bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Evolutionary Model of “Sexual Conflict” Over Women's Age at Marriage: Implications for Child Mortality and Undernutrition
Authors: Wells Jonathan C. K. 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundEarly women's marriage is associated with adverse outcomes for mothers and their offspring, including reduced human capital and increased child undernutrition and mortality. Despite preventive efforts, it remains common in many populations and is often favored by cultural norms. A key question is why it remains common, given such penalties. Using an evolutionary perspective, a simple mathematical model was developed to explore women's optimal marriage age under different circumstances, if the sole aim were to maximize maternal or paternal lifetime reproductive fitness (surviving offspring).MethodsThe model was based on several assumptions, supported by empirical evidence, regarding relationships between women's marital age and parental and offspring outcomes. It assumes that later marriage promotes women's autonomy, enhancing control over fertility and childcare, but increases paternity uncertainty. Given these assumptions, optimal marriage ages for maximizing maternal and paternal fitness were calculated. The basic model was then used to simulate environmental changes or public health interventions, including shifts in child mortality, suppression of women's autonomy, or promoting women's contraception or education.ResultsIn the basic model, paternal fitness is maximized at lower women's marriage age than is maternal fitness, with the paternal optimum worsening child undernutrition and mortality. A family planning intervention delays marriage age and reduces child mortality and undernutrition, at a cost to paternal but not maternal fitness. Reductions in child mortality favor earlier marriage but increase child undernutrition, whereas ecological shocks that increase child mortality favor later marriage but reduce fitness of both parents. An education intervention favors later marriage and reduces child mortality and undernutrition, but at a cost to paternal fitness. Efforts to suppress maternal autonomy substantially increase fitness of both parents, but only if other members of the household provide compensatory childcare.ConclusionEarly women's marriage maximizes paternal fitness despite relatively high child mortality and undernutrition, by increasing fertility and reducing paternity uncertainty. This tension between the sexes over the optimal marriage age is sensitive to ecological stresses or interventions. Education interventions seem most likely to improve maternal and child outcomes, but may be resisted by males and their kin as they may reduce paternal fitness.
Health Professionals' Attitude Toward the Use of Social Media for COVID-19 Related Information in Northwest Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Tegegne Masresha Derese , Endehabtu Berhanu Fikadie , Guadie Habtamu Alganeh , Yilma Tesfahun Melese 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundSocial media platform is one way to share online information regarding pandemic prevention. However, there is no study regarding the attitude of health professionals toward social media use for the COVID-19-related information. This study aimed to assess health professionals' attitudes toward using social media for COVID-19-related information.MethodsAn institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 355 health professionals in Bahir Dar city public health centers, Northwest Ethiopia. A pretested self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. The data were entered by EPI-data version 4.6 and analyzed using SPSS version 23 software. Descriptive statistics, bivariable, and multivariable logistic regression analysis were used to describe respondents' attitudes toward using social media for COVID-19 information and identify associated factors. An adjusted odds ratio (OR) and a p-value with a 95% CI were calculated to measure the strength of the association and assess statistical significance.ResultOut of 341 participants, about 73% of the participants had a good attitude toward the use of social media for COVID-19 information. Age &lt; 24 [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 3.74, 95% CI: (1.53–9.13)] and age group 25–34 years [AOR = 2.25, 95% CI: (1.04–4.86)], computer training [AOR = 2.03, 95% CI: (1.03–4.00)], usefulness of social media [AOR = 3.25, 95% CI: (1.58–6.67)], and trustworthiness [AOR = 3.57, 95% CI: (1.93–6.60)] were enabling factors for attitude toward the use of social media for COVID-19 related information.ConclusionHealth professionals had a moderate attitude toward using social media for accessing COVID-19-related information. This implies that after considering positive attitude predictors, such as providing basic computer training, emphasizing the usefulness of social media, and building trusted social media pages, social media platforms can be used as a source of COVID-19-related information for health professionals.
Field Line Resonances and Cavity Modes at Earth and Jupiter
Authors: Lysak Robert L. 
Published: June 2022

