bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generation of a BAC transgenic mouse strain that expresses CreERT and a fluorescent protein under the transcriptional control of the Fzd5 locus
Authors: Miyagi Satoru , Kato Yuko , Watanabe Ayako , Miyamoto Kenichi , Yoshikawa Rintaro , Hagiya Keita , Hirano Daisuke , Matsuzaki Yumi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
The expression of FZD5 distinguishes immature human mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) in cultures, and the function of FZD5 is crucial for maintaining the proliferation and multilineage differentiation capacity of human MSC. We herein investigated whether Fzd5 expression also marks undifferentiated MSC in animals.

Methods
We generated a transgenic mouse strain (Fzd5-CreERT-tFP635) that expresses CreERT and the fluorescent protein, TurboFP635 (tFP635), under the transcriptional control of the Fzd5 gene using the BAC transgenic technique, and identified cells expressing tFP635 by flow cytometry. We also conducted lineage tracing with this strain.

Results
In the bone marrow of transgenic mice, tFP635 was preferentially expressed in MSC, Leptin receptor-expressing MSC (LepR+MSCs), and some Pdgfrα+ Sca1+ MSC (PαS). Inducible lineage tracing using the Fzd5-CreERT-tFP635; CAG-CAT-EGFP strain at the adult stage showed that Fzd5-expressing cells and their descendants labeled with GFP were progressively dominant in LepR+MSC and PαS, and GFP+ cells persisted for 1 year after the activation of CreERT. Adipocyte progenitor cells (APCs), osteoblast progenitor cells (OPCs), and Cd51+ stromal cells were also labeled with GFP.

Conclusions
Our transgenic mouse marks two different types of MSC, LepR+MSC and PαS.
Comparison of 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT with fluoride PET/CT for detection of bone metastatic disease in prostate cancer
Authors: Regula Naresh , Kostaras Vasileios , Johansson Silvia , Trampal Carlos , Lindström Elin , Lubberink Mark , Iyer Victor , Velikyan Irina , Sörensen Jens 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
18F-NaF positron emission tomography/computed tomography (fluoride PET/CT) is considered the most sensitive technique to detect bone metastasis in prostate cancer (PCa). 68Ga-PSMA-11 (PSMA) PET/CT is increasingly used for staging of PCa. This study primarily aimed to compare the diagnostic performance of fluoride PET/CT and gallium-based PSMA PET/CT in identifying bone metastasis followed by a comparison of PSMA PET/CT with contrast-enhanced CT (CE-CT) in identifying soft tissue lesions as a secondary objective.

Methods
Twenty-eight PCa patients with high suspicion of disseminated disease following curative treatment were prospectively evaluated. PET/CT examinations using fluoride and PSMA were performed. All suspicious bone lesions were counted, and the tracer uptake was measured as standardized uptake values (SUV) for both tracers. In patients with multiple findings, ten bone lesions with highest SUVmax were selected from which identical lesions from both scans were considered for direct comparison of SUVmax. Soft tissue findings of local and lymph node lesions from CE-CT were compared with PSMA PET/CT.

Results
Both scans were negative for bone lesions in 7 patients (25%). Of 699 lesions consistent with skeletal metastasis in 21 patients on fluoride PET/CT, PSMA PET/CT identified 579 lesions (83%). In 69 identical bone lesions fluoride PET/CT showed significantly higher uptake (mean SUVmax: 73.1 ± 36.8) compared to PSMA PET/CT (34.5 ± 31.4; p < 0.001). Compared to CE-CT, PSMA PET/CT showed better diagnostic performance in locating local (96% vs 61%, p = 0.004) and lymph node (94% vs 46%, p < 0.001) metastasis.

