bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Purpurin suppresses atopic dermatitis via TNF-α/IFN-γ-induced inflammation in HaCaT cells
Authors: Oh Jae-Hoon , Kim Seung-Ho , Kwon Ok-Kyoung , Kim Jung-Hee , Oh Sei-Ryang , Han Sang-Bae , Park Ji-Won , Ahn Kyung-Seop 
Published: July 2022

Objective We investigated whether purpurin inhibits various pathways of inflammation leading to atopic dermatitis. Introduction 1,2,4-Trihydroxyanthraquinone, commonly called purpurin, is an anthraquinone that is a naturally occurring red/yellow dye. Purpurin is a highly antioxidative anthraquinone and previous studies have reported antibacterial, anti-tumor, and anti-oxidation activities in cells and animals. However, the skin inflammatory inhibition activity mechanism study of purpurin has not been elucidated in vitro. Methods In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory activity of purpurin in HaCaT (human keratinocyte) cell lines stimulated with a mixture of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)/Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). The inhibitory effect of Purpurin on cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, and IL-1β) and chemokine (TARC, MDC, and RANTES) was confirmed by ELISA and RT-qPCR. We investigated each signaling pathway and the action of inhibitors through western blots. Results The expression levels of cytokines and chemokines were dose-dependently suppressed by purpurin treatment in TNF-α/IFN-γ-induced HaCaT cells from ELISA and real-time PCR. Purpurin also inhibited protein kinase B (AKT), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs), and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B (NF-κB) activation in TNF-α/IFN-γ-stimulated HaCaT cells. Additionally, there was a synergistic effect when purpurin and inhibitor were applied together, and inflammation was dramatically reduced. Conclusion Therefore, these results demonstrate that purpurin exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-atopic dermatitis activity in HaCaT cells.
Optimizing the Lip Aesthetic Ratio Using Surgically Placed Silastic Implants for Lip Augmentation
Authors: Troell Robert J. 
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Lip augmentation can be achieved using dermal fillers, biological tissues (fat, fascia, scar tissue, Alloderm), and a permanent soft silastic implant. Patients choosing the permanent lip implant were evaluated for aesthetic outcome, patient satisfaction, complications, and the use of dermal fillers postoperatively. Materials and Methods: Retrospective review of lip implant augmentation was performed in a single private practice. Analysis of aesthetic outcomes, adverse effects, methodology to determine optimal lip implant size, surgical technique caveats, and the use of dermal fillers before and after lip implant placement was carried out. Aesthetic outcomes and patient satisfaction were assessed by direct patient questioning and surgeon observation. Results: A total of 100 lip implant augmentation patients with 192 implants (92 combined upper and lower lips, 4 upper lip only, 4 lower lip only) were placed by the author between May 2011 and September 2021. From a patient satisfaction standpoint, 97% were happy with the final lip augmentation outcome. There was a complication incidence of 8%, with implant asymmetry the most common. Some patients (7%) underwent dermal fillers, both polymethylmethacrylate to the vermillion border and hyaluronic acid filler to the bulk of the lip to provide additional lip enhancement. Discussion: Silastic lip implant satisfies the following factors for lip augmentation: precise, accepted by the host, modifiable, natural feel, readily reversible, and permanency. The author’s quantitative method uses primarily the “golden ratio” (1:1.62) as the most impactful metric of size determination of the upper and lower lip followed by two-third incisor dental show. Most patients (94%) used lip dermal fillers prior to surgery to assess satisfaction with lip augmentation. Our results revealed larger lip implant size placement (4- and 5-mm diameter implants) compared with the largest study published. Lip bulk augmentation with hyaluronic acid fillers injected superficial to the implant capsule may be performed safely after permanent lip implant placement to achieve the patients’ desired outcome. It is best to be an advanced filler injector and to use a microcannula for filler placement. Conclusions: The soft silastic lip implant procedure is a simple surgical procedure with a high patient satisfaction rate and low complication rate. Knowledge of lip aesthetic mathematical ratios and degree of dental show is imperative. Additional lip enhancement to lip bulk and vermillion border using both temporary and permanent dermal fillers may be performed safely after permanent lip implant placement to achieve the patients’ desired outcome.
Perceptions of Sports and Energy Drinks: Factors Associated with Adolescent Beliefs
Authors: Pfender Emily , Bleakley Amy , Ellithorpe Morgan , Hennessey Michael , Maloney Erin , Jordan Amy , Stevens Robin 
Published: July 2022

