bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Objective and automatic grading system of facial signs from selfie pictures of South African women: Characterization of changes with age and sun‐exposures
Authors: Flament Frederic , Zhang Yuze , Jiang Ruowei , Trehin Cecilia , Cassier Matthieu , Delaunay Caroline , Balooch Guive , Kroely Camille 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the capacity of the automatic detection system to accurately grade, from smartphones’ selfie pictures, the severity of fifteen facial signs in South African women and their changes related to age and sun‐exposure habits.MethodsA two‐steps approach was conducted based on self‐taken selfie images. At first, to assess on 306 South African women (20–69 years) enrolled in Pretoria area (25.74°S, 28.22°E), age changes on fifteen facial signs measured by an artificial intelligence (AI)‐based automatic grading system previously validated by experts/dermatologists. Second, as these South African panelists were recruited according to their usual behavior toward sun‐exposure, that is, nonsun‐phobic (NSP, N = 151) and sun‐phobic (SP, N = 155) and through their regular and early use of a photo‐protective product, to characterize the facial photo‐damages.Results(1) The automatic scores showed significant changes with age, by decade, of sagging and wrinkles/texture (p < 0.05) after 20 and 30 years, respectively. Pigmentation cluster scores presented no significant changes with age whereas cheek skin pores enlarged at a low extent with two plateaus at thirties and fifties. (2) After 60 years, a significantly increased severity of wrinkles/texture and sagging was observed in NSP versus SP women (p < 0.05). A trend of an increased pigmentation of the eye contour (p = 0.06) was observed after 50 years.ConclusionThis work illustrates specific impacts of aging and sun‐exposures on facial signs of South African women, when compared to previous experiments conducted in Europe or East Asia. Results significantly confirm the importance of sun‐avoidance coupled with photo‐protective measures to avoid long‐term skin damages. In inclusive epidemiological studies that aim at investigating large human panels in very different contexts, the AI‐based system offers a fast, affordable and confidential approach in the detection and quantification of facial signs and their dependency with ages, environments, and lifestyles.
Incidence, etiology, risk factors, and outcomes of pre‐engraftment bloodstream infections after first and second allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: Akhmedov Mobil , Klyasova Galina , Kuzmina Larisa , Fedorova Anastasia , Vasilyeva Vera , Drokov Mikhail , Parovichnikova Elena 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionWith an increasing number of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantations (allo‐HCT) bloodstream infections (BSI) are still among the most common and serious complications. This study aimed to analyze the incidence, etiology, risk factors, and outcomes of pre‐engraftment BSI after the first and the second allo‐HCT.Materials and methodsThis is a retrospective study of 284 patients who underwent the first allo‐HCT and 37 patients after the second allo‐HCT at the National Research Center for Hematology in Moscow, Russia, from January 2018 till September 2021.ResultsCumulative incidence of pre‐engraftment BSI was 29.9% after the first allo‐HCT and 35.1% after the second (p = .805). The median time to the first BSI was 9 days (range 0–61 days) after the first and 16 days (range 1–28 days) after the second allo‐HCT (p = .014). A total of 113 pathogens were isolated during 94 BSI episodes after the first allo‐HCT (gram‐negative bacteria 52.2%; gram‐positive bacteria 47.7%). Fourteen pathogens were isolated during 14 BSI episodes after the second allo‐HCT (gram‐negative bacteria 50.0%; gram‐positive bacteria 50.0%). The only significant difference was found in the rate of carbapenem‐resistant gram‐negative bacteria, which was higher after the second allo‐HCT compared to the first (57.1% vs. 13.6%; p = .048).Mismatched unrelated donor (hazards ratio [HR] 3.01; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.62–5.60; p < .0001) and haploidentical donor transplantations (HR 1.84; 95% CI: 1.02–3.33; p = .042) were the only independent risk factors associated with the higher risk of pre‐engraftment BSI.Overall 30‐day survival after all BSI episodes was 94.4%. Survival was lower after BSI during the second allo‐HCT compared to the first (71.4% vs. 97.9%; p < .0001), particularly after BSI was caused by carbapenem‐resistant gram‐negative bacteria (25.0% vs. 100.0%; p = .0023). The non‐relapse mortality rate at day +60 was 4.0%, and the risk was highly associated with primary graft failure (HR 9.62; 95% CI: 1.33–71.43), second allo‐HCT (HR 6.80; 95% CI: 1.36–34.48), and pre‐engraftment BSI caused by carbapenem‐resistant gram‐negative bacteria (HR 32.11; 95% CI: 4.91–210.15).ConclusionsPre‐engraftment BSI is still a common complication after allo‐HCT, particularly after mismatched unrelated and haploidentical donor transplantations. BSI incidence was slightly higher after the second allo‐HCT with a significantly higher rate of carbapenem‐resistant BSI. Although pre‐engraftment BSI would generally follow a benign clinical course, survival was dramatically lower during the second allo‐HCT, especially after carbapenem‐resistant BSI.
