bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neurological manifestations in patients with COVID‐19: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Mahdizade Ari Marzie , Mohamadi Mohamad Hosein , Shadab Mehr Negar , Abbasimoghaddam Sajjad , Shekartabar Amirhosein , Heidary Mohsen , Khoshnood Saeed 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe intensification of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) complications, severe symptoms, and high mortality rate has led researchers to focus on this significant issue. While respiratory and cardiac complications have been described as high‐risk manifestations in patients with COVID‐19, neurological complications can also enhance mortality. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of neurological complications arises from SARS‐CoV‐2 and assess the mortality rate from neurological complications.Material and MethodsLiterature review was conducted by searching in PubMed/Medline, Web of Sciences, and Embase. After performing search strategies with relevant terms, a number of articles were excluded, including review articles, systematic review or meta‐analysis, duplicate publication of same researchers, congress abstracts, animal studies, case reports, case series, and articles reporting a history of neurological features prior to COVID‐19 infection. After retrieving the data, statistical analysis was performed using the STATA Version 14 software.ResultsFrom 4455 retrieved publications, 20 articles were selected for further analysis. Among 18,258 included patients, 2791 showed neurological symptoms, which were classified into different groups. Headache, confusion, and fatigue were reported as the most non‐specific neurological features in confirmed COVID‐19 patients. Psychiatric symptoms, CNS disorders, cerebrovascular disorders, CNS inflammatory disorders, PNS disorders, neuromuscular disorders, etc., were defined as specific neurological manifestations. The pooled prevalence of neurological manifestations and mortality rate of COVID‐19 patients with neurological features were estimated to be 23.0% (95% CI: 17.8–29.2) and 29.1% (95% CI: 20.3–39.8), respectively.ConclusionNeurological manifestations may commonly happen in patients with COVID‐19. This study reported a high prevalence of neurological complications and mortality rates in COVID‐19 patients. Therefore, patients with COVID‐19 who indicated neurological symptoms should be taken seriously and should receive early treatment to prevent undesirable events.
An uncommon case of pancreatic adenocarcinoma revealed by dermatitis
Authors: Ben Kridis Wala , Khanfir Afef 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe report a 63‐year‐old‐woman who presented with a pruritic rash on both thighs. Radiologic investigations revealed a pancreatic mass. Pancreatic cancer was confirmed by biopsy and the rash resolved after chemotherapy followed by pancreatoduodenectomy. Urticarial dermatitis is a rare paraneoplastic manifestation of pancreatic cancer in Africa.
Reassessing perennial cover as a driver of duck nest survival in the Prairie Pothole Region
Authors: Pearse Aaron T. , Anteau Michael J. , Post van der Burg Max , Sherfy Mark H. , Buhl Thomas K. , Shaffer Terry L. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractConservation plans designed to sustain North American duck populations prominently feature a key hypothesis stating that the amount of the landscape in perennial cover surrounding upland duck nests positively influences nest survival rates. Recent conflicting research testing this hypothesis creates ambiguity regarding which management actions to pursue and where to prioritize conservation delivery. We compared existing models and new formulations of existing models explaining spatiotemporal variation in nest survival using independent data documenting the fate of >20,000 duck nests within the Drift Prairie, Missouri Coteau, and Prairie Coteau physiographic regions of the United States Prairie Pothole Region during 2002–2018. Our results suggest an inconsistent relationship between perennial cover and survival of upland duck nests, which depended upon physiographic region and current and time‐lagged landscape and environmental conditions. The magnitude and direction of how perennial cover correlated with daily nest survival depended on its dominance as a landcover type. A positive relationship existed when perennial cover was a minor component of landcover in all physiographic regions (<30% of a 10.4‐km2 area) and, in the Drift Prairie and Prairie Coteau, when perennial cover was the dominant landcover type (>60%). A constant or negative relationship was predicted at locations of about 30–60% perennial cover. Additionally, environmental conditions (i.e., density of wetlands and estimated gross primary productivity in the previous year) moderated or enhanced the effect of perennial cover on nest survival, depending on physiographic region. Our finding of inconsistency in the relationship between perennial cover and nest survival contradicts the conservation premise that nest survival universally increases linearly when uplands are converted to perennial cover. Promoting policies and management actions designed to increase perennial cover can be expected to be situationally but not consistently associated with higher survival of upland duck nests.
