bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multigene characterization of 'Candidatus Phytoplasma ulmi'‐related isolates associated with elm yellows disease of Ulmus minor Mill. in Poland
Authors: Cieślińska Mirosława , Krajciczek Klaudia , Pałka Anna 
Published: March 2022

Abstract‘Candidatus Phytoplasma ulmi’, associated with elm yellows, shoot proliferation and dieback of elm (Ulmus) species trees was reported in United States of America and in many European countries. Until now its presence in elm trees in Poland has not been detected. In 2017–2018, during visual inspection of elm trees grown in four areas of southern Silesia Province leaf yellowing, shoot proliferation, phloem necrosis and dieback of branches were observed on European field elm trees grown in nature reserve close to the border with the Czech Republic. Phloem tissue from shoots collected from six symptomatic and twenty asymptomatic trees was used for extraction nucleic acids. Nested PCR with primer pairs amplifying 16Sr RNA sequences of phytoplasmas resulted in specific products for samples from six symptomatic trees however the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and phylogenetic analyses of the sequenced products did not allow to clearly classify newly detected isolates within the elm yellows group (16SrV). The isolates found in Poland clustered on the boundary of the 16SrV‐A and 16SrV‐C ribosomal subgroups. Sequence analyses of less conservative genes rpl22‐ rps3 and secY confirmed the affiliation of the phytoplasma isolates found in Poland to ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma ulmi’; however, the significant nucleotide changes in signature sequences for all three genes were shown compared with EY1T reference strain. Surprisingly, the newly detected isolates shared a common origin and were phylogenetically closer to EY1‐SRB and EY10‐SRB strains from Serbia as well as NK16 strain from Croatia strains than to the EYCZ1 strain from the Czech Republic. This is the first report on detection and molecular characterization of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma ulmi’ in Poland based on sequence analysis of three genetic locus.
Brain activity patterns underlying memory confidence
Authors: Wynn Syanah C. , Nyhus Erika 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe primary aim of this review is to examine the brain activity patterns that are related to subjectively perceived memory confidence. We focus on the main brain regions involved in episodic memory: the medial temporal lobe (MTL), prefrontal cortex (PFC), and posterior parietal cortex (PPC), and relate activity in their subregions to memory confidence. How this brain activity in both the encoding and retrieval phase is related to (subsequent) memory confidence ratings will be discussed. Specifically, encoding related activity in MTL regions and ventrolateral PFC mainly shows a positive linear increase with subsequent memory confidence, while dorsolateral and ventromedial PFC activity show mixed patterns. In addition, encoding‐related PPC activity seems to only have indirect effects on memory confidence ratings. Activity during retrieval in both the hippocampus and parahippocampal cortex increases with memory confidence, especially during high‐confident recognition. Retrieval‐related activity in the PFC and PPC show mixed relationships with memory confidence, likely related to post‐retrieval monitoring and attentional processes, respectively. In this review, these MTL, PFC, and PPC activity patterns are examined in detail and related to their functional roles in memory processes. This insight into brain activity that underlies memory confidence is important for our understanding of brain–behaviour relations and memory‐guided decision making.
Individual contributions to group chorus dynamics influence access to mating opportunities in wood frogs
Authors: Calsbeek Ryan , Zamora‐Camacho Francisco Javier , Symes Laurel B. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA limitation in bioacoustic studies has been the inability to differentiate individual sonic contributions from group‐level dynamics. We present a novel application of acoustic camera technology to investigate how individual wood frogs’ calls influence chorus properties, and how variation influences mating opportunities. We recorded mating calls and used playback trials to gauge preference for different chorus types in the laboratory. Males and females preferred chorus playbacks with low variance in dominant frequency. Females preferred choruses with low mean peak frequency. Field studies revealed more egg masses laid in ponds where males chorused with low variance in dominant frequency. We also noted a trend towards more egg masses laid in ponds where males called with low mean frequency. Nearest‐neighbour distances influenced call timing (neighbours called in succession) and distances increased with variance in chorus frequency. Results highlight the potential fitness implications of individual‐level contributions to a bioacoustic signal produced by groups.
