bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic, shift to online learning, and social media use on the mental health of college students in the Philippines: A mixed-method study protocol
Authors: Lim Leonard Thomas S. , Regencia Zypher Jude G. , Dela Cruz J. Rem C. , Ho Frances Dominique V. , Rodolfo Marcela S. , Ly-Uson Josefina , Baja Emmanuel S. 
Published: May 2022

Introduction
The COVID-19 pandemic declared by the WHO has affected many countries rendering everyday lives halted. In the Philippines, the lockdown quarantine protocols have shifted the traditional college classes to online. The abrupt transition to online classes may bring psychological effects to college students due to continuous isolation and lack of interaction with fellow students and teachers. Our study aims to assess Filipino college students’ mental health status and to estimate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic, the shift to online learning, and social media use on mental health. In addition, facilitators or stressors that modified the mental health status of the college students during the COVID-19 pandemic, quarantine, and subsequent shift to online learning will be investigated.

Methods and analysis
Mixed-method study design will be used, which will involve: (1) an online survey to 2,100 college students across the Philippines; and (2) randomly selected 20–40 key informant interviews (KIIs). Online self-administered questionnaire (SAQ) including Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) and Brief-COPE will be used. Moreover, socio-demographic factors, social media usage, shift to online learning factors, family history of mental health and COVID-19, and other factors that could affect mental health will also be included in the SAQ. KIIs will explore factors affecting the student’s mental health, behaviors, coping mechanism, current stressors, and other emotional reactions to these stressors. Associations between mental health outcomes and possible risk factors will be estimated using generalized linear models, while a thematic approach will be made for the findings from the KIIs. Results of the study will then be triangulated and summarized.

Ethics and dissemination
Our study has been approved by the University of the Philippines Manila Research Ethics Board (UPMREB 2021-099-01). The results will be actively disseminated through conference presentations, peer-reviewed journals, social media, print and broadcast media, and various stakeholder activities.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, immune activation, and risk of HIV acquisition
Authors: Bender Ignacio Rachel A. , Long Jessica , Saha Aparajita , Nguyen Felicia K. , Joudeh Lara , Valinetz Ethan , Mendelsohn Simon C. , Scriba Thomas J. , Hatherill Mark , Janes Holly , Churchyard Gavin , Buchbinder Susan , Duerr Ann , Shah Javeed A. , Hawn Thomas R. 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundAlthough immune activation is associated with HIV acquisition, the nature of inflammatory profiles that increase HIV risk, which may include responses toM.tuberculosis(Mtb) infection, are not well characterized.MethodsWe conducted a nested case-control study using cryopreserved samples from persons who did and did not acquire HIV during the multinational Step clinical trial of the MRKAd5 HIV-1 vaccine. PBMCs from the last HIV-negative sample from incident HIV cases and controls were stimulated withMtb-specific antigens (ESAT-6/CFP-10) and analyzed by flow cytometry with intracellular cytokine staining and scored with COMPASS. We measured inflammatory profiles with five Correlates of TB Risk (CoR) transcriptomic signatures. Our primary analysis examined the association of latentMtbinfection (LTBI; IFNγ+CD4+ T cell frequency) or RISK6 CoR signature with HIV acquisition. Conditional logistic regression analyses, adjusted for known predictors of HIV acquisition, were employed to assess whether TB-associated immune markers were associated with HIV acquisition.ResultsAmong 465 participants, LTBI prevalence (21.5% controls vs 19.1% cases, p = 0.51) and the RISK6 signature were not higher in those who acquired HIV. In exploratory analyses,Mtbantigen-specific polyfunctional CD4+ T cell COMPASS scores (aOR 0.96, 95% CI 0.77, 1.20) were not higher in those who acquired HIV. Two CoR signatures, Sweeney3 (aOR 1.38 (1.07, 1.78) per SD change) and RESPONSE5 (0.78 (0.61, 0.98)), were associated with HIV acquisition. The transcriptomic pattern used to differentiate active vs latent TB (Sweeney3) was most strongly associated with acquiring HIV.ConclusionsLTBI,Mtbpolyfunctional antigen-specific CD4+ T cell activation, and RISK6 were not identified as risks for HIV acquisition. In exploratory transcriptomic analyses, two CoR signatures were associated with HIV risk after adjustment for known behavioral and clinical risk factors. We identified host gene expression signatures associated with HIV acquisition, but the observed effects are likely not mediated throughMtbinfection.
Erlatibizazio-estrategiak euskaraz: begirada historiari
Authors: Krajewska Dorota 
Published: May 2022

