bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Carrying the black pot”: Food safety and risk in China's reactive regulatory state
Authors: Wang Li , Demeritt David , Rothstein Henry 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper explores the struggles of China's party‐state to address chronic food safety problems by adopting international best practices of risk‐based regulation. Despite formally adopting risk‐based approaches for targeting inspections and enforcement in 2002, implementation has been halting and uneven, as we show in the first analysis of risk‐based regulation beyond its OECD heartlands. Drawing on policy document analysis and 36 key informant interviews with food business operators and government officials working on food safety regulation at every level of the state, we identify contradictions between official commitments to risk‐based inspection and top‐down demands for zero tolerance and strict accountability, which leave local inspectors preoccupied with avoiding blame more than reducing safety risks. Our analysis advances recent scholarship on regulatory states of the global South by highlighting how risk‐based ideas, instruments, and practices are refracted through the distinctive norms and style of China's reactive regulatory state.
Uncovering the verticality and temporality of environmental policy mixes: The case of agricultural residue recycling in China
Authors: Chen Xieao , Huang Ping , Xiao Zhenhong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn the face of unprecedented ecological crises, a consensus has been consolidated in the global community to fundamentally alter current modes of economic growth and patterns of resource allocation, in pursuit of a low‐carbon transition. Environmental governance plays an important instrumental role in this global agenda. The policy mix framework has emerged as a holistic approach to the design and analysis of environmental policies. A policy mix encompasses different dimensions, featuring not only the horizontality but also the verticality and temporality of interactions. Nevertheless, existing literature on environmental policy mixes focuses on the horizontal interactions, and very few studies have systematically explored the vertical and temporal interactions of policy mixes. Drawing upon the case of agricultural residue recycling in China, this study captures the evolution of both the narrative temporality and the verticality of environmental policy mixes. More importantly, the changing political narratives around residue recycling exert an intangible but significant influence on the vertical interactions between multilevel governments in both policy making and policy implementation, in which institutional and organizational arrangements constitute a key operational and mediating mechanism to manage vertical coordination. The study finally proposes three avenues for future research on environmental policy mixes.
Increased proportions of inflammatory T cells and their correlations with cytokines and clinical parameters in patients with ankylosing spondylitis from northern Sweden
Authors: Lejon Kristina , Hellman Urban , Do Lan , Kumar Anjani , Forsblad‐d’Elia Helena 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAnkylosing spondylitis (AS) is an autoimmune disease affecting parts of the skeletal structure in particular. Previously increased levels of the inflammatory cell types Th17, Th22, Tc17 and Tc22 cells have been shown to be associated with AS. Here, we analysed the levels of inflammatory T cell subsets, related cytokines and clinical characteristics of AS patients vs controls from northern Sweden. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from 50 AS patients and 50 matched controls were short term stimulated with PMA/Ionomycin, stained and analysed by flow cytometry. Plasma levels of Interleukin (IL)‐17, IL‐22, IL‐10 as well as clinically relevant markers were determined. Compared to male controls, male AS patients showed 1.5‐ to 2‐fold increases of Th17 (P = .013), Th22 (P = .003) and Tc22 (P = .024) among CD45+CD3+ lymphocytes. Plasma IL‐22 levels correlated with the Tc17 proportion in male patients (Rs = 0.499, P = .003) and plasma IL‐10 levels were inversely correlated with Tc17 among all patients (Rs = −0.276, P = .05). Male patients with syndesmophytes showed significantly higher Th17 proportions (P = .038). In female AS patients, Tc22 was negatively correlated with C‐reactive protein (high sensitivity) (hsCRP) (Rs = −0.573, P = .016). We confirmed increased proportions of inflammatory T cells and correlations with relevant cytokines from male AS patients. The correlation between Th17 and syndesmophytes supports a role of Th17 in the pathogenic process.
