bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Building a better understanding of labour exploitation's impact on migrant health: An operational framework
Authors: Boufkhed Sabah , Thorogood Nicki , Ariti Cono , Durand Mary Alison 
Published: August 2022

Background
There is limited evidence on labour exploitation’s impact on migrant health. This population is, however, often employed in manual low-skilled jobs known for poor labour conditions and exploitation risks. The lack of a common conceptualisation of labour exploitation in health research impedes the development of research measuring its effects on migrant health and, ultimately, our understanding of migrants’ health needs.

Aim
To develop an operational conceptual framework of labour exploitation focusing on migrant workers in manual low-skilled jobs.

Methods
Non-probabilistic sampling was used to recruit multidisciplinary experts on labour exploitation. An online Group Concept Mapping (GCM) was conducted. Experts: 1) generated statements describing the concept ‘labour exploitation’ focusing on migrants working in manual low-skilled jobs; 2) sorted generated statements into groups reflecting common themes; and 3) rated them according to their importance in characterising a situation as migrant labour exploitation. Multidimensional Scaling and Cluster Analysis were used to produce an operational framework detailing the concept content (dimensions, statements, and corresponding averaged rating).

Findings
Thirty-two experts sorted and rated 96 statements according to their relative importance (1 “relatively unimportant” to 5 “extremely important”). The operational framework consists of four key dimensions of migrant labour exploitation, distributed along a continuum of severity revealed by the rating: ‘Shelter and personal security’ (rating: 4.47); ‘Finance and migration’ (4.15); ‘Health and safety’ (3.96); and ‘Social and legal protection’ (3.71).

Conclusion
This study is the first to both generate an empirical operational framework of migrant labour exploitation, and demonstrate the existence of a "continuum from decent work to forced labour". The framework content can be operationalised to measure labour exploitation. It paves the way to better understand how different levels of exploitation affect migrant workers’ health for global policymakers, health researchers, and professionals working in the field of migrant exploitation.
Characteristics of colorectal cancer and use of colonoscopy before colorectal cancer diagnosis among individuals with inflammatory bowel disease: A population-based study
Authors: Hansen Tawnya M. , Nugent Zoann , Bernstein Charles N. , Samadder N. Jewel , Murthy Sanjay K. , Singh Harminder 
Published: August 2022

Introduction
There are limited recent data on the characteristics of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-associated colorectal cancer (CRC) and the use of colonoscopy prior to CRC diagnosis among persons with IBD. We analyzed IBD-CRC characteristics, survival after IBD-CRC diagnosis and the use of colonoscopy prior to IBD-CRC diagnosis over time.

Methods
We identified individuals with and without IBD from the University of Manitoba IBD Epidemiology Database and CRC from linkage to the Manitoba Cancer Registry. We compared characteristics of IBD-CRC and sporadic-CRC using logistic regression and survival after CRC diagnosis using Cox regression analysis. We assessed rate and predictors of colonoscopy use 5 years to 6 months prior to IBD-CRC.

Results
1,262 individuals with CRC were included (212 IBD-CRC). IBD was associated with an increased risk of death after CRC diagnosis in 2004–2011 (HR 1.89; 95% CI 1.25–2.88) but not in 2012–2017 (HR = 1.002; CI 0.50–2.03). In the 5 years to 6 months prior to IBD-CRC (1989–2018), 51% underwent colonoscopy, which was very similar to IBD without CRC and contrasted to 9% among sporadic CRCs. Exposure to colonoscopy pre IBD-CRC remained stable through the study period (1989–2002 OR = 1.25; CI 0.77–2.01; 2003–2011 OR = 1.21; CI 0.56–1.70; reference 2012–2018). Exposure to colonoscopy pre-IBD-CRC was not associated with improved post-CRC survival.

Conclusion
The risk of death following CRC diagnosis is not impacted by a diagnosis of IBD in recent years. There is a very high proportion of post colonoscopy CRC among IBD-CRC, which has not changed over the years and needs detailed root-cause analysis and interventions.
Healthcare workers’ knowledge and attitudes towards sterilization and reuse of medical devices in primary and secondary care public hospitals in Nepal: A multi-centre cross-sectional survey
Authors: Panta Gopal , Richardson Ann K. , Shaw Ian C. , Coope Patricia A. 
Published: August 2022

Background
Healthcare facilities reprocess and sterilize reusable medical devices before each invasive clinical procedure, such as surgery, to prevent person-to-person or environmental transmission of pathogens through medical devices. We conducted a nationwide multi-centre cross-sectional survey in primary and secondary-care public hospitals in Nepal to assess the knowledge and attitudes of healthcare workers towards sterilization and reuse of medical devices.

