bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The structure at the centre of the giant radio galaxy GRS J0844+4627: a compact symmetric object?
Authors: Marecki A , Sebastian B , Ishwara-Chandra C H 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
We observed the core region of the giant radio galaxy GRS J0844+4627 with e-MERLIN at 1.52 and 5.07 GHz. These observations revealed that the apparent single feature at the centre of GRS J0844+4627, as seen by GMRT, consists of two components separated by 2.7 kpc in projection. Follow-up observations at 1.66 GHz using the EVN unveiled the complex morphologies of the two components. In particular, the south-western component identified with the SDSS J084408.85+462744.2 galaxy morphologically resembles a compact symmetric object (CSO) with a projected linear size of 115 pc. If the CSO hypothesis turns out to be correct, then the overall radio structure of GRS J0844+4627 is triple–double. Given that CSOs are considered young objects, GRS J0844+4627 would appear as a recently restarted active galaxy.
Genomes From Historic DNA Unveil Massive Hidden Extinction and Terminal Endangerment in a Tropical Asian Songbird Radiation
Authors: Wu Meng Yue , Lau Clara Jesse , Ng Elize Ying Xin , Baveja Pratibha , Gwee Chyi Yin , Sadanandan Keren , Ferasyi Teuku Reza , Haminuddin  , Ramadhan Rezky , Menner Jochen K , Rheindt Frank E 
Published: September 2022

AbstractQuantifying the magnitude of the global extinction crisis is important but remains challenging, as many extinction events pass unnoticed owing to our limited taxonomic knowledge of the world’s organisms. The increasing rarity of many taxa renders comprehensive sampling difficult, further compounding the problem. Vertebrate lineages such as birds, which are thought to be taxonomically well understood, are therefore used as indicator groups for mapping and quantifying global extinction. To test whether extinction patterns are adequately gauged in well-studied groups, we implemented ancient-DNA protocols and retrieved whole genomes from the historic DNA of museum specimens in a widely known songbird radiation of shamas (genus Copsychus) that is assumed to be of least conservation concern. We uncovered cryptic diversity and an unexpected degree of hidden extinction and terminal endangerment. Our analyses reveal that &gt;40% of the phylogenetic diversity of this radiation is already either extinct in the wild or nearly so, including the two genomically most distinct members of this group (omissus and nigricauda), which have so far flown under the conservation radar as they have previously been considered subspecies. Comparing the genomes of modern samples with those from roughly a century ago, we also found a significant decrease in genetic diversity and a concomitant increase in homozygosity affecting various taxa, including small-island endemics that are extinct in the wild as well as subspecies that remain widespread across the continental scale. Our application of modern genomic approaches demonstrates elevated levels of allelic and taxonomic diversity loss in a songbird clade that has not been listed as globally threatened, highlighting the importance of ongoing reassessments of extinction incidence even across well-studied animal groups.Key words: extinction, introgression, white-rumped shama, conservation.
EGFR, the Lazarus target for precision oncology in glioblastoma
Authors: Lin Benjamin , Ziebro Julia , Smithberger Erin , Skinner Kasey R , Zhao Eva , Cloughesy Timothy F , Binder Zev A , O’Rourke Donald M , Nathanson David A , Furnari Frank B , Miller C Ryan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe Lazarus effect is a rare condition that happens when someone seemingly dead shows signs of life. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) represents a target in the fatal neoplasm glioblastoma (GBM) that through a series of negative clinical trials has prompted a vocal subset of the neuro-oncology community to declare this target dead. However, an argument can be made that the core tenets of precision oncology were overlooked in the initial clinical enthusiasm over EGFR as a therapeutic target in GBM. Namely, the wrong drugs were tested on the wrong patients at the wrong time. Furthermore, new insights into the biology of EGFR in GBM vis-à-vis other EGFR-driven neoplasms, such as non-small cell lung cancer, and development of novel GBM-specific EGFR therapeutics resurrects this target for future studies. Here, we will examine the distinct EGFR biology in GBM, how it exacerbates the challenge of treating a CNS neoplasm, how these unique challenges have influenced past and present EGFR-targeted therapeutic design and clinical trials, and what adjustments are needed to therapeutically exploit EGFR in this devastating disease.
The Role of Race and Insurance Status in Access to Genetic Counseling and Testing Among High-Risk Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Choi Jihoon J , Fikre Tsion , Fischman Alexandra , Buck Anne K , Ko Naomi Y 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Purpose
The role of germline genetic testing in breast cancer patients is crucial, especially in the setting of the recent trials showing the benefit of PARP inhibitors. The goal of this study was to identify racial disparities in genetic counseling and testing in patients with high-risk breast cancer.

