bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioinspired cellulose nanofibrils and NaCl composited polyacrylamide hydrogels with improved toughness, resilience, and strain‐sensitive conductivity
Authors: Wei Jie , Wang Jianquan , Shao Ziqiang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHydrogels are regarded as excellent substrates for flexible materials owing to their porous structure, softness, and flexibility. However, the requirement of enhancement and functionalization for a hydrogel is still an important issue. Cellulose nanomaterials present promising reinforcing potentials for hydrogels thanks to their high strength, good compatibility, and environmental friendliness. Inspired by the composition of the dermis, we use carboxymethyl cellulose nanofibrils (CMCNFs) and NaCl as additives to participate in the crosslinking polymerization of acrylamide (AM), fabricating PAM/CMCNFs/NaCl composite hydrogels with excellent mechanical properties, good resilience, and strain‐sensitive conductivity. The interactions between CMCNFs and PAM chains contribute to mechanical improvement of composite hydrogels; 0.5 M NaCl in precursor solutions imparts further synergistic reinforcement and ionic conductivity. The compressive stress, tensile strength and elongation at break values of PAM‐based hydrogels are increased with the incorporation of CMCNFs, and the optimal CMCNFs dosage is found at 4 wt% of AM. The resilience of composite hydrogels can be maintained at approximately or over 90% after five compression or stretching cycles. Moreover, the strain‐sensitive conductivity of a composite hydrogel demonstrates their potential application in flexible sensors. In brief, this work provides a facile one‐step approach to fabricate composite hydrogels suitable for application as flexible sensors.
Association of maternal autoimmune disease and early childhood infections with offspring autism spectrum disorder: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Nielsen Timothy C. , Nassar Natasha , Shand Antonia W. , Jones Hannah F. , Han Velda X. , Patel Shrujna , Guastella Adam J. , Dale Russell C. , Lain Samantha J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine potential synergistic effects between maternal autoimmune disease and early childhood infections and their association with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in offspring. Both exposures have been associated with increased risk of ASD in previous studies, but potential synergistic effects remain underexplored. We conducted a population‐based cohort study of singleton children born at term gestation (37–41 weeks) in New South Wales, Australia from January 2002 to December 2008. Maternal autoimmune diagnoses and childhood infections before age 2 years were identified from linked maternal and child hospital admissions, and ASD diagnoses by age 9 years were identified from linked disability services data. Multivariable logistic regression assessed the association between each exposure and ASD and additive interaction between exposures, controlling for potential confounders. A total of 18,451 children exposed to maternal autoimmune disease were propensity score matched (1:2) to 36,902 unexposed children. Any maternal autoimmune disease (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.25, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.07–1.47) and any childhood infection before age 2 years (aOR 1.38, 95% CI 1.15–1.67) were each associated with ASD. However, there was no evidence of additive interaction between the two exposures (relative excess risk due to interaction [RERI] 0.128, 95% CI ‐0.418‐0.675) resulting in increased odds of ASD in offspring. Future studies could examine potential interactions between other sources of maternal immune activation and childhood infection and impact on ASD and other neurodevelopmental disorders.
Brain structure correlates with auditory function in children diagnosed with auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder
Authors: Cooper Hannah E. , Halliday Lorna F. , Bamiou Doris‐Eva , Mankad Kshitij , Clark Christopher A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionAuditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD) is a term for a collection of test results which indicate disruption of the auditory signal at some point along the neural pathway. This results in a spectrum of functional outcomes, ranging from reasonably normal hearing to profound hearing loss. This study assessed brain structure changes and behavioral correlates in children diagnosed with ANSD.MethodsSeventeen children who had previously been diagnosed with ANSD were recruited to the study and underwent a battery of behavioral measures of hearing, language, and communication, along with structural MR imaging. Analysis of cortical thickness of temporal lobe structures was carried out using FreeSurfer. Tract‐based spatial statistics were performed on standard diffusion parameters of fractional anisotropy and diffusivity metrics. The control group comprised imaging data taken from a library of MRI scans from neurologically normal children. Control images were matched as closely as possible to the ANSD group for age and sex.ResultsReductions in right temporal lobe cortical thickness were observed in children with ANSD compared to controls. Increases in medial diffusivity in areas including the corpus callosum and in the right occipital white matter were also seen in the group with ANSD compared to controls. Speech perception abilities, both in quiet and in noise, were correlated with cortical thickness measurements for several temporal lobe structures in children with ANSD, and relationships were also seen between diffusion metrics and measures of auditory function.ConclusionThis study shows that children with ANSD have structural brain differences compared to healthy controls. It also demonstrates associations between brain structure and behavioral hearing abilities in children diagnosed with ANSD. These results show that there is a potential for structural imaging to be used as a biomarker in this population with the possibility of predicting functional hearing outcome.
