bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zinc oxide–silver/water hybrid nanofluid flow toward an off‐centered rotating disk using temperature‐dependent experimental‐based thermal conductivity
Authors: Mousavi Seyed Mahdi , Yousefi Mohammad , Rostami Mohammadreza Nademi , Tamim Hossein , Alimohammadian Mehdi , Dinarvand Saeed 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHerein, the off‐centered stagnation flow and heat transfer of zinc oxide–silver/water hybrid nanofluid over a rotating disk according to the mass‐based algorithm is studied. It is assumed that the nanoparticles have a spherical shape. Also, the velocity slip between the base fluid and nanoparticles is negligible. The Prandtl number is kept constant at 6.2. In addition, it has been used an experimental relation for effective thermal conductivity which is a function of volume fraction and temperature. The governing partial differential equations are converted to dimensionless ordinary differential equation (ODE)s by the similarity transformation method. The simplified ODEs are solved numerically by the bvp4c function from MATLAB which is an efficient and reliable code according to the three‐stage Lobatto IIIa formula. The influence of rotational parameters and both nanoparticles masses on the profiles and quantities of engineering interest are presented and discussed in detail. It is shown that the flow becomes complicated when there is a distance between the flow axis and the disk axis. Under determined conditions for a hybrid nanofluid with 30‐g mass for both nanoparticles and 100‐g mass for pure water, adding 30 g of the second nanoparticle's mass into the base fluid leads to enhance all hydrodynamic quantities of engineering interest by about 4.3%, while dispersing 30 g of the first nanoparticle's mass inside water results in decreasing the similarity temperature gradient at the surface about 3.6%. Also, when the disk rotates faster, the maximum radial velocity near the disk, s′(0) and f″(0) increases.
Multicriteria analysis on rock moisture and streamflow in a rainfall‐runoff model improves accuracy of model results
Authors: La Follette Peter T. , Hahm W. Jesse , Rempe Daniella M. , Dietrich William E. , Brauer Claudia C. , Weerts Albrecht H. , Dralle David N. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAlthough shallow (1.5 m) soil water storage has been extensively studied, the significance of deeper unsaturated zone water storage to flow generation is poorly documented. However, a limited but growing body of empirical work shows that the weathered bedrock vadose zone, not soil, stores the majority of plant available water in many seasonally dry and semi‐arid landscapes. Moreover, this storage dynamic mediates recharge to hillslope groundwater systems that generate stream discharge and support ecologically significant baseflows. Explicit representations of bedrock vadose zone processes are rarely incorporated into runoff models, due in part to a paucity of observations that can constrain simulations. Here, we develop a simple representation of the weathered bedrock vadose zone that is guided by in situ field observations. We incorporate this representation into a rainfall‐runoff model, and calibrate it on streamflow alone, on rock moisture (i.e., weathered bedrock vadose zone moisture) alone, and on both using the concept of Pareto optimality. We find that the model is capable of accurately simultaneously simulating dynamics in rock moisture and streamflow, in terms of Kling‐Gupta Efficiency, when using Pareto optimal parameter sets. Calibration on streamflow alone, however, is insufficient to accurately simulate rock moisture dynamics. We further find that the posterior distributions of some model parameters are sensitive to choice of calibration scenario. The posterior distribution of high‐performing model parameters resulting from the streamflow only calibration scenario include physically unrealistic values that are not yielded by the rock moisture only or Pareto calibration strategies. These results suggest that the accuracy of some model results can be increased and parameter uncertainty decreased via incorporation of rock moisture data in calibration, without sacrificing streamflow simulation quality. Emerging recognition of the global significance of weathered bedrock water storage in seasonally dry and semi‐arid regions motivates more observations of weathered bedrock moisture and integration of this variable into earth system models.
Dietary licorice enhances in vivo cadmium detoxification and modulates gut microbial metabolism in mice
Authors: Zheng Xin , Wang Likun , You Linhao , Liu Yong‐Xin , Cohen Michael , Tian Siyu , Li Wenjun , Li Xiaofang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMass cadmium (Cd) poisoning is a serious health problem in many parts of the world. We propose that dietary intervention can be a practical solution to this problem. This study aimed to identify effective dietary products from traditional Chinese herbs that can detoxify Cd. Five candidate herbal foods with detoxifying potential were selected and subjected to mouse toxicological tests. The chemical composition and dose–response effects of licorice on mouse hepatocytes were determined. Licorice was selected for further tests to examine its effects on growth, tissue Cd accumulation, and gut and liver fitness of mice. The expression of hepatic metallothionein (Mt) genes was quantified in vitro in hepatocytes and in vivo in liver tissues of mice. The results showed that licorice dietary intervention was effective in reducing blood Cd by >50% within 1 month. Cd was also substantially reduced in the heart and lung tissues, but increased 2.1‐fold in the liver. The liver of Cd poisoned mice improved with licorice intervention. Licorice treatment significantly induced Cd accumulation and expression of the Mt1 gene in hepatic cells both in vitro and in vivo. Licorice intake substantially altered gut microbial structure and enriched Parabacteroides distasonis. Omics results showed that licorice improved gut metabolism, particularly the metabolic pathways for glycyrrhizin, bile acids, and amino acids. Dietary licorice effectively reduced mouse blood Cd and had a profound impact on liver and gut fitness. We conclude that herbal licorice can be used as a dietary intervention for mass Cd poisoning.
