bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Should Multivariate Bias Corrections of Climate Simulations Account for Changes of Rank Correlation Over Time?
Authors: Vrac M. , Thao S. , Yiou P. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractInter‐variable dependencies are key properties to characterize many climate phenomena—such as compound events—and their future changes. Yet, climate simulations often have statistical biases. Hence, univariate (1dBC) and multivariate bias correction (MBC) methods are regularly applied. Inter‐variable properties (e.g., correlations) can be altered by BC corrections. Then, it is necessary to assess how underlying assumptions of BC methods on climate change affect the adjustments. This can lead to better choices of BC methods. Here, we investigate whether an MBC method should try reproducing, preserving or modifying the changes in rank correlations between daily temperature and precipitation over Europe. An original “perfect model experiment” is set up and applied to two different climate simulation ensembles over 2001–2100: 40 runs from the Community Earth System Model (CESM) global climate model and 11 runs from the Coupled Models Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) exercise. The results highlight that, within the multi‐run single Global Climate Models ensemble (CESM), accounting for correlation changes brings valuable information for long‐term projections but that a stationarity assumption provides less biased correlations, up to medium‐term projections (2060). For the multi‐model ensemble (CMIP6), the non‐stationarity assumption provides larger biases than the stationarity approach, up to the end of the century. Not correcting the model rank correlations (1dBC) provides the worst results. Whenever an ensemble is available, the best results come from accounting for the “robust” part of the change signal (i.e., average change from different runs). This pleads for using ensembles and their robust information, in order to perform robust bias corrections.
A short period of early life oxytocin treatment rescues social behavior dysfunction via suppression of hippocampal hyperactivity in male mice
Authors: Pan Libiao , Zheng Lu , Wu Xiaotong , Zhu Zhenggang , Wang Siyu , Lu Yi , He Yang , Yang Qian , Ma Xiaolin , Wang Xiaomeng , Yang Hongbin , Zhan Li , Luo Yujian , Li Xiangyao , Zhou Yudong , Wang Xiaodong , Luo Jianhong , Wang Lang , Duan Shumin , Wang Hao 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEarly sensory experiences interact with genes to shape precise neural circuits during development. This process is vital for proper brain function in adulthood. Neurological dysfunctions caused by environmental alterations and/or genetic mutation may share the same molecular or cellular mechanisms. Here, we show that early life bilateral whisker trimming (BWT) subsequently affects social discrimination in adult male mice. Enhanced activation of the hippocampal dorsal CA3 (dCA3) in BWT mice was observed during social preference tests. Optogenetic activation of dCA3 in naive mice impaired social discrimination, whereas chemogenetic silencing of dCA3 rescued social discrimination deficit in BWT mice. Hippocampal oxytocin (OXT) is reduced after whisker trimming. Neonatal intraventricular compensation of OXT relieved dCA3 over-activation and prevented social dysfunction. Neonatal knockdown of OXT receptor in dCA3 mimics the effects of BWT, and cannot be rescued by OXT treatment. Social behavior deficits in a fragile X syndrome mouse model (Fmr1 KO mice) could also be recovered by early life OXT treatment, through negating dCA3 over-activation. Here, a possible avenue to prevent social dysfunction is uncovered.
Autophagic sequestration of SQSTM1 disrupts the aggresome formation of ubiquitinated proteins during proteasome inhibition
Authors: Zhang Chenliang , Huang Chen , Xia Hongwei , Xu Huanji , Tang Qiulin , Bi Feng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAggresome formation is a protective cellular response to counteract proteasome dysfunction by sequestering misfolded proteins and reducing proteotoxic stress. Autophagic degradation of the protein aggregates is considered to be a key compensating mechanism for balancing proteostasis. However, the precise role of autophagy in proteasome inhibition-induced aggresome biogenesis remains unclear. Herein, we demonstrate that in the early stage of proteasome inhibition, the maturation of the autophagosome is suppressed, which facilitates aggresome formation of misfolded proteins. Proteasome inhibition-induced phosphorylation of SQSTM1 T269/S272 inhibits its autophagic receptor activity and promotes aggresome formation of misfolded proteins. Inhibiting SQSTM1 T269/S272 phosphorylation using Doramapimod aggravates proteasome inhibitor-mediated cell damage and tumor suppression. Taken together, our data reveal a negative effect of autophagy on aggresome biogenesis and cell damage upon proteasome inhibition. Our study suggests a novel therapeutic intervention for proteasome inhibitor-mediated tumor treatment.
