bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laser Lift‐Off Technologies for Ultra‐Thin Emerging Electronics: Mechanisms, Applications, and Progress
Authors: Wang Fangcheng , Liu Qiang , Xia Jianwen , Huang Mingqi , Wang Xuefan , Dai Wenxue , Zhang Guoping , Yu Daquan , Li Jinhui , Sun Rong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDue to the advantages of non‐contact processing, high efficiency, high precision, and superior controllability, laser lift‐off (LLO) technologies exhibit excellent material applicability and process compatibility in the lift‐off of ultra‐thin electronic devices. This brings new opportunities for large‐scale manufacturing of emerging electronics that meet ultra‐thin, fragile, and poor high‐temperature resistance. However, this opportunity also comes with formidable challenges from the complex mechanisms of laser‐matter interactions, which hinder comprehensive exploration and fundamental understanding. By elaborating the laser‐material interactions, the photothermal effect, “cold” processing, shockwave effect, and cavitation effect in LLO process from multiple perspectives, this review is devoted to discussing the latest progress and sustainable application of LLO technologies in emerging electronics that are developing toward ultra‐thin, miniaturization, and integration, such as wafer level packaging, displays, energy harvesters, sensors, and memories. Finally, starting from the fundamental principles of material design, light field regulation, and intelligent control system, the challenges and new approaches faced by LLO technologies are explored and fully integrated with future innovative manufacturing concepts and device structures.
Taking the Next Step—Model‐Based Analysis of Robust and Non‐Toxic Zn Catalysts for the Ring Opening Polymerization of Lactide in the Polymer Melt
Authors: Conen Niclas , Fuchs Martin , Hoffmann Alexander , Herres‐Pawlis Sonja , Jupke Andreas 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn the field of bioplastics, complete kinetic models are rare but needed for industrial scale‐up. Herein, a complete kinetic model is developed to describe the behavior of robust and nontoxic guanidine carboxy Zn complexes in the lab‐scale ring opening polymerization (ROP) of l‐lactide, mimicking industrial melt polymerization in the presence of a co‐initiator. The model includes inter‐ and intramolecular transesterification and random chain scission, considering the single site activity of the studied catalyst class, based upon the “asme”‐ligand already established in lactide ROP. This allows for the description of reaction rate constants and the prediction of conversion as well as molar mass and dispersity of the obtained polymer. It is further shown that the model can be applied to describe the same characteristics for the faster, next generation catalysts based on the archetype “asme” catalyst. This lays the foundation for a faster catalyst design, targeting the needs of industry in developing fast and nontoxic alternatives for the industrially used toxic ROP catalyst Sn octanoate, bridging the gap between academia and industry.
Cilia‐Mediated Insulin/Akt and ST2/JNK Signaling Pathways Regulate the Recovery of Muscle Injury
Authors: Yamakawa Daishi , Tsuboi Junya , Kasahara Kousuke , Matsuda Chise , Nishimura Yuhei , Kodama Tatsuya , Katayama Naoyuki , Watanabe Masatoshi , Inagaki Masaki 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFollowing injury, skeletal muscle regenerates but fatty tissue accumulation is seen in aged muscle or muscular dystrophies. Fibro/adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) are key players in these events; however, the effect of primary cilia on FAPs remains unclear. Here, it is reported that genetic ablation of trichoplein (TCHP), a ciliary regulator, induces ciliary elongation on FAPs after injury, which promotes muscle regeneration while inhibiting adipogenesis. The defective adipogenic differentiation of FAPs is attributed to dysfunction of cilia‐dependent lipid raft dynamics, which is critical for insulin/Akt signaling. It is also found that interleukin (IL) 13 is substantially produced by intramuscular FAPs, which are upregulated by ciliary elongation and contribute to regeneration. Mechanistically, upon injury, long cilia excessively activate the IL33/ST2/JNK axis to enhance IL13 production, facilitating myoblast proliferation and M2 macrophage polarization. The results indicate that FAPs organize the regenerative responses to skeletal muscle injury via cilia‐mediated insulin/Akt and ST2/JNK signaling pathways.
