bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of transparent eye shields for total skin electron beam radiotherapy
Authors: Lucido J. John , Veres Andrew J. , Kehret Shawn M. , Angeli John A. , Highet Robert D. , Foote Robert L. , Lester Scott C. , Deufel Chris L. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPurposeFor total skin electron (TSE) beam radiation therapy, the anterior eye and conjunctiva can be protected with eye shields to prevent keratitis, xerophthalmia, and cataractogenesis. Conventional metal eye shields can reduce patient balance by obscuring vision and thus increasing the risk for falls. We report on the design, fabrication, and clinical use of transparent acrylic eye shields for TSE.MethodsThe primary design goals were a seven‐fold reduction in the dose to the anterior eye and conjunctiva to meet published dose‐recommendations, preservation of vision for the wearer, and biocompatibility for external use. Resembling thick swim goggles, the design features 23 mm thick acrylic lenses that are mounted in a 3‐D printed support structure that conforms to the eye socket and can be worn with a strap. Dose measurements were performed in a simulated Stanford‐technique treatment with an anthropomorphic phantom using Gafchromic EBT filmResultsThe transparent eye shields were manufactured using a 3D‐printer and CNC‐machine. Based on measurements from the simulated treatments for each of the eye shields, the eye shields provided a 12‐fold reduction in dose to the lens. After use in more than 200 fractions, the shields were well tolerated by patients, and there were no reports of any incidents or adverse events.ConclusionTransparent TSE eye shields are able to reduce the dose to the eyes while maintaining vision during treatment at a reasonable cost.
HClO‐Activated Near‐Infrared Fluorogenic Aza‐BODIPY‐Bisferrocene Triad with High Turn‐on Ratio for In Vivo Biosensing
Authors: Yin Dongrui , Yao Chenzhi , Chen Ying , He Zuyang , Yu Peng , Sun Xingwen , Wang Shangfeng , Zhang Fan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOptically monitoring hypochlorous acid (HClO) in living body favors diagnosis and study of inflammatory diseases. However, this has been hampered by limited strategies to develop highly fluorogenic tools in the deep‐penetration near‐infrared spectrum. Herein, a near‐infrared aza‐BODIPY‐bisferrocene triad Fc2‐CBDP that unexpectedly achieves an exceptionally sensitive and selective fluorescence turn‐on (>220‐fold) response toward HClO through single‐ferrocene oxidation and boron‐alkynyl hydrolysis cascade is reported. Mechanism insight shows that Fc2‐CBDP features “enhanced charge transfer”‐caused quenching due to intramolecular bisferrocene electronic coupling, which is decoupled in the reaction with HClO. The utility of Fc2‐CBDP for intracellular HClO imaging is evaluated and, more importantly, in vivo high‐contrast deep‐tissue imaging of lymphatic inflammation and colitis is realized. This work provides new insights into both HClO and ferrocene chemistry, and extends the reach of fluorogenic strategies in the near‐infrared biosensing.
Unity of Opposites between Soluble and Insoluble Lithium Polysulfides in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Wang Zhenkang , Li Ya , Ji Haoqing , Zhou Jinqiu , Qian Tao , Yan Chenglin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRechargeable batteries based on Li–S chemistry show promise as being possible for next‐generation energy storage devices because of their ultrahigh capacities and energy densities. Research over the past decade has demonstrated that the morphology of lithium polysulfides (LPSs) in electrolytes (soluble or insoluble) plays a decisive role in battery performance. Early studies have focused mainly on inhibiting the dissolution of LPSs and invested considerable effort to realize this objective. However, in recent years, a completely different view that the dissolution of LPSs during battery discharge/charge should be promoted has emerged. At this critical juncture in the large‐scale application of Li–S batteries, it is time to summarize and discuss both sides of the contradiction. Herein, an overview of these two opposite views pertaining to soluble and insoluble LPSs, including their historical environment, classical strategies, advantages, and disadvantages. Finally, the future morphology of LPSs in Li–S batteries is predicted based on a multiangle review of research studies conducted thus far, and the reasoning behind this conjecture is thoroughly discussed.