Fueling Innovation For Medical Devices: An Interactive Market Visualization Studio For Rapid Assessment Of Healthcare Opportunities
Authors: Tasgaonkar Mugdha , Shrivastav Maneesh , Brandt Michael 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
An essential component of innovation for medical devices is a comprehensive market sizing assessment. This evaluation is useful for creating a solid business case and understanding market potential. This project involves the development of an online medical information dashboard for rapid market sizing assessments using business intelligence tools. A Spotfire front end was paired with a robust SQL database with market information. A visually appealing, simple, and clickable user interface was developed. This tool is designed with the technologist in mind and has value in the early prototyping stages of innovative new medical therapies.
Experimental Validation and Design Refinement of a Disposable, Articulated Surgical Instrument
Authors: Bomze Monica , Nelson Carl A. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In previous work, a proof-of-concept articulated instrument for minimally invasive laparoscopic surgery (MILS) was proposed to overcome limitations of existing instruments. In this paper, experimental validation is pursued to satisfy constraints on biocompatibility, cost, stiffness, and durability. It was found that the instrument exhibits minimal bending deflection of approximately 3mm under the maximum load experienced during MILS, has favorable workspace volume of 679cm3, and has adequate joint durability of over 700 bending cycles. Overall, this paper demonstrates that the instrument is able to meet many of the criteria required of minimally invasive laparoscopic surgery devices and addresses many of the shortcomings of traditionally used instruments.
Proof of Concept: Hand Extension Device to Aid Impaired Hand Functionn
Authors: Johannes Robin , Clarke-Sather Abigail 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Human hands are made to do everything: grasp objects, communicate, perform daily tasks, and learn. Certain people with difficulties using their hands are affected greatly by spasticity, uncontrolled tightness in hand muscles, and impaired motor function in their hands. Hand spasticity specifically can be caused by several medical conditions including cerebral palsy, stroke, arthritis, and carpal tunnel. Often an individual's hand remains in a clenched fist position causing pain and limited mobility within the fingers. Many products exist on the market that specifically help meet the clinical needs of opening and extending a hand for long periods of time. Individuals can purchase products, but they are usually only used during occupational therapy sessions due to their high cost. The Hand Extender is a wearable designed for participants who struggle with functional use of their hands, and over time the Hand Extender is designed to support and aid their hand in everyday functions. Similar products only come in a few standard sizes, resulting in potentially poorer fit, e.g., commercially available products are not currently sized for the pediatric population or participants with an abnormal hand size. The custom fit glove of the Hand Extender made possible via 3D printed parts accommodates all participant populations with a variety of different hand sizes. The tailored glove also provides more accurate extension due to the better fit. A custom fit 3D Hand Extender was able to accurately fit two adult participants with different sized hands and normal hand function.
