bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and predictors of eating disorders: A cross-sectional survey of medical students at King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah
Authors: Ghamri Ranya A. , Alahmari Asma M , Alghamdi Lama S , Barashid Mada M , Alamoudi Sarah F 
Published: June 2022

Objectives: Eating disorders, such as anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are psychiatric and public health issues that are prevalent among medical students, especially females. This study’s objective was to examine the epidemiology of eating disorders, specifically their associated risk factors, such as body mass index (BMI), gender, academic year of studies, and socio-demographic factors among medical students at King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 417 medical students (138 males; 279 females) was conducted at King Abdul-Aziz University between January and April 2021. Participants were selected using a multi-stage random sampling method. The survey, which consisted of questions from the 26-item Eating Attitudes Test was distributed online using WhatsApp. Binomial logistic regression (univariate and multivariate) was used to identify the influencing factors on eating attitudes.
Results: Among the 417 medical students, the prevalence of eating disorders was 32.1%. Participants’ average age was 21.65±1.51 years. The BMIs of 54.4% of the students were within normal limits; 14.6 % of them were underweight, 19.2 % were overweight, and 11.8 % were obese. Female medical students (P=0.038, OR=1.62) and pre-clinical stage (P=0.007, OR=1.77) were significantly more likely to be associated with high risk on the EAT-26. A significant association was also found between overweight and obesity in the high-risk students (P=0.016, OR=1.69), but no significant association was found between ED risk and age (OR=0.65). The multivariate logistic regression models showed the most common predictors of EDs among the medical students were female gender and being overweight or obese (OR=2.02, OR=2.10, and OR=2.69, respectively).
Conclusion: Eating disorders are common among medical students. The strongest predictors of eating disorders among the study group were female gender in the pre-clinical stage and being overweight or obese. This study highlights an underrated health problem among Saudi medical students. The implementation of eating disorders preventive program during medical schools that target females may be helpful. Further research is needed to address the best preventive and treatment strategies for EDs among medical students.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.6.5033
How to cite this:Ghamri RA, Alahmari AM, Alghamdi LS, Alamoudi SF, Barashid MM. Prevalence and predictors of eating disorders:A cross-sectional survey of medical students at King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(6):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.6.5033
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
A randomized controlled trial of bedside ultrasound RUSH process to improve the quality of anesthesia for elderly emergency surgery patients
Authors: Liu Dawei , Chen Kun , Yao Yanfeng , Sun Jingfei 
Published: June 2022

Objectives: The rapid ultrasound in shock examination (RUSH process) is an assessment of patient’s heart function, volume status, and vasculature, which can help anesthesiologist understand the patient’s physical condition. In this study, the RUSH process was applied to elderly emergency surgery patients to evaluate whether it is beneficial to maintain the patient’s vital signs stable during the operation.
Methods: In this randomized controlled clinical study one hundred elderly patients who needed general anesthesia and emergency surgery from January 2021 to July 2021 were randomly divided into RUSH group (Group-A, n=52) and control group (Group-B, n=48). The main result include the area under the intraoperative blood pressure curve (AUC), liquid input, urine output, lactic acid levels, number of vasoactive drugs used.
Results: There were no significant differences in patients’ basic information, preoperative blood pressure, intraoperative blood loss, intraoperative fluid input, intraoperative blood transfusion, and urine output. Intraoperative systolic blood pressure less than 90mmHg AUC of Group-A is less than Group-B(P<0.05), diastolic blood pressure less than 60mmHg AUC of Group-A is less than Group-B(P<0.05). After the operation, the blood gas analysis lactic acid level in Group-A was lower than that in Group-B(P<0.05). Group-A used more vasoactive drugs than Group-B(P<0.05).
Conclusion: The bedside ultrasound RUSH process is of great significance for anesthesiologist to understand the preoperative physical condition of elderly emergency surgery patients, and is beneficial to maintain the stability of intraoperative vital signs.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.6.5104
How to cite this:Liu D, Chen K, Yao Y, Sun J. A randomized controlled trial of bedside ultrasound RUSH process to improve the quality of anesthesia for elderly emergency surgery patients. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(6):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.6.5104
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
COVID19 vaccination choice among Iraqi students at Al-Zahraa University for women
Authors: Hadi Al Kazzaz Hassan 
Published: June 2022

