bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nitrogen Supersaturation of AISI316 Base Stainless Steels at 673 K and 623 K for Hardening and Microstructure Control
Authors: Aizawa Tatsuhiko , Shiratori Tomomi , Yoshino Tomoaki , Suzuki Yohei , Komatsu Takafumi 
Published: February 2022

The high-density plasma nitriding at 673 K and 623 K was employed to make 10% of nitrogen supersaturation on AISI316 base austenitic stainless steels. The processing parameters and nitrogen-hydrogen gas flow ratio were optimized to increase the yield of N2+ ion and NH-radical for efficient nitriding. The nitrided AISI316 specimens were prepared for multidimensional analysis to describe the fundamental features of low-temperature plasma nitriding. First, macroscopic evaluation revealed that nitrogen supersaturation induced the γ-lattice expansion and the higher nitrogen content than 4% of mass in depth. The mesoscopic analysis describes the holding temperature and initial grain-size effects on the microstructure changes. Plastic straining, grain-size refinement, and nitrogen zone-boundary diffusion processes advance with nitrogen supersaturation to drive the inner nitriding behavior. The microscopic analysis explains the microstructure refinement, the two-phase structuring, and the microstructure modification. Through this multi-dimensional analysis, the essential characteristics of the low-temperature plasma nitriding of 316 austenitic stainless steels were precisely understood to extend the engineering treatise on the bulk nitrogen stainless steels for surface modification and treatment of stainless steels by nitriding. This plasma nitriding was applied to strengthen and harden the AISI316 wire surfaces toward its application on surgery wires.
A Comparative Study of Personal Hygiene in Public and Private Schools in an Urban Local Government Area of Rivers State
Authors: Nwadiuto Ifeoma , Anyiam Felix Emeka , Babatunde Seye , Ordinioha Best 
Published: February 2022

Background: Healthy and well-nourished children are better able to participate completely in school and hence profit from education. Poor hygiene habits contribute to the increasing burden of communicable diseases by causing days lost to illness. The study aims to compare the level of knowledge and practice of personal hygiene of pupils of public and private schools in an urban Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria.
Methods: This comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in four public and private primary schools in Port Harcourt LGA, Rivers State. The sample size was calculated and 139 pupils were randomly selected, 75 in the public and 64 in the private schools. Data collection was done with the use of interviewer-administered questionnaire. Data was analysed using SPSS Version 16. Differences in means were compared using Student’s t-test while association between categorical variables were examined with Chi-Square (X2) test. A probability value ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: Public and private school pupils had very good hygiene knowledge (Χ2=0.101; p=0.97). Assessment of the personal hygiene revealed that the proportion of pupils who were rated as ‘very clean’ was higher in the private schools than the public schools, although not statistically significant (Χ2=2.881; p=0.277). There were significant differences in favour of the private schools in the cleanliness of the nails, body (skin) and mouth/teeth with p-values of 0.027, 0.003 and 0.003 respectively.
Conclusions: Pupils in public and private schools have a very high level of hygiene knowledge but low hygiene practice. This could indicate that additional health personnel are needed in Nigeria and other poor nations to care for the health of schoolchildren.
Effect of Drip Irrigation and Inter Cropping Systems on Growth Characters of Maize
Authors: Kumar C. Navin , Selvam S. Panneer , Ramanathan S. P. , Kalarani S. , Nagarajan G. , Duraisamy S. 
Published: February 2022

