bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strategies for Long-Term Maintenance of Physical Activity Among Older Adults: A Qualitative Study From India
Authors: Singh Noopur , Sulkers Esther , Van Dijk Hylke W. , Sanderman Robbert , Ranchor Adelita V. 
Published: December 2022

Long-term physical activity (PA) maintenance is challenging for older adults. Equipping older adults with strategies to support long-term PA maintenance can be an effective way to tackle this problem. Moreover, there is a lack of studies regarding long-term PA maintenance among older adults from non-Western settings. This qualitative research is one of the first studies conducted in an Indian context that explores the strategies developed and utilized by older adults who have successfully maintained their PA for the long term (>1 year) in their home settings. In-depth semistructured interviews were conducted with 19 older adults, and data were analyzed using an inductive reflexive thematic analysis approach. This article reports five strategies of PA maintenance, together comprising 13 substrategies. This study highlights the importance of using strategies to support the long-term maintenance of PA among older adults in India. However, these strategies would also be useful in other sociocultural contexts.
Evaluation of editors’ abilities to predict the citation potential of research manuscripts submitted to
The BMJ
: a cohort study
Authors: Schroter Sara , Weber Wim E J , Loder Elizabeth , Wilkinson Jack , Kirkham Jamie J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Objective

To evaluate the ability of
The BMJ
editors to predict the number of times submitted research manuscripts will be cited.

Design
Cohort study.

Setting

Manuscripts submitted to
The BMJ
, reviewed, and subsequently scheduled for discussion at a prepublication meeting between 27 August 2015 and 29 December 2016.

Participants

10
BMJ
research team editors.

Main outcome measures
Reviewed manuscripts were rated independently by attending editors for citation potential in the year of first publication plus the next year: no citations, below average (<10 citations), average (10-17 citations), or high (>17 citations). Predicted citations were subsequently compared with actual citations extracted from Web of Science (WOS).

Results

Of 534 manuscripts reviewed, 505 were published as full length articles (219 in
The BMJ)
by end of 2019 and indexed in WOS, 22 were unpublished, and one abstract was withdrawn. Among the 505 manuscripts, the median (IQR [range]) number of citations in the year of publication plus the following year was 9 (4-17 [0-150]); 277 (55%) manuscripts were cited <10 times, 105 (21%) were cited 10-17 times, and 123 (24%) cited >17 times. Manuscripts accepted by
The BMJ
were cited more highly (median 12 (IQR 7-24) citations) than those rejected (median 7 (3-12) citations). For all 10 editors, predicted ratings tended to increase in line with actual citations, but with considerable variation within categories; nine failed to identify the correct citation category for >50% (range 31%-52%) of manuscripts, and κ ranged between 0.01 to 0.19 for agreement between predicted and actual categories. Editors more often rated papers that achieved high actual citation counts as having low citation potential than the reverse. Collectively, the mean percentage of editors predicting the correct citation category was 43%, and for 160 (32%) manuscripts at least 50% of editors predicted the right category.

Conclusions

Editors weren’t good at estimating the citation potential of manuscripts individually or as a group; there is no wisdom of the crowd when it comes to
BMJ
editors.
Effect of health system on the association of rurality and level of disadvantage with receipt of diabetic eye screening
Authors: Lock Loren J , Channa Roomasa , Brennan Meghan B , Cao Ying , Liu Yao 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionRural versus urban disparities have been observed in diabetic eye screening, but whether the level of disadvantage in rural versus urban areas is related to these disparities is unclear. Our goal was to determine the role of level of disadvantage in explaining the effect of health systems on rural and urban disparities in diabetic eye screening.Research design and methodsThis is a retrospective cohort study using an all-payer, state-wide claims database covering over 75% of Wisconsin residents. We included adults with diabetes (18–75 years old) who had claims billed throughout the baseline (2012–2013) and measurement (2013–2014) years. We performed multivariable regressions to assess factors associated with receipt of diabetic eye screening. The primary exposure was the primary care clinic’s combined level of rurality and disadvantage. We adjusted for the health system as well as patient-level variables related to demographics and comorbidities. Health system was defined as an associated group of physicians and/or clinics.ResultsA total of 118 707 adults with diabetes from 698 primary care clinics in 143 health systems met the inclusion criteria. Patients from urban underserved clinics were less likely to receive screening than those from rural underserved clinics before adjusting for health system in the model. After adjusting for health system fixed effects, however, the directionality of the relationship between clinic rurality and screening reversed: patients from urban underserved clinics were more likely to receive screening than those from rural underserved clinics. Similar findings were observed for both Medicare and non-Medicare subgroups.ConclusionsThe effect of health system on receipt of diabetic eye screening in rural versus urban areas is most pronounced in underserved areas. Health systems, particularly those providing care to urban underserved populations, have an opportunity to increase screening rates by leveraging health system-level interventions to support patients in overcoming barriers from social determinants of health.
Research engagement by British early-career practitioners in nephrology: a multidisciplinary survey
Authors: Bottomley Matthew J , Beckwith Hannah , McMahon Aisling , Nation Michael , Wheeler David C , Greenwood Sharlene , Hughes Jeremy , Sheerin Neil S 
Published: December 2022

