bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histoplasma capsulatum modulates the immune response, affects proliferation and differentiation, and induces apoptosis of mesenchymal stromal cells
Authors: Rodríguez‐Echeverri Carolina , Gómez Beatriz L. , González Ángel 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) have been widely used not only for tissue regeneration but also for the treatment of various diseases; however, it has been shown that infection of MSCs by different pathogens can attenuate their intrinsic immunomodulatory properties, affecting the proliferation and differentiation of these cells. Currently, the mechanisms by which MSCs respond to pathogen invasion are poorly understood. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to determine if the infection of bone marrow‐derived MSCs, with yeasts of the pathogenic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum affects the activation, differentiation and/or proliferation of the MSCs. The results indicate that MSCs have the ability to phagocytose H. capsulatum yeasts but do not exert a notable antifungal effect. On the contrary, the infection of the MSCs with this fungal pathogen not only modulates the expression of inflammatory mediators by a mechanism dependent on TLR2, TLR4 and Dectin‐1 but also affects the viability and differentiation capacity of the MSCs. These findings suggest that infection of MSCs by H. capsulatum could not only affect haematopoiesis but also modulate the immune response in the infected host and, furthermore, these MSCs could provide a niche for the fungus, allowing it to persist and evade the immune response of the host.
Synchronous odontogenic tumors: A systematic review
Authors: Neumann Bruna Luísa , Só Bruna Barcelos , Santos Lucas Gonçalves , Silveira Felipe Martins , Wagner Vivian Petersen , Vargas Pablo Agustin , dos Santos Jean Nunes , Mosqueda‐Taylor Adalberto , Fonseca Felipe Paiva , Schuch Lauren Frenzel , Martins Manoela Domingues 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis systematic review aimed to incorporate published information about synchronous odontogenic tumors (SOTs) with an analysis of the demographic and clinical characteristics from the cases published in the literature. Case reports and case series of SOT were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and EMBASE. A descriptive statistical analysis was performed. Twenty‐eight studies comprising 30 cases of SOTs were included. Considering all cases published, SOTs mostly occurred simultaneously in the maxilla and mandible (n = 19/63.3%). Lesions were bifocal in 13 (43.3% of all the 30 cases) and multifocal in 17 cases (56.7% of all the 30 cases). All SOTs available in the literature presented the same type of lesion, and two of them also involved another different SOT (n = 2/6.7% of all the 30 cases). Out of all published cases, the most frequent SOTs in the literature were odontomas (n = 10/33.3% of all the 30 cases), squamous odontogenic tumors (OTs) (n = 8/26.7% of all the 30 cases), calcifying epithelial OTs (n = 8/26.7% of all the 30 cases), and adenomatoid OTs (n = 2/6.7% of all the 30 cases). Considering all SOTs cases included, the overall recurrence was 13.3%. Inside a subgroup of the lesion, synchronous calcifying epithelial OT presented the highest (25%). Five cases (16.7% of all the 30 cases) had a previously associated syndrome, with two cases of Schimmelpenning syndrome being reported. Among published SOTs, odontomas were the most common. All SOTs available in the scientific literature showed the same type of OT and mainly affected both jaws simultaneously. Only a few of these cases were associated with a syndrome.
