bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ear Tags for Control of Horn Flies and Face Flies on Beef Cattle, 1981
Authors: Cloud J. A. , Lemke L. A. , Collison C. H. , Pitts C. W. , Wilson L. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two types of cattle ear tags were evaluated for control of horn flies and face flies on beef cattle at The Pennsylvania State University Haller Farm. Six herds of mixed breeds on separate 1.5-1.8 acre pastures, each consisting of 4 cows with calves at their side were used to evaluate Ectiban (0.90 ai/tape, perraethrin) ear tapes and Ectrin (8.6% fenvalerate) insecticidal-impregnated plastic tags. Two similar herds at the same location served as controls. Test animals were tagged in both ears on June 3. The Ectiban tapes were attached to Ritchey ear tags and Ectrin tags were attached directly to the ears. The Ectiban tapes did not adhere to the tags well and a majority were soon lost. On Jul 16 (43 days post-treatment) the remaining Ectiban tapes were removed and all Ectiban test animals received a newly designed tape: 1 tape animal. Missing Ectiban tapes were again replaced on Sep. 10 (99 days post-treatment). An assessment of treatment efficacy was made at 1 day and 5 days post-treatment and at weekly intervals for the duration of the study. Face flies were counted on the entire face while horn flies were counted on one side of the animal and doubled. Fly counts were taken between 11:00 am and 2:00 pm. Binoculars were used to aid counting when necessary.
Cattle, Pour-On Insecticide Test for Fly Control, 1981
Authors: Herald Freddie , Knapp S. F. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two herds of replacement dairy heifers were treated with a 1% Ectiban permethrin pour-on formulation for the evaluation of face, horn, and stable fly control. Herd 1 consisted of 17 Holstein and 3 Jersey heifers ranging in weights from 400 to 525 lb. This herd had access to a barn. Herd 2 consisted of 18 Holsteins, ranging from 400 to 850 lb, maintained in a pasture without shelter. The poui-on was applied at the rate of 0.5 oz/100 lb body wt. Each animal’s head was treated with 0.75 oz of the material and the remainder was applied along the backline. The cattle were treated with 3 applications of the permethrin pour-on from Jun 11 to Sep 8. Fly counts were made prior to each treatment and at regular post-treatment days. The percent reduction of flies is based on the average number of flies found on the post-treatment dates compared to the average number of flies on the pre-treatment dates.
Cattle, Insecticide Ear Tag Tape for Face Fly and Horn Fly Control, 1981
Authors: Herald Freddie , Knapp F. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Twenty-five mixed beef breed cows, 5 heifers and eight 300-400 lb calves were treated for flies by attaching a “butterfly” shaped duct tape containing an ampule of 1 g technical Ectiban (permethrin) around the shank of the animal’s identification ear tag. One tape/head was attached to the ear tag of each animal on Jul 23. After attachment the ampule was broken to release the permethrin. Twelve calves under 300 lb within this herd were not treated. These cattle had been on a 1% CO2Ral dust bag treatment prior to the Ectiban tape treatment and had no horn flies when the ear tag tapes were applied. A similar herd of beef cattle within the area was used as an untreated check for evaluating the effectiveness of the tapes. Fly counts were made on the treatment date prior to treatment and at regular post-treatment intervals. Mean pre-treatment face fly counts were 25/cow and 36/calf on the treated cattle and 28 face flies/cow and 42 flies/calf on the untreated cattle. Horn fly numbers on the untreated cattle averaged 141/head during the test period.
Cattle, Two-Year Control of Horn Flies with 8% Ectrin Ear Tags, 1979-80
Authors: Knapp Fred W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
During early spring 1979, 10 head of cattle, having 2 good ear tags per head, were selected from a herd that was tagged with 2 Ectrin ear tags early in May 1978. These cattle were moved to a separate pasture area and were observed for horn flies during the summer months of 1980. Another herd of 50 cows tagged with two 8% Ectrin ear tags per head in 1979 was also observed for horn fly control during the summer of 1980.
