bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pain management after total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Lavand’homme Patricia M. , Kehlet Henrik , Rawal Narinder , Joshi Girish P. ,   on behalf of the PROSPECT Working Group of the European Society of Regional Anaesthesia and Pain Therapy (ESRA)
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND
The PROSPECT (PROcedure SPEcific Postoperative Pain ManagemenT) Working Group is a global collaboration of surgeons and anaesthesiologists formulating procedure-specific recommendations for pain management after common operations. Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is associated with significant postoperative pain that is difficult to treat. Nevertheless, pain control is essential for rehabilitation and to enhance recovery.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the available literature and develop recommendations for optimal pain management after unilateral primary TKA.

DESIGN
A narrative review based on published systematic reviews, using modified PROSPECT methodology.

DATA SOURCES
A literature search was performed in EMBASE, MEDLINE, PubMed and Cochrane Databases, between January 2014 and December 2020, for systematic reviews and meta-analyses evaluating analgesic interventions for pain management in patients undergoing TKA.

ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA
Each randomised controlled trial (RCT) included in the selected systematic reviews was critically evaluated and included only if met the PROSPECT requirements. Included studies were evaluated for clinically relevant differences in pain scores, use of nonopioid analgesics, such as paracetamol and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and current clinical relevance.

RESULTS
A total of 151 systematic reviews were analysed, 106 RCTs met PROSPECT criteria. Paracetamol and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory or cyclo-oxygenase-2-specific inhibitors are recommended. This should be combined with a single shot adductor canal block and peri-articular local infiltration analgesia together with a single intra-operative dose of intravenous dexamethasone. Intrathecal morphine (100 μg) may be considered in hospitalised patients only in rare situations when both adductor canal block and local infiltration analgesia are not possible. Opioids should be reserved as rescue analgesics in the postoperative period. Analgesic interventions that could not be recommended were also identified.

CONCLUSION
The present review identified an optimal analgesic regimen for unilateral primary TKA. Future studies to evaluate enhanced recovery programs and specific challenging patient groups are needed.
Glucocorticoids Promote Na+ Excretion in the Renal Epithelia of Heart Failure Rats by Suppressing Transporter Proteins Involved in Acute Sodium Loading
Authors: Li Shuyu , Huang Yaomeng , Li Tongxin , Zhu Xiaoran , Li Weimin , Liu Kunshen , Liu Chao 
Published: July 2022

Abstract:
Glucocorticoid receptors are essential for normal development and stress responses. Their role in H2O and Na+ metabolism, especially in chronic heart failure (CHF), is not well defined. In a previous study, we found that glucocorticoids potentiate urination in CHF and promote H2O excretion by inhibiting the vasopressin receptor 2 pathway. The present study examines the effect of glucocorticoids on renal Na+ excretion and the underlying mechanisms in CHF rats with acute sodium loading. CHF was induced by left coronary artery ligation for 8 weeks. Rats were randomly assigned to 5 groups: control, CHF, dexamethasone (DEX)-administered CHF, DEX-administered CHF treated with RU486 (mifepristone, a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist), and RU486-treated CHF. An acute sodium loading test was performed 6 hours after DEX administration. Blood and urine samples were collected, and hemodynamics were measured. The expression and localization of Na+ transporter proteins were determined by immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry. DEX increased the urine volume and urinary sodium and improved cardiac function and the estimated glomerular filtration rate in CHF rats. The upregulation of the epithelial sodium channel β and γ subunits, Na-K-2Cl cotransporter, serum glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 (SGK1), and Na+/K+-ATPase in the renal epithelium of CHF rats was downregulated by DEX. These beneficial effects were abolished by RU486. The expression of natriuretic peptide receptor A was opposite that of the above proteins. Glucocorticoids might induce profound natriuresis in CHF rats during acute sodium loading, which is associated with downregulating some Na+ transporter proteins in the renal epithelium and improving intrarenal hemodynamics.
Revisiting diuretic choice in chronic kidney disease
Authors: Ali Sehrish , Navaneethan Sankar D. , Virani Salim S. , Gregg L. Parker 
Published: July 2022

Purpose of review
Existing guidelines offer little direction about the use of thiazide and loop diuretics in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This review summarizes recent studies impacting indications and safety considerations for these agents in patients with CKD.

