bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) diversity along a rainy season and edge effects in a riparian forest in Southeastern Brazil
Authors: Costa Lêda Naiara Pereira , Novais Samuel , Oki Yumi , Fernandes G. Wilson , Borges Magno Augusto Zazá 
Published: November 2022

AbstractKnowledge on the distribution of mosquito communities over time and across human‐modified landscapes is important in determining the risk for vector‐borne disease. The diversity of mosquitoes along a rainy season and edge effects were evaluated in a riparian forest in the Cerrado biome, Southeastern Brazil. Mosquito communities were sampled with Shannon traps in three distinct habitats (forest interior, forest edge and pasture) throughout an entire rainy season, comprising five sampling months (December 2015 to April 2016). A total of 13 549 mosquitoes belonging to 54 species were sampled. Mosquito species richness and abundance were greater in February, which coincided with the middle of the rainy season and just after the months with greater rainfall. Mosquito species richness did not differ among habitats for any particular month. In February, month when 74% of individuals were recorded, mosquito abundance was lower in the pasture compared with the forest edge and interior, which did not differ statistically from each other. Four of the six most abundant mosquito species (which account for 93.5% of the sampled individuals) had more individuals collected in the forest edge, and 28 species were more abundant at the edge compared with 15 species in the forest interior. Months with high rainfall probably allowed the availability and maintenance of high‐water level in breeding sites leading to a further increase in mosquito populations. While the pasture did not seem to have the ideal abiotic conditions and/or resources (e.g. food and breeding sites) for mosquito species, edge effects appear to favour mosquito populations. Therefore, the risk of mosquito‐borne diseases is expected to be greater in the middle of the rain season at the riparian forest‐pasture edge, when and where a greater number of disease‐vectoring species are present.
Quercetin and polycystic ovary syndrome; inflammation, hormonal parameters and pregnancy outcome: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Vaez Sima , Parivr Kazem , Amidi Fardin , Rudbari Nasim Hayati , Moini Ashraf , Amini Naser 
Published: November 2022

AbstractProblemWomen with PCOS have a reduced total antioxidant level in addition to higher oxidative stress. Quercetin is a flavonol‐type antioxidant that may be found in many foods. Does quercetin affect inflammatory and hormonal factors and clinical outcomes in PCOS patients?Method of StudySeventy‐two women with PCOS were randomly allocated to one of two intervention groups, and each received a daily dosage of 500 mg of Quercetin for the intervention group or a placebo for the control group for a period of 40 days from the start of the menstrual cycle until the day of ovulation. Serum levels of IL‐6, TNF‐alpha, LH, FSH, and AMH were measured using ELISA. In addition, oocyte and embryo grade before IVF and pregnancy rate have been examined.ResultsLH levels reduce significantly in the quercetin group (4.351.62 at baseline to 3.061.43 after 3 months) (p = .029). The results indicated that Quercetin significantly decreased TNF alpha levels in comparison to the pretest (p = .008). Following capsule administration, IL‐6 levels significantly decreased in the quercetin group (p = .001). Except for Δ LH, ΔIL6, and ΔFSH, there was no significant difference in any of the hormones and inflammations parameter changes.ConclusionQuercetin consumption causes improvement in oocyte and embryo grade and the pregnancy rate in PCOS patients. As a result, regular consumption of Quercetin has been shown to decrease inflammatory and LH parameters, making it beneficial for the management of PCOS and related diseases.
Reproductive traits and change in body shape of neonates in the Oak Forest Skink, Plestiodon lynxe
Authors: Feria‐Ortiz Manuel , García‐Vázquez Uri Omar , Pavón‐Vázquez Carlos Joaquín , Nieto‐Montes de Oca Adrián 
Published: November 2022

AbstractReproductive traits are critically important for understanding how organisms adapt to their respective environments. In this study, we provide information on relative litter mass (RLM) and other litter and neonate related characters of nine female Plestiodon lynxe captured in the field. We also recorded seven body dimensions in 16 neonates and 15 two‐month juveniles, and on the basis of these dimensions we compared the body shape of these two age classes to detect changes in the proportions of body parts. The average litter size (4.55) is larger than that found in other viviparous species of Plestiodon, but smaller than those of congeneric oviparous species of similar size. However, the average body size of newborns (25.49 mm) is similar to that of other oviparous and viviparous species of Plestiodon. The average RLM was relatively high (0.36). The relative size of the head and limbs becomes proportionally smaller, whereas the axilla‐groin length becomes proportionally larger in the first 2 months of life. We suggest that these changes are related to changes in locomotion and microhabitat use.
