bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cancer risk among firefighters and police in the Ontario workforce
Authors: Sritharan Jeavana , Kirkham Tracy L , MacLeod Jill , Marjerrison Niki , Lau Ashley , Dakouo Mamadou , Logar-Henderson Chloë , Norzin Tenzin , DeBono Nathan L , Demers Paul A 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveFirefighters and police often work in high-stress, complex environments with known and suspected carcinogenic exposures. We aimed to characterise cancer incidence among firefighters and police.MethodsThe Occupational Disease Surveillance System (ODSS) was used to identify workers employed as firefighters or police in Ontario. A cohort of workers were identified using lost-time workers’ compensation claims data and followed for cancer in the Ontario Cancer Registry (1983–2020). Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate HRs and 95% CIs for primary site-specific cancer diagnoses adjusted for age at start of follow-up, birth year and sex.ResultsA total of 13 642 firefighters and 22 595 police were identified in the cohort. Compared with all other workers in the ODSS, firefighters and police had increased risk of prostate cancer (firefighters: HR=1.43, 95% CI 1.31 to 1.57; police: HR=1.47, 95% CI 1.35 to 1.59), colon cancer (firefighters: HR=1.39, 95% CI 1.19 to 1.63; police: HR=1.39, 95% CI 1.21 to 1.60) and skin melanoma (firefighters: HR=2.38, 95% CI 1.99 to 2.84; police: HR=2.27, 95% CI 1.96 to 2.62). Firefighters also had increased risk of cancer of the pancreas, testis and kidney, as well as non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and leukaemia. Police had increased risk of thyroid, bladder and female breast cancer. When compared directly with the police, firefighters had an elevated risk of mesothelioma and testicular cancer.ConclusionsFirefighters and police demonstrated some similar as well as some unique cancer risks. Findings from this larger worker population may have important implications for workplace and policy-level changes to improve preventative measures and reduce potential exposures to known carcinogenic hazards.
Protein arginine N-methyltransferase 4 (PRMT4) contributes to lymphopenia in experimental sepsis
Authors: Lai Yandong , Li Xiuying , Li Tiao , Li Xiaoyun , Nyunoya Toru , Chen Kong , Kitsios Georgios , Nouraie Mehdi , Zhang Yingze , McVerry Bryan J , Lee Janet S , Mallmapalli Rama K , Zou Chunbin 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundOne hallmark of sepsis is the reduced number of lymphocytes, termed lymphopenia, that occurs from decreased lymphocyte proliferation or increased cell death contributing to immune suppression. Histone modification enzymes regulate immunity by their epigenetic and non-epigenetic functions; however, the role of these enzymes in lymphopenia remains elusive.MethodsWe used molecular biological approaches to investigate the high expression and function of a chromatin modulator protein arginine N-methyltransferase 4 (PRMT4)/coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1 in human samples from septic patients and cellular and animal septic models.ResultsWe identified that PRMT4 is elevated systemically in septic patients and experimental sepsis. Gram-negative bacteria and their derived endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) increased PRMT4 in B and T lymphocytes and THP-1 monocytes. Single-cell RNA sequencing results indicate an increase of PRMT4 gene expression in activated T lymphocytes. Augmented PRMT4 is crucial for inducing lymphocyte apoptosis but not monocyte THP-1 cells. Ectopic expression of PRMT4 protein caused substantial lymphocyte death via caspase 3-mediated cell death signalling, and knockout of PRMT4 abolished LPS-mediated lymphocyte death. PRMT4 inhibition with a small molecule compound attenuated lymphocyte death in complementary models of sepsis.ConclusionsThese findings demonstrate a previously uncharacterised role of a key chromatin modulator in lymphocyte survival that may shed light on devising therapeutic modalities to lessen the severity of septic immunosuppression.
Relationship between asthma and severe COVID-19: a national cohort study
Authors: Dolby Ted , Nafilyan Vahe , Morgan Ann , Kallis Constantinos , Sheikh Aziz , Quint Jennifer K 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundWe aimed to determine whether children and adults with poorly controlled or more severe asthma have greater risk of hospitalisation and/or death from COVID-19.MethodsWe used individual-level data from the Office for National Statistics Public Health Data Asset, based on the 2011 census in England, and the General Practice Extraction Service data for pandemic planning and research linked to death registration records and Hospital Episode Statistics admission data. Adults were followed from 1 January 2020 to 30 September 2021 for hospitalisation or death from COVID-19. For children, only hospitalisation was included.ResultsOur cohort comprised 35 202 533 adults and 2 996 503 children aged 12–17 years. After controlling for sociodemographic factors, pre-existing health conditions and vaccine status, the risk of death involving COVID-19 for adults with asthma prescribed low dose inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) was not significantly different from those without asthma. Adults with asthma prescribed medium and high dosage ICS had an elevated risk of COVID-19 death; HRs 1.18 (95% CI 1.14 to 1.23) and 1.36 (95% CI 1.28 to 1.44), respectively. A similar pattern was observed for COVID-19 hospitalisation; fully adjusted HRs 1.53 (95% CI 1.50 to 1.56) and 1.52 (95% CI 1.46 to 1.56) for adults with asthma prescribed medium and high-dosage ICS, respectively. Risk of hospitalisation was greater for children with asthma prescribed one (2.58 (95% CI 1.82 to 3.66)) or two or more (3.80 (95% CI 2.41 to 5.95)) courses of oral corticosteroids in the year prior to the pandemic.DiscussionPeople with mild and/or well-controlled asthma are neither at significantly increased risk of hospitalisation with nor more likely to die from COVID-19 than adults without asthma.
“What do you mean I can’t have a doctor? this is Canada!” – a qualitative study of the myriad consequences for unattached patients awaiting primary care attachment
Authors: Marshall Emily Gard , Wuite Sara , Lawson Beverley , Andrew Melissa K. , Edwards Lynn , MacKenzie Adrian , Woodrow Ana Correa , Peddle Sarah 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Patient access to primary healthcare (PHC) is the foundation of a strong healthcare system and healthy populations. Attachment to a regular PHC provider, a key to healthcare access, has seen a decline in some jurisdictions. This study explored the consequences of unattachment from a patient perspective, an under-studied phenomenon to date.

