bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A large colonic polyp: an atypical presentation of follicular lymphoma
Authors: Rezkalla Abraam , Rajab Islam , Orhun Nagihan , Musallam Alaa , Villegas Katrina , Nouri Ahmad 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Follicular lymphoma of the gastrointestinal tract is a rare entity accounting for &lt;7% of all non-Hodgkin lymphomas and is more common in the small intestine, whereas colorectal manifestations account for only 1%–2% of the cases. Most patients have limited disease with promising overall survival in comparison to nodal lymphoma although the morphologic, immunophenotypic, and genetic aspects of nodal follicular lymphomas remain the same. Despite the lack of randomized clinical trials, chemotherapy is frequently used to treat NCCN grade III and IV colonic follicular lymphomas with favorable prognosis. We hereby present a case of follicular lymphoma of the colon that was treated conservatively with a successful outcome.
COVID-19 infection and the progression of kidney disease in British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Atiquzzaman Mohammad , Er Lee , Djurdjev Ognjenka , Zheng Yuyan , Wong Michelle M Y , Birks Peter C , Bevilacqua Micheli U , Yau Kevin , Hladunewich Michelle A , Oliver Matthew J , Levin Adeera 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
We investigated the long-term effect of COVID-19 on eGFR trajectory and the association with progression to kidney failure in patients with CKD.

Methods
Patients living with non-dialysis dependent CKD from British Columbia, Canada infected with COVID-19 (cases) were matched 1:2 to non-COVID-19 infected controls on variables including pre-COVID-19 annual rate of eGFR decline. Patients were followed from 90 days from the date of COVID-19 diagnosis. The Cox proportional hazards model was used for the primary outcome of kidney failure defined as a composite of eGFR reaching &lt;15 ml/min/1.73m2, initiation of maintenance dialysis, or kidney transplantation. A linear mixed regression model was used to calculate the annual rate of change in eGFR.

Results
The study included 802 patients, 268 cases and 534 controls. Median age was 70 years and 54% were male. Over ∼3 years of follow up, the risk of developing kidney failure did not differ significantly between cases and controls. The annual rate of eGFR decline was -2.05 ml/min/1.73m2 among cases versus -1.35 ml/min/1.73m2 among controls representing a rate difference of 0.71 ml/min/1.73m2 (p-value= 0.02).