Study of computer attitudes in STEM problem‐solving for students with disabilities
Authors: Du Xiaoxue , Lyublinskaya Irina 
Published: October 2022

AbstractStudents with disabilities have limited opportunities to become problem solvers due to the deficit‐thinking mindset of their teachers. Thus, technology could facilitate the development of problem‐solving skills for these students, which requires an understanding of student computer attitudes in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) problem‐solving. However, there is limited research about computer attitudes in problem‐solving for students with disabilities. To address this challenge, this study first developed a questionnaire on computer attitudes in problem‐solving in STEM (Colorado assessment of problem‐solving [CAPS]‐STEM) and validated this instrument for the population of elementary school students with disabilities (N = 199). The questionnaire was then used in a sequential explanatory mixed methods study to examine factors affecting CAPS‐STEM for students with disabilities in two inclusive classrooms. Results of the study indicate significant positive correlations among students' self‐perceived confidence, knowledge, and competence in using computers for STEM problem‐solving. These attitudes were mostly affected by the nature of the assigned projects, existing school support for teachers, available technology resources, and teachers’ mindsets about the abilities of students with disabilities.
Atypical molluscum contagiosum on multiple sclerosis patients treated with fingolimod: A case report
Authors: Cheraghmakani Hamed , Baghbanian Seyed Mohammad , Ghasemi Maryam 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMolluscum contagiosum (MC) is a skin infection caused by a virus of the DNA poxvirus family that has already been reported by Fingolimod. We report two cases. MC can resist standard therapy and discontinuation of the fingolimod may be the only way to treat it.
Leukemia cutis presenting as hyperpigmented patches. A rare presentation
Authors: Namazi Nastaran , Kani Zahra Asadi , Kaddah Ali , Diab Reem 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLeukemia cutis is a cutaneous manifestation of leukemia. Herein, we present a rare cutaneous manifestation of leukemia cutis in a patient with myeloid leukemia m5, characterized by hyperpigmented red‐to‐brown patches on face and upper trunk. To our knowledge, hyperpigmented patches secondary to leukemia cutis is rarely described in the literature.
Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Squaramides as Allosteric GSK‐3β Inhibitors Promoting β‐Catenin‐Mediated Transcription of TCF/LEF in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells
Authors: Carullo Gabriele , Bottoni Laura , Pasquini Silvia , Papa Alessandro , Contri Chiara , Brogi Simone , Calderone Vincenzo , Orlandini Maurizio , Gemma Sandra , Varani Katia , Butini Stefania , Galvagni Federico , Vincenzi Fabrizio , Campiani Giuseppe 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK‐3β) is a ubiquitous enzyme that is a validated target for the development of potential therapeutics useful in several diseases including retinal degeneration. Aiming at developing an innovative class of allosteric inhibitors of GSK‐3β potentially useful for retinal degeneration, we explored the class of squaramides. The developed compounds (6 a–l) were obtained through a nontoxic one‐pot synthetic protocol, which employs low‐cost goods and avoids any purification step. Ethanol was used as the reaction solvent, simultaneously allowing the pure reaction products′ recovery (by precipitation). Out of this set of squaramides, 6 j stood out, from computational and enzymatic converging data, as an ATP non‐competitive inhibitor of GSK‐3β of micromolar potency. When engaged in cellular studies using retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE‐19) transfected with a luciferase reporter gene under the control of T‐cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor (TCF/LEF) binding sites, 6 j was able to dose‐dependently induce β‐catenin nuclear accumulation, as shown by the increased luciferase activity at a concentration of 2.5 μM.
