bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adolescents' longitudinal trajectories of mental health and loneliness: The impact of COVID‐19 school closures
Authors: Houghton Stephen , Kyron Michael , Hunter Simon C. , Lawrence David , Hattie John , Carroll Annemaree , Zadow Corinne 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionLongitudinal research examining the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) school closures on the mental health of adolescents is scarce. Prolonged periods of physical and social isolation because of such restrictions may have impacted heavily on adolescents’ mental health and loneliness.MethodsThe current study addresses a major gap by examining the impact of school closures on the mental health and loneliness of 785, 10‐ to 17‐year‐old Western Australian adolescents (mean age = 14.1, SD = 1.31), who were surveyed across four time points: twice before COVID‐19, once as schools closed, and once post reopening of schools. Pre‐ and post‐COVID‐19 changes in mental health and loneliness were compared using linear mixed models. Random intercept cross‐lagged panel models (RI‐CLPMs) assessed temporal associations between loneliness, depression symptoms, and positive mental wellbeing.ResultsCompared with pre‐COVID‐19 symptom levels, there were significant increases in depression symptoms, internalizing and externalizing symptoms, and a significant decrease in positive mental wellbeing at different points over time. Symptom change over time differed according to gender and pre‐COVID‐19 symptom severity. Significant increases in positive attitudes towards being alone and feelings of isolation occurred at different points over time. Gender differences were evident. RI‐CLPMs highlighted the predictive significance of friendship quality and having a negative attitude towards being alone over time in relation to depression symptoms. A positive or negative attitude towards being alone was predictive of positive mental wellbeing over time.ConclusionFindings provide evidence that COVID‐19‐related school closures adversely affected adolescents' mental health and feelings of loneliness.
Perceived parental warmth, emotional awareness, and positive adjustment profiles in Chinese and Italian early adolescents: A person‐centered approach
Authors: Lan Xiaoyu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionAlthough previous research has documented wide cross‐cultural variations in early adolescents'; adjustment problems, less is known about positive outcomes and their contextual and individual correlates among youth from societies emphasizing cultural values of independence/individualism and interdependence/collectivism. The current study used a person‐centered approach to explore positive adjustment profiles among Chinese (n = 115, 54.8% girls) and Italian (n = 115, 57.4% girls) early adolescents aged between 10 and 13 years, and examined whether perceived parental warmth and emotional awareness were independently or interactively associated with such profiles in the two cultural groups.MethodsParticipants completed self‐report measures of psychosocial adjustment and perceived parental warmth, and responded to a series of structured vignettes assessing emotional awareness.ResultsLatent profile analysis revealed three profiles: “academically competent,” “socially accepted,” and “well‐adapted.” Chinese adolescents were overrepresented in the academically competent and well‐adapted profiles, whilst Italian adolescents were overrepresented in the socially accepted profile. Results of multinomial regression analysis indicated that youth reporting higher parental warmth and more emotional awareness were more likely to be members of the well‐adapted profile. Furthermore, culturally specific associations were found. For instance, the positive link between parental warmth and the well‐adapted profile was significant at high levels of emotional awareness in the Chinese group, and at low‐to‐medium levels of this variable in the Italian group.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that youth's positive adjustment profiles reflect broader societal expectations and that the beneficial effect of parental warmth on such outcomes varies as a function of both emotional competence and cultural background.
Testing socioeconomic status and family socialization hypotheses of alcohol use in young people: A causal mediation analysis
Authors: Foxcroft David R. , Howcutt Sarah J. , Matley Fiona , Taylor Bunce Louise , Davies Emma L. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe effect of socioeconomic status on adolescent substance abuse may be mediated by family socialization practices. However, traditional mediation analysis using a product or difference method is susceptible to bias when assumptions are not addressed. We aimed to use a potential outcomes framework to assess assumptions of exposure‐mediator interaction and of no confounding of the results.MethodWe revisited a traditional mediation analysis with a multiple mediator causal mediation approach using data from 17,761 Norwegian young people (13–18 years), 51% female. Data were collected through a print questionnaire. Socioeconomic status was operationalized as parental education and employment status (employed or receiving welfare); drinking behavior as the frequency of alcohol consumption and frequency of intoxication in the past year; and socialization practices as general parenting measures, alcohol‐related parental permissiveness, and parent drinking behavior.ResultsThere was no consistent evidence of exposure‐mediator interaction. Formal sensitivity analysis of mediator‐outcome confounding was not possible in the multiple mediator model, and this analysis supported the hypothesis that socioeconomic status effects on adolescent substance abuse are fully mediated by family socialization practices, with apparently stronger effects in younger age groups observed in plots.ConclusionWe found that the effect of socioeconomic status on adolescent substance abuse was fully mediated by family socialization practices. While our analysis provides more rigorous support for causal inferences than past work, we could not completely rule out the possibility of unmeasured confounding.
