bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contemporary machine learning applications in agriculture: Quo Vadis?
Authors: Mahmood Atif , Tiwari Amod Kumar , Singh Sanjay Kumar , Udmale Sandeep S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAgricultural automation is an emerging subject today to accomplish the food demands of individuals across the globe. Machine learning is one such agricultural automation tool that has been adopted briskly in the recent decade due to its ability to process countless input data and handle non‐linear tasks. Availability and continuous development of agricultural data led the machine learning pervasive in multiple aspects of agriculture. This paper systematically analyses and summarizes the 81 quality research efforts published in the past decade dedicated to the various contemporary machine learning applications in agriculture and food production systems. We examined and categorized each agricultural problem under study into four categories and each category into its subcategories. The finding demonstrates the contemporary applications of machine learning in broad agricultural subcategories and determines where it is heading shortly; based upon contributions of researchers, utilization of machine learning models/algorithms, and the availability of agricultural datasets. Through the analysis, it is discovered that the current innovation can help the improvement of agricultural automation to accomplish the advantages of minimal cost, high efficiency, and better precision. This paper can serve as an investigatory guide for researchers, academicians, engineers, and manufacturers to understand and apply modern and upgraded cognitive technologies to each subcategory of the agricultural sector.
Energetic Ordering of Hydrogen Bond Strengths in Methanol‐Water Clusters: Insights via Molecular Tailoring Approach
Authors: Patkar Deepak , Ahirwar Mini Bharati , Deshmukh Milind M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this work, we examine the strength of various types of individual hydrogen bond (HB) in mixed methanol‐water MnWm, (n+m=2 to 7) clusters, with an aim to understand the relative order of their strength, using our recently proposed molecular tailoring‐based approach (MTA). Among all the types of HB, it is observed that the OM−H…OW HBs are the strongest (6.9 to 12.4 kcal mol−1). The next ones are OM−H…OM HBs (6.5 to 11.6 kcal mol−1). The OW−H…OW (0.2 to 10.9 kcal mol−1) and OW−H…OM HBs (0.3 to 10.3 kcal mol−1) are the weakest ones. This energetic ordering of HBs is seen to be different from the respective HB energies in the dimer i. e., OM−H…OM (5.0 to 6.0 kcal mol−1)>OW−H…OM (1.5 to 6.0 kcal mol−1)>OM−H…OW (3.8 to 5.6 kcal mol−1)>OW−H…OW (1.2 to 5.0 kcal mol−1). The plausible reason for the difference in the HB energy ordering may be attributed to the increase or decrease in HB strengths due to the formation of cooperative or anti‐cooperative HB networks. For instance, the cooperativity contribution towards the different types of HB follows: OM−H…OW (2.4 to 8.6 kcal mol−1)>OM−H…OM (1.3 to 6.3 kcal mol−1)>OW−H…OW (−1.0 to 6.5 kcal mol−1)>OW−H…OM (−1.2 to 5.3 kcal mol−1). This ordering of cooperativity contribution is similar to the HB energy ordering obtained by the MTA‐based method. It is emphasized here that, the interplay between the cooperative and anti‐cooperative contributions are indispensable for the correct energetic ordering of these HBs.
Diagnostic value of endometrial cytology and related technology
Authors: Munakata Satoru 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundEndometrial cytology is not much popular in the world, but is commonly used in a few countries. Although cytomorphological evaluation of endometrial cytology is complicating, recent advance in technology helps improve diagnostic accuracy. In addition, new reporting system, The Yokohama System, has been introduced as a standard reporting system resembling The Bethesda System of the uterine cervical cytology. Although sample standardization is one of the causes in diagnostic problem, it was solved by liquid‐based cytology (LBC) technology. In addition, standardized diagnostic algorithm by cytomorphological assessment of LBC samples, the Osaki Study Group (OSG) method, was recently proposed as a reliable and reproducible method. LBC can be utilized for ancillary methods. Application of immunocytochemistry and molecular technology on endometrial cytology samples has been studied to improve diagnostic accuracy. Recent progress of molecular technology has revealed many driver gene mutations in endometrial cancer and its precursors. Surprisingly, many studies revealed that even normal endometrial tissue had driver gene mutations.ConclusionBased on the recent advance in knowledge of molecular profile of endometrial lesions and normal endometrial tissue, endometrial cytology will gain much power in clinical usefulness.
