bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Skin Manifestations of COVID-19 Infection in the Practice of Dermatologist
Authors: Senchukova S. R. , Krinitsyna Yu. M. , Mikhailova D. A. 
Published: February 2022

In early 2020, the World Health Organization announced the emergence of the disease-a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19). High contagiousness and asymptomatic transmission of the virus led to a rapid spread of infection and reached the scale of a pandemic. It was found that the SARSCoV-2 virus is pathogenic to the lower respiratory tract. At the same time, there are extrapulmonary manifestations, including skin rashes, which are characterized by an extreme variety. Some authors describe skin lesions as the first, and sometimes the only, symptom of a new coronavirus infection. Thus, skin manifestations should be carefully evaluated by dermatologists during the examination, especially during the ongoing pandemic.This article presents 6 clinical cases with various skin manifestations in the acute period of COVID-19 infection. The first patients to complain were dermatologists. Rashes on the skin are characterized by a variety and prevalence: polymorphic vasculitis, livedo-angiitis, urticary, spot-papular, papu lo-vesicular, papulo-squamous elements. All cases are united by the presence of the main symptoms of coronavirus infection characteristic of the acute period — hyperthermia, headache, fatigue, myalgia, partial or complete anosmia, ageusia.Thus, the exchange of clinical experience of skin manifestations in COVID-19 infection is extremely relevant during the ongoing pandemic. The analysis of the accumulated data will provide an understanding of the diagnostic significance and the ability to assess the prognosis when observing such patients.
Arthroscopic Repair of a Coronoid Process Fracture
Authors: Noorzad Ali S. , Jelani Zohal , Rinaldi Joseph , Abdie Rachab , Zikria Bashir A. 
Published: February 2022

Case:
A 68-year-old woman sustained an isolated type III left coronoid fracture after mechanical ground-level fall. The patient underwent left elbow arthroscopy with minimally invasive arthroscopic reduction and internal fixation of the coronoid fracture using Arthrex Mini TightRope. The patient achieved successful elbow stabilization with a postoperative Mayo Elbow Score of 100.

Conclusion:
We present a case report of a novel technique in coronoid fracture management with stable fixation, minimal soft-tissue violation, and restoration of highly functional elbow range of motion. Minimal soft-tissue violation with use of arthroscopy and suture button was the key element in successful surgical treatment and outcome.
Ipsilateral Displaced Physeal Fractures of the Proximal and Distal Humerus with Subperiosteal Extrusion in a 6-Year-Old Child
Authors: Kaushal Aditya , Vermani Sanya , Kaushal Jessica , Kaushal Lalit 
Published: February 2022

Case:
We present a case of a 6-year-old male child with ipsilateral proximal and distal physeal separation of humerus with subperiosteal extrusion after manipulation by a bonesetter. Treatment included open reduction and internal fixation with Kirschner wire proximally and distally. At 1.5-year follow-up, the child had a shortening of 0.5 cm, no pain, and/or no instability.

Conclusion:
Manipulation by bonesetters, a commonplace in developing countries, can produce unpredictable complications and compromise outcomes. Although accepted in certain settings, the regional orthopaedic surgeons should be mindful of the unique clinical challenges imposed by such a practice.
Three-Year Outcomes After MACI for Glenoid Cartilage Loss in an Adolescent Athlete
Authors: Shelton Trevor J. , Vasquez Brian J. , Workman William , Haus Brian M. 
Published: February 2022

Case:
We report the 3-year outcomes of a 14-year-old boy who anteriorly dislocated his shoulder playing football and suffered a 9-cm2 chondral defect of the anterior glenoid and subsequently treated with matrix-applied characterized autologous chondrocytes (MACI) of the defect with open labral repair.

Conclusion:
The management of glenohumeral chondral lesions in adolescent patients remains a challenge. Our case of the successful treatment of a glenoid chondral defect with MACI offers hope as a potential treatment option for adolescent patients with this challenging problem.
Erosion of Common Femoral Artery 3 Years After Total Hip Arthroplasty in a Patient with Marfan Syndrome
Authors: Kammien Alexander , Radford Zachary , Aboian Edouard , Kostiuk Valentyna , Gibson David 
Published: February 2022

Case:
A patient with congenital hip dysplasia and Marfan syndrome presented 3 years after total hip arthroplasty (THA) with acute ischemia of the left lower extremity secondary to popliteal artery embolism. Intravenous ultrasound revealed common femoral artery (CFA) dilation with an intraluminal thrombus. Open repair showed prosthetic erosion through the CFA despite proper implant positioning and lack of hardware failure.