Study on the value of small dense low‐density lipoprotein in predicting cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events in the high‐risk stroke population
Authors: Shi Hanlu , Guo Jianwei , Xu Ke , Zhang Fujie , Zhou Yonglie 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundLipid management in people at high risk of stroke is an important measurement to prevent the occurrence of stroke. The study aims to investigate the association between sdLDL and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events in high‐risk stroke populations.MethodsThis was a prospective study. Screened from 15,933 individuals aged >40 years in April 2013 and followed up at 3rd, 6th, 12th, and 24th months, 823 participants met the screening criteria and were investigated for clinical data and biochemical parameters.ResultsA total of 286 subjects had varying degrees of carotid stenosis, and 18 subjects experienced cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events during the two‐year follow‐up period. There was no positive correlation between sdLDL and carotid stenosis. Carotid stenosis and extent of carotid stenosis involvement did not predict cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events in patients with high‐risk stroke, while sdLDL did. The sdLDL level in the events group was significantly higher than those in the no event group (p = 0.002). In the events group, the risk of events in the fourth quartile of sdLDL was 10.136 times higher than in the first quartile (HR = 10.136, 95% CI: 1.298–79.180, p = 0.027).ConclusionssdLDL was positively correlated with the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, which can predict the occurrence of an event and provide a scientific basis for early prevention.
Diagnostic failures in ovarian torsion during childhood: The effect of ovarian cyst size on the diagnostic accuracy of Doppler ultrasonography
Authors: Ulusoy Oktay , Karakuş Osman Zeki , Ateş Oğuz , Hakgüder Gülce , Olguner Mustafa , Akgür Feza Miraç 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPurposeTo determine the diagnostic accuracy of Doppler ultrasonography (US) in pediatric ovarian torsion (OT) and the effect of ovarian cyst size on the effectiveness of Doppler US in pediatric OT.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed of the data of 84 patients (4–17 years) operated with the preliminary diagnosis of OT from January 2007 to December 2019. Patients' demographic characteristics, clinical signs and symptoms, laboratory and radiologic findings, operative management, histopathological results, and postoperative complications were recorded.ResultsOT was surgically confirmed in 53 (63%) patients. In 30 patients without ovarian cyst, Doppler US suggested OT in 16 out of 22 patients with surgically confirmed OT. In 12 patients with ovarian cysts <5 cm, Doppler US suggested OT in 7 out of 8 patients with surgically confirmed OT. In 42 patients with ovarian cysts ≥5 cm, Doppler US suggested OT in 13 out of 23 patients with surgically confirmed OT. Accuracy of Doppler US in these groups were found to be 73%, 83%, and 47%, respectively.ConclusionGray scale and Doppler US have better performance in patients without ovarian cysts and with cysts smaller than 5 cm and help improve the diagnosis of OT. In patients with ovarian cyst ≥5 cm, accuracy of Doppler US is low. Thus, in the presence of ovarian cyst ≥5 cm and the clinical findings compatible with OT, laparoscopy must be strongly considered.
