bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Finite Element Analysis Model for Magnetomotive Ultrasound Elastometry Magnet Design with Experimental Validation
Authors: Nyakunu Jacquelline , Piatnichouk Christopher T. , Russell Henry Chase , van Duijnhoven Niels Jacob , Levy Benjamin E 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Objective. Magnetomotive ultrasound (MMUS) using magnetic nanoparticle contrast agents has shown promise for thrombosis imaging and quantitative elastometry via magnetomotive resonant acoustic spectroscopy (MRAS). Young’s modulus measurements of smaller, stiffer thrombi require an MRAS system capable of generating forces at higher temporal frequencies. Solenoids with fewer turns, and thus less inductance, could improve high frequency performance, but the reduced force may compromise results. In this work, a computational model capable of assessing the effectiveness of MRAS elastometry magnet configurations is presented and validated.&#xD;&#xD;Approach. Finite element analysis (FEA) was used to model the force and inductance of MRAS systems. The simulations incorporated both solenoid electromagnets and permanent magnets in three-dimensional steady-state, frequency domain, and time domain studies.&#xD;&#xD;Main results. The model successfully predicted that a configuration in which permanent magnets were added to an existing MRAS system could be used to increase the force supplied. Accordingly, the displacement measured in a magnetically labeled validation phantom increased by a factor of 2.2 ± 0.3 when the force was predicted to increase by a factor of 2.2 ± 0.2. The model additionally identified a new solenoid configuration consisting of four smaller coils capable of providing sufficient force at higher driving frequencies.&#xD;&#xD;Significance. These results indicate two methods by which MRAS systems could be designed to deliver higher frequency magnetic forces without the need for experimental trial and error. Either the number of turns within each solenoid could be reduced while permanent magnets are added at precise locations, or a larger number of smaller solenoids could be used. These findings overcome a key challenge toward the goal of MMUS thrombosis elastometry, and simulation files are provided online for broader experimentation.
Observing decreasing snow cover and increasing surface temperature across the Andes with remotely sensed and reanalysis data
Authors: Kim Kyung Y , Rajaram Harihar , Lakshmi Venkataraman 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Mountain environments are at risk of water insecurity and ecosystemic disruption due to elevation dependent warming (EDW) and its impact on the cryosphere. Although past studies have investigated temperature and snow cover trends independently across the Andes, none have established their inter-relationship based on both remotely sensed and reanalysis datasets. This study leverages the available temperature and snow cover records from ERA5-Land (1950–2023) and a suite of remotely sensed data (primarily MODIS) from the past two decades (2003–2023) to highlight warming hotspots across the Cordillera and spatiotemporal relationships between temperature (air and surface) and snow cover by elevation band. Particular attention is given to the extratropical Southern Andes (25°S–38°S), whose snow-dominated mountain hydrology is uniquely vulnerable—confirmed by in-situ discharge gauges for sampled catchments in its eastern slopes. Results reveal the strong dependence of discharge on snow cover in the summertime, but more variability with respect to its relationship to year-round temperatures. Snow cover area appears to be especially sensitive to temperatures in the wintertime at higher elevations (3–5 km); however, the most significant trends in concurrent snow cover decrease and temperature increase emerge for the austral fall and spring (May and September – November). Trends with greater magnitudes for the modern period (2003–2022/3) compared to the historical climatology (1950–2000) demand greater attention with significant implications for future water management across the Andes.
Surface morphology, electronic defects and passivation strategies at the p-n junction of Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 solar cells
