bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arkeologi langs Hålogalandsvegen
Authors: Bruun Inga Malene , Oppvang Janne 
Published: September 2022

«Arkeologi langs Hålogalandsvegen» er det største arkeologiske prosjektet noensinne i Nord-Norge. I løpet av tre feltsesonger skal alle kulturminnene som vil bli berørt av den planlagte Hålogalandsvegen undersøkes. Statens Vegvesen er tiltakshaver. Sommeren 2021 var andre feltsesong, og 17 av i alt 32 lokaliteter ble undersøkt. Om lag halvparten av lokalitetene var fra eldre steinalder. Blant annet ferdigstilte vi arbeidet på den store boplassen Solli som ble påbegynt i 2020. Videre undersøkte vi Haukebø 2, en lokalitet som tydelig viser at fiske og utnytting av maritime ressurser sto sentralt. På Gausvik 5 så vi for oss noe lignende, men her var kun noen få steinalderfunn mens resten var fra jernalder. Lenger sør lå Forvikneset og Forvika like ved hverandre. Forvikneset kan en gang ha vært en stor lokalitet, men størsteparten har blitt fjernet i nyere tid. På Forvika var det spor av en teltboplass og muligens en tuft. Vår så langt eldste lokaltitet er Årbogen 1, noe som viste seg å være en liten teltboplass.De resterende lokalitetene som ble gravd, var ulike typer samiske kulturminner som dateres til middelalder og nyere tid. På Kåringskrysset ble arbeidet med å undersøke de to tuftene påbegynt, men de var langt mer komplekse enn antatt og i tillegg fant vi tre tufter til, så dette arbeidet fortsettes i 2022. På Nesset Kobbenesset undersøkte vi det som viste seg å være en smietuft. I Hamna og Bømark ble tre steingjerder dokumentert, mens vi på Kvitnes Middagshaugen gravde en teltboplass. Fredheim 1 og 2, Kistholmbukta og Sommarset viste seg og ikke være automatisk fredete samiske kulturminner.
Improving Birth Registration Using the Health System: A Case Study from Somali Region of Ethiopia
Authors: Olusola Oladeji , Farah Abdifatah Elmi , Aden Bukhari Sheik , Oladeji Anjola , Issack Adam , Mohamed Juweria , Robins Ann , Elabe Mohamed , Mohammed Abdifatah Ali 
Published: September 2022

Birth registration is the process by which the event and characteristics of a child’s birth are recorded in a country’s civil registry. Ethiopia has one of the lowest levels of civil registration in general globally, and of birth registration in particular with only 3 per cent of children under the age 5 registered with civil authorities. In Somali Region of Ethiopia, only 1% of children under 5 have their births registered. A major gap identified in the civil registration system in Ethiopia is the linkage between the health and the civil registration sectors with most children delivered at the health facilities or in the communities not appropriately registered. This case study used qualitative and quantitative methods to describe the process and outcome of a pilot project on improving birth registration using the health system (health facilities and the community health structures) in 2 project woredas (districts) in Somali region of Ethiopia where no birth had been registered more than five years prior the pilot.
Within the one-year study period, all 577 births assisted by health extension workers were provided with birth notification slips and 795 (98%) newborns have their birth registered and received birth certificates out of 809 total births reported in the project sites. The study demonstrated the effectiveness of health workers and community structure (mentor mothers) through their community sensitization and mobilization and active reporting process in facilitating registration of births in the civil registration system.
Impact of Serum Vitamin D Status on the Outcome of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Neonates
Authors: Ayad Hebat Allah Mohammad , El-Mahdy Heba Said , Mabrouk Maaly Mohammad , Ibrahim Ashraf Mohammed 
Published: September 2022

Objectives: The aim of this work was to study the status of serum vitamin D level on the outcome of ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) in neonates.
Methods: This prospective cohort study was carried out on 60 intubated neonates with gestational age > 32 weeks and ventilated for more than 48 h and included two groups, VAP group (n=30) and non-VAP group (n=30). Serum 25-hydroxy Vit D was tested at the start of mechanical ventilation, while blood culture and endotracheal culture were obtained after 2 days of mechanical ventilation and when VAP was suspected.
