bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flexible Metamaterial Electronics
Authors: Jiang Shan , Liu Xuejun , Liu Jianpeng , Ye Dong , Duan Yongqing , Li Kan , Yin Zhouping , Huang YongAn 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOver the last decade, extensive efforts have been made on utilizing advanced materials and structures to improve the properties and functionalities of flexible electronics. While the conventional ways are approaching their natural limits, a revolutionary strategy, namely metamaterials, is emerging toward engineering structural materials to break the existing fetters. Metamaterials exhibit supernatural physical behaviors, in aspects of mechanical, optical, thermal, acoustic, and electronic properties that are inaccessible in natural materials, such as tunable stiffness or Poisson's ratio, manipulating electromagnetic or elastic waves, and topological and programmable morphability. These salient merits motivate metamaterials as a brand‐new research direction and have inspired extensive innovative applications in flexible electronics. Here, such a groundbreaking interdisciplinary field is first coined as “flexible metamaterial electronics,” focusing on enhancing and innovating functionalities of flexible electronics via the design of metamaterials. Herein, the latest progress and trends in this infant field are reviewed while highlighting their potential value. First, a brief overview starts with introducing the combination of metamaterials and flexible electronics. Then, the developed applications are discussed, such as self‐adaptive deformability, ultrahigh sensitivity, and multidisciplinary functionality, followed by the discussion of potential prospects. Finally, the challenges and opportunities facing flexible metamaterial electronics to advance this cutting‐edge field are summarized.
Light Emission of Self‐Trapped Excitons in Inorganic Metal Halides for Optoelectronic Applications
Authors: Guo Qingxun , Zhao Xue , Song Boxiang , Luo Jiajun , Tang Jiang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSelf‐trapped excitons (STEs) have recently attracted tremendous interest due to their broadband emission, high photoluminescence quantum yield, and self‐absorption‐free properties, which enable a large range of optoelectronic applications such as lighting, displays, radiation detection, and special sensors. Unlike free excitons, the formation of STEs requires strong coupling between excited state excitons and the soft lattice in low electronic dimensional materials. The chemical and structural diversity of metal halides provides an ideal platform for developing efficient STE emission materials. Herein, an overview of recent progress on STE emission materials for optoelectronic applications is presented. The relationships between the fundamental emission mechanisms, chemical compositions, and device performances are systematically reviewed. On this basis, currently existing challenges and possible development opportunities in this field are presented.
Rotational Kirigami Tessellation Metasurface for Tunable Chirality
Authors: Phon Ratanak , Jeong Heijun , Lim Sungjoon 
Published: March 2022

AbstractKirigami, with a simple mechanical transformation fashion, offers versatile ways and unconventional approaches for realizing cutting‐edge tunable devices. Here, a rotational kirigami tessellation metasurface with tunable chirality using 2D‐to‐2D in‐plane transformation is designed and experimentally demonstrated. The rotational metasurface is built using flexible filament as a supporting dielectric and silver ink as conductive patterns on the top and bottom layers and operated via mechanical transformation. Unlike conventional works where the symmetric‐breaking feature is obtained from 2D to 3D transformation, the proposed structure is designed in such a way that it can break mirror‐symmetric by misaligning the conductive pattern via rotating sub‐elements of the structure led to achieving dual‐band bifunctional tunable chiral transmission responses. Finally, achiral and chiral transmission responses at different rotation angle states are experimentally confirmed. The proposed approach can be applied to various applications, opening new avenues to design 2D‐to‐2D in‐plane transformation mechanical‐based electromagnetic devices.
Nanoscale Mapping and Defect‐Assisted Manipulation of Surface Plasmon Resonances in 2D Bi2Te3/Sb2Te3 In‐Plane Heterostructures
Authors: Moradifar Parivash , Nixon Austin G. , Sharifi Tiva , van Driel Tim Brandt , Ajayan Pulickel , Masiello David J. , Alem Nasim 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe Bi2Te3/Sb2Te3 in‐plane heterostructure is reported as a low‐dimensional tunable chalcogenide well suited as plasmonic building block for the visible−UV spectral range. Electron‐driven plasmon excitations of low‐dimensional Bi2Te3/Sb2Te3 are investigated by monochromated electron energy loss spectroscopy spectrum imaging. To resolve the nanoscale spatial distribution of various local plasmonic resonances, singular value decomposition is used to disentangle the spectral data and identify the individual spectral contributions of various corner, edge, and face modes. Furthermore, defect‐plasmon interactions are investigated both for nanoscale intrinsic and thermally induced extrinsic polygonal defects (in situ sublimation). Signature of defect‐induced red shift ranging from a several hundreds of millielectronvolts to a few electronvolts, broadening of various plasmon response, together with selective enhancement and significant variations in their intensity are detected. This study highlights the presence of a heterointerface and identifies defects as physical tuning pathways to modulate the plasmonic response over a broad spectral range. Finally, the experimental observations are compared qualitatively and validated with numerical simulations using the electron‐driven discrete dipole approximation. Low‐dimensional Bi2Te3/Sb2Te3 as a less explored plasmonic system holds great promises as emerging platform for integrated plasmonics. Furthermore, introducing controlled structural defects can open the door for nanoengineering of plasmonic properties in such systems.
