bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptive Super-Twisting Sliding Mode Control for Nonlinear Dynamic Systems with Unknown Polynomial Perturbations
Authors: Liu Jianghua , Zhu Jiang , Khayati Karim , Zhong Dong , Jiang Jinguang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The study focuses on the control of nonlinear dynamic systems in the presence of parameter uncertainties, unmodeled dynamics, and external disturbances. The lumped perturbation is assumed to be bounded within a polynomial in the system state with the polynomial parameters and degrees unknown a priori such that it accommodates a quite wider range dynamic systems. Based on the analyses about the stability issues existed in recent super-twisting algorithm ( STA ) designs and the idea from adaptive sliding mode control ( ASMC ) for nonlinear systems with uncertainties, we propose a novel adaptive super-twisting algorithm with exponential reaching law, exponential super-twisting algorithm ( ESTA ), for the high-stability, chattering-free, and acceptable accuracy control of the aimed nonlinear dynamics. The stability analysis and finite-time convergence are proven using Lyapunov theory and an intuitive analysis of the control behaviour. Simulations are performed to compare the proposed ESTA with the existing STA method and the traditional proportional integral control. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed ESTA in terms of the fastest settling time and the smallest overshoot.
Dry machining of nodular cast iron using a YAG-reinforced alumina ceramic cutting tool
Authors: Sousa Leopoldo Ferreira , Simba Bruno Galvão , Souza José Vitor Candido , Ribeiro Marcos Valério , Silva Olivério Moreira Macedo , Santos Claudinei 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this work an alumina-yttrium aluminum garnet (Al2O3-YAG) cutting tool was developed and characterized aiming application in dry machining of nodular (spheroidal) cast iron. Ceramic powders containing 85 wt.% Al2O3 and 15 wt.% Y3Al5O12(YAG) were homogenized, compacted, and sintered at 1600 ºC for 2h at a heating rate of 5 °C/min. The sintered ceramic presented relative density of 98.3 ±0.2%. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed α-Al2O3 and YAG as crystal phases, both with equiaxed grains with average sizes of 1-4 𝜇m (Al2O3 phase) and 0.7-1 𝜇m (YAG phase). In addition, this ceramic composite presented Vickers hardness and fracture toughness of 15.2 ±0.2 GPa and 4.6 ±0.3 MPa.m1/2, respectively. The dry machining performance of the Al2O3-YAG cutting tool was compared with that of a commercial cemented carbide cutting tool using cutting speed (VC) of 200 and 500 m/min, feed rate (f) of 0.25 and 0.10 mm/rev, and axial depth of cut (ap) of 0.60 mm. The results showed that the best setting for the cemented carbide cutting tool was obtained at VC=200 m/min and f=0.25 mm/rev, which produced the best machinability with average surface roughness (Ra) of 3.516 μm, cutting length (LC) of 6000 m, and maximum flank wear (VBmax) of 0.58 mm. For the Al2O3-YAG cutting tool, the best setting was achieved at VC=500 m/min and f=0.10 mm/rev, which produced Ra=0.848 μm, LC=12,293 m, and VBmax=0.54 mm.
The effect of vitreomacular interface in neovascular age-related macular degeneration treated with intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF
Authors: Han Fangyuan , Chen Xingwang , Zhao Ruyi , Jin Xin , Tan Wei , Zhang Ying 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study is to study the effect of repeated intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) drugs on vitreomacular interface.Methods: Neovascular age-related macular degeneration patients who received intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF drugs were included. Eyes with severe vitreous opacity, uveitis, complicated cataract surgery and previous vitrectomy were excluded. vitreomacular interface, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central retinal thickness (CRT) assessment was performed once a month for at least 3 months. The nature and time of the change event are recorded.Results: Total 87 eyes were evaluated. Vitreomacular interface change event occurred in 9 eyes. Pre-existing vitreomacular interface abnormality (VMIA) was a risk factor for the VMI change (P=0.033, OR=16.518, 95% CI: 1.258 to 216.939). The interface event occurred in the first 3 months of treatment. the final BCVA of eyes with vitreomacular interface unchanged was significantly higher than that at baseline (P=0.001), and the final CRT was also significantly lower than that at baseline (P<0.001 and P=0.001). The final CRT of eyes with vitreomacular interface changed was significantly lower than that at baseline (P=0.015), however, there was no statistical significance in BCVA (P=0.468).Conclusions: Intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF drugs has a certain probability to cause changes in vitreomacular interface, and the risk is higher in eyes with pre-existing vitreomacular interface abnormality. The effect of intravitreal injections on vitreomacular interface was concentrated in the first three injections, and subsequent increases in the number of injections did not significantly increase the risk of vitreomacular interface abnormality. Ophthalmologists should increase attention to the vitreomacular interface in the early stages of anti-VEGF therapy and counsel patients accordingly.
