bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID-VU – ENT-UK national survey of flexible nasendoscopy in the upper aerodigestive tract amidst the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Loizidou Avgi , Tatla Taranjit Singh , Harvey Ian , Aibibula Miriayi , Roe Justin , Sethi Neeraj , Schilder Anne G. M. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Flexible nasendoscopy (FNE) is an invaluable multi-disciplinary tool for upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) examination. During the COVID-19 pandemic concerns were raised that FNE had the potential of generating aerosols resulting in human cross-contamination when performed on SARS-COV2 carriers. In the UK, and other European countries, national guidelines were issued restricting FNE to essential cases. We surveyed ENT-UK members and Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists (RCSLT) members to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic (first peak) on FNE practice in the UK.

Methods
An observational internet-based survey constructed in accordance to the CHERRIES checklist and setup in SurveyMonkey of FNE practice amongst UK-based ENT surgeons and speech and language therapists in community clinics, the outpatient department, inpatient wards, ICU, emergency department and operating theatres (through the NHS and private sector) prior to, during and following the first COVID-19 wave in the UK.

Results
314 responses collected (24% response rate), 82% from ENT clinicians, 17% from SLTs and 1% from other allied healthcare professionals. Overall, there has been a large reduction in the volume and indications for FNE during the first peak of the COVID-19 pandemic with limited recovery by mid-August 2020. Cancer and airway assessments were impacted less. A wide range of FNE protocols influenced by local factors are reported, varying in endoscope preference, Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and sterilization methods. Where dedicated Aerosol Generating Procedure (AGP) rooms were unavailable, clinicians resorted to window opening and variable room “down-time” between patients. Endoscope preference reflected availability and user familiarity, ENT trainees favoring the use of single-use video endoscopes.

Conclusion
Despite national guidance, local practice of FNE remains interrupted and highly variable in the UK. A collaborative inter-disciplinary approach is required to re-introduce FNE safely in volume across healthcare settings, re-establishing timely endoscopic diagnosis and pre-pandemic levels of patient care.
Price elasticity of demand for voluntary health insurance plans in Colombia
Authors: Casabianca María Sofía , Gallego Juan Miguel , Góngora Pamela , Rodríguez-Lesmes Paul 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Since 1993, Colombia has had a mandatory social health insurance scheme that aims to provide universal health coverage to all citizens. However, some contributory regime participants purchase voluntary private health insurance (VPHI) to access better quality health services (i. e., physicians and hospitals), shorter waiting times, and a more extensive providers’ network. This article aims to estimate the price elasticity of demand for the VPHI market in Colombia.

Methods
We use data from the 2016–2017 consumer expenditure national survey and apply a Heckman selection model to address the selection problem into purchasing private insurance. Using the estimation results to further estimate the price semi-elasticity for VPHI, we then calculate the price elasticity for the households’ health expenditure and acquisition of VHPI.

Results
Our main findings indicate that a 1% VPHI price increase reduces the proportion of households affiliated to a VPHI in the country by about 2.32% to 4.66%, with robust results across sample restrictions. There are relevant differences across age groups, with younger households’ heads being less responsive to VPHI price changes.

