bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pre‐pregnancy health of women with pre‐existing diabetes or previous gestational diabetes: Analysis of pregnancy risk factors and behavioural data from a digital tool
Authors: Flynn Angela C. , Robertson Michelle , Kavanagh Kimberley , Murphy Helen R. , Forde Rita , Stephenson Judith , Poston Lucilla , White Sara L. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimsTo examine health behaviours and risk factors in women with pre‐existing diabetes or previous gestational diabetes mellitus who are planning pregnancy.MethodsHealth behaviour, risk factor and demographic data obtained from a digital pregnancy planning advisory tool (Tommy's charity UK) were analysed. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed, stratified by diabetes type.ResultsData from 84,359 women, including 668 with type 1 diabetes, 707 with type 2 diabetes and 1785 with previous gestational diabetes obtained over a 12‐month period (September 2019–September 2020) were analysed. 65%, 95%CI (61,68%) of women with type 2 diabetes and 46%, 95%CI (43,48%) with previous gestational diabetes were obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m2), compared with 26%, 95%CI (26,26%) without diabetes. Use of folic acid supplements was low; 41%, 95%CI (40,41%) of women without diabetes and 42%, 95%CI (40,45%) with previous gestational diabetes reported taking folic acid (any dose) while 47%, 95%CI (43.50%) women with type 1 diabetes and 44%, 95%CI (40,47%) women with type 2 diabetes respectively reported taking the recommended dose (5 mg). More women with type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes reported smoking (20%, 95%CI [17,23%] and 23%, 95%CI [20,26%] respectively) and taking illicit/recreational drugs (7%, 95%CI [6,10%] and 9%, 95% CI [7,11%]) compared to women without diabetes (smoking 17%, 95% CI [16,17%], drug use 5%, 95%CI [5,5%]). Alcohol consumption, low levels of physical activity and of fruit and vegetable intake were also evident.ConclusionsThis study highlights the potential of online pregnancy planning advisory tools to reach high‐risk women and emphasises the need to improve pre‐pregnancy care for women with pre‐existing diabetes and previous gestational diabetes, many of whom are actively seeking advice. It is also the first to describe pre‐pregnancy health behaviours in women with previous gestational diabetes.
The relationship between traumatic dental injuries and adolescents' non‐suicidal self‐injury behaviour: A cross‐sectional analysis of an East London cohort
Authors: Mohd Yani Azri Aliah Binti , Marcenes Wagner , Stansfeld Stephen A. , Bernabé Eduardo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackground/AimRecent reviews of case reports have pointed out a potential connection between non‐suicidal self‐injury (NSSI) and traumatic dental injuries (TDIs). The aim of this study was to investigate the association of a history of NSSI with TDIs in 15‐ to 16‐year‐old adolescents.MethodsThis study analysed cross‐sectional data from the Research with East London Adolescents Community Health Survey, a prospective population survey of adolescents attending state schools in East London, England. The history of NSSI was obtained using two items from the Lifestyle and Coping questionnaire (whether they have ever engaged with self‐harm and the last time they engaged in such behaviours). The presence of TDIs, increased overjet and inadequate lip coverage were determined through clinical assessments by two trained dentists. Survey logistic regression was fitted to test the association of NSSI with TDIs. Odds ratios (ORs) were adjusted for socio‐demographic and clinical characteristics as potential confounders.ResultsThe lifetime and last‐year prevalence of NSSI were 11.9% and 6.7%, respectively, whereas the prevalence of TDIs was 16.5%. Neither the lifetime prevalence of NSSI (OR: 1.02, 95% confidence interval: 0.56–1.85) nor the last‐year prevalence of NSSI (OR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.36–1.61) were associated with TDIs in regression models adjusted for confounders.ConclusionThis study did not support an association between history of NSSI and TDIs among adolescents aged 15–16 years old in East London.
