bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Upscaling calcite dissolution rates in a tight reservoir sandstone
Authors: Hale Sina , Trindade Pedrosa Elisabete , Jacob Arne , Reinhardt Marcel , Enzmann Frieder , Kersten Michael , Butscher Christoph , Blum Philipp 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCalcite is a highly abundant mineral in the Earth’s crust and occurs as a cement phase in numerous siliciclastic sediments, where it often represents the most reactive component when a fluid percolates through the rock. Hence, the objective of this study is to derive calcite dissolution rates on different scales in a reservoir sandstone using mineral surface experiments combined with vertical scanning interferometry (VSI) and two types of core plug experiments. The 3D geometry of the calcite cement phase inside the rock cores was characterized by X-ray micro-computed tomography (µXCT) and was used to attempt dissolution rate upscaling from the mineral surface to the core scale. Initially (without upscaling), our comparison of the far-from-equilibrium dissolution rates at the mineral surface (µm-mm-scale, low fluid residence time) and the surface normalized dissolution rates obtained from the core experiments (cm-scale, high fluid residence time) revealed differences of 0.5–2 orders of magnitude. The µXCT geometric surface area connected to the open pore space $$\left( {GSA_{{Cc,{\text{open}}}} } \right)$$

G
S

A

C
c
,
open

considers the fluid accessibility of the heterogeneously distributed calcite cement that can largely vary between individual samples, but greatly affects the effective dissolution rates. Using this parameter to upscale the rates from the µm- to the cm-scale, the deviation of the upscaled total dissolution rates from the measured total dissolution rates was less than one order of magnitude for all investigated rock cores. Thus, $$GSA_{{Cc,{\text{open}}}}$$

G
S

A

C
c
,
open

showed to be reasonably suitable for upscaling the mineral surface rates to the core scale.
Discriminative and efficient non-local attention network for league of legends highlight detection
Authors: Wan Qian , Wang Aruna , Zhang Guoshuai , Liu Le , Wu Jiaji 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWith the growing popularity of eSports, video highlight detection, which encapsulates the most informative parts in a few seconds, has become a critical part of live competition. However, learning the spatial–temporal dependency efficiently and discriminatively in video highlight detection for league of legends (LoL) is a critical problem. In this study, to address these existing problems, we propose a novel discriminative and efficient non-local attention network (DENAN) for LoL highlight detection. In particular, both spatial and temporal dependencies are learned using an end-to-end lightweight trainable framework. An auxiliary triplet loss is used in discriminative training to learn robust LoL video feature representations and improve DENAN’s performance. Our experimental results on the NLACS and LMS datasets show the effectiveness of our method in terms of performance and computation cost.
Authorization schemes for internet of things: requirements, weaknesses, future challenges and trends
Authors: Khan Abid , Ahmad Awais , Ahmed Mansoor , Sessa Jadran , Anisetti Marco 
Published: May 2022

