bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pressure Engineering Promising Transparent Oxides with Large Conductivity Enhancement and Strong Thermal Stability
Authors: Liu Xuqiang , Li Mingtao , Zhang Qian , Wang Yiming , Li Nana , Peng Shang , Yin Tao , Guo Songhao , Liu Ye , Yan Limin , Zhang Dongzhou , Kim Jaeyong , Liu Gang , Wang Yandong , Yang Wenge 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTransparent conducting oxides (TCO) with high electrical conductivity and high visible light transparency are desired for a wide range of high‐impact engineering. Yet, usually, a compromise must be made between conductivity and transparency, limiting the practical application of a TCO to the next level. Furthermore, TCO performance is highly sensitive to composition, so conventional synthesis methods, such as chemical doping, cannot unravel the mysteries of the quantitative structure–performance relationship. Thus, improving the fundamental understanding or creating materials‐by‐design has limited success. Here, a strategy is proposed to modulate the lattice and electronic and optical properties precisely by applying pressure on a TCO. Strikingly, after compression–decompression treatment on the indium titanium oxides (ITiO), a highly transparent and metastable phase with two orders of magnitude enhancement in conductivity is synthesized from an irreversible phase transition. Moreover, this phase possesses previously unattainable filter efficiency on hazardous blue light up to 600 °C, providing potential for healthcare‐related applications with strong thermal stability up to 200 °C. These results demonstrate that pressure engineering is a clean and effective tool for tailoring functional materials that are not achievable by other means, providing an exciting alternative property‐tuning dimension in materials science.
Recyclable Endogenous H2S Activation of Self‐Assembled Nanoprobe with Controllable Biodegradation for Synergistically Enhanced Colon Cancer‐Specific Therapy
Authors: Huang Junqing , Deng Zhiming , Bi Shenghui , Wen Xingwang , Zeng Songjun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractExcessive production of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) plays a crucial role in the progress of colon cancer. Construction of tumor‐specific H2S‐activated smart nanoplatform with controllable biodegradation is of great significance for precise and sustainable treatment of colon cancer. Herein, an endogenous H2S triggered Co‐doped polyoxometalate (POM‐Co) cluster with self‐adjustable size, controlled biodegradation, and sustainable cyclic depletion of H2S/glutathione (GSH) is designed for synergistic enhanced tumor‐specific photothermal and chemodynamic therapy. The designed POM‐Co nanocluster holds H2S responsive “turn‐on” photothermal property in colon cancer via self‐assembling to form large‐sized POM‐CoS, enhancing the accumulation at tumor sites. Furthermore, the formed POM‐CoS can gradually biodegrade, resulting in release of Co2+ and Mo6+ for Co(II)‐catalyzed •OH production and Russell mechanism‐enabled 1O2 generation with GSH consumption, respectively. More importantly, the degraded POM‐CoS is reactivated by endogenous H2S for recyclable and sustainable consumption of H2S and GSH, resulting in tumor‐specific photothermal/chemodynamic continuous therapy. Therefore, this study provides an opportunity of designing tumor microenvironment‐driven nanoprobes with controllable biodegradation for precise and sustainable anti‐tumor therapy.
Human milk lactoferrin variation in relation to maternal inflammation and iron deficiency in northern Kenya
Authors: Fujita Masako , Wander Katherine , Paredes Ruvalcaba Nerli , Odo Amelia Ngozi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundMilk lactoferrin is a multi‐functional, iron‐binding glycoprotein with immunomodulatory effects, protecting infants against infectious diseases.AimsThis study explored how maternal inflammation/infection and iron‐deficiency anemia (IDA) might influence human milk lactoferrin. Lactoferrin might be elevated with maternal inflammation resulting from infectious disease processes. Conversely, lactoferrin might decrease with IDA, corresponding to scarce maternal iron for transfer in milk. In these two hypothesized scenarios, the degree of lactoferrin elevation or decrease might vary with infant vulnerability to infectious diseases or malnutrition. Alternatively, lactoferrin might be unassociated with inflammation/infection or IDA if mothers could buffer it against these conditions.Materials & MethodsWe used cross‐sectional data from Ariaal mothers of northern Kenya (n = 200) to evaluate associations between milk lactoferrin and maternal inflammation/infection, IDA, infant age/sex, and the mother‐infant variable interactions in multivariate regression models.ResultsMaternal inflammation was associated with higher lactoferrin for younger infants (<~5 months of age) but with lower lactoferrin for older infants. Maternal IDA was unassociated with lactoferrin alone or in interaction with infant variables.Discussion & ConclusionResults suggest that mothers of vulnerable young infants deliver more lactoferrin when they have inflammation/infection but mothers with older infants do not, and that maternal delivery of lactoferrin is unaffected by their IDA. Longitudinal research should verify these findings.
