bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of Temporary Anchorage Devices (TADs) in the UK for anterior open bite (AOB) correction: a national survey
Authors: Alshaibi Omar , Bearn David , Mossey Peter 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in TADs as a source of anchorage reinforcement in Orthodontics. On the other hand, the extent of the use of these devices for vertical anchorage in anterior open bite (AOB) treatment amongst orthodontists in the UK is unknown, especially among consultants and specialists who as well as providing care are responsible for teaching and passing clinical knowledge to the next generation of orthodontists. This survey aimed to identify how widely TADs are used in the treatment of AOB in the UK and to investigate the most important orthodontic diagnostic criteria for orthodontists in the treatment planning for AOB correction by using a short online questionnaire through the British orthodontic society (BOS). The response rate was 13.5% (134 out of 991) Among those 49 (36.5%) use TADs for vertical anchorage in the treatment of mild to moderate AOB, while 85 (63.4%) do not use them. Of those who use TADs, only 13 (26.5%) participants use them routinely and 35 (71.4%) use them occasionally, one responder did not complete this question. The results of this survey show that the use of TADs in the treatment of AOB cases in the UK is limited and the proportion of orthodontists using TADs routinely in AOB is very low (9.7%). The most important diagnostic criterion in treatment planning is ‘Vertical skeletal discrepancy’. The second diagnostic criterion is ‘Vertical skeletal discrepancy’. The third and fourth diagnostic criterion were ‘AOB in mms’ and ‘Age of patient’ respectively. At the bottom of the preference diagnostic criterion is ‘Anteroposterior skeletal discrepancy’ and ‘Upper and lower incisor inclination’
Elevated levels of Monocyte-lymphocyte Ratio and Platelet-lymphocyte Ratio in adolescents with Non-suicidal Self-injury
Authors: Zheng Qi , Liu Jin , Ji YaJuan , Chen XinChao , Liu BangShan , Zhang Yan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background:Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are blood indicators of systemic inflammation. This study aims to compare the levels of inflammatory indicators derived from blood routine tests between adolescents with non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and those with non-NSSI.Methods：A total of 201 adolescents with mood or emotional disorders were enrolled in this study, among which 106 had engaged in NSSI and 95 had never engaged in NSSI. NLR, MLR, and PLR were calculated based on the complete blood cell count. Results：There was no significant difference in demographic data between the two groups. The NSSI group exhibited significantly higher MLR (P < 0.001) and PLR (P = 0.001) than the non-NSSI group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that MLR (OR 1.545, 95%CI [1.087-2.281], P = 0.021) and PLR (OR 1.327, 95%CI [1.215-1.450], P < 0.001) were independent predictors of NSSI. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses demonstrated that for predicting NSSI, the optimal cut-off value of MLR was 0.135 and the area under curve was 0.638 ([0.561- 0.715], P < 0.001), with a sensitivity of 90.60% and a specificity of 33.70%; the optimal cut-off value of PLR was 127.505 and the area under curve was of 0.611 ([0.533-0.689], P < 0.001), with a sensitivity of 39.60% and a specificity of 81.10%.Conclusions:Systemic inflammation, as indicated by MLR and PLR, is elevated in adolescents with NSSI. MLR and PLR might serve as potential biomarkers in the assessment of NSSI in adolescents.
