bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional physiological phenotyping and transcriptome analysis provide new insight into strawberry growth and water consumption
Authors: Jiang Lili , Sun Ting , Wang Xiaofang , Zong Xiaojuan , Wu Chong 
Published: November 2022

Global warming is expected to increase agricultural water scarcity; thus, optimized irrigation schedules are important and timely for sustainable crop production. Deficit irrigation, which balances crop growth and water consumption, has been proposed, but the critical threshold is not easily quantified. Here, we conducted experiments on strawberry plants subjecting progressive drought following various water recovery treatments on the high-throughput physiological phenotyping system “Plantarray”. The critical soil water contents (θcri), below which the plant transpiration significantly decreased, were calculated from the inflection point of the transpiration rate (Tr) - volumetric soil water content (VWC) curve fitted by a piecewise function. The physiological traits of water relations were compared between the well-watered plants (CK), plants subjecting the treatment of rewatering at the point of θcrifollowing progressive drought (WR_θcri), and the plants subjecting the treatment of rewatering at severe drought following progressive drought (WR_SD). The results showed that midday Tr, daily transpiration (E), and biomass gain of the plants under WR_θcritreatment were equivalent to CK during the whole course of the experiment, but those under WR_SD treatment were significantly lower than CK during the water stress phase that could not recover even after rehydration. To explore the gene regulatory mechanisms, transcriptome analysis of the samples collected 12 h before, 12 h post and 36 h post water recovery in the three treatments was conducted. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses for the differentially expressed genes indicated that genes involved in mineral absorption and flavonoid biosynthesis were among the most striking transcriptionally reversible genes under the WR_θcritreatment. Functional physiological phenotyping and transcriptome data provide new insight into a potential, quantitative, and balanceable water-saving strategy for strawberry irrigation and other agricultural crops.
Representations of depression and schizophrenia in the community: The role of illness and risk perceptions on help-seeking intentions
Authors: Neto David Dias , Figueiras Maria João , Sebastião Rita 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveIllness perceptions (IPs) are important in understanding human reactions to illnesses, including mental health disorders. They influence risk perceptions and several variables relevant to the adjustment to a disorder, treatment seeking, and health outcomes. This study sought to compare IP, risk perception, and help-seeking intention for depression and schizophrenia in a community sample and to assess the mediating role of risk perception in the relationship between IP and help-seeking intention.Materials and methodsA total of 380 adults participated in this study and filled out self-report measures of IPs, risk perceptions, and help-seeking intention. The previous diagnosis of depression was used to control the comparisons between the two disorders. A structural equation model (SEM) was used to test the mediation relationship.ResultsPerceived consequences, expected timeline, lack of personal control, and symptom identity were higher for schizophrenia, while lack of treatment control and concern were higher for depression. An interaction occurred with a previous diagnosis of depression for several dimensions of IP. Concerning the SEM, a valid model was obtained for depression, explaining 15.5% of help-seeking intentions, but not for schizophrenia.ConclusionThe results show that the general population represents depression and schizophrenia differently. These representations are influenced by having experienced depression, and that illness and risk perceptions contribute to explaining the intention to seek help. Considering these illness representations makes it possible to understand the general population’s emotional and cognitive reactions to mental health disorders.
