bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Housing mobility protects against alcohol use for children with socioemotional health vulnerabilities: An experimental design
Authors: Thyden Naomi H. , Schmidt Nicole M. , Joshi Spruha , Kim Huiyun , Nelson Toben F. , Osypuk Theresa L. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPurposeNeighborhood context may influence alcohol use, but effects may be heterogeneous, and prior evidence is threatened by confounding. We leveraged a housing voucher experiment to test whether housing vouchers' effects on alcohol use differed for families of children with and without socioemotional health or socioeconomic vulnerabilities.Trial designIn the Moving to Opportunity (MTO) study, low‐income families in public housing in five US cities were randomized in 1994 to 1998 to receive one of three treatments: (1) a housing voucher redeemable in a low‐poverty neighborhood plus housing counseling, (2) a housing voucher without locational restriction, or (3) no voucher (control). Alcohol use was assessed 10 to 15 years later (2008 to 2010) in youth ages 13 to 20, N = 4600, and their mothers, N = 3200.MethodsUsing intention‐to‐treat covariate‐adjusted regression models, we interacted MTO treatment with baseline socioemotional health vulnerabilities, testing modifiers of treatment on alcohol use.ResultsWe found treatment effect modification by socioemotional factors. For youth, MTO voucher treatment, compared with controls, reduced the odds of ever drinking alcohol if youth had behavior problems (OR = 0.26, 95% CI [0.09, 0.72]) or problems at school (OR = 0.46, [0.26, 0.82]). MTO low‐poverty treatment (vs. controls) also reduced the number of drinks if their health required special medicine/equipment (OR = 0.50 [0.32, 0.80]). Yet treatment effects were nonsignificant among youth without socioemotional vulnerabilities. Among mothers of children with learning problems, MTO voucher treatment (vs. controls) reduced past‐month drinking (OR = 0.69 [0.47, 0.99]), but was harmful otherwise (OR = 1.22 [0.99, 1.45]).ConclusionsFor low‐income adolescents with special needs/socioemotional problems, housing vouchers protect against alcohol use.
Systematic review and meta‐analysis on the association between theory of mind and alcohol problems in non‐clinical samples
Authors: Kumar Lakshmi , Skrzynski Carillon J. , Creswell Kasey G. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundDeficits in theory of mind (ToM) found in individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) are often thought to result from prolonged heavy alcohol use. However, links between deficits in ToM and greater alcohol problems are often also present in non‐clinical samples (e.g., adolescents and young adults) who may not have a similar long‐lasting history of alcohol consumption as individuals with AUD. The current study is the first to systematically review and meta‐analyze results from studies examining associations between lower ToM and greater alcohol problems in non‐clinical samples. Evidence of reliable associations in these non‐clinical samples would support the idea that deficits in ToM might also precede the emergence of AUD.MethodsPsycINFO, PubMed, and Google Scholar were searched according to our preregistered International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) protocol (CRD42021225392) and following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) methodology. We systematically reviewed sample characteristics and ToM measures in identified articles. We then meta‐analyzed the findings of association between ToM and alcohol problems in non‐clinical samples using random effects models.ResultsNearly all studies used a measure of ToM that assessed the ability to infer the mental states of others based on eye region cues. Meta‐analytic results demonstrated that lower ToM was associated with more alcohol problems (r = −0.16, k = 6, CI = [−0.26, −0.04], p < 0.01, Q = 15.55, I2 = 67.85), and there was significant heterogeneity across studies. Gender (ß = 0.0003, CI = [−0.006, 0.007], z = 0.09, p = 0.93), age (ß = −0.008, CI = [−0.03, 0.01], z = −0.82, p = 0.42), and study quality (ß = −0.10, CI = [−0.35, 0.15], z = −0.82, p = 0.41) did not explain the heterogeneity.ConclusionIn non‐clinical samples, lower ToM is associated with more alcohol problems, indicative of a small effect size. Future longitudinal studies are needed to explore whether socio‐cognitive deficits may also serve as a risk factor for alcohol misuse.
