bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social Play Behavior Is Critical for the Development of Prefrontal Inhibitory Synapses and Cognitive Flexibility in Rats
Authors: Bijlsma Ate , Omrani Azar , Spoelder Marcia , Verharen Jeroen P.H. , Bauer Lisa , Cornelis Cosette , de Zwart Beleke , van Dorland René , Vanderschuren Louk J.M.J. , Wierenga Corette J. 
Published: October 2022

Sensory driven activity during early life is critical for setting up the proper connectivity of the sensory cortices. We ask here whether social play behavior, a particular form of social interaction that is highly abundant during postweaning development, is equally important for setting up connections in the developing prefrontal cortex (PFC). Young male rats were deprived from social play with peers during the period in life when social play behavior normally peaks [postnatal day 21–42] (SPD rats), followed by resocialization until adulthood. We recorded synaptic currents in layer 5 cells in slices from medial PFC of adult SPD and control rats and observed that inhibitory synaptic currents were reduced in SPD slices, while excitatory synaptic currents were unaffected. This was associated with a decrease in perisomatic inhibitory synapses from parvalbumin-positive GABAergic cells. In parallel experiments, adult SPD rats achieved more reversals in a probabilistic reversal learning (PRL) task, which depends on the integrity of the PFC, by using a more simplified cognitive strategy than controls. Interestingly, we observed that one daily hour of play during SPD partially rescued the behavioral performance in the PRL, but did not prevent the decrease in PFC inhibitory synaptic inputs. Our data demonstrate the importance of unrestricted social play for the development of inhibitory synapses in the PFC and cognitive skills in adulthood and show that specific synaptic alterations in the PFC can result in a complex behavioral outcome.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThis study addressed the question whether social play behavior in juvenile rats contributes to functional development of the prefrontal cortex (PFC). We found that rats that had been deprived from juvenile social play (social play deprivation - SPD) showed a reduction in inhibitory synapses in the PFC and a simplified strategy to solve a complex behavioral task in adulthood. Providing one daily hour of play during SPD partially rescued the cognitive skills in these rats, but did not prevent the reduction in PFC inhibitory synapses. Our results demonstrate a key role for unrestricted juvenile social play in PFC development and emphasize the complex relation between PFC circuit connectivity and cognitive function.
Mosaic PRKACA duplication causing a novel and distinct phenotype of early-onset Cushing's syndrome and acral cutaneous mucinosis
Authors: McGlacken-Byrne Sinéad M , Abdelmaksoud Ashraf , Haini Mohammad , Palm Liina , Ashworth Michael , Li Juan , Wang Wei , Wang Xiumin , Wang Jian , Callaghan Bridget , Kinsler Veronica A , Faravelli Francesca , Dattani Mehul T 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Genetic alterations within the cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) pathway result in a spectrum of adrenocortical disorders. Implicated genes include GNAS, PDE8B, PDE11A, PRKAR1A/B, and PRKACA. To date, pathogenic somatic PRKACA variants and germline PRKACA copy number gain have been associated with the development of cortisol-secreting adrenocortical adenomas and bilateral adrenal hyperplasia, respectively. While perturbations within the PRKAR1A gene are known to cause Carney complex, PKRACA mutations are rarely associated with an extra-adrenal phenotype. We describe a mosaic PRKACA duplication in an infant who presented with a Carney-like complex at the age of 3 months with bilateral non-pigmented micronodular adrenal hyperplasia, severe early-onset Cushing's syndrome, and distinct acral soft tissue overgrowth due to cutaneous mucinosis. This represents a novel manifestation of PRKACA disruption and broadens its extra-adrenal phenotype. It suggests that the Cushing's syndrome phenotypes arising from somatic and germline PRKACA abnormalities likely exist on a spectrum. We emphasise the importance of ascertaining a genetic diagnosis for PRKACA-mediated disease.

