bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Startups as sustainability transformers: A new empirically derived taxonomy and its policy implications
Authors: Olteanu Yasmin , Fichter Klaus 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFor research as well as policymakers aiming at fostering multilevel transitions toward sustainability, there is a clear need to better understand the transformative role and relevance of startups as newcomers in the market. The existing typologies of sustainable entrepreneurship and green startups have been derived from theory and are conceptual or anecdotal in nature. The lack of validity and generalizability is a major research gap, as the existing typologies do not provide a sufficient basis for policy decisions on how to promote which type of entrepreneurship to effectively support specific transition policies. Against this backdrop, we investigate the research question: Does the transformation orientation differ among startups, and if so, how can they be clustered as basis for sustainability transition policy? Based on a sample of 1674 startups and cluster analysis, the paper makes three important contributions: First, we provide a differentiated perspective and empirical data on the transformation orientation of newcomers. Second, we provide an empirically founded taxonomy of the transformative orientation of startups and contribute to theory‐building of transformative entrepreneurship. Third, we test the assumption inherent in most existing frameworks that there exists a high‐potential subgroup of startups. Our results confirm the existence of a clearly distinguishable subgroup with a particularly high transformation orientation, which we label as “sustainability transformers.” In terms of transition strategies, policymakers can build on our findings to adjust public funds and support programs in favor of specific subgroups such as sustainability transformers.
Safety and efficacy of atezolizumab plus bevacizumab in elderly patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: A multicenter analysis
Authors: Tada Toshifumi , Kumada Takashi , Hiraoka Atsushi , Hirooka Masashi , Kariyama Kazuya , Tani Joji , Atsukawa Masanori , Takaguchi Koichi , Itobayashi Ei , Fukunishi Shinya , Tsuji Kunihiko , Ishikawa Toru , Tajiri Kazuto , Ochi Hironori , Yasuda Satoshi , Toyoda Hidenori , Ogawa Chikara , Nishimura Takashi , Hatanaka Takeshi , Kakizaki Satoru , Shimada Noritomo , Kawata Kazuhito , Tanaka Takaaki , Ohama Hideko , Nouso Kazuhiro , Morishita Asahiro , Tsutsui Akemi , Nagano Takuya , Itokawa Norio , Okubo Tomomi , Arai Taeang , Imai Michitaka , Naganuma Atsushi , Koizumi Yohei , Nakamura Shinichiro , Joko Kouji , Iijima Hiroko , Hiasa Yoichi ,   the Real‐life Practice Experts for HCC (RELPEC) Study Group and the Hepatocellular Carcinoma Experts from 48 clinics in Japan (HCC 48) Group
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimThe safety and efficacy of atezolizumab plus bevacizumab (Atez/Bev) in elderly patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have not been sufficiently investigated.MethodsA total of 317 patients with HCC treated with Atez/Bev were studied. We compared the survival and frequency of adverse events in elderly versus non‐elderly patients with HCC who were treated with Atez/Bev using an analysis of inverse probability weighting (IPW).ResultsUnivariate analysis adjusted with IPW showed that being elderly is not associated with worse overall or progression‐free survival (hazard ratio [HR], 1.239; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.640–2.399; p = 0.526 and HR, 1.256; 95% CI, 0.871–1.811; p = 0.223, respectively). Regarding treatment‐related adverse events, any grade of fatigue, proteinuria, decreased appetite, hypertension, and liver injury occurred in ≥10% of patients. There were no significant differences in treatment‐related adverse events between the elderly and non‐elderly groups. In a subgroup analysis of elderly patients aged 75–79, 80–84, or ≥ 85 years, there were no significant differences in cumulative overall or progression‐free survival among these age groups (p = 0.960 and 0.566, respectively). In addition, there were no significant differences in treatment‐related adverse events among these three age groups, except for proteinuria of any grade. In a subgroup analysis of patients treated with Atez/Bev as first‐line systemic therapy, there were no significant differences in cumulative overall or progression‐free survival between the elderly and non‐elderly groups (p = 0.728 and 0.805, respectively).ConclusionsAtez/Bev can be used efficaciously and safely in spite of age in patients with unresectable HCC.
Outcomes with early opioid administration in acute coronary syndromes: Does sex matter?