Evaluation of Diflubenzuron as a Feed Additive for Control of Northern Fowl Mites, 1982
Authors: DeVaney J. A. , Kubena L. F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Day-old White Leghorn chicks were obtained from a commercial hatchery and randomly divided into 4 groups. Each group was then placed into separate brooders and fed standard diets calculated to contain either 0 (control), 2.5, 25, or 250 ppm of difIubenzuron. Analysis of the diets for difIubenzuron were in good agreement with the calculated values. Diet compositions were changed as the chickens grew, but the levels of difIubenzuron in the diet remained the same for each group throughout the study. When the chickens were 21 wk old (Test 1), 5 hens from each treatment level were placed in a separate building and infested with northern fowl mites. Each bird was infested with 200-5000 mites that had been mechanically aspirated from a carrier chicken. At 46 wk of age, 17 or 18 hens (Test 2) and 6-14 roosters (Test 3) from each treatment level were infested with mites. Mite ratings were visually observed and recorded once each week for each bird for 7 consecutive weeks following infestation using the following rating: 0--no mites; 1-very light (1-10 mites/bird); 2-light (11-100 mites/bird); 3--moderate (101-1000 mites/bird); 4--heavy (1001-10000 mites/bird); and 5-extra heavy (10,000 mites/bird).
Control of Manure Breeding Flies in Poultry Houses with Larvadex, 1981
Authors: Smith J. A. , Collison C. H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Three high rise poultry houses located in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania were used to evaluate Larvadex, an insect growth inhibitor for the control of manure breeding muscid flies. Treatment schedules were varied in order to determine the frequency of applications needed in order to maintain control. Two different treatment applications were tested, i.e., mixed in the feed and metered through the water. Changes in house fly populations were monitored by counting the number of adult flies resting within ft marked areas on the walls and posts. As a feed-through, 1 lb of Larvadex 0.3% premix per ton of feed was tested at a high rise house at Penryn. The house was 44 x 478 ft and housed 60,000 caged layers. The house was completely cleaned out before 22-week old birds were moved in on Mar 16. Larvadex was fed from May 4-19, 24-26, Jun 19-21, Jul 16-18, Jul 24-26, Aug 14-16, 21-23, 29-31, Sep 8-10, 16-19, and 26-28. The only other fly control measures taken to reduce adult fly buildup was spraying the pit walls with Atroban 25% WP (permethrin) on Oct 3, ‘80 and baiting upstairs occasionally with Golden Malrin (Lannate). When Larvadex was metered through the water, 3 ml 5% SC per 100 gal water, it was tested in two high rise houses. The house near Colebrook was 44 x 400 ft and housed 50,000 caged layers. The house was cleaned out in Feb before the birds went out and new birds were added Feb 25. Larvadex was immediately started and used every other day until Mar 11. Then it was used on Mar 12-13, 16-30, Apr 3, 6, 13, Apr 20-May 1, May 4-5, 8-9, 12, 15, 20, Jun 1-2, 8-9, 15-16, 22-25, 30, Jul 1, 3-7, and 10-11. None was used again until Sep 1 when it was used everyday for 12 days. After that, it was metered in only 2 rows, where breeding was most evident, until Sep 20. All 5 rows received treatment on Sep 28-30. Other fly control measures taken were spraying 83.8% of the pit wall with Ectrin 15% WP (fenvalerate) on Jul 27, and the upstairs was fogged with C-EM-DIE (pyrethrin) on Aug 21. The house at Ephrata was 44 X 500 ft and housed 45,000 caged layers. The flock had been in place since Nov ‘80 and the manure was totally removed May 8th and 0.33 on Sep 24. Larvadex was used from May 13th to Jun 12, Jun 20-22, Jul 10-11, 17-18, 23-25, Jul 31-Aug 3, Aug 26-28, Sep 4-6, 11-13, 19-21, and 26-28.
Evaluation of Toxicants Against the Secondary Screwworm, 1978
Authors: Chamberlain W. F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Twenty-five g of ground lean beef was added to 25 ml of water In a plastic cup and stirred until a uniform mix was obtained. Then 250 pi of an acetone solution of the candidate material as the technical compound was added and the mixture was stirred. The diet was then infested with 25 newly hatched larvae of the secondary screwworm, Cochliomylamacellaria (Fabricius) obtained from a laboratory colony. Tests were conducted in duplicate and the concentrations of the test materials ranged from 0.003-2.6 ppm. The control test was conducted with 250 pi of the acetone present. The diets were held at 28.32°C. On the 3rd day after infestation the cups containing the larvae and diet were tipped over sand to allow the larvae to crawl out and pupate. On the 5th day after infestation, the number of pupae were counted and the percent control calculated.
