bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Small Post‐Translationally Modified Peptides – The Making Off
Authors: Stührwohldt Nils 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Peptide hormones are an emerging new class of signalling molecules in plants, the importance of which has long been underestimated. One important class of peptides is the ‘small post‐translationally modified peptides’ (SPMPs), which require proteolytic processing as an essential step for maturation. SPMPs are derived from pre‐pro‐proteins that consist of 70 to 110 amino acids and harbour the mature peptides at, or close to their C‐termini. All SPMPs are subject to further post‐translational modifications during passage through the secretory pathway, including tyrosine sulphation and/or proline hydroxylation, which may be followed by O‐glycosylation. Despite the prevalence of hydroxyproline (Hyp) in SPMPs, the corresponding enzymes responsible for this post‐translational proline hydroxylation have not been identified, and it is unclear how the specificity of the proline targeted for hydroxylation is achieved. In this article, the current knowledge about the processing, biogenesis, compartmentalization, and post‐translational modifications of SPMPs will be discussed and analysed, and the open questions about the biogenesis of SPMPs will be pointed out.
“Forbidden” Polarisation and Extraordinary Piezoelectric Effect in Organometallic Lead Halide Perovskites
Authors: Vasiljevic Milica , Kollár Márton , Spirito David , Riemer Lukas , Forró László , Horváth Endre , Gorfman Semën , Damjanovic Dragan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOrganometallic lead halide perovskites are highly efficient materials for solar cells and other optoelectronic applications due to their high quantum efficiency and exceptional semiconducting properties. A peculiarity of these perovskites is the substantial ionic motion under external forces. Here, it is revealed that electric field‐and light‐induced ionic motion in MAPbX3 crystals (X = Cl, Br, I and MA = CH3NH3) leads to an unexpectedly high piezoelectric‐like response that is at low frequencies an order of magnitude larger than in ferroelectric perovskite oxides. The nominal macroscopic symmetry of the crystals is broken by redistribution of ionic species, which can be controlled deterministically by light and electric field. The revealed piezoelectric response is possibly present in other materials with significant ionic activity, but the unique feature of organometallic perovskites is the strong effect on the piezoelectric‐like response of interplay of ionic motion (MA+1 and X–1) and photoelectrons generated with illumination.
Bioinspired Lubricated Slippery Magnetic Responsive Microplate Array for High Performance Multi‐Substance Transport
Authors: Shao Kexiang , Jiang Shaojun , Hu Yanlei , Zhang Yiyuan , Li Chuanzong , Zhang Yuxuan , Li Jiawen , Wu Dong , Chu Jiaru 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn nature, many organisms have the ability to transport substances, such as bubbles, droplets, or solids, on demand to meet their survival needs. Inspired by these distinct behaviors, a variety of substance transport strategies have been developed for promising applications in microfluidics, microelectronics, and biomedicine. However, it is still challenging to achieve versatile multi‐substance (gas, liquid, and solid) transport. In this work, a triple‐biologically inspired lubricated slippery magnetic‐responsive microplate array (LS‐MMA) by integrating the characteristics of fish scales, Nepenthes peristome, and respiratory cilia is proposed for multi‐substance transport. Under the actuation of the moving magnetic field, the microplates bend and overlap sequentially to form a continuous slippery surface with large curvature. With the continuous motion of the slippery surface, active multi‐substance transport can be realized. The transport speed of the bubbles, droplets, and solid glass balls can reach ≈5, ≈14, and ≈80 mm s−1, respectively. By virtue of the lubricant's capillary sticking property to the substance, the LS‐MMA also realizes 3D on‐demand transport of bubbles and droplets. The LS‐MMA‐based multi‐substance transport strategy improves the applicability and flexibility of target manipulation and has a broad potential application in the fields of microchemical reactions and biomedical engineering.
