bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
De l’eau et du malt. Brasseries et consommation de bières dans quelques villes médiévales du nord de la France
Authors: Saussus Lise , Dujardin Arnaud 
Published: July 2022

La bière est la boisson fermentée la plus consommée dans le nord de la France à la fin du Moyen Âge : elle est locale, mais aussi importée et de qualités diverses. Tout en exposant les différentes étapes de la fabrication de la bière, cette contribution présente les principaux fours de brasseurs identifiés par l’archéologie dans cette région et alentour. Leurs dimensions permettent d’évaluer les volumes de productions par cuve, de plusieurs centaines à plusieurs milliers de litres brassés. Ceux-ci sont autant de sources de revenus pour les villes qui taxent le commerce de la boisson, en réglementant aussi sa fabrication, notamment pour protéger les consommateurs. Les sources écrites dévoilent l’ampleur de la demande urbaine et la topographie des établissements brassicoles comme leur nombre. En particulier à Douai, en Flandre, la riche documentation permet enfin de saisir la diversité des lieux de consommation, qui parfois coïncident avec ceux de la production de cervoise ou de goudale.
La guerre et la consommation d’alcool. Vestiges archéologiques de la Seconde Guerre mondiale
Authors: Carpentier Vincent 
Published: July 2022

Le comportement des hommes au combat est l’une des thématiques les plus originales renseignées par l’archéologie des conflits récents. L’alimentation et la consommation d’alcool participent notamment d’une éthologie spécifique aux combattants, variant avec les conditions psychologiques, réglementaires ou économiques qui régissent le comportement des nations protagonistes au cours des deux guerres mondiales. Nous proposons ici un tour d’horizon d’une recherche en cours dédiée aux manifestations archéologiques de l’alcool parmi ces nations engagées sur le « front de l’ouest » et notamment en Normandie, de 1939 à 1945. Les contenants très divers, longtemps négligés en dépit de leur omniprésence sur les théâtres d’opération, illustrent les habitudes alimentaires, la logistique ou les comportements sociaux particuliers des troupes au combat. Des nuances remarquables se dessinent au sein des objets découverts, selon les usages propres aux différentes nations (Britanniques, Américains, Canadiens ou Allemands) vis-à-vis de la consommation d’alcools. Elles mettent en lumière le rôle non négligeable et méconnu qu’ont joué les boissons alcoolisées dans la conduite et le déroulement du conflit, depuis le champ de bataille jusqu’aux vastes organisations de l’arrière ou des territoires occupés par le IIIe Reich.
La fabrique de la torture en contexte démocratique : l’antiterrorisme espagnol face aux militants basques
Authors: Lafaye Caroline Guibet 
Published: July 2022

Appréhendée le plus souvent comme un fait exceptionnel et l’apanage des dictatures, la pratique de la torture met les pays signataires des conventions internationales en contradiction avec leurs engagements. Pourtant les suites du 11-Septembre et la lutte antiterrorisme montrent que celle-là demeure utilisée par certaines démocraties occidentales telles que les États-Unis ou l’Espagne. Afin de se perpétuer sur des décennies, cette pratique a besoin de conditions, en particulier juridiques et politiques. C’est à l’analyse de ces dernières, dans le cas particulier de l’Espagne et de la lutte antiterroriste, que nous consacrerons cet article. À partir d’une analyse exhaustive des décisions judiciaires nationales et européennes produites dans le domaine et des articles de presse sur le sujet depuis 1976, nous tenterons de mettre au jour les conditions de la « routinisation » de cette pratique au cœur de l’Union européenne. Pour ce faire, nous proposerons d’abord une contextualisation de la persistance de la torture du franquisme à la monarchie parlementaire ainsi qu’un rappel de quelques faits dans le domaine. Nous envisagerons ensuite les conditions matérielles de cette pratique. Nous procéderons enfin à une analyse détaillée des conditions juridico-politiques de la routinisation de la torture dans l’Espagne démocratique.
Clinical Profile, Etiology, and Outcome of Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Patel M. L. , Shyam Radhey , Atam Virendra , Bharti Harish , Sachan Rekha , Parihar Anit 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an inflammatory process of the pancreas with varying degree of involvement of regional tissues. This was a population-based study on the incidence of AP. We aimed to determine the incidence, etiology, and outcome of AP.

