bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From the ground up: Patterns and perceptions of herbaceous diversity in organic coffee agroecosystems
Authors: Archibald Sarah , Allinne Clementine , Cerdán Carlos R. , Isaac Marney E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Smallholder farms that transition to organic and biodiverse production are increasingly recognized as strongholds of agrobiodiversity, with emerging work identifying important outcomes such as enhancing crop portfolios, mitigating extreme climate events and contributing to farmer well‐being. Yet the emergent herbaceous communities in these organic systems remain understudied, with the functional diversity and management of this stratum relatively unknown.
This study identifies the taxonomic and functional diversity of the herbaceous community in organic coffee agroforestry systems, and describes the extent of this diversity with farm, and farmer, attributes. We measured leaf‐level functional traits (e.g. specific leaf area) of the herbaceous community to derive functional diversity indices and collected localized environmental conditions on 15 organic coffee farms in Central Valley, Costa Rica. We also conducted semi‐structured interviews with nine farmers to construct mental models on herbaceous community management using a cognitive mapping approach.
In total, 38 species from 20 taxonomic families were present in these organic coffee systems. The herbaceous communities were functionally diverse; however, functional evenness increased with canopy openness, suggesting that farms adopting agroforestry tend to have a more functionally diverse herbaceous stratum.
Farmer perception of plant traits in the herbaceous community was differentiated into competitive (weeds) or neutral/positive effects. These perceptions aligned with well‐established functional trait trade‐offs. The mental models representing farmer decision‐making processes were highly variable, with a nearly 30% increase in cognitive map density from the simplest map to the most complex; this complexity in mental models was a key explanatory variable in the level of functional diversity of the herbaceous community.
Organic management practices that support agroforestry practices also, in turn, promote a functionally diverse herbaceous stratum. We show that functional trait syndromes in these herbaceous communities in agroforestry systems are linked with farmer perceptions of traits, and that highly interconnected farm decision‐making is related to greater functional diversity in the herbaceous community. Understanding pathways of farmer decision‐making on managing this herbaceous community can appropriately situate on‐farm practice and policy for the transition to organic production, and inform emerging agri‐environmental programs.
Real‐time analysis and display of quantitative measures to track and improve clinical workflow
Authors: Munbodh Reshma , Roth Toni M. , Leonard Kara L. , Court Robert C. , Shukla Utkarsh , Andrea Sarah , Gray Marissa , Leichtman Gregg , Klein Eric E. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPurposeRadiotherapy treatment planning is a complex process with multiple, dependent steps involving an interdisciplinary patient care team. Effective communication and real‐time tracking of resources and care path activities are key for clinical efficiency and patient safety.Materials and MethodsWe designed and implemented a secure, interactive web‐based dashboard for patient care path, clinical workflow, and resource utilization management. The dashboard enables visualization of resource utilization and tracks progress in a patient's care path from the time of acquisition of the planning CT to the time of treatment in real‐time. It integrates with the departmental electronic medical records (EMR) system without the creation and maintenance of a separate database or duplication of work by clinical staff. Performance measures of workflow were calculated.ResultsThe dashboard implements a standardized clinical workflow and dynamically consolidates real‐time information queried from multiple tables in the EMR database over the following views: (1) CT Sims summarizes patient appointment information on the CT simulator and patient load; (2) Linac Sims summarizes patient appointment times, setup history, and notes, and patient load; (3) Task Status lists the clinical tasks associated with a treatment plan, their due date, status and ownership, and patient appointment details; (4) Documents provides the status of all documents in the patients' charts; and (5) Diagnoses and Interventions summarizes prescription information, imaging instructions and whether the plan was approved for treatment. Real‐time assessment and quantification of progress and delays in a patient's treatment start were achieved.ConclusionsThis study indicates it is feasible to develop and implement a dashboard, tailored to the needs of an interdisciplinary team, which derives and integrates information from the EMR database for real‐time analysis and display of resource utilization and clinical workflow in radiation oncology. The framework developed facilitates informed, data‐driven decisions on clinical workflow management as we seek to optimize clinical efficiency and patient safety.
