bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A participatory action research study to inform combined type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease care provided in the context of advanced practice nursing
Authors: Blanchfield Denise , O'Connor Laserina 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimTo outline the development, implementation and evaluation of an alternative combined type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD) care delivery strategy provided in the context of advanced practice nursing informed by co‐created knowledge, between patients and healthcare teams to address identified gaps in care provision.DesignThis study was informed by the theoretical underpinnings of critical theory and operationalized using a participatory action research (PAR) design. This approach enabled alignment between the theoretical underpinnings and research methodology to respond to practice‐level problems and address issues related to healthcare delivery.MethodsThe study was undertaken in a series of three cycles of enquiry over a 20 month period (July 2018–February 2020) in five geographically diverse specialist diabetes and nephrology centres. Data collection methods included PAR group minute consensus, retrospective chart review, discovery and focus group interviews. Thematic analysis and descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data.ResultsCompared with international standard care outcomes, a higher proportion of patients attending combined care achieved best practice recommendations for blood pressure, Hba1c and lipid management (64.3% vs. <40%). Patients attending combined care experienced improved detection and management of CKD‐related anaemia. Additionally, the combined care service experienced significantly lower levels of patient's failure to attend scheduled reviews compared with participating standard care services (0% vs. 7%–23.3%).ConclusionsBest practice clinical care outcomes and patient attendance improved when a combined type 2 diabetes and CKD care delivery strategy provided in the context of advanced practice nursing was adopted.ImpactThis alternative care strategy represented a departure from standard care delivery approaches, in which care for type 2 diabetes and CKD is provided separately and led by physicians. Outcomes demonstrate improved clinical and attendance outcomes which may inform the development of future services led by advanced nurse practitioners.
Is the Australian nursing workforce ready to embrace prescribing under supervision? A cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Fox Amanda , Crawford‐Williams Fiona , Ria Joseph , Lynda Cardiff , Debra Thoms , Patsy Yates , Lisa Nissen , Chan Raymond Javan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimThe aim was to explore nurses' preparedness to expand their practice to prescribe medicines under a supervision model.DesignThis was a cross‐sectional study.MethodsA convenience sample of Australian nurses recruited from memberships of State‐based Nursing and Midwifery Unions and professional bodies from diverse care settings. Nurses undertook an online researcher‐constructed survey between March and July 2021 to identify current prescribing practices, motivations for undertaking education in prescribing and perceived barriers to implementation of nurse prescribing under supervision. Data related to demographics, nursing experience and barriers to becoming a prescriber were analysed descriptively. Logistic regression was used to model nursing experience variables with desire to become a prescriber.ResultsA total of 4424 nurses participated with the majority (n = 3645, 82%) reporting they were highly likely to expand their practice to prescribe medicines under supervision. The main motivations to prescribe were to enhance patient care and job satisfaction. Nurses were more likely to want to prescribe if they had <10 years experience (95% CI = 0.3–0.5, p < 0.001), held a bachelor's degree (95% CI = 1.3–2.2, p < 0.001) or higher qualification (95% CI = 1.8–2.9, p < 0.001). Most reported lack of acknowledgement of increased responsibility and workloads (n = 4098, 93%), and insufficient organizational support (n = 4197, 95%) may prevent uptake of nurse prescribing.ConclusionsMost Australian nurses demonstrated their preparedness to embrace the role of prescribing under supervision. The perceived barriers identified in this study can inform future implementation of this expanded nursing role.ImpactThe Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia has proposed a standard of practice to enable nurses to prescribe under supervision. Models of nurse prescribing are being considered globally to address population needs. Successful adoption of this practice is dependent on aspects such as key personnel's acceptance of the initiative. The workforce readiness and barriers highlighted in this study can inform implementation at policy and organizational levels.
Ethical conflicts among physicians and nurses during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A qualitative study