Condensation of capillary water and decreased surface energy cause increased soil water repellency in sandy soil
Authors: Wong Enoch V. S. , Ward Philip R. , Leopold Matthias , Murphy Daniel V. , Barton Louise 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPredicting soil water availability to crops in water‐repellent sandy soil is complicated as soil water repellency (SWR) responds non‐linearly to soil water content. Others have hypothesised that the development of a monolayer of water molecules results in SWR increasing before SWR declines with a further increase in soil water content. In a previous study, we found that SWR increases when above 0.28–0.86% threshold soil water content. Thus, our objective was to determine the underlying mechanisms responsible for why SWR increases when above a certain threshold soil water content in a sandy soil. A water adsorption isotherm was constructed by exposing a water‐repellent sandy soil to increasing relative humidity (dynamic vapour sorption technique) to evaluate if the development of a monolayer of water molecules was responsible for the increased SWR response. The increased SWR when above 0.66% threshold soil water content was found to coincide with the capillary condensation of water in the soil. The inverse gas chromatography technique was used for the first time in soil particles' surface energy analysis to investigate why SWR increases when above the threshold soil water content by determining the total, dispersive (non‐polar), and specific surface (polar) energy of the soil at two relative humidities (0% and 90%). Wettable sandy soil (98% soil organic carbon removed) was included as a control to further assess if soil organic carbon in the water‐repellent soil influences the surface energy of the soil. The mean of total, dispersive, and specific surface energy decreased for both wettable and water‐repellent sandy soils when exposed to 90% relative humidity, suggesting that there was limited effect of soil carbon on the increased SWR when above the threshold soil water content since most organic carbon was removed from the wettable soil. We also investigated if there is any difference in the surface energy heterogeneity when exposed to 90% relative humidity to gain insight into surface chemistry heterogeneity of the soil particles' surfaces. Exposing soils to 90% relative humidity decreased the heterogeneity of the total and dispersive surface energy of both wettable and water‐repellent sandy soil indicating a more uniform surface chemistry than when exposed to 0% relative humidity.Highlights
Examined why soil water repellency (SWR) in a sandy soil increases at low soil water content.
Explored underlying mechanisms via water adsorption isotherm and surface energy of a sandy soil.
Increased SWR coincided with capillary water condensation and is likely due to counterion effects.
Quantitative data presented new mechanisms on why SWR increases with increasing soil water content.
Neutrophil extracellular traps promote keratinocyte inflammation via AIM2 inflammasome and AIM2‐XIAP in psoriasis
Authors: Cao Tianyu , Yuan Xu , Fang Hui , Chen Jiaoling , Xue Ke , Li Zhiguo , Dang Erle , Wang Gang , Shao Shuai 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe infiltration of neutrophils in the epidermis and the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are important events in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, but the regulatory roles and internal mechanism of NETs in psoriasis are largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that NETs can activate the absent‐in‐melanoma‐2 (AIM2) inflammasome in keratinocytes through the p38‐MAPK signalling pathway, and targeting NETs with CI‐amidine in vivo reduces AIM2 expression and ameliorates imiquimod‐induced psoriasis‐like phenotype in mice. Notably, NETs‐activated AIM2 in keratinocytes not only promotes IL‐1β production through the classical inflammasome pathway but also promotes IFN‐γ production via X‐linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP), thereby mediating the immune responses of keratinocytes. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that the NETs‐AIM2 axis exerts multiple pro‐inflammatory effects on keratinocytes and may serve as a potential target for psoriasis therapy.