Educational interventions to improve detection and management of cognitive decline in primary care—An Italian multicenter pragmatic study
Authors: Lombardi Gemma , Chipi Elena , Arenella Domenico , Fiorani Ambra , Frisoni Giovanni Battista , Linarello Simona , Montanucci Chiara , Muscio Cristina , Pacifico Irene , Pelizzari Silvia , Perani Daniela , Piras Fabrizio , Rozzini Luca , Sorbi Sandro , Spalletta Gianfranco , Tagliavini Fabrizio , Tiraboschi Pietro , Parnetti Lucilla , Filippini Graziella 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionTimely detection of cognitive decline in primary care is essential to promote an appropriate care pathway and enhance the benefits of interventions. We present the results of a study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational intervention addressed to Italian family physicians (FPs) to improve timely detection and management of cognitive decline.Materials and methodsWe conducted a pre-post study in six Italian health authorities (HAs) involving 254 FPs and 3,736 patients. We measured process and outcome indicators before the intervention (1 January 2014 to 31 December 2016) and after the intervention (1 January 2018 to 31 December 2019). One interactive face-to-face session workshop was delivered by local cognitive disorders and dementia specialists and FP advisors at each HA, in the period September 2017–December 2017. The session focused on key messages of the local Diagnostic and Therapeutic Care Pathway (DTCP) or regional guidelines: (a) the role of the FP for a timely suspicion of cognitive decline is fundamental; (b) when cognitive decline is suspected, the role of the FP is active in the diagnostic work-up; (c) FP’s knowledge on pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions is essential to improve the management of patients with cognitive decline.ResultsAn overall improvement in diagnostic procedures and management of patients with cognitive decline by FPs after the intervention was observed. The number of visits per year performed by FPs increased, and the time interval between the first FP consultation and the diagnosis was optimized. Neuroleptic use significantly decreased, whereas the use of benzodiazepines remained steadily high. Non-pharmacological interventions, or use of support services, were underrepresented even in the post-intervention. Differences among the participating HAs were identified and discussed.DiscussionResults from this study suggest the success of the educational intervention addressed to FPs in improving early detection and management of cognitive decline, highlighting the importance to continue medical education in this field. At the same time, further initiatives of care pathway dissemination and implementation should promote strategies to enhance interactions between primary and secondary care optimizing the collaboration between FPs and specialists.
Mental health in the Austrian general population during COVID-19: Cross-sectional study on the association with sociodemographic factors
Authors: Humer Elke , Schaffler Yvonne , Jesser Andrea , Probst Thomas , Pieh Christoph 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionThe impact of the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic and the associated governmental restrictions on mental health have been reported in different countries. This cross-sectional study evaluated mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic in Austria and the association with sociodemographic factors (i.e., age, sex, education, income, employment status, partnership status, and migration background).MethodsA representative sample (N = 1,031) of the Austrian general population was surveyed online end of April 2022. Indicators of mental health were depression (PHQ-9), anxiety (GAD-7), insomnia (ISI), alcohol abuse (CAGE), eating disorders (SCOFF), and stress (PSS-10).Results1,031 participants completed the online survey (50.3% women; mean age: 45.6 ± 17.23 years). Cut-offs for clinically relevant depression were exceeded by 28%. 16% scored above the cut-off for clinically relevant anxiety symptoms, 15% for clinical insomnia, 18% for alcohol abuse, 26% for eating disorders, and 65% for moderate to high stress. Comparisons with another cross-sectional representative Austrian sample recruited during the first weeks of the COVID-19 pandemic in Austria (April 2020) revealed increases in depression (from 21 to 28%) but no significant changes in anxiety, insomnia, and moderate to high stress. Multivariable logistic regression showed the strongest associations of mental health indicators with age, income, and sex. Increasing age and income were associated with lower odds of mental health symptoms. Being female compared to male increased the odds of depressive symptoms while decreasing the odds of alcohol abuse.DiscussionThe COVID-19 crisis seems particularly stressful for younger adults (&lt;35 years) and people with low income (&lt;€2,000 net household income per month). Policymakers need to consider the high social and economic costs of lockdowns and think of optimal intervention methods for mental disorders among young and low-income individuals.