Conclusion
In this prospective comparative study, PSMA PET/CT detected the majority of bone lesions that were positive on fluoride PET/CT. Further, this study indicates better diagnostic performance of PSMA PET/CT to locate soft tissue lesions compared to CE-CT.
COVID-19 Disease in Syrian Patients With Cancer: Clinical Manifestations, Laboratory Findings, Treatment, and Outcomes
Authors: Najjar Michel , Albuaini Sara , Fadel Mohammad , Aljbawi Ahmed , Mohsen Fatema , Sulaiman Seham , Koudsi Abir 
Published: March 2022

PURPOSE This study aims to describe the clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, treatment, and outcomes of patients with cancer with COVID-19 infection in Syria. The primary objective was to identify the overall survival (OS) time, and the secondary objectives were to identify factors associated with severe COVID-19 infection. METHODS This multicenter retrospective study was undertaken at four hospitals in Damascus, Syria, between March 28, 2020, and March 29, 2021. Data extracted from medical records included clinical manifestations, radiologic findings, laboratory results, treatment, and outcomes. Survival analysis was done by using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression model for follow-up and anticancer treatment patients to study the effect on OS time. The effects of potential risk factors of developing severe COVID-19 were studied by multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS Of 114 patients included, 61 (53.51%) were male. Smokers represented 29 (25.44%), and 63 (55.26%) patients had a history of coexisting chronic diseases. The most common cancer type was breast cancer 17 (14.91%). Sixty-eight (59.65%) patients were receiving anticancer treatment within 1 month of being diagnosed with COVID-19 infection and 46 (40.35%) were outpatient follow-ups. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that comorbidities (odds ratio: 2.814, P = .044) and anticancer treatment (odds ratio: 8.790, P < .05) were risk factors linked to severe to critical COVID-19 infection. OS time was 245 (95% CI, 217.96 to 272.47) days, lower among patients with cancer with COVID-19 infection receiving anticancer treatment compared with follow-up patients ( P value < .05). CONCLUSION Patients with cancer with COVID-19 infection receiving anticancer treatment had a lower OS time. It may be worth considering stopping anticancer treatment in patients with cancer with COVID-19 when possible in search of better outcomes.
Fractionated Proton Radiation Therapy and Hearing Preservation for Vestibular Schwannoma: Preliminary Analysis of a Prospective Phase 2 Clinical Trial
Authors: Saraf Anurag , Pike Luke R. G. , Franck Kevin H. , Horick Nora K. , Yeap Beow Y. , Fullerton Barbara C. , Wang Irene S. , Abazeed Mohamed E. , McKenna Michael J. , Mehan William A. , Plotkin Scott R. , Loeffler Jay S. , Shih Helen A. 
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND:
Local management for vestibular schwannoma (VS) is associated with excellent local control with focus on preserving long-term serviceable hearing. Fractionated proton radiation therapy (FPRT) may be associated with greater hearing preservation because of unique dosimetric properties of proton radiotherapy.

OBJECTIVE:
To investigate hearing preservation rates of FPRT in adults with VS and secondarily assess local control and treatment-related toxicity.

METHODS:
A prospective, single-arm, phase 2 clinical trial was conducted of patients with VS from 2010 to 2019. All patients had serviceable hearing at baseline and received FPRT to a total dose of 50.4 to 54 Gy relative biological effectiveness (RBE) over 28 to 30 fractions. Serviceable hearing preservation was defined as a Gardner–Robertson score of 1 to 2, measured by a pure tone average (PTA) of ≤50 dB and a word recognition score (WRS) of ≥50%.

RESULTS:
Twenty patients had a median follow-up of 4.0 years (range 1.0-5.0 years). Local control at 4 years was 100%. Serviceable hearing preservation at 1 year was 53% (95% CI 29%-76%), and primary end point was not yet reached. Median PTA and median WRS both worsened 1 year after FPRT (P < .0001). WRS plateaued after 6 months, whereas PTA continued to worsen up to 1 year after FPRT. Median cochlea D90 was lower in patients with serviceable hearing at 1 year (40.6 Gy [RBE] vs 46.9 Gy [RBE]), trending toward Wilcoxon rank-sum test statistical significance (P = .0863). Treatment was well-tolerated, with one grade 1 cranial nerve V dysfunction and no grade 2+ cranial nerve dysfunction.