Bipolar Modulation of the Ionic Circuit for Generic Organic Photoelectrochemical Transistor Logic and Sensor
Authors: Xu Yi‐Tong , Li Zheng , Yuan Cheng , Wu Jia‐Qi , Hu Jin , Lin Peng , Zhao Wei‐Wei , Chen Hong‐Yuan , Xu Jing‐Juan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPhotonic (bio)electronic circuits and devices have been an enduring goal in modern photonics and electronics. Organic photoelectrochemical transistor (OPECT) interfacing light with biological world creates a substantial opportunity to this end due to the immense light−bio−matter interplay. Through modulating the invisible ionic circuit of organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) with a bipolar electrode (BPE) accommodating different semiconductor combinations, the unique photonic electronics toward logic and sensor applications are realized. Six combinations of BPEs are produced by the representative n‐type CdS/TiO2 and p‐type BiOI/NiO semiconductors, and the corresponding photonic characteristics and operation rationale are systematically investigated and explained. Designation of opto‐logic circuits and feasibility as a sensory platform are subsequently demonstrated. This work not only represents new photonic bioelectronics but also provides a generic mechanism for the design and development of advanced opto‐logics and bio‐analytics.
Bidirectional Photoresponse in Perovskite‐ZnO Heterostructure for Fully Optical‐Controlled Artificial Synapse
Authors: Ge Shuaipeng , Huang Fengchang , He Jiaqi , Xu Zhangsheng , Sun Zhenhua , Han Xun , Wang Chunfeng , Huang Long‐Biao , Pan Caofeng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCompared with electrical synapses, optoelectronic synapses exhibit great potential for ultrafast computing and wireless communication in neuromorphic hardware with advantages of low crosstalk, high bandwidth, and low power consumption. However, due to the unidirectional photoresponse in most of optoelectronic synapses, the related researches still focus on the electrical stimulation of inhibitory behaviors. Herein, a synaptic device based on perovskite−ZnO heterostructure is prepared with the characteristic of bidirectional photoresponse and can realize both the potentiation and depression by ultraviolet (UV) and green light stimuli, respectively. Consecutive UV and green light stimuli for potentiation and depression reveal the reliability and repeatability of the fully optical‐controlled artificial synapse. A series of logic functions including “OR,” “AND,” “NOR,” and “NAND” has also been demonstrated in a fully‐optical pathway. This work not only offers an innovative architecture based on the perovskite single crystal and ZnO for fully optical‐controlled artificial synapse, but also represents a step toward optical wireless neuromorphic systems.
Kidney Decellularized Extracellular Matrix Enhanced the Vascularization and Maturation of Human Kidney Organoids
Authors: Kim Jin Won , Nam Sun Ah , Yi Jawoon , Kim Jae Yun , Lee Jong Young , Park Seo‐Yeon , Sen Tugce , Choi Yoo‐mi , Lee Jae Yeon , Kim Hong Lim , Kim Hyung Wook , Park Jiwhan , Cho Dong‐Woo , Kim Yong Kyun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractKidney organoids derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have extensive potential for disease modelling and regenerative medicine. However, the limited vascularization and immaturity of kidney organoids have been still remained to overcome. Extracellular matrix (ECM) can provide mechanical support and a biochemical microenvironment for cell growth and differentiation. Here in vitro methods using a kidney decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) hydrogel to culture hPSC‐derived kidney organoids, which have extensive vascular network and their own endothelial cells, are reported. Single‐cell transcriptomics reveal that the vascularized kidney organoids cultured using the kidney dECM have more mature patterns of glomerular development and higher similarity to human kidney than those cultured without the kidney dECM. Differentiation of α‐galactosidase A (GLA)‐knock‐out hPSCs generated using CRISPR/Cas9 into kidney organoids by the culture method using kidney dECM efficiently recapitulate Fabry nephropathy with vasculopathy. Transplantation of kidney organoids with kidney dECM into kidney of mouse accelerates the recruitment of endothelial cells from the host mouse kidney and maintains vascular integrity with the more organized slit diaphragm‐like structures than those without kidney dECM. The kidney dECM methodology for inducing extensive vascularization and maturation of kidney organoids can be applied to studies for kidney development, disease modeling, and regenerative medicine.
