bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Jesus and the Ossuaries
Authors: EVANS CRAIG A. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The recently publicized "James" ossuary is only one more remarkable archaeological find that may have significance for research into the life of Jesus and early Christian history. Further scientific study of this ossuary is needed before its authenticity and the controversial "brother of Jesus" portion of the inscription can be accepted. Review of other ossuary inscriptions, as well as three nonossuary inscriptions, will provide perspective and context for assessing the importance of this new find.
Resident Aliens in Mission: Missional Practices in the Emerging Church of 1 Peter
Authors: SELAND TORREY 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The present study discusses the issue of mission in 1 Peter in light of the missiological model of "missional" church. The early Christian communities of 1 Peter are considered here as young emerging congregations living in a kind of liminal state. Being discriminated against in their local communities, they struggled for their own new Christian identity. In these circumstances, the phenomenon of intramural ethics is important, but so also are their missional good works. These are considered to be observed by "the others," who are won over and ultimately give glory to God. Contrary to some recent interpreters, the present study argues that the readers are also admonished to be ready to preach and defend their faith, thus becoming a missional church of both works and words in their neighborhoods.
The Use of Genesis 42:18 (not Leviticus 18:5) in Luke 10:28: Joseph and the Good Samaritan
Authors: SPRINKLE PRESTON M. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This article seeks to accomplish two goals: (1) to correct the common assumption that the OT text being alluded to in Luke 10:28 is Lev 18:5, and (2) to set forth a proposal that Luke is drawing from the Joseph story (Gen 37–50) to supply various raw materials for constructing the Parable of the Good Samaritan. In order to carry out this examination, I will first demonstrate that Gen 42:18, rather than Lev 18:5, is the actual text being alluded to in Luke 10:28. After establishing this, I will then probe the possible function that the Joseph story might have in the Parable of the Good Samaritan (Luke 10:30–37).
Μαθητής and Μιμητής: Exploring an Entangled Relationship
Authors: COPAN VICTOR A. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The precise relationship between μιμητής and μαθητής has been the source of scholarly debate for some time. The two major proposals of how to understand their relationship do not offer decisive evidence for their positions. In order to get beyond this impasse, this article looks at two sets of texts from the Common Era: texts where μιμητής occurs alone and texts in which both μιμητής and μαθητής occur. The contexts of both sets of texts are examined to discern if they reveal anything about the relationship between these terms in order to see which of these proposals (if any) are supported. Based on this data, preliminary conclusions about how to understand the relationship between these terms are offered.
Off the Beaten Track: An Evangelical Reading of the Psalms without Gunkel
Authors: KLINGBEIL MARTIN G. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Since the inception of form criticism, evangelical theology has tried to define its relationship with its main proponent, Hermann Gunkel. This article tries to analyze this ambiguous relationship by means of reviewing interpretive tendencies of major Psalms commentaries from 1935 to 2003 while trying to locate evangelical scholarship within this panorama. One of the conclusions of this brief review is that evangelical scholarship has tagged behind when it could have been in the lead.
"Let the Reader Understand": A Contextual Interpretation of Mark 13:14
Authors: PERKINS LARRY 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Robert Fowler argues that the clause "let the reader understand" in Mark 13:14 is an example of "parenthetical comment by the narrator to the reader." It is unique because it addresses the recipient of the story directly. As a result this comment could not be part of Jesus' discourse. In contrast, this article argues that this clause is part of Jesus' discourse because its language fits the way that Jesus in Mark challenges people to read—that is, interpret correctly—the Old Testament. This statement fits well with Jesus' frequent corrections of his disciples' misunderstandings. The third-person form parallels other instructions that Jesus gives to his disciples. The need for understanding occurs in two other contexts where Jesus is talking with his disciples. Jesus wants them to understand correctly his use of the phrase "the abomination of desolation." Readers of discourse also hear the injunction.
"It Never Entered My Mind": The Problematic Theodicy of Theistic Determinism
Authors: MEADORS EDWARD P. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This article evaluates contemporary expressions of compatibilist theodicy that identify God as the primary agent of evil. The author questions this conclusion by appealing to God's sovereignty in Scripture, the basic semantics of רָעָה, exegesis of crux passages, biblical theology comprehensively understood, and historical theology accurately quoted. In each arena, the author exposes invalid arguments and presuppositions expressive of theistic determinism. The author then arrives at a different conclusion.
