bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Motion‐corrected 3D‐EPTI with efficient 4D navigator acquisition for fast and robust whole‐brain quantitative imaging
Authors: Dong Zijing , Wang Fuyixue , Setsompop Kawin 
Published: April 2022

PurposeTo develop a motion estimation and correction method for motion‐robust three‐dimensional (3D) quantitative imaging with 3D‐echo‐planar time‐resolved imaging.Theory and MethodsThe 3D‐echo‐planar time‐resolved imaging technique was designed with additional four‐dimensional navigator acquisition (x‐y‐z‐echoes) to achieve fast and motion‐robust quantitative imaging of the human brain. The four‐dimensional‐navigator is inserted into the relaxation‐recovery deadtime of the sequence in every pulse TR (∼2 s) to avoid extra scan time, and to provide continuous tracking of the 3D head motion and B0‐inhomogeneity changes. By using an optimized spatiotemporal encoding combined with a partial‐Fourier scheme, the navigator acquires a large central k‐t data block for accurate motion estimation using only four small‐flip‐angle excitations and readouts, resulting in negligible signal‐recovery reduction to the 3D‐echo‐planar time‐resolved imaging acquisition. By incorporating the estimated motion and B0‐inhomogeneity changes into the reconstruction, multi‐contrast images can be recovered with reduced motion artifacts.ResultsSimulation shows the cost to the SNR efficiency from the added navigator acquisitions is <1%. Both simulation and in vivo retrospective experiments were conducted, that demonstrate the four‐dimensional navigator provided accurate estimation of the 3D motion and B0‐inhomogeneity changes, allowing effective reduction of image artifacts in quantitative maps. Finally, in vivo prospective undersampling acquisition was performed with and without head motion, in which the motion corrupted data after correction show close image quality and consistent quantifications to the motion‐free scan, providing reliable quantitative measurements even with head motion.ConclusionThe proposed four‐dimensional navigator acquisition provides reliable tracking of the head motion and B0 change with negligible SNR cost, equips the 3D‐echo‐planar time‐resolved imaging technique for motion‐robust and efficient quantitative imaging.
Spatial and Temporal Distribution and Habitat Selection of Native Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout and Nonnative Utah Chub
Authors: McCarrick Darcy K. , Dillon Jeffrey C. , High Brett , Quist Michael C. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Henrys Lake, Idaho, is a renowned trophy trout fishery that faces an uncertain future following the establishment of Utah Chub (UTC) Gila atraria. Utah Chub were first documented in the lake in 1993 and have become abundant over the past two decades. Little is known about the ecology of UTC, but they typically have negative effects on salmonids in systems where they have been introduced. We sought to fill knowledge gaps in UTC ecology and provide insight on potential interactions with Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout (YCT) Oncorhynchus clarkii bouvieri. Ninety-four YCT and 95 UTC were radio-tagged in spring 2019 and 2020 to better understand potential interactions between YCT and UTC in Henrys Lake. Fish were located via mobile tracking and fixed receivers from June to December 2019 and 2020. In June of both years, YCT and UTC were concentrated in nearshore habitats. As water temperatures increased, UTC were documented in deeper water (mean ± SD = 3.6 ± 1.4 m) and YCT became more concentrated in areas with cold water (e.g., mouths of tributaries, in-lake springs). In July and August, large congregations of UTC were observed. Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout were detected in tributaries from June to August, but no UTC were detected in the tributaries. By late fall (November–December), YCT were located along the shoreline and UTC were detected in the middle of the lake. Both YCT and UTC were observed in areas with dense vegetation. Macrophytes likely provided a food source for UTC and cover from predators for both species. Locations of YCT were negatively related to warm water temperatures, whereas UTC were positively associated with warm water temperatures. Results from this research fill knowledge gaps in UTC and YCT interactions as well as provide valuable insight on the ecology of UTC and adfluvial Cutthroat Trout populations. Furthermore, distribution patterns and habitat selectivity of YCT and UTC in Henrys Lake can be used to inform management decisions for fishery improvement and YCT conservation.
