bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frequency of Major Psychiatric Disorders in Patients with HIV in Health Care Centers of Rafsanjan and Kerman in 2012
Authors: Bidaki Reza , Bagheripoor Hossein , Khaje Karimaddini. Zahiraaddin , Purrashidi Boshrabadi. Ahmad , Sayyadi Anar Ahmad Reza , Hosseinpoor Sara , Salehi Shahrbabaki Mohammad Hossein , Shafee Mahdy , Sabouri Ghanad Masoud , Ryahi Ali 
Published: January 2022

Background: Psychiatric disorders are common in HIV-infected patients and for sure have direct impact on both prevention and management of diseases in these patients. In this research, the prevalence of major psychiatric disorders including mood, anxiety, and psychotic disorders in HIV-infected patients of Rafsanjan and Kerman health care centers were determined.
Materials and Methods: Eighty three HIV-infected patients were interviewed by a psychiatrist in above-mentioned health centers and their information was registered through a standard CIDI questionnaire (version 2.1) and was statistically analyzed.
Results: In this study, Out of 83 participants, 71 cases (85.5%) were males and 12 (14.5%) were females. Their age range was from 21 to 62 years old. Sixty-nine cases (83.1%) were diagnosed with at least one major psychiatric disorder and 14 cases (16.9%) with none. Among the HIV-infected patients, 54 cases (65.1%) suffered from a mood disorder, 21 (25.3%) had psychotic and 41 (49.4%) had anxiety disorders.
Conclusion: The current study showed that major psychiatric disorders were more common in HIV-infected patients in comparison to normal communities, so on-time diagnosis and therapy and proper management of these problems could be truly a promising step in global control of HIV in this part of Iran.
Correlation of Intelligence Quotient (IQ) of Children Younger than 12 Years Old with History of Preterm Birth
Authors: Ebrahimi Hossein , Qasemzadeh Mohammad Javad , Pirnia Seyed Ali , Mohebi Siamak , Ebrahimi Seyede Matin , Ebrahimi Hannan , Jangholi Ehsan , Gharehbeglou Mohammad 
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Intelligence is the ability of using the different powers and effective behaviors or adapting to new situations or diagnosing conditions and qualities of the environment. It seems that a considerable damage to the brain as a result of premature birth in the last weeks of pregnancy in the maturational - structuring process of the brain can be correlated with Intelligent Quotient (IQ). Due to the high incidence of preterm birth and its associated disorders and its impact on the society and according to a few studies in this field, this study was conducted with the aim of determining the association between IQ and preterm birth.
Materials and Methods: This cohort study was performed on 303 children of school age. All subjects randomly allocated to cohort groups (n=147) or controls (n=156) with or without any history of preterm birth, respectively. In this study, in addition to demographic characteristics such as age, sex, gestational age at the delivery and parentsâ€™ educational levels, the standard Raven test was used by trained interviewers to measure the IQ in children. Then data were analyzed by Statistical software SPSS version 16.0 by central statistical indicators of independent T tests and Chi-square test. Significant difference was set at P<0.05.
Results: The mean IQ of the children in the study, obtained the score of 99.75Â±9.26 regarding which the independent T-test results showed no significant difference between two groups. In this study, no significant relationship was found between age and gestational age and IQ (P=0.499 and P=0.255, respectively). But this study showed a significant positive correlation between IQ and weight and head circumference at birth (r=0.179, P=0.002 and r=0.299, P=<0.001, respectively).
Conclusion: Unlike results of a few previous studies on this issue, no significant differences were found between the two groups. It is recommended that future studies to be done on broader populations, and behavioral and psychological dimensions should be considered.
The Predictive Value of Endometrial Thickness in Endometrial Pathologies in Premenopausal Women with Abnormal Uterine Bleeding
Authors: Darabi Roksana , Mohit Mitra , Mohammadkhani Hengameh , Mohammadyari Fathemeh , Yadollah-Damavandi Soheila 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is one of the most common complains in women of any age seeking gynecologic health care and needs early diagnosis and proper management due to its impacts on the quality of life. This study was conducted to investigate the cut-off value of endometrial thickness (ET) by trans-vaginal ultra-sonography (TVUS) and evaluate its accuracy in the diagnosis of the endometrial abnormalities in premenopausal women with AUB.
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive Â study, 64 married women between 35-50 years old were evaluated due to AUB during 2011-2012; TVUS and fractional curettage were done. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy of the ET were calculated in different cut-off values.
Results: The pathological evaluations of the biopsies were normal in 37 (57.8%) patients and were abnormal in 27 (42.2%) patients, 19 endometrial polyps, 6 hyperplastic lesions and 2 endometrial cancers. ET=4 mm had 100% sensitivity, 100% NPV, 10% specificity and 28% PPV in the detection of endometrial abnormalities. ET<10 mm had a proper sensitivity (67%-100%) and NPV (78.6%-100%) but specificity was low (%10-%44). ET=10 mm with sensitivity=63%, specificity=60%, NPV=65.8% and PPV=48.2% was introduced as the cut-off point with the best area under curve (LR+=2.22 LR- =0.77).
Conclusion: Although an ET<10 mm was less likely to be associated with an endometrial abnormality, the low PPV of ET and low area under ROC curve shows sonography has high false positivity in premenopausal women. ETâ‰¤4 mm was more reliable and could reduce unnecessary biopsies.
Deep Vein Thrombosis, Demographic Characteristics and Risk Factors in Iran
Authors: Jafarian Kerman Scott Reza , Hajsadeghi Shokoufeh , Joodat Rashin , Hejratie Maral , Vaferi Helen , Farsi Negin , Masoumi Khatereh , Joorgholami Mehrdad 
Published: January 2022

