bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Method of railway shunting operation sheet information extraction guided by table header
Authors: Zhang Bingjie , Huang Shize , Zhang Lei , Liu Xiaowen , Song Guanqun , Qin Jinzhe , Li Man 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe railway shunting operation sheet is the written plan of the shunting operation. In the current shunting operation preparation process, signalmen must input the plans manually for subsequent execution, which is inefficient and at risk of misoperation. Here, an information extraction method is proposed to convert shunting operation sheet images to readable instructions for Continuous Train Control (CTC) systems. First, the shunting operation sheet images are preprocessed to facilitate subsequent text recognition based on the Paddle OCR model. Second, the table is located and reconstructed with the results of recognized contents and coordinates of texts. Then, the results of the table reconstruction were optimized based on the tabulation rules of shunting operation. Finally, tabular texts containing structural and attribute information are transcribed into eXtensible Markup Language (XML) format, which can be read automatically by CTC systems based on the C programming language. The proposed approach was evaluated on real‐world samples, and the results showed that the comprehensive accuracy of information extraction was 0.85. Furthermore, a pre‐processing combination strategy was established to improve the accuracy and generalizability of the proposed method.
Experimental and first‐principles investigations on g‐C3N4/ZnS heterostructures with enhanced photocatalyst capability
Authors: Wang Yunting , Qiao Qing‐an , Cai Honglan , Jin Juan , Gao Hongwei , Xu Yanbin 
Published: June 2022

