bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Soil Insecticides on First Year and Continuous Corn in Oh, 1991
Authors: Willson H. R. , Eisley J. B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Planting-time treatments of 6 granular soil insecticide products and a seed treatment were evaluated on reduced tilled first year and continuous corn at the OARDC Western Branch Field Station near South Charleston. Each of the soil insecticide products was evaluated at 2 rates. A randomized complete block design with 4 replicates was used. Plots were 140 ft in length and 2 rows wide at 30 inch row spacing. Treatments were applied 10 May at planting time using a John Deere 7000 planter equipped with Noble granular insecticide application equipment. All granular treatments were applied as a band prior to closure by the press wheel. No seed treatment was used where soil insecticides were applied. Stand counts were taken 28 May and 10 Jun on 100 ft of row. Root systems of 5 plants per plot were rated 1 Jul using the Iowa 1-6 scale. On 7 Oct, plots were machine harvested to determine yield.
Control of European Corn Borer in Whorl Stage Corn, 1991
Authors: Witkowski John F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The experimental design was randomized complete block with 16 insecticide treatments and a control replicated 3 times. Single row plots were 16.6 m in length. Granular insecticides were applied with cone belt distributors mounted on a Hahn Hi-Boy. Application date was 28 Jun. Two days prior to insecticide application 6 black head ECB egg masses were attached to marked plants for later evaluation. On 27 Jul, 10 marked plants in each replicate were dissected from tassel to ground, examined, and the number of corn borer cavities recorded.
AC 303630 Bollworm/Tobacco Budworm Insecticide Trial, 1990
Authors: Harris F. A. , Furr R. E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Seven treatments were tested for efficacy against bollworm/tobacco budworm in cotton planted 18 May. Treatments were arranged in randomized complete blocks replicated 4 times (6.7 (2 rows) × 50 ft). Application was with a compressed air spray system mounted on a John Deere, model 6000 high clearance sprayer (5.5 mph, 7.3 gal/acre, 42 psi, Conejet TX-8 nozzle tips). The cotton crop was planted in a 2 × 1 skip row pattern. Treatments were arranged so that the treated rows in each plot were bordered on each side by 2 untreated planted rows and 1 untreated skip row. Bollworm/tobacco budworm larval infestation and damage observations were made by examination of the top 6 inches (terminal area) of 25 plants per plot for larvae, and examination of 25 squares from the terminal area for larval damage. Data are converted to larvae per 100 terminals and percent larval damaged squares. Since bollworm/tobacco budworm infestations in 1990 were atypically low during most of the season, only pretreatment and posttreatment means for larvae in terminals and larval damaged squares for the first application date, 10 Aug, are presented.
Apple, Early Season Insect Control, 1991
Authors: Hull L. A. , Biddinger D. J. , Felland C. M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The experimental design was a randomized complete block, with 4 insecticide treatments and a control replicated 4 times. Plots consisted of 3 trees, one each of cultivars 'Yorking', 'Golden Delicious', and 'Rome Beauty'. Test trees were planted at a spacing of 20 × 20 ft and were 18-yrs-old. Experimental sprays were applied with a Myers Mity Mist airblast sprayer calibrated to deliver 100 gpa. The first three treatments were applied at half-inch green stage (8 Apr) and the Cygon treatment was applied at pink stage (17 Apr) of'Golden Delicious' development. A regular fungicide schedule (Benlate, Captan, Nova, and Thiram) was maintained throughout the season. Post-bloom insecticides (Guthion, Lannate) were applied at 1- to 2-week intervals beginning at petal-fall in early May. A cleanup spray of Diazinon, Swat, and Tween-20 was applied after injured clusters were counted on 29 May and another application of Swat was applied on 7 Jun. Effectiveness of sprays for RAA was evaluated by counting RAA injured clusters/tree in a 10 minute sample and total number of damaged apples per tree ('Rome Beauty' and 'Yorking'). WALH density was evaluated by counting nymphs/25 injured leaves.
Late Season Control of Bollworm/Budworm, 1991
Authors: Layton Blake , Howell Mike , Head Bob 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots were treated on 22 Aug using a CO2-powered backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 9.9 gal of finished spray/acre through 8001 nozzle tips at 40 psi. The plots were 8 rows × 50 ft arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Planting date was 5 Jun, and row spacing was 38 inches. Counts were made at 4 and 7 DAT by examining 4 squares/plant, 25 plants/ plot. No rain fell on the plots prior to the 4 DAT count.
