bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strategies to build more effective interventions for elder abuse: a focus group study of nursing and social work professionals in Hong Kong
Authors: Yan Elsie , To Louis , Wan Debby , Xie Xiaojing , Wong Frances , Shum David 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
One in six older adults living in communities experience abuse and neglect. Elder abuse has serious consequences for individuals, families, and society, including mortality, physical and psychological morbidities, and increased care requirements. Timely and effective interventions for elder abuse should therefore be a priority. This study used a qualitative focus group approach to address the following questions: What are the essential elements of elder abuse interventions? What can be done to improve current interventions?

Method
The 32 participants in this focus group study included social workers, medical social workers, and nurses from seven organizations who shared their knowledge and insights. All sessions were conducted online, audio-recorded, and transcribed verbatim. Three researchers with backgrounds in social work and psychology independently coded the transcripts and agreed on the themes emerging from the focus groups.

Results
Based on the experiences of frontline helping professionals in Hong Kong, we highlighted the key factors for effective elder abuse intervention: 1) identification and assessment; 2) essential skills and attitudes; 3) elements of effective interventions; 4) collaborative efforts across disciplines and agencies; and 5) raising awareness among professionals and the public.

Conclusions
Training can equip frontline professionals with the necessary skills to identify elder abuse cases and to assess the risk of abuse. Effective interventions should not only address clients’ safety and need for tangible support but also respect their autonomy and privacy. A client-centered, strength-based approach that involves supportive peers and addresses the complex family relationships involved can be useful. Interventions should also involve cross-discipline and cross-agency collaboration.
Could combined rapid diagnostic testing for malaria and c-reactive protein be helpful for the diagnosis and management of febrile illnesses in children under-5 years of age in rural Burkina Faso?
Authors: Bonko Massa dit Achille , Karama Ibrahima , Kiemde Francois , Lompo Palpouguini , Garba Zakaria , Yougbaré Sibidou , Mens Petra F. , Tinto Halidou , Tahita Marc Christian , Schallig Henk. D. F. H. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Febrile illnesses are among the most important reasons for medical consultation in sub-Saharan Africa and are frequently treated with antimicrobials due to the unavailability of appropriate diagnostic tools. This practice leads to antimicrobial resistance, with increasing mortality and morbidity as result. One of the few accessible diagnostic tools available in low resource settings is malaria rapid diagnostic tests (mRDTs) which contributed to reducing the over-prescription of anti-malarials, but cannot guide antibiotic prescriptions. To circumvent this problem, we explored whether combined testing with mRDT and c-reactive protein (CRP) could improve the diagnosis of febrile illnesses and subsequent prescription of antibiotics.

Methods
Clinical specimens (blood, stool and urine) collected from 396 febrile children (axillary temperature of ≥ 37.5 °C) were analyzed with rapid diagnostic tests (malaria and CRP) and microbiology culture to establish the possible cause of fever. Actual antimicrobial prescriptions given to the children were compared with those that could be given based on combined CRP-malaria testing.

Results
In total, 68.7% (272/396) of malaria cases were diagnosed by mRDT-Pf-HRP-2. CRP test was positive in 84.3% (334/396) of the children, but bacterial infections were confirmed in 12.4% (49/396) of them. A possible cause of fever could not be established in 20.5% (81/396) of cases. Based on the diagnostic practice in place, 265 of the children with a positive mRDT-Pf-HRP-2 received anti-malarial treatment. Furthermore, 89.5% (111/124) of negative mRDT results received antibiotic treatment and 37.1% (46/124) received antimalarial treatment. Of these 124 cases, 80 had positive CRP tests and 44 negative CRP tests. If the results of CRP testing are considered, 44 CRP/mRDT negative children would not get antibiotic treatment, resulting in a 35.5% reduction in antibiotic prescriptions. However, 2 cases with a bacterial infection would be denied appropriate treatment.

Conclusion
Combining mRDT-PfHRP2 with CRP testing is particularly useful in children for whom both tests are negative as it results in a reduction of antibiotics prescriptions. However, there is a risk to miss potential severe bacterial infections and a close follow-up of these cases is strongly recommended.
Exploring human mixing patterns based on time use and social contact data and their implications for infectious disease transmission models
Authors: Hoang Thang Van , Willem Lander , Coletti Pietro , Van Kerckhove Kim , Minnen Joeri , Beutels Philippe , Hens Niel 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
The increasing availability of data on social contact patterns and time use provides invaluable information for studying transmission dynamics of infectious diseases. Social contact data provide information on the interaction of people in a population whereas the value of time use data lies in the quantification of exposure patterns. Both have been used as proxies for transmission risks within in a population and the combination of both sources has led to investigate which contacts are more suitable to describe these transmission risks.

