on malaria transmission to implement appropriate interventions.

Methods
A study was conducted in Mutasa District, Zimbabwe, to investigate human movement patterns in an area of persistent transmission along the Mozambique border. Over 1 year, a convenience sample of 20 participants/month was recruited from active malaria surveillance cohorts to carry an IgotU® GT-600 global positioning system (GPS) data logger during all daily activities. Consenting participants were tested for malaria at data logger distribution using rapid antigen diagnostic tests and completed a survey questionnaire. GPS data were analyzed using a trajectory analysis tool, and participant movement patterns were characterized throughout the study area and across the border into Mozambique using movement intensity maps, activity space plots, and statistical analyses.

Results
From June 2016–May 2017, 184 participants provided movement tracks encompassing > 350,000 data points and nearly 8000 person-days. Malaria prevalence at logger distribution was 3.7%. Participants traveled a median of 2.8 km/day and spent a median of 4.6 h/day away from home. Movement was widespread within and outside the study area, with participants traveling up to 500 km from their homes. Indices of mobility were higher in the dry season than the rainy season (median km traveled/day = 3.5 vs. 2.2, P = 0.03), among male compared to female participants (median km traveled/day = 3.8 vs. 2.0, P = 0.0008), and among adults compared to adolescents (median total km traveled = 104.6 vs. 59.5, P = 0.05). Half of participants traveled outside the study area, and 30% traveled into Mozambique, including 15 who stayed in Mozambique overnight.

