bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the histopathological characteristics of diffuse sclerosing osteomyelitis of the mandible, chronic suppurative osteomyelitis, and craniofacial fibrous dysplasia
Authors: Jia Kuankuan , Zhang Jianyun , Li Tiejun , Zhang Yi , An Jingang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere are relatively few reports on the histopathological characteristics of diffuse sclerosing osteomyelitis of the mandible (DSOM), which is difficult to distinguish from chronic suppurative osteomyelitis (CSO) and craniofacial fibrous dysplasia (CFD). This study aimed to summarize and compare the histopathological characteristics of DSOM, CFD, and CSO.Materials and MethodsIn this study, hematoxylin and eosin‐stained sections of patients with DSOM, CSO, and CFD at the Peking University Hospital of Stomatology from 2015 to 2020 were retrieved. The histopathological characteristics were summarized, including new bone formation, inflammatory cell infiltration, bone trabecular morphology, osteoclasts, sequestrum, bacterial mass, and calcified spherules, similar to cementicles. The histopathological characteristics of DSOM, CSO, and CFD were compared, and the results were statistically analyzed.ResultsIn total, 50, 13, and 10 patients with DSOM, CSO, and CFD were included in this study, respectively. In terms of new bone formation, both DSOM and CSO showed reactive bone formation (p = 1), whereas CFD mainly showed fiber osteogenesis (p < 0.001). The inflammatory cells of DSOM were mainly lymphocytes and plasma cells, whereas those of CSO were mainly lymphocytes and neutrophils (p < 0.001), and there was usually no inflammatory cell infiltration in the CFD specimens (p < 0.001). DSOM, CSO, and CFD showed irregular bone trabeculae (p = 0.045, p = 0.703) and active osteoclasts (p1 = 0.189, p2 = 0.256). DSOM showed a small amount of bacterial mass but no sequestrum; neither of which was found in CFD (p = 1, p = 1), but it was common in CSO (p = 0.011 and p = 0.025). DSOM and CSO showed smooth and regular basophilic lines (p = 0.308), whereas CFD showed a rough and irregular basophilic line (p < 0.001).ConclusionsThe histopathological characteristics of the three diseases were partly similar, but there were evident differences. The main differences are the type of new bone formation, types and distribution of inflammatory cells, and presence of sequestrum and bacterial masses. These differences will help clinicians diagnose DSOM.
Perceived School Fairness and Willingness to Report Bias‐Based Bullying Among Youth During COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Kim Isak , Burgess Deanna , Chatters Seria Shia 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDAs COVID‐19 has let many students into remote learning environments and exacerbated inequality among marginalized individuals, there is a growing concern about Bias‐Based Bullying (BBB) in online spaces among school‐aged youths. Learning modality and perceived school fairness may affect youth's likelihood of reporting BBB.METHODSData were collected as part of “No Place For Hate” (NPFH) project, which was conducted by an equity office of a school district. A sample of middle and high school students (N = 1117) in the school district was used as an analytic sample. We conducted a series of independent samples t tests and calculated a hierarchical stepwise multivariate regression model to examine the proposition.RESULTSResults demonstrated that students in fully remote modality reported slightly higher levels of witnessing BBB (t = 2.29, p < .05), lower perceived school fairness (t = −2.94, p < .01), and higher levels of likelihood of reporting BBB (t = 2.31, p < .05). Results of the regression model showed that perceived school fairness was positively associated with likelihood of reporting BBB, even when considering the influences of sociodemographic characteristics, learning modality, and experience of witnessing BBB.CONCLUSIONSFindings of this study suggest that learning modality and perceived school fairness can meaningfully explain witnesses' likelihood of reporting BBB. Additional research should continue investigating how schools can encourage students to increase their likelihood of reporting and adopt the bystander response of reporting against BBB at school to ensure school health and safety.
