bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Online Prostitution in Media Social: How is the Victim Protection?
Authors: Rosdiana Agita Chici 
Published: December 2022

The focus of this study is to analyze the online prostitution that is rife in the development of crime motives today, and how it is held accountable to those involved in prostitution, including recipients of commercial sex workers. Online prostitution has mushroomed among the public and can even be accessed by ordinary people, many use this illegitimate business as a livelihood plus is an element of criminal acts, namely fraud where there are victims of commercial sex worker service users this very often happens because it is so vulnerable to committing fraud on social media plus the object of fraud related to sexual activity. The approach in this study is a comparison of law and legal interpretation within the framework of normative legal research. This study uses secondary data derived from various legal rules and related legislation. This research finds and emphasizes that the development of information and technology flows through social media presents challenges in victim protection efforts, especially in the case of online prostitution. Various studies have found that the motive for online prostitution that is rampant in Indonesia begins with fraud and fake accounts. The study also confirms that users of commercial sex worker services can be criminalized using local regulations governing prostitution, the enactment of the Lex Specialist Lex Generalis principle. Victims of fraud or commercial sex workers who are deceived by pimps or sex workers can be convicted of supporting prostitution activities in cyberspace. Victims of prostitution are not only adults but there is an element of coercion to young children to carry out prostitution, this is supported by several factors, namely environmental factors or economic factors.
The role of procalcitonin in the follow-up of medullary thyroid cancer
Authors: Censi Simona , Manso Jacopo , Benvenuti Teresa , Piva Ilaria , Iacobone Maurizio , Mondin Alberto , Torresan Francesca , Basso Daniela , Crivellari Gino , Zovato Stefania , Mian Caterina 
Published: December 2022

Objective
Calcitonin (Ct) represents the most important biochemical marker of medullary thyroid cancer (MTC), but has certain limits. We analyzed the performance of procalcitonin (ProCt) in follow-up MTC patients.

Methods
In this monocentric and retrospective study, we consecutively obtained ProCt and Ct values from all MTC patients that we visited during the period from April 2021 to May 2022. Patients were defined as having structural evidence of disease (29/90, 32.2%) irrespective of Ct values or, in its absence, as not evident disease (NED) if Ct was ≤10 ng/L (47/90, 52.2%), or minimal residual disease if Ct was >10 ng/L (14/90, 15.6%).

Results
Ct and ProCt values were highly correlated (r = 0.883, P < 0.01). Median ProCt values differed between NED, minimal residual disease, and structural disease, being 0.04 ng/mL, 0.26 ng/mL, and 1.98 ng/mL, respectively (P < 0.01). ProCt was undetectable (<0.04 ng/mL) in 40/47 (85.1%) of NED patients, in 3/14 (21.4%) patients with minimal residual disease and in none of the patients with a structural disease (P < 0.01). Among the 11 patients with detectable but ≤10 ng/L Ct and undetectable ProCt values, none had a structural disease. The most accurate cut-off of ProCt to distinguish between the presence or absence of a structural disease was >0.12 ng/mL (P < 0.01, area under the curve: 0.963), with the following sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value (NPV): 100%, 83.61%, 74.4%, and 100.0%.

Conclusions
ProCt and Ct have a high correlation in MTC follow-up. ProCt may be useful as an adjunct to Ct, especially for its NPV concerning the structural disease.
CORONAVIRUS SARS-Cov2 y COVID-19: El virus y la enfermedad que detuvieron al mundo
Authors: Gómez-Meléndez Agustín 
Published: December 2022

SARS-CoV2 and its disease COVID-19 have provoked more than 6 billion infections and nearly 6 million registered deaths since the first diagnosed case in Wuhan, China. It is considered the first pandemic that the modern world has faced that was able to ground all air services and contain all families in their homes. The high contagion capacity of the virus associated with its high lethality in people with risk factors placed the world economy in a close balance between economic aspects and public and individual health. The economic, material, and human losses increased the current social gaps. Then, a reflection of the main events that have occurred from 2019 to date and the impact caused by COVID-19 in the world is presented. The economic recession is considered as part of the results, besides the shipping-container crisis, and the implemented health measures and their effects. The article concludes with four lessons on epidemiological intelligence, resilience, the ability to learn to plan for the future, and the correct risk management.
Los efectos del Covid-19 para las mujeres en América Latina y el Caribe
Authors: Escalante-Herrera Ana Cecilia , Ramírez-Montes Ana Leonor 
Published: December 2022

