bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growth Hormone and Thyroid Function in Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Undergoing Drug Therapy
Authors: Wang Liang-Jen , Huang Ying-Hua , Chou Wen-Jiun , Lee Sheng-Yu 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Context
The trends in hormone indices of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) who received long-term medication treatment remains controversial.

Objective
This prospective study aimed to examine the changes in the growth hormone and thyroid hormone systems among children with ADHD undergoing various medication treatments.

Methods
In total, 118 children who were diagnosed with ADHD and were drug-naive were observed naturalistically over 12 months. Of them, 22 did not receive any medication, while 39, 40, and 17 were treated with low doses of short-acting methylphenidate (MPH) (14 ± 6.7 mg/day), osmotic-release oral system (OROS) long-acting MPH (32 ± 9.6 mg/day), and atomoxetine (29.2 ± 9.7 mg/day), respectively. Blood samples were obtained at both the baseline and the endpoint (month 12) to measure serum levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), IGF binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3), prolactin, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and free T4.

Results
Trends for IGF-1, IGFBP-3, prolactin, TSH, T3, T4, and free T4 levels were similar among the 4 groups. Changes in serum levels of IGF-1 were positively correlated with changes in height and weight of all the children with ADHD. However, patients who received MPH treatment had less body weight gain than the nonmedicated group. The ratio of MPH doses to body weight was inversely correlated with the increment in height.

Conclusion
There were no changes in thyroid or growth hormones associated with the low doses of ADHD medications used in this study within 1 year’s duration. Nonetheless, patients’ growth and the appropriateness of drug dosage should be closely monitored.
Breathing versus feeding in the Pacific hagfish
Authors: Eom Junho , Lauridsen Henrik , Wood Chris M. 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTHagfish represent the oldest extant connection to the ancestral vertebrates, but their physiology is not well understood. Using behavioural (video), physiological (respirometry, flow measurements), classical morphological (dissection, silicone injection) and modern imaging approaches (micro-MRI, DICE micro-CT), we examined the interface between feeding and the unique breathing mechanism (nostril opening, high-frequency velum contraction, low-frequency gill pouch contraction and pharyngo-cutaneous duct contraction) in the Pacific hagfish, Eptatretus stoutii. A video tour via micro-MRI is presented through the breathing and feeding passages. We have reconciled an earlier disagreement as to the position of the velum chamber, which powers inhalation through the nostril, placing it downstream of the merging point of the food and water passage, such that the oronasal septum terminates at the anterior end of the velum chamber. When feeding occurs by engulfment of large chunks by the dental plates, food movement through the chamber may transiently interfere with breathing. Swallowing is accelerated by peristaltic body undulation involving the ventral musculature, and is complete within 5 s. After a large meal (anchovy, 20% body mass), hagfish remain motionless, defaecating bones and scales at 1.7 days and an intestinal peritrophic membrane at 5 days. O2 consumption rate approximately doubles within 1 h of feeding, remaining elevated for 12–24 h. This is achieved by combinations of elevated O2 utilization and ventilatory flow, the latter caused by varying increases in velar contraction frequency and stroke volume. Additional imaging casts light on the reasons for the trend for greater O2 utilization by more posterior pouches and the pharyngo-cutaneous duct in fasted hagfish.
Risk factors of cervical cancer and role of primary healthcare providers regarding PAP smears counseling: Case control study
Authors: Sadia Halima , Shahwani Irfan Murtaza , BANA Kiran Fatima Mehboob Ali 
Published: March 2022

Objectives: To determine risk factors of cervical cancer and role of healthcare providers regarding awareness and counseling of PAP-smear.
Methods: It was case-control study conducted from Jan-2021 till may-2021 at two tertiary care hospitals of Karachi South. The intended sample size was 255 subjects as 105 cases and 150 controls. The inclusion criteria were diagnosed cases of CA Cervix and under the age of 50 years. Controls were recruited from the general population. All the data were entered into SPSS version 23. The odds ratio was calculated to compare the risks of occurring CA cervix among cases and controls. The relationship of risk factors was assessed by binary logistic regression. P-value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.
Results: Generally, highly significant p-value (<0.000) was observed; depicted a positive association for a level of education, age at first intercourse, and number of parity in cases of CA cervix and controls (OR=4.3). The correct predicted rate was 68.8% for having CA cervix among controls due to family history, the knowledge of PAP smear screening, ever counseled for a PAP smear, ever tested for a PAP smear, never been tested for PAP smear due to cost.
Conclusion: Educational level, age at first intercourse, number of parity was the risk factors of CA cervix. Family history of CA Cervix, knowledge of cervical cancer screening, ever counseled for PAP smear, ever tested for PAP smear, never been tested for PAP smear due to cost were significantly predicted for CA cervix among controls.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.4.4969
How to cite this:Sadia H, Shahwani IM, BANA KFM. Risk factors of cervical cancer and role of primary healthcare providers regarding PAP smears counseling: Case control study. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(4):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.4.4969
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Comparison of proximal femoral nail antirotation and total hip arthroplasty in the treatment of femoral intertrochanteric fracture
Authors: Li Xuejun , Xu Jian 
Published: March 2022