Withdrawn: Parenteral Nutrition in a GLUT1DS Patient Following Classic Ketogenic Diet: Ideal versus Real‐World Management in an Acute Surgical Setting
Authors: Varesio Costanza , Ferraris Cinzia , Gentilino Valerio , Brena Mario Leo , Farris Giorgio , Guglielmetti Monica , Marazzi Claudia , Pasca Ludovica 
Published: March 2022

Withdrawal: C Varesio et al., Parenteral Nutrition in a GLUT1DS Patient Following Classic Ketogenic Diet: Ideal versus Real‐World Management in an Acute Surgical Setting, Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition 2022 (https://doi.org/10.1002/jpen.2361).The above article, published online on March 1st, 2022 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been withdrawn by agreement between the journal Editor‐in‐Chief, Kelly A. Tappenden, PhD, RD, FASPEN, and Wiley Periodicals LLC. The article was published as the result of an administrative error.
Association between enrollment in an enhanced recovery program for colorectal cancer surgery and long‐term recurrence and survival
Authors: Zorrilla‐Vaca Andres , Ripolles‐Melchor Javier , Abad‐Motos Ane , Mingu Inés Rubiera , Moreno‐Jurado Nekane , Martínez‐Durán Fátima , Pérez‐Martínez Isabel , Abad‐Gurumeta Alfredo , FuenMayor‐Varela María L. , Mena Gabriel E. , Grant Michael C. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionEnhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) programs have been shown to minimize the surgical inflammatory response in colorectal cancer. Our objective was to determine the association between an ERAS program for colorectal cancer surgery and oncologic recurrence and survival.MethodsA before‐after intervention study was designed, including patients who underwent colorectal cancer surgery between November 2010 and March 2016. Cox hazard regression analysis was performed per cumulative year of follow‐up to evaluate the association between ERAS program exposure and overall survival. Subgroup analysis was performed by cancer stage (low [I/II] vs. advanced [III/IV]).ResultsIn total, 646 patients were included, of which 339 were pre‐ERAS and 307 were ERAS. Our overall median compliance rate with ERAS interventions was 90% (interquartile range: 85%–95%). Overall survival rates were higher in the ERAS group within the first 2 years after surgery (89.2% vs. 83.2%; p = 0.04). Multivariable analysis revealed that the ERAS enrollment was associated with a significantly lower risk in 5‐year oncologic recurrence (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 0.55; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.33–0.94; p = 0.03) and higher 3‐year survival (aHR: 0.55; 95% CI: 0.33–0.93; p = 0.03) among patients with advanced cancer stage compared to pre‐ERAS counterparts.ConclusionsPatients with advanced colorectal cancer were less likely to suffer oncologic recurrence when managed during the ERAS period.
A separate assay of released and liposomal encapsulated eribulin in dog plasma by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry for its application to a pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Mano Yuji 
Published: March 2022

Eribulin has been used as a drug for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer and liposomal formulation of eribulin is under development to achieve a wider therapeutic index. It is important to separately determine released and encapsulated drugs in systemic circulation for liposomal drugs. In this study, a separate assay method was developed for the determination of released and total (encapsulated + released) eribulin concentrations in dog plasma by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. The released eribulin in dog plasma was separated by ultrafiltration of plasma samples. Obtained plasma ultrafiltrate and untreated plasma samples recognized as released and total eribulin, respectively, were subjected to protein precipitation for extraction of eribulin. Eribulin was quantifiable from 0.1 ng/mL. Accuracy and precision of eribulin in both matrices were within ± 15 and 15%, respectively, indicating a robust assay. Released and total eribulin concentrations in plasma were determined after intravenous administration of the liposomal formulation of eribulin to dogs, resulting in minimal released eribulin in plasma. In conclusion, a robust method for released and total eribulin levels in dog plasma was developed and was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study in dogs to characterize the pharmacokinetic profiles.