Conclusion
In patients with non-dialysis dependent CKD who survived at least 90 days without requiring dialysis, COVID-19 was not associated with an increased long-term risk of kidney failure over three years, but was associated with a greater annual decline in eGFR. Future research with longer follow-up is required to examine if this difference persists and leads to increased risk for kidney failure.
Boosting the Li-O2 pouch cell beyond 860 Wh kg−1 by an O2-enriched localized high-concentration electrolyte
Authors: Wen Zhang , Liu Yiwen , Li Kaiwen , Yang Sixie , Zhou Haoshen , He Ping 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Lithium-oxygen batteries (LOBs) are considered to be the next generation of high specific energy storage devices. To improve the practical specific energy, LOBs typically require thick cathode electrodes to achieve higher areal capacity. However, due to the inefficient O2 diffusion within the electrolyte-flooded thick cathodes, the practical discharge capacity of LOBs is significantly lower than their ultra-high theoretical value. Herein, we propose a strategy to solve the problem of limited O2 diffusion in thick cathodes of LOBs by applying an O2-enriched localized high-concentration electrolyte (LHCE). With a thick cathode (10 mg cm−2), LOBs based on this O2-enriched LHCE deliver impressive discharge capacities of 50.4 mAh cm−2, 27.1 mAh cm−2 and 20.3 mAh cm−2 at current densities of 0.1 mA cm−2, 0.3 mA cm−2 and 0.5 mA cm−2, respectively. The discharge product Li2O2 is homogeneously distributed within the thick cathode due to the enhanced O2 diffusion conferred by the O2-enriched LHCE, indicating that the products storage space of the thick cathode is more efficiently utilized. Besides, the O2-enriched LHCE-based LOBs derive a stable SEI to protect the Li anode from O2 corrosion. Additionally, a pioneering primary Li-O2 pouch cell with the O2-enriched LHCE achieves an exceptional specific energy of 860.6 Wh kg−1 (based on the total pouch cell weight), providing a promising technical pathway for the practical application of LOBs.
Spin regulated Fe-N-C catalyst enabled by adjusting coordination nitrogen species for robust oxygen reduction
Authors: Wang Ning , Meng Chao , Wang Bin , Tan Xiaojie , Wan Yi , Yang Yang , Kong Deyu , Wang Wanli , Cao Fengliang , Fielding Alistair J , Li Lina , Wu Mingbo , Hu Han 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The Fe-N-C catalysts emerge as a promising substitute for the expensive Pt/C to boost the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However, the conventional Fe-N4 active sites, which generally feature a low-spin configuration, strongly adsorb oxygen intermediates and necessitate structural optimization of the active sites for improved performance. Herein, graphitic nitrogen (NGC) adjacent to the Fe-N4 centers is straightforwardly introduced to modulate the spin state of Fe-N-C catalysts after elucidating the influence of nitrogen species on the Fe-N4 sites. Theoretical calculations demonstrate that the adjacent NGC can effectively regulate the spin state of the active Fe sites, which enables the electron filling from Fe to anti-bonding π* orbital of oxygen species and optimizes the *OH desorption for accelerated ORR. Based on this inspiration, such catalysts are cost-effectively prepared by a rational combination of electrospinning and controlled thermal annealing using inexpensive precursors. The optimal catalyst shows superior ORR activity to the benchmark Pt/C, and excellent durability with a minor voltage decay of 11 mV after 10,000 cycles, where the spin-state promoted performance-enhancement is confirmed by a series of in-situ characterizations. The remarkable performance of the optimized catalyst is further confirmed in Zn-air batteries (ZABs) with a peak power density of 225 mW cm−2. Moreover, quasi-solid ZABs using this catalyst realize excellent performance even under bending conditions and successfully power electronic devices, including a mobile phone and an electronic watch. This work correlates the spin state of catalysts and oxygen reduction performance, providing an alternative strategy for regulating the performance of electrocatalysts as well as promoting their application for wearable electronics.
How pore formation in complex biological membranes is governed by lipid composition, mechanics, and lateral sorting
Authors: Starke Leonhard J , Allolio Christoph , Hub Jochen S 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The primary function of biological membranes is to enable compartmentalization among cells and organelles. Loss of integrity by the formation of membrane pores would trigger uncontrolled depolarization or influx of toxic compounds, posing a fatal threat to living cells. How the lipid complexity of biological membranes enables mechanical stability against pore formation while, simultaneously, allowing for ongoing membrane remodeling is largely enigmatic. We performed molecular dynamics simulations of eight complex lipid membranes including the plasma membrane and membranes of the organelles ER, Golgi, lysosome, and mitochondrion. To quantify the mechanical stability of these membranes, we computed the free energy of transmembrane pore nucleation as well as the line tension of the rim of open pores. Our simulations reveal that complex biological membranes are remarkably stable, however, with the plasma membrane standing out as exceptionally stable, which aligns with its crucial role as a protective layer. We observe that sterol content is a key regulator for biomembrane stability, and that lateral sorting among lipid mixtures influences the energetics of membrane pores. A comparison of 25 model membranes with varying sterol content, tail length, tail saturation, and head group type shows that the pore nucleation free energy is mostly associated with the lipid tilt modulus, whereas the line tension along the pore rim is determined by the lipid intrinsic curvature. Together, our study provides an atomistic and energetic view on the role of lipid complexity in biomembrane stability.
Natural radionuclides baseline in soil at unconventional oil fields in Mexico
Authors: Hernandez-Mendez Beatriz , Carranza Arturo Angeles , Suarez-Contreras Sergio , Quintero Ponce Esperanza , Robles Mario Barcenas , Sanchez Meza Juan Carlos , Gutierrez Segura Edith Erielia , Balcazar Miguel 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Activity concentration of 238 U and 232Th and their decay products are assessed in soil at three hydrocarbon zones to determine the baseline before further fracking studies. The range of activity concentration for the three zones was 238U (from 9.2 ± 0.5 to 115.8 ± 7.5) Bq kg−1, 228Ra (from 8.3 ± 2.0 to 50.0 ± 4.4) Bq kg−1 and 226Ra (from 24.1 ± 2.3 to 86.8 ± 4.7) Bq kg−1; which are comparable to the global average values reported by UNSCEAR in soil. Similar activity-concentration patterns for 238U decay series and 232Th decay series for the three zones indicate no previous industrial action. This baseline is useful to assess a possible enrichment of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials if industrial activities take place in the future.
Pediatric antiphospholipid syndrome: expanding our understanding of antiphospholipid syndrome in children
Authors: Lewis Kevin , Tambralli Ajay , Madison Jacqueline A. 
Published: February 2025