Dietary supplementation of bilberry anthocyanin on growth performance, intestinal mucosal barrier and cecal microbes of chickens challenged with Salmonella typhimurium
Authors: Zhang Sheng , Wang Yibing , Ye Jinling , Fan Qiuli , Lin Xiajing , Gou Zongyong , Jiang Shouqun 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: The study objective was to investigate the protective effects of bilberry anthocyanin (AC) on growth performance, intestinal mucosal barrier and cecal microbes of chickens challenged with Salmonella.Methods: A total of 240 male hatchling chickens were randomly allocated to 4 treatments, each with 6 replicates. Birds were fed a basal diet supplemented with 0 (CON, and ST), 100 (ACL) and 400 (ACH) mg/kg of AC for 60 d, and orally challenged with 109 CFU/bird (ST, ACL, ACH) Salmonella typhimurium at 14 and 16 d, birds in CON were given the same volume of PBS.Results: (1) Dietary supplementation of AC significantly increased d 18 BW, and ADG from d 1 to 18, and significantly decreased the F/G from d 1 to 18, d 1 to 28, d 1 to 60 (P<0.05); (2) At d 18, AC increased (P<0.05) the number of Salmonella in the liver and spleen of chickens; (3) AC decreased (P<0.05) plasma NO and ileal IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, IFN-β, and IFN-γ; (4) AC also significantly increased ileal villus height (ACL, ACH), the ratio of villus height to crypt depth (ACH) and significantly decreased crypt depth (ACH). AC increased (P<0.05) the expression of Claudin-1 and Muc2 (ACL), ZO-1 and Occludin (ACH) as well; (5) Analysis of cecal microbes indicated that AC had a significant effect on principal co-ordinates and increased the alpha-diversity indexes (Chao, Pd, Shannon and Sobs) (P < 0.05). At the phylum level, the relative abundance of Firmicutes (ACL, ACH) was increased (P<0.05), and the relative abundance of Proteobacteria (ACL, ACH) and Bacteroidota (ACL) was decreased (P<0.05). At the genus level, AC decreased (P<0.05) the relative abundances of Bacteroides and Escherichia-Shigella, and increased (P<0.05) the relative abundances of Lactobacillus, Clostridia_UCG-014, Lachnospiraceae, and Shuttleworthia. Conclusion: Dietary AC prevented Salmonella infection in chicken via inhibiting the Salmonella colonization in liver and spleen, suppressing secretion of inflammatory factors, up-regulating the expression of ileal mucosal tight junction and mucin proteins, and ameliorating the composition of cecal microbes. Under the circumstance of this experiment, 100 mg/kg bilberry anthocyanin was recommended for chickens.
Blood Levels of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) in People with Multiple Sclerosis (MS): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Shobeiri Parnian , Ashourizadeh Helia , Pasha Boshra Akbarzadeh , Haghshomar Maryam , Jouzdani Tahmineh , Teixeira Antônio L. , Rezaei Nima 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune demyelinating disease marked by the involvement of multiple pathophysiological pathways, including BDNF. BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) is one of the main neurotrophic factors in the adult brain. The amount of BDNF in the blood can be utilized as a surrogate for the central expression of this marker. Given contradicting reports, we set out to answer the question, “How do blood levels of BDNF differ in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) compared to controls?”Methods: We performed a thorough search in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library databases, resulting in 13 eligible investigations. Eleven studies compared BDNF in serum of PwMS versus healthy controls (HC), and two studies provided BDNF levels in the plasma of PwMs. R version 4.0.4 was used for meta-analysis and visualizations. Mean difference (MD) was used for the measurement of effect size.Results: The final analysis included thirteen studies with 689 patients with MS and 583 controls. The preliminary results indicated that MS patients had statistically significant lower levels of BDNF than controls: SMD -5.1992 (95% CI [-8.4488; -1.9496], p-value < 0.0001. Additionally, subgroup analysis revealed a statistically significant difference in serum and plasma levels (p-value=0.01). Performing univariate meta-regression, disease duration and the proportion of males had, respectively, a significant negative and positive correlation with BDNF levels.Conclusion: Circulating levels of BDNF are decreased in MS. Future studies should investigate the role of BDNF as a biomarker of disease severity and/or progression for a personalized approach to MS.
