bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3D Printing of Liquid Crystalline Hydroxypropyl Cellulose—toward Tunable and Sustainable Volumetric Photonic Structures
Authors: Chan Chun Lam Clement , Lei Iek Man , van de Kerkhof Gea T. , Parker Richard M. , Richards Kieran D. , Evans Rachel C. , Huang Yan Yan Shery , Vignolini Silvia 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAdditive manufacturing is becoming increasingly important as a flexible technique for a wide range of products, with applications in the transportation, health, and food sectors. However, to develop additional functionality it is important to simultaneously control structuring across multiple length scales. In 3D printing, this can be achieved by employing inks with intrinsic hierarchical order. Liquid crystalline systems represent such a class of self‐organizing materials; however, to date they are only used to create filaments with nematic alignment along the extrusion direction. In this study, cholesteric hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) is combined with in situ photo‐crosslinking to produce filaments with an internal helicoidal nanoarchitecture, enabling the direct ink writing of solid, volumetric objects with structural color. The iridescent color can be tuned across the visible spectrum by exploiting either the lyotropic or thermotropic behavior of HPC during the crosslinking step, allowing objects with different colors to be printed from the same feedstock. Furthermore, by examining the microstructure after extrusion, the role of shear within the nozzle is revealed and a mechanism proposed based on rheological measurements simulating the nozzle extrusion. Finally, by using only a sustainable biopolymer and water, a pathway toward environmentally friendly 3D printing is revealed.
Mechanically Competent Chitosan‐Based Bioadhesive for Tendon‐to‐Bone Repair
Authors: Fang Fei , Linstadt Roscoe T. H. , Genin Guy M. , Ahn Kollbe , Thomopoulos Stavros 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCurrent suture‐based surgical techniques used to repair torn rotator cuff tendons do not result in mechanically competent tendon‐to‐bone attachments, leading to high postoperative failure rates. Although adhesives have been proposed to protect against sutures tearing through tendon during healing, no currently available adhesive meets the clinical needs of adhesive strength, biocompatibility, and promotion of healing. Here, a biocompatible, graded, 3,4‐dihydroxy phenyl chitosan (BGC) bioadhesive designed to meet these needs is presented. Although 3,4‐dihydroxy phenyl chitosan (DP‐chitosan) bioadhesives are biocompatible, their adhesion strength is low; soluble oxidants or cross‐linking agents can be added for higher bonding strength, but this sacrifices biocompatibility. These challenges are overcome by developing a periodate‐modified ion exchange resin‐bead filtration system that oxidizes catechol moieties to quinones and filters off the activating agent and resin. The resulting BGC bioadhesive exhibited sixfold higher strength compared to commercially available tissue adhesives, with strength in the range necessary to improve tendon‐to‐bone repair (≈1MPa, ≈20% of current suture repair strength). The bioadhesive is biocompatible and promoted tenogenesis; cells exposed to the bioadhesive demonstrated enhanced expression of collagen I and the tenogenic marker Scx. Results demonstrated that the bioadhesive has the potential to improve the strength of a tendon‐to‐bone repair and promote healing.
Nonlocality‐Enabled Pulse Management in Epsilon‐Near‐Zero Metamaterials
Authors: Stefaniuk Tomasz , Nicholls Luke H. , Córdova‐Castro R. Margoth , Nasir Mazhar E. , Zayats Anatoly V. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractUltrashort optical pulses are integral to probing various physical, chemical, and biological phenomena and feature in a whole host of applications, not least in data communications. Super‐ and subluminal pulse propagation and dispersion management (DM) are two of the greatest challenges in producing or counteracting modifications of ultrashort optical pulses when precise control over pulse characteristics is required. Progress in modern photonics toward integrated solutions and applications has intensified this need for greater control of ultrafast pulses in nanoscale dimensions. Metamaterials, with their unique ability to provide designed optical properties, offer a new avenue for temporal pulse engineering. Here an epsilon‐near‐zero metamaterial is employed, exhibiting strong nonlocal (spatial dispersion) effects, to temporally shape optical pulses. The authors experimentally demonstrate, over a wide bandwidth of tens of THz, the ability to switch from sub to superluminal and further to “backward” pulse propagation (±c/20) in the same metamaterial device by simply controlling the angle of illumination. Both the amplitude and phase of a 10 ps pulse can be controlled through DM in this subwavelength device. Shaping ultrashort optical pulses with metamaterials promises to be advantageous in laser physics, optical communications, imaging, and spectroscopy applications using both integrated and free‐standing devices.
