bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zinc sulfate application to grass forages (oat, barley, annual ryegrass and triticale) for increasing their yield, quality and profitability
Authors: Sher Ahmad , Ul-Allah Sami , Sattar Abdul , Ijaz Muhammad , Qayyum Abdul , Manaf Abdul , Suleman Muhammad 
Published: March 2022

Livestock is a major component of agriculture, and a continuous supply of nutritious forage/fodder is necessary for sustainable livestock production. Zinc (Zn) deficiency is a global concern for human as well as animal health, but Zn fertilisation for productivity and biofortification of forages is not well understood. Therefore, a 2-year field study was conducted to investigate the influence of soil-applied ZnSO4 on morphological traits, yield, nutritional quality and Zn biofortification in four forages. The grass forages (oat, barley, annual ryegrass and triticale) were factorially combined with four levels of soil-applied ZnSO4 (0, 5, 10 and 15 kg ha−1) and two harvesting stages (booting and 50% heading). The treatments were arranged in a triplicate randomised complete block design with a split–split plot arrangement where grass forage species were kept in main plots, ZnSO4 application in subplots and harvest stage in subsub plots. ZnSO4 fertilisation significantly improved morphological traits, dry-matter yield, crude protein, acid detergent fibre (ADF) and shoot Zn concentration in all grass forages at both harvesting stages. Best performance for yield, quality traits, and Zn contents across all crops was observed where ZnSO4 was applied at 15 kg ha−1 and harvested at 50% heading stage. The highest economic returns were provided by triticale and annual ryegrass with 15 kg ZnSO4 ha−1 harvested at 50% heading. In conclusion, for a profitable forage production with good nutritional quality and Zn biofortification, triticale and annual ryegrass may be recommended with a 15 kg ZnSO4 ha−1 fertilisation.
Tongan honorifics and their underlying concepts ofmanaandtapu
Authors: Völkel Svenja 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe Tongan language has honorific registers, called a ‘language of respect’ (Churchward 1953). These are two limited sets of lexemes used to refer to people of chiefly and kingly rank and thus honour the societal stratification. Anthropological-linguistic research reveals that these honorifics are atapu-motivated linguistic practice. The Polynesian concept oftapu(source of the loanwordtaboo) means that entities with moremana(‘supernatural power’) such as persons of higher rank and their personal belongings are ‘sacred’, and it is ‘forbidden’ to get in physical touch with them. The respectful terminology (hou‘eikiandtu‘i) is restricted to suchtapuentities (signifiers), and its generic character shows that direct verbal contact with the commonkakaisignifier is avoided. Thus, the honorific registers function as a verbal taboo in its emic sense.
Investigation on the Genetic-Inconsistent Paternity Cases Using the MiSeq FGx System
Authors: Chen Anqi , Tao Ruiyang , Li Chengtao , Zhang Suhua 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMutations might challenge the paternity index calculation in forensic identification. While many studies have focussed on the autosomal short tandem repeats (A-STR), the mutation status of sex chromosomes and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) remain blank. Next generation sequencing (NGS), known as high throughput and large sequence polymorphism, is a promising tool for forensic genetics. To describe the mutation landscapes in the paternity cases with genetic inconsistencies, a total of 63 parentage confirmed paternity cases contained at least one mismatched locus have been collected. The mutations were subsequently evaluated using Verogen’s MPS ForenSeqTM DNA Signature Kit and a microsatellite instability (MSI) detection kit. The result showed 98.41% (62/63) of the cases had no additional autosomal mutations even when the number of A-STRs increased to 27. As for the sex chromosomes, about 11.11% (7/63) of the cases exhibited either X-STR or Y-STR mutations. D2S1338, FGA and Penta E were the most frequent altered STRs, which suggested they might be the mutation hotspots. In addition, a male with sex chromosome abnormality was observed accidently, whose genotype might be 47, XXY, rather than MSI. Nearly 56.90% of the STR loci possessed isoalleles, which might result in higher STR polymorphisms. No Mendelian incompatibility was detected among the SNP markers, which indicated that SNP was a more reliable genetic marker in the genetic-inconsistent paternity cases.
Validity and reliability study for the Turkish adaptation of the Parent Satisfaction Questionnaire with Neonatal Hearing Screening Programs
Authors: Cekic Sule , Arslan Meltem 
Published: March 2022

Purpose
To adapt the Parent Satisfaction Questionnaire with Neonatal Hearing Screening Programs (PSQ-NHSP) into the Turkish language and to measure the parents’ satisfaction with the NHSP in a public hospital in Turkey.

Materials and methods
One hundred ninety-three parents of newborns participated in this study. Parents completed Turkish translations of PSQ-NHSP after the hearing screening process. Parents’ satisfaction with the NHSP was measured in four dimensions: information about the NHSP, staff responsible for the hearing test, appointment schedule, and overall satisfaction.

