bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hair follicle associated pluripotent (HAP) stem cells jump from transplanted whiskers to pelage follicles and stimulate hair growth
Authors: Obara Koya , Reynoso Jose , Hamada Yuko , Aoki Yusuke , Kubota Yutaro , Masaki Noriyuki , Amoh Yasuyuki , Hoffman Robert M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractStimulation of hair growth in hair loss has been a difficult goal to achieve. Hair follicle-associated pluripotent (HAP) stem cells express nestin and have been shown to differentiate to multiple cell types including keratinocytes, neurons, beating cardiac muscles and numerous other cell types. HAP stem cells originate in the bulge area of the hair follicle and have been shown to migrate within and outside the hair follicle. In the present study, the upper part of vibrissa follicles from nestin-driven green-fluorescent protein (GFP) transgenic mice, containing GFP-expressing HAP stem cells, were transplanted in the dorsal area of athymic nude mice. Fluorescence microscopy and immunostaining showed the transplanted HAP stem cells jumped and targeted the bulge and hair bulb and other areas of the resident nude mouse pelage follicles where they differentiated to keratinocytes. These results indicate that transplanted nestin-GFP expressing HAP stem cells jumped from the upper part of the whisker follicles and targeted nude-mouse hair follicles, which are genetically deficient to grow normal hair shafts, and differentiated to keratinocytes to produce normal mature hair shafts. The resident nude-mouse pelage follicles targeted by jumping whisker HAP stem cells produced long hair shafts from numerous hair follicles for least 2 hair cycles during 36 days, demonstrations that HAP stem cells can stimulate hair growth. The present results for hair loss therapy are discussed.
Deep learning classification of urinary sediment crystals with optimal parameter tuning
Authors: Nagai Takahiro , Onodera Osamu , Okuda Shujiro 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe examination of urinary sediment crystals, the sedimentary components of urine, is useful in screening tests, and is always performed in medical examinations. The examination of urinary sediment crystals is typically done by classifying them under a microscope. Although automated analyzers are commercially available, manual classification is required, which is time-consuming and varies depending on the technologist performing the test and the laboratory. A set of test images was created, consisting of training, validation, and test images. The training images were transformed and augmented using various methods. The test images were classified to determine the patterns that could be correctly classified. Convolutional neural networks were used for training. Furthermore, we also considered the case where the crystal subcategories were not treated as separate. Learning with all parameters except the random cropping parameter showed the highest accuracy value. Treating the subcategories together or separately did not seem to affect the accuracy value. The accuracy of the best pattern was 0.918. When matched to a real-world case, the percentage of correct answers was 88%. Although the number of images was limited, good results were obtained in the classification of crystal images with optimal parameter tuning. The parameter optimization performed in this study can be used as a reference for future studies, with the goal of image classification by deep learning in clinical practice.
Analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid metatranscriptomes among patients with COVID-19 disease
Authors: Jochum Michael , Lee Michael D. , Curry Kristen , Zaksas Victoria , Vitalis Elizabeth , Treangen Todd , Aagaard Kjersti , Ternus Krista L. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTo better understand the potential relationship between COVID-19 disease and hologenome microbial community dynamics and functional profiles, we conducted a multivariate taxonomic and functional microbiome comparison of publicly available human bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) metatranscriptome samples amongst COVID-19 (n = 32), community acquired pneumonia (CAP) (n = 25), and uninfected samples (n = 29). We then performed a stratified analysis based on mortality amongst the COVID-19 cohort with known outcomes of deceased (n = 10) versus survived (n = 15). Our overarching hypothesis was that there are detectable and functionally significant relationships between BALF microbial metatranscriptomes and the severity of COVID-19 disease onset and progression. We observed 34 functionally discriminant gene ontology (GO) terms in COVID-19 disease compared to the CAP and uninfected cohorts, and 21 GO terms functionally discriminant to COVID-19 mortality (q < 0.05). GO terms enriched in the COVID-19 disease cohort included hydrolase activity, and significant GO terms under the parental terms of biological regulation, viral process, and interspecies interaction between organisms. Notable GO terms associated with COVID-19 mortality included nucleobase-containing compound biosynthetic process, organonitrogen compound catabolic process, pyrimidine-containing compound biosynthetic process, and DNA recombination, RNA binding, magnesium and zinc ion binding, oxidoreductase activity, and endopeptidase activity. A Dirichlet multinomial mixtures clustering analysis resulted in a best model fit using three distinct clusters that were significantly associated with COVID-19 disease and mortality. We additionally observed discriminant taxonomic differences associated with COVID-19 disease and mortality in the genusSphingomonas,belonging to the Sphingomonadacae family,Variovorax,belonging to the Comamonadaceae family, and in the class Bacteroidia,belonging to the order Bacteroidales. To our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate significant differences in taxonomic and functional signatures between BALF metatranscriptomes from COVID-19, CAP, and uninfected cohorts, as well as associating these taxa and microbial gene functions with COVID-19 mortality. Collectively, while this data does not speak to causality nor directionality of the association, it does demonstrate a significant relationship between the human microbiome and COVID-19. The results from this study have rendered testable hypotheses that warrant further investigation to better understand the causality and directionality of host–microbiome–pathogen interactions.
