bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in drusen‐associated autofluorescence over time observed by fluorescence lifetime imaging ophthalmoscopy in age‐related macular degeneration
Authors: Schwanengel Linda‐Sophia , Weber Sebastian , Simon Rowena , Lehmann Thomas , Augsten Regine , Meller Daniel , Hammer Martin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPurposeTo observe fundus autofluorescence (FAF) lifetimes and peak emission wavelength (PEW) of drusen with respect to the pathology of the overlying RPE in the follow‐up of AMD‐patients.MethodsForty eyes of 38 patients (age: 75.1 ± 7.1 years) with intermediate AMD were included. FAF lifetimes and PEW were recorded by fluorescence lifetime imaging ophthalmoscopy (FLIO). Twenty‐six eyes had a follow‐up investigation between months 12 and 36, and 10 at months 37–72. AMD progression was retrieved from color fundus photography (CFP) and OCT. Drusen were classified with respect to changes in the overlying RPE into groups no, questionable or faint, and apparent hyperpigmentation based on CFP.ResultsAmong the 210 hyperautofluorescent drusen found at baseline, those with hyperpigmentation had longer lifetimes and shorter PEW than those without. Drusen without hyperpigmentation had shorter lifetimes and PEW than neighboring RPE (all p < 0.001) at baseline, but drusen lifetimes increased, and PEW shortened further over follow‐up. Eyes, showing AMD progression, had significantly longer FAF lifetimes at baseline than non‐progressing eyes: 282 ± 102 ps versus 245 ± 98 ps, p < 0.001 and 365 ± 44 ps vs. 336 ± 48 ps, p = 0.025 for short and long wavelength FLIO channel, respectively.ConclusionsDepending on hyperpigmentation properties, drusen show lifetimes and PEW different from that of adjacent RPE which change over the natural history of AMD. This difference and change, however, might reflect progressive dysmorphia of the RPE rather than representing fluorescence of drusen material itself. Nevertheless, the observed FAF changes could make FLIO a useful tool for the early detection of AMD progression risk.
Frequently acquired drugs in neonatal intensive care and their physical compatibility
Authors: Nezvalova‐Henriksen Katerina , Holm Tone Huseby , Nilsson Niklas , Kjønniksen Inge , Tho Ingunn 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimIncompatibility of intravenous drugs is dangerous and therefore undesirable. The aim of this study was to identify the most commonly acquired intravenous drugs in five neonatal intensive care units and test these for compatibility.MethodsThe most frequently acquired drugs in five key hospitals in the South‐Eastern district of Norway for 2019 and 2020 served as a proxy for the prevalence of use. Representatives were selected from the three most prevalent groups based on the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification system. Co‐administration of drug pairs was simulated using clinically relevant concentrations and infusion rates representing mixing ratios in the catheter. Particle formation was assessed by particle counting and size measurement, by visual examination using Tyndall beam, by turbidity and by measuring pH of mixed samples.ResultsThe most frequently acquired drug groups were anti‐infectives, neurological agents and cardiovascular drugs. Compatibility testing revealed that both ampicillin and benzylpenicillin were incompatible with morphine. Flecainide and fluconazole showed no signs of incompatibility with morphine. No information on these combinations in a neonatal‐relevant setting is available.ConclusionWe recommend to abstain from co‐administering ampicillin and benzylpenicillin with morphine in neonatal intensive settings. Morphine co‐administered with flecainide and fluconazole in neonatal patients were evaluated as safe.
