bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Obesity in women with asthma: Baseline disadvantage plus greater small‐airway responsiveness
Authors: Bourdin Arnaud , Bommart Sébastien , Marin Gregory , Vachier Isabelle , Gamez Anne Sophie , Ahmed Engi , Suehs Carey M. , Molinari Nicolas 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundObesity is known to diminish lung volumes and worsen asthma. However, mechanistic understanding is lacking, especially as concerns small‐airway responsiveness. The objective of this study was therefore to compare small‐airway responsiveness, as represented by the change in expiratory:inspiratory mean lung density ratios (MLDe/i, as determined by computed tomography [CT]) throughout methacholine testing in obese versus non‐obese women with asthma.MethodsThoracic CT was performed during methacholine bronchoconstriction challenges to produce standardized response curves (SRC: response parameter versus ln[1 + % PD20], where PD20 is the cumulative methacholine dose) for 31 asthma patients (n = 18 non‐obese and n = 13 obese patients). Mixed models evaluated obesity effects and interactions on SRCs while adjusting for age and bronchial morphology. Small airway responsiveness as represented by SRC slope was calculated for each third of the MLDe/i response and compared between groups.ResultsObesity‐associated effects observed during experimental bronchoconstriction included: (i) a significant baseline effect for forced expiratory volume in 1 second with lower values for the obese (73.11 ± 13.44) versus non‐obese (82.19 ± 8.78; p = 0.002) groups prior to methacholine testing and (ii) significantly higher responsiveness in small airways as estimated via differences in MLDe/i slopes (group×ln(1 + % PD20 interaction; p = 0.023). The latter were pinpointed to higher slopes in the obese group at the beginning 2/3 of SRCs (p = 0.004 and p = 0.021). Significant obesity effects (p = 0.035 and p = 0.008) indicating lower forced vital capacity and greater % change in MLDe/I (respectively) throughout methacholine testing, were also observed.ConclusionIn addition to baseline differences, small‐airway responsiveness (as represented by the change in MLDe/i) during methacholine challenge is greater in obese women with asthma as compared to the non‐obese.
Aerosol precautions and airway complications: a national prospective multicentre cohort study
Authors: Potter T. , Cronin J. N. , Kua J. , Nurmi E. , Wong D. J. N. , Ahmad I. , Cook T. M. , El‐Boghdadly K. ,   the AeroComp Trainee Research Networks,   Collaborators
Published: September 2022

SummaryThe perceived risk of transmission of aerosolised viral particles from patients to airway practitioners during the COVID‐19 pandemic led to the widespread use of aerosol precautions, including personal protective equipment and modifications to anaesthetic technique. The risk of these aerosol precautions on peri‐operative airway complications has not been assessed outside of simulation studies. This prospective, national, multicentre cohort study aimed to quantify this risk. Adult patients undergoing general anaesthesia for elective or emergency procedures over a 96‐hour period were included. Data collected included use of aerosol precautions by the airway practitioner, airway complications and potential confounding variables. Mixed‐effects logistic regression was used to assess the risk of individual aerosol precautions on overall and specific airway complications. Data from 5905 patients from 70 hospital sites were included. The rate of airway complications was 10.0% (95%CI 9.2–10.8%). Use of filtering facepiece class 2 or class 3 respirators was associated with an increased risk of airway complications (odds ratio 1.38, 95%CI 1.04–1.83), predominantly due to an association with difficult facemask ventilation (odds ratio 1.68, 95%CI 1.09–2.61) and desaturation on pulse oximetry (odds ratio 2.39, 95%CI 1.26–4.54). Use of goggles, powered air‐purifying respirators, long‐sleeved gowns, double gloves and videolaryngoscopy were not associated with any alteration in the risk of airway complications. Overall, the use of filtering facepiece class 2 or class 3 respirators was associated with an increased risk of airway complications, but most aerosol precautions used during the COVID‐19 pandemic were not.
