bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial Modeling of Day-Within-Year Temperature Time Series: An Examination of Daily Maximum Temperatures in Aragón, Spain
Authors: Castillo-Mateo Jorge , Lafuente Miguel , Asín Jesús , Cebrián Ana C. , Gelfand Alan E. , Abaurrea Jesús 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAcknowledging a considerable literature on modeling daily temperature data, we propose a multi-level spatiotemporal model which introduces several innovations in order to explain the daily maximum temperature in the summer period over 60 years in a region containing Aragón, Spain. The model operates over continuous space but adopts two discrete temporal scales, year and day within year. It captures temporal dependence through autoregression on days within year and also on years. Spatial dependence is captured through spatial process modeling of intercepts, slope coefficients, variances, and autocorrelations. The model is expressed in a form which separates fixed effects from random effects and also separates space, years, and days for each type of effect. Motivated by exploratory data analysis, fixed effects to capture the influence of elevation, seasonality, and a linear trend are employed. Pure errors are introduced for years, for locations within years, and for locations at days within years. The performance of the model is checked using a leave-one-out cross-validation. Applications of the model are presented including prediction of the daily temperature series at unobserved or partially observed sites and inference to investigate climate change comparison.Supplementary materials accompanying this paper appear online.
Shape-specific microfabricated particles for biomedical applications: a review
Authors: Moore Thomas L. , Cook Alexander B. , Bellotti Elena , Palomba Roberto , Manghnani Purnima , Spanò Raffaele , Brahmachari Sayanti , Di Francesco Martina , Palange Anna Lisa , Di Mascolo Daniele , Decuzzi Paolo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe storied history of controlled the release systems has evolved over time; from degradable drug-loaded sutures to monolithic zero-ordered release devices and nano-sized drug delivery formulations. Scientists have tuned the physico-chemical properties of these drug carriers to optimize their performance in biomedical/pharmaceutical applications. In particular, particle drug delivery systems at the micron size regime have been used since the 1980s. Recent advances in micro and nanofabrication techniques have enabled precise control of particle size and geometry–here we review the utility of microplates and discoidal polymeric particles for a range of pharmaceutical applications. Microplates are defined as micrometer scale polymeric local depot devices in cuboid form, while discoidal polymeric nanoconstructs are disk-shaped polymeric particles having a cross-sectional diameter in the micrometer range and a thickness in the hundreds of nanometer range. These versatile particles can be used to treat several pathologies such as cancer, inflammatory diseases and vascular diseases, by leveraging their size, shape, physical properties (e.g., stiffness), and component materials, to tune their functionality. This review highlights design and fabrication strategies for these particles, discusses their applications, and elaborates on emerging trends for their use in formulations.
Graphical abstract
TGFα-EGFR pathway in breast carcinogenesis, association with WWOX expression and estrogen activation
Authors: Pospiech Karolina , Orzechowska Magdalena , Nowakowska Magdalena , Anusewicz Dorota , Płuciennik Elżbieta , Kośla Katarzyna , Bednarek Andrzej K. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
WWOX is a tumor-suppressive steroid dehydrogenase, which relationship with hormone receptors was shown both in animal models and breast cancer patients. Herein, through nAnT-iCAGE high-throughput gene expression profiling, we studied the interplay of estrogen receptors and the WWOX in breast cancer cell lines (MCF7, T47D, MDA-MB-231, BT20) under estrogen stimulation and either introduction of the WWOX gene by retroviral transfection (MDA-MB-231, T47D) or silenced with shRNA (MCF7, BT20). Additionally, we evaluated the consequent biological characteristics by proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and adhesion assays. TGFα-EGFR signaling was found to be significantly affected in all examined breast cancer cell lines in response to estrogen and strongly associated with the level of WWOX expression, especially in ER-positive MCF7 cells. Under the influence of 17β-estradiol presence, biological characteristics of the cell lines were also delineated. The study revealed modulation of adhesion, invasion, and apoptosis. The obtained results point at a complex role of the WWOX gene in the carcinogenesis of the breast tissue, which seems to be closely related to the presence of estrogen α and/or β receptors.
