bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Screening of Acaricides for Control of One-Host Ticks, 1982
Authors: Drummond R.O. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Larvae of Boophilus annulatus (Say), the cattle tick, and B. microplus (Canestrini), the southern cattle tick, in colony at the Cattle Fever Tick Research Laboratory, Falcon Heights, TX, and Anocentor nitens (Neumann), the tropical horse tick and Dermacentor albipictus (Packard), the winter tick, in colony at Kerrville, IX, are placed onto cattle. Engorged females that detacn naturally are tested. Usually candidate compounds (technical materials) are formulated as emulsifiable concentrates containing 25% active ingredient (AI), 65% xylene and 10% Triton X-100. Compounds not soluble in xylene are usually formulated (14.3% AI) in a 1:1 mixture of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone and the xylene, Triton X-100 combination. Commercial wettable powders or emulsifiable concentrates may be used. All formulations are mixed with water immediately before treatment. Acaricides are routinely tested at 1, 0.1, and 0.01% AI; the lesser concentrations are obtained by serial dilution of the 1% concentration. For treatment, ticks are washed, dried, sorted into groups of 10, weighed, and placed into 20-25 ml of acaricide, which is stirred vigorously for 30 sec and then poured through a screen that retains the ticks.
Cattle, Ear Tag Devices and Ear Tags for Face Fly and Horn fly Control, 1982
Authors: Herald Freddie , Knapp F.W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Eight beef cattle cow-calf herds were treated for fly control during the first 2 wk of Jun with Ectiban permethrin (0.9 g AI) ear tag tapes or Durmectostrips (8% AI cypermethrin plastic strips) attached to the shank portion of identification ear tags. Cows and calves were treated with different numbers of tapes or strips as described in the below table. Two similar herds of beef cattle were used as untreated checks. On Sep 9, 2 beef cattle cow-calf herds were tagged with either 10% bendiocarb or 10% Delnav dioxathion ear tags. Cows were tagged with Delnav tags at 2/hd and cows and calves were tagged with bendiocarb tags at 2/hd. A similar herd of beef cattle on a free choice use of a 2% malathion backrubber was used as a standard comparison. Face fly and horn fly counts were made on 10 cows in each treatment before treating and at regular post treatment intervals.
Evaluation of Candidate Chemicals as Bait Toxicants Against Imported Fire Ants in Laboratory Screening Tests, 1981
Authors: Williams David F. , Lofgren Clifford S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
All tests are conducted in 30-ml disposable plastic medicine cups. Twenty worker ants from laboratory colonies deprived of food for 14 days were collected from the inside of rearing cells containing brood (brood tenders) and placed in each test cup ca 24 h preceding start of a test. This pretreatment holding period allows time for the ants to recover from handling and to orient. Candidate chemicals are dissolved directly in once-refined soybean oil and offered to the ants on saturated cotton swabs. Preliminary tests with all chemicals are conducted at 3 concentrations (1.0, 0.1 and 0.01%). Compounds giving complete kill at the lowest concentration are tested further until the minimum concentration giving 90% or greater kill is determined. The ants are allowed to feed on the toxic bait for 24 h after which they remain without food for an additional 24 h. At the end of this time, cotton swabs saturated with soybean oil are placed in the chamber and left for the remainder of the test period. Mortality counts are made at intervals of 1, 2, 3, 6, 8, 10 and 14 days following initial exposure. Each test consists of 3 replications plus a soybean oil control and a mirex standard. Room temperature is maintained at 26.7±2.2bC.
Mouse-Cuterebra Animal Systemic Insecticide Test, 1982
Authors: Drummond R.O. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
White mice are infested ocularly with 5 newly hatched larvae of Cuterebra fontinella Clark. Two days later, female mice are weighed and treated orally with candidate insecticides usually formulated in Tween 20; male mice have a plastic collar placed around their necks to prevent grooming, and their bodies are dipped into 80-200 ml of an emulsion of the candidate insecticide usually formulated as an EC in xylene (66 parts), Triton X-100 (10 parts), and AI (25 parts). Highest dosages are 100 mg/kg orally and 1% dentially. Four days later, mice are killed and their bodies examined carefully for encapsulated larvae usually found in the inguinal region. Effectiveness is determined by comparing numbers of larvae in treated mice with numbers in untreated mice. Probit analysis is conducted with corrected percent-kill data.