Objectives: To investigate the effects of proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA) and total hip arthroplasty for the treatment of femoral intertrochanteric fractures.
Methods: Clinical data from 110 femoral intertrochanteric fracture patients treated at our hospital between January 2019 and July 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. Patients were divided into two groups based on the type of surgical intervention used. One group included patients (n= 59) who had undergone PFNA internal fixation and another group (n=51) included patients who had undergone total hip arthroplasty. Perioperative situation, joint function progression, and complication incidence were assessed.
Results: Total hip arthroplasty group was associated with longer operation durations, longer incisions, and more intraoperative blood loss than PFNA group (P<0.05). Joint function and pain scores in the total hip arthroplasty group were superior than PFNA group (P<0.05). The Harris score of total hip arthroplasty group was significantly higher than that of PFNA group at three, six and 12 months after operation (P<0.05). The rate of complications in patients after total hip arthroplasty was lower than that of PFNA group (P<0.05) within 12 months of the surgery.
Conclusion: PFNA and total hip arthroplasty can both achieve good results for treatment of femoral intertrochanteric fractures. PFNA offers less trauma and shorter operations, while total hip arthroplasty offers advantages in terms of more rapid limb function improvements and shorter rehabilitation processes. The two kinds of surgery have advantages, and the clinical needs to have a careful look at various factors and choose the appropriate operation method.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.4.5830
How to cite this:Li X, Xu J. Comparison of proximal femoral nail antirotation and total hip arthroplasty in the treatment of femoral intertrochanteric fracture. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(4):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.4.5830
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Full-Stokes polarimetric measurements and imaging using a fractal superconducting nanowire single-photon detector
Authors: Hu Nan , Meng Yun , Zou Kai , Feng Yifan , Hao Zifan , Steinhauer Stephan , Gyger Samuel , Zwiller Val , Hu Xiaolong 
Published: March 2022

Measuring the states of polarization (SoP) of light is fundamentally important for applications ranging from communication, sensing, spectroscopy, imaging, to navigation. Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) are ideal detectors of choice for faint-light detection and measurements, but SNSPDs themselves cannot resolve the SoP of photons. Here, based on a fractal SNSPD, we demonstrate a full-Stokes polarimetric measurement system that can measure arbitrary SoP of faint light. The measured SoPs are in excellent agreement with those of a state-of-the-art commercial polarimeter, but the sensitivity of our system reaches

−

86.6

d
B
m

, which is 26.6 dB better than that of the commercial counterpart. As a direct application, we further demonstrate remote polarimetric imaging (i.e., polarimetric LiDAR) with a complete set of polarimetric contrast.
Prevalence rate and risk factors of human cystic echinococcosis: A cross-sectional, community-based, abdominal ultrasound study in rural and urban north-central Chile
Authors: Acosta-Jamett Gerardo , Hernández Felipe A. , Castro Natalia , Tamarozzi Francesca , Uchiumi Leonardo , Salvitti Juan Carlos , Cueva Michelle , Casulli Adriano 
Published: March 2022

Background
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) caused by Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l.) is a neglected and underdiagnosed parasitic zoonosis that has a significant socioeconomic impact on rural communities relying on livestock farming. CE is endemic across Latin America, including Chile, where the Coquimbo region exhibits a relatively high record of hospital-based human cases and infected animals. However, the incidence of hospitalized CE cases may underestimate the real burden of infection in a population, since the majority of cases never reach medical attention or official disease records.

Methodology/Principal findings
In 2019, a cross-sectional, community-based study was conducted with the objectives of estimating for the first time the prevalence of human abdominal CE using abdominal ultrasound (US) screening in volunteers residing in urban and rural localities of the Monte Patria municipality located in Limarí province, Coquimbo region, Chile, and identifying the risk factors associated with human infection. Pre-screening activities included a 16-h lecture/hands-on training aimed at rural physicians that focused on the diagnosis of CE by US, based on current WHO recommendations. A total of 2,439 (~8% of municipality inhabitants) people from thirteen target localities were screened by abdominal US in June-July 2019. We found an overall CE prevalence of 1.6% (95% CI 1.1–2.2) with a significantly higher likelihood of infection in rural localities, older age classes and people drinking non-potable water; 84.6% of infected volunteers were newly diagnosed with CE. Cysts were either in active or inactive stages in equal proportions; active cysts were detected in all age classes, while 95.7% of inactive cysts occurred in >40 years-old subjects.

