bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing a signature pedagogy for doctoral education
Authors: Smith Kari 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe number of doctoral students internationally is on the increase, yet low completion rates seem to be stable. Universities need to learn from each other to strengthen doctoral education. In doctoral education, the person and the doctoral project are intertwined and both must be nurtured and developed. This article presents the signature pedagogy of the Norwegian Research School in Teacher Education (NAFOL). The international and national context of NAFOL is described and the reasons for establishing NAFOL are presented. The pedagogical vision behind the research school is outlined, and examples of how the vision translates into activities are provided. The last part of the article analyses experiences from NAFOL and highlights points that might be useful to other research schools in different contexts. Based on the experience gained at NAFOL, a whole person approach to doctoral students in doctoral education is recommended.
Adrenal insufficiency among children treated with hormonal therapy for infantile spasms
Authors: Doré‐Brabant Gabrielle , Laflamme Geneviève , Millette Maude , Osterman Bradley , Chrestian Nicolas 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveHormonal therapy is a standard treatment for children with infantile spasms. However, the high doses given and long treatment duration expose patients to the risk of adrenal insufficiency (AI). This study aims to quantify the cumulative incidence of AI among children with infantile spasms treated with high‐dose corticosteroids and/or adrenocorticotropic hormone.MethodsA retrospective chart review of patients treated for infantile spasms was performed between January 2009 and March 2020 in one pediatric specialized hospital. Variables collected include patient and treatment characteristics, risk factors of AI, and adrenal function testing. Analysis included descriptive statistics such as incidence and bivariate analysis.ResultsThirty‐one patients were included and received a total of 33 courses of treatment (17 corticosteroids [prednisone/prednisolone], 12 adrenocorticotropic hormone, and four combined). Physiologic hydrocortisone replacement therapy with stress supplementation was received after 32 of 33 (97%) courses of treatment. Adrenal function was assessed in 32 of 33 (97%) and AI occurred in 25 of 33 (76%, 95% confidence interval = 58–89). No predictive factor of AI was identified after hormonal treatment. No drug regimen was found to be safe. The two patients who developed an acute adrenal crisis presented to the emergency room within the days (between 2 and 7) following weaning off of hormonal treatment. They were the youngest children of the cohort, and both received prednisolone.SignificanceAdrenal insufficiency is frequent and can potentially lead to an adrenal crisis in this population. This study highlights the necessity of hydrocortisone replacement therapy until AI has been excluded in a patient who has received hormonal therapy to treat infantile spasms. As such, routine laboratory assessment of adrenal function should be done in all patients.
Radial eco‐efficiency in the presence of weakly disposable undesirable outputs: Evaluating agricultural sectors
Authors: Afzalinejad Mohammad 
Published: June 2022

AbstractData envelopment analysis (DEA) is a popular technique for evaluating relative efficiency. In many real‐world applications, undesirable outputs must be considered, and evaluating eco‐efficiency instead of operational efficiency is demanded. Unfortunately, eco‐efficiency models in DEA are problematic, especially in variable returns‐to‐scale (VRS) and weak disposability conditions. In this paper, the shortcomings of the available models are discussed and a new method is proposed to provide a valid eco‐efficiency measurement. The proposed model is capable of assessing radial efficiency which is not straightforward in the presence of undesirable outputs. Weak disposability condition plays an important role in modelling undesirable outputs. The proposed model also offers a new formulation for weak disposability in VRS technology. Compared to conventional DEA models with a large number of decision making units evaluated as efficient, the performance scores in the proposed model are much more dispersed, leading to a deeper assessment. None of the operational and environmental efficiencies is overlooked by the new method. The proposed model is used to evaluate the eco‐efficiency of the agriculture sector in 62 countries. The results confirm that poverty and extreme weather have negative impacts on environmental efficiency.
ENDOGENOUS PROCYCLICAL LIQUIDITY, CAPITAL REALLOCATION, AND q
Authors: Cao Melanie , Shi Shouyong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCapital reallocation is procyclical and an economic boom has a cleansing effect by shifting the distribution of firms from low quality to high quality. We explain these facts by modeling search frictions for used capital in the business cycle. The article characterizes the stochastic equilibrium analytically to prove that the liquidity and the price of reallocated capital are procyclical endogenously. We calibrate the model and construct proxies in the data for the unemployment rate of capital and the time on the market. These two variables have a strong positive relationship in both the model and the data.
