bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crash testing and evaluation of W-beam guardrail using finite elements method
Authors: Gheres M I , Scurtu I L 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
On public roads, the guardrails represent the most used passive protection devices in the case of road accidents. Their role is to absorb the car impact energy. This paper presents and analyses tests of a W-beam guardrail type placed on the roadside using the finite element method. The introduction of the paper presents the state of the art, the requirements and the standards used for guardrails testing and crash test methods. In the second part of the paper is achieved the CAD model of the parapet and the impactor used to create the crash test. In the third part of this study, the boundary conditions of the guardrail structure and impactor are created for two cases of speed (80 and 110 km/h) at 20 degrees angles of impact, according to the SR EN 1317 standard. The fourth part proposes a new guardrail model changed by adding a new shock-absorber element and the distance between the poles is increased after visualization and interpretation of the obtained results of the guardrail structure. The new guardrail structure is tested at the same boundary condition as the base structure. The conclusions are highlighted in the last part of the study.
Experimental test to determine the strength of the seat belt anchorages
Authors: Manea A M , Iozsa D , Stan C , Ioniță A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Experimental tests on the type-approval of motor vehicles with regard to safety belt anchorages, ISOFIX anchorages and ISOFIX top anchorages have been carried out in accordance with Regulation No. 14 UNECE [1]. From the design stage, the safety belt anchorages must comply with the requirements for the installation of a safety belt and reduce slipping and damage to the belt while wearing it. These can be components of the seat structure or of the body’s resistance structure, which have the role of fastening the seat belts. The position of the anchor points is determined by the R point. The R point is defined as the seat reference point on the seat. This point is set by the vehicle manufacturer for each seat in the vehicle. In this paper, two models of chairs were tested. Both seat models are equipped with seat belts anchored at three anchor points. Seat belt anchorages were tested simultaneously using parallel force devices. These traction devices are placed on the seat cushion and are pressed into the seat back. The pulling device has a vertical pulling arm, which has the role of anchoring the steel wire cables. Two test forces are applied simultaneously to the anchor points during the test.
Recurrent Liver Allograft Injury in Patients With Donor-Derived Malignancy Treated With Immunosuppression Cessation and Retransplantation
Authors: Lee Brian T , Ganjoo Naveen , Fiel M Isabel , Hechtman Jackie F , Sarkar Suparna A , Kim-Schluger Leona , Florman Sander S , Schiano Thomas D 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Donor-derived malignancy of the liver allograft is a rare but serious condition in the setting of necessary immunosuppression. Retransplantation after abrupt immunosuppression cessation has been performed with durable cancer-free survival.

Methods
We present 2 cases of patients with donor-derived malignancy who were treated with complete immunosuppression cessation, which induced rapidly progressive liver allograft rejection and failure, with a need for subsequent retransplantation. We reviewed all serial liver biopsies and explants from both patients and performed C4d immunostaining.

Results
Initial explants of both patients showed severe allograft rejection, with unusual features of sinusoidal obstruction syndrome and C4d positivity. Malignant tumors in the explants were necrotic, related to rejection of donor-derived cancer cells and tissue. Follow-up of both patients has shown long-term cancer-free survival but issues with recurrent allograft failure requiring a third transplant. The reasons for retransplantation in both cases were related to allograft failure from antibody-mediated rejection.

