bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive evaluation of file systems robustness with SPIN model checking
Authors: Yuan Jingcheng , Aoki Toshiaki , Guo Xiaoyun 
Published: July 2022

SummaryIn existing computer systems, file systems are indispensable for organizing user data and system codes. However, several studies have reported certain file system errors that cause significant data loss or system crashes. Most of these errors are due to external failures, such as an unexpected power outage. However, comprehensively evaluating file system robustness to detect these errors is challenging. The various types of file systems use different data structures and algorithms for various applications. Moreover, file system errors may be triggered by an unpredictable external condition. In addition, a file system works in an operating system's kernel layer as a passive module and runs in a multi‐thread mode, which makes file system testing time‐intensive. Furthermore, the large number of states in file systems leads to greedy checking, which results in a state explosion. In this study, we comprehensively evaluated the robustness expected in multiple properties of file systems using a model checking approach. The evaluation covered the majority of the mainstream file system types and included both single‐thread and multi‐thread modes. We developed Promela models that abstracted the real file systems and subsequently checked them using a SPIN model checker. Our model was optimized to avoid state explosion during model checking. Using the model checking, we successfully detected corner‐case errors during an unexpected power outage. By analysing counterexamples generated by model checking, we determined an improved file system model capable of preventing errors in most mainstream file system types. Finally, we rechecked the improved file system model and verified the absence of all critical errors.
Multiple Azoarenes Based Systems – Photoswitching, Supramolecular Chemistry and Application Prospects
Authors: Kumar Pravesh , Gupta Debapriya , Grewal Surbhi , Srivastava Anjali , Kumar Gaur Ankit , Venkataramani Sugumar 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn the recent decades, the investigations on photoresponsive molecular systems with multiple azoarenes are quite popular in diverse perspectives ranging from fundamental understanding of multiple photoswitches, supramolecular chemistry, and various application prospects. In fact, several insightful and conceptual designs of such systems were investigated with architectural distinctions. In particular, the demonstration of applications such as data storage with the help of multistate or orthogonal photoswitches, light modulation of catalysis via cooperative switching, sensors using supramolecular host‐guest interactions, and materials such as liquid crystals, grating, actuators, etc. are some of the milestones in this area. Herein, we cover the recent advancements in the research areas of multiazoarenes containing systems that have been classified into Type‐1 {linear, non‐linear, and core‐based (A)}, Type‐2 {tripodalC3‐symmetric (C3)} and Type‐3 {macrocyclic (M)} structural motifs.
Surveying UK sheep farmers’ vaccination techniques and the impact of vaccination training
Authors: Hall Lauren E. , Reilly Beth , Blackie Nicola 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundVaccines are commonly used in sheep farming. However, compliance with vaccination protocols and subsequent suboptimal vaccination techniques are concerns in the industry.MethodsAn online survey containing 31 questions encompassing vaccination storage, technique and training was distributed to UK sheep farmers. Respondents were asked to mark on a sheep diagram where they would administer intramuscular (IM), intradermal, and subcutaneous (SC) vaccines.ResultsOf 370 respondents, only 26.1% identified the correct location for SC, 38.0% for intradermal, and 7.7% for IM vaccination. Almost half (45.5%) stored their vaccines in a fridge specific to veterinary medicines, only 33.9% used a temperature logger, and 6.4% checked their fridge temperature daily. Almost half (45.5%) kept their vaccines 48 hours or longer after broaching, and 11.1% kept them until the next time. Significantly more respondents who had received training correctly identified the location for IM vaccination (p < 0.01). However, training had no significant influence on the the correct identification of the other vaccination sites, vaccine storage or administration.ConclusionSuboptimal vaccination techniques are not due to unwillingness to learn; 83.8% responded that they would consider taking a course to improve their use. However, the majority (73.9%) were unaware of the training courses available. Therefore, the industry needs to respond and promote courses.
IDS as a Foundation for Open Data Ecosystems
Authors: Kirstein Fabian , Bohlen Vincent 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOpen data is a popular and flourishing concept. The availability of open and structured data is the foundation of new business models, citizen engagement, and scientific research. However, open data still faces many issues to unfold its full potential, including usability, quality, legal, privacy, strategic, and technical barriers. In addition, the public sector remains its main provider, while industry stakeholders are still reluctant to participate in open data ecosystems. In this article, we present an architecture to overcome these drawbacks by utilizing the concepts, specifications, and technologies provided by International Data Spaces. We developed a prototype to demonstrate and evaluate the practical adoption of our architecture. Our work shows that IDS can act a vital foundation for open data ecosystems. The presented solution is available as open source software.
Defining Platform Research Infrastructure as a Service (PRIaaS) for Future Scientific Data Infrastructure
Authors: Demchenko Yuri , de Laat Cees , Los Wouter , Gommans Leon 
Published: July 2022

