bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hybrid Photoresponsive/Biocatalytic Micro‐ and Nanoswimmers
Authors: Khezri Bahareh , Villa Katherine 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMicro/nano biomimetic systems that convert energy from the surroundings into mechanical motion have emerged as promising tools to enhance the efficiencies of different biomedical and environmental processes. The inclusion of multiple engines into the same device has become a promising strategy to achieve dual/triple stimuli responses. Such hybrid micro/nanoswimmers combining different propulsion forces exhibit advanced motion behaviors and different physical features that are interesting not only to achieve strong propulsion capabilities in complex environments but also to modulate their movement according to the intended use. The development of hybrid systems that can be actuated by both light and biocompatible fuels is of particular interest. This minireview covers the main types of photoactive/biocatalytic micro/nanoswimmers developed so far. Their main photoresponsive and enzymatic components are discussed along with the most representative designs. The applicability of such hybrid machines for analyte sensing, antibacterial and therapeutical uses is also described. The remaining challenges and opportunities are then explored.
Enhancing the Interfacial Stability of High‐Energy Si/Graphite||LiNi0.88Co0.09Mn0.03O2 Batteries Employing a Dual‐Anion Ionic Liquid‐based Electrolyte
Authors: Fang Shan , Wu Fanglin , Zarrabeitia Maider , Kuenzel Matthias , Roscher Daniel , Gao Xinpei , Kim Jae‐Kwang , Kim Guk‐Tae , Passerini Stefano 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe poorly flammable room‐temperature ionic liquid‐based electrolyte composed of lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) and N‐butyl‐N‐methylpyrrolidinium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (Pyr14FSI) with fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) as an additive is investigated towards its compatibility with the LiNi0.88Co0.09Mn0.03O2 (NCM88) cathode and a high‐capacity Si/graphite (SiG) anode, revealing a remarkably stable performance in lithium‐ion cells. Interestingly, this dual‐anion electrolyte with FEC additive forms a stable electrode‐electrolyte interphase on both sides, which suppresses the morphological degradation of the electrode materials and continuous electrolyte decomposition. Consequently, lithium‐ion cells using such dual‐anion ionic liquid‐based electrolyte display significantly improved cycling stability compared to conventional carbonate ester‐based electrolyte, achieving a high specific energy of 385 Wh kg−1 (based on both cathode and anode active materials weight) with a capacity retention of 74 % after 200 cycles at 0.2 C, demonstrating the possibility to realize safe and high energy density LIBs.
In vitro and in vivo evaluation of 3D constructs engineered with human iPSC‐derived chondrocytes in gelatin methacryloyl hydrogel
Authors: Agten Hannah , Van Hoven Inge , Viseu Samuel R. , Van Hoorick Jasper , Van Vlierberghe Sandra , Luyten Frank P. , Bloemen Veerle 
Published: July 2022

AbstractArticular cartilage defects have limited healing potential and, when left untreated, can lead to osteoarthritis. Tissue engineering focuses on regenerating the damaged joint surface, preferably in an early stage. Here, we investigate the regenerative potential of three‐dimensional (3D) constructs consisting of human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)‐derived chondrocytes in gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel for stable hyaline cartilage production. iPSC‐derived chondrocytes are encapsulated in GelMA hydrogel at low (1 × 107 ml−1) and high (2 × 107 ml−1) density. In a conventional medium, GelMA hydrogel supports the chondrocyte phenotype, as opposed to cells cultured in 3D in absence of hydrogel. Moreover, encapsulated iPSC‐derived chondrocytes preserve their in vivo matrix formation capacity after 21 days in vitro. In differentiation medium, hyaline cartilage‐like tissue forms after 21 days, demonstrated by highly sulfated glycosaminoglycans and collagen type II. Matrix deposition is delayed at low encapsulation density, corroborating with lower transcript levels of COL2A1. An ectopic assay in nude mice demonstrates further maturation of the matrix deposited in vitro. Direct ectopic implantation of iPSC‐derived chondrocyte‐laden GelMA, without in vitro priming, also generates hyaline cartilage‐like tissue, albeit less mature. Since it is unclear what maturity upon implantation is desired for joint surface regeneration, this is an attractive technology to generate immature and more mature hyaline cartilage‐like tissue.
