bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Negative pressure wound therapy improves take rate of skin graft in irregular, high-mobility areas compared to Tie-over Bolster Dressings: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Cao Xiaoling , Hu Zhicheng , Zhang Yi , Wang Peng , Huang Shaobin , Zhu Wenkai , Dong Yunxian , Xu Hailin , Tang Bing , Zhu Jiayuan 
Published: September 2022

Background:
The clinical problem of tie-over bolster dressing (TBD) securing the skin graft is low graft take rates in irregular, high-mobility areas and suboptimal recipient wound beds. Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) has become a well-established method to securing the graft, and the graft take rate of this method were reported to 96.7%. However, comparative efficacies between the TBD and NPWT on irregular, high-mobility areas are yet to be determined.

Study Design:
Patients eligible for skin graft were randomly assigned to receive either NPWT or TBD between December 2014 and December 2015. The primary outcome was determined by the take rate of skin grafts between the fifth and seventh postoperative day. The secondary outcomes were dressing time and postoperative complications including hematoma, seroma, infection, displacement, and necrosis.

Results:
A total of 86 patients were enrolled to receive either NPWT (n=43) or TBD (n=43) for skin graft treatment. NPWT significantly improved the take rate of grafts as compared to TBD (97.2% vs. 90.2%; p = 0.005). The improvements came from the grafts in irregular, high-mobility areas in the respective groups (97.6% vs. 81.7%; p < 0.001). NPWT reduced the skin graft displacement in postoperative complications as compared with that in TBD (1 patient vs. 9 patients; p = 0.007). The dressing time of the NPWT was significantly shorter as compared with TBD (15. 2±4.2 min vs. 27.4±4.3 min; p = 0.001).

Conclusions:
NPWT could improve the take rate of skin grafts in irregular, high-mobility areas, and shorten the dressing time.
Fat Grafting as Regenerative Surgery: A Current Review
Authors: Firriolo Joseph M. , Condé-Green Alexandra , Pu Lee L.Q. 
Published: September 2022

Summary:
Autologous fat grafting has long been regarded an ideal filler, lauded for its ability to restore soft tissue contour. In recent times, fat grafting has exhibited regenerative capacity, largely secondary to the action of adipose-derived stem cells and preadipocytes in the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) of adipose tissue. This has birthed a new field of regenerative surgery with benefits germane to scarring, fibrosis, atrophy, burns, neuropathic pain, autoimmune disease and more. The broad clinical applications of regenerative fat grafting have the potential to improve quality of life through functional and aesthetic improvement. Fat grafting has the potential to serve as a regenerative option for difficult clinical problems that cannot be effectively treated at the present time. Fat grafting also exhibits angiogenic and immunomodulatory properties in the context of autoimmune disease. The broad clinical applications of regenerative fat grafting have the potential to improve quality of life both functionally and aesthetically. It may present a less invasive avenue for clinical issues that today necessitate conventional surgical techniques. However, regenerative fat grafting is still in its infancy; further research is required to ascertain evidence-based protocols for the various clinical indications and better understand the precise regenerative mechanisms after fat grafting.
Physician Loans: Understanding and Overcoming an Epidemic.”
Authors: Manisundaram Arvind D. , Nagai Michael Y. , Frey Jordan D. 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Plastic surgeons face increasing financial pressure from debt, largely in two forms: education and practice loans. We aim to provide perspective and context when assessing their individual situations while providing straightforward and evidence-based guidance for plastic surgeons to effectively manage their physician loan burden.

Methods:
Data from the AAMC national Graduation Questionnaire was used and analyzed. Resources for physician loans (both public and private) were also explored to determine options available to physicians.

Results:
By graduation, the education debt for the average medical graduate is roughly $200,000. Medical school debt makes up the majority of education debt, with the four-year cost-of-attendance (COA) for the class of 2020 at over $275,000 for over half of all medical schools. Over the last decade, the median cost of attendance (COA) has grown at a faster rate than median debt levels at a rate double that of inflation.

