bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Outcomes in Basal Ganglia Strokes Treated With Mechanical Thrombectomy
Authors: Bouslama Mehdi , Haussen Diogo C. , Ravindran Krishnan , Liberato Bernardo B. , Bhatt Nirav R. , Navalkele Digvijaya , Bianchi Nicolas A. , Belagaje Samir R. , Frankel Michael R. , Nogueira Raul G. 
Published: August 2022

Background
Basal ganglia infarcts are thought to carry worse clinical outcomes compared with other infarct patterns. We aimed to investigate whether pretreatment topographic infarct patterns including complete basal ganglia involvement versus other infarct patterns help predict mechanical thrombectomy outcomes.

Methods
This was a review of a prospectively collected database of consecutive mechanical thrombectomy patients with anterior circulation large vessel occlusion strokes between January 2014 and November 2018. Patients were categorized into the following 2 groups: (1) total basal ganglia (TBG) strokes defined as infarcts affecting both the caudate and lentiform nuclei regardless of cortical involvement and (2) other infarct patterns. Infarct location was assessed on preprocedure noncontrast computed tomography using an automated software (e‐ASPECTS). Baseline characteristics and outcome measures were compared.

Results

A total of 1011 patients were analyzed of which 234 (23.12%) had TBG strokes. Patients with TBG strokes were younger (
P
=0.01); had higher National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) (
P
=0.006), lower e‐ASPECTS (
P
<0.001), and lower systolic blood pressure (
P
=0.024); and had diabetes less often (
P
=0.01). Baseline characteristics were otherwise comparable between groups. Involvement of the caudate or lentiform nucleus alone was observed in 237 (30.5%) and 21 (2.7%) patients, respectively, in the other infarct patterns group. No internal capsule involvement was detected in either group. There were no differences in terms of 90‐day functional outcomes whether dichotomized (modified Rankin Scale score≤2: TBG=44.6% versus other=50.1%;
P
=0.14) or looking at the entire spectrum of the scale (shift analysis;
P
=0.74). However, TBG strokes had significantly higher rates of any parenchymal hematomas (15.4% versus 8.2%;
P
=0.001), an association that held true in multivariable analysis (adjusted odds ratio, 2.57 [95% CI, 1.41–4.62];
P
=0.002).

