bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Life cycle assessment and life cycle cost of repairing surgical scissors
Authors: Rizan Chantelle , Brophy Tom , Lillywhite Robert , Reed Malcom , Bhutta Mahmood F. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Purpose
The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the environmental impact and financial cost of repairing surgical scissors.

Methods
We used life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle cost analysis to estimate environmental impacts and financial cost of repairing surgical scissors. The functional unit was one use of a reusable surgical scissor (manufactured in Germany and used in the UK), and three baseline scenarios were compared: no repair, onsite (hospital), and offsite (external contract) repair. This ‘cradle-to-grave’ analysis included raw material extraction, manufacture of scissors and materials within primary and secondary packaging, transportation, decontamination, repair (where relevant), and waste disposal. Primary activity data was sourced from the instrument manufacturer, supplier, and from UK repair centres (both onsite and offsite), whilst the Ecoinvent database was used as a secondary data source for the manufacture of scissors. The World ReCiPe Midpoint and Endpoint Hierarchist method (Version 1.1) was used for environmental impact assessment. Scenario analysis was used to evaluate the impact of altering different assumptions, including number of uses, reducing number of repairs, increasing distance to offsite repair centre, and alternative electricity sources and waste handling processes. Life cycle cost analysis was calculated based on purchase cost, and cost of decontamination, repair, and waste disposal.

Results and discussion
The carbon footprint of reusable scissors was 70 g CO2e per use, assuming scissors were used 40 times before replacement. This was reduced by 19% through use of offsite repair every 40 uses (57 g CO2e/scissor use), with small additional reductions associated with onsite repair (56 g CO2e/scissor use). Similar patterns of reduction were calculated for eighteen midpoint environmental impact categories (mean impact reduction of 30% for those repaired offsite relative to no repair) and also across three endpoint categories. Decontamination made the biggest contribution to the carbon footprint across all baseline scenarios (76% where no repair, 95–97% where repaired offsite and onsite respectively). Findings were robust to alternative scenario analyses. Life cycle cost was GBP £1.43 per use of reusable scissors, and when repaired either on- or offsite this decreased by 32% to GBP £0.97 per use.

Conclusion
Repairing surgical scissors rather than replacing them with a new pair can reduce environmental and financial cost. The extent to which repair may play a role in mitigating the environmental impact of other surgical instruments requires further research.
Mentalisierungsfähigkeit, Mentalisierungsinteresse und Persönlichkeitsdimensionen
Authors: Schwarzer Nicola-Hans , Nolte Tobias , Gingelmaier Stephan 
Published: June 2022

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie
Das Mentalisierungskonzept erfreut sich in klinischen Zusammenhängen zunehmender Popularität. Hierbei repräsentiert die Mentalisierungsfähigkeit – definiert als die Kapazität, Verhaltensweisen auf Basis von psychischen Zuständen wahrnehmen und bedenken zu können – einen wichtigen Aspekt psychischer Gesundheit. Dem theoretischen Entwicklungsmodell folgend ist die Ausprägung der Mentalisierungsfähigkeit maßgeblich von Beziehungserfahrungen in sensiblen Entwicklungsstadien abhängig. Merkmalen wie Geschlecht, Alter oder Intelligenz wird hingegen eine untergeordnete Bedeutung zugesprochen. Inwieweit die Mentalisierungsfähigkeit und das Mentalisierungsinteresse als gesundheitsrelevante Aspekte mit den als „Big Five“ bekannten Persönlichkeitsdimensionen assoziiert sind, wurde bis heute unzureichend untersucht.

Methodik
Von 336 nichtklinischen Probanden wurde in einer Querschnittsstudie die Mentalisierungsfähigkeit (experimentell), das Mentalisierungsinteresse (Selbstauskunft) und einzelne Persönlichkeitsdimensionen (Selbstauskunft) erfasst.

Ergebnisse
Einzelne Persönlichkeitsdimensionen waren in der untersuchten Stichprobe nicht mit der Mentalisierungsfähigkeit assoziiert. Einzelne Persönlichkeitsdimensionen hingegen sagten das Mentalisierungsinteresse voraus.

