bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sweetcorn, Corn Earworm Control, 1978
Authors: All J. N. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Funks G80 planted Mar 30, 1978, University of Georgia Experiment Station, Oconee Co. Soil type was applying sandy loam. Randomized complete block experimental design with 2-row plots x 20 ft long x 38-inch row width x 2 ft alleys; 5 replicates. Plants were treated with a full cone spray using an air pressure sprayer at 30 psi in a final volume of 50 gal/A directed on the plant ears. The sprays were applied on Jun 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, and 20. All ears in the center 18 ft of row were examined on Jun 23 for the presence of corn earworm larvae or damage.
Sweetcorn, Control of Mixed Infestation of Corn Earworm and Fall Armyworm, 1978
Authors: All J. N. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Funks G80 planted Jun 28 ’78, University of Georgia Experiment Station, Oconee Co. Soil type was Appling sandy loam. Randomized complete block experimental design with 2 row plots x 20-ft long x 38-inch row width x 2-ft alleys; 5 replicates. The sprays were applied on Aug 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, and 24. Two treatments, Z 3210 and Z 3209, were applied on a 4 day schedule on Aug 10, 14, 18, and 22. All ears in the center 18 foot of row were examined on Aug 28 for the presence of corn earworm or fall armyworm larvae and damage.
Chemical Insecticides for Corn Earworm Control on Sweet Corn, 1977
Authors: Skelton T. E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Calumet seed were planted on Jul 25’77 following normal site preparation and fertilization. Rows were 42” apart. Single row 40’ plots were used with 4 replicates for each treatment. Experimental sprays were applied with a 2 gal hand sprayer, directed onto the silk, on alternate days from silking until harvest. Spray dates were Sep 12, 14, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25 and 28. A total of 20 ears per replicate (80 per treatment) were harvested and evaluated for damage on Sep 29. An ear was rated damaged if any corn earworm damage was observed. Pest population was severe as indicated by damage to untreated ears.
Pea Insect Control, 1978
Authors: Flood Brian R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots were planted May 27, 1978, so that expected pest moth flights would coincide with pea bloom. A randomized complete block design of four blocks contained 10 treatments each 10 ft x 50 ft. The treatments were applied after full bloom on Jul 10, with a modified Hagie Hiboy with 8002 Tee Jet operated at 50 psi for a finished spray of 20 gpa. Eight days after this treatment an evaluation of aphids, cutworms, and loopers was made in five separate 1-sq ft samples per replicate. Each sample was assessed for the total number of aphids and larvae; the larvae were classified as early instar (1/8 - 1/2"), mid-instar (1/2 - 3/4"), or late instar larvae (3/4"+).
European Corn Borer Control on Peppers, 1978
Authors: Libby John L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Transplants were set out on May 30 at the University of Wisconsin Experimental Farm, Hancock, Wl. Plots consisted of 10 plants per row at 18-inches in the row, 4 rows per plot, and 4 replicates per treatment. Row spacing was 36-inches. The 2 center rows of each plot were sprayed using a tractor mounted Myers Sprayer with a 6-foot boom delivering 33 gallons spray/acre. Sprays were applied on Jul 21, 28, Aug 4, and 11. ECB egg masses (approximately 50 eggs each) were obtained from the USDA-ARS Corn Insects Investigations Lab., Ankeny, Iowa, and one egg mass was pinned on each plant on Jul 26. Yields were taken from uninfested plants and adjusted for ECB damage.