Coordination‐Induced Defects Elimination of SnO2 Nanoparticles via a Small Electrolyte Molecule for High‐Performance Inverted Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Gao Huaizhi , Wei Xueqi , Yu Runnan , Cao Fong‐Yi , Gong Yongshuai , Ma Zongwen , Cheng Yen‐Ju , Hsu Chain‐Shu , Tan Zhan'ao 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTin oxide (SnO2) is broadly used as an electron transport layer (ETL) in organic solar cells (OSCs). However, there are many hydroxyl groups and the defects of oxygen vacancy on the surface of SnO2, resulting in charge recombination. Herein, an electrolyte 4‐(dimethyl(pyridin‐2‐yl) ammonio)butane‐1‐sulfonate (PAS) is doped into SnO2 films with an appropriate proportion to improve the performance of the inverted OSCs. The PAS can coordinate with the Sn atoms in SnO2 films to reduce the surface defects, resulting adjustable work function and increased electron conductivity. Meanwhile, the PAS doping can decrease the surface energy of SnO2 layer, forming vertical phase distribution of the active layer for better exciton dissociation and charge transport. The PM6:Y6 based inverted OSC with SnO2 ETL shows a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.72%, while the device with PAS‐doped SnO2 ETL demonstrates greatly enhanced PCE of 16.37%. The device performance can be further improved by using PM6:BTP‐eC9 as active layer and a PCE of 17.12% can be achieved with PAS‐doped SnO2 ETL. Furthermore, PAS‐doped SnO2 can effectively enhance the device stability under continuous illumination. These findings demonstrate that exquisite regulation of SnO2 layer via a small electrolyte molecule coordination is a promising approach to achieve efficient and stable inverted OSCs.
Contact Resistivity in Edge‐Contacted Graphene Field Effect Transistors
Authors: Lee Sungwon , Choi Hyungyu , Moon Inyong , Shin Hoseong , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Yoo Won Jong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA great challenge is presented when metals have contact with a 2D semiconducting material because the contact resistances (Rc) induced at the metal‐graphene interfaces hinder the performances of 2D devices, and therefore low resistance Ohmic contacts need to be developed to achieve unique and high performance of the 2D devices. This study demonstrates that edge‐contacted graphene devices of multiple stacked 2D hetero‐structures with hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) exhibit superior performances in carrier transport across channel and contact regions, compared to surface‐contacted devices. In surface‐contacted graphene devices, Rc and contact resistivity (ρc) are calculated by applying the modified transfer length (LT*) obtained from the contact‐end‐resistance method, while Rc and ρc in edge‐contacted graphene devices are estimated by replacing the LT* with the thickness of graphene. The edge‐contacted device is fabricated via a controlled plasma etching that allows each layer of graphene and hBN consisting hetero‐structures to be removed evenly at a uniform speed. Four‐point probe measurements are conducted in addition to transmission line method and confirms that ρc is lower for edge contact than surface contact. ρc of a graphene edge‐contacted device (≈10 Ω µm2) is much lower than that of a surface‐contacted device (≈230 Ω µm2).
