bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of spin in abstracts of Endodontic Systematic Reviews with meta‐analyses published between 2010 and 2022. Are we in need of more transparent interpretation of findings?
Authors: Giannakoulas Dimitrios G. , Koletsi Despina , Tzanetakis Giorgos N. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimSpin refers to reporting, interpretation and extrapolation‐related distortion or manipulation of the findings of a study. The aim of this report was to identify the prevalence and extent of spin in the abstracts of systematic reviews (SRs) including meta‐analyses in the scientific field of endodontics.MethodologyA sensitive and inclusive search strategy in PubMed was developed to identify eligible SRs with meta‐analyses in endodontics, supplemented by an electronic search within 3 major specialty journals, from January 1, 2010, to April 16, 2022. Inclusion and extent of spin were recorded, per domain and following issues related to misleading reporting, interpretation and inappropriate extrapolation of meta‐analyses' findings. Association of spin with publication characteristics such as year, journal type, number of authors, continent of authorship, funding, primary study design and significance of the outcome was explored.ResultsA total of 186 SRs with meta‐analyses were retrieved, and inclusion of spin was detected in 125 abstracts (67.2%), for one or more domains. Most abstracts were affected by more than one type of spin (91/125; 72.8%). There was evidence that abstracts of meta‐analyses of non‐significant findings had 60% lower odds for inclusion of spin (odds ratio, OR: 0.40; 95% CI: 0.19, 0.83; p = .04), after adjusting for year, journal type and number of authors.ConclusionsMisleading reporting and misinterpretation of findings in abstracts of meta‐analyses are evident in endodontic research. Efforts should be reinforced to increase awareness within the scientific and academic community to improve adherence to transparent reporting and interpretation.
It's ok to think in a bad way: How state optimism and pessimism influence risk‐taking
Authors: Ho Cony M. , Wyer Robert S. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGovernment and public policy makers are facing an important issue on how to balance between economics and consumers' well‐being. Thus, the current research proposes an important factor to help understand more on consumers risk‐taking in investment. Trait optimists typically expect bright outcomes, whereas trait pessimists usually expect gloomy ones. However, the present research qualifies these generalizations. This current research proposes that optimism and pessimism can also be temporarily changed and cause different impact comparing to trait optimism and pessimism. Four studies showed that state optimists and pessimists differ in their expectations of success in a situation in which outcomes are purely a matter of chance or skills. Specifically, state optimists invest more in risky options when they believe that the investments are chance‐based, whereas state pessimists invest more when they believe the investments are skill‐based. These effects were due to their beliefs that the outcome is due to chance or skills. Additionally, we found that the effect will be moderated by individuals' locus of control.
The effects of the pandemic on gig economy couriers in Argentina and Chile: Precarity, algorithmic control and mobilization
Authors: GUTIÉRREZ CROCCO Francisca , ATZENI Maurizio 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis article analyses the effects of the pandemic on the work process at two digital delivery platforms operating in Argentina and Chile: Rappi and PedidosYa. Using semi‐structured interviews and an analysis of the press and websites, it looks at how the platforms have shifted the costs of the crisis to workers by leveraging the independent contractor status and tightening control. In response, the couriers have mounted various types of resistance, ranging from renting out or loaning accounts to organizing international strikes.
Scoping review: Alternatives to self‐harm recommended on mental health self‐help websites
Authors: Fenton Clare , Kingsley Ellen 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLess than half of all young people with mental health difficulties will seek professional treatment. Due to the private nature of self‐harm it is estimated that only 1:28 young males and 1:18 young females who self‐harm ever present to hospital. Self‐help supports improved coping strategies and life changes without reliance on a clinical intervention which could be used to reduce self‐harming behaviours. The study objective is to review self‐help alternatives to self‐harm on mental health websites that can be accessed by young people. Google, Bing, and Yahoo search engines were used to search for appropriate websites. Eighty‐two unique websites on mental health were identified, of which 55 met the inclusion criteria. A total of 1177 self‐help suggestions were found for those struggling with self‐harm urges. The average number of suggestions per site was 42 (Range 3–252). The main techniques suggested were: seeking social contact/help, physical activity, displacement/mimicking techniques, relaxing/comforting techniques, sensory techniques, fun/diverting techniques, aggressive techniques, creative/reflective techniques. This review found not all strategies were suitable for young people and that the large number of possible strategies could be challenging for a young person to navigate. However, mental health self‐help websites were generally of high quality and gave a range of potentially helpful strategies. The categories created from this review could be used as a guide to consider with the young person when making an individualized self‐help plan to manage self‐harm urges. Further research is required to assess if and how these techniques could be used individually or in combination to reduce self‐harm.
