bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intelligent reflecting surface‐aided network planning
Authors: Tseng Fan‐Hsun , Liang Yu‐Shan , Ti Yen‐Wu , Yu Chia‐Mu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntelligent reflecting surface (IRS) composed of a large number of low‐cost, phase‐adjustable passive reflecting elements, which is an attractive solution of overcoming the signal attenuation and interference. IRS can be used as a low‐power passive system with signal enhancement and interference suppression. However, the planning problem of a large‐scale network contains a great numbers of base stations (BSs) and IRSs is challenging. The network planning problem considers limited deployment cost and signal enhancement at the same time is vital. Here, the 6G wireless signal coverage (WSC) problem with the consideration of both BS and IRS is considered. More specifically, the 6G WSC problem is first formulated through the integer linear programming. Due to its obvious NP‐hardness, two efficient heuristic algorithms that can reach a near‐optimal solution, that is, the WSC algorithm and the tree‐based WSC (TBWSC) algorithm is then proposed. Simulation‐based results showed that the proposed WSC algorithm achieves lower total cost than that of the TBWSC algorithm but also results in lower signal quality. The proposed TBWSC algorithm obtains the planning result with the highest signal quality and slightly higher total cost. Both proposed algorithms can find better planning results of multiple BSs and IRSs for 6G wireless communications.
Dynamic switching event‐triggered secondary frequency control of isolated microgrid with communication delay
Authors: Yu Yongjin , Sun Guoqiang , Zhang Yumin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe popularity of renewable energy distributed generation has increased for environmental and convenient concerns. However, the occurrence of the above situation will cause the communication resources of the microgrid to be rapidly consumed to maintain the frequency stability of the system. In this work, a novel event‐triggered scheme is developed to ameliorate the present communication networks of island microgrid with communication delay. Combining the newly constructed Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional and the convex combinatorial method, the asymptotic stability of a typical microgrid is demonstrated. Moreover, taking dynamic switching system into account, the two‐part proof is completed independently. Then, a positive inter‐execution time lower bound is implemented to guarantee that there is no Zeno behaviour. Finally, the numerical simulation results are compared with other sampling methods in different scenarios. It indicates that the proposed scheme is superior to other types of scheme in frequency response performance and communication burden.
High‐efficient optimisation method of antenna array radiation pattern synthesis based on multi‐layer perceptron network
Authors: Zhang Shiyuan , Huang Da , Niu Baojun , Bai Ming 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWith the increasing complexity of the application environment of antenna arrays and the increasing requirements for antenna array radiation patterns, efficient optimisation methods of antenna array radiation pattern synthesis have always been the challenges of the research. This paper proposes a method of utilising a multi‐layer perceptron network to optimise the radiation patterns of antenna array. The optimisation requirements of the antenna array radiation pattern are described by defining the objective mask function, which is designed to shape the target radiation pattern by desired features. Simulation experiments have been designed with a variety of antenna array layouts, of which the radiation patterns with different requirements were successfully synthesised and optimised. The results show that the proposed method has high efficiency and satisfactory optimisation effect in dealing with the problem of complex radiation pattern requirements.
Sampled‐data‐based H∞ load frequency control for power systems with wind power
Authors: Qin Shi‐Gang , Liu De‐Shun , Lian Hong‐Hai 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLoad disturbances, the intermittent generation of wind power, and the uncertainty of sampling period will significantly affect the frequency stability of power system. This paper presents a sampled‐data‐based load frequency control (LFC) scheme for power systems with wind power (PSWPs), which aims to guarantee the stable operation of the systems under a sampling period as large as possible while retaining the desired robust performance. First, by considering the feature that power system plant operates in continuous‐time domain and LFC controller operates in discrete‐time domain, the closed‐loop PSWPs installed with a PI‐type LFC controller is modeled as sampled‐data control system with aperiodic samplings. Second, by utilizing an augmented two‐side looped Lyapunov functional and the linear matrix inequality (LMI), two sampling‐interval‐dependent stability criteria with less conservatism are derived for the studied systems, which guarantee that the presented LFC scheme operates in a large sampling period. Then, based on proposed stability condition, a sampled‐data‐based PI‐type LFC controller with the consideration of sampling period and performance index is obtained. Following this, an algorithm is given to obtain the gain of sampled‐data‐based PI‐type LFC controller and the admissible maximum sampling period while preserving the desired robust performance. Finally, case studies are carried out on the one‐area power system and three‐area PSWPs. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented LFC scheme, and robustness against load disturbances, wind power fluctuations and sampling period. It also shows that the designed LFC scheme can tolerate a larger sampling period while preserving the desired performance.