Fetal brain imaging: A comparison between fetal ultrasonography and intra uterine magnetic resonance imaging (a systematic review and meta‐analysis)
Authors: Moradi Behnaz , Parooie Fateme , Kazemi Mohammad Ali , Hashemi Hassan , Miratashi Yazdi Seyedeh Nooshin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to compare ultrasound (US) and intra uterine MRI (IUMRI) of the brain in the diagnosis of fetal brain abnormalities.MethodsThe present systematic review is done based on guidelines for preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analysis. All major articles comparing fetal US with IUMRI in fetuses with suspected brain abnormalities were qualified. Articles published before 2010 were excluded from the study. An I2 > 20% was considered as a sign of significant change. The statistical analysis was done using STATA −15 and Meta‐Disk 1.4 applications.ResultsFive articles were considered for meta‐analysis. The sensitivity of US and IUMRI in diagnosing fetal abnormalities were 86% and 95%, respectively. The corresponding rates for specificity were 77% and 80%. IUMRI and US were concordant in 72.5% (95% CI: 68%–77%) of diagnoses. However, IUMRI added information in 21.7% of cases, while US added value was only 1.48.ConclusionOur results approved the good diagnostic performance of both US and IUMRI in confirming fetal brain normal development and emphasized that US is an appropriate screening technique in pregnancy. In cases of detected abnormalities in US, IUMRI is suggested as it was the most accurate imaging method and added information about the diagnosis in 22.2% of cases.
Variation in the prevalence of cough symptoms 4–5 days after infection with SARS‐CoV‐2 between seasons with different prevalent strains
Authors: Akaishi Tetsuya , Ishii Tadashi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) remains a major global health concern in 2022. The association between the rapid spread of the variants, which eliminated the original strain, and clinical manifestations with the variants remains undetermined.MethodsThis was a population‐based longitudinal cohort study. Whole citizens in a city with approximately one million population who had contacted COVID‐19 patients and were tested by nasopharyngeal SARS‐CoV‐2 reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) swab test between July 2020 and March 2021 were enrolled. Detailed contact episode and the presence of cough symptoms 4–5 days after contact with patients having COVID‐19 were evaluated.ResultsAmong the 359 RT‐PCR test‐positive patients, 88 (24.5%) developed cough symptoms by 4–5 days from the infection. The same rate in RT‐PCR test‐negative cases was 8.6%. The prevalence of cough did not significantly differ by age, sex, and places or closeness of the contact episode. The rate of cough symptoms in RT‐PCR test‐positive patients increased in February–March 2021 with E484K variant predominance compared to that in July–December 2020 with the original strain (32.9% vs 19.4%, p = 0.0221), whereas the cough prevalence among RT‐PCR test‐negative population did not increase. Cough symptoms in COVID‐19 patients was associated with strong fatigability, but was independent from fever or dysosmia.ConclusionsCough symptoms 4–5 days after infection with SARS‐CoV‐2 was suggested to have increased with E484K variant, compared to the original strain.
Metabolic disease in the Pacific: Lessons for indigenous populations
Authors: Wilson Callum 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTwenty‐five percent of the New Zealand population is either Māori or Pacific and are thus indigenous to the region. The New Zealand National Metabolic Service has considerable experience in diagnosing and managing metabolic diseases in this population. The frequencies and phenotypes of inborn errors of metabolism in indigenous people differ from that in Western European populations. Metabolic services need to be aware of these local variations and adapt their screening and treatment protocols accordingly. Likewise, the services themselves need to adopt culturally appropriate practices. This includes an understanding of the language, ideally employment of indigenous people and targeting of the service to meet the needs of the people. Knowledge of the metabolic diseases common within particular ethnic groups is important for the rapid delivery of appropriate management. Newborn screening protocols need to reflect the local populations. With the advent of expanded newborn screening relatively benign forms of fatty acid oxidation disorders have been commonly encountered. This high prevalence may reflect a selective evolutionary advantage as similar conditions have been found in other ethnic groups with traditionally high fat and low carbohydrate diets. HLA haplotypes of indigenous populations are less represented in international stem cell transplant databanks thereby making the option of human stem cell transplant more challenging. The recent discovery that short‐chain enoyl‐CoA hydratase deficiency is particularly common in New Zealand with nearly a dozen cases identified this year suggests there is still a lot to learn regarding Māori and Pacific and indeed an indigenous metabolic disease.