Methods
Patients with 2 unique breast cancer diagnoses were examined to understand demographics, insurance coverage, characteristics of breast cancer, and whether they were recommended for and received genetic counseling and testing.

Results
A total of 69 patients with a dual diagnosis of breast cancer between the years 2000 and 2017 were identified (42% identified as White compared to 58% that identified as non-White). White patients were more likely to be recommended for genetic counseling (OR = 2.85; 95% CI, 1.07-7.93, P &lt; .05), be referred for genetic counseling (OR = 3.17; 95% CI, 1.19-8.86, P &lt; .05), receive counseling (OR = 3.82; 95% CI, 1.42-10.83, P &lt; .01), and undergo genetic testing (OR = 2.88; 95% CI, 0.97-9.09, P = .056) compared to non-White patients. Patients with private insurance were significantly more likely to be recommended for genetic counseling (OR 5.63, P &lt; .005), referred (OR 6.11, P &lt; .005), receive counseling (OR 4.21, P &lt; .05), and undergo testing (OR 4.10, P &lt; .05). When controlled for insurance, there was no significant racial differences in the rates of GC recommendation, referral, counseling, or testing.

Conclusion
The findings of this study suggest that disparities in genetic counseling and testing are largely driven by differences in health insurance.
Inhibition of the Phosphatidylinositol-3 Kinase Pathway Using Bimiralisib in Loss-of-Function NOTCH1-Mutant Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Johnson Faye M , Janku Filip , Gouda Mohamed A , Tran Hai T , Kawedia Jitesh D , Schmitz Debora , Streefkerk Hendrik , Lee J Jack , Andersen Clark R , Deng Defeng , Rawal Seema , Shah Pooja A , El-Naggar Adel K , Johnson Jason M , Frederick Mitchell J 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
PI3K/mTOR inhibition leads to apoptosis of NOTCH1-mutant head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells. We tested the efficacy of the PI3K/mTOR inhibitor bimiralisib in patients with NOTCH1-mutant HNSCC.

Methods
Patients with recurrent/metastatic NOTCH1-mutant HNSCC who had progressed during chemotherapy and immunotherapy received bimiralisib until unacceptable toxicity or progression. To assess whether NOTCH1 mutations can be detected in blood, we measured circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). To assess activated NOTCH1 protein levels, we quantitated cleaved NOTCH1 (cl-NOTCH) by immunohistochemistry.

Results
Eight patients were treated, and 6 were evaluable for response. The objective response rate was 17%. For all 8 patients, median progression-free and overall survival was 5 and 7 months, respectively. Bimiralisib was well tolerated, with expected hyperglycemia. Pharmacokinetic values were consistent with published studies. NOTCH1 mutations were detected in 83.3% of ctDNA. Staining for tumor cl-NOTCH1 was negative. The trial closed early due to sponsor insolvency.

Conclusion
Although the trial was small, outcomes with bimiralisib were better than the historical standard of care; Results will need to be confirmed in a larger trial. The lack of cl-NOTCH1 was consistent with loss-of-function mutations and validated our mutation function algorithm. The ability to detect NOTCH1 mutations in blood will help future studies. (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03740100).
Grade 3/4 Adverse Event Costs of Immuno-oncology Combination Therapies for Previously Untreated Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: McGregor Bradley , Geynisman Daniel M , Burotto Mauricio , Porta Camillo , Suarez Cristina , Bourlon Maria T , Del Tejo Viviana , Du Ella X , Yang Xiaoran , Sendhil Selvam R , Betts Keith A , Huo Stephen 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
Despite 4 approved combination regimens in the first-line setting for advanced renal cell carcinoma (aRCC), adverse event (AE) costs data are lacking.

