bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact on Soil Health under Organic Nutrient Management in Transplanted Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana L.)
Authors: Aravind S. Ashokh , Kumar N. Senthil , Hemalatha M. , Paramasivan M. 
Published: September 2022

Background: Finger millet being highly nutritious and easy to digest is one of the important crops grown in Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, and Andhra Pradesh. Organic farming is gaining importance among the farmers with increasing yield, improving the quality of grains, and maintaining soil quality. Since the land availability is decreasing with increasing population. Finger millet has great scope under organic cultivation which could result in increased soil condition.
Methodology: A field trial was performed at Agricultural College and Research Institute, Killikulam, Tuticorin, TNAU, Tamil Nadu from 2019 to 2020 during the rabi season to evaluate the performance of various organic sources concerning the soil properties changes. The study was conducted with an RBD design. Treatments include solid manures and liquid organics combination and their performance was evaluated. Finger millet - Co (Ra) 15 was used as a test variety. Soil health represents the soil properties generally including pH, EC, organic carbon content, N, P, and K levels, and also the soil microbial population.
Results and Discussion: From the study, it was found that the application of 100 percent of nitrogen through poultry with foliar application of panchagavya at 30 and 45 DAT gave better yield and also enriched the soil fertility status.
Conclusion: 100% N through Poultry manure and 3% panchagavya foliar spray at 30 & 45 DAT in transplanted finger millet gave increased soil health with higher soil properties. Thus, Organic farming proved to be an eco-friendly management option in finger millet for maintaining good soil health.
Genetic Variability and Character Association for Grain Yield Components in Maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Reddy Yeruva Venkata Subba , Lal Gaibriyal M. , Babu Kaja Yesu , Kumar Bheeram Vinod , Reddy Sirigireddy Ganga Maheshwar 
Published: September 2022

The present investigation was carried out to assess the genetic variability parameters, correlation and path analysis in twenty-one maize genotypes for sixteen quantitative traits Kharif seasons at Field Experimentation Centre, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Uttar Pradesh in Randomized Block Design replicated thrice. Analysis of variance for all sixteen quantitative characters revealed that treatment differences were highly significant under study at 1% level in Kharif season. The present investigation objective was oriented to calculate and estimate yield traits through analyzing the mean performance, variability, expected genetic advance, correlation coefficient and path analysis involving the yield attributing characters. Among 21 genotypes, BML-13 (109.67), MGW-376 (108.93) genotypes were found to be superior for grain yield per plant over the check (Shaktiman-5). GCV for all the characters were less than PCV, indicating the influence of environmental component on the expression of the character. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percent mean in the present genotypes was recorded for traits plant height, ear height, grain rows per cob, cob weight, biological yield per plant, 100 grain weight, grain yield per plant. Path coefficient and Correlation analysis revealed that ear height, cob length, cob girth, grain rows per cob, grains per row, number of cobs per plant, cob weight and biological yield per plant had positive correlation and direct effects with grain yield per plant. Therefore, it is concluded that effective selection must be attempted for these traits which would help in improvement of grain yield in maize genotypes.
Ion Soft‐Landing of Permanently Charged Molecular Ions and Their Charge Retention on Surfaces
Authors: Warneke Jonas , Knorke Harald , Charvat Ales , Warneke Klaus G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Ion soft‐landing, also often called “preparative mass spectrometry,” is a method that allows the deposition of mass‐selected ions onto surfaces without fragmentation. This technique is usually performed using a conductive deposition target. Generally, charge transfer to the surface results in the neutralization of the deposited ions. However, charge retention of the ions can also occur if the deposited ions are electronically very stable or the surface is covered by an insulating layer. The aim of this article is to introduce the reader to fundamental physical models, including detailed mathematical deviations, which contribute to the understanding of the interaction between a layer of deposited ions and approaching ions. First, a historical overview of the experimental evidence for charge retention of soft‐landed ions is given and the classes of molecular ions predominantly used in these studies are introduced. Subsequently, physical models are introduced, considering the influence of a variety of parameters including surface size, ionic layer size, distance between deposited ions, and thickness of insulating layers. Finally, the effects which become important above the monolayer coverage of ions are discussed.
