bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mental Health in Elite Student Athletes: Exploring the Link Between Training Volume and Mental Health Problems in Norwegian College and University Students
Authors: Grasdalsmoen Michael , Clarsen Benjamin , Sivertsen Børge 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesTo examine mental health problems among elite athletes in a student population, compared to the general student population, and to explore the association between weekly hours of training across mental health indicators.MethodsData are from a national study from 2018 of all college and university students in Norway. Participants indicated if they considered themselves to be an elite athlete, and how many hours per week they trained. Mental health problems were assessed using several well-validated questionnaires.ResultsAmong 50,054 students, 1.3% identified themselves as elite athletes. Both male and female elite athletes had generally better mental health across most health outcomes, reporting fewer mental health problems, less loneliness, higher satisfaction with life, more positive affect, and fewer alcohol problems. Elite athletes in team sports had slightly better mental health compared to athletes of individual sports. Increased hours of weekly exercise was associated with better mental health. However, there was generally little to be gained from increasing the amount of training from 7–10 hours/week to 14+ hours per week. Female athletes who trained 14 or more hours per week reported poorer mental health across most outcome measures.ConclusionThis study showed that both male and female elite athletes generally had better mental health across a range of health outcomes, when compared to the general student population. The study also found a positive dose-response relationship between weekly hours of training and mental health, but also a worsening of mental health for females at the extreme end of exercise continuum. The self-report nature of this student sample means that care should be taken when generalizing to other studies of elite athletes.
Удосконалення бомбометання з кабрирування як засіб підвищення ефективності бойового застосування ударного літального апарату
Authors: Кушнір Сергій Володимирович , Сілков Валерій Іванович , Зірка Андрій Леонидович , Кравчук Ілля Степанович 
Published: February 2022

