bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamics between perceived social support and study engagement among primary school students: A three-year longitudinal survey
Authors: Rautanen Pihla , Soini Tiina , Pietarinen Janne , Pyhältö Kirsi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPerceived high study engagement relates to higher school achievement and has been found to promote social and emotional well-being as well. Social support for studying has typically been examined as a resource for study engagement. However, the interrelation between social support and study engagement is likely to be bidirectional: engaged students might be more willing to find and share social support in their studies. The students' emotions and attitudes toward studying (i.e., study engagement) may also influence the teachers’ and guardians’ tendency to provide support for that individual student’s studies. This study explores the bidirectional interrelations between perceived social support for studying and perceived study engagement using three-wave longitudinal survey data in which students are followed from the fourth to sixth grade collected in 2017, 2018, and 2019 (N = 2401). The data are analyzed using the random-intercept cross-lagged panel model (RI-CLPM). The results indicate that perceived study engagement is a stronger and more consistent predictor of later perceived social support from teachers and among peers than vice versa. Moreover, teacher support has a bidirectional interrelation with study engagement. Girls perceive more study engagement, teacher support, and peer support in the fourth and fifth grades when compared with boys.
Mixing in Porous Media: Concepts and Approaches Across Scales
Authors: Dentz Marco , Hidalgo Juan J. , Lester Daniel 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis review provides an overview of concepts and approaches for the quantification of passive, non-reactive solute mixing in steady uniform porous media flows across scales. Mixing in porous media is the result of the interaction of spatial velocity fluctuations and diffusion or local-scale dispersion, which may lead to the homogenization of an initially segregated system. Velocity fluctuations are induced by spatial medium heterogeneities at the pore, Darcy or regional scales. Thus, mixing in porous media is a multiscale process, which depends on the medium structure and flow conditions. In the first part of the review, we discuss the interrelated processes of stirring, dispersion and mixing, and review approaches to quantify them that apply across scales. This implies concepts of hydrodynamic dispersion, approaches to quantify mixing state and mixing dynamics in terms of concentration statistics, and approaches to quantify the mechanisms of mixing. We review the characterization of stirring in terms of fluid deformation and folding and its relation with hydrodynamic dispersion. The integration of these dynamics to quantify the mechanisms of mixing is discussed in terms of lamellar mixing models. In the second part of this review, we discuss these concepts and approaches for the characterization of mixing in Poiseuille flow, and in porous media flows at the pore, Darcy and regional scales. Due to the fundamental nature of the mechanisms and processes of mixing, the concepts and approaches discussed in this review underpin the quantitative analysis of mixing phenomena in porous media flow systems in general.
Piloting Activities for the Design of a Large-scale Biobarrier Involving In Situ Sequential Anaerobic–aerobic Bioremediation of Organochlorides and Hydrocarbons
Authors: Casiraghi Giulia , Pedretti Daniele , Beretta Giovanni P. , Bertolini Martina , Bozzetto Gerardo , Cavalca Lucia , Ferrari Laura , Masetti Marco , Terrenghi Jacopo 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In situ bioremediation (ISB) is a widely accepted method for eradicating petroleum hydrocarbons (PHCs) and chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons (CAHs) from contaminated aquifers. To achieve full removal of all toxic compounds that originated from microbial degradation, sequential anaerobic/aerobic bioremediation systems are recommended. While several works based on laboratory analyses targeting sequential bioremediation have been documented, examples of sequential ISB are limited. The purpose of this study is to report and analyze the results obtained from the multiscale characterization activities propaedeutic to the construction of Italy’s largest (> 400 m long) sequential ISB system. The rich wealth of information produced during this study provides a useful example that can be followed for the construction of new sequential ISBs. The system was set up to remediate a solute plume containing PHCs and CAHs in an alluvial aquifer in Italy. Microcosm experiments were carried out to determine the biodegradation potential under anaerobic and aerobic conditions. In situ tests were performed by installing two 40-m-long pilot biobarriers for sequential anaerobic and aerobic degradation intercepting part of the contamination plume. These experiments pointed out the need of adding biostimulating compounds to accelerate the biodegradation process, under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. In situ tests showed removal efficiencies of up to 95 and 99% for total CAHs and PHCs, respectively, proving the feasibility of the full-scale ISB system. Apparent discrepancies between laboratory and in situ tests can be ascribed to scale effects and aquifer heterogeneities.
