bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arbuscular mycorrhizal root colonization depends on the spatial distribution of the host plants
Authors: Grünfeld Leonie , Skias Georgios , Rillig Matthias C. , Veresoglou Stavros D. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDespite their ubiquity in terrestrial ecosystems, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) experience dispersion constraints and thus depend on the spatial distribution of the plant hosts. Our understanding of fungal-plant interactions with respect to their spatial distributions and implications for the functioning of the symbiosis remain limited. We here manipulated the location of habitat patches of Medicago lupulina in two experiments to explore the responses of AMF root colonization and extraradical hyphae. We tested the specific hypothesis that AMF-plant habitats high in connectance would stimulate root colonization and induce denser functional root colonization (colonization rate of arbuscules plus coils) because of higher propagule availability between nearby host plant patches (experiment 1). In experiment 2, we anticipated similar responses in mixed habitats of different soil fertility, namely phosphorus-fertilized or unfertilized soil, and anticipated a higher density of extraradical hyphae in the soil connecting the habitats with increased functional root colonization. In agreement with our hypothesis, we found the highest total and functional root colonization in unfragmented micro-landscapes, describing landscapes that occur within a spatial scale of a few centimeters with the AMF-plant habitats positioned adjacent to each other. In the second experiment, overdispersed micro-landscapes promoted functional root colonization. This study provides experimental evidence that the spatial distribution of habitats can determine AMF abundance at the microscale.
A framework for now-casting and forecasting in augmented asset management
Authors: Kumari Jaya , Karim Ramin , Thaduri Adithya , Dersin Pierre 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAsset Management of a complex technical system-of-systems needs cross-organizational operation and maintenance, asset data management and context-aware analytics. Emerging technologies such as AI and digitalisation can facilitate the augmentation of asset management (AAM), by providing data-driven and model-driven approaches to analytics, i.e., now-casting and forecasting. However, implementing context-aware now-casting and forecasting analytics in an operational environment with varying contexts such as for fleets and distributed infrastructure is challenging. The number of algorithms in such an implementation can be vast due to the large number of assets and operational contexts for the fleet. To reduce the complexity of the analytics, it is required to optimize the number of algorithms. This can be done by optimizing the number of operational contexts through a generalization and specialization approach based on both fleet behaviour and individual behaviour for improved analytics. This paper proposes a framework for context-aware now-casting and forecasting analytics for AAM based on a top-down, i.e., Fleet2Individual and bottom-up, i.e., Individual2Fleet approach. The proposed framework has been described and verified by applying it to the context of railway rolling stock in Sweden. The benefits of the proposed framework is to provide industries with a tool that can be used to simplify the implementation of AI and digital technologies in now-casting and forecasting.
Numerical Simulations of Liquid-Solid Flows in A Vertical Pipe by MPS-DEM Coupling Method
Authors: Xie Feng-ze , Meng Qing-jie , Wan De-cheng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn the process of deep-sea mining, the liquid-solid flows in the vertical transportation pipeline are very complex. In the present work, an in-house solver MPSDEM-SJTU based on the improved MPS and DEM is developed for the simulation of hydraulic conveying. Firstly, three examples including the multilayer cylinder collapse, the Poiseuille flow and two-phase dam-break are used to validate the precision of the DEM model, the pipe flow model and MPS-DEM coupling model, respectively. Then, the hydraulic conveying with coarse particles in a vertical pipe is simulated. The solid particle distribution is presented and investigated in detail. Finally, the coupling method is successfully applied for the simulation of the liquid-solid flows in a vertical pipe with rotating blades, which shows the stability of the solver under rotating boundary conditions. This fully Lagrangian model is expected to be a new approach for analyzing hydraulic conveying.
Limit laws for large th-nearest neighbor balls
Authors: Chenavier Nicolas , Henze Norbert , Otto Moritz 
Published: July 2022

AbstractLet
$X_1,X_2, \ldots, X_n$
be a sequence of independent random points in
$\mathbb{R}^d$
with common Lebesgue density f. Under some conditions on f, we obtain a Poisson limit theorem, as
$n \to \infty$
, for the number of large probability kth-nearest neighbor balls of
$X_1,\ldots, X_n$
. Our result generalizes Theorem 2.2 of [11], which refers to the special case
$k=1$
. Our proof is completely different since it employs the Chen–Stein method instead of the method of moments. Moreover, we obtain a rate of convergence for the Poisson approximation.
