bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contrasting changes in hydrological processes of the Volta River basin under global warming
Authors: Dembélé Moctar , Vrac Mathieu , Ceperley Natalie , Zwart Sander J. , Larsen Josh , Dadson Simon J. , Mariéthoz Grégoire , Schaefli Bettina 
Published: March 2022

Abstract. A comprehensive evaluation of the impacts of climate change on water resources of the West Africa Volta River basin is conducted
in this study, as the region is expected to be hardest hit by global
warming. A large ensemble of 12 general circulation models (GCMs) from the fifth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) that are dynamically downscaled by five regional climate models (RCMs) from the Coordinated Regional-climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX)-Africa is used. In total, 43 RCM–GCM combinations are considered under three representative concentration pathways (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5). The reliability of each of the climate datasets is first evaluated with satellite and reanalysis reference datasets. Subsequently, the Rank Resampling for Distributions and Dependences (R2D2) multivariate bias correction method is applied to the climate datasets. The bias-corrected climate projections are then used as input to the mesoscale Hydrologic Model (mHM) for hydrological projections over the 21st century (1991–2100). Results reveal contrasting dynamics in the seasonality of rainfall, depending on the selected greenhouse gas emission scenarios and the future projection periods. Although air temperature and potential evaporation increase under all RCPs, an increase in the magnitude of all hydrological variables (actual evaporation, total runoff, groundwater recharge, soil moisture, and terrestrial water storage) is only projected under RCP8.5. High- and low-flow analysis suggests an increased flood risk under RCP8.5, particularly in the Black Volta, while hydrological droughts would be recurrent under RCP2.6 and RCP4.5, particularly in the White Volta. The evolutions of streamflow indicate a future delay in the date of occurrence of low flows up to 11 d under RCP8.5, while high flows could occur 6 d earlier (RCP2.6) or 5 d later (RCP8.5), as compared to the historical period. Disparities are observed in the spatial patterns of hydroclimatic variables
across climatic zones, with higher warming in the Sahelian zone. Therefore,
climate change would have severe implications for future water availability
with concerns for rain-fed agriculture, thereby weakening the water–energy–food security nexus and amplifying the vulnerability of the
local population. The variability between climate models highlights uncertainties in the projections and indicates a need to better represent
complex climate features in regional models. These findings could serve as a guideline for both the scientific community to improve climate change
projections and for decision-makers to elaborate adaptation and mitigation
strategies to cope with the consequences of climate change and strengthen
regional socioeconomic development.
Vegetation dynamics and precipitation sensitivity in three regions of northern Pantanal of Mato Grosso
Authors: De Moraes Tonny Jader , Machado Nadja Gomes , Biudes Marcelo Sacardi , Banga Nelson Mario , Caneppele Laís Braga 
Published: March 2022

The wet areas of the Pantanal provide important services such as water and carbon storage, improved water quality, and climate regulation. Analysis and monitoring of vegetated land and precipitation on a regional scale using remote sensing data can provide important information for the preservation of the landscape and biodiversity of the region. Thus, the purpose was to analyze characteristics of the green cycle of the vegetated surface and to what extent the vegetated surface responds to the variability of precipitation in the Pantanal. The areas include the regions of Cáceres (CAC), Poconé (POC), and Barão de Melgaço (BAM) in Mato Grosso. Time series of accumulated precipitation (PPT) and NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) were used for the period from 2000 to 2016, obtained on NASA’s Giovanni platform (National Aeronautics and Space Administration). The analysis of the wavelet transform was applied for NDVI data and there was cross-correlation analysis for PPT and NDVI data. The results showed that the highest correlation between PPT and NDVI was positive with a 1-month lag, but was significant with a lag of up to 3 months. The wavelet analyses showed that the largest wavelet powers occurred at the frequency between 0.5 and 1.3 years, i.e., the NDVI series presented the main variances on the approximately annual scale, indicating that these characteristics are important aspects of local phenology variability, such as cumulative green throughout the year and generalized senescence.
Lemon myrtle (Backhousia citriodora) leaf extract on biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Almousawi Alia Hussien , Abed Hujan Abdulraheem , Ibrahim Zainab Khaleel , Hussein Neamah Bent Alhuda 
Published: March 2022

