bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cryptocurrency liquidity during the Russia–Ukraine war: the case of Bitcoin and Ethereum
Authors: Theiri Saliha , Nekhili Ramzi , Sultan Jahangir 
Published: September 2022

PurposeThis study examine the response of liquidity of Bitcoin and Ethereum to the Russia-Ukraine war in an event study context and investigate whether the war had a transitory or a permanent effect on cryptocurrency liquidity.Design/methodology/approachA event study was applied to hourly transactions on Bitcoin and Ethereum cryptocurrencies from 1/02/2022 to 31/03/2022. This is period is subdivided in two sample periods to capture transitory and permanent effects. The transitory effect is investigated over a window spanning -20 and +20 days. For a more extended post-event period, a linear regression model was applied to analyze the effects of other factors on the liquidity risk of BTC and ETH.FindingsThe findings reveal a significant but temporary impact of the Russia–Ukraine war on the liquidity of Bitcoin and Ethereum. Liquidity levels have increased within the first two days around the event day and then returned to the pre-event level after that. However, the response of BTC and ETH cryptocurrencies' liquidities to the Russian invasion of Ukraine is not uniform.Originality/valueThis is the first paper that assesses the liquidity level of two major cryptocurrencies (Bitcoin and Ethereum) in response to an extreme event: the Russia–Ukraine war. The hypothesis is that trading in the cryptocurrency market will increase due to market participants' goal of evading regulatory sanctions. Furthermore, market participants may also take advantage of cryptocurrencies' popularity as safe-haven assets.
Fourth industrial revolution (4IR): librarians' perceptions encompass the art of thinking skill
Authors: Mohideen Zainab Ajab , Sheikh Arslan , Kaur Kiran , Sukmawatid M. 
Published: September 2022

PurposeThe world is moving toward a new industrial revolution period where digital technology has achieved unprecedented developments. The industrial revolution (IR) is a subcategory of the fourth industrial revolution (4IR). This paper aims to discuss the 4IR technologies from the perspective of librarians. It investigates the perceptions of librarians about the 4IR.Design/methodology/approachThe study was conducted in the Malaysian academic libraries. A set of eight open-ended questions were designed to investigate the challenges, barriers and business case to encompass the art of thinking skills in information technology (IT) and operational technology (OT). The participants were a group of librarians' working in the 4IR with a glimpse of the transformation toward smart libraries. Four librarians' answered the blurred line and fill the gap between life as a librarian and technology as the cutting edge of industry development.FindingsThe findings of this study on the 4IR as a global business–library industry exposed that the technological advancements and development process of information system (IS) has incorporated the most advanced and innovative technologies which have influenced librarians' perceptions, thinking skill and mindset. This study proposes IS enablers and librarians to take measures to cope with the 4IR.Originality/valueThis study is unique in the sense that it is the foremost research on 4IR from the perspective of Malaysian librarians'.
Facilitating performance measurement and management through digital business strategy
Authors: Holopainen Mira , Saunila Minna , Ukko Juhani 
Published: September 2022

Purpose
This study aims to focus on the connection between digital business strategy and performance measurement and management (PMM).

Design/methodology/approach
The implications of digital business strategy and its dimensions with regard to PMM were investigated through a survey. The survey questionnaire provided 202 valid cases with a focus on senior management of small- and medium-sized enterprises. Strategic dimensions were identified from the literature on management in the context of digitalization to build a theoretical framework that highlights the mechanisms that companies should focus on when managing and implementing digital technologies successfully.

Findings
The aspects that comprise digital business strategy are grouped into five major dimensions: technological understanding, goals, resources, management and responsibilities. The study reveals a direct and positive relationship between goals and management related to digital business strategy and PMM.

Research limitations/implications
The study contributes to the existing PMM literature in the context of digitalization.