Chemical Control of Tobacco Thrips in Cotton, 1991
Authors: Roberts P. M. , All J. N. , Tanner B. H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cotton was planted on 15 May at the University of Georgia Plant Sciences Farm, Oconee Co. Soil type was a Cecil coarse sandy loam. Experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4-row plots × 25 ft long × 38 inch row width with 3 ft alleys and 4 replicates. Planting time treatments were applied above the seed in the seed furrow. Post planting time treatments were applied with a full cone sprayer using a CO2 pressure sprayer at 30 psi with a final volume of 25 gal/acre. Plants were sprayed from above 7 and 14 d after cracking (24 and 31 May). Thrips infestations were sampled on 31 May and 7 Jun by randomly selecting 10 plants in each plot and immersing them in 70% ethanol. Scheduled insecticide applications for boUworm control were made according to threshold requirements throughout the season. Sprays were applied uniformly over all treatments. The center 2 rows of each plot were harvested on 13 Nov.
Caterpillar Control on Peanuts, North Carolina, 1991
Authors: Brandenburg R. L. , Hertl P. T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Foliar applications of insecticides were evaluated for CEW control near Lewiston in Bertie Co. Plots we're established in peanuts grown under standard production practices in a light sandy soil with a pH of 5.8 and 1.1% humic matter. Each plot was 25 ft × 2 rows (36 inch centers), arranged in a randomized complete block with 4 replicates. Plot ends were separated by a 5 ft barren strip and on eacn side by 2 buffer rows. Treatments were applied on 9 Aug using a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer delivering 25 gal/acre, operating at 40 psi and using 8002 flat fan nozzles. Conditions at the time of application were overcast and 87°F. Caterpillars were sampled on 12 and 15 Aug (3 and 6 DAT) by taking 2 standard 3 ft beat cloth counts/plot. Pretreatment counts determined the caterpillar population to be 24.0/2 standard 3 ft beat cloth counts and all instars were present. Only five caterpillars were counted for analysis. All data were transformed VX + 0.5 prior to analysis.
Thrips Control in Peanuts, North Carolina, 1991
Authors: Brandenburg R. L. , Hertl P. T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
At-plant, in-furrow, and foliar-applied insecticides were evaluated for tobacco thrips control at the Peanut Belt Research Station (Bertie Co.) in Lewiston. Peanuts were planted on 36 inch rows on 13 May at approx. 100 lb seed/acre. Soil temperature was 70°F and the soil was moist (0.5% humic matter and 5.6 pH). Soil series consisted of Rains + Goldsboro sandy loam. Prowl and Vernam were used for early season weed control. Plots 2 rows wide × 25 ft long were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. Each plot was separated by 2 buffer rows, and plot ends were separated by a 5 ft barren strip. Peanuts were planted using a Cole planter, and in-furrow treatments were placed in the furrow with the seed using electric Gandy* boxes. In-furrow application of Orthene was applied by mounting spray nozzles directly behind the seed tube and connecting these to a Co2-pressurized sprayer on the planter. The sprayer was operated at 40 psi and delivered 15 gal/acre. A similar sprayer was hand held to apply Starfire 1.5 L (paraquat) at cracking on 23 May on 2 treatments. Treatments, rates, and application techniques are listed in the table. Foliar treatments were applied when damage exceeded 25% of the leaflets with injury, and applications were made following the 3 Jun sample with a backpack CO2-pressurized sprayer operating at 40 psi and using 8002 flat fan nozzles. The alternate Orthene treatment (see table) was applied on 12 Jun. Peanuts were otherwise managed under standard agronomic practices. Thrips control was evaluated by determining the abundance of damaged leaflets/ plot on 3, 7, 12, and 21 Jun. Twenty-five newly-opened leaflets per plot were randomly selected and examined for thrips damage. The number of damaged leaflets was recorded. All data were transformed . Actual means are presented in the table.
Foliar Treatments for Control of Tobacco Thrips in Peanut, 1991
Authors: Herbert D. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Efficacy of single (band, late crack) and double (band, late crack plus band, post) foliar insecticide treatments was evaluated for control of TT injury in Virginia-type peanut. Peanuts were planted 9 May with 36-inch row spacing. Band, late cracking time treatments were applied about 2 weeks after planting (24 May) and band, post treatments about 4 weeks after planting (6 Jun), both in a 12 to 14-inch band over the row with a COa pressurized backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 17 gal/acre at 22 psi through one 8004E nozzle per row. Temik 15 G was applied in-furrow at planting as a treatment standard. A randomized complete block experimental design was used with 4 replicates; plots were 4 rows × 30 ft. Treatments were evaluated by determining plant injury based on a 0-10 scale where 0 = noTT injured leaves and 10 = 100% leaves injured. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and LSD procedures.