Methods
A realist-informed qualitative study was conducted with unattached patients in Nova Scotia, Canada. Semi-structured interviews with nine participants were conducted and transcribed for analysis. The framework method was used to carry out analysis, which was guided by Donabedian’s model of assessing healthcare access and quality.

Results
Five key findings were noted in this study: 1) Participants experienced a range of consequences from not having a regular PHC provider. Participants used creative strategies to 2) attempt to gain attachment to a regular PHC provider, and, to 3) address their health needs in the absence of a regular PHC provider. 4) Participants experienced negative feelings about themselves and the healthcare system, and 5) stress related to the consequences and added work of being unattached and lost care.

Conclusions
Unattached patients experienced a burden of care related to lost care and managing their own health and related information, due to the download of medical record management and system navigation to them. These findings may underestimate the consequences for further at-risk populations who would not have been included in our recruitment. This may result in poorer health outcomes, which could be mitigated by interventions at the structural level, such as enhanced centralized waitlists to promote attachment. Such waitlists may benefit from a triage approach to appropriately attach patients based on need.
Creative dance associated with traditional Portuguese singing as a strategy for active aging: a comparative cross-sectional study
Authors: Coelho Paulo , Marmeleira José , Cruz-Ferreira Ana , Laranjo Luís , Pereira Catarina , Bravo Jorge 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Multimodal forms of exercise can influence several physical and mental factors important for successful aging. In the present study, we introduce a new type of multimodal intervention, combining movement (creative dance) with traditional singing. This study aims to compare physical fitness, functional physical independence, depressive symptoms, general cognitive status, and daytime sleepiness among older adults participating in multimodal exercise, those participating in traditional physical exercise, and those not actively engaged in physical exercise.

Methods
This cross-sectional study included 112 people aged ≥ 65 years (75.3 ± 0.7 years) living independently in the community, divided into 3 groups: multimodal exercise (n = 34), traditional exercise (n = 41), and no physical exercise (n = 37).

