bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantized output feedback resilient control of uncertain systems under hybrid cyber attacks
Authors: Yu Kun , Chang Xiao‐Heng 
Published: September 2022

SummaryThis article investigates the output feedback resilient control problem of an uncertain system with two quantized signals under hybrid cyber attacks. First, for uncertain systems, the output signal of the system and the output signal of the controller are quantized once by the quantizers before they are passed to the controller and the system respectively, thus affecting the signal with quantization error terms. At the same time, The adverse effects of hybrid cyber attacks, including denial‐of‐service attacks and deception attacks, are also taken into account during the signaling process. In this article, a guaranteed cost resilient controller design method is proposed for the above situation so that the closed‐loop system can be guaranteed to be stable or to meet the given performance index. In addition, by solving the given set of linear matrix inequalities, the design conditions for the relevant parameters required for the resilient controller can be obtained. Finally, the validity of the design method can be verified by simulation.
Magnetic Nanodroplets for Enhanced Deep Penetration of Solid Tumors and Simultaneous Magnetothermal‐Sensitized Immunotherapy against Tumor Proliferation and Metastasis
Authors: Wang Junrui , Zhang Wenli , Xie Zhuoyan , Wang Xingyue , Luo Ying , Jiang Weixi , Liu Yun , Wang Zhigang , Ran Haitao , Song Weixiang , Guo Dajing 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe central cells of solid tumors are more proliferative and metastatic than the marginal cells. Therefore, more intelligent strategies for targeting cells with deep spatial distributions in solid tumors remain to be explored. In this work, a biocompatible nanotheranostic agent with a lipid membrane‐coated, Fe3O4 and perfluoropentane (PFP)‐loaded, cRGD peptide (specifically targeting the integrin αvβ3 receptor)‐grafted, magnetic nanodroplets (MNDs) is developed. The MNDs exhibit excellent magnetothermal conversion and controllable magnetic hyperthermia (MHT) through alternating magnetic field regulation. Furthermore, MHT‐mediated magnetic droplet vaporization (MDV) induces the expansion of the MNDs to transform them into ultrasonic microbubbles, increasing the permeability of tissue and the cell membrane via the ultrasound‐targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD) technique and thereby promoting the deep penetration of MNDs in solid tumors. More importantly, MHT not only causes apoptotic damage by downregulating the expression of the HSP70, cyclin D1, and Bcl‐2 proteins in tumor cells but also improves the response rate to T‐cell‐related immunotherapy by upregulating PD‐L1 expression in tumor cells, thus inhibiting the growth of both primary and metastatic tumors. Overall, this work introduces a distinct application of nanoultrasonic biomedicine in cancer therapy and provides an attractive immunotherapy strategy for preventing the proliferation and metastasis of deeply distributed cells in solid tumors.
Metal‐Free Hydrogenation of N‐Heterocycles with Trimethylamine Borane and TFA in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Zeng Yao‐Fu , Li Yi‐Na , Zhou Ming‐Xi , Han Shuai , Guo Yu , Wang Zhen 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA metal‐free hydrogenation of quinoxalines and indoles with Me3N ⋅ BH3 and TFA in water at room temperature is reported. The protocol is featured with the usage of environmentally friendly water as the solvent, no need of metal catalyst and broad substrate scope. Sensitive functional groups such as OH‐, NH2‐, Cl‐, Br‐, especially ‐CN and ‐CO2Me were well tolerated. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggested that TFA and Me3N ⋅ BH3 provided the proton and hydride sources for the product, respectively.magnified image
“Going through the motions”: A qualitative exploration of the impact of emergency medicine resident burnout on patient care
Authors: Akhavan Arvin Radfar , Strout Tania D. , Germann Carl A. , Nelson Sara W. , Jauregui Joshua , Lu Dave W. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectivesBurnout occurs frequently in emergency medicine (EM) residents and has been shown to have a negative impact on patient care. The specific effects of burnout on patient care are less well understood. This study qualitatively explores how burnout may change the way EM residents provide patient care.MethodsQualitative data were obtained from a sample of 29 EM residents in four semistructured focus groups across four institutions in the United States in early 2019. Transcripts were coded and organized into major patient care themes.ResultsResidents described many ways in which feelings of burnout negatively impacted patient care. These detrimental effects most often fit into one of four main themes: reduced motivation to care for patients, poor communication with patients, difficult interactions with health care colleagues, and impaired decision making.ConclusionsAccording to EM residents, burnout negatively impacts several important aspects of patient care. Resident engagement with clinical care, communication with patients and colleagues, and clinical care may suffer as a result of burnout.