Purpose of review
Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune, thromboinflammatory disease, which affects children and adults. There are particular features of the disease and nuances to diagnosis and management in a pediatric population, which must be appreciated to improve clinical care.

Recent findings
Pediatric-specific epidemiological studies highlight that pediatric APS is quite rare with incidence in some populations of 0.2 per 100 000. There are new classification criteria in APS, which include a wider range of clinical features increasingly identified in registry data and case series of pediatric APS, though validation in pediatric APS is still needed. There is a particularly high proportion of pediatric APS patients with noncriteria antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL). Recurrent thrombosis is especially common in pediatric APS, highlighting the difficulty of management of this disease with high morbidity in children.

Summary
Recent research has enhanced understanding of pediatric-specific APS epidemiology, laboratory findings, the wide variety of clinical features, and challenges in successful treatment. Future directions could include evaluation of potentially unique features in pediatric pathophysiology, an evaluation of the new APS classification criteria in children, broader prospective data on clinical and laboratory features, and a continued search for treatment beyond committing young patients to lifelong anticoagulation.
Travelers From the Intestine to the Skin: A Useful Clue to Diagnose a Cryptic Histoplasma Infection
Authors: Frigo Emanuele , Lammertyn Astrid , Reyn Birgit , Garmyn Marjan , Hauben Esther , Maria Bosisio Francesca 
Published: February 2025

Abstract:
A 53-year-old woman from Missouri (United States) with a 2-year history of kidney transplant presented to our dermatology department with multiple acneiform lesions on the face and numerous erythematous papules and nodules on both arms and legs. Biopsies revealed a very atypical florid pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia, at first interpreted, in light of the history of immunosuppression, as an invasive squamocellular carcinoma, associated with an unusual dense histiocytic infiltrate and nodular aggregates of foamy histiocytes. After the acute onset of fever, pancytopenia, and signs of ulcerative colitis, disseminated histoplasmosis was suspected. A biopsy taken from a rectal ulcer revealed numerous histiocytes with intracellular yeasts that were positive for periodic acid-Schiff and Grocott–Gomori methenamine silver fungal stains. Antifungal therapy with amphotericin B and itraconazole led to the healing of the skin lesions with scarring and postinflammatory hyperpigmentation. This case is an exceptional example that warns pathologists that (1) florid pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia can be undistinguishable from invasive squamocellular carcinoma, and complete excision of fast-growing lesions is always advised in case of doubt; (2) a dense infiltrate of foamy histiocytes may be the spy to a systemic infection, and a careful clinical and pathologic screening should be promptly initiated.
Tiered Accountability and Elements of an Effective Compliance Program Within High Reliability Organizations
Authors: Ibata Brent 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Tiered accountability and the seven elements of an effective compliance program provide a scalable framework for enterprise risk management within high reliability healthcare organizations (HROs). However, these elements do not self-assemble into a mature system. They must be intentionally built into an effective compliance program that assesses, controls, and manages risks at an ongoing enterprise level. This starts with good governance from the governing body and passes through the organization’s chief executive officer into a psychologically safe, fair, and just culture that embraces imperfections as teaching moments. In an HRO, detected deviances from desired practices are seen as opportunities to embark on short excursions of self-improvement on the longer journey toward zero events of preventable harm.
The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) and the US Department of Justice (DOJ) have published regulations and guidance that require and encourage organizations to proactively manage risk, with tiered accountability written into the CMS hospital conditions of participation (COP) and strongly encouraged in the DOJ newly revised Compliance Program Guidance containing its seven essential elements of an effective compliance program. Both CMS and the DOJ utilize a mixture of incentives and consequences to incentivize proactive risk management and compel reactive risk reduction. In these toolboxes of incentives and consequences, proactive healthcare executives can find the standards and rules to engineer and build highly reliable enterprise risk management systems with tiered accountability and risk-based talent management that focus available resources on high-risk, high-volume, and problem-prone areas.
Practical Utility of Serum Ammonia in Children With Acute Liver Failure: A Biomarker of Outcome
Authors: Abdullatif Hala Mohsen , Weigel Katharina , Verma Anita , Deep Akash , Dhawan Anil 
Published: February 2025