Early‐life liver cirrhosis and variable clinical presentation in telomere disease
Authors: Faingelernt Yaniv , Nassar Raouf , Ling Galina , Kodman Yona , Feuerstein Tamar , Yerushalmi Baruch 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimTelomeres are DNA sequences of tandem TTAGGG repeats that protect chromosome ends from degradation and instability. Constitutional loss‐of‐function telomerase mutations result in rapid telomere shortening, premature senescence and cell death. Liver cirrhosis is rare and has only been reported in adults. We present five family members of Bedouin‐Muslim origin, all of which carry the same mutation, and yet demonstrate an extremely variable phenotypical presentation, including liver cirrhosis during early childhood.MethodsA multidisciplinary long‐term follow‐up of two healthy and three affected patients was analysed. The mutation (r.95G>C) was identified in all patients using Sanger sequencing. Telomere length samples were obtained and analysed.ResultsClinical phenotypes were extremely variable, including age at first symptoms, organ involvement, disease severity and patient prognosis. The most prominent clinical phenotype is liver involvement, including end‐stage liver disease early in life, which affects three members of the family. Affected patients had markedly shorter telomeres.ConclusionWe describe an unusual presentation of early liver failure in telomere disease patients. Little, if any, is known about the association between the genotype and phenotype among children with telomere disease and whether the mutation we have described (r.95G>C) is predisposed to early severe hepatic involvement.
Physical workplace adjustments to support neurodivergent workers: A systematic review
Authors: Weber Clara , Krieger Beate , Häne Eunji , Yarker Joanna , McDowall Almuth 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDerived from the concept of neurodiversity, neurodivergence is an umbrella term for various conditions such as Autism‐Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADD/ADHD), Dyslexia, or Dyspraxia, which affect approximately 22% of the population. Sensory difficulties and overload are a common symptom. The provision of physical workplace adjustments for neurodivergent workers, such as workplace design solutions, has become popular in practice, yet their utility remains unsubstantiated. This review evaluates the evidence for physical workplace adjustments and their link to occupational longevity, performance and health/well‐being in neurodivergent workers. A systematic review (PRISMA guidelines) of studies published in English between 2000 and 2021 focused on these inclusion criteria: adult office workers clinically considered neurodiverse, their families, colleagues, employers, experts and vocational programme staff; at least one physical workplace adjustment; and all types of empirical study designs. The theoretical framing was based on the ecological model of person–environment fit supplemented by the International Classification of Functioning, (ICF) disability and health and environmental stress theory. Quality assessment and data synthesis were undertaken. Of the 319 studies identified, 20 met the eligibility criteria; the majority addressed ASD. Most studies described a combination of adjustments to address different environmental stimuli. The most frequent adjustments addressed sound distractions (e.g. single‐person offices) and light sensitivity (e.g. light control), which were related to occupational longevity, performance and health/well‐being. A range of other adjustments addressed aspects such as environmental control, crowding or decompression rooms. There is insufficient evidence to fully evaluate the usefulness of adjustments, partially due to methodological shortcomings. Despite the variety of challenges with the sensory physical environment acknowledged in the literature for neurodivergent conditions, there is a paucity of evidence. Given the potential of physical adjustments to improve work and health outcomes, we highlight the necessity for more theoretically driven and methodologically sound research.