Conclusion:
This is a rare complication of THA in a patient with impaired vascular integrity secondary to a connective tissue disorder. Similar patients may be at a higher risk for unusual vascular complications, and diagnosis may require atypical imaging modalities.
Staged Percutaneous Treatment of a Complete Lisfranc Dislocation Secondary to Charcot Arthropathy
Authors: Klag Elizabeth A. , Fisk Felicity E. , Maier Lindsay M. , Zeni Ferras 
Published: February 2022

Case:
A 36-year-old woman with diabetic neuropathy presented with complete dorsal dislocation of the midfoot secondary to Charcot arthropathy. She was treated in a staged fashion with a Taylor spatial butt frame to distract and reduce the midfoot followed by percutaneous preparation of the tarsometatarsal (TMT) joints and fixator-assisted fusion. The arthrodesis healed successfully with maintenance of function at the 30-month follow-up.

Conclusion:
Staged treatment with a Taylor spatial frame can be used successfully to treat complete TMT dislocations in the setting of Charcot arthropathy. Complications are not uncommon and must be addressed appropriately.
Mental Health and Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Connell Silvia G. 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) tend to do very well; however, there is still a percentage of the population who will remain dissatisfied despite a successful surgery. Orthopaedic surgeons do not currently recommend mental health evaluations or support as standard of care when discussing TKA. The objective was to determine the role of orthopaedic surgeons and mental health referrals or recommendations.

Methods:
A quantitative retrospective study was performed on TKA patients in 2019 by 2 high-volume joint surgeons. A survey was sent through e-mail asking demographic questions and questions specific to coping skills and feelings of pain, fear, anger, or anxiety, which is referred to as mental health in this study. The response rate was 41% with n = 110 participants. Descriptive statistics was used to show the data trends.

Results:
Most of the people reported that seeing a counselor or therapist would not have been helpful with TKA recovery, with many feeling that they did not need support in this area. Women reported more difficulty with coping skills and were more responsive to seeing a counselor or therapist if recommended by their surgeon. Eighty-three percent of the 60- to 79-year-olds felt that orthopaedic surgeons should make referrals or provide resources for mental health support.

Conclusion:
The results show that more evidence is needed to determine the role of which orthopaedic surgeons play when it comes to mental health recommendations and referrals.
Orthopaedic Specialty Hospitals Compared with General Hospitals
Authors: Leider Morgan , Campbell Richard , Boyce Jonathan , Tjoumakaris Fotios 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Theoretically, orthopaedic specialty hospitals (OSHs) offer multiple advantages compared with general hospitals; however, their overall benefit is debated. This review aims to compare patient characteristics and outcomes between OSHs and general hospitals in the United States.

Methods:
A systematic review was performed by querying PubMed and Embase from inception to April 2020 for articles comparing patient characteristics and clinical and economic outcomes between OSHs and general hospitals. Two researchers reviewed the articles according to prespecified criteria.

Results:
The literature review yielded 3,715 articles, of which 19 were included. All articles were retrospective in nature. There were conflicting results with regard to preferential patient selection and profitability. OSHs generate a greater surgical volume, while decreasing operative time and length of stay, compared with general hospitals. Adverse outcomes have been reported to be less common at OSHs; however, this benefit is not supported by recent matched-cohort studies. Only 1 study evaluated patient satisfaction, and this study demonstrated improved satisfaction with OSHs.

Conclusions:
The literature with regard to OSHs is limited by low-quality studies, often yielding inconsistent results. OSHs appear to offer some benefits; however, it is unclear if improved outcomes are due to better patient care or preferential patient selection.
Operative Versus Nonoperative Treatment Following First-Time Anterior Shoulder Dislocation
Authors: van Spanning Sanne H. , Verweij Lukas P.E. , Priester-Vink Simone , van Deurzen Derek F.P. , van den Bekerom Michel P.J. 
Published: February 2022

Background:
There is an ongoing debate about whether to perform operative or nonoperative treatment following a first-time anterior dislocation or wait for recurrence before operating. The aim of this systematic review is to compare recurrence rates following operative treatment following first-time anterior dislocation (OTFD) with recurrence rates following (1) nonoperative treatment (NTFD) or (2) operative treatment after recurrent anterior dislocation (OTRD).

Methods:
A literature search was conducted by searching PubMed (Legacy), Embase/Ovid, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews/Wiley, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials/Wiley, and Web of Science/Clarivate Analytics from 1990 to April 15, 2020, according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The revised tool to assess risk of bias in randomized trials (RoB 2) developed by Cochrane was used to determine bias in randomized controlled trials, and the methodological index for non-randomized studies (MINORS) was used to determine the methodological quality of non-randomized studies. The certainty of evidence was assessed with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach using GRADEpro software.

