bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brain tumor detection from 3D MRI using Hyper‐Layer Convolutional Neural Networks and Hyper‐Heuristic Extreme Learning Machine
Authors: Alnaggar Omar Abdullah Murshed Farhan , Jagadale Basavaraj N. , Narayan Swaroopa H. , Saif Mufeed Ahmed Naji 
Published: July 2022

SummaryAutomated techniques for brain tumor classification using deep learning approaches have gained significant research interest in recent years. Yet, the difficulties in extracting and classifying the tumor regions from the 3D Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) do not have a definite solution. The major challenge in utilizing machine and deep learning algorithms for brain cancer classification from 3D images is the time complexity in analyzing the multiple frames of a brain MRI. This paper introduces Hyper‐Layer Convolutional Neural Networks (HL‐CNN) and Hyper‐Heuristic Extreme Learning Machine (HH‐ELM). The proposed method consists of three main phases are pre‐processing, deep feature mining and selection, and classification. The input MRI images are pre‐processed through denoising and image enhancement methods in the first phase. In the second phase, the HL‐CNN is introduced for feature extraction. The hyper‐layer technique is a masking technique that also inherent the features of the specified layers instead of only considering the features at the last layer. The best features are selected using a simple correlation‐based selection approach through HL‐CNN validation to minimize the irrelevant features in the system. In the last phase, the HH‐ELM is introduced to classify the tumor images to identify the different types of tumors. HH‐ELM is an enhanced version of ELM through optimal tuning of ELM parameters using a hyper‐heuristic optimization algorithm. Evaluations are performed over the BRATS 2020 database of MRI images and the proposed method of HL‐CNN and HH‐ELM achieved dice scores of 0.9020, 0.9393, and 0.9589 for ED, WT, and TC tumor classes with 95.89% accuracy, 98.46% precision, 96% recall, and 97.21% f‐measure which are 2%–13% higher and processing time of 139.88 s which is 66%–78% lesser than the existing methods.
Polymorphism and Building‐Block‐Resolved STM Imaging of Self‐Assembled Monolayers of 4‐Fluorobenzenemethanethiol on Au(111)
Authors: Azzam Waleed , Subaihi Abdu , Rohwerder Michael , Zharnikov Michael , Bashir Asif 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSelf‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) of 4‐fluorobenzenemethanethiol (p‐FBMT) on Au(111), prepared by immersion procedure (1 mM ethanolic solution; 60 °C; 18 h), were characterized by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). The data suggest the formation of highly ordered monolayer with a commensurate structure, described by the
unit cell. The STM appearance of this cell occurs, however, in two different forms, with either well‐localized individual spots or splitting of these spots in two components. These components are assigned to the tunneling through the entire molecule or sulfur docking group only. The respective spots correspond then to the terminal fluorine atom and sulfur docking group, manifesting, thus, building‐block‐resolving STM imaging. The accessibility of the docking group for direct tunneling is most likely related to a specific molecular organization for one of the two possible internal structures of the unit cell. The above results represent a showcase for potential of STM for imaging of upright‐arranged and densely packed molecular assemblies, such as SAMs.