Inhibition of transient receptor potential cation channel 6 promotes capillary arterialization during post‐ischaemic blood flow recovery
Authors: Numaga‐Tomita Takuro , Shimauchi Tsukasa , Kato Yuri , Nishiyama Kazuhiro , Nishimura Akiyuki , Sakata Kosuke , Inada Hiroyuki , Kita Satomi , Iwamoto Takahiro , Nabekura Junichi , Birnbaumer Lutz , Mori Yasuo , Nishida Motohiro 
Published: September 2022

Background and PurposeCapillary arterialization, characterized by the coverage of pre‐existing or nascent capillary vessels with vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), is critical for the development of collateral arterioles to improve post‐ischaemic blood flow. We previously demonstrated that the inhibition of transient receptor potential 6 subfamily C, member 6 (TRPC6) channels facilitate contractile differentiation of VSMCs under ischaemic stress. We here investigated whether TRPC6 inhibition promotes post‐ischaemic blood flow recovery through capillary arterialization in vivo.Experimental ApproachMice were subjected to hindlimb ischaemia by ligating left femoral artery. The recovery rate of peripheral blood flow was calculated by the ratio of ischaemic left leg to non‐ischaemic right one. The number and diameter of blood vessels were analysed by immunohistochemistry. Expression and phosphorylation levels of TRPC6 proteins were determined by western blotting and immunohistochemistry.Key ResultsAlthough the post‐ischaemic blood flow recovery is reportedly dependent on endothelium‐dependent relaxing factors, systemic TRPC6 deletion significantly promoted blood flow recovery under the condition that nitric oxide or prostacyclin production were inhibited, accompanying capillary arterialization. Cilostazol, a clinically approved drug for peripheral arterial disease, facilitates blood flow recovery by inactivating TRPC6 via phosphorylation at Thr69 in VSMCs. Furthermore, inhibition of TRPC6 channel activity by pyrazole‐2 (Pyr2; BTP2; YM‐58483) promoted post‐ischaemic blood flow recovery in Apolipoprotein E‐knockout mice.Conclusion and ImplicationsSuppression of TRPC6 channel activity in VSMCs could be a new strategy for the improvement of post‐ischaemic peripheral blood circulation.
Synergistic augmentation of rhythmic myogenic contractions of human stomach by arginine vasopressin and adrenaline: Implications for the induction of nausea
Authors: Makwana Raj , Crawley Ellie , Straface Marilisa , Palmer Alexandra , Gharibans Armen , Devalia Kalpana , Loy John , O'Grady Greg , Andrews Paul L. R. , Sanger Gareth J. 
Published: September 2022

Background and PurposeNausea is associated with the hormonal secretion of vasopressin and adrenaline, although their actions in inducing nausea is poorly understood. Here, we have investigated their actions on human stomach muscle.Experimental ApproachMuscle strips were suspended in tissue baths and neuronal‐/non‐neuronally‐mediated contractions were measured. Custom software analysed eight motility parameters defining spontaneous phasic non‐neuronally mediated contractions. Receptor distributions were assessed by qPCR and immunofluorescence.Key ResultsV1A receptors and α1‐adrenoceptors were located on muscle as well as interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs). Myogenic contractions of human proximal and distal stomach (respectively, 2.6 ± 0.1 and 2.7 ± 0.0 per minute; n = 44) were larger in the distal area (1.1 ± 0.1 and 5.0 ± 0.1 mN), developing relatively slowly (proximal) or rapidly (distal). Vasopressin caused tonic (proximal) or short‐lived (distal) increases in muscle tone and increased myogenic contraction amplitude, frequency and rate (acting at V1A receptors; thresholds 10−11–10−10 M); by contrast, cholinergically mediated contractions were unaffected. Oxytocin acted similarly to vasopressin but less potently, at OT receptors). Adrenaline increased (10−10–10−5 M; α1‐adrenoceptors) and decreased (≥10−6 M; β‐adrenoceptors) muscle tone and enhanced/reduced myogenic contractions. Cholinergically mediated contractions were reduced (α2‐adrenoceptors). Combined, vasopressin (10−9 M) and adrenaline (10−8 M) increased muscle tone and phasic myogenic activity in a synergistic manner.Conclusions and ImplicationsVasopressin and adrenaline increased human gastric tone and myogenic contraction amplitude, rate of contraction and frequency. In combination, their actions were further increased in a synergistic manner. Such activity may promote nausea.
Hydrostatic pore water pressure revisited
Authors: Stewart Simon A. , Albertz Markus 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHydrostatic or “normal” pressure can be easily visualized as a water column with pressure given by ρgh and any departures classified as abnormal pressure. This is the basis for commonly used hydrostatic pressure depth trends in sedimentary basins that are constructed on assumptions of constant gradients and are datumed at mean sea level or ground level. But the straightforward water column concept does not upscale in a simple way to sedimentary basins where the zones of interest are several thousands of metres below the land or sea surface. Sedimentary basins are heterogeneous, including stacked, confined reservoirs and variations in pore water composition. It is possible to construct pressure‐depth profiles that honour the geology and hydrostratigraphy of a basin and these give different hydrostatic baselines from simple constant gradients hung from familiar local datums such as ground level. Key steps are using a reservoir‐specific datums such as the water table or potentiometric surface relevant to that unit, then building a pressure‐depth trend that represents the pore fluid salinity variation and density profile throughout the reservoir unit. At a given depth, this version of hydrostatic may predict pressures several hundred psi different from a single density gradient hung from a datum local to the well, and exhibit a notched profile reflecting the geological and hydrological stratigraphy. This construct redefines normal and abnormal pore fluid pressures in sedimentary basins. The impacts of this alternative approach to sedimentary basin hydrostatics, even if data are limited and pressure profiles have to be framed probabilistically, extend to many aspects of studying and interacting with fluid systems in sedimentary basins including basin modelling, petroleum systems analysis, well planning and well operations.
