bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elevation drives taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic β‐diversity of phyllostomid bats in the Amazon biome
Authors: Carvalho William Douglas , Fluck Isadora E. , de Castro Isaí Jorge , Hilário Renato Richard , Martins Ana Carolina Moreira , de Toledo José Júlio , da Silva Xavier Bruna , Dambros Cristian , Bobrowiec Paulo E. D. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimWe evaluated the relative importance of geographical and environment variables for taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional β‐diversity of phyllostomid bats along the entire Amazon biome and specifically in the lowlands.LocationAmazon biome.TaxonChiroptera.MethodsWe carried out a bibliographic review and compiled a wide and unprecedented database of 106 phyllostomid bat species at 102 sites throughout the Amazon biome. For all possible pairs of sites in both datasets, we estimated the Jaccard pairwise dissimilarity, that is, β‐diversity, considering its three dimensions—taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional—for its two components—turnover (substitution of species) and differences in species richness. The association between dissimilarity measurements and geographical and environment variables was assessed using multiple regressions on distance matrices (MRM).ResultsWe found that turnover and differences in species richness had similar contributions to the taxonomic β‐diversity. However, for phylogenetic and functional β‐diversity, lineages and functions richness differences contribute slightly more than turnover for total β‐diversity. In the lowlands, species, lineages and functions richness differences were slightly higher than turnover for all diversity dimensions. When accounting for all the sites, elevation was the main predictor of phyllostomid bats' taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional turnover. For lowland sites, ecoregions was the main (but relatively weak) predictor associated with all β‐diversity dimensions.Main conclusionsAnalysis of filtering sites according to elevation revealed that species in the Amazonian lowlands are taxonomically and phylogenetically different from species in the Andes, and present taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional redundancy between assemblages. When accounting for the whole range of distribution of bats, results showed the predominant effect of elevation over other geographical and environmental predictors. This indicates that the diversity of good dispersers such as bats is more affected by specialisation along environment and climatic gradients than by geographical barriers throughout the Amazon biome.
Inborn errors of metabolism refuse to stay‐at‐home: Experiences of a state‐wide biochemical genetics service during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Gutierrez Bea , Hertzog Ashley , Badman Susan , Tolun Adviye A 
Published: November 2022

AimThe New South Wales (NSW) biochemical genetics (BG) service in Australia developed business continuity plans (BCPs) in response to the COVID‐19 pandemic to ensure the essential service remained operational. This article aims to discuss the effects of the COVID‐19 BCPs on the NSW BG service and patient care.MethodsBCPs were developed that included charting of NSW BG service workflow and services against staff resources and clinical impact on patients. The effect of the BCPs was analysed quantitatively by reviewing key performance indicators (result turnaround time, frequency and severity of clinical incidents and laboratory nonconformities) and qualitatively from staff feedback generated by a BG laboratory‐wide survey.ResultsAlternative BCPs were implemented during the pre‐defined period March 2020 to November 2021 (inclusive), to reflect changes in COVID‐19 community transmission, vaccination rates; and health orders. Operation of our essential pathology service was maintained, with no significant difference observed in key performance indicators when compared to pre‐COVID. During the pre‐defined period of the COVID‐19 pandemic, staff reported increased levels of both work‐ and out‐of‐work‐related stress.ConclusionThe successful continuation of the BG service, with no statistically significant impact on patient care and delivery of essential services, can be attributed to strategic planning and timely implementation of these BCPs. In conjunction with the resilient and robust attitude of the staff during this ever‐changing situation, this experience has served as an invaluable tool for future disaster management planning.
Development of the Children's Body Satisfaction Scale: Its psychometric characteristics for children
Authors: Keven‐Akliman Çiğdem , Özabacı Nilüfer 
Published: November 2022

AimBody satisfaction is a key factor in children's healthy eating and self‐perception. This study aims to develop The Children's Body Satisfaction Scale to measure body image satisfaction in children, which consists of three sub‐dimensions (‘acceptance of physical appearance’, ‘weight satisfaction’ and ‘flexibility in the importance attached to the ideal’).MethodsThe study was conducted with 473 primary school students in Ankara in 2021. The mean age of the participants, of whom 44.6% were female and 55.4% were male, was 9.38 ± 0.65 (between 8 and 10 years old). Socio‐demographic Information Form, the Children's Body Satisfaction Scale (CBSS), the Children's Body Image Scale and ‘physical appearance’ and ‘general self‐esteem’ sub‐scales of the Self‐Perception Profile for Children were used for the data collection.ResultsCBSS consists of 3 sub‐dimensions and 18 items. Calculated to be 0.84, the Cronbach alpha coefficient of the scale was found to be quite high. The item‐total correlations were determined to be higher than 0.20 for all the items in the scale, and the t values of the comparison of the lower and upper 27% of all the items were significant. A high level (r > 0.70) positive and significant relationship was found in the test–retest reliability of the CBSS total and sub‐dimension scores. A positive and significant relationship was found between CBSS total and general self‐esteem and body size satisfaction.ConclusionThe validity and reliability analyses of the CBSS applied as part of the study show that it has strong psychometric properties in determining the level of body image satisfaction for children aged between 8 and 10. The sub‐dimensions of CBSS provide a comprehensive measure to understand body dissatisfaction in children and to test the effectiveness of intervention programmes.
