bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Historical Perspective on Ageing and Capability
Authors: Lagerlöf Nilsson Ulrika , Castenbrandt Helene 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis chapter discusses the value of a capability approach in historical research on older people. Historians are generally focused on studying continuity and change over time. Their research often aims at explaining how and why certain phenomena appear and take different shapes. Capability is a way of capturing an individual’s ability to live a meaningful life, or a life that they perceive as good. A modern analytical tool such as the capability approach can be used for visualising historical patterns, even though individuals’ values of well-being change over time. In that sense, historical studies of individuals’ capabilities, or functions, can add another perspective to this theoretical framework.Old newspapers, biographies, diaries, letters, novels and government reports make it possible to understand which capabilities individuals and societies have valued for older citizens at different times. The meaning of functions differs over time and is dependent on several factors, such as gender and economic conditions, as well as social and civil status. This also means that conditions for a phenomenon such as retirement change over time, but they also differ depending on people’s previous life conditions. In this article, we explore these things using two different examples. Firstly, we discuss how Selma Lagerlöf, a woman with high social status, arranged for her retirement. The second example shows how women with low economic status struggled to retire at the time when universal pension reform was being implemented in Sweden.
The Capability Approach in Epidemiological Studies
Authors: Skoog Ingmar , Falk Erhag Hanna , Kern Silke , Rydberg Sterner Therese , Samuelsson Jessica , Zettergren Anna 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPopulation epidemiology is the science that deals with disorders and certain conditions at the population level, i.e. at the macro-level. In contrast to experimental studies, the scientist in epidemiology cannot manipulate conditions to make studies of associations as pure as possible. The science of epidemiological studies examines the occurrence of diseases, risk and protective factors for diseases, and the prognosis of different disorders and conditions in different populations. The capability approach is an ideal framework for epidemiological studies because it captures the dynamic and multiple processes involved in these types of studies, in relation to both time and space, as well as socioeconomic, psychological and biological factors. Determinants for common disorders and conditions include complex interactions among a multitude of factors acting between and within macro-, meso- and micro-levels during the life-course of an individual. In this chapter, we will discuss how the capability approach can be used in epidemiology in general, and in old age in particular, giving examples from specific conditions, such as cognitive function and dementia, depression, multimorbidity and functional ability, and non-modifiable and modifiable risk factors, such as genetics and nutrition. We conclude that the capability approach is a valuable tool in epidemiological studies. In these types of studies, capability is the final outcome of the dynamic interactions between a multitude of factors at the micro-, meso- and macro-levels leading to disorders and other conditions, which leads to restrictions in the individual’s ability to perform actions in order to reach goals he or she has reason to value.
Co-Creation Tools für den Projektbeginn
Authors: Kurzhals Kerstin , Uude Katrin , Sormani Eva , Chak Choiwai Maggie , Banze Madleen 
Published: January 2022

