bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Income‐based inequalities in dental service utilization: A multiple mediation analysis
Authors: Ghanbarzadegan Arash , Mittinty Murthy , Brennan David S , Jamieson Lisa M 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectivesWith elimination of the financial burden of dental services, one can expect an increase in utilization of dental services. This study aimed to investigate the effective mechanisms of financial barriers to the utilization of dental services in an Australian adult population.MethodsSouth Australian survey data from the Dental Care and Oral Health Study (2015) were analysed. Following the flexible mediation approach, the direct effect of income and indirect effect of income through mediators (insurance, concession card and service sector) on the outcomes (visit avoidance and treatment prevention due to the cost) were calculated.ResultsFindings showed that around half of the low‐income people and one‐third of the high‐income South Australians experienced a financial burden on receiving a dental visit or service. The indirect effect of income on both outcomes of financial burden was negligible, while the direct effect was significant. By changing the potential outcome distribution to their counterfactual exposure distribution and if the mediators are drawn from their counterfactual exposure (lower/higher income) distribution, the odds of visit avoidance and treatment prevention due to the cost were almost twice (Odds Ratio: 2.13, 95% CI 1.72–2.60) and 98% (Odds Ratio: 1.98, 95% CI 1.67–2.35) than in the lower‐income individuals, respectively.ConclusionsIt can be concluded that the level of household income, directly and regardless of insurance status, concession card ownership and whether the service sector was public or private, affected the financial burden on utilization of dental services.
CVFont: Synthesizing Chinese Vector Fonts via Deep Layout Inferring
Authors: Lian Zhouhui , Gao Yichen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCreating a high‐quality Chinese vector font library, which can be directly used in real applications is time‐consuming and costly, since the font library typically consists of large amounts of vector glyphs. To address this problem, we propose a data‐driven system in which only a small number (about 10%) of Chinese glyphs need to be designed. Specifically, the system first automatically decomposes those input glyphs into vector components. Then, a layout prediction module based on deep neural networks is applied to learn the layout style of input characters. Finally, proper components are selected to assemble the glyph of each unseen character based on the predicted layout to build the font library that can be directly used in computers and smart mobile devices. Experimental results demonstrate that our system synthesizes high‐quality glyphs and significantly enhances the producing efficiency of Chinese vector fonts.
Moisture and distribution of a keratophagous moth, Tinea occidentella
Authors: Strong Donald R. , John Christian 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Keratophagous insects consume proteinaceous foods (animal hair, feathers, and other substances containing keratin) that are low or even lacking in water, which necessitates a source of moisture beyond the primary diet.
Tinea occidentella Chambers 1880 (Lepidoptera, Tineidae), which feeds upon the keratin in fur and feathers in mammalian carnivore scat and in pellets of birds of prey (foods very low in water), affords an understanding of the ecology of keratophagous insects in nature. The common name “western clothes moth” is a misnomer as it does not eat clothes but only scat and pellets.
In laboratory experiments, we found that larvae did not absorb water vapour directly from the atmosphere, and they died at 45% rh–55% relative humidity (rh). We found no evidence that larvae drank. Larvae grew normally, had high survival, pupation, and eclosion only when feeding at very high (>88%–99%) rh upon fur from pellets and scat; the fur absorbed water from the atmosphere.
While scat and pellets are abundant throughout North America, T. occidentella is mostly restricted to the moist, mild climates of coastal central and southern California, where fog, dew, and morning high rh of 99% are common. Outside of this coastal envelope where growing season climate is warmer, drier, and becoming more so, the species is rare.
An intriguing notion, requiring research beyond the present report, is that the warming and drying climate of southwestern North America will contract the range of this insect.
City networks and the multi‐level governance of migration
Authors: Lacroix Thomas , Spencer Sarah 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHailed for their pragmatism, innovativeness and progressive views, cities and their networks seem to bring a fresh air in current migration debates. Our intent, in this special issue, is to address the scale and significance of this trend by contributing to a greater understanding of their networking activities. Revisiting the conceptual framework used in the literature to date, it addresses the diverse forms of networks, their drivers, internal operation and the functions they perform, at all levels of governance. This introductory paper starts with a review of the scholarship on migration‐related city networks. From there, we draw a more fine‐grained sense of the ambivalent role of city networks in the design and implementation of migration governance. The final part of this introduction introduces the papers included in this issue, pointing to the ways in which each casts significant new light on these aspects which, in the current literature, remain unresolved.