Results: The mean serum level of vitamin D in VAP group was statistically significantly lower than non-VAP group. Also, the total duration of mechanical ventilation, duration of O2 supplementation post extubation and duration of hospital stay were statistically significantly longer in VAP group. Although the mortality was higher in neonates developed VAP, it didn’t achieve a statistically significant difference. A cut off value of ≤17.35 ng/ml of serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D showed a sensitivity of 83.33%, specificity of 100% and area under curve (AUC) was 0.895 to predict neonatal VAP.
Conclusion: 25-hydroxy vitamin D deficiency is an important risk factor for VAP development in neonates, and low vitamin D levels is associated with significant longer duration of mechanical ventilation, post extubation O2 support and hospital stay in neonates with VAP.
Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Their Management by Antioxidants
Authors: Koteeswaran K. , Keerthana N. 
Published: September 2022

For normal cell functioning generation of ATP is very important, and it is produced by mitochondria, and they also an important organelle. When sometimes mitochondrial dysfunction occur produces high energy will be demanded, and it is critical for cells such as signal transmission between neuronal cells and also affects cardiomyocytes. Mitochondria and their role to act as power house of the cell and through reactive oxygen species they transmit signaling between molecule and also determination of cellular fate. But sometimes the reactive oxygen species generated more that time, for maintaining normal homeostatic mitochondrial function rapid activation of antioxidant defense system that is required by mitochondrial electron transport. But that time antioxidant defense system is not responded properly or absent that cause mitochondrial dysfunction is occurred at that time they produce degenerative diseases in human beings that is nervous system, and they significantly contribute to produce a cardiac pathology because mitochondria are more abundant in cardiac tissues due to mitochondrial dysfunction, and also they are involved in lung related diseases that is asbestos, lung cancer, chronic airway disease and lung fibrosis. When compared to nuclear DNA the mitochondrial DNA is more sensitive to oxidants because they encode the mitochondrial proteins. When damages to mitochondrial DNA, that case impairment occurs in electron transport chain and potential loss in mitochondrial membrane. In this review I concluded that by, oxidative stress induced mitochondrial dysfunction produced lung related heart related and neurological related disease and their one of the way of prevention is by antioxidant induced mitochondrial biogenesis.
Predictors and Outcome of in-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Patients in Emergency Department Suez Canal University Hospitals
Authors: Elnaggar Mohamed Ragab , Zeid Ahmed El Sayed Abou , Elhadary Ghada Kamal , Ahmed Rasha Mahmoud 
Published: September 2022

Background: In-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) is defined as cessation of cardiac activity, confirmed by the absence of signs of circulation, in a hospitalized patient who had a pulse at the time of admission. The purpose of the present study was to record the definitive predictors of IHCA, focusing on the relation between cause and outcome as well as the influence of location on survival.
Subjects and Methods: This prospective observational study (cross sectional) was carried out in Emergency Department at Suez Canal University Hospital and included 223 patients experiencing IHCA at the Emergency Department (ED).
Results: Our study showed return of spontanous circulation (ROSC) rate of 27.4%, which is lower than those reported in other studies from the region. In our study, we found that the overall mean duration for comprehensive cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was 21 min (SD ± 10).We found that Pulse, RR, BP, Witnessed and advanced life support (ALS) interventions at time of event were significant positive predictors to ROSC with patients while age, modified early warning score (MEWS), Interval between collapse to start CPR and CPR duration were negative predictors to cognitive impairment with diabetic patients.
Conclusions: IHCA can be predicted using different variable related to patients vital data, laboratories, radiological investigations and patient demographic data which helps in predicting and modifying the outcome in limited situations.
