bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Situ Encapsulated Moiré Perovskite for Stable Photodetectors with Ultrahigh Polarization Sensitivity
Authors: Li Shun‐Xin , Xia Hong , Liu Tian‐Yu , Zhu He , Feng Jia‐Cheng , An Yang , Zhang Xu‐Lin , Sun Hong‐Bo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNanostructures provide a simple, effective, and low‐cost route to enhance the light‐trapping capability of optoelectronic devices. In recent years, nano‐optical structures have been widely used in perovskite optoelectronic devices to greatly enhance the device performance. However, the inherent instability of perovskite materials hinders the practical application of these nanostructured optoelectronic devices. Here, in situ encapsulated moiré lattice perovskite photodetectors (PDs) by two nanograting‐structured soft templates with relative rotation angles is fabricated. The confinement growth of the two nanograting templates leads to crystal growth with moiré lattice structure, which improves the light‐harvesting ability of the perovskite crystal, thereby improving the device performance. The PD exhibits responsivity to 1026.5 A W−1. The Moiré lattice‐perovskite‐based PD maintained 95% of the initial performance after 223 days. After being continuously sprayed with water moist for 180 min, the performance is maintained at 95.7% of its initial level. The nanograting structure endows the device with high polarization sensitivity ofImax/Iminas high as 9.1.
Shape Morphing Directed by Spatially Encoded, Dually Responsive Liquid Crystalline Elastomer Micro‐Actuators
Authors: Liu Mingzhu , Jin Lishuai , Yang Shengsong , Wang Yuchen , Murray Christopher B. , Yang Shu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLiquid crystalline elastomers (LCEs) with intrinsic molecular anisotropy can be programmed to morph shapes under external stimuli. However, it is difficult to program the position and orientation of individual mesogenic units separately and locally, whether in‐plane or out‐of‐plane, since each mesogen is linked to adjacent ones through the covalently bonded polymer chains. Here, dually responsive, spindle‐shaped micro‐actuators are synthesized from LCE composites, which can reorient under a magnetic field and change the shape upon heating. When the discrete micro‐actuators are embedded in a conventional and nonresponsive elastomer with programmed height distribution and in‐plane orientation in local regions, robust and complex shape morphing induced by the cooperative actuations of the locally distributed micro‐actuators, which corroborates with finite element analysis, are shown. The spatial encoding of discrete micro‐actuators in a nonresponsive matrix allows to decouple the actuators and the matrix, broadening the material palette to program local and global responses to stimuli for applications including soft robotics, smart wearables, and sensors.
High‐Entropy Microdomain Interlocking Polymer Electrolytes for Advanced All‐Solid‐State Battery Chemistries
Authors: Su Yun , Rong Xiaohui , Li Hong , Huang Xuejie , Chen Liquan , Liu Binyuan , Hu Yong‐Sheng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAll‐solid‐state polymer electrolytes (ASPEs) with excellent processivity are considered one of the most forward‐looking materials for large‐scale industrialization. However, the contradiction between improving the mechanical strength and accelerating the ionic migration of ASPEs has always been difficult to reconcile. Herein, a rational concept is raised of high‐entropy microdomain interlocking ASPEs (HEMI‐ASPEs), inspired by entropic elasticity well‐known in polymer and biochemical sciences, by introducing newly designed multifunctional ABC miktoarm star terpolymers into polyethylene oxide for the first time. The tailor‐made HEMI‐ASPEs possess multifunctional polymer chains, which induce themselves to assemble into micro‐ and nanoscale dynamic interlocking networks with high topological structure entropy. HEMI‐ASPEs achieve excellent toughness, considerable ionic conductivity, an appreciable lithium transference number (0.63), and desirable thermal stability (Td > 400 °C) for all‐solid‐state lithium metal batteries. The Li|HEMI‐ASPE‐Li|Li symmetrical cell shows a stable Li plating/stripping performance over 4000 h, and a LiFePO4|HEMI‐ASPE‐Li|Li full cell exhibits a high capacity retention (≈96%) after 300 cycles. This work contributes an innovative design concept introducing high‐entropy supramolecular dynamic networks for ASPEs.