Patient's perception of exercise for management of chronic low back pain: A qualitative study exercise for the management of low back pain
Authors: Riipinen Perttu , Holmes Michelle , Ogilvie Samantha , Newell Dave , Byfield David , du Rose Alister 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectivePathoanatomical beliefs about the cause of low back pain may negatively influence patients' perceptions of ‘best care’, such as the inclusion of exercise for low back pain (LBP) management. The aims of this study were to explore what patients receiving manual therapy are told and understand about their LBP diagnosis, and how this affects their perceptions regarding the role of exercise in the management of their LBP.DesignAn interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) study design was utilised using semi‐structured telephone interviews of patients who experience persistent LBP and seek care at an outpatient clinic at the University of South Wales. Ten participants were interviewed for the study (six male). Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using an IPA approach.ResultsThree main themes were generated: (1) Constructing explanation of pain. (2) Expectations of exercise within care seeking behaviours. (3) Resolving conflict between exercise and back pain narratives. Participants linked their pain to a pathoanatomical cause, impacting their beliefs on exercise as a treatment approach.ConclusionDiagnostic models used by clinicians which are grounded within a pathoanatomical framework influence patients' perceptions and rationale for exercise. Exercise prescription using contemporary pain science and biopsychosocial approaches should be emphasised in practice and education.
Words are monuments: Patterns in US national park place names perpetuate settler colonial mythologies including white supremacy
Authors: McGill Bonnie M. , Borrelle Stephanie B. , Wu Grace C. , Ingeman Kurt E. , Koch Jonathan Berenguer Uhuad , Barnd Natchee B. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Ecologists, outdoor professionals and the public work and play in lands with complex histories. Part of decolonizing our professional and recreational practices is to expose settler colonial biases and recognize the histories of colonized lands and the peoples who have stewarded these lands for millennia prior to colonization.

To provide a quantitative example of settler colonial biases in a familiar context, we examined the origins of over 2,200 place names in 16 national parks in the United States (US; 26% of the parks). Through iterative thematic analysis of place name origins and meanings, we constructed a decision tree for classifying place names according to emergent categories, which enabled the quantification and spatial analysis of place name meanings.

All national parks examined have place names that tacitly endorse racist or, more specifically, anti‐Indigenous ideologies, thus perpetuating settler colonialism and white supremacy at the system scale for future generations.

Looking east to west across the US, the proportion of place names per national park that appropriated Indigenous names increased in parallel with the westward expansion and evolution of US settler colonialism.

This examination of place names, name origins and their consequences is an opportunity to make everyday complicity in systemic oppression more visible and to more actively advance decolonizing practices for land and language.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Probabilistic failure assessment of oil pipelines due to internal corrosion
Authors: Khakzad Sina , Yang Ming , Lohi Ali , Khakzad Nima 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOil and gas pipelines play a key role in the safe and efficient delivery of energy resources around the world. Crude oil by itself is not corrosive, but oil extracted from geological reservoirs is accompanied by varying amounts of water and acidic gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2), which can form a corrosive combination. Estimating the corrosion rate and depth in pipelines is essential for predicting their failure probability. In the present study, a Bayesian network has been developed for predicting the distribution of corrosion rate in oil pipelines given the point estimates generated using an empirical corrosion simulation model. For this purpose, the simulation model considers corrosion parameters such as pipe diameter, flow temperature, flow velocity, and CO2 partial pressure, among others. With the corrosion rate distribution predicted by the Bayesian network, corrosion depth–rate relationships have been employed to convert the corrosion rate distribution into failure probability distribution.
