bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of a peer group-based online intervention program in empowering families of children with disabilities at home
Authors: Wakimizu Rie , Matsuzawa Akemi , Fujioka Hiroshi , Nishigaki Kaori , Sato Iori , Suzuki Seigo , Iwata Naoko 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundThe empowerment of families raising children with disabilities (CWD) is crucial in maintaining their health. We developed an evidence-based, family empowerment intervention program focusing on social resource utilization and reducing care burden.ObjectiveThis study aimed to determine the program's effectiveness in promoting family empowerment.MethodsWe compared an intervention group that started the online intervention program a week after initial evaluation and a group that received delayed intervention (waitlist-controlled group) at three time points: initial (T1), post-course (T2), and follow-up (T3). The required sample size was 52.ResultsThere were 60 participants who applied to the program. One participant dropped out due to scheduling issues, and the others were assigned to either the intervention group (n = 29) or the waitlist-controlled group (n = 30). Those who responded to the baseline questionnaire (T1: 26 from the intervention group; 29 from the waitlist-controlled group) comprised the final sample. Among them, 20 members of the intervention group and 20 of the waitlist-controlled group attended all four sessions (completion rates of 77% and 69%, respectively). The attendance rate for sessions 1–4 was 94%, 89%, 81%, and 83%, respectively. The participant numbers in each session ranged from 5 to 18 per month. The baseline outcome score did not differ between the groups. The primary outcome, family empowerment, measured using the family empowerment scale (FES), was significantly higher at T2 for the intervention group than in the waitlist-controlled group and was sustained in the sensitivity analysis. The intervention group's FES, in the family relationships (FA) and relationships with service systems (SS) subdomains, increased significantly, unlike involvement with the community (SP). The intervention group experienced lower care burden and higher self-compassion, especially in the isolation and over-identification items of the self-compassion scale-short form (SCS-SF). The intervention group's FES (total, FA, SS) and SCS-SF (total, common humanity, isolation) changed significantly between T1 and T2, and all, except common humanity, were sustained up to T3; this group's FES (SP) and SCS (negative score, over-identification) changed significantly between T1 and T3. The waitlist-controlled group's FES (total, FA) and SCS (total) changed significantly and were sustained between T2 and T3.ConclusionsThe developed intervention program promotes family empowerment in families of CWD.Clinical Trial RegistrationThis study is registered as a clinical trial in the UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (https://center6.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000050422, UMIN000044172).
Pharmacological interventions on smoking cessation: A systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Shang Xue , Guo Kangle , E. Fenfen , Deng Xinxin , Wang Yongsheng , Wang Ziyi , Wu Yanan , Xu Meng , Yang Chaoqun , Li Xiuxia , Yang Kehu 
Published: October 2022

Objective: A network meta-analysis based on randomized controlled trials was conducted to investigate the effects of pharmacological interventions on smoking cessation.Methods: English databases were searched to obtain randomized controlled trials reporting the effect of pharmacological interventions on smoking cessation. The risk of bias for the included trials was assessed using Cochrane Handbook tool. Stata 15.1 software was used to perform network meta-analysis, and GRADE approach was used to assess the evidence credibility on the effects of different interventions on smoking cessation.Results: A total of 159 studies involving 60,285 smokers were included in the network meta-analysis. The analysis involved 15 interventions and which yielded 105 pairs of comparisons. Network meta-analysis showed that varenicline was more helpful for smoking cessation than other monotherapies, such as nicotine replacement therapy [Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.42, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.16, 1.73)] and bupropion [OR = 1.52, 95% CI (1.22, 1.89)]. Furthermore, combined interventions were superior to monotherapy in achieving smoking cessation, such as varenicline plus bupropion over bupropion [OR = 2.00, 95% CI (1.11, 3.61)], varenicline plus nicotine replacement therapy over nicotine replacement therapy [OR = 1.84, 95% CI (1.07, 3.18)], and nicotine replacement therapy plus mecamylamine over naltrexone [OR = 6.29, 95% CI (1.59, 24.90)]. Finally, the surface under the cumulative ranking curve value indicated that nicotine replacement therapy plus mecamylamine had the greatest probability of becoming the best intervention.Conclusion: Most pharmacological interventions demonstrated a benefit in smoking cessation compared with placebo, whether monotherapy or combination therapy. Moreover, confirmed evidence suggested that some combination treatments, such as varenicline plus bupropion and nicotine replacement therapy plus mecamylamine have a higher probability of being the best smoking cessation in