Aporphine and isoquinoline derivatives block glioblastoma cell stemness and enhance temozolomide cytotoxicity
Authors: Rodrigues-Junior Dorival Mendes , Raminelli Cristiano , Hassanie Haifa , Trossini Gustavo Henrique Goulart , Perecim Givago Prado , Caja Laia , Moustakas Aristidis , Vettore André Luiz 
Published: December 2022

AbstractGlioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive and common primary malignant brain tumor with limited available therapeutic approaches. Despite improvements in therapeutic options for GBM patients, efforts to develop new successful strategies remain as major unmet medical needs. Based on the cytotoxic properties of aporphine compounds, we evaluated the biological effect of 12 compounds obtained through total synthesis of ( ±)-apomorphine hydrochloride (APO) against GBM cells. The compounds 2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(1-methylene-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl)ethenone (A5) and ( ±)-1-(10,11-dimethoxy-6a,7-dihydro-4H-dibenzo[de,g]quinolin-6(5H)-yl)ethenone (C1) reduced the viability of GBM cells, with 50% inhibitory concentration ranging from 18 to 48 μM in patient‐derived GBM cultures. Our data show that APO, A5 or C1 modulate the expression of DNA damage and apoptotic markers, impair 3D‐gliomasphere growth and reduce the expression of stemness markers. Potential activity and protein targets of A5, C1 or APO were predicted in silico based on PASS and SEA software. Dopamine receptors (DRD1 and 5), CYP2B6, CYP2C9 and ABCB1, whose transcripts were differentially expressed in the GBM cells, were among the potential A5 or C1 target proteins. Docking analyses (HQSAR and 3D-QSAR) were performed to characterize possible interactions of ABCB1 and CYP2C9 with the compounds. Notably, A5 or C1 treatment, but not temozolomide (TMZ), reduced significantly the levels of extracellular ATP, suggesting ABCB1 negative regulation, which was correlated with stronger cytotoxicity induced by the combination of TMZ with A5 or C1 on GBM cells. Hence, our data reveal a potential therapeutic application of A5 and C1 as cytotoxic agents against GBM cells and predicted molecular networks that can be further exploited to characterize the pharmacological effects of these isoquinoline-containing substances.
Physicochemical mechanisms of bacterial response in the photodynamic potentiation of antibiotic effects
Authors: Soares Jennifer M. , Guimarães Francisco E. G. , Yakovlev Vladislav V. , Bagnato Vanderlei S. , Blanco Kate C. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAntibiotic failures in treatments of bacterial infections from resistant strains have been a global health concern, mainly due to the proportions they can reach in the coming years. Making microorganisms susceptible to existing antibiotics is an alternative to solve this problem. This study applies a physicochemical method to the standard treatment for modulating the synergistic response towards circumventing the mechanisms of bacterial resistance. Photodynamic inactivation protocols (curcumina 10 µM, 10 J/cm2) and their cellular behavior in the presence of amoxicillin, erythromycin, and gentamicin antibiotics were analyzed from the dynamics of bacterial interaction of a molecule that produces only toxic effects after the absorption of a specific wavelength of light. In addition to bacterial viability, the interaction of curcumin, antibiotics and bacteria were imaged and chemically analyzed using confocal fluorescence microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The interaction between therapies depended on the sequential order of application, metabolic activity, and binding of bacterial cell surface biomolecules. The results demonstrated a potentiating effect of the antibiotic with up to to 32-fold reduction in minimum inhibitory concentrations and mean reductions of 7 log CFU/ml by physicochemical action at bacterial level after the photodynamic treatment. The changes observed as a result of bacteria-antibiotic interactions, such as membrane permeabilization and increase in susceptibility, may be a possibility for solving the problem of microbial multidrug resistance.