Osteocalcin association with vascular function in chronic kidney disease
Authors: Guo Xinru , Li Yisha , Zhou Yena , Zhang Chun , Liang Shuang , Zheng Ying , Chen Xiangmei , Cai Guangyan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOsteocalcin (OCN) is a bone‐derived and vitamin K dependent hormone that affects energy metabolism and vascular calcification. The relationship between serum OCN and vascular function in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is uncertain. This study investigated the association between serum OCN and vascular function as expressed with reactive hyperemia index (RHI) and augmentation index (AIx) measured by Endo‐PAT 2000 device. This cross‐sectional analysis was based on 256 pre‐dialysis CKD patients who had completed the Endo‐PAT 2000 test and serum OCN at the First Center of Chinese PLA Hospital from November 2017 to December 2019. Based on whether the RHI was less than 1.67, the patients were divided into endothelial dysfunction and normal endothelial function groups. Multiple logistic and linear regression were used to analyze the association between OCN and vascular function. Subgroup analyses were performed to examine the effects of OCN on vascular function in different CKD populations. After multivariate adjustment, CKD with low OCN were more likely to have endothelial dysfunction (OR: 0.794; 95%CI: 0.674‐0.934; P = .006); on the contrary, patients with high OCN had a higher degree of arterial stiffness (standardized β: 0.174; P = .003). Subgroup analyses showed that higher OCN was associated with severe arterial stiffness but a better endothelial function in young (age < 65 years, PRHI/PAIx@75 = .027/.011), male (PRHI/PAIx@75 = .040/.016), patients with a history of hypertension (PRHI/PAIx@75 = .004/.009) or diabetes (PRHI/PAIx@75 = .005/.005), and in early CKD (PRHI/PAIx@75 = .014/.015). In conclusion, serum OCN correlates with vascular function in CKD patients: beneficial for endothelial function but detrimental to arterial stiffness.
Changes in content of antioxidants and hydrolytic stability of black rice bran after heat‐ and enzymatic stabilizations and degradation kinetics during storage
Authors: Rattanathanan Yanisa , Kanha Nattapong , Osiriphun Sukhuntha , Rakariyatham Kanyasiri , Klangpetch Wannaporn , Laokuldilok Thunnop 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis research aimed to compare heat and enzymatic stabilization methods in terms of hydrolytic stability and changes in antioxidant compounds of rice bran during ambient storage. Raw non‐pigmented and black rice bran (RNB and RBB) showed high lipase activity (269.0 and 241.9 U/kg, respectively). Heat‐stabilized non‐pigmented and black rice bran samples (HNB and HBB) and enzymatically stabilized non‐pigmented and black rice bran samples (ENB and EBB) had much lower lipase activity (25.8 to 32.8 U/kg). Lipase activity was not increased in the stabilized samples during 8‐week storage and had high hydrolytic stability. Compared with raw rice bran, tocols, and anthocyanin contents in HNB and HBB decreased significantly, but γ‐oryzanol increased significantly, while all antioxidant compounds in ENB and EBB increased significantly. Antioxidant contents of rice bran decreased during storage following zero‐ and first‐order reaction kinetics. EBB showed the lowest k and the highest t1/2 values, indicating more stability of these antioxidants.Novelty impact statementIn this study, the effects of stabilization processes (including heat and enzymatic methods) on lipase inhibition and antioxidant contents in black rice bran are reported for the first time. Moreover, the changes in antioxidant contents in rice bran have been little studied, with no studies on black rice bran. This work proposes enzymatically stabilized black rice bran with high antioxidant content and high storage stability as a potent source of natural antioxidants suitable for use in the food industry.
