bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rarefaction Effect, Heat Transfer, and Drag Coefficient for Gas Flow Around Square Cylinder in Transition Flow Regime
Authors: Dai Lianfu , Wu Huiying 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this work, rarefaction effect, heat transfer, and drag coefficient for gas flow around a square cylinder in transition flow regime are numerically studied using unified gas kinetic scheme (UGKS). To reduce computational cost, a mirror symmetry boundary treatment for UGKS is proposed and applied in this study. It is found that: (1) velocity slip is not obvious on upwind and downwind surfaces of square cylinder due to the tangential gas flow being weak in these surfaces; (2) with the increase of local Knudsen number, velocity slip on upper surface always increases, but temperature jump can decrease, which indicates that Knudsen number is not the decisive parameter to characterize temperature jump; (3) the heat transfer between gas and square cylinder enhances with the increase of inflow Knudsen number and cylinder temperature due to the increase of temperature jump and deteriorates with the increase of inflow Mach number on account of gas stagnation; and (4) the drag coefficient increases with the increase of inflow Knudsen number, the decrease of inflow Mach number, and the increase of cylinder temperature. To further predict the variation of average Nusselt number and drag coefficient, correlations for average Nusselt number and drag coefficient with inflow Mach number ranging from 0.05 to 0.3, inflow Knudsen number ranging from 0.1 to 10, and cylinder temperature ranging from 320 K to 380 K are proposed. This research can improve the understanding for mechanisms of gas flow and heat transfer in micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) devices.
Prenatal occupational disinfectant exposure and childhood allergies: the Japan Environment and Children’s study
Authors: Kojima Reiji , Shinohara Ryoji , Kushima Megumi , Horiuchi Sayaka , Otawa Sanae , Yokomichi Hiroshi , Akiyama Yuka , Ooka Tadao , Miyake Kunio , Yamagata Zentaro 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundDisinfectants are widely used in the medical field, particularly recently because of the coronavirus pandemic, which has led to an increase in their use by both medical professionals and the general population. The objective of this study was to examine whether occupational disinfectant use during pregnancy was associated with the development of allergic disease in offspring at 3 years.MethodsWe used data from 78 915 mother/child pairs who participated in the Japan Environment and Children’s Study, which is a prospective birth cohort recruited between January 2011 and March 2014. We examined the associations between maternal disinfectant use during pregnancy and allergic diseases (asthma, eczema and food allergies) in children after adjustment for covariates including maternal postnatal return to work when the child was 1 year old by multivariate logistic regression.ResultsCompared with those who never used disinfectants, participants who used disinfectant every day had a significantly higher risk of asthma in their offspring (adjusted OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.33 for 1–6 times a week; adjusted OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.52 for every day). The associations between disinfectant exposure and eczema were similar to those of asthma (adjusted OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.31 for 1–6 times a week; adjusted OR 1.29, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.57 for every day). We found a significant exposure-dependent relationship (p for trend <0.01). There were no significant associations between disinfectant use and food allergies.ConclusionDisinfectant use by pregnant women may be a risk factor for asthma and eczema in offspring. As disinfectants are an effective tool in the prevention of infectious diseases, replication of this study and further research into the mechanisms are warranted.
Adverse pregnancy and perinatal outcomes associated with Mycoplasma genitalium: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Frenzer Carole , Egli-Gany Dianne , Vallely Lisa M , Vallely Andrew J , Low Nicola 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveTo examine associations between Mycoplasma genitalium infection during pregnancy and adverse outcomes.MethodsWe did a systematic review of observational studies. We searched Medline, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library and CINAHL up to 11 August 2021. Studies were included if they compared preterm birth, spontaneous abortion, premature rupture of membranes, low birth weight or perinatal death between women with and without M. genitalium. Two reviewers independently assessed articles for inclusion and extracted data. We used random-effects meta-analysis to estimate summary ORs and adjusted ORs, with 95% CIs, where appropriate. Risk of bias was assessed using established checklists.ResultsWe identified 116 records and included 10 studies. Women with M. genitalium were more likely to experience preterm birth in univariable analyses (summary unadjusted OR 1.91, 95% CI 1.29 to 2.81, I2=0%, 7 studies). The combined adjusted OR was 2.34 (95% CI 1.17 to 4.71, I2=0%, 2 studies). For spontaneous abortion, the summary unadjusted OR was 1.00 (95% CI 0.53 to 1.89, I2=0%, 6 studies). The adjusted OR in one case–control study was 0.9 (95% CI 0.2 to 3.8). Unadjusted ORs for premature rupture of membranes were 7.62 (95% CI 0.40 to 145.86, 1 study) and for low birth weight 1.07 (95% CI 0.02 to 10.39, 1 study). For perinatal death, the unadjusted OR was 1.07 (95% CI 0.49 to 2.36) in one case–control and 38.42 (95% CI 1.45 to 1021.43) in one cohort study. These two ORs were not combined, owing to heterogeneity. The greatest risk of bias was the failure in most studies to control for confounding.ConclusionM. genitalium might be associated with an increased risk of preterm birth. Further prospective studies, with adequate control for confounding, are needed to understand the role of M. genitalium in adverse pregnancy outcomes. There is insufficient evidence to indicate routine testing and treatment of asymptomatic M. genitalium in pregnancy.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42016050962.
Searching for stop LSP at the LHC
Authors: Kpatcha Essodjolo , Lara Iñaki , López-Fogliani Daniel E. , Muñoz Carlos , Nagata Natsumi , Otono Hidetoshi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe analyze relevant signals expected at the LHC for a stop as the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP). The discussion is carried out in the framework of the $$\mu \nu $$