Comparison of Kelthane Formulations for Summer Mite Control, 1981
Authors: Meyer Ronald H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The tests were conducted in the University of Illinois Plant Pathology orchard at Urbana. Treatments were applied with a handgun at 200 psi with ca 350 gpa under calm conditions. Each treatment was randomly assigned to 4 single-tree plots. In Test 1, 50 leaves per plot were picked from mature ‘Starking’ trees on Clark dwarf rootstocks; in Test 2, 100 leaf samples were taken from each mature ‘Starkrimson’ tree on Mailing 7 rootstocks. The samples were brushed and counted immediately in the field.
Imported Fire Ant Control - Individual Mount Treatement, 1981
Authors: Bass J. A. , Hays S. B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A number of chemicals and formulations were evaluated for control of imported fire ants as individual mount treatments during the summers of 1977-78. All formulations were screened and an effective dosage rate was determined. Following dosage determination, replicated circular plots (150 ft dia) were utilized to evaluate control effectiveness. Treatment was made by direct mound drench for liquid formulations, application of granules or bait was made to the mount and adjacent area. Mound drench was accomplished by pouring 0.25 of the dilute mixture in a circle around the bae of the amound and the remainder over the top of the mound. The degree of control was determined by counting all active colonies within an inner circle (100 ft dia) within the treated area. Mortality determinations were made at 3, 7 and 30 days post-treatment. Each colony was indivudually examined and given a rating which ranged from 0 to 5 (complete kill). Test areas included soil types that ranged from deep sand to heavy clay.
Vydate L for Early Season Mite Control, 1981
Authors: Meyer Ronald H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Vydate L was applied at Urbana in early morning calm with a handgun at 200 psi using ca 350 GPA. Weekly dates of application after full bloom (Spr 26) and temperatures for the day were as follows: May 4, min. 8.9°C, max. 25; May 12, min. 0, max. 18.3; May 27, min. 12.8, max. 21.1. Single tree plots were arranged in randomized complete blocks replicated 5 times on each of 2 cultivars. Mites were sampled by picking 100 leaves per plot, brushing and counting immediately in the field.
Acaricide Screening for Control of Psoroptic Mites, 1981
Authors: Wright F. C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Ear canker mites, Psoroptescuniculi (Delafond), taken from the ears of domestic rabbits were used for these tests. About 20-25 mites (adults or nymphs) were put in “tea bags” (6.3 cm2) made from heat-seal able rice paper. The acaricides were tested as technical materials usually formulated as emulsifiable concentrates (EC) containing 25% active ingredient, 65% xylene, and 10% Triton X-100, or as company supplied emulsifiable concentrates or wettabIe powders. Because of solubility problems, some acaricides were formulated as 10 or 20% EC’s in xylene:Triton X-100 (65:10) or in 1:1 mixtures of 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone and xylene:Triton X-100 (65:10). Three bags containing mites were dipped in each concentration of the acaricides for 30 sec and then allowed to dry at room temperature and ambient humidity. Mites that served as controls were dipped in dilute solvent and emulsifier at concentrations equivalent to those used in the acaricide emulsions. The bags were opened at 24 hr post-treatment, and the mites were observed with the aid of a dissecting microscope and scored as dead or alive. Mites scored as dead were immobile or had only feeble leg movement.
Area Control of the Lone Star Tick with Aircraft Applications of 14% Diazinon Granules, 1981
Authors: Mount Gary A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Wooded plots (8.75-14.5 a) in eastern OK infested with adults and nymphs were treated on May 12 with aircraft applications of 14% diazinon granules (Diazinon 14G). Applications were made with a single engine, fixed wing aircraft (Cessna Ag Truck) equipped with a conventional, gravity-feed spreader (Transland). The spreader was calibrated in flight for a flow rate of 64 Ib/min at an aircraft speed of 110 mph which delivered target rates for swaths of 60 and 40 ft, respectively, the aircraft was flown at ca 25 ft above the trees. Each swath was marked on each end of each plot with 40 ft telescoping fiberglass poles with white flags.
Area Tick Control, 1981
Authors: Price Richard , Koch Henry , Mussett Kevin , King Ed , Pinkston Ken 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The control of lone star ticks was evaluated in a recreational park outside of Wister, OK between Jun 8 and Jul 16. A 15,000 sq ft area was divided into six 2,500 sq ft plots. The plots were randomized and treatment replicated 3 times. Treatment was made with a GiImour Air-0-Matic Model 362 hose end sprayer. Treatment was made using Knox-Out mixed with 12.5 fl oz per 10 gal of water. Approximately 8 gal of finished spray was applied to each test plot. Temperature and wind velocity at the time of treatment were were 95°F and 5-8 mph. Pre- and post-treatment sampling was conducted between 2 and 3 pm using 4°CO2 traps equally spaced in each of the 2,500 sq ft plots. Dry ice was utilized as a CO2 source to attract ticks. The majority or ticks attracted to the traps were nymphs. Pre-treatment trapping showed an average of 38 lone star ticks per 2,500 sq : ft in the test area.