Population PBPK modeling using parametric and nonparametric methods of the Simcyp Simulator, and Bayesian samplers
Authors: Wedagedera Janak R. , Afuape Anthonia , Chirumamilla Siri Kalyan , Momiji Hiroshi , Leary Robert , Dunlavey Mike , Matthews Richard , Abduljalil Khaled , Jamei Masoud , Bois Frederic Y. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPhysiologically‐based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models usually include a large number of parameters whose values are obtained using in vitro to in vivo extrapolation. However, such extrapolations can be uncertain and may benefit from inclusion of evidence from clinical observations via parametric inference. When clinical interindividual variability is high, or the data sparse, it is essential to use a population pharmacokinetics inferential framework to estimate unknown or uncertain parameters. Several approaches are available for that purpose, but their relative advantages for PBPK modeling are unclear. We compare the results obtained using a minimal PBPK model of a canonical theophylline dataset with quasi‐random parametric expectation maximization (QRPEM), nonparametric adaptive grid estimation (NPAG), Bayesian Metropolis‐Hastings (MH), and Hamiltonian Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling. QRPEM and NPAG gave consistent population and individual parameter estimates, mostly agreeing with Bayesian estimates. MH simulations ran faster than the others methods, which together had similar performance.
Large‐eddy simulation of very stable boundary layers. Part II: Length scales and anisotropy in stratified atmospheric turbulence
Authors: Chinita Maria J. , Matheou Georgios , Miranda Pedro M. A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn very stable boundary layers (SBLs), turbulence is expected to be weak, anisotropic, and non‐stationary. Moreover, viscous effects likely become relevant under very weak‐wind conditions. This study investigates the stratification regimes based on the relative strength of the forces that control the flow (i.e., buoyancy‐ or viscosity‐dominated flow) and the degree of turbulence anisotropy in large‐eddy simulations of the very SBL with weak winds. The simulations explored here correspond to an Ekman‐layer‐type boundary layer with geostrophic winds equal to and 2 ms, and surface cooling rates of 1 and 3 Khr, at high latitude. According to the buoyancy Reynolds number and the horizontal Froude number , these SBLs are in strongly stable conditions (i.e., and ). Moreover, the vertical profiles of indicate that the turbulent flows are in an energetic state near the surface but gradually transition to a viscosity‐affected stratified state in the upper part of the SBL as viscous effects become important. For the most stable simulation, the results show that even the small scales are somewhat affected by buoyancy. The invariant analysis of the Reynolds stress anisotropy tensor shows that the flow is in an anisotropic state and is governed by the streamwise component of the turbulent flux (one‐component turbulence). Additionally, based on the two‐point spatial correlation function, the shape of the large coherent turbulent structures is nearly isotropic in the vertical direction and anisotropic in the horizontal direction, and their size increases with height. The evaluation of the turbulent kinetic energy budget shows that the most stable simulation is in a non‐stationary state, which impacts the turbulence mixing efficiency measured by the flux Richardson number.
Utilizing theory to elucidate the work of creating equity for transformation within the science classroom
Authors: Burgess Terrance , Patterson Williams Alexis 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we outline how science teachers might engage in the work of creating educational equity. While acknowledging the historical inherent inequities associated with issues of access, opportunities to engage in science learning for individuals of marginalized identities (e.g., BIPOC individuals and women), and achievement, we broaden this definition to include social justice as a framework by which we can develop opportunities for the fostering of students' affinity identities with science. To this end, we draw on theorizations of equity within educational research, specifically discussed as excellence, equality, fairness, a zero‐sum game, and most recently, social justice. Additionally, we utilize McKinney de Royston and Nasir's (2017) Racialized Learning Ecologies framework. This framework provides a useful lens to notice the layers of (in)equity within education. We then extend this ecological model into science education and present three lenses (i.e., layers) through which equity operates within science teaching and learning. We conclude with a discussion of the practical implications of doing the work of equity, that is, recognizing, interpreting, and redressing inequity in science classrooms. Ultimately, we provide an actionable definition of equity that has the potential to facilitate transformative and socially just science teaching and learning.
