bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vegetation Optimization Methods Considering Water Supply Security, Vegetation Carbon Sequestration, and Sediment Reduction Benefits: A Case Study of the Yanhe River Basin on the Loess Plateau
Authors: Yuan Yujie , Zhu Xueping , Zhao Xining , Gao Xuerui 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTSince the implementation of the Grain for Green program on the Loess Plateau, vegetation restoration has achieved a remarkable effect. However, large‐scale vegetation restoration will inevitably result in massive water resources consumption in arid and semi‐arid regions, which will increase the risk of water security for regional social and economic development. How to safeguard the water resources required for socioeconomic development in the background of vegetation restoration and simultaneously maximize the benefits of water adaptation‐sediment reduction‐carbon enhancement on the Loess Plateau represents a critical scientific challenge to be addressed in future ecological construction efforts. Based on this, this study aimed at the Yanhe River Basin (YRB), a representative basin for vegetation restoration on the Loess Plateau, and creatively proposed a vegetation optimization regulation method with water supply capacity as the constraint while aiming to maximize the benefits of carbon sequestration and sediment reduction. Results indicated that under the current vegetation pattern, water deficit in the YRB by 2030 would be 27.22% and 3.00% under the SSP2‐4.5 and SSP5‐8.5 scenarios, respectively. By optimizing the original vegetation pattern—reducing high water‐consuming vegetation, increasing drought‐tolerant shrubs (797–1006 km2), and decreasing fractional vegetation coverage (FVC) by 4.00%–5.84% under the SSP2‐4.5—the basin's water supply (Ws) would increase by 41.36%–44.13%, while net primary productivity (NPP) would decrease by 1.83%–2.39% and soil erosion (SED) would increase by 2.86%–3.71%. Under the SSP5‐8.5 scenario, by increasing FVC (6.03%–8.00%), increasing drought‐tolerant shrubs (813–1295 km2), and reducing forest and grassland, the water resources required for basin's socioeconomic development would be guaranteed (1.60 × 108m3–1.61 × 108 m3). The optimized vegetation scheme also significantly increased NPP (13.38%–14.64%) and decreased SED (13.28%–15.24%) under the SSP5‐8.5. The results offer valuable insights for the development of vegetation management programs and provide critical technical support for sustainable water resource management on the Loess Plateau.
Low‐Divergence Wave‐Chaotic Microlasers From Fiber‐Hybridized Colloidal Quantum Dots
Authors: Ren Yinjuan , Zou Shouda , Li Kehan , Wu Yuting , Ding Yechun , Li Feng , Liu Shengli , Wang Yue 
Published: February 2025

AbstractColloidal quantum dot (QD) lasers have attracted intense interest by virtue of their cost‐effective solution‐processibility and broadband spectral tunability. However, the present QD lasers generally exhibit poor directionality and divergence, which hinders their implementations in fiber optics and photonic circuits. Here, a novel kind of QD laser utilizing a fused silica fiber platform is designed and fabricated, which features directional and low‐divergence output in combination with the high Q‐factors. Based on the comprehensive numerical simulation and spectroscopic characterizations, the merits of the laser are attributed to the presence of a new kind of resonance mode termed waveguide‐multiple islands in the QD‐fiber hybrid resonator. The low divergence is well explained by the converging effect of the high‐refractive curved boundary on the outgoing light. Furthermore, the output angle and the far‐field distribution can be modulated on‐demand by breaking the resonance symmetry through adjusting the diameter of constituted fibers. The laser design is general for QD gain media, such that the low‐divergence red, green, and blue coherent emission is obtained. These findings represent significant progress toward the integration application of QD lasers.