μ
ν

SSM, where the presence of R-parity violating couplings involving right-handed neutrinos solves the $$\mu $$
μ
-problem and reproduces neutrino data. The stops are pair produced at the LHC, decaying with displaced vertices to a lepton and a bottom quark or a neutrino and a top quark. We compare the predictions of this scenario with ATLAS and CMS searches for long-lived particles. To analyze the parameter space we sample the $$\mu \nu $$

μ
ν

SSM for a stop LSP using a likelihood data-driven method, and paying special attention to reproduce the current experimental data on neutrino and Higgs physics, as well as flavor observables. Our results translate into a lower limit on the mass of the left (right) stop LSP of 1068 GeV (1341 GeV), corresponding to a decay length of 1.86 mm (6.61 mm).
Effects of Horizontal Resolution, Domain Size, Boundary Conditions, and Surface Heterogeneity on Coarse LES of a Convective Boundary Layer
Authors: Ovchinnikov Mikhail , Fast Jerome D. , Berg Larry K. , Gustafson William I. , Chen Jingyi , Sakaguchi Koichi , Xiao Heng 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Atmospheric properties in a convective boundary layer vary over a wide range of spatial scales and are commonly studied using large-eddy simulations (LES) in various configurations. We examine how the boundary layer depth and distribution of variability across scales are affected by LES grid spacing, domain size, inhomogeneity of surface properties, and external forcing. Two different setups of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model are analyzed. A semi-idealized configuration uses a periodic domain, flat surface, prescribed homogeneous surface heat fluxes, and horizontally uniform profiles of large-scale advective tendencies. A nested LES setup employs a larger domain and realistic initial and boundary conditions, including an interactive land surface model with representative topography and vegetation and soil types. Subdomains of identical size are analyzed for all simulations. Characteristic structure sizes are quantified using the variability scales L50 and L95, defined such that features smaller than that contain 50% and 95% of the total variance, respectively. Progressive increase in L50 from vertical velocity to temperature and moisture structures is systematically reproduced in all simulation configurations. This dependence of L50 on the considered variable complicates the development of scale-aware parameterizations for models with grid spacing in the “terra incognita”. In simulations using a larger domain with heterogeneous surface properties, the development of internal mesoscale patterns significantly affects variance distributions inside analyzed subdomains. Sizes of boundary layer structures also strongly depend on the LES grid spacing and, in case of heterogeneous surface and topography, on location of the subdomain inside a larger computational domain.
Distribution of Article Citation Frequency, Citation Skew, and Impact Factor in Otolaryngology Journals
Authors: Sedaghat Ahmad R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe objectives of this study were to determine the degree of citation skew in otolaryngology journals and how article citation distribution affects their impact factors (IFs). Forty‐one “otorhinolaryngology” journals in the Clarivate Journal Citation Reports database were identified and their article citation data from 2017 to 2020 extracted. Article citation frequency was remarkably similar across most journals, consistent with the narrow distribution of IFs (mean [SD], 1.9 [0.9]). Although the percentage of a journal’s articles cited more than its IF during the IF citation window (mean [SD] of 32.4% [7.9%] of journals’ articles)—reflecting citation skew—was not correlated with IF, the percentage of a journal’s articles that were cited at least once (mean [SD] of 62.5% [15.3%] of articles) was highly correlated (ρ = 0.92, P < .001) with its IF. Although citation skew exists, otolaryngology journals’ overall portfolios of published works—not a small number of highly cited articles causing citation skew—likely predominate their IFs.