Diskussion
Trotz enger Zusammenhänge zwischen Einschränkungen der Mentalisierungsfähigkeit und Persönlichkeitsstörungen scheinen individuelle Persönlichkeitszüge in einer nicht-klinischen Stichprobe unabhängig von der Mentalisierungsfähigkeit zu sein. Die Neigung hingegen, mentale Zustände als Erklärungsmodell für Verhaltensweisen zu nutzen, ist mit spezifischen Persönlichkeitsmerkmalen assoziiert.

Schlussfolgerung
Die Befunde deuten an, dass in präventiven und gesundheitsfördernden Settings die Unterscheidung zwischen der genuinen Mentalisierungsfähigkeit und dem Interesse an mentalisierenden Zuschreibungsprozessen sorgsam zu berücksichtigen ist, da ein überhöhtes und gleichermaßen unproduktives Interesse an mentalen Zuständen unter Verweis auf die hier berichteten Befunde mit emotionaler Instabilität assoziiert ist.
Belastungs- und Resilienzfaktoren vor dem Hintergrund von psychischer Erschöpfung und Ansätzen der Gesundheitsförderung im Lehrerberuf
Authors: Wesselborg Bärbel , Bauknecht Jürgen 
Published: June 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Seit einigen Jahren wird auf die hohe psychische Erschöpfung bei Lehrern hingewiesen und es bestehen Programme zur Gesundheitsförderung. Vor dem Hintergrund der gesundheitsfördernden Maßnahmen ist insbesondere von Interesse, welche (Resilienz‑)Faktoren die Gesundheit von Lehrpersonen schützen.

Ziel der Arbeit/Fragestellung
Die Studie untersucht die psychische Erschöpfung und berufsspezifische Belastungsfaktoren bei Lehrern im Vergleich mit sonstigen Erwerbstätigen. Zudem werden Resilienzfaktoren identifiziert, die die Wirkung der Belastungsfaktoren vermindern und die psychische Gesundheit bei Lehrpersonen stärken.

Material und Methoden
Die Studie analysiert die Daten der vom Bundesinstitut für Berufsbildung (BIBB) und der Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin (BAuA) durchgeführten „BIBB/BAuA-Erwerbstätigenbefragung – Arbeit und Beruf im Wandel, Erwerb und Verwertung beruflicher Qualifikationen 2018“ hinsichtlich psychischer Erschöpfung, Belastungs- und Resilienzfaktoren bei Lehrern im Vergleich zu sonstigen Erwerbstätigen. Dabei werden deskriptive und inferenzstatistische Analysen durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse
Die psychische Erschöpfung bei Lehrern ist im Vergleich zu sonstigen Erwerbstätigen erhöht. Stärkster Belastungsfaktor stellt die emotionale Belastung bei Lehrern dar und der stärkste Resilienzfaktor ist die soziale Unterstützung des Kollegiums.