Separation of enantiomers by open‐tubular capillary electrochromatography using (R)‐1,1′‐bi‐2‐naphthol derivatives as chiral stationary phases
Authors: He Li‐Xiao , Tang Ming‐Hua , Qin Gai‐Zhao , Zi Min , Yuan Li‐Ming 
Published: April 2022

Abstract(R)‐1,1′‐Bi‐2‐naphthol is a kind of commonly used chiral molecule that has been widely applied in the fields of molecular recognition, materials, and asymmetric synthesis. Since there are few examples of utilizing (R)‐1,1′‐bi‐2‐naphthol derivatives used as stationary phases to resolve chiral compounds by capillary electrochromatography, three The (R)‐1,1′‐bi‐2‐naphthol derivatives were synthesized and used as stationary phases to fabricate capillary columns for chiral separation. Some of the experimental parameters for enantiomer separations were optimized. the columns exhibited good enantioselectivity for chiral alcohols, amines, ketones, and so forth. The relative standard deviation of enantiomer retention time in run‐to‐run, day‐to‐day and column‐to‐column experiments were 1.02, 4.45 and 5.60% using the (R)‐(3,3′‐di‐p‐cyanophenyl)‐2,2′‐dimethoxyl‐1,1′‐binaphthalene coated column, and 2.38, 3.20 and 4.94% using the (R)‐(3,3′‐di‐p‐acetylphenyl)‐2,2′‐dimethoxy‐1,1′‐binaphthalene coated column. The results indicated that the (R)‐1,1′‐bi‐2‐naphthol derivatives may have utility in capillary electrochromatography.
Moyamoya disease: A human model for chronic hypoperfusion and intervention in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Zou Xiang , Yuan Yifan , Liao Yujun , Jiang Conglin , Zhao Fan , Ding Ding , Gu Yuxiang , Chen Liang , Chu Ying‐Hua , Hsu Yi‐Cheng , Liebig Patrick Alexander , Xu Bin , Mao Ying 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionChronic cerebral hypoperfusion has been considered the etiology for sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, no valid clinical evidence exists due to the similar risk factors between cerebrovascular disease and AD.MethodsWe used moyamoya disease (MMD) as a model of chronic hypoperfusion and cognitive impairment, without other etiology interference.ResultsBased on the previous reports and preliminary findings, we hypothesized that chronic cerebral hypoperfusion could be an independent upstream crucial variable, resulting in AD, and induce pathological hallmarks such as amyloid beta peptide and hyperphosphorylated tau accumulation.DiscussionTimely intervention with revascularisation would help reverse the brain damage with AD hallmarks and lead to cognitive improvement.
Marine n‐3 fatty acids and cognitive change among older adults in the VITAL randomized trial
Authors: Kang Jae H. , Vyas Chirag M. , Okereke Olivia I. , Ogata Soshiro , Albert Michelle , Lee I‐Min , D'Agostino Denise , Buring Julie E. , Cook Nancy R. , Grodstein Francine , Manson JoAnn E. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroduction: Few large, randomized trials have evaluated marine n‐3 supplements and cognition in healthy older adults.Methods: Healthy community‐dwelling participants aged 60+ years (mean [standard deviation] = 70.9 [5.8] years) in VITAL (randomized trial of n‐3 fats [1 g/day, including 840 mg of eicosapentaenoic acid + docosahexaenoic acid] and vitamin D) were included: 3424 whose cognition was assessed by phone (VITAL‐Cog; eight neuropsychological tests; 2.8 years) and 794 evaluated in person (CTSC‐Cog; nine tests; 2.0 years). The primary outcome was a global score (average of test z‐scores) of change over two assessments. We used multivariable‐adjusted linear mixed models; substudy‐specific results were meta‐analyzed.Results: We observed no significant effect of n‐3 supplementation: the mean difference in annual rate of cognitive change for the n‐3 versus placebo group was –0.01 standard units (95% confidence interval [CI]: –0.02, 0.003) in VITAL‐Cog and –0.002 (95% CI: –0.04, 0.03) in CTSC‐Cog; the pooled difference was –0.01 (95% CI: –0.02, 0.003; P = .15).Discussion: Marine n‐3 supplementation (1 g/day) did not confer cognitive benefits over 2 to 3 years in community‐dwelling older adults.
