bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular design of Mycoplasma hominis Vaa adhesin
Authors: Boesen Thomas , Fedosova Natalya U. , Kjeldgaard Morten , Birkelund Svend , Christiansen Gunna 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe variable adherence‐associated (Vaa) adhesin of the opportunistic human pathogen Mycoplasma hominis is a surface‐exposed, membrane‐associated protein involved in the attachment of the bacterium to host cells. The molecular masses of recombinant 1 and 2 cassette forms of the protein determined by a light‐scattering (LS) method were 23.9 kD and 36.5 kD, respectively, and corresponded to their monomeric forms. Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy of the full‐length forms indicated that the Vaa protein has an α‐helical content of ∼80%. Sequence analysis indicates the presence of coiled‐coil domains in both the conserved N‐terminal and antigenic variable C‐terminal part of the Vaa adhesin. Experimental results obtained with recombinant proteins corresponding to the N‐ or C‐terminal parts of the shortest one‐cassette form of the protein were consistent with the hypothesis of two distinct coiled‐coil regions. The one‐cassette Vaa monomer appears to be an elongated protein with a axial shape ratio of 1:10. Analysis of a two‐cassette Vaa type reveals a similar axial shape ratio. The results are interpreted in terms of the topological organization of the Vaa protein indicating the localization of the adherence‐mediating structure.
Assessment of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures for Maternal Postpartum Depression Using the Consensus-Based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments Guideline
Authors: Sultan Pervez , Ando Kazuo , Elkhateb Rania , George Ronald B. , Lim Grace , Carvalho Brendan , Chitneni Ahish , Kawai Ray , Tulipan Tanya , Blake Lindsay , Coker Jessica , O’Carroll James 
Published: June 2022

ImportanceMaternal depression is frequently reported in the postpartum period, with an estimated prevalence of approximately 15% during the first postpartum year. Despite the high prevalence of postpartum depression, there is no consensus regarding which patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) should be used to screen for this complex, multidimensional construct.ObjectiveTo evaluate psychometric measurement properties of existing PROMs of maternal postpartum depression using the Consensus-Based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) guideline and identify the best available patient-reported screening measure.Evidence ReviewThis systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) reporting guideline. PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, and Web of Science were searched on July 1, 2019, for validated PROMs of postpartum depression, and an additional search including a hand search of references from eligible studies was conducted in June 2021. Included studies evaluated 1 or more psychometric measurement properties of the identified PROMs. A risk-of-bias assessment was performed to evaluate methods of each included study. Psychometric measurement properties of each PROM were rated according to COSMIN criteria. A modified Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach was used to assess the level of evidence supporting each rating, and a recommendation class (A, recommended for use; B, further research required; or C, not recommended) was given based on the overall quality of each included PROM.FindingsAmong 10 264 postpartum recovery studies, 27 PROMs were identified. Ten PROMs (37.0%) met the inclusion criteria and were used in 43 studies (0.4%) involving 22 095 postpartum women. At least 1 psychometric measurement property was assessed for each of the 10 validated PROMs identified. Content validity was sufficient in all PROMs. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) demonstrated adequate content validity and a moderate level of evidence for sufficient internal consistency (with sufficient structural validity), resulting in a recommendation of class A. The other 9 PROMs evaluated received a recommendation of class B.Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this systematic review suggest that the EPDS is the best available patient-reported screening measure of maternal postpartum depression. Future studies should focus on evaluating the cross-cultural validity, reliability, and measurement error of the EPDS to improve understanding of its psychometric properties and utility.