Authors: Parikh Puja B. , Reilly John P. 
Published: April 2022

Key Points
Opioid therapy has served as the cornerstone for pain relief in acute coronary syndromes (ACS) for several decades.
Women with ACS are less likely to receive opioids for early pain relief than their male counterparts despite similar pain levels.
Early opioid administration was associated with similar short‐term outcomes in men and women.
Elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction: Targeted or complete revascularization?
Authors: Spirito Alessandro , Mehran Roxana 
Published: April 2022

Key Points
The benefit of complete coronary revascularization in stable patients with STEMI and multivessel disease is well established; however, the extension of this benefit in older patients or with NSTEMI is uncertain.
This observational study including elderly patients presenting with STEMI or NSTEMI showed that a complete as compared with a culprit‐only revascularization may reduce the risk of all‐cause mortality, cardiovascular death and myocardial infarction.
Additional evidence from randomized controlled trials is needed to confirm these findings
Aggressive fibromatosis in the submandibular region of a child
Authors: Alam Mostafa , Mir Mohammad Sadeghi Hassan , Mashhadiabbas Fatemeh , Iranparvar Alamdari Mina 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAggressive fibromatosis is proliferation of well‐differentiated fibroblasts. Submandibular region is rare location for fibromatosis. We report a case of a rapidly growing mass in submandibular region of 5‐year‐old girl, excised surgically and ascertained to be aggressive fibromatosis on histological examination. Recovery was uneventful, and she was disease‐free in 6‐month follow‐up.
Acute cholecystitis associated with Brucella melitensis bacteremia: A rare intraabdominal manifestation of brucellosis
Authors: KC Ojbindra , Dahal Punya Hari , Koirala Manisha , Ntem‐Mensah Afua Duker 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBrucellosis typically presents with nonspecific symptoms of intermittent fever, night sweats, malaise, and arthralgia but can involve any organs as focal brucellosis. Intraabdominal involvement is rare. We report a case of acute cholecystitis associated with brucellosis with no history of exposure to risk factors in a non‐endemic area.
Follow‐up of 25 patients with treatable ataxia: A comprehensive case series study
Authors: Ashrafi Mahmoud Reza , Pourbakhtyaran Elham , Rohani Mohammad , Shalbafan Bita , Tavasoli Ali Reza , Hosseinpour Sareh , Rasulinezhad Maryam , Rezaei Zahra , Zare Dehnavi Ali , Hosseiny Seyyed Mohammad Mahdi , Haghighi Roya , Ghabeli Homa , Heidari Morteza 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAutosomal recessive cerebellar ataxias are a group of heterogeneous early‐onset progressive disorders that some of them are treatable. We performed a 4‐year follow‐up for 25 patients who had treatable ataxia. According to our study, patients would benefit from early detection of treatable ataxia, close observation, and follow‐up.
Mesenteric lipoma revealed by chronic abdominal pain: A rare case report
Authors: Fourati Kais , Masmoudi Abderrahmen , Zouari Amine , zouari Rami , Bradai Jawhar , Najmeddine Hentati , Boujelbene Salah 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMesenteric lipoma is a rare entity. It can be asymptomatic or revealed by unspecific clinical symptoms. Complete resection of the lipoma is often proposed to prevent complications. We report a case of mesenteric lipoma revealed by chronic abdominal pain, and we performed a literature review regarding this rare condition.
Manipulation of Triplet Excited States in Two‐Component Systems for High‐Performance Organic Afterglow Materials
Authors: Li Jiuyang , Wang Guangming , Chen Xuefeng , Li Xun , Wu Minjian , Yuan Shou , Zou Yunlong , Wang Xuepu , Zhang Kaka 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe past several years have witnessed the tremendous development of novel chemical structures, new design strategies and intriguing applications in the field of room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) and organic afterglow materials. This Review article focuses on recent advancements of high‐performance organic afterglow materials obtained by two‐component design strategies such as a dopant‐matrix, donor–acceptor, sensitization, and energy‐transfer strategies. Based on some cutting‐edge studies, organic afterglow efficiency has been largely improved, exceeding 90 % in several cases. Organic afterglow durations reach tens of seconds in phosphorescence systems and hours in donor–acceptor systems. Organic afterglow brightness outcompetes some inorganic afterglow materials in the first several seconds after ceasing excitation source. Organic afterglow colors cover the whole visible regions and extend to near‐infrared regions with respectful afterglow efficiency. On the basis of these achievements, researchers demonstrate promising applications of organic afterglow materials in diverse fields, which has also been reviewed.