In pursuit of biomarkers for predicting susceptibility to activity‐based anorexia in adolescent female rats
Authors: Milton Laura Karina , Patton Timothy , O'Keeffe Meredith , Oldfield Brian John , Foldi Claire Jennifer 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveIdentifying risk factors that contribute to the development of anorexia nervosa (AN) is critical for the implementation of early intervention strategies. Anxiety, obsessive–compulsive behavior, and immune dysfunction may be involved in the development of AN; however, their direct influence on susceptibility to the condition remains unclear. Here, we used the activity‐based anorexia (ABA) model to examine whether activity, anxiety‐like behavior, compulsive behavior, and circulating immune markers predict the subsequent development of pathological weight loss.MethodFemale Sprague–Dawley rats (n = 44) underwent behavioral testing before exposure to ABA conditions after which they were separated into susceptible and resistant subpopulations. Blood was sampled before behavioral testing and after recovery from ABA to screen for proinflammatory cytokines.ResultsRats that were vulnerable to pathological weight loss differed significantly from resistant rats on all key ABA parameters. While the primary measures of anxiety‐like or compulsive behavior were not shown to predict vulnerability to ABA, increased locomotion and anxiety‐like behavior were both associated with the extent of weight loss in susceptible but not resistant animals. Moreover, the change in expression of proinflammatory markers IL‐4 and IL‐6 evoked by ABA was associated with discrete vulnerability factors. Intriguingly, behavior related to risk assessment was shown to predict vulnerability to ABA.DiscussionWe did not find undisputable behavioral or immune predictors of susceptibility to pathological weight loss in the ABA rat model. Future research should examine the role of cognition in the development of ABA, dysfunction of which may represent an endophenotype linking anorectic, anxiety‐like and compulsive behavior.Public SignificanceAnorexia nervosa (AN) has among the highest mortality rates of all psychiatric disorders and treatment options remain limited in their efficacy. Understanding what types of risk factors contribute to the development of AN is essential for implementing early intervention strategies. This study describes how some of the most common psychological features of AN could be used to predict susceptibility to pathological weight loss in a well‐established animal model.
Discriminating ecological processes affecting different dimensions of α‐ and β‐diversity in desert plant communities
Authors: Jiang Lamei , Hu Dong , Wang Hengfang , Lv Guanghui 
Published: March 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the spatial distribution of plant diversity and its drivers are major challenges in biogeography and conservation biology. Integrating multiple facets of biodiversity (e.g., taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional biodiversity) may advance our understanding on how community assembly processes drive the distribution of biodiversity. In this study, plant communities in 60 sampling plots in desert ecosystems were investigated. The effects of local environment and spatial factors on the species, functional, and phylogenetic α‐ and β‐diversity (including turnover and nestedness components) of desert plant communities were investigated. The results showed that functional and phylogenetic α‐diversity were negatively correlated with species richness, and were significantly positively correlated with each other. Environmental filtering mainly influenced species richness and Rao quadratic entropy; phylogenetic α‐diversity was mainly influenced by dispersal limitation. Species and phylogenetic β‐diversity were mainly consisted of turnover component. The functional β‐diversity and its turnover component were mainly influenced by environmental factors, while dispersal limitation dominantly effected species and phylogenetic β‐diversity and their turnover component of species and phylogenetic β‐diversity. Soil organic carbon and soil pH significantly influenced different dimensions of α‐diversity, and soil moisture, salinity, organic carbon, and total nitrogen significantly influenced different dimensions of α‐ and β‐diversity and their components. Overall, it appeared that the relative influence of environmental and spatial factors on taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity differed at the α and β scales. Quantifying α‐ and β‐diversity at different biodiversity dimensions can help researchers to more accurately assess patterns of diversity and community assembly.
Impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on prescription of sacubitril/valsartan in Italy
Authors: Rosano Giuseppe M.C. , Celant Simone , Olimpieri Pier Paolo , Colatrella Antonietta , Onder Graziano , Di Lenarda Andrea , Ambrosio Giuseppe , Reboldi Gianpaolo , Gensini Gian Franco , Colivicchi Furio , Russo Pierluigi 
Published: March 2022

AimsThe present study sought to examine the effect of the COVID‐19 pandemic and lockdown measures on the prescription of sacubitril/valsartan in patients with heart failure (HF) in Italy.Methods and resultsData from Italian Medicines Agency (AIFA) monitoring registries were analysed. The sacubitril/valsartan monitoring registry is based on 6‐month prescriptions. A monthly aggregation on new activations throughout the observational period was computed. From March to December 2020, the initiation of new HF patients on sacubitril/valsartan decreased by nearly 40% with prescriptions dropping to values similar to 2018 when the registry was still operated off‐line. A slight increase in prescriptions was observed after the lockdown measures were lifted, but prescriptions remained constantly below the pre‐lockdown period.ConclusionA marked and worrisome decline during the COVID‐19 pandemic in the activation of a life‐saving treatment such as sacubitril/valsartan was observed. This decline was clearly linked to the lockdown measures instated to counteract the COVID‐19 pandemic. Upcoming studies should analyse the occurrence of new cases of HF as well as the severity of patients admitted to hospitals and their mortality compared to pre‐pandemic levels.
ChAdOx1‐S adenoviral vector vaccine applied intranasally elicits superior mucosal immunity compared to the intramuscular route of vaccination
Authors: Cokarić Brdovčak Maja , Materljan Jelena , Šustić Marko , Ravlić Sanda , Ružić Tina , Lisnić Berislav , Miklić Karmela , Brizić Ilija , Pribanić Matešić Marina , Juranić Lisnić Vanda , Halassy Beata , Rončević Dobrica , Knežević Zdravka , Štefan Leo , Bertoglio Federico , Schubert Maren , Čičin‐Šain Luka , Markotić Alemka , Jonjić Stipan , Krmpotić Astrid 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCOVID‐19 vaccines prevent severe forms of the disease, but do not warrant complete protection against breakthrough infections. This could be due to suboptimal mucosal immunity at the site of virus entry, given that all currently approved vaccines are administered via the intramuscular route. In this study, we assessed humoral and cellular immune responses in BALB/c mice after intranasal and intramuscular immunization with adenoviral vector ChAdOx1‐S expressing full‐length Spike protein of SARS‐CoV‐2. We showed that both routes of vaccination induced a potent IgG antibody response, as well as robust neutralizing capacity, but intranasal vaccination elicited a superior IgA antibody titer in the sera and in the respiratory mucosa. Bronchoalveolar lavage from intranasally immunized mice efficiently neutralized SARS‐CoV‐2, which has not been the case in intramuscularly immunized group. Moreover, substantially higher percentages of epitope‐specific CD8 T cells exhibiting a tissue resident phenotype were found in the lungs of intranasally immunized animals. Finally, both intranasal and intramuscular vaccination with ChAdOx1‐S efficiently protected the mice after the challenge with recombinant herpesvirus expressing the Spike protein. Our results demonstrate that intranasal application of adenoviral vector ChAdOx1‐S induces superior mucosal immunity and therefore could be a promising strategy for putting the COVID‐19 pandemic under control.
Iron‐Catalyzed Dehydrogenation of Alcohols Using Benzoquinones as Electrochemically Regenerable Mediators
Authors: Ritz Mikhaila D. , Jones William D. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe efficient and atom economical iron‐catalyzed dehydrogenation of alcohols using benzoquinones as electrochemically regenerable mediators has been developed. In this work, an iron cyclopentadienone complex was electrochemically studied and tested for its effectiveness within this system. This methodology was then extended to various secondary and primary alcohols affording moderate to good yields of product.
