bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trichotillomania Prevalence in an Arab Middle Eastern Population
Authors: Subki Ahmed H. , Khatib Hazim A. , Butt Nadeem S. , Jamjoom Mohammed A. , Alharbi Rame S. , Shaikhoon Bahaa M. , Alharbi Mamdouh W. , Shaikhoon Sarah M. , Al-Zaben Faten , Alghamdi Waleed A. , Koenig Harold G. 
Published: August 2022

Aim:
Trichotillomania (TTM) (hair-pulling disorder) is a relatively rare psychiatric condition. We are aware of no studies of this disorder in Arab Middle Eastern populations. We examine the prevalence and correlates of TTM in a community sample of individuals living in a large port city in western Saudi Arabia.

Methods:
An observational cross-sectional study of 511 adults aged 18 years or over living in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, was conducted. After inquiring about demographic information and self-reported psychiatric disorders, the Massachusetts General Hospital Hair-Pulling Scale (MGH-HPS) was administered to assess symptoms of TMM.

Results:
A total of 9 of 511 participants (1.8%) scored above the cutoff for suspected TTM on the MGH-HPS, whereas 203 (39.7%) had a history of hair-pulling. Those with suspected TTM were more likely to be female (2.8% vs 0.4% in males, P = 0.047) and somewhat more likely to have a history of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) (6.7% vs 1.5%, P = 0.093). Hair pulling was also more common in unmarried, not living with family, and unemployed. Among those with a history of hair-pulling, the most frequent locations were from the face (62.7%), head (55.7%), and legs (15.3%).

Conclusions:
While a history of hair-pulling is common in this community sample (40%), suspected TTM is much less prevalent (<2%), although not rare by any means. When present, the condition is more common in women and possibly in those with OCD.
General practitioners’ knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding optional immunization in urban area of Sangli District
Authors: Dhobale Randhir V. , Waghachavare Vivek B. , Gore Alka D. , Dhumale Girish B. 
Published: August 2022

Introduction:
Immunization is one of the most effective, safest, and efficient public health interventions. Thousands of children are still dying from vaccine-preventable diseases every year. Administration of optional vaccines such as Hib, Inactivated polio vaccine (IPV), typhoid, hepatitis A, chickenpox, and rotavirus at appropriate age helps them in protecting from various diseases in under 18 population. Also, the attitude and practices of general practitioners have an important role in preventing modern diseases in children.

Objective:
This study was undertaken to assess the level of knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding optional vaccines among the general practitioners.

Material and Methods:
Study type: Cross-sectional. Study setting: Sangli–Miraj–Kupwad corporation area. Study subject: Practicing General Practitioners willing to participate. Study period: July 2018–Sep 2019. Study tools: predesigned, pretested questionnaire. Statistical analysis: by using Microsoft Excel and SPSS 22.0 version software.

Results:
Out of 162 general practitioners, 105 were males and 57 were females. A total of 83 (51.23%) general practitioners had good knowledge about optional vaccines in their practice. Good knowledge was found to be highest among MBBS practitioners 38 (55.9%). A total of 118 (72.84%) general practitioners were counseling the parents regarding optional vaccines.

Conclusion:
There is a need to create training programs and continuing medical education (CMEs) for general practitioners (GPs) on optional vaccination practices to improve knowledge.
Effect of long-term yoga training on autonomic function among the healthy adults
Authors: Shobana R , Maheshkumar K , Venkateswaran S.T. , Geetha M Bagavad , Padmavathi R 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Autonomic dysfunction is one of the major complications in noncommunicable diseases, and there are studies to prove yoga practice improves cardiac autonomic function. So, this present study was done to compare the autonomic functions among yoga practitioners and nonyoga practitioners.

Methods:
This cross-sectional comparative study was initiated among 68 healthy volunteers of both sexes, after recruiting them based on inclusion and exclusion criteria in the age group of 17–30 yrs. The autonomic reactivity tests like resting heart rate, response of heart rate to standing, Valsalva maneuver, and response of heart rate to deep breathing, response of BP to standing, and sustained hand-grip were done.

