bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing diagnostic findings and cost of whole body computed tomography to traditional diagnostic imaging in polytrauma patients
Authors: Sepuya Rebecca G. , Dozeman Emily T. , Prittie Jennifer E. , Fischetti Anthony J. , Weltman Joel G. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the diagnostic utility of traditional diagnostic tests (ie, radiographs and focused assessment using sonography for trauma [FAST] scans) to whole‐body computed tomography (WBCT) for characterizing injuries in polytrauma patients. A secondary objective was to compare costs of traditional diagnostic tests to WBCT.DesignProspective, observational study.SettingPrivate, level 1 veterinary trauma center.AnimalsConvenience sample of 21 client‐owned cats and dogs presenting with polytrauma.InterventionsAbdominal and thoracic FAST were performed by the primary clinician, if indicated. Radiographs were performed on areas concerning for trauma at the primary clinician's discretion. A WBCT was performed on each patient within 24 h of presentation and was blindly interpreted by a board‐certified radiologist. Patients were only placed under anesthesia if further procedures were planned. IV contrast administration was employed at the discretion of the primary clinician and radiologist.Measurements and Main ResultsTwenty‐one patients (14 dogs and 7 cats) were enrolled. Sources of trauma included blunt force (80%), penetrating wounds (10%), and unknown sources (10%). Twelve injuries were missed on traditional diagnostics tests. Injuries missed on traditional diagnostic workup included pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, pulmonary contusions, pleural effusion, traumatic bulla, peritoneal effusion, and an appendicular skeleton fracture. A distal metacarpal fracture was missed on WBCT. Traditional diagnostic tests misdiagnosed a diaphragmatic hernia and a ruptured urinary bladder, whereas WBCT was able to rule out these injuries. There were no adverse outcomes associated with missed injuries. The median cost of traditional diagnostic tests was significantly less than the cost of WBCT (P < 0.001).ConclusionsAlthough cost is higher, WBCT is a single test that can provide more comprehensive information and may help decrease the risk of missed injuries compared to traditional diagnostic tests. WBCT may be considered as a first‐line diagnostic in severely traumatized patients.
Heat Transfer Analysis of Cu–Water Nanofluid in a District Cooling Chilled Water Loop
Authors: Abdellatif Yasser M. , Okonkwo Eric C. , Beitelmal AbdlMonem H. , Al-Ansari Tareq 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Nanofluids consist of nanoparticles made of materials with high thermal conductivity suspended in a base fluid such as water. In theory, the presence of thermally conductive nanoparticles in a base fluid improves the heat transfer performance of the resulting nanofluid. This article numerically investigates the impact of nanoparticles on the energy performance of a district cooling system. The current work focuses on using Cu–water nanofluid as the working fluid for the secondary chilled water loop. It examines the effect of varying the nanoparticles concentration, nanofluid flowrate, and return temperature on the system energy performance. The numerical model is built using the engineering equation solver (EES) and validated using operational data obtained from the McQuay chilled water system operating in one of the university central facility plants. In the current numerical model, the Reynolds number in the shell side of the heat exchanger is varied between 2200 and 8800 at a volume fraction of 0.02. The result shows that for a fixed cooling capacity of 280 kW, the Cu–water nanofluid reduced the mass flowrate by 4.8% and the corresponding pump work input by 33.6%. This improved energy performance of the circulating water reduced the overall chiller system work input by 3.8% and increased the corresponding system coefficient of performance (COP) by 3.9%. The current findings reveal the potential impact and opportunity of nanofluids on the effectiveness of the district cooling system chiller water loop and the associated overall energy performance.
Postmatch Recovery Practices Carried Out in Professional Football: A Survey of 56 Portuguese Professional Football Teams
Authors: Querido Sérgio M. , Brito João , Figueiredo Pedro , Carnide Filomena , Vaz João R. , Freitas Sandro R. 
Published: February 2022

Background: In football (ie, soccer), the effectiveness of recovery practices is critical to maintain high levels of performance, prevent residual fatigue, and reduce injury risk. However, the recovery methods that professional football teams put in place up to 72 hours postmatch are widely unknown. Purpose: This study aimed to characterize the postmatch recovery practices in Portuguese football teams in different postmatch periods and match locations. Methods: Portuguese football teams (total, N = 56; male: first league [n = 17], second league [n = 16], under-23 league [n = 12]; female: first league, n = 11) participated in the study. The practitioners in charge of recovery strategies in each team filled out the online questionnaire in the middle of the 2019–20 season. The questions focused on the type of recovery methods to be used at different times after home and away matches. Results: After home matches, stretching, electrostimulation, active recovery, and massage were used with higher frequency (P < .017) in later postmatch periods (ie, 12–24, and 24–72 h) compared with immediately postmatch. After away matches, several differences were found (P < .017) for the stretching, electrostimulation, active recovery, cold-water immersion, massage, nutrition, and sleep between postmatch periods. Regarding match location, stretching (r = .19), active recovery (r = .39), cold-water immersion (r = .46), and massage (r = .29) showed a higher frequency of use immediately after home matches. Conversely, the use of compression garments (r = .27) was higher immediately after away matches. Conclusions: It was concluded that in professional football, recovery methods are not applied uniformly along postmatch periods and differ depending on the match location.
