bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A common IL‐4 receptor variant promotes asthma severity via a Treg cell GRB2‐IL‐6‐Notch4 circuit
Authors: Benamar Mehdi , Harb Hani , Chen Qian , Wang Muyun , Chan Tsz Man Fion , Fong Jason , Phipatanakul Wanda , Cunningham Amparito , Ertem Deniz , Petty Carter R. , Mousavi Amirhosein J. , Sioutas Constantinos , Crestani Elena , Chatila Talal A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe mechanisms by which genetic and environmental factors interact to promote asthma remain unclear. Both the IL‐4 receptor alpha chain R576 (IL‐4RαR576) variant and Notch4 license asthmatic lung inflammation by allergens and ambient pollutant particles by subverting lung regulatory T (Treg) cells in an IL‐6‐dependent manner.ObjectiveWe examined the interaction between IL‐4RαR576 and Notch4 in promoting asthmatic inflammation.MethodsPeripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of asthmatics were analyzed for T helper type 2 cytokine production and Notch4 expression on Treg cells as a function of IL4RR576 allele. The capacity of IL‐4RαR576 to upregulate Notch4 expression on Treg cells to promote severe allergic airway inflammation was further analyzed in genetic mouse models.ResultsAsthmatics carrying the IL4RR576 allele had increased Notch4 expression on their circulating Treg cells as a function of disease severity and serum IL‐6. Mice harboring the Il4raR576 allele exhibited increased Notch4‐dependent allergic airway inflammation that was inhibited upon Treg cell‐specific Notch4 deletion or treatment with an anti‐Notch4 antibody. Signaling via IL‐4RαR576 upregulated the expression in lung Treg cells of Notch4 and its downstream mediators Yap1 and beta‐catenin, leading to exacerbated lung inflammation. This upregulation was dependent on growth factor receptor‐bound protein 2 (GRB2) and IL‐6 receptor.ConclusionThese results identify an IL‐4RαR576‐regulated GRB2‐IL‐6‐Notch4 circuit that promotes asthma severity by subverting lung Treg cell function.
Early results from implementation of a ‘watch and wait’ protocol for complete clinical response following chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer
Authors: Balasuriya Hasitha D. , Timon Charles , Entriken Fiona , Neely David , Herron John , Tang Colin , Van Hazel Guy , Warner Michael W. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundNeoadjuvant long course chemoradiotherapy (NLCRT) for rectal cancer can result in complete pathological response (pCR). In 2017, we started offering patients who had a complete clinical response (cCR), a choice between total mesorectal excision (TME) and an intensive surveillance or ‘watch and wait’ (W&W) program. We report the early outcomes of this prospective study.MethodsAll patients undergoing NLCRT from 2017 to 2019 were included. All patients were restaged at 8 weeks, and those who had a cCR were offered TME or W&W.ResultsOf 59 patients who underwent NLCRT, 55 had restaging. Eleven of these patients had a cCR (20%). Three chose to have TME and all had a pCR. Eight were enrolled in W&W. Two patients were diagnosed with local regrowth and underwent TME at 7 and 17 months after NLCRT.A further nine patients, who were surgically unfit or refused TME, and had an excellent response to NLCRT, but one that did not reach criteria for a cCR, were also managed with W&W. Of these, two patients developed regrowth with distant metastases.From 2017 to 2019, of the 17 patients who were managed with a W&W approach, 13 patients have remained regrowth free after a median of 28 (13–58) months of W&W.ConclusionPreliminary findings suggest management with W&W, following cCR, may be a safe alternative to TME. There have so far been no instances of distant failure, and those with cCR that had regrowth, were identified early and successfully managed with salvage TME.
