bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of Water Huff-n-Puff in Low-Permeability Oil Reservoirs With Horizontal Fractures: A Case Study of Chang 6 Reservoir in Yanchang, China
Authors: Meng Xuangang , Hang Song , Zhang Heng , Gao Feilong , Gao Yong , Li Xiangfang 
Published: January 2022

Water huff-n-puff is an effective technology to enhance oil recovery (EOR) of low-permeability reservoirs, which are usually developed with hydraulic fracturing. Fluid exchange between fractures and the matrix is the main EOR mechanism. However, the presented water huff-n-puff simulations usually assume vertical fracture morphology, while the horizontal fractures formed in shallow reservoirs are rarely reported. In this study, we first introduced the water huff-n-puff process in a low-permeability oil reservoir with horizontal fractures and described the multiphase flow characteristics during the huff, soak, and puff stages. Then combined with a series of experiments, a comprehensive method is used to determine the key flow parameters, that is, capillary pressure and relative permeability. Finally, using the Chang 6 reservoir as an example, a series of numerical simulations were conducted to demonstrate the effect of water huff-n-puff on the well performance in this field. The simulation results showed that oil production is mainly affected by the injection volume and injection rate, while water production mainly depends on the well shut-in time. For a typical well in this field, the optimal injection volume, injection rate, and well shut-in time are 300 m3, 10 m3/d, and 30 days, respectively. In addition, our results showed that increasing the number of cycles not only benefits fluid exchange but also enhances the formation pressure. Both of them can accelerate the development of low-permeability oil reservoirs.
Validation of Controlled Attenuation Parameter Measured by FibroScan as a Novel Surrogate Marker for the Evaluation of Metabolic Derangement
Authors: Huang Zhimin , Ng Kaka , Chen Hongyan , Deng Wanping , Li Yanbing 
Published: January 2022

Background/ObjectivesRenaming non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) suggests a shift of emphasis to the accompanying metabolic disturbance. Controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) measured by FibroScan has been shown to be correlated with hepatic steatosis. We aim to validate its usefulness as a novel surrogate marker for evaluating metabolic derangement.Subjects/MethodsVolunteers were recruited from medical staff at our hospital to undergo CAP measurements. Anthropometrics, CAP, and laboratory assessments for metabolic profiles and insulin resistance were collected. CAP &lt; 238 dB/m denoted no hepatic steatosis, 238 ≤ CAP ≤ 259 dB/m denoted mild, 260 ≤ CAP ≤ 291 dB/m denoted moderate, and CAP &gt; 291 dB/m denoted severe hepatic steatosis according to previous reports.ResultsData of 824 participants were included for analysis. The age was 53.2 ± 15.4 years, body mass index (BMI) was 23.6 ± 3.1 kg/m2, 24.4% were male subjects, and 22.0% met the criteria for metabolic syndrome (MetS). Taking the group with CAP &lt; 238 dB/m as control, subjects with mild, moderate, and severe hepatic steatosis had increased odds of MetS by 3.51-, 3.32-, and 5.12-fold, respectively, after adjusting for multiple confounders (p = 0.020). Metabolic profiles, insulin resistance, and presence of MetS were similar between normal-weight subjects with CAP ≥ 238 dB/m and overweight subjects with CAP &lt; 238 dB/m. Even in subjects with no MetS components, those with CAP ≥ 238 dB/m had higher BMI, waist circumferences, uric acid, triglyceride, white blood cell count, and insulin resistance, whereas lower adiponectin and estimated glomerular filtration rate. Waist circumference [OR 1.11 (1.04, 1.18), p = 0.001] and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) [OR 2.39 (1.18, 4.83), p = 0.016] were predictive of hepatic steatosis according to CAP ≥ 238 dB/m.ConclusionsCAP is a convenient, sensitive, and non-invasive indicator for metabolic derangement. Prospective studies are needed to further validate its usefulness as a surrogate marker for the transition of metabolic status over time.
