bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probiotic and functional properties potential of lactic acid bacteria isolated from Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in Ivory Coast
Authors: COULIBALY Wahauwouele Hermann , Kouadio N’goran Richard , Camara Fatoumata , Diguta Camelia , Matei Florentina 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The need for functional food development led to the screening of different natural sources to find new solutions. In this respect, the probiotic potential of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from the gut of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) of Ivory Coast were tested, with the aim to be used for the fish farming feed. The selection tests focused on antibacterial activity, antibiotic susceptibility, biofilm forming ability, hemolytic activity, tolerance to bile salts, tolerance to pepsin and acid pH, hydrophobicity, antioxidant activity and behaviour under freeze-drying conditions. LAB were identified by PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) amplification followed by sequencing. A total of 154 LAB was isolated, 12 isolates were selected as potential probiotics. Molecular identification of these isolates selected belonged to Pediococcus acidilactici, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Lactobacillus plantarum species with a predominance of Pediococcus acidilactici specie. Co-culture such as probiotic LAB will be part of fish feeding, to will provide healthier and enriched food for the human consumption.
Structure of homodimeric RC with cytochromes c bound from Acidobacteria
Authors: Dong Shishang , Huang Guoqiang , Wang Changhui , Wang Jiajia , Sui Sen-Fang , Qin Xiaochun 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Photosynthesis converts light energy to chemical energy vital to life on earth. The light energy is harvested by antenna pigments and transferred to reaction centers (RCs) to drive electron transfer (ET) reactions. All typical RC structures have been determined except RC from Acidobacteria. Here we present the RC structures from a microaerophilic Chloracidobacterium thermophilum (CabRC) at resolutions of 2.22 Å -2.61 Å by cryo-electron microscopy. The structure revealed binding of two different cytochromes, the inverted binding of acceptor protein between homodimeric RC from anoxygenic photosynthesis and heteromeric RC from oxygenic photosynthesis, an ET chain of heme-(Zn-bacteriochlorophyll a)-(chlorophyll a)-F4S4, and a hybrid antenna containing both bacteriochlorophylls a and chlorophylls a, and has the largest number of subunits among homodimeric type I RCs. Our results provide a solid structural basis for understanding the excitation energy and electron transfer within CabRC and offer evolutionary insights into the origin and adaptation of photosynthetic RCs.
Geospatial distribution of immunoglobulin M (IgM) in healthy Chinese adults based on classification regression tree (CART): a cross-section study
Authors: pang xinrui , Ge Miao , wang Congxia , he jinwei 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
With a dramatic increase in confirmed cases of novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19), COVID-19 has become a major public health event affecting the world. Ig M antibody test can be used to supplement nucleic acid testing. We use classification regression tree (CART) modeling to explore the distribution characteristics of geographical factors that may affect the spatial divergence of immunoglobulin M (IgM) reference values in China. IgM values of 9281 healthy adults from 128 cities in China were collected together with 24 topographic, climatic and soil variables. GeoDetector and correlation analysis were used to measure the relationship between geographical environmental factors and IgM values. Nine significant factors were extracted and subjected to classification regression tree (CART).The predicted values were tested for normality, with the disjunctive Kriging interpolation method used for geographical distribution. The results show that geographical spatial distribution according to overall lower from north to south. Understanding the impact of geographical factors on IgM level in healthy Chinese people can Study of antibody detection in COVID-19 with clinical application
Association between the patterns of large-vessel lesions and treatment outcomes in patients with large-vessel giant cell arteritis
