bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Telehealth perceptions and utilization for the delivery of headache care before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A mixed‐methods study
Authors: Grinberg Amy S. , Fenton Brenda T. , Wang Kaicheng , Lindsey Hayley , Goldman Roberta E. , Baird Sean , Riley Samantha , Burrone Laura , Seng Elizabeth K. , Damush Teresa M. , Sico Jason J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to evaluate the utilization of telehealth for headache services within the Veterans Health Administration’s facilities housing a Headache Centers of Excellence and multiple stakeholder’s perspectives to inform future telehealth delivery.BackgroundTelehealth delivery of headache treatment may enhance patient access to headache care, yet little is known about the utilization or patient and provider perceptions of telehealth for veterans with headache.MethodsThis mixed‐methods study analyzed multiple data sources: (1) administrative data, which included 58,798 patients with medically diagnosed headache disorders, documented in at least one outpatient visit, from August 2019 through September 2020 from the 12 Veterans Health Administration’s facilities with a Headache Center of Excellence and (2) qualitative semistructured interviews with 20 patients and 43 providers 6 months before the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, and 10 patients and 20 providers 6 months during the beginning of the pandemic.ResultsDuring the pandemic, in‐person visits declined from 12,794 to 6099 (52.0%), whereas video (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 2.05, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.66, 2.52), and telephone visits (IRR = 15.2, 95% CI = 10.7, 21.6) significantly increased. Utilization differed based on patient age, race/ethnicity, and rurality. Patients and providers perceived value in using telehealth, yet had limited experience with this modality pre‐pandemic. Providers preferred in‐person appointments for initial encounters and telehealth for follow‐up visits. Providers and patients identified benefits and challenges of telehealth delivery, often relying on multiple delivery methods for telehealth to enhance patient engagement.ConclusionsThe uptake of telehealth delivery of headache‐related care rapidly expanded in response to the pandemic. Patients and providers were amenable to utilizing telehealth, yet also experienced technological barriers. To encourage equitable access to telehealth and direct resources to those in need, it is crucial to understand patient preferences regarding in‐person versus telehealth visits and identify patient groups who face barriers to access.
Quality of acute asthma care: an audit of clinical practice in a Victorian health service
Authors: Nash Jessica L. , Southcott Anne Marie , Jayaram Lata 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundGaps in the treatment of patients with acute asthma have been repeatedly described in Australia. We conducted a retrospective audit of acute asthma care at a Victorian tertiary institution.AimsTo describe acute asthma care at a large health network in metropolitan Melbourne, and evaluate the extent to which Emergency Department (ED) care was consistent with National Asthma Council guidelines.MethodsA retrospective audit was performed of medical records between July 2017 and June 2019. We included adult patients admitted to campuses within the Western Health network in Melbourne, Victoria, where the length of stay was at least 12 h, and the primary discharge diagnosis was asthma.ResultsFour hundred and ninety‐three admissions were included in the analysis, representing 392 individual patients. Seventy‐one percent of patients were female and 27% were current smokers. Ninety‐six percent of patients had a prior asthma diagnosis, 63% had a previous hospital presentation and 75% were prescribed an inhaled preventer. In the ED, systemic corticosteroids and inhaled salbutamol were prescribed in 65% and 82% admissions respectively; adjunctive treatments included ipratropium (67% of admissions), magnesium sulfate (30%), adrenaline (11%) and non‐invasive ventilation (9%). Overall, ED care was guideline concordant in 59% of admissions. On the wards, treatments prescribed within 24 h of admission included corticosteroids (90% of admissions), salbutamol (84%), ipratropium (64%) and inhaled preventers (63%). The proportion of patients prescribed these treatments, as well as documented follow up (e.g. asthma action plans), varied significantly depending on the treating specialty.ConclusionThe emergency treatment of patients with acute asthma frequently deviated from guidelines and there was significant variation in inpatient treatment. Quality improvement initiatives that incorporate structural changes are required to improve asthma care.
