bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of fecal and serummicroRNAprofiles with gastrointestinal cancer and chronic inflammatory enteropathy in dogs
Authors: Lyngby Janne G. , Gòdia Marta , Brogaard Louise , Kristensen Annemarie T. , Fredholm Merete , Skancke Ellen , Morris Joanna , Dupont Nana , Salavati Schmitz Silke , Argyle David , Sánchez Armand , Bjørnvad Charlotte R. , Graarup‐Hansen Kasper , Spohr Anette , Cirera Susanna , Nielsen Lise N. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundReliable biomarkers to differentiate gastrointestinal cancer (GIC) from chronic inflammatory enteropathy (CIE) in dogs are needed. Fecal and serum microRNAs (miRNAs) have been proposed as diagnostic and prognostic markers of GI disease in humans and dogs.Hypothesis/ObjectivesDogs with GIC have fecal and serum miRNA profiles that differ from those of dogs with CIE. Aims: (a) identify miRNAs that differentiate GIC from CIE, (b) use high‐throughput reverse transcription quantitative real‐time PCR (RT‐qPCR) to establish fecal and serum miRNA panels to distinguish GIC from CIE in dogs.AnimalsTwenty‐four dogs with GIC, 10 dogs with CIE, and 10 healthy dogs, all client‐owned.MethodsAn international multicenter observational prospective case‐control study. Small RNA sequencing was used to identify fecal and serum miRNAs, and RT‐qPCR was used to establish fecal and serum miRNA panels with the potential to distinguish GIC from CIE.ResultsThe best diagnostic performance for distinguishing GIC from CIE was fecal miR‐451 (AUC: 0.955, sensitivity: 86.4%, specificity: 100%), miR‐223 (AUC: 0.918, sensitivity: 90.9%, specificity: 80%), and miR‐27a (AUC: 0.868, sensitivity: 81.8%, specificity: 90%) and serum miR‐20b (AUC: 0.905, sensitivity: 90.5%, specificity: 90%), miR‐148a‐3p (AUC: 0.924, sensitivity: 85.7%, specificity: 90%), and miR‐652 (AUC: 0.943, sensitivity: 90.5%, specificity: 90%). Slightly improved diagnostic performance was achieved when combining fecal miR‐451 and miR‐223 (AUC: 0.973, sensitivity: 95.5%, specificity: 90%).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceWhen used as part of a diagnostic RT‐qPCR panel, the abovementioned miRNAs have the potential to function as noninvasive biomarkers for the differentiation of GIC and CIE in dogs.
Late‐season drought exerts more negative effects on plant diversity and cover than early‐season drought through changing soil moisture in a semi‐arid grassland
Authors: Miao Renhui , Miao Yuan , Liu Yuli , Guo Meixia , Fu Guangya , Xiao Rui , Yang Zhongling , Li Guoyong , Chen Zhijie , Han Shijie 
Published: September 2022

AbstractQuestionsDrought timing during the growing season can profoundly influence plant diversity and cover, with subsequent impacts on ecosystem functions and services in terrestrial environments. However, the different responses of plant communities to drought in different periods of the growing season remain uncertain.LocationThe research was conducted in a semi‐arid grassland at the Duolun Restoration Ecology Research and Demonstration Station, in Inner Mongolia, China.MethodsThe responses of plant species richness and cover to early‐ and late‐season drought with a four‐year field experiment were examined in a semi‐arid grassland in northern China. Soil moisture at different depths was measured to explore the underlying mechanisms of the drought effects on plant richness and cover.ResultsOver the four years, late‐ rather than early‐season drought suppressed plant richness. Decreased species richness (−1.65 species) under late‐season drought was mainly due to suppressed perennial forb richness (−1.88 species). Late‐season drought also exerted greater negative effects on plant cover than early‐season drought. Effects of late‐season drought on plant cover depended on annual precipitation. Reduced plant cover (−7.5%) under early‐season drought stemmed from declines in shrubs and semi‐shrubs, particularly Artemisia frigida cover (−4.9%), which is sensitive to water deficits because of its shallow root depth (14.01 cm). Declined plant cover (−39.0%) under late‐season drought was mainly caused by suppressed perennial forb (−21.5%) and shrub and semi‐shrubs cover (−17.4%). The combined effects of early‐ and late‐season drought on plant cover were greater than the treatment alone, likely due to aggravating water deficits under growing‐season drought.ConclusionsOur results suggest late‐season drought is more critical for shifting plant communities. than early‐season drought. Our findings highlight the regulatory role of drought timing on plant community composition and development in arid and semi‐arid regions.