Conclusions
Study participants in Mutasa District, Zimbabwe, were highly mobile throughout the year. Many participants traveled long distances from home, including overnight trips into Mozambique, with clear implications for malaria control. Interventions targeted at mobile populations and cross-border transmission may be effective in preventing malaria introductions in this region.
A Malaysian consensus recommendation for the prevention of influenza in older persons
Authors: Tan Maw-Pin , Sekawi Zamberi , Abdul Manap Roslina , Razali Rizah Mazzuin , Mahadzir Hazlina , Nordin Nordiana , Koh Kar-Chai , Wong Pui-Li , Hasmuk Kejal , Harrun Noor Harzana , Mokhtar Siti Aisah 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundOlder persons are at high-risk of developing severe complications from influenza. This consensus statement was developed to provide guidance on appropriate influenza prevention strategies relevant to the Malaysian healthcare setting.MethodsUnder the initiative of the Malaysian Influenza Working Group (MIWG), a panel comprising 11 multi-speciality physicians was convened to develop a consensus statement. Using a modified Delphi process, the panellists reviewed published evidence on various influenza management interventions and synthesised 10 recommendations for the prevention of influenza among the aged population via group discussions and a blinded rating exercise.ResultsOverall, annual influenza vaccination is recommended for individuals aged ≥ 60 years, particularly those with specific medical conditions or residing in aged care facilities (ACFs). There is no preference for a particular vaccine type in this target population. Antiviral agents can be given for post-exposure chemoprophylaxis or when vaccine contraindication exists. Infection control measures should serve as adjuncts to prevent the spread of influenza, especially during Hajj.ConclusionThis consensus statement presents 10 evidence-based recommendations that can be adopted by healthcare providers to prevent influenza among the aged population in Malaysia. It could also serve as a basis for health policy planning in other lower- and middle-income countries.
Amyloid-β and APOE genotype predict memory decline in cognitively unimpaired older individuals independently of Alzheimer’s disease polygenic risk score
Authors: Tomassen Jori , den Braber Anouk , van der Lee Sven J. , Reus Lianne M. , Konijnenberg Elles , Carter Stephen F. , Yaqub Maqsood , van Berckel Bart N.M. , Collij Lyduine E. , Boomsma Dorret I. , de Geus Eco J.C. , Scheltens Philip , Herholz Karl , Tijms Betty M. , Visser Pieter Jelle 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackground:What combination of risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are most predictive of cognitive decline in cognitively unimpaired individuals remains largely unclear. We studied associations betweenAPOEgenotype, AD-Polygenic Risk Scores (AD-PRS), amyloid-β pathology and decline in cognitive functioning over time in a large sample of cognitively unimpaired older individuals.Methods:We included 276 cognitively unimpaired older individuals (75 ± 10 years, 63% female) from the EMIF-AD PreclinAD cohort. An AD-PRS was calculated including 83 genome-wide significant variants. TheAPOEgene was not included in the PRS and was analyzed separately. Baseline amyloid-β status was assessed by visual read of [18F]flutemetamol-PET standardized uptake value images. At baseline and follow-up (2.0 ± 0.4 years), the cognitive domains of memory, attention, executive function, and language were measured. We used generalized estimating equations corrected for age, sex and center to examine associations betweenAPOEgenotype and AD-PRS with amyloid-β status. Linear mixed models corrected for age, sex, center and education were used to examine associations betweenAPOEgenotype, AD-PRS and amyloid-β status, and their interaction on changes in cognitive functioning over time.Results:Fifty-two participants (19%) had abnormal amyloid-β, and 84 participants (31%) carried at least oneAPOEε4 allele.APOEgenotype and AD-PRS were both associated with abnormal amyloid-β status. Increasingly more risk-fullAPOEgenotype, a high AD-PRS and an abnormal amyloid-β status were associated with steeper decline in memory functioning in separate models (all p ≤ 0.02). A model including 4-way interaction term (APOE×AD-PRS×amyloid-β×time) was not significant. When modelled together, bothAPOEgenotype and AD-PRS predicted steeper decline in memory functioning (APOEβ(SE)=-0.05(0.02); AD-PRS β(SE)=-0.04(0.01)). Additionally, when modelled together, both amyloid-β status and AD-PRS predicted a steeper decline in memory functioning (amyloid-β β(SE)=-0.07(0.04); AD-PRS β(SE)=-0.04(0.01)). Modelling bothAPOEgenotype and amyloid-β status, we observed an interaction, in whichAPOEgenotype was related to steeper decline in memory and language functioning in amyloid-β abnormal individuals only (β(SE)=-0.13(0.06); β(SE)=-0.22(0.07), respectively).Conclusion:Our results suggest thatAPOEgenotype is related to steeper decline in memory and language functioning in individuals with abnormal amyloid-β only. Furthermore, independent of amyloid-β status other genetic risk variants contribute to memory decline in initially cognitively unimpaired older individuals.
Experiences of mothers and significant others in accessing comprehensive healthcare in the first 1000 days of life post-conception during COVID-19 in rural Uganda
Authors: Nakate Mary-Grace , Mackay Sean , Ndirangu-Mugo Eunice , Fleming Valerie 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
COVID-19 presented an unprecedented global public health challenge because of its rapid and relentless spread, and many countries instituted lockdowns to prevent the spread of infection. Although this strategy may have been appropriate to reduce infection, it presented unintended difficulties in rural Uganda, especially in maternal and born newborn care. For example, some services were suspended, meaning the nearest health facility was at a considerable distance. This study explored the experiences of mothers and their significant others of comprehensive care in the first 1000 days of life post-conception during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bunghokho-Mutoto sub-county, Mbale District, Uganda.

Methods
A qualitative exploratory descriptive design was used with data collected in semi-structured interviews. Mothers (pregnant or with a child under 2 years) and their significant others were purposively recruited for this study. The sample size (N = 14) was determined by data saturation. Data. were analysed using thematic analysis.

Results
One theme emerged “Increasing barriers to healthcare”, which encompassed six sub-themes: accessing healthcare, distressing situations, living in fear, making forced choices, navigating the gatekeepers, and ‘coping with increased poverty.