Effects of sacubitril-valsartan on heart failure patients with mid-range ejection fractions: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Qin Jianbin , Wang Weijian , Wei Ping , Huang Ping , Lin Ruizhen , Yue Jinming 
Published: October 2022

Aim: The effect of sacubitril-valsartan (ARNI) in heart failure (HF) patients with mid-range ejection fractions (HFmrEF) remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of ARNI in HFmrEF patients.Methods: From inception to 15 February 2022, articles were searched via PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Whip, and Wanfang databases. Left ventricular functions, indicators related to HF, quality of life score, 6-Minute Walk Test, total effective rate, mortality, readmission rate, and adverse events were the outcomes. Relative risk (RR), weighted mean difference (WMD), and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to evaluate the outcomes. The heterogeneity test was conducted for each indicator and measured by I2 statistics. Subgroup analysis was performed regarding the type of study and duration of treatment.Results: Sixteen studies involving 1,937 patients were included in this study. Our results showed ARNI was likely to improve left ventricular function by increasing the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (WMD: 2.36, 95%CI: 1.09–3.62), stroke volume (WMD: 16.800, 95%CI: 11.385–22.215), and left ventricular short-axis shortening rate (WMD: 2.05, 95%CI: 0.25–3.86), decreasing left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (WMD: −2.48, 95%CI: −3.83 to −1.13), left atrial diameter (WMD: −2.23, 95%CI: −2.83 to −1.63), C-reactive protein level (WMD: −1.40, 95%CI: −2.62 to −0.18), and N-terminal-pro B-type natriuretic peptide level (WMD: −494.92, 95%CI: −641.34 to −348.50). ARNI has a higher total effective rate (RR: 1.15, 95%CI: 1.08–1.21), Kansas City cardiomyopathy questionnaire (WMD: 4.13, 95%CI: 3.46–4.81), and 6-Minute Walk Test (WMD: 51.35, 95%CI: 26.99–75.71) compared with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB). In addition, ARNI decreased the readmission rate (RR: 0.54, 95%CI: 0.43–0.68) (all p &lt; 0.05). Nevertheless, there were no significant differences in the adverse outcomes.Conclusion: This meta-analysis suggests ARNI may be an effective strategy with which to improve the left ventricular function, and quality of life, and reduce the readmission rate in HFmrEF patients. However, long-term clinical studies with large samples are still needed to further explore the efficacy and safety of ARNI compared with ACEI or ARB in the HFmrEF population.
Young adult carers' identification, characteristics, and support: A systematic review
Authors: Chevrier Basilie , Lamore Kristopher , Untas Aurélie , Dorard Géraldine 
Published: October 2022

Young Adult Carers (YAC) are informal carers aged 18–25 years. This is an unrecognized population. The present systematic review aims to respond to: (1) how YAC are identified in research; (2) the prevalence of YAC; (3) the characteristics of YAC; and (4) how to support YAC. Five electronic databases (Google Scholar, PsycArticle, PsycInfo, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, and PubMed) were searched for studies, scientific articles, and gray literature on YAC published prior to January 18, 2021. The quality of included studies was assessed using the Crow Critical Appraisal Tool, and a narrative method was used to underline major findings. Twenty-three studies were included and revealed that there were several ways to identify YAC, resulting in heterogeneous prevalence. Nine themes were highlighted for YAC characteristics (way into caring; care receiver; caring responsibilities; amount of caring; self-identification as a carer; living arrangement; physical, psychological, and adaptative outcomes; interpersonal relationships; education and employment); and three for YAC support (needs, available support services, and recommendations). The findings showed the diversity of YAC experiences. Although YAC expressed several needs, there are few or no support services devoted to them. More research is needed to improve political awareness.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021231882, identifier: CRD42021231882.
