bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Provable randomized rounding for minimum-similarity diversification
Authors: Ordozgoiti Bruno , Mahadevan Ananth , Matakos Antonis , Gionis Aristides 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWhen searching for information in a data collection, we are often interested not only in finding relevant items, but also in assembling a diverse set, so as to explore different concepts that are present in the data. This problem has been researched extensively. However, finding a set of items with minimal pairwise similarities can be computationally challenging, and most existing works striving for quality guarantees assume that item relatedness is measured by a distance function. Given the widespread use of similarity functions in many domains, we believe this to be an important gap in the literature. In this paper we study the problem of finding a diverse set of items, when item relatedness is measured by a similarity function. We formulate the diversification task using a flexible, broadly applicable minimization objective, consisting of the sum of pairwise similarities of the selected items and a relevance penalty term. To find good solutions we adopt a randomized rounding strategy, which is challenging to analyze because of the cardinality constraint present in our formulation. Even though this obstacle can be overcome using dependent rounding, we show that it is possible to obtain provably good solutions using an independent approach, which is faster, simpler to implement and completely parallelizable. Our analysis relies on a novel bound for the ratio of Poisson-Binomial densities, which is of independent interest and has potential implications for other combinatorial-optimization problems. We leverage this result to design an efficient randomized algorithm that provides a lower-order additive approximation guarantee. We validate our method using several benchmark datasets, and show that it consistently outperforms the greedy approaches that are commonly used in the literature.
An Overview of an Undergraduate Diversity MCH Pipeline Training Program: USF’s Train-A-Bull
Authors: Armstrong Anna Torrens , Noble Charlotte A. , Azeredo Juliana , Daley Ellen , Wilson Roneé E. , Vamos Cheryl 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To describe an undergraduate pipeline training program (PTP) designed to guide underrepresented minorities (URM) trainees into MCH-related health professions, ultimately contributing to a diverse maternal and child health (MCH) workforce that can improve health outcomes for all women/mothers, children, and their families, including fathers and children with special healthcare needs.

Description
Three cohorts with 35 total undergraduate trainees were recruited to participated in the 2 years USF MCH PTP program where they were mentored, trained, guided, and supported by program faculty/staff. Students were recruited early in their education track, and the program was individually tailored based on trainees’ educational discovery stages. Key program components included seminars, summer institutes, public health courses, mentorship, internship, experiential learning opportunities, and professional networking opportunities.

Assessment
The majority of the undergraduate participants were diverse URMs including Hispanic/Latino (37.1%), Black/African American (31.4%), Asian (20%), and American Indian/Alaskan Native (5.7%) trainees. Out of all the cohorts, 51.4% were first-generation college students and 74.3% had economic hardships (i.e., PELL Grant, FAFSA). Resulting from the program, all cohorts increased in educational discovery stages, one-third enrolled in health-related graduate studies and half joined the MCH workforce.

Conclusion
Recruitment in pipeline programs should be intentional and meet students where they are in their education discovery stage. The use of educational discovery stages within a pipeline program are useful in both tailoring curriculum to individuals’ needs and assessment of progression in career decision-making. Mentoring from program staff remains an important component for pipeline programs.
Who wants to learn harder? The relationship between conservatism and liberalism, desirable difficulties, and academic learning
Authors: Mariss Antonia , Wenzel Kristin , Grünberg Chawwah , Reinhard Marc-André 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPrevious work has shown that challenging learning strategies likedesirable difficultiesimprove long-term learning. Nonetheless, because they might be regarded as strict and demanding learning strategies, they should not be perceived as positive by everyone. They should, however, fit conservative political attitudes since those are, among others, positively correlated with individuals’ need for order and structure as well as with challenging learning environments. Hence, we hypothesized conservative political attitudes to be correlated with more positive attitudes towards desirable difficulties, towards the use of desirable difficulties at school, towards the preferred difficulty of the learning process, and towards deeper learning strategies. We conducted three online studies assessing US American students’ political attitudes and their attitudes towards such difficult and challenging learning strategies: Study 1 found correlations among more conservative political attitudes and more positive attitudes towards difficult and challenging learning strategies, whereas Study 2 found no significant linkages among these variables. Study 3 then showed that a more conservative political attitude and favorable ratings of Republican politicians, but also more favorable ratings of Democratic politicians were linked to more positive attitudes towards our dependent variables. Self-reported interest in and importance of politics were also positively correlated with positive attitudes towards difficult learning. Our results indicate that students’ political attitudes are generally linked to positive attitudes towards difficult and challenging learning strategies and are therefore important individual characteristics regarding applications and perceptions of these learning strategies. Future work focusing on these relationships, on causal effects, and on further related variables is valuable.
Zwei Seelen wohnen, ach! in meiner Brust …
Authors: Klein Alexandra , Schweitzer Jann 
Published: January 2022