Becoming Jane Barney: Developing a generative identity as an engaged citizen
Authors: Newton Nicky J. , Stewart Abigail J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveWe propose that analysis of the life of Jane Lockwood Barney provides insight into the notion of a “generative identity”—an integrated sense of self constructed around caring for others and the world. During her 104 years, the socially prescribed roles for women grew in range; Barney's own roles included minister's wife, mother of four, theological philosopher, social work student and professional, and community activist. We outline her life, focusing on three periods defined by her time at Parishfield, a Christian ‘think tank’ that focused on community‐engaged advocacy for structural change, based in Brighton, Michigan.MethodUsing thematic analysis, we identify three main themes from documents written by and about Barney, as well as interviews conducted later in her life.ResultsConsistent with Erikson's notion of epigenesis, these themes—belonging, self‐reliance/self‐expression and generative identity—are evident throughout Barney's adult life to varying degrees. However, we show that the first two themes, belonging and self‐reliance/self‐expression, act as precursors to the development of her generative identity.ConclusionBarney's experience at Parishfield in midlife was pivotal to her generative identity, acting as a sort of crucible and turning point; from that time forward the focus of her activities broadened to caring and working tirelessly for the underserved in her community.
When family interrupted work: The implications of gendered role perception in the face of COVID‐19
Authors: Lee S. Susie , Chao Melody M. , He Hongwei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDuring the COVID‐19 pandemic, many individuals are confronted with the work‐from‐home challenge, which often results in work‐family interference. Although prior to COVID‐19, the influence of traditional gender role expectations was shown to be reduced over time, it is unclear whether and how such traditional worldview might influence judgments towards men and women when family interrupted work under the threat of COVID‐19. This study presented and tested competing predictions derived from the gender role theory. An experimental study with 971 adults showed that during (vs. before) COVID‐19 pandemic, men were evaluated more negatively when they experienced family interruption to work compared with women. The negative evaluation further led to more punitive reactions and less support at work. The results suggested that gender role expectations reinforced the traditional status quo by punishing status‐quo‐breakers under the threat of COVID‐19.
Dietary poly‐β‐hydroxybutyrate supplementation can effectively improve growth, digestive enzyme activities, immune‐related gene expression, disease resistance, and intestinal mucosal barrier of gibel carp, Carassius auratus gibelio
Authors: Liu Yang , Chen Peng , Wang Zisheng , Lv Tingli , Li Xiaoxia , Tian Hongyan , Zhang Yichan , Cang Pingping , Chi Shuang , Sun Yuyu , Qiao Guo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPoly‐β‐hydroxybutyrate (PHB) can promote growth and enhance immunity of aquatic animals such as gibel carp, Carassius auratus gibelio. However, the optimal dietary supplementation level and feeding duration for gibel carp are still unclear. In this study, effects of various PHB supplementation levels on gibel carp growth performance, digestive enzyme activities, immune function, disease resistance, and intestinal mucosal barrier were evaluated. Six experimental diets differing in PHB levels were formulated, that is, 0% (P0 as control), 0.5% (P0.5), 1% (P1), 2% (P2), 4% (P4), and 8% (P8). Results indicated that PHB promoted fish growth performance significantly (p < 0.05). Compared to control group P0, the intestinal lipase, protease, and amylase activities in group P4 were significantly increased after 30 days (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, dietary PHB supplementation at 4% level for 30 days and 0.5% for 60 days upregulated the mRNA expression of immune‐related genes, including IL‐11, ITLN, MPO, KRT‐8, DUSP‐1, and PNP‐5α (p < 0.01). Furthermore, PHB at 4% for 30 days showed positive effects on disease resistance against both viral and bacterial infections and exerted beneficial effects on maintaining epithelial mucosal barrier integrity. In conclusion, 4% PHB supplementation for 30 days or 0.5% for 60 days was recommended for gibel carp culture.