The impact of prenatal alcohol and/or tobacco exposure on brain structure in a large sample of children from a South African birth cohort
Authors: Marshall Andrew T. , Bodison Stefanie C. , Uban Kristina A. , Adise Shana , Jonker Deborah , Charles Weslin , Donald Kirsten A. , Kan Eric , Ipser Jonathan C. , Butler‐Kruger Letitia , Steigelmann Babette , Narr Katherine L. , Joshi Shantanu H. , Brink Lucy T. , Odendaal Hein J. , Scheffler Freda , Stein Dan J. , Sowell Elizabeth R. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundNeuroimaging studies have emphasized the impact of prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) on brain development, traditionally in heavily exposed participants. However, less is known about how naturally occurring community patterns of PAE (including light to moderate exposure) affect brain development, particularly in consideration of commonly occurring concurrent impacts of prenatal tobacco exposure (PTE).MethodsThree hundred thirty‐two children (ages 8 to 12) living in South Africa's Cape Flats townships underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging. During pregnancy, their mothers reported alcohol and tobacco use, which was used to evaluate PAE and PTE effects on their children's brain structure. Analyses involved the main effects of PAE and PTE (and their interaction) and the effects of PAE and PTE quantity on cortical thickness, surface area, and volume.ResultsAfter false‐discovery rate (FDR) correction, PAE was associated with thinner left parahippocampal cortices, while PTE was associated with smaller cortical surface area in the bilateral pericalcarine, left lateral orbitofrontal, right posterior cingulate, right rostral anterior cingulate, left caudal middle frontal, and right caudal anterior cingulate gyri. There were no PAE × PTE interactions nor any associations of PAE and PTE exposure on volumetrics that survived FDR correction.ConclusionPAE was associated with reduction in the structure of the medial temporal lobe, a brain region critical for learning and memory. PTE had stronger and broader associations, including with regions associated with executive function, reward processing, and emotional regulation, potentially reflecting continued postnatal exposure to tobacco (i.e., second‐hand smoke exposure). These differential effects are discussed with respect to reduced PAE quantity in our exposed group versus prior studies within this geographical location, the deep poverty in which participants live, and the consequences of apartheid and racially and economically driven payment practices that contributed to heavy drinking in the region. Longer‐term follow‐up is needed to determine potential environmental and other moderators of the brain findings here and assess the extent to which they endure over time.
What the Welfare State Left Behind—Securing the Capability to Move for the Vulnerable
Authors: Gotoh Reiko , Kambayashi Ryo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe purpose of the present paper is to measure the disadvantage of the vulnerable in contemporary Japan, focusing on their capabilities in moving both outside and inside the home. Our research interest is to find a new informational base other than consumption expenditure, which provides a strong clue about how to assess the eligibility for social support. We examine theoretical methods to apply the capability approach empirically, extending existing multidimensional poverty measurements. We find that people with disabilities and nursing care users are significantly restricted in their capabilities. The elderly in general, whom we have used as a reference group, are also in a precarious situation.
Retrospective audit: Utility of PET scan in routine preoperative rectal cancer staging
Authors: Chen Michelle Zhiyun , Zhang Xinyi , Mui Milton , Kong Joseph C. H. , Heriot Alexander G. , Ellis‐Clark Jodie 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundAccurate staging for rectal cancer is pertinent with recent introduction of rectum‐sparing approaches for patients showing complete clinical response on restaging. Positron emission tomography(PET) is used in detection of recurrence or metastasis, but its value in routine preoperative rectal cancer staging remains unclear. Studies report that preoperative PET altered the stage in 39% and changed the management in 17–27% of patients. Our study aims to look at the utility of PET in routine preoperative staging of rectal cancer within 2 two colorectal units, and to determine if PET did result in a change in management.MethodsPatients in Nepean Hospital (NSW) and Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre (VIC) who were diagnosed with rectal cancer between 1 January 2017 and 31 December 2021 were included in this retrospective study. All patients who did not have a PET scan were excluded. PET scan results were then compared with MRI and CT results.ResultsThree hundred and fifty‐seven patients were included in the study. 30.3% of the patients had Stage 3 rectal cancer. 71.7% received neoadjuvant therapy. PET scan provided additional information in 55.5% of patients when compared with CT and MRI alone; 18.2% of the PET findings resulted in an altered management for the patient.ConclusionPET scan can be a valuable tool in accurate staging, especially for ambiguous or equivocal lesions on CT. Our study demonstrated that additional information from PET scan resulted in an altered management plan in 18.2% of the patients. PET/MRI as a newer modality may be more accurate with reduced radiation exposure.
