bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parathyroid Hormone Regulates Circulating Levels of Sclerostin and FGF23 in a Primary Hyperparathyroidism Model
Authors: Nagata Yuki , Imanishi Yasuo , Tateishi Tomomi , Miyaoka Daichi , Kurajoh Masafumi , Arnold Andrew , Emoto Masanori 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) increases fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), mediated both by protein kinase A (PKA) and Wnt signaling, and decreases expression of sclerostin, a Wnt antagonist derived from osteocytes. Patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) have lower serum sclerostin levels than healthy controls, consistent with the idea of SOST downregulation by PTH. Nevertheless, the relationship between FGF23 and sclerostin in PHPT is still unclear. We examined this issue in a mouse model of PHPT. PHPT mice had increased FGF23 and decreased sclerostin expression in calvaria and in their serum concentrations compared with wild-type (WT) mice. In UMR106 osteoblasts, PTH increased Fgf23 expression and decreased Sost expression, as well as forskolin, a PKA agonist, whereas inhibition of PKA reversed the changes in Fgf23 and Sost expression, stimulated by PTH. Sclerostin treatment had no effect on Fgf23 expression, but when it was added together with PTH, it statistically significantly abrogated the increase in Fgf23 expression. By contrast, there was no statistically significant correlation between serum FGF23 and sclerostin, whereas PTH was positively and negatively correlated with serum FGF23 and sclerostin, respectively. These results indicate that the high level of PTH in PHPT mice leads to increased FGF23 and decreased sclerostin expression in serum and calvaria. A decrease of sclerostin may further augment FGF23 in vitro; however, there was no statistically significant association between circulating FGF23 and sclerostin. It is suggested that the pathogenesis of increased FGF23 expression in PHPT mice may be modified by not only sclerostin, but also other regulatory factors modulated by PTH.
The Burden of Coronavirus Disease 2019–Related Cases, Hospitalizations, and Mortality Based on Vaccination Status and Mandated Mask Use: Statewide Data From Wisconsin and Narrative Review of the Literature
Authors: Abd-Elsayed Alaa , D’Souza Ryan S. 
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND:
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases continue to surge in the United States with the emergence of new variants. Statewide variability and inconsistency in implementing risk mitigation strategies are widespread, particularly in regards to enforcing mask mandates and encouraging the public to become fully vaccinated.

METHODS:
This is a cross-sectional study conducted on July 31, 2021, utilizing publicly available data from the Wisconsin Department of Health Services. The authors abstracted data on total COVID-19–related cases, hospitalizations, and deaths in the state of Wisconsin. The primary objective was comparison of total COVID-19–related cases, hospitalizations, and deaths in vaccinated versus unvaccinated people in the state of Wisconsin over a 31-day period (July 2021). Furthermore, we also performed a narrative review of the literature on COVID-19–related outcomes based on mask use and vaccination status.

RESULTS:
In the state of Wisconsin during July 2021, total COVID-19 cases was 125.4 per 100,000 fully vaccinated people versus 369.2 per 100,000 not fully vaccinated people (odds ratio [OR] = 0.34, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.33–0.35; P < .001). Total COVID-19 hospitalizations was 4.9 per 100,000 fully vaccinated people versus 18.2 per 100,000 not fully vaccinated people (OR = 0.27, 98% CI, 0.22–0.32; P < .001). Total COVID-19 deaths was 0.1 per 100,000 fully vaccinated people versus 1.1 per 100,000 not fully vaccinated people (OR = 0.09, 95% CI, 0.03–0.29; P < .001). Narrative review of the literature demonstrated high vaccine effectiveness against COVID-19 infection prevention (79%–100% among fully vaccinated people), COVID-19–related hospitalization (87%–98% among fully vaccinated people), and COVID-19–related death (96.7%–98% among fully vaccinated people). Studies have also generally reported that mask use was associated with increased effectiveness in preventing COVID-19 infection ≤70%.