Background: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) can be an ethnicity related disease and an important health issue for health-care systems. Thus, domestic recognition of risk factors and disease characteristics seem to be inevitable. This study was designed to evaluate the epidemiology, basic characteristics, and risk factors in patients with DVT.
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, all patients with primary or final diagnosis of DVT, confirmed by Doppler ultrasound in a 5-year period were included. Demographic data and prognosis were extracted from medical files. To evaluate the outcome of the patients after discharge, a phone-call follow-up was performed for all available patients.
Results: Three-hundred seventy-one DVT patients were included with 232/139 male to female ratio. The mean age was 55.72Â±20.01 years with significant difference between genders (p=0.006). Mean weight was 88.97Â±10.2 kg with no significant difference between genders (p=0.74). The most common affected veins were common femoral vein (257 cases, 69.2%), followed by Popliteal, iliac, axillary, and subclavian veins. No season preference was seen in DVT occurrence. One-year survival of the patients after discharge was 92.6% and two-year survival was 87.7%.
Conclusion: By knowing local information about this disease, health-care providers can give accurate warnings and suggestions to prevent the probable thrombosis chances. As Iran lacked information about DVT characteristics, this study can be an epidemiologic guide for health-care systems and an opening path for future studies.
Evaluation of the Defects of Removable Partial Denturesâ€™ (RPD) Frameworks Made in Prosthodontics Department Of Qazvin Dentistry School Regarding Retention, Stability, and Support
Authors: Haddad Mohammad Amin , Moosavi Sajad Mohammad Ebrahim , Aalai Shima 
Published: January 2022