Exterior vs. interior in early Maghribi mosques
Authors: Bloom Jonathan M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEarly Islamic religious architecture in North Africa displays a marked change from earlier Classical and Christian buildings in their general neglect of exteriors in favour of interior (i.e., courtyard) façades. This feature may be due partly to the nature of Islamic worship, as it was common to virtually all early mosques, yet builders in the central and eastern lands of Islam soon began to adopt such exteriorizing features as domes, towers, and colourful decoration. Maghribi builders, however, maintained their preference for modest exteriors for many centuries, mostly focusing decoration on interior façades and spaces, and differentiating it from much Islamic architecture elsewhere.
Protein intake, physical activity and grip strength in European and North American community-dwelling older adults: a pooled analysis of individual participant data from four longitudinal ageing cohorts
Authors: Mendonça Nuno M. P. , Hengeveld Linda M. , Presse Nancy , Canhão Helena , Simonsick Eleanor , Kritchevsky Stephen B. , Farsijani Samaneh , Gaudreau Pierrette , Jagger Carol , Visser Marjolein 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHigher dietary protein, alone or in combination with physical activity (PA), may slow the loss of age-related muscle strength in older adults. We investigated the longitudinal relationship between protein intake and grip strength, and the interaction between protein intake and PA, using four longitudinal ageing cohorts. Individual participant data from 5584 older adults (52 % women; median: 75 years, IQR: 71·6, 79·0) followed for up to 8·5 years (mean: 4·9 years, SD: 2·3) from the Health ABC, NuAge, LASA and Newcastle 85+ cohorts were pooled. Baseline protein intake was assessed with food frequency questionnaires and 24-h recalls and categorized into < 0·8, 0·8–<1·0, 1·0–<1·2 and ≥ 1·2 g/kg adjusted body weight (aBW)/d. The prospective association between protein intake, its interaction with PA, and grip strength (sex- and cohort-specific) was determined using joint models (hierarchical linear mixed effects and a link function for Cox proportional hazards models). Grip strength declined on average by 0·018 SD (95 % CI: –0·026, –0·006) every year. No associations were found between protein intake, measured at baseline, and grip strength, measured prospectively, or rate of decline of grip strength in models adjusted for sociodemographic, anthropometric, lifestyle and health variables (e.g., protein intake ≥ 1·2 v· < 0·8 g/kg aBW/d: β = –0·003, 95 % CI: –0·014, 0·005 SD per year). There also was no evidence of an interaction between protein intake and PA. We failed to find evidence in this study to support the hypothesis that higher protein intake, alone or in combination with higher PA, slowed the rate of grip strength decline in older adults.
Development of portable robotic orthosis and biomechanical validation in people with limited upper limb function after stroke
Authors: Ferreira Fernanda Márcia Rodrigues Martins , de Paula Rúbio Guilherme , Dutra Rina Mariane Alves , Van Petten Adriana Maria Valladão Novais , Vimieiro Claysson Bruno Santos 
Published: July 2022

AbstractStroke has a considerable incidence in the world population and would cause sequelae in the upper limbs. One way to increase the efficiency in the rehabilitation process of patients with these sequelae is through robot-assisted therapy. The present study developed a portable robotic orthosis called Pinotti Portable Robotic Exoskeleton (PPRE) and validated its functioning in clinical tests. The static and dynamic parts of the device modules are described. Design issues, such as heavyweight and engine positioning, have been optimized. The implementation of control was through a smartphone application that communicates with a microcontroller to perform desired movements. Four individuals with motor impairment of the upper limbs due to stroke performed clinical tests to validate the device. Participants did not mention pain, discomfort, tingling, and paresthesia. The robotic device showed the ability to perform the flexion and extension movements of the fingers and elbow. The PPRE was confirmed to be adequate and functional at different levels of motor impairment assessed. The orthosis presented advantages over the currently existing devices, concerning its biomechanical functioning, portability, comfort, and versatility. Thus, the apparatus has the great innovative potential to become a device for home use, serving as an aid to the therapist and facilitating the rehabilitation of patients after an injury. In a larger sample, future studies are needed to assess the effect of a robotic orthosis on the level of rehabilitation in individuals with upper limb impairment.