Results
The multimodal exercise group showed greater flexibility of the lower limbs and upper limbs/shoulders and better general cognitive status than the traditional exercise group (p < 0.05). The traditional exercise group had better agility and dynamic balance, aerobic endurance, and strength of the lower and upper limbs than the no-exercise group (p < 0.05).

Conclusions
The results suggest that the two types of programs studied may have different impacts on some of the variables investigated and support the design of future experimental studies that include interventions based on the combination of creative dance and traditional Portuguese singing.
An immune-related nomogram model that predicts the overall survival of patients with lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Sun Jing , Yan Yan , Meng Yiming , Ma Yushu , Du Tianzhao , Yu Tao , Piao Haozhe 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Lung adenocarcinoma accounts for approximately 40% of all primary lung cancers; however, the mortality rates remain high. Successfully predicting progression and overall (OS) time will provide clinicians with more options to manage this disease.

Methods
We analyzed RNA sequencing data from 510 cases of lung adenocarcinoma from The Cancer Genome Atlas database using CIBERSORT, ImmuCellAI, and ESTIMATE algorithms. Through these data we constructed 6 immune subtypes and then compared the difference of OS, immune infiltration level and gene expression between these immune subtypes. Also, all the subtypes and immune cells infiltration level were used to evaluate the relationship with prognosis and we introduced lasso-cox method to constructe an immune-related prognosis model. Finally we validated this model in another independent cohort.

Results
The C3 immune subtype of lung adenocarcinoma exhibited longer survival, whereas the C1 subtype was associated with a higher mutation rate of MUC17 and FLG genes compared with other subtypes. A multifactorial correlation analysis revealed that immune cell infiltration was closely associated with overall survival. Using data from 510 cases, we constructed a nomogram prediction model composed of clinicopathologic factors and immune signatures. This model produced a C-index of 0.73 and achieved a C-index of 0.844 using a validation set.

Conclusions
Through this study we constructed an immune related prognosis model to instruct lung adenocarcinoma’s OS and validated its value in another independent cohost. These results will be useful in guiding treatment for lung adenocarcinoma based on tumor immune profiles.
Bacteriophages and antibiotic interactions in clinical practice: what we have learned so far
Authors: Łusiak-Szelachowska Marzanna , Międzybrodzki Ryszard , Drulis-Kawa Zuzanna , Cater Kathryn , Knežević Petar , Winogradow Cyprian , Amaro Karolina , Jończyk-Matysiak Ewa , Weber-Dąbrowska Beata , Rękas Justyna , Górski Andrzej 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBacteriophages (phages) may be used as an alternative to antibiotic therapy for combating infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria. In the last decades, there have been studies concerning the use of phages and antibiotics separately or in combination both in animal models as well as in humans. The phenomenon of phage–antibiotic synergy, in which antibiotics may induce the production of phages by bacterial hosts has been observed. The potential mechanisms of phage and antibiotic synergy was presented in this paper. Studies of a biofilm model showed that a combination of phages with antibiotics may increase removal of bacteria and sequential treatment, consisting of phage administration followed by an antibiotic, was most effective in eliminating biofilms. In vivo studies predominantly show the phenomenon of phage and antibiotic synergy. A few studies also describe antagonism or indifference between phages and antibiotics. Recent papers regarding the application of phages and antibiotics in patients with severe bacterial infections show the effectiveness of simultaneous treatment with both antimicrobials on the clinical outcome.
Sequential action of JNK genes establishes the embryonic left-right axis
Authors: Derrick Christopher J. , Santos-Ledo Adrian , Eley Lorraine , Paramita Isabela Andhika , Henderson Deborah J. , Chaudhry Bill 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
The establishment of the left-right axis is crucial for the placement, morphogenesis and function of internal organs. Left-right specification is proposed to be dependent on cilia-driven fluid flow in the embryonic node. Planar cell polarity (PCP) signalling is crucial for patterning of nodal cilia, yet downstream effectors driving this process remain elusive. We have examined the role of the JNK gene family, a proposed downstream component of PCP signalling, in the development and function of the zebrafish node. We show jnk1 and jnk2 specify length of nodal cilia, generate flow in the node and restrict southpaw to the left lateral plate mesoderm. Moreover, loss of asymmetric southpaw expression does not result in disturbances to asymmetric organ placement, supporting a model in which nodal flow may be dispensable for organ laterality. Later, jnk3 is required to restrict pitx2c expression to the left side and permit correct endodermal organ placement. This work uncovers multiple roles for the JNK gene family acting at different points during left-right axis establishment. It highlights extensive redundancy and indicates JNK activity is distinct from the PCP signalling pathway.
Nest predation risk and deposition of yolk steroids in a cavity-nesting songbird: an experimental test
Authors: Mouton James C. , Duckworth Renée A. , Paitz Ryan T. , Martin Thomas E. 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTMaternal hormones can shape offspring development and increase survival when predation risk is elevated. In songbirds, yolk androgens influence offspring growth and begging behaviors, which can help mitigate offspring predation risk in the nest. Other steroids may also be important for responding to nest predation risk, but non-androgen steroids have been poorly studied. We used a nest predator playback experiment and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) to assess whether nest predation risk influences deposition of 10 yolk steroids. We found no clear evidence that yolk androgen deposition changed when perception of nest predation risk was experimentally increased. However, elevated nest predation risk led to decreased yolk progesterone deposition. Overall, our results suggest yolk progesterone may be more important than yolk androgens in responses to offspring predation risk and highlight new avenues for research.
When Funders Aren’t Customers: Reputation Management and Capability Underinvestment in Multiaudience Organizations
Authors: Keith David , Taylor Lauren , Paine James , Weisbach Richard , Dowidowicz Anthony 
Published: March 2022

