bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Phytochemical and Proximate Analysis of Mangifera indica Possible Ability to Induce Sedation and Remedy Insomnia
Authors: Alhaji A. I. , Ajibade G. A. , Ellina T. , Yakubu D. , Blessing T. , Ume A. O. 
Published: August 2022

Aims: The study was aimed at the Phytochemical and Proximate analysis of the flower, leaf, stem bark and seed of Mangifera indica for its ability to induce sedation.
Place and Duration of Study: The fresh flower, leaf, stem bark and seed of Mangifera indica (Mango) were collected using secateurs and taken to the Department of Biological Sciences, Nigerian Defense Academy, Kaduna for specific identification and authentication by an expert.
Methodology: The phytochemical analysis was carried out following the procedures described by Harbourne, (1998) while the methods of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC, 2000) were used for the determination of moisture and ash content, crude fiber, lipids, proteins and carbohydrates and Nitrogen was determined using the micro Kjeldahl method described by (Gadelha et al., 2009).
Results: A very significant percentage of protein, Flavonoid and terpenoids were detected in the plant samples especially Mangifera indica flower.
Conclusion: A high presence of Flavonoid, Terpenoid and Protein in Mangifera indica plant parts is a sign of the possibility that the plant sample could contain a reasonable percentage of Apeginin, Myrcene and Tryptophan which are known active components to induce sedation and can feature in the future as a good source of sleep aid against insomnia.
A Review of Antifungal Activity of Combined Plant Extracts or Plant Exudates from Medicinal Plants either together or with Known Antifungal Agents
Authors: Haji Moh’d Hamid , Mohamed Asma Balla , Albashir Alaa Altayeb , Mirghani Mohamed 
Published: August 2022

Medicinal plants provide humanity with important phytochemical compounds and extracts which are widely used in treatment of many diseases. Fungal infections are one of these diseases which are widely distributed especially in developing countries; medicinal plants are extensively used in developing countries. There are few antifungal agents, most of them are expensive and have many adverse effects, also there is high incidence of drug resistance among some available antifungal agents, hence for these mentioned reasons many people, especially in developing countries, use medicinal plants (either alone, combined together or combined with known antifungal drugs) in treatment of many fungal infections. This rise a new and important issue about plant(s) – plant(s) and plant(s) - drug interactions.
The aim of this review is to try to fill the gap in understanding the interactions of plant(s) - plant(s) and plant(s) – drug(s) combinations by providing an overview of some evidence-based researches done in this field, so our review highlights many interactions between medicinal plants constituents with current available antifungal agents, these interactions may be synergistic, additive, indifferent or antagonistic, so, if there is any antagonistic effect, we recommend to avoid using the combination which caused this effect. We collected a lot of studies which studied the interactions between plant(s) (including extracts, isolated active constituents, essential oils, plants latexes and other phytochemicals) used either together or with conventional antifungal agents. This will not only bring about better understanding of both phytochemicals and antifungal activity, but also may help in searching and developing new safely and effective drugs, specially with those combinations which showed synergistic effect.
Development of Carbon-based N Fertilizer for Reducing N Loss and Improving Nitrogen Availability
Authors: Firnass M. Mohamed Roshan Abu , Kannan P. , Swaminathan C. , Senthil K. , Jayakumar B. 
Published: August 2022

Aims: Synthesis and characterization of carbon-based nitrogen fertilizer and assess the nitrogen releasing pattern of newly synthesized N fertilizer.
Study Design: The experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with seven treatments in three replications.
Place and Duration of Study: The incubation study was conducted in the Soils and Environment post-graduate laboratory at Agriculture College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Madurai, India from February 2022 to April 2022.
Methodology: Seven treatments were tested with various combinations of N fertilizers viz., Absolute control-No nitrogen (C), Soil test crop response-based N as urea (STCR- U), Soil test crop response-based N as ammonium chloride (STCR-AC), Carbon-tailored N fertilizer from urea (100% N) (CNF-U100), Carbon-tailored N fertilizer from urea (75% N) (CNF-U75), Carbon-tailored N fertilizer from ammonium chloride (100% N) (CNF-AC100) and Carbon-tailored N fertilizer from ammonium chloride (75% N) (CNF-AC75). The characterization of carbon-tailored N fertilizers and their impact on soil available N were analyzed.