Staff perceptions and challenges of the single‐family room design—Experience of a greenfield level4 neonatal intensive care unit in the Middle East
Authors: Soni Roopali , Fairhurst Natalie , El Anbari Mohammed , Leslie Ana , Tscherning Wel‐Wel Charlotte 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimThis study was undertaken to specifically identify challenges associated with the popular single‐family room (SFR) design in our new neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), so as to reap the full benefits of this architectural model.MethodsA survey was sent to all 223, newly recruited staff on our NICU. Questions explored staff perceptions of family experience, safety and staff's experience of the SFR in comparison with the open bay model.ResultsWe obtained a response rate of 66%. Most staff perceived SFR as having a positive impact on communication with families, privacy, feasibility for skin‐to‐skin contact, reduction in noise levels and family access to their baby. There were however concerns raised about patient safety and isolation of staff and families in the SFR architecture. Lack of opportunities to leave the patient room for breaks and increased physical demands were highlighted. Staff also felt physically and emotionally less well supported.ConclusionWhilst the SFR configuration was felt to be beneficial for infants and families, staff shared their perceived concerns regarding infant safety and isolation and staff satisfaction, and implied modifications to workflows. The survey findings resulted in re‐organisation of our staff numbers and communication systems and further facilitation of parent interactions in order to optimise benefits of SFR design.
Joint Inference for Competing Risks Data Using Multiple Endpoints
Authors: Wen Jiyang , Hu Chen , Wang Mei-Cheng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCompeting risks data are commonly encountered in randomized clinical trials and observational studies. This paper considers the situation where the ending statuses of competing events have different clinical interpretations and/or are of simultaneous interest. In clinical trials, often more than one competing event has meaningful clinical interpretations even though the trial effects of different events could be different or even opposite to each other. In this paper, we develop estimation procedures and inferential properties for the joint use of multiple cumulative incidence functions (CIFs). Additionally, by incorporating longitudinal marker information, we develop estimation and inference procedures for weighted CIFs and related metrics. The proposed methods are applied to a COVID-19 in-patient treatment clinical trial, where the outcomes of COVID-19 hospitalization are either death or discharge from the hospital, two competing events with completely different clinical implications.
Perspectives on cultural competency and race concordance from perinatal patients and community‐based doulas
Authors: Falade Ebunoluwa , Cornely Ronald M. , Ezekwesili Caroline , Musabeyezu Juliet , Amutah‐Onukagha Ndidiamaka , Ferguson Tajh , Gebel Christina , Peprah‐Wilson Sayida , Larson Elysia 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundAs awareness of perinatal health disparities grows, many birthing people of color are seeking racially and/or culturally concordant providers. We described preferences for, and perceptions of, racial and/or cultural concordance and cultural competence in the context of the doula–client relationship.MethodsSeven focus group discussions (FGDs) with a total of 27 participants were conducted to investigate the perspectives of patients and doulas across Massachusetts, United States. An interdisciplinary stakeholder group informed the data collection instrument content and design. Two coders achieved 0.89 Kappa for inter‐rater reliability prior to coding the remaining transcripts. We used a modified grounded theory approach and Dedoose software for coding.ResultsTwo major themes emerged. First, cultural competency in doula care is a learning process, with definitions consistent with terms such as “cultural humility” and “structural competency.” Doulas discussed listening to clients' needs rather than making assumptions, the importance of understanding privilege and power dynamics, and self‐initiating relevant education beyond formal doula training. Second, trust was most frequently cited as an indicator of successful doula–patient relationships.ConclusionsMost study participants specified the importance of cultural humility in doula–client relationships. Doulas approaching the relationship humbly with a willingness to learn and challenge their own assumptions—regardless of the level of concordance—can make a meaningful impact on the perinatal experience.