Results:
In the autonomic reactivity test, resting heart rate (80.92 ± 11.76 vs 69.24 ± 10.64) and sustained handgrip (16.30 ± 4.53 vs 10.20 ± 3.67) significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in the participants of the yoga group compared to control group. Deep breathing test, Valsalva maneuver, 30:15 ratio in lying to standing, and BP response to standing test did not show any significant difference between the groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:
The present study revealed diminished sympathetic activity and improved parasympathetic activity among the regular yoga practicing participants. It can be practiced regularly to reduce stress and prevent lifestyle-associated disorders in the future.
Depression among higher secondary students of science stream of private schools of Rajkot
Authors: Chauhan Dixit , Patel Umed , Rahul Kirtikumar , Patel Mehul 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Depression with the magnitude of 8 − 20% emerged as major mental health morbidity among adolescents due to its devastating consequences of suicidal tendencies, academic failure, poor social relationships, and substance abuse. The current study was carried out to estimate the magnitude of depression among the students of private higher secondary schools of science stream in Rajkot city, Gujarat.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted among the 1219 students of 11th and 12th standards of private schools of science stream in Rajkot city using a multistage sampling method. Students were screened using Patient Health Questionnaire-9 for Depression and categorized into no depression, mild, moderately severe and severe depression. Epi Info software version 7.1.5.2. from CDC, Atlanta, USA was used to analyze the data.

Results:
One-third (31.99%) of students had depression followed by Dysthymia (20.59%) and Suicidal risk in 1.64% of students. The prevalence of depression was higher in female students (37.28%) than males. Students of 12th standard (38.06%) were more depressed than 11th standard (25.98). The suicidal risk was found more among the students of 12th standard (2.47%) compared to 11th standard (0.82). The prevalence of Depression, Dysthymia and Suicidal risk were more in Muslim students than Hindus. According to severity, female students (13.98%), 12th standard students (11.53%), Muslim (19.73%) and students residing at a hostel (12.12%) were more depressed (moderate to severe) than their counterparts.

Conclusion:
In the present study, a significant proportion of students were found suffering from depression.
Prevalence of usage of Tobacco and its various correlates in District Gautam-Budh Nagar, Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Srivastava Shalini , Mahajan Harsh , Jindal Manisha , Dohare Sunil , Khurana Shweta 
Published: August 2022

Context:
Tobacco use is the leading single preventable cause of deaths worldwide. India is the second largest consumer of tobacco in the world.

Aims:
To study the prevalence of tobacco use among the adult population >15 years age of District Gautam-Budh Nagar and find the association of various socio-demographic factors with the tobacco usage.

Settings and Design:
Cross-sectional community-based study conducted in urban and rural areas of District Gautam-Budh Nagar, Uttar-Pradesh.

Subjects and Methods:
The study was conducted among 1461 adults aged 15 years and above in the District Gautam-Budh Nagar. Multistage sampling was used to select the study subjects. The questionnaire used for the interview consisted of questions related to socio-demographic profile, smoking habits and smokeless tobacco use, intention to quit and exposure to second-hand smoke.

Statistical Analysis:
The data were entered and analyzed in SPSS Software version 20.0. The prevalence of tobacco use was expressed in percentages. The association between various socio-demographic factors and tobacco use was assessed by Chi-square test. P value < 0.05 was taken as significant.

Results:
Prevalence of tobacco usage in this study was found to be 50.4% (65% among males and 28.8% among females). The prevalence of smoking and smokeless tobacco use in our study was 37.2% and 21.3%, respectively. Increasing age, male gender, and lower educational status were found to be significant risk factors for tobacco use in our study.

