bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis and management of irritable bowel syndrome-like symptoms in ulcerative colitis
Authors: Dimitrova-Yurukova Desislava , Boyanov Nikola , Nakov Ventsislav , Nakov Radislav 
Published: October 2022

Both ulcerative colitis (UC) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are chronic gastrointestinal (GI) conditions that show some typical features. Persistent GI symptoms typical for IBS are observed in patients with diagnosed UC. Both IBS and UC are characterised by dysregulation of the enteric nervous system, alterations in the gut flora, low-grade mucosal inflammation, and activation of the brain-gut axis. Therefore, it appears that there may be some overlap between the two conditions. It is rather difficult to tell if the lower gastrointestinal symptoms are secondary to coexisting IBS or a hidden UC condition.
Given the disruptions in gut microbiota in UC and the likely role of the brain-gut axis in the production of such symptoms, treatments such as probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, antidepressants, and psychological therapy would appear to be sensible options to use in both illnesses. They are both chronic, causing patients to have a worse quality of life and everyday suffering, as well as incurring significant expenses for the health-care system.
The aim of this review article was to give an up-to-date perspective on the diagnosis and management of IBS-like symptoms in UC.
Panser la santé mondiale
Authors: Leterme Cédric 
Published: October 2022

Malgré des progrès indéniables, l’accès universel à la santé est encore loin d’être une réalité pour les pays et les catégories de population les plus pauvres de la planète. En cause, un manque évident de personnel et de moyens sanitaires, mais aussi une vision trop souvent « humanitaire » de la santé qui en ignore les déterminants sociaux, politiques et économiques.
Panser la santé mondiale
Authors: Lima Barreto Mauricio , Bauvir Anne-Sophie 
Published: October 2022

L’amélioration globale de certains indicateurs de la situation sanitaire dans le monde – comme l’espérance de vie – cache mal les inégalités abyssales qui subsistent ou s’accroissent entre les pays et entre les différents groupes sociaux en leur sein. Les voies de solution pour les réduire sont connues, mais la volonté politique manque pour les mettre en œuvre. Tour d’horizon des inégalités sanitaires mondiales et de leurs causes.
Panser la santé mondiale
Authors: O’Higgins Celeste , Marty Jeremías , Bidelot Charline 
Published: October 2022

Le système de santé cubain, nationalisé et centralisé à des fins d’accès égalitaire dès les lendemains de la révolution sociale et politique de 1959, affiche, malgré certaines limites importantes, parmi les meilleurs indicateurs sanitaires au monde. Combinée aux avancées technologiques des puissances capitalistes, sa généralisation à l’échelle de la planète permettrait à la santé d’atteindre des horizons jamais imaginés.
Panser la santé mondiale
Authors: Collectif d’auteur·trices de l’Afri  , Bidelot Charline 
Published: October 2022

La souveraineté sanitaire repose sur la capacité des États à assurer le droit à la protection de la santé, inscrit dans de nombreuses constitutions. La pandémie de covid-19 a mis en évidence les défaillances des systèmes de santé africains et l’urgence d’y remédier, en investissant notamment dans la recherche et l’innovation. Les défis sont de taille, mais la crise pourrait être un élément déclencheur pour de nouvelles politiques de santé.
KIR2DL2, KIR2DL5A and KIR2DL5B genes induce susceptibility to dengue virus infection while KIR3DL3 and KIR2DS5 confers protection
Authors: TAPSOBA Aziz Sidi Aristide , Djigma Florencia Wendkuuni , BAYALA Bagora , SORGHO Pegdwendé Abel , TRAORE Lassina , ZOHONCON Théodora Mahoukèdè , BELLO Shoukrat Ohuwa Toyin , BADO Prosper , BAZIE Bapio Valérie Elvira Jean Télesphore , YOUGBARE Fiffou , SETOR Marius Ayaovi , TRAORE Esther Mah Alima , OBIRI-YEBOAH Dorcas , YONLI Albert Théophane , SIMPORE Jacques 
Published: October 2022

