bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geographic roots, anthropological routes: New avenues in geographies of religions
Authors: Richardson Matthew 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSince their advent, geographies of religions have emerged as a kaleidoscopic, vital, yet often misunderstood subset of social and cultural geography. In this article, I respond to Kong's call (2010) for geographers to turn to the often neglected functional, mythic, and symbolic dimensions of religion. First, I offer a brief disciplinary biography, outlining seminal currents of research over the past century. In doing so, I identify two scalar poles of analysis around which the emergent literature is oriented – the individual/affective and the collective/structural. At the interface of these poles is a rich, albeit under‐theorised, field of geographic analysis. To address this, I turn to Turner's theory on ritual performance as a way for geographers to better approach this interface and engage with the fundamentality of rituals in the (re)generation of religious worlds.
Changes in levels of omega‐O‐acylceramides and related processing enzymes of sun‐exposed and sun‐protected facial stratum corneum in differently pigmented ethnic groups
Authors: Rawlings Anthony V. , Schoop Rotraut , Klose Christian , Monneuse Jean‐Marc , Summers Beverley , Voegeli Rainer 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionWe report on the differences in ceramide composition and levels of omega‐O‐acylceramide processing enzymes of sun‐exposed and sun‐protected facialstratum corneum (SC) among Albino African, Black African and Caucasian women living in South Africa.MethodsTape strippings were taken from the sun‐exposed cheek and the sunprotected postauricular site (PA). In two subsets proteomic (n = 18) and lipidomic (n = 24) analysis were performed using mass‐spectrometry‐based shotgun platforms.ResultsNo significant differences in total ceramide levels or ceramide subtypes were found between the Black African and Caucasian women in either the cheek or PA samples. Compared to the other two groups the levels of total ceramide as well as selected omega‐O‐acylceramide species were increased in Albino Africans. On the cheek, ceramide (CER) EOS, EOH along with CER AS were increased relative to the Caucasian women, while CER EOP and EOdS were elevated relative to the Black African women. Moreover, on the PA site CER EOP and EOdS were elevated compared with the Black African women and CER EOdS in Caucasians. Decreasesin masslevels of 12R‐LOX and eLOX3 were observed on cheeks compared with the PA sites in all ethnic groups. On the PA sites 12R‐LOX was particularly lower in the Albino Africans compared with the Black African and Caucasian women. On the cheeks mass levels of SDR9C7 was also lower in the Albino Africans.ConclusionThe mass levels of the ceramides were similar between Black African and Caucasian women. However, elevated total ceramides and excessively elevated selected omega‐O‐acylceramides were apparent in the Albino African women. The findings in the Albino African women were unexpected as these participants suffer from impaired skin barrier function. However, the elevated levels omega‐O‐acylceramides can contribute to barrier insufficiency by directly impacting SC lipid phase behaviour and/or secondly elevated omegaO‐acylceramide levels may indicate a reduced attachment of ceramides to the corneocyte lipid envelope and reduced corneocyte maturation that can also impair the barrier. Indeed, differences in the mass levels of omega‐O‐acylceramide processing enzymes were observed for 12R‐LOX and SDR9C7 for the Albino Africans. This indicates a corneocyte lipid scaffold disorder in this population.