Enhancing signals of microfluidic impedance cytometry through optimization of microelectrode array
Authors: Zhou Chenyang , Shen Hailong , Feng Huicheng , Yan Zhibin , Ji Bowen , Yuan Xichen , Zhang Ruirong , Chang Honglong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMicrofluidic impedance cytometry shows a great value in biomedical diagnosis. However, the crosstalk between neighboring microelectrodes strongly weakens the impedance signal. Hereby, we demonstrate a novel microfluidic impedance cytometer consisted of sensing electrodes and ground electrodes (GNDs). The simulation reveals a signal enhancement by more than five times with GNDs compared to that without ones. We also found that the linear correlation between the impedance at a high frequency and that at a low frequency varies as microparticle size changes, which can be used for microparticle classification. The study can help with microelectrode optimization and signal processing for microfluidic impedance analysis.
Experimental investigation on the effects of using ethanol with biodiesel and diesel blends along with exhaust gas recirculation and magnetization of fuel in the diesel engine
Authors: Chandravanshi Ajay , Pandey Shrikant , Malviya Rakesh Kumar 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWith the utilization of biodiesel as fuel in diesel engines, performance parameters reduce while certain emissions like NOx increases. This study presents the extensive investigation on utilizing biodiesel blends, ethanol, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), and magnetization of fuel (MF, 3000 Gauss) in a four‐stroke, single‐cylinder vertical diesel engine to get an optimum level of performance and emission characteristics. In this investigation, biodiesel blends, ethanol, and diesel have been used as fuel. EGR has been used with the BD20E5 (Fuel blends containing 20% biodiesel, 75% diesel, and 5% ethanol) blend only. The results of this experimental investigation show that there are increases of 0.36% and 0.33% in brake power and decreases of 4% and 5.7% in brake specific fuel consumption with BD20E5 and BD20 + MF, respectively, as compared to BD20 only. With 30%EGR and BD20E5 there is a decrease of 36.36% in NOx emission as compared to BD20E5. It is found that the use of ethanol in lower quantity (E5) in fuel blends improves performance parameters and reduces emissions of CO, NOx, and smoke as compared to unadded biodiesel blends. EGR reduces NOx emission very effectively, but at higher EGR volume (30% EGR), performance parameters deteriorate and emissions of CO, HC are higher. To overcome these penalties with higher EGR, it can be used in lower volume (10% EGR) in combination with 5% ethanol and magnetized fuel, which has given optimum results for performance as well as emission parameters.
Does fast‐food outlet density differ by area‐level disadvantage in metropolitan Perth, Western Australia?
Authors: Trapp Gina S. A. , Hooper Paula , Thornton Lukar , Kennington Kelly , Sartori Ainslie , Billingham Wesley , Bivoltsis Alexia 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIssue addressedSocio‐economic spatial patterning of fast‐food outlets can result in disparities in the availability and access of food across geographic areas, contributing to health inequalities. This study investigated whether area‐level socio‐economic disparities exist in fast‐food availability across the Perth metropolitan region of Western Australia.MethodsFast‐food outlet locations were sourced from Perth Local Governments in 2018/2019. All Perth suburbs (n = 328) were allocated a decile ranking based on the Australian Bureau of Statistics Socio‐Economic Index for Areas with decile 1 indicating relatively greater disadvantage and decile 10 indicating a relative lack of disadvantage. Zero‐inflated negative binomial regression models, adjusted for suburb area and population density, were used to investigate the association between area‐level disadvantage decile and availability of fast‐food outlets.ResultsA socio‐economic gradient was identified; for every unit increase in disadvantage decile (ie a reduction in relative disadvantage), the count of fast‐food outlets decreased by 6% (P < .01), and the count of the “top ranking” fast‐food chains (ie McDonalds, KFC, Hungry Jacks and Red Rooster) decreased by 10% (P < .001).ConclusionsConsistent with evidence internationally and from within Australia, socio‐economic spatial patterning of fast‐food outlet availability was shown to exist in Perth, with greater fast‐food availability in areas with more relative socio‐economic disadvantage.So what?To address health inequities associated with fast‐food consumption, policy and practice changes are needed that manage fast‐food outlet proliferation in areas of greater socio‐economic disadvantage.
