bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medication-Facilitated Advanced Airway Management with First-Line Use of a Supraglottic Device – A One-Year Quality Assurance Review
Authors: Johnston Bethany J. , Leung Alison K. , Hwang Charles W. , Jones Jason M. , Chowdhury Muhammad Abdul Baker , Buck Alicia , Fitzpatrick Desmond E. , Meurer David A. , Becker Torben K. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroduction:Airway management is a controversial topic in modern Emergency Medical Services (EMS) systems. Among many concerns regarding endotracheal intubation (ETI), unrecognized esophageal intubation and observations of unfavorable neurologic outcomes in some studies raise the question of whether alternative airway techniques should be first-line in EMS airway management protocols. Supraglottic airway devices (SADs) are simpler to use, provide reliable oxygenation and ventilation, and may thus be an alternative first-line airway device for paramedics. In 2019, Alachua County Fire Rescue (ACFR; Alachua, Florida USA) introduced a novel protocol for advanced airway management emphasizing first-line use of a second-generation SAD (i-gel) for patients requiring medication-facilitated airway management (referred to as “rapid sequence airway” [RSA] protocol).Study Objective:This was a one-year quality assurance review of care provided under the RSA protocol looking at compliance and first-pass success rate of first-line SAD use.Methods:Records were obtained from the agency’s electronic medical record (EMR), searching for the use of the RSA protocol, advanced airway devices, or either ketamine or rocuronium. If available, hospital follow-up data regarding patient condition and emergency department (ED) airway exchange were obtained.Results:During the first year, 33 advanced airway attempts were made under the protocol by 23 paramedics. Overall, compliance with the airway device sequence as specified in the protocol was 72.7%. When ETI was non-compliantly used as first-line airway device, the first-pass success rate was 44.4% compared to 87.5% with adherence to first-line SAD use. All prehospital SADs were exchanged in the ED in a delayed fashion and almost exclusively per physician preference alone. In no case was the SAD exchanged for suspected dislodgement evidenced by lack of capnography.Conclusion:First-line use of a SAD was associated with a high first-pass attempt success rate in a real-life cohort of prehospital advanced airway encounters. No SAD required emergent exchange upon hospital arrival.
Estimating prevalence of child and youth mental disorder and mental health-related service contacts: a comparison of survey data and linked administrative health data
Authors: Duncan L. , Georgiades K. , Wang L. , Edwards J. , Comeau J. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Aims
Prevalence estimates of child and youth mental disorder and mental health-related service contacts are needed for policy formulation, research, advocacy and resource allocation. Our aim is to compare prevalence estimates of child and youth mental disorder and mental health-related service contacts derived from general population survey data v. linked administrative health data.

Methods
Provincially representative 2014 Ontario Child Health Study data were linked to administrative health records for 5563 children and youth aged 4–17 in Ontario. Emotional disorders (mood and anxiety) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder were assessed using a standardised diagnostic interview in the survey and using diagnostic codes in administrative health data. Physician-based mental health-related service contacts were assessed using parent self-reports from the survey and administrative data related to mental health-related diagnostic codes. Prevalence estimates were calculated and compared based on one-sample z-tests and ratios of survey data to administrative data-based prevalence. Sensitivity, specificity and agreement between classifications were compared using κ. Prevalence estimates were calculated by age, sex and geography sub-groups and consistent group differences across data source were counted.

Results
Disorder prevalence and service contact estimates were significantly higher in survey data in all cases, except for mood disorder. Ratios of survey data to administrative data-based prevalence varied, ranging from 0.80 (mood) to 11.01 (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder). Specificity was high (0.98–1.00), sensitivity was low (0.07–0.41) and agreement ranged from slight (κ = 0.13) to moderate (κ = 0.46). Out of 18 sub-group difference comparisons, half were non-significant in either data source. In the remaining nine comparisons, the only significant differences between groups that were consistent across data source were for sex-based differences (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and service contacts). There were no consistent age- or geography-based differences in prevalence across data sources.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that conclusions drawn about prevalence, service contacts and sub-group differences in these estimates are dependent on data source. Further research is needed to understand who and what is being captured by each source. Researchers should conduct data linkage where possible to access and compare multiple sources of information.
