bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asia's (lack of) Response and Recovery Plans for the Forcibly Displaced
Authors: Nayak Swikruti 
Published: January 2022

The way Asian states have insufficiently and unsystematically dealt with the different types of refugee groups living within its borders has drawn much criticism. The people of concern are governed in a particularly lawless zone in the absence of binding international obligations, genuine regional cooperation and national laws. This paper first outlines the national frameworks or the informal procedures of each host country in Asia, to handle the forcibly displaced population. Much of the discussions, let alone actions are ad hoc in nature, that directs us to finding lasting solutions, beginning with adherence to international obligations. The contributions of the specialised agencies of the United Nations and the local NGOs have been instrumental and consistently required. Also, co-operation at the regional level will be effective in resolving the unique issues specifically faced by countries. However, formal national policies and legislations is bound to be the bedrock for administering each of these solutions, that too effectively. The contours of all the different refugee crises have been stretched further with the Covid-19 outbreak. Perhaps, even after Asia manages to eliminate the airborne threat, it can once and for all conclude the different refugee crises.
Engineering of reference materials for providing traceability of measurements of mechanical stresses by acoustic type of nondestructive check
Authors: Matveeva I. N. , Tolmachev V. V. 
Published: January 2022

The article presents the investigation of a certified reference material (CRM) of the steels mechanical properties. At present traceability of measurement results of mechanical stresses is ensured to the standard of time, but not mechanical stresses, and a metrological approach to ensuring the uniformity of measurements of mechanical stresses requires the development of a basis for comparison.The aim of the work was the characterization and certification of standard samples of a special form, traceable to SI units-force and length, intended for transferring a unit of magnitude of mechanical stresses to measuring instruments that implement a temporary method of acoustic type of nondestructive check based on the phenomenon of acoustoelasticity. The article discusses the key stages of the development of reference materials: selection of the source material for reference materials; study of the homogeneity of the source material; carrying out experimental studies with the use of reference device (the state standard unit of strength of the 1st category) and establishing the metrological characteristics. As a result of type approval tests CRM was registered in the State Register of CRM’s as GSO 11544-2020/11545-2020. The certified characteristics of the CRM are proportional limit mechanical stress σpl; proof strength σ02 (plastic extension 0,2 %); tensile strength σв; modulus of elasticity E. Limits of the relative error of the certified values at a confidence level of 0,95 do not exceed 12 %. The authors believe that the CRM of the mechanical properties of steels GSO 11544-2020/11545-2020 will provide metrological traceability of the results of measurements of mechanical stresses by measuring instruments that implement the by acoustic type of nondestructive check, when using the GSO as a basis for comparison in the verification scheme.
Intimate Partner Violence During Recovery from an Orthopaedic Injury
Authors: Madden Kim , Sprague Sheila , Petrisor Brad , Schneider Prism S. , Kleinlugtenbelt Ydo V. , Hackenberg Elisa A.M. , Garcia-Sanchez Yaiza , Hall Jeremy A. , Bzovsky Sofia , Thabane Lehana , Bhandari Mohit ,   the PRAISE-2 Investigators
Published: January 2022

Background:
Orthopaedic injuries may lead to an increased incidence of intimate partner violence (IPV) during recovery as people dependent on others’ help are at a higher risk for abuse. Additionally, there is a lack of understanding of how IPV affects injury recovery. In women being treated for an orthopaedic injury, we aimed to determine the number of new IPV disclosures in the 12 months after an injury and to explore the impact of IPV on recovery.

Methods:
We enrolled 250 female participants from 6 orthopaedic fracture clinics in Canada, the Netherlands, Spain, and Finland. IPV disclosure and clinical outcomes were assessed at the initial visit and during the 12-month follow-up period.

Results:
Of 250 participants, 81 (32.4% [95% confidence interval (CI), 26.6% to 38.2%]) had a history of IPV in their lifetime and disclosed this at their initial orthopaedic clinic appointment. Twenty-one participants (12.4% [95% CI, 7.5% to 17.8%]) who did not disclose abuse at the initial visit disclosed IPV during the follow-up. In our a priori unadjusted analysis, disclosure of IPV at the initial appointment or a subsequent follow-up appointment was associated with a 32% lower likelihood of returning to a pre-injury level of function with no restrictions regarding responsibilities at home (hazard ratio, 0.68 [95% CI, 0.46 to 0.99]; p = 0.046). Participants disclosing IPV had lower health-related quality of life on the EuroQol-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) at the 6-month-follow-up, with adjusted mean differences of −5.3 (95% CI, −10.2 to −0.4, p = 0.04) for the visual analog scale and −0.06 (95% CI, −0.11 to −0.01; p = 0.02) for the Function Index. They also had lower Function Index scores at the final 12-month follow-up visit, with an adjusted mean difference of −0.06 (95% CI, −0.10 to −0.02; p = 0.006).