Bioactivity and miRNome Profiling of Native Extracellular Vesicles in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell‐Cardiomyocyte Differentiation
Authors: Louro Ana F. , Paiva Marta A. , Oliveira Marta R. , Kasper Katharina A. , Alves Paula M. , Gomes‐Alves Patrícia , Serra Margarida 
Published: March 2022

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EV) are an attractive therapy to boost cardiac regeneration. Nevertheless, identification of native EV and corresponding cell platform(s) suitable for therapeutic application, is still a challenge. Here, EV are isolated from key stages of the human induced pluripotent stem cell‐cardiomyocyte (hiPSC‐CM) differentiation and maturation, i.e., from hiPSC (hiPSC‐EV), cardiac progenitors, immature and mature cardiomyocytes, with the aim of identifying a promising cell biofactory for EV production, and pinpoint the genetic signatures of bioactive EV. EV secreted by hiPSC and cardiac derivatives show a typical size distribution profile and the expression of specific EV markers. Bioactivity assays show increased tube formation and migration in HUVEC treated with hiPSC‐EV compared to EV from committed cell populations. hiPSC‐EV also significantly increase cell cycle activity of hiPSC‐CM. Global miRNA expression profiles, obtained by small RNA‐seq analysis, corroborate an EV‐miRNA pattern indicative of stem cell to cardiomyocyte specification, confirming that hiPSC‐EV are enriched in pluripotency‐associated miRNA with higher in vitro pro‐angiogenic and pro‐proliferative properties. In particular, a stemness maintenance miRNA cluster upregulated in hiPSC‐EV targets the PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway, involved in cell proliferation and survival. Overall, the findings validate hiPSC as cell biofactories for EV production for cardiac regenerative applications.
Predicting Cardiovascular Stent Complications Using Self‐Reporting Biosensors for Noninvasive Detection of Disease
Authors: Hoare Daniel , Tsiamis Andreas , Marland Jamie R. K. , Czyzewski Jakub , Kirimi Mahmut T. , Holsgrove Michael , Russell Ewan , Neale Steven L. , Mirzai Nosrat , Mitra Srinjoy , Mercer John R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSelf‐reporting implantable medical devices are the future of cardiovascular healthcare. Cardiovascular complications such as blocked arteries that lead to the majority of heart attacks and strokes are frequently treated with inert metal stents that reopen affected vessels. Stents frequently re‐block after deployment due to a wound response called in‐stent restenosis (ISR). Herein, an implantable miniaturized sensor and telemetry system are developed that can detect this process, discern the different cell types associated with ISR, distinguish sub plaque components as demonstrated with ex vivo samples, and differentiate blood from blood clot, all on a silicon substrate making it suitable for integration onto a vascular stent. This work shows that microfabricated sensors can provide clinically relevant information in settings closer to physiological conditions than previous work with cultured cells.
Bioactive Film‐Guided Soft–Hard Interface Design Technology for Multi‐Tissue Integrative Regeneration
Authors: Li Yamin , Chen Can , Jiang Jia , Liu Shengyang , Zhang Zeren , Xiao Lan , Lian Ruixian , Sun Lili , Luo Wei , Tim‐yun Ong Michael , Yuk‐wai Lee Wayne , Chen Yunsu , Yuan Yuan , Zhao Jinzhong , Liu Changsheng , Li Yulin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractControl over soft‐to‐hard tissue interfaces is attracting intensive worldwide research efforts. Herein, a bioactive film‐guided soft–hard interface design (SHID) for multi‐tissue integrative regeneration is shown. Briefly, a soft bioactive film with good elasticity matchable to native ligament tissue, is incorporated with bone‐mimic components (calcium phosphate cement, CPC) to partially endow the soft‐film with hard‐tissue mimicking feature. The hybrid film is elegantly compounded with a clinical artificial ligament to act as a buffer zone to bridge the soft (ligament) and hard tissues (bone). Moreover, the bioactive film‐decorated ligament can be rolled into a 3D bio‐instructive implant with spatial‐controllable distribution of CPC bioactive motifs. CPC then promotes the recruitment and differentiation of endogenous cells in to the implant inside part, which enables a vascularized bone growth into the implant, and forms a structure mimicking the biological ligament–bone interface, thereby significantly improving osteointegration and biomechanical property. Thus, this special design provides an effective SHID‐guided implant‐bioactivation strategy unreached by the traditional manufacturing methods, enlightening a promising technology to develop an ideal SHID for translational use in the future.