Materials and Methodology:
This prospective study was conducted in the Department of Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India, on 120 patients of AP. Clinical history, examination, and laboratory investigations were done. Severity of AP was assessed using the modified Atlanta classification.

Results:
A total of 120 patients comprising of 88 men (73.33%) and 32 women (26.66%) were recruited. The mean age of study participant was 36.96 ± 13.44 years. The most common presentation was abdominal pain followed by vomiting. The leading etiological factors were alcohol in 85 patients (70.8%) and gallstones in 25 (20.8%). It was idiopathic 5 patients (4.1%). Mortality was seen in three (2.5%) patients, all of which had severe pancreatitis. Patients with body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m2, Hematocrit (HCT) ≥44% and C-reactive protein (CRP) ≥150 mg/l had an increased risk of developing a severe AP.

Conclusions:
Alcohol and gallstones were the most common etiological factors of AP, whereas HCT, CRP, and BMI were the useful predictors of severe pancreatitis.
Chemotherapy-Associated Nausea and Vomiting
Authors: Manyega Kelvin Mogesa , Joseph Benjamin Nasara , Rotkangmwa Okunlola Charity , Dapar Maxwell P. 
Published: July 2022

Background:
The management patterns for chemotherapy-associated nausea and vomiting (CANV) in Sub-Saharan African settings have not been previously reported. The objectives of this study were to describe the prescribing pattern of antiemetics for CANV, to assess their adherence to guidelines, and to determine the occurrence of CANV.

Subjects and Methods:
This was a cross-sectional study, with data extracted from the records of adult patients who received chemotherapy from 2015 to 2018 at Jos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network Harmonized Guidelines™ for Sub-Saharan Africa for Antiemesis Version 3.2018 was used to determine the extent of guideline adherence.

Results:
Records of 165 patients were analyzed. Majority of the patients (76.4%, n = 126) received moderate-to-high emetic risk intravenous (IV) chemotherapy. Out of 129 antiemetic prescriptions for acute-phase prophylaxis, ondansetron (75.2%), corticosteroids (61.2%), and promethazine (24.8%) were the most prescribed agents. In the delayed phase, 50 patients received prophylactic antiemetics in the order of corticosteroids, ondansetron, and promethazine at 74%, 34%, and 26%, respectively. Guideline adherence was low for the acute-phase (23.6%), delayed-phase (20.6%), and overall period (17.6%). Among inpatients (n = 85), occurrences of nausea were negligible, whereas acute vomiting (9%) and delayed vomiting (15%) levels were considerable. Not receiving highly emetogenic IV chemotherapy was associated with significantly lower odds for nausea or vomiting occurrence, odds ratio 0.228 (95% confidence interval 0.054–0.967).

Conclusions:
Antiemetic guideline adherence was low due to antiemetic under-prescribing. A few nausea and vomiting events were recorded predominantly among patients who received highly emetogenic IV chemotherapy.
Clinical outcome of endoscopic balloon dilatations employed in benign paediatric oesophageal pathologies
Authors: Durakbasa Cigdem Ulukaya , Ersoy Furkan , Pirim Ahmet , Oskayli Meltem Caglar 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Oesophageal dilatations can be done either by bougies or balloons for differing aetiologies in children. We investigated the efficacy and safety of endoscopic balloon dilatations (EBDs) employed by a single surgeon.

Patients and Methods:
Relevant data over 12 years were retrospectively evaluated with an ethical committee approval.