Transferrin receptor 2 (Tfr2) genetic deletion makes transfusion‐independent a murine model of transfusion‐dependent β‐thalassemia
Authors: Di Modica Simona Maria , Tanzi Emanuele , Olivari Violante , Lidonnici Maria Rosa , Pettinato Mariateresa , Pagani Alessia , Tiboni Francesca , Furiosi Valeria , Silvestri Laura , Ferrari Giuliana , Rivella Stefano , Nai Antonella 
Published: August 2022

Abstractβ‐thalassemia is a genetic disorder caused by mutations in the β‐globin gene, and characterized by anemia, ineffective erythropoiesis and iron overload. Patients affected by the most severe transfusion‐dependent form of the disease (TDT) require lifelong blood transfusions and iron chelation therapy, a symptomatic treatment associated with several complications. Other therapeutic opportunities are available, but none is fully effective and/or applicable to all patients, calling for the identification of novel strategies. Transferrin receptor 2 (TFR2) balances red blood cells production according to iron availability, being an activator of the iron‐regulatory hormone hepcidin in the liver and a modulator of erythropoietin signaling in erythroid cells. Selective Tfr2 deletion in the BM improves anemia and iron‐overload in non‐TDT mice, both as a monotherapy and, even more strikingly, in combination with iron‐restricting approaches. However, whether Tfr2 targeting might represent a therapeutic option for TDT has never been investigated so far. Here, we prove that BM Tfr2 deletion improves anemia, erythrocytes morphology and ineffective erythropoiesis in the Hbbth1/th2 murine model of TDT. This effect is associated with a decrease in the expression of α‐globin, which partially corrects the unbalance with β‐globin chains and limits the precipitation of misfolded hemoglobin, and with a decrease in the activation of unfolded protein response. Remarkably, BM Tfr2 deletion is also sufficient to avoid long‐term blood transfusions required for survival of Hbbth1/th2 animals, preventing mortality due to chronic anemia and reducing transfusion‐associated complications, such as progressive iron‐loading. Altogether, TFR2 targeting might represent a promising therapeutic option also for TDT.
Recent Advances in Synthesis of Pyrrolo[3,2‐b]indole and Indolo[3,2‐b]indole Derivatives
Authors: Hauguel Camille , Pozzo Jean‐Luc , Hamze Abdallah , Provot Olivier 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDuring the last 15 years, many teams have developed new accesses to pyrrolo[3,2‐b]indoles, indolo[3,2‐b]indoles, and polycyclic counterparts for finding either new synthetic pathways or their electronic and photochromic properties. In this review, we have listed the new methodologies accessing this type of nuclei published between 2007 and the end of 2021 through novel strategies using metal or non‐metal salts. Significant examples of functionalized compounds illustrate the syntheses. We also present the properties of a selection of these heterocycles and evoke some reaction mechanisms.
Efficient Preparation of Cellulose Nanofibers in High Yield Using Low Concentration of Organic Acid
Authors: Wang Yubao , Si Xiaoqin , Chen Jiali , Ren Zhiwen , Zhu Xuhai , Lu Fang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCellulose nanofibers as one of the promising cellulose‐based nanomaterials have received increasing attention on account of its excellent properties and wide application prospect. Owing to the robust structure of cellulose with strong hydrogen bonds, achieving the uniform cellulose nanofibers from cellulose sources under mild conditions remains challenging. Here we developed an efficient strategy to acquire cellulose nanofibers with high yield using low concentration of organic acid. Electron microscopic characterization showed that the uniform cellulose nanofibers with an average diameter of 27±8 nm was prepared through only 5 wt% triflic anhydride hydrolysis followed by high‐pressure homogenization. And the yield of cellulose nanofibers reached up to 81%. Moreover, the triflic anhydride acted in synergy to break the glycosidic bonds in amorphous region and change the hydrogen bonding network of cellulose. Cellulose nanofibers displayed the high crystallinity index of 84% and good thermal stability with the Tmaxof 331 °C. Our strategy offers an eco‐friendly and sustainable approach for the high‐yield preparation of cellulose nanofibers.
