bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cryo-EM structures of Na+-pumping NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase from Vibrio cholerae
Authors: Kishikawa Jun-ichi , Ishikawa Moe , Masuya Takahiro , Murai Masatoshi , Kitazumi Yuki , Butler Nicole L. , Kato Takayuki , Barquera Blanca , Miyoshi Hideto 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe Na+-pumping NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (Na+-NQR) couples electron transfer from NADH to ubiquinone with Na+-pumping, generating an electrochemical Na+ gradient that is essential for energy-consuming reactions in bacteria. Since Na+-NQR is exclusively found in prokaryotes, it is a promising target for highly selective antibiotics. However, the molecular mechanism of inhibition is not well-understood for lack of the atomic structural information about an inhibitor-bound state. Here we present cryo-electron microscopy structures of Na+-NQR from Vibrio cholerae with or without a bound inhibitor at 2.5- to 3.1-Å resolution. The structures reveal the arrangement of all six redox cofactors including a herein identified 2Fe-2S cluster located between the NqrD and NqrE subunits. A large part of the hydrophilic NqrF is barely visible in the density map, suggesting a high degree of flexibility. This flexibility may be responsible to reducing the long distance between the 2Fe-2S centers in NqrF and NqrD/E. Two different types of specific inhibitors bind to the N-terminal region of NqrB, which is disordered in the absence of inhibitors. The present study provides a foundation for understanding the function of Na+-NQR and the binding manner of specific inhibitors.
Study of the long-term degradation behavior of bamboo scrimber under natural weathering
Authors: Zhang Ya-Hui , Ma Hong-Xia , Qi Yue , Zhu Rong-Xian , Li Xing-Wei , Yu Wen-Ji , Rao Fei 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this work, the degradation behavior of bamboo scrimber are investigated under natural weathering system for six years. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and colorimeter were used to characterize the change of bamboo scrimber surface and microstructure. Natural weathering led to degradation of lignin and rapid color changes, demonstrated by decrease of 1232 cm−1, 1423 cm−1 and 1506 cm−1 absorption peaks, the reduction of C1and increase of C2, and ΔE* value notably. Lignin degradation resulted in micro-check formation in the cell walls of fibers and parenchyma cells within exposure time. In particular, parameters of weather resistance changed rapidly within the initial two years and stabilized in the following four years. It is also revealed that two natural regions with different type of climate have significantly affected the degradation behavior of bamboo scrimber.
Biocatalytic decarboxylative Michael addition for synthesis of 1,4-benzoxazinone derivatives
Authors: Bavandi Hossein , Shahedi Mansour , Habibi Zohreh , Yousefi Maryam , Brask Jesper , Mohammadi Mehdi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe Candida antarctica lipase B (Novozym 435) is found to catalyze a novel decarboxylative Michael addition in vinylogous carbamate systems for the synthesis of 1,4-benzoxazinone derivatives. The reaction goes through Michael addition, ester hydrolysis and decarboxylation. A possible mechanism is suggested, with simultaneous lipase-catalyzed Michael addition and ester hydrolysis. The present methodology offers formation of complex products through multi-step reactions in a one pot process under mild and facile reaction conditions with moderate to high yields (51–90%) and no side product formation. The reaction seems to be is a great example of enzymatic promiscuity.
Improved drought tolerance of EMS mutagenized Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) mutants by in vitro screening at germination stage
Authors: Tiryaki Iskender , Sari Ugur , Cetin Selcuk , Acar Okan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe objectives of this study were to determine drought tolerant novel mutant of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) genotypes by screening EMS mutagenized 340675 M3 seeds at germination stages in the presence of osmotic stress of 35% PEG6000. Root growth assay provided several drought tolerant candidate mutants. Of those, 4 mutants were further evaluated at water deficit conditions applied for 24 days after the first cutting at flowering bud stage. The results revealed that mutants determined as drought tolerant at germination stage were also tolerant to water deficit conditions. Protein content and superoxide dismutase values were found to be higher in all mutants than controls. Ascorbate peroxides, glutton reductase and lipid peroxidase values varied based on the mutant genotype and duration of drought stress. Drought stress significantly changed transcriptional levels of MtP5CS, MtDehyd, MseIF-2, MtRD2 and MsNAC genes. These results indicated that in vitro screening of alfalfa mutant seeds for osmatic tolerance at germination and early seedling growth stages was successfully able to determine the drought tolerant alfalfa mutants which were also tolerant to water deficit conditions after the first cutting at flowering bud stage.