Authors: Elizabeth Amala , May Andreas , Volkamer Finnegan , Giesl Florian , Elanzeery Hossam , Dalibor Thomas , Abou-Ras Daniel , Mönig Harry 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Based on the high power conversion efficiencies and compatibility toward large-area deposition techniques, Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 (CIGSSe) phototvoltaic absorbers are currently at the forefront of chalcopyrite thin-film solar cell technology. The performance of these solar cells is critically dependent on the properties of the interface between the p-type chalcopyrite absorber and the n-type buffer and window layers. Due to the complex defect physics of the chalcopyrites in general, the defect-electronic properties of the absorber surface is of particular concern. In this regard, the CIGSSe surfaces are considerably less understood compared with their S-free counterparts (e.g. Cu(In,Ga)Se2). In the present work, by applying high-resolution scanning probe techniques such as atomic force microscopy and scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS), combined with electron backscatter diffraction, the morphology, the crystallographic orientation, and the defect electronic properties of CIGSSe thin-film surfaces were investigated. Our work highlights distinct differences as well as similarities between S-containing and S-free chalcopyrite thin films. Three types of features were found on the CIGSSe surface, which were found to be exclusively made of polar facets. This is different from S-free absorbers that are known to facet in both, polar and non-polar planes with distinct electronic properties. Defect density mapping using STS revealed a highly defective surface with significant lateral inhomogeneities. Furthermore, grain boundary band bending detected in S-free absorber surfaces was absent. However, similar to S-free absorbers, annealing under ultra-high vacuum conditions was found to electronically passivate the CIGSSe surface. Our results shed light on the fundamental properties of these S-containing chalcopyrite-type surfaces and demonstrate a valuable platform for further optimization of this promising solar cell technology.
The effect of air-blowing method and blending method in bitumen production on the performance of bitumen and asphalt mixture
Authors: Hosseini Mohammad , Foroutan Sara , Vamegh Mostafa 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Although the amount of bitumen compared to aggregates in asphalt mixtures is low, it plays an important role in the properties and durability of the asphalt mixture. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of the bitumen production process in the performance of bitumen and asphalt mixtures. In this regard, three different 60-70 bitumen were prepared with different processes including 1) air blowing of light VB, 2) blending heavy VB and Heavy Vacuum Slops (HVS), 3) blending heavy VB and Vacuum Residue (VR). The physical, chemical, and rheological tests were performed on bitumen. Also, the properties of HMA made with these bitumens, such as resilient modulus, dynamic creep, rutting by wheel track, and tensile strength have been investigated. The results showed that VR bitumen causes greater temperature sensitivity and poorer high and low-temperature properties in bitumen and negatively affects the performance of asphalt mixtures against permanent deformation and fatigue. HVS bitumen, due to its oily structure, provides greater flexibility in bitumen and HMA, especially intermediate temperatures. The results of asphalt mixture tests indicated improved rutting performance (43-86%), fatigue cracking (about 48% and 60%), and moisture sensitivity (7% and 10%) in asphalt mixtures made with bitumen produced by the air-blowing process.&#xD;
BioModTool: from biomass composition data to structured biomass objective functions for genome scale metabolic models
Authors: Dupont Thibert Clémence , Roy Sylvaine , Curien Gilles , Durot Maxime 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Summary
BioModTool is a Python program allowing easy generation of biomass objective functions for genome scale metabolic models from user data. BioModTool loads biomass composition data in the form of a structured Excel file completed by the user, normalizes these data into model compatible units (mmol.gDW−1), and creates a structured biomass objective function to update a metabolic model. Aimed at a wide range of users, BioModTool can be run as a Python module compatible with COBRApy but also comes with an interface allowing its use by non-modelers. By providing easy definition of new biomass objective functions, BioModTool can accelerate new genome scale metabolic reconstructions, improve existing ones, and facilitate biomass-specific experimental datasets analyses with genome-scale models.

