bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Machine Learning–Based Approach to Discrimination of Tauopathies Using [18F]PM‐PBB3 PET Images
Authors: Endo Hironobu , Tagai Kenji , Ono Maiko , Ikoma Yoko , Oyama Asaka , Matsuoka Kiwamu , Kokubo Naomi , Hirata Kosei , Sano Yasunori , Oya Masaki , Matsumoto Hideki , Kurose Shin , Seki Chie , Shimizu Hiroshi , Kakita Akiyoshi , Takahata Keisuke , Shinotoh Hitoshi , Shimada Hitoshi , Tokuda Takahiko , Kawamura Kazunori , Zhang Ming‐Rong , Oishi Kenichi , Mori Susumu , Takado Yuhei , Higuchi Makoto 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundWe recently developed a positron emission tomography (PET) probe, [18F]PM‐PBB3, to detect tau lesions in diverse tauopathies, including mixed three‐repeat and four‐repeat (3R + 4R) tau fibrils in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and 4R tau aggregates in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). For wider availability of this technology for clinical settings, bias‐free quantitative evaluation of tau images without a priori disease information is needed.ObjectiveWe aimed to establish tau PET pathology indices to characterize PSP and AD using a machine learning approach and test their validity and tracer capabilities.MethodsData were obtained from 50 healthy control subjects, 46 patients with PSP Richardson syndrome, and 37 patients on the AD continuum. Tau PET data from 114 regions of interest were subjected to Elastic Net cross‐validation linear classification analysis with a one‐versus‐the‐rest multiclass strategy to obtain a linear function that discriminates diseases by maximizing the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. We defined PSP‐ and AD‐tau scores for each participant as values of the functions optimized for differentiating PSP (4R) and AD (3R + 4R), respectively, from others.ResultsThe discriminatory ability of PSP‐ and AD‐tau scores assessed as the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.98 and 1.00, respectively. PSP‐tau scores correlated with the PSP rating scale in patients with PSP, and AD‐tau scores correlated with Mini‐Mental State Examination scores in healthy control–AD continuum patients. The globus pallidus and amygdala were highlighted as regions with high weight coefficients for determining PSP‐ and AD‐tau scores, respectively.ConclusionsThese findings highlight our technology's unbiased capability to identify topologies of 3R + 4R versus 4R tau deposits. © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
The application of zebrafish patient‐derived xenograft tumor models in the development of antitumor agents
Authors: Li Xiang , Li Minyong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe cost of antitumor drug development is enormous, yet the clinical outcomes are less than satisfactory. Therefore, it is of great importance to develop effective drug screening methods that enable accurate, rapid, and high‐throughput discovery of lead compounds in the process of preclinical antitumor drug research. An effective solution is to use the patient‐derived xenograft (PDX) tumor animal models, which are applicable for the elucidation of tumor pathogenesis and the preclinical testing of novel antitumor compounds. As a promising screening model organism, zebrafish has been widely applied in the construction of the PDX tumor model and the discovery of antineoplastic agents. Herein, we systematically survey the recent cutting‐edge advances in zebrafish PDX models (zPDX) for studies of pathogenesis mechanisms and drug screening. In addition, the techniques used in the construction of zPDX are summarized. The advantages and limitations of the zPDX are also discussed in detail. Finally, the prospects of zPDX in drug discovery, translational medicine, and clinical precision medicine treatment are well presented.