Conclusions
Despite increased rates of hemorrhagic transformation, ganglionic infarcts carry similar functional outcomes after mechanical thrombectomy compared with other stroke patterns.
Agenda Setting on FAIR Guidelines in the European Union and the Role of Expert Committees
Authors: Stocker Misha , Stokmans Mia , van Reisen Mirjam 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The FAIR Guidelines were conceptualised and coined as guidelines for Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable (FAIR) data at a conference held at the Lorentz Centre in Leiden in 2014. A relatively short period of time after this conference, the FAIR Guidelines made it onto the public policy agenda of the European Union. Following the concept of Kingdon, policy entrepreneurs played a critical role in creating a policy window for this idea to reach the agenda by linking it to the policy of establishing a European Open Science Cloud (EOSC). Tracing the development from idea to policy, this study highlights the critical role that expert committees play in the European Union. The permeability of the complex governance structure is increased by these committees, which allow experts to link up with the institutions and use the committees to launch new ideas. The High Level Expert Groups on the EOSC provided the platform from which the FAIR Guidelines were launched, and this culminated in the adoption of the FAIR Guidelines as a requirement for all European-funded science. As a result, the FAIR Guidelines have become an obligatory part of data management in European-funded research in 2020 and are now followed by other funders worldwide.
FAIR Equivalency in Indonesia's Digital Health Framework
Authors: Purnama Jati Putu Hadi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe objective of this study was to assess the regulatory framework for health data in Indonesia in order to understand the policy context and explore the possibility of expanding the adoption and implementation of the FAIR Guidelines, which state that data should be Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable (FAIR), in Indonesia. Although the FAIR Guidelines were not explicitly mentioned in any of the policy documents relevant to the Indonesian digital health sector, six out of the eight documents analysed contained FAIR Equivalent principles. In particular, Indonesia's Population Identification Number (NIK) has the potential, as a unique identifier, to support the integration and interoperability (findability) of data, which is crucial to all other aspects of the FAIR Guidelines. There is also a plan to build standards and protocols into the implementation of information systems in each ministry and government agency to improve data accessibility (accessibility), the integration of the various information systems is planned/ongoing (interoperability), and the need for a standardised arrangement for health information systems related to health data following the community standard is recognised (reusability). The documents at the core of Indonesia's digital health/eHealth policy have the highest FAIR Equivalency Score (FE-Score), showing some degree of alignment between the Indonesian digital health implementation vision and the FAIR Guidelines. This indicates that Indonesia's digital health sector is open to using the FAIR Guidelines.
FAIR Equivalency with Regulatory Framework for Digital Health in Ethiopia
Authors: Tadele Taye Getu , Yohannes Amare Samson , Gebremeskel G. Tesfit , Abrha Medhanyie Araya , Ayele Wondimu , Habtamu Tigist , van Reisen Mirjam 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper investigates whether or not there is a policy window for making health data ‘Findable’, ‘Accessible’ (under well-defined conditions), ‘Interoperable’ and ‘Reusable’ (FAIR) in Ethiopia. The question is answered by studying the alignment of policies for health data in Ethiopia with the FAIR Guidelines or their ‘FAIR Equivalency’. Policy documents relating to the digitalisation of health systems in Ethiopia were examined to determine their FAIR Equivalency. Although the documents are fragmented and have no overarching governing framework, it was found that they aim to make the disparate health data systems in Ethiopia interoperable and boost the discoverability and (re)usability of data for research and better decision making. Hence, the FAIR Guidelines appear to be aligned with the regulatory frameworks for ICT and digital health in Ethiopia and, under the right conditions, a policy window could open for their adoption and implementation.
FAIR Versus Open Data: A Comparison of Objectives and Principles
Authors: Jati Putu Hadi Purnama , Lin Yi , Nodehi Sara , Cahyono Dwy Bagus , van Reisen Mirjam 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This article assesses the difference between the concepts of ‘open data’ and ‘FAIR data’ in data management. FAIR data is understood as data that complies with the FAIR Guidelines—data that is Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable—while open data was born out of awareness of the need to democratise data by improving its accessibility, based on the idea that data should not have limitations that prevent people from using it. This study compared FAIR data with open data by analysing relevant documents using a coding analysis with conceptual labels based on Kingdon's theory of agenda setting. The study found that in relation to FAIR data the problem stream focuses on the complexity of data collected for research, while open data primarily emphasises giving the public access to non-confidential data. In the policy stream, the two concepts share common standpoints in terms of making data available and reusable, although different approaches are adopted in practice to accomplish these goals. In the politics stream, stakeholders with different objectives support FAIR data and from those who support open data.
FAIR Machine Learning Model Pipeline Implementation of COVID-19 Data
Authors: Folorunso Sakinat , Ogundepo Ezekiel , Basajja Mariam , Awotunde Joseph , Kawu Abdullahi , Oladipo Francisca , Ibrahim Abdullahi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Research and development are gradually becoming data-driven and the implementation of the FAIR Guidelines (that data should be Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable) for scientific data administration and stewardship has the potential to remarkably enhance the framework for the reuse of research data. In this way, FAIR is aiding digital transformation. The ‘FAIRification’ of data increases the interoperability and (re)usability of data, so that new and robust analytical tools, such as machine learning (ML) models, can access the data to deduce meaningful insights, extract actionable information, and identify hidden patterns. This article aims to build a FAIR ML model pipeline using the generic FAIRification workflow to make the whole ML analytics process FAIR. Accordingly, FAIR input data was modelled using a FAIR ML model. The output data from the FAIR ML model was also made FAIR. For this, a hybrid hierarchical k-means (HHK) clustering ML algorithm was applied to group the data into homogeneous subgroups and ascertain the underlying structure of the data using a Nigerian-based FAIR dataset that contains data on economic factors, healthcare facilities, and coronavirus occurrences in all the 36 states of Nigeria. The model showed that research data and the ML pipeline can be FAIRified, shared, and reused by following the proposed FAIRification workflow and implementing technical architecture.
Curriculum Development for FAIR Data Stewardship
Authors: Oladipo Francisca , Folorunso Sakinat , Ogundepo Ezekiel , Osigwe Obinna , Akindele Akinyinka 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The FAIR Guidelines attempts to make digital data Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable (FAIR). To prepare FAIR data, a new data science discipline known as data stewardship is emerging and, as the FAIR Guidelines gain more acceptance, an increase in the demand for data stewards is expected. Consequently, there is a need to develop curricula to foster professional skills in data stewardship through effective knowledge communication. There have been a number of initiatives aimed at bridging the gap in FAIR data management training through both formal and informal programmes. This article describes the experience of developing a digital initiative for FAIR data management training under the Digital Innovations and Skills Hub (DISH) project. The FAIR Data Management course offers 6 short on-demand certificate modules over 12 weeks. The modules are divided into two sets: FAIR data and data science. The core subjects cover elementary topics in data science, regulatory frameworks, FAIR data management, intermediate to advanced topics in FAIR Data Point installation, and FAIR data in the management of healthcare and semantic data. Each week, participants are required to devote 7–8 hours of self-study to the modules, based on the resources provided. Once they have satisfied all requirements, students are certified as FAIR data scientists and qualified to serve as both FAIR data stewards and analysts. It is expected that in-depth and focused curricula development with diverse participants will build a core of FAIR data scientists for Data Competence Centres and encourage the rapid adoption of the FAIR Guidelines for research and development.
What Scholem Failed to See: Moses Dobruska as a Founder of Sociological Thought
Authors: Greco Silvana 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
After a brief outline of the biography of Moses Dobruska (1753–1794), this article wants to emphasize what most scholars, in particular Gershom Scholem, did not want to recognize about this Moravian Jew, coming from a sectarian Sabbatian environment, who later converted to Catholicism. He was not only a brilliant businessman, literate, a poet, and Freemason, but also a social philosopher, and, even more, a forgotten founding father of sociology. His work Philosophie sociale (Paris 1793) is a milestone in the development of a social discipline still in progress, which later took the name sociology. This study highlights the strong influence exerted by Dobruska on subsequent authors. In particular, it shows how Dobruska’s concept of ‘disorganization’ (the breaking of a political, cultural and social order) had a strong influence on the thought of Henry Saint-Simon (1760–1825) and his pupil Auguste Comte (1798–1857).
Partner Country Characteristics as Factors in Foreign Policy Behaviour: Germany’s Relations with Developing Countries
Authors: Höflinger Tim 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This article seeks to identify partner country characteristics as potential explanatory factors for Germany’s foreign policy actions in its bilateral relations with developing countries. From this starting point, two different types of foreign policy actions have been considered: Diplomatic cooperation and development cooperation. Firstly, a comprehensive panel data set has been assembled, containing a set of indicators capturing the socio-economic, demographic, geographic and political characteristics of 101 developing countries from the 2000–2017 period as well as Germany’s foreign policy actions in these countries. Subsequently, a regression analysis was carried out to examine the impact of the country characteristics on Germany’s bilateral foreign policy actions. The analysis has shown that dyad partner characteristics influence Germany’s bilateral foreign policy behaviour with developing countries across both types of foreign policy actions. Based on the identified relationships, one can draw some informed inferences regarding Germany’s foreign policy conduct with developing countries.
Potential anticancer effect of sodium caprate on human gastric cancer cells
Authors: Kim Nam-Hee , Park Jung Ho , Koo Dong-Hoe , Lee Taeheon , Yang Jeong-Yoon , Lee Hee-Young 
Published: August 2022

