bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Manifestation of Hegemonic Masculinity in The Characters of Santa Monica Studio’s God of War (2018)
Authors: Himawan Marcellino Rizky Putra , Fatmawaty Lynda Susana widya ayu , Dodiyanto Rosyid 
Published: August 2022

This research entitled “The Manifestation of Hegemonic Masculinity in The Characters of Santa Monica Studio’s God of War (2018)” aims to figure out how hegemonic masculinity is manifested in the characters of the video game God of War (2018). The primary data is Santa Monica Studio's God of War which was observed with qualitative method. Moreover, the researcher used Connell’s theory of hegemonic masculinity to analyze the traits of hegemonic masculinity through the characters. This research also uses characterization to further examine the characters’ physical attributes and behavior in investigating their masculinities. The findings of this research indicate that hegemonic masculinity is represented through the characters of Kratos, Atreus, Brok, and Sindri. Using the above theories, the researcher found that those characters’ dialogues, actions, and behavior demonstrate hegemonic masculinity. Another important finding is that each character who performs less hegemonic can still show their hegemony through their actions and speeches. It is also discovered, to an extent that the personalities and the degree of hegemonic masculinity of the characters stem from their respective backgrounds
Resilience and Parenting Stress in Mothers who have Children With Mental Retardation during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Indriasari Fika Nur 
Published: August 2022

The mental health of parents who have children with special needs at the time of the covid-19 pandemic needs attention. Social restrictions that must be done trigger increased stress parenting in mothers who have children with mental retardation. Children become vulnerable to violent behavior from the surrounding environment as a result of lack of parental knowledge in understanding their child's growth and development. Mothers have more roles, not only as caregivers but also as therapists and educators who replace teachers in schools. The level of maternal resilience affects how good coping management so that it can overcome the stressors experienced. The purpose of this study was to find out the effects of resilience and stress parenting experienced by mothers who have children with mental retardation during the covid-19 pandemic. The research design used is cross sectional. The population in this study was a mother who had a child of mental retardation and attended special school Pembina Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling. The results showed that the value of p value 0.001 < 0.05 which means there is an influence on resilience levels with parenting stress experienced by mothers who have children mentally retarded during the covid-19 pandemic. Maternal stress parenting levels fall into the low category but maternal resilience is in the moderate category
Gerakan Olimpiade dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Gaya Hidup Aktif Masyarakat Indonesia
Authors: Rochman Taupik , Suherman Adang , Ma’mun Amung , Abduljabar Bambang 
Published: August 2022