Conclusion
This study found that the COVID-19 pandemic increased barriers to accessing healthcare services in the region. Participants’ narratives emphasised the lack of access to expert care and the shortage of skilled health workers, especially midwives.
Prognostic significance of preoperative prognostic immune and nutritional index in patients with stage I–III colorectal cancer
Authors: Xie Hailun , Wei Lishuang , Liu Mingxiang , Liang Yanren , Yuan Guanghui , Gao Shunhui , Wang Qiwen , Lin Xin , Tang Shuangyi , Gan Jialiang 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
To explore the value of preoperative prognostic immune and nutritional index (PINI) in predicting postoperative complications and long-term outcomes in patients with stage I–III colorectal cancer (CRC).

Methods
Restricted cubic splines were used to assess the relationship between PINI and survival in patients with CRC. The Kaplan–Meier method and log-rank test were used to plot the survival curves. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate independent prognostic predictors in patients with CRC. A logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent predictors of postoperative complications. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) logistic regression algorithm was used for feature screening.

Results
An evident positive dose–response relationship between PINI and survival in patients with CRC was identified. Compared with patients with a high PINI, those with a low PINI had worse disease-free survival (DFS) (47.9% vs. 66.9%, p < 0.001) and overall survival (OS) (49.7% vs. 70.2%, p < 0.001). The Cox proportional hazards model revealed that PINI was independently associated with DFS (hazard ratio [HR], 0.823; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.754–0.898; p < 0.001) and OS (HR, 0.833; 95% CI, 0.761–0.912; p < 0.001) in patients with CRC. In the logistic regression analysis, PINI was an independent factor affecting postoperative complications in patients with CRC (odds ratio, 0.710; 95%CI: 0.610–0.810, p < 0.001). The LASSO logistic regression algorithm was used to screen for effective prognostic variables. Finally, we constructed PINI-based nomograms to predict postoperative 1–5-year PFS, and OS in patients with CRC.

Conclusion
PINI is an effective biomarker for predicting postoperative complications, DFS, and OS in patients with stage I–III CRC.
Demographic, Clinical Profile and Outcomes of Neonates Admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Dekemhare Hospital, Eritrea
Authors: Gebremariam Hailemichael , Tesfai Berhe , Tewelde Seltene , Abay Samsom , Tekeste Danait , Kibreab Fitsum 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Ninety-six percent of the world’s 3 million neonatal deaths occur in developing countries where the majority of births occur outside health facility. The objective of this study was to evaluate the demographic, clinical profile and outcome of neonates admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Dekemhare Hospital of Eritrea.

Methods
The study was a retrospective register-based review of all neonates admitted from January 2018 to December 2021 to Dekemhare Hospital. Overall, 509 neonates were enrolled in this study. Data were collected from neonatal register book from January 5 to February 5, 2022 by general practitioners using a predesigned data collection tool. Data entry was done using CSpro 7.3 and analyzed through SPSS version 22. Results were presented in frequencies, percent and odds ratio. Univariable and multivariable analysis was done to measure the association between the variables.

Results
Three quarter (75.6%) of the neonates had normal birth weight and 80.0% were term. Majority (75.4%) of the neonates was delivered vaginally and 92.7% were delivered at health facility. Neonatal infection (33.0%), birth asphyxia (20%) and prematurity (14.3%) were the top three primary causes of neonatal admission to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Furthermore, 31% of neonatal deaths occurred during 24-72 hours of their life and the mortality rate was 16.3%. Multivariable analysis indicated that low birth weight (AOR: 7.28; 95%CI: 2.85-18.55) increased neonatal mortality. Whereas delivery at health facility (AOR: 0.17; 95%CI: 0.06–0.47), hospital stay 4-7 days (AOR: 0.06; 95% CI: 0.02-0.23) and above 8 days (AOR: 0.06; 95%CI: 0.02-0.23) were showing protective effect on neonatal mortality.