AbstractModern science increasingly works with large amount of data, which are heterogeneous, are distributed, and require special infrastructure for data collection, storage, processing, and visualization. Science digitalization, likewise industry digitalization, is facilitated by the explosive development of digital technologies and cloud-based infrastructure technologies and services. This paper attempts to understand impact and new requirements to the future Scientific Data Infrastructure imposed by growing science digitalization. The paper presents two lines of analysis: one is a retrospective analysis related to the European Research Infrastructure (RI) development stages and timeline from centralized to distributed and current Federated Interoperable; another line provided analysis of digital technology trends and identified what technologies will impact the future Scientific Data Infrastructure (SDI). Based on this analysis, the paper proposes a vision for the future RI Platform as a Service (PRIaaS) that incorporates recent digital technologies and enables platform and ecosystem model for future science. Notably the proposed PRIaaS adopts TMForum Digital Platform Reference Architecture (DPRA) that will simplify building and federating domain-specific RIs while focusing on the domain-specific data value chain with data protection and policy-based management by design.
Agricultural Data Space
Authors: Kalmar Ralf , Rauch Bernd , Dörr Jörg , Liggesmeyer Peter 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe digital transformation strongly affects the agricultural domain. Still, there is a lot of potential for optimization in many work and business processes. In the current agricultural digital ecosystem, numerous isolated, often non-interoperable solutions exist. In this chapter, we motivate the need and added value of an “Agricultural Data Space” (ADS for short). We outline an ADS concept, which resulted mainly from the Fraunhofer lighthouse project “Cognitive Agriculture” (COGNAC) and describe the necessary prerequisites and technical solution approaches. Complemented by the possibilities of a transparent and open marketplace for data, digital products, and software services, such a data space would address many of the existing obstacles to widespread acceptance and take-up of digital technologies. Overall, an ADS as part of an extended digital ecosystem will significantly advance digitalization in agriculture. In the end, we provide application scenarios for which an agricultural data space can add value.
Mobility Data Space
Authors: Pretzsch Sebastian , Drees Holger , Rittershaus Lutz 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTo successfully support decision-making or even automatically make decisions of their own, intelligent transport and mobility systems require large amounts of data. Although multitudes of mobility data are already being collected today, the comprehensive processing and exploitation of this data have often been impossible due to technical, legal, or economic reasons. With Mobility Data Space, an open data space is now being created which offers access to real-time traffic data and sensitive mobility data beyond their secure exchange and which links existing data platforms to each other. In the future, it will thus be possible to provide comprehensive mobility data on a national level.Based on a decentralized system architecture developed by the International Data Spaces Association e. V., the Mobility Data Space offers an ecosystem in which data providers can specify and control the conditions under which their data can be used by third parties. This approach creates data sovereignty as well as trust, and data users can be sure about data origin and quality. By integrating data from the public and private sector via regional and national platforms, the Mobility Data Space will become a digital distribution channel for data-driven business models, providing entirely new options of data acquisition, linking, and exploitation.Whether data provider, user, developer, or end user—the Mobility Data Space takes all acting parties into consideration and offers:

Data sovereignty and security along the value chain

Standardized access to data from both public and private sources

Space for the emergence of new business models, distribution channels and services, as well as a larger selection of innovative mobility services and applications
Data Spaces: First Applications in Mobility and Industry
Authors: Schlueter Langdon Christoph , Schweichhart Karsten 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTraditional approaches to handling of data are becoming outdated. On the one hand, data storage is already costly today, and tomorrow’s growth will create a serious cost problem. On the other hand, certain advanced analytics applications require more data than many companies can hope to collet themselves. Therefore, a more federated system with just-in-time data and data sharing seems rational. Unfortunately, many companies worry about data sharing. They are concerned about a loss of data sovereignty, the right to have control over one’s data. Once a file is sent, anything could happen to it. This is where the International Data Spaces (IDS) standard comes in to enable a setting that can ensure data sovereignty in theory. To find out in practice, Deutsche Telekom has incorporated IDS technology into solutions and applied them in the automotive business and in industry. We report about first findings from real-world applications.
Data Space Functionality
Authors: Lycklama Douwe 
Published: July 2022