Conclusions
We conclude that the VPHI demand in Colombia is noticeably elastic, and therefore tax policy changes can have a significant impact on public health insurance expenditures. The government should estimate the optimal VPHI purchase in order to reduce any welfare loss that the current arrangement might be generating.
Comprehensive and integrative analyses identify TYW5 as a schizophrenia risk gene
Authors: Zhang Chengcheng , Li Xiaojing , Zhao Liansheng , Liang Rong , Deng Wei , Guo Wanjun , Wang Qiang , Hu Xun , Du Xiangdong , Sham Pak Chung , Luo Xiongjian , Li Tao 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundIdentifying the causal genes at the risk loci and elucidating their roles in schizophrenia (SCZ) pathogenesis remain significant challenges. To explore risk variants associated with gene expression in the human brain and to identify genes whose expression change may contribute to the susceptibility of SCZ, here we report a comprehensive integrative study on SCZ.MethodsWe systematically integrated the genetic associations from a large-scale SCZ GWAS (N= 56,418) and brain expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) data (N= 175) using a Bayesian statistical framework (Sherlock) and Summary data-based Mendelian Randomization (SMR). We also measured brain structure of 86 first-episode antipsychotic-naive schizophrenia patients and 152 healthy controls with the structural MRI.ResultsBoth Sherlock (P= 3. 38 × 10−6) and SMR (P= 1. 90 × 10−8) analyses showed thatTYW5mRNA expression was significantly associated with risk of SCZ. Brain-based studies also identified a significant association between TYW5 protein abundance and SCZ. The single-nucleotide polymorphism rs203772 showed significant association with SCZ and the risk allele is associated with higher transcriptional level ofTYW5in the prefrontal cortex. We further found thatTYW5was significantly upregulated in the brain tissues of SCZ cases compared with controls. In addition,TYW5expression was also significantly higher in neurons induced from pluripotent stem cells of schizophrenia cases compared with controls. Finally, combining analysis of genotyping and MRI data showed that rs203772 was significantly associated with gray matter volume of the right middle frontal gyrus and left precuneus.ConclusionsWe confirmed thatTYW5is a risk gene for SCZ. Our results provide useful information toward a better understanding of the genetic mechanism ofTYW5in risk of SCZ.
Leaving no one behind: targeting mobile and migrant populations with health interventions for disease elimination—a descriptive systematic review
Authors: Adams Molly W , Sutherland Elizabeth G , Eckert Erin L , Saalim Khalida , Reithinger Richard 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Mobile and migrant populations (MMPs) pose a unique challenge to disease elimination campaigns as they are often hard to survey and reach with treatment. While some elimination efforts have had success reaching MMPs, other campaigns are struggling to do so, which may be affecting progress towards disease control and elimination. Therefore, this paper reviews the literature on elimination campaigns targeting MMPs across a selection of elimination diseases—neglected tropical diseases, malaria, trypanosomiasis, polio, smallpox, and rinderpest.

Methods
Through a systematic review process following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a three-person review team identified papers from databases, conference records, and citation searches using inclusion/exclusion criteria. Papers were divided into three key outcome domains during the synthetization process: (1) MMP movement patterns in East Africa including reasons for movement and consequences in terms of health outcomes and healthcare access; (2) MMP contribution to the transmission of disease across all geographies; (3) surveillance methods and treatment interventions used to implement programming in MMPs across all geographies. Experts in the field also provided supplemental information and gray literature to support this review.

Results
The review identified 103 records which were descriptively analyzed using the outcome domains. The results indicate that in East Africa, there are various motivations for migration from economic opportunity to political unrest to natural disasters. Regardless of motivation, mobile lifestyles affect health service access such that MMPs in East Africa report barriers in accessing healthcare and have limited health knowledge. Often lower service delivery to these populations has resulted in higher disease prevalence. A minority of articles suggest MMPs do not pose challenges to reaching disease control and elimination thresholds. Finally, the literature highlighted surveillance methods (e.g., using satellite imagery or mobile phone data to track movement, participatory mapping, snowball sampling) and intervention strategies (e.g., integration with animal health campaigns, cross-border coordination, alternative mass drug administration [MDA] methods) to implement health interventions in MMPs.

Conclusions
Ultimately, the literature reviewed here can inform programmatic decisions as the community attempts to reach these never treated populations.