Airway management in the pediatric emergency department in Japan: A multicenter prospective observational study
Authors: Hagiwara Yusuke , Goto Tadahiro , Ohnishi Shima , Miyamoto Daisuke , Ikeyama Yuki , Matsunami Kunihiro , Hasegawa Kohei ,   the Japanese Emergency Medicine Network Investigators
Published: October 2022

AimTracheal intubation is a vital resuscitation procedure in the pediatric emergency department (ED). Despite its importance, little is known about the current status of emergency airway management in Japan. In this context, we aimed to investigate the airway management characteristics—particularly the location, patient, and provider factors—in the pediatric ED.MethodsWe conducted a multicenter, prospective study of five pediatric EDs in Japan from October 2018 to June 2020. The study included all children (aged ≤18 years) who underwent intubation at the pre‐ED or ED setting by physicians and those who were transferred from the ED to the operation room (OR) or pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) for intubation. We described the airway management characteristics according to the location, patient, and provider factors.ResultsOf 231 children, 9 (4%) were transferred to the OR or PICU for airway management. Among the remaining 222 children, 45 were intubated at the pre‐ED setting and 177 were intubated in the ED. The overall first‐attempt success rate was 72%, with the rate varying by location, patient, and provider factors—for example, 68% at the pre‐ED setting, 67% for children <2 years, 56% for children with airway‐related anatomical anomalies, and 61% with intubation by a resident physician. Intubation‐related adverse events were observed in 17%, most of which were hypoxemia (14%).ConclusionsBased on data from a multicenter prospective study, the overall first‐attempt intubation success rate in pediatric EDs in Japan was 72%, with large variations by location, patient, and provider factors.
Role of molecular architecture and temperature on extrusion melt flow instabilities of two industrial LLDPE and LDPE polyethylenes investigated by capillary rheology, high‐pressure sensitivity slit die and optical analysis
Authors: Georgantopoulos Christos K. , Esfahani Masood K. , Naue Ingo F. C. , Wilhelm Manfred , Kádár Roland 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe characteristic time periodicity and the spatial characteristic wavelength of extrusion flow instabilities of a linear and a branched commercial polyethylene (PE) are characterized via capillary rheology, optical analysis and modeled. The two investigated polyethylenes have the similar weight average molecular weight (Mw). The characteristic time periodicity is obtained and compared using three methods: (i) a highly sensitive pressure slit die, (ii) a new online optical analysis method based on the construction of a space–time diagrams, and (iii) an offline transmission polarization microscopy. In addition, the spatial characteristic wavelength λ is quantified by offline transmission polarization microscopy. The characteristic time periodicity of the extrusion flow instabilities follows a power law behavior as a function of apparent shear rate to a power of −0.7 for both materials,. A qualitative model is used to predict the spatial characteristic wavelength of extrusion flow instabilities as well. It is found that the characteristic spatial wavelength λ and the characteristic time periodicity have an Arrhenius temperature‐dependent behavior.