Expertise reversal effect in a pen‐tablet‐based learning environment: The role of learningcentered emotions in the interplay between learner expertise and task complexity
Authors: Schrader Claudia , Kalyuga Slava 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe study investigated interactions between learner expertise and task complexity evaluated from both cognitive and affective perspectives. One hundred and seventy‐three students, both novices and advanced learners, were asked to learn Japanese writing in a pen‐tablet‐based digital learning environment with varying task complexity levels. Cognitive load and learning‐centred emotions were measured at intervals during learning, while writing performance was monitored by runtime tracking. Results indicated that while advanced learners performed better than novices across the range of task complexity, the moderate task complexity was shown to be superior in enhancing performance for both levels of expertise. Results for learning‐centred emotions showed that advanced learners reported lower enjoyment and higher frustration when completing the low complexity task, whereas the moderately complex task was reported to be the most enjoyable and less frustrating for these learners. No significant difference in emotions was found across levels of task complexity for novices. Finally, a constructed composite indicator of cognitive‐affective efficiency of instructional conditions showed a significant interaction between levels of learner expertise and task complexity primarily caused by affective factors.
Reciprocal effects of mathematics performance, school engagement and burnout during adolescence
Authors: Widlund Anna , Tuominen Heta , Korhonen Johan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundTransitioning into adolescence while simultaneously facing greater academic demands as the level of education increases often entails both academic challenges and general declines in students' school‐related well‐being. Still, however, relatively little is known about the causal relationship between students' academic well‐being (i.e., school engagement and burnout) and their performance during the adolescent years.AimsThis study examined longitudinal relations between adolescents' mathematics performance, school engagement and burnout (exhaustion, cynicism and inadequacy) across lower secondary education.SampleData came from a longitudinal research project, following Finnish lower secondary school (grades 7–9) students (N = 1131) over 4 years (2016–2019).MethodsStudents completed standardized mathematics tests and self‐report measures of school engagement and burnout at four time points, twice within both 7th and 9th grade. A random intercept cross‐lagged panel model (RI‐CLPM) was used to examine pathways between engagement, burnout and mathematics performance over time.ResultsHigher mathematics performance increased students' engagement and lowered their exhaustion and cynicism over time, whereas both engagement and exhaustion predicted higher performance. Negative relations were also found from inadequacy and cynicism on students' mathematics performance. Furthermore, school burnout predicted engagement both positively (from exhaustion) and negatively (from cynicism and inadequacy) within and between the school years, whereas engagement only predicted cynicism and inadequacy negatively within 7th grade.ConclusionsFindings suggest that the overall relation between students' mathematics performance, engagement and burnout is rather reciprocal, but also, that the relations become more prominent over time, demonstrating the importance of supporting both learning and well‐being in school.
Irradiation‐free, T‐cell replete haploidentical transplant for Fanconi anaemia, weighing the benefits
Authors: Connelly James A. , Savani Bipin N. 