A root cause analysis system to establish the most plausible explanation for post-endoscopy upper gastrointestinal cancer
Authors: Kamran Umair , King Dominic , Abbasi Abdullah , Coupland Ben , Umar Nosheen , Chapman Warren C. , Hebbar Srisha , Trudgill Nigel J. 
Published: August 2022

Background Missing upper gastrointestinal cancer (UGIC) at endoscopy may prevent curative treatment. We have developed a root cause analysis system for potentially missed UGICs at endoscopy (post-endoscopy UGIC [PEUGIC]) to establish the most plausible explanations.Methods The electronic records of patients with UGIC at two National Health Service providers were examined. PEUGICs were defined as UGICs diagnosed 6–36 months after an endoscopy that did not diagnose cancer. An algorithm based on the World Endoscopy Organization post-colonoscopy colorectal cancer algorithm was developed to categorize and identify potentially avoidable PEUGICs.Results Of 1327 UGICs studied, 89 (6.7 %) were PEUGICs (patient median [IQR] age at endoscopy 73.5 (63.5–81.0); 60.7 % men). Of the PEUGICs, 40 % were diagnosed in patients with Barrett’s esophagus. PEUGICs were categorized as: A – lesion detected, adequate assessment and decision-making, but PEUGIC occurred (16.9 %); B – lesion detected, inadequate assessment or decision-making (34.8 %); C – possible missed lesion, endoscopy and decision-making adequate (8.9 %); D – possible missed lesion, endoscopy or decision-making inadequate (33.7 %); E – deviated from management pathway but appropriate (5.6 %); F – deviated inappropriately from management pathway (3.4 %). The majority of PEUGICs (71 %) were potentially avoidable and in 45 % the cancer outcome could have been different if it had been diagnosed on the initial endoscopy. There was a negative correlation between endoscopists’ mean annual number of endoscopies and the technically attributable PEUGIC rate (correlation coefficient −0.57; P = 0.004).Conclusion Missed opportunities to avoid PEUGIC were identified in 71 % of cases. Root cause analysis can standardize future investigation of PEUGIC and guide quality improvement efforts.
Disappearing Help Text: Implementing a Note-Based Tool for In-Line Clinical Decision Support and Note Bloat Reduction
Authors: Chong Amy Z. , Lee Begem , Hollenbach Kathryn , Kuelbs Cynthia L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective The authors describe a novel solution to the challenges of lengthy notes and poor note readability by creating an unobtrusive clinical decision support tool named “disappearing help text.”
Methods We designed this tool in Pediatric Hospital Medicine (PHM) note templates to provide in-line decision support on best documentation practices, note bloat reduction, billing compliance, and provider workflow enhancement.
Results After template changes that utilized disappearing help text, we reduced the percent of notes utilizing any laboratory SmartLink from 90.2 to 15.3% for admission notes (p <0.001), 92.6 to 17.8% for progress notes (p <0.001), and 14 to 7.2% for discharge summaries (p <0.001). In admission and progress notes, this correlated with a significant reduction in the median note length as a proxy of note bloat reduction, with a 18.7% character count reduction in progress notes (p <0.001) and a 6.4% reduction in admission notes (p <0.001). PHM coding queries decreased from an average of 42 per month to 36 per month, and there was no change in PHM attending billing compliance audit performance.