Purpose To understand what factors are associated with adolescents’ perceived healthfulness of sports drinks (SD) and of energy drinks (ED), with a focus on health risk, athletics, and media-related variables. Design Cross-sectional survey Setting Online Subjects U.S. adolescents ages 14-18 years (n = 501) recruited from a combination of non-probability and probability-based panels. Measures Outcome variables were perceived healthfulness of SDs and of EDs. Independent variables included adolescents’ health background (oral health, diabetes risk, self-reported weight); behaviors (SD and ED consumption, athletic identity, sports participation, physical activity), and media items (media literacy, exposure to advertisements on TV, YouTube, social media). Results Regression results indicated that adolescents’ increased perception that SDs are healthy was significantly associated (P<.05 level) with casual sports participation (b=.56, se=.27), athletic identification (b=.28, se= .11), exposure to SD advertisements on social media (b=.55, s =.25), and higher consumption (b=.28, se= .13). For adolescents’ perceptions of EDs, significantly related correlates included athletic identification (b=.26, se=10), having an increased risk of diabetes (b= −.79, s =.26), poorer oral health (b=.33, se=.16), and consumption (b=.76, s =.16); increased media literacy was associated with more accurate perceptions (b=−.35, se=.14). Conclusions Adolescents’ hold different perceptions about the healthfulness of sports and energy drink, and their beliefs about each drink are related to different types of factors that may have implications for public health interventions. Cross-sectional survey design and adolescent self-reports are limitations.
Applying an automated method of classifying lip morphological traits
Authors: Davies Kristian James Michael , Richmond Stephen , Medeiros-Mirra Renata Jorge , Abbas Hawraa Hassan , Wilson-Nagrani Caryl Eleri , Davis Megan Gael , Zhurov Alexei 
Published: July 2022

Objective: To apply an automated computerised method to categorise and determine the prevalence of different types of lip traits, and to explore associations between lip traits and sex differences. Design: Observational descriptive study utilising an automated method of facial assessment. Setting and participants: A total of 4747 children from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) who each had 3D facial scans carried out at 15 years of age. Methods: Each of the participants was automatically categorised regarding predetermined lip morphological traits. Descriptive statistics were applied to report the prevalence of the different types of each trait, and chi-square tests were used to investigate sex differences and associations between traits. Results: A total of 4730 individuals were assessed (47% male, 53% female). Eight predetermined lip traits have been reported previously. There were differences in prevalence for all lip traits in male and female patients (all P ⩽ 0.0002), with differences between the sexes described for each trait. For example, a deeply grooved philtrum of average width was more prevalent in boys, and an indentation near the upper vermilion border was more prevalent in girls. Each of the traits was significantly associated with the other traits (all P < 0.0001), with particularly strong associations seen between traits in the same region (e.g. upper lip). Individual associations between traits are reported; for example, a straight lip contour was found to be associated with no true vermilion border in both the upper and lower lip regions. Conclusion: The automated computerised method described is an invaluable tool for the categorisation of lip morphological traits. The prevalence of various types of traits has been described. Sexual dimorphism exists for all the lip traits assessed. Generally, each of the traits are associated with all other traits, with individual associations reported.
Effects of Integration of Social Marketing and Health Belief Model for Preventing Cholangiocarcinoma in High-Risk Areas of Thailand: A Community Intervention Study
Authors: Pungpop Siwaporn , Songserm Nopparat , Raksilp Monthicha , Woradet Somkiattiyos , Suksatan Wanich 
Published: July 2022