Correlating Formulation and Performance in All‐Acrylic Waterborne Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Latexes
Authors: Bratasanu Julie , Aguilar Victoria , Issoufou Alfari Leila , Leocmach Mathieu , Mahler Benoit , Drockenmuller Eric , Bourgeat‐Lami Elodie , Ciccotti Matteo , Creton Costantino , Montarnal Damien 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis work investigates the correlation between the formulation of waterborne acrylic pressure‐sensitive adhesives (PSAs) and their resulting adhesive performance. A library of n‐butyl acrylate‐based latexes is synthesized via miniemulsion polymerization. Controlled variations in the composition of these polyacrylates – such as the inclusion of rigid comonomers, latent crosslinkers and chain transfer agents – enabled precise control over key network structures in the particles leading then to a range of physical parameters in the cast PSA films such as the glass transition temperature, entanglement and crosslink density. The viscoelastic and mechanical behaviors of the resulting networks are carefully characterized using a combination of techniques, including linear rheology, dynamic mechanical analysis, and tensile testing. These properties are then correlated with adhesive performance, as measured by probe tack and shear holding time tests. This comprehensive approach allowed for the identification of the optimal formulation balance that delivers the best compromises of adhesive performance, directly correlating these outcomes with the macromolecular design.
Easy Preparation of Anisotropic Nanoparticles Based on an Azobenzene Liquid Crystalline Polymer
Authors: Tanoue Teruha , Hamada Arisa , Matsumoto Yuka , Kurihara Seiji , Kim Sunnam , Fukaminato Tsuyoshi 
Published: February 2025

AbstractHerein an easy preparation method for anisotropic nanoparticles (NPs) is reported, in which the orientation of the composed molecules aligns at a certain direction in the particle, using a conventional reprecipitation method in combination with a microwave irradiation. The size, shape, and anisotropy of NPs strongly affect several physical properties and thus their regulation is essential for applications. Although some successful examples of size and shape regulation of NPs have been reported recently, the regulation of anisotropy is still challenging. In this study, NPs of azobenzene liquid crystalline polymer (LCP) using a conventional reprecipitation method, and then irradiation with microwave are introduced. With this treatment, the phase transition from the glassy phase to the smectic phase of azobenzene LCP is induced and the azobenzene groups are oriented at a certain direction. The anisotropy of NPs is confirmed by preparing fluorescent dye‐doped NPs. The prepared NPs exhibit polarization dependence of signals in the fluorescence image, which originates from the uniaxial orientation of molecules inside NPs. Furthermore, the anisotropy of NPs can be reversibly controlled with external light or heat stimuli.
Scattering and Blow‐Up Dichotomy of the Energy‐Critical Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation With the Inverse‐Square Potential
Authors: Hamano Masaru , Ikeda Masahiro 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we consider the energy critical nonlinear Schrödinger equation with a repulsive inverse square potential. In particular, we deal with radial initial data, whose energy is equal to the energy of static solution to the corresponding nonlinear Schrödinger equation without a potential. We investigate time behavior of the radial solutions with such initial data.
CMMSE: A Time‐Varying Approach to Linear Mixed Models
Authors: Ferreira Dário , Ferreira Sandra 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTLinear mixed models (LMMs) are widely utilized for their ability to handle both fixed and random effects, making them versatile tools in statistical analysis. However, traditional LMMs assume constant random effects over time, a limitation when dealing with data where variances and structures change. On the other hand, time series models like ARIMA and GARCH are great at capturing time‐related patterns and volatility but cannot handle random effects. In this study, we propose a time‐varying linear mixed model (TVLMM) that integrates the strengths of ARIMA, GARCH, and LMMs, allowing for dynamic random effects over time. This novel framework offers a more flexible and realistic approach to modeling data, particularly in contexts where underlying processes evolve, such as in finance, economics, and social sciences. We demonstrate the efficacy of TVLMM through a simulated dataset, highlighting its potential for more accurate and reliable forecasting.