Systemic Delivery of mPEG‐Masked Trispecific T‐Cell Nanoengagers in Synergy with STING Agonists Overcomes Immunotherapy Resistance in TNBC and Generates a Vaccination Effect
Authors: Shen Ming , Chen Chuanrong , Guo Qianqian , Wang Quan , Liao Jinghan , Wang Liting , Yu Jian , Xue Man , Duan Yourong , Zhang Jiali 
Published: September 2022

AbstractT‐cell engagers (TCEs) represent a breakthrough in hematological malignancy treatment but are vulnerable to antigen escape and lack a vaccination effect. The “immunologically cold” solid tumor presents substantial challenges due to intratumor heterogeneity and an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Here, a methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (mPEG)‐masked CD44×PD‐L1/CD3 trispecific T‐cell nanoengager loaded with the STING agonist c‐di‐AMP (CDA) (PmTriTNE@CDA) for the treatment of triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) is rationally designed. PmTriTNE@CDA shows tumor‐specific accumulation and is preferentially unmasked in response to a weakly acidic TME to prevent on‐target off‐tumor toxicity. The unmasked CD44×PD‐L1/CD3 trispecific T‐cell nanoengager (TriTNE) targets dual tumor‐associated antigens (TAAs) to redirect CD8+ T cells for heterogeneous TNBC lysis while achieving PD‐L1 blockade. PmTriTNE synergized with CDA to transform the cold tumor into a hot tumor, eradicate the large established TNBC tumor, and induce protective immune memory in a 4T1 orthotopic tumor model without causing obvious toxicity. PmTriTNE@CDA shows potent efficacy in cell line‐derived xenograft (CDX) and patient‐derived xenograft (PDX) mouse models. This study serves as a proof‐of‐concept demonstration of a nanobased TCEs strategy to expand therapeutic combinations that previously could not be achieved due to systemic toxicity with the aim of overcoming TNBC heterogeneity and immunotherapy resistance.
Big and strong or small and beautiful: Effects of organization size on the performance of farmer cooperatives in China
Authors: Liang Qiao , Bai Rongrong , Jin Zhi , Fu Linlin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe relationship between organization size and performance is widely discussed in relation to companies, yet related discussion of farmer cooperatives is limited. This study maps the membership size distribution of farmer cooperatives in China and explores the effects of membership size on the economic performance of cooperatives. A panel dataset of the census of farmer cooperatives in China from 2014 to 2019 is used for the empirical analyses. First, the Pareto indices of farmer cooperatives' size distribution are calculated, and the results feature the dominance of small cooperatives and the underdevelopment of large cooperatives. Second, membership size has a positive effect on the total profit of cooperatives. Third, the impact of membership size on the profit per member displays an inverted “U” pattern, and the optimal membership size is 19 members. These effects are heterogeneous across product categories and cooperative ages. The robustness of the results is confirmed by alternative key explanatory indicators and estimation methods. [EconLit Citations: Q13, L25].
Adenovirus disease after hematopoietic cell transplantation: A Japanese transplant registry analysis
Authors: Inamoto Yoshihiro , Takeda Wataru , Hirakawa Tsuneaki , Sakaguchi Hirotoshi , Nakano Nobuaki , Uchida Naoyuki , Doki Noriko , Ikegame Kazuhiro , Katayama Yuta , Sawa Masashi , Kuriyama Takuro , Hiramoto Nobuhiro , Ota Shuichi , Ozawa Yukiyasu , Kataoka Keisuke , Kanda Yoshinobu , Hino Moeko , Kimura Takafumi , Atsuta Yoshiko , Fukuda Takahiro , Nagafuji Koji 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe analyzed a Japanese registry database to elucidate the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of adenovirus (AdV) disease after autologous and allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) in contemporary real‐world patients. We evaluated the cumulative incidence of AdV disease, as well as risk factors, survival, and treatment details, among 25 233 patients who underwent autologous HCT and 48 380 patients who underwent allogeneic HCT between 2005 and 2019. The 1‐year cumulative incidences of AdV disease after autologous and allogeneic HCT were 0.18% and 1.52%, respectively, in children, and 0.49% and 2.99%, respectively, in adults. Among patients with AdV disease, renourinary infection was the most common manifestation, and viremia or disseminated disease occurred in 6% of those after autologous HCT and 19% of those after allogeneic HCT. In multivariate analysis, age ≥50 years and lymphoma were associated with AdV disease after autologous HCT, while patients age ≥50 years, male patients, lymphoma, HCT‐specific comorbidity index ≥3, human leukocyte antigen‐mismatched or haploidentical donors, cord blood, in vivo T‐cell depletion, HCT from 2005 to 2009, acute graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD), and chronic GVHD were associated with AdV disease after allogeneic HCT. The 1‐year probabilities of survival after disease diagnosis were 65% in autologous HCT and 44% in allogeneic HCT. Regardless of the AdV disease burden, there was an increased risk of mortality after both autologous and allogeneic HCT. The most commonly used antiviral agents were cidofovir and vidarabine. The probabilities of improvement and survival with currently available agents were suboptimal. AdV disease after HCT remains a challenge. Better antiviral modalities are necessary.