Experimental Realization of Atomic Monolayer Si9C15
Authors: Gao Zhao‐Yan , Xu Wenpeng , Gao Yixuan , Guzman Roger , Guo Hui , Wang Xueyan , Zheng Qi , Zhu Zhili , Zhang Yu‐Yang , Lin Xiao , Huan Qing , Li Geng , Zhang Lizhi , Zhou Wu , Gao Hong‐Jun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMonolayer SixCy constitutes an important family of 2D materials that is predicted to feature a honeycomb structure and appreciable bandgaps. However, due to its binary chemical nature and the lack of bulk polymorphs with a layered structure, the fabrication of such materials has so far been challenging. Here, the synthesis of atomic monolayer Si9C15 on Ru (0001) and Rh(111) substrates is reported. A combination of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), and density functional theory (DFT) calculations is used to infer that the 2D lattice of Si9C15 is a buckled honeycomb structure. Monolayer Si9C15 shows semiconducting behavior with a bandgap of ≈1.9 eV. Remarkably, the Si9C15 lattice remains intact after exposure to ambient conditions, indicating good air stability. The present work expands the 2D‐materials library and provides a promising platform for future studies in nanoelectronics and nanophotonics.
Tuning Proapoptotic Activity of a Phosphoric‐Acid‐Tethered Tetraphenylethene by Visible‐Light‐Triggered Isomerization and Switchable Protein Interactions for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Huang Yanyan , Zhan Chi , Yang Yang , Wang Lingna , Zhong Huifei , Yu Yang , Zhang Xi‐Sha , Li Cheng , Jin Yulong , Zhang Guanxin , Zhao Rui , Zhang Deqing 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe herein report a phosphoric‐acid‐substituted tetraphenylethene (T‐P) capable of adapting its geometric configuration and biological activity to the microenvironment upon light irradiation for apoptosis modulation. Different from most ultraviolet‐responsive isomerization, T‐P undergoes cis‐trans isomerization under visible light irradiation, which is biocompatible and thus photo‐modulation is possible in living biosystems. By using alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and albumin as dual targets, T‐P isomers display different protein binding selectivity, cancer‐cell internalization efficiency and apoptosis‐inducing ability. The proapoptotic activity was found to be kinetically controlled by the enzymatic reaction with ALP and regulated by co‐existing albumin. Motivated by these findings, two‐way modulation of proapoptotic effect and on‐demand boosting anticancer efficacy were realized in vitro and in vivo using light and endogenous proteins as multiple non‐invasive switching stimuli.
Studies on electrolytic and doping behavior of different compounds and their combination on the electrical resistance of polypyrrole film via electrochemical polymerization
Authors: Shukla Ankur , Sen Kushal , Das Dipayan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractElectrochemical polymerization of pyrrole requires a supporting compound for higher polymer yield. Such compounds have been designated as electrolyte or as dopant. This article examines the roles of such compounds when used individually or in combination for the synthesis of polypyrrole films and polypyrrole coated polyester fabric via in situ electrochemical polymerization. With a view to obtain higher polymer deposition, the effect of 0.15 mM concentration of sodium nitrate, sodium anthraquinone‐2‐sulfonate, p‐toluenesulfonic acid and oxalic acid on the system current and the surface resistance was examined by means of chronoamperometry technique. FTIR and WAXD spectra were used to establish the formation of polypyrrole and doping of different compounds. SEM analysis confirmed deposition of polypyrrole onto the fabric. The charge utilization factor helped in identifying a good dopant. Sulfonic acid‐based salt AQSA‐Na was found to be useful as a dopant as well as an electrolyte. A combination of 0.075 mM sodium nitrate as an electrolyte and 0.075 mM pTSA as a dopant resulted in least surface resistance of polypyrrole film and polypyrrole coated polyester fabric which was almost 88% lower than the polypyrrole coated polyester fabric prepared using the surface resistance of polypyrrole coated polyester fabric via pyrrole vapor polymerization.