Conclusions:
A surprisingly high percentage of women disclosed IPV within 12 months after the injury. Our exploratory results suggest that women who disclose IPV may have lower health-related quality of life. This study supports the need to optimize orthopaedic clinics to provide appropriate support for asking about and assisting individuals who experienced IPV. Additional research is warranted to further explore these findings.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Artificial intelligence in the identification of prognostic DNA methylation biomarkers among patients with cancer: a scoping review of epigenome-wide studies
Authors: Yuan Tanwei , Hoffmeister Michael 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
DNA methylation signatures are becoming increasingly important in the perspective of precision oncology. Artificial intelligence (AI) represents a powerful tool that could properly analyze high-dimensional DNA methylation data. There has been a surge of epigenome-wide association studies that leverage the power of AI techniques to identify prognostically relevant DNA methylation biomarkers. But the methodological strategies used are quite heterogeneous. This scoping review will comprehensively summarize studies conducted in this direction. We will search PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science for studies published as of 30 August 2021 and identify eligible studies by inclusion criteria. We will extract study characteristics, assess methodological quality, and summarize AI methods and pipelines used by included studies. The potential limitation of this study would be the lack of well-established criteria to judge the validity of existing pipelines and to provide suggestions in terms of the selection of pipelines for future studies.
Social Status Predicts Different Mating and Reproductive Outcomes for Men and Women in China: Evidence from the 2010-2017 CGSS Data
Authors: Zhang Yikang , Santtila Pekka 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Evolutionary psychological theories posit that higher social status is conducive to men’s reproductive success. Extant research from historical records, small scale societies, as well as industrialized societies, support this hypothesis. However, the relationship between status difference between spouses and reproductive outcomes has been investigated less. Moreover, even fewer studies have directly compared the effect of status and status difference between spouses on reproductive outcomes in men and women. Using data from the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) conducted between 2010 and 2017 (N = 55,875; 28,931 women) and operationalizing social status as standardized income and educational level (compared with same-sex peers), we examined how social status and relative status between spouses impact men’s and women’s mating and reproductive outcomes. We found that (1) men with higher social status were more likely to have long-term mating (being in a marriage and/or not going through marriage disruption) and reproductive success, mainly through having a lower risk of childlessness; (2) women with higher social status were less likely to have mating and reproductive success; and (3) relative status between spouses had an impact on the couple’s reproductive success so that couples, where the husband had higher status compared to the wife, had higher reproductive success. Thus, social status positively impacted men’s reproductive success, but relative status between spouses also affected mating and impacted childbearing decisions.
Factors Influencing Radon Transport in the Soils of Moscow
Authors: Gavrilev Sakhaiaan , Petrova Tatiana , Miklyaev Petr 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This article delves into the factors that may influence radon flux, such as soil properties and weather conditions on the example of two experimental locations with different soil compositions, composed primarily of clay and sand respectively. The experimental location with sandy soil was previously observed to have anomalously high radon flux levels. Radon monitoring was performed routinely, approximately at the same time of day and in parallel on both of these locations to exclude the influence of diurnal variations. The results show that radon transport on these locations differs in mechanism: location with clay soil has diffusive radon transport, with an average radon flux density of 37.4 ± 24.9 mBq m-2 s-1 and a range of 0.3 – 167.8 mBq m-2 s-1, while the location with sandy soil has convective radon transport with an average radon flux density of 93.6 ± 51.2 mBq m-2 s-1 and a range of 9.8 – 302.2 mBq m-2 s-1. This corresponds to about 8.3% of RFD measurements on site with clay soils exceeding the national reference level of 80 mBq m-2 s-1 and 45.6% exceeding them on the site with sandy soils. Average radon flux density values were then compared to meteorological variables using Pearson correlation analysis with Student’s t-test. It was observed that radon flux density inversely correlates most strongly with ambient air temperature in both cases, while a weaker inverse correlation is observed with atmospheric precipitation and wind speed for the diffusive radon transport. Radon activity concentration in soil air correlates with the flux density and air temperature only in the case of convective radon transport and does not correlate with anything else.
The Oviposition Cue Indole Inhibits Animal-Host Attraction in Aedes Aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) Mosquitoes
Authors: Dekel Amir , Sar-Shalom Evyatar , Vainer Yuri , Yakir Esther , Bohbot Jonathan Daniel 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Mosquitoes represent a major source of disease transmission and possess the uncanny ability to locate suitable animal-hosts, a feature mediated by their exquisite olfactory system. Insect repellents such as N,N-Diethyl-meta-toluamide, also called DEET, have been shown to activate and inhibit mosquito odorant receptors, resulting in behavioral modulation. This and other repellents available for personal protection against mosquitoes are topically applied on the skin and operate at a short range. In our search for potential long-range odorant repellents, we have hypothesized that the shared chemical similarities between indole and DEET may confer the former the ability to block odorant receptor function and inhibit human-host attraction. Using the two-electrode voltage clamp of Xenopus laevis oocytes as a pharmacological platform, we provide evidence that indole inhibits the Aedes aegypti (R)-1-octen-3-ol receptor OR8, a receptor involved in the decision of female mosquitoes to identify human hosts. Coincidentally, behavioral experiments in an arm-in-cage and flight tunnel assays suggest that indole inhibits animal-host seeking behavior in female Aedes aegypti. Together, our findings suggest that indole may be a candidate spatial repellent for the long-range protection of humans against mosquito bites.
Accumulation of biomedical waste due to COVID-19: Concerns and strategies for effective treatment to control the pandemic
Authors: Pavithiran Pon , Bhatia Arpit , Verma Anmol , Shah Nehal Ratnesh , Pratyush Prakash , Shanmugarajan Vigneswaran , Kim Sung Chul , Poongavanam GaneshKumar , Duraiswamy Sakthivadivel 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This research paper deals with the pollution impact of biomedical waste (BMW) generation due to the COVID-19 pandemic, at both global and national levels. This discussion is important in the light of clear scientific evidence that apart from the airborne transmission of the disease, the virus also survives on different surfaces carrying with it the risk of infection. Moreover, an investigation is conducted on the generation of biomedical waste in tons/day in India during the COVID period and future projections are also made. In addition, a pioneering study has been carried out to estimate the usage of facemasks in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in India. This paper also provides a feasible solution by adopting a modern perspective towards the handling of BMW generated in the context of the SARS-Cov-2 virus at isolation wards and crematoriums. Stratagem approaches are suggested for the segregation and safe disposal of BMW. The latest availability of disposal facilities has been discussed based on the source data provided by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). Even though a variety of disposal mechanisms are currently being followed in India, deliberations are made with Quantitative and Qualitative disposal deploying the popular incineration technology. The impact of the existing incineration technology on the environment and human health is extensively studied. The study is concluded with the suggestions of an effective measure to control the generation of BMW during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Exploring the association between birthweight and breast cancer using summary statistics from a perspective of genetic correlation, mediation, and causality
Authors: Zhang Meng , Qiao Jiahao , Zhang Shuo , Zeng Ping 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background

