bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Segmentation juridique et colonialisme en Afrique subsaharienne: l'informalité comme héritage d'une norme du travail basée sur l'exploitation
Authors: FECHNER Heiner 
Published: December 2022

RésuméLes marchés du travail de l'Afrique subsaharienne se caractérisent par une répartition asymétrique des hommes et des femmes entre secteurs formel et informel, imputable à une segmentation juridique fondée sur la race et le genre héritée des régimes coloniaux qui régissaient, notamment, le travail. Comprendre la segmentation des marchés du travail dans les contextes postcoloniaux, ou tenter de la surmonter, suppose de rechercher dans les institutions coloniales les origines de la marchandisation du travail. Celle‐ci découle d'une norme coloniale du travail basée sur l'exploitation, centrée sur les travailleurs africains masculins au service d'employeurs européens et excluant ou marginalisant les femmes et le travail domestique.
Unveiling surface stability and oxygen diffusion of rare‐earth zirconate pyrochlores by density functional theory
Authors: Zhao Juanli , Ching Wai‐Yim , Lai Mengling , Fan Yun , Li Jiancheng , Li Yiran , Li Wenxian , Liu Bin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe surface structures, bond variations, and segregation of oxygen vacancies play crucial roles in the structural stability and functionality of nanocrystalline rare‐earth zirconate pyrochlores. In this work, the stabilities of (1 0 0), (1 1 0), and (1 1 1) surfaces of pyrochlore A2Zr2O7 (A = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, or Gd) are investigated by first‐principles calculations. Surface reconstruction occurs on (1 1 0) surface with a transition of ZrO6 octahedron to ZrO4 tetrahedron, leading to their large relaxation energies. In combination with the small amount of broken bonds during the surface formation process, the (1 1 0) surfaces are identified having the lowest surface formation energies than the (1 0 0) and (1 1 1) surfaces. Moreover, the reconstructed (1 1 0) surface has characteristics of the segregation of oxygen vacancies. The surface oxygen vacancies have the low migration barriers (<1.2 eV), which are comparable with those in bulk and ensure the long‐distance diffusion of oxygen vacancies in A2Zr2O7. These discoveries provide fundamental insight to the surface structure and related oxygen vacancy behavior, which are expected to guide the optimization of the surface related properties for nanocrystalline rare‐earth zirconates.
Nondestructive detection of insect foreign bodies in finished tea products using THz‐TDS combination of baseline correction and variable selection algorithms
Authors: Sun Xudong , Xu Chao , Li Jiajun , Xie Dongfu , Gong Zhiyuan , Fu Wei , Wang Xinpeng 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCurrent technology of x‐ray imaging detects hard foreign bodies (metal)effectively and extends to plastic, however, soft foreign bodies regarded as undetectable to x‐ray imaging is still a challenge for food safety. Terahertz time‐domain spectroscopy (THz‐TDS) combined with baseline correction and variable selection were employed to discriminate insect foreign bodies in finished tea products. Compared with THz‐TDS absorption coefficient, the accuracy was improved from 88.6% to 97.7% by the use of THz‐TDS time‐domain signals combined with adaptive iteratively reweighted penalized least squares (AirPLS) and Monte Carlo uninformative variable elimination (MC‐UVE) algorithms. Conversely, variable selection algorithms failed to improve the performance of partial least square discrimination analysis (PLS‐DA) model. The results suggested it was feasible to detect insect foreign bodies mixed in the finished tea products using THz time‐domain signals combined with baseline correction and variable selection algorithms. This work provided an alternative method for low‐density food foreign bodies detection using THz‐TDS technology.Practical applicationsTHz time‐domain signals directly applied to calibrate and predict during insect foreign bodies detection without consideration of additional parameter of sample thickness. THz‐TDS system could fix to the tea packaging line for foreign bodies detection and control.