Authors: Sugihara Takahiko , Uchida Haruhito A. , Yoshifuji Hajime , Maejima Yasuhiro , Naniwa Taio , Katsumata Yasuhiro , Okazaki Takahiro , Ishizaki Jun , Murakawa Yohko , Ogawa Noriyoshi , Dobashi Hiroaki , Horita Tetsuya , Tanaka Yoshiya , Furuta Shunsuke , Takeuchi Tsutomu , Komagata Yoshinori , Nakaoka Yoshikazu , Harigai Masayoshi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objective: We aimed to identify associations between patterns of large-vessel lesions of large-vessel giant cell arteritis (LV-GCA) and treatment outcomes.Methods: We extracted data on 68 newly-diagnosed patients with LV-GCA from a retrospective, multi-centric, nationwide registry of GCA patients treated with glucocorticoids between 2007 and 2014. Patients with or without aortic lesions were identified based on findings from contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or positron emission tomography (PET)-CT. Patients without aortic lesions were subdivided into LV-GCA with or without subclavian lesions. Primary outcome evaluation was failure to achieve clinical remission by week 24 and/or relapse within 104 weeks. Results: Aortic lesions were detected in 49 (72.1%) of the 68 patients with LV-GCA (defined as group 2). Patients without aortic lesions were classified as having LV-GCA with subclavian lesions (group 1, n=9) or LV-GCA without subclavian lesions (group 3, n=10). The mean age and proportion of patients with cranial lesions and polymyalgia rheumatica in LV-GCA with aortic lesions (group 2) was lower than in the other two groups, but these differences were not statistically significant. In group 2, 36 of the 49 patients had lesions in both the aorta and aortic branches. Stenosis of aortic branches at baseline was more frequently observed in group 1 (55.6%) than groups 2 and 3 (18.4% and 30.0%, respectively). Atypical lesions in group 3 included pulmonary, hepatic or mesenteric lesions. Mean time to achievement of low-dose GC treatment was not statistically significant among 3 groups. Methotrexate was administered at baseline to 0 %, 24.5%, and 20% in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. None of these patients received biologic agents. The cumulative rate of poor treatment outcomes over two years was 11.1%, 55.3%, and 88.0% in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively (by Kaplan-Meier analysis). The mean time to poor outcome was significantly different between the groups. Conclusions: The patterns of large-vessel lesions were associated with the poor treatment outcomes and appear to be a pertinent factor for determining treatment strategies for LV-GCA.
Prophyromonas gingivalis promoted the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma by activating the neutrophil chemotaxis in the tumor microenvironment
Authors: Guo Zhi-chen , Jing Si-li , Jumatai Sakendeke , Gong Zhong-cheng 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
We aimed to determine the significance of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) in promoting tumour progression in the tumour microenvironment (TME) of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).
Methods
The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) was used to screen out the differentially expressed genes from the two datasets of GEO138206 and GSE87539. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence analysis of samples, cell biological behaviour experiments, and tumour-bearing animal experiments were used to verify the results in vivo and in vitro. The mechanism was revealed at the molecular level, and rescue experiments were carried out by using inhibitors and lentiviruses.
Results
CXCL2 was selected by bioinformatics analysis and was found to be related to a poor prognosis in OSCC patients. Samples with P. gingivalis infection in the TME of OSCC had the strongest cell invasion and proliferation and the largest tumour volume in tumour-bearing animal experiments and exhibited JAK1/STAT3 signalling pathway activation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The expression of P. gingivalis, CXCL2 and TANs were independent risk factors for poor prognosis in OSCC patients. A CXCL2/CXCR2 signalling axis inhibitor significantly decreased the migration, invasion and proliferation ability of cells and the tumour volume in mice. When lentivirus was used to block the CXCL2/CXCR2 signalling axis, the activity of the JAK1/STAT3 signalling pathway was decreased, and the phenotype of EMT was reversed.
