bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of Anthocyanin Biosynthesis Pathway Genes PAL and CHS in Colored Potato Tuber
Authors: Shang Lina , Wan Mengyuan , Fu Yi , Liu Rongrong , Jin Zhonghui , Wang Jichun , Hu Baigeng , Jian Hongju , Lyu Dianqiu 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Colored potato tubers are rich in anthocyanins, which are of great values for human health. Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and chalcone synthase (CHS) play key roles in anthocyanin synthesis pathway. The PAL and CHS genes have been characterized in several plant species, but a comprehensive analysis of these two gene families in potato has not yet been reported.
Results
In this study, Eight StuPAL and 12 StuCHS genes were identified. Except for StuPAL4, StuPAL8, StuCHS3 and StuCHS7, which did not contain introns, the other members of the PAL and CHS family all contained 1-2 intron. The motif characteristics of StuPAL4 and StuPAL8 were different from those of other members, but both of them contained L-Aspartase-like feature domains. In addition, the number of StuPAL genes in potato genome was twice that of Arabidopsis genome, suggesting that genome duplication may occur during the evolution of potato. In the CHS family, the motif characteristics of StuCHS3 and StuCHS7 were different from other members, and StuCHS5 only contained three motifs. All StuCHS genes members contained Chal_sti_synt_C or Chal_sti_synt_N characteristic structures. Furthermore, 68 and 61 miRNA targets were predicted in StuPAL and StuCHS genes, respectively, indicating that their functions were accurately regulated. A number of cis-acting elements in response to environmental stresses were identified in the promoter sequences of StuPAL and StuCHS genes, indicating that their expression level was precisely regulated. The anthocyanin content in peel and pulp among three colored potato varieties was measured. Different expression patterns in different organs were observed for StuPAL and StuCHS genes. Interestingly, StuPAL and StuCHS genes exhibited differential expression in peel and pulp. StuPAL genes were mainly expressed in the peel of colored potato, but almost not expressed in the pulp. It was speculated that StuPAL genes were mainly involved in the synthesis of anthocyanins in the colored potato tuber peel. However, the expression of StuCHS family genes were quite different in the peel and pulp of colored potato.
Conclusion
In this work, the function of potato anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway genes was initially analyzed, which laid the foundation for further clarifying the molecular mechanism in colored potato.
Jiinshihoto May Improve Immunity by Improving Depression in Patients With Mild Pulmonary Mycobacterium Avium-intracellulare Complex Disease: a Preliminary Study
Authors: Yamaguchi Makiko , Waseda Yuko , Ogawa-Ochiai Keiko , Kimura Satomi , Yamaoka Koji , Kurokawa Kosuke , Chikazawa Ryo , Takeda Toshihiro , Sato Masayuki , Nakashima Koki , Mitsui Miho , Shimada Akikazu , Sonoda Tomoaki , Honjo Chisato , Kadowaki Maiko , Umeda Yukihiro , Anzai Masaki , Ishizuka Tamotsu 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: In Japan, pulmonary Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (MAC) disease is highly prevalent. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Jiinshihoto (JST) for treating pulmonary MAC disease. Methods: Twenty-four patients, not receiving standard treatment for pulmonary MAC disease, were enrolled in this study; of these, 21 patients (3 patients dropped out of the study) were eligible and selected to participate. They were administered JST (3.0 g; Tsumura Co., Tokyo, Japan) three times per day for 12 months. Their weight, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease assessment test (CAT) score, NK cell activity, chest computed tomography (CT) results, blood sample results, Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) scores, and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) scores were measured: (i) before JST administration, (ii) after 3 months, and (iii) at the end of the study. Results: Before JST administration, the exacerbation group (n = 10 patients; 6 patients with worsened conditions at the end of the study and 4 patients who were switched to standard treatment during the study because of exacerbation) had a significantly low body mass index (BMI), mild depression, and high anxiety. The overall patient population showed no significant differences in the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease assessment score, body weight, or natural killer cell activity after 3 months of treatment; however, the SDS score improved significantly. At the end of treatment, the nutritional scores had worsened, but the SDS score improved significantly. Specifically, the SDS scores improved significantly only in the non-exacerbation group (n = 11 patients), and natural killer cell activity improved in the non-exacerbation group. Additionally, a comparison of the data of both groups before and after JST administration showed that the exacerbation group had significantly lower BMI and worse CT scores when using a BMI cutoff of 18.4 (sensitivity, 81.8%; specificity, 70%). Conclusion: Patients with a high BMI and low CT score at the time of initial diagnosis may benefit from JST treatment, which may significantly improve depression and immunity and prevent disease progression. Therefore, JST may be an effective treatment in selected pulmonary MAC patients.Trial registration: This study has been registered in the UMIN-Clinical Trials Registry (000033590, August 1, 2018).