Validation of an Artificial Intelligence driven framework to automatically detect red flag symptoms in screening for rare diseases in electronic health records: hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis polyneuropathy as a key example
Authors: Hens Dries , Wyers Lore , Claeys Kristl G. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRare life‐threatening conditions, such as multisystemic hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTRv) polyneuropathy, are often underdiagnosed or diagnosed late in the disease course, although early diagnosis is crucial for treatment success. Red flag symptoms have been identified, but manual screening of multidisciplinary medical records on this set of symptoms is time‐consuming. This study aimed to validate a Natural Language Processing (NLP) algorithm to perform such a search in an automated manner, in order to improve early diagnosis and treatment. A novel state‐of‐the‐art NLP procedure was applied to extract red flag symptoms from patients' electronic medical records and to select patients at risk for ATTRv polyneuropathy for further clinical review. Accuracy of the algorithm was assessed through comparison with a manual standard on a random sample of 300 patients. Out of a retrospective sample of 1015 patients, the NLP algorithm yielded 128 patients with three or more red flag symptoms of which 69 patients were considered eligible for genetic testing after clinical review. High accuracy was found in the detection of red flag symptoms, with F1 scores between 0.88 and 0.98. A relative increase of 48.6% in genetic testing, to identify patients with a rare disease earlier, was demonstrated. An NLP algorithm, after clinical validation, offers a valid and accurate tool to detect red flag symptoms in medical records across multiple disciplines, supporting better screening for patients with rare diseases. This opens the door to further NLP applications, facilitating rapid diagnosis and early treatment of rare diseases.
Aesthetic considerations when treating the Latin American patient: Thriving in diversity international roundtable series
Authors: Fabi Sabrina Guillen , Hernandez Claudia , Montes José Raúl , Cotofana Sebastian , Dayan Steve 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe Hispanic/Latin American population is the fastest growing non‐Caucasian group in the United States. Within this group, demand for aesthetic procedures is on the rise. High ethnic variability among these patients influences treatment approaches and patient priorities. Understanding these ethnic differences is central to providing optimal care.AimsTo discuss similarities and differences in anatomy and treatment preferences of Hispanic/Latin American patients both within the United States and internationally and explore how these differences may influence or inform aesthetic practices.Patients/MethodsIn support of clinicians who wish to serve a diverse patient population, a 6‐part, international roundtable series focused on diversity in aesthetics was conducted from August 24, 2021 to May 16, 2022. In this roundtable, held in Medellin, Columbia, expert clinicians from across Latin America and the United States were invited to contribute and share best practices.ResultsThe results of the second roundtable in the series, the Latin American Patient, are described here. A special emphasis is placed on procedures that address the most commonly encountered concerns in these patients.ConclusionsHispanic and Latino patients represent a broad demographic with unique anatomical features, aesthetic preferences, and treatment priorities. Clinicians should consider these differences when treating this patient population.
Brain 18F‐FDG‐PET and an optimized cingulate island ratio to differentiate Lewy body dementia and Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Woyk Katharina , Sahlmann Carsten Oliver , Hansen Niels , Timäus Charles , Müller Sebastian Johannes , Khadhraoui Eya , Wiltfang Jens , Lange Claudia , Bouter Caroline 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackground and PurposeThe diagnosis of Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB) is challenging due to various clinical presentations and clinical and neuropathological features that overlap with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The use of 18F‐Fluorodeoxyglucose‐PET (18F‐FDG‐PET) can be limited due to similar patterns in DLB and AD. However, metabolism in the posterior cingulate cortex is known to be relatively preserved in DLB and visual assessment of the “cingulate island sign” became a helpful tool in the analysis of 18F‐FDG‐PET. The aim of this study was the evaluation of visual and semiquantitative 18F‐FDG‐PET analyses in the diagnosis of DLB and the differentiation to AD as well as its relation to other dementia biomarkers.MethodsThis retrospective study comprises 81 patients with a clinical diagnosis of DLB or AD that underwent 18F‐FDG‐PET/CT. PET scans were analyzed visually and semiquantitatively and results were compared to clinical data, cerebrospinal fluid results, dopamine transporter scintigraphy, and 18F‐Florbetaben‐PET. Furthermore, different cingulate island ratios were calculated to analyze their diagnostic accuracy.ResultsVisual assessment of 18F‐FDG‐PET showed an accuracy of 62%‐77% in differentiating between DLB and AD. Standard uptake values were significantly lower in the primary visual cortex and the lateral occipital cortex of DLB patients compared to AD patients. The cingulate island ratio was significantly higher in the DLB group compared to the AD group and the ratio posterior cingulate cortex to visual cortex plus lateral occipital cortex showed the highest diagnostic accuracy to discriminate between DLB and AD at 81%.ConclusionsSemiquantitative 18F‐FDG‐PET imaging and especially the use of an optimized cingulate island ratio are valuable tools to differentiate between DLB and AD.