Analysis of electrocardiograms in individuals with CDKL5 deficiency disorder
Authors: Stansauk Jessica , Fidell Andrea , Benke Tim , Schaffer Michael , Demarest Scott T. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCDKL5 deficiency disorder (CDD) is an epileptic encephalopathy associated with medically refractory epilepsy. We sought to determine whether prolonged corrected QT interval (QTc) or other cardiac conduction abnormalities were seen in CDD in a clinical cohort. A cohort of individuals with CDD was evaluated in the Children's Hospital Colorado's International Foundation for CDKL5 Research designated Center of Excellence clinic with routine electrocardiograms obtained as part of routine clinical care. Retrospective review of electrocardiograms was completed. ECGs from 44 individuals (7 male, 37 female, age range 0–34.5 years) with pathogenic mutations and findings consistent with CDD were evaluated. Multiple ECGs were available from the 44 individuals obtained from 1996 to 2020. Prolonged QTc was found in two individuals (4.5%) and either resolved or was not confirmed on Holter monitor; no additional interventions were performed. A total of 11 individuals had echocardiograms for a variety of indications including unexplained tachycardia and ECG abnormalities; all were normal. Two individuals in the cohort died during the study with no abnormal findings on ECG. The incidence of prolonged QTc or other significant actionable cardiac abnormalities was rare in a cohort of individuals with CDD though was higher than the prevalence seen within the general population. Further studies in a larger, confirmatory cohort over a longer period are needed.
Improving generalizability and study design of Alzheimer's disease cohort studies in the United States by including under‐represented populations
Authors: Mindt Monica Rivera , Okonkwo Ozioma , Weiner Michael W. , Veitch Dallas P. , Aisen Paul , Ashford Miriam , Coker Godfrey , Donohue Michael C. , Langa Kenneth M. , Miller Garrett , Petersen Ronald , Raman Rema , Nosheny Rachel 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe poor generalizability of clinical research data due to the enrollment of highly educated, non‐Latinx White participants hampers the development of therapies for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Black and Latinx older adults have a greater risk for dementia, yet it is unclear how health‐care disparities and sociocultural factors influence potential AD therapies and prognosis. Low enrollment of under‐represented populations may be attributable to several factors including greater exclusion due to higher rates of comorbidities, lower access to AD clinics, and the legacy of unethical treatment in medical research. This perspective outlines solutions tested in the Brain Health Registry (BHR) and the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), including culturally‐informed digital research methods, community‐engaged research strategies, leadership from under‐represented communities, and the reduction of exclusion criteria based on comorbidities. Our successes demonstrate that it is possible to increase the inclusion and engagement of under‐represented populations into US‐based clinical studies, thereby increasing the generalizability of their results.
Economical Access to Diverse Enantiopure Tetrahydropyridines and Piperidines Enabled by Catalytic Borrowing Hydrogen
Authors: Ng Teng Wei , Tao Ran , See Willy Wei Li , Poh Si Bei , Zhao Yu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe disclose herein a catalytic borrowing hydrogen method that enables an unprecedented, economical one‐pot access to enantiopure tetrahydropyridines with minimal reagent use or waste formation. This method couples a few classes of readily available substrates with commercially available 1,3‐amino alcohols, and delivers the valuable tetrahydropyridines of different substitution patterns free of N‐protection. Such transformations are highly challenging to achieve, as multiple redox steps need to be realized in a cascade and numerous side reactions including a facile aromatization have to be overcome. Highly diastereoselective functionalizations of tetrahydropyridines also result in a general access to enantiopure di‐ and tri‐substituted piperidines, which ranks the topmost frequent N‐heterocycle in commercial drugs.
Highly Reversible Zinc Metal Anode in a Dilute Aqueous Electrolyte Enabled by a pH Buffer Additive
Authors: Zhang Wei , Dai Yuhang , Chen Ruwei , Xu Zhenming , Li Jianwei , Zong Wei , Li Huangxu , Li Zheng , Zhang Zhenyu , Zhu Jiexin , Guo Fei , Gao Xuan , Du Zijuan , Chen Jintao , Wang Tianlei , He Guanjie , Parkin Ivan P. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAqueous zinc‐ion batteries have drawn increasing attention due to the intrinsic safety, cost‐effectiveness and high energy density. However, parasitic reactions and non‐uniform dendrite growth on the Zn anode side impede their application. Herein, a multifunctional additive, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (NHP), is introduced to regulate uniform zinc deposition and to suppress side reactions. The results show that the NH4+tends to be preferably absorbed on the Zn surface to form a “shielding effect” and blocks the direct contact of water with Zn. Moreover, NH4+and (H2PO4)−jointly maintain pH values of the electrode‐electrolyte interface. Consequently, the NHP additive enables highly reversible Zn plating/stripping behaviors in Zn//Zn and Zn//Cu cells. Furthermore, the electrochemical performances of Zn//MnO2full cells and Zn//active carbon (AC) capacitors are improved. This work provides an efficient and general strategy for modifying Zn plating/stripping behaviors and suppressing side reactions in mild aqueous electrolyte.
