bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of single versus multistrain probiotic in extremely preterm infants: a randomised trial
Authors: Athalye-Jape Gayatri , Esvaran Meera , Patole Sanjay , Simmer Karen , Nathan Elizabeth , Doherty Dorota , Keil Anthony , Rao Shripada , Chen Liwei , Chandrasekaran Lakshmi , Kok Chooi , Schuster Stephan , Conway Patricia 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveEvidence indicates that multistrain probiotics benefit preterm infants more than single-strain (SS) probiotics. We assessed the effects of SS versus triple-strain (TS) probiotic supplementation (PS) in extremely preterm (EP) infants.DesignEP infants (gestational age (GA) <28 weeks) were randomly allocated to TS or SS probiotic, assuring blinding. Reference (REF) group was EP infants in the placebo arm of our previous probiotic trial. PS was commenced with feeds and continued until 37 weeks’ corrected GA. Primary outcome was time to full feed (TFF: 150 mL/kg/day). Secondary outcomes included short-chain fatty acids and faecal microbiota collected at T1 (first week) and T2 (after 3 weeks of PS) using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing.Results173 EP (SS: 86, TS: 87) neonates with similar GA and birth weight (BW) were randomised. Median TFF was comparable (11 (IQR 8–16) vs 10 (IQR 8–16) days, p=0.92). Faecal propionate (SS, p<0.001, and TS, p=0.0009) and butyrate levels (TS, p=0.029) were significantly raised in T2 versus T1 samples. Secondary clinical outcomes were comparable. At T2, alpha diversity was comparable (p>0.05) between groups, whereas beta-diversity analysis revealed significant differences between PS and REF groups (both p=0.001). Actinobacteria were higher (both p<0.01), and Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were lower in PS versus REF. Gammaproteobacteria, Clostridia and Negativicutes were lower in both PS versus REF.ConclusionTFF in EP infants was similar between SS and TS probiotics. Both probiotics were effective in reducing dysbiosis (higher bifidobacteria and lower Gammaproteobacteria). Long-term significance of increased propionate and butyrate needs further studies.Trial registration numberACTRN 12615000940572.
Implementing care for healthy ageing
Authors: Cesari Matteo , Sumi Yuka , Han Zee A , Perracini Monica , Jang Hyobum , Briggs Andrew , Amuthavalli Thiyagarajan Jotheeswaran , Sadana Ritu , Banerjee Anshu 
Published: February 2022