AbstractData spaces, simply put, are a functionality for users. They allow users to control their data while sharing it with others. This functionality is what makes data spaces so powerful. They allow data to be shared multilaterally. Those who join a data space can reach many others who have also signed up. At the same time, however, data spaces participants must also consider some aspects. On the one hand, companies have to make business considerations, as participation should, for example, lead to higher revenues, lower costs or better services. On the other hand, decisions must be made regarding measures and technologies for how data sovereignty is implemented in the data space, as this is a central functionality for data sharing. This article provides an overview of possible ways to implement data spaces, the business considerations and a practical approach using the iSHARE trust system.
The IDS Information Model: A Semantic Vocabulary for Sovereign Data Exchange
Authors: Lange Christoph , Langkau Jörg , Bader Sebastian 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe Information Model of the International Data Spaces (IDS-IM) is the central integration enabler for the semantic interoperability in any IDS ecosystem. It contains the terms and relationships to describe the IDS components, their interactions, and conditions under which data exchange and usage is possible. It thus presents the common denominator for the IDS and the foundation for any IDS communication. As such, its evolution cycles are deeply related with the maturity process of the IDS itself. This chapter makes the following contributions related to the IDS Information Model: a brief overview of the vocabulary, its guiding principles, and general features is supplied. Based on these explanations, several upcoming aspects are discussed that reflect the latest state of discussions about the declaration and cryptographic assurance of identities and decentralized identifiers, and how these need to be treated to ensure compliance with the IDS principles.In addition, we explain the latest developments around the IDS Usage Contract Language, the module of the IDS-IM that expresses Usage Contracts, and data restrictions. These definitions are further implemented with infrastructure components, in particular the presented, newly specified Policy Information Point and the Participant Information Service of the IDS.
Data Usage Control
Authors: Jung Christian , Dörr Jörg 
Published: July 2022

AbstractData-driven business models are based on sharing and exchanging data. However, to establish a trustworthy and secure data exchange between different organizations, we have to tackle several challenges. Data sovereignty, for instance, is an essential prerequisite to empower data-driven business models across different organizations. The International Data Spaces provide solutions for data sovereignty to implement a secure and trustworthy data economy.In this chapter, we focus on data usage control and data provenance as building blocks to solve data sovereignty challenges. We introduce concepts and technology for realizing usage control and describe the differences between usage control and access control as well as other related concepts such as digital rights management or user managed access. We present the implementation of data sovereignty in the International Data Spaces starting from the formalization of data usage restrictions as policies (i.e., the policy specification) to the technical compliance and adherence of the data usage restrictions (i.e., the policy enforcement). In doing so, we present the transformation of data usage restrictions to machine-readable policies that can be enforced by the systems. Different technologies, such as the MY DATA Control Technologies can be used to implement the enforcement of data sovereignty in a technical manner and discuss future expansion stages of implementing data sovereignty.
Emotions (Jeong 情) in Korean Confucianism and Family Experience: An Ecofeminist Perspective
Authors: Oh Jea Sophia 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis chapter reimagines the dynamics between Korean Confucianism and family and rediscovers constructive meanings and functions of jeong. Introducing the Korean concept of jeong and its related concepts of uri (we/us) and han (resentments), this chapter analyzes multiple degrees of jeong as more than gendered emotions but transformative affects to bring compassions and care for others despite its destructiveness and dangers. As the subject of life, Korean women in traditional Confucian families have thrived through han by dealing with salim (enlivening). This study suggests a holistic eco-family beyond biological ties and anthropocentrism for which jeong is a crucial element.
Jeong (情), Civility, and the Heart of a Pluralistic Democracy in Korea
Authors: Lee Hyo-Dong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis chapter seeks to reinterpret the Neo-Confucian concept of emotions (情jeong/qing) as a core political notion of what might be called Confucian democracy within the traditionally Confucian context of South Korea. Grounded in the tradition of Korean Neo-Confucianli-kimetaphysics and envisaged as a kind of critically affectionate solidarity that holds together diverse groups of people, this political interpretation ofjeongattempts to lay the basis for imagining a thriving pluralistic democracy sustained by a public culture of civility—that is, a public culture grounded in Confucian habits and mores and yet pluralistic in ethos.
Hanmaeum, One Heart-mind: A Korean Buddhist Philosophical Basis of Jeong (情)
Authors: Jee Lucy Hyekyung 
Published: July 2022