On the Impacts of Flow on the Migration and Growth of Cancer Cells
Authors: Akerkouch Lahcen , Le Trung , Jasuja Haneesh , Katti Kalpana , Katti Dinesh 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Our study aims to identify the role of fluid flow in the growth of human bone cancer cells during metastasis. In our experiments, the cancer cells are seeded on the surface of cylindrical scaffolds in a bioreactor. The flow is laminar flow, which mimics the physiological conditions of the human body. A full-scale 3D high-resolution computational mesh of scaffold was created based on the physical scaffold's Micro-CT scans using open-source imaging software Slicer3D and Meshmixer. To investigate the influences of the flow on the seeded cells, we performed Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations with the immersed boundary method (Gilmanov, Le, Sotiropoulos, JCP 300, 1, 2015). The computational domain was generated using the commercial software Gridgen. Our results show that the fluid flow velocity is highly dependent on the shape and pore sizes. In addition, the magnitude of the velocity on the surface where the cells are seeded is in between [0-0.05] μm/sallowing the cells to grow without being detached from the surface of the scaffold. Our future work will focus on (i) investigating the role of the shear stress on the distribution and orientation of the cancer cells. (ii) Simulating multiple scaffolds within the bioreactor to further quantify the impact of the gap on the flow velocity and shear.
Development of an Epicardial Mapping Tank for Noninvasive Electrical Mapping of Ex Vivo Large Mammalian Hearts
Authors: Brigham Renee C. , Donley Erik R. , Iaizzo Paul A. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Electroanatomical mapping provides key insights into cardiac function and arrhythmia location. Epicardial mapping allows for the recording of electrograms from the body surface that can be combined with an anatomical geometry to create a real-time functional voltage map of cardiac electrical activity. Isolated heart models, like those studied on the Visible Heart® apparatus, provide a valuable platform for medical device design but are often limited to modified 3-lead electrocardiograms that do not provide anatomically specific electrical data. To provide detailed electroanatomical data for experiments on the Visible Heart® apparatus, a novel modified epicardial mapping tank was created that utilizes the CardioInsight™ software to create a map of reanimated hearts. The epicardial mapping tank is composed of 252 electrodes that are distributed across acrylic plates that surround the isolated heart. Half normal saline provides continuity to the electrodes, allowing uninterrupted signal acquisition. The system is fully removable and can be positioned while maintaining reanimation. To date, 5 swine hearts and 1 human heart have been reanimated and mapped in the epicardial mapping tank. The unique datasets generated from the epicardial mapping chamber will be a critical tool in pacing, ablation, and defibrillation experiments as well as provide valuable information relative to conduction system physiology.
Control Design and Preliminary Evaluation of a Medical Education Simulator for Ankle Tendon Reflex Assessment Training
Authors: Pei Yinan , Zallek Christopher M. , Hsiao-Wecksler Elizabeth T. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Ankle (or Achilles) tendon reflex is commonly assessed in a neurological examination. For a clinician trainee to master the correct assessment technique of Achilles tendon reflex and to be able to distinguish among various reflex activity levels indicating health or abnormality, repetitive training and practice are necessary. We propose to develop a robotic medical education training simulator that would generate a realistic reflex behavior depending on the simulated reflex activity level selected when given a tendon tap assessment. This development was based on an existing ankle-foot simulator [5]. A modified sensing system is still under development. In this paper, a reflex model was developed to estimate the ankle reflexive torque based on the input tap force. This reflex model prediction was validated in simulation and then implemented into our robotic simulator prototype. Preliminary benchtop results demonstrated that our simulator was able to accurately deliver the reflexive torque pattern required to simulate the clinical reflex movement to the trainee.