Monitoring and modifying recruitment and retention strategies for an ongoing randomised clinical trial with venous leg ulcer patients: Overcoming barriers to participation
Authors: McDaniel Jodi Christine , Rausch Jamie Ann , McGowan Dina Rose 
Published: September 2022

AbstractVenous leg ulcers (VLUs) are open skin lesions of the lower legs arising in areas affected by venous hypertension that are associated with substantial morbidity. Clinical trials testing innovative approaches to improve healing outcomes are critically needed because standard therapies are often ineffective. However, patients with VLUs frequently have multiple physical, emotional and socioeconomic challenges that can negatively impact their decision to enrol in a clinical trial. To benefit clinical researchers and ultimately the community of patients with chronic wounds, this paper describes the monitoring and modification of recruitment strategies in an ongoing clinical trial testing effects of omega‐3 fatty acid oral supplementation on VLU healing in ageing adults (n = 208). Multiple modifications over time in this study have targeted participation barriers identified through data monitoring and include expanding inclusion criteria, adding recruitment sites, enhancing communication methods, and meeting patients' transportation needs. Recruitment activities from January 2019 to June 2022 have resulted in 57 participants (mean age: 63.7 years). Overall, the recruitment rate is 42.5% of patients contacted during face‐to‐face visits. Overcoming barriers to participation is key to helping patients with VLUs interested in research enrol in clinical trials aiming to improve healing outcomes in this vulnerable population.
A novel mutation in human EMD gene and mitochondrial dysfunction in emerin knockdown cardiomyocytes
Authors: Du Zunhui , Zhu Tinfang , Lin Menglu , Bao Yangyang , Qiao Jing , Lv Gang , Xie Yinyin , Li Qihen , Quan Jinwei , Xu Cathy , Xie Yuan , Wang Lingjie , Yang Wenjie , Wang Shengyue , Wu Liqun , Yin Tong , Xie Yucai 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEmerin is an inner nuclear envelope protein encoded by the EMD gene, mutations in which cause Emery–Dreifuss muscular dystrophy type 1 (EDMD1). Cardiac involvement has become a major threat to patients with EDMD1; however, the cardiovascular phenotype spectrums of emerinopathy and the mechanisms by which emerin regulates cardiac pathophysiology remain unclear. Here, we identified a novel nonsense mutation (c.C57G, p.Y19X) in the EMD gene in a Han Chinese family through high‐throughput sequencing. Two family members were found to have EDMD1 with muscle weakness and cardiac arrhythmia. Mechanistically, we first discovered that knockdown of emerin in HL‐1 or H9C2 cardiomyocytes lead to impaired mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation capacity with downregulation of electron transport chain complex I and IV and upregulation of complex III and V. Moreover, loss of emerin in HL‐1 cells resulted in collapsed mitochondrial membrane potential, altered mitochondrial networks and downregulated multiple factors in RNA and protein level, such as PGC1α, DRP1, MFF, MFN2, which are involved in regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis, fission and fusion. Our findings suggest that targeting mitochondrial bioenergetics might be an effective strategy against cardiac disorders caused by EMD mutations.
