bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Skin Tape Stripping Reveals Distinct Biomarker Profiles in Chronic Hand Eczema of Patients With and Without Comorbid Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Bar Jonathan , Del Duca Ester , David Eden , Bose Swaroop , Chefitz Gabriella , Brunner Patrick M. , Bissonnette Robert , Guttman‐Yassky Emma 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionChronic hand eczema (CHE) is a highly prevalent inflammatory skin condition which is often resistant to conventional treatments. Molecular insights of CHE remain limited. Tape stripping combined with high‐throughput RNA sequencing can now provide a better insight into CHE pathogenesis in a minimally invasive fashion.MethodsWe collected tape strip samples from lesional and non‐lesional skin of 66 patients with moderate‐to‐severe CHE, comprising 33 with and 33 without comorbid atopic dermatitis (AD), and performed bulk RNA sequencing. Results were compared to tape strips from palmar skin of age/race/sex‐matched healthy controls (HC). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (fold change/FCH > 1.5 and false discovery rate/FDR < 0.05) were calculated and correlated with clinical severity scores including hand eczema severity index (HECSI) and modified total lesion symptoms score (mTLSS).ResultsTape strip isolates detected a common phenotype in CHE lesions regardless of AD status, including upregulated type‐1 (IL12RB2, IFNGR1, IFNGR2, MX1) and type‐2‐associated inflammatory mediators (CCL22, CCL24, OX40/TNFRSF4, TSLPR/CRLF2, GATA3), paralleled by downregulated epidermal barrier markers (i.e., FLG or LORICRIN). Non‐lesional skin demonstrated a similar, albeit milder, dysregulation pattern, with additional reduction in type‐17 pathways. Lesional skin of CHE patients without AD showed greater skewing towards type‐1 immunity (IL15RA, CXCL9), while CHE from AD patients showed a more pronounced type‐2 inflammatory pattern (IL13, CCL17) and their gene expression biomarkers had greater and more significant correlations with clinical severity markers.ConclusionTape stripping can capture detailed immune and skin barrier abnormalities in CHE and identify potential novel subtype‐specific treatment targets. Stronger correlations in patients with AD suggest a more homogenous disease phenotype than in CHE non‐AD patients.Trial Registration: NCT03728504
Trends in comorbidities and complications among patients undergoing elective total hip and knee arthroplasty in the USA
Authors: Reisinger Lisa , Cozowicz Crispiana , Poeran Jashvant , Zhong Haoyan , Illescas Alex , Giannakis Periklis , Liu Jiabin , Memtsoudis Stavros G. 
Published: January 2025

SummaryBackgroundDemand for total hip and knee arthroplasty procedures continues to rise. Ongoing changes in surgical care and patient populations require continued monitoring of outcome trends. Using nationwide data from the USA, we aimed to describe updated trends in patient and peri‐operative care characteristics as well as complications among total hip and knee arthroplasty recipients.MethodsWe included patients who underwent elective primary total hip or knee arthroplasty between 2016 and 2021. Trends were reported for a variety of patient and peri‐operative care characteristics as well as complications.ResultsWe identified significant trends in patient and peri‐operative care characteristics as well as the incidence of complications. While patient median age increased, demographic composition remained consistent over the time period studied. There was a shift towards outpatient total hip and knee arthroplasty procedures, with one in five performed in the outpatient setting in 2021; the median duration of hospital stay decreased by 1 day over the time period for both procedures. Parallel increasing trends of total procedure numbers were found for patients without comorbidities and those with ≥ 3 comorbidities. Postoperative mortality increased significantly over the time period analysed for patients having total hip arthroplasty but not those having total knee arthroplasty (0.08 to 0.15 events per 1000 inpatient days, p = 0.037 and 0.09 to 0.33 events per 1000 inpatient days, p = 0.149, respectively).DiscussionCompared with previous trend analyses of patients having total hip or knee arthroplasty, the present study shows: an increasing rate of outpatient surgeries; increasing numbers of arthroplasty procedures in high comorbidity burden groups; and an increase incidence of certain serious postoperative complications.
