bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Theileria annulata histone deacetylase 1 (TaHDAC1) initiates schizont to merozoite stage conversion
Authors: Tajeri Shahin , Momeux Laurence , Saintpierre Benjamin , Mfarrej Sara , Chapple Alexander , Mourier Tobias , Shiels Brian , Ariey Frédéric , Pain Arnab , Langsley Gordon 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA fungal metabolite, FR235222, specifically inhibits a histone deacetylase of the apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma gondii and TgHDAC3 has emerged as a key factor regulating developmental stage transition in this species. Here, we exploited FR235222 to ask if changes in histone acetylation regulate developmental stage transition of Theileria annulata, another apicomplexan species. We found that FR235222 treatment of T. annulata-infected transformed leukocytes induced a proliferation arrest. The blockade in proliferation was due to drug-induced conversion of intracellular schizonts to merozoites that lack the ability to maintain host leukocyte cell division. Induction of merogony by FR235222 leads to an increase in expression of merozoite-marker (rhoptry) proteins. RNA-seq of FR235222-treated T. annulata-infected B cells identified deregulated expression of 468 parasite genes including a number encoding parasite ApiAP2 transcription factors. Thus, similar to T. gondii, FR235222 inhibits T. annulata HDAC (TaHDAC1) activity and places parasite histone acetylation as a major regulatory event of the transition from schizonts to merozoites.
Time trends and projected obesity epidemic in Brazilian adults between 2006 and 2030
Authors: Estivaleti José Matheus , Guzman-Habinger Juan , Lobos Javiera , Azeredo Catarina Machado , Claro Rafael , Ferrari Gerson , Adami Fernando , Rezende Leandro F. M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe examined time trends and projected obesity epidemic in Brazilian adults between 2006 and 2030 by sex, race/skin color, educational attainment, and state capitals. Self-reported body weight and height of 730,309 adults (≥ 18 years) from the Vigitel study were collected by telephone interview between 2006 and 2019. A multinomial logistic regression model was used to predict the prevalence of body mass index (BMI) categories as a function of time by 2030. The prevalence of obesity increased from 11.8% in 2006 to 20.3% in 2019. The projected prevalences by 2030 are estimated to be 68.1% for overweight, 29.6% for obesity, and 9.3% for obesity classes II and III. Women, black and other minority ethnicities, middle-aged adults, adults with ≤ 7 years of education, and in Northern and Midwestern capitals are estimated to have higher obesity prevalence by 2030. Our findings indicate a sustained increase in the obesity epidemic in all sociodemographic subgroups and across the country. Obesity may reach three out of 10 adults by 2030.
Backtracing the internal rotation history of the β Cep star HD 129929
Authors: Salmon S. J. A. J. , Moyano F. D. , Eggenberger P. , Haemmerlé L. , Buldgen G. 
Published: July 2022

Context. HD 129929 is a slowly rotating β Cephei pulsator with a rich spectrum of detected oscillations, including two rotational multiplets. The asteroseismic interpretation revealed the presence of radial differential rotation in this massive star of ∼9.35 M⊙. The stellar core is indeed estimated to spin ∼3.6 times faster than the surface. The surface rotation was consequently derived as v ∼ 2 km s−1. This massive star represents an ideal counterpart to the wealth of space-based photometry results for main-sequence and evolved low-mass stars. Those latter stars have revealed a new, and often unexpected, picture of the angular momentum transport processes acting in stellar interiors.
Aims. We investigate in a new way the constraints on the internal rotation of HD 129929, as a marker of the evolution of the internal rotation during the main sequence of a massive star. We test both hydrodynamic and magnetic instability transport processes of angular momentum.
Methods. We used the best asteroseismic model obtained in an earlier work. We calibrated stellar models including rotation, with different transport processes, to reproduce that reference model. We then looked to determine whether one process is favoured to reproduce the rotation profile of HD 129929, based on the fit of the asteroseismic multiplets.