Intestine and brain TLR-4 modulation following N-Acetyl-Cysteine treatment in NEC rodent model
Authors: Beloosesky Ron , Gutzeit Ola , Ginsberg Yuval , Khatib Nizar , Ross Michael G. , Zeev Weiner , zmora Osnat 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objective: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) brain injury is mediated through Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) on the intestinal epithelium and on brain microglia. We sought to determine whether postnatal and/or prenatal NAC can modify NEC associated intestinal and brain TLR4 expression and brain glutathione levels in a rat model of NEC.Study Design: Newborn Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into 3 groups: Control (n=33); NEC (n=32) subjected to hypoxia and formula feeding; NEC-NAC (n=34) received NAC (300mg/kg IP) in addition to NEC conditions. Two additional groups included pups of dams who were treated once daily with NAC (300mg/kg IV) for the last 3 days of pregnancy: NAC-NEC (n=33) or NAC-NEC-NAC (n=36) with additional postnatal NAC. Pups were sacrificed on the fifth day, ileum and brains harvested for TLR-4 and glutathione protein levels. Results: NEC offspring had significantly increased brain and ileum TLR-4 protein levels compared to control (brain 2.5+0.6 vs 0.88+0.12 U; ileum 0.24+0.04 vs 0.09+0.01 U, p<0.05). NAC administered only to dams (NAC-NEC) significantly decreased NEC offspring brain (1.53+0.41 vs 2.5+0.6 U; p<0.05) and ileum (0.12+0.03 vs 0.24+0.04 U; p<0.05) TLR-4 protein levels compared to NEC. The same pattern was demonstrated when NAC was administered only or also postnatally. The decrease in offspring brain glutathione levels observed under NEC condition was reversed with all NAC treatment groups.Conclusion: NAC could reverse the increase in ileum and brain TLR-4 levels and the decrease in brain glutathione levels associated with NEC in a rat model, and thus may protect from NEC associated brain injury.
Development and Utilization of Analytical Methods for Rapid GM Detection in Processed Food Products: A Case Study for Regulatory Requirement
Authors: Singh Monika , Paliwal Aparna , Kaur Kushaldeep , Palit Paramita , Randhawa Gurinderjit 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Genetically modified (GM) food crops for desired traits have been approved in some of the countries. The approval status of a GM event varies from country to country. In India, Bt cotton is the only approved GM crop. So far, no GM food crop has got regulatory approval in the country, which may be considered as unauthorized GM (UGM) event in the Indian context. The entry of UGM events of food crops needs to be checked in the imported consignments as well as in the marketplace. In the present study, screening elements were identified based on the genetically modified organism (GMO) matrix developed as decision support system for 22 GM food crops approved globally. Three sets of multiplex PCR assays were developed and validated for GM detection in food crops and products: triplex PCR targeting control elements [Cauliflower Mosaic Virus 35S promoter (P-35S), Figwort Mosaic Virus promoter (P-FMV), nopaline synthase terminator (T-nos)], triplex PCR targeting marker genes [aminoglycoside-3’-adenyltransferase (aadA), neomycin phosphotransferase (nptII), phosphinothricin-N-acetyltransferase (pat)] and duplex PCR targeting Bt genes (cry1Ab/Ac and cry2Ab2). Limit of detection (LOD) ranged from 0.5 − 0.05% for different targets, which is in compliance with the labelling threshold of many countries. The developed assays were utilized to check the GM status of apple and maize products along with an additional test for ctp2-cp4epsps for herbicide tolerance in maize. These procedures could be efficiently employed as a part of GMO testing to trace GM contamination, if any, in both the imported as well as domestic food products.
Study on Camellia Sinensis Heavy Metal and Environmental Factors around Typical Mining Area
Authors: wang hongmei , wu jianfang , tian ziqiang , li yuting 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
There is limited information on heavy metal in green tea (Camellia sinensis) and the relating soil factors around the areas with high heavy metal exposure, such as mining area. It will bring some gaps on the safety control for tea planting soil. Therefore, this study is aimed to establish the relationships between tea heavy metal levels and the relating soil factors. Thirty two green tea samples were obtained, and then analysed. The average of the heavy metal in tea were expressed in mean±S.D. as Pb (2.60±3.63 mg/kg), Cd (0.23±0.36 mg/kg), Hg (0.01±0.00 mg/kg) and As (0.06±0.10 mg/kg), respectively. Correlations between tea heavy metal and the counterpart of tea extraction soaking in water were probed, and the strong positive verified as Pb (R2 0.91, p<0.01) and Cd (R2 0.98, p<0.01). Furthermore, the linear dynamic fitting was established to describe the both heavy metal in tea and tea extraction. Additionally, it addressed the view that the presence of soil Cd and Pb related to that of tea, even tea extraction solution. This study presents a novel insight into the method of establishing the relationship between heavy metal in tea extraction liquid, tea amount and the relating soil index, which also provide a perspective way for calculating the exposure amount of drinking tea.