Schlussfolgerung
Die gesundheitsfördernden Programme sollten an den identifizierten Resilienzfaktoren anknüpfen und eine gesundheitsfördernde Schulentwicklung fokussieren um die Gesundheitssituation bei Lehrern nachhaltig zu stabilisieren.
Human Capital and Labour Market Resilience: A Regional Analysis for Portugal
Authors: Simões Marta , Andrade João Sousa , Duarte Adelaide 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This paper investigates labour market resilience for seven Portuguese NUTS-2 regions over the period 1995–2018 detailing its relationship with levels of education and highlighting the period following the 2007–08 financial and economic crisis. We define resilience as the ability of regional employment to recover from a recessionary shock over an entire business cycle. Our results point to the existence of labour market resilience to the different business cycles for the different regions in terms of total hours worked. The same conclusion applies to employment of workers with different levels of educational attainment, low, medium and high, defined according to the highest level of education completed by employees. Investigating in more detail the potential differentiated impact of the Portuguese Great Recession (PGR), covering the period after the 2007–08 crisis, our findings suggest however no resilience in terms of total hours worked and employment of workers with low levels of education, corresponding so far to a situation of jobless economic recovery. The conclusions are mixed for employment of workers with medium levels of education, while we found evidence of labour market resilience to the PGR for employment of workers with high levels of education. The strong negative impact of the PGR at the economic level thus seems to have hindered labour market resilience for employees and regions less endowed with human capital.
Social Robots Acceptance and Marketability in Italy and Germany: A Cross-National Study Focusing on Assisted Living for Older Adults
Authors: Fracasso Francesca , Buchweitz Lea , Theil Arthur , Cesta Amedeo , Korn Oliver 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn the last years, social robots have become a trending topic. Indeed, robots which communicate with us and mimic human behavior patterns are fascinating. However, while there is a massive body of research on their design and acceptance in different fields of application, their market potential has been rarely investigated. As their future integration in society may have a vast disruptive potential, this work aims at shedding light on the market potential, focusing on the assistive health domain. A study with 197 persons from Italy (age: M = 67.87; SD = 8.87) and Germany (age: M = 62.15; SD = 6.14) investigates cultural acceptance, desired functionalities, and purchase preferences. The participants filled in a questionnaire after watching a video illustrating some examples of social robots. Surprisingly, the individual perception of health status, social status as well as nationality did hardly influence the attitude towards social robots, although the German group was somewhat more reluctant to the idea of using them. Instead, there were significant correlations with most dimensions of the Almere model (like perceived enjoyment, sociability, usefulness and trustworthiness). Also, technology acceptance resulted strongly correlated with the individual readiness to invest money. However, as most persons consider social robots as “Assistive Technological Devices” (ATDs), they expected that their provision should mirror the usual practices followed in the two Countries for such devices. Thus, to facilitate social robots’ future visibility and adoption by both individuals and health care organisations, policy makers would need to start integrating them into official ATDs databases.
Properties Augmentation of Cast Hypereutectic Al–Si Alloy Through Friction Stir Processing
Authors: Bates William P. , Patel Vivek , Rana Harikrishna , Andersson Joel , De Backer Jeroen , Igestrand Mattias , Fratini Livan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe present endeavour is to augment mechanical attributes via friction stir processing (FSP) in hypereutectic aluminium–silicon castings by the means of microstructural modifications and defects reduction. Wherein, the study proceeds with mainly two approaches namely, alteration in tool revolution (TR) and the number of FSP passes. The prepared specimens were evaluated investigating volume fraction of porosities, microstructural characterizations and microhardness. Therefrom, the specimen with highest number of passes delivered most uniform properties resulting from the reduction in casting porosities and refined silicon particle uniform distribution throughout friction stir processed zone. This endeavour may be considered as a footstep towards more industrial readied material transformation.
Graphical Abstract
Fault detection and diagnosis for industrial processes based on clustering and autoencoders: a case of gas turbines
Authors: Barrera Jose M. , Reina Alejandro , Mate Alejandro , Trujillo Juan C. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIndustrial machinery maintenance constitutes an important part of the manufacturing company’s budget. Fault Detection and Diagnosis (henceforth referenced as FDD) plays a key role on maintenance, since it allows for shorter maintenance times and, in the long run, to train predictive maintenance algorithms. The impact of proper maintenance is reflected on an especially costly type of industrial machine: gas turbines. These devices are complex, large pieces of machinery that cause considerable service disruption when downtime occurs. In an effort to shorten these service disruptions and establish the basis for the development of predictive maintenance, we present in this paper an approach to FDD of industrial machinery, such as gas turbines. Our approach exploits the data generated by industrial machinery to train a machine-learning based architecture, combining several algorithms with autoencoders and sliding windows. Our proposed solution helps to achieve early malfunctioning detection and has been tested using real data from real working environments. In order to build our solution, first, we analyze the behavior of the gas turbine from a mathematical point of view. Then, we develop an architecture that is capable of detecting when the gas turbine presents an abnormal behavior. The great advantage of our proposal is that (i) does not require existing disruption data, which can be difficult to obtain, (ii) is not limited to processes with specific time windows, and (iii) provides crucial information in real time to the monitoring staff, generating valuable data for further predictive maintenance. It is worth highlighting that although we exemplify our approach using gas turbines, our approach can be tailored to other FDD problems in complex industrial processes with variable duration that could benefit from the aforementioned advantages.
Management reasoning scripts: Qualitative exploration using simulated physician-patient encounters
Authors: Cook David A. , Stephenson Christopher R. , Gruppen Larry D. , Durning Steven J. 
Published: June 2022