Background.
Hyperammonemia is a recognized biochemical abnormality in acute liver failure (ALF). Our aim was to determine a cutoff value for serum ammonia in children with ALF to predict their outcomes while conventional UK liver transplant (LT) listing criteria were applied.

Methods.
We reviewed and analyzed the data of 68 patients with ALF who presented to our center from January 2014 to December 2018; inherited defects of ammonia metabolism were excluded. Patients were divided into 3 groups: Gr 1, LT (30 patients); Gr2, native liver survival (27 patients); and Gr 3, mortality (11 patients).

Results.
Highest ammonia levels during admission before intervention were higher in the LT and mortality group than in the native liver survival group (P = 0.011) with levels of 140 µmol/L showing a specificity of 100% as a predictor for LT/mortality. Sixty-two percent of patients with ALF developed encephalopathy; grades 3 and 4 in almost one-third. Encephalopathy was more common in Gr1 patients, followed by Gr3, whereas Gr2 were the least likely to develop encephalopathy. Ammonia levels were significantly higher in encephalopathic patients than in nonencephalopathic (P = 0.001). Serum ammonia of 80.5 µmol/L predicted encephalopathy with 80% sensitivity and 75% specificity.

Conclusions.
Serum ammonia level of >80 µmol/L can be used as an alert to ongoing encephalopathy although encephalopathy signs may be missing or subtle and a surrogate marker for earlier interventions for extracorporeal therapies. Moreover, levels >140 µmol/L predict the need for LT or death.
Saturation kinetics and specificity of transporters for L-arginine and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) at the blood-brain and blood-CSF barriers.
Authors: Fidanboylu Mehmet , Thomas Sarah Ann 
Published: February 2025