The WHO concept of Healthy Ageing (ie, the process of developing and maintaining the functional ability that enables well-being in older age) has initiated a global discussion about the need for shifting paradigms to reorient health and social services towards person-centred and coordinated models of care. In particular, the integration of health and social care services is critical to provide the basis for comprehensive information sharing and service delivery to support the evolution of the older person over time. The capability to monitor and respond to an older person’s changing health and social care needs will enable prompt and personalised health and social care plans to be implemented.The implementation of an integrated care approach involves all the settings where persons age, but also requires a concerted action among micro (clinical), meso (service delivery) and macro (system) level. The community is of particular relevance given the primary objective of "ageing in place". However, from the perspective of the continuum of care and services acting synergistically, all health and social care settings (including long-term care facilities and hospitals) need to evolve and embrace an integrated way of operating to support functional ability in older people, while maximising resource and information sharing efficiencies.In this paper, we explain that government actions to promote well-being in older age should be built on a seamless continuum of care starting from the assessment of the older person’s intrinsic capacity and functional ability with the final aim of providing care aligned with the individual’s needs and priorities.
Use of a community advisory board to build equitable algorithms for participation in clinical trials: a protocol paper for HoPeNET
Authors: Farmer Nicole , Osei Baah Foster , Williams Faustine , Ortiz-Chapparo Erika , Mitchell Valerie M , Jackson Latifa , Collins Billy , Graham Lennox , Wallen Gwenyth R , Powell-Wiley Tiffany M , Johnson Allan 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionParticipation from racial and ethnic minorities in clinical trials has been burdened by issues surrounding mistrust and access to healthcare. There is emerging use of machine learning (ML) in clinical trial recruitment and evaluation. However, for individuals from groups who are recipients of societal biases, utilisation of ML can lead to the creation and use of biased algorithms. To minimise bias, the design of equitable ML tools that advance health equity could be guided by community engagement processes. The Howard University Partnership with the National Institutes of Health for Equitable Clinical Trial Participation for Racial/Ethnic Communities Underrepresented in Research (HoPeNET) seeks to create an ML-based infrastructure from community advisory board (CAB) experiences to enhance participation of African-Americans/Blacks in clinical trials.Methods and analysisThis triphased cross-sectional study (24 months, n=56) will create a CAB of community members and research investigators. The three phases of the study include: (1) identification of perceived barriers/facilitators to clinical trial engagement through qualitative/quantitative methods and systems-based model building participation; (2) operation of CAB meetings and (3) development of a predictive ML tool and outcome evaluation. Identified predictors from the participant-derived systems-based map will be used for the ML tool development.Ethics and disseminationWe anticipate minimum risk for participants. Institutional review board approval and informed consent has been obtained and patient confidentiality ensured.
Developing, implementing and governing artificial intelligence in medicine: a step-by-step approach to prevent an artificial intelligence winter
Authors: van de Sande Davy , Van Genderen Michel E , Smit Jim M. , Huiskens Joost , Visser Jacob J. , Veen Robert E. R. , van Unen Edwin , BA Oliver Hilgers , Gommers Diederik , Bommel Jasper van 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveAlthough the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine is increasingly studied, most patients do not benefit because the majority of AI models remain in the testing and prototyping environment. The development and implementation trajectory of clinical AI models are complex and a structured overview is missing. We therefore propose a step-by-step overview to enhance clinicians’ understanding and to promote quality of medical AI research.MethodsWe summarised key elements (such as current guidelines, challenges, regulatory documents and good practices) that are needed to develop and safely implement AI in medicine.ConclusionThis overview complements other frameworks in a way that it is accessible to stakeholders without prior AI knowledge and as such provides a step-by-step approach incorporating all the key elements and current guidelines that are essential for implementation, and can thereby help to move AI from bytes to bedside.
Nrf2 activation in the human brain after stroke due to supratentorial intracerebral haemorrhage: a case–control study
Authors: Christopher Edward , Loan James J M , Samarasekera Neshika , McDade Karina , Rose Jamie , Barrington Jack , Hughes Jeremy , Smith Colin , Al-Shahi Salman Rustam 
Published: February 2022