Results. The impact of the Tayler magnetic instability on the angular momentum transport predicts a ratio of the core-to-surface rotation rate of only 1.6, while the recently revised prescription of this mechanism predicts solid-body rotation. Both are too low in comparison with the asteroseismic inference. The models with only hydrodynamic processes are in good agreement with the asteroseismic measurements. Strikingly, we can also get a constraint on the profile of rotation on the zero age main sequence: likely, the ratio between the core and surface rotation was at least ∼1.7.
Conclusions. Transport of angular momentum by the Tayler magnetic instability is discarded for this star. The models with pure hydrodynamical processes reproduce the asteroseismic constraints. This result is specific to a slow rotator and has to be verified more generally in other massive main-sequence stars. Constraints on the rotation in earlier stages of this star also offer a new opportunity to test the impact of accretion during the pre-main sequence evolution.
Nitrogen fractionation towards a pre-stellar core traces isotope-selective photodissociation
Authors: Spezzano S. , Caselli P. , Sipilä O. , Bizzocchi L. 
Published: July 2022

Context. Isotopologue abundance ratios are important to understand the evolution of astrophysical objects and ultimately the origins of a planetary system such as our own. With nitrogen being a fundamental ingredient of pre-biotic material, understanding its chemistry and inheritance is of fundamental importance to understand the formation of the building blocks of life.
Aims. We aim to study the 14N/15N ratio in HCN, HNC, and CN across the prototypical pre-stellar core L1544. This study allows us to test the proposed fractionation mechanisms for nitrogen.
Methods. We present here single-dish observations of the ground state rotational transitions of the 13C and 15N isotopologues of HCN, HNC, and CN with the IRAM 30 m telescope. We analyse their column densities and compute the 14N/15N ratio map across the core for HCN. The 15N fractionation of CN and HNC is computed towards different offsets across L1544.
Results. The 15N-fractionation map of HCN towards a pre-stellar core is presented here for the first time. Our map shows a very clear decrease in the 14N/15N ratio towards the southern edge of L1544, where carbon chain molecules present a peak, strongly suggesting that isotope-selective photodissociation has a strong effect on the fractionation of nitrogen across pre-stellar cores. The 14N/15N ratio in CN measured towards four positions across the core also shows a decrease towards the south-east of the core, while HNC shows the opposite behaviour. We also measured the 12CN/13CN ratio towards four positions across the core.
Conclusions. The uneven illumination of the pre-stellar core L1544 provides clear evidence that 15N fractionation of HCN and CN is enhanced towards the region more exposed to the interstellar radiation field. Isotope-selective photodissociation of N2 is then a crucial process to understand 15N fractionation, as already found in protoplanetary disks. Therefore, the 15N fractionation in pre-stellar material is expected to change depending on the environment within which pre-stellar cores are embedded. The 12CN/13CN ratio also varies across the core, but its variation does not affect our conclusions as to the effect of the environment on the fractionation of nitrogen. Nevertheless, the interplay between the carbon and nitrogen fractionation across the core warrants follow-up studies.
A Comparison of Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time and Activated Coagulation Time for Anticoagulation Monitoring during Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Therapy
Authors: Liu Ying , Yuan Zhiyong , Han Xiaoning , Song Kai , Xing Jinyan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background Unfractionated heparin is used to prevent coagulation activation in patients undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support. We designed this study to determine the preferable indicator for anticoagulation monitoring.
Methods We conducted a retrospective study and divided the patients into an activated coagulation time (ACT)-target group and an activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)-target group. The correlations between ACT, aPTT, and the heparin dose were explored.
Results Thirty-six patients were included (19 aPTT-target and 17 ACT-target patients); a total of 555 matched pairs of ACT/aPTT results were obtained. The correlation between the ACT and aPTT measurements was Spearman's Rank Correlation Coefficient (rs) = 0.518 in all 555 pairs. The Bland–Altman plot showed data points outside the displayed range (51.2–127.7), suggesting that the agreement between ACT and aPTT was poor. The aPTT group had fewer heparin dose changes (2.12 ± 0.68 vs. 2.57 ± 0.64, p = 0.05) and a lower cumulative heparin dose (317.6 ± 108.5 vs. 396.3 ± 144.3, p = 0.00) per day than the ACT group. There was no difference in serious bleeding (9 vs. 5; p = 0.171) or embolism events (3 vs. 3; p = 1.0) or in the red blood cell and fresh frozen plasma transfusion volumes between the ACT- and aPTT-target groups. Similarly, there was no significant difference in the ECMO duration (9 [4–15] days vs. 4 [3–14] days; p = 0.124) or length of ICU hospitalization (17 [5–32] days vs. 13 [4–21] days; p = 0.451) between the groups.