Intracranial paragangliomas versus schwannomas: Role of dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion and diffusion MRI
Authors: Ota Yoshiaki , Liao Eric , Capizzano Aristides A. , Baba Akira , Kurokawa Ryo , Kurokawa Mariko , Srinivasan Ashok 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground and PurposeDifferentiating paragangliomas from schwannomas and distinguishing sporadic from neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF 2)‐related schwannomas is challenging but clinically important. This study aimed to assess the utility of dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion MRI (DSC‐MRI) and diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) in discriminating infratentorial extra‐axial schwannomas from paragangliomas and NF2‐related schwannomas.MethodsThis retrospective study included 41 patients diagnosed with paragangliomas, sporadic schwannomas, and NF2‐related schwannomas in the infratentorial extra‐axial space between April 2013 and August 2021. All cases had pretreatment DSC‐MRI and DWI. Normalized mean apparent diffusion coefficient (nADCmean), normalized relative cerebral blood volume (nrCBV), and normalized relative cerebral blood flow (nrCBF) were compared between paragangliomas and schwannomas and between sporadic and NF2‐related schwannomas as appropriate.ResultsnrCBV and nrCBF were significantly higher in paragangliomas than in sporadic/NF2‐related schwannomas (nrCBV: median 11.5 vs. 1.14/3.74; p < .001 and .004, nrCBF: median 7.43 vs. 1.13/2.85; p < .001 and .007, respectively), while nADCmean were not. The corresponding diagnostic performances were area under the curves (AUCs) of .99/.92 and 1.0/.90 with cutoffs of 2.56/4.22 and 1.94/3.36, respectively. nADCmean were lower, and nrCBV and nrCBF were higher in NF2‐related than in sporadic schwannomas (nADCmean: median 1.23 vs. 1.58, nrCBV: median 3.74 vs. 1.14, nrCBF: median 2.85 vs. 1.13; all p < .001), and the corresponding diagnostic performances were AUCs of .93, .91, and .95 with cutoffs of 1.37, 2.63, and 2.48, respectively.ConclusionsDSC‐MRI and DWI both can aid in differentiating paragangliomas from schwannomas and sporadic from NF2‐related schwannomas.
Too cool to fight: Is ambient temperature associated with male aggressive behavior in the mesquite lizard?
Authors: Domínguez‐Godoy M. A. , Hudson R. , Montoya B. , Bastiaans E. , Díaz de la Vega‐Pérez A. H. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAggressive behavior is performed in the context of intraspecific competition for gaining access to mates, food, or suitable territories. However, aggressive confrontations may divert time and energy from other important activities and increase the likelihood of suffering physical injury or predation. Aggressive behavior is particularly costly for ectotherms because it may reduce the time available for thermoregulation, which is a time‐consuming activity but indispensable for adequate maintenance of metabolic processes. In this study, we analyzed the long‐term effect of the thermal quality (i.e. the degree of discrepancy between the temperatures available in a given environment and temperatures that animals prefer) on the aggressive behavior of the mesquite lizard Sceloporus grammicus. Our hypothesis was that time allocated to aggressive behavior in low thermal quality environments is diverted from time spent on the acquisition and maintenance of an adequate body temperature. Accordingly, we found that lizards from the low thermal quality location (i.e. low environmental temperature) exhibited less aggressive behavior than those captured in middle and high thermal quality locations. Our results show that in the low thermal quality location aggressive behavior was almost absent, suggesting that this behavior may interfere with the acquisition and maintenance of an adequate body temperature. Therefore, it is likely that the benefits of thermoregulation outweigh those of aggressive behavior at low thermal quality locations.
Complementary genomic and epigenomic adaptation to environmental heterogeneity
Authors: Gao Yangchun , Chen Yiyong , Li Shiguo , Huang Xuena , Hu Juntao , Bock Dan G. , MacIsaac Hugh J. , Zhan Aibin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWhile adaptation is commonly thought to result from selection on DNA sequence‐based variation, recent studies have highlighted an analogous epigenetic component as well. However, the relative roles of these mechanisms in facilitating population persistence under environmental heterogeneity remain unclear. To address the underlying genetic and epigenetic mechanisms and their relationship during environmental adaptation, we screened the genomes and epigenomes of nine global populations of a predominately sessile marine invasive tunicate, Botryllus schlosseri. We detected clear population differentiation at the genetic and epigenetic levels. Patterns of genetic and epigenetic structure were significantly influenced by local environmental variables. Among these variables, minimum annual sea surface temperature was identified as the top explanatory variable for both genetic and epigenetic variation. However, patterns of population structure driven by genetic and epigenetic variation were somewhat distinct, suggesting possible autonomy of epigenetic variation. We found both shared and specific genes and biological pathways among genetic and epigenetic loci associated with environmental factors, consistent with complementary and independent contributions of genetic and epigenetic variation to environmental adaptation in this system. Collectively, these mechanisms may facilitate population persistence under environmental change and sustain successful invasions across novel environments.