Methods
We used social contact and time use data from 1707 participants from a survey conducted in Flanders, Belgium in 2010–2011. We calculated weighted exposure time and social contact matrices to analyze age- and gender-specific mixing patterns and to quantify behavioral changes by distance from home. We compared the value of both separate and combined data sources for explaining seroprevalence and incidence data on parvovirus-B19, Varicella-Zoster virus (VZV) and influenza like illnesses (ILI), respectively.

Results
Assortative mixing and inter-generational interaction is more pronounced in the exposure matrix due to the high proportion of time spent at home. This pattern is less pronounced in the social contact matrix, which is more impacted by the reported contacts at school and work. The average number of contacts declined with distance. On the individual-level, we observed an increase in the number of contacts and the transmission potential by distance when travelling. We found that both social contact data and time use data provide a good match with the seroprevalence and incidence data at hand. When comparing the use of different combinations of both data sources, we found that the social contact matrix based on close contacts of at least 4 h appeared to be the best proxy for parvovirus-B19 transmission. Social contacts and exposure time were both on their own able to explain VZV seroprevalence data though combining both scored best. Compared with the contact approach, the time use approach provided the better fit to the ILI incidence data.

Conclusions
Our work emphasises the common and complementary value of time use and social contact data for analysing mixing behavior and analysing infectious disease transmission. We derived spatial, temporal, age-, gender- and distance-specific mixing patterns, which are informative for future modelling studies.
The prognostic value of separate lymphatic invasion and vascular invasion in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a meta-analysis and systematic review
Authors: Wang An , Tan Yulong , Wang Shaohua , Chen Xiaofeng 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Lymphovascular invasion (LVI) is a factor correlated with a poor prognosis in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Lymphatic invasion (LI) and vascular invasion (VI) should be reported separately because they may indicate a difference in prognosis. The prognostic role of LI and VI in ESCC patients remains controversial. A meta-analysis was conducted to resolve this question.

Methods
We searched the PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane Library databases for studies on the association between LI and VI and the prognosis of patients with ESCC. The PICOs (Participant, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome) strategy were selected for the systematic review and meta-analysis. The effect size (ES) was the hazard ratio (HR) or relative ratio (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS).

Results
A total of 27 studies with 5740 patients were included. We calculated the pooled results from univariate and multivariate analysis using the Cox proportional hazards method. The heterogeneity was acceptable in OS and RFS. According to the pooled results of multivariate analysis, both LI and VI were correlated with a worse OS. VI was a negative indicator for RFS, while the p value of VI was greater than 0.05. The prognostic role was weakened in subgroup analysis with studies using haematoxylin–eosin staining method.

Conclusions
Both LI and VI were indicators of a worse OS outcome. LI was a more significant indicator in predicting a worse RFS. More larger sample studies with immunohistochemical staining and good designs are required to detect the prognostic value of separate LI and VI in ESCC.
Multidisciplinary ocular and periocular cancers meetings: implementation in a tertiary referral center and analysis over a 12-months period
Authors: Savino Gustavo , Piccinni Fabrizio , Pagliara Monica Maria , Sammarco Maria Grazia , Caputo Carmela Grazia , Moro Alessandro , Barbera Giorgio , Tagliaferri Luca , Fionda Bruno , Schinzari Giovanni , Rossi Ernesto , Zagaria Luca , Peris Ketty , Di Stefani Alessandro , Musarra Teresa , Ausili Cefaro Luca , Martucci Matia , Blasi Maria Antonietta 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The complexity of multimodal approaches in cancer management has lately led to the establishment of multidisciplinary tumor boards (MDTBs) to define targeted, patient-centered treatment strategies. However, few data are available regarding the application of this approach in Ocular Oncology. Hereby, the Authors analyze the implementation and outcomes of a trained MDTB in a tertiary ocular oncology referral center.

Methods
A retrospective descriptive analysis of MDTB meetings discussing patients with ocular and periocular cancers, over a 12-months period, was carried out. Data were grouped by main site involved, topics discussed and final clinical decisions therefore taken. Meetings were held by a constant ‘Core team’ or – when required – by a broader ‘Extended team’.

Results
During the observational period 86 cases were discussed. In 27 patients ocular surface tissues were involved (31%), in 25 patients orbital tissues (29%), in 22 patients eyelids (26%), and in 12 patients intraocular tissues (14%). In 13 cases (15%) naïve or referred new patients, in 34 cases (40%) imaging or histopathologic reports and in 39 cases (45%) treatment plans were discussed. Regarding final decisions, a treatment plan was scheduled in 47 cases (55%) and a diagnostic ascertainment was required in 27 patients (31%); locally advanced and/or systemic diseases were referred or teamed up with other specialists in 12 cases (14%).