Obinutuzumab as consolidation after chemo‐immunotherapy: Results of the UK National Cancer Research Institute phase II/III GALACTIC trial
Authors: Munir Talha , Emmerson Jake , Hockaday Anna , Oughton Jamie B. , Howard Dena , Phillips David , Neilson Jeff , Pemberton Nicholas , Paneesha Shankara , Kennedy Ben , Rawstron Andy , Hillmen Peter 
Published: August 2022

SummaryThe GA101 (obinutuzumab) monocLonal Antibody as Consolidation Therapy In chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) (GALACTIC) was a seamless phase II/III trial designed to test whether consolidation with obinutuzumab is safe and eradicates minimal residual disease (MRD) and, subsequently, whether this leads to prolonged progression‐free survival (PFS) in patients with CLL who have recently responded to chemo‐immunotherapy. Patients with a response 3–24 months after chemotherapy were assessed for MRD. MRD‐positive patients were randomised to receive consolidation therapy with obinutuzumab or no consolidation. The trial closed after the phase II part due to slow recruitment. In all, 48 patients enrolled of whom 19 were MRD negative and were monitored. Of the 29 MRD‐positive patients, 14 were randomised to receive consolidation and 15 to no consolidation. At 6 months after randomisation, 10 and 13 consolidated patients achieved MRD negativity by flow cytometry (sensitivity 10−4) in bone marrow and peripheral blood respectively. PFS was significantly better in consolidated patients compared to non‐consolidated patients (p = 0.001). No difference was observed in PFS, overall survival or duration of MRD negativity when comparing the 10 MRD‐negative patients after consolidation with the 19 MRD‐negative patients in the monitoring group. Common adverse events in the consolidation arm were thrombocytopenia, infection, and cough. Only 1% of events were infusion‐related reactions. This observation provides further evidence that consolidation to achieve MRD negativity improves outcomes in CLL and that obinutuzumab is well tolerated in patients with low levels of disease.
Can metabolic traits explain animal community assembly and functioning?
Authors: Brandl Simon J. , Lefcheck Jonathan S. , Bates Amanda E. , Rasher Douglas B. , Norin Tommy 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTAll animals on Earth compete for free energy, which is acquired, assimilated, and ultimately allocated to growth and reproduction. Competition is strongest within communities of sympatric, ecologically similar animals of roughly equal size (i.e. horizontal communities), which are often the focus of traditional community ecology. The replacement of taxonomic identities with functional traits has improved our ability to decipher the ecological dynamics that govern the assembly and functioning of animal communities. Yet, the use of low‐resolution and taxonomically idiosyncratic traits in animals may have hampered progress to date. An animal's metabolic rate (MR) determines the costs of basic organismal processes and activities, thus linking major aspects of the multifaceted constructs of ecological niches (where, when, and how energy is obtained) and ecological fitness (how much energy is accumulated and passed on to future generations). We review evidence from organismal physiology to large‐scale analyses across the tree of life to propose that MR gives rise to a group of meaningful functional traits – resting metabolic rate (RMR), maximum metabolic rate (MMR), and aerobic scope (AS) – that may permit an improved quantification of the energetic basis of species coexistence and, ultimately, the assembly and functioning of animal communities. Specifically, metabolic traits integrate across a variety of typical trait proxies for energy acquisition and allocation in animals (e.g. body size, diet, mobility, life history, habitat use), to yield a smaller suite of continuous quantities that: (1) can be precisely measured for individuals in a standardized fashion; and (2) apply to all animals regardless of their body plan, habitat, or taxonomic affiliation. While integrating metabolic traits into animal community ecology is neither a panacea to disentangling the nuanced effects of biological differences on animal community structure and functioning, nor without challenges, a small number of studies across different taxa suggest that MR may serve as a useful proxy for the energetic basis of competition in animals. Thus, the application of MR traits for animal communities can lead to a more general understanding of community assembly and functioning, enhance our ability to trace eco‐evolutionary dynamics from genotypes to phenotypes (and vice versa), and help predict the responses of animal communities to environmental change. While trait‐based ecology has improved our knowledge of animal communities to date, a more explicit energetic lens via the integration of metabolic traits may further strengthen the existing framework.
Overcoming barriers to Indigenous‐local water sharing agreements in Canada
Authors: Huo Cynthia , Charbonneau Philip , Alcantara Christopher 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAlthough water sharing agreements have emerged as an important tool for improving First Nations water security in Canada, some communities are reluctant to sign them. In this article, we review the concerns raised by First Nations leaders and examine the extent to which existing water sharing agreements include provisions that might mitigate their concerns. To do so, we analyze the contents of 40 water agreements between First Nations and local communities in Canada and find that while many agreements do include provisions that seem to mitigate First Nations concerns, some concerns are left unaddressed or are inadequately addressed.