Published: September 2022

The optimal haploidentical haematopoietic cell transplant approach for Fanconi anaemia (FA) patients is not well established, given the rarity of the disease, the increased sensitivity to DNA‐damaging agents and the high risk of severe graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD). The report by Xu et al. suggests that excellent engraftment and short‐term survival can be achieved in FA patients without irradiation, but their retrospective cohort was plagued by a high rate of severe GVHD. Our commentary explores the outcomes in T‐cell replete haploidentical haematopoietic cell transplant and ponders whether elimination of total body irradiation in FA patients is the best method if it limits the ability to safely administer post‐transplant cyclophosphamide.Commentary on: Xu et al. Unmanipulated haploidentical haematopoietic cell transplantation with radiation‐free conditioning in Fanconi anaemia: A retrospective analysis from the Chinese Blood and Marrow Transplantation Registry Group. Br J Haematol. 2022;199:401–410.
Incidence, prevalence and survival in patients with Langerhans cell histiocytosis: A national registry study from England, 2013–2019
Authors: Liu Hanhua , Stiller Charles A. , Crooks Colin J. , Rous Brian , Bythell Mary , Broggio John , Rankin Judith , Nanduri Vasanta , Lanyon Peter , Card Tim R. , Ban Lu , Elliss‐Brookes Lucy , Broughan Jennifer M. , Paley Lizz , Wong Kwok , Bacon Andrew , Bishton Mark , West Joe 
Published: September 2022

SummaryThis analysis is the largest population‐based study to date to provide contemporary and comprehensive epidemiological estimates of all third edition of the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology (ICD‐O‐3) coded Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) from England. People of all ages were identified from the National Cancer Registration Dataset using ICD‐O‐3 morphologies 9751–9754 for neoplasms diagnosed in 2013–2019. A total of 658 patients were identified, of whom 324 (49%) were children aged <15 years. The age‐standardised incidence rate was 4.46 (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.99–4.98) per million children and 1.06 (95% CI 0.94–1.18) per million adults aged ≥15 years. Prevalence of LCH was 9.95 (95% CI 9.14–10.81) per million persons at the end of 2019. The 1‐year overall survival (OS) was 99% (95% CI 97%–100%) for children and 90% (95% CI 87%–93%) for adults. Those aged ≥60 years had poorer OS than those aged <15 years (hazard ratio [HR] 22.12, 95% CI 7.10–68.94; p < 0.001). People in deprived areas had lower OS than those in the least deprived areas (HR 5.36, 95% CI 1.16–24.87; p = 0.03). There will inevitably be other environmental factors and associations yet to be identified, and the continued standardised data collection will allow further evaluation of data over time. This will be increasingly important with developments in LCH management following the large collaborative international trials such as LCH IV.
Autism and education—The role of Europeanisation in South‐Eastern Europe: Policy mapping in Bulgaria, Romania and Croatia
Authors: van Kessel Robin , Massrali Aicha , Vom Felde Genannt Imbusch Paulina , Dragu Ana , Brayne Carol , Baron‐Cohen Simon , Czabanowska Katarzyna , Roman‐Urrestarazu Andres 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSouth‐Eastern Europe only recently was required to adapt their domestic law to adhere to European Union legislations and standards. As such, it forms an excellent case study on how and to what extent the ‘Europeanisation’ process is interacting with the development of special education needs (SEN) policy, particularly focusing on autistic children. This scoping review mapped autism and special education policies of Bulgaria, Romania, and Croatia and investigated how Europeanisation interacted with autism and educational policy through a path dependence analysis. Our research shows that education for children with special needs started with segregation during communist time. EU accession since then has influenced disability policies and contributed to establishing inclusive education for all students. One particular Romanian policy resulted in children with special needs not having to compete with typical children for school submission. Ultimately, the majority of policies addressed special education needs in general. Only Romania adopted specific autism policy. Inclusive education is being developed in all countries.