AimsPharmacological activation of the antioxidative transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) improves outcomes in experimental models of intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH). However, the Nrf2 pathway has not been previously studied in humans after ICH. Our study aims to address this gap.MethodsWe selected cases with fatal ICH from a prospective community-based inception cohort study and age-matched and sex-matched controls who died suddenly of non-neurological disease. We used immunohistochemistry to quantify Nrf2 (% total area stained overall and % of nuclei stained) and CD68 expression in controls and perihaematomal, ipsilateral and contralateral brain tissue from cases. We measured downstream haem oxygenase-1 (HMOX1) and NAD(P)H dehydrogenase quinone 1 [NQO1] expression using RNA in situ hybridisation.Results26 ICH cases (median age: 82 (IQR 76–86); 13 (50%) male) and eight controls (median age: 79 (IQR 77–80); 3 (37.5%) male) were included. We found no significant differences in overall % of Nrf2 staining between ICH cases and controls. However, the mean % of nuclei staining for Nrf2 seemed higher in perihaematomal compared with contralateral regions, although this was only statistically significant >60 days after ICH (25% (95% CI 17% to 33%) vs 14% (95% CI 11% to 17%), p=0.029). The percentage of perihaematomal tissue staining for CD68 was higher >60 days after ICH (6.75%, 95% CI 2.78% to 10.73%) compared with contralateral tissue (1.45%, 95% CI 0.93% to 1.96%, p=0.027) and controls (1.08%, 95% CI 0.20% to 1.97%, p=0.0008). RNA in situ hybridisation suggested increased abundance of HMOX1 and NQO1 transcripts in perihaematomal versus distant ipsilateral brain tissue obtained <7 days from onset of ICH.ConclusionsWe found evidence of Nrf2 activation in human brain tissue after ICH. Pharmacological augmentation of Nrf2 activation after ICH might be a promising therapeutic approach.
Pattern and prevalence of eye disorders and diseases in school-aged children: findings from the Nationwide School Sight Sampling Survey in Armenia
Authors: Jrbashyan Nairuhi , Yeghiazaryan Nune , Sikder Abu , Nallasamy Sudha , Reid Mark W , Ohanesian Roger , Lee Thomas C , Espinoza Juan 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveThis study aims to identify the prevalence of eye disorders and their causes among secondary schoolchildren aged 6–15 years old in Armenia, based on analysis of the Nationwide School Sight Sampling Survey.Methods and AnalysisA two-stage proportionate stratified cluster sample was designed for the survey. 22 600 students were screened for visual acuity in schools; 5944 of them were selected for analysis as a nationally representative sample. Those with 20/40 or worse vision were referred to photoscreening and rapid ophthalmic assessment in schools and then were provided with vouchers for free comprehensive eye examination in eye clinics. Data were collected through data collection forms and analysed using SPSS V.23.ResultsWhile majority of the children (85%) had normal vision, 15% had a visual acuity ≤20/40. The prevalence of vision impairment (VI) in at least one eye was 9.7% and blindness in at least one eye was 0.05%. The prevalence of abnormal vision and VI was higher among girls and older children. VI was more prevalent in urban areas. The most common diagnoses were myopia (60%), astigmatism (33.7%), hyperopia (29.5%) and strabismus (3.8%).ConclusionMajority of the vision abnormalities and VI among schoolchildren are a result of refractive error and are treatable. Our results highlight the importance of regular eye examinations for schoolchildren to detect and prevent VI. Raising awareness among parents, school staff and children about eye health is vital.
Development of a patient decision aid for the initiation of urate-lowering therapy in gout patients
Authors: te Kampe Ritch , Boonen Annelies , Jansen Tim , Janssen Matthijs , de Vries Hein , van Durme Caroline 
Published: February 2022

AimShared decision-making improves patients’ experiences with care, satisfaction with management decisions and possibly health outcomes. This study describes the development of a decision aid (DA) that supports patients with gout and their physicians in a face-to-face clinical setting to (a) decide whether or not to (re)start urate-lowering therapy (ULT) and (b) agree on the preferred ULT.MethodsRecommendations of the International Patient Decision Aid Standards group guided the development. A steering group of experts in gout and health services research specified the scope. Nominal group technique meetings were organised in which patients ranked the importance of preidentified potential characteristics/attributes of ULT and discussed further needs regarding the DA. A literature search was conducted to collect evidence on gout outcomes with and without ULT. Subsequently, the DA prototype was designed and adjusted using feedback from the steering group and results of cognitive debriefing interviews among five gout patients.ResultsThe final DA consists of six pages. First, the DA clarifies the decision at stake and describes gout including its risk factors, the role of lifestyle and treatment of flares. Next, risk of future flares with and without ULT in relation to serum uric acid levels is described and visualised. Relevant attributes of ULT are presented in an option grid distinguishing first-line and second-line ULT. Finally, patients’ believes and preferences are explicitly addressed before making the shared decision.ConclusionThis study provides initial support for usability of a DA for gout patients eligible for starting ULT.
The physical leaky tank car problem, revisited
Authors: Esposito S. , Olimpo M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAn exhaustive analysis of the leaky tank car problem is presented, pointing out its intriguing physical properties, which also well serve to students and teachers for illustrating standard Newtonian mechanics in a highly nonstandard fashion. Calculus is effectively required only to examine some details concerning the solution of the equation of motion and interesting limiting cases, while we unveil all the physical content of the problem, within a proper simple model and its generalization, ranging from the motion of the leaky tank car to that of the water flowing from the car with their peculiarities. Generalizations of the problem to more than one draining hole (even with different sizes), as well as to “two-dimensional” geometries, reveal further intriguing results, culminating into a no-rotation theorem and its corollaries.
An endemic species flock of Cypridopsinae (Crustacea, Ostracoda) from the ancient Lake Malawi (Africa), with the description of a new genus and three new species
Authors: JACOBS BRAM , MARTENS KOEN 
Published: February 2022