Highly sensitive electrochemical azaperone sensor based on magnetic silica –NH2-CS2 in the ostrich meat and rat plasma and its comparison with HPLC–MS/MS
Authors: Gandomi Faezeh , Taghizadeh Mohammad Javad , Khosrowshahi Elnaz Marzi , Mohammadnia Maryam Saleh , Irannejad Neda , Sohouli Esmail , Ehrlich Hermann , Joseph Yvonne , Rahimi-Nasrabadi Mehdi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAzaperone is a very important phenylbutanone-based neurotransmitter used in the treatment of some animal (veterinary) clinics. This compound has various nerve and tendon stabilizing agents on livestock and animals. Muscular injection of azaperone is used to reduce stress in livestock and reduce their acting. In the present work, Fe3O4@SiO2-NH2/CS2 nanocomposite was synthesized and thoroughly characterized using FE-SEM, FT-IR, and XRD technique. The glassy carbon electrode was then modified with nanocomposite to fabricate a sensor named GCE/Fe3O4@SiO2-NH2/CS2. The application of modified electrode was tested for analysis of azaperone in ostrich meat and rat plasma. The electrochemical behavior of azaperone was tested using differential pulse and cyclic voltammetry. In Briton–Robinson buffer solution (pH = 6), azaperone had an oxidation peak at 0.82 V. Cyclic voltammetry studies indicated that the azaprone oxidation process on the modified electrode is irreversible. Experimental variables, including pH and accumulation time were optimized by monitoring the cyclic voltammetry responses toward azaperone peak current. Measurement of azaperone by differential pulse voltammetry technique showed linearity of anodic peak current vs. azaperone concentration in a range of 0.01–100.0 μM with detection and quantification limits of 3 nM and 10 nM, respectively. Also, the effect of disturbance of some species as possible interferers on the electrochemical response of azaperone was checked out. Finally, the capability of the fabricated sensor for azaperone measurement was successfully tested in ostrich meat and rat plasma as real samples.
Graphical abstract
Monocular Photogrammetric System for 3D Reconstruction of Welds in Turbid Water
Authors: Kahmen Oliver , Luhmann Thomas 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article presents a methodology for the 3D reconstruction of welds under water. A monocular measuring system, equipped with a hemispherical (dome) port, and its methodology are introduced. Furthermore, a simple but effective approach for the alignment of a dome port and the entrance pupil of a lens is presented. The alignment is mechanically supported by the presented lens alignment shell. Turbidity experiments in the laboratory quantify the accuracy of the 3D reconstruction of an underwater welded hollow weld in comparison with a high-quality reference measurement. The analyses show that the system is capable to reconstruct the surface of the weld in high quality using least-squares image matching. The quality level ranges from 0.06 mm in clear water to 0.11 mm in turbid water featuring a visibility of ~ 140 mm.
States, nations, and self-determination: Afghanistan and decolonization at the United Nations
Authors: Leake Elisabeth 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAfghanistan is not traditionally seen as a ‘decolonized’ state, given that it was never formally part of any empire. Yet Afghan state leaders embraced the language of anti-colonialism and self-determination to assert influence in the international community, and especially at the UN. This paper explores the interactions between Afghan elites and the UN, particularly the way that Afghanistan fought the growing global consensus that self-determination in the era of decolonization meant the establishment of an international states system. Afghan elites instead argued that self-determination was for peoples, not states. Afghanistan’s stance on self-determination, as an exception to territorial state centrism, provides a way of thinking about decolonization’s universalisms and particularities, as well as how it ultimately complicated Afghanistan’s own place in the international community. The article uses Afghanistan’s engagement with the UN General Assembly and its various subcommittees, from its membership in 1946 to the Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan in 1989, to reflect on the ways decolonization became a global yet fractured phenomenon that came to mean numerous practices and could be used by different historical actors to articulate multiple, potentially competing visions of political autonomy and rights. International institutions like the UN provided crucial arenas where postcolonial statehood became the norm yet was nevertheless contested and questioned. By providing an exception to the UN’s focus on territorial statehood, Afghanistan demonstrates the ongoing fluidity and complexity of decolonization’s meaning and consequences, as well as the ways in which nations continue to inform the global.