Gsx2, but not Gsx1, is necessary for early forebrain patterning and long‐term survival in zebrafish
Authors: Coltogirone Rebecca A. , Sherfinski Emma I. , Dobler Zoë A. , Peterson Sarah N. , Andlinger Abreanne R. , Fadel Lindsay C. , Patrick Regina L. , Bergeron Sadie A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundHomeobox transcription factor encoding genes, genomic screen homeobox 1 and 2 (gsx1 and gsx2), are expressed during neurodevelopment in multiple vertebrates. However, we have limited knowledge of the dynamic expression of these genes through developmental time and the gene networks that they regulate in zebrafish.ResultsWe confirmed that gsx1 is expressed initially in the hindbrain and diencephalon and later in the optic tectum, pretectum, and cerebellar plate. gsx2 is expressed in the early telencephalon and later in the pallium and olfactory bulb. gsx1 and gsx2 are co‐expressed in the hypothalamus, preoptic area, and hindbrain, however, rarely co‐localize in the same cells. gsx1 and gsx2 mutant zebrafish were made with TALENs. gsx1 mutants exhibit stunted growth, however, they survive to adulthood and are fertile. gsx2 mutants experience swim bladder inflation failure that prevents survival. We also observed significantly reduced expression of multiple forebrain patterning distal‐less homeobox genes in mutants, and expression of foxp2 was not significantly affected.ConclusionsThis work provides novel tools with which other target genes and functions of Gsx1 and Gsx2 can be characterized across the central nervous system to better understand the unique and overlapping roles of these highly conserved transcription factors.
What drives the perceived prejudice asymmetry among advantaged group members? The mediating role of social group power and moral obligations
Authors: Dierckx Kim , Van Hiel Alain , Valcke Barbara , Sekwena Eva Kefilwe , De Souter Laura , Braet Jolien , Haesevoets Tessa 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe present study investigated the psychological foundations of the perceived prejudice asymmetry, that is, the observation that members of privileged groups are more likely to consider ‘downward’ bias—advantaged group members displaying ambiguous intolerant behaviour towards disadvantaged groups—as instances of prejudice than ‘upward’ bias—disadvantaged group members behaving negatively towards advantaged groups. Specifically, we tested whether a higher moral obligations account could explain these divergent judgements of prejudice. We hypothesised that advantaged witnesses implicitly ascribe higher social power—and hence, elevated moral obligations—to advantaged (compared to disadvantaged) groups. The resulting differential morality judgements, in turn, lead to divergent attributions of prejudice. Five experiments (total N = 1063) provided converging evidence for our predictions, although we also obtained evidence for a reverse causal pathway in which perceived prejudice determines morality judgements. Challenges for other accounts of the perceived prejudice asymmetry are discussed.
Experience from pre‐excavation and leakage closing injections obtained in the Follo Line Project
Authors: Gollegger Johannes 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMore and more projects use single‐shell segmental lining for rock support as well as water and frost protection. Unless the potential water pressure is very high, i.e., above several hundreds of meters, these lining structures are usually built as undrained fully watertight tunnels. The Follo Line Project included a considerable amount of pre‐excavation grouting to reduce the water ingress during construction and invested a lot in injections to close leakage points after the tunnel excavation had finished. This article discusses the various types of injections and reflects critically the use of single‐shell linings for tunnels with high water pressure.