Apple, Insecticide Tests, 1982
Authors: Pfeiffer Douglas G. , Ponton Leo F. , Darrell Eldridge M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Materials were applied to mature Red Delicious trees with high SJS population densities in Fairfield, VA. Two applications ca 1 wk apart were directed against crawlers of both SJS generations. The spray dates were Jun 2 and 8, and Aug 9 and 18. Each treatment was represented by 4 single-tree replicates in a completely randomized design. Unsprayed buffer tree were left between sprayed trees. Applications were made with a truck-mounted hydraulic sprayer with handgun attachment. Scale populations were assessed by counting scale-infested fruit after each generation of crawlers had settled (on Jul 1 and Sep 7, respectively). Fifty fruit per tree were evaluated. Mite populations were sampled on several dates using 20-leaf samples and a leaf-brushing machine. Aphids were evaluated by counting aphid-infested shoots over a 3-min period on Jun 14.
Rabbits, Systemic Effectiveness of MK-933 Against Psoroptes, 1982
Authors: Wright F.C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Rabbits that were infested with Psoroptes cuniculi, P. ovis, a hybrid of P. ovis x P. cuniculi, or combination of the 2 species were injected with a single subcutaneous (SC) or intramuscular injection (IM) of MK-933 (Ivermectin) at dosage levels of 50-400 ug/kg. IM injections were in the back muscle, and SC injections were in the prescapular region of the neck. All rabbits wore plastic collars to restrict grooming. Both ears of each rabbit were infested, and generally lesions were on the head also and possibly on the body of the host rabbit. The compound, MK-933, was tested as a company injectable formulation. At weekly intervals after injection, the ears of the treated rabbits were checked for live mites with an otoscope and the head and body examined for scabs and live mites. If live mites could not be found by 6 wk, the ear canals were swabbed and the swabs examined for live mites with the aid of a dissecting microscope.
Control of Blackmargined Aphids by Systemic Insecticides in Far West Texas, 1981
Authors: Stone J. D. , Fries J. N. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Five treatments were applied to 10-year-old pecans in Clint in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications for 3 trees/treatment. The material (aldicarb) was applied using an electric Gandy granule applicator attached to 4 shanks spaced at 38 cm intervals on a tool bar. The granules were distributed evenly between shanks in bands on both sides of each tree and lightly disked into the soil to about 6-8 cm below surface. On each of 25 sample dates, aphids were counted on 10 randomly-selected leaves on each tree.
Japanese Beetle: Bioassay to Evaluate Control of Selected Adultcides on Grape, 1981
Authors: Williams Roger N. , Hall Franklin R. , Ellis Michael A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Three insecticide formulations were evaluated for field efficacy in an experimental vineyard of Delaware grapes at Wooster, OH. Rows were spaced 8 ft apart with 8 ft between vines in a row. A replicate consisted of 15 adjacent vines in a row. A single treatment was applied Jul 15. Penncap-M and Sevin 50 WP plus Target NL (Agway) were applied at 58 psi with a C0? constant pressure sprayer equipped with a TeeJet D3-25 core. These 2 compounds were applied at the rate of 50 gal water/acre. Sevin XLR was diluted with 11 parts of water and applied with the same sprayer and some tips at 38 psi at the rate of 5.5 gal water/acre. Three leaves were removed at random from the outside canopy for use in bioassay. Leaves were placed in labeled plastic bags and brought into the laboratory where they were placed in floral tubes in a 1-gal ice cream carton. Ten adult Japanese beetles, of an unknown age were placed in each carton. The carton was modified by placing a 16-mesh wire screen over the bottom and cheese cloth over the top. Each bioassay included 4 replicates. The insect holding room was maintained at 75 F with ca. 807, RH under a 16-hr photoperiod.
White Grub Control on a Home Lawn in Bucks County, Pa, 1982
Authors: Heller P. R. , Guiser S. , Shetlar D. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Seven insecticide treatments were applied Aug 20 to a home lawn infested with white grubs. The predominant white grub species present was Japanese beetle (70%), with the remaining species present in equal numbers (C. borealis, 15%; Phyllophaga spp, 15%). The lawn consisted of Kentucky bluegrass (25%), fescue (25%), and a wide diversity of weeds T50%). Treatment plots were 10 × 10 ft, arranged in a randomized complete block design and replicated 4 times. Liquid formulations were applied in 3 gal water with a hand-held sprinkling can. Granular formulations were applied with a hand held shaker, followed by watering in with 3 gal water. At treatment time, the following environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 83°F; soil temperature, 76°F; soil type, silt-loam; soil condition, moist; soil pH, 5.4; percent organic matter, 2&gt;.5; amount of thatch, 0.06 in; and skies were partly cloudy. Post-treatment counts were made 41 days later (Sep 30). Four ft2 sod samples were randomly taken from each replicate, and the total number of living white grubs was recorded for each ft2 sample. An average of 17 white grubs per ft2 was recorded Aug 20 prior to treatment.
