bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in sizes of mesophyll cells underlies the adaptation of Betula platyphylla Sukacz. leaf to increased climate aridity
Authors: Migalina S. V. , Ivanov L. A. , Ivanova L. A. 
Published: August 2022

Climate changes in Central Asia attract increasing attention to studies in successions, ecosystem transformations and plant adaptation. Functional mechanisms of plant adaptation are related to the changes in leaf structure, first of all, the architecture of carbon-assimilating tissues. We studied leaf mesophyll structure of Betula platyphylla Sukacz. from geographical regions in the southern part of East Siberia and Mongolia with different climate aridity. Birch populations represented a latitudinal range from the middle taiga to the forest-steppe. According our results changes in mesophyll structure occurred along the aridity gradient, which manifested in a significant decrease (by 38-40 %) in cell sizes and an increase in surface area and volume ratio of mesophyll. Such rearrangement of mesophyll structure provides a higher rate of intraleaf diffusion of CO2 and the maintenance of high level of photosynthesis under water deficiency. We concluded that changes in the sizes of carbon-assimilating cells which underlies the restructuring of leaf three-dimensional organization provides regulation of gas exchange, and is a key mechanism for the adaptation of the photosynthetic function of Betula platyphylla to increased aridity of the climate.
Leaf epidermis of juvenile and immature individuals of Ferula tadshikorum Pimenov introduced in the Tashkent Botanical Garden
Authors: Khamraeva D. T. 
Published: August 2022

The leaf epidermis was studied in individuals of different ages (juvenile plants of 1st year, immature plants of 1st year and 2nd years of life) Ferula tadshikorum of the family Apiaceae, grown in the conditions of the Tashkent Botanical Garden. The leaves are amphistomatic in the studied individuals of different ages. Plants are characterized by the presence of three types of stomata: anomocytic, hemiparacytic and paracytic, which are simultaneously present on both leaf surfaces. The anomocytic type of stomata is the dominant type. Diagnostic signs of the studied individual’s leaves of different ages are the number of epidermal cells and stomata per unit area, the size of cells and stomata, as well as indicators of the stomatal index. Immature plants 2nd years of life have the highest indicator in terms of the number of stomata and epidermal cells per 1 mm2 on the adaxial side of the leaf. The outlines of the anticlinal walls of the epidermal cells of the leaf on both abaxial and adaxial surfaces in all individuals are rectilinearly rounded. The conducted research shows that despite the new growing conditions, ancestral mesophilic signs remain in plants at the initial stages of development (juvenile individuals), however, already in the second year of vegetation, the appearance of xeromorphic signs is observed in immature plants 2nd years.
Features of the floristic composition of communities with the participation of Malus sieversii on the territory of “Zhongar - Alatau” National Park
Authors: Vesselova P. V. , Shadmanova L. Sh. , Danilov M. P. , Kudabayeva G. M. , Sitpayeva G. T. 
Published: August 2022

Dzungarian Alatau mountain is a unique place of agrobiodiversity concentration. The apple forests consisted of the red book species Malus sieversii (Ledeb.) M. Roem. in combination with Abies sibirica Ledeb. and Populus tremula L. form a pronounced altitudinal-climatic band within 1200-1600 m in Dzungarian Alatau. In this article the features of the floristic composition of M. sieversii communities in four gorges of the Zhongar-Alatau National Park (Pikhto-voye, Mushabay, Kok-Zhota and Krutoye) were revealed. Plant species characteristic of the apple forest belt are shown. In the studied communities, there are 138 species of higher vascular plants from 110 genera, 42 families. The leading families in terms of the number of species are Asteraceae, Apiaceae, Rosaceae, Poaceae, Lamiaceae. Generic coefficient was revealed as 79.7 %. The ecological and geographical analysis of the noted species indicates that the floristic richness of the communities is mainly due to the natural conditions of growth, the leading of which are the height, exposure, moisture content of the substrate, and the closeness of the crowns of the tree canopy. In addition, the degree of anthropogenic impact on communities is of great importance.
Workplace Bullying in U.S. Higher Education: Results from a Statewide Survey
Authors: Lemon Kathy , Barnes Kendra , Soumyaja Devi 
Published: August 2022

