bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative microstructural and spectroscopic investigation of inversion domain boundaries in sintered zinc oxide ceramics doped with iron oxide
Authors: Walther Thomas , Wolf Frank , Recnik Aleksander , Mader Werner 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
It is known that sintering of powders of zinc oxide (ZnO) with small additions of iron oxide results in a ceramic with grains exhibiting a characteristic inversion domain micro-structure with planar inversion domain boundaries (IDBs) on two different habit planes. This study concentrates on a quantitative analysis, by a combination of different transmission electron microscopy methods, of those IDBs that are parallel to {0001} basal planes of the wurtzite structure of ZnO. Electron diffraction and dark-field imaging prove the nature of the inversion. High-resolution annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy allows measurement of the rigid body displacements across these IDBs and of the local lattice contraction related to the octahedral interstices that form the boundaries. Energy-selected imaging, electron energy-loss spectroscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy have been combined to determine the chemical composition of the IDBs quantitatively. It is thus shown unambiguously that every such fault consists of precisely one basal plane of octahedral interstices that are completely occupied by Fe3+ ions and that these FeO6 octahedra are themselves contracted along the <0001> direction. A local charge balance model explains the observations.
Short-range order of liquid Ti72.3Fe27.7 investigated by a combination of neutron scattering and X-ray diffraction
Authors: Holland-Moritz Dirk , Heinen Oliver , Bellissent Robert , Schenk Thomas , Herlach Dieter M. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this work we report on investigations into the topological and chemical short-range order of binary Ti72.3Fe27.7 alloy melts. In order to analyse the structure, the melts were investigated by means of neutron scattering and energy dispersive diffraction of synchrotron radiation. The combination of both diffraction techniques allowed the determination of the partial Bhatia Thornton structure factors S
NN(Q) and S
CC(Q). The experimental results provide evidence of an icosahedral topological short-range order prevailing in the liquid that is accompanied by a pronounced chemical short-range order such that Ti –Fe nearest neighbours are preferentially formed.
Omega phase transformation – morphologies and mechanisms
Authors: Banerjee S. , Tewari R. , Dey G. K. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Various morphologies of the ω phase are observed in the α and the β phases of group-IV elements and their alloys where formation of this phase is induced by various means, namely, quenching from the β-phase field, isothermal annealing, under high static as well as dynamic pressure, and irradiation. The presence of various morphologies, such as ellipsoidal, cuboidal, granular or plate shapes, under different conditions is demonstrated. It is shown that various factors, including shuffling of atoms, shearing of atomic planes, long-range diffusion of solute atoms, change in volume during transformation, etc., influence the formation of different morphologies of the ω phase. The underlying mechanisms in each case are discussed. Ordered ω phases, which exist as equilibrium phases in various alloy systems, are shown as a case of superimposition of the concentration wave on the displacement wave.
Annealing-induced phase transitions in a Zr–Ti–Nb–Cu–Ni–Al bulk metallic glass matrix composite containing quasicrystalline precipitates
Authors: Kühn Uta , Eckert Jürgen , Schultz Ludwig 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The phase formation of a copper-mold-cast Zr60Ti2Nb6Cu14 Ni9Al9 alloy has been investigated upon cooling from the melt as well as upon annealing of as-cast specimens. The different states of the samples are characterized by X-ray diffraction, optical and electron microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. The cooling rate as realized upon copper-mold casting leads to micrometer-sized quasicrystals, which are embedded in a glassy phase. The thermal stability ΔTx
of the supercooled liquid state of the glassy phase that forms near to the wall of the copper mold, differs from that of the glassy matrix in the center of the rod due to different compositions of the glassy phase. This is a consequence of the change in local cooling conditions, which affects the phase formation upon solidification as well as the subsequent transformation behavior of the alloy upon constant-rate heating.
Self-induced oscillations in Si and other semiconductors