Mesenchymal stem cells limit vascular and epithelial damage and restore the impermeability of the urothelium in chronic radiation cystitis
Authors: Brossard Clément , Pouliet Anne-Laure , Lefranc Anne-Charlotte , BENADJAOUD Mohamedamine , Santos Morgane Dos , DEMARQUAY Christelle , BUARD Valerie , Benderritter Marc , SIMON Jean Marc , MILLIAT Fabien , Alain Chapel 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Cellular therapy seems to be an innovative therapeutic alternative for which mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been shown to be effective for interstitial and hemorrhagic cystitis. However, the action of MSCs on chronic radiation cystitis (CRC) remains to be demonstrated. The aim of this study was to set up a rat model of CRC and to evaluate the efficacy of MSCs and their mode of action.
Methods
CRC was induced by single-dose localized irradiation of the whole bladder using two beams guided by tomography in Sprague-Dawley rat. A dose range of 20 to 80 Gy with follow-up 3 to 12 months after irradiation was used to characterize the dose effect and the kinetics of radiation cystitis in rats. For the treatment, the dose of 40 Gy was retained, and in order to potentiate the effect of the MSCs, MSCs were isolated from adipose tissue. After expansion, they were injected intravenously during the pre-chronic phase. Three injections of 5 million MSCs were administered every fortnight. Follow-up was performed for 12 months after irradiation.
Results
We observed that the intensity and frequency of hematuria are proportional to the irradiation dose, with a threshold at 40 Gy and the appearance of bleeding from 100 days post-irradiation. The MSCs reduced vascular damage as well as damage to the bladder epithelium.
Conclusions
These results are in favor of MSCs acting to limit progression of the chronic phase of radiation cystitis. MSC treatment may afford real hope for all patients suffering from chronic radiation cystitis resistant to conventional treatments.
Hierarchical Folding of Sub-domais coded by Exons and Molten Grobule State of Retinol Binding Protein
Authors: Nosaka Michiko 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Understanding the folding dynamics of tertiary structures is important for protein design and engineering. However, something new information is needed for the further progress of protein research. Comparison between the predicted structures for the partial peptide sequence and the corresponding part of the X-ray structure seemed to show some clue to the information. Here, we uncovered another structural hierarchy of retinol binding protein; most subdomains coded in exons fold independently with extended C-terminals and the latter segment interact with the former folded subdomain to form the final structure. Our result was discussed with Exon Junction Complex and the tunnel structure of ribosome. Furthermore, the structural variability of the subdomain coded in the third exon was suggested to have a unique characteristic. Molecular dynamics of this protein with SDS micelle showed a possible change at the latter half of the third exon, whose secondary structure ratio is consistent with published results of the CD spectrum. Therefore, this conformational change is responsible for the molten globule state of the protein for releasing its ligand to a target cell. Although our result and discussion must be confirmed in another proteins and by experimental study, they should be useful for protein research.
Integrated bioinformatics analysis reveals significant genes associated with cryptorchidism (CO)
Authors: Hu Liren , Fan Xianming , Lin Jianfeng , Liang Fulv , Tu Jianping , Guo Zhaojian 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objective: we performed a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis to identify potential genes and signaling pathways associated with cryptorchidism.Materials and Methods: This study aimed to identify genes significantly associated with cryptorchidism (CO), between the LE and ORL gubernaculum groups at GD17 and GD19 stages, using a GSE57924 dataset. We identified other DEGs which were changed to up-regulation or down-regulation between the groups by adjusting the cut-off (|log2 fold change (FC)| ≥0.5 and adjusted p <0.05). We subjected the identified DEGs to gene ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analyses, using an online database DAVID, then employed Cytoscape v3.7.1 to construct a protein-protein interaction network.Results: We detected functional hub genes using MCODE. Overall, we identified 147 DEGs between the LE gubernaculum group and ORL gubernaculum group, of which 33 genes were up-regulated (21 genes always down-regulated and 13 genes from down-regulated in GD17 to up-regulated in GD19) while 96 was down-regulated (27 genes always down-regulated and 69 genes from up-regulated in GD17 to down-regulated in GD19). Gene Ontology (GO) revealed that cell adhesion and extracellular matrix were the most abundant biological processes and Cellular Components, whereas the ECM-receptor interaction was the most significant pathway. Analysis of hub genes in the PPI network revealed that 7 genes including Igfbp5, Cyr61, Lamb1, Lamc1, Cp, Fn1, and Ltbp1, were significantly associated with CO. Conclusions: we successfully identified 7 significant markers that provide valuable insights into the molecular mechanism of cryptorchidism. Of note, one of the genes (Fn1) was verified significant differential expression gene in human testicular cancer.
Mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells with lenograstim in multiple myeloma patients: prospective multicenter observational study (KMM122)
Authors: Jung Eun Hee , Byun Ja Min , Shin Dong-Yeop , Do Young Rok , Jo Jae-Cheol , Lee Sang Min , Yoon Sung-Soo 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Current guidelines recommend using filgrastim or tbo-filgrastim to mobilize hematopoietic progenitor cells in an autologous setting. However, previous studies have suggested other forms of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) are equally efficacious, possibly with fewer leukaphereses required. Thus, we prospectively studied the efficacy of lenograstim, a glycosylated recombinant form of G-CSF, in multiple myeloma (MM). From November 2011 to January 2020, 98 MM patients undergoing autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) from 5 academic centers in Korea were enrolled. Donors were mobilized with subcutaneous lenograstim (Neutrogin®) with fixed doses of 10 ug/kg for four days. Most of patients (N = 90, 91.8%) achieved at least the targets of 2 x 106 CD34+ cells/kg and more than half of patients (N = 57, 58.2%) reached target of 5 x 106 CD34+ cells/kg. The mobilization failure rate was 8.2% (N = 8). The median number of CD34+cell/kg using G-CSF only was 5.25 x 106/kg (range 0.49-13.47). There were no grade 3 or 4 adverse events during mobilization. BSA at mobilization and platelet transfusion were factor associated with CD34+ collection. Most patients achieved neutrophil (N = 93, 98.9%) and (N = 89, 94.7%) engraftment. Lenograstim can safely and effectively mobilize stem cells in MM autologous settings.
Does the level of inferior mesenteric artery ligation affect short-term and long-term outcomes of patients with sigmoid colon cancer or rectal cancer-a single-center retrospective study?
Authors: Wang Yawei , Wang Yan , Zou Liaonan , Deng Lingna , Wu Tianchong , Liu Linsen , Jiang Jiling , An Tailai 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: For patients with sigmoid colon cancer or rectal cancer, a definite consensus in terms of the optimal level ligating the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) has not been reached. We performed this retrospective study to determine whether the ligation level significantly affected short-term and long-term outcomes of patients with sigmoid colon cancer or rectal cancer after curative laparoscopic surgery. Methods: Medical records of patients with sigmoid colon cancer or rectal cancer who had undergone curative laparoscopic surgery (High tie or low tie of IMA) at The Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine were reviewed. Then hie tie group (HTG) was compared with low tie group (LTG) in terms of short-term and long-term outcomes. Results: Between January 2008 and December 2014, a total of 590 patients with sigmoid colon cancer or rectal cancer underwent curative laparoscopic surgery at our center. No significance between two groups regarding baseline characteristics. Patients in the HTG had a significantly higher risk of anastomotic fistula than LTG (21/283 VS 11/307, P=0.040). However, two groups were not significantly different from each other regarding operative time (P=0.075), blood transfusion (P=1.000), estimated blood loss (P=0.239), 30-day mortality (P=1.000), ICU stay (P=0.674), postoperative hospital stay(days) (P=0.636), bowel obstruction (P=0.659), ileus (P=0.637), urinary dysfunction (P=1.000), surgical site infection (SSI) (P=0.121), number of retrieved lymph nodes (P=0.501) and number of metastatic lymph nodes (P=0.131). Subsequently, it was revealed that level of IMA ligation did not significantly influence overall survival (P=0.474) and relapse-free survival (P=0.722). Additionally, it was revealed that ligation level did not significantly affect overall survival (OS) (P=0.460) and relapse-free survival (RFS) (P=0.979) of patients with stage I cancer, which was observed among patients with stage II or stage III cancer. Ultimately, ligation level was not an independent predictive factor for either OS or RFS. Conclusions: HT resulted in a significantly higher incidence of anastomotic fistula. Level of IMA ligation did not significantly affect long-term outcomes of patients with sigmoid colon cancer or rectal cancer after curative laparoscopic surgery.