У статті запропоновано методичний апарат щодо розрахунку та побудови оптимальної траєкторії польоту бомби при її скиданні літальним апаратом при польоті з кабрируванням. Оптимізація здійснюється за параметром максимальної дальності горизонтального польоту бомби після її скидання. Застосування такого підходу при практичній реалізації польоту бомби за оптимізованою траєкторією дозволяє літальному апарату (носію) здійснювати увесь політ та бомбометання на малій (гранично малій) висоті, при цьому значно збільшити дальність знаходження літального апарату (носія) від цілі в момент бомбометання, що в цілому дозволяє суттєво знизити імовірність його ураження засобами проти-повітряної оборони противника.
A Spectroscopic Angle on Central Engine Size Scales in Accreting Neutron Stars
Authors: Trueba Nicolas , Miller J. M. , Fabian A. C. , Kaastra J. , Kallman T. , Lohfink A. , Ludlam R. M. , Proga D. , Raymond J. , Reynolds C. , Reynolds M. , Zoghbi A. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Analyses of absorption from disk winds and atmospheres in accreting compact objects typically treat the central emitting regions in these systems as point sources relative to the absorber. This assumption breaks down if the absorbing gas is located within a few × 1000 GM/c
2, in which case a small component of the absorber’s Keplerian motion contributes to the velocity width of absorption lines. Here, we demonstrate how this velocity-broadening effect can be used to constrain the sizes of central engines in accreting compact objects via a simple geometric relationship, and develop a method for modeling this effect. We apply this method to the Chandra/HETG spectra of three ultracompact and short-period neutron star X-ray binaries in which evidence of gravitationally redshifted absorption, owing to an inner-disk atmosphere, has recently been reported. The significance of the redshift is above 5σ for XTE J1710−281 (this work) and 4U 1916−053, and is inconsistent with various estimates of the relative radial velocity of each binary. For our most sensitive spectrum (XTE J1710−281), we obtain a 1σ upper bound of 310 km s−1 on the magnitude of this geometric effect and a central engine of size R
CE < 60 GM/c
2 (or < 90 GM/c
2 at the 3σ level). These initial constraints compare favorably to those obtained via microlensing in quasars and approach the sensitivity of constraints via relativistic reflection in neutron stars. This sensitivity will increase with further exposures, as well as the launch of future microcalorimeter and grating missions.
The Dependence of the Type Ia Supernova Host Bias on Observation or Fitting Technique
Authors: Hand Jared , Liu Shu , Galbany Lluís , Perrefort Daniel , Wood-Vasey W. M. , Burns Chris 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
More luminous Type Ia supernovae prefer less massive hosts and regions of higher star formation. This correlation is inverted during width–color–luminosity light-curve standardization resulting in step-like biases of distance measurements with respect to host properties. Using the PMAS/PPak Integral-field Supernovahosts COmpilation (PISCO) supernova host sample and Sloan Digital Sky Survey, Galaxy Evolution Explorer, and Two Micron All Sky Survey photometry, we compare host stellar mass and specific star-formation rate (sSFR) from different observation methods, including local versus global, and fitting techniques to measure their impact on the host step biases. Mass-step measurements for all our mass samples are consistent within a 1σ significance from −0.03 ± 0.02 mag to −0.04 ± 0.02 mag. Including or excluding UV information had no effect on measured mass-step size or location. sSFR step sizes are more significant than mass-step measurements and varied from 0.05 ± 0.03 mag (Hα) and 0.06 ± 0.02 mag (UV) for a 51 host sample. The sSFR step location is influenced by the mass sample used to normalize star formation and by sSFR tracer choice. The step size is reduced to 0.04 ± 0.03 mag when using all available 73 hosts with Hα measurements. This 73 PISCO host subsample overall lacked a clear step signal, but here we are searching for whether different choices of mass or sSFR estimation can create a step signal. We find no evidence that different observation or fitting techniques choices can create a distance measurement step in either mass or sSFR.
Magnetic Energy Conversion in Magnetohydrodynamics: Curvature Relaxation and Perpendicular Expansion of Magnetic Fields
Authors: Du Senbei , Li Hui , Fu Xiangrong , Gan Zhaoming , Li Shengtai 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The mechanisms and pathways of magnetic energy conversion are an important subject for many laboratory, space, and astrophysical systems. Here, we present a perspective on magnetic energy conversion in magnetohydrodynamics through magnetic field curvature relaxation (CR) and perpendicular expansion (PE) due to magnetic pressure gradients, and quantify their relative importance in two representative cases, namely 3D magnetic reconnection and 3D kink-driven instability in an astrophysical jet. We find that the CR and PE processes have different temporal and spatial evolutions in these systems. The relative importance of the two processes tends to reverse as the system enters the nonlinear stage from the instability growth stage. Overall, the two processes make comparable contributions to magnetic energy conversion, with the PE process somewhat stronger than the CR process. We further explore how these energy conversion terms can be related to particle energization in these systems.
The Pulsar Gamma-Ray Emission from High-resolution Dissipative Magnetospheres
Authors: Cao Gang , Yang Xiongbang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The pulsar light curves and energy spectra in dissipative pulsar magnetospheres are explored with Aristotelian electrodynamics (AE), where particle acceleration is fully balanced with the radiation reaction. AE magnetospheres with nonzero pair multiplicity are computed using a pseudo-spectral method in the co-moving frame. The dissipative region near the current sheet outside the light cylinder is accurately captured by a high-resolution simulation. The pulsar light curves and spectra are computed using the test particle trajectory method, including the influence of both the consistent accelerating electric field and radiation reaction. Our results can generally reproduce the double-peak light curves and the GeV cutoff energy spectra in agreement with the Fermi observations for the pair multiplicity κ ≳ 1.
Dynamical Tidal Love Numbers of Rapidly Rotating Planets and Stars
Authors: Dewberry Janosz W. , Lai Dong 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Tidal interactions play an important role in many astrophysical systems, but uncertainties regarding the tides of rapidly rotating, centrifugally distorted stars and gaseous planets remain. We have developed a precise method for computing the dynamical, nondissipative tidal response of rotating planets and stars, based on summation over contributions from normal modes driven by the tidal potential. We calculate the normal modes of isentropic polytropes rotating at up to ≃90% of their critical breakup rotation rates, and tabulate fits to mode frequencies and tidal overlap coefficients that can be used to compute the frequency-dependent, nondissipative tidal response (via potential Love numbers k