Final safety and efficacy results from a 106 real‐world patients registry with an ascites‐mobilizing pump
Authors: Stirnimann Guido , Berg Thomas , Spahr Laurent , Zeuzem Stefan , McPherson Stuart , Lammert Frank , Storni Federico , Banz Vanessa , Babatz Jana , Vargas Victor , Geier Andreas , Engelmann Cornelius , Herber Adam , Trepte Claudia , Capel Jeroen , De Gottardi Andrea 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackground and aimsPatients with cirrhotic refractory ascites ineligible for transjugular intrahepatic shunt (TIPSS) have limited treatment options apart from repeated large volume paracentesis. The alfapump® is an implantable device mobilizing ascites from the peritoneal cavity to the bladder, from where it can be excreted. The aim of this observational cohort study was to prospectively investigate safety and efficacy of the device in a real‐world cohort with cirrhotic refractory ascites and contraindications for TIPSS.MethodsA total of 106 patients received an implant at 12 European centres and were followed up for up to 24 months. Complications, device deficiencies, frequency of paracentesis, clinical status and survival were recorded prospectively.ResultsApproximately half of the patients died on‐study, about a quarter was withdrawn because of serious adverse events leading to explant, a sixth were withdrawn because of liver transplant or recovery, and nine completed follow‐up. The most frequent causes of on‐study death and complication‐related explant were progression of liver disease and infection. The device reduced the requirement for large‐volume paracentesis significantly, with more than half of patients not having required any post‐implant. Survival benefits were not observed. Device‐related reinterventions were predominantly caused by device deficiencies. A post‐hoc comparison of the first 50 versus the last 50 patients enrolled revealed a decreased reintervention rate in the latter, mainly related to peritoneal catheter modifications.ConclusionsThe device reduced paracentesis frequency in a real‐world setting. Technical complications were successfully decreased by optimization of management and device modification (NCT01532427).
The role and interaction between transcription factor NAC‐NOR and DNA demethylase SlDML2 in the biosynthesis of tomato fruit flavor volatiles
Authors: Gao Ying , Lin Yujing , Xu Min , Bian Hanxiao , Zhang Chi , Wang Jingyu , Wang Hanqing , Xu Yaping , Niu Qingfeng , Zuo Jinhua , Fu Da‐Qi , Pan Yu , Chen Kunsong , Klee Harry , Lang Zhaobo , Zhang Bo 
Published: June 2022

Summary

Flavor‐imparting volatile chemicals accumulate as fruits ripen, making major contributions to taste. The NAC transcription factor nonripening (NAC‐NOR) and DNA demethylase 2 (SlDML2) are essential for tomato fruit ripening, but details of the potential roles and the relationship between these two regulators in the synthesis of volatiles are lacking.

Here, we show substantial reductions in fatty acid and carotenoid‐derived volatiles in tomato slnor and sldml2 mutants. An unexpected finding is the redundancy and divergence in volatile profiles, biosynthetic gene expression, and DNA methylation in slnor and sldml2 mutants relative to wild‐type tomato fruit. Reduced transcript levels are accompanied by hypermethylation of promoters, including the NAC‐NOR target gene lipoxygenase (SlLOXC) that is involved in fatty acid‐derived volatile synthesis.

Interestingly, NAC‐NOR activates SlDML2 expression by directly binding to its promoter both in vitro and in vivo. Meanwhile, reduced NAC‐NOR expression in the sldml2 mutant is accompanied by hypermethylation of its promoter. These results reveal a relationship between SlDML2‐mediated DNA demethylation and NAC‐NOR during tomato fruit ripening.

In addition to providing new insights into the metabolic modulation of flavor volatiles, the outcome of our study contributes to understanding the genetics and control of fruit ripening and quality attributes in tomato.
An improved scoring system for monitoring oral lichen planus: A preliminary clinical study
Authors: Wu Ying , Xu Hao , Wang Yufeng , Li Chunlei , Tang Guoyao , Hua Hong , Li Xiaoying , Jin Xin , Zeng Xin , Zhou Yu , Chen Qianming 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo design an improved oral lichen planus (OLP) scoring system, which can be widely applied.Subjects and MethodsA new scoring system that took reticulation, hyperemia and ulceration (RHU) into account, named as RHU scoring system, was designed for OLP patients' management. The patients were also scored for the reticulation/erythema/ulcer (REU) scoring system, physician global assessment (PGA), numerical rating scale (NRS) and Oral Health Impact Profile‐14 (OHIP‐14). The reliability and validity analyses were utilized to assess the RHU scoring system. We further applied the RHU scoring system to examine the treatment outcomes of topical dexamethasone sodium phosphate and general hydroxychloroquine hydrochloride among OLP patients.ResultsForty‐eight OLP patients from two medical centers were recruited. This new scoring system has reliability with an internal consistency index Cronbach α 0.49. The Pearson correlation of RHU score with PGA and REU score were 0.891 and 0.675 (p < 0.05) respectively, reflecting satisfactory standard validity. A 10% change in RHU score was used as the disease condition evaluation standard, reflecting satisfactory discriminating validity (t = −5.821, p < 0.001). During follow‐ups, scores of all scales decreased at each re‐visit. The drop between each visit of OHIP‐14 fluctuated compared with the RHU system and NRS.ConclusionsAs a semi‐quantitative score system, the RHU scoring system can reflect the severity of OLP patients with hyperemia and ulceration lesions more accurately and sensitively compared with other score systems, which provides the potential to be widely used.