Recent findings
Chlorthalidone reduces blood pressure compared to placebo in patients with advanced CKD, challenging the belief that thiazide diuretics lose efficacy at lower glomerular filtration rates (GFR). Existing studies show no clear impact of thiazide or loop diuretic use on kidney or cardiovascular outcomes in patients with CKD. Sodium-glucose co-transporter type 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have diuretic effects, but concomitant use of a diuretic does not diminish the preventive benefits of these agents against acute kidney injury (AKI). Despite theoretical concerns, thiazide diuretics likely do not worsen circulating vasopressin levels or cyst progression in polycystic kidney disease and may be useful for alleviating polyuria from tolvaptan. Diuretics cause multiple adverse effects, including electrolyte abnormalities, hemodynamic-mediated decrease in estimated GFR, and AKI.

Summary
Recent evidence supports expanded indications for diuretics in patients with kidney disease, including chlorthalidone for hypertension in advanced CKD. Monitoring electrolytes and estimated GFR is critical to ensure patient safety when prescribing these agents for patients with CKD.
Treatment potential in APOL1-associated nephropathy
Authors: Friedman David J. , Ma Lijun , Freedman Barry I. 
Published: July 2022

Purpose of review
More than 5 million African–Americans, and millions more in Africa and worldwide, possess apolipoprotein L1 gene (APOL1) high-risk genotypes with an increased risk for chronic kidney disease. This manuscript reviews treatment approaches for slowing the progression of APOL1-associated nephropathy.

Recent findings
Since the 2010 discovery of APOL1 as a cause of nondiabetic nephropathy in individuals with sub-Saharan African ancestry, it has become apparent that aggressive hypertension control, renin-angiotensin system blockade, steroids and conventional immunosuppressive agents are suboptimal treatments. In contrast, APOL1-mediated collapsing glomerulopathy due to interferon treatment and HIV infection, respectively, often resolve with cessation of interferon or antiretroviral therapy. Targeted therapies, including APOL1 small molecule inhibitors, APOL1 antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) and inhibitors of APOL1-associated inflammatory pathways, hold promise for these diseases. Evolving therapies and the need for clinical trials support the importance of increased use of APOL1 genotyping and kidney biopsy.