Introduction/Objective: To examine the effects of applying social marketing and Health Belief Model (HBM) in preventing cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) in high-risk areas of Thailand. Methods: About 2 randomized high-risk areas of CCA from multiple-stage sampling were assigned as study areas. The 150 participants were allocated to the experimental group, which received a 12-week health education program that applied social marketing and HBM. The comparison group received the usual services. Data were collected by a questionnaire created by the researchers. We employed descriptive, inferential statistics (paired t-test and independent t-test) for normal distribution, while Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) was used for mean scores differing before the experiment. Results: After the experiment, the mean scores of the perceived risk of CCA, perceived severity of CCA, perceived benefits of CCA prevention, perceived barriers to CCA prevention, and correct behaviors of CCA prevention in the experimental group were significantly higher than those before the experiment the .05 level. They were also considerably higher than those of the comparison group at the .05 level. Conclusion: This is the first study to integrate social marketing and HBM for CCA prevention. Therefore, formulating policies or measures to prevent disease through public communication will form a model to avoid CCA and create a channel for distributing useful information to the general public.
Downstream Suppliers’ Business Cycle Co-movement in Asian Value Chains
Authors: Sian Siow Hui , Kaliappan Shivee Ranjanee , Ibrahim Saifuzzaman , Naseem N.A.M 
Published: July 2022

This study assessed the bilateral business cycle co-movement between the individual downstream suppliers (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) and upstream supplier (China and Japan) in Asian value chain. The empirical findings suggest that trade intensity negatively impacted the regional business cycle co-movement, while trade linkage has positive impacts. Moreover, the impact of value chain trade on business cycle co-movement is more apparent in the short run than in the long run. JEL Classification: F15, F16
Whole-body transcriptome mining for candidate effectors from Diuraphis noxia
Authors: Nicolis Vittorio F. , Burger N. Francois V. , Botha Anna-Maria 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Proteins within aphid saliva play a crucial role as the molecular interface between aphids and their host plants. These salivary effectors modulate plant responses to favour aphid feeding and facilitate infestation. The identification of effectors from economically important pest species is central in understanding the molecular events during the aphid-plant interaction. The Russian wheat aphid (Diuraphis noxia, Kurdjumov) is one such pest that causes devastating losses to wheat and barley yields worldwide. Despite the severe threat to food security posed by D. noxia, the non-model nature of this pest and its host has hindered progress towards understanding this interaction. In this study, in the absence of a salivary gland transcriptome, whole-body transcriptomics data was mined to generate a candidate effector catalogue for D. noxia.

Results
Mining the transcriptome identified 725 transcripts encoding putatively secreted proteins amongst which were transcripts specific to D. noxia. Six of the seven examined D. noxia putative effectors, termed DnE’s (Diuraphis noxia effectors) exhibited salivary gland-specific expression. A comparative analysis between whole-body D. noxia transcriptome data versus the head and body transcriptomes from three other aphid species allowed us to define a catalogue of transcripts putatively upregulated in D. noxia head tissue. Five of these were selected for RT-qPCR confirmation, and were found to corroborate the differential expression predictions, with a further three confirmed to be highly expressed in D. noxia salivary gland tissue.

Conclusions
Determining a putative effector catalogue for D. noxia from whole-transcriptome data, particularly the identification of salivary-specific sequences potentially unique to D. noxia, provide the basis for future functional characterisation studies to gain further insight into this aphid-plant interaction. Furthermore, due to a lack of publicly available aphid salivary gland transcriptome data, the capacity to use comparative transcriptomics to compile a list of putative effector candidates from whole-body transcriptomics data will further the study of effectors in various aphid species.
Effect of annual hospital admissions of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients on prognosis following cardiac arrest
Authors: Tsuchida Takumi , Ono Kota , Maekawa Kunihiko , Hayamizu Mariko , Hayakawa Mineji 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Although the prognosis of patients treated at specialized facilities has improved, the relationship between the number of patients treated at hospitals and prognosis is controversial and lacks constancy in those with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). This study aimed to clarify the effect of annual hospital admissions on the prognosis of adult patients with OHCA by analyzing a large cohort.