CONCLUSIONS:
Strict adherence to public mask use and fully vaccinated status are associated with improved COVID-19–related outcomes and can mitigate the spread, morbidity, and mortality of COVID-19. Anesthesiologists and intensivists should adhere to evidence-based guidelines in their approach and management of patients to help mitigate spread.
Association of Medicaid Expansion With Neuraxial Labor Analgesia Use in the United States: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Analysis
Authors: Xiao Maggie Z. X. , Whitney Dylan , Guo Nan , Sun Eric C. , Wong Cynthia A. , Bentley Jason , Butwick Alexander J. 
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND:
The Affordable Care Act has been associated with increased Medicaid coverage for childbirth among low-income US women. We hypothesized that Medicaid expansion was associated with increased use of labor neuraxial analgesia.

METHODS:
We performed a cross-sectional analysis of US women with singleton live births who underwent vaginal delivery or intrapartum cesarean delivery between 2009 and 2017. Data were sourced from births in 26 US states that used the 2003 Revised US Birth Certificate. Difference-in-difference linear probability models were used to compare changes in the prevalence of neuraxial labor analgesia in 15 expansion and 11 nonexpansion states before and after Medicaid expansion. Models were adjusted for potential maternal and obstetric confounders with standard errors clustered at the state level.

RESULTS:
The study sample included 5,703,371 births from 15 expansion states and 5,582,689 births from 11 nonexpansion states. In the preexpansion period, the overall rate of neuraxial analgesia in expansion and nonexpansion states was 73.2% vs 76.3%. Compared with the preexpansion period, the rate of neuraxial analgesia increased in the postexpansion period by 1.7% in expansion states (95% CI, 1.6–1.8) and 0.9% (95% CI, 0.9–1.0) in nonexpansion states. The adjusted difference-in-difference estimate comparing expansion and nonexpansion states was 0.47% points (95% CI, −0.63 to 1.57; P = .39).

CONCLUSIONS:
Medicaid expansion was not associated with an increase in the rate of neuraxial labor analgesia in expansion states compared to the change in nonexpansion states over the same time period. Increasing Medicaid eligibility alone may be insufficient to increase the rate of neuraxial labor analgesia.
The State of Dy Incorporated in SrAl2O4 Crystals by Low-temperature Annealing and Its Photoluminescence and Afterglow Properties
Authors: Nakamura Hitomi , Akai Tomoko , Kadono Kohei 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We synthesized SrAl2O4:Eu,Dy by a polymerized complex method with low-temperature annealing and investigated the effect of this annealing treatment on the state of Dy incorporated in SrAl2O4 sintered at 1080 °C. At 4%, Dy was incorporated completely in the SrAl2O4 when pre-annealed at 650 °C (3 h) followed by 750 °C (3 h). Photoluminescence and afterglow properties improved owing to pre-annealing. The results indicate that annealing at an appropriate temperature enables high doping and homogeneous Dy distribution in the crystals.
A new minimally invasive, non-excisional, surgical browlift technique with minimal scarring: a protocol for a prospective observational study
Authors: de Jongh Frank W. , Kooiman Laurens B.R. , Sanches Elijah E. , Pouwels Sjaak , Ingels Koen J.A.O. , Wehrens Kim M.E. , Tan Liang T. 
Published: February 2022

Background The aim of this study is to prospectively evaluate the new minimal invasive (MINE) browlift technique with possibly superior results and minimal visible scarring. Methods A prospective observational study will be performed on all available data from patients who will undergo a browlift procedure in the Haaglanden Medical Center from 1-6-2021 till 31-5-2022. Our goal is to include at least 50 patients (1 per week). Inclusion criteria are: patients with medical (i.e. brow-ptosis, facial paralysis) or cosmetic indication, patients with sufficient understanding of the Dutch or English language and willingness to participate in extra study specific follow-up moments and filling in of questionnaires. Exclusion criteria are: <18 years of age and patients with previous brow or eyelid surgery. Patients will be photographed pre- and postoperatively using the VECTRA camera. The database management software Castor will be used to store and collect the data from the questionnaire. The Medical Research Ethics Committee found this study not eligible to be submitted to the Dutch Medical Research Involving Human Subjects Acts (WMO). Written informed consent will be obtained from all patients. Results Outcomes measures to be evaluated include: scarring after procedure; functionality of eyebrow movement; amount of correction in brow ptosis, measured in VECTRA; longevity of procedure in months; aesthetic result as assessed by questionnaires; and adverse effects of the procedure.
A novel method for measuring sublingual temperature using conventional non-contact forehead thermometer
Authors: Mahabala Chakrapani , Dakappa Pradeepa H. , Gupta Arjun R. 
Published: February 2022