Summary

APOL1-associated nephropathy includes a group of related phenotypes that are driven by the same two genetic variants in APOL1. Clinical trials of small molecule inhibitors, ASO, and inflammatory pathway inhibitors may improve outcomes in patients with primary forms of APOL1-associated nephropathy.
Sentences, Words, Attention: A “Transforming” Aphorism for the Discovery of pre-miRNA Regions across Plant Genomes
Authors: Gupta Sagar , Saini Vishal , Kumar Rajiv , Shankar Ravi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDiscovering pre-miRNAs is the core of miRNA discovery. Using traditional sequence/structural features many tools have been published to discover miRNAs. However, in practical applications like genomic annotations, their actual performance has been far away from acceptable. This becomes more grave in plants where unlike animals pre-miRNAs are much more complex and difficult to identify. This is reflected by the huge gap between the available software for miRNA discovery and species specific miRNAs information for animals and plants. Here, we present miWords, an attention based genomic language processing transformer and context scoring deep-learning approach, with an optional sRNA-seq guided CNN module to accurately identify pre-miRNA regions in plant genomes. During a comprehensive bench-marking the transformer part of miWords alone significantly outperformed the compared published tools with consistent performance while breaching accuracy of 98% across a large number of experimentally validated data. Performance of miWords was also evaluated across Arabidopsis genome where also miWords, even without using its sRNA-seq reads module, outperformed those software which essentially require sRNA-seq reads to identify miRNAs. miWords was run across the Tea genome, reporting 803 pre-miRNA regions, all validated by sRNA-seq reads from multiple samples, and 10 randomly selected cases re-validated by qRT-PCR.
Biphasic response of CD8 T cell to asparagine restriction maximizes its metabolic fitness and antitumoral functionality
Authors: Gnanaprakasam JN Rashida , Liu Lingling , Chen Xuyong , Kang Siwen , Wang Tingting , Cassel Teresa A. , Adams Christopher M. , Higashi Richard M , Scott David A. , Xin Gang , Yang Jun , Lane Andrew N. , Fan Teresa W.-M. , Zhang Ji , Wang Ruoning 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRobust and effective T cell immune surveillance and cancer immunotherapy require properly allocating metabolic resources to sustain energetically costly processes, including growth and cytokine production. Amino acids are major cellular constituents that serve as protein building blocks, energy sources, and signaling molecules. Although T cells can synthesize all nonessential amino acids, including asparagine (Asn), activated CD8 T cells still consume considerable quantities of exogenous Asn. Unexpectedly, Asn restriction on CD8 T cells induced a biphasic response, consisting of sequential actions with opposing effects at two conceptually separated phases after activation. Asn restriction suppressed activation and cell cycle entry in the early phase by depleting the intracellular Asn pool while rapidly engaging an ATF4/NRF2-dependent stress response, conferring robust proliferation and effector function of CD8 T cells in the late phase. Mechanistically, ATF4 and NRF2 activation rendered CD8 T cells to utilize de novo biosynthesis of Asn, consuming less glucose and glutamine but producing more intracellular nucleotides for proliferation. Moreover, NRF2 activation promoted the expression of inflammatory and effector genes to enhance effector functions in CD8 T cells. Accordingly, Asn restriction or overexpression of ATF4 or NRF2 potentiated T cell-mediated antitumoral response in the metabolically restricted tumor microenvironment. Our studies revealed Asn as a critical metabolic node in directing the stress signaling to shape T cell metabolic fitness and effector functions. Asn restriction is a promising and clinically relevant strategy to enhance cancer immunotherapy.
Colorimetry for evaluating the preservation efficiency of some triazole fungicides in archeological wooden artifacts
Authors: El-Gamal Rehab , El-Nagar Khaled , Tharwat Nagwa A. , Abdel-Maksoud Gomaa 
Published: July 2022

Purpose
This study aims to use whiteness (WI) and yellowness indices (YI) that were calculated from the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) color parameter to evaluate the efficiency of some triazole fungicides [propiconazole (C15H17Cl2N3O2) and tebuconazole (C16H22ClN3O)] to protect wooden artifacts from fungal deterioration.

Design/methodology/approach
Archeological wooden samples were collected from some historical Islamic buildings in Cairo, Egypt. Three species of fungi were identified in previous work. Propiconazole and tebuconazole with different concentrations treated the infected wooden samples aged for different periods. WI and YI of studied samples were measured using UV spectrophotometer. Calibration and uncertainty estimation accompanied by color measurement were studied.

Findings
Studying the uncertainty sources of diffuse reflection of the standard white tiles revealed that the uncertainty of calibration for both the spectrophotometer and white tiles had the highest contribution. The treated samples with tebuconazole and propiconazole fungicides gave good resistance against fungal deterioration at 0.50% for WI and YI.

Originality/value
This study presents the importance of colorimetry in the conservation field because they are considered one of the most important criteria to evaluate conservation materials. From color measurements and their uncertainties, it became clear that triazole fungicides have good efficiency in the protection of wooden artifacts from fungal deterioration. The value of this study is that propiconazole and tebuconazole fungicides at 0.50% can be applied to archaeological wood that is endangered to improper conditions, especially in the case of high levels of relative humidity.
Retailers’ perceptions of the effectiveness of CPTED-based techniques in reducing shoplifting: the case of Istanbul
Authors: Özaşçılar Mine 
Published: July 2022

Purpose
Shoplifting has become a widespread crime problem worldwide. The study aims to investigate retailers’ perceptions of the effectiveness of crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED)-based techniques to prevent shoplifting in Istanbul.