The development, reliability, and validity of the Facilitator Assessment Tool: An implementation fidelity measure used in Parenting for Lifelong Health for Young Children
Authors: Martin Mackenzie , Lachman Jamie M. , Murphy Hugh , Gardner Frances , Foran Heather 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe Parenting for Lifelong Health for Young Children (PLH‐YC) programme aims to reduce violence against children and child behaviour problems among families in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs). Although the programme has been tested in four randomised controlled trials and delivered in over 25 countries, there are gaps in understanding regarding the programme's implementation fidelity and, more generally, concerning the implementation fidelity of parenting programmes in LMICs.AimsThis study aims to address these gaps by examining the psychometric properties of the PLH‐YC‐Facilitator Assessment Tool (FAT)—an observational tool used to measure the competent adherence of PLH‐YC facilitators. Examining the psychometric properties of the FAT is important in order to determine whether there is an association between facilitator competent adherence and programme outcomes and, if correlated, to improve facilitator performance. It is also important to develop the implementation literature among parenting interventions in LMICs.MethodsThe study examined the content validity, intra‐rater reliability, and inter‐rater reliability of the FAT. Revision of the tool was based on consultation with programme trainers, experts, and assessors. A training curriculum and assessment manual was created. Assessors were trained in Southeastern Europe and their assessments of facilitator delivery were analysed as part of a large‐scale factorial experiment (N = 79 facilitators).ResultsThe content validity process with PLH‐YC trainers, experts, and assessors resulted in substantial improvements to the tool. Analyses of percentage agreements and intraclass correlations found that, even with practical challenges, assessments were completed with adequate yet not strong intra‐ and inter‐rater reliability.ConclusionsThis study contributes to the literature on the implementation of parenting programmes in LMICs. The study found that the FAT appears to capture its intended constructs and can be used with an acceptable degree of consistency. Further research on the tool's reliability and validity—specifically, its internal consistency, construct validity, and predictive validity—is recommended.
Prevalence and perspectives of illegal trade in cacti and succulent plants in the collector community
Authors: Margulies Jared D. , Moorman Francesca R. , Goettsch Bárbara , Axmacher Jan C. , Hinsley Amy 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAlthough illegal wildlife trade (IWT) represents a serious threat to biodiversity, research into the prevalence of illegal plant collection and trade remains scarce. Because cacti and succulents are heavily threatened by overcollection for often illegal, international ornamental trade, we surveyed 441 members of the cacti and succulent hobbyist collector community with a mixed quantitative and qualitative approach. We sought to understand collector perspectives on the Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna (CITES) and on the threats IWT poses to cactus and succulent conservation. Most respondents (74% of 401 respondents) stated that illegal collection in cacti and succulents represents a “very serious problem” and that the problem of wild plant collection is increasing (72% of 319 respondents). Most forms of illegal collection and trade were seen as very unacceptable by respondents. Self‐reported noncompliance with CITES rules was uncommon (11.2% of 418 respondents); it remains a persistent problem in parts of the cacti and succulent hobbyist community. People engaging in rule breaking, such as transporting plants without required CITES documents, generally did so knowingly. Although 60.6% of 381 respondents regarded CITES as a very important tool for conservation, sentiment toward CITES and its efficacy in helping species conservation was mixed. Collectors in our survey saw themselves as potentially playing important roles in cactus and succulent conservation, but this potential resource remains largely untapped. Our results suggest the need for enhanced consultation with stakeholders in CITES decision‐making. For challenging subjects like IWT, developing evidence‐based responses demands deep interdisciplinary engagement, including assessing the conservation impact of species listings on CITES appendices.
Breaking the constraint on the number of cervical vertebrae in mammals: On homeotic transformations in lorises and pottos
Authors: Galis Frietson , Van Dooren Tom J. M. , van der Geer Alexandra A. E. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMammals almost always have seven cervical vertebrae. The strong evolutionary constraint on changes in this number has been broken in sloths and manatees. We have proposed that the extremely low activity and metabolic rates of these species relax the stabilizing selection against changes in the cervical count. Our hypothesis is that strong stabilizing selection in other mammals is largely indirect and due to associated pleiotropic effects, including juvenile cancers. Additional direct selection can occur due to biomechanical problems (thoracic outlet syndrome). Low metabolic and activity rates are thought to diminish these direct and indirect effects. To test this hypothesis within the primates, we have compared the number of cervical vertebrae of three lorisid species with particularly low activity and metabolic rates with those of more active primate species, including with their phylogenetically closest active relatives, the galagids (bushbabies). In support of our hypothesis, we found that 37.6% of the lorisid specimens had an abnormal cervical count, which is a higher percentage than in the other nine primate families, in which the incidence varied from zero to 2.2%. We conclude that our data support the importance of internal selection in constraining evolvability and of a relaxed stabilizing selection for increasing evolvability. Additionally, we discuss that there is no support for a role of the muscularized diaphragm in the evolutionary constraint.