Water insecurity, self‐reported physical health, and objective measures of biological health in the Peruvian Amazon
Authors: Tallman Paula Skye , Collins Shalean M. , Chaparro M. Pia , Salmon‐Mulanovich Gabriela 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectivesThis study examines the associations between water insecurity, self‐reported physical health, and objective measures of biological health among 225 Awajún adults (107 women; 118 men) living in the Peruvian Amazon, a “water‐abundant” region.MethodsA survey, which included multiple measures of self‐reported physical health, and objective measures of biological health such as blood pressure and nutritional and immune biomarkers.ResultsGreater water insecurity was associated with multiple measures of self‐reported physical health, including higher incidence of reported diarrhea, nausea, back pain, headaches, chest pain, fatigue, dizziness, overall poor perceived health, and “being sick.” These symptoms align with the physical strain associated with water acquisition and with drinking contaminated water. A significant association between higher water insecurity and lower systolic blood pressure emerged, which may be linked to dehydration. None of the other biomarkers, including those for nutrition, infection, and stress were significantly associated with water insecurity scores.ConclusionsThese analyses add to the growing body of research examining the associations between water insecurity and health. Biocultural anthropologists are well‐positioned to continue probing these connections. Future research will investigate relationships between measures of water insecurity and biomarkers for gastrointestinal infection and inflammation in water‐scarce and water‐abundant contexts.
Mesoporous N‐rich Carbon with Single‐Ni Atoms as a Multifunctional Sulfur Host for Li‐S Batteries
Authors: Li Yunxiang , Zeng Yinxiang , Chen Ye , Luan Deyan , Gao Shuyan , Lou Xiong Wen (David) 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPhysicochemical confinement and catalytic conversion of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) are crucial to suppress the shuttle effect and enhance the redox kinetics of lithium‐sulfur (Li‐S) batteries. In this study, a NH4Cl‐assisted pyrolysis strategy is developed to fabricate highly mesoporous N‐rich carbon (designed as NC(p)) featuring thin outer shells and porous inner networks, on which single‐Ni atoms are anchored to form an excellent sulfur host (designed as Ni‐NC(p)) for Li‐S batteries. During pyrolysis, the pyrolytic HCl from confined NH4Cl within ZIF‐8 will in situ etch ZIF‐8 to produce rich mesoporous in the carbonized product NC(p). The mesoporous Ni‐NC(p) enables favorable electron/ion transfer, high sulfur loading, and effective confinement of LiPSs, while the catalytic effect of single‐Ni species enhances the redox kinetics of LiPSs. As a result, the sulfur cathode based on the Ni‐NC(p) host delivers obviously improved Li‐S battery performance with high specific capacity, good rate capability, and cycling stability.
Тhio‐containing pteridines: Synthesis, modification, and biological activity
Authors: Kazunin Maxim S. , Groma N. V. , Nosulenko Inna S. , Kinichenko Anna O. , Antypenko Oleksii M. , Shvets Volodymyr M. , Voskoboinik Oleksii Y. , Kovalenko Serhii I. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe present article is devoted to searching for biologically active agents among novel thio‐containing pteridines. Synthetic protocols based on the condensation of 5,6‐diamino‐2‐thioxo‐2,3‐dihydropyrimidin‐4(1H)‐ones with dicarbonyl compounds were elaborated and used for the synthesis of target products. The directions for further modification of the obtained thio‐containing pteridines were substantiated and realized. The spectral properties of the obtained compounds were studied and described. The results of the in silico study revealed that the predicted affinity of the obtained compounds to the dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) active site is comparable with the affinity of methotrexate, despite the differences in the nature of the ligand–enzyme interactions. The in vitro study of DHFR‐inhibiting activity revealed that the most active compounds 3.9 and 4.2 have lg IC50 values of −5.889 and −5.233, respectively, significantly inferior to methotrexate (lg IC50 = −7.605). Additionally, the synthesized compounds were studied for their antiradical activity as a possible mechanism of pharmacological effects. Among the obtained pteridines, compounds 5.1 (lg EC50 = −4.82) and 5.3 (lg EC50= −4.92) have antiradical activity higher than the reference compound ascorbic acid (lg EC50= −4.81). The conducted structure–activity relationship analysis provided valuable data for the further search for biologically active agents among thio‐containing pteridines and related compounds.