Design/methodology/approach
Data collection involved 370 face-to-face interviews with store managers at shopping malls in Istanbul by using a structured, self-explanatory questionnaire. The current study applies CPTED approach to measure the effectiveness of informal and formal surveillance techniques.

Findings
The results revealed that store managers perceived awareness of sales staff as the most effective CPTED-based approach to prevent shoplifting. The study identified six factors underlying perceived effectiveness of CPTED-based techniques: surveillance (informal surveillance), image/maintenance and surveillance (formal surveillance), territoriality, surveillance (formal surveillance), surveillance (mechanical surveillance) and target hardening.

Originality/value
No research to date has addressed the effectiveness of CPTED-based techniques in Turkey at shopping malls. Given the limited number of prior research, the results provide important insights regarding the perceived effectiveness of CPTED-based techniques.
Exploring the Impact of COVID‐19 on Employees’ Boundary Management and Work–Life Balance
Authors: Adisa Toyin Ajibade , Antonacopoulou Elena , Beauregard T. Alexandra , Dickmann Michael , Adekoya Olatunji David 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic altered the ways academics work and live by creating a context during the spring of 2020 when working from home was largely mandatory and where, for cohabiting workers, the home as workplace was simultaneously occupied by all household members during working hours (and beyond). Using a multi‐method qualitative approach, we examine how academics experienced working from home during the unprecedented circumstances imposed by the first UK lockdown and social distancing measures. Our findings show that a working arrangement commonly termed ‘flexible’ – working from home – can actually reduce flexibility in a context of mandatory implementation, accompanied by the removal of instrumental and emotional support structures such as childcare and face‐to‐face (physical) social gatherings. Intensified workloads, increased employer monitoring, social disconnection and blurred boundaries between work and personal life collectively generate the reduction of employees’ perceived flexibility‐ability. Experiences may be particularly negative for those with low flexibility‐willingness, whose pre‐pandemic preference was to separate work and home as much as possible. Employee efforts to assert agency in this context include establishing ‘micro‐borders’ and using time‐based strategies to create ‘controlled integration’. We discuss implications for border theory and outline directions for future research.
Rock supplementation as an ecological restoration strategy for temperate grassland reptiles
Authors: Palmer Alicia , Milner Richard N. C. , Howland Brett , Gibbons Philip , Kay Geoffrey M. , Sato Chloe F. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTemperate grassland ecosystems support highly diverse assemblages of plants and animals but have been predominantly cleared for urban infrastructure and modified for agriculture. Temperate grasslands that remain in south‐eastern Australia are often degraded. For example, surface rocks have been extensively removed, potentially affecting long‐term persistence of grassland reptiles that depend on this resource. Rock habitat restoration is a strategy that can promote the survival of grassland reptiles and restore degraded temperate grasslands. In this study, we examined the benefit of supplementing locally sourced rock to improve reptile outcomes in degraded grassland reserves in the ACT. We established a BACI design across five ACT grassland reserves with 10 plots where rocks were added and 10 equivalent control plots to assess (i) the effect of rock supplementation on reptile relative abundance and composition, and (ii) the characteristics of the sites and rocks that reptiles used. Surveys were conducted over the spring and summer period each year over 3 years (2015–2017). Early results (one‐year post‐study) indicate that reptiles used supplemented rock and that reptiles show a preference for large (7600–29 000 cm3), flat rocks. Reptiles also show a preference for sites with higher grass cover and native vegetation composition, highlighting the need to manage site‐scale conditions to maximize the success of rock supplementation. Our study concludes rock restoration will support the persistence of grassland reptile populations, particularly if coupled with site‐scale grassland management, and will likely be an important strategy to use under changing climate regimes.
Babel Fish Democracy? Prospects for Addressing Democratic Language Barriers through Machine Translation and Interpretation