Discussion Note template changes that utilized disappearing help text significantly reduced the length of both progress and admission notes, a proxy for note bloat reduction, without negatively impacting coding query frequency or internal billing audit performance. One factor that likely contributed to this reduction in note length is the reduced usage of laboratory SmartLinks prompted by disappearing help text.
Conclusion We present the use of in-line disappearing help text embedded into note templates as a clinical decision support tool to improve note readability, educate trainees on note documentation, and protect confidential teen information. Help text implementation correlated with a reduction in the automatic insertion of laboratories into notes and a decrease in note character count.
Current Applications of Dynamic Navigation System in Endodontics: A Scoping Review
Authors: Martinho Frederico Canato , Griffin Ina Laurie , Corazza Bruna Jordão Motta 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis scoping review (SCR) was conducted to map the existing literature on dynamic navigation system (DNS), to examine the extent, range, and nature of research activity. Additionally, this SCR disseminates research findings, determines the value of conducting a full systematic review with meta-analysis, and identifies gaps in the existing literature and future directions. This SCR followed Arksey and O'Malley's five stages framework. The electronic search was performed in PubMed (Medline), Scopus (Elsevier), and Web of Science (Clarivate Analytics) databases using a search strategy. Five themes emerged during the descriptive analysis that captured the DNS application in endodontics. The DNS has been explored for creating access cavities (8/18, 44.44%), locating calcified canals (4/18, 22.2%), microsurgery (3/18, 16.6%), post removal (2/18, 11.1%), and intraosseous anesthesia (1/18, 5.5%). Out of the 18 studies included, 12 are in vitro (66.6%), five are in vivo (case report) (27.7%), and one is ex vivo (5.5%). The DNS demonstrated accuracy and efficiency in performing minimally invasive access cavities, locating calcified canals, and performing endodontic microsurgery, and it helped target the site for intraosseous anesthesia.
Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations: What the Interventional Radiologist Should Know
Authors: Kaufman Claire S. , McDonald Jamie , Balch Heather , Whitehead Kevin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) are abnormal connections between the pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein bypassing the normal capillary bed causing a right-to-left shunt. The majority (80–90%) of PAVMs are associated with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). PAVMs may be asymptomatic or present with symptoms of hypoxia, shortness of breath, migraines, sequelae of paradoxical embolization, or rupture. Transcatheter embolization has become the standard of care. This article will review the clinical presentation, workup, genetics, imaging findings, embolization, complications, and follow-up for patients with PAVMs.
Lung, Pleural, and Mediastinal Biopsies: From Preprocedural Assessment to Technique and Management of Complications
Authors: Larocque Natasha , Brook Olga R. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBiopsies of the lung, pleura, and mediastinum play a crucial role in the workup of thoracic lesions. Percutaneous image-guided biopsy of thoracic lesions is a relatively safe and noninvasive way to obtain a pathologic diagnosis which is required to direct patient management. This article reviews how to safely perform image-guided biopsies of the lung, pleura, and mediastinum, from the preprocedural assessment to reviewing intraprocedural techniques, and how to avoid and manage complications.
Percutaneous Chest Tube for Pleural Effusion and Pneumothorax
Authors: Ukeh Ifechi , Fang Adam , Patel Sandhya , Opoku Kwaku , Nezami Nariman 
Published: August 2022

AbstractChest tubes are placed in the pleural space to evacuate abnormal fluid or air accumulations. Various types and sizes of chest tubes are available. Imaging including ultrasound, computed tomography, and fluoroscopy should be used to guide chest tube placement. Understanding the anatomy of the pleural space, along with the etiology and classification of pleural space disease, can help optimize chest tube management. This article will review the indications, contraindications, techniques, and postprocedure follow-up of chest tube placement as well as discuss the management and prevention of complications.