Lan honetan euskarazko erlatibizazio-estrategiak aztertzen dira, kontuan hartuz izen aurreko, izen osteko erlatiboak, erlatibo aposatuak, bait- erlatiboak eta zein erlatiboak. Oinarri bezala, XVI-XIX. mendeetako testuen corpus bat erabili da. Lanaren lehen helburua da erlatiboen arteko lehia aztertzea, egituren maiztasuna nola aldatu den ikusteko. Corpusaren azterketak erakusten du erlatiboen erabileran aukerak murrizten hasten direla XVIII. mendearen erditik aurrera, izen aurreko egitura gustiz nagusitzeraino. Bigarren helburua egituren erabilera konparatzea da, bakoitzaren tokia eta funtzioa sistema osoaren barruan zein den edo zein izan den argitzeko. Horretarako alderdi hauek aztertu dira: egitura bakoitzean erlatibiza daitezkeen argumentuak, perpaus erlatiboaren luzera, bizidun/bizigabe bereizketa eta horren eragina egituraren hautuan, menpeko perpausaren funtzioa eta horren kokapena perpaus nagusiaren barruan. Emaitzek erakusten dute, funtsean, erlatiboa eskuin duten erlatiboak testuinguru berezietan edo markatuetan erabiltzen zirela (adibidez, izen aurreko egituran ezinezkoak ziren kasuak erlatibizatzeko edo menpeko perpausa bereziki luzea zenean).
Computational causal discovery: Advantages and assumptions
Authors: Zhang Kun 
Published: May 2022

I would like to congratulate James Woodward for another landmark accomplishment, after publishing his Making things happen: A theory of causal explanation (Woodward, 2003). Making things happen gives an elegant interventionist theory for understanding explanation and causation. The new contribution (Woodward, 2022) relies on that theory and further makes a big step towards empirical inference of causal relations from non-experimental data. In this paper, I will focus on some of the emerging computational methods for finding causal relations from non-experimental data and attempt to complement Woodward's contribution with discussions on 1) how these methods are connected to the interventionist theory of causality, 2) how informative the output of the methods is, including whether they output directed causal graphs and how they deal with confounders (unmeasured common causes of two measured variables), and 3) the assumptions underlying the asymptotic correctness of the output of the methods about causal relations. Different causal discovery methods may rely on different aspects of the joint distribution of the data, and this discussion aims to provide a technical account of the assumptions.
Fabelns väg till barnlitteraturen
Authors: Zillén Erik 
Published: May 2022

Fable’s Route to Children’s Literature: From Camerarius to Hey
With the emergence of children’s literature in the modern sense in the eighteenth century, new genres of literature especially intended for young readers came into being. In addition, several well established genres, one of which was the Aesopic fable, were adapted and redirected to augment the growing children’s library. Focussing partly on a Scandinavian context, this article outlines fable’s evolution from a genre used in the teaching of classical languages in schools to a literary kind deliberately designed for young readers in their mother tongue. Specifically, it identifies Jean de La Fontaine’s and Antoine Houdart de La Motte’s making of a poetically advanced fable aimed at a readership of adults as a major impetus for the transition; the targeting of a particular age group was thus far unknown in the history of the genre, and it inspired educatively engaged authors to adopt the countermove of constructing a fable specifically addressed to children. The process of generic transformation was accompanied by debates on fable’s suitability as children’s literature, in which arguments put forward in Émile, ou de l’Éducation (1762) played an important role. Somewhat paradoxically, though, Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s critical opinion of the genre stimulated the invention of a fable distinctly formulated for young readers, reaching one of its high points in Johann Wilhelm Hey’s Fünfzig Fabeln für Kinder (1833).
Ulf Starks pojkland
Authors: Öhrn Magnus 
Published: May 2022

