bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early-Onset Osteoporosis: Rare Monogenic Forms Elucidate the Complexity of Disease Pathogenesis Beyond Type I Collagen
Authors: Costantini Alice , Mäkitie Riikka E. , Hartmann Markus A. , Fratzl-Zelman Nadja , Zillikens M. Carola , Kornak Uwe , Søe Kent , Mäkitie Outi 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
Early-onset osteoporosis (EOOP), characterized by low bone mineral density (BMD) and fractures, affects children, premenopausal women and men aged &lt;50 years. EOOP may be secondary to a chronic illness, long-term medication, nutritional deficiencies, etc. If no such cause is identified, EOOP is regarded primary and may then be related to rare variants in genes playing a pivotal role in bone homeostasis. If the cause remains unknown, EOOP is considered idiopathic. The scope of this review is to guide through clinical and genetic diagnostics of EOOP, summarize the present knowledge on rare monogenic forms of EOOP, and describe how analysis of bone biopsy samples can lead to a better understanding of the disease pathogenesis. The diagnostic pathway of EOOP is often complicated and extensive assessments may be needed to reliably exclude secondary causes. Due to the genetic heterogeneity and overlapping features in the various genetic forms of EOOP and other bone fragility disorders, the genetic diagnosis usually requires the use of next-generation sequencing to investigate several genes simultaneously. Recent discoveries have elucidated the complexity of disease pathogenesis both regarding genetic architecture and bone tissue-level pathology. Two rare monogenic forms of EOOP are due to defects in genes partaking in the canonical WNT pathway: LRP5 and WNT1. Variants in the genes encoding plastin-3 (PLS3) and sphingomyelin synthase 2 (SGMS2) have also been found in children and young adults with skeletal fragility. The molecular mechanisms leading from gene defects to clinical manifestations are often not fully understood. Detailed analysis of patient-derived transiliac bone biopsies gives valuable information to understand disease pathogenesis, distinguishes EOOP from other bone fragility disorders, and guides in patient management, but is not widely available in clinical settings. Despite the great advances in this field, EOOP remains an insufficiently explored entity and further research is needed to optimize diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Effect of Discordant Hip Bone Density on Incident Fracture Risk: A Registry-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Leslie William D. , Morin Suzanne N. , Lix Lisa M. , McCloskey Eugene V. , Johansson Helena , Harvey Nicholas C. , Kanis John A. 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
The Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX®) combines clinical risk factors and optionally femoral neck bone density to estimate major osteoporotic fracture (MOF) and hip fracture probability. Hip dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) simultaneously measures the trochanter and total hip, but these regions are not considered by FRAX. Our aim was to determine whether discordance in trochanter and total hip bone density (defined as ≥1 T-score difference from the femoral neck) affects fracture risk adjusted for fracture probability. Using the Manitoba bone density registry, we identified 84,773 women and men age 40 years or older undergoing baseline hip DXA. The outcomes were incident MOF and hip fracture. Cox regression hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) adjusted for baseline fracture probability were used to test the association between hip T-score discordance and incident fractures. Hip T-score discordance affected more than one in five subjects (trochanter lower in 3.9%, higher in 14.2%; total hip lower in 0.3%, higher in 14.9%). After mean 8.8 years there were 8444 incident MOF including 2664 hip fractures. Discordantly lower trochanter and lower total hip T-score (≥1 below femoral neck) was associated with increased risk for MOF (adjusted HRs 1.47 and 1.60) and hip fracture (HRs 1.85 and 2.12), while discordantly higher trochanter and total hip T-score (≥1 above femoral neck) was associated with lower risk for MOF (HRs 0.83 and 0.71) and hip fracture (HRs 0.79 and 0.68). In models that examined the trochanter and total hip simultaneously, discordantly lower trochanter T-score was associated with increased incident MOF and hip fracture risk (HRs 1.43 and 1.79) whereas discordantly higher total hip T-score was associated with lower risk (HRs 0.73 and 0.75). In conclusion, trochanter and total hip regions frequently show T-scores that are discordant with the femoral neck. This information strongly affects incident fracture risk independent of fracture probability scores computed with femoral neck bone density. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Decreased Mortality and Subsequent Fracture Risk in Patients With a Major and Hip Fracture After the Introduction of a Fracture Liaison Service: A 3-Year Follow-Up Survey
Authors: Vranken Lisanne , de Bruin Irma J.A. , Driessen Annemariek H.M. , Geusens Piet P.M. , Eisman John A. , Center Jacqueline R. , van der Velde Robert Y. , Janzing Heinrich M.J. , Kaarsemaker Sjoerd , van den Bergh Joop P. , Wyers Caroline E. 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