Pegcetacoplan for paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
Authors: Gerber Gloria F. , Brodsky Robert A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractApproximately a third of patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) remain transfusion dependent or have symptomatic anemia despite treatment with a C5 inhibitor. Pegcetacoplan inhibits complement proximally at the level of C3 and is highly effective in treating persistent anemia resulting from C3-mediated extravascular hemolysis. We describe the rationale for C3 inhibition in the treatment of PNH and discuss preclinical and clinical studies using pegcetacoplan and other compstatin derivatives. We propose an approach for sequencing complement inhibitors in PNH.
Bradykinin-induced angioedema in the emergency department
Authors: Hébert Jacques , Boursiquot Jean-Nicolas , Chapdelaine Hugo , Laramée Benoit , Desjardins Marylin , Gagnon Rémi , Payette Nancy , Lepeshkina Oleksandra , Vincent Matthieu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundAcute airway angioedema commonly occurs through two distinct mechanisms: histamine- and bradykinin-dependent. Although they respond to distinct treatments, these two potentially life-threatening states present similarly. Poor recognition of the bradykinin-dependent pathway leads to treatment errors in the emergency department (ED), despite the availability of multiple pharmacologic options for hereditary angioedema (HAE) and other forms of bradykinin-induced angioedema. Here, we consider the pathophysiology and clinical features of bradykinin-induced angioedema, and we present a systematic literature review exploring the effectiveness of the available therapies for managing such cases.MethodsPubMed searches using ‘emergency’, ‘bradykinin’ and various therapeutic product names identified studies reporting the efficacy of treatments for bradykinin-induced angioedema in the ED setting. In all, 22 studies met prespecified criteria and are analysed here.FindingsWhereas histamine-induced angioedema has a faster onset and often presents with urticaria, bradykinin-induced angioedema is slower in onset, with greater incidence of abdominal symptoms. Acute airway angioedema in the ED should initially be treated with anaphylactic protocols, focusing on airway management and treatment with epinephrine, antihistamine and systemic steroids. Bradykinin-induced angioedema should be considered if this standard treatment is not effective, despite proper dosing and regard of beta-adrenergic blockade. Therapeutics currently approved for HAE appear as promising options for this and other forms of bradykinin-induced angioedema encountered in the ED.ConclusionDiagnostic algorithms of bradykinin-induced angioedema should be followed in the ED, with early use of approved therapies to improve patient outcomes.
Comparative analysis of the kinomes of Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax and their host Homo sapiens
Authors: Adderley Jack , Doerig Christian 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Novel antimalarials should be effective across all species of malaria parasites that infect humans, especially the two species that bear the most impact, Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax. Protein kinases encoded by pathogens, as well as host kinases required for survival of intracellular pathogens, carry considerable potential as targets for antimalarial intervention (Adderley et al. Trends Parasitol 37:508–524, 2021; Wei et al. Cell Rep Med 2:100423, 2021). To date, no comprehensive P. vivax kinome assembly has been conducted; and the P. falciparum kinome, first assembled in 2004, requires an update. The present study, aimed to fill these gaps, utilises a recently published structurally-validated multiple sequence alignment (MSA) of the human kinome (Modi et al. Sci Rep 9:19790, 2019). This MSA is used as a scaffold to assist the alignment of all protein kinase sequences from P. falciparum and P. vivax, and (where possible) their assignment to specific kinase groups/families.