The Boys’ Nation According to Ulf Stark: A Literary Excursion in Stureby
A great part of Ulf Stark’s literary œuvre takes place in Stureby, a suburb south of Stockholm, and more specifically Stureby in the 1950s, the place and era of the author’s own boyhood. Although the environment we enter via Stark’s authorship is to be regarded as his imaginary universe, an investigation such as this shows that there are several links and correspondences between the literary setting and the real suburb. In order to investigate some of these connections, this study invokes two theoretical fields. The first one is literary geography, more precisely Henri Lefebvre’s spatial triad, concerning three both different and interacting ways of understanding a room: the perceived, the conceptualized, and the social. Furthermore this survey takes into account different historical documents concerning Stureby, and also a form of literary excursion, a pondering walking tour around Stureby of today, with Stark’s narrative in mind. The second theoretical field is boyhood studies and in particular the idea of a boys’ own “nation”, a distinct cultural world with its own rituals and own symbols and values: a social space where the boys play outside the rules of the adult world. The book chosen for this investigation is Stark’s Min vän Percys magiska gymnastikskor (My Friend Percy’s Magical Gym Shoes, 1991). The study shows that specific places in Stureby, such as the suburban road, the tunnel, the kiosk, and the subway bridge are invaded and appropriated by the boys, and turned into arenas of different boy culture rituals and adventures. This, in turn, means that the geographical places described in Stark’s work influence the style of the work – for example its narrative action, its vocabulary, the narrative devices, and the compositional form.
Comb-referenced metrology laser for interferometric length measurements in nanopositioning and nanomeasuring machines
Authors: Blumröder Ulrike , Köchert Paul , Flügge Jens , Füßl Roland , Ortlepp Ingo , Manske Eberhard 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this article a new approach for the direct traceability of interferometric length measurements in nanopositioning- and measuring machines is presented. The concept is based on an optical frequency comb tied to a GPS disciplined oscillator. The frequency comb serves as a highly stable reference laser with traceable optical frequencies. By directly stabilizing the metrology lasers of a nanopositioning and -measuring machine to a single comb line a permanent link of the laser frequency to an atomic clock is created allowing direct traceability to the SI meter definition. The experimental conditions to provide traceability will be discussed. Furthermore, it is demonstrated how the long-term frequency stability of an individual comb line can be transferred onto the metrology lasers enhancing their stability by three orders of magnitude.
Visual Stimulation Induces Distinct Forms of Sensitization of On-Off Direction-Selective Ganglion Cell Responses in the Dorsal and Ventral Retina
Authors: Huang Xiaolin , Kim Alan Jaehyun , Acarón Ledesma Héctor , Ding Jennifer , Smith Robert G. , Wei Wei 
Published: May 2022

Experience-dependent modulation of neuronal responses is a key attribute in sensory processing. In the mammalian retina, the On-Off direction-selective ganglion cell (DSGC) is well known for its robust direction selectivity. However, how the On-Off DSGC light responsiveness dynamically adjusts to the changing visual environment is underexplored. Here, we report that On-Off DSGCs tuned to posterior motion direction [i.e. posterior DSGCs (pDSGCs)] in mice of both sexes can be transiently sensitized by prior stimuli. Notably, distinct sensitization patterns are found in dorsal and ventral pDSGCs. Although responses of both dorsal and ventral pDSGCs to dark stimuli (Off responses) are sensitized, only dorsal cells show the sensitization of responses to bright stimuli (On responses). Visual stimulation to the dorsal retina potentiates a sustained excitatory input from Off bipolar cells, leading to tonic depolarization of pDSGCs. Such tonic depolarization propagates from the Off to the On dendritic arbor of the pDSGC to sensitize its On response. We also identified a previously overlooked feature of DSGC dendritic architecture that can support dendritic integration between On and Off dendritic layers bypassing the soma. By contrast, ventral pDSGCs lack a sensitized tonic depolarization and thus do not exhibit sensitization of their On responses. Our results highlight a topographic difference in Off bipolar cell inputs underlying divergent sensitization patterns of dorsal and ventral pDSGCs. Moreover, substantial crossovers between dendritic layers of On-Off DSGCs suggest an interactive dendritic algorithm for processing On and Off signals before they reach the soma.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTVisual neuronal responses are dynamically influenced by the prior visual experience. This form of plasticity reflects the efficient coding of the naturalistic environment by the visual system. We found that a class of retinal output neurons, On-Off direction-selective ganglion cells, transiently increase their responsiveness after visual stimulation. Cells located in dorsal and ventral retinas exhibit distinct sensitization patterns because of different adaptive properties of Off bipolar cell signaling. A previously overlooked dendritic morphologic feature of the On-Off direction-selective ganglion cell is implicated in the cross talk between On and Off pathways during sensitization. Together, these findings uncover a topographic difference in the adaptive encoding of upper and lower visual fields and the underlying neural mechanism in the dorsal and ventral retinas.
Dynamic Distortion of Orientation Representation after Learning in the Mouse Primary Visual Cortex
Authors: Corbo Julien , McClure John P. , Erkat O. Batuhan , Polack Pierre-Olivier 
Published: May 2022

