bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stable Universal 1‐ and 2‐Input Single‐Molecule Logic Gates
Authors: Liu Ran , Han Yingmei , Sun Feng , Khatri Gyan , Kwon Jaesuk , Nickle Cameron , Wang Lejia , Wang Chuan‐Kui , Thompson Damien , Li Zong‐Liang , Nijhuis Christian A. , del Barco Enrique 
Published: May 2022

AbstractControllable single‐molecule logic operations will enable development of reliable ultra‐minimalistic circuit elements for high‐density computing but require stable currents from multiple orthogonal inputs in molecular junctions. Utilizing the two unique adjacent conductive molecular orbitals (MOs) of gated Au/S‐(CH2)3‐Fc‐(CH2)9‐S/Au (Fc = ferrocene) single‐electron transistors (≈2 nm), a stable single‐electron logic calculator (SELC) is presented, which allows real‐time modulation of output current as a function of orthogonal input bias (Vb) and gate (Vg) voltages. Reliable and low‐voltage (ǀVbǀ ≤ 80 mV, ǀVgǀ ≤ 2 V) operations of the SELC depend upon the unambiguous association of current resonances with energy shifts of the MOs (which show an invariable, small energy separation of ≈100 meV) in response to the changes of voltages, which is confirmed by electron‐transport calculations. Stable multi‐logic operations based on the SELC modulated current conversions between the two resonances and Coulomb blockade regimes are demonstrated via the implementation of all universal 1‐input (YES/NOT/PASS_1/PASS_0) and 2‐input (AND/XOR/OR/NAND/NOR/INT/XNOR) logic gates.
ITO Top‐Electrodes via Industrial‐Scale PLD for Efficient Buffer‐Layer‐Free Semitransparent Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zanoni Kassio P. S. , Paliwal Abhyuday , Hernández‐Fenollosa M Angeles , Repecaud Pierre‐Alexis , Morales‐Masis Monica , Bolink Henk J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe deposition of transparent conductive oxides (TCO) usually employs harsh conditions that are frequently harmful to soft/organic underlayers. Herein, successful use of an industrial pulsed laser deposition (PLD) tool to directly deposit indium tin oxide (ITO) films on semitransparent vacuum‐deposited perovskite solar cells without damage to the device stack is demonstrated. The morphological, electronic, and optical properties of the PLD deposited ITO films are optimized. A direct relation between the PLD chamber pressure and the solar cell performance is obtained. The semitransparent perovskite solar cells prepared exclusively by vacuum‐assisted techniques had fill factors of 78% and exceeded 18% in power conversion efficiencies. This demonstrates that the direct deposition of TCO‐based top electrodes without protective buffer layers is possible and leads to efficient devices.
Metal‐ and Solvent‐Free Synthesis of Maleimide Fused Carbazoles from (Indol‐3‐Yl)cyclohexanones and Maleimides
Authors: Fang Fang , Zheng Haolin , Li Weipeng , Mao Guojiang , Chen Shanping , Deng Guo‐Jun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA metal‐ and solvent‐free strategy for the preparation of maleimide‐fused carbazoles has been developed. This protocol started from 2‐(indol‐3‐yl)cyclohexanones and maleimides, providing various maleimide‐fused carbazoles in 45–90% yields. The present approach was catalyzed by trimethylsulfoxonium iodide and involved a cascade of oxidation, [4+2] annulation, and dehydrogenative aromatization. Moreover, these maleimide‐fused carbazole products could be further transformed into other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.magnified image
Substrate‐Controlled Regioselectivity Switch in a Three‐Component 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition Reaction to Access 3,3′‐Pyrrolidinyl‐Spirooxindoles Derivatives
Authors: Wang Kai‐Kai , Li Yan‐Li , Chen Rong‐Xiang , Sun Ai‐Li , Wang Zhan‐Yong , Zhao Ying‐Chao , Wang Ming‐Yue , Sheng Shi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe additive‐free 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction of isatin‐derived azomethine ylides with α‐cyano‐α,β‐unsaturated compounds was developed, which enabled diversity‐oriented synthesis of a series of novel and structurally complex 3,3′‐pyrrolidinyl‐spirooxindoles derivatives containing four contiguous and two quaternary stereogenic centers in high yields (up to 92%) and excellent diastereoselectivities (up to >25:1 dr). The reaction displays switchable regioselectivity depending on the steric effect of the substrates.magnified image