Results: When compared to STCR urea and ammonium chloride, carbon-tailored N fertilizers generated a greater result in terms of sustained release pattern of nitrogen over 10 weeks. Among the N fertilizers, carbon-tailored N fertilizer from urea 75% N (CNF-U75) demonstrated the sustained release of N (104.0 mg kg-1), when compared to the STCR-U (108.9 mg kg-1) and STCR-AC (110.0 mg kg-1) fertilizers.
Conclusion: A novel carbon-based N fertilizer was tailored by intercalating urea and ammonium chloride with carbon material. The N releasing pattern of CNF-U75 implied that carbon-based N fertilizer is a novel product for sustained N release with higher nitrogen utilization efficiency and lower environmental risks. This study result could be used as a beneficial source of information on the current needs and future perspectives of carbon-based N fertilizer (CNF) in precision farming.
Semi‐supervised classification of fundus images combined with CNN and GCN
Authors: Duan Sixu , Huang Pu , Chen Min , Wang Ting , Sun Xiaolei , Chen Meirong , Dong Xueyuan , Jiang Zekun , Li Dengwang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPurposeDiabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most serious complications of diabetes, which is a kind of fundus lesion with specific changes. Early diagnosis of DR can effectively reduce the visual damage caused by DR. Due to the variety and different morphology of DR lesions, automatic classification of fundus images in mass screening can greatly save clinicians' diagnosis time. To alleviate these problems, in this paper, we propose a novel framework—graph attentional convolutional neural network (GACNN).Methods and MaterialsThe network consists of convolutional neural network (CNN) and graph convolutional network (GCN). The global and spatial features of fundus images are extracted by using CNN and GCN, and attention mechanism is introduced to enhance the adaptability of GCN to topology map. We adopt semi‐supervised method for classification, which greatly improves the generalization ability of the network.ResultsIn order to verify the effectiveness of the network, we conducted comparative experiments and ablation experiments. We use confusion matrix, precision, recall, kappa score, and accuracy as evaluation indexes. With the increase of the labeling rates, the classification accuracy is higher. Particularly, when the labeling rate is set to 100%, the classification accuracy of GACNN reaches 93.35%. Compared with DenseNet121, the accuracy rate is improved by 6.24%.ConclusionsSemi‐supervised classification based on attention mechanism can effectively improve the classification performance of the model, and attain preferable results in classification indexes such as accuracy and recall. GACNN provides a feasible classification scheme for fundus images, which effectively reduces the screening human resources.
Stereo Metasurfaces for Efficient and Broadband Terahertz Polarization Conversion
Authors: Xu Yuehong , Xu Quan , Zhang Xueqian , Feng Xi , Lu Yongchang , Zhang Xixiang , Kang Ming , Han Jiaguang , Zhang Weili 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEfficient and flexible manipulation of terahertz (THz) polarization in a broadband manner using metasurfaces has attracted continuous attention in recent years. Previous studies have commonly applied multilayer metallic resonators or bonded dielectric structures as the basic units, which are affected by the spacer loss or bonding difficulty and stability. Here, a new design scheme is proposed based on an all‐metal stereo U‐shaped meta‐atom working in a reflection configuration. The stereo metasurface functions as an efficient and broadband THz waveplate with tailorable birefringence simply controlled by the sunken depth. Such an intriguing property is experimentally verified by a reflection‐type THz half‐waveplate. The polarization conversion ratio is higher than 90%, with 69% relative bandwidth and over 85° angle tolerance for incidence. Furthermore, an efficient and broadband meta‐grating based on the Pancharatnam–Berry phase method is also experimentally demonstrated. The proposed strategy enriches the design degrees of freedom of polarization‐related metasurfaces and may find broad applications in realizing various functional devices.