A novel angiographic method to estimate arterial blood flow rates using contrast reflux: Effect of injection parameters
Authors: Marfoglio Samantha , Kovarovic Brandon , Fiorella David J , Sadasivan Chander 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundContrast reflux, which is the retrograde movement of contrast against flow direction, is commonly observed during angiography. Despite a vast body of literature on angiography, the hemodynamic factors affecting contrast reflux have not been studied. Numerous methods have been developed to extract flow from angiography, but the reliability of these methods is not yet sufficient to be of routine clinical use.PurposeTo evaluate the effect of baseline blood flow rates and injection conditions on the extent of contrast reflux. To estimate arterial flow rates based on measurement of contrast reflux length.Materials and methodsIodinated contrast was injected into an idealized tube as well as a physiologically accurate model of the cervico‐cerebral vasculature. A total of 194 high‐speed angiograms were acquired under varying “blood” flow rates and injection conditions (catheter size, injection rate, and injection time). The length of contrast reflux was compared to the input variables and to dimensionless fluid dynamics parameters at the catheter‐tip. Arterial blood flow rates were estimated using contrast reflux length as well as a traditional transit‐time method and compared to measured flow rates.ResultsContrast reflux lengths were significantly affected by contrast injection rate (p < 0.0001), baseline blood flow rate (p = 0.0004), and catheter size (p = 0.04), but not by contrast injection time (p = 0.4). Reflux lengths were found to be correlated to dimensionless fluid dynamics parameters by an exponential function (R2 = 0.6–0.99). When considering the entire dataset in unison, flow estimation errors with the reflux‐length method (39% ± 33%) were significantly higher (p = 0.003) than the transit‐time method (33% ± 36%). However, when subgrouped by catheter, the error with the reflux‐length method was substantially reduced and was significantly lower (14% ± 14%, p < 0.0001) than the transit‐time method.ConclusionResults show correlations between contrast reflux length and baseline hemodynamic parameters that have not been reported previously. Clinically relevant blood flow rate estimation is feasible by simple measurement of reflux length. In vivo and clinical studies are required to confirm these correlations and to refine the methodology of estimating blood flow by reflux.
Validation of the French version of the Multiple Sclerosis Intimacy and Sexuality Questionnaire 15 Tools which help nurse for assessing the effect of perceived multiple sclerosis symptoms on sexual activity and satisfaction
Authors: Lefebvre Sandrine , Houot Marion , Delgadillo Daniel , Cantal Dupart Marie Dominique , Varin Dominique , Papeix Caroline , Sevin Mathilde , Bourmaleau Julie , Laigle‐Donadey Florence , Jovic Ljiljana 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimTo validate a French version of the Multiple Sclerosis Intimacy and Sexuality Questionnaire 15 which examines patients’ perception of the effect of multiple sclerosis symptoms on their sexual activity.MethodsAfter completing a translation/re‐translation process to ensure linguistic and content validity, the Multiple Sclerosis Intimacy and Sexuality Questionnaire 15 French (MSISQ‐15Fr) was completed by patients with multiple sclerosis. The validity of the construction, reliability, stability and reproducibility of the translation was evaluated.Explanatory mixed observational studyValidation of a French assessment tool for sexual disorders (borrowed theoretical framework): the Multiple Sclerosis Intimacy and Sexuality Questionnaire 15 (MSISQ 15)ResultsThe normed χ2 was 1.21, the root mean square error of approximation was 0.046 [0.00; 0.07], the comparative fit index was 0.974, and the standardized root mean square was 0.065. The calculated Cronbach’s coefficients indicated strong internal coherence, and the intraclass correlation coefficient was satisfactory at 0.9. Translations of the Multiple Sclerosis Intimacy and Sexuality Questionnaire 15 (MSISQ‐15) have already been validated in five languages. This French version is valid, stable and reproducible. It provides French‐speaking nurses an accessible and appropriate tool that will enable them to play an active role in the sexual health strategy recommended by the World Health Organization.
Impact of job control on hospital workers' safety performance: A moderated mediation analysis of the influences of hospital safety climate and social support
Authors: Zhao Guolong , Yin Chenxi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimTo improve the level of hospital workers' safety performance in response to emergencies (e.g. COVID‐19), this paper examines the relationship between hospital workers' job control on safety performance, and the mediating role of hospital safety climate and the moderating role of social support.DesignIn this cross‐sectional questionnaire survey, a convenience sampling of hospital workers from three hospitals that have COVID‐19 cases from Beijing and Shandong Province in China.MethodsThese questionnaires were used to obtain self‐reported data on hospital workers' job control, hospital safety climate, social support and safety performance. Mplus software was used to calculate CFA. SPSS25.0 software was used to calculate mean values, standard deviations, correlations and regression analyses.ResultsThe participants were 241 hospital workers from three hospitals in China (male = 55.2%, female = 44.8%; age range <30 to >45; physician = 58%, nurse = 22%, other hospital worker = 20%). A moderated mediation model among job control, hospital safety climate, social support and safety performance was supported. Moderated mediation analysis indicates hospital workers' job control effectively improves the level of safety performance; hospital safety climate plays a partially mediating role in the process of job control affecting hospital workers' safety performance; social support moderates the effect of work control on medical workers' safety climate. Hence, it is important to increase job control and hospital safety climate. Further, social support for hospital workers should be encouraged, advocated and supported.
