bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic value of stress hyperglycemia ratio on short- and long-term mortality after acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Schmitz T. , Freuer D. , Harmel E. , Heier M. , Peters A. , Linseisen J. , Meisinger C. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Aims
Prior studies demonstrated an association between hospital admission blood glucose and mortality in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Because stress hyperglycemia ratio (SHR) has been suggested as a more reliable marker of stress hyperglycemia this study investigated to what extent SHR in comparison with admission blood glucose is associated with short- and long-term mortality in diabetic and non-diabetic AMI patients.

Methods
The analysis was based on 2,311 AMI patients aged 25–84 years from the population-based Myocardial Infarction Registry Augsburg (median follow-up time 6.5 years [IQR: 4.9–8.1]). The SHR was calculated as admission glucose (mg/dl)/(28.7 × HbA1c (%)—46.7). Using logistic and COX regression analyses the associations between SHR and admission glucose and mortality were investigated.

Result
Higher admission glucose and higher SHR were significantly and nonlinearly associated with higher 28-day mortality in AMI patients with and without diabetes. In patients without diabetes, the AUC for SHR was significantly lower than for admission glucose (SHR: 0.6912 [95%CI 0.6317–0.7496], admission glucose: 0.716 [95%CI 0.6572–0.7736], p-value: 0.0351). In patients with diabetes the AUCs were similar for SHR and admission glucose. Increasing admission glucose and SHR were significantly nonlinearly associated with higher 5-year all-cause mortality in AMI patients with diabetes but not in non-diabetic patients. AUC values indicated a comparable prediction of 5-year mortality for both measures in diabetic and non-diabetic patients.

Conclusions
Stress hyperglycemia in AMI patients plays a significant role mainly with regard to short-term prognosis, but barely so for long-term prognosis, underlining the assumption that it is a transient dynamic disorder that occurs to varying degrees during the acute event, thereby affecting prognosis.
IgG4-related hypophysitis: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Bhargava R. , Hussein Z. , Dorward N. L. , Grieve J. P. , Jaunmuktane Z. , Marcus H. J. , Proctor I. , Baldeweg S. E. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPurposeIgG4-related hypophysitis (IgG4-RH) is a rare chronic inflammatory condition of the pituitary gland. This study reports the presentation, management and outcomes for patients with histologically proven IgG4-related hypophysitis.MethodsA prospectively maintained electronic database was searched over a 14-year period from 1 January 2007 to 31 December 2020 at a single academic centre to identify all patients with a histological diagnosis of IgG4-RH. A retrospective case note review from electronic health records was conducted for each case to extract data on their presentation, management and outcomes.ResultsA total of 8 patients (5 male) with a median age of 51 years were identified. The most common presenting symptoms were headache (4/8; 50%), fatigue (3/8; 37.5%) and visual impairment (2/8; 25%). Three patients were initially treated with high-dose steroids aiming for reduction of the pituitary mass. However, ultimately all patients underwent transsphenoidal surgery. Post-operative changes included radiological reduction in pituitary mass in all patients that had imaging (7/7; 100%), improvement in vision (1/2; 50%), residual thick pituitary stalk (5/7; 71.4%), persistent anterior hypopituitarism (4/8; 50%) and panhypopopituitarism including diabetes insipidus (3/8; 37.5%).ConclusionsIgG4-RH is an increasingly recognised entity presenting with a variety of symptoms and signs. Clinical presentation is similar to other forms of hypophysitis. It is therefore important to consider IgG4-RH as a differential and to have a low threshold for pituitary biopsy, the diagnostic gold standard. The diagnosis of IgG4-RH will guide decisions for additional workup for IgG4-related disease, multi-disciplinary team involvement and follow-up.
On Simple Rules for the Social Cost of Carbon
Authors: Withagen Cees 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe objective of this paper is to assess the use of simple rules for the social cost of carbon. It is shown that several interrelated objections may apply. The main issues are the following. First, the underlying theoretical models typically assume that the economy finds itself on a balanced growth path, implying that addressing the issue of designing policies for the short run, which play a role in the actual policy debate, are neglected. Second, for some cases the assumptions made regarding the marginal damages of high temperature or of arge atmospheric$$CO_{2}$$CO2stocks are shown to be incompatible with other assumptions made. Third, typically the rules follow from an optimal growth model and associate the social cost for a particular year with GDP for that year, but it is not always acknowledged that it should be optimal rather than actual GDP for that year. I also go into the performance of simple rules as compared to first-best.
The inner frontier. Images of the USA in recent Western cinema (2000–2020)
Authors: Stiglegger Marcus 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAt the heart of the American western cinema lies the myth. And the western myth is closely linked to the frontier, that boundary between civilization and wilderness that is constantly being negotiated. The frontier mythology is an integral part of scholarly writing on the western, and especially works well with the classical western of the studio era, where the dichotomy of wilderness and civilization had been considered the key to the genre. The following study will go back to the original term frontier, Frederick Jackson Turner’s concept of frontier mythology and Matthias Waechter’s re-reading of this mythology, and will seek for a new angle to discuss recent westerns in the light of current events. This is necessary as most of the exemples may look like westerns, but most of them are only told in the mode of a western or use the classical form and iconography to aim for something different than in earlier decades. Genre cinema has become more of a discourse today which is not created according to a classical formula any more. This article takes this fact into account and will furthermore show that the outer boundary between civilization and wilderness is turned inward in films of the last decade: This means that the ‘stranger’ is part of the self, the abject lurks in one’s own forests and mountains–or in one’s own micro-society, even if films are only told in Western mode, such as the crime thriller ‘Wind River’ (2017) by Taylor Sheridan.
Effects of an ad valorem Web Tax in a Cournot-Nash market for digital advertising
Authors: d’Andria Diego 
Published: May 2022