The purpose of this study is to examine prevalence, characteristics and sociodemographic correlates of workplace bullying among tenure-track faculty at U.S. Higher Education Institutions. A sample of 930 faculty from 20 campuses in California completed an online survey that included the Negative Acts Questionnaire – revised. Findings indicated a high prevalence of self-labeled workplace bullying (43.6% now and then/rarely, and 8.4% daily/weekly). Bullying behaviors that ostracized and excluded the target were the most commonly reported types of abusive conduct. Work sabotage, high workloads, and spreading gossip were also reported at high rates. Female professors, people who were between the ages of 50-69, Native American/Other race/ethnicity, and those who were full professors with tenure had the highest prevalence rates. Being a target of workplace bullying tended to be a long-standing experience (44.4% had been experiencing the abuse for six or more years) and 49.7% of targets were bothered ‘a great deal’ by the bullying. Most respondents (82.8%) indicated that the Covid-19 shutdowns had no effect or decreased the bullying and 69.0% were not sure whether their campus had an anti-bullying policy. Implications for updated workplace policies that incorporate current research on abusive conduct are discussed, as well as the need for improvements in organizational cultures and leadership practices.
Umgang mit Heterogenität im (Fremdsprachen-)Unterricht – Rahmenbedingungen im polnischen Bildungssystem
Authors: Jaroszewska Anna 
Published: August 2022

The aim of the article is to discuss the main Polish educational legislation aimed at promoting diversity and individualization in the the process of schooling. The focus is on dealing with heterogeneity, which has become frequent in Polish schools and kindergartens. This includes various aspects concerning differentiation in children and young people, such as individual developmentental characteristics, gender, socio-cultural environment, special educational needs or giftedness. Heterogeneity requires individualization of the educational process, which also applies to the teaching of foreign languages. This poses a challenge for many teachers, including foreign language teachers. In many respects Polish legislation regulates how to deal with heterogeneity and individualization in the educational context.
Methodological proposal for constructing a classifier algorithm in clinical diagnostics of diseases using Bayesian methods
Authors: Tovar Cuevas José Rafael , Méndez Alzate Andrés Camilo , Caicedo Borrero Diana María , Díaz Mutis Juan David , Suárez Mensa Lizeth Fernanda , Osorio Amaya Lyda Elena 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objectives
To develop a methodological proposal to build clinical classifiers using information about signs and symptoms reported by the patient in initial the consultation and laboratory test results.

Methods
The proposed methodology considers procedures typical of the Bayesian paradigm of statistics as predictive probabilities and the sequential use of the Bayes formula. Additionally, some procedures belonging to classical statistics, such as Youden’s index and ROC curves, are applied. The method assumes two possible scenarios; when the patient only reports the signs and symptoms and the physician does not have access to information from laboratory tests. The other one is when the physician, besides the patient’s information, knows the blood test results. The method is illustrated using data from patients diagnosed with dengue.

Results
The performance of the proposed method depends of the set of signs and symptoms and the laboratory tests considered by the doctor as good indicators of presence of the sick in the individual.

Conclusions
The classifier can be used as a screening tool in scenarios where there is no extensive experience treating sick individuals, or economic and social conditions do not allow laboratory methods or gold standard procedures to complete the diagnosis.
A Conjecture Congenetic with Fermat’s Last Theorem
Authors: Duan Jun-Sheng , Wang Ji-Lian 
Published: August 2022

We propose the conjecture that for any positive integers r and n with n > 2, there do not exist 2r + 1 consecutive positive integers in natural order such that the sum of n-th powers of the first r + 1 integers equals the sum of n-th powers of the subsequent r integers, i.e., there are no positive integers r, m and n, where r < m and n > 2, satisfying (m – r)n + (m – r + 1)n + … + mn = (m + 1)n + (m + 2)n + … + (m + r)n. We prove that the conjecture is true for the cases n = 3 and n = 4. We also verified by using Mathematica that the conjecture is true for the cases 3 < n < 10 and m < 5000.
La praecisio mundi. La medición de la ciencia y el recorte de la universidad como proyecto cultural
Authors: Gómez Yuri Jack 
Published: August 2022