Surgical time‐out procedures: a single centre audit of standardised surgical communications
Authors: McMillan M. W. 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveTo assess deviation from a standardised structure of surgical time‐out procedures in a multidisciplinary referral hospital.Materials and MethodsAn observational process audit was performed on a convenience sample of surgical cases. A fly‐on‐the‐wall observer assessed surgical time‐out procedures in real‐time. Pre‐induction and recovery checklists were not assessed. Observations were recorded on standardised reporting forms including a checklist and free text. Analysis was performed using a validated framework of four conceptual domains: the purpose, occasion, audience and content of the communication. Field notes were taken to allow retrospective verification of assessments. Observations were compared to a predefined standardised surgical time‐out procedure structure.ResultsTwenty surgical time‐out procedures were observed from a mixture of procedure types. Although all were performed at the specified time and place, only eight (40%) were considered to have fully achieved their purpose with potentially important sections of the communication being omitted in the others. Individuals were not ready for communication to begin in 14 (70%) and distractions occurred in 11 surgical time‐out procedures (55%). In seven surgical time‐out procedures (35%) superfluous information was communicated.Clinical SignificanceIn a busy operating theatre environment, surgical time‐out procedures may not be performed as they are intended. Communication during surgical time‐out procedures should be audited to highlight opportunities for improvement.
Selective sweeps linked to the colonization of novel habitats and climatic changes in a wild tomato species
Authors: Wei Kai , Silva‐Arias Gustavo A. , Tellier Aurélien 
Published: November 2022

Summary
Positive selection is the driving force underpinning local adaptation and leaves footprints of selective sweeps on the underlying major genes. Quantifying the timing of selection and revealing the genetic bases of adaptation in plant species occurring in steep and varying environmental gradients are crucial to predict a species' ability to colonize new niches.
We use whole‐genome sequence data from six populations across three different habitats of the wild tomato species Solanum chilense to infer the past demographic history and search for genes under strong positive selection. We then correlate current and past climatic projections with the demographic history, allele frequencies, the age of selection events and distribution shifts.
Several selective sweeps occur at regulatory networks involved in root‐hair development in low altitude and response to photoperiod and vernalization in high‐altitude populations. These sweeps appear to occur in a concerted fashion in a given regulatory gene network at particular periods of substantial climatic change.
Using a unique combination of genome scans and modelling of past climatic data, we quantify the timing of selection at genes likely underpinning local adaptation to semiarid habitats.
Radiaxial fibrous calcite forms via early marine‐diagenetic alteration of micritic magnesium calcite
Authors: Ge Yuzhu , Pederson Chelsea L. , Lokier Stephen W. , Strauss Harald , Immenhauser Adrian 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTMarine radiaxial fibrous calcites are common pore‐filling carbonate fabrics in Palaeozoic and Mesozoic carbonates, yet recent analogues are scarce. Although ancient marine radiaxial fibrous calcites are often considered a cement phase and used for palaeoenvironmental interpretations, their origin (primary precipitation versus diagenetic alteration of a pre‐existing fabric) and their specific formation processes remain ambiguous. This may be related to insufficient information from a few recent analogues and limitations of traditional methods in investigating ancient radiaxial fibrous calcites. This study documents a Holocene occurrence of marine pore‐filling radiaxial fibrous Mg calcites and focuses on their origin, formation processes and implications for ancient analogues. The radiaxial fibrous Mg calcites examined in this study share morphological and mineralogical similarities with numerous ancient marine radiaxial fibrous calcites with a Mg calcite precursor. Based on petrological and geochemical data, the radiaxial fibrous Mg calcites are interpreted as secondary porewater products formed during early burial alteration of micritic Mg calcite precursor cement. These findings provide implications for, at least in part, ancient marine radiaxial fibrous calcites in the context of the formation process and mechanism and are relevant for palaeoceanographic and palaeoenvironmental interpretations based on the presence of this carbonate phase.