Conclusion
P. gingivalis promotes OSCC progression by recruiting TANs via activation of the CXCL2/CXCR2 axis in the TME of OSCC.
Comparative Assessment of Blood Mercury in American Alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) from Coastal North Carolina and Florida
Authors: Belcher Scott M. , Guillette Matthew P. , Robb Frank , Rock Kylie D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is a widespread and potential harmful persistent contaminate of aquatic ecosystems. Except for the northern most populations of American alligators (Alligator Mississippiensis) found in North Carolina, the potential adverse health impacts of Hg on ecosystems and humans consuming alligator meat has been studied for over three decades. Now that alligators are being recreationally hunted and consumed across their range, it is especially important to monitor toxic contaminant levels to best understand possible adverse impacts of exposures on alligator populations and human health. In this study we evaluated blood Hg levels in American alligators from an urbanized site in Wilmington, NC, a nearby site at Lake Waccamaw, NC, and a site on the St Johns River in Florida. Median blood total Hg concentrations were particularly high at Lake Waccamaw (526 ng/g, range 152–946 ng/g), resulting in median muscle concentrations (0.48 ppm, range 0.13–0.88 ppm) above the US EPA/FDA fish consumption advisory level of 0.3 ppm. Median concentrations at the Wilmington site (69 ng/g, range 22–336 ng/g) were low, and Hg concentrations from the St Johns River site (143 ng/g, range 54–244 ng/g) were comparable to those reported in previous studies. Analysis of relationships between total Hg concentrations and a panel of blood chemistry biomarkers found only modest concentration dependent impact on biomarkers of renal function. The results of this study reveal that local environmental factors greatly impact Hg bioaccumulation in alligators, findings that reaffirm that local contaminant biomonitoring in alligator populations will be critical for affective management and determination of guidelines for safe consumption of harvested alligators.
Possible association of early - onset chondrodermatitis nodularis and risk of mortality. Results of a pilot retrospective case-control single-hospital study in Asturias, Northen Spain.
Authors: Vázquez-López Franciso , Gómez-Vila Borja , Castro Celia Gómez , Cadarso-Suárez Carmén , Díaz-Louzao Carla , Galache Cristina 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The long-term prognosis of patients with chondrodermatitis nodularis (CN) has never been investigated. We developed the empirical hypothesis that the survival of these patients could present differences with controls, based in our own previous experience. Our objective is to assess for the first time whether survival in CN patients and matched controls is similar. We investigated the number of natural deaths and survival in patients with histopathologically diagnosed early-onset (EO) (< 61 years at diagnosis) and late onset (LO) CN lesions (= > 61 years at diagnosis); and in matched age, gender and year of diagnosis controls in a Hospital in Asturias, North Spain (years 2000-2017). We have found a small, non-significant excess of mortality in the total CN sample (p= 0.14), but this excess was significant in patients with an early-onset (EO) (< 61 years at diagnosis) of CN lesions in: a) univariate analysis: OR = 6.3; IC: 1.1-44.4; p=0.02; b) Kaplan- Meier survival curve (log-rank test, p=0.02; c) and Cox proportional hazard model (HR for mortality, 5.93; p=0.03; CI: 1.20-29.41). In this pilot, empirical hypothesis - driven, matched, single-centre, case-control study, patients with EO CN lesions (before the age of 61 years) had a decreased survival respect to matched controls. The potential importance for patients of these results outweighs limitations (retrospective and single Hospital design; small number of events); and gives support for construction of multicentric investigations.
A method for determining the animals of origin in crude drugs using MinION, a compact next-generation sequencer
Authors: Nakanishi Hiroaki , Takada Aya , Yoneyama Katsumi , Hara Masaaki , Sakai Kentaro , Saito Kazuyuki 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We evaluated whether MinION, an inexpensive, portable sequencer, can be applied for identifying the animals of origin in crude drugs. Standard and nonstandard crude drugs with different species of origin were examined. In addition, the standards mixed with nonstandard samples were used. As a target gene, cytochrome c oxidase I was amplified and sequenced. The Fast mode results had a slightly lower match ratio than High-accuracy mode, but the animals of origin were correctly determined by BLAST for all samples. For antler velvet derived from Rangifer tarandus, even the sequences were aligned based on Cervus elaphus, the animal of origin was determined correctly. Minor contents could be detected from mixtures of two animals, if the mixtures contained at least 19:1 mtDNA when the coverage allele-fraction threshold was 0.05. By contrast, in Fast mode, two sequences could not be separated due to the low accuracy of the base-calling in each read. For field work, the species of origin of crude drugs could be identified, by only simple DNA extraction and library preparation. Therefore, MinION appears to be convenient tool for identifying the animal of origin in crude drugs.