Effect of polyaspartic acid on soil water content, soil microbial diversity, cotton yield and fiber quality
Authors: Liu Wen-long , Zhao Jian-Bo , Zeng Hong , Wan Chuan-xing 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose Water-saving is one of the most important problems in agricultural development, especially in arid and semi-arid areas. The effects of polyaspartic acid (PASP) on soil water storage, soil microbial community, soil physiochemical properties, cotton yield and fiber quality were studied to find water-saving material utilized in cotton field. Materials and methods The experiment was divided into two parts, the first part concerned the direct application of three different amounts of PASP under field conditions. In the second part PASP was mixed with soil in different proportions and the mixtures were put into bottles, which were then buried in the cotton field. Results and discussion The application of PASP improved the water-holding capacity and thus increased water content available to the cotton root system in the cotton field for a long time, and significantly (p<0.05) increased the content of soil organic matter, available P and ammonium-N. Relative abundances of Methylophaga, Sphingomonas, Cupriavidus, Pseudeurotium, Fusarium and Nectria were significantly affected by applying PASP. Compared to the control group, 15 kg ha−1, 75 kg ha−1 and 150 kg ha−1 of PASP increased seed cotton yield by 3.94%, 8.31% and 7.71%, respectively. The application of PASP also increased reflectance degree, Micronaire and short fiber index of cotton. Conclusion These results suggested that 75 kg ha-1 of PASP can be appropriate to alleviate drought stress in arid and semi-arid areas.
The binding of phthalates with nuclease influences the DNA enzymatic degradation
Authors: Qin Chao , Cheng Hao , Yang Bing , Xu Yanxing , Hu Xiaojie , Gao Yanzheng , Ling Wanting 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Extracellular DNA (exDNA) degradation determines the persistence and the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes which are the root cause for antibiotic resistance threatened human health. However, the effect of ubiquitous environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals such as phthalates (PAEs) on this process is unclear. Here, we investigated the DNA degradation in the presence of five typical PAEs [dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP)] via gel electrophoresis experiments, spectroscopic analyses, atomic force microscopy, and molecular dynamics simulations. Results show that the PAEs inhibited DNA enzymatic degradation. PAEs were bound to amino groups in deoxyribonuclease I (DNase I) amino acid residues via van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonding, leading to the decrease of helix structure and structural deformation of DNase I, which in turn caused the decrease of its enzymatic activity. This binding interaction mainly contributed to the inhibition of DNA degradation. The maximum inhibition rates of PAEs on DNase I enzymatic activity were up to 83% (DMP), 64% (DEP), 60% (DBP), 77% (DEHP), 88% (BBP), respectively. This work provides interesting insights into how coexistent toxic organic contaminants affect the environmental fate of genetic macromolecules and further reveals their molecular ecological effects.
