bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal design for a hybrid microgrid-hydrogen storage facility in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alturki Abdulaziz A. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Sustainable development requires access to affordable, reliable, and efficient energy to lift billions of people out of poverty and improve their standard of living. The development of new and renewable forms of energy that emit less CO2 may not materialize quickly enough or at a price point that allows people to attain the standard of living they desire and deserve. As a result, a parallel path to sustainability must be developed that uses both renewable and clean carbon-based methods. Hybrid microgrids are promoted to solve various electrical and energy-related issues that incorporate renewable energy sources such as photovoltaics, wind, diesel generation, or a combination of these sources. Utilizing microgrids in electric power generation has several benefits including clean energy, increased grid stability, and reduced congestion. Despite these advantages, microgrids are not frequently deployed because of economic concerns. To address these financial concerns, it is necessary to explore the ideal configuration of microgrids based on the quantity, quality, and availability of sustainable energy sources used to install the microgrid and the optimal design of microgrid components. These considerations are reflected in net present value and levelized energy cost.

Methods
HOMER was used to simulate numerous system configurations and select the most feasible solution according to the net present value, levelizied cost of energy and hydrogen, operating cost, and renewable fraction. HOMER performed a repeated algorithm process to determine the most feasible system configuration and parameters with the least economic costs and highest benefits to achieve a practically feasible system configuration.

Results
This article aimed to construct a cost-effective microgrid system for Saudi Arabia's Yanbu city using five configurations using excess energy to generate hydrogen. The obtained results indicate that the optimal configuration for the specified area is a hybrid photovoltaic/wind/battery/generator/fuel cell/hydrogen electrolyzer microgrid with a net present value and levelized energy cost of $10.6 billion and $0.15/kWh.

Conclusion
With solar photovoltaic and wind generation costs declining, building electrolyzers in locations with excellent renewable resource conditions, such as Saudi Arabia, could become a low-cost hydrogen supply option, even when accounting for the transmission and distribution costs of transporting hydrogen from renewable resource locations to end-users. The optimum configuration can generate up to 32,132 tons of hydrogen per year (tH2/year), and 380,824 tons per year of CO2 emissions can be avoided.
Effects of magma-generation and migration on the expansion and contraction history of the Moon
Authors: U Kenyo , Hasumi Hiroki , Ogawa Masaki 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGeological and geodetic observations of the Moon from spacecraft revealed that it expanded by a few km for the first several hundred million years and then contracted later. The period when the planet expanded most coincides with that when the mare volcanism of the Moon was active. Given the high initial temperature of the deep mantle inferred from the giant impact and mantle overturn hypotheses of the Moon, the observed early expansion is difficult to account for by thermal expansion only. To understand the observed radial change of the Moon, we numerically calculated the thermal evolution of a one-dimensional spherically symmetric mantle caused by transport of heat, mass, and incompatible heat-producing elements (HPEs) by migration of magma that is generated by internal heating. The mantle is assumed to be enriched in HPEs at its base in the initial condition. The calculated mantle expands for the first several hundred million years by melting of the deep mantle and upward migration of the generated magma to the uppermost mantle; the top of the partially molten region rises to the depth level of around 300 km, which is shallow enough to generate mare basalts of the Moon. The migrating magma, however, extracts HPEs from the deep interior, and the planet then contracts gradually by cooling and solidification of the partially molten mantle. We obtained a thermal history model that is consistent with the observed history of radial change of the Moon when the initial mid-mantle temperature $$T_{{\text{M}}} \approx 1600 \,{\text{K}}$$

T
M

≈
1600

K

and the initial ratio of the concentration of HPEs in the crust to that of the mantle $$F_{{{\text{crst}}}}^{*} \le 12$$