Flow injection chemiluminescence determination of ethion and computational investigation of the adsorption process on molecularly imprinted polymerized high internal phase emulsion
Authors: Ahmadi Maryam , Mokhtari Ali , Bahlakeh Ghasem , Karimian Hossein 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe lack of sufficient selectivity is the main limitation of chemiluminescence (CL) methods; because the CL reagent is not restricted to a specific analyte. This study investigated the preconcentration and determination of ethion using a flow injection CL (FIA‐CL) method using a molecularly imprinted poly high internal phase emulsion (MIP‐polyHIPE) adsorbent. Preliminary studies showed that ethion could be determined with high sensitivity in the Ru(bipy)32+–acidic Ce(IV) CL system. A MIP‐polyHIPE adsorbent was synthesized and used for preconcentration to increase the selectivity and sensitivity of the method. The adsorption of ethion on the adsorbent was investigated using density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics (MD), UV–vis and FTIR spectrophotometry and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS–MS). Response surface methodology (RSM) and central composite design (CCD) were used to find optimized concentrations of variables. The linear dynamic range (LDR) and limit of detection (LOD) for ethion in the FIA‐CL method were calculated 1.0 ⨯ 10−9 to 2.0 ⨯ 10−7 and 6.0 ⨯ 10−10 mol L−1, respectively. The percentage of relative standard deviation for five repetitive measurements of 5.0 ⨯ 10−8 mol L−1 ethion was 4.2%. The proposed method was successfully used to separate and preconcentrate ethion from drinking and surface water sources.
Protein‐binding characteristics of yohimbine, a natural indole alkaloid‐based drug for erectile dysfunction
Authors: Rupreo Vibeizonuo , Luikham Soching , Bhattacharyya Jhimli 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEven today, talking about sexual dysfunction largely remains a taboo. Therefore less studies have been recorded and fewer remedies given. Erectile dysfunction (ED) is one of the most commonly treated psychological disorders that leads to major distress, interpersonal limitation and reduces the quality of life and marriage. This study aimed to assess a plant‐derived molecule, yohimbine (Yoh; a β‐carboline indole alkaloid often used for ED treatment) and its potential binding phenomenon with haemoglobin (Hb). Successful binding of Yoh with Hb is evident from spectroscopic and molecular‐docking results. Yoh quenched the fluorescence of Hb efficiently through a static mode. The binding affinity was in the order of 105 M−1with 1:1 stoichiometry. Thermodynamic analyses concluded that the protein–ligand association was spontaneous and was attributed to entropy‐driven exothermic binding. Nonpolyelectrolytic factor was the core, dominating factor. Structural aspects were deciphered through infrared spectroscopy and computational methods. The giant 3D‐protein moiety was significantly perturbed through drug binding. Hydrophobic forces and hydrogen bonding participation were stipulated by molecular modelling data. This study reveals the detailed interaction pattern and molecular mechanism of Hb–Yoh binding, correlating the structure–function relationship for the first time, and therefore holds enormous importance from the standpoint of rational and efficient drug design and development.
Elucidation on inhibition and binding mechanism of bovine liver catalase by nifedipine: multispectroscopic analysis and computer simulation methods
Authors: Zhou Like , Zhou Hui , Xiao Huilong , Zhang Zihang , Xiong Ziyun , Tuo Xun , Guo Hui 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNifedipine (NDP), a dihydropyridine calcium antagonist, is widely used for the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris. Catalase is a key antioxidant enzyme that is closely relevant to the level of reactive oxygen specie in vivo. Here, the research explored the effects of NDP on the conformation and catalytic function of bovine liver catalase (BLC) through enzymatic reaction kinetic techniques, multispectroscopic analysis, and computer simulation methods. Kinetic studies clarified that the NDP reduced the activity of BLC using a noncompetitive inhibition mechanism. Based on trial data, a static quenching mechanism functioned in quenching the intrinsic fluorescence of BLC. The binding constant value was (4.486 ± 0.008) × 104 M−1 (298 K) and BLC had one binding site for NDP. Tyr was prone to be exposed more to a hydrophilic environment in wake of a shift in fluorescence value. The binding reaction of BLC to NDP caused a conformational change in BLC, which in turn led to increase in the α‐helix content and a decline in the β‐sheet content. Furthermore, several amino acids residues interacted with NDP by means of van der Waals forces, whereas Gln397, Asn368, Gln371, Asn384, and Pro377 formed several hydrogen bonds with NDP.
Investigating evolutionary relationships through cluster analysis: A teaching science with big data workshop session
Authors: Novak Walter R.P. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBiochemistry is a data‐heavy discipline, yet teaching students to work with large datasets is absent from many undergraduate Biochemistry programs. Ensuring that future generations of students arevbv confident in tackling problems using big data first requires that educators become comfortable teaching big data skills. The activity described herein introduces educators to working with big data and a framework for generating sequence similarity networks using JupyterLab and Python. This article reports a session from the virtual international 2021 IUBMB/ASBMB workshop, “Teaching Science with Big Data.”