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag thematisiert die Mediensozialisation von Heranwachsenden im Zusammenhang mit Sexualität. Nach der Präsentation verschiedener empirischer Befunde zur Mediennutzung und zur Sexualität fokussiert er zunächst die Phänomene Pornografienutzung und Sexting, um daraus dann Anschlusspunkte für die Soziale Arbeit darzustellen.
The Impact of Fasciation on Maize Inflorescence Architecture
Authors: Kim Da Eun , Jeong Jin-hee , Kang Yu Mi , Park Young-Hoon , Lee Yong-Jae , Kang Jum-soon , Choi Young-Whan , Son Beung-Gu , Kim Sun Tae , Jackson Dave , Je Byoung Il 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHow functional genetics research can be applied to improving crop yields is a timely challenge. One of the most direct methods is to produce larger inflorescences with higher productivity, which should be accompanied by a balance between stem cell proliferation and lateral organ initiation in meristems. Unbalanced proliferation of stem cells causes the fasciated inflorescences, which reflect the abnormal proliferation of meristems, derived from the Latin word ‘fascis’, meaning ‘bundle’. Maize, a model system for grain crops, has shown tremendous yield improvements through the mysterious transformation of the female inflorescence during domestication. In this review, we focus on maize inflorescence architecture and highlight the patterns of fasciation, including recent progress.
A review of basic well log interpretation techniques in highly deviated wells
Authors: Ghosh Sayantan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDrilling deviated wells has become customary in recent times. This work condenses various highly deviated and horizontal well log interpretation techniques supported by field examples. Compared to that in vertical wells, log interpretation in highly deviated wells is complex because the readings are affected not only by the host bed but also the adjacent beds and additional wellbore-related issues. However, understanding the potential pitfalls and combining information from multiple logs can address some of the challenges. For example, a non-azimuthally focused gamma ray logging while drilling (LWD) tool, used in combination with azimuthally focused density and neutron porosity tools, can accurately tell if an adjacent approaching bed is overlying or underlying. Moreover, resistivity logs in horizontal wells are effective in detecting the presence of adjacent beds. Although the horns associated with resistivity measurements in highly deviated wells are unwanted, their sizes can provide important clues about the angle of the borehole with respect to the intersecting beds. Inversion of horizontal/deviated well logs can also help determine true formation resistivities. Additionally, observed disagreement between resistivity readings with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) T2 hydrocarbon peaks can indicate the presence or absence of hydrocarbons. Furthermore, variations in pulsed neutron capture cross sections along horizontal wells, measured while injecting various fluids, can indicate high porosity/permeability unperforated productive zones. Finally, great advances have been made in the direction of the bed geometry determination and geologic modeling using the mentioned deviated well logs. More attention is required toward quantitative log interpretation in horizontal/high angle wells for determining the amount of hydrocarbons in place.
Operationalizing the Exposome Using Passive Silicone Samplers
Authors: Fuentes Zoe Coates , Schwartz Yuri Levin , Robuck Anna R. , Walker Douglas I. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe exposome, which is defined as the cumulative effect of environmental exposures and corresponding biological responses, aims to provide a comprehensive measure for evaluating non-genetic causes of disease. Operationalization of the exposome for environmental health and precision medicine has been limited by the lack of a universal approach for characterizing complex exposures, particularly as they vary temporally and geographically. To overcome these challenges, passive sampling devices (PSDs) provide a key measurement strategy for deep exposome phenotyping, which aims to provide comprehensive chemical assessment using untargeted high-resolution mass spectrometry for exposome-wide association studies. To highlight the advantages of silicone PSDs, we review their use in population studies and evaluate the broad range of applications and chemical classes characterized using these samplers. We assess key aspects of incorporating PSDs within observational studies, including the need to preclean samplers prior to use to remove impurities that interfere with compound detection, analytical considerations, and cost. We close with strategies on how to incorporate measures of the external exposome using PSDs, and their advantages for reducing variability in exposure measures and providing a more thorough accounting of the exposome. Continued development and application of silicone PSDs will facilitate greater understanding of how environmental exposures drive disease risk, while providing a feasible strategy for incorporating untargeted, high-resolution characterization of the external exposome in human studies.
Information Asymmetries and Intra-Company Monitoring: an Empirical Analysis of Nonlinear Relationships Between Company Characteristics and the Size of the Internal Audit Function
Authors: Eulerich Marc , Lohmann Christian 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe internal audit function (IAF) has become one of the main pillars of good corporate governance. Empirical findings show that the size of the IAF varies considerably across companies. This study analyzes the relationships between selected company characteristics as determinants of intra-company information asymmetries and the size of the IAF as an indicator of intra-company monitoring. We test these relationships by analyzing comprehensive survey data obtained from chief audit executives from 283 Austrian, German, and Swiss companies. Using a nonparametric regression approach, we identify significant nonlinear relationships between company characteristics and IAF size. The empirical analysis identifies threshold levels for several metric company characteristics, such as the number of employees and the number of subsidiaries, whose relationships with the size of the IAF change its intensity.
Adaptive entry guidance for the Tianwen-1 mission