Does climate change surprise the profitability of energy firms? Empirical evidence from China
Authors: Cao Ming , Zhang Fan , Li Jianglong , Meng Guanfei 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe energy sector matters the sustainable development directly and is sensitive to climate change. A few empirical studies concentrate on how climate change influences firm performance. Climate change brings higher production costs and lower efficiency on the supply side and leads to beneficial sale performance and improves profit. However, it is ambiguous to the relationship of supply–demand and revenue‐cost levels, and their change is not consistent. Using panel data of 99 China‐listed firms active in the energy sector over the period 2000–2020, this study aims to identify the causal relation between climate change and the profitability of energy firms while controlling for firm‐specific and energy market‐related factors. The quantile regression results show that temperature deviation (TDEV) positively impacts the profitability of energy firms, and this impact varies at different quantiles of the profitability distribution. These findings remain unchanged by four robustness checks. Moreover, mechanism results indicate that revenue and cost have different interaction effects on the causal relation. The findings of this study can provide forward‐thinking expectations and assess climatic adaptation and risks, particularly inspired stakeholder engagements.
Construction and validation of a prognostic model based on 11 lymph node metastasis‐related genes for overall survival in endometrial cancer
Authors: Wu Hong , Feng Haiqin , Miao Xiaoli , Ma Jiancai , Liu Cairu , Zhang Lina , Yang Liping 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundEndometrial cancer (EC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in female reproductive system. The incidence of lymph node metastasis (LNM) is only about 10% in clinically suspected early‐stage EC patients. Discovering prognostic models and effective biomarkers for early diagnosis is important to reduce the mortality rate.MethodsA least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was conducted to identify the characteristic dimension decrease and distinguish porgnostic LNM related genes signature. Subsequently, a novel prognosis‐related nomogram was constructed to predict overall survival (OS). Survival analysis was carried out to explore the individual prognostic significance of the risk model and key gene was validated in vitro.ResultsIn total, 89 lymph node related genes (LRGs) were identified. Based on the LASSO Cox regression, 11 genes were selected for the development of a risk evaluation model. The Kaplan–Meier curve indicated that patients in the low‐risk group had considerably better OS (p = 3.583e−08). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of this model was 0.718 at 5 years of OS. Then, we developed an OS‐associated nomogram that included the risk score and clinicopathological features. The concordance index of the nomogram was 0.769. The survival verification performed in three subgroups from the nomogram demonstrated the validity of the model. The AUC of the nomogram was 0.787 at 5 years OS. Proliferation and metastasis of HMGB3 were explored in EC cell line. External validation with 30 patients in our hospital showed that patients with low‐risk scores had a longer OS (p‐value = 0.03). Finally, we revealed that the most frequently mutated genes in the low‐risk and high‐risk groups are PTEN and TP53, respectively.ConclusionsOur results suggest that LNM plays an important role in the prognosis, and HMGB3 was potential as a biomarker for EC patients.
Modifying Spinel Precursors for Highly Active and Stable Ni‐based CO2 Methanation Catalysts
Authors: Weber Dennis , Wadlinger Katja M. , Heinlein Maximilian M. , Franken Tanja 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn CO2 methanation, spinel phases are often considered as undesirable leading to deactivation. However, they can also be considered as well‐dispersed solid solutions suitable as catalyst precursors leading to the formation of highly active and finely dispersed active sites. Though, spinels such as NiAl2O4, which form when Ni/Al2O3 supported catalysts are used, require high reduction temperatures to become active. To obtain a suitable catalyst precursor, the reducibility of such spinels must be improved so that it can be activated under conventional conditions. The undesirable spinel phase is modified by introducing manganese, known to distort the spinel structure, to form Ni0.9MnxAl2‐xO4 (0≤x≤2) as a new catalyst precursor. These exhibit significantly improved reducibility at low temperatures. By adjusting the manganese content, a methane yield of 38.7 % was achieved at 350 °C under the conditions used, which is more than twice that of the supported Ni/Al2O3 reference catalyst (SPP2080‐IMRC).