Divergence-degenerate spatial multiplexing towards future ultrahigh capacity, low error-rate optical communications
Authors: Wan Zhensong , Shen Yijie , Wang Zhaoyang , Shi Zijian , Liu Qiang , Fu Xing 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSpatial mode (de)multiplexing of orbital angular momentum (OAM) beams is a promising solution to address future bandwidth issues, but the rapidly increasing divergence with the mode order severely limits the practically addressable number of OAM modes. Here we present a set of multi-vortex geometric beams (MVGBs) as high-dimensional information carriers for free-space optical communication, by virtue of three independent degrees of freedom (DoFs) including central OAM, sub-beam OAM, and coherent-state phase. The novel modal basis set has high divergence degeneracy, and highly consistent propagation behaviors among all spatial modes, capable of increasing the addressable spatial channels by two orders of magnitude than OAM basis as predicted. We experimentally realize the tri-DoF MVGB mode (de)multiplexing and data transmission by the conjugated modulation method, demonstrating lower error rates caused by center offset and coherent background noise, compared with OAM basis. Our work provides a potentially useful basis for the next generation of large-scale dense data communication.
TGF-β1/SH2B3 axis regulates anoikis resistance and EMT of lung cancer cells by modulating JAK2/STAT3 and SHP2/Grb2 signaling pathways
Authors: Wang Li-Na , Zhang Zi-Teng , Wang Li , Wei Hai-Xiang , Zhang Tao , Zhang Li-Ming , Lin Hang , Zhang Heng , Wang Shao-Qiang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe pathogenesis of lung cancer, the most common cancer, is complex and unclear, leading to limited treatment options and poor prognosis. To provide molecular insights into lung cancer development, we investigated the function and underlying mechanism of SH2B3 in the regulation of lung cancer. We indicated SH2B3 was diminished while TGF-β1 was elevated in lung cancer tissues and cells. Low SH2B3 level was correlated with poor prognosis of lung cancer patients. SH2B3 overexpression suppressed cancer cell anoikis resistance, proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT, while TGF-β1 promoted those processes via reducing SH2B3. SH2B3 bound to JAK2 and SHP2 to repress JAK2/STAT3 and SHP2/Grb2/PI3K/AKT signaling pathways, respectively, resulting in reduced cancer cell anoikis resistance, proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT. Overexpression of SH2B3 suppressed lung cancer growth and metastasis in vivo. In conclusion, SH2B3 restrained the development of anoikis resistance and EMT of lung cancer cells via suppressing JAK2/STAT3 and SHP2/Grb2/PI3K/AKT signaling cascades, leading to decreased cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion.
circ-Pank1 promotes dopaminergic neuron neurodegeneration through modulating miR-7a-5p/α-syn pathway in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Liu Qing , Li Qiyao , Zhang Runjiao , Wang Hongfang , Li Yibo , Liu Ziyu , Xie Wenmeng , Geng Dandan , Wang Lei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCircular RNA (circRNA) is a type of non-coding RNA that is widely expressed in mammals. It is highly conserved and abundantly expressed in the brain. Here, we report the regulatory role of circRNA derived from the pantothenate kinase 1 (Pank1) gene (circ-Pank1) in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Circ-Pank1 is highly expressed in the substantia nigra (SN) of PD model mice treated with rotenone and in the MN9D cell model of dopaminergic neurons. The circ-Pank1 knockdown ameliorated dopaminergic neuron damage and locomotor dysfunction after the treatment with rotenone. We found that circ-Pank1 could adsorb miR-7a-5p and upregulate the expression of α-synuclein (α-syn), which is a molecular hallmark closely related to PD. The inhibition of miR-7a-5p reversed the circ-Pank1 knockdown-induced amelioration of dopaminergic neuron injury. In conclusion, circ-Pank1 is overexpressed in PD and enhances the locomotor dysfunction via the miR-7a-5p/α-syn signaling axis. We revealed the functional role of circRNAs in the progression of PD and provided a potential target for noncoding RNAs in delaying the progression of PD.