Results
We were able to assign six P. falciparum previously classified as OPK or ‘orphans’ (i.e. with no clear phylogenetic relation to any of the established ePK groups) to one of the aforementioned ePK groups. Direct phylogenetic comparison established that despite an overall high level of similarity between the P. falciparum and P. vivax kinomes, which will help in selecting targets for intervention, there are differences that may underlie the biological specificities of these species. Furthermore, we highlight a number of Plasmodium kinases that have a surprisingly high level of similarity with their human counterparts and therefore not well suited as targets for drug discovery.

Conclusions
Direct comparison of the kinomes of Homo sapiens, P. falciparum and P. vivax sheds additional light on the previously documented divergence of many P. falciparum and P. vivax kinases from those of their human host. We provide the first direct kinome comparison between the phylogenetically distinct species of P. falciparum and P. vivax, illustrating the key similarities and differences which must be considered in the context of kinase-directed antimalarial drug discovery, and discuss the divergences and similarities between the human and Plasmodium kinomes to inform future searches for selective antimalarial intervention.
Transcriptome-wide N6-methyladenine methylation in granulosa cells of women with decreased ovarian reserve
Authors: Liu Chang , Li Linshuang , Yang Bo , Zhao Yiqing , Dong Xiyuan , Zhu Lixia , Ren Xinling , Huang Bo , Yue Jing , Jin Lei , Zhang Hanwang , Wang Lan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe emerging epitranscriptome plays an essential role in female fertility. As the most prevalent internal mRNA modification, N6-methyladenine (m6A) methylation regulate mRNA fate and translational efficiency. However, whether m6A methylation was involved in the aging-related ovarian reserve decline has not been investigated. Herein, we performed m6A transcriptome-wide profiling in the ovarian granulosa cells of younger women (younger group) and older women (older group).Resultsm6A methylation distribution was highly conserved and enriched in the CDS and 3’UTR region. Besides, an increased number of m6A methylated genes were identified in the older group. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that m6A methylated genes were enriched in the FoxO signaling pathway, adherens junction, and regulation of actin cytoskeleton. A total of 435 genes were differently expressed in the older group, moreover, 58 of them were modified by m6A. Several specific genes, including BUB1B, PHC2, TOP2A, DDR2, KLF13, and RYR2 which were differently expressed and modified by m6A, were validated using qRT-PCR and might be involved in the decreased ovarian functions in the aging ovary.ConclusionsHence, our finding revealed the transcriptional significance of m6A modifications and provide potential therapeutic targets to promote fertility reservation for aging women.
Estimation of invasive Group B Streptococcus disease risk in young infants from case-control serological studies
Authors: Izu Alane , Kwatra Gaurav , Madhi Shabir A. , Rigat Fabio 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Group B Streptococcus (GBS) infections are a major cause of invasive disease (IGbsD) in young infants and cause miscarriage and stillbirths. Immunization of pregnant women against GBS in addition to intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis could prevent disease. Establishing accurate serological markers of protection against IGbsD could enable use of efficient clinical trial designs for vaccine development and licensure, without needing to undertake efficacy trials in prohibitively large number of mother-infant dyads. The association of maternal naturally acquired serotype-specific anti-capsular antibodies (IgG) against serotype-specific IGbsD in their infants has been studied in case-control studies. The statistical models used so far to estimate IGbsD risk from these case-control studies assumed that the antibody concentrations measured sharing the same disease status are sampled from the same population, not allowing for differences between mothers colonised by GBS and mothers also potentially infected (e.g urinary tract infection or chorioamnionitis) by GBS during pregnancy. This distinction is relevant as infants born from infected mothers with occult medical illness may be exposed to GBS prior to the mother developing antibodies measured in maternal or infant sera.