Conclusion The correlation between ACT and aPTT and the heparin dose was poor. The aPTT group had fewer daily heparin dose changes and a lower cumulative heparin dose per day than the ACT group, with no more bleeding and thrombotic events. Therefore, we recommend aPTT rather than ACT to adjust heparin dose in the absence of better monitoring indicators.
Heavy Load of Intestinal Fluke in a Four-Year-Old Child with Severe Acute Malnutrition: A Case Report
Authors: Deka Sangeeta , Kalita Deepjyoti , Hazarika Naba Kumar 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFasciolopsiasis, a food-borne intestinal parasitosis, occurs focally, and remains a significant public health problem in endemic areas. However, due to the wide spectrum of clinical presentation and unclear diagnosis or even misdiagnosis, it often goes unreported. The correlation between trematode infection and malnutrition is also often debated. We report a case of heavy infection of Fasciolopsis buski in a 4-year-old girl with severe acute malnutrition (SAM). The patient presented with a passage of many adult worms per stool following the consumption of some herbal concoction. A wet mount of the stool revealed ova of Fasciolopsis buski. She was treated successfully with praziquantel and food supplements. It raises the possibility of unidentified cases in this region and necessitates more extensive studies in the targeted population. This will also help raise awareness of fasciolopsiasis among clinicians, especially in vulnerable populations such as malnourished children.
Audiologic Assessment
Authors: Benson Emily A. , Messersmith Jessica J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPrior to the fitting of hearing aids, clinicians and patients must discuss the best treatment options for the physical and audiologic needs of the patients. To be able to confidently make these decisions, the clinician should complete a medical and audiological case history. Additionally, clinicians need accurate results from a comprehensive audiologic evaluation. The evaluation should include the following: pure-tone testing, word recognition testing, speech-in-noise testing, and loudness discomfort level measures. This article will outline the process and procedures for acquiring this information in line with the Audiology Practice Standards Organization (APSO) Guidelines for Adult Hearing Aid Fittings Standards 1 and 4. This article will also discuss how results can affect decision-making during the hearing aid selection and fitting process.
PIT POP! Bursting the bubble on home-range bias with fine-scale PIT telemetry
Authors: Allan Hugh , Duncan Richard P. , Unmack Peter , White Duanne , Lintermans Mark 
Published: July 2022

Context Improved tracking technologies increase understanding of fish movement, but care is required when comparing studies of different design. Aims We used an approach that allowed fine-scale tracking to compare results from individual-tracking designs to simulated batch-marking designs. Methods Adult Galaxias tantangara (a small freshwater fish) individuals were tagged with 9-mm PIT tags in a small headwater stream and tracked with an accuracy of 1 lineal metre. To evaluate differences between common study designs, data were re-analysed to simulate both batch-marking section size and tracking resolution between 1 and 250 m. Key results Home-range estimates decreased with a smaller section size and tracking resolution. Batch-marking simulations differed in 99% of cases, whereas individual tracking simulations differed in only 17% of comparisons. Comparisons between different methods were rarely statistically equivalent, being so only when section size or resolution was less than 4 m. Implications Importantly, batch-marking studies are often likely to overestimate home-range size, and results from different studies may be comparable only when resolution is very fine or identical, even if the same method was used.
