bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterizable and V-characterizable groups
Authors: Zhang Jinshan , Liu Xiu , Liu Dandan , Huang Yanhua 
Published: November 2022

Let G be a finite group. The spectrum πe(G) is the set of all element orders of G. A vanishing element of G is an element g∈G such that χ(g)= 0 for some irreducible complex character χ of G. Denote by Vo(G) the set of the orders of vanishing elements of G. For a set Ω of positive integers, let h(Ω) (v(Ω)) be the number of isomorphism classes of finite group G such that πe(G)= Ω Vo(G)= Ω, respectively). A group G is called characterizable (V-characterizable) if h(πe(G))= 1 (v(Vo(G))= 1, respectively). In this note, we discuss the relation between characterizable and V-recognizable. Moreover, by an application of the the relation, we prove that the group M22 is V-characterizable.
Crinum glaucum Bulb Extract Improves the Lipid Profile of Endotoxin-Induced Wistar Rats
Authors: Ogunrinola Olabisi O. , Kanmodi Rahmon I. , Adeyemo Gideon A. , Ogunrinola Oluwaseyi A. , Olatunji Kehinde O. , Fayemi Aleem O. , Sunday Amaka J. , Adu Oluwatosin B. , Elemo Babajide O. 
Published: November 2022

Background and Objective: Medicinal plants are widely known as sources of potential that are used in traditional medicine. The effect of Crinum glaucum (C. glaucum) aqueous extract on the lipid profile of endotoxin-induced rats was evaluated.
Methodology: Fifty Wistar rats (male and female) were divided randomly into five groups (n = 5). Group 1 is the control group. Group 2 was administered C. glaucum aqueous extract (1000 mg/kg body weight). Group 3 was endotoxin-induced with 1 ml/kg body weight single dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 4 hours. Group 4 was given LPS (4 hours) and treated with C. glaucum aqueous extract. Group 5 was administered C. glaucum aqueous extract, LPS, and C. glaucum aqueous extract. At the end of administration, blood and organs (brain, heart, lungs, liver, and kidney) were harvested for the lipid profile (triglyceride, cholesterol, and phospholipid) assay analysis using a spectrophotometric method.
Results: The reduction of cholesterol, triglyceride, and phospholipid concentrations is the hallmark of endotoxin, as revealed in this study. While C. glaucum administration significantly (p<0.05) reduced cholesterol concentrations, there was an up- or down-regulation of triglyceride and phospholipid concentrations in the male compartments compared to the control. A similar trend was observed in the female compartment. Data also revealed that while LPS causes a reduction in lipid profiles, the administration of C. glaucum reverses the effect.
Conclusion: The findings of the research suggest that C. glaucum has an ameliorative and therapeutic effect in improving lipid dysfunctions.
Statin Use and Survival Among Men Receiving Androgen-Ablative Therapies for Advanced Prostate Cancer
Authors: Jayalath Viranda H. , Clark Roderick , Lajkosz Katherine , Fazelzad Rouhi , Fleshner Neil E. , Klotz Laurence H. , Hamilton Robert J. 
Published: November 2022

ImportanceEpidemiological evidence supports a role for statins in improving survival in advanced prostate cancer, particularly among men receiving androgen-ablative therapies.ObjectiveTo study the association between statin use and survival among men with prostate cancer receiving androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) or androgen receptor axis–targeted therapies (ARATs).Data SourcesThis systemic review and meta-analysis used sources from MEDLINE, EMBASE, Epub Ahead of Print, Cochrane Clinical Trials, Cochrane Systematic Reviews, and Web of Science from inception to September 6, 2022.Study SelectionObservational studies reporting associations of concurrent statin use and survival outcomes (in hazard ratios [HRs]).Data Extraction and SynthesisTwo authors independently abstracted all data. Summary estimates pooled multivariable HRs with 95% CIs using the generic inverse variance method with random-effects modeling. A priori specified subgroup and sensitivity analyses were undertaken, and heterogeneity, study quality, and publication bias were evaluated. Confidence in the evidence was assessed using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) approach.Main Outcomes and MeasuresOverall mortality and prostate cancer–specific mortality (PCSM).ResultsTwenty-five cohorts of 119 878 men (65 488 statin users [55%]) with more than 74 416 deaths were included. Concurrent statin use was associated with a 27% reduction in the risk of overall mortality (HR, 0.73 [95% CI, 0.66-0.82]; I2 = 83%) and a 35% reduction in the risk of PCSM (HR, 0.65 [95% CI, 0.58-0.73]; I2 = 74%), with substantial heterogeneity in both estimates. Subgroup analyses identified a PCSM advantage associated with statins for men receiving ARATs compared with ADT alone (HR, 0.40 [95% CI, 0.30-0.55] vs 0.68 [95% CI, 0.60-0.76]; P = .002 for difference). Confidence in the evidence was rated low for both outcomes.Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this meta-analysis show that concurrent statin use was associated with reduced overall mortality and PCSM among men receiving androgen-ablative therapies for advanced prostate cancer. These findings are limited by the observational nature of the data and residual unexplained interstudy heterogeneity. Randomized clinical trials are warranted to validate these results.
