bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Public Health Workforce Development During and Beyond the COVID-19 Pandemic: Findings From a Qualitative Training Needs Assessment
Authors: Zemmel Danielle J. , Kulik Phoebe K. G. , Leider Jonathon P. , Power Laura E. 
Published: July 2022

Context:
The Region V Public Health Training Center (RVPHTC) serves the public health workforce in Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, and Wisconsin. An important tool in priority-setting workforce development is the training needs assessment (TNA), which is vital to identifying and addressing the capacity-building needs of the public health workforce.

Program:
In 2021, we conducted semistructured qualitative interviews with key partners in the local, state, and tribal health workforce.

Implementation:
Findings reflect the results of 23 interviews administered from March to May 2021. Questions solicited in-depth input related to key training gaps identified in our 2020 quantitative TNA; the impact of COVID-19 on the public health workforce; general needs, including preferred training modalities; needs by audience type; and the current capacity for public health agencies to support student development.

Evaluation:
Key training needs of the public health workforce identified by the 2021 TNA include the strategic skills domains of (1) resource management; (2) change management; (3) justice, equity, diversity, and inclusion; and (4) effective communication. The first 3 domains were also noted as having the greatest training need in our 2020 quantitative TNA of local health department leadership.

Discussion:
The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the need for training in effective communication in new ways and the continued need for training support in the skill domains prioritized in the 2020 assessment. Findings demonstrate the need for capacity building around crosscutting skills and the intersection of strategic skill domains if the field is to be prepared for future threats to public health.
Correlations between community-level HIV preexposure prophylaxis coverage and individual-level sexual behaviors among United States MSM
Authors: Mann Laura M. , Le Guillou Adrien , Goodreau Steven M. , Marcus Julia L. , Sanchez Travis , Weiss Kevin M. , Jenness Samuel M. 
Published: July 2022

Objective:
To evaluate if community-level HIV PrEP coverage is correlated with individual sexual behaviors.

Design:
We used demographic, behavioral, and sexual network data from ARTnet, a 2017–2019 study of United States MSM.

Methods:
Multivariable regression models with a Bayesian modeling framework were used to estimate associations between area-level PrEP coverage and seven sexual behavior outcomes [number of total, main, and casual male partners (network degree); count of one-time partnerships; consistent condom use in one-time partnerships; and frequency of casual partnership anal sex (total and condomless)], controlling for individual PrEP use.

Results:
PrEP coverage ranged from 10.3% (Philadelphia) to 38.9% (San Francisco). Total degree was highest in Miami (1.35) and lowest in Denver (0.78), while the count of one-time partners was highest in San Francisco (11.7/year) and lowest in Detroit (1.5/year). Adjusting for individual PrEP use and demographics, community PrEP coverage correlated with total degree [adjusted incidence rate ratio (aIRR) = 1.73; 95% credible interval (CrI), 0.92–3.44], casual degree (aIRR = 2.05; 95% CrI, 0.90–5.07), and count of one-time partnerships (aIRR = 1.90; 95% CrI, 0.46–8.54). Without adjustment for individual PrEP use, these associations strengthened. There were weaker or no associations with consistent condom use in one-time partnerships (aIRR = 1.68; 95% CrI, 0.86–3.35), main degree (aIRR = 1.21; 95% CrI, 0.48–3.20), and frequency of casual partnership condomless anal sex (aIRR = 0.23; 95% CrI, 0.01–3.60).