Biomechanically‐Adapted Immunohydrogels Reconstructing Myelin Sheath for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration
Authors: Wang Yifan , Yan Zhiwen , Liu Wenjun , Liu Chunlin , Xu Nan , Wu Yixian , Sun Fengbo , Wang Xiumei , Qian Yun , Jiang Le , Sun Xiaodan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMyelin sheath reconstruction plays an important role in peripheral nerve regeneration. But the hindered reconstruction of myelin sheath, due to the inadequate repair phenotypes of macrophages and Schwann cells after peripheral nerve injury, often causes poor functional nerve recovery. Here, biomechanically‐adapted immunohydrogels are prepared as the FK506‐loaded platforms and nerve tissue engineering scaffolds to reconstruct myelin sheath for peripheral nerve regeneration. By immunofluorescent staining, an increase in the proportion of F4/80+ markers reveals that the biomechanically‐adapted scaffolds facilitate recruitment of macrophages. Furthermore, the high Interleukin 10 (IL‐10) mRNA expression level suggests the anti‐inflammation learning effects of FK506 in vitro, which is further confirmed by a high CD206/TNF‐α ratio in the FK506 Gel group in vivo. The immune learning effects are positively related to the increase in compactness and thickness of myelin sheath, indicating the synergy of structural reconstruction of myelin sheath and M2 phenotype polarization of macrophages. All these data indicate that the biomechanically‐adapted immunohydrogels enhance recruitment of macrophages, educate M2 polarization of macrophages and promote a neuroprotective environment, which in consequence reconstructs myelin sheath for peripheral nerve regeneration.
Copper‐Catalyzed Acylhalogenation of 3‐Methylanthranils with Acid Halides: Synthesis of N‐(2‐(2‐Haloyl)phenyl)amides
Authors: Liang Baihui , Wen Tingting , Chen Guanrui , Cai Zechun , Xu Jucai , Chen Xiuwen , Zhu Zhongzhi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA copper‐catalyzed acylhalogenation reaction of 3‐methylanthranils with acid halides, which utilizes the acyl halide as both the acylating and halogenating source, is described. This process involves N−O/C−H/C−X bond cleavages and C−N/C−X bond formations to furnish N‐(2‐(2‐haloyl)phenyl)amides. Furthermore, this difunctional conversion using the N−O bond and oxygen as oxidants displays good tolerance for different functional groups.magnified image
One Pot Synthesis of 1,2‐Disubstituted Ethanones by Base‐Mediated Reductive Homocoupling of Aldehydes
Authors: Zhang Guohui , Liang Qianqian , Yang Wei , Jiang Shaohua , Wang Zhiping , Zhang Chunyan , Zhang Guoying 
Published: August 2022

AbstractReductive homocoupling transformations mediated by bases and TMSCN have been used as a strategy for synthesis of 1,2‐disubstituted ethanones. This protocol provides a method for synthesizing functionalized ethanones from aldehydes in one pot without transition metals.magnified image
Catalyst‐Free, One‐Pot, Three‐Component Synthesis of 3‐Arylsulfonylated Thioflavones
Authors: Bhat Vighneshwar Shridhar , Lee Anna 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA one‐pot, three‐component synthesis of 3‐arylsulfonylated thioflavones has been developed. The reactions were carried out without using any catalysts or additives. The desired products were obtained through intramolecular radical cyclization. This process provides an alternative route for the synthesis of thioflavone derivatives, which have been found in various bioactive compounds.magnified image
Property Regulation Principle in Mn‐Doped BF–BT Ceramics: Competitive Control of Domain Switching By Defect Dipoles and Domain Configuration
Authors: Li Bing , Li Chongyang , Zheng Ting , Wu Jiagang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMn‐doping is reported to be an effective strategy to obtain better electrical property in bismuth ferrite‐barium titanate (BF‐BT)‐based ceramics, while the property regulation principle and its potential physical mechanism is still poorly understood. For disclose the veil of Mn‐doping enhancing properties, the typical material system BF‐BT–xMnO2mol% is designed and the effects of Mn‐doping on multilevel structures and external fields stimulated electrical properties are deeply investigated. Mn‐doping induced structure disorder and defect dipoles lead to the formation of nanodomain and the variation of local structure, contributing to intrinsic enhancement of polarization. Especially, electrical properties under different electric and temperature fields reveal that there is a competitive control of domain switching by defects and domain configuration, which is also verified by domain writing technology and switching spectroscopy piezore‐sponse force microscopy. That is, the defect dipoles have pinning effect on domain to hinder domain switching, leading to smaller polarization and indistinctive electrostrain at low fields. While the nanodomain reduces intrinsic coercive field and promotes domain switching, generating much larger polarization and electrostrain at high fields. lt is believed the decoding of domain switching behavior controlled by defect and domain can provide a paradigm to understand the property evolution in chemically modified BF‐BT.
