bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bacillus subtilis biofilm matrix components target seed oil bodies to promote growth and anti-fungal resistance in melon
Authors: Berlanga-Clavero M. V. , Molina-Santiago C. , Caraballo-Rodríguez A. M. , Petras D. , Díaz-Martínez L. , Pérez-García A. , de Vicente A. , Carrión V. J. , Dorrestein P. C. , Romero D. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBeneficial microorganisms are used to stimulate the germination of seeds; however, their growth-promoting mechanisms remain largely unexplored.Bacillus subtilisis commonly found in association with different plant organs, providing protection against pathogens or stimulating plant growth. We report that application ofB. subtilisto melon seeds results in genetic and physiological responses in seeds that alter the metabolic and developmental status in 5-d and 1-month-old plants upon germination. We analysed mutants in different components of the extracellular matrix ofB. subtilisbiofilms in interaction with seeds and found cooperation in bacterial colonization of seed storage tissues and growth promotion. Combining confocal microscopy with fluorogenic probes, we found that two specific components of the extracellular matrix, amyloid protein TasA and fengycin, differentially increased the concentrations of reactive oxygen species inside seeds. Further, using electron and fluorescence microscopy and metabolomics, we showed that both TasA and fengycin targeted the oil bodies in the seed endosperm, resulting in specific changes in lipid metabolism and accumulation of glutathione-related molecules. In turn, this results in two different plant growth developmental programmes: TasA and fengycin stimulate the development of radicles, and fengycin alone stimulate the growth of adult plants and resistance in the phylloplane to the fungusBotrytis cinerea. Understanding mechanisms of bacterial growth promotion will enable the design of bespoke growth promotion strains.
Three-dimensional imaging of grain boundaries via quantitative fluorescence X-ray tomography analysis
Authors: Ge Mingyuan , Huang Xiaojing , Yan Hanfei , Gursoy Doga , Meng Yuqing , Zhang Jiayong , Ghose Sanjit , Chiu Wilson K. S. , Brinkman Kyle S. , Chu Yong S. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThree-dimensional visualization of material composition within multiple grains and across complex networks of grain boundaries at nanoscales can provide new insight into the structure evolution and emerging functional properties of the material for diverse applications. Here, using nanoscale scanning X-ray fluorescence tomography, coupled with an advanced self-absorption correction algorithm developed in this work, we analyze the three-dimensional gain distributions and compositions in a Ce0.8Gd0.2O2-δ-CoFe2O4 mixed ionic-electronic conductor system with high accuracy and statistical significance. Our systematic investigation reveals an additional emergent phase and uncovers highly intriguing composition stability ranges for the multiple material phases within this system. The presented visualization of composition variations across complex interfaces, supported by our quantitative composition analysis, discloses mechanistic pathways of the diverse phase transformations occurring in the material synthesis, providing insights for the optimization of transport properties in the mixed ionic-electronic conductor system.
Sambucus nigra flower and berry extracts for food and therapeutic applications: effect of gastrointestinal digestion on in vitro and in vivo bioactivity and toxicity
Authors: Ferreira-Santos Pedro , Nogueira António , Rocha Cristina M. R. , Wilson Cristina Pereira , Teixeira José A. , Botelho Cláudia 
Published: June 2022

The digestion of S. nigra extracts influences the stability of its phenolic compounds, although they are able to exert their bioactivity. Non-digested and digested extracts have low toxicity and differentiated activity in normal and cancerous cells.
Three Column Fixation Through a Single Incision in Distal Radius Fractures
Authors: Kotsalis Giannis , Kotsarinis Georgios , Ladogianni Maria , Fandridis Emmanouil 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical and functional results of 67 patients with distal radius fracture (DRF), treated with a modified surgical technique that allows three-column fixation through the same palmar approach.
Patients and Methods Between 2014 and 2019, we treated 67 patients using a particular surgical technique. All patients suffered DRF, classified using the universal classification system. Two different intervals were developed palmary: the first ulnarly to the flexor carpi radialis tendon for direct visualization of the distal radius and the second one radially to the radial artery for direct visualization of the styloid process. An anatomic volar locking compression plate was applied to all patients. The radial styloid process was fixed and stabilized either with Kirschner-wires or an anatomic plate through the same incision. Functional results were evaluated based on the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand and Mayo wrist scores. Range of motion and grip strength of the injured wrist were statistically compared with the opposite side.