Conclusions:
India needs to gear up the efforts more and can still do more to make the proven tobacco control tools work for its citizens’ well-being.
Predictors for mucormycosis in COVID era
Authors: Trivedi Poonam , Memon Farjana , Shah Komal , Shah Hemal , Yasobant Sandul , Saxena Deepak 
Published: August 2022

Context:
Mucormycosis has been increasingly described in the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) era, however, there is a lack of robust epidemiological studies to understand the predictors for the development of mucormycosis from India.

Aims:
To document the risk factors of mucormycosis with or without COVID-19 and estimate the strength of association of various risk factors. Settings and Design: A case-control study was conducted in the Ahmedabad districts of Gujarat from June to August 2021.

Methods and Material:
One hundred participants (25 cases with mucor, 75 without mucor) were enrolled in the study. The cases and controls were then matched based on age and gender. Ethical approval was sought from the Institutional Ethics Committee of the Indian Institute of Public Health Gandhinagar, Gujrat, India.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Data were collected using the Epi Collect 5 application, and the descriptive, inferential analysis was done using the SPSS version 21 statistical software.

Results:
About 68% of the cases were from a rural area and had past comorbidity conditions. About 80% of the cases reported a previous history of COVID-19, whereas 67% of the controls reported the same. The factors which remained significant after applying the hierarchical model were rural residents (OR = 3.2 [95% CI: 1.05–10.3]) and history of oxygen therapy (OR = 5.42 [95% CI: 1.24–23.8]).

Conclusions:
This study concludes that mucormycosis is independent of the COVID-19 status. Rural residents and oxygen therapy were found to be the most significant risk factors for mucormycosis. The findings of this study are also not conclusive to establish an association; thus, further exploration and in-depth research with larger samples are recommended.
Spectrum of infections occurring in patients of autoimmune rheumatic diseases on treatment with biological versus conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs
Authors: Gupta Partisha , Padhan Prasanta , Bhargava Nishant , Behera Pradip Kumar , Tripathy Krishna Padarabinda , Panda Sudhansu Sekhar 
Published: August 2022

Background:
The era of biological therapy has revolutionized in the management of autoimmune rheumatic diseases. There have been conflicting results about the incidence of infections related to these drugs. The purpose of this study was to compare the spectrum and severity of infection between patients on biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) versus conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (cDMARDs).

Materials and Methods:
This hospital-based prospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital, and a total 200 patients were enrolled in this study. Patients on either bDMARDs or cDMARDs for at least six weeks presenting with evidence of infection were included. Patients with known immunodeficiency states, multiple comorbidities, and patients on prednisolone >7.5 mg were excluded. Data was expressed as percentage and mean ± SD. Kolmogorov–Smirnov analysis was performed for checking linearity of the data, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s HSD test were used to test the significance of difference between more than two parameters in parametric data.

Results:
Rheumatoid arthritis in 58 patients (29%) were the commonest ones presenting with infections, followed by systemic lupus erythematosus in 37 patients (18.5%). 135 patients (67.5%) were on cDMARDs and 65 patients (32.5%) on bDMARDs. Respiratory tract infection in 47 (34.8%) patients was found to be the commonest infection due to cDMARDs. Incidence of infection was higher with biologics, and types of infection in patients receiving infliximab and etanercept were significantly different from that of cDMARDs. Patients receiving etanercept had higher risk of infections and re-infections, but they were milder compared to cDMARDs. A significantly higher frequency of re-infection was found in patients who had not received vaccination.

Conclusion:
This study emphasizes that TNF-α inhibitors are significantly associated with higher risk of infections. Patients on etanercept have significantly higher but milder infections as compared to cDMARDs. Vaccination plays a pivotal role in prevention of re-infections.
Indian medical student perspectives on online mode of education
Authors: Singh Amandeep , Jadon Ranveer S. , Baitha Upendra , Sethi Prayas , Kaur Harleen , Kumar Arvind , Ranjan Piyush , Wig Naveet 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:
The coronavirus pandemic has led to drastic changes in the education system globally. The medical education curriculum has also undergone a significant drift from traditional or physical classes to online classes. The study aims to explore the viewpoints of the Indian medical students toward online classes, their ramifications, and suggestions for improvement.