Availability and implementation
BioModTool is publicly available on PyPI (https://pypi.org/project/BioModTool/) under a GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL). Installation instructions and source code are available on GitHub (https://github.com/Total-RD/BioModTool). BioModTool is compatible with Windows, Linux and MacOS operating systems.
Conditional Fluorescent Changes of Azaylides with Fluorescent Chromophores
Authors: Hamada Mayo , Yoshida Suguru 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We found conditional fluorescent changes of azaylides bearing fluorescent chromophores. Azaylide formation and their stability were examined using electron-deficient aromatic azides and triarylphosphines having fluorescent chromophores. Turn-on fluorescence was realized under the acidic conditions using a non-fluorescent azaylide prepared by nonhydrolysis Staudinger reaction from 2,6-dichloro-substituted aryl azide and 1-pyrenyl phosphine.
Diabetic complications in women with type 2 diabetes and polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Ollila M M , Hautakoski A , Arffman M , Morin-Papunen L , Koivikko M , Ebeling T , Sund R , Piltonen T T 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objective
To investigate whether increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) translates into increased risk of diabetic complications.

Design
A cohort study based on the nationwide Diabetes in Finland database. The main analysis included 1288 women with PCOS and T2DM and 177,555 women with T2DM without PCOS (controls). Moreover, a sub-analysis that compared each woman with PCOS and T2DM to five controls with matching diagnosis date of T2DM and the age at onset of T2DM was conducted.

Methods
The risk for diabetic complications (i.e. a composite variable including retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy, cardiovascular, cerebrovascular or foot complications, and all-cause death) during the period 1996–2017 was analysed using Cox regression with PCOS as the time-dependent variable and adjustment for education level, year of T2DM diagnosis, and age at T2DM diagnosis. The unadjusted cumulative incidence of diabetic complications was calculated among women with PCOS and matched controls.

Results
The median age at T2DM diagnosis was significantly lower in women with PCOS compared to controls (33 [25th; 75th percentiles: 25;41] versus 62 [53;71] years). The 20-year cumulative incidence of diabetic complication after T2DM diagnosis was 35% in women with PCOS and 48% in matched controls. Women with PCOS had a smaller adjusted hazard ratio (0.70, 95% CI: 0.60–0.82) for diabetic complication.

Conclusions
The findings of the present register study suggest that PCOS does not seem to increase the risk of diabetic complications. However, studies with longer follow-up and clinical data, such as BMI, are needed to verify this.
Reconstruction of segmental duplication rates and associated genomic features by network analysis
Authors: Abdullaev Eldar T , Haridoss Dinesh A , Arndt Peter F 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Segmental duplications (SDs) are long genomic duplications that are fixed in a genome. SDs play an important evolutionary role because entire genes can be duplicated along with regulatory sequences. The ancestral segmental duplications of the human lineage gave rise to genes that are involved in the development of the human brain and provided sites for further genomic rearrangements. While some duplicated loci have been extensively studied, the universal principles and biological factors underlying the spread of SDs remain unclear. Here we represent segmental duplications in a network, with edges corresponding to duplication events and nodes corresponding to affected genomic sites. This representation allowed us to estimate how many duplications had occurred at each locus, and thereby enabling the prediction of genomic features associated with increased duplication rates. Our comprehensive study of genomic features associated with duplications and those associated with increased duplication rates allowed us to identify several biological factors affecting a segmental duplication process. In our study, we describe genomic features associated with increased duplication rates, three signatures of the duplication process and associations of SDs with different classes of high-copy repeats. Furthermore our method is readily implemented and can easily be applied to segmental duplications of other genomes to build a network of SDs or to predict real duplication events.
Implementation of a complex eHealth intervention by a public–private partnership in clinical practice: a qualitative multicentre analysis using CFIR
Authors: IJzerman R V H , van der Vaart R , Breeman L D , Kraaijenhagen R A , Evers A W M , Scholte op Reimer W J M , Janssen V R 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Complex eHealth interventions—featuring multiple components within dynamic systems—are used for healthcare improvement. Public–private partnerships (PPPs), combining resources, expertise, and technology, are crucial in this context. Yet, integrating these interventions into practice remains challenging. This study identifies barriers and facilitators affecting implementation of the BENEFIT programme, a complex eHealth intervention targeting cardiovascular disease patients, by PPP within practice. A qualitative study design was employed. Ten key stakeholders from four cardiac rehabilitation (CR) sites, who were all PPP partners involved in developing and implementing the BENEFIT programme, were interviewed semistructured. Transcripts were analysed using Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. Facilitators included programme adaptability, communication and planning within teams, digital healthcare needs, dedicated PPP leadership, PPP meeting structure and PPP’s ability to quickly modify the implementation strategy. Barriers involved specific PPP challenges (frequently changing roles, unclear roles and responsibilities and limited staffing), workplace disruptions, poor information technology (IT) integration, and ambiguous implementation goals amongst CR sites. This case study highlights challenges in implementing complex eHealth interventions by PPPs within practice. The findings underscore the need for a comprehensive implementation approach considering specific PPP dynamics, including combined expertise and resources, transparent role definition, sufficient staffing, clear goal communication and adaptable strategies for sustainable implementation.
A Molecular Array for 10-second Diagnosis of Common Spinal Tumour Types with Picosecond Infrared Laser Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Fiorante Alexa , Woolman Michael , Munoz David G , Kiyota Taira , Ye Lan Anna , Farahmand Yasmine , Vlaminck Darah , Talbot Francis O , Das Sunit , Kellett Sorcha , Giuffrida Christine , Zadeh Gelareh , Ginsberg Howard J , Aman Ahmed , Zarrine-Afsar Arash 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Improving the surgical outcomes for commonly occurring spinal neoplasms of extradural and intradural extramedullary origins requires precise intraoperative diagnosis provided by highly trained neuropathologists.