Abstractg‐C3N4 was employed as a modified substance for modification engineering of wurtzite‐ZnS photocatalysts to overcome its limited light response and stability. The g‐C3N4/ZnS (CNZS) photocatalyst was synthesized by solvothermal reaction of g‐C3N4, thiourea and zinc acetate. The results show that wurtzite‐ZnS spheres were loaded on the surface of g‐C3N4 with well uniformed size. The photocatalytic activity of the catalyst was determined by the degradation of MB and Rh.B under visible light. The degradation rates of Rh.B and MB by CNZS were 96% and 97%, much better than that of pure ZnS. The addition of g‐C3N4 promoted the visible light response of wurtzite‐ZnS and inhibited the recombination of photogenerated electrons with holes. The density functional theory (DFT) results indicated that the components of both valence band and conductive band were changed for the CNZS system. Compared to pure ZnS, the band gap of CNZS was decreased about 0.5 eV, and the work function calculations were in good agreement with the experimental results. As a result, the heterostructure of CNZS made it beneficial to the electron transfer from g‐C3N4(2p of N) to ZnS (3p of S) and absorption edge has been extended to about 600 nm.
Enhanced dynamic performance in DC–DC converter‐PMDC motor combination through an intelligent non‐linear adaptive control scheme
Authors: Nizami Tousif Khan , Chakravarty Arghya , Mahanta Chitralekha , Iqbal Atif , Hosseinpour Alireza 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA novel neuro‐adaptive control scheme is proposed in the context of angular velocity tracking in DC–DC buck converter driven permanent magnet DC motor system. The controller builds upon the idea of backstepping and consists of a fast single hidden layer Hermite neural network (HNN) module equipped with on‐board (adaptive) learning to counteract the unknown non‐linear time‐varying load torque and to ensure nominal tracking performance. The HNN has a simple structure and exhibits promising speed and accuracy in estimating dynamic variations in the unknown load torque apart from being computationally efficient. The proposed method guarantees a rapid recovery of nominal angular velocity tracking under parametric and non‐parametric uncertainties. In order to verify the performance of the proposed neuro‐adaptive speed controller, extensive experimentation has been conducted in the laboratory under various real‐time scenarios. Results are obtained for start‐up, time‐varying angular velocity tracking and under the influence of highly non‐linear unknown load torque. The performance metrics such as peak undershoot/overshoot and settling time are computed to quantify the transient response behaviour. The results clearly substantiate theoretical propositions and demonstrate an enhanced dynamic speed tracking under a wide operating regime, thus confirming the suitability of proposed method for fast industrial applications.
Umsetzung von Testung, Diagnostik und Behandlung der Hepatitis C in
Einrichtungen der niedrigschwelligen Drogenhilfe in Deutschland – eine
Querschnittsbefragung
Authors: Schulte Bernd , Jacobsen Britta , Kuban Maria , Kraus Ludwig , Reimer Jens , Schmidt Christiane Sybille , Schäffer Dirk 
Published: June 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Einrichtungen der Aids- und Drogenhilfe bieten einen
niedrigschwelligen Zugang für Menschen mit injizierendem und anderen
Drogenkonsumformen und spielen somit eine zentrale Rolle für die
Eindämmung von Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)-Infektionen in dieser
Hochrisikogruppe. Ziel dieser Studie ist es, die Versorgungsleistungen sowie
Barrieren von HCV-spezifischen Maßnahmen in Einrichtungen der Aids- und
Drogenhilfe mit niedrigschwelligen Angeboten in Deutschland zu beschreiben.
Methode Die Querschnittsbefragung adressierte Einrichtungsstrukturen,
Verfügbarkeit von HCV-spezifischen Maßnahmen
(Prävention, Testung, Diagnostik, Therapie), strukturelle,
einrichtungsbezogene und patient:innenbezogene Barrieren. Die Vergabe von
Konsumutensilien wurde als Kriterium für die Auswahl von Einrichtungen
mit einem niedrigschwelligen Zugang für Menschen mit injizierendem und
anderen Drogenkonsumformen herangezogen. Die Datenanalyse erfolgte deskriptiv,
indem Einrichtungen anhand ihrer Merkmale zusammengefasst, beschrieben und
analysiert wurden.
Ergebnisse Von 380 kontaktierten Einrichtungen gingen Antworten von 135
Einrichtungen mit einer Vergabe von Konsumutensilien in die Auswertung ein. Der
Großteil der Einrichtungen bot Informationen zu „Safer
Use“ (98,5%) und Beratungen zu HCV (87,4%) an. Etwa
28% der Einrichtungen verfügten über
HCV-Antikörper bzw. Schnelltestangebote. 40% bzw. 64,4%
aller Einrichtungen gaben an, dass Klient:innen mit einem positiven
Antikörpertestergebnis bzw. mit einer entsprechenden Diagnose
(z. B. chronische HCV-Infektion) in die medizinische Versorgung
weitervermittelt werden können. Als Hauptbarrieren für eine
verbesserte Umsetzung von HCV-spezifischen Maßnahmen wurden
ungenügende Finanzierung und klient:innenbezogene Barrieren
(z. B. mangelnde Zuverlässigkeit) genannt.
Schlussfolgerungen Während Maßnahmen zur
HCV-Prävention integraler Bestandteil der niedrigschwelligen Drogenhilfe
sind, ist die Verfügbarkeit und Inanspruchnahme von HCV-Test- und
Versorgungsangeboten für Menschen mit injizierendem und anderen
Drogenkonsumformen so gering, dass dies nicht ausreicht, um HCV-Infektionen in
dieser Hochrisikogruppe signifikant einzudämmen. Neben einer
ausreichenden Finanzierung sind klient:innenbezogene Maßnahmen zur
Verbesserung der Inanspruchnahme der Angebote notwendig.
Cellular Homeostasis and Repair in the Biliary Tree
Authors: Wang Wei , Chen Dongfeng , Wang Jun , Wen Liangzhi 
Published: June 2022