Materials and Methods
A descriptive analysis on 2 AE cost comparisons was conducted using patient-level data for the nivolumab-based therapies and published data for the pembrolizumab-based therapies. First, grade 3/4 AE costs were compared between nivolumab + ipilimumab vs. nivolumab + cabozantinib vs. pembrolizumab + axitinib using data from the CheckMate 214 (median follow-up [mFU]: 13.1 months), CheckMate 9ER (mFU: 12.8 months), and KEYNOTE-426 (mFU: 12.8 months) trials, respectively. Second, grade 3/4 AE costs were compared between nivolumab + ipilimumab vs. nivolumab + cabozantinib vs. pembrolizumab + lenvatinib using data from the CheckMate 214 (mFU: 26.7 months), CheckMate 9ER (mFU: 23.5 months), and KEYNOTE-581 (mFU: 26.6 months) trials, respectively. Per-patient costs for all-cause and treatment-related grade 3/4 AEs with corresponding any-grade AE rates ≥ 20% were calculated based on the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project database and inflated to 2020 US dollars.

Results
Per-patient all-cause grade 3/4 AE costs for nivolumab + ipilimumab vs. nivolumab + cabozantinib vs. pembrolizumab + axitinib were $2703 vs. $4508 vs. $5772, and treatment-related grade 3/4 AE costs were $741 vs. $2722 vs. $4440 over ~12.8 months of FU. For nivolumab + ipilimumab vs. nivolumab + cabozantinib vs. pembrolizumab + lenvatinib, per-patient all-cause grade 3/4 AE costs were $3120 vs. $5800 vs. $9285, while treatment-related grade 3/4 AE costs were $863 vs. $3162 vs. $5030 over ~26.6 months of FU.

