bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of low‐dose CT on smoking behavior among non‐smokers, former‐smokers, and smokers: A population‐based screening cohort in rural China
Authors: Su Zheng , Li Xuebing , Wu Heng , Meng Zhaowei , Li Yang , Pan Hongli , Liang Hao , Wang Ying , Zhao Fang‐Hui , Qiao Youlin , Zhou Qinghua , Fan Ya‐Guang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundLung cancer screening may provide a “teachable moment” for the smoking cessation and relapse prevention. However, the impact of lung cancer screening on smoking initiation in non‐smokers has not been reported.MethodsA baseline smoking behavior survey was conducted in 2000 participants who were screened by low‐dose computed tomography (LDCT) from 2014 to 2018. All participants were re‐surveyed on their smoking behavior in 2019. Of these, 312 participants were excluded, leaving 1688 participants in the final analysis. The smoking initiation rate in baseline non‐smokers, the relapse rate in baseline former smokers, and the abstinence rate in baseline current smokers were calculated, respectively. The associations between screening results, demographic characteristics, and smoking behavior change were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression.ResultsFrom 2014 to 2019, smoking prevalence significantly decreased from 52.6% to 49.1%. The prevalence of smoking initiation, relapse, and abstinence in baseline non‐smokers, former, and current smokers was 16.8%, 22.9%, and 23.7%, respectively. The risk of smoking initiation in baseline non‐smokers was significantly higher in those with negative screening result (adjusted OR = 2.97, 95% CI: 1.27–6.94). Compared to smokers who only received baseline screening, the chance of smoking abstinence in baseline current smokers was reduced by over 80% in those who attended 5 rounds of screening (adjusted OR = 0.15, 95% CI:0.08–0.27). No significant associations were found between smoking relapse and prior screening frequency, with at least one positive screening result. Age, gender, occupational exposure, income, and smoking pack years were also associated with smoking behavior changes.ConclusionsThe overall decreased smoking prevalence indicated an overwhelming effect of “teachable moment” on “license to smoke.” A tailored smoking cessation strategy should be integrated into lung cancer screening.
Universal Synthesis of Transition‐Metal Phosphide/Carbon Hybrid Nanosheets for Stable Sodium Ion Storage and Full‐Cell Application
Authors: Zhao Liping , Li Jie , Peng Bo , Wang Gongrui , Yu Lai , Guo Yiming , Shi Liang , Zhang Genqiang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTransition metal phosphides (TMP), as promising candidates for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs), have recently attracted tremendous attention by virtue of high theoretical capacity, low cost and abundant resources. Nevertheless, unsatisfactory rate performance and inferior cycling stability caused by inevitable volume expansion and sluggish charge transfer kinetics extremely restrict their practical applications. Herein, we present hierarchical TMP‐carbon hybrid structures composed of carbon coated TMP nanoparticles embedded in P and N dual‐doped porous carbon nanosheets (denoted as TMP@C⊂PNCNS, including FeP@C⊂PNCNS, CoP@C⊂PNCNS and Ni2P@C⊂PNCNS) through a facile, extensible, one‐pot strategy followed by carbonization treatment. Thanks to the dual‐carbon protected, P and N dual‐doped and hierarchical structure, the TMP@C⊂PNCNS anodes display an extraordinary sodium‐ion storage performance. Notably, the FeP@C⊂PNCNS demonstrates a remarkable reversible capacity of 127.8 mA h g−1 after 4000 cycles at a high current density of 5.0 A g−1 with 70.8 % capacity retention. More importantly, the full‐cell based on Na3V2(PO4)3 cathode and FeP@C⊂PNCNS anode delivers an outstanding energy/power density of 172.1 W h kg−1/80.2 W kg−1. This work provides valuable insights into the facile synthesis of hybrid nanostructures and further promotes the development of TMP‐based anode materials.
