bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sucroferric oxyhydroxide for hyperphosphatemia: a review of real-world evidence
Authors: Coyne Daniel W. , Sprague Stuart M. , Vervloet Marc , Ramos Rosa , Kalantar-Zadeh Kamyar 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHyperphosphatemia is a common complication in dialysis-dependent patients with chronic kidney disease. Most dialysis-dependent patients need oral phosphate binder therapy to control serum phosphorus concentrations. Most phosphate binders have a high daily pill burden, which may reduce treatment adherence and impair phosphorus control. Sucroferric oxyhydroxide is a potent iron-based phosphate binder approved for use in dialysis-dependent patients in 2013. A randomized controlled trial of sucroferric oxyhydroxide demonstrated its efficacy for reduction of serum phosphorus with a lower pill burden than sevelamer carbonate. Clinical trials carefully select patients, monitor adherence, and routinely titrate medications to a protocol-defined goal. Consequently, trials may not reflect real-world use of medications. Since its approval, we and others have performed retrospective and prospective analyses of sucroferric oxyhydroxide in real-world clinical practice in > 6400 hemodialysis and approximately 500 peritoneal dialysis patients in the USA and Europe. Consistent with the clinical trial data, real-world observational studies have demonstrated that sucroferric oxyhydroxide can effectively reduce serum phosphorus with a lower daily pill burden than most other phosphate binders. These studies have also shown sucroferric oxyhydroxide provides effective serum phosphorus control in different treatment settings, including as monotherapy in phosphate binder-naïve patients, in patients switching from other phosphate binders, or when used in combination with other phosphate binders. These observational studies indicate a favorable safety and tolerability profile, and minimal, if any, systemic iron absorption. This article reviews the key results from these observational studies of sucroferric oxyhydroxide and evaluates its role in the management of hyperphosphatemia in clinical practice.
Three-dimensional complex architectures observed in shock processed amino acid mixtures
Authors: Singh Surendra V. , Vishakantaiah Jayaram , Meka Jaya K. , Muruganantham Mariyappan , Thiruvenkatam Vijay , Sivaprahasam Vijayan , Rajasekhar Balabhadrapatruni N. , Bhardwaj Anil , Mason Nigel J. , Sivaraman Bhalamurugan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Asteroid and cometary impacts have been considered one of the possible routes for exogenous delivery of organics to the early Earth. It is well established that amino acids can be synthesized due to impact-driven shock processesing of simple molecules and that amino acids can survive the extreme conditions of impact events. In the present study, we simulate impact-induced shock conditions utilizing a shock tube that can maintain a reflected shock temperature of about 5,500 K for 2 ms time scale. We have performed shock processing of various combinations of amino acids with subsequent morphological analysis carried out using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), revealing that the shock processed amino acids demonstrate an extensive range of complex structures. These results provide evidence for the further evolution of amino acids in impact-induced shock environments leading to the formation of complex structures and thus providing a pathway for the origin of life.
Recovery of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions in coronavirus disease 2019 patients: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Taziki Balajelini M H , Vakili M A , Rajabi A , Mohammadi M , Tabarraei A , Hosseini S M 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to determine the association of some demographic and clinical factors with recovery from olfactory and gustatory dysfunction in coronavirus disease 2019 patients in Iran.MethodsThis prospective cohort study was performed on 242 coronavirus disease 2019 patients with olfactory and gustatory dysfunction. The time from onset to recovery for olfactory and gustatory dysfunction was estimated by the Kaplan–Meier estimator.ResultsAfter six months, 239 patients (98.8 per cent) had completely recovered from olfactory dysfunction. Olfactory and gustatory dysfunction symptoms resolved in 80.99 per cent and 83.56 per cent of the patients, respectively, within the first 30 days of symptom onset. Mean recovery time for olfactory dysfunction (35.07 ± 4.25 days) was significantly longer in those infected during the first epidemic wave compared with those infected during the second wave (21.65 ± 2.05 days) (p = 0.004). A similar pattern in recovery time was observed for cases of gustatory dysfunction (p = 0.005).ConclusionThe recovery rate for coronavirus disease 2019 related olfactory and gustatory dysfunction is high within the first month of symptom onset.