Copper‐Curcumin‐Bipyridine Dicarboxylate Complexes as Anticancer Candidates
Authors: Emami Fatemeh , Aliomrani Mehdi , Tangestaninejad Shahram , Kazemian Hossein , Moradi Mohammadmahdi , Rostami Mahboubeh 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this study, copper complexes with Curcumin (Cur) and 2,2’‐bipyridine‐5,5’‐dicarboxylic acid (BPYD) were synthesized and their cytotoxicity on the MDA‐MB‐231 cell lines was evaluated. The resulting complex was characterized using FTIR, UV/VIS, CHNS, TGA, ICP‐MS, and Mass spectroscopy techniques. The in‐vitro cytotoxicity was studied on the MDA‐MB‐231 as a cancerous cell line and the HUVEC as a normal cell line. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was measured using the 2′,7′‐dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA) test in the MDA‐MB‐231 cancer cell lines. The in‐vitro assays revealed that all synthesized copper complexes exhibited a higher cytotoxicity effect than carboplatin as a positive control on the MDA‐MB‐231 cells. While the synthesized complexes exhibited cytotoxic effects on cancerous cell lines, they are practically safe on normal cells. The Cu‐Cur‐BPYD complexes (a5 & b5) exhibited higher cytotoxicity on MDA‐MB‐231 cells with IC50s around 4.9 and 2.3 mM, respectively. It can be concluded that the synthesized Cu‐Cur‐BPYD complexes (a5 & b5) could be considered effective anticancer candidates in complementary studies.
Foam: Imparting Structure to Heterogeneous Catalysis
Authors: Makhania Minaz , Upadhyayula Sreedevi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCeramic and metallic foams have been the subject of research for decades due to their unique and useful properties. The application of foam as a catalytic support is being explored especially for highly endo‐ or exothermic reactions due to better heat transfer. The most widely used catalyst preparation method by wash‐coating for foam‐based catalysts has several drawbacks. Novel preparation methods are reported in the literature. This article provides a critical review of applications of solid foam in heterogeneous catalysis and performance comparison with conventional catalysts, preparation techniques of foam‐based catalysts and methods for performance modeling. The gaps in current research and recommendations to expand the use of foam‐based catalysts to a wider class of reactions by applying innovative methods outlined in the literature are identified. Perspectives on expanding the modeling with solid foam‐based catalysts are also presented.
Sticking the Landing: Enhancing Liposomal Cell Delivery using Reversible Covalent Chemistry and Caged Targeting Groups
Authors: Lou Jinchao , Qualls Megan L. , Best Michael D. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLiposomes are highly effective nanocarriers for encapsulating and delivering a wide range of therapeutic cargo. While advancements in liposome design have improved several pharmacological characteristics, an important area that would benefit from further progress involves cellular targeting and entry. In this concept article, we will focus on recent progress utilizing strategies including reversible covalent bonding and caging groups to activate liposomal cell entry. These approaches take advantage of advancements that have been made in complementary fields including molecular sensing and chemical biology and direct this technology toward controlling liposome cell delivery properties. The decoration of liposomes with groups including boronic acids and cyclic disulfides is presented as a means for driving delivery through reaction with functional groups on cell surfaces. Additionally, caging groups can be exploited to activate cell delivery only upon encountering a target stimulus. These approaches provide promising new avenues for controlling cell delivery in the development of next‐generation liposomal therapeutic nanocarriers.
Comparison of Oxygen Adsorption and Platinum Dissolution in Acid and Alkaline Solutions Using Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance
Authors: Strandberg Linnéa , Shokhen Victor , Luneau Mathilde , Lindbergh Göran , Lagergren Carina , Wickman Björn 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPlatinum (Pt) is a widely used electrocatalyst material in fuel cells and electrolysers. Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells and electrolysis operate under highly acidic conditions whereas the more recently developed anion exchange membrane (AEM) processes take place under alkaline conditions. Pt dissolution and Pt oxidation during operation and varying potentials has been studied mainly for the acidic PEM and less for the alkaline AEM. This study presents a comparison of Pt dissolution and Pt oxidation in 0.5 M H2SO4 and 1 M KOH using electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) on Pt thin films. Physical characterisation using electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed small, yet significant differences in the Pt film surface structure, which is related to differences in measured electrochemical surface area (ECSA). The mass increase from adsorption of oxygenated species and Pt oxidation is higher in alkaline conditions compared to in acid while dissolution of Pt is similar.