Background: COVID19 vaccine rejection is a global issue that most developing countries face. A study of COVID-19 vaccine preference among Al-Zahraa University female students will pave the way to resolving the issue of vaccine rejection among students. Vaccine hesitation refers to a delay in accepting or refusing immunization despite the fact that vaccination services are readily available. Students' preferences and refusals of the COVID19 vaccine were evaluated to determine the reasons for their decisions. Methods: This study involved 198 students from Al-Zahraa University for women. An observational cross-sectional study was conducted at Al-Zahraa University in Karbala, Iraq, to find out which Health and Medical Technology students preferred the COVID19 vaccine. Tests based on statistics made use of frequency and rate data. Results: Most students (95%) were over the age of 19. The COVID-19 vaccine was rejected by 138 people (70.4%). A total of 43 students (28.5%) believed that the COVID19 vaccine may not be completely safe. 49.3% of students were not aware of the differences between the various types of vaccines. Pfizer was the most preferred by 64 (34.8%), AstraZeneca by 17 (9.2%), and Chinse-Sinovac by only 11 (6%). 20 students (16.4%) believed that with the vaccine they could return to life as it was before the COVID-19 pandemic. Covid-19 vaccine acceptance among Al-Zahara University students may be low in part because of myths, and partly because of the fear of side-effects associated with the vaccine. Conclusion: Information about COVID-19 vaccines should be transparently communicated to the media by health authorities to help the public make informed decisions.
Not Ready for Prime Time: Financial Reporting Quality After SPAC Mergers
Authors: Kim Jaewoo , Park Seyoung , Peterson Kyle , Wilson Ryan 
Published: June 2022

We examine the financial reporting quality of special purpose acquisition corporations (SPACs) following a successful merger. We compare a sample of SPACs with completed mergers from 2006 to 2020 to initial public offering (IPO) firms in the same industry covering the same period. Compared with similar IPO firms, SPACs are more likely to restate their financial statements and have internal control weaknesses. We also find that SPACs are more likely to file untimely financial statements, amend previously issued filings, and have comment letters that go more rounds with the Securities and Exchange Commission. This lower reporting quality also results in less informative earnings to investors. Our evidence corroborates concerns from the media, accounting firms, and regulators that SPACs exhibit low financial reporting quality in comparison with IPOs. This paper was accepted by Suraj Srinivasan, accounting.
Design of an all-optical insulator-metal-insulator and metal-insulator-metal Feynman logic gates
Authors: Abbasi Mahmoud , Sadeghi Mojtaba , Adelpour Zahra 
Published: June 2022

In this paper, two Feynman logic gates based on insulator-metal-insulator (IMI) and metal-insulator-metal (MIM) waveguides are proposed. The gates are modeled using the finite-difference time-domain method. The IMI-based Feynman gate shows high extinction ratio (ER) values of 11.06 dB and 7.61 dB for the output bits

P

and

Q

, respectively. The ER values of the MIM-based Feynman gate are also 12.83 dB and 7.29 dB for the output bits

P

and

Q

, respectively. The footprint of the gates is less than

2

µ

m

2

. The proposed gates benefit from high ERs in the wavelength range of 1.5–1.6 µm (band C), ultra-compact footprints, and CMOS-compatible structures, which make them potential candidates for use in integrated photonic circuits.
Engagement in HIV services over time among young women who sell sex in Zimbabwe
Authors: Napierala Sue , Chabata Sungai T. , Davey Calum , Fearon Elizabeth , Busza Joanna , Mushati Phillis , Mugurungi Owen , Hatzold Karin , Cambiano Valentina , Phillips Andrew , Hargreaves James R. , Cowan Frances M. 
Published: June 2022