Dropout and recidivism are partly explained by emotional decoding and perspective taking deficits of intimate partner violence perpetrators
Authors: Romero‐Martínez Ángel , Lila Marisol , Sarrate‐Costa Carolina , Comes‐Fayos Javier , Moya‐Albiol Luis 
Published: November 2022

AbstractProfessionals and researchers have dedicated important efforts to understanding the underlying factors that explain the failure to complete interventions (dropout) and the recidivism of men convicted of intimate partner violence (IPV) against their female partners. There is a growing interest in measuring emotional decoding and empathic deficits in IPV perpetrators to better understand dropout and recidivism proneness, due to their direct impact on behavioral regulation. In the current study, we first aimed to examine whether the emotional decoding abilities of facial expressions and empathic abilities (cognitive and emotional), as well as their interrelationships in IPV perpetrators (n = 561), would explain dropout, treatment attendance, and recidivism (risk and official) once treatment ended. Our results allowed us to conclude that emotional decoding abilities and perspective taking (cognitive empathy) were significantly and negatively associated with dropout and recidivism. Two moderation models were significant. On the one hand, participants with low emotional decoding abilities presented lower intervention doses the lower their perspective taking. Furthermore, the percentage of participants that reoffended was higher among individuals with low and moderate perspective taking who dropped out. Therefore, our study highlights the importance of conducting emotional decoding and empathic assessments during the initial stages of intervention programs to clearly outline the therapeutic needs of IPV perpetrators. This would allow designing coadjuvant and complementary training programs that can support the main interventions by increasing treatment adherence and, in turn, reducing the risk of recidivism.
Inheritable Organic‐Inorganic Hybrid Interfaces with π–d Electron Coupling for Robust Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution at High‐Current‐Densities
Authors: Zhao Sheng , Yin Lijie , Deng Liming , Song Junnan , Chang Yu‐Ming , Hu Feng , Wang Hui , Chen Han‐Yi , Li Linlin , Peng Shengjie 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRational heterointerface engineering is crucial for superior and robust hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Herein, a delicate organic‐inorganic hybrid heterojunction based on the assembly of oxalate with polyaniline (PANI) for HER at high‐current‐densities is envisioned. Strong π–d electron coupling is achieved between the delocalized π electrons of PANI and the localized d electrons of oxalate metal sites. The CoC2O4 nanosheets are grown on nickel foam (NF) with Ni2+ ions substitution by the precursor etching. By virtue of the synergy of hetero ions and π–d electron coupling, metal sites obtain sufficient exposure and electronic structure optimization. Surprisingly, the phase transition of oxalate during HER in the alkaline environment does not weaken the π–d electronic coupling of the organic‐inorganic hybrid interfaces. Inheritable interfacial electron interaction provides a reliable guarantee for robust stability at high‐current‐densities while endowing the hybrid materials with extremely low overpotentials. As expected, post‐phase reconstructed Co0.59Ni0.41(OH)2@PANI/NF displays impressive HER activity, with a low overpotential of 43 mV@−10 mA cm−2 and robust stability at −1000 mA cm−2 for 30 h in the alkaline environment. This study sheds light on the rational heterostructure interface design and promotes the architecture of an impressive electrocatalysts system.