Aims: The main aim of the study is to reduce the irrigation quantity for maize and intercrop adds extra value to the sole crop by generating additional income to the farmers.
Study Design: Factorial Randomised Block Design (FRBD).
Place and Duration of Study: Eastern block farm, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore during summer and Kharif 2021.
Methodology: Maize as a sole crop and inter crop was grown under drip and flooded conditions. To quantify the irrigation with different set of irrigation as treatments (75% PE, 100% PE and 125% PE) was followed. Irrigation under flooded conditions was quantified using parshall flume. Different inter crops like Lab Lab, Green gram, Black Gram and Cow pea was raised within the rows of maize. The duration of inter crops was less than 60 days than that of maize.
Results: During its peak cob formation stage (61-90 days), the quantity of water applied to the plant was higher with 125 % PE (205858.8 l/day) followed by 100% PE (123515.3 l/day) and 75 % PE (164687.1 l/day). The higher plant height was observed with 280.5 cm in Maize + Lab Lab followed by black gram, green gram and cowpea. Irrigation level varied significantly with 100% open pan evaporation on plant growth (254.8 cm) followed by 75% open pan evaporation. Interaction effect was significant in Maize + Lab Lab cropping system alone, irrespective of the irrigation treatments (75, 100, 125 % PE and flooding).
Conclusion: Water requirement with the month and stage wise during the crop growth clearly indicates that the minimum amount of water is required for the crop growth and development.
A Prospective Study on Clinical Efficacy of Intravitreal Bevacizumab and Macular Grid Laser in Patients with Macular Edema Secondary to Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion
Authors: Hazra Soumyadeep , Kanti Saha Tapes 
Published: February 2022

Background: Branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) is the second most common cause of retinal vascular abnormality after diabetic retinopathy. Persistent macular edema develops in 60% of eyes with BRVO. Untreated, only 14% of eyes with chronic macular edema will have a visual acuity (VA) of 20/40 or better. If not resolved spontaneously, treatment is necessary in the form of intravitreal injection of Anti-VEGF followed by Macular Grid Laser. Bevacizumab is the Anti-VEGF of choice in developing countries because of its prolonged action and cheap price, which helps in preventing neovascularisation and thus further haemorrhages. Laser helps in stopping the leakage and thus helps in treating the macular edema.
Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study is to evaluate the efficacy of intravitreal Bevacizumab and Macular grid laser in the management of macular edema secondary to Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion in patients attending the ophthalmology.
Materials and Methods: In this research study, 32 patients presenting with macular edema secondary to Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion to ophthalmology OPD were included after taking their consent and the study was carried out for a period of 2 years. Detailed history taking, Visual acuity, slit lamp examination, Fundus examination and OCT were done for all before treatment and also during every follow ups. FFA was done before treatment and after 3 months of laser. As treatment, all of them were given intravitreal injection of bevacizumab followed by macular grid laser.Patients were followed up on Day 1, Day 4, Day 7 and 4 weeks after intravitreal injection and 3 months after grid laser.
Results: In our study out of 32 patients, 17 were male (52%) and 15 were females (48%). The average age of the patient was 59 (range 40-70). The commonest co-morbidities in the patients were either Diabetes or Hypertension or both. The commonest type of BRVO was superotemporal BRVO. The average visual gain was statistically significant. The average decrease in Central Macular Thickness was 383 microns and this was statistically significant (p<0.05). There was no serious ocular or systemic complications following intravitreal injection of Bevacizumab in our study
Conclusion: In the management of macular edema secondary to Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion Intravitreal Bevacizumab injections in combination with subsequent macular grid treatment significantly improves vision and reduces macular edema.
Study of Fissure Soles: Prevalence and Their Association with Various Dermatoses
Authors: Petkar Sunil , Waghmare Pratima , Sankhe Ketaki , Maheshawari Pravin 
Published: February 2022