Abatement of microfibre pollution and detoxification of textile dye – Indigo by engineered plant enzymes
Authors: Wakade Geetanjali , Lin Shina , Saha Prasenjit , Kumari Uma , Daniell Henry 
Published: October 2022

SummaryMicrofibres (diameter <5 mm) and textile dyes released from textile industries are ubiquitous, cause environmental pollution, and harm aquatic flora, fauna, animals and human life. Therefore, enzymatic abatement of microfibre pollution and textile dye detoxification is essential. Microbial enzymes for such application present major challenges of scale and affordability to clean up large scale pollution. Therefore, enzymes required for the biodegradation of microfibres and indigo dye were expressed in transplastomic tobacco plants through chloroplast genetic engineering. Integration of laccase and lignin peroxidase genes into the tobacco chloroplast genomes and homoplasmy was confirmed by Southern blots. Decolorization (up to 86%) of samples containing indigo dye (100 mg/L) was obtained using cp‐laccase (0.5% plant enzyme powder). Significant (8‐fold) reduction in commercial microbial cellulase cocktail was achieved in pretreated cotton fibre hydrolysis by supplementing cost effective cellulases (endoglucanases, ß‐glucosidases) and accessory enzymes (swollenin, xylanase, lipase) and ligninases (laccase lignin peroxidase) expressed in chloroplasts. Microfibre hydrolysis using cocktail of Cp‐cellulases and Cp‐accessory enzymes along with minimal dose (0.25% and 0.5%) of commercial cellulase blend (Ctec2) showed 88%–89% of sugar release from pretreated cotton and microfibres. Cp‐ligninases, Cp‐cellulases and Cp‐accessory enzymes were stable in freeze dried leaves up to 15 and 36 months respectively at room temperature, when protected from light. Use of plant powder for decolorization or hydrolysis eliminated the need for preservatives, purification or concentration or cold chain. Evidently, abatement of microfibre pollution and textile dye detoxification using Cp‐enzymes is a novel and cost‐effective approach to prevent their environmental pollution.
Vascular epiphyte populations with higher leaf nutrient concentrations showed weaker resilience to an extreme drought in a montane cloud forest
Authors: Hu T. , Liu W. Y. , Wen H. D. , Song L. , Zhang T. T. , Chen Q. , Liu S. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Leaf stoichiometry can characterize plant ecological strategies and correlate with plant responses to climate change. The role of vascular epiphytes in the ecosystem processes of tropical and subtropical forest ecosystems cannot be ignored. Vascular epiphytes are very vulnerable to climate change, however, the relationship between the response of epiphytes to climate change and leaf stoichiometry is not well understood.

We present data for 19 vascular epiphyte species that were collected during four consecutive censuses (in 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020) over 15 years in a subtropical montane cloud forest. We assessed the relationships between the population dynamics and leaf stoichiometry of these vascular epiphytes.

Experiencing an extreme drought, 14 of the 19 epiphyte species showed an obvious decrease in the number of individuals, and all species showed negative growth in the number of populations. Subsequently, the total number of individuals gradually recovered, increasing from 7,195 in 2010 to 10,121 in 2015, then to 13,667 in 2020. The increase in the number of vascular epiphyte individuals from 2010 to 2015 was significantly negatively correlated with leaf nitrogen and phosphorus concentration, and was significantly positively correlated with the leaf carbon‐nitrogen ratio.

Vascular epiphyte populations with higher leaf nutrient concentrations exhibited weaker resilience to the extreme drought, which demonstrated that a resource‐conservative strategy was advantageous for the recovery of epiphyte populations. Our findings suggest that ecological stoichiometry can be a useful framework for forecasting the dynamics of vascular epiphyte populations in response to climate change.
How police agency diversity, policies, and outcomes shape citizen trust and willingness to engage
Authors: Stauffer Katelyn E. , Song Miyeon , Shoub Kelsey 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWhile widespread agreement that policing in the United States needs to be reformed arose in the summer of 2020, little consensus about specific reforms was reached. A common theme that arose, however, is a general lack of trust in the police. One response has been to increase agency diversity in terms of both officer race and officer gender. However, important questions exist about when – and what type(s) of – diversity shape citizen trust in and willingness to cooperate with the police – especially when considered in conjunction with agency performance and policies. To answer these questions, we use two conjoint experiments to evaluate whether citizens consider diversity when evaluating police agencies. We find that while both racial and gender diversity can influence public evaluations sometimes, these effects tend to emerge in the context of only the most (least) diverse institutions and are muted compared to the effects of agency policies and performance.