A New Westphalia in MENA after the Arab Revolutions
Authors: Taman Dina , El‐Enany Mohamed Shawky 
Published: September 2022

AbstractViolent struggles in the Middle East and North Africa have led many experts to compare this era to the Thirty Years’ War, a set of interlinked and extremely deadly and destructive conflicts in Europe (1618‐48). Like that conflagration four centuries ago, they involve internal uprisings, civil conflicts, proxy wars, foreign intervention, geopolitical struggles, great‐power competition, and the participation of many regional political players. At root, all these conflicts are fights for sovereignty, one of the most important pillars upon which the state is based, the violation of which often leads to the outbreak of war. For this reason, many assert that the time is right to try to solve contemporary problems by forging a new Westphalia treaty. This study analyzes the Thirty Years’ War and the groundbreaking treaty that emerged from it, then presents a strategy to preserve state sovereignty and seek peace in the region.
Blue Light Deactivation of Catalase Suppresses Candida Hyphae Development Through Lipogenesis Inhibition
Authors: Jusuf Sebastian , Zhan Yuewei , Zhang Meng , Alexander Natalie J. , Viens Adam , Mansour Michael K. , Cheng Ji‐Xin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHyphae formation is a key step for fungal penetration into epithelial cells and escaping from macrophages or neutrophils. We found that 405 nm light‐induced catalase deactivation results in the inhibition of hyphae growth in Candida albicans. The treatment is capable of inhibiting hyphae growth across multiple hyphae‐producing Candida species. Metabolic studies on light‐treated C. albicans reveal that light treatment results in a strong reduction in both lipid and protein metabolism. A significant decrease in unsaturated and saturated fatty acids was detected through mass spectroscopy, indicating that the suppression of hyphae through light‐induced catalase deactivation may occur through inhibition of lipid metabolism. Initial in vivo tests indicate that blue light treatment can suppress the hyphae forming capabilities of C. albicans within murine abrasion infections. Together, these findings open new avenues for the treatment of Candida fungal infections by targeting their dimorphism.
A framework for supporting health capability‐based planning: Identifying and structuring health capabilities
Authors: Zawadzki Marcelo , Montibeller Gilberto 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has highlighted that health security systems must be redesigned, in a way that they are better prepared and ready to cope with multiple and diverse health threats, from predictable and well‐known epidemics to unexpected and challenging pandemics. A powerful way of accomplishing this goal is to focus the planning on health capabilities. This focus may enhance the ability to respond to and recover from health threats and emergencies, while helping to identify the level of resources required to maintain and build up those capabilities that are critical in ensuring the preparedness of health security systems. However, current attempts for defining and organizing health capabilities have some important limitations. First, such attempts were not designed to consider diverse scenarios and multiple health threats. Second, they provide a limited representation of capabilities and lack a systemic perspective. Third, they struggle to identify capability and resource gaps. In this article, we thus propose a new framework for identifying and structuring health capabilities and support health capability planning. The suggested framework has three main potential benefits. First, the framework may help policymakers in planning under high levels of uncertainty, by considering multiple realistic and stressful scenarios. Second, it can provide risk analysts with a more comprehensive representation of health capabilities and their complex relationships. Third, it can support planners in identifying resource and capability gaps. We illustrate the use of the framework in practice considering an outbreak scenario caused by three different health threats (COVID‐19, Ebola, and Influenza viruses).