Olimpiade merupakan perhelatan olahraga terbesar karena diikuti oleh hampir seluruh negara yang ada di 5 benua di dunia yang tercermin dari 5 cincin yang saling berkait sebagai logonya. Sejak diadakan pada tahun 776 SM yang dikenal dengan olimpiade kuno hingga olimpiade modern pertama pada tahun 1896 di Athena, olimpiade tetap konsisten menggaungkan olympism sebagai filosofinya yaitu meningkatkan dan menggabungkan secara seimbang kualitas tubuh, kehendak dan pikiran manusia secara utuh. Olimpiade bukan hanya perkara adu gengsi prestasi keolahragaan tiap negara, tetapi mampu menjadi gerakan olimpiade bagi masyarakat dunia yaitu peningkatan gaya hidup aktif menjadi salah satu poin penting bagaimana olimpiade memberikan intervensi terhadap masyarakat yang semakin dipengaruhi oleh pesatnya industrialisasi terutama bagi negara berkembang seperti Indonesia. Kebijakan pemerintah diharapkan menjadi kekuatan utama sebagai pilar untuk mengokohkan bangsa, terutama bagaimana menjadikan Indonesia sebagai negara yang akan beranjak dan berusaha mengikuti ritme dunia saat ini dengan tetap menjadikan gaya hidup aktif sebagai sumber kekuatan utama dalam mengimplementasikan semangat olimpiade. Karena faktanya tidak banyak atlet Indonesia yang mampu berbicara pada ajang olimpiade menjadi gambaran nyata rendahnya kesadaran masyarakat Indonesia terhadap gaya hidup aktif, karena atlet elit lahir dari partisipasi masyarakat terhadap olahraga. Bahkan selama 68 tahun digelarnya olimpiade, Indonesia hanya mampu mengantarkan sebanyak 331 atlet atau hanya setengah dari jumlah atlet yang dikirimkan oleh China dalam sekali ajang olimpiade yaitu sebanyak 596 pada tahun 2008. Meski begitu, secara perlahan tapi pasti kebijakan pemerintah terus berupaya selaras dengan semangat olimpiade yaitu meningkatkan gaya hidup aktif masyarakat agar kedepan semakin banyak terlahir atlet-atlet Indonesia yang mampu berlaga dalam olimpiade dan mengharumkan negara
Osseointegration and Remodeling of Mineralized Bone Graft Are Negatively Impacted by Prior Treatment with Bisphosphonates
Authors: Cohen D. Joshua , Lohmann Christoph H. , Scott Kayla M. , Olson Lucas C. , Boyan Barbara D. , Schwartz Zvi 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Bisphosphonates limit resorption by inhibiting osteoclast formation and activation. They are removed during preparation of demineralized bone matrix (DBM) particles, but it is not known if osteogenesis and incorporation of mineralized bone allografts from patients treated with oral bisphosphonates are affected in vivo.

Methods:
Human block allografts from 3 bisphosphonate-treated donors and 3 age and sex-matched control donors who had not received bisphosphonates were obtained (Musculoskeletal Transplant Foundation); one-half from each donor was demineralized. In the first study, 3 × 2-mm mineralized and demineralized cylindrical grafts were implanted bilaterally in the femoral metaphysis of 56 rats. In the second study, samples from each group were pooled, prepared as particles, and implanted bilaterally in the femoral marrow canal of 24 rats. Osseointegration, defined as native bone in contact with allograft, was assessed at 10 weeks by micro-computed tomography (CT) and histomorphometry.

Results:
Micro-CT showed greater bone volume in sites treated with demineralized samples compared with the control mineralized and bisphosphonate-exposed mineralized samples. More new bone was generated along the cortical-endosteal interface compared with mineralized samples. Histology showed significantly less new bone in contact with the mineralized bisphosphonate-exposed allograft (10.4%) compared with mineralized samples that did not receive bisphosphonates (22.8%) and demineralized samples (31.7% and 42.8%). A gap was observed between native bone and allograft in the bisphosphonate-exposed mineralized samples (0.50 mm2). The gap area was significantly greater compared with mineralized samples that did not receive bisphosphonates (0.16 mm2) and demineralized samples (0.10 and 0.03 mm2).

Conclusions:
Mineralized allografts were osseointegrated, but not remodeled or replaced by living bone, preventing full regeneration of the bone defect. Prior treatment of the donor with bisphosphonates affected osteogenesis, preventing osteointegration and remodeling of the allograft into the regenerating bone.

Clinical Relevance:
Clinical use of mineralized allografts from patients who had received bisphosphonate therapy needs to be evaluated; in this animal model, such grafts were not integrated into the host bone or remodeled, and full regeneration of the bone defects was prevented.
Pain Catastrophizing Influences Preoperative and Postoperative Patient-Reported Outcomes in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Authors: Ramo Brandon A. , Collins-Jones Teresa L. , Thornberg David , Klinkerman Lydia , Rathjen Karl , Jo Chan-Hee 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) often report chronic back pain; however, there is inadequate research on psychological factors associated with pain in this patient population. Pain catastrophizing, a psychological factor that describes a pattern of negative thoughts and feelings about pain, has been associated with poorer responses to medical treatment for pain. The purpose of this study was to report the prevalence of pain catastrophizing in the AIS population and assess its relationship with preoperative and postoperative self-reported outcomes.