This study includes 10 samples isolated from a different source. This research paper was to study the antibacterial activity and antibiofilm activity of an alcoholic extract of Lemon Myrtle (Backhousia citriodora) leaves, against 10 clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aerogenoza. Isolates were diagnosed by the VITEK-2 compact system and (PCR). The capacity of isolates to produce biofilm was tested by using the Microtiter plate technique (96 wells). The results showed that isolates were able to form a biofilm, also the ability of Backhousia citriodora was been effective on bacteria and biofilm formation.
Comparative evaluation demineralized freeze dried bone allograft with and without platelet rich fibrin in intrabony defects
Authors: Raj Akshatha , Prasad Rohit , Gupta Bharat , Swahney Anshul , Tiwari Vaibhav , Mistry Laresh 
Published: March 2022

Background and Objectives: The study was designed to evaluate the clinical and radiological effectiveness of demineralized freeze dried bone allograft with and without platelet rich fibrin in intrabony defects. Materials and Methods: twelve patients with 2 intrabony defects were recruited for the study. The two defects in each patient were randomly assigned to receive either DFDBA (site A) or DFDBA with PRF (site B). Soft tissue measurements and radiographs were taken at baseline, 3, 6 and 9 months. Results: The results indicated that probing depths were reduced by 3.08 ± 1.16 mm at site A and 3.33 ± 1.72 mm at site B. Site A resulted in 2.42 ± 1.24mm attachment gain, while site B had a 3.17 ± 1.40 mm gain in attachment Site A. Defects displayed 2.00mm bone fill. Site B defects showed 3.00 mm bone fill. Both treatments provided soft and hard tissue improvement when compared to baseline. No statistical significance was noted between the two groups. Conclusion: The Clinical evaluation is suggestive of the fact that both DFDBA and PRF are biocompatible with the tissues.
MOTIVASI TARUNA DALAM MEMILIH PROGRAM STUDI KETATALAKSANAAN PELAYARAN NIAGA DAN KEPELABUHAN PADA AKADEMI MARITIM NUSANTARA BANJARMASIN
Authors: Syahbudin Akhmad , Nurdin Moch 
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini bertolak dari anggapan dasar bahwa tingginya Motivasi Taruna pada angkatan 2019 memilih Program Studi Ketatalaksanaaan Pelayaran Niaga dan Kepelabuhan. Subjek penelitian adalah Taruna angkatan 2019 dengan jumlah 20 orang dan yang menjadi objek penelitian adalah Motivasi Taruna dalam Memilih Program Program Studi Ketatalaksanaaan Pelayaran Niaga dan Kepelabuhan Akademi Maritim Nusantara Banjarmasin, serta faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi nya.
Hasil penelitian ternyata ditemukan bahwa Motivasi Taruna dalam memilih Program Studi (66%) dengan kategori tinggi, hasil tersebut didapat dari 4 indikator. Adapun faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi Motivasi Taruna dalam memilih Program Studi seperti: Persepsi Taruna, koleksi buku, keluarga, teman sejawat, latar belakang pendidikan dan kesempatan kerja. Dari 6 indikator tersebut hanya 5 indikator yang memberikan pengaruh terhadap tumbuhnya motivasi Taruna dalam memilih program studi.
Business and Biodiversity
Authors: Spurgeon James 
Published: March 2022