Synergistically Tailoring the Electronic Structure and Ion Diffusion of Atomically Thin Co(OH)2 Nanosheets Enable Fast Pseudocapacitive Sodium Ion Storage
Authors: Sun Baoyu , Zheng Wei , Lou Shuaifeng , Xie Bingxing , Cui Can , Zhang Guo‐Xu , Kong Fanpeng , Ma Yulin , Du Chunyu , Zuo Pengjian , Xie Jingying , Yin Geping 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe fast‐growing development for high‐capacity anodes is undermined by their unsatisfactory rate performance and cycling stability stemming from sluggish ion‐migration speed, poor electronic conductivity, and mechanical degradation induced by the stress accumulation, which greatly hamper practical applications of Na‐ion batteries. Here, a combined experimental and theoretical study on atomic‐thickness (0.6 nm) Co(OH)2 nanosheet with surface defects (2D‐Co(OH)2@D NSs) and large interplanar spacing (0.465 nm) is presented, in which fast ion/electron transport is permitted to boost battery reactions. The mechanical degradation on cycling can be well buffered via tailoring mesopores across the Co(OH)2 nanosheet and an elastic solid–electrolyte interface is established by modulating the electronic structure of the Co(OH)2 surface. The 2D‐Co(OH)2@D NSs exhibit high rate‐capacity (>228 mAh g−1 at 20 A g−1) and superior cyclic stability with negligible decay during 1300 cycles. This study will shed light on the development of electrode materials at atomic‐level design for high‐power and long‐lived performance.
Delivery of Induced Neural Stem Cells Through Mechano‐Tuned Silk–Collagen Hydrogels for the Recovery of Contused Spinal Cord in Rats
Authors: Davaa Ganchimeg , Hong Jin Young , Lee Jung‐Hwan , Kim Min Soo , Buitrago Jennifer O. , Li Yu‐Meng , Lee Hae‐Hyoung , Han Dong Wook , Leong Kam W. , Hyun Jung Keun , Kim Hae‐Won 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNeural stem cells (NSC) have tremendous potential for therapeutic regeneration of diseased or traumatized neural tissues, including injured spinal cord. However, transplanted NSC suffer from low cell survival and uncontrolled differentiation, limiting in vivo efficacy. Here, this issue is tackled by delivery through silk–collagen protein hydrogels that are stiffness‐matched, stress‐relaxing, and shear‐thinning. The mechanically‐tuned hydrogels protect NSC reprogrammed from fibroblasts (iNSC) initially from injection shear‐stress, and enhance long‐term survival over 12 weeks. Hydrogel‐iNSC treatment alleviates neural inflammation, with reduced inflammatory cells and lesions than NSC‐only. The iNSC migrate from the hydrogel into surrounding tissues, secrete up‐regulated neurotrophic factors, and differentiate into neural cell subtypes, forming synapses. More serotonergic axons are observed in the lesion cavity, and locomotor functions are improved in hydrogel‐iNSC than in iNSC‐only. This study highlights the ability of mechanically‐tuned protein hydrogels to protect iNSC from the injection stress and severe inflammatory environment, allowing them to differentiate and function to recover the injured spinal cord.
Hydrogel Nanocomposite Adsorbents and Photocatalysts for Sustainable Water Purification
Authors: Kumar Neeraj , Gusain Rashi , Pandey Sadanand , Ray Suprakas Sinha 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHydrogels have been employed for water purification applications, but their performance and strength are unsatisfactory for widespread adoption. Recently, hydrogel nanocomposites have been proposed to resolve the inherent challenges faced by hydrogels for water treatment. This review comprehensively analyzes hydrogel nanocomposites for water treatment using adsorbent and photocatalysis techniques. The structure, classification, and tunable synthesis methods of hydrogels are explained. Further, how hydrogels can be incorporated with functional nanoparticles (NPs) and can be used as templates/precursors for developing advanced 3D architectures, including the formation of hydrogel nanocomposite beads and 3D printing objects are discussed. Finally, the structure‐property relationships of hydrogel nanocomposites are critically reviewed by considering introductory gelation chemistry, such as swelling characteristics, mechanical properties, stimuli‐responsiveness, and ionic/electronic conduction. The extensive cross‐linking of polymer chains with NPs offers high mass/charge transport, high surface areas, and enhanced polymer‐water interactions to achieve high‐performing adsorbents and photocatalysts. Several motivating examples of emerging NP‐containing hydrogel nanocomposites for use in adsorbents and photocatalysis have been discussed. Such efforts validated the excellent technological potential held by hydrogel nanocomposites for water purification applications. Finally, future directions of hydrogel nanocomposites for sustainable water treatment are proposed.