Relationship between intracellular protein denaturation and irreversible inactivation of Saccharomyces pastorianus by low‐pressure carbon dioxide microbubbles
Authors: Kobayashi Fumiyuki , Nemoto Kaho , Narai‐Kanayama Asako , Katayama Kinya , Odake Sachiko 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTo clarify the relationship between irreversible inactivation and intracellular protein denaturation of Saccharomyces pastorianus by low‐pressure carbon dioxide microbubbles (CO2MB) treatment, a storage test of S. pastorianus cells treated with CO2MB was performed, and the effect on the intracellular protein was investigated. In the storage test, the S. pastorianus population, which decreased below the detection limit by CO2MB treatment at a temperature of 45 and 50°C (MB45 and MB50), and thermal treatment at a temperature of 80°C (T80), remained undetectable during storage for 3 weeks at 25°C. However, 4.1 and 1.3‐logs of the S. pastorianus populations, which survived after CO2MB treatment at temperatures of 35 and 40°C (MB35 and MB40), increased gradually during storage for 3 weeks at 25°C. Insolubilization of intracellular proteins in S. pastorianus increased with increasing the temperature of CO2MB treatment. Activity of glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) identified as one of the insolubilized proteins increased at MB35 and MB40 than non‐treatment but disappeared at MB45 and MB50, and T80. Therefore, it was revealed that S. pastorianus cells inactivated below the detection level by CO2MB treatment did not regrow and that the denaturation of intracellular proteins of S. pastorianus was caused by CO2MB and thermal treatments. Furthermore, it was suggested that denaturation of intracellular vital enzymes was an important factor for achieving irreversible inactivation of S. pastorianus by CO2MB and thermal treatments.
Femoral artery ligature for treatment of infected groin pseudoaneurysm in injected drug abusers
Authors: Tresson Philippe , Huvelle Ugo , Bordet Marine 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDrug addiction is a major social and medical concern. Infected groin pseudoaneurysm (IGP) is the result of direct arterial needlestick injury associated with contamination of the arterial wall or peri‐arterial area by the injection equipment. Femoral artery (FA) ligation with extensive debridement is an alternative to direct revascularization in an area of sepsis. In case of femoral bifurcation free of infection or in case of isolated FA below the femoral artery of thigh involvement, a simple ligation of the FA is performed. Ligation of each femoral vessel is indicated in case of extension of the infection to the femoral bifurcation. Proximal ligation is performed on the proximal part of the FA. Distal ligation is performed on the proximal part of the deep artery of thigh and the FA below the origin of the deep artery of thigh. Ligation is effective and represents an appropriate method to control hemorrhage and sepsis syndrome in IGP.
CoCl2‐simulated hypoxia potentiates the osteogenic differentiation of fibroblasts derived from tympanosclerosis by upregulating the expression of BMP‐2
Authors: Zhang Chen , Liu Yang‐Wenyi , Chen Min , Min Shiyao , Mao Jiabao , Li Qin , Chi Zhangcai 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTympanosclerosis (TS) is a result of long‐standing middle ear inflammation characterized by fibroblasts ossification. Fibrosis is the last revertible stage in the progress of middle ear inflammation to TS. It was hypothesized that chronic hypoxia could be modulating fibrosis, which in turn additionally further aggravated hypoxia via decreasing oxygen diffusion. However, the effects of hypoxia on osteoinductive activity of fibroblasts have not been explored. Herein, we purposed to explore the role of hypoxia in osteogenic differentiation of fibroblasts derived from TS. The expression of bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP‐2), hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α), and Vimentin in the human surgical specimens of tympansclerosis was investigated by immunofluorescent staining. Furthermore, cultured fibroblasts were stratified into the following study groups: control, 25, 50, and 100 μM cobaltous chloride (CoCl2) group. BMP‐2, as well as HIF‐1α levels of expression were detected via western blotting and immunofluorescence analysis. We found that the expression of BMP‐2 and HIF‐1α was significantly upregulated in TS tissues and these fibroblasts, which was vimentin positive surrounding sclerotic plaques, were also expressing HIF‐1α positive. The results also demonstrated that CoCl2 treatment increased nuclear HIF‐1α protein level in the fibroblast. Furthermore, treatment with CoCl2 significantly increased BMP‐2 expression and remarkably elevated alkaline phosphatse activity and the mineralized nodules area. These data illustrate that hypoxia may play an osteogenic role in TS fibroblasts via the elevated expression of a possible osteogenic factor, BMP‐2.