Flex‐request: Library to make remote changes in the communication of IoT devices
Authors: Mateusz Ciok Karol , Pascual Espada Jordán , González Crespo Rubén 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn recent years, Internet of Things (IoT) systems have changed the way we live, work and do businesses in many areas, even those that until recently seemed unlikely. Some areas that can benefit from their application are, among others, healthcare, smart cities, industrial automation, smart agriculture, intelligent transportation systems, smart logistics, and emergency response. This research work proposes a novel alternative that allows the creation of IoT systems capable of making remote changes in devices' communication in a fast and agile manner. Our proposal gives way to some of the most common changes in communication made during the development and maintenance phase in IoT systems, like changing the destination of data transmission, sending the data to multiple destinations, and changing the frequency of sending data. Our solution, which is used in the programs, is loaded on the device. When the device starts, it connects to a configuration server in the background and listens for changes. The changes are sent to the configuration server using specified commands. When a change is detected, the command is processed, and the change in communication is applied without stopping the running program. We designed experiments to evaluate the complexity of the programs developed using our proposal and the actions needed to make a change.
Using the Resist‐Accept‐Direct management framework to respond to climate‐driven transformations in marine ecosystems
Authors: Rogers‐Bennett Laura , Yang Gabrielle , Mann Jordan D. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractClimate change is impacting natural ecosystems and the services they provide at an unprecedented rate, yet management is not keeping pace with radical ecosystem transformations. Management in marine systems is primarily designed to regulate fishing pressures, which may be of limited use in addressing large‐scale climate impacts. The Resist‐Accept‐Direct (RAD) is a flexible, novel framework that gives managers a way to structure and plan how to respond to radical shifts/transformations in ecosystems. We present marine case studies of broad scale impacts and outline how the responses may fit into the RAD concept. We use the RAD framework to address the collapse of the kelp forest in northern California and examine how potential policy guiding restoration strategies can be organised. We conclude that the response to most marine ecosystem transformations has been to use the resist strategy that includes adaptive management, and we suggest that for the kelp forests in California the resist strategy provides the best option for moving forward. The RAD framework will be useful for marine ecosystem transformations in which systems have reached their tipping points and now require novel restoration tools and thinking as we face climate change stressors and an unpredictable future.
Insect community composition varies between temperate and tropical regions but functional structure remains conserved
Authors: DeGabriel Jane L. , Sutton Timothy L. , Finch Jonathan T. D. , Cook James M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Insect herbivores and their parasitoids make up a large proportion of biodiversity, but studies of their communities rarely involve geographic comparisons. If the community on a host plant varies geographically, insect diversity will be underestimated by ignoring this. In addition, community functional structure may vary geographically due to differential abundance of functional groups.
To address these issues, we compared the composition and structure of the fig wasp community associated with Ficus rubiginosa between temperate (Sydney) and tropical (Townsville) regions of eastern Australia. We sampled figs from four sites per region, twice a year for 2 years, resulting in about 14,000 wasps from 11 genera and 19 sub‐generic taxa. Since two of these taxa each comprise two cryptic species, we refer to taxonomic diversity below, but this is largely at species level.
Taxonomic richness (14) was the same in both regions and nine taxa were shared across regions. However, 10 taxa were found in only one of the two regions, driving a significant difference in the taxonomic composition of the tropical and temperate communities, and increasing overall diversity in the system.
The wasps belong to five functional groups – pollinators, small and large gallers, and small and large parasitoids. In contrast to taxonomic composition and diversity, community functional structure did not differ significantly between regions.
Our results highlight that there can be broad latitudinal conservation of functional community structure across regions, despite considerable regional differences in taxonomic composition.
No‐show after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy treatment in endourology clinic: Can we build a typical patient profile?