Dielectric Walls/Layers Modulated 3D Periodically Structured SERS Chips: Design, Batch Fabrication, and Applications
Authors: Tian Yi , Hu Haifeng , Chen Peipei , Dong Fengliang , Huang Hui , Xu Lihua , Yan Lanqin , Song Zhiwei , Xu Taoran , Chu Weiguo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAs an indispensable constituent of plasmonic materials/dielectrics for surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) effects, dielectrics play a key role in excitation and transmission of surface plasmons which however remain more elusive relative to plasmonic materials. Herein, different roles of vertical dielectric walls, and horizontal and vertical dielectric layers in SERS via 3D periodic plasmonic materials/dielectrics structures are studied. Surface plasmon polariton (SPP) interferences can be maximized within dielectric walls besieged by plasmonic layers at the wall thicknesses of integral multiple half‐SPPplasmonic material‐dielectric‐wavelength which effectively excites localized surface plasmon resonance to improve SERS effects by one order of magnitude compared to roughness and/or nanogaps only. The introduction of extra Au nanoparticles on thin dielectric layers can further enhance SERS effects only slightly. Thus, the designed Au/SiO2 based SERS chips show an enhancement factor of 8.9 × 1010, 265 times higher relative to the chips with far thinner SiO2 walls. As many as 1200 chips are batch fabricated for a 4 in wafer using cost‐effective nanoimprint lithography which can detect trace Hg ions as low as 1 ppt. This study demonstrates a complete generalized platform from design to low‐cost batch‐fabrication to applications for novel high performance SERS chips of any plasmonic materials/dielectrics.
Solution Synthesis and Characterization of a Long and Curved Graphene Nanoribbon with Hybrid Cove–Armchair–Gulf Edge Structures
Authors: Yang Lin , Ma Ji , Zheng Wenhao , Osella Silvio , Droste Jörn , Komber Hartmut , Liu Kun , Böckmann Steffen , Beljonne David , Hansen Michael Ryan , Bonn Mischa , Wang Hai I. , Liu Junzhi , Feng Xinliang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCurved graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) with hybrid edge structures have recently attracted increasing attention due to their unique band structures and electronic properties as a result of their nonplanar conformation. This work reports the solution synthesis of a long and curved multi‐edged GNR (cMGNR) with unprecedented cove–armchair–gulf edge structures. The synthesis involves an efficient A2B2‐type Diels–Alder polymerization between a diethynyl‐substituted prefused bichrysene monomer (3b) and a dicyclopenta[e,l]pyrene‐5,11‐dione derivative (6) followed by FeCl3‐mediated Scholl oxidative cyclodehydrogenation of the obtained polyarylenes (P1). Model compounds 1a and 1b are first synthesized to examine the suitability and efficiency of the corresponding polymers for the Scholl reaction. The successful formation of cMGNR from polymer P1 bearing prefused bichrysene units is confirmed by FTIR, Raman, and solid‐state NMR analyses. The cove‐edge structure of the cMGNR imparts the ribbon with a unique nonplanar conformation as revealed by density functional theory (DFT) simulation, which effectively enhances its dispersibility in solution. The cMGNR has a narrow optical bandgap of 1.61 eV, as estimated from the UV–vis absorption spectrum, which is among the family of low‐bandgap solution‐synthesized GNRs. Moreover, the cMGNR exhibits a carrier mobility of ≈2 cm2 V−1 s−1 inferred from contact‐free terahertz spectroscopy.