inML Kit: empowering the prototyping of ML-enhanced products by involving designers in the ML lifecycle
Authors: Sun Lingyun , Zhang Yuyang , Li Zhuoshu , Zhou Zihong , Zhou Zhibin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMachine learning (ML) is increasingly used to enhance intelligent products in the field of product design. However, ML has a never-ending lifecycle in which its capabilities and technical properties iteratively change as new annotated data are utilized. The never-ending lifecycle of ML (which includes data annotation, model training, and other steps) has led to challenges to the prototyping of ML-enhanced products and requires a high level of ML literacy in designers. To facilitate the prototyping of ML-enhanced products and improve the ML literacy of designers, we draw inspiration from a design method called Material Lifecycle Thinking (MLT), which regards ML as a continuously evolving design material. Based on the MLT, we proposed a cyclical prototype workflow and developed inML Kit, a toolkit enabling designers to make functional ML prototypes and improve ML literacy by involving them in the never-ending ML lifecycle. The toolkit was designed, iterated, and implemented through the participatory design process with experienced designers in this field. We evaluated inML Kit by conducting a controlled user study where our toolkit was compared with Google AIY. The evaluation results imply that our inML Kit helps designers to make functional ML prototypes while improving their ML literacy.
Effects of the COVID‐19 Pandemic on Authors and Reviewers of American Geophysical Union Journals
Authors: Wooden Paige , Hanson Brooks 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic affected the scientific workforce in many ways. Many worried that stay‐at‐home orders would disproportionately harm the productivity and well‐being of women and early‐career scientists, who were expected to shoulder more childcare, homeschooling, and other domestic duties while also interrupting field and lab research, essential for career advancement. AGU journal submission and author and reviewer demographic data allowed us to investigate the effect the pandemic may have had on many Earth and space scientists, especially on women and early career scientists. However, we found that submissions to AGU journals increased during the pandemic as did total submissions from women (with no difference in the proportion). Although the rate at which women agreed to review decreased slightly (down 0.5%), women still made up a larger proportion of agreed reviewers during the pandemic compared to 2 years earlier. Little difference was seen overall in median times to complete reviews except with women in their 40s and 70s, suggesting that they were affected more during the pandemic than other age and gender groups. Although AGU's data do not show that the effects of the pandemic decreased women's participation in AGU journals, the lag between research and writing/submitting may still be seen in later months, which we will continue to report on as we analyze the data. The stay‐at‐home orders may also have allowed people to devote time to writing up research conducted prepandemic; writing too can be done during down‐time hours, which may have supported the increase in submissions to and reviews for AGU journals.
Atmospheric River Precipitation Enhanced by Climate Change: A Case Study of the Storm That Contributed to California's Oroville Dam Crisis
Authors: Michaelis Allison C. , Gershunov Alexander , Weyant Alexander , Fish Meredith A. , Shulgina Tamara , Ralph F. Martin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAn increasingly volatile hydroclimate increases California's reliance on precipitation from atmospheric rivers (ARs) for water resources. Here, we simulate the AR that contributed to the Oroville Dam crisis in early February 2017 under global climate conditions representing preindustrial, present‐day, mid‐, and late‐21st century environments. This event consisted of two distinct AR pulses: the first snowy, westerly, and cool followed by a southwesterly and warm pulse resulting in copious rain‐on‐snow. We estimate that climate change to date results in ∼11% and ∼15% increase in precipitation over the Feather River Basin in Northern California for the first and second pulses, respectively, with late‐21st century enhancements upwards of ∼21% and ∼59%, respectively. Although both pulses were enhanced by the imposed climate changes, the thermodynamic response and subsequent precipitation increases were most substantial during the second pulse. The disparate changes demonstrated here highlight that not all ARs will respond similarly in a warmer world.