Effect of slurry and sol‐gel introduce SiCnws on ablation and bending behaviors of modified SiCf/HfC‐SiC composites
Authors: Hou Wanbo , Qi Wei , Yang Yongqiang , Feng Tao , Liang Mingyu , Tong Mingde , Li Hejun , Lin Hongjiao , Wen Shifeng 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe slurry and sol‐gel methods were used to introduce SiC nanowires (SiCnws) into the SiCf/HfC‐SiC composites. The microstructures, ablation, and bending behaviors of the SiCnws modified composites prepared by the two methods were compared. The bending strengths of the modified composites obtained by introducing SiCnws by the slurry and sol‐gel methods were 224 ± 19 and 154 ± 14 MPa, respectively. The results showed that SiC fibers with chemical corrosion and thermal damage during the sol‐gel process decreased the bending strength of the SiCnws‐modified SiCf/HfC‐SiC composites. Meanwhile, the pyrolytic carbon interface accompanying corrosion damage in the sol‐gel process led to the degradation of interface function, which hindered the interface debonding and fiber sliding of the composites during the bending test. After ablation, the bending strengths of the two composites were 188 ± 19 and 50 ± 7 MPa, respectively. The bending strength retention of the modified composites fabricated by the slurry method (83.9%) was higher than that (32.5%) of the composites fabricated by the sol‐gel method after ablation. As the composites fabricated by the slurry method exhibited a good ablation resistance under the oxyacetylene flame (∼2350°C).
HLA‐dependent variation in SARS‐CoV‐2 CD8 + T cell cross‐reactivity with human coronaviruses
Authors: Buckley Paul R. , Lee Chloe H. , Pereira Pinho Mariana , Ottakandathil Babu Rosana , Woo Jeongmin , Antanaviciute Agne , Simmons Alison , Ogg Graham , Koohy Hashem 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe conditions and extent of cross‐protective immunity between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) and common‐cold human coronaviruses (HCoVs) remain open despite several reports of pre‐existing T cell immunity to SARS‐CoV‐2 in individuals without prior exposure. Using a pool of functionally evaluated SARS‐CoV‐2 peptides, we report a map of 126 immunogenic peptides with high similarity to 285 MHC‐presented peptides from at least one HCoV. Employing this map of SARS‐CoV‐2‐non‐homologous and homologous immunogenic peptides, we observe several immunogenic peptides with high similarity to human proteins, some of which have been reported to have elevated expression in severe COVID‐19 patients. After combining our map with SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific TCR repertoire data from COVID‐19 patients and healthy controls, we show that public repertoires for the majority of convalescent patients are dominated by TCRs cognate to non‐homologous SARS‐CoV‐2 peptides. We find that for a subset of patients, >50% of their public SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific repertoires consist of TCRs cognate to homologous SARS‐CoV‐2‐HCoV peptides. Further analysis suggests that this skewed distribution of TCRs cognate to homologous or non‐homologous peptides in COVID‐19 patients is likely to be HLA‐dependent. Finally, we provide 10 SARS‐CoV‐2 peptides with known cognate TCRs that are conserved across multiple coronaviruses and are predicted to be recognized by a high proportion of the global population. These findings may have important implications for COVID‐19 heterogeneity, vaccine‐induced immune responses, and robustness of immunity to SARS‐CoV‐2 and its variants.
Contact damage tolerance of alumina‐based layered ceramics with tailored microstructures
Authors: Schlacher Josef , Jabr Abdullah , Hofer Anna‐Katharina , Bermejo Raul 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis work demonstrates how to enhance contact damage resistance of alumina‐based ceramics combining tailored microstructures in a multilayer architecture. The multilayer system designed with textured alumina layers under compressive residual stresses embedded between alumina–zirconia layers was investigated under Hertzian contact loading and compared to the corresponding monolithic reference materials. Critical forces for crack initiation under spherical contact were detected through an acoustic emission system. Damage was assessed by combining cross‐section polishing and ion‐slicing techniques. It was found that a textured microstructure can accommodate the damage below the surface by shear‐driven, quasi‐plastic deformation instead of the classical Hertzian cone cracking observed in equiaxed alumina. In the multilayer system, a combination of both mechanisms, namely Hertzian cone cracking on the top (equiaxed) surface layer and quasi‐plastic deformation within the embedded textured layer, was identified. Further propagation of cone cracks at higher loads was hindered and/or deflected owed to the combined action of the textured microstructure and compressive residual stresses. These findings demonstrate the potential of embedding textured layers as a strategy to enhance the contact damage tolerance in alumina ceramics.