Conclusion:
The two major forms of debt facing plastic surgeons are educational and practice debt. Through financial education and the enactment of sound financial strategies, these debts can be effectively managed, improving physician well-being and bringing the focus more squarely back on patient care.
Long-Term Effect of Group Support Psychotherapy on Depression and HIV Treatment Outcomes: Secondary Analysis of a Cluster Randomized Trial in Uganda
Authors: Nakimuli-Mpungu Etheldreda , Smith Colin M. , Wamala Kizito , Okello James , Birungi Josephine , Etukoit Micheal , Mojtabai Ramin , Nachega Jean B. , Harari Ofir , Musisi Seggane , Mills Edward J. 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT

Objective
We aimed to determine the effect of group support psychotherapy (GSP) compared with group HIV education (GHE) on depression and HIV treatment outcomes 24 months after treatment. We further aimed to investigate the mediating role of depression and antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence in the relationship between GSP and viral load suppression.

Methods
Thirty HIV clinics across three districts were randomly assigned to deliver either GSP or GHE for depression. Depression and optimal (≥95%) ART adherence was assessed at baseline and 6, 12, 18, and 24 months after treatment. Viral load was drawn from the medical charts at baseline and 12 and 24 months after treatment. Multilevel mixed-effects regression models and generalized structural equation modeling were used to estimate 24-month outcomes and mediation effects.

Results
Participants (N = 1140) were enrolled from HIV clinics offering either GSP (n = 578 [51%]) or GHE (n = 562 [49%]). Fewer GSP than GHE participants met the criteria for depression at 24 months after treatment (1% versus 25%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.002, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.0002–0.018). More GSP than GHE participants reported optimal (≥95%) ART adherence (96% versus 88%; aOR = 20.88, 95% CI = 5.78–75.33) and improved viral suppression (96% versus 88%; aOR = 3.38, 95% CI = 1.02–11.02). The indirect effects of GSP through sequential reduction in depression and improvement in ART adherence at 12 months may partially explain the higher viral suppression rates at 24 months in GSP than GHE groups.

Conclusion
In settings where the HIV epidemic persists, depression treatment with GSP may be critical for optimal HIV treatment outcomes.
Trial Registration: The Pan African Clinical Trials Registry, number PACTR201608001738234.
Venous thromboembolic screening in pediatric trauma: A prospective cohort study of risk-stratified ultrasonography
Authors: Tobias Joseph , Labuz Daniel F. , Cunningham Aaron , Dixon Alexandra , Selesner Leigh , Moss Lori , Dewey Elizabeth , Haley Kristina M. , Burns Erin , Schreiber Martin , Wilson Rachel , Hamilton Nicholas A. , Jafri Mubeen A. 
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND
This prospective observational cohort study evaluates risk-stratified venous thromboembolism (VTE) screening in injured children. While the reported incidence of VTE is 6% to 10% among critically injured children, there is no standard for screening. Venous thromboembolism may have long-term sequelae in children, including postthrombotic syndrome.

METHODS
Patients admitted to a level 1 pediatric trauma center were risk stratified for VTE using a validated prediction algorithm. Children at high risk (risk scores ≥523; i.e., ≥1% risk) received screening duplex ultrasonography. Children at moderate risk (risk scores 410–522; i.e., 0.3–0.99% risk) were screened as a comparison/control.

RESULTS
Three-hundred fifty-five children were consecutively risk stratified from October 2019 to May 2021. Forty-seven children received screening duplex ultrasounds: 21 from a high-risk cohort and 26 from a moderate-risk cohort. Four children were diagnosed with VTE in the high-risk cohort compared with seven in the moderate-risk cohort (p = 0.53). Total incidence of VTE among screened children was 23.4% (11 of 47). Asymptomatic VTE accounted for 81.8% of all events (9 of 11). Fifty-four percent (6 of 11) of VTE were central venous catheter associated. Venous thromboembolism in surviving children resolved by 3 to 6 months with no symptoms of postthrombotic syndrome after 1 year. No cases of VTE were identified in unscreened children, yielding an institutional VTE incidence of 3.1% (11 of 355).