Previous studies demonstrated a positive relationship between birthweight and breast cancer; however, inconsistent, sometimes even controversial, observations also emerged, and the nature of such relationship remains unknown.
Methods

Using summary statistics of birthweight (n=264,498 for own birthweight and 179,360 for offspring birthweight) and breast cancer (n=266,081), we assessed the fetal/maternal-specific genetic correlation between them via LDSC and prioritized fetal/maternal-specific pleiotropic genes through MAIUP. Relying on summary statistics we conducted Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to evaluate the fetal/maternal-specific origin of causal relationship between birthweight, age of menarche, age at menopause and breast cancer.
Results

With summary statistics we identified a positive genetic correlation between fetal-specific birthweight and breast cancer (rg=0.123 and P=0.013) as well as a negative but insignificant correlation between maternal-specific birthweight and breast cancer (rg=-0.068, P=0.206); and detected 84 pleiotropic genes shared by fetal-specific birthweight and breast cancer, 49 shared by maternal-specific birthweight and breast cancer. We also revealed fetal-specific birthweight indirectly influenced breast cancer risk in adulthood via the path of age of menarche or age at menopause in terms of MR-based mediation analysis.
Conclusion

This study reveals that shared genetic foundation and causal mediation commonly drive the connection between the two traits, and that fetal/maternal-specific birthweight plays substantially distinct roles in such relationship. However, our work offers little supportive evidence for the fetal origins hypothesis of breast cancer originating in utero.
Incidence and Risk Factors Associated with Technique Failure in the First Year of Peritoneal Dialysis: A Single Center Retrospective Cohort Study in Southern China
Authors: Yang Xiao , Dong Xiao , Wu Haishan , Ye Hongjian , Yi Chunyan , Diao Xiangwen , Liu Ruihua , Mao Haiping , Huang Fengxian , Yu Xueqing 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Technique failure is more likely to occur during the first 12 months after peritoneal dialysis (PD) initiation, which is a great challenge encountered in PD patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence and risk factors associated with technique failure within the first year of PD patients in Southern China.Methods: Incident PD patients who were followed up for at least one year at The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2015 were included. Technique failure was defined as transfer to hemodialysis (HD) for more than 30 days or death within the first year after start of PD. A competitive risk regression analysis was used to explore the incidence and risk factors of the technique failure. Results: Overall, 2,290 incident PD patients were included in this study, with a mean age of 48.2 ± 15.7 years, 40.9% female and 25.2% with diabetes. A total of 173 patients (7.5%) had technique failure during the first year of PD. Among them, the patient death account for 62.4%(n=108) and transferring to HD account for 37.6% (n=65). The main reasons for death were cardiovascular diseases (n=32, 29.6%), infection (n=15, 13.8%) and for conversion to HD were catheter dysfunction (n=28, 16.2%), infection (n=22, 12.7%). The risk factors for the technique failure included advanced age (HR 2.78, 95%CI 1.82-4.30), low body mass index (BMI＜18.5 kg/m2: HR 1.77, 95%CI 1.17-2.67), history of congestive heart failure (HR 2.81, 95%CI 1.58-4.98), or HD (HR 1.49, 95%CI 1.05-2.10), peritonitis (HR 2.02, 95%CI 1.36-3.01) ;while higher serum albumin (HR 0.93, 95%CI 0.89-0.96) and using employee medical insurance to pay expenses (HR 0.47, 95%CI 0.32-0.69) were associated with reduced risk.Conclusions: Advanced age, poor nutritional status, history of HD or congestive heart failure, and peritonitis are related factors that increase the risk of technique failure in first year of PD, while patients' type of medical insurance may also have an influence on early technique failure.
Uncertainty Health Risk Assessment and Regional Control of Drinking Water: A Case Study of Hanyuan County, Southwest Mountainous Area, China
Authors: Lin Zhengjiang , Liu Ying , Cheng Zhihui , Zhao Rui , Zhang Han 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
To evaluate the health risks of drinking water in Hanyuan County, 96 samples of peripheral drinking water were collected from 30 sites in the area. The samples were then analysed for physicochemical properties including Fe, Mn, NH 3 -N, , F-, Pb, Hg, As, Cr 6+ , Cd, and so on. The health risks of ten trace elements in drinking water were probabilistically assessed using the health risk assessment model and Monte Carlo simulation. On this basis, sequential indicator simulations were used to classify the health risk levels of drinking water in the region, to conduct hierarchical management and control. The results showed that except for , all other indicators met World Health Organisation standards and China’s drinking water sanitation standards. Drinking water presents a specific carcinogenic risk to adults, and the cumulative contribution of As and Cr 6+ exceeds 95%, and has a specific non-carcinogenic risk to children if the cumulative contribution of F - , , and As exceeds 90%. Grade I, II, and III non-carcinogenic risk areas accounted for 0.89%, 24.72%, and 74.39% of the total area of Hanyuan County, respectively, while grade I, II, and III carcinogenic risk areas accounted for 27.71%, 45.56%, and 26.73% of the total Hanyuan County area, respectively. Finally, according to the health risk characteristics of each control area, corresponding zoning control suggestions were proposed.
Dynamical photon-photon interaction mediated by a quantum emitter
Authors: Jeannic Hanna Le , Tiranov Alexey , Carolan Jacques , Ramos Tomás , Wang Ying , Appel Martin , Scholz Sven , Wieck Andreas , Ludwig Arne , Rotenberg Nir , Midolo Leonardo , Ripoll Juanjo , Sørensen Anders S. , Lodahl Peter 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Single photons constitute a main platform in quantum science and technology: they carry quantum information over extended distances in the future quantum internet1 and can be manipulated in advanced photonic circuits enabling scalable photonic quantum computing. The main challenge in quantum photonics is how to generate advanced entangled resource states and efficient light-matter interfaces offer a path way. Here we utilize the efficient and coherent coupling of a single quantum emitter to a nanophotonic waveguide for realizing quantum nonlinear interaction between single-photon wavepackets. This inherently multimode quantum system constitutes a new research frontier in quantum optics. We demonstrate control of a photon with another photon and experimentally unravel the dynamical response of two-photon interactions mediated by a quantum emitter, and show that the induced quantum correlations are controlled by the pulse duration. The work will open new avenues for tailoring complex photonic quantum resource states.