Ultra-Low-Frequency (ULF) waves provide a means for the rapid propagation of energy and field-aligned current in planetary magnetospheres. At Earth, the ULF frequency range is usually defined as including waves with periods of 0.2–600 s; however, at Jupiter these waves can extend to periods of tens of minutes. In both magnetospheres, shear mode Alfvén waves can form field line resonances that exist between the ionospheres, with periods of a few minutes at Earth and a few tens of minutes at Jupiter. A major distinction between these two magnetospheres is in the density distribution. Earth has a dense ionosphere full of heavy ions, an extended, cold plasmasphere and a relatively low-density plasma sheet. In contrast, at Jupiter, the ionosphere is largely hydrogen (both in atomic form and in the H3+molecular ion), there is no appreciable plasmasphere and the plasma disk is dense and populated with heavy ions (largely sulfur and oxygen) originating at the moon Io and to some extent from other moons. As at Earth, the sharp Alfvén speed gradient above the ionosphere forms an ionospheric Alfvén resonator at Jupiter with periods of seconds. Furthermore, the high-latitude lobes at Jupiter have very low density and a resonant structure can be formed by waves bouncing between the ionosphere and the dense plasma disk. This structure leads to periods of tens of seconds. Finally, the dense Io plasma torus and plasma sheet provide conditions for compressional cavity modes to form in this region. Thus, the structure of the field line resonance modes is quite different at the two planets. Implications of these resonances on auroral particle acceleration will be discussed.
Holliday Cross-Recognition Protein HJURP: Association With the Tumor Microenvironment in Hepatocellular Carcinoma and With Patient Prognosis
Authors: Luo Dongcheng , Liao Sina , Liu Yu , Lin Youzhi , Li Yongqiang , Liao XiaoLi 
Published: June 2022

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most common type of primary liver cancer, and it is associated with poor prognosis. It often fails to respond to immunotherapy, highlighting the need to identify genes that are associated with the tumor microenvironment and may be good therapeutic targets. We and others have shown that the Holliday cross-recognition protein HJURP can promote the proliferation, migration, and invasion by hepatocellular carcinoma cells, and that HJURP overexpression is associated with poor survival. Here we explored the potential relationship between HJURP and the tumor microenvironment in hepatocellular carcinoma.Methods: We used the Immuno-Oncology-Biological-Research (IOBR) software package to analyze the potential roles of HJURP in the tumor microenvironment. Using single-cell RNA sequencing data, we identified the cell clusters expressing abundant HJURP, then linked some of these clusters to certain bioprocesses using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). We validated the differential expression of HJURP in tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells, sorted by flow cytometry into populations based on the expression level of PD-1. We used weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to identify immunity-related genes whose expression strongly correlated with that of HJURP. The function of these genes was validated based on enrichment in Gene Ontology (GO) terms, and they were used to establish a prognosis prediction model.Results: IOBR analysis suggested that HJURP is significantly related to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and was significantly related to T cells, dendritic cells, and B cells. Based on single-cell RNA sequencing, HJURP was strongly expressed in T cells, erythrocytes, and B cells from normal liver tissues, as well as in CD8+ T cells, dendritic cells, and one cluster of hepatocytes in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues. Malignant hepatocytes strongly expressing HJURP were associated with the downregulation of immune bioprocesses. HJURP expression was significantly higher in CD8+ T cells strongly expressing PD-1 than in those expressing no or intermediate levels of PD1. WGCNA identified two module eigengenes (comprising 397 and 84 genes) related to the tumor microenvironment. We identified 24 hub genes and confirmed that they were related to immune regulation. A prognostic risk score model based on expression of HJURP, PPT1, PML, and CLEC7A showed moderate ability to predict survival.Conclusion:HJURP is associated with tumor-infiltrating immune cells, immune checkpoints, and immune suppression in hepatocellular carcinoma. HJURP-related genes involved in immune responses may be useful for predicting patient prognosis.
Variability in the Solid Particle Density and Its Influence on the Corresponding Void Ratio and Dry Density: A Case Study Conducted on the MBT Reject Waste Stream from the MBT Plant in Marišćina, Croatia
Authors: Petrovic Igor , Kaniski Nikola , Hrncic Nikola , Bosilj Dino 
Published: June 2022