Novel prospects for scarless wound healing: The roles of myofibroblasts and adipocytes
Authors: Teng Ying‐Ying , Zou Ming‐Li , Zhou Xiao‐Jin , Wu Jun‐Jie , Liu Si‐Yu , Yuan Zheng‐Dong , Jia Yuan , Zhang Kai‐Wen , Li Xia , Ye Jun‐Xing , Yuan Feng‐Lai 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDisturbances or defects in the process of wound repair can disrupt the delicate balance of cells and molecules necessary for complete wound healing, thus leading to chronic wounds or fibrotic scars. Myofibroblasts are one of the most important cells involved in fibrotic scars, and reprogramming provides a potential avenue to increase myofibroblast clearance. Although myofibroblasts have long been recognized as terminally differentiated cells, recent studies have shown that myofibroblasts have the capacity to be reprogrammed into adipocytes. This review intends to summarize the potential of reprogramming myofibroblasts into adipocytes. We will discuss myofibroblast lineage tracing, as well as the known mechanisms underlying adipocyte regeneration from myofibroblasts. In addition, we investigated different changes in myofibroblast gene expression, transcriptional regulators, signalling pathways and epigenetic regulators during skin wound healing. In the future, myofibroblast reprogramming in wound healing will be better understood and appreciated, which may provide new ideas for the treatment of scarless wound healing.
Isothermal compression of an eclogite from the Western Gneiss Region (Norway)
Authors: Simon Martin , Pitra Pavel , Yamato Philippe , Poujol Marc 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn the Western Gneiss Region in Norway, mafic eclogites form lenses within granitoid orthogneiss and contain the best record of the pressure and temperature evolution of this ultrahigh‐pressure (UHP) terrane. Their exhumation from the UHP conditions has been extensively studied, but their prograde evolution has been rarely quantified although it represents a key constraint for the tectonic history of this area. This study focused on a well‐preserved phengite‐bearing eclogite sample from the Nordfjord region. The sample was investigated using phase‐equilibrium modelling, trace‐element analyses of garnet, trace‐ and major‐element thermobarometry and quartz‐in‐garnet barometry by Raman spectroscopy. Inclusions in garnet core point to crystallization conditions in the amphibolite facies at 510–600°C and 11–16 kbar, whereas chemical zoning in garnet suggests growth during isothermal compression up to the peak pressure of 28 kbar at 600°C, followed by near‐isobaric heating to 660–680°C. Near‐isothermal decompression to 10–14 kbar is recorded in fine‐grained clinopyroxene–amphibole–plagioclase symplectites. The absence of a temperature increase during compression seems incompatible with the classic view of crystallization along a geothermal gradient in a subduction zone and may question the tectonic significance of eclogite facies metamorphism. Two end‐member tectonic scenarios are proposed to explain such an isothermal compression: Either (1) the mafic rocks were originally at depth within the lower crust and were consecutively buried along the isothermal portion of the subducting slab or (2) the mafic rocks recorded up to 14 kbar of tectonic overpressure at constant depth and temperature during the collisional stage of the orogeny.
Designing chromatic optical retarder stacks for segmented next‐generation easySTED phase plates
Authors: Engelhardt Johann , Ellerhoff Beatrice , Gürth Clara‐Marie , Sahl Steffen J. , Hell Stefan W. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFluorescence nanoscopy methods based on the RESOLFT principle, such as beam‐scanning STED nanoscopy, require the co‐alignment of optical beams for molecular state (on/off) switching and fluorescence excitation. The complexity and stability of the beam alignment can be drastically simplified and improved by using a single‐mode fibre as the sole light source for all required laser beams. This in turn then requires a chromatic optical element for shaping the off‐switching beam into a focal‐plane donut while simultaneously leaving the focal intensity distributions at other wavelengths shaped as regular focal spots. Here we describe novel designs of such so‐called ‘easySTED phase plates’ and provide a rationale how to find the desired spectral signature for combinations of multiple wavelengths.