Clinical validation of novel lightning dose optimizer for gamma knife radiosurgery of irregular‐shaped arteriovenous malformations and pituitary adenomas
Authors: Pokhrel Damodar , Bernard Mark E. , Knight James , St. Clair William , Fraser Justin F. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPurposeTo demonstrate the clinical feasibility of a novel treatment planning algorithm via lightning dose optimizer (LDO) on Leksell Gamma Knife (LGK) GammaPlan with significantly faster planning times for stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) of the complex and difficult arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) and pituitary adenomas.Methods and materialsAfter completing the in‐house end‐to‐end phantom testing and independent dose verification of the recently upgraded LDO algorithm on GammaPlan using the MD Anderson's IROC anthropomorphic SRS head phantom irradiation credentialing, 20 previously treated GK‐SRS patients (10 AVM, average volume 3.61 cm3 and 10 pituitary adenomas, average volume 0.86 cm3) who underwent manual forward planning on GammaPlan were retrospectively replanned via LDO. These pathologies were included because of the need for adequate dose delivery with organs at risk in very close proximity. LDO finds the target curvature boundary by well‐formulated linear programing objectives and inversely optimizes the GK‐SRS plan by isocenter placement, optimization, and sequencing. For identical target coverage, the LDO and original manual plans were compared for target conformity, gradient index, dose to critical organs, and surrounding normal brain. Additionally, various treatment delivery parameters, including beam‐on time were recorded.ResultsFor both patient cohorts, LDO provided similar target coverage with better dose conformity, tighter radiosurgical dose distribution with a lower value of gradient indices (all p < 0.001), and lower dose to critical organs. For AVMs, there was a significant reduction of normal brain V10Gy, V12Gy, and V14Gy by 4.74, 3.67, and 2.67 cm3 (all p < 0.001). LDO had twice the number of shots (p < 0.001), and longer beam‐on time (p = 0.012) by a factor of 1.44. For pituitary adenomas, LDO provided systematically lower values of V10Gy, V12Gy, and V14Gy by 1.08, 0.86, and 0.68 cm3 (all p < 0.001), and lower maximum dose to optic pathway by 0.7 Gy (p = 0.005), but had almost twice the numbers of shots (p < 0.001) and increased beam‐on time (p = 0.005) by a factor of 1.2. However, for both patient groups, the average planning time for the LDO was <5 min, compared to the estimated 30–90 min of manual planning times.ConclusionGK‐SRS treatment on Leksell Perfexion GammaPlan using the LDO provided highly conformal target coverage with a steep dose gradient, spared critical organs, and significantly reduced normal brain dose for complex targets at the cost of slightly higher treatment times. LDO generated high‐quality treatment plans and could significantly reduce planning time. If available, the LDO algorithm is suggested for validation and clinical use for complex and difficult GK cases.
EMBRACE: One Small Story in Lupus—One Giant Challenge in Clinical Trials
Authors: Sheikh Saira Z. , Englund Tessa R. , Burriss Susan W. , Bull Jonca , Harry Anya , Groark James G. , Hall Ashley M. , Miller Michelle , Roth David A. 
Published: June 2022

Clinical trials of novel therapeutics in the United States have not been adequately representative of diverse populations, particularly racial and ethnic minorities. The challenges and consequences of underrepresentation in clinical trial recruitment are exemplified by the case of belimumab, a biologic treatment for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a disease that is more prevalent in patients of Black African ancestry and of Hispanic/Latino ethnicity than in other patient populations. Although belimumab was found to be effective in phase 2 and 3 clinical trials in the general population, post hoc analyses of efficacy data in patients of Black African ancestry showed inconsistent results. Consequently, a cautionary statement regarding belimumab use in this population was added to the product label. To alleviate concerns that belimumab may not be safe and effective for patients of Black African ancestry, the Efficacy and Safety of Belimumab in Black Race Patients with SLE (EMBRACE) study was conducted in a post‐marketing commitment to the Food and Drug Administration. The study recruited only patients who self‐identified as being of Black race; its findings led to the removal of the cautionary labeling of belimumab use in patients of Black African ancestry. Our manuscript highlights the critical lessons learned from the successes and failures of the EMBRACE study. It also provides suggestions for overcoming health disparities, highlighting strategies for conducting well‐designed clinical trials to overcome systematic barriers to diversity in recruitment, with a focus on enacting long‐term support to ensure equity in the process, products, and benefits from drug development and clinical trials.
