bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neurological assessment of newborns with spinal muscular atrophy identified through neonatal screening
Authors: Pane Marika , Donati Maria Alice , Cutrona Costanza , De Sanctis Roberto , Pirinu Matteo , Coratti Giorgia , Ricci Martina , Palermo Concetta , Berti Beatrice , Leone Daniela , Ticci Chiara , Sacchini Michele , Cerboneschi Margherita , Capasso Anna , Cicala Gianpaolo , Pera Maria Carmela , Bravetti Chiara , Abiusi Emanuela , Vaisfeld Alessandro , Vento Giovanni , Tiziano Francesco Danilo , Mercuri Eugenio 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The possibility to identify patients with spinal muscular atrophy through neonatal screenings has highlighted the need for clinical assessments that may systematically evaluate the possible presence of early neurological signs. The aim of this study was to use the Hammersmith Neonatal Neurological Examination (HNNE) and a module specifically designed for floppy infants to assess the possible variability of neurological findings in infants identified through neonatal screening. The infants included in this study were identified as part of a pilot study exploring neonatal screening in two Italian regions. A neurological examination was performed using the HNNE and an additional module developed for the assessment of floppy infants. Seventeen infants were identified through the screening. One patient had 1 SMN2 copy, 9 had 2 copies, 3 had 3, and 4 had more than 3 copies. Nine of the 17 infants (53%) had completely normal results on both scales, 3 had minimal signs, and the other 5 had more obvious clinical signs. The number of SMN2 copies was related to the presence of abnormal neurological signs (p = 0.036) but two SMN2 copies were associated with variable clinical signs as they were found in some infants with respectively normal examination or obvious severe early signs.Conclusions: Our results suggest that the combination of both scales increases the possibility to detect neonatal neurological signs and to define different early patterns of involvement also identifying paucisymptomatic patients.

What is Known:• The use of new therapeutic options in presymptomatic SMA patients leads to a dramatic reduction of the onset and severity of the diesease.• The already existing tools commonly used in Type I SMA (HINE and CHOP-intend) may not be suitable to identify minor neurological signs in the neonatal period.