Results
Overall, 75% of parents were satisfied with the NHSP. The corresponding satisfaction levels of parents in the specific dimensions were as follows: 68% for information, 75% for personnel responsible for the hearing test, 74% for the appointment schedule, and 78% reported overall satisfaction. The psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the PSQ-NHSP showed acceptable internal consistency reliability (a = 0.78).

Conclusions
The Turkish version of the PSQ-NHSP is valid and reliable in measuring parent satisfaction with the NHSP, and the parents were generally satisfied with the NHSP in Turkey.
The electric potential of an infinite conducting cylinder with an n-cusped hypocycloidal cross-section
Authors: Romero-Abad David , Suárez-Córdova Roberto 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Generally, during a course in electromagnetism, boundary conditions are used in conjunction with the Laplace equation to determine the electric potential of a system of objects in regions of space free of electric charges. However, for objects with unconventional geometries such as the hypocycloid, this is not an easy task. In the case where the problem can be reduced to two dimensions, there are simpler approximations such as complex-variable with conformal transformation. In this work, we use the last approach, to calculate analytically the electric potential of an infinite conducting cylinder with an n-cusped hypocycloidal cross-section and charge Q per unit length. In addition, we verify some of the results using numerical methods. The target readers of the paper are students pursuing physics at the introductory undergraduate level.
The basis set, scattering wavefunction and Schwinger variational principle: an application for low energy positron-atom scattering
Authors: Seidel Eliton Popovicz , Arretche Felipe 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The quality of the positron wavefunction produced by applying the Schwinger variational principle (SVP) is scrutinized. An optical potential formalism is applied considering a semiempirical polarization potential. The positron wavefunction is expanded into a basis set formed by hydrogen-like atom eigenfunctions. Two different forms for the ansatz are tested out. The model is applied to positron scattering and annihilation by hydrogen, and by argon atoms as examples. The results are compared to the ones obtained through the direct integration of the Schrödinger equation. We found that the positron wavefunction generated by the SVP is of good quality only if the basis functions are mainly located inside the potential range. We also found that to provide the best scattering amplitude possible, the SVP may produce intentional deviations all along the positron wavefunction to compensate for local basis set deficiencies. We proposed a criterion based on the Lippmann–Schwinger equation to evaluate the accuracy of the positron wavefunction.
Seebeck effect and Joule heating in CoFeB/MgO/CoFeB-based perpendicular magnetic tunnel junctions with low resistance area product
Authors: Lv Hua , Fidalgo Joao , Kampfe Thomas , Langer Juergen , Wrona Jerzy , Ocker Berthold , Freitas Paulo P , Cardoso Susana 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Perpendicular magnetic tunnel junctions (p-MTJs) have attracted great interest due to their excellent performance in spin-transfer-torque magnetic random access memories (STT-MRAMs). Here, the resistance states can be manipulated by an applied current in the order of 109–1010 A m−2, yet the appearance of a heating influence must be understood. In this work, we systematically study the Seebeck effect in nano scale p-MTJs induced due to Joule heating by the tunneling current. The CoFeB/MgO/CoFeB-based p-MTJs were nanofabricated and the current-induced switching was characterized. We find a sign change of the thermovoltage (ΔV) between AP (positive) and P (negative) states, indicating a significant dependence of the Seebeck effect on the magnetic state of the p-MTJ. The temperature distribution in the stack was simulated, by which the Seebeck coefficient (S) and the tunnel magneto-Seebeck ratio were calculated. Our further study indicates that the thermal STT can reduce the switching currents, showing the possibility to re-use this dissipative heating energy. To improve the efficiency of the energy re-use, a method is proposed through the materials optimization of the non-magnetic layers but still retaining high tunneling magnetoresistance effect. Our study shows that the magneto-Seebeck effect plays an important role in the p-MTJs, which can be crucial and must be considered in the design of the high performance p-STT-MRAMs and thermal-assisted MRAMs.
Ferroelectric composite artificially-structured functional material: multifield control for tunable functional devices
Authors: Wang Jun , Lou Jing , Wang Jia Fu , Qu Shao Bo , Du Hong Liang , Cui Tie Jun 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Artificially-structured functional materials (AFMs) are artificial media that combine the advantages of nature materials and artificial structures to produce excellent and unexpected properties. Ferroelectric materials have key features in possessing spontaneous polarizations, which can be switched by using electric field, temperature, and strain. This review article attempts to provide a comprehensive insight into the current development of ferroelectric composite AFMs, and to introduce a developing subject in realizing multifield controls for tunable functional devices. Some typical ferroelectric materials and their multifield tunable mechanisms are summarized in detail. The incorporation of ferroelectric materials can yield various designs of AFMs to modulate electromagnetic waves. Recent progress of typical designs with different tuning strategies for active AFMs are illustrated and compared, including the metamaterials, metasurfaces, heterojunctions, superlattices, and their hybrid designs. This scientific subject involves interesting research topics of electromagnetism, electronics, optoelectronics, and ferroelectrics, which is significant to bring novel functionalities via multifield controls.
