bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meeting 24‐h movement guidelines: Prevalence, correlates, and associations with socioemotional behavior in Spanish minors
Authors: López‐Gil José Francisco , Roman‐Viñas Blanca , Aznar Susana , Tremblay Mark S. 
Published: January 2022

The aims of this study were to determine for the first time the prevalence of a national sample of Spanish minors meeting the 24‐h movement guidelines; to determine their correlates; and to examine their associations with socioemotional behavioral problems. Cross‐sectional data from the Spanish National Health Survey (2017) were analyzed for this study. A total of 3772 Spanish minors were included. Physical activity was parent‐reported by a modified short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, which included a single question related to the participation in physical activity in free time. Recreational screen time was parent‐reported by asking respondents for weekdays and weekends independently: “How much time does your child typically spend in front of a screen, including a computer, tablet, television, video, video game, or cell phone screen?”. Sleep duration was parent‐reported by the following question: “Can you tell me approximately how many hours your child usually sleeps daily?”. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire was applied for the evaluation of socioemotional behavioral problems. The prevalence of meeting of all the three guidelines was 13.5%. Compared to meeting all guidelines, higher odds of socioemotional behavioral problems were found in participants meeting two guidelines (OR = 1.42; CI95%, 1.10–1.83), one guideline (OR = 1.50; 95%CI,1.14–1.96), or none of the guidelines (OR = 1.92; 95%CI,1.30–2.83). Our study demonstrated that the proportion of Spanish minors who meet with all the 24‐h movement guidelines is low. Furthermore, it could be relevant to the promotion of the 24‐h movement guidelines to prevent the risk of socioemotional behavioral problems.
A scooping review of Scandinavian studies of sick‐listed' and social insurance officers' experiences of their encounters'
Authors: Hakvaag Tonje C. , Knapstad Marit , Bjornestad Jone Ravndal , Tjora Tore 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn the Scandinavian countries, social insurance officers (SIOs) hold key positions with regard to coordinating the return‐to‐work (RTW) process of workers on long‐term sick‐leave. This article aimed to systematically explore the experience of encounters between the sick‐listed and SIOs and set out the current scientific knowledge base on factors related to the encounter that are perceived as having an impact on the sick‐listed's RTW. A scoping review was conducted that included peer‐reviewed articles published in the English language in the period January 2000 to February 2021. Of the 435 articles reviewed to determine eligibility, 38 were included. Most of the articles included were qualitative (68%) and focused on the sick‐listed's experience of encounters with RTW professionals. The main finding of this review is that the majority of the sick‐listed perceived the encounters with SIOs as positive. The perspective of SIOs was less subject to study, and the research focus was more often concerned with practical aspects of the encounter, such as stakeholder cooperation and the impact of policy on SIOs' working conditions. Furthermore, we found that SIOs experience challenges in stakeholder cooperation and in performing workability assessments, especially where objective medical information is scarce. The findings of this review suggest that future studies should pay more attention to the SIO perspective in encounters between sick‐listed and SIOs.
Mycorrhizal colonization associated with roots of field‐grown maize does not decline with increasing plant‐available phosphorus
Authors: Sobat Emal , Whalen Joann K. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMaize roots are colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, but less mycorrhizal symbiosis is expected as the plant‐available phosphorus (P) concentration of soil increases, based on greenhouse and growth bench experiments. The objective of this study was to evaluate maize root colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in a sandy loam soil with a gradient of plant‐available P concentrations resulting from P fertilizer inputs. The field experiment received inorganic and organic P fertilizers for 3 years, and this created a 20‐fold difference in the plant‐available P concentration, from 12 to 204 mg Mehlich‐3 extractable P kg−1. The proportion of maize roots colonized with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi increased from 26 ± 2% during vegetative growth (V8 and VT growth stages) to 46 ± 2% in the reproductive R2 and R6 stages. The P fertilizer input did not affect maize root colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. More arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonization of maize roots occurred in soil with increasing plant‐available P concentrations (r = .12, p = .05, n = 237), and this was associated with greater P uptake in the maize shoots (r = .53, p < .001, n = 240). We conclude that the root‐mycorrhizal symbiosis was more strongly related to maize growth than the plant‐available P concentration under field conditions.
Nitrogen recovery in reclaimed mine soil under different amendment practices in tandem with legume and non‐legume revegetation: A review
Authors: Kumari Sneha , Maiti Subodh Kumar 
Published: January 2022