Photo‐Driven Semimetal–Semiconductor Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Fu Jintao , Nie Changbin , Sun Feiying , Jiang Hao , Li Yunjie , Li Genglin , Wei Xingzhan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPhotodetectors that can simultaneously exhibit high gain, fast response, and low dark current are of significant value in modern optoelectronic systems. However, the recently reported photovoltage‐driven phototransistors are encountering certain challenges to meet the above requirement. In this work, a “photo‐driven” semi‐metal–semiconductor field‐effect transistor (photo‐sMESFET), based on graphene/silicon‐on‐insulator hybrid structure, is proposed and demonstrated to realize the synchronous optimization of gain, response speed, and dark current. Taking advantage of the unique semimetal characteristics of graphene, a high‐quality Schottky junction between graphene and silicon is produced, which can greatly deplete the silicon channel and suppress dark current. After illumination, the photovoltage at graphene–silicon interface efficiently shrinks the depletion layer and tremendously enhances the channel conductance. Combined with the high transconductance of the silicon channel, the photo‐sMESFET exhibits a gain of more than 104, a fast response time (τ) of 3 µs, and a low dark current (Jd) of 2.5 µA. Furthermore, the figure of merit, , evaluating the comprehensive performance on photodetectors, is up to 8 × 108 A1/2 cm s−1, which is superior to the counterparts of graphene‐based photodetectors. The results presented leverage a new detection strategy based on the semimetal–semiconductor photovoltaic effect.
Spin‐ and Space‐Multiplexing Metasurface for Independent Phase Controls of Quadruplex Polarization Channels
Authors: Sun Shi , Ma Hui Feng , Gou Yue , Zhang Tai Yi , Wu Liang Wei , Cui Tie Jun 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSpin‐decoupled metasurfaces can realize independent phase controls of two orthogonally circularly polarized (CP) waves, and hence have attracted much attention in recent years. However, all previously reported metasurfaces capable of simultaneously manipulating the transmission and reflection of CP waves can only achieve two decoupled polarization conversion channels. In this work, a spin‐ and space‐multiplexing metasurface is proposed, that can achieve independent phase controls of four different CP conversion channels, including two cross‐polarized transmission channels and two co‐polarized reflection channels. The performance of the metasurface is experimentally validated by multi‐channel independent holographic imaging. The results show that four independent holograms are realized in four CP conversion channels by only using a single metasurface, which can greatly improve the information capacity of the metasurfaces and make full use of polarization and space resources.
Welfare implications of participating in agri‐value chains among vegetable farmers in Northern Ghana
Authors: Ma Wanglin , Abdul‐Rahaman Awal , Issahaku Gazali 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study investigates the welfare implications of agri‐value chain participation utilizing data collected from 423 smallholder vegetable farmers in northern Ghana. The endogenous switching regression (ESR) model estimates the determinants of agri‐value chain participation and their associated impacts on farmers' welfare, measured by household income and consumption expenditure. The ESR model accounts for selectivity bias associated with observed and unobserved factors. We find that agri‐value chain participation improves vegetable farmers' welfare. Participation significantly increases household income and consumption expenditure by about 22% and 40%, respectively. Our results also reveal that agri‐value chain participation is significantly determined by education, household size, mobile phone ownership, irrigation, farm size, farmer group membership, and extension visits. Variables such as education, access to irrigation, farm size, access to credit, farmer group membership, and extension are the significant determinants of farmers' welfare [EconLit Citations: D24, Q12, Q18].