Este ensayo plantea una cuestión filosófica perseguida como investigación histórica que desemboca en una explicación sociológica en torno a la medición de la ciencia. Medir, etimológicamente relacionado con una praecisio (un recorte, una mutilación) adquiere su sentido más profundo en una era postontológica para describir las implicaciones culturales de un mundo privado de metafísica. Basado en un relato sucinto del surgimiento del pensamiento bibliométrico enmarcado por el debate historiográfico de principios del siglo XX entre historiadores seriales e historiadores del evento (histoire événementielle), este ensayo une tanto el significado postontológico como la evidencia histórica en un análisis sociológico de la ciencia y políticas tecnológicas en la Colombia del cambio de siglo que conlleva una transformaciónradical de la universidad como institución social, del estatus del conocimiento en la sociedad contemporánea y de la identidad de nosotros los académicos que habitamos ese espacio.
Plataforma autónoma inteligente para fútbol robot
Authors: Rodríguez Garavito Cesar Hernán , Delgado Rivera Jesús Alberto 
Published: August 2022

Este artículo presenta el diseño, la implementación y los resultados obtenidos, confrontados con simulación, de una plataforma hardware-software para fútbol robot en un entorno artificial que consta de un campo o arena de juego, un agente móvil controlado por la aplicación (AMC), un agente móvil controlado por usuario (MCU), una bola de golf, un sensor para capturar el estado del entorno y un controlador de trayectoria. El problema que enfrenta el agente AMC en su entorno es la búsqueda de una posición con línea de vista libre para golpear la bola hacia la portería del equipo contrario, mientras esquiva adversarios en su camino. El campo de juego es un área confinada de 1,5 m x 2 m, en la cual el agente móvil se desplaza según la cinemática de un robot diferencial a una velocidad máxima de 25,7cm/s, el móvil posee la capacidad de pateo de una bola de golf, la cual se puede impulsar a una velocidad máxima de 1,43 m/s. Por otro lado, se implementa y optimiza un sensor de posición. El proceso parte con la captura de imágenes de la arena de juego, continúa con la conversión al formato HSI y la aplicación de filtros digitales sobre las imágenes, y termina con el cálculo de las componentes cartesianas a partir de los patrones en color, que identifican a los móviles y bola de juego, la velocidad que alcanza el sensor es de 30 cuadros por segundo. Finalmente, se realiza el control de navegación inteligente a través de una estrategia híbrida, en la cual se combina linealmente el efecto de dos controladores basados en lógica difusa, uno para llevar el agente a la posición de tiro al arco y el otro para esquivar obstáculos mientras navega a la posición de tiro.
Post-harvest physiological study and evaluation of the quality of Cv. Horvin plums (prunus domestica l.) in three cold-storage conditions
Authors: Parra Coronado Alfonso , Hernández Hernández José Eugenio , Camacho-Tamayo Jesús Hernán 
Published: August 2022

The plum cv. Horvin is a highly perishable fruit; this hampers post-harvest handling and there is currently no cold storage chamber or suitable post-harvest handling infrastructure in Colombia. The present work was aimed at evaluating the quality of the plum cv. Horvin in three storage conditions. The plum cv. Horvin is a climacterical fruit, its respiratory rate being influenced by storage conditions showing a direct relationship with temperature. It was found that 4°C was the best storage temperature for maintaining cv. Horvin plum quality, having a 13.23% accumulated weight loss, greater than 20 N firmness and more than 11°Brix total soluble solids (SST) at the end of a 31-day storage period. Weight loss, respiratory rate, firmness, titratable acidity (AT) and SST/AT ratio were the parameters best representing cv. Horvin plum maturity during storage. Total soluble solids did not reveal high variability in the storage conditions analysed here; this parameter should not be taken as being a post-harvest maturity index.
Separating a water-propanol mixture using PDMS pervaporation membranes
Authors: Amrani Mahacine 
Published: August 2022

