bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of hydration and subchondral bone density on the viscoelastic properties of bovine articular cartilage
Authors: Crolla Joseph P. , Lawless Bernard M. , Cederlund Anna A. , Aspden Richard M. , Espino Daniel M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Articular cartilage is known to be a viscoelastic material, however little research has explored the impact of cartilage water content and bone density on its viscoelasticity. This study aimed to isolate subchondral bone density and hydration of articular cartilage and analyse their effects on the viscoelastic properties of articular cartilage.

Methods
Dynamic mechanical analysis was used to test samples at frequencies of 1, 8, 12, 29, 49, 71, and 88 Hz. Synthetic bone material with densities of 663.7 kg/m3 and 156.8 kg/m3 were used to mimic the bone mineral density (BMD). Dehydration occurred in a stepwise manner at relative humidity (RH) levels of 100%, 30%, and 1%. These relative humidity levels led to water contents of approximately 76%, 8.5%, and ≈ 0% by mass, respectively.

Results
Samples from eight bovine femoral heads were tested under a sinusoidal load. Storage stiffness was lower on the lower substrate density. Storage stiffness, though, increased as cartilage samples were dehydrated from a water content of 76% to 8.5%; decreasing again as the water content was further reduced. Loss stiffness was lower on a lower density substrate and decreased as the water content decreased.

Conclusions
In conclusions, a decrease in hydration decreases the loss stiffness, but a non-linear relationship between hydration and storage stiffness may exist. Additionally, higher BMD values led to greater storage and loss stiffnesses.
A realist evaluation of a home-based end of life care service for children and families: what works, for whom, how, in what circumstances and why?
Authors: Malcolm Cari , Knighting Katherine 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Children’s palliative and end of life care is underpinned internationally by a commitment to provide care and support in the family’s preferred place, which may include home, hospital or hospice. Limited evidence on models of best practice for the provision of children’s end of life care at home is available. This realist evaluation of a novel, home-based end of life care service explored what works for whom, how, in what circumstances and why.

Methods
Adopting principles of realist evaluation, an initial programme theory (IPT) was developed from multiple data sources including a scoping review, service documentation review, audit of service data, and qualitative data gathered from stakeholder (n = 6) and family interviews (n = 10). Three families who had used the service were identified as case studies and interviews with professionals involved in their care (n = 20) were conducted to test the IPT. The findings informed the revised CMOs illustrating the contexts and mechanisms which underpin how and why the service works and for whom.

Results
CMO configurations were identified explaining how and why the service works for families across five core components: anticipatory approach to care planning and delivery, advance care planning, service responsiveness and flexibility, 24/7 nurse-led service with 24-h medical support, and partnership working. Key mechanisms include establishing trusting relationships, building skills and parent confidence to deliver care, early advance care planning discussions with clear documentation, providing a single point of contact for families, workforce planning and resources to deliver the service as intended, effective communication and leadership within and between providers of the service, and use of joint policies and procedures. Recommendations for future development and expansion of the service are also discussed.

Conclusions
The findings highlight core components making this service a success and areas of challenge which continue to be addressed as the service develops. With increasing demand for home-based end of life care for children these components provide a structure which can help to guide service development to meet the needs of these families in other regions to ensure that children and families receive good quality care in their place of choice.
The kinome, cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases of pituitary adenomas, a look into the gene expression profile among tumors from different lineages
Authors: Taniguchi-Ponciano Keiko , Portocarrero-Ortiz Lesly A. , Guinto Gerardo , Moreno-Jimenez Sergio , Gomez-Apo Erick , Chavez-Macias Laura , Peña-Martínez Eduardo , Silva-Román Gloria , Vela-Patiño Sandra , Ordoñez-García Jesús , Andonegui-Elguera Sergio , Ferreira-Hermosillo Aldo , Ramirez-Renteria Claudia , Espinosa-Cardenas Etual , Sosa Ernesto , Espinosa-de-los-Monteros Ana Laura , Salame-Khouri Latife , Perez Carolina , Lopez-Felix Blas , Vargas-Ortega Guadalupe , Gonzalez-Virla Baldomero , Lisbona-Buzali Marcos , Marrero-Rodríguez Daniel , Mercado Moisés 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Pituitary adenomas (PA) are the second most common intracranial tumors and are classified according to hormone they produce, and the transcription factors they express. The majority of PA occur sporadically, and their molecular pathogenesis is incompletely understood.

Methods
Here we performed transcriptome and proteome analysis of tumors derived from POU1F1 (GH-, TSH-, and PRL-tumors, N = 16), NR5A1 (gonadotropes and null cells adenomas, n = 17) and TBX19 (ACTH-tumors, n = 6) lineages as well as from silent ACTH-tumors (n = 3) to determine expression of kinases, cyclins, CDKs and CDK inhibitors.