Survey of New Jersey K‐12 Professionals on Work‐Based Learning During COVID‐19: A Preliminary Study and Future Implications
Authors: Campbell Maryanne L. , Shendell Derek G. 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThe New Jersey Safe Schools Program (NJSS) offers an online professional development certification course, titled “Designing and Implementing Student Training Plans,” for NJ high school (HS) teachers developing secondary school student work‐based learning (WBL) programs. WBL provides students opportunities to engage in career‐related field tasks, aligned to curricular instruction.METHODSIn January‐July 2021, during 7 cohorts of trainings, questions in the training's assignment gauged teacher and student concerns regarding worksite placements during the COVID‐19 pandemic, learning delivery format preferences, and alternative activities for WBL credit.RESULTSIn January‐July 2021, 68 of 134 HS teachers (51%) were concerned placing students in WBL and indicated “no” and “I don't know” (37% and 31%, respectively) about employer willingness to offer virtual mentorship during the pandemic.CONCLUSIONSThis preliminary study presents insights of newly credentialed WBL supervisory HS teachers regarding impacts of COVID‐19 on student health and workplace safety, preferred WBL formats, and potential implementation of COVID‐19 safety trainings.
More and bigger lizards reside on islands with more resources
Authors: Stadler S. R. , Brock K. M. , Bednekoff P. A. , Foufopoulos J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWhile global patterns in body size evolution in island vertebrates have been described extensively, the ecological processes that generate these patterns are not well understood. Here we used variation among lizard populations occupying an archipelago to test hypotheses about body size evolution. We examined 35 populations of Aegean wall lizards (Podarcis erhardii, Lacertidae), a species widely distributed across the Balkan mainland and hundreds of Aegean islands. We evaluated measures of resource availability (island area and seabird density), intraspecific competition (lizard abundance) and predation risk (presence of rats, carnivorous mammals, vipers, and birds of prey) as possible factors affecting lizard body size. Lizard body size increased with island size overall, as well as with seabird colony density, suggesting a role for increased food resources and especially seabird subsidies in the evolution of body size. Lizards were larger where lizard population density was higher, suggesting a possible role for intraspecific competition in the evolution of body size. In our sample, rats, carnivorous mammals, and vipers did not have obvious effects on lizard body size, and lizards were smaller on islands with resident birds of prey. Males were larger than females on average, yet sexual dimorphism did not vary consistently with measures of resource availability and competition. Overall, our results suggest that local resource levels predict population density and body size in these lizards, and that nesting seabirds in particular can substantially affect lizard body size.
Definitions, phenotypes, and subphenotypes in acute kidney injury—Moving towards precision medicine
Authors: Rodrigues Camila Eleuterio , Endre Zoltán H. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe current definition of acute kidney injury (AKI) is generic and, based only on markers of function, is unsuitable for guiding individualized treatment. AKI is a complex syndrome with multiple presentations and causes. Targeted AKI management will only be possible if different phenotypes and subphenotypes of AKI are recognised, based on causation and related pathophysiology. Molecular signatures to identify subphenotypes are being recognised, as specific biomarkers reveal activated pathways. Assessment of individual clinical risk needs wider dissemination to allow identification of patients at high risk of AKI. New and more timely markers for glomerular filtration rate (GFR) are available. However, AKI diagnosis and classification should not be limited to GFR, but include tubular function and damage. Combining damage and stress biomarkers with functional markers enhances risk prediction, and identifies a population enriched for clinical trials targeting AKI. We review novel developments and aim to encourage implementation of these new techniques into clinical practice as a strategy for individualizing AKI treatment akin to a precision medicine‐based approach.