Microglial Activation and Connectivity in Alzheimer Disease and Aging
Authors: Rauchmann Boris‐Stephan , Brendel Matthias , Franzmeier Nicolai , Trappmann Lena , Zaganjori Mirlind , Ersoezlue Ersin , Morenas‐Rodriguez Estrella , Guersel Selim , Burow Lena , Kurz Carolin , Haeckert Jan , Tatò Maia , Utecht Julia , Papazov Boris , Pogarell Oliver , Janowitz Daniel , Buerger Katharina , Ewers Michael , Palleis Carla , Weidinger Endy , Biechele Gloria , Schuster Sebastian , Finze Anika , Eckenweber Florian , Rupprecht Rainer , Rominger Axel , Goldhardt Oliver , Grimmer Timo , Keeser Daniel , Stoecklein Sophia , Dietrich Olaf , Bartenstein Peter , Levin Johannes , Höglinger Günter , Perneczky Robert 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveAlzheimer disease (AD) is characterized by amyloid β (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tau tangles, but increasing evidence suggests that neuroinflammation also plays a key role, driven by the activation of microglia. Aβ and tau pathology appear to spread along pathways of highly connected brain regions, but it remains elusive whether microglial activation follows a similar distribution pattern. Here, we assess whether connectivity is associated with microglia activation patterns.MethodsWe included 32 Aβ‐positive early AD subjects (18 women, 14 men) and 18 Aβ‐negative age‐matched healthy controls (10 women, 8 men) from the prospective ActiGliA (Activity of Cerebral Networks, Amyloid and Microglia in Aging and Alzheimer's Disease) study. All participants underwent microglial activation positron emission tomography (PET) with the third‐generation mitochondrial 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO) ligand [18F]GE‐180 and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to measure resting‐state functional and structural connectivity.ResultsWe found that inter‐regional covariance in TSPO‐PET and standardized uptake value ratio was preferentially distributed along functionally highly connected brain regions, with MRI structural connectivity showing a weaker association with microglial activation. AD patients showed increased TSPO‐PET tracer uptake bilaterally in the anterior medial temporal lobe compared to controls, and higher TSPO‐PET uptake was associated with cognitive impairment and dementia severity in a disease stage‐dependent manner.InterpretationMicroglial activation distributes preferentially along highly connected brain regions, similar to tau pathology. These findings support the important role of microglia in neurodegeneration, and we speculate that pathology spreads throughout the brain along vulnerable connectivity pathways. ANN NEUROL 2022;92:768–781
Solvent‐free enzymatic esterification of free fatty acids with glycerol for biodiesel application: Optimized using the Taguchi experimental method
Authors: Singh Ramkrishna , Dien Bruce S. , Singh Vijay 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPresence of free fatty acids along with glycerides poses a technical difficulty for biodiesel production. This work used a Taguchi L9 design to optimize the solvent‐free enzymatic process to result in the esterification of oleic acid with glycerol. Under optimal conditions the esterification reaction temperature of 60°C, enzyme dose of 5 wt%, glycerol: oleic acid molar ratio of 5:1, and reaction time of 3 h, a 75.235 ± 2.19% conversion of oleic acid to esters was achieved. With the addition of molecular sieves, the conversion increased to 86.73% ± 1.09%. However, using the parameters predicted by Taguchi design (60°C, 5 wt%, 5:1, and 4.5 h), 88.5% ± 1.11% of oleic acid could be converted to esters derivative. Diglycerides were the major product, and the reaction equilibrium was attained after 4 h. The immobilized enzyme could be used up to seven times with only a 10% reduction in the conversion. Thus, the process can efficiently reduce the free fatty acid content of oil to make it suitable for biodiesel production.