Remote video interface psychological assessment during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Experiences of consultants and clients
Authors: Martínez‐Cengotitabengoa Maria‐Teresa , Sanchez‐Martinez Andoni , Long‐Martinez Daniel , Sanchez‐Martínez Monike , Peters‐Corbett Araminta , Pugh Eleanor J. , Field Fraser W. F. , Martínez‐Cengotitabengoa Mónica 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe need for remote psychological assessment came to the fore during the Covid‐19 pandemic lockdown. This paper examines the qualitative experiences of psychologists and patients using remote video interfaces for psychological assessment during that period. The aim was to gain qualitative data on the personal experiences of both parties and explore whether remote assessment via video interface is a satisfactory method for psychological evaluations. Patients were seen for psychological assessments by consultant Clinical and Counselling Psychologists via through videoconference. Consultants and patients were asked about their experience of the video assessment and the consultant recorded their responses. Content Analysis was used to analyse the responses. The remote mode of assessment was found to be satisfactory to both patient and psychologist, although technical issues were highlighted to be the most disruptive to assessments. Consultants reported a certain level of fatigue, particularly after evaluations, and some of them commented that they had to try harder than in a face‐to‐face evaluation. Distraction in the patient environment was considered detrimental. The small sample size which requires further replication studies. Overall, the use of videoconference was found to be a satisfactory method for psychological assessment with some areas for improvement, such as technical difficulties and fatigue.
Structures, functions, and inhibitors of LUBAC and its related diseases
Authors: Ning Shuo , Luo Lingling , Yu Beiming , Mai Dina , Wang Feng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractUbiquitination is a reversible posttranslational modification in which ubiquitin is covalently attached to substrates at catalysis by E1, E2, and E3 enzymes. As the only E3 ligase for assembling linear ubiquitin chains in animals, the LUBAC complex exerts an essential role in the wide variety of cellular activities. Recent advances in the LUBAC complex, including structure, physiology, and correlation with malignant diseases, have enabled the discovery of potent inhibitors to treat immune-related diseases and cancer brought by LUBAC complex dysfunction. In this review, we summarize the current progress on the structures, physiologic functions, inhibitors of LUBAC, and its potential role in immune diseases, tumors, and other diseases, providing the theoretical basis for therapy of related diseases targeting the LUBAC complex.
Third order inverse multifunction filter employing MOS resistors and capacitors
Authors: Banerjee Subhasish , Ghosh Mourina , Mondal Pulak , Ranjan Ashish 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a systematic approach for the realization of multifunction filter that includes third order inverse low pass filter (ILPF), band pass filter (IBPF), and high pass filter (IHPF) using two Operational Transresistance Amplifiers (OTRAs), MOS resistors, and few number of capacitors. An operational activity of inverse filter configuration (IFC) can be easily realized by proper selection of switches. In ideal case, third order of the filter characterizes a total roll‐off of 60 dB/decade but the proposed design offers a roll‐off in the range of 48.09 dB/decade to 57.74 dB/decade which may arises due to passive component tolerance and some design parameters. The proposed design brings an improvement in roll‐off around 20%–44% in comparison to existing literatures. The multifunction filter frequency response (ILPF, IBPF, and IHPF) is observed by using PSPICE simulation in which the core of the filter “OTRA” is integrated with 180 nm Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC) CMOS technology parameter. In addition to simulation results, hardware implementation of the proposed filter configuration validates the theoretical aspect of filter design.
Temporal variation of saturated and near‐saturated soil hydraulic conductivity and water‐conducting macroporosity in a maize‐wheat rotation under conventional and conservation tillage practices
Authors: Singh Deepak , Patra Sridhar , Mishra Alok Kumar , Mariappan Sankar , Singh Nisha 
Published: March 2022

AbstractKnowledge of temporal variation of soil hydraulic properties (SHPs) is crucial to understand soil physical behaviour under different tillage practices. The objective of this study was to assess the variation of saturated and near‐saturated soil hydraulic conductivity (NSHC) and water‐conducting macroporosity (Ɛ) under long‐term (09 years) tillage regimes viz. zero tillage (ZT), conventional tillage (CT), and minimum tillage (MT) in a rain‐fed maize‐wheat crop rotation (RMWC) in the North‐West Himalayas, India (NWHI). A hood infiltrometer (HI) was used to measure the steady‐state water flux (q) at 0, −10, and −30 mm pressure head (PH) after harvesting of maize and over two wheat cropping seasons for each treatment. The infiltration data were analyzed in terms of unsaturated hydraulic conductivity k(h), field saturated hydraulic conductivity (ks), water‐conducting macroporosity (Ɛ). The results showed that the seasonal effects on ks, k(h), and Ɛ values were significantly different (p ≤0.05) for tilled treatments (CT and MT). In contrast, no significant difference (p ≤0.05) was found for untilled treatment (ZT). Significantly higher (p ≤0.05) ks, k(h), and Ɛ values were observed in ZT than CT and MT, associated with higher SOC and lower ρb values. A multivariate analysis of variance of the ks showed a highly significant difference (p ≤0.01) with both time and tillage treatments. Overall, a significant improvement of hydraulic conductivity characteristics was observed during the wheat‐growing seasons compared with the maize harvest season. The temporal dynamics of SHPs under different tillage regimes indicate that ZT can be a suitable tillage practice for reducing runoff and soil loss in monsoon maize and winter wheat cropping system.