We describe Malawidopsis gen. nov., a new genus of Cypridopsinae Kaufmann, 1900 from the African ancient Lake Malawi. The genus comprises at least 17 new species, which makes it a significant ostracod radiation in this lake, parallel to a similar (but independent) cypridopsine radiation in Lake Tanganyika. Three of these new species are here described: Malawidopsis stellae gen. et. sp. nov., the type species of the new genus; M. ruwaydae gen. et. sp. nov. and M. antoniae gen. et. sp. nov.. The other new species are briefly illustrated and described, but are left in open nomenclature (sp. A, B, C, etc.). Cypridopsis cunningtoni Sars, 1910 and Potamocypris fuelleborni Daday, 1910 are transferred to Malawidopsis gen. nov. and are identical to Malawidopsis spec. F and Malawidopsis spec. N, respectively.
The new tribe Plesiocyprisopsini trib. nov. is erected, and comprises the cypridopsine genera previously in the Cypridopsini s.l. with the right valve overlapping the left valve, at least anteriorly.
Potential drivers of speciation within this endemic clade in Lake Malawi are briefly discussed. Bathymetry might have been important, with most species being restricted to shallower depths and only four species also occurring at depths of 75 m or more, but very few specimens were retrieved from greater depths. Most species occurred on coarse sand, but this sediment category coincides with shallower stations. Overall, most species appear to have a wide geographical distribution in the lake, so no geographical parapatric speciation is apparent. The occurrence of all species in sexual populations and the significant differences in the male sexual organs and the valves suggest that sexual selection might have been the most important driver in the speciation process of this species flock, but this should be further explored. Following deep coring results in Lake Malawi, the present clade could be (at least) c one million years old.
Experimental study of the source and transmission characteristics of train-induced vibration in the over-track building in a metro depot
Authors: Liang Ruihua , Ding Deyun , Liu Weifeng , Sun Fangqiu , Cheng Yilong 
Published: February 2022

To improve the utilization of land resources, in recent years, there has been an increase in the design and construction of over-track buildings in metro depots in China. However, there are daily tasks such as testing, parking, and maintenance of metro trains in the depot, vibration induced by trains in those tasks may exert impact upon the residents living in the buildings over the metro depots. In this paper, detailed on-site measurements were carried out to investigate the source and transmission characteristics of train-induced vibrations in the metro depot. The main results indicated that (i) the magnitudes of train-induced vibration on the testing lines and throat areas are greater than other areas, and the issue of environmental vibrations induced by trains in the building near these areas need to be given more attention. (ii) Train-induced vibrations are more attenuated from the ground to the platform and less attenuated from the platform to the building floor, and most vibration acceleration levels below 30 Hz are even amplified during the transmission from the platform to the floors in the building, which could be because of the matching of the frequencies of train-induced vibrations and the natural frequencies of the superstructure.
Embolic Stroke in Setting of Iliac Vein Stenosis in an Avid Cyclist
Authors: Chhabra Nikita , Blech Benzion , Fortuin David , Wilansky Susan , Demaerschalk Bart M. , Dumitrascu Oana M. 
Published: February 2022

