bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Love Should not hurt-Why Women stay in an abusive relationship?
Authors: PUSHKARNA MEGHA , Madonna Ms. Anannya G , Waddar Dr. Mahadevi , Gopan Ms Rakhi N 
Published: October 2022

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<p>Domestic violence is physical, sexual, or psychological abuse directed towards one’s spouse, partner, or other family member within the household. Domestic abuse is a pattern of one person exerting coercive control over another. The one who abuses, uses physical and sexual threats, emotional insults, and financial deprivation to control and manipulate the victims. The aggression might be intermittent, infrequent, or chronic in nature. Violence against women, particularly intimate partner violence and sexual violence against women causes major public health problems and violations of women’s human rights. According to the World Health Organization, globally about 1 in 3 (30%) of women worldwide suffer either physical and/or sexual intimate partner violence or non-partner sexual violence in their lifetime. Worldwide, almost one third (27%) of women aged 15-49 years who have been in a relationship report that they have faced mild to severe forms of physical and/or sexual violence by their intimate partner. (WHO, 2021). </p>
Analysis of Gender Disparity in Assam of Workforce Participation & Education
Authors: Bhowmick Rupon , Bora Rajeeb , Devi Mridula 
Published: October 2022

<p>Gender equality is one important sustainable development goal. This goal has so many positive aspects in the development path of a nation. And gender equality can only be achieved through providing education to all. Because in developing countries like India social behavior is that males are bread earners and females, only take care of the family. If we do not give importance to female education, then there will be very high gender disparity in workforce participation and gender inequality. </p>
Predicting cognitive effort: role of mental energy, performance feedback, arithmetic skill, and caffeine
Authors: Bilgen Gamze , Schulz Daniela , Tanriverdi Dilce 
Published: October 2022

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<p>Effortful behavior sustains family life, makes careers, and improves mental health. Effort is a motivational construct that is typically distinguished from physical and mental energy in diagnostic systems. However, overlapping neural substrates pertaining to the dopamine system tie these constructs together. To shed light on this conflict, here we assessed the individual contributions of mental energy, performance feedback, arithmetic skill, and caffeine to effortful decision-making in a novel, low-cost, high-throughput behavioral task that we designed to measure known dopaminergic functions. In this task, participants chose to expend high or low cognitive effort, solving arithmetic questions in working memory, while taking into account the size of reward associated with each choice, and also the likelihood of winning the reward. We found that individuals high in mental energy chose to expend high cognitive effort when the reward probability was high, but that low energy individuals made fewer high effort choices even when the rewards were likely. High energy individuals prioritized feedback from high effort tasks, whereas low energy individuals responded to feedback from low effort tasks. Arithmetic accuracy, a reward contingency, was predicted by an index of arithmetic skill and caffeine consumption. Shared variances between mental energy, arithmetic accuracy, and cognitive effort point to overlapping substrates. Insights gained have important implications for job and academic environments in which mental effort is key to success. </p>
The Blackboard Learning Management System in the Preparatory Year: Perceptions of EFL Students
Authors: Mahmoud Montasser , Moumene Ahmed 
Published: October 2022

<p> This research was carried out at Dammam University's Preparatory Year and Supporting Studies Deanship during the second semester of the academic year 2020-2021. The population included both genders with different levels of English proficiency (Tables No. 1 and No. 2). A random process was used to choose the samples. A total of 255 students were selected from a total population of 756. The Sample Size Calculator (https://www.surveysystem.com/sscalc.htm), a public service of Creative Research Systems survey software, was used to establish the size of the sample that represents the target population of students. Students' perceptions of learning and teaching processes via Blackboard were among the variables used to create the samples. In the preparatory year, 255 students from the scientific, engineering, and health tracks responded to the survey, out of a total population of 756 at the 95 percent confidence level. Quantitative data was collected using mostly closed questions in the same previous questionnaire for students of both genders. The participants' basic personal data was collected in the first section (Students’ gender, track, and level of English proficiency). A five-point Likert scale was used to measure differences in opinions about the Blackboard experience in the other sections of the questionnaire (Not at all Effective/Strongly disagree, Slightly Effective/Disagree, Moderately Effective/Neutral, Very Effective/Agree, Extremely Effective/Strongly agree). The final section included open-ended questions designed to elicit further recommendations from both sets of participants regarding problems. The averages were calculated using statistical operations on the collected data for the analysis </p>
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on behavior changes among Japanese in different demographics: Examination using a free-response survey
Authors: Kikutani Mariko , Matsui Mie , Takiguchi Yuta 
Published: October 2022