Order and disorder in the modulated phase hp‐Mg9Ge5.1
Authors: Akselrud Lev , Prots Yurii , Hübner Julia‐Maria , Burkhardt Ulrich , Schnelle Walter , Grin Yuri , Schwarz Ulrich 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSingle crystals of Mg9Ge5.1(2) were obtained at a pressure of 5 GPa in the temperature range 723 to 1273 K. The metastable high‐pressure phase exhibits a crystal structure, which may be described as a host‐guest variety of an UCl3‐type framework. The atomic arrangement is characterized by a host crystal structure Mg9Ge3 with disordered germanium guests (≈2 Ge per formula unit) in the channels. The composite arrangement undergoes incommensurate modulation. Upon heating at ambient pressure, the phase transforms into the thermodynamically stable compounds Mg2Ge and Ge at 496(5) K. Measurements of the magnetic susceptibility indicate diamagnetic behavior between 75 and 350 K.
Structural, magnetic and magnetoelectric properties of Co2Fe2Ta2O9, a TN=53 K honeycomb antiferromagnet
Authors: Maignan Antoine , Martin Christine 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe bimetallic oxides of general M4M’2O9 formula, where M=Fe, Co, Mn and M’=Nb or Ta, form a family of linear magnetoelectric materials, for which properties depend on the nature of the M,M’ pair. In the present study, the structural, magnetic and magnetoelectric properties of a new member, Co2Fe2Ta2O9, synthesized in polycrystalline form, are reported. This compound crystallizing in the P‐3c1 trigonal ‘429’ structure (a=5.2009 (1) Å, c=14.1986(1) Å and V=332.613(2) Å3) is found to be antiferromagnetic below TN=53 K. Although the structural features are intermediate between the Co4Ta2O9 and Fe4Ta2O9 limit members, a very different magnetoelectric behaviour is observed. In order to reveal the differences between M4M’2O9 with M=Fe or Co or mixed and M’=Ta or Nb, a comparison between these six compounds is proposed.
Suicide in the Transport System
Authors: Andersson Anna-Lena , Svensson Kenneth 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe Swedish Transport Administration (STA) work to reduce the number of suicides in the transport system. Fatalities, i.e., on roads, railways, and bridges, originate from either accidents or suicides, natural death excluded. Knowing the correct manner of death is needed to work with optimal prevention strategies. The aims are to separate fatalities due to suicides, follow the development, and implement measures for suicide prevention. Methods are developed for suicide classification and criteria for the selection in which suicides were suspected. Fatalities in level one and two of five were classified as suicides. Data from the STA’s databases are used and so are data from the psychosocial investigations done by a trained investigator in the topic and with clinical experience from counselling at hospitals. 2129 persons died on the roads in Sweden, 10% (206 persons) were classified as suicides. 336 persons died after being hit by trains, 85% (284 persons) were suicides. 130 persons died by jumping from bridges.The number of suicides increases with population density. Suicide in the transport system is a major problem; firstly personal tragedies, it is also a work environment problem for truck and train drivers and for the emergency staff. It generates delays and costs for passenger and cargo transport. By analyzing the results of countermeasures in the form of obstructive barriers, the physical environment can be improved and high-risk areas can be accentuated. Restricting access to the means of suicide is important in suicide prevention. Strategies for the STA include suicide prevention in the design of new roads, railways, and bridges, as well as by identifying and reducing existing high-risk locations. Sharing the results with other authorities and organizations and cooperation within suicide prevention missions are vital for the enhancement of the overall suicide prevention work in society.
Mathematical Approaches for Contemporary Materials Science: Addressing Defects in the Microstructure
Authors: Le Bris Claude 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe overview a series of mathematical works that introduce new modeling and computational approaches for non-periodic materials and media. The approaches consider various types of defects embedded in a periodic structure, which can be either deterministic or random in nature. A portfolio of possible computational techniques addressing the identification of the homogenized properties of the material or the determination of the actual multi-scale solution is presented.