Diets of infants and young children in two counties of Kenya: Key drivers and barriers to improvement
Authors: Kimiywe Judith , Craig Hope , Agyapong Abigail , Thorne‐Lyman Andrew , Matsisa Patrick , Kiige Laura , Codjia Patrick , Rudert Christiane , Katua Stacy , Wambu Rose , Samburu Betty , Kamudoni Penjani , Chimanya Kudakwashe , Nordhagen Stella 
Published: December 2022

AbstractInfant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices are influenced by many context‐specific factors related to local food systems as well as social and cultural practices. Understanding these local contextual perspectives is essential for designing effective programs and policies. This paper uses focused ethnographic study methods to examine challenges experienced by mothers related to IYCF in two counties in Kenya, a country with considerable heterogeneity in agriculture, food systems, and cultures. A two‐phase qualitative study was undertaken in each of Kilifi County and West Pokot County, entailing interviews and rating activities with mothers, health workers, and vendors. Interviews were audio‐recorded, transcribed, translated into English, coded, and analysed by topic. Results show low levels of dietary diversity in both counties; in West Pokot, the level of adequate meal frequency is also low. Core foods in young child diets included maize porridge and family foods such as ugali (stiff maize porridge), vegetables, beans, fish, and plantains. Food safety, acceptability, and acquisition ease were the main drivers of food choice. Mothers generally felt that all core foods fed to young children are healthy and safe, but there was more variability regarding child acceptance, acquisition ease, cost, and convenience. Common barriers to feeding nutrient‐dense foods to children included child illness, economic constraints, and limited knowledge of modification strategies, skills, or tools to make the foods suitable for young children. Potential actions to address these barriers include sharing information on child‐appropriate recipes; raising awareness on local, affordable nutrient‐dense foods; and improving WASH practices to reduce illness frequency.
“Here is ‘true Christianity’”: Peace movements contesting hegemonic nationalism of the Lutheran Church in Finland 1919–1932
Authors: Ojajärvi Rony 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis article analyses how Finnish hegemonic nationalism was contested by peace movements in Finland from 1919 to 1932. First and foremost, Finnish peace movements contested hegemonic Lutheran‐patriotic discourses, which they perceived to have been maintained especially by the Lutheran Church of Finland. Thus, hegemonic Lutheran‐patriotic discourses were contested by peace movements through three church‐related discursive contexts: (1) biblical‐doctrinal interpretations, (2) Christian revivalism and (3) churches' peace ecumenism. Results of this article imply that contesting happened especially through religious discourses, which considered a nationalist state church idolatrous. Peace activists depicted themselves as true Christians and patriots, arguing that peace ecumenical cooperation with them and other churches enabled state churches to renounce hegemonic nationalism. Based on these results, I suggest that when hegemonic nationalism is intertwined strongly with Christianity and the state church, nationalism is challenged through questioning its alleged Christian basis.