This article discusses, from a gender equality perspective, the main effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on women in Latin America and the Caribbean. Based on secondary sources, it presents a synthesis of the main impacts that have deepened the gender inequalities and violence against women that existed before the pandemic, especially in the field of work and care. It emphasizes that, to reverse its negative effects and avoid the deepening of inequalities, in the long term, it requires the incorporation of the needs and interests of women in the approach to the emergency. Autonomy and equal participation of women are also critical in the decision-making process and the elaboration of public policies for mitigation and recovery from the economic and social crises caused by the health pandemic.
Entretejiendo voces, una mirada interdisciplinaria: propuesta metodológica a partir de la literacidad
Authors: Badilla Zamora Isabel , Hernández Segura Ana María , Segura Esquivel Sylvia , Solís Sánchez Gabriela , Urdaneta Benavides Margarita 
Published: December 2022

This article systematizes the experience of the interdisciplinary meetings from the Literacy Integrated Project. A Look from Literacy to Build Inclusive Reading Environments, from Early Childhood to Prolongevity, as a strategy to move forward with an alternative methodological proposal to approach reading and writing processes from a literacy perspective.
The means to collect participants’ views included discussions with scholars from various fields and schools from UNA, as well as written records, recordings, transcripts, matrixes, and analyses of these discussions. As a result, several philosophical and methodological principles and paths emerged to move towards a broad, inclusive approach to reading and writing processes in line with literacy through the five systematization steps proposed by lecturer Oscar Jara.
Microstructural and mechanical properties of AlSi10Mg: Hybrid welding of additively manufactured and cast parts
Authors: Krochmal M. , Rajan A. Nammalvar Raja , Moeini G. , Sajadifar S. V. , Wegener T. , Niendorf T. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWelding and joining of hybrid components consisting of additively manufactured (AM) parts and conventionally processed parts offer new opportunities in structural design. In the present study, AlSi10Mg specimens were fabricated using two different manufacturing processes, i.e., laser-based powder-bed fusion of metals (PBF-LB/M) and casting, and welded by means of friction stir welding (FSW). Material strength of dissimilar welded joints was found to be governed by the as-cast material, which is characterized by a very coarse microstructure resulting in inferior hardness and tensile properties. During fatigue testing, cast-cast specimens performed slightly better than their hybrid AM-cast counterparts with respect to lifetime, being rationalized by most pronounced strain inhomogeneities in the AM-cast specimens. With the aim of cost reduction, FSW can be employed to fabricate graded large parts as long as the AM as-built material is placed in the region demanding superior cyclic load-bearing capacity.Graphical abstract
Link Quality and MAC-Overhead aware Predictive Preemptive Multipath Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad hoc Networks
Authors: Ali Cherif Moussa , Faraoun Mohamed Kamel , Hacene Sofiane Boukli 
Published: December 2022

In Ad Hoc networks, route failure may occur due to less received power, mobility, congestion and node failures. Many approaches have been proposed in literature to solve this problem, where a node predicts pre-emptively the route failure that occurs with the less received power. However, these approaches encounter some difficulties, especially in scenario without mobility where route failures may arise. In this paper, we propose an improvement of AOMDV protocol called LO-PPAOMDV (Link Quality and MAC-Overhead aware Predictive Preemptive AOMDV). This protocol is based on new metric combine two routing metrics (Link Quality, MAC Overhead) between each node and one hop neighbor. Also we propose a cross-layer networking mechanism to distinguish between both situations, failures due to congestion or mobility, and consequently avoiding unnecessary route repair process. The LO-PPAOMDV was implemented using NS-2. The simulation results demonstrate the merits of our proposed LO-PPAOMDV with approximately 10-15% increase in the packet delivery ratio while average end-to-end delay is reduced by 20%, and normalized routing load is reduced about 45%, also with 7% increase in the throughput, when compared with PPAOMDV.
Metalloproteinases as biomarkers of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease progression
Authors: Tsvetkova O. A. , Voronkova O. O. , Buyanova O. E. , Dubinin A. O. 
Published: December 2022