Investigating attitudes toward prenatal diagnosis and fetal therapy for spinal muscular atrophy
Authors: Schwab Marisa E. , Shao Shirley , Zhang Li , Lianoglou Billie , Belter Lisa , Jarecki Jill , Schroth Mary , Sumner Charlotte J. , MacKenzie Tippi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveIn utero SMA treatment could improve survival and neurologic outcomes. We investigated the attitudes of patients and parents with SMA regarding prenatal diagnosis, fetal therapies, and clinical trials.MethodsA multidisciplinary team designed a questionnaire that Cure SMA electronically distributed to parents and patients (>18 years old) affected by SMA. Multivariable ordinal logistic regression was used to analyze associations between respondent characteristics and attitudes.ResultsOf 114 respondents (60% of whom were patients), only 2 were prenatally diagnosed. However, 91% supported prenatal testing and 81% felt there had been a delay in their diagnosis. Overall, 55% would enroll in a phase I trial for fetal antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) while 79% would choose an established fetal ASO/small molecule therapy. Overall, 61% would enroll in fetal gene therapy trials and 87% would choose fetal gene therapies. Patients were less likely to enroll in a fetal gene therapy trial than parents enrolling a child (OR 0.31,p < 0.05). Older parental age and believing there had been excessive delay in diagnosis were associated with an interest in enrolling in a fetal ASO trial (OR 1.04, 7.38, respectively,p < 0.05).ConclusionIn utero therapies are promising for severe genetic diseases. Patients with SMA and their parents view prenatal testing and therapies positively, with gene therapy being favored.
Initial validation of a new psychosocial screener for siblings of youth with cancer: The Psychosocial Assessment Tool Sibling Modules
Authors: Long Kristin A. , Davis Kathryn A. , Pariseau Emily , Muriel Anna C. , Kazak Anne E. , Alderfer Melissa A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivePsychosocial screening can facilitate the identification of families who have difficulty adjusting to and managing serious pediatric illness. Despite siblings' roles within the family and increased psychosocial risk, a systematic approach to screening siblings of youth with cancer remains rare. One barrier to systematic sibling screening is the lack of a validated screener. We aimed to establish initial validity of the new parent‐reported Psychosocial Assessment Tool (PAT) Sibling Modules for siblings ages 0–2, 3–4, 5–9, and 10+.MethodsFamilies (N = 64) completed the PAT Sibling Modules and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) regarding siblings' functioning at cancer diagnosis (13–23 items, depending on age version) and 6 months later (17–42 items). Cross‐sectional and longitudinal analyses examined internal consistency and convergent and predictive validity of the PAT Sibling Modules.ResultsBaseline and follow‐up versions of the modules have strong internal consistency (Kuder‐Richardson 20 range: 0.82–0.93) and convergent validity at diagnosis (r‐values ≥0.4, p‐values <0.01) and follow‐up (r‐values >0.4, p‐values <0.05). Predictive validity was supported by significant correlations between baseline PAT Sibling Module scores and 6 month SDQ scores (r = 0.86, p < 0.001).ConclusionsFindings provide initial evidence that the PAT Sibling Modules are valid measures of sibling psychosocial risk. Availability of a validated screener is a first step toward addressing siblings' unmet psychosocial needs.