The Epidemiology and Trends in the Burden of Burns throughout the World
Authors: Lu Shuling , Yakupu Aobuliaximu , Zhang Jie , Dong Wei , Song Fei , Dong Jiaoyun 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background Burns are a type of injuries, caused by unintentional exposure to substances of high temperature, including hot liquid, solid, and objects radiating heat energy, placing a high burden not only on patients’ families but also on national healthcare systems globally. It is difficult for policymakers and clinicians to formulate targeted management strategies for burns because data on current epidemiological patterns worldwide are lacking. Methods Data on burns were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 Study. The incidence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and deaths of burns in 204 countries and regions from 1990 to 2019 were calculated and stratified by sex, age, geographical location, and sociodemographic index (SDI). The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) of incidence, DALYs, and deaths was calculated to evaluate the temporal trends. All analyses were performed using R software, version 4.1.1, with 2-sided P-values < .05 indicating a statistically significant difference.Results A total of 8,378,122 new cases (95% UI, 10,363,109–6,531,887 cases) of burns were identified globally in 2019, which is almost evenly split between men and women, and most of the new cases were concentrated in the 10–19-year age group. Besides, burns account for 111292 deaths (95% UI, 132,392–88,188) globally in 2019, most of which were concentrated in those aged 1–4 years. The burden of burns measured in DALYs was 7,460,448.65 (95% UI, 9,478,717.81–5,794,505.89) in 2019, of which 67% and 33% could be attributed to YLLs and YLDs, respectively. The EAPC of incidence, DALYs, and deaths were negative, the age-standardized rate (ASR) of incidence, DALYs, and deaths were considered to be decreasing in most of the regions, and the EAPCs were negatively correlated with SDI levels, universal health coverage (UHC), and gross domestic product (GDP).Conclusion Globally, the burden of burns was decreased gradually from 1990 to 2019 and was considered to be decreasing in most of the regions. And from the relationship of EAPCs with SDI levels, universal health coverage (UHC), and gross domestic product (GDP), it can be found that the ASRs of burns decreased as the economy developed and a country’s healthcare system performance improved. These phenomena suggest that national healthcare systems need to increase funding for burns prevention and intervention strategies.
The Dynamics of Leech Infestation in Livestock and Control Practices in the North Gondar Zone, Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Gemeda Bodena , Maru Moges , Ayele Abraham , Tarekegn Zewdu Seyoum , Dagnaw Gashaw Getaneh , Nigatu Seleshi , Wondie Abibo , Kebede Elias , Kindie Tigist , Alemayehu Abiy Maru , Yismaw Nega , Dagnachew Shimelis 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In developing countries such as Ethiopia, leech infestation is a neglected parasitic disease of livestock. Although such studies are important, little attention has been paid to the occurrence, impact and risk factors of leech infestation in livestock in Ethiopia. The objective of the current study was to assess farmers' knowledge of leech infestation and control practices, and to estimate the prevalence and risk factors of leech infestation in domestic animals in northwestern Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted in three districts of North Gondar Zone from February 2021 to August 2021. Livestock (n=2040) and 300 respondents for questionnaire survey were randomly selected. According to the results of the questionnaire survey, 98.67% of the respondents were aware of leech infestation, the effects of leeches and the locally available control methods. Cattle had the highest prevalence (10.08%), followed by horses (3.67%), goats (2.48%), and sheep (2.02%). Using a chi-square test, a significant association was found between the prevalence of leech infestation and risk factors such as animal species, sex, age, body condition, and season (p < 0.05). Observation of the water bodies revealed that leeches become more active when the water becomes slightly warmer due to sunlight, and they become especially active when the animals want to drink from the water. The current results indicate that leech infestation is the biggest problem for livestock in the study areas, so cost-effective and environmentally friendly control methods must be used.