Single Atom Catalysts: What Matters Most, the Active Site or The Surrounding?
Authors: Di Liberto Giovanni , Cipriano Luis A. , Pacchioni Gianfranco 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSingle atom catalysts (SACs) consist of isolated metal atoms stabilized on a solid support. The name suggests that the catalytic activity is due to the nature of the metal atom, but of course the interaction with the substrate plays a role as well. But what is more important? The metal atom or its surrounding? To answer this question, we have performed numerical experiments based on density functional theory (DFT). 24 transition metal atoms have been incorporated in Nitrogen‐doped graphene, and the catalytic activity in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) has been studied changing the metal and keeping the N‐doped graphene matrix fixed. Then, one specific atom, Pt, has been embedded in the same matrix but the nitrogen neighbors of Pt have been systematically replaced by carbon or oxygen atoms generating more than 20 structures. The HER has thus been studied by keeping the metal center fixed but changing the surrounding. It turns out that the same great variability in chemical behavior can be achieved by changing the active site or the surrounding environment. This shows the importance of the local coordination in determining the catalytic activity. The consequences of this conclusion for modeling studies of SACs are discussed.
Pathophysiology and therapeutic advances in myeloma bone disease
Authors: Zhang Fujing , Zhuang Junling 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBone disease is the most common complication in patients with multiple myeloma (MM), and it may lead to skeletal‐related events (SREs) such as bone pain, pathological fractures, and spinal cord compression, which impair a patients' quality of life and survival. The pathogenesis of myeloma bone disease (MBD) involves disruption of bone reconstitution balance including excessive activation of osteoclasts, inhibition of osteoblasts, and participation of osteocytes and bone marrow stromal cells. Various factors, such as the receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG), dickkopf‐1 (DKK‐1), sclerostin, and activin‐A, are involved in the development of MBD. Bisphosphonates and the anti‐RANKL antibody denosumab are currently the main treatment options for MBD, delaying the onset of SREs. Denosumab is preferred in patients with MM and renal dysfunction. Although effective drugs have been approved, antimyeloma therapy is the most important method for controlling bone disease.
Current State of [Fe]‐Hydrogenase and Its Biomimetic Models
Authors: Wang Chao , Lai Zhenli , Huang Gangfeng , Pan Hui‐Jie 
Published: July 2022

Abstract[Fe]‐hydrogenase, the third type of natural hydrogenase, is capable to heterolytically activate hydrogen molecule and transfer the resulting hydride to an unsaturated substrate, making it a promising hydrogenation catalyst. Over the last three decades, fruitful results on this enzyme have been achieved. In this review, we have summarized the major progresses about this enzyme including its structural characterisation, catalytic mechanism, cofactor biosynthesis, mimetic model development as well as artificial enzymes construction. In the meanwhile, challenges and opportunities of this enzyme and its mimetic systems in the application of synthetic chemistry and others are discussed.
Ultrasonic propagation in high‐concentration TiO2 slurries for photocatalytic reactors
Authors: Cid Lucía del C. , Vera Claudia M. C. , Sorichetti Patricio A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis work reports measurements of the speed of sound and ultrasonic attenuation in high concentration (up to 3 g · L−1) aqueous TiO2 slurries close to neutral pH. Measurements were made at frequencies of 1675, 5545, and 9340 kHz using ultrasonic transducers submerged in the slurry. The experimental setup may be applied to slurries in practical reactors while in operation. Within an experimental uncertainty of ±0.5 m · s−1, the speed of sound in the slurry was the same as in pure water, at all the studied catalyst concentrations and frequencies. The excess ultrasonic attenuation with respect to pure water increases linearly with the catalyst concentration and is inversely proportional to the square of the excitation frequency. This indicates that viscous and thermal acoustic losses predominate over scattering. For TiO2 concentrations in the range of 0.15–3 g · L−1, the catalyst concentration in the slurry may be estimated as a linear function of the excess ultrasonic attenuation, with an uncertainty of 0.1 g · L−1.