Fall Control of Japanese Beetle Larvae in Bluegrass Turf, 1982
Authors: Kennedy M. Keith , Rodencal Jeff 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The experiments were conducted in the left rough of No. 3 fairway at Blackhawk Golf Course, Westerville, OH. The turf was composed of approximately 90% Kentucky bluegrass and 10% crabgrass. Mowing height was 2.5-3 in. There was no measurable thatch at this site. The predominent soil type was Alexandria-Cardington, characterized as a greyish brown, strongly acid, friable silt loam 8-12 in thick. Environmental conditions at application time were as follows: air temperature, 70 F; relative humidity, 90%; wind from the NW at 0-4 mph; overcast skies; and dry soil. Nine treatments replicated 4 times were applied to 6ft × 8 ft (1.8m × 2.4m) experimental plots arranged in a RCB design. Liquid applications were made using a CO2 pressurized sprayer with 3 8020 nozzles mounted on a 4 ft aluminum boom, operating at 25 psi with a 4 gal/1000 ft spray rate. Granular materials were applied with a 2 ft Gandy drop spreader. All treatments were irrigated with 0.25 in of water immediately after application on Sep 15. Pretreatment counts showed a range of 16-30 grubs/ft. The experimental plots were evaluated at 40 DAT (Oct 25), by randomly sinking four 7.75 in diameter cylinders (ca. 0.33 ft) into the turf to a depth of 8-10 in and counting the number of viable larvae in the plugs of soil.
Aphicide Efficacy Evaluation, California, 1982
Authors: Parrella M. P. , Robb K. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Seven pesticides were tested for efficacy against an aphid, Aphis sp. on chrysanthemum. There were 4 standardized 4-leaved chrysanthemum plants per material including a water check. Al I plants were heavily infested with aphids, and aphid numbers on each plant were reduced to 75 prior to pesticide application. All materials except the Ortho products were applied with a 1-gal hand sprayer at 60 psi until runoff. Post-treatment counts of all aphids per plant were made 3 and 10 days after application.
Control of the Apple-And-Thorn Skeletonizer on Crab Apple in Moscow, ID, 1982
Authors: Carpenter G. P. , Wright G. C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Three insecticides were evaluated for control of the apple-and-thorn skeletonizer on crab apples in a completely randomized block experiment located on the University of Idaho campus. Because the trees were not uniformly infested, infested twigs were selected and the larvae found in a 1 foot segment were counted. These segments of twigs were marked and post-treatment counts made on the same sections. Because Dipel is slow to control, a second set of counts was made on this treatment. Treatments were applied with a handgun at ca 350 psi on Aug 9. Rain fell about 6.5 h after the last application.
Control of Elm Leaf Beetles on Siberian Elm, 1982
Authors: King Ed , Foltz Julie , Pinkston Ken , Price Richard 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The test was conducted on a windbreak planting of Siberian elmjj, approximately 20 ft tall, located 2 mi south of Stillwater, Oklahoma. Trees were treated on Jul 26 when the temperature was 92 F and the wind velocity was 5-10 mph. A majority of the larvae were in 2nd and 3rd instar, approximately 8-12 mm long. Application equipment consisted of a Marco R-20 sprayer which delivered 1.6 gal/min at 200 psi. Trees were treated to run-off. Treatments were randomized and replicated 3 times. Larval counts were made by examining 18 in of terminal branch at 10 locations per tree.
Southern RED Mite Control on Holly, 1982:
Authors: Schultz P. B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A row of heavily infested Japanese hollies 2-3 ft high at the VA Truck & Orn. research station were selected for treatment. Acaricides were applied Oct 19, using a1-gal BAG compressed air sprayer at 30 psi, applied to runoff. On Oct 20, 5 cuttings showing evidence of mite injury were collected from each treatment and the number of mites counted from 2 leaves per cutting (10 leaves per treatment). Temperature at time of treatment was 71 F and no rain fall occurred between application and evaluation.
Cottony Camellia Scale Control, 1982
Authors: Schultz P. B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Scale control was evaluated in a commercial nursery in Exmore, VA by selecting infested Japanese hollies ca 3 ft tall. Insecticides were applied on May 26 using a 1 gal B & G compressed air sprayer at 30 psi, and were applied to runoff. On Jun 10, 5 cuttings were removed from each treatment and the number of crawlers per 10 leaves counted. Temperature at time of treatment was 69°F and 2.06 in of rain occurred between application and evaluation.