Background:Â The metalÂ frameworkÂ of a removable partial denture includes various parts and metal components that supply strength, retention, stability,Â and support of partial denture.Â The purpose of this study is assessing the quality of the frameworks made inÂ theÂ department of prosthodontics, Qazvin school ofÂ dentistry, regardingÂ their causes of malfunction,Â retention, stability,Â and support.
MaterialsÂ and Methods:Â Evaluation formsÂ of removable partial denture metal frameworksÂ for upper and lower jaws were separately designed. According to the forms, 39 frameworks were fitted and assessedÂ on encoded casts and after that in oral cavity.
Results:Â 11 males and 28 females (44Â±4.8 yearsÂ old) were recruited in the study; 17 frameworks belonged toÂ maxillaÂ andÂ 22 to mandible. In maxillary frameworks, 10 cases (58.8%) hadÂ goodretention, 6 (35.3%) had lowÂ and 1 (5.9%)Â had high retention. Moreover,Â 15 cases (88.2%) and 11Â cases (71.64%) showed good supportÂ andÂ stability, respectively, in all 3Â hypothetical axes.Â Inmandibular frameworks,Â retentions in 14 cases (63.3%) wereÂ good, in 7 (8.31%) wereÂ low andÂ in1 (4.6%)Â was high.Â Furthermore,Â 16 cases (72.7%) and 12 cases (54.5%) showed good supportandÂ stability,Â respectively, in all hypothetical axes.
Conclusion:Â TheÂ retention, stability and support ofÂ metal frameworks were approximatelyacceptable and appropriate.Â Most of the malfunctions and structural problems seem to be due to lack of experience and expertise. However, further studiesÂ and more training coursesÂ are needed toÂ enhance the quality of these frameworks.
The Retention and Fracture Resistance of Two All-ceramic Post and Core Systems in Anterior Endodontically Treated Teeth
Authors: Shafiee Zeinab , Rahmani Naeeme , Safari Anahita , Khaledi Amir Alireza 
Published: January 2022

Background: In anterior endodontically treated teeth a better esthetic can be achieved by using all-ceramic post -core restorations instead of metal post systems. Maximum retention and fracture resistance of the post are the criteria upon which selection of a post system is based. The aim of this study was to evaluate the fracture resistance and retention of two all-ceramic post and core systems including IPS Empress 2 post-core system and IPS Empress 2 core connected to Zirconium Cosmopost, and comparing these features among the two groups
Material and methods:Â Eighty extracted maxillary central incisors and canines were divided into two groups of 40 including IPS Empress 2 and zirconium Cosmopost. To evaluate retention, shear force was applied to the cement at the crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min; force was applied until the post was detached from the canal.Â To measure the fracture resistance, the samples were loaded at 45-degrees to the horizon at the crosshead speed of 5 mm/min until fracture occurred.
Result: The mean fracture strength and standard deviation of zirconium Cosmopost and IPS Empress 2 were 302.10 N (69.922), 151.63 N (48.661), respectively. The difference between groups was significant statistically (P<0.001). The zirconium Cosmoposts had lower retention than IPS Empress2 dowel-core, but the difference between groups was insignificant (p =0.134).
Â Conclusion:Â Within the limitations of the study, it could be concluded that zirconium Cosmopost system may be a candidate for the restoration of anterior endodontically treated teeth, as the high fracture toughness and propitious esthetic feature.
Root Parallelism of Canine and Second Premolar in Preadjusted and Standard Edgewise Systems: A Comparative Study
Authors: Sardarian Ahmadreza , Oshagh Morteza , Momeni Danaei Shahla , Khaksar Yasamin , Alipour Abbas , Roeinpeykar Mehdi 
Published: January 2022

Background and Aims: One of the main goals of standard orthodontic treatment is having the roots of teeth adjacent to extraction sites parallel to each other. The purpose of this study was to compare standard edgewise and preadjusted straight wire (MBT) methods in achieving this goal.
Materials and Methods: For comparing root parallelism, 228 maxillary quadrants and 225 mandibular quadrants of 127 patients in whom 1st premolar had been extracted during orthodontic treatment plan were evaluated. On pre and post-treatment panoramic views long axis of canines and 2nd premolars of each quadrant were traced and the angulations between them were measured to assess root parallelism. For comparing mean value of angulations measured in post-treatmentviews between MBT and SEW method, independent T-test and for comparing root parallelism of canines and 2nd premolars Chi-square test was used.
Results: Evaluating root movement and root parallelism of maxillary and mandibular canines and 2nd premolars did not show any statistically significant difference between treatment groups. (P> 0.05)
Conclusion: There is no difference between 2 methods of MBT and standard edgewise in achieving favorable root parallelism of teeth adjacent to extraction site. If each of these methods is used properly good root parallelism can be achieved in most of the cases.
Illicit Drug Abuse in Drivers of Motor Vehicle Collisions
Authors: Roosta Sareh , Kalantari Meibodi Mohammad , Esfandyari Samira , Siyabi Vahid 
Published: January 2022