Systematic review registration
The protocol for this manuscript was registered with the International Prospective Registry of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) (No. CRD42021214743),
Association of the tissue infiltrated and peripheral blood immune cell subsets with response to radiotherapy for rectal cancer
Authors: Zhu Min , Li Xingjie , Cheng Xu , Yi Xingxu , Ye Fang , Li Xiaolai , Hu Zongtao , Zhang Liwei , Nie Jinfu , Li Xueling 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundTumor microenvironment plays pivotal roles in carcinogenesis, cancer development and metastasis. Composition of cancer immune cell subsets can be inferred by deconvolution of gene expression profile accurately. Compositions of the cell types in cancer microenvironment including cancer infiltrating immune and stromal cells have been reported to be associated with the cancer outcomes markers for cancer prognosis. However, rare studies have been reported on their association with the response to preoperative radiotherapy for rectal cancer.MethodsIn this paper, we deconvoluted the immune/stromal cell composition from the gene expression profiles. We compared the composition of immune/stromal cell types in the RT responsive versus nonresponsive for rectal cancer. We also compared the peripheral blood immune cell subset composition in the stable diseases versus progressive diseases of rectal cancer patients with fluorescence-activated cell sorting from our institution.ResultsCompared with the non-responsive group, the responsive group showed higher proportions of CD4+T cell (0.1378 ± 0.0368 vs. 0.1071 ± 0.0373,p = 0.0215), adipocytes, T cells CD4 memory resting, and lower proportions of CD8+T cell (0.1798 ± 0.0217 vs. 0.2104 ± 0.0415,p = 0.0239), macrophages M2, and preadipocytes in their cancer tissue. The responsive patients showed a higher ratio of CD4+/CD8+T cell proportions (mean 0.7869 vs. 0.5564,p = 0.0210). Consistently, the peripheral blood dataset showed higher proportion of CD4+T cells and higher ratio of CD4+/CD8+T cells, and lower proportion of CD8+T cells for favorable prognosis. We validated these results with a pooled dataset of GSE3493 and GSE35452, and more peripheral blood data, respectively. Finally, we imported these eight cell features including eosinophils and macrophage M1 to Support Vector Machines and could predict the pre-radiotherapy responsive versus non-responsive with an accuracy of 76%, ROC AUC 0.77, 95% confidential interval of 0.632–0.857, better than the gene signatures.ConclusionsOur results showed that the proportions of tumor-infiltrating subsets and peripheral blood immune cell subsets can be important immune cell markers and treatment targets for outcomes of radiotherapy for rectal cancer.
Hot isopropanol quenching procedure for automated microtiter plate scale 13C-labeling experiments
Authors: Nießer Jochen , Müller Moritz Fabian , Kappelmann Jannick , Wiechert Wolfgang , Noack Stephan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundCurrently, the generation of genetic diversity for microbial cell factories outpaces the screening of strain variants with omics-based phenotyping methods. Especially isotopic labeling experiments, which constitute techniques aimed at elucidating cellular phenotypes and supporting rational strain design by growing microorganisms on substrates enriched with heavy isotopes, suffer from comparably low throughput and the high cost of labeled substrates.ResultsWe present a miniaturized, parallelized, and automated approach to13C-isotopic labeling experiments by establishing and validating a hot isopropanol quenching method on a robotic platform coupled with a microbioreactor cultivation system. This allows for the first time to conduct automated labeling experiments at a microtiter plate scale in up to 48 parallel batches. A further innovation enabled by the automated quenching method is the analysis of free amino acids instead of proteinogenic ones on said microliter scale. Capitalizing on the latter point and as a proof of concept, we present an isotopically instationary labeling experiment inCorynebacterium glutamicumATCC 13032, generating dynamic labeling data of free amino acids in the process.ConclusionsOur results show that a robotic liquid handler is sufficiently fast to generate informative isotopically transient labeling data. Furthermore, the amount of biomass obtained from a sub-milliliter cultivation in a microbioreactor is adequate for the detection of labeling patterns of free amino acids. Combining the innovations presented in this study, isotopically stationary and instationary automated labeling experiments can be conducted, thus fulfilling the prerequisites for13C-metabolic flux analyses in high-throughput.
Biological correlates of altered circadian rhythms, autonomic functions and sleep problems in autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Dell’Osso Liliana , Massoni Leonardo , Battaglini Simone , Cremone Ivan Mirko , Carmassi Claudia , Carpita Barbara 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by a complex and multifaceted neurobehavioral syndrome. In the last decades, several studies highlighted an increased prevalence of sleep problems in ASD, which would be associated with autonomic system and circadian rhythm disruption. The present review aimed to summarize the available literature about sleep problems in ASD subjects and about the possible biological factors implicated in circadian rhythm and autonomic system deregulation in this population, as well as possible therapeutic approaches. Shared biological underpinnings between ASD symptoms and altered circadian rhythms/autonomic functions are also discussed. Studies on sleep showed how ASD subjects typically report more problems regarding insufficient sleep time, bedtime resistance and reduced sleep pressure. A link between sleep difficulties and irritability, deficits in social skills and behavioral problems was also highlighted. Among the mechanisms implicated, alteration in genes related to circadian rhythms, such asCLOCKgenes, and in melatonin levels were reported. ASD subjects also showed altered hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis and autonomic functions, generally with a tendency towards hyperarousal and hyper sympathetic state. Intriguingly, some of these biological alterations in ASD individuals were not associated only with sleep problems but also with more autism-specific clusters of symptoms, such as communication impairment or repetitive behaviors Although among the available treatments melatonin showed promising results, pharmacological studies for sleep problems in ASD need to follow more standardized protocols to reach more repeatable and reliable results. Further research should investigate the issue of sleep problems in ASD in a broader perspective, taking into account shared pathophysiological mechanisms for core and associated symptoms of ASD.
Students’ knowledge of and conservation attitude toward the black-necked crane (Grus nigricollis) in Guizhou, China: insights for conservation
Authors: Ruan Yun , Li Yalong , Xia Yuanping , Yu Tailin , Dai Chuanyin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
The persistence of threatened and protected wildlife depends not only on habitat suitability but also remarkably on local communities’ acceptance. The black-necked crane (Grus nigricollis) is a flagship species for conservation on the plateau in western China. However, the human dimension has been completely ignored in the decision-making process for conservation.

