bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transition of Large‐Scale Environmental Conditions and Characteristics of Four Rainfall Types Observed by S‐PolKa During the MJO‐1 Active Phase of DYNAMO/CINDY/AMIE
Authors: Thayer Jeffrey D. , Hence Deanna A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAnalyses of National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) S‐PolKa dual‐polarization radar data and ERA5 reanalysis fields indicate gradual changes in convection characteristics and large‐scale environmental conditions during a central Indian Ocean Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) event observed by the DYNAMO/CINDY/AMIE field campaigns in late October 2011 (MJO‐1). Examination of four rainfall types (isolated convective cores, convective, mixed, and stratiform) reveals a transition of convection characteristics (i.e., areal coverage and depth) between distinct 5‐day environmental periods at the beginning and end of this ∼2‐week MJO active phase. A shift toward less frequent rainfall covering less of the radar domain for all four rainfall types occurs when large‐scale lower‐tropospheric dry air advects into the region with the westerly wind burst (WWB). Drier and warmer lower‐free‐tropospheric conditions associated with the WWB contribute to increased large‐scale surface‐based convective inhibition (CIN), surface‐based convective available potential energy (CAPE), and cloud base heights. A thermodynamic budget analysis indicates reduced surface heat fluxes contribute to the increased surface‐based CAPE. Greater CAPE at the end of MJO‐1 coincides with deeper 50‐dBZ convective echoes, while decreased 10‐dBZ depth for all rainfall types corresponds in time with WWB‐related dry‐air advection. Increased (decreased) reflectivity values in the lower‐level vertical reflectivity distribution of convective (stratiform) precipitation indicate increased (decreased) convective (stratiform) intensities when the WWB is present. The opposite depth changes for convective echoes and opposite shifts in convective and stratiform precipitation intensities underscore how the WWB can have differing impacts at different reflectivity thresholds and stages of the deep convection lifecycle.
On the Evolution of a Long‐Lived Mesoscale Convective Vortex that Acted as a Crucial Condition for the Extremely Strong Hourly Precipitation in Zhengzhou
Authors: Fu Shen‐Ming , Zhang Yuan‐Chun , Wang Hui‐Jie , Tang Huan , Li Wan‐Li , Sun Jian‐Hua 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFrom 17–22 July 2021, Henan Province experienced the most severe torrential rainfall event since 1975 with a maximum hourly precipitation of 201.9 mm appeared in Zhengzhou, which was the largest hourly rainfall thus far observed by meteorological observation stations over the Chinese Mainland. The appearance of a long‐lived (21‐hr) northwestward‐moving mesoscale convective vortex (MCV) and its interaction with its parent mesoscale convective system (MCS) was crucial to produce the extremely strong heavy rainfall in Zhengzhou. The backward trajectory analysis indicates that air particles in the lower troposphere beneath the MCS over Henan contributed mostly to the MCV's formation. These air particles experienced notable ascending motions and condensation with their strong cyclonic vorticity mostly produced 1‐hr before the MCV's formation. Vorticity budget denotes that strong upward transport of cyclonic vorticity and convergence‐related vertical stretching, both of which were mainly due to convection associated with the parent MCS, acted as dominant factors for the MCV's formation. After formation, the MCV first coupled with its parent MCS, during which its intensity, thickness, and precipitation were all maximized; then, it moved northwestward and decoupled from the MCS, during which it weakened rapidly and finally dissipated. Convection‐related upward cyclonic vorticity transport and inward horizontal advection of cyclonic vorticity associated with an inverted trough over the Henan Province dominated the vortex's development/maintenance in the coupling stage; whereas outward horizontal advection of cyclonic vorticity dominated the MCV's dissipation after it completely decoupled from its parent MCS. These differ notably from the findings documented in previous MCV‐related literature.