METTL3-mediated macrophage exosomal NEAT1 contributes to hepatic fibrosis progression through Sp1/TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway
Authors: Shu Bo , Zhang Rui-Zhi , Zhou Ying-Xia , He Chao , Yang Xin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHepatic fibrosis (HF) is caused by chronic hepatic injury and is characterized by hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) activation. Studies focusing on the function of exosomes derived from macrophages in HF progression are limited. This study aims to identify the roles of exosomal NEAT1 derived from macrophages on HF and the underlying mechanisms. Our studies showed that METTL3 targeted and enhanced NEAT1 expression in macrophages. Exosomal NEAT1 originating from LPS-treated macrophages promoted HSCs proliferation and migration, and induced the expression of fibrotic proteins including collagen I, α-SMA, and fibronectin. Macrophage exosomal NEAT1 contributed to HSCs activation by sponging miR-342. MiR-342 directly targeted Sp1 and suppressed its downstream TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway, which eventually led to the inhibition of HSCs activation. Depletion of NEAT1 in the macrophage exosomes inhibited HF progression both in vitro and in vivo. Altogether, our study proved that silence of NEAT1 in the macrophage exosomes exerted protective roles against HF through the miR-342/Sp1/TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway, suggesting a potential therapeutic target in HF treatment.
International collaboration for the development of clinical guidelines in low and middle-income countries: case study on the development of a national framework and clinical guidelines for diabetic retinopathy in Ghana
Authors: Mwangi Nyawira , Amissah-Arthur Kwesi Nyan , Braimah Imoro Zeba , Sarfo-Kantanka Osei , Akpalu Josephine , Akrofi Bridgid , Boadi-Kusi Samuel Bert , Atiase Yacoba , Yorke Ernest , Gichangi Michael , Faal Hannah , Addy James 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Diabetic retinopathy is a leading cause of blindness in many countries across the world. Ghana has seen a rise in diabetic retinopathy and is working on various strategies to prevent blindness. Clinical guidelines are seen as a promising strategy for improving quality and reducing cost of care. Little is known about the processes of collaborative guideline development in the African context.

Methods
This case study discusses the process of developing clinical guidelines for diabetic retinopathy in Ghana via a collaboration with the Kenya team that had previously developed guidelines for Kenya.

Results
The main lesson learnt was the ability to overcome challenges. The main output achieved was the draft national framework, guidelines and training slides on the guidelines.

Conclusion
Horizontal international collaboration can aid development of clinical guidelines.
RNA supply drives physiological granule assembly in neurons
Authors: Bauer Karl E. , Bargenda Niklas , Schieweck Rico , Illig Christin , Segura Inmaculada , Harner Max , Kiebler Michael A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMembraneless cytoplasmic condensates of mRNAs and proteins, known as RNA granules, play pivotal roles in the regulation of mRNA fate. Their maintenance fine-tunes time and location of protein expression, affecting many cellular processes, which require complex protein distribution. Here, we report that RNA granules—monitored by DEAD-Box helicase 6 (DDX6)—disassemble during neuronal maturation both in cell culture and in vivo. This process requires neuronal function, as synaptic inhibition results in reversible granule assembly. Importantly, granule assembly is dependent on the RNA-binding protein Staufen2, known for its role in RNA localization. Altering the levels of free cytoplasmic mRNA reveals that RNA availability facilitates DDX6 granule formation. Specifically depleting RNA from DDX6 granules confirms RNA as an important driver of granule formation. Moreover, RNA is required for DDX6 granule assembly upon synaptic inhibition. Together, this data demonstrates how RNA supply favors RNA granule assembly, which not only impacts subcellular RNA localization but also translation-dependent synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory.
Shape and structural relaxation of colloidal tactoids
Authors: Almohammadi Hamed , Khadem Sayyed Ahmad , Bagnani Massimo , Rey Alejandro D. , Mezzenga Raffaele 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFacile geometric-structural response of liquid crystalline colloids to external fields enables many technological advances. However, the relaxation mechanisms for liquid crystalline colloids under mobile boundaries remain still unexplored. Here, by combining experiments, numerical simulations and theory, we describe the shape and structural relaxation of colloidal liquid crystalline micro-droplets, called tactoids, where amyloid fibrils and cellulose nanocrystals are used as model systems. We show that tactoids shape relaxation bears a universal single exponential decay signature and derive an analytic expression to predict this out of equilibrium process, which is governed by liquid crystalline anisotropic and isotropic contributions. The tactoids structural relaxation shows fundamentally different paths, with first- and second-order exponential decays, depending on the existence of splay/bend/twist orientation structures in the ground state. Our findings offer a comprehensive understanding on dynamic confinement effects in liquid crystalline colloidal systems and may set unexplored directions in the development of novel responsive materials.