Conclusion
Patients with aRCC treated with first-line nivolumab-based therapies had lower grade 3/4 all-cause and treatment-related AE costs than pembrolizumab-based therapies, suggesting a more favorable cost-benefit profile.
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Wait Time Reduction for Intensive Behavioural Intervention in Ontario
Authors: Piccininni C , Penner M 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
BACKGROUND: In Ontario, the Autism Intervention Program funds intensive behavioral intervention (IBI) for children severely affected by autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Accessing IBI before age four is associated with significantly better outcomes compared with later access; however, the average wait time for this program is 2.7 years. There have been no analyses modeling lifetime cost-effectiveness of wait time reduction for IBI.
OBJECTIVES: 1) Model the change in starting age for IBI with halved and eliminated wait times; 2) Perform a cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) comparing wait time reduction and elimination to the current status quo from both provincial government and societal perspectives.
DESIGN/METHODS: Published wait list statistics were used to calculate average starting age for IBI for current wait time, wait time halved, and wait time eliminated. The target population was children diagnosed with severe ASD. The outcome modeled was independence measured in dependency-free life years (DFLYs) to age 65. To derive this, expected IQ was modeled for each comparator based on probability of early (&lt; age 4) or late (4 or older) access to IBI. Probabilities of having an IQ in the normal (70+) or intellectual disability range (&lt;70) were calculated. IQ strata were assigned probabilities of achieving an Independent (60 DFLYs), Semi-Dependent (30 DFLYs) or Dependent (0 DFLYs) outcome. Costs were determined from provincial government and societal perspectives. Parameters were inputted into a decision analytic model, with an annual discount rate of 3% applied to costs and DFLYs. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were determined for each strategy. One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the impact of model uncertainty.
RESULTS: Average starting ages for IBI were determined to be 5.24 years for current wait time, 3.89 years for wait time halved, and 2.71 years for wait time eliminated. From the provincial government perspective, eliminated wait time was the dominant strategy, generating the most DFLYs for $6,500 less per individual than current wait time. From the societal perspective, eliminated wait time again dominated the other strategies, with lifetime savings of $38,000 per individual compared with current wait time. ICERs were most sensitive to uncertainty associated with probability of having an IQ greater than 70 and probability of achieving an independent outcome when IQ was greater than 70.
CONCLUSION: The results suggest that funding expanded program capacity would optimize the likelihood of positive IBI outcomes, improve future independence, and lessen the cost burden from provincial and societal perspectives.
Screens and Sleep: Are Interactive Screen Activities Associated with Short and Inefficient Sleep?
Authors: Irving R , Paquin S , Tesfaye R , Gruber R 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Although sleep is essential for healthy development, school-aged children are not getting the recommended number of hours of sleep each night. There is evidence that screen-based activity use is associated with shorter sleep duration and poorer sleep quality in pediatric populations. Findings also suggest that using more interactive activities, such as video games, might be associated with shorter and less efficient sleep, when compared to more passive activities, such as watching television. Few studies have examined this connection in school-aged children and none have employed objective measurements of sleep.
OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to assess the associations between devices that are different in their level of interactivity with quantity and quality of sleep. We hypothesized that more interactive screen activities will explain more of the variability in sleep efficiency and sleep duration compared to less interactive activities.
DESIGN/METHODS: Participants included 78 school-aged children (M=8.57, SD=1.81). Sleep was assessed objectively using actigraphy, a non-invasive device worn to examine sleep-wake patterns by measuring movement. Variables of interest included sleep duration and sleep efficiency. Time spent engaging in screen time activities was assessed via parental reports on the Children’s Leisure Activities Study Survey. Screen activities included time spent watching television/videos, playing video games, and using the computer.
RESULTS: Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to determine possible associations between screen activities and sleep variables. In the first analysis, longer time spent on computer use and playing video gameswas negatively associated with sleep duration (b= -0.04, p&lt;.01; b = -0.05, p&lt;.01, respectively) and the full model explained 24% of the variance. In a second analysis, using the computer was negatively associated with sleep efficiency (b = -0.01, p&lt;.05) and the full model explained 14% of the variance.
CONCLUSION: The current study found that interactive screen activities, including video games playing and computer use, but not watching television, were associated with significantly shorter sleep duration and poorer sleep efficiency. These findings support previous research in school-aged children that suggests video games and other interactive activities are associated with short and inefficient sleep.
Phantom Experimental Study on Patient Doses Obtained from 320-Multidetector-Row Computed Tomography in Whole-Brain Perfusion Scan
Authors: Lu Heqing , Meng Ting , You Yang , Liu Ying , He Kai , Kan Yandong , Zhang Haowei 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This study aimed to precisely evaluate organ dose and effective dose (E) obtained from a 320-multidetector-row computed tomography (CT) scanner in brain perfusion scans and to estimate the conversion factor (k) between E and dose length product (DLP). A total of 270 thermoluminescent dosemeters were implanted in a male anthropomorphic phantom to measure air kerma. The ratios of mass-energy absorption coefficients were used to convert air kerma into organ doses. The organ doses ranged from 0.01 to 150 mGy. Doses in brain, salivary glands and red bone marrow were relatively high, and dose in eye lens reached about 110 mGy. The resulting effective dose was 5.30 mSv. The resulting conversion factor k = (0.0022 ± 0.0002) mSv·(mGy·cm)−1 was not significantly different from that of 0.0021 mSv·(mGy·cm)−1 reported for head CT scan in ICRP Publication 102.
DIAGNOSTIC REFERENCE LEVELS OF RADIOGRAPHIC AND CT EXAMINATIONS IN SAUDI ARABIA: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Alrehily Faisal 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A systematic search was conducted to explore the literature on the existing diagnostic reference level (DRL) of radiographic and computed tomography (CT) examinations in Saudi Arabia. The search was performed using Web of Science, Scopus and EBSCO. The search identified 19 studies that reported DRL values for radiographic and CT examinations in Saudi Arabia. Six of those studies reported DRL values for projection radiography, and the remaining studies reported DRL values for CT examinations (n = 13). The entrance surface dose, volume CT dose index (CTDIvol) and dose-length product (DLP) were the most common methods used for establishing the DRLs. Variations were observed in the Saudi DRL values, and this is consistent with the DRL values reported in the literature. Educating and training radiographers to better understand dose minimizing techniques may result in lower patient doses and lower variances in DRL values.
Description and Utilization of Telewound Monitoring Services in Primary Care Patients with Acute Wounds in Singapore: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Zhu Xiaoli , Ren Barnabas Felix Soh Jia , Lim Voon Hooi , Wan Lili , Chen Yan , Wang Xiuhong , Weng Jiayi , Goh Ling Jia 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
To describe an inaugural telewound monitoring service (TMS) designed for the remote monitoring of acute wounds to empower primary care patients, and identify factors associated with the utilization of the TMS.