Density and Temperature of the Upper Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere of Mars Retrieved From the OI 557.7 nm Dayglow Measured by TGO/NOMAD
Authors: Aoki S. , Gkouvelis L. , Gérard J.‐C. , Soret L. , Hubert B. , Lopez‐Valverde M. A. , González‐Galindo F. , Sagawa H. , Thomas I. R. , Ristic B. , Willame Y. , Depiesse C. , Mason J. , Patel M. R. , Bellucci G. , Lopez‐Moreno J.‐J. , Daerden F. , Vandaele A. C. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere of Mars (70–150 km) is of high interest because it is a region affected by climatological/meteorological events in the lower atmosphere and external solar forcing. However, only a few measurements are available at this altitude range. OI 557.7 nm dayglow emission has been detected at these altitudes by the limb observations with Nadir and Occultation for Mars Discovery (NOMAD) aboard the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO). We develop an inversion method to retrieve density and temperature at these altitudes from the OI 557.7 nm dayglow limb profiles. We demonstrate that the atmospheric density around 90 and 140 km and temperature around 80 km during the daytime can be retrieved from the TGO/NOMAD limb measurements. The retrieved densities show a large seasonal variation both around 90 and 140 km and reach maximum values around perihelion period. This can be explained by temperature variation in the lower atmosphere driven by the dust content and Sun‐Mars distance. Temperature around 80 km is higher than predicted by general circulation models, which is tentatively consistent with the warm atmospheric layer recently discovered in nighttime. The temperature retrieval relies on the temperature dependence of the quenching coefficient of 1S oxygen by CO2. Further validation of this coefficient in the range of the Mars upper atmosphere is needed for the verification of the retrieved high temperature.
Elevated endogenous GDNF induces altered dopamine signalling in mice and correlates with clinical severity in schizophrenia
Authors: Mätlik Kärt , Garton Daniel R. , Montaño-Rodríguez Ana R. , Olfat Soophie , Eren Feride , Casserly Laoise , Damdimopoulos Anastasios , Panhelainen Anne , Porokuokka L. Lauriina , Kopra Jaakko J. , Turconi Giorgio , Schweizer Nadine , Bereczki Erika , Piehl Fredrik , Engberg Göran , Cervenka Simon , Piepponen T. Petteri , Zhang Fu-Ping , Sipilä Petra , Jakobsson Johan , Sellgren Carl M. , Erhardt Sophie , Andressoo Jaan-Olle 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPresynaptic increase in striatal dopamine is the primary dopaminergic abnormality in schizophrenia, but the underlying mechanisms are not understood. Here, we hypothesized that increased expression of endogenous GDNF could induce dopaminergic abnormalities that resemble those seen in schizophrenia. To test the impact of GDNF elevation, without inducing adverse effects caused by ectopic overexpression, we developed a novel in vivo approach to conditionally increase endogenous GDNF expression. We found that a 2–3-fold increase in endogenous GDNF in the brain was sufficient to induce molecular, cellular, and functional changes in dopamine signalling in the striatum and prefrontal cortex, including increased striatal presynaptic dopamine levels and reduction of dopamine in prefrontal cortex. Mechanistically, we identified adenosine A2a receptor (A2AR), a G-protein coupled receptor that modulates dopaminergic signalling, as a possible mediator of GDNF-driven dopaminergic abnormalities. We further showed that pharmacological inhibition of A2AR with istradefylline partially normalised striatal GDNF and striatal and cortical dopamine levels in mice. Lastly, we found that GDNF levels are increased in the cerebrospinal fluid of first episode psychosis patients, and in post-mortem striatum of schizophrenia patients. Our results reveal a possible contributor for increased striatal dopamine signalling in a subgroup of schizophrenia patients and suggest that GDNF—A2AR crosstalk may regulate dopamine function in a therapeutically targetable manner.
Maternal autoantibody profiles as biomarkers for ASD and ASD with co-occurring intellectual disability
Authors: Ramirez-Celis Alexandra , Croen Lisa A. , Yoshida Cathleen K. , Alexeeff Stacey E. , Schauer Joseph , Yolken Robert H. , Ashwood Paul , Van de Water Judy 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMaternal autoantibody-related ASD (MAR ASD) is a subtype of autism in which pathogenic maternal autoantibodies (IgG) cross the placenta, access the developing brain, and cause neurodevelopmental alterations and behaviors associated with autism in the exposed offspring. We previously reported maternal IgG response to eight proteins (CRMP1, CRMP2, GDA LDHA, LDHB, NSE, STIP1, and YBOX) and that reactivity to nine specific combinations of these proteins (MAR ASD patterns) was predictive of ASD risk. The aim of the current study was to validate the previously identified MAR ASD patterns (CRMP1 + GDA, CRMP1 + CRMP2, NSE + STIP1, CRMP2 + STIP1, LDHA + YBOX, LDHB + YBOX, GDA + YBOX, STIP1 + YBOX, and CRMP1 + STIP1) and their accuracy in predicting ASD risk in a prospective cohort employing maternal samples collected prior to parturition. We used prenatal plasma from mothers of autistic children with or without co-occurring intellectual disability (ASD = 540), intellectual disability without autism (ID = 184) and general population controls (GP = 420) collected by the Early Markers for Autism (EMA) study. We found reactivity to one or more of the nine previously identified MAR ASD patterns in 10% of the ASD group compared with 4% of the ID group and 1% of the GP controls (ASD vs GP: Odds Ratio (OR) = 7.81, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 3.32 to 22.43; ASD vs ID: OR = 2.77, 95% CI (1.19–7.47)) demonstrating that the MAR ASD patterns are strongly associated with the ASD group and could be used to assess ASD risk prior to symptom onset. The pattern most strongly associated with ASD was CRMP1 + CRMP2 and increased the odds for an ASD diagnosis 16-fold (3.32 to >999.99). In addition, we found that several of these specific MAR ASD patterns were strongly associated with ASD with intellectual disability (ASD + ID) and others associated with ASD without ID (ASD-no ID). Prenatal screening for these MAR patterns may lead to earlier identification of ASD and facilitate access to the appropriate early intervention services based on each child’s needs.