What is New:• Combining the HNNE and the floppy infant module, we were able to identify early neurological signs in SMA infants identified through newborn screening and may help to predict the individual therapeutic outcome of these patients.• Iinfants with 2 SMN2 copies identified through the screening had a more variable neonatal examination compared to those with three or more copies, in agreement with similar findings in older infants.
Laboratory Simulation of Groundwater Along Uranium-Mining-Affected Flow Paths Near the Grand Canyon, Arizona, USA
Authors: Bern Carleton R. , Campbell Kate M. , Walton-Day Katherine , Van Gosen Bradley S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMining of volumetrically small, but relatively enriched (average 0.6% U3O8) breccia pipe uranium (BPU) deposits near the Grand Canyon, Arizona, USA has the potential to affect groundwater and springs in the area. Such deposits also contain base metal sulfides that can oxidize to generate acid mine drainage and release trace metals. In this study, sequential batch experiments were conducted to simulate the geochemistry of local shallow groundwater that contacts BPU ore and then moves downgradient through sedimentary strata. The experiments simulated shallow groundwater in a carbonate aquifer followed by contact with BPU ore. The experiments subsequently simulated contact with sedimentary rocks and changing oxygen availability. Concentrations of several contaminants of potential concern became substantially elevated in the waters exposed to BPU ore, including As, Co, Ni, U, and Zn, and to a lesser extent, Mo. Of these, Co, Mo, Ni, and U were minimally attenuated by downgradient processes, whereas Zn was partially attenuated. Sb and Tl concentrations were more moderately elevated but also generally minimally attenuated. Although the mixture of elements is particular to these BPU ore deposits, sulfide oxidation in the ore and carbonate buffering of pH by sedimentary rocks generates patterns of water chemistry common in acid mine drainage settings. Ultimately, downgradient concentrations of elements sourced from BPU ore will also be strongly influenced by non-geochemical factors such as the quantities of water contacting BPU materials, heterogeneity of materials along flow paths, and mixing with waters that have not contacted BPU materials.
People versus machines: introducing the HIRE framework
Authors: Will Paris , Krpan Dario , Lordan Grace 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the recruitment process is becoming a more common method for organisations to hire new employees. Despite this, there is little consensus on whether AI should have widespread use in the hiring process, and in which contexts. In order to bring more clarity to research findings, we propose the HIRE (Human, (Artificial) Intelligence, Recruitment, Evaluation) framework with the primary aim of evaluating studies which investigate how Artificial Intelligence can be integrated into the recruitment process with respect to gauging whether AI is an adequate, better, or worse substitute for human recruiters. We illustrate the simplicity of this framework by conducting a systematic literature review on the empirical studies assessing AI in the recruitment process, with 22 final papers included. The review shows that AI is equal to or better than human recruiters when it comes to efficiency and performance. We also find that AI is mostly better than humans in improving diversity. Finally, we demonstrate that there is a perception among candidates and recruiters that AI is worse than humans. Overall, we conclude based on the evidence, that AI is equal to or better to humans when utilised in the hiring process, however, humans hold a belief of their own superiority. Our aim is that future authors adopt the HIRE framework when conducting research in this area to allow for easier comparability, and ideally place the HIRE framework outcome of AI being better, equal, worse, or unclear in the abstract.
Analogical proportions
Authors: Antić Christian 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAnalogy-making is at the core of human and artificial intelligence and creativity with applications to such diverse tasks as proving mathematical theorems and building mathematical theories, common sense reasoning, learning, language acquisition, and story telling. This paper introduces from first principles an abstract algebraic framework of analogical proportions of the form ‘ais tobwhatcis tod’ in the general setting of universal algebra. This enables us to compare mathematical objects possibly across different domains in a uniform way which is crucial for AI-systems. It turns out that our notion of analogical proportions has appealing mathematical properties. As we construct our model from first principles using only elementary concepts of universal algebra, and since our model questions some basic properties of analogical proportions presupposed in the literature, to convince the reader of the plausibility of our model we show that it can be naturally embedded into first-order logic via model-theoretic types and prove from that perspective that analogical proportions are compatible with structure-preserving mappings. This provides conceptual evidence for its applicability. In a broader sense, this paper is a first step towards a theory of analogical reasoning and learning systems with potential applications to fundamental AI-problems like common sense reasoning and computational learning and creativity.
Microstructural and hardness evolution of additively manufactured Al–Si–Cu alloy processed by high-pressure torsion
Authors: Al-Zubaydi Ahmed S. J. , Gao Nong , Wang Shuncai , Reed Philippa A. S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNanostructured Al-9%Si-3%Cu alloy was achieved by direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) and then processed using high-pressure torsion (HPT) processing, which resulted in considerable grain refinement down to 60 nm associated with a substantial dislocation density up 6.2 × 1014 m−2 and a significant reduction in the porosity. Hardness measurements across the horizontal and vertical cross sections showed an improvement in the strength homogeneity for processed samples after 10 turns of HPT processing. These results indicate that a controllable ultrafine-grained microstructure can be achieved by employing additive manufacturing, followed by effective severe plastic deformation processing.
Spectroscopic Behavior and Photophysical Parameters of 2-(Acetoxymethyl)-6-(1,2,4-triazinylaminodihydroquinazolinyl)tetrahydropyran Derivative in Different Solid Hosts
Authors: Sakr Mahmoud E. M. , Kana Maram T. H. Abou , Elwahy Ahmed H. M. , Abdelwahed Mohamed S. , El-Daly Samy A. , Ebeid El-Zeiny M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOptical and photophysical properties of 6-substituted-1,2,4-Triazine fluorescent derivative dye doped in silicate based sol–gel, homopolymer of methyl methacrylate (PMMA), and copolymer (MMA/diethylene glycol dimethacrylate) (DEGDMA) were investigated. The pores of different hosts and caging of the dye were found to effect on the parameters such as molar absorptivity, cross sections of singlet–singlet electronic absorption and emission spectra, excited state lifetime, quantum yield of fluorescence. The dipole moment of electronic transition, the length of attenuation and oscillator strength of electronic transition from So → S1 have been calculated. The dye was pumped with different powers using 3rd harmonic Nd: YAG laser of 355 nm and pulse duration 8 ns, with repetition rate 10 Hz. Good photo stability for dye was attained. After 55,000 pumping pulses of (10 mJ/pulse), the photo-stabilities were decreased to 53%, 48%, and 45% of the initial ASE of dye in sol gel, PMMA, and Co-polymer respectively. The dye in sol–gel matrix showed improvement of photo stability compared with those in organic polymeric matrices.
Convergence rates for the heavy-ball continuous dynamics for non-convex optimization, under Polyak–Łojasiewicz condition
Authors: Apidopoulos Vassilis , Ginatta Nicolò , Villa Silvia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe study convergence of the trajectories of the Heavy Ball dynamical system, with constant damping coefficient, in the framework of convex and non-convex smooth optimization. By using the Polyak–Łojasiewicz condition, we derive new linear convergence rates for the associated trajectory, in terms of objective function values, without assuming uniqueness of the minimizer.
On preferring
Authors: Blumberg Kyle 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this paper, I draw attention to comparative preference claims, i.e. sentences of the form $$\ulcorner $$
⌜
S prefers p to q$$\urcorner $$
⌝
. I show that preference claims exhibit interesting patterns, and try to develop a semantics that captures them. Then I use my account of preference to provide an analysis of desire. The resulting entry for desire ascriptions is independently motivated, and finds support from a wide range of phenomena.
Dialysis or kidney transplantation in older adults? A systematic review summarizing functional, psychological, and quality of life-related outcomes after start of kidney replacement therapy
Authors: Schoot Tessa S. , Goto Namiko A. , van Marum Rob J. , Hilbrands Luuk B. , Kerckhoffs Angèle P. M. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
In older patients, the choice between kidney transplantation (KT) and dialysis may be complicated because of a high prevalence of comorbidities and geriatric syndromes. Ideally, this decision-making process focusses on older patients’ outcome priorities, which frequently include functional, psychological, and quality of life (QOL)-related outcomes.