Authors: Mekayten Matan , Mekayten Hadass , Rimbrot Daniel , Shmueli Liora , Duvdevani Mordechai 
Published: March 2022

ObjectivesPatients “no‐show” in outpatient clinics is a worldwide challenge. Healthcare providers and patients suffer from negative impacts that include increased expenditure, clinical management ineffectiveness, and decreased access to care. This study aims to evaluate no‐show rate among extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy patients visiting endourology clinic and to identify the demographic and clinical predictors of no‐show.MethodsA cross‐sectional and historical cohort study using electronic medical records. We included 790 patients aged >18 years old referred for endourology clinic following shock wave lithotripsy during 2010–2017 at Hadassah Medical Center in Israel. We predicted no‐show rate following shock wave lithotripsy by various patient characteristics by a multivariate logistic regression model.ResultsOverall, 291 (36.8%) patients did not arrive for postoperative clinic. Of these, 91 (11.52%) patients referred to Emergency Department. Patients who were younger in age (odds ratio 1.49, 95% confidence interval 1.08–2.04), patients who underwent hospitalization ≥3 days (odds ratio 1.63, 95% confidence interval 1.11–2.41) and patients who had undergone a stent‐free shock wave lithotripsy (odds ratio 5.71, 95% confidence interval 2.40–13.57) were significantly associated with higher no‐show rate. Larger stone size was associated with reduction in no‐show rate with every millimeter increase of stone diameter was associated with a reduction of 6.1% probability for no‐show (odds ratio 0.94, 95% confidence interval 0.89–0.99).ConclusionsPredicting patients' characteristics and no‐show patterns is necessary to improve clinical management efficiency, access to care, and costs. We showed that patients who were younger, patients who underwent stent‐free shock wave lithotripsy, patients who had a smaller stone, and patients who underwent a longer hospitalization were more prone to miss their appointment. Paying attention to the characteristics of individual patients may assist in implementing intervening program of patient scheduling.
Testing a model of Thai nurses’ intent to stay in employment
Authors: Theucksuban Boontida , Kunaviktikul Wipada , Wichaikhum Orn‐Anong , Abhicharttibutra Kulwadee 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimTo test the causal model of intent to stay in employment of nurses in regional medical centers.BackgroundEffectiveness and quality of nursing care are determined by an adequate number of nursing staff; however, there is an ongoing challenge of nursing shortage. Improving nurses’ intention to remain in employment is an effective way to address the problem of nursing shortage.MethodsThis study employed a cross‐sectional design. The sample was 1224 registered nurses from nine regional medical centers across Thailand, selected using multistage random sampling. Data were collected between January and July 2019 and analyzed with structural equation modeling.Results and discussionThe final model could explain 40.3% of the variance in intent to stay. Transformational leadership, coworker support, professional autonomy, opportunities for promotion, marital status, and job satisfaction positively affected intent to stay, while burnout negatively affected intent to stay. This indicates that seven factors that should be considered by nurse managers in developing a framework for constructing interventions to increase nurses’ intention to continue working in their organization.Implication for nursing and nursing policyNurse managers should strengthen the intent to stay of nurses by providing consultations, building a positive work atmosphere, and encouraging nurse leaders to apply transformational leadership behaviors to the organizational administration. Policymakers should consider enacting policies and regulations for nurses’ benefits, such as allocating civil servant positions to temporary nursing staff, expanding the framework of career advancement to a senior professional position, and considering salary and overtime pay, to increase nurses’ intent to stay in an organization.
Modulation of lymphocyte subpopulations in the small intestine of mice treated with probiotic bacterial strains and infected with Trichinella spiralis
Authors: Dvorožňáková Emília , Vargová Miroslava , Hurníková Zuzana , Lauková Andrea , Revajová Viera 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Aims
To study the local intestinal lymphocyte immunity in mice with trichinellosis affected by probiotic bacteria.