Substrate‐Induced Synthesis of Coumarin‐Fused Quinolinones from Anilines, 4‐Hydroxycoumarins and DMSO under Air
Authors: Shi Xu , Zhang Qingqing , Wang Anan , Jiang Tao‐Shan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSubstrate‐induced synthesis of 6H‐Chromeno[4,3‐b]quinolin‐6‐ones has been developed directly from anilines, 4‐hydroxycoumarins and DMSO under air without any catalysts and additives in one pot. This protocol highlights dual roles of 4‐hydroxycoumarins which were not only used as reactants but also activated DMSO to provide one‐carbon unit in the desired products.magnified image
Defluorinative Alkylation of Trifluoromethyl Alkenes with Soft Carbon Nucleophiles Enabled by a Catalytic Amount of Base
Authors: Gao Ya , Qin Wei , Tian Ming‐Qing , Zhao Xuefei , Hu Xu‐Hong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDirect manipulation of readily accessible trifluoromethyl alkenes (TAs) represents an attractive approach to the preparation of diversified fluorine‐containing compounds. In this study, defluorinative alkylation reactions of TAs with a broad array of soft carbon nucleophiles have been documented. Nucleophilic substitutions occur enabled by a catalytic amount of base, providing access to tertiary alkyl substituted gem‐difluoroalkenes and 2‐fluoro‐4H‐pyrans. By extending the nucleophiles to silyl enol ethers, defluorination can be achieved in the absence of base to give gem‐difluoroalkenes. This process, which eliminates the requirement of organometallic reagents, transition metals, or strong bases for the C−F bond cleavage, is applicable to late‐stage modification of complex molecules.magnified image
Optimization of Metamaterial‐Based Solar Energy Absorber for Enhancing Solar Thermal Energy Conversion Using Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Patel Shobhit K. , Surve Jaymit , Katkar Vijay , Parmar Juveriya 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA highly efficient psi‐shaped solar energy absorber in the paper is developed. This structure is designed using titanium‐based psi shaped resonator, SiO2 based substrate, and Tungsten metal‐based base layer to achieve a near‐perfect ultrawideband absorption spectrum under solar radiation. The average absorption of 97.04% is achieved in the observed range including the ultraviolet to mid‐infrared regimes and the ultrawideband characteristics are also achieved. It is also noted that for the bandwidth of 3730 and 2500 nm, above 90% and 95% absorption rate are achieved, respectively. The effect of several design parameters on the spectrum of absorption is explored and accordingly, optimized design is identified. Furthermore, the absorption response of the developed solar energy absorber is polarization‐insensitive and wide‐angle from 0° to 50°. Experiments are meant to identify the optimal parameter values for solar absorber design by employing a random restart hill climbing optimization approach. According to the experimental data, this strategy can reduce the computing power and time requirements of the simulation process by 97.57%.
Defect‐Assisted Electron Tunneling for Photoelectrochemical CO2 Reduction to Ethanol at Low Overpotentials
Authors: Kan Miao , Yang Chao , Wang Qihao , Zhang Quan , Yan Yaqin , Liu Kunhao , Guan Anxiang , Zheng Gengfeng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA Si/ZnO/Cu2O p‐n‐p heterojunction potential well with electron tunnels is fabricated for selective photoelectrochemical CO2 reduction to ethanol. This heterojunction is formed by growing n‐type ZnO nanosheets between defect‐rich p‐type Cu2O nanoparticles and nanoporous p‐type Si. Due to the existence of this potential well, the photogenerated electrons are trapped and accumulate inside n‐ZnO at low biases with the assistance of a ≈0.6 V built‐in potential, and escape into the Cu2O defect band. Under simulated sunlight, the Si/ZnO/Cu2O photocathode exhibits an onset potential of 0.2 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) for aqueous photoelectrochemical CO2 reduction. Due to the confined electron energy in tunneling, the product selectivity is substantially tuned from CO or formate to ethanol, with an excellent Faradaic efficiency of ethanol over 60% at 0 V versus RHE.