Conclusions
Ocular Oncology multidisciplinary team, by sharing expertise of different specialists, ensures a comprehensive evaluation of patients improving the accuracy of diagnosis and staging upon which planning a proper treatment. Further studies are needed to assess if this approach may also improve the outcomes and prognosis of patients.
Evaluation of physical and mental health status of orphan children living in orphanages in Sonitpur district of Assam: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Mahanta Putul , Das Thakuria Kahua , Goswami Pinky , Kalita Chandana , Knower Ranjumoni , Rajbangshi Madhab Chandra , Singh Senjam Gojendra , Basumatary Jagadish , Majumder Plabita 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Orphan children living in orphanages are often neglected. These children's physical and mental health status is essential as they are highly prone to malnourishment and psychosocial distress. We aim to evaluate the orphan children's physical and psychosocial status living in orphanages.

Methods
This study adopted a cross-sectional research design conducted with the children living in the orphanages using a pretested, predesigned schedule. A total of 83 children (aged 5 to 19 years) living in three different orphanages in the Sonitpur District of Assam were randomly selected for the study. Body Mass Index (BMI) for age and height were then determined using WHO standards. Thinness was defined as BMI for age below -2 SD (Standard Deviation) and thinness as height for age below -2 SD. The behavioural and mental status of children aged 10–19 years were evaluated using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ-21) with a cut-off value of SDQ score > 15 as the presence of emotional and behavioural distress.

Results
Almost 50% of orphans were in the age group of 10–14 years, 62.7% were females, and 42.2% had a primary level of education. 52.5% of orphans exhibited severe thinness for < -3 SD. Observed severe thinness more among the 5–9 years and 10–14 years (p-value < 0.05) group and among the male orphans (p-value < 0.05). Of 65 children aged 10–19, 18.5% had behavioural and mental distress. Emotional (32.3%) and poor conduct problems (23%) were observed significantly among male adolescents.

Conclusions
Orphaned children, particularly those living in orphanages, are at risk of malnutrition and experience behavioural and psychosocial problems. Frequent assessments of their physical and mental health are advocated for early detection, prevention, and timely intervention.
Work-related stress and associated factors among garment workers in Bole Lemi Industrial Park of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a multi-center institution-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Birhan Tsegaye Adane , Ambissa Muche , Delele Tadesse Guadu , Dagne Henok 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Work-related stress (WRS) is a growing problem around the world that affects the health and well-being of employees. However, evidence of work-related stress in Ethiopia, particularly among garment industry employees, is scarce. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of work-related stress among garment workers in the Bole Lemi industrial park in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Methods
A multi-center institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted from February 01 to March 31, 2021. A total of 605 study participants were selected using a stratified random sampling technique. A pre-tested, interviewer-administered standardized questionnaire was used to collect data. The logistic regression model was employed to identify determinant factors for work-related stress, and statistical significance was declared at a p-value < 0.05.

Results
The magnitude of work-related stress in garment workers was 44.1% (95% CI: 40.0, 48.0). Being within the age group of 25 - 34 years (AOR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.36, 0.90) and receiving induction training (AOR = 0.35, CI: 0.20, 0.62) were protective factors with stress. Whereas lack of family support (AOR = 2.72, CI: 1.60, 4.64), lack of job satisfaction (AOR = 4.26, CI: 2.77, 6.57), and khat chewing (AOR = 3.14, CI: 1.35, 7.32) were positively associated with work-related stress.

Conclusion
Work-related stress is prevalent among garment workers in the study setting. Being between the ages of 25-34 years and receiving induction training were protective factors against stress, while a lack of family support, a lack of job satisfaction, and khat chewing practices were positively associated with work-related stress. Therefore, improving family support and job satisfaction, providing induction training during employment, and providing psychological support for substance users to bring about changes are mandatory in Bole Lemi Industrial Park, Ethiopia.
Evaluation of a workplace suicide prevention program in the Australian manufacturing industry: protocol for a cluster-randomised trial of MATES in manufacturing
Authors: LaMontagne A. D. , Cox L. L. , Lockwood C. , Mackinnon A. , Hall N. , Brimelow R. , Le L. K.-D. , Mihalopoulos C. , King T. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMales are at higher risk of death by suicide than females in Australia, and among men, blue-collar males are at higher risk compared to other working males. In response, MATES in Construction developed a workplace suicide prevention program for the construction sector in 2007 that has been widely implemented in Australia. In the current project, this program is being adapted and trialled in the manufacturing sector. The common aims of MATES programs are to improve suicide prevention literacy, help-seeking intentions, and helping behaviours. The program will be evaluated using a cluster randomised-controlled trial design with waitlist controls across up to 12 manufacturing worksites in Australia. We hypothesise that after 8 months of the MATES in Manufacturing program, there will be significantly greater improvements in help-seeking intentions (primary outcome) compared to waitlist controls. The project is led by Deakin University in collaboration with the University of Melbourne, and in partnership with MATES in Construction and a joint labour-management Steering Group.Trial registration: The trial was registered retrospectively with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry on 25 January 2022 (ACTRN12622000122752).Protocol version: 2.0, November 2022.
Nutritional status, health risk behaviors, and eating habits are correlated with physical activity and exercise of brazilian older hypertensive adults: a cross-sectional study
Authors: da Silva Leonardo Santos Lopes , de Freitas Batalhão Daniel , dos Santos Carvalho Anderson , Bohn Lucimere , Ramos Nilo César , Abdalla Pedro Pugliesi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Nutritional status, health risk behaviors, eating habits, and other comorbidities (such as diabetes) may be associated with recommended amounts of physical activity (PA) and exercise (EX) in healthy older adults. However, these associations are still unclear for older hypertensive adults, who require greater care from health professionals. The purpose of this study was to associate the nutritional status, health risk behaviors, eating habits, and the presence of diabetes with recommended amounts of physical activity and exercise practice of older hypertensive adults.