Frequency modulation of a bacterial quorum sensing response
Authors: Bettenworth Vera , van Vliet Simon , Turkowyd Bartosz , Bamberger Annika , Wendt Heiko , McIntosh Matthew , Steinchen Wieland , Endesfelder Ulrike , Becker Anke 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn quorum sensing, bacteria secrete or release small molecules into the environment that, once they reach a certain threshold, trigger a behavioural change in the population. As the concentration of these so-called autoinducers is supposed to reflect population density, they were originally assumed to be continuously produced by all cells in a population. However, here we show that in the α-proteobacterium Sinorhizobium meliloti expression of the autoinducer synthase gene is realized in asynchronous stochastic pulses that result from scarcity and, presumably, low binding affinity of the key activator. Physiological cues modulate pulse frequency, and pulse frequency in turn modulates the velocity with which autoinducer levels in the environment reach the threshold to trigger the quorum sensing response. We therefore propose that frequency-modulated pulsing in S. meliloti represents the molecular mechanism for a collective decision-making process in which each cell’s physiological state and need for behavioural adaptation is encoded in the pulse frequency with which it expresses the autoinducer synthase gene; the pulse frequencies of all members of the population are then integrated in the common pool of autoinducers, and only once this vote crosses the threshold, the response behaviour is initiated.
BMP4 drives primed to naïve transition through PGC-like state
Authors: Yu Shengyong , Zhou Chunhua , He Jiangping , Yao Zhaokai , Huang Xingnan , Rong Bowen , Zhu Hong , Wang Shijie , Chen Shuyan , Wang Xialian , Cai Baomei , Zhao Guoqing , Chen Yuhan , Xiao Lizhan , Liu He , Qin Yue , Guo Jing , Wu Haokaifeng , Zhang Zhen , Zhang Man , Zhao Xiaoyang , Lan Fei , Wang Yixuan , Chen Jiekai , Cao Shangtao , Pei Duanqing , Liu Jing 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMultiple pluripotent states have been described in mouse and human stem cells. Here, we apply single-cell RNA-seq to a newly established BMP4 induced mouse primed to naïve transition (BiPNT) system and show that the reset is not a direct reversal of cell fate but goes through a primordial germ cell-like cells (PGCLCs) state. We first show that epiblast stem cells bifurcate into c-Kit+ naïve and c-Kit− trophoblast-like cells, among which, the naïve branch undergoes further transition through a PGCLCs intermediate capable of spermatogenesis in vivo. Mechanistically, we show that DOT1L inhibition permits the transition from primed pluripotency to PGCLCs in part by facilitating the loss of H3K79me2 from Gata3/6. In addition, Prdm1/Blimp1 is required for PGCLCs and naïve cells, while Gata2 inhibits PGC-like state by promoting trophoblast-like fate. Our work not only reveals an alternative route for primed to naïve transition, but also gains insight into germ cell development.
Intermolecular 2+2 imine-olefin photocycloadditions enabled by Cu(I)-alkene MLCT
Authors: Flores Daniel M. , Neville Michael L. , Schmidt Valerie A. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract2 + 2 Photocycloadditions are idealized, convergent construction approaches of 4-membered heterocyclic rings, including azetidines. However, methods of direct excitation are limited by the unfavorable photophysical properties of imines and electronically unbiased alkenes. Here, we report copper-catalyzed photocycloadditions of non-conjugated imines and alkenes to produce a variety of substituted azetidines. Design principles allow this base metal-catalyzed method to achieve 2 + 2 imine-olefin photocycloaddition via selective alkene activation through a coordination-MLCT pathway supported by combined experimental and computational mechanistic studies.
Defect-gradient-induced Rashba effect in van der Waals PtSe2 layers
Authors: Jo Junhyeon , Kim Jung Hwa , Kim Choong H. , Lee Jaebyeong , Choe Daeseong , Oh Inseon , Lee Seunghyun , Lee Zonghoon , Jin Hosub , Yoo Jung-Woo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDefect engineering is one of the key technologies in materials science, enriching the modern semiconductor industry and providing good test-beds for solid-state physics. While homogenous doping prevails in conventional defect engineering, various artificial defect distributions have been predicted to induce desired physical properties in host materials, especially associated with symmetry breakings. Here, we show layer-by-layer defect-gradients in two-dimensional PtSe2 films developed by selective plasma treatments, which break spatial inversion symmetry and give rise to the Rashba effect. Scanning transmission electron microscopy analyses reveal that Se vacancies extend down to 7 nm from the surface and Se/Pt ratio exhibits linear variation along the layers. The Rashba effect induced by broken inversion symmetry is demonstrated through the observations of nonreciprocal transport behaviors and first-principles density functional theory calculations. Our methodology paves the way for functional defect engineering that entangles spin and momentum of itinerant electrons for emerging electronic applications.
