bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An analysis of obstetric practices and outcomes in a deep rural district hospital in South Africa
Authors: Asghar Adam Konrad , Nkabinde Thandaza Cyril , Naidoo Mergan 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundInternationally, there has been a focus on ensuring that Caesarean deliveries are performed only when indicated, to ensure the best outcome for mother and baby. In South Africa, despite a variety of health system interventions, maternal and perinatal mortality remain unacceptably high.ObjectivesTo describe and compare the clinical outcomes related to the mode of delivery, for patients managed at rural primary healthcare level.MethodsThis retrospective cross-sectional observational analytical study was conducted at a deep rural district hospital in northern KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Maternity Case Records and Caesarean delivery audit tools from 2018 were reviewed.ResultsIn total, 634 files were retrieved. The Caesarean delivery rate in the sample was 30.8% (193 of 634 deliveries), and according to the Robson classification, groups 5 and 1 were the biggest contributors to Caesarean delivery. All Caesarean deliveries were deemed to have been medically indicated. As compared to those whose delivery was normal vaginal, the odds of having post-partum haemorrhage were 25 times higher, and the odds of having any complication were three times higher, if a mother delivered by Caesarean (p<0.001). In neonates who were delivered by Caesarean, the odds of being admitted to nursery were four times higher than those delivered vaginally (p<0.001).ConclusionShowing a significantly higher risk of maternal and neonatal complications, this study validated Caesarean delivery at rural primary care as a potentially dangerous undertaking, for which adequate precautions should be taken. There is a need for interventions targeting rural healthcare in South Africa, to ensure that obstetric services are offered to patients in as safe a manner as possible in this environment.
Současná podoba environmentální výchovy a její potenciál v ovlivňování environmentálního uvědomění žáků
Authors: Sokolíková Eliška , Andreska Jan 
Published: January 2022

Článek představuje výsledky výzkumu, který se zabýval analýzou environmentálního vzdělávání žáků středních škol s důrazem na prozkoumání faktorů ovlivňujících pro-environmentální chování. Výzkum využívá model sestavený na základě metody TPB (Theory of Planned Behavior) a metody NAM (Norm Activation Model). Z analýzy je patrné, že značná část žáků považuje současnou environmentální výchovu za nedostatečnou. Nejčastějším zdrojem informací se v oblasti environmentálního vzdělávání stává pro žáky internet a sociální sítě. Stěžejním determinantem pro-environmentálního chování jsou dle výsledků výzkumu postoje a normy respondentů, které je možné v rámci environmentálního vzdělávání ovlivnit skrze budování povědomí o důsledcích chování. Článek se také vzhledem k odlišným výsledkům jednotlivých zahraničních studií obdobného zaměření zamýšlí nad důležitostí lokálního výzkumu v oblasti rozvoje environmentálního vzdělávání, který je v oblasti analýzy determinantů environmentálního uvědomění stále na samém začátku.
Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and association with parathyroid hormone
Authors: Ravelo Marrero Alejandro José , Guillén Astete Carlos Antonio , Román Miriam Menacho , Coronado Marta Rosillo , Del Rey Sánchez José Manuel , Lozano Ana Gómez , Terán Tinedo María Andreína , Díaz Mónica Vázquez , Gómez Ignacio Arribas 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objectives
We evaluated the prevalence of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-(OH)D) deficiency in our setting according to season, sex, and age. We also studied the association with parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels.

Methods
The study population comprised all patients with requests for assessment of 25-(OH)D between January 1 and December 31, 2018, as registered in the database of the laboratory information system. Major exclusion criteria were pediatric samples (<18 years) and factors affecting 25-(OH)D and/or PTH levels (i.e., kidney injury, liver disease, PTH disorders).

Results
Among 33,601 patients (24,028 women, 9,573 men), the prevalence of 25-(OH)D deficiency was 48%. Prevalence was greater in males than in females (53% vs. 46%). By age group, deficiency was more prevalent in quartile 1 (Q1, 74–87 years) and less prevalent in quartile 2 (Q2, 60–73 years). By season, deficiency was greater in spring (nonsignificant differences with respect to winter) and lower in summer. The association between 25-(OH)D and PTH was assessed in 9,368 persons. Linear regression analysis showed a weak association (coefficient – 0.303). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed a significant association between 25-(OH)D deficiency and increased PTH (Odds ratio (OR), 1.63). Other risk factors for increased PTH include female sex (OR, 1.27), season (winter, OR 1.63, spring OR 1.16), and age (quartile 1, OR, 3).