SARS CoV-2 mRNA vaccination exposes latent HIV to Nef-specific CD8+ T-cells
Authors: Jones R. Brad , Stevenson Eva , Terry Sandra , Copertino Dennis , Leyre Louise , Ward Adam , Khadka Pragya , Ellsworth Grant , Johnston Carrie , Papa Michelle Premazzi , Nicholes Samuel , Caskey Marina , Gaebler Christian , Wilkin Timothy , Lynch Rebecca , Lee Guinevere , Weiler Jared , Zumbo Paul , Betel Doron , Dündar Friederike , Duncan Maggie , Lapointe Hope , Speckmaier Sarah , Moran-Garcia Nadia , Chun Tae-Wook , Brumme Zabrina , Danesh Ali , Bernard Kevin , Stover Carissa , McNeil Evan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Efforts to cure HIV have focused on reactivating latent proviruses to enable elimination by CD8+ cytotoxic T-cells. Clinical studies of latency reversing agents (LRA) in individuals treated with antiretroviral therapy (ART) have shown increases in HIV transcription, but without reductions in virologic measures, or evidence that HIV-specific CD8+ T-cells were productively engaged. Here, we show that the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine BNT162b2 activates the RIG-I/TLR – TNF – NFκb axis, resulting in transcription of HIV proviruses with minimal perturbations of T-cell activation and host transcription. T-cells specific for the early gene-product HIV-Nef uniquely increased in frequency and acquired effector functon(granzyme-B) in ART-treated individuals following SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination. These parameters of CD8+ T-cell induction correlated strongly with significant decreases in cell-associated HIV mRNA, suggesting killing or suppression of cells transcribing HIV. These results are, to our knowledge, the first observation of an intervention-induced reduction in a measure of HIV persistence, accompanied by precise immune correlates, in ART-suppressed individuals. However, we did not observe significant depletions of intact proviruses, underscoring challenges to achieving (or measuring) HIV reservoir reductions. Overall, our results support prioritizing the measurement of granzyme-B-producing Nef-specific responses in latency reversal studies and add impetus to developing HIV-targeted mRNA therapeutic vaccines that leverage built-in LRA activity.
Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis of Gene Expression Profiles for Potential Biomarker Identification Towards Early Therapeutic Intervention in Pancreatitis and Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Wagle Manoj M , Kedige Ananya Rao , Kabekkodu Shama P , Mallya Sandeep 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive malignancy associated with rapid progression and an abysmal prognosis. It is reported that chronic pancreatitis can increase the risk of developing PDAC by 16-fold. The overarching hypothesis is that some of the biological processes disrupted during the inflammatory stage show significant dysregulation, even in cancer. This might explain why chronic inflammation increases the risk of carcinogenesis and uncontrolled proliferation. Here, we try to pinpoint such processes by comparing the expression profiles of pancreatitis and PDAC tissues. The gene expression datasets were retrieved from the EMBL-EBI ArrayExpress and NCBI GEO database. A total of 172 samples of normal pancreatic tissue, 68 samples of pancreatitis, and 306 samples of PDAC were used in this study. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified were used to perform downstream analysis for ontology, interaction, and associated pathways. Further, we validated hub gene expression, potential druggability, and the associated prognostic value. We also checked for promoter methylation and performed expression analysis based on different factors (such as gender, patient’s drinking habit, race, and pancreatitis status). Our study identified a total of 45 genes found to have altered expression levels in both PDAC and pancreatitis. Over-representation analysis revealed that protein digestion and absorption, ECM-receptor interaction, PI3k-Akt signaling, and proteoglycans in cancer pathways as significantly enriched. Module analysis revealed 15 hub genes, of which 14 were found to be in the druggable genome category. Through bioinformatics analysis, we have identified crucial genes and biochemical processes disrupted at a molecular level. These results can provide valuable insights into PDAC treatment, and intervening therapeutically at an earlier stage by targeting these specific processes can be an effective strategy to decrease the incidence and severity of PDAC.
A 5 Year Analysis of Different Types of Urothelial Malignancies with Special Reference to The Expression Of EGFR in These Tumours
Authors: Narayanan Shilpa K , I Praseeda , Vasudevan S 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Urothelial neoplasms are a heterogenous group of neoplasms with high propensity for recurrence. EGFR is a novel and potential biological marker for predicting the prognosis of urothelial malignancies. This study highlights the diagnostic and prognostic usefulness of EGFR as a phenotypic marker in urothelial malignancies. Thus, it warrants for anti-tumour therapy and prevention of recurrence of urothelial cancers by anti-EGFR therapy.