Taming the ‘Chilling Effect’ of Defamation Law: English Experience and Implications for Australia
Authors: Gligorijevic Jelena 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe ‘chilling effect’ of defamation law has driven legislative action narrowing this tort’s scope and operation. As substantial reforms come into effect across Australia, this article provides a detailed analysis of how defamation law in the United Kingdom has developed since similarly narrowing reforms took effect there almost a decade ago, and the implications this will have for Australia. Two important aspects of reform in both jurisdictions are the serious harm threshold and the public interest defence. Both are targeted at narrowing the tort and taming its ‘chilling effect’. Although both of these two changes have definitively narrowed the tort in the United Kingdom, neither of them has revolutionised this tort nor abolished its core purpose to protect reputation against false imputations. Given the consistency in legislative purpose and framing of the new provisions as between the two jurisdictions, Australian courts should, consistently with their English counterparts, exercise caution when interpreting the new threshold and the new defence, to ensure they do not tread too far from the deeper principles underpinning the tort, even in its narrower, tamer form.
The Association Between Targeted Instruction for Difficult Concepts and Performance on a Cumulative Final Exam in Introduction to Psychology
Authors: Williamson Manda J. , Garbin Jonah 
Published: May 2022

Background Research suggests improved retention for difficult concepts when courses incorporate retrieval practice with immediate feedback. Objective This study assessed the utility of targeted feedback during learning on final exam performance for Introduction to Psychology’s difficult concepts. Method Students in Introduction to Psychology ( N = 648) used either an interactive control e-textbook ( n = 369) or a treatment interactive e-textbook ( n =279) with difficult concept remediation. Three raters identified 28 out of 77 questions on a cumulative final exam as targeting those difficult concepts. Chi-square differences for those items were calculated. We hypothesized that the students who received the additional support during the learning process would perform better on these questions on the final exam. Results Students in the treatment condition scored higher on 13 out of the 28 questions, with small to moderate effect sizes. Conclusion The results indicate that targeted feedback and remediation in texts may lead to improved accuracy for traditionally difficult concepts in Introduction to Psychology. Teaching implications Textbooks targeting difficult concepts with feedback and remediation may improve student learning in a course. Instructors with less time and resources to provide differential instruction may benefit from materials that can provide this to their students.
An Indigenous Community’s Fight for Cultural Continuity and Educational Equity With/In and Against a New England School District
Authors: Washington Shaneé Adrienne 
Published: May 2022

Background/Context: Indigenous communities of the “Americas” have a long history of exercising sovereignty over and self-determination in the education of their children that predates colonial invasion. This was disrupted by the advent of colonial education and its assimilationist aims, and Indigenous communities have been in an ongoing battle to reclaim and recenter Indigenous knowledge, culture, and values in teaching and learning. This research describes one community’s fight for cultural revitalization and educational equity in the schools their children attend. Focus of Study/Research Questions: This study explored Indigenous parents’ and community leaders’ engagement within, against, and beyond the public schools their children attend, centering their perspectives, priorities, and practices. It explored the questions: What are Indigenous parents’ and community leaders’ engagement practices? Are their engagement practices culturally sustaining/revitalizing? How so, and/or why not? Setting: The research site was a small New England school district and town that is home to a Wampanoag tribe that has inhabited the area for 12,000 years and whose children represent the largest group of students of color in the local public schools. Research Design: This qualitative, exploratory case study foregrounded, privileged, and normalized Indigenous ways of knowing, being, and doing in research using Indigenous protocols, such as relationality and relational accountability, and Indigenous methodologies that included semi-structured conversations and talking circles. Findings/Results: Together, Native parents, through their focus on inequitable and exclusionary practices, and Native community leaders, through their mission to expand language and culture-centric curricula and programming, are challenging and fighting to change the overall objectives of colonial education in the schools their children attend. Separately, Native parents are experiencing more resistance from educators for their failure to comply with racialized and classist rules and expectations of engagement. Moreover, the advocacy efforts of Native leaders may be hampered by a lack of parent and student voice and contributions. Conclusions/Recommendations: We learned from the participants in this study that merging efforts and collectively holding schools accountable may be an essential move in creating and sustaining an education system that meets all their wishes and needs. This includes viewing parents and students as valuable knowledge holders who should be consulted and listened to in matters that concern and impact them. In addition, local school districts must do more than just respond affirmatively to and support community members’ initiative(s); they must also be the initiators and funders of changes that dismantle policies, practices, curricula, programming, and instruction that uphold a colonized school system.