During biliary tree homeostasis, BECs are largely in a quiescent state and their turnover is slow for maintaining normal tissue homeostasis. BTSCs continually replenish new BECs in the luminal surface of EHBDs. In response to various types of biliary injuries, distinct cellular sources, including HPCs, BTSCs, hepatocytes, and BECs, repair or regenerate the injured bile duct. BEC, biliary epithelial cell; BTSC, biliary tree stem/progenitor cell; EHBD, extrahepatic bile ducts; HPC, hepatic progenitor cell.The biliary tree comprises intrahepatic bile ducts and extrahepatic bile ducts lined with epithelial cells known as biliary epithelial cells (BECs). BECs are a common target of various cholangiopathies for which there is an unmet therapeutic need in clinical hepatology. The repair and regeneration of biliary tissue may potentially restore the normal architecture and function of the biliary tree. Hence, the repair and regeneration process in detail, including the replication of existing BECs, expansion and differentiation of the hepatic progenitor cells and biliary tree stem/progenitor cells, and transdifferentiation of the hepatocytes, should be understood. In this paper, we review biliary tree homeostasis, repair, and regeneration and discuss the feasibility of regenerative therapy strategies for cholangiopathy treatment.
Sinonasal Undifferentiated Carcinoma with Failed Response to Induction Chemotherapy
Authors: Papazian Michael R. , Gordon Alex J. , Chow Michael , Patel Aneek , Pacione Donato , Lieberman Seth , Givi Babak 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma (SNUC) is a rapidly growing malignancy with a propensity for extensive local invasion. Multimodal therapy, including surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, is the standard approach to treatment, but the optimal sequence and combination of these modalities are uncertain. Induction chemotherapy is being increasingly utilized based on recent reports that show better outcomes for patients who respond to chemotherapy and the ability to determine further course of treatment. We present a unique case of a patient with locally advanced SNUC that did not respond to induction chemotherapy and a review of the available literature relating to the management of this rare malignancy.
Microwave-Assisted, Metal-Free, Chemoselective N-Formylation of Amines using 2-Formyl-1,3-dimethyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium Iodide and In Situ Synthesis of Benzimidazole and Isocyanides
Authors: Thimmegowda Naraganahalli R. , Rangappa Kanchugarakoppal S. , Jagadeesha Gullahalli S. , Mantelingu Kempegowda 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAn efficient, environmentally benign, chemoselective, microwave-assisted N-formylation protocol of aromatic, aliphatic, alicyclic, benzylic amines, inactivated aromatic amines and sterically demanding heterocyclic amines using 2-formyl-1,3-dimethyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium iodide has been developed. This affords a series of N-substituted formamides with good to excellent yields (23 examples, 53–96% yield) and can be readily scaled. The methodology can be further extended to synthesize benzimidazole and isocyanide derivatives.
Epidemiological Risk Factors of Suicidal Behavior and Effects of the Components of Coping Strategies on Suicidal Behavior in Medical Students: A North-Indian Institution-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Garg Sunny , Chauhan Alka , Singh Sanjeet , Bansal Kirti 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background Mental stresses and adoption of poor coping strategies can be a cause of suicidal behavior in medical students.

Objective The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of suicidal behavior, and effects of the components of coping strategies on suicidal behavior among medical students

Methodology An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among medical students of a college located in North India for a period of 2 months from February to March 2021. A total of 531 study participants (calculated sample size) were selected, and then allocated proportionally to each academic year, both through stratified random sampling technique. Then, the participants were asked to complete a self-administered questionnaire consisting of sociodemographic characteristics, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R), and coping inventory. A pretest was done to modify the coping inventory and then exploratory factor analysis was performed on it to classify the components of coping strategies. Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression analysis were used to determine the risk factors and their association with suicidal behavior.

Results A total of 104 (19.6%) respondents had reported SBQ-R cutoff score > 7 and had suicidal behavior. The rate of lifetime suicidal ideation, plan, and attempt was 20.3, 10.3, and 2.3%, respectively, among medical students, with 1-year prevalence of suicidal ideation at 33%. The mean age of the participants was 21.26 years (standard deviation = 1.99). The identified risk factors significantly associated with higher suicidal behavior were depression (odds ratio [OR] = 9.6), dissatisfaction with academic performances (OR = 4.9), and coping with mental disengagement (OR = 4.6), while coping with supportive strategies (OR = 0.57) was investigated as a preventive factor for the suicidal behavior.