AbstractScalable and secure authorization of smart things is of the crucial essence for the successful deployment of the Internet of Things (IoT). Unauthorized access to smart things could exacerbate the security and privacy concern, which could, in turn, lead to the reduced adoption of the IoT, and ultimately to the emergence of severe threats. Even though there are a variety of IoT solutions for secure authorization, authorization schemes in highly dynamic distributed environments remain a daunting challenge. Access rights can dynamically change due to the heterogeneous nature of shared IoT devices and, thus, the identity and access control management are challenging. This survey provides a comprehensive comparative analysis of the current state-of-the-art IoT authorization schemes to highlight their strengths and weaknesses. Then, it defines the most important requirements and highlights the authorization threats and weaknesses impacting authorization in the IoT. Finally, the survey presents the ongoing open authorization challenges and provides recommendations for future research.
Religiöse Vielfalt als Bedrohung oder Bereicherung? Ergebnisse des Bertelsmann Religionsmonitors 2017 im Ländervergleich
Authors: Pickel Gert 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungReligionszugehörigkeit und Religiosität sind auf eine andere Weise wieder in das Licht der Öffentlichkeit zurückgekehrt, als von vielen erwartet wurde. So führte die Ausreitung religiöser Pluralisierung zu Konflikten. Diese beruhen zu großen Teilen auf Kategorisierungen und der Markierung kultureller Differenz. Die 2015 mobilisierten Vorurteile gegenüber muslimischen Migrant:innen, brachten nur einen bereits vorher bestehenden antimuslimischen Rassismus an den Tag. Dies zeigen neue Ergebnisse des Bertelsmann Religionsmonitors 2017 in mehreren europäischen Ländern. Das Gefühl einer Bedrohung durch „den Islam“ erweist sich als verschärfend für diese Konstellation. Gleichzeitig erweist sich sowohl diese Mobilisierung als auch der bestehende antimuslimische Rassismus als teilweise toxische Mischung für eine demokratische politische Kultur. So wie diese Vorurteile für manche das Einstiegstor in rechtsradikale Haltungen sind, steht die mit dem antimuslimischen Rassismus verbundene Ablehnung von Pluralität in einem fundamentalen Gegensatz zur liberalen Demokratie. Dabei ist dieses Ergebnis länderübergreifend gültig, allein bestehend Variationen.
Medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction using superficial layer of quadriceps tendon autograft: A case series of three patients
Authors: Tua Lubis Andri Maruli , Refdian Menkher Muhammad Ade , Setyawan Riky 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Recurrent patellar dislocation which caused by Medial Patellofemoral Ligament (MPFL) injury could be treated by MPFL reconstruction. This study evaluated MPFL reconstruction using superficial layer of quadriceps tendon autograft with knee functional outcome.

Method:
Three patients with recurrent patellar dislocation underwent MPFL reconstruction with superficial layer of quadriceps tendon autograft. The central quadriceps tendon was harvested at the superficial layer of the tendon. Then the proximal autograft routed medially on the periosteal hinge through vastus medial muscle. Functional outcome using IKDC, Tegner-Lysholm, and Modified Cincinnati were assessed pre and post-operative.

Result:
A good stability and painless knees were achieved. IKDC score, Tegner-Lysholm, and Modified Cincinnati was improved from pre-operative to post-operative. No severe postoperative complication was recorded.

Discussion:
The superficial layer of quadriceps tendon has similar biomechanical and anatomical macroscopic attribute to native MPFL. The procedure using quadriceps tendon was simple and has fewer complication than using other autografts, such as hamstring tendon, adductor tendon, and patellar tendon. The one-year follow-up outcome of this procedure is excellent.

Conclusion:
MPFL reconstruction with superficial layer of quadriceps tendon autograft was proven to prevent patellar dislocation without deteriorating quadriceps muscle strength and produced knee stabilization with functional score improvement.