Recovering and purifying organic solvents during chemical and pharmaceutical synthesis has great economic and environmental importance. Water-alcohol mixture pervaporation was investigated using a pervaporation cell and hydrophobic membranes. This work studied polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane performance and hydrophobic membranes for removing propanol from aqueous mixtures. PDMS is recognised as being alcohol permselective during pervaporation. It was also observed that water was transferred through a hydrophobic membrane as water’s molecular size is smaller than that of propanol. A laboratory-scale pervaporation unit was used for studying this membrane’s separation characteristic in terms of pervaporation flux and selectivity for feeds containing up to water mass and 30°C-50°C. Total propanol/water flux was observed to vary as operating temperature increased. Although PDMS membranes presented good characteristics for separating water/propanol mixtures, the separation factor and pervaporation flow decreased as water content in the feed increased. The tested membrane was found to be very efficient for water concentrations of less than 0.3, corresponding to total flux transfer maximum.
Multiple robot systems’ communication using MAD-Smart methodology
Authors: Jiménez Builes Jovani Alberto , Ovalle Carranza Demetrio Arturo , Branch Bedoya John William 
Published: August 2022

This paper was aimed at exhibiting the real need for having good communication within multiple robots systems using MAD-Smart methodology. Such methodology consists of conceptualising, analysing and designing multiple robot teams by defining a set of activities. MAD-Smart assists developers in further understanding not only the problem to be solved but the final characteristics which a particular system must accomplish and the role played by each agent in resolving problems. This methodology has already been validated by implementing the SMART (robotic multi agent system) project, educational robotics: intelligent machines in education and sensory and perception models in robotic agents for material identification. MAD-Smart has been shown to be more relevant in handling agent roles than the agents themselves for a given communication model. This issue reflects this methodology’s degree of abstraction since a role defining as an abstract representation of high level behavioural allows generalising the best possible scenarios which can be found in a given multi-robot system.
Optimum control criteria for an electric driver for dynamic systems
Authors: Sandoval Ruiz Cecilia E. , Velazco S. Katerine C. , Díaz P. José Gregorio 
Published: August 2022

This work was aimed at optimizing control parameters for variable speed control and post-tensioning torque by controlling the current of DC motors forming part of a dynamic system (in a paper-making production line) by designing controllers based on absolute value and optimal symmetry criteria. A mathematical model representing an electric drive system for controlling DC motor speed and torque in a paper-rolling system was defined, a control algorithm adjusting the parameters was designed and an electric drive system simulated. The methodology consisted of a literature search and a field study for defining the model and establishing the parameters to be simulated, thereby presenting an analytical and descriptive project. The results led to observing the efficiency of the controllers so designed and the overall drive system for which speed and current (power) continue being the reference signal, leading to the conclusion that the criteria selected for control design were suitable and representing an input in developing applications for monitoring dynamic electric drive systems.
A study of coal-solid waste blend reactivity
Authors: Guerrero Nayibe , Guzmán Anyela , Montoya Diana Milena , Londoño Carlos , Chejne Janna Farid 
Published: August 2022

The Flynn-Wall-Ozawa method was used for analysing coal-solid waste blend reactivity in an oxidising atmosphere. The presence of biomass strongly affected coal combustion kinetics when the blend contained more than 30% of it. Activation energy values (evaluated by different blends) were 28.7495 kJ/mol for 0% biomass, 31.3915 kJ/mol for 30% biomass, 39.0365 kJ/mol for 50% biomass, 102.431 kJ/mol for 70% biomass and 107.8075 kJ/mol for 100% biomass; these values were close to those reported in the literature. First-order kinetics correlated the data very well for the 100% coal sample and the blend having 30% biomass and 70% coal. Eighth-order kinetics were more suitable for correlating the experimental data for the 70% biomass-30% coal blend and the 100% biomass sample. Combustion was done without previous pyrolysis of the blends; however segregation of phenomena could be appreciated. This seems to indicate that combustion and devolatilisation are independent processes which should be taken into account when building equipment using these kinds of blend.
Cement plant gaseous pollutant emission reduction technologies
Authors: Hoyos Barreto Andrés Emilio , Jiménez Correa Mónica María , Ortíz Muñoz Alejandro , Montes de Correa Consuelo 
Published: August 2022