Methods
Through a retrospective study of n=319 patient specimens, verified where appropriate by learning curve analysis to be sufficient for statistically significant observations, we aimed to assess the utility of 10-second picosecond infrared laser mass spectrometry (PIRL-MS) for non-subjective diagnosis of major spinal tumour types of metastatic carcinoma, schwannoma and meningiomas.

Results
The sensitivity and specificity values of spinal tumour type diagnosis (based on n=182 independent specimens) were (93±1)% and (97±2)%, respectively. This classification utilizes n=41 cellular lipids including phosphatidylcholines, sphingomyelins, phosphatidylethanolamines, and ceramides whose identities were established using high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry. Furthermore, the accuracy of diagnosis of a model that contained n=97 meningioma and n=106 schwannoma was not drastically influenced by the presence of n=54 additional intradural extramedullary spinal neoplasms of myxopapillary ependymoma, neurofibroma, paraganglioma and solitary fibrous tumour types in the differential diagnosis, confirming the generalizability and robustness of the identified molecular array in rendering correct classification even in the presence of data not seen previously by the model.

Conclusions
The identified lipids form a ‘molecular array’ for robust diagnosis of meningioma and schwannoma tumours by non-pathologists in a manner similar to genomic, transcriptomic or methylomic arrays used to diagnose brain cancer types, albeit on a much faster timescale of seconds as opposed to hours.
Viral delivery of recombinases activates heritable genetic switches in plants
Authors: Chamness James C , Cody Jon P , Cruz Anna J , Voytas Daniel F 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Viral vectors provide an increasingly versatile platform for transformation-free reagent delivery to plants. RNA viral vectors can be used to induce gene silencing, overexpress proteins, or introduce gene editing reagents; however, they are often constrained by carrying capacity or restricted tropism in germline cells. Site-specific recombinases that catalyze precise genetic rearrangements are powerful tools for genome engineering that vary in size and, potentially, efficacy in plants. In this work, we show that viral vectors based on tobacco rattle virus (TRV) deliver and stably express four recombinases ranging in size from ∼0.6kb to ∼1.5kb and achieve simultaneous marker removal and reporter activation through targeted excision in transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana lines. TRV vectors with Cre, FLP, CinH, and Integrase13 efficiently mediated recombination in infected somatic tissue and led to heritable modifications at high frequency. An excision-activated Ruby reporter enabled simple and high-resolution tracing of infected cell lineages without the need for molecular genotyping. Together, our experiments broaden the scope of viral recombinase delivery and offer insights into infection dynamics that may be useful in developing future viral vectors.
Society of Critical Care Medicine Guidelines for the Treatment of Heat Stroke
Authors: Barletta Jeffrey F. , Palmieri Tina L. , Toomey Shari A. , AlShamsi Fayez , Stearns Rebecca L. , Patanwala Asad E. , Siparsky Nicole F. , Badjatia Neeraj , Schultz Brian , Breighner Crystal M. , Bruno Eric , Harrod Christopher G. , Trevilian Tanya , Braz de Carvalho Leandro , Houser James , Harahus John M. , Liu Yang , Swoboda Ryan , Ruhato Banguti Paulin , Bailey Heatherlee 
Published: February 2025

RATIONALE:
Predicted increases in heat-related weather phenomena will result in increasing heat exposures and heat injuries, like heat stroke. Prompt recognition, early intervention, and evidence-based management are necessary to optimize outcomes.