Synthesis of an Atom‐Specifically 2H/13C‐Labeled Uridine Ribonucleoside Phosphoramidite
Authors: Olenginski Lukasz T. , Becette Owen B. , Beaucage Serge L. , Dayie Theodore K. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA combined enzymatic and chemical synthesis of a 2′‐O‐cyanoethoxymethyl (CEM) protected [1′,6‐13C2, 5‐2H]‐uridine phosphoramidite is described herein. This is the first report of an atom‐specific nucleobase and ribose labeled 2′‐O‐CEM protected ribonucleoside phosphoramidite. Importantly, the CEM 2′‐OH protecting group permits the efficient solid‐phase synthesis of large (>60 nucleotides) RNAs with good yield and purity. The new isotope‐labeled phosphoramidite can therefore be applied to nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy studies. Specifically, the [1′,6‐13C2, 5‐2H]‐uridine phosphoramidite can be used to make position‐specifically labeled RNAs for NMR analysis without complications from resonance overlap and scalar and dipolar couplings. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Synthesis of the ribonucleoside 6Basic Protocol 2: Synthesis of the ribonucleoside phosphoramidite 11
Two‐Dimensional Membranes with Highly Charged Nanochannels for Osmotic Energy Conversion
Authors: Qian Yijun , Liu Dan , Yang Guoliang , Chen Jinqiu , Ma Yuxi , Wang Lifeng , Wang Xungai , Lei Weiwei 
Published: July 2022

AbstractInadequate mass transportation of semipermeable membranes causes poor osmotic energy conversion from salinity‐gradient. Here, the lamellar graphene oxide membranes (GOMs) constructed with numerous fusiform‐like nanochannels, that are pre‐filled with negatively charged polyanion electrolytes, to both enhance the ion permeability and ion selectivity of the membrane for energy harvest from the salinty gradient, were developed. The as‐prepared membrane achieved the maximum output power density of ∼4.94 W m−2 under a 50 fold salinity gradient, which is 3.5 fold higher than that of pristine GOM. The enhancement could be ascribed to the synergistic impact of the expanded nanochannels and the enhanced space charge density. Via feeding with the artificial salinity water and monovalent cation electrolytes, the system could realise the power output up to 14.7 W m−2 and 34.1 W m−2, respectively. Overall, this material design strategy could provide an alternative concept to effectively enhance ion transport of other two‐dimensional (2D) membranes for specific purposes.
Electrochemical Depolymerization of Lignin in a Biomass‐based Solvent
Authors: da Cruz Márcia G. A. , Gueret Robin , Chen Jianhong , Piątek Jędrzej , Beele Björn , Sipponen Mika H. , Frauscher Marcella , Budnyk Serhiy , Rodrigues Bruno V. M. , Slabon Adam 
Published: July 2022

AbstractInvited for this month′s cover is the group of Adam Slabon at the University of Wuppertal. The image illustrates the reductive depolymerization of lignin into monomers using copper as electrocatalyst. The Research Article itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.202200718.
S100A14: A novel negative regulator of cancer stemness and immune evasion by inhibiting STAT3‐mediated programmed death‐ligand 1 expression in colorectal cancer
Authors: Min Hye‐Young , Cho Jaebeom , Sim Jeong Yeon , Boo Hye‐Jin , Lee Ji‐Sun , Lee Seon‐Boon , Lee Young‐Jin , Kim Sung Joo , Kim Kyu‐Pyo , Park In‐Ja , Hong Seung‐Mo , Zhang Xue‐Li , Zhang Zhi‐Gang , Park Rang‐Woon , Lee Ho‐Young 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundProgrammed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) has functional roles in cancer stem‐like cell (CSC) phenotypes and chemoresistance besides immune evasion. Chemotherapy is a common treatment choice for colorectal cancer (CRC) patients; however, chemoresistance limits its effectiveness of treatment.MethodsWe examined the role of S100A14 (SA14) in CRC by adopting PD‐L1high subpopulations within CRC cell lines and patient tumours, by establishing PD‐L1high chemoresistant CRC sublines through prolonged exposure to 5‐fluorouracil/oxaliplatin‐based chemotherapy in vitro and in vivo, and by analysing a public database.ResultsWe identified a novel function of SA14 as a regulator of immune surveillance, major CSC phenotypes, and survival capacity under hostile microenvironments, including those harbouring chemotherapeutics, and as a prognostic biomarker in CRC. Mechanistically, SA14 inhibits PD‐L1 expression by directly interacting with signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and inducing its proteasome‐mediated degradation. While gain‐of‐SA14 causes loss of PD‐L1 expression and tumourigenic potential and sensitisation to chemotherapy‐induced apoptosis in chemoresistant CRC cells, loss‐of‐SA14 causes increases in PD‐L1 expression, tumourigenic potential, and chemoresistance in vitro and in vivo. We further show that a combinatorial treatment with chemotherapy and recombinant SA14 protein effectively induces apoptosis in PD‐L1high chemoresistant CRC cells.ConclusionsOur results suggest that SA14‐based therapy is an effective strategy to prevent tumour progression and that SA14 is a predictive biomarker for anti‐PD‐L1 immunotherapy and chemotherapy in combination.