Recent Advances in Metal Chalcogenide Quantum Dots: From Material Design to Biomedical Applications
Authors: Piao Zhiyan , Yang Dan , Cui Zhongjie , He Haiyang , Mei Shiliang , Lu Hanxu , Fu Zizhao , Wang Le , Zhang Wanlu , Guo Ruiqian 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWith the rapid progress in nanomaterials and biochemistry, there has been an explosion of interest in biomolecule‐modified quantum dots (QDs) for biomedical applications. Metal chalcogenide quantum dots (MCQDs), as the most widely studied QDs, have attracted tremendous attention in the biomedical field on account of their unique and excellent optical properties and the ease of biomolecular modifications. Herein, important advances in MCQDs over recent years are reviewed, from materials design to biomedical applications. Especially, this review focuses on the challenges encountered in the applications of MCQDs in biomedical fields and how these problems can be solved by rational design of synthesis methods and modifications, which have opened a universal route to develop the functionalized MCQDs. Moreover, recent processes in bioimaging, biosensing, and cancer therapy based on MCQDs are examined, including the rapid detection and diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). This review provides broad insights into MCQDs in the biomedical field and will inspire material researchers to develop MCQDs in the future.
Room‐Temperature Anode‐Less All‐Solid‐State Batteries via the Conversion Reaction of Metal Fluorides
Authors: Lee Jieun , Choi Seung Ho , Im Gahyeon , Lee Kyu‐Joon , Lee Taegeun , Oh Jihoon , Lee Nohjoon , Kim Hyuntae , Kim Yunsung , Lee Sangheon , Choi Jang Wook 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAll‐solid‐state batteries (ASSBs) that employ anode‐less electrodes have drawn attention from across the battery community because they offer competitive energy densities and a markedly improved cycle life. Nevertheless, the composite matrices of anode‐less electrodes impose a substantial barrier for lithium‐ion diffusion and inhibit operation at room temperature. To overcome this drawback, here, the conversion reaction of metal fluorides is exploited because metallic nanodomains formed during this reaction induce an alloying reaction with lithium ions for uniform and sustainable lithium (de)plating. Lithium fluoride (LiF), another product of the conversion reaction, prevents the agglomeration of the metallic nanodomains and also protects the electrode from fatal lithium dendrite growth. A systematic analysis identifies silver (I) fluoride (AgF) as the most suitable metal fluoride because the silver nanodomains can accommodate the solid‐solution mechanism with a low nucleation overpotential. AgF‐based full cells attain reliable cycling at 25 °C even with an exceptionally high areal capacity of 9.7 mAh cm−2 (areal loading of LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 = 50 mg cm–2). These results offer useful insights into designing materials for anode‐less electrodes for sulfide‐based ASSBs.
Dynamic Liquid Metal Catalysts for Boosted Lithium Polysulfides Redox Reaction
Authors: Qi Yaqin , Li Nan , Zhang Kun , Yang Yong , Ren Zengying , You Jingyuan , Hou Qian , Shen Chao , Jin Ting , Peng Zuling , Xie Keyu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDesigning efficient electrocatalysts with high electroconductivity, strong chemisorption, and superior catalytical efficiency to realize rapid kinetics of the lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) conversion process is crucial for practical lithium–sulfur (Li–S) battery applications. Unfortunately, most current electrocatalysts cannot maintain long‐term stability due to the possible failure of catalytic sites. Herein, a novel dynamic electrocatalytic strategy with the liquid metal (i.e., gallium–tin, EGaSn) to facilitate LiPSs redox reaction is reported. The combined theoretical simulations and microstructure experiment analysis reveal that Sn atoms dynamically distributed in the liquid Ga matrix act as the main active catalytic center. Meanwhile, Ga provides a uniquely dynamic environment to maintain the long‐term integrity of the catalytic system. With the participation of EGaSn, a tailor‐made 2 Ah Li–S pouch cell with a specific energy density of 307.7 Wh kg−1 is realized. This work opens up new opportunities for liquid‐phase binary alloys as electrocatalysts for high‐specific‐energy Li–S batteries.