Multifunctional Virus Manipulation with Large‐Scale Arrays of All‐Dielectric Resonant Nanocavities
Authors: Shi Yuzhi , Wu Yongfeng , Chin Lip Ket , Li Zhenyu , Liu Jingquan , Chen Mu Ku , Wang Shubo , Zhang Yi , Liu Patricia Yang , Zhou Xiaohong , Cai Hong , Jin Wanzhen , Yu Yefeng , Yu Ruozhen , Huang Wei , Yap Peng Huat , Xiao Limin , Ser Wee , Nguyen Thi Thanh Binh , Lin Yu‐Tsung , Wu Pin Chieh , Liao Jiayan , Wang Fan , Chan C. T. , Kivshar Yuri , Tsai Din Ping , Liu Ai Qun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSpatial manipulation of a precise number of viruses for host cell infection is essential for the extensive studies of virus pathogenesis and evolution. Albeit optical tweezers have been advanced to the atomic level via optical cooling, it is still challenging to efficiently trap and manipulate arbitrary number of viruses in an aqueous environment, being restricted by insufficient strength of optical forces and a lack of multifunctional spatial manipulation techniques. Here, by employing the virus hopping and flexibility of moving the laser position, multifunctional virus manipulation with a large trapping area is demonstrated, enabling single or massive (a large quantity of) virus transporting, positioning, patterning, sorting, and concentrating. The enhanced optical forces are produced by the confinement of light in engineered arrays of nanocavities by fine tuning of the interference resonances, and this approach allows trapping and moving viruses down to 40 nm in size. The work paves the way to efficient and precise manipulation of either single or massive groups of viruses, opening a wide range of novel opportunities for virus pathogenesis and inhibitor development at the single‐virus level.
Impact of pixel value truncation on image quality of low dose chest CT
Authors: Hasegawa Akira , Ishihara Toshihiro , Pan Tinsu , Ropp Alan M. , Winkler Michael , Sneider Michael B. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPurposeIn some noisy low dose CT lung cancer screening images, we noticed that the CT density values of air were increased and the visibility of emphysema was distinctly decreased. By examining histograms of these images, we found that the CT density values were truncated at −1024 HU. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of pixel value truncation on the visibility of emphysema using mathematical models.Methods and materialsAssuming CT noise follows a normal distribution, we derived the relationship between the mean CT density value and the standard deviation (SD) when the pixel values below −1024 HU are truncated and replaced by −1024 HU. To validate our mathematical model, 20 untruncated phantom CT images were truncated by simulation, and the mean CT density values and SD of air in the images were measured and compared with the theoretical values. In addition, the mean CT density values and SD of air were measured in 100 cases of real clinical images obtained by GE, Siemens, and Philips scanners, respectively, and the agreement with the theoretical values was examined. Next, the contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) between air (−1000 HU) and lung parenchyma (−850 HU) was derived from the mathematical model in the presence and absence of truncation as a measure of the visibility of emphysema. In addition, the radiation dose ratios required to obtain the same CNR in the case with and without truncation were also calculated.ResultsThe mathematical model revealed that when the pixel values are truncated, the mean CT density values are proportional to the noise magnitude when the magnitude exceeds a certain level. The mean CT density values and SD measured in the images with pixel values truncated by simulation and in the real clinical images acquired by GE and Philips scanners agreed well with the theoretical values from our mathematical model. In the Siemens images, the measured and theoretical values agreed well when a portion of the truncated values were replaced by random values instead of simply replacing by −1024 HU. The CNR of air and lung parenchyma was lowered by truncating CT density values compared to that of no truncation. Furthermore, it was found that higher radiation dose was required to obtain the same CNR with truncation as without. As an example, when the noise SD was 60 HU, the radiation dose required for the GE and Philips truncation method was about 1.2 times higher than that without truncation, and that for the Siemens truncation method was about 1.4 times higher.ConclusionsIt was demonstrated mathematically that pixel value truncation causes a brightening of the mean CT density value and decreases the CNR of emphysema. Our results indicate that it is advisable to turn off truncation at −1024 HU, especially when scanning at low and ultra‐low radiation doses in the thorax.