Conclusion:
Most correlations between community PrEP coverage and sexual behavior were explained by individual PrEP use. However, some residual associations remained after controlling for individual PrEP use, suggesting that PrEP coverage may partially drive community-level differences in sexual behaviors.
Bone Metastasis of Glomus Caroticum Demonstrated on 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT
Authors: Kesim Selin , Sen Feyza , Filizoglu Nuh , Ozguven Salih , Erdil Tanju Yusuf 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
A 71-year-old man who was diagnosed with carotid body paraganglioma was referred to 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT for primary evaluation, which revealed unknown bony metastasis with intense 68Ga-DOTATATE uptake. Head and neck paragangliomas are rare neuroendocrine tumors, with a 10% of malignancy rate, and identification of metastatic sites is important in staging and prognosis of the disease. We aimed to highlight the impact of 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT on patient management, especially for equivocal lesions, as in our case.
Nephroptosis Incidentally Found on 99mTc-DTPA Renal Dynamic Scan
Authors: Wang Keshan , Fan Meiyin , Shao Fuqiang , Hu Fan , Xia Xiaotian 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Nephroptosis is a significant descent (more than 5 cm or 2 vertebral bodies) of the kidney from supine to the upright position. The incidence of nephroptosis is probably more prevalent than reported, as few patients present with typical symptoms. A 55-year-old woman with intermittent abdominal pain was referred for a 99mTc-DTPA renal dynamic scan. She had a ureteric calculi history. The result showed that the right kidney was significantly lower than the position in the CT scan a week ago. It had been diagnosed as nephroptosis according to these “moving” images. She was considering elective surgery for intervention.
The Onset of Sarcoidosis After COVID-19 Vaccination Revealed by the 18F-FDG PET
Authors: Song Xiangming , Shao Fuqiang , Lan Xiaoli 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a heterogeneous multisystem disease characterized by noncaseating granulomas. We presented 18F-FDG PET/CT findings of sarcoidosis in a previously healthy 43-year-old man who presented intermittent cough after the third dose of COVID-19 vaccination. 18F-FDG PET/CT showed high uptake of one solitary nodule in the right middle lobe, mediastinal lymph nodes, bilateral hila, and multiple nodules under the right pleura, mimicking the malignancy. Nevertheless, the biopsy confirmed distinct noncaseating granulomas. This case emphasizes the onset of sarcoidosis revealed by 18F-FDG PET/CT after COVID-19 vaccination.
Collaborative Control Method and Experimental Research on Robot-Assisted Craniomaxillofacial Osteotomy Based on the Force Feedback and Optical Navigation
Authors: Wu Jinyang , Hui Wenyu , Niu Jindong , Chen Shihang , Lin Yanping , Luan Nan , Shen Steve Guofang , Zhang Shilei 
Published: July 2022

Objective:
Surgical robot has advantages in high accuracy and stability. But during the robot-assisted bone surgery, the lack of force information from surgical area and incapability of intervention from surgeons become the obstacle. The aim of the study is to introduce a collaborative control method based on the force feedback and optical navigation, which may optimally combine the excellent performance of surgical robot with clinical experiences of surgeons.

Materials and Methods:
The CMF ROBOT system was integrated with the force feedback system to ensure the collaborative control. Force-velocity control algorithm based on force feedback was designed for this control method. In the preliminary experimental test, under the collaborative control mode based on force feedback and optical navigation, the craniomaxillofacial surgical robot entered the osteotomy line area according to the preoperative surgical plan, namely, right maxillary Le Fort I osteotomy, left maxillary Le Fort I osteotomy, and genioplasty.

Results:
The force sensor was able to collect and record the resistance data of the cutting process of the robot-assisted craniomaxillofacial osteotomy assisted in real time. The statistical results showed that the repeatability of collaborative control mode was acceptable in bilateral maxillary Le Fort I osteotomies (right, P=0.124>0.05 and left, P=0.183>0.05) and unfavorable in genioplasty (P=0.048<0.05).

Conclusion:
The feasibility of robot-assisted craniomaxillofacial osteotomy under the collaborative control method based on the force feedback and optical navigation was proved in some extent. The outcome of this research may improve the flexibility and safety of surgical robot to meet the demand of craniomaxillofacial osteotomy.
Trends in Pediatric Head and Facial Trauma During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Dagi Alexander F. , Parry Gareth J. , Labow Brian I. , Taghinia Amir H. 
Published: July 2022

Introduction:
The effect of physical-distancing policies and school closures on pediatric health has been a topic of major concern in the United States during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The objective of this study was to assess the immediate impact of these public policies on patterns of head and facial trauma in the pediatric population.

Materials and Method:
The Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) was queried to identify patient encounters at 46 children’s hospitals across the United States in 2016–2020. Encounters were included if resultant in ICD-10 diagnosis for head or facial trauma in a child under 18 between April 1 and June 30 in 2020 (first COVID-19 school closures) and during the same period in the previous 4 years (for comparison).