A Green Synthesis of 5,5′‐[Oxybis(methylene)]bis‐2‐Furfural: from By‐Product to Attractive Bio‐Based Platform Chemical
Authors: Annatelli Mattia , Trapasso Giacomo , Torre Davide Dalla , Pietrobon Luca , Redolfi‐Bristol Davide , Aricò Fabio 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this work, a green synthetic approach to 5,5′‐[oxybis(methylene)]bis‐2‐furfural (OBMF) from 5‐hydroxymethyl‐2‐furfural (HMF) is reported for the first time. In the optimized reaction conditions, dimethyl carbonate (DMC) is used as the preferred green solvent and iron(III) sulfate as the best catalyst, recyclable up to three times. The HMF self‐etherification reaction is conducted both in milligram‐ and gram‐scale with isolated yields up to 99% and 81% respectively. OBMF is further derivatized via reduction to achieve 5,5′‐oxybis(methylene)bis(furan‐5,2‐diyl)dimethanol (OBMF‐H), a potential bisphenol‐A biobased alternative. Thus, methoxycarbonylation of OBMF‐H leads to the biscarboxymethylated derivative (OBMF‐DC) employing, once again, DMC as solvent and reagent. Both OBMF‐H and OBMF‐DC are achieved in high yields and are fully characterized. Furthermore, thermogravimetric analysis of OBMF, OBMF‐H, and OBMF‐DC establishes that these compounds are more thermally stable than HMF and its derivatives. In fact, they can withstand up to 200 °C before undergoing complete degradation rendering OBMF and its derivatives valuable bio‐based monomers for bioplastics prepared via polycondensation reaction.
Tuning Co‐Catalytic Sites in Hierarchical Porous N‐Doped Carbon for High‐Performance Rechargeable and Flexible Zn‐Air Battery
Authors: Shu Xinxin , Chen Qianwu , Yang Maomao , Liu Miaomiao , Ma Jizhen , Zhang Jintao 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe strategy of heteroatom doping and metal active sites can synergistically promote oxygen electrocatalysis. Especially, the combination of theoretical simulations with experimental results provides new opportunities to understand the electrocatalytic mechanism. Herein, the 3D carbon nanosheets aggregate with highly branched carbon nanotubes and cobalt active sites (CoCNTs/PNAs) is prepared via the facile self‐assembly‐pyrolysis strategy. The CoCNTs/PNAs electrocatalysts exhibit superior bifunctional activities to oxygen reduction (E1/2 = 0.925 V) and evolution (Ej = 10 = 1.54 V) reactions, surpassing those of Pt/C‐RuO2 catalysts. The theoretical calculations reveal that the electronic interaction of cobalt sites and nitrogen‐doped carbon matrix plays a critical role in boosting the bifunctional electrocatalytic performance. Additionally, the rechargeable Zn‐Air battery (ZAB) assembled with aqueous electrolyte exhibits the largest power density of 371.6 mW cm−2 and outstanding cycling durability (over 2000 h). Furthermore, all‐solid‐state cable‐type ZAB delivers high flexibility with good cycling stability and high energy efficiency (76.5%). This work will open a new avenue to adjust the metal‐carbon support interaction for functional electrocatalysis via hierarchical porous structure design.
Tailoring Interfacial Charge Transfer of Epitaxially Grown Ir Clusters for Boosting Hydrogen Oxidation Reaction
Authors: Liu Dan‐Qing , Luo Zhouxin , Zhang Bingxing , Zhao Guoqiang , Guo Wei , Chen Jian , Gao Mingxia , Liu Yongfeng , Pan Hongge , Sun Wenping 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe sluggish kinetics of hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) is one of the critical challenges for anion exchange membrane fuel cells. Here, we report epitaxial growth of Ir nanoclusters (<2 nm) on a MoS2 surface (Ir/MoS2) and optimize the alkaline HOR activity via tailoring interfacial charge transfer between Ir clusters and MoS2. The electron transfer from MoS2 to Ir clusters can effectively prevent the oxidation of Ir clusters, which is not the case for carbon‐supported Ir nanoclusters (Ir/C) synthesized using the same method. Moreover, the HOR performance of the Ir/MoS2 can be further optimized by tuning the hydrogen binding energy (HBE) via a precise annealing treatment. A substantial exchange current density of 1.28 mA cmECSA−2 is achieved in the alkaline medium, which is ∼10 times over that of Ir/C. The HOR mass‐specific activity of Ir/MoS2 heterostructure is as high as 182 mA mgIr−1. The experimental results and density functional theory calculations reveal that the significant improved HOR activity is attributed to the decreased HBE, which highlights epitaxial growth is an effective way for boosting catalytic activity of heterostructured catalysts.
