bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of long-term mortality following hip fracture surgery: evaluation of three risk models
Authors: Karres Julian , Eerenberg Jan-Peter , Vrouenraets Bart C. , Kerkhoffs Gino M. M. J. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Several prognostic models have been developed for mortality in hip fracture patients, but their accuracy for long-term prediction is unclear. This study evaluates the performance of three models assessing 30-day, 1-year and 8-year mortality after hip fracture surgery: the Nottingham Hip Fracture Score (NHFS), the model developed by Holt et al. and the Hip fracture Estimator of Mortality Amsterdam (HEMA).

Materials and methods
Patients admitted with a fractured hip between January 2012 and June 2013 were included in this retrospective cohort study. Relevant variables used by the three models were collected, as were mortality data. Predictive performance was assessed in terms of discrimination with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and calibration with the Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test. Clinical usefulness was evaluated by determining risk groups for each model, comparing differences in mortality using Kaplan–Meier curves, and by assessing positive and negative predictive values.

Results
A total of 344 patients were included for analysis. Observed mortality rates were 6.1% after 30 days, 19.1% after 1 year and 68.6% after 8 years. The NHFS and the model by Holt et al. demonstrated good to excellent discrimination and adequate calibration for both short- and long-term mortality prediction, with similar clinical usefulness measures. The HEMA demonstrated inferior prediction of 30-day and 8-year mortality, with worse discriminative abilities and a significant lack of fit.

Conclusions
The NHFS and the model by Holt et al. allowed for accurate identification of low- and high-risk patients for both short- and long-term mortality after a fracture of the hip. The HEMA performed poorly. When considering predictive performance and ease of use, the NHFS seems most suitable for implementation in daily clinical practice.
Sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob Disease in the young (50 and below): 10-year review of United Kingdom surveillance
Authors: Tam Johnny , Centola John , Kurudzhu Hatice , Watson Neil , MacKenzie Janet , Leitch Margaret , Hughes Terri , Green Alison , Summers David , Barria Marcelo , Smith Colin , Pal Suvankar 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob Disease (sCJD) is the commonest human prion disease, with a median age of onset of 68 years. We characterise the clinical, investigation, and neuropathological features in young individuals with sCJD using data from UK national CJD surveillance.

Methods
Referrals between 2011 and 2021 were examined, with definite (post-mortem confirmed) or probable sCJD cases included. Clinical features, MRI, EEG, CSF RT-QuIC, 14-3-3, PRNP sequencing and neuropathological findings were examined. We compared younger (≤ 50 years age of onset) with older individuals. Records of Non-sCJD referrals were also reviewed.

Results
46 (4%) young individuals were identified (age at onset 25–50) from 1178 cases. 15 (33%) were autopsy confirmed. Psychiatric disturbance (37% vs 22%, p = 0.02) and headache (11% vs 3%, p = 0.01) at presentation, and longer disease duration (by 1.45 months, 95% CI 0.43–2.79, logrank p = 0.007) were commoner. CSF RT-QuIC showed lower sensitivity (82% vs 93%, p = 0.02). There was no difference in sensitivity of MR brain or CSF 14-3-3. There were no significant co-pathologies in autopsy-confirmed cases. For non-sCJD referrals, 41 cases were of other CJD subtypes, and 7 non-prion diagnoses.

Conclusions
Young-onset sCJD is more likely to present with neuropsychiatric symptoms and headache, longer disease duration, and lower sensitivity of RT-QuIC. These findings may be driven by the underlying molecular subtypes. Our results guide the evaluation of younger individuals presenting with rapidly progressive cognitive, neuropsychiatric, and motor decline, and emphasise the need for additional vigilance for atypical features by clinicians and CJD surveillance programmes worldwide.