Conclusion
Congenital abnormality, prematurity and birth asphyxia had higher case fatality rate. And, low birth weight, delivery at health facility and hospital stay were found to be predictors of neonatal mortality. Training of health professionals on neonatal resuscitation, further improvement on the diagnostic setup, treatment tools, infrastructure and raising community awareness to deliver at health facility are crucial to decrease the neonatal mortality in Eritrea.
A systematic review of individual and ecological determinants of maternal mortality in the world based on the income level of countries
Authors: Tajvar Maryam , Hajizadeh Alireza , Zalvand Rostam 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
This systematic review was conducted to map the literature on all the existing evidence regarding individual and ecological determinants of maternal mortality in the world and to classify them based on the income level of countries. Such a systematic review had not been conducted before.

Methods
We conducted an electronic search for primary and review articles using “Maternal Mortality” and “Determinant” as keywords or MeSH terms in their Title or Abstract, indexed in Scopus, PubMed, and Google with no time or geographical limitation and also hand searching was performed for most relevant journals. STROBE and Glasgow university critical appraisal checklists were used for quality assessment of the included studies. Data of the determinants were extracted and classified into individual or ecological categories based on income level of the countries according to World Bank classification.

Results
In this review, 109 original studies and 12 review articles from 33 countries or at global level met the inclusion criteria. Most studies were published after 2013. Most literature studied determinants of low and lower-middle-income countries. The most important individual determinants in low and lower-middle-income countries were location of birth, maternal education, any delays in health services seeking, prenatal care and skilled birth attendance. Household-related determinants in low-income countries included improved water source and sanitation system, region of residence, house condition, wealth of household, and husband education. Additionally, ecological determinants including human resources, access to medical equipment and facilities, total fertility rate, health financing system, country income, poverty rate, governance, education, employment, social protection, gender inequality, and human development index were found to be important contributors in maternal mortality. A few factors were more important in higher-income countries than lower-income countries including parity, IVF births, older mothers, and type of delivery.

Conclusion
A comprehensive list of factors associated with maternal death was gathered through this systematic review, most of which were related to lower-income countries. It seems that the income level of the countries makes a significant difference in determinants of maternal mortality in the world.
Determinants of early marriage among married women in nine high fertility sub-Saharan African countries: a multilevel analysis of recent demographic and health surveys
Authors: Belachew Tadele Biresaw , Negash Wubshet Debebe , Kefale Getachew Teshale , Tafere Tesfahun Zemene , Asmamaw Desale Bihonegn 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Early marriage is global issue that seriously harms women’s personal development and rights. Regarding this, information about married women’s early marriage is inadequate in the world, including sub-Saharan Africa; therefore, this study aimed to assess the early marriage of women in the top nine highly fertile SSA countries.

Methods
Data for this study was obtained from the most recent Demographic and Health Surveys. A total weighted sample of 121,077 married reproductive-age women was included. A multilevel mixed-effect binary logistic regression model was fitted to identify the significant associated factors of early marriage. As a final step, the Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) was used with a confidence interval of 95% in determining statistical significance.

Results
Overall prevalence of early marriage was 55.11% (95% CI: 54.8, 55.4) and ranged from 28.11% in Burundi to 80.77% in Niger. The factors significantly associated with early marriage were women’s educational status; primary education (AOR = 0.39; 95% CI: 0.38, 0.41), secondary and higher (AOR = 0.1; 95% CI: 0.09, 0.11), employed (AOR = 0.73; 95% CI: 0.71, 0 .75), classified as rich wealth index level (AOR = 0.87; 95% CI: 0.85, 0.91), a number of family size ≥ 7 (AOR = 1.28; 95% CI: 1.23, 1.33), community-level poverty, (AOR = 1.28; 95% CI: 1.23, 1.33) and rural residency (AOR = 1.16;95% CI: 1.12, 1.21).

