bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The importance of X-ray frequency in driving photoevaporative winds
Authors: Sellek Andrew D , Clarke Cathie J , Ercolano Barbara 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
Photoevaporative winds are a promising mechanism for dispersing protoplanetary discs, but so far theoretical models have been unable to agree on the relative roles that the X-ray, extreme ultraviolet or far-ultraviolet play in driving the winds. This has been attributed to a variety of methodological differences between studies, including their approach to radiative transfer and thermal balance, the choice of irradiating spectrum employed, and the processes available to cool the gas. We use the mocassin radiative transfer code to simulate wind heating for a variety of spectra on a static density grid taken from simulations of an EUV-driven wind. We explore the impact of choosing a single representative X-ray frequency on their ability to drive a wind by measuring the maximum heated column as a function of photon energy. We demonstrate that for reasonable luminosities and spectra, the most effective energies are at a few 100 eV, firmly in the softer regions of the X-ray spectrum, while X-rays with energies ∼1000 eV interact too weakly with disc gas to provide sufficient heating to drive a wind. We develop a simple model to explain these findings. We argue that further increases in the cooling above our models – for example due to molecular rovibrational lines – may further restrict the heating to the softer energies but are unlikely to prevent X-ray heated winds from launching entirely; increasing the X-ray luminosity has the opposite effect. The various results of photoevaporative wind models should therefore be understood in terms of the choice of irradiating spectrum.
SN 2019va: a Type IIP Supernova with Large Influence of Nickel-56 Decay on the Plateau-phase Light Curve
Authors: Zhang Xinghan , Wang Xiaofeng , Sai Hanna , Mo Jun , Nagy A P , Zhang Jicheng , Cai Yongzhi , Lin Han , Zhang Jujia , Baron Eddie , DerKacy James M , Zhang Tianmeng , Li Zhitong , Graham Melissa , Huang Fang 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
We present multiband photometric and spectroscopic observations of the type II supernova, (SN) 2019va, which shows an unusually flat plateau-phase evolution in its V-band light curve. Its pseudo-bolometric light curve even shows a weak brightening towards the end of the plateau phase. These uncommon features are related to the influence of 56Ni decay on the light curve during the plateau phase, when the SN emission is usually dominated by cooling of the envelope. The inferred 56Ni mass of SN 2019va is 0.088 ± 0.018 M⊙, which is significantly larger than most SNe II. To estimate the influence of 56Ni decay on the plateau-phase light curve, we calculate the ratio (dubbed as ηNi) between the integrated time-weighted energy from 56Ni decay and that from envelope cooling within the plateau phase, obtaining a value of 0.8 for SN 2019va, which is the second largest value among SNe II that has been measured. After removing the influence of 56Ni decay on the plateau-phase light curve, we found that the progenitor/explosion parameters derived for SN 2019va are more reasonable. In addition, SN 2019va is found to have weaker metal lines in its spectra compared to other SNe IIP at similar epochs, implying a low-metallicity progenitor, which is consistent with the metal-poor environment inferred from the host-galaxy spectrum. We further discuss the possible reasons that might lead to SN 2019va-like events.
Prospects for multimessenger detection of binary neutron star mergers in the fourth LIGO–Virgo–KAGRA observing run
Authors: Patricelli Barbara , Bernardini Maria Grazia , Mapelli Michela , D’Avanzo Paolo , Santoliquido Filippo , Cella Giancarlo , Razzano Massimiliano , Cuoco Elena 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
The joint detection of GW170817 and GRB 170817A opened the era of multimessenger astronomy with gravitational waves (GWs) and provided the first direct probe that at least some binary neutron star (BNS) mergers are progenitors of short gamma-ray bursts (S-GRBs). In the next years, we expect to have more multimessenger detections of BNS mergers, thanks to the increasing sensitivity of GW detectors. Here, we present a comprehensive study on the prospects for joint GW and electromagnetic observations of merging BNSs in the fourth Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO)–Virgo–Kamioka Gravitational Wave Detector (KAGRA) observing run with Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope (Fermi), Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory (Swift), INTErnational Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory (INTEGRAL), and Space Variable Objects Monitor (SVOM). This work combines accurate population synthesis models with simulations of the expected GW signals and the associated S-GRBs, considering different assumptions about the gamma-ray burst (GRB) jet structure. We show that the expected rate of joint GW and electromagnetic detections could be up to ∼6 yr−1 when Fermi/Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) is considered. Future joint observations will help us to better constrain the association between BNS mergers and S-GRBs, as well as the geometry of the GRB jets.
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in the Treatment of Breast Cancer Brain Metastases