Denosumab for the Treatment of Hypercalcemia in a Patient With Parathyroid Carcinoma: A Case Report
Authors: Roukain Abdallah , Alwan Heba , Bongiovanni Massimo , Sykiotis Gerasimos P. , Kopp Peter A. 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundRefractory hypercalcemia is one of the major complications of parathyroid carcinoma.Case reportAn 84-year old female patient presented with an acute confusional state due to hypercalcemia. This led to the diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism for which she underwent surgery. The initial histological diagnosis was interpreted as atypical parathyroid adenoma; the resection was microscopically incomplete. One year later, the patient presented with elevated calcium levels up to 3.89 mmol/l. Recurrent severe hypercalcemia required multiple hospitalizations. Review of the histology slides revealed that the initially resected lesion was in fact a parathyroid carcinoma. Treatment with the calcimimetic drug cinacalcet was poorly tolerated. Repeated administration of zoledronic acid only had transient effects on calcium levels, and bisphosphonate treatment was ultimately discontinued because of chronic renal failure. The patient then received denosumab (60 or 120 mg) when needed (nine doses over twenty months), the last dose in November 2020, which led to a reduction and control of here calcium levels. Currently, at three years after initial surgery, calcium levels are stable between 2.7-2.8 mmol/l and the patient has not required hospitalization for hypercalcemia for 10 months.DiscussionIn case of parathyroid carcinoma, en-bloc resection is the first treatment. Denosumab has proven its efficiency in treating hypercalcemia in malignancy. Several case reports studied denosumab in hypercalcemia due to parathyroid carcinoma, and the treatment were efficient to decrease levels of calcium when repeated as needed or monthly. We report another case of refractory hypercalcemia treated with several doses of denosumab in a patient with parathyroid carcinoma.
Hypoxia Induced Sex-Difference in Zebrafish Brain Proteome Profile Reveals the Crucial Role of H3K9me3 in Recovery From Acute Hypoxia
Authors: Das Tapatee , Kamle Avijeet , Kumar Arvind , Chakravarty Sumana 
Published: January 2022

Understanding the molecular basis of sex differences in neural response to acute hypoxic insult has profound implications for the effective prevention and treatment of ischemic stroke. Global hypoxic-ischemic induced neural damage has been studied recently under well-controlled, non-invasive, reproducible conditions using a zebrafish model. Our earlier report on sex difference in global acute hypoxia-induced neural damage and recovery in zebrafish prompted us to conduct a comprehensive study on the mechanisms underlying the recovery. An omics approach for studying quantitative changes in brain proteome upon hypoxia insult following recovery was undertaken using iTRAQ-based LC-MS/MS approach. The results shed light on the altered expression of many regulatory proteins in the zebrafish brain upon acute hypoxia following recovery. The sex difference in differentially expressed proteins along with the proteins expressed in a uniform direction in both the sexes was studied. Core expression analysis by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) showed a distinct sex difference in the disease function heatmap. Most of the upstream regulators obtained through IPA were validated at the transcriptional level. Translational upregulation of H3K9me3 in males led us to elucidate the mechanism of recovery by confirming transcriptional targets through ChIP-qPCR. The upregulation of H3K9me3 level in males at 4 h post-hypoxia appears to affect the early neurogenic markers nestin, klf4, and sox2, which might explain the late recovery in males, compared to females. Acute hypoxia-induced sex-specific comparison of brain proteome led us to reveal many differentially expressed proteins, which can be further studied for the development of novel targets for better therapeutic strategy.
Multi-Trait Multi-Environment Genomic Prediction for End-Use Quality Traits in Winter Wheat
Authors: Sandhu Karansher S. , Patil Shruti Sunil , Aoun Meriem , Carter Arron H. 