DDR1 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis through recruiting PSD4 to ARF6
Authors: Zhang Xiaochao , Hu Yabing , Pan Yonglong , Xiong Yixiao , Zhang Yuxin , Han Mengzhen , Dong Keshuai , Song Jia , Liang Huifang , Ding Zeyang , Zhang Xuewu , Zhu He , Liu Qiumeng , Lu Xun , Feng Yongdong , Chen Xiaoping , Zhang Zhanguo , Zhang Bixiang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDiscoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1) is a member of the receptor tyrosine kinase family, and its ligand is collagen. Previous studies demonstrated that DDR1 is highly expressed in many tumors. However, its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains obscure. In this study, we found that DDR1 was upregulated in HCC tissues, and the expression of DDR1 in TNM stage II-IV was higher than that in TNM stage I in HCC tissues, and high DDR1 expression was associated with poor prognosis. Gene expression analysis showed that DDR1 target genes were functionally involved in HCC metastasis. DDR1 positively regulated the migration and invasion of HCC cells and promoted lung metastasis. Human Phospho-Kinase Array showed that DDR1 activated ERK/MAPK signaling pathway. Mechanically, DDR1 interacted with ARF6 and activated ARF6 through recruiting PSD4. The kinase activity of DDR1 was required for ARF6 activation and its role in metastasis. High expression of PSD4 was associated with poor prognosis in HCC. In summary, our findings indicate that DDR1 promotes HCC metastasis through collagen induced DDR1 signaling mediated PSD4/ARF6 signaling, suggesting that DDR1 and ARF6 may serve as novel prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for metastatic HCC.
Lymphocyte infiltration and thyrocyte destruction are driven by stromal and immune cell components in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
Authors: Zhang Qian-Yue , Ye Xiao-Ping , Zhou Zheng , Zhu Chen-Fang , Li Rui , Fang Ya , Zhang Rui-Jia , Li Lu , Liu Wei , Wang Zheng , Song Shi-Yang , Lu Sang-Yu , Zhao Shuang-Xia , Lin Jian-Nan , Song Huai-Dong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) is the most common autoimmune disease characterized by lymphocytic infiltration and thyrocyte destruction. Dissection of the interaction between the thyroidal stromal microenvironment and the infiltrating immune cells might lead to a better understanding of HT pathogenesis. Here we show, using single-cell RNA-sequencing, that three thyroidal stromal cell subsets, ACKR1+endothelial cells and CCL21+myofibroblasts and CCL21+fibroblasts, contribute to the thyroidal tissue microenvironment in HT. These cell types occupy distinct histological locations within the thyroid gland. Our experiments suggest that they might facilitate lymphocyte trafficking from the blood to thyroid tissues, and T cell zone CCL21+fibroblasts may also promote the formation of tertiary lymphoid organs characteristic to HT. Our study also demonstrates the presence of inflammatory macrophages and dendritic cells expressing high levels of IL-1β in the thyroid, which may contribute to thyrocyte destruction in HT patients. Our findings thus provide a deeper insight into the cellular interactions that might prompt the pathogenesis of HT.
Selenophosphate synthetase 1 deficiency exacerbates osteoarthritis by dysregulating redox homeostasis
Authors: Kang Donghyun , Lee Jeeyeon , Jung Jisu , Carlson Bradley A. , Chang Moon Jong , Chang Chong Bum , Kang Seung-Baik , Lee Byung Cheon , Gladyshev Vadim N. , Hatfield Dolph L. , Lee Byeong Jae , Kim Jin-Hong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAging and mechanical overload are prominent risk factors for osteoarthritis (OA), which lead to an imbalance in redox homeostasis. The resulting state of oxidative stress drives the pathological transition of chondrocytes during OA development. However, the specific molecular pathways involved in disrupting chondrocyte redox homeostasis remain unclear. Here, we show that selenophosphate synthetase 1 (SEPHS1) expression is downregulated in human and mouse OA cartilage. SEPHS1 downregulation impairs the cellular capacity to synthesize a class of selenoproteins with oxidoreductase functions in chondrocytes, thereby elevating the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and facilitating chondrocyte senescence. Cartilage-specific Sephs1 knockout in adult mice causes aging-associated OA, and augments post-traumatic OA, which is rescued by supplementation of N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Selenium-deficient feeding and Sephs1 knockout have synergistic effects in exacerbating OA pathogenesis in mice. Therefore, we propose that SEPHS1 is an essential regulator of selenium metabolism and redox homeostasis, and its dysregulation governs the progression of OA.