Planned cesarean section vs planned vaginal delivery among women without formal medical indication for planned cesarean section: A retrospective cohort study of maternal short‐term complications
Authors: Dahlquist Karin , Stuart Andrea , Källén Karin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionRates of delivery by cesarean section have gradually risen in many parts of the world, and it is regarded as a safe surgical procedure with expanded indications. We assessed maternal complications within 6 weeks postpartum after planned cesarean section and after planned vaginal delivery among patients without medical indication for cesarean section.Material and methodsThis was a retrospective cohort study based on Swedish national registers and included 714 326 deliveries from 2008 to 2017. The study group consisted of cephalic, singleton, term pregnancies and excluded those with previous cesarean or pregnancy conditions that would qualify for cesarean section. We compared the risks of short‐term complications between planned cesarean section and planned vaginal delivery. We obtained adjusted risk ratios (ARRs) using modified Poisson regression models adjusting for maternal age, parity, body mass index, smoking, country of birth, and county.ResultsThe outcomes studied were infections and thromboembolism. In the planned cesarean section group (n = 22 855), 15% had a postpartum infection compared with 10% in the planned vaginal group (n = 691 471) (ARR 1.6; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.5–1.6), and 0.08% vs 0.05% had a postpartum pulmonary embolism (ARR 1.7; 95% CI 1.0–2.6). The obtained risk estimates corresponded to “number needed to harm” estimates of 17 and 3448, respectively. When dividing the infections into subgroups, the risk of endometritis (ARR 1.2; 95% CI 1.1–1.3), wound infection (ARR 2.7; 95% CI 2.4–3.0), urinary tract infection (ARR 1.5; 95% CI 1.3–1.7), and mastitis (ARR 2.0; 1.9–2.2) was higher after planned cesarean section.ConclusionsAmong patients without medical indication for planned cesarean section, the risks of short‐term maternal complications were higher with planned cesarean section than with planned vaginal delivery.
Bankruptcy voting process and corporate reorganization
Authors: Stef Nicolae 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study investigates the main legal determinants of corporate reorganization use. Three legal aspects of bankruptcy voting process were examined, such as the voting right of secured creditors (1), bankruptcy voting rule (2), and court's legal right to overrule creditors’ decision (3). Using a sample of 20 countries, our estimations confirm that granting a voting right to secured lenders tends to be associated with more corporate reorganizations. Secured creditors’ voting right may send a signal about firm's capacity to recover from financial distress. Such signal can encourage unsecured creditors to support the reorganization plan.
Regional assessment of gravity‐driven deformation offshore Namibia (West Africa)—Styles, distribution and controlling factors
Authors: Scarselli Nicola , McClay Ken , Elders Chris 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a semi‐quantitative analysis of gravity‐driven deformation along the Namibian margin using extensive 2D depth converted seismic data. The geometries, internal characters and distribution of gravity‐driven systems were investigated through regional and detailed seismic studies. The research shows that surficial slumps are typically ca. 50 m thick and are characterised by contorted seismic facies commonly occurring along the slopes of the margin. They commonly funnel and cluster within high relief areas such as canyons and pre‐existing landslide scars. These contrast with coherent slides that are up to 2 km thick which extend laterally along the margin for tens to hundreds of kilometres. Slides preferentially occur in the proximal part of the margin and are constrained within the main margin depocenters. Here, high sedimentation rates and loading promote the generation of distinct, weak, overpressured layers that favour initiation of sliding of relatively coherent sediment masses. This research also shows that one‐third of volume of the post‐rift sediments on the Namibian margin were affected by slides and slumps. This demonstrates that gravity‐driven deformation is a key geological process that can strongly modify the evolution of rifted passive margins.