Improving binary diffing speed and accuracy using community detection and locality-sensitive hashing: an empirical study
Authors: Karamitas Chariton , Kehagias Athanasios 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBinary diffing is a commonly used technique for detecting syntactic and semantic similarities and/or differences between two programs’ binary executables (not source code). Here we present REveal, a binary diffing application. REveal is based on the detection of Function Call Graph (FCG) approximate isomorphism and improves both speed and accuracy, mainly by the use of two techniques. First, we propose the use of hierarchical Community Detection (CD) in executables’ FCGs, for the purpose of detecting groups of densely connected functions, thus partitioning them in smaller groups. Moreover, we use Locality-Sensitive Hashing (LSH) for further grouping of similar functions in hash buckets. Both techniques are used in a divide-and-conquer fashion to simplify the diffing process of the programs being compared, practically reducing it to diffing of their FCG communities and LSH buckets.
Imprisonment
Authors: Noorda Hadassa 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCriminal law theorists have for the most part neglected the question of why imprisonment requires special legal safeguards for those targeted. The few scholars who have addressed this question have focused on how prison facilities restrict freedom of movement, control over one’s daily life, and access to particular human functioning, but they have ignored state measures that do not include confining individuals behind bars. I defend an alternative account: I argue that the use of prison facilities is part of a raft of state measures, which includes measures that have a relatively minor impact on individuals and others that are more severe. What matters, in deciding what legal safeguards individuals should have against what kinds of state imposition, is how severely a measure impacts on the normal life of those subjected to it. This impact-based approach enables us to decouple the concept of imprisonment from walls, locks, and political and social barriers, thereby highlighting atypical forms of imprisonment, such as open prisons, as well as potential forms of imprisonment to be employed outside of prison, including house arrest. For instance, a person confined to a prison facility can, to a certain extent, be free to take part in society, or a person subject to other state measures can reside at home but be constrained from carrying out a major part of her activities. The account I defend enables us to identify imprisoned individuals as well as those subjected to measures similar to imprisonment, which has potential consequences for their legal rights.
CYP24A1 Involvement in Inflammatory Factor Regulation Occurs via the Wnt Signaling Pathway
Authors: Chen Xue-qi , Mao Jia-yu , Wang Chun-saier , Li Wen-bin , Han Tao-tao , Lv Ke , Li Jing-nan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Objective
While the upregulation of cytochrome P450 family 24 subfamily A member 1 (CYP24A1) gene expression has been reported in colon cancer, its role in tumorigenesis remains largely unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate the involvement of CYP24A1 in Wnt pathway regulation via the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway.

Methods
The human colon cancer cell lines HCT-116 and Caco-2 were subjected to stimulation with interleukin-6 (IL-6) as well as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), with subsequent treatment using the NF-κB pathway-specific inhibitor ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (PDTC). Furthermore, CYP24A1 expression was subjected to knockdown via the use of small interfering RNA (siRNA). Subsequently, NF-κB pathway activation was determined by an electrophoretic mobility shift assay, and the transcriptional activity of β-catenin was determined by a dual-luciferase reporter assay. A mouse ulcerative colitis (UC)-associated carcinogenesis model was established, wherein TNF-α and the NF-κB pathway were blocked by anti-TNF-α monoclonal antibody and NF-κB antisense oligonucleotides, respectively. Then the tumor size and protein level of CYP24A1 were determined.

Results
IL-6 and TNF-α upregulated CYP24A1 expression and activated the NF-κB pathway in colon cancer cells. PDTC significantly inhibited this increase in CYP24A1 expression. Additionally, knockdown of CYP24A1 expression by siRNA could partially antagonize Wnt pathway activation. Upregulated CYP24A1 expression was observed in the colonic epithelial cells of UC-associated carcinoma mouse models. Anti-TNF-α monoclonal antibody and NF-κB antisense oligonucleotides decreased the tumor size and suppressed CYP24A1 expression.

Conclusion
Taken together, this study suggests that inflammatory factors may increase CYP24A1 expression via NF-κB pathway activation, which in turn stimulates Wnt signaling.