Development and validation of a prognostic and predictive 32-gene signature for gastric cancer
Authors: Cheong Jae-Ho , Wang Sam C. , Park Sunho , Porembka Matthew R. , Christie Alana L. , Kim Hyunki , Kim Hyo Song , Zhu Hong , Hyung Woo Jin , Noh Sung Hoon , Hu Bo , Hong Changjin , Karalis John D. , Kim In-Ho , Lee Sung Hak , Hwang Tae Hyun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractGenomic profiling can provide prognostic and predictive information to guide clinical care. Biomarkers that reliably predict patient response to chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibition in gastric cancer are lacking. In this retrospective analysis, we use our machine learning algorithm NTriPath to identify a gastric-cancer specific 32-gene signature. Using unsupervised clustering on expression levels of these 32 genes in tumors from 567 patients, we identify four molecular subtypes that are prognostic for survival. We then built a support vector machine with linear kernel to generate a risk score that is prognostic for five-year overall survival and validate the risk score using three independent datasets. We also find that the molecular subtypes predict response to adjuvant 5-fluorouracil and platinum therapy after gastrectomy and to immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with metastatic or recurrent disease. In sum, we show that the 32-gene signature is a promising prognostic and predictive biomarker to guide the clinical care of gastric cancer patients and should be validated using large patient cohorts in a prospective manner.
Prime editing efficiency and fidelity are enhanced in the absence of mismatch repair
Authors: Ferreira da Silva J. , Oliveira G. P. , Arasa-Verge E. A. , Kagiou C. , Moretton A. , Timelthaler G. , Jiricny J. , Loizou J. I. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPrime editing (PE) is a powerful genome engineering approach that enables the introduction of base substitutions, insertions and deletions into any given genomic locus. However, the efficiency of PE varies widely and depends not only on the genomic region targeted, but also on the genetic background of the edited cell. Here, to determine which cellular factors affect PE efficiency, we carry out a focused genetic screen targeting 32 DNA repair factors, spanning all reported repair pathways. We show that, depending on cell line and type of edit, ablation of mismatch repair (MMR) affords a 2–17 fold increase in PE efficiency, across several human cell lines, types of edits and genomic loci. The accumulation of the key MMR factors MLH1 and MSH2 at PE sites argues for direct involvement of MMR in PE control. Our results shed new light on the mechanism of PE and suggest how its efficiency might be optimised.
Early prediction of preeclampsia in pregnancy with cell-free RNA
Authors: Moufarrej Mira N. , Vorperian Sevahn K. , Wong Ronald J. , Campos Ana A. , Quaintance Cecele C. , Sit Rene V. , Tan Michelle , Detweiler Angela M. , Mekonen Honey , Neff Norma F. , Baruch-Gravett Courtney , Litch James A. , Druzin Maurice L. , Winn Virginia D. , Shaw Gary M. , Stevenson David K. , Quake Stephen R. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLiquid biopsies that measure circulating cell-free RNA (cfRNA) offer an opportunity to study the development of pregnancy-related complications in a non-invasive manner and to bridge gaps in clinical care1–4. Here we used 404 blood samples from 199 pregnant mothers to identify and validate cfRNA transcriptomic changes that are associated with preeclampsia, a multi-organ syndrome that is the second largest cause of maternal death globally5. We find that changes in cfRNA gene expression between normotensive and preeclamptic mothers are marked and stable early in gestation, well before the onset of symptoms. These changes are enriched for genes specific to neuromuscular, endothelial and immune cell types and tissues that reflect key aspects of preeclampsia physiology6–9, suggest new hypotheses for disease progression and correlate with maternal organ health. This enabled the identification and independent validation of a panel of 18 genes that when measured between 5 and 16 weeks of gestation can form the basis of a liquid biopsy test that would identify mothers at risk of preeclampsia long before clinical symptoms manifest themselves. Tests based on these observations could help predict and manage who is at risk for preeclampsia—an important objective for obstetric care10,11.