A brief description of SOX, NOX and CO2 formation is presented, these being the main pollutants emitted in the
cement industry gas stream Several technologies for reducing NOX, SOX and CO2 emissions in long wet kilns are introduced: primary measures preventing contaminant formation and secondary/tube end emission reduction measures. Strategies for preventing CO2 (greenhouse effect gas) formation are also addressed, such as fuel and raw material substitution and CO2 capture technologies which are still being developed.
A tool for enabling multimodal access to WWW resources from several devices
Authors: Caicedo Castro Isaac Bernardo , Rueda Fajardo Francisco 
Published: August 2022

Most World Wide Web (WWW) resources are currently accessible from PCs and through HTTP; however, multimodal application research is being carried out and tools and proposals are being developed allowing access to WWW resources from several devices and mechanisms. The motivation for developing multimodal and multi-device applications has arisen from organisations’ need to avoid duplicating information and services available in applications and Web pages. This article describes the structure of a tool allowing multimodal and multi-device access to WWW resources through HTTP, SMS, WAP, MMS and S@T. This work’s main contribution lies in its proposing a possible and simple architecture for accomplishing this and validating it through implementing a prototype.
Generating the body of the methods from class diagram operation semantics
Authors: Zapata Jaramillo Carlos Mario , Muñetón Andrés Felipe 
Published: August 2022

Well-known CASE tools only generate the heading of the methods to automatically generate source code from UML diagrams. Some proposals partially generate the body of the methods; however, they use non-standard modeling elements or hand-made source code elements. This paper proposes a process for generating the body of the methods from class diagram operations in an attempt to overcome such constraints. “Semantics of class operations” was thus defined as a way of linking class diagram operations to development platform implemented methods. These kinds of semantics use pre- and post-conditions belonging to the operations and the development platform library meta-model. This process is also exemplified by giving a case study. An UML instance of the java.sql package meta-model was created for developing the case study.
Evaluating a k-nearest neighbours-based classifier for locating faulty areas in power systems
Authors: Mora Flórez Juan José , Morales España Gérman , Barrera Cárdenas Rene 
Published: August 2022

This paper reports a strategy for identifying and locating faults in a power distribution system. The strategy was based on the K nearest neighbours technique. This technique simply helps to estimate a distance from the features used for describing a particular fault being classified to the faults presented during the training stage. If new data is presented to the proposed fault locator, it is classified according to the nearest example recovered. A characterisation of the voltage and current measurements obtained at one single line end is also presented in this document for assigning the area in the case of a fault in a power system. The proposed strategy was tested in a real power distribution system, average 93% confidence indexes being obtained which gives a good indicator of the proposal’s high performance. The results showed how a fault could be located by using features obtained from voltage and current, improving utility response and thereby improving system continuity indexes in power distribution systems.
Pesticide sorption and desorption from soils having different land use
Authors: Madrigal Monárrez Ismael , Benoit Pierre , Barriuso Enrique , Réal Benoît , Dutertre Alain , Moquet Michel , Trejo Hernández Maria , Ortíz Hernández Laura 
Published: August 2022

This study was carried out within the framework of a multidisciplinary project for evaluating buffer zones for combating pesticide contamination of surface water. Such areas are effective in removing pesticides transported by run-off; however, little information is available about the fate of the pesticides so intercepted. Two herbicides having contrasting properties (isoproturon, moderately hydrophobic (log Kow = 2.5), diflufenican, strongly hydrophobic (log Kow = 4.9)) and isopropylaniline (an isoproturon metabolite) were used for characterising sorption and desorption from soil having three different land uses: grass buffer strip, woodland and cultivated plot. The experiments were carried out in controlled laboratory conditions using isoproturon labelled with 14C in the benzene ring. The results demonstrated that diflufenican and isopropilaniline retention was more significant than isoproturon in three soils. The three molecules’ Kd values revealed that isoproturon and diflufenicanil retention was more important in woodland soil where carbon content was more significant (ZB 0-2: Kd IPU = 15.1 Ls kg-1; Kd DFF = 169.2 Ls kg-1). Isopropilanilina Kd was higher in grass buffer strip soil (BE 0-2: Kd IPA = 53.1 L kg-1). These differences were related to different organic matter content and nature according to the type of land use.