Short‐term postoperative efficacy of steroid‐eluting stents for eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Wang Chengshuo , Yu Longgang , Chu Xiaohan , Wang Kuiji , Li Jian , Lai Yinyan , Meng Cuida , Wen Weiping , Zhu Dongdong , Zhang Yuan , Zhang Luo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundEosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (ECRSwNP) is a refractory clinical phenotype with a high symptom burden and relapse rate. Steroid‐eluting stents are safe and effective for reducing polyp size, symptom burden, and the need for revision sinus surgery. In this study we aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of steroid‐eluting stent implantation on the surgical outcomes of patients with ECRSwNP.MethodsThis prospective, multicenter, randomized, intrapatient‐controlled trial recruited patients 18 to 65 years of age with ECRSwNP who required surgery. Ninety‐eight patients were enrolled and randomly implanted with absorbable steroid‐eluting stents containing mometasone furoate in one sinus at the end of surgery. All patients received standard postoperative care and follow‐up. The primary outcome was the Lund‐Kennedy endoscopic score within 12 weeks postsurgery. Secondary outcomes included nasal symptoms scores, nasal resistance, acoustic rhinometry, nasal nitric oxide levels, 3‐dimensional volumetric computed tomography scores, and eosinophil counts in the ethmoid mucosa.ResultsNinety‐five patients completed the trial. At postoperative weeks 4, 8, and 12, the Lund‐Kennedy scores were significantly lower on the treatment side than on the control side (all p < 0.01). Compared with the treatment side, the control side exhibited higher tissue eosinophilia at week 4 and higher volumetric, nasal obstruction, and total nasal symptom scores at postoperative week 8 (p = 0.011, p = 0.011, p < 0.01, and p = 0.001, respectively). No adrenal cortical suppression or serious side effects were observed.ConclusionSteroid‐eluting stents reduce postoperative sinus mucosal edema, and eosinophilic inflammation, with persistent effects after stent disintegration, and are a good supplementary postsurgical treatment in patients with ECRSwNP.
Dual‐Network Structured Hydrogel Electrolytes Engaged Solid‐State Rechargeable Zn‐Air/Iodide Hybrid Batteries
Authors: Liu Qingqing , Xia Chenfeng , He Chaohui , Guo Wei , Wu Zi Ping , Li Zhen , Zhao Qiang , Xia Bao Yu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAs a key component of batteries, the electrolyte determines the ion transport and interface chemistry of the cathode and anode. In this work, we develop a dual‐network structured hydrogel electrolyte composed of polyacrylamide (PAM), sodium alginate (SA) and potassium iodide (KI) for solid‐state zinc‐air/iodide hybrid batteries. The assembled hybrid battery shows excellent renewability and a long cycling life of 110 h with a high energy efficiency of 80 %. The ion‐crosslinked dual‐network structure endows the material with improved mechanical strength and increased ionic conductivity. More importantly, the introduction of iodine species not only offers more favorable cathodic kinetics of iodide/iodate redox than oxygen electrocatalysis but also regulates the solvation structure of zinc ions to ensure better interface stability. This work provides significant concepts for developing novel solid‐state electrolytes to realize high‐performance energy devices and technologies.