The polygamous GnRH neuron: Astrocytic and tanycytic communication with a neuroendocrine neuronal population
Authors: Prevot Vincent , Sharif Ariane 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTo ensure the survival of the species, hypothalamic neuroendocrine circuits controlling fertility, which converge onto neurons producing gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH), must respond to fluctuating physiological conditions by undergoing rapid and reversible structural and functional changes. However, GnRH neurons do not act alone, but through reciprocal interactions with multiple hypothalamic cell populations, including several glial and endothelial cell types. For instance, it has long been known that in the hypothalamic median eminence, where GnRH axons terminate and release their neurohormone into the pituitary portal blood circulation, morphological plasticity displayed by distal processes of tanycytes modifies their relationship with adjacent neurons as well as the spatial properties of the neurohemal junction. These alterations not only regulate the capacity of GnRH neurons to release their neurohormone, but also the activation of discrete non‐neuronal pathways that mediate feedback by peripheral hormones onto the hypothalamus. Additionally, a recent breakthrough has demonstrated that GnRH neurons themselves orchestrate the establishment of their neuroendocrine circuitry during postnatal development by recruiting an entourage of newborn astrocytes that escort them into adulthood and, via signalling through gliotransmitters such as prostaglandin E2, modulate their activity and GnRH release. Intriguingly, several environmental and behavioural toxins perturb these neuron‐glia interactions and consequently, reproductive maturation and fertility. Deciphering the communication between GnRH neurons and other neural cell types constituting hypothalamic neuroendocrine circuits is thus critical both to understanding physiological processes such as puberty, oestrous cyclicity and aging, and to developing novel therapeutic strategies for dysfunctions of these processes, including the effects of endocrine disruptors.
Perceived impact of COVID‐19 pandemic on body dysmorphic disorder and anxiety among population seeking cosmetic procedures
Authors: Pourani Mohammad Reza , Ghalamkarpour Fariba 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionCOVID‐19‐related anxiety and preventative actions like the widespread shutdown of beauty‐related services emerged as a stressful condition for BDD patients seeking expert opinions.Material and methodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional investigation to assess anxiety symptoms (by CDAS) and BDD (via BDD‐YBOCS questionnaire) in patients referred to the esthetic clinic.ResultsA total of 120 individuals (106 females and 14 males; mean age: 45.53 ± 11.84) were evaluated. 13.3% of subjects were diagnosed with BDD; 79.2%, 17.5%, and 3.3% of them perceived none or mild, moderate, and severe symptoms of anxiety, respectively.ConclusionAnxiety was not connected with BDD in our investigation. Further evaluation of other psychiatric disorders associated with anxiety and BDD was recommended.
Orthographic Priming in Second‐Language Visual Word Recognition
Authors: Jiang Nan , Wu Xuesong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSeveral previous studies showed that prime‐target pairs with orthographical overlap but no semantic or morphological relationship (e.g., freeze‐free) produced a masked priming effect in second language (L2) speakers but not in first language (L1) speakers. The present study further explored this intriguing L1–L2 difference by comparing English native speakers and nonnative speakers in the masked priming paradigm in combination with a lexical decision task. The stimuli included prime‐target pairs with orthographical overlap at both the word‐initial and word‐final positions (e.g., rubber‐rub, stage‐age) but without any semantic or morphological relationship. The results replicated orthographic priming in L2 speakers for words with both overlap positions. Two accounts of this L1–L2 difference are discussed, one focusing on the representational aspect and the other on the processing characteristics of the L2 lexicon.