Highlights
Trends in facility-level rates of Clostridioides difficile infections in US hospitals, 2019–2020
Authors: Rose Ashley N. , Baggs James , Kazakova Sophia V. , Guh Alice Y. , Yi Sarah H. , McCarthy Natalie L. , Jernigan John A. , Reddy Sujan C. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectives:The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic caused substantial changes to healthcare delivery and antibiotic prescribing beginning in March 2020. To assess pandemic impact on Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) rates, we described patients and trends in facility-level incidence, testing rates, and percent positivity during 2019–2020 in a large cohort of US hospitals.Methods:We estimated and compared rates of community-onset CDI (CO-CDI) per 10,000 discharges, hospital-onset CDI (HO-CDI) per 10,000 patient days, and C. difficile testing rates per 10,000 discharges in 2019 and 2020. We calculated percent positivity as the number of inpatients diagnosed with CDI over the total number of discharges with a test for C. difficile. We used an interrupted time series (ITS) design with negative binomial and logistic regression models to describe level and trend changes in rates and percent positivity before and after March 2020.Results:In pairwise comparisons, overall CO-CDI rates decreased from 20.0 to 15.8 between 2019 and 2020 (P < .0001). HO-CDI rates did not change. Using ITS, we detected decreasing monthly trends in CO-CDI (−1% per month, P = .0036) and HO-CDI incidence (−1% per month, P < .0001) during the baseline period, prior to the COVID-19 pandemic declaration. We detected no change in monthly trends for CO-CDI or HO-CDI incidence or percent positivity after March 2020 compared with the baseline period.Conclusions:While there was a slight downward trajectory in CDI trends prior to March 2020, no significant change in CDI trends occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic despite changes in infection control practices, antibiotic use, and healthcare delivery.
Identifying the geographic origins of invasiveMegathyrsus maximusin the United States using molecular data
Authors: Gaskin John F. , Goolsby John A. , Bon Marie-Claude , Cristofaro Massimo , Calatayud Paul-André 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMegathyrsus maximusis nonnative in the neotropics, with a tall form that is commonly used as a forage grass and a smaller-statured form that is considered invasive in south Texas, USA. Biological control researchers are challenged to find an agent that will attack the short form, but not the desirable tall form in other parts of the neotropics. We conducted molecular analyses on 155Megathyrsus maximussamples from its native range in Africa and compared them with U.S. short-form samples to help determine the geographic origins of its invasion. We found eight distinct genotypes in 34 short-form samples from Texas and Florida, USA. The highest genetic similarity of invasive samples was with plants from South Africa, while highest matches for the desirable tall form were from Kenya, Uganda, Ivory Coast, and Zambia. Ongoing biological control agent exploration and research has found agents from Kenya that are associated with anM. maximusgenotype not well matched to the invasive short form, thus leading to a lack of rearing success. Two eriophyoid mite agents from the genetic match locality in South Africa have been evaluated but are not sufficiently host specific, as they develop on both the short and tall forms. Additional exploration is needed at the genetic match populations in South Africa to discover and evaluate potential biological control agents for the invasive form ofM. maximus.
Breaking up data-enabled design: expanding and scaling up for the clinical context
Authors: Noortman Renee , Lovei Peter , Funk Mathias , Deckers Eva , Wensveen Stephan , Eggen Berry 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Data-enabled design (DED) is a promising new methodology for designing with users from within their own context in an iterative and hands-on fashion. However, the agile and flexible qualities of the methodology do not directly translate to every context. In this article, we reflect on the design process of an intelligent ecosystem, called ORBIT, and a proposed evaluative study planned with it. This was part of a DED project in collaboration with a medical hospital to study the post-operative behavior in the (remote) context of bariatric patients. The design and preparation of this project and the process towards an eventual study rejection from the medical ethical committee (METC) provide rich insights into (1) what it means to conduct DED research in a clinical context, and (2) where the boundaries of the method might lie in this specific application area. We highlight insights from carefully designing the substantial infrastructure for the study, and how different aspects of DED translated less easily to the clinical context. We analyze the proposed study setup through the lenses of several modifications we made to DED and further reflect on how to expand and scale up the methodology and adapt the process for the clinical context.