Ganzheitliche Simulation von Turmabbrüchen
Authors: Giesa Tristan , Shirafkan Nima , Nietznik Martin , Rost Markus 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBei dem kollabierenden Abbruch von turmartigen Bauwerken wie Schornsteinen, Kühltürmen oder Fernmeldetürmen abseits der „grünen Wiese“, also im Baubestand, sind für das Umfeld kritische temporäre Bauzustände zu untersuchen, die sich mit einer normgerechten Analyse nicht im Detail abbilden lassen. Zur fachgerechten, sicheren und kosteneffizienten Planung und Durchführung solcher Abbrüche ist es erforderlich, diese Zustände zu identifizieren, um u. a. auch Risiken abschätzen zu können. In diesem Beitrag wird eine Serie von modernen numerischen Methoden vorgestellt, mit der Abbruchzustände an diesen Bauwerken ganzheitlich beschrieben werden können: von der nichtlinearen Abbruchstatik über die Einsturzsimulation mit Finiten Elementen und diskreten Partikeln bis zur Schwingungssimulation. Hierbei liegt die Innovation in der Verknüpfung der Methoden zur Erlangung einer zuverlässigen Erschütterungsprognose für Abbruchprojekte. Damit können Schäden an der Infrastruktur vermieden und ein wirtschaftlicher Abbruch durch kontrollierten Kollaps oder Sprengung ermöglicht werden. An zwei konkreten Praxisbeispielen, einer Schornsteinsprengung und einem Kühlturmabbruch per kontrolliertem Kollaps, werden die Funktion und Interaktion der Simulationen erläutert.
Controlling contacts—Molecular mechanisms to regulate organelle membrane tethering
Authors: Kors Suzan , Kurian Smija M. , Costello Joseph L. , Schrader Michael 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn recent years, membrane contact sites (MCS), which mediate interactions between virtually all subcellular organelles, have been extensively characterized and shown to be essential for intracellular communication. In this review essay, we focus on an emerging topic: the regulation of MCS. Focusing on the tether proteins themselves, we discuss some of the known mechanisms which can control organelle tethering events and identify apparent common regulatory hubs, such as the VAP interface at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). We also highlight several currently hypothetical concepts, including the idea of tether oligomerization and redox regulation playing a role in MCS formation. We identify gaps in our current understanding, such as the identity of the majority of kinases/phosphatases involved in tether modification and conclude that a holistic approach—incorporating the formation of multiple MCS, regulated by interconnected regulatory modulators—may be required to fully appreciate the true complexity of these fascinating intracellular communication systems.
Three sublayers in the SMAS: Observations of facial soft tissue using the stretched tissue dissection method focusing on the SMAS
Authors: Watanabe Koichi , Han Aya , Inoue Eiko , Iwanaga Joe , Kikuchi Keijiro , Haikata Yuto , Nooma Kunimitsu , Harano Tatsuya , Tabira Yoko , Saga Tsuyoshi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe characteristics of the superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS), including the morphology of each part and the connection between tissues, remain controversial. The purpose of this study is to clarify the anatomy of the SMAS using our new dissection method. In this study, six hemi‐sides of heads from formalin‐preserved cadavers were used. Three were used for creating a horizontal section and three were used for creating the section along the axial line perpendicular to the surface of the skin, resulting in a gradual change from the coronal section at the lateral to the sagittal section at the median. The resected head was cut into slices with widths of 7 mm. The stretched tissue dissection method was performed by fixing a tissue slice to a board and pulling the skin outward to stretch the soft tissue. Blunt dissection was then performed under a microscope. The SMAS comprises three layers: superficial, intermediate, and deep. The superficial layer is a thin membrane directly connecting to the septa in the subcutaneous fat. The deep layer is the connective tissue in contact with the sub‐SMAS structure. The layer surrounded by the superficial and deep layer of the SMAS is the intermediate layer, containing connective tissue, adipose tissue, and facial muscles. The detailed findings of the SMAS obtained using this method resolve theoretical discrepancies and provide important insight for the field of facial surgery.
Evaluating nondestructive forage sampling techniques in alfalfa–bermudagrass mixtures in the southeastern United States
Authors: Burt Justin , Baxter Lisa , Tucker Jennifer Johnson 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe increased use of legume–grass mixtures in grazing systems has resulted in the need for more accurate forage estimation techniques for these diverse mixtures. In mixed stands, variations in species composition and canopy density make the estimation of herbage mass (HM) challenging. Three nondestructive sampling techniques [a rising plate meter (RPM), a pasture ruler, and digital image analysis] were compared with traditional botanical hand separation to determine their effectiveness in predicting HM in bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) pastures when harvested to a 1‐ or 4‐inch stubble height. All models calibrated to forages harvested to 1 inch failed to meet the formal assumptions of the F‐test. The height and RPM were moderately successful at predicting HM when calibrated to samples harvested to 4 inches. However, the models were unable to predict HM above 4,000 lb acre−1 in their current form. Future research in alfalfa–bermudagrass mixtures should focus on isolating how HM changes within the canopy and increase the sample area used to collect the calibration data.
