bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ti-Rich Tholeiitic Picrites from the Prinsen af Wales Bjerge, East Greenland, and Evidence for a Pyroxene-Rich Mantle Source at Breakup in the North Atlantic
Authors: Hansen Henriette , Nielsen Troels F D 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHighly magnesian, olivine-phyric tholeiitic basaltic and picritic lavas with &gt;5 wt% TiO2 from the Prinsen af Wales Bjerge (PAWB) region are chemically distinct from all other Paleogene East Greenland flood basalts and from basalts in the North Atlantic Igneous Province. The ~100-m-thick lava succession rests on the 61 Ma Urbjerget Formation, is intercalated with volcaniclastic sediments, and has 57 Ma 40Ar/39Ar stepwise degassing ages. It is part of the Milne Land Formation, the first of the major flood basalt formations in East Greenland, and the result of plume impingement of the Kangerlussuaq area in East Greenland during the initial stages of continental breakup. The Ti-rich picrites have relatively primitive compositions and contain Mn- and Ni-rich olivine up to Fo88. Intermediate to high 87Sr/86Sri (0.7034–0.7044) and low Pb isotopic compositions reflect 4–11% crustal contamination, whereas the initial εNd (+4 − +5) and 187Os/188Os ratios (0.121–0.129) overlap with recent Icelandic basalts and appear little affected by contamination processes. The mantle source of the Ti-rich picrites contained garnet and was pyroxene-rich and similar to that of later low-Si alkaline basalts. The Ti-rich picrites of the PAWB, similar to other Ti-rich melts of the Kangerlussuaq region, represent analogies of MgO-rich and variably TiO2-enriched melts from pyroxene rich sources of traditionally accepted mantle plumes like Hawaii.
High genetic stability of co-circulating human adenovirus type 31 lineages over 59 years
Authors: Götting Jasper , Baier Claas , Panagiota Victoria , Maecker-Kolhoff Britta , Dhingra Akshay , Heim Albert 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Type 31 of human adenovirus species A (HAdV-A31) is a significant pathogen primarily associated with diarrhoea in children but also with life-threatening disseminated disease in allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients. Nosocomial outbreaks of HAdV-A31 have been frequently described. However, the evolution of HAdV-A31 has not been studied in detail. The evolution of other HAdV types is driven either by intertypic recombination, where different types exchange genome regions, or by immune escape selection of neutralisation determinants. Complete genomic HAdV-A31 sequences from sixty diagnostic specimens of the past 18 years (2003–21) were generated, including fourteen specimens of a presumed outbreak on two HSCT wards. Additionally, twenty-three complete genomes from GenBank were added to our phylogenetic analysis as well as in silico generated and previously published restriction fragment polymorphism (RFLP) data. Phylogenetic analysis of eighty-three genomes indicated that HAdV-A31 evolved slowly with six lineages co-circulating. The two major lineages were lineage 1, which included the prototype from 1962 and nine recent isolates, and lineage 2, which split into four sublineages and included most isolates from 2003 to 2021. The average nucleotide identity within lineages was high (99.8 per cent) and identity between lineages was 98.7 and 99.2 per cent. RFLP data allowed the construction of a lower-resolution phylogeny with two additional putative lineages. Surprisingly, regions of higher diversity separating lineages were found in gene regions coding for non-structural and minor capsid proteins. Intertypic recombinations were not observed, but the phylogeny of lineage 3 was compatible with an interlineage recombination event in the fibre gene. Applying the phylogenetic analysis to the presumed nosocomial outbreak excluded two suspected transmission events and separated it into two different, simultaneous outbreaks caused by different sublineages of lineage 2. However, due to the high nucleotide identity within HAdV-A31 lineages, the proof of infection chains remains debatable. This in-depth study on the molecular phylogeny of HAdV-A31 highlights the high genetic stability of co-circulating HAdV-A31 lineages over almost six decades. It also supports the epidemiological hypothesis that HAdV-A31 circulates as an etiological agent of a childhood disease infecting immunologically naive patients without strong positive selection of immune escape variants and recombinants.
Containment Bag Use Among Women Who Undergo Hysterectomy With Laparoscopic Power Morcellation
Authors: Wright Jason D. , Chen Ling , Melamed Alexander , Clair Caryn M. St. , Hou June Y. , Khoury-Collado Fady , Gockley Allison , Accordino Melissa , Hershman Dawn L. , Xu Xiao 
Published: August 2022