Umpolung Asymmetric 1,5‐Conjugate Addition via Palladium Hydride Catalysis
Authors: Wang Yu‐Chao , Xiao Zhao‐Xin , Wang Miao , Yang Shao‐Qian , Liu Jin‐Biao , He Zhi‐Tao 
Published: November 2022

AbstractElectronically matched nucleophilic 1,6‐conjugate addition has been well studied and widely applied in synthetic areas. In contrast, nucleophilic 1,5‐conjugate addition represents an electronically forbidden process and is considered unfeasible. Here, we describe modular protocols for 1,5‐conjugate addition reactions via palladium hydride catalysis. Both palladium and synergistic Pd/organocatalyst systems are developed to catalyze 1,5‐conjugate reaction, followed by inter‐ or intramolecular [3+2] cyclization. A migratory 1,5‐addition protocol is established to corroborate the feasibility of this umpolung concept. The 1,5‐addition products are conveniently transformed into a series of privileged enantioenriched motifs, including polysubstituted tetrahydrofuran, dihydrofuran, cyclopropane, cyclobutane, azetidine, oxetane, thietane, spirocycle and bridged rings. Preliminary mechanistic studies corroborate the involvement of palladium hydride catalysis.
Mixed Matrix Membrane with Penetrating Subnanochannels: A Versatile Nanofluidic Platform for Selective Metal Ion Conduction
Authors: Li Chen , Jiang Yanan , Wu Zihan , Zhang Youcai , Huang Cheng , Cheng Sha , You Ya , Zhang Pengchao , Chen Wen , Mao Lanqun , Jiang Lei 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBiological ion channels penetrated through cell membrane form unique transport pathways for selective ionic conductance. Replicating the success of ion selectivity with mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) will enable new separation technologies but remains challenging. Herein, we report a soft substrate‐assisted solution casting method to develop MMMs with penetrating subnanochannels for selective metal ion conduction. The MMMs are composed of penetrating Prussian white (PW) microcubes with subnanochannels in dense polyimide (PI) matrices, achieving selective monovalent metal ion conduction. The ion selectivity of K+/Mg2+is up to 14.0, and the ion conductance of K+can reach 45.5 μS with the testing diameter of 5 mm, which can be further improved by increasing the testing area. Given the diversity of nanoporous materials and polymer matrices, we expect that the MMMs with penetrating subnanochannels could be developed into a versatile nanofluidic platform for various emerging applications.
Cancer treatments touch a wide range of values that count for patients and other stakeholders: What are the implications for decision‐making?
Authors: Vrinzen Cilla E. J. , Bloemendal Haiko J. , Stuart Esra , Makady Amr , van Agthoven Michel , Koster Mariska , Merkx Matthias A. W. , Hermens Rosella P. M. G. , Jeurissen Patrick P. T. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundCancer rates and expenditures are increasing, resulting in debates on the exact value of this care. Perspectives on what exactly constitutes worthwhile values differ. This study aims to explore all values–elements regarding new oncological treatments for patients with cancer and all stakeholders involved and to assess their implications in different decision‐making procedures.MethodThirty‐one individual in‐depth interviews were conducted with different stakeholders to identify values within oncology. A focus group with seven experts was performed to explore its possible implications in decision‐making procedures.ResultsThe overarching themes of values identified were impact on daily life and future, costs for patients and loved ones, quality of life, impact on loved ones, societal impact and quality of treatments. The expert panel revealed that the extended exploration of values that matter to patients is deemed useful in patient‐level decision‐making, information provision, patient empowerment and support during and after treatment. For national reimbursement decisions, implications for the broad range of values seems less clear.ConclusionClinical values are not the only ones that matter to oncological patients and the stakeholders in the field. We found a much broader range of values. Proper recognition of values that count might add to patient‐level decision‐making, but implications for reimbursement decisions are less clear. The results could be useful to guide clinicians and policymakers when it comes to decision‐making in oncology. Making more explicit which values counts for whom guarantees a more systematic approach to decision‐making on all levels.