Results The mean follow-up was 47 months (13–84). All fractures were united, and all patients recovered to the preinjury level of activity. The mean flexion–extension range was 73.8° to 55.2° and the supination–pronation range 82.8° to 67°. No infection or nonunion occurred. No major complications were reported.
Conclusion Open reduction and internal fixation, under specific indications, is the best treatment option in DRF. The described technique provides excellent visualization to the distal radius surfaces and allows the internal fixation of the radial columns through the same skin incision. Therefore, it can constitute an efficient choice in the treatment armamentarium of DRF.
Scapholunate Ligament Reconstruction without Immobilization Is Safe and Leads to Better Functional Results
Authors: Kemler Marius A. , Bootsman Josette J. , van den Berg Johan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background Reconstruction of the scapholunate ligament (SL) is associated with a reduction in range of motion. In this study, we compared SL reconstruction and early mobilization with SL reconstruction and Kirschner wires (K-wire) fixation for 6 weeks.
Methods We performed a nonrandomized trial involving patients with an arthroscopically confirmed SL ligament injury. In total, 11 patients were assigned to SL reconstruction with internal brace augmentation and early mobilization and 10 were assigned to standard SL reconstruction and K-wire fixation for 6 weeks before mobilization started. We assessed the range of motion, grip strength, functional status, intensity of pain, global perceived effect, and duration until return to work.
Results In both groups, there was one traumatic breakout of the reconstructed ligament and two patients in the control group were lost to follow-up. The 10 patients in the internal brace group had a mean increase in wrist flexion of 1.8 degrees at 1 year compared with a decrease in wrist flexion of 13.4 degrees in the seven patients of the control group. Wrist extension increased by 4.5 degrees in the internal brace group and decreased by 4.5 degrees in the control group. In addition, the internal brace group scored 6.1 (much improved) for the global perceived effect and the control group 4.7 (slightly improved), and treatment without immobilization resulted in an earlier return to work (35.1 vs. 73.6 days).
Conclusions In SL reconstruction, internal brace augmentation and early mobilization result in improved wrist flexion and extension, higher satisfaction, and earlier return to work.
Human-induced ecological cascades: Extinction, restoration, and rewilding in the Galápagos highlands
Authors: Bush Mark B. , Conrad Shelby , Restrepo Alejandra , Thompson Diane M. , Lofverstrom Marcus , Conroy Jessica L. 
Published: June 2022

SignificanceThe Galápagos Islands are an iconic evolutionary and ecological setting, recognized to be both species-poor and ecologically sensitive. Here, we show an indirect ecological cascade initiated by whalers harvesting tortoises near the coast in the 1790s, which had lasting impacts on the highland interior of San Cristóbal Island. Our data also reveal how the replacement of endemic herbivores with exotic herbivores, namely, cattle, impacted the local vegetation. We advocate for the restoration of preimpact shrub species and tortoises to promote habitat rewilding, restoration, and especially the socioeconomic value of these highland ecosystems in providing tourist experiences.
Advances in the design and manufacturing of novel freeform optics
Authors: Kumar Sumit , Tong Zhen , Jiang Xiangqian 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Freeform optics has become the most prominent element of the optics industry. Advanced freeform optical designs supplementary to ultra-precision manufacturing and metrology techniques have upgraded the lifestyle, thinking, and observing power of existing humans. Imaginations related to space explorations, portability, accessibility have also witnessed sensible in today’s time with freeform optics. Present-day design methods and fabrications techniques applicable in the development of freeform optics and the market requirements are focussed and explained with the help of traditional and non-traditional optical applications. Over the years, significant research is performed in the emerging field of freeform optics, but no standards are established yet in terms of tolerances and definitions. We critically review the optical design methods for freeform optics considering the image forming and non-image forming applications. Numerous subtractive manufacturing technologies including figure correction methods and metrology have been developed to fabricate extreme modern freeform optics to satisfy the demands of various applications such as space, astronomy, earth science, defence, biomedical, material processing, surveillance, and many more. We described a variety of advanced technologies in manufacturing and metrology for novel freeform optics. Next, we also covered the manufacturing-oriented design scheme for advanced optics. We conclude this review with an outlook on the future of freeform optics design, manufacturing and metrology.