Background: Sublingual temperature measurement is a quick and accurate representation of oral temperature and corresponds closely with core temperature. Sub-lingual temperature measurement using non-contact infrared thermometers has not been studied for this purpose and if accurate they would be a reliable and convenient way of recording temperature of a patient very quickly. The aim of the study was to evaluate the utility of recording sublingual temperature using an infrared non-contact thermometer and establish its accuracy by comparing the readings with tympanic thermometer recordings. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in 29 patients (328 paired recordings from sublingual and tympanic sites simultaneously). Subjects were requested to keep their mouth closed for five minutes before recording the temperature. Sublingual recordings were performed for each patient at different times of the day using an infrared thermometer. The infrared thermometer was quickly brought 1cm away from the sublingual part of the tongue and the recordings were then done immediately. Readings were compared with the corresponding tympanic temperature. Results: The non-contact sublingual temperature correlated very closely with tympanic temperature (r=0.86, p<0.001). The mean difference between the infrared sublingual and tympanic temperature was 0.21°C (standard deviation [SD]:0.48°C, 95% confidence interval [CI] of 0.16-0.27). The intra-class correlation co-efficient (ICC) between core and sublingual temperatures was 0.830 (95% CI: 0.794 to 0.861) p<0.001. The sensitivity of sublingual IR (infrared) temperature of 37.65°C was 90% and specificity was 89% for core temperature >38°C. Conclusions: This innovative modification of using the forehead infrared thermometer to measure the sublingual temperature offers an accurate, rapid and non-contact estimation of core temperature.
Case Report: Early Neonatal EEG in Two Infants with Pallister Killian Syndrome (PKS)
Authors: Stephens Carol M , Pavel Andreea M , Mathieson Sean R , McSweeney Niamh , McNamara Brian , Moore Michael , Boylan Geraldine B 
Published: February 2022

Pallister Killian Syndrome (PKS) is a rare genetic disorder caused by a mosaic tetrasomy of the short arm of chromosome 12. The syndrome is characterised by typical craniofacial dysmorphism, congenital anomalies and intellectual disability. Epilepsy is a known complication, with onset usually occurring in early childhood and characterised most commonly by spasms and myoclonic seizures. To the best of our knowledge, there have been no cases describing the early neonatal EEG in PKS and electrographic seizures, to date. Here, we report two cases of PKS presenting in the neonatal period with distinctive EEG features and seizures.
Caenorhabditis elegans Parkin: Regulators of its abundance and role in autophagy-lysosomal dynamics
Authors: Vozdek Roman , Wang Bingying , Li Kathy H. , Pramstaller Peter P. , Hicks Andrew A. , Ma Dengke K. 
Published: February 2022