IntroductionYoung female sex workers (FSW) are disproportionately vulnerable to HIV. Zimbabwe data show higher HIV incidence and lower engagement in services compared to older FSW. Utilizing data from a combination HIV prevention and treatment intervention, we describe engagement in the HIV services over time among FSW 18–24 years, compared to those ≥25 years of age.Materials and methodsData were collected via respondent-driven sampling (RDS) surveys in 14 communities in 2013 and 2016, with >2500 FSW per survey. They included blood samples for HIV and viral load testing. As the intervention had no significant impact on HIV care cascade outcomes, data were aggregated across study arms. Analyses used RDS-II estimation.ResultsMean age in 2013 and 2016 was 31 and 33 years, with 27% and 17% aged 18–24 years. Overall HIV prevalence was 59% at each timepoint, and 35% and 36% among younger FSW. From 2013 to 2016 there was an increase in young HIV-positive FSW knowing their status (38% vs 60%, OR = 2.51, p<0.01). Outcomes for all FSW improved significantly over time at all steps of the cascade, and the relative change over time was similar among older versus younger FSW for most cascade variables.DiscussionYoung FSW had improvements in care cascade outcomes, and proportionate improvements similar to older FSW, yet they remain less engaged in services overall. This implies that the dedicated FSW services in Zimbabwe are having a comparably positive impact across age groups, however more is likely required to address young FSW’s unique vulnerabilities and needs.
Impact of acute temperature and air pollution exposures on adult lung function: A panel study of asthmatics
Authors: Evoy Richard , Kincl Laurel , Rohlman Diana , Bramer Lisa M. , Dixon Holly M. , Hystad Perry , Bae Harold , Barton Michael , Phillips Aaron , Miller Rachel L. , Waters Katrina M. , Herbstman Julie B. , Anderson Kim A. 
Published: June 2022

Background
Individuals with respiratory conditions, such as asthma, are particularly susceptible to adverse health effects associated with higher levels of ambient air pollution and temperature. This study evaluates whether hourly levels of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and dry bulb globe temperature (DBGT) are associated with the lung function of adult participants with asthma.

Methods and findings
Global positioning system (GPS) location, respiratory function (measured as forced expiratory volume at 1 second (FEV1)), and self-reports of asthma medication usage and symptoms were collected as part of the Exposure, Location, and Lung Function (ELF) study. Hourly ambient PM2.5 and DBGT exposures were estimated by integrating air quality and temperature public records with time-activity patterns using GPS coordinates for each participant (n = 35). The relationships between acute PM2.5, DBGT, rescue bronchodilator use, and lung function collected in one week periods and over two seasons (summer/winter) were analyzed by multivariate regression, using different exposure time frames.
In separate models, increasing levels in PM2.5, but not DBGT, were associated with rescue bronchodilator use. Conversely DBGT, but not PM2.5, had a significant association with FEV1. When DBGT and PM2.5 exposures were placed in the same model, the strongest association between cumulative PM2.5 exposures and the use of rescue bronchodilator was identified at the 0–24 hours (OR = 1.030; 95% CI = 1.012–1.049; p-value = 0.001) and 0–48 hours (OR = 1.030; 95% CI = 1.013–1.057; p-value = 0.001) prior to lung function measure. Conversely, DBGT exposure at 0 hours (β = 3.257; SE = 0.879; p-value>0.001) and 0–6 hours (β = 2.885; SE = 0.903; p-value = 0.001) hours before a reading were associated with FEV1. No significant interactions between DBGT and PM2.5 were observed for rescue bronchodilator use or FEV1.

Conclusions
Short-term increases in PM2.5 were associated with increased rescue bronchodilator use, while DBGT was associated with higher lung function (i.e. FEV1). Further studies are needed to continue to elucidate the mechanisms of acute exposure to PM2.5 and DBGT on lung function in asthmatics.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of implementing screening on preterm pre-eclampsia at first trimester of pregnancy in Germany and Switzerland
Authors: Mewes Janne C. , Lindenberg Melanie , Vrijhoef Hubertus J. M. 
Published: June 2022