Study details the underrepresentation of women in presidential positions
Authors: Elfman Lois 
Published: July 2022

As more and more women have earned doctorates and entered the academy, it is reasonable to assume that there will soon be more women in leadership roles. A recently published study, The Women's Power Gap at Elite Universities: Scaling the Ivory Tower, shows that women, particularly women of color, are underrepresented in the presidential position at R1 institutions (universities with very high research activity, defined as R1 by the Carnegie Classification).
To move forward, we must learn from the past
Authors: Poore‐Pariseau Cindy 
Published: July 2022

When Dr. Stephen Hinshaw was a child, his father often disappeared for reasons unknown to him. When Hinshaw was a freshman in college, his father took him aside for one of many chats to talk about the reason for the disappearances: mental illness. At that time, Hinshaw's father was misdiagnosed with bipolar disorder (called manic depressive disorder at that time). For 40 years, his father was treated for this misdiagnosis, until Hinshaw, through his own studies and research and working with his father's doctors, came upon the correct diagnosis. Hinshaw describes these experiences in his book Another Kind of Madness.
The future of melasma therapy
Authors: Payne Lauren , Nia Benjamin , Brown Madeline , Callender Valerie 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMelasma is a chronic dermatologic condition defined by hyperpigmented macules and patches that appear in areas of sun exposure. Common areas of involvement include the forehead, cheeks, nose, and upper lip. Though melasma occurs in all genders and skin types, it is more commonly seen in females of Latin and African ancestry. Risk factors for the development of melasma include ultraviolet and visible light, high levels of estrogen, and family history. Histopathologic findings often include vacuolization at the basement membrane, increased melanin in the basal and suprabasilar layers of the epidermis with increased melanosomes and prominent dendrites; however, there is no increase in the total number of melanocytes. Newer findings reported also include an increase in vasculature and mast cells in lesional skin. Treatment of melasma includes an array of topical and oral medication in addition to various procedures. Medication treatment includes topical skin lightening agents that contain hydroquinone, azelaic acid, kojic acid, ascorbic acid, and newly released cysteamine. Tranexamic acid (TXA), both compounded in a topical form and given orally, has also been utilized with success. There is also a multitude of procedural treatments indicated for melasma, including micro‐needling and intradermal injections. Treatments, both topical and procedural, are often combined together for maximum benefit. Regardless of which option(s) you choose, it is of the utmost importance to adhere to strict sun protection to minimize the risk of continued recurrence, as UV and visible light exposure are often the culprits of melasma relapse.
Quantifying mechanisms of coexistence in disease ecology
Authors: Sieben Andrew J. , Mihaljevic Joseph R. , Shoemaker Lauren G. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPathogen coexistence depends on ecological processes operating at both within and between‐host scales, making it difficult to quantify which processes may promote or prevent coexistence. Here, we propose that adapting modern coexistence theory—traditionally applied in plant communities—to pathogen systems provides an exciting approach for examining mechanisms of coexistence operating across different spatial scales. We first overview modern coexistence theory and its mechanistic decomposition; we subsequently adapt the framework to quantify how spatial variation in pathogen density, host resources and immunity, and their interaction may promote pathogen coexistence. We apply this derivation to an example two pathogen, multiscale model comparing two scenarios with generalist and strain‐specific immunity: one with demographic equivalency among pathogens and one with demographic trade‐offs among pathogens. We then show how host–pathogen feedbacks generate spatial heterogeneity that promote pathogen coexistence and decompose those mechanisms to quantify how each spatial heterogeneity contributes to that coexistence. Specifically, coexistence of demographically equivalent pathogens occurs due to spatial variation in host resources, immune responses, and pathogen aggregation. With a competition–colonization trade‐off, the superior colonizer requires spatial heterogeneity to coexist, whereas the superior competitor does not. Finally, we suggest ways forward for linking theory and empirical tests of coexistence in disease systems.