SARS-CoV-2 antigen lateral flow tests for detecting infectious people: linked data analysis
Authors: Deeks Jonathan J , Singanayagam Anika , Houston Hamish , Sitch Alice J , Hakki Seran , Dunning Jake , Lalvani Ajit 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the proportion of lateral flow tests (LFTs) that produce negative results in those with a high risk of infectiousness from SARS-CoV-2, to investigate the impact of the stage and severity of disease, and to compare predictions made by influential mathematical models with findings of empirical studies.DesignLinked data analysis combining empirical evidence of the accuracy of the Innova LFT, the probability of positive viral culture or transmission to secondary cases, and the distribution of viral loads of SARS-CoV-2 in individuals in different settings.SettingTesting of individuals with symptoms attending NHS Test-and-Trace centres across the UK, residents without symptoms attending municipal mass testing centres in Liverpool, and students without symptoms screened at the University of Birmingham.ParticipantsEvidence for the sensitivity of the Innova LFT, based on 70 individuals with SARS-CoV-2 and LFT results. Infectiousness was based on viral culture rates on 246 samples (176 people with SARS-CoV-2) and secondary cases among 2 474 066 contacts; distributions of cycle threshold (Ct) values from 231 497 index individuals attending NHS Test-and-Trace centres; 70 people with SARS-CoV-2 detected in Liverpool and 62 people with SARS-CoV-2 in Birmingham (54 imputed).Main outcome measuresThe predicted proportions who were missed by LFT and viral culture positive and missed by LFT and sources of secondary cases, in each of the three settings. Predictions were compared with those made by mathematical models.ResultsThe analysis predicted that of those with a viral culture positive result, Innova would miss 20% attending an NHS Test-and-Trace centre, 29% without symptoms attending municipal mass testing, and 81% attending university screen testing without symptoms, along with 38%, 47%, and 90% of sources of secondary cases. In comparison, two mathematical models underestimated the numbers of missed infectious individuals (8%, 10%, and 32% in the three settings for one model, whereas the assumptions from the second model made it impossible to miss an infectious individual). Owing to the paucity of usable data, the inputs to the analyses are from limited sources.ConclusionsThe proportion of infectious people with SARS-CoV-2 missed by LFTs is substantial enough to be of clinical importance. The proportion missed varied between settings because of different viral load distributions and is likely to be highest in those without symptoms. Key models have substantially overestimated the sensitivity of LFTs compared with empirical data. An urgent need exists for additional robust well designed and reported empirical studies from intended use settings to inform evidence based policy.
Efficacy of a meal sequence in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Okami Yukiko , Tsunoda Hideki , Watanabe Jun , Kataoka Yuki 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThis systematic review investigated the efficacy of a meal sequence, the carbohydrate-later meal pattern (CL), on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Research design and methodsWe searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, Embase, WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, and ClinicalTrials.gov until April 2020 to perform meta‐analyses using random-effects models. Primary outcomes were hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and quality of life. Secondary outcomes were plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin and incretin 120 min after a meal, and any adverse outcomes. The revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach were used to assess the quality of individual studies and the body of evidence, respectively. The present study was registered in the UMIN Clinical Trials Registry.ResultsWe included 230 participants in eight trials, including both trials that examined long-term changes (more than 2 months and less than 2 years) and short-term changes (in 2-hour postprandial values). CL resulted in a slight to no difference in HbA1c (mean difference (MD), −0.21% in the intervention group; 95% CI −0.44% to+0.03%), plasma glucose (MD,+4.94 mg/dL; 95% CI −8.34 mg/dL to +18.22 mg/dL), plasma insulin (MD, −3.63 μIU/mL; 95% CI −11.88 μIU/mL to +4.61 μIU/mL), plasma GLP-1 (MD, +0.43 pmol/L; 95% CI −0.69 pmol/L to +1.56 pmol/L), and plasma GIP (MD, −2.02 pmol/L; 95% CI −12.34 pmol/L to +8.31 pmol/L). All of these outcomes were of low-certainty evidence or very low-certainty evidence. None of the trials evaluated quality of life or adverse events.ConclusionsThere was no evidence for the potential efficacy of recommending CL beyond standard dietary advice on T2DM.Trial registration numberUMIN000039979.