OBJECTIVE:
To estimate trends in use of laparoscopic power morcellators in women undergoing minimally invasive hysterectomy and to examine use of containment systems in these patients in relation to safety guidance from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

METHODS:
We examined data that were recorded in the Premier Healthcare Database from patients who underwent laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy from 2010 to 2018. Patients were stratified based on use of laparoscopic power morcellators. The cohort was further stratified as either pre–FDA guidance (2010 quarter 1–2014 quarter 1) or post–FDA guidance (2014 quarter 2–2018 quarter 2). Interrupted time series analyses were performed to determine the effect of FDA guidance on the use of laparoscopic power morcellators and containment bags.

RESULTS:
Among 67,115 patients, laparoscopic power morcellator use decreased from 66.7% in 2013 quarter 4 to 13.3% by 2018 quarter 2. The likelihood of laparoscopic power morcellator use decreased by 9.5% for each quarter elapsed in the post–FDA warning period (risk ratio [RR] 0.91, 95% CI 0.90–0.91). Containment bag use rose from 5.2% in 2013 quarter 4 to 15.2% by 2018 quarter 2. The likelihood of containment bag use increased by 3% for each quarter elapsed in the post–FDA warning period (RR 1.03, 95% CI 1.02–1.05). Among women who had laparoscopic power morcellator use, uterine cancers or sarcomas were identified in 54 (0.17%) before the FDA guidance compared with seven (0.12%) after the guidance (P=.45). Containment bags were used in 11.1% of women with uterine cancers or sarcomas before the FDA guidance compared with 14.3% after the guidance (P=.12). The perioperative complication rate was 3.3% among women who had laparoscopic power morcellator use without a containment bag compared with 4.5% (P=.001) in those with a containment bag (aRR 1.35, 95% CI 1.12–1.64).

CONCLUSION:
Use of laparoscopic power morcellators has decreased over time. Containment bag use increased after the FDA's 2014 guidance; however, most procedures employing laparoscopic power morcellators are still performed without a containment bag.
Risk Factors for Intrauterine Tamponade Failure in Postpartum Hemorrhage
Authors: Gibier Mathilde , Pauly Vanessa , Orleans Véronica , Fabre Cyprien , Boyer Laurent , Blanc Julie 
Published: August 2022

OBJECTIVE:
To identify factors associated with intrauterine tamponade failure after vaginal or cesarean delivery.

METHODS:
This was a nationwide population-based cohort study that used data from the French Programme de Médicalisation des Systèmes d'Information. This study compared the failure and effectiveness of intrauterine tamponade among all women who received the procedure in France from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2019. Failure was defined as the use of a second-line method (uterine artery embolization, conservative or radical surgery, or death) within 7 days of intrauterine tamponade. Factors associated with intrauterine tamponade failure were identified by univariate analyses and tested using multivariate generalized logistic regression models (with a random intercept on institution) to obtain adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and 95% CI statistics.

RESULTS:
A total of 39,193 patients presented with postpartum hemorrhage in 474 French maternity wards. Of these patients, 1,761 (4.5%) received intrauterine tamponade for persistent bleeding. The effectiveness rate of intrauterine tamponade was 88.9%. For 195 women (11.1%), a second-line method was indicated. Patients for whom intrauterine tamponade failed had a higher maternal age, a lower mean gestational age, and more frequent instances of placental abnormalities, preeclampsia, cesarean birth, and uterine rupture. The multivariate analysis revealed that cesarean birth (aOR 4.2; 95% CI 2.9–6.0), preeclampsia (aOR 2.3; 95% CI 1.3–4.0), and uterine rupture (aOR 14.1; 95% CI 2.4–83.0) were independently associated with intrauterine tamponade failure.