Quantitative collagen analysis using second harmonic generation images for the detection of basal cell carcinoma with ex vivo multiphoton microscopy
Authors: Sendín‐Martín Mercedes , Posner Jasmine , Harris Ucalene , Moronta Matthew , Conejo‐Mir Sánchez Julián , Mukherjee Sushmita , Rajadhyaksha Milind , Kose Kivanc , Jain Manu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBasal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common skin cancer, and its incidence is rising. Millions of benign biopsies are performed annually for BCC diagnosis, increasing morbidity, and healthcare costs. Non‐invasive in vivo technologies such as multiphoton microscopy (MPM) can aid in diagnosing BCC, reducing the need for biopsies. Furthermore, the second harmonic generation (SHG) signal generated from MPM can classify and prognosticate cancers based on extracellular matrix changes, especially collagen type I. We explored the potential of MPM to differentiate collagen changes associated with different BCC subtypes compared to normal skin structures and benign lesions. Quantitative analysis such as frequency band energy analysis in Fourier domain, CurveAlign and CT‐FIRE fibre analysis was performed on SHG images from 52 BCC and 12 benign lesions samples. Our results showed that collagen distribution is more aligned surrounding BCCs nests compared to the skin's normal structures (p < 0.001) and benign lesions (p < 0.001). Also, collagen was orientated more parallelly surrounding indolent BCC subtypes (superficial and nodular) versus those with more aggressive behaviour (infiltrative BCC) (p = 0.021). In conclusion, SHG signal from type I collagen can aid not only in the diagnosis of BCC but could be useful for prognosticating these tumors. Our initial results are limited to a small number of samples, requiring large‐scale studies to validate them. These findings represent the groundwork for future in vivo MPM for diagnosis and prognosis of BCC.
Evaluation of guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection
Authors: Ji Yan‐Hong , Shi Yan‐Mei , Hei Qian‐Wen , Sun Jin‐Min , Yang Xiao‐Feng , Wu Tao , Sun Da‐Li , Qi Yu‐Xing 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundTo systematically evaluate the quality of the guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection and to analyze the differences and reasons for the key recommendations in the guidelines.MethodsDatabases and websites were systematically searched to obtain guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection. Four independent reviewers used the Guideline Evaluation Tool (AGREE II) to evaluate the included guidelines. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Fleiss' kappa coefficient were used to measure the consistency of evaluation guidelines between guide reviewers. Differences between guidelines and the reasons for the differences were analyzed by comparing the recommendations of different guidelines and the evidence supporting the recommendations.ResultsA total of 17 guidelines for Helicobacter pylori infection were included in this study. The AGREE II scores of these guidelines were low overall, with 4 of them had a score of over 60%, which indicates that the guidelines are recommended, and 13 of them having a score ranging from 30 to 60%, which indicates that the guidelines are recommended but need to be revised, while no guideline had a score of 30% or less, which indicates that they were not recommended. The analysis of these guidelines found that there were some differences in the main recommendations. Not all guidelines recommend sequential therapy as the recommended therapy. Whether bismuth quadruple therapy should be used as the recommended first‐line therapy is unclear. The antibiotic resistance rate is different in different regions. Combined with the local antibiotic sensitivity test, the eradication rate of Helicobacter pylori can be improved.ConclusionThere are significant differences in the quality of Helicobacter pylori infection guidelines and the key recommendations. Improving the deficiencies of existing guidelines is an effective way to develop high‐quality guidelines and make reasonable recommendations for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection in the future.
The landscape of research during post‐graduate medical training in New Zealand
Authors: Alamri Yassar 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFormalised research opportunities offered to junior doctors in Australasia, and specifically New Zealand, are few and far in between. This is especially evident for interns in the first 2 years after graduation. Academic internships are positioned not only to fill this gap but also provide interns with long‐lasting skills beyond the confines of academia.