General analytical solutions for one‐dimensional nonlinear consolidation of saturated clay under non‐isothermal distribution condition
Authors: Li Jiangshan , Jiang Wenhao , Ge Shangqi , Chen Xiaohui , Chen Xin , Liu Lei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe fluctuation of temperature leads to the changes of physical‐mechanical properties of clayey soils. In some practical projects such as landfills, the compacted clay liner is usually subjected to a non‐isothermal distribution state. For one‐dimensional nonlinear consolidation process of saturated clay under non‐isothermal distribution condition, the general analytical solutions considering time‐dependent loading are derived for the first time, where the methods of algebraic transformation and separation variable are used. Moreover, two forms of boundary conditions are included according to engineering practice. Referring to the proposed general analytical solutions, the expressions for the analytical solutions under instantaneous loading pattern and single‐stage linear loading pattern are developed. Besides, the correctness of the presented analytical solutions is validated by comparing with the existing analytical solutions and finite difference solutions. Based on the proposed analytical solutions, the influence of temperature gradient, final loading and loading time on the consolidation behaviors is analyzed. It is found that the increase in temperature gradient accelerates the consolidation rate, and the average volume compressibility coefficient decreases by 65.4% when final loading increases from 50 to 500 kPa. In conclusion, the analytical solutions proposed in this study are more comprehensive and can be applied in different engineering cases.
Study of the optical, thermal, morphological and mechanical characteristics of a laser weldable fiber reinforced polymer
Authors: Silva Luiz R. R. , Marques Eduardo A. S. , Carbas Ricardo J. C. , Akhavan‐Safar Alireza , da Silva Lucas F. M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn recent years, varied industrial users such as the automotive and electronic manufacturers, have greatly expanded the application of technical polymers, exploring the lower weight, improved moldability of complex parts and good mechanical performance that these materials can provide, especially when reinforced with fibers. Among these materials, polybutylene terephthalate reinforced with 30% glass fiber, designated as PBT GF30, is highly interesting, since it combines excellent mechanical properties with watertightness, allowing PBT GF30 to be used in the encapsulation of sensitive electronic elements. However, to maintain access, PBT GF30 products always require the use of joints, which are often created using laser welding. This work presents a detailed characterization of the thermal, optical, mechanical, and morphological characteristics of PBT‐GF30 suitable for laser welding, supported by a numerical analysis. This process allowed to determine the influence of thermal energy on the behavior of the material and thus fully understand the mechanical response of the material after laser welding. Testing of the PBT GF30 in the as received state confirmed a fusion temperature of 225°C and large energy absorption for wavelengths around 1000 nm. Exposure to large temperatures leads to increased fiber exposure and matrix degradation, with a deleterious effect on the mechanical properties. When treated at the highest temperature under consideration, the material exhibited a reduction of 66% in its ultimate tensile stress, 67% in the yield at failure, 45% in the Young's modulus and 44% in the stress intensity factor. Hardness was less affected by the temperature increase. From the numerical model for the tensile and the compact tension tests, it was possible to find a good degree of convergence. This material was generally found suitable for laser welding processes and the determined useful to support the modeling the behavior of laser welded joints.
Psychological impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on hospital workers in Kobe: A cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Fukushima Haruko , Imai Hissei , Miyakoshi Chisato , Miyai Hiroyuki , Otani Kyohei , Aoyama Shinsuke , Matsuishi Kunitaka 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimMany health‐care workers exposed to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) are psychologically distressed. This study aimed to investigate the psychological impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on hospital workers under the emergency declaration in Japan.MethodsThis cross‐sectional, survey‐based study collected sociodemographic data and responses to 19 stress‐related questions and the Impact of Event Scale‐Revised (IES‐R), which measures post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, from all 3217 staff members at Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital from April 16, 2020 to June 8, 2020. Exploratory factor analysis was applied to the 19 stress‐related questions. Multiple regression models were used to evaluate the association of personal characteristics with each score of the four factors and the IES‐R.ResultsWe received 951 valid responses; 640 of these were by females, and 311 were by respondents aged in their 20s. Nurses accounted for the largest percentage of the job category. Women, those aged in their 30s–50s, nurses, and frontline workers had a high risk of experiencing stress. The prevalence of stress (IES‐R ≥ 25) was 16.7%. The psychological impact was significantly greater for those aged in their 30s–50s and those who were not medical doctors.ConclusionsThis is the first study to examine the stress of hospital workers, as measured by the IES‐R, under the emergency declaration in Japan. It showed that women, those aged in their 30s–50s, nurses, and frontline workers have a high risk of experiencing stress. Health and medical institutions should pay particular attention to the physical and psychological health of these staff members.