Green Peach Aphid Control with Foliar Insecticidal Sprays, 1978
Authors: Cancelado Rafael E. , Radcliffe Edward B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Russet Burbank’ potatoes were planted May 24, at Rosemount, Mn. Treatments were applied to 2-row plots, 45-ft long, with 40-inch row spacing, randomized in complete blocks with 3 replications. Two untreated rows separated each plot. All plots were sprayed weekly from Jun 27 with azinophosmethyl at 0.5 lb ai/acre to reduce natural enemies of green peach aphid. Chlorothalonil fungicide was applied weekly per label recommendations from Jun 27. Insecticides were applied in 100 gal water/acre with a tractor-drawn boom sprayer with 3 drop nozzles/row at ca. 300 psi. Green peach aphid apterae were counted from 35 mid-plant leaves taken from the 2 center rows of each plot. The dates of application were Aug 24 and Sep 15. On Sep 15, GCP 6361 2E at 0.25 lb ai/acre and GCP 9646 4E at 0.25 lb ai/acre, were substituted for treatments of Ambush 2E at 0.05 and 0.1 lb ai/acre respectively.
Apple, Apple Aphid Control, 1978
Authors: Forsythe H. Y. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Test materials were applied to 8-yr-old apple trees on July 12 at Monmouth, Maine, as dilute sprays with a hand gun from a hydraulic sprayer operating at 300 psi and at a rate of ca. 200 gal/acre. The fungicide cover program during the course of this experiment consisted of Polyram 80W (2 lb/100 gal) which was sprayed on the trees on July 21. There were no tank-mixtures of insecticides with Pol yram. There were 2 single-tree replications per treatment. A randomized, complete-block design was utilized with 2 Red Delicious cultivars per treatment. Prior to treatment, 10 succulent terminal vegetative shoots (5 with high aphid counts and 5 with low counts) were tagged around the periphery of each tree at a height of 3 to 6 ft. Evaluation was based on a count of all live aphids found on the distal 4 unfurled and 1 furled leaves and on the stem including by these leaves on each tagged terminal shoot. Aphid population pressure was not severe.
Apple, Early Mite Control, 1978
Authors: Forsythe H. Y. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Test materials were applied to 13-yr-old apple trees at Monmouth, Maine, as dilute sprays with a hand gun from a hydraulic sprayer operating at 300 psi and at 550 gal/acre. Spray dates were May 31 (petal fall), June 7 (first cover), and 14 (second cover); each acaricide was applied on all 3 dates because of excessive rainfall in early June. The standard pesticide program during the course of this test consisted of Polyram 80W (2 lb/100 gal) and Marlate 50W (3 lb/100 gal) on June 1; captan 80W (1.25 lb /100 gal) on 7 dates; Epsom salts (15 lb/100 gal) and Marlate 50W (3 lb/100 gal) on June 7 and 20; Solubor (1 lb/100 gal) on June 7; Amid-Thin 8.4W (35 ppm) on June 16; Imidan 50W 1.25 lb/100 gal) on July 5, 17, and August 2; and Thiodan 50W (.5 lb/100 gal) on July 11 and 17. There were no tank-mixtures of acaricides with other pesticides. There were 4 single-tree replications per treatment. A randomized, complete-block design was utilized with 4 Red Delicious cultivars per treatment. From each tree, 25 leaves were collected mostly at chestheight around the periphery of the tree, brought into the laboratory, and the mites brushed onto glass plates coated with a Tween 20-alcohol mixture; mites were counted the same day. Mite population pressure was severe in August. There were frequent, heavy rains in early June; July and August were hot and dry.
Soil Applied Systemic Insecticides for Potato Leafhopper Control and Yield of Potatoes, 1978
Authors: Libby John L. , Longridge J. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two-row, 50-foot plots with rows 36-inches apart were planted with “B-size” certified seed of the ‘Superior’ cultivar at the University of Wisconsin Research Farm, Arlington, Wisconsin, on May 10. Treatments consisted of 4 replicates in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied as granules mixed with the fertilizer and banded in-furrow through a Lockwood 2-row potato planter at planting. Temik 15G at 3.0 lbs ai/acae was applied with an electric gandy and the DiSyston layby treatment was applied on Jun 25 and hilled in. The soil type was Piano silt loam (sand 12%, silt 70% and clay 18%) with a pH 6.0. Yields were taken Sep 1. The total rainfall between planting and vine killing on Aug 28 was 20.02 inches. Insect counts were taken with a 15-inch diameter sweep net.