The dilemma of trauma-focused therapy: effects of imagery rescripting on voluntary memory
Authors: Ganslmeier Maximilian , Kunze Anna E. , Ehring Thomas , Wolkenstein Larissa 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTrauma-focused imagery-based interventions are suspected to alter or even distort declarative voluntary memory of a traumatic event, especially if they involve the active modification of imagery, e.g., as used in imagery rescripting (ImRs). However, systematic research is lacking so far. To investigate whether ImRs modifies voluntary memory of a standardized autobiographical aversive event (Trier Social Stress Test) (Session 1), healthy participants (N = 100) were randomly assigned to either an intervention condition receiving one session of ImRs or to a no-intervention control condition (NIC) (Session 2). Voluntary memory was examined using a free recall (Sessions 2 and 3) and a cued recall (Sessions 3 and 4). Although voluntary memory tended to deteriorate over time, contrary to expectations, this effect was not associated with ImRs. Remarkably, the number of correct details in free recall even improved in ImRs but not in NIC. This challenges the view that ImRs alters voluntary memory.
Longitudinal prediction of motor dysfunction after stroke: a disconnectome study
Authors: Dulyan Lilit , Talozzi Lia , Pacella Valentina , Corbetta Maurizio , Forkel Stephanie J. , Thiebaut de Schotten Michel 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMotricity is the most commonly affected ability after a stroke. While many clinical studies attempt to predict motor symptoms at different chronic time points after a stroke, longitudinal acute-to-chronic studies remain scarce. Taking advantage of recent advances in mapping brain disconnections, we predict motor outcomes in 62 patients assessed longitudinally two weeks, three months, and one year after their stroke. Results indicate that brain disconnection patterns accurately predict motor impairments. However, disconnection patterns leading to impairment differ between the three-time points and between left and right motor impairments. These results were cross-validated using resampling techniques. In sum, we demonstrated that while some neuroplasticity mechanisms exist changing the structure–function relationship, disconnection patterns prevail when predicting motor impairment at different time points after stroke.
Molecular identification of vivax malaria relapse patients in the Yunnan Province based on homology analysis of the Plasmodium vivax circumsporozoite protein gene
Authors: Xu Yanchun , Dong Ying , Deng Yan , Huang Herong , Chen Mengni , Liu Yan , Wu Jing , Zhang Canglin , Zheng Webi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMore than 85% of the malaria burden in the Yunnan Province is caused by imported vivax malaria, and Yunnan is also where the majority of vivax malaria patients are diagnosed in China. Timely removal of the infection sources of Plasmodium vivax and its breeding environment remains the key to eliminating the secondary transmission of imported malaria. To that end, blood samples were collected from cases diagnosed and revalidated as single species infection with P. vivax in the Yunnan Province from 2013 to 2020. Specifically, samples from vivax malaria patients with suspected relapses episodes were subjected to PCR amplification, product sequencing, and analysis of the P. vivax circumsporozoite protein (pvcsp) gene. In total, 77 suspected relapse patients were identified out of 2484 cases infected with P. vivax, with a total of 81 recurrent episodes. A total of 156 CDS (coding DNA sequence) chains were obtained through PCR amplification and sequencing of the pvcsp gene from 159 blood samples, 121 of which can be matched to the paired sequences of 59 vivax malaria patients with both primary attack and recurrent experience. Of the 59 pairs of pvcsp gene sequences, every one of 31 pairs showed only one haplotype and no variant sites (VS), meaning every two paired sequence was completely homologous. Every one of the remaining 28 paired sequences had two haplotypes but no length polymorphism, indicating that the paired sequences was “weakly heterologous” with no fragment insertions (or deletions). All 59 vivax malaria patients with recurrences were caused by the activation of P. vivax hypnozoites originated from the same population as the primary infection. The paired analysis of the similarity between high variant genes allowed the identification of relapse episodes caused by P. vivax homologous hypnozoites and also demonstrated pvcsp gene as one of the candidate molecular markers for tracing infection origin.