An exploration of social participation in Caribbean student nurses' use of social media in their learning journey
Authors: Cathala Xabi , Ocho Oscar Noel , Mcintosh Nichole , Watts Paul Nicholas , Moorley Calvin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimsTo identify how social participation facilitates pre‐registration student nurses learning and professional development using social media.DesignA social survey using thematic analysis to explore Caribbean student nurses' views of social media usage from an open‐ended question in a survey.MethodsA qualitative analysis of student nurses from Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago, who completed an open‐ended question in a survey. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.Results/FindingsThe three themes identified were: (1) Social media and communication; (2) Social media and self‐care; and (3) Social media and learning.ConclusionThis paper used qualitative evidence to identify and report a new way of viewing SoMe in nursing education as a student‐centred educational learning tool. SoMe can improve the effectiveness of student nurses learning, while developing fundamental skills (open‐mindedness, critical thinking, professionalism and decision‐making) for nursing practice. Social participation and connectivism theory are embedded in student nurses' learning journey. However, it has been used by student nurses outside the traditional university teaching and their capacity to own their personal learning. To meet the new generation of student nurses' learning needs, it is important that higher education institutions develop guidance, support and use of social media for learning to support student nurses in their education as students and also future professionals.ImpactThis study addresses how social participation is used in social media to contribute to Caribbean student nurses' education. The main finding is the introduction of a new learning theory supporting learning using social media. This study has an impact on using social media for learning.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.
First evidence of multiple paternity in the blue shark (Prionace glauca)
Authors: Armada‐Tapia Sofía , Castillo‐Geniz José Leonardo , Victoria‐Cota Nelva , Arce‐Valdés Luis Rodrigo , Enríquez‐Paredes Luis Manuel 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMultiple paternity (MP) is defined as the behaviour in which females successfully mate with multiple males leading to offspring from different sires within the same litter. MP seems to be frequent and an evolutionary advantage in elasmobranchs. Here the authors report for the first time the occurrence of MP in the cosmopolitan blue sharkPrionace glaucaL. The evidence, gatheredviamicrosatellite genotyping of pregnant females and their embryos, suggests that MP is very frequent in this species. Knowledge of MP inP. glaucashould help describe more precisely its reproductive biology and contribute to the management of its populations.
Stepping it up: Physical activity is associated with a lower incidence of prolonged gastric transit time in capsule endoscopy
Authors: Macedo Silva Vítor , Lima Capela Tiago , Freitas Marta , Arieira Cátia , Xavier Sofia , Boal Carvalho Pedro , Rosa Bruno , Moreira Maria João , Cotter José 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackground and AimPhysical activity has been proposed as a potential factor influencing capsule endoscopy (CE) gastric transit time (GTT). However, there is no reported factual evidence confirming this association. We aimed to prospectively assess the effect of physical activity in the first hour of CE in the occurrence of prolonged GTT.MethodsThis is a prospective study including consecutive patients undergoing CE. For each patient, a step counter was attached to the CE register. The number of steps during the first hour of the procedure was registered. The main outcome was prolonged GTT (CE remaining in the stomach for > 1 h). Outcomes were adjusted for possible confounders by multivariate analysis.ResultsWe included 100 patients, 60% undergoing small bowel CE and 40% colon CE. The mean number of steps in the first hour was significantly lower in patients with prolonged GTT (2009 ± 1578 steps) comparatively with those without prolonged GTT (3597 ± 1889 steps) (P < 0.001). On multivariate analysis including significant confounders, steps in the first hour were an independent predictor of prolonged GTT (P = 0.018).Single‐handedly, the number of steps taken in the first hour had a good acuity for predicting prolonged GTT (area under the curve = 0.74; P < 0.001), with an optimal cut‐off of 2000 steps (sensitivity 81.3% and specificity 70%).ConclusionsPhysical activity during the first hour of CE significantly decreased the occurrence of prolonged GTT. These findings pave the way for further definition of clear instructions to give to patients undergoing CE.