Conclusions/Significance
This is the first US survey aimed at detecting human infection caused by Echinococcus granulosus s.l. in Chile. Our findings indicate a high CE prevalence in the area, and contribute to define the demographic and behavioral risk factors promoting the transmission of the parasitic infection within target communities. Our results support the implementation of cost-effective strategies for the diagnosis, treatment and control of CE, and the need to improve the epidemiological surveillance system in Chile.
Partograph utilization and associated factors among obstetric care givers in governmental health institutions of Jigjiga and Degehabur towns, Somali region, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Ayehubizu Liyew Mekonen , Tibebeu Abebe Tadesse , Fetene Metsihet Tariku , Yohannes Semehal Haile , Yadita Zemenu Shiferaw 
Published: March 2022

Background
Partograph is a simple, inexpensive & economical tool that provides a continuous graphical overview of labour and prevents prolonged and obstructed labor. The purpose of the study is to assess partograph utilization and associated factors among obstetric care givers in governmental health institutions of Jigjiga and Degehabur Towns, Somali Region, Ethiopia.

Methods
An institution based cross-sectional quantitative study was carried out among obstetric care givers who were working in governmental health institutions. Systematic random sampling with proportional to size allocation was used to recruit a total of 235 study participants. Self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data in this study. Three data collectors and one supervisor were recruited and trained to facilitate the data collection activities. Data were entered into Epi data software and exported into SPSS (23.0) for analysis. Descriptive statistics, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression were computed to determine proportions and significant association with partograph utilization among obstetric care givers.

Result
Less than half of obstetric care givers, 41% (95%CI: 34.5–46.9) had good partograph utilization to monitor progress of labor. Being female [AOR = 2.36, 95%CI:(1.03–5.44)], availability of partograph [AOR = 4.633, 95%CI: (1.698–12.640)], having good knowledge [AOR = 6.90, 95%CI:(2.62–18.18)], receiving on job training [AOR = 15.46, 95%CI:(6.95–34.42)] and positive attitude towards partograph [AOR = 2.99, 95%CI:(1.25–7.14)] were significantly associated with partograph utilization.

Conclusion
Partograph utilization in this study was low. Especial emphasizes and interventions should be given to periodic on job training that improve knowledge and attitude of obstetric care givers to increase partograph utilization.
Rates of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-associated hospitalization among adults with congestive heart failure—United States, 2015–2017
Authors: Kujawski Stephanie A. , Whitaker Michael , Ritchey Matthew D. , Reingold Arthur L. , Chai Shua J. , Anderson Evan J. , Openo Kyle P. , Monroe Maya , Ryan Patricia , Bye Erica , Como-Sabetti Kathryn , Barney Grant R. , Muse Alison , Bennett Nancy M. , Felsen Christina B. , Thomas Ann , Crawford Courtney , Talbot H. Keipp , Schaffner William , Gerber Susan I. , Langley Gayle E. , Kim Lindsay 
Published: March 2022

Background
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) can cause severe disease in adults with cardiopulmonary conditions, such as congestive heart failure (CHF). We quantified the rate of RSV-associated hospitalization in adults by CHF status using population-based surveillance in the United States.

Methods
Population-based surveillance for RSV (RSV-NET) was performed in 35 counties in seven sites during two respiratory seasons (2015–2017) from October 1–April 30. Adults (≥18 years) admitted to a hospital within the surveillance catchment area with laboratory-confirmed RSV identified by clinician-directed testing were included. Presence of underlying CHF was determined by medical chart abstraction. We calculated overall and age-stratified (<65 years and ≥65 years) RSV-associated hospitalization rates by CHF status. Estimates were adjusted for age and the under-detection of RSV. We also report rate differences (RD) and rate ratios (RR) by comparing the rates for those with and without CHF.

Results
2042 hospitalized RSV cases with CHF status recorded were identified. Most (60.2%, n = 1230) were ≥65 years, and 28.3% (n = 577) had CHF. The adjusted RSV hospitalization rate was 26.7 (95% CI: 22.2, 31.8) per 10,000 population in adults with CHF versus 3.3 (95% CI: 3.3, 3.3) per 10,000 in adults without CHF (RR: 8.1, 95% CI: 6.8, 9.7; RD: 23.4, 95% CI: 18.9, 28.5). Adults with CHF had higher rates of RSV-associated hospitalization in both age groups (<65 years and ≥65 years). Adults ≥65 years with CHF had the highest rate (40.5 per 10,000 population, 95% CI: 35.1, 46.6).