F

crst

∗

≤
12

. This model suggests that melting of the deep mantle and upward migration of the generated magma strongly affect the thermal history of the Moon. The model we developed here is a good starting point for constructing more realistic models of the thermal history of the Moon where the effects of heat and mass transport by mantle convection are also considered.
Graphical Abstract
Identification of marine magnetic anomalies based on the sliding window curve similarity method
Authors: Wang Mingming , Cao Jing , Li Jianlou , Liu Xianghong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Marine magnetic anomalies play an essential role in plate tectonics and geodynamics. The conventional method to identify marine magnetic anomalies is to visually compare synthetic and observed magnetic anomaly profiles, and there is usually no quantitative evaluation for the identification results. Therefore, we developed the sliding window curve similarity (SWCS) method to objectively identify marine magnetic anomalies and quantitatively evaluate the identification results. The synthetic model tests and practical applications show that the SWCS method is feasible and effective in identifying fast-spreading marine magnetic anomalies. The applications of the SWCS method show that the theoretical windows using combined polarity chrons can improve the accuracy of identification.

Graphical Abstract
Seizure classification with selected frequency bands and EEG montages: a Natural Language Processing approach
Authors: Wang Ziwei , Mengoni Paolo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIndividualized treatment is crucial for epileptic patients with different types of seizures. The differences among patients impact the drug choice as well as the surgery procedure. With the advance in machine learning, automatic seizure detection can ease the manual time-consuming and labor-intensive procedure for diagnose seizure in the clinical setting. In this paper, we present an electroencephalography (EEG) frequency bands (sub-bands) and montages selection (sub-zones) method for classifier training that exploits Natural Language Processing from individual patients’ clinical report. The proposed approach is targeting for individualized treatment. We integrated the prior knowledge from patient’s reports into the classifier-building process, mimicking the authentic thinking process of experienced neurologist’s when diagnosing seizure using EEG. The keywords from clinical documents are mapped to the EEG data in terms of frequency bands and scalp EEG electrodes. The data of experiments are from the Temple University Hospital EEG seizure corpus, and the dataset is divided based on each group of patients with same seizure type and same recording electrode references. The classifier includes Random Forest, Support Vector Machine and Multi-Layer Perceptron. The classification performance indicates that competitive results can be achieve with a small portion of EEG the data. Using the sub-zones selection for Generalized Seizures (GNSZ) on all three electrodes, data are reduced by nearly 50% while the performance metrics remain at the same level with the whole frequency and zones. Moreover, when selecting by sub-zones and sub-bands together for GNSZ with Linked Ears reference, the data range reduced to 0.3% of whole range, and the performance deviates less than 3% from the results with whole range of data. Results show that using proposed approach may lead to more efficient implementations of the seizure classifier to be executed on power-efficient devices for long lasting real-time seizures detection.
Machine Learning Approach to Facilitate Knowledge Synthesis at the Intersection of Liver Cancer, Epidemiology, and Health Disparities Research
Authors: Hyams Travis C. , Luo Ling , Hair Brionna , Lee Kyubum , Lu Zhiyong , Seminara Daniela 
Published: May 2022

PURPOSELiver cancer is a global challenge, and disparities exist across multiple domains and throughout the disease continuum. However, liver cancer's global epidemiology and etiology are shifting, and the literature is rapidly evolving, presenting a challenge to the synthesis of knowledge needed to identify areas of research needs and to develop research agendas focusing on disparities. Machine learning (ML) techniques can be used to semiautomate the literature review process and improve efficiency. In this study, we detail our approach and provide practical benchmarks for the development of a ML approach to classify literature and extract data at the intersection of three fields: liver cancer, health disparities, and epidemiology.METHODSWe performed a six-phase process including: training (I), validating (II), confirming (III), and performing error analysis (IV) for a ML classifier. We then developed an extraction model (V) and applied it (VI) to the liver cancer literature identified through PubMed. We present precision, recall, F1, and accuracy metrics for the classifier and extraction models as appropriate for each phase of the process. We also provide the results for the application of our extraction model.RESULTSWith limited training data, we achieved a high degree of accuracy for both our classifier and for the extraction model for liver cancer disparities research literature performed using epidemiologic methods. The disparities concept was the most challenging to accurately classify, and concepts that appeared infrequently in our data set were the most difficult to extract.CONCLUSIONWe provide a roadmap for using ML to classify and extract comprehensive information on multidisciplinary literature. Our technique can be adapted and modified for other cancers or diseases where disparities persist.
Where Are We Dying? Ethnic Differences in Place of Death Among New Zealanders Dying of Cancer
Authors: Gurney Jason Kevin , Stanley James , Koea Jonathan , Adler Jonathan , Atkinson June , Sarfati Diana 
Published: May 2022