The role of social psychological factors in vulnerability to financial hardship
Authors: Warmath Dee , Elizabeth O'Connor Genevieve , Wong Nancy , Newmeyer Casey 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPrevious research attributes vulnerability to financial hardship either to structural inequities or to poor financial behavior. Less attention has been paid to the role of social psychological factors or to the relative contribution of demographics, behavior, and social psychology in understanding an individual's vulnerability to financial hardship. While studies have examined psychosocial factors in financial outcomes, we argue that these factors represent a missing perspective in the construction of interventions to lessen vulnerability. We further argue that a holistic perspective considering all three factors is needed to address vulnerability to financial hardship. Capitalizing on the richness of the CFPB National Financial Well‐Being Survey data (n = 6394), we examine the unique contribution of psychosocial factors in explaining an individual's financial vulnerability over and above demographics and behaviors. Using four different measures of financial hardship, we find that all three types of factors play important roles in understanding vulnerability to financial hardship. Our findings suggest that more holistic measures and interventions are needed to enhance consumer financial well‐being.
The centres and margins of transnational law: potential developments and methodological challenges
Authors: GRISEL FLORIAN 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis article challenges the dominant socio‐legal focus on the nation‐state by placing emphasis on its margins. Based on a review of the vibrant scholarship in the socio‐legal literature, the article sketches the features of social facts that can be found in the interstices of national legal systems and professions. Though these facts are marginalized from the perspective of these systems and professions, their role is no less real in the global arena, in whose centres they are situated. The study of these facts raises methodological questions that this article seeks to address. By attempting to shift the research focus from one object to another, in particular, the article casts light on methodological debates concerning the need to define research categories on a preliminary basis.
Managing equipment rentals: Unreliable fleet, impatient customers, and finite commitment capacity
Authors: Firouz Mohammad , Li Linda , Keskin Burcu B. 
Published: June 2022

In this paper, we discuss fleet size decisions of an equipment rental firm. The availability of the rental equipment depends on the fleet size of the firm and has a direct impact on its profitability. In our setting, we allow for partial backordering, reneging, and finite commitment capacity. Moreover, we explicitly consider the breakdown possibility of the available equipment fleet. We develop an efficient recursive algorithm to solve the underlying two‐dimensional stochastic single‐player model. Our algorithm determines the global optimal fleet size of the firm for the same reneging and equipment return rates. Our extensive managerial insights quantify the behavior of various performance measures in the single‐player model with regard to repair performance of the firm, customer impatience level, traffic intensity, and equipment rental revenue. We demonstrate that by applying our model to a real case, there is a potential of more than a 4% (400,000 USD) increase in total daily profits. Extending our model to a two‐player game, we propose an approximation heuristic to derive closed‐form solutions to estimate equilibrium fleet sizes under complete information. Using our heuristic as the initial solution, we develop a simulation model to determine the exact equilibrium fleet sizes and draw a detailed comparison between the two‐player and single‐player models.
The ore‐forming fluids characteristics of quartz‐vein type scheelite deposits in eastern Yanbian, NE China: Evidence from in situ LA‐ICP‐MS rare earth elements of Yangjingou and Sidaogou deposits
Authors: Li Jingmou , Ren Yunsheng , Hao Yujie , Zeng Qingdong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe quartz‐vein type scheelite deposits distributed in the Hunchun SN‐trending gold‐copper‐tungsten belt in eastern Yanbian, Jilin Province, are a group of recent discovery for the past decade. To determine properties of the ore‐forming fluids and the mineralization mechanism, in situ laser ablation‐inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS) rare earth elements (REE) analysis of the ore mineral scheelite was carried out for the selected Yangjingou and Sidaogou scheelite deposits in this metallogenic belt. The results showed that the substitution of REE3+ for Ca2+ in scheelite from the Yangjingou scheelite deposit can be accounted for the substitution mechanism: 3Ca2+ = 2REE3+ + □Ca (where □ is a site vacancy). It shows a slightly right‐dipped flat REE pattern with distinct positive Eu anomalies. The Sidaogou scheelite deposit, completes the substitution via the 2Ca2+ = REE3+ + Na+ and Ca2+ + W6+ = REE3+ + Nb5+ mechanisms. It shows left‐dipped REE pattern with relative enrichment of MREEs (mainly Dy) with negative Eu anomalies in the scheelite core and no or insignificant positive Eu anomalies in the scheelite rim. By comparing with the REE of granites which are close related to mineralization in the area, the ore‐forming fluids of these two scheelite deposits are determined to be mainly derived from magmatism. The inapparent correlation between EuN and Eu*N of the Yangjingou scheelite deposit and the high EuN/Eu*N values indicate that its ore‐forming fluids are reducing fluids. Its strong positive Eu anomalies are not entirely inherited from the mineralized tonalite, but is due to the release of Eu from the water‐rock reaction. The good correlation between EuN and Eu*N and the low EuN/Eu*N values in the Sidaogou scheelite deposit indicate that the ore‐forming fluids are oxidizing fluids. This may be caused by the mixing of the original magmatic fluid with a large amount of meteoric water. This study suggests that the water‐rock reaction is an important mineralization mechanism for the quartz vein‐type scheelite deposits in eastern Yanbian. In addition, fluid mixing is also important for the Sidaogou scheelite deposit. All these mechanisms influence the REE compositional characteristics of scheelite. The initial ore‐bearing fluids metasomatized the metamorphic rocks of Wudaogou Group, resulting in water‐rock reaction, and enriched ore‐forming materials such as Ca and W. As the ore‐forming fluids migrated upward along the NW‐trending structures, the escape of CO2 and CH4 caused by the tectonic decompression disrupted the physiochemical balance of the ore‐forming fluid system, catalyzed the combination of Ca2+ and WO42−, resulting in the precipitation and enrichment of the scheelite.