Significance statement
We describe a mosaic PRKACA duplication in a young infant who presented with a Carney-like complex: bilateral non-pigmented micronodular adrenal hyperplasia, severe early-onset Cushing's syndrome, and distinct acral soft tissue overgrowth due to cutaneous mucinosis. This represents a novel manifestation of PRKACA disruption and broadens the extra-adrenal phenotype of PRKACA-associated Cushing's syndrome. Our data suggest that Cushing's syndrome phenotypes arising from somatic and germline PRKACA abnormalities can exist on a spectrum. We emphasise the value of ascertaining a genetic diagnosis for PRKACA-mediated adrenal and extra-adrenal disease to guide individualised and targeted care.
Levoketoconazole treatment in endogenous Cushing's syndrome: extended evaluation of clinical, biochemical, and radiologic outcomes
Authors: Fleseriu Maria , Auchus Richard J , Greenman Yona , Zacharieva Sabina , Geer Eliza B , Salvatori Roberto , Pivonello Rosario , Feldt-Rasmussen Ulla , Kennedy Laurence , Buchfelder Michael , Biller Beverly M K , Cohen Fredric , Heaney Anthony P 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Objective
This extended evaluation (EE) of the SONICS study assessed the effects of levoketoconazole for an additional 6 months following open-label, 6-month maintenance treatment in endogenous Cushing's syndrome.

Design/Methods
SONICS included dose-titration (150–600 mg BID), 6-month maintenance, and 6-month EE phases. Exploratory efficacy assessments were performed at months 9 and 12 (relative to the start of maintenance). For pituitary MRI in patients with Cushing's disease, a threshold of ≥2 mm denoted change from baseline in the largest tumor diameter.

Results
Sixty patients entered EE at month 6; 61% (33/54 with data) exhibited normal mean urinary free cortisol (mUFC). At months 9 and 12, respectively, 55% (27/49) and 41% (18/44) of patients with data had normal mUFC. Mean fasting glucose, total and LDL-cholesterol, body weight, BMI, abdominal girth, hirsutism, CushingQoL, and Beck Depression Inventory-II scores improved from the study baseline at months 9 and 12. Forty-six patients completed month 12; four (6.7%) discontinued during EE due to adverse events. The most common adverse events in EE were arthralgia, headache, hypokalemia, and QT prolongation (6.7% each). No patient experienced alanine aminotransferase or aspartate aminotransferase &gt;3× upper limit of normal, Fridericia-corrected QT interval &gt;460 ms, or adrenal insufficiency during EE. Of 31 patients with tumor measurements at baseline and month 12 or follow-up, the largest tumor diameter was stable in 27 (87%) patients, decreased in one, and increased in three (largest increase 4 mm).

Conclusion
In the first long-term levoketoconazole study, continued treatment through a 12-month maintenance period sustained the early clinical and biochemical benefits in most patients completing EE, without new adverse effects.
Women’s Initiatives and the Reform Movement of Lithuania (1988–1989)
Authors: Jurėnienė Virginija , Purvaneckienė Giedrė 
Published: October 2022

Over 30 years have passed since the beginning of the Reform Movement; however, women’s initiatives in the Reform Movement of Lithuania have not been analysed. Commemorating the anniversary of the Reform Movement, Seimas of the Republic of Lithuania declared 2018 as the year of the Reform Movement and highlighted the period of 1988-1990 as a period of great importance in the Lithuania history when Seimas of the Reform Movement acted as a partial yet legal democratic representative of the nation in the Soviet occupation system.
The article analyses women’s engagement into the initiative groups of the Sąjūdis, their participation in the initiative group and congress. The aim of this article is to shed light on the role of women in the building of the Soviet Union and the specific nature of the activities of the women's Sąjūdis, the degree of involvement, the problems raised and the solutions proposed.
In order to achieve this goal, the archival material contained in the fund of the Lithuanian Perestroika Sąjūdis of the New Archive of the Lithuanian State, the fund of the Kaunas Movement of the Kaunas Regional State Archive, the periodical press of the time were analysed, and the following scientific research was made available.
Early Postinjury Screen Time and Concussion Recovery
Authors: Cairncross Molly , Yeates Keith Owen , Tang Ken , Madigan Sheri , Beauchamp Miriam H. , Craig William , Doan Quynh , Zemek Roger , Kowalski Kristina , Silverberg Noah D. 
Published: October 2022