Consumer choices in agricultural markets with multitier collective labels and private brands
Authors: Zhu Zhanguo , Shen Qinyuan , Gao Zhifeng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFood labels can convey reputations by containing quality cues, such as variety, region of origin, and producers. A multitier label structure consisting of two collective labels (a product‐specific collective label [e.g., Yantai Apple] and a general collective label [e.g., Shandong Agricultural Products]) and a private brand (an enterprise [e.g., Dole] or cooperative brand [e.g., Yantai Xinnong]) may be used as an effective tool to increase the competitiveness of certain food products. However, little is known about the effects of multitier labels on consumer preferences. We investigate consumer valuation for a single label (a collective label or a private brand), dual labels (two collective labels, or a collective label and a private brand), and multitier labels (two collective labels and a private brand), respectively. The results show that consumers are willing to pay premiums for different labels, particularly collective labels. Consumers' valuation of dual labels is higher than a single label. However, there are significant substitution effects between product‐specific collective labels, general collective labels, and private brands. Moreover, consumers' valuation for dual collective labels is higher than a dual collective label and private brand. The high degree of market recognition for collective labels and private brands aids policymakers and producers in developing appropriate labeling strategies.
A rapid review of systematic reviews on the effectiveness of synchronous online learning in an occupational context
Authors: Robson Lynda S. , Irvin Emma , Padkapayeva Kathy , Begum Momtaz , Zukowski Melanie 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis study examined the effectiveness of synchronous online learning (SOL) for occupational purposes relative to face‐to‐face (F2F) learning.MethodsSeven bibliographic databases were searched, and publications meeting the inclusion criteria were sought. Title and abstract screening, article screening, methodological quality assessment, and data extraction were carried out by two independent reviewers.ResultsThree systematic reviews meeting the inclusion criteria were consistent in providing evidence that there was generally no difference between SOL and F2F learning in their effects on knowledge or skills.ConclusionsBased on the sparse evidence base examined in this review, we conclude that SOL and traditional F2F learning for occupational or career preparation purposes are similarly effective for learners at the undergraduate level or higher. Much caution should be taken with this assumption when delivering content of a more hands‐on nature and when adult learners have less educational preparation, since research is lacking in these areas.
A systematic review and meta‐analysis of intellectual, neuropsychological, and psychoeducational functioning in neurofibromatosis type 1
Authors: Crow Andrew J. D. , Janssen Jennica M. , Marshall Carolina , Moffit Anne , Brennan Laura , Kohler Christian G. , Roalf David R. , Moberg Paul J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNeurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1) is a common genetic disorder frequently associated with cognitive deficits. Despite cognitive deficits being a key feature of NF1, the profile of such impairments in NF1 has been shown to be heterogeneous. Thus, we sought to quantitatively synthesize the extant literature on cognitive functioning in NF1. A random‐effects meta‐analysis of cross‐sectional studies was carried out comparing cognitive functioning of patients with NF1 to typically developing or unaffected sibling comparison subjects of all ages. Analyses included 50 articles (Total NNF1 = 1,522; MAge = 15.70 years, range = 0.52–69.60), yielding 460 effect sizes. Overall moderate deficits were observed [g = −0.64, 95% CI = (−0.69, −0.60)] wherein impairments differed at the level of cognitive domain. Deficits ranged from large [general intelligence: g = −0.95, 95% CI = (−1.12, −0.79)] to small [emotion: g = −0.37, 95% CI = (−0.63, −0.11)]. Moderation analyses revealed nonsignificant contributions of age, sex, educational attainment, and parental level of education to outcomes. These results illustrate that cognitive impairments are diffuse and salient across the lifespan in NF1. Taken together, these results further demonstrate efforts should be made to evaluate and address cognitive morbidity in patients with NF1 in conjunction with existing best practices.
Towards Upcycling Biomass‐Derived Crosslinked Polymers with Light
Authors: Singathi Ravichandranath , Raghunathan Ramya , Krishnan Retheesh , Kumar Rajendran Saravana , Baburaj Sruthy , Sibi Mukund P. , Webster Dean C. , Sivaguru Jayaraman 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPhotodegradable, recyclable, and renewable, crosslinked polymers from bioresources show promise towards developing a sustainable strategy to address the issue of plastics degradability and recyclability. Photo processes are not widely exploited for upcycling polymers in spite of the potential to have spatial and temporal control of the degradation in addition to being a green process. In this report we highlight a methodology in which biomass‐derived crosslinked polymers can be programmed to degrade at ≈300 nm with ≈60 % recovery of the monomer. The recovered monomer was recycled back to the crosslinked polymer.