Results:
Ninety-seven children underwent 514 EBD with a median EBD of 3 (1–50). The primary diagnoses were oesophageal atresia (OA) in 51 children, corrosive ingestion in 21, peptic strictures in 13, achalasia in 8 and congenital oesophageal stenosis in 4. The balloon size varied between 3 and 30 mm. The EBD was successfully ended in 72 patients and unsuccessful in six patients. Six children are still under EBD and 13 are lost to follow-up. The overall success rate was 92%. The age at the time of first dilatation was the youngest in OA group followed by corrosive strictures. The balloon sizes differed regarding the age of the patients with larger balloons used as the patient age increased. The sizes of the balloons used at the first and the last EBD differed among diagnostic groups. The total number of dilatations or the time interval between the first and the last EBD dilatation did not show a statistically significant difference among groups. The anatomical type of OA or the height of corrosive stricture revealed no significant difference in any of the above parameters. A transmural oesophageal perforation occurred during 2 (0.4%) EBD sessions.

Conclusions:
EBD is an effective mean in relieving paediatric oesophageal pathologies with a variety of aetiologies and has a low complication rate.
Physiological effect of prone positioning in mechanically ventilated SARS-CoV-2- infected patients with severe ARDS: An observational study
Authors: Roy Avishek , Behera Srikant , Pande Aparna , Bhattacharjee Anirban , Bhattacharyya Amrita , Baidya Dalim K. , Anand Rahul K. , Ray Bikash R. , Subramaniam Rajeshwari , Maitra Souvik 
Published: July 2022

Background and Aims:
Mechanical ventilation in prone position was associated with a reduction in mortality and increase in arterial oxygenation in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients. However, physiological effects of prone position in COVID ARDS patients are unknown.

Material and Methods:
In this prospective observational study, data of n = 47 consecutive real time RT- PCR confirmed SARS-CoV-2-infected patients with severe ARDS were included. Respiratory mechanics and oxygenation data of recruited patients were collected before and after prone position.

Results:
Median (Interquartile range, IQR) age of the recruited patients was 60 (50–67) years and median (IQR) PaO2/FiO2 ratio of 61.2 (54–80) mm Hg with application of median (IQR) positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) of 12 (10–14) cm H2O before initiation of prone position. Out of those patients, 36 (77%) were prone responders at 16 hours after prone session, evident by increase of PaO2 by at least 20 mm Hg or by 20% as compared to baseline, and 73% patients were sustained responders (after returning to supine position). Plateau airway pressure (p < 0.0001), peak airway pressure (p < 0.0001), and driving pressure (p < 0.0001) were significantly reduced in prone position, and static compliance (p = 0.001), PaO2/FiO2 ratio (p < 0.0001), PaO2 (p = 0.0002), and SpO2 (p = 0.0004) were increased at 4 hours and 16 hours since prone position and also after returning to supine position.

Conclusion:
In SARS-CoV-2-infected patients, mechanical ventilation in prone position is associated with improvement in lung compliance and oxygenation in almost three-fourth of the patients and persisted in supine position in more than 70% of the patients.
Use of rotational thromboelastometry to predict the outcome of COVID-19 patients: A retrospective observational study
Authors: Kamal Manoj , Hariprasad R , Bhatia Pradeep K. , Misra Sanjeev , Sharma Praveen , Garg Mahendra K. , Kothari Nikhil , Gupta Manoj , Singariya Geeta 
Published: July 2022

Background and Aims:
The hypercoagulability occurring in COVID-19 patients is detected only by Rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM). However, the benefit of performing ROTEM in the management of disease and predicting the outcome of COVID-19 patients is yet to be established.

Material and Methods:
The data of 23 critically ill and 11 stable COVID-19 adult patients were extracted from the hospital information system admitted between July and August 2020 and patient charts and analyzed retrospectively. The critically ill patients were divided as a survivor and non-survivor groups. The Intrinsic pathway part of ROTEM (INTEM) and Fibrinogen part of ROTEM (FIBTEM) were performed on day 0 for both critically ill and stable patients, and on day 10 for critically ill patients. The statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 26 was used for statistical analysis.

Results:
The median FIBTEM amplitude at 5 min (A5) and maximum clot firmness (MCF) were elevated in both stable and critically ill patients (24 vs 27 mm, P = 0.46 and 27.5 vs 40 mm, P = 0.011) with a significant difference in FIBTEM MCF. But there was no significant difference between number of survivors and non-survivors with FIBTEM MCF >25 at day 0 and day 10.