Capsule robot pose and mechanism state detection in ultrasound using attention-based hierarchical deep learning
Authors: Liu Xiaoyun , Esser Daniel , Wagstaff Brandon , Zavodni Anna , Matsuura Naomi , Kelly Jonathan , Diller Eric 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIngestible robotic capsules with locomotion capabilities and on-board sampling mechanism have great potential for non-invasive diagnostic and interventional use in the gastrointestinal tract. Real-time tracking of capsule location and operational state is necessary for clinical application, yet remains a significant challenge. To this end, we propose an approach that can simultaneously determine the mechanism state and in-plane 2D pose of millimeter capsule robots in an anatomically representative environment using ultrasound imaging. Our work proposes an attention-based hierarchical deep learning approach and adapts the success of transfer learning towards solving the multi-task tracking problem with limited dataset. To train the neural networks, we generate a representative dataset of a robotic capsule within ex-vivo porcine stomachs. Experimental results show that the accuracy of capsule state classification is 97%, and the mean estimation errors for orientation and centroid position are 2.0 degrees and 0.24 mm (1.7% of the capsule’s body length) on the hold-out test set. Accurate detection of the capsule while manipulated by an external magnet in a porcine stomach and colon is also demonstrated. The results suggest our proposed method has the potential for advancing the wireless capsule-based technologies by providing accurate detection of capsule robots in clinical scenarios.
Influence of the surface flaws in oil-tempered wires on the fatigue life of automotive engine valve springs
Authors: Ko Dae-Cheol , Ahn Nam-Sik , Lee Kyung-Hun 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the fatigue life of an automotive engine valve spring when the micro defect is applied to a 2300 MPa-class oil-tempered wire (OT wire) with 2.5 mm of diameter as the critical flaw depth. First, the deformation of the surface flaws in the OT wire during the valve spring manufacturing processes was derived via FE analysis using the sub-modeling technique, and the residual stress of the final spring was measured and applied to the spring stress analysis model. Second, the strength of the valve spring was analyzed to examine the presence of residual stress and compare the applied stress levels by the surface flaw. Third, the influence of micro defects on the fatigue life of the spring was evaluated by applying the stress on the surface flaw derived through the spring strength analysis to the S–N curve derived through a rotary bending fatigue test with the OT wire. The flaw depth of 40 µm, which is the existing criterion for surface flaw management, does not reduce the fatigue life.
Whole exome sequencing in dense families suggests genetic pleiotropy amongst Mendelian and complex neuropsychiatric syndromes
Authors: Ganesh Suhas , Vemula Alekhya , Bhattacharjee Samsiddhi , Mathew Kezia , Ithal Dhruva , Navin Karthick , Nadella Ravi Kumar , Viswanath Biju , Sullivan Patrick F. ,   The ADBS Consortium, Rao Naren P. , Narayanaswamy Janardhanan C. , Sivakumar Palanimuthu T. , Kandasamy Arun , Kesavan Muralidharan , Mehta Urvakhsh Meherwan , Venkatasubramanian Ganesan , John John P. , Mukherjee Odity , Kannan Ramakrishnan , Mehta Bhupesh , Kandavel Thennarasu , Binukumar B. , Saini Jitender , Jayarajan Deepak , Shyamsundar A. , Moirangthem Sydney , Kumar K. G. Vijay , Holla Bharath , Mahadevan Jayant , Thirthalli Jagadisha , Chandra Prabha S. , Gangadhar Bangalore N. , Murthy Pratima , Panicker Mitradas M. , Bhalla Upinder S. , Chattarji Sumantra , Benegal Vivek , Varghese Mathew , Reddy Janardhan Y. C. , Raghu Padinjat , Rao Mahendra , Jain Sanjeev , Purushottam Meera 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWhole Exome Sequencing (WES) studies provide important insights into the genetic architecture of serious mental illness (SMI). Genes that are central to the shared biology of SMIs may be identified by WES in families with multiple affected individuals with diverse SMI (F-SMI). We performed WES in 220 individuals from 75 F-SMI families and 60 unrelated controls. Within pedigree prioritization employed criteria of rarity, functional consequence, and sharing by ≥ 3 affected members. Across the sample, gene and gene-set-wide case–control association analysis was performed with Sequence Kernel Association Test (SKAT). In 14/16 families with ≥ 3 sequenced affected individuals, we identified a total of 78 rare predicted deleterious variants in 78 unique genes shared by ≥ 3 members with SMI. Twenty (25%) genes were implicated in monogenic CNS syndromes in OMIM (OMIM-CNS), a fraction that is a significant overrepresentation (Fisher’s Exact test OR = 2.47, p = 0.001). In gene-set SKAT, statistically significant association was noted for OMIM-CNS gene-set (SKAT-p = 0.005) but not the synaptic gene-set (SKAT-p = 0.17). In this WES study in F-SMI, we identify private, rare, protein altering variants in genes previously implicated in Mendelian neuropsychiatric syndromes; suggesting pleiotropic influences in neurodevelopment between complex and Mendelian syndromes.