Fast finite‐time adaptive neural fault‐tolerant tracking control for multi‐input multi‐output systems with full‐state constraints
Authors: Wang Huanqing , Shen Liya , Wang Ding , Niu Ben , Zhao Xudong 
Published: June 2022

SummaryThis article investigates the problem of fast finite‐time adaptive neural fault‐tolerant tracking control for multi‐input multi‐output (MIMO) nonlinear systems with full‐state constraints and actuator faults. The radial basis function neural networks are introduced to deal with unknown nonlinear functions. In addition, an additive transformation and one‐to‐one mapping method are employed to deal with the control problem of MIMO nonlinear systems with full‐state constraints. Based on the fast finite‐time stability theory and adaptive backstepping technique, which guarantees all the closed‐loop system signals are bounded, the tracking error eventually converges to a small neighborhood of the origin in a fast finite‐time and full‐state constraints are not violated. Finally, simulation results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed control scheme.
Finite‐time synchronization of multi‐weighted fractional‐order coupled neural networks with fixed and adaptive couplings
Authors: Ma Ben , Tong Dongbing , Chen Qiaoyu , Zhou Wuneng , Wei Yunbing 
Published: June 2022

SummaryThis article concentrates on the finite‐time synchronization (FTS) for multi‐weighted fractional‐order coupled neural networks (MFCNNs) with fixed and adaptive couplings. A new dynamic model, which involves coupled neural networks with fractional order and multi‐weighted couplings, is proposed. Furthermore, an adaptive law to adjust the coupling weights is devised to ensure the FTS of such a complex model. First, by using fractional‐order calculus properties and inequality techniques, a finite‐time fractional differential inequality is presented, which considerably extends the prior result. Second, by the Lyapunov stability theory and the fractional‐order inequality, several sufficient conditions are acquired to make sure the FTS for MFCNNs. Moreover, the influence of the system's order on the FTS is also uncovered. Finally, a numerical simulation example and a practical simulation example are provided to demonstrate the validity of the obtained criteria.
Spontaneous Construction of Nucleophilic Carbonyl‐Containing Interphase toward Ultrastable Zinc‐Metal Anodes
Authors: Wang Pinji , Liang Shuquan , Chen Chen , Xie Xuesong , Chen Jiawen , Liu Zhenhan , Tang Yan , Lu Bingan , Zhou Jiang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMultifunctional interfacial engineering on the Zn anode to conquer dendrite growth, hydrogen evolution, and the sluggish kinetics associated with Zn deposition is highly desirable for boosting the commercialization of aqueous zinc‐ion batteries. Herein, a spontaneous construction of carbonyl‐containing layer on a Zn anode (Zn@ZCO) is rationally designed as an ion redistributor and functional protective interphase. It has strong zincphilicity and dendrite suppression ability due to the significant interaction of the highly electronegative and highly nucleophilic carbonyl oxygen, favoring ion transport and homogenizing Zn deposition effectively. On the other side, the hydrogen bond formed by the proton acceptor of oxygen atom in ZCO regulates the Zn‐ion desolvation process at the interfaces, thus bounding water activity and then mitigating water‐induced parasitic reactions. Consequently, the Zn@ZCO anode exhibits an extended cycling lifespan of 5000 h (>208 days) with a dendrite‐free surface and negligible by‐products. More encouragingly, the effectiveness is also convincing in NH4V4O10‐based full‐cells with excellent rate performance and cyclic stability. The stabilized Zn anode enabled by the strategy of spontaneous construction of functional solid electrolyte interphase brings forward a facile and instructive approach toward high‐performance zinc‐storage systems.
Promoting Dinuclear‐Type Catalysis in Cu1–C3N4 Single‐Atom Catalysts
Authors: Song Jingting , Chen Zhongxin , Cai Xiangbin , Zhou Xin , Zhan Gaolei , Li Runlai , Wei Pingping , Yan Ning , Xi Shibo , Loh Kian Ping 
Published: June 2022

AbstractReducing particle size in supported metal catalysts to single‐atom level isolates the active metal sites and maximizes the atomic utilization efficiency. However, the large inter‐atom distance, particularly in low‐loading single‐atom catalyst (SAC), is not favorable for a complex reaction where two (or more) reactants have to be activated. A key question is how to control the inter‐atom distances to promote dinuclear‐type coactivation at the adjacent metal sites. Here, it is reported that reducing the average inter‐atom distance of copper SACs supported on carbon nitride (C3N4) to 0.74 ± 0.13 nm allows these catalysts to exhibit a dinuclear‐type catalytic mechanism in the nitrile–azide cycloaddition. Operando X‐ray absorption fine structure study reveals a dynamic ligand exchange process between nitrile and azide, followed by their coactivation on dinuclear Cu SAC sites to form the tetrazole product. This work highlights that reducing the nearest‐neighbor distance of SAC allows the mechanistic pathway to diversify from single‐site to multisite catalysis.