Fracture liaison services (FLS) are considered to be the most effective organizational approach for secondary fracture prevention. In this study, we evaluated whether FLS care was associated with reduced subsequent fracture and mortality risk over 3 years of follow-up. In total, 8682 consecutive patients aged 50–90 years with a recent fracture were included. Before FLS introduction, regular fracture treatment procedures were followed (pre-FLS). After FLS introduction, patients were invited to the FLS and FLS attenders were assessed for osteoporosis, prevalent vertebral fractures, metabolic bone disorders, medication use, and fall risk, and treatment for fracture prevention was initiated according to Dutch guidelines. All fractures were radiographically confirmed and categorized into major/hip (pelvis, proximal humerus or tibia, vertebral, multiple rib, distal femur) and non-major/non-hip (all other fractures). Mortality risk was examined using age and sex adjusted Cox proportional hazard models. For subsequent fracture risk, Cox proportional hazard models were adjusted for age, sex, and competing mortality risk (subdistribution hazard [SHR] approach). The pre-FLS group consisted of 2530 patients (72% women), of whom 1188 (46.9%) had major/hip index fractures, the post-FLS group consisted of 6152 patients (69% women), of whom 2973 (48.3%) had major/hip index fractures. In patients with a non-major/non-hip fracture there was no difference in subsequent non-major/non-hip fracture risk or mortality between pre-FLS and post-FLS. In patients with a major/hip index fracture, mortality risk was lower post-FLS (hazard ratio [HR] 0.84; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.73–0.96) and subsequent major/hip fracture risk was lower in the first 360 days after index fracture post-FLS compared to pre-FLS (SHR 0.67; 95% CI, 0.52–0.87). In conclusion, FLS care was associated with a lower mortality risk in the first 3 years and a lower subsequent major/hip fracture risk in the first year in patients with a major/hip index fracture but not in patients with a non-major/non-hip fracture. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Optimisation of ciprofloxacin removal by using polymer inclusion membrane and its multivariate analysis with half‐fractional factorial design
Authors: Olasupo Ayo , Sadiq Abubakar Chadi , Suah Faiz Bukhari Mohd 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn this study, the use of polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs) to attenuate the recalcitrant contaminant of ciprofloxacin (CIP) in an aquatic system is presented. Poly(vinyl)chloride (PVC) was used as the base polymer, bis−2‐(Ethylhexyl) phosphate (B2EHP) as the carrier, and dioctyl phthalate (DOP) as the plasticizer. Optimisation of the experiment was conducted using multivariate analysis of half‐fractional factorial design, focusing on parameters like pH of the source solution, the source solution's concentration, carrier composition, the concentration of the receiving solution, and extraction time.RESULTSIt was found that PIMs with the composition of PVC 45%: B2EHP 25%: DOP 30% were the best suited for this purpose. The optimal removal efficiency of CIP was ˃99% at pH 6, 90% at pH 12, and 85% removal at neutral pH (7). After various optimisation steps, the method was applied to actual environmental wastewater and river samples with an average percentage removal efficiency of ˃97%.CONCLUSIONThis study has successfully demonstrated the feasibility of using PIMs for the removal of CIP antibiotics. Hence, it may be considered a practical treatment approach for other pharmaceutical residues in the aquatic system. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Scanning electron microscopic studies of the antennal sensilla of Aplosonyx chalybaeus (Hope) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
Authors: Marwein Cynthia Bansara , Das Khirod Sankar , Lyngdoh Nonglait Kasomhung Chanreila , Kharthangmaw Joycy Mary , Choudhury Sudipta 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAplosonyx chalybaeus is a major insect pest of the plant Colocasia which is commonly found in the North‐Eastern region of India. The antenna of A. chalybaeus is filiform, composed of a scape, a pedicel, and a flagellum with nine flagellomeres. The type, structure, and distribution of sensilla, on the antennae of the adult A. chalybaeus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), were examined by scanning electron microscopy. Eight different types of sensilla were observed on the antennae using scanning electron microscopy, that is, sensilla trichodea, sensilla chaetica, sensilla basiconica, multiporous grooved pegs, sensilla auricillica, sensilla styloconica, glandular plates, and Böhm sensilla based on their external morphology. Distribution of all the antennal sensilla observed was discussed on the antenna. In addition, we discussed the putative functions of all the sensilla observed based on their external morphological and distributional characteristics on the antenna of the species.Research Highlights• External morphology and distribution of various antennal sensilla in male and female of Aplosonyx chalybaeus were described.• Eight types with 17 subtypes of antennal sensilla were observed.• Distinct sexual dimorphism was observed in occurrence and distribution of various sensilla.