RHD genotyping to resolve weak and discrepant RhD patient phenotypes
Authors: Barriteau Christina M. , Lindholm Paul F. , Hartman Karyn , Sumugod Ricardo D. , Ramsey Glenn 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundWe instituted RHD genotyping in our transfusion service for obstetrical patients and transfusion candidates. We sought to examine how RHD genotyping resolved weak or discrepant automated microplate direct agglutination (MDA) RhD phenotypings and impacted needs for Rh Immune Globulin (RhIG) and D‐negative RBCs.Study Design and MethodsWe investigated RhD phenotypes with equivocal or reagent‐discrepant automated MDA (Immucor, Norcross, GA), weak‐2+ immediate‐spin tube typings, historically discrepant RhD typings, or D+ typings with anti‐D. We performed microarray RHD genotyping (RHD BeadChip, Immucor BioArray Solutions, Warren, NJ). Patients were managed as D+ with weak‐D types 1, 2, and 3, and as D‐negative with all other results.ResultsOur weak‐D prevalence was 0.14%. Among 138 patients (73 obstetrics, 65 transfusion candidates), 38% had weak‐D types 1, 2 or 3, 25% weak partial type 4.0, 21% other partial‐D variant alleles, and 15% no variant detected. One novel allele with weak partial type 4.0 variants plus c.150T>C (Val50Val) was discovered. Weak D types 1, 2 or 3 were identified in 66% (48/73) of Whites versus 3% (2/62) of diverse ethnic patients (p < .0001). RHD genotyping changed RhD management in 60 patients (43%) (49 to D+, 11 to D‐negative), resulting in net conservation of D‐negative RBCs (98 avoided, 14 given) and RhIG (8 avoided, 3 given).ConclusionIn our patient population, equivocal or reagent‐discrepant MDA RhD phenotypes were highly specific for weak‐D or partial‐D RHD genotypes. Resolution of RHD genotype status reduced our use of D‐negative RBCs and RhIG.
A Physics-Guided Neural Operator Learning Approach to Model Biological Tissues From Digital Image Correlation Measurements
Authors: You Huaiqian , Zhang Quinn , Ross Colton J. , Lee Chung-Hao , Hsu Ming-Chen , Yu Yue 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We present a data-driven workflow to biological tissue modeling, which aims to predict the displacement field based on digital image correlation (DIC) measurements under unseen loading scenarios, without postulating a specific constitutive model form nor possessing knowledge of the material microstructure. To this end, a material database is constructed from the DIC displacement tracking measurements of multiple biaxial stretching protocols on a porcine tricuspid valve anterior leaflet, with which we build a neural operator learning model. The material response is modeled as a solution operator from the loading to the resultant displacement field, with the material microstructure properties learned implicitly from the data and naturally embedded in the network parameters. Using various combinations of loading protocols, we compare the predictivity of this framework with finite element analysis based on three conventional constitutive models. From in-distribution tests, the predictivity of our approach presents good generalizability to different loading conditions and outperforms the conventional constitutive modeling at approximately one order of magnitude. When tested on out-of-distribution loading ratios, the neural operator learning approach becomes less effective. To improve the generalizability of our framework, we propose a physics-guided neural operator learning model via imposing partial physics knowledge. This method is shown to improve the model's extrapolative performance in the small-deformation regime. Our results demonstrate that with sufficient data coverage and/or guidance from partial physics constraints, the data-driven approach can be a more effective method for modeling biological materials than the traditional constitutive modeling.
Next Generation Air Plasma Spray Porous Thermal Barrier Coatings for Gas Turbine Combustors
Authors: Rudrapatna Nagaraja , Lutz Bradley , Kington Harry 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Modern gas turbine combustors rely on thermal barrier coatings (TBC) in addition to sophisticated cooling strategies to survive high temperature environments. The need for lower emissions either driven by International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) regulations or by customer's desire for green engines often necessitates an increased air budget for improved mixing, thus resulting in less available cooling flow. Even with state-of-the-art cooling schemes to offset reduced cooling air allocation, combustors can benefit from better TBC performance to mitigate durability challenges. This paper showcases the next generation air plasma spray (APS) porous TBC developed by Honeywell as well as discusses tests performed and results gathered to assess its suitability for combustor application. A configured test specimen was utilized to evaluate suitability of a new coating system for combustor application. The configured specimen captures the material system, geometric features, manufacturing, and assembly process associated with combustor fabrication and thus provides a realistic environment for performance assessment. The configured specimen test results indicate the new APS porous TBC showed better performance than the standard 6–8% Yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) porous TBC. The new TBC with its lower conductivity at higher temperature increased thickness capability, and superior stability at substantially higher temperature than 6–8% YSZ TBC enables hot section components to survive hotter engine cycles.