Excessive smartphone use and its correlations with social anxiety and quality of life among medical students in a public university in Malaysia: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Mohd Salleh Sahimi Hajar , Norzan Mohd Hafiz , Nik Jaafar Nik Ruzyanei , Sharip Shalisah , Ashraf Ammar , Shanmugam Kamaleshini , Bistamam Nur Shahirah , Mohammad Arrif Najat Emir , Kumar Saathish , Midin Marhani 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionSmartphone usage has significantly increased in the last decade among young adults has significantly increased in the last decade. While its benefits are undeniable, its negative implications are increasingly emerging. Studies are needed to investigate the effects of excessive smartphone use on a young person's life. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of excessive smartphone use among medical students and its relations with social anxiety, self-esteem, and quality of life.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among medical students from Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) in UKM Medical Center. A total of 273 students have consented to participate and completed self-reported questionnaires encompassing sociodemographic information, the Short Version Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS-SV), the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS), the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF) and the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (RSES). Sociodemographic data, SIAS score, WHOQOL-BREF score and the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale score were treated as independent variables. Smartphone addiction Scale score was treated as the dependent variable. Bivariate analysis was used to explore the relationship between independent and dependent variables using the Fisher exact test, Pearson Chi-Square and Pearson correlation coefficient. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyze the variables with ap-value of &lt; 0.05 from the Pearson correlation coefficient test.ResultsThe percentage of excessive smarphone use among UKM medical students is 48%. The bivariate analysis showed that excessive smartphone use has a small but significant positive correlation with social anxiety (r= 0.173,p= 0.004) and negative correlations with physical health (r= −0.133,p= 0.028), psychological wellbeing (r=−0.135,p= 0.026), social relationships (r= −0.232,p= 0.001), environment (r= −0.260,p= 0.001) and self-esteem (r= −0.128,p= 0.035). In the multiple regression analysis, a better environment predicted a reduced risk for smartphone addiction (β = −0.233,p= 0.013).ConclusionAlmost half of the students were found to have smartphone overdependence. Excessive smartphone use has shown a significant relationship with an increased risk for social anxiety, reduction in self-esteem, and quality of life among medical students. A closer look into the possible intervention is needed in the future to curb the negative effects arising from excessive smartphone use.
Clinical evidence of acupuncture and moxibustion for irritable bowel syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Yang Yuanming , Rao Kehan , Zhan Kai , Shen Min , Zheng Huan , Qin Shumin , Wu Haomeng , Bian Zhaoxiang , Huang Shaogang 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundAcupuncture and moxibustion have been widely used in the treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS). But the evidence that acupuncture and moxibustion for IBS reduction of symptom severity and abdominal pain, and improvement of quality of life is scarce.MethodsPubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Scientific Journals Database (VIP), Wanfang Database, China Biomedical Literature Service System (SinoMed), and unpublished sources were searched from inception until June 30, 2022. The quality of RCTs was assessed with the Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool. The strength of the evidence was evaluated with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation system (GRADE). Trial sequential analysis (TSA) was conducted to determine whether the participants in the included trials had reached optimal information size and whether the cumulative data was adequately powered to evaluate outcomes.ResultsA total of 31 RCTs were included. Acupuncture helped reduce the severity of symptoms more than pharmaceutical drugs (MD, −35.45; 95% CI, −48.21 to −22.68; I2 = 71%). TSA showed the cumulative Z score crossed O'Brien-Fleming alpha-spending significance boundaries. Acupuncture wasn't associated with symptom severity reduction (SMD, 0.03, 95% CI, −0.25 to 0.31, I2 = 46%), but exhibited therapeutic benefits on abdominal pain (SMD, −0.24; 95% CI, −0.48 to −0.01; I2 = 8%) compared to sham acupuncture. Moxibustion show therapeutic benefits compared to sham moxibustion on symptom severity (SMD, −3.46, 95% CI, −5.66 to −1.27, I2 = 95%) and abdominal pain (SMD, −2.74, 95% CI, −4.81 to −0.67, I2 = 96%). Acupuncture (SMD, −0.46; 95% CI, −0.68 to −0.24; I2 = 47%) and the combination of acupuncture and moxibustion (SMD, −2.00; 95% CI, −3.04 to −0.96; I2 = 90%) showed more benefit for abdominal pain compared to pharmacological medications as well as shams. Acupuncture (MD, 4.56; 95% CI, 1.46–7.67; I2 = 79%) and moxibustion (MD, 6.97; 95% CI, 5.78–8.16; I2 = 21%) were more likely to improve quality of life than pharmaceutical drugs.ConclusionAcupuncture and/or moxibustion are beneficial for symptom severity, abdominal pain and quality of life in IBS. However, in sham control trials, acupuncture hasn't exhibited robust and stable evidence, and moxibustion's results show great heterogeneity. Hence, more rigorous sham control trials of acupuncture or moxibustion are necessary.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=262118, identifier CRD42021262118.