Conclusions
The prevalence of 25-(OH)D deficiency differed according to sex, age, and season of the year. Furthermore, elevation of PTH is mainly influenced by low 25-(OH)D, female sex, season, and age.
Study on the speciation of arsenic in the genuine medicinal material honeysuckle
Authors: Peng Congnan , Zhou Juntong , Sun Yaxuan , Yin Hang , Chen Yuxin , Yao Li , Qi Kailin , Huo Qing , Xie Fei 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Arsenic (As) accumulated in genuine medicinal materials will not only deteriorate the original medicinal properties of the medicinal materials but also harm the eater’s body. In this study, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) technology was used to investigate the total As content of honeysuckle in four regions, namely Fengqiu, Henan, Xinmi, Shandong, and Julu, Hebei, as well as the speciation and content of As in the roots, stems, and leaves of honeysuckle. This research shows that the total As content of honeysuckle in the four regions was 0.25–0.3 mg/kg. At 1.5 mol/L H3PO4, 200 W, we performed ultrasonic extraction for 30 min at 60°C and adopted high performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS) to analyze the As speciation of honeysuckle plants. The soil As speciation mainly exists in the form of As(v). In the medicinal part of honeysuckle, the amount of different As speciation is ranked in the descending order as As(v) > As(iii) > dimethyl As acid > monomethyl As acid > AsC. As(v) is the main speciation, accounting for 64.5% of the total, followed by the most toxic As(iii), which is 18.8%. As(v) absorbed by the root system of honeysuckle from the soil tends to transform to As(iii) when transported upwards, and the transformation process mainly occurs in the roots.
Mathematical formation and analysis of COVID-19 pool tests strategies
Authors: Chandel Sushmita , Bhatnagar Gaurav , Singh Krishna Pratap 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objectives
The excessive spread of the pandemic COVID-19 around the globe has put mankind at risk. The medical infrastructure and resources are frazzled, even for the world's top economies, due to the large COVID-19 infection. To cope up with this situation, countries are exploring the pool test strategies. In this paper, a detailed analysis has been done to explore the efficient pooling strategies. Given a population and the known fact that the percentage of people infected by the virus, the minimum number of tests to identify COVID-19 positive cases from the entire population are found. In this paper, the problem is formulated with an objective to find a minimum number of tests in the worst case where exactly one positive sample is there in a pool which can happen considering the fact that the groups are formed by choosing samples randomly. Therefore, the thrust stress is on minimizing the total number of tests by finding varying pool sizes at different levels (not necessarily same size at all levels), although levels can also be controlled.

Methods
Initially the problem is formulated as an optimization problem and there is no constraint on the number of levels upto which pooling can be done. Finding an analytical solution of the problem was challenging and thus the approximate solution was obtained and analyzed. Further, it is observed that many times it is pertinent to put a constraint on the number of levels upto which pooling can be done and thus optimizing with such a constraint is also done using genetic algorithm.

Results
An empirical evaluation on both realistic and synthetic examples is done to show the efficiency of the procedures and for lower values of percentage infection, the total number of tests are very much less than the population size. Further, the findings of this study show that the general COVID-19 pool test gives the better solution for a small infection while as the value of infection becomes significant the single COVID-19 pool test gives better results.