Temperature Dependent Property Considerations for Biot Number Matching With Composite Materials
Authors: Bryant Carol E. , Rutledge James L. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
High-temperature materials such as ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) are promising for advancements in gas turbine engines; however, experimental techniques are necessary to characterize the thermal behavior of high-temperature materials in scaled representative environments. In turbine cooling applications, the results of low-temperature experiments in laboratories must be scaled to the intended operating conditions to predict the thermal state at high-temperature engine conditions where such measurements are generally not feasible. Scaling of turbine cooling experiments with metallic components has been aided by the fortuitous fact that the thermal conductivity of turbine-relevant metal alloys varies with temperature in such a way that the Biot number is relatively insensitive to temperature, at least to the extent that Biot number affects the overall effectiveness. However, unlike traditional metallic alloys, materials such as CMCs have unique anisotropic thermal conductivities which vary with temperature in quite different ways than traditional metals. The through-thickness and in-plane thermal conductivities of CMCs may vary with temperature in different ways, thereby adding further complexity. Since most existing low-temperature experimental methods were developed with isotropic metallic alloys in mind, it is necessary to consider the potential for errors due to the unique characteristics of composite materials. Analyses to determine the expected Biot number errors for various composite materials were conducted at a range of experimental conditions. These are compared to a traditional metallic alloy for context and computational simulations were performed on the various materials at engine and laboratory conditions. Additionally, a novel technique was implemented to isolate and quantify the effects of both Biot number and fluid property mismatches at low temperatures. The results show overall effectiveness experiments conducted at low temperatures using composite materials will likely have a large error and could significantly skew the expected thermal characteristics of a turbine component. Careful experimental design should be practiced to mitigate the effect that a mismatched Biot number can have on experimental results.
A Switched Dynamical System Approach to the Flow and Heat Transfer of Immiscible Fluids
Authors: Hosham Hany A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This paper provides important insights into immiscible fluids models, which can exhibit complex nonlinear behavior due to variations in thickness, viscosity, thermal conductivity, and jump velocity fields across the interface surface. These characteristics will be used to model our problem as a switching dynamical system. The bifurcation tools for switching systems will be used to create a systematic computational analysis of the rise dynamics of the behavior of solutions influenced by the interface surface. This technique is applied to investigate the flow and heat transfer behavior of two immiscible fluids for a recently proposed model. The explicit formula for tracking the accurate behavior of the interface surface, which is used as a critical part of the bifurcation analysis, is provided. The results show that the existence of heteroclinic connections and switching stability of multiple equilibria are the primary causes of the formation of a novel class of trapping phenomena. The biological significance of our results on flow and heat transfer characteristics is discussed.
A Unit of Shock-Ionized Dynistors with a High-Voltage Pulse Sharpener in the Control Circuit
Authors: Korotkov S. V. , Aristov Yu. V. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The results from studies of a high-voltage unit of shock-ionized dynistors in the switching mode of current pulses with an amplitude of several kiloamperes and a rise rate of up to 100 kA/μs are presented. The control circuit of this unit with a front sharpener of the trigger voltage pulses is described, which provides a significant reduction in energy losses in dynistors.