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<p>Background: The spread of COVID-19 has changed people’s everyday behaviors. The present research aimed to describe the dynamics of changes experienced by Japanese people with varying demographic backgrounds, aiming to reveal how those demographic features mediate the behavior changes caused by the pandemic. While most past studies investigating behavioral change caused by the pandemic used multiple-choice questions about pre-selected behaviors, the present research used a free-response style survey to cover a wide range of behaviors. Methods: 301 Japanese with varying demography took part in an online survey. They firstly wrote down at least five activities they frequently performed before the virus outbreak. After, they did the same about their current life. Results: A total of 1858 answers for the before-condition and 1668 answers were collected and grouped into 19 categories. The appearance rate for each category (the number of items divided by the number of participants) was calculated. Those appearance rates were compared across conditions (before and after the outbreak) and demographic features. Conclusion: Although the pandemic altered most people's daily behaviors, its impacts were not identical to everyone and were significantly mediated by individual's demography. </p>
Economic Analysis of Civil Conflict in Nepal
Authors: Bhattarai Richa 
Published: October 2022

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<p>The armed conflict between the Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) and the Government of Nepal increased the expenditure of the state on security almost doubled from 1.6 percent of the GDP to 3 percent between 2001 and 2004. The defense budget increased from Rs. 4 billion to Rs. 12 billion a year which was largely because the number of Nepalese Army increased from 46,000 to 96,000. There are numerous studies conducted on Nepal’s’ socio- economic and political aspects during the civil conflict. Much research has focused on the impact on trade and commerce, but little attention has been paid to the increasing security expenditure during the conflict. To fully recognize this dimension of expenditure of the state we must therefore understand the increasing security cost during the conflict, not just the impact of conflict on trade and commerce. Examining various data and information on economic analysis of civil conflict, this paper studies the effects of increased expenditure on defense required during the Maoist insurgency in Nepal. What was the opportunity costs of increases in security expenditure by Nepalese government to invest its war against the Maoist rebellion? How sudden increase in security spending by the government reduced development expenditure and investment of Nepal? How conflict has impacted significantly in the development of education, employment opportunities, health services, and public and private investment?</p>
The Political Use of Encrypted Messaging Applications: Evidence from Southeast Asia and its Implications for the Global Public Sphere
Authors: Martin Zelly , Trauthig Inga K , Glover Katlyn , Woolley Samuel 
Published: October 2022