New perspectives on the Sertorian War in northeastern Hispania: archaeological surveys of the Roman camps of the lower River Ebro
Authors: Noguera Jaume , Valdés Pau , Ble Eduard 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn recent decades, conflict archaeology has renewed study of the Roman Republican military, with Hispania as one of the most prolific areas of research. Following this trend, since 2006 the University of Barcelona has conducted archaeological investigations at several sites in the lower Ebro basin. When no structures or archaeological layers remained in situ, surface survey became a key methodology. Based on the artifacts retrieved during surface survey, this article identifies four new military establishments dated to the first half of the 1st c. BCE and reinterprets the campaigns of the Sertorian War in northeastern Spain.
Decreasing Trends in the Western US Dust Intensity With Rareness of Heavy Dust Events
Authors: Aryal Yog , Evans Stuart 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDust in the Western US (WUS) has impacts on many natural and human systems in the region. This study examines the temporal trends in dust event frequency and intensity and their correlations with local meteorology over the WUS. We use the observed daily near‐surface dust concentration during 2001–2020 from the Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments network. Low‐ and high‐concentration dust events are analyzed separately, and linear regression is used to estimate the trends and the correlations. Results show a significant decreasing trend in the occurrence frequency of spring and summer high‐concentration dust events, while the frequency of low‐concentration dust events shows significant increasing trends over the WUS. We examine weak and strong intensity categories and find that weak dust events generally have positive trends in their frequency of occurrence, and strong dust events have negative trends. The intensity of spring dust events has negative trends for both high‐concentration and low‐concentration dust events. Spring dust events are correlated with precipitation, and soil moisture over the Rockies and Southwest, while in the Great Plains (GP), dust events are correlated with precipitation. In the GP, the dust events are not correlated with soil moisture and the correlations with precipitation and wind speed are weak likely due to the anthropogenic dust sources. Compared to the spring, the trends in summer dust events and their correlations with meteorology are generally weak and inconsistent overall four regions. These results improve our understanding of current variability and the future of dust in the WUS.
Widespread Very Low Frequency Earthquakes (VLFEs) Activity Offshore Cascadia
Authors: Chaudhuri Kuntal , Ghosh Abhijit 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA significant amount of stress in the Cascadia subduction zone (CSZ) is released by different forms of slow earthquakes including tremors, low‐frequency earthquakes, and very low‐frequency earthquakes (VLFEs)—all occurring onshore at the deeper part of the transition zone. Their activity offshore, however, remains elusive. We discover widespread occurrence of discrete VLFEs offshore Cascadia using ocean‐bottom seismometers. Barring occasional regular fast earthquakes, VLFEs are the only seismic stress indicators offshore. Using centroid moment tensor inversion and matched filtering, we detect sequences of 12 distinct families of VLFEs. The VLFEs in northern CSZ have focal mechanisms consistent with the area's subduction zone deformation. Interestingly, the VLFEs in the southern part of CSZ show strike‐slip faulting, attributed to offshore faults, sediment consolidation, subduction bending, and transpressional regimes created by complex plate tectonics. It challenges a canonical view of the seismogenic zone in Cascadia characterized by a frictionally homogeneous fault segment producing only regular fast earthquakes.