Sensory evaluation in the personal care space: A review
Authors: Deubler Grace , Zhang Congcong , Talavera Martin J. , Swaney‐Stueve Marianne 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPersonal care encompasses a diverse set of product categories including primarily skincare, makeup, and haircare, among others. With such varied use occasions and application styles, researchers require less traditional sensory and consumer research methods for product evaluation including a combination of interviews, focus groups, descriptive analysis, consumer research, and instrumental testing. More novel methods, such as emotion and online review research, provide sensory scientists with new avenues for describing, categorizing, and optimizing personal care products as well. Moreover, a trend of synthesizing results from multiple sources to produce more comprehensive learnings has been found to be highly valuable to researchers. This review discusses current sensory and consumer evaluation methods relevant to the personal care space and considers future opportunities for development and innovation.Practical ApplicationThis review synthesizes the available literature on sensory evaluation in the personal care space. It aims to summarize and present the main methods used in these product categories and identify the gaps in knowledge. This work provides a foundation for future personal care research to build on.
Melatonin promotes the proliferation of primordial germ cell‐like cells derived from porcine skin‐derived stem cells: A mechanistic analysis
Authors: Liu Wen‐Xiang , Tan Shao‐Jing , Wang Yu‐Feng , Zhang Fa‐Li , Feng Yu‐Qing , Ge Wei , Dyce Paul W. , Reiter Russel J. , Shen Wei , Cheng Shun‐Feng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn vitro differentiation of stem cells into functional gametes remains of great interest in the biomedical field. Skin‐derived stem cells (SDSCs) are an adult stem cells that provides a wide range of clinical applications without inherent ethical restrictions. In this paper, porcine SDSCs were successfully differentiated into primordial germ cell‐like cells (PGCLCs) in conditioned media. The PGCLCs were characterized in terms of cell morphology, marker gene expression, and epigenetic properties. Furthermore, we also found that 25 μM melatonin (MLT) significantly increased the proliferation of the SDSC‐derived PGCLCs while acting through the MLT receptor type 1 (MT1). RNA‐seq results found the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway was more active when PGCLCs were cultured with MLT. Moreover, the effect of MLT was attenuated by the use of S26131 (MT1 antagonist), crenolanib (platelet‐derived growth factor receptor inhibitor), U0126 (mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase inhibitor), or CCG‐1423 (serum response factor transcription inhibitor), suggesting that MLT promotes the proliferation processes through the MAPK pathway. Taken together, this study highlights the role of MLT in promoting PGCLCs proliferation. Importantly, this study provides a suitable in vitro model for use in translational studies and could help to answer numerous remaining questions related to germ cell physiology.
Influence and implications of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system in obstructive sleep apnea: An updated systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Loh Huai Heng , Lim Quan Hziung , Chai Chee Shee , Goh Siew Li , Lim Lee‐Ling , Yee Anne , Sukor Norlela 
Published: September 2022

SummaryObstructive sleep apnea is a chronic, sleep‐related breathing disorder, which is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system regulates salt and water homeostasis, blood pressure, and cardiovascular remodelling. Elevated aldosterone levels are associated with excess morbidity and mortality. We aimed to analyse the influence and implications of renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system derangement in individuals with and without obstructive sleep apnea. We pooled data from 20 relevant studies involving 2828 participants (1554 with obstructive sleep apnea, 1274 without obstructive sleep apnea). The study outcomes were the levels of renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system hormones, blood pressure and heart rate. Patients with obstructive sleep apnea had higher levels of plasma renin activity (pooled wmd+ 0.25 [95% confidence interval 0.04–0.46], p = 0.0219), plasma aldosterone (pooled wmd+ 30.79 [95% confidence interval 1.05–60.53], p = 0.0424), angiotensin II (pooled wmd+ 5.19 [95% confidence interval 3.11–7.27], p < 0.001), systolic (pooled wmd+ 5.87 [95% confidence interval 1.42–10.32], p = 0.0098) and diastolic (pooled wmd+ 3.40 [95% confidence interval 0.86–5.94], p = 0.0086) blood pressure, and heart rate (pooled wmd+ 3.83 [95% confidence interval 1.57–6.01], p = 0.0009) compared with those without obstructive sleep apnea. The elevation remained significant (except for renin levels) when studies involving patients with resistant hypertension were removed. Sub‐group analysis demonstrated that levels of angiotensin II were significantly higher only among the Asian population with obstructive sleep apnea compared with those without obstructive sleep apnea. Body mass index accounted for less than 10% of the between‐study variance in elevation of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system parameters. Patients with obstructive sleep apnea have higher levels of renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system hormones, blood pressure and heart rate compared with those without obstructive sleep apnea, which remains significant even among patients without resistant hypertension.