The Latest on Lung Ablation
Authors: Cramer Peyton , Pua Bradley B. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLung cancer is the second most common cancer in both men and women. Despite smoking cessation efforts and advances in lung cancer detection and treatment, long-term survival remains low. For early-stage primary lung carcinoma, surgical resection offers the best chance of long-term survival; however, only about one-third of patients are surgical candidates. For nonsurgical candidates, minimally invasive percutaneous thermal ablation therapies have become recognized as safe and effective treatment alternatives, including radiofrequency ablation, microwave ablation, and cryoablation. Lung ablation is also an acceptable treatment for limited oligometastatic and oligorecurrent diseases. This article discusses the technologies and techniques available for tumor ablation of thoracic malignancies, as well as new treatments on the horizon.
Can pasture defoliation management targets be similar under full sun and shaded conditions?
Authors: Krahl Gustavo , Baldissera Tiago Celso , Pinto Cassiano Eduardo , Garagorry Fábio Cervo , Werner Simone Silmara , Lopes Cássio Felipe , Ribeiro Filho Henrique Mendonça Nunes 
Published: August 2022

Context ​Defoliation management targets applied to forages under the full sun have not yet been properly evaluated for shaded environments such as occur in integrated crop–livestock systems with the presence of trees. Aims This study aimed to determine defoliation targets under full sun and shaded environments for the shade-tolerant perennial summer grass hybrid Axonopus catharinensis (giant missionary grass), widely used in pasture systems of South Brazil and Argentina. Methods Four pre-defoliation canopy heights (15, 25, 35 and 45 cm) and four defoliation severities (20%, 40%, 60% and 80% reduction in pre-defoliation canopy height) were evaluated. Plants were grown in 0.15 m3 wooden boxes filled with sand/vermiculite substrate (1:1 v/v) and irrigated with a complete nutrient solution. An artificial shade structure was made with wooden slats, reducing light intensity by 50% for shaded plants. Key results Herbage accumulation decreased by 54% in shaded plants compared with those under full sun. Regardless of the light environment, the lowest crude protein content (<150 g/kg dry matter) and the highest neutral detergent fibre content (>650 g/kg dry matter) were observed when the defoliation target height was >35 cm. Both shaded and full sun environments showed decreases in tiller density when defoliation severity was >60% of pre-defoliation canopy heights. Conclusions Pre-defoliation canopy heights >35 cm and defoliation severity >60% of pre-defoliation canopy height should be avoided when managing A. catharinensis, regardless of the light environment. Implications Recommended targets may be easily implemented by livestock producers and are similar for full sun and shade environments.
Use of plasma oxidation for conversion of metal salt infiltrated thin polymer films to metal oxide
Authors: Conway J , Snelgrove M , Yadav P , Shiel K , Lundy R , Selkirk A , O’Connor R , Morris M A , Turner M M , Daniels S 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Oxygen plasma treatments for conversion of metal salt infiltrated polymer films to metal oxide films using an asymmetrical capacitively coupled plasma system were investigated. Hydroxylated Poly-2-Vinylpyridine (P2VP-OH) thin films grafted to silicon were exposed to metal salt-solvent solutions which swell the polymer enabling metal ion infiltration. Exposing the resulting film to oxygen plasma resulted in formation of polymer-free metal oxide films. Atomic oxygen and positive ions present in plasma can both influence the process outcome. A design of experiment approach was used to investigate the impact of radio frequency (RF) power, gas pressure and process time on plasma composition and the resulting metal oxide films. A combination of Langmuir probe, retarding field energy analyser and optical emission spectroscopy measurements were used to monitor the plasma. The samples surfaces were examined using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ellipsometry, transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray analysis. Gas pressure and RF power were found to strongly influence both ion energy, and atomic oxygen to molecular ion ratios [O]/[O2
+] in the plasma which impacted the resulting surface layer. For the plasma conditions investigated conversion to a metal oxide was achieved in minutes. Sputter contamination was found to be significant in some cases.