Barriers and facilitators for female practitioners in orthopaedic training and practice: a scoping review
Authors: Freeman Clara , Evans Rebecca , Drever Natalie , White Jordy , Larkins Sarah , Morrey Christopher 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundDespite advances in medical education and professional opportunities, orthopaedic surgery remains the least gender‐diverse medical specialty, with women significantly underrepresented globally. This scoping review aims to synthesize existing literature to provide a comprehensive overview of the barriers and facilitators encountered by females in orthopaedic surgery training and practice.MethodsA comprehensive search of Medline (OVID), Scopus, Embase, Emcare, and CINAHL was performed from inception to 14 July 2024. Additional sources were identified via citation searching and Google Scholar. Any primary studies employing qualitative, quantitative, or mixed methods approaches to explore barriers and facilitators experienced by female orthopaedic trainees and consultants in high‐income countries. Quality analysis of included articles was conducted using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool.ResultsSeventy‐nine studies met the inclusion criteria, involving over 100 000 participants between 1993 and 2024. Most studies were cross‐sectional surveys. Sixty‐eight barriers and 38 facilitators were identified. Analysis using the Socio‐Ecological Model revealed the complex interplay of factors at the individual, interpersonal, organizational, community, and policy levels. The largest proportion of barriers and facilitators resided at the organizational level.ConclusionThis scoping review provides a comprehensive mapping of current evidence on barriers and facilitators for female practitioners in orthopaedic surgery training and practice. The findings suggest the need for multifaceted interventions to promote gender equity. Future research should evaluate the effectiveness of specific interventions and develop strategies to support women in orthopaedics, ultimately contributing to a more inclusive and diverse workforce.
Length of hospital stay not affected by empirical treatment with ceftriaxone versus cefuroxime for bacteraemia
Authors: Hetzroni Aviya , Yosef Plia Gillis , Hedar Muna , Ishay Rotem Tal‐Ben , Sharon Nechama , Rubinstein Uri 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAimThe preferred antibiotic treatment for bacteraemia in infants continues to be debated. We examined the duration of hospital stays as a surrogate for the effectiveness of initial treatment with ceftriaxone versus cefuroxime.MethodsThis was a retrospective review of the medical records of all infants aged 3–36 months, admitted with suspected occult bacteraemia to the paediatric department at Laniado Hospital, Israel, between 2016 and 2022. The effect of antibiotic treatment, namely ceftriaxone versus cefuroxime, on hospital stays was determined, in both the total study population and population subgroups.ResultsWe identified 217 patients (59.0% male) with a median age of 13 months and 12.4% had positive blood cultures. Approximately three‐quarters (75.6%) received cefuroxime as their initial treatment for bacteraemia and the other quarter (24.4%) received ceftriaxone. The median length of hospital stay was 3.0 (interquartile range 3.0–4.0), with no statistically significant difference between the two drugs. However, we did notice a statistically significant shorter median length of hospital stay among fully vaccinated infants treated with cefuroxime rather than ceftriaxone (p = 0.055).ConclusionThe length of hospital stay among infants diagnosed with bacteraemia was not affected by whether they initially received ceftriaxone or cefuroxime. Further studies in larger populations are needed.
Investigation of the recycling of Han Chinese bronze mirrors into Japanese imitation mirrors
Authors: Pollard Mark , Liu Ruiliang , Zhang Yun 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWe revisit the chemical data on imitation Japanese bronze mirrors of the Kofun period (c. 300–538 CE), which Hisao Mabuchi (馬淵久夫) has used to suggest that these mirrors were made from broken imported Han‐style mirrors diluted with additional copper. Using a different approach, we confirm that the composition of these mirrors is consistent with Mabuchi's suggestion. In addition, we can use data from our model to take this analysis further, by combining the elemental and lead isotope data, determining how much each source contributes to the lead in the mirrors, and calculating the possible isotope composition of the lead in the imported mirrors and in the added copper. This shows that both the mirrors and the added copper are unlikely to contain Japanese lead. As Mabuchi suggested, there appears to have been a trade in both Han‐style mirrors and copper ingots from China to Japan in the Kofun period. Not only does this work support the previous conclusions, but it also sets out a new methodological approach that can be used to further such research.