Highly Retentive, Anti‐Interference, and Covert Individual Marking Taggant with Exceptional Skin Penetration
Authors: Zhong Lianggen , Li Jiguang , Zu Baiyi , Zhu Xiaodan , Lei Da , Wang Guangfa , Hu Xiaoyun , Zhang Tianshi , Dou Xincun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe development of high‐performance individual marking taggants is of great significance. However, the interaction between taggant and skin is not fully understood, and a standard for marking taggants has yet to be realized. To achieve a highly retentive, anti‐interference, and covert individual marking fluorescent taggant, Mn2+‐doped NaYF4:Yb/Er upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), are surface‐functionalized with polyethyleneimine (PEI) to remarkably enhance the interaction between the amino groups and skin, and thus to facilitate the surface adhesion and chemical penetration of the taggant. Electrostatic interaction between PEI600‐UCNPs and skin as well as remarkable penetration inside the epidermis is responsible for excellent taggant retention capability, even while faced with robust washing, vigorous wiping, and rubbing for more than 100 cycles. Good anti‐interference capability and reliable marking performance in real cases are ensured by an intrinsic upconversion characteristic with a distinct red luminescent emission under 980 nm excitation. The present methodology is expected to shed light on the design of high‐performance individual marking taggants from the perspective of the underlying interaction between taggant and skin, and to help advance the use of fluorescent taggants for practical application, such as special character tracking.
Giant Orbital Anisotropy with Strong Spin–Orbit Coupling Established at the Pseudomorphic Interface of the Co/Pd Superlattice
Authors: Kim Sanghoon , Pathak Sachin , Rhim Sonny H. , Cha Jongin , Jekal Soyoung , Hong Soon Cheol , Lee Hyun Hwi , Park Sung‐Hun , Lee Han‐Koo , Park Jae‐Hoon , Lee Soogil , Steinrück Hans‐Georg , Mehta Apurva , Wang Shan X. , Hong Jongill 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOrbital anisotropy at interfaces in magnetic heterostructures has been key to pioneering spin–orbit‐related phenomena. However, modulating the interface's electronic structure to make it abnormally asymmetric has been challenging because of lack of appropriate methods. Here, the authors report that low‐energy proton irradiation achieves a strong level of inversion asymmetry and unusual strain at interfaces in [Co/Pd] superlattices through nondestructive, selective removal of oxygen from Co3O4/Pd superlattices during irradiation. Structural investigations corroborate that progressive reduction of Co3O4 into Co establishes pseudomorphic growth with sharp interfaces and atypically large tensile stress. The normal component of orbital to spin magnetic moment at the interface is the largest among those observed in layered Co systems, which is associated with giant orbital anisotropy theoretically confirmed, and resulting very large interfacial magnetic anisotropy is observed. All results attribute not only to giant orbital anisotropy but to enhanced interfacial spin–orbit coupling owing to the pseudomorphic nature at the interface. They are strongly supported by the observation of reversal of polarity of temperature‐dependent Anomalous Hall signal, a signature of Berry phase. This work suggests that establishing both giant orbital anisotropy and strong spin–orbit coupling at the interface is key to exploring spintronic devices with new functionalities.
Opto‐regulation for the 2D to 3D transformation of a liquid crystal network membrane
Authors: Liu Xiao , Liu Ying 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLight loading mode plays essential roles in the deformation morphology of the photosensitive liquid crystal network (LCN) membrane. However, owing to the strong non‐linearity of membrane deformation and the constraint effect of membrane boundary, the precise surface pattern control of a LCN membrane through pre‐designing the light loading pattern have not been fully carried out. In this article, a second light‐engraving strategy is proposed to decouple the local and integral deformation of the LCN membrane, and the accurate opto‐regulation of the 2D to 3D pattern transformation could be realized. Firstly, the opto‐deformation governing equations for the LCN membrane under nonuniform illumination are established, and solved by the finite difference method. The deformation characteristics of the LCN membrane under nonuniform illumination has been discussed, and the relation between the light loading mode and the spontaneous deformation in the LCN membrane is clarified. Then a second‐engraving technology based on the deformed membrane is proposed, and the precise opto‐tuning of the 2D to 3D deformation for a LCN membrane is realized. “Robert face” and three‐dimensional word printing is presented as example. This work provides theoretical and numerical guidance on the LCN membrane based three dimensional modeling technology.