Functional identification of the different regions in B‐class floral homeotic MADS‐box proteins IiAP3 and IiPI from Isatis indigotica
Authors: Ma Ye‐Ye , Meng Qi , Tan Xiao‐Min , Yang Liu , Zhang Kai‐Li , Xu Zi‐Qin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAPETALA3 (AP3) and PISTILLATA (PI) are B‐class MADS‐box floral homeotic genes of Arabidopsis and are involved in specifying the identity of petals and stamens. In the present work, IiAP3 and IiPI, the respective orthologous genes of AP3 and PI, were cloned from Isatis indigotica. By expressing in ap3‐6 and pi‐1 homozygous mutant and in wild‐type Arabidopsis under the control of AP3 promoter or CaMV 35S promoter, we demonstrated that IiAP3 and IiPI were functionally equivalent to AP3 and PI of Arabidopsis. Referring to previous reports and the research results in the present work, expression patterns of AP3 and PI homologs are not the same in different angiosperms possessing diverse floral structures. It suggests that the alterations in expression may contribute to the changing morphology of flowers. To further determine the relationship between IiAP3 and IiPI, the coding sequences of the different structural regions in these two proteins were swapped with each other, and the data collected from transgenic Arabidopsis plants of the chimeric constructs suggested that MADS domain was irreplaceable for the function of IiAP3, K domain of IiAP3 was involved in specifying the identity of stamens, K domain of IiPI was mainly related to the formation of petals, and C‐terminal region of IiPI was involved in characterization of stamens. In addition, a complete KC region of these two proteins was more effective in phenotypic complementation of the mutants.
Time course and fibre type‐dependent nature of calcium‐handling protein responses to sprint interval exercise in human skeletal muscle
Authors: Tripp Thomas R. , Frankish Barnaby P. , Lun Victor , Wiley J. Preston , Shearer Jane , Murphy Robyn M. , MacInnis Martin J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSprint interval training (SIT) causes fragmentation of the skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release channel, ryanodine receptor 1 (RyR1), 24 h post‐exercise, potentially signalling mitochondrial biogenesis by increasing cytosolic [Ca2+]. Yet, the time course and skeletal muscle fibre type‐specific patterns of RyR1 fragmentation following a session of SIT remain unknown. Ten participants (n = 4 females; n = 6 males) performed a session of SIT (6 × 30 s ‘all‐out’ with 4.5 min rest after each sprint) with vastus lateralis muscle biopsy samples collected before and 3, 6 and 24 h after exercise. In whole muscle, full‐length RyR1 protein content was significantly reduced 6 h (mean (SD); −38 (38)%; P < 0.05) and 24 h post‐SIT (−30 (48)%; P < 0.05) compared to pre‐exercise. Examining each participant's largest response in pooled samples, full‐length RyR1 protein content was reduced in type II (−26 (30)%; P < 0.05) but not type I fibres (−11 (40)%; P > 0.05). Three hours post‐SIT, there was also a decrease in sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase 1 in type II fibres (−23 (17)%; P < 0.05) and sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase 2a in type I fibres (−19 (21)%; P < 0.05), despite no time effect for either protein in whole muscle samples (P > 0.05). PGC1A mRNA content was elevated 3 and 6 h post‐SIT (5.3‐ and 3.7‐fold change from pre, respectively; P < 0.05 for both), but peak PGC1A mRNA expression was not significantly correlated with peak RyR1 fragmentation (r2 = 0.10; P > 0.05). In summary, altered Ca2+‐handling protein expression, which occurs primarily in type II muscle fibres, may influence signals for mitochondrial biogenesis as early as 3–6 h post‐SIT in humans.Key points
Sprint interval training (SIT) has been shown to cause fragmentation of the sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium‐release channel, ryanodine receptor 1 (RyR1), 24 h post‐exercise, which may act as a signal for mitochondrial biogenesis.