Lithospheric Conductors Shed Light on the Non‐Uniform Destruction of North China Craton
Authors: Shi Yuan , Xu Yixian , Yang Bo , Liu Shuyu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLow resistivity in the continental lower crust and uppermost mantle has been commonly observed in both Phanerozoic and Precambrian areas. Given different tectonic history, these conductors could be attributed to different conductive mechanisms. The North China Craton (NCC) is one of typical craton that have suffered from extensive destruction, part of which was modified by Phanerozoic tectonic‐thermal events and the others remain stable cratonic lithosphere. We here present a high‐resolution 3‐D electrical resistivity model from the inversion of magnetotelluric data collected in 183 sites of NCC. Beneath the stable craton in the north part of Ordos Block, an E‐W trending conductor extends from lower crust to uppermost mantle, which can be attributed to the concentration of sulfides/graphite emplaced through oceanic subduction during the Paleoproterozoic assembly of Columbia. The conductors beneath the Taihang Mountains and the south part of Ordos Block also reflect ancient sutures. In contrast, the conductor in mantle beneath the south part of North China Plain (SNCP) reflects an on‐going process of craton destruction relating to the subduction of the Pacific Plate in Cenozoic. The MT data, combined with seismic radial anisotropy model suggest the lower crust and uppermost mantle beneath SNCP is anisotropic. And a significant electrical anisotropic layer with the most conductive direction along N70°W and the anisotropy factor of 6.3 is revealed in the 20–70 km depth by 2‐D anisotropic inversion. We attribute the enhanced conductivity along anisotropy direction to the accumulation of melts in sills, resulting from the upwelling of asthenosphere in Cenozoic.
Characteristics and Sources of Intense Geoelectric Fields in the United States: Comparative Analysis of Multiple Geomagnetic Storms
Authors: Shi Xueling , Hartinger Michael D. , Baker Joseph B. H. , Murphy Benjamin S. , Bedrosian Paul A. , Kelbert Anna , Rigler Erin Joshua 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntense geoelectric fields during geomagnetic storms drive geomagnetically induced currents in power grids and other infrastructure, yet there are limited direct measurements of these storm‐time geoelectric fields. Moreover, most previous studies examining storm‐time geoelectric fields focused on single events or small geographic regions, making it difficult to determine the typical source(s) of intense geoelectric fields. We perform the first comparative analysis of (a) the sources of intense geoelectric fields over multiple geomagnetic storms, (b) using 1‐s cadence geoelectric field measurements made at (c) magnetotelluric survey sites distributed widely across the United States. Temporally localized intense perturbations in measured geoelectric fields with prominences (a measure of the relative amplitude of geoelectric field enhancement above the surrounding signal) of at least 500 mV/km were detected during geomagnetic storms with Dst minima (Dstmin) of less than −100 nT from 2006 to 2019. Most of the intense geoelectric fields were observed in resistive regions with magnetic latitudes greater than 55° even though we have 167 sites located at lower latitudes during geomagnetic storms of −200 nT ≤ Dstmin < −100 nT. Our study indicates intense short‐lived (<1 min) and geoelectric field perturbations with periods on the order of 1–2 min are common. Most of these perturbations cannot be resolved with 1‐min data because they correspond to higher frequency or impulsive phenomena that vary on timescales shorter than that sampling interval. The sources of geomagnetic perturbations inducing these intense geoelectric fields include interplanetary shocks, interplanetary magnetic field turnings, substorms, and ultralow frequency waves.