A comparative study of electrochemical and electrostatic doping modulation of magnetism in Fe3O4 via ultracapacitor structure
Authors: Gu Fangchao , Zhang Leqing , Li Zhaohui , Zhang Jie , Pan Yuanyuan , Li Qinghao , Li Hongsen , Qin Yufeng , Li Qiang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Electric field control of magnetism can boost energy efficiency and have brought revolutionary breakthroughs in the development of widespread applications in spintronics. Electrolyte gating plays an important role in magnetism modulation. In this work, reversible room-temperature electric field control of saturation magnetization in Fe3O4 via a supercapacitor structure is demonstrated with three types of traditional gate electrolytes for comparison. Different magnetization response and responsible mechanisms are revealed by Operando magnetometry PPMS/VSM and XPS characterization. The main mechanism in Na2SO4, KOH aqueous electrolytes is electrochemical effect, while both electrochemical and electrostatic effects were found in LiPF6 organic electrolyte. This work offers a kind of reference basis for selecting appropriate electrolyte in magnetism modulation by electrolyte-gating in the future, meanwhile, paves its way towards practical use in magneto-electric actuation, voltage-assisted magnetic storage, facilitating the development of high-performance spintronic devices.
Pavement crack measurement based on aerial 3D reconstruction and learning-based segmentation method
Authors: Jiang Shang , Gu Siyang , Yan Zhiyu 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Rapid inspection of urban road cracks is vital to maintain traffic smoothness and ensure traffic safety. A rapid pavement crack inspection method uses low-altitude aerial images captured by an unmanned aerial system (UAS) and deep-learning aided 3D reconstruction, and a learning-based object segmentation algorithm is proposed to measure road cracks automatically. The contributions include: (a) An efficient 3D reconstruction method for low-altitude aerial images captured by a UAS is proposed, which applies an instance segmentation network to segment road targets from raw images with complex backgrounds first and then performs structure from motion to reconstruct a large-scale road orthophoto from a large number of aerial images. (b) To detect cracks from the reconstructed large-size road orthophoto, a sliding window algorithm and U-Net model optimized with a transformer structure are used to automatically identify and segment the cracks from the orthophoto at the pixel level. Then, a connected domain feature analysis method is used to measure the road crack length. The proposed method is applied to detection of road cracks in a 1.5 km2 area of a city. The results show that the proposed method can effectively and accurately detect cracks and measure the length of cracks in the 4-km-long road, which proves the practicality of the proposed method.
Noise reduction and feature enhancement of hob vibration signal based on parameter adaptive VMD and autocorrelation analysis
Authors: Yuan Yanfei , Yan Ping , Zhou Han , Huang Qin , Wu Dayuan , Zhu Junhan , Ni Zhongming 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The vibration signal of the hobbing machine is susceptible to changes in the frequency domain distribution owing to the influence of the machine’s inherent vibration and random pulses, which affects the condition monitoring and wear prediction of the hobbing machine. Variational mode decomposition (VMD) can compensate for the mode mixing problem of ensemble empirical mode decomposition method owing to its inherent equivalent filtering property. However, the decomposition performance of VMD depends heavily on two hyperparameters that need to be set in advance, i.e. the number of bandwidth-limited intrinsic mode functions (BLIMFs) K and the penalty factor α. Thus, a hybrid signal denoising and feature enhancement method based on parameter adaptive variational mode decomposition (PAVMD) and autocorrelation analysis is proposed in this study. First, a gradient-based optimizer is introduced to optimally select the decomposition parameter of VMD, and then a series of BLIMFs are obtained via VMD. Further, an evaluation criterion called enhanced periodic modulation intensity based on autocorrelation analysis is built to quantify the noise-related degree of each BLIMF. Finally, the denoised signal is obtained based on the proposed reconstruction strategy. The comparison with other methods in both the simulation and the actual signal analysis reveals that the proposed method has a better performance in terms of eliminating the high-frequency noise, reserving higher effective frequencies, and the evaluation indicator.