Published: January 2022

Soft white wheat is a wheat class used in foreign and domestic markets to make various end products requiring specific quality attributes. Due to associated cost, time, and amount of seed needed, phenotyping for the end-use quality trait is delayed until later generations. Previously, we explored the potential of using genomic selection (GS) for selecting superior genotypes earlier in the breeding program. Breeders typically measure multiple traits across various locations, and it opens up the avenue for exploring multi-trait–based GS models. This study’s main objective was to explore the potential of using multi-trait GS models for predicting seven different end-use quality traits using cross-validation, independent prediction, and across-location predictions in a wheat breeding program. The population used consisted of 666 soft white wheat genotypes planted for 5 years at two locations in Washington, United States. We optimized and compared the performances of four uni-trait– and multi-trait–based GS models, namely, Bayes B, genomic best linear unbiased prediction (GBLUP), multilayer perceptron (MLP), and random forests. The prediction accuracies for multi-trait GS models were 5.5 and 7.9% superior to uni-trait models for the within-environment and across-location predictions. Multi-trait machine and deep learning models performed superior to GBLUP and Bayes B for across-location predictions, but their advantages diminished when the genotype by environment component was included in the model. The highest improvement in prediction accuracy, that is, 35% was obtained for flour protein content with the multi-trait MLP model. This study showed the potential of using multi-trait–based GS models to enhance prediction accuracy by using information from previously phenotyped traits. It would assist in speeding up the breeding cycle time in a cost-friendly manner.
Gut Microbiota Composition Is Related to AD Pathology
Authors: Verhaar Barbara J. H. , Hendriksen Heleen M. A. , de Leeuw Francisca A. , Doorduijn Astrid S. , van Leeuwenstijn Mardou , Teunissen Charlotte E. , Barkhof Frederik , Scheltens Philip , Kraaij Robert , van Duijn Cornelia M. , Nieuwdorp Max , Muller Majon , van der Flier Wiesje M. 
Published: January 2022

IntroductionSeveral studies have reported alterations in gut microbiota composition of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients. However, the observed differences are not consistent across studies. We aimed to investigate associations between gut microbiota composition and AD biomarkers using machine learning models in patients with AD dementia, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and subjective cognitive decline (SCD).Materials and MethodsWe included 170 patients from the Amsterdam Dementia Cohort, comprising 33 with AD dementia (66 ± 8 years, 46%F, mini-mental state examination (MMSE) 21[19-24]), 21 with MCI (64 ± 8 years, 43%F, MMSE 27[25-29]) and 116 with SCD (62 ± 8 years, 44%F, MMSE 29[28-30]). Fecal samples were collected and gut microbiome composition was determined using 16S rRNA sequencing. Biomarkers of AD included cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid-beta 1-42 (amyloid) and phosphorylated tau (p-tau), and MRI visual scores (medial temporal atrophy, global cortical atrophy, white matter hyperintensities). Associations between gut microbiota composition and dichotomized AD biomarkers were assessed with machine learning classification models. The two models with the highest area under the curve (AUC) were selected for logistic regression, to assess associations between the 20 best predicting microbes and the outcome measures from these machine learning models while adjusting for age, sex, BMI, diabetes, medication use, and MMSE.ResultsThe machine learning prediction for amyloid and p-tau from microbiota composition performed best with AUCs of 0.64 and 0.63. Highest ranked microbes included several short chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing species. Higher abundance of [Clostridium] leptum and lower abundance of [Eubacterium] ventriosum group spp., Lachnospiraceae spp., Marvinbryantia spp., Monoglobus spp., [Ruminococcus] torques group spp., Roseburia hominis, and Christensenellaceae R-7 spp., was associated with higher odds of amyloid positivity. We found associations between lower abundance of Lachnospiraceae spp., Lachnoclostridium spp., Roseburia hominis and Bilophila wadsworthia and higher odds of positive p-tau status.ConclusionsGut microbiota composition was associated with amyloid and p-tau status. We extend on recent studies that observed associations between SCFA levels and AD CSF biomarkers by showing that lower abundances of SCFA-producing microbes were associated with higher odds of positive amyloid and p-tau status.