Androgen and oestrogen receptor co-expression determines the efficacy of hormone receptor-mediated radiosensitisation in breast cancer
Authors: Michmerhuizen Anna R. , Lerner Lynn M. , Ward Connor , Pesch Andrea M. , Zhang Amanda , Schwartz Rachel , Wilder-Romans Kari , Eisner Joel R. , Rae James M. , Pierce Lori J. , Speers Corey W. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Radiation therapy (RT) and hormone receptor (HR) inhibition are used for the treatment of HR-positive breast cancers; however, little is known about the interaction of the androgen receptor (AR) and estrogen receptor (ER) in response to RT in AR-positive, ER-positive (AR+/ER+) breast cancers. Here we assessed radiosensitisation of AR+/ER+ cell lines using pharmacologic or genetic inhibition/degradation of AR and/or ER.

Methods
Radiosensitisation was assessed with AR antagonists (enzalutamide, apalutamide, darolutamide, seviteronel, ARD-61), ER antagonists (tamoxifen, fulvestrant) or using knockout of AR.

Results
Treatment with AR antagonists or ER antagonists in combination with RT did not result in radiosensitisation changes (radiation enhancement ratios [rER]: 0.76–1.21). Fulvestrant treatment provided significant radiosensitisation of CAMA-1 and BT-474 cells (rER: 1.06–2.0) but not ZR-75-1 cells (rER: 0.9–1.11). Combining tamoxifen with enzalutamide did not alter radiosensitivity using a 1 h or 1-week pretreatment (rER: 0.95–1.14). Radiosensitivity was unchanged in AR knockout compared to Cas9 cells (rER: 1.07 ± 0.11), and no additional radiosensitisation was achieved with tamoxifen or fulvestrant compared to Cas9 cells (rER: 0.84–1.19).

Conclusion
While radiosensitising in AR + TNBC, AR inhibition does not modulate radiation sensitivity in AR+/ER+ breast cancer. The efficacy of ER antagonists in combination with RT may also be dependent on AR expression.
Multifunctional two-dimensional van der Waals Janus magnet Cr-based dichalcogenide halides
Authors: Hou Yusheng , Xue Feng , Qiu Liang , Wang Zhe , Wu Ruqian 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTwo-dimensional van der Waals Janus materials and their heterostructures offer fertile platforms for designing fascinating functionalities. Here, by means of systematic first-principles studies on van der Waals Janus monolayer Cr-based dichalcogenide halides CrYX (Y = S, Se, Te; X = Cl, Br, I), we find that CrSX (X = Cl, Br, I) are the very desirable high TC ferromagnetic semiconductors with an out-of-plane magnetization. Excitingly, by the benefit of the large magnetic moments on ligand S2− anions, the sought-after large-gap quantum anomalous Hall effect and sizable valley splitting can be achieved through the magnetic proximity effect in van der Waals heterostructures CrSBr/Bi2Se3/CrSBr and MoTe2/CrSBr, respectively. Additionally, we show that large Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interactions give rise to skyrmion states in CrTeX (X = Cl, Br, I) under external magnetic fields. Our work reveals that two-dimensional Janus magnet Cr-based dichalcogenide halides have appealing multifunctionalities in the applications of topological electronic and valleytronic devices.