Conclusions
Clinicians should be aware of a potentially increased risk of rejection and recurrent allograft failure when strategizing treatment of donor-derived malignancy with immunosuppression cessation and retransplantation.
Activation of ascorbate metabolism by nitrogen starvation and its physiological impacts in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Iwagami Takumi , Ogawa Takahisa , Ishikawa Takahiro , Maruta Takanori 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
Redox homeostasis is crucial for plant acclimation to nutrient-deficient conditions, but its molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study, the effects of nutrient deficiencies on antioxidant systems in Arabidopsis thaliana were investigated. We found that ascorbate content in the plants grown with nitrogen starvation was higher than those with complete nutrition. The higher ascorbate levels were associated with enhanced gene expression of ascorbate biosynthesis enzymes and cytosolic isozymes of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle, suggesting that nitrogen starvation facilitated both consumption and biosynthesis of ascorbate. Nevertheless, we did not identify any phenotypic differences between wild type and ascorbate-deficient mutants (vtc2) under nitrogen starvation. Under high-light stress, the vtc2 mutants suffered severer photoinhibition than wild type. Interestingly, when high-light stress and nitrogen starvation were combined, wild type and vtc2 plants exhibited photoinhibition to the same extent. Based on these findings, we discuss the regulation and role of ascorbate metabolism under nitrogen starvation.
Should I stay or should I go? Behavioral adjustments of fur seals related to foraging success
Authors: Chevallay Mathilde , Guinet Christophe , Jeanniard-Du-Dot Tiphaine 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Understanding foraging strategies and decision-making processes of predators provide crucial insights into how they might respond to changes in prey availability and in their environment to maximize their net energy input. In this work, foraging strategies of Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella, AFS) and Northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus, NFS) were studied to determine how they adjust their foraging behavior according to their past prey capture experiences. AFS on Kerguelen Islands are exclusively oceanic divers, while NFS population of St Paul Island shows both oceanic and neritic divers. We thus hypothesized that the two species would respond differently to a change in prey capture success depending on their foraging strategy. To test this, 40 females were equipped with tags that measured tri-axial acceleration, dive depth, and GPS coordinates, from which we derived prey capture attempts and behavioral metrics. Influence of prey capture success on horizontal and vertical movements of seals was investigated at different time scales: multi-dive, night, and trip. Both AFS and NFS traveled further during the day if they encountered low prey capture periods during the previous night. However, at the multi-dive scale, neritic NFS differed from oceanic NFS and AFS in terms of decision-making processes, e.g., both AFS and oceanic NFS dived deeper in response to low prey capture rate periods, while neritic NFS did not. Similarities in decision-making processes between NFS and AFS foraging on pelagic prey suggest that pelagic vs. neritic prey type is a key factor in defining foraging decisions of diving marine predators.
SSpro/ACCpro 6: almost perfect prediction of protein secondary structure and relative solvent accessibility using profiles, deep learning and structural similarity
Authors: Urban Gregor , Magnan Christophe N , Baldi Pierre 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Motivation
Accurately predicting protein secondary structure and relative solvent accessibility is important for the study of protein evolution, structure and an early-stage component of typical protein 3D structure prediction pipelines.

Results
We present a new improved version of the SSpro/ACCpro suite of predictors for the prediction of protein secondary structure (in three and eight classes) and relative solvent accessibility. The changes include improved, TensorFlow-trained, deep learning predictors, a richer set of profile features (232 features per residue position) and sequence-only features (71 features per position), a more recent Protein Data Bank (PDB) snapshot for training, better hyperparameter tuning and improvements made to the HOMOLpro module, which leverages structural information from protein segment homologs in the PDB. The new SSpro 6 outperforms the previous version (SSpro 5) by 3–4% in Q3 accuracy and, when used with HOMOLPRO, reaches accuracy in the 95–100% range.

Availability and implementation
The predictors’ software, data and web servers are available through the SCRATCH suite of protein structure predictors at http://scratch.proteomics.ics.uci.edu. To maximize comptatibility and ease of use, the deep learning predictors are re-implemented as pure Python/numpy code without TensorFlow dependency.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Noise-Transfer2Clean: denoising cryo-EM images based on noise modeling and transfer
Authors: Li Hongjia , Zhang Hui , Wan Xiaohua , Yang Zhidong , Li Chengmin , Li Jintao , Han Renmin , Zhu Ping , Zhang Fa 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Motivation
Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) is a widely used technology for ultrastructure determination, which constructs the 3D structures of protein and macromolecular complex from a set of 2D micrographs. However, limited by the electron beam dose, the micrographs in cryo-EM generally suffer from the extremely low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), which hampers the efficiency and effectiveness of downstream analysis. Especially, the noise in cryo-EM is not simple additive or multiplicative noise whose statistical characteristics are quite different from the ones in natural image, extremely shackling the performance of conventional denoising methods.