Vortex dynamics simulation for pinning structure optimization in the applications of high-temperature superconductors
Authors: Rivasto E , Huhtinen H , Hynninen T , Paturi P 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We introduce a molecular dynamics based simulation model that enables the efficient optimization of complex pinning structures in unpresented wide magnetic field and angular ranges for high-temperature superconductor applications. The fully three-dimensional simulation allows the modeling of the critical current and the associated anisotropy in the presence of any kinds of defects despite their size and orientation. Most prominently, these include artificial defects such as nanorods along with intrinsic weak-links or ab-plane oriented stacking faults, for example. In this work, we present and analyze the most fundamental results of the simulation model and compare them indirectly with a wide range of previous experimental and computational observations. With the provided validation for the proposed simulation model, we consider it to be an extremely useful tool in particular for pushing the limits of ampacity in the coated conductor industry.
Effect of hole doping on the 120 degree order in the triangular lattice Hubbard model: a Hartree–Fock revisit
Authors: Qin Mingpu 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We revisit the unrestricted Hartree Fock study on the evolution of the ground state of the Hubbard model on the triangular lattice with hole doping. At half-filling, it is known that the ground state of the Hubbard model on triangular lattice develops a 120 degree coplanar order at half-filling in the strong interaction limit, i.e., in the spin 1/2 anti-ferromagnetic Heisenberg model on the triangular lattice. The ground state property in the doped case is still in controversy even though extensive studies were performed in the past. Within Hartree Fock theory, we find that the 120 degree order persists from zero doping to about 0.3 hole doping. At 1/3 hole doping, a three-sublattice collinear order emerges in which the doped hole is concentrated on one of the three sublattices with antiferromagnetic Neel order on the remaining two sublattices, which forms a honeycomb lattice. Between the 120 degree order and 1/3 doping region, a phase separation occurs in which the 120 degree order coexists with the collinear anti-ferromagnetic order in different regions of the system. The collinear phase extends from 1/3 doping to about 0.41 doping, beyond which the ground state is paramagnetic with uniform electron density. The phase diagram from Hartree Fock could provide guidance for the future study of the doped Hubbard model on triangular lattice with more sophisticated many-body approaches.
Radiation dose to nuclear medicine technologists when operating PET/MR compared with PET/CT
Authors: Soret Marine , Maisonobe Jacques-Antoine , Payen Stéphane , Gaubert Adèle , Brunel Sandrine , Bergeret Sébastien , Berenbaum Arnaud , Hubert Emilie , Kas Aurélie 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Since 2010, positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance (PET/MR) has been increasingly used as clinical routine in nuclear medicine departments. One advantage of PET/MR over PET/computed tomography (CT) is the lower dose of ionising radiation delivered to patients. However, data on the radiation dose delivered to staff operating PET/MR compared with the new generation of PET/CT equipment are still lacking. Our aim was to compare the radiation dose to nuclear medicine technologists performing routine PET/MR and PET/CT in the same department. We retrospectively measured the daily radiation dose received by PET technologists over 13 months by collecting individual dosimetry measurements (from electronic personal dosimeters). Data were analysed taking into account the total number of studies performed with each PET modality (PET/MR with Signa 3T, General Electric Healthcare versus PET/CT with Biograph mCT flow, Siemens), the type of exploration (brain versus whole-body PET), the 18F activity injected per day and per patient as well as the time spent in contact with patients after tracer injection. Our results show a significantly higher whole-body exposure to technologists for PET/MR compared with PET/CT (10.3 ± 3.5 nSv versus 4.7 ± 1.2 nSv per 18F injected MBq, respectively; p < 0.05). This difference was related to prolonged contact with injected patients during patient positioning with the PET/MR device and MR coil placement, especially in whole-body studies. For an equal injected activity, radiation exposure to PET technologists for PET/MR was twice that of PET/CT. To minimise the radiation dose to staff, efforts should be made to optimise patient positioning, even in departments with extensive PET/CT experience.