Pan-cancer pervasive upregulation of 3′ UTR splicing drives tumourigenesis
Authors: Chan Jia Jia , Zhang Bin , Chew Xiao Hong , Salhi Adil , Kwok Zhi Hao , Lim Chun You , Desi Ng , Subramaniam Nagavidya , Siemens Angela , Kinanti Tyas , Ong Shane , Sanchez-Mejias Avencia , Ly Phuong Thao , An Omer , Sundar Raghav , Fan Xiaonan , Wang Shi , Siew Bei En , Lee Kuok Chung , Chong Choon Seng , Lieske Bettina , Cheong Wai-Kit , Goh Yufen , Fam Wee Nih , Ooi Melissa G. , Koh Bryan T. H. , Iyer Shridhar Ganpathi , Ling Wen Huan , Chen Jianbin , Yoong Boon-Koon , Chanwat Rawisak , Bonney Glenn Kunnath , Goh Brian K. P. , Zhai Weiwei , Fullwood Melissa J. , Wang Wilson , Tan Ker-Kan , Chng Wee Joo , Dan Yock Young , Pitt Jason J. , Roca Xavier , Guccione Ernesto , Vardy Leah A. , Chen Leilei , Gao Xin , Chow Pierce K. H. , Yang Henry , Tay Yvonne 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMost mammalian genes generate messenger RNAs with variable untranslated regions (UTRs) that are important post-transcriptional regulators. In cancer, shortening at 3′ UTR ends via alternative polyadenylation can activate oncogenes. However, internal 3′ UTR splicing remains poorly understood as splicing studies have traditionally focused on protein-coding alterations. Here we systematically map the pan-cancer landscape of 3′ UTR splicing and present this in SpUR (http://www.cbrc.kaust.edu.sa/spur/home/). 3′ UTR splicing is widespread, upregulated in cancers, correlated with poor prognosis and more prevalent in oncogenes. We show that antisense oligonucleotide-mediated inhibition of 3′ UTR splicing efficiently reduces oncogene expression and impedes tumour progression. Notably,CTNNB13′ UTR splicing is the most consistently dysregulated event across cancers. We validate its upregulation in hepatocellular carcinoma and colon adenocarcinoma, and show that the spliced 3′ UTR variant is the predominant contributor to its oncogenic functions. Overall, our study highlights the importance of 3′ UTR splicing in cancer and may launch new avenues for RNA-based anti-cancer therapeutics.
Stranded fossil-fuel assets translate to major losses for investors in advanced economies
Authors: Semieniuk Gregor , Holden Philip B. , Mercure Jean-Francois , Salas Pablo , Pollitt Hector , Jobson Katharine , Vercoulen Pim , Chewpreecha Unnada , Edwards Neil R. , Viñuales Jorge E. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe distribution of ownership of transition risk associated with stranded fossil-fuel assets remains poorly understood. We calculate that global stranded assets as present value of future lost profits in the upstream oil and gas sector exceed US$1 trillion under plausible changes in expectations about the effects of climate policy. We trace the equity risk ownership from 43,439 oil and gas production assets through a global equity network of 1.8 million companies to their ultimate owners. Most of the market risk falls on private investors, overwhelmingly in OECD countries, including substantial exposure through pension funds and financial markets. The ownership distribution reveals an international net transfer of more than 15% of global stranded asset risk to OECD-based investors. Rich country stakeholders therefore have a major stake in how the transition in oil and gas production is managed, as ongoing supporters of the fossil-fuel economy and potentially exposed owners of stranded assets.
Immune disease risk variants regulate gene expression dynamics during CD4+ T cell activation
Authors: Soskic Blagoje , Cano-Gamez Eddie , Smyth Deborah J. , Ambridge Kirsty , Ke Ziying , Matte Julie C. , Bossini-Castillo Lara , Kaplanis Joanna , Ramirez-Navarro Lucia , Lorenc Anna , Nakic Nikolina , Esparza-Gordillo Jorge , Rowan Wendy , Wille David , Tough David F. , Bronson Paola G. , Trynka Gosia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDuring activation, T cells undergo extensive gene expression changes that shape the properties of cells to exert their effector function. Understanding the regulation of this process could help explain how genetic variants predispose to immune diseases. Here, we mapped genetic effects on gene expression (expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs)) using single-cell transcriptomics. We profiled 655,349 CD4+ T cells, capturing transcriptional states of unstimulated cells and three time points of cell activation in 119 healthy individuals. This identified 38 cell clusters, including transient clusters that were only present at individual time points of activation. We found 6,407 genes whose expression was correlated with genetic variation, of which 2,265 (35%) were dynamically regulated during activation. Furthermore, 127 genes were regulated by variants associated with immune-mediated diseases, with significant enrichment for dynamic effects. Our results emphasize the importance of studying context-specific gene expression regulation and provide insights into the mechanisms underlying genetic susceptibility to immune-mediated diseases.