Healthcare Workers in South Korea Maintain a SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Response Six Months After Receiving a Second Dose of the BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine
Authors: Choi Jae Hong , Kim Young Ree , Heo Sang Taek , Oh Hyunjoo , Kim Misun , Lee Hyang Ran , Yoo Jeong Rae 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundEffective vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are available worldwide; however, the longevity of vaccine effectiveness is not known.ObjectiveWe performed a prospective observational study to assess the antibody response of healthcare workers against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) after BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccination.MethodsSARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody (nAb) and spike (S) protein-IgG (S-IgG) antibody titers were examined in participants who received two doses of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in a single center between March 1, 2021, and October 11, 2021. Antibody levels were analyzed at four times: before vaccination (visit 1), 4 weeks after the first vaccination (visit 2), 3 months after the second vaccination (visit 3), and 6 months after the second vaccination (visit 4).ResultsA total of 249 healthcare workers at Jeju National University Hospital were enrolled in this study, and 982 blood samples were analyzed. The mean age was 38.1 ± 9.5 years, and 145 (58.2%) participants were females. Positive nAbs (inhibition rates ≥ 20%) were measured in 166/249 (66.7%) subjects at visit 2, 237/243 (97.5%) subjects at visit 3, and 150/237 (63.3%) subjects at visit 4. A S-IgG (≥50 AU/mL) positivity was detected in 246/249 (98.8%) subjects at visit 1, and all participants had positive S-IgG antibody levels at visits 3 and 4 after being fully vaccinated. Further analysis of S-IgG levels revealed a median quantitative antibody level of 1275.1 AU/mL (interquartile range [IQR] 755.5–2119.0) at visit 2, 2765.9 AU/mL (IQR 1809.8–4138.4) at visit 3, and 970.1 AU/mL (IQR 606.0–1495.9) at visit 4. Patient characteristics, such as age, body mass index, and comorbidity, had no relationship with nAb or S-IgG levels at any of the visits. Considering the change in antibody levels over time, both nAb and S-IgG levels at visit 4 decreased compared with the corresponding levels at visit 3. No evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection was found among any of the participants throughout the study.ConclusionsThe BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine was effective in protecting healthcare personnel working in COVID-19-related departments. While the level of S-IgG antibodies was maintained for 6 months after the second vaccination, nAb levels waned over this 6-month period, indicating the need for a booster vaccination in some healthcare workers 6 months after full vaccination. Herein, we suggest that further studies are needed to evaluate the need for an interval of booster vaccination after full vaccination.
The Spectrum of Inborn Errors of Immunity in the United Arab Emirates: 5 Year Experience in a Tertiary Center
Authors: Shendi Hiba Mohammed , Al Kuwaiti Amna Ali , Al Dhaheri Ahmed Darwaish , Al-Hammadi Suleiman 
Published: January 2022

PurposeInborn Errors of Immunity (IEI) are heterogeneous disorders of immunity with variable clinical presentation and outcome. This is the first comprehensive report from the United Arab Emirates aiming to describe the demographics, clinical characteristics, categories, treatment modalities and outcome of patients with IEI.MethodsThis retrospective study was conducted on patients who attended Tawam Hospital between 2016-2020.ResultsWe identified 162 patients with IEI, of whom 152 were children. The age of onset of symptoms ranged between birth to 38 years. About two-thirds of patients were Emirati nationals, 64.2% had consanguineous parents and 38.3% of cases were familial. Patients were classified as; immunodeficiencies affecting cellular and humoral immunity (20.4%), combined immunodeficiencies with associated or syndromic features (38.3%), predominantly antibody deficiencies (16%), immune dysregulation (4.3%), congenital defects of phagocytes number or function (8.6%), defects in intrinsic and innate immunity (1.9%) autoinflammatory disorders (1.9%), complement deficiency (6.2%), bone marrow failure (1.9%) and phenocopies of inborn errors of immunity (0.6%). Genetic testing was performed in 85.2% of patients with a diagnostic yield of 92.7%. Complications included bronchiectasis, neoplasia, and vaccine-related infections. Immunoglobulin therapy and antimicrobial prophylaxis were both used in (51.9%) of patients while (20.4%) underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The overall mortality rate was 10.5%.ConclusionThis report highlights the burden of IEI in the UAE. Ongoing education of physicians, establishment of a national registry and considering changes to early BCG vaccination are measures recommended to improve outcomes.