PURPOSE Around a third of people with cancer will die outside of their preferred place of death, with substantial variation occurring between and within countries in terms of place of death. Here, we examine place of death within the New Zealand cancer context, with specific focus on differences between Indigenous Māori and other ethnic groups. METHODS Using national-level data, we identified all those who died in New Zealand between 2007 and 2018 of cancer (N = 107,373), stratified by ethnicity and cancer type, and linked these patients to national health and mortality records. We then described the crude and age-standardized proportions of cancer deaths by location separately by ethnic group, and conducted logistic regression to compare odds of death within a given location between ethnic groups. RESULTS After adjusting for age, sex, and deprivation, we found that Māori people with cancer are more likely to die in a private residence than Europeans (46% v 26%; odds ratio [OR] 2.45; 95% CI, 2.36 to 2.55), and also somewhat more likely to die in hospital (27% v 23%; OR 1.26; 95% CI, 1.21 to 1.32). Commensurately, Māori are less likely to die in either hospice inpatient unit (14% v 27%; OR 0.48; 95% CI, 0.45 to 0.51) or residential care (12% v 30%; OR 0.56; 95% CI, 0.52 to 0.59). Pacific patients generally follow the same pattern as Māori patients. These findings were largely repeated across cancer types, with some variation in the magnitude not overall pattern. CONCLUSION It remains unclear whether these differences reflect differences in preferences for place of death between ethnic groups, or whether they reflect differences in access to appropriate supportive care. Further research is required to examine these differences in greater detail.
Plasma cell myeloma – therapeutic opportunities
Authors: Orzechowska Aleksandra , Widłak Karolina , Pawłowski Piotr , Ziętara Karolina , Orzechowska Julia 
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Plasmocytic myeloma (PCM) is a neoplastic disease with a multistage course. Monoclonal plasmocytes undergo uncontrolled, multifocal growth in the bone marrow, which results in the production of monoclonal immunoglobulin or its fragments that damage the bone marrow.
Aim: The aim of this study is to present selected therapeutic possibilities of multiple myeloma.
Materials and methods: The work uses the method of non-systematic review and analysis of the available scientific literature. Databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Arianta, Scopus, Web of Science were searched. The years 2005-2022 were assumed as the review period.
Discussion: Multiple myeloma accounts for 1-2% of all cancer cases, and 10-15% of all hematological cancers. It is the third most common lymphoid neoplasm after chronic lymphocytic leukemia and large B-cell lymphoma. The diagnosis of PCM requires the presence of a minimum of 10% clonal plasmocytes in the bone marrow or biopsy confirmed plasmocytoma. Moreover, the CRAB and SLiM CRAB criteria are also important. Treatment should be initiated in all symptomatic patients meeting the SLiM CRAB criteria. The first stage of treatment is to induce remission of the disease.
Conclusions: Thanks to the progress of medicine, an increasing percentage of patients achieve permanent remissions. The success of the therapy is a component of the earliest possible detection of the disease and the use of appropriate, individually selected drugs.
Hypertension and the kidneys
Authors: De Bhailis Áine M , Kalra Philip A 
Published: May 2022