Strengthening parental self‐efficacy and resilience: A within‐subject experimental study with refugee parents of adolescents
Authors: Eltanamly Hend , Leijten Patty , van Roekel Eeske , Mouton Benedicte , Pluess Michael , Overbeek Geertjan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPost‐migration stress and parenting adolescents can reduce parental self‐efficacy. This study tested the effects of strengthening parental self‐efficacy in refugee parents of adolescents and whether this makes parental self‐efficacy less impacted by post‐migration stressors. Using a within‐subject experimental design, experience sampling data were collected in 2019 from 53 refugee parents of adolescents (Mage = 39.7, SDage = 5.59, 73% Syrian, 70% mothers) in the Netherlands. Data were analyzed by dynamic structural equation modeling using interrupted time‐series analysis. The single‐session personalized intervention strengthened parental self‐efficacy (small effect: between case standardized mean difference = 0.09) and made refugee parents less vulnerable to post‐migration stressors. Findings suggest that parental self‐efficacy is malleable and strengthening it fosters refugee parents' resilience. Replications with longer‐term follow‐ups are needed.
Family involvement in child welfare services: The association between socio‐economic status and self‐reported parenting practices
Authors: Fævelen Malin , Fauske Halvor , Kojan Bente Heggem , Kaasbøll Jannike 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn child welfare policies, as in contemporary society in general, great attention has been given to parenting roles and investing in ‘positive’ parenting practices. Several studies have suggested that socio‐economic factors frame parenting practices. There is broad evidence of a significant correlation between socio‐economic inequalities and child welfare intervention rates. Nevertheless, few studies have investigated parenting practices in a child welfare population. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between socio‐economic status (SES) and parenting practices in a Norwegian child welfare population. The study was based on a cross‐sectional survey conducted in 2018–2019. The sample consisted of 256 parents (71.5% females). Linear regression analysis, adjusting for potential confounding and intermediate factors, was conducted. Lower SES was associated with higher levels of positive parenting/involvement practices (b = 0.146, CI: 0.026–0.266, P = 0.018), indicating an inverse pattern compared with the general population. When adjusting for symptoms of anxiety and depression, the association was slightly attenuated but remained statistically significant. No significant association was found between SES and inconsistent discipline/other disciplinary practices. The present study offers insights that should be useful in practice and further large‐scale studies.
The effect of age and disease duration on the efficacy of subthalamic nuclei deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease patients
Authors: Du Tingting , Yuan Tianshuo , Zhu Guanyu , Ma Ruoyu , Zhang Xin , Chen Yingchuan , Zhang Jianguo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have reported the effects of age and disease duration on the efficacy of subthalamic nuclei deep brain stimulation (STN‐DBS) of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. However, available data involving these issues are not consistent. In particular, the effect of age and disease duration on the initial efficacy of STN‐DBS has not been established.MethodsA total of 51 patients with PD treated with bilateral STN‐DBS were involved in the present study. They received clinical symptom evaluation during the preoperative, initial, and chronic stages of surgery. The correlations between age when undergoing surgery/age at disease onset/disease duration and outcomes of STN‐DBS were measured.ResultsThe preoperative levodopa response was negatively associated with age. During the initial stage, the age when undergoing surgery and age at disease onset were negatively correlated with the effect on bradykinesia, with better symptom control of general symptoms in long‐term disease patients. Similarly, patients with an early time of surgery and disease onset and long‐term disease duration showed better control of bradykinesia and axial symptoms at the chronic stage. Furthermore, a long‐term disease duration and early disease onset benefited from an increase of therapeutic efficacy in general, rigid, and axial symptoms with STN‐DBS after a long period. Nevertheless, patients with late disease onset achieved a better relief of stigma.ConclusionAge and disease durations played a unique role in controlling the symptoms of PD patients treated with STN‐DBS. These results may contribute to patient selection and adjustments of expectations of surgery, based on the age, disease duration, and different symptoms.