Results
Here, we introduce the Noise-Transfer2Clean (NT2C), a denoising deep neural network (DNN) for cryo-EM to enhance image contrast and restore specimen signal, whose main idea is to improve the denoising performance by correctly learning the noise distribution of cryo-EM images and transferring the statistical nature of noise into the denoiser. Especially, to cope with the complex noise model in cryo-EM, we design a contrast-guided noise and signal re-weighted algorithm to achieve clean-noisy data synthesis and data augmentation, making our method authentically achieve signal restoration based on noise’s true properties. Our work verifies the feasibility of denoising based on mining the complex cryo-EM noise patterns directly from the noise patches. Comprehensive experimental results on simulated datasets and real datasets show that NT2C achieved a notable improvement in image denoising, especially in background noise removal, compared with the commonly used methods. Moreover, a case study on the real dataset demonstrates that NT2C can greatly alleviate the obstacles caused by the SNR to particle picking and simplify the identifying of particles.

Availabilityand implementation
The code is available at https://github.com/Lihongjia-ict/NoiseTransfer2Clean/.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Stress dynamically reduces sleep depth: temporal proximity to the stressor is crucial
Authors: Beck Jonas , Loretz Erna , Rasch Björn 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The anticipation of a future stressor can increase worry and cognitive arousal and has a detrimental effect on sleep. Similarly, experiencing a stressful event directly before sleep increases physiological and cognitive arousal and impairs subsequent sleep. However, the effects of post- vs. pre-sleep stress on sleep and their temporal dynamics have never been directly compared. Here, we examined the effect of an anticipated psychosocial stressor on sleep and arousal in a 90-min daytime nap, in 33 healthy female participants compared to an anticipated within-subject relaxation task. We compared the results to an additional group (n = 34) performing the same tasks directly before sleep. Anticipating stress after sleep reduced slow-wave activity/beta power ratio, slow-wave sleep, sleep spindles, and slow-wave parameters, in particular during late sleep, without a concomitant increase in physiological arousal. In contrast, pre-sleep psychosocial stress deteriorated the same parameters during early sleep with a concomitant increase in physiological arousal. Our results show that presleep cognitions directly affect sleep in temporal proximity to the stressor. While physiological arousal mediates the effects of presleep stress on early sleep, we suggest that effects during late sleep originate from a repeated reactivation of mental concepts associated with the stressful event during sleep.
Validation of ISARIC 4C Mortality and Deterioration Scores in a Mixed Vaccination Status Cohort of Hospitalized Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Patients in Singapore
Authors: Ong Sean Wei Xiang , Sutjipto Stephanie , Lee Pei Hua , Dugan Christopher , Khoo Bo Yan , Ren Dongdong , Young Barnaby Edward , Lye David Chien 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In this cross-sectional study, we studied performance of the International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infections Consortium mortality and deterioration scores in a cohort of 410 hospitalized patients (51.2% fully vaccinated). area under the receiver
operating characteristic curves were 0.778 and 0.764, respectively, comparable to originally published validation cohorts. Subgroup analysis showed equally good performance in vaccinated and partially or unvaccinated patients.
The role of commodity speculation and household debt accumulation during financialization: a Classical-Keynesian analysis
Authors: Di Bucchianico Stefano 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we present a Classical-Keynesian viewpoint on financialisation grounded on the ‘integrated wage-commodity sector’ model. We focus on two aspects. First, with reference to the case of commodities, we argue that financial speculation in these markets did not affect normal prices but only caused market price short-run deviations. In addition, such speculation is unnecessary and even detrimental to the direct and indirect production of the wage-basket. Thus, financial regulation can restrain it without impairing the capability of the economic system to reproduce itself. Second, we show that the accumulation of household debt can enhance absolute and relative surplus value extraction from workers. This, in turn, positively impacts profitability. But, while absolute surplus value extraction boosts the amount of profit, only relative surplus value extraction increases the normal rate of profit.
Association between bone mineral density at different anatomical sites and both mortality and fracture risk in patients receiving renal replacement therapy: a longitudinal study