Results
The expression profiles of genes encoding kinases were distinctive for each of the three PA lineage: NR5A1-derived tumors showed upregulation of ETNK2 and PIK3C2G and alterations in MAPK, ErbB and RAS signaling, POU1F1-derived adenomas showed upregulation of PIP5K1B and NEK10 and alterations in phosphatidylinositol, insulin and phospholipase D signaling pathways and TBX19-derived adenomas showed upregulation of MERTK and STK17B and alterations in VEGFA-VEGFR, EGF-EGFR and Insulin signaling pathways. In contrast, the expression of the different genes encoding cyclins, CDK and CDK inhibitors among NR5A1-, POU1F1- and TBX19-adenomas showed only subtle differences. CDK9 and CDK18 were upregulated in NR5A1-adenomas, whereas CDK4 and CDK7 were upregulated in POUF1-adenomas.

Conclusions
The kinome of PA clusters these lesions into three distinct groups according to the transcription factor that drives their terminal differentiation. And these complexes could be harnessed as molecular therapy targets.
Tradition and trade: culture and exploitation of avian fauna by a rural community surrounding protected areas in the south of Bahia’s State, Northeastern Brazil
Authors: Neto Antonio Iderval Sodré , Fraga Ricardo Evangelista , Schiavetti Alexandre 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundIllegal capture and trade of wild birds are some of the most present types of wildlife trade in Brazil, and are often associated with cultural and socioenvironmental aspects. Those habits are particularly present in rural communities, where bird trade can be a source of income in dire economic situations and bird-keeping is a cultural trait passed down from generations.MethodsWe conducted a series of semi-structured interviews with bird-keepers and traders within the surrounding region of theParque Nacional de Boa Nova, inquiring about local customs and practices related to bird-keeping, bird trade and bird capture, as well as how these were affected by the establishment of protected areas nearby. We then outlined the main trends and perceptions in a quantitative and a qualitative approach.ResultsA total of 21 avian species were mentioned as being used as pets and in commercialization, contests and breeding, most of them occurring naturally in the region. Most respondents were men possessing low levels of education and income. We observed a series of specialized practices regarding bird-keeping, from basic maintenance of captive individuals in order to ensure the animal’s health, to interspecies breeding as to produce hybrid individuals. Mentioned methods used to capture wild birds often involved specialized traps and were conducted mainly within the national park’s area. Bird trade was said to occur mostly in urban settlements, and the value of captive birds was said to vary, based on species and beforehand training. The official establishment of the protected area impaired all practices related to bird-keeping and trade, mostly as a result of increased surveillance by environmental agencies.ConclusionThe collected information presents a series of specialized habits and practices involved in bird-keeping, bird capture and bird trade, many of them being associated with the local avifauna surrounding the region. The establishment of protected areas affected local perceptions regarding bird-keeping and related practices mostly through fear of penalty, although individuals demonstrated some knowledge about how to evade surveillance. We recommend further studies about effective ways to integrate local communities in nearby protected areas’ conservation.
Comparison of posterior cruciate retention and substitution in total knee arthroplasty during gait: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Li Chunjiang , Dong Mingjie , Yang Dinglong , Zhang Zhiqiang , Shi Junjun , Zhao Ruipeng , Wei Xiaochun 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
To compare the gait patterns between posterior cruciate retention and substitution in total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Methods
Electronic databases including the PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases were searched to identify clinical trials investigating posterior cruciate retention versus substitution in TKA. The outcome measurements were the kinematic gait parameters (flexion at heel strike, maximum flexion during loading response, flexion range during loading, minimal flexion at terminal stance, maximal flexion at the swing, and total flexion during the gait cycle), Knee Society Score (KSS), knee flexion, knee extension, and walking speed. Statistical software Review Manager 5.4 and Stata 14.0 were used for data analysis.

Results
There were finally 9 studies included in this meta-analysis. The results did not reveal differences between posterior cruciate retention (CR) and posterior cruciate substitution (PS) groups in TKA, in terms of kinematic gait parameters, knee extension, walking speed, and KSS. However, the PS group had a significantly larger knee flexion angle than that in the CR group [weighted mean difference = − 3.20, 95% CI − 6.13 to − 0.28, P = 0.03].