Methods
In this study, a questionnaire survey aiming to assess knowledge of and conservation attitude toward this bird was carried out among 1042 students of 7th and 9th grade from 12 schools in Weining county, Guizhou province, which has a large wintering population in an urban wetland. Logistic regression was used in the generalized linear model to identify the determinants that significantly affect students’ knowledge of and conservation attitude toward this species.

Results
Most students have positive attitudes toward conservation, which is significantly affected by awareness, knowledge of this bird and grade. However, they have somewhat limited knowledge of this bird’s biology and ecosystem services (nature’s contributions to people). Knowledge was found to link with observation of the bird and grade, while observation related to the experience of visiting the wetland. Social media is the most cited resource to obtain knowledge on this bird.

Conclusion
It is suggested that local conservation experts could help introduce more information on the black-necked crane in the schools and help conduct outdoor education activities in and around the wetland. Traditional knowledge and culture could also be incorporated into the conservation awareness enhancing program. This study focuses on the human dimension for conserving the black-necked crane in China, showing significant implications in the design and application of effective measurements to improve students’ perception and attitude toward its conservation. Future assessments should include other local populations, such as farmers, fishers, and urban citizens.
Accelerating leaf area measurement using a volumetric approach
Authors: Haghshenas Abbas , Emam Yahya 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Despite the advances in the techniques of indirect estimation of leaf area, the destructive measurement approaches have still remained as the reference and the most accurate methods. However, even utilizing the modern sensors and applications usually requires the laborious and time-consuming practice of unfolding and analyzing the single leaves, separately. In the present study, a volumetric approach was tested to determine the pile leaf area based on the ratio of leaf volume divided by thickness. For this purpose, the suspension technique was used for volumetry, which is based on the simple practice and calculations of the Archimedes’ principle.