Discriminant model and hydrogeochemical processes for characterizing preferential flow paths in four interconnected volcanic aquifers in Costa Rica
Authors: Madrigal-Solís Helga , Jiménez-Gavilán Pablo , Vadillo-Pérez Iñaki , Fonseca-Sánchez Alicia , Calderón-Sánchez Hazel , Quesada-Hernández Luis , Gómez-Cruz Alicia 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe volcanic Barva and Colima multiaquifer system is crucial for the drinking water supply of about 1.7 million people, about 30% of the population in Costa Rica. The complexity of this system and the simultaneous occurrence of anthropogenic and natural processes complicate the understanding of hydrochemical and hydrogeological dynamics, both essential for groundwater protection. This research aimed to develop a model for the discrimination of groundwaters according to the main withdrawn aquifer and flow path, assess interaquifer connections, and evaluate the main hydrochemical processes governing water quality. Samples (571) from 38 sampling sites, collected quarterly from 2016 to 2020, were analyzed for nitrate, major ions, and silica. Principal component analysis and discriminant analysis exhibited and validated sample grouping according to the primary aquifer system captured, i.e., Upper Barva, Lower Barva, Upper Colima, and Lower Colima, and the occurrence of two flow paths within the Lower Barva and Upper Colima aquifers. Hydrochemical and statistical analyses showed resilience to seasonal chemical variation in deeper aquifers and also three groundwater mixing processes. Lower Barva groundwater enriches in bicarbonate, magnesium, calcium, sodium, and silica, mainly due to weathering of mafic andesitic-basaltic lavas. The Upper and Lower Colima showed higher silica and major ion content, except for calcium, indicating longer residence times, dissolution from felsic andesitic minerals, and calcium adsorption by normal ion exchange. Weathering of aluminosilicates is the primary process governing groundwater quality in the four studied aquifers, whereas cation exchange, interaquifer leakage, and anthropogenic processes might modify the groundwater chemistry.
Antibiofilm activity of a lytic Salmonella phage on different Salmonella enterica serovars isolated from broiler farms
Authors: Hosny Reham A. , Shalaby Azhar G. , Nasef Soad A. , Sorour Hend K. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBacteriophages have been mainly used in treating infections caused by planktonic bacterial cells in the veterinary sector. However, their applications as antibiofilm agents have received little attention. Accordingly, a previously isolated Salmonella infecting Siphoviridae phage was investigated for host range against 15 Salmonella enterica isolates (S. Cape, S. Gallinarum, 4 S. Enteritidis, 3 S. Montevideo, S. Uno, S. Oritamerin, S. Belgdam, S. Agona, S. Daula, and S. Aba) recovered from the litters of commercial broiler farms. All S. enterica isolates were examined for their biofilm activity using a microtiter plate assay and for adrA, csgD, and gcpA genes using conventional PCR. The phage efficacy against established biofilms produced by the selected seven S. enterica isolates (S. Gallinarum, S. Enteritidis, S. Montevideo, S. Uno, S. Oritamerin, S. Belgdam, and S. Agona) was assessed using microtiter plate assay and reverse transcriptase real-time PCR over different incubation times of 5 and 24 h. All S. enterica isolates were strong biofilm formers. Moreover, the phage effectively reduced the biofilm activity of the established S. enterica biofilms in the microtiter plate assay using the independent sample t-test (P < 0.050). Furthermore, the relative expression levels of csgD, gcpA, and adrA genes in the biofilm cells of S. enterica isolate after phage treatment were significantly up-regulated to variable degrees using the independent sample t-test (P < 0.050). In conclusion, the present study revealed the potential use of Salmonella phage in reducing established biofilms produced by S. enterica serovars isolated from broiler farms.
Four Greenness Evaluations of Two Chromatographic Methods: Application to Fluphenazine HCl and Nortriptyline HCl Pharmaceutical Combination in Presence of Their Potential Impurities Perphenazine and Dibenzosuberone
Authors: Magdy Maimana A. , Farid Nehal F. , Anwar Basma H. , Abdelhamid Nessreen S. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Nowadays, when analysts develop a new method, they are taking into consideration the green aspects of the developed method. Two chromatographic methods were developed for the determination of antidepressant pharmaceutical combination nortriptyline hydrochloride and fluphenazine hydrochloride in presence of their potential impurities and the methods were assessed using four tools; eco-scale, analytical greenness profile (AGP), analytical greenness metric approach (AGREE), and green analytical procedure index (GAPI). Method (A) was RP-HPLC, in which the separation was carried out on C18 column (250 × 4.5 mm, 5 µm) by gradient elution using mobile phase consisting of a mixture of water containing 0.1% H3PO4 (pH 2.25) and methanol, at a flow rate of 2 mL/min with DAD detection at 254 nm. Method (B) was TLC, in which the separation was carried out on silica gel TLC F254 plates. The mobile phase used was a mixture of methanol and acetone (9:1, v/v) with UV detection at 245 nm. The proposed methods agreed with ICH guidelines of method validation and were successfully applied for determination of the proposed components in their dosage form and the results were compared statistically to those obtained by the reported RP-HPLC method with no significant difference; which suggests the application of the developed methods for routine quality control analysis of these drugs.