In this study, the time course was examined of RyR1 fragmentation in human whole muscle and pooled type I and type II skeletal muscle fibres following a single session of SIT.
Full‐length RyR1 protein content was significantly lower than pre‐exercise by 6 h post‐SIT in whole muscle, and fragmentation was detectable in type II but not type I fibres, though to a lesser extent than in whole muscle.
The peak in PGC1A mRNA expression occurred earlier than RyR1 fragmentation.
The increased temporal resolution and fibre type‐specific responses for RyR1 fragmentation provide insights into its importance to mitochondrial biogenesis in humans.
Estigma público en salud mental en la universidad
Authors: Saavedra Javier , Murvartian Lara 
Published: May 2022

El estigma público en salud mental dificulta la recuperación de las personas con trastornos mentales graves. En este trabajo se exploró el estigma público en 678 estudiantes de la Universidad de Sevilla (76.8 % mujeres) de las facultades de psicología (44.54 %), comunicación (21.53 %), educación (21.97 %) y de facultades técnicas (11.95 %) en dos momentos: curso 2014-2015 y 2020-2021. Para ello, se empleó la adaptación al español del cuestionario atribucional (AQ27) en su versión abreviada (AQ14), con validez convergente y fiabilidad adecuadas, la escala de niveles de familiaridad (LOF) y un cuestionario sociodemográfico. El estigma público estuvo presente, con diferencias significativas según la facultad (p = 0.003): mayor en las facultades técnicas (M = 3.81; DE = 1.18) y de educación (M = 3.4; DE = 1.15). En el curso 2020-2021 descendió en la facultad de educación (p < 0.001); en psicología y comunicación se mantuvo estable (p = 0.912 y p = 0.331). Se discutió el descenso de los niveles elevados de estigma en 2019-2020 respecto a 2014-2015, debido a las intervenciones contra el estigma de los últimos años y se propuso desarrollar otras sensibles a niveles más bajos de estigma.
Calculation of Gamma and Neutron Shielding Parameters for Reinforced Polymer Composites
Authors: Osman A. M. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this study, the shielding parameters for isophorone diamine (IPDA) with different ratios of barite (BaSO4), boron carbide (B4C), and aluminum oxide (Al2O3) composites were theoretically investigated. The mass attenuation coefficients (μm) were calculated at the photon energy range (1 keV to 20 MeV) using the xcom program. The obtained data were used to calculate the linear attenuation coefficients (μ), relaxation lengths (λ), half value layer (HVL), and tenth value layer (TVL) for the same range of energy. For comparison, five other shielding materials, ordinary concrete, high-density polyethylene, borated polyethylene, lithium polyethylene, and water, were also studied. The macroscopic fast neutron removal cross-sections (∑R) were calculated for the selected composites. The obtained results show that the shielding parameters strongly depend on the photon energy, chemical composition, and density of the investigated materials. The dependence of mass attenuation coefficients and macroscopic fast neutron removal cross section on the chemical composition of the selected polymer composites was discussed. Barite composite is seen to be a good attenuating material; aluminum oxide composite is a reasonable attenuating behavior, while Boron composite shows a relatively weak attenuating properties. The results obtained through this work can be used to understand the behavior and shielding effectiveness of the selected polymer composites.
Joining of Zirconium Alloys to Nickel Bearing Alloys for In-Core Components
Authors: Gaudet Michel , McLellan Anne , Gerlich Adrian , Williams Bruce 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Zirconium alloys are well-positioned as the material of choice for nuclear in-core structures since they have a low neutron absorption cross section and possess good material properties under elevated neutron flux and high-temperature operating conditions. The Canadian supercritical water-cooled reactor (SCWR) concept pressure tube includes a transition from zirconium-tin alloy (Excel) to a yet to be selected stainless steel to allow it to be seal welded to the inlet plenum. Thus, a method to join zirconium and its alloys to ferrous and nickel-bearing alloys is desired. To this end, a series of experiments were carried out to demonstrate the feasibility of this method. A joint approaching the strength of the parent material was achieved using both rotary friction welding and co-extrusion methods, although the joints exhibited lower ductility than that of the parent material. Microstructural examination of the joint revealed a ∼200 nm to ∼1 μm intermetallic layer at the transition zone, which was the location of failure in the tensile specimen.