Waterborne Coatings Encapsulating Living Nitrifying Bacteria for Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Chen Yuxiu , Krings Simone , Beale Alexia M. J. M. , Guo Bing , Hingley‐Wilson Suzanne , Keddie Joseph L. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBiofilm bioreactors are attracting growing interest in the wastewater industry, as they allow higher cell densities and thus higher reaction rates compared to conventional bioreactors. However, some commonly used nitrifying bacteria, such as Nitrosomonas europaea, are slow‐growing and need a prolonged period of time to develop a mature biofilm. Here, a biocoating or “living paint” is introduced, which is a synthetic biofilm made from a colloidal polymer (synthetic latex) binder encapsulating viable nitrifying bacteria at high density. Conventionally, the film formation of biocoatings is achieved by drying a bacteria/latex mixture. However, this fabrication is detrimental to the viability of the encapsulated bacteria because of the osmotic stress induced by desiccation. A nondesiccating film formation process is presented for biocoatings, which exploits two colloid science phenomena: coagulation and wet sintering. Desiccation‐sensitive, nitrifying bacteria are employed in the biocoatings to convert NH4+ to NO2− and then NO3−. These biocoatings have a conversion rate (NO2− and NO3− production) of 3 mg N g−1 d−1 that is five times higher than in conventionally desiccated biocoatings. The reactivity continues over a period of 1 month. The processing method for these living paints is transformative for wastewater treatment and other applications using delicate, desiccation‐sensitive microorganisms.
Surface Energy‐Mediated Self‐Catalyzed CsPbBr3 Nanowires for Phototransistors
Authors: Li Dengji , Meng You , Zheng Yini , Xie Pengshan , Kang Xiaolin , Lai Zhengxun , Bu Xiuming , Wang Wei , Wang Weijun , Chen Furong , Liu Chuntai , Lan Changyong , Yip SenPo , Ho Johnny C. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractControllable self‐catalyzed growth of semiconductor nanowires (NWs) is of great importance, particularly to avoid impurities coming from foreign catalysts to deteriorate the NW properties. Although this catalyst‐free NW growth has many obvious advantages, there are very limited works focused on all‐inorganic CsPbBr3 perovskite NWs, which is one of the recent champion materials for electronics and optoelectronics. Here, a direct self‐catalyzed synthesis of freestanding CsPbBr3 NWs via vapor–liquid–solid growth mechanism by chemical vapor deposition is developed. Notably, mainipulation of the substrate surface roughness is the key enabling parameter for the self‐catalyzed NW growth here. It is revealed that the surface energy of substrates, modulated by its surface roughness, is found to effectively mediate the self‐catalytic growth of CsPbBr3 NWs. When configured into photodetectors, the intrinsic p‐type CsPbBr3 NWs exhibit good optoelectronic performance with a photoresponivity of ≈2000 A W−1, a detectivity of ≈2.57 × 1012 Jones, and a fast response down to 362 µs. All these results evidently indicate the technological potential of this self‐catalyzed synthesizing route for other high‐quality all‐inorganic perovskite NWs.
An Emerging Mineral‐Based Dielectric Material: Intrinsic Dielectric Properties and Modulated
Authors: Liang Xiaozheng , Xie Weimin , Ren Yangjun , Yang Huaming 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHigh energy density polymer nanocomposites reinforced with high dielectric constant ferroelectric nanoparticles exhibit great potential for energy storage applications in modern electronic and electrical systems. However, further improvements in the Ue of polymer nanocomposites with a higher breakdown strength (Eb) is of utmost importance. Tuning the permittivity from the filler center to the surrounding matrix in composites can alleviate local charge concentrations. Here, a gradient dielectric constant buffer layer is constructed via induced selectively titanium dioxide is inserted into the multilayer aluminosilicate. This gradient‐structured buffer layer remarkably weakened the charge density around the ferroelectric particles, which gave rise to high breakdown strength and increased the energy density of the polymer nanocomposites. Furthermore, the density functional theory (DFT) calculation reveals an active charge transfer between buffer layer and poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene). The space charge density distribution is simulated via finite element methods to verify the experimental dielectric breakdown results in the nanocomposite films. Therefore, this work provides a new strategy to balance the coupling relationship between energy density and breakdown strength.
Credibility crisis in agricultural economics
Authors: Ferraro Paul J. , Shukla Pallavi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe provide empirical evidence of research practices that can undermine the credibility of empirical research in agricultural economics. We find that, in four popular journals, most studies are underpowered, a characteristic that, when coupled with publication bias, yields unreliable and exaggerated effect sizes. This problem is exacerbated by selective reporting of statistically significant results and multiple hypothesis testing without any adjustments to statistical inferences. Survey respondents self‐report engaging in practices that are consistent with these empirical findings. Addressing these problems in agricultural economics will require that editors, reviewers, and donors change the norms and incentives for authors.