Charge carrier modulation in graphene on ferroelectric single-crystal substrates
Authors: Park Nahee , Lee Hyunkyung , Park Jeongmin , Chau Tuan Khanh , Kang Hojin , Kang Haeyong , Suh Dongseok 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCharge carrier modulation of graphene using the ferroelectricity of a nearby dielectric can be useful for controlling the electronic properties of graphene. However, when graphene is located on ferroelectric oxides, their electrical coupling frequently shows abnormal behaviors, such as anti-hysteresis, in field-effect transistor operation. From the systematic examination of graphene on a ferroelectric oxide single-crystal [Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3]1-x–[PbTiO3]x (PMNPT) substrate, we observed that the ferroelectric modulation of graphene was significantly influenced by the ambipolar nature of graphene and ferroelectric-assisted charge trapping with carrier-type dependency. For graphene/hexagonal-BN on the PMNPT, the Coulomb interaction between charges in interfacial traps and ferroelectric polarization seems to decouple the graphene conductance from the polarization field and induce only the charge trap effect on device performance. Consequently, the asymmetric surface charge compensation of ferroelectric oxide by the ambipolar graphene channel determines the detailed coupling process between the charge carrier of graphene and ferroelectric polarization, resulting in direct ferroelectric coupling or indirect anti-hysteretic coupling.
Barents-Kara sea-ice decline attributed to surface warming in the Gulf Stream
Authors: Yamagami Yoko , Watanabe Masahiro , Mori Masato , Ono Jun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDecline in winter sea-ice concentration (SIC) in the Barents-Kara Sea significantly impacts climate through increased heat release to the atmosphere. However, the past Barents-Kara SIC decrease rate is underestimated in the majority of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) climate models. Here we show that climate model simulations can reproduce the Barents-Kara SIC trend for 1970–2017 when sea surface temperature (SST) variability in the Gulf Stream region is constrained by observations. The constrained warming of the Gulf Stream strengthens ocean heat transport to the Barents-Kara Sea that enhances the SIC decline. The linear trends between the SIC and SST are highly correlated in the CMIP6 ensemble, suggesting that the externally forced component of the Gulf Stream SST increase explains up to 56% of the forced Barents-Kara SIC trend. Therefore, future warming of the Gulf Stream can be an essential pacemaker of the SIC decline.
Magnetic control over the fundamental structure of atomic wires
Authors: Chakrabarti Sudipto , Vilan Ayelet , Deutch Gai , Oz Annabelle , Hod Oded , Peralta Juan E. , Tal Oren 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWhen reducing the size of materials towards the nanoscale, magnetic properties can emerge due to structural variations. Here, we show the reverse effect, where the structure of nanomaterials is controlled by magnetic manipulations. Using the break-junction technique, we find that the interatomic distance in platinum atomic wires is shorter or longer by up to ∼20%, when a magnetic field is applied parallel or perpendicular to the wires during their formation, respectively. The magnetic field direction also affects the wire length, where longer (shorter) wires are formed under a parallel (perpendicular) field. Our experimental analysis, supported by calculations, indicates that the direction of the applied magnetic field promotes the formation of suspended atomic wires with a specific magnetization orientation associated with typical orbital characteristics, interatomic distance, and stability. A similar effect is found for various metal and metal-oxide atomic wires, demonstrating that magnetic fields can control the atomistic structure of different nanomaterials when applied during their formation stage.