Low risk for microbial contamination of syringe and tube feeding bag surfaces after multiple reuses with home blenderized tube feeding
Authors: Milton Debra , Murphy Brie , Johnson Teresa W. , Carter Holly , Spurlock Amy Y. , Hussey Jenna , Johnson Kelly 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundGuidelines for the reuse of enteral tube feeding (ETF) equipment guidelines are limited to manufacturer recommendations. ETF equipment reuse studies are needed as the enteral population has increased, along with blenderized tube feeding (BTF).MethodsThis experiment tested microbial contamination of a reusable gravity feeding bag and syringe after 15 BTF reuses and cleanings. Eight bags and syringes were filled with the BTF, held at room temperature for 20 min, and then emptied, washed, and air dried. After the last air drying, the inner surfaces of the bag and syringe were swabbed, and aerobic microbial counts were performed using serial dilutions and plate counts.ResultsThe microbial counts for all syringes and six bags were <1 colony‐forming unit (CFU)/cm2; one bag was <5 CFU/cm2 and one bag was 12.5 CFU/cm2. No legal guidelines for surface cleanliness exist for the food sector. Several studies propose a safe microbial level to be <2.5 CFU/cm2, and the European Commission recommended <10 CFU/cm2. Based on these proposed guidelines, microbial counts of all syringes and seven bags were within the proposed guidelines, except for one bag just above 10 CFU/cm2.ConclusionThe feeding bag used in this study may be used multiple times for BTF with a reduced risk of microbial contamination when manufacturer's cleaning guidelines are followed. Although bolus tube feeding is an off‐label use for syringes, they are frequently used for BTF, and in this study the cleaning after 15 uses over 5 days was effective to reduce microbial counts.
Kaempferol exerts a neuroprotective effect to reduce neuropathic pain throughTLR4/NF‐ĸBsignaling pathway
Authors: Chang Shiquan , Li Xin , Zheng Yachun , Shi Huimei , Zhang Di , Jing Bei , Chen Zhenni , Qian Guoqiang , Zhao Guoping 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSwitching microglial polarization from the M1 to M2 phenotype is a promising therapeutic strategy for neuropathic pain (NP). Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) is activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Uncontrolled activation of TLR4 has been proven to trigger chronic inflammation. Kaempferol, a dietary flavonoid, is known to have anti‐inflammatory properties. This study is aimed to investigate the analgesic and anti‐inflammatory effects and the underlying mechanisms of kaempferol, which were explored with an NP model in vivo and LPS‐induced injury in microglial BV2 cells in vitro. The levels of proinflammatory cytokines were evaluated. H&E staining and immunohistochemistry were used to assess the sciatic nerve condition after chronic constriction injury surgery. Western blotting and immunofluorescence were used to determine whether TLR4/NF‐ĸB signaling pathway plays a major role in kaempferol‐mediated alleviation of neuroinflammation. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometry were used to examine the modulator effect of kaempferol on microglial M1/M2 polarization. We found that kaempferol treatment can significantly reduce NP and proinflammatory cytokine production. Kaempferol attenuated the activation of TLR4/NF‐κB pathways in LPS‐activated BV2 cells. The analgesic effects of kaempferol on NP may be due to inhibition of microglia activation and switching the M1 to M2 phenotype.
Effects of alpha lipoic acid on metabolic syndrome: A comprehensive review
Authors: Najafi Nahid , Mehri Soghra , Ghasemzadeh Rahbardar Mahboobeh , Hosseinzadeh Hossein 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMetabolic syndrome (MetS) is a multifactorial disease with medical conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, obesity, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance. Alpha‐lipoic acid (α‐LA) possesses various pharmacological effects, including antidiabetic, antiobesity, hypotensive, and hypolipidemia actions. It exhibits reactive oxygen species scavenger properties against oxidation and age‐related inflammation and refines MetS components. Also, α‐LA activates the 5′ adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase and inhibits the NFκb. It can decrease cholesterol biosynthesis, fatty acid β‐oxidation, and vascular stiffness. α‐LA decreases lipogenesis, cholesterol biosynthesis, low‐density lipoprotein and very low‐density lipoprotein levels, and atherosclerosis. Moreover, α‐LA increases insulin secretion, glucose transport, and insulin sensitivity. These changes occur via PI3K/Akt activation. On the other hand, α‐LA treats central obesity by increasing adiponectin levels and mitochondrial biogenesis and can reduce food intake mainly by SIRT1 stimulation. In this review, the most relevant articles have been discussed to determine the effects of α‐LA on different components of MetS with a special focus on different molecular mechanisms behind these effects. This review exhibits the potential properties of α‐LA in managing MetS; however, high‐quality studies are needed to confirm the clinical efficacy of α‐LA.