Mapping network connectivity between internet addiction and residual depressive symptoms in patients with depression
Authors: Cai Hong , Bai Wei , Yue Yan , Zhang Ling , Mi Wen-Fang , Li Yu-Chen , Liu Huan-Zhong , Du Xiangdong , Zeng Zhen-Tao , Lu Chang-Mou , Zhang Lan , Feng Ke-Xin , Ding Yan-Hong , Yang Juan-Juan , Jackson Todd , Cheung Teris , An Feng-Rong , Xiang Yu-Tao 
Published: October 2022

Background and aimsDepression often triggers addictive behaviors such as Internet addiction. In this network analysis study, we assessed the association between Internet addiction and residual depressive symptoms in patients suffering from clinically stable recurrent depressive disorder (depression hereafter).Materials and methodsIn total, 1,267 depressed patients were included. Internet addiction and residual depressive symptoms were measured using the Internet Addiction Test (IAT) and the two-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2), respectively. Central symptoms and bridge symptoms were identified via centrality indices. Network stability was examined using the case-dropping procedure.ResultsThe prevalence of IA within this sample was 27.2% (95% CI: 24.7–29.6%) based on the IAT cutoff of 50. IAT15 (“Preoccupation with the Internet”), IAT13 (“Snap or act annoyed if bothered without being online”) and IAT2 (“Neglect chores to spend more time online”) were the most central nodes in the network model. Additionally, bridge symptoms included the node PHQ1 (“Anhedonia”), followed by PHQ2 (“Sad mood”) and IAT3 (“Prefer the excitement online to the time with others”). There was no gender difference in the network structure.ConclusionBoth key central and bridge symptoms found in the network analysis could be potentially targeted in prevention and treatment for depressed patients with comorbid Internet addiction and residual depressive symptoms.
Evaluating strengths and opportunities for a co-created climate change curriculum: Medical student perspectives
Authors: Liu Irene , Rabin Benjamin , Manivannan Madhu , Laney Emaline , Philipsborn Rebecca 
Published: October 2022

IntroductionMedical trainees are front-line workers in our worsening climate and health crisis. A movement is underway to teach medical students essential climate change and health content. Few evaluations of climate and health curricula exist to support ongoing curricular development, innovation, and improvement. This study explores student perspectives on climate change and health content and delivery post-implementation of a climate change and health curriculum that was co-created by students and faculty and integrated across 16 months of pre-clinical coursework at Emory University School of Medicine.MethodsThe authors conducted focus groups with the inaugural cohort of students to receive the climate and health education content at the conclusion of their preclinical curriculum. The focus groups elicited student perspectives across four domains: (i) prior perceptions of climate change and health, (ii) current attitudes about climate change and health, (iii) reflections on the existing curriculum, and (iv) opportunities for the curriculum. In this qualitative evaluation, the authors coded focus group transcripts using an inductive content analysis approach.ResultsOut of 137 eligible students in the cohort, 13 (9.5%) participated in the focus groups. Implementation strategies that students valued included contextualization and integration of climate content within existing topics and student representation through the co-creation process. Students recommended bolstering small group sessions and case-based learning to build relevant history and physical examination skills as well as creating interprofessional and community-based opportunities.DiscussionThis evaluation offers in-depth student perspectives of our climate and health curriculum. Opportunities exist to synergize climate and health education with broader transformations in medicine toward health promotion and sustainable, climate-ready healthcare. From the input of focus groups, the authors derive a framework for strengthening and extending curricular content.