DISCUSSION
Risk-stratified screening demonstrates a significant incidence of asymptomatic VTE in injured children. These results may guide reevaluation of prediction algorithms developed from symptomatic VTE risk and longitudinal study of the sequelae of asymptomatic VTE.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Prognostic and Epidemiological; Level III.
Resuscitative practices and the use of low-titer group O whole blood in pediatric trauma
Authors: Morgan Katrina M. , Leeper Christine M. , Yazer Mark H. , Spinella Philip C. , Gaines Barbara A. 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
Increasing rates of penetrating trauma in the United States makes rapid identification of hemorrhagic shock, coagulopathy, and early initiation of balanced resuscitation in injured children of critical importance. Hemorrhagic shock begins early after injury and can be challenging to identify in children, as hypotension is a late sign that a child is on the verge of circulatory collapse and should be aggressively resuscitated. Recent data support shifting away from crystalloid and toward early resuscitation with blood products because of worse coagulopathy and clinical outcomes in injured patients resuscitated with crystalloid. Multicenter studies have found improved survival in injured children who receive balanced resuscitation with higher fresh frozen plasma: red blood cell ratios. Whole blood is an efficient way to achieve balanced resuscitation in critically injured children with limited intravenous access and decreased exposure to multiple donors. Administration of cold-stored, low-titer O-negative whole blood (LTOWB) appears to be safe in adults and children and may be associated with improved survival in children with life-threatening hemorrhage. Many pediatric centers use RhD-negative LTOWB for all female children because of the risk of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (0–6%); however. there is a scarcity of LTOWB compared with the demand. Low risks of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn affecting a future pregnancy must be weighed against high mortality rates in delayed blood product administration in children in hemorrhagic shock. Survey studies involving key stakeholder's opinions on pediatric blood transfusion practices are underway. Existing pediatric-specific literature on trauma resuscitation is often limited and underpowered; multicenter prospective studies are urgently needed to define optimal resuscitation products and practices in injured children in an era of increasing penetrating trauma.
The TH01 microsatellite and INS VNTR are strongly associated with type 2 diabetes and fasting insulin secretion
Authors: Berumen Jaime , Orozco Lorena , Gallardo-Rincón Héctor , Juárez-Torres Eligia , Barrera Elizabeth , Cruz-López Miguel , Benuto Rosa Elba , Ramos-Martinez Espiridión , Marin-Madina Melissa , Alvarado-Silva Anabel , Valladares-Salgado Adán , Peralta-Romero José de Jesús , García-Ortiz Humberto , Martinez-Juarez Luis Alberto , Montoya Alejandra , Alvarez-Hernández Diego-Abelardo , Alegre-Diaz Jesús , Kuri-Morales Pablo , Tapia-Conyer Roberto 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) located in the insulin gene (INS) control region may be involved in the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). The TH01 microsatellite is located close to INS and has previously been suggested to be involved its regulation. Therefore, this observational study investigated whether the TH01 microsatellite and INS VNTR, as assessed via the surrogate marker single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs689, are associated with T2D in the Mexican population. Logistic regression models were used to calculate the risk conferred by TH01 and INS VNTR loci for T2D development. TH01 alleles 6, 8, 9 and 9.3 and allele A of rs689 were independently associated with T2D; differences were found between age at T2D diagnosis and sex. Larger alleles of TH01 (≥8 repeats) conferred an increased risk for T2D in males when compared with smaller alleles (≤7 repeats) (odds ratio, ≥1.46; 95% confidence interval, 1.1–1.95). In females, larger alleles conferred a 1.5-fold higher risk for T2D when diagnosed at ≥46 years whereas they conferred protection when diagnosed at ≤45 years. Both TH01 and SNP rs689 were associated with T2D in the same groups; the association remained significant for both loci in multivariate models. The median fasting plasma insulin concentration was significantly higher in patients with T2D versus controls, and in those diagnosed at ≤45 versus ≥46 years. TH01 larger alleles or the A allele of rs689 may potentiate insulin synthesis in males, but not females, without T2D, a process that is disabled in those with T2D.
Relationship between gait parameters and cognitive indexes in elderly adults