Effect of Salinity in Alpine Lakes on the Southern Tibetan Plateau on Greenhouse Gas Diffusive Fluxes
Authors: Xun Fan , Li Biao , Chen He , Zhou Yongqiang , Gao Peixin , Xing Peng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractInland waters play an important role in the global carbon cycle and are potential hotspots of greenhouse gas (GHG) production and emission. However, considerable uncertainty exists in GHG estimations from lakes on the Tibetan Plateau due, in part, to the lack of direct in situ observations and key predictor analyses. Considering that salinity is an important factor regulating lake GHGs, diffusive methane flux (FCH4) and carbon dioxide flux (FCO2) and concentrations of dissolved CH4 (dCH4) and CO2 (dCO2) were measured in 16 freshwater and brackish Tibetan lakes in Shigatse. The results demonstrated that FCH4 at the water–air interface in freshwater lakes (45.14 ± 58.86 μmol·m−2·s−1) was 15 times higher than that in brackish lakes (2.92 ± 3.85 μmol·m−2·s−1). There was a significant decrease in FCH4 from the littoral zone to the pelagic area in these lakes. The FCO2 in freshwater lakes (−0.18 ± 0.39 μmol·m−2·s−1) was significantly lower than that in brackish lakes (0.38 ± 0.22 μmol·m−2·s−1). Therefore, freshwater lakes were regarded as CO2 sinks, while brackish lakes were regarded as CO2 sources. According to the comprehensive CO2 equivalent diffusive fluxes (FCO2eq, 0.66 ± 0.97 μmol·m−2·s−1), the 16 lakes were a carbon source to the atmosphere during the sampling period. FCO2 enhancement could be compensated by the decrease in FCH4 at the water–air interface as a result of salinity gradients across lakes. Under the scenarios of climate warming and drying in southern Tibet from 2020 to 2035, lake FCO2eq tended to decrease in this area.
Tectonic Control of Groundwater Recharge and Flow in Faulted Volcanic Aquifers
Authors: Olaka L. A. , Kasemann S. A. , Sültenfuß J. , Wilke F. D. H. , Olago D. O. , Mulch A. , Musolff A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractGroundwater dynamics in continental rift zone settings remain poorly understood because of the spatial heterogeneity in flow, storage, and recharge dynamics. The Central Kenya Rift is an excellent example where, though groundwater is important for domestic, irrigation, and geothermal energy exploitation, its hydrogeological properties remain largely unknown. Existing conceptual groundwater models assume flow from the high‐elevation, humid rift flanks to the low‐elevation, semiarid rift floor, but the role of the faults that fracture the aquifers is commonly unaccounted for. We applied geochemical, isotopic (δ18O, δD, 87Sr/86Sr, 3H‐3He), multivariate statistical methods, and knowledge of geological structures to determine recharge sources, flow, and residence times to revise the conceptual flow model. Results show that groundwater is primarily recharged by meteoric waters, river input, and Lake recharge. The faults impart a control on the groundwater flow within four sub‐compartments. Major differences in flow patterns exist between the eastern and western rift flanks: surface and groundwater transfer from the eastern flanks to the rift floor occurs via relay ramp structures, and flow on the west side takes place laterally from the high escarpment. Although 3H‐3He dating shows that the age of groundwater ranges from a few to >>50 years, most of the groundwater in the rift‐floor area is free of 3H and was recharged before the 1960s. Hence, we propose that these areas receive episodic recharge and represent the most sensitive groundwater resources in the rift. To inform sustainable groundwater development, a robust monitoring network is required to capture the heterogeneous groundwater dynamics.
Roles and mechanisms of ankyrin-G in neuropsychiatric disorders
Authors: Yoon Sehyoun , Piguel Nicolas H. , Penzes Peter 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAnkyrin proteins act as molecular scaffolds and play an essential role in regulating cellular functions. Recent evidence has implicated the ANK3 gene, encoding ankyrin-G, in bipolar disorder (BD), schizophrenia (SZ), and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Within neurons, ankyrin-G plays an important role in localizing proteins to the axon initial segment and nodes of Ranvier or to the dendritic shaft and spines. In this review, we describe the expression patterns of ankyrin-G isoforms, which vary according to the stage of brain development, and consider their functional differences. Furthermore, we discuss how posttranslational modifications of ankyrin-G affect its protein expression, interactions, and subcellular localization. Understanding these mechanisms leads us to elucidate potential pathways of pathogenesis in neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders, including BD, SZ, and ASD, which are caused by rare pathogenic mutations or changes in the expression levels of ankyrin-G in the brain.