The developmental changes in the otolith morphology of four members of the family Scorpaenidae from the Antalya Bay, Mediterranean coast of Türkiye
Authors: Koca Habil Uğur , Koca Seval Bahadir , Jawad Laith A. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractOtoliths from four species of scorpaenids–Helicolenus dactylopterus (Delaroche, 1809), Scorpaena elongata Cadenat, 1943, Scorpaena notata Rafinesque, 1810, and Scorpaena scrofa Linnaeus, 1758–were collected from Antalya Bay along the Mediterranean coast of Türkiye. The fish were captured using a commercial bottom trawl net with a mesh size of 44 mm (22 mm in the cod end). The fishing grounds varied in depth from 40 to 160 meters. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images were utilized to analyse the otoliths’ characteristics. Twenty‐one distinct features were defined to describe their shapes. Among these, 8 characteristics were consistent across both juvenile and adult otoliths, while 13 features exhibited developmental variation. The results reveal four types of variations: ontogenetic, interspecific, intraspecific, and sexual dimorphism. A comparison with previously documented otoliths of these species from different regions indicates a uniformity intraspecifically across extensive geographic ranges, suggesting that these characteristics are valuable for identification purposes. The diagnostic features of the otoliths can aid in confirming species identity. Additionally, a SEM‐based iconography of the otoliths for all studied species is provided.
Unravelling genetic structure of the neotropical freshwater crab Sylviocarcinus pictus (Decapoda, Trichodactylidae) along the rapids‐dwelling Xingu River, Amazon basin
Authors: Mantelatto F. L. , Faganello G. S. , Geremias H. , Robles R. , Magalhães C. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSylviocarcinus pictus is a freshwater crab widely distributed across the Amazon basin and coastal basins of northern South America. In the Xingu River basin, Pará, Brazil, the species is found from its middle portion up to the confluence with the Amazon River. This extensive distribution led to questions about the influence of the Volta Grande do Xingu rapids on genetic diversification between populations above and below this area. To explore this hypothesis, 39 mitochondrial gene sequences (COI and 16S rRNA) from 22 samples collected from both areas were analysed in a phylogeographic context. Bayesian Inference and haplotype networks revealed at least two genetically distinct lineages of S. pictus in the Xingu River. The resulting genetic structure found within these populations raised questions about the taxonomic cohesion of the taxon and the potential existence of cryptic species that warrant further investigation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first molecular study on the genetic structure of a Sylviocarcinus species from the Amazon basin. Given the novelty and the underestimated diversity in this region, we advocate for additional studies on morphological and taxonomic approaches about this taxon to contribute to a future understanding of the evolutionary history of the genus.
Ghrelin: An Emerging Therapy for Heart Failure
Authors: Theodorakis Nikolaos , Feretzakis Georgios , Kreouzi Magdalini , Anagnostou Dimitrios , Hitas Christos , Verykios Vassilios S. , Nikolaou Maria 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveGhrelin is emerging as a promising therapeutic option for heart failure (HF) due to its potent inotropic, anabolic, and cardioprotective properties. This review aims to critically examine the available clinical evidence on ghrelin therapy in HF, while also incorporating key findings from preclinical studies that support its therapeutic potential.MethodsA comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed and the Cochrane Library up to September 15, 2024, using the keywords “heart failure” and “ghrelin.” From 247 identified records, four randomized controlled trials, one open‐label trial, one observational study, and key preclinical studies were included. Two independent authors performed the screening and quality assessment, with any discrepancies resolved through consensus.ResultsClinical trials investigating ghrelin's acute effects in HF patients have demonstrated significant improvements in cardiac output, ranging from 15% to 30%. Moreover, one study showed that a 3‐week course of ghrelin therapy significantly increased maximal oxygen consumption, lean body mass, and grip strength in HF patients. Preclinical studies further support these clinical findings, highlighting additional benefits of ghrelin, including modulation of the autonomic nervous system, promotion of vasodilation, enhancement of endothelial function, prevention of myocardial remodeling, reduction of arrhythmogenic risk, and increased muscle mass in HF models.ConclusionsGhrelin is a promising therapeutic option for HF, particularly as an inotropic agent with multifaceted benefits, including autonomic nervous system modulation, anabolic effects, and metabolic regulation. However, further trials are required to confirm its long‐term efficacy and safety and assess whether its benefits can translate into reductions in hard clinical endpoints.