Authors: Guo Minwen , Huang Xiangyu , Li Maodeng , Hu Jinchang , Xu Chao 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTo meet the requirements of the Tianwen-1 mission, adaptive entry guidance for entry vehicles, with low lift-to-drag ratios, limited control authority, and large initial state bias, was presented. Typically, the entry guidance law is divided into four distinct phases: trim angle-of-attack phase, range control phase, heading alignment phase, and trim-wing deployment phase. In the range control phase, the predictor—corrector guidance algorithm is improved by planning an on-board trajectory based on the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) entry guidance algorithm. The nominal trajectory was designed and described using a combination of the downrange value and other states, such as drag acceleration and altitude rate. For a large initial state bias, the nominal downrange value was modified onboard by weighing the landing accuracy, control authority, and parachute deployment altitude. The biggest advantage of this approach is that it allows the successful correction of altitude errors and the avoidance of control saturation. An overview of the optimal trajectory design process, including a discussion of the design of the initial flight path angle, relevant event trigger, and transition conditions between the four phases, was also presented. Finally, telemetry data analysis and post-flight assessment results were used to illustrate the adaptive guidance law, create good conditions for subsequent parachute reduction and power reduction processes, and gauge the success of the mission.
Towards the analysis of coral skeletal density-banding using deep learning
Authors: Rutterford Ainsley , Bertini Leonardo , Hendy Erica J. , Johnson Kenneth G. , Summerfield Rebecca , Burghardt Tilo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractX-ray micro–computed tomography (µCT) is increasingly used to record the skeletal growth banding of corals. However, the wealth of data generated is time consuming to analyse for growth rates and colony age. Here we test an artificial intelligence (AI) approach to assist the expert identification of annual density boundaries in small colonies of massive Porites spanning decades. A convolutional neural network (CNN) was trained with µCT images combined with manually labelled ground truths to learn banding-related features. The CNN successfully predicted the position of density boundaries in independent images not used in training. Linear extension rates derived from CNN-based outputs and the traditional method were consistent. In the future, well-resolved 2D density boundaries from AI can be used to reconstruct density surfaces and enable studies focused on variations in rugosity and growth gradients across colony 3D space. We recommend the development of a community platform to share annotated images for AI.
Effect of process conditions on generation of hydrochloric acid and lithium hydroxide from simulated lithium chloride solution using bipolar membrane electrodialysis
Authors: Tian Huan , Yan Xinxing , Zhou Fu , Xu Chuan , Li Chao , Chen Xin , He Xia 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA feasibility study was carried out on generation of hydrochloric acid and lithium hydroxide from the simulated lithium chloride solution using EX3B model bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BMED). The influence of a series of process parameters, such as feed concentration, initial acid and base concentration in device component, feed solution volume, and current density were investigated. In addition, the maximum achievable concentrations of HCl and LiOH, the average current efficiency, and specific energy consumption were also studied and compared in this paper to the existing literature. Higher LiCl concentrations in the feed solution were found to be beneficial in increasing the final concentrations of HCl and LiOH, as well as improving current efficiency while decreasing specific energy consumption. However, when its concentration was less than 4 g/L, the membrane stack voltage curve of BMED increased rapidly, attributed to the higher solution resistance. Also low initial concentration of acid and base employed in device component can improve the current efficiency. Increasing of the initial concentration of acid and base solution lowered energy consumption. Moreover, a high current density could rapidly increase HCl and LiOH concentration and enhance water movements of BMED process, but reduced the current efficiency. The maximum achievable concentration of HCl and LiOH generated from 130 g/L LiCl solution were close to 3.24 mol/L and 3.57 mol/L, respectively. In summary, the present study confirmed the feasible application for the generation of HCl and LiOH from simulated lithium chloride solution with BMED.
Anthropogenic land-use and environmental factors affecting the species richness and occurrence of carnivores in the Faragosa-Fura Landscape of Southern Rift Valley, Ethiopia
Authors: Gebo Berhanu , Takele Serekebirhan , Shibru Simon 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAnthropogenic land-use changes pose significant threats to the diversity and occurrence of wildlife species around the world. We investigated how land-use and environmental factors affect the richness and occurrence of carnivore species in the Faragosa-Fura Landscape of the Southern Rift Valley of Ethiopia. We used the line transect method to collect data, combining three complementary field survey techniques: sign survey, camera trapping, and opportunistic sighting surveys. We confirmed the presence of 12 carnivore species belonging to six families, including the vulnerable Felidae species Panthera pardus. More species were found in the family’s Felidae and Herpestidae, while Hyaenidae and Mustelidae were composed of a single species each. The two large-sized species identified were Panthera pardus and Crocuta crocuta. The species richness was the highest in wetlands, while it was the lowest in the settlement. The occurrence of most carnivores was negatively associated with agricultural land and settlements, while they were positively associated with wetlands and altitude. Genetta genetta had the highest occurrence, while Panthera pardus had the lowest in the area. We concluded that of the studied habitats, wetlands are the most important, and anthropogenic land-uses have a negative impact on species richness. Our findings provide valuable baseline data for stakeholders making critical conservation decisions as well as researchers conducting related ecological studies in a human-dominated landscape. Based on our findings, we propose a basic approach for integrating land management and wildlife conservation.Article Highlights