Partial freezing of rat livers extends preservation time by 5-fold
Authors: Tessier Shannon N. , de Vries Reinier J. , Pendexter Casie A. , Cronin Stephanie E. J. , Ozer Sinan , Hafiz Ehab O. A. , Raigani Siavash , Oliveira-Costa Joao Paulo , Wilks Benjamin T. , Lopera Higuita Manuela , van Gulik Thomas M. , Usta Osman Berk , Stott Shannon L. , Yeh Heidi , Yarmush Martin L. , Uygun Korkut , Toner Mehmet 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe limited preservation duration of organs has contributed to the shortage of organs for transplantation. Recently, a tripling of the storage duration was achieved with supercooling, which relies on temperatures between −4 and −6 °C. However, to achieve deeper metabolic stasis, lower temperatures are required. Inspired by freeze-tolerant animals, we entered high-subzero temperatures (−10 to −15 °C) using ice nucleators to control ice and cryoprotective agents (CPAs) to maintain an unfrozen liquid fraction. We present this approach, termed partial freezing, by testing gradual (un)loading and different CPAs, holding temperatures, and storage durations. Results indicate that propylene glycol outperforms glycerol and injury is largely influenced by storage temperatures. Subsequently, we demonstrate that machine perfusion enhancements improve the recovery of livers after freezing. Ultimately, livers that were partially frozen for 5-fold longer showed favorable outcomes as compared to viable controls, although frozen livers had lower cumulative bile and higher liver enzymes.
Decapod-inspired pigment modulation for active building facades
Authors: Kay Raphael , Katrycz Charlie , Nitièma Kevin , Jakubiec J. Alstan , Hatton Benjamin D. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTypical buildings are static structures, unable to adjust to dynamic temperature and daylight fluctuations. Adaptive facades that are responsive to these unsteady solar conditions can substantially reduce operational energy inefficiencies, indoor heating, cooling, and lighting costs, as well as greenhouse-gas emissions. Inspired by marine organisms that disperse pigments within their skin, we propose an adaptive building interface that uses reversible fluid injections to tune optical transmission. Pigmented fluids with tunable morphologies are reversibly injected and withdrawn from confined layers, achieving locally-adjustable shading and interior solar exposure. Multicell arrays tiled across large areas enable differential and dynamic building responses, demonstrated using both experimental and simulated approaches. Fluidic reconfigurations can find optimal states over time to reduce heating, cooling, and lighting energy in our models by over 30% compared to current available electrochromic technologies.
Conformational heterogeneity of molecules physisorbed on a gold surface at room temperature
Authors: Kang Mingu , Kim Hyunwoo , Oleiki Elham , Koo Yeonjeong , Lee Hyeongwoo , Joo Huitae , Choi Jinseong , Eom Taeyong , Lee Geunsik , Suh Yung Doug , Park Kyoung-Duck 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA quantitative single-molecule tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) study at room temperature remained a challenge due to the rapid structural dynamics of molecules exposed to air. Here, we demonstrate the hyperspectral TERS imaging of single or a few brilliant cresyl blue (BCB) molecules at room temperature, along with quantitative spectral analyses. Robust chemical imaging is enabled by the freeze-frame approach using a thin Al2O3 capping layer, which suppresses spectral diffusions and inhibits chemical reactions and contamination in air. For the molecules resolved spatially in the TERS image, a clear Raman peak variation up to 7.5 cm−1 is observed, which cannot be found in molecular ensembles. From density functional theory-based quantitative analyses of the varied TERS peaks, we reveal the conformational heterogeneity at the single-molecule level. This work provides a facile way to investigate the single-molecule properties in interacting media, expanding the scope of single-molecule vibrational spectroscopy studies.