Authors: Schlam Ilana , Gatti-Mays Margaret E 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The management of breast cancer brain metastases (BCBM) has historically involved local therapies. However, as novel systemic treatments have become more effective in controlling visceral disease, BCBM have also been better controlled. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have demonstrated efficacy in brain metastases in patients with lung cancer and melanoma and represent a promising option for patients with triple-negative BCBM, a group with limited systemic therapy options. In this review we summarize current data about the role of ICIs in the treatment BCBM. We identified 15 clinical trials that evaluated ICIs ± chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer. The studies were mostly focused on triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Of these trials, 4 excluded patients with BCBM, while 11 allowed patients with stable, treated or asymptomatic BCBM. In total, 2692 patients were enrolled in the identified clinical trials, but only 91 trial patients (3.3%) had BCBM. Furthermore, only 2 of these clinical trials reported BCBM-specific outcomes and none of the clinical trials reported BCBM-specific adverse events. Up to 45% of patients with TNBC will develop BCBM; however, only 3.3% of the patients included in the clinical trials that led to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approvals for ICIs in advanced breast cancer had brain metastases. This review reinforces that efficacy data are greatly needed for patients with BCBM—this is an area of unmet need in oncology. More inclusive clinical trials and real-world data that evaluate the safety and efficacy of ICIs in patients with BCBM are greatly needed.
Surf Scoters use deeper offshore waters during nocturnal resting periods in the Salish Sea of Washington and British Columbia
Authors: Hamilton Lindsey J , Michel Nicole L , Evenson Joseph R , Roberts Dina L 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Diurnally biased monitoring and research dominate our ecological understanding and guide conservation and management decisions regarding important indicator sea duck species, such as Surf Scoters (Melanitta perspicillata). Advances in telemetry technology are improving our ability to track wildlife across the entire 24-hr day. Using location data derived from birds with surgically implanted satellite transmitters and habitat layers within a GIS (geographic information system), we analyzed Surf Scoter location data to (1) estimate movement distances between diurnal and nocturnal sites, (2) assess differences in environmental conditions at diurnal and nocturnal use locations, (3) evaluate the environmental conditions influencing nocturnal habitat selection, and (4) develop a predictive model to estimate likely nocturnal resting areas across the Salish Sea, which is composed of the inland marine waters of British Columbia, Canada, and Washington State. Surf Scoters in the Salish Sea traveled an average of 4,287 m between diurnal and nocturnal habitats, but distances varied regionally. We found that distance to shore, water depth, tidal current, and vessel traffic influenced nocturnal habitat use. Surf Scoter nocturnal use sites were characterized by greater distances from shore and deeper water than diurnal locations, although scoters avoided areas with strong tidal currents and heavy shipping traffic at night. The Salish Sea is experiencing increased ship traffic from multiple U.S. and Canadian ports. Oil tanker and shipping container vessel traffic pose a potential threat to nocturnal scoter flocks aggregating in deeper water adjacent to and sometimes overlapping with shipping lanes in narrow, glacial-carved channels of the Salish Sea. Current oil spill response plans in Washington State waters utilize diurnal distribution data, lacking important nocturnal use data. Our findings provide critical nocturnal habitat use information that can improve oil spill response policy and highlight the importance of elucidating nocturnal ecology for marine vertebrate species.
Debasing Indigenous Statehood: Sovereign Monies, Markets and Imperial Power in the Indian Subcontinent, c.1893–1905
Authors: Balachandran G 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Dense overlapping networks of multiple currencies were a feature of subcontinental commerce and statehood until the twentieth century. Twenty-seven subcontinental states in addition to the Raj issued their own currencies in 1893. Underpinned by a common basis in silver and an extensive market for their bills, they financed trade and circulated in one another’s territories, including British India. By 1905 most currencies had ceased and this sovereign prerogative belonged mainly to the Raj. The suppression of indigenous currency networks by a colonial monetary system presaged a dramatic reconfiguration of native sovereignty and imperial paramountcy. Triggered by silver’s demonetization in British India in 1893, these transformations unfolded amid gold’s elevation as the universal standard and the growth in London’s financial influence. They were cemented by the famines of 1896–1902, which crippled the native states’ finances and accentuated the conflict they faced between famine relief and currency stability. Markets magnified this conflict into a test of sovereign capacity that few states managed to withstand. The consequent redistribution of sovereign capacity between states and markets, and between states according to their ability to control the markets, helped to dematerialize, rearticulate and extend the reach of British power. This subcontinental story of money, markets and indigenous statehood is hence a British imperial story with resonances beyond the empire and its own time.
The Effectiveness of Intraosseous Basivertebral Nerve Radiofrequency Ablation for the Treatment of Vertebrogenic Low Back Pain: An Updated Systematic Review with Single-Arm Meta-analysis
Authors: Conger Aaron , Burnham Taylor R , Clark Tyler , Teramoto Masaru , McCormick Zachary L 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objective
To provide an estimate of the effectiveness of basivertebral nerve (BVN) radiofrequency ablation (RFA) to treat vertebrogenic low back pain (LBP).