Surface‐Exposed Single‐Ni Atoms with Potential‐Driven Dynamic Behaviors for Highly Efficient Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Zhao Yafei , Lu Xue Feng , Fan Guilan , Luan Deyan , Gu Xiaojun , Lou Xiong Wen (David) 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTrapping the active sites on the exterior surface of hollow supports can reduce mass transfer resistance and enhance atomic utilization. Herein, we report a facile chemical vapor deposition strategy to synthesize single‐Ni atoms decorated hollow S/N‐doped football‐like carbon spheres (Ni SAs@S/N‐FCS). Specifically, the CdS@3‐aminophenol/formaldehyde is carbonized into S/N‐FCS. The gas‐migrated Ni species are anchored on the surface of S/N‐FCS simultaneously, yielding Ni SAs@S/N‐FCS. The obtained catalyst exhibits outstanding performance for alkaline oxygen evolution reaction (OER) with an overpotential of 249 mV at 10 mA cm−2, a small Tafel slope of 56.5 mV dec−1, and ultra‐long stability up to 166 hours without obvious fading. Moreover, the potential‐driven dynamic behaviors of Ni‐N4 sites and the contribution of the S dopant at different locations in the matrix to the OER activity are revealed by the operando X‐ray absorption spectroscopy and theoretical calculations, respectively.
Generation of Tunable Ultrastrong White‐Light Emission by Activation of a Solid Supramolecule through Bromonaphthylpyridinium Polymerization
Authors: Hu Yu‐Yang , Dai Xian‐Yin , Dong Xiaoyun , Huo Man , Liu Yu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHerein, we reported solid supramolecular bromonaphthylpyridinium polymers (P‐BrNp), which exhibit tunable phosphorescence emission in the amorphous state enabled by sulfobutylether‐β‐cyclodextrin (SBE‐β‐CD) and diarylethene derivatives. The monomer BrNp gave single fluorescence emission at 490 nm, while an apparent room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) at 550 nm emerged for P‐BrNp copolymers with various feed ratios. Through fluorescence‐phosphorescence dual emission, P‐BrNp‐0.1 displayed an ultrahigh white‐light emission quantum yield of 83.9 %. Moreover, the subsequent assembly with SBE‐β‐CD further enhanced the phosphorescent quantum yield of P‐BrNp‐0.1 from 64.1 % to 71.3 %, accompanied by the conversion of photoluminescence emission from white to yellow. Diarylethene monomers were introduced as photoswitches to realize reversible RTP emission, which can be used in switchable data encryption and multifunctional writing ink.
Quantifying shell patterning helps identify species of Trionychidae
Authors: Pamfilie Alexandra M. , Espinal Milka D. , Vitek Natasha S. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSoftshell turtles (Trionychidae) display characteristic pits and ridges, or “sculpturing,” on the bony carapace. Variation in sculpturing pattern may be useful in classifying fossilized shell fragments. Although past attempts could discern qualitative differences in certain best‐case scenarios, many early taxonomic uses of sculpturing traits have been reevaluated as unreliable in the face of intraspecific variation. The potential of sculpturing to contain consistently reliable, quantitative, taxonomically informative traits remains underexplored. Here, we revisit this idea by quantifying trionychid shell patterning with topographic measurement techniques more commonly applied to nonhomologous quantification of mammalian teeth and geographic surface topography. We assess potential sources of variation and accuracy of these metrics for species identification. Carapaces of extant specimens used in this study included members of the speciesApalone ferox,Apalone spinifera, andAmyda cartilagineaand were obtained from the herpetology collections of the Florida Museum of Natural History. 3D scans of shells were systematically sampled to create digital “fragments.” These fragments were quantified using three topographic measurements: Dirichlet Normal Energy (DNE), Relief Index (RFI), and Orientation Patch Count Rotated (OPCR). A nested MANOVA suggests there is significant variation at the species, individual, and carapace location levels of analysis. Linear discriminant analysis correctly predicts a sample's species identity from DNE, RFI, and OPCR 75.2% of the time. These promising results indicate that topographic measures may provide a method for identifying shell fragments that are currently identifiable only as Trionychidae indet. Future work should explore this approach in additional species and account for ontogenetic changes.