AbstractNitrogen (N) supply is the major limiting nutrient in most reclamation schemes. In reclaimed mine soil (RMS), examining the N dynamics can be especially informative for understanding constraints on recovery that restrict revegetation success. Scholarly studies worldwide have focused on exogenous N incorporation to alleviate N shortages in the agriculture, and forestry sectors. Currently, growing concerns for the negative consequences of mining have highlighted N deficiency as one of the most significantly identified abiotic limits. Only a few researchers have focused on the N transformation mechanisms in drastically altered mine soils. The review comprises the last 10 years’ research on mine reclamation approaches using legume and non‐legume plant communities. Also the capacity of different amendments to alleviate N shortages in mine soils is emphasized. The major findings of the present review suggest: (i) Revegetation using legume and non‐legume species is a self‐sustaining and economical alternative to mineral N fertilizer application; however, they cannot fully activate the biological N cycle in RMS. (ii) A more biological amendment‐assisted revegetation would enhance the key concepts of “soil‐biomass N balance” and would be ideal for N recovery in imbalanced mine soil. Altogether, grass‐legume seeding offers a potentially valuable mine reclamation tool for managing N and addressing the challenges of sustainable development.
Behaviour of nutrients released from crystalline minerals of artificial potassium silicate fertilizer and their supply to the Japanese mustard spinach (Brassica rapavar.perviridis)
Authors: Hirata Shin , Katoh Masahiko 
Published: January 2022

AbstractArtificial potassium silicate fertilizer (PSF) is a typical slow‐release potassium fertilizer. However, the exact minerals that are released by PSF and the nutrients that are made available to plants remain unclear. This study quantitatively investigated the behaviour of nutrients released from PSF by the batch‐release test and their supply to plants by the plant growth tests, respectively, to determine the quantitative relationship between nutrients released from PSF and taken up by the plant. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that kalsilite, åkermanite, and potassium–magnesium silicate were the most abundant crystalline minerals in PSF. The XRD peaks of åkermanite and potassium–magnesium silicate were absent after citric acid extraction at a liquid/solid ratio of 20 to 100 (CA20 and CA100). Magnesium‐use efficiencies in PSF (11%) and residue treatments after ammonium acetate extraction (AC, 10%) were higher than those in residue treatments after CA20 (1.8%) and CA100 (6.0%). Potassium (%) released by AC in the batch‐release test (4.5%) was compatible with the difference of potassium‐use efficiencies between the treatments of PSF (21%) and the AC‐residue (16%). Likewise, potassium (%) released by CA20 (8.8%) was lower than the difference of potassium‐use efficiencies between the treatments of PSF (21%) and CA20‐residue (7.9%). This study suggests that potassium is rapidly released from potassium–magnesium silicate in PSF and is readily available to plants.
Direct regulation of shikimate, early phenylpropanoid, and stilbenoid pathways by Subgroup 2 R2R3‐MYBs in grapevine
Authors: Orduña Luis , Li Miaomiao , Navarro‐Payá David , Zhang Chen , Santiago Antonio , Romero Pablo , Ramšak Živa , Magon Gabriele , Höll Janine , Merz Patrick , Gruden Kristina , Vannozzi Alessandro , Cantu Dario , Bogs Jochen , Wong Darren C. J. , Huang Shao‐shan Carol , Matus José Tomás 
Published: January 2022

SUMMARYThe stilbenoid pathway is responsible for the production of resveratrol in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.). A few transcription factors (TFs) have been identified as regulators of this pathway but the extent of this control has not been deeply studied. Here we show how DNA affinity purification sequencing (DAP‐Seq) allows for the genome‐wide TF‐binding site interrogation in grape. We obtained 5190 and 4443 binding events assigned to 4041 and 3626 genes for MYB14 and MYB15, respectively (approximately 40% of peaks located within −10 kb of transcription start sites). DAP‐Seq of MYB14/MYB15 was combined with aggregate gene co‐expression networks (GCNs) built from more than 1400 transcriptomic datasets from leaves, fruits, and flowers to narrow down bound genes to a set of high confidence targets. The analysis of MYB14, MYB15, and MYB13, a third uncharacterized member of Subgroup 2 (S2), showed that in addition to the few previously known stilbene synthase (STS) targets, these regulators bind to 30 of 47 STS family genes. Moreover, all three MYBs bind to several PAL, C4H, and 4CL genes, in addition to shikimate pathway genes, the WRKY03 stilbenoid co‐regulator and resveratrol‐modifying gene candidates among which ROMT2‐3 were validated enzymatically. A high proportion of DAP‐Seq bound genes were induced in the activated transcriptomes of transient MYB15‐overexpressing grapevine leaves, validating our methodological approach for delimiting TF targets. Overall, Subgroup 2 R2R3‐MYBs appear to play a key role in binding and directly regulating several primary and secondary metabolic steps leading to an increased flux towards stilbenoid production. The integration of DAP‐Seq and reciprocal GCNs offers a rapid framework for gene function characterization using genome‐wide approaches in the context of non‐model plant species and stands up as a valid first approach for identifying gene regulatory networks of specialized metabolism.
Identification of the genome‐wide distribution of cyanobacterial group‐2 sigma factor SigE, accountable for its regulon
Authors: Kariyazono Ryo , Osanai Takashi 
Published: January 2022