Learning is an essential cognitive mechanism allowing behavioral adaptation through adjustments in neuronal processing. It is associated with changes in the activity of sensory cortical neurons evoked by task-relevant stimuli. However, the exact nature of those modifications and the computational advantages they may confer are still debated. Here, we investigated how learning an orientation discrimination task alters the neuronal representations of the cues orientations in the primary visual cortex (V1) of male and female mice. When comparing the activity evoked by the task stimuli in naive mice and the mice performing the task, we found that the representations of the orientation of the rewarded and nonrewarded cues were more accurate and stable in trained mice. This better cue representation in trained mice was associated with a distortion of the orientation representation space such that stimuli flanking the task-relevant orientations were represented as the task stimuli themselves, suggesting that those stimuli were generalized as the task cues. This distortion was context dependent as it was absent in trained mice passively viewing the task cues and enhanced in the behavioral sessions where mice performed best. Those modifications of the V1 population orientation representation in performing mice were supported by a suppression of the activity of neurons tuned for orientations neighboring the orientations of the task cues. Thus, visual processing in V1 is dynamically adapted to enhance the reliability of the representation of the learned cues and favor generalization in the task-relevant computational space.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTPerformance improvement in a task often requires facilitating the extraction of the information necessary to its execution. Here, we demonstrate the existence of a suppression mechanism that improves the representation of the orientations of the task stimuli in the V1 of mice performing an orientation discrimination task. We also show that this mechanism distorts the V1 orientation representation space, leading stimuli flanking the task stimuli orientations to be generalized as the task stimuli themselves.
Dynein Is Required for Rab7-Dependent Endosome Maturation, Retrograde Dendritic Transport, and Degradation
Authors: Yap Chan Choo , Digilio Laura , McMahon Lloyd P. , Wang Tuanlao , Winckler Bettina 
Published: May 2022

In all cell types, endocytosed cargo is transported along a set of endosomal compartments, which are linked maturationally from early endosomes (EEs) via late endosomes (LEs) to lysosomes. Lysosomes are critical for degradation of proteins that enter through endocytic as well as autophagic pathways. Rab7 is the master regulator of early-to-late endosome maturation, motility, and fusion with lysosomes. We previously showed that most degradative lysosomes are localized in the soma and in the first 25 µm of the dendrite and that bulk degradation of dendritic membrane proteins occurs in/near the soma. Dendritic late endosomes therefore move retrogradely in a Rab7-dependent manner for fusion with somatic lysosomes. We now used cultured E18 rat hippocampal neurons of both sexes to determine which microtubule motor is responsible for degradative flux of late endosomes. Based on multiple approaches (inhibiting dynein/dynactin itself or inhibiting dynein recruitment to endosomes by expressing the C-terminus of the Rab7 effector, RILP), we now demonstrate that net retrograde flux of late endosomes in dendrites is supported by dynein. Inhibition of dynein also delays maturation of somatic endosomes, as evidenced by excessive accumulation of Rab7. In addition, degradation of dendritic cargos is inhibited. Our results also suggest that GDP-GTP cycling of Rab7 appears necessary not only for endosomal maturation but also for fusion with lysosomes subsequent to arrival in the soma. In conclusion, Rab7-dependent dynein/dynactin recruitment to dendritic endosomes plays multifaceted roles in dendritic endosome maturation as well as retrograde transport of late endosomes to sustain normal degradative flux.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTLysosomes are critical for degradation of membrane and extracellular proteins that enter through endocytosis. Lysosomes are also the endpoint of autophagy and thus responsible for protein and organelle homeostasis. Endosomal-lysosomal dysfunction is linked to neurodegeneration and aging. We identify roles in dendrites for two proteins with links to human diseases, Rab7 and dynein. Our previous work identified a process that requires directional retrograde transport in dendrites, namely, efficient degradation of short-lived membrane proteins. Based on multiple approaches, we demonstrate that Rab7-dependent recruitment of dynein motors supports net retrograde transport to lysosomes and is needed for endosome maturation. Our data also suggest that GDP-GTP cycling of Rab7 is required for fusion with lysosomes and degradation, subsequent to arrival in the soma.
Características fonológicas en población escolar con dislexia: Un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales
Authors: Quintero López Catalina , Gil Vera Víctor Daniel , Bedoya Carreño Alejandra , Gallego Isaza Daissy Alejandra , Espinosa Yepes Juan David , Gutiérrez Zapata Catalina , Ardila Gómez Anabel 
Published: May 2022