A multifaceted strategy to improve recombinant expression and structural characterisation of a Trypanosoma invariant surface protein
Authors: Sülzen Hagen , Votrubova Jitka , Dhillon Arun , Zoll Sebastian 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIdentification of a protein minimal fragment amenable to crystallisation can be time- and labour intensive especially if large amounts are required and the protein has a complex fold and functionally important post-translational modifications. In addition, a lack of homologues and structural information can further complicate the design of a minimal expression construct. Recombinant expression in E. coli promises high yields, low costs and fast turnover times, but falls short for many extracellular, eukaryotic proteins. Eukaryotic expression systems provide an alternative but are costly, slow and require special handling and equipment. Using a member of a structurally uncharacterized, eukaryotic receptor family as an example we employ hydrogen–deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) guided construct design in conjunction with truncation scanning and targeted expression host switching to identify a minimal expression construct that can be produced with high yields and moderate costs.
Study on blasting characteristics of rock mass with weak interlayer based on energy field
Authors: Cui Jianbin , Xie Liangfu , Qiao Wei , Qiu Liewang , Hu Zeyu , Wu Liming 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn order to explore the influence of weak interlayer on blasting characteristics in natural rock mass, by using the particle flow code (PFC2D), a single hole blasting numerical model of hard rock with soft interlayer is established. The blasting experiments at different positions and thicknesses of weak interlayer are carried out. Then an in-depth analysis from the perspectives of crack effect, stress field and energy field is made. Results showed that: (i) When the explosion is initiated outside the weak interlayer, if the interlayer is located within about twice the radius of the crushing area, the closer the interlayer is to the blast hole, the higher the damage degree of the rock mass around the blast hole. And the number of cracks will increase by about 1–2% when the distance between the weak interlayer and the blast hole decreases by 0.5 m. (ii) When detonating outside the weak interlayer, if the interlayer is within about 4 times radius of the crushing area, the hard rock on both sides of the weak interlayer will in a high stress state. Under the same case, the peak kinetic energy and peak friction energy will increase by about 23 and 13%, respectively, and the peak strain energy will increase by about 218 kJ for every 0.1 m increase in the thickness of the weak interlayer.
Skeletal muscle biochemical origin of exercise intensity domains and their relation to whole-body V̇O2 kinetics
Authors: Korzeniewski Bernard , Rossiter Harry B. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This article presents the biochemical intra-skeletal-muscle basis of exercise intensity domains: moderate (M), heavy (H), very heavy (VH) and severe (S). Threshold origins are mediated by a ‘Pi double-threshold’ mechanism of muscle fatigue, which assumes (1) additional ATP usage, underlying muscle V̇O2 and metabolite slow components, is initiated when inorganic phosphate (Pi) exceeds a critical value (Picrit); (2) exercise is terminated because of fatigue, when Pi reaches a peak value (Pipeak); and (3) the Pi increase and additional ATP usage increase mutually stimulate each other forming a positive feedback. M/H and H/VH borders are defined by Pi on-kinetics in relation to Picrit and Pipeak. The values of the ATP usage activity, proportional to power output (PO), for the M/H, H/VH and VH/S borders are lowest in untrained muscle and highest in well-trained muscle. The metabolic range between the M/H and H/VH border (or ‘H space’) decreases with muscle training, while the difference between the H/VH and VH/S border (or ‘VH space’) is only weakly dependent on training status. The absolute magnitude of the muscle V̇O2 slow-component, absent in M exercise, rises gradually with PO to a maximal value in H exercise, and then decreases with PO in VH and S exercise. Simulations of untrained, physically active and well-trained muscle demonstrate that the muscle M/H border need not be identical to the whole-body M/H border determined from pulmonary V̇O2 on-kinetics and blood lactate, while suggesting that the biochemical origins of the H/VH border reside within skeletal muscle and correspond to whole-body critical power.
A Perceptual Study of Communication Effectiveness in Cluttering
Authors: Scaler Scott Kathleen , Gurtizen Emily , Giacumbo Katrina , Kisenwether Jessica 
Published: July 2022

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to investigate listener perception of communication effectiveness when listening to samples of speakers who clutter and exhibit excessive revisions as compared to control speakers matched by gender and education level.

Method:
In this study, 100 undergraduate listeners rated 30-s monologue samples of adults who clutter and whose speech contained excessive revisions. Ratings were collected via a visual analog scale. After marking their ratings, listeners were asked to write down any details they could recall from each monologue.

Results:
Adults who clutter were rated significantly poorer than controls in the categories of message, conciseness, flow, and organization. There were no significant differences in ratings by class year. Descriptively, listeners also inaccurately identified the main idea of each speaker's message more often when listening to adults with cluttering as compared to controls. Thematic analysis of listener comments emphasized themes of increased speed, difficulty understanding words, and lack of organization and cohesion among adults who clutter. By contrast, listener comments for controls emphasized increased flow and ease in following speakers' messages.

Conclusions:
This study provides objective data that listeners judged those who clutter with excessive revisions less favorably than controls in terms of their ability to understand the speakers' main point, ability to get to the point, smooth flow of speech, organization of message, and clarity of speech. These judgments occurred despite normal scores on standardized language tests among the participants with cluttering.
A novel fault location scheme for transmission lines connected to wind farm based on variational iteration method
Authors: Shu Hongchun , Deng Yaqi , Cao Pulin , Dong Jun , He Tingyi , Wang Guangxue 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe phenomenon of wind abandoned caused by fault of transmission lines has occurred frequently. Since fault current output by wind turbine after fault may induce the frequency variation of the fundamental frequency, fault location based on the fundamental resistance is easily invalid. In order to locate fault accurately and rapidly after wind farm transmission line faults, a time‐domain‐based novel fault location method for transmission line of wind farm is introduced in this paper. The main idea of the proposed scheme is to discretise the distributed‐parameter model of transmission line that is given in the form of partial differential equations by using the finite‐difference time‐domain. In addition, the phase current and voltage at both ends of lines are regarded as boundary conditions. Then, the variational iteration method is utilised to calculate transmission line equations to obtain line length function. At last, fault location function is constructed by a minimised objective function. This paper builds wind power transmission line system simulation model and carries out simulation experiments on PSCAD/EMTDC. To verify the performance of the algorithm, several factors are taken into account for simulation including different fault distances, different fault types, different fault resistances, and different fault inception angles. Simulation results reveal the performance of the proposed method to locate fault for transmission lines connected to wind farm with high accuracy.
Agent based online learning approach for power flow control of electric vehicle fast charging station integrated with smart microgrid
Authors: Amir Mohammad , Zaheeruddin  , Haque Ahteshamul , Kurukuru V. S. Bharath , Bakhsh Farhad Ilahi , Ahmad Akbar 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn stochastic power systems, electric vehicle (EV) fast charging stations (FCS) are rapidly being installed, while adversely impacts the distribution network. Due to this, the improper offline charging control policies for EVs may increase the voltage fluctuation and instability. To analyse these aspects, this paper investigates the problems associated with offline (dis)charging control for effective utilization of battery storage and grid power through different modes of operations. Further, the need to develop real‐time charging control is identified to mitigate the adverse impacts of FCS on the distribution network. Hence, an online controller using reinforcement learning (RL) is designed to distinguish the uncertainties in real‐time and to schedule the (dis)charging of an EV against the uncertainties based on travelling pattern. The RL based online controller uses deep neural network (DNN), where the agents are programmed to control the bi‐directional power flow (V2G/G2V). The effectiveness of the RL rewards controller is fulfilled by the different charging states of the battery. The performance of online (dis)charging controllers that utilize DNN to act at its optimal power flow set of points for all sessions are examined in the details. Finally, the effectiveness of online RL controller and hardware results have been realized using real time hardware‐in‐the loop simulator.
Are the host galaxies of long gamma-ray bursts more compact than star-forming galaxies of the field?
Authors: Schneider B. , Le Floc’h E. , Arabsalmani M. , Vergani S. D. , Palmerio J. T. 
Published: July 2022

Context. Long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) offer a promising tool for tracing the cosmic history of star formation, especially at high redshift, where conventional methods are known to suffer from intrinsic biases. Previous studies of GRB host galaxies at low redshift showed that high surface density of stellar mass and high surface density of star formation rate (SFR) can potentially enhance the GRB production. Evaluating the effect of such stellar densities at high redshift is therefore crucial to fully control the ability of long GRBs for probing the activity of star formation in the distant Universe.
Aims. We assess how the size, stellar mass, and star formation rate surface densities of distant galaxies affect the probability of their hosting a long GRB, using a sample of GRB hosts at z > 1 and a control sample of star-forming sources from the field.
Methods. We gathered a sample of 45 GRB host galaxies at 1 < z < 3.1 observed with the Hubble Space Telescope WFC3 camera in the near-infrared. Our subsample at 1 < z < 2 has cumulative distributions of redshift and stellar mass consistent with the host galaxies of known unbiased GRB samples, while our GRB host selection at 2 < z < 3.1 has lower statistics and is probably biased toward the high end of the stellar mass function. Using the GALFIT parametric approach, we modeled the GRB host light profile with a Sérsic component and derived the half-light radius for 35 GRB hosts, which we used to estimate the star formation rate and stellar mass surface densities of each object. We compared the distribution of these physical quantities to the SFR-weighted properties of a complete sample of star-forming galaxies from the 3D-HST deep survey at a comparable redshift and stellar mass.
Results. We show that similarly to z < 1, GRB hosts are smaller in size and they have higher stellar mass and star formation rate surface densities than field galaxies at 1 < z < 2. Interestingly, this result is robust even when separately considering the hosts of GRBs with optically bright afterglows and the hosts of dark GRBs, as the two subsamples share similar size distributions. At z > 2, however, GRB hosts appear to have sizes and stellar mass surface densities more consistent with those characterizing the field galaxies. This may reveal an evolution with redshift of the bias between GRB hosts and the overall population of star-forming sources, although we cannot exclude that our result at z > 2 is also affected by the prevalence of dark GRBs in our selection.
Conclusions. In addition to a possible trend toward a low-metallicity environment, other environmental properties such as stellar density appear to play a role in the formation of long GRBs, at least up to z ∼ 2. This might suggest that GRBs require special environments to enhance their production.
Screening for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Pregnancy Outcomes:
Results from a Multicentric Study in Tajikistan
Authors: Pirmatova Dilnoza , Dodkhoeva Munavvara , Hasbargen Uwe , Flemmer Andreas W. , Abdusamatzoda Zulfiya , Saburova Khursheda , Salieva Nasiba , Radzhabova Surayyo , Parhofer Klaus G. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe prevalence of gestational diabetes parallels the prevalence of type 2
diabetes mellitus and is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. However,
these data are not available for many parts of the world. We assessed the
prevalence of gestational diabetes and pregnancy outcomes in Tajikistan. This
cohort study included 2438 consecutively recruited representative pregnant women
from 8 locations in two cities in Tajikistan, in whom an oral glucose tolerance
test (75 g, fasting, 1 h, 2 h) was performed during
gestational weeks 24–28. Women with known diabetes and twin pregnancies
were excluded. Associations between glucose tolerance test results and pregnancy
outcomes were examined. According to the WHO 2013 thresholds, 32.4% of
women qualified as having gestational diabetes, the vast majority
(29.7%) based on an elevated fasting glucose level
(5.1–5.6 mmol/L), while only 2.8% had elevated
1- or 2-hour values or met more than one threshold. Women with only elevated
fasting glucose (impaired gestational fasting glycemia) had no evidence of
adverse pregnancy outcomes, while those with elevated 1- and/or 2-hour
values (impaired gestational glucose tolerance) had more pregnancy complications
(infection of urinary tract 1.8 vs. 8.8% p<0.001; preeclampsia
0.7 vs. 10.3% p<0.001) and emergency cesarean sections (4.4 vs.
13.2% p=0.002). Neonates from pregnancies with impaired
gestational glucose tolerance had lower APGARs, lower birth weights, lower
30 min glucose levels, and a lower probability of being discharged alive
(all p<0.05). In conclusion, the formal prevalence of gestational
diabetes is high in Tajikistan; however, this does not translate into adverse
pregnancy outcomes for women with impaired gestational fasting glycemia.
The Effect of Melatonin on Nasal Septal Wound Healing in an Experimental Animal Model
Authors: Çakan Doğan , Uşaklıoğlu Semih 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe purpose of our study was to examine the effect of melatonin (MLT) on wound healing in the nasal septum. Twenty-two Sprague–Dawley rats of the male sex were included in this experimental study. Nasal septal perforation (NSP), about 2 mm in diameter, was formed in each rat. MLT was applied topically to the subjects in the study group and saline was applied topically to the subjects in the control group once a day for 14 days. On day 14, the rats were sacrificed and the nasal septums of the subjects were resected for pathological evaluation. In the NSP area, degeneration and regeneration of nasal septal epithelium; degeneration and regeneration of the septal cartilage; number of cells involved in wound healing such as acute inflammatory cells (leukocytes), fibroblast, eosinophil, and giant cell; capillary vessel intensity; granulation tissue formation; and collagen intensity parameters were evaluated histopathologically. The macroscopic size and histopathologic examination results of NSPs were statistically analyzed. In the MLT group, the epithelium regeneration, cartilage regeneration, fibroblast number, collagen density, vascularity, and granulation formation were significantly higher, and the epithelial degeneration and acute inflammatory cells density were significantly lower, in the NSP area (p < 0.05). In addition, macroscopic healing was significantly higher in the MLT group (p = 0.044 and <0.05). Local application of MLT accelerates nasal septal wound healing. With this feature, the usage of MLT can be promising to prevent the formation of NSP.
Assistive Technology for Adults with Hearing Aids
Authors: Atcherson Samuel R. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAlthough there is a strong trend of satisfaction with hearing aids, recent consumer surveys indicate that there are still challenges with understanding speech in background noise and low penetration of wireless technologies using many modern-day communication and audio devices, such as smartphones, tablets, and computers. For some listening and communication settings, many patients could benefit from assistive technology that exceeds the capabilities of their hearing aids. When patients are not wearing their hearing aids, such as during sleep, concerns about environmental awareness and safety begin to arise. This article describes some current assistive technologies and accessories that facilitate accessibility to other devices and to satisfy the patient's listening and communication needs.