Authors: Föll Helmut , Carstensen Jürgen , Foca Eugen 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Some metals share an elusive property with silicon (and other semiconductors): they may exhibit strong self-induced current oscillations during anodic dissolution in electrochemical experiments. While this feature, as well as related features concerning self-organization at reactive solid-liquid interfaces, is still not well understood, the so-called “current-burst model” of the authors succeeded in reproducing many effects quantitatively that have been observed at the Si electrode. The current-burst model assumes that current flow through the electrode on a nm scale is inhomogeneous in both time and space; a single current-burst is a stochastic event. Current oscillations in time and space result from interactions in space or time of single current-bursts. The paper outlines the basics of the model and gives results of Monte Carlo simulations concerning stable and damped oscillations for the current and, as a new feature, for the voltage. With the current-burst model a kind of “nano”-electrochemistry is introduced; its strengths, weaknesses, and possible implications for other electrochemical phenomena and for other materials are briefly discussed.
Growth, interface structure, and magnetic properties of Fe/GaAs and Fe3Si/GaAs hybrid systems
Authors: Herfort Jens , Trampert Achim , Ploog Klaus H. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Ferromagnetic Fe and Fe3Si films are grown on GaAs(001) substrates by molecular beam epitaxy. This review article summarizes the important aspects of the heteroepitaxial growth and the associated structural properties of the Fe/GaAs and Fe3Si/GaAs heterostructures. The magnetic anisotropy of the thin Fe epilayers is analyzed and correlated to the interface structure, which is determined by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The structural and electrical properties of Fe3Si alloys depend on the exact stoichiometry and the long-range atomic ordering that is controlled by the growth conditions during the molecular beam epitaxy. The interface reactivity and the thermal stability are critically discussed for both heterosystems.
Radiation damage during HRTEM studies in pure Al and Al alloys
Authors: Mingler Bernhard , Karnthaler H. Peter 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
During transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigations of Al alloys, defects caused by the electron irradiation can occur. Since the image contrast of these irradiation defects is similar to that of early stages of precipitates, care is needed to avoid confusion. In the present paper the formation and the coarsening of radiation damage defects were studied by in situ TEM in both, pure Al and Al alloys. High-resolution (HR)TEM images show on an atomic level that the radiation defects are extrinsic Frank loops (some converted into unfaulted prismatic loops); they are distributed homogeneously within the TEM foil but inhomogeneously on the four {111} planes. Applying HRTEM imaging conditions, the minimum electron energy causing defects is found to be as low as 110 keV using a [110] beam direction. The results for pure Al are very similar to those of the Al alloys. Therefore, during HRTEM studies (using accelerating voltages > 100 kV) the formation of radiation defects seems inevitable; they can be distinguished from the early stages of precipitates if they lie on different planes.
Free-space optical link optimization in visible light communication system
Authors: Ngene Chidi E. , Thakur Prabhat , Singh Ghanshyam 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Free space optical communication is a potential technology that exploits the visible light frequency band for communication. In this paper, a free-space optical link (FSOL) optimization in visible light communication (VLC) is used to improve the channel performance for signal strength and analyze the effect of signal failures in a communication system. The data transmission and reception phenomenon are established using a light-emitting diode (LED) as a carrier at transmitter and photodiode as a detector at the receiver, respectively. The OptiSystem tool uses to optimize the component parameters of this proposed communication system. The bit error rate (BER) analyzer displays the signals as an eye diagram with the challenges of components uncertainty for better signal performance. The optimized components solve the problem encountered transmitting improve and enhance the signals strength. The acceptable eye diagram displayed from the BER analyzer has been resolved as a result of component optimizations by adding and removing noise to ascertain the behavior of the channel. A better signal retrieve by the display of the acceptable eye diagram from the OptiSystem software used. The FSOL components optimization improve the loss of data, weak signal, loss of power, signal failure, and signal errors which guarantee multi-mobile users with the shared signal. OptiSystem software package used to fully characterize the FSOL system.
COVID-19 and its effect on Instagram adoption by #OBGYN residency programs
Authors: Yadav Ghanshyam S. , Upadhyay Animesh , Welch Jennifer , Kilpatrick Charles C. , Turrentine Mark A. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Instagram (IG) is becoming one of the larger resource tools within medicine. Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is becoming important for programs to improve virtual presence and outreach. We evaluated the adoption of IG by OB/GYN residency programs in the United States and aimed to see if highly ranked programs had higher utilization rates.