Secondary cancer risk in head‐and‐neck cancer patients: A comparison of RBE‐weighted proton therapy and photon therapy
Authors: Dasiukevich Peter , Tattenberg Sebastian , Hoehr Cornelia , Hammi Abdelkhalek 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundSecondary cancer is a serious side effect from external beam radiotherapy (EBRT). Conventional EBRT is performed using a beam of photons, however, due to their ability to produce more conformal dose distributions, the use of protons is becoming more wide‐spread. Due to this sparing it would be expected that proton therapy could be associated with lower secondary cancer rates compared to photon therapy. However, since proton therapy data is still being accumulated and the follow‐up period is often relatively short thus far, simulation studies can complement the existing data and extrapolate to longer time frames.PurposeThis study aims to estimate and compare the risk of secondary cancer when treating head‐and‐neck cancer patients with proton therapy or photon therapy, while combining a whole‐body computational human phantom with the patient treatment planning computed tomography (CT) scan in order to study organs that are partially or fully outside of the treatment planning CT. In addition, proton therapy secondary cancer rates are investigated further by including variable relative biological effectiveness (RBE) models.MethodsFor 20 head‐and‐neck cancer patients, two clinical radiotherapy treatment plans were created, one for proton therapy and one for photon therapy. For proton therapy, linear energy transfer (LET) distributions were simulated and used to calculate the variable RBE‐weighted dose distributions for six different variable RBE models, in addition to the constant RBE of 1.1 widely used clinically. In order to obtain the dose deposited outside the treatment planning CT scan, an adjustable whole‐body digital reference phantom was stitched to the treatment planning CT. Based on the resulting dose distributions, the risk of secondary cancer was calculated for each modality.ResultsAveraged across all patients and relevant organs, photon therapy compared to proton therapy with a constant RBE of 1.1 was estimated to be 1.8 times more likely to cause secondary cancer. This risk ratio varied between 1.6 and 2.0, depending on the variable RBE model used. Cases with lifetime attributable risk (LAR) values below 0.1% were excluded from this analysis to prevent the benefits of proton therapy (the ratio ) from being artificially elevated in cases in which .ConclusionProton therapy was associated with lower estimated secondary cancer rates compared to photon therapy when treating head‐and‐neck cancer patients. This trend was observed even when considering different variable RBE models to calculate the proton therapy dose distributions.
Factors Affecting the Clinical Learning Environment of Nursing Students Using a Different Clinical Practice Model During the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Ordin Yaprak Sarıgöl , Arkan Burcu 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAimThis study aimed to determine the factors that affected the clinical learning environment of third‐year nursing students during the COVID‐19 period when a different clinical practice model (‘make‐up practices’) had to be followed.DesignThis study adopted a qualitative research design.MethodsDue to the pandemic, the clinical practices of the second‐year applied courses were not performed in the nursing school where the study was conducted. Instead, only the theoretical courses were taught. The clinical practices of the third‐year applied courses were thus not performed during the usual term. For this reason, the second‐ and third‐year clinical practices that the students had to complete were carried out as ‘make‐up practices’ at the end of the third year during the summer term. The sample of this study consisted of the 12 students who were enrolled into both the second‐ and third‐year applied nursing courses as ‘make‐up practices’. In‐depth semi‐structured interviews were conducted. The data were analysed using content analysis.ResultsThe factors that affected the clinical learning environments of nursing students during the COVID‐19 pandemic process were identified under three main themes: the effect of distance education and make‐up practice, fear of infection, and supportive approaches.ConclusionIt was observed that the clinical practices conducted as make‐up practices were very beneficial for students' learning, notwithstanding the many difficulties caused.Patient or Public ContributionStudents included in this study were participants during the data collection process. No patient or public contribution was involved.
Carbon nanotubes and carbon fiber filled polyhexahydrotriazine composites: Assessing the tribological and mechanical properties
Authors: Li Xiaoqian , Jia Xiaohua , Song Haojie , Chen Hao , Sun Shaojie 
Published: February 2025

AbstractGrowing carbon nanotubes (CNT) on the carbon fiber (CF) surface resolves the issue of insufficient strong interfacial bonding between CF and depolymerizable poly(hexahydrotriazine) (PHT). The unique one‐dimensional structure of CNT is embedded as interlaminar reinforcement in PHT to create an effective mechanical interlock with the PHT matrix. This method significantly enhances the toughness and tensile strength of the composites, reaching 208.7 MPa. Tribological tests show that CNT with high specific surface area and typical graphitic structures enhance the tribological performance of composites. Compared to PHT/CF composites, PHT/CNT@CF composites were given an average friction coefficient that decreased to 0.15. Therefore, the CNT was cultivated to prepare high‐performance PHT/CNT@CF composites, which constituting an efficient approach and holding significant potential for applications within the realm of tribology.Highlights
Uniform carbon nanotubes (CNT) on carbon fiber (CF) can improve interfacial bonding with poly(hexahydrotriazine) (PHT).