Results
Wheat volumetric leaf area (VLA), had a high agreement and approximately 1:1 correlation with the conventionally measured optical leaf area (OLA). Exclusion of the midrib volume from calculations, did not affect the estimation error (NRMSE < 2.61%); however, improved the slope of the linear model by about 6%, and also reduced the bias between the methods. The error of sampling for determining mean leaf thickness of the pile, was also less than 2% throughout the season. Besides, a more practical and facilitated version of pile volumetry was tested using Specific Gravity Bench (SGB), which is currently available as a laboratory equipment. As an important observation, which was also expectable according to the leaf 3D expansion (i.e., in a given 2D plane), it was evidenced that the variations in the OLA exactly follows the pattern of the changes in the leaf volume. Accordingly, it was suggested that the relative leaf areas of various experimental treatments might be compared directly based on volume, and independently of leaf thickness. Furthermore, no considerable difference was observed among the OLAs measured using various image resolutions (NRMSE < 0.212%); which indicates that even the superfast scanners with low resolutions as 200 dpi may be used for a precision optical measurement of leaf area.

Conclusions
It is expected that utilizing the reliable and simple concept of volumetric leaf area, based on which the measurement time might be independent of sample size, facilitate the laborious practice of leaf area measurement; and consequently, improve the precision of field experiments.
Weight spectrum and executive function in adolescents: the moderating role of negative emotions
Authors: Lin Qingmin , Jiang Yanrui , Sun Xiaoning , Zhang Yunting , Shan Wenjie , Zhao Jin , Wang Xuelai , Zhu Qi , Sun Wanqi , Lu Hui , Jiang Fan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundWhile recent works suggested that overweight/obesity may impair executive function (EF), the overweight/obesity-EF relationship has not been well studied in adolescents. Furthermore, no research has investigated adolescent EF impairments across the weight spectrum (e.g., underweight or thinness, normal, overweight/obesity), especially those with underweight condition, with the moderating effect of negative emotions in the weight-EF association being limitedly investigated. We aimed to determine whether overall and abdominal weight spectrum associated with EF impairments and to identity whether negative emotions moderate the weight-EF link in adolescents.MethodsWe applied a subsample of the SCHEDULE-A project. Adolescents (11–18 years) were recruited using a multi-stage cluster random sampling approach. We measured the overall and abdominal weight spectrum by body mass index z-score and waist-to-height ratio, respectively. We used the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) to evaluate adolescent EF in nature setting, and utilized the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS-21) to assess three types of negative emotional status (i.e., depression, anxiety, and stress).ResultsOf the 1935 adolescents, 963 (49.8%) were male. We observed that abdominal, not overall, overweight was associated with the Global Executive Composite (GEC) impairment (OR = 1.59, 95% CI 1.07–2.35), particularly for inhibit, emotion control, shift, working memory, and monitor domains. Furthermore, depression moderated the abdominal overweight-GEC association (P = 0.032 for interaction term), especially for emotional control, working memory, and initiate dimensions. Moreover, we also found abdominal thinness was associated with the Metacognition Index problem (OR = 1.33, 95% CI 1.04–1.72), particularly for plan and monitor areas.ConclusionsBoth abdominal overweight and thinness were associated with adolescent EF, and depression would be a modifiable target to improve EF in adolescents with abdominal overweight. Future longitudinal studies are needed to investigate the causal relationship between abdominal weight spectrum and EF, as well as the underlying mechanisms among adolescents suffering from depression.
Bi-order multimodal integration of single-cell data
Authors: Dou Jinzhuang , Liang Shaoheng , Mohanty Vakul , Miao Qi , Huang Yuefan , Liang Qingnan , Cheng Xuesen , Kim Sangbae , Choi Jongsu , Li Yumei , Li Li , Daher May , Basar Rafet , Rezvani Katayoun , Chen Rui , Chen Ken 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntegration of single-cell multiomics profiles generated by different single-cell technologies from the same biological sample is still challenging. Previous approaches based on shared features have only provided approximate solutions. Here, we present a novel mathematical solution named bi-order canonical correlation analysis (bi-CCA), which extends the widely used CCA approach to iteratively align the rows and the columns between data matrices. Bi-CCA is generally applicable to combinations of any two single-cell modalities. Validations using co-assayed ground truth data and application to a CAR-NK study and a fetal muscle atlas demonstrate its capability in generating accurate multimodal co-embeddings and discovering cellular identity.