Impact of paramedic education on door-to-balloon times and appropriate use of the primary PCI pathway in ST-elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Mahadevan Kalaivani , Sharma Divyesh , Walker Christopher , Maznyczka Annette , Hobson Alex , Strike Philip , Griffiths Huw , Dana Ali 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveEvidence supports improved outcomes and reduced mortality with rapid reperfusion through primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) for ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). UK national audit data (Myocardial Ischaemia National Audit Project [MINAP]) demonstrates minor improvements in door-to-balloon times (DTB) of <90 min but increasing call-to-balloon times (CTB). We evaluate the effect of a regional Cardiologist delivered paramedic education programme (PEP) on DTB times and appropriate use of the PPCI pathway.MethodsThis was a prospective single-centre study of patients with STEMI brought directly to hospital via ambulance services. Data sources included ambulance charts, in-patient notes, British Cardiovascular Interventional Society (BCIS) database and local MINAP data. All DTB breaches were investigated. A local PEP was implemented with focus on ECG interpretation, STEMI diagnosis and appropriate use of the PPCI pathway. Non-parametric Wilcoxon rank test was used for comparisons of DTB and CTB times between direct versus ED-associated cath lab transfer.ResultsA total of 728 patients with STEMI were admitted directly to our centre via ambulance, 66% (n=484) directly to the Catheterisation Laboratory (Cath Lab) and 34% (n=244) via the Emergency Department (ED). There was a significant increase in median DTB, 83 vs 37 min (p<0.001) and median CTB 144 vs 97.5 min (p<0.001) when transfer to the Cath Lab occurred via the ED versus direct transfer. The PEP increased direct cath lab transfers (52%–85%) and generated annual reductions in median DTB times, with sustained improvement seen throughout the 7-year study period.ConclusionsParamedic education increases direct transfer of STEMI patients to the Cath Lab, and reduces DTB times. This is an effective and reproducible intervention to facilitate timely reperfusion in STEMI.
Association between multimorbidity, self-rated health and life satisfaction among independent, community-dwelling very old persons in Japan: longitudinal cohort analysis from the Kawasaki Ageing and Well-being Project
Authors: Ando Takayuki , Nishimoto Yoshinori , Hirata Takumi , Abe Yukiko , Takayama Midori , Maeno Takashi , Fujishima Seitaro , Takebayashi Toru , Arai Yasumichi 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveThis study aimed to identify associations between multimorbidity and subjective health outcomes among the very old persons, after adjusting for coexisting conditions such as frailty and depression.Study setting and participantsThis was an observational cross-sectional study involving 1012 independent, community-dwelling very old persons (507 men, 505 women; aged 85–89 years) in Kawasaki city, Japan.Outcome measuresThe primary outcome was the cross-sectional associations between multimorbidity and poor self-rated health (SRH) and life satisfaction using binary logistic regression. The secondary outcome was the association of subjective health with each chronic condition.ResultsThe prevalence of multimorbidity (≥2 conditions) was 94.7%, and the average number of chronic conditions was 4.47±1.9. Multimorbidity was significantly associated with poor SRH in the adjusted model only when six or more chronic conditions were present (OR 4.80; 95% CI 1.34 to 17.11; p=0.016). Cerebrovascular disease, heart disease, respiratory disease, connective tissue disease and arthritis showed significant associations with poor SRH after multivariate adjustment. Sex-specific analysis replicated associations between multimorbidity with six or more conditions and SRH in both men and women, while the diseases with the greatest impact on SRH differed between men and women. Most conditions were not associated with low satisfaction with life scale, with the exception of arthritis (OR 1.92, 95% CI 1.32 to 2.78, p=0.001).ConclusionsMultimorbidity is prevalent in the independent, community-dwelling very old persons and is associated with poor SRH when six or more conditions are present; conditions causing mobility limitations, such as cerebrovascular disease, connective tissue disease and arthritis, have a negative impact on SRH.Trial registration numberUMIN000026053.