In contrast with for-profit companies, many “multiaudience” organizations, such as universities, hospitals, and nonprofits, receive revenues not just from customers but from third-party funders. This distinction is most stark in donative nonprofits that receive all of their funding from noncustomers and have long been perceived to underperform because of persistent underinvestment in organizational capabilities. In this paper, we explore how the need to manage funder perceptions influences how managers allocate resources to investment in organizational capabilities versus programmatic spending. We develop a model of capability dynamics based on fieldwork with six nonprofit organizations that incorporates the mechanism of reputation management. We argue that difficulties communicating the impact of nonprofits to donors often leads managers to instead focus on the amount of work being done, creating a bias toward programmatic spending. Analyzing our model, we show that a capability tipping threshold exists: for nonprofits with low capabilities, it is boundedly rational for managers to underinvest in organizational capabilities in order to manage donor perceptions even when this practice is known to limit performance. Our findings suggest that building high-performance nonprofits requires coordinated action between managers and donors to allow capability investments to accumulate. Counterintuitively, deliberately restraining programmatic expenditure (i.e., serving fewer recipients) while the organization builds its capabilities may be the best strategy for nonprofits to achieve sustained high performance and impact in the long run. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2022.1579 .
La educación en el Catatumbo desde las metáforas de la pandemia
Authors: Angarita Solano Jorge Andrés , Lázaro Quintero Manuel Andrés 
Published: March 2022

El presente trabajo pretende ilustrar la educación en el Catatumbo a través de cuatro metáforas que corresponden a cuatro medidas de precaución que se han vuelto cotidianas en la emergencia de la Covid-19, estas son: el tapabocas, lavarse las manos, la cuarentena y el distanciamiento social. La estructura metodológica de la investigación estuvo determinada del siguiente modo: 1) observación directa mediante la elaboración y aplicación del instrumento de recolección de información, en este caso la entrevista; 2) revisión documental y análisis de texto donde se referenciaron los diversos contextos del Catatumbo, principalmente en lo que tiene que ver con el campo de la educación; y 3) conclusiones y recomendaciones.
Aphasia in the context of the pandemic: language activities developed by Zoom and Whatsapp
Authors: Boccato Diana Michaela Amaral 
Published: March 2022