Nitric oxide synthases (NOS) synthesize nitric oxide (NO) from L-arginine in endothelial and neuronal cells. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is a homologue of arginine and an endogenous inhibitor of NOS. As NO is a critical signalling molecule and influences physiological pathways in health and disease, the transfer of arginine and ADMA across the blood-CNS barriers is of interest. Our research group have previously demonstrated the presence of saturable transporters for [3H]-L-arginine and [3H]-ADMA at the blood-brain and blood-CSF barriers using in vitro and in situ methods. In this study, we determine the identity and kinetic characteristics of these transporters by means of the in situ brain/choroid plexus perfusion technique in anaesthetised mice. Results indicated that [3H]-arginine and [3H]-ADMA could be transported across blood-brain and blood-CSF barriers by the cationic amino acid transporter, system-y+. In contrast to the results obtained with arginine where transport was predominately by a single transport system (system-y+), ADMA delivery to the CNS was more complex and involved multiple transport systems (system y+, B0,+, y+L and b0,+) suggesting its concentration is tightly regulated. System y+ and system y+L transporters could be involved in the CNS to blood efflux of ADMA that we have previously observed. The half-saturation constant (Km) and maximal influx rate of the saturable component (Vmax) for [3H]-ADMA transport into the frontal cortex was 29.07±7.19 mM and 0.307±0.017 nmol.min-1.g-1, respectively, and into the CSF was 30.59±25.41 μM and 2.07±0.38 nmol.min-1.g-1, respectively. This information could help explain the arginine paradox providing evidence that ADMA interacts with transporters that can remove ADMA from cells. These removal mechanisms could be stimulated by excess arginine in the plasma resulting in increased NO production. It remains to be seen if arginine supplementation could be used to increase NO production and improve hypoperfusion observed in disease states such as Alzheimer’s and stroke.
Validation of Accelerometry Cut-off Points to Categorize Physical Activity Intensity Along the Pregnancy
Authors: Cagiao A. , Fariñas J. , Rial-Vázquez J. , Rúa-Alonso M. , Díaz Brage P.A. , Giráldez M. A. , Carnero E.A. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundSeveral studies have created and validated accelerometry cut-off points to categorize intensities of physical activity (PA); however, there is not specific cut-off points in pregnant women. Pregnancy promotes specific physiological and biomechanical changes that can modify quantitively the relationship between movement and energy expenditure. The aim of this study was to develop and validate specific accelerometry cut-off points for light and moderate-vigorous PA (LPA and MVPA respectively), at each trimester of pregnancy.Methodology31 healthy pregnant women completed the same cardiopulmonary submaximal exercise test, at each trimester of their pregnancies. Indirect calorimetry variables and accelerometry data were registered from no-dominant wrist and right hip placements at each measurement. Internal load variables (%VO2max, %VO2R, %HR max, %HRR and METs) were used as reference for validation and ROC analyses was performed to estimate cut-off points at each trimester and location in counts/min, MIMs and EMNO units.ResultsCut-off points obtained from the ROC analysis showed a high performance with areas under curves (AUCs) above 0.90. Cut-off points tended to be higher in no-dominant wrist than in right hip location. The cut-off for MVPA on the right hip decreased after the second trimester in ENMO and MIMS units. Only slight differences between trimesters were found in cut-off points for wrist location.ConclusionAccelerometer intensity cut-off points in counts, MIMS and ENMO were validated in each trimester with internal load variables for no-dominant wrist and right hip placements.
Leveraging a Vision-Language Model with Natural Text Supervision for MRI Retrieval, Captioning, Classification, and Visual Question Answering
Authors: Dhinagar Nikhil J. , Thomopoulos Sophia I. , Thompson Paul M. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractLarge multimodal models are now extensively used worldwide, with the most powerful ones trained on massive, general-purpose datasets. Despite their rapid deployment, concerns persist regarding the quality and domain relevance of the training data, especially in radiology, medical research, and neuroscience. Additionally, healthcare data privacy is paramount when querying models trained on medical data, as is transparency regarding service hosting and data storage. So far, most deep learning algorithms in radiologic research are designed to perform a specific task (e.g., diagnostic classification) and cannot be prompted to perform multiple tasks using natural language. In this work, we introduce a framework based on vector retrieval and contrastive learning to efficiently learn visual brain MRI concepts via natural language supervision. We show how the method learns to identify factors that affect the brain in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) via joint embedding and natural language supervision. First, we pre-train separate text and image encoders using self-supervised learning, and jointly fine-tune these encoders to develop a shared embedding space. We train our model to perform multiple tasks, including MRI retrieval, MRI captioning, and MRI classification. We show its versatility by developing a retrieval and re-ranking mechanism along with a transformer decoder for visual question answering.Clinical RelevanceBy learning a cross-modal embedding of radiologic features and text, our approach can learn to perform diagnostic and prognostic assessments in AD research as well as to assist practicing clinicians. Integrating medical imaging with clinical descriptions and text prompts, we aim to provide a general, versatile tool for detecting radiologic features described by text, offering a new approach to radiologic research.
Mechanistic Study of palmatine in Regulating Pyroptosis in Sepsis Cells via Signaling Pathways
Authors: Yan Guangzhao , Wang Yanyan 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis study aims to investigate whether palmatine has a potential effect on sepsis-related pyroptosis in patients through relevant signaling pathways. Initially, the study explores the differential genes associated with pyroptosis in sepsis patients, along with their related enrichment processes, biological behaviors, and functional pathways. Patients with sepsis pyroptosis are then classified into subgroups based on pyroptosis-related genes to analyze the biological differences between these subtypes. Furthermore, the signaling pathways and biological functions associated with palmatine are studied to assess whether there are functional similarities or overlaps with the signaling pathways and biological behaviors observed in patients with sepsis pyroptosis. Finally, the findings are validated through wet-lab experiments. The results reveal that the signaling pathways related to palmatine partially overlap with those observed in sepsis pyroptosis patients, indicating that palmatine may influence sepsis pyroptosis through these pathways. Parmatine may improve the prognosis of sepsis by affecting the immune function of PRKACA, PTGS2, NLRP3, HSP90AA1 and PTPN22.