Introduction Management reasoning is distinct from diagnostic reasoning and remains incompletely understood. The authors sought to empirically investigate the concept of management scripts.
Methods In November 2020, 4 investigators each reviewed 10 video clips of simulated outpatient physician-patient encounters, and used a coding form to document observations about management reasoning. The team used constant comparative analysis to integrate empirically-grounded insights with theories related to cognitive scripts and Type 1/Type 2 thinking.
Results Management scripts are precompiled conceptual knowledge structures that represent and connect management options and clinician tasks in a temporal or logical sequence. Management scripts appear to differ substantially from illness scripts. Management scripts varied in quality (in content, sequence, flexibility, and fluency) and generality. The authors empirically identified six key features (components) of management scripts: the problem (diagnosis); management options; preferences, values, and constraints; education needs; interactions; and encounter flow. The authors propose a heuristic framework describing script activation, selection, instantiation with case-specific details, and application to guide development of the management plan. They further propose that management reasoning reflects iterative, back-and-forth involvement of both Type 1 (non-analytic, effortless) and Type 2 (analytic, effortful) thinking. Type 1 thinking likely influences initial script activation, selection, and initial instantiation. Type 2 increasingly influences subsequent script revisions, as activation, selection, and instantiation become more deliberate (effortful) and more hypothetical (involving mental simulation).
Discussion Management scripts constitute a key feature of management reasoning, and could represent a new target for training in clinical reasoning (distinct from illness scripts).
Developing sequentially trained robust Punjabi speech recognition system under matched and mismatched conditions
Authors: Bawa Puneet , Kadyan Virender , Tripathy Abinash , Singh Thipendra P. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDevelopment of a native language robust ASR framework is very challenging as well as an active area of research. Although an urge for investigation of effective front-end as well as back-end approaches are required for tackling environment differences, large training complexity and inter-speaker variability in achieving success of a recognition system. In this paper, four front-end approaches: mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC), Gammatone frequency cepstral coefficients (GFCC), relative spectral-perceptual linear prediction (RASTA-PLP) and power-normalized cepstral coefficients (PNCC) have been investigated to generate unique and robust feature vectors at different SNR values. Furthermore, to handle the large training data complexity, parameter optimization has been performed with sequence-discriminative training techniques: maximum mutual information (MMI), minimum phone error (MPE), boosted-MMI (bMMI), and state-level minimum Bayes risk (sMBR). It has been demonstrated by selection of an optimal value of parameters using lattice generation, and adjustments of learning rates. In proposed framework, four different systems have been tested by analyzing various feature extraction approaches (with or without speaker normalization through Vocal Tract Length Normalization (VTLN) approach in test set) and classification strategy on with or without artificial extension of train dataset. To compare each system performance, true matched (adult train and test—S1, child train and test—S2) and mismatched (adult train and child test—S3, adult + child train and child test—S4) systems on large adult and very small Punjabi clean speech corpus have been demonstrated. Consequently, gender-based in-domain data augmented is used to moderate acoustic and phonetic variations throughout adult and children’s speech under mismatched conditions. The experiment result shows that an effective framework developed on PNCC + VTLN front-end approach using TDNN-sMBR-based model through parameter optimization technique yields a relative improvement (RI) of 40.18%, 47.51%, and 49.87% in matched, mismatched and gender-based in-domain augmented system under typical clean and noisy conditions, respectively.
The impact of a comprehensive coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection prevention bundle on non–COVID-19 hospital-acquired respiratory viral infection (HA-RVI) rates
Authors: Seidelman Jessica L. , DiBiase Lauren , Kalu Ibukunoluwa C. , Lewis Sarah S. , Sickbert-Bennett Emily , Weber David J. , Smith Becky A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAfter implementing a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection prevention bundle, the incidence rate ratio (IRR) of non–severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (non–SARS-CoV-2) hospital-acquired respiratory viral infection (HA-RVI) was significantly lower than the IRR from the pre–COVID-19 period (IRR, 0.322; 95% CI, 0.266–0.393; P < .01). However, HA-RVIs incidence rates mirrored community RVI trends, suggesting that hospital interventions alone did not significantly affect HA-RVI incidence.