Design
Systematic review with single-arm meta-analysis.

Population
Persons ≥18 years of age with chronic LBP associated with type 1 or 2 Modic changes.

Intervention
Intraosseous BVN RFA.

Comparison
Sham, placebo procedure, active standard care treatment, or none.

Outcomes
The proportion of patients treated with BVN RFA who reported ≥50% pain score improvement on a visual analog scale or numeric rating scale. The main secondary outcome was ≥15-point improvement in Oswestry Disability Index score.

Methods
Three reviewers independently assessed articles published before December 6, 2021, in MEDLINE and Embase. The Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) framework was used to evaluate the overall quality of evidence.

Results
Of the 856 unique records screened, 12 publications met the inclusion criteria, representing six unique study populations, with 414 participants allocated to receive BVN RFA. Single-arm meta-analysis showed a success rate of 65% (95% confidence interval [CI] 51–78%) and 64% (95% CI 43–82%) for ≥50% pain relief at 6 and 12 months, respectively. Rates of ≥15-point Oswestry Disability Index score improvement were 75% (95% CI 63–86%) and 75% (95% CI 63–85%) at 6 and 12 months, respectively.

Conclusion
According to GRADE, there is moderate-quality evidence that BVN RFA effectively reduces pain and disability in most patients with vertebrogenic LBP. Further high-quality studies will likely improve our understanding of the effectiveness of this procedure.
A Wake-Up Call Theory of Contagion
Authors: Ahnert Toni , Bertsch Christoph 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We offer a theory of financial contagion based on the information choice of investors after observing a financial crisis elsewhere. We study global coordination games of regime change in two regions linked by an initially unobserved macro shock. A crisis in region 1 is a wake-up call to investors in region 2. It induces them to reassess the regional fundamental and acquire information about the macro shock. Contagion can occur even after investors learn that region 2 has no ex post exposure to region 1. We explore normative and testable implications of the model. In particular, our results rationalize evidence about contagious currency crises and bank runs after wake-up calls and provide some guidance for future empirical work.
Optimization of the TeraTox Assay for Preclinical Teratogenicity Assessment
Authors: Jaklin Manuela , Zhang Jitao David , Schäfer Nicole , Clemann Nicole , Barrow Paul , Küng Erich , Sach-Peltason Lisa , McGinnis Claudia , Leist Marcel , Kustermann Stefan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Current animal-free methods to assess teratogenicity of drugs under development still deliver high numbers of false negatives. To improve the sensitivity of human teratogenicity prediction, we characterized the TeraTox test, a newly developed multilineage differentiation assay using 3D human-induced pluripotent stem cells. TeraTox produces primary output concentration-dependent cytotoxicity and altered gene expression induced by each test compound. These data are fed into an interpretable machine-learning model to perform prediction, which relates to the concentration-dependent human teratogenicity potential of drug candidates. We applied TeraTox to profile 33 approved pharmaceuticals and 12 proprietary drug candidates with known in vivo data. Comparing TeraTox predictions with known human or animal toxicity, we report an accuracy of 69% (specificity: 53%, sensitivity: 