CONCLUSION:
Cesarean delivery, preeclampsia, and uterine rupture are associated with intrauterine tamponade failure in the management of postpartum hemorrhage.
Epidemiology and Fracture Patterns of Traumatic Phalangeal Fractures
Authors: Moura Steven P. , Meulendijks Mara Z. , Veeramani Anamika , Szapary Hannah , Gomez-Eslava Barbara , Hoftiezer Yannick A. J. , Chen Neal C. , Eberlin Kyle R. 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Despite the relatively high incidence of phalangeal fractures, there is an imperfect understanding of the epidemiology and anatomical distribution of these fractures. This study describes the patient characteristics, anatomic distribution, and detailed fracture patterns of phalangeal fractures among a large adult cohort in the United States.

Methods:
A retrospective study was performed among patients with phalangeal fractures in the United States between January 2010 and January 2015. Included patients were 18 years old or older and had a diagnosis of a phalangeal fracture. A total of 2140 phalangeal fractures in 1747 patients were included, and a manual chart review was performed to collect epidemiological and radiographic information. Fractures were classified based on location and fracture pattern.

Results:
The median age at the time of injury was 45 years (interquartile range, 30–57), and 65% of patients were men. The small finger had the highest incidence of fractures (26%) followed by the ring finger (24%). Distal and proximal phalanges demonstrated the highest incidence of fractures at 39% each. The dominant hand was affected in 44% of cases. Eighteen percent of fractures were due to a work-related trauma mechanism, and the most common mechanism of injury was blunt trauma (46%).

Conclusion:
This study provides a detailed overview of the anatomic distribution and fracture patterns of phalangeal fractures in an adult US population and, thus, may aid hand surgeons treating these injuries.
Association Between Immunoglobulin G4-Related Ophthalmic Disease and Nonlymphoid Malignancy Case Series and Comprehensive Review of the Literature
Authors: Hou Yanli , Su Qiang , Li Jing , Zhou Hang , Li Hongyang 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) and immunoglobulin G4-related ophthalmic disease (IgG4-ROD) complicated with nonlymphoid malignancy (NL-malignancy) are rare. No exact relationship between IgG4-RD and NL-malignancies has been established yet, and there have been few reports of different types of IgG4-ROD and related malignancies.

Methods:
We retrospectively reviewed medical records of patients diagnosed with IgG4-RD and NL-malignancy, whichever occurred first, from January 2015 to March 2021. In addition, the literature on the relationship between IgG4-ROD and NL-malignancy was reviewed.

Results:
There were 115 patients diagnosed with IgG4-RD, and 10 patients were enrolled in the study with NL-malignancy. Three patients were diagnosed with IgG4-ROD. One patient reported a previous history of cancer, and the other 2 patients developed cancer at or after the diagnosis of IgG4-RD. The 3 patients' cancers were located in the lung, gastrointestinal tract, and thyroid.