Trust in Religious Leaders and Voluntary Compliance: Lessons from Social Distancing during COVID‐19 in Central Asia
Authors: Jones Pauline , Menon Anil 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWhat is the relationship between trust in religious leaders and compliance with policies that are costly to the individual? Religious leaders often have the moral authority to affect individuals’ willingness to adopt prosocial behaviors. Yet, that influence can be either positive or negative because religious leaders face mixed incentives to encourage compliance and their leadership is often decentralized. We argue that greater trust in religious leaders will increase compliance in countries with a dominant religion and centralized religious authority because religious leaders will offer a coherent message that aligns with state directives. We test our hypotheses using data from surveys fielded in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan during the COVID‐19 pandemic. We find a positive and significant relationship between trust and voluntary compliance only in Kazakhstan, where religious leaders reduced the costs of compliance by enabling adherents to practice their faith while social distancing. We thus identify an alternative mechanism whereby trust promotes compliance.
Acute psychosis post‐COVID‐19 pneumonia
Authors: Abdalla Odai , Oskar Emma , Izadyar Shahram 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCOVID‐19 disease can be associated with several health‐related consequences that are directly or indirectly related to infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). Acute psychiatric illnesses in the setting of COVID‐19 infection are one of the reported consequences. In this case report, we discuss acute onset of psychosis in a young patient that we believe was related to post‐COVID‐19 infection. Some findings in the EEG in this patient, we believe, were related to use of antipsychotic medications and that caused challenges in the diagnosis. It is important to be aware of post‐COVID‐19 psychosis and challenges that may be encountered in the workup.
Cone‐beam computed tomography assessment of maxillary anterior alveolar bone remodelling in extraction and non‐extraction orthodontic cases using stable extra‐alveolar reference
Authors: Yang Chih Yau Michael , Atsawasuwan Phimon , Viana Grace , Tozum Tolga F. , Elshebiny Tarek , Palomo Juan Martin , Sellke Terry , Elnagar Mohammed H. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo explore alveolar cortical positional change in response to tooth movement in extraction and non‐extraction orthodontic cases, using cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) and stable extra‐alveolar references.Materials and MethodsThe pre‐treatment (T1) and post‐treatment (T2) CBCT scans of 25 extraction (EXT) and matched 25 non‐extraction (Non‐EXT) orthodontic cases were imported into Dolphin Imaging 3D, and oriented uniformly. Sagittal and axial CBCT cross‐sections were traced using customized software‐generated guides. The displacement of teeth and alveolar bone cortices were automatically measured using the palatal plane (PP) and the line perpendicular to PP and passing Sella as reference. Intra‐ and inter‐group differences between T1 and T2 were analysed. Subjects were also superimposed three‐dimensionally using Geomagic Control X for qualitative analysis of cortical remodelling.ResultsThe EXT group showed incisor retraction, while the Non‐EXT group exhibited statistically significant incisor anterior tipping (P < .05). In EXT, both the labial and palatal cortices are resorbed. Non‐EXT showed labial cortex anterior modelling, and statistically significant palatal cortex resorption (P < .05). In both groups, statistically significant decrease in total and palatal alveolar widths, increase in labial widths, and palatal dehiscence were observed. Comparatively, EXT showed significantly more incisal total and palatal width decrease and palatal vertical bone loss.ConclusionLabial cortical remodelling was shown to follow anterior tooth movement, but the palatal cortical response to incisor retraction and labial cortical remodelling in general remained inconclusive. Narrowing of the alveolar housing and palatal dehiscence were observed regardless of extraction following orthodontic treatment.