Synthesis of Hierarchical‐Porous Fluorinated Metal–Organic Frameworks with Superior Toluene Adsorption Properties
Authors: Wang Hao , Lu Shuangchun , Liu Qingling , Han Rui , Lu Xuebin , Song Chunfeng , Ji Na , Ma Degang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractConstructing metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with high volatile organic compounds (VOCs) adsorption capacity and excellent water resistance remain challenging. Herein, a monocarboxylic acid‐assisted mixed ligands strategy was designed to synthesize a novel fluorinated MOFs, MIL‐53 (Al). The monocarboxylic acid promoted crystallization and produced abundant crystal defects, which increased pore volume. Moreover, the competitive coordination between tetrafluoroterephthalic acid and 1,4‐dicarboxybenzene was moderated by monocarboxylic modulators, significantly improving the hydrophobicity. The toluene uptake of the optimal sample reached 254.85 mg g−1 under humid conditions, increased by 33.56 % of MIL‐53(Al), and the QWet/QDry (the ratio of adsorption quality under wet to adsorption quality under dry) was 0.92, remarkably surpassing that of origin MIL‐53 (0.72). The recycle experiment showed superior reusability with no performance degradation after 10 recycle under RH=50 % (relative humidity). The adsorptive kinetic and thermodynamic analysis proves that the adsorption process is controlled by surface mono‐layer adsorption and pore diffusion. The fluorine group affects the internal diffusion, which weakens the transfer rate. This strategy opens a new prospect of obtaining hierarchical functional MOFs for meeting the VOCs uptake under the practical application.
A Prospective Life Cycle Assessment of Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to Selective Formic Acid and Ethylene
Authors: Ai Ling , Ng Sue‐Faye , Ong Wee‐Jun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractConverting CO2 into valuable C1–C2 chemicals through electrochemical CO2 reduction (ECR) has potential to remedy the ever‐increasing climate problems owing to the intensification of industrial activity. In this work, cradle‐to‐gate life cycle assessment (LCA) was performed to quantify the environmental impacts of formic acid (FA) and ethylene production through ECR benchmarked with the conventional processes. At the midpoint level, global warming potential (GWP) effects of FA and ethylene production through ECR recorded 5.6 and 1.6‐times that of the conventional process, respectively. Although ECR currently has limited environmental benefits, the incorporation of hydropower has vast potential after evaluating four sustainable electricity sources, namely hydropower, wind, solar, and biomass. Notably, ECR to FA recorded a 24 % reduction in petrochemical usage. For ethylene production, human health damage, ecosystem damage, and petrochemical use were reduced by 67, 94, and 110 %, respectively. Sensitivity analysis indicated that a sustainable energy supply chain for ECR will accelerate the development of a circular economy.
Food neophobia as a mechanism of change in video‐delivered cognitive‐behavioral therapy for avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder: A case study
Authors: Burton Murray Helen , Becker Kendra R. , Breithaupt Lauren , Dreier Melissa J. , Eddy Kamryn T. , Thomas Jennifer J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe mechanisms through which cognitive‐behavioral therapies (CBTs) for avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) may work have yet to be elucidated. To inform future treatment revisions to increase parsimony and potency of CBT for ARFID (CBT‐AR), we evaluated change in food neophobia during CBT‐AR treatment of a sensory sensitivity ARFID presentation via a single case study.MethodAn adolescent male completed 21, twice‐weekly sessions of CBT‐AR via live video delivery. From pre‐ to mid‐ to post‐treatment and at 2‐month follow‐up, we calculated percent change in food neophobia and ARFID symptom severity measures. Via visual inspection, we explored trajectories of week‐by‐week food neophobia in relation to clinical improvements (e.g., when the patient incorporated foods into daily life).ResultsBy post‐treatment, the patient achieved reductions across food neophobia (45%), and ARFID severity (53–57%) measures and no longer met criteria for ARFID, with sustained improvement at 2‐month follow‐up. Via visual inspection of week‐by‐week food neophobia trajectories, we identified that decreases occurred after mid‐treatment and were associated with incorporation of a food directly tied to the patient's main treatment motivation.DiscussionThis study provides hypothesis‐generating findings on candidate CBT‐AR mechanisms, showing that changes in food neophobia were related to food exposures most connected to the patient's treatment motivations.Public significanceCognitive‐behavioral therapies (CBTs) can be effective for treating avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID). However, we do not yet have evidence to show how they work. This report of a single patient shows that willingness to try new foods (i.e., food neophobia), changed the most when the patient experienced a clinical improvement most relevant to his motivation for seeking treatment.