MRTF specifies a muscle-like contractile module in Porifera
Authors: Colgren J. , Nichols S. A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMuscle-based movement is a hallmark of animal biology, but the evolutionary origins of myocytes are unknown. Although believed to lack muscles, sponges (Porifera) are capable of coordinated whole-body contractions that purge debris from internal water canals. This behavior has been observed for decades, but their contractile tissues remain uncharacterized with respect to their ultrastructure, regulation, and development. We examine the spongeEphydatia muelleriand find tissue-wide organization of a contractile module composed of actin, striated-muscle myosin II, and transgelin, and that contractions are regulated by the release of internal Ca2+stores upstream of the myosin-light-chain-kinase (MLCK) pathway. The development of this contractile module appears to involve myocardin-related transcription factor (MRTF) as part of an environmentally inducible transcriptional complex that also functions in muscle development, plasticity, and regeneration. As an actin-regulated force-sensor, MRTF-activity offers a mechanism for how the contractile tissues that line water canals can dynamically remodel in response to flow and can re-form normally from stem-cells in the absence of the intrinsic spatial cues typical of animal embryogenesis. We conclude that the contractile module of sponge tissues shares elements of homology with contractile tissues in other animals, including muscles, indicating descent from a common, multifunctional tissue in the animal stem-lineage.
A synaptic signal for novelty processing in the hippocampus
Authors: Gómez-Ocádiz Ruy , Trippa Massimiliano , Zhang Chun-Lei , Posani Lorenzo , Cocco Simona , Monasson Rémi , Schmidt-Hieber Christoph 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEpisodic memory formation and recall are complementary processes that rely on opposing neuronal computations in the hippocampus. How this conflict is resolved in hippocampal circuits is unclear. To address this question, we obtained in vivo whole-cell patch-clamp recordings from dentate gyrus granule cells in head-fixed mice trained to explore and distinguish between familiar and novel virtual environments. We find that granule cells consistently show a small transient depolarisation upon transition to a novel environment. This synaptic novelty signal is sensitive to local application of atropine, indicating that it depends on metabotropic acetylcholine receptors. A computational model suggests that the synaptic response to novelty may bias granule cell population activity, which can drive downstream attractor networks to a new state, favouring the switch from recall to new memory formation when faced with novelty. Such a novelty-driven switch may enable flexible encoding of new memories while preserving stable retrieval of familiar ones.
Mechanical intelligence for learning embodied sensor-object relationships
Authors: Prabhakar Ahalya , Murphey Todd 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntelligence involves processing sensory experiences into representations useful for prediction. Understanding sensory experiences and building these contextual representations without prior knowledge of sensor models and environment is a challenging unsupervised learning problem. Current machine learning methods process new sensory data using prior knowledge defined by either domain knowledge or datasets. When datasets are not available, data acquisition is needed, though automating exploration in support of learning is still an unsolved problem. Here we develop a method that enables agents to efficiently collect data for learning a predictive sensor model—without requiring domain knowledge, human input, or previously existing data—using ergodicity to specify the data acquisition process. This approach is based entirely on data-driven sensor characteristics rather than predefined knowledge of the sensor model and its physical characteristics. We learn higher quality models with lower energy expenditure during exploration for data acquisition compared to competing approaches, including both random sampling and information maximization. In addition to applications in autonomy, our approach provides a potential model of how animals use their motor control to develop high quality models of their sensors (sight, sound, touch) before having knowledge of their sensor capabilities or their surrounding environment.
Recovery of Lutacidiplasmatales archaeal order genomes suggests convergent evolution in Thermoplasmatota
Authors: Sheridan Paul O. , Meng Yiyu , Williams Tom A. , Gubry-Rangin Cécile 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe Terrestrial Miscellaneous Euryarchaeota Group has been identified in various environments, and the single genome investigated thus far suggests that these archaea are anaerobic sulfite reducers. We assemble 35 new genomes from this group that, based on genome analysis, appear to possess aerobic and facultative anaerobic lifestyles and may oxidise rather than reduce sulfite. We propose naming this order (representing 16 genera) “Lutacidiplasmatales” due to their occurrence in various acidic environments and placement within the phylum Thermoplasmatota. Phylum-level analysis reveals that Thermoplasmatota evolution had been punctuated by several periods of high levels of novel gene family acquisition. Several essential metabolisms, such as aerobic respiration and acid tolerance, were likely acquired independently by divergent lineages through convergent evolution rather than inherited from a common ancestor. Ultimately, this study describes the terrestrially prevalent Lutacidiciplasmatales and highlights convergent evolution as an important driving force in the evolution of archaeal lineages.