Conclusions
Adults with CHF had 8 times the rate of RSV-associated hospitalization compared with adults without CHF. Identifying high-risk populations for RSV infection can inform future RSV vaccination policies and recommendations.
ANALISIS FENOMENOLOGIS INTERPRETATIF TENTANG DEFINISI BULLYING DAN HARGA DIRI BAGI KORBAN BULLYING
Authors: Almira Nabila Sella , Marheni Adijanti 
Published: March 2022

The phenomenon that often occurs in schools is bullying, but there are rarely research on the definition of bullying. Volt et al (2014) found that the definition of bullying that commonly used in Western is shaky and doesn’t clearly describe the phenomenon itself. Research on the meaning of bullying in Indonesia itself hasn’t been done yet. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to fill in by focusing on the meaning of bullying and self-esteem from the victim's view. Purposive sampling was used to gather the samples. This study used interpretative phenomenological analysis to analyse the data. In this study, we can see that from the victims’ perspective, bullying is a dangerous act done by the perpetrators and can negatively affect the victims in a long run. This study could be useful for psychology in social, developmental, educational, clinical, or forensic field to understand the meaning of bullying and self-esteem.Keywords: bullying, self-esteem, psychological impact, the definition of bullying, the definition of self-esteemFenomena kekerasan yang sering terjadi di sekolah adalah bullying, tetapi penelitian mengenai definisi bullying masing jarang ditemukan. Penelitian di Barat mengemukakan definisi bullying yang umum digunakan sekarang sangat lemah dan belum menggambarkan secara jelas fenomena ini. Penelitian mengenai makna bullying di Indonesia sendiri belum pernah dilakukan. Maka dari itu, tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengisi kekosongan tersebut dengan mencari makna kata bullying dan harga diri dari sudut pandang korban. Sampling purposif digunakan untuk mencari narasumber. Wawancara dilaksanakan semi-terstruktur, dimana transkrip wawancara menggunakan interpretative phenomenological analysis. Ada enam tema yang ditemukan, yaitu: (1) bentuk perilaku bullying, (2) pandangan korban mengenai pelaku, (3) dampak bullying, (4) reaksi orang dewasa mengenai bullying, (5) perkembangan diri, dan (6) makna kata bullying dan harga diri. Temuan dalam penelitian ini bisa menjadi masukan bagi psikologi sosial, psikologi perkembangan, psikologi pendidikan, psikologi klinis, dan psikologi forensik dalam memahami pemaknaan kata bullying dan harga diri. Kata Kunci: bullying, harga diri, dampak bullying, definisi bullying, definisi harga diri
PERAN GRIT TERHADAP BURNOUT DENGAN MODERATOR PERBEDAAN JENIS KELAMIN PADA PEGAWAI NEGERI SIPIL
Authors: Puspita Agasari , Kusumaputri Erika Setyani 
Published: March 2022

In the pandemic era, health services is the main focus, so that employees at the Health Office are at the forefront who are more prone to Burnout. This study aims to determine the role of Grit on Burnout moderated by sex differences in civil servants. The measuring instruments in this research are the Burnout scale and the Grit scale. The sample in this study are 159 respondents based on quota sampling technique. Respondents are Civil Servants of The Health and Family Planning Office of Madiun City with a minimum educational level of Diploma. The quantitative analysis in this study used the Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) method for hypothesis testing. The results find out that the hypothesis in this study is accepted (p <0.01), there is a negative role of Grit towards Burnout, that role contributes stronger in women than men. The contribution of Grit on Burnout for women civil servants is 48.6%, while for men civil servants is 48.1%. The higher one's Grit then the Burnout become lower and the contribution is stronger in women compared to men.Keywords: Grit, Burnout, sex, MRA, Civil Servants Di era pandemi, pelayanan kesehatan menjadi fokus utama sehingga pegawai pada Dinas Kesehatan menjadi garda terdepan yang lebih rentan mengalami Burnout. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran Grit terhadap Burnout dengan moderator perbedaan jenis kelamin pada Pegawai Negeri Sipil. Alat ukur yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu Skala Burnout dan Skala Grit. Sampel penelitian ini berjumlah 159 responden dengan teknik pengambilan kuota sampel. Responden merupakan Pegawai Negeri Sipil Dinas Kesehatan dan Keluarga Berencana Kota Madiun dengan kriteria tingkat pendidikan minimal Diploma. Analisis kuantitatif dalam penelitian ini yaitu menggunakan metode Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) untuk pengujian hipotesis. Hasil menyatakan bahwa hipotesis dalam penelitian ini diterima (p<0,01) yakni ada peranan negatif dari Grit terhadap Burnout, peranan tersebut berkontribusi lebih kuat pada perempuan dibandingkan pada laki-laki. Kontribusi Grit terhadap Burnout pada PNS perempuan sebesar 48,6%, sedangkan pada PNS laki-laki sebesar 48,1%. Semakin tinggi Grit seseorang, maka Burnout semakin rendah dan kontribusinya lebih kuat pada perempuan dibandingkan pada laki-laki.Kata Kunci: grit, burnout, jenis kelamin, Pegawai Negeri Sipil