Transmissibility of coronavirus and its variants from infected subjects in indoor environments
Authors: Anand S , Krishan Jayant , Sreeka B , Mayya Y S 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A central issue in understanding the relative rapidity of transmission of different coronavirus variants pertains to linking the viral load in infected subjects to the lung deposition probability in exposed individuals through detailed aerosol dynamics modelling. In this paper, we specifically focus on indoor scenarios and formulate a double Poisson model to estimate the probability that at least one carrier particle containing at least one virion will be deposited in the lungs and infect a susceptible individual. Unlike the hitherto used single Poisson models, the double Poisson model accounts for fluctuations in the number of carrier particles (droplets or their residues) deposited in the lung in addition to the fluctuations in the number of virions per carrier particle. Using the above formulation, the infection risk is evaluated as a function of viral load using a comprehensive droplet evaporation-settling-dispersion model, weighted droplet emissions for expiratory events, and consideration of protection barriers. The model demonstrates that if the viral load changes from 2x108 RNA copies/mL to 2x1010 RNA copies/mL for a 10-minute exposure period in a typical indoor environment, the risk increases rapidly from 1–50%. As the viral load exceeds 109 RNA copies/mL, the model predicts a smooth shift from log-log linear behaviour to that of a saturating function approaching unity. These estimates explain the greater transmissibility observed in the case of Delta and Omicron variants, which produce a higher viral load than older wild SARS-CoV-2 variants. The implications are further discussed.
CircVPRBP Inhibits Nodal Metastasis of Cervical Cancer by Impeding
RACK1 O-GlcNAcylation and Stability
Authors: Yao Shuzhong , Zhang Chunyu , Jiang Hongye , Yuan Li , Liao Yuandong , Liu Pan , Du Qiqiao , pan Chaoyun , Liu Tianyu , Li Jie , Chen Yili , Huang Jiaming , Liang Yanchun , Xia Meng , Xu Manman , Qin Shuhang , Zou Qiaojian , Liu Yunyun , Huang Hua , Pan Yuwen , Li Jiaying , Liu Junxiu , Wang Wei 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Lymph node (LN) metastasis is one of the most malignant clinical features in patients with cervical cancer (CCa). Understanding the mechanism of lymph node metastasis will provide treatment strategies for patients with CCa. Circular RNAs (circRNA) play a critical role in the development of human cancers. However, the role and mechanism of circRNAs in lymph node metastasis remain largely unknown. Here, it is reported that loss expression of circRNA circVPRBP was closely associated with LN metastasis and poor survival of CCa patients. In vitro and in vivo assays showed that circVPRBP overexpression notably inhibited lymphangiogenesis and LN metastasis, whereas RfxCas13d mediated silencing of circVPRBP promoted lymphangiogenesis and the ability of the cervical cancer cells to metastasize to the LNs. Mechanistically, circVPRBP could bind to RACK1 and shield the S122 O-GlcNAcylation site to promote RACK1 degradation, resulting in inhibition of Galectin-1 mediated lymphangiogenesis and LN metastasis in CCa. Taken together, the results demonstrate that circVPRBP is a potential prognostic biomarker and a novel therapeutic target for LN metastasis in CCa patients.
Response of habitat quality to land use change in urban bulilt-up area of karst mountainous city
Authors: Wei Wen fei , Wang Zhitai , Bao Yu , Chen Xintong , Sun Yuzhen , Zeng Mulin , Mo Yaguo 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
There are a large number of urban remnant mountains (URMs) in the built-up areas of karst mountainous cities, which are the main components of urban habitats and play a variety of irreplaceable ecosystem services functions such as maintaining local biodiversity. Based on InVEST model and Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) model, this study quantitatively analyzed the spatial-temporal evolution characteristics of land use/land cover (LULC), landscape pattern and habitat quality (HQ), and explored the relationship between LULC and HQ in a typical karst mountainous city. Results showed: (1) From 2008 to 2018, LULC change in the study area was intense, with cultivated land and URMs being converted into construction land. Moreover, urban landscape fragmentation was serious and landscape patch spatial heterogeneity was high; (2) The overall level of HQ in the study area was low and the spatial aggregation characteristics were obvious. The high value area was mainly distributed in the area of large urban green space (UGS) and URMs, while the low value area was mainly concentrated in the area of construction land and traffic land;(3) GWR analysis showed that LULC was significantly correlated with HQ change, natural environment determined the overall distribution of HQ, human activities played a leading role in HQ change, and urbanization process had spatial heterogeneity on HQ change; (4) URMs iwas the main contributor of high level HQ, but its encroachment by construction land and the increase of surrounding building density make the quality of URMs habitat degraded obviously. It is urgent to strengthen the management of urban ecological environment and properly deal with the relationship between urban expansion and urban natural environment. This study is helpful to further understand the relationship between LULC and HQ evolution in karst mountainous cities, and is of great significance for urban biodiversity conservation, ecological security protection and high-quality urban development.