Numerical Analysis of Flow and Heat Transfer Characteristics of Lattice-Based Compact Heat Sinks
Authors: Kaur Inderjot , Mujahid Shiraz , Paudel YubRaj , Rhee Hongjoo , Singh Prashant 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Single unit cell thick lattice frame materials have applications in efficient heat exchangers. This study is focused on strut-based sandwich-type configurations obtained through reticulation of unit cell topologies of tetrakaidecahedron (TKD), octet, and rhombic dodecahedron (DDC) shapes at a porosity of 0.9 with water as the working fluid. Interfacial heat transfer coefficient values on struts and endwalls were determined by imposing constant temperature boundary condition. Averaged heat transfer coefficient on the endwall was the highest for tetrakaidecahedron lattice whereas rhombic dodecahedron lattice exhibited the highest average interfacial heat transfer coefficients on the struts. Flow analysis showed the presence of strong secondary flow features on planes normal to the mean flow direction that demonstrated the unique flow mixing capabilities of these lattices. Reported interfacial heat transfer coefficient at struts and endwall can be used in volume-averaged computations of metal foams (representative of lattices' flow and thermal properties) under local thermal nonequilibrium.
Development of a New Loss Model for Turbomachinery Labyrinth Seals
Authors: Kulkarni Davendu , Mare Luca di 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The preliminary design of labyrinth seals requires fast and accurate estimate of the leakage flow. While the conventional bulk flow models can quickly predict labyrinth seal discharge characteristics, they lack the accuracy and pragmatism of modern computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques and vice-a-versa. This paper presents a new one-dimensional loss model for straight-through gas labyrinth seals that can provide quick seal leakage flow predictions with CFD-equivalent accuracy. The present seal loss model is developed using numerical experimentation technique. Multiple CFD computations are conducted on straight-through labyrinth seal geometries for a range of pressure ratios. A distinct postprocessing methodology is developed to extract the through-flow stream tube in seal. Total pressure losses and flow area variations experienced by the flow in seal stream-tube are systematically accounted for based on the well-known knife-to-knife (K2K) methodology. Regression analyses are conducted on the trends of variations of loss and area coefficients to derive the independent pressure loss and flow area correlations. These novel correlations can predict the bulk leakage flow rate, windage flow rate, and interknife static pressures over a wide range of variations of flow and geometry parameters. Validation study shows that the leakage mass flow rate predicted by this model is accurate within ±8% of measured test data. This fast and accurate model can be employed for various applications such as in seal design-analysis workflows, for secondary air system (SAS) performance analysis, and for the rotor-dynamic and aeroelastic assessments of seals.
Factors associated with racial differences in all-cause 30-day readmission in adults with cardiovascular disease: an observational study of a large healthcare system
Authors: Farmer Heather R , Xu Hanzhang , Granger Bradi B , Thomas Kevin L , Dupre Matthew E 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveTo examine factors contributing to racial differences in 30-day readmission in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD).DesignPatients were enrolled from 1 January 2015 to 31 August 2017 and data were collected from electronic health records and a standardised interview administered prior to discharge.SettingDuke Heart Center in the Duke University Health System.ParticipantsPatients aged 18 and older admitted for the treatment of cardiovascular-related conditions (n=734).Main outcome and measuresAll-cause readmission within 30 days was the main outcome. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine whether and to what extent socioeconomic, psychosocial, behavioural and healthcare-related factors contributed to 30-day readmissions in Black and White CVD patients.ResultsThe median age of patients was 66 years and 18.1% (n=133) were readmitted within 30 days after discharge. Black patients were more likely than White patients to be readmitted (OR 1.62; 95% CI 1.18 to 2.23) and the racial difference in readmissions was largely reduced after taking into account differences in a wide range of clinical and non-clinical factors (OR 1.37; 95% CI 0.98 to 1.91). In Black patients, readmission risks were especially high in those who were retired (OR 3.71; 95% CI 1.71 to 8.07), never married (OR 2.21; 95% CI 1.21 to 4.05), had difficulty accessing their routine care (OR 2.88; 95% CI 1.70 to 4.88) or had been hospitalised in the prior year (OR 1.97; 95% CI 1.16 to 3.37). In White patients, being widowed (OR 2.39; 95% CI 1.41 to 4.07) and reporting a higher number of depressive symptoms (OR 1.07; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.13) were the key factors associated with higher risks of readmission.Conclusions and relevanceBlack patients were more likely than White patients to be readmitted within 30 days after hospitalisation for CVD. The factors contributing to readmission differed by race and offer important clues for identifying patients at high risk of readmission and tailoring interventions to reduce these risks.