Product diversification as a performance boosting strategy? Drivers and impact of diversification strategies in the property‐liability insurance industry
Authors: Duijm Patty , Van Beveren Ilke 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe investigate the relationship between product diversification and performance in the Dutch property‐liability (P&L) insurance industry for the period 2007–2018. We control for endogeneity by employing a two‐step approach: we first investigate the drivers of diversification and, as a second step, we investigate the impact of diversification on risk and return. We find that the impact of diversification is twofold, as it reduces an insurer's risk but is also associated with lower returns. Our results suggest that the relation between diversification and performance is not straightforward, but is influenced by the size of an insurance undertaking. Specifically, only smaller companies' performance is significantly impacted by diversification.
Identification of candidate genes in cotton associated with specific seed traits and their initial functional characterization in Arabidopsis
Authors: Hu Yan , Han Zegang , Shen Weijuan , Jia Yinhua , He Lu , Si Zhanfeng , Wang Qiong , Fang Lei , Du Xiongming , Zhang Tianzhen 
Published: September 2022

SUMMARYOilseed crops are used to produce vegetable oil to satisfy the requirements of humans and livestock. Cotton (Gossypium spp.) is of great economic value because it is used as both an important textile commodity and a nutrient‐rich resource. Cottonseed oil is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids and does not contain trans fatty acids; hence, it is considered a healthy vegetable oil. However, research on the genetic basis for cottonseed protein content, oil production, and fatty acid composition is lacking. Here, we investigated the protein content, oil content, and fatty acid composition in terms of oleic acid (C18:1) and linoleic acid (C18:2) in mature cottonseeds from 318 Gossypium hirsutum accessions. Moreover, we examined the dynamic change of protein content and lipid composition including palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0), oleic acid (C18:1), linoleic acid (C18:2), and linolenic acid (C18:3) in developing seeds from 258 accessions at 10 and 20 days post‐anthesis. Then, we conducted a genome‐wide association study and identified 152 trait‐associated loci and 64 candidate genes responsible for protein and oil‐related contents in mature cottonseeds and ovules. Finally, six candidate genes were experimentally validated to be involved in the regulation of fatty acid biosynthesis through heterologous expression in Arabidopsis. These results comprise a solid foundation for expanding our understanding of lipid biosynthesis in cotton, which will help breeders manipulate protein and oil contents to make it a fully developed ‘fiber, food, and oil crop’.
Hox‐driven conditional immortalization of myeloid and lymphoid progenitors: Uses, advantages, and future potential
Authors: Lail Shranjit S. , Arnold Corey R. , de Almeida Luiz G. N. , McKenna Neil , Chiriboga Jose A. , Dufour Antoine , Warren Amy L. , Yates Robin Michael 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThose who study macrophage biology struggle with the decision whether to utilize primary macrophages derived directly from mice or opt for the convenience and genetic tractability of immortalized macrophage‐like cell lines in in vitro studies. Particularly when it comes to studying phagocytosis and phagosomal maturation—a signature cellular process of the macrophage—many commonly used cell lines are not representative of what occurs in primary macrophages. A system developed by Mark Kamps' group, that utilizes conditionally constitutive activity of Hox transcription factors (Hoxb8 and Hoxa9) to immortalize differentiation‐competent myeloid cell progenitors of mice, offers an alternative to the macrophage/macrophage‐like dichotomy. In this resource, we will review the use of Hoxb8 and Hoxa9 as hematopoietic regulators to conditionally immortalize murine hematopoietic progenitor cells which retain their ability to differentiate into many functional immune cell types including macrophages, neutrophils, basophils, osteoclasts, eosinophils, dendritic cells, as well as limited potential for the generation of lymphocytes. We further demonstrate that the use of macrophages derived from Hoxb8/Hoxa9 immortalized progenitors and their similarities to bone marrow‐derived macrophages. To supplement the existing data, mass spectrometry‐based proteomics, flow cytometry, cytology, and in vitro phagosomal assays were conducted on macrophages derived from Hoxb8 immortalized progenitors and compared to bone marrow‐derived macrophages and the macrophage‐like cell line J774. We additionally propose the use of a standardized nomenclature to describe cells derived from the Hoxb8/Hoxa9 system in anticipation of their expanded use in the study of leukocyte cell biology.