Soil organic carbon stock assessment in forest ecosystems through pedogenic horizons and fixed depth layers sampling: What's the best one?
Authors: De Feudis Mauro , Falsone Gloria , Vianello Gilmo , Agnelli Aberto , Vittori Antisari Livia 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn soil organic carbon (SOC) survey, the role of sampling approach is crucial and should not be underestimated. In this sense, the appropriateness of soil sampling by pedogenic horizons (PGH) and fixed depth layers (FDL) in forest is still a field of debate. The present work aimed to: (a) study the spatial variability of SOC concentrations and C stocks through PGH and FDL samplings in uneven‐aged sweet chestnut, European beech and Norway spruce forests of the Apennine chain (Italy); (b) clarify the major advantages and drawbacks of sampling by PGH and FDL. In a representative area (18 × 18 m) of each forest, a soil profile was investigated and eight additional sampling points were selected. The sampling was performed both by PGH and FDL (0–15 and 15–30 cm). For each forest, no SOC content and C stock differences in 0–30 cm soil depth were found between PGH (58.8 ± 5.3 g kg−1 and 103 ± 7 g ha−1, respectively) and FDL (52.7 ± 4.3 g kg−1 and 117 ± 9 Mg ha−1, respectively) sampling. However, under Norway spruce, PGH sampling pointed‐out that C was mainly stored in Oe and Oa horizons (51.1 vs. 146 Mg ha−1 in the 0–30 cm layer). The higher coefficient of variation obtained when soil horizons were considered (from 19.2% to 72.8% for PGH and from 16.5% to 25.7% for FDL) suggested that PGH sampling preserved the information about the spatial variability within an ecosystem. The information loss about SOC vertical and spatial distribution would indicate the inability of FDL sampling to support decision‐making plans addressed for sustainable use of soil resource.
Effects of Regioregularity of π‐Conjugated Polymers Composed of Boron β‐Diketiminate on Their Stimuli‐Responsive Luminescence
Authors: Ito Shunichiro , Fukuyama Misuzu , Tanaka Kazuo , Chujo Yoshiki 
Published: March 2022

Abstractπ‐Conjugated polymers composed of a boron β‐diketiminate complex with different regioregularity are synthesized by using Suzuki–Miyaura and Yamamoto couplings. The films formed with the polymers show luminescence chromism upon exposure to solvent vapors. Most importantly, the chromic behavior depends on the regioregularity of the polymers. Wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction, thermal analysis, and density functional theory calculations suggest that the chromism can originate from the morphological change in the films and the alternation of the electronic nature of the main chains.
Seamless All‐Solid‐State Supercapacitor Fabricated Using a Proton‐Conducting Methanesulfonic Acid‐Intercalated Graphene Oxide Film as an Electrolyte
Authors: Ohori Kei , Hatakeyama Kazuto , Koinuma Michio , Ida Shintaro 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAn all‐solid‐state supercapacitor with no boundary between the electrode/electrolyte interface is prepared using methanesulfonic acid (MSA)‐intercalated graphene oxide (GO)　membranes as a proton‐conducting electrolyte. The electrodes (reduced GO) are formed within the surface of the solid GO electrolyte by a combination of self‐reduction of the GO under UV‐light illumination and electrochemical reduction. In this process, the surface of the GO film is converted to an electrode material with mixed electron/proton conduction, which results in the formation of a seamless capacitor structure. The resultant capacitor shows a large capacitance of 33.8 mF cm−2, 11.9 F g–1 (g: total weight of device including electrodes, electrolyte, separator and current collector), which is 15 times higher than the capacitance retention of an all‐solid‐state supercapacitor fabricated using proton‐conducting GO film. The seamless structures for the electrode/electrolyte interface suppress the decomposition of the GO electrolyte by the local concentration of applied voltage, resulting in improved cycle stability. The very large capacitance is likely derived not only from the seamless structure but also from the high proton conductivity of the MSA‐intercalated GO electrolyte (4.2 × 10−3 S cm−1).