A Tandem Dehydrogenation‐Driven Cross‐Coupling between Cyclohexanones and Primary Amines for Construction of Benzoxazoles
Authors: Xu Biping , Su Weiping 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHerein, we report a transition metal‐free, operationally simple, general method for straightforward syntheses of 2‐substituted benzoxazoles from readily available cyclohexanones and aliphatic primary amines by an imine α‐oxygenation‐initiated cascade reaction sequence. The key to achieving high selectivity and excellent functional‐group tolerance is the use of TEMPO as a mild oxidant that selectively oxidizes the reaction intermediates through its multiple reactivity modes, thus facilitating the individual steps to proceed in succession. More than 70 substrate combinations are disclosed, demonstrating the reliability of this protocol to synthesize structurally diverse products, including marketed drugs, drug candidate, and natural products that are unattainable by the existing methods.
Amplification‐Free Detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 and Respiratory Syncytial Virus Using CRISPR Cas13a and Graphene Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Li Huijie , Yang Jie , Wu Guangfu , Weng Zhengyan , Song Yang , Zhang Yuxuan , Vanegas Jeffrey A. , Avery Lori , Gao Zan , Sun He , Chen Yupeng , Dieckhaus Kevin D. , Gao Xue , Zhang Yi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR‐associated (Cas) systems have recently received notable attention for their applications in nucleic acid detection. Despite many attempts, the majority of current CRISPR‐based biosensors in infectious respiratory disease diagnostic applications still require target preamplifications. This study reports a new biosensor for amplification‐free nucleic acid detection via harnessing the trans‐cleavage mechanism of Cas13a and ultrasensitive graphene field‐effect transistors (gFETs). CRISPR Cas13a‐gFET achieves the detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) genome down to 1 attomolar without target preamplifications. Additionally, we validate the detection performance using clinical SARS‐CoV‐2 samples, including those with low viral loads (Ct value >30). Overall, these findings establish our CRISPR Cas13a‐gFET among the most sensitive amplification‐free nucleic acid diagnostic platforms to date.
Synthesis of Homoallylic Amines by Radical Allylation of Imines with Butadiene under Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: Chen Yuqing , Yan Huaipu , Liao Qian , Zhang Dandan , Lin Shuangjie , Hao Erjun , Murtaza Rukhsana , Li Chenchen , Wu Chao , Duan Chunying , Shi Lei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIonic (2 e−) nucleophilic addition of allylmetal regents to imines dominates the synthesis of homo‐allyl amine; however, single electron (1 e−) mediated imine allylation with feedstocks butadiene as an alternative allyl source remains unexplored. In this work, we report a conceptually different radical–radical cross‐coupling strategy for the synthesis of a homoallyl amine between an α‐amino alkyl radical and a transient allylic radical. This metal‐free method provided a novel approach for the synthesis of homoallylic amines (>80 examples) from readily available materials with excellent regioselectivity and exceptional broad functional group compatibility.
Bridging the Bays, Both Ways: A Janus Butterfly‐Shaped Intense NIR‐Emitting Terrylene Diimide
Authors: Singh Mehra Kundan , Jha Shivangee , Bhandary Subhrajyoti , Mandal Dipendranath , Mishra Ruchika , Sankar Jeyaraman 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMolecules with intense near‐IR (NIR) emission are beneficial for modern applications such as night vision, bio‐imaging etc. However, elaborate synthetic manipulations make them demanding to accomplish. Herein, we present a simple yet exciting strategy to obtain novel Janus butterfly‐shaped terrylene diimide derivatives with carbazole wings having absorption and intense emission in the NIR. Especially, unsymmetrically substituted terrylene diimides (TDIs) have been observed to have impressive emission quantum yields (up to 93 %), highest for this class of compounds. Minimal structural distortion as evidenced from structural characterization has been shown to correlate with these observations. Also, a novel two‐tiered TDI‐carbazole having an intense emission at 897 nm is also reported. Our strategy demonstrates that efficient near‐IR luminophores can be achieved via precise functionalization.