R2R3-MYB transcription factor GEMMA CUP-ASSOCIATED MYB1 mediates the cytokinin signal to achieve proper organ development in Marchantia polymorpha
Authors: Aki Shiori S. , Morimoto Tomoyo , Ohnishi Taiki , Oda Ayumi , Kato Hirotaka , Ishizaki Kimitsune , Nishihama Ryuichi , Kohchi Takayuki , Umeda Masaaki 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCytokinin, a plant hormone, plays essential roles in organ growth and development. The type-B response regulator-mediated cytokinin signaling is repressed by type-A response regulators and is conserved in the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha. Its signal coordinates the development of diverse organs on the thallus body, such as the gemma cup, rhizoid, and air pores. Here we report that the type-B response regulator MpRRB upregulates the expression of the R2R3-MYB transcription factor GEMMA CUP-ASSOCIATED MYB1 (MpGCAM1) in M. polymorpha. Whereas both Mpgcam1 and Mprrb knockout mutants exhibited defects in gemma cup formation, the Mpgcam1 Mprra double mutant, in which cytokinin signaling is activated due to the lack of type-A response regulator, also formed no gemma cups. This suggests that MpGCAM1 functions downstream of cytokinin signaling. Inducible overexpression of MpGCAM1 produced undifferentiated cell clumps on the thalli of both wild-type and Mprrb. However, smaller thalli were formed in Mprrb compared to the wild-type after the cessation of overexpression. These results suggest that cytokinin signaling promotes gemma cup formation and cellular reprogramming through MpGCAM1, while cytokinin signals also participate in activating cell division during thallus development.
Optical recognition of constructs using hyperspectral imaging and detection (ORCHID)
Authors: Odion Ren A. , Vo-Dinh Tuan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractChallenges to deep sample imaging have necessitated the development of special techniques such as spatially offset optical spectroscopy to collect signals that have travelled through several layers of tissue. However, these techniques provide only spectral information in one dimension (i.e., depth). Here, we describe a general and practical method, referred to as Optical Recognition of Constructs Using Hyperspectral Imaging and Detection (ORCHID). The sensing strategy integrates (1) the spatial offset detection concept by computationally binning 2D optical data associated with digital offsets based on selected radial pixel distances from the excitation source; (2) hyperspectral imaging using tunable filter; and (3) digital image binding and collation. ORCHID is a versatile modality that is designed to collect optical signals deep inside samples across three spatial (X, Y, Z) as well as spectral dimensions. The ORCHID method is applicable to various optical techniques that exhibit narrow-band structures, from Raman scattering to quantum dot luminescence. Samples containing surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-active gold nanostar probes and quantum dots embedded in gel were used to show a proof of principle for the ORCHID concept. The resulting hyperspectral data cube is shown to spatially locate target emitting nanoparticle volumes and provide spectral information for in-depth 3D imaging.