In this study, a functional relationship between the solid particle density (ρs), void ratio e, and dry density (ρd) of mechanically and biologically treated (MBT) municipal solid waste (MSW) was examined. In total, 60 waste specimens were tested with an air pycnometer device and corresponding triplets (e, ρd,and ρs) of values were obtained. In addition, a long-term oedometer test with an allowed decomposition process was also conducted. Based on the obtained results, the variability in the solid particle density caused by heterogeneity and decomposition, as well as its influence on the corresponding void ratio and dry density values, were critically evaluated. The obtained results showed that the variability in the solid particle density caused by waste heterogeneity had a significant influence on the initial void ratio value. Furthermore, the obtained results also showed that the change in the solid particle density, caused by the degradation process, had a significant impact on the final void ratio and dry density values. In addition, an empirical relationship, ρd=fe, was proposed. The proposed function allows a landfill operator to establish the corresponding dry density at an arbitrary chosen void ratio, and vice versa, without having the exact knowledge of the corresponding solid particle density value.
Measurements infrastructure — futurological considerations
Authors: Samoilenko Oleksandr 
Published: June 2022

Futurology as science for predicting humanity progress is important for planning specific steps to be taken today.
Author made an attempt of scientific prediction concerning development of such important measurement infrastructure components as comparisons of measurement standards, interlaboratory comparisons of measurement results and calibration. Current state of this measurement infrastructure component should be improved to meet the challenges of a complicated and changeable environment. Comparisons of measurement standards are not performed often. Number of participants is limited. CMCs are difficult to obtain. Interlaboratory comparisons and calibrations are separated from comparisons, etc.
Idea of measurement infrastructure future improvement is substantiated. Global informatization provides advantages and opportunities for it.
The answer to modern challenges is seen in the creation of the Comprehensive Measurement Traceability Network (hereinafter — the Network). The Network is assumed to be the most automated and consequently, the fastest, the most dynamic and comprehensive. Various levels of comparisons for various measurement methods and submethods can be initiated fast, easy and without restrictions. They can be provided continuously, without interruptions. Interlaboratory comparisons and calibrations should be directly linked to comparisons of measurement standards in the Network. Interlaboratory comparisons initiated in the Network differ from comparisons of measurement standards only in the factor that they will be initiated for working measurement standards and instruments. Subjective human factors in initiating, planning, processing and analyzing measurement results will be significantly reduced in the Network.
The purpose, basic (but not all) tasks and principles of such Network future work are formulated. Its advantages are underlined.
Analisis Faktor Kecelakaan Kerja dengan Karakteristik Pekerja Proyek Makassar New Port di PT. PP Pelindo IV (Persero)
Authors: Mulyadi Mulyadi , Zaenab Zaenab , Hasryanty Sri 
Published: June 2022

Kecelakaan kerja adalah peristiwa yang tak terduga dan tidak diinginkan oleh orang-orang. Alasan kecelakaan kerja pada umumnya terjadi karena kondisi yang berisiko. Sejak tahun 2020 hingga pertengahan tahun 2021 telah terjadi sebanyak 35 kejadian kecelakaan kerja Sebagian besar kecelakaan tersebut terjadi dikarenakan akibat terkena jatuhnya barang. Adapun Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kecelakaan kerja berdasarkan karakteristik pekerja. Analisa data menggunakan pearson correlation dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 109 responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari keempat faktor yang diteliti terdapat dua faktor yang tidak memiliki hubungan yaitu umur dengan nilai p = 0,687 dan masa kerja dengan nilai p = 0,405. Sedangkan untuk factor yang memiliki hubungan yaitu pendidikan dengan nilai p = 0,032 dan penggunaan APD dengan nilai p = 0,005. Dari hasil ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa kecelakaan kerja yang terjadi di PT. PP berhubungan dengan tingkat pendidikan dan penggunaan APD. Untuk itu disarankan kepada pihak pemerintah agar membrikan teguran kepada perusahaan agar memperhatikan factor risiko yang dapat menyebabkan tejadinya kecelakaan kerja selain itu juga bahwa perusahaan senantiasa memberikan himbauan agar pekerja selalu waspada/hati-hati dan selalu menggunakan alat pelindung diri saat bekerja serta mematuhi aturan yang dibuat oleh perusahaan sehingga diharapak tidak terjadi kecelakaan kerja.
Upaya Peningkatan Perlindungan Terhadap Covid-19 dengan Pelaksanaan Vaksinasi Lanjutan (Booster)
Authors: Rahayu Dwi , Hengky Irawan  , Puguh Santoso  , Krisnawati Dyah Ika , Atmojo Didik Susetiyanto , Susilowati Erna , Rahmawati Elfi Quyumi 
Published: June 2022