Conclusion:
The Hypercoagulability state as detected by ROTEM parameters at day 0 and day 10 had no association with the outcome (mortality) of critically ill COVID-19 patients. Hence it cannot be used as a prognostic test. The increasing age, comorbidities and D-dimer values were associated with a poor prognosis in COVID-19 patients.
Analysis of trimodal pattern of mortality among hospitalized COVID-19 patients- Lessons from tertiary care hospital
Authors: Paul Gunchan , Gautam Parshotam Lal , Sharma Shruti , Kumar Jeevan , Gupta Apoorva , Sharma Mukul , Khehra Akashdeep Singh , Paul Birinder S. , Mohan Bishav 
Published: July 2022

Background and Aims:
Many patients with COVID-19 become critically ill and requireICU admission. Risk factors associated with mortality have been studied, but this study provides insight regarding disease progression and hence help to plan rescue strategies to improve patient outcome.

Material and Methods:
This retrospective, observational study included all patients with diagnosis of COVID-19 from March1 to June30,2021 who died in hospital.

Results:
During the study period, 1600 patients were admitted, with 1138 (71%) needing ICU care. There were 346 (21.6%) deaths, distributed as 15.8%(n = 55) within 48h of admission, 46.2%(n = 160) in next 10 days, and 37.8%(n = 131) thereafter. This trimodal mortality pattern of distribution was similar to polytrauma patients. Patients were divided into categories according to time duration from admission to death. In our cohort, 235 (14.7%) patients required mechanical ventilation, with a mortality of 85.4%(n = 201). Tachypnea was significantly (P < 0.001) associated with death at all times; however, hypotension was associated with early death and low oxygen saturation with poor outcome upto 10 days (P < 0.001). Refractory hypoxia was cause of death in all three groups, while other causes in group II were AKI (28%), sepsis (18%), and MODS (10%). Group III patients had different causes of mortality, including barotrauma (9%), pulmonary thromboembolism (8%), refractory hypercarbia (12%), MODS (13%), AKI (10%), sepsis (7%), and cardiac events (6%).

Conclusion:
While physiological dearrangements are associated with rapid progression and early death, complications related to hyper-coagulable state, lung injury, and organ failure lead to death later. Providing quality care to a high volume of patients is a challenge for all, but posthoc analysis such as air crash investigation can help find out potential areas of improvement and contribute to better outcomes and mortality reduction.
Anxiety and Depression among Caregivers of the Children with Thalassemia, Attending at Thalassemia Control Unit of a Rural Tertiary Care Medical College, Darjeeling, West Bengal
Authors: Bhandari Kallol , Gazi Eashin , Mandal Bidhan Chandra , Saha Tushar Kanti 
Published: July 2022

Background of Study:
Caregivers of the children with thalassemia often experienced a life with varied degree of anxiety and depression due the chronic illness like of their children. Mothers as the main caregivers for most of the thalassemic children suffers with different forms of psychological problems.

Objectives:
The aim of this study was to assess the levels of anxiety and depression of the caregivers of children with Thalassemia and also to find out sociodemographic factors associated with their anxiety and depression.

Materials and Methods:
Descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in Thalassemia Control Unit (TCU) of North Bengal Medical College (NBMC) from December 2018 to April 2019. Complete enumeration method was used to include 136 caregivers of children (≤12 years) with thalassemia. Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was used to assess the levels of anxiety and depression. Collected data were entered into MS-Excel and analyzed by using SPSS software program, version 22.0.

Results:
Mean age of caregivers was 34.3 (SD ± 1.4 years). Most of caregivers were female (89%) and had educational qualification up to primary school (45.6%). Majority (70.6%) of the caregivers were the mothers of the children. Most of the study participants (54.4%) had moderate depression followed by 30.1% with mild mood disturbances. Majority (69.9%) of the study participants had mild anxiety and 30.1% moderate anxiety. The median (IQR) of BDI score was 21(23–18) and median (IQR) of BAI score was 20(22–18).