ZusammenfassungIn einer Gruppe von Experten*innen aus Wissenschaft und Praxis möchtet ihr eine konkrete gesellschaftliche Problemlösung erarbeiten und habt dafür ein gemeinsames Projekt ins Auge gefasst? Dabei weichen nicht selten bei Projektbeginn die Erwartungen der Teilnehmenden im Hinblick auf die Projektziele voneinander ab.
Regge trajectories for the (2, 0) theories
Authors: Lemos Madalena , van Rees Balt C. , Zhao Xiang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We investigate the structure of conformal Regge trajectories for the maximally supersymmetric (2, 0) theories in six dimensions. The different conformal multiplets in a single superconformal multiplet must all have similarly-shaped Regge trajectories. We show that these super-descendant trajectories interact in interesting ways, leading to new constraints on their shape. For the four-point function of the stress tensor multiplet supersymmetry also softens the Regge behavior in some channels, and consequently we observe that ‘analyticity in spin’ holds for all spins greater than −3. All the physical operators in this correlator therefore lie on Regge trajectories and we describe an iterative scheme where the Lorentzian inversion formula can be used to bootstrap the four-point function. Some numerical experiments yield promising results, with OPE data approaching the numerical bootstrap results for all theories with rank greater than one.
Outcome reporting in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the pharmacological management of idiopathic overactive bladder (OAB) in women; a systematic review for the development of core outcome sets (COS)
Authors: Moussa Reem , Rada Maria Patricia , Durnea Constantin , Falconi Gabriele , Betschart Cornelia , Haddad Jorge Milhem , Sedgwick Philip , Doumouchtsis Stergios K. ,   CHORUS: An International Collaboration for Harmonising Outcomes, Research and Standards in Urogynaecology and Women’s Health (i-chorus.org)
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Introduction and hypothesis
Evidence on OAB management remains suboptimal and methodological limitations in randomized control trials (RCTs) affect their comparability. High quality meta-analyses are lacking. This study aimed to compare selection and reporting of outcomes and outcome measures across RCTs as well as evaluate methodological quality and outcome reporting quality as a first stage in the process of developing core outcome sets (COS).

Methods
RCTs were searched using Pubmed, EMBASE, Medline, Cochrane, ICTRP and Clinicaltrials.gov from inception to January 2020, in English language, on adult women. Pharmacological management, interventions, sample size, journal type and commercial funding were documented. Methodological and outcome reporting quality were evaluated using JADAD and MOMENT scores.

Results
Thirty-eight trials (18,316 women) were included. Sixty-nine outcomes were reported, using 62 outcome measures. The most commonly reported outcome domains were efficacy (86.8%), safety (73.7%) and QoL (60.5%). The most commonly reported outcomes in each domain were urgency urinary incontinence episodes (UUI) (52.6%), antimuscarinic side effects (76.3%) and change in validated questionnaire scores (36.8%).
A statistically significant correlation was found between JADAD and MOMENT (Spearman’s rho = 0.548, p < 0.05) scores. This indicates that higher methodological quality is associated with higher outcome reporting quality.

Conclusions
Development of COS and core outcome measure sets will address variations and lead to higher quality evidence. We recommend the most commonly reported outcomes in each domain, as interim COS. For efficacy we recommend: UUI episodes, urgency and nocturia episodes; for safety: antimuscarinic adverse events, other adverse events and discontinuation rates; for QoL: OAB-q, PPBC and IIQ scores.
Gadolinium: pharmacokinetics and toxicity in humans and laboratory animals following contrast agent administration
Authors: Davies Julie , Siebenhandl-Wolff Petra , Tranquart Francois , Jones Paul , Evans Paul 
Published: January 2022

AbstractGadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) have transformed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) by facilitating the use of contrast-enhanced MRI to allow vital clinical diagnosis in a plethora of disease that would otherwise remain undetected. Although over 500 million doses have been administered worldwide, scientific research has documented the retention of gadolinium in tissues, long after exposure, and the discovery of a GBCA-associated disease termed nephrogenic systemic fibrosis, found in patients with impaired renal function. An understanding of the pharmacokinetics in humans and animals alike are pivotal to the understanding of the distribution and excretion of gadolinium and GBCAs, and ultimately their potential retention. This has been well studied in humans and more so in animals, and recently there has been a particular focus on potential toxicities associated with multiple GBCA administration. The purpose of this review is to highlight what is currently known in the literature regarding the pharmacokinetics of gadolinium in humans and animals, and any toxicity associated with GBCA use.
3D bioprinting of complex tissues in vitro: state-of-the-art and future perspectives
Authors: Xiang Yi , Miller Kathleen , Guan Jiaao , Kiratitanaporn Wisarut , Tang Min , Chen Shaochen 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe pharmacology and toxicology of a broad variety of therapies and chemicals have significantly improved with the aid of the increasing in vitro models of complex human tissues. Offering versatile and precise control over the cell population, extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, dynamic microenvironment, and sophisticated microarchitecture, which is desired for the in vitro modeling of complex tissues, 3D bio-printing is a rapidly growing technology to be employed in the field. In this review, we will discuss the recent advancement of printing techniques and bio-ink sources, which have been spurred on by the increasing demand for modeling tactics and have facilitated the development of the refined tissue models as well as the modeling strategies, followed by a state-of-the-art update on the specialized work on cancer, heart, muscle and liver. In the end, the toxicological modeling strategies, substantial challenges, and future perspectives for 3D printed tissue models were explored.
Risk Assessment for Loss‐of‐Exercise Capacity After Lung Cancer Surgery: Current Advances in Surgery and Systemic Treatment
Authors: Ozeki Naoki , Kadomatsu Yuka , Mizuno Yota , Inoue Takayuki , Nagaya Motoki , Goto Masaki , Nakamura Shota , Fukumoto Koichi , Chen‐Yoshikawa Toyofumi Fengshi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundConsidering advances in current post‐recurrence treatment, we examined the prognostic significance of the number of risk factors for loss‐of‐exercise capacity (LEC) after lung cancer surgery, which were identified by our previous prospective observational study.MethodsRisk factors for LEC were defined as a short baseline 6‐min walk distance (<400 m), older age (≥75 years), and low predicted postoperative diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (<60%). Patients were classified as Risk 0/I/II/III according to the number of risk factors. The survival data were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsBetween 2014 and 2017, 564 patients (n = 307, 193, 57, 7; Risk 0/I/II/III) who underwent lung cancer surgery were included in the study. The number of risk factors was associated with smoking status, predicted postoperative forced expiratory volume in 1 s, histology, pathological stage, and adjuvant therapy. In a multivariate Cox regression analysis, compared to Risk 0, Risk I/II/III showed significant associations with overall survival (hazard ratios: 1.92, 3.35, 9.21; 95% confidence interval: 1.27–2.92, 2.01–5.58, 3.64–23.35; Risk I/II/III, respectively). In 141 patients with recurrence, molecular targeted therapies (MTTs) or immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) were included in 58%, 47%, 32%, and 0% (Risk 0/I/II/III) during the course of treatment. In patients with MTT/ICI treatment, the estimated 1‐year and 3‐year post‐recurrence survival rates were 88% and 58%, respectively.ConclusionsRisk classification for LEC was associated with survival after lung cancer surgery, as well as post‐recurrence treatment. The concept of physical performance‐preserving surgery may contribute to improving the outcomes of current lung cancer treatment.
Stellenwert der molekularen Testung von Schilddrüsenpunktaten
Authors: Chijioke O. 
Published: January 2022