Biodiversity loss is a major global issue of increasing significance to the public, politicians and businesses. A key contributory solution, as advocated by the UN Convention of Biological Diversity and Millenium Ecosystem Assessment is to change the way people and businesses behave towards the environment through introducing “economic incentives for biodiversity” (EIBs). These EIBs begin to reflect the true value of the environment, and are now being adopted worldwide with significant implications for businesses.
The overall objective of a series of four articles to be published over the next four months is to explore the literature relevant to the extent to which the development of economic incentives for biodiversity is likely to be an opportunity or risk for extractive and water companies over the next five to 10 years.
This first article begins the investigation by outlining the links between business and biodiversity. Subsequent articles will explain what economic incentives for biodiversity are, indicate some of the associated implications of climate change, and highlight what strategies companies can adopt to best deal with environmental and biodiversity issues and the development of EIBs.
Economic Incentives for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services
Authors: Spurgeon James 
Published: March 2022

Summary:
Biodiversity and ecosystem services loss is a major global issue of increasing significance to the public, politicians and businesses. A key contributory solution, as advocated by the UN Convention of Biological Diversity and Millenium Ecosystem Assessment is to change the way people and businesses behave towards the environment through introducing economic incentives for biodiversity and ecosystem services (EIBs). These EIBs begin to reflect the true value of the environment, and are now being adopted worldwide with significant implications for businesses.
This is the second article in a series of four with the overall objective of exploring the literature relevant to the extent to which the development of economic incentives for biodiversity is likely to be an opportunity or risk for extractive and water companies over the next five to10 years.
The first article began the investigation by outlining the links between business and biodiversity. This second article explains what economic incentives for biodiversity are and provides examples from the literature that helps demonstrate how important they are becoming. Subsequent articles will indicate some of the associated implications of climate change, and highlight what strategies companies can adopt to best deal with environmental and biodiversity issues and the development of EIBs.
Effects of Climate Change on Biodiversity and Economic Instruments for Biodiversity
Authors: Spurgeon James 
Published: March 2022

Biodiversity loss is a major global issue of increasing significance to the public, politicians and businesses. A key contributory solution, as advocated by the UN Convention of Biological Diversity and Millenium Ecosystem Assessment is to change the way people and businesses behave towards the environment through introducing “economic incentives for biodiversity” (EIBs). These EIBs begin to reflect the true value of the environment, and are now being adopted worldwide with significant implications for businesses.
The overall objective of this series of four articles is to explore the literature relevant to the extent to which the development of economic incentives for biodiversity is likely to be an opportunity or risk for extractive and water companies over the next five to 10 years.
The first article began the investigation by outlining the links between business and biodiversity. The second article explained what economic incentives for biodiversity are.This brief third article indicates some of the associated implications of climate change.
Workplace Insecurity: The Case for Global Governance
Authors: Hough Peter 
Published: March 2022

The annual global death toll from accidents at work far outstrips that accrued in acts of war or terrorism, but the phenomenon struggles to command anything like the prominence of these traditional priorities of international security in global politics. Whilst the 'securitization' of many non-military issues, such as climate change and disease, has come to be accepted in some sections of the academic and 'real' political world, this status has very rarely been granted to workplace accidents. This seems to be because of the perception that a) accidental deaths cannot be equated to deaths inflicted directly by enemies (including non-human ones) and b) protecting workers is a domestic rather than international political concern. Protecting people against such accidents, though, is a legal and political task which has been accepted by industrialized governments from as far back as the late nineteenth century when 'social security' policies began to evolve in response to changing economic and social conditions. Equally, incidents of workers in Less Developed Countries being killed are no longer unfortunate problems unconnected with the relatively safe lives of people in the global North since developed world consumers are functionally connected to these systemic failures as never before. This paper therefore presents the case for the international community to adopt a human security approach which allows for worker safety to be given the international political priority it deserves.
Corporate Governance and Climate Change: Smoothing Temporal Dissonance to a Phased Approach
Authors: Andreadakis Stelios , Benjamin Lisa 
Published: March 2022