Corn Earworm Control in Peanut in Virginia, 1991
Authors: Herbert D. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Efficacy of selected insecticides was evaluated against CEW in 'NC 7' Virginiatype peanut in Suffolk, VA. Peanuts were planted 6 May using a 36-inch row spacing. Temik 15G at 1 lb (AI)/acre was applied in-furrow at planting. Test treatments were applied on 9 Aug using a COa pressurized backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 14.5 gal formulation per acre at 50 psi through three D2- 13 disc-core hollow cone spray nozzles per row, 1 over the top and 1 on each side. A randomized complete block experimental design was used with 3 replicates; plots were 4 rows by 40 ft. Treatments were evaluated before and 3, 6, 10 and 13 DAT by comparing numbers of small, medium, and large-sized CEW larvae per 3 row ft, corresponding to lst-2nd, 3rd-4th and 5th-6th instar groupings, respectively. Pretreatment means were determined from four 3 row-foot samples per replicate taken before treatments were applied. Yield was determined by digging, combining (8 Oct), drying, and weighing peanuts from the 2 center rows of each plot. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and LSD statistical procedures.
Rice Pest Control and Effects on Predators in Thailand, 1986
Authors: Jahn Gary C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Identically designed experiments were conducted in Amphur Muang and Amphur Sribrajon of the Suphonburi province of Thailand. On 7 Apr in Amphur Sribrajon and on 15 Apr in Amphur Muang, rice seedlings were transplanted to 10 × 10-m plots at 25 × 25-cm spacing. All rice seedlings were 25 days old at the time of transplanting. At each location there were 6 treatments replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block design. Plots were separated from each other by 1.0 m wide strips of untreated rice. Blocks were 5.0 m apart. Crushed seeds of the Thai neem tree, Azadirachta indica var. siamensis Valeton, were soaked in a solution of 1.25 cc sticker-spreader/ liter water for 12 to 24 h (just prior to application) at 3 concentrations; 0.03 kg/liter, 0.07 kg/liter, and 0.10 kg/liter. Thai neem seed extracts, Azodrin (monocrotophos), and Posse (carbosulfan) were applied with a hand-pump sprayer at 5 liters per plot containing 15, 35, or 50 kg seeds/ha. In Amphur Muang, plots were treated on 7, 22 May, 6, and 21 Jun. In Amphur Sribrajon, plots were treated on 29 Apr, 14, 30 May, and 14 Jun. BPH and LYC population densities were estimated by directly counting their numbers on every other plant along one diagonal of the 5 × 5-m center of each plot. Thirty rice plants were surveyed per plot. CLH and CYR population densities were estimated with sweep net collections. Ten sweeps were made in the 5 × 5-m center of each plot.
Evaluation of Insecticides for Control of Soybean Loopers and Velvetbean Caterpillars on Soybeans, 1991
Authors: Mack T. P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This field test was conducted in conventionally planted and tilled soybeans at the Plant Breeding Unit in Tallassee, AL. Eleven treatments and a control were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Each plot was 4 rows wide (36 inch row spacing) and 50 ft long. Replicates were separated by a 15 ft alley. Treatments were applied in water on 9 Sep using a boom sprayer equipped with 1 TX 10 nozzle per row operating at 40 psi and delivering 8 gal/acre. Insect populations were monitored by taking 10 sweeps with a sweep net in each plot. Samples were taken at 1 h before treatment and at 4 and 7 DAT.
Stink Bug Control in Soybean, 1991
Authors: McPherson Robert M. , Mintarsih Tuti H. , Delano Taylor J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Eight insecticide treatments were evaluated to determine their efficacy in controlling stink bug pests in soybean. Insecticides were foliar-applied on 3 Sep in Test 1 and 16 Sep in Test 2 on 'Braxton' soybeans. The field was planted on 22 May in conventionally prepared seedbeds on 36-inch row spacings at the University of Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station at Tifton, GA. Individual plots were 6 rows by 50 ft long with 6-ft alleys at the beginning and end of plots. Each plot consisted of 4 treated rows with an untreated border row on each side. In each test there were 4 treatments, plus an untreated control, replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Each spray concentrate was applied with a CO2 powered backpack sprayer with 4 TX-12 nozzles on a 6 ft boom at 40 psi that delivered 17.4 gal of formulation per acre. Each plot was sampled prior to treatment and on 3, 7, and 14 DAT, by taking a 25 sweep sample (15-inch diam net) from a single row.