Conclusions
This paper illustrates the formation and analysis of polling strategies, which can be opted for the better utilization of the resources. Two different pooling strategies are proposed and these strategies yield accurate insight considering the worst case scenario. The analysis finds that the proposed bounds can be efficiently exploited to ascertain the pool testing in view of the COVID-19 infection rate.
Simulation and improvement of the separation process of synthesizing vinyl acetate by acetylene gas-phase method
Authors: Zhang Qiuli , Chen Zhaoyang , Song Ziyue , Zhou Jun , Ning Xiaogang , Wu Lei 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Vinyl acetate, as an essential organic chemical raw material, can be used to produce polyvinyl acetate, polyester vinyl alcohol, and other products. The existing classical vinyl acetate production process has the problems of low product purity and excessive heat load. In this study, in the classical design of the process, acetylene is separated first, and then acetaldehyde is removed with the formation of an azeotrope between ethylene acetate and water. Meanwhile, considering the solubility of acetaldehyde in water and insolubility of vinyl acetate in water, the process was optimized to separate acetic acid after removing acetylene, so as to avoid the azeotrope formation of vinyl acetate and water. The nonrandom two-liquid-Hayden–O’Connell thermodynamic hybrid model was used to simulate the classical process and improved process (IP). Finally, the reflux ratio and theoretical tray number of the main separation equipment of IP were optimized to get the better parameters. The simulated results show that the purity of vinyl acetate increased from 99.1% to 99.8%, the cooling energy consumption was reduced by 16.83%, and the thermal energy consumption was reduced by 6.18%. At the same time, the equipment investment was also decreased.
Doubly robust adaptive LASSO for effect modifier discovery
Authors: Bahamyirou Asma , Schnitzer Mireille E. , Kennedy Edward H. , Blais Lucie , Yang Yi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Effect modification occurs when the effect of a treatment on an outcome differsaccording to the level of some pre-treatment variable (the effect modifier). Assessing an effect modifier is not a straight-forward task even for a subject matter expert. In this paper, we propose a two-stageprocedure to automatically selecteffect modifying variables in a Marginal Structural Model (MSM) with a single time point exposure based on the two nuisance quantities (the conditionaloutcome expectation and propensity score). We highlight the performance of our proposal in a simulation study. Finally, to illustrate tractability of our proposed methods, we apply them to analyze a set of pregnancy data. We estimate the conditional expected difference in the counterfactual birth weight if all women were exposed to inhaled corticosteroids during pregnancy versus the counterfactual birthweight if all women were not, using data from asthma medications during pregnancy.
Double Rabi splitting in methylene blue dye-Ag nanocavity
Authors: Han Xiaobo , Li Fang , He Zhicong , Liu Yahui , Hu Huatian , Wang Kai , Lu Peixiang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We demonstrate a double Rabi splitting totaling 348 meV in an Ag nanocavity embedding of methylene blue (MB) dye layer, which is ascribed to the equilibrium state of monomer and dimer coexistence in MB dye. At low dye concentration, the single-mode strong coupling between the monomer exciton in MB dye and the Ag nanocavity is observed. As the dye concentration is increased, three hybridized plexciton states are observed, indicating a double Rabi splitting (178 and 170 meV). Furthermore, the double anti-crossing behavior of the three hybrid states is observed by tuning the Ag nanocube size, which validates the multi-mode strong coupling regime. It shows clear evidence on the diverse exciton forms of dye molecules, both of which can interact with plasmonic nanocavity, effectively. Therefore, it provides a good candidate for realizing the multi-mode strong coupling.
The crystal structure of 6-amino-5-carboxypyridin-1-ium pentaiodide monohydrate C6H9I5N2O3
Authors: Li Dan-Xia , Wang Hai-Jun , Yan Zhen-Li , Du Chao-Jun 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
C6H9I5N2O3, triclinic, P1¯ (no. 2), a = 7.4851(5) Å, b = 9.6056(6) Å, c = 12.4084(7) Å, α = 109.119(3)°, β = 99.341(3)°, γ = 92.334(3)°, V = 827.53(9) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0234, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0449, T = 150.0 K.
Revisiting the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations
Authors: Sun Bohua 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This study revisits the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations and finds that the existing literature is erroneous regarding the primary unknowns and the number of independent unknowns in the RANS. The literature claims that the Reynolds stress tensor has six independent unknowns, but in fact the six unknowns can be reduced to three that are functions of the three velocity fluctuation components, because the Reynolds stress tensor is simply an integration of a second-order dyadic tensor of flow velocity fluctuations rather than a general symmetric tensor. This difficult situation is resolved by returning to the time of Reynolds in 1895 and revisiting Reynolds’ averaging formulation of turbulence. The study of turbulence modeling could focus on the velocity fluctuations instead of the Reynolds stress. An advantage of modeling the velocity fluctuations is, from both physical and experimental perspectives, that the velocity fluctuation components are observable whereas the Reynolds stress tensor is not.
Európai Újraélesztési Társaság (ERC) 2021. évi újszülött élesztés és az adaptáció támogatása ajánlásának összefoglaló bemutatása
Authors: Pandur Attila , Schiszler Bence , Tóth Balázs , Bogár Bence , Jauch Melinda , Betlehem József , Priskin Gábor , Radnai Balázs 
Published: January 2022