AbstractKorean people share a cultural emotion called jeong (정 情), which generally means intimacy or love. The Korean word jeong literally means “emotions” or “feelings” but also refers to complicated but intimate feelings that are influenced by various Korean philosophical traditions. Buddhism offers the crucial foundation of the Korean concept jeong with the notion of hanmaum (한마음), an indigenous Korean words for “one mind (or heart-mind) (ilsim 일심 一心).” Hanmaum supports the idea of interconnectedness among people; jeong is deeply rooted in this notion. This chapter explores it in the thought of Wonhyo (元曉; 617–686) and Daehaeng (1927–2012).
Anomaly-free axion dark matter in three Higgs doublet model and its phenomenological implications
Authors: Sakurai Kodai , Takahashi Fuminobu 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We study phenomenological implications of an axion that arises as a pseudo Nambu-Goldstone boson due to the spontaneous breaking of anomaly-free global flavor symmetry. One interesting possibility for such anomaly-free axion to explain dark matter (DM) is when it has a mass of order keV and an intermediate scale decay constant, since it can be explored through direct search experiments, X-ray observations, various stellar cooling processes, and the misalignment mechanism naturally explains the DM abundance. As a concrete renormalizable model of such axion, we consider an extended Higgs sector with global flavor symmetry, which consists of three Higgs doublet fields and three singlet Higgs fields with U(1)B−L charges. We identify viable parameter regions that satisfy theoretical bounds on the Higgs potential and various experimental limits on this model, and evaluate the mass spectra of the axion and extra Higgs bosons. We find that even an anomaly-free axion can generally couple to photons through mixing with CP-odd Higgs, and that its strength depends on the vacuum expectation values of the Higgs doublets as well as the axion mass. As a result, the ratios of the vacuum expectation values of the Higgs doublets are tightly constrained to satisfy the X-ray constraints. We show the favored parameter region where axion DM explains the XENON1T excess. We also demonstrate that the axion-electron coupling is correlated with the extra Higgs boson masses and mixing angles for CP-even Higgs bosons. Thus, if the axion is detected in future observations, the extra Higgs boson masses and the coupling of the standard model-like Higgs boson with the weak gauge bosons are restricted. This is a good example of the synergy between searches for the axion DM and the BSM around the electroweak scale.
On a multiplicative distribution of functions in complex plane
Authors: Bartoszek Bartosz , Długosz Renata 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn the paper there are two kinds of functional symmetry considered, i.e., (1)-power symmetry and $$(-1)$$

(
-
1
)

-power symmetry, in a rich subfamily $$\mathcal {B}$$
B
of the family of all complex valued functions on a symmetric set $$\mathcal {G}\subset \mathbb {C}$$

G
⊂
C

. The first one defines the values $$f(-z)$$

f
(
-
z
)

as identical with f(z) and the other as the inverse of the f(z) in $$\mathcal {G}$$
G
. The announced notions allow a unique decomposition of functions $$f\in \mathcal {B}$$

f
∈
B

into a product of two factors $$f_{1},f_{-1}$$

f
1

,

f

-
1

having the (1)- and the $$(-1)$$

(
-
1
)

-power symmetry property, respectively. In the paper there are also given examples of such partitions $$f=f_{1}\cdot f_{-1}$$

f
=

f
1

·

f

-
1

, for various $$f\in \mathcal {B},$$

f
∈
B
,

a solution of the problem of invariance of the above functional symmetries with respect to some one- and two-argument function operations and two applications of the mentioned function decomposition.
TRPM7 restrains plasmin activity and promotes transforming growth factor-β1 signaling in primary human lung fibroblasts
Authors: Zeitlmayr Sarah , Zierler Susanna , Staab-Weijnitz Claudia A. , Dietrich Alexander , Geiger Fabienne , Horgen F. David , Gudermann Thomas , Breit Andreas 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSustained exposure of the lung to various environmental or occupational toxins may eventually lead to pulmonary fibrosis, a devastating disease with no cure. Pulmonary fibrosis is characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins such as fibronectin and collagens. The peptidase plasmin degrades the ECM, but protein levels of the plasmin activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) are increased in fibrotic lung tissue, thereby dampening plasmin activity. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-induced activation of SMAD transcription factors promotes ECM deposition by enhancing collagen, fibronectin and PAI-1 levels in pulmonary fibroblasts. Hence, counteracting TGF-β1-induced signaling is a promising approach for the therapy of pulmonary fibrosis. Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M Member 7 (TRPM7) supports TGF-β1-promoted SMAD signaling in T-lymphocytes and the progression of fibrosis in kidney and heart. Thus, we investigated possible effects of TRPM7 on plasmin activity, ECM levels and TGF-β1 signaling in primary human pulmonary fibroblasts (pHPF). We found that two structurally unrelated TRPM7 blockers enhanced plasmin activity and reduced fibronectin or PAI-1 protein levels in pHPF under basal conditions. Further, TRPM7 blockade strongly inhibited fibronectin and collagen deposition induced by sustained TGF-β1 stimulation. In line with these data, inhibition of TRPM7 activity diminished TGF-β1-triggered phosphorylation of SMAD-2, SMAD-3/4-dependent reporter activation and PAI-1 mRNA levels. Overall, we uncover TRPM7 as a novel supporter of TGF-β1 signaling in pHPF and propose TRPM7 blockers as new candidates to control excessive ECM levels under pathophysiological conditions conducive to pulmonary fibrosis.