Methods and Results
Enterococcus faecium CCM8558, Enterococcus durans ED26E/7, Limosilactobacillus fermentum CCM7421 and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 17 L/1 were administered daily (109 CFU ml−1) and mice were infected with Trichinella spiralis (400 larvae) on the 7th day of treatment. T. spiralis infection significantly inhibited lymphocyte subpopulations from 5 to 25 days postinfection (dpi). L. fermentum CCM7421 and L. plantarum 17 L/1 restored the CD4+ T cell numbers in the epithelium and lamina propria at the control level from 11 dpi. All strains stimulated the CD8+ T cells numbers in infected mice, which were restored in the lamina propria on 11 dpi and in the epithelium only on 32 dpi. B cells (CD19+) inhibition after T. spiralis infection was not affected by treatment till 25 dpi.

Conclusions
The strain-specific immunomodulatory effect of tested bacteria was confirmed. L. fermentum CCM7421 and L. plantarum 17 L/1 showed the greatest immunomodulatory potential on CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in trichinellosis. E. faecium CCM8558 and E. durans ED26E/7 activated only CD8+ T cells in the lamina propria.

Significance and Impact of the Study
Positive modulation of the gut lymphocyte immunity in T. spiralis infection with bacterial strains showed their beneficial effect with the host′s antiparasitic defence.
Application of Ensite™ LiveView function for identification of scar‐related ventricular tachycardia isthmus
Authors: Kao Pei‐Heng , Chung Fa‐Po , Lin Yenn‐Jiang , Chang Shih‐Lin , Lo Li‐Wei , Hu Yu‐Feng , Tuan Ta‐Chuan , Chao Tze‐Fan , Liao Jo‐Nan , Lin Chin‐Yu , Chang Ting‐Yung , Kuo Ling , Wu Cheng‐I , Liu Chih‐Min , Liu Shin‐Huei , Cheng Wen‐Han , Lin Linda , Ton An Khanh‐Nu , Hsu Chu‐Yu , Chhay Chheng , Chen Shih‐Ann 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionDynamic display of real‐time wavefront activation pattern may facilitate the recognition of reentrant circuits, particularly the diastolic path of ventricular tachycardia (VT).ObjectiveWe aimed to evaluate the feasibility of LiveView Dynamic Display for mapping the critical isthmus of scar‐related reentrant VT.MethodsPatients with mappable scar‐related reentrant VT were selected. The characteristics of the underlying substrates and VT circuits were assessed using HD grid multielectrode catheter. The VT isthmuses were identified based on the activation map, entrainment, and ablation results. The accuracy of the LiveView findings in detecting potential VT isthmus was assessed.ResultsWe studied 18 scar‐related reentrant VTs in 10 patients (median age: 59.5 years, 100% male) including 6 and 4 patients with ischemic and nonischemic cardiomyopathy, respectively. The median VT cycle length was 426 ms (interquartile range: 386–466 ms). Among 590 regional mapping displays, 92.0% of the VT isthmus sites were identified by LiveView Dynamic Display. The accuracy of LiveView for isthmus identification was 84%, with positive and negative predictive values of 54.8% and 97.8%, respectively. The area with abnormal electrograms was negatively correlated with the accuracy of LiveView Dynamic Display (r = −.506, p = .027). The median time interval to identify a VT isthmus using LiveView was significantly shorter than that using conventional activation maps (50.5 [29.8–120] vs. 219 [157.5–400.8] s, p = .015).ConclusionThis study demonstrated the feasibility of LiveView Dynamic Display in identifying the critical isthmus of scar‐related VT with modest accuracy.
Cardiovascular risk of energy drinks: Caffeine and taurine facilitate ventricular arrhythmias in a sensitive whole‐heart model
Authors: Ellermann Christian , Hakenes Tamara , Wolfes Julian , Wegner Felix K. , Willy Kevin , Leitz Patrick , Rath Benjamin , Eckardt Lars , Frommeyer Gerrit 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundSeveral case reports have suggested an increased risk of sudden cardiac death due to energy drinks. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess acute electrophysiologic effects of caffeine and taurine, two of the main ingredients of energy drinks, in an experimental whole‐heart model.Methods and ResultsTwenty‐five rabbit hearts were excised, retrogradely perfused, and assigned to two groups. Hearts were perfused with caffeine (2, 10, and 50 µM) or taurine (2, 10, and 50 µM) after generating baseline data. Eight monophasic action potentials and electrocardiography recordings showed a significant abbreviation of action potential duration (APD90), QT interval, and effective refractory periods (ERP) after caffeine treatment. With taurine, cardiac repolarization duration and ERP were significantly shortened. A ventricular vulnerability was assessed by a predefined pacing protocol. With caffeine, we observed a trend towards more ventricular arrhythmias in a dose‐dependent manner. After treatment with taurine, significantly more episodes of ventricular arrhythmias occurred.ConclusionIn this experimental whole‐heart study, treatment with caffeine and taurine provoked ventricular arrhythmias. The underlying mechanism was an abbreviation of cardiac repolarizations and effective refractory periods that may facilitate re‐entry and thereby provokes arrhythmias. These findings help to understand the potentially hazardous and fatal outcomes after intoxication with energy drinks.