Are genetic counselors prepared to counsel active‐duty service members? A survey of genetic counselors' self‐efficacy, counseling techniques, and knowledge of military policy
Authors: Kamen Michael , Hellwig Lydia D. , Maloney Kristin A. , Scott Jessica , Turner Clesson , Dixon Shannan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractGiven the expected rise in genomic sequencing projects within the US Military and the increased availability of genetic testing to the United States as a whole, current and prospective active‐duty service members (SMs) may undergo genetic counseling services in the civilian sector for pre‐test and post‐test counseling. The overall goal of this study was to better understand genetic counselors' preparedness to address military‐specific policies and psychosocial needs of patients from this underrepresented population. Members of the National Society of Genetic Counselors were asked to complete a four‐part survey including demographic information, Likert scale questions to separately rate self‐efficacy when working with civilians and SMs, case scenarios with multiple‐choice options and open‐ended responses to assess knowledge of military policy, and open‐ended questions regarding psychosocial scenarios related to military service. Eighty‐eight responses were analyzed using Microsoft Office Excel for the qualitive thematic analysis and SPSS/RStudio for the quantitative data. While over 75% (n = 69/88, SD = 0.48) of surveyed genetic counselors scored 4 of 4 on knowledge of military policy and reported similarly high levels of self‐efficacy when working with SMs (mean = 26.77 out of 30, SD = 4.15) and the general population (mean = 27.99 out of 30, SD = 4.31), the qualitative data suggested an alternative perspective. Up to 57% (n = 50/88) of responses were scored as expressing low confidence concerning knowledge of military policy. One potential explanation for this uncertainty may be due to participants reporting that they never (69.32% (n = 61/88]) or are unsure if (12.50% (n = 11/88]) they received training related to providing counseling services to SMs. We suggest the establishment of educational initiatives for genetic counselors focusing on how to discuss genetic testing with SMs in relation to their health and safety, well‐being, and potential employment implications.
Dynamic Prediction of Survival for Sinonasal Extranodal Natural Killer/T‐cell Lymphoma
Authors: Wang Taiqin , Qiu Yanyan , Shi Liangwen , Chen Dongxu , Chen Xiaoqiang , Liu Jianzhi , Liu Tingbo 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundExtranodal natural killer/ T‐cell lymphoma (ENKTL) is a rare malignant tumor. This study aimed to develop a predictive nomogram and a web‐based survival rate calculator for dynamically predicting the survival of patients with sinonasal ENKTL (SN‐ENKTL).MethodsThis study investigated patients (n = 134) with SN‐ENKTL who had been initially treated in our hospital between Jan 2008 and Dec 2016. The patients were randomly divided into training and validation cohorts, in a 7:3 ratio. Independent prognostic factors were identified and integrated to build a predictive nomogram and a web‐based calculator using the Cox‐regression model. The nomogram was evaluated by consistency index and calibration curve.ResultsAge, lactate dehydrogenase, hemoglobin, Epstein–Barr virus DNA, and Ann Arbor stage were identified as independent risk factors. We constructed a predictive nomogram for survival and a web‐based calculator (https://taiqinwang.shinyapps.io/DynNomapp/).ConclusionThis study developed a prognostic model and a web‐based calculator specifically focused on SN‐ENKTL for otolaryngologists to use to facilitate timely treatment decisions for the disease.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 133:1645–1651, 2023