Ontogeny of the meniscus in the anuran Xenopus laevis
Authors: Lazarte María de los Ángeles , Manzano Adriana , Sanchez Romel S. , Abdala Virginia 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe anuran knee joint is subjected to the jump, one of the tetrapods' most demanding mechanical stresses. Consistent with this continuous effort, the knee of the anurans has a complex structure comparable to that of an amniote. Here, we describe the ontogeny of the Xenopus knee tissues and study the morphogenesis of the knee joint shape by performing a geometric morphometric analysis of specially selected anatomical structures: the menisci and the long bone epiphyses. A meniscus is a crescent‐shaped fibrocartilaginous structure, with a triangular cross‐section inserted between joints surfaces. A meniscus transmits load across the tibiofemoral joint by increasing congruity of the long bone epiphysis and decreasing the resulting stress exerted on the articular cartilage. We ask two questions: (1) what is the tissue composition along the ontogeny of the menisci of a swimming frog? (2) How do the menisci acquire the shape that will allow their adjustment? We studied the structures and tissue ontogeny of the knee of several specimens of Xenopus laevis and evaluated the congruity of the knee structures across the species ontogeny. Histological sections showed that the cavitation process responsible for separating the menisci and the epiphyses seems to be pivotal in shaping the conformity of these structures and the long bone epiphyses of the hindlimbs. The geometric morphometric analysis allowed us to interpret three phases of differentiation associated with limb functionality. The characteristic shape of the meniscus appears early in the ontogeny of the knee, simultaneously with the epiphysis contours.
Korrosionsmonitoring zum Wirksamkeitsnachweis des Instandsetzungsverfahrens 8.3 (W‐Cl)
Authors: Wunderle‐Beck Julia , Mayer Till Felix , Zausinger Christoph , Gehlen Christoph 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDie Instandsetzung von chloridbedingten Korrosionsschäden an der Park‐ und Verkehrsinfrastruktur verursacht bundesweit jährlich Kosten von mehreren Milliarden Euro. Neben den unmittelbaren Kosten sind Instandsetzungen an Parkbauwerken in der Regel zusätzlich mit erheblichen sekundären Kosten durch Nutzungsbeeinträchtigungen und damit einhergehenden Einnahmeausfällen verbunden. Vor diesem Hintergrund besteht ein großer Bedarf an Instandsetzungsverfahren, die eine wirtschaftliche und schnelle Instandsetzung chloridbeaufschlagter Bauteile ermöglichen. Einen möglichen Lösungsansatz stellt das Instandsetzungsverfahren W‐Cl gemäß RL‐SIB [1] bzw. Verfahren 8.3 gemäß TR‐IH [2] dar, bei dem auf einen Abtrag des chloridbelasteten Betons vollständig verzichtet wird. Allerdings ist dieses Instandsetzungsverfahren – in Abhängigkeit von den Randbedingungen – mit einem wesentlich höheren Risiko als konventionelle Instandsetzungsvarianten verbunden, weshalb seine Anwendung nach Regelwerk nur in Verbindung mit einem geeigneten Monitoringsystem zur Überwachung der Korrosionsaktivität und Verifizierung des Instandsetzungserfolgs vorgesehen ist. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden die Ergebnisse einer Studie zur Wirksamkeit des Verfahrens 8.3 im Rissbereich an insgesamt 130 Korrosionssensoren aus fünf instand gesetzten Bauwerken dargestellt. Zunächst wird das verwendete Monitoringsystem zur Überwachung der Korrosionsaktivitäten erläutert. Im Anschluss werden verschiedene Kriterien zum quantitativen Nachweis des Instandsetzungserfolgs vorgestellt und verglichen. Abschließend werden die Daten hinsichtlich der Wirkmechanismen und der Anwendungsgrenzen des Instandsetzungsverfahrens 8.3 diskutiert.
New Meanings in the Archive: Privacy, Technological Change and the Status of Sources**
Authors: Bangham Jenny 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis essay reflects on how technological changes in biomedicine can affect what archival sources are available for historical research. Historians and anthropologists have examined the ways in which old biomedical samples can be made to serve novel scientific purposes, such as when decades‐old frozen tissue specimens are analyzed using new genomic techniques. Those uses are also affected by shifting ethical regimes, which affect who can do what with old samples, or whether anything can be done with them at all. Archival collections are subject to similar dynamics, as institutional change and shifts in ethical guidelines and privacy laws affect which sources can be accessed and which are closed. I witnessed just such a change during my research into human genetics using archives in the Wellcome Collection. A few years into my project, those archives had their privacy conditions reassessed, and I saw how some sources previously seen as neutral were now understood to contain personal sensitive information. This paper describes the conditions of this shift—including the effects of technological change, new ethical considerations, and changing laws around privacy. I reflect on how these affected my understanding of the history of human genetics, and how I and others might narrate it.