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<p>This study relies on qualitative, semi-structured interviews with both makers and trackers of political content on EMAs in order to facilitate free-flowing conversations in which the insight of these interviewees can be uncovered. The interviewees consisted of activists, experts, fact-checkers, journalists, politicians, and producers of disinformation to glean insight from members of civil society (fact-checkers, organized activists), the state (politicians and propagandists), and the public (experts who spoke on the general public). We began by contacting experts, fact-checkers, and politicians in each region and then utilized snowball sampling to contact hard to reach populations, such as activists and disinformation producers. We conducted 16 qualitative interviews from June 2021 to October 2021 virtually of interviewees in, from, or knowledgeable about the spaces of Myanmar, the Philippines, and Indonesia. Our interviewees in the Philippines consisted of two presidential communications employees (one of which was a social media specialist), a political manipulation researcher, a former Facebook public policy director for global elections, and a politician/cybersecurity expert. Our five interviewees in Indonesia consisted of an OSINT journalist, an academic, the founder of a fact-checking organization, an employee of a fact-checking organization, and an employee of a “public relations” firm, who we identified as a producer of political propaganda. In Myanmar, our interviewees consisted of a Burmese journalist forced to flee the country, a journalist knowledgeable about current events in Myanmar, an academic, and three activists fighting against disinformation produced by the Tatmadaw: one founder of an organized activist network, and two individual activists. The University of Texas at Austin Institutional Review Board granted approval for this study [20190900940]. We obtained and recorded verbal informed consent in each interview and maintained strict anonymity by using pseudonyms and encrypted storage for personal identifiable information.</p>
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<p>Interviews were analyzed using open coding, whereby to the best of our ability we allowed theory to emerge from a close reading of the data. Although we sought to further understand the nature of the global public sphere through these case studies, we allowed trends and themes to emerge from the data itself. Referencing interview recordings, interview memos were written following each interview to summarize the key takeaway observations from each interview. After three interviews in a region were conducted, thematic memos were written to connect themes across interviews. The process of memo writing allows for the consolidation of findings to identify trends or dissimilarities across regions of interest.</p>
Extrapulmonary manifestations of SARS-CoV-2: a new coronavirus infectionas an aggravating factor in peptic ulcer disease
Authors: Levitan B. N. , Skvortsov V. V. , Eremenko N. V. 
Published: October 2022

The global pandemic of the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) has become an extreme challenge for the health care of the whole world since 2020.The main target of the SARS-CoV-2 virus is the lungs, but at the same time, more and more evidence is accumulating that the new coronavirus can also aﬀ ect other organs and systems, such as the heart, blood vessels, kidneys, intestines, and brain.Thus, adequate management of a coronavirus patient means not only the therapy of viral pneumonia, but also the timely diagnosis and treatment of damage to other organs.The analysis of predictor factors of severe course and fatal outcome in COVID-19 indicates the aggravating role of comorbid pathology, such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic gastrointestinal diseases. Therefore, in addition to measures to prevent infection with SARS-CoV-2, measures should also be taken to control the comorbid conditions present in the patient.ACE2 receptors, which the virus uses to penetrate human cells, can also be expressed in the esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, liver and pancreas. This makes the frequency of gastroenterological symptoms in COVID-19 high, which is caused both by the defeat of the digestive organs by the coronavirus itself and by the exacerbation of chronic gastrointestinal diseases against the background of infection and its aggressive therapy. At the same time, the presence and severity of digestive diseases signiﬁ cantly aﬀect the clinical course of COVID-19.This article is devoted to the pathogenesis, clinical picture, approaches to the diagnosis and therapy of erosive ulcerative lesions of the stomach and duodenum against the background of a new coronavirus infection.
Metabolic support of antiviral therapy in patients with COVID-19
Authors: Shuldyakov A. A. , Lyapina E. P. , Smagina A. N. , Lisko O. B. 
Published: October 2022

Remaxol was evaluated as a means of hepatotropic support for patients with COVID-19 receiving antiviral therapy. Patients were observed in two groups of 30 people each and received intravenous infusions of Remaxol (400.0 ml) or “active placebo” (400.0 ml. 0.9% sodium chloride) for 10 days. In these groups of patients, an analysis was made of the dynamics of clinical parameters and laboratory tests that characterize the functionality of the liver. The results of the analysis made it possible to state that the use of the corrector of cellular and energy metabolism metabolism Remaxol as a hepatoprotector in complex therapy contributes to favorable clinical dynamics, stabilization of biochemical parameters of liver function and allows completing the course of etiotropic therapy in all patients.Good tolerability of the drug “Remaxol” and the absence of pronounced side eﬀects were noted. The course of Remaxol made it possible to carry out therapy with antiviral agents without dose adjustment and duration of treatment.
Wilson-Konovalov disease in a patient after COVID-19 infection
Authors: Aparkina A. V. , Kashkina E. I. , Markova A. A. , Dorogoikina K. D. , Lyakisheva R. V. 
Published: October 2022