Global prevalence and trends in hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus among slum residents: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Uthman Olalekan Abdulrahman , Ayorinde Abimbola , Oyebode Oyinlola , Sartori Jo , Gill Paramjit , Lilford R J 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveFirst, to obtain regional estimates of prevalence of hypertension and type 2 diabetes in urban slums; and second, to compare these with those in urban and rural areas.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Eligibility criteriaStudies that reported hypertension prevalence using the definition of blood pressure ≥140/90 mm Hg and/or prevalence of type 2 diabetes.Information sourcesOvid MEDLINE, Cochrane CENTRAL and EMBASE from inception to December 2020.Risk of biasTwo authors extracted relevant data and assessed risk of bias independently using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guideline.Synthesis of resultsWe used random-effects meta-analyses to pool prevalence estimates. We examined time trends in the prevalence estimates using meta-regression regression models with the prevalence estimates as the outcome variable and the calendar year of the publication as the predictor.ResultsA total of 62 studies involving 108 110 participants met the inclusion criteria. Prevalence of hypertension and type 2 diabetes in slum populations ranged from 4.2% to 52.5% and 0.9% to 25.0%, respectively. In six studies presenting comparator data, all from the Indian subcontinent, slum residents were 35% more likely to be hypertensive than those living in comparator rural areas and 30% less likely to be hypertensive than those from comparator non-slum urban areas.Limitations of evidenceOf the included studies, only few studies from India compared the slum prevalence estimates with those living in non-slum urban and rural areas; this limits the generalisability of the finding.InterpretationThe burden of hypertension and type 2 diabetes varied widely between countries and regions and, to some degree, also within countries.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42017077381.
Identifying the latent classes of modifiable risk behaviours among diabetic and hypertensive individuals in Northeastern India: a population-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Marbaniang Strong P , Lhungdim Hemkhothang , Chungkham Holendro Singh 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveTo identify the latent classes of modifiable risk factors among the patients with diabetes and hypertension based on the observed indicator variables: smoking, alcohol, aerated drinks, overweight or obesity, diabetes and hypertension. We hypothesised that the study population diagnosed with diabetes or hypertension is homogeneous with respect to the modifiable risk factors.DesignA cross-sectional study using a stratified random sampling method and a nationally representative large-scale survey.Setting and participantsData come from the fourth round of the Indian National Family Health Survey, 2015–2016. Respondents aged 15–49 years who were diagnosed with either diabetes or hypertension or both were included. The total sample is 22 249, out of which 3284 were men and 18 965 were women.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe observed variables used as latent indicators are the following: smoking, alcohol, aerated drinks, overweight or obesity, diabetes and hypertension. The concomitant variables include age, gender, education, marital status and household wealth index. Latent class model was used to simultaneously identify the latent class and to determine the association between the concomitant variables and the latent classes.ResultsThree latent classes were identified and labelled as class 1: ‘diabetic with low-risk lifestyle’ (21%), class 2: ‘high-risk lifestyle’ (8%) and class 3: ‘hypertensive with low-risk lifestyle’ (71%). Class 1 is characterised by those with a high probability of having diabetes and low probability of smoking and drinking alcohol. Class 2 is characterised by a high probability of smoking and drinking alcohol and class 3 by a high probability of having high blood pressure and low probability of smoking and drinking alcohol.ConclusionsCo-occurrence of smoking and alcohol consumption was prevalent in men, while excess body weight and high blood pressure were prevalent in women. Policy and programmes in Northeastern India should focus on targeting multiple modifiable risk behaviours that co-occur within an individual.
Effect of in utero exposure to SARS-CoV-2 infection on pregnancy outcomes and growth and development of infants: protocol for a multicentre ambispective cohort study in India
Authors: Banerjee Rupsa , Neogi Sutapa B , Grover Ashoo , G S Preetha , Agrawal Usha 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionPoor pregnancy and neonatal outcomes in infants born to COVID-19 positive mothers have been reported, but there is insufficient evidence regarding subsequent growth and development of these children. Our study aims to explore the effect of in-utero exposure to SARS-CoV-2 on pregnancy outcomes and growth and development of infants.Methods and analysisA multicentric ambispective cohort study with comparison group (1:1) will be conducted at six sites. A total of 2400 participants (exposure cohort, n=1200; comparison cohort, n=1200), ie, 400 participants from each site (200 retrospectively; 200 prospectively) will be included. Exposure cohort will be infants born to women with documented COVID-19 infection anytime during pregnancy and comparison cohort will be infants born to women who did not test positive for SARS-CoV-2 anytime during pregnancy. All infants will be followed up till 1 year of age. Anthropometric measurement, age of attainment of developmental milestones and clinical examination findings will be recorded at each follow-up. Data regarding possible cofactors affecting the outcomes will be collected from both groups and adjusted for during analysis. The two groups will be compared for prevalence of every variable considered in the study. Relative risk, attributable and population attributable risks will be calculated. All risk factors with p<0.1 on bivariate analysis will be subjected to multiple logistic regression analysis. A final multivariable model will be developed by including the statistically significant risk factors.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the Institutional Review Board of IIHMR Delhi (IRB/2021-2022/006) and will be required to be approved at all participating study sites. The study is scheduled from September 2021 to August 2023. Data from retrospective cohort will be reported by August 2022. All participants will provide written informed consent. We plan to publish our results in a peer-reviewed journal and present findings at academic conferences.