Development and validation of a nomogram for the early prediction of acute kidney injury in hospitalized COVID-19 patients
Authors: Wang Congjie , Sun Huiyuan , Li Xinna , Wu Daoxu , Chen Xiaoqing , Zou Shenchun , Jiang Tingshu , Lv Changjun 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionAcute kidney injury (AKI) is a prevalent complication of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and is closely linked with a poorer prognosis. The aim of this study was to develop and validate an easy-to-use and accurate early prediction model for AKI in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.MethodsData from 480 COVID-19-positive patients (336 in the training set and 144 in the validation set) were obtained from the public database of the Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA). The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression method and multivariate logistic regression were used to screen potential predictive factors to construct the prediction nomogram. Receiver operating curves (ROC), calibration curves, as well as decision curve analysis (DCA) were adopted to assess the effectiveness of the nomogram. The prognostic value of the nomogram was also examined.ResultsA predictive nomogram for AKI was developed based on arterial oxygen saturation, procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, glomerular filtration rate, and the history of coronary artery disease. In the training set, the nomogram produced an AUC of 0.831 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.774–0.889) with a sensitivity of 85.2% and a specificity of 69.9%. In the validation set, the nomogram produced an AUC of 0.810 (95% CI: 0.737–0.871) with a sensitivity of 77.4% and a specificity of 78.8%. The calibration curve shows that the nomogram exhibited excellent calibration and fit in both the training and validation sets. DCA suggested that the nomogram has promising clinical effectiveness. In addition, the median length of stay (m-LS) for patients in the high-risk group for AKI (risk score ≥ 0.122) was 14.0 days (95% CI: 11.3–16.7 days), which was significantly longer than 8.0 days (95% CI: 7.1–8.9 days) for patients in the low-risk group (risk score &lt;0.122) (hazard ratio (HR): 1.98, 95% CI: 1.55–2.53, p &lt; 0.001). Moreover, the mortality rate was also significantly higher in the high-risk group than that in the low-risk group (20.6 vs. 2.9%, odd ratio (OR):8.61, 95%CI: 3.45–21.52).ConclusionsThe newly constructed nomogram model could accurately identify potential COVID-19 patients who may experience AKI during hospitalization at the very beginning of their admission and may be useful for informing clinical prognosis.
The effect of different types of physical activity on cognitive reaction time in older adults in China
Authors: Liu Yujie , Hou Xiao , Tang Zhengyan , Zhang Hanyue , Liu Jingmin 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionAging is not only reflected in the degeneration of physiological functions but is also embodied in the decline of psychological and cognitive functions. The decline of cognitive function can reduce the quality of life in older adults, and even potentially cause Alzheimer's disease, which may lead to a heavy burden on patients, families, and society. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of physical activity (PA) on cognitive reaction time in older adults.MethodsA cross-sectional survey design was used in this study. A total of 839 elderly subjects were recruited from Beijing and Shanghai. In total, 792 subjects met the inclusion criteria (age &gt; 60 years, without disability, speech, and hearing impairment), including 384 men (age:67.7 ± 5.7 years) and 408 women (age: 68.2 ± 5.8 years). The PA was assessed by the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE). All kinds of PA were divided into three levels: “Low” (&lt; 50% average score), “Moderate” (50–150% average score), and “High” (&gt;150% average score). The reaction time of subjects was measured by the selective reaction tester (Model: CSTF-XF, TFHT, Beijing, China).ResultsFor leisure-time PA, the results showed that the cognitive reaction time of older adults in the “Low” group (1.11 ± 0.32 s) was significantly longer than that in the “Moderate” group (1.05 ± 0.30 s, p &lt; 0.01) and the “High” group (0.99 ± 0.28 s, p &lt; 0.01). For housework PA, there was no significant difference in the cognitive reaction time among the three groups (“Low”: 1.09 ± 0.31 s; “Moderate”: 1.07 ± 0.31 s; “High”: 1.05 ± 0.28 s, p &gt; 0.05). For work-related PA, the results showed that the cognitive reaction time of older adults in the “Low” group (1.09 ± 0.30 s) was significantly longer than that in the “High” group (0.99 ± 0.28 s) and the “Moderate” group (1.03 ± 0.32 s, p &lt; 0.01).ConclusionThe PA has a positive effect on reducing cognitive reaction time in older adults. It is recommended that older adults maintain a moderate level of leisure PA and work-related PA to delay the decline in cognitive reaction time.