Enhanced recovery after gynecological surgery: A meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Cao SuFen , Zhang YuQiang , Lin BaiLang , Chen JiaCheng , Chen XiaoJing , Zhuang ChunYu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractEnhanced recovery after surgery protocol is a multidisciplinary and multimodal approach designed to improve perioperative outcomes for patients. This meta‐analysis aimed to identify and elaborate on the efficacy of this protocol in women undergoing gynecologic surgery. Four databases were searched for randomized controlled trials from inception to December 2021. A total of 14 studies met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. There was a significant reduction in the length of stay, the time to first flatus and first defecation, complications, and readmission rates in patients undergoing enhanced recovery after surgery when compared to routine care. The rate of discharge on the first postoperative day significantly increased in patients from the enhanced recovery group. There was no significant difference in the surgery time and blood loss. In conclusion, the enhanced recovery after surgery protocol might have a positive effect on patients undergoing gynecologic surgery. However, there is still heterogeneity between the included studies, and we need more research to draw reliable conclusions that enhanced recovery after surgery is favorable.
Parameter allocation approach for runoff simulation in an arid catchment using the KINEROS2 hydrological model
Authors: Ghonchepour Diba , Bahremand Abdolreza , Kinar Nicholas 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe KINEROS2 model was utilized for runoff simulation in the Dehgin catchment situated in the Hormozgan province of Iran. A parameter allocation procedure was used in lieu of parameter optimization. After parameter allocation, the model was able to adequately simulate hydrographs associated with high‐magnitude peak discharge events with the efficiency values between 0.011–0.83 for Nash–Sutcliffe and 0.36–0.98 for Kling–Gupta, but the model did not accurately simulate hydrographs corresponding to low‐magnitude peak discharge events. Although calibration after parameter allocation improved model performance with respect to the simulation of low‐magnitude discharge events, numerical values of the hydraulic conductivity and net capillary pressure as the most sensitive model parameters did not agree with parameters known to be reasonable in the region. So that the value of hydraulic conductivity was decreased from 61 to 55 mm/h in channels and from 3.7 to 1.7 mm/h in planes. The new values are physically reasonable but are not approximately the same as physical values associated with the regional and environmental context of the Dehgin catchment. In this case, the values of the evaluation criteria were obtained between −2.5 and 0.78 for Nash–Sutcliffe and 0.17 and 0.98 for Kling–Gupta. The results of using the HydroPSO package in R to automated calibration of the model, with the value of Nash–Sutcliffe between −0.63 and 0.43, indicated that autocalibration without intelligent and deliberate selection of parameters cannot accurately represent hydrological processes, and therefore should be avoided. Also, the results show that an understanding of the catchment environmental conditions and appropriate allocation of parameters is initially more effective as a first step of the modeling process and thereby contributes to a first‐order characterization of environmental conditions in the catchment.
International pediatric transplant association (IPTA) guidance on developing and/or expanding pediatric solid organ transplantation programs in low‐ and middle‐income countries
Authors: Vo Hanh D. , Mackie Fiona , McCulloch Mignon , Reding Raymond ,   the IPTA Outreach Committee
Published: December 2022

AbstractPediatric solid organ transplantation (SOT) is a preferred treatment for medically suitable children with end‐stage organ failure. Still, many of them have no access to transplantation owing to socioeconomic constraints or lack of transplant facilities in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMIC). Establishing pediatric SOT programs in LMIC offers children the opportunities to receive transplant care in more familiar home environments as well as help curtail transplant tourism and improve transplant outcomes as pediatric transplantation would be performed ethically and legally. The International Pediatric Transplant Association (IPTA) is a professional organization aiming to promote safe, ethical, and high‐quality pediatric transplantation worldwide. This society paper describes major obstacles to pediatric SOT in LMIC and provides guidance on developing and/or expanding pediatric SOT programs in such countries. We also summarize available resources from the IPTA Outreach Program to help establish and support pediatric SOT programs in LMIC.