ℓm
). Although fundamental modes (f-modes) possess dominant tidal overlap coefficients at (nearly) all rotation rates, we find that the strong coupling of retrograde inertial modes (i-modes) to tesseral (ℓ > ∣m∣) components of the tidal potential produces resonances that may be relevant to gas giants like Jupiter and Saturn. The coupling of f-modes in rapid rotators to multiple components of both the driving tidal potential and the induced gravitational field also affect the tesseral response, leading to significant deviations from treatments of rotation that neglect centrifugal distortion and high-order corrections. For very rapid rotation rates (≳70% of breakup), mixing between prograde f-modes and i-modes significantly enhances the sectoral (ℓ = ∣m∣) tidal overlap of the latter. The tidal response of very rapidly rotating, centrifugally distorted planets or stars can also be modified by resonant sectoral f-modes that are secularly unstable via the Chandrasekhar–Friedman–Schutz mechanism.
Deep Upper Limit on the Optical Emission during a Hard X-Ray Burst from the Magnetar SGR J1935+2154
Authors: Zampieri Luca , Mereghetti Sandro , Turolla Roberto , Naletto Giampiero , Ochner Paolo , Burtovoi Aleksandr , Fiori Michele , Guidorzi Cristiano , Nicastro Luciano , Palazzi Eliana , Pilia Maura , Possenti Andrea 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In 2021 September the magnetar SGR J1935+2154 entered a stage of burst/flaring activity in the hard X-ray band. On 2021 September 10, we observed SGR J1935+2154 with the fiber-fed fast optical photon counter IFI+Iqueye, mounted at the 1.22 m Galileo telescope in Asiago. During one of the IFI+Iqueye observing windows, a hard X-ray burst was detected with the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor. We performed a search for any significant increase in the count rate on the 1 s, 10 ms, and 1 ms binned IFI+Iqueye light curves around the time of the Fermi burst. No significant peak was detected with a significance above 3σ in an interval of ±90 s around the burst. Correcting for interstellar extinction (A

V
≃ 5.8 mag), the IFI+Iqueye upper limits to any possible optical burst from SGR J1935+2154 are V = 10.1 mag, V = 7.2 mag, and V = 5.8 mag for the 1 s, 10 ms, and 1 ms binned light curves, respectively. The corresponding extinction-corrected upper limits to the fluence (specific fluence) are 3.1 × 10−10 erg cm−2 (0.35 Jy s), 4.2 × 10−11 erg cm−2 (4.8 Jy ·10 ms), and 1.6 × 10−11 erg cm−2 (17.9 Jy ms), orders of magnitude deeper than any previous simultaneous optical limit on a magnetar burst. The IFI+Iqueye measurement can also place a more stringent constraint on the spectral index of the optical to hard X-ray fluence of SGR J1935+2154, implying a spectrum steeper than ν
0.64. Fast optical timing observations of bursts associated with radio emission then have the potential to yield a detection.
Distraction Osteogenesis in a Tessier 6 Cleft After Fronto-Orbito-Zygomatic Osteotomy - A Case Report
Authors: Bütow Kurt-Wilhelm , Eroğlu Çağla , Zwahlen Roger Arthur 
Published: February 2022

The Rationale:
Craniofacial clefts are rare malformations. According to their localization, 15 types are classified.

Patient Concerns:
They referred to impaired eyelid function, lateral protection of the eye-bulb, and aesthetic appearance.

Diagnosis:
A three-dimensional-computerized tomography scan and a stereolithographic model led to the diagnosis of a rare intraorbital Tessier 6 cleft.

Treatment:
A newly designed lateral orbital rim osteotomy, presurgically simulated on a stereolithographic model, was performed to forward position the lateral orbital rims bilaterally by osteodistraction.

Outcomes:
Both lateral orbital rims were distracted anteriorly for around 12 mm over a period of 9 weeks, without any side effects to the patient.