Purpose
This systematic review aims to summarize functional, psychological (including cognition), and QOL-related outcomes after start of kidney replacement therapy (KRT) in older adults.

Methods
We searched PubMed and Embase for research that investigated change in these variables after start of KRT in patients aged ≥ 60 years. Data were extracted using the summary measures reported in the individual studies. Risk of bias was assessed with the ROBINS-I tool.

Results
Sixteen observational studies (prospective n = 9, retrospective n = 7; KT-recipients n = 3, dialysis patients n = 13) were included. The results show that QOL improves in the majority of the older KT recipients. After start of dialysis, QOL improved or remained stable for most patients, but this seems less prevalent than after KT. Functional status decreases in a substantial part of the older dialysis patients. Furthermore, the incidence of serious fall injuries increases after start of dialysis. Nutritional status seems to improve after start of dialysis.

Conclusion
The interpretability and comparability of the included studies are limited by the heterogeneity in study designs and significant risk of bias in most studies. Despite this, our overview of functional, psychological (including cognition), and QOL-related outcomes is useful for older adults and their clinicians facing the decision between KT and dialysis.
Messung der kardiorespiratorischen Fitness mit unterschiedlichen Kurzbelastungstests
Authors: Frühauf Alexander , Kugler Joachim , Spitzer Silvia , Seibt Reingard 
Published: May 2022

Zusammenfassung
Problem- und Zielstellung
Eingeschränkte kardiorespiratorische Fitness (CRF) gilt als Risikofaktor für die Entwicklung von Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen. Häufig erfolgt die CRF-Ermittlung mit dem submaximalen Belastungs-EKG (Fahrradergometrie). Es mangelt an Testverfahren, die ortsunabhängig und ökonomisch als Screeninginstrument zur Früherkennung eingeschränkter CRF einsetzbar sind. Deshalb wurde untersucht, ob auch kurze Belastungstests (nachfolgend Kurztests) eine zuverlässige Aussage zur CRF ermöglichen und eine Alternative zum Belastung-EKG sein können.