Catalytic Enantioselective Construction of 6‐4 Ring‐Junction All‐Carbon Stereocenters and Mechanistic Insights
Authors: Wang Jia‐Yin , Li Chen‐Long , Xu Ting , Li Meng‐Fan , Hao Wen‐Juan , Tu Shu‐Jiang , Wang Jianyi , Li Guigen , Yu Zhi‐Xiang , Jiang Bo 
Published: April 2022

Comprehensive SummaryDeveloping reactions for the synthesis of 6‐6‐4 and 6‐4 carbocyclic scaffolds with a chiral quaternary center at the bridgehead position is highly desired, considering the existence of such skeletons in natural products with biological activities and the potential of using these molecules for downstream studies in chemical biology and medicinal chemistry. Report here is accessing these target skeletons with high chemo‐, regio‐ and enantio‐selectivities through Pd(II)/chiral N,N’‐disulfonyl bisimidazoline (Bim) ligand‐catalyzed asymmetric reaction of yne‐allenones and arylboronic acids. Realization of 6‐6‐4 skeleton with a ring‐junction all‐carbon stereocenter is a one‐step process while synthesizing 6‐4 skeleton is a two‐step process, which begins with intramolecular [2 + 2] reaction of allenes with alkynes, followed by Pd‐catalyzed asymmetric addition of arylboronic acids to cyclic enones generated in the first step. Noteworthy is that chiral Bim ligand as a C2‐symmetric N,N’‐bidentateanionic ligand, designed by us, in coordinating with Pd catalyst was first applied to catalyze asymmetric 1,4‐conjugate addition reaction with the high catalytic performance (the reaction can be carried out in air). DFT calculations have been applied to understand how these reactions take place, the origins of enantioselectivity, and relative reactivities of different substrates.
Near‐Infrared Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence in Arylselanyl BODIPY‐Doped Materials
Authors: Iwakiri Shinji , Hasegawa Ryohei , Kubo Yuji 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNear‐infrared (NIR) luminescent materials have received considerable attention owing to their intriguing applications in fields such as high‐resolution biological imaging and information technology. In this context, room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials with emission bands in the NIR region are rare. Metal‐free arylselanyl‐BODIPY triplet photosensitizers were doped into a benzophenone (BP) matrix. When excited at 350 nm, RTP emission was observed in the NIR region with λem values of 750–816 nm, and the phosphorescence quantum yield was up to 0.48 %. The detection of an extremely large Stokes shift (≥400 nm) was responsible for the triplet‐triplet energy transfer from BP to the BODIPY guest. Furthermore, the RTP properties were tuned by derivatization of the selenium‐containing BODIPY guests. NIR‐RTP properties were also detected upon excitation at 470 nm with a persistent lifetime of up to 17.5 ms. Notably, in addition to NIR RTP emission, thermally activated delayed fluorescence was detected at 620 nm when 10 ms delayed spectra were measured for the MeOSeBOD‐doped system. Considering the synthetic versatility of the BODIPY chromophore, this work opens up a new strategy for developing small molecule‐based NIR RTP systems.
Investigation of near cut‐off properties of electromagnetic wave propagation in homogeneous, collisional plasma slab
Authors: Noori Ehsanollah 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFluctuations in the signal of optical coefficients of propagative electromagnetic (EM) waves in plasma, can cause problems in phase analysis, especially in microwave diagnostic systems which are based on the reflection, and transmission of EM waves in the vicinity of cut‐off layer of the plasma. In this study, optical properties of EM wave propagation in a single layer, homogeneous, and partially ionized plasma slab are investigated. For realistic analysis of propagation characteristics of the EM wave in the plasma slab, multiple reflections of the EM wave from plasma‐vacuum boundaries, known as incoherent internal reflections (IIR) are considered. Optical coefficients of the EM wave are numerically simulated in terms of the plasma parameters and wave frequency, with and without consideration of the incoherent internal reflections effect. It was found that in the low‐loss collision regime, the cut‐off fluctuations of the optical coefficients can be filtered considering the incoherent internal reflections of the EM wave. Such analysis of the EM wave propagation in plasma slab can be considered the primary physical design of diagnostic facilities and EM wave absorbing structures operating in the cut‐off frequency ranges.