Locke on Conditional Threats
Authors: Venezia Luciano 
Published: May 2022

AbstractJohn Locke says that a victim is permitted to kill a Conditional Threat in self‐defense. Yet, David Rodin argues that killing is disproportionate to the harm averted and is therefore impermissible. But Rodin mischaracterizes the situation faced by a Conditional Threat victim as analyzed by Locke. In this article, I aim to provide a more satisfactory reading of Locke on self‐defense against Conditional Threats, particularly of the thesis that killing involves a proportionate response to the harm averted. In addition to this, I also aim to further elaborate and defend Locke's view. First, I show that a Conditional Threat deprives his victim of her freedom to act as she thinks fit, without having to depend on the Conditional Threat's arbitrary will. Second, I argue that an interest in not being deprived of one's freedom to act as one thinks fit, without having to depend on another person's arbitrary will, by a conditional threat of deadly harm, is of sufficient value to make killing a proportionate act, especially if the person is highly morally culpable. If killing also meets the necessity condition of justified self‐defense (admittedly, a big “if”), it follows that Locke, not Rodin, holds the correct view.
Experiencing art from a field of rice: How farmers relate to rural revitalisation and art at Japan's Echigo‐Tsumari Art Festival
Authors: Leung Kei Yan , Thorsen Line Marie 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFocusing on the Echigo‐Tsumari Art Festival (ETAF) in Niigata, Japan, we propose a novel conceptualisation of the role of art in rural revitalisation, focused on how local farmers experience art as a catalyst for social, cultural and natural change. Scholarship on the role of art in rural revitalisation has often focussed on arts’ problem‐solving affordances (e.g., economic, demographic) or on how rural engagements matter to art development. Instead, we turn our attention to the middle‐ground: how art intervenes in the everyday life and practices of farmers in the festival area. Based on interviews and ethnographic fieldwork, our analysis draws on the theories of Tsurumi Shunsuke and John Dewey to offer a broad and inclusive notion of ‘art’ and ‘aesthetic experience’. With this framework, we explore how farmers relate to different artworks presented at ETAF and how art can spur farmers to reflect on their lives, their farming and the environments they inhabit.
Effect of 46 years' application of fertilizers, FYM and lime on physical, chemical and biological properties of soil under maize–wheat system in an acid Alfisol of northwest Himalayas
Authors: Thakur Anjali , Sharma Raj Paul , Sankhyan Narender Kumar , Sepehya Swapana 
Published: May 2022

AbstractImbalanced fertilizer use with intensive cropping has threatened the sustainability of agroecosystems, especially on acid soils. An understanding of the long‐term effects of fertilizers and amendments on soil health is essential for sustaining high crop yields. The effects of application of fertilizers, and amendments for 46 years on soil properties and maize yield in an acid Alfisol were investigated in this study. Ten fertilizer treatments comprising different amounts of NPK fertilizers, farmyard manure (FYM) and lime, and one control, were replicated three times in a randomized block design. At 0–15 cm soil depth, bulk density was least (1.20 t/m3), porosity (49.8%) and water holding capacity (61.7%) were greatest in 100% NPK + FYM, corresponding to the largest organic carbon content (13.93 g/kg). Microbial biomass C and dehydrogenase activity in 100% NPK + FYM were 42% and 13.7% greater than 100% NPK, respectively. Available nutrients were significantly more with 100% NPK + FYM and 100% NPK + lime than control and other fertilizer treatments. At 15–30 cm depth, the effect of various treatments was comparable to the surface layer. Grain yield declined by 55% and 53% in 100% NPK(‐S) and 100% NP, respectively, compared with 100% NPK, whereas 100% N as urea alone eventually led to crop failure. Soil porosity recorded the greatest positive correlation (r = .933**), whereas bulk density recorded a negative significant correlation (r = −.942**) with grain yield. The results suggest that integrated use of FYM/lime with chemical fertilizers is a sustainable practice in terms of crop yield and soil health, whereas continuous application of urea alone is detrimental to the soil health.