Methodik
Die Untersuchungen erfolgten im Rahmen der arbeitsmedizinischen Vorsorge. Diese bestand aus einem Fragebogen (u. a. anamnestische, soziodemografische, lebensstilbezogene Angaben), körperlichen Untersuchungen (u. a. Body Mass Index, Herzfrequenz, Blutdruck) und vier Belastungstests (submaximales Belastungs-EKG, Kurztests: Kurzergometrie, Stepp-Test, Kniebeugetest). In die Analysestichprobe gingen 66 Erwerbstätige (30 Frauen, 36 Männer; Durchschnittsalter: 48 Jahre) ein. Die CRF wurde nach der Formel von Wicks et al. (2011) ermittelt.

Ergebnisse
Die CRF war in den Kurztests signifikant geringer als im Belastungs-EKG (η2partial = 0,23). Mit den Kurztests wurde der submaximale Belastungsbereich nicht erreicht. Die CRF korrelierte zwischen Belastungs-EKG und Kurztests sehr gering bis gering (r = 0,16–0,23). Zwischen den Kurztests bestanden mittlere Korrelationen (r = 0,54–0,62). Geschlecht, Alter und Sportstunden/Woche beeinflussen die CRF.

Schlussfolgerung
Die Kurztests können das Belastungs-EKG nicht ersetzen. Bei ihnen wird nicht die eigentliche CRF ermittelt, sondern eine neu definierte Kurzbelastungsfitness. Ob die Kurzbelastungsfitness Aussagen über das kardiorespiratorische Erkrankungsrisiko ermöglicht, ist weiter zu untersuchen.
„Ich fand die Unterrichtsstunde interessant – du etwa nicht?“
Authors: Becker Eva S. , Keller Melanie M. 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungDer Umgang mit einer heterogenen Schülerschaft ist für Lehrpersonen in jeder Unterrichtsstunde eine neue Herausforderung, da es neben stabilen Unterschieden auch dynamische Schwankungen in motivational-affektiven Voraussetzungen gibt. Das Ziel des vorliegenden Beitrags ist es die Variabilität und Prädiktoren (Klassenkomposition bzgl. des individuellen Interesses, Unterrichtsqualität und adaptive Unterrichtsgestaltung) des situationalen Interesses einer Klasse zu untersuchen und zusätzlich das Ausmaß der Heterogenität zwischen den Schülerinnen und Schüler einer Klasse zu fokussieren. In einer kombinierten Fragebogen- und Tagebuchstudie mit 41 Klassen und ihren Mathematiklehrpersonen (n = 879 Schüler*innen,n = 307 Unterrichtslektionen) konnte in hierarchischen Regressionsmodellen gezeigt werden, dass das situationale Interesse durch Merkmale der spezifischen Lektion (Unterrichtsqualität und adaptive Unterrichtsgestaltung) erklärt werden konnte, während Klassenkompositionsmerkmale (individuelles Interesse) eine untergeordnete Rolle spielten. Bezüglich der Heterogenität im situationalen Interesse konnten der Enthusiasmus der Lehrperson und eine adaptive Unterrichtsgestaltung als relevante Prädiktoren identifiziert werden.
Contemplations and investigations on green coagulants in treatment of surface water: a critical review
Authors: Karnena Manoj Kumar , Saritha Vara 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCoagulation is an essential and easy process to treat water and wastewater and also to adopt for point of use solutions. Coagulants have played a significant role in providing safe and potable water. Nevertheless, the ill effects of chemical coagulants, such as health effects and substantial sludge quantities, cannot be ignored. Under given conditions, the search for alternative coagulants has been the need of the hour, and researchers have presented those natural coagulants are promising alternatives. The exploration and evaluation of plant-based coagulants have shown that these are fit to substitute chemical coagulants sustainably. Previous studies have presented the efficacy of various coagulants but could not fill in the gap existing in terms of a cumulative database of natural coagulants. In these lines, the focus of the current review is to present the history of natural coagulants, the science involved and studies carried out to evaluate them at different levels. Furthermore, a cumulative database of 57 natural coagulants with their efficacy in removing impurities from raw water is presented.
Community detection with a subsampled semidefinite program
Authors: Abdalla Pedro , Bandeira Afonso S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSemidefinite programming is an important tool to tackle several problems in data science and signal processing, including clustering and community detection. However, semidefinite programs are often slow in practice, so speed up techniques such as sketching are often considered. In the context of community detection in the stochastic block model, Mixon and Xie (IEEE Trans Inform Theory 67(10): 6832–6840, 2021) have recently proposed a sketching framework in which a semidefinite program is solved only on a subsampled subgraph of the network, giving rise to significant computational savings. In this short paper, we provide a positive answer to a conjecture of Mixon and Xie about the statistical limits of this technique for the stochastic block model with two balanced communities.
Effects of crop insurance on farm input use: Evidence from Kansas farm data
Authors: Regmi Madhav , Briggeman Brian C. , Featherstone Allen M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCrop insurance has been linked to changes in farm production decisions. In this study, we examine the effects of crop insurance participation and coverage on farm input use. Using a 1993–2016 panel of Kansas farms, evidence exists that insured farms apply more farm chemicals and seed per acre than uninsured farms. We use a fixed effects instrumental variable estimator to obtain the effects of change in crop insurance coverage on farm input use accounting farm-level heterogeneity. Empirical evidence suggests that changes in the levels of crop insurance coverage do not significantly affect farm chemical use. Thus, moral hazard effects from purchasing crop insurance are not large on a per acre basis but can lead to expenditures of $6,100 per farm.
Injuries From Explosions: More Differences Than Similarities Between Various Types
Authors: Rozenfeld Michael , Peleg Kobi , Radomislensky Irina , Ragoler Morel ,   Israel Trauma Group (I.T.G.), Bodas Moran 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objective:
To compare injury patterns of different types of explosions.