OBJECTIVESTo determine the association between early screen time (7–10 days postinjury) and postconcussion symptom severity in children and adolescents with concussion, as compared to those with orthopedic injury (OI).METHODSThis was a planned secondary analysis of a prospective longitudinal cohort study. Participants were 633 children and adolescents with acute concussion and 334 with OI aged 8 to 16, recruited from 5 Canadian pediatric emergency departments. Postconcussion symptoms were measured using the Health and Behavior Inventory at 7 to 10 days, weekly for 3 months, and biweekly from 3 to 6 months postinjury. Screen time was measured by using the Healthy Lifestyle Behavior Questionnaire. Generalized least squares models were fit for 4 Health and Behavior Inventory outcomes (self- and parent-reported cognitive and somatic symptoms), with predictors including screen time, covariates associated with concussion recovery, and 2 3-way interactions (self- and parent-reported screen time with group and time postinjury).RESULTSScreen time was a significant but nonlinear moderator of group differences in postconcussion symptom severity for parent-reported somatic (P = .01) and self-reported cognitive symptoms (P = .03). Low and high screen time were both associated with relatively more severe symptoms in the concussion group compared to the OI group during the first 30 days postinjury but not after 30 days. Other risk factors and health behaviors had stronger associations with symptom severity than screen time.CONCLUSIONSThe association of early screen time with postconcussion symptoms is not linear. Recommending moderation in screen time may be the best approach to clinical management.
Prevalence of risk factors for falls among older adult ambulant patients on a chronic inpatient ward
Authors: Simonné Wiesl I. , Kis-Kós P. , Gyombolai Zs. , Kubik A. , Báthory Sz. , Kovács É. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPurposeFalls in older age are the result of the interaction of several modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors. Risk factors for falls may vary in frequency not only in different economic and cultural contexts but also in different forms of care services among the older population. The aim of the present cross-sectional descriptive observational study was to assess the prevalence of risk factors for falls among older ambulant patients on a chronic inpatient ward in Hungary.Material/MethodsData associated with risk factors for falls, such as age, sex, chronic physical and mental illness, acute illness, incontinence, history of falls, balance and gait disorder, and visual impairment, were collected from 82 participants. The frequency of these risk factors in our sample was compared with their prevalence in the elderly population living at home — based on data available in the literature and statistical databases — using chi-square tests.ResultsOur results show that the prevalence of hypertension, cerebrovascular events, dementia and diabetes are significantly higher in the elderly population in chronic inpatient care than in the elderly population living at home. There is also a significantly higher prevalence of balance disorders and the use of sedatives/sleeping pills/neuroleptics in the studied population. Cardiovascular diseases, osteoporosis, and Parkinson's disease are equally prevalent in both populations.ConclusionsIn the case of many of the patients admitted to chronic inpatient care, there is a real chance that their physical condition will improve or stabilise to the point where they can return to their own homes or be moved to a nursing home. This kind of rehabilitation approach to chronic inpatient care would require many more qualified nurses, physiotherapists, occupational therapists, dietitians and social workers than are currently available.
Objectives, sources of information, and experiences of followers of vegan-like and ketogenic-like dietary trends as pseudo-diets
Authors: Vékony B. , Suhajdáné Urbán V. , Andrásné Mikolás R. , Pásztor Zs. , Mák E. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPurposeDiets other than those recommended by professionals, referred to in the present paper as “pseudo-diets”, can endanger the health of the people who follow them. It is therefore worth assessing why people begin such diets, the information they rely on, and the effects they experience.Materials and MethodsWe surveyed and compared people following two pseudo-diets: a ketogenic-like diet (KLD) and a vegan-like diet (VLD). The diets are defined as ketogenic and vegan by the dieters themselves. A cross-sectional study was carried out using self-developed anonymous online questionnaires. The survey participants were adults: 249 KLD and 203 VLD followers.ResultsThe majority (85.14%) of the KLD followers stated that their motivation was weight loss, while 56.16% of the VLD followers stated that they were primarily motivated by ethical considerations. Only 11.64% of the KLD followers and 33.99% of the VLD followers had sought professional help. Both the variety and frequency of the adverse effects were robust in the KLD group, while the VLD followers experienced primarily positive outcomes. We found a statistically significant association between the seeking of professional help and an increase in desirable effects in both groups, and a decrease in adverse effects in the VLD group.ConclusionsThe dieters used several information sources but only occasionally turned to professionals. Given that dietary changes can represent a significant intervention, professional monitoring is highly recommended to ensure that the diet is valid, effective, personalised and safe.
Simulating microgalvanic corrosion in alloys using the PRISMS phase-field framework
Authors: Goel Vishwas , Lyu Yanjun , DeWitt Stephen , Montiel David , Thornton Katsuyo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this prospective paper, we first review the existing simulation tools to simulate microgalvanic corrosion during free immersion. Then, we describe a recently developed application that employs PRISMS-PF, an open-source, high-performance phase-field modeling framework. The model employed in the application accounts for the electrochemical reaction at the metal/electrolyte interface and ionic migration in the electrolyte to determine the evolution of the corrosion front. We present the implementation details for the application and discuss its features such as super-linear parallel scaling performance for a sufficiently large system. Finally, we demonstrate the capability of the application by simulating corrosion of the matrix phase of an alloy near a secondary phase particle in two and three dimensions.
Graphical abstract
Gender Stereotypes and the Choice of an Engineering Undergraduate Program
Authors: Maloshonok Natalia , Shcheglova Irina , Vilkova Kseniia , Abramova Mariya 
Published: October 2022