79%). TeraTox performed better than 2 quantitative structure-activity relationship models and had a higher sensitivity than the murine embryonic stem cell test (accuracy: 58%, specificity: 76%, and sensitivity: 46%) run in the same laboratory. The overall prediction accuracy could be further improved by combining TeraTox and mouse embryonic stem cell test results. Furthermore, patterns of altered gene expression revealed by TeraTox may help grouping toxicologically similar compounds and possibly deducing common modes of action. The TeraTox assay and the dataset described here therefore represent a new tool and a valuable resource for drug teratogenicity assessment.
Expression and Functional Analysis of the Type III Secretion System Effector Repertoire of the Xylem Pathogen Erwinia tracheiphila on Cucurbits
Authors: Olawole Olakunle I. , Gleason Mark L. , Beattie Gwyn A. 
Published: April 2022

The predicted repertoire of type III secretion system effectors (T3SEs) in Erwinia tracheiphila, causal agent of cucurbit bacterial wilt, is much larger than in xylem pathogens in the closely related genera Erwinia and Pantoea. The genomes of strains BHKY and SCR3, which represent distinct E. tracheiphila clades, encode at least 6 clade-specific and 12 shared T3SEs. The strains expressed the majority of the T3SE genes examined in planta. Among the shared T3SE genes, eop1 was expressed most highly in both strains in squash ( Cucurbita pepo) and muskmelon ( Cucumis melo) but the clade-specific gene avrRpm2 was expressed 40- to 900-fold more than eop1 in BHKY. The T3SEs AvrRpm2, Eop1, SrfC, and DspE contributed to BHKY virulence on squash and muskmelon, as shown using combinatorial mutants involving six T3SEs, whereas OspG and AvrB4 contributed to BHKY virulence only on muskmelon, demonstrating host-specific virulence functions. Moreover, Eop1 was functionally redundant with AvrRpm2, SrfC, OspG, and AvrB4 in BHKY, and BHKY mutants lacking up to five effector genes showed similar virulence to mutants lacking only two genes. The T3SEs OspG, AvrB4, and DspE contributed additively to SCR3 virulence on muskmelon and were not functionally redundant with Eop1. Rather, loss of eop1 and avrB4 restored wild-type virulence to the avrB4 mutant, suggesting that Eop1 suppresses a functionally redundant effector in SCR3. These results highlight functional differences in effector inventories between two E. tracheiphila clades, provide the first evidence of OspG as a phytopathogen effector, and suggest that Eop1 may be a metaeffector influencing virulence. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license .
Upper versus Lower Lumbar Lordosis Corrections in Relation to Pelvic Tilt – An Essential Element in Surgical Planning for Sagittal Plane Deformity
Authors: Kim Han Jo , Alluri R. Kiran , Lafage Renaud , Elysee Jonathan , Smith Justin S. , Mundis Gregory M. , Shaffrey Christopher I. , Ames Christopher P. , Burton Douglas C. , Klineberg Eric O. , Bess Shay , Schwab Frank , Gupta Munish , Lafage Virginie 
Published: April 2022

Study Design.
Retrospective study of a multicenter Adult Spinal Deformity (ASD) Database.

Objective.
To investigate the change in Pelvic tilt (PT) imparted by regional changes in lumbar lordosis at 2-year minimum follow up

Summary of Background Data.
The distribution of lumbar lordosis between L1-4 and L4-S1 is known to vary based on pelvic incidence (PI). However, the extent to which regional changes effect PT is not clearly elucidated. This information can be useful for ASD surgical planning.