Incidence, prevalence and risk factors of delirium in ICU patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wu Nan‐Nan , Zhang Ya‐Bin , Wang Shu‐Yun , Zhao Yu‐Hua , Zhong Xue‐Mei 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundDelirium is one of the most common problems in intensive care units (ICU), and it has a detrimental influence on the patients' health. Estimating the prevalence of delirium in ICU patients and understanding the risk factors for delirium are crucial tasks.AimTo offer empirical support for early detection of the risk of delirium in ICU patients, we conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis to analyse the incidence, prevalence and risk factors of delirium in ICU patients.Study DesignFrom inception to 19th December 2021, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database (CNKI), Wanfang Database, Chinese Biomedical Database (CBM) and Weipu Database (VIP) were searched for inclusion to the study. The quality of the included studies was assessed by two investigators independently. The outcomes of the meta‐analysis, which was conducted using the Stata 12.0 software, were reported using odds ratios (OR) and 95 percent confidence intervals (CI). Heterogeneity was determined using the I2 statistic.ResultsIn this meta‐analysis, 51 studies with a total of 39 076 patients were evaluated. The incidence and prevalence of delirium in ICU patients were 31 per 1000 and 33%, respectively. A total of 28 risk factors were identified. Of these 28 risk factors, the top five modifiable risk factors were pain (OR = 19.74, 95% CI [8.86–30.61]), use of physical restraints (OR = 15.46, 95% CI [3.68–27.25]), respiratory diseases (OR = 14.3, 95% CaI [8.42–20.19]), sleep deprivation (OR = 9.4, 95% CI [6.8–12.1]) and surgery (OR = 8.98, 95% CI [7–15.27]). Non‐modifiable risk factors included age (OR = 1.06, 95% CI[1.04, 1.07]) and gender (OR = 1.45, 95% CI[1.13, 1.77]). Of these 51 studies included in this analysis, 30 studies were shown with a low risk of bias while 21 studies were shown with a moderate risk of bias. Our results also demonstrated that 21 studies and 30 studies with intermediate methodological quality and low methodological quality respectively.ConclusionDelirium was shown to be prevalent among ICU patients. There are 28 risk factors for delirium that we discovered. These risk factors can assist physicians, nurses and other health care professionals prevent delirium in ICU patients.Relevance to practiceDelirium in ICU patients can potentially be prevented through appropriate prevention strategies by intensive care staff.
The IPTA Nashville consensus conference on post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorders after solid organ transplantation in children: I—Methodology for the development of consensus practice guidelines
Authors: Wilkinson James D. , Allen Upton , Green Michael , Dipchand Anne I. , Dharnidharka Vikas R. , Esquivel Carlos O. , Maecker‐Kolhoff Britta , Preiksaitis Jutta , Swerdlow Steven H. , Webber Steven A. ,   IPTA Pediatric PTLD Consensus Guidelines Conference
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe International Pediatric Transplant Association (IPTA) Consensus Conference on Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis, Prevention, and Management of Post‐Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorders after Solid Organ Transplantation in Children took place on March 12–13, 2019, and the work of conference members continued until the end of December 2021. The goal was to produce evidence‐based consensus guidelines on the definitions, diagnosis, prevention, and management of PTLD and related disorders based on the critical review of the literature and consensus of experts. This report describes the goals, organization, and methodology of the consensus conference and follow‐up activities. The results of each working group (Definitions, Prevention, Management, and Epstein–Barr viral [EBV] load/Biomarker Monitoring) are presented in separate manuscripts within this volume of Pediatric Transplantation.
Food safety in the aging population: Qualitative findings on what to communicate and how
Authors: Berger Natalie , Koch Severine , Jungnickel Katrin , Böl Gaby‐Fleur 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe present study investigated older adults’ risk perception, beliefs, and self‐perception in the field of kitchen hygiene and food safety. A qualitative study with semi‐structured focus groups was conducted. A total of 37 older adults (60–80 years of age) from Germany participated in four focus groups that were stratified by gender. Focus groups covered older adults’ food‐handling practices, their perceptions of vulnerability, and their informational needs in the field of food safety. A thematic analysis approach was adopted. The coding categories and subcategories were developed inductively by the researchers based on the data. The coded data were then used to identify overarching themes and subthemes. Main results showed that older adults had confidence in their knowledge and skills with regard to food safety, perceived their post‐war generation overall to be resistant and other so‐called at‐risk groups to be more vulnerable. Moreover, they expressed low informational needs in the area of food safety. The results suggest that age‐specific aspects play a role in older adults’ risk perception and highlight the need to develop age‐specific risk communication strategies that take into account older adults’ beliefs, knowledge, and informational needs.