Das ÖBB‐Kraftwerk Tauernmoos – Energiespeicher für die Bahn
Authors: Herzog Peter , Voringer Jürgen , Kühner Walter , Reiter Franz , Lang Georg 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn 2004, ÖBB‐Infrastruktur AG started the first studies for the construction of a pumped‐storage hydro power plant between the two largest reservoirs of the existing Stubach Valley power plant group in Salzburg's Pinzgau region. Two reversible pump‐turbine units including a full converter with a total capacity of 170 MW and a maximum flow of 80 m3/s are planned. The construction of the 335 million. euro project started in 2020 and will be completed by autumn 2025. In addition to a 50,000 m3 cavern, an 11.5 km tunnel system including the access tunnels and the power water ways have been built. Most of the 11.5 km tunnel system is situated in stable gneiss. A greater challenge is the construction of the two inlet and outlet structures in the high mountain region during the winter season, when the lakes can be held on the lowest reservoir level. Since the remaining construction work is also carried out at an altitude of 1500 to 2250 m above sea level in alpine terrain, the construction company has been facing recurring problems such as snow, cold, wind, mudslides and the associated logistical difficulties. Despite these challenges, the excavation work was completed in summer 2022. The main focus is currently placed on the concrete works in the cavern, which is scheduled to be completed in autumn 2023. This will be followed by the installation of mechanical and electrical equipment as well as the control systems.
Grouting at Lonato tunnel
Authors: Di Salvo Giuseppe , Granata Raffaella 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe planned Brescia–Verona high‐speed/high‐capacity railway line is a key project of the Milan–Verona railway link. Between Brescia and Verona, the new line is about 48 km long, running mostly alongside the A4 highway. Near Lonato (south of Garda Lake), the line goes under A4 and other buildings and structures, through twin tunnels bored by the tunnel boring machine (TBM). The soil consolidation project is deemed necessary to protect the road from subsidence before the TBM is deployed. On site, the soil is extremely heterogeneous but always characterized by a silty sand matrix. The poor capacity of the soil to be permeated led to reshaping the borehole mesh and selecting both cementitious and silicate‐based grout mixes designed to obtain rheological features leading to better permeation capability. The operation to prevent subsidence involved injecting some 10,000 m3 of grout mixture, through about 90,000 m of sleeved pipes, in multi‐directional geometries.
The relationship between depressive symptoms and subtypes of mild cognitive impairment in post‐menopausal women: Results from the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study
Authors: Korthauer Laura E. , Goveas Joseph S. , Rapp Stephen R. , Espeland Mark A. , Shumaker Sally A. , Garcia Katelyn R. , Rossom Rebecca C. , Garcia Lorena , Tindle Hilary A. , Salmoirago‐Blotcher Elena , Wassertheil‐Smoller Sylvia , Zaslavsky Oleg , Cochrane Barbara , Sink Kaycee M. , Masaki Kamal , Driscoll Ira 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundDepressive symptoms are associated with age‐related cognitive impairment, but the relative risk of specific subtypes of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) conferred by depressive symptoms is unclear. The purpose of this exploratory study was to determine the longitudinal association between baseline depressive symptoms and incident cases of MCI subtypes (amnestic vs. non‐amnestic) and probable dementia (PD) (Alzheimer's disease, vascular, mixed) among postmenopausal women.MethodsDepressive symptoms were assessed at study baseline using an 8‐item Burnam algorithm in 7043 postmenopausal women who participated in the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study (WHIMS) and the WHIMS‐Epidemiology of Cognitive Health Outcomes (WHIMS‐ECHO) extension study. During the median 9.4‐year follow‐up interval, the presence of MCI and PD was classified by a central adjudication committee. Classification of participants by MCI subtype (amnestic single and multi‐domain, non‐amnestic single and multi‐domain) was done algorithmically based on established criteria using data from annual cognitive testing.ResultsAt baseline, 557 women (7.9%) had clinically significant depressive symptoms based on Burnam algorithm cut‐point of 0.06. Depressive symptoms at baseline were associated with an increased risk of incident amnestic MCI (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.91, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.32–2.78, p < 0.0001), but not non‐amnestic MCI (HR = 1.39, 95% CI 0.91–2.14, p = 0.13) after controlling for demographic factors. This relationship between depressive symptoms and amnestic MCI remained consistent after controlling for lifestyle variables, cardiovascular risk factors, antidepressant use, and history of hormone therapy. There were no significant associations between depressive symptoms and incidence of PD.ConclusionDepressive symptoms at baseline among postmenopausal older women are associated with higher incidence of amnestic MCI, suggesting that they may be an independent risk factor or part of the early prodrome of dementia.