ObjectivesTo establish barriers and motivators underlying research engagement among early-career practitioners in nephrology across the UK, in order to guide potential interventions to enhance research involvement in renal units.DesignCross-sectional online survey employing a range of free-text, Likert scale and binomial/multiple-choice responses, distributed via mailing lists and social media. Topics covered research experience, research involvement and barriers, impact of COVID-19 and strategies to improve research engagement. Thematic analysis was used to assess free-text responses.SettingRenal units throughout the UK.ParticipantsNon-consultant healthcare staff self-identifying as working in nephrology were included (n=211), with responses from non-UK respondents or consultant nephrologists excluded (n=12).ResultsResponses were received from across the multidisciplinary team (physicians (n=83) and nurses (n=83)) and other allied health professionals (n=45). Most were aware of ongoing local research, but under half of them were actively involved. Multivariate analysis indicated employment as a physician, protected time for research activity and provision of appropriate training were associated with greater research experience and output. There was general enthusiasm to undertake research, but perceived barriers included insufficient staffing, lack of time, funding and encouragement. COVID-19 was felt to have further impacted negatively upon opportunities. Among the suggested strategies to promote engagement, mentorship and an online research resource were felt to be of most interest.ConclusionsIn the first survey of this type in nephrology, we demonstrate differences across the multidisciplinary spectrum in perceived research experience and accessibility, which have been worsened by COVID-19. Our findings will guide strategies to broaden engagement in early-career practitioners and serve as a baseline to assess the impact of these interventions.
Assessing the impact of online postal self-sampling for sexually transmitted infections on health inequalities, access to care and clinical outcomes in the UK: protocol for ASSIST, a realist evaluation
Authors: Gibbs Jo , Howarth Alison R , Sheringham Jessica , Jackson Louise J , Wong Geoff , Copas Andrew , Crundwell David J , Mercer Catherine H , Mohammed Hamish , Ross Jonathan , Sullivan Ann K , Murray Elizabeth , Burns Fiona M 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionThe past decade has seen a rapid increase in the volume and proportion of testing for sexually transmitted infections that are accessed via online postal self-sampling services in the UK. ASSIST (Assessing the impact of online postal self-sampling for sexually transmitted infections on health inequalities, access to care and clinical outcomes in the UK) aims to assess the impact of these services on health inequalities, access to care, and clinical and economic outcomes, and to identify the factors that influence the implementation and sustainability of these services.Methods and analysisASSIST is a mixed-methods, realist evaluated, national study with an in-depth focus of three case study areas (Birmingham, London and Sheffield). An impact evaluation, economic evaluation and implementation evaluation will be conducted. Findings from these evaluations will be analysed together to develop programme theories that explain the outcomes. Data collection includes quantitative data (using national, clinic based and online datasets); qualitative interviews with service users, healthcare professionals and key stakeholders; contextual observations and documentary analysis. STATA 17 and NVivo will be used to conduct the quantitative and qualitative analysis, respectively.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by South Central – Berkshire Research Ethics Committee (ref: 21/SC/0223). All quantitative data accessed and collected will be anonymous. Participants involved with qualitative interviews will be asked for informed consent, and data collected will be anonymised.Our dissemination strategy has been developed to access and engage key audiences in a timely manner and findings will be disseminated via the study website, social media, in peer-reviewed scientific journals, at research conferences, local meetings and seminars and at a concluding dissemination and networking event for stakeholders.
Antirheumatic treatment, disease activity and risk ofStaphylococcus aureusbacteraemia in rheumatoid arthritis: a nationwide nested case–control study
Authors: Dieperink Sabine Sparre , Mehnert Frank , Nørgaard Mette , Oestergaard Louise Bruun , Benfield Thomas , Petersen Andreas , Torp-Pedersen Christian , Glintborg Bente , Hetland Merete Lund 
Published: December 2022