Jelen referátum az Európai Reszuszcitációs Társaság (ERC) és az International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) által 2021-ben kiadott újszülött élesztés irányelveit foglalja össze. Terjedelmi okok miatt a referátum nem tartalmazza az egyes lépések teljes körű magyarázatát, a cél az új irányelvek rövid összefoglalása. Az újszülött élesztés guideline-ja lefedi az újszülött ellátást, érthető jól belépített algoritmus segíti az ellátókat feldolgozni és használnia mindennapi ellátásban a legfrissebb ajánlásokat.A guideline tárgyalja az újszülött resuscitatio lépéseit, az oktatás legfontosabb aspektusait, a hőmérsékletkontrollt. a köldökellátást a megszületést követően, az első állapotfelmérést, a légút, légzés és keringés támogatás lehetőségeit, a szülőkkel történő kommunikációt.Ezen irányelvek a megszületést követő percekre,órákra vonatkoznak, ugyanakkor az adaptáció lezajlásátkövető első néhány élethét során is alkalmazhatók.
A Church and Its Charms
Authors: Porter Sarah F. 
Published: January 2022

Meletios was exiled for 13 of his 20 years as bishop of Antioch, and at times as many as three other bishops claimed the Antiochene episcopacy during his tenure. Still, in an encomium for Meletios delivered in 386, his protegé John Chrysostom claimed that Meletios managed to enchant the whole city: “Blessed is that man, because he was strong enough to cast such a love charm (ϕίλτρον) on all of you.” John delivered this encomium in a large cruciform church that Meletios campaigned to build. In the church were burials: probably Babylas, a martyr bishop who had died in the Decian persecution about 150 years before, and Meletios himself, interred either in the same grave or a neighboring one. The next year, Dorys the presbyter would fund the pavement of the church’s floors, carpeting them in rich geometric designs and clean black-and-white dedicatory inscriptions.
Using Sara Ahmed’s work on “the cultural politics of emotion,” this article analyzes the cruciform church through three different modes: its architecture, an encomium delivered there, and its mosaic program. The Meletian faction forged alliances with material and space to produce and manage affects of security, love, and pleasure in their communities. These spatial, discursive, and material enchantments encouraged the more decisive affiliation of fourth-century Antiochene Christians with Meletios’s community instead of with his competitors’ communities.
Initial response of young people with thyrotoxicosis to block and replace or dose titration thionamide
Authors: Wood Claire L , Morrison Niamh , Cole Michael , Donaldson Malcolm , Dunger David B , Wood Ruth , Pearce Simon H S , Cheetham Timothy D 
Published: January 2022

Objective
Patients with thyrotoxicosis are treated with anti-thyroid drug (ATD) using block and replace (BR) or a smaller, titrated dose of ATD (dose titration, DT).

Design
A multi-centre, phase III, open-label trial of newly diagnosed paediatric thyrotoxicosis patients randomised to BR/DT. We compared the biochemical response to BR/DT in the first 6 months of therapy.

Methods
Patients commenced 0.75 mg/kg carbimazole (CBZ) daily with randomisation to BR/DT. We examined baseline patient characteristics, CBZ dose, time to serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)/free thyroxine (FT4) normalisation and BMI Z-score change.

Results
There were 80 patients (baseline) and 78 patients (61 female) at 6 months. Mean CBZ dose was 0.9 mg/kg/day (BR) and 0.5 mg/kg/day (DT). There was no difference in time to non-suppressed TSH concentration; 16 of 39 patients (BR) and 11 of 39 (DT) had suppressed TSH at 6 months. Patients with suppressed TSH had higher mean baseline FT4 levels (72.7 vs 51.7 pmol/L; 95% CI for difference 1.73, 31.7; P = 0.029). Time to normalise FT4 levels was reduced in DT (log-rank test, P = 0.049) with 50% attaining normal FT4 at 28 days (95% CI 25, 32) vs 35 days in BR (95% CI 28, 58). Mean BMI Z-score increased from 0.10 to 0.81 at 6 months (95% CI for difference 0.57, 0.86; P < 0.001) and was greatest in patients with higher baseline FT4 concentrations.