Ethylene Carbonate‐Free Electrolytes for Stable, Safer High‐Nickel Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Pan Ruijun , Cui Zehao , Yi Michael , Xie Qiang , Manthiram Arumugam 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEthylene carbonate (EC) is an important component in state‐of‐the‐art electrolytes for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). However, EC is highly susceptible to oxidation on the surface of high‐nickel layered oxide cathodes, making it undesirable for next‐generation high‐energy‐density LIBs. In this study, a simple, yet effective, EC‐free electrolyte (20F1.5M‐1TDI) is presented by adding 20 wt% fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) and 1 wt% lithium 4,5‐dicyano‐2‐(trifluoromethyl)imidazole (LiTDI) into 1.5 m LiPF6 in an ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) electrolyte. The 20F1.5M‐1TDI electrolyte is found to efficiently passivate the graphite anode and stabilize high‐nickel cathodes by a synergistic decomposition of FEC and LiTDI. The LiNi0.9Mn0.05Al0.05O2 (NMA90)/graphite full cell with the 20F1.5M‐1TDI electrolyte, therefore, exhibits an enhanced cycling stability and a suppressed voltage hysteresis growth compared to that with an EC‐containing baseline electrolyte (1 m LiPF6 in EC:EMC, 3:7 in weight, with 2 wt% vinyl carbonate). Advanced analytical tools, such as time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, are employed to understand the underlying working mechanism of the EC‐free electrolyte. The present study clearly showcases the great potential of EC‐free electrolytes as a straightforward, practical approach for LIBs with high‐nickel cathodes.
Sustainable intensification of agriculture improves soil nitrogen in the Argentinean Humid Pampas
Authors: Martínez Juan Pablo , Crespo Cecilia , Cuervo Matías , Echeverría Hernán , Martínez Fernando , Cordone Graciela , Barbieri Pablo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn the Argentinean Humid Pampas, intensification practices like crop rotation, cover crops (CC), and fertilization can improve soil N balance. This study aimed to assess how intensification practices affect soil organic N (Norg), Norg in the particulate fraction (PF‐Norg), and N mineralized during a short‐term (7 d) anaerobic incubation (aN) in a 4‐yr experiment with soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]‐based crop sequences. At two sites differing in initial soil organic matter (SOM), five crop sequences were evaluated: continuous soybean (Sb); continuous soybean fertilized with P and sulfur (S; Sbf); CC/PS‐fertilized soybean (Sbf/CC); N‐fertilized CC/PS‐fertilized soybean (Sbf/CCf); NPS‐fertilized crop rotation (Rot). In addition, at one site we evaluated the C and N accumulation in CC dry matter, CC inclusion effect on soil inorganic N dynamics, and C and N content in soybean grain and shoots. At Site 1 (low SOM), Norg and PF‐Norg increased in intensified sequences as compared with Sb and Sbf, whereas no differences among treatments were detected at Site 2 (high SOM). Also, an increase in aN was observed in intensified treatments at both sites. At Site 2, soil sampling took place at soybean sowing and harvest during two growing seasons. At soybean sowing, Sb and Sbf presented ∼30 kg NO3−–N ha−1 more than intensified sequences, whereas at soybean harvest this trend was the opposite. In the fallow, CC captured N, minimizing N leaching without affecting N accumulation in soybean. Our results indicate that intensification in soybean‐based sequences improves soil N balances.
Iterative symbolic regression for learning transport equations
Authors: Ansari Mehrad , Gandhi Heta A. , Foster David G. , White Andrew D. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractComputational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis is widely used in chemical engineering. Although CFD calculations are accurate, the computational cost associated with complex systems makes it difficult to obtain empirical equations between system variables. Here, we combine active learning (AL) and symbolic regression (SR) to get a symbolic equation for system variables from CFD simulations. Gaussian process regression‐based AL allows for automated selection of variables by selecting the most instructive points from the available range of possible parameters. The results from these experiments are then passed to SR to find empirical symbolic equations for CFD models. This approach is scalable and applicable for any desired number of CFD design parameters. To demonstrate the effectiveness, we use this method with two model systems. We recover an empirical equation for the pressure drop in a bent pipe and a new equation for predicting backflow in a heart valve under aortic insufficiency.
Recent Advances in Metal‐Catalyzed C−H Bond Functionalization Reactions of Sulfoxonium Ylides
Authors: Bhorali Pratiksha , Sultana Sabera , Gogoi Sanjib 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn recent years, the transition‐metal‐catalyzed functionalization reactions of sulfoxonium ylides have been explored extensively because of their usefulness as carbene‐transfer agents, since they can produce metal carbenes through metal catalysis. Moreover, they are safer and have the advantages of simple handling and good stability over their other counterparts like diazo‐compounds. This review article attempts to highlight the recent advances in the metal‐catalyzed C−H functionalization of sulfoxonium ylides.