Social isolation at the end of life: A case report of one person's journey navigating the medical landscape during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Agosta Monica T. , Tang Michael , Carmack Cindy L. , Bruera Eduardo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn addition to physical symptom burden, psychological suffering at end of life (EOL) is quite pervasive. As such, the interdisciplinary team in our Palliative and Supportive Care Unit strives to provide quality care sensitive to the physical and psychosocial needs of patients. Involving and allowing for the presence of family members is one way in which we afford our patients some additional comfort. Unfortunately, the current pandemic has placed limitations on this rather fundamental need for both patients and their family members. Here, we present a case illustrating the effects of visitor restrictions/isolation due to COVID-19 on the suffering of a patient at the EOL.Case descriptionA male in his 20s with a refractory hematologic malignancy decided to pursue a comfort-based approach to care after a rapid clinical deterioration. Due to visitor restrictions, he had to face this decision with limited support at the bedside, which caused significant distress. He was forced to choose among several immediate family members who would be at his side through his hospitalization, to be his advocate, at times his voice, his confidant, and the person to relay all information to those on the outside. He expressed a wish to be married before he died, which occurred in our palliative care unit. This life goal was one we would normally encourage those he loved to gather around him, but this was not possible. He passed peacefully two days after he was married.ConclusionAlthough social limitations are necessary to help provide safety to the patients and staff in a hospital, they can have a direct impact on the suffering of patients and families at the EOL. Helping to maintain dignity, reflect on their life, and resolve any conflicts in the presence of family members is a benchmark for providing quality palliative care. Being barred from visitation due to isolation, threatens this care and lays the foundation for complicated grief among family members. Further research is needed to help balance the needs of those at the EOL with public safety. One such measure to help ease distress is to allow for more virtual visitation through electronic measures.
Disappearance of the Polar Cap Ionosphere During Geomagnetic Storm on 11 May 2019
Authors: Kwon H.‐J. , Kim K.‐H. , Jee G. , Seon J. , Lee C. , Ham Y.‐B. , Hong J. , Kim E. , Bullett T. , Auster H.‐U. , Magnes W. , Kraft S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMulti‐instrument data from Jang Bogo Station (JBS) in Antarctica were utilized to study ionospheric responses to the 11 May 2019 moderate geomagnetic storm. These include Vertical Incident Pulsed Ionospheric Radar (VIPIR)/Dynasonde, Fabry‐Perot Interferometer (FPI), GPS vertical total electron content (vTEC), and magnetometer. The VIPIR/Dynasonde observed long‐lasting (>11 hr) severe depletion of the electron density in the F‐region ionosphere over JBS. During the depletion interval, GPS TEC also correspondingly decreased, FPI neutral temperature was significantly enhanced, and the polar magnetic field variations showed positive and negative excursions in the Y (east) and Z (vertical) components, respectively. GK‐2 A satellite, located ∼2.5 hr west of JBS, observed negative magnetic field perturbations in the azimuthal BD component at geosynchronous orbit during the depletion of ionospheric plasma. Such a BD perturbation at geosynchronous orbit is due to the field‐aligned currents flowing out of the ionosphere. From these observations we suggest that transpolar ionospheric currents connected to the field‐aligned currents flowing on a substorm wedge‐shaped circuit act as a source of polar atmospheric heating during the moderate geomagnetic storm interval and that elevated heavy molecular gases (O2 and N2) by atmospheric heating contribute to the electron density depletion via increased recombination rate.
Structural colour enhanced microfluidics
Authors: Qin Detao , Gibbons Andrew H. , Ito Masateru M. , Parimalam Sangamithirai Subramanian , Jiang Handong , Enis Karahan H. , Ghalei Behnam , Yamaguchi Daisuke , Pandian Ganesh N. , Sivaniah Easan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAdvances in microfluidic technology towards flexibility, transparency, functionality, wearability, scale reduction or complexity enhancement are currently limited by choices in materials and assembly methods. Organized microfibrillation is a method for optically printing well-defined porosity into thin polymer films with ultrahigh resolution. Here we demonstrate this method to create self-enclosed microfluidic devices with a few simple steps, in a number of flexible and transparent formats. Structural colour, a property of organized microfibrillation, becomes an intrinsic feature of these microfluidic devices, enabling in-situ sensing capability. Since the system fluid dynamics are dependent on the internal pore size, capillary flow is shown to become characterized by structural colour, while independent of channel dimension, irrespective of whether devices are printed at the centimetre or micrometre scale. Moreover, the capability of generating and combining different internal porosities enables the OM microfluidics to be used for pore-size based applications, as demonstrated by separation of biomolecular mixtures.
Plant beta-diversity across biomes captured by imaging spectroscopy