Genetic diagnosis of common fetal renal abnormalities detected on prenatal ultrasound
Authors: Liu Ling , Li Juan , Li Ying , Li Haiyu , Yang Bo , Fan Hui , Wang Jing , Gu Yanting , Yu Hui , Bai Maohuan , Yu Tantan , Cui Shihong , Cheng Guomei , Ren Chenchen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectivesThis retrospective study aimed to investigate the correlations between phenotypes of fetal renal abnormalities on prenatal ultrasound and genetic aetiologies detected using chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) and whole‐exome sequencing (WES).MethodsFetuses with renal abnormalities were subjected to CMA and were further analysed by WES when CMA‐negative. The detection rates for chromosomal abnormalities and monogenic variants among different types of isolated renal abnormalities and those with extrarenal abnormalities (non‐isolated cases) were determined and compared.ResultsCMA detected chromosomal abnormalities in 78 of 577 fetuses (13.52%). WES detected monogenic variants in 31 of 160 fetuses (19.38%) that had non‐diagnostic CMA results. In cases of isolated hyperechogenic kidney, polycystic kidney disease, and multicystic dysplastic kidney, the detection rates of copy number variants (CNVs) by CMA and monogenic variants by WES were not significantly different (p > 0.05). However, monogenic variants were more frequently detected than CNVs when kidney abnormalities were accompanied by reduced amniotic fluid (p < 0.05). Other renal abnormalities identified on prenatal ultrasound had different detection rates.ConclusionsOur findings contribute to the overall knowledge of genetic variants associated with prenatally identified renal anomalies and may aid in decision making regarding prenatal genetic testing options for affected pregnancies.
Effect of intumescent flame retardants on non‐isothermal crystallization behavior of high‐density polyethylene
Authors: Mysiukiewicz Olga , Sałasińska Kamila , Barczewski Mateusz , Celiński Maciej , Skórczewska Katarzyna 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this study, the influence of the addition of intumescent flame retardants (IFRs) on the non‐isothermal crystallization of high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) was studied. The investigations were carried out for polyethylene compositions containing two different IFRs, ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and a mixture of copper phosphate and melamine phosphate (CUMP). Both IFRs have been incorporated with a constant amount of 20 wt%. Non‐isothermal kinetic parameters were calculated from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis using the Jeziorny and Mo methods. The research demonstrates the appropriateness of using the latter approach to evaluate the HDPE‐based crystallization process changes. The results of the obtained kinetic parameters describing HDPE crystallization were related to the activation energy assessed by the Friedman method, microscopic analysis performed using polarized light microscopy, and wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (WAXS). Despite the increase in the activation energy (EX) of the flame retarded polyethylene series, the degree of crystallinity was comparable to that of unmodified HDPE due to a limited dependence effect of EX on relative crystallinity. Investigations made using polarized light microscopy showed an increase in the density of spherulite impingement for HDPE/IFRs. Moreover, despite introducing crystalline organic compounds, polyethylene did not reveal any polymorphic changes according to WAXS.