Background: Motor vehicle Traffic injuries are indeed one of the most important worldwide health problems. Opioids can induce a depressant effect on the central nervous system which may increase the risk of traffic accidents. This cross-sectional case-control study was conducted in Marvdasht, Iran to investigate the presence of drugs in hospitalized non-fatally injured drivers of motor vehicles.
Materials and Methods: The cases were 500 drivers of motor vehicle, injured in the road traffic accident and referred to the emergency ward. The controls were 500 patients hospitalized in the same emergency department due to non-traumatic reasons. They were asked about the abuse of any substance during the 72 hours before their referral to the hospital. Urinary samples of patients with negative history of drug consumption were analyzed.
Results: From the drivers, 237 (47.4%) of the case group and 278 (55.6%) of the control group had positive-substance consumption. Opium was the common drug abused in the two groups. An eight fold increased risk of road accident was observed for drivers who had used tramadol (OR= 8.2, 95% CI 4.9-13.7, p<0.001). Two or more illicit drugs (poly drug abuse) were detected in 24% of the cases and 31.8% of the controls (50.6% and 57.2% of drug abusers, respectively). Just for tramadol, the prevalence was higher in cases than controls. Conclusion: The results demonstrate the high proportion of illicit drug abuse among Iranian drivers. More health education and policies are necessary to steadily decrease drug abuse in our society.
Critical Illness â€“ Related Corticosteroid Insufficiency
Authors: Moravej Hossein , Karamifar Hamdollah , Karamizadeh Zohreh , Amirhakimi Gholamhossein 
Published: January 2022

In some acute critical illnesses, the function of Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal axis can be impaired. This event is called "Critical Illness-Related Corticosteroid Insufficiency" (CIRCI). We conducted a study to determine which of the CIRCI patients need steroid therapy. This study was performed on patients who were admitted in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) in Nemazee Hospital, affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
In first 24 hour of PICU admission, Serum cortisol levels were measured immediately before, 30 and 60 minutes after IV administration of 250 Î¼g of synthetic adrenocorticotropic hormone (SynacthenÂ®).Their clinical conditions and paraclinical data were followed and recorded. Twenty four patients were enrolled in the study. Twelve patients (50%) had CIRCI. CIRCI was defined as Random Serum Cortisol (RSC)<10 Î¼g/dl or elevation of serum cortisol level after Synacthen administration below 9 Âµg/dl.The results of serum cortisol level usually were ready one day after blood sampling. Based on general condition, blood pressure and serum electrolyte levels, all CIRCI patients were improved when serum cortisol levels were determined. Therefore, steroid therapy was not started for them. Finally, all of the CIRCI patients improved and after a few days, all of them were discharged from the hospital with good conditions. Findings of our study showed that corticosteroid therapy is not needed as a routine treatment for CIRCI patients. This is in agreement with some other studies. but in contrast to some articles who recommended corticosteroid therapy for patients with CIRCI. There is lack of consensus about optimal approach to CIRCI in children, therefor; well-designed RCTs and systematic reviews are needed to determine proper treatment recommendations for these critically ill children before administration.
The Effect of Atorvastatin on Acute Pancreatitis in Rat: Biochemical and Pathological study
Authors: Yadollah-Damavandi Soheila , Ghorbani Maedeh , Chavoshi-Nejad Mehdi , Parsa Tina , Ershadi Sara , Saadat Eskandari Abolfazl , Berimipour Ahmad , Baghery Bidhendy Mohammad 
Published: January 2022

AcuteÂ pancreatitis (AP) is a common clinicalÂ diseaseÂ caused mainly by gallstone impactingÂ the distal common bile-pancreatic duct and alcohol abuse, but other potential causes asÂ EndoscopicÂ retrograde cholangiopancreatographyÂ (ERCP),Â intra duct papillary mucinous tumor and hypercalcemia are claimed .Â The incidence of AP has been increasing in recent years . Accordingly, AP is a multifactorial disease associated with tissue edema, acinar necrosis, hemorrhage and the release of digestive enzymes to the pancreatic interstitium and to the systemic circulation with increased cytokine production and release, which can ultimately lead to deleterious local and systemic effects . Previous evidence suggests that the pathogenesis of both AP and chronic pancreatitis can be associated with oxidative stress, regardless of the etiology of pancreatitis and is considered as a major pathogenic factor in AP .Â In fact, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are the important mediators in the initiation and development of the disease which destroy the cellular membrane, releasing the digestive enzymes and cellular proteins into the pancreatic interstitium .
Correlation between Happiness and Depression According to Beck Depression and Oxford Happiness Inventory among University Students
Authors: Rezaee Mohsen , Hedayati Arvin , Naghizadeh Mohammad Mehdi , Farjam Mojtaba , Sabet Hamid Reza , Paknahad Majid 
Published: January 2022