Background/objective: Dengue, an emerging and re-emerging viral disease, is a major public health problem. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of KIRs genes polymorphism and KIRs genotypes in susceptibility of dengue virus infection and disease severity in a population from Burkina Faso through a case-control study.Methods: KIRs genes determination were performed using PCR-SSP in 50 patients infected by dengue virus (DENV) and 54 Healthy controls (HC) subjects which never having infected by DENV.Results: Data analysis showed significant association between frequencies of three KIR genes and dengue virus infection (DF): KIR2DL2 (OR: 7.32; IC: 2.87-18.65; P < 0.001); KIR2DL5A (OR: 15.00, IC: 5.68-39.59; P < 0.001) and KIR2DL5B (OR: 11.43; IC: 4.42-29; P < 0.001). While, KIR3DL3 (OR: 0.13, IC: 0.052-0.32; P < 0.001) and KIR2DS5 (OR: 0.12; IC: 0.04-0.30; P < 0.001) were associated with protection against DF. KIR2DL4 (OR: 9.75; IC95%: 1.33-70.97; p: 0.03) and KIRD3DL1 (OR: 12.00; IC95%: 1.60-90.13; p: 0.02) were associated with an increased risk in the development of secondary dengue infection (SDI).Conclusion: The results suggest a contribution of KIR2DL2, KIR2DL5A and KIR2DL5B genes in the susceptibility of DF development. While, KIR3DL3 and KIR2DS5 were found to be associated with protection against DF development by enhancing both the innate and acquired immune responses.
Global prevalence, mortality, and main risk factors for COVID-19 associated pneumocystosis
Authors: Khodadadi Hossein , Ahmadpour Ehsan , Nami Sanam , Mohammadi Rasoul , Hosseini Hanieh , Behravan Mahsa , Morovati Hamid 
Published: October 2022

Objective:
Pneumocystis pneumonia (PcP) is a life-threatening infection caused by the opportunistic fungi Pneumocystis jirovecii. The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic forced the focus of attention of health policymakers on these two infections due to their clinical and paraclinical similarities, which cause diagnostic dilemmas. This study was undertaken to evaluate and estimate the global prevalence and main leading risk factors of coronavirus-associated pneumocystosis (CAP).

Methods:
We searched related databases between December 2019 and May 2022 for studies reporting CAP. Meta-analysis was performed using StatsDirect software (version 2.7.9) according to the DerSimonian and Laird method applying the random-effects model. We evaluated heterogeneity using the χ2-based Q statistic (significant for P<0.05) and the I2
statistic (>75% indicative of “notable” heterogeneity). Moreover, an odds ratio (OR) analysis was performed for eligible data.

Results:
Our meta-analysis included eight studies with 923 patients hospitalized with COVID-19; among them, 92 were PcP cases. The overall pooled prevalence of CAP was estimated at 11.5%. The mortality among CAP patients was lower than that of non-PcP patients (OR 1.93; 95% CI 0.86-4.31). Long-term corticosteroid therapy (OR 28.22; 95% CI 0.54-1 480.84) was the most predisposing factor for PcP among COVID-19 patients, followed by pulmonary diseases (OR 1.46; 95% CI 0.43-4.98), kidney diseases (OR 1.26; 95% CI 0.21-7.49), and acute respiratory destruction syndrome (OR1.22; 95% CI 0.05-29.28).

Conclusions:
The prevalence of PcP among the COVID-19 population is almost similar to the pre-COVID era. However, PcP-related mortality was decreased by the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic. Women with COVID-19 are more susceptible to PcP than men. Acute respiratory distress syndrome, kidney diseases, pulmonary diseases, and long-term corticosteroid therapy increased the risk of PcP; however, transplantation and malignancy decreased the risk for PcP among COVID-19 patients. Further retrospective, case-control, prospective, and more precisely systematic review and meta-analysis studies are needed in this field.
Monkeypox awareness, knowledge, and attitude among undergraduate preclinical and clinical students at a Malaysian dental school
Authors: Lin Galvin Sim Siang , Tan Wen Wu , Chan Daryl Zhun Kit , Ooi Kai Shen , Hashim Hasnah 
Published: October 2022

Objective:
To evaluate the awareness, knowledge, and attitude on monkeypox viral infection among preclinical and clinical dental students in Malaysia.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 229 preclinical and clinical dental students via an online self-reported questionnaire. The questionnaire included 3 items on awareness, 15 items on knowledge, 9 items on attitude and 2 open-ended questions. Data were presented as frequencies and percentages. Chi-square test was used to compare knowledge and awareness scores between preclinical and clinical dental students and content analysis was performed for open-ended responses.