ObjectivesTo assess how biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs), glucocorticoids and disease activity affect risk ofStaphylococcus aureusbacteraemia (SAB) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsIn a nationwide cohort of patients with RA from the DANBIO registry, we conducted a nested case–control study including first-time microbiologically verified SAB cases from 2010 to 2018 and incidence density matched controls (1:4 by sex, age). We interlinked Danish registries and identified antirheumatic treatments, RA-specific clinical characteristics, comorbidities and socioeconomic status. The relative risk of SAB was assessed by adjusted ORs with 95% CIs and number needed to harm (NNH) reflected the absolute risk.ResultsAmong 30 479 patients, we identified 180 SAB cases (incidence rate: 106.7/100 000 person-years) and matched 720 controls (57% women, median age 73 years, IQR: 65–80). Risk of SAB was increased in current (OR 1.8 (95% CI 1.1 to 3.2)) and former bDMARD users (OR 2.5 (95% CI 0.9 to 7.0)), and in current users of oral glucocorticoids ≤7.5 prednisolone-equivalent mg/day (OR 2.2 (95% CI 1.3 to 4.0) and >7.5 mg/day (OR 9.5 (95% CI 3.9 to 22.7)) (non-use as reference). ORs for moderate/high disease activity compared with remission were 1.6 (95% CI 0.8 to 3.3)/1.5 (95% CI 0.6 to 4.3). Risk was increased in patients with longstanding RA (>10 years vs ≤3 years, OR=2.4 (95% CI 1.1 to 5.3)). The NNH was 1172(95% CI 426 to 9374) for current use of bDMARDs and 110(95% CI 43 to 323) for glucocorticoids >7.5 mg/day.ConclusionWe identified a dose-dependent increased risk of SAB in patients with RA currently using oral glucocorticoids. Daily use of >7.5 mg appeared to be a clinically relevant risk factor, whereas the absolute risk was low for bDMARDs. No clear impact of disease activity was found.
Electromagnetic interaction of low transverse momentum charged leptons with heavy nuclei in ultra-peripheral ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions
Authors: Mazurek Katarzyna , Kłusek-Gawenda Mariola , Szczurek Antoni 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe photon–photon interaction in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collision is a source of the charged lepton pairs. The photon-photon fusion leads to the lepton creation in broad configuration space around the “collision” point. Those created close to heavy nuclei may undergo strong electromagnetic interaction with them. The impact parameter space distributions of electrons/positrons and charged muons are calculated within the b-space EPA model of such collisions. The evolution of $$e^+/e^-$$

e
+

/

e
-

and $$\mu ^+/\mu ^-$$

μ
+

/

μ
-

distributions due to the electromagnetic interaction of leptons with nuclei is studied, and the distortion of rapidity and transverse momentum distributions are shown. A part of the analysis is independent of the production model. We show the first exploratory results for the reaction Pb + Pb at $$\sqrt{s_{NN}} = $$

s

NN

=

17.3 GeV (SPS) and 200 GeV (RHIC) energies. We provide results for selected creation points and when integrating over their positions as dictated by the b-space EPA model. We observe sizeable effects for $$e^+ / e^-$$

e
+

/

e
-

and much smaller effects for $$\mu ^+ / \mu ^-$$

μ
+

/

μ
-

. We predict a possible sizeable accumulation of leptons with rapidities close to the beam rapidity. The EM effects lead to asymmetry in the production of $$e^+$$