According to the World Health Organization, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is the third leading cause of death in 2020, accounting for approximately 6% of all deaths.Aim. We studied how matrix metalloproteinases affect the likelihood and severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Methods. The study included 60 patients aged 40 to 85 years with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (7 women and 53 men). The average age of the patients was 63.2 ± 8.3 years. The smoker index ranged from 10 to 118 pack/years. We divided all examined patients into two groups by the severity of the disease, by age, by the duration of the disease, and by the clinical forms.Results. Among the 60 examined patients, we did not identify a single patient with polymorphic variant C536T of TIMP-1 gene. All patients were homozygous and had the CC genotype. We found that only C-1562T polymorphism of MMP-9 gene is associated with severe COPD (p = 0.014), out of all studied variants of MMP-1, MMP-9, and MMP-12 genes. We did not find a reliable relationship between polymorphic variant C-1562T of MMP-9 gene and emphysematous changes in the lungs. We did not find a significant effect of polymorphic variants of MMP-1 and MMP-12 genes on the severity of COPD and the nature of structural changes in the lung tissue. As a result, we can assume that future studies should focus more on the relationship between the dominant pathogen and the level of matrix metalloproteinases. Understanding this relationship will allow us to influence the course and prognosis at an earlier stage of the disease. Our data on the leading role of polymorphism of MMP-1, MMP-9, and MMP-12 genes and other candidate genes are also confirmed by other recently published scientific papers.Conclusion. This study established the presence of genetic markers for a poor prognosis of COPD. Smokers and people subject to occupational hazards are most susceptible to these factors.
Respecting Difference: A Moral Commitment with Universalist Implications
Authors: Nagl-Docekal Herta 
Published: December 2022

As calls for respect to difference represent a central objective of contemporary political movements, the essay examines how philosophy might contribute to elaborating a well-argued foundation for these demands.
Part 1: On persons and individuals takes issue with the view that blames the contractual foundation of the constitutional state as well as Kant’s moral universalism for being “forgetful of context”.
Part 2: The obligation to cultivate “a broad-minded way of thinking”explains the relevance of Kant’s reflections on the “sensus communis”.
Part 3: The ethical community discusses the thesis that it is only within the framework of a particular community that individuals are capable of developing their unique identity (Taylor, MacIntyre).
Part 4: Within the framework of the constitutional state contends that by prioritizing “the just” over “the good” the modern state is capable of curbing social asymmetries.
Part 5: Anticipating a global public discourse focuses on Kant’s conception of the “public”.
¿La tiranía de los comités de ética en investigación (CEI) es una realidad?
Authors: Trillos-Peña Carlos Enrique 
Published: December 2022