Methods:
The self-administered online questionnaire using the Google form was developed, validated, and circulated among students of All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi. The data of the survey were systematically analyzed by descriptive statistics.

Results:
A total of 223 students filled the Google form. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 171 students were finalized, and the analysis was done. The data suggested that 49.7% of the participants were facing technical glitches, poor Internet connectivity being the commonest. Eye straining (56.7%) was the major physical health hazard, whereas lack of concentration (53.8%) was the major psychological issue reported by the students. The major advantage of online classes reported was its accessibility (93%) at any time and place, whereas students also reported that the traditional learning method is more interactive and motivating (72.5%). Overall, 72.5% of the students wanted to continue both modes of education after the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic.

Conclusion:
As per the analysis of the results, it is concluded that, since both online and offline modes of education have advantages and disadvantages, henceforth, mixed or blended method of learning is the best form of learning medical science.
Clinical spectrum and treatment response in patient of chronic myeloid leukemia in correlation with ABO blood group
Authors: Meher Mukti P. , Gupta Saumya , Singh Arun Kumar , Kumar Prabhat , Kumar Sandeep , Amrit Amar Kumar , Arora Disha , Bharti Anju , Kumar Sandip , Meena Lalit Prashant 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Several studies have been conducted to evaluate and investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying alterations in ABO blood group antigens in oncogenesis. We observed that no study has been reported yet that correlate cytological, molecular and haematological responses of Imatinib therapy in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients with different types of blood groups.

Objective:
To determine the distribution of CML in the ABO blood group, clinical spectrum of CML in different blood groups, and treatment response of CML patients in correlation with ABO and Rh blood groups.

Material and Methods:
All the patients included in the study were diagnosed on the basis of clinical features, peripheral smears and bone marrow aspiration findings. Real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and cytogenetic analysis were done in all patients at the time of initiation of therapy. Blood grouping and Rh typing of each patient were done at the initiation of therapy.

Results:
Out of 100 included patients, 58 were male and 42 were female patients. It was observed that 45 (45%) patients were having a B+ blood group; 33% patients were having O+ blood group, followed by A+ (10%), AB+ (8%), A− (2%), B− (1%) and AB− (1%). Around 43.64% study subjects with O + blood groups showed complete cytogenetic response, followed by B+ (41.82%), A+ (10.91), A− (1.82) and AB+ (1.82). An equal number of patients (40% each) with O+ and B+ blood groups, followed by A+ (20%) showed undetectable Abelson-breakpoint cluster region (BCR-ABL)/ratio (%). About 75% of patients showed complete haematological response (CHR) and 25% showed PHR. Patients with B+ and O+ blood groups (41.33%) showed a CHR. It was observed that a maximum number of patients were suffering from symptoms of an abdominal mass (37%), 43.24% of patients with B+ blood group showed an abdominal mass, followed by O+ (35.13%), A+ and AB+ (8.11% each), B − and AB− (2.70% each).

Conclusion:
This study revealed that study subjects with B+ and O+ blood groups showed better cytogenetic, molecular and haematological responses as compared with patients with other blood groups at 6 and 12 months of treatment with Imatinib.
Cervical cancer knowledge and attitude among a cohort of female schoolteachers in Salem city – A cross-sectional survey
Authors: Venkata Lakshmi S. , Deepa Lakshmi K. Priya , Bharath C. , Saravanan N. , Shaik Sabiha Shaheen , Nagilla Jithender 
Published: August 2022

The present study aimed to assess the knowledge and attitude of female schoolteachers toward cervical cancer.