Practical implications
The results indicate that if a company has excellent goals and management with regard to its digital business strategy, it uses PMM in a more successful and effective way.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is among the first to examine PMM in terms of managing digital business strategy by trying to determine the extent to which the elements of digital business strategy can be integrated effectively into PMM.
Investor attention, Twitter uncertainty and cryptocurrency market amid the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Bashir Hajam Abid , Kumar Dilip 
Published: September 2022

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the impact of investor attention due to the COVID-19 pandemic, Twitter-based sentiment towards uncertainty and public sentiment on the performance of cryptocurrencies.Design/methodology/approachThe authors employ the simple linear regression, quantile regression (QR), the exponential generalised autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (EGARCH) model, and sentiment analysis to examine this phenomenon. The authors utilise the daily closing price of the 20 leading cryptocurrencies, the Google search volume index of the “Coronavirus” keyword, the Twitter-based economic uncertainty index, and textual data collected from the Reddit social media platform.FindingsThe results show that investor attention and Twitter uncertainty have a negative (positive) effect on cryptocurrency returns (volatility). The QR results indicate a heterogeneous effect of investor attention and Twitter economic uncertainty on cryptocurrency returns with a higher effect in the lower quantiles. The findings indicate that cryptocurrencies fail to act as a safe haven during this pandemic.Originality/valueThe study is amongst the very few studies that capture the impact of investor attention/sentiment due to COVID-19 on the performance of cryptocurrencies.
Exploring the escalation of commitment to a failing venture in women and men entrepreneurs
Authors: Nouri Pouria 
Published: September 2022

Purpose
Escalation of commitment is one of the most influential decision-making biases in entrepreneurs which may incur substantial losses and result in failure by making entrepreneurs allocate an increasing amount of resources to failing plans. Not only is escalation one of the less-researched biases in entrepreneurship but also most of the existing studies have been either limited to specific contexts or exclusively limited to men entrepreneurs. The purpose of this study is to explore the antecedents of escalation of commitment among a sample of Iranian women and men entrepreneurs to address these gaps.

Design/methodology/approach
By conducting a narrative inquiry, data were collected through semi-structured and in-depth interviews with nine women and 10 men Iranian entrepreneurs who were founder/owners of a small business and had introduced at least one product to the market.

Findings
According to the findings of this study, the fear of losing autonomy and fear of being blamed by one’s family were the main drivers of escalation of commitment among the women entrepreneurs, while overconfidence, sense of responsibility and hoping to gain more profits were the main antecedents of escalation among men entrepreneurs.

Originality/value
This study is a pioneer in studying the antecedents of the escalation of commitment among women and men entrepreneurs comparatively in the context of a developing country.
The temporal and spatial response of soil fungal community composition and potential function to wildfire in a permafrost region in Canada
Authors: Zhang Yue‐mei , Qu Zhao‐lei , Sietiö Outi‐Maaria , Zhou Xuan , Heinonsalo Jussi , Köster Kajar , Berninger Frank , Pumpanen Jukka , Sun Hui 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

The permafrost regions of the boreal forest store a large amount of carbon, which can be affected by ecological disturbance, especially the interference of forest fires. Understanding the dynamic responses of the post‐fire soil fungal community is essential for predicting soil carbon dynamics.

We used a post‐fire chronosequence (areas with 3, 25, 46 and >100 years post fire [ypf]) in Canadian boreal forests with continuous permafrost to examine the responses of fungal communities and fungal genes associated with biogeochemical cycling to fire in the surface and near‐surface permafrost layers (0–5, 5–10 and 10–30 cm depth). We hypothesized that as the forest recovers from fire, the fungal communities and functional genes associated with biogeochemical cycling will also recover temporally and spatially, which will in turn affect soil carbon storage.

Our results demonstrate that the fire has long‐term effects on fungal communities and functions in the surface and near‐surface soils. The fungal species richness in the 0–5 and 5–10 cm soil layers increased with time since fire, which required at least 46 years to recover to pre‐fire levels. Ascomycota in each of the soil layers in the recently burned area (3 ypf) and ericoid mycorrhizas Oidiodendron maius in the 10–30 cm soil layer in the control area were recognized as indicator taxa.