Introducción: El trastorno específico del aprendizaje es una entidad nosológica del neurodesarrollo, las manifestaciones clínicas se hacen evidentes en la etapa escolar y son persistentes en el transcurso de la vida. La dislexia (DS) se caracteriza por una afectación en la comprensión y fluidez del proceso lector, asociada a déficits neurocognitivos.
Objetivo: Analizar. la relación existente entre fluidez fonológica, repetición, denominación y comprensión verbal en niños con diagnóstico de DS.
Método: Se empleó una muestra de N=114 personas con diagnóstico de DS escolarizados, en edades entre 7 y 16 años y un. muestreo no probabilístico. Construimos un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales (MEE) en el software RCran 4.0.4, para analizar la relación entre las variables latentes (fluidez fonológica, fluidez semántica, repetición de pseudopalabras, repetición de frases, denominación y comprensión verbal), a través de los resultados de pruebas psicométricas estandarizadas; Test de Fluencia Verbal, Test de Boston, Evaluación Neuropsicológica Infantil y Escala Weschler IV de Inteligencia.
Resultados: Las covarianzas entre fluidez fonológica y todos los componentes del lenguaje (LG) fueron positivas; fluidez semántica (σxy=0,55), repetición de pseudopalabras (σxz=0,53), repetición de frases (σxw=0,64), denominación del LG (σxv=0,60), comprensión verbal (σxy=0,57), lo que indica una relación directa. En las personas con DS, a menor fluidez fonológica mayores deficiencias del LG.
Conclusión: En la DS la fluidez fonológica y semántica es limitada y se relaciona de manera directa conlas manifestaciones clínicas de este trastorno del neurodesarrollo (TN).
Topographic Response to Simulated Mw 6.5–7.0 Earthquakes on the Seattle Fault
Authors: Stone Ian , Wirth Erin A. , Frankel Arthur D. 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTWe explore the response of ground motions to topography during large crustal fault earthquakes by simulating several magnitude 6.5–7.0 rupture scenarios on the Seattle fault, Washington State. Kinematic simulations are run using a 3D spectral element code and a detailed seismic velocity model for the Puget Sound region. This model includes realistic surface topography and a near-surface low-velocity layer; a mesh spacing of ∼30 m at the surface allows modeling of ground motions up to 3 Hz. We simulate 20 earthquake scenarios using different slip distributions and hypocenter locations on a planar fault surface. Results indicate that average ground motions in simulations with and without topography are similar. However, shaking amplification is common at topographic highs, and more than a quarter of all sites experience short-period (≤2 s) ground-motion amplification greater than 25%–35%, compared with models without topography. Comparisons of peak ground velocity at the top and bottom of topographic features demonstrate that amplification is sensitive to period, with the greatest amplifications typically manifesting near a topographic feature’s estimated resonance frequency and along azimuths perpendicular to its primary axis of elongation. However, interevent variability in topographic response can be significant, particularly at shorter periods (&lt;1 s). We do not observe a clear relationship between source centroid-to-site azimuths and the strength of topographic amplification. Overall, our results suggest that although topographic resonance does influence the average ground motions, other processes (e.g., localized focusing and scattering) also play a significant role in determining topographic response. However, the amount of consistent, significant amplification due to topography suggests that topographic effects should likely be considered in some capacity during seismic hazard studies.