Conclusion
Marriage before the age of 18 is moderately high in high-fertility countries. Therefore, the respective countries government should give due attention to access to education, and encourage the participation of women in making marriage-related decisions, especially those residing in rural areas.
Effect of liver dysfunction on outcome of radioactive iodine therapy for Graves’ disease
Authors: Ze Yuyang , Shao Fei , Feng Xuefeng , Shen Shanmei , Bi Yan , Zhu Dalong , Zhang Xiaowen 
Published: December 2022

AbstractLiver dysfunction is a common complication of Graves’ disease (GD) that may be caused by excessive thyroid hormone (TH) or anti-thyroid drugs (ATDs). Radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy is one of the first-line treatments for GD, but it is unclear whether it is safe and effective in patients with liver dysfunction. 510 consecutive patients with GD receiving first RAI were enrolled in the study, and followed up at 3-, 6- and 12-month. Liver dysfunction was recorded in 222 (43.5%) patients. GD patients with liver dysfunction had higher serum levels of free triiodothyronine (FT3) (median 27.6 vs. 20.6 pmol/L, p < 0.001) and free thyroxine (FT4) (median 65.4 vs. 53.5 pmol/L, p < 0.001) levels than those with normal liver function. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that duration of disease (OR = 0.951, 95% CI: 0.992–0.980, p = 0.001) and male gender (OR = 1.106, 95% CI: 1.116–2.384; p = 0.011) were significant differential factors for liver dysfunction. Serum TSH levels were higher in patients with liver dysfunction at all 3 follow-up time points (p = 0.014, 0.008, and 0.025 respectively). FT3 level was lower in patients with liver dysfunction at 3-month follow-up (p = 0.047), but the difference disappeared at 6 and 12 months (p = 0.351 and 0.264 respectively). The rate of euthyroidism or hypothyroidism was higher in patients with liver dysfunction than in those with normal liver function at 3 months (74.5% vs 62.5%; p = 0.005) and 6 months (82.1% vs 69.1%; p = 0.002) after RAI treatment, but the difference did not persist at 12-month follow-up (89.6% vs 83.2%, p = 0.081).There were no statistically significant differences in treatment efficacy (94.48% vs 90.31%, p = 0.142), incidence of early-onset hypothyroidism (87.73% vs 83.67%, p = 0.277), and recurrence rate (4.91% vs 7.14%, p = 0.379) between the 2 groups at 12-month follow-up. In conclusion, the efficacy of RAI was comparable in GD patients with liver dysfunction and those with normal liver function.
Increased dental visits in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a secondary cohort analysis of population based claims data
Authors: Juan Ching-Ya , Hsu Chia-Wen , Lu Ming-Chi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Objective
To study the utilization of dental care in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and compare the incidence of common dental disorders in patients with and without RA.

Methods
This data used in this study was from the population-based Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database. We identified 1337 patients with newly diagnosed RA between January 2000 and December 2012. We also identified 13,370 individual without a diagnosis of RA using frequency matching on 5-year age intervals, sex, and index year. Patients with a diagnosis of primary Sjögren's syndrome were excluded. Dental disorders were identified using respective ICD-9-CM codes confirmed by dentists. The incidence and incidence rate ratio [IRR] of each dental disorders were calculated using Poisson regression.

Results
Compared with the comparison cohort, the prevalence of dentist visits in the RA cohort were significantly higher (70.3% vs. 66.7%, p = 0.008) and the frequency of dentist visits in the RA cohort were also significantly higher (median 2.67 vs. 1.78 per year, p < 0.001). In addition, the incidence of visits for dental caries (adjusted IRR 1.16, p < 0.001), pulpitis (adjusted IRR 1.12, p = 0.044), gingivitis (adjusted IRR 1.13, p = 0.027), periodontitis (adjusted IRR 1.13, p = 0.004), and oral ulcer (adjusted IRR 1.24, p = 0.003) were higher in patients with RA.

Conclusions
An elevated prevalence and frequency of dental visits were associated with patients with RA. In addition, elevated incidence of dental disorders, including dental caries, pulpitis, gingivitis, periodontitis, and oral ulceration, were observed. Oral health should be accessed regularly in patients with RA.