Highly‐Bendable MoS2/SnS Flexible Photodetector with Broadband Infrared Response
Authors: Yu Hao , Xie Ying , Wei Jiahui , Zhang Peiqing , Cui Zhiying 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFlexible electronics is one of the hotspots of interdisciplinary research and can promote disruptive technology for post‐Moore applications in the field of biomedical, electronic skin, wearable devices, etc. 2D materials have triggered great interest in flexible electronic devices since they have tunable bandgaps, excellent mechanical flexibility, good chemical stability, and outstanding optical properties. Their reducible atomic thickness greatly facilitates the design and construct for bending, crimping, and folding, whereas it comes at the expense of superior optoelectronic properties. Herein, a highly‐bendable flexible photodetector based on MoS2/SnS amorphous blended film is fabricated with a broadband response from 473 to 1550 nm. The responsivity at 808 nm is 1128 times larger than that of intrinsic MoS2 photodetector accompanied by a four‐fold acceleration in response time. It can bear a small bending radius as low as 3 mm for over 2000 bending–flatting cycles without a drastic performance decay. Moreover, it shows an ultrastrong stability in photoresponse exposed to air for 200 days. This work provides a promising candidate for high performance flexible photodetectors and opens up the prospect of 2D bulk blended materials in a facile all‐in‐one strategy for multifunctional flexible optoelectronics devices and systems.
3D Printed Biohybrid Microsystems
Authors: Prinz Victor Ya. , Fritzler Konstantin B. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis review is devoted to the role of 3D printing in the development of a new high‐tech field, smart biohybrid microsystems. The motivation behind the development of this field is the intention to integrate the capabilities of biological systems optimized in the course of evolution with the achievements of modern methods of forming micro‐ and nanostructures. Biohybrid technologies have demonstrated enormous potential for creating new materials and devices intended for a wide range of applications, primarily in the fields of medicine and biology. In this review, attention is focused on 3D printing as the main driver of the development of technologies for the formation of biohybrid systems. Methods featuring micro‐ and nanoresolution, which make it possible to efficiently integrate artificial structures and biosystems at the cellular level, are discussed. The formation of smart biohybrid microsystems—complex multifunctional devices designed for the medical treatment and study of tissues and organs in vitro and in vivo—is analyzed. Particular attention is given to the most promising, breakthrough trends in the development of biohybrid systems—microrobots, organ‐on‐a‐chip systems, and brain–computer interfaces. The main strategies in designing such systems and the near‐future opportunities offered by them are outlined.
AFM‐Based Hamaker Constant Determination with Blind Tip Reconstruction
Authors: Ku Benny , van de Wetering Ferdinandus , Bolten Jens , Stel Bart , van de Kerkhof Mark A. , Lemme Max C. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractParticle contamination of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) photomasks is one of the numerous challenges in nanoscale semiconductor fabrication, since it can lead to systematic device failures when disturbing patterns are projected repeatedly onto wafers during EUV exposure. Understanding adhesion of particle contamination is key in devising a strategy for cleaning of photomasks. In this work, particle contamination is treated as a particle‐plane problem in which surface roughness and the interacting materials have major influences. For this purpose, vacuum atomic force microscopy (AFM) contact measurements to quantify the van der Waals (vdW) forces between tip and sample are performed. This as a vacuum AFM‐based methodology that combines numerical Hamaker theory and blind tip reconstruction is introduced. The Hamaker constants of 15 × 10−20 J and 13 × 10−20 J for the material systems of a silicon (Si) tip with both aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and native silicon dioxide (SiO2) on Si substrates, respectively have been determined. These methodology allows an alternative, quick and low‐cost approach to characterize the Hamaker constant within the right order of magnitude for any material combination.