The Mechanism and Function of miRNA in Intervertebral Disc Degeneration
Authors: Wang Chenglong , Cui Liqiang , Gu Qinwen , Guo Sheng , Zhu Bin , Liu Xueli , Li Yujie , Liu Xinyue , Wang Dingxuan , Li Sen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) disease has been considered as the main cause of low back pain (LBP), which is a very common symptom and the leading cause of disability worldwide today. The pathological mechanism of IDD remains quite complicated, and genetic, developmental, biochemical, and biomechanical factors all contribute to the development of the disease. There exists no effective, non‐surgical treatment for IDD nowadays, which is largely related to the lack of knowledge of the specific mechanisms of IDD, and the lack of effective specific targets. Recently, non‐coding RNA, including miRNA, has been recognized as an important regulator of gene expression. Current studies on the effects of miRNA in IDD have confirmed that a variety of miRNAs play a crucial role in the process of IDD via nucleus pulposus cells (NPC) apoptosis, abnormal proliferation, inflammatory factors, the extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation, and annulus fibrosus (AF) degeneration. In the past 10 years, research on miRNA has been quite active in IDD. This review summarizes the current research progression of miRNA in the IDD and puts forward some prospects and challenges on non‐surgical treatment for IDD.
Understanding source monitoring subtypes and their relation to psychosis: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Damiani Stefano , Donadeo Alberto , Bassetti Nicola , Salazar‐de‐Pablo Gonzalo , Guiot Cecilia , Politi Pierluigi , Fusar‐Poli Paolo 
Published: February 2022

AimsSource monitoring (SM) is the metacognitive ability to determine the origin of one's experiences. SM is altered in primary psychiatric psychosis, although relationships between SM subtypes, other cognitive domains and symptoms are unclear. Our aims were to synthesize evidence comparing psychosis ‐with and without hallucinations‐ and healthy controls classifying SM subtypes by source discrimination (internal/external/reality monitoring) and stimulus modality (visual/auditory/imagined/performed).MethodsThis systematic review adopted Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses, Meta‐analyses Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology and Population, Intervention, Comparison and Outcomes guidelines. Core demographical and clinical parameters were extracted. Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale was used as quality check. SM differences between (i) psychosis patients versus healthy controls and (ii) patients with versus without hallucinations were investigated via random‐effect model meta‐analysis. The primary effect size measure was standardized mean difference (SMD) in each SM subtype performance (error or accuracy). Heterogeneity, publication biases and meta‐regressions were assessed.ResultsFive thousand two hundred and fifty‐six records were screened to finally include 44 studies (1566 patients, 1175 controls). Mean Newcastle‐Ottawa score was 7.41 out of 9. Few studies measured SM associations with cognition (n = 9) and symptoms (n = 19), with heterogeneous findings. SM performance across all measures was reduced in psychosis versus healthy controls (SMD = 0.458). Internal SM (SMD: errors = 0.513; accuracy = 0.733) and imagined stimuli (SMD: errors = 0.688; accuracy = 0.978) were specifically impaired. Patients with versus without hallucinations showed SM deficits only for externalizing (SMD = 0.410) and imagined/auditory (SMD = 0.498/0.277) errors.ConclusionThe proposed classifications highlight specific SM deficits for internal/imagined stimuli in psychosis, providing evidence‐based indications to design and interpret future studies.
Delayed diagnosis of Kawasaki disease in Malaysia: Who is at risk and what is the outcome
Authors: Mat Bah Mohd Nizam , Alias Emieliyuza Yusnita , Sapian Mohd Hanafi , Abdullah Nisah 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundData on the delayed diagnosis of (KD) is limited. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and trend of delayed diagnosis over time and identify the associated risk factors in Malaysia.MethodsThis retrospective, observational, population‐based study involved all children with KD registered in Johor Kawasaki Clinical Registry over 10 years (January 2010 and December 2019). The prevalence of delayed diagnosis and its trend over time was calculated. Multivariable binary logistic regression was used to identify the independent risk factors for delayed diagnosis.ResultsThere were 556 cases of KD, with 28% having incomplete criteria, 11% atypical presentation, while 10% developed a coronary aneurysm. The overall prevalence of delayed diagnosis was 9.9% (95% confidence interval (CI): 7.6–12.7%). There was a statistically significant decrease in delayed diagnosis over time (P = 0.008), with the latest rate of 4.6%. The majority of delayed diagnoses were due to failure to diagnose the disease during the initial consultation. Independent risk factors for delayed diagnosis were children older than 1 year, diagnosis before 2015, atypical presentation, and incomplete KD, with adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of 2.7, 2.3, 4.3, and 3.6, respectively. Compared to early diagnosis of KD, delayed diagnosis was significantly associated with coronary aneurysms (27.3% vs. 8.2%, P < 0.001, OR 4.2, [95% CI: 2.1–8.3]).ConclusionsOne‐tenth of cases of KD were diagnosed late, but it has improved over time. Children > 1 year, presenting with atypical presentation, and incomplete criteria are associated with late diagnosis.