Abstract: Taking into account the difficulties faced by aphasic subjects in the utterances production and comprehension, both oral and written, this study aims at discussing the continuous work positive impacts, using Zoom and WhatsApp, during the pandemic period, while developing language activities with GB, a young aphasic woman, who attends the Center for Aphasic Individuals (Institute of Language Studies from the State University of Campinas, Unicamp). The longitudinal study is supported by an ongoing doctoral research, developed by the Group of Language Studies on Aging and Pathologies. The present article follows the theoretical-methodological principles based on enunciative-discursive neurolinguistics (Coudry, 1986, 1988) with focus on qualitative research and case studies. Based also on Luria’s (1981, 1986) and Vygotsky’s (2000 [1984]) neuropsychology, the brain is understood as a system that operates from the joint and integrated activity of functional units, emphasizing the social relations mediated by culturally developed symbols. In addition, Bakhtinian categories (Novaes-Pinto, 1999) allow us to analyze the dialogic processes, considering language production effective contexts, in order to understand the neurological damage impact on linguistic-cognitive functioning. For this, we bring some clippings of virtual interactions between the researcher (Idb) and GB, emphasizing the epi- and metalinguistic work that constitute discursive reorganization processes developed. By providing different features, the digital tools bring new possibilities for creating meaningful alternative strategies, generating a fundamental network that brings benefits to aphasics, while becoming an object of interest for research in several areas.
Keywords: Aphasias; neurolinguistics; reading; writing; epilinguistics
Território Urbano Saudável como horizonte de expectativas do agir em Cooperação Social nas favelas de Manguinhos (Rio de Janeiro)
Authors: Lima André Luiz da Silva 
Published: March 2022

ObjetivosConsiderando a histórica relação da Fiocruz com a população residente no seu entorno, buscar-se-á refletir sobre um certo agir extensionista presente no modo de atuação em ‘cooperação social’, em alguns aspectos considerados importantes, com uma centralidade na noção de Territórios Urbanos Saudáveis.Métodos Para o estudo proposto, adotou-se o levantamento e análise de bibliografia pertinente ao tema, de reflexão sobre as anotações do caderno de campo e relatórios dos projetos vinculados ao Programa Territórios Urbanos Saudáveis. Adotou-se o enquadramento de Pesquisa Participante e Comunidade Ampliada de Pesquisa no desenvolver das ações.ResultadosA Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz) possui uma história de relevantes contribuições, em diversas áreas disciplinares, para saúde da população brasileira, e quiçá, do mundo. Suas ações incluem formulações de políticas públicas, assessorias, pesquisa e produção de medicamentos e insumos farmacêuticos, e a formação de trabalhadores para o Sistema Único de Saúde. No campo educacional, ainda que possua algumas dezenas de cursos de pós-graduação, a Fiocruz assume um desenho institucional que a difere das Instituições de Ensino Superior encontradas no Brasil. Uma destas características de distinção seria a não existência de cursos de graduação, espaço privilegiado de atuação dos programas e projetos em extensão. Entretanto, os espaços de Cooperação Social tanto da Presidência como das Unidades atuam, nos diversos contextos, em situação análoga dos setores de extensão universitária comprometidos com a mitigação das desigualdades sociais e o combate à pobreza na sua perspectiva multidimensional.ConclusõesA noção de projetos de caráter social e de responsabilidade social – insuficiente em si mesmos para serem considerados de extensão – estão presentes com grande força na Fiocruz pelo menos desde os anos 1990. A interação com Movimentos Sociais, certamente catalisada historicamente nos processos emergentes no Movimento Pela Reforma Sanitária e na diretriz de participação social do SUS, redesenhou o escopo da instituição na sua atuação em projetos sociais, incorporando preceitos presentes na extensão universitária. Deste modo, emergiu o setor de Cooperação Social da Fiocruz, atuante nos limites entre um setor de responsabilidade social, uma área de projetos socioculturais e também de extensão, num formato que se institucionalizou em 2009.
Scientist and State: Toward a Typology of Humanitarian Behavior Models in a Non-Free Society
Authors: Mininkov Nikolay 
Published: March 2022

The theme of the scientist&#x27;s attitude to the political regime has recently drown considerable attention of researchers in the history of science, and especially in the humanities sciences. The article contains an analysis of behavior patterns under the Soviet regime of two famous Soviet historians: D. Alshits and A. Nekricha. With all the peculiarities of their behavior in relation to the authorities, both historians defended their scientific positions and their right to criticize the Soviet system. The models of behavior they have chosen represent options for the humanities intellectual to resist political pressure and scientific dictate from the authoritarian government.