Synthesis of 5‐ethoxymethylfurfural from glucose catalyzed by porous tetra‐component metal oxides solid acid
Authors: Zhang Luxin , Hu Meng , Sun Ruijun , Xing Xu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe production of 5‐ethoxymethylfurfural (EMF) from cheap and abundant glucose feedstock has attracted a great deal of attention because of its potential applications. Herein, three porous tetra‐component metal oxide solid acid catalysts (SO42−/ZFSA‐A, SO42−/ZFSA‐F‐10, SO42−/ZFSA‐F‐20) containing both Brønsted and Lewis acid sites have been successfully synthesized and can efficiently catalyze the synthesis of EMF from glucose. Particularly, the SO42−/ZFSA‐A, SO42−/ZFSA‐F‐10, and SO42−/ZFSA‐F‐20 catalysts were prepared under the template of sodium alginate, 10% F127, and 20% F127, respectively. The prepared catalysts were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), N2‐adsorption–desorption isotherm, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermogravimetry (TG), temperature‐programmed desorption of ammonia (NH3‐TPD), and pyridine infrared spectra (Py‐FTIR). The characterization results indicated that all three catalysts have a porous structure. The pore distribution of the SO42−/ZFSA‐A catalyst is mainly macroporous and mesoporous, while the SO42−/ZFSA‐F‐10 and SO42−/ZFSA‐F‐20 catalysts are mainly mesoporous. The SO42−/ZFSA‐F‐20 catalyst exhibited the highest catalytic performance due to its large specific surface area, desirable mesoporous structure, high total acidity (especially strong and super strong acidity), and appropriate Lewis/Brønsted acid ratio. By applying SO42−/ZFSA‐F‐20, the formation of EMF from glucose was successfully catalyzed and EMF was obtained at a yield of 34.56% after 12 h at 160°C. This yield is much higher compared with most other results achieved by solid acids catalysis. In addition, the reaction parameters such as reaction temperature, reaction time, glucose amount, and catalyst dosage were shown to have a significant effect on the catalytic performance. Notably, the SO42−/ZFSA‐F‐20 catalyst exhibited good reusability, as its activity did not significantly diminish after four rounds of repeated experiments and was successfully reactivated after calcination.
Dual‐Ion Intercalation Chemistry Enabling Hybrid Metal‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Koleva Violeta , Kalapsazova Mariya , Marinova Delyana , Harizanova Sonya , Stoyanova Radostina 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTo outline the role of dual‐ion intercalation chemistry to reach sustainable energy storage, the present Review aimed to compare two types of batteries: widely accepted dual‐ion batteries based on cationic and anionic co‐intercalation versus newly emerged hybrid metal‐ion batteries using the co‐intercalation of cations only. Among different charge carrier cations, the focus was on the materials able to co‐intercalate monovalent ions (such Li+ and Na+, Li+ and K+, Na+ and K+, etc.) or couples of mono‐ and multivalent ions (Li+ and Mg2+, Na+ and Mg2+, Na+ and Zn2+, H+ and Zn2+, etc.). Furthermore, the Review was directed on co‐intercalation materials composed of environmentally benign and low‐cost transition metals (e. g., Mn, Fe, etc.). The effect of the electrolyte on the co‐intercalation properties was also discussed. The summarized knowledge on dual‐ion energy storage could stimulate further research so that the hybrid metal‐ion batteries become feasible in near future.
Low‐cost regional‐based congestion‐aware routing algorithm for 2D mesh NoC
Authors: Vazifedunn Seena , Reza Akram , Reshadi Midia 
Published: October 2022

SummaryGiven the advantages of network‐on‐chips (NoCs), they are rapidly improving to replace other forms of System‐on‐Chip (SoC) designs. Although various factors improve the NoC's performance, many challenges should be addressed when designing an NoC, one of which is congestion and its impacts on performance and efficiency. Hence, numerous routing algorithms have been proposed that contemplate the congestion influences to deal with its complexities. Nevertheless, given the significant impacts of overheads on performance and efficiency, it is crucial to consider them when designing an enhanced NoC. The proposed routing algorithm employs regional traffic information within multiple clusters and has a decent view of the traffic condition when choosing the path to the destination. Each node generates one bit of traffic information and propagates it only when the node is congested, thus preventing the information overhead. Finally, the path diversity parameter is utilized to identify the best route from the source to the destination. The proposed algorithm's results show that the number of received packets, average latency, average throughput, maximum latency, and energy consumption while using different traffic patterns are improved by 10.9%, 35.3%, 15.8%, 43%, and 15.3%, respectively.