Enjoyment of Chinese and mathematics and school performance in Chinese children and adolescents
Authors: Chen Xinyin , Zhou Jiaxi , Li Dan , Liu Junsheng , Dai Yan , Zhou Tong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis 2‐year longitudinal study examined relations between enjoyment of learning in Chinese and mathematics, two major subjects in Chinese schools, and indexes of school performance. The participants included 1041 students (501 boys) initially in third, fifth, and seventh grades (mean age = 10.49 years) in China. Data on enjoyment of Chinese and mathematics were collected from students' self‐reports and data on school performance were collected from multiple sources in 2017 and 2019. The results showed that enjoyment of mathematics positively predicted later academic achievement, self‐perceptions of academic competence, teacher‐rated school competence, and peer‐assessed leadership‐social competence. Enjoyment of Chinese negatively predicted later mathematics achievement and self‐perceptions of academic competence and nonsignificantly predicted other school performance variables. The results were discussed in Chinese context.
Low‐concentration atropine eyedrops for myopia control in a multi‐racial cohort of Australian children: A randomised clinical trial
Authors: Lee Samantha Sze‐Yee , Lingham Gareth , Blaszkowska Magdalena , Sanfilippo Paul G. , Koay Adrian , Franchina Maria , Chia Audrey , Loughman James , Flitcroft Daniel Ian , Hammond Christopher J. , Azuara‐Blanco Augusto , Crewe Julie M. , Clark Antony , Mackey David A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundTo test the hypothesis that 0.01% atropine eyedrops are a safe and effective myopia‐control approach in Australian children.MethodsChildren (6–16 years; 49% Europeans, 18% East Asian, 22% South Asian, and 12% other/mixed ancestry) with documented myopia progression were enrolled into this single‐centre randomised, parallel, double‐masked, placebo‐controlled trial and randomised to receive 0.01% atropine (n = 104) or placebo (n = 49) eyedrops (2:1 ratio) instilled nightly over 24 months (mean index age = 12.2 ± 2.5 and 11.2 ± 2.8 years, respectively). Outcome measures were the changes in spherical equivalent (SE) and axial length (AL) from baseline.ResultsAt 12 months, the mean SE and AL change from baseline were −0.31D (95% confidence interval [CI] = −0.39 to −0.22) and 0.16 mm (95%CI = 0.13–0.20) in the atropine group and −0.53D (95%CI = −0.66 to −0.40) and 0.25 mm (95%CI = 0.20–0.30) in the placebo group (group difference p ≤ 0.01). At 24 months, the mean SE and AL change from baseline was −0.64D (95%CI = −0.73 to −0.56) and 0.34 mm (95%CI = 0.30–0.37) in the atropine group, and −0.78D (95%CI = −0.91 to −0.65) and 0.38 mm (95%CI = 0.33–0.43) in the placebo group. Group difference at 24 months was not statistically significant (p = 0.10). At 24 months, the atropine group had reduced accommodative amplitude and pupillary light response compared to the placebo group.ConclusionsIn Australian children, 0.01% atropine eyedrops were safe, well‐tolerated, and had a modest myopia‐control effect, although there was an apparent decrease in efficacy between 18 and 24 months, which is likely driven by a higher dropout rate in the placebo group.