Conclusions:
There may be potential malignancy occurrence during follow-up of IgG4-RD patients, especially among elderly patients. In addition, IgG4-RD could be a paraneoplastic syndrome at or before the diagnosis of malignancy.
Fully Personalised Degenerative Disease Modelling - A Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Case Study
Authors: Baker Evan , Challenor Peter , Bamsey Ian , Muntoni Francesco , Manzur Adnan Y. , Tsaneva-Atanasova Krasimira 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPredicting the trajectory of rare degenerative diseases can be extremely beneficial, especially when these predictions are personalised to be relevant for a specific patient. These predictions can help inform and advise patients, families, and clinicians about the next stages of treatment and care. Obtaining such predictions, however, can be challenging, especially when data is limited. In particular, it is important that these predictions do not rely too heavily on general trends from the wider afflicted population while not relying exclusively on the, potentially sparse, data from the patient in question. We present a case study, wherein a modelling framework is developed for predicting a patient’s long term trajectory, using a mix of data from the patient of concern and a database of previously observed patients. This framework directly accounts for the temporal structure of a patient’s trajectory, effortlessly handles a large amount of missing data, allows for a wide range of patient progression, and offers a robust quantification of the various uncertainties. We showcase this framework to an example involving Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, where it provides promising results.
A magnetically actuated, optically sensed tensile testing method for mechanical characterisation of soft biological tissues
Authors: Rosalia Luca , Hallou Adrien , Cochrane Laurence , Savin Thierry 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTMechanical properties of soft biological tissues play a key role in their normal physiology, contributing to their formation during development, maintenance and repair during adult homeostasis, and driving diseases such as cancer. Mechanics has been proposed to exert its effect by impacting cells fate decisions and cell behaviours including proliferation, differentiation and motility, amongst others. However, despite its critical relevance, a comprehensive analysis of the biomechanics of soft biological tissues is still lacking due to the limitations of the existing characterisation tools. In this article, we describe the development of a device for uniaxial tensile testing of small samples of epithelial and connective tissues, based on the closed-loop interaction between an electromagnetic force actuator and an optical strain sensor. First, we validate the device with synthetic elastomers of known mechanical properties and compare its performance with conventional tensile testing methods; then, we characterise the mechanical properties of the squamous epithelium of the mouse oesophagus along with its supporting connective tissue and underlying muscle in controlled environmental conditions. Through an analysis of strain-stress curves, we demonstrate that the whole oesophagus behaves as a trilayered composite material, whose overall mechanical response depends on the properties of each of its tissue layers. Overall, the proposed setup enables measurements of the mechanical properties of soft biological tissues with unprecedented reliability and precision, and offers an ideal platform for future instrument developments.
Sensing the Full Dynamics of the Human Hand with a Neural Interface and Deep Learning
Authors: Sîmpetru Raul C. , Arkudas Andreas , Braun Dominik I. , Osswald Marius , de Oliveira Daniela Souza , Eskofier Bjoern , Kinfe Thomas M. , Del Vecchio Alessandro 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTheories about the neural control of movement are largely based on movement-sensing devices that capture the dynamics of predefined anatomical landmarks. However, neuromuscular interfaces such as surface electromyography (sEMG) can potentially overcome the limitations of these technologies by directly sensing the motor commands transmitted to the muscles. This allows for the continuous, real-time prediction of kinematics and kinetics without being limited by the biological and physical constraints that affect motion-based technologies. In this work, we present a deep learning method that can decode and map the electrophysiological activity of the forearm muscles into movements of the human hand. We recorded the kinematics and kinetics of the human hand during a wide range of grasping and individual digit movements covering more than 20 degrees of freedom of the hand at slow (0.5 Hz) and fast (1.5 Hz) movement speeds in healthy participants. The input of the model consists of three-hundred EMG sensors placed only on the extrinsic hand muscles. We demonstrate that our neural network can accurately predict the kinematics and contact forces of the hand even during unseen movements and with simulated real-time resolution. By examining the latent space of the network, we find evidence that it has learned the underlying anatomical and neural features of the sEMG that drive all hand motor behaviours.
Changes in COVID-19-related mortality across key demographic and clinical subgroups: an observational cohort study using the OpenSAFELY platform on 18 million adults in England
Authors:   The OpenSAFELY Collaborative, Nab Linda , Parker Edward PK , Andrews Colm D , Hulme William J , Fisher Louis , Morley Jessica , Mehrkar Amir , MacKenna Brian , Inglesby Peter , Morton Caroline E , Bacon Sebastian CJ , Hickman George , Evans David , Ward Tom , Smith Rebecca M , Davey Simon , Dillingham Iain , Maude Steven , Butler-Cole Ben FC , O’Dwyer Thomas , Stables Catherine L , Bridges Lucy , Bates Christopher , Cockburn Jonathan , Parry John , Hester Frank , Harper Sam , Zheng Bang , Williamson Elizabeth J , Eggo Rosalind M , Evans Stephen , Goldacre Ben , Tomlinson Laurie A , Walker Alex J 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo quantify in absolute and relative terms how population-level COVID-19 death rates have changed in demographic and clinical subgroups.DesignRetrospective cohort study on behalf of NHS England.SettingLinked primary care and death registry data from the OpenSAFELY-TPP platform, covering the first three pandemic waves in England (wave 1: March 23 to May 30, 2020; wave 2: September 7, 2020 to April 24, 2021; and wave 3, delta: May 28 to December 14, 2021).ParticipantsIn total, 18.7, 18.8, and 18.7 million adults were included for waves 1, 2, and 3 respectively.Main outcome measuresCOVID-19-related mortality based on linked death registry records.ResultsThe crude absolute COVID-19-related death rate per 1,000 person-years decreased from 4.48 in wave 1 (95%CI 4.41;4.55), to 2.70 in wave 2 (95%CI 2.67;2.73), to 0.64 in wave 3 (95%CI 0.63;0.66). The absolute death rate decreased by 90% between waves 1 and 3 in patients aged 80+, but by only 20% in patients aged 18-39. This higher proportional reduction in age- and sex-standardised death rates was also seen for other groups, such as neurological disease, learning disability and severe mental illness. Conversely, standardised death rates in transplant recipients stayed constant across successive waves at 10 per 1,000 person-years. There was also only a small decrease in death rates between waves in people with kidney disease, haematological malignancies or conditions associated with immunosuppression. Consequently, the relative hazard of COVID-19-related death decreased over time for some variables (e.g. age), remained similar for some (e.g. sex, ethnicity), and increased for others (e.g. transplant).ConclusionsCOVID-19 death rates decreased over the first three pandemic waves. An especially large decrease was seen in older age groups and people with neurological disease, learning disability or severe mental illness. Some demographic inequalities in death rates persisted over time. Groups more likely to experience impaired vaccine effectiveness did not see the same benefit in COVID-19 mortality reduction.
Quantitative MRI and histopathology detect remyelination in inactive multiple sclerosis lesions
Authors: Wiggermann Vanessa , Endmayr Verena , Hernández-Torres Enedino , Höftberger Romana , Kasprian Gregor , Hametner Simon , Rauscher Alexander 
Published: August 2022