The Effect of Molecular Conformations and Simulated “Self‐Doping” in Phenothiazine Derivatives on Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence
Authors: Gao Mingxue , Tian Yu , Li Xiaoning , Gong Yanxiang , Fang Manman , Yang Jie , Li Zhen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe research of purely organic room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials has drawn great attention for their wide potential applications. Besides single‐component and host–guest doping systems, the self‐doping with same molecule but different conformations in one state is also a possible way to construct RTP materials, regardless of its rare investigation. In this work, twenty‐four phenothiazine derivatives with two distinct molecular conformations were designed and their RTP behaviors in different states were systematically studied, with the aim to deeply understand the self‐doping effect on the corresponding RTP property. While the phenothiazine derivatives with quasi‐axial (ax) conformation presented better RTP performance in aggregated state, the quasi‐equatorial (eq) ones were better in isolated state. Accordingly, the much promoted RTP performance was achieved in the stimulated self‐doping state with ax‐conformer as host and eq‐one as guest, demonstrating the significant influence of self‐doping on RTP effect.
Grain Boundary Electronic Insulation for High‐Performance All‐Solid‐State Lithium Batteries
Authors: Yang Xiaofei , Gao Xuejie , Jiang Ming , Luo Jing , Yan Jitong , Fu Jiamin , Duan Hui , Zhao Shangqian , Tang Yongfu , Yang Rong , Li Ruying , Wang Jiantao , Huang Huan , Veer Singh Chandra , Sun Xueliang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSulfide electrolytes with high ionic conductivities are one of the most highly sought for all‐solid‐state lithium batteries (ASSLBs). However, the non‐negligible electronic conductivities of sulfide electrolytes (≈10−8 S cm−1) lead to electron smooth transport through the sulfide electrolyte pellets, resulting in Li dendrite directly depositing at the grain boundaries (GBs) and serious self‐discharge. Here, a grain‐boundary electronic insulation (GBEI) strategy is proposed to block electron transport across the GBs, enabling Li−Li symmetric cells with 30 times longer cycling life and Li−LiCoO2full cells with three times lower self‐discharging rate than pristine sulfide electrolytes. The Li−LiCoO2ASSLBs deliver high capacity retention of 80 % at 650 cycles and stable cycling performance for over 2600 cycles at 0.5 mA cm−2. The innovation of the GBEI strategy provides a new direction to pursue high‐performance ASSLBs via tailoring the electronic conductivity.
A Sustainable Approach for Graphene Oxide‐supported Metal N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes Catalysts
Authors: Nandeshwar Muneshwar , Mandal Suman , Kuppuswamy Subramaniam , Prabusankar Ganesan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSustainable noble metal‐N‐heterocyclic carbenes (NHC's) are a topic of arising concern in both the chemical industry and the academic community due to a growing consciousness of environmental pollution and scarcity. Recovering and reusing homogeneous catalysts from the reaction mixture requires a tremendous amount of capital investment in the chemical manufacturing industry. Heterogeneous catalysts are proved to have better functional groups tolerance; however, catalysts support largely influences the active catalyst sites to affect catalyst efficiency and selectivity. Thus the, choice of catalyst supports plays an almost decisive role in this emerging area of catalysis research. Graphene oxide (GO)/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) support has a potential growth in heterogeneous catalysis owing to their commercial availability, considerably larger surface area, inert towards chemical transformations, and easy surface functionalization to attached metal complexes via covalent and non‐covalent aromatic π‐conjugates. To take advantage of two independently well‐established research areas of noble metal‐N‐heterocyclic carbenes and GO/rGO support via covalent or non‐covalent interactions approach would offer novel heterogeneous complexes with improved catalytic efficiency without sacrificing product selectivity. This unique concept of marrying metal‐N‐heterocyclic carbenes with GO/rGO support has potential growth in the chemical and pharmaceutical industry, however, limited examples are reported in the literature. In this perspective, a comprehensive summary of metal−NHC synthesis on GO/rGO support and synthetic strategies to graft M−NHC onto GO/rGO surface, catalytic efficiency, for the catalytic transformation are critically reviewed. Furthermore, a plausible mechanism for non‐covalent grafting methodology is summarized to direct readers to give a better understanding of M−NHC@rGO complexes. This would also allow the designing of engineered catalysts for unexplored catalytic applications.