Results:
A total of 170,832 patient encounters for pediatric head and facial trauma were recorded during the study period, including 28,030 (16.4%) in 2020 and 142,802 (83.6%) in 2016–2019. Patient encounters declined significantly in 2020 among children of all age groups relative to previous years. Relative reductions were greatest in children aged 11 to 17 (middle/high school) and 6 to 10 (elementary school), at −34.6% (95% confidence interval: −23.6%, −44%; P<0.001) and −27.7% (95% confidence interval: −18.4%, −36%; P<0.001). Variation in relative reductions by race/ethnicity, sex, and rural/urban status were not statistically significant.

Conclusions:
Physical-distancing policies and school closures at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic correlated with significant reductions in pediatric head and facial trauma patient encounters. As in-person activities resume, reductions in head and facial trauma during the pandemic may indicate a range of possible preventable injuries in the future.
Three-Dimensional Measurement of the Temporomandibular Joint in Pruzansky-Kaban Type IIa Hemifacial Microsomia
Authors: Shu Kai-Yi , Liu Wei , Zhao Jiu-Li , Zhang Zhi-Yong , Xu Xi , Shan Ba-Ga , Tang Xiao-Jun 
Published: July 2022

Objective:
This observational retrospective cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the morphological characteristics of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in type IIa hemifacial microsomia (HFM).

Methods:
We recruited 88 patients with unilateral type IIa HFM. Data relating to the length, distance, and angle of the TMJ, were measured on 3-dimensional models created by the analysis of computed tomography data. Normality analysis was performed by using the Shapiro-Wilk test. Data were compared with the paired t test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test.

Results:
The height, long axis, and short axis of the affected condyle were significantly shorter than the unaffected side (P<0.001); the ratios were 0.41±0.15, 0.75±0.20, and 0.95±0.24, respectively. The spaces between the condyle and the glenoid fossa were significantly larger in affected TMJs (P<0.001). The ratio between the ipsilateral and contralateral anterior space in the sagittal plane was 4.62±2.59; this was significantly different than the ratio of inner space (1.50±1.70), superior space (1.70±0.97), and lateral space (1.28±0.62) in the coronal plane (P<0.001) and the ratio of superior space (1.43±1.05) and posterior space (1.47±0.98) in the sagittal plane (P<0.001); there were no statistical differences between the 5 spaces (P>0.05). The breadth and depth of the glenoid fossa were significantly shorter in affected TMJs (P<0.001), the ratio of the breadth in the affected and unaffected glenoid fossa was between 0.5 and 1 and the depth of the affected glenoid fossa was almost half of that on the unaffected side. The ratio between the ipsilateral and contralateral height of the condyle was significantly different when compared with the length of the mandibular ramus (P<0.001). The ratio between the ipsilateral height of the condyle and the length of the mandibular ramus was significantly different when compared with that of the contralateral side (P<0.001). The height of the affected condyle were significantly different (P=0.005) among different ages.

Conclusions:
We found that hypoplasia was more severe in terms of the height of the condyle than the long axis and short axis of the condyle. The degree of condyle deformity was more severe than the mandible. And the affected condyle still had growth potential in the vertical direction with age.
Prenatal Ultrasound Parameters of Twins With Sagittal Suture Craniosynostosis Question Mechanical Constraint as the Leading Cause
Authors: Cinca Kevin P. , de Planque Catherine A. , Peters Nina C.J. , Versnel Sarah L. , Mathijssen Irene M.J. 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Multiple pregnancy is a known predisposing factor for sagittal suture synostosis, and intrauterine constraint has been suggested as a potential cause. This study evaluates prenatal images of single and multiple pregnancies of children with sagittal suture synostosis to assess the possible pathogenesis.

Materials and Methods:
Prenatal ultrasound data of scaphocephaly twins treated at Erasmus MC was retrieved retrospectively. The head circumference, cephalic index (CI), and biparietal diameter (BPD) were analyzed. Data were compared with the nonaffected sibling, singletons with scaphocephaly, and to general fetal growth reference values.