Communicative anxiety among Korean immigrants in Australia
Authors: Jee Min Jung 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study investigated levels of communicative anxiety (CA) among three generations of Korean immigrants (i.e., first, 1.5, and second generation) in Australia. A survey asking about their levels of CA in Korean (i.e., heritage language) and in English (i.e., majority language) was completed by 137 Korean immigrants. Some of the survey respondents participated in the open-ended questions and interviews, which asked about anxiety-arousing situations and coping strategies. Overall, all three generations of Koreans showed very low levels of CA in Korean. Regarding CA in English, the first-generation group showed a moderate level of anxiety whereas the second-generation group showed a very low level of anxiety. The 1.5-generation group revealed relatively low levels, but still ‘some’ degree of CA in both Korean and English. Among many contexts, public speaking provoked the most anxiety, both in Korean and English, and for all three generations. Various linguistic and socio-emotional reasons interplayed, and strategies similar to those used by successful foreign or second language learners were reported.
Three-dimensional photoelectron holography with trichromatic polarization-tailored laser pulses
Authors: Köhnke D , Eickhoff K , Bayer T , Wollenhaupt M 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We present a three-dimensional (3D) photoelectron wave packet holography scheme based on polarization-tailored trichromatic femtosecond laser pulses for the determination of quantum phases in atomic multiphoton ionization (MPI). Experimentally, we combine supercontinuum polarization pulse shaping with photoelectron tomography for the reconstruction of the 3D photoelectron momentum distribution (PMD). To demonstrate the 3D photoelectron holography scheme, we superimpose a sculptured wave packet encoding a relative continuum phase with a reference wave packet. In particular, we create a sculptured angular momentum superposition wave packet by (2 + 1) resonance-enhanced MPI of potassium atoms using a counter-rotating circularly polarized bichromatic pulse sequence. The sculptured wave packet, consisting of states with different orbital angular momentum quantum numbers, interferes with the reference wave packet generated by direct three-photon ionization with a circularly polarized pulse of the third color. Depending on the circularity of the reference pulse, interference of both wave packets gives rise to 3D photoelectron holograms with c
2 or c
4 rotational symmetry in the laser polarization plane, i.e., in the azimuthal direction. In the polar direction, the azimuthal interference pattern undergoes a phase-shift revealing the relative quantum phase between the p- and f-type continuum partial waves in the sculptured wave packet. We determine the relative continuum phase by fitting the parameters of an analytical model of the hologram to the measured 3D PMD and confirm the result by direct extraction of the continuum phase difference from the polar-angle-dependent azimuthal phase-shift of the photoelectron angular distribution.
Defect data image enhancement method based on all-focus imaging algorithm
Authors: Xie Yun , Zhou Lujing , Zhang Xiaobin , Wu Jinhu , Dou Jiaming 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
When the total focus imaging (TFM) algorithm is oriented to multi-layer media, the energy attenuation of the sound beam in the wedge coupling model results in a decrease in detection energy and imaging reliability. In this paper, a new defect data image enhancement method is proposed to calibrate the full-focus imaging model: the attenuation coefficients of different emission-received acoustic beams in the coupled model were measured by the plexiglass reflection method, and the whole matrix captured data were reconstructed. To enhance the image of defect data, multi-threshold fusion is proposed to eliminate the artifacts in the imaging region, especially the noise artifacts in the near field region. Experimental results show that compared with the traditional full-focus imaging algorithm, the self-built algorithm model proposed in this paper greatly improves the energy attenuation problem at the defect with large deflection angle. Especially in the range of excellent detection results, the energy uniformity of the defect is significantly improved, which has a certain inhibitory effect on the artifacts near the defect. The subsequent artifact elimination work improved the defect characterization ability and image signal-to-noise ratio of fully focused images while the effect of near-field artifact elimination was significant.