Young adults who improve performance during dual-task walking show more flexible reallocation of cognitive resources: a mobile brain-body imaging (MoBI) study
Authors: Patelaki Eleni , Foxe John J , Mazurek Kevin A , Freedman Edward G 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionIn young adults, pairing a cognitive task with walking can have different effects on gait and cognitive task performance. In some cases, performance clearly declines whereas in others compensatory mechanisms maintain performance. This study investigates the preliminary finding of behavioral improvement in Go/NoGo response inhibition task performance during walking compared with sitting, which was observed at the piloting stage.Materials and MethodsMobile brain/body imaging (MoBI) was used to record electroencephalographic (EEG) activity, 3-dimensional (3D) gait kinematics and behavioral responses in the cognitive task, during sitting or walking on a treadmill.ResultsIn a cohort of 26 young adults, 14 participants improved in measures of cognitive task performance while walking compared with sitting. These participants exhibited walking-related EEG amplitude reductions over frontal scalp regions during key stages of inhibitory control (conflict monitoring, control implementation, and pre-motor stages), accompanied by reduced stride-to-stride variability and faster responses to stimuli compared with those who did not improve. In contrast, 12 participants who did not improve exhibited no EEG amplitude differences across physical condition.DiscussionThe neural activity changes associated with performance improvement during dual tasking hold promise as cognitive flexibility markers that can potentially help assess cognitive decline in aging and neurodegeneration.
Flank pain has a significant adverse impact on quality of life in ADPKD: the CYSTic-QoL study
Authors: Winterbottom Jean , Simms Roslyn J , Caroli Anna , Gall Emilie Cornec-Le , Demoulin Nathalie , Furlano Monica , Meijer Esther , Devuyst Olivier , Gansevoort Ron T , Le-Meur Yannick , Perico Norberto , Torra Roser , Ong Albert C M 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundAutosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common inherited kidney disorder and a major cause of kidney failure worldwide. However, its impact on quality-of-life has not been systematically explored.MethodsThe CYSTic-QoL study was an observational study designed to study quality-of-life in adult European ADPKD patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥30 mL/min/1.73 m2. A total of 465 patients were recruited from six expert European centres with baseline data recorded, including health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL), incorporating a Kidney Disease QoL short form questionnaire (KDQoL-SF, version 1.3), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for total kidney volume (TKV) measurements and DNA for genotyping. The cohort was stratified by baseline eGFR, TKV or genotype and correlated with HRQoL scores. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were applied to examine the relationship between HRQoL and variables of interest. KDQoL-SF scores were calculated using an online tool provided by the RAND organization. For 36-item short form values, mean centre scores were normalized to their native populations.ResultsThe mean age of participants was 43 years and 55% were female, with a mean eGFR of 77 mL/min/1.73 m2 and height-adjusted TKV (ht-TKV) of 849 mL/min; 66% had PKD1 pathogenic variants. ADPKD patients uniformly reported decreased general health and less energy, with the majority also experiencing poorer physical, mental or emotional health and limitations in social functioning. A total of 32.5% of participants experienced flank pain, which was significantly and negatively correlated with the majority of KDQoL-SF subscales by multivariate analysis. Higher ht-TKV and lower eGFR were negatively associated with decreased energy and poorer physical health, respectively, although not with flank pain.ConclusionADPKD patients suffer from significantly decreased QoL in multiple domains, exacerbated particularly by chronic pain.