Results:
Data of 8 twin pregnancies with 10 cases of scaphocephaly was gathered. For the head circumference no difference was found between affected fetuses and reference values throughout pregnancy. For the BPD a reduced growth was found, compared with control values. The growth curve for the CI of the affected twins is lower from the start and declines over time. When comparing affected fetuses to nonaffected fetuses, the same differences for the BPD and CI were found as compared with controls. No differences in growth parameters were found between the nonaffected siblings and reference values, nor between the affected scaphocephaly twins and singletons with scaphocephaly.

Conclusions:
Scaphocephaly in twin pregnancy develops early on in pregnancy, similar to singleton pregnancy, making the theory of constraint as a cause less likely. The development of scaphocephaly in twins is likely to be attributed to the same disturbed developmental processes in suture development as in singletons, and not to mechanical constraint.
Alternative Randomized Trial Designs in Surgery
Authors: Augustinus Simone , van Goor Iris W.J.M. , Berkhof Johannes , Daamen Lois A. , Groot Koerkamp Bas , Mackay Tara M. , Molenaar I.Q , van Santvoort Hjalmar C. , Verkooijen Helena M. , van de Ven Peter M. , Besselink Marc G. 
Published: July 2022

Introduction:
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) yield the highest level of evidence but are notoriously difficult to perform in surgery. Surgical RCTs may be hampered by slow accrual, the surgical learning curve, and lack of financial support. Alternative RCT designs such as stepped-wedge randomized controlled trials (SW-RCTs), registry-based randomized controlled trials (RB-RCTs), and trials-within-cohorts (TwiCs) may overcome several of these difficulties. This review provides an overview of alternative RCT designs used in surgical research.

Methods:
We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central for surgical SW-RCTs, RB-RCTs, and TwiCs. A surgical RCT was defined as a randomized trial that studied interventions in patients undergoing general surgery, regardless of the affiliation of the corresponding author. Exponential regression analysis was performed to assess time trends.

Results:
Overall, 41 surgical RCTs using alternative designs were identified, including 17 published final RCT reports and 24 published protocols of ongoing RCTs. These included 25 SW-RCTs (61%), 13 RB-RCTs (32%), and 3 TwiCs (7%). Most of these RCTs were performed in Europe (63%) and within gastrointestinal/oncological surgery (41%). The total number of RCTs using alternative designs exponentially increased over the last 7 years (P<0.01), with 95% (n=39/41) of the total number published within this time frame. The most reported reasons for using alternative RCT designs were avoidance of contamination for SW-RCTs and generalizability of the trial population for RB-RCTs and TwiCs.

Conclusions:
Alternative RCT designs are increasingly used in surgical research, mostly in Europe and within gastrointestinal/oncological surgery. When adequately used, these alternative designs may overcome several difficulties associated with surgical RCTs.
Examining the Role of Aging Perceptions in Subjective Cognitive Decline
Authors: Chapman Silvia , Weiss David , Broulíková Hana M. , Sunderaraman Preeti , Barker Megan S. , Joyce Jillian L. , Azar Martina , McKeague Ian , Kriesl William C. , Cosentino Stephanie 
Published: July 2022

Objective:
While subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is gaining ground as a “preclinical” risk state for Alzheimer disease, its utility depends on our understanding of the factors linked to SCD. Rarely examined sociocultural factors including perceptions of aging may relate to the subjective experience of cognitive aging. Identifying such associations will help to refine the utility of SCD as an early marker of AD while setting the stage for addressing modifiable factors contributing to SCD.

Methods:
The study consisted of N=136 participants (68% female; 73% White; 22% Black race, agemean=74.72; educationmean=16.01). Questionnaires assessed SCD, depressive symptoms, and age perceptions (essentialist aging beliefs, subjective age, age group identification, and explicit/implicit age stereotypes). Cognitive functioning was measured with a semantic interference and learning task.

Results:
SCD was correlated with essentialist aging beliefs, age identification, and depressive symptoms [r

range
=0.18 to 0.22, P
range=0.009 to 0.02, confidence interval (CI)range=0.00-0.39]. Essentialist aging beliefs were correlated with subjective age and age group identification (r
range=0.22 to 0.42, P

range
<0.001 to 0.003, CIrange=0.08-0.57). Both age group identification and essentialism were correlated with depressive symptoms (r
range=0.22, P
range=0.009 to 0.01, CIrange=0.04-0.39). In the adjusted regression model including depressive symptoms, age perceptions, and SCD, only SCD was associated with cognition (b=−0.31, P<0.001).