Assessing changes in total water storage in two large freshwater lake basins of China
Authors: Zhang Dan , Liu Xiaomang , Li Xianghu , Bai Peng , Li Jiayun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe quantitative assessment of changes in total water storage (TWS) is of great significance for regional water resources management in basins with large lakes. Here, the basins of Poyang Lake and Dongting Lake, the two largest freshwater lakes in China, were selected to assess TWS changes using multi‐source datasets. The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) TWS anomalies (TWSA) increased by 8.8 mm a−2 (p < 0.01) and 8.3 mm a−2 (p < 0.01) from 2003 to 2016 for the Poyang Lake Basin (PYLB) and Dongting Lake Basin (DTLB), respectively. Four major components, namely lake water storage, soil moisture storage, groundwater storage and reservoir storage, contributed positively to the TWSA increase in the two lake basins. The TWSA increase was dominated by groundwater storage increase (52.6%) over PYLB and by reservoir storage increase (47.4%) over DTLB. The increases in soil moisture storage contributed 22.4% and 27.6% to TWSA changes for PYLB and DTLB, respectively, which were mainly caused by increases in precipitation. The contributions of lake water storage to TWSA increases were only 4.3% and 1.3% in PYLB and DTLB, respectively, indicating that the impacts of water storage in natural lakes on TWS were far lower than those of reservoirs, even in basins with large lakes. The results highlight that reservoir and groundwater storage play crucial roles in TWS partitioning, suggesting that attention should be paid to the two components of land surface and hydrological simulations in highly populated lake basins under global change.
Left ventricular function and N‐terminal pro b‐type natriuretic peptide levels in women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: A prospective observational study
Authors: Verma Shivani , Malik Sunita , Bansal Sandeep 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTo evaluate left ventricular function and measure N‐terminal pro B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) levels in women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) in comparison to normotensive women and correlate these with maternal and neonatal outcomes. This was a prospective observational case–control study from 2018 to 2020 in an Indian tertiary care hospital and included antenatal women beyond 20 weeks of pregnancy with 160 women with HDP as cases and 160 normotensive women as controls. Echocardiography was performed to assess left ventricular structure and function. Quantitative analysis of NT‐proBNP levels was performed based on fluorescence immunochromatography. Women with HDP were observed to have a significant difference in the value of left ventricular structure and function (P < 0.001). Mild systolic dysfunction was found in 13 (8.1%) women in the HDP group 8 (20%) women with severe pre‐eclampsia and 5 (33.3%) women with eclampsia). Significantly lower values of left ventricular ejection fraction and higher values of NT‐proBNP were recorded in women with HDP who developed maternal complications and had adverse neonatal outcomes (P < 0.001). Echocardiography and NT‐proBNP levels have been shown to have a significant role in women with severe forms of HDP to detect early signs of cardiac dysfunction.
Cabergoline for postpartum lactation suppression: Effect on blood pressure and pulse
Authors: Humphrey Sarah , Baechler Maeve , Schiff Melissa , Hitti Jane 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of cabergoline on maternal blood pressure and pulse immediately postpartum.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of 224 post‐partum women who delivered at the University of Washington and did not breastfeed. Women who received 1 mg cabergoline within 48 h post‐partum were compared to unexposed non‐breastfeeding women. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure and pulse were assessed at 4‐h intervals up to 24 h after cabergoline administration, and compared to unexposed women using delivery as the reference time point. Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure and pulse were compared using linear regression and 95% confidence intervals, adjusting for age, indication for lactation suppression and weeks' gestation at delivery.ResultsCabergoline‐exposed women had lower mean systolic blood pressure at all time intervals. The maximum systolic blood pressure decrease with cabergoline was −10.88 mmHg (95% confidence interval −18.15 to −3.61) at >20–24 h. Mean diastolic blood pressure among cabergoline‐exposed women decreased by −8.15 mmHg (95% confidence interval −13.94 to −2.36) at >20–24 h only. We found no significant difference in maternal pulse. Cabergoline was well tolerated with no adverse effects observed.ConclusionCabergoline has minimal clinically‐relevant hemodynamic effects and was well tolerated among normotensive postpartum women.