Restricted mean survival time versus conventional effect summary for treatment decision‐making: A mixed‐methods study
Authors: Shi Sandra M. , Palmer Jennifer A. , Newmeyer Natalie , Carroll Danette , Steinberg Nessa , Olivieri‐Mui Brianne , Kim Dae Hyun 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundTreatment effect is typically summarized in terms of relative risk reduction or number needed to treat (“conventional effect summary”). Restricted mean survival time (RMST) summarizes treatment effect in terms of a gain or loss in event‐free days. Older adults' preference between the two effect summary measures has not been studied.MethodsWe conducted a mixed methods study using a quantitative survey and qualitative semi‐structured interviews. For the survey, we enrolled 102 residents with hypertension at five senior housing facilities (mean age 81.3 years, 82 female, 95 white race). We randomly assigned respondents to either RMST‐based (n = 49) or conventional decision aid (n = 53) about the benefits and harms of intensive versus standard blood pressure‐lowering strategies and compared decision conflict scale (DCS) responses (range: 0 [no conflict] to 100 [maximum conflict]; <25 is associated with implementing decisions). We used a purposive sample of 23 survey respondents stratified by both their random assignment and DCS from the survey. Inductive qualitative thematic analysis explored complementary perspectives on preferred ways of summarizing treatment effects.ResultsThe mean (standard deviation) total DCS was 22.0 (14.3) for the conventional decision aid group and 16.7 (14.1) for the RMST‐based decision aid group (p = 0.06), but the proportion of participants with a DCS <25 was higher in the RMST‐based group (26 [49.1%] vs 34 [69.4%]; p = 0.04). Qualitative interviews suggested that, regardless of effect summary measure, older individuals' preference depended on their ability to clearly comprehend quantitative information, clarity of presentation in the visual aid, and inclusion of desired information.ConclusionsWhen choosing a blood pressure‐lowering strategy, older adults' perceived uncertainty may be reduced with a time‐based effect summary, although our study was underpowered to detect a statistically significant difference. Given highly variable individual preferences, it may be useful to present both conventional and RMST‐based information in decision aids.
Perceived stigma, barriers, and facilitators experienced by members of the opioid use disorder community when seeking healthcare
Authors: McCurry Mary K. , Avery‐Desmarais Shannon , Schuler Monika , Tyo Mirinda , Viveiros Jennifer , Kauranen Brianna 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionHealthcare professionals, particularly nurses, have negative attitudes towards individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD) and these attitudes can contribute to suboptimal care.The aim of this study was to identify stigma, barriers and facilitators experienced by members of the OUD community when interacting with the healthcare system.DesignA qualitative exploratory design used semi‐structured focus group interviews to address the study aim.MethodsFollowing IRB approval, purposive sampling was used to recruit participants with a history of OUD, family caregivers of individuals with OUD, and support group leaders from regional recovery groups to provide a broad perspective of stigmatizing issues and barriers to care. Focus group discussions were conducted, and video recorded using web‐based conferencing software. Transcripts from the focus groups and field notes were analyzed and coded into themes.ResultsBoth structural and social determinants of health were identified by participants as stigmatizing and/or barriers to care. Thematic content analysis resulted in eight themes: stigmatizing language, being labeled, inequitable care, OUD as a chronic illness, insurance barriers, stigma associated with medications for OUD (MOUD), community resources, and nursing knowledge and care.ConclusionMembers of the OUD community are challenged by both internal and external stigma when seeking healthcare. Stigma negatively affects public support for allocation of resources to treat OUD. Interventions aimed at reducing stigma are critical to support effective OUD treatment and prevent barriers to OUD care.Clinical RelevanceUnderstanding the complex relationships between stigma and structural determinants of health will allow nursing science to develop educational interventions that provide the next generation of nurses with the knowledge, skills, and attitudes needed to advance health equity for individuals with OUD.
Exploring morphological evolution in relation to habitat moisture in the moss genus Fissidens using molecular data generated from herbarium specimens
Authors: Budke Jessica M. , Patel Nikisha R. , Consortium GoFlag , Wienhold Mark D. , Bruggeman‐Nannenga Maria A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMorphological evolution in mosses has long been hypothesized to accompany shifts in microhabitats, which can be tested using comparative phylogenetics. These lines of inquiry have been developed to include target capture sequencing, which can yield phylogenomic scale data from herbarium specimens. Here, we test the relationship between taxonomically important morphological characters in the moss genus Fissidens, using a 400‐locus data set generated using a target‐capture approach in tandem with a three‐locus phylogeny generated using Sanger sequencing. Phylogenetic trees generated using ASTRAL and Bayesian inference were used to test the monophyly of subgenera/sections. These trees provide the basis for ancestral character state reconstructions and phylogenetic correlation analyses for five morphological characters and characters related to the moisture habitat, scored from the literature and by specimen inspection. Many of these characters exhibit statistically significant phylogenetic signal. Significant correlations were found between the limbidium (phyllid/leaf border of the gametophyte) and habitat moisture niche breadth, which could be interpreted as the more extensive limbidium enabling species to survive across a wider variety of habitats. We also found correlations between costa anatomy, peristome morphology, and the limbidium, which could reflect the evolutionary recruitment of genetic networks from the gametophyte to the sporophyte phase. The correlation found between average habitat moisture and the sexual system indicates that dioicous and polyoicous species are more likely to be found in moist habitats and that these higher moisture levels could be particularly, reproductively advantageous to species with separate sexes.