Hookworm infections: Reappraising the evidence for a role of neutrophils in light of NETosis
Authors: Doolan Rory , Bouchery Tiffany 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn Hookworm infection, neutrophils have long had the image of the villain, being recruited to the site of larval migration because of damage but participating themselves in tissue injury. With recent developments in neutrophil biology, there is an increasing body of evidence for the role of neutrophils as effector cells in hookworm immunity. In particular, their ability to release extracellular traps, or neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), confer neutrophils a larvicidal activity. Here, we review recent evidence in this nascent field and discuss the avenue for future research on NETs/hookworm interactions.
Global Perspectives on the Absent Presence of Marginalised Children and Young People in the Public Realm
Authors: McKendrick John H. , Skelton Tracey , Van Melik Rianne 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper introduces a collection of papers drawn from a session sponsored by the Geographies of Children, Youth and Families Research Group at the Annual International Conference of the RGS‐IBG in Cardiff (2018). This subsequent dossier seeks to advance our understanding of the ‘absent presence’ of marginalised children and young people in the public realm. The idea of an absent presence has permeated many fields of geographical scholarship and generally refers to the influence that is exerted by something that is not physically present (anymore); this can be an idea, object or person. The empty playground visualises such an absent presence in children's geographies. The three papers in this dossier discuss children and young people in public spaces in respectively the Netherlands, New Zealand and the US. The dossier closes with a commentary that reviews the theoretical, conceptual and substantive learning that has emerged across the papers.
Diversity of funnel plasmodesmata in angiosperms: the impact of geometry on plasmodesmal resistance
Authors: Ostermeyer Grayson P. , Jensen Kaare H. , Franzen Aslak R. , Peters Winfried S. , Knoblauch Michael 
Published: February 2022

SUMMARYIn most plant tissues, threads of cytoplasm, or plasmodesmata, connect the protoplasts via pores in the cell walls. This enables symplasmic transport, for instance in phloem loading, transport and unloading. Importantly, the geometry of the wall pore limits the size of the particles that may be transported, and also (co‐)defines plasmodesmal resistance to diffusion and convective flow. However, quantitative information on transport through plasmodesmata in non‐cylindrical cell wall pores is scarce. We have found conical, funnel‐shaped cell wall pores in the phloem‐unloading zone in growing root tips of five eudicot and two monocot species, specifically between protophloem sieve elements and phloem pole pericycle cells. 3D reconstructions by electron tomography suggested that funnel plasmodesmata possess a desmotubule but lack tethers to fix it in a central position. Model calculations showed that both diffusive and hydraulic resistance decrease drastically in conical and trumpet‐shaped cell wall pores compared with cylindrical channels, even at very small opening angles. Notably, the effect on hydraulic resistance was relatively larger. We conclude that funnel plasmodesmata generally are present in specific cell–cell interfaces in angiosperm roots, where they appear to facilitate symplasmic phloem unloading. Interestingly, cytosolic sleeves of most plasmodesmata reported in the literature do not resemble annuli of constant diameter but possess variously shaped widenings. Our evaluations suggest that widenings too small for unambiguous identification on electron micrographs may drastically reduce the hydraulic and diffusional resistance of these pores. Consequently, theoretical models assuming cylindrical symmetries will underestimate plasmodesmal conductivities.