The examination of functional genes revealed that the diversity of potential genes and the expression of genes related to carbon degradation (e.g. chitinase, cellobiase, exoglucanase and endoglucanase) in recently burned area increased in the surface soil, whereas, decreased in the deep soil, suggesting the fire affect the loss of carbon differently in the surface and deep soils in the early stages after fire.

In conclusion, the fires significantly altered the fungal communities and functional genes related to carbon storage along the soil vertical gradients and along the post‐fire chronosequence.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
THE FUTURE SCENARIOS OF CITIES: An Analysis of their Institutional Construction
Authors: González‐Arellano Salomón 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn recent decades, a dominant narrative has emerged in which cities are considered the most decisive places for the future of contemporary societies. In fact, institutional production of such futures grants cities a central function in the becoming of the world. The objective of this essay is to analyze and characterize the institutional construction of future scenarios for cities based on three dimensions, or pillars, of a proposal for an institutional analysis. These dimensions are regulatory, normative and cognitive. The construction of future scenarios can be useful for cities, but it is important to recognize that they are institutional constructions that respond to the interests of individuals or groups and thus reflect visions of the present that reveal the concerns and strategic dimensions of certain actors. In this essay I analyze and characterize a corpus of 101 future scenarios for 81 cities in different countries. The results demonstrate that the future scenarios for cities are institutionalized through the development of regulatory functions, value systems and cognitive and cultural frameworks for organizations and individuals.
The institutional and political roots of complex policies: Evidence from the European Union
Authors: HURKA STEFFEN 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe complexity of public policies has repeatedly been identified as a key challenge for modern democracies. Yet, we know only very little about the origins of this complexity. Controlling for functional and legal explanations, this article investigates whether complex policies have distinct institutional and political origins. The study builds on the assumption that complex policies are communicated in more complex language and uses textual data from 1771 legislative proposals issued by the European Commission since 1994 to demonstrate that the complexity of public policies is strongly tied to institutional and political costs of policy formulation. Collegial cabinets formulate more complex policies whenever they face more inclusive decision‐making processes and struggle with higher internal preference bias and heterogeneity. The implications of these findings reach far beyond the political system of the European Union and highlight that to a considerable degree, complex policies are the price of inclusive democratic decision making.
Clean the skin: Reducing blood culture contamination in the emergency department
Authors: McNab Lincoln , Varndell Wayne , Vecellio Elia , Chiew Angela L 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether blood culture contamination (BCC) rates could be decreased in the ED by an educational programme.MethodsEducational intervention focusing on a 1‐min venepuncture cleaning time and providing a larger chlorhexidine alcohol swab. BCC rates were examined retrospectively 12‐month pre‐, and 9‐month post‐intervention.ResultsSix thousand nine hundred and fifty‐three blood cultures were collected over the study period. The BCC rate was 2.4% pre‐intervention versus 1.8% post‐intervention, with no significant difference in BCC rates (Z‐score = 1.862, P = 0.063).ConclusionThis educational intervention focusing on skin clean time did not significantly decrease BCC rates in a setting of an already low (<3%) BCC rate.
Delayed type hypersensitivity reactions to various allergens may differently model inflammatory skin diseases
Authors: Pavel Ana B. , Del Duca Ester , Cheng Julia , Wu Jianni , Ungar Benjamin , Estrada Yeriel D. , Jack Carolyn , Maari Catherine , Proulx Étienne Saint‐Cyr , Ramirez‐Valle Francisco , Krueger James G. , Bissonnette Robert , Guttman‐Yassky Emma 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundTreatment of inflammatory skin diseases, including atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis, is undergoing transformative changes, highlighting the need to develop experimental models of skin inflammation in humans to predict treatment responses.MethodsWe topically or intradermally administered four common sensitizers (dust mite (DM), diphencyprone (DPCP), nickel (Ni), and purified protein derivative (PPD)) to the backs of 40 healthy patients and the skin hypersensitivity response was biopsied and evaluated using immunohistochemistry, RNA‐seq, and RT‐PCR.ResultsAll agents induced strong increases in cellular infiltrates (T‐cells and dendritic cells) as compared