ZusammenfassungZur Abklärung von Schilddrüsenknoten spielt die zytologische Untersuchung von Feinnadelpunktaten der Schilddrüse eine zentrale Rolle. Dabei sollten etablierte Klassifikationsschemata zur Anwendung kommen. Bei unklaren zytologischen Befunden können molekulare Zusatzuntersuchungen eingesetzt werden. Der Stratifizierung unklarer Schilddrüsenknoten in maligne und benigne Läsionen allein anhand molekularer Testverfahren sind jedoch abgesehen von kostspieligen kommerziellen Tests US-amerikanischer Anbieter bislang klare Grenzen gesetzt. Hilfreich und relativ einfach durchzuführen sind molekulare Tests einzelner genetischer Alterationen, die die Malignität bei papillären, gering differenzierten und anaplastischen Schilddrüsenkarzinomen bestätigen können. Negative Testresultate schließen dabei jedoch eine maligne Neoplasie keineswegs aus. Prädiktive Marker für einzelne Entitäten (BRAF V600E, RET-Mutationen und RET-Fusionen) sollten bei allen fortgeschrittenen Schilddrüsenkarzinomen getestet werden.
Allometric relationships of ecologically important Antarctic and Arctic zooplankton and fish species
Authors: Schaafsma Fokje L. , David Carmen L. , Kohlbach Doreen , Ehrlich Julia , Castellani Giulia , Lange Benjamin A. , Vortkamp Martina , Meijboom André , Fortuna-Wünsch Anna , Immerz Antonia , Cantzler Hannelore , Klasmeier Apasiri , Zakharova Nadezhda , Schmidt Katrin , Van de Putte Anton P. , van Franeker Jan Andries , Flores Hauke 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAllometric relationships between body properties of animals are useful for a wide variety of purposes, such as estimation of biomass, growth, population structure, bioenergetic modelling and carbon flux studies. This study summarizes allometric relationships of zooplankton and nekton species that play major roles in polar marine food webs. Measurements were performed on 639 individuals of 15 species sampled during three expeditions in the Southern Ocean (winter and summer) and 2374 individuals of 14 species sampled during three expeditions in the Arctic Ocean (spring and summer). The information provided by this study fills current knowledge gaps on relationships between length and wet/dry mass of understudied animals, such as various gelatinous zooplankton, and of animals from understudied seasons and maturity stages, for example, for the krillThysanoessa macruraand larvalEuphausia superbacaught in winter. Comparisons show that there is intra-specific variation in length–mass relationships of several species depending on season, e.g. for the amphipodThemisto libellula. To investigate the potential use of generalized regression models, comparisons between sexes, maturity stages or age classes were performed and are discussed, such as for the several krill species andT. libellula. Regression model comparisons on age classes of the fishE. antarcticawere inconclusive about their general use. Other allometric measurements performed on carapaces, eyes, heads, telsons, tails and otoliths provided models that proved to be useful for estimating length or mass in, e.g. diet studies. In some cases, the suitability of these models may depend on species or developmental stages.
Mathematical Framework for Breathing Chimera States
Authors: Omel’chenko O. E. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAbout two decades ago it was discovered that systems of nonlocally coupled oscillators can exhibit unusual symmetry-breaking patterns composed of coherent and incoherent regions. Since then such patterns, called chimera states, have been the subject of intensive study but mostly in the stationary case when the coarse-grained system dynamics remains unchanged over time. Nonstationary coherence–incoherence patterns, in particular periodically breathing chimera states, were also reported, however not investigated systematically because of their complexity. In this paper we suggest a semi-analytic solution to the above problem providing a mathematical framework for the analysis of breathing chimera states in a ring of nonlocally coupled phase oscillators. Our approach relies on the consideration of an integro-differential equation describing the long-term coarse-grained dynamics of the oscillator system. For this equation we specify a class of solutions relevant to breathing chimera states. We derive a self-consistency equation for these solutions and carry out their stability analysis. We show that our approach correctly predicts macroscopic features of breathing chimera states. Moreover, we point out its potential application to other models which can be studied using the Ott–Antonsen reduction technique.
Approach-related anatomical differences in patients with lumbo-sacral transitional vertebrae undergoing lumbar fusion surgery at level L4/5
Authors: Becker Luis , Adl Amini Dominik , Ziegeler Katharina , Muellner Maximilian , Diekhoff Torsten , Hughes Alexander P. , Pumberger Matthias 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Lumbo-sacral transitional vertebrae (LSTV) are accompanied by changes in soft tissue anatomy. The aim of our retrospective study was to evaluate the effects of LSTV as well as the number of free lumbar vertebrae on surgical approaches of ALIF, OLIF and LLIF at level L4/5.

Material and methods
We assessed the CTs of 819 patients. Of these, 53 had LSTV from which 11 had six (6LV) and 9 four free lumbar vertebrae (4LV). We matched them for sex and age to a control group.

Results
Patients with LSTV had a higher iliac crest and vena cava bifurcation, a greater distance between the common iliac veins and an anterior translation of the psoas muscle at level L4/5. In contrast, patients with 6LV had a lower iliac crest and aortic bifurcation, no differences in vena cava bifurcation and distance between the iliac veins compared to the control group.