Background: Parkin, which when mutated leads to early-onset Parkinson’s disease, acts as an E3 ubiquitin ligase. How Parkin is regulated for selective protein and organelle targeting is not well understood. Here, we used protein interactor and genetic screens in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) to identify new regulators of Parkin abundance and showed their impact on autophagy-lysosomal dynamics and alpha-Synuclein processing. Methods: We generated a transgene encoding mCherry-tagged C. elegans Parkin – Parkinson’s Disease Related 1 (PDR-1). We performed protein interactor screen using Co-immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry analysis to identify putative interacting partners of PDR-1. Ribonucleic acid interference (RNAi) screen and an unbiased mutagenesis screen were used to identify genes regulating PDR-1 abundance. Confocal microscopy was used for the identification of the subcellular localization of PDR-1 and alpha-Synuclein processing. Results: We show that the mCherry::pdr-1 transgene rescues the mitochondrial phenotype of pdr-1 mutants and that the expressed PDR-1 reporter is localized in the cytosol with enriched compartmentalization in the autophagy-lysosomal system. We determined that the transgenic overexpression of the PDR-1 reporter, due to inactivated small interfering RNA (siRNA) generation pathway, disrupts autophagy-lysosomal dynamics. From the RNAi screen of putative PDR-1 interactors we found that the inactivated Adenine Nucleotide Translocator ant-1.1/hANT, or hybrid ubiquitin genes ubq-2/hUBA52 and ubl-1/hRPS27A encoding a single copy of ubiquitin fused to the ribosomal proteins L40 and S27a, respectively, induced PDR-1 abundance and affected lysosomal dynamics. In addition, we demonstrate that the abundant PDR-1 plays a role in alpha-Synuclein processing. Conclusions: These data show that the abundant C. elegans Parkin ortholog affects the autophagy-lysosomal system together with alpha-Synuclein processing which can help in understanding the pathology in Parkin-related diseases.
Date of introduction and epidemiologic patterns of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Mogadishu, Somalia: estimates from transmission modelling of satellite-based excess mortality data in 2020
Authors: Koltai Mihaly , Warsame Abdihamid , Bashiir Farah , Freemantle Terri , Reeve Chris , Williams Chris , Jit Mark , Flasche Stefan , Davies Nicholas G. ,   CMMID COVID-19 working group, Aweis Ahmed , Ahmed Mohamed , Dalmar Abdirisak , Checchi Francesco 
Published: February 2022

Background: In countries with weak surveillance systems, confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) deaths are likely to underestimate the pandemic’s death toll. Many countries also have incomplete vital registration systems, hampering excess mortality estimation. Here, we fitted a dynamic transmission model to satellite imagery data of cemeteries in Mogadishu, Somalia during 2020 to estimate the date of introduction and other epidemiologic parameters of the early spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in this low-income, crisis-affected setting. Methods: We performed Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) fitting with an age-structured compartmental COVID-19 model to provide median estimates and credible intervals for the date of introduction, the basic reproduction number (R0) and the effect of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) up to August 2020. Results: Under the assumption that excess deaths in Mogadishu March-August 2020 were attributable to SARS-CoV-2 infections, we arrived at median estimates of November-December 2019 for the date of introduction and low R0 estimates (1.4-1.7) reflecting the slow and early rise and long plateau of excess deaths. The date of introduction, the amount of external seeding, the infection fatality rate (IFR) and the effectiveness of NPIs are correlated parameters and not separately identifiable in a narrow range from deaths data. Nevertheless, to obtain introduction dates no earlier than November 2019 a higher population-wide IFR (≥0.7%) had to be assumed than obtained by applying age-specific IFRs from high-income countries to Somalia’s age structure. Conclusions: Model fitting of excess mortality data across a range of plausible values of the IFR and the amount of external seeding suggests an early SARS-CoV-2 introduction event may have occurred in Somalia in November-December 2019. Transmissibility in the first epidemic wave was estimated to be lower than in European settings. Alternatively, there was another, unidentified source of sustained excess mortality in Mogadishu from March to August 2020.
Tibial bone and soft-tissue concentrations following combination therapy with vancomycin and meropenem – evaluated by microdialysis in a porcine model
Authors: Vittrup Sofus Ørbæk , Hanberg Pelle , Knudsen Martin Bruun , Tøstesen Sara Kousgaard , Kipp Josephine Olsen , Hansen Jakob , Jørgensen Nis Pedersen , Stilling Maiken , Bue Mats 
Published: February 2022