SUMMARYSigma factors are the subunits of bacterial RNA polymerase that govern the expression of genes by recognizing the promoter sequence. Cyanobacteria, which are oxygenic phototrophic eubacteria, have multiple alternative sigma factors that respond to various environmental stresses. The subgroup highly homologous to the primary sigma factor (SigA) is called the group‐2 sigma factor. The model cyanobacteriumSynechocystis sp. PCC 6803 has four group‐2 sigma factors (SigB–SigE) conserved within the phylum Cyanobacteria. Among the group‐2 sigma factors in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, SigE is unique because it alters metabolism by inducing the expression of genes related to sugar catabolism and nitrogen metabolism. However, the features of the promoter sequences of the SigE regulon remain elusive. Here, we identified the direct targets of SigA and SigE by chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP‐seq). We then showed that the binding sites of SigE and SigA overlapped substantially, but that SigE localized exclusively to SigE‐dependent promoters. We also found consensus sequences from SigE‐dependent promoters and confirmed their importance. ChIP‐seq analysis showed both the redundancy and the specificity of SigE, compared with SigA, integrating information obtained from a previously adopted genetic approach and in vitro assays. The features of SigE elucidated in our study indicate its similarity with group‐2 sigma factors of other bacteria, even though they are evolutionarily irrelevant. Our approach is also applicable to other organisms and organelles, such as plant plastids, which have multiple group‐2 sigma factors.
HuManitarianism: Race and the overrepresentation of ‘Man’
Authors: Pallister‐Wilkins Polly 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper explores the foundational role of race in humanitarianism, its historical geographies, genealogy, and contemporary practice. I pay particular attention to the work of Sylvia Wynter on the overrepresentation of (white bourgeois) Man in modernist understandings of the human that form the basis of humanitarianism in the present. Building on Wynter's work, I offer an alter‐historical geography of humanitarianism – locating its genus in the voyages of 1441 and 1492 – that unsettles other critical work on the colonial origins of humanitarianism as both a normative and instrumental form of governance and their geographies. In following what Wynter terms a “human view”, I explore the racist orderings of Rational Man and his irrational, racialised “others” that work to structure humanitarianism's subjects. Alongside this, I consider the parasitic relations of humanitarianism to the negation of life enacted through the genocide of Black and Indigenous peoples, arguing humanitarianism's claims to save lives and relieve suffering cannot be divorced from conquistador violence. I argue that grappling with what Wynter calls “category problems” is necessary as humanitarianism – or huManitarianism – faces the contemporary challenges raised by Black Lives Matter that undermine and question its universalist legitimacy.
Three-Dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation and Mesh Size Effect of the Conversion of a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine to Spark-Ignition Natural Gas Engine
Authors: Aktas Fatih 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
With developing in computer technology, three-dimensional (3D) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) internal combustion (IC) engine simulations, which generally use reduced chemical kinetic mechanisms and simplified combustion models, can provide more accurate results along with less initial investment and calculation costs compared to experimental setup. In this study, a heavy-duty diesel engine effects on performance, combustion, and emission characteristics by spraying natural gas from the intake port and transforming it into a spark-ignition engine were investigated through 3D ansysfortecfd program. The spark time was accepted as 0.5 °CA before top dead center (bTDC), which was the start of injection time for the diesel injector. Analyzes were carried out at 2300 rpm, full load, 17.5: 1 of high compression ratio, constant air/fuel ratio. Six different global mesh sizes were used in the converted engine model. Performance, in-cylinder combustion, and emission values were examined for these six different global mesh sizes and the most suitable one was tried to be found. As a result of the global mesh size study, it was concluded that the most suitable size was 2.25 mm. In terms of performance, when the data obtained with usage of natural gas were compared to that of diesel fuel, the gross indicated power (GIP), indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP), and indicated thermal efficiency (ITE) values were increased by 12.02%, 8.93%, and 8.7%, respectively, while the gross indicated specific fuel consumption (GISFC) value was decreased by 9.78%. When the emission values were examined, it was seen that the engine met the stage IIIB norms without usage of selective catalytic reduction (SCR), diesel particulate filter (DPF), and diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) under the conditions.
Towards the web of quantum chaos diagnostics
Authors: Bhattacharyya Arpan , Chemissany Wissam , Haque S. Shajidul , Yan Bin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe study the connections between three quantities that can be used as diagnostics for quantum chaos, i.e., the out-of-time-order correlator (OTOC), Loschmidt echo (LE), and complexity. We generalize the connection between OTOC and LE for infinite dimensions and extend it for higher-order OTOCs and multi-fold LEs. Novel applications of this intrinsic relation are proposed. We also investigated the relationship between a specific circuit complexity and LE by using the inverted oscillator model and made a conjecture about their relationship. These relationships signal a deeper connection between these three probes of quantum chaos.
Progress Towards Electrochemical Methods for Pyrolysis-Oil Hydrogenation
Authors: Holladay Jamelyn , Lopez Ruiz Juan A , Egbert Jonathan , Gutiérrez Tinoco Oliver Y , Sanyal Udishnu 
Published: January 2022