SUMMARY Projections for climate change extend decades into the future, and usually to the end of this century due to the long-lived nature of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Predominant normative frameworks for corporate governance are primarily short-term in nature, creating a temporal dissonance within the context of corporate governance and climate change. Adding to this complexity, the energy transition itself has temporal paradoxes and implications for the global economy – the transition away from fossil fuels cannot be too sudden and sharp, but an urgent yet stable, phased transition is required. Statutory interventions in the UK have imposed on directors the requirement to consider the long-term profitability of companies. New initiatives, such as the task force on climate related disclosures (TCFD), the Enterprise Principles, and the Oxford-Martin Principles, also advocate for directors to consider the risks from climate change, including emissions scenarios which take into account short-, medium- and long-term scenarios. It is by using a phased approach to climate risk that a smoothing of this temporal dissonance between corporate governance and climate change can be initiated by businesses. While many of these new governance initiatives do not yet provide the requisite level of specificity to demonstrate how a phased approach could be adopted by particular companies, the TCFD guidance does provide some tools which would allow companies to adopt a phased approach, however the types and levels of detail of these tools should be increased for a variety of types of industry.
Legal Status of the Present-Day Employee in the US: Arbitration, Gig Economy & AI
Authors: L. Pate Richard 
Published: March 2022

The employer-employee relationship is a derivative of asymmetrical bargaining power. Legislation and unions have historically been the means of lessening such inequitable underpinnings. Most recently, however, such measures have been curtailed and the negotiating gap between the employer and employee is again widening. The aim of this article is to suggest that three developments are converging to cause such a predicament: (1) the suffocation of the employees’ collective voice; (2) the development of the ‘independent contractor’ dependent gig economy; and (3) the swelling use of artificial intelligence in the workplace
Arbitration, Class Action, Unions, Protected Concerted Activity, Gig Worker, Gig Economy, Artificial Intelligence, independent contractor.
Majority Dictates and Minority Rights: ‘Oppression and Mismanagement’ Law and Practice in India – A Primer for International Business Lawyers
Authors: Sharma Ajay Kr. 
Published: March 2022

One of the foundational democratic principles of modern Company Law is that the majority shareholders of the company decide the company’s policy, and take internal management decisions, binding the minority, which are not usually interfered with by the company courts and tribunals. This was first judicially recognized and established in the famous English case of Foss v. Harbottle two centuries ago. Numerous exceptions have however also evolved from time to time to the Foss v. Harbottle rule. One such exception is ‘Oppression and Mismanagement’. And so, the statutory remedies for oppression of the members and mismanagement of the company assume much importance. However, the oppressed minority members cannot easily surmount the necessary statutory thresholds for availing these remedies. Bearing in mind the limiting considerations, this article scrutinizes the current Company Law and policy challenges in this realm in India, by pointedly analysing the key legal provisions in light of some important disputes and case law from India, which also rely on some English cases as well. The salient concluding results clearly and succinctly present the key legal aspects of the regulatory law and practice in India in this crucial area of Company Law, thus making this article an informative and analytical Primer on this area for International Business Lawyers.
Shareholders, minority rights, oppression and mismanagement, Foss v. Harbottle
Insolvency and Data Protection
Authors: Walters Robert 
Published: March 2022

This article examines the interrelationship between crossborder insolvency, insolvency in general and data protection. Prior to the outbreak of the coronavirus, the world had already been facing significant geopolitical and economic challenges. It examines Australia, the European Union, the United Kingdom (BREXIT), and the United States data protection and privacy laws. What has emerged from the recent adoption of data protection and privacy law, is a highly fragmented approach. States and in the case of the European Union have largely gone it alone. This poses significant challenges to entities that are experiencing financial stress and either going through insolvency (including cross border insolvency), restructuring or a merger or acquisition. Insolvency and legal practitioners will need to be aware of the varied approach taken by jurisdictions in defining personal data, the concept of consent and regulatory requirement(s) to appoint a controller or processor. This article argues that increasingly administrators and liquidators will need to consider the various data protection laws, when proceeding with cross-border insolvency.
Cross-border insolvency, insolvency in general and data protection, Australia, the European Union, the United Kingdom (BREXIT), and the United States data protection and privacy laws
Post-brexit Deal: The New Normal for the UK?
Authors: Yeoh Peter 
Published: March 2022