Biaxial flexural strength and Weibull characteristics of a resin ceramic material after thermal‐cycling
Authors: Beyabanaki Elaheh , Ashtiani Reza Eftekhar , Moradi Mehrnoosh , Namdari Mahshid , Mostafavi Delaram , Zandinejad Amirali 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the flexural strength and Weibull characteristics of 3 different resin‐ceramic materials with a zirconia‐reinforced lithium silicate material after thermal‐cycling.Material and methodsFour different computer‐aided design and computer‐aided manufacturing restorative materials (Vita Enamic, Lava Ultimate, Crystal Ultra, and Vita Suprinity) were tested. A total of 40 Ø12×1.2‐mm disks were prepared and divided into 4 groups (n = 10). Their flexural strength was evaluated after 5000 thermal‐cycles with a 4‐point biaxial flexure test using a universal testing machine. The Weibull modulus and probability of failure were also determined from the biaxial flexural strength data. Data were analyzed with one‐way ANOVA and the Tukey pairwise comparison test (α = 0.05).ResultsSignificant differences were found among the materials in terms of biaxial flexural strength (p < 0.05). Vita Suprinity had the highest mean ±standard deviation flexural strength (289.1 ± 15.1 MPa), and Vita Enamic had the lowest (100.0 ± 3.2 MPa). The highest Weibull modulus was calculated for Crystal Ultra, followed by Vita Enamic, Lava Ultimate, and Vita Suprinity.ConclusionVita Suprinity had the highest flexural strength when compared with the other materials tested. Crystal Ultra had the highest flexural strength among the resin‐ceramic materials. The highest Weibull modulus was calculated for Crystal Ultra and the lowest for Vita Suprinity.
Meta‐analytic evidence that attachment insecurity is associated with less frequent experiences of discrete positive emotions
Authors: Park Yoobin , Sanscartier Shayne , Impett Emily A. , Algoe Sara B. , Leonhardt Nathan D. , Schrage Kristina , Carmichael Cheryl L. , Collins Nancy L. , Conte Francesca , De Rosa Oreste , Ficca Gianluca , Fredrickson Barbara L. , Harris Paige , Keltner Dacher , West Taylor N. , MacDonald Geoff 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveIndividual differences in attachment insecurity can have important implications for experiences of positive emotions. However, existing research on the link between attachment insecurity and positive emotional experiences has typically used a composite measure of positive emotions, overlooking the potential importance of differentiating discrete emotions.MethodWe conducted a meta‐analysis of 10 cross‐sectional samples (N = 3215), examining how attachment insecurity is associated with self‐reported frequency of experiencing positive emotions, with a distinction made between more social (i.e., love and gratitude) and less social (i.e., peace and awe or curiosity) positive emotions.ResultsHigh (vs. low) levels of both attachment anxiety and avoidance were associated with less frequent experience of positive emotions regardless of their social relevance. When analyzing each emotion separately, we found that attachment anxiety showed negative relations to all emotions except gratitude. Attachment avoidance was negatively associated with all emotions, and the link was even stronger with love (vs. peace, awe, or curiosity). Additional analyses of daily diary data revealed that attachment anxiety and avoidance were also negatively associated with daily experiences of positive emotions, regardless of social relevance.ConclusionOur results underscore the need to further investigate the mechanisms underlying insecure individuals' blunted positive emotional experiences.
Fidelity in School‐Based Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports: Current Status of Compliance
Authors: Krach S. Kathleen , McCreery Michael P. , Monk Malaya M. , Bagneris Jessica R. 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTOBJECTIVEThe current study identified and compared different treatment fidelity reporting methods.METHODThis paper includes 2 studies. In Study 1, the researchers compared and contrasted 3 sources of fidelity obtained in a study previously published by the authors; whereas, Study 2 did the same using a structured review of the literature.RESULTSFidelity reporting methods included: self‐reports, peer reports, observations, artifact review, and use of standardized procedures. Study 1: a statistically significant difference in fidelity results was identified between methods. Study 2: the most common method of reporting was no reporting (46%) followed by observations (25.6%), peer ratings (25.6%), and self‐report (23.1%). When studies reported that fidelity was evaluated, 57% subsequently provided specific fidelity results.CONCLUSIONSGiven that intervention fidelity is reported differently depending on the method used, then standard guidelines are needed for how this construct should be assessed and reported in practice and research.