AbstractI extend the theory of tax incidence under Cournot-Nash oligopolistic competition to study the effects of an ad valorem sales tax on Web services that are provided free of charge to users, and produce advertising space sold to businesses. Ads are more valuable to advertisers the more users are served by a Web service. Users have ads-neutral preferences and Web companies compete in a Cournot-Nash fashion on the advertising market but enjoy monopolistic power in the service market they serve. I demonstrate that the equilibrium market price may be reduced by such tax, while ads sold increase. The conditions for such a tax-induced change depend upon the functional form and the elasticity assumed for ads demand.
The effects of a tax deduction for lifelong learning expenditures
Authors: van den Berge Wiljan , Jongen Egbert , van der Wiel Karen 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe study the effects of a tax deduction for lifelong learning, exploiting exogenous variation in the effective costs of lifelong learning due to jumps in tax bracket rates. We use a regression kink design and tax return data on the universe of Dutch taxpayers. Low-income individuals show no response, but high-income individuals are more likely to report lifelong learning expenditures (though not a higher amount) when net costs are lower. Furthermore, for high-income individuals the effect peaks at the age interval 40–45 years of age.
Tight compact extended relaxations for nonconvex quadratic programming problems with box constraints
Authors: Vries Sven de , Perscheid Bernd 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCutting planes from the Boolean Quadric Polytope can be used to reduce the optimality gap of the $$\mathcal {NP}$$
NP
-hard nonconvex quadratic program with box constraints (BoxQP). It is known that all cuts of the Chvátal–Gomory closure of the Boolean Quadric Polytope are A-odd cycle inequalities. We obtain a compact extended relaxation of allA-odd cycle inequalities, which allows to optimize over the Chvátal–Gomory closure without repeated calls to separation algorithms and has less inequalities than the formulation provided by Boros et al. (SIAM J Discrete Math 5(2):163–177, 1992) for sparse matrices. In a computational study, we confirm the strength of this relaxation and show that we can provide very strong bounds for the BoxQP, even with a plain linear program. The resulting bounds are significantly stronger than these from Bonami et al. (Math Program Comput 10(3):333–382, 2018), which arise from separating A-odd cycle inequalities heuristically.
Adsorption of 60Co and 154+152Eu Using Graft Copolymer of Starch-Polyacrylic Acid-Polyvinylsulfonic Acid
Authors: Ghamry Mohamed Abdelhamid , Abdelmonem Islam Mohamed 
Published: May 2022