Authors: Muñoz‐Quiles José M. , Ruiz‐Fernández María D. , Hernández‐Padilla José M. , Granero‐Molina José , Fernández‐Sola Cayetano , Ortega‐Galán Ángela M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRationale, Aims and ObjectivesThe healthcare system and professionals working in the sector have experienced a high caseload during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. This has increased the potential for morally harmful events that violate professionals' moral codes and values. The aim of this study was to understand and explore experiences of new moral challenges emerging among physicians and nurses caring for individuals during the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodThe consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ) checklist was used in this qualitative study based on Gadamer's phenomenology. Participants were selected using a convenience sampling method. Thirteen medicine and nursing graduates were interviewed in depth. The participants all worked on the frontline at the start of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Data were gathered in two basic healthcare districts in Spain, encompassing both primary care and hospital care.ResultsFour main themes emerged from the data analysis: (1) Betrayal of moral and ethical values as a key source of suffering; (2) Ethical and moral sense of failure accompanying loss of meaning; (3) Lack of confidence in performance; (4) Self‐demand and self‐punishment as personal condemnation among healthcare workers.ConclusionsHealth institutions must implement interventions for health professionals to help mitigate the consequences of experiencing complex ethical scenarios during the pandemic. In addition, they should promote training in moral and ethical deliberation and prepare them to make decisions of great ethical significance.
Postnatal persistence of nonhuman primate sex‐dependent renal structural and molecular changes programmed by intrauterine growth restriction
Authors: Bishop Andrew C. , Spradling‐Reeves Kimberly D. , Shade Robert E. , Lange Kenneth J. , Birnbaum Shifra , Favela Kristin , Dick Edward J. , Nijland Mark J. , Li Cun , Nathanielsz Peter W. , Cox Laura A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundPoor nutrition during fetal development programs postnatal kidney function. Understanding postnatal consequences in nonhuman primates (NHP) is important for translation to our understanding the impact on human kidney function and disease risk. We hypothesized that intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) in NHP persists postnatally, with potential molecular mechanisms revealed by Western‐type diet challenge.MethodsIUGR juvenile baboons were fed a 7‐week Western diet, with kidney biopsies, blood, and urine collected before and after challenge. Transcriptomics and metabolomics were used to analyze biosamples.ResultsPre‐challenge IUGR kidney transcriptome and urine metabolome differed from controls. Post‐challenge, sex and diet‐specific responses in urine metabolite and renal signaling pathways were observed. Dysregulated mTOR signaling persisted postnatally in female pre‐challenge. Post‐challenge IUGR male response showed uncoordinated signaling suggesting proximal tubule injury.ConclusionFetal undernutrition impacts juvenile offspring kidneys at the molecular level suggesting early‐onset blood pressure dysregulation.
Serum differentially expressed angiogenic cytokines in head and neck vascular malformations
Authors: Zhang Liming , Shen Yuchen , Wang Zhenfeng , Li Xiao , Xia Weiya , Su Lixin , Fan Xindong , Wang Deming 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundsHead and neck vascular malformation (HNVM) is a highly complex congenital condition that is difficult to diagnose, monitor and treat. Therefore, it is critical to explore serum cytokines that may be related to its pathology and prognosis.MethodsAn antibody‐based microarray was used to examine the expression of 31 angiogenic cytokines in 11 HNVM patients relative to 11 healthy subjects. ELISA was used to verify the results. We performed Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses of the differentially expressed cytokines (DECs). Additionally, we explored the function of DECs in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro via CCK‐8, wound healing, transwell and tube formation assays.ResultsExpression of interleukin (IL)‐10, matrix metallopeptidase‐9 (MMP‐9) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGF‐R2) in HNVM patients was significantly higher, whereas levels of IL‐12p40 and angiostatin were significantly lower in HNVM patients relative to healthy controls (p < 0.05). However, ELISA only verified that IL‐10, MMP‐9, VEGF‐R2 and IL‐12p40 had significant expression changes. Functional enrichment analysis revealed DECs mainly participated in the RAS signalling pathway. Functional studies demonstrated that IL‐10, MMP‐9 and VEGF‐R2 promote cell proliferation, migration, invasion and tube formation, while IL‐12p40 inhibited these processes in HUVECs.ConclusionsThe present study not only indicates that IL‐10, MMP‐9, VEGF‐R2 and IL‐12p40 may participate in the development of HNVMs but also provides a theoretical basis for the discovery of new targeted molecules in the treatment of HNVMs.
Spanish mental health nurses' experiences of mechanical restraint: A qualitative descriptive study
Authors: Pérez‐Toribio Alonso , Moreno‐Poyato Antonio R. , Roldán‐Merino Juan F. , Nash Michael 
Published: July 2022