Glutathione peroxidase 8 expression on cancer cells and cancer‐associated fibroblasts facilitates lung cancer metastasis
Authors: Xu Yu‐Lian , Yuan Luo‐Wei , Jiang Xiao‐Ming , Su Min‐Xia , Huang Mu‐Yang , Chen Yu‐Chi , Zhang Le‐Le , Chen Xiuping , Zhu Hong , Lu Jin‐Jian 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide, of which lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common subtype. Metastasis is the major cause of poor prognosis and mortality for lung cancer patients, which urgently needs great efforts to be further explored. Herein, glutathione peroxidase 8 (GPX8) was identified as a novel potential pro‐metastatic gene in LUAD metastatic mice models from GEO database. GPX8 was highly expressed in tumor tissues, predicting poor prognosis in LUAD patients. Knockdown of GPX8 inhibited LUAD metastasis in vitro and in vivo, while it did not obviously affect tumor growth. Knockdown of GPX8 decreased the levels of p‐FAK and p‐Paxillin and disturbed the distribution of focal adhesion. Furthermore, GPX8 was overexpressed in cancer‐associated fibroblast (CAF) and associated with CAF infiltration in tumor microenvironment of lung cancer. GPX8 silence on fibroblasts suppressed lung cancer cell migration in the coculture system. BRD2 and RRD4 were the potential transcriptionally regulators for GPX8. Bromodomain extra‐terminal inhibitor JQ1 downregulated GPX8 expression and suppressed lung cancer cell migration. Our findings indicate that highly expressed GPX8 in lung cancer cells and fibroblasts functions as a pro‐metastatic factor in lung cancer. JQ1 is identified as a potential inhibitor against GPX8‐mediated lung cancer metastasis.
2D/0D hierarchical heterostructures prepared via facet‐selective epitaxial growth of triangular Rh nanoplates on 2H‐Pd nanoparticles
Authors: Wang Xixi , Ge Yiyao , Zhang Qinghua , Lin Ting , Chen Bo , Li Lujiang , Huang Zhiqi , Yun Qinbai , Zhou Xichen , Shi Zhenyu , Liu Guanghua , Liu Jiawei , Wang Gang , Zheng Long , Huang Biao , Liao Lingwen , Yao Yao , Zhai Li , Lu Shiyao , Luo Qinxin , Chen Ye , Gu Lin , Zhang Hua 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPhase engineering of nanomaterials opens a promising gateway to the construction of noble metal hierarchical heterostructures in a well‐defined manner. Here, by using zero‐dimensional (0D) Pd nanoparticles with hexagonal close‐packed (hcp, 2H type) phase, denoted as 2H‐Pd, as seeds, we report a facet‐selective epitaxial growth method to prepare two‐dimensional (2D)/0D Pd@Rh hierarchical heterostructures, in which two parallel triangular Rh nanoplates selectively grow on two opposite (002)h facets of 2H‐Pd due to the confined growth of Rh along <002>h direction. Systematic characterizations demonstrate that a phase transformation from 2H phase to 2H/face‐centered cubic (fcc) heterophase occurs during the formation of such 2D/0D hierarchical heterostructure with the continuous growth of Rh nanoplates. The obtained 2D/0D Pd@Rh hierarchical heterostructures with a Pd/Rh atomic ratio of ∼39/61, denoted as Pd39@Rh61, exhibit excellent performance toward electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in acid electrolyte. To reach the current density of 10 mA cm–2, the overpotential of only 21.3 mV is required for the 2D/0D Pd39@Rh61, which is comparable to commercial Pt/C and also among the best Rh‐based HER catalysts reported until now.Key Points
The rational synthesis of novel 2D/0D Pd@Rh hierarchical heterostructures via the facet‐selective epitaxial growth of Rh nanoplates on Pd nanoparticles with an unconventional 2H phase is realized.

Two parallel triangular Rh nanoplates selectively grow on two opposite (002)h facets of 2H‐Pd due to the confined growth of Rh along <002>h direction.

2D/0D Pd@Rh hierarchical heterostructures exhibit excellent performance toward electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction in acid electrolyte.