Conclusion:
Although correlated with SCD, perceptions of aging do not explain the relationship between SCD and performance on a sensitive cognitive test among older adults.
Association of Being Accompanied at Medical Consultation and Having Memory Complaints With Cognitive Impairment in Elderly Brazilian Outpatients
Authors: Cerveira Maria Otilia , Silva-da-Silva Edla , Borelli Wyllians Vendramini , Castilhos Raphael Machado , Chaves Márcia L.F. 
Published: July 2022

Background:
The usefulness of both the presence of a companion at the medical consultation and patient’s cognitive complaints as selection strategies for performing a dementia evaluation is still unclear.

Objectives:
To estimate the association of elderly patients being accompanied during medical visits and patient’s memory complaint with objective cognitive impairment.

Methods:
We included elderly outpatients awaiting medical consultations in 3 non-neurological medical specialties. Demographic and Mini-Mental State Examination were collected. Patients’ memory complaints were evaluated with a single question to both patients and companions.

Results:
Five hundred ninety-three elderly patients were included in the study with 64.6% female and median (interquartile range) age 73 (68-78), 4 (2-6) years of education. Of these, 242 patients were accompanied and 62.6% presented memory complaints. The median (interquartile range) Mini-Mental State Examination scores were significantly lower in patients accompanied and in those with memory complaints. In a logistic regression model, age, education, memory complaint, and presence of companion were associated with cognitive impairment. In the model including only accompanied patients, only age and companion memory complaints were associated with objective cognitive impairment.

Conclusions:
The presence of a companion during a clinical consultation and patients’ memory complaints are both synergistically associated with objective cognitive impairment.
How 2- and 4-year-old children coordinate social interactions with peers
Authors: Rossano Federico , Terwilliger Jack , Bangerter Adrian , Genty Emilie , Heesen Raphaela , Zuberbühler Klaus 
Published: July 2022

The Interaction Engine Hypothesis postulates that humans have a unique ability and motivation for social interaction. A crucial juncture in the ontogeny of the interaction engine could be around 2–4 years of age, but observational studies of children in natural contexts are limited. These data appear critical also for comparison with non-human primates. Here, we report on focal observations on 31 children aged 2- and 4-years old in four preschools (10 h per child). Children interact with a wide range of partners, many infrequently, but with one or two close friends. Four-year olds engage in cooperative social interactions more often than 2-year olds and fight less than 2-year olds. Conversations and playing with objects are the most frequent social interaction types in both age groups. Children engage in social interactions with peers frequently (on average 13 distinct social interactions per hour) and briefly (28 s on average) and shorter than those of great apes in comparable studies. Their social interactions feature entry and exit phases about two-thirds of the time, less frequently than great apes. The results support the Interaction Engine Hypothesis, as young children manifest a remarkable motivation and ability for fast-paced interactions with multiple partners.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Revisiting the human ‘interaction engine’: comparative approaches to social action coordination’.
GTDB-Tk v2: memory friendly classification with the Genome Taxonomy Database
Authors: Chaumeil Pierre-Alain , Mussig Aaron J. , Hugenholtz Philip , Parks Donovan H. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe Genome Taxonomy Database (GTDB) and associated taxonomic classification toolkit (GTDB-Tk) have been widely adopted by the microbiology community. However, the growing size of the GTDB bacterial reference tree has resulted in GTDB-Tk requiring substantial amounts of memory (~320 GB) which limits its adoption and ease of use. Here we present an update to GTDB-Tk that uses a divide-and-conquer approach where user genomes are initially placed into a bacterial reference tree with family-level representatives followed by placement into an appropriate class-level subtree comprising species representatives. This substantially reduces the memory requirements of GTDB-Tk while having minimal impact on classification.AvailabilityGTDB-Tk is implemented in Python and licenced under the GNU General Public Licence v3.0. Source code and documentation are available at: https://github.com/ecogenomics/gtdbtk.Contactp.chaumeil@uq.edu.au or donovan.parks@gmail.com