Performance of amine‐functionalized MIL‐53 incorporated thin‐film nanocomposite Pebax membranes for CO2/CH4 mixed gas separation
Authors: Fakoori Mahdi , Azdarpour Amin , Honarvar Bizhan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn the present paper, the gas transport characteristics of amine‐functionalized MIL‐53 metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) integrated thin‐film nanocomposite (TFN) Pebax 2533 membranes dip‐coated over a polysulfone (PSF) layer were studied. Various characterization methods were used to investigate the impact of ligand functionalization by NH2 on the characteristics of the generated TFN membranes and their gas transport properties, including TGA, FESEM, BET, gas adsorption tests, and a series of CO2/CH4 mixed gas separation tests. According to the FESEM pictures, the NH2‐MIL 53(Al) particles were well distributed in the TFN membranes, with no apparent agglomeration, The gas adsorption experiment of NH2‐MIL 53(Al) particles showed that they adsorb CO2 selectively. The incorporation of NH2‐MIL 53(Al) into TFN membranes led to improved CO2/CH4 selectivity and increased gas permeability. In addition, CO2/CH4 selectivity and CO2 permeability of the CO2/CH4 mixed gas were enhanced from 11.05 to 26.55 and from 111.6 to 260.2 Barrer, respectively, when NH2‐MIL 53(Al) 20 wt% was added to the TFN membrane. In the CO2/CH4 mixed gas experiment, increasing the temperature from 30 to 50°C increased the permeability of both CH4 and CO2 while decreasing the CO2/CH4 selectivity. Furthermore, the performance of the prepared membranes was assessed at different feed pressures ranging from 4 to 8 bar. As the feed pressure increased, the CO2/CH4 separation improved. Also, with pure gas, the increase in NH2‐MIL53(Al) loading resulted in lower diffusivity selectivity amounts for the TFN membrane than for the pristine TFN, and solubility selectivity was enhanced from 5 to 20 wt% and was reduced to 25 and 30 wt% in the TFN, respectively. In the present study, the best results were obtained at 6 bar pressure, 30°C temperature, and 20 wt% loading of NH2‐MIL53(Al).
Different experimental approaches for Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy applications in biology and biotechnology: A selected choice of representative results
Authors: Errico Sonia , Moggio Martina , Diano Nadia , Portaccio Marianna , Lepore Maria 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is a powerful tool for analyzing the biochemical properties of biological samples such as proteins, cellular materials, and tissues. It provides objective information on samples and has been adopted in many research areas of biomedical and biotechnological interest. FTIR spectroscopy can be performed using different approaches at the macro and micro levels allowing the examination of an incredibly broad class of materials. However, it has become evident that the choice of proper spectra acquisition geometries and the modalities of sample preparation in FTIR spectroscopy analysis require special consideration, especially for certain classes of materials such as cells and tissues. In the present paper, we described the different procedures used for preparing and analyzing different types of biological and biotechnological samples when the more largely available approaches are employed using a commercial FTIR spectrometer. Some basic aspects of data analysis procedures are presented in an Appendix. A certain number of our previous experimental results are reported for demonstrating once more the versatility and the potentiality of FTIR spectroscopy.
Investigating the strengths and weaknesses of online education during COVID‐19 pandemic from the perspective of professors and students of medical universities and proposing solutions: A qualitative study
Authors: Ameri Hosein , Mahami‐Oskouei Mina , Sharafi Simin , Saadatjoo Saeede , Miri Maryam , Arab‐Zozani Morteza 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to explore the strengths and weaknesses of e‐learning during the COVID‐19 pandemic from the perspective of its primary stakeholders, namely professors and students, and to provide practical solutions. Design is a qualitative study. We enrolled 22 faculty members and 58 students purposively. Research data were collected through a data collection checklist and via email and continued until the data were saturated. The qualitative content analyses were the basis of analysis in this study. Strengths were presented in 6 themes and 26 subthemes, weaknesses in 5 themes and 23 subthemes, and solutions were presented in 5 themes and 20 subthemes. Save money, time and energy; use modern software and educational technologies; and the ability to individualize education were among the strengths of e‐learning. The most important weaknesses related to e‐learning include infrastructure difficulties, problems related to the ability of professors and students to use educational systems. The most beneficial solutions offered included improving and upgrading the e‐learning infrastructure, empowering professors and students to use educational systems. We concluded that using online teaching has many strengths as well as some weaknesses. Identifying these strengths and weaknesses can help policymakers plan better.