Results:
Of the 4,096 studies for which the titles were screened, 9 comparing OTFD and NTFD in a total of 533 patients and 6 comparing OTFD and OTRD in a total of 961 patients were included. There is high-quality evidence that OTFD is associated with a lower rate of recurrence (10%) at >10 years of follow-up compared with NTFD (55%) (p < 0.0001). There is very low-quality evidence that patients receiving OTFD had a lower recurrence rate (11%) compared with those receiving OTRD (17%) (p < 0.0001).

Conclusions:
There is high-quality evidence showing a lower recurrence rate at >10 years following OTFD compared with NTFD (or sham surgery) in young patients. There is evidence that OTFD is more effective than OTRD, but that evidence is of very low quality.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Stable Structures of the 2003 Chuya Earthquake Aftershocks
Authors: Emanov A.F. , Emanov A.A. , Fateev A.V. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract—The 2003 Chuya earthquake aftershocks are studied using the data obtained during experiments with dense networks of stations. Density maps of the foci of more than 50,000 aftershocks are compared with the day surface faults and the block structure and tectonics of the focal area. The large shearing strain caused by the Chuya earthquake is accompanied by a spatially intermittent aftershock structure stretching along it. The density maps of long-lasted aftershocks differ in structure from the maps of seismic activity in the initial aftershock area. The study has revealed a relationship between the block structure of the epicentral area and the structure of the aftershock process. The nodes of the intersection of faults with the aftershock area are characterized by reduced aftershock activity. The aftershock process is only partly confined to the block-separating faults. In many cases, the aftershock process is shifted relative to these faults or wanders from them.
Mathematical Modelling of Multi-Region Spread of Epidemic
Authors: Sahni Dinesh Chandra , Tureci Recep Gokhan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
SAIR model of growth of an epidemic is extended to a system of many interacting regions. Interactions are described by exchange of populations between various regions. Differences caused by the exchange of susceptible population, in addition to infected individuals are noted. It is shown that initial phase of the epidemic is governed by a linear system. Analysis of linear system shows that a fundamental mode gets established that governs the spatial profile of the spread of the disease.
Topological protection of partially coherent light
Authors: Perez-Leija Armando , Tschernig Konrad , Martinez-Niconoff Gabriel , Busch Kurt , Bandres Miguel 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Topological physics exploits concepts from geometry and topology to implement systems capable of guiding waves in an unprecedented fash- ion. These ideas have led to the development of photonic topological insulators, which are optical systems whose eigenspectral topology allows the creation of light states that propagate along the edge of the system without any coupling into the bulk or backscattering even in the presence disorder. Indeed, topological protection is a fully coherent effect, and it is not clear to what extent topological effects endure when the wavefronts become partially coherent. Here, we study the interplay of topological protection and the degree of spatial coherence of classical light propa- gating in disordered photonic topological insulators. Our results reveal the existence of a well-defined spectral window in which partially coher- ent light is topologically protected. This opens up the design space to a wider selection of light sources, possibly yielding smaller, cheaper and more robust devices based on the topological transport of light.
Social Support, Anxiety and Depression in Patients with Prostate Cancer: Complete Mediation of Self-Efficacy
Authors: Wang Lijuan , Luo Jie , Li Yaqin , Zhou Yao , Wang Wei 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Social support and self-efficacy are important factors to improve negative emotions such as depression and anxiety in patients with prostate cancer after surgery, however, little is known about the relationship between them. The objective of the study was to comprehensively explore the relationship between social support, self-efficacy, and anxiety and depression.Method: A cross-sectional design and a convenience sampling method were used to recruit patients with prostate cancer from a comprehensive hospital in Zhejiang Province. Structured scales were used for data collection, including the Social Support Rating Scale, Strategies Used by People to Promote Health, the hospital anxiety and depression scale.Results: The result showed that anxiety and depression were negatively correlated with self-efficacy (r = -0. 434, P < 0. 01) and social support (r = -0. 212, P < 0. 01), while self-efficacy and social support were positively correlated (r = 0. 356, P < 0. 01).A structural equation model showed that the effect value of social support on self-efficacy was (β= 0.386, p < 0.01) and the effect value of self-efficacy on negative emotions was (β= -0.497, p < 0.01). Self-efficacy fully mediated the effect between social support and negative emotions with a 100% mediation rate.Conclusion: Social support and self-efficacy did contribute to the improvement of depression and anxiety in patients with radical prostatectomy, and they were associated with a full mediating effect of self-efficacy. Providing social support that matches the coping needs of the stressor can maximize the role of social support. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the patient's stressor and coping needs in advance, which will help us to provide matching social support, so as to alleviate patients' bad emotions more effectively and improve their prognosis.