CONCLUSION:
FPRT for VS did not meet the goal of serviceable hearing preservation. Higher cochlea doses trended to worsening hearing preservation, suggesting that dose to cochlea correlates with hearing preservation independent of treatment modality.
A reproducible dynamic phantom for sequence testing in hyperpolarised 13C-magnetic resonance
Authors: Chowdhury Rafat , Papoutsaki Marianthi-Vasiliki , Müller Christoph A , Smith Lorna , Gong Fiona , Bullock Max , Rogers Harriet , Mathew Manju , Syer Tom , Singh Saurabh , Retter Adam , Caselton Lucy , Ryu Jung , Oliver-Taylor Aaron , Golay Xavier , Bainbridge Alan , Gadian David G , Punwani Shonit 
Published: March 2022

Objective
To develop a phantom system which can be integrated with an automated injection system, eliminating the experimental variability that arises with manual injection; for the purposes of pulse sequence testing and metric derivation in hyperpolarised 13C-MR.

Methods
The custom dynamic phantom was machined from Ultem and filled with a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and lactate dehydrogenase mixture dissolved in phosphate buffered saline. Hyperpolarised [1-13C]-pyruvate was then injected into the phantom (n = 8) via an automated syringe pump and the conversion of pyruvate to lactate monitored through a 13C imaging sequence.

Results
The phantom showed low coefficient of variation for the lactate to pyruvate peak signal heights (11.6%) and dynamic area-under curve ratios (11.0%). The variance for the lactate dehydrogenase enzyme rate constant (kP) was also seen to be low at 15.6%.

Conclusion
The dynamic phantom demonstrates high reproducibility for quantification of 13C-hyperpolarised MR-derived metrics. Establishing such a phantom is needed to facilitate development of hyperpolarsed 13C-MR pulse sequenced; and moreover, to enable multisite hyperpolarised 13C-MR clinical trials where assessment of metric variability across sites is critical.

Advances in knowledge
The dynamic phantom developed during the course of this study will be a useful tool in testing new pulse sequences and standardisation in future hyperpolarised work.
Radiologist opinions regarding reporting incidental coronary and cardiac calcification on thoracic CT
Authors: Williams Michelle C , Weir-McCall Jonathan , Moss Alastair J , Schmitt Matthias , Stirrup James , Holloway Ben , Gopalan Deepa , Deshpande Aparna , Hughes Gareth Morgan , Agrawal Bobby , Nicol Edward , Roditi Giles , Shambrook James , Bull Russell 
Published: March 2022

Objectives: Coronary and cardiac calcification are frequent incidental findings on non-gated thoracic computed tomography (CT). However, radiologist opinions and practices regarding the reporting of incidental calcification are poorly understood. Methods: UK radiologists were invited to complete this online survey, organised by the British Society of Cardiovascular Imaging (BSCI). Questions included anonymous information on subspecialty, level of training and reporting practices for incidental coronary artery, aortic valve, mitral and thoracic aorta calcification. Results: The survey was completed by 200 respondents: 10% trainees and 90% consultants. Calcification was not reported by 11% for the coronary arteries, 22% for the aortic valve, 35% for the mitral valve and 37% for the thoracic aorta. Those who did not subspecialise in cardiac imaging were less likely to report coronary artery calcification (p = 0.005), aortic valve calcification (p = 0.001) or mitral valve calcification (p = 0.008), but there was no difference in the reporting of thoracic aorta calcification. Those who did not subspecialise in cardiac imaging were also less likely to provide management recommendations for coronary artery calcification (p < 0.001) or recommend echocardiography for aortic valve calcification (p < 0.001), but there was no difference for mitral valve or thoracic aorta recommendations. Conclusion: Incidental coronary artery, valvular and aorta calcification are frequently not reported on thoracic CT and there are differences in reporting practices based on subspeciality. Advances in knowledge: On routine thoracic CT, 11% of radiologists do not report coronary artery calcification. Radiologist reporting practices vary depending on subspeciality but not level of training.
Currencies of recognition: What rewards and recognition do Canadian distributed medical education preceptors value?
Authors: Johnston Aaron , Malhi Rebecca , Cofie Nicholas , Jokic Ruzica , Goertzen James , Smith-Windsor Tom , Makwarimba Edward , Girouard Marie-Hélène , Badcock Sandra , Bell Amanda 
Published: March 2022