PHT/CNT@CF composites showed excellent mechanical and tribological properties.
Growth of carbon nanotubes offers an ideal route to high‐performance composites.
Quantitative assessment of dispersion stability and processing parameters in graphene‐enhanced unsaturated polyester resins: Effect of mixing techniques
Authors: Mazaheri Karvandian Farnaz , Hubert Pascal 
Published: February 2025

AbstractRecent advances in cost‐effective graphene mass production highlight its potential for industrial applications, along with the challenges of achieving and controlling uniform dispersion at a large scale. State‐of‐the‐art approaches such as functionalization, solvent mixing, and sonication are costly for large‐scale use. As for dispersion analysis, microscopy techniques such as scanning electron microscopy and transmission electrical microscopy are still commonly employed, while emerging quantitative methods, including electrical conductivity measurements, micro‐CT, and machine learning, remain time‐intensive and are limited to fully‐cured nanocomposites. This study aims to evaluate three mixing techniques—mechanical mixing, high shear mixing, and probe sonication—for dispersing an industrial mass‐produced graphene powder in an unsaturated polyester resin. Their impact on processing parameters is examined using thermal and rheology analysis. Furthermore, dispersion states throughout the processing window are quantified for the first time. Results indicate that graphene addition inhibits resin curing, delaying gelation and increasing peak temperatures. Mechanical mixing exhibited the lowest dispersion efficiency with dispersion indices of 62.87%, 65.15%, and 66.37% at 0.25, 0.5, and 0.75 Wt.% graphene, respectively. Probe sonication was most effective at lower concentrations (66.65% and 68.20% at 0.25 and 0.5 Wt.%), while high shear mixer excelled at 0.75 Wt.% graphene (69.11%) due to increased viscosity. The dispersion states remained stable during curing, as the resin's higher viscosity restricted nanofiller mobility.Highlights
Graphene delays resin curing (5.8%–40%) by radical scavenging and hindrance.
Objective method for quantitative graphene dispersion across processing window.
Better dispersion obtained using high shear mixer at higher graphene content.
High resin viscosity stabilizes graphene dispersion, limits mobility in curing.
Sustainable Synthesis, DFT, Docking and In Vitro Evaluation of 6‐Mercaptopurine Syringic Acid Cocrystal: A Potent Drug for Breast Cancer Therapy
Authors: Rajendran Thangamathi , Zochedh Azar , Chandran Kaliraj , Al‐Asbahi Bandar Ali , Kumar Yedluri Anil , Shunmuganarayanan Athimoolam , Sultan Asath Bahadur 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe 6‐mercaptopurine syringic acid (6MPSY) a new drug–drug cocrystal has been synthesized by the neat grinding method. The prepared cocrystal 6MPSY has been screened by the powder x‐ray diffraction procedure and the single phase was confirmed. Using density functional theory with B3LYP/6‐311++G (d, p) source set, the structural parameters were computed and associated with the structural parameters of the 6‐mercaptopurine molecule and syringic acid molecule reported earlier exhibit good agreement. Experimental FTIR and UV–vis spectra were documented to identify and analyze the group vibrational frequencies and electronic behavior of the cocrystal. The NBO study was accomplished and the inter‐ and intra‐molecular interactions were established. The inspection of the topological (MEP, ELF, LOL) and non‐covalent (RDG, IRI, DORI) contacts has exposed diverse groups of inter‐ and intra‐molecular links on the source of electron localization density and color gauge pointer, respectively. Mulliken and natural atomic charges have been calculated and depicted. Fukui studies gave the reactive site with high f+ and f− for C10, C17, C33, and H14 of the drug–drug cocrystal. The FMO analysis exhibits a low energy gap of 3.7612 eV that shows the efficiency of the drug–drug cocrystal in terms of chemical reactivity and stability. In addition, the thermodynamical parameters were calculated. The anti‐breast cancer activity of 6MPSY was investigated through in silico and in vitro analysis. The docking outcomes of 6MPSY range between −7.5 and −9.3 kcal/mol, and the calculated IC50 value in MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cells was 83.2 μg/mL.