We present a rare clinical case of Wilson-C onovalov disease in a patient after a new coronavirus infection. The development of her neurological symptoms, which allowed to specify the etiology of the already existing liver damage, may have been provoked by the COVID-19 infection, in which the central nervous system is frequently involved in the pathological process. Wilson-C onovalov disease was suspected due to the presence of neurological manifestations and signs of liver cirrhosis. Subsequently, the diagnosis was conﬁ rmed genetically, copper metabolism disorders were identiﬁ ed and pathogenetic therapy was prescribed to eliminate excess copper from the body.
Structural and functional features of the colon in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and comorbid pathology
Authors: Lapteva E. A. , Bykova A. P. 
Published: October 2022

Purpose of the study: to establish the clinical and diagnostic signiﬁ cance of structural and functional changes in the colon in NAFLD against the background of obesity, type 2 diabetes, arterial hypertension.Materials and methods: 138 patients with NAFLD and intestinal pathology, 36 patients without intestinal dysfunction were examined. The clinical and endoscopic features of lesions of the colon mucosa in patients with NAFLD were studied, taking into account the underlying pathology (obesity, type 2 diabetes, arterial hypertension). Changes in intestinal microbiocenosis were revealed in patients with NAFLD, depending on the underlying pathology. The morphometric parameters of the expression of colonocytes immunopositive to the vascular endothelial growth factor, as well as to leptin, were studied in comparison with the clinical and endoscopic features of the colon and liver, and the presence of a background disease.Results: It has been established that the background diseases in NAFLD — type 2 diabetes and obesity — make a certain contribution to the structural and functional changes in the colon. In turn, changes in the intestinal microbiota in NAFLD against the background of obesity, type 2 diabetes lead to aggravation of dyslipidemia, glycemia with the progression of chronic systemic inﬂ ammation and ﬁ brosis in the liver.
The vegetative disbalance and its eﬀect on the formation of peptic ulcer of gastroenteroanastomosis
Authors: Antonyan V. V. , Levitan B. N. , Zurnadghyants A. V. , Antonyan S. V. 
Published: October 2022

Research objective. To study the eﬀect of vegetative nervous system dysfunction on mechanisms of peptic ulcer of gastroenteroanastomosis formation and to improve the results of treatment of patients after gastric resection for peptic ulcer disease.Material and methods. The study included 30 patients with peptic ulcers of gastroenteroanastomosis being operated on for gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer. Instrumental research included: cardiorhythmography, esophagogastroduodenoscopy, intragastric pH-metry, electrogastrography, laser Doppler ﬂ owmetry.Results. In patients with peptic ulcers of gastroenteroanastomosis, according cardiorhythmography, parasympathicotonia prevailed in 20 (66,7%) patients, sympathicotonia was observed in 8 (26,7%) patients, eutonia — in 2 (6,6%) patients. Microcirculation data against the background of sympathicotonia were signiﬁ cantly lower than in the control group (p<0,05) and lower than those in parasympathicotonia and eutonia. With the hyperkinetic type of motility, the predominance of parasympathicotonia(87,5% patients), while the acid-producing function of the stomach was increased in 70% patients (рН 0,9±0,3). Autonomic dysfunction and helicobacteriosis were observed in 26 patients (86,6%). Correlation analysis between cardiorhythmography data and gastric acidity established positive correlation of average strength (r=0,726), which determined the important role of acid-peptic exposure against the background of an increase in the tone of the parasympatic part of the vegetative nervous system. With the predominance of parasympathicotonia, M-anticholinergic Нyoscine butylbromide was included in the complex therapy. After the treatment, the results of cardiorhythmography showed the normotensive nature of the cardiorhythmograms, motor data improved in 60% patients, the acidity data corresponded to the normality (рН 1,2–2,0).Conclusions. The results of the study showed the predominance of parasympathicotonia in patients with peptic ulcers of gastroenteroanastomosis, which contributes to impaired microcirculation, motor- evacuation and secretory functions of the gastric stump and creates conditions for persistence. The сardiorhythmography made it possible to objective assess of the state of the vegetative nervous system. The inclusion of hyoscinebutylbromide in complex treatment with the predominance of parasympathicotonia has a modulating eﬀect on the vegetative nervous system.
Chemoreactome analysis of natural and synthetic statins indicates a more favorable safety proﬁle of monacolin K
Authors: Gromova O. A. , Torshin I. Yu. 
Published: October 2022