A new class of bilayer kagome lattice compounds with Dirac nodal lines and pressure-induced superconductivity
Authors: Shi Mengzhu , Yu Fanghang , Yang Ye , Meng Fanbao , Lei Bin , Luo Yang , Sun Zhe , He Junfeng , Wang Rui , Jiang Zhicheng , Liu Zhengtai , Shen Dawei , Wu Tao , Wang Zhenyu , Xiang Ziji , Ying Jianjun , Chen Xianhui 
Published: May 2022

AbstractKagome lattice composed of transition-metal ions provides a great opportunity to explore the intertwining between geometry, electronic orders and band topology. The discovery of multiple competing orders that connect intimately with the underlying topological band structure in nonmagnetic kagome metals AV3Sb5 (A = K, Rb, Cs) further pushes this topic to the quantum frontier. Here we report a new class of vanadium-based compounds with kagome bilayers, namely AV6Sb6 (A = K, Rb, Cs) and V6Sb4, which, together with AV3Sb5, compose a series of kagome compounds with a generic chemical formula (Am-1Sb2m)(V3Sb)n (m = 1, 2; n = 1, 2). Theoretical calculations combined with angle-resolved photoemission measurements reveal that these compounds feature Dirac nodal lines in close vicinity to the Fermi level. Pressure-induced superconductivity in AV6Sb6 further suggests promising emergent phenomena in these materials. The establishment of a new family of layered kagome materials paves the way for designer of fascinating kagome systems with diverse topological nontrivialities and collective ground states.
A deep learning model and human-machine fusion for prediction of EBV-associated gastric cancer from histopathology
Authors: Zheng Xueyi , Wang Ruixuan , Zhang Xinke , Sun Yan , Zhang Haohuan , Zhao Zihan , Zheng Yuanhang , Luo Jing , Zhang Jiangyu , Wu Hongmei , Huang Dan , Zhu Wenbiao , Chen Jianning , Cao Qinghua , Zeng Hong , Luo Rongzhen , Li Peng , Lan Lilong , Yun Jingping , Xie Dan , Zheng Wei-Shi , Luo Junhang , Cai Muyan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEpstein–Barr virus-associated gastric cancer (EBVaGC) shows a robust response to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Therefore, a cost-efficient and accessible tool is needed for discriminating EBV status in patients with gastric cancer. Here we introduce a deep convolutional neural network called EBVNet and its fusion with pathologists for predicting EBVaGC from histopathology. The EBVNet yields an averaged area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC) of 0.969 from the internal cross validation, an AUROC of 0.941 on an external dataset from multiple institutes and an AUROC of 0.895 on The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset. The human-machine fusion significantly improves the diagnostic performance of both the EBVNet and the pathologist. This finding suggests that our EBVNet could provide an innovative approach for the identification of EBVaGC and may help effectively select patients with gastric cancer for immunotherapy.
Inhibition mechanism of the chloride channel TMEM16A by the pore blocker 1PBC
Authors: Lam Andy K. M. , Rutz Sonja , Dutzler Raimund 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTMEM16A, a calcium-activated chloride channel involved in multiple cellular processes, is a proposed target for diseases such as hypertension, asthma, and cystic fibrosis. Despite these therapeutic promises, its pharmacology remains poorly understood. Here, we present a cryo-EM structure of TMEM16A in complex with the channel blocker 1PBC and a detailed functional analysis of its inhibition mechanism. A pocket located external to the neck region of the hourglass-shaped pore is responsible for open-channel block by 1PBC and presumably also by its structural analogs. The binding of the blocker stabilizes an open-like conformation of the channel that involves a rearrangement of several pore helices. The expansion of the outer pore enhances blocker sensitivity and enables 1PBC to bind at a site within the transmembrane electric field. Our results define the mechanism of inhibition and gating and will facilitate the design of new, potent TMEM16A modulators.