Development of a low-cost method for quantifying microplastics in soils and compost using near-infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Wander L , Lommel L , Meyer K , Braun U , Paul A 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is a promising candidate for low-cost, nondestructive, and high-throughput mass quantification of microplastics in environmental samples. Widespread application of the technique is currently hampered mainly by the low sensitivity of NIR spectroscopy compared to thermoanalytical approaches commonly used for this type of analysis. This study shows how the application of NIR spectroscopy for mass quantification of microplastics can be extended to smaller analyte levels by combining it with a simple and rapid microplastic enrichment protocol. For this purpose, the widely used flotation of microplastics in a NaCl solution, accelerated by centrifugation, was chosen which allowed to remove up to 99% of the matrix at recovery rates of 83%–104%. The spectroscopic measurements took place directly on the stainless-steel filters used to collect the extracted particles to reduce sample handling to a minimum. Partial least squares regression models were used to identify and quantify the extracted microplastics in the mass range of 1–10 mg. The simple and fast extraction procedure was systematically optimized to meet the requirements for the quantification of microplastics from common polyethylene-, polypropylene-, and polystyrene-based packaging materials with a particle size <1 mm found in compost or soils with high natural organic matter content (>10% determined by loss on ignition). Microplastics could be detected in model samples at a mass fraction of 1 mg g−1. The detectable microplastic mass fraction is about an order of magnitude lower compared to previous studies using NIR spectroscopy without additional enrichment. To emphasize the cost-effectiveness of the method, it was implemented using some of the cheapest and most compact NIR spectrometers available.
Natural ore molybdenite as a high-capacity and cheap anode material for advanced lithium-ion capacitors
Authors: Li Lingyao , Wang Huanwen , Liang Tian , Cao Jun-Ming , Yan Chunjie , Wu Xing-Long 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Hybrid lithium-ion capacitors (LICs) receive special interests because they work by combining the merits of high-capacity lithium-ion batteries and high-rate capacitors in a Li salt containing electrolyte, so as to bridge the gap between the two devices. One of main challenges for LICs is to develop inexpensive and superior anode materials at high rates. In this work, natural molybdenite was utilized as precursor to achieve the scalable production of cheap MoS2/carbon composites. This molybdenite-derived MoS2/carbon electrode can not only exhibit excellent Li+-storage performances including ultrahigh specific capacity (1427 mAh g–1 after 1000 cycles at 1 A g–1) and rate capability (554 mAh g–1 at 10 A g–1), but also possess four-times higher tap density than that of commercial graphite. By employing MoS2/carbon as the anode and activated carbon as the cathode, the as-assembled LIC device delivers both high energy//high power density and long cycle lifespan. Furthermore, the price is nearly 200 orders of magnitude lower than the traditional high-purity chemicals, which can be easily scaled up to achieve high-throughput production.
Enhanced current rectification in graphene nanoribbons: effects of geometries and orientations of nanopores
Authors: Majhi Joydeep , Maiti Santanu K , Ganguly Sudin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We discuss the possibility of getting rectification operation in graphene nanoribbon (GNR). For a system to be a rectifier, it must be physically asymmetric and we induce the asymmetry in GNR by introducing nanopores. The rectification properties are discussed for differently structured nanopores. We find that shape and orientation of the nanopores are critical and sensitive to the degree of current rectification. As the choice of Fermi energy is crucial for obtaining significant current rectification, explicit dependence of Fermi energy on the degree of current rectification is also studied for a particular shape of the nanopore. Finally, the role of nanopore size and different spatial distributions of the electrostatic potential profile across the GNR are explored. The stability of the nanopores is also discussed with a possible solution. Given the simplicity of the proposed method and promising results, the present proposition may lead to a new route of getting current rectification in different kinds of materials where nanopores can be formed selectively.
Brain tumor magnetic resonance image segmentation by a multiscale contextual attention module combined with a deep residual UNet (MCA-ResUNet)
Authors: Cao Tianyi , Wang Guanglei , Ren Lili , Li Yan , Wang Hongrui 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background and Objective. Automatic segmentation of MRI brain tumor area is a key step in the diagnosis and treatment of brain tumor. In recent years, the improved network based on UNet encoding and decoding structure has been widely used in brain tumor segmentation. However, due to continuous convolution and pooling operations, some spatial context information in existing networks will be discontinuous or even missing. It will affect the segmentation accuracy of the model. Therefore, the method proposed in this paper is to alleviate the lack of spatial context information and improve the accuracy of the model. Approach. This paper proposes a context attention module (multiscale contextual attention) to capture and filter out high-level features with spatial context information, which solves the problem of context information loss in feature extraction. The channel attention mechanism is introduced into the decoding structure to realize the fusion of high-level features and low-level features. The standard convolution block in the encoding and decoding structure is replaced by the pre-activated residual block to optimize the network training and improve the network performance. Results. This paper uses two public data sets (BraTs 2017 and BraTs 2019) to evaluate and verify the proposed method. Experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively alleviate the lack of spatial context information, and the segmentation performance is better than other existing methods. Significance. The method improves the segmentation performance of the model. It will assist doctors in making accurate diagnosis and provide reference basis for tumor resection. As a result, the proposed method will reduce the operation risk of patients and the postoperative recurrence rate.