Accessible SummaryWhat is known on the subject?

Mechanical restraint is a common practice in mental healthcare settings in Spain, despite controversy.

Mechanical restraint is perceived as a negative experience for nurses and service users.

Mechanical restraint damages the nurse–patient therapeutic relationship, which is essential in providing quality care and promoting recovery.

What the paper adds to existing knowledge?

The negative experiences of service users and mental health nurses arising from use of mechanical restraint affects both parties involved and results in trauma.

Using mechanical restraint can provoke a moral injury in mental health nurses which can negatively impact on the establishment of trust within the therapeutic nurse–patient relationship.

What are the implications for practice?

Nurses must be aware of the negative effects that mechanical restraint use has on both their practice and their day‐to‐day lives.

Post‐mechanical restraint debriefing is required to repair the damage to the trust aspect of the nurse–patient relationship.

Involving service users in co‐producing a debriefing framework may be a way to rebuild trust through constructive dialogue.

AbstractIntroductionMechanical restraint is an intervention that causes harm to service users and nurses, yet continues to be used in many countries, including Spain. However, there is a lack of research exploring Spanish mental health nurses' experiences of using mechanical restraint.AimTo describe the experiences of mental health nurses who have used mechanical restraint in practice.MethodsA qualitative descriptive methodology was used and a purposive sample of 10 Spanish mental health nurses were interviewed about their experiences of using mechanical restraint. Thematic analysis was then employed to analyse interview data.ResultsParticipants' experiences of using mechanical restraint were mostly negative. Three main themes arose from the analysis of interview transcripts, (i) symmetrical trauma, (ii) moral injury and (iii) broken trust.DiscussionThe use of restrictive practices, which can be perceived as counter‐therapeutic, exposes nurses to risks such as moral injury and service users to broken trust in the therapeutic nurse patient relationship. Avoiding empathy in order to use mechanical restraint is counterproductive, in the understanding that empathy is key to reducing this intervention.Implications for practiceReducing or eliminating use of mechanical restraints should be a policy and practice priority due to the symmetrical harms it causes both nurses and service users. The trust aspect of the therapeutic nurse–patient relationship is a significant casualty when mechanical restraint is used, therefore involving service users in co‐production of post‐mechanical restraint debriefing can be an avenue for restoring this trust through dialogue.
Dynamic aphasia with emerging agrammatism, anomia, and aberrant frontal behaviors in a case of atypical parkinsonism
Authors: Chandregowda Adithya , Duffy Joseph R. , Machulda Mary M. , Lowe Val J. , Whitwell Jennifer L. , Josephs Keith A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA 57‐year‐old man presented with dynamic aphasia with evolving agrammatism and anomia. Additionally, he exhibited emerging atypical parkinsonism and features of behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia. Insights pertinent to this complex clinical presentation are discussed.
Mesopelagic–epipelagic fish nexus in viability and feasibility of commercial‐scale mesopelagic fisheries
Authors: Kourantidou Melina , Jin Di 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWhile considerable scientific uncertainties persist for mesopelagic ecosystems, the fishing industry has developed a great interest in commercial exploitation with improved technologies as part of their search for new sources of feed for fishmeal and fish oil for aquaculture, which will intensify with the planet's growing population. The multiple uncertainties surrounding the ecosystem structure and particularly the size of biomass, hinder a good understanding of the risks associated with large‐scale exploitation, which is needed for a management framework for sustainable ocean uses. Despite concerns regarding irreversible losses triggered by commercial fishing, work exploring the vulnerability of mesopelagic fish to harvesting is largely missing. This study investigates the economic feasibility of mesopelagic fishing which is the primary driver for any possible future expansion. Using very limited information currently available, we conduct a high‐level assessment focusing on key ecological and economic interactions and develop an initial understanding of the economic feasibility of commercial harvesting for mesopelagic fish in the coming years. We conduct simulations using a classical bioeconomic model that captures two species groups, mesopelagic and epipelagic fish, using a wide range of price and cost parameters. We analyze different scenarios for the economic profitability of the fishery in a regional fishery management context. The results of our study highlight the importance of better understanding key biological and ecological mechanisms and parameters which can in turn help inform policies aimed at protecting the mesopelagic.
The effect of human versus automated interaction on willingness to participate in government programs: The role of representation
Authors: Miller Susan M. , Song Miyeon , Keiser Lael R. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIncreased reliance on automated systems in government raises important questions about the impact of these systems on program participation. We look at the relationship between an automated application process and program participation through a representation lens. From a representative bureaucracy perspective, we examine whether gender representation increases participation intentions compared with interacting with an automated system. We also consider a political dimension of representation, investigating whether interacting with an automated system increases participation intentions among those whose policy preferences do not align with program goals. While we do not see differences based on gender representation in our survey experiment, we do find evidence that an automated system leads to greater willingness to participate among those whose policy preferences do not align with the program. These results provide insight into when automated systems may influence participation, suggesting a potential positive role among those who are not politically favorable toward a program.