OBJECTIVES:
The objective of these guidelines was to develop evidence-based recommendations for the treatment of patients with heat stroke.

DESIGN:
The Society of Critical Care Medicine convened a multidisciplinary panel of 18 international clinicians, comprising expertise in critical care, emergency medicine, neurocritical care, surgery, trauma/burn surgery, sports medicine, athletic training, military medicine, nursing, pharmacy, respiratory therapy, and one patient representative. The panel also included a guidelines methodologist specialized in developing evidence-based recommendations in alignment with the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology. Conflict-of-interest policies were strictly followed during all phases of guidelines development including panel selection and voting.

METHODS:
The panel members identified Patient, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcomes questions in two main areas: cooling modalities and medications that affect temperature. A systematic review for each question was conducted to identify the best available evidence, statistically analyze the evidence, and assess the certainty of the evidence using the GRADE methodology. The GRADE evidence-to-decision framework was used to formulate the recommendations. Good practice statements were included to provide additional clinical guidance.

RESULTS:
The panel generated two strong recommendations, five good practice statements and one “only-in-the-context of research” statement. Active cooling measures are recommended over passive cooling methods, with cold- or ice-water immersion achieving the fastest cooling rate. This method should be prioritized where available. In heat stroke patients, there is no evidence to support pharmacological interventions that affect temperature control and they should be avoided.

CONCLUSIONS:
The guidelines task force provided recommendations for the management of patients with heat stroke. These recommendations should be considered along with the patient’s clinical status and available resources.
Acetylsalicylic Acid Treatment in Patients With Sepsis and Septic Shock: A Phase 2, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Almeida Thiago M. L. , Freitas Flávio G. R. , Figueiredo Rodrigo C. , Houly Sandra G. , Azevedo Luciano C. P. , Cavalcanti Alexandre B. , Damiani Lucas P. , Svicero Bianca S. , Souza Maria A. , Bustamante Cíntia L. S. , Ramos Fernando J. S. , Alves Rafael S. V. , Atallah Fernanda C. , Jackiu Míriam , Pacheco Eduardo S. , Schmidt Raysa C. , Serra Felipe S. C. , Tomotani Daniere Y. V. , Zampieri Fernando G. , Machado Flávia R. ,   BRICNET
Published: February 2025

OBJECTIVES:
Platelets play a critical role in the inflammatory response and coagulation. We aimed to evaluate whether the use of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) would reduce the intensity of organ dysfunction in septic patients.

DESIGN:
Randomized, blinded, parallel-group, placebo-controlled trial.

SETTING:
Five general ICUs in Brazil.

PATIENTS:
Adults with sepsis for no longer than 48 hours who had at least one severe organ dysfunction (lactate > 4 mmol/L, platelets < 100,000/mm3, Pao
2/Fio
2 ratio < 200, or septic shock).

INTERVENTIONS:
Patients were randomized to receive 200 mg of ASA or placebo for 7 days.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
The primary outcome was the change in the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score between day 0 and day 7 or date of discharge/death. Safety outcomes were major bleeding and the number of blood transfusions within 14 days. The planned sample size was 218 with interim safety analyses after enrolling 109 and 163 patients. The study was discontinued due to higher frequency of major bleeding in the ASA group. We included 166 patients (ASA: 82 patients, placebo: 84). In the adjusted analysis, there was no difference in the SOFA change between the groups (mean placebo to ASA group difference, 0.60; 95% CI, –0.55 to 1.75; p = 0.30). There were no differences in any of the secondary outcomes. In the intervention group, there were a higher number of serious adverse events (9 [11%] vs. 1 [1.2%]; p = 0.009) and major bleeding (8 [8.5%] vs. 1 [1.2%]; p = 0.02).

CONCLUSIONS:
In this population of septic patients, ASA did not reduce the intensity of organ dysfunction. ASA increased the risk of severe bleeding compared with placebo.