Bioautography‐guided HPTLC–MS as a rapid hyphenated technique for the identification of antimicrobial compounds from selected South African Combretaceae species
Authors: Anokwuru Chinedu P. , Chen Weiyang , van Vuuren Sandy , Combrinck Sandra , Viljoen Alvaro M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionMany species within Combretaceae are traditionally used for the treatment of bacterial infections. The similarity in chemistry and antimicrobial activities within the family pose a challenge in selecting suitable species for herbal drug development.ObjectiveThis study aimed at rapidly identifying antimicrobial compounds using bioautography‐guided high‐performance thin‐layer chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HPTLC–MS).MethodsHierarchical cluster analysis of ultra‐performance liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry data from the methanol extracts of 77 samples, representing four genera within Combretaceae, was carried out. Based on groupings on the dendrogram, 15 samples were selected for bioautography analysis against four pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium). Active compounds were identified using HPTLC–MS analysis of bands corresponding to the inhibition zones.ResultsBioautography revealed 15 inhibition zones against the four pathogens, with the most prominent present for Combretum imberbe. Analysis of the active bands, using HPTLC–MS indicated that flavonoids, triterpenoids and combretastatin B5 contributed to the antibacterial activity. The compounds corresponding to molecular ions m/z 471 (Combretum imberbe) and 499 (Combretum elaeagnoides) inhibited all four pathogens, and were identified as imberbic acid and jessic acid, respectively. Chemotaxonomic analysis indicated that arjunic acid, ursolic acid and an unidentified triterpenoid (m/z 471) were ubiquitous in the Combretaceae species and could be responsible for their antibacterial activities.ConclusionApplication of HPTLC–MS enabled the rapid screening of extracts to identify active compounds within taxonomically related species. This approach allows for greater efficiency in the natural product research workflow to identify bioactive compounds in crude extracts.
The prevalence of psychological disorders among cancer patients during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhang Lemeng , Liu Xiaohong , Tong Fei , Zhou Ran , Peng Wanglian , Yang Hui , Liu Feng , Yang Desong , Huang Xufen , Wen Minni , Jiang Ling , Yi Lili 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPurposeWe aimed to assess the prevalence rate (PR) of depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), insomnia, distress, and fear of cancer progression/recurrence among patients with cancer during the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsStudies that reported the PR of six psychological disorders among cancer patients during the COVID‐19 pandemic were searched in PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, and Web of Science databases, from January 2020 up to 31 January 2022. Meta‐analysis results were merged using PR and 95% confidence intervals, and heterogeneity among studies was evaluated using I2 and Cochran's Q test. Publication bias was examined using funnel plots and Egger's tests. All data analyses were performed using Stata14.0 software.ResultsForty studies with 27,590 participants were included. Pooled results showed that the PR of clinically significant depression, anxiety, PTSD, distress, insomnia, and fear of cancer progression/recurrence among cancer patients were 32.5%, 31.3%, 28.2%, 53.9%, 23.2%, and 67.4%, respectively. Subgroup analysis revealed that patients with head and neck cancer had the highest PR of clinically significant depression (74.6%) and anxiety (92.3%) symptoms. Stratified analysis revealed that patients with higher education levels had higher levels of clinically significant depression (37.2%). A higher level of clinically significant PTSD was observed in employed patients (47.4%) or female with cancer (27.9%).ConclusionThis meta‐analysis evaluated the psychological disorders of cancer patients during the COVID‐19 outbreak. Therefore, it is necessary to develop psychological interventions to improve the mental health of cancer patients during the pandemic.
PET imaging to assess fibroblast activation protein inhibitor biodistribution: A training program adapted to pharmacology education
Authors: Ge Luna , Song Guanhua , Zhang Yuang , Pan Jihong , Zhang Yihang , Wang Lin , Cheng Kai 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn the process of pharmacology education, practical teaching is an important complement to theoretical teaching. These activities include the use of experimental animals to obtain certain pharmacological parameters or to help students understand certain classical concepts. However, the growing interest in laboratory animal welfare, the rapid development of pharmacology research and the challenges of cultivating innovative pharmacy talent create a need for innovative and flexible in vitro experiments for teaching purposes. Here, we report the application of positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of 18F‐labeled fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (18F‐FAPi) to practical pharmacology teaching, enabling dynamic visualization of the distribution and excretion process of FAPi in mice. Students can quantitatively analyze the distribution of FAPi in various tissues and organs without sacrificing the mice. Furthermore, the newly implemented method resulted in highly reproducible results and was generally appreciated by the students. Additionally, the application of PET imaging in pharmacokinetic teaching can not only greatly reduce the use of experimental animals but also need not sacrificing animals. Of note is that dynamic scanning data from this project can be used for online practical teaching during COVID‐19 pandemic.