Could cytology supplant frozen section for intraoperative evaluation of thoracic lesions? A single institutional experience in a developing country
Authors: Silav Zuhal Kuş , Sönmez Cansu , Aydemir Bülent , Yıldırım Mehmet , Okay Tamer , Aker Fügen Vardar 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe diagnostic performance of cytology was compared with the frozen results and its usability was evaluated as a rapid diagnosis method in intraoperative thoracic surgery in a single institution (Istanbul, Turkey).MethodsAll 197 subsequent patient specimens (cases) from 158 patients who were sent to our department from the thoracic surgery clinic for an intraoperative diagnosis request between the years 2016 and 2021 were evaluated. Obtained results from frozen and cytology were compared with final paraffin section diagnoses. Lesions were grouped into three different groups as nonneoplastic, benign, and malignant neoplasms.ResultsDiagnostic accuracy values of cytology and frozen sections in intraoperative consultation were 98.8% and 99.4%, respectively. Sensitivity values of cytology and frozen sections in intraoperative consultation were 96.3% and 98.7%, respectively. Specificity values of cytology and frozen sections in intraoperative consultation were 100% and 100%, respectively. Negative predictive values of cytology and frozen sections in intraoperative consultation were 96.7% and 98.9%, respectively. Positive predictive values of cytology and frozen sections in intraoperative consultation were 100% and 100%, respectively. Kappa statistics between cytology and frozen revealed a very high interrater reliability (Cohen's Kappa value: 0.911; p = .001; p < .01). The difficulty in distinguishing primary and metastatic carcinoma, which is mostly undecided in frozen sections and the definitive diagnosis is left to paraffin sections, seems also be a problem in the cytological examination.ConclusionsCytological diagnosis can be used in the evaluation of small biopsy specimens that require tissue preservation in intraoperative consultation, especially for immunohistochemical and advanced genetic studies.
PEth 16:0/18:1 and 16:0/18:2 after consumption of low doses of alcohol—A contribution to cutoff discussion
Authors: Aboutara Nadine , Jungen Hilke , Szewczyk Anne , Müller Alexander , Iwersen‐Bergmann Stefanie 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPhosphatidylethanol in blood has gained recognition as a direct alcohol biomarker. Although different cutoffs have been suggested, there is no consensus for differentiating abstinence from alcohol consumption. In this study, 75 participants (72% female) consumed 20 g of ethanol on three consecutive evenings. Blood was sampled on each following day and PEth 16:0/18:1 and 16:0/18:2 were determined. PEth 16:0/18:1 ranged from 8.9–21.5, 8.7–19.3, and 8.8–42.3 ng/ml and PEth 16:0/18:2 from 8.7–31.7, 9.0–39.3, and 9.4–43.0 ng/ml after the respective days of ethanol consumption. PEth 16:0/18:1 yielded a sensitivity of 25%, 45%, and 49% and PEth 16:0/18:2 of 40%, 61%, and 68% for the consumption days, respectively (cutoff 10 ng/ml). PEth 16:0/18:1 reached >20 ng/ml in five samples overall. Sensitivity of PEth 16:0/18:2 > 20 ng/ml was better with 35% after the three drinking days. Overall, PEth 16:0/18:1 was >35 ng/ml in one sample and PEth 16:0/18:2 in three samples. Significantly, more women had PEth 16:0/18:1 > 10 ng/ml after the third day of consuming 20 g of alcohol (p = 0.02) and PEth 16:0/18:2 > 10 ng/ml after the second (p = 0.023) and the third (p = 0.002) consumption, which can be led back to the higher blood alcohol concentration women reach after consuming the same alcohol amount as men.Although the response rates of PEth to alcohol uptake are subject to strong interindividual differences, results suggest that PEth cutoff should be lowered for better detection of consumption of low to medium amounts of alcohol. Furthermore, it is advantageous to analyze both PEth 16:0/18:2 and 16:0/18:1.