Results:
Preclinical and clinical dental students were aware of the existence of monkeypox (89.5% and 94.4%, respectively), that the disease emerged in non-endemic countries (81.0% and 87.1%, respectively) and that it was declared a public health emergency of international concern by the World Health Organization (73.3% and 79.0%, respectively). Clinical dental students’ overall knowledge level was significantly higher than preclinical dental students (P=0.014). Both preclinical (95.2%) and clinical (96.8%) dental students demonstrated positive attitudes toward monkeypox with no significant difference (P=0.736) noted between them. Three themes emerged from the open-ended questions: (1) reimplementation of nationwide lockdown, (2) impact on the economy and health, and (3) disruption to the educational system. Students also anticipated their face-to-face learning to be reduced should there be a new outbreak.

Conclusions:
Both preclinical and clinical dental students showed comparable awareness and attitudes, while the latter demonstrated greater satisfactory knowledge toward the re-emergence of monkeypox during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nonetheless, efforts to improve dental students’ understanding of this alarming outbreak are required, to safeguard their health and minimise transmission.
Optimization of Culture Media for Ex vivo T-Cell Expansion for Adoptive T-Cell Therapy
Authors: Rahimmanesh Ilnaz , Tavangar Mehrsa , Zahedi Seyedeh Noushin , Azizi Yadollah , Khanahmad Shahreza Hossein 
Published: October 2022

Background:
Adoptive T-cell therapy is a promising treatment strategy for cancer immunotherapy. The ability of immunotherapy based on the adoptive cell transfer of genetically modified T cells to generate powerful clinical responses has been highlighted by recent clinical success. Techniques which are used to expand large numbers of T cells from different sources are critical in adoptive cell therapy. In this study, we evaluated the expansion, proliferation, activation of T lymphocytes, in the presence of various concentrations of interleukin-2, phytohemagglutinin (PHA), and insulin.

Materials and Methods:
The effect of different supplemented culture media on T cell expansion was evaluated using MTT assay. The expression level of the Ki-67 proliferation marker was evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction. In addition, flow cytometry analysis was performed to access T cell subpopulations.

Results:
Our results showed that supplemented culture media with an optimized concentration of PHA and interleukin-2 increased total fold expansion of T cells up to 500-fold with approximately 90% cell viability over 7 days. The quantitative assessment of Ki-67 in expanded T cells showed a significant elevation of this proliferation marker. Flow cytometry was also used to assess the proportion of CD4+ and CD8+ cells, and the main expanded population was CD3+ CD8+ cells.

Conclusions:
Based on these findings, we introduced a low-cost and rapid method to support the efficient expansion of T cells for adoptive cell therapy and other in vivo experiments.
The Effect of Caudal Anesthesia Block on Perioperative Pain Control and Reduction of the Anesthetic Agent in Pediatric Infraumbilical Surgery
Authors: Gawe Zeana Amer , Isa Hasan Mohamed , Almashaur Muatasem Mohamed , Haider Fayza , Almulla Khadija 
Published: October 2022

Background:
Caudal epidural block (CEB) is a commonly performed neuraxial block to provide effective pain relief and analgesia in pediatric patients undergoing infraumbilical surgery.

Aims:
This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of adding CEB to general anesthesia (GA) in terms of intra- and postoperative pain management.

Design:
Prospective, randomized case-controlled trial study.

Setting:
Operation theater, and postoperative recovery rooms at Salmaniya Medical Complex, Bahrain.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 74 patients aged 2 months to 6 years with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification I were recruited over a 6-month period between December 2019 and May 2020. Patients were allocated into two groups (Group A, with CEB) or (Group B, without CEB). Both groups were compared based on hemodynamic stability, pain scores, level of sedation, analgesia need, and parental satisfaction.