Increasing the eﬀectiveness and safety of pharmacotherapy of hyperlipidemia is an urgent task of gastroenterology and cardiology. Statin drugs can diﬀer signiﬁ cantly not only in the eﬀectiveness of lipid proﬁle normalization, but also in the spectrum of side eﬀects. The paper presents the results of a comparative chemoreactomic analysis of “natural” statins (monacolins K, J, L, simvastatin) and synthetic statins (atorvastatin, ﬂ uvastatin). It is important to note that “natural” monacolin K does not cause the negative metabolic changes characteristic of synthetic statins. In general, the assessments of the accumulation of the studied molecules in various human cells and tissues, eﬀects on the human metabolome and proteome, and assessments of the side eﬀects of therapy indicate a more favorable safety proﬁle of the “natural” statin monacolin K.
Experimental medicinal hepatitis. Hepatoprotective eﬀects of the drug Laennec in models of toxic liver injury with paracetamol or alcohol
Authors: Gromova O. A. , Torshin I. Yu. , Demidov V. I. , Zhidomorov N. Yu. , Kalacheva A. G. , Bogacheva T. E. , Grishina T. R. 
Published: October 2022

Hepatoprotectors are necessary for the treatment of alcoholic and non-alcoholic (including medicinal) liver damage. This paper presents the results of a study of the Laennec hepatoprotector, produced on the basis of pharmaceutically standardized human placental hydrolysates (HPH). The use of HSP in toxic liver damage with alcohol or paracetamol led to a signiﬁcant decrease in markers of liver dysfunction (AST, ALT, bilirubin, MDA), which increase when the models are reproduced. The hepatoprotective eﬀect of Laennec was conﬁ rmed by the results of histological studies, indicating a reduction in inﬂ ammation and preservation of the liver parenchyma. Histological studies also indicated the nephroprotective and cardioprotective eﬀects of Laennec in liver damage with both alcohol and paracetamol.
Representasi Budaya Generasi Millenial Muslim (Studi Semiotika Vlog Taqi Malik Di Youtube)
Authors: Giantika Gan Gan , Poernomo Marlinda Irwanti , Lusianawati Hayu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMillennials are a productive age that is considered as the determinant of the future direction in the nation's culture. The formulation of this research problem is how the Cultural Representation of Muslim Millennials (Vlog Taqi Malik Semiotics Study On YouTube) ?. The purpose of this study is to find out the Cultural Representation of Muslim Millennials (Vlog Taqi Malik Semiotics Study On YouTube). This research uses a paradigm of constructivism with a descriptive qualitative research approach and uses ferdinand de Saussure's semiotic analysis method. The results of this study showed from Taqi Malik vlog as many as 3 (three) episodes, namely episodes : Alasan Milih Dia Jadi Istri (Part 1), Hari Meminang Serell Thalib, dan Menjenguk Kai Basri Kondisi Beliau Sangat Memprihatinkan, using language and text as identities and these three videos represent the culture of muslim millennials in the form of Islamic content. With the paradigm approach of constructivism, more emphasis on language and text so as to construct a meaning composed of signifiers and signified until finally form a meaning or referent (external reality). Keywords : Cultural Representation, Muslim Millennials, Semiotics Ferdinand De Saussure