Association Between Blood Urea Nitrogen and Delirium in Critically Ill Elderly Patients Without Kidney Diseases: A Retrospective Study and Mendelian Randomization Analysis
Authors: Fang Yipeng , Tang Xiaohong , Gao Ying , Xie Hui , Shen Yuehao , Peng Min , Liu Jie , Zhang Yunfei , Cui Yan , Xie Keliang 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis study investigates the association between blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels and the risk of delirium in critically ill elderly patients without kidney disease.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted using data from the MIMIC‐IV database. The relationship between BUN and delirium risk was illustrated through the restricted cubic spline (RCS) method. Patients were stratified by BUN levels and examined for delirium incidence using logistic regression, subgroup analysis, and sensitivity analysis. Mendelian randomization (MR) was employed to explore potential causal relationships.ResultsThe maximum BUN level exhibited the strongest non‐linear positive association with the odds of delirium. Compared to the Q1 group, both the Q3 (23–31 mg/dL) and Q4 (> 31 mg/dL) groups consistently showed increased odds of developing delirium. Subgroup analysis identified a significant interaction between BUN and midazolam, with the association only evident in patients not exposed to midazolam. After adjusting for baseline characteristics, the odds ratio for delirium was found to range from 1.35 to 1.39 in those with BUN levels exceeding 23 mg/dL. However, the MR analysis did not reveal any significant causal relationship (all p > 0.05).ConclusionIn conclusion, elevated BUN may be a risk factor for delirium in critically ill elderly patients without renal dysfunction, with this potential link possibly modulated by midazolam exposure.
Pretransplant Minimal Pleural and Peritoneal Effusion Is a Potential Poor Prognostic Indicator in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Oyama Takashi , Honda Akira , Masuda Yasutaka , Morita Ken , Maki Hiroaki , Masamoto Yosuke , Kurokawa Mineo 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundPleural effusion and ascites developing after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐SCT) are generally associated with inferior overall survival (OS); however, the prognostic value of pretransplant effusion on transplant outcomes remained unclear.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated minimal pleural effusion and ascites detected by computed tomography in 248 consecutive adult patients who underwent their first allo‐SCT from January 2007 to December 2022.ResultsForty‐eight patients demonstrated minimal pleural effusion or ascites within 100 days before transplantation (Effusion group) and the other 200 had no effusion (No effusion group). Serum albumin level was significantly lower in the Effusion group than in the No effusion group (median 3.8 vs. 3.4 g/dL, p < 0.001). Performance status (PS) was significantly inferior and refined disease risk index tended to be higher in the Effusion group. The 2‐year OS rate after transplantation was significantly worse in the Effusion group (57.1% vs. 36.7%, p < 0.001). The Effusion group had a significantly lower cumulative incidence of neutrophil and platelet engraftment and higher hepatic veno‐occlusive disease. Moreover, a tendency toward higher cumulative incidence of relapse and non‐relapse mortality was shown in the Effusion group. In multivariate analysis, the Effusion group had a significantly inferior OS with a hazard ratio of 1.848 (95% confidence interval 1.231–2.774), even after adjustment for disease risk, serum albumin level, PS, and Hematopoietic Cell Transplant‐Comorbidity Index points.ConclusionReflecting high disease activity and impaired general condition, pretransplant effusion can be a complementary indicator for poor prognosis in allo‐SCT.