AbstractStarch-polyacrylic acid-polyvinylsulfonic acid (St-g-PAA-PVSA) graft copoymer was synthesized by gamma radiation as an initiator. The chemical structure, morphology, and thermal stability of the graft copolymer were investigated using FTIR, SEM, and TGA. The St-g-PAA-PVSA graft copolymer was employed as an adsorbent for the removal of Co(II) and Eu(III) radionuclides from their aqueous solutions by batch adsorption method. Several experimental factors such as pH, contact time, initial concentration of adsorbate, and temperature were used to find the best conditions for the removal of Co(II) and Eu(III) radionuclides. The pseudo-second order kinetic model better fits the adsorption kinetic data of radionuclides. Langmuir models had the ability to well describe the equilibrium data of adsorption of radionuclides. Thermodynamic parameters were calculated and suggested the adsorption process of Co(II) was endothermic while exothermic in the case of Eu(III) adsorption and both adsorption systems were spontaneous in nature. Among the examined desorbing agents, both AlCl3 and HCl were succeeded to desorb most of the radionuclides.
Explore with Me: Peer Observation Decreases Risk-Taking but Increases Exploration Tendencies across Adolescence
Authors: Lorenz Corinna , Kray Jutta 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIt has been assumed that adolescents increase risk-taking tendencies when peers are present but findings on experimental decision-making have been inconclusive. Most studies focus on risk-taking tendencies, ignoring the effects peer presence can exert over other cognitive processes involved in decision-making, as well as any other underlying developmental and individual differences. In the present study, the trial-by-trial choice behavior was analyzed in a task in which adolescents adjust to dynamically changing risk probabilities. Using Bayesian modeling, the study aimed to infer about peer presence effects on risk-taking tendencies but also on reactions to, exploration of, and learning from positive and negative outcomes of risk-taking. 184 pre- to late adolescents (M= 14.09 years, min = 8.59, max = 18.97,SD= 2.95, 47% female) conducted the Balloon Analog Risk Task under two conditions: Once alone and once in the presence of a (non-existent) peer observing them virtually. Findings revealed that (a) peer observation reduced risk-taking but increased exploration tendencies and (b) that individual differences modulated this effect. Especially female pre-adolescents increased their openness to explore different choice outcomes when a peer observed their behavior. These results support the assumption that the occurrence and direction of peer influences on risk-taking depend on a person-environment interaction, emphasizing the dynamic role peers play in adolescent risk-taking.
Lerneffekte aus dem Distance Schooling: Strategien zur Vermeidung wachsender Ungleichheit an Wiener Mittelschulen und AHS aus Perspektive der Lehrpersonen
Authors: Köpping Maria , Leitner Andrea 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungPandemiebedingte Phasen des Distance Schooling stellen eine Ausnahmesituation dar, in der die Lernleistungen der Schüler:innen noch stärker als im Regelunterricht von der Ressourcenausstattung und privaten Unterstützung abhängen, wodurch das Risiko der sozialen Selektivität steigt. Im Beitrag werden pädagogische Strategien zur Vermeidung von Kompetenzverlusten und Benachteiligungen während der Schulschließungen reflektiert. Damit wird analysiert, wie sich diese in der Abgrenzung der Zuständigkeiten von Schule und Eltern wie auch in der wahrgenommenen Kompetenzentwicklung der Schüler:innen niederschlagen. Der Fokus liegt auf den Erfahrungen von Lehrpersonen der Sekundarstufe 1 in Wien, die im Rahmen von qualitativen Interviews erhoben wurden. Dabei zeigt sich, dass sich mit den umfassenden inhaltlichen und methodischen Adaptierungen im Distance Schooling auch das Rollenverständnis der Lehrenden und deren Beziehung zu den Lernenden verändern.
Fungal Infections in Lung Transplantation
Authors: Ramirez-Sanchez Claudia , Nguyen Vi N. , Law Nancy 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose of Review
We aim to understand the most common fungal infections associated with the post-lung transplant period, how to diagnose, treat, and prevent them based on the current guidelines published and our center’s experience.

Recent Findings
Different fungi inhabit specific locations. Diagnosis of invasive fungal infections (IFIs) depends on symptoms, radiologic changes, and a positive microbiological or pathology data. There are several molecular tests that have been used for diagnosis. Exposure to fungal prophylaxis can predispose lung transplant recipients to these emerging molds. Understanding and managing medication interactions and drug monitoring are essential in successfully treating IFIs.

Summary
With the increasing rate of lung transplantations being performed, and the challenges posed by the immunosuppressive regimen, understanding the risk and managing the treatment of fungal infections are imperative to the success of a lung transplant recipient. There are many ongoing clinical trials being conducted in hopes of developing novel antifungals.
Hall effect on MHD Jeffrey fluid flow with Cattaneo–Christov heat flux model: an application of stochastic neural computing
Authors: Awais Muhammad , Rehman Huma , Raja Muhammad Asif Zahoor , Awan Saeed Ehsan , Ali Aamir , Shoaib Muhammad , Malik Muhammad Yousaf 
Published: May 2022