Evaluation of Synthetic Pyrethroids for Yellowjacket Control, 1979-80
Authors: Caron Dewey M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Active nests of yellowjacket species in the College Park, MD area were sprayed with several formulations of Resmethrin and Permethrin to evaluate their effectiveness in control. Nests were located by searching on campus and nearby locations and from telephone calls received at the University from homeowners in the College Park vicinity. Control activities commenced on Jul 16 and ended Sep 20 1979 and ran from Jul 20 to Sep 9 1980. Each nest was observed prior to spraying and the number of adults flying in and out in three 15 sec periods counted and averaged. Species was determined by the collection of a specimen from each nest. Each nest was sprayed for 20-30 sec directly into the entry/exit area. Some nests were sprayed during daylight and others at dusk. Yellowjacket activity was censured either 10 min later for nests sprayed during the daylight hours or the next day for nests sprayed at dusk. Yellowjacket counts were not possible for several of the nests included in the test, and for these nests control was evaluated by determining yellowjacket survival in the nest the day following spraying. Spray effectiveness, evaluated by either entrance activity or yellowjacket survivorship within the nest, was assigned as complete (either no activity or no live adults), incomplete (reduced activity but some live adults) or as ineffective (extensive yellowjacket activity similar to pre-spray conditions). Within some treatments, control was complete for some nests but not for all, and in these cases nearly complete control was assigned to the test results.
Apple, Single Application Insecticide Test, 1981
Authors: Townsend Howard , Micinski Steven 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tests were conducted on mature apple trees using single tree plots replicated 4 times in a completely randomized design. The Lannate and Vydate plots were treated on Apr 21 using an airblast sprayer, and the Diazlnon and SN-72129 plots were treated on Apr 23. All trees had a heavy RAA infestation at the time of treatment. Control of RAA was evaluated on May 19 by examining 100 infested terminals on each tree to determine if the colony was alive. Control of PC, CM, and GF was evaluated on Jun 4 by harvesting ca 3/4 bushel of fruit from each tree as well as picking up all fallen fruit. All fruit was evaluated for insect damage by visual examination.
Apple, Insecticide Efficacy Test, 1981
Authors: Townsend Howard , Micinski Steven 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tests were conducted on mature apple trees using single tree plots replicated 4 times in a completely randomized design. Treatments were applied with a handgun at a rate of 3 to 4 gal/tree on Apr 27 and May 11. The materials were evaluated for efficacy on May 28 by harvesting ca 3/4 bushel of fruit at random from each tree as well as picking up all drop fruit. All fruit was evaluated for insect damage by visual examination.
Control of Grape Climbing Cutworms, 1981
Authors: Johnson Donn T. , Mayes R. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Three insecticides were evaluated for control of cutworms to minimize bud damage of grapes in Clarksville, AR. Each of five treatments were applied to 9 randomly selected plots (replicates) containing 3 vines. Vine spacing was 9 ft between rows by 8 ft in the row at 544 vines/acre. Sprays were applied at bud swell on March 31. A hand sprayer was used at 40 psi to apply 0.4 qt/vine (50 gpa) to runoff with an adjustable conejet nozzle. Sampling involved pretreatment (Mar 31) and 1 and 7 day post-treatment counts of the cutworm damaged buds per vine. The first major rainfall was 4 days post-treatment (.26 inches). The cutworm severity was low.
Control of Green June Beetles on ‘Venus’ Grapes, 1980
Authors: Johnson Donn T. , Mayes R. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A Venus grape vineyard was chosen in Farmington, AR. Heavily infested vines were selected and counts made of live green June beetles (GJB) on the grape clusters and of dead beetles on the ground under the vines the day of treatment. Each of 7 treatments consisted of a random selection of 5 one-vine replicates. On Jul 23, treatments were applied to runoff using a hand-held compressed air sprayer. Dead beetles were counted under the vines after 1 and 2 days post-treatment.