Subnational Social Investment in Three European Cities: An Exploratory Comparison
Authors: SCALISE GEMMA , HEMERIJCK ANTON 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWith the evolution towards more service-intensive social investment welfare states across Europe, research on the institutional capacities of subnational welfare provision is increasingly relevant. Based on a comparative case analysis of three post-industrial municipalities in Europe, this article harbors a two-pronged objective: first, empirically, to show how regional and local governance capabilities are crucial to effective SI policy delivery; second, more positively, to bring out the proficiency of vertical coordination between national administration and subnational layers, alongside the critical role of horizontal policy discretion at the local level to align social benefits and capacitating services for the success of SI delivery; and, by implication, the overall responsiveness of national welfare systems to the changing nature of 21st century socioeconomic risks.
An Epidemiological Analysis of Terrorism-Related Attacks in Eastern Europe from 1970 to 2019
Authors: Tin Derrick , Barten Dennis G. , Goniewicz Krzysztof , Burkle Frederick M. , Ciottone Gregory R. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroduction:Over the past five decades, Eastern Europe has seen relatively little in terms of terrorist attacks. The recent escalation of the Russo-Ukrainian conflict has, however, placed a new spotlight on the region, and new questions and concerns around war, conflict, insurgency, and terrorism are being posed. The Russian invasion and extensive combat operations, the largest in Europe since World War II, are occurring across Ukraine where there are 15 active nuclear reactors, not including the Chernobyl site, that are vulnerable to attack or sabotage. In addition, Eastern Europe has been heavily affected by COVID-19, exposing broad vulnerabilities in an otherwise fragile health care system. This raises concerns over the ability of Eastern European health care institutions to absorb surge and manage terrorist attacks or acts of violent extremism. This study provides an epidemiological description of all terrorism-related fatalities and injuries in Eastern Europe sustained from 1970 – 2019.Method:Data collection was performed using a retrospective database search through the Global Terrorism Database (GTD). The GTD was searched using the internal database functions for all terrorism events which occurred in Eastern Europe from January 1, 1970 - December 31, 2019. Years 2020 and 2021 were not yet available at the time of this study. Primary weapon type, country where the incident occurred, and number of deaths and injured were collated. Results were exported into an Excel spreadsheet (Microsoft Corp.; Redmond, Washington USA) for analysis.Results:There were 3,901 terrorism-related events in Eastern Europe between the years 1970 and 2019, inclusive. In total, the attacks resulted in 5,391 deaths and 9,538 persons injured. Explosives were the most commonly used weapon type in 59.2% of all attacks in the region, followed by firearms in 27.6%.Conclusion:From 1970 through 2019, a total of 3,901 terrorist attacks occurred in Eastern Europe, inflicting 5,391 deaths and 9,538 injuries. Of those, 72.3% occurred in Russia and Ukraine. Terrorist attacks sharply declined since the peak in 2014, but there is an overall uptrend in attacks since the 1970s.
ManuelZapataOlivella,Racial Politics and Pan-Africanism in Colombia in the 1970s
Authors: Ochoa Laura Correa 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe First Congress of Black Culture of the Americas, held in Cali, Colombia, in August 1977 and organized by Afro-Colombian intellectual Manuel Zapata Olivella, was the first Pan-Africanist conference held in Latin America. This paper examines the obstacles Afro-Latin American activists faced in organizing a racially defined event and analyzes how they articulated their own interpretations of black radical politics. It shows that a Pan-Africanist event in Latin America had to account for ideologies of racial harmony and mixture. Observers throughout the region mobilized these ideas to discredit the First Congress as a racist and illegitimate threat to mestizo nationhood. Afro-Latin American activists used it as a platform to debate and denounce ideologies of racial harmony and mixture which many argued cloaked racism and impeded black mobilization. However, for many of the delegates engaging with black radical politics did not imply an absolute rejection of these ideas, but instead highlighted the varying ways in which Afro-Latin American activists understood and contested these concepts in the 1970s. Many Afro-Latin American delegates, even those who were openly critical of ideologies of racial harmony, called for multiracial forms of solidarity and expressed support for culturally mixed visions of the nation-state.