A New Highly Oxygenated Polyketide Derivative from Trichoderma sp. and Its Antifungal Activity
Authors: Wang Cheng‐Yao , Gan Dong , Li Chen‐Zhe , Zhang Sheng‐Qi , Li Bin‐Xian , Zhu Li , Liu Jia‐Qi , Liu Han , Tuo Gui‐Tao , Zhang Feng‐Mei , Cai Le 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA new highly oxygenated polyketide derivative, trichodersine (1), together with fourteen known compounds (2‐15) were isolated from Trichoderma sp. MWTGP‐04. The structure of trichodersine (1) was established based on comprehensive spectroscopic data analysis, and biogenesis argument. The results of double culture experiments indicated that the strain exhibited potential antifungal activity. The antifungal activities of all isolated compounds were evaluated, among them compound 1 exhibited remarkable antifungal activities against Fusarium solani, Plectosphaerella cucumerina, Alternaria panax, and Aspergillus niger, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 4, 4, 16, and 32 μg/mL, respectively. In addition, the antifungal experiments of polyketide derivatives (1–3) disclosed that their degree of oxidation was a key factor affecting the antifungal activity.
A New Capillary Gas Chromatography Column Based on Poly(ethylene glycol) Methyl Ether‐Functionalized Calix[4]arene
Authors: Chen Ruonan , Cai Zhiqiang , Li Wei , Huang Qiuchen , Nardiello Donatella , Quinto Maurizio , Liu Xianming , Hu Shaoqiang , Sun Tao 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this work, a novel capillary column (C4A‐mPEG) with a calixarene‐based polymer stationary phase (poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether‐functionalized 4‐tert‐butylcalix[4]arene) was designed and used for gas chromatographic (GC) separations. The C4A‐mPEG capillary column, prepared by the static coating method, showed moderate polarity and a column efficiency of 2332 plates/m, determined by 1‐octanol at 120 °C. The separation features of C4A‐mPEG stationary phase, resulting from its unique structure and multiple molecular recognition processes with analytes, including π‐π, H‐bonding, dipole‐dipole, and van der Waals interactions, allowed to obtain high‐resolution performances for a wide range of compounds and their isomers, especially benzaldehydes, phenols, and anilines. Moreover, compared with 4‐tertbutyl calix[4]arene (C4A) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) stationary phases, a higher resolving capability was also observed for the separation of toluidine and xylidine isomers.
Comparing the Catalytic and Structural Characteristics of a ‘Short’ Unspecific Peroxygenase (UPO) Expressed in Pichia pastoris and Escherichia coli
Authors: Robinson Wendy X. Q. , Mielke Tamara , Melling Benjamin , Cuetos Anibal , Parkin Alison , Unsworth William P. , Cartwright Jared , Grogan Gideon 
Published: November 2022

AbstractUnspecific peroxygenases (UPOs) have emerged as valuable tools for the oxygenation of non‐activated carbon atoms, as they exhibit high turnovers, good stability and depend only on hydrogen peroxide as the external oxidant for activity. However, the isolation of UPOs from their natural fungal sources remains a barrier to wider application. We have cloned the gene encoding an ‘artificial’ peroxygenase (artUPO), close in sequence to the ‘short’ UPO from Marasmius rotula (MroUPO), and expressed it in both the yeast Pichia pastoris and E. coli to compare the catalytic and structural characteristics of the enzymes produced in each system. Catalytic efficiency for the UPO substrate 5‐nitro‐1,3‐benzodioxole (NBD) was largely the same for both enzymes, and the structures also revealed few differences apart from the expected glycosylation of the yeast enzyme. However, the glycosylated enzyme displayed greater stability, as determined by nano differential scanning fluorimetry (nano‐DSF) measurements. Interestingly, while artUPO hydroxylated ethylbenzene derivatives to give the (R)‐alcohols, also given by a variant of the ‘long’ UPO from Agrocybe aegerita (AaeUPO), it gave the opposite (S)‐series of sulfoxide products from a range of sulfide substrates, broadening the scope for application of the enzymes. The structures of artUPO reveal substantial differences to that of AaeUPO, and provide a platform for investigating the distinctive activity of this and related'short’ UPOs.