PITX1 suppresses osteosarcoma metastasis through exosomal LINC00662-mediated M2 macrophage polarization
Authors: Zhang Ying , Chen Yelong , Chen Chuangzhen , Guo Huancheng , Zhou Chunbin , Wang Hu , Liu Zhaoyong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPaired-like homeodomain transcription factor 1 (PITX1) is frequently downregulated in cancers, including osteosarcoma (OS). However, its role in OS remains unknown. Therefore, we aimed to explore the functions and potential mechanisms of PITX1 in OS malignant progression. Elevated PITX1 suppressed OS cell proliferation and migration, based on transwell, proliferation, and colony formation assays. Pathway enrichment analysis of differentially-expressed genes between PITX1-overexpressing and control OS cells indicated that PITX1 expression was associated with the FAK/Src and PI3k/Akt signaling pathways. Mechanistically, ubiquitination assays and rescue experiments showed that PITX1 interacted with transcription factor STAT3, leading to decreased STAT3 transcriptional activity, which repressed the expression of LINC00662. Specific knockdown of LINC00662 reduced the tumor growth and invasion of OS cells induced by downregulated PITX1. Moreover, exosomal LINC00662, derived from PITX1 knockdown OS cell lines activated M2 macrophages in cell co-culture assays. M2 macrophage secreted several cytokines, among which CCL22 was found to cause OS cell EMT. Collectively, our data indicate that PITX1 suppresses OS cell proliferation and metastasis by downregulating LINC00662. Moreover, LINC00662 can be packaged into OS cell-derived exosomes to mediate M2 macrophage polarization to promote OS metastasis via CCL22.
Biases arising from linked administrative data for epidemiological research: a conceptual framework from registration to analyses
Authors: Shaw Richard J. , Harron Katie L. , Pescarini Julia M. , Pinto Junior Elzo Pereira , Allik Mirjam , Siroky Andressa N. , Campbell Desmond , Dundas Ruth , Ichihara Maria Yury , Leyland Alastair H. , Barreto Mauricio L. , Katikireddi Srinivasa Vittal 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLinked administrative data offer a rich source of information that can be harnessed to describe patterns of disease, understand their causes and evaluate interventions. However, administrative data are primarily collected for operational reasons such as recording vital events for legal purposes, and planning, provision and monitoring of services. The processes involved in generating and linking administrative datasets may generate sources of bias that are often not adequately considered by researchers. We provide a framework describing these biases, drawing on our experiences of using the 100 Million Brazilian Cohort (100MCohort) which contains records of more than 131 million people whose families applied for social assistance between 2001 and 2018. Datasets for epidemiological research were derived by linking the 100MCohort to health-related databases such as the Mortality Information System and the Hospital Information System. Using the framework, we demonstrate how selection and misclassification biases may be introduced in three different stages: registering and recording of people’s life events and use of services, linkage across administrative databases, and cleaning and coding of variables from derived datasets. Finally, we suggest eight recommendations which may reduce biases when analysing data from administrative sources.
Changes in Economic Hardships Arising During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Differences by Nativity and Race
Authors: Bovell-Ammon Allison , Ettinger de Cuba Stephanie , Lê-Scherban Félice , Rateau Lindsey , Heeren Timothy , Cantave Cerlyn , Green Kaye-Alese , Frank Deborah A. , Cutts Diana , Ochoa Eduardo , Sandel Megan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHardships in early childhood impact health. Few longitudinal studies have examined pandemic-related hardships among families with young children by race/ethnicity or nativity. We used prospective longitudinal data from 1,165 caregivers of children < 4 years surveyed in English and Spanish face-to-face in 5 urban hospitals 1/2018 to 3/2020 (pre-pandemic) and again by telephone 9/2020 to 3/2021 (during pandemic). Caregivers reported hardships (household food insecurity [HFI], child food insecurity [CFI]), behind on rent [BOR]) and maternal race/ethnicity and nativity. During the pandemic vs pre-pandemic, families with immigrant mothers had greater increases in HFI [aOR = 2.15 (CI 1.49–3.09)] than families with US-born mothers [aOR = 1.44 (CI 1.09–1.90)] and greater increases in BOR [families with immigrant mothers aOR = 4.09 (CI 2.78–6.01) vs. families with US-born mothers aOR = 2.19 (CI 1.68–2.85)]. CFI increases for all groups did not vary by nativity nor race/ethnicity. HFI and BOR increases during COVID were significantly greater in families with Latina mothers and those with immigrant mothers than other groups.