Blasphemy and the Jewish Examination of Jesus
Authors: BOCK DARRELL 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
IBR Jesus Project 5. This article represents another contribution to the IBR Jesus Group and covers issues of background, historicity, and significance associated with the Jewish examination of Jesus by the leaders of Judaism. It argues that the core of this account is historical by working systematically through Mark's use of the theme of blasphemy, the question of whether the Jews had the right to execute Jesus legally, and potential witnesses, as well as examining the themes of Jesus' potential blasphemy and how Jews saw the potential for exaltation. The work represents an updating of my Blasphemy and Exaltation monograph by interacting with issues raised since it was published.
Dating "Thomas": Logion 53 as a Test Case for Dating the "Gospel of Thomas" within an Early Christian Trajectory
Authors: JIPP JOSHUA W. , THATE MICHAEL J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A perennial and seemingly irresolvable conflict affecting the studies of early Christianity, the quest for the historical Jesus, and the Synoptic Gospels has been whether the Gospel of Thomas and the diverse traditions that it preserves should be dated before or after the Synoptic Gospels. Scholars have primarily tended to resolve the issue by establishing its independence from or dependence upon the Synoptic Gospels. Recently, however, there have been signs that new methods may be opening up new vistas with respect to the dating issue. To name but a few, the diverse scholarship of Nicholas Perrin, April DeConick, and Risto Uro has been devoted to establishing new and creative methods precisely with respect to this problem. This essay seeks to use an alternative methodology whereby we examine a particular logion, in this case logion 53 on circumcision, and attempt to plot its particular teaching on an early Christian trajectory. After briefly surveying a few alternative methods for dating the Gospel of Thomas, we examine logion 53 within the Gospel of Thomas and suggest that its teaching on circumcision fits well within the larger Thomasine context, and then compare it with other early Christian texts on circumcision. We suggest that this logion fits well within a late first century or early second century context.
The Seventy Sevens of Daniel 9: A Timetable for the Future?
Authors: HESS RICHARD S. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Questions of the Messiah's return remain among the most perplexing and divisive in the interpretation of OT texts. These questions look to the future, at the end of the age. Because so many of the chapters in Daniel are concerned with the future, Daniel is a natural scroll in which to look for clues. There is very little in the Bible to provide any clue as to specific dates prophesied as yet to come. For this reason, numerical figures such as the seventy sevens of Dan 9:24–27 become keys to unlocking various schemes for the future.
The Temple and the Thorn: 2 Corinthians 12 and Paul's Heavenly Ecclesiology
Authors: HOOD JASON B. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Jewish and Christian beliefs and Pauline descriptions of heavenly and ecclesiological realities provide support for a possible explanation for Paul's supernatural experience in 2 Cor 12. In this experience, Paul enters the heavenly model for the earthly temple and witnesses God and Christ enthroned and glorified in the heavenly equivalent of the holy of holies. But Paul's ecclesiology, featuring as it does the temple nature of the church and the church's union with Christ, suggests that he would have seen the church enthroned as well (Eph 2:6). Tendencies in NT visions also lend support to this interpretation. Various factors, when combined with Paul's commitment to the growth of the church as the earthly manifestation of the heavenly temple, suggest a possible link between the unspecified thorn in the flesh and Paul's cruciform, missional suffering.
Scholar and Advocate: The Stories of Moses in Midrash "Exodus Rabbah"
Authors: GRAVES MICHAEL 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Like any form of interpretive writing but in its own distinctive way, rabbinic midrash functions both as a response to elements of the text (exegesis) and as a medium through which the interpreters speak to their own context (cultural expression). One notable feature of aggadic midrash is the practice of telling extrabiblical stories about biblical figures. Even the telling of these stories represents both exegesis and cultural expression, as seen in the presentation of Moses in midrash Exodus Rabbah. In non-rabbinic Jewish portrayals of Moses from the Greco-Roman world, Moses was often an important vehicle for the expression of the Jewish appropriation of cultural Hellenism. In the Mekhilta de Rabbi Ishmael, the figure of Moses is elaborated only modestly, but he is clearly depicted within the framework of rabbinic thought. Exodus Rabbah follows and develops the trajectory of the Mekhilta but also highlights features of Moses that were prominent in earlier sources in light of shared cultural experiences and their common text (that is, Exodus). In Exodus Rabbah, Moses is depicted through numerous aggadic tales as a rabbinic scholar of Torah and as the advocate who successfully mediates between Israel and God. Although these stories freely describe Moses in anachronistic terms as though he were a sage from the era of the rabbis, they also reflect genuine responses to actual points of tension and meaning in the text. This approach enabled the sages of the midrash to appreciate the meaningfulness of the text as they saw their own situations acted out in the text through Moses, although this came at the expense of recognizing fully the points of difference between the world of the text and the world of the interpreters.