A comprehensive in vitro study on the performance of two different strategies to simplify adhesive bonding
Authors: Rohr Nadja , Märtin Sabrina , Zitzmann Nicola U. , Fischer Jens 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to compare the bonding performance and mechanical properties of two different resin composite cements using simplified adhesive bonding strategies.Materials and methodsShear bond strength of two resin composite cements (an adhesive cement: Panavia V5 [PV5] and a self‐adhesive cement: RelyX Universal [RUV]) to human enamel, dentin, and a variety of restorative materials (microfilled composite, composite, polymer‐infiltrated ceramic, feldspar ceramic, lithium disilicate and zirconia) was measured. Thermocycle aging was performed with selected material combinations.ResultsFor both cements, the highest shear bond strength to dentin was achieved when using a primer (PV5: 18.0 ± 4.2 MPa, RUV: 18.2 ± 3.3 MPa). Additional etching of dentin reduced bond strength for RUV (12.5 ± 4.9 MPa). On enamel, PV5 achieved the highest bond strength when the primer was used (18.0 ± 3.1 MPa), while for RUV etching of enamel and priming provided best results (21.2 ± 6.6 MPa). Shear bond strength of RUV to restorative materials was superior to PV5. Bonding to resin‐based materials was predominantly observed for RUV.ConclusionsWhile use of RUV with the selective‐etch technique is slightly more labor intensive than PV5, RUV (with its universal primer) displayed a high‐bonding potential to all tested restorative materials, especially to resin.Clinical significanceFor a strong adhesion to the tooth substrate, PV5 (with its tooth primer) is to be preferred because etching with phosphoric acid is not required. However, when using a wide range of varying restorative materials, RUV with its universal primer seems to be an adequate option.
Surface pasteurization of fresh pomelo juice vesicles by gaseous chlorine dioxide
Authors: Lin Xian , Chen Gaohui , Jin Tony Z. , Li Xiangyu , Xu Yujuan , Xu Baojun , Wen Jing , Fu Manqin , Wu Jijun , Yu Yuanshan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study developed an in‐package pasteurization method that released gaseous chlorine dioxide (ClO2) triggered when moisture vapor from the fresh produce interacted with a ClO2 precursor. The samples were placed in sealed containers (750 ml) containing mixtures (0.1–1.0 g) of sodium chlorite and citric acid powders (1:1) and treated for up to 15 min at 25°C. Our results showed that, production of gaseous ClO2 was linearly correlated with the reaction time (R2>0.95) with mean concentrations in the range of 1.70 – 8.66 mg/L. The gaseous ClO2 treatments for 15 min significantly reduced Escherichia coli and fungi populations on pomelo juice vesicles with reductions of 6 and 2 log CFU/g, respectively. Perchlorate and chlorite in samples were not detected, and chlorate was only detected when the mean ClO2 concentration was over 4.09 mg/L. The treatments did not significantly affect total soluble solids, total acids, pectin and malondialdehyde contents, and color of pomelo juice vesicles. The contents of ascorbic acid, naringin, and limonin, and bitterness score decreased with the increase of mean ClO2 concentrations. Overall, our results demonstrate an effective nonthermal approach for microbial inactivation while maintaining the quality of fresh pomelo juice vesicles.