Bioinspired Ultrasensitive and Flexible Airflow Sensor based on Short Carbon Fiber Network
Authors: Shen Chen , Sun Shuai , Zhang Hui , Zhang Zhong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractElectronic skin or wearable electronics have attached great attention due to their huge potential applications, and flexible airflow sensor, as an important part, reveals extensive applications. However, finding an efficient, low‐cost, and room‐temperature operation condition method to prepare flexible airflow sensors with high sensing performance still remains a challenge. Herein, inspired by filiform hairs of insects, a highly sensitive, stable, and flexible airflow sensor based on short carbon fiber network (SCFN) structure via electrostatic flocking is developed. The fabricated SCFN is endowed with an ultralow detection limit (0.053 m s−1), wide detection range (0.053–2.66 m s−1), multiangle response (0°–90°) with a fast response (1.7 s) and recovery time (3.4 s), together with excellent stability. Besides, its sensing mechanism is elaborated and demonstrated from microscale. Furthermore, it is applied to detect the velocity and direction of airflow through a 3D layout decoration of sensors and integrated into monitoring the leak location in a sealed reaction device. The combination of mild high‐throughput preparation and high sensing performance of SCFN airflow sensor shows significant potentials in electronic skin or wearable electronics filed.
Pomegranate‐Inspired Graphene Parcel Enables High‐Performance Dendrite‐Free Lithium Metal Anodes
Authors: Zhang Long , Ma Tao , Yang Yi‐Wen , Liu Yi‐Fei , Zhou Peng‐Hu , Pan Zhao , Hu Bi‐Cheng , He Chuan‐Xin , Yu Shu‐Hong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractUncontrolled lithium dendrites seriously hinder the commercialization of lithium metal batteries in comparison to the durable lithium‐ion batteries. Herein, inspired by squashy pomegranate structure, a novel loading strategy of metallic lithium (Li) is introduced to construct dendrite‐free Li metal anodes through porous reduced graphene oxide/Au (PRGO/Au) composite microrods (MRs) as unique storage parcels. The abundant internal voids and robust host structure are capable of achieving high mass loading of Li metal and effectively alleviating the conceivable volume change during cycling, accompanied by the preferential selective plating/stripping of Li inside the graphene‐based MRs with the embedded Au nanonuclei. As a result, the obtained PRGO/Au–Li anodes deliver a long‐lifespan stable cycling up to 600 h with a high specific capacity of ≈2140 mA h g–1 and voltage hysteresis as low as 20 mV in the absence of dendrites. The assembled full cells exhibit excellent rate capability and cycling stability. This work provides an alternative strategy to construct advanced high‐energy‐density lithium batteries via the unique 1D bioinspired graphene‐based packaging strategy.
Carbon fluxes from a spring wheat–corn–soybean crop rotation under no‐tillage management
Authors: Liebig Mark A. , Saliendra Nicanor Z. , Archer David W. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe increase in corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] production in rainfed cropping systems of the northern Great Plains (NGP) has altered the delivery of ecosystem services from agricultural land. To date, there is limited understanding about how these crops affect the carbon (C) balance of cropping systems in the region when included in a short rotation window. This study sought to quantify C balance of a spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–corn—soybean rotation under no‐tillage management using eddy covariance (EC) techniques. Paired field sites with the same soil type near Mandan, ND, were used for the study. Annual net ecosystem production (NEP) by crop was –34, 120, and 7 g C m–2 y–1 for spring wheat, corn, and soybean, respectively. Carbon removed in grain over the rotation was less than a third of C lost by ecosystem respiration (ER) (210 vs. 674 g C m–2 y–1). After accounting for grain C removal, net ecosystem carbon balance (NECB) was –164, –253, and –121 g m–2 y–1 for spring wheat, corn, and soybean, respectively, with a mean NECB of –179 ± 39 g C m–2 y–1 (P = .043; t test for difference from zero), implying the rotation was a net C source. Time associated with active crop growth each year was 27% for spring wheat, 41% for corn, and 28% for soybean. Management strategies that lengthen the period of biomass growth may mitigate C loss from spring wheat–corn–soybean rotations in the NGP.