Authors: Aznielle-Rodríguez Tania , Galán-García Lídice , Ontivero-Ortega Marlis , Aguilar-Mateu Karen , Castro-Laguardia Ana M. , Fernández-Nin Ana , García-Agustín Daysi , Valdés-Sosa Mitchell 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPurposesTo select the summary cognitive index that is best predicted from spatio-temporal gait features (STGF) extracted from gait patterns.Methods125 participants were recruited, including 40 young and 85 elderly adults. Their performances in different cognitive domains were evaluated through 12 cognitive measures obtained from five neuropsychological tests. Four summary cognitive indexes were calculated in each case: 1) the z-score of Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) from a population norm (MMSE z-score); 2) the sum of the absolute z-scores of the patient’s neuropsychological measures from a population norm (ZSum); 3) the patient’s scores for the first principal component (PC) of the set of neuropsychological test scores (PCCog); and 4) the Mahalanobis distance of each patient’s score from a population norm (MDCog). The gait patterns were recorded while they executed four walking tasks (normal, fast, easy- and hard-dual tasks). Sixteen STGF were measured using a body-fixed Inertial Measurement Unit. Dual-task costs were computed. The proportion of variances (R2) that PCA-STGF scores accounted for the four summary cognitive indexes and for the 12 cognitive variables across individuals were measured in multiple linear regressions. The confidence intervals for each R2 were estimated by bootstrapping the regression 1000 times.ResultsThe mean values of R2 for the summary cognitive indexes were: 0.0831 for MMSE z-score, 0.0624 for ZSum, 0.0614 for PCCog, and 0.4751 for MDCog. The mean values of R2 for the 12 cognitive values ranged between 0.0566 and 0.1211. The multivariate linear regression was only statistically significant for MDCog, with the highest value of the R2 estimation.ConclusionsIndividual cognitive variables and most of the summary cognitive indices showed a weak association with gait parameters. However, the MDCog index showed a stronger association, explaining about 50 % of the variance. This suggests that this index can be used to study the relationship between gait patterns and cognition.
Benchmarking Oxford Nanopore Read Alignment-Based Structural Variant Detection Tools in Crop Plant Genomes
Authors: Yildiz Gözde , Zanini Silvia F. , Afsharyan Nazanin P , Obermeier Christian , Snowdon Rod J , Golicz Agnieszka A. 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTStructural variations (SVs) are larger polymorphisms (>50 bp in length), which consist of insertions, deletions, inversions, duplications, and translocations. They can have a strong impact on agronomical traits and play an important role in environmental adaptation. The development of long-read sequencing technologies, including Oxford Nanopore, allows for comprehensive SV discovery and characterization even in complex polyploid crop genomes. However, many of the SV discovery pipeline benchmarks do not include complex plant genome datasets. In this study, we benchmarked popular long-read alignment-based SV detection tools for crop plant genomes. We used real and simulated Oxford Nanopore reads for two crops, allotetraploidBrassica napus(oilseed rape) and diploidSolanum lycopersicum(tomato), and evaluated several read aligners and SV callers across 5×, 10×, and 20× coverages typically used in re-sequencing studies. Our benchmarks provide a useful guide for designing Oxford Nanopore re-sequencing projects and SV discovery pipelines for crop plants.
Bio-Aurac – an open-source browser plugin to better navigate literature content
Authors: Etherington Nick E J , Evans Ashley J , Laing Mark P , Rollings Brad , Sweeton Michael J , Whitehorn Alex J , Southan C , Holliday Gemma L , Jimenez Rafael C , Dunlop Ian W 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSummaryBio-Aurac is an open-source web browser plugin designed to support the research community in drug discovery and life sciences. The tool has been designed to help researchers, scientists, and curators to better explore, navigate and understand content from literature accessing valuable integrated information from third party resources. It identifies, highlights, and provides additionally knowledge for names of biochemical entities like genes and proteins.Availability and ImplementationBio-Aurac has been implemented using a microservice architecture which is open-source and abstracted from non-technical users by utilizing Docker containers (Nüst, 2020). It can be run with minimal prerequisites on both Chrome and Firefox browsers.The code for installing and running the web browser plugin can be found here:https://github.com/mdcatapult/bio-aurac(Along with detailed installation instructions). A comprehensive collection of all the code involved in building this open-source project can be found:https://github.com/mdcatapult/aurac-web-plugin,https://github.com/mdcatapult/PDF-Converter,https://github.com/mdcatapult/entity-recognitionContactSoftwareEngineering@md.catapult.org.uk,ian.dunlop@md.catapult.org.uk