Kinetic Predictions Concerning the Long‐Term Stability of TKX‐50 and Other Common Explosives Using the NETZSCH Kinetics Neo Software
Authors: Harter Alexander G. , Klapötke Thomas M. , Lechner Jasmin T. , Stierstorfer Jörg 
Published: April 2022

AbstractExplosives are used in both military and civilian applications all over the world. Sufficient longevity and good thermal stability are therefore essential for safe handling and safe storage of energetic materials. In this work, five well‐known compounds, TKX‐50, RDX, HMX, CL‐20 and PETN, were investigated by means of different kinetic models, in order to make predictions about their long‐term stability. For this purpose, the compounds were synthesized according to literature‐known procedures and thermogravimetric (TG) measurements were performed. The TG plots were analyzed using the Ozawa‐Flynn‐Wall, Friedman and ASTM E698 kinetic models with the NETZSCH Kinetics Neo software and the activation energy and isothermal long‐term stability were determined. Moreover, various climatic predictions of different countries were made.
Membranome 3.0: Database of single‐pass membrane proteins with AlphaFold models
Authors: Lomize Andrei L. , Schnitzer Kevin A. , Todd Spencer C. , Cherepanov Stanislav , Outeiral Carlos , Deane Charlotte M. , Pogozheva Irina D. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe Membranome database provides comprehensive structural information on single‐pass (i.e., bitopic) membrane proteins from six evolutionarily distant organisms, including protein–protein interactions, complexes, mutations, experimental structures, and models of transmembrane α‐helical dimers. We present a new version of this database, Membranome 3.0, which was significantly updated by revising the set of 5,758 bitopic proteins and incorporating models generated by AlphaFold 2 in the database. The AlphaFold models were parsed into structural domains located at the different membrane sides, modified to exclude low‐confidence unstructured terminal regions and signal sequences, validated through comparison with available experimental structures, and positioned with respect to membrane boundaries. Membranome 3.0 was re‐developed to facilitate visualization and comparative analysis of multiple 3D structures of proteins that belong to a specified family, complex, biological pathway, or membrane type. New tools for advanced search and analysis of proteins, their interactions, complexes, and mutations were included. The database is freely accessible at https://membranome.org.
Pulse‐field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance of protein translational diffusion from native to non‐native states
Authors: Whitehead Richard D. , Teschke Carolyn M. , Alexandrescu Andrei T. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHydrodynamic radii (Rh‐values) calculated from diffusion coefficients measured by pulse‐field‐gradient nuclear magnetic resonance are compared for folded and unfolded proteins. For native globular proteins, the Rh‐values increase as a power of 0.35 with molecular size, close to the scaling factor of 0.33 predicted from polymer theory. Unfolded proteins were studied under four sets of conditions: in the absence of denaturants, in the presence of 6 M urea, in 95% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and in 40% hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP). Scaling factors under all four unfolding conditions are similar (0.49–0.53) approaching the theoretical value of 0.60 for a fully unfolded random coil. Persistence lengths are also similar, except smaller in 95% DMSO, suggesting that the polypeptides are more disordered on a local scale with this solvent. Three of the proteins in our unfolded set have an asymmetric sequence‐distribution of charged residues. While these proteins behave normally in water and 6 M urea, they give atypically low Rh‐values in 40% HFIP and 95% DMSO suggesting they are forming electrostatic hairpins, favored by their asymmetric sequence charge distribution and the low dielectric constants of DMSO and HFIP. While diffusion‐ordered NMR spectroscopy can separate small molecules, we show a number of factors combine to make protein‐sized molecules much more difficult to resolve in mixtures. Finally, we look at the temperature dependence of apparent diffusion coefficients. Small molecules show a linear temperature response, while large proteins show abnormally large apparent diffusion coefficients at high temperatures due to convection, suggesting diffusion reference standards are only useful near 25°C.
Sarcoidosis following SARS‐CoV‐2 infection: Cause or consequence?
Authors: Palones Esther , Pajares Virginia , López Laura , Castillo Diego , Torrego Alfons 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has been a worldwide medical challenge. Despite rapid advancements, many questions regarding SARS‐CoV‐2 interaction with other pathologies and long‐term consequences remained unanswered. Sarcoidosis is a multi‐systemic granulomatous disease that develops in genetically predisposed individuals following their exposure to an environmental trigger. We present the case of a patient who was diagnosed with sarcoidosis following a SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.