Genomic dynamics of brown trout populations released to a novel environment
Authors: Kurland Sara , Rafati Nima , Ryman Nils , Laikre Linda 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPopulation translocations occur for a variety of reasons, from displacement due to climate change to human‐induced transfers. Such actions have adverse effects on genetic variation and understanding their microevolutionary consequences requires monitoring. Here, we return to an experimental release of brown trout (Salmo trutta) in order to monitor the genomic effects of population translocations. In 1979, fish from each of two genetically (FST = 0.16) and ecologically separate populations were simultaneously released, at one point in time, to a lake system previously void of brown trout. Here, whole‐genome sequencing of pooled DNA (Pool‐seq) is used to characterize diversity within and divergence between the introduced populations and fish inhabiting two lakes downstream of the release sites, sampled 30 years later (c. 5 generations). Present results suggest that while extensive hybridization has occurred, the two introduced populations are unequally represented in the lakes downstream of the release sites. One population, which is ecologically resident in its original habitat, mainly contributes to the lake closest to the release site. The other population, migratory in its natal habitat, is genetically more represented in the lake further downstream. Genomic regions putatively under directional selection in the new habitat are identified, where allele frequencies in both established populations are more similar to the introduced population stemming from a resident population than the migratory one. Results suggest that the microevolutionary consequences of population translocations, for example, hybridization and adaptation, can be rapid and that Pool‐seq can be used as an initial tool to monitor genome‐wide effects.
Habitat use of the white‐headed langurs in limestone forest of Southwest Guangxi, China: Seasonality and group size effects
Authors: Liu Fengyan , Li Youbang , Zhang Kechu , Liang Jipeng , Nong Dengpan , Huang Zhonghao 
Published: July 2022

AbstractUnderstanding how animals cope with habitat‐specific environmental factors can assist in species conservation management. We studied the habitat use of four groups (two large and two small groups) of white‐headed langurs (Trachypithecus leucocephalus) living in the forest of southwest Guangxi, China between September 2016 and February 2017 via instantaneous scan sampling. Our results showed that the langurs primarily used hillsides (55.91% ± 6.47%), followed by cliffs (29.70% ± 5.48%), hilltops (7.26% ± 3.55%), flat zones (6.99% ± 6.58%), and farmlands (0.14% ± 0.28%). The langurs moved most frequently on hillsides (49.35% ± 6.97%) and cliffs (35.60% ± 9.17%). The hillsides were more frequently used (66.94% ± 7.86%) during feeding, and the langurs increased the use of hilltops during the rainy season, and the use of cliffs in the dry season. The langurs frequently rested on hillsides (49.75% ± 8.16%) and cliffs (38.93% ± 8.02%). The larger langur group used cliffs more frequently when moving and resting, whereas the small langur group used hillsides more frequently while resting. Langurs in all groups avoided the flat zones for feeding. Their use of habitat reflected the balancing of foraging needs, thermoregulation, and predator avoidance. We conclude that the ecological factors are determinants of habitat use for white‐headed langurs. Our findings suggest that conservation efforts should focus on protecting the vegetation on the hillsides and restoring the vegetation on the flat zones.