External iliac vein stenosis related to cycling has rarely been reported as a cause of deep vein thrombosis. Ischemic stroke occurring in this condition due to paradoxical embolism across a preexisting patent foramen ovale (PFO) has yet to be reported. Here we report a case of embolic ischemic strokes in a young, avid cyclist with no prior known vascular risk factors. A thorough cerebrovascular workup revealed a right-to-left shunt on transesophageal echocardiogram that prompted venous thrombosis evaluation. Pelvic MR venogram demonstrated a 3.5 cm high-grade stenosis of the right external iliac vein, concerning for possible prior thrombotic disease. His strokes were deemed most likely a result of paradoxical emboli originating in the pelvis at the site of right external iliac vein stenosis. The patient ultimately opted for PFO closure for secondary stroke prevention, as he wished to continue daily cycling. This case highlights the importance of neurohospitalists considering iliac vein stenosis as a potential cause of embolic stroke of undetermined source, especially in young patients who are avid cyclists, as part of a thorough vascular workup.
Effectiveness and acceptability of noninvasive brain and nerve stimulation techniques for migraine prophylaxis: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Cheng Yu-Chen , Zeng Bing-Yan , Hung Chao-Ming , Su Kuan-Pin , Wu Yi-Cheng , Tu Yu-Kang , Lin Pao-Yen , Stubbs Brendon , Carvalho Andre F. , Liang Chih-Sung , Chen Tien-Yu , Hsu Chih-Wei , Brunoni Andre R. , Suen Mein-Woei , Shiue Yow-Ling , Tseng Ping-Tao , Wu Ming-Kung , Li Cheng-Ta 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Current pharmacologic prophylactic strategies for migraine have exhibited limited efficacy, with response rates as low as 40%–50%. In addition to the limited efficacy, the acceptability of those pharmacologic prophylactic strategies were unacceptable. Although noninvasive brain/nerve stimulation strategies may be effective, the evidence has been inconsistent. The aim of this network meta-analysis (NMA) was to compare strategies of noninvasive brain/nerve stimulation for migraine prophylaxis with respect to their effectiveness and acceptability.

Methods
The PubMed, Embase, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, ClinicalTrials.gov, ClinicalKey, Cochrane CENTRAL, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were systematically searched to date of June 4th, 2021 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Patients with diagnosis of migraine, either episodic migraine or chronic migraine, were included. All NMA procedures were conducted under the frequentist model.

Results
Nineteen RCTs were included (N = 1493; mean age = 38.2 years; 82.0% women). We determined that the high frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over C3 yielded the most decreased monthly migraine days among all the interventions [mean difference = − 8.70 days, 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs): − 14.45 to − 2.95 compared to sham/control groups]. Only alternating frequency (2/100 Hz) transcutaneous occipital nerve stimulation (tONS) over the Oz (RR = 0.36, 95%CIs: 0.16 to 0.82) yielded a significantly lower drop-out rate than the sham/control groups did.

Conclusions
The current study provided a new direction for the design of more methodologically robust and larger RCTs based on the findings of the potentially beneficial effect on migraine prophylaxis in participants with migraine by different noninvasive brain/nerve stimulation, especially the application of rTMS and tONS.

Trial registration
CRD42021252638. The current study had been approval by the Institutional Review Board of the Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center (TSGHIRB No. B-109-29).
TC-hunter: identification of the insertion site of a transgenic gene within the host genome
Authors: Börjesson Vanja , Martinez-Monleon Angela , Fransson Susanne , Kogner Per , Johnsen John Inge , Milosevic Jelena , López Marcela Dávila 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Transgenic animal models are crucial for the study of gene function and disease, and are widely utilized in basic biological research, agriculture and pharma industries. Since the current methods for generating transgenic animals result in the random integration of the transgene under study, the phenotype may be compromised due to disruption of known genes or regulatory regions. Unfortunately, most of the tools that predict transgene insertion sites from high-throughput data are not publicly available or not properly maintained.

Results
We implemented TC-hunter, Transgene-Construct hunter, an open tool that identifies transgene insertion sites and provides simple reports and visualization aids. It relies on common tools used in the analysis of high-throughput data and makes use of chimeric reads and discordant read pairs to identify and support the transgenic insertion site. To demonstrate its applicability, we applied TC-hunter to four transgenic mice samples harboring the human PPM1D gene, a model used in the study of malignant tumor development. We identified the transgenic insertion site in each sample and experimentally validated them with Touchdown-polymerase chain reaction followed by Sanger sequencing.

Conclusions
TC-hunter is an accessible bioinformatics tool that can automatically identify transgene insertion sites from DNA sequencing data with high sensitivity (98%) and precision (92.45%). TC-hunter is a valuable tool that can aid in evaluating any potential phenotypic complications due to the random integration of the transgene and can be accessed at https://github.com/bcfgothenburg/SSF.