An introduction to photon-counting detector CT (PCD CT) for radiologists
Authors: Nakamura Yuko , Higaki Toru , Kondo Shota , Kawashita Ikuo , Takahashi Isao , Awai Kazuo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe basic performance of photon-counting detector computed tomography (PCD CT) is superior to conventional CT (energy-integrating detector CT: EID CT) because its spatial- and contrast resolution of soft tissues is higher, and artifacts are reduced. Because the X-ray photon energy separation is better with PCD CT than conventional EID-based dual-energy CT, it has the potential to improve virtual monochromatic- and virtual non-contrast images, material decomposition including quantification of the iodine distribution, and K-edge imaging. Therefore, its clinical applicability may be increased. Although the image quality of PCD CT scans is superior to that of EID CT currently, further improvement may be possible. The introduction of iterative image reconstruction and reconstruction with deep convolutional neural networks will be useful.
Semiparametric finite mixture of regression models with Bayesian P-splines
Authors: Berrettini Marco , Galimberti Giuliano , Ranciati Saverio 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMixture models provide a useful tool to account for unobserved heterogeneity and are at the basis of many model-based clustering methods. To gain additional flexibility, some model parameters can be expressed as functions of concomitant covariates. In this Paper, a semiparametric finite mixture of regression models is defined, with concomitant information assumed to influence both the component weights and the conditional means. In particular, linear predictors are replaced with smooth functions of the covariate considered by resorting to cubic splines. An estimation procedure within the Bayesian paradigm is suggested, where smoothness of the covariate effects is controlled by suitable choices for the prior distributions of the spline coefficients. A data augmentation scheme based on difference random utility models is exploited to describe the mixture weights as functions of the covariate. The performance of the proposed methodology is investigated via simulation experiments and two real-world datasets, one about baseball salaries and the other concerning nitrogen oxide in engine exhaust.
A randomised controlled trial evaluating two cognitive rehabilitation approaches for cancer survivors with perceived cognitive impairment
Authors: Vardy Janette L. , Pond Gregory R. , Bell Melanie L. , Renton Corrinne , Dixon Ann , Dhillon Haryana M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Up to 70% of survivors report cognitive symptoms after chemotherapy. We compared two cognitive rehabilitation programs to a control group in cancer survivors.

Methods
Study population were adult cancer survivors with cognitive symptoms 6–60 months after adjuvant chemotherapy. Participants randomised to: Attention Process Training (APT), Compensatory Strategy Training (CST), or control group. Active interventions comprised 6–week, 2–h/week small group sessions. Assessments: pre- and post-intervention, 6- and 12-months later. Primary outcome was change in cognitive symptoms (FACT-COG-PCI subscale) between baseline and post-intervention. Secondary endpoints included objective neuropsychological performance, Functional Impact Assessment (FIA), patient-reported outcome measures, and associations. Analyses were on an intention-to-treat basis. Analysis of covariance mixed models were used for continuous outcomes.

Results
Sixty-five participants were randomised (APT n = 21; CST n = 24; controls n = 20): 94% breast cancer, median age 54. Median time since chemotherapy 20.7 months. FACT-COG-PCI, clinical neuropsychological T-scores, and FIA improved in all groups over time, but no significant differences between arms. On mean neuropsychological T-scores 19/65 (29%) were impaired at baseline; post-intervention impairment controls 31.3%, CST 16.7%, APT 20.0%. On FIA at baseline, nine were impaired; this decreased to three post-intervention (one/group). FACT-COG-PCI was weakly associated with neuropsychological tests (rho = 0.24, p = 0.051) at baseline, and had no association with FIA. Neuropsychological total mean T-score was moderately positively associated with FIA (rho = 0.37, p = 0.003).

Conclusion
There were no significant differences between intervention groups and controls using linear mixed models adjusted for baseline scores.

Implications for Cancer Survivors
Cognitive symptoms and neuropsychological test scores improve over time.