Bio-optical properties of the Brazilian Abrolhos Bank’s shallow coral-reef waters
Authors: Medeiros Thais Andrade Galvão , Zoffoli María Laura , Frouin Robert , Cortivo Fábio Dall , Cesar Gabriel Moiano , Kampel Milton 
Published: October 2022

The Abrolhos Bank harbors the richest coral reef ecosystem in the South Atlantic Ocean. It exhibits unique geomorphologic structures, is localized in shallow depths, and is divided into two reef regions with an inner arc close to the coast (3–20 m depth) and an outer deeper arc (5–30 m depth). This study aims to describe some bio-optical properties of the Abrolhos Bank waters and to evaluate the performance of the inversion Hyperspectral Optimization Processing Exemplar (HOPE) model, developed to retrieve optical properties in shallow waters, in the region. To this end, measurements at 75 stations during two field campaigns conducted during the 2013 and 2016 wet seasons were analyzed, and the HOPE model was applied to both in situ remote sensing reflectance (Rrs) spectra and PRecursore IperSpettrale della Missione Applicativa (PRISMA) imagery. Significant differences in optical and biological properties were found between the two arcs. The empirical relationships between chlorophyll-a concentration (Chl-a) and absorption coefficient of phytoplankton at 440 nm (aphy(440)) diverged from Bricaud’s models, suggesting differences in phytoplankton diversity and cell size. In both arcs, total non-water absorption coefficient at 440 nm (aT-w(440)) was dominated by colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) by ∼60%. Absorption coefficient by CDOM (acdom) presented a higher variability within the outer arc, with the lowest contribution from non-algal particles (NAPs), and the spectral slopes of aCDOM resembled those of the inner arc. The spectral slopes of the NAP absorption coefficient suggested a dominance by organic rather than mineral particles that probably originated from biological production. The HOPE model applied to in situ Rrs performed satisfactorily for depth in the Abrolhos Bank waters, although retrievals of aphy(440), CDOM plus NAP (adg(440)) and aT-w(440) were underestimated with a relative bias of −27.9%, −32.1% and −45.8%, respectively. The HOPE model retrievals from the PRISMA image exhibited low aphy(440) values over the whole scene and the highest adg(440) values in the Caravelas river plume. Very shallow depths (≤3 m), bottom substrate reflectance used as input in the HOPE model, model parametrization associated with the water complexity in the study site, and uncertainties associated to Rrs measurements used as input might be responsible for differences found when comparing HOPE retrievals with in situ measurements.
Linking remote sensing, in situ and laboratory spectroscopy for a Ryugu analog meteorite sample
Authors: Maturilli Alessandro , Schwinger Sabrina , Bonato Enrica , Helbert Jörn , Baqué Mickael , Hamm Maximilian , Alemanno Giulia , D’Amore Mario 
Published: October 2022

In 2022 JAXA issued an Announcement of Opportunity (AO) for receiving Hayabusa2 samples returned to Earth. We responded to the AO submitting a proposal based on using a multi-prong approach to achieve two main goals. The first goal is to address the subdued contrast of remote-sensing observations compared to measurements performed under laboratory conditions on analog materials. For this we will link the hyperspectral and imaging data collected from the spacecraft and the in-situ observations from the MASCOT lander instruments (MARA and MASCam) with laboratory-based measurements of Hayabusa2 samples using bi-directional reflectance spectroscopy under simulated asteroid surface conditions from UV to MIR/FIR achieved using three Bruker Vertex 80 V spectrometers in the Planetary Spectroscopy Laboratory. The second goal is the investigation of the mineralogy and organic matter of the samples collected by Hayabusa2, to better understanding the evolution of materials characterizing Ryugu and in general of protoplanetary disk and organic matter, investigating the aqueous alteration that took place in the parent body, and comparing the results with data collected from pristine carbonaceous chondrite analog meteorites. Spectral data will be complemented by Raman spectroscopy under simulated asteroid surface conditions, X-ray diffraction, would also allow us to define the bulk mineralogy of the samples as well as investigate the presence and nature of organic matter within the samples. In situ mineralogical and geochemical characterization will involve a pre-characterization of the sample fragments through scanning electron microscopy low voltage electron dispersive X-ray (EDX) maps, and micro IR analyses of the fragments. If allowed, a thin section of one grain will be used for electron microprobe analyses to geochemically characterize its mineralogical composition. To train our data collection and analysis methods on a realistic sample, we selected a piece of the Mukundpura meteorite, as one of the closer analogs to Ryugu’s surface (Ray et al., Planetary and Space Science, 2018, 151, 149–154). The Mukundpura chunk we selected for this study measures 3 mm in its maximum dimension, and we chose it so to have a test sample of the same size as the Hayabusa2 grain we requested in our proposal to JAXA’s AO. The test gave us confidence that we can measure with good SNR measurements in bi-directional reflectance for samples around 3 mm in size (see Figures 3, 4 below). To address our second goal the spectral data was complemented by Raman spectroscopy measured again under simulated asteroid surface conditions in our Raman Mineralogy and Biodetection Laboratory at DLR.