Pemberian vaksin covid-19 merupakan salah satu langkah preventif dalam upaya untuk memutus rantai penyebaran covid-19. Oleh karena itu, pemerintah mengeluarkan Permenkes Nomor 10 tahun 2021 tentang pelaksanaan vaksinasi dan surat edaran tentang vaksinasi Covid-19 dosis lanjutan (booster). Vaksinasi bertujuan untuk memberikan perlindungan spesifik terhadap suatu penyakit tertentu sehingga apabila suatu saat terpajan dengan penyakit tersebut maka tidak akan sakit atau hanya mengalami sakit ringan. Indonesia menjadikan pelaksanaan vaksinasi COVID-19 lanjutan (booster) sebagai upaya peningkatan perlindungan terhadap COVID-19. Tujuan Pengabdian Masyarakat ini adalah untuk mempercepat pelaksanaan kegiatan vaksinasi Covid 19 lanjutan (booster) di Kota Kediri. Metode Pengabdian masyarakat ini dilakukan mulai dari perencanaan sampai dengan evaluasi dan rencana tindak lanjut pelaksanaan vaksinasi Covid 19. Pengabdian Masyarakat ini dilakukan di Aula Kantor PCNU Kota Kediri dengan sasaran masyarakat umum yang bersedia datang ke lokasi kegiatan. Pengabdian masyarakat dalam pemberian vaksinasi COVID-19 lanjutan (booster) bagi masyarakat kelompok sasaran masyakat umum yang dilakukan pada hari Kamis tanggal 21 April 2022 jam 08.00 sampai jam 13.00 WIB di Aula Kantor PCNU Kota Kediri telah berhasil memberikan vaksinasi pada 190 orang. Kegiatan pemberian vaksin COVID-19 kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan perlindungan tubuh dengan mengaktifkan antibodi dalam tubuh supaya dapat mengurangi dampak dari penularan Penyakit COVID-19 dan sebagai upaya memutus rantai penyebaran penyakit COVID-19.
Optimalisasi Personal Hygiene Sebagai Upaya Pencegahan Dermatitis di Pondok Pesantren Raudlatul Musthofa Desa Rejotangan Tulungagung
Authors: Lathifah Qurrotu A'Yunin , Puspitasari Eka , Hariyanto Hariyanto 
Published: June 2022

Hidup bersama dengan sekelompok orang seperti di lingkungan pondok pesantren memiliki resiko mudah tertular suatu penyakit. Penularan terjadi karena kurangnya menjaga kebersihan diri. Penyakit yang sering dialami oleh santri salah satunya adalah penyakit kulit. Oleh karena itu, kesadaran menjaga kebersihan untuk mencegah terjadinya penularan penyakit kulit sangatlah penting. Tujuan dari kegiatan Pengabdian kepada masysarakat ini adalah memberikan edukasi tentang penyakit dermatitis yang diharapkan mampu mencegah penyakit dermatitis. Metode kegiatan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode ceramah penyuluhan mulai dari pemaparan materi secara lisan, pembagian leaflet dan di akhir kegiatan para santri diberi pertanyaan secara lisan guna mengetahui tingkat pemahaman setelah diberikan materi. Kegiatan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat dilaksanakan pada tanggal 19 Mei 2022 di pondok pesantren Raudlatul Musthofa yang diikuti oleh 24 santri Raudlatul Musthofa dengan rata-rata usia 13-14 tahun. Pada akhir kegiatan pengabdian,dilakukan pembagian handuk kepada santri sebagai upaya pencegahan dermatitis. Hasil dari kegiatan pengabdian yang dilakukan yaitu santri dapat mengetahui tentang penyakit dermatitis dan cara pencegahannya serta didapatkan peningkatan tingkat pengetahuan dari pada sebelum dilakukan kegiatan pengabdian tersebut.
Digitalization of business processes of small business as a growth factor for its competitiveness
Authors: Zyus’kin A. A. 
Published: June 2022