Methods.
Operative patients from a multicenter ASD database were included with Lowest Instrumented Vertebrae (LIV) S1/Ilium, >5 levels of fusion, Proximal Junction Kyphosis (PJK) angle < 20, and >5 degrees of change in lumbar lordosis from L4-S1 and L1-4. Radiographic analysis was performed evaluating Thoracic Kyphosis (TK), T10-L2 kyphosis (TL), L1-S1 lordosis (LL), L4-S1 lordosis, L1-4 lordosis, sagittal vertical axis (SVA) and PI-LL from preoperative to postoperative, and change at 2-years follow-up. Stepwise regression analysis was performed in order to determine the relationship between PT and the above radiographic parameters. Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) outcomes were also compared between preoperative and postoperative timepoints at 2 years.

Results.
103 patients met inclusion for the study. There was improvement in all the radiographic parameters and HRQOLs at 2 years follow-up (p < 0.01). Stepwise regression model showed an inverse relationship between PT and LL change (r = 0.71, p < 0.01). Regionally, an increase in 10 degrees from L4-S1 correlated with a 2.4 degree decrease in PT (p < 0.01), while an increase in 10 degrees from L1-4 resulted in a 1.6 degree decrease in PT (p < 0.01).

Conclusion.
In the surgical planning for ASD, our data demonstrated significant correlational difference between corrections in the upper (L1-4) and lower (L4-S1) lumbar spine and PT changes. These calculations can be useful in planning sagittal plane corrections for ASD.
Social Determinant of Housing Instability and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes
Authors: Robinson Kelley , Sherman Athena D. F. , Ogunwole Serena , Meggett Jarvia , Sharps Phyllis 
Published: April 2022

Background:
We conducted a scoping review to examine the literature regarding pregnancy-related morbidities among birthing individuals and infants experiencing housing instability (HI).

Methods:
Articles were identified through electronic database searches, using numerous search terms related to pregnancy and housing. US studies published in English between 1991 and 2019 were included. Peer-reviewed qualitative and quantitative articles were synthesized and critically appraised by 2 reviewers using quality appraisal tools from the Joanna Briggs Institute.

Results:
Inconsistent definitions for HI weakened the rigor of aggregate findings, and birthing individual outcomes were underreported compared with infant outcomes (n = 9 095 499 women, 11 articles). Many studies reported mental health-related outcomes among birthing individuals with HI.

Discussion:
Study sampling approaches and lack of a standard definition of HI limit review findings, but examining this relationship is critical to understanding the effect of social determinants on birthing individual health. Future research should address the nescience regarding birthing individual outcomes in this population. Policy-level advocacy addressing social determinants must also refine policy impacting community-based prenatal programs and services for the birthing individual with HI.
We Are Not Asking Permission to Save Our Own Lives
Authors: Welch Leseliey , Branch Canady Renee , Harmell Chelsea , White Nicole , Snow Char'ly , Kane Low Lisa 
Published: April 2022

Purpose:
While favorable outcomes of birth centers are documented, Black-led birth centers and maternal health models are rarely highlighted. Such disparities are manifestations of institutional racism. A nascent body of literature suggests that culturally affirming care provided by Black-led birth centers benefit all birthing people—regardless of race. Birth Detroit is one such maternal health model led by Black women that offers a justice response to inequitable care options in Black communities.

Methods:
This article describes a departure from traditional White supremacist research models that privilege quantitative outcomes to the exclusion of iterative processes, lived experiences, and consciousness-raising. A community organizing approach to birth center development led by Black women and rooted in equity values of safety, love, trust, and justice is outlined.

Results:
Birth Detroit is a Black-led, community-informed model that includes integration of evidence-based approaches to improving health outcomes and that embraces community midwifery prenatal care and a strategic trajectory to open a birth center in the city of Detroit.

Conclusion:
Birth Detroit demonstrates the operationalization of a Black feminist standpoint, lifts up the power of communities to lead in their own care, and offers a blueprint for action to improve inequities and maternal-infant health in Black communities.