Understanding systemic factors that Lead to high conflict domestic disputes
Authors: Anderson Kelli , Augugliaro Katelyn 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis research aimed to determine the systemic factors that contribute to custody disputes becoming high conflict domestic disputes (HCDs). In contrast to the large number of studies identifying interpersonal and intrapersonal factors related to the couple, few studies have identified how systemic factors could specifically contribute to HCDs. Systemic factors are those that are not caused by either party but exist due to the circumstances of the situation in which the couple finds themselves. These systemic factors can cause the relationship to fragment and can escalate any existing conflict that may exist. The purposes of this study were, therefore, to (1) explore perceptions about systemic factors and interventions that can cause conflicts to progress to HCDs in couples with children and (2) develop a conceptual framework and theory to explain how systemic factors can create barriers to conflict resolution and describe a process for how decreasing the impact of these systemic factor can decrease the potential for the development or continuation of HCDs in couples with children. Based on the responses of the participants, three concepts were specified: the adversarial nature of the court system, economic considerations, and socio‐cultural influences.
Bottom‐Trawling Footprint Changed as Fishery Shifted From Hake to Shrimp
Authors: Florez Laura C. , Reinaldo Matías Ocampo , Svendsen Guillermo M. , González Raúl A. , Romero María Alejandra 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTCrustacean fisheries have increased worldwide, leading to changes in fishing practices. In San Matias Gulf, Argentina, the Patagonian red shrimp replaced Argentine hake as the main target since 2012. We analyzed this shift from 2004 to 2020 using vessel monitoring systems and landings. Fishing positions were identified using the speed rule. Gravitational centers of fishing intensity were used to assess seasonal spatial changes of the fleet, and bottom‐trawling footprint was used to quantify the area of the seabed affected. Landings were pooled monthly to assess multivariate changes in landing composition. Previously concentrated around a frontal system, the fleet moved northward between 2014 and 2020, while reducing hake landings but increasing shrimp landings. The total area trawled did not change significantly, but the footprint nearly doubled. Our results can be used for fishery management by increasing understanding of spatial and temporal changes in fishing strategies for policymakers.
Apical periodontitis microbiome association with salivary and serum inflammatory burden
Authors: Bakhsh Abdulaziz , Joseph Susan , Mannocci Francesco , Proctor Gordon , Moyes David , Niazi Sadia Ambreen 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAimsApical Periodontitis (AP) involves complex interactions between the root canal microbiome and the host immune response, with potential risk of local and systemic inflammatory burden, however there is no evidence available regarding correlation between microbiome and inflammatory marker levels. This study aims to identify the microbiome of saliva, intracanal and blood samples in AP subjects and investigate the correlation between intracanal and blood microbiomes with serum inflammatory biomarker levels, and salivary microbiomes with salivary inflammatory biomarker levels.MethodologySaliva, Intracanal and blood samples were collected from AP patients undergoing root canal retreatment. Following DNA extraction, 16SrRNA gene‐sequence analysis (V1–V2) was performed using Illumina MiSeq 300 platform. Serum and salivary inflammatory marker levels were measured using the magnetic multiplex‐microbead assay. The alpha and beta diversities were tested using the phyloseq package in R (version 4.1). The abundance of the identified phyla and genera were analysed using non‐parametric tests. Spearman´s correlation coefficient was used for correlation between microbial abundance and biomarker levels.ResultsStreptococcus and Prevotella were prevalent in saliva; Enterococcus, Streptococcus and Bacteroidaceae_(G‐1) in intracanal; and Cutibacterium and Staphylococcus in blood samples. Streptococcus, Prevotella, Actinomyces and Rothia were the most abundant common genera among all three sample sources. In saliva, Haemophilus, Gemella, Prevotella, and Alloprevotella were positively correlated with salivary levels of IL‐8, MMP‐2, TNF‐α, and IL‐6, respectively. Intracanal genera, Enterobacter, and Parvinomonas, were positively correlated serum FGF‐23. Finally, the abundance of Novosphingobium, Streptococcus, Bosea, and Corynebacterium genus in blood were positively correlated with FGF‐23, MMP‐9, CRP, IL‐8, and ICAM‐1.ConclusionMicrobiome in saliva, blood and intracanal samples were correlated with some of the inflammatory biomarker levels of saliva and serum, suggesting that the effect of AP goes beyond a periapical infection and may pose a potential systemic inflammatory burden risk if left untreated.