Numerical investigation of flow patterns and plug hydrodynamics in a 3D T-junction Microchannel
Authors: SAID Mohammed , BOUDA Noura NAIT , HARMAND Souad 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A three-dimensional (3D) numerical simulation of two-phase flow liquid/liquid is performed in a rectangular microchannel with a T-junction. The volume of fluid (VOF) method was used under ANSYS Fluent to capture the interface between the two phases. The dynamic mesh adaptation technique together with the assumption of symmetry plane helps us to reduce the computational cost.The study focuses on the flow patterns and hydrodynamics of plugs. So, the influence of the flow rate ratio q , the capillary number Ca , and the viscosity ratio λ on the liquid film, the plug/droplet shape, and velocity are examined here. Particularly, the plug/droplet lengths predicted by the simulation show good agreement with experimental and correlation available in the literature. The results revealed six distinct flow patterns by dispersing water in a continuous phase of silicone oil. By decreasing the flow rate ratio as well as the viscosity ratio, the liquid film thickness increases in the corners and side planes. In turn, this greatly impacts the liquid film velocity and the plug velocity. Furthermore, capillary number (based on two-phase flow velocity UTP) is also shown to have a greater impact than viscosity ratio and flow rate ratio on plug shape, with the tail curvature always larger than the front curvature.
Examination of the impact of strength and velocity of the knee and ankle on gait speed in community-dwelling older adults
Authors: Kanayama Atsuki , Minami Mayuka , Yamamoto Saki , Ohmine Toshimitsu , Fujiwara Minami , Murakami Takayuki , Okuno Shuji , Ueba Ryoga , Iwata Akira 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Muscle strength of knee extension and ankle plantarflexion plays a crucial role in determining gait speed. Recent studies have shown that no-load angular velocity of the lower limb joints is essential for determining the gait speed. However, no study has compared the extent to which lower limb functions such as knee extension strength, knee extension velocity, plantarflexion strength, and plantarflexion velocity impact gait speed. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the relative importance of maximum strength and no-load angular velocity on gait speed in older adults. Overall, 164 community-dwelling older adults participated in this study. We measured maximum gait speed and lower limb function (strength and velocity of knee extension and plantarflexion). Multiple linear regression analysis was performed with gait speed as the dependent variable and age, sex, and lower-limb function as independent variables. Plantarflexion velocity (standardized β = 0.25) and plantarflexion strength (standardized β = 0.21) were noted to be significant predictors of gait speed. These findings indicate that no-load plantarflexion velocity is more important than the strength of plantarflexion and knee extension as a determinant of gait speed, suggesting that improvement in plantarflexion velocity may be expected to increase gait speed.
Atomically Dispersed Ir Catalysts on Si Photoanode for Efficient Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Jun Sang Eon , Kim Youn-Hye , Kim Jaehyun , Cheon Woo Seok , Choi Sungkyun , Yang Jin Wook , Park Hoon Kee , Lee Hyungsoo , Park Sun Hwa , Kwon Ki Chang , Moon Jooho , Kim Soo-Hyun , Jang Ho Won 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Stabilizing atomically dispersed single atoms (SAs) on Si photoanodes for photoelectrochemical-oxygen evolution reaction is still challenging due to the scarcity of anchoring sites. Here, we elaborately demonstrate the decoration of Ir SAs on Si photoanodes and assess the role of SAs on the separation and transfer of photogenerated charge carriers. NiO/Ni thin film, an active and highly stable catalyst, is capable of embedding the Ir SAs in its lattices by locally modifying the electronic structure. The isolated Ir SAs enable the effective photogenerated charge transport by suppressing the charge recombination and lower the thermodynamic energy barrier in the potential-determining step. The Ir SAs/NiO/Ni/ZrO2/n-Si photoanode exhibits a benchmarking photoelectrochemical performance with a high photocurrent density of 27.7 mA cm− 2 at 1.23 VRHE and 130 h stability. This study proposes the rational design of SAs on Si photoelectrodes and reveals the potential of the Ir SAs to boost photogenerated charge carrier kinetics.