Assessment of lesion development in Fraxinus excelsior cultivars Altena, Atlas and Westhof's Glorie inoculated with different isolates of Hymenoscyphus fraxineus
Authors: Wiersma Hinke , Buiteveld Joukje , Hiemstra Jelle , Copini Paul 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAsh dieback caused by the invasive fungus Hymenoscyphus fraxineus leads to massive mortality among common ash (Fraxinus excelsior) in Europe. To select tolerant genotypes, inoculation experiments are frequently conducted with isolates of the fungus. The aim of this study was to improve the inoculation methodology for evaluating susceptibility of ash genotypes to ash dieback through (i) testing the virulence of different isolates of Hymenoscyphus fraxineus and (ii) investigating temporal lesion development using three widely applied cultivars: Altena, Atlas and Westhof's Glorie. First, an experiment was conducted with a repeated measure design in which virulence of five different isolates was tested. Second, a subset of two isolates that induced the longest downward lesion length in experiment one was used in combination with a slightly adjusted inoculum protocol. Significant differences were found between isolates for downward lesion length, but a significant interaction effect of isolates and cultivars was absent. Also, the inoculation position within the stem affected lesion length; the largest lesions were found on the highest inoculation position within the stem. Furthermore, we found that cryopreserved isolates can remain virulent over years. The timing of inoculation at the end of the growing season was effective as large lesions already occurred during winter dormancy. For future inoculation studies, we propose to use: (i) isolates that induce large lesions, as less virulent isolates induced not only shorter but also fewer lesions; (ii) a similar inoculation position to better compare inoculations within and between experiments; (iii) cryopreserved isolates for testing over years; (iv) mycelial suspensions for inoculum preparation to cover wood chips more evenly; (v) reference clone—like the studied cultivars—to standardize research outcomes between years and research groups.
Embedding environmental sustainability within oral health professional curricula—Recommendations for teaching and assessment of learning outcomes
Authors: Field James , Martin Nicolas , Duane Brett , Vital Sibylle , Mulligan Steven , Livny Alon , Lindberg Pia , Lundegren Nina , Gummesson Christina , Long Ruby , Lundbeck Heather , Ramasubbu Darshini , Dixon Jonathan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe FDI World Dental Federation suggests that “dentistry, as a profession, should integrate Sustainable Development Goals into daily practice and support a shift to a green economy in the pursuit of healthy lives and wellbeing for all, through all stages of life.” This article reports on the recent activity of the Association for Dental Education in Europe Special Interest Group for Sustainability in Dentistry. Following on from the group's previous activities, which explored current educational practice, this work aimed to reach a pan‐European consensus on a number of learning outcomes for environmental sustainability, in order to (i) support institutions in designing and delivering their curriculum, and (ii) to further harmonise the delivery of oral health professional education across Europe. This article presents specific learning outcomes relating to environmental sustainability and recommendations relating to curriculum development, including methods of teaching and assessment.
I can still hear my baby crying: The ambiguous loss of American Indian/Alaska Native birthmothers
Authors: Landers Ashley L. , Danes Sharon M. , Carrese Domenica H. , Mpras Evdoxia , Campbell Avery R. , White Hawk Sandy 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study captures the experiences of American Indian/Alaska Native birthmothers who lost a child to adoption and the impact of said loss on their health and wellbeing. Few studies examine the loss experiences of American Indian/Alaska Native birthmothers despite their increased probability to lose a child to foster care and adoption. American Indian/Alaska Native birthmothers are distinct from birthmothers of other races in their experiences of intergenerational and historical child loss, having disproportionately lost their children to systematic practices of child removal via boarding schools, the adoption era, and child welfare. Interview data from 8 American Indian/Alaska Native birthmothers were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. Five themes emerged including: (1) the social context of losing a child to adoption for American Indian/Alaska Native birthmothers, (2) the ambiguous loss of a child to adoption, (3) grief reactions to the loss, (4) the impact of the loss on birthmother health and wellbeing, and (5) creating resiliency. Findings suggest that American Indian/Alaska Native birthmothers experience ambiguous loss, as well as elevated mental health problems and substance abuse following the loss of a child to adoption.