to untreated skin (p < .05), with variable T helper polarization. Overall, DPCP induced the strongest immune responses across all pathways, including innate immunity (IL‐1α, IL‐8), Th1 (IFNγ, CXCL10), Th2 (IL‐5, CCL11), and Th17 (CAMP/LL37) products, as well as the highest regulatory tone (FOXP3, IL‐34, IL‐37) (FDR <0.01). Nickel induced Th17 (IL‐17A), Th1 (CXCL10) and Th2 (IL‐4R) immune responses to a lesser extent than DPCP (p < .05). PPD induced predominantly Th1 (IFNγ, CXCL10, STAT1) and Th17 inflammation (IL‐17A) (p < .05). DM induced modulation of Th2 (IL‐13, CCL17, CCL18), Th22 (IL‐22), and Th17/Th22 (S100A7/9/12) pathways (p < .05). Barrier defects that characterize both AD and psoriasis were best modeled by DPCP and Ni, followed by PPD, including downregulation of terminal differentiation (FLG, FLG2, LOR, LCEs), tight junction (CLDN1/CLDN8), and lipid metabolism (FA2H, FABP7)‐related markers.ConclusionOur data imply that DPCP induced the strongest immune response across all pathways, and barrier defects characteristic of AD and psoriasis.
DMEK outcome after one year – Results from a large multicenter study in Germany
Authors: Spaniol Kristina , Hellmich Martin , Borgardts Klara , Girbardt Christian , Maier Philip , Reinhard Thomas , Torun Necip , Maier Anna‐Karina , Thaler Sebastian , Bartz‐Schmidt Karl U. , Wiedemann Peter , Seitz Berthold , Daas Loay , Schrittenlocher Silvia , Cursiefen Claus , Bachmann Björn , Geerling Gerd 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPurposeDescemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) accounts for >50% of all corneal transplants in Germany. So far, no data from such a large multicenter study have been published.MethodsThis retrospective study included 3200 DMEKs at seven departments performed for Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) or bullous keratopathy (BK). We evaluated best corrected visual acuity (BCVA, logMAR), endothelial cell density (ECD, cells/mm2), minimal corneal thickness (CT, μm), rebubbling‐, primary transplant failure‐ and immune reaction‐rate. Changes over time were evaluated by linear mixed models for repeated measures and correlation with case number by center by weighted linear regression.ResultsFor patients without vision‐limiting comorbidities (74% of all analysed eyes, n = 2270), mean BCVA improved from 0.6 ± 0.4 logMAR to 0.2 ± 0.2 logMAR 6 months (p < 0.001, n = 1441) and 0.1 ± 0.2 logMAR 12 months (p = 0.001, n = 1402) postoperatively. BK‐ had a worse BCVA compared to FECD‐patients (0.3 ± 0.5 vs. 0.1 ± 0.2 logMAR [p < 0.001] at 1 year). ECD declined from 2465 ± 259 cells/mm2 (n = 2876 preoperatively) to 1587 ± 433 cells/mm2 after 12 months (p < 0.001, n = 1237). Mean rebubbling rate was 0.4 ± 0.7/eye. 784 eyes (25%) received at least one rebubbling. More rebubblings correlated with a lower ECD, a worse BCVA, a higher CT, and higher transplant failure and rejection rates (p < 0.001, p = 0.013 for BCVA at 12 months). A single rebubbling did not influence the BCVA (p = 0.785). Graft failure rate was 3% (n = 67), rejection rate 1.5% (n = 48).ConclusionDescemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty increases visual acuity with low transplant failure‐ and rejection‐rates. FECD has a better outcome than BK. Since a quarter of all patients need a rebubbling, this should be included in the informed consent. Remarkably, one rebubbling has no influence on the outcome.
Socioeconomic outcomes beyond 30 years of age in a cohort born with very low birth weight
Authors: Kure Pollstergaard Katrine , Wiingreen Rikke , Gregersen Rasmus , Mathiasen Rene , Mølholm Hansen Bo , Greisen Gorm 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimAs survival of infants born prematurely has increased dramatically, questions on long‐term consequences have emerged. Our aim was to investigate long‐term effects of very low birth weight on socioeconomic outcomes.MethodsOne hundred and fifty very low birth weight infants (VLBW) born from 1980 to 1982 at Rigshospitalet, Denmark, who had previously been followed up at age 2, 4 and 18 years, were compared to cohorts of low birth weight, normal birth weight (NBW) and a national population‐based reference cohort. From the Danish national registers we obtained data regarding educational level, financial independence and living arrangements. In addition, we used the previously published results from the three cohorts.ResultsThe VLBW cohort had lower intelligence quotient and higher risk of significant school difficulties evaluated at age 4 and 18 years. When compared to the NBW cohort, at 30–36 years of age the VLBW cohort tended to have lower educational level, OR 1.7, 95% CI 0.8–3.9, were not financially independent OR 1.5, 95% CI 0.6–3.7, lived alone OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.0–3.8 and had higher rates of the combination of all three outcomes, OR 3.2, 95% CI 0.7–15.8.ConclusionsWe found trends towards poor socioeconomic outcomes in young adults born with VLBW. The relative disadvantages appeared smaller than that in childhood.
Gendered childhoods and the inequity of accessing the outdoors
Authors: Parsons Katie J. , Halstead Florence 
Published: September 2022