Methods:
In this prospective cohort study of consecutive patients undergoing posterior spinal fusion (PSF) for AIS, patients experiencing clinically relevant pain catastrophizing, defined as a Pain Catastrophizing Scale for Children (PCS) score in the 75th percentile or higher, were compared with patients with normal PCS scores. Preoperative and 2-year postoperative Scoliosis Research Society Society Questionnaire-30 (SRS-30) scores were correlated with the preoperative PCS score.

Results:
One hundred and eighty-nine patients underwent PSF for AIS, and 20 (10.6%) were considered to be experiencing pain catastrophizing. Despite comparable demographic and radiographic variables, pain catastrophizing was associated with significantly lower preoperative scores than were found in the normal-PCS group in all SRS-30 domains, including pain (2.98 versus 3.95; p < 0.001), appearance (2.98 versus 3.48; p < 0.001), activity (3.51 versus 4.06; p < 0.001), mental health (3.12 versus 4.01; p < 0.001), and total score (3.18 versus 3.84; p < 0.001), except satisfaction (3.72 versus 3.69; p > 0.999). At 2 years, the pain catastrophizing group experienced significant improvement from their preoperative scores in most SRS-30 domains, including a large clinically relevant improvement in pain (from 2.98 preoperatively to 3.84 postoperatively; p < 0.001) and the total score (from 3.18 to 3.85; p < 0.001), but continued to have lower scores than the normal-PCS group for pain (3.84 versus 4.22; p = 0.028) and the total score (3.85 versus 4.15; p = 0.038). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis indicated that an SRS-30 pain score of <3.5 has good sensitivity for predicting pain catastrophizing (PCS ≥75th percentile).

Conclusions:
In this cohort, patients with AIS who exhibited pain catastrophizing experienced significant improvement in self-reported health 2 years after PSF. However, they did not have the same levels of self-reported health as the normal-PCS group. Pain catastrophizing may be identifiable by lower preoperative SRS-30 pain scores.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Thermobaric Conditions for Exhumation of Ti-clinohumite Garnetites of the Kokchetav Subduction-Collision Zone (Northern Kazakhstan)
Authors: Selyatitskii A.Yu. , Reverdatto V.V. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
—A new variety of Ti-clinohumite garnetites (‘garnet peridotites’) of the diamond-bearing Kumdy Kol terrane in the Kokchetav massif has been studied. An ultrahigh-pressure phase, Ti-chondrodite, orthopyroxene and contrast-zoned garnets of retrograde zoning have been found in these rocks for the first time. Ti-chondrodite and orthopyroxene were not described in these rocks earlier, and garnet composition was supposed to be homogeneous. Based on the character of chemical zoning of garnet and orthopyroxene, the peak and three retrograde parageneses for these minerals have been distinguished. Using the garnet–orthopyroxene geothermobarometry, for the Kumdy Kol terrane, based on the quantitative P–T estimates of Ti-clinohumite garnetites, a detailed retrograde P–T trend has been constructed for the first time; this trend includes the UHP peak stage (55–57 kbar, 1075–1120 °С), and three stages of retrograde metamorphism under UHP (32 kbar, 830 °С), HP (21 kbar, 750 °С), and MP (12 kbar, 740 °С) conditions. For the Kumdy Kol terrane this is the most detailed Р–Т trend indicating subisothermal decompression during crustal rock exhumation from the mantle depths (~170 km) to the lower-crust conditions (~36 km). The above-mentioned mineralogical findings allowed reconstructing all the described metamorphism stages, using the same rock and various generations of the same minerals (garnet and orthopyroxene) formed at different stages of tectono–metamorphic evolution of the Kumdy Kol terrane. Preservation of the relics for mineral zoning of the early metamorphic stages seemed to be due to high uplift velocities resulted in rapid decrease in P–T parameters and short duration of regressive metamorphism. The virtually complete identity of the obtained P–T trend for the Kumdy Kol terrane and the P–T trend for the Barchi terrane supports the idea of the common tectono–metamorphic evolution of the whole western (diamond-bearing) part of the Kokchetav massif.
On the Creation of a Digital Permanently Operating Structural Model for the Sedimentary Cover of the West Siberian Petroleum Province
Authors: Sidorov A.A. 
Published: August 2022