Take-away Lessons:
In this intraorbital Tessier 6 cleft, an improved eyelid function with better lateral protection of the eye bulb and more favorable aesthetic appearance was achieved with this novel lateral orbital rim osteotomy.
The Impact of Diabetes, Smoking, and Periodontitis on Patients’ Oral Health related Quality of Life after Treatment with Corticobasal Implants - An Evaluative Study
Authors: Lazarov Aleksandar Bogdanov 
Published: February 2022

Introduction:
Diabetes, smoking, and periodontitis are considered risk factors for the survival of conventional dental implants; however, research about their impact on the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of patients treated with corticobasal implants is lacking.

Materials and Methods:
Two hundred twenty-seven adult patients completed a postoperative OHRQoL questionnaire. Aspects of their oral health were examined in relation to periodontitis, diabetes, smoking, and against a control group with none of the conditions. A subgroup of 118 patients with pre- and postoperative OHRQoL data were studied for changes in their OHRQoL. The impact of the risk factors on the patients’ posttreatment OHRQoL was examined through multiple regression analysis. The paired data were analyzed through Wilcoxon signed-rank test.

Results:
The satisfaction with the treatment was high and robust irrespective of periodontitis, diabetes, smoking, or more than one factors, P > 0.05 for all tests. The smokers’ satisfaction was significantly higher than the nonsmokers, P = 0.003. The majority of the patients experienced a steady reduction in frequency to the full absence of oral health problems (P < 0.001 for all tests). The patients with periodontitis reported a significantly higher reduction in limitations related to food choice, P = 0.026. Posttreatment complications were few, mainly in the first postoperative year.

Discussion:
Our results provide reassurance to patients with periodontitis, diabetes, and smokers that corticobasal implants are an effective treatment option with the same benefits for their oral health quality of life as for patients without these risk factors.
Management of a Late Presentation of Bear Mauling with a Complex Maxillofacial Defect in a Tertiary Care Hospital - A Case Report
Authors: Mishra Jiten Kumar , De Moumita , Sahu Shamendra Anand , Arora Ripu Daman , Raghani Manish J , Nagarkar Nitin M. 
Published: February 2022

Rationale:
Bear mauling is the most common wild animal-inflicted injury in India. Ideally, these injuries should be managed early with fracture fixation, wound debridement, and appropriate coverage. Delay may lead to devascularization and a more severe deformity, which needs complex and multi-staged procedures for optimal outcome.

Patient Concerns:
Facial deformity in bear mauling is upsetting to the patient. Apart from facial aesthetics, the victim has difficulties in speech, eating, and respiration when the midface is involved.

Diagnosis and Treatment:
Patients require proper assessment of the soft tissue and bony defects by clinical assessment and imaging before planning any reconstruction.

Outcome:
The complex defect was managed in stages by both microsurgical and nonmicrosurgical methods including debridement, fracture fixation, local flaps, free flap, and prosthesis.

Take-away Lessons:
Systematic approach in categorizing each component of the problem, finding the best possible solution for each of them, and inter-departmental collaboration are important.
The Use of Screw Retained Hybrid Arch Bar for Maxillomandibular Fixation in the Treatment of Mandibular Fractures
Authors: Hamid Saif T. , Bede Salwan Y. 
Published: February 2022

Introduction:
The use of screw-retained hybrid arch bars (HABs) is a relatively recent development in the treatment of mandibular fractures. The purpose of this study is to compare the clinical outcome between HAB and the conventional Erich arch bar (EAB) in the closed treatment of mandibular fractures.

Materials and Methods:
This study included 18 patients who were treated for mandibular fractures with maxillomandibular fixation (MMF), patients were randomly assigned into a control group (n = 10) in which EAB was used and study group (n = 8) in which HAB was used. The outcome variables were time required for application and removal, gingival inflammation scores, postoperative complications, and incidence of wire-stick injury or gloves perforation. The groups were compared using unpaired t-test, Mann–Whitney test, Chi-square test, or Fisher test. The differences were considered significant at P < 0.05.

Results:
The mean application time was significantly more in EAB than HAB (61.6 ± 11.4 vs. 41.6 ± 6 min, respectively). The mean time of removal for EAB was significantly less than HAB (11.1 ± 2 vs. 14.2 ± 3 min, respectively). There was nonsignificant difference in gingival inflammation between the groups. No major complications were recorded. Screw loosening and mucosal overgrowth were recorded in 12.5% and 31.2% of the screws, respectively, in HAB group. The incidence of gloves tear in EAB group was 70%.