Design and analysis of clover leaf‐shaped fractal antenna integrated with stepped impedance resonator for wireless applications
Authors: Palanisamy Satheeshkumar , Thangaraju Balakumaran 
Published: April 2022

SummaryA novel multi‐band clover leaf‐shaped fractal antenna with integrated filtering to reduce higher order harmonics has been proposed. Existing microstrip filtering antennas endure limited gain, narrow impedance bandwidth, and undesired frequency radiations. The proposed antenna is designated to operate simultaneously in following operating bands: 3.35–3.6 GHz for WiMAX, 5.156–5.825 GHz for WLAN, 5.7–6.4 GHz for Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS), and 7.7–8.5 GHz for ITU‐R applications. The proposed patch is realized by combining two semi‐fractal ring microstrip patches like the geometry of a three‐leaf clover with dual‐layered stepped impedance resonator (SIR) integrated at bottom layer of the second substrate. The SIR bandpass filter exhibits odd and even modes suppresses higher order harmonics and undesired radiations. An aperture coupled feeding in the proposed patch offers better bandwidth and impedance matching. The number of iterations is increased to get the desired multiband characteristics. The proposed microstrip fractal antenna has the geometrical dimensions of 50 × 50 × 2 mm3. It is observed that both the simulated and measured results offers peak gain of >5 dBi and better return loss (S11), that is, 3.3–3.6‐GHz band offers S11of −33.73 dB, 5.15–5.825‐GHz band offers S11of −36.69 dB, and 5.795–6.4‐GHz band shows the S11of −36.25 dB, and for 7.725–8.5 GHz, the return loss is −33.209 dB. Harmonics at 6.42 GHz (1.8f0), 7.37 GHz (1.5f0), and 9.04 GHz (1.73f0) has been suppressed and shows linear polarization in the WLAN band and circular polarization in the ITU‐R and WiMAX bands.
Estimating animal abundance at multiple scales by spatially explicit capture–recapture
Authors: Howe Eric J. , Potter Derek , Beauclerc Kaela B. , Jackson Katelyn E. , Northrup Joseph M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractInformation about how animal abundance varies across landscapes is needed to inform management action but is costly and time‐consuming to obtain; surveys of a single population distributed over a large area can take years to complete. Surveys employing small, spatially replicated sampling units improve efficiency, but statistical estimators rely on assumptions that constrain survey design or become less reasonable as larger areas are sampled. Efficient methods that avoid assumptions about similarity of detectability or density among replicates are therefore appealing. Using simulations and data from >3500 black bears sampled on 73 independent study areas in Ontario, Canada, we (1) quantified bias induced by unmodeled spatial heterogeneity in detectability and density; (2) evaluated novel, design‐based estimators of average density across replicate study areas; and (3) evaluated two estimators of the variance of average density across study areas: an analytic estimator that assumed an underlying homogeneous spatial Poisson point process for the distribution of animals' activity centers, and an empirical estimator of variance across study areas. In simulations where detectability varied in space, assuming spatially constant detectability yielded density estimates that were negatively biased by 20% to 30%; estimating local detectability and density from local data and treating study areas as independent, equal replicates when estimating average density across study areas using the design‐based estimator yielded unbiased estimates at local and landscape scales. Similarly, detectability of black bears varied among study areas and estimates of bear density at landscape scales were higher when no information was shared across study areas when estimating detectability. This approach also maximized precision (relative SEs of estimates of average black bear density ranged from 7% to 18%) and computational efficiency. In simulations, the analytic variance estimator was robust to threefold variation in local densities but the empirical estimator performed poorly. Conducting multiple, similar SECR surveys and treating them as independent replicates during analyses allowed us to efficiently estimate density at multiple scales and extents while avoiding biases caused by pooling spatially heterogeneous data. This approach enables researchers to address a wide range of ecological or management‐related questions and is applicable with most types of SECR data.