Physical modelling of the interplay between salt‐detached gravity gliding and spreading across complex rift topography, Santos Basin, offshore Brazil
Authors: Pichel Leonardo M. , Ferrer Oriol , Jackson Christopher A.‐L. , Roca Eduard 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe Santos Basin, offshore Brazil contains a complex set of salt‐tectonic structures, the origins of which are debated, that is, the Albian Gap and the São Paulo Plateau (SPP). The Albian Gap is a ca. 450 km long, 60 km wide feature characterized by a post‐Albian, counter‐regional rollover overlying depleted Aptian salt, and in which the Albian is largely absent. The SPP, located immediately downdip, is defined by a pre‐salt structural high overlain by ca. 2.5 km thick salt. Another prominent feature is the Merluza Graben, a rift‐related depocentre that underlies the southern portion of the Albian Gap and displays significant (3–4 km) base‐salt relief along its main faults. Two competing hypotheses have been proposed to explain the kinematics of these provinces. One invokes post‐Albian extension in the Albian Gap and kinematically‐linked contraction in the SPP. The other invokes post‐Albian salt expulsion in the Albian Gap and salt inflation in the SPP. Recent studies, however, suggest these processes likely alternate in time and space, contributing nearly equally to the evolution of these domains. We apply 3D physical modelling to (i) test this hypothesis; and (ii) to more generally understand how gravity gliding and spreading over three‐dimensionally variable base‐salt relief control regional salt tectonics. The results show a similar salt‐related evolution and structural styles to those proposed in the most recent studies. They also (i) explain the origin of the ca. 25 km wide diapir precursor of the Albian Gap by early salt inflation against base‐salt steps; (ii) show that normal faults with different polarities and rollover types form due to the interplay between gliding and spreading over different base‐salt domains and (iii) provide a mechanism for the origin of strata encased within salt structures. This improves our understanding of the distribution and origin of salt‐related structural styles in worldwide salt basins.
Climatic distribution of tree species in the Atlantic Forest
Authors: Klipel Joice , Bergamin Rodrigo Scarton , Esquivel‐Muelbert Adriane , de Lima Renato A. F. , de Oliveira Alexandre Adalardo , Prado Paulo Inácio , Müller Sandra Cristina 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSpecies under milder climates (e.g., warm and wet) tend to experience lower variability in temperature and rainfall regimes and might occur in narrower climatic ranges than species that tolerate harsher conditions (e.g., cold or dry climates). Thus, tree species that occur under harsh conditions should have a broader climatic range, being a small subset of the flora. Here, we assess the influence of climate on species distribution of 1138 tree species from the Atlantic Forest biodiversity hotspot. We investigate their range (or niche breadth), and the “center of gravity” index (or niche optima), along with gradients of mean annual temperature and climatic water deficit (CWD). We further identified those species associated with conditions on different ends of temperature and moisture gradients. We found a small subset of species occurring under colder temperatures or under drier conditions, and these species had a wider niche breadth. The warm or wet‐affiliated species had narrower ranges along with the temperature and the CWD gradients, respectively. Moreover, species affiliated to warm and those to moister conditions had greater densities near their occurrence limits, thus they may be more susceptible to climate changes. We conclude that global climate changes will affect the incidence and abundance distribution patterns of tree species along this threatened biodiversity hotspot, mainly those with narrow niches and within the limit of its distribution.Abstract in Portuguese is available with online material
Bystanders of ethnic victimization: Do classroom context and teachers' approach matter for how adolescents intend to act?
Authors: Bayram Özdemir Sevgi , Yanagida Takuya , Özdemir Metin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe study examined how adolescents' individual characteristics and class context are related to bystander behaviors in cases of ethnic victimization. The sample included 1065 adolescents in Sweden (Mage = 13.12, SD = 0.42; 55%males). Female adolescents, adolescents of immigrant background, and adolescents with positive attitudes toward immigrants had greater intentions to defend and comfort victimized peers. Positive inter‐ethnic contact norms in class were positively associated with intention to comfort the victim. Teachers' non‐tolerance of ethnic victimization was positively related to adolescents' intentions to ask the perpetrator to stop and talk to teacher. The effects were the same across adolescents with different attitudes toward immigrants. Findings highlight the importance of class context and teachers in fostering adolescents' prosocial and assertive interventions in bias‐based hostile behaviors.
Development of self‐referential effect on memory recollection
Authors: Sweatman Hilary , Lawrence Ross , Chai Xiaoqian J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractInformation learned in relation to oneself is typically better remembered, termed the self‐reference effect (SRE). This study aimed to elucidate the developmental trajectory of the SRE in recollection and source memory from mid‐childhood to young adulthood. In 2018–2019 in Baltimore, Maryland, 136 seven‐ to thirty‐year‐olds (77 female; approximately 80% White, 15% Asian American, 5% Black) viewed objects on one of two backgrounds and answered a self‐referential or semantic question for each. A recognition test probed memory for objects and source details (inherent: question type; peripheral: background image). SRE increased with age for detailed recollection (r = .189), but not familiarity, and extended to inherent source memory. This suggests that self‐referencing promotes richer memory in children and develops into young adulthood.