Propósito/Contexto. En el presente artículo se hace un análisis del rol que deben cumplir los comités de ética e investigación para proteger a los voluntarios que participan en los estudios, sin olvidar sus funciones de promoción de la investigación y generación de conocimiento como una responsabilidad social, lo cual con el tiempo se ha venido distorsionando.
Metodología/Enfoque. Se realizó una revisión de la evolución de la ética en investigación, que surge como respuesta a malas prácticas que atentaron contra la dignidad humana, que obligaron a repensar la forma de investigar, con la aparición de normas internacionales, recomendaciones y reglamentación legal que promovió el consentimiento informado y la conformación de los comités de ética en investigación (CEI).
Resultados/Hallazgos. Como parte de la secuencia de análisis se muestra cómo estos organismos han tomado importancia en la actualidad, al punto que en muchos sitios del planeta no se puede hacer investigación sin la aprobación de los comités. Esto va a favor de los sujetos en investigación, pero con un mal manejo y un inadecuado ejercicio de poder, pueden frenar la investigación, con un ejercicio de tiranía por parte de los CEI.
Discusión/Conclusiones/Contribuciones. Este análisis se apoya en la bioética global de ten Have, que tiene en cuenta la responsabilidad y el deber de la investigación como un asunto global e intergeneracional, que debemos ejercer como ciudadanos del mundo.
Neste artigo uma análise do papel do suporte para ser atendidas por comitês de ética e pesquisa para proteger os voluntários envolvidos no estudo, incluindo as suas funções de promoção da investigação e geração de conhecimento como uma responsabilidade social torna-se, que com o tempo foi distorcido. Para isso, realizou uma análise da evolução da ética em pesquisa, que é uma resposta a más práticas que solaparam a dignidade humana, o que nos obrigou a repensar a forma de investigar, com o surgimento de padrões internacionais, recomendações e regulamentos legais ele promoveu o consentimento informado e o estabelecimento de comitês de ética em pesquisa (CEP). Como parte da sequência que dá análise mostra como essas agências têm tomado importante hoje, a tal ponto que em muitos lugares do planeta não pode fazer investigação sem a aprovação dos comités. Isso vale para os sujeitos da pesquisa, mas má gestão e exercício abusivo de poder, pode retardar a investigação, com um exercício de tirania pelo CIS. Análise e reflexão é baseada em bioética global, ten Have, que leva em conta a responsabilidade eo dever de pesquisa como uma responsabilidade global e intergeracional, devemos agir como cidadãos globais.
Bioética y territorio: una aproximación a las territorialidades bioéticas
Authors: López-Neira Jhonatan 
Published: December 2022

Propósito/contexto. Este artículo hace una aproximación al concepto de territorio como construcción social y escenario bioético. Para tal propósito recurre a algunos de los supuestos básicos de la bioética y a la propuesta de Orlando Fals Borda sobre la acción y el espacio. Es así que acota la categoría de territorialidades bioéticas, la cual parte del ensamblaje entre el bioespacio y la tecnoregión con las relaciones bioéticas que implican estos contenedores territoriales; se resalta la autonomía y la justicia como elementos clave que logran reestructurar la relación del ser humano con su entorno.Metodología/Enfoque. Se implementa un enfoque hermenéutico para comprender la bioética como un campo de conocimiento y de prácticas que se interesan por los cuestionamientos morales y éticos que se derivan de las implicaciones del desarrollo tecnocientífico sobre la vida. Todo esto responde a la forma en la que habitamos el espacio y permite establecer una relación con la configuración del territorio y el desarrollo de las territorialidades.Resultados/Hallazgos. El artículo presenta una reflexión teórica, desde la bioética, sobre cómo el ser humano concibe las relaciones que traza con el territorio, y acuña, desde su comprensión, la categoría de territorialidades bioéticas.Discusión/Conclusiones/Contribuciones. La contribución del artículo radica en brindar elementos teóricos para pensar el territorio desde la bioética y configura un aporte conceptual con el concepto de las territorialidades bioéticas; se espera que esta categoría pueda ser implementada para ahondar en futuras reflexiones sobre la bioética, el territorio y las territorialidades.
Las empresas en la investigación sobre las innovaciones en medicamentos
Authors: Gamboa-Bernal Gilberto A. 
Published: December 2022

Propósito/Contexto. El papel de la industria farmacéutica se puede examinar desde múltiples ángulos. La presencia de estas empresas durante la pandemia ha sido obligada por la necesidad de contar, en el menor tiempo posible, con vacunas capaces de prevenir los contagios y medicamentos efectivos de tratar a los afectados, es decir, el desarrollo de productos innovadores.
Metodología/Enfoque. Desde una perspectiva bioética se reflexiona sobre cuatro temas conexos con el rol de estas empresas en circunstancias análogas: las responsabilidades de los patrocinadores en los procesos de investigación; la contratación con las organizaciones de investigación por contrato (CRO); la relación con los investigadores y la interacción con los comités de ética en investigación (CEI) y, finalmente, sobre una manera de contener el doble estándar en investigación.
Resultados/Hallazgos. Los patrocinadores tienen responsabilidades precisas que están orientadas por documentos y pautas internacionales. También hay una necesidad de tener una mayor claridad en el trabajo de las CRO y los investigadores pueden mejorar la interacción con los CEI; además, debe evitarse el dumping ético.
Discusión/Conclusiones/Contribuciones. Se concluye que la industria farmacéutica tiene un papel de corresponsabilidad en los procesos de producción de medicamentos innovadores con los demás actores, con quienes ha de mantener un diálogo transparente y fluido, y debe orientarse no solo por las guías de buenas prácticas clínicas, sino principalmente por la Declaración de Helsinki. Un medio puede ayudar en la eliminación del doble estándar en investigación: el Código Trust, así las empresas farmacéuticas pueden contribuir a mejorar la cultura ética de la investigación.
Will there be an improvement of ecosystems in the world post-pandemic?
Authors: Aarons Derrick E. 
Published: December 2022