Role of time from transplantation to biopsy in histologic ABMR: A single center report
Authors: Chancay Jorge , Liu Caroline , Chauhan Kinsuk , Andersen Lisa , Harris Cynthia , Coca Steven , Delaney Veronica , Tedla Fasika , De Boccardo Graciela , Sehgal Vinita , Moledina Dennis , Formica Richard , Reghuvaran Anand , Banu Khadija , Florman Sander , Akalin Enver , Shapiro Ron , Salem Fadi , Menon Madhav C. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundAllograft biopsies with lesions of Antibody‐Mediated Rejection (ABMR) with Microvascular Inflammation (MVI) have shown heterogeneous etiologies and outcomes.MethodsTo examine factors associated with outcomes in biopsies that meet histologic ABMR criteria, we retrospectively evaluated for‐cause biopsies at our center between 2011 and 2017. We included biopsies that met the diagnosis of ABMR by histology, along with simultaneous evaluation for anti‐Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) donor‐specific antibodies (DSA). We evaluated death‐censored graft loss (DCGL) and used a principal component analysis (PCA) approach to identify key predictors of outcomes.ResultsOut of the histologic ABMR cohort (n = 118), 70 were DSA‐positive ABMR, while 48 had no DSA. DSA(+)ABMR were younger and more often female recipients. DSA(+)ABMR occurred significantly later post‐transplant than DSA(‐)ABMR suggesting time‐dependence. DSA(+)ABMR had higher inflammatory scores (i,t), chronicity scores (ci, ct) and tended to have higher MVI scores. Immunodominance of DQ‐DSA in DSA(+)ABMR was associated with higher i+t scores. Clinical/histologic factors significantly associated with DCGL after biopsy were inputted into the PCA. Principal component‐1 (PC‐1), which contributed 34.8% of the variance, significantly correlated with time from transplantation to biopsy, ci/ct scores and DCGL. In the PCA analyses, i, t scores, DQ‐DSA, and creatinine at biopsy retained significant correlations with GL‐associated PCs.ConclusionsTime from transplantation to biopsy plays a major role in the prognosis of biopsies with histologic ABMR and MVI, likely due to ongoing chronic allograft injury over time.
In‐plane guided upper arm arteriovenous fistula cannulation with color ultrasound
Authors: Wu Aichun , Huang Hai , Zhang Huang , Li Hongbing 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe blood vessel in the upper extremity arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is deep in the tissue, and cannulation in AVF is frequently associated with blood oozing, hematoma, or aneurysm. This study evaluated the performance of color ultrasound in‐plane guided cannulation technique during upper extremity high‐AVF cannulation in patients with hemodialysis.MethodsA total of 40 patients with hemodialysis who needed cannulation in upper extremity AVF were recruited in the study, and the patients were randomly divided into observation group and control group. Color Doppler ultrasound was used to guide cannulation in the observation group and in the control group blind cannulation method was applied. The success rate of one‐time cannulation, the incidence of subcutaneous hematoma, oozing, and pain caused by incorrect fistula cannulation as well as the satisfaction score of the patients were compared to evaluate the effect and advantages of color ultrasound‐guided cannulation.ResultsThe one‐time success rate of internal fistula cannulation in the observation group (98.71%) was significantly higher than that in the control group (88.27%). The incidence rates of hematoma, oozing, pain, and total failure events were significantly reduced in the observation group. The average satisfaction degree in the observation group was also significantly higher than that of the control group.ConclusionUltrasonic‐guided cannulation effectively enhances the success rate of cannulation in upper extremity AVF, reduces the incidence of cannulation failures, and improves the satisfaction level in the patients.