Help‐seeking among psychiatrically hospitalized military personnel at risk for suicide
Authors: Novak Laura A. , LaCroix Jessica M. , Perera Kanchana U. , Stivers Max , Schvey Natasha A. , Goodie Jeffrey L. , Olsen Cara , Sbrocco Tracy , Goldston David B. , Soumoff Alyssa , Weaver Jennifer , Ghahramanlou‐Holloway Marjan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionPromoting help‐seeking is a key suicide prevention strategy. Yet, research on help‐seeking patterns by high‐risk individuals is limited. This study examined help‐seeking among United States military Service members admitted for psychiatric inpatient care.MethodsParticipants were active duty Service members (N = 111) psychiatrically hospitalized for a suicide‐related event. Data were collected as part of a larger randomized controlled trial. Reported types and perceived helpfulness of resources sought 30 days before hospitalization were examined. Hierarchical binary logistic regressions were used to examine associations among types of helping resources, mental health treatment stigma, and perceived social support.ResultsApproximately 90% of participants sought help prior to hospitalization, most frequently from behavioral health providers and friends. Accessed resources were generally considered helpful. Adjusting for covariates, mental health treatment stigma was not associated with seeking help from any resource type. Higher perceived social support was associated with greater likelihood of help‐seeking from a friend (OR = 1.08, p = 0.013 [95% CI = 1.02, 1.14]). Marital status, education level, and organizational barriers were associated with specific types of resources, and/or not seeking help.ConclusionHelp‐seeking is a complex human behavior. Promoting help‐seeking among vulnerable subgroups requires further understanding of multiple interconnected factors.
Crustal density structure and flexure mechanism of the Tarim Basin, China, constrained by latest in situ gravity observations
Authors: Liu Daiqin , Wang Zhenyu , Fu Guangyu , Liang Xiaofeng , Yao Yuan , Hu Yan , Li Jie 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe crustal density structure in the Tarim Basin, NW China in response to the plate flexure is so far poorly constrained. We present new insights into the crustal density structure of the Tarim Basin using gravity/GNSS data from 728 mobile stations. The results suggest that the basin is not a uniform unit but spliced by at least two independent blocks. The high Bouguer gravity anomaly to the middle‐south basin corresponds to convex crustal strata. Basing on the results of flexure analysis, we conclude that the crustal lithosphere beneath the Tarim Basin might have been suffered from the upwelling intrusion of deep material that weakened the strength and made the structure convex‐upward, and subsequently deformed under the vertical and horizontal loading.
Platelet transfusion practice pattern before and after implementation of a local restrictive transfusion protocol in a neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Zabeida Alexandra , Chartrand Lily , Lacroix Jacques , Villeneuve Andréanne 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundFollowing the results of the PlaNeT‐2 randomized controlled trial showing decreased morbidity and mortality in neonates transfused at a threshold of 25 versus 50 × 109 platelets/L, a protocol supporting restrictive platelet transfusions was established in 2019 at the Sainte‐Justine Hospital neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). This study aimed to: (1) determine the impact of a local restrictive transfusion protocol on the number of platelet transfusions and donor exposure; (2) compare platelet‐transfusion determinants and justifications before and after its implementation.Study design and methodsProspective observational cohort chart‐review study comparing all neonates consecutively admitted to the NICU during two 5‐months periods: 2013 (before; N = 401) versus 2021 (after; N = 402). Possible determinants were assessed via logistic regressions and justifications via a questionnaire.ResultsMean (± standard deviation) gestational age and birth weight were 34.9 ± 4.2 weeks and 2.5 ± 1.0 kg, respectively. In 2021, 5.0% were platelet‐transfused versus 9.2% in 2013 (p = .027). Platelet transfusions decreased from a mean of 2.6 ± 1.7 in 2013 to 1.4 ± 0.7 in 2021 (p = .045). Adherence to protocol thresholds was of 70%. After protocol implementation, no infant received ≥4 platelet transfusions nor was exposed to ≥4 donors, compared to 29.7% and 21.6%, respectively, in 2013. Platelet transfusion justifications and determinants remained similar, except for severe intraventricular hemorrhage being an additional determinant in 2021.DiscussionRestrictive local transfusion thresholds in a NICU decreased the proportion of platelet‐transfused neonates by 46% and reduced donor exposure in transfused patients.