Conclusions
For patients with LSTV and five or four free lumbar vertebrae, the LLIF approach at L4/5 may be hindered due to a high riding iliac crest as well as anterior shift of the psoas muscle. Whereas less mobilization and retraction of the iliac veins may reduce the risk of vascular injury at this segment by ALIF and OLIF. For patients with 6LV, a lower relative height of the iliac crest facilitates lateral approach during LLIF. For ALIF and OLIF, a stronger vessel retraction due to the deeper-seated vascular bifurcation is necessary during ALIF and is therefore potentially at higher risk for vascular injury.
Endometrial hyperplasia as a risk factor of endometrial cancer
Authors: Nees Lisa K. , Heublein Sabine , Steinmacher Sahra , Juhasz-Böss Ingolf , Brucker Sara , Tempfer Clemens B. , Wallwiener Markus 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEndometrial hyperplasia (EH) is the precursor lesion for endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the endometrium (EC), which represents the most common malignancy of the female reproductive tract in industrialized countries. The most important risk factor for the development of EH is chronic exposure to unopposed estrogen. Histopathologically, EH can be classified into EH without atypia (benign EH) and atypical EH/endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia (EIN). Clinical management ranges from surveillance or progestin therapy through to hysterectomy, depending on the risk of progression to or concomitant EC and the patient´s desire to preserve fertility. Multiple studies support the efficacy of progestins in treating both benign and atypical EH. This review summarizes the evidence base regarding risk factors and management of EH. Additionally, we performed a systematic literature search of the databases PubMed and Cochrane Controlled Trials register for studies analyzing the efficacy of progestin treatment in women with EH.
Cortical thickness across the cingulate gyrus in schizophrenia and its association to illness duration and memory performance
Authors: Thielen J.-W. , Müller B. W. , Chang D.-I. , Krug A. , Mehl S. , Rapp A. , Walter H. , Winterer G. , Vogeley K. , Klingberg S. , Wagner M. , Kircher T. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSchizophrenia has been associated with structural brain abnormalities and cognitive deficits that partly change during the course of illness. In the present study, cortical thickness in five subregions of the cingulate gyrus was assessed in 44 patients with schizophrenia-spectrum disorder and 47 control persons and related to illness duration and memory capacities. In the patients group, cortical thickness was increased in the posterior part of the cingulate gyrus and related to illness duration whereas cortical thickness was decreased in anterior parts unrelated to illness duration. In contrast, cortical thickness was related to episodic and working memory performance only in the anterior but not posterior parts of the cingulate gyrus. Our finding of a posterior cingulate increase may point to either increased parietal communication that is accompanied by augmented neural plasticity or to effects of altered neurodegenerative processes in schizophrenia.
Characterization of cognitive impairment in adult polyglucosan body disease
Authors: Zebhauser Paul Theo , Cordts Isabell , Hengel Holger , Haslinger Bernhard , Lingor Paul , Akman Hasan Orhan , Haack Tobias B. , Deschauer Marcus 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAdult polyglucosan body disease (APBD) is a rare but probably underdiagnosed autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder due to pathogenic variants in GBE1. The phenotype is characterized by neurogenic bladder dysfunction, spastic paraplegia, and axonal neuropathy. Additionally, cognitive symptoms and dementia have been reported in APBD but have not been studied systematically. Using exome sequencing, we identified two previously unreported bi-allelic missense GBE1 variants in a patient with severe memory impairment along with the typical non-cognitive symptoms. We were able to confirm a reduction of GBE1 activity in blood lymphocytes. To characterize the neuropsychological profile of patients suffering from APBD, we conducted a systematic review of cognitive impairment in this rare disease. Analysis of 24 cases and case series (in total 58 patients) showed that executive deficits and memory impairment are the most common cognitive symptoms in APBD.