Method comparison for Japanese encephalitis virus detection in samples collected from the Indo-Pacific region
Authors: Crispell Gary , Williams Kelly , Zielinski Eric , Iwami Akira , Homas Zachary , Thomas Karen 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionJapanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a mosquito-borne viral pathogen, which is becoming a growing public health concern throughout the Indo-Pacific. Five genotypes of JEV have been identified. Current vaccines are based on genotype III and provide a high degree of protection for four of the five known genotypes.MethodsRT-PCR, Magpix, Twist Biosciences Comprehensive Viral Research Panel (CVRP), and SISPA methods were used to detect JEV from mosquito samples collected in South Korea during 2021. These methods were compared to determine which method would be most effective for biosurveillance in the Indo-Pacific region.ResultsOur data showed that RT-PCR, Twist CVRP, and SISPA methods were all able to detect JEV genotype I, however, the proprietary Magpix panel was only able to detect JEV genotype III. Use of minION sequencing for pathogen detection in arthropod samples will require further method development.ConclusionBiosurveillance of vectorborne pathogens remains an area of concern throughout the Indo-Pacific. RT-PCR was the most cost effective method used in the study, but TWIST CVRP allows for the identification of over 3,100 viral genomes. Further research and comparisons will be conducted to ensure optimal methods are used for large scale biosurveillance.
Knowledge, attitudes and practices of government animal health workers on antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance in Timor-Leste
Authors: Ting Shawn , Pereira Abrao , Alves Amalia , Vong da Silva Paulo Gabriel , Dos Santos Cristibela , Davis Steven , Sidjabat Hanna E. , Yan Jennifer , Francis Joshua R. , Bendita da Costa Jong Joanita , Barnes Tamsin S. 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionAntibiotic resistance is a global health threat, and there is growing concern on the inappropriate use of antibiotics in the livestock sector especially in low and middle income countries. The purpose of the study was to understand the knowledge, attitudes and practices on antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance of government animal health workers in Timor-Leste.MethodA cross-sectional survey using a census approach was conducted between August 2021 and January 2022 focusing on government animal health workers involved in field work and access to antibiotics. Interviews were face-to-face in the local Tetun language. Descriptive and regression analysis informed by causal diagrams were performed.ResultThe study found poor knowledge of antibiotics among participants, with only 8.0% (13/162) able to correctly answer questions on how antibiotics worked. Knowledge of antibiotic resistance was poor as only 29.0% (47/162) of participants had heard of antibiotic resistance and were able to accurately identify that it made antibiotics less effective. Knowledge of antibiotics and knowledge of antibiotic resistance were crudely associated with being a veterinary technician and having university education. Attitude scores were positively influenced by knowledge of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance. Antibiotics were most commonly used in pigs, cattle and buffalo, with oxytetracycline being the most commonly used antibiotics in pigs and chicken. However, most participants reported a lack in supply of this antibiotic (137/162, 78.4%) and other antibiotics. Empiric use of antibiotics in sick animals was common, and some participants used antibiotics for parasitic diseases. Less than a fifth of participants reported ever using human antibiotics, and use of antibiotics for growth promotion was uncommon.ConclusionThere is a need to develop Timor-Leste specific treatment guidelines, strengthen veterinary diagnostic support, improve antibiotic procurement, and develop training programs to address knowledge gaps and poor practices found in this study.