Heel ﬁssures are splits or cracks in the epidermis, which can manifest as a consequence of anhidrosis and may or may not present with hyperkeratosis. Epidermal ﬁssures are superﬁcial and not considered to be a wound at this early stage. However, with increased pressure these splits become deeper, involving the dermis so that they begin to bleed and result in pain on weight-bearing activities. These ﬁssures are regarded as partial-thickness skin wounds and are at increased risk of developing infection.
In Theory anyone can get a cracked heel or fissure soles but certain conditions predisposing to fissure soles are Congenital causes - Juvenile Plantar Dermatosis
Acquired causes - Eczema, Atopic Dermatitis, Tinea pedis,Psoriasis especially Palmoplantar psoriasis, Palmoplantar Keratodermas, Leprosy, Systemic causes-Diabetes mellitus, Hypothyroidism, Scleroderma, Rheumatoid arthritis.
Case Report on Bipolar Affecting Disorder with Hypertension
Authors: Deotale Ishwari H. , Ankar Ruchira , Singh Seema , Raut Arti , Sakharkar Sheetal 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Bipolar disorder (BD) is one of the foremost frequent chronic disorders in populations where depression is usually present; however, in chronic cases, it can raise the danger of death. Bipolar major Affective Disorder (BPAD) may be a common and recurrent psychiatric disorder that affects people everywhere on the planet. Tt's characterized by episodes of mania, hypomania, hyperactivity, and depression.
Findings of Clinical: A 45-year-old woman from Chandrapur is admitted to the (AVBRH) Archarya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital Sawangi Meghe (Wardha), in a mental health ward(Psychiatric ward) with a known case of Bipolar major Affective Disorder. Her relatives brought her to AVBRH, where she is admitted with the chief complaint of low mood, muttering to herself, violent and abusive behavior. A case of bipolar major affective disorder is been identified. Both manic and hypomanic episodes are feasible. Bouncy, jumpy, or wired unusually. Increased activity, excitement, or energy. Feelings of satisfaction and self-assurance that are exaggerated (euphoria). Thyroid function testing and urine analyses were done with a A/B testing A simple randomized controlled experiment was done. A variety of procedures is used, including (CBC) complete blood count, (MRI)Magnetic Resonance Imaging, (CT) scan Computed Tomography, Mental Status Examination, and (ECT)Electroconvulsive Therapy with Psychotherapy.
Therapeutic Intervention: Olanzapine, sodium valproate, capacitance, and cloze, chlorpromazine are examples of pharmacological therapy given.
Conclusion: After treatment, the patient's manic episodes stop and her symptoms began to fade.
Branches of a Rotten Tree - Trending Variants of COVID-19 and their Oral Manifestations
Authors: Bhandwalkar Sakshi , Madhu Priyanka Paul , Chhabra Kumar Gaurav , Reche Amit 
Published: February 2022

Coronavirus was first originated in the city of Wuhan, China, in late 2019 however the flare-up spread rapidly across the globe in the primary long stretches of 2020. It was announced a worldwide pandemic by the WHO on 11 March 2020. WHO's present approaches and defends are as yet viable against viral strains found since the episode started. The Delta variety of the Covid, which causes COVID-19, causes a greater number of diseases and spreads speedier than prior variations of the infection. The Delta variation is profoundly infectious, over 2x as infectious as past variations. On November 24, 2021, another variation of COVID-19, B.1.1.529, was accounted for to the planet Health Organization (WHO). On November 26, 2021, WHO named the B.1.1.529 Omicron and arranged it as a Variant of Concern (VOC). The Omicron variation probably will spread more effectively than the primary SARS-CoV-2 infection and the way effectively Omicron spreads contrasted with Delta stays obscure. Acute Corona viral infection, along with related treatment approaches, might cause negative oral health effects. The spectrum of COVID-19 symptoms on the oral cavity has been deemed of broad and current interest since the prevalence of clinical manifestations is unclear. As well as establishing general wellbeing and contamination control measures to forestall or decrease SARS-CoV-2 transmission, inoculation to forestall SARS-CoV-2 disease in networks all through the world is basic to forestalling this worldwide pandemic [1].
Comparative Evaluation of Alpha-Amylase and Alpha- Glucosidase Inhibitory Potential of Aqueous Seed Extract of Trigonella Foenum-Graecum and Moringa Oleifera - An In vitro Study
Authors: Prithiksha N. , Gayathri R. , Priya V. Vishnu , Selvaraj J. , Kavitha S. 
Published: February 2022