Methods
Ten thousand seven hundred eighty-nine older hypertensive adults (70.9 ± 7.4 years) from the VIGITEL telephone survey were classified according to PA levels (insufficiently active/sufficiently active) and EX practice (non-practitioners/practitioners). Binary logistic regression was used to observe the odds ratio (OR) between independent variables (nutritional status [body mass index], sociodemographic characteristics [age/sex/years of study], risk behaviors [screen time/alcohol/tobacco consumption], eating habits [minimally/ultra-processed foods consumption score], and the presence of diabetes) with recommended amounts of PA/EX (dependent variable).

Results
Highest nutritional status (ORPA = 0.975 [95%-CI: 0.965 – 0.985]; OREX = 0.981[95%-CI: 0.972 – 0.991]), age (ORPA = 0.955 [95%-CI: 0.949 – 0.961]; OREX = 0.980[95%-CI: 0.975 – 0.986]), screen time (ORPA = 0.909[95%-CI: 0.835 – 0.990]), alcohol consumption (ORPA = 0.683[95%-CI: 0.621 – 0.758]; OREX = 0.702[95%-CI: 0.637 – 0.779]), tobacco (ORPA = 0.601 [95%-CI: 0.492 – 0.736]; OREX = 0.464[95%-CI: 0.384 – 0.562]) ultra-processed foods consumption score (ORPA = 0.896[95%-CI: 0.871 – 0.921]; OREX = 0.886[95%-CI: 0.863 – 0.909]) and having diabetes (ORPA = 0.780[95%-CI: 0.708 – 0.859]; OREX = 0.831[95%-CI: 0.759 – 0.909]) reduced the odds of being sufficiently active/practicing exercise (p < 0.05). Male sex (ORPA = 1.633[95%-CI: 1.491 – 1.789]; OREX = 1.247[95%-CI: 1.140 – 1.363]), years of study (ORPA = 1.026[95%-CI: 1.018 – 1.035]; OREX = 1.050[95%-CI: 1.041 – 1.058]), and minimally processed foods consumption score increased the odds of being sufficiently active/practicing exercise (ORPA = 1.132[95%-CI: 1.109 – 1.155]; OREX = 1.167[95%-CI: 1.145 – 1.191], respectively; p < 0.05).

Conclusion
Nutritional status, health risk behaviors, eating habits, and the presence of diabetes were associated with the odds of older hypertensive adults complying with PA and EX recommendations. The results may help health professionals understand how these factors are associated with the changes of older hypertensive adults participating in physical activity and exercise.
Effects of COVID-19 related physical inactivity on motor skills in children with intellectual disability
Authors: Sedaghati Parisa , Balayi Esmail , Ahmadabadi Somayeh 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundChildren with intellectual disabilities (ID) may show declines in motor skills during the Covid-19 restrictions. This study compared the effects of physical inactivity due to COVID-19 on the motor skills of active and inactive children with ID.MethodIn this prospective cohort study, 30 boys with ID were divided into two groups based on study inclusion criteria (mean age 10.86 ± 1.81 active, 10.20 ± 1.42 inactive). The BESS test, the Y test, the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, and the Bruininks-Oseretsky test-short form were used.ResultsResults showed a significant difference between active and inactive groups in the total score of gross motor skills (P = 0.001), fine motor skills (P = 0.002), motor skills (P = 0.001), postural control (P = 0.01), and dynamic balance (P = 0.01).ConclusionsThe results showed a significant difference between active and inactive children with ID in terms of gross and fine motor skills after a one-year movement restriction. Therefore, considering the tendency to be sedentary among these people and the subsequent complications caused by this inactivity, including obesity and chronic diseases, it is suggested that parents and educators design practical and numerous exercises and encourage them to be more active and participate in physical activity programs.