Authors: Cabrera Luis 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis article works to show that machine translation and interpretation technologies can play significant roles in addressing language barriers in democratic polities, including beyond the state. Numerous shared‐language or interpretation models have been proposed to address such barriers, while possible machine models have largely been dismissed in the literature. Yet, online translation is now ubiquitous globally, and governments and international organizations increasingly use machine translation and some interpretation applications. Such technologies, it is shown, can greatly expand information uptake and participation by ordinary citizens in linguistically diverse polities. They also can avoid key fairness and cost concerns faced by other models, or help address them in hybrid configurations, especially in online settings. While speech‐to‐speech applications may never achieve the seamless vernacular “Babel fish” interpretations implied as necessary for some deliberative modes, machine models can be seen as valuable for addressing language barriers within a range of approaches to democracy.
Sodium butyrate ameliorates erectile dysfunction through fibrosis in a rat model of partial bladder outlet obstruction
Authors: Kaya‐Sezginer Ecem , Yilmaz‐Oral Didem , Kırlangıç Omer Faruk , Yilmaz Sercan , Özen Fatma Zeynep , Aşan Melih , Gur Serap 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn different animal models, a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, sodium butyrate (NaBu) reduced inflammation, oxidative stress and fibrosis which were involved in the pathogenesis of erectile dysfunction (ED), but whether NaBu could improve ED in an experimental animal model of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) was not known.ObjectiveTo investigate the preventive effect of NaBu on ED in a partial bladder outlet obstruction (PBOO) rat model.Materials and methodsPBOO was induced by partial urethral obstruction. NaBu (20 mg/kg/day) was administered orally to rats for 6 weeks after creation of PBOO. In vivo erectile responses, in vitro relaxation and contraction responses in cavernosal tissue were measured. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and Western blot were performed to determine the gene and protein expression. Inflammation, fibrosis, and localization of proteins were evaluated using histological techniques. HDAC activity and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α levels were measured in penile tissues.ResultsNaBu improved decreased intracavernosal pressure/mean arterial pressure, nitrergic and endothelium‐dependent relaxation responses, and contractile responses to phenylephrine and electrical field stimulation in the PBOO group without affecting increased bladder weight. Increased endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1, and nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) gene levels in PBOO group were ameliorated by NaBu treatment. The administration of NaBu to PBOO rats significantly increased neuronal NOS (nNOS) and decreased TGF‐β1 protein expression. The nuclear/cytosolic ratio of NF‐κB demonstrated a decrease in PBOO and all treatment groups compared to control. A significant increase in the nuclear‐to‐cytoplasmic ratio of nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) after PBOO was reduced by the treatment. Both eNOS and inducible NOS (iNOS) protein expression, together with TNF‐α levels did not differ in the penile tissue of all groups. In histological analysis, increased TGF‐β1 protein expression and fibrosis, as well as decreased nNOS protein in PBOO, were reversed by the treatment. NaBu did not normalize moderate inflammation in obstructed rats. An increase in the HDAC activity in PBOO was significantly suppressed by NaBu.DiscussionInhibition of the HDAC activity by NaBu in penile tissue could ameliorate fibrosis‐associated changes induced by PBOO.ConclusionNaBu promotes recovery of erectile function, and also significantly prevents penile fibrosis and normalizes TGF‐β1 and nNOS protein expression in a rat model of PBOO. The HDAC pathway may present a promising target to prevent ED in patients with BPH.
The Impact and Spillover Effects of Chinese Ports on Urban Service Industry under De‐maritimization: A Perspective for Port Economic Geography Analysis
Authors: Li Jiewei , Zhu Ruihua 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWill ports become less important in a post‐industrial period dominated by service industries? This paper examines the impact and the spillover effects of ports on city economies. The results show that ports contribute to city economies primarily through producer and consumer services. To be specific, ports can drive the development of port‐related producer services, and port spillover effects from other cities have a broader impact on producer services; the port contributes to the development of wholesale and retail trades in the local city but the boost to consumer services comes mainly from spillover effects from other ports. This paper concludes that ports are still shaping economic geography by influencing the service sector, and inter‐city coordination mechanisms are suggested because of the spillover effects.