Relationship of serum beta‐synuclein with blood biomarkers and brain atrophy
Authors: Oeckl Patrick , Anderl‐Straub Sarah , Danek Adrian , Diehl‐Schmid Janine , Fassbender Klaus , Fliessbach Klaus , Halbgebauer Steffen , Huppertz Hans‐Jürgen , Jahn Holger , Kassubek Jan , Kornhuber Johannes , Landwehrmeyer Bernhard , Lauer Martin , Prudlo Johannes , Schneider Anja , Schroeter Matthias L. , Steinacker Petra , Volk Alexander E. , Wagner Matias , Winkelmann Juliane , Wiltfang Jens , Ludolph Albert C. , Otto Markus ,   for the FTLD Consortium
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundRecent data support beta‐synuclein as a blood biomarker to study synaptic degeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD).MethodsWe provide a detailed comparison of serum beta‐synuclein immunoprecipitation – mass spectrometry (IP‐MS) with the established blood markers phosphorylated tau 181 (p‐tau181) (Simoa) and neurofilament light (NfL) (Ella) in the German FTLD consortium cohort (n = 374) and its relation to brain atrophy (magnetic resonance imaging) and cognitive scores.ResultsSerum beta‐synuclein was increased in AD but not in frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) syndromes. Beta‐synuclein correlated with atrophy in temporal brain structures and was associated with cognitive impairment. Serum p‐tau181 showed the most specific changes in AD but the lowest correlation with structural alterations. NfL was elevated in all diseases and correlated with frontal and temporal brain atrophy.DiscussionSerum beta‐synuclein changes differ from those of NfL and p‐tau181 and are strongly related to AD, most likely reflecting temporal synaptic degeneration. Beta‐synuclein can complement the existing panel of blood markers, thereby providing information on synaptic alterations.Highlights
Blood beta‐synuclein is increased in Alzheimer's disease (AD) but not in frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) syndromes.
Blood beta‐synuclein correlates with temporal brain atrophy in AD.
Blood beta‐synuclein correlates with cognitive impairment in AD.
The pattern of blood beta‐synuclein changes in the investigated diseases is different to phosphorylated tau 181 (p‐tau181) and neurofilament light (NfL).
Nonfragile robust exponential stabilization of nonlinear uncertain switched systems with actuator saturation
Authors: Wang Jianlin , Zhang Xinquan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFor nonlinear uncertain switched systems, the problem of how to overcome the controller vulnerability is studied when the actuator saturation is considered. The sufficient condition for guaranteeing nonfragile robust exponential stabilization of the system is derived by using the method of minimum dwell time. Then, a switching law and the nonfragile state feedback controllers are designed such that the closed‐loop system can be robustly exponentially stabilized at the origin. Next, when some scalar parameters of the closed‐loop system are given, the design issue of the nonfragile state feedback controllers, which aim at enlarging the estimation of domain of attraction for closed‐loop system, is transformed into a convex optimization issue with linear matrix inequalities (LMI) constraints. Finally, an example is given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
An update on the molecular biology of glioblastoma, with clinical implications and progress in its treatment
Authors: Verdugo Elena , Puerto Iker , Medina Miguel Ángel 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGlioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive and common malignant primary brain tumor. Patients with GBM often have poor prognoses, with a median survival of ∼15 months. Enhanced understanding of the molecular biology of central nervous system tumors has led to modifications in their classifications, the most recent of which classified these tumors into new categories and made some changes in their nomenclature and grading system. This review aims to give a panoramic view of the last 3 years’ findings in glioblastoma characterization, its heterogeneity, and current advances in its treatment. Several molecular parameters have been used to achieve an accurate and personalized characterization of glioblastoma in patients, including epigenetic, genetic, transcriptomic and metabolic features, as well as age‐ and sex‐related patterns and the involvement of several noncoding RNAs in glioblastoma progression. Astrocyte‐like neural stem cells and outer radial glial‐like cells from the subventricular zone have been proposed as agents involved in GBM of IDH‐wildtype origin, but this remains controversial. Glioblastoma metabolism is characterized by upregulation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, promotion of the glycolytic flux, maintenance of lipid storage, and other features. This metabolism also contributes to glioblastoma's resistance to conventional therapies. Tumor heterogeneity, a hallmark of GBM, has been shown to affect the genetic expression, modulation of metabolic pathways, and immune system evasion. GBM's aggressive invasion potential is modulated by cell‐to‐cell crosstalk within the tumor microenvironment and altered expressions of specific genes, such asANXA2,GBP2,FN1,PHIP, andGLUT3. Nevertheless, the rising number of active clinical trials illustrates the efforts to identify new targets and drugs to treat this malignancy. Immunotherapy is still relevant for research purposes, given the amount of ongoing clinical trials based on this strategy to treat GBM, and neoantigen and nucleic acid‐based vaccines are gaining importance due to their antitumoral activity by inducing the immune response. Furthermore, there are clinical trials focused on the PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis, angiogenesis, and tumor heterogeneity for developing molecular‐targeted therapies against GBM. Other strategies, such as nanodelivery and computational models, may improve the drug pharmacokinetics and the prognosis of patients with GBM.