Development and Application of RAA Nucleic Acid Test Strip Assay and Double RAA Gel Electrophoresis Detection Methods for ASFV and CSFV
Authors: Wu Keke , Zhang Yuanyuan , Zeng Sen , Liu Xiaodi , Li Yuwan , Li Xiaowen , Chen Wenxian , Li Zhaoyao , Qin Yuwei , Chen Jinding , Fan Shuangqi 
Published: January 2022

African swine fever (ASF) is an acute, severe and hemorrhagic infectious disease caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV) infecting domestic pigs and wild boars. Since the outbreak of the disease in China in 2018, it has brought a great impact on China’s pig industry. Classical swine fever (CSF) is an acute contact infectious disease of pigs caused by classical swine fever virus (CSFV) infection. Clinically, acute CSF usually shows persistent high fever, anorexia, extensive congestion and bleeding of the skin and mucosa, which are similar to ASF. It is of great significance to prevent, control and accurately detect ASF and CSF in pig farms. In this study, Recombinase aided amplification (RAA) technology combined with a nucleic acid test strip (RAA-strip) was established for simple and specific detection of ASFV/CSFV. The sensitivity and preliminary clinical application results showed that the RAA test strip established in this study could detect recombinant plasmids containing ASFV/CSFV gene fragments as low as 103 copies/µL. The minimum detection limits of virus DNA/cDNA were 10 and 12 pg respectively, and there was no cross-reaction with other porcine viruses. The specificity of the method was good. We used 37–42 clinical samples to evaluate the performance of our established method, and the positive concordance rates with conventional PCR were 94.1 and 57.1%, respectively. In addition, ASFV and CSFV double RAA agarose gel electrophoresis detection methods were established. The results showed that the method had good specificity. The detection limit of this method is 106 copies for ASFV p72 gene recombinant plasmid and 105 copies for CSFV NS5B Gene recombinant plasmid. The use of this method for clinical material detection was consistent with the PCR method. In summary, the developed method of RAA-strip assay for ASFV and CSFV realized the visual detection of pathogens, and the developed method of dual RAA agarose gel electrophoresis assay for ASFV and CSFV realized the simultaneous detection of two pathogens in one reaction, with good specificity, high sensitivity and rapid reaction rate, which was expected to be clinically feasible for the differential diagnosis of ASF and CSF provided technical support.
Women's Health in Multiple Sclerosis: A Scoping Review
Authors: Ross Lindsay , Ng Huah Shin , O'Mahony Julia , Amato Maria Pia , Cohen Jeffrey A. , Harnegie Mary Pat , Hellwig Kerstin , Tintore Mar , Vukusic Sandra , Marrie Ruth Ann 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundWomen with multiple sclerosis (MS) may face challenges related to managing reproduction, pregnancy, and menopause while simultaneously managing their disease. The purpose of this scoping review was to map the literature broadly related to topics relevant to women's health in MS to inform the clinical and research communities about the existing types and sources of evidence and knowledge gaps. Apart from coverage of topics within the field of women's health, we were interested in potential gaps related to geographic and racial and ethnic diversity. We also aimed to understand the degree of inclusion of women with progressive MS in this research.MethodsWe searched the EMBASE and Ovid Medline databases from 1980 until November 23, 2020. We included case-control and cohort studies, clinical trials and case series published in any language, conducted in women with MS, clinically isolated syndrome, or radiologically isolated syndrome, that addressed women's health. Two reviewers independently screened abstracts and full-text reports for study inclusion, and completed data extraction.ResultsOf 112,106 citations screened, 1,041 underwent full-text review and 353 met the inclusion criteria. The number of studies regarding women's health has increased exponentially over time. Almost half of the studies were conducted (at least in part) in Europe, while 21.7% were conducted in North America; only one study was conducted in Africa. Most studies did not report the race or ethnicity of their participants (n = 308, 87.2%). Among the 353 studies, 509 topics were reported as some studies addressed more than one topic. Over one-third of these focused on pregnancy (n = 201, 37.2%), followed by fetal/neonatal outcomes (14.4%) and sexual dysfunction (10%). Among the 201 studies that focused on pregnancy, only 51 (25.4%) included participants with progressive MS.ConclusionsThis review identifies important knowledge gaps related to women's health in MS and particularly the need for future studies to include participants with a broader range of races and ethnicities, with progressive MS, and living in Asia-Pacific and African regions.