Surface decontamination protocols for surgical treatment of peri‐implantitis: A systematic review with meta‐analysis
Authors: Baima Giacomo , Citterio Filippo , Romandini Mario , Romano Federica , Mariani Giulia Maria , Buduneli Nurcan , Aimetti Mario 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo answer the following PICO question: “In patients requiring surgical treatment of peri‐implantitis (P), is any implant surface decontamination protocol (I) superior to others (C) in terms of clinical and radiographic parameters (O)?”MethodsRandomized clinical trials (RCTs) comparing two or more decontamination protocols as part of the surgical treatment of peri‐implantitis were included. Two authors independently searched for eligible studies, screened titles and abstracts, did full‐text analysis, extracted data, and performed the risk‐of‐bias assessment. Whenever possible, results were summarized through random effects meta‐analyses.ResultsTwenty‐two manuscripts reporting on 16 RCTs were included, testing mechanical, chemical and physical decontamination protocols. All of them resulted in an improvement in clinical parameters; however, the superiority of specific protocols over others is mainly based on single RCTs. The use of titanium brushes and implantoplasty showed favorable results as single decontamination methods. Meta‐analyses indicated a lack of added effect of Er:Yag laser on probing pocket depth (PPD) reduction (n = 2, WMD = −0.24 mm, 95% confidence interval [CI] [−1.10; 0.63], p = .59); while systemic antimicrobials (amoxicillin or azithromycin) showed an added effect on treatment success ([PPD ≤5 mm, no bleeding or suppuration, no progressive bone loss]; n = 2, RR = 1.84, 95% CI [1.17;2.91], p = .008), but not in terms of PPD reduction (n = 2, WMD = 0.93 mm, 95% CI [−0.69; 2.55], p = .26), even if with substantial heterogeneity.ConclusionsNo single decontamination method demonstrated clear evidence of superiority compared to the others. Systemic antibiotics, but not Er:Yag laser, may provide short‐term clinical benefits in terms of treatment success (CRD42020182303).
Response to inhaled ceftazidime in patients with non‐cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis and chronic bronchial infection unrelated to Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Riveiro Vanessa , Casal Ana , Álvarez‐Dobaño José M. , Lourido Tamara , Suárez‐Artime Pedro , Rodríguez‐García Carlota , Ferreiro Lucía , Toubes María E. , Valdés Luis 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionInhaled antibiotics reduce the frequency of exacerbations. The objective was to assess the efficacy of inhaled ceftazidime in patients with non‐cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis (NCFB) and concomitant chronic bronchial infection (CBI) caused by potentially pathogenic microorganisms (PPM) other than Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA).Material and MethodQuasi‐experimental study in 21 patients with exacerbations who developed CBI by a PPM other than PA.ResultsBacterial infection was resolved in 85.7% patients. Rehospitalizations, length of hospital stay, moderate exacerbations and blood levels of CRP decreased significantly. In addition, SGRQ questionnaire also decreased more than 4 points in 57.1% of the patients.ConclusionThe results suggest that inhaled ceftazidime in NCFB unrelated to PA is a plausible alternative to the standard therapies used in clinical practice.
P75 neurotrophin receptor as a therapeutic target for drug development to treat neurological diseases
Authors: Xiong Liu‐Lin , Chen Li , Deng Isaac Bul , Zhou Xin‐Fu , Wang Ting‐Hua 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe interaction of neurotrophins with their receptors is involved in the pathogenesis and progression of various neurological diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, spinal cord injury and acute and chronic cerebral damage. The p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) plays a pivotal role in the development of neurological dysfunctions as a result of its high expression, abnormal processing and signalling. Therefore, p75NTR represents as a vital therapeutic target for the treatment of neurodegeneration, neuropsychiatric disorders and cerebrovascular insufficiency. This review summarizes the current research progress on the p75NTR signalling in neurological deficits. We also summarize the present therapeutic approaches by genetically and pharmacologically targeting p75NTR for the attenuation of pathological changes. Based on the evolving knowledge, the role of p75NTR in the regulation of tau hyperphosphorylation, Aβ metabolism, the degeneration of motor neurons and dopaminergic neurons has been discussed. Its position as a biomarker to evaluate the severity of diseases and as a druggable target for drug development has also been elucidated. Several prototype small molecule compounds were introduced to be crucial in neuronal survival and functional recovery via targeting p75NTR. These small molecule compounds represent desirable agents in attenuating neurodegeneration and cell death as they abolish activation‐induced neurotoxicity of neurotrophins via modulating p75NTR signalling. More comprehensive and in‐depth investigations on p75NTR‐based drug development are required to shed light on effective treatment of numerous neurological disorders.