CO2, CH4 and N2O emissions after fertilizer application in banana plantations located in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest
Authors: da Silva Reginaldo Barboza , Antunes Taline , Rosa Jéssica Silva , Packer Ana Paula , Bento Camila Bolfarini , do Carmo Janaina Braga , de Melo Silva Francisca Alcivânia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBananas are important tropical fruits conventionally cultivated under intensive nitrogen fertilization. A current challenge is to understand the environmental impacts of this crop across the different cultivation stages considering greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, the present study evaluated whether inorganic fertilization with ammonium sulphate and urea during different planting stages can change soil CO2, CH4 and N2O emissions. The experiment was conducted in 2018 in an Atlantic Forest region of São Paulo State, Brazil. We used the chamber‐based methodology for gas sampling in young and established banana plantations and in a forest remnant fragment. Seasonal differences in temperature and rainfall during the sampling period resulted in a larger WFPS during the wet season. The CO2 emissions followed the rainfall variations. CH4 fluxes were mainly resulted of methanotrophy reactions. The maximum and minimum N2O fluxes were 7.38 and −0.93 mg m2 day−1, peaking after nitrogen fertilization. We found that the accumulated N2O fluxes from soil were greater for the two banana plantations than those observed in the forest remnant in dry and wet seasons. The highest N2O peaks were observed in the young banana plantation. CH4 uptake was 92 and 61% less in young and established banana plantations than in the forest remnant, while N2O emissions were 95 and 74% greater in young and established banana plantations than in the forest remnant. Considering the negative effect of N2O emissions, reduced rates of nitrogen application and the adoption of conservation practices should be considered in young banana plantations.
First transfusion of cold‐stored low‐titer group O whole blood in the French armed forces
Authors: Aloird Jonathan , Martinaud Christophe , Pasquier Pierre 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundHemorrhage is the most frequent cause of preventable death in the combat setting. Therefore, early transfusion can improve survival of combat casualties. In the case of hemorrhagic shock, massive transfusion must be performed immediately with high transfusion ratios (i.e., approximately 1:1:1 plasma:platelet:red blood cells). The use of cold‐stored low‐titer group O whole blood could address this challenging transfusion strategy in combat setting.ResultsWe present here a clinical case illustrating this strategy of high transfusion ratios, which includes—for the first time in a modern conflict involving French Armed Forces—the use of cold‐stored low‐titer group O whole blood. A 29‐year‐old French soldier suffered multiple gunshot wounds. Because of the critical condition of the patient in hemorrhagic shock, successive medical teams initiated an early and massive transfusion, using French lyophilized plasma, red blood cells, cold‐stored low‐titer group O whole blood, and warm fresh whole blood.ConclusionThis case report of a bleeding combat casualty, transfused with cold‐stored low‐titer group O whole blood for the first time in the French Armed Forces, emphasizes two important points: the importance of clinical assessment in the management of a bleeding patient with hemorrhagic shock and the feasibility of early massive transfusion using cold‐stored low‐titer group O whole blood.
Geometry and Kinematics of Cylindrical Waterbomb Tessellation
Authors: Imada Rinki , Tachi Tomohiro 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Folded surfaces of origami tessellations have attracted much attention because they often exhibit nontrivial behaviors. It is known that cylindrical folded surfaces of waterbomb tessellation called waterbomb tube can transform into peculiar wave-like surfaces, but the theoretical reason why wave-like surfaces arise has been unclear. In this paper, we provide a kinematic model of waterbomb tube by parameterizing the geometry of a module of waterbomb tessellation and derive a recurrence relation between the modules. Through the visualization of the configurations of waterbomb tubes under the proposed kinematic model, we classify solutions into three classes: cylinder solution, wave-like solution, and finite solution. Through the stability and bifurcation analyses of the dynamical system, we investigate how the behavior of waterbomb tube changes when the crease pattern is changed. Furthermore, we prove the existence of a wave-like solution around one of the cylinder solutions.
Venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in patients with acute covid-19 associated respiratory failure: comparative effectiveness study
Authors: Urner Martin , Barnett Adrian G , Bassi Gianluigi Li , Brodie Daniel , Dalton Heidi J , Ferguson Niall D , Heinsar Silver , Hodgson Carol L , Peek Giles , Shekar Kiran , Suen Jacky Y , Fraser John F , Fan Eddy 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the effect of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) compared with conventional mechanical ventilation on outcomes of patients with covid-19 associated respiratory failure.DesignObservational study.Setting30 countries across five continents, 3 January 2020 to 29 August 2021.Participants7345 adults admitted to the intensive care unit with clinically suspected or laboratory confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection.InterventionsECMO in patients with a partial pressure of arterial oxygen to fraction of inspired oxygen (PaO2/FiO2) ratio <80 mm Hg compared with conventional mechanical ventilation without ECMO.Main outcome measureThe primary outcome was hospital mortality within 60 days of admission to the intensive care unit. Adherence adjusted estimates were calculated using marginal structural models with inverse probability weighting, accounting for competing events and for baseline and time varying confounding.Results844 of 7345 eligible patients (11.5%) received ECMO at any time point during follow-up. Adherence adjusted mortality was 26.0% (95% confidence interval 24.5% to 27.5%) for a treatment strategy that included ECMO if the PaO2/FiO2ratio decreased <80 mm Hg compared with 33.2% (31.8% to 34.6%) had patients received conventional treatment without ECMO (risk difference –7.1%, 95% confidence interval –8.2% to –6.1%; risk ratio 0.78, 95% confidence interval 0.75 to 0.82). In secondary analyses, ECMO was most effective in patients aged <65 years and with a PaO2/FiO2<80 mm Hg or with driving pressures >15 cmH2O during the first 10 days of mechanical ventilation.ConclusionsECMO was associated with a reduction in mortality in selected adults with covid-19 associated respiratory failure. Age, severity of hypoxaemia, and duration and intensity of mechanical ventilation were found to be modifiers of treatment effectiveness and should be considered when deciding to initiate ECMO in patients with covid-19.
Symptom Improvement of ulceRative colitis after an Induction dose of UStekinumab in Japanese clinical practice (SIRIUS), measured using patient-reported outcomes: a prospective observational study
Authors: Matsuoka Katsuyoshi , Nagano Katsumasa , Nagasaki Shinya , Murata Yoko , Hisamatsu Tadakazu 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionUlcerative colitis (UC) is an idiopathic, chronic inflammatory disease of the large intestine. Ustekinumab is a monoclonal antibody against the p40 subunit of interleukin-12 and interleukin-23 and has proven efficacy in inducing and maintaining remission in adult patients with moderate-to-severe UC. In the Symptom Improvement of ulceRative colitis after an Induction dose of Ustekinumab study, we will document the initial treatment response (daily patient-reported outcomes for 8 weeks from first infusion) and treatment patterns of patients wih UC receiving an induction dose of ustekinumab in the real-world setting in Japan. We will also investigate the relationship between the treatment response at week 8 and early indicators of response and determine patient factors that may define the appropriate dosing interval for maintenance therapy.Methods and analysisFor this single-arm, prospective observational study at 24 centres in Japan with a follow-up period of 16/20 weeks, we aim to recruit 140 patients with moderate-to-severe UC between July 2021 and July 2022. All surveys will be conducted in Japanese and patient-reported outcomes relating to rectal bleeding, stool frequency, abdominal pain, nocturnal diarrhoea, tenesmus and perception of UC symptoms will be recorded using a smartphone application, where the patients can enter their initial response to ustekinumab induction therapy on a daily basis. Dosing intervals and the reasons for selecting this interval, and concomitant medications taken during treatment with ustekinumab will be collected by a physician questionnaire at the end of the study. On completion of primary end point (8-week patient-reported outcomes) data collection, results will be reported sequentially.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the ethics committee of each facility involved and the Institutional Review Board of the non-profit organisation MINS.Trial registration numberUMIN000043753, NCT04963725.