Methods
We carried out a multi-centre cross-sectional survey comprising eleven primary-care (two district-level and nine district hospitals) and two secondary-care (zonal hospitals) public hospitals which covered all seven provinces of Nepal. Survey questionnaires were distributed to 234 healthcare workers including doctors, nurses, paramedics, and office assistants (involved in medical device reprocessing); 219 (93.6%) returned the completed questionnaire. Descriptive analyses of demographic information, knowledge and attitude responses of survey participants were performed. Logistic regression and ordinal regression models for complex samples were used to investigate associations between responses and independent variables.

Results
Except for a few areas, more than 70% of healthcare workers had proper knowledge about different aspects of sterilization and reuse of medical devices. Paramedics and office assistants were less likely to have the correct knowledge in different aspects compared to nurses. Permanent staff were more likely to give correct answers to some knowledge questions compared to temporary staff. Previous infection control training was positively associated with correct responses to some knowledge items. Most of the healthcare workers had positive attitudes towards different aspects of sterilization and reuse of medical devices, and nurses were more likely to have positive attitudes compared with other staff categories.

Conclusions
Most of the healthcare workers had correct knowledge and positive attitudes towards most areas of sterilization and reuse of medical devices. However, they need proper education and training in some areas such as sterilization procedures, storage of sterilized devices, prion decontamination and standard precautions.
On the relative extraction rates of colour compounds and caffeine during brewing, an investigation of tea over time and temperature
Authors: Araslanova Kristina , Nastos Jessica M. , Sommerfeld Jakub , Megill William , Struck Alexander , Shirtcliffe Neil J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Various beliefs are common about the extraction of soluble compounds from leaf tea, suggesting that cold brewed tea or tea brewed for a shorter time than usual may contain a higher polyphenol-to-caffeine ratio, a selling point due to the potential health benefits of polyphenolic compounds. To test these beliefs, we investigated the effect of brewing time and temperature on the colour intensity and caffeine content of the extract of one type of black tea. Results showed that the extraction of the two components of interest had different half-lives, with an initial large variation of the ratio between them rapidly reaching a quite constant value. At different temperatures, a significantly different ratio between caffeine and colour compounds was observed. Although the difference in relative concentration was small, the range of brewing temperatures tested was only 20 Kelvin, so it seems possible to increase this difference. A difference in total extraction efficiency of both components together was noted too. To effectively change the ratio of the components using the extraction time would require using accurate times of less than 3 minutes and accurate temperatures unusual in a home environment.
On solving pseudomonotone equilibrium problems via two new extragradient-type methods under convex constraints
Authors: Khunpanuk Chainarong , Pakkaranang Nuttapol , Pholasa Nattawut 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The primary objective of this study is to develop two new proximal-type algorithms for solving equilibrium problems in real Hilbert space. Both new algorithms are analogous to the well-known two-step extragradient algorithm for solving the variational inequality problem in Hilbert spaces. The proposed iterative algorithms use a new step size rule based on local bifunction information instead of the line search technique. Two weak convergence theorems for both algorithms are well-established by letting mild conditions. The main results are used to solve the fixed point and variational inequality problems. Finally, we present several computational experiments to demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.
Deutsche Waffenexporte nach Mexiko. Heckler & Koch – ein Fall organisationaler Devianz?
Authors: Dauner Dominik 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungDas deutsche Rüstungsunternehmen Heckler & Koch lieferte zwischen 2006 und 2009 auf Grundlage erschlichener Genehmigungen tausende Waffen nach Mexiko. Hierfür reichten Mitarbeitende des Unternehmens als unrichtig erkannte Endverbleibserklärungen bei den deutschen Behörden ein. Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt die Frage, wie sich diese deviante Praxis erklären lässt und prüft die Hypothese, dass es sich dabei um einen Fall organisationaler Devianz handelt. Über qualitative Inhaltsanalysen von Dokumenten werden zunächst Strukturdaten erhoben, welche für ein Vorliegen organisationaler Devianz sprechen. Anhand der Mechanismen der Institutionalisierung organisationaler Devianz wird im Anschluss dargelegt, wie sich diese Strukturdaten in die kollektive Anerkennung informeller Deutungs- und Handlungsregeln übersetzt haben könnten. Abschließend zeigt sich, dass der untersuchte Fall nicht durch eine Form individueller, sondern durch organisationale Devianz erklärt werden kann.
El proyecto de creación del Estado del Centro, 1870
Authors: Mares Centeno Evelin 
Published: August 2022