Morphological and morphometric study of the superior vestibular nerve trunk in guinea pigs
Authors: de Vasconcelos Carlos Augusto Carvalho , Schiavoni Maria Cristina Lopes , Hyppolito Miguel Angelo , Marques Wilson 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe guinea pig has been chosen as a research model for otologic or neuropathic studies due to the relative ease of the cochlea, cochlear nerve, and vestibular nerve dissection. Little data have been reported on the normality of these nerves. The vestibular nerve is composed of the superior vestibular, inferior vestibular, and branch nerves. This study aimed to study the microscopic anatomy of the superior vestibular nerve (SVN) of guinea pigs using light microscopy and to search for normality patterns for use in experimental models in basic otologic research. We used eight male albino guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus, English strain), weighing between 400 and 500 g. After anesthetizing, the animals were perfused with a fixative solution of 2.5% glutaraldehyde. Dissection was performed by the access method to the temporal bone, coming to the rock and exposing the cochlea and vestibular nerve. The NVS fragments were removed, postfixed in osmium tetroxide, and embedded in the epoxy plastic resin Poly/Bed 812® (Polysciences Inc., Warrington, PA). Semi‐thin transverse serial sections (0.5 μm) were made using a microtome MT6000‐XL, RMC, Inc. and stained with toluidine blue. Morphology and morphometry were described and evaluated using the KS 400 application (Kontron 2.0, EchingBei, Munich, Germany) by macro, a computer program specially designed and developed for the study of the VIII nerve. The SVN was found to be devoid of epineurium, with only a thin conjunctive tissue layer. The myelin sheath of guinea pigs is relatively thin compared to the sensory and motor nerves found in mammals. The average fascicular area SVN was 0.19 ± 0.05 mm2, with the largest area found to be 0.24 mm2 and the lowest was 0.12 mm2. The average number of fibers was 5,753.00 ± 538 fibers. The density of myelinated fibers reached 32,316.08 ± 11,375.29 fibers/mm2. Its diameter ranged from 1.0 to 9 μm and its peak was 3 μm. The measured results confirm the results of another study, indicating that the methodology is appropriate and reproducible. These findings are important for the evaluation of injured nerves in experimental models of peripheral neuropathy and basic ear disease.
Is traditional back translation enough? Comparison of translation methodology for an ASD screening tool
Authors: DuBay Michaela , Sideris John , Rouch Erica 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEarly identification of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in non‐English speaking children often relies on translation of English ASD screening measures. Most measures employ a forward‐back translation approach, despite data suggesting that this method may result in poor psychometric properties. Some studies in non‐ASD fields have suggested that a rigorous method of translation with cultural adaptation may yield better psychometric properties, but no studies in the ASD field have compared the two approaches directly. This investigation compares these two translation methodologies to determine if they produce psychometrically similar or dissimilar measures. Three hundred and eighty US‐based Spanish‐speaking caregivers of children 8–16 months old were randomly assigned to complete either a forward‐back Spanish translation or a rigorous translation with cultural adaptation of a parent‐report ASD screening tool. Measurement invariance analyses determined that the two translations were psychometrically dissimilar. Additional qualitative explanatory methods using cognitive interviews examined textual differences and participant preferences between non‐invariant items.Lay SummaryAutism screening questionnaires created in English need to be translated into other languages so non‐English speaking parents can fill them out accurately. Traditionally, researchers have not considered cultural differences when they translate these questionnaires. When we compared a direct translation to a translation with cultural adaptations, the two questionnaires were statistically different. Parents interpreted and responded to the same questions differently, depending on which version they filled out.
Valorizing prickly pear cladodes via methane‐arrested anaerobic digestion for carboxylic acid production
Authors: Olokede Opeyemi , Wu Haoran , Holtzapple Mark 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTo address climate change, liquid biofuels are an essential alternative to fossil fuels, especially for transportation. The carboxylate platform uses methane‐arrested anaerobic digestion (MAAD) to ferment biomass to carboxylic acids, which can be chemically converted to liquid fuels via the carboxylate platform. Most biomass sources require expensive pretreatments to remove lignin; however, prickly pear (Opuntia ficus‐indica) cladodes have low lignin content and therefore do not require pretreatment. Furthermore, this sugar‐rich feedstock is readily digested to high concentrations of carboxylic acids. At various substrate concentrations, batch MAAD of prickly pear cladodes yielded primarily acetic, butyric, and caproic acids. From these batch data, continuum particle distribution modeling (CPDM) simulated four‐stage countercurrent digestion. At a non‐acid volatile solid (NAVS) concentration of 100 g/Lliq, CPDM predicts a high total acid concentration of 93 g/L and conversion of 0.93 g NAVSdigested/NAVSfed at a volatile solid loading rate of 6 g/(Lliq·d) and liquid retention time of 35 days. Without chemical pretreatment, co‐digestion, or in situ product removal, prickly pear produced high yields, biomass conversion, product concentration, and selectivity compared to previously studied lignocellulosic feedstocks.