Rapidly declining body size in an insectivorous bat is associated with increased precipitation and decreased survival
Authors: Davy Christina M. , von Zuben Valerie , Kukka Piia M. , Gerber Brian D. , Slough Brian G. , Jung Thomas S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractReduced food availability is implicated in declines in avian aerial insectivores, but the effect of nutritional stress on mammalian aerial insectivores is unclear. Unlike birds, insectivorous bats provision their young through lactation, which might protect nursing juveniles when prey availability is low but could increase the energetic burden on lactating females. We analyzed a 15‐year capture–mark–recapture data set from 5312 individual little brown myotis (Myotis lucifugus) captured at 11 maternity colonies in northwestern Canada, to test the hypothesis that nutritional stress is impacting these mammalian aerial insectivores. We used long‐bone (forearm [FA]) length as a proxy for relative access to nutrition during development, and body mass as a proxy for access to nutrition prior to capture. Average FA length and body mass both decreased significantly over the study period in adult females and juveniles, suggesting decreased access to nutrition. Effect sizes were very small, similar to those reported for declining body size in avian aerial insectivores. Declines in juvenile body mass were only observed in individuals captured in late summer when they were foraging independently, supporting our hypothesis that lactation provides some protection to nursing young during periods of nutritional stress. Potential drivers of the decline in bat size include one or both of (1) declining insect (prey) abundance, and (2) declining prey availability. Echolocating insectivorous bats cannot forage effectively during rainfall, which is increasing in our study area. The body mass of captured adult females and juveniles in our study was lower, on average, after periods of high rainfall, and higher after warmer‐than‐average periods. Finally, survival models revealed a positive association between FA length and survival, suggesting a fitness consequence to declines in body size. Our study area has not yet been impacted by bat white‐nose syndrome (WNS), but research elsewhere has suggested that fatter bats are more likely to survive infection. We found evidence for WNS‐independent shifts in the body size of little brown myotis, which can inform studies investigating population responses to WNS. More broadly, the cumulative effects of multiple stressors (e.g., disease, nutritional stress, climate change, and other pressures) on mammalian aerial insectivores require urgent attention.
Range‐wide persistence of the endangered arroyo toad (Anaxyrus californicus) for 20+ years following a prolonged drought
Authors: Hitchcock Cynthia J. , Gallegos Elizabeth A. , Backlin Adam R. , Barabe Russell , Bloom Peter H. , Boss Kimberly , Brehme Cheryl S. , Brown Christopher W. , Clark Denise R. , Clark Elizabeth R. , Cooper Kevin , Donnell Julie , Ervin Edward , Famolaro Peter , Guilliam Kim M. , Hancock Jacquelyn J. , Hess Nicholas , Howard Steven , Hubbartt Valerie , Lieske Patrick , Lovich Robert , Matsuda Tritia , Meyer‐Wilkins Katherin , Muri Kamarul , Nerhus Barry , Nordland Jeff , Ortega Brock , Packard Robert , Ramirez Ruben , Stewart Sam C. , Sweet Samuel , Warburton Manna , Wells Jeffrey , Winkleman Ryan , Winter Kirsten , Zitt Brian , Fisher Robert N. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractProlonged drought due to climate change has negatively impacted amphibians in southern California, U.S.A. Due to the severity and length of the current drought, agencies and researchers had growing concern for the persistence of the arroyo toad (Anaxyrus californicus), an endangered endemic amphibian in this region. Range‐wide surveys for this species had not been conducted for at least 20 years. In 2017–2020, we conducted collaborative surveys for arroyo toads at historical locations. We surveyed 88 of the 115 total sites having historical records and confirmed that the arroyo toad is currently extant in at least 61 of 88 sites and 20 of 25 historically occupied watersheds. We did not detect toads at almost a third of the surveyed sites but did detect toads at 18 of 19 specific sites delineated in the 1999 Recovery Plan to meet one of four downlisting criteria. Arroyo toads are estimated to live 7–8 years, making populations susceptible to prolonged drought. Drought is estimated to increase in frequency and duration with climate change. Mitigation strategies for drought impacts, invasive aquatic species, altered flow regimes, and other anthropogenic effects could be the most beneficial strategies for toad conservation and may also provide simultaneous benefits to several other native species that share the same habitat.