Children at risk of being recruited for armed conflict, 1990–2020
Authors: Østby Gudrun , Rustad Siri Aas , Haer Roos , Arasmith Andrew 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAlthough armed conflicts and crises affect people of all ages, children are particularly susceptible to the effects of war. One significant consequence of armed conflict that is especially critical for children's well‐being, is when the belligerents use tactics specifically focused on harming children, including child soldier recruitment. Despite the increased attention of policy‐makers, we still lack systematic knowledge of how many children are directly and indirectly at risk of being recruited by state and non‐state actors. In overcoming this gap, we have collected data on the use of children by state and non‐state actors from 2010 onwards. Moreover, we estimate the number of children at risk of recruitment. The results of our mapping and estimation sketch a dark picture. According to our estimates, in 2020, approximately 337 million children (or 14%, or more than one in eight of all children globally) were living in a conflict zone with reported child soldier recruitment—that is less than 50 km from ongoing conflict, which involved at least one actor who has been reported to recruit children. We close the paper by taking stock of the current knowledge on the root causes of child soldiering, and we discuss some policy implications.
Children's lives in an era of school closures: Exploring the implications of COVID‐19 for child labour in Ghana
Authors: Mohammed Abdul‐Rahim 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOn 11 March 2020, the World Health Organisation declared COVID‐19 a global pandemic. Subsequently, governments worldwide implemented strict regimes of lockdowns and school closures to contain the transmission of the virus. Ghana's government on 15 March 2020 also announced a lockdown and closure of schools, lasting up till January 2021. Against this backdrop, the paper examined the implications of school closures on child labour in Ghana. Qualitative data for the study were collected between October 2020 to February 2021 in a small rural community in northern Ghana. Findings from 16 semi‐structured interviews with schoolchildren aged 8–13 years show how school closures have meant that children from contexts of poverty: (a) are driven into child labour as they are either forced to accompany their parents to work on farms or sell foodstuff by the roadside; and thus, ultimately (b) engage in no learning during the lockdown period.
Dental implants in patients with head and neck cancer—A systematic review and meta‐analysis of the influence of radiotherapy on implant survival
Authors: Schiegnitz Eik , Reinicke Katrin , Sagheb Keyvan , König Jochem , Al‐Nawas Bilal , Grötz Knut A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this meta‐analysis was to compare implant survival in irradiated and non‐irradiated bone and to investigate potential risk factors for implant therapy in oral cancer patients.Material and methodsAn extensive search in the electronic databases of the National Library of Medicine was performed. Systematic review and meta‐analysis were conducted according to PRISMA statement. The meta‐analysis was performed for studies with a mean follow‐up of at least three and five years, respectively.ResultsThe systematic review resulted in a mean overall implant survival of 87.8% (34%–100%). The meta‐analysis revealed a significantly higher rate of implant failure in irradiated bone compared to non‐irradiated bone (p < .00001, OR 1.97, CI [1.63, 2.37]). The studies also showed that implants placed into irradiated grafted bone were more likely to fail than those in irradiated native bone (p < .0001, OR 2.26, CI [1.50, 3.40]).ConclusionEven though overall implant survival was high, radiotherapy proves to be a significant risk factor for implant loss. Augmentation procedures may also increase the risk of an adverse outcome, especially in combination with radiotherapy.Clinical relevanceThe treatment of patients receiving radiotherapy of any form requires precise individual planning and a close aftercare. Implants should be placed in local bone rather than in bone grafts, if possible.