The Influence of Basement Terranes on Tectonic Deformation: Joint Earthquake Travel‐Time and Ambient Noise Tomography of the Southern South Island, New Zealand
Authors: Eberhart‐Phillips Donna , Upton Phaedra , Reyners Martin , Barrell David J. A. , Fry Bill , Bourguignon Sandra , Warren‐Smith Emily 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDetermining how the crustal structure developed in previous tectonic regimes influences current deformation is important for understanding seismogenic behavior. Paleozoic‐Mesozoic convergent‐margin tectonics produced the southeastern South Island crust, which is currently involved in late Cenozoic transpressional collision. We examine crustal velocity structure through joint inversion of earthquake travel times and ambient noise derived group velocities to increase the resolution of Vp (P‐wave velocity) and Vp/Vs across the region. This method improves the details of the shallow velocity structure and highlights lithological properties, uplifted regions, and distributed fracture zones. The Otago schist shows thick lower crust while contrasting higher Vp below 15 km depth characterizes the Matai terrane and Median batholith, both backstops during accretion and deformation. The complex velocity structure, integrated with late Cenozoic faults, structural domains, seismicity patterns, and geodynamic modeling, shows how Cenozoic structures relate to deeper properties. Seismicity within the schist is distributed within transition regions rather than along specific faults, and these zones contain low Vp and low Qp (1/attenuation). The most prominent seismicity zone is along the transition from northern Otago ranges to the Southern Alps, where faulting and brittle deformation corresponds to the eastern edge of ductile crustal thickening above the bending of the strong oceanic lower crust. The thick weak crust rheology of Otago, relative to Canterbury, enables broad deformation, with numerous late Cenozoic faults that may not persist to great depth. Along the southern stronger plutonic terranes, there is a band of sparse deeper (15–35 km) seismicity, consistent with strong elastic brittle crust.
Distinct neurocognitive bases for social trait judgments of faces in autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Yu Hongbo , Cao Runnan , Lin Chujun , Wang Shuo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by difficulties in social processes, interactions, and communication. Yet, the neurocognitive bases underlying these difficulties are unclear. Here, we triangulated the ‘trans-diagnostic’ approach to personality, social trait judgments of faces, and neurophysiology to investigate (1) the relative position of autistic traits in a comprehensive social-affective personality space, and (2) the distinct associations between the social-affective personality dimensions and social trait judgment from faces in individuals with ASD and neurotypical individuals. We collected personality and facial judgment data from a large sample of online participants (N = 89 self-identified ASD; N = 307 neurotypical controls). Factor analysis with 33 subscales of 10 social-affective personality questionnaires identified a 4-dimensional personality space. This analysis revealed that ASD and control participants did not differ significantly along the personality dimensions of empathy and prosociality, antisociality, or social agreeableness. However, the ASD participants exhibited a weaker association between prosocial personality dimensions and judgments of facial trustworthiness and warmth than the control participants. Neurophysiological data also indicated that ASD participants had a weaker association with neuronal representations for trustworthiness and warmth from faces. These results suggest that the atypical association between social-affective personality and social trait judgment from faces may contribute to the social and affective difficulties associated with ASD.
Principles of human movement augmentation and the challenges in making it a reality
Authors: Eden Jonathan , Bräcklein Mario , Ibáñez Jaime , Barsakcioglu Deren Yusuf , Di Pino Giovanni , Farina Dario , Burdet Etienne , Mehring Carsten 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAugmenting the body with artificial limbs controlled concurrently to one’s natural limbs has long appeared in science fiction, but recent technological and neuroscientific advances have begun to make this possible. By allowing individuals to achieve otherwise impossible actions, movement augmentation could revolutionize medical and industrial applications and profoundly change the way humans interact with the environment. Here, we construct a movement augmentation taxonomy through what is augmented and how it is achieved. With this framework, we analyze augmentation that extends the number of degrees-of-freedom, discuss critical features of effective augmentation such as physiological control signals, sensory feedback and learning as well as application scenarios, and propose a vision for the field.
Germline mutation landscape of DNA damage repair genes in African Americans with prostate cancer highlights potentially targetable RAD genes
Authors: Kohaar Indu , Zhang Xijun , Tan Shyh-Han , Nousome Darryl , Babcock Kevin , Ravindranath Lakshmi , Sukumar Gauthaman , Mcgrath-Martinez Elisa , Rosenberger John , Alba Camille , Ali Amina , Young Denise , Chen Yongmei , Cullen Jennifer , Rosner Inger L. , Sesterhenn Isabell A. , Dobi Albert , Chesnut Gregory , Turner Clesson , Dalgard Clifton , Wilkerson Matthew D. , Pollard Harvey B. , Srivastava Shiv , Petrovics Gyorgy 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn prostate cancer, emerging data highlight the role of DNA damage repair genes (DDRGs) in aggressive forms of the disease. However, DDRG mutations in African American men are not yet fully defined. Here, we profile germline mutations in all known DDRGs (N = 276) using whole genome sequences from blood DNA of a matched cohort of patients with primary prostate cancer comprising of 300 African American and 300 European Ancestry prostate cancer patients, to determine whether the mutation status can enhance patient stratification for specific targeted therapies. Here, we show that only 13 of the 46 DDRGs identified with pathogenic/likely pathogenic mutations are present in both African American and European ancestry patients. Importantly,RADfamily genes (RAD51, RAD54L, RAD54B), which are potentially targetable, as well asPMS2andBRCA1, are among the most frequently mutated DDRGs in African American, but not in European Ancestry patients.