World Trade Center Site Exposure Duration Is Associated with Hippocampal and Cerebral White Matter Neuroinflammation
Authors: Huang Chuan , Kritikos Minos , Sosa Mario Serrano , Hagan Thomas , Domkan Alan , Meliker Jaymie , Pellecchia Alison C. , Santiago-Michels Stephanie , Carr Melissa A. , Kotov Roman , Horton Megan , Gandy Sam , Sano Mary , Bromet Evelyn J. , Lucchini Roberto G. , Clouston Sean A. P. , Luft Benjamin J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractResponders to the World Trade Center (WTC) attacks on 9/11/2001 inhaled toxic dust and experienced severe trauma for a prolonged period. Studies report that WTC site exposure duration is associated with peripheral inflammation and risk for developing early-onset dementia (EOD). Free Water Fraction (FWF) can serve as a biomarker for neuroinflammation by measuring in vivo movement of free water across neurons. The present case-controlled study aimed to examine associations between WTC site exposure duration as well as EOD status with increased hippocampal and cerebral neuroinflammation. Ninety-nine WTC responders (mean age of 56) were recruited between 2017 and 2019 (N = 48 with EOD and 51 cognitively unimpaired). Participants were matched on age, sex, occupation, race, education, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) status. Participants underwent neuroimaging using diffusion tensor imaging protocols for FWF extraction. Region of interest (ROI) analysis and correlational tractography explored topographical distributions of FWF associations. Apolipoprotein-e4 allele (APOEε4) status was available for most responders (N = 91). Hippocampal FWF was significantly associated with WTC site exposure duration (r = 0.30,p = 0.003), as was cerebral white matter FWF (r = 0.20,p = 0.044). ROI analysis and correlational tractography identified regions within the limbic, frontal, and temporal lobes. Hippocampal FWF and its association with WTC exposure duration were highest when theAPOEε4 allele was present (r = 0.48,p = 0.039). Our findings demonstrate that prolonged WTC site exposure is associated with increased hippocampal and cerebral white matter neuroinflammation in WTC responders, possibly exacerbated by possession of theAPOEε4 allele.
Histone Deacetylase 3 Inhibition Decreases Cerebral Edema and Protects the Blood–Brain Barrier After Stroke
Authors: Lu Hui , Ashiqueali Ryan , Lin Chin I , Walchale Aashlesha , Clendaniel Victoria , Matheson Rudy , Fisher Marc , Lo Eng H. , Selim Magdy , Shehadah Amjad 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe have previously shown that selective inhibition of histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) decreases infarct volume and improves long-term functional outcomes after stroke. In this study, we examined the effects of HDAC3 inhibition on cerebral edema and blood–brain barrier (BBB) leakage and explored its underlying mechanisms. Adult male Wistar rats were subjected to 2-h middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and randomly treated i.p. with either vehicle or a selective HDAC3 inhibitor (RGFP966) at 2 and 24 h after stroke. Modified neurological severity scores (mNSS) were calculated at 2 h, 1 day, and 3 days. H&E, Evans blue dye (EBD) assay, and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran were employed to assess cerebral edema and BBB leakage. Western blot for matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9), MMP-9 zymography, and immunostaining for HDAC3, GFAP, Iba-1, albumin, aquaporin-4, claudin-5, ZO-1, and NF-kB were performed. Early RGFP966 administration decreased cerebral edema (p = 0.002) and BBB leakage, as measured by EBD assay, FITC-dextran, and albumin extravasation (p < 0.01). RGFP966 significantly increased tight junction proteins (claudin-5 and ZO-1) in the peri-infarct area. RGFP966 also significantly decreased HDAC3 in GFAP + astrocytes, which correlated with better mNSS (r = 0.67, p = 0.03) and decreased cerebral edema (r = 0.64, p = 0.04). RGFP966 decreased aquaporin-4 in GFAP + astrocytes (p = 0.002), as well as, the inflammatory markers Iba-1, NF-kB, and MMP9 in the ischemic brain (p < 0.05). Early HDAC3 inhibition decreases cerebral edema and BBB leakage. BBB protection by RGFP966 is mediated in part by the upregulation of tight junction proteins, downregulation of aquaporin-4 and HDAC3 in astrocytes, and decreased neuroinflammation.