The role of oestrogen in determining sexual dimorphism in energy balance
Authors: De Jesus Anne Nicole , Henry Belinda A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEnergy balance is determined by caloric intake and the rate at which energy is expended, with the latter comprising resting energy expenditure, physical activity and adaptive thermogenesis. The regulation of both energy intake and expenditure exhibits clear sexual dimorphism, with young women being relatively protected against weight gain and the development of cardiometabolic diseases. Preclinical studies have indicated that females are more sensitive to the satiety effects of leptin and insulin compared to males. Furthermore, females have greater thermogenic activity than males, whereas resting energy expenditure is generally higher in males than females. In addition to this, in post‐menopausal women, the decline in sex steroid concentration, particularly in oestrogen, is associated with a shift in the distribution of adipose tissue and overall increased propensity to gain weight. Oestrogens are known to regulate energy balance and weight homeostasis via effects on both food intake and energy expenditure. Indeed, 17β‐oestradiol treatment increases melanocortin signalling in the hypothalamus to cause satiety. Furthermore, oestrogenic action at the ventromedial hypothalamus has been linked with increased energy expenditure in female mice. We propose that oestrogen action on energy balance is multi‐faceted and is fundamental to determining sexual dimorphism in weight control. Furthermore, evidence suggests that the decline in oestrogen levels leads to increased risk of weight gain and development of cardiometabolic disease in women across the menopausal transition.
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Flavonoids for viral acute respiratory tract infections: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Yao Jia , Zhao Jia , Wang Xianzhe , Yang Zhaojun , Lin Yuping , Sun Lu , Zhang Yuan , Lu Qiyun , Fan Guanjie 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionHerbal and ‘natural’ products are a growing industry in today’s society because they reportedly help with numerous diseases and ailments. To date, there are some randomised controlled trials (RCTs) conducted on patients concerning the efficacy of flavonoids against viral acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI) showing inconsistent results. On this basis, we will summarise the available evidence to investigate the efficacy of flavonoids on viral ARTI by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis.Methods and analysisThis protocol has been registered. The systematic review and meta-analysis will be conducted by Cochrane guidelines and reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis statement. RCTs comparing the flavonoids group with the control group for treating virus-induced ARTI will be included. RCTs published with relative outcomes will be searched through 12 databases. Data were searched from inception to 25 March 2022. Relevant literature search, data extraction and quality assessment will be performed by pairs of reviewers independently, and the third researcher will be involved in a discussion for disagreements. Stata V.16.0 software will be used for statistical analysis. Dichotomous data will use the ORs with 95% CIs. Continuous data will use the weighted mean difference with 95% CIs. Heterogeneity will be tested by χ2-based Cochran Q statistic and I2statistic. Sensitivity analyses and subgroup analyses will be used to observe the heterogeneity between included studies. The funnel plot, Egger’s test and Begg’s test will be used to judge the publication bias. A p<0.05 will be considered to indicate a statistically significant result.Trail registration numberINPLASY202180107.
Determinants of responsiveness to multidisciplinary chronic pain management interventions: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Marttinen Maiju , Oura Petteri , Huttunen Merja , Vartiainen Pekka , Paananen Markus 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThe current manuscript presents a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of the evidence regarding the determinants of responsiveness to multidisciplinary management of chronic pain, with pain intensity, pain-related interference, physical functioning and health-related quality of life as the main outcomes, with consideration to multiple secondary outcomes.Methods and analysisTo identify relevant studies, the Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, Ovid PsycINFO, EBSCO CINAHL and Scopus databases will be searched for all studies exploring factors associated with responsiveness to multidisciplinary pain management from study inception to the present. Cohorts, case–control studies and randomised controlled trials will be included. Independent screening for eligible studies will be completed by a total of four researchers using defined criteria. Data extraction will be executed by two researchers. Study heterogeneity will be estimated using the I2index. A meta-analysis will be performed using random effects models. Publication bias will be evaluated by means of funnel plots and Egger’s test.Ethics and disseminationThe proposed study does not involve collection of primary data. Therefore, no ethical approval is required. The results of the systematic review and meta-analysis will be presented in a peer-reviewed journal and at conferences.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021236424.