Statistical Analysis:
Data were analyzed using SPSS program. Categorical and numerical variables of both the groups were compared.

Results:
Patients with CEB had better hemodynamic stability during the surgical procedure based on heart rate (P = 0.039). Pain intensity scores were less in patients with CEB than those without (P < 0.001). Fentanyl consumption was lower in Group A compared to Group B at the end of surgery (P = 0.002). They were also ambulated earlier and discharged sooner than those without CEB. Parental satisfaction was 92.1% in Group A compared to 63.9% in Group B (P = 0.012).

Conclusions:
Adding CEB to GA for intraoperative and perioperative pain control in pediatric patients undergoing infraumbilical surgery makes it more effective, safe, and with better parental satisfaction.
A Randomised Control Study Comparing C-MAC D-Blade Video Laryngoscope (Hyper Angulated Blade) and Macintosh Laryngoscope for Insertion of a Double-Lumen Tube in Patients Undergoing Elective Thoracotomy
Authors: Mathew Amit , Mathai Roy Rajan , Theodore Bernice , Chandy Jacob , Yadav Bijesh , Singh Georgene , Sahajanandan Raj 
Published: October 2022

Background:
The use of a double-lumen endotracheal tube is one of the common anesthetic techniques for operations in the thoracic cavity. However, when compared to a single-lumen tube, placement of a double-lumen tube is technically more difficult as a result of which it takes more time to insert and is associated with more complications such as mucosal injury, hoarseness, and sore throat, even in patients with no anticipated airway difficulty. The CMAC D-blade that is usually used in patients with anticipated airway difficulty, could assist in smooth and quick placement of double-lumen tube (DLT) even in patients with no anticipated airway difficulty.

Aim of the Study:
This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the C-MAC D-blade in reducing the time taken to visualize the glottis and intubate patients with normal airway with a double-lumen tube.

Setting and Design:
This was a prospective open-label randomized control trial in a tertiary hospital.

Materials and Methods:
Seventy-three consenting adult patients with physical status classes I and II, as determined by the American Society of Anesthesiologists, scheduled to undergo elective thoracotomy, were randomly allocated to receive either C-MAC D-blade (Group D) or Macintosh blade (Group M). The primary objective was to compare the time taken for visualization of the glottis and intubation.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Chi-square/Fisher's exact test and t-test were used for statistical analysis.

Results:
Seventy-three patients were randomized (Group D = 36; Group M = 37). Time to visualize the glottic structures (4.56 ± 2.396 s vs. 7.27 ± 4.891 s, P = 0.01) was significantly better in Group D; however, the mean intubation time was comparable (55.92 ± 18.749 s vs. 51.08 ± 15.269 s, P = 0.61).

Conclusion:
C-MAC D-blade videolaryngoscope offers a better glottic view and lesser time to visualize glottis when compared with the Macintosh laryngoscope. However, the time taken to insert the DLT after visualization was longer. We infer that there is no advantage in the routine use of C-MAC D-blade for DLT insertion in patients with no anticipated airway difficulty.
A Comparative Study of Dexmedetomidine versus Nalbuphine Used as an Adjuvant to Chloroprocaine for Daycare Surgeries Performed under Subarachnoid Block
Authors: Gupta Priyamvada , Suthar Amit , Deganwa Mangilal , Goyal Vigya , Devgan Sonali 
Published: October 2022

Backgrounds and Aims:
Nalbuphine or dexmedetomidine when used as an adjuvant to local anesthetic agents may alter the characteristics of subarachnoid block. The study aimed to compare the effect of adding these drugs as an adjuvant to chloroprocaine for spinal anesthesia.

Settings and Design:
This prospective, randomized, double-blind study was conducted at a tertiary care center.