Aims Prompt and sufficient broad-spectrum empirical antibiotic treatment is key to preventing infection following open tibial fractures. Succeeding co-administration, we dynamically assessed the time for which vancomycin and meropenem concentrations were above relevant epidemiological cut-off (ECOFF) minimal inhibitory concentrations (T > MIC) in tibial compartments for the bacteria most frequently encountered in open fractures. Low and high MIC targets were applied: 1 and 4 µg/ml for vancomycin, and 0.125 and 2 µg/ml for meropenem. Methods Eight pigs received a single dose of 1,000 mg vancomycin and 1,000 mg meropenem simultaneously over 100 minutes and 10 minutes, respectively. Microdialysis catheters were placed for sampling over eight hours in tibial cancellous bone, cortical bone, and adjacent subcutaneous adipose tissue. Venous blood samples were collected as references. Results Across the targeted ECOFF values, vancomycin displayed longer T > MIC in all the investigated compartments in comparison to meropenem. For both drugs, cortical bone exhibited the shortest T > MIC. For the low MIC targets and across compartments, mean T > MIC ranged between 208 and 449 minutes (46% to 100%) for vancomycin and between 189 and 406 minutes (42% to 90%) for meropenem. For the high MIC targets, mean T > MIC ranged between 30 and 446 minutes (7% to 99%) for vancomycin and between 45 and 181 minutes (10% to 40%) for meropenem. Conclusion The differences in the T > MIC between the low and high targets illustrate how the interpretation of these results is highly susceptible to the defined MIC target. To encompass any trauma, contamination, or individual tissue differences, a more aggressive dosing approach may be considered to achieve longer T > MIC in all the exposed tissues, and thereby lower the risk of acquiring an infection after open tibial fractures. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2022;11(2):112–120.
Boosting anapole-exciton strong coupling in all-dielectric heterostructures
Authors: Wang Jingyu , Yang Weimin , Sun Guoya , He Yonglin , Ren Peiwen , Yang Zhilin 
Published: February 2022

The light manipulation beyond the diffraction limit plays an invaluable role in modern physics and nanophotonics. In this work, we have demonstrated a strong coupling with a large Rabi splitting of 151 meV between bulk

WS

2

excitons and anapole modes in the

WS

2

-Si nanodisk heterostructure array with nanoholes as small as 50 nm radius. This result is acquired by introducing anapole modes to suppress radiative losses to confine light into subwavelength volumes and large spatial overlapping between excitons and strong optical fields. Our work shows that anapole modes may serve as a powerful way to enhance the interaction between light and matter at nanoscales, and it should pave an avenue toward high-performance all-dielectric optoelectronic applications.
Persistent hypercoagulability in dogs envenomated by the European adder (Vipera berus berus)
Authors: Harjen Hannah J. , Hellum Marit , Rørtveit Runa , Oscarson Malin , Anfinsen Kristin P. , Moldal Elena R. , Solbak Susanna , Kanse Sandip M. , Henriksson Carola E. 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundEnvenomation by the European adder,Vipera berus berus (Vbb), is a medical emergency. The overallin vivohaemostatic effects of pro- and anticoagulant components inVbbvenom, and the downstream effects of cellular injury and systemic inflammation, are unclear.ObjectivesTo longitudinally describe the global coagulation status of dogs afterVbbenvenomation and compare to healthy controls. A secondary aim was to investigate differences between dogs treated with and without antivenom.MethodsCitrated plasma was collected at presentation, 12 hours (h), 24 h, 36 h and 15 days after bite from 28 dogs envenomated byVbb, and from 28 healthy controls at a single timepoint. Thrombin generation (initiated with and without exogenous phospholipids and tissue factor), thrombin-antithrombin (TAT)-complexes and the procoagulant activity of phosphatidylserine (PS)-expressing extracellular vesicles (EVs), expressed as PS-equivalents, were measured.ResultsAt presentation the envenomated dogs were hypercoagulable compared to controls, measured as increased thrombin generation, TAT-complexes and PS-equivalents. The hypercoagulability decreased gradually but compared to controls thrombin generation and PS-equivalents were still increased at day 15. The discrepancy in peak thrombin between envenomated dogs and controls was greater when the measurement was phospholipid-dependent, indicating that PS-positive EVs contribute to hypercoagulability. Lag time was shorter in non-antivenom treated dogs, compared to antivenom treated dogs <24 h after envenomation.ConclusionsHypercoagulability was measured in dogs up to 15 days afterVbbenvenomation. Dogs treated with antivenom may be less hypercoagulable than their non-antivenom treated counterparts. Thrombin generation is a promising diagnostic and monitoring tool forVbbenvenomation.