Association between the index of nutritional quality and lipid profile in adult women
Authors: Abbas Torki Saheb , Bahadori Effat , Shekari Soheila , Fathi Soroor , Gholamalizadeh Maryam , Hasanpour Ardekanizadeh Naeemeh , Aminnezhad Bahareh , Ahmadzadeh Mina , Sotoudeh Mahtab , Shafie Fatemeh , Rastgoo Samira , Vahid Farhad , Doaei Saeid 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundDyslipidaemia is a group of abnormalities that predispose people to heart disease. The index of nutritional quality (INQ) is a tool for qualitative and quantitative nutritional assessment, which has special significance in assessing clinical nutritional problems. The objective of this study was to determine the association between the INQ and lipid profile in adult women.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study on 360 healthy women referring to the nutrition clinic of Shohadaye Tajrish hospital, Tehran, Iran. Calorie and nutrient intake were assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. The amount of physical activity was estimated using a validated International Physical Activity Questionnaire. To measure serum lipid levels, 5 ml of venous blood samples was taken from the participants.ResultsThe results showed a negative association between total cholesterol and the INQ of niacin (B = −0.110, p = .02) and between high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol with the INQ of biotin (B = −0.119, p = .01). Also, a positive association was found between triglyceride and the INQ of B6 (B = 0.096, p = .04). The results remained significant after adjusting for body mass index, waist circumference and total energy intake (except for niacin).ConclusionsFindings of the present study suggest that a diet rich in niacin and low in vitamin B6 and biotin may be associated with an improved lipid profile that reduces lipid‐related diseases such as fatty liver, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings and to identify the underlying mechanisms.
Agonistic anti‐CD27 antibody ameliorates EAE by suppressing IL‐17 production
Authors: Vogel Isabel , Acolty Valerie , Keler Tibor , Goriely Stanislas , Leo Oberdan , Moser Muriel 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTCD27/CD70 costimulation enhances T‐cell survival, memory formation and Th1‐cell differentiation and effector function. In addition to promoting Th1 responses, CD27 signaling has been shown to exert a negative regulatory role on IL‐17 production, resulting in increased sensitivity of CD27 KO mice to EAE. By inducing EAE in full CD27 KO mice, and in a novel, T‐cell specific CD27 KO mouse strain (CD4‐Cre x CD27flox/flox), we demonstrate herein that CD27 engagement by its natural ligand (CD70) suppresses IL‐17 production in a cell autonomous fashion. We further show that CD27 engagement by an agonistic antibody given after EAE induction or at symptom onset similarly suppresses IL‐17 production by activated CD4+ T cells infiltrating the inflamed CNS while IFN‐γ production was unaffected, leading to an amelioration of inflammatory‐related symptoms. These findings propose CD27 costimulation as a potential candidate for therapeutic manipulation to treat autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases characterized by excessive IL‐17 production.
Development and validation of a new multiplex Y‐STR panel designed to increase the power of discrimination
Authors: Zhou Yongsong , Cui Wei , Wu Buling , Zhu Bofeng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn an attempt to increase the discrimination capacity (DC) and reduce the adventitious match probability, a 6‐dye multiplex Y‐chromosomal short tandem repeat (Y‐STR) panel named Y34plex was constructed that combined 25 Y‐chromosomal markers (DYS456, DYS627, DYS390, DYS570, DYS635, DYS385a/b, DYS448, DYS437, DYS533, DYS449, DYS481, DYS392, DYS391, DYS389I, DYS460, YGATAH4, DYS438, DYS389II, DYS19, DYS458, DYF387S1a/b, DYS439, DYS393, DYS576, and DYS518) in widely used commercial kits, with nine highly polymorphic Y‐STR loci (DYS557, DYS527a/b, DYS593, DYS444, DYS596, DYS643, DYS447, DYS549, and DYS645). The Y34plex is a promising type system to distinguish both unrelated and related male individuals due to the incorporation of rapidly mutated Y‐STR loci. A validation study of the Y34plex was performed and followed the guidelines of the Scientific Working Group on DNA analysis methods. Results show that full Y‐STR profiles were obtained from male/female DNA mixtures with 125 pg of male DNA in the presence of 50 ng of female DNA. The ability to tolerate polymerase chain reaction inhibitors commonly contained in forensic casework samples demonstrated the applicability and robustness of the Y34plex. Compared with the Yfiler Plus kit, the novel panel showed an increased power of discrimination in Chinese Wuxi Han population (n = 434). The overall haplotype diversity of the Y34plex was 0.999606, whereas DC value was 0.956221, which is suitable for use on forensic paternal investigation.