Visualization deep learning model for automatic arrhythmias classification
Authors: Jiang Mingfeng , Qiu Yujie , Zhang Wei , Zhang Jucheng , Wang Zhefeng , Ke Wei , Wu Yongquan , Wang Zhikang 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Objective. With the improvement of living standards, heart disease has become one of the common diseases that threaten human health. Electrocardiography (ECG) is an effective way of diagnosing cardiovascular diseases. With the rapid growth of ECG examinations and the shortage of cardiologists, accurate and automatic arrhythmias classification has become a research hotspot. The main purpose of this paper is to improve accuracy in detecting abnormal ECG patterns. Approach. A hybrid 1D Resnet-GRU method, consisting of the Resnet and gated recurrent unit (GRU) modules, is proposed to implement classification of arrhythmias from 12-lead ECG recordings. In addition, the focal Loss function is used to solve the problem of unbalanced datasets. Based on the proposed 1D Resnet-GRU model, we use class-discriminative visualization to improve interpretability and transparency as an additional step. In this paper, the Grad-CAM++ mechanism has been employed to the trained network model and generate thermal images superimposed on raw signals to explore underlying explanations of various ECG segments. Main results. The experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve a high score of 0.821 (F1-score) in classifying 9 kinds of arrythmias, and Grad-CAM++ not only provides insight into the predictive power of the model, but is also consistent with the diagnostic approach of the arrhythmia classification. Significance. The proposed method can effectively select and integrate ECG features to achieve the goal of end-to-end arrhythmia classification by using 12-lead ECG signals, which can serve a promising and useful way for automatic arrhythmia classification, and can provide an explainable deep leaning model for clinical diagnosis.
On the interactions between three fireballs in low-temperature plasma*
Authors: Irimiciuc Stefan Andrei , Konrad-Soare Claudia Teodora , Dimitriu Dan Gheorghe , Ionita Codrina , Schrittwieser Roman Wolfgang 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Extensive experimental investigations have been carried out on the interaction between three plasma fireballs in low-temperature plasma. The particle dynamics within the plasma space charge formations and the exchange between them have been investigated. Cold Langmuir probe measurements were taken showing the influence of the fireballs on the background plasma parameters. The current oscillations show specific frequencies for the dynamic states of the fireballs, where periodic expulsion and backflow of ions occur near the surrounding double layer. Interaction maxima or resonance phenomena are revealed at specific distances between the electrodes.
DC-driven positive streamer coronas in airflow
Authors: Martell Benjamin C , Strobel Lee R , Guerra-Garcia Carmen 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
An experimental study of the effect of airflow on positive self-pulsating streamer coronas in a needle-to-plate geometry is presented. The experiments are performed in an open return wind tunnel with winds up to 30 m s−1 orthogonal to the needle. The experimental data is presented in terms of statistical properties of the discharge, inferred from high resolution, large sample-size current waveforms. The key properties of the current pulsations, namely inter-pulse period, peak current, deposited energy, and pulse width are analyzed as a function of wind speed and applied DC voltage. All parameters increase in dispersion with wind speed. The mean of the inter-pulse period decreases with wind speed and the mean pulsation frequency increases. The peak currents and energies per pulsation have a general tendency to decrease in magnitude but also higher-current, higher-energy, streamer bursts are observed. At low wind speeds, streamers preferentially propagate in the downwind direction but, as the wind speed is increased, more streamers can propagate upwind. The measurements are interpreted using an analytical model of charge transport.
Smart hydrogel with rapid self-healing and controlled release attributes for biomedical applications
Authors: Deka Rishikesh , Boruah Plabita , Ali Asadulla Asraf , Dutta Rupjyoti , Gogoi Parikshit , Sarmah Jayanta K 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
A novel shear-thinning cross-linked hydrogel (HG) of polyvinyl alcohol and guar gum has been developed. The HG exhibited a fast self-healing ability within 60 s to bear deformation and possessed excellent stretchability and thermoresponsive properties. The HG was loaded with AgNPs using the in-situ cross-linking method to form the HG composite (HGC). SEM study revealed that the surface of the HG transformed from a dense and non-porous structure to an unordered and porous structure in the HGC suitable for immobilization of the AgNPs. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy deconvolution study confirmed the presence of silver in the HGC. The cumulative release of silver nanoparticles from HGC was investigated and found that about 15% of the loaded Ag is released over five days. Ag release data fitment to various mathematical models specified that the Ag release profile is explained best by the Korsmeyer–Peppas model which revealed that the release of Ag from the HG was mainly administered by diffusion. The diffusion constant was calculated to be 5.1

×

10

−
6

cm2 s−1, indicative of an excellent controlled release system. The synthesized HGC can exhibit antibacterial activity on both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The release mechanism and effective antibacterial activity support the synergic structure-property correlation of the HG and HGC.