Responding to Elder Abuse in GERiAtric care (REAGERA) educational intervention for healthcare providers: a non-randomised stepped wedge trial
Authors: Ludvigsson Mikael , Motamedi Atbin , Westerlind Björn , Swahnberg Katarina , Simmons Johanna 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionElder abuse is prevalent and associated with different forms of ill health. Despite this, healthcare providers are often unaware of abusive experiences among older patients and many lack training about elder abuse. The overall aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of an educational intervention on healthcare providers’ propensity to ask older patients questions about abusive experiences.Methods and analysisHealthcare providers at hospital clinics and primary healthcare centres in Sweden will undergo full-day education about elder abuse between the fall of 2021 and spring of 2023. The education consists of (1) theory and group discussions; (2) forum theatre, a form of interactive theatre in which participants are given the opportunity to practise how to manage difficult patient encounters; and (3) post-training reflection on changing practices.The design is a non-randomised cluster, stepped wedge trial in which all participants (n=750) gradually transit from control group to intervention group with 6-month interval, starting fall 2021. Data are collected using the Responding to Elder Abuse in GERiAtric care–Provider questionnaire which was distributed to all clusters at baseline. All participants will also be asked to answer the questionnaire in conjunction with participating in the education as well as at 6-month and 12-month follow-up. Main outcome is changes in self-reported propensity to ask older patients questions about abuse post-intervention compared with pre-intervention. Linear mixed models including cluster as a random effect will be used to statistically evaluate the outcome.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority. The results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and conference proceedings. If the intervention is successful, a manual of the course content will be published so that the education can be disseminated to other clinics.Trial registration numberNCT05065281.
Vasorelaxant effect of monoterpene carvacrol on isolated human umbilical artery
Authors: Đukanović Đorđe , Bojić Milica Gajić , Marinković Sonja , Trailović Saša , Stojiljković Miloš P. , Škrbić Ranko 
Published: May 2022

Carvacrol (CRV) is the main compound of essential oils extracted primarily from Thymus and Origanum species. Its various biological activities were confirmed: antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-tumour, antinematodal, and vasorelaxant action. Although vasodilation mediated by CRV was previously described, the exact mechanism of its action has not yet been established. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate CRV vasoactivity on human umbilical arteries (HUA) and the different pathways involved in its mechanism of action using the tissue bath methodology. CRV caused a significant decrease in vascular tension of 5-HT-pre-contracted umbilical arteries, with EC50 of 442.13 ± 33.8 µmol/L (mean ± standard error of the mean—SEM). At 300 µmol/L, CRV shifted downward the 5-HT concentration–response curve with a statistical significance of p < 0.001 obtained for the four highest concentrations. At a concentration of 1 mmol/L, CRV completely abolished BaCl2-induced contraction in Ca2+-free Krebs–Ringer bicarbonate solution and the BAY K 8644-induced contraction in Krebs–Ringer bicarbonate solution ( p < 0.001). Isopentenyl pyrophosphate, the antagonist of TRPV3 channel, was able to decrease the efficacy of CRV ( p < 0.001). The blocking of L-type Ca2+ channels on smooth muscle cells is the most probable mechanism of CRV-induced vasorelaxation. However, the role of TRPV3 channels in CRV-induced vasodilation of HUA cannot be excluded either.
Heun’s equation and analytic structure of the gap in holographic superconductivity
Authors: Choun Yoon-Seok , Cai Wenhe , Sin Sang-Jin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe present the new method to calculate the critical temperature as a function of $$\Delta $$
Δ
, conformal dimension of the cooper operator. We find that, in the regime $$1/2\le \Delta <1$$

1
/
2
≤
Δ
<
1

where the AC conductivity does not show a gap, the critical temperature is not well defined. We also got expression of AC conductivity for $$\Delta =2$$

Δ
=
2

, which agrees with numerical result in the probe approximation.