Optical Vortices with A Quadratic Azimuthal Phase Dependence
Authors: Ikonnikov Denis A. , Kotlyar Victor V. , Kovalev Alexey A. , Vyunishev Andrey M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe light diffraction on fork‐shaped binary phase holograms (BPHs) with quadratic azimuthal phase term is considered. The distribution of intensity and phase, including positions of singularities and their number on the value of the quadratic term is revealed and analyzed. A simple analytical expression for the total topological charge (TC) of optical vortices (OVs) is derived for arbitrary power of azimuthal phase dependence. In order to visualize the phase distributions and phase singularities, interference measurements are carried out. The results of analytical and numerical calculations are confirmed by experimental data. These results may provide new possibilities for optical trapping and manipulation.
Highly Strained Bi‐MOF on Bismuth Oxyhalide Support with Tailored Intermediate Adsorption/Desorption Capability for Robust CO2 Photoreduction
Authors: Yue Xiaoyang , Cheng Lei , Li Fang , Fan Jiajie , Xiang Quanjun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHerein, using as‐designed surface‐mounted Bismuth‐based metal‐organic framework (Bi‐MOF) on two‐dimensional BiOBr support, as an operable platform for site‐specific strain engineering to tailor the intermediate adsorption/desorption capability in CO2 photocatalytic conversion is proposed. Giant compressive strain up to 7.85 % is successfully induced on the surface‐mounted Bi‐MOF revealed by HRTEM images and geometric phase analysis as well as in situ Raman characterization, which largely downshifts the p band center of Bi nodes and intensifies their unsaturated state. In‐depth explorations are put onto p‐p (Bi 6p and CO2/CO 2p) orbital hybridization. Taking the adsorption process as an example, the 1π and 7σ frontier molecule orbitals of CO2 2p for both the strain‐free and strained models shift downwards the Fermi level, indicative of fast adsorption of CO2. Meanwhile, strain engineering further induces new non‐degenerate orbital overlapping near 1π and intensified overlapping of 7σ orbitals, stimulating the fast activation of absorbed CO2 molecules.
Luminescence Lifetime Imaging Based on Lanthanide Nanoparticles
Authors: Zhu Xinyan , Wang Xiaohan , Zhang Hongxin , Zhang Fan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLuminescence lifetime imaging has exhibited significant advantages over traditional optical imaging in terms of precise quantification detection because of the intrinsic stability of luminescence lifetimes. Recently, great emphasis has been put on the exploration of lanthanide‐doped nanoparticles (LnNPs) with long‐lived luminescence. The long luminescence lifetime of LnNPs not only makes it easier to filter out background signals during imaging, but also provides a wide range of tunable lifetime. Here, we introduce the luminescence mechanisms of LnNPs, the key strategies for luminescence lifetime modulation, data acquisition methods, and several cutting‐edge applications in lifetime imaging systems. Then we describe several prospects to inspire efforts for improving technologies and extending applications of luminescence lifetime imaging.
ppm Pd‐Containing Nanoparticles as Catalysts for Negishi Couplings … in Water
Authors: Hu Yuting , Wong Madison J. , Lipshutz Bruce H. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractNew technology is reported that enables Negishi couplings to be run under sustainable, far greener conditions. Thus, ppm Pd‐containing nanoparticles (NPs) have been developed that catalyze couplings in recyclable water under very mild conditions. These heterogeneous reactions involve loadings of Pd of typically only 2500 ppm (0.25 mol %). Highly functionalized aromatic and heteroaromatic bromides readily participate, including examples taken from the Merck Informer Library indicative of the functional group tolerance associated with these couplings. Direct comparisons with existing literature routes are made. Very low residual levels of Pd in newly formed products are to be expected, as determined by ICP‐MS. The reagent involved has been extensively characterized via DLS, TEM, cryo‐TEM, and EDX measurements.