Bucket Effect to Improve Third‐Order Nonlinear Optical Response on Metal‐Heteroaromatic Compounds
Authors: Wang Zirui , Fang Yu‐Hui , Lin Huaxing , Zhao Guoxiang , Yan Weiyin , Ma Zuju , Li Qiao‐Hong , Zhang Jian 
Published: July 2022

Comprehensive SummaryCarbolong compounds as a metal‐heteroaromatic compound with both organometallic properties and π‐conjugated systems exhibit great potential in organic catalysis and optoelectronic devices. In this work, for the first time, the “Bucket Effect” is revealed to promote the third‐order nonlinear optical (NLO) performance in metal‐heteroaromatic compounds. We have successfully constructed and investigated a series of novel metallapentalenes with higher third‐order NLO performance benefited from the “Bucket Effect”. Meanwhile, aromaticity and electron−hole analysis further confirm the internal homogeneity of organometallic rings, reduced bandgap, and enhanced low‐energy peak response resulted in the enhanced third‐order NLO effects. The success of this work is discovering an emerging material library of high third‐order NLO effects, and illustrating the feasibility of engineering the high response metal‐heteroaromatic optical devices at the electronic structure level.
A Coumarin−Donepezil Hybrid as a Blood−Brain Barrier Permeable Dual Cholinesterase Inhibitor: Isolation, Synthetic Modifications, and Biological Evaluation of Natural Coumarins
Authors: Sharma Ankita , Nuthakki Vijay K. , Gairola Sumeet , Singh Bikarma , Bharate Sandip B. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPlants have immensely contributed to the drug discovery for neurodegenerative diseases. Herein, we undertook the phytochemical investigation of Nardostachys jatamansi (D.Don) DC. rhizomes followed by semisynthetic modifications to discover cholinesterase (ChE) and beta‐site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE‐1) inhibitors. The 8‐acetyl‐7‐hydroxycoumarin isolated from the bioactive extract moderately inhibits acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and BACE‐1 with IC50 values of 22.1 and 17.7 μM, respectively. The semisynthetic trifluoromethyl substituted coumarin chalcone display a 5‐fold improvement in BACE‐1 inhibition (IC50 3.3 μM). Another semisynthetic derivative, a coumarin‐donepezil hybrid, exhibits dual inhibition of both ChEs with IC50 values of 1.22 and 3.09 μM, respectively. Molecular modeling and enzyme kinetics revealed that the coumarin‐donepezil hybrid is a non‐competitive inhibitor of AChE. It crosses the blood‐brain barrier and also inhibits Aβ self‐aggregation. The results presented herein warrant a detailed investigation of the coumarin‐donepezil hybrid in preclinical models of Alzheimer's disease.
A randomized phase 2 trial of nivolumab, gemcitabine, and cisplatin or nivolumab and ipilimumab in previously untreated advanced biliary cancer: BilT‐01
Authors: Sahai Vaibhav , Griffith Kent A. , Beg Muhammad S. , Shaib Walid L. , Mahalingam Devalingam , Zhen David B. , Deming Dustin A. , Zalupski Mark M. 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundGemcitabine and cisplatin has limited benefit as treatment for advanced biliary tract cancer (BTC). The addition of an anti‐programmed death receptor (PD‐1)/PD‐ligand (L1) antibody to either systemic chemotherapy or anti‐cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte‐associated protein 4 (CTLA4) antibody has shown benefit in multiple solid tumors.MethodsIn this phase 2 trial, patients 18 years or older with advanced BTC without prior systemic therapy and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status 0–1 were randomized across six academic centers. Patients in Arm A received nivolumab (360 mg) on day 1 along with gemcitabine and cisplatin on days 1 and 8 every 3 weeks for 6 months followed by nivolumab (240 mg) every 2 weeks. Patients in Arm B received nivolumab (240 mg) every 2 weeks and ipilimumab (1 mg/kg) every 6 weeks.ResultsOf 75 randomized patients, 68 received therapy (Arm A = 35, Arm B = 33); 51.5% women with a median age of 62.5 years. The observed primary outcome of 6‐month progression‐free survival (PFS) rates in the evaluable population was 59.4% in Arm A and 21.2% in Arm B. The median PFS and overall survival (OS) in Arm A were 6.6 and 10.6 months, and in Arm B 3.9 and 8.2 months, respectively, in patients who received any treatment. The most common treatment‐related grade 3 or higher hematologic adverse event was neutropenia in 34.3% (Arm A) and nonhematologic adverse events were fatigue (8.6% Arm A) and elevated transaminases (9.1% Arm B).ConclusionsThe addition of nivolumab to chemotherapy or ipilimumab did not improve 6‐month PFS. Although median OS was less than 12 months in both arms, the high OS rate at 2 years in Arm A suggests benefit in a small cohort of patients.