Potato Pest Control with Soil Applied Systemic Insecticides, 1978
Authors: Radcliffe Edward B. , Cancelado Rafael E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Russet Burbank’ potatoes were planted May 23, at Rosemount, MN. Plots were 4 rows, 45-ft long, with 40-inch row spacing, randomized in complete blocks with 3 replications. The soil was a Waukegan silt loam with medium organic matter. The systemic insecticides were applied as in-furrow, split-band treatments at plant-ing. No insecticidal sprays were applied. Chlorothalonil fungicide was applied weekly per label recommendations from Jun 27. Nymphs of potato leafhopper and apterae of green peach aphid and potato aphid were counted from 35 mid-plant leaves from the center 2 rows of each plot. Counts were made at 2-week intervals starting Jul 19.
Irish Potato, Colorado Potato Beetle Control, 1978
Authors: Reed D. K. , Reed G. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Superior’ Irish potatoes were planted on Apr 21 ‘78 in 3-row plots in sandy soil. Plots were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Although aldicarb 15G was included in the test, insufficient rainfall was received so it was not effective. Insecticides were applied with a backpack 2-gallon sprayer operated at about 35 psi to obtain thorough coverage on May 25, Jun 14 and Jun 22. Counts were taken weekly of beetles on 5 plants from the center rows of the treatment plots. Damage was rated by assigning designated numerals from 0-6 with 0 indicating no damage. The experiment was designed for orthogonal comparison of insect counts and damage ratings.
Potato Insect Control by Soil-Applied Systemic Insecticides, Freeville, New York, 1978
Authors: Tingey Ward M. , Carey K. R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Katahdin’ potatoes were planted May 31 ‘78, in Phelps gravelly silt loam soil at a spacing of 9-12 inches within the row. Individual plots were 1-row wide, 40-ft long, with 36-inch-row spacing, separated by 2 skip rows. A randomized complete block of 4 replications was used. Fertilization was by 1000 lbs/A of 15-15-15 NPK in 2 in-row side bands at planting. Granular EPTC was applied at 6.0 lb ai/A on Jul 11 ‘78. Chlorothalonil at 1.1 lbs ai/A was used at weekly intervals for control of late blight. Plots were not irrigated. All insecticide treatments were applied on May 31 ‘78 in a 4 inch band in the seed furrow using a Craftsman cone-seeder. Sampling of aphids was by the leaf-sample method; 1 fully-expanded compound leaf was taken from the upper 1/2 and lower 1/2 of each of 10 randomly selected plants/plot. Sampling of other pests was by the D-vac vacuum method; samples were taken from 10 randomly selected sites/plot, with 3 bounces/site. Raw data were transformed [log 10 (x + O.l)] as necessary prior to statistical analysis.
Insect Control on Tomatoes, 1980
Authors: Walker G. P. , Simonet D. E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tomatoes were direct seeded on May 8, 1980 at the Vegetable Research Branch, OARDC, Fremont, Ohio. Seed clumps were planted at 11 inch spacing in single 30 ft rows on 60 inch centers with untreated border rows on either side of each treatment. Herbicide (Enide) burn resulted in a poor stand and replications in several treatments had to be dropped. Otherwise, treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Soil type was loam, pH = 6.5, organic matter = 4.0%. Half the rate of the granular insecticide, Temik 15G, was applied as a side dressing on Jun 24; the other half was applied similarly on Jul 1. Foliar sprays were applied on Jul 15, Jul 29, Aug 12 and Aug 26, using a CO2 pressurized hand sprayer delivering 50 gal per acre at 40 psi. The compounds were intended to be evaluated for control of the whole insect complex affect-ing tomatoes, however, only the potato aphid, M. euphorbiae, was present in significant numbers. Counts of aphids, parasitized aphids (mummies), and other natural enemies of aphids (ladybeetles, lacewings and syrphids) were taken weekly. Three leaves (upper, middle and lower) for each of 5 plants per treatment per replication were examined for these insects on each sample date. Plots were harvested on Sep 29, 1980.