Horseradish peroxidase‐mediated polyethylene glycol‐templated polymerisation of gallic acid and pyrrole to improve the functionalisation and dyeing properties of silk fabrics
Authors: Baek Na‐won , Wang Dan , Zhang Xun , Wang Jie , Fan Xue‐rong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSilk fabrics treated with gallic acid/pyrrole (PGA/PPy) complexes polymerised using horseradish peroxidase have higher electrochemical activity than silk fabrics dyed with gallic acid alone. However, the degree of polymerisation decreases. As a result, the ultraviolet (UV) protection and fastness of the silk fabric were lowered. To solve this problem, we studied the degree of polymerisation of the complex and the functionality of dyed silk fabrics by applying a polyethylene glycol (PEG) template to the enzymatic polymerisation of PGA/PPy. The polymerisation mechanism of the complexes was analysed in detail using UV‐visible spectroscopy, Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and high‐performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (HPLC‐ESI‐MS). Consequently, the PGA/PPy/PEG complex has a higher degree of polymerisation than the PGA/PPy prepared without PEG, indicating that the PEG template can promote the polymerisation of PGA and PPy. As a result, we found that the presence of the PEG template improved the thermal stability and UV protection function of the dyed silk fabric, but did not impair the electrochemical activity of silk fabric. As a result of analysing the colour depth, it exhibited a higher K/S value compared to the dyed silk fabric in the absence of PEG. Additionally, its colour fastness was improved.
Prioritization of public and private land to protect species at risk habitat
Authors: Proctor Caitlyn A. , Schuster Richard , Buxton Rachel T. , Bennett Joseph R. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractConservation budgets are limited, requiring strategic prioritization among actions to efficiently protect species. Systematic prioritization approaches typically determine locations for conservation that most effectively balance species protection with cost. Proxies for cost are frequently used in prioritizing land for protection. Here, we combine financial cost estimates for private land acquisition and species habitat models into a spatial prioritization to explore cost‐effective habitat protection, using a case study of species at risk in Ontario, Canada. Our findings suggest a key trade‐off, whereby protecting the areas with the greatest concentration of species at risk may not be the best strategy for protecting these species. Instead, protecting species at risk may be most cost effective in areas where species‐at‐risk richness is still relatively high, but land costs are relatively low, such as in central Ontario. However, the budget required to adequately protect species at risk through land purchase would be much larger than is currently available for conservation efforts, even if public lands are preferentially protected. Therefore, to effectively protect all species at risk in Ontario, we recommend the use of alternative conservation measures, such as easements and incentives for restoration on private land, to supplement already protected areas.
Primary cutaneous gamma‐delta T‐cell lymphoma masquerading as leukemia cutis in a patient recently diagnosed with small lymphocytic lymphoma: Clues to the diagnosis
Authors: Haghayeghi Koorosh , Patel Dhrumil , Rice Shauna M. , Davis Michael J. , Hayes Christi Ann , Kaur Prabhjot , Lansigan Frederick , Carter Joi B. , LeBlanc Robert E. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA 54‐year‐old man recently diagnosed with small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) had waxing and waning, indurated, erythematous plaques on his legs, with leukopenia and anemia disproportionate to the SLL burden in his marrow and pelvic lymph nodes. Punch biopsy of a plaque performed to evaluate for leukemia cutis revealed a lymphocytic lobular‐panniculitis‐like infiltrate resembling lupus panniculitis, but a preponderance of CD8+/Ki‐67+ T‐cells surrounding adipocytes raised concern for subcutaneous panniculitis‐like T‐cell lymphoma (SPTCL). Additional immunohistochemistry (IHC) studies showed that the adipotropic T‐cells expressed TCR‐gamma, supporting the rare, unexpected diagnosis of Primary cutaneous gamma‐delta T‐cell lymphoma (PCGDTCL). The patient subsequently met diagnostic criteria for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). PCGDTCL is an aggressive, HLH‐associated lymphoma requiring different management than SPTCL and SLL. This case illustrates how PCGDTCL can co‐exist with B‐cell lymphoma and resemble panniculitis on biopsies. PCGDTCL and SPTCL should enter the differential diagnosis whenever patients present with the constellation of lobular panniculitis and unexplained cytopenias. In the present case, close clinicopathologic correlation and judicious use of IHC on a small sample allowed for a prompt diagnosis.