Frequency and clinical significance of chromosomal inversions prenatally diagnosed by second trimester amniocentesis
Authors: Chien Chih-Wei , Chao An-Shine , Chang Yao-Lung , Chen Kuan-Ju , Peng Hsiu-Huei , Lin Yu-Ting , Chao Angel , Chang Shuenn-Dyh 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTo compare the frequency and clinical significance of familial and de novo chromosomal inversions during prenatal diagnosis. This was a retrospective study of inversions diagnosed prenatally in an Asian population by applying conventional GTG-banding to amniocyte cultures. Data from 2005 to 2019 were extracted from a single-center laboratory database. The types, frequencies, and inheritance patterns of multiple inversions were analyzed. Pericentric variant inversions of chromosome 9 or Y were excluded. In total, 56 (0.27%) fetuses with inversions were identified in the 15-year database of 21,120 confirmative diagnostic procedures. Pericentric and paracentric inversions accounted for 62.5% (35/56) and 37.5% of the inversions, respectively. Familial inversions accounted for nearly 90% of cases, and de novo mutation was identified in two pericentric and two paracentric cases. Inversions were most frequently identified on chromosomes 1 and 2 (16.1% of all inversions), followed by chromosomes 6, 7, and 10 (8.9% of all cases). The indications for invasive testing were as follows: advanced maternal age (67.3%), abnormal ultrasound findings (2.1%), abnormal serum aneuploidy screening (20.4%), and other indications (10.2%). The mode of inheritance was available for 67.9% of cases (38/56), with 89.5% of inversions being inherited (34/38). A slight preponderance of inheritance in female fetuses was observed. Three patients with inherited inversions opted for termination (two had severe central nervous system lesions and one had thalassemia major). Gestation continued for 53 fetuses, who exhibited no structural defects at birth or significant developmental problems a year after birth. Our study indicates that approximately 90% of prenatally diagnosed inversions involve familial inheritance, are spreading, and behave like founder effect mutations in this isolated population on an island. This finding can help to alleviate anxiety during prenatal counseling, which further underscores the importance of parental chromosomal analysis, further genetic studies, and appropriate counseling in cases where a nonfamilial inversion is diagnosed.
Microstrip sensor and methodology for the determination of complex anisotropic permittivity using perturbation techniques
Authors: Morales-Lovera Hector-Noel , Olvera-Cervantes Jose-Luis , Perez-Ramos Aldo-Eleazar , Corona-Chavez Alonso , Saavedra Carlos E. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this work, a sensor in microstrip technology and a methodology for measuring the real part and the imaginary part of the complex uniaxial permittivity of solid anisotropic samples are presented. The sensor is based on a pair of parallel lines coupled resonators and a cleft arranged in the coupling region which allows to hold the samples under test (SUTs). The proposed methodology relates the change in the even/odd resonance frequency with the real part of the permittivity in the vertical/horizontal direction, and the change in the Q factor of the even/odd mode with the imaginary part of the permittivity in the vertical/horizontal direction. The methodology was successfully verified with the characterization, at 2.43 GHz of anisotropic samples of printed PLA, Diclad 880, and RO4350B using the knowns materials: RT5870, PTFE and RO4003.
Suppression of anthropogenic secondary organic aerosol formation by isoprene
Authors: Li Kangwei , Zhang Xin , Zhao Bin , Bloss William J. , Lin Chao , White Stephen , Yu Hai , Chen Linghong , Geng Chunmei , Yang Wen , Azzi Merched , George Christian , Bai Zhipeng 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSecondary organic aerosol (SOA) represents a major fraction of atmospheric fine particles. Both biogenic and anthropogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) can contribute to SOA through (photo-) oxidation. However, the current understanding of their combined, interactive effect on SOA formation and composition is still limited, challenging the accuracy in assessing global SOA budget, sources, and climate effect. Here we combine laboratory experiments and modelling to show that isoprene can suppress SOA formation from photo-oxidation of anthropogenic aromatics (toluene and p-xylene) with the presence of NOx, and similar SOA suppression phenomena are observed when replacing isoprene with propene. We find that the decreased SOA in such mixed-VOC conditions can be largely attributed to OH scavenging effect, resulting in reduced consumption of parent aromatics. However, various changes in SOA oxidation state (i.e., O/C) and oxidation pathways (i.e., more carbonyls formation) are observed following addition of isoprene, and the SOA chemical composition may not be similar to any single parent hydrocarbon, which implies the existence of complex interactions between the degradation chemistry for alkenes and aromatics. Under the conditions of this work, the OH scavenging effect is largely determined by gas-phase chemistry, which is expected to be widespread in binary or more complex systems in ambient air. More broadly, we infer that the global budget of anthropogenic SOA and its corresponding radiative forcing could be affected by biogenic emission of isoprene, particularly in urban environments with appreciable vegetation coverage.