Uniformly Controlled Treble Boundary Using Enriched Adsorption Sites and Accelerated Catalyst Cathode for Robust Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Chu Rongrong , Nguyen Thanh Tuan , Bai Yanqun , Kim Nam Hoon , Lee Joong Hee 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRechargeable lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs) are recognized as a promising candidate for next‐generation energy storage devices because of their high theoretical specific capacity and energy density. However, the insulating of sulfur, Li2S2/Li2S, and the shuttling effect of high order lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) hinder its practical applications. Herein, a heterostructure is explored to enhance the conversion reaction kinetics and adsorption ability of LiPSs. By rationally designing a conductive carbon framework and polar metal sites, both experimental and theoretical results show strong adsorption abilities for dissolved LiPSs and promote the conversion reaction rate. A CoSe2/Co3O4@NC‐CNT/S cathode shows an excellent rate performance (≈1457 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C and still retains ≈688 mAh g−1 at a high rate of 5 C). When performing charge–discharge in long‐term stability at 2 C, the CoSe2/Co3O4@NC‐CNT/S cathode delivers a high initial specific capacity of ≈780 mAh g−1 and retains ≈602 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles with an excellent Coulombic efficiency of ≈95.4%. Remarkably, the battery can entirely operate even at a very high sulfur loading of ≈10.1 mg cm−2 and lean electrolyte condition. This work emphasizes a new strategy to rationally design heterostructures that can encourage the industrial application of LSBs.
Insights from an ancient gymnosperm lineage: ambient temperature and light and the timing of thermogenesis in cycad cones
Authors: Roemer Robert B. , Irene Terry L. , Booth David T. , Walter Gimme H. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPremiseAlthough maintaining the appropriate mid‐day timing of the diel thermogenic events of cones of the dioecious cycadsMacrozamia lucidaandM. macleayiis central to the survival of both plant and pollinator in this obligate pollination mutualism, the nature of the underlying mechanism remains obscure. We investigated whether it is under circadian control. Circadian mechanisms control the timing of many ecologically important processes in angiosperms, yet only a few gymnosperms have been studied in this regard.MethodsWe subjected cones to different ambient temperature and lighting regimens (constant temperature and darkness; stepwise cool/warm ambient temperatures in constant darkness; stepwise dark/light exposures at constant temperature) to determine whether the resulting timing of their thermogenic events was consistent with circadian control.ResultsCones exposed to constant ambient temperature and darkness generated multiple temperature peaks endogenously, with an average interpeak‐temperature period of 20.7 (±0.20) h that is temperature‐compensated (Q10 = 1.02). Exposure to 24‐h ambient temperature cycles (12 h cool/12 h warm, constant darkness) yielded an interpeak‐temperature period of 24.0 (±0.05) h, accurately and precisely replicating the ambient temperature period. Exposure to 24‐h photo‐cycles (12 h light/12 h dark, constant ambient temperature) yielded a shorter, more variable interpeak‐temperature period of 23 (±0.23) h.ConclusionsOur results indicate that cycad cone thermogenesis is under circadian clock control and differentially affected by ambient temperature and light cycles. Our data from cycads (an ancient gymnosperm lineage) adds to what little is known about circadian timing in gymnosperms, which have rarely been studied from the circadian perspective.
Expanded cardiovascular phenotype of Myhre syndrome includes tetralogy of Fallot suggesting a role for SMAD4 in human neural crest defects
Authors: Cappuccio Gerarda , Brunetti‐Pierri Nicola , Clift Paul , Learn Christopher , Dykes John C. , Mercer Catherine L. , Callewaert Bert , Meerschaut Ilse , Spinelli Alessandro Mauro , Bruno Irene , Gillespie Matthew J. , Dorfman Aaron T. , Grimberg Adda , Lindsay Mark E. , Lin Angela E. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTetralogy of Fallot (ToF) can be associated with a wide range of extracardiac anomalies, with an underlying etiology identified in approximately 10% of cases. Individuals affected with Myhre syndrome due to recurrent SMAD4 mutations frequently have cardiovascular anomalies, including congenital heart defects. In addition to two patients in the literature with ToF, we describe five additional individuals with Myhre syndrome and classic ToF, ToF with pulmonary atresia and multiple aorto‐pulmonary collaterals, and ToF with absent pulmonary valve. Aorta hypoplasia was documented in one patient and suspected in another two. In half of these individuals, postoperative cardiac dysfunction was thought to be more severe than classic postoperative ToF repair. There may be an increase in right ventricular pressure, and right ventricular dysfunction due to free pulmonic regurgitation. Noncardiac developmental abnormalities in our series and the literature, including corectopia, heterochromia iridis, and congenital miosis suggest an underlying defect of neural crest cell migration in Myhre syndrome. We advise clinicians that Myhre syndrome should be considered in the genetic evaluation of a child with ToF, short stature, unusual facial features, and developmental delay, as these children may be at risk for increased postoperative morbidity. Additional research is needed to investigate the hypothesis that postoperative hemodynamics in these patients may be consistent with restrictive myocardial physiology.