In Russia, as well as in the globe, there is a substantial imbalance in proportions of men and women who choose engineering undergraduate programs. As previous research demonstrated, this phenomenon can be explained by the gender stereotypes about better natural abilities of men to understand mathematical and engineering subjects. The paper is aimed to define the prevalence of gender stereotypes and gender differences in the choice of engineering majors, and explore associations between gender bias and the reasons for major choice. The survey data about undergraduate engineering students collected in one regional Russian university with strong focus on technical science was utilized (N = 1791). According to our results, the most widespread gender stereotypes among engineering students are that men better understand physical phenomena and patterns and have more developed technical and logical reasonings, while women are more neat and diligent. Reasons for engineering program choice do not significantly differ for men and women students. However, men students affected by gender stereotypes more often reported their wish to get a good job after graduation as a reason for major choice. While, women students, affected by gender stereotypes about better natural math abilities of men, more often reported that their major choice was made by the influence of family. Moreover, women are less satisfied with their choice of university and undergraduate program.
Dynamic Modeling of Interactions between Shallow Slow-Slip Events and Subduction Earthquakes
Authors: Meng Qingjun , Duan Benchun 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Shallow slow-slip events (SSEs) contribute to strain release near the shallow portions of subduction interfaces and may contribute to promoting shallow subduction earthquakes. Recent efforts in offshore monitoring of shallow SSEs have provided evidence of possible interactions between shallow SSEs and megathrust earthquakes. In this study, we use a dynamic earthquake simulator that captures both quasi-static (for SSEs) and dynamic (for megathrust earthquakes) slip to explore their interactions and implications for seismic and tsunami hazards. We model slip behaviors of a shallow-dipping subduction interface on which two locally locked patches (asperities) with different strengths are embedded within a conditionally stable zone. We find that both SSEs and earthquakes can occur, and they interact over multiple earthquake cycles in the model. Dynamic ruptures can nucleate on the asperities and propagate into the surrounding conditionally stable zone at slow speeds, generating tsunami earthquakes. A clear correlation emerges between the size of an earthquake and SSE activities preceding it. Small earthquakes rupture only the low-strength asperity, whereas large earthquakes rupture both. Before a large earthquake, periodic SSEs occur around the high-strength asperity, gradually loading stress into its interior. The critically stressed high-strength asperity can be ruptured together with the low-strength one in the large earthquake, followed by a relatively quiet interseismic period with very few SSEs and then a small earthquake. An SSE may or may not directly lead to nucleation of an earthquake, depending on whether a nearby asperity is ready for spontaneously dynamic failure. In addition, because of different SSE activities, the coupling degree may change dramatically between different interseismic periods, suggesting that its estimate based on a short period of observation may be biased.
AGLOMERADOS URBANOS ARGENTINOS: CONSTRUCCIÓN DE UN ÍNDICE DE BIENESTAR EN TRES MOMENTOS (2003, 2008 y 2014)
Authors: Mikkelsen Claudia Andrea , Zulaica Maria Laura , Ares Sofia Estela 
Published: October 2022