Continuous Charge Transport in Carbon Nitride Modulated by Interfacial Chemical Bond and Homophase Junction to Boost Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production
Authors: Zhang Jing , Luo Dan , Chen Xuebing , Luo Shuangmei , Yin Jincheng , Shi Ming , Li Rengui , Ye Sheng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEfficient separation of photogenerated electrons and holes is of key importance in photocatalysis. Tuning the charge separation pathway is significant but still suffering from low efficiency for the charge extraction from semiconductors. Herein, taking 2D g‐C3N4 (CN) nanosheets as a model photocatalyst, it was found the decoration of homophase junction between brookite TiO2 rods and nanoparticles (BN‐BR) onto CN can effectively modulate photogenerated charge extraction and transfer in BN‐BR/CN composites. The BN‐BR/CN exhibits a remarkably enhanced photocatalytic H2 evolution under visible light irradiation (λ>420 nm) compared with the single component. A continuous electron transfer channel constructed by an interfacial chemical bond Ti−O−N between CN and brookite rods (BR) and BN‐BR homophase junction between brookite nanoparticles and rods was proposed to benefit the charge extraction and transfer. This work provides a strategy to tune the charge separation and transfer to facilitate the photocatalytic performance in heterogeneous photocatalysis.
Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of Functionalized Cyanopyridines Yield an Anolyte with an Extremely Low Reduction Potential for Nonaqueous Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Vaid Thomas P. , Cook Monique E. , Scott Jessica D. , Borjesson Carazo Marino , Ruchti Jonathan , Minteer Shelley D. , Sigman Matthew S. , McNeil Anne J. , Sanford Melanie S. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCyanopyridines and cyanophenylpyridines were investigated as anolytes for nonaqueous redox flow batteries (RFBs). The three isomers of cyanopyridine are reduced at potentials of −2.2 V or lower vs. ferrocene+/0 (Fc+/0), but the 3‐CNPy⋅− radical anion forms a sigma‐dimer that is re‐oxidized at E≈−1.1 V, which would lead to poor voltaic efficiency in a RFB. Bulk electrochemical charge‐discharge cycling of the cyanopyridines in acetonitrile and 0.50 M [NBu4][PF6] shows that 2‐CNPy and 4‐CNPy lose capacity quickly under these conditions, due to irreversible chemical reaction/decomposition of the radical anions. Density‐functional theory (DFT) calculations indicated that adding a phenyl group to the cyanopyridines would, for some isomers, limit dimerization and improve the stability of the radical anions, while shifting their E1/2 only about +0.10 V relative to the parent cyanopyridines. Among the cyanophenylpyridines, 3‐CN‐6‐PhPy and 3‐CN‐4‐PhPy are the most promising as anolytes. They exhibit reversible reductions at E1/2=−2.19 and −2.22 V vs. ferrocene+/0, respectively, and retain about half of their capacity after 30 bulk charge‐discharge cycles. An improved version of 3‐CN‐6‐PhPy with three methyl groups (3‐cyano‐4‐methyl‐6‐(3,5‐dimethylphenyl)pyridine) has an extremely low reduction potential of −2.50 V vs. Fc+/0 (the lowest reported for a nonaqueous RFB anolyte) and loses only 0.21 % of capacity per cycle during charge‐discharge cycling in acetonitrile.
Stereoconvergent Synthesis of Z‐1,3‐Disubstituted‐1,3‐Dienes by Uphill Photocatalysis
Authors: Diver Steven T. , Glickert Elise , Rohde Laurence N. , Wild Thérèse 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA variety of 1‐aryl‐1,3‐dienes were isomerized from E to Z isomers by photocatalysis using Ru(bpy)3[PF6]2 and blue LED light. Enrichment of the Z‐isomer is thought to occur by selective triplet energy transfer from the photocatalyst to the stereoisomeric mixture. The 1,3‐diene starting materials are easily made by catalytic ene‐yne metathesis (EYM). To access 1,3‐diene Z‐stereoisomers directly, a one pot procedure was developed. Additional 1,3‐dienes were investigated for both isomerization and Z‐enrichment. The combination of cross EYM with photocatalysis allows for the stereoconvergent synthesis of Z‐1,3‐dienes.