The low-angle breakaway system for the Northern Snake Range décollement in the Schell Creek and Duck Creek Ranges, eastern Nevada, USA: Implications for displacement magnitude
Authors: Long Sean P. , Lee Jeffrey , Blackford Nolan R. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDocumenting the kinematics of detachment faults can provide fundamental insights into the ways in which the lithosphere evolves during high-magnitude extension. Although it has been investigated for 70 yr, the displacement magnitude on the Northern Snake Range décollement in eastern Nevada remains vigorously debated, with published estimates ranging between &lt;10 and 60 km. To provide constraints on displacement on the Northern Snake Range décollement, we present retrodeformed cross sections across the west-adjacent Schell Creek and Duck Creek Ranges, which expose a system of low-angle faults that have previously been mapped as thrust faults. We reinterpret this fault system as the extensional Schell Creek Range detachment system, which is a stacked series of top-down-to-the-ESE brittle normal faults with 5°–10° stratigraphic cutoff angles that carry 0.1–0.5-km-thick sheets that are up to 8–13 km long. The western portion of the Schell Creek Range detachment system accomplished ~5 km of structural attenuation and is folded across an antiformal culmination that progressively grew during extension. Restoration using an Eocene unconformity as a paleohorizontal marker indicates that faults of the Schell Creek Range detachment system were active at ~5°–10°E dips. The Schell Creek Range detachment system accommodated 36 km of displacement via repeated excision, which is bracketed between ca. 36.5 and 26.1 Ma by published geochronology. Based on their spatial proximity, compatible displacement sense, overlapping deformation timing, and the similar stratigraphic levels to which these faults root, we propose that the Schell Creek Range detachment system represents the western breakaway system for the Northern Snake Range décollement. Debates over the pre-extensional geometry of the Northern Snake Range décollement hinder an accurate cumulative extension estimate, but our reconstruction shows that the Schell Creek Range detachment system fed at least 36 km of displacement eastward into the Northern Snake Range décollement.
Patient-centred outcomes of imaging tests: recommendations for patients, clinicians and researchers
Authors: Thompson Matthew J , Suchsland Monica Zigman , Hardy Victoria , Lavallee Danielle C , Lord Sally , Devine Emily Beth , Jarvik Jeffrey G , Findlay Steven , Trikalinos Thomas A , Walter Fiona M , Chou Roger , Green Beverly B , Wernli Karen J , Fitzpatrick Annette L , Bossuyt Patrick M 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundImaging tests are one of the most frequently used diagnostic modalities in healthcare, but the benefits of their direct impacts on clinical decision-making have been countered by concerns that they can be overused. Assessing the relative value of imaging tests has largely focused on measures of test accuracy, which overlooks more comprehensive benefits and risks of imaging tests, particularly their impact on patient-centred outcomes (PCOs). We present the findings of the Patient Reported Outcomes of Diagnostics (PROD) research study in response to a methodological gap in the area of diagnostic test comparative effectiveness research.MethodsOver a 3-year period, the PROD Study engaged with multiple stakeholders to identify existing conceptual models related to PCOs for imaging testing, conducted primary research and evidence synthesis, and developed consensus recommendations to describe and categorise PCOs related to imaging testing.ResultsThe PROD framework categorises PCOs from imaging studies within four main domains: information or knowledge yielded, physical impact, emotional outcomes and test burden. PCOs interact with each other and influence effects across domains, and can be modified by factors related to the patient, clinical situation, healthcare team and the testing environment.ConclusionsUsing PCOs to inform healthcare decision-making will require ways of collating and presenting information on PCOs in ways that can inform patient–provider decision-making, and developing methods to determine the relative importance of outcomes (including test accuracy) to one another.