El 21 de julio de 1870 los principales vecinos de la ciudad de León y el cabildo, emprendieron las gestiones necesarias para crear una nueva entidad federativa que llevaría el nombre de Estado del Centro, la cual estaría compuesta por ayuntamientos de los estados de Jalisco y Guanajuato. A pesar de que se trató de un proyecto político que se llevó a cabo en un momento en el que se estaba reconfigurando la geografía política del país, y de que contaba con los requisitos que solicitaba la Constitución de 1857, no logró consolidarse. Sin embargo, su estudio permite acercarse a conocer el proceso de configuración política del territorio.
Beirut schools of the Imperial Orthodox Palestine Society (1887-1914): a religious and political project of M. A. Cherkasova (based on materials from Archive of the Foreign Policy of the Russian Empire)
Authors: Fedotov P. V. 
Published: August 2022

The article examines the phenomenon of Maria Alexandrovna Cherkasova, the founder and permanent head of the Beirut schools of the Imperial Orthodox Palestine Society in 1887-1914. This woman implemented a project in which educational activities were organically combined with religion and feminism. The main message of M. A. Cherkasova is “a man and a woman are equal in the eyes of God.” High level of intelligence, deep religiosity, intolerance to hypocrisy and formalism, willingness to fight uncompromisingly for their ideals allowed M. A. Cherkasova will become one of the recognized leaders of the Beirut Orthodox community. Acting “for the Glory of God,” M. A. Cherkasova clashed with influential men: N. M. Anichkov, curator of Imperial Orthodox Palestine Society educational institutions, inspectors, Russian consuls in Beirut, Arab Selim Shkhade.The article is based on a study of a large number of unpublished sources stored in six files of the RIPPO Foundation from the Archive of Foreign Policy of the Russian Empire. Of the greatest interest is a long letter from M. A. Cherkasova addressed to the chairman of the society, Elizabeth Fedorovna: a kind of confession, a “cry of the soul”, a final story about the activities of Beirut schools, as well as an alternative history of the activities of the Imperial Orthodox Palestine Society in the Middle East. The subjective opinion of M. A. Cherkasova is balanced by the assessments of other Imperial Orthodox Palestine Society employees: teachers A. S. Dubenskaya and A. F. Klementovskaya, inspector M. M. Nikanorov, as well as N. M. Anichkov and Elizaveta Fedorovna.The study of a large number of unique, previously unpublished documents makes it possible to make a psychologically reliable portrait of M. A. Cherkasova and objectively assess her achievements.
The Kalaotoa Fault: A Newly Identified Fault that Generated the Mw 7.3 Flores Sea Earthquake
Authors: Supendi Pepen , Rawlinson Nicholas , Prayitno Bambang Setiyo , Widiyantoro Sri , Simanjuntak Andrean , Palgunadi Kadek Hendrawan , Kurniawan Andri , Marliyani Gayatri Indah , Nugraha Andri Dian , Daryono Daryono , Anugrah Suci Dewi , Fatchurochman Iman , Gunawan Mohammad Taufik , Sadly Muhammad , Adi Suko Prayitno , Karnawati Dwikorita , Arimuko Abraham 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe reveal the existence of a previously unknown fault that generated the Mw 7.3 Flores Sea earthquake, which occurred on 14 December 2021, approximately 100 km to the north of Flores Island, in one of the most complex tectonic settings in Indonesia. We use a double-difference method to relocate the hypocenters of the mainshock and aftershocks, determine focal mechanisms using waveform inversion, and then analyze stress changes to estimate the fault type and stress transfer. Our relocated hypocenters show that this earthquake sequence ruptured on at least three segments: the source mechanism of the mainshock exhibits dextral strike-slip motion (strike N72°W and dip 78° NE) on a west–east-trending fault that we call the Kalaotoa fault, whereas rupture of the other two segments located to the west and east of the mainshock (striking west-northwest and southeast, respectively) may have been triggered by this earthquake. The Coulomb stress change imparted by the rupture of these segments on nearby faults is investigated, with a focus on regions that experience a stress increase with few associated aftershocks. Of particular interest are stress increases on the central back-arc thrust just north of Flores and the north–south-striking Selayar fault in the northwest of our study region, both of which may be at increased risk of failure as a result of this unusual earthquake sequence.
Çocuğun Tekrarlayan Fiziksel İstismarında Hekim Yaklaşımının Önemi ve Geciken Mahkeme Kararı Neticesinde Meydana Gelen Cinsel İstismar: Olgu Sunumu
Authors: Akbaba Murat , Isır Aysun Baransel , Şaştım Mustafa Uğur , Tataroğlu Zekeriya 
Published: August 2022