Materials and Method:
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 256 Government female schoolteachers aged 22–60 years in Salem city, Tamil Nadu. A self-administered questionnaire which assessed the levels of knowledge (6 items) and attitude (4 items) regarding cervical cancer was employed and responses were recorded on a three-point Likert scale. Data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 20.0.

Results:
Overall adequate knowledge and good attitude regards to cervical cancer was observed among 60% and 66.8% of schoolteachers, respectively. Participants in the age range of 31–45 years (p = 0.007), primary schoolteachers (p = 0.004) and Hindus (p = 0.001) displayed significantly adequate levels of knowledge compared to their respective counterpart. Likewise, based on attitude subjects possessing postgraduation (p = 0.001) and middle schoolteachers (p = 0.009) had significant good attitude scores. Significant linear correlation was observed knowledge with class teacher (r = 0.136, P = 0.03) and religion (r = 0.208, P = 0.001) whereas attitude with qualification (r = 0.165, P = 0.008) and class teacher (r = 0.206, P = 0.001) which are positive predictors. Moreover, knowledge had a significant positive correlation with attitude (r = 1.000, P = 0.000).

Conclusion:
Primary care physicians partnering network with schoolteachers having adequate knowledge and good attitude acts as a workforce to support cervical cancer screening and human papillomavirus vaccination.
Plethora of adverse drug reactions in geriatric population receiving statin therapy for dyslipidaemia
Authors: Padhye Mugdha R. , Yadav Nikhil S. 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Hyperlipidemia plays a major role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Statins are considered to be the most efficacious drugs in the management of hyperlipidemia and this class of drugs is most commonly prescribed for the treatment of hyperlipidemias. Although statin therapy has transformed the management of hyperlipidemia, it is associated with the skeletal muscle, neurological, and metabolic adverse effects. This study was conducted to evaluate the adverse effects of statin therapy in a geriatric population which may help in understanding whether these effects are dose-dependent.

Methods:
The study was conducted on 200 patients receiving statin therapy (atorvastatin and rosuvastatin) for hyperlipidemias. They were divided into four groups depending on the prescribed dose of atorvastatin and rosuvastatin. All study subjects were followed up for 6 months. The adverse effects reported by them during the statin therapy were documented and analyzed.

Results:
All patients reported adverse effects after the initiation of statin therapy. Headache and muscle symptoms were among the most commonly reported adverse effects. There was no serious adverse effect (SAE). None of the adverse effects led to the discontinuation of the statin therapy.

Conclusion:
The results of this study suggest that all patients receiving statin therapy experience one or more adverse effects during the therapy. The adverse effects were not found to be severe in the geriatric age group.
Effect of increased screen time on eyes during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Agarwal Richa , Tripathi Alka , Khan Imran Ahmed , Agarwal Mohit 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:
The objective of the study was to assess the effect of increased screen time on ocular health during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) crisis.

Materials and Method:
An online pretested, self-reported questionnaire with relevant details was generated through Google form and sent to participants. Chi-square or Fisher’s exact test was used to investigate the associations between the qualitative variables. The associated risk factors of number and frequency of ocular health problems were analysed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression.

Result:
A total of 435 responses were considered where 48.5% (N = 211) were female participants and 51.5% (N = 224) were male. Average age of the participants was 35 years. 89% of the participants reported an increase in the screen time during the during the lockdown period. Younger age group reported to have greater screen time than the older participants (p = 0.001) and hence experienced more symptoms of digital eye strain (DES) (p = 0.003). The most common symptoms associated with digital eye strain in our study were eyestrain 52.8% (N = 230) and headache 31.3% (N = 136). In total, 81.37% (354/435) of participants had experienced at least one symptom related to digital screen usage.

Conclusion:
DES is non-vision-threatening but discomfort caused due to it can have implications on overall physical, mental, and social well-being. The study highlights the increase in digital screen time during the pandemic and the resultant eye strain. There is need of spreading awareness regarding the adverse effects of digital device use and the preventive measures to safeguard our ocular health.