Methods
The effect of annual hospital admissions on patient prognosis was analyzed retrospectively using data from the Japanese Association for Acute Medicine OHCA registry, a nationwide multihospital prospective database. This study analyzed 3632 of 35,754 patients hospitalized for OHCA of cardiac origin at 86 hospitals. The hospitals were divided into tertiles based on the volume of annual admissions. The effect of hospital volume on prognosis was analyzed using logistic regression analysis with multiple imputation. Furthermore, three subgroup analyses were performed for patients with return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) before arrival at the emergency department, patients admitted to critical care medical centers, and patients admitted to extracorporeal membrane oxygenation-capable hospitals.

Results
Favorable neurological outcomes 30 days after OHCA for patients overall showed no advantage for medium- and high-volume centers over low-volume centers; Odds ratio (OR) 0.989, (95% Confidence interval [CI] 0.562-1.741), OR 1.504 (95% CI 0.919-2.463), respectively. However, the frequency of favorable neurological outcomes in OHCA patients with ROSC before arrival at the emergency department at high-volume centers was higher than those at low-volume centers (OR 1.955, 95% CI 1.033-3.851).

Conclusion
Hospital volume did not significantly affect the prognosis of adult patients with OHCA. However, transport to a high-volume hospital may improve the neurological prognosis in OHCA patients with ROSC before arrival at the emergency department.
Who would avoid severe adverse events from nasointestinal tube in small bowel obstruction? A matched case–control study
Authors: Wang Hui , Zhang Jun-rong , Chen Shuai , Hou Ping , Chen Qing-feng , Weng Zong-qi , Shang-guan Xin-chang , Lin Bing-qiang , Chen Xian-qiang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundNasointestinal tubes (NITs) have been increasingly used in patients with small bowel obstruction (SBO); However, severe adverse events (SAEs) of NITs might threaten the lives of patients. The indications of NITs need to be identified. This study was designed to explore the indications for the insertion of NITs in patients with SBO and to suggest the optimal strategies for individuals based on the outcomes of SAEs.MethodsAfter propensity score matching, 68 pairs were included (Success group and failure group). The occurrence of SAEs and the clinical parameters were compared between the SAE group and the non-SAE group. Independent risk factors were evaluated among the subgroups. A novel scoring system was established to detect the subgroups that would benefit from NITs insertion.ResultsSuccessful implementation of NITs could avoid hypochloremia (p = 0.010), SAEs (p = 0.001), pneumonia (p = 0.006). SAEs occurred in 13 of 136 (9.6%) patients who accepted NITs insertion treatment. Risk factors for SAEs included tumors (p = 0.002), reduced BMI (p = 0.048), reduced hemoglobin (p = 0.001), abnormal activated partial thromboplastin time (p = 0.015) and elevated white blood cells (p = 0.002). A novel risk scoring system consists of hemoglobin before NITs insertion (95% CI 0.685, 0.893) and bowel obstruction symptoms relieved after NITs insertion (95% CI 0.575, 0.900) had the highest area under curve for predicting the occurrence of SAEs. We divided the risk score system into 3 grades, with the increasing grades, the rates of SAEs surged from 1.3% (1/74) to (6/11) 54.5%.ConclusionNITs successfully insertion could avoid SAEs occurrence in SBO conservative treatment. SBO patients without anemia and could be relieved after NITs insertion could be the potential benefit group for this therapy.
Comparison of the prevalence of kidney disease by proteinuria and decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate determined using three creatinine-based equations among patients admitted on medical wards of Masaka Regional Referral Hospital in Uganda: a prospective study
Authors: Ronny SSenabulya F. , Joaniter Nankabirwa I. , Robert Kalyesubula , Bonnie Wandera , Bruce Kirenga , James Kayima , Posiano Ocama , Peace Bagasha 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Despite estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) being the best marker for kidney function, there are no studies in sub-Saharan Africa comparing the performance of various equations used to determine eGFR. We compared prevalence of kidney disease determined by proteinuria of ≥  + 1 and or kidney disease improving global outcomes (KDIGO) eGFR criteria of < 60 ml/minute/1.73m2 determined using three creatinine-based equations among patients admitted on medical ward of Masaka Regional Referral Hospital.