Hypertension is a leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality globally. Hypertension and chronic kidney disease are closely intertwined conditions as hypertension can lead to deteriorating renal function and progressive chronic kidney disease can contribute to worsening hypertension. In the setting of chronic kidney disease, the pathophysiology of hypertension is complex and involves the interplay of many factors including a reduced number of functioning nephrons, sodium retention and volume expansion, upregulation of the sympathetic nervous system, hormonal factors such as upregulation of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system, and endothelial dysfunction. Poorly controlled hypertension can accelerate the progression to end-stage kidney disease. This review discusses the pathophysiological mechanisms that contribute to hypertension, including sympathetic nervous system activity, the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system and the role of sodium. In the setting of chronic kidney disease, the relationship with hypertension and renovascular disease as a potential cause and target for therapeutic intervention is briefly reviewed. Finally, treatment options, targets and the long-term cardiovascular benefits of optimal blood pressure control are discussed.
Dairy cattle lameness: a roundtable discussion
Authors: Bell Nick , Bacon David , Craven Emily , Crowe Steve , Newsome Reuben , Oikonomou Georgios , Pedersen Sara , Reader Jon , Wilson James 
Published: May 2022

Foreword Lameness in dairy cattle is a high prevalence condition with significant negative impact on the welfare and economics of the dairy herd. Most lameness is attributable to four main conditions: sole bruising (also referred to as sole haemorrhage), sole ulcer, white line disease and digital dermatitis. Understanding of the pathogenesis of major claw horn diseases has undergone a transformation in the last 20 years, with a shift from a primary nutritional aetiology to a biomechanical one. This has led to significant research into factors relating to claw biomechanics and interventions targeting the inflammatory process. Even for infectious conditions, the benefit of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to cow welfare and recovery cannot be underrated. In this roundtable discussion, the panel explore the clinical relevance of the findings of research exploring biomechanics and managing inflammation.
Improving the influence of evidence in policy creation: an ethnographic study of the research-to-policy collaborative
Authors: Guillot-Wright Shannon , Oliver Kathryn 
Published: May 2022

Background:Despite the known need for empirical research-to-policy studies, little is known about the factors and conditions needed to support meaningful evidence use or how to intervene to promote quality evidence use.
Aims and objectives:To study research-policy processes empirically and descriptively, we conducted an ethnography that focused on the impact of the Research-to-Policy Collaboration (RPC) on legislator and researcher evidence use or policy engagement, including whether and how researchers and policymakers created and sustained meaningful relationships.
Methods:The ethnography included participant observation as well as pre- and post- semi-structured interviews from policymakers (n=17), researchers (n=23), and RPC staff (n=5). The team attended relevant events as well as observed the formal and informal ways research is used in policymaking.
Findings:In the paper, we describe how 1) legislative priorities were identified; 2) networks were established and maintained; 3) trainings evolved over time; 4) relationships between RPC staff, congressional staff, and researchers were facilitated; and 5) RPC followed up with policymakers and researchers.
Discussion and conclusions:We 1) describe the experiences of participants and whether involvement in the intervention changed attitudes or behaviours about evidence use in policy; 2) describe the RPC process in practice, and how it was implemented and evolved over time; and 3) better understand the conditions supporting evidence use in policymaking. We conclude with the value of the RPC as a resource to fill a niche within the evidence and policy space, as well as suggestions for future research-to-policy programmes and practices.
ecografía de tiroides realizada por profesionales no radiólogos
Authors: Alonso-Torres Ana , Monte-González Juan Carlos , Castaño-Saiz Alba María , Aragonés-García María , Familiar-Carrasco Verónica , Baudraxler Franziska 
Published: May 2022