Highly Efficient Near‐Infrared Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescent Emitters in Non‐Doped Electroluminescent Devices
Authors: Zhao Mengyu , Li Mengke , Li Wei , Du Songyu , Chen Zhenyu , Luo Ming , Qiu Yi , Lu Xumin , Yang Shengyi , Wang Zhichuan , Zhang Jiashen , Su Shi‐Jian , Ge Ziyi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractConstructing organic near‐infrared (NIR) luminescent materials to confront the formidable barrier of “energy gap law” remains challenging. Herein, two NIR thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) molecules named T‐β‐IQD and TIQD were developed by connectingN,N‐diphenylnaphthalen‐2‐amine and triphenylamine with a novel electron withdrawing unit 6‐(4‐(tert‐butyl)phenyl)‐6H‐indolo[2,3‐b]quinoxaline‐2,3‐dicarbonitrile. It is confirmed NIR‐TADF emitters concurrent with aggregation‐induced emission effect, J‐aggregate with intra‐ and intermolecular CN⋅⋅⋅H−C and C−H⋅⋅⋅π interactions, and large center‐to‐center distance in solid states can boost the emissive efficiencies both in thin films and non‐doped organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). Consequently, the T‐β‐IQD‐based non‐doped NIR‐OLED achieved the maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of 9.44 % with emission peak at 711 nm, which is one of the highest efficiencies reported to date for non‐doped NIR‐OLEDs.
Metal Nanoparticles on Lipophilic Nanographenes
Authors: Takahashi Shusaku , Sekiya Ryo , Haino Takeharu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractUtilization of graphitic domains on nanographenes (NGs) for anchoring metal nanoparticles (NPs) can open the door for their applications in catalysis. Reported examples employ hydrophilic graphene oxides as substrates, making it difficult to coexist with organic substrates in organic solvents. The title NGs are metal NP‐doped lipophilic NGs (M‐NG1). Various metal cations form NPs with a diameter of a few to tens of nanometers on the basal plane. Owing to the lipophilic nature of NG1, M‐NG1 is prepared by the reduction of the basal plane with sodium in THF followed by the addition of metal salts. Au‐NPs on NG1 allow anchoring an organic thiol carrying an anthracene fluorophore, which is a proof of concept of composite materials utilizing the surface of NGs. The assessment of the catalytic function of Pd‐NG1 reveals that chlorobenzene and bromobenzene yield a coupling product, and fluorobenzene also undergoes the reactions, demonstrating the catalytic function of Pd‐NG1.
Transition‐Metal‐Free Barium Hydride Mediates Dinitrogen Fixation and Ammonia Synthesis
Authors: Guan Yeqin , Liu Chuangwei , Wang Qianru , Gao Wenbo , Hansen Heine Anton , Guo Jianping , Vegge Tejs , Chen Ping 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTransition‐metal‐mediated dinitrogen fixation has been intensively investigated. The employment of main group elements for this vital reaction has recently sparked interest because of new dinitrogen reaction chemistry. We report ammonia synthesis via a chemical looping process mediated by a transition‐metal‐free barium hydride (BaH2). Experimental and computational studies reveal that the introduction of hydrogen vacancies is essential for creating multiple coordinatively unsaturated Ba sites for N2 activation. The adjacent lattice hydridic hydrogen (H−) then undergoes both reductive elimination and reductive protonation to convert N2 to NHx. The ammonia production rate supports this hydride‐vacancy mechanism via a chemical looping route that far exceeds that of a catalytic process. The BaH2‐mediated chemical looping process has prospects in future technologies for ammonia synthesis using transition‐metal‐free materials.
Transmembrane Shuttling of Photosynthetically Produced Electrons to Propel Extracellular Biocatalytic Redox Reactions in a Modular Fashion
Authors: Jurkaš Valentina , Weissensteiner Florian , De Santis Piera , Vrabl Stephan , Sorgenfrei Frieda A. , Bierbaumer Sarah , Kara Selin , Kourist Robert , Wangikar Pramod P. , Winkler Christoph K. , Kroutil Wolfgang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMany biocatalytic redox reactions depend on the cofactor NAD(P)H, which may be provided by dedicated recycling systems. Exploiting light and water for NADPH‐regeneration as it is performed, e.g. by cyanobacteria, is conceptually very appealing due to its high atom economy. However, the current use of cyanobacteria is limited, e.g. by challenging and time‐consuming heterologous enzyme expression in cyanobacteria as well as limitations of substrate or product transport through the cell wall. Here we establish a transmembrane electron shuttling system propelled by the cyanobacterial photosynthesis to drive extracellular NAD(P)H‐dependent redox reactions. The modular photo‐electron shuttling (MPS) overcomes the need for cloning and problems associated with enzyme‐ or substrate‐toxicity and substrate uptake. The MPS was demonstrated on four classes of enzymes with 19 enzymes and various types of substrates, reaching conversions of up to 99 % and giving products with >99 % optical purity.