Conclusions:
Early counseling, psychotherapy, appropriate treatment should be prioritized. Social support, community involvement with their full participation should be emphasized.
Dietary Pattern Assessment and Body Composition Analysis of Adult Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Attending Diabetes and Endocrine Center in Mirjan Teaching Hospital, Babil / 2021
Authors: Al-Bayati Hayder F. , Al-Diwan Jawad K. 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is an array of dysfunctions characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from a combination of resistance to insulin action, inadequate insulin secretion, and excessive or inappropriate glucagon secretion; it accounts for 90–95% of all adults. Poor glycemic control is associated with complications of diabetes, and it could be avoided by good diabetic control, where different factors such as age, gender, obesity, exercise, and education have been reported to be associated with poor control in different settings.

Objectives:
This study showed the relation of some body compositions and intake of certain food items as assessed by a 24-h dietary recall and glycemic control among the study groups.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study has been conducted on 60 type 2 diabetes patients attending Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases Center in Mirjan Teaching Hospital in Babil, sociodemographic characteristics being studied, glycemic control of patients was studied according to their HbA1c. Glycemic control was studied among patients concerning some anthropometric measures; all these were measured with the aid of an InBody device, which was used in this study. Diet was investigated among the study group by using the 24-h dietary recall method to investigate the relationship between certain food being eaten and glycemic control. Glycemic control was studied among patients in relation to the glycemic index (GI) of foods eaten.

Results:
Sociodemographic characteristics showed that type 2 diabetes was higher among people in age group between 40 and 60 years with mean age 54.75 ± 10.2 years, male gender, urban residents, married people, housewives, and people with secondary and higher education. Regarding glycemic control rate, 75% patients had poor control and 25% had good control. Poor glycemic control was statistically significant with waist circumference (P = .010 for males and P = .003 for females), waist-to-hip ratio (P = .031 for males and P = .008 for females), and percentage of body fat (P = .002 for males only). There was a statistically significant association between starch and refined grain intake (P = .000) and added sugar and other sweetened beverages (P = .003), and glycemic control but no statistical association with vegetables, fruits, and milk and its products. Glycemic control was highly statistically significant with the intake of foods with a high GI (P = .000).
Association between Gestational Hypertension and Preeclampsia with Spontaneous Prelabor Rupture of Membrane
Authors: Wenas Amal Faraj , Al-Massawi Helema Yasser 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy constitute one of the leading causes of maternal and perinatal mortality worldwide. Prelabor (premature) rupture of membranes (PROM) occurs in 10% of all pregnancies, of which 7%–8% occur after 37–42 weeks.

Aim of the Study:
The aim of the study was to investigate the association between gestational hypertension and preeclampsia with the risk of spontaneous PROM.

Materials and Methods:
This is a case-control study; 150 pregnant women with gestational age ≥20 weeks were included in this study. Eligible women were divided into three equal groups: 50 pregnant women with preeclampsia, 50 pregnant women with gestational hypertension, and 50 normotensive pregnant women. In addition, the risk of spontaneous PROM was assessed among these groups.

Results:
This study shows that 52% was primigravida in the preeclampsia group, whereas 26% in the gestational hypertension group and 38% in the normotensive group; this was statistically significant. Regarding the gestational age, 88% were full term in the preeclampsia group, 94% in the gestational hypertension, and 94% in the normotensive; there was no significant difference among the three study groups. In the preeclampsia group, seven (14%) have PROM with no significant association, whereas in the gestational hypertension group, 19 (38%) have PROM, which was statistically significant. In the normotensive group, 18 (36%) have PROM, which is also significant. The risk of PROM between each study group was compared: there was significant difference between percentages when comparing the normotensive group with the preeclampsia group (more percentage of PROM among the normotensive) and highly significant difference when comparing the gestational hypertensive group with the preeclampsia group.

Conclusion:
In this study, we concluded that gestational hypertension is associated with the risk of PROM, and preeclampsia is not associated with the risk of PROM.