Thermal Transport and Thermoelectric Properties of Rb2PdX6 (X=Cl, Br) from First‐principles Study
Authors: Liu Rongkun , Hu Yanxiao , Feng Chunbao , Ding Guangqian , Zhang Gang , Li Dengfeng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractVacancy‐ordered double perovskites are characterized by stable structure, non‐toxicity, low thermal conductivity, and large Seebeck coefficient, which are potential thermoelectric materials. In this work, the thermal transport and thermoelectric properties of Rb2PdX6(X=Cl, Br) are theoretically investigated. We find that the calculated thermal conductivity is underestimated from the phonon Boltzmann transport equation (PBTE) since the mean free path of a large number of phonons is less than the Ioffe‐Regel limit. The room‐temperature thermal conductivities of Rb2PdCl6 and Rb2PdBr6 are 0.42 W m−1 K−1 and 0.22 W m−1 K−1 based on two‐channel phonon transport mode, respectively. The thermal conductivity of Rb2PdBr6 is almost unchanged with the temperature. Rb2PdX6(X=Cl, Br) have large Seebeck coefficient for p‐type doping due to triple degeneracy in the VBM and the thermoelectric property of p‐type doping is better than that for n‐type doping. The ab initio scattering and transport program (AMSET) is used to calculate the electron scattering rate. At 700 K, the maximum ZT of p‐type doping Rb2PdCl6 and Rb2PdBr6 can reach to 0.51 and 1.31, respectively. Replacement of Cl by Br results in lower thermal conductivity and smaller bandgap, and thus larger the maximum ZT value. This work demonstrates that Rb2PdBr6 is a potential high‐performance p‐type thermoelectric perovskite material.
Preparation and Application of Nanozymes with Uricase‐Like Activity Based on Molecularly Imprinted Polymers
Authors: Liu Donghao , Yi Simin , Ni Xu , Zhang Jingjing , Wang Fangqi , Yang Ping , Liu Meiru , Peng Jun , Dramou Pierre , He Hua 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNanozymes have advantages over natural enzymes in terms of efficiency, stability, and economy. MVSM (Mixed Valence State MOF) is a nano‐oxidase with uricase‐like activity that may catalyze uric acid (UA) in the body into allantoin and H2O2 to treat gout and hyperuricemia by substituting natural uricase. However, it cannot specifically identify and choose UA. To increase the selectivity and affinity of MVSM for UA, the composite material MVSM@MIP is innovatively synthesized using a new synthetic approach termed the “two‐step synthesis method,” which may prevent UA from being oxidized by MVSM during manufacture in this study. At the same time, this study also provides experimental proof of the effective creation of the material, the advantages of the “two‐step synthesis approach,” and the high selectivity and affinity of MVSM@MIP for UA. Based on these findings, the suggested technique may be used to effectively catalyze uric acid in human urine with high activity.
Enhanced Optical and Electrical Interactions at the Pt/MgSe Interfaces Designed for 6G Communication Technology
Authors: Algarni Sabah E. , Qasrawi A. F. , Khusayfan Najla M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMagnesium selenide thin films are coated onto glass and semitransparent Pt substrates (nanosheets) by the vacuum evaporation technique under a vacuum pressure of 10−5 mbar. The effect of Pt nanosheets of thicknesses of 100 nm on the structural, compositional, optical, and electrical properties of MgSe is explored. It is found that platinum nanosheets enhance the light absorbability in the visible and infrared ranges of light. They slightly redshift the energy bandgap and decrease the dielectric constant. The strong interaction between Pt and MgSe increases the electrical conductivity by five orders of magnitude. Pt forms shallow impurity levels in the energy bandgap of MgSe allowing the tunneling process at the Pt/MgSe interfaces. Practically, a Pt/MgSe/Pt tunneling type device is fabricated and tested by the microwave impedance spectroscopy technique. It is found that Pt/MgSe/Pt devices can exhibit resonance–antiresonance and negative capacitance effects which are important in electronic circuits as parasitic capacitance cancelers, signal amplifiers, and noise reducers. In addition, evaluation of the cutoff frequency spectra has shown the ability of using the Pt/MgSe/Pt devices as microwave resonators appropriate for 5G/6G technologies. A cutoff frequency larger than 70 GHz can be achieved by imposing ac signal of amplitude of 0.10 V.