The role of sodium caprate (C10) in enhancing drug absorption is well established; however, little information is available on its role as an anticancer drug. This study aimed to evaluate the anticancer effect of C10 in gastric cancer cells. The mechanism of cytotoxicity of C10 was evaluated by western blotting following treatment of the gastric cancer cells with various concentrations of C10. C10 cytotoxicity was measured via MTS (3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H tetrazolium), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), cAMP, and ATP assays. Gastric cancer cells were observed by electron microscopy following treatment with C10. Then, xenograft mice that were inoculated with gastric cancer cells were treated with C10 for 4 weeks, after which the changes in tumor size were measured. C10 triggered apoptosis in the gastric cancer cells through the mitochondrial pathway at concentrations of more than 0.2 mM. However, 15 mM of C10 induced necrosis in gastric cancer cells by causing cellular swelling and the formation of holes in the cell membrane. Levels of cAMP and ATP decreased significantly following exposure to 15 mM C10 for 1 h. Additionally, the size of the xenograft tumors was significantly reduced by 24% after 4 weeks of C10 treatment ( p < 0.05). This study indicates that C10 induces apoptosis and necrosis in a concentration-dependent manner and has clear anticancer effects on gastric cancer cells.
Post-operative Scar Comparison With Supraorbital Eyebrow and Upper Blepharoplasty Approach in the Management of Zygomaticomaxillary Complex Fractures
Authors: Mirza Hamza H. , Ahmed Faheem , Rahber Murtaza , Rana Zahoor A. 
Published: August 2022