Environmental Law in Deuteronomy: One Lens on a Biblical Theology of Creation Care
Authors: RICHTER SANDRA 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Too often the Church dismisses the issue of environmentalism as peripheral, or even alien, to the theological witness of the Bible. Yet the testimony of both Old and New Testaments is that God is invested in the well-being of the earth and its creatures and that humanity bears responsibility as God's steward of the same. This essay investigates this topic as it is communicated through the politeia of ancient Israel, the book of Deuteronomy. The laws of land tenure, agriculture, warfare, wild creatures, and animal husbandry are examined with an eye toward the larger biblical theological message of the Bible. Israel's practice is compared to the norms of its ancient society, and modern parallels are proposed.
The Problem with the Observance of the Lord's Supper in the Corinthian Church
Authors: SMITH BARRY D. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The defining characteristic of the σχίσματα in 1 Cor 11 is most likely socioeconomic. What is not so clear, however, is what exactly transpires during the Lord's Supper that leads to the humiliation of the poor members present. There are five hypotheses that reconstruct the details of how the wealthy humiliate their social inferiors; these can be called the sequential-sponsored, sequential-potluck, inhospitable, private-meal, and eranos hypotheses. In order to determine which of these five hypotheses is the most historically accurate, six interrelated questions must be answered. These questions are: (1) Does an ordinary meal (Sättigungsmahl) separate the Brotritus (bread rite) and the Kelchritus (cup rite) from each other? (2) Are the "have-nots" expected to bring their own food and drink to the Lord's Supper? (3) To whom does ἕκαστος refer in 11:21? (4) What does the verb προλαμβάνει in 11:21 mean, and what does Paul mean by his admonition συνερχόμενοι εἰς τὸ φαγεῖν ἀλλήλους ἐκδέχεσθε? (5) What gives τὸ ἴδιον δεῖπνον consumed by ἕκαστος its character as ἴδιον, and how does τὸ ἴδιον δεῖπνον differ from κυριακὸν δεῖπνον? (6) Do the wealthy and the poor eat from a different menu? The responses to these questions collectively represent a reconstruction of how it happens that in the Corinthian church the wealthy consume more food and wine than the poor, thereby humiliating the latter. The most convincing hypothesis turns out to be the sequential-sponsored hypothesis.
Pengembangan Media Video Pembelajaran Materi Persamaan Linear Satu Variabel Dengan Kinemaster Pro
Authors: Subekti Fera Yuliana 
Published: April 2022

Pada pembelajaran daring saat ini, dibutuhkan media pembelajaran yang dapat meningkatkan minat belajar dan pemahaman peserta didik. Tujuan penelitian ini mengembangkan media video pembelajaran dengan aplikasi kinemaster pro pada materi persamaan linear satu variabel yang layak digunakan. Penelitian pengembangan ini menggunakan model ADDIE yang dilaksanakan pada semester Genap Tahun Pelajaran 2020/2021 di SMP Negeri 03 Yogyakarta, dengan mengambil uji coba kelas kecil sebanyak lima peserta didik dan uji coba kelas besar seluruh peserta didik kelas VIIF. Data diperoleh dengan menyebarkan angket ke ahli materi dan media untuk mengetahui kevalidan dan angket respon peserta didik untuk mengetahui kepraktisan dari video yang dikembangkan, dan hasilnya dianalisis secara kualitatif. Hasil rata – rata penilaian dari ahli materi sebesar 4,3 dengan kategori sangat baik, dari ahli media sebesar 3,96 dengan kategori baik. Respon peserta didik pada uji coba kelas kecil diperoleh rata-rata 3,12 dan pada uji coba kelas besar diperoleh rata-rata 3,20 dengan kategori baik. Dari penilain ahli materi, ahli media dan respon peserta didik dengan kategori minimal baik, maka pengembangan video pembelajaran materi PLSV dengan aplikasi kinemaster pro layak digunakan.