Patient-reported outcome measures to detect intentional, mixed, or unintentional non-adherence to medication: a systematic review
Authors: Fahrni Mathumalar Loganathan , Saman Kamaliah Md , Alkhoshaiban Ali Saleh , Naimat Faiza , Ramzan Farzan , Isa Khairil Anuar Md 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveTo categorise patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) into their propensity to detect intentional and/or unintentional non-adherence to medication, and synthesise their psychometric properties.DesignSystematic review and regression analysis.EligibilityMedication adherence levels studied at primary, secondary and tertiary care settings. Self-reported measures with scoring methods were included. Studies without proxy measures were excluded.Data sourcesUsing detailed searches with key concepts including questionnaires, reliability and validity, and restricted to English, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, and Cochrane Library were searched until 01 March 2022. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 (PRISMA-2020) checklist was used.Data analysisRisk of bias was assessed via COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN-2018) guidelines. Narrative synthesis aided by graphical figures and statistical analyses.Outcome measuresProcess domains [behaviour (e.g., self-efficacy), barrier (e.g., impaired dexterity) or belief (e.g., perception)], and overall outcome domains of either intentional (I), unintentional (UI), or mixed non-adherence.ResultsPaper summarises evidence from 59 studies of PROMs, validated among patients aged 18–88 years in America, the United Kingdom, Europe, Middle East, and Australasia. PROMs detected outcome domains: intentional non-adherence, n=44 (I=491 criterion items), mixed intentionality, n=13 (I=79/UI=50), and unintentional, n=2 (UI=5). Process domains detected include belief (383 criterion items), barrier (192) and behaviour (165). Criterion validity assessment used proxy measures (biomarkers, e-monitors), and scoring was ordinal, dichotomised, or used Visual Analogue Scale. Heterogeneity was revealed across psychometric properties (consistency, construct, reliability, discrimination ability). Intentionality correlated positively with negative beliefs (r(57)=0.88) and barriers (r(57)=0.59). For every belief or barrier criterion-item, PROMs’ aptitude to detect intentional non-adherence increased by β=0.79 and β=0.34 units, respectively (R2=0.94). Primary care versus specialised care predicted intentional non-adherence (OR 1.9; CI 1.01 to 2.66).ConclusionsTen PROMs hadadequatepsychometric properties. Of the ten, eight PROMs were able to detect total, and two PROMs were able to detect partial intentionality to medication default. Fortification of patients’ knowledge and illness perception, as opposed to daily reminders alone, is most imperative at primary care levels.
Burn-out and relationship with the learning environment among psychiatry residents: a longitudinal study
Authors: Chew Qian Hui , Cleland Jennifer , Sim Kang 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesRecent research suggests that burn-out is high and appears to be rooted in system-level factors including the local learning environment (LE). While most studies on this topic have been cross-sectional, our aim was to explore the relationship between burn-out and the LE over time within psychiatry residents. We hypothesised that burn-out is a significant predictor of learner perception of overall and all subdomains of LE within residents.DesignThis was a repeated measures questionnaire study.SettingWe surveyed psychiatry residents in Singapore between January 2016 and December 2019.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe Oldenburg Burnout Inventory and the Postgraduate Hospital Education Environment Measure (PHEEM) were used to assess burn-out and resident perception of the LE, respectively. Linear mixed modelling was used to examine changes in PHEEM scores over time while taking into account burn-out status.ParticipantsOverall, 93 residents (response rate 89.4%) took part.ResultsThe average difference between initial PHEEM total scores for residents with and without burn-out was significant (p<0.001). Burn-out status was a significant predictor of lower overall and all subdomain PHEEM scores at baseline (all p<0.001). PHEEM Teaching scores showed a significant increase over time for all residents regardless of burn-out status (p<0.05). However, PHEEM Total, Role Autonomy, Social Support scores did not change significantly over time or change significantly between residents with or without burn-out.ConclusionsPerceptions of LE among psychiatry residents at baseline are inversely associated with burn-out status. That only the Teaching subdomain score increased over time could be accounted for by the fact that it is a more tangible and visible aspect of the LE compared with perceived role autonomy or social support subdomains. Our findings underscore the importance of attending to the well-being and improving the LE of our residents so as to optimise learning during training.