Background: Trigonella foenum-graecum is one of the commonly used herbs in food. Moringa oleifera is a source of food, accommodation and conventional medicine for many peoples in the developing countriesThe seeds of both the plants were explored for antidiabetic potential.
Methods: The current work was designed to probe the in vitro anti diabetic potential of the aqueous seed elicit of trigonella foenum- graceus and Moringa oleifera using the enzymes alpha amylase and alpha glucosidase.Both the extracts were screened for their phytochemicals and antioxidant potential was also analysed.The data were examine statistically by a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan’s multiple range test was used to see the statistical significance in conjunction with groups. The results with the p<0.05 level were considered to be statistically significant.
Result: Due to its chemical ingredient and active compounds like amino acids, alkaloids, flavonoids, it proceeds as a good antioxidant. Trigonella foenum-graecum seed extract exhibited comparatively higher antidiabetic potential with an IC50 of 300µg/ml than the Moringa oleifera extract. Results of the work designate that both extracts of the plant possessed by forbidding alpha amylase, alpha glucosidase show maximum inhibition. Hence concluded that, Trigonella foenum graecum leaves might be considered as herbal remedies for diabetes.
Conclusion: In vitro antioxidant and antidiabetic potential of seed elicit of Trigonella foenum-graecum and Moringa oleifera were analyzed and compared. This study shows that Trigonella foenum-graecum has higher antidiabetic potential than the Moringa oleifera extract.
Evaluation of Antidiabetic Potential of Ethanolic Extracts of Cissus quadrangularis and Cinnamomum tamala - An in vitro Study
Authors: Priyadharshni R. , Kavitha S. , Gayathri R. , Vishnupriya V. , Selvaraj J. 
Published: February 2022

Background: Diabetes is a rapidly growing metabolic disorder of the present generation. Uncontrolled diabetes leads to various complications which in turn affects the vascular system, neuropathy,and more. Medicinal plants are always a good source of drug equivalent currently present. Antidiabetic drugs lead to a large amount of side effects. A comparative study was made between Cissus quadrangularis and Cinnamomum tamala for its antidiabetic potential.
Aim: To evaluate the antioxidant and antidiabetic potential of ethanolic extract of Cissus quadrangularis and Cinnamomum tamala and to compare its efficacy.
Materials and Methods: Ethanolic extracts of Cissus quadrangularis and Cinnamomum tamala were tested for its phytoconstituents, antioxidant and antidiabetic potential.The data were analyzed statistically by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan’s multiple range test and it was used to see the statistical significance among the groups. The results with the p<0.05 level were considered to be statistically significant.
Results: Phytochemical screening showed a strong presence of flavonoids and terpenoids in both the plant extract. Results showed that plant extract had antidiabetic and antioxidant activity. Among them Cissus quadrangularis exhibited significantly more antidiabetic and antioxidant activity.
Conclusion: The ethanolic extract of Cissus and Cinnamomum tamala exhibits potent antidiabetic and antioxidant properties. With further invivo and invitro studies the plant extract can be formulated into a potent antidiabetic drug.
Effect of Strawberry Extract on Tooth Discoloration and Morphology- An in vitro Study
Authors: Neha R. , Priya V. Vishnu , Arthanari Abirami , Gayathri R. , Kavitha S. , Reshma P. K. 
Published: February 2022

Background: Teeth whitening or dental bleaching is a procedure that is most often asked by patients because it is a very effective way to improve the appearance and aesthetics of a smile when compared with other invasive restorative treatments. Strawberry being a natural ingredient helps in the teeth whitening process.
Aim: The aim of the study is to find the effect of strawberry extract on tooth discoloration and morphology
Materials and Methods: Non- carious tooth samples were used for the experiment. Mandibular premolars were used as the samples, in which one tooth was immersed in strawberry extract and the other was in distilling water and kept for three days. The height and size of the tooth were measured to determine morphological changes before and after experiments. The results were compared between the dimensions of both the teeth for 72 hours and plotted into a bar graph.
Results: The results indicated that there were no significant morphological changes between the tooth immersed in strawberry extract and distilled water.
Conclusion: Fruits and leaves of strawberry plants are used to whiten teeth. Chewing strawberries every day can help to nourish the mouth, such as whitening of teeth and making breath more fresher. All these processes take place only if teeth are exposed to strawberry for a long period. Our study established the teeth whitening and anti-decay properties of strawberry extract in the teeth. Further research is required to observe the effect of strawberry extract on teeth in detail.
Lip Prints Analysis: An Observational Study
Authors: Samudhrasri S. , Priya V. Vishnu , Arthanari Abirami , Gayathri R. , Kavitha S. , Reshma P. K. , Dinesh Y. 
Published: February 2022