Conclusion
Both the posterior cruciate retention and posterior cruciate substitution lead to obvious improvements in patient function and have their advantages in getting a good cup position. The PS design is significantly better on the knee flexion, while there are no statistical differences in kinematic gait parameters and outcome scores between them. This might indicate that surgeons do not necessarily need a PS design to substitute the posterior cruciate ligament during TKA.
p53-driven lipidome influences non-cell-autonomous lysophospholipids in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Butera Alessio , Roy Micaela , Zampieri Carlotta , Mammarella Eleonora , Panatta Emanuele , Melino Gerry , D’Alessandro Angelo , Amelio Ivano 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAdaptation of the lipid metabolism participates in cancer pathogenesis, facilitating energy storage and influencing cell fate and control of molecular signalling. The tumour suppressor protein p53 is a molecular hub of cell metabolism, supporting antioxidant capabilities and counteracting oncogene-induced metabolic switch. Despite extensive work has described the p53-dependent metabolic pathways, a global profiling of p53 lipidome is still missing. By high-throughput untargeted lipidomic analysis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells, we profile the p53-dependent lipidome, revealing intracellular and secreted lysophospholipids as one of the most affected class. Lysophospholipids are hydrolysed forms of phospholipids that results from phospholipase activity, which can function as signalling molecules, exerting non-cell-autonomous effects and instructing cancer microenvironment and immunity. Here, we reveal that p53 depletion reduces abundance of intracellular lysophosphatidyl-choline, -ethanolamine and -serine and their secretion in the extracellular environment. By integrating this with genomic and transcriptomic studies from in vitro models and human PDAC patients, we identified potential clinically relevant candidate p53-dependent phospholipases. In particular PLD3, PLCB4 and PLCD4 expression is regulated by p53 and chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by deep sequencing (ChIP-seq) indicates a direct transcriptional control on their chromatin accessible genomic loci. Consistently, PLD3, PLCB4 and PLCD4 expression correlates with p53 mutational status in PDAC patients, and these genes display prognostic significance. Overall, our data provide insights into lipidome rewiring driven by p53 loss and identify alterations of lysophospholipids as a potential molecular mechanism for p53-mediated non-cell-autonomous molecular signalling that instructs cancer microenvironment and immunity during PDAC pathogenesis.
Interactions between Blastocystis subtype ST4 and gut microbiota in vitro
Authors: Deng Lei , Tan Kevin S. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Blastocystis ST4 is a common protistan parasite of the gastrointestinal tract of humans and a wide range of animals. While it has been suggested that colonization with ST4 is associated with healthy gut microbiota, how ST4 influences the gut microbiota remains poorly studied. This study aimed to examine the interactions between ST4 and several intestinal bacteria using in vitro co-culture systems, and to further investigate the mechanism of interaction and its effect on the epithelial barrier integrity of HT-29 cells.

Methods
Seven intestinal bacteria Bacteroides fragilis, Bifidobacterium longum, Bacillus subtilis, Bacteroides vulgatus, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, and Lactobacillus brevis were co-cultured with Blastocystis ST4 in vitro. Flow cytometry and quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were used to determine the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and bacteria oxidoreductase genes, respectively, in response to Blastocystis co-incubation. Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and flux assays were performed to assess the effect of microbiota representatives on the integrity of the intestinal epithelial barrier.

Results
Co-incubation with Blastocystis ST4 showed a beneficial influence on most intestinal bacteria, while ST4 significantly inhibited the growth of B. vulgatus, a common pathogen in the genus Bacteroides. The decrease in B. vulgatus when co-incubated with Blastocystis ST4 was associated with high levels of ROS and the upregulation of oxidative stress-related genes. Furthermore, co-incubation with Blastocystis ST4 was able to protect the intestinal epithelial barrier from damage by B. vulgatus.

Conclusions
This study demonstrated, for the first time, that Blastocystis ST4 has beneficial effects on intestinal commensal bacteria in vitro, and can inhibit the growth of pathogenic B. vulgatus. Combined with previous microbiome research on ST4, our data suggest that ST4 may be a beneficial commensal.

Graphical Abstract
Understanding affordances and limitations in a language MOOC from an activity theory perspective
Authors: Jitpaisarnwattana Napat , Darasawang Pornapit , Reinders Hayo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn the last decade, Language MOOCs have attracted a lot of interest for their potential to enhance language learning. However, how learners engage with MOOC environments and realise their benefits, remains unclear. The current study adopts activity theory (Engeström in J Educ Work 14:133–156, 2001) as a lens to comprehend the affordances and limitations in an LMOOC dealing with English presentation skills called Presentation@work. Data were collected via semi-structured interviews with 22 participants. The data were then analysed using thematic content analysis and triangulated with the participants’ profiles using learning analytical procedures. The results showed that peer learning, personalisation, and social interaction opportunities were perceived as affordances by the participants, while lack of proficiency, lack of affinity, course content, and lack of teacher presence were seen as limitations. Relationships between the perceived affordances and limitations and different types of participants were also found. The findings demonstrate that the LMOOC activity system is dynamic and complex and that the learners play a central role in interacting with different aspects of the system. We conclude with a number of suggestions and implications for future LMOOC design, implementation and research.
Robotic assistance for percutaneous needle insertion in the kidney: preclinical proof on a swine animal model
Authors: de Baere Thierry , Roux Charles , Noel Guillaume , Delpla Alexandre , Deschamps Frederic , Varin Eloi , Tselikas Lambros 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
We evaluated the accuracy, safety, and feasibility of a computed tomography (CT)-guided robotic assistance system for percutaneous needle placement in the kidney.