METHODS
Retrospective data were collected from 204 patients who participated in the TMS between June 19, 2016 and August 31, 2017 and analyzed using both descriptive and multiple regression analysis.

RESULTS
The mean patient age was 27.9 years (SD, 12.4); wound area was 7.8 cm2 (SD, 21.2); and duration of healing was 11.7 days (SD, 6.9). A multiple regression model based on patients’ demographics and wound factors predicted which patients were likely to have more telewound sessions than face-to-face sessions. The model was statistically significant (F = 2.093 (11, 124), P = .025) with 15.7% of variance explained by the variables. An increase in age (P = .043) and increased days to healing (P = .043) were associated with a reduction in the number of telewound sessions.

CONCLUSIONS
The TMS is a valuable alternative to face-to-face wound care that enables patients with acute wounds to assume the roles of both patient and carer simultaneously. Age and healing duration are predictors for utilization of this service. Prompt attention to these predictors may improve service allocation and utilization.
Promoting Person-Centered Care for Health Baccalaureate Students: Piloting an Interprofessional Education Approach to Wound Management
Authors: Parker Christina N. , Johnston Sandra , Theobald Karen A. 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
To describe and analyze the implementation of a wound management interprofessional education experience for nursing, podiatry, pharmacy, and exercise and nutrition science health baccalaureate students. The disciplines outside of nursing were invited to join the classes of a wound care elective unit in nursing.

METHODS
This study included the development and implementation of a wound care program and observation of all students enrolled in the health disciplines where wound management education was relevant.

RESULTS
Results indicated an increase in students’ recognition of their roles and the roles of others within an interprofessional healthcare team. Facilitators reported that students learned to share information and work collaboratively to plan care for people with wounds.

CONCLUSIONS
The outcomes confirm that the structured wound management program of interprofessional education within a Faculty of Health course promoted student recognition of wound management and the essential shared approach to person-centered care.
Effect of Combined Epidural Morphine and Midazolam on Postoperative Pain in Patients Undergoing Major Abdominal Cancer Surgery
Authors: Abdelemam Rania M. , Fares Khaled M. , Kamal Shereen M. 
Published: September 2022

Objective:
The objective was to compare analgesic effect of combined epidural morphine-midazolam with either drug alone on postoperative pain in patients undergoing major abdominal cancer surgery.

Materials and Methods:
Eighty-four patients were allocated in prospective randomized double-blind study to receive epidural analgesia. Patients received 5 mg morphine in morphine (Mor) group, 5 mg midazolam in midazolam (Mid) group, 5 mg morphine + 5 mg midazolam in morphine-midazolam (MM) group, 0.25% bupivacaine was added to injected solution with same volume in all groups. All groups were compared with time of first analgesic request, total analgesic consumption, number of epidural doses, postoperative Visual Analog Scale score, and adverse events.

Results:
Time of first analgesic request was 4 to 8 hours in Mid versus 12 to 23 and 14 to 24 hours in Mor and MM groups, respectively, with significant difference between Mid versus Mor (P<0.001), Mid versus MM (P<0.001), and Mor versus MM groups (P<0.031). Analgesic consumption was more in Mid than Mor and MM groups, with significant difference between Mid versus Mor (P<0.008), Mid versus MM (P<0.001), with no significant difference between Mor and MM groups (P<0.6). The number of epidural doses in Mid was 1 to 3 versus 1 to 3, and 1 to 2 in Mor and MM groups, respectively, with significant difference between Mid versus Mor (P<0.025), Mid versus MM (P<0.004), with no significant difference between Mor and MM groups (P=1.0).

Conclusions:
Addition of midazolam to epidural morphine prolonged time of first analgesic request and decreased total analgesic consumption.