Twelve carnivore species belonging to six families were identified; only two were large-sized.

The species richness was the highest in wetlands, while it was the lowest in settlements and agricultural land.

Most species tended to have positive associations with higher altitudes and wetlands and negative associations with settlements, agricultural land, and roads.

Our finding highlights valuable baseline data for critical conservation decisions as well as researchers in a human-dominated landscape.
Do we still need psychological self-report questionnaires in the age of the Internet of Things?
Authors: Montag Christian , Dagum Paul , Hall Brian J. , Elhai Jon D. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDigital data are abundantly available for researchers in the age of the Internet of Things. In the psychological and psychiatric sciences such data can be used in myriad ways to obtain insights into mental states and traits. Most importantly, such data allow researchers to record and analyze behavior in a real-world context, a scientific approach which was expensive and difficult to conduct until only recently. Much research in recent years linked digital footprints to self-report questionnaire data, likely to demonstrate proof of concept(s)—for instance linking socializing on the smartphone to self-reported extraversion (a personality trait linked to socializing)—in the sciences investigating the human mind. The present perspective piece reflects on this approach by revisiting recent work which has been carried out mining smartphone log and social media data and questions if and when self-report data will still be of relevance in psychological/psychiatric research in the near future.
Progressing the construct of enjoyment: conceptualizing enjoyment as a proactive process
Authors: Kawabata Masato , Mallett Clifford J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEnjoyment is an important psychological construct in many life domains. Despite the importance of the construct, conceptual clarity in what enjoyment is remains elusive. The elusive understanding of enjoyment is probably caused by conceptual ambiguity of the construct and a confusion in the public usage between hedonic and eudaimonic qualities of positive feelings. The hedonic quality of positive feelings (e.g., fun) reflects the simple attainment of desires; whereas the eudaimonic quality of positive feelings (e.g., joy) reflects fulfilling or realizing one’s true nature through full functioning of one’s ability. To better understand this important construct of enjoyment, we conducted a focused review of relevant literature. In the first section, relevant literature was reviewed to identify conceptual ambiguities contributing to why enjoyment has remained an elusive construct in research. In the second section, an operational conceptualization of enjoyment was proposed from integrative perspectives to overcome the identified issues. We proposed operationally conceptualizing enjoyment asa proactive behavioral and psychological process towards the eudaimonic or hedonic qualities of positive feelings. In this process, the individual appraises the situation in a positive way and commits oneself to savoring the situation and engaging in the task to have positive feelings of joy and fun. We explained why the operational conceptualization is important and useful from theoretical, empirical, and practical perspectives. In doing so, we also proposed possible future research directions with the operational conceptualization of enjoyment.