Research progress on metabolomics in the quality evaluation and clinical study ofPanax ginseng
Authors: Xia Zhao‐di , Sun Bao , Wen Jin‐feng , Ma Ruo‐xin , Wang Feng‐yun , Wang Yu‐qi , Li Zhi‐hao , Jia Pu , Zheng Xiao‐hui 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPanax ginseng, an essential component of traditional medicine and often referred to as the king of herbs, has played a pivotal role in medicine globally for several millennia. Previously, traditional phytochemical methods were mainly used for quality evaluation and pharmacological mechanism studies of ginseng, resulting in the lack of systematicness and innovation and hindering the development and utilization of ginseng resources. Since the beginning of the new century, systems biology technology represented by metabolomics has shown unique advantages in the modernization and internationalization of herbal medicine, establishing a bridge for communication between traditional medicine and modern medicine.P. ginseng, a special herb used in medicine and food, is one of the main research objects for qualitative and quantitative analysis of metabolomics and has gradually become the focus of researchers globally. Here, we conducted a comprehensive summary and analysis of numerous studies published in ginseng metabolomics. This review aims to provide more novel ideas for the quality evaluation, development, and clinical application of ginseng in the future and offer more useful technical references for the modernization and internationalization of herbal medicine based on metabolomics.
Sintilimab versus docetaxel as second‐line treatment in advanced or metastatic squamous non‐small‐cell lung cancer: an open‐label, randomized controlled phase 3 trial (ORIENT‐3)
Authors: Shi Yuankai , Wu Lin , Yu Xinmin , Xing Puyuan , Wang Yan , Zhou Jianying , Wang Airong , Shi Jianhua , Hu Yi , Wang Ziping , An Guangyu , Fang Yong , Sun Sanyuan , Zhou Caicun , Wang Changli , Ye Feng , Li Xingya , Wang Junye , Wang Mengzhao , Liu Yunpeng , Zhao Yanqiu , Yuan Ying , Feng Jifeng , Chen Zhendong , Shi Jindong , Sun Tao , Wu Gang , Shu Yongqian , Guo Qisen , Zhang Yi , Song Yong , Zhang Shucai , Chen Yuan , Li Wei , Niu Hongrui , Hu Wenwei , Wang Lijun , Huang Jianan , Zhang Yang , Cheng Ying , Wu Zhengdong , Peng Bo , Sun Jiya , Mancao Christoph , Wang Yanqi , Sun Luyao 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundTreatment options for Chinese patients with locally advanced or metastatic squamous‐cell non‐small‐cell lung cancer (sqNSCLC) after failure of first‐line chemotherapy are limited. This study (ORIENT‐3) aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of sintilimab versus docetaxel as second‐line treatment in patients with locally advanced or metastatic sqNSCLC.MethodsORIENT‐3 was an open‐label, multicenter, randomized controlled phase 3 trial that recruited patients with stage IIIB/IIIC/IV sqNSCLC after failure with first‐line platinum‐based chemotherapy. Patients were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive either 200 mg of sintilimab or 75 mg/m2 of docetaxel intravenously every 3 weeks, stratified by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS) in the full analysis set (FAS). Secondary endpoints included progression‐free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), duration of response (DoR) and safety.ResultsBetween August 25, 2017, and November 7, 2018, 290 patients were randomized. For FAS, 10 patients from the docetaxel arm were excluded. The median OS was 11.79 (n = 145; 95% confidence interval [CI], 10.28‐15.57) months with sintilimab versus 8.25 (n = 135; 95% CI, 6.47‐9.82) months with docetaxel (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.74; 95% CI, 0.56‐0.96; P = 0.025). Sintilimab treatment significantly prolonged PFS (median 4.30 vs. 2.79 months; HR: 0.52; 95% CI, 0.39‐0.68; P < 0.001) and showed higher ORR (25.50% vs. 2.20%, P < 0.001) and DCR (65.50% vs. 37.80%, P < 0.001) than the docetaxel arm. The median DoR was 12.45 (95% CI, 4.86‐25.33) months in the sintilimab arm and 4.14 (95% CI, 1.41‐7.23) months in the docetaxel arm (P = 0.045). Treatment‐related adverse events of grade ≥ 3 were reported in 26 (18.1%) patients in the sintilimab arm and 47 (36.2%) patients in the docetaxel arm. Exploratory biomarker analysis showed potential predictive values of expression levels of two transcription factors, including OVOL2 (HR: 0.35; P < 0.001) and CTCF (HR: 3.50; P < 0.001)，for sintilimab treatment.ConclusionsCompared with docetaxel, sintilimab significantly improved the OS, PFS, and ORR of Chinese patients with previously treated locally advanced or metastatic sqNSCLC.