Hourly rolling correction of precipitation forecast via convolutional and long short‐term memory networks
Authors: Yang Ruyi , Mu Jianli , Wang Shudong , Wang Lijuan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn order to improve precipitation forecast from GRAPES_Meso V4.0 in China, we propose a 1–6‐h rolling correction solution, based on infrared (IR) channels from geostationary meteorological satellite and surface observation data. In particular, we design a deep learning extrapolation model to predict the evolution of cloud clusters based on convolutional neural networks and long short‐term memory networks. The predicted cloud clusters, together with the relationship between the rainfall area and the cloud position, are applied to correct the 1–6‐h precipitation forecast. We conduct comprehensive experiments to evaluate the proposed solution over China. Experimental results show that the deep learning model can successfully capture spatial characteristics and temporal variations between the sequences, and achieve reliable predictions of cloud clusters. The analysis further indicates that the rolling correction solution via the predicted cloud clusters has improved the precipitation forecast in China. The distribution of corrected precipitation forecast is more consistent with the observed precipitation compared to GRAPES_Meso forecast. In particular, the rolling correction model could enhance the forecast on “rain/no‐rain” events, light rain, and moderate rain according to TS, ETS, BIAS, and FAR metrics.
Reduced mismatch negativity in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder is associated with their impaired adaptive functioning
Authors: Lassen Jonathan , Oranje Bob , Vestergaard Martin , Foldager Malene , Kjær Troels W. , Arnfred Sidse , Aggernæs Bodil 
Published: May 2022

AbstractChildren and adolescents on the autism spectrum display sensory disturbances, rigid and repetitive behavior, social communication problems and a high prevalence of impaired adaptive functioning. Autism is associated with slowed behavioral and neural habituation to repeated sensory input and decreased responses to sensory deviations. Mismatch negativity (MMN) reflects a pre‐attentive difference in the neural response to sensory deviations relative to regularities and studies overall suggest that children and adolescents with autism tend to have smaller MMN. However, it remains unclear whether reduced MMN in autism is coupled to severity of specific autistic symptoms or more generally to lower level of adaptive functioning. To address these questions, the present study used electroencephalography (EEG) to assess whether auditory MMN in 59 children and adolescents with autism aged 7–14 years compared to 59 typically developing children and adolescents were related to specific autistic symptoms or level in adaptive functioning. As hypothesized, the autism group had a lower MMN amplitude than controls. Smaller MMN amplitudes were specifically associated with lower adaptive functioning in the autistic subjects but not in controls while no apparent relationships were observed with autistic‐like social interaction and communication problems, atypical language, rigidity, stereotypy or sensory sensitivity symptoms. Our findings indicate that a blunted response to changes in sensory input may underlie or contribute to the generalized difficulties with adapting to daily life circumstances seen in children and adolescents with autism.Lay SummaryChildren and adolescents on the autism spectrum have a high prevalence of impaired adaptive functioning. Neuroimaging studies have reported that children and adolescents with autism display attenuated brain activity when discriminating sensory input. However, it is unknown whether this attenuation is related to autistic symptoms and/or adaptive functioning. The present study used electroencephalogram (EEG) to show that attenuated brain response in discrimination of novel compared to repetitive sounds in children and adolescents with autism is related to their impaired adaptive functioning.
Impact of teaching computer programming using innovative pedagogy embedded with live online lectures and related tools: A randomized control trial
Authors: Omeh Christian B. , Olelewe Chijioke J. , Nwangwu Emmanuel C. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study focused on the impact of teaching a computer programming course using innovative pedagogy namely a combination of context‐based learning and problem‐based interspersed with live online tools (Google Classroom and Google Meet) on university students in southeast, Nigeria. This study used a quasi‐experimental research design and intact classes with a nonequivalent group. The population for the study comprised all 152 second‐year computer education students in universities in Southeast Nigeria that offers computer programming. The sample consists of 60 males and 92 females in the three universities used. A computer programming achievement test was used to collect the data. The result showed that students worked collaboratively on the Google classroom and Google meet platforms, effectively enhancing collaboration learning among novice programmers as they chose when to learn, thus making the teaching and learning of programming less difficult. Findings further showed that student academic achievement significantly improved in programming skills, digital skills development, and self‐efficacy in the treatment group more than in the control group. This improved performance was attributed to self‐efficacy which was attributed to IP students were exposed to. It was suggested that computer lecturers should integrate innovative pedagogy using Google classroom and Google meet in their instructional delivery approaches.