Planar chiral metasurfaces with maximal and tunable chiroptical response driven by bound states in the continuum
Authors: Shi Tan , Deng Zi-Lan , Geng Guangzhou , Zeng Xianzhi , Zeng Yixuan , Hu Guangwei , Overvig Adam , Li Junjie , Qiu Cheng-Wei , Alù Andrea , Kivshar Yuri S. , Li Xiangping 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOptical metasurfaces with high quality factors (Q-factors) of chiral resonances can boost substantially light-matter interaction for various applications of chiral response in ultrathin, active, and nonlinear metadevices. However, current approaches lack the flexibility to enhance and tune the chirality and Q-factor simultaneously. Here, we suggest a design of chiral metasurface supporting bound state in the continuum (BIC) and demonstrate experimentally chiroptical responses with ultra-high Q-factors and near-perfect circular dichroism (CD = 0.93) at optical frequencies. We employ the symmetry-reduced meta-atoms with high birefringence supporting winding elliptical eigenstate polarizations with opposite helicity. It provides a convenient way for achieving the maximal planar chirality tuned by either breaking in-plane structure symmetry or changing illumination angle. Beyond linear CD, we also achieved strong near-field enhancement CD and near-unitary nonlinear CD in the same planar chiral metasurface design with circular eigen-polarization. Sharply resonant chirality realized in planar metasurfaces promises various practical applications including chiral lasers and chiral nonlinear filters.
Oncogenic BRAF induces whole-genome doubling through suppression of cytokinesis
Authors: Darp Revati , Vittoria Marc A. , Ganem Neil J. , Ceol Craig J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMelanomas and other solid tumors commonly have increased ploidy, with near-tetraploid karyotypes being most frequently observed. Such karyotypes have been shown to arise through whole-genome doubling events that occur during early stages of tumor progression. The generation of tetraploid cells via whole-genome doubling is proposed to allow nascent tumor cells the ability to sample various pro-tumorigenic genomic configurations while avoiding the negative consequences that chromosomal gains or losses have in diploid cells. Whereas a high prevalence of whole-genome doubling events has been established, the means by which whole-genome doubling arises is unclear. Here, we find that BRAFV600E, the most common mutation in melanomas, can induce whole-genome doubling via cytokinesis failure in vitro and in a zebrafish melanoma model. Mechanistically, BRAFV600E causes decreased activation and localization of RhoA, a critical cytokinesis regulator. BRAFV600E activity during G1/S phases of the cell cycle is required to suppress cytokinesis. During G1/S, BRAFV600E activity causes inappropriate centriole amplification, which is linked in part to inhibition of RhoA and suppression of cytokinesis. Together these data suggest that common abnormalities of melanomas linked to tumorigenesis – amplified centrosomes and whole-genome doubling events – can be induced by oncogenic BRAF and other mutations that increase RAS/MAPK pathway activity.
Version 3 of the Global Aridity Index and Potential Evapotranspiration Database
Authors: Zomer Robert J. , Xu Jianchu , Trabucco Antonio 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe “Global Aridity Index and Potential Evapotranspiration Database - Version 3” (Global-AI_PET_v3) provides high-resolution (30 arc-seconds) global hydro-climatic data averaged (1970–2000) monthly and yearly, based upon the FAO Penman-Monteith Reference Evapotranspiration (ET0) equation. An overview of the methods used to implement the Penman-Monteith equation geospatially and a technical evaluation of the results is provided. Results were compared for technical validation with weather station data from the FAO “CLIMWAT 2.0 for CROPWAT” (ET0: r2 = 0.85; AI: r2 = 0.90) and the U.K. “Climate Research Unit: Time Series v 4.04” (ET0: r2 = 0.89; AI: r2 = 0.83), while showing significant differences to an earlier version of the database. The current version of the Global-AI_PET_v3 supersedes previous versions, showing a higher correlation to real world weather station data. Developed using the generally agreed upon standard methodology for estimation of reference ET0, this database and notably, the accompanying source code, provide a robust tool for a variety of scientific applications in an era of rapidly changing climatic conditions.