Social determinants of diabesity and its association with multimorbidity among older adults in India: a population-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Sinha Abhinav , Puri Parul , Pati Sanghamitra 
Published: November 2022

ObjectivesIndia, a major contributor to the global diabetes burden, is witnessing a simultaneous epidemic of obesity leading to rise in diabesity. Diabesity, the coexistence of diabetes and obesity in an individual, has emerged as a risk factor for other morbidities and hence, multimorbidity. Although diabesity has long been recognised, still, there is a poor understanding of its social determinants in India, necessary for its control. We aimed to estimate and compare the prevalence and identify social determinants of obesity, diabetes and diabesity; explore their association with other selected non-communicable diseases (NCDs) multimorbidity; and assess its outcomes among adults aged ≥45 years.Design and settingWe undertook an observational analyses employing nationally representative data from Longitudinal Ageing Study in India, 2017–2018.ParticipantsThis study was conducted among n=59 073 respondents.Outcome measuresDescriptive analysis was conducted among n=59 073 respondents to determine prevalence of diabetes, obesity and diabesity. The social determinants were assessed using multinomial regression, reported as adjusted relative risk ratio (RRR). A multiple correspondence analysis generated life satisfaction.ResultsThe prevalence of obesity, diabetes, and diabesity was 21.2%, 6%, and 5.8%, respectively. We identified women (RRR: 2.16 (1.72 to 2.71)), urban residents (RRR: 3.73 (3.07 to 4.54)) and affluent groups (RRR: 3.60 (2.46 to 4.58)) had a higher likelihood of having diabesity. The association with various NCDs showed multimorbidity to be akin to the diabesity group. We observed inferior life satisfaction and significantly higher healthcare utilisation among participants with diabesity as compared with other two groups.ConclusionIncreased obesity prevalence has led to the rise in diabesity in India. Additionally, the level of multimorbidity in this group cannot be overlooked. Rather than focusing on individual conditions, an in toto approach to multimorbidity is warranted.
Conceptualising difference: a qualitative study of physicians’ views on healthcare encounters with asylum seekers
Authors: Jahn Rosa , Biddle Louise , Ziegler Sandra , Nöst Stefan , Bozorgmehr Kayvan 
Published: November 2022

ObjectivesIn many high-income countries, structural, legal, social and political barriers to adequate healthcare interfere with the ability of health professionals to respond to the healthcare needs of a fluctuating and superdiverse population of asylum seekers. However, the relationship between individual, interpersonal and structural factors is not well understood. We explore the views and experiences of physicians working with asylum seekers in Germany and aim to identify how these may impact the provision of medical care.MethodsA secondary analysis of 16 semistructured interviews conducted in two qualitative studies was performed. These explored the delivery of medical care to asylum seekers in Germany. In order to examine physicians’ views towards their work with asylum seekers, we analysed evaluative judgements on interpersonal relationships, workplace factors, the external environment, the physician’s own self and individual medical conduct. Analysis was conducted by identifying cross-cutting themes through thematic analysis and mapping these onto a framework matrix.ResultsPhysicians perceive the provision of medical care to asylum seekers as ‘different’. This ‘difference’ is conceptualised at three levels: patients’ perceived cultural attributes, the workplace or contextual level. Evaluative judgements on patients perceived as ‘other’ and the difference of the space of care provision were found to impede appropriate care, while physicians emphasising contextual factors reported more responsive medical practices.ConclusionsConcepts of difference at patient level resemble processes of ‘othering’ asylum seekers as a ‘different patient group’, while differences in rules, norms and practices in settings of medical care to asylum seekers create heterotopic spaces. Both appear to endanger the doctor–patient relationship and responsiveness of care, while an understanding of differences attributed to context seemed to foster a more caring approach. Training in contextual competence, sufficient physical and human resources and encouraging support between physicians working with asylum-seeking patients could counteract these processes.
Effects of postharvest deficit irrigation on sweet cherry (Prunus avium) in five Okanagan Valley, Canada, orchards: I. Tree water status, photosynthesis, and growth
Authors: Houghton E. , Bevandick K. , Neilsen D. , Hannam K. , Nelson L.M. 
Published: November 2022

The timing and availability of water supply are changing in the Okanagan Valley, and the availability of irrigation water in the late summers is a growing concern. Postharvest deficit irrigation (PDI) is a strategy that can be used to reduce water demands in sweet cherry orchards; previous studies in this region have reported no change in plant physiology or tree growth with irrigation volume reductions of up to 25%, postharvest. However, the effects of more severe postharvest reductions in irrigation volume remain unknown. We compared the effects of full irrigation (100% of conventional grower practice through the growing season) with 27%–33% reductions in irrigation postharvest (∼70% of conventional grower practice) and 47%–52% reductions in irrigation postharvest (∼50% of conventional grower practice) over a 3-year period (2019–2021) in five commercial sweet cherry orchards that ranged in elevation and latitude across the Okanagan Valley, BC, Canada. In the growing season following treatment application, PDI had no effect on stem water potential or photosynthesis in any year and at any site; there were also no effects of PDI treatment on tree growth. Findings from this study suggest that postharvest stem water potentials from −0.5 to −1.3 MPa, and one-time stem water potentials as low as −2.0 MPa, have no lasting effects on future plant water status, rates of photosynthesis, or plant growth. PDI shows potential as an effective water-saving measure in sweet cherry orchards in the Okanagan Valley.