Cross-sectional online survey of the impact of new tobacco health warnings in Colombia
Authors: Adams Sally , Clavijo Arturo , Tamayo Ricardo , Maynard Olivia 
Published: June 2022

ObjectivesThis study aimed to explore the impact of a new set of six pictorial warnings introduced in 2018.Design and settingUsing a cross-sectional design, we examined awareness of the new warnings among Colombian smokers across two time points of data collection.ParticipantsAdult smokers (≥18 years of age), defined as having smoked at least 100 cigarettes in their lifetime and currently smoking at least one cigarette per week participated at time 1, prior to the introduction of the new health warnings in Colombia in 2018 (n=1985, 72% male), and at time 2, 12 months post introduction (n=1572, 69% male).Primary outcomesAt each time, we examined smokers’ responses to warnings on packs (negative affect, thinking about warning messages and cognitive elaboration), attitudes toward smoking (perceived likelihood and severity of harm, self-efficacy, response efficacy and quit intentions), knowledge of the health risks of smoking and responses to the new warnings (negative affect, believability, thinking about the harms, reactance and perceived message effectiveness).ResultsAwareness of the warnings was low, with only 59% of smokers reporting having seen them at time 2. Between times, we observed a reduction in negative affect toward current warnings (p<0.001), reduced thinking about (p<0.001) and cognitive elaboration of the warning message (p<0.001), and an increase in perceived severity of warnings (p<0.001). When asked about the six new health warnings, we found a reduction in negative affect (p<0.07), cognitions related to harm (p<0.01), believability (p<0.03), reactance (p<0.01) and perceived message effectiveness (p<0.02) between times.ConclusionsOur data indicate that effectiveness was low prior to the introduction of the new health warnings and at 12 months post introduction. Tobacco control policy should seek to improve exposure to and noticeability of tobacco health warnings in Colombia.
Examining anti-inflammatory therapies in the prevention of cardiovascular events: protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Boczar Kevin Emery , Shin Sheojung , Bezzina Kathryn A , Geejo Aishwarya , Pearson Alexander Liam , Shahab Saba , Fehlmann Christophe A , Visintini Sarah , Beanlands Rob , Wells George A 
Published: June 2022

IntroductionInflammation is emerging as an important risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and has been a recent target for many novel therapeutic agents. However, comparative evidence regarding efficacy of these anti-inflammatory treatment options is currently lacking.Methods and analysisThis systematic review will include randomised controlled trials evaluating the effect of anti-inflammatory agents on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with known cardiovascular disease. Studies will be retrieved from Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, as well as clinical trial registry websites, Europe PMC and conference abstract handsearching. No publication date or language restrictions will be imposed. Eligible interventions must have some component of anti-inflammatory agent. These include (but are not limited to): non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), colchicine, prednisone, methotrexate, canakinumab, pexelizumab, anakinra, succinobucol, losmapimod, inclacumab, atreleuton, LP-PLA2(darapladib) and sPLA2(varespladib). The primary outcomes will include major adverse cardiac events (MACE), and each individual component of MACE (myocardial infarction, stroke and cardiovascular death). Key secondary outcomes will include unstable angina, heart failure, all-cause mortality, cardiac arrest and revascularisation. Screening, inclusion, data extraction and quality assessment will be performed independently by two reviewers. Network meta-analysis based on the random effects model will be conducted to compare treatment effects both directly and indirectly. The quality of the evidence will be assessed with appropriate tools including the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation profiler or Confidence in Network Meta-Analysis tool.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval is not required for this systematic review. The findings will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022303289.