Methods
Unsupervised mixture model averaging (MMA) is proposed and applied here to accurately estimate infant IGbsD risk from case-control study data in presence or absence of antibody concentration subgroups potentially associated to maternal GBS carriage or infection. MMA estimators are compared to non-parametric disease risk estimators in simulation studies and by analysis of two published GBS case-control studies.

Results
MMA provides more accurate relative risk estimates under a broad range of data simulation scenarios and more accurate absolute disease risk estimates when the proportion of IGbsD cases with high antibody levels is not ignorable. MMA estimates of the relative and absolute disease risk curves are more amenable to clinical interpretation compared to non-parametric estimates with no detectable overfitting of the data. Antibody concentration thresholds predictive of protection from infant IGbsD estimated by MMA from maternal and infant sera are consistent with non-parametric estimates.

Conclusions
MMA is a flexible and robust method for design, accurate analysis and clinical interpretation of case-control studies estimating relative and absolute IGbsD risk from antibody concentrations measured at or after birth.
Costing of an Australian general practice COVID-19 drive-through testing and respiratory clinic
Authors: Abraham Patrick , Manski-Nankervis Jo-Anne , Biezen Ruby , Hallinan Christine Mary , Gibney Katherine B. , Sanci Lena , Ride Jemimah 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Responding to the COVID-19 pandemic requires safe and efficient testing on a large scale over a prolonged period. Outpatient testing facilities can clinically assess and test symptomatic individuals and test asymptomatic contacts. This study identified the resources required to establish and maintain an Australian general practitioner (GP) led testing facility that combined a respiratory clinic for clinical assessment and testing with a drive-through testing facility.

Methods
Data were taken from clinic administrative records to identify the number of patients tested over the period April-June 2020. An independent auditor’s report identified the resources used in establishing, running, and staffing both clinics for the same period. Analyses were performed using the minimum and maximum daily throughput to understand the effect of demand on price per sample collected.

Results
The respiratory clinic tested an average of 19 patients per day, at an estimated cost of $340.04 AUD. This varied to $687.99 AUD during the lowest demand scenario, and $281.04 AUD during the high demand scenario. The drive-through clinic tested an average of 47 patients per day, at an estimated cost of $153.57 AUD. This varied to $279.51 AUD during the lowest demand scenario, and $99.92 AUD during the high demand scenario.

Conclusion
This study provides insight into the cost of testing at a drive through and respiratory clinic in Australia. The evidence highlights importance of considering variation in demand and the impact on efficiency, particularly where resource use is fixed in the short term.
Effect of clinical versus administrative data definitions on the epidemiology of C. difficile among hospitalized individuals with IBD: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Shaffer Seth R. , Nugent Zoann , Bernstein Charles N. , Walkty Andrew , Singh Harminder 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Hospitalization admissions and discharge databases (DAD) using the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes are often used to describe the epidemiology of Clostridioides difficile infections (CDI) among those with Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), even though DAD CDI definition can miss many cases of CDI. There are no data comparing the assessment of the epidemiology of CDI among those with IBD by DAD versus laboratory diagnosis. We used a population-based dataset to determine the effect of using DAD versus laboratory CDI diagnosis on CDI assessment among those with IBD.

Methods
We linked the University of Manitoba IBD Epidemiology Database to the provincial CDI laboratory dataset for the years 2005–2014. Time trends of CDI were assessed using joinpoint analyses. We used stratified logistic regression analysis to assess factors associated with CDI among individuals with IBD.

Results
Time trends of CDI among hospitalized individuals with IBD were similar when using DAD or the laboratory CDI diagnosis. Prior hospital admission and antibiotic exposure were associated with CDI using either of the CDI definitions, 5-ASA use was associated with CDI using DAD but not laboratory diagnosis, whereas corticosteroid exposure was associated with laboratory-based CDI diagnosis. Using laboratory results as gold standard, DAD had a sensitivity and specificity of 75.4% and 99.6% for CDI among those with IBD.

Conclusions
Using ICD codes in the DAD for CDI provides similar epidemiological time trend patterns as identifying CDI in the laboratory dataset. Hence, ICD codes are reliable to determine CDI epidemiology among hospitalized individuals with IBD.