Biomarker based biosensors: An opportunity for diagnosis of COVID‐19
Authors: Khaksarinejad Reza , Arabpour Zohreh , RezaKhani Leila , Parvizpour Farzad , Rasmi Yousef 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEarly diagnosis and treatment of diseases are crucial research areas of human health. For early diagnosis, one method that has proven efficient is the detection of biomarkers which can provide real‐time and accurate biological information. Most biomarker detection is currently carried out at localised dedicated laboratories using large and automated analysers, increasing waiting time and costs. Smaller, faster, and cheaper devices could potentially replace these time‐consuming laboratory analyses and make analytical results available as point‐of‐care diagnostics. Innovative biosensor‐based strategies could allow biomarkers to be tested reliably in a decentralised setting. Early diagnosis of COVID‐19 patients has a key role in order to use quarantine and treatment strategies in a timely manner. Raised levels of several biomarkers in COVID‐19 patients are associated with respiratory infections or dysfunction of various organs. Through clinical studies of COVID‐19 patient biomarkers such as ferritin, Interleukins, albumin and …are found to reveals significant differences in their excretion ranges from healthy patients and patients with SARS‐CoV‐2, in addition to the development of biomarkers based biosensor such as stated biomarkers can be used and to investigate more specific biomarkers further proteomic analysis can be performed. This review presents several biomarker alterations in COVID‐19 patients such as salivary, circulatory, coagulation, cardiovascular, renal, liver, C‐reactive protein (CRP), immunological and inflammatory biomarkers. Also, biomarker sensors based on electrochemical, optical, and lateral flow characteristics which have potential applications for SARS‐COV‐2 in the recent COVID‐19 pandemic, will be discussed.
Effects of grazing, rotation, and tillage on surface runoff in a heavy textured Uruguayan soil
Authors: Barreto Patricia , Ernst Oswaldo , Pérez Bidegain Mario , Perdomo Carlos 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAdopting no‐till (NT) after conventional tillage (CT) could affect surface runoff, but this effect may also depend on the rotation type, such as continuous grain crop (CC) or crop–pasture rotation (CP). The objective of this study was to assess the effects of soil‐tillage practices and rotation type on runoff in a long‐term field (LTF) trial established in 1993 on a Mollisol. This experiment was carried from 2012 to 2017 and included three tillage rotations (NT–CP, NT–CC, and CT–CP) and a natural pasture (NP) as a control, with three replications. Runoff was monitored under natural rainfall in microplots. The pasture of the CP treatment was rotationally grazed with dairy cows at high stocking rates before this experiment. We hypothesized that soil compaction by animal trampling during grazing would increase surface runoff regardless of tillage type. We measured the number of events and runoff depth in all treatments, grain yield, soil bulk density (BD), and infiltration rate (IR) in NT–CP and NT–CC. The results showed a statistically significant increase in average runoff (107 mm yr–1) for all rotations relative to NP (68 mm yr–1) and a significant difference for the mean of both CP rotations (119 mm yr–1) compared with NT–CC (83 mm yr–1). During the crop phase (excluding the pasture), the two NT rotations showed a similar trend, but with higher BD (1.23 g cm–3) and lower IR (27.2 mm h–1) for NT–CP. We concluded that animal trampling increased surface runoff regardless of tillage, but this effect would need to be confirmed at other sites.
Understanding transgender persons' careers to advance sustainable development: The case of Trans for Career Thailand
Authors: Fontana Enrico , Siriwichai Prapassorn 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCareers are fundamental in progressing gender and income equality as key objectives of sustainable development. However, transgender persons often face unique challenges that prevent them from advancing in the world of work. This article elaborates upon the case of “Trans for Career Thailand,” an advocacy group established during the COVID‐19 pandemic with the purpose of offering career and employment opportunities to all transgender persons. Through primary and secondary data, the findings elucidate how “Trans for Career Thailand” uses its social media presence to buildcareer knowledge, a community of career professionalsand, finally,a trans career movement. This article shines a spotlight on the careers of transgender persons as a point of departure for advancing gender and income equality. Hence, it contributes to career development literature while offering important recommendations for sustainable development, employment policies, and advocacy groups.