Background: Happiness is a subjective emotional state associated with a wide number of personal and socio-economic factors evaluated with Oxford Happiness Inventory (OHI). Depression is a syndrome diagnosed by psychiatric criteria and measured by Beck depression questionnaire. The goal of this study was to evaluate the correlation between happiness and depression, measured by OHI and Beck questionnaire, respectively in a population of university students.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2014 at Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fars province, Iran. OHI, Beck questionnaire and demographic information sheet were filled by 216 students between 18 to 30 years old. Analyses were done to test the correlation between depression and happiness scores as well as happiness and several demographic factors. Results: Two hundred and sixteen students, 142(65.7%) females and 74 (34.3%) males with mean ages of 20.67Â±1.52 years old participated. There was a significant reverse correlation between happiness and depression scores (P<0.001) with correlation coefficient of -0.757. Coefficient for determination was 0.57 for this correlation. Significant negative relationship existed between happiness and addiction in the family (P=0.001). Positive correlation was found between happiness and marriage (P=0.036). Conclusion: This study reports when happiness score increases, the depression score decreases; however, the coefficient for determination of this correlation shows that only a little more than half of happiness changes are described and assessed with depression score. It seems that the two psychometric tools do not completely stand against each other. Hence, happiness cannot be translated to lack of happiness. For further evaluation of this relationship, case-control and cohort studies are needed in different populations. [GMJ.2016;5(2):75-81]
Pitfalls of Animal Study: Avicennaâ€™s View
Authors: Daneshfard Babak , Tafazoli Vahid , Nimrouzi Majid 
Published: January 2022

Dear Editor-in-Chief
Undoubtedly, animal models have an important role in the development of basic biomedical sciences [1]. In addition, preclinical animal studies have been used to determine the safety and efficacy of treatments before conducting human trials [2]. However, there is a growing uncertainty regarding the essentiality of animal studies in progress of medicine [3]. It has been frequently reported that the results of these studies are poorly replicated in human studies even in high-quality animal investigations [3, 4].
Regarding the lack of evidence showing the benefits of animal research, poor methodologies, publication bias due to unpublished negative results, and inadequate systematic reviews and meta-analyses of animal studies are the main concerns [5, 2]. Moreover, there are so many obvious and obscure discrepancies between human and animals in different aspects among which, the diversity in their metabolism seems to be the most important one.
Nowadays, personalized medicine as a newcomer in the field of modern medicine is focusing on individual differences in pathogenesis and treatment of the diseases [6]. Similarly, the concept of Mezaj (constitution) which is one of the fundamental theories of Traditional Persian Medicine (TPM), is attributed to the necessity of personalization in medicine. Mezaj which is the final average of four main qualities of hotness, coldness, wetness, and dryness helps physicians to assess deviations of body organs from their normal homeostasis and differences between individuals [7, 8].
In this regard Avicenna (980-1037 AD), one of the great scholars of the Islamic Golden Age [9], believes that the normal constitution range of humanâ€™s body is completely different from animalâ€™s. Accordingly, the effects of drugs on animals could not be extended to the humans. In the second book of his masterpiece, Canon of medicine, he asserted that one of the criteria of drug evaluation in experimental approach is that it should be tested on humans because of its different power and effect on various animal species in comparison to humans. He also gives some examples such as Chinese rhubarb (Rheum palmatum) which cause hotness in human and coldness in lion and horse, or rather some materials which are poisonous to humans in spite of their ineffectiveness in animals [10]. Â Â Â Â Â
It seems that current evidence besides our previous knowledge shows a necessity for revision in the application of animal studies in biomedical sciences.