Sleep researchers’ rankings of sleep journals
Authors: Jakobsson Støre Siri , Norell‐Clarke Annika , Jakobsson Niklas 
Published: November 2022

SummaryThe impact factor is used to rank the quality of scientific journals but has been criticised for a number of reasons. The aim of the study was to investigate sleep researchers’ perceptions of sleep journals to determine whether subjective rankings of journals were in line with the journals’ impact factors. Clarivate's Journal Citation Reports website was used to identify journals containing the words ‘sleep’ or ‘dream’ in the titles with an impact factor since 2018, resulting in 12 journals. A survey including questions about how the respondent would rank these journals (e.g., three most prestigious journals) was developed. A total of 122 sleep researchers completed the survey. Sleep, Sleep Medicine Reviews and Journal of Sleep Research were ranked as the three most prestigious sleep journals, in line with the impact factors of the journals. For the rest of the journals, the subjective rankings and impact factors did not correspond as much.
Validation of an automated sleep detection algorithm using data from multiple accelerometer brands
Authors: Plekhanova Tatiana , Rowlands Alex V. , Davies Melanie J. , Hall Andrew P. , Yates Tom , Edwardson Charlotte L. 
Published: November 2022

SummaryTo evaluate the criterion validity of an automated sleep detection algorithm applied to data from three research‐grade accelerometers worn on each wrist with concurrent laboratory‐based polysomnography (PSG). A total of 30 healthy volunteers (mean [SD] age 31.5 [7.2] years, body mass index 25.5 [3.7] kg/m2) wore an Axivity, GENEActiv and ActiGraph accelerometer on each wrist during a 1‐night PSG assessment. Sleep estimates (sleep period time window [SPT‐window], sleep duration, sleep onset and waking time, sleep efficiency, and wake after sleep onset [WASO]) were generated using the automated sleep detection algorithm within the open‐source GGIR package. Agreement of sleep estimates from accelerometer data with PSG was determined using pairwise 95% equivalence tests (±10% equivalence zone), intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) with 95% confidence intervals and limits of agreement (LoA). Accelerometer‐derived sleep estimates except for WASO were within the 10% equivalence zone of the PSG. Reliability between data from the accelerometers worn on either wrist and PSG was moderate for SPT‐window duration (ICCs ≥ 0.65), sleep duration (ICCs ≥ 0.54), and sleep onset (ICCs ≥ 0.61), mostly good for waking time (ICCs ≥ 0.80), but poor for sleep efficiency (ICCs ≥ 0.08) and WASO (ICCs ≥ 0.08). The mean bias between all accelerometer‐derived sleep estimates worn on either wrist and PSG were low; however, wide 95% LoA were observed for all sleep estimates, apart from waking time. The automated sleep detection algorithm applied to data from Axivity, GENEActiv and ActiGraph accelerometers, worn on either wrist, provides comparable measures to PSG for SPT‐window and sleep duration, sleep onset and waking time, but a poor measure of wake during the sleep period.
Genealogies of Truth: Theology, Philosophy and History
Authors: Milbank John 
Published: November 2022

AbstractModern Christian theology still seeks to escape from the historical constitution of truth. This not only contradicts the Incarnation, but has its own genealogical origins in a dubious loss of Christian philosophy as an integral enterprise. In general, genealogy can be seen as negative or positive. Negative genealogy alternatively traces a break with myth, as with early philosophy, or else, as with Hindu thought, traces a break with the spiritual dominance of the One through the inevitable corruption wrought by the Many. Nietzsche offers a strange materialist version of this and Heidegger a nihilistic mutation of the same ‘Asiatic’ account. Some Catholics on the Right have instead stressed a Nietzschean decline through the dominance of a false, ‘herded’ One, abandoning the supremacy of personhood. Positive genealogy is rooted in the Incarnation, is at once natural and cultural, and seeks a blending of the One and the Many, the common good and the personal. Christianity is committed primarily to a positive genealogy and a positive development along these lines. However, theology can make use of a negative genealogy by tracing at once a decline from Unity (like the Hindu narrative) and a decline from a truly personalist fusion of the One with the Many that inherently involves a historical and incarnate generation of the truth.