ObjectiveTo assess the cost-effectiveness of preterm preeclampsia (PE) screening versus routine screening based on maternal characteristics in Germany and Switzerland.MethodsA health economic model was used to analyse the cost-effectiveness of PE screening versus routine screening based on maternal characteristics. The analysis was conducted from the healthcare perspective with a time horizon of one year from the start of pregnancy. The main outcome measures were incremental health care costs and incremental costs per PE case averted.ResultsThe incremental health care costs for PE screening versus routine screening per woman were €14 in Germany, and -CHF42 in Switzerland, the latter representing cost savings. In Germany, the incremental costs per PE case averted were €3,795. In Switzerland, PE screening was dominant. The most influential parameter in the one-way sensitivity analysis was the cost of PE screening (Germany) and the probability of preterm PE in routine screening (Switzerland). In Germany, at a willingness-to-pay for one PE case avoided of €4,200, PE screening had a probability of more than 50% of being cost-effective compared to routine screening. In Switzerland, at a willingness-to-pay of CHF0, PE screening had a 78% probability of being the most cost-effective screening strategy.ConclusionFor Switzerland, PE screening is expected to be cost saving in comparison to routine screening. For Germany, the additional health care costs per woman were expected to be €14. Future cost-effectiveness studies should be conducted with a longer time horizon.
Etiology of acute febrile illnesses in Southern China: Findings from a two-year sentinel surveillance project, 2017–2019
Authors: Rainey Jeanette J. , Siesel Casey , Guo Xiafang , Yi Lina , Zhang Yuzhi , Wu Shuyu , Cohen Adam L. , Liu Jie , Houpt Eric , Fields Barry , Yang Zhonghua , Ke Changwen 
Published: June 2022

Background
Southern China is at risk for arborvirus disease transmission, including Zika virus and dengue. Patients often present to clinical care with non-specific acute febrile illnesses (AFI). To better describe the etiology of AFI, we implemented a two-year AFI surveillance project at five sentinel hospitals in Yunnan and Guangdong Provinces.

Methods
Between June 2017 and August 2019, we enrolled patients between 2 and 65 years of age presenting at one sentinel hospital in Mengla County, Yunnan, and four in Jiangmen City, Guangdong, with symptoms of AFI (acute onset of fever ≥ 37.5°C within the past 7 days) without respiratory symptoms or diarrhea. Demographic, epidemiologic, and clinical information was obtained and entered into a web-based AFI surveillance database. A custom TaqMan Array card (TAC) was used to test patients’ whole blood specimens for 27 different pathogens using real-time polymerase chain reaction assays.

Results
During the two-year project period, 836 patients were enrolled; 443 patients from Mengla County and 393 patients from Jiangmen City. The median age was 33 years [range: 2–65], and most were hospitalized [641, 77%]. Of 796 patients with valid TAC results, 341 (43%) were positive for at least one of the 10 unique pathogens detected. This included 205 (26%) patients positive for dengue virus, 60 (8%) for Orientia tsutsugamushi, and 42 (5%) for Coxiella burnetii. Ten patients (1%) in Jiangmen City tested positive for malaria, 8 of whom reported recent travel outside of China. TAC results were negative for 455 (57%) patients. None of the patients had a positive TAC detection for Zika virus.

Conclusions
The project detected variability in the etiology of AFI in Southern China and highlighted the importance of differential diagnosis. Dengue, O. tsutsugamushi, and C. burnetii were the most frequently identified pathogens among enrolled AFI patients. As a non-notifiable disease, the frequent detection of C. burnetii is noteworthy and warrants additional investigation. The project provided a framework for routine surveillance for persons presenting with AFI.
A Hepatitis C virus genotype 1b post-transplant isolate with high replication efficiency in cell culture and its adaptation to infectious virus production in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Heuss Christian , Rothhaar Paul , Burm Rani , Lee Ji-Young , Ralfs Philipp , Haselmann Uta , Ströh Luisa J. , Colasanti Ombretta , Tran Cong Si , Schäfer Noemi , Schnitzler Paul , Merle Uta , Bartenschlager Ralf , Patel Arvind H. , Graw Frederik , Krey Thomas , Laketa Vibor , Meuleman Philip , Lohmann Volker 
Published: June 2022