Early stage of evolution of Gonomyia (Diptera: Limoniidae), new significant discoveries in the Cretaceous Iberian and Kachin amber
Authors: Kania-Kłosok Iwona , Arillo Antonio , Tuchowski Michał , Zhang Qingqing , Krzemiński Wiesław 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThanks to detailed studies of inclusions in Spanish and Kachin amber, it was also possible to study the morphology of insects belonging to the genus Gonomyia. A new material under investigation made it possible to establish two new nominative for science subgenera within the genus Gonomyia has been designated with unique set of characters of antenna, wing venation and genitalia. Two new species within two new subgenera have been described and documented by drawings and photographs, there are Gonomyia (Iberiana) penalveri subgen. et sp. nov. and Gonomyia (Cretagonomyia) burmitica subgen. et sp. nov. The new discovery is the first record of the genus Gonomyia (Diptera: Limoniidae) in Cretaceous Spanish amber and the second in Kachin amber. The new discovery adds to the knowledge of the crane fies’ diversity and evolution, especially its first stage in the Cretaceous.
Multi-level analysis reveals the association between diabetes, body mass index, and HbA1c in an Iraqi population
Authors: Kowsar Rasoul , Mansouri Alireza 
Published: December 2022

AbstractType 2 diabetes (T2D) known as a complex metabolic disorder may cause health problems and changes in blood biochemical markers. A growing number of studies have looked into several biomarkers and their connections with T2D risk. However, few have explored the interconnection of these biomarkers, as well as the prospective alterations in the diabetes biomarker correlation network. We conducted a secondary analysis in order to introduce a multi-level approach to establish a relationship between diabetes, pre-diabetes, blood biochemical markers, age, and body mass index (BMI). The dataset was obtained from the Mendeley Data (available at https://data.mendeley.com/datasets/wj9rwkp9c2/1. In this study, three groups were established: non-diabetic (n = 103), pre-diabetic (n = 53), and diabetic (n = 844). According to the Heatmap analysis, non-diabetic and pre-diabetic individuals had the lowest BMI, age, and HbA1c. Diabetes and pre-diabetes were correlated with BMI (r = 0.58 and − 0.27, respectively), age (r = 0.47 and − 0.28, respectively), and HbA1c (r = 0.55 and − 0.21, respectively) using Pearson analysis. Using multivariate analysis, we found that diabetes, BMI, age, HbA1c, cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, VLDL, and HDL were all associated. Network analysis revealed a connection between BMI and diabetes at the highest cut-off point. Moreover, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis validated the network findings, revealing that BMI (area under the ROC curve, AUC = 0.95), HbA1c (AUC = 0.94), and age (AUC = 0.84) were the best predictors of diabetes. In conclusion, our multi-step study revealed that identifying significant T2D predictors, such as BMI and HbA1c, required a series of mathematical analyses.
Implications of navigation system use for glenoid component placement in reverse shoulder arthroplasty
Authors: Kida Hiroaki , Urita Atsushi , Momma Daisuke , Matsui Yuki , Endo Takeshi , Kawamura Daisuke , Taneichi Hiroshi , Iwasaki Norimasa 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRecently, three-dimensional (3D) planning, patient-specific instruments, and navigation system have been developed to improve the accuracy of baseplate placement in reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA). The purpose of this study was to evaluate baseplate placement using the navigation system. Sixty-four shoulders in 63 patients who underwent RSA for rotator cuff tear arthropathy or irreparable rotator cuff tears were enrolled. Conventional RSA was performed in 31 shoulders and navigated RSA using pre-operative planning software was performed in 33 shoulders. The use of augmented baseplates, the version and inclination of the baseplate, and screw length were compared between conventional RSA and navigated RSA. Augmented baseplates were used more frequently in navigated RSA than in conventional RSA (20 vs 9 shoulders, p = 0.014). Baseplate alignment was 1.0° (SD 5.1) of retroversion and 2.4° (SD 6.8) of superior inclination in conventional RSA and 0.2° (SD 1.9) of anteversion and 0.3° (SD 1.7) of superior inclination in navigated RSA. Compared with conventional RSA, precision of baseplate version and inclination were higher in navigated RSA (both p < 0.001). Superior, inferior, and posteroinferior screws were significantly longer in navigated RSA than in conventional RSA (p = 0.021, 0.001 and < 0.001, respectively). Precision of superior and inferior screw lengths was significantly higher in navigated RSA than in conventional RSA (both p = 0.001). Our results suggest that adoption of pre-operative planning software increased augmented baseplate use to minimize the glenoid reaming. The navigation system allows placement of the baseplate accurately, according to the pre-operative plan. Furthermore, the navigation system enables monitoring of screw length and direction in real time.