Substantial heterogeneity in trauma triage tool characteristic operationalization for identification of major trauma: a hybrid systematic review
Authors: Donnelly N. A. , Brent L. , Hickey P. , Masterson S. , Deasy C. , Moloney J. , Linvill M. , Zaidan R. , Simpson A. , Doyle Frank 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Trauma Triage Tools (TTTs) support pre-hospital staff to identify major trauma patients based on prehospital characteristics and bring them to appropriate trauma centres. However, while triaging trauma has been examined extensively, there appears to be little consensus on how variables within TTTs are applied. We therefore aimed to examine the prehospital characteristics and their operationalization applied in the international literature in TTTs.

Methods
We applied a hybrid systematic review approach. Searches were conducted in multiple databases. We initially searched for systematic reviews that analyse prehospital characteristics applied in TTTs, then supplemented this with an updated search of original TTT papers from November 2019.

Results
We identified 92 papers which identified 52 adult general population TTTs. Results indicate considerable heterogeneity in prehospital characteristics included in TTTs internationally. There was similarity in the higher-level categories included in the tools: tools often included measurements of a patient’s physiological characteristics, injury characteristics, mechanism of injury and any modifiers for high-risk groups. However, the prehospital characteristics that made up those groups, how they were applied and interpreted were found to vary considerably.

Conclusion
While there is agreement in the higher-level categories used in TTTs, the thresholds adopted in specific variables vary widely, which may reflect statistical rather than clinical considerations. This may contribute to considerable variation in standards of major trauma triaging internationally. An agreed taxonomy of operationalization of prehospital characteristics used in TTTs is required to prevent sub-optimal clinical decision-making in major trauma triaging.

Registration
PROSPERO CRD42023393094.
Venetoclax and hypomethylating agents versus tagraxofusp in older patients with blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm
Authors: Lee Benjamin J. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is a highly aggressive and rare hematologic malignancy characterized by poor response to multiagent chemotherapy and dismal survival outcomes of 8–16 months. Tagraxofusp, the first-in-class CD123-directed antineoplastic agent, has emerged as a highly effective therapy and is the only FDA approved drug for BPDCN. Nonetheless, significant treatment-related toxicities with tagraxofusp such as hepatotoxicity and capillary leak syndrome are unfortunately not uncommon and can be prohibitive for older or unfit patients. The success of venetoclax (VEN) with a hypomethylating agent (HMA) has recently been described in the literature however, clinical outcomes are limited to case reports and small case series. To confirm these findings, we performed a multicenter, retrospective cohort study utilizing the TriNetX Networks database to compare survival outcomes between BPDCN patients (≥60 years-of-age) who received VEN + HMA versus tagraxofusp. In total, 32 and 39 patients received VEN + HMA and tagraxofusp, respectively, between February 1, 2019 and September 1, 2024. Median follow-up time was 7.4 and 9.3 months in the VEN + HMA and tagraxofusp cohorts, respectively. Overall survival (OS) between VEN + HMA and tagraxofusp-treated patients was comparable at 12-months (41.2% vs. 53%; HR 1.15; 95% CI, 0.53–2.48; P = 0.73). In a subgroup analysis of older adult patients (≥75 years-of-age), OS at 12-months (38.1% vs. 56.5%; HR 1.20; 95% CI, 0.47–3.04; P = 0.71) was not significantly different. In conclusion, this large-scale, retrospective database analysis suggests that VEN + HMA is an effective therapeutic alternative to tagraxofusp in older patients for the management of BPDCN. Future studies are needed to prospectively validate these findings.