Mapping the sequence specificity of heterotypic amyloid interactions enables the identification of aggregation modifiers
Authors: Louros Nikolaos , Ramakers Meine , Michiels Emiel , Konstantoulea Katerina , Morelli Chiara , Garcia Teresa , Moonen Nele , D’Haeyer Sam , Goossens Vera , Thal Dietmar Rudolf , Audenaert Dominique , Rousseau Frederic , Schymkowitz Joost 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHeterotypic amyloid interactions between related protein sequences have been observed in functional and disease amyloids. While sequence homology seems to favour heterotypic amyloid interactions, we have no systematic understanding of the structural rules determining such interactions nor whether they inhibit or facilitate amyloid assembly. Using structure-based thermodynamic calculations and extensive experimental validation, we performed a comprehensive exploration of the defining role of sequence promiscuity in amyloid interactions. Using tau as a model system we demonstrate that proteins with local sequence homology to tau amyloid nucleating regions can modify fibril nucleation, morphology, assembly and spreading of aggregates in cultured cells. Depending on the type of mutation such interactions inhibit or promote aggregation in a manner that can be predicted from structure. We find that these heterotypic amyloid interactions can result in the subcellular mis-localisation of these proteins. Moreover, equilibrium studies indicate that the critical concentration of aggregation is altered by heterotypic interactions. Our findings suggest a structural mechanism by which the proteomic background can modulate the aggregation propensity of amyloidogenic proteins and we discuss how such sequence-specific proteostatic perturbations could contribute to the selective cellular susceptibility of amyloid disease progression.
A peroxisomal heterodimeric enzyme is involved in benzaldehyde synthesis in plants
Authors: Huang Xing-Qi , Li Renqiuguo , Fu Jianxin , Dudareva Natalia 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBenzaldehyde, the simplest aromatic aldehyde, is one of the most wide-spread volatiles that serves as a pollinator attractant, flavor, and antifungal compound. However, the enzyme responsible for its formation in plants remains unknown. Using a combination of in vivo stable isotope labeling, classical biochemical, proteomics and genetic approaches, we show that in petunia benzaldehyde is synthesized via the β-oxidative pathway in peroxisomes by a heterodimeric enzyme consisting of α and β subunits, which belong to the NAD(P)-binding Rossmann-fold superfamily. Both subunits are alone catalytically inactive but, when mixed in equal amounts, form an active enzyme, which exhibits strict substrate specificity towards benzoyl-CoA and uses NADPH as a cofactor. Alpha subunits can form functional heterodimers with phylogenetically distant β subunits, but not all β subunits partner with α subunits, at least in Arabidopsis. Analysis of spatial, developmental and rhythmic expression of genes encoding α and β subunits revealed that expression of the gene for the α subunit likely plays a key role in regulating benzaldehyde biosynthesis.
Molecular orbital theory in cavity QED environments
Authors: Riso Rosario R. , Haugland Tor S. , Ronca Enrico , Koch Henrik 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCoupling between molecules and vacuum photon fields inside an optical cavity has proven to be an effective way to engineer molecular properties, in particular reactivity. To ease the rationalization of cavity induced effects we introduce an ab initio method leading to the first fully consistent molecular orbital theory for quantum electrodynamics environments. Our framework is non-perturbative and explains modifications of the electronic structure due to the interaction with the photon field. In this work, we show that the newly developed orbital theory can be used to predict cavity induced modifications of molecular reactivity and pinpoint classes of systems with significant cavity effects. We also investigate electronic cavity-induced modifications of reaction mechanisms in vibrational strong coupling regimes.