Child abuse is an important problem seen all over the world. It is very important to identify the abused children in order to protect the health of the child and to get rid of repetitive abuse where the abuser is a member of the family. A girl was subjected to repetitive physical abuse was detected in the examinations. Although the necessary recommendations were made during the judicial reporting process, physical abuse continued due to the lack of action by the judicial authorities, and finally, sexual abuse was added. By sharing this case, it is aimed to emphasize the importance of the physician's approach to the abuse cases and interdisciplinary cooperation between medicine branches, and also the importance of final court decisions and their effective role in the abuse. The importance and necessity of repetitive trainings and cooperation between medical-law-social institutionsin the management of child abuse has been put forward.
Adli Bilimler Perspektifinden Mağdur Psikolojisi
Authors: Şenyuva Gülçin , Türk Burcu 
Published: August 2022

Victim is defined as a person who has been harmed, wronged about something. People experience victimization in many ways in daily life. Victimization is a concept that needs to be handled from a very broad perspective since it covers many factors such as its existence, effect, being individually or in group nature. For this reason, victimology, a sub-field of criminology, has an important place. Victimology is derived from the victima and logos and a science deals with victims of crime. In studies of Victimology, personality traits, behaviors, perception of crime, and attitudes towards criminals are among the risk factors that increase the probability of being a victim. The psychological effects experienced by the victim are considered to be the longest and most important and various changes occur in the behavior and emotions of the victim. It is known that the victims' failure to report to the necessary authorities constitutes an obstacle in both determining and solving social problems. The victim has some rights after the action which are under the control of national and international laws. It is a well-known fact that, victims of crime are supported within the framework of humanitarian values. It is extremely important to act according to the multi-disciplinary model in order to ensure the physical and mental well-being of the victim. It is important to increase the awareness of people by carrying out studies on the psychological problems of victims and to reduce the victimization in the world and in our country.
Penegakan Pelanggaran Hak Asasi Manusia (Ham) Berat Dalam Politik Hukum Di Indonesia: Studi Kasus Timor Timur
Authors: Saputra Ozi , Surajiman Surajiman 
Published: August 2022