Methods
Fiducials surgically implanted into the kidneys of two pigs were used as targets for subsequent robotically-assisted needle insertion. Robotically-assisted needle insertions and CT acquisitions were coordinated using respiratory monitoring. An initial scan volume data set was used for needle insertion planning defining skin entry and target point. Then, needle insertion was performed according to robot positioning. The accuracy of needle placement was evaluated upon the distance between the needle tip and the predefined target on a post needle insertion scan. A delayed contrast-enhanced CT scan was acquired to assess safety.

Results
Eight needle trajectories were performed with a median procedural time measured from turning on the robotic system to post needle insertion CT scan of 21 min (interquartile range 15.5−26.5 min). Blind review of needle placement accuracy was 2.3 ± 1.2 mm (mean ± standard deviation) in lateral deviation, 0.7 ± 1.7 mm in depth deviation, and 2.8 ± 1.3 mm in three-dimensional Euclidian deviation. All needles were inserted on the first attempt, which determined 100% feasibility, without needle readjustment. The angulation and length of the trajectory did not impact on the needle placement accuracy. Two minor procedure-related complications were encountered: 2 subcapsular haematomas (13 × 6 mm and 35 × 6 mm) in the same animal.

Conclusions
Robotically-assisted needle insertion was shown feasible, safe and accurate in a swine kidney model. Further larger studies are needed.
Pathophysiological aspects of insulin resistance in Atrial Fibrillation: novel therapeutic approaches
Authors: Rafaqat Saira , Rafaqat Sana , Rafaqat Simon 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Insulin resistance is associated with metabolic disorders including diabetes, obesity, hypertension, and inflammation which are the risk factors for Atrial Fibrillation. Many studies have reported that type 2 diabetes and AF are related and also their prevalence is increasing globally. Moreover, insulin resistance begins the type 2 diabetes.

Main body
This review explains the pathophysiological aspects of insulin resistance in AF patients and discusses the drugs that are used to manage insulin resistance including Biguanides (metformin), thiazolidinediones (TZDs) [Pioglitazone, rosiglitazone], Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, Concentrated Insulin Products, Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) Inhibitors, Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor Agonists, Pramlintide, Sulfonylureas, Meglitinides, α-Glucosidase Inhibitors, Colesevelam, Bromocriptine. This review will highlight a few major drugs that played a significant role in AF patients. For this purpose, many databases were used for reviewing the literature and keywords are used such as Insulin Resistance, Pathophysiology, Atrial Fibrillation, and Drugs.

Conclusion
This review article concludes that insulin resistance is related to AF. It also provides an outlook on the recent pathophysiological aspects of insulin resistance in AF; however, more studies are needed to clarify the management of insulin resistance in AF patients to prevent the development of type 2 diabetes.
The effect of age, gender, economic state, and urbanization on the temporal trend in sudden cardiac arrest: a nationwide population-based cohort study
Authors: Yang Pil-Sung , Kim Daehoon , Sung Jung-Hoon , Joung Boyoung 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) has not been well studied in Asian countries. This study investigated the temporal trends in the incidence and outcomes of SCA and the impact of age, gender, economic state, and urbanization on SCA using a nationwide population-based sample cohort of South Korea.

Methods
In the Korean National Health Insurance Service—Sample Cohort consisting of one million persons from 2003 through 2013, we identified 5,675 (0.56%) patients with SCA using ICD-10 code I46 and I49.0. We evaluated the impact of the age, gender, household income, and urbanization level on the incidence and outcome of SCA.

Results
During the study period, the overall age- and gender-adjusted annual incidence of SCA increased by 46.9% from 30.9 in 2003 to 45.4 in 2013 (per 100,000 person-years, p < 0.001 for trend). The medical cost per 100,000 person-years also greatly increased about four times (p < 0.001 for trend). The overall adjusted survival to hospital discharge rate increased from 8.9% in 2003 to 13.2% in 2013 (adjusted rate ratio per year 1.05; p < 0.001 for trend). Old age and low household incomes of the population was related to increased SCA and poor survival to hospital discharge rate. The proportion of patients with intensive or advanced therapeutic modalities after SCA greatly increased from 1.6% in 2003 to 10.0% in 2013 (p < 0.001 for trend). This increase was consistent regardless of age, gender, economic state, and urbanization level.

Conclusions
Although the incidence of SCA was increased, the outcome was improved for the decade. However, in the elderly and low-income population, the incidence of SCA continued to rise and survival outcome was not improved.