Apple, Ovicidal Effects of Methomyl (Lannate-L) on Beneficial Insects, 1980
Authors: David P. J. , Horsburgh R. L. , McCaffrey J. P. , Ponton L. F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
To assess the effects of Lannate-L on the eggs of beneficial insects seven treatments and a water control were used in each of 6 experiments. The treatment rates (litre (ounces) of Lannate-L/378.5 litre (100 gallons) water) were: (I) 0.95 litre (32 ounces); (2) 0.83 litre (28 ounces); (3) 0.71 litre (24 ounces); (4) 0.59 litre (20 ounces); (5) 0.47 litre (16 ounces); (6) 0.35 litre (12 ounces); (7) 0.24 litre (8 ounces); (8) water control.
Mirid Control with In-Furrow and Spray Applied Insecticides and the Ecological Impact on Natural Enemies, Dallas,Tx,1979
Authors: Langston W. C. , Schuster M.F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
All plants were planted May 15-18fh on 40 in beds. Three cultivars were used, GP 3774 in the spray test, Lankart 57 in the in-furrow test and Cascot B-2 in the two-rate Orthene test. All plots were replicated 4 times with 4-row plots in the in-furrow and 8-row plots in the spray test. The insecticide sprays were applied with a hi-boy sprayer at the rate of 10 gal/acre. In-furrow insecticides were applied with disc openers and John Deere insecticide boxes.
Thrips Control on Seedling Cotton, 1980
Authors: Lentz Gary L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Stoneville 213 variety cotton was planted May 15 at the Ames Plantation, Grand Junction, TN. Soil type was Memphis silt loam with good soil moisture. Two-row plots 40 ft long were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. All seed planted was commercially treated with two fungicides. Seed treatments were prepared in the laboratory by adding insecticides to the double treated seed. Hopper box treatments were made in the field by adding Orthene 75S to double or triple-treated seed. Foliar sprays were applied Jun 5 at 4.4 gal of spray per acre (3 mph, 40 psi) with a hand-held CO2-pressurized B & G spray system. Post-treatment counts were made by pulling 2 seedling plants from each row and placing these 4 plants in a pt jar. The jars were returned to the laboratory where the plants were beaten over a large funnel. Thrips were collected under the funnel in 70% alcohol. The two-row plots were machine harvested Oct 3 and 17. Stand and thrips counts and yield data were analyzed by ANOVA and means separated by Duncan’s new multiple range test.
Topical Toxicity of Insecticides to Lygus Bugs
Authors: Leigh Thomas F. , Wynholds Paul F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Adult lygus bugs collected from alfalfa in the Shaffer, CA, area were used to develop dose-mortality information for insecticides used on cotton since alfalfa is the source of a majority of these bugs invading cotton crops in the area of study. An aliphatic organophosphate, Orthene, and the synthetic pyrethroids Pounce, its cis-rich and trans-rich forms, two mixtures (4 OC:60 t and 40 t:60C), Mavrik, and NRDC-149 were applied in acetone solution with standard topical application equipment to 4 replicates each of both male and female bugs. Bugs were anesthesized with CO2 and desired dilutions applied to the coxal area. Mortality was read at 24 hr and corrected by Abbot’s formula.