Methods
This was a prospective study conducted among adult patients admitted on medical wards between September 2020 to March 2021. Spot urine samples were collected to assess for proteinuria and blood samples were collected to assess serum creatinine levels. Kidney disease was defined as proteinuria of ≥ 1 + on spot urine dipstick and or KDIGO eGFR criteria of < 60 ml/minute/1.73m2. Estimated glomerular filtration rate was calculated using three creatinine-based equations: a) Full Age Spectrum equation (FAS), b) chronic kidney disease-Epidemiology collaboration (CKD-EPI) 2021 equation, c) CKD EPI 2009 (without and with race factor) equation. CKD was determined after followed up at 90 days post enrollment to determine the chronicity of proteinuria of ≥  + 1 and or KDIGO eGFR criteria of < 60mls /minute/1.73m2. We also compared prevalence of CKD determined by KDIGO eGFR criteria of < 60mls /minute/1.73m2 vs age adapted eGFR threshold criteria for defining CKD.

Results
Among the 357 patients enrolled in the study, KDIGO eGFR criteria of < 60mls / minute determined using FAS and CKD-EPI 2009 without race factor equations and or proteinuria of ≥  + 1 showed the highest overall prevalence of kidney disease at 27.2%.
Prevalence of confirmed CKD at 90 days was highest with proteinuria ≥  + 1 and or KDIGO eGFR criteria of < 60mls/min determined using CKD EPI 2009 without race factor Equation (15.1%).

Conclusions
Use of KDIGO eGFR criteria of < 60mls / minute /1.73m2 using FAS and CKD-EPI 2009 without race equations identifies the largest number of patients with CKD. Health care systems in sub-Saharan Africa should calculate eGFR using FAS equations or CKD-EPI 2009 without race equations during basic screening and management protocols.
Garbage codes in the Norwegian Cause of Death Registry 1996–2019
Authors: Ellingsen Christian Lycke , Alfsen G. Cecilie , Ebbing Marta , Pedersen Anne Gro , Sulo Gerhard , Vollset Stein Emil , Braut Geir Sverre 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Reliable statistics on the underlying cause of death are essential for monitoring the health in a population. When there is insufficient information to identify the true underlying cause of death, the death will be classified using less informative codes, garbage codes. If many deaths are assigned a garbage code, the information value of the cause-of-death statistics is reduced. The aim of this study was to analyse the use of garbage codes in the Norwegian Cause of Death Registry (NCoDR).

Methods
Data from NCoDR on all deaths among Norwegian residents in the years 1996–2019 were used to describe the occurrence of garbage codes. We used logistic regression analyses to identify determinants for the use of garbage codes. Possible explanatory factors were year of death, sex, age of death, place of death and whether an autopsy was performed.

Results
A total of 29.0% (290,469/1,000,128) of the deaths were coded with a garbage code; 14.1% (140,804/1,000,128) with a major and 15.0% (149,665/1,000,128) with a minor garbage code. The five most common major garbage codes overall were ICD-10 codes I50 (heart failure), R96 (sudden death), R54 (senility), X59 (exposure to unspecified factor), and A41 (other sepsis). The most prevalent minor garbage codes were I64 (unspecified stroke), J18 (unspecified pneumonia), C80 (malignant neoplasm with unknown primary site), E14 (unspecified diabetes mellitus), and I69 (sequelae of cerebrovascular disease).
The most important determinants for the use of garbage codes were the age of the deceased (OR 17.4 for age ≥ 90 vs age < 1) and death outside hospital (OR 2.08 for unknown place of death vs hospital).

Conclusion
Over a 24-year period, garbage codes were used in 29.0% of all deaths. The most important determinants of a death to be assigned a garbage code were advanced age and place of death outside hospital. Knowledge of the national epidemiological situation, as well as the rules and guidelines for mortality coding, is essential for understanding the prevalence and distribution of garbage codes, in order to rely on vital statistics.