The paper presents some results of the development of a digital permanently operating structural and geological model (implemented at the Autonomous Institution of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous District–Yugra V.I. Shpilman Research and Analytical Center for the Rational Use of the Subsoil) for the area of central West Siberia and important aspects that need to be considered in implementation practice. The methodological challenges of the variational-grid mapping method and its application include problems such as finding an optimal computational grid and using heterogeneous input information for mapping key seismic horizons. An effective method is considered for using seismic data with uncorrected misties in geological mapping based on corrections for derivatives of the desired function along the seismic profile direction (i.e., seismic surface shape). Special attention is paid to a priori information when mapping stratigraphic boundaries with poorly correlated seismic sections. The conformal thickness model linking geometry of the mapped surface with the structural framework of the two reference boundaries has been tested on the construction of regional structural and geological models for the Jurassic interval of the cross section of West Siberia. The model modification can also be applied to mapping clinoform formations. Given the scale and nontrivial tasks of regional mapping, the issues related to setting up the computing workflow are considered in detail: algorithmization, programming protocols, and automation. In the light of the accentuated relevance of the development of specialized software, the GST (Geo-Spline Technology) software product is considered, with the digital structural framework of the region implemented therein. This resulted in a permanently operating model, since the hierarchical object-oriented approach implemented in GST ensures a complete protocol that integrates computational procedures and data flows, as well as automation of model recalculation. The structural framework serves as the basis for mapping physical properties and parameters, assessment of the region resource potential, and r study of other aspects. The proposed model being not conclusive, it offers rich opportunities for revision and refinement as to the area size (geological model domain), level of detail, database enlargement, thereby determining the directions of further development of the digital structural framework.
Experimental Comparison of Two Downhole Separators in Boosting Artificial Lift Performance
Authors: Olubode Michael , Osorio Laura , Karami Hamidreza , McCoy Jim , Podio Tony 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Gas evolution and expansion are natural phenomena in petroleum wells. However, gas is detrimental to pumping artificial-lift (AL) systems, causing incomplete pump fillage and reduced pump efficiency. Pumping AL systems may also be involved in high GLR applications for gas well deliquification. It then becomes essential to separate the gas before the pump's intake in these applications to preserve the life of the pump. Various downhole separators with questionable efficiencies are available today. In this study, an automated experimental separation facility is presented and applied to test the efficiency of two downhole separators. The setup includes a 31-ft horizontal section followed by a 27-ft vertical section that houses the separator. The performance of the separators is evaluated at different air (34 - 215 Mscf/d) and water rates (17 - 867 BPD). The multiphase-flow loop is equipped with pressure transducers and control valves for effective flow control. Data acquisition and process control are performed using LabVIEW™.
A newly designed packer-type centrifugal downhole separator is evaluated over a wide range of flow rates and compared to a basic gravity-type separator without the centrifugal part. The performance and outlet flow stability of the separators are compared. Liquid separation efficiency is a measure of the fraction of the inlet liquid produced at the tubing return line. Output flow stability is measured by looking at the ratio of standard deviation over the average flow rate. Separation efficiency is close to ideal (100%) for liquid rates up to 500 BPD for both separators. The efficiency slightly decreases at higher liquid rates, but stays above 80%. This decline in efficiency is more noticeable for the gravity separator compared to the centrifugal, and it is sharper for higher gas rates (over 300 SCF/STB). The centrifugal separator provides a more stable output flow rate with less fluctuations compared to the gravity type. Various flow patterns in the separator outlet and the casing are visualized and recorded.