Necrotizing pneumonia requiring prolonged extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: Pushing the boundaries in pediatric ECMO
Authors: R. R. Pravin , Chandran Suresh , Tan Yi Hua , Thomas Biju , Lee Jan Hau , Menon Anuradha P. , Ong Kim Kiat , Kumar Pugalenthi Arun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractExtracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a life‐saving rescue therapy used in acute respiratory failure refractory to invasive mechanical ventilation. Recent studies on positive outcomes of extended ECMO therapy are promising. We describe a case of a 2‐year 8‐month‐old female child with necrotizing pneumonia secondary to Streptococcus pneumoniae, Influenza A, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae, who survived with intact neurological function and no long‐term adverse outcomes after a prolonged ECMO run of 86 days. To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the longer durations of ECMO with transplant‐free survival in a pediatric patient requiring respiratory support with good recovery and a good functional outcome. Allowing time for native lung recovery is pivotal for optimal recovery, despite significant lung injury due to the underlying disease process. With evolving ECMO experience, clinicians may need to re‐consider the conventional maximum duration of ECMO in children with severe respiratory failure on a case‐by‐case basis.
Atypical parkinsonism can be a presenting feature of late‐onset Huntington's disease
Authors: Salari Mehri , Beladi Moghadam Nahid , Soleimani Sevim , Etemadifar Masoud 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHuntington's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that typically manifests with Choreic movements, psychological disorders, and cognitive decline. Some patients can initially present atypical movements other than the usual symptoms, such as parkinsonism, ataxia, and dystonia. In this report, we present an HD patient who presented with atypical parkinsonism.
Pseudoaneurysm of the proximal superficial femoral artery following blunt trauma in a footballer: A rare case report
Authors: Shrestha Krishna Gopal , Pokhrel Amrit , Kshetri Bikash Jang , Bastakoti Sanjiv , Pandey Govinda Raj 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPseudoaneurysm of superficial femoral artery without any femoral fracture following blunt trauma is a rare clinical entity. Most cases of pseudoaneurysm of superficial femoral artery present to the hospital following penetrating injury, femoral fracture, and surgical procedures. Failure of management of pain despite taking analgesics should lead to suspicion of pseudoaneurysm.
Case report of a Japanese patient with chronic renal failure who developed SARS‐CoV‐2 in a hospital cluster during treatment for acute respiratory failure: An autopsy report
Authors: Amari Yoshifumi , Morimoto Satoshi , Teranishi Takashi , Ohata Mai , Takeshita Atsushi , Hirano Hiroshi , Kobayashi Hitoshi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis article reports a clinical and histopathological perspective which noted not only COVID‐19 pneumonia but also exacerbation of chronic renal failure potentially caused by thrombus in the kidney, possibly COVID‐19‐related lesions. The accumulation of autopsy cases will elucidate the pathogenesis of COVID‐19 and aid in the development of effective therapeutics.
Pulmonary actinomycosis as a cause of chronic productive cough in a heavy smoker male with poor dental hygiene: A case report
Authors: Alsamawi Musaed , Al‐Mashdali Abdulrahman F. , Eldeeb Yasser 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPulmonary actinomycosis is a rare chronic granulomatous bacterial disease caused by Actinomyces species. Given its nonspecific clinical and radiological manifestations, the diagnosis might be delayed or even missed. Pulmonary actinomycosis mimics tuberculosis, aspergillosis, or malignancy both clinically and radiographically, and it should be considered in patients with chronic lung diseases.
Once was not enough: A case report of the concomitant intoxication of amlodipine (calcium channel blocker) and clonazepam (benzodiazepine)
Authors: Gautam Swotantra , Chamlagain Mandita , Yadav Gopal Kumar , Acharya Santosh 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe report a case of concurrent ingestion of Clonazepam and Amlodipine in a 25‐year‐old man, in a second attempt to take his life, which resulted in unconsciousness, hypotension, and hypokalemia. The clinical and/or biochemical presentation varied from the individual pattern when ingested. In the scarcity of consensus recommendations, supportive treatment helped.