Pediatric Early Warning Systems (PEWS) improve provider‐family communication from the provider perspective in pediatric cancer patients experiencing clinical deterioration
Authors: Gillipelli Srinithya R. , Kaye Erica C. , Garza Marcela , Ferrara Gia , Rodriguez Mario , Soberanis Vasquez Dora Judith , Mendez Aceituno Alejandra , Antillón‐Klussmann Federico , Gattuso Jami S. , Mandrell Belinda N. , Baker Justin N. , Rodriguez‐Galindo Carlos , Agulnik Asya , Graetz Dylan E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundCommunication between providers and patients' families is an integral part of clinical care. Family concern is a validated component of Pediatric Early Warning Systems (PEWS); however, little is known about the impact of PEWS on provider‐family communication.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with 83 ward and Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) providers involved in the care of patients with deterioration at two pediatric oncology hospitals of different resource levels: St. Jude Children's Research Hospital (n = 42) in the United States and Unidad Nacional de Oncología Pediátrica (UNOP, n = 41) in Guatemala. Interviews were conducted in the participants' native language (English or Spanish), transcribed, and translated into English. Transcripts were coded by two researchers and analyzed for thematic content surrounding family communication and concern.ResultsAll participants recognized patients' families as a valuable part of the care team, particularly during events requiring escalation of care. Perceived barriers to communication included limited time spent at the bedside, and, at UNOP, language and literacy challenges which occasionally limited providers' ability to assess family concern and involve families in patient care. Despite these barriers, providers perceived PEWS improved communication by facilitating more interaction with families, allowing for relationship‐building, anticipatory guidance, and destigmatization of the PICU. PEWS assessments also allowed families to contribute to identification of deterioration.ConclusionsPEWS improve the quality of communication between providers and families by providing more opportunities for interaction, building relationships, and trust. These findings further support the use of PEWS in the care of children with cancer in hospitals of all resource‐levels.
Deregulation of PRDM5 promotes cell proliferation by regulating JAK/STAT signaling pathway through SOCS1 in human lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Ren Yuanyuan , Wang Ye , Fang Lijiao , Ma Mengchu , Ge Lin , Su Chao , Xin Lingbiao , He Jinyan , Yang Jie , Liu Xin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundPRDM5 is considered a tumor suppressor in several types of solid tumors and is involved in multiple cellular processes. However, target genes regulated by PRDM5 in lung cancer and its potential mechanism are poorly defined.MethodsSurvival analysis was conducted using Kaplan‐Meier estimates based on the online databases. RNA‐sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were performed to identify the differentially expressed genes in PRDM5‐overexpressed A549 cells.ResultsWe observed deregulated PRDM5 in several lung adenocarcinoma cell lines and its association with a poor prognosis. PRDM5 overexpression inhibited the proliferation of lung adenocarcinoma cells in vitro and suppressed tumor growth in a xenograft model. PRDM5 upregulated the promoter activity of SOCS1, which then inhibited the phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3.ConclusionsOur study suggests that the low expression of PRDM5 promotes the proliferation of lung adenocarcinoma cells by downregulating SOCS1 and then upregulating the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.