Pan-Diversity Integration as an Equity Trap: Lessons From Preservice Teachers’ Preparation for Teaching English Language Learners in a Predominantly White Institution in the United States
Authors: Li Guofang , Jee Youngeun 
Published: May 2022

Background: Nationally, there is an overwhelming body of research that has revealed a systemwide underpreparedness of both pre- and in-service teachers who are predominantly White and monolingual for teaching English language learners (ELLs) throughout the United States. Despite various responses to address preservice teachers’ underpreparedness to teach ELLs, there has been a lack of transformative change in White mainstream preservice teachers’ preparation to teach ELLs, due to teacher education programs’ indiscriminate, pan-diversity approach to diversity as inclusive of all forms of difference, without explicitly attending to any form of difference such as those confronted by ELLs. This pan-diversity approach endorses generic fairness as sameness practices that may lead to equity traps that shape preservice teachers’ patterns of thinking and behavior that hinder the possibilities for creating equitable schools for children of color, including ELLs. Purpose: The widespread underpreparedness of teachers for ELLs suggests an urgent need to reexamine how teacher education programs are providing opportunities for learning about ELL-related knowledge and practice. The goal of this study is to understand 433 preservice teachers’ experiences of learning to teach ELLs in a predominantly White teacher education program under a pan-diversity framework. Research Design: A mixed-methods design that includes surveys and interviews was used to address two central research questions: What are preservice teachers’ perceptions of learning to teach ELLs in a predominantly White teacher education program that utilizes a pan-diversity framework? How do their opportunities to learn ELL-related content differ across subprogram groups? Quantitative and qualitative data analysis methods were used to analyze the data generated from the survey and interviews. Findings: Triangulation of our quantitative and qualitative data revealed systemic neglect of ELLs in both coursework and field practice in the teacher education curriculum, resulting in underpreparedness among the preservice teachers across the subprograms. The results indicate that the current pan-diversity integration approach has served as an “equity trap” that will preclude the preservice teachers from becoming successful with their future ELLs. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the critical need to eliminate the pan-diversity equity trap to systemically incorporate ELL issues within teacher education to not only transform preservice teachers’ deficit thinking about ELLs but also fill their knowledge and skill gaps for working with ELLs. The study has significant implications for teacher education programs to transform ELLs’ status from invisibility to rightful prominence in the program.
Are Schools Deemed Effective Based on Overall Student Growth Also Closing Achievement Gaps? Examining the Black–White Gap by School
Authors: Soland James 
Published: May 2022

Background/Context: Closing achievement gaps is a major concern in U.S. education. These gaps can develop in a wide range of ways over the course of a student’s schooling. Yet, research on school effectiveness and accountability policies for schools often focuses on rank orderings of schools based on value-added models, which could mask those complex gap trends altogether. Purpose: In this study, schools’ contributions to student growth were estimated for Black versus White students such that some of the complex trends in how gaps develop can be disaggregated. Research questions were the following: (1) How different are the rank orderings of schools for Black versus White students? (2) Does relying on rank ordering alone mask any differences in how schools contribute to achievement gaps, including whether or not schools are (a) closing gaps, (b) preparing students for college differentially by race, and (c) generating comparable growth for White and Black students? Sample: Students in the sample, who ranged from roughly 92,000 to 139,000 in number depending on the year, all took a vertically scaled achievement test in math/reading and were followed longitudinally. Research Design: Rather than simply fit lag score models common in the value-added literature, growth curve models were estimated in a multilevel modeling framework. Conclusion: Results show that focusing on rank orderings of schools alone can mask troubling trends in relative achievement over time, including masking differential rates of progress toward college readiness for minoritized students.