Authors: Schweiger Anna K. , Laliberté Etienne 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMonitoring the rapid and extensive changes in plant species distributions occurring worldwide requires large-scale, continuous and repeated biodiversity assessments. Imaging spectrometers are at the core of novel spaceborne sensor fleets designed for this task, but the degree to which they can capture plant species composition and diversity across ecosystems has yet to be determined. Here we use imaging spectroscopy and vegetation data collected by the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) to show that at the landscape level, spectral beta-diversity—calculated directly from spectral images—captures changes in plant species composition across all major biomes in the United States ranging from arctic tundra to tropical forests. At the local level, however, the relationship between spectral alpha- and plant alpha-diversity was positive only at sites with high canopy density and large plant-to-pixel size. Our study demonstrates that changes in plant species composition and diversity can be effectively and reliably assessed with imaging spectroscopy across terrestrial ecosystems at the beta-diversity scale—the spatial scale of spaceborne missions—paving the way for close-to-real-time biodiversity monitoring at the planetary level.
Simultaneous emulation of synaptic and intrinsic plasticity using a memristive synapse
Authors: Sung Sang Hyun , Kim Tae Jin , Shin Hyera , Im Tae Hong , Lee Keon Jae 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNeuromorphic computing targets the hardware embodiment of neural network, and device implementation of individual neuron and synapse has attracted considerable attention. The emulation of synaptic plasticity has shown promising results after the advent of memristors. However, neuronal intrinsic plasticity, which involves in learning process through interactions with synaptic plasticity, has been rarely demonstrated. Synaptic and intrinsic plasticity occur concomitantly in learning process, suggesting the need of the simultaneous implementation. Here, we report a neurosynaptic device that mimics synaptic and intrinsic plasticity concomitantly in a single cell. Threshold switch and phase change memory are merged in threshold switch-phase change memory device. Neuronal intrinsic plasticity is demonstrated based on bottom threshold switch layer, which resembles the modulation of firing frequency in biological neuron. Synaptic plasticity is also introduced through the nonvolatile switching of top phase change layer. Intrinsic and synaptic plasticity are simultaneously emulated in a single cell to establish the positive feedback between them. A positive feedback learning loop which mimics the retraining process in biological system is implemented in threshold switch-phase change memory array for accelerated training.
Fast raster-scan optoacoustic mesoscopy enables assessment of human melanoma microvasculature in vivo
Authors: He Hailong , Schönmann Christine , Schwarz Mathias , Hindelang Benedikt , Berezhnoi Andrei , Steimle-Grauer Susanne Annette , Darsow Ulf , Aguirre Juan , Ntziachristos Vasilis 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMelanoma is associated with angiogenesis and vascular changes that may extend through the entire skin depth. Three-dimensional imaging of vascular characteristics in skin lesions could therefore allow diagnostic insights not available by conventional visual inspection. Raster-scan optoacoustic mesoscopy (RSOM) images microvasculature through the entire skin depth with resolutions of tens of micrometers; however, current RSOM implementations are too slow to overcome the strong breathing motions on the upper torso where melanoma lesions commonly occur. To enable high-resolution imaging of melanoma vasculature in humans, we accelerate RSOM scanning using an illumination scheme that is coaxial with a high-sensitivity ultrasound detector path, yielding 15 s single-breath-hold scans that minimize motion artifacts. We apply this Fast RSOM to image 10 melanomas and 10 benign nevi in vivo, showing marked differences between malignant and benign lesions, supporting the possibility to use biomarkers extracted from RSOM imaging of vasculature for lesion characterization to improve diagnostics.
Cryo-EM structures define ubiquinone-10 binding to mitochondrial complex I and conformational transitions accompanying Q-site occupancy
Authors: Chung Injae , Wright John J. , Bridges Hannah R. , Ivanov Bozhidar S. , Biner Olivier , Pereira Caroline S. , Arantes Guilherme M. , Hirst Judy 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMitochondrial complex I is a central metabolic enzyme that uses the reducing potential of NADH to reduce ubiquinone-10 (Q10) and drive four protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, powering oxidative phosphorylation. Although many complex I structures are now available, the mechanisms of Q10 reduction and energy transduction remain controversial. Here, we reconstitute mammalian complex I into phospholipid nanodiscs with exogenous Q10. Using cryo-EM, we reveal a Q10 molecule occupying the full length of the Q-binding site in the ‘active’ (ready-to-go) resting state together with a matching substrate-free structure, and apply molecular dynamics simulations to propose how the charge states of key residues influence the Q10 binding pose. By comparing ligand-bound and ligand-free forms of the ‘deactive’ resting state (that require reactivating to catalyse), we begin to define how substrate binding restructures the deactive Q-binding site, providing insights into its physiological and mechanistic relevance.