Authors: Jaques David A , Henderson Scott , Davenport Andrew 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe clinical utility of bone mineral density (BMD) measurement by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is debated in end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). We assessed the ability of BMD measured at different anatomical sites to predict mortality and fracture risk in patients requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT).MethodsWe reviewed all-cause mortality as well as incident hip and overall fracture risk in RRT patients who had BMD measured at the femoral neck, lumbar spine, arm, head, pelvis and total body as part of their routine follow-up between January 2004 and June 2012 at a single university centre.ResultsA total of 588 patients were included. The median follow-up was 6.5 years, the mean age was 59.6 years and 57.9% were males. Femoral neck BMD (FNBMD) (normal/high versus low) was negatively associated with mortality in univariate and multivariate analyses (P &lt; .001 and P = .048, respectively). Other sites of BMD measurements were not associated with mortality. In multivariate analysis, FNBMD was negatively associated with hip and any fracture risk (P = .004 and P = .013, respectively). No significant interaction was found between FNBMD and gender or parathyroid hormone (PTH) (P = .112 and P = .794, respectively).ConclusionsBMD measured at the femoral neck is predictive of mortality in patients requiring RRT, regardless of modality. Low BMD might be a marker of global patient frailty rather than a direct causal factor in this setting. FNBMD is also a strong predictor of hip and any fracture risk in this population, regardless of bone turnover as assessed by PTH levels. FNBMD is thus an overall prognostic marker in patients requiring RRT.
A Novel Hybrid Segmentation Approach for Decision Support: A Case Study in Banking
Authors: Mosa Mona , Agami Nedaa , Elkhayat Ghada , Kholief Mohamed 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Improving decision-making has become of paramount importance for gaining a competitive edge across organizations. Segmentation/clustering is a key enabler for enhancing decision-making. The RFM (Recency, Frequency and Monetary) is a scoring model, which consists of three parameters that is widely used for the same purpose, especially for customer-centric organizations. However, the current RFM still has some drawbacks that diminish the effectiveness of decision-making and thus, research is still needed in this area. In an attempt to fill this gap, a novel data-driven weighted model is proposed. It introduces a new parameter; ‘Adoption’, to be added to the existing RFM parameters. The research contribution is extended to hybrid the proposed model with a clustering technique to segment data into distinct and meaningful groups or clusters. The hybrid model was applied on real bank data as a case study to enhance the usage of its digital channels. The results showed that bank customers were grouped into four distinct clusters. The bank stakeholders were able to identify the characteristics of customers and develop their relevant strategies accordingly. The developed model was evaluated by measuring its stability and robustness from both scientific and business perspectives.
Rapid neutrophil mobilization by VCAM-1+ endothelial cell-derived extracellular vesicles
Authors: Akbar Naveed , Braithwaite Adam T , Corr Emma M , Koelwyn Graeme J , van Solingen Coen , Cochain Clément , Saliba Antoine-Emmanuel , Corbin Alastair , Pezzolla Daniela , Møller Jørgensen Malene , Bæk Rikke , Edgar Laurienne , De Villiers Carla , Gunadasa-Rohling Mala , Banerjee Abhirup , Paget Daan , Lee Charlotte , Hogg Eleanor , Costin Adam , Dhaliwal Raman , Johnson Errin , Krausgruber Thomas , Riepsaame Joey , Melling Genevieve E , Shanmuganathan Mayooran ,   Oxford Acute Myocardial Infarction Study (OxAMI), Banning Adrian , Kharbanda Raj , Ruparelia Neil , Alkhalil Mohammad , De Maria GianLiugi , Gaughran Lisa , Dall’Armellina Erica , Ferreira Vanessa , Borlotti Alessandra , Ng Yujun , Bock Christoph , Carter David R F , Channon Keith M , Riley Paul R , Udalova Irina A , Moore Kathryn J , Anthony Daniel C , Choudhury Robin P 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimsAcute myocardial infarction rapidly increases blood neutrophils (&lt;2 h). Release from bone marrow, in response to chemokine elevation, has been considered their source, but chemokine levels peak up to 24 h after injury, and after neutrophil elevation. This suggests that additional non-chemokine-dependent processes may be involved. Endothelial cell (EC) activation promotes the rapid (&lt;30 min) release of extracellular vesicles (EVs), which have emerged as an important means of cell–cell signalling and are thus a potential mechanism for communicating with remote tissues.Methods and resultsHere, we show that injury to the myocardium rapidly mobilizes neutrophils from the spleen to peripheral blood and induces their transcriptional activation prior to arrival at the injured tissue. Time course analysis of plasma-EV composition revealed a rapid and selective increase in EVs bearing VCAM-1. These EVs, which were also enriched for miRNA-126, accumulated preferentially in the spleen where they induced local inflammatory gene and chemokine protein expression, and mobilized splenic-neutrophils to peripheral blood. Using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing, we generated VCAM-1-deficient EC-EVs and showed that its deletion removed the ability of EC-EVs to provoke the mobilization of neutrophils. Furthermore, inhibition of miRNA-126 in vivo reduced myocardial infarction size in a mouse model.ConclusionsOur findings show a novel EV-dependent mechanism for the rapid mobilization of neutrophils to peripheral blood from a splenic reserve and establish a proof of concept for functional manipulation of EV-communications through genetic alteration of parent cells.
Assessment of the reliability of measurements taken on digital orthodontic models obtained from scans of plaster models in laboratory scanners. A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Warnecki Maciej , Nahajowski Marek , Papadopoulos Moschos A , Kawala Beata , Lis Joanna , Sarul Michał 
Published: January 2022