Comparison of chromatin accessibility landscapes during early development of prefrontal cortex between rhesus macaque and human
Authors: Yao Xuelong , Lu Zongyang , Feng Zhanying , Gao Lei , Zhou Xin , Li Min , Zhong Suijuan , Wu Qian , Liu Zhenbo , Zhang Haofeng , Liu Zeyuan , Yi Lizhi , Zhou Tao , Zhao Xudong , Zhang Jun , Wang Yong , Huang Xingxu , Wang Xiaoqun , Liu Jiang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEpigenetic information regulates gene expression and development. However, our understanding of the evolution of epigenetic regulation on brain development in primates is limited. Here, we compared chromatin accessibility landscapes and transcriptomes during fetal prefrontal cortex (PFC) development between rhesus macaques and humans. A total of 304,761 divergent DNase I-hypersensitive sites (DHSs) are identified between rhesus macaques and humans, although many of these sites share conserved DNA sequences. Interestingly, most of the cis-elements linked to orthologous genes with dynamic expression are divergent DHSs. Orthologous genes expressed at earlier stages tend to have conserved cis-elements, whereas orthologous genes specifically expressed at later stages seldom have conserved cis-elements. These genes are enriched in synapse organization, learning and memory. Notably, DHSs in the PFC at early stages are linked to human educational attainment and cognitive performance. Collectively, the comparison of the chromatin epigenetic landscape between rhesus macaques and humans suggests a potential role for regulatory elements in the evolution of differences in cognitive ability between non-human primates and humans.
Molecular-level insight into photocatalytic CO2 reduction with H2O over Au nanoparticles by interband transitions
Authors: Shangguan Wenchao , Liu Qing , Wang Ying , Sun Ning , Liu Yu , Zhao Rui , Li Yingxuan , Wang Chuanyi , Zhao Jincai 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAchieving CO2reduction with H2O on metal photocatalysts and understanding the corresponding mechanisms at the molecular level are challenging. Herein, we report that quantum-sized Au nanoparticles can photocatalytically reduce CO2to CO with the help of H2O by electron-hole pairs mainly originating from interband transitions. Notably, the Au photocatalyst shows a CO production rate of 4.73 mmol g−1h−1(~100% selectivity), ~2.5 times the rate during CO2reduction with H2under the same experimental conditions, under low-intensity irradiation at 420 nm. Theoretical and experimental studies reveal that the increased activity is induced by surface Au–O species formed from H2O decomposition, which synchronously optimizes the rate-determining steps in the CO2reduction and H2O oxidation reactions, lowers the energy barriers for the *CO desorption and *OOH formation, and facilitates CO and O2production. Our findings provide an in-depth mechanistic understanding for designing active metal photocatalysts for efficient CO2reduction with H2O.
Photo-thermo-induced room-temperature phosphorescence through solid-state molecular motion
Authors: Liu Xing Wang , Zhao Weijun , Wu Yue , Meng Zhengong , He Zikai , Qi Xin , Ren Yiran , Yu Zhen-Qiang , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe development of smart-responsive materials, in particular those with non-invasive, rapid responsive phosphorescence, is highly desirable but has rarely been described. Herein, we designed and prepared a series of molecular rotors containing a triazine core and three bromobiphenyl units: o-Br-TRZ, m-Br-TRZ, and p-Br-TRZ. The bromine and triazine moieties serve as room temperature phosphorescence-active units, and the bromobiphenyl units serve as rotors to drive intramolecular rotation. When irradiated with strong ultraviolet photoirradiation, intramolecular rotations of o-Br-TRZ, m-Br-TRZ, and p-Br-TRZ increase, successively resulting in a photothermal effect via molecular motions. Impressively, the photothermal temperature attained by p-Br-TRZ is as high as 102 °C, and synchronously triggers its phosphorescence due to the ordered molecular arrangement after molecular motion. The thermal effect is expected to be important for triggering efficient phosphorescence, and the photon input for providing a precise and non-invasive stimulus. Such sequential photo-thermo-phosphorescence conversion is anticipated to unlock a new stimulus-responsive phosphorescence material without chemicals invasion.