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of focal or diffuse myelin damage or remyelination may provide important insights into disease progression and potential treatment efficacy in multiple sclerosis (MS). We performed post-mortem MRI and histopathological myelin measurements in seven progressive MS cases to evaluate the ability of three myelin-sensitive MRI scans to distinguish different stages of MS pathology, particularly chronic demyelinated and remyelinated lesions.At 3 Tesla, we acquired two different myelin water imaging (MWI) scans and magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) data. Histopathology included histochemical stainings for myelin phospholipids (LFB) and iron as well as immunohistochemistry for myelin proteolipid protein (PLP), CD68 (phagocytosing microglia/macrophages) and BCAS1 (remyelinating oligodendrocytes). Mixed-effects modelling determined which histopathological metric best predicted MWF and MTR in normal appearing and diffusely abnormal white matter, slowly expanding, inactive, remyelinated and ischemic lesions.Both MWI measures correlated well with each other and histology across regions, reflecting the different stages of MS pathology. MTR data showed a considerable influence of components other than myelin and a strong dependency on tissue storage duration. Both MRI and histology revealed increased myelin densities in inactive compared with slowly expanding lesions. Chronic inactive lesions harboured single scattered myelin fibres indicative of low-level remyelination. Mixed-effects modelling showed that smaller differences between white matter areas were linked to PLP densities and only to a smaller extent confounded by iron.MWI reflects differences in myelin lipids and proteins across all levels of myelin densities encountered in MS, including low-level remyelination in chronic inactive lesions.