Extensive pleural metastasis after surgery for pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma misdiagnosed as pyohemothorax: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Zhang Yao , Feng Shiyun 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma (PSC) is a rare group of poorly differentiated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with sarcomatoid differentiation, accounting for about 0.1-0.4% of all NSCLC [1,2]. Compared with other types of NSCLC, PSC is characterized by low incidence, poor differentiation, strong invasiveness and poor prognosis [3]. Early PSC is mainly treated with surgery, insensitive to radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and prone to recurrence and metastasis [4]. We report a 59-year-old male patient with PSC, no smoking history, 6.5cm*4.6cm left lower lobe mass, who underwent thoracoscopic left lower lobe resection and mediastinal lymph node dissection and recovered well. Postoperative patients with 50 days because of high fever, breathing can't lay down to hospital again, combined with the patient's symptoms, signs and auxiliary examination considered due to formation of purulent blood chest infection, postoperative puncture drainage in liquid viscous bloody difficult to elicit, give the left chest probe and pleural biopsy under thoracoscope, confirmed that the transfer of lung sarcomatoid carcinoma pleural widely, instead of pyohemothorax. After operation, the patient was given 12mg/d of anlotinib, but his condition did not improve, and he died due to the deterioration of his condition 12 days later. This is a special case of extensive pleural metastasis after PSC surgery misdiagnosed as pyohemothorax. Through the study of the patient's clinical manifestations, CT and prognosis, we hope to provide certain basis and support for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of PSC.
Clinical characteristics of granulomatosis with polyangiitis with suppurative otitis media as the initial presentation in children
Authors: Guo Lining , Shao Jianbo , Zhang Jie 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the specific clinical characteristics of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) especially those involving ear-nose-throat signs in children, suggest approaches for the treatment and emphasize the significance of clinical multidisciplinary management. Methods: Retrospect the diagnosis and treatment process for a case of GPA with suppurative otitis media as the initial presentation; review the literature of this involvement regions; generalize an appropriate multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment plan for such kind of disease in children. Results: A 13-year-old child of GPA initially presented with suppurative otitis media and was prescribed anti-infection therapy for 2 months. Otologic symptoms were recurrent and other systematic presentations including skin rashes, eyelids swelling and pulmonary nodules gradually appeared. She was referred to nearly four different departments (pneumology, rheumatology, otorhinolaryngology and dermatology) and doctors found the level of PR3-ANCA increase remarkably. Undergoing evaluating comprehensively, the diagnosis of GPA was made finally. Conclusions: GPA, a rare immune disease in children, is easily misdiagnosed and missed diagnosed for a long time resulting in delaying treatment. The general presentations and multi-systematic clinical characteristics of GPA are various. It is significant for the specific diagnosis of GPA that paying attention to multidisciplinary discussions and long-term follow up.
Global warming at near-constant relative humidity further supported by recent in situ observations
Authors: Douville Herve , Qasmi Saïd , Ribes Aurélien , Bock Olivier 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Although global warming is expected to occur at approximately constant relative humidity, the latest IPCC report remains elusive about the magnitude of observed changes in global mean total precipitable water (GTPW) and their attribution. Here we use a novel quality-controlled dataset of in situ observations, global reanalyses, and a long record of global mean surface temperature (GMST) to constrain both recent and future changes in GTPW. Most state-of-the-art global climate models tend to exaggerate the projected atmospheric moistening, in line with their overestimation of global warming and of the GTPW sensitivity to both anthropogenic green-house gases and aerosols across the 20th century. A 39% narrowing in the range of GTPW projections is obtained after applying the observational constraints, with a best-guess estimate of 7% per °C of global warming. This finding provides further evidence of a substantial intensification of the global water cycle as long as GMST is not stabilized.