AbstractExploration and exploitation of intelligent computing infrastructures are becoming of great interest for the research community to investigate different fields of science and engineering offering new improved versions of problem-solving soft computing-based methodologies. The current investigation presents a novel artificial neural network-based solution methodology for the presented problem addressing the properties of Hall current on magneto hydrodynamics (MHD) flow with Jeffery fluid towards a nonlinear stretchable sheet with thickness variation. Generalized heat flux characteristics employing Cattaneo–Christov heat flux model (CCHFM) along with modified Ohms law have been studied. The modelled PDEs are reduced into a dimensionless set of ODEs by introducing appropriate transformations. The temperature and velocity profiles of the fluid are examined numerically with the help of the Adam Bashforth method for different values of physical parameters to study the Hall current with Jeffrey fluid and CCHFM. The examination of the nonlinear input–output with neural network for numerical results is also conducted for the obtained dataset of the system by using Levenberg Marquardt backpropagated networks. The value of Skin friction coefficient, Reynold number, Deborah number, Nusselt number, local wall friction factors and local heat flux are calculated and interpreted for different parameters to have better insight into flow dynamics. The precision level is examined exhaustively by mean square error, error histograms, training states information, regression and fitting plots. Moreover, the performance of the designed solver is certified by mean square error-based learning curves, regression metrics and error histogram analysis. Several significant results for Deborah number, Hall parameters and magnetic field parameters have been presented in graphical and tabular form.
Identification of Characteristic Values in Impulse-Based Processes Using Small Specimens
Authors: Valentino Tobias , Radel Tim 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSuitable approaches are needed for rapid and cost-efficient materials development. High-throughput experimentation reduces the identification time of suitable material compositions. One approach is to use small specimen geometries to save additional production costs. Hence, research is continuously being conducted on a new hardness test based on laser-induced shock waves. Thus far, characteristic values from the induced indentations have been extracted, which correlate with hardness and tensile strength. However, the indentation result varies in dependence of the specimen size and mass. This condition hinders the correlation between characteristic values and material properties. Thus, the goal was to induce similar indentation results to minimum specimen size. Herein, different mounting materials and methods were investigated. The created indentations were compared with those induced in large specimens. Essential mounting parameters were derived from the findings. Consequently, small specimens can be used for material characterization by considering these mounting parameters.
Safety and Efficiency of Prostatic Abscess Transgluteal Drainage: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Abdallah Mikael Abi , Kosseifi Fares , Noujeim Jean Paul , Nasnas Roy , Raad Nehme , Tawk Sammy , Noujeim Antoine 
Published: May 2022

AbstractProstatic abscess (PA) is an uncommon disorder that mainly affects diabetic and immunocompromised patients. It requires a high index of suspicion for diagnosis since it can clinically mimic acute prostatitis. Historically, transurethral drainage along with antimicrobial therapy has been the gold standard therapy. However, advances in imaging modalities have shifted the management of PA to less invasive approaches. Here, we present a case of a large PA drained by the percutaneous transgluteal approach. This access route is a safe, effective, and well tolerated alternative for PA drainage, done under local anesthesia and providing a relatively cleaner approach than transrectal or transperineal drainage, allowing easier and better catheter fixation as well. This article illustrates the different steps of the procedure and reviews the literature on PA management.
087 Initial Validation of the Radical Prostatectomy Questionnaire (RPQ): A New Patient Reported Outcome (PRO) to Assess Sexual Function Following Radical Prostatectomy (RP)
Authors: Nelson CJ , Flaherty K , Joshi N , Schofield E , Mulhall JP 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The only PRO validated for men after RP is Extended Prostate Cancer Index (EPIC). However, EPIC has weaknesses, including the lack of assessment of function in response to ED medication use, inclusion of ejaculation and absence of penile morphology assessment. We developed the RPQ to address these weaknesses.

Methods
RPQ is a 41-item scale assessing 5 domains: erectile function (EF), sexual desire (SD), orgasm (O), sexual satisfaction (SS), and penile morphology (PM). The EF domain assesses erections in response to no medication, PDE5i, intracavernosal injections (ICI). We used a multi-step process to develop the RPQ including: extensive literature review; development of primary domains; item generation and winnowing; feedback from 8 sexual medicine experts; and cognitive interviewing with 10 patients to verify content, wording, and response format. For validation, post-RP men completed the RPQ and the following PROs: IIEF, EPIC, SEAR, and the PROMISE measures. Participants completed the RPQ again within two weeks. Analyses include internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha), test-retest reliability, and convergent/discriminant validity. Cronbach's alpha and test-retest reliability ≥0.7 were considered acceptable.

Results
Mean age of the 311 men was 62±7. All domains of the RPQ demonstrated strong internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha=0.70-0.98) and test-retest reliability (ICC= 0.82-0.99). There was sound convergent validity for the RPQ EF domains with/without medication demonstrate by correlations with the IIEF Erectile Function Domain (EFD) (r=0.31 to 0.70, p&lt;.05). Discriminate validity was demonstrated for RPQ EF domains with/without medication with moderate correlations with the SEAR and PROMIS scales (r=0.23 to r=0.59, p&lt;.01). There was also sound convergent validity for RPQ SD, O, and SS domains with strong correlations with the PROMIS desire, orgasm, and satisfaction scales (r=0.66 to r=0.77, p&lt;.01), with discriminant validity demonstrating moderate correlations with SEAR Self-Esteem (r=0.38 to r=0.46, p&lt;.01) and Sexual Bother (r=-0.43 to 0.66, p&lt;.01). The RPQ PM domain demonstrated convergent validity with moderate correlations with the IIEF EFD and Orgasm domain (r=-0.20; r=0.33, p&lt;.01, respectively) and discriminant validity with low, non-significant correlation with EPIC Urinary function.

Conclusion
Initial validation of the RPQ supports the reliability and validity of the scale.

Disclosure
Work supported by industry: no.