Gaussian Fluctuation for Smoothed Local Correlations in CUE
Authors: Soshnikov Alexander 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMotivated by the Rudnick-Sarnak theorem we study limiting distribution of smoothed local correlations of the form $$\begin{aligned} \sum _{j_1, j_2, \ldots , j_n} f(N(\theta _{j_2}-\theta _{j_1}), N(\theta _{j_3}-\theta _{j_1}), \ldots , N(\theta _{j_n}-\theta _{j_1})) \end{aligned}$$

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In situ characterisation for studying nucleation and growth of nanostructured materials and thin films during liquid-based synthesis
Authors: Bakken Kristine , Grendal Ola Gjønnes , Einarsrud Mari-Ann 
Published: November 2022

AbstractKnowledge about the nucleation, growth, and formation mechanisms during materials synthesis using sol-gel and solution-based methods is important to design a material with desired properties. We used aqueous chemical synthesis as an environmentally friendly and highly flexible route to tailored and reproducible synthesis of oxide nanomaterials and thin films. For studies of hydrothermal synthesis an in situ cell using synchrotron X-ray diffraction was used to investigate the formation mechanisms of SrxBa1-xNb2O6 piezoelectrics. Aqueous chemical solution deposition of phase pure oriented piezoelectric thin films demands strong control of processing parameters. An in situ cell for synchrotron X-ray diffraction studies of the annealing and crystallisation steps during aqueous chemical solution deposition was used to understand the nucleation and crystallisation of Ba0.85Ca0.15Zr0.1Ti0.9O3 (BCZT). We discuss how the knowledge about nucleation and growth obtained by in situ characterisation can be used to design the optimal procedure for fabrication of oxide materials with desired properties.
Loneliness in Elderly Inpatients
Authors: Just Sandra Anna , Seethaler Magdalena , Sarpeah Rosana , Waßmuth Nathalie , Bermpohl Felix , Brandl Eva Janina 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPurpose: Loneliness among the elderly is a widespread phenomenon and is connected to various negative health outcomes. Nevertheless, loneliness among elderly inpatients, especially those with a psychiatric diagnosis, has hardly been examined. Our study assessed loneliness in elderly inpatients, identified predictors, and compared levels of loneliness between inpatients on psychiatric and somatic wards. Methods: N = 100 elderly inpatients of a somatic and psychiatric ward were included. Levels of loneliness were assessed, as were potential predictors such as depression, psychological resilience, severity of mental illness, well-being, daily functioning, and psychiatric diagnosis. Analyses of group differences and hierarchical multiple regression analysis were conducted. Results: 37% of all inpatients reported elevated levels of loneliness. Significant predictor variables were self-reported depressive symptoms, well-being, severity of mental illness, being single and living with a caregiver. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis revealed that the full model explained 58% of variance in loneliness. Psychiatric inpatients’ loneliness was significantly higher than loneliness in somatic inpatients. When analyzing group differences between inpatients with different main psychiatric diagnoses, highest levels were found in patients with an affective disorder, followed by those treated for organic mental disorder. Since the study took place during the COVID-19 pandemic, potential influence of different measurement points (lockdown vs. no lockdown) were analyzed: Differences in loneliness depending on the phase of the pandemic were non-significant. Conclusion: Elderly inpatients experience high levels of loneliness, especially those with a mental disorder. Interventions to reduce loneliness in this population should address predictors of loneliness, preferably through multiprofessional interventions.