Grape‐clustered polyaniline grafted with carbon nanotube woven film as a flexible electrode material for supercapacitors
Authors: Li Bingjian , Liu Shi , Xu Xixi , Yang Haicun , Zhou Yinjie , Yang Dan , Zhang Yun , Li Jinchun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe continuously reinforced carbon nanotube woven film (CNWF) prepared via the floating catalytic chemical vapor deposition (FCCVD) was modified by mixed acid and vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTMS) respectively to obtain carbon nanotube woven film (CNWF@VTMS) grafted with CH2CH group. A series of novel self‐supporting composite electrode materials (CNWF@VTMS/PANI) for supercapacitors were then prepared by in‐situ chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline in the presence of the CNWF@VTMS film substrate as a conductive network framework. The results showed that CNWF@VTMS/PANI14 flexible electrode with grape‐clustered structure exhibited the highest specific capacitance of 531.3 F/g and the highest energy density of 26.5 Wh/kg at the current density of 1 A/g. It could maintain 75.1% of the initial value at a high current density of 10 A/g. The excellent electrochemical cycle and the structural stability have been confirmed on the condition of the higher capacitance retention of 96.6% after 2000 times of galvanostatic charge/discharge, and the almost unchanged electrochemical performances after 300 times of bending and twisting. Meanwhile, the stronger interfacial bonding between CNWF and PANI endowed a higher tensile strength of 129.2 MPa. In this article, CNWF@VTMS/PANI14 composite electrode could be a potential application in the field of deformable supercapacitors.
Fast Charge and High Stability of Solid‐State Graphite Organic Ionic Plastic Crystal Composite Anodes
Authors: Ueda Hiroyuki , Mizuno Fuminori , Kerr Robert , Forsyth Maria , Howlett Patrick C. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractInvited for this month's cover picture is the group of Dr. Hiroyuki Ueda and Prof. Patrick C. Howlett at Deakin University (Australia) jointly working with Toyota Motor Corporation (Japan). The cover picture shows the fast lithium‐ion conduction pathways in the graphite anode of all‐solid‐state batteries (ASSBs) enabled by the incorporation of an organic ionic plastic crystal (OIPC) electrolyte. Read the full text of the Research Article at 10.1002/batt.202200057.
Selective parenchymal clamping in open partial nephrectomy: Early experience with a low cost, reusable novel parenchymal clamp
Authors: Macneil James , Liu Shuo , Iqbal Ramiz , Macneil Finlay 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe objective of this study is to present our initial experience with a novel parenchymal clamp (NPC) developed to allow partial nephrectomies (PN) to be performed without whole kidney ischaemia. We compare patients who underwent PN with the NPC with those undergoing standard PNs.MethodsThe NPC applies pressure only to the portion of the parenchyma containing the small renal mass (≤3.5 cm) and interrupts regional blood flow.A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients that underwent open PN within our unit. Minimum follow‐up was 12 months. Patient and disease characteristics, perioperative outcomes and renal function estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) were compared.ResultsData were collected on 63 patients, of whom 33 had their procedure performed with the NPC. Demographic characteristics and comorbidity profiles were not significantly different between groups (p between 1.0 and 0.08). RENAL nephrometry scores were 5.6 in the NPC group versus 6.2 in the standard PN group (p = 0.146).Perioperative, operative and postoperative data did not show significant differences. There was no difference in the rates of Clavien‐Dindo III or above complications between the two groups (NPC 3/33 vs. standard PN 5/30, p = 0.416). There was also no statistically significant difference to changes in renal functional at 12 months (change −5.2 and −6.4, p = 0.712).ConclusionsDespite the limited sample size and follow‐up, this study establishes the safety of the NPC. In the future, we intend to perform a prospective study on the laparoscopic version.