Primary prevention recommendations to reduce the risk of cognitive decline
Authors: Sabbagh Marwan N. , Perez Adriana , Holland Thomas M. , Boustani Malaz , Peabody Stephanie R. , Yaffe Kristine , Bruno Michelle , Paulsen Russell , O'Brien Kelly , Wahid Naila , Tanzi Rudolph E. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionFew resources address steps clinicians can take to help patients reduce their risk of dementia, despite growing recognition that brain health can be optimized and that risk reduction for cognitive decline can be accomplished by lifestyle modifications.MethodsTo address this gap, UsAgainstAlzheimer's convened a risk reduction workgroup (RRWG) to review existing evidence and develop recommendations for primary care clinicians discussing cognitive decline and risk reduction with their patients. ResultsThe RRWG produced 11 consensus‐based recommendations and implementation strategies across six topics: neurovascular risk management, physical activity, sleep, nutrition, social isolation, and cognitive stimulation. DiscussionThese recommendations are a first step for clinicians to address brain health with patients and potentially help them prevent cognitive decline. To ensure there is routine care for brain health, proper incentives and policies must be instituted and more education for consumers should be provided.
Tuberculous meningitis with good outcome following appropriate timing of ventriculoperitoneal shunting for hydrocephalus
Authors: Nakao Junzo , Fujita Keishi , Ishii Kazuhiro , Akutsu Yoshimitsu , Hara Takuma , Kamezaki Takao , Ishikawa Eiichi 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundTuberculous meningitis is often associated with hydrocephalus. However, the appropriate timing for shunt placement to treat hydrocephalus remains controversial.Case PresentationA 43‐year‐old man presented with high fever and disturbance of consciousness. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings showed pleocytosis, increased protein levels, and hypoglycemia with an elevated pressure of 30 cm H2O. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed cerebral infarctions and hydrocephalus resulting in suspicion of tuberculous meningitis. A few days after admission, external ventricular drainage was carried out for acute hydrocephalus. Four antitubercular drugs (isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol) as well as dexamethasone sodium phosphate were given. The CSF polymerase chain reaction test for tuberculosis was found to be positive 2 weeks later. Once CSF protein levels improved, a ventriculoperitoneal shunting operation was undertaken.ConclusionsWhen tuberculous meningitis is suspected, treatment with antitubercular drugs should be initiated prior to definitive diagnosis, and a shunt surgery should be carried out in a timely manner.