Aim. The work aimed to analyze the aspects of digitalization of business processes of small business.Tasks. The work was performed to determine trends in the digitalization of business processes in Russia and in international countries; to analyze the dynamics of online sales on marketplaces; to analyze the Russian practice of digitalization of business processes of small business.Methods. Theoretical analysis of the literature, expert opinions, comparative analysis, and analysis of statistical data were applied.Results. The opinions of Russian and international researchers and experts on the trends in the digitalization of business processes of small business were analyzed. The conclusion was made about the high rates of development of this process in Russia and in the world. The topical problems of digitalization of business processes of small businesses, as well as the competitive advantages gained from interaction with marketplaces, were analyzed.Conclusions. According to the author, unlike international countries, the digitalization of business processes of small business in Russia is spontaneous, and the state does not participate enough in this. According to the author, the main way to digitalize business processes of small businesses is its operation through an ecosystem of marketplaces under conditions of payment the commission fees. In international countries, the diversification of technologies in digital ecosystems intensifies competition, and promotes the digital migration of small businesses.
Conflict of interests of stakeholders in corporate management under modern conditions
Authors: Mamenkova A. A. 
Published: June 2022

Aim. The work aimed to describe the impact of modern conditions of social development, primarily digitalization trends and the COVID-19 pandemic, on the essence of stakeholder conflicts of interest in corporate management, as well as the consequences arising from this.Tasks. The work was performed to define the term “stakeholder”, classify key stakeholders in the context of the impact of a conflict of interest on corporate management.Methods. The author used general methods of scientific knowledge, identified trends in digitalization and the COVID-19 pandemic under conditions of change in the content of stakeholder conflicts of interest in corporate management.Results. The process of increase in the role of external stakeholders in the reality of contemporary times, as well as the prerequisites for the emergence of a conflict of interests of stakeholders and ways to resolve them in modern conditions, were characterized. The ways to manage the conflict of interests of the corporation stakeholders and the impact of such conflicts on the efficiency of corporate management were analyzed.Conclusions. It has been established that the stronger the coronavirus pandemic impact on conducting business, the more often corporate conflicts take place, the more cases of conflict of interest of corporation stakeholders occur, and, as a result, the choice of ways to resolve them is predetermined. In addition, the active transition to digitalization strengthens the role and influence of external stakeholders, especially regulatory authorities and the public, on corporate management in general and in the context of conflict situations in particular.
Clarke's Local Generalized Nash Equilibria with Nonconvex Coupling Constraints
Authors: Scarabaggio Paolo , Carli Raffaele , Grammatico Sergio , Dotoli Mariagrazia 
Published: June 2022

<p>We consider a class of Nash games with nonconvex coupling constraints where we leverage the theory of tangent cones to define a novel notion of local equilibrium: Clarke's local generalized Nash equilibrium (CL-GNE).</p>
<p>Our first technical contribution is to show the stability of these equilibria on a specific local subset of the original feasible set. </p>
<p>As a second contribution, we show that the proposed notion of local equilibrium can be equivalently formulated as the solution of a quasi-variational inequality, remarkably, with equal Lagrange multipliers. </p>
<p>Next, we define conditions for the existence and uniqueness of the CL-GNE. </p>
<p>To compute such an equilibrium, we propose two discrete-time distributed dynamics, or fixed-point iterations. </p>
<p>Our third technical contribution is to prove convergence under (strongly) monotone assumptions on the pseudo-gradient mapping of the game. </p>
<p>Finally, we apply our theoretical results to a competitive version of the optimal power flow control problem.</p>
<p><br></p>
<p>Paper submitted for publication in <em>IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control</em> -- <a href="http://ieeecss.org/publication/transactions-automatic-control" target="_blank">http://ieeecss.org/publication/transactions-automatic-control</a></p>