Conclusions
DT-treated patients normalised FT4 concentrations more quickly than BR. Overall, 94% of patients have normal FT4 levels after 6 months, but 33% still have TSH suppression. Excessive weight gain occurs with both BR and DT therapy.
Rise and fall of thyroid radiologic density during the time course of amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis
Authors: Felix Laure , Jacon Peggy , Lugosi Maxime , Cristante Justine , Roux Julie , Chabre Olivier 
Published: January 2022

Background and Objective
It has been reported recently in a cross sectional study that patients with amiodarone induced thyrotoxicosis (AIT) showed a ‘white’ thyroid on unenhanced computed tomography, due to intrathyroid iodine accumulation. However, the link between increase in thyroid radiologic density and amiodarone induced thyrotoxicosis remains unknown. We sought to analyze this link.

Methods
We present the case of a 34-year-old patient with severe sarcoidosis-related hypertrophic cardiomyopathy who was followed with successive unenhanced CT scans integrated with FDG PET scans. After the first CT scans the patient, who initially had a normal thyroid function, was exposed to amiodarone during 23 months and developed AIT, very likely by thyroiditis (AIT type 2). There were no thyroid antibodies, no evidence of thyroid sarcoidosis on FDG PET scan, while thyroid sonogram showed a homogenous 22 ml moderate goiter with normal echogenicity and no nodules.

Results
Analysis of the successive enhanced CT scans revealed that after initiation of amiodarone treatment, thyroid radiologic density steadily increased before detection of AIT, peaked after cessation of amiodarone and initiation of thyrotoxicosis treatment, before returning to normal as thyrotoxicosis receded. Thyroid volume also showed a moderate increase, peaking at the detection of thyrotoxicosis, before returning to normal.

Conclusion
This case suggests that AIT is preceded by a very high intrathyroid iodine accumulation before the ‘burst’ of thyroiditis occurs and that measurements of thyroid gland radiological density might predict the development and remission of AIT.
TSHB R75G is a founder variant and prevalent cause of low or undetectable TSH in Indian Jews
Authors: Shaki David , Eskin-Schwartz Marina , Hadar Noam , Bosin Emily , Carmon Lior , Refetoff Samuel , Hershkovitz Eli , Birk Ohad S , Haim Alon 
Published: January 2022

Objective
Bi-allelic loss-of-function mutations in TSHB, encoding the beta subunit of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), cause congenital hypothyroidism. Homozygosity for the TSHB p.R75G variant, previously described in South Asian individuals, does not alter TSH function but abrogates its detection by some immune detection-based platforms, leading to erroneous diagnosis of hyperthyroidism. We set out to identify and determine the carrier rate of the p.R75G variant among clinically euthyroid Bene Israel Indian Jews, to examine the possible founder origin of this variant worldwide, and to determine the phenotypic effects of its heterozygosity.

Design
Molecular genetic studies of Bene Israel Jews and comparative studies with South Asian cohort.

Methods
TSHB p.R75G variant tested by Sanger sequencing and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Haplotype analysis in the vicinity of the TSHB gene performed using SNP arrays.

Results
Clinically euthyroid individuals with low or undetectable TSH levels from three apparently unrelated Israeli Jewish families of Bene Israel ethnicity, originating from the Mumbai region of India, were found heterozygous or homozygous for the p.R75G TSHB variant. Extremely high carrier rate of p.R75G TSHB in Bene Israel Indian Jews (~4%) was observed. A haplotype block of 239.7 kB in the vicinity of TSHB shared by Bene Israel and individuals of South Asian origin was detected.

Conclusions
Our findings highlight the high prevalence of the R75G TSHB variant in euthyroid Bene Israel Indian Jews, demonstrate that heterozygosity of this variant can cause erroneous detection of subnormal TSH levels, and show that R75G TSHB is an ancient founder variant, delineating shared ancestry of its carriers.