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is highly diverse and grouped into eight genotypes (gts). Infectious cell culture models are limited to a few subtypes and isolates, hampering the development of prophylactic vaccines. A consensus gt1b genome (termed GLT1) was generated from an HCV infected liver-transplanted patient. GLT1 replicated to an outstanding efficiency in Huh7 cells upon SEC14L2 expression, by use of replication enhancing mutations or with a previously developed inhibitor-based regimen. RNA replication levels almost reached JFH-1, but full-length genomes failed to produce detectable amounts of infectious virus. Long-term passaging led to the adaptation of a genome carrying 21 mutations and concomitant production of high levels of transmissible infectivity (GLT1cc). During the adaptation, GLT1 spread in the culture even in absence of detectable amounts of free virus, likely due to cell-to-cell transmission, which appeared to substantially contribute to spreading of other isolates as well. Mechanistically, genome replication and particle production efficiency were enhanced by adaptation, while cell entry competence of HCV pseudoparticles was not affected. Furthermore, GLT1cc retained the ability to replicate in human liver chimeric mice, which was critically dependent on a mutation in domain 3 of nonstructural protein NS5A. Over the course of infection, only one mutation in the surface glycoprotein E2 consistently reverted to wildtype, facilitating assembly in cell culture but potentially affecting CD81 interaction in vivo.
Overall, GLT1cc is an efficient gt1b infectious cell culture model, paving the road to a rationale-based establishment of new infectious HCV isolates and represents an important novel tool for the development of prophylactic HCV vaccines.
Desinformación y bodegas en Twitter. El hallazgo de falsos positivos en Dabeiba, Colombia
Authors: Rincón-Martínez Maria-Paula 
Published: June 2022

La presente investigación analiza el contenido de la campaña de desinformación y de deslegitimización que se generó en Twitter, alrededor del hallazgo de los Falsos Positivos (ejecuciones extrajudiciales cometidas por miembros del Ejército colombiano) enterrados en el cementerio Las Mercedes en Dabeiba, Colombia y su posible relación con bodegas, mejor conocidas como tropas cibernéticas. Para ello, se realizó un análisis cualitativo a 602 publicaciones a través de las herramientas MAXQDA, Leingmotif y Botometer; lo que permitió identificar la narrativa, las categorías argumentativas, el sentimiento predominante que se buscaba exaltar y los actores involucrados. En los resultados se evidencia la participación de bodegas como una maquinaria que busca desvirtuar la memoria histórica, atacar a la JEP, obstaculizar la búsqueda de la verdad y la construcción de paz en el país.
A Rare Case Report of Sirenomelia
Authors: Pramod Kumar Sahu  
Published: June 2022

Sirenomelia, which is also known as mermaid syndrome, is an extremely rare congenital developmental disorder characterized by anomalies of the lower spine and the lower limbs. Affected infants are born with partial or complete fusion of the legs. Additional malformations may also occur including genitourinary abnormalities, gastrointestinal abnormalities, anomalies of the lumbar-sacral spine and pelvis and absence or underdevelopment (agenesis) of one or both kidneys. Affected infants may have one foot, no feet or both feet, which may be rotated externally. The tailbone is usually absent, and the sacrum is partially or completely absent as well. Additional conditions may occur with sirenomelia including imperforate anus, spina bifida, and heart (cardiac) malformations. The incidence of sirenomelia is 8-1 case/100000[1] births with male to female ratio being 3:1.[2] Sirenomelia has no definite cause, almost all cases occur without any reason.
Previously, some literatures mentioned that sirenomelia is the severe form of caudal regression syndrome and has many developmental disorders. Recently much literature mentioned sirenomelia is similar but a different disorder. NORD has a different report on caudal regression syndrome.
Working Capital Management and Profitability of Manufacturing Public Company in Indonesia
Authors: Agustiyana Rahma Ayu 
Published: June 2022

Abstract. This research studied the causative link between working capital management (WCM) and return on assets (ROA) in consumer goods companies listed on The Indonesian Stock Exchange. Days Sales of Inventory (DSI), Days Sales Outstanding (DSO), Days Payable Outstanding (DPO) and Cash Conversion Cycle (CCC) were used as WCM metrics. The study was based on micro-data for 39 consumer goods companies with period from 2015 – 2019. By using multiple regression and correlations analysis, the study shows that extending DSO and DPO had a profitable impact on ROA and extending the DSI and CCC had an adverse impact on ROA in consumer goods companies. Keywords : consumer goods industry, profitability, working capital management
On geometric properties of certain subclasses of univalent functions defined by Noor integral operator
Authors: Amini E. , Al-Omari Shrideh , Rahmatan H. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we investigate subclasses of univalent functions over

|
z
|

<
1

\lvert z\rvert<1

, using the characterization of starlikeness and Noor integral operator defined by convolution of analytic functions.
We also give coefficient bounds for the class of 𝛼-spiral function of order 𝜌 and 𝑘-uniformly 𝛼-spirallike functions.
Moreover, we provide some examples of univalent functions to illustrate our results.