What explains variation in representation in the public sector? Predicting the presence of female officers in U.S. College Police Departments
Authors: Rutherford Amanda , Mee Emily 
Published: December 2022

AbstractScholars and practitioners regularly call for higher levels of representation for marginalized groups in public agencies, and representative bureaucracy research commonly boasts the effects of representation on clientele perceptions and performance outcomes. Before the consequences of representation can be fully assessed, it is important to consider the mechanisms that shape the extent to which minority groups are present in an agency. We use data from the Federal Bureau of Investigation's Uniform Crime Report and the U.S. Department of Education to examine what factors influence female representation in 142 College Police Departments (CPDs) within public, 4‐year institutions of higher education, an epicenter of debate regarding gender‐based violence, between 2014 and 2018. We find that few organizational characteristics consistently predict female representation. Our interpretations of such findings are informed by interviews with female CPD officers and consideration of whether female representation has any association with outcomes regarding sexual assault and rape.
Nurse–doctor co‐teaching: A path towards interprofessional collaboration
Authors: Piper‐Vallillo Emily , Zambrotta Marina E. , Shields Helen M. , Pelletier Stephen R. , Ramani Subha 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundNurse–doctor collaborations are essential for team‐based patient care. Although there are increasing calls for interprofessional education, teaching and learning together is rare. In 2019, we designed a Nurse–Doctor Co‐Teaching pilot programme to provide an opportunity for nurses and doctors to co‐teach junior doctors and nurses. We aimed to explore the experiences of the co‐teachers and understand their perceptions of teaching together. The study was conducted through the lens of positioning theory.MethodsWe held an hour‐long focus group discussion and follow‐up one‐on‐one interviews with nurses and doctors who participated as co‐teachers. Conversations were audio‐video recorded, transcribed, and thematically analysed. The Partners Institutional Review Board approved this study.ResultsThree nurses and four doctors participated in the focus group conversation, and four nurses and two doctors participated in individual interviews. Participant narratives provided insight into shifts in hospital culture that would be necessary to promote effective interprofessional learning and collaboration: (1) break down professional silos, (2) invite the nursing perspective, (3) flatten professional hierarchies, and (4) recognise nurses as clinical teachers.ConclusionNurses and doctors felt they shared a collegial and equal partnership as co‐teachers. But this relationship was not typical of their daily clinical roles. Institutional barriers presented challenges to collaboration on the hospital floor and nursing participation in teaching. Successful interprofessional education may require culture and policy shifts that formally recognise nurses as valuable clinical teachers.
Acute COG complex inactivation unveiled its immediate impact on Golgi and illuminated the nature of intra‐Golgi recycling vesicles
Authors: Sumya Farhana Taher , Pokrovskaya Irina D. , D'Souza Zinia , Lupashin Vladimir V. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractConserved Oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex controls Golgi trafficking and glycosylation, but the precise COG mechanism is unknown. The auxin‐inducible acute degradation system was employed to investigate initial defects resulting from COG dysfunction. We found that acute COG inactivation caused a massive accumulation of COG‐dependent (CCD) vesicles that carry the bulk of Golgi enzymes and resident proteins. v‐SNAREs (GS15, GS28) and v‐tethers (giantin, golgin84, and TMF1) were relocalized into CCD vesicles, while t‐SNAREs (STX5, YKT6), t‐tethers (GM130, p115), and most of Rab proteins remained Golgi‐associated. Airyscan microscopy and velocity gradient analysis revealed that different Golgi residents are segregated into different populations of CCD vesicles. Acute COG depletion significantly affected three Golgi‐based vesicular coats—COPI, AP1, and GGA, suggesting that COG uniquely orchestrates tethering of multiple types of intra‐Golgi CCD vesicles produced by different coat machineries. This study provided the first detailed view of primary cellular defects associated with COG dysfunction in human cells.