Demography-environment relationships improve mechanistic understanding of range dynamics under climate change
Authors: Malchow Anne-Kathleen , Hartig Florian , Reeg Jette , Kéry Marc , Zurell Damaris 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSpecies responses to climate change are widely detected as range and abundance changes. To better explain and predict them, we need a mechanistic understanding of how the underlying demographic processes are shaped by climatic conditions. We built spatially-explicit, process-based models for eight Swiss breeding bird populations. They jointly consider dispersal, population dynamics and the climate-dependence of three demographic processes - juvenile survival, adult survival and fecundity. The models were calibrated to two-decade abundance time-series in a Bayesian framework. We assessed goodness-of-fit and discriminatory power of the models with different metrics, indicating fair to excellent model fit. The most influential climatic predictors for population performance were the mean breeding-season temperature and the total winter precipitation. Maps of overall growth rate highlighted demographically suitable areas. Further, benefits from contemporary climate change were detected for typical mountain birds, whereas lowland birds were adversely affected. Embedding generic process-based models in a solid statistical framework improves our mechanistic understanding of range dynamics and allows disentangling the underlying abiotic and biotic processes. For future research, we advocate a stronger integration of experimental and empirical measurements and more detailed predictors in order to generate precise insights into the processes by which climate affects populations.
Huntington’s disease phenocopy syndromes revisited: a clinical comparison and next-generation sequencing exploration
Authors: Koriath CAM , Guntotoi F , Norseworthy P , Dolzhenko E , Eberle MA , Hensman Moss DJ , Flower M , Hummerich H , Rosser A , Tabrizi SJ , Mead S , Wild E 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWhen the genetic test for the Huntington’s disease (HD)HTTexpansion first became available almost 30 years ago, only 1% of patients tested negative. Since then, the test has become more accessible and the HD phenotype has expanded. More patients are being tested overall, and more negative tests are being received. These patients are deemed “HD phenocopy syndromes” (HDPC). In this study we established a current estimate for the prevalence of these patients. We also surveyed HD clinician experts on what would make them consider an HD test and compared both HD and HDPC patients to these expectations to decide whether they could be distinguished clinically; this proved impossible even when comparing symptom patterns. We re-analysed existing gene panel data for likely and potentially deleterious variants. Furthermore, we determined principles to prioritise patients for whole-genome sequencing (WGS). It was used to probe a 50 patient strong subcohort of HD phenocopy syndromes for known causes of HD-like and other neurodegenerative disease, identifying oneATXN1expansion using ExpansionHunter®. This was a small genetic substudy and therefore unsurprisingly no other known deleterious variants could be identified as in these cryptic understudied syndromes. Novel variants in known genes and variants in genes not yet linked to neurodegeneration may play an outsized role.
Cell type specific transcriptomic differences in depression show similar patterns between males and females but implicate distinct cell types and genes
Authors: Maitra Malosree , Mitsuhashi Haruka , Rahimian Reza , Chawla Anjali , Yang Jennie , Fiori Laura , Davoli Maria-Antonietta , Perlman Kelly , Aouabed Zahia , Mash Deborah C , Suderman Matthew , Mechawar Naguib , Turecki Gustavo , Nagy Corina 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is a common, heterogenous, and potentially serious psychiatric illness. Diverse brain cell types have been implicated in MDD etiology. Significant sexual differences exist in MDD clinical presentation and outcome, and recent evidence suggests different molecular bases for male and female MDD. We evaluated over 160,000 nuclei from 71 female and male donors, leveraging new and pre-existing single-nucleus RNA-sequencing data from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Cell type specific transcriptome-wide threshold-free MDD-associated gene expression patterns were similar between the sexes, but significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) diverged. Among 7 broad cell types and 41 clusters evaluated, microglia and parvalbumin interneurons contributed the most DEGs in females, while deep layer excitatory neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocyte precursors were the major contributors in males. Further, the Mic1 cluster with 38% of female DEGs and the ExN10_L46 cluster with 53% of male DEGs, stood out in the meta-analysis of both sexes.