Synthesis and characterization of waste Styrofoam hypercrosslinked polymer as an adsorbent for CO2 capture
Authors: Maleki Farid , Ghaemi Ahad , Mir Mohamad Sadeghi Gity 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this work, we used waste Styrofoam as a precursor to synthesize a hypercrosslinked polymeric (HCP) adsorbent for CO2 adsorption utilizing the Friedel–Craft procedure. The hypercrosslinked adsorbent was designed using formaldehyde dimethyl acetal (FDA) as the crosslinker. The precursor to crosslinker to catalyst ratio was 1:3:3, and the HCP synthesis was carried out for 12 h at 312.6 K. Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis were used to analyze the waste Styrofoam hypercrosslinked (WSHC) adsorbent. The adsorbent attained an 802.84 m2/g Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area and an average pore diameter of 2.869 m3/g. The CO2 adsorption process was studied under different operating conditions, temperature between 298 and 328 K and pressure between 2 and 10 bar. WSHC adsorbent has the maximum CO2 uptake with a value of 11.053 mmol/g at 298 K and 10 bar. The behavior of the adsorption process was investigated using isotherm, kinetic, and thermodynamic models. Experimental findings indicated that the Sips isotherm and the second‐order kinetic models provided the best fit. The isotherm data indicated that adsorption occurs in multi‐layers and is heterogeneous. According to the thermodynamic characteristics, the process is exothermic and spontaneous. Finally, the kinetic findings established that the process happened physically. Additionally, a regeneration study after seven cycles revealed a 96.1% success rate. The current research may attempt to use waste Styrofoam as a gas separation adsorbent in the industry.
A hybrid approach with step‐size aggregation to forecasting hierarchical time series
Authors: Rehman Hakeem‐Ur , Wan Guohua , Rafique Raza 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHierarchical time series arise in various fields such as manufacturing and services when the products or services can be hierarchically structured. “Top‐down” and “bottom‐up” forecasting approaches are often used for forecasting such hierarchical time series. In this paper, we develop a new hybrid approach (HA) with step‐size aggregation for hierarchical time series forecasting. The new approach is a weighted average of the two classical approaches with the weights being optimally chosen for all the series at each level of the hierarchy to minimize the variance of the forecast errors. The independent selection of weights for all the series at each level of the hierarchy makes the HA inconsistent while aggregating suitably across the hierarchy. To address this issue, we introduce a step‐size aggregate factor that represents the relationship between forecasts of the two consecutive levels of the hierarchy. The key advantage of the proposed HA is that it captures the structure of the hierarchy inherently due to the combination of the hierarchical approaches instead of independent forecasts of all the series at each level of the hierarchy. We demonstrate the performance of the new approach by applying it to the monthly data of ‘Industrial’ category of M3‐Competition as well as on Pakistan energy consumption data.
Time‐varying pure contagion effect between energy and nonenergy commodity markets
Authors: Gong Xu , Jin Yujing , Sun Chuanwang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper combines the Kalman filtering technique and the time‐varying parameter vector autoregression model with stochastic volatility model to explore pure contagion effects between energy and nonenergy (i.e., industrial metals, precious metals, and agricultural) commodity markets. Empirical results show the significant pure contagion effects between energy and industrial metals markets in most periods, while pure contagion effects between energy and precious metals and agricultural markets occur only in a few specific periods. Comparing the level of pure contagion effects between different commodity markets, energy is still the main price transmitter. In addition, with the acceleration of the global commodity market financialization process, the frequency and harm of pure contagion effects are gradually increasing. Notably, the COVID‐19 pandemic is emerging as another major crisis after the global financial crisis, exacerbating the pure contagion effects between energy and precious metals and agricultural markets.