Residual Control of Boll Weevil 1980
Authors: Worley Glenn B. , Hunkapiller Paul 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
On Aug 26 a caged boll weevil test was initiated near Selma, AL to determine the residual effectiveness of several insecticides. Plots were 2 rows wide (38 inches) by 102 ft long. Insecticide applications were made with a CO2-powered hand sprayer equipped with 2x-4 hollow-cone spray tips per row delivering 11 gpa at 40 psi. Weevils were obtained from the Gast Rearing Facility at State College, MS and held on cotton squares at room temperature prior to the test. Cotton-dacron cages were placed around cotton plants and tied securely to the base of the stalk. Twenty-five weevils were placed in each of 2 cages per plot and the tops tied securely. Weevils were released into the cages immediately after spraying and mortality recorded 48 hr later; weevils were again released 24 hr after spraying and mortality recorded 48 hr later.
Malathion for Control of Black Grass Bug, 1978
Authors: Foster R. N. , Staten R.T. , Miller E. , Henderson J.A. , Thornley J.B. , Sato C.K. , Huddleston E.W. , Bullard R.G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Malathion ULV concentrate was applied at 8, 6 and 3 fluid oz of technical material (91%)/acre to 40 acre plots replicated 4 times, and 2 fluid oz of technical material/acre was applied to a 100 acre plot near Llaves, NM from May 10 through 13, 1978. All plots had been reseeded with Crested Wheatgrass. All dosages except the 8 oz treatment were diluted with water (to emulsify the malathion Triton X - 190 was used at 20% of the volume of malathion). Six And 3 oz treatments were applied in 8 oz of fluid/acre while the oz treatment was applied in 16 oz of fluid/acre. All treatments were applied with a Cessna Ag-truck 188B aircraft at 40 psi through a standard Cessna hydraulic driver spray system. Eleven 8001 flat fan nozzles were used for the 8, 6 and 3 oz treatments and (15) 80015 flat fan nozzles were used for the 2 oz treatment. All nozzles were rotated 90° to the slip stream. Flight speed was 120 mph; flight height and swath width were 30 and 75 ft respectively. Malathion ULV concentrate was applied at 3 oz of technical malathion, 2% Triton X-190, and water in 8 oz of fluid/acre to 3000 acres of reseeded Crested Wheargrass ca 15 miles NE of McNary, Arizona on May 18, 1978. This treatment was applied with a Turbo Thrush aircraft at 40 psi using 8008 nozzles. Application speed was 140-150 mph; flight height and swath width were 50 ft and 100 ft, respectively. Results on 40 acre plots were assessed by counting live black grass bugs in 4 subsamples (5 sucks/subsample) per plot taken with a 1/2 foot diameter modified de-vac. Results on 100 acre and 3000 acre plots were assessed by counting live black grass bugs at 30 sample sites (5 sucks/site) within each plot. Samples were taken 1-2 days prior to treatment and 2 days and 7 days following treatment. Both species listed above were found in the New Mexico plots, only L.hesperius was present in the Arizona plot.
Laboratory Evaluation of Insecticides Applied as Foliar Sprays for Brown Planthopper and Green Leafhopper Control on Rice, IRRI, 1979
Authors: Heinrichs E. A. , Valencia S. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Four replications of one 45-day-old plant each were sprayed with 6.25 ml of a 0.04% spray solution per plant (equivalent to 0.4 kg al/Via and a spray volume of 1000 l/ha at a 25 x 25 cm plant spacing) using a fine drop atomizer while revolving on a turn table. Treated plants were placed in a room at a temperature of 27 ± 2°C. Plants were covered with mylar film cages after insecticide treatment. Ten adult insects of each species were placed in each cage. In Test 1 insects were placed on the plants at 1, 7 and 14 days after treatment (DT) and in Test 2 at 1, 5, 10, 15, and 20 DT. Mortality readings were taken at 48 hr after placing the Insects on the treated plants after which the insects were removed. Mortality values were adjusted using Abbott’s formula.