Evaluation of the Scale up of Remote Monitoring in Rheumatology Outpatients Across Three NHS Trusts in South East London, UK: Study Protocol
Authors: Sheldon Helen , Boiko Olga , Martin Melanie , Demetriou Len , Watson Kathryn , Smith Emily Jane , Arumalla Nikita , Sevdalis Nick , Walker Andrew , Garrood Toby 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Modern treat-to-target approaches to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) involve frequent monitoring of disease activity with the goal of disease remission or a low disease activity. The Rheumatoid Arthritis Impact of Disease (RAID) is a multidimensional, validated patient-reported outcome measure that covers seven domains, which has been found to discriminate between active and non-active disease. Applying smartphone apps to monitoring of RA is described as an innovation which has been implemented in the UK and USA. The proposed study will evaluate the feasibility of scaled implementation of a remote monitoring service based on RAID for eligible patients with RA at three NHS organisations (trusts) in south east London, UK.
Methods
Pragmatic formative service evaluation study informed by implementation theory and incorporating the perspectives of RA service users throughout. The study will follow a multi-method approach. Rapid evidence review will be carried out to identify implementation approaches used in similar services. Quantitative data will be collected from a cross-sectional sample of service users through a web-based questionnaire assessing patient satisfaction, as well as service-level data routinely collected by trusts and from the remote monitoring system and documentation produced in developing and implementing the remote monitoring service. Qualitative data will be collected from approximately 30 clinical and non-clinical staff and 20-30 patients purposively sampled to conduct semi-structured interviews to explore their perspectives on remote monitoring in RA. The evaluation will be supported by established implementation frameworks, including EPIS (Exploration, Preparation, Implementation and Sustainment) and COM-B (Capability-Opportunity-Motivation-Behaviour), which will be used to guide data generation and to inform the framework analysis of qualitative data.
Discussion
This pragmatic study will enhance the understanding of implementation process and outcomes and will explore the potential to scale up the remote monitoring system in RA. A larger scale hybrid study can be designed based on the dataset the current study will produce to offer definitive clinical and implementation evaluation.
Polycaprolactone Blended Cellulose Acetate Thin Film Composite Membrane for Dairy Waste Treatment Using Forward Osmosis
Authors: CHANDRAN AKASH M , Tayal Ekta , Mural Prasanna Kumar S 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In recent years new sustainable technology for wastewater treatment has emerged, and among them, Forward osmosis (FO) has gained importance. FO utilizes osmotic pressure difference across the semipermeable membrane as the driving force to concentrate the wastewater. Further, the surface and physical properties of the semipermeable FO membrane play a crucial role during the FO process to reduce the internal concentration polarization. In general, FO membranes are prepared using cellulose acetate (CA) polymer due to their high hydrophilic nature. However, CA membranes are mechanically unstable for the FO process. Hence, to increase the mechanical strength and flexibility of CA, other polymers are blended along with it. In this present study, we have prepared a Phase-Inversion membrane using CA blended with polycaprolactone (PCL) polymers. Further, to increase the hydrophilicity of the membrane, a thin film composite (TFC) layer of polyamide is coated using interfacial polymerization. To increase the antifouling properties of the membrane, Graphene oxide (GO) and copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles (NPs) are incorporated inside the TFC matrix. The prepared NPs and membrane were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXD), and contact angle. Further, the GO-CuO incorporated TFC coating has improved the hydrophilicity and antifouling properties of the membrane. It was observed that the water flux has increased up to 5 LMH, and reverse solute flux has reduced to 4 GMH. Further, the membrane was utilized to concentrate in situ prepared dairy waste. It was observed that after 60 mins of the FO process, the concentration of dairy waste has increased to 23%, with a concentration factor of 0.903. Thus, prepared TFC phase inversion membrane is potential for dairy wastewater treatment.
Rotamer-Free Protein Sequence Design Based on Deep Learning and Self-Consistency
Authors: Liu Yufeng , Zhang Lu , Wang Weilun , Zhu Min , Wang Chenchen , Li Fudong , Zhang Jiahai , Li Houqiang , Chen Quan , Liu Haiyan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We present ABACUS-R, a method based on deep learning for designing amino acid sequences that autonomously fold into a given target backbone. This method predicts the sidechain type of a central residue from its 3-D local environment by using an encoder-decoder network trained with a multi-task learning strategy. The environmental features encoded by the network include the types but not the conformations of the sidechains of surrounding residues. This eliminates the needs for reconstructing and optimizing sidechain structures, and drastically simplifies the sequence design process. Thus iteratively applying the encoder-decoder to different central residues is able to produce self-consistent overall sequences for a target backbone. Extensive results of wet experiments, including five structures solved by X-ray crystallography, show that ABACUS-R outperforms state-of-the-art energy function-based de novo sequence design methods by significant margins in success rate and design precision. ABACUS-R constitutes a robust tool for wide applications in protein design and protein engineering.