Personalized fMRI Delineates Functional Regions Preserved within Brain Tumors
Authors: Cui Weigang , Wang Yinyan , Ren Jianxun , Hubbard Catherine S. , Fu Xiaoxuan , Fang Shengyu , Wang Danhong , Zhang Hao , Li Yang , Li Luming , Jiang Tao , Liu Hesheng 
Published: January 2022

ObjectiveAccumulating evidence from invasive cortical stimulation mapping and noninvasive neuroimaging studies indicates that brain function may be preserved within brain tumors. However, a noninvasive approach to accurately and comprehensively delineate individual‐specific functional networks in the whole brain, especially in brain tissues within and surrounding tumors, is still lacking. The purpose of the study is to develop a clinically useful technique that can map functional regions within tumoral brains.MethodsWe developed an individual‐specific functional network parcellation approach using resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) that effectively captured functional networks within and nearby tumors in 20 patients. We examined the accuracy of the functional maps using invasive cortical stimulation and task response.ResultsWe found that approximately 33.2% of the tumoral mass appeared to be functionally active and demonstrated robust functional connectivity with non‐tumoral brain regions. Functional networks nearby tumors were validated by invasive cortical stimulation mapping. Intratumoral sensorimotor networks mapped by our technique could be distinguished by their distinct cortico‐cerebellar connectivity patterns and were consistent with hand movement evoked fMRI task activations. Furthermore, in some patients, cognitive networks that were detected in the tumor mass showed long‐distance and distributed functional connectivity.InterpretationOur noninvasive approach to mapping individual‐specific functional networks using rsfMRI represents a promising new tool for identifying regions with preserved functional connectivity within and surrounding brain tumors, and could be used as a complement to presurgical planning for patients undergoing tumor resection surgery. ANN NEUROL 2022;91:353–366
Main‐Chain Fluoropolymers with Alternating Sequence Control via Light‐Driven Reversible‐Deactivation Copolymerization in Batch and Flow
Authors: Chen Kaixuan , Zhou Yang , Han Shantao , Liu Yinli , Chen Mao 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPolymers with regulated alternating structures are attractive in practical applications, particularly for main‐chain fluoropolymers. We for the first time enabled controlled fluoropolymer synthesis with alternating sequence regulation using a novel fluorinated xanthate agent via a light‐driven process, which achieved on‐demand copolymerization of chlorotrifluoroethylene and vinyl esters/amides under both batch and flow conditions at ambient pressure. This method creates a facile access to fluoropolymers with a broad fraction range of alternating units, low dispersities and high chain‐end fidelity. Moreover, a two‐step photo‐flow platform was established to streamline the in‐situ chain‐extension toward unprecedented block copolymers continuously from fluoroethylene. Influences of structural control were illustrated with thermal and surface properties. We anticipate that this work will promote advanced material engineering with customized fluoropolymers.
Synthesis, characterization, DNA binding, and biological action of dimedone arylhydrazone chelates
Authors: El‐Bindary Mohamed A. , El‐Bindary Ashraf A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA chain of metal(II) chelates that M = Co2+, Ni2+, and Cu2+have been produced from 2‐(4‐sulfadiazine)hydrazono dimedone (HL) and characterized on analyses of elemental, Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, electronic, susceptibility to magnetic fields, and molar conductance. The chelates are nonelectrolytes, according to measurements of conductance. Spectroscopy methods and additional analytical measurements detect pseudo octahedral shape of Co2+and Ni2+chelates, but square planar structure for Cu2+chelate. The ligand (HL) acts as a monobasic bidentate ligand by coordinating via oxygen atom of the carbonyl (C═O) group and the nitrogen atom of the hydrazone moiety (NH) with deprotonation. The enhanced, bond angles, bond lengths, and quantum chemical factors were used to determine the ligand and its complexes. Absorption spectra method and measurements of viscosity were used to investigate DNA linking activity. In the viability experiment of vinblastine and colchicine, the findings of synthesized compounds against the human cancer cell lines MCF‐7 and HepG‐2 were reported in contrast to positive controls. The antioxidant function of chelates is resolute by means of the free radical‐scavenging analyze (DPPH). As a final point, the antimicrobial effects of the chelates were studied utilizing the diffusion disc technique on fungal (Candida albicans), gram‐positive (Staphylococcus aureus), and gram‐negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria.
Quaternary ammonium‐based mitochondria targeting anticancer agents with high water solubility
Authors: Kim Sangpil , Yoon Nam Gu , Jana Batakrishna , Kang Byoung Heon , Ryu Ja‐Hyoung 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTriphenylphosphonium derivatives induce mitochondrial dysfunction by inhibiting the respiratory chain, membrane depolarization, and generation of reactive oxygen species. However, the clinical application has been limited due to low aqueous solubility. In this regard, a series of novel mitochondria targeting agents were designed by introducing quaternary ammonium that increases aqueous solubility. Among them, diquaternary ammonium containing triphenylphosphonium molecules specifically inhibited mitochondrial respiratory chain, disrupted mitochondrial proteostasis, and intra‐mitochondrial protein in cancer cells, resulting in apoptosis induction. Overall, the high water‐soluble mitochondria targeting agents would be a potential anticancer drug.