Abatement of Foliar

Daktulosphaira

vitifoliae

on Wine Grapes, 1981
Authors: Williams Roger N. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Three insecticides were evalua phylloxera at Wooster, OH. Plots consisted of 6 Clinton vines, with 4 replications per treatment in spacing was 9 ft between rows and 8 ft in the row. Granular formulations were applied on Jun 1 and i ft away from vine rows and 1.5 ft outside end vines, in the form of an ellipse around the plot. Gran uniformly in the bottom of a 2 inch furrow and covered with soil as soon as applied. Soil moisture w: application, so granular treatments were not watered-in. Foliar treatments were made on Jun 17 and J CO2 sprayer operated at 60 psi and equipped with a TeeJet D3 disc and Number 23 core. Sprays wer app 53 gal/acre. A spreader-sticker, Ortho X-77, was added to Thiodan sprays at 1 pt/100 gal. In sampli random from each plot, half from each side of the row. The number of galls was recorded from the 10 these shoots.
Efficacy of Insecticides on Strawberry For Control of Larvae of Black Vine Weevil, 1980
Authors: Halfhili J. E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Everbearing strawberries potted in a 3:2 peat-sand mix in 6 inch containers were infested with 50 “brown stage” eggs by placing the eggs in each container, ca 1 inch deep next to the roots. Thirty days after infestation, the pre-moistened mix was drenched to saturation with 6 fl oz of an insecticide/water solution. Each of the 21 treatments were replicated 3 times, and each replicate consisted of 5 plants to ensure adequate populations of the larvae. Ninety days after infestation, the mix in each pot was removed, sifted, and the number of living larvae was noted and recorded. The pots were held in an unheated greenhouse during the mid-Aug to mid-Nov test period. Phytotoxicity was determined 7 and 60 days after treatment.
Citrus Red Mite Control, 1981
Authors: Builock Robert C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Four compounds were evaluated in dilute sprays vs. citrus red mite in a block of double-bedded ‘Star Ruby’ grapefruit trees planted in 1978 on a 17.5 x 26.25 ft spacing. A randomized complete block design with 4 replications was used. Each plot consisted of a single tree. Spray applications were made Feb 25 with a John Bean Royalier JK-20T hydraulic sprayer operated at 200 psi and equipped with a double Boyce hand-gun. Approximately 1 gal of spray was needed to spray each tree to run-off. Approximately 1 gal of spray was needed to spray each tree to run-off. At the indicated pre- and post-treatment intervals, 10 leaves, randomly selected while circling each tree, were picked into a pt Mason jar containing 50% alcohol and brought to the lab. Each jar was vigorously shaken and then leaves removed separately and surface rinsed into the funnel of a Millipore filter system with a stream of 50% alcohol from a wash bottle. The leaf-wash and the liquid from the Mason jar were drawn through the filter. Mites on the filter disc were counted with the aid of a binocular dissecting scope.
Control of Citrus Bud Mite and Citrus Red Mite in Orange Co., 1981
Authors: Brown R. D. , Jesser M. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Materials were tested for efficacy against citrus bud mite in a lemon grove near Irvin, California. Treatments were applied on Sep 16 by handgun (450 psi) with about 1500 gal per acre. There were four two-tree replicates and pre-treatment levels varied from 48.8 to 71.3 percent buds infested. Five buds on each of four terminals were dissected for each of the replicates, and the percent buds infested was calculated. At the time of treatment, there was only a trace of citrus red mite; the population was monitored on a few trees and at 100 days post-spray a rating of all trees was made.
Mite Control on Louisiana Pecans, 1981
Authors: Hall Michael J. , Shelton Richard 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The experiment was conducted on mature ‘Stuart’ pecan trees at Shreveport, LA. A randomized block design was used with 3 blocks and 1 tree per treatment per block. All materials, with the exception of Temik, were applied on Aug 18 using an FMC 957 sprayer delivering ca 35 gal of spray per tree. Temik was applied to two 41.83 m2 bands under the drip line of the tree and disced in. Evaluation occurred on Aug 25 by counting the number of mites present on 2 leaflets on each of 10 randomly selected compound leaves per tree. Data were subjected to analysis of variance.
Seed Maggot Control, 1981
Authors: Webb D. R. , Eckenrode C. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots consisted of single row treatments 36 inches apart, 15 ft long, replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Hand-pushed cone seeders were used to plant 100 seeds in each row and to distribute granules of insecticide. Spray treatments were applied at 50 gal water/acre using a CO2-powered spray unit mounted on a cone seeder.