Impaired primordial follicle assembly in offspring ovaries from zearalenone exposed mothers involves reduced mitochondrial activity and altered epigenetics in oocytes
Authors: Feng Yan-Qin , Wang Jun-Jie , Li Ming-Hao , Tian Yu , Zhao Ai-Hong , Li Lan , De Felici Massimo , Shen Wei 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Previous works have shown that zearalenone (ZEA), as an estrogenic pollutant, has adverse effects on mammalian folliculogenesis. In the present study, we found that prolonged exposure of female mice to ZEA around the end of pregnancy, caused severe impairment of primordial follicle formation in the ovaries of newborn mice and altered the expression of many genes in oocytes as revealed by scRNA-seq. These changes were associated with morphological and molecular alterations of mitochondria, increased autophagic markers in oocytes, and epigenetic changes in the ovaries of newborn mice from ZEA exposed mothers. The latter increased expression of HDAC2 deacetylases was leading to decreased levels of H3K9ac and H4K12ac. Most of these modifications were relieved when the expression of HDAC2 in newborn ovaries was reduced by RNA interference during in vitro culture in the presence of ZEA. Such changes were also alleviated in offspring ovaries from mothers treated with both ZEA and the ubiquinone coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), which is known to be able to restore mitochondrial activities. We concluded that impaired mitochondrial activities in oocytes caused by ZEA are at the origin of metabolic alterations that modify the expression of genes controlling autophagy and primordial follicle assembly through changes in epigenetic histones.
A new open-source python script for QSAR studyand its validation of cytotoxicity activity of thiazole analogues on MCF-7 cell line
Authors: Venkatesan Jayaprakash , Thangavelu Prabha , Jubie Selvaraj , Jayapalan Sudeepan , Chaitanya MVNL , Thangavel Sivakumar 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Our present study aimed to working on trending machine learning approach with anew open-source data analysis python script for the discovery of anticancer lead via building the QSAR model by using 53 compounds of thiazole derivatives.Total of 82 CDK molecular descriptor were downloaded from “chemdes” web server and used for our study. After training the model, we checked the model performance via cross-validation of external test set. The generated QSAR model afforded the ordinary least squares (OLS) regression as R2 = 0.542, F=8.773, and adjusted R2 (Q2) =0.481, std. error = 0.061, reg.coef_ developed were of, -0.00064 (PC1), -0.07753 (PC2), -0.09078 (PC3), -0.08986 (PC4), 0.05044 (PC5), and reg.intercept_ of 4.79279 developed through statsmodels.formula module. The performance of test set prediction was done by multiple linear regression, support vector machine, and partial least square regression classifiers of sklearnmodule, whichgenerated the model score of 0.5424, 0.6422, and 0.6422, respectively. Hence, we conclude that the R2values(i.e. the model score) obtained using this script via three diverse algorithms were correlated well and there is not much difference between themand may be useful in the design of a similar group of thiazolederivatives as anticancer agents.
Beliefs And The Situated Nature of Self-Handicapping: Promoting Growth Intelligence Mindset Beliefs Reduces Behavioral Self-Handicapping
Authors: Török Lilla , Szabó Zsolt Péter , Orosz Gábor 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The present study examined the interplay between chronic intelligence beliefs, manipulated intelligence beliefs and self-handicapping processes. Prