bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rheological and textural properties of dough made out of de‐oiled soya flour with application of different binding agents
Authors: Bhattacharjee Ayan , Kumar Devesh , Badwaik Laxmikant S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe present study was undertaken to check the suitability of by‐products of the soyabean oil industry, that is, de‐oiled soya cake for the development of soya flour dough, which could be utilized by the snack industry. As soya lacks gluten protein, which acts as a natural binder, different binding agents such as xanthan gum, guar gum, psyllium husk, and whey were used to get the desired malleable property, and their effect on the rheological and textural properties of soya flour dough was studied. The water/gel absorption capacity of de‐oiled soy flour dough was also investigated. The intake of gel in the case of guar gum and psyllium husk was recorded as 75.0 and 77.5 ml/100 g respectively. Whereas, in the case of xanthan gum, whey, and control, the water absorption by the dough was 117.0, 62.5, and 88.0 ml/100 g, respectively. The loss modulus (G″) value in the case of psyllium husk (56,614–53,426 Pa) aided dough is lower than the control (85,888–156,000 Pa) and other binding agents throughout the frequency range. This suggests that the energy required for the formulation of the sheet from the dough will be minimal compared with others. The dough extensibility was also studied and it was found that the extensibility of psyllium husk‐aided soy flour dough was maximum (7.5 ± 0.4 mm) with a minimum application of resistive force (0.71 ± 0.01 N) as compared to control. The dough made with the addition of psyllium husk was found to be most suitable considering the extensibility and malleability.Practical ApplicationsConventional soya‐based snack products are generally developed from dough that is fortified using cereals and pulses. However, there are limited studies available that focus on the development of dough providing only protein enrichment. This study will be helpful for the effective utilization of de‐oiled soya flour, which is a by‐product of the soybean oil industry, for the development of the dough. As soya lacks gluten protein, the development of dough with only soya flour and water is very difficult and the existing technology of extrusion for making such products is not cost‐effective. Hence, this study provides the alternative way for dough development with the application of different binding agents, ensuring the presence of soya as the basic ingredient in the dough, rather than one of the many ingredients. As psyllium husk exhibits better sheeting properties compared to other binding agents, the dough can be useful for developing different soy‐based snack products with less energy dissipation. Additionally, the present study also provides an alternative solution for developing gluten‐free products because of the increase in the number of people suffering from celiac disease.
Undertaking a research project improves confidence in research skills among student dietitians
Authors: Whelan Kevin , Castelli Kate R. , Trizio Camilla , Howard Oliver , Thomas Jane E. , Madden Angela M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundResearch is a cornerstone of evidence‐based dietetic practice. Research skills are often taught at university through experiential learning during a final‐year research project. The present study aimed to investigate attitudes towards research and confidence in research skills among student dietitians before and after a research project.MethodsA questionnaire survey of student dietitians’ attitudes to research and confidence in research skills was undertaken before and after completing a research project at two universities in London, UK. Dichotomous data were compared before and after the research project using a McNemar's test. Factors associated with ‘high confidence’ or ‘improved confidence’ in overall research skills at the end of the research project were investigated using multivariable logistic regression.ResultsIn total, 160 student dietitians completed a questionnaire before and after their research project. The majority had positive attitudes to research both before and after their research project. There was an increase in numbers with ‘high confidence’ in overall research skills before (13; 8.1%) and after (79; 49.4%) the research project (p < 0.001), and 113 (70.6%) reported ‘improved confidence’ in overall research skills. The only factor associated with ‘high confidence’ in overall research skills was having ‘high levels of involvement in the overall research process’ (odds ratio = 6.13, 95% confidence interval = 2.03–18.49, p = 0.001).ConclusionsStudent dietitians have positive attitudes towards research and undertaking a research project significantly improves confidence in their research skills. A higher level of involvement in the research project is the single most significant factor associated with high confidence in research skills.
Development and preliminary testing of the cancer‐related fatigue comprehensive assessment scale in cancer survivors
Authors: Li Shuaini , Gao Yating , Lin Ying , Wu Wanying , Fang Qunying , Ni Xiaosha , Zhou Yao , Hong Meirong , Zhang Ruolin , Lou Yan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundTailored management of cancer‐related fatigue (CRF) is important for effective coping; however, it has been hindered by the lack of a comprehensive tool that assesses both symptoms and treatable influencing factors.Aims and ObjectivesThe aim was to develop a cancer‐related fatigue comprehensive assessment scale (CRF‐CAS) and assess its psychometric properties.DesignThis was a mixed‐method study.MethodsThe study included two phases which were conducted in Zhejiang Province, China. In phase one, a literature search, brainstorming sessions, Delphi studies, cognitive interviews and a pilot study were conducted to construct and revise CRF‐CAS indicators. In phase two, a questionnaire‐based survey was conducted among cancer survivors. Item analysis was used to select and optimize indicators. Cronbach's α was calculated for reliability analysis. Validity analysis included concurrent validity and structural validity.ResultsA 93‐item tool was initially constructed. Phase one ended with revision and optimization. The preliminary scale included five dimensions (CRF symptoms, physical activity, cognitive‐emotional status, sleep status, nutritional status) and 30 items. The mean item‐content validity index (I‐CVI) and scale‐level CVI universal agreement (S‐CVI/UA) were .98, and the adjusted mean values of Kappa for indicators ranged from .91–1, as evaluated by the expert group. The Pearson correlation coefficient between the CRF‐CAS and criterion scales ranged from .337–.862. Cronbach's α coefficient ranged from .624–.728. Respondents agreed that the scale was acceptable for administration and that it contributed to decision‐making in fatigue management. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) indicated that the CRF‐CAS fit well.ConclusionsThe construction process of the CRF‐CAS, involving panel discussion and expert and participant evaluations, was shown to be scientific and feasible. The CRF‐CAS had relatively good validity and reliability in version 5 of its preliminary scale, which requires further improvement in future studies.
Concentration of power at the editorial boards of economics journals
Authors: Ductor Lorenzo , Visser Bauke 
Published: March 2022

AbstractUsing a unique dataset covering 106 economics journals over the period 1990–2011, we document trends in the incidence of multiple positions, editorial duration and institutional background for 6192 board members. We put these figures into perspective using the literature on boards of directors and measures of market concentration. The picture that emerges is of a discipline with a high concentration of institutional and individual power, especially at the more prestigious journals. Evidence suggests this indeed matters: there is a strong negative association between editorial duration and journal impact.
Rhetoric, Risk, and Investment: Letting the Numbers Speak for Themselves
Authors: McLeod Michael S. , Sears Joshua B. , Chandler Gaylen N. , Payne G. Tyge , Brigham Keith H. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIt is well established that words matter. Yet, there remains much that we do not understand about when and how words are best utilized in various business contexts. This study uses a mediation model to examine how investment risk influences the choice of different rhetorical frames – logos (logic), pathos (emotion), and ethos (character) – in the initial public offering (IPO) prospectus, and subsequently how rhetoric influences investment performance. We apply rhetorical theory to describe how authors use different amalgamations of words to frame messages to persuade audiences to engage in specific actions. Two key mechanisms of rhetorical theory that we investigate and build upon in this study are: 1) rhetoric reflects an author’s perspective of a context (i.e., perspective of the investment risk) and 2) the process through which cognitive resource limitations of authors and audiences influence outcomes. Specifically, we question whether these two mechanisms create a paradoxical situation where rhetoric that reflects the author’s perspective is not always the most effective approach given cognitive resource limitations. Based on a sample of 644 IPO firms, we find that using words that reflect the author’s perspective is not always the most persuasive. We posit that this is because investment authors fail to account for other communicative symbols (such as data and financial information) that can fulfill the role of more logic‐based rhetorical frames, thereby creating cognitive resource slack.
Disparities in oxygen saturation and hypoxic burden levels in obstructive sleep apnoea patient’s response to oral appliance treatment
Authors: Park Ji Woon , Almeida Fernanda R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundOxygen saturation indices show a strong correlation with long‐term health outcomes. Nonetheless, evidence on the relationship between reduction in respiratory events and increase in oxygenation levels following oral appliance (OA) treatment is scarce.ObjectivesTo verify the relationship between reduction in the apnoea‐hypopnoea index (AHI) and oxygen saturation levels following OA treatment, we have conducted an evaluation of polysomnography (PSG) and clinical parameters associated with the improvement of oxygen desaturation.MethodsOSA patients (n = 48) who received an OA and had pre‐ and post‐treatment PSG were classified into three responder groups according to the change in AHI and min O2 post‐treatment: responderAHIonly (decrease in AHI of ≥50% but increase in min O2 level of <4% or decrease); responderMinO2only (increase in min O2 level of ≥4% but decrease in AHI <50% or increase) and responderCongruous (decrease in AHI of ≥50% and increase in min O2 level of ≥4%). Various demographic and PSG variables were statistically compared among groups.ResultsThere were 26 (54.17%) responderAHIonly, 9 (18.75%) responderMinO2only and 13 (27.08%) responderCongruous. Pre‐treatment min O2 was significantly lower in responderMinO2only. A higher pre‐treatment min O2 showed a significant correlation with a smaller amount of change in mean O2 (r = −.486) and min O2 (r = −.764) with treatment. Pre‐treatment min O2 showed the strongest ability to predict those who would show a ≥4% min O2 increase following treatment.ConclusionCertain patients do not show sufficient decrease in hypoxaemia in spite of the improvement in AHI. Pre‐treatment min O2 should be considered in OA treatment planning regarding its close relation to improvements in oxygenation levels with treatment.
Detection of blood‐brain barrier dysfunction using advanced imaging methods to predict seizures in dogs with meningoencephalitis of unknown origin
Authors: Hanael Erez , Baruch Shelly , Chai Orit , Nir Zohar , Rapoport Kira , Ruggeri Marco , Eizenberg Itzhak , Peery Dana , Friedman Alon , Shamir Merav H. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe blood‐brain barrier (BBB), which separates the intravascular and neuropil compartments, characterizes the vascular bed of the brain and is essential for its proper function. Recent advances in imaging techniques have driven the development of methods for quantitative assessment of BBB permeability.Hypothesis/ObjectivesPermeability of the BBB can be assessed quantitatively in dogs with meningoencephalitis of unknown origin (MUO) and its status is associated with the occurrence of seizures.AnimalsForty dogs with MUO and 12 dogs without MUO.MethodsRetrospective, prospective cohort study. Both dynamic contrast enhancement (DCE) and subtraction enhancement analysis (SEA) methods were used to evaluate of BBB permeability in affected (DCE, n = 8; SEA, n = 32) and control dogs (DCE, n = 6; SEA, n = 6). Association between BBB dysfunction (BBBD) score and clinical characteristics was examined. In brain regions where BBBD was identified by DCE or SEA magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) analysis, immunofluorescent staining for albumin, glial fibrillary acidic protein, ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule, and phosphorylated mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2 were performed to detect albumin extravasation, reactive astrocytes, activated microglia, and transforming growth factor beta signaling, respectively.ResultsDogs with BBBD had significantly higher seizure prevalence (72% vs 19%; P = .01) when compared to MUO dogs with no BBBD. The addition of SEA to routine MRI evaluation increased the identification rate of brain pathology in dogs with MUO from 50% to 72%.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceImaging‐based assessment of BBB integrity has the potential to predict risk of seizures in dogs with MUO.
Extracellular tau oligomers affect extracellular glutamate handling by astrocytes through downregulation of GLT‐1 expression and impairment of NKA1A2 function
Authors: Li Puma Domenica Donatella , Ripoli Cristian , Puliatti Giulia , Pastore Francesco , Lazzarino Giacomo , Tavazzi Barbara , Arancio Ottavio , Piacentini Roberto , Grassi Claudio 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimsSeveral studies reported that astrocytes support neuronal communication by the release of gliotransmitters, including ATP and glutamate. Astrocytes also play a fundamental role in buffering extracellular glutamate in the synaptic cleft, thus limiting the risk of excitotoxicity in neurons. We previously demonstrated that extracellular tau oligomers (ex‐oTau), by specifically targeting astrocytes, affect glutamate‐dependent synaptic transmission via a reduction in gliotransmitter release. The aim of this work was to determine if ex‐oTau also impair the ability of astrocytes to uptake extracellular glutamate, thus further contributing to ex‐oTau‐dependent neuronal dysfunction.MethodsPrimary cultures of astrocytes and organotypic brain slices were exposed to ex‐oTau (200 nM) for 1 h. Extracellular glutamate buffering by astrocytes was studied by: Na+ imaging; electrophysiological recordings; high‐performance liquid chromatography; Western blot and immunofluorescence. Experimental paradigms avoiding ex‐oTau internalisation (i.e. heparin pre‐treatment and amyloid precursor protein knockout astrocytes) were used to dissect intracellular vs extracellular effects of oTau.ResultsEx‐oTau uploading in astrocytes significantly affected glutamate‐transporter‐1 expression and function, thus impinging on glutamate buffering activity. Ex‐oTau also reduced Na‐K‐ATPase activity because of pump mislocalisation on the plasma membrane, with no significant changes in expression. This effect was independent of oTau internalisation and it caused Na+ overload and membrane depolarisation in ex‐oTau‐targeted astrocytes.ConclusionsEx‐oTau exerted a complex action on astrocytes, at both intracellular and extracellular levels. The net effect was dysregulated glutamate signalling in terms of both release and uptake that relied on reduced expression of glutamate‐transporter‐1, altered function and localisation of NKA1A1, and NKA1A2. Consequently, Na+ gradients and all Na+‐dependent transports were affected.
Safety concern with electrical cardioversion of persistent atrial fibrillation with slow ventricular response
Authors: Park Jino , Seol Sang‐Hoon , Kim Dong‐Kie , Kim Seunghwan , Song Yeo‐Jeong , Kim Doo‐Il , Kim Ki‐Hun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRhythm control strategies in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) can bring many clinical benefits. However, there is still uncertainty regarding selection of the optimal rhythm control strategy for persistent AF. Chronicity, substrate alteration, and underlying bradyarrhythmias could influence the clinical outcomes. Current guidelines do not provide a distinct recommendation for electrical cardioversion (ECV) in patients with AF with a slow ventricular response (SVR). We present two cases of sudden cardiac arrest due to sustained ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation after ECV of persistent AF with SVR.
The embedded flexibility of Nordic labor market models under pressure from EU‐induced dualization—The case of posted work in Denmark and Sweden
Authors: Arnholtz Jens 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWhile many coordinated market economies have responded to internationalization by regulation that creates dualization between insiders and outsiders, the Nordic countries have opted for an embedded flexibilization in which strong unions and cooperative employers have combined flexibility and equality. However, in recent years, the Nordic countries have come under pressure from an EU‐induced dualization that has institutionalized mobile low‐wage workers as an outside group. This article presents case studies of how Denmark and Sweden have responded to these challenges. While political processes have been different in the two countries, pressure from EU regulation and changes in employers' incentive to compromise implies that there is now a specific category of low‐wage workers in both countries' otherwise egalitarian labor markets. The article, thus, contributes to the literature on dualization by highlighting the pressure coming from EU regulation rather than national policy.
Treatment through a preoperative anemia clinic is associated with a reduction in perioperative red blood cell transfusion in patients undergoing orthopedic and gynecologic surgery
Authors: Guinn Nicole R. , Fuller Matt , Murray Sutton , Aronson Solomon ,   the Duke Perioperative Enhancement Team (POET)
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundPreoperative anemia is associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and risk of transfusion. Treatment through a preoperative anemia clinic (PAC) may improve outcomes.Study Design and MethodsAdult patients undergoing elective orthopedic and gynecologic surgery with preoperative anemia were identified and referred for hemoglobin optimization with iron and/or erythropoietin from a single‐site academic health center. Treated patients were propensity matched to untreated controls and compared on outcomes of erythrocyte transfusion, length of stay (LOS), and readmission. Changes in hemoglobin relative to treatment time before surgery were also measured in the treated cohort.ResultsOne thousand three hundred thirty‐two patients were evaluated between July 2015 and March 2021, of which 161 underwent optimization through the PAC. After propensity matching, 127 (98 orthopedic and 29 gynecology) PAC‐treated patients were compared to 127 (98 orthopedic and 29 gynecology) control patients who did not undergo treatment. The primary outcome of perioperative transfusion was significantly lower in treated patients compared with matched controls (12.60% vs. 26.77%, p = .005). A lower LOS was demonstrated in the gynecologic PAC subgroup (2.2 [1.5, 2.4] vs. 3.1 [2.2, 3.4], p = .002). Each day of treatment time before surgery was associated with an increase of 0.040 g/dL hemoglobin (p < .001) until 65 days, after which further time did not increase hemoglobin.ConclusionTreatment through a preoperative anemia clinic is associated with a reduction in perioperative transfusion and possible reduction in LOS and readmission compared with matched controls. Additionally, treatment time before surgery is correlated with a greater increase in hemoglobin up until 2 months prior to surgery.
Antibodies against biotin‐labeled red blood cells can shorten posttransfusion survival
Authors: Mock Donald M. , Stowell Sean R. , Franco Robert S. , Kyosseva Svetlana V. , Nalbant Demet , Schmidt Robert L. , Cress Gretchen A. , Strauss Ronald G. , Cancelas José A. , von Goetz Melissa , North Anne K. , Widness John A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn hematologic and transfusion medicine research, measurement of red blood cell (RBC) in vivo kinetics must be safe and accurate. Recent reports indicate use of biotin‐labeled RBC (BioRBC) to determine red cell survival (RCS) offers substantial advantages over 51Cr and other labeling methods. Occasional induction of BioRBC antibodies has been reported.Study Design and MethodsTo investigate the causes and consequences of BioRBC immunization, we reexposed three previously immunized adults to BioRBC and evaluated the safety, antibody emergence, and RCS of BioRBC.ResultsBioRBC re‐exposure caused an anamnestic increase of plasma BioRBC antibodies at 5–7 days; all were subclass IgG1 and neutralized by biotinylated albumin, thus indicating structural specificity for the biotin epitope. Concurrently, specific antibody binding to BioRBC was observed in each subject. As biotin label density increased, the proportion of BioRBC that bound increased antibody also increased; the latter was associated with proportional accelerated removal of BioRBC labeled at density 6 μg/mL. In contrast, only one of three subjects exhibited accelerated removal of BioRBC density 2 μg/mL. No adverse clinical or laboratory events were observed. Among three control subjects who did not develop BioRBC antibodies following initial BioRBC exposure, re‐exposure induced neither antibody emergence nor accelerated BioRBC removal.DiscussionWe conclude re‐exposure of immunized subjects to BioRBC can induce anamnestic antibody response that can cause an underestimation of RCS. To minimize chances of antibody induction and underestimation of RCS, we recommend an initial BioRBC exposure volume of ≤10 mL and label densities of ≤18 μg/mL.