Methods
IG presence and engagement metrics were extracted for all ACGME accredited OB/GYN programs. Doximity residency navigator tool was used to obtain nationwide program rankings, and statistical analysis was performed to prove any significant correlation. Mann–Whitney U test, Cochran-Armitage test and Analysis of variance were used for analysis. IRB exemption was obtained.

Results
Seventy percent of programs (202/287) have IG presence, with the majority creating presence after the COVID pandemic began (115/202; 57%). Seventy-two percent (83/115) of these programs created their IG account once virtual interviews were announced. The top 25% of programs, as ranked on Doximity, have a higher number of posts, followers and likes when compared to the rest of the programs.

Conclusions
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to increased adoption of IG by residency programs. Highly ranked and reputed programs have higher rates of activity, popularity, and engagement on IG.
One-dimensional and three-dimensional coupling simulation research of centrifugal cascade hydraulics
Authors: Hao Yan , Jun Che , Siyu Chen 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Centrifuge cascade hydraulics research is very important for the cascade system design and safety analysis. The one-dimensional centrifugal cascade dynamic hydraulics calculation program can be used to achieve the rapid verification of the cascade system dynamic operation or accident condition. While the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) program is mainly used to analyze the local three-dimensional fluid phenomena such as the centrifugal cascade pipe and equipment. To comprehensively utilize the advantages of the two simulation methods, based on the one-dimensional calculation software SimuWorks of centrifugal cascade hydraulics and three-dimensional flow field calculation software Fluent, a one-dimensional and three-dimensional coupling simulation program for centrifugal cascade hydraulics was developed by using the API functions provided by SimuWorks simulation software and the user-defined function (UDF) of Fluent. The coupling method is used to analyze the movement of solid particles in the main feed pipe of the separation stage. By comparing the calculation results of the coupling program with the calculation results of the traditional one-dimensional dynamic hydraulics program, it can be seen that the coupling program can correctly predict the influence of feeding orifice plate clogging on the system parameters and can more intuitively show the flow field characteristics in the important parts of the system. The motion characteristics of the solid particles obtained in the simulation verification are consistent with the experimental analysis results, which further verifies the accuracy of the coupling program. The coupling program can provide a new calculation method and analytical tool for the study of centrifugal cascade hydraulics.
First record of the elusive and endangered long-tailed nesokia, Nesokia bunnii, in Iran
Authors: Mahmoudi Ahmad , Sajad Jalali Ali , Hafezi Birgani Keramat , Saki Mohammad , Kryštufek Boris 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We report for the first time the long-tailed nesokia rat, Nesokia bunnii, in Iran. A single female of this rodent killed by a stray dog in the Hoveyzeh marshes was identified as Nesokia bunnii according to its external and craniodental characteristics. With its four pairs of nipples, the collected specimen did not deviate from the condition is seen in Nesokia indica and the genus Bandicota. Here, we provide the first observations on the natural history of this elusive animal. Examination of the stomach contents of the specimen retrieved green plant material. The animal was killed in a marshy site with small pools scattered all around. The entrance to a burrow which was found on the spot was sheltered by dense reed Phragmites australis. We could not confirm an earlier report that N. bunnii constructs floating nests. This record extends the known distribution range of N. bunnii eastwards into the Khuzestan Province, Southwest of Iran.
Domesticating Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Müller Luise 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
For their deployment in human societies to be safe, AI agents need to be aligned with value-laden cooperative human life. One way of solving this “problem of value alignment” is to build moral machines. I argue that the goal of building moral machines aims at the wrong kind of ideal, and that instead, we need an approach to value alignment that takes seriously the categorically different cognitive and moral capabilities between human and AI agents, a condition I call deep agential diversity. Domestication is the answer to a similarly structured problem: namely, how to integrate nonhuman animals that lack moral agency safely into human society and align their behavior with human values. Just like nonhuman animals, AI agents lack a genuinely moral agency; and just like nonhuman animals, we might find ways to train them to nevertheless assist us, and live and work among us – to “domesticate” them, in other words. I claim that the domestication approach does well in explaining many of our intuitions and worries about deploying AI agents in our social practices.
Connections between metabolism and epigenetic modifications in cancer
Authors: Wang Guangchao , Han Jingdong J. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
How cells sense and respond to environmental changes is still a key question. It has been identified that cellular metabolism is an important modifier of various epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, histone methylation and acetylation and RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation. This closely links the environmental nutrient availability to the maintenance of chromatin structure and gene expression, and is crucial to regulate cellular homeostasis, cell growth and differentiation. Cancer metabolic reprogramming and epigenetic alterations are widely observed, and facilitate cancer development and progression. In cancer cells, oncogenic signaling-driven metabolic reprogramming modifies the epigenetic landscape via changes in the key metabolite levels. In this review, we briefly summarized the current evidence that the abundance of key metabolites, such as S-adenosyl methionine (SAM), acetyl-CoA, α-ketoglutarate (α-KG), 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG), uridine diphospho-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) and lactate, affected by metabolic reprogramming plays an important role in dynamically regulating epigenetic modifications in cancer. An improved understanding of the roles of metabolic reprogramming in epigenetic regulation can contribute to uncover the underlying mechanisms of metabolic reprogramming in cancer development and identify the potential targets for cancer therapies.
TahcoRoll: fast genomic signature profiling via thinned automaton and rolling hash
Authors: Ju Chelsea J.-T. , Jiang Jyun-Yu , Li Ruirui , Li Zeyu , Wang Wei 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Genomic signatures like k-mers have become one of the most prominent approaches to describe genomic data. As a result, myriad real-world applications, such as the construction of de Bruijn graphs in genome assembly, have been benefited by recognizing genomic signatures. In other words, an efficient approach of genomic signature profiling is an essential need for tackling high-throughput sequencing reads. However, most of the existing approaches only recognize fixed-size k-mers while many research studies have shown the importance of considering variable-length k-mers.

Methods
In this paper, we present a novel genomic signature profiling approach, TahcoRoll, by extending the Aho–Corasick algorithm (AC) for the task of profiling variable-length k-mers. We first group nucleotides into two clusters and represent each cluster with a bit. The rolling hash technique is further utilized to encode signatures and read patterns for efficient matching.

Results
In extensive experiments, TahcoRoll significantly outperforms the most state-of-the-art k-mer counters and has the capability of processing reads across different sequencing platforms on a budget desktop computer.

Conclusions
The single-thread version of TahcoRoll is as efficient as the eight-thread version of the state-of-the-art, JellyFish, while the eight-thread TahcoRoll outperforms the eight-thread JellyFish by at least four times.
Converging multi-modality datasets to build efficient drug repositioning pipelines against Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias
Authors: Yin Zheng , Wong Stephen T.C. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (AD/ADRD) affects more than 50 million people worldwide but there is no clear therapeutic option affordable for the general patient population. Recently, drug repositioning studies featuring collaborations between academic institutes, medical centers, and hospitals are generating novel therapeutics candidates against these devastating diseases and filling in an important area for healthcare that is poorly represented by pharmaceutical companies. Such drug repositioning studies converge expertise from bioinformatics, chemical informatics, medical informatics, artificial intelligence, high throughput and high-content screening and systems biology. They also take advantage of multi-scale, multi-modality datasets, ranging from transcriptomic and proteomic data, electronical medical records, and medical imaging to social media information of patient behaviors and emotions and epidemiology profiles of disease populations, in order to gain comprehensive understanding of disease mechanisms and drug effects. We proposed a recursive drug repositioning paradigm involving the iteration of three processing steps of modeling, prediction, and validation to identify known drugs and bioactive compounds for AD/ADRD. This recursive paradigm has the potential of quickly obtaining a panel of robust novel drug candidates for AD/ADRD and gaining in-depth understanding of disease mechanisms from those repositioned drug candidates, subsequently improving the success rate of predicting novel hits.
Digital tongue image analyses for health assessment
Authors: Xie Jiacheng , Jing Congcong , Zhang Ziyang , Xu Jiatuo , Duan Ye , Xu Dong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTraditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), as an effective alternative medicine, utilizes tongue diagnosis as a major method to assess the patient’s health status by examining the tongue’s color, shape, and texture. Tongue images can also give the pre-disease indications without any significant disease symptoms, which provides a basis for preventive medicine and lifestyle adjustment. However, traditional tongue diagnosis has limitations, as the process may be subjective and inconsistent. Hence, computer-aided tongue diagnoses have a great potential to provide more consistent and objective health assessments. This paper reviewed the current trends in TCM tongue diagnosis, including tongue image acquisition hardware, tongue segmentation, feature extraction, color correction, tongue classification, and tongue diagnosis system. We also present a case of TCM constitution classification based on tongue images.
Commentary: the complex nexus between (im)mobility and translanguaging
Authors: Mazzaferro Gerardo 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Translanguaging has now become central to a sociolinguistics that foregrounds globalization and mobility as key concepts for grasping human beings’ capacity to engage with and draw on both multiple linguistic – including named languages – and semiotic resources dynamically and in combination for the purpose of meaning-making (García, Ofelia & Wei Li. 2014. Translanguaging: Language, bilingualism and education. New York: Palgrave/McMillan; Li, Wei. 2018. Translanguaging as a practical theory of language. Applied Linguistics 39(1). 9–30). The contributions collected here testify to the growing importance of translanguaging as a theory and practice within contexts of unprecedented mobility, namely educational and work environments, bringing to light processes of circulation of linguistic and semiotic resources across both physical and digital spaces involving the development of communicative practices as well as subjectivities and identities.
Crystal structure of {2,2′-{cyclohexane-1,2-diylbis[(azanylylidene)methylylidene]}bis(2,4-dibromophenolato)-κ4
N,N′,O,O′}copper(II) ─ diethylformamide (1/1), C23H23Br4CuN3O3
Authors: Li Weili , Bo Yang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
C23H23Br4CuN3O3, P

1
‾

$\overline{1}$

(no. 2), a = 10.4769(4) Å, b = 10.7829(5) Å, c = 12.9824(5) Å, α = 98.153(2)°, β = 111.484(2)°, γ = 105.035(2)°, V = 1271.43(9) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0338, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1158, T = 273.15 K.