e
+

and $$e^-$$

e
-

or $$\mu ^+$$

μ
+

and $$\mu ^-$$

μ
-

.
Targeting Lymphoma-associated Macrophage Expansion via CSF1R/JAK Inhibition is a Therapeutic Vulnerability in Peripheral T-cell Lymphomas
Authors: Gao Xin , Kady Nermin , Wang Chenguang , Abdelrahman Suhaib , Gann Peter , Sverdlov Maria , Wolfe Ashley , Brown Noah , Reneau John , Robida Aaron M. , Murga-Zamalloa Carlos , Wilcox Ryan A. 
Published: December 2022

The reciprocal relationship between malignant T cells and lymphoma-associated macrophages (LAM) within the tumor microenvironment (TME) is unique, as LAMs are well poised to provide ligands for antigen, costimulatory, and cytokine receptors that promote T-cell lymphoma growth. Conversely, malignant T cells promote the functional polarization and homeostatic survival of LAM. Therefore, we sought to determine the extent to which LAMs are a therapeutic vulnerability in these lymphomas, and to identify effective therapeutic strategies for their depletion. We utilized complementary genetically engineered mouse models and primary peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) specimens to quantify LAM expansion and proliferation. A high-throughput screen was performed to identify targeted agents that effectively deplete LAM within the context of PTCL. We observed that LAMs are dominant constituents of the TME in PTCL. Furthermore, their dominance was explained, at least in part, by their proliferation and expansion in response to PTCL-derived cytokines. Importantly, LAMs are a true dependency in these lymphomas, as their depletion significantly impaired PTCL progression. These findings were extrapolated to a large cohort of human PTCL specimens where LAM proliferation was observed. A high-throughput screen demonstrated that PTCL-derived cytokines led to relative resistance to CSF1R selective inhibitors, and culminated in the identification of dual CSF1R/JAK inhibition as a novel therapeutic strategy to deplete LAM in these aggressive lymphomas. Malignant T cells promote the expansion and proliferation of LAM, which are a bone fide dependency in these lymphomas, and are effectively depleted with a dual CSF1R/JAK inhibitor.Significance:LAMs are a therapeutic vulnerability, as their depletion impairs T-cell lymphoma disease progression. Pacritinib, a dual CSF1R/JAK inhibitor, effectively impaired LAM viability and expansion, prolonged survival in preclinical T-cell lymphoma models, and is currently being investigated as a novel therapeutic approach in these lymphomas.
Effects of modafinil and caffeine on night-time vigilance of air force crewmembers: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wingelaar-Jagt Yara Q. , Bottenheft Charelle , Riedel Wim J. , Ramaekers Johannes G. 
Published: December 2022

Background: Fatigue remains an important factor in major aviation accidents. Stimulants may counteract fatigue’s adverse effects, with modafinil as a promising alternative to caffeine. However, the effect of a single dose of modafinil after a limited period of sleep deprivation remains unknown. Aims: This study aims to determine the effect of 200 mg modafinil on vigilance during a limited period of sleep deprivation compared to 300 mg caffeine and placebo. Methods: Thirty-two volunteers of the Royal Netherlands Air Force (RNLAF) were double-blindly administered modafinil, caffeine, and placebo on three non-consecutive trial days after being awake for median 17 h. Afterwards, subjects completed six series of the Vigilance and Tracking test (VigTrack), psychomotor vigilance task (PVT), and Stanford Sleepiness Scale (SSS), yielding six primary endpoints. Results: This study revealed statistically significant effects of caffeine and modafinil compared with placebo on all endpoints, except for VigTrack mean tracking error. PVT results were less impaired 2 h after administration, followed by VigTrack parameters and SSS scores 2 h thereafter. Compared with caffeine, modafinil significantly improved PVT and SSS scores at 8 h after administration. Conclusions: The present study demonstrates that 200 mg modafinil and 300 mg caffeine significantly decrease the effects of a limited period of sleep deprivation on vigilance compared with placebo. Although PVT parameters already improved 2 h after administration, the most notable effects occurred 2–4 h later. Modafinil seems to be effective longer than caffeine, which is consistent with its longer half-life.
Knowledge and practices about safe handling regarding the risk of exposure to antineoplastic drugs for caregivers in compounding units and in operating rooms performing HIPEC/PIPAC
Authors: Delafoy Clémence , Benoist Hubert , Patin Alex , Vasseur Michèle , Guillouet Sonia , Eveno Clarisse , Guilloit Jean-Marc , Odou Pascal , Simon Nicolas , Saint-Lorant Guillaume 
Published: December 2022