Abstract: Inti dari Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM) merupakan upaya menjaga keselamatan eksistensi manusia secara utuh melalui aksi keseimbangan antara kepentingan perseorangan dengan kepentingan umum. Salah satu kasus pelanggaran HAM berat di Indonesia adalah kasus di Timor-Timur, yang telah mendorong dunia internasional agar dibentuk peradilan internasional (international tribunal) bagi para pelakunya. Desakan untuk adanya peradilan internasional khususnya bagi pelanggaran HAM yang berat yang terjadi di Timor-Timur semakin menguat bahkan Komisi Tinggi PBB mengeluarkan ketentuan agar mengungkapkan kemungkinan terjadinya pelanggaran HAM berat di Timor-Timur. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah melihat penegakan pelanggaran HAM di Timor Timur dalam hukum politik Indonesia. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa dari kasus Timor Timur banyak para terdakwa yang menjadi konstitusi atau undang-undang sebagai tameng hukum. Disisi lain, proses pengadilan yang lambat bahkan tertunda merupakan hasil dari faktor-faktor perangkat dan sistem hukum yang tidak dibangun secara serius, sehingga membuktikan bahwa saat itu pemerinta bekerja bukan berdasarkan kesadara, namun karena menguat atau melemahnya tekanan publik.Abstract: The essence of Human Rights (HAM) is an effort to maintain the safety of human existence as a whole through a balance between individual interests and public interests. One of the cases of gross human rights violations in Indonesia is the case in East Timor, which has prompted the international community to establish an international tribunal for the perpetrators. The urge for an international tribunal, especially for the gross human rights violations that occurred in East Timor, is getting stronger and even the UN High Commission has issued a provision to disclose the possibility of serious human rights violations in East Timor. The purpose of this study is to examine the enforcement of human rights violations in East Timor in Indonesian political law. The results of this study indicate that in the East Timor case, many of the defendants became the constitution or laws as legal shields. On the other hand, the slow and even delayed judicial process was the result of factors and the legal system that was not developed seriously, thus proving that at that time the government worked not based on awareness, but because of the strengthening or weakening of public pressure
Features of management of sarcoidosis patients with autoimmune inflammation
Authors: Zinchenko Y. S. , Starshinova A. A. , Malkova A. M. , Kudryavtsev I. V. , Yablonskiy P. K. 
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Currently, the theory of the autoimmune nature of sarcoidosis is increasingly attracting attention. However, there are no clear criteria for autoimmune inflammation in this granulomatous disease, which makes it possible to determine the management tactics of patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis.Materials and methods: In 2017–2019 a prospective comparative study was conducted with the inclusion of 187 people: group I (n = 114) — patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis; control group — healthy individuals (n = 73). Triggers were identified according to the questionnaire “Autoimmune syndrome induced by adjuvants”. Autoantibody levels in the blood were determined using enzyme immunoassay. Peripheral blood B-lymphocytes were examined using flow cytofluorometry. Statistical analysis was carried out using Statistica 10.0 by parametric and nonparametric statistical methods, differences or correlation indicators were considered significant at p ≤ 0.05.Results of the study: triggers were significantly often detected in patients with the symptoms of the autoimmune process (88.5 % vs. 50.0 %, p = 0.042). Antibodies to modified citrullinated vimentin (a-MCV) were detected twice as often as in the control group (40.9 % and 25.0%, respectively). The increase in the level of CD5+CD27 B cells — more than 12.45 % and a change in the ratio of “naive” B cells to memory cells of more than 2:1 were diagnostically significant.Conclusion: The criteria for autoimmune inflammation in patients with sarcoidosis is an increase in the level of anti-MCV more than 10 units / ml and the level of CD5+CD27— more than 12.45 % with a change in the ratio of “naive” B cells to memory cells in a ratio of 2:1. This complex has a high diagnostic sensitivity (91.0 %) and specificity (88.0 %).
Evaluación de la producción energética para el sistema fotovoltaico con microinversores instalado en el edificio de rectoría del Tecnológico de Costa Rica
Authors: Murillo-Soto Luis Diego , Sánchez-Ortiz Hugo , Meza Carlos 
Published: August 2022

La implementación de micro-inversores en sistemas fotovoltaicos presenta como ventaja el aprovechamiento de forma independiente la potencia en el punto de máxima potencia de cada uno los paneles fotovoltaicos, sin importar las condiciones de orientación, sombras y degradación que pueden presentar cada uno de ellos. Esto representa una ventaja significativa, ya que evita problemas de desequilibrio de potencia que se pueden presentar en una cadena de paneles. El presente artículo presenta un análisis de la producción energética para el sistema de micro-inversores instalados en el techo del edificio de rectoría del Tecnológico de Costa Rica. El sistema conectado a red cuenta con una potencia nominal en d.c. de 8.3 kWp, utilizando 31 paneles marca Canadian Solar modelo CS6P-270 conectados cada uno a un micro-inversor marca Enphase modelo M215. El sistema se encuentra en operación desde marzo en 2017 y en 46 meses de producción generó 48.892 MWh, para un desempeño promedio por inversor de 1.570 MWh. En esta evaluación, fue posible comprobar que los paneles solares ubicados hacia el Sur generaron 3.6% adicional total a los paneles ubicados hacia el norte, lo cual representa una generación adicional de 11.4 días por año respecto a los paneles orientados hacia el norte.