Novel Ethylene Glycol Substituted Benzoxadiazole and Benzothiadiazole as Anolytes for Nonaqueous Organic Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Makarova Maria V. , Akkuratov Alexander V. , Sideltsev Maxim E. , Stevenson Keith J. , Romadina Elena I. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe design of new organic materials for redox‐flow batteries is an actively developing topic in the field of energy storage. Herein, two novel redox‐active organic molecules were presented, based on benzoxadiazole and benzothiadiazole cores bearing ethylene glycol substituents, which were first synthesized and evaluated as anolytes in nonaqueous all organic redox flow batteries. These two molecules were compared with their unsubstituted analogs in terms of electrochemistry, solubility and RFB cycling behavior. Substituted benzoxadiazole and benzothiadiazole possess low redox potentials near −2.1 V vs. Fc/Fc+, increased solubility in organic solvents, reduced permeability through the membrane and higher stability under charge‐discharge cycling in laboratory RFB cells than unsubstituted counterparts.
Adsorption thermodynamics of CO2 on nitrogen‐doped biochar synthesized with moderate temperature ionic liquid
Authors: Du Yarong , Guo Tianxiang , Geng Yuhan , Zhang Runan , Kong Lingfeng , Fan Zeng , Xiao Huining 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this work was to investigate the thermodynamic characteristics of carbon dioxide (CO2) adsorption on a promising nitrogen‐doped biochar at constant temperature and isopiestic pressure. The biochar was prepared as a CO2 adsorbent based on catalytic pyrolysis of pristine coconut shells using urea as the nitrogen source and moderate temperature ionic liquid as a catalyst. The results showed that CO2 adsorption on the biochar was a spontaneous, dominantly physical, exothermic, and entropy decrement process that could be well described by the slip model and the dual‐site Langmuir model. Those thermodynamic parameters, including interface potential, exhibited a series of interesting tendencies with the changes in adsorption temperature and pressure. Under the conditions of 273 K and 100 kPa, the adsorption capacity and the interface potential were 4.6 mmol/g and −16.7 J/g, respectively. And the site energy ranged from 2.57 to 5.13 kJ/mol in the test conditions, which became narrow with increasing temperature. The temperature exhibited positive effects on interface potential, enthalpy change, entropy change, enthalpy change, internal energy change but negative effects on adsorption capacity, Gibbs free energy change, and Helmholtz free energy change. Interestingly, the pressure exhibited the opposite effect trends. The peak pressure with maximum temperature effect at a given temperature and the peak temperature with maximum pressure effect at a given pressure were found to exist for some thermodynamic parameters. These exhibited a different but significantly beneficial perspective to understand the mass and energy transfer during CO2 adsorption on the biochar at constant temperature and isopiestic pressure, which have rarely been reported before.
Mechanochemical Metal‐Free Synthesis of 3‐Arylindenones via Unprecedented Aryl Swapping
Authors: Li Liang , Niu Chuang , Wang Guan‐Wu 
Published: August 2022

Comprehensive SummaryA triflic anhydride‐induced annulation of benzoic acids bearing electron‐withdrawing groups with arylalkynes leading to diverse 3‐arylindenones via an unprecedented aryl swapping pathway under an air atmosphere and ball‐milling conditions has been disclosed. Most of the obtained 3‐arylindenones are fluorine‐containing compounds. The present mechanochemical protocol employs easily available and inexpensive benzoic acids, which unexpectedly undergo aryl swapping with arylalkynes and serve as the source of the 3‐aryl group. The current mechanochemical methodology shows advantages including no requirement of transition‐metal catalysts, ambient conditions and excellent regioselectivity for the rearrangement products, providing expedient access to 3‐arylindenones containing functional groups such as F, Cl, Br, CF3, OCF3, SCF3, OAc, Ac, CO2Et or NO2. Moreover, the applications of this method to construct analogues of PPARγ agonist and antiosteoporotic agent have been demonstrated. A plausible reaction mechanism involving aryl swapping through vinyl cation formation from arylalkyne and in situ generated benzoyl triflate, intramolecular 4‐endo‐dig cyclization, subsequent ring opening and final annulation is proposed to explain the formation of 3‐arylindenones.