Evaluation of Bacillus Thuringiensis Products for Control of a Soybean Looper Population on Soybean, 1989
Authors: Young S. Y. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Commercial B. thuringiensis products were evaluated against a population of SL on soybean in Lafayette Co., Ark. Treatments were applied on 21 Sep with a manually propelled 4-row boom (2 nozzles per row) sprayer using TX-6 nozzles at 1.6 km/h and calibrated to deliver 96 liter per ha. A randomized complete block experiment was used with 4 replicates. Plots were eight rows with 0.98-m spacing × 32.3 m in length. Plots were separated by 2-row buffer. Treatments were evaluated at 4 and 7 DAT by shaking larvae from plants onto a 0.77 m long cloth spread between the rows. Larval numbers on the cloth were counted per 3.1 m of row. Larvae were first to fourth instars. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and LSD procedures.
Evaluation of Bacillus Thuringiensis Products for Control of a Mixed Vbc:Gcw Population on Soybean, 1990
Authors: Young S. Y. , Forschler B.-T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Commercial B. thuringiensis products were evaluated against a mixed VBC:GCW population on soybean in Lafayette Co., Ark. Treatments were applied on 26 Sep with a manually propelled 4 row boom (2 nozzles per row) sprayer using TX-6 nozzles at 1.6 km/h and calibrated to deliver 96 liters/ha. Water used for mixing insecticides had a pH of 8.4; Bactec I and Bactec III preparations were buffered to pH 7.0 using phosphate buffer supplied by Bactec Corp. A randomized complete block experiment was used with 4 replicates. Plots were 8 rows with 0.98 m spacing × 30.8 m in length. Plots were separated by a 2-row buffer. Treatments were evaluated at 4 and 7 DAT by shaking larvae from plants onto a 0.77-m length cloth spread between the rows. Larval numbers on the cloth were counted per 3.1 m of row. The ratio of VBC to GCW at application was 1:1.9 and larvae of both species were predominately first and second instars. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and LSD procedures.
Aerial Application Control of the Sugarcane Borer, 1991
Authors: White C. A. , Schexnayder H. P. , Reagan T. E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Insecticides were applied to plant cane varieties 'CP 74-383" (3 replications) and 'CP 70-331' (1 replication) at the Goldmine Plantation near Edgard, LA, for evaluation of season long SCB control. Experimental plots were 30 rows wide (1.8 m row spacing) and 152.4 m long (0.84 ha) arranged in a randomized block design (4 replications). Each treatment was applied in water using a Cessna Ag Truck with a swath width of 18 m (10 rows) delivering 18.7 liters of finished form/ha. The first application was made when 60% of the stalks exhibited visible intemodes above ground and SCB infestations exceeded the Louisiana State University recommended threshold of 5% of the stalks infested with live larvae in the leaf sheaths (17 Jun). Second (10 Jul), third (1 Aug), and fourth (21 Aug) applications were made when the SCB infestation exceeded this threshold in plots treated with Asana XL 0.66 EC. SCB damage was assessed by counting the number of bored internodes, exit holes, and total internodes from 60 randomly-selected stalks (4 locations of 15 stalks each) of sugarcane in each plot.
Aphid Control in Georgia Flue-Cured Tobacco, 1991
Authors: McPherson Robert M. , Mintarsih Tuti H. , Padgett Marion L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Flue-cured tobacco, 'Speight G-70', was transplanted on 29 Mar at the Coastal Plain Experiment Station in Tifton, GA. Production practices were carried out according to Georgia Cooperative Extension Service recommendations. A preplant incorporated tank mix of the following was applied: Tillam and Devrinol for weed control, Ridomil for blue mold control, Nemacur for nematode suppression, and Lorsban for wireworm and grub control. Fertilizer (6-6-18) was applied in a split application at a rate of 1000 lb/acre. Plots 4 rows wide (36- inch row spacing) by 20 ft long were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications of nine insecticide treatments (plus an untreated check). Treatments were applied on 13 May to control an aphid population that averaged around 500 per plant (4 upper leaves). The foliar sprays were applied with a CO2-powered backpack sprayer equipped with 3, TX-12 nozzles directed over a single row, delivering 27 gal/acre at 35 psi. Each plot was separated by an untreated border row and a 4 ft alley on each end. The number of live aphids on the 4 uppermost leaves was recorded on plants 2, 4, and 6 on row 2 of each plot prior to application and 3, 7, and 14 DAT. Aphid damage ratings also were taken on 3 Jun from each of the 8 plants in row 2 of each plot. Damage scores ranged from 0 (no visible aphid damage) to 10 (all upper leaves essentially covered with aphids, honeydew, and sooty mold). The number of thrips, flea beetles, hornworms, and budworms on plants 2, 4, and 6 also were recorded 14 DAT. On 12 Jun, the 8 plants on row 2 were harvested and yield estimates obtained. DATA were subjected to ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test (P = 0.05).