Background: Medical schools spend considerable time, effort, and money on recognition initiatives for rural and distributed medical education (DME) faculty. Previous literature has focused on intrinsic motivation to teach and there is little in the literature to guide institutional recognition efforts or to predict which items or types of recognition will be most appreciated. Methods: To better understand how rural and DME faculty in Canada value different forms of recognition, we asked faculty members from all Canadian medical schools to complete a bilingual, national online survey evaluating their perceptions of currently offered rewards and recognition. The survey received a robust response in both English and French, across nine Canadian provinces and one territory. Results: Our results indicated that there were three distinct ways that preceptors looked at recognition; these perspectives were consistent across geographic and demographic variables. These “clusters” or “currencies of recognition” included: i) Formal institutional recognition, ii) connections, growth and development, and iii) tokens of gratitude. Financial recognition was also found to be important but separate from the three clusters. Some preceptors did value support of intrinsic motivation most important, and for others extrinsic motivators, or a mix of both was most valued. Conclusions: Study results will help medical schools make effective choices in efforts to find impactful ways to recognize rural and DME faculty.
How Private Higher Education Institutions in Indonesia Changed Their Marketing Mix amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Pradipta Andamar 
Published: March 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected industries to amass consumers, with the education industry not being an exception. For-profit higher education institutions (HEIs) in Indonesia were forced to rethink their marketing strategies amidst COVID-19 restrictions and a changing economy. Five private HEIs from four different cities in Indonesia have been the subjects of this study, focusing on how parents' demands and the pandemic drove changes in these HEIs' 7P marketing mix. In-depth interviews were conducted with representatives of these HEIs' marketing teams. It was found that three of the seven Ps in the HEIs, as mentioned above,' marketing mix, were changed (price, promotion, and process). It was concluded that Indonesian HEIs bear a distinct producer-consumer relationship that hinders patrons from making demands as freely as they would with other types of services. Future research should then look into this newly-discovered producer-consumer dynamic in other levels of education.
EFL Students’ Perceptions Of Online Learning During The Covid- 19 Pandemic: A Case Study
Authors: Rakaj Dorine 
Published: March 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has drastically changed many things, including education. This study aimed to examine students' perceptions of online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study employed a quantitative approach. Data collection was done by distributing an online questionnaire to 100 selected undergraduate students majoring in English Language and Literature at the University of Prizren, Kosovo. The study's findings indicated that students had negative perceptions of online classes during the COVID- 19 pandemic. Lack of quality, lack of proper interaction and concentration, lack of computer skills were the major problems experienced by undergraduate students at the University of Prizren. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the respondents of this study were not willing to accept their courses via online mode.
The effect of sarcopenia on outcomes following orthopaedic surgery
Authors: Brzeszczynski Filip , Brzeszczynska Joanna , Duckworth Andrew D. , Murray Iain R. , Simpson A. Hamish R. W. , Hamilton David F. 
Published: March 2022