Approach to optimal assessment of right ventricular remodelling in heart transplant recipients: insights from myocardial work index, T1 mapping, and endomyocardial biopsy
Authors: Sade Leyla Elif , Colak Ayse , Duzgun Selin Ardali , Hazırolan Tuncay , Sezgin Atilla , Donal Erwan , Butcher Steele C , Özdemir Handan , Pirat Bahar , Eroglu Serpil , Muderrisoglu Haldun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimsRight ventricular (RV) dysfunction is an important cause of graft failure after heart transplantation (HTx). We sought to investigate relative merits of echocardiographic tools and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) with T1 mapping for the assessment of functional adaptation and remodelling of the RV in HTx recipients.Methods and resultsSixty-one complete data set of echocardiography, CMR, right heart catheterization, and biopsy were obtained. Myocardial work index (MWI) was quantified by integrating longitudinal strain (LS) with invasively measured pulmonary artery pressure. CMR derived RV volumes, T1 time, and extracellular volume (ECV) were quantified. Endomyocardial biopsy findings were used as the reference standard for myocardial microstructural changes. In HTx recipients who never had a previous allograft rejection, longitudinal function parameters were lower than healthy organ donors, while ejection fraction (EF) (52.0 ± 8.7%) and MWI (403.2 ± 77.2 mmHg%) were preserved. Rejection was characterized by significantly reduced LS, MWI, longer T1 time, and increased ECV that improved after recovery, whereas RV volumes and EF did not change MWI was the strongest determinant of rejection related myocardial damage (area under curve: 0.812, P &lt; 0.0001, 95% CI: 0.69–0.94) with good specificity (77%), albeit modest sensitivity. In contrast, T1 time and ECV were sensitive (84%, both) but not specific to detect subclinical RV damage.ConclusionSubclinical adaptive RV remodelling is characterized by preserved RV EF despite longitudinal function abnormalities, except for MWI. While ultrastructural damage is reflected by MWI, ECV, and T1 time, only MWI has the capability to discriminate functional adaptation from transition to subclinical structural damage.
Vaping tetrahydrocannabinol unmasks Brugada pattern and induces ventricular fibrillation in Brugada syndrome: a case report
Authors: Seri Amith , Rattanawong Pattara , Firouzbakht Tina , Sorajja Dan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
Fever, alcohol, and sodium channel blockers can unmask Brugada pattern and may also induce arrhythmias in Brugada syndrome. We report a case of unmasked Type-1 Brugada pattern presenting with ventricular fibrillation that was induced by a tetrahydrocannabinol vaping.

Case summary
A 48-year-old male with a past medical history of hypertension treated with hydrochlorothiazide and back pain controlled with tetrahydrocannabinol vaping presented with sudden cardiac arrest from ventricular fibrillation, which was terminated with defibrillation. Electrocardiogram after resuscitation showed a new Type-1 Brugada pattern compared to a previous normal baseline electrocardiogram. Echocardiography and coronary angiogram were unremarkable. Complete blood count and chemistries were unremarkable except for mild hypokalaemia (K = 3.3 mmol/L). After correction of the hypokalaemia, the Type-1 Brugada pattern persisted. Urine drug screen was positive for tetrahydrocannabinol (60 ng/mL). Genetic testing was negative for inherited arrhythmic disease and cardiomyopathy gene panels.

Discussion
The patient’s type-1 Brugada pattern and ventricular fibrillation were likely induced by vaping tetrahydrocannabinol. He underwent secondary prevention with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator. He abstains from cannabis and Type-1 Brugada pattern is normalized. There was no arrhythmic event at his 18-month follow-up appointment with abstinence from tetrahydrocannabinol.