With declining rates of production from oil fields and the need to de-liquefy gas wells, efficient artificial lift is necessary. This system provides a unique and novel tool to simulate the dynamics of flow in wellbores and identify the best tools to improve the efficiency.
Impacts of Well Geometry and Gas Lift on Flow Dynamic and Production of Unconventional Horizontal Wells
Authors: Tran Ngoc Lam , Orazov Baurzhan , Karami Hamidreza 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Horizontal wells have brought significant improvements in production of unconventional reservoirs. However, one of the main debates in completion optimization lies on the effects of horizontal well geometry throughout a well's life. On the other hand, gas lift installations are becoming widespread to leverage the depletion in pressure and flow rate. Transient multiphase simulation allows physics-based modeling of flow performance in horizontal wells without or with gas lift application. The objective of this work is to use these simulations and provide a qualitative analysis of well geometry effects on slugging and production of horizontal wells.
This study uses OLGATM as a transient multiphase simulator to mimic a horizontal well's production over 36-hour time periods. The well produces through a 2-7/8″ ID tubing with MD of 10000 and TVD ranging from 4900 ft to 5100 ft, depending on the lateral geometry. The lateral section has a deviation angle range of 88-92°, with three geometries simulated, including toe-up, toe-down and horizontal. For each geometry, two cases are simulated: one without any undulations and one with random undulations along the lateral section. A realistic decline curve equation is used to estimate the decline in reservoir pressure throughout the well's life and simulate its production for 6 years, including early life with higher rates and late life of the depleted well. Gas lift is also installed late life to analyze its impacts on flow.
The simulation results offer valuable insight into well geometry effects throughout a well's life. At early life, slugging is minimal and production rates are close for all the geometries, with simulations favoring the toe-up well by a small margin. However, the geometry effects increase significantly as the well depletes. Slugging becomes more severe in almost all toe-up and horizontal cases, causing large fluctuations in pressure and reduction in total production. Undulations in toe-up help reduce the slugging severity and slightly improve the production. Gas lift proves to help reduce the back pressure and slugging severity downstream of the valve, and significantly improve production. The study of well geometry and its impacts on production design remains to be limited. Therefore, this study is a unique effort to provide a guideline and optimize well configuration and artificial lift design.
Gas Lift Valve Bellow Protection from High Injection and Dome Pressure
Authors: Salihbegovic Zlatko 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Bellows are mechanical devices used to compensate linear, thermal, or angular movement/expansion. Said bellows can be manufactured in different shapes, sizes, using different materials. One typical example of bellows application is in pipelines to compensate for thermal expansion between solid points. In oil and gas industry, among other applications, bellows are used in gas lift valves as a slidable seal between Nitrogen charged in valve dome section and injection pressure. Currently, only two nominal bellow sizes are used in gas lift application, one Inch and one and a half Inch. Examples of gas lift valves using one-and three-quarter Inch were manufactured but are not widely used. However, as manufactured bellows having very thin walls are not well suited for pressures higher than 200 PSI, depending on bellow size, shape and material used. To withstand much higher pressures bellows are being crimped, method that compresses bellow to shorter length which increases bellow overall mechanical toughness. In addition, bellows in gas lift valves must be pressure balanced inside and outside as much as possible to withstand high pressure up to 2500 PSI. By design bellows used in typical gas lift valves feature internal seal that is engaged once valve is in fully open position and bellow is expanded trapping "noncompressible" fluid usually silicone oil of different density. Nitrogen in gas lift valve is in direct contact with silicone oil and penetrates/dissolves into oil in form of bubbles. Being so called permanent gas Nitrogen never liquifies and always remain in gaseous state at any pressure no matter how high. This renders so called "noncompressible" fluid compressible and it does not prevent bellow damage when exposed to extremely high injection pressures. This theory used for decades in oil and gas industry is wrong resulting in premature bellow failures. This paper analyses existing gas lift designs and offers solution for problems specified herein.