This article examines the broad implications of the fast-tracked approval of the EU (Future Relationship) Bill, otherwise known as the EU Trade and Cooperation Agreement (EUTCA). It raises questions and the new potentials for the UK’s trade and services relationships with the EU, and further asks how and to what extent businesses could prepare for this potentially new normal.
EU Trade and Cooperation Agreement (EUTCA), Brexit, EU, Free Trade Agreement, Governance
Taking Directors Seriously: A Silver Bullet for Triggering the Creditors’ Interest Duty—Part I
Authors: Coumas Michael 
Published: March 2022

Directors of solvent companies owe a fiduciary duty to shareholders qua the company. If a company becomes technically insolvent, the duty switches to the company’s creditors. This is uncontroversial. However, the duty is also said to switch some point before, i.e., in the ‘vicinity of insolvency’. Therefore, directors must be able to make decisions which do not prejudice shareholders, in a way that is free from exposure to claims by creditors. This uncertainty stems from the case law, where the rules of company law have been confused with the policies underlying insolvency law. The two bodies should be considered separately despite their interrelationship in practice. Doing so reveals the proper and fair function of the duty. Its application should be limited to cases of actual insolvency only. While exceptions may be made for cases of irresponsible or negligent risk-taking, this should be the exception – not the rule. This essay is the first of two parts, and examines the emergence of the duty and possible justifications.
company law, insolvency law, directors’ duties, fiduciary duties, agency costs
Taking the Heat: (Non) disclosure of Climate Change Risks in India
Authors: Bhaduri Anik 
Published: March 2022

Following the bankruptcy of Pacific Gas and Electric in California, a number of academic commentators, central banks and regulators are coming to the realization that climate change poses a massive threat to the existing financial markets. While numerous legislative proposals to combat the emerging threat are being discussed across the world, there has been a massive rise in securities litigation involving climate change issues, particularly in the US. As early as in 2007, some US states had begun investigating companies for deliberately misleading their shareholders through non-disclosure of climate change risks. A number of similar suits have followed, increasingly binging into question the meaning and extent of ‘material information’ in the context of capital markets.
In India, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has identified climate change as a potential risk to the stability of the financial system, but there has been little legislative action in this regard. The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) has a provision similar to that in the US requiring all listed companies to disclose ‘material’ facts regarding their assets and value on the market, while Indian courts have long recognized that corporations as well as intermediaries on the securities market are bound by a fiduciary duty to disclose all material information to investors. Drawing a comparison with the rising trend of climate change related securities litigation in the US, this article explores whether a company failing to disclose risks associated with climate change would be in violation of the current Indian regulatory framework, and what kind of legislative changes, if any, are required to safeguard the interests of Indian investors.
Double Taxation of Foreign Dividends: The Damseaux Case Aiming at the Wrong Target! Criticism Should Be Directed towards France and Not Belgium
Authors: Dassesse Marc 
Published: March 2022

The Damseaux judgment of 16 July 2009 (Case C-128/08) marks the unsuccessful end of the efforts deployed by Belgian taxpayers and by the European Commission (Case C-307/08, Commission v. Belgium, presumably to be dropped shortly) to have Belgium shoulder responsibility (by way of the grant of a foreign tax credit) for the French withholding tax on outbound dividends received by Belgian taxpayers. We will review these efforts hereinafter, and the factors that appear to have led to their unsuccessful outcome.
We will also argue that Mr Damseaux might have been more successful in his efforts to avoid the double taxation of his French dividends if he had, instead, lodged a claim against the French tax authorities: He could have argued that the French withholding tax is levied in breach of European law following the end of the reimbursement by the French tax authorities to Belgian resident shareholders of the French ‘Avoir Fiscal’.