Liquid fuels generation via flash pyrolysis of biomass followed by thermochemical upgrading has been a research topic for many years. The pyrolysis-oil produced from this process is a complex mixture of hundreds of organic and inorganic compounds. The reactive species in pyrolysis-oil complicate storage, transportation, and downstream processing because of secondary reactions. Currently these oils require a complex three-stage process operating at moderate temperatures between 433 and 678 K, and high hydrogen pressures of up to14,000 kPa. The process economics are limited by the high temperature and high pressure hydrogen requirement. Recent research suggests that the hydrogenation reactions can be performed using electrochemical reactors operating at much lower temperatures and pressures (293 K and 101 kPa) with no supplied dihydrogen.
We have been exploring electrocatalytic upgrading of pyrolysis oil. Early tests show the feasibility of pyrolysis oil upgrading when tested in a flow cell configuration. 13C NMR and 1H NMR indicates a significant decrease in carbonyl and aromatic species post electrolysis (Figure 1) illustrating the viability of the approach.
To better understand the influence of electrode catalysts on kinetics, probe molecules and probe molecule mixtures are being tested. The results indicate that Pd is the most active catalyst for electrochemical reduction of aldehydes and ketones, but was inactive for phenol reduction. However, Rh catalysts were active for phenol, but had lower activity for aldehyde and ketone reactions. Based on this research, a bi-metal catalyst is being developed and the experimental results will be presented. Reaction kinetics as well as the impact of site competition in mixtures will be discussed.

Figure 1
(Invited) Development and Integration of Heterojunctions for Enhanced Solar Energy Conversion
Authors: Solarska Renata Anna , Bienkowski Krzysztof , Arasimowicz Monika 
Published: January 2022

Photoelectrochemical applications of semiconducting metal oxides are continuously growing and gaining a considerable interest in view of enhanced production of renewable energy. However, overcoming intrinsic limitations of well-known and recognized towards specific action semiconducting oxides such as iron oxide, titanium oxide, tungsten oxide or copper oxide requires development of new nanoarchitectures. Given the band edges positions are not always suitable for a desired solar driven process, of primary importance is to enhance the intrinsic properties of the building materials and couple them with a catalytic modification of the surface. Therefore, efforts including development of new hetero-nanostructures and their implementation to the different type of junctions employed in solar arrangements, are continuously devoted to minimization of the required bias voltage, improvement of light capture or charge separation and collection. Recently, these approaches allowed to develop a highly active catalytic system consisting of a mesoporous semiconducting metal oxide (tungsten trioxide, titanium dioxide or iron oxide) and attached thereto polyoxometalate based WOC. The stable and reproducible water splitting photocurrents reached 4.5 mA cm-2 for WO3 based working system and were attained at standard conditions. In this scenario, incorporated in small amount polyoxometalates act as highly effective molecular OER catalysts leading to very large enhancement of water oxidation photocurrents [1]. These findings have also been transferred to other semiconducting systems relying onto engineered low sub-stoichiometric disorder in TiO2 or hexagonal WO3 conjugated to copper (I) oxide, enhanced and stabilized by the presence of heterojunction [2]. A special attention will be paid to their stabilization, intentional modification, as well as optimization of experimental conditions, permitting control and diversification of the reaction products.
[1] M. Sarnowska, K. Bienkowski, P. J. Barczuk, R. Solarska, J. Augustynski, Adv. Energy Mater. (2016), 1600526
[2] E. Szaniawska, K. Bienkowski, I. Rutkowska, P. Kulesza, R. Solarska, Cat. Today (2017) doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2017.05.099
(Invited) Towards Unassisted Water-Splitting Systems: Development of Catalysts, Semiconductors, and Interfaces
Authors: Jaramillo Thomas F 
Published: January 2022

Hydrogen (H2) is an important industrial chemical, produced at a global rate > 50 billion kg/year. Nearly all of this H2 is derived from fossil fuels using today’s conventional processes. Developing new pathways for the renewable production of H2 could play an important role in reaching sustainability goals for the globe.
Two particularly intriguing pathways to renewable H2 production include solar photoelectrochemical (PEC) water-splitting and PV-powered water electrolysis. This talk will describe advances in both areas, with a focus on the development of catalysts, semiconductors, and interfaces. Examples will include unassisted PEC water-splitting systems with different configurations, involving a range of semiconductor and catalyst materials, as well as non-precious metal catalyst development for PEM electrolysis.