Sensible individuation
Authors: Sethi Umrao 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThere is a straightforward view of perception that has not received adequate consideration because it requires us to rethink basic assumptions about the objects of perception. In this paper, I develop a novel account of these objects—the sensible qualities—which makes room for the straightforward view. I defend two primary claims. First, I argue that qualities like color and shape are “ontologically flexible” kinds. That is, their real definitions allow for both physical objects and mental entities to be colored or shaped. Second, a single instance of these qualities can be attributed to more than one entity. Just as we attribute the same instance of a material property to a statue and to the clay that constitutes it, single instances of sensible qualities should be attributed both to the physical objects perceived and to the perceptual states that have those instances as their objects.
Age‐related changes in testicular morphometry and function in Egyptian donkeys
Authors: Masoud Shimaa R. , Kishta Afaf A. , Canisso Igor F. , Abdel‐Megeid Nazema S. , Fathalla Said I. , Shawky Sherif M. , Abdoon Ahmed Sabry S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to assess the effects of age on testicular morphometry and function in donkeys. Testes and epididymides of 57 donkeys were harvested immediately after slaughtering. The donkeys were grouped: young (1–4 years old, n = 13); adult (5–15 years old, n = 25) and aged (>15 years old, n = 19). Each testis and epididymis were weighed separately. Testicular volume was calculated. Epididymal sperm was harvested by retrograde flushing method, and sperm parameters were evaluated. The testicular parenchyma was immunolabelled for BAX and COX2. Adult and aged donkeys had greater testicular weight and volume than young (p < .05). Epididymal sperm concentration, motility and viability were greater (p < .05) in adults and aged (931.8 ± 39.3 and 858.2 ± 33.2 × 106/ml) than in young animals (316.3 ± 72.8 × 106/ml). Aged donkeys had a higher percentage of morphological sperm defects than the other categories (p < .05). Histological examination revealed the presence of age‐related degenerative changes in testicular tissue of donkeys. Aged donkeys had higher COX2 protein expression than adult and young donkeys. BAX protein was overly expressed in adults than aged or young animals. In conclusion, advancement of age affects the testicular morphometry and function in donkeys.
Quantitative microbiological risk assessment of nontyphoidal Salmonella in ground pork in households in Chengdu, China
Authors: Bai Li , Wang Jun , Sun Honghu , Wang Yeru , Wang Yibaina , Wang Qi , Liu Zhaoping 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFoodborne disease caused by nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) is one of the most important food safety issues worldwide. The objectives of this study were to carry out microbial monitoring on the prevalence of NTS in commercial ground pork, investigate consumption patterns, and conduct a quantitative microbiological risk assessment (QMRA) that considers cross‐contamination to determine the risk caused by consuming ground pork and ready‐to‐eat food contaminated during food handling in the kitchen in Chengdu, China. The food pathway of ground pork was simplified and assumed to be several units according to the actual situation and our survey data, which were collected from our research or references and substituted into the QMRA model for simulation. The results showed that the prevalence of NTS in ground pork purchased in Chengdu was 69.64% (95% confidence interval [CI], 60.2–78.0), with a mean contamination level of −0.164 log CFU/g. After general cooking, NTS in ground pork could be eliminated (contamination level of zero). The estimated probability of causing salmonellosis per day was 9.43E‐06 (95% CI: 8.82E‐06–1.00E‐05), while the estimated salmonellosis cases per million people per year were 3442 (95% CI: 3218–3666). According to the sensitivity analysis, the occurrence of cross‐contamination was the most important factor affecting the probability of salmonellosis. To reduce the risk of salmonellosis caused by NTS through ground pork consumption, reasonable hygiene prevention and control measures should be adopted during food preparation to reduce cross‐contamination. This study provides valuable information for household cooking and food safety management in China.
Inflationary effects of oil price and exchange rate shocks in South Africa: Evidence from time‐varying pass‐through coefficients
Authors: Akdeniz Coşkun , Çatık Abdurrahman Nazif , Ballı Esra 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper estimates the exchange rate and oil price pass‐through to South African domestic prices (ERPT and OPPT, respectively). This study adopts a novel approach to compute pass‐through coefficients along the pricing channel using the time‐varying responses of the time‐varying parameter (TVP)‐VAR model. Our findings show that both ERPT and OPPT are incomplete, despite varying responses to local and global economic events that cause fluctuations in the exchange rate and oil prices. The ERPT coefficients have peaked in 1998 and 2001, coinciding with the crisis that caused the excessive depreciation of the domestic currency. The OPPT coefficients, on the other hand, reach their maximum effect during the 2008 global financial crisis. Our findings do not reveal a significant decline in ERPT compared with the 1980s. In contrast to a significant first‐stage effect, the direct ERPT and OPPT coefficients are found to be insignificant. The findings also show that direct OPPT to consumer fuel prices is significantly higher than that of import prices.