Conclusion The prevalence of suicidal behavior is found to be highly alarming, revealing that depression and poor coping strategies are risk factors among medical students. The analysis recommends that quantification of the problems, treatment at an early stage, and proactive student counseling to help them embrace the appropriate coping strategies, should be the first steps in prevention of suicidal behavior.
Solid Phase Assays for Antiphospholipid Antibodies
Authors: Devreese Katrien M.J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe diagnosis of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) relies on the detection of circulating antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL). Currently, lupus anticoagulant (LA), anticardiolipin (aCL), and anti-β2-glycoprotein I antibodies (aβ2GPI) IgG or IgM are the laboratory criteria if persistently present over time. As aCL and aβ2GPI are two out of the three laboratory criteria, the detection of aPL by solid phase assays is an essential step in the diagnosis of APS. Advancement has been made to resolve some of the methodological challenges of aCL and aβ2GPI assays by providing guidelines how to measure aPL, as well as to gain a better understanding of their diagnostic role. However, solid phase assays for aCL and aβ2GPI still show substantive inter-assay differences, resulting in disagreement concerning positive/negative results, but also differences in titer of antibodies. This hampers the semiquantitative classification into low-medium-high positivity. The non-criteria aPL, such as antibodies against the domain one of β2GPI and anti-phosphatidylserine/prothrombin antibodies (aPS/PT) have roles in confirming the risk in APS, and can be useful, especially in patients with incomplete antibody profiles.
Dorsal Wrist Ganglion: Pilot for Randomized Control Trial Comparing Aspiration Alone or Combined with Injection of Platelet-Rich Plasma
Authors: Hamlin Katharine , Haddon Alexandra , Khan Yasmeen , Miller Clare , Lawrie David 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis pilot study assessed the feasibility of performing a randomized control trial (RCT) investigating injection with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) for dorsal wrist ganglion (DWG). Aspiration alone was compared with aspiration plus injection of PRP. Seventeen patients were enrolled. Nine patients received PRP and eight aspiration alone. Patients were followed up at 6 weeks and 1 year; recurrence of the ganglion and Patient Evaluation Measure scores were measured. At 6 weeks seven patients in the aspiration group had a recurrence and five in the PRP group, but by 1 year, this has increased to seven out of eight in the PRP group whereas in the aspiration group four had resolved leaving three out of eight patients with a ganglion still present. From the basis of our work an RCT would require a minimum of 46 patients per group; however, it is unlikely that PRP will be a panacea for ganglia. This is a Level II study.
Leveraging Social Networks for the Assessment and Management of Neurological Patients
Authors: Dhand Amar , Podury Archana , Choudhry Niteesh , Narayanan Shrikanth , Shin Min , Mehl Matthias R. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSocial networks are the persons surrounding a patient who provide support, circulate information, and influence health behaviors. For patients seen by neurologists, social networks are one of the most proximate social determinants of health that are actually accessible to clinicians, compared with wider social forces such as structural inequalities. We can measure social networks and related phenomena of social connection using a growing set of scalable and quantitative tools increasing familiarity with social network effects and mechanisms. This scientific approach is built on decades of neurobiological and psychological research highlighting the impact of the social environment on physical and mental well-being, nervous system structure, and neuro-recovery. Here, we review the biology and psychology of social networks, assessment methods including novel social sensors, and the design of network interventions and social therapeutics.
Vascular Manifestations of Tuberculous Meningitis: MR Angiography and Venography Study
Authors: Naik Suprava , Bhoi Sanjeev Kumar , Deep Nerbadyswari , Mohakud Sudipta , Mishra Baijayantimala , Dey Anupam , Kumar Rajesh , Saharia Gautom Kumar , Kumar Mukesh 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Purpose The purpose of this study is to evaluate magnetic resonance (MR) angiography (MRA) and venography (MRV) findings in tuberculous meningitis (TBM).

Methods Thirty consecutive patients of clinically diagnosed TBM were enrolled. Apart from T2-weighted imaging, T1-weighted imaging (T1WI), diffusion-weighted imaging, susceptibility-weighted imaging, fluid-attenuated inversion recovery, and postcontrast T1WI, time-of-flight (TOF) MRA and postcontrast MRV were done in all the patients. MRV was done after intravenous administration of gadolinium-based contrast agent followed by postcontrast T1WI. MRA and MRV findings were analyzed.