Exercise‐induced changes to the human gut microbiota and implications for colorectal cancer: a narrative review
Authors: Boytar Alexander N. , Nitert Marloes Dekker , Morrision Mark , Skinner Tina L. , Jenkins David G. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPhysical activity is associated with reduced risks of colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence, recurrence and mortality. While these findings are consistent, the mechanism/s underlying this association remain unclear. Growing evidence supports the many ways in which differing characteristics of the gut microbiota can be tumourigenic or protective against CRC. CRC is characterised by significant dysbiosis including reduced short chain fatty acid‐producing bacteria. Recent findings suggest that exercise can modify the gut microbiota, and these changes are inverse to the changes seen with CRC; however, this exercise‐microbiota interaction is currently understudied in CRC. This review summarises parallel areas of research that are rapidly developing: The exercise–gut microbiota research and cancer–gut microbiota research and highlights the salient similarities. Preliminary evidence suggests that these areas are linked, with exercise mediating changes that promote the antitumorigenic characteristics of the gut microbiota. Future mechanistic and population‐specific studies are warranted to confirm the physiological mechanism/s by which exercise changes the gut microbiota, and the influence of the exercise–gut interaction on cancer specific outcomes in CRC.
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Muscle glycogen unavailability and fat oxidation rate during exercise: Insights from McArdle disease
Authors: Rodriguez‐Lopez Carlos , Santalla Alfredo , Valenzuela Pedro. L , Real‐Martínez Alberto , Villarreal‐Salazar Mónica , Rodriguez‐Gomez Irene , Pinós Tomàs , Ara Ignacio , Lucia Alejandro 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCarbohydrate availability affects fat metabolism during exercise; however, the effects of complete muscle glycogen unavailability on maximal fat oxidation (MFO) rate remain unknown. Our purpose was to examine the MFO rate in patients with McArdle disease, comprising an inherited condition caused by complete blockade of muscle glycogen metabolism, compared to healthy controls. Nine patients (three women, aged 36 ± 12 years) and 12 healthy controls (four women, aged 40 ± 13 years) were studied. Several molecular markers of lipid transport/metabolism were also determined in skeletal muscle (gastrocnemius) and white adipose tissue of McArdle (Pygm p.50R*/p.50R*) and wild‐type male mice. Peak oxygen uptake (), MFO rate, the exercise intensity eliciting MFO rate (FATmax) and the MFO rate‐associated workload were determined by indirect calorimetry during an incremental cycle‐ergometer test. Despite having a much lower (24.7 ± 4 vs. 42.5 ± 11.4 mL kg−1 min−1, respectively; P < 0.0001), patients showed considerably higher values for the MFO rate (0.53 ± 0.12 vs. 0.33 ± 0.10 g min−1, P = 0.001), and for the FATmax (94.4 ± 7.2 vs. 41.3 ± 9.1 % of , P < 0.0001) and MFO rate‐associated workload (1.33 ± 0.35 vs. 0.81 ± 0.54 W kg−1, P = 0.020) than controls. No between‐group differences were found overall in molecular markers of lipid transport/metabolism in mice. In summary, patients with McArdle disease show an exceptionally high MFO rate, which they attained at near‐maximal exercise capacity. Pending more mechanistic explanations, these findings support the influence of glycogen availability on MFO rate and suggest that these patients develop a unique fat oxidation capacity, possibly as an adaptation to compensate for the inherited blockade in glycogen metabolism, and point to MFO rate as a potential limiting factor of exercise tolerance in this disease.
imageKey points
Physically active McArdle patients show an exceptional fat oxidation capacity.
Maximal fat oxidation rate occurs near‐maximal exercise capacity in these patients.
McArdle patients’ exercise tolerance might rely on maximal fat oxidation rate capacity.
Hyperpnoea might cloud substrate oxidation measurements in some patients.
An animal model revealed overall no higher molecular markers of lipid transport/metabolism.