Materials and Methods:
After obtaining permission from the institutional ethical committee and informed patient consent, patients scheduled for surgeries under subarachnoid block were randomized into three groups of 50 each: Group C: Injection 1% chloroprocaine 40 mg (4 mL) with 1 mL normal saline, Group DC: injection 1% chloroprocaine 40 mg (4 mL) with dexmedetomidine 10 μg diluted to 1 mL in normal saline, and Group NC: injection 1% chloroprocaine 40 mg (4 mL) with nalbuphine 0.4 mg diluted to 1 mL in normal saline. Onset, peak, duration, and time to complete regression of sensory and motor blockade were noted. Side effects, if any, were noted and managed appropriately.

Statistical Analysis:
Qualitative data were analyzed using Chi-square test and quantitative data were analyzed using Student's t-test and two-sided Mann–Whitney U-test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
Group DC had prolonged time to onset, duration, and complete regression of sensory and motor block compared to Group NC and Group C (P < 0.001). Hemodynamic parameters, sedation score, and side effects were comparable in all groups.

Conclusion:
Thus, nalbuphine is a better adjuvant to chloroprocaine than dexmedetomidine when administered intrathecally for daycare surgeries performed under spinal anesthesia.
Multidrug-Resistant Organism Infections Correlate with Increased Mortality in COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Sumardika I Wayan , Cokro Frederick , Suranadi I Wayan , Pinatih Komang Januartha Putra 
Published: October 2022

Background:
The uncontrolled use of antibiotics is a big problem that will lead to antibiotic resistance. One of the recommendations for Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) therapy is antibiotics. This study aimed to present the incidence of multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO) infections in COVID-19 patients and the risk of mortality in COVID-19 patients in the Indonesian population.

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective cohort study was conducted at a tertiary medical center in Indonesia. A total of 120 subjects were included in this study and divided equally into group M (COVID-19 patients with MDRO infections) and group N (without MDRO). The culture was conducted between the 17th and 10th days of treatment. A 2 × 2 table and chi-square test calculated the relative risk (RR) of MDRO causing mortality in COVID-19 patients.

Results:
The median age was 52 and 51 years old in groups M and N, respectively (P = 0.599). Based on the documented data related to microbiological culture to detect the types of microorganisms, carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii was found to be the most MDRO isolated (30%), followed by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (26.6%). Bivariate analysis showed that MDRO infection strongly correlates with the incidence of death with a RR of 4.167 (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
MDRO infection is significantly correlated with mortality in COVID-19 patients. MDRO infections pose a four-fold chance of mortality compared to those without MDRO infections.
Correlation of Syndecan-1 Level and Fluid Overload in Children with Sepsis
Authors: Hartawan Nyoman Budi , Riandra Ni Putu Indah Kusumadewi 
Published: October 2022

Background:
Fluid resuscitation is one of the basic principles for managing sepsis, but excessive fluid causes the shedding of the endothelial glycocalyx (syndecan-1) and can cause capillary leakage and tissue edema. This study aimed to determine the correlation between the syndecan-1 level and fluid overload in children with sepsis.

Materials and Methods:
This was an analytic, cross-sectional study conducted in a pediatric intensive care unit. A total of 49 children aged 0–18 participated in this study. Factors investigated were age, gender, nutritional status, the site of infection, organ dysfunction, the severity of sepsis, outcome, blood culture, procalcitonin level, and Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction-2 score. The syndecan-1 level was measured by examining the subject’s blood serum. Statistical analysis was done using the Spearman correlation test.

Results:
Forty-nine sepsis children aged 0–18 were enrolled, with a median age of 12 months. The respiration system was the most common site of infection, and dysfunction of the respiration system was the most common found in the subjects. The median of fluid overload was 8.3%, and the median of procalcitonin and syndecan levels was 17 ng/mL (interquartile range [IQR] = 1.97–64.03 ng/mL) and 372 ng/mL (IQR = 223.5–1389 ng/mL), respectively. The Spearman’s correlation test found a moderate correlation between syndecan-1 and fluid overload (r = 0.469, P = 0.001).

Conclusion:
The plasma concentrations of syndecan-1, a marker of endothelial glycocalyx shedding, were moderately correlated with the fluid overload in patients with sepsis, indicating the link between the fluid overload and the shedding of the glycocalyx.