The Carbon Corrosion Resistance of Mesoporous PtIr Catalysts in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Authors: Liu Mingtao , Wang Qian , Li Yunqi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAs the main degradation mechanism, carbon corrosion behavior plays an important role to deteriorate the durability and lifetime of PEMFCs. For addressing the issue, we synthesized a novel type of mesoporous PtIr alloy catalyst through the self‐assembled composite micelles made of PS‐b‐P2VP‐b‐PEO triblock copolymer and metal acid ions (PtCl62− and IrCl62−). The strength of large ECSA and high limited current density on PtIr85 : 15 and PtIr75 : 25 catalysts could be attributed to the uniformly ordered mesoporous structure. It is beneficial to the sufficient exposure of reactive sites and the diffusion of reactants and products. The corresponding PtIr/C alloy catalysts were obtained to deposit PtIr alloys on Vulcan XC 72R. After stress cycling, the increase rate of double‐layer capacitance is the slowest on PtIr75 : 25/C and keeps the minimum values. Moreover, the increase speed of Q/HQ peak is also associated with the increased Ir content in catalyst. Here, incorporation with Ir atom has been proved as an effective method to protect the carbon corrosion behaviors.
Unsupervised learning for financial statement fraud detection using manta ray foraging based convolutional neural network
Authors: Singh Yadav Ajit Kumar , Sora Marpe 
Published: September 2022

SummaryFinancial statement fraud detection is a significant topic and a challenging task related to countless applications such as financial sectors, insurance, government agencies, law enforcement and so on. This article presents an unsupervised learning model to identify the financial fraud statements using the hybrid convolutional neural network. The fraud detection scheme can be performed using a few stages: data preprocessing, sampling, feature extraction, feature selection, clustering, and classification methods. The preprocessing and sampling processes are used to clean and recognize duplicate data. Then, the proposed model analyzes both text features and financial variables to provide the best classification of financial statement fraud. In this article, a new fuzzy red deer's algorithm is proposed for selecting the optimal feature set, which can improve the classification accuracy of the fraud prediction model. Subsequently, an adaptive density based clustering (ADBC) approach is introduced for labeling the selected features through the clustering process. Finally, the fraud statements are predicted by proposing a hybrid CNN‐MRFO model wherein the hyperparameters of the CNN model are optimized through the MRFO learning algorithm. The simulation results prove the effectiveness of the proposed model in terms of accuracy (98.85%), precision (98.62%) and F‐measure (99.32%).
Formation and Surface Behavior of Pt and Pd Complexes with Ligand Systems Derived from Nitrile‐functionalized Ionic Liquids Studied by XPS
Authors: Hemmeter Daniel , Paap Ulrike , Taccardi Nicola , Mehler Julian , Schulz Peter S. , Wasserscheid Peter , Maier Florian , Steinrück Hans‐Peter 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe studied the formation and surface behavior of Pt(II) and Pd(II) complexes with ligand systems derived from two nitrile‐functionalized ionic liquids (ILs) in solution using angle‐resolved X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ARXPS). These ligand systems enabled a high solubility of the metal complexes in IL solution. The complexes were prepared by simple ligand substitution under vacuum conditions in defined excess of the coordinating ILs, [C3CNC1Im][Tf2N] and [C1CNC1Pip][Tf2N], to immediately yield solutions of the final products. The ILs differ in the cationic head group and the chain length of the functionalized substituent. Our XPS measurements on the neat ILs gave insights in the electronic properties of the coordinating substituents revealing differences in donation capability and stability of the complexes. Investigations on the composition of the outermost surface layers using ARXPS revealed no surface affinity of the nitrile‐functionalized chains in the neat ILs. Solutions of the formed complexes in the nitrile ILs showed homogeneous distribution of the solute at the surface with the heterocyclic moieties preferentially orientated towards the vacuum, while the metal centers are rather located further away from the IL/vacuum interface.