Combined read- and assembly-based metagenomics to reconstruct aDehalococcoides mccartyigenome from PCB-contaminated sediments and evaluate functional differences among organohalide-respiring consortia in the presence of different halogenated contaminants
Authors: Ewald Jessica M , Schnoor Jerald L , Mattes Timothy E 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMicrobial communities that support respiration of halogenated organic contaminants by Dehalococcoides sp. facilitate full-scale bioremediation of chlorinated ethenes and demonstrate the potential to aid in bioremediation of halogenated aromatics like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). However, it remains unclear if Dehalococcoides-containing microbial community dynamics observed in sediment-free systems quantitatively resemble that of sediment environments. To evaluate that possibility we assembled, annotated, and analyzed a Dehalococcoides sp. metagenome-assembled genome (MAG) from PCB-contaminated sediments. Phylogenetic analysis of reductive dehalogenase gene (rdhA) sequences within the MAG revealed that pcbA1 and pcbA4/5-like rdhA were absent, while several candidate PCB dehalogenase genes and potentially novel rdhA sequences were identified. Using a compositional comparative metagenomics approach, we quantified Dehalococcoides-containing microbial community structure shifts in response to halogenated organics and the presence of sediments. Functional level analysis revealed significantly greater abundances of genes associated with cobamide remodeling and horizontal gene transfer in tetrachloroethene-fed cultures as compared to halogenated aromatic-exposed consortia with or without sediments, despite little evidence of statistically significant differences in microbial community taxonomic structure. Our findings support the use of a generalizable comparative metagenomics workflow to evaluate Dehalococcoides-containing consortia in sediments and sediment-free environments to eludicate functions and microbial interactions that facilitate bioremediation of halogenated organic contaminants.
Turtle ants harbor metabolically versatile microbiomes with conserved functions across development and phylogeny
Authors: Béchade Benoît , Hu Yi , Sanders Jon G , Cabuslay Christian S , Łukasik Piotr , Williams Bethany R , Fiers Valerie J , Lu Richard , Wertz John T , Russell Jacob A 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGut bacterial symbionts can support animal nutrition by facilitating digestion and providing valuable metabolites. However, changes in symbiotic roles between immature and adult stages are not well documented, especially in ants. Here, we explored the metabolic capabilities of microbiomes sampled from herbivorous turtle ant (Cephalotes sp.) larvae and adult workers through (meta)genomic screening and in vitro metabolic assays. We reveal that larval guts harbor bacterial symbionts with impressive metabolic capabilities, including catabolism of plant and fungal recalcitrant dietary fibers and energy-generating fermentation. Additionally, several members of the specialized adult gut microbiome, sampled downstream of an anatomical barrier that dams large food particles, show a conserved potential to depolymerize many dietary fibers. Symbionts from both life stages have the genomic capacity to recycle nitrogen and synthesize amino acids and B-vitamins. With help of their gut symbionts, including several bacteria likely acquired from the environment, turtle ant larvae may aid colony digestion and contribute to colony-wide nitrogen, B-vitamin and energy budgets. In addition, the conserved nature of the digestive capacities among adult-associated symbionts suggests that nutritional ecology of turtle ant colonies has long been shaped by specialized, behaviorally-transferred gut bacteria with over 45 million years of residency.
Chromosome-scale assembly with a phased sex-determining region resolves features of early Z and W chromosome differentiation in a wild octoploid strawberry
Authors: Cauret Caroline M S , Mortimer Sebastian M E , Roberti Marcelina C , Ashman Tia-Lynn , Liston Aaron 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
When sex chromosomes stop recombining, they start to accumulate differences. The sex-limited chromosome (Y or W) especially is expected to degenerate via the loss of nucleotide sequence and the accumulation of repetitive sequences. However, how early signs of degeneration can be detected in a new sex chromosome is still unclear. The sex-determining region of the octoploid strawberries is young, small, and dynamic. Using PacBio HiFi reads, we obtained a chromosome-scale assembly of a female (ZW) Fragaria chiloensis plant carrying the youngest and largest of the known sex-determining region on the W in strawberries. We fully characterized the previously incomplete sex-determining region, confirming its gene content, genomic location, and evolutionary history. Resolution of gaps in the previous characterization of the sex-determining region added 10 kb of sequence including a noncanonical long terminal repeat-retrotransposon; whereas the Z sequence revealed a Harbinger transposable element adjoining the sex-determining region insertion site. Limited genetic differentiation of the sex chromosomes coupled with structural variation may indicate an early stage of W degeneration. The sex chromosomes have a similar percentage of repeats but differ in their repeat distribution. Differences in the pattern of repeats (transposable element polymorphism) apparently precede sex chromosome differentiation, thus potentially contributing to recombination cessation as opposed to being a consequence of it.