N‐glycosylation induced changes in tau protein dynamics reveal its role in tau misfolding and aggregation: A microsecond long molecular dynamics study
Authors: Mathew Alen T. , Baidya Anurag T. K. , Das Bhanuranjan , Devi Bharti , Kumar Rajnish 
Published: August 2022

AbstractVarious posttranslational modifications like hyperphosphorylation, O‐GlcNAcylation, and acetylation have been attributed to induce the abnormal folding in tau protein. Recent in vitro studies revealed the possible involvement of N‐glycosylation of tau protein in the abnormal folding and tau aggregation. Hence, in this study, we performed a microsecond long all atom molecular dynamics simulation to gain insights into the effects of N‐glycosylation on Asn‐359 residue which forms part of the microtubule binding region. Trajectory analysis of the stimulations coupled with essential dynamics and free energy landscape analysis suggested that tau, in its N‐glycosylated form tends to exist in a largely folded conformation having high beta sheet propensity as compared to unmodified tau which exists in a large extended form with very less beta sheet propensity. Residue interaction network analysis of the lowest energy conformations further revealed that Phe378 and Lys353 are the functionally important residues in the peptide which helped in initiating the folding process and Phe378, Lys347, and Lys370 helped to maintain the stability of the protein in the folded state.
Monkeypox: An international epidemic
Authors: Focosi Daniele , Novazzi Federica , Baj Andreina , Maggi Fabrizio 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHuman monkeypox (MPX) is a viral zoonosis caused by the Monkeypox virus. For decades outbreaks exclusively occurred in the tropical rainforests of Africa, with a few imported cases and very limited human‐to‐human transmission outside Africa. Nevertheless, in the last years sustained outbreaks have emerged, peaking at 4600 cases in 2020 in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Since May 2022, an international epidemic originated at 2 events in Spain and Belgium led to sustained human‐to‐human transmission across multiple continents, mostly in males having sex with males subjects. We review here clinical presentation, epidemiology, viral evolution, vaccines, and therapeutics against human MPX.
Countrywide classification of permanent grassland habitats at high spatial resolution
Authors: Huber Nica , Ginzler Christian , Pazur Robert , Descombes Patrice , Baltensweiler Andri , Ecker Klaus , Meier Eliane , Price Bronwyn 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEuropean grasslands face strong declines in extent and quality. Many grassland types are priority habitats for national and European conservation strategies. Countrywide, high spatial resolution maps of their distribution are often lacking. Here, we modelled the spatial distribution of 20 permanent grassland habitats at the level of phytosociological alliances across Switzerland at 10x10 m resolution. First, we applied ensemble models to provide distribution maps of the individual habitat types, using training data from various sources. Copernicus Sentinel satellite imagery and variables describing climate, soil and topography were used as predictors. The performance of these models was assessed based on the true skill statistics with a split‐sampling of the data. Second, the individual maps were combined into countrywide maps of the most and second most likely habitat type, respectively, using an expert‐based weighting approach. The performance of the combined map for the most likely habitat type was assessed via an independent testing dataset and a comparison of the predicted habitat‐type proportions with extrapolations from field surveys. Most individual maps had useful to excellent predictive performance (TSS ≥ 0.6). For most grid cells in the combined maps, the most and second most likely habitat types were either ecologically closely related or representing two grassland types along a nutrient gradient. The same was true for omission errors. We found good agreement between the predicted and estimated proportions from field surveys. The area of raised bogs appears to be underestimated, while dry grasslands showed highest agreement. This work highlights the potential of earth observation data at fine spatial and temporal resolution to map habitats at broad scales, thereby providing the foundation for diverse conservation applications. A particular challenge remains in capturing the transition from nutrient‐poor to nutrient‐rich grasslands, which is highly important for biodiversity conservation.
Explorative Study of Reactive Extrusion over Nixtamalization‐Maize Pericarp Residue: Effect on Dietary Fiber, Resistant Starch, and Nixtamalized Corn Flour Tortillas
Authors: Vázquez‐Villegas Patricia , Sánchez Marli , Heredia‐Olea Erick , Pérez‐Carrillo Esther 
Published: August 2022

AbstractInterest in clean label products and decrease of effluents have increased. Nixtamalized maize flour (NMF) residues could be used as by‐products that modify NMF properties without the need for other additives. In this work, pericarp residue of NMF is subjected to reactive extrusion (REX) using 1% or 5% addition of phosphoric acid, sodium metabisulphite, benzoyl peroxide, or titaniumdioxide. The use of pericarp as an ingredient for cereal products has detrimental effects. Dietary fiber content, resistant starch, and moisture are studied to characterize the REX treatment products. Maize compound flours with 5% REX extruded maize pericarp are prepared. The apparent viscosity parameters of composite flours and the physical characteristics of maize tortillas with the compound flours are analyzed.Pasting properties of compound flours is modified with chemical treatment. All REX tortilla treatments show a reduction in thickness without effect on resistance and extensibility, which can positively affect the yield of the product without impact on quality. Compared with control and other treatments, the addition of tortilla produced with phosphoric acid extruded material has the highest resistance to extension after 24 h of production.