Astrocyte-targeted gene delivery of interleukin 2 specifically increases brain-resident regulatory T cell numbers and protects against pathological neuroinflammation
Authors: Yshii Lidia , Pasciuto Emanuela , Bielefeld Pascal , Mascali Loriana , Lemaitre Pierre , Marino Marika , Dooley James , Kouser Lubna , Verschoren Stijn , Lagou Vasiliki , Kemps Hannelore , Gervois Pascal , de Boer Antina , Burton Oliver T. , Wahis Jérôme , Verhaert Jens , Tareen Samar H. K. , Roca Carlos P. , Singh Kailash , Whyte Carly E. , Kerstens Axelle , Callaerts-Vegh Zsuzsanna , Poovathingal Suresh , Prezzemolo Teresa , Wierda Keimpe , Dashwood Amy , Xie Junhua , Van Wonterghem Elien , Creemers Eline , Aloulou Meryem , Gsell Willy , Abiega Oihane , Munck Sebastian , Vandenbroucke Roosmarijn E. , Bronckaers Annelies , Lemmens Robin , De Strooper Bart , Van Den Bosch Ludo , Himmelreich Uwe , Fitzsimons Carlos P. , Holt Matthew G. , Liston Adrian 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe ability of immune-modulating biologics to prevent and reverse pathology has transformed recent clinical practice. Full utility in the neuroinflammation space, however, requires identification of both effective targets for local immune modulation and a delivery system capable of crossing the blood–brain barrier. The recent identification and characterization of a small population of regulatory T (Treg) cells resident in the brain presents one such potential therapeutic target. Here, we identified brain interleukin 2 (IL-2) levels as a limiting factor for brain-resident Treg cells. We developed a gene-delivery approach for astrocytes, with a small-molecule on-switch to allow temporal control, and enhanced production in reactive astrocytes to spatially direct delivery to inflammatory sites. Mice with brain-specific IL-2 delivery were protected in traumatic brain injury, stroke and multiple sclerosis models, without impacting the peripheral immune system. These results validate brain-specific IL-2 gene delivery as effective protection against neuroinflammation, and provide a versatile platform for delivery of diverse biologics to neuroinflammatory patients.
CYCLANDS: Cycling geo-located accidents, their details and severities
Authors: Costa Miguel , Marques Manuel , Roque Carlos , Moura Filipe 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSeveral cities and national authorities across the globe publish records on road accidents and crashes. This data is vital for road safety analysis, enabling researchers to develop models to understand how different factors impact the frequency and severity of accidents. However, researchers studying cycling safety face additional challenges as datasets containing solely cycling accidents are scarce, may contain errors, among others. Thus, we publish CYCLANDS: CYCling geo-Located AccideNts, their Details and Severities. CYCLANDS is a curated collection of 30 datasets on cycling crashes to lower the barrier in objective cycling research comprising nearly 1.6 M cycling accidents. All observations include the severity and location of the accident. This collection fosters the worldwide study of cycling safety by providing a testbed for researchers to develop tools and models for cycling safety analysis, ultimately improving the safety of those who cycle.
Plant phenotype relationship corpus for biomedical relationships between plants and phenotypes
Authors: Cho Hyejin , Kim Baeksoo , Choi Wonjun , Lee Doheon , Lee Hyunju 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMedicinal plants have demonstrated therapeutic potential for applicability for a wide range of observable characteristics in the human body, known as “phenotype,” and have been considered favorably in clinical treatment. With an ever increasing interest in plants, many researchers have attempted to extract meaningful information by identifying relationships between plants and phenotypes from the existing literature. Although natural language processing (NLP) aims to extract useful information from unstructured textual data, there is no appropriate corpus available to train and evaluate the NLP model for plants and phenotypes. Therefore, in the present study, we have presented the plant-phenotype relationship (PPR) corpus, a high-quality resource that supports the development of various NLP fields; it includes information derived from 600 PubMed abstracts corresponding to 5,668 plant and 11,282 phenotype entities, and demonstrates a total of 9,709 relationships. We have also described benchmark results through named entity recognition and relation extraction systems to verify the quality of our data and to show the significant performance of NLP tasks in the PPR test set.