Acaricide Efficacy Evaluation, California, 1982
Authors: Jones V. P. , Parrella M. P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Six acaricides were tested for efficacy against the broad mite on Impatiens. The test was set up in a randomized block design with 6 replicates. All materials were applied to runoff with a 1-gal Ran"d sprayer at 60 psi except for plant pins, which were inserted into the soil until completely covered. Counts were made by examining both surfaces of 7 leaves per plant per sampling day. The test was evaluated on the day of application, +3 days, and +10 days.
Bagworm Control on Juniper, 1982
Authors: Schultz P.B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Bagworm control was evaluted by selecting 10 ft sections of a 200 ft row of junipers of similar size (5 ft) and infestation level. Insecticides were applied on Jun 15 using a 1 gal B & G compressed air sprayer at 30 PSI and were applied to runoff. On Jun 18 mortality was determined by collecting 4 sample branches from each treatment, and placing them in the greenhouse at 120 F for 30 min. Live larvae began moving immediately.
Phytotoxicity Evaluations with S-3206 on Ornamental Plants, Georgia, 1982:
Authors: Oetting Ronald D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
S-3206 was applied to 20 selected floricultural species grown in 11.5 cm plastic pots and 11 species grown as bedding plants in cell packs to evaluate phytotoxicity. Sprays were applied to the point of run-off utilizing a power sprayer at 80 psi. Application rates were 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 lb ai/100 gal. Floricultural plants were sprayed on Feb 5, Mar 2, 9, 16, and 23, and bedding plants were sprayed on Mar 9, 23, Apr 6, 13, and 20. Temperatures ranged from 21-28°C with RH of 73-95% at the time of the applications. Plants were grown in a 1:1 mixture of Metro Mix 300 and peat moss and maintained on raised greenhouse benches. Treatments consisted of single pots or cell units replicated 6 times. Treatments were evaluated each week on a damage rating scale of 0-3: 0 = no damage, 1 = slight, 2 = moderate, 3 - severe damage.
Phytotoxicity Evaluations with Resmethrin, 1982
Authors: Schultz P. B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Phytotoxicity trials were conducted on 10 species of container-grown nursery stock and 15 species of field-grown nursery stock at X, 2X, and 4X rates (2,4 and 8 qt per 100 gal). Treatments were applied Aug 24 and 31 using a 1 gal B&G compressed air sprayer at 30 psi. Temperatures at time of treatments were 73°F and 63°F respectively. Evaluation for possible injury was conducted Aug 31 and Sep 8. Rainfall from Aug 24 to Sep 8 was 0.08 in.
Phytotoxicity Tests on Wandering Jews, Massachusetts, 1982:
Authors: Vittum P. J. , Mimms R. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
'Variegata' wandering Jews were treated on Oct 14, Oct 28, and Nov 17 with 9 different insecticides. Plants were in 10-cm pots and had been trimmed so no shoot exceeded 20 cm in length. Four plants were treated for each material or rate tested, and plants were then placed randomly on a greenhouse bench. Foliar sprays were applied to run-off with a CO2 powered sprayer, delivering 38 psi. Soil drenches were applied directly to the soil at 80 ml/pot.
Greenhouse Whitefly Control on Poinsettias, Massachusetts, 1981
Authors: Vittum P. J. , Mimms R. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Ten insecticides were tested for efficacy against greenhouse whiteflies and for phytotoxic responses of red poinsettias. Plants were grown in 15-cm pots in Metro Mix 350 and pinched to 6 leaves Oct 6. Bracts began to show color during the first week of Nov. Each insecticide was applied with a 2-liter capacity hand pump sprayer to the upper and lower leaf surfaces of 3 plants, which were then placed randomly on benches. Applications were made at bi-weekly intervals beginning Oct 30.
DWARF Schefflera, Two-Spotted Spider Mite Control, 1982:
Authors: Stephenson J. C. , Zarko Marie L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Fenpropathrin and Morestan were evaluated for spider mite control on dwarf schefflera. Plants were grown in an amended pine bark medium in a glass greenhouse and hand irrigated as needed. Treatments were applied Apr 26 to all leaf surfaces to run-off with hand-pumped, compressed air sprayers. At time of application ambient temperature was 80 F with a relative humidity of 55%. Four single-plant replicates were arranged in a completely randomized design. Nu-Film 17, 8 oz/100 gal water, was added as an adjuvant to all insecticide treatments. Counts were taken 1 and 7 days after application with a Llanfair Orchard leaf brushing machine.