Urinary interleukin‐6 is a potentially useful diagnostic and prognostic marker of acute kidney injury in dogs
Authors: Chen Hilla , Avital Yochai , Mazaki‐Tovi Michal , Aroch Itamar , Segev Gilad 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundInterleukin‐6 (IL6) is a pro‐inflammatory cytokine implicated in the pathophysiology of urinary tract diseases. The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic utilities of urinary IL6 (uIL6) in dogs with acute kidney injury (AKI) and other urinary tract diseases.MethodsEighty client‐owned dogs were included and divided into four groups: AKI, chronic kidney disease (CKD), urinary tract infection and healthy controls. Urine samples were analysed for uIL6 and normalised to urinary creatinine (uIL6/uCr).ResultsDogs in the AKI group had higher uIL6/uCr compared with the control and CKD groups (p < 0.001 and 0.012, respectively). Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis of uIL6/uCr as a diagnostic marker for AKI had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.91 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.81–1.0) with 82% sensitivity and 90% specificity (cutoff point 4.5 pg/mg) when including the AKI and control groups. ROC analysis including AKI compared with all other groups had an AUC of 0.77 (95% CI, 0.67–0.87) for the diagnosis of AKI with sensitivity and specificity of 71% and 78%, respectively (cutoff point 10.4 pg/mg). The 30‐day mortality of the AKI group was 34%, and there was no difference in uIL6/uCr between survivors and non‐survivors of AKI.ConclusionsuIL6/uCr is a potentially sensitive and specific diagnostic marker for AKI in dogs.
Performance analysis of a longitudinal fin under the influence of magnetic field using differential transform method with Pade approximant
Authors: Sowmya G. , Kumar K. Thanesh , Srilatha Pudhari , Kumar R. S. Varun , Madhu J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe temperature distribution in a longitudinal fin with magnetic field due to conductive‐convective‐radiative heat transfer is debriefed in this research article. Thermal properties of the fin material, such as thermal conductivity and heat transfer coefficient, have been considered to vary non‐linearly with local temperature whereas surface emissivity has been taken to be constant. The main governing equation of the current model is developed with the aid of Fourier's law of heat conduction, exponentially temperature‐dependent thermal conductivity, Maxwell expression for the effect of the magnetic field, and power‐law temperature‐dependent heat transfer coefficient. This equation is converted into a non‐dimensional form using dimensionless variables and then traced out numerically with the assist of Runge‐Kutta Fehlberg's fourth‐fifth method. Also, the transformed nonlinear energy equation is solved using a DTM‐Pade approximant, yielding an approximate closed‐form solution. The findings of the analytical and numerical investigation are depicted graphically. The outcomes have divulged that the convective and radiative parameters significantly decrease the temperature distribution and improve convective cooling from the fin surface. The rise in the Hartmann number is responsible for the decreasing of the temperature distribution and it aids in accelerating heat transfer.
Algebraic Model Checking for Discrete Linear Dynamical Systems
Authors: Luca Florian , Ouaknine Joël , Worrell James 
Published: August 2022

AbstractModel checking infinite-state systems is one of the central challenges in automated verification. In this survey we focus on an important and fundamental subclass of infinite-state systems, namely discrete linear dynamical systems. While such systems are ubiquitous in mathematics, physics, engineering, etc., in the present context our motivation stems from their relevance to the formal analysis and verification of program loops, weighted automata, hybrid systems, and control systems, amongst many others. Our main object of study is the problem of model checking temporal properties on the infinite orbit of a linear dynamical system, and our principal contribution is to show that for a rich class of properties this problem can be reduced to certain classical decision problems on linear recurrence sequences, notably the Skolem Problem. This leads us to discuss recent advances on the latter and to highlight the prospects for further progress on charting the algorithmic landscape of linear recurrence sequences and linear dynamical systems.