Alkali Etching Induced CoAl‐Layered Double Oxides with Regulatable Cation and Oxygen Vacancy Defects to Promote the Photothermal Degradation of Methanol
Authors: Wang Huangbin , Zeng Yikui , Mao Huiyang , Huang Haomin , Hu Yun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBy controlling the alkali etching time, the cation and oxygen vacancies contents of CoAl‐LDHs were adjusted. Then CoAl‐layered double oxides catalysts (CoAl‐LDOs‐x) were prepared by calcination and applied to the photothermal catalytic degradation of methanol and acetone under the full spectrum simulated solar illumination. Compared with CoAl‐LDOs‐0 without alkali etching, CoAl‐LDOs‐9 with alkali etching for 9 h showed the most superior photothermal catalytic activity and excellent stability. A series of studies had suggested that the most superior activity of the catalyst could be ascribed to the cation vacancy produced by alkali etching, resulting in more Co3+ active sites on the surface. At the same time, alkali etching also produced oxygen vacancy, which accelerated the adsorption and conversion of surface reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, the activation effect of light on lattice oxygen and gas phase oxygen was proved by in‐situ DRIFTS, and the degradation path of methanol was clarified.
Plasma circulating cell‐free MYCN gene: A noninvasive and prominent recurrence monitoring indicator of neuroblastoma
Authors: Liang Ying , Liu Yan , Zhang Pin , Zhang Mengxin , Du Bang , Cheng Weyland , Yu Zhidan , Li Lifeng , Wang Huanmin , Hou Guangjun , Zhang Xianwei , Zhang Wancun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe postoperative recurrence of neuroblastoma (NB) patients is an essential reason for the high mortality of NB due to the lack of early, non‐invasive, and dynamic strategies for monitoring NB recurrence. Therefore, whether the plasma circulating cell‐free MYCN gene as an indicator for monitoring of NB recurrence was systematically evaluated. The MYCN copy number and NAGK (reference gene) copy number (M/N) ratio in plasma and corresponding tumor tissues of NB patients was detected using an economical, sensitive, and specific single‐tube dual RT‐PCR approach developed in this study. The plasma M/N ratio of the MYCN gene amplification (MNA) group (N = 25, median M/N ratio = 4.90) was significantly higher than that of the non‐MNA group (N = 71, median M/N ratio = 1.22), p < .001. The M/N ratio in NB plasma (N = 60) was positively correlated with the M/N ratio in NB tumor tissue (N = 60), with a correlation coefficient of 0.9496. In particular, the results of dynamic monitoring of postoperative plasma M/N ratio of NB patients showed that an abnormal increase in M/N ratio could be detected 1–2 months before recurrence in NB patients. In summary, the single‐tube double RT‐PCR approach can be used to quantitatively detect MYCN copy number. The copy number of MYCN in the tissue and plasma of NB patients is consistent with each other. More importantly, the circulating cell‐free MYCN gene of NB patients can be used as a monitoring indicator for early, non‐invasive, and dynamic monitoring of NB recurrence.
Medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw and successful implant treatment in a patient on high‐dose antiresorptive medication: A case report
Authors: Ottesen Camilla , Andersen Sanne W. M. , Jensen Simon S. , Kofod Thomas , Gotfredsen Klaus 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectivesOral rehabilitation can be a challenge in patients on high‐dose antiresorptive medication (HDAR), especially if the alveolar anatomy has changed due to previous medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) resection. In healthy patients, dental implant treatment has found wide acceptance in prosthetic rehabilitation as it increases the patient's oral health‐related quality of life. However, it is considered contraindicated in patients on HDAR due to the risk of MRONJ, although a recent feasibility study indicates that implant treatment may indeed be an option in these patients. The aim of the present case report is to illustrate the risk of MRONJ in a patient with cancer on HDAR and to discuss the reasons behind the outcomes of the implant treatment.Materials and MethodsA patient with prostate cancer with bone metastases on high‐dose denosumab therapy with previous MRONJ had four implants inserted bilaterally in the maxilla (14, 13, 23, 24). Two identical implant‐supported screw‐retained cantilever bridges were fabricated. The patient was followed for more than 1 year.Results and ConclusionPeri‐implantitis, and/or MRONJ, was diagnosed around two of the implants (23, 24), probably induced by crestal bone trauma from a healing abutment and/or a misfitting prosthetic reconstruction. A peri‐implantitis operation was performed, but without the desired response, and the two implants (23, 24) were later removed in an MRONJ resection. The implants on the other side of the maxilla (14, 13) remained without complications. Dental implant treatment is feasible in patients on HDAR, but comorbidities (e.g., diabetes mellitus) and polypharmacy (e.g., chemotherapy and steroids) may add to the risk of implant failure. Minimal trauma surgery and prosthodontics are crucial to increase the chance of successful healing in an HDAR patient.
Fermented lingonberry juice's effects on active MMP‐8 (aMMP‐8), bleeding on probing (BOP), and visible plaque index (VPI) in dental implants—A clinical pilot mouthwash study
Authors: Lähteenmäki Hanna , Tervahartiala Taina , Räisänen Ismo T. , Pärnänen Pirjo , Sorsa Timo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectivesWe aimed to study the effects of fermented lingonberry juice (FLJ) as a mouthwash on the levels of active matrix metalloproteinase‐8 (aMMP‐8) in peri‐implant sulcular fluid (PISF), bleeding on probing (BOP), and visible plaque index (VPI). We hypothesized that FLJ rinsing could reduce inflammation (aMMP‐8 and BOP) and microbial load (VPI) in the oral cavity, especially around dental implants.Materials and MethodsA clinical pilot study was performed using FLJ as a mouthwash. The inclusion criteria were at least one dental implant in the anterior or posterior areas with a screw‐retained crown. Ten participants used 10 ml of mouthwash twice a day for 15 days, and 10 participants served as the control group. Point‐of‐care tests (POCTs) were used to measure aMMP‐8 levels in the PISF, and BOP and VPI were recorded at the beginning of the trial and after 15 and 30 days.ResultsThe FLJ mouthwash had a reductive effect on aMMP‐8, VPI, and BOP in the mouthwash group; however, there was no significant difference compared to the control group. The difference in VPI and BOP levels between the groups diminished after the lingonberry regimen ended. The decrease in aMMP‐8 levels appeared to continue even after discontinuation of the mouthwash regimen.ConclusionThe reduction in the amount of plaque, aMMP‐8, and BOP by FLJ was promising and continuous considering the relatively short study period and sample size. FLJ is a natural and safe supplement for oral and dental implant home care. Further studies are required to verify these promising results.
Reading publics and a curriculum in literature
Authors: Sawyer Wayne 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe notion of reading publics has a secure place in the sociology of Literature but its place in the educational literature around curriculum studies is relatively sparse. Here I address the question of reading publics in a curriculum context by examining school subject curricula whose very raisons d'etre are the creation of a reading public, viz. the curricula in Literature that usually sit inside high school English/Language Arts. I am interested in the extent to which ‘reading publics’ can themselves be ‘read off’ such Literature curricula and also in the kind of reading publics that are imagined as being created through such curricula. Under examination are two senior years courses from the Australian Curriculum: English which imagine two quite different ‘beneficiary publics’ which I argue as class‐based differences, but which nevertheless both represent what I call a ‘weak’ version of an imagined beneficiary public. I conclude by asking how a curriculum might imagine a more socially oriented reading public.