Results Mean age of the patients was 33.13 ± 14.93 years. Duration of symptom was 34.90 ± 33.82 (range: 10–150) days. Out of 30 patients, 11 were categorized as definite TBM and 19 probable TBM. Eighteen (60%) were grade I, 7 (23%) grade II, and 5 (16%) grade III TBM based on severity. MR abnormalities were in varying combinations of leptomeningeal enhancement in 24 (80%), pachymeningeal in 2, both in 3, tuberculomas in 13 (43.3%), ventriculitis in 1, hydrocephalus in 16 (53.3%), and infarcts in 10 (33.3%) patients out of which the tubercular zone infarct in 9 patients. TOF MRA showed arterial abnormality in 13 patients. Anterior cerebral artery and middle cerebral artery have commonly involved vessels. Dural sinus thrombosis was noted in two patients. Both were female. One patient had subacute thrombus in the posterior part of superior sagittal sinus, left transverse sinus, and proximal right transverse sinus. The second patient had a filling defect in the transverse sinus.

Conclusion In TBM, there is predominant arterial involvement causing infarcts which are usually seen in the tubercular zone. However, occasionally, there may be venous involvement causing cerebral venous sinus thrombosis.
Fast atomic structure optimization with on-the-fly sparse Gaussian process potentials
*
Authors: Hajibabaei Amir , Umer Muhammad , Anand Rohit , Ha Miran , Kim Kwang S 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We apply on-the-fly machine learning potentials (MLPs) using the sparse Gaussian process regression (SGPR) algorithm for fast optimization of atomic structures. Great acceleration is achieved even in the context of a single local optimization. Although for finding the exact local minimum, due to limited accuracy of MLPs, switching to another algorithm may be needed. For random gold clusters, the forces are reduced to ∼0.1 eV Å−1 within less than ten first-principles (FP) calculations. Because of highly transferable MLPs, this algorithm is specially suitable for global optimization methods such as random or evolutionary structure searching or basin hopping. This is demonstrated by sequential optimization of random gold clusters for which, after only a few optimizations, FP calculations were rarely needed.
Surface nanopatterning of amorphous gallium oxide thin film for enhanced solar-blind photodetection
Authors: Kaur Damanpreet , Vashishtha Pargam , Gupta Govind , Sarkar Subhendu , Kumar Mukesh 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Gallium oxide is an ultra-wide band gap semiconductor (E
g > 4.4 eV), best suited intrinsically for the fabrication of solar-blind photodetectors. Apart from its crystalline phases, amorphous Ga2O3 based solar-blind photodetector offer simple and facile growth without the hassle of lattice matching and high temperatures for growth and annealing. However, they often suffer from long response times which hinders any practical use. Herein, we report a simple and cost-effective method to enhance the device performance of amorphous gallium oxide thin film photodetector by nanopatterning the surface using a broad and low energy Ar+ ion beam. The ripples formed on the surface of gallium oxide thin film lead to the formation of anisotropic conduction channels along with an increase in the surface defects. The defects introduced in the system act as recombination centers for the charge carriers bringing about a reduction in the decay time of the devices, even at zero-bias. The fall time of the rippled devices, therefore, reduces, making the devices faster by more than 15 times. This approach of surface modification of gallium oxide provides a one-step, low cost method to enhance the device performance of amorphous thin films which can help in the realization of next-generation optoelectronics.
Equivariant bifurcation, quadratic equivariants, and symmetry breaking for the standard representation of S

k
Authors: Arjevani Yossi , Field Michael 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Motivated by questions originating from the study of a class of shallow student-teacher neural networks, methods are developed for the analysis of spurious minima in classes of gradient equivariant dynamics related to neural networks. In the symmetric case, methods depend on the generic equivariant bifurcation theory of irreducible representations of the symmetric group on k symbols, S

k
; in particular, the standard representation of S

k
. It is shown that spurious minima (non-global local minima) do not arise from spontaneous symmetry breaking but rather through a complex deformation of the landscape geometry that can be encoded by a generic S

k
-equivariant bifurcation. We describe minimal models for forced symmetry breaking that give a lower bound on the dynamic complexity involved in the creation of spurious minima when there is no symmetry. Results on generic bifurcation when there are quadratic equivariants are also proved; this work extends and clarifies results of Ihrig & Golubitsky and Chossat, Lauterbach & Melbourne on the instability of solutions when there are quadratic equivariants.