Factors for selective ultrasound screening in newborns with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH)
Authors: Angsanuntsukh Chanika , Patathong Tanyaporn , Klaewkasikum Krongkaew , Jungtheerapanich Witoon , Saisongcroh Tanyawat , Mulpruek Pornchai , Woratanarat Patarawan 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundHip ultrasound screening for DDH provides better sensitivity compared to physical examination. Due to a lower prevalence and limited resources, selective hip ultrasound in newborns at risk could be considered a proper screening protocol in Thailand and Asian countries.ObjectiveThis study was aimed to evaluate risk factors and define criteria for selective screening.MethodsA case-control study was conducted in 2020. All newborns with hip ultrasound screening were included. Cases were defined as newborns with abnormal hip ultrasounds, while controls were those with normal studies. Inter and intra-rater reliability were evaluated. All factors were analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression. The model performance was tested by Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit. Internal validity was performed by the split data method. Area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was estimated.ResultsNinety-five newborns (29 cases and 66 controls) were included. Eighty percent of cases and 58% of controls were female. The gestational age was 36.6 and 37.7 weeks in case and control, respectively. Female, breech presentation, positive Ortolani test, positive Barlow test, and limited hip abduction were significant factors with odds ratio of 2.82, 5.12, 34.21, 69.64, and 5.48, respectively. The final model included breech presentation, positive Ortolani test, and positive Barlow test. The model cut-off value 15.02 provided sensitivity (93.10%) and specificity were (80.30%). The area under the ROC curve was 0.9308. The split data remained significant internal validity for all factors with p-value &lt; 0.05.ConclusionCareful history taking and physical examination are essential to identify the risk factors for DDH. Newborns with breech presentation, positive Ortolani test and positive Barlow test should be screened by hip ultrasound.
Estimation of the Critical Value of the Second-Phase Particles in the Microstructure of AZ31 Mg Alloy by Phase-Field Methods
Authors: Wu Yan , Xiong Jinlin , Luo Qiang , Chen Jibing , Zeng Rutie , Wang Shuo 
Published: October 2022

In this study, phase-field models were employed to simulate the effects of second-phase particles (SPPs) on grain growth of the AZ31 Mg alloy, under realistic spatial and temporal scales, at 350 °C, during annealing. The particle sizes ranged from 0 to 7 μm, and the particles with large volume fractions were used in the paper. The results reveal that the volume fractions and sizes of the SPP affect grain growth and that the volume fractions and sizes of the SPP on pinning exhibited critical values. When the SPP volume fraction is f = 5%, the SPP is at the maximum critical size, rμmmax; when the SPP size is r=1 μm, the SPP minimum critical volume fraction is fmin = 0.25% and the maximum critical volume fraction is fmax = 20%. The critical values increase with the increase of the sizes or volume fractions of the second-phase particles. Finally, the average grain size, particle size, and particle volume fraction obtained from the simulation were fitted according to the Zener relationship, and the obtained results showed that the fitting indices were in the range of 0.33–0.50. The results were compared with the experimental results. The simulation results obtained in this study will provide an important academic reference for understanding the mechanism and law of grain growth, an important reference for accurate control of grain size and properties of the material, a reference for the development of the annealing treatment process of Mg alloy, and a theoretical guide for the use of recrystallization process to control the microstructure of Mg alloy and improve the plastic-forming properties.