Applications of Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase Enzyme in Biotechnology
Authors: Ashley Jon , Potts Indiia Margarita , Olorunniji Femi J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe use of polymerase enzymes in biotechnology has allowed us to gain unprecedented control over the manipulation of DNA, opening up new and exciting applications in areas such as biosensing, polynucleotide synthesis, and DNA storage, aptamer development and DNA‐nanotechnology. One of the most intriguing enzymes which has gained prominence in the last decade is terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT), which is one of the only polymerase enzymes capable of catalysing the template independent stepwise addition of nucleotides onto an oligonucleotide chain. This unique enzyme has seen a significant increase in a variety of different applications. In this review, we give a comprehensive discussion of the unique properties and applications of TdT as a biotechnology tool, and the application in the enzymatic synthesis of poly/oligonucleotides. Finally, we look at the increasing role of TdT enzyme in biosensing, DNA storage, synthesis of DNA nanostructures and aptamer development, and give a future outlook for this technology.
Statistical Optimization and Downstream Processing of C‐Phycocyanin from Phormidium valderianum
Authors: Nair Maya Suresh , Rajarathinam Ravikumar , Velmurugan Sivasubramanian , Sam Kevin Joseph , Arumugam Loganathan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractC‐Phycocyanin (C‐PC), a blue pigment from cyanobacteria, is a promising replacement for harmful synthetic food colors. The cyanobacterium Phormidium valderianum is suggested as an alternative source for C‐PC to the frequently utilized Spirulina. The importance of harvest time is emphasized as a key variable in the optimization process. To increase the C‐PC concentration, the effects and optimal values of sonication time, harvesting time, and pH levels were evaluated using response surface methodology. C‐PC extracted by ultrasonication was adsorbed by activated charcoal and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane filtration to achieve food‐grade purity. The product now has a shelf life of more than nine months and better thermal stability of 75 ± 2 °C.
Simulation Multi‐Objective Particle Swarm Optimization of a Crude Oil Distillation Unit
Authors: Jumaah Ahmed Fadhil , Amooey Ali Akbar , Nabavi Seyed Reza 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe crude distillation unit (CDU) plays a significant role in the petroleum refinery. Decision variables of this unit have an effect on the final product quality, quantity, and energy consumption. The aim of this work is to increase the profit of the refinery proportionally with reducing emissions by getting high distillate products through selection of the optimal conditions. Two goal functions in three cases, namely, profit, CO2 emission, energy cost, and total distillate are considered. Therefore, the multi‐objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) algorithm is implemented by using MATLAB to optimize the CDU unit and then linked to an ASPEN HYSYS simulator. The effect of the temperature of preheated crude is demonstrated in the Pareto front. Also, the influence of the other variables, i.e., reflux ratio, atmospheric stripper steam, and amount of fuel burnt, is investigated.
Recent achievements of free‐standing material and interface optimization in high‐energy‐density flexible lithium batteries
Authors: Zuo Lanlan , Lu Di , Yang Tianyan , Yue Dan , Li Weidong , Ma Qiang , Chen Yufang , Zheng Chunman , Wu Xiongwei 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLithium‐based batteries are the most potential state‐of‐the‐art energy storage device for flexible electronics. The flexible lithium batteries have the advantages of high energy density, robust mechanical durability, and stable power output even under dynamic deformation. Among them, the synergies of flexible free‐standing electrodes, solid electrolytes, and electrode–electrolyte interfaces are crucial to achieving the goal of high energy density and safety performance for flexible lithium batteries. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the interface formation mechanism and influencing factors is crucial for the design of flexible electrodes and solid electrolytes. In this review, the interface challenges in flexible lithium‐based batteries including interface formation, electrodes‐electrolyte interface, and interparticle interface characteristics are presented. Then, strategies of interface optimization are summarized and discussed. Following this, the interface of flexible lithium‐based batteries with novel architecture is introduced, including the interface between each component and unit of the battery. Finally, the perspectives for the future development of flexible lithium‐based batteries are also given.