Endoscopy training through the COVID-19 pandemic: maintaining procedural volumes and key performance standards
Authors: Conlon Caroline , Campion John , Mehigan Farrelly Niamh , Ring Eabha , Dunne Talulla , Gorman Dora , Murphy Suzanne , Kelleher Barry , Stewart Stephen , Leyden Jan , Lahiff Conor 
Published: June 2022

ObjectiveEndoscopy departments have experienced considerable challenges in the provision of endoscopy services since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. Several studies have reported a reduction of procedures performed by trainee endoscopists during the pandemic. The aim of this study was to assess the impact on colonoscopy training and quality in an academic centre throughout successive waves of the pandemic.MethodsThis was a single-centre, retrospective, observational study comparing colonoscopies performed at a tertiary endoscopy centre in Ireland at different stages of the pandemic with those performed during a similar time frame prepandemic. Data were collected using electronic patient records. Primary outcomes were procedure volumes, adenoma detection rate and mean adenoma per procedure.ResultsIn the prepandemic period, 798 colonoscopies were performed. During the same period in 2020, 172 colonoscopies were performed. In 2021, during the third wave of the pandemic, 538 colonoscopies were performed. Percentages of colonoscopies performed by trainees were 46.0% (n=367) in 2019, 25.6% (n=44) in 2020 and 45.2% (n=243) in 2021. Adenoma detection rate was 21.3% in 2019, 38.6% in 2020 and 23.9% in 2021. Mean adenoma per procedure was 0.45 in 2019, 0.86 in 2020 and 0.49 in 2021. Caecal intubation rate was 90.74% in 2019, 90.9% in 2020 and 95.88% in 2021.ConclusionThe COVID-19 pandemic initially had a negative impact on overall colonoscopy volumes and training. Despite a reduction in procedural volume, key performance standards were maintained by trainees. Maintenance of hands-on training is essential to allow trainees achieve and retain competency in endoscopy.
Dreams/Cinema/Palestine: Unoccupied Spaces in The Dream and My Love Awaits Me by the Sea
Authors: Burris Greg 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This article explores the connections between dreams, cinema, and Palestine. Drawing upon the work of Ghassan Hage, the author argues that dreams and cinema should not be valued only for their connection to resistance and that these phenomena can sometimes reveal unoccupied spaces, even in occupied Palestine. The author then turns to two documentary films: Mohammad Malas’ The Dream (1987) and Mais Darwazah's My Love Awaits Me by the Sea (2013). Whereas the former film documents the dreams that haunt Palestinians at night, the latter investigates those dreams that follow them throughout the day. Through these dreams, both films stage an encounter with the unoccupied.
Photography Against Reproduction: Željko Jerman's My Year, 1977
Authors: Rounthwaite Adair 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
As a young artist active in socialist Zagreb in the 1970s, Željko Jerman subjected photographic prints and negatives to destructive techniques such as scratching, scribbling, and intentionally poor development. Jerman's work was heralded by curator Radoslav Putar as an attempt to “cross the boundaries and overcome the limitations of classical photography,” but also met with dismissal from less open-minded critics due to its rejection of traditional aesthetics. This article shows how through his destructive tactics, Jerman enacted a formal “death” of the photograph, while also taking death as a central philosophical and representational theme at the level of the image. His work ultimately rendered photographic development a performative act, which was intimately tied to his identity as an author and to questions about his own mortality. Via a close reading of Jerman's magnus opus My Year, 1977, the essay moreover demonstrates how he didn't dispense with notions of beauty but rather resituated them relative to questions about desire, masculinity, and the fallibility of artistic authorship. Closely connected to the New Art Practice yet more romantic and introspective in its mentality, Jerman's art adds important nuance to understandings of the role of images for Yugoslavia's famous conceptual generation.
The Notebook
Authors: García Dora 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This short text is structured in two parts. The first one defines a significant part of my artistic practice as finding a way to represent thought, to transmit the action of thinking, this being done by means of short notes, diagrams, drawings, and sketches in a notebook. The second part defends an idea of art as accessible and necessary for everyone, pedagogical not in the sense that it “should” transmit knowledge but in the sense that it constructs a society where learning is pleasure.
Learning on the Run: From Psycho-Modernism to Fugitive Sociality
Authors: Ridlen Tim 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Two exhibition and research projects, Creativity Exercises and Back to the Sandbox, are united by the history of reform pedagogy, Friederich Fröbel, and the legacy of the Bauhaus. The books related to the projects explore didactic and participatory art, questioning how to teach art, how to reform or radicalize education, and what participatory art practices share with pedagogy. The centerpiece of the first project is the work of Miklós Erdély and Dora Maurer, specifically the classes they organized at the Ganz-MAVAG factory in Budapest from 1975–1977. Although framed as part of an international turn toward creativity research during the cold war, a framing that crosses any East/West divide, the workshops and related projects reveal an interest in the psychology of creativity, focusing on the social subjects produced as Bauhaus-style education turned inside out. The second publication uses the sandbox as an object lesson and figure of thought to learn from the past of reform education while looking to the future. Although both projects highlight the contradictions and constraints of pedagogy, they succeed where they provide direction for the work of learning and leave the question of education's paradoxes behind.