AbstractUnderstanding our beliefs and experiences means we must often explore our childhood experiences, and reflect on how, at certain points in our life, a range of barriers, obstacles, and societal or social constructs have resulted in shaping the opportunities we had and our behaviours in accessing them. Herein we consider and reflect on the paper ‘“Muddy Glee”: rounding out the picture of women and physical geography fieldwork’ and take inspiration to reframe and discuss a broader context of childhood experiences in setting the background for the observations made within the paper. We highlight and discuss three key provocations, which provide a framework to explore how social constructions of gender, from within the womb onwards, impact women's experiences, challenges, and pleasures of fieldwork in geography, and moreover link these experiences to the restrictions on access to the outdoors women experience in everyday life.
Embedding trait‐based ecology within indigenous knowledge to advance sustainable management of Tibetan rangeland
Authors: Niu Kechang , Suonan Ji , Badingqiuying  , Smith Andrew T. , Lechowicz Martin J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractQuestionsTraditional pastoralists attribute high numbers of plateau pikas (Ochotona curzoniae) to impoverished soils that favor more and better forage for pika, suggesting a bottom‐up control of pika density. Conversely, government policies focus on excessive numbers of this small mammalian herbivore as the primary top‐down cause of degradation in Tibetan rangeland. Despite concerted campaigns to reduce pika abundance in recent decades, the sustainability of Tibetan rangelands remains uncertain.LocationAlpine meadows on the Tibetan Plateau.MethodsWe proposed a conceptual model based on indigenous knowledge that predicted pika numbers from soil condition and plant traits. At three alpine meadow sites lightly grazed by livestock, we tested whether spatial variation in pika burrow density could be explained by changes in the functional composition of the plant community attributable to species turnover and intraspecific trait variation associated with changes in soil fertility.ResultsDue primarily to intraspecific trait variation, changes in the functional composition of the meadow community accounted for 56%–68% of the spatial variation in pika density, changes in the proportion of plant functional groups for 62%–74%, and changes in edaphic conditions for 71%–82%. Greater pika density was associated with a decline in soil phosphorus availability and a lower‐growing vegetation profile enriched in both the quantity and quality of forage preferred by pikas.ConclusionsThese results, which are in accord with indigenous knowledge, suggest that compensating soil phosphorus losses and maintaining a well‐calibrated grazing rotation can better manage pika populations and improve the sustainability of Tibetan rangelands. By combining trait‐based ecology and traditional knowledge, our study provides new insight into both understanding the dynamic complexity of grazing regimes and managing rangeland sustainability.