Assortative mixing in eastern spadefoot (Scaphiopus holbrookii) spatial networks is driven by landscape features
Authors: Devan‐Song Anne , Walden M. A. , Watson James R. , Jolles Anna E. , Fox Justine M. , Karraker Nancy E. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBiotic and abiotic factors drive assortative mixing (preference for or sorting with individuals with similar characteristics) in animal populations on a landscape, with implications for dispersal, population structuring, and other ecological and evolutionary processes. However, patterns and generative mechanisms of assortative mixing are overlooked in amphibians outside of specific life history events such as reproduction. The aims of this project were to determine whether there is assortative mixing by size and life history category in eastern spadefoots (Scaphiopus holbrookii), whether these patterns are preserved across time and spatial scale, and quantify the nature and relative role of various habitat and soil features in explaining observed patterns in spatial organization of individuals. We conducted field surveys in southeastern Virginia, USA, in 2016 and 2017 during nonbreeding periods to create spatial networks of S. holbrookii. We quantified spatial assortativity by size and life history stage and evaluated the roles of multiple landscape features in explaining spatial organization of S. holbrookii. We found that S. holbrookii sorted spatially by size and sex outside of breeding periods, with juveniles and adults less likely to sort with each other. Within each life history stage, S. holbrookii sorted by size. These patterns were similar across time and spatial scale. Soil and habitat types had no effect on assortativity. Instead, the distance to nearest breeding pool, wetland, and meadow were related to life history stage assortativity, as well as size assortativity in males and subadults. Adult males and females displayed affinity for breeding pools and meadows and avoidance of other types of wetlands, while subadults and nonbreeding adults showed opposite patterns compared with breeding adults. Our results indicate that (1) previously established guidelines for the minimum size of buffer zones to protect wetland‐breeding amphibians may be inadequate, (2) nonbreeding wetlands may be important core habitat for subadults, and (3) the upland spatial organization of amphibians may be used to predict locations of undetected breeding pools.
Energy management and system design for fuel cell hybrid unmanned aerial vehicles
Authors: Liu Huiying , Yao Yongming , Wang Jie , Yang Tingyi , Li Tianyu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe growth in the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has created an increasing demand for energy‐efficient and green power systems. In this paper, we have evaluated energy management strategies (EMSs) and system optimization design methodologies for fuel cell/battery‐powered hybrid UAVs (HUAVs). EMSs aimed at the optimization of flight endurance and fuel cell durability were proposed based on fuzzy logic, dynamic programming, equivalent consumption minimization, and Pontryagin's minimum principle (PMP). System optimization design methodologies, including static design and synergistic sizing optimization design, were also devised. The synergistic sizing optimization was based on multiobjective optimization, while optimization of the EMS used a non‐dominated sorting genetic algorithm. The effectiveness of the proposed EMSs and optimization design were then validated by simulation. Results showed that the proposed EMSs have both long flight time and good fuel cell durability, with the improved PMP prolonging the fight endurance by 4.64% and reducing the mean current of the fuel cell by 16.1% compared with fuzzy logic. Substantial improvements were obtained by using sizing optimization, and parameter sensitivity was addressed. The findings of this study can aid in the future development of fuel cell‐powered UAVs.
Consumption of nutritive supplements during physical activities in Romania: A qualitative study
Authors: Ionescu Romeo Victor , Antohi Valentin Marian , Zlati Monica Laura , Iconomescu Mihaela Teodora , Nechifor Alexandru , Stanciu Silvius 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe consumption of nutritional supplements by the population that practices physical activities in a regular, organized manner represents a form of scientific interest for professionals interested in analyzing the somatic and biological changes that occur under the influence of the stimuli provided by nutritional supplements. In this context, based on a new statistical model proposed by the authors, we aimed at assessing nutritional supplement consumption efficiency and the effects felt by the consumers in relation to both the achievement of their health goals and the destructuring of the biological processes following the consumption of these supplements. The new model, created by the authors, can be applied to the population of any other state in the world. The methods used in this article are analytical and prospective, and they are based on a qualitative questionnaire applied to 310 Romanian people who practice sports regularly; the sample group being considered representative for the entire population of Romania by the Cochran W.G. test. The results of the study are useful to both the specialists and the people who take nutritional supplements, and they help in improving the perception regarding the efficiency of these products on various categories, as will be seen from the data provided in this study. Moreover, the results of this analysis are also interesting for the providers of products such as pharmacies and authorized distributors, which can scientifically quantify their supply in the market.