Purpose/Background. Inconsiderate human activities have led to ecological imbalances, and pollution and degradation of our natural environment. However, for humans to continue to exist on Earth in the future and for sustainable development to occur, we must preserve our ecosystems.
Methodology/Approach. This paper examines some ethical considerations that are important to human interaction with the environment, by identifying conditions that existed before the Covid-19 pandemic.
Results/Findings. The world is currently challenged by global inequality and global climate change, both of which adversely affect our living environment and very sensitive ecological systems. The physical confinement and social distancing measures imposed by governments worldwide during the Covid-19 pandemic produced a reduction in human interactions and activities which had a positive impact on the ecological environments around the world.
Discussion/Conclusions/Contributions. As governments release their citizens from the tight restrictions, and people return to their customary activities, we can expect a return to pollution of our environments. This will occur unless, during the period of ‘lockdown’, humans had become more aware of the harmful effects some of their activities were having on the ecosystem and had been motivated to minimize these activities.
Cine y trayectorias del aborto adolescente en Argentina y España
Authors: Mastandrea Paula Belén , Paragis María Paula , Cambra Badii Irene 
Published: December 2022

Propósito/Contexto: La interrupción del embarazo es uno de los grandes capítulos de la bioética, y el cine permite estudiarlo a partir de historias singulares. En el contexto de la reciente ley argentina y el proyecto de modificación de la ley española, este trabajo tiene como propósito examinar y comparar las trayectorias de los abortos representados en las películas Invisible (Argentina, 2017) y La innocència (España, 2020).
Metodología/Enfoque: El enfoque es cualitativo y la metodología utilizada es el análisis de contenido de los filmes, centrándonos en las trayectorias de los abortos representados y articulándolas con el contexto legal argentino y español vigente en el momento del estreno de los filmes.
Resultados/Hallazgos: Los resultados reflejan la complejidad del acceso al aborto, donde lo ilegal aparece como primera opción, y las diversas limitaciones de la autonomía de las jóvenes.
Discusión/Conclusiones/Contribuciones: La contribución principal del artículo es el cuestionamiento de aspectos bioéticos ligados con el complejo en el proceso de toma de decisión del aborto de jóvenes adolescentes a través de historias singulares, así como también la confirmación de la riqueza del formato cinematográfico permite desplegar estos matices singulares para el análisis de situaciones complejas.
Znaczenie więzi z parafią polską dla Polonii francuskiej na podstawie wyników badania pilotażowego
Authors: Wysocki Artur 
Published: December 2022

Emigracja polska we Francji ma długą i chlubną tradycję, jej losom i działalności poświecono wiele publikacji, jednakże dotychczas brakuje szerszych systematycznych badań socjologicznych jej dotyczących. Pod koniec 2019 r. rozpoczęto realizację projektu badania, którego głównym celem jest eksploracja transmisji kulturowo-religijnej w polskich katolickich parafiach i ośrodkach duszpasterskich we Francji. Polskie ośrodki duszpasterskie we Francji są miejscami, które gromadzą regularnie największą liczbę przebywających tam Polaków. Celem tego artykułu była analiza jednej z sekcji ankiety badania pilotażowego przeprowadzonego wśród Polaków związanych z duszpasterstwem polskim w tym kraju. W artykule zanalizowano odpowiedzi na pytania dotyczące postrzegania parafii, identyfikacji z parafią polską, motywów przynależności do niej, wpływu na kierowanie parafią i form zaangażowania w nią.