Penggunaan GCA dan PBL untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar serta Partisipasi Siswa pada Materi Limit Fungsi
Authors: Sugiarto Sugiarto 
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui, seberapa besar peningkatan hasil belajar, dan bagaimana perubahan perilaku partisipatif siswa melalui penggunaan Giesoft Cloud Assessment (GCA) dan Problem Based Learning (PBL) pada pada materi limit fungsi bagi siswa kelas XI IPA 3 semester 2 tahun pelajaran 2016. Metode penelitian ini adalah PTK. Analisis data menggunakan diskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses pembelajaran menggunakan GCA dan PBL dapat diimplementasikan oleh siswa dan guru dengan baik, hasil belajar siswa meningkat, yaitu: persentase ketuntasan belajar matematika pada kondisi awal 37,80% (14 dari 37 siswa), pada siklus I sebesar 59,50% (22 dari 37 siswa), dan pada siklus II sebesar 81,10% (30 dari 37 siswa), perubahan perilaku partisipasi siswa dalam kerja kelompok meningkat, rata rata nilai sikap partisipatif siswa pada kondisi awal sebesar 51, pada siklus I mencapai 63, dan pada siklus II mencapai 74. Proses pembelajaran menggunakan GCA dan PBL dapat diimplementasikan oleh siswa dan guru dengan baik, besar peningkatan hasil belajar terlihat dari peningkatan persentase ketuntasan belajar sebesar 43% (bergerak dari kondisi awal 37.8% menuju siklus II 81,10%), disamping itu terjadi peningkatan perilaku partisipatif siswa saat melaksanakan aktifitas kerja kelompok dan antar kelompok.
Peningkatan Motivasi dan Hasil Belajar Siswa Melalui Metode Tanya Jawab Kritis pada Materi Listrik Dinamis
Authors: Handayani Dwi 
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan motivasi dan hasil belajar IPA siswa kelas IXB MTsN 4 Ngawi pada materi Listrik Dinamis melalui metode tanya jawab kritis. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan angket, observasi dan tes. Penelitian dilakukan sebanyak dua siklus yang tiap siklus terdiri dari tahap perencanaan, tindakan, observasi dan refleksi. Adapun teknik analisis data menggunakan deskriptif analitik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan metode tanya jawab kritis pada materi listrik dinamis dapat meningkatkan motivasi siswa dalam belajar IPA, sehingga dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa. Adapun peningkatan peningkatan motivasi dari siklus I ke siklus II sebagai berikut: Sangat senang mengalami kenaikan 25% ; Senang mengalami kenaikan 18 %; kurang senang menurun 18% dan tidak senang menurun 15%. Penggunaan metode tanya jawab kritis juga dapat meningkatkan keberanian bertanya dan motivasi siswa belajar IPA, sehingga dapat meningkatkan nilai ulangan harian atau prestasi belajar siswa. Adapun peningkatan dari siklus I ke siklus II sebagai berikut: Predikat sangat baik ( nilai 90 – 100 ) mengalami kenaikan 25 % (dari 0% menjadi 15%) ; Predikat baik (nilai 70 – 80 ) mengalami kenaikan 3 % ( dari 57 % menjadi 60 % ); Predikat cukup (nilai 50 – 60 ) mengalami penurunan 28 % ( dari 44 % menjadi 15 %) Hal Ini menunjukkan siswa semakin termotivasi dalam belajar IPA pada materi Listrik Dinamis Melalui Metode Tanya Jawab Kritis dan mengalami peningkatan hasil belajar setelah melewati dua siklus pembelajaran.
Priority areas for the development of modern financial technologies in the global economy
Authors: Luntovskaya M. A. 