Control of Mites and Thrips on Beans, 1982
Authors: Stoltz Robert I. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Garden beans planted at Kimberly, Idaho, May 27 for seed were sprayed Jul 28 to control mites and thrips. Materials were broadcast applied over the rows with a C02 pressurized backpack sprayer, Spraying Systems 8004 nozzles, 30 psi, and at 20 gal finished spray/acre. Plot size was 6 row? (11 ft) by 25 ft. All treatments were replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block design. Thrips and mites were sampled on Aug 2, 9, 16, or, 5, 12, and 19 days after application, respectively. On each sampling date 10 trifoliate leaves were picked from different plants in each plot and examined for mites and thrips.
Evaluation of Insecticides to Control Turnip Aphids and Cabbage Loopers on Cabbage, 1982:
Authors: Bland Roger G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
'Tropic Globe' cabbage was transplanted on Mar 1 into single row plots 30 ft in length. Distance between rows was 8 ft and space between plants was 2 ft. Treatment plots were replicated 3 times and arranged in a randomized complete block design. Pesticides were applied to the upper and lower sides of the foliage using a Solo 2.5 gal, knapsack, hand-operated, compressed-air sprayer at the rate of 70 gal/acre (20-25 psi) with a fan nozzle. Treatment for turnip aphids was made Apr 26 and a treatment for turnip aphids and cabbage loopers was made on May 12.
Control of Worms and Aphids on Cabbage, 1982
Authors: Bowman James S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A block of 'Eastern Ballhead' cabbage transplanted on Jul 7 on the Robert Wiggin Farm, Stratham, New Hampshire was utilized. Spray applications at various treatments were made on Aug 10, 17, 24, and 30, and Sep 8 to plots consisting of 20 ft rows replicated 4 times and arranged in a randomized block design. Applications were made on both sides of the row using a B & G CO2 pressurized sprayer (40 psi) at a rate of 25 gal/acre. Combination treatments applied at the same time were tank mixed. Other Xombination treatments were applied separately and at alternate 7-day intervals. One treatment, Pay-Off 2.5EC at 0.04 lb ai/acre was applied on a 14-day interval. Evaluations were made by counting the number of each kind of worm on 5 plants per replicate and by foliage injury ratings on Oct 4. The categories used in rating the foliage injury ratings on Oct 4. The categories used in rating the foliage injury were: l=slight or trace holes; 2=less than 10% of leaves with feeding holes; 3=severe feeding on 25% of leaves; 4=severe feeding on 50% of leaves; 5=severe feeding on 100% of leaves. Aphid evaluations were also made on Oct 4 by determining the percentage of plants per replicate with at least one established aphid colony. Percent marketability of heads was evaluated on Oct 25.
Cabbage Maggot Control, 1982
Authors: Robbins P. S. , Hessney M. L. , Eckenrode C. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The plot was planted and treated Jun 15 at our vegetable crops research farm near Geneva, NY in a Honeyoye fine sandy loam soil. Seeds were planted at 10/ft and treatments were applied using cone seeders. Germination counts were made Jul 1. The crop was then thinned to ca 1 plant every 18 in. Plots consisted of a single row, 25 ft long, replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block. Insecticide applications were based on a 36-inch row width. All over-furrow sprays were applied at 50 GPA using a C02-powered sprayer mounted on a cone seeder. In-furrow liquid applications were made with a gravity system mounted on a cone seeder which delivered 50 GPA. Over-furrow treatments were applied in a band 4-inch wide using a hand-pushed Gandy applicator. The band of granules was then planted through, resulting in a slight mixing of the insecticide into the seed furrow. Injury ratings were made Sep 13 by pulling 10 roots/plot, washing them, and counting the number of tunnels present.
Control of Lepidoptera by 'Organic Garden Sprays, 1982
Authors: Shelton A. M. , Wilsey W. T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cabbage was transplanted Jul 1 at the Vegetable Research Farm near Geneva, NY. Plots consisted of two 10-ft rows, each with 36-inch centers and 16-inch plant spacing. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a RCB design. Treatments were applied with a Solo Backpack Sprayer operating at 15 psi and delivering 15 gal/acre, except for Rotenone which was dusted over the plants after spraying them with water. Treatments which consisted of plant or animal matter were liquified and coarsely strained before application. Applications were made on a weekly basis from Aug 17 until Oct 7. Agway sticker-spreader (2.5 ml/gal) was added to all treatments. Evaluations were made on Oct 14 by randomly selecting 3 plants/plot and rating each plant on an overall scale of injury from 0 (no injury) to 6 (severe defoliation). A rating &gt;2 was considered not suitable for fresh market standards. Infestations were considerate moderate.