Study Design A prospective randomized comparative study was conducted to evaluate the postsurgical scar with Supraorbital Eyebrow (SE) Approach and Upper Blepharoplasty (UB) Approach used for open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC) fractures. Objective To evaluate and compare the post-operative scar using Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) following ORIF of ZMC fractures with SE and UB approaches. Methods In this study, 88 patients with ZMC fractures requiring ORIF and meeting the inclusion criteria were recruited between 2019 and 2020. Patients were randomly divided into SE and UB group, 44 patients in each. Clinical and radiological assessment was done preoperatively and post-operative scar evaluation was carried out at different intervals over a period of 6 months using VSS. A blinded observer rated the scar. Results The results showed that after 6 months of surgery, all the 44 (100%) patients in UB group had a mild scar (VSS score 1–5), while in the SE group 34 (77.3%) patients had a mild scar (VSS score 1–5) and 10 (22.7%) had a moderate scar (VSS score 6–10). The difference between the 2 groups was statistically significant ( P-value = .001). Conclusions The UB approach has been established to be superior to SE approach in terms of post-operative scar as the results were statistically significant. This study can be used to advocate more frequent use of UB approach as compared to the previously popular SE approach for the management of ZMC fractures.
A microfluidic-based analysis of 3D macrophage migration after stimulation by Mycobacterium, Salmonella and Escherichia
Authors: Pérez-Rodríguez Sandra , Borau Carlos , García-Aznar José Manuel , Gonzalo-Asensio Jesús 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMacrophages play an essential role in the process of recognition and containment of microbial infections. These immune cells are recruited to infectious sites to reach and phagocytose pathogens. Specifically, in this article, bacteria from the genus Mycobacterium, Salmonella and Escherichia, were selected to study the directional macrophage movement towards different bacterial fractions. We recreated a three-dimensional environment in a microfluidic device, using a collagen-based hydrogel that simulates the mechanical microarchitecture associated to the Extra Cellular Matrix (ECM). First, we showed that macrophage migration is affected by the collagen concentration of their environment, migrating greater distances at higher velocities with decreasing collagen concentrations. To recreate the infectious microenvironment, macrophages were exposed to lateral gradients of bacterial fractions obtained from the intracellular pathogens M. tuberculosis and S. typhimurium. Our results showed that macrophages migrated directionally, and in a concentration-dependent manner, towards the sites where bacterial fractions are located, suggesting the presence of attractants molecules in all the samples. We confirmed that purified M. tuberculosis antigens, as ESAT-6 and CFP-10, stimulated macrophage recruitment in our device. Finally, we also observed that macrophages migrate towards fractions from non-pathogenic bacteria, such as M. smegmatis and Escherichia coli. In conclusion, our microfluidic device is a useful tool which opens new perspectives to study the recognition of specific antigens by innate immune cells.
Measuring and exploring mental health determinants: a closer look at co-residents’ effect using a multilevel structural equations model
Authors: Gabr Hend , Baragilly Mohammed , Willis Brian H. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective
Previous research has demonstrated that individual risk of mental illness is associated with individual, co-resident, and household risk factors. However, modelling the overall effect of these risk factors presents several methodological challenges. In this study we apply a multilevel structural equation model (MSEM) to address some of these challenges and the impact of the different determinants when measuring mental health risk.

Study design and setting
Two thousand, one hundred forty-three individuals aged 16 and over from 888 households were analysed based on the Household Survey for England-2014 dataset. We applied MSEM to simultaneously measure and identify psychiatric morbidity determinants while accounting for the dependency among individuals within the same household and the measurement errors.

Results
Younger age, female gender, non-working status, headship of the household, having no close relationship with other people, having history of mental illness and obesity were all significant (p < 0.01) individual risk factors for psychiatric morbidity. A previous history of mental illness in the co-residents, living in a deprived household, and a lack of closeness in relationships among residents were also significant predictors. Model fit indices showed a very good model specification (CFI = 0.987, TLI = 0.980, RMSEA = 0.023, GFI = 0.992).

Conclusion
Measuring and addressing mental health determinants should consider not only an individual’s characteristics but also the co-residents and the households in which they live.
Estimating effects of health policy interventions using interrupted time-series analyses: a simulation study
Authors: Jiang Huan , Feng Xinyang , Lange Shannon , Tran Alexander , Manthey Jakob , Rehm Jürgen 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
A classic methodology used in evaluating the impact of health policy interventions is interrupted time-series (ITS) analysis, applying a quasi-experimental design that uses both pre- and post-policy data without randomization. In this paper, we took a simulation-based approach to estimating intervention effects under different assumptions.

Methods
Each of the simulated mortality rates contained a linear time trend, seasonality, autoregressive, and moving-average terms. The simulations of the policy effects involved three scenarios: 1) immediate-level change only, 2) immediate-level and slope change, and 3) lagged-level and slope change. The estimated effects and biases of these effects were examined via three matched generalized additive mixed models, each of which used two different approaches: 1) effects based on estimated coefficients (estimated approach), and 2) effects based on predictions from models (predicted approach). The robustness of these two approaches was further investigated assuming misspecification of the models.

Results
When one simulated dataset was analyzed with the matched model, the two analytical approaches produced similar estimates. However, when the models were misspecified, the number of deaths prevented, estimated using the predicted vs. estimated approaches, were very different, with the predicted approach yielding estimates closer to the real effect. The discrepancy was larger when the policy was applied early in the time-series.

Conclusion
Even when the sample size appears to be large enough, one should still be cautious when conducting ITS analyses, since the power also depends on when in the series the intervention occurs. In addition, the intervention lagged effect needs to be fully considered at the study design stage (i.e., when developing the models).