Published: April 2022

The process of globalization of the world economy has significantly changed the trends in the development of the financial market in general and commercial banks in particular, giving them an innovative direction. In a market economy, in order to increase competitiveness, obtain a larger market share and develop effectively, banks must not only expand their operational capabilities, but also be actively innovative.In this regard, the criteria for innovative development and competitive potential in the national context are important elements for studying and identifying their features with the real economy and the banking environment.The subject of research in the article is innovative financial products developed in the banking sector. The research results consist in identifying directions for the development of financial technologies in the world and the Russian Federation.The research materials are of scientific and practical interest from the standpoint of predicting trends in the further development of the world economy in the paradigm of the transformation of financial markets and are intended for the academic and business community.
Kształtowanie zbiorowisk trawiastych na terenie starych parków dworskich na przykładzie Zespołu Pałacowo-Parkowego w Falentach
Authors: Pawluśkiewicz Bogumiła 
Published: April 2022

The determination of different light conditions and renovation methods on the improvement of grass areas was the aim of the study. Two grass areas of different light conditions were set up in the Palace-Park area and the renovation activities (cutting, fertilising, oversowing and full cultivation) were carried out. The changes of turf level, botanical content and general turf condition were analysed. Five times a year-cutting affected the decreasing of ruderal and shrubby plants share in the turf, especially in light sun conditions, but the development of low grasses was not fully satisfactory. The fertilising did not affect the turf improvement in spite of extensive Dactylis glomerata development. In the light sun conditions the oversowing, and especially full cultivation, secured quick turf and botanical composition improvement.
Skład gatunkowy populacji drobnych ssaków na ekstensywnie wykorzystywanych łąkach Basenu Czarnocińskiego nad Zalewem Szczecińskim
Authors: Miłek Eliza , Musielak Dorota 
Published: April 2022

Czarnocin and the surroundings meadows are located in the Skoszewskie Meadows district. These permanent grasslands, very abundant in the past, are now dominated by the sedges, reeds and phytocenosis with Reed Canary-grass, Wood Small-reed and Common Couch. These areas are still very valuable, and were included into the Nature 2000. The main aim of the protection is to increase biodiversity of flora and fauna in these areas. Till now the research has included mostly flora and avifauna. There are no records about other vertebrates’ species. In the present paper the authors tried to estimate the composition of the small mammals’ species living on this tract. The bone material, skeletonized from the pellets of the Barn Owl (Tyto alba) was used. Research results show 12 species of small mammals, including 5 protected species. A big percentage of Soricidae and Arvicolidae families are connected with environmental conditions (mostly high soil moisture) and extensive forms of grasslands management.
Mineral composition and geochemical features of organomineral deposits of the tract of Lake Peschanoe in the southern part of the Amur-Zeya interfluve
Authors: Radomskaya V. I. , Yusupov D. V. , Pavlova L. M. , Radomskii S. M. , Demchuk V. A. , Moiseenko N. V. , Kezina T. V. , Veklich T. N. , Kulik S. Ya. 
Published: April 2022

Research subject. The article presents the results of a comprehensive study of a column of organomineral deposits (750 cm) in the tract of Lake Peschanoe (Amur Region, between the Amur and Zeya rivers).Material and methods. In the studied section, the composition of organomineral deposits were examined based on radiocarbon dating and palynological analysis.Results. According to radiocarbon dating, the sedimentation began over 4 thousand calendar years. Specific features of the accumulation and distribution of rock-forming oxides and microelements along the organomineral sedimentary profile were established. The mineral composition is dominated by quartz, feldspars, amphiboles, pyrite, garnet and biotite. The highest values of the scattering coefficient in the thickness of the deposits are typical of Hg (8.0), Tl (6.7), La (5.3), below – Zr, Rb and Li (4.7, 4.4 and 4.1, respectively).Conclusions. The study of the geochemical characteristics of organomineral deposits allowed us to identify the industrial period of sedimentation, which was characterized by an increase in the concentrations of Hg, Cd, Pb and Sn. The background contents of elements in the organomineral deposits of the Lake Peschanoe tract can be used as a regional background for deposits in the transboundary territory of the Upper and Middle Amur and its tributaries. The calculated geochemical coefficients indicate the freshwater content of the basin and the alternation of stagnant and oxidizing environments during sedimentation. The increased Ca/Sr values are associated with a change in the climatic regime towards cooling, which occurred during the last 4 thousand years in this area: 4300–4100, 2400–2100, 500–230 years ago.