Aphid Control on Burley Tobacco, 1991
Authors: Semtner Paul J. , Litton Jame. , Brock Alle. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Ten treatments were evaluated for control of the tobacco aphid on burley tobacco at the Southwest Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station, Glade Spring, VA. Tobacco was transplanted on 23 May in plots 2 rows (8 ft) wide and 30 ft long. The soil type was an Emory silt loam. A randomized complete block was utilized and treatments were replicated 4 times. Plots were separated by single, untreated, border rows and blocks were separated by vacant 5-ft alleys. Except for insect control, production practices conformed to recommendations of the Virginia Cooperative Extension Service. On 24 May, after transplanting, transplant water (TPW) treatments wee applied to individual plants in designated plots at 8 fl oz/plant (340 gal/acre). Foliar treatments were applied on 18 Jul with a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer delivering 25 gal/acre through 3, TX-10 hollow cone nozzles/ row at 60 psi. During application, the weather conditions were cloudy and calm and the temperature ranged from 75 to 80°F. It rained 0.14, 0.72, 0.20, 0.10, and 0.44 inches at 3, 5, 6, 7, and 8 d, respectively, after the foliar treatments were applied. Aphid infestations on the upper 4 leaves of 10 plants/plot (5 plants/row) were rated on a scale of 0 to 7, where 0 = 0 aphids, 1 = 1-10 aphids, 2 = 11-50 aphids, 3 = 51-100 aphids, 4 = 101-500 aphids, 5 = 500-1,000 aphids, 6 = 1,001-5,000 aphids and 7 = more than 5,000 aphids. Counts were made on 10 Jul, immediately before application of foliar treatments on 18 Jul, and on 22, 25 Jul, 1, and 8 Aug. On 18 Jul the growth of tobacco in each plot was rated on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 = all plants dead and 10 = large uniform plants. Data were analyzed using ANOVA. Significantly different means were separated using DMRT.
Tobacco Insect Control with Systemic Insecticides, 1991
Authors: Semtner Paul J. , Reed Martha B. , Wilkinson W. B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The experiment was conducted at the VPI & SU Southern Piedmont Agricultural Experiment Station, Blackstone, VA, to test various soil, transplant water, and foliar treatments for tobacco aphid control on tobacco. Tobacco was transplanted into Chesterfield-Mayodan-Bourne sandy loam soil (pH 5.8) on 14 May. Experimental lots were 2 rows wide (8 ft) and 40 ft long and separated by single, untreated, border rows. Ten treatments were arranged in a randomized compete block design with 4 replications. Blocks were separated by 5 ft vacant alleys. Except for insect control, production practices followed recommendations of the Virginia Cooperative Extension Service. Liquid soil treatments were applied on 2 May using a CO2-pressurized tractor mounted sprayer that delivered 34 gal/acre through 8003LP flat fan nozzles at 30 psi. Treatments were incorporated by double discing. Temik was applied in 12-inch bands using a Gandy granular applicator and immediately incorporated at bed formation on 9 May. Immediately after transplanting (14 May), Orthene Tobacco Insect Spray (TIS) was applied to designated plots as a transplant water (TPW) treatment at 4 fl oz/plant (204 gal/acre) using a measuring cup. Foliar applications of Orthene were applied to designated plots on 3 and 19 Jul using a COrpowered sprayer that delivered 26.4 gal/acre of finished spray through 3, TX-10 hollow cone nozzles/row at 60 psi. Aphid numbers were estimated for the upper 4 leaves of 10 plants/plot. Tobacco was harvested and cured for yield determination. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA, SAS 1985) and significant means (P = 0.05) were separated using DMRT. Aphid data were transformed to log(x+ 1) before analysis. Actual means are presented in the table.