Factors Associated with Postoperative Respiratory Complications following Posterior Spinal Instrumentation in Children with Early‐onset Scoliosis
Authors: Zhang Ying , Wang Yingsong , Xie Jingming , Bi Ni , Zhao Zhi , Li Tao , Shi Zhiyue , Huang Tianyi , Gao Bing , Gu Kaiwen , Li Wuyao 
Published: June 2022

ObjectiveTo investigate the incidence and risk factors of postoperative respiratory complications (PRCs) in children with early‐onset scoliosis (EOS) following posterior spine deformity surgery (PSDS) based on growth‐friendly techniques, so as to help improve the safety of surgery.MethodsA retrospective study of children with EOS admitted for PSDS based on growth‐friendly techniques from October 2013 to October 2018 was reviewed at a single center. There were 73 children (30 boys, 43 girls) who fulfilled the criteria in this research. The mean age of the patients was 7 ± 6.2 years. Patients were divided into the groups with and without PRCs. Variables that might affect the PRCs during the perioperative period, including general factors, radiographic factors, laboratory factors and surgical factors, were analyzed using univariate analysis to evaluate the potential risk factors. The variables that were significantly different were further analyzed by binary logistic regression analysis to identify the independent factors of PRCs.ResultsAll the 73 children included 42 idiopathic scoliosis (57.5%), 12 congenital scoliosis (16.4%), 10 syndromic scoliosis (13.7%) and nine neuromuscular scoliosis (12.3%). PRCs were detected in 16 children (21.9%) with nine different PRCs. The total frequency of detected PRCs was 54, including pleural effusion (25.9%), postoperative pneumonia (20.4%), hypoxemia (18.5%), atelectasis (14.8%), prolonged intubation with mechanical positive pressure ventilatory support (PIMPPVS) (7.4%), bronchospasm (3.7%), reintubation (3.7%), delayed extubation (3.7%) and pneumothorax (1.9%). Results of univariate testing demonstrated that the following six variables were statistically different (P < 0.05): nonidiopathic scoliosis, combined with pulmonary comorbidities, pretransferrin < 200 mg/dL, prealbumin < 3.5 g/dL, anesthesia time ≥ 300 min and blood loss to total blood volume ratio (BL/TBV) ≥ 15%. Binary logistic regression analysis confirmed that BL/TBV≥15% (odd ratio OR = 29.188, P = 0.010), combined with pulmonary comorbidities (OR = 19.216, P = 0.012), pretransferrin < 200 mg/dL (OR = 11.503, p = 0.024), and nonidiopathic scoliosis (OR = 7.632, P = 0.046) were positively linear correlated with PRCs in children with EOS following PSDS.ConclusionPRCs has a higher incidence in children with EOS following PSDS. BL/TBV ≥15%, combined with pulmonary comorbidities, pre‐transferrin < 200 mg/dL, and nonidiopathic scoliosis play an important role for the development of PRCs in this population.
Triple access transvenous lead extraction: Pull‐through of a lead from subclavian to jugular access to facilitate extraction
Authors: Akhtar Zaki , Zaman Khiast Ullah , Leung Lisa WM , Zuberi Zia , Sohal Manav , Gallagher Mark M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA 39‐years old ventricular lead of a right‐sided single‐chamber pacemaker required extraction for infection. Angulation at the right subclavian‐superior vena cava junction coupled with calcified fibrotic encapsulating tissue prevented advancement of a rotational dissecting sheath. To straighten the lead, it was pulled from the subclavian and out of the right internal jugular vein, whilst the Needle's‐Eye Snare via the femoral access provided counter‐traction. A 13‐french rotational dissecting sheath was successfully advanced over the lead via the jugular access to complete the lead extraction without any complication.