Sorghum Webworm Control, 1980
Authors: Gardner Wayne A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Three tests evaluated various materials in suppressing sorghum webworm populations on grain sorghum heads. All tests were planted with Funk’s G522DR on July 2 by minimal tillage methods following wheat. Plots were 6.1 m x 3 rows and were separated by 1 untreated row or 1 m alley. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Applications were made with compressed-air sprayers calibrated to deliver 50 gal per acre at 30 psi. Spray was directed to opposite sides of heads to insure thorough coverage. One application on Sept 18 was used in Test 1. Low pest population levels did not merit a second application. Two applications were made on Oct 3 and 8 in Tests 2 and 3. Larval populations were estimated on each sampling date by shag-bagging 10 randomly-selected heads from each plot.
Foliar Insecticide Applications on Soybeans, 1980
Authors: Hammond Ronald B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Fifty-four plots were located 2 miles west of Macon, OH. Plots measured 50 ft by 4 rows (30-in centers) and were bordered by 2 rows. Experimental design was a randomized complete block, 3 blocks each with 18 treatments. Treatments were applied on Aug 20 with a 4-row CO2-charged bicycle sprayer (liquid output 74.9 ml/sec at 40 psi, calculated to 43.0 gal/acre rate). Spray nozzles were Tee Jet TX 10 Brass Tips. Weather conditions at time of application were as follows: mostly clear, slight breeze, ca 85°F. Soybean plants were at growth state R5. Plants were sampled with a 15-in sweep net (20 sweeps/plot) on Aug 18 (pretreatment), Aug 22 (2-days posttreatment), Aug 27 (7-days posttreatment), and Sept 3 (14-days posttreatment). Samples were examined in the laboratory for Mexican bean beetle (MBB) adults and larvae and green cloverworm (GCW) larvae. Soybeans were examined visually on all sampling dates for signs of phytotoxicity. Measurable rainfall occurred 2 hr following application of insecticides. Soybeans were hand harvested on Oct 9.
Apple, Early Mite Control, 1980
Authors: Forsythe H. Y. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Test materials were applied to 15-year-old apple trees at Monmouth, Maine, as dilute sprays with a hand gun from a hydraulic sprayer operating at 200 psi and at a rate of 400 gal/A. The standard pesticide program (rates are per 100 gal) during the course of this test consisted of Phygon 50W (.25 lb) on 4 dates, captan 80W (I to 1.25 lb) on 6 dates, Epsom salts (15 lb) on Jun 3, 12, and 23, Solubor (I lb) on Jun 12 and 23, Imidan 50W (I lb) on Jun 3, 12, and 23, and Sevin 80W {.75 to 1.25 lb) on Jul 8, 23, and Aug 13. There were no tank-mixtures of acaricides with other pesticides. There were 4 single-tree replications per treatment. A randomized complete block design was utilized with 4 “Red Delicious” cultivars/ treatment. From each tree 25 leaves were collected mostly at chest-height around the periphery of the tree, brought into the laboratory, and brushed onto glass plates coated with a Tween 20-alcohol mixture; mites were counted the same day. Mite population pressure was not severe until late Aug when the weather was both hot and dry. All motile mites recorded on Jun 5 were adults; there were 0.3 to 2.5 summer mite eggs/leaf on all plots not treated at tight cluster.
Hornworm and Budworm Control on Flue-Cured Tobacco, 1980
Authors: Semtner Paul J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This test was conducted to compare the efficacy of three new strains of Bacillusthuringiensis to Dipel and Lannate for hornworm and tobacco budworm control. ‘McNair 944’ flue-cured tobacco was transplanted at 20-in spacing in 4-ft rows on May 14. Treatment plots, 12 ft wide and 40-ft long were established in a randomized complete block design replicated 3 times. The test plots were used in another insecticide test during July. At the completion of the 1st test, the original plants were cut to ca 6 in on July 28 and a single sucker was allowed to develop from each root system. Spray treatments were applied on Aug 22 using a CO2-powered backpack sprayer operated at 40 pst and delivering 15 gal/acre through a single hollow-cone nozzle (x26). Because some plants were missing hornworm (tobacco and tomato) and tobacco budworm counts (made at 3, 7, and 14 days after application), were adjusted to the number/66 plants.