Methods:
Current study includes 500 cases of urothelial tumours received in a major tertiary center in South Kerala. Based on the histopathological features these tumours were classified according to the WHO-2016 criteria. Proportion in each class of urothelial tumours during the study period was calculated. In addition to that, we also studied relation between EGFR expression and tumour grade and recurrence. Inclusion criteria: All consecutive cystoscopy biopsies, transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT) and radical cystectomy specimens histologically diagnosed as urothelial malignancies of bladder. Exclusion criteria: All benign urothelial cases.
Result:
Out of the 500 cases of urothelial malignancies included in the study, the non-invasive papillary urothelial carcinoma, low grade constituted the major part, the second being invasive urothelial carcinoma, high grade, followed by noninvasive urothelial carcinoma, high grade. A strong expression of EGFR was found to be significantly associated with higher tumour grade (P = 0.001) and recurrence (P = 0.010).
Conclusion:
Histopathology supported by immunohistochemistry is a helpful tool in subtyping the various urothelial malignancies. EGFR can be considered as an adverse prognostic factor, the expression of which increases with tumour grade and stage. EGFR positivity may favor the use of targeted therapy in urothelial malignancies.
Turismo e Religiosidade:
Authors: Augusta Freitas Costa Canal Maria , Santos de Castro Milene de Cássia , Da Silva Palheta Hygo 
Published: March 2022

A festa enquanto objeto de análise do turismo apresenta-se como evento compreendido como vetor multiplicador de negócios, capaz de atrair fluxo de turistas e impactar a dinâmica social. Numa dimensão mais abrangente, a festa permite evidenciar elementos vivenciados no fazer festivo que revelam dimensões das relações de territorialidades humanas, aspectos vinculantes da viagem turística como processo de descoberta e do encontro com o outro. Na Amazônia a festa aparece como expressão da religiosidade de suas territorialidades, oportunizando aos turistas e visitantes a possibilidade de realização de turismo religioso por meio da vivência da experiência turística através do fazer festivo. Objetivamos discutir a religiosidade devota do fazer festivo na Amazônia em espaços de turismo cultural religioso, refletindo sobre as modificações e adaptações desse fazer devido à pandemia de COVID-19. Assim, o recorte da pesquisa se dimensiona pelas festas paraenses: do Sairé e da Marujada, tendo por base a metodologia qualitativa com: levantamento bibliográfico e documental, trabalhos de campo com observação dirigida e entrevistas semiestruturadas.
Palavras-chave: Festa. Religiosidade. Turismo Religioso. Covid-19. Pará.
Flavonoids: The Innocuous Agents Offering Protection against Alzheimer’s Disease Through Modulation of Proinflammatory and Apoptotic Pathways
Authors: Biswas Moumita , Das Aritrajoy , Basu Soumalee 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Beginning from mild cognitive impairment in patients suffering from Alz-heimer’s disease (AD), dementia sets in with the progress of the disease. The pathological changes in the brain begin fifteen to twenty years before AD related dementia develops. Presence of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles are considered the hallmarks of AD brain. Chronic inflammation resulting from the disruption of the equilibrium between anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory signalling emerges as another important feature of AD and also other neurodegenerative diseases. Substantial studies demonstrate that this sustained immune response in the brain is associated with neuronal loss, along with facilitation and aggravation of Aβ and NFT pathologies. Although it is well accepted that neuroinflammation and oxidative stress have both detrimental and beneficial in-fluences on the brain tissues, the involvement of microglia and astrocytes in the onset and progress of the neurodegenerative process in AD is becoming increasingly recognized. Although the cause of neuronal loss is known to be apoptosis, the mechanism of promotion of neuronal death remains un-disclosed.

Objective:
Controlling the activation of the resident immune cells and/or the excessive production of pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidant factors could be effective as therapeutics. Among the phytonu-trients, the neuroprotective role of flavonoids is beyond doubt. This review is an exploration of the literature on the role of flavonoids in these aspects.

Conclusion:
Flavonoids are not only effective in ameliorating the adverse consequences of oxida-tive stress but also impede the development of late onset Alzheimer’s disease by modulating affect-ed signalling pathways and boosting signalling crosstalk.