Introduction Ever since the late 1970s, occupational exposure associated with the handling of antineoplastic drugs (ADs) in the healthcare environment has been highlighted and demonstrated. Contamination was detected in both operating rooms (OR) and compounding units (CU), where healthcare workers handle and are exposed to ADs in different ways. In the OR, the risk of exposure is higher and the staff receives less training in handling ADs than in the CU. This study aimed to assess and compare knowledge and practices about the safe handling of ADs by caregivers working in these two locations, namely the CU and OR. Methods Two questionnaires (one each for the OR and CU) were created by two investigator pharmacists and were completed during a personal interview of 20 min. The questions were related to the following topics: training, knowledge about occupational exposure and questions related to protective practices. A scoring system was implemented to assess the knowledge and practices of each participant. Results In total, 38 caregivers working in the OR and 39 in the CU were included in our study. Significantly more CU staff had specific initial training ( p < 0.001) and ongoing training ( p < 0.001) in handling ADs. Concerning the knowledge score, OR caregivers had a significantly lower median score for contamination routes ( p < 0.001), contamination surfaces ( p < 0.001), existing procedures ( p < 0.001) and total knowledge ( p < 0.001) than CU caregivers. Concerning protective handling practices of ADs, the two locations had nonsignificantly different median scores ( p = 0.892). Conclusion This study suggests that there is still room for improvement in terms of knowledge and protection practices when handling ADs. An appropriate and tailored training program should be developed and provided to all caregivers who handle or come in contact with ADs. Clinical trial registration Study CONTACT, ref. 19-504.
Improving the decision to switch from first- to second-line therapy in multiple sclerosis: A dynamic scoring system
Authors: Sabathé Camille , Casey Romain , Vukusic Sandra , Leray Emmanuelle , Mathey Guillaume , De Sèze Jérôme , Ciron Jonathan , Wiertlewski Sandrine , Ruet Aurélie , Pelletier Jean , Zéphir Hélène , Michel Laure , Lebrun-Frenay Christine , Moisset Xavier , Thouvenot Eric , Camdessanché Jean-Philippe , Bakchine Serge , Stankoff Bruno , Al Khedr Abdullatif , Cabre Philippe , Maillart Elisabeth , Berger Eric , Heinzlef Olivier , Hankiewicz Karolina , Moreau Thibault , Gout Olivier , Bourre Bertrand , Wahab Abir , Labauge Pierre , Montcuquet Alexis , Defer Gilles , Maurousset Aude , Maubeuge Nicolas , Dimitri Boulos Dalia , Ben Nasr Haïfa , Nifle Chantal , Casez Olivier , Laplaud David-Axel , Foucher Yohann 
Published: December 2022

Background: In relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), early identification of suboptimal responders can prevent disability progression. Objective: We aimed to develop and validate a dynamic score to guide the early decision to switch from first- to second-line therapy. Methods: Using time-dependent propensity scores (PS) from a French cohort of 12,823 patients with RRMS, we constructed one training and two validation PS-matched cohorts to compare the switched patients to second-line treatment and the maintained patients. We used a frailty Cox model for predicting individual hazard ratios (iHRs). Results: From the validation PS-matched cohort of 348 independent patients with iHR ⩽ 0.69, we reported the 5-year relapse-free survival at 0.14 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.09–0.22) for the waiting group and 0.40 (95% CI 0.32–0.51) for the switched group. From the validation PS-matched cohort of 518 independent patients with iHR > 0.69, these values were 0.37 (95% CI 0.30–0.46) and 0.44 (95% CI 0.37–0.52), respectively. Conclusions: By using the proposed dynamic score, we estimated that at least one-third of patients could benefit from an earlier switch to prevent relapse.