Discussion:
HAB can be used as an alternative to EAB for MMF in patients with mandibular fracture, it requires less time for application and provides more safety for the surgeons.
Solitary Extraosseous Neurofibroma in a 5-Year-Old Child - A Case Report
Authors: Emodi Omri , Krasovsky Andrei , Abdalla-Aslan Ragda , Akrish Sharon , Ginini Jiriys George , Ohayon Chaim , Rachmiel Adi 
Published: February 2022

Rationale:
Neurofibroma (NF) is the most common benign peripheral nerve sheath tumour that most often occurs as a solitary tumour. A clinical and imaging diagnosis may be challenging since no distinctive features are unique for this lesion. Solitary NFs are treated by complete resection that may sometimes require a nerve sacrifice, ending with a neurological deficit.

Patient Concerns:
A 5-year-old girl with mild asymptomatic slow-growing swelling in the vestibulum of her right mandible.

Diagnosis:
A solitary variant of extraosseous NF involving the right mental branch of the inferior alveolar nerve.

Treatment:
Surgical removal of the lesion while fully preserving the mental branch.

Outcomes:
No sensory deficit was identified during a 3-month follow-up.

Take-Away Lessons:
Ultrasonography is a valuable tool for evaluating soft-tissue masses of the oral cavity. A solitary extraosseous NF involving the mental branch can be surgically removed without nerve deficit.
Prevalence and determinants of latent tuberculosis infection among healthcare personnel in India
Authors: Vaman Raman Swathy , Valamparampil Mathew J. , Nair Sanjeev 
Published: February 2022

Introduction:
Health personnel in high-burden countries are at a greater risk of tuberculosis (TB) infection, due to continuous exposure to diagnosed and undiagnosed pulmonary TB cases. A scoping review is done to ascertain the prevalence and risk factors for latent TB infection (LTBI) among India's healthcare personnel.

Materials and Methods:
A review of literature was done from Medline, CINAHL, Global Health and PubMed. Full-text review of 30 articles was done, and three were found to be eligible for final analysis.

Results:
The prevalence of LTBI was found to range from a quarter to one-third of the study participants. Available evidence has revealed the role of increased time being spent in the healthcare profession as an essential risk factor for the development of LTBI. The study participants were of younger age in all studies. There was a lack of representation of different categories of health workers.

Discussion:
Higher prevalence in younger participants poses significant threats to the well-being of healthcare professionals. The absence of proper guidelines for treating LTBI in high-prevalent settings and the lack of awareness among healthcare professionals regarding LTBI are significant challenges for preventing TB infection among healthcare professionals.
Análisis de los modelos de interacción empleados por estudiantes universitarios de Biología durante las prácticas de laboratorio, utilizando SDIS-GSEQ
Authors: Gómez Aguirre Cristina , Ruiz Carrillo Edgardo , García Corona Valeria 
Published: February 2022

Mediante las secuencias de interacción discursiva IRE/F, se pueden mostrar modelos de aprendizaje usados en el aula. El objetivo de este trabajo fue encontrar la relación entre las estructuras discursivas y los modelos de aprendizaje, identificando correlaciones de eventos discursivos. Participaron ocho estudiantes de segundo semestre de Biología. Las sesiones fueron grabadas y codificadas para el análisis discursivo mediante el SDIS-GSEQ. Un subgrupo utilizó un modelo de enseñanza tradicional, mientras otros utilizaban colaborativo. Los follow-ups flexibilizan el discurso fomentando la colaboración, contraponiéndose al tradicional.
AbstractBy means of IRE/F interactive discursive sequences, learning models used in the classroom can be observed. The objective of this research was finding a relationship between discursive structures and learning models, identifying a correlation among discursive structures. Eight second semester biology students participated in this research. The sessions were recorded and encoded for discursive analysis by means of SDIS-GSEQ. A subgroup applied a traditional teaching model while others made use of a collaborative model. Follow-ups make discourse more flexible by encouraging collaboration, contrasting the traditional teaching model.