Methods:
A retrospective study of 4508 patients hospitalized due to explosions recorded in the Israel National Trauma Registry between January 1997 and December 2018. The events were divided into 4 groups: terror-related, war-related, civilian intentional explosions, and civilian unintentional explosions. The groups were compared in terms of injuries sustained, utilization of hospital resources, and clinical outcomes.

Results:
Civilian intentional and terror-related explosions were found to be similar in most aspects except for factors directly influencing mortality and a larger volume of severely injured body regions among terror-victims. Comparisons between other groups produced some parallels, albeit less consistent. Civilian intentional explosions and civilian unintentional explosions were different from each other in most aspects. The latter group also differed from others by its high volume of life-threatening burns and a higher proportion of children casualties.

Conclusions:
While consistent similarities between explosion casualties exist, especially between victims of intentional civilian and terror-related explosions, the general rule is that clinical experience with a type of explosion cannot be directly transferred to other types.
A possible erect coralline alga from the Ediacaran Dengying Formation in the Zhenba area of South China
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Zhang Xingliang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractStudies of molecular biology suggest a deep origin of coralline red algae in the Neoproterozoic, but unequivocal representatives have not been found in Precambrian rocks. Such scarcity in the fossil record significantly limits our knowledge regarding the origin and early evolution of this group. Phosphatized, fragmented columnar microfossils from the Zhenba microfossil assemblage at the base of the Ediacaran Dengying Formation, South China are presented. Morphologically they represent a novel taxon characterized by: (1) variable and irregularly shaped cross sections, and (2) discontinuous, nonisopachous laminae transversely stacked inside the columns. Integrated morphological comparisons favor their interpretation as probable erect coralline algae. Anatomically, the Zhenba columns resemble present-day geniculate coralline algae in columnar thalli and stromatolithic tissue construction, although they differ from modern geniculate corallines in lacking highly calcified skeletons and tissue-organ differentiation. These anatomical similarities collectively suggest that the Zhenba columns probably represent stem-group coralline algae. The new finding indicates that early coralline algae could be more diverse than previously thought, and their initial morphological diversification and resultant ecological expansion probably occurred in the middle to late Ediacaran.