Aims Sarcopenia is characterized by a generalized progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass, strength, and physical performance. This systematic review primarily evaluated the effects of sarcopenia on postoperative functional recovery and mortality in patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery, and secondarily assessed the methods used to diagnose and define sarcopenia in the orthopaedic literature. Methods A systematic search was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Google Scholar databases according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Studies involving sarcopenic patients who underwent defined orthopaedic surgery and recorded postoperative outcomes were included. The quality of the criteria by which a diagnosis of sarcopenia was made was evaluated. The quality of the publication was assessed using Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Results A total of 365 studies were identified and screened, 26 full-texts were reviewed, and 19 studies were included in the review. A total of 3,009 patients were included, of whom 2,146 (71%) were female and 863 (29%) were male. The mean age of the patients was 75.1 years (SD 7.1). Five studies included patients who underwent spinal surgery, 13 included hip or knee surgery, and one involved patients who underwent fixation of a distal radial fixation. The mean follow-up was 1.9 years (SD 1.9; 5 days to 5.6 years). There was wide heterogeneity in the measurement tools which were used and the parameters for the diagnosis of sarcopenia in the studies. Sarcopenia was associated with at least one deleterious effect on surgical outcomes in all 19 studies. The postoperative rate of mortality was reported in 11 studies (57.9%) and sarcopenia was associated with poorer survival in 73% (8/11) of these. The outcome was most commonly assessed using the Barthel Index (4/19), and sarcopenic patients recorded lower scores in 75% (3/4) of these. Sarcopenia was defined using the gold-standard three parameters (muscle strength, muscle quantity or quality, and muscle function) in four studies (21%), using two parameters in another four (21%) and one in the remaining 11 (58%). The methodological quality of the studies was moderate to high. Conclusion There is much heterogeneity in the reporting of the parameters which are used for the diagnosis of sarcopenia, and evaluating the outcome of orthopaedic surgery in sarcopenic patients. However, what data exist suggest that sarcopenia impairs recovery and increases postoperative mortality, especially in patients undergoing emergency surgery. Further research is required to develop processes that allow the accurate diagnosis of sarcopenia in orthopaedics, which may facilitate targeted pre- and postoperative interventions that would improve outcomes. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(3):321–330.
Liquid crystal microlens array with positive and negative focal lengths
based on a patterned electrode
Authors: Xu Miao , Xue Yingying , Li Senhao , Zhang Lyudi , Lu Hongbo 
Published: March 2022

A liquid crystal microlens array (LCMLA) with positive and negative focal lengths based
on a ring-array patterned electrodes is demonstrated. By carefully
designing patterned electrodes with a circular electrode array area
and outer ring electrode region area, the switching of the positive
and negative lens effect can be easily achieved in a single cell. A
positive lens effect appeared when the voltage was applied to the
outer ring electrode region and the top substrate. The focal length
changed from infinity to 1 mm as the voltage varied from 0 to

3

V

r
m
s

. A negative lens effect occurred when
the voltage was applied to the circular electrode array and the top
substrate. The focal length varied from infinity to

−

1

m
m

when the voltage changed from 0 to

2

V

r
m
s

. The imaging properties of the LCMLA
at different voltages are evaluated. Our LCMLA, with simple structure,
low driving voltage, and good stability, has potential applications in
optical communication, imaging processing, and displays.
On the impact of launch power optimization and transceiver noise on the performance of ultra-wideband transmission systems [Invited]
Authors: Buglia H. , Sillekens E. , Vasylchenkova A. , Bayvel P. , Galdino L. 
Published: March 2022

Ultra-wideband transmission is a promising, cost-effective solution to meet the increasing demand for data traffic in optical fiber systems. However, system performance and quality of transmission (QoT) are limited by fiber nonlinearity, in particular, interchannel stimulated Raman scattering (ISRS), leading to a power transfer from short to long wavelengths. As the result, per-channel launch power optimization is required to maximize the system throughput. In this paper, we investigate how the transceiver noise and launch power optimization impact the total throughput and the per-channel QoT for transmission bandwidths of up to 20 THz, using the S-, C-, and L-bands. To measure the gains through the optimum launch power profile, a spectrally uniform launch power is used as a baseline. Through experimental analysis and theoretical modeling, the main limitations constraining the achieved data throughput of 178 Tb/s over a continuous bandwidth of 16.83 THz and 40 km were investigated. The impact of the launch power optimization and the transceiver constrained signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) are analyzed and compared, and the approaches to overcome data throughput limitations are considered. An extensive theoretical investigation for different system configurations is described, demonstrating the trade-off between ISRS impact and transceiver noise. The former degrades the QoT and increases the gains in performance obtained by optimizing the launch power, while the latter reduces these gains and the SNR variation across the bandwidth, with a major impact over short distances.