Resumen

En el territorio coexisten grupos sociales que lo construyen, se identifican con él y contribuyen a su diversidad. El estudio de las diferenciaciones territoriales debiera ser abordado teniendo en cuenta el contexto económico, cultural y político reinante al momento de análisis, comprendiendo al territorio como resultado de la articulación y sinergia entre las múltiples dimensiones de la vida social. El objetivo del trabajo es construir un índice sintético de bienestar aplicado a los aglomerados argentinos en los que el Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Censos (INDEC) releva la Encuesta Permanente de Hogares (EPH), comparando la situación en tres cortes temporales 2003, 2008 y 2014, con la finalidad de contemplar procesualmente cambios y continuidades.
Metodológicamente se aplican técnicas de análisis multivariado que posibilitan la integración de las variables seleccionadas. Los resultados muestran cierto grado de deterioro en el bienestar de la población urbana argentina a lo largo del período, en varios casos acompañando el ritmo intenso de crecimiento demográfico de los aglomerados considerados.
Spiritual inclinations in post-pandemic travel
Authors: Kainthola Snigdha , Robledo Marco , Chowdhary Nimit R. 
Published: October 2022

The detrimental impact of the COVID-19 on the world has ensued unrest amongst people. The reverberations of the life-threatening virus are conspicuous in all realms of life culminating in physical and psychological disturbance. The fear of loss of life, threatened livelihood and enforced seclusion has resulted in psychological morbidities. The existing literature demonstrates the positive effects of spirituality and religion in the life of someone mentally ailing as an efficient way of coping with problems. Spirituality is believed to provide positive emotions such as hope, courage and perspective to individuals. The current article based on a review of the literature highlights the burgeoning of post-pandemic spiritually-inclined travel to restore the balance of life. It adds to current knowledge on the effect of the pandemic on the human psyche and the mitigating effects of spirituality. The results also allow better marketing, management, and design techniques for the spiritual tourism product by providing knowledge on tourist behaviour post-pandemic. The conclusions from the review aim to evoke governments to accord more attention towards the mental health of individuals and advance programmes to help the distressed.
Análisis de la visualización de datos de la preparación y respuesta global ante amenazas epidemiológicas: el COVID-19 como caso de estudio
Authors: Vargas-Ortiz Mauricio A. 
Published: October 2022

La visualización de datos de este proyecto pretende proporcionar una manera eficaz de establecer relaciones y conclusiones entre la realidad económica, las acciones tomadas, la velocidad con la que estas fueron tomadas luego de la detección del primer caso y el posterior balance entre total de casos y la mortalidad causada por el virus SARS-CoV-2. Adicionalmente, plantea una propuesta de evaluación de la preparación y respuesta ante amenazas epidemiológicas mediante el esquema 7-1-7. Esto a través del desarrollo de la visualización de datos de la respuesta mundial y la preparación ante una amenaza epidemiológica utilizando el COVID-19 como caso de estudio.
El uso de la metodología de desarrollo de proyectos de visualización de datos elaborada por F. Hernández-Castro describe el proceso de investigación en fases de selección del tema, investigación, recolección, análisis y relaciones de datos; identificación del dominio, desarrollo de preguntas objetivo, limpieza y proyección de datos; análisis y selección de paradigmas, implementación y validación ejemplificada por el empleo de las normas ISO 25062-2006 e ISO 9241-11.
Los principales hallazgos durante la etapa de validación detallan que la visualización es eficiente en la estructura de los elementos, con el fin de facilitar la navegación de los datos al seleccionar y experimentar con estos. Por otro lado, la visualización es efectiva en el grado aceptable, debido a la presencia de errores tendientes a pocas asistencias en su uso. Y, finalmente, es satisfactoria con una puntuación final en la escala de usabilidad del sistema por encima del valor excelente, con 89 de 100 puntos disponibles.
De acuerdo con los resultados, la visualización presenta un buen ambiente para generar las conclusiones mencionadas. Finalmente, se debe destacar que la visualización pretende fomentar el análisis y la generación de conclusiones con el fin de crear panoramas, aprender de estos, mejorar la preparación y la respuesta mundial ante amenazas epidemiológicas.