Physical and Chemical Cues at the Nano–Bio Interface for Immunomodulation
Authors: Wang Feng‐Yuan , Qiu Tianze , Ling Yun , Yang Yannan , Zhou Yaming 
Published: August 2022

AbstractImmunomodulation has made remarkable progress in fighting infectious disease and cancer. Conventionally, immunomodulation largely relies on chemical/biochemical agents, which, unfortunately, suffer from sever off‐target adverse effects. Recent insights into nano–bio interactions suggest that nanomaterials can directly participate in immunomodulation. A range of physical and chemical cues at the nano–bio interface have been harnessed to regulate diverse immuno‐signaling for disease control and treatment. In this Minireview, we summarize recent studies on the physical and chemical cues enabled by intrinsic nanomaterials to trigger immunological signaling. First, we discuss physical cues mediated by surface topography, hydrophobicity, charge, and heat at the nano–bio interface for immunomodulation. Then, various nanomaterials enabled chemical cues, such as metal species and oxidative species are outlined. Finally, our perspectives on challenges and possible future directions are provided.
Enhancing physicochemical, mechanical, and bioactive performances of monetite nanoparticles reinforced chitosan‐PEO electrospun scaffold for bone tissue engineering
Authors: Singh Yogendra Pratap , Mishra Balaram , Gupta Mukesh Kumar , Mishra Narayan Chandra , Dasgupta Sudip 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn the current work, monetite (DCPA) nanoparticles incorporated chitosan (CH)‐based composite was prepared using by electrospinning technique. A smooth and defect‐free fibrous matrix with an average fiber diameter in the range between 311 ± 13 to 380 ± 28 nm was obtained for 5 wt% (CH‐DCPA5) and 7 wt% DCPA (CH‐DCPA7) containing electrospun scaffolds. The results indicated that the addition of 7 wt% DCPA nanoparticles to chitosan caused an increase in the tensile strength of scaffolds from 6.2 to 12.34 MPa. A slow degradation rate (~37% in 28 days) indicates its suitability for bone tissue regeneration. A study on the biomineralization capability of the electrospun scaffolds after their immersion in simulated body fluid in vitro revealed that the addition of DCPA strongly promoted the deposition of the apatite layer onto electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds. The culture of MG‐63 osteoblast cells on the scaffolds demonstrated that the incorporation of DCPA nanoparticles into the chitosan polymeric matrix helped in the adhesion, spreading, and migration of cells. CH‐DCPA5 and CH‐DCPA7 scaffolds exhibited a higher capacity to proliferate osteoblast cell lines as compared to pure CH scaffold as confirmed by MTT assay and qualitative cell viability analysis from fluorescence microscopy. Immunocytochemistry analysis for osteocalcin expression revealed a higher capacity of DCPA‐containing scaffolds to differentiate MG‐63 cells into bone lineage as compared to pure chitosan scaffolds. DCPA incorporation into chitosan also resulted in MG‐63 cultured on to it to elicit higher alkaline phosphatase activity suggesting the highest capacity of CH‐DCPA7 to differentiate MG 63 cell line among all the scaffolds studied here. The results indicated superior osteogenic properties of DCPA nanoparticle reinforced chitosan matrix for use in BTE in the form of nanofibrous scaffolds.
Advance in barnacle cement with high underwater adhesion
Authors: Xu Zhenzhen , Liu Zhongcheng , Zhang Chao , Xu Donggang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAdhesives play an important role in the areas of biomedicine and engineering manufacture. Barnacle cement is a polyprotein complex secreted by barnacle, which can bind with various kinds of underwater substances; therefore, becoming a hotspot of new bionic adhesive materials because of its superior adhesion. The low solubility and complicated secretion process of barnacle cement hinder current understanding of its components, physicochemical properties, synthetic process, and so forth. This review mainly summarizes the latest research advances and applicable potentials of barnacle cement characterized by rapid adhesion, uneasy degradation, polymerized curing in an underwater environment, and so forth, and provides reference for both research and development of bioinspired synthetic wet adhesives.