Lusutrombopag for thrombocytopenia in Chinese patients with chronic liver disease undergoing invasive procedures
Authors: Ding Zhenbin , Wu Hong , Zeng Yongyi , Kuang Ming , Yang Wei , Meng Zhiqiang , Chen Yajin , Hao Chunyi , Zou Shubing , Sun Huichuan , Liu Chang , Lin Kecan , Shi Guoming , Wang Xiaoying , Fu Xiutao , Chen Rongxin , Chen Yi , Liang Ruifang , Kano Takeshi , Pan Huiyan , Yang Suna , Fan Jia , Zhou Jian 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPurposeProbing efficacy and safety of lusutrombopag in Chinese chronic liver disease (CLD) and severe thrombocytopenia (PLT < 50 × 109/L) patients undergoing elective invasive procedures.MethodsIn this double-blind, parallel-group phase 3 study, 66 patients with CLD and severe thrombocytopenia were randomized 2:1 to lusutrombopag or placebo arm treatment regimens for seven days at 9 centers in China. Responders (PLT ≥ 50 × 109/L that increased to ≥ 20 × 109/L from the baseline and not received rescue therapy for bleeding) on Day 8 (the day after seven-day treatment) were assessed. PLT ≥ 50 × 109/L on or after Day 8 and within 2 days before invasive procedure (alternative criteria for not requiring platelet transfusion) were also analyzed. Adverse events (AEs) were recorded.ResultsThe proportion of responders on Day 8 was evidently higher (p = 0.0011) in the lusutrombopag group (43.2%, 19/44) versus placebo (4.5%, 1/22). And 72.7% (32/44) patients receiving lusutrombopag met the alternative criteria for not requiring platelet transfusion, while 18.2% (4/22) in the placebo group. The median maximum PLT in lusutrombopag group increased to 80.5 × 109/L, and median time to reach maximum was 14.5 days. Compared with placebo, the lusutrombopag group had a lower incidence of bleeding events (6.8% versus 13.6%), and only one patient had thrombotic-related AE. Overall, the incidence of treatment-emergent AEs was comparable between two groups.ConclusionsLusutrombopag was effective in raising PLT, diminishing platelet transfusion requirement, and documented a safety profile like the placebo in CLD and severe thrombocytopenia patients in a Chinese cohort undergoing elective invasive procedures. Chinese clinical trial registration number: CTR20192384.
Who We Are and What We Owe: Reading Marisela Treviño Orta’s Woman on Fire as a Latine/x Antigone-Story
Authors: Cruz Kathleen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMarisela Treviño Orta’s Woman on Fire (2016) tells the story of a Chicana U.S. citizen haunted by the ghost of a Mexican woman who demands burial after having died attempting to cross the U.S./Mexico border. In this paper, I demonstrate how Treviño Orta’s play presents a uniquely Latine Antigone-story through its investigation into the realities of living and dead Chicane and Latine bodies. Woman on Fire’s emphasis on bodily physicality and how such mechanisms affect Latine experience situates the drama both among and away from the numerous Latin American adaptations of Sophocles’ Antigone noted and studied by scholars. While the play’s focus on the crisis surrounding the Latin American dead and disappeared connects Woman on Fire to that greater tradition, both its exploration of an “Antigone” who refuses to participate in an available burial as well as its use of the body to interpret the complexities of Latine identity and experience breaks new ground in the reception of the Antigone-story.
Random Forest and Logistic Regression algorithms for prediction of groundwater contamination using ammonia concentration
Authors: Madani Ahmed , Hagage Mohammed , Elbeih Salwa F. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe present study aims to develop an efficient predictive model for groundwater contamination using Multivariate Logistic Regression (MLR) and Random Forest (RF) algorithms. Contamination by ammonia is recorded by many authors at Sohag Governorate, Egypt and is attributed to urban growth, agricultural, and industrial activities. Thirty-two groundwater samples representing the Quaternary aquifer are collected and analyzed for major cations (Ca, Mg, and Na), ammonia, nitrate, phosphate, and heavy metals. Lead, magnesium, iron, and zinc variables are used to test the model with ammonia which is used as an index to the groundwater contamination. Spatial distribution maps and statistical analyses show a strong correlation of ammonia with lead and magnesium variables whereas iron and zinc show less correlation. For Random Forest (RF) model, the data is divided into 70% training and 30% testing subsets. The performance of the model is evaluated using the classification reports, and the confusion matrix. Results show (1) high performance of RF model to groundwater contamination with an accuracy of 93% and (2) the MLR accuracy increased from 70 to 83% when “SOLVER” and “C” parameters are modified. The study helps to identify the contaminated zones at the study area and proved the usefulness of the machine learning models for prediction of the groundwater contamination using the ammonia concentration.