Aim: The aim of the present study is to determine the lip prints among undergraduate dental students.
Introduction: Human identification is a universal process based on scientific principles mainly involving fingerprinting. Uniqueness is a strong point used in the analysis of fingerprints to convince the court of law. Even the lip prints are unique for an individual and can be used for identification purposes. Thus lip prints can be used to verify the presence or absence of a person at the scene of crime. The aim of this study is to analyse lip prints among undergraduate dental students.
Materials and Methods: The study group consisted of 50 females. The materials used were lipstick, a brush for applying the lipstick, and magnifying lens. Lipstick was applied evenly on the vermilion border of the lips and the pattern was studied.
Results: This study of lip print pattern of 50 females revealed the following observation:
No two lip prints matched each other establishing the uniqueness of lip prints and type 2(branched Y shaped grooves) is most commonly seen.
Conclusion: This study showed that lip prints are unique for an individual and hold potential promise as a supplementary tool in forensic odontology.
Preliminary Phytochemical, Antioxidant and Hypolipidemic Potential of Aqueous Extract of Ferula asafoetida-An in vitro Study
Authors: Asmidha T. , Gayathri R. , Priya V. Vishnu , Selvaraj J. , Kavitha S. 
Published: February 2022

Aim: To analyse the preliminary phytochemical, antioxidant, anti-cholesterol potential of aqueous extract of Ferula asafoetida.
Background: Hyperlipidemia is considered as one of the leading causes behind the occurrence of deadly disorders like diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, atherosclerosis etc. It is characterised by elevated levels of plasma lipids, mainly total cholesterol. Antioxidants are compounds which can inhibit oxidative damage. is the herbaceous plant belonging to the family Umbelliferae. It is used as spice in food and also used as digestive aid. It is used in the treatment of asthma and whooping cough and it also helps to reduce blood pressure.
Methods: Aqueous extract of Ferula asafoetida was prepared by hot percolation method. The screening of phytochemical constituents, assessment of in vitro antioxidant activity and anticholesterol activity were done using standard procedures and the data were analysed statistically using one-way analysis of variance (ONE-WAY ANOVA) and the significance was considered at the levels of p<0.05.
Results: Ferula asafoetida extract was rich in phytochemicals and possessed potent in vitro antioxidant activity. Anti-cholesterol activity of Ferula asafoetida extract was examined and it was observed that the plant extract exhibited significant anti cholesterol potential in a dose dependent manner with an IC 50 value of 400 µg/ml.
Conclusion: The study established the in vitro antioxidant and hypolipidemic potential of aqueous extract of Ferula asafoetida. It is concluded that the extract of Ferula asafoetida possesses potent antioxidant and anticholesterol activity.
Effect of Thermocycling on Colour Stability of Alkasite Restorative Material (Cention N) - An In Vitro Study
Authors: Kishore R. N. Arun , Ganesh S. Balaji , Jayalakshmi S. 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Cention N is an alkasite based dental restorative material, it is far less expensive unlike composite materials, it has fluoride releasing property and the strength of cention N is comparable to that of dental amalgam restorations. Colour stability is one of the major and important characteristics in dentistry, dental restoration and esthetics. The aim of the study is to evaluate the colour stability of alkasite restorative material (Cention N) before and after thermocycling.
Materials and Methods: Eight disc shaped samples of alkasite restorative material Cention N with 2 mm of thickness were prepared using a customised mould. After the disc sample preparation, they were numbered for identification and color stability was measured by using Vita easy shade advance spectrophotometer. L, a and b values were obtained before the thermocycling procedure. 1000 cycles of thermocycling was done which is equal to 6 months. The thermocycler used was TC 4 SD Mechatronik. The colour stability value after thermocycling was again determined using the vita easy shade spectrophotometer. Control group samples were not subjected to thermocycling. The colour stability values prior and after thermocycling were obtained and tabulated.
Results: Thermocycled cention N samples had low delta E values when compared to that of non thermocycled samples. Statistical analysis was done using spss software and independent t test was done. P value was found to be 0.616, showing that it is statistically insignificant.
Conclusion: From this research we can conclude that thermocycling procedure has an effect on the colour stability of the cention N material. Thermocycled cention N samples had better color stability when compared to non thermocycled cention N samples.