Introducción: En los últimos años ha crecido el interés de especialistas no radiólogos por la ecografía de tiroides. Desde nuestro punto de vista como especialistas en imagen, en este artículo repasaremos los puntos de partida que estos especialistas deben de tener en cuenta antes de enfrentarse a la tarea de integrar la ecografía en su práctica diaria. Material y método: Hemos realizado una búsqueda bibliográfica en la base de datos Pubmed. Nos hemos basado asimismo en documentación disponible en la Web de sociedades de imagen médica como la Sociedad Española de Ultrasonografía (SEUS) y el American College of Radiology (ACR). Discusión: Tratamos varios puntos esenciales. En primer lugar, describimos como ha de ser el proceso ecográfico en sentido amplio. Después, abordamos aspectos técnicos básicos que es imprescindible conocer. Finalmente, nos centramos en la interpretación de las imágenes, para lo cual, explicamos el estudio sistemático de la glándula y abordamos brevemente la patología tiroidea más frecuente, el nódulo tiroideo bajo la perspectiva del sistema TIRADS y la enfermedad tiroidea difusa. Conclusión: La ecografía es actualmente una técnica accesible para muchas especialidades. Entre ellos el otorrinolaringólogo puede beneficiarse en su práctica diaria. Es importante, sin embargo, contar con programas de formación y ser rigurosos al realizarla, con correcto archivo de las imágenes y realización de informes. En la valoración del nódulo tiroideo, el sistema ACR-TIRADS es útil para sistematizar su manejo. La ecografía es también útil en la detección de enfermedad tiroidea difusa.
Phytochemical profiling, antibacterial and antioxidant properties of Crocus sativus flower: A comparison between tepals and stigmas
Authors: Bellachioma Luisa , Marini Emanuela , Magi Gloria , Pugnaloni Armanda , Facinelli Bruna , Rocchetti Gabriele , Martinelli Erika , Lucini Luigi , Morresi Camilla , Bacchetti Tiziana , Ferretti Gianna 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated that stigmas of Crocus sativus contain several bioactive compounds with potential health-promoting properties. However, during the processing of stigmas, large amounts of floral bio-residues are normally discarded as by-products. In this study, using untargeted metabolomics, the comprehensive phytochemical composition of C. sativus stigma and tepals was investigated. Moreover, the antibacterial and anti-biofilm properties of the extracts of C. sativus stigmas and tepals were compared. The study was carried out using two methicillin-resistant staphylococcal reference strains (i.e., Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300 and Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 35984), representing important Gram-positive biofilm-forming human pathogens. The antibacterial properties were correlated with total polyphenol content, total terpenoid content, and in vitro antioxidant properties of tepals and stigmas. The results demonstrated that stigma and tepal extracts, at the sub-toxic concentrations, were able to interfere with biofilm formation by ATCC 43300 and ATCC 35984. Besides, the higher antibacterial activity of tepals than stigmas was associated with higher levels of phycompounds. Therefore, our results demonstrated that C. sativus stigmas and bio-residues, such as tepals, are potential antioxidant sources and good candidates as antibacterial agents to prevent biofilm formation. Taken together, these findings showed that C. sativus could be used as functional ingredient by the food and pharmaceutical industries.
Identifying predictors for source culture positivity in children with acute musculoskeletal infections
Authors: MacBrayne Christine E. , DeVine Mackenzie N. , Pearce Kelly , Donaldson Nathan , Parker Sarah K. , Searns Justin B. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Identifying the causative bacterial pathogen for children with acute hematogenous musculoskeletal infections (MSKIs) allows for improved care. The purpose of our study was to determine if clinical markers could predict which patients will have a causative pathogen found on source culture alone, thus being highest yield to undergo operative diagnostic procedures.

Methods
A single-center, retrospective cohort study was performed. Medical records for patients between 6 months and 18 years of age admitted between July 2014 and September 2018 with a discharge diagnosis of acute osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, or pyomyositis were reviewed. Patients were stratified based on results of blood and source cultures. Predictors of interest were screened on a univariable basis with significant predictors retained in a multivariate analysis.

Results
There were 170 patients included. No predictors were significantly associated with increased odds of having a causative pathogen found on source culture alone. Degree of C-reactive protein elevation and history of fever were associated with decreased odds of being source culture positive, OR (95% CI); 0.92 (0.87, 0.98) and 0.39 (0.19, 0.81), respectively.

Conclusions
Predictive modeling failed to identify children with MSKIs whose causative pathogen was found by source culture alone. It is difficult to predict which MSKI patients will be highest yield for operative diagnostic procedures.