Summary

Background
In recent years, digital models have become increasingly popular among orthodontists, both for clinical and scientific purposes. It is, therefore, crucial to appropriately investigate their reliability. To this date, however, there has been no scientific, statistical investigation of their reliability as compared to the traditional gold standard—plaster models in the form of a meta-analysis.

Objectives
To evaluate the reliability and reproducibility of measurements taken on digital orthodontic models obtained from scanning plaster models in laboratory scanners compared to measurements taken directly on plaster models.

Search methods
Multiple electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) were searched for articles with no year or language limitations.

Selection criteria
The included original papers should have dealt with the accuracy and repeatability of the measurements conducted on plaster and digital models derived from laboratory scanners. In order to provide an adequate statistical analysis, the studies should have provided sufficient data, that is the difference of means (MDs) with standard deviations (SDs) for analysed measurements.

Data collection and analysis
In total, 25 types of non-standardised measurements were found in the evaluated studies. The quantitative analysis included papers that compared at least one of the parameters: upper/lower intermolar width, upper/lower intercanine width, overjet and overbite and provided standard deviation of the mean differences between measurements obtained on plaster and digital models from a laboratory scanner.

Results
GRADE and QUADAS tools were used to assess the quality of evidence, and they revealed substantial heterogeneity. Random-effects meta-analysis revealed no statistically significant differences for analysed measurements. Four of the analysed papers reported differences that may be considered clinically significant.

Conclusions
No statistical significance between the direct measurements on plaster models and the digital ones taken from laboratory scanners could be identified by means of random-effects meta-analysis.

Registration
The systematic review was registered in the PROSPERO database (ID CRD42020215411).