Cost optimisation analysis of the expanded programme for immunisation: balancing equity and coverage in Pakistan
Authors: Houdroge Farah , Yunus Hammad , Delport Dominic , Stearns Erin , Palmer Anna , Naim Amber , Kashif Aliya , Pyne Hnin Hnin , Scott Nick , Oelrichs Robert , Wilson David 
Published: October 2022

IntroductionWith limited resources, attaining maximal average health service coverage can be at odds with maximising equity which attempts to promote greater reach among underserved populations. In this study, we examined the trade-offs in immunisation coverage levels and equity for children under 5 years of age in Pakistan across various subpopulations who can be targeted with different combinations of immunisation service modalities.MethodsWe conducted a detailed costing exercise across 16 geographically and demographically diverse districts in Pakistan. These data were the basis for (a) technical efficiency benchmarking via Data Envelopment Analysis to identify potential efficiency gains by location, delivery model and cost ingredient; (b) allocative efficiency optimisation modelling to understand how resource allocations could be optimised and to devise recommended budget allocations and operational metrics. Finally, the hypothetical overall efficiency gains attainable were estimated if available resources were allocated with the optimal emphases, and if service delivery models operated at productivity levels at the benchmarked frontier of efficiency.ResultsBenchmarking suggests that ~44% of delivery models are running efficiently and 37% are highly inefficient. While coverage and equity are usually at odds, surprisingly, the optimisation modelling revealed that substantial improvements in equity between subpopulations does not necessarily cost very much in overall immunisation coverage: theoretically, equity can be achieved while still attaining close to maximal immunisation coverage. Overall, analyses suggest greater emphases should be placed on outreach delivery models which particularly target rural areas and slum populations.ConclusionThe unit cost differentials within districts are not sufficiently large for there to be a large reduction in potential Fully Immunised Children coverage if one focuses on maximising equity. However, reallocations of programme budgets can have a significant impact on equity outcomes, particularly at current low spending amounts. Therefore, it is recommended to address equity as the key objective in national immunisation programming.
Adults with spinal muscular atrophy: a large-scale natural history study shows gender effect on disease
Authors: Maggi Lorenzo , Bello Luca , Bonanno Silvia , Govoni Alessandra , Caponnetto Claudia , Passamano Luigia , Grandis Marina , Trojsi Francesca , Cerri Federica , Gardani Alice , Ferraro Manfredi , Gadaleta Giulio , Zangaro Vittoria , Caumo Luca , Maioli Mariantonietta , Tanel Raffaella , Saccani Elena , Meneri Megi , Vacchiano Veria , Ricci Giulia , Sorarù Gianni , D'Errico Eustachio , Bortolani Sara , Pavesi Giovanni , Gellera Cinzia , Zanin Riccardo , Corti Stefania , Silvestrini Mauro , Politano Luisa , Schenone Angelo , Previtali Stefano Carlo , Berardinelli Angela , Turri Mara , Verriello Lorenzo , Coccia Michela , Mantegazza Renato , Liguori Rocco , Filosto Massimiliano , Marrosu Gianni , Tiziano Francesco Danilo , Siciliano Gabriele , Simone Isabella Laura , Mongini Tiziana , Comi Giacomo , Pegoraro Elena 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundNatural history of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) in adult age has not been fully elucidated yet, including factors predicting disease progression and response to treatments. Aim of this retrospective, cross-sectional study, is to investigate motor function across different ages, disease patterns and gender in adult SMA untreated patients.MethodsInclusion criteria were as follows: (1) clinical and molecular diagnosis of SMA2, SMA3 or SMA4 and (2) clinical assessments performed in adult age (>18 years).ResultsWe included 64 (38.8%) females and 101 (61.2%) males (p=0.0025), among which 21 (12.7%) SMA2, 141 (85.5%) SMA3 and 3 (1.8%) SMA4. Ratio of sitters/walkers within the SMA3 subgroup was significantly (p=0.016) higher in males (46/38) than in females (19/38). Median age at onset was significantly (p=0.0071) earlier in females (3 years; range 0–16) than in males (4 years; range 0.3–28), especially in patients carrying 4SMN2copies. Median Hammersmith Functional Rating Scale Expanded scores were significantly (p=0.0040) lower in males (16, range 0–64) than in females (40, range 0–62); median revised upper limb module scores were not significantly (p=0.059) different between males (24, 0-38) and females (33, range 0–38), although a trend towards worse performance in males was observed. In SMA3 patients carrying three or four SMN2 copies, an effect of female sex in prolonging ambulation was statistically significant (p=0.034).ConclusionsOur data showed a relevant gender effect on SMA motor function with higher disease severity in males especially in the young adult age and in SMA3 patients.