Care aides' perceptions of caring for residents with a history of psychological trauma in Western Canadian care homes
Authors: Thorne Trina E. , Titley Heather K. , Duan Yinfei , Norton Peter G. , Lanius Ruth A. , Estabrooks Carole A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo explore care aide perceptions of caring for residents who aides perceived had past psychological trauma.MethodsThrough cognitive interviews, we developed a definition of trauma for four survey questions about caring for residents with psychological trauma. We added these questions to our routine care aide survey in 91 care homes in Western Canada (September 2019 to February 2020). We asked if care aides perceived that they were caring for residents with trauma, how often, types of trauma experienced, and what indication led them to perceive a resident had experienced trauma. We analyzed data using content analysis (open‐ended questions) and regression analyses (closed‐ended questions).ResultsThree thousand seven hundred and sixty five care aides responded (70% response rate) to the survey, and 53% perceived caring for one or more residents with a history of psychological trauma in the previous 2 weeks. Within six categories of traumatic events, abuse (35%) and war exposure (26%) were most common. Most common indications of trauma reported by care aides (five categories) were reliving the experience or having intrusive symptoms (28%) and avoidant behaviors (24%). Care aides were more likely to report caring for a resident who they perceived had experienced past psychological trauma if they were younger, spoke English as their first language, self‐reported experiencing more aggression from residents, or who worked in not‐for‐profit homes.ConclusionsThis preliminary study supports the need for further study of care aides' perceptions and experiences of caring for residents with past trauma, and the effects of caring for these residents on quality of work life.
Search and rescue incidents among persons 65 years and older in the USA: Examination of factors associated with death
Authors: Woolford Marta H. , Bugeja Lyndal , Weller Carolina , Koester Robert J. , Ibrahim Joseph E. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectivesOlder people are vulnerable to becoming lost from home, especially if alone and in unfamiliar environments. Incidents of older persons becoming lost are frequently reported and often requiring a search and rescue (SAR) response. Becoming lost is distressing to the person concerned, their carer, and family and may result in physical injury and/or death. This study examined what factors are associated with death among older persons reported lost from home.Methods/DesignA retrospective cross‐sectional study. Data were obtained from the International Search and Rescue Incident Database from 1985 to 2013. Participants comprised persons aged 65 years and older living in the United States. Individual, SAR incident, and environmental factors were analysed. The primary outcome of this study was lost person found alive or found dead on arrival. Relationships between categorical variables and outcome were summarised with contingency tables, chi‐squared test p‐values (or Fisher's‐exact‐test), and odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Association between continuous variables and outcome were examined using multiple logistic regression. p‐value of <0.05 was considered significant.ResultsAmong the 5242 SAR incidents, 1703 met the inclusion criteria, of which 87.8% (n = 1495) were found alive and 12.2% (n = 208) were found dead. Factors associated with death included: male gender (OR 1.46; CI 1.01–2.13; p = 0.048), cognitively intact (OR 0.32; CI 0.22–0.47; p < 0.001), prolonged SAR duration (OR: 1.028; CI: 1.021–1.035; p < 0.001), found in water/wetlands (OR 7.40; CI 3.37–16.24; p < 0.001), and extreme weather (OR: 2.06; 95% CI: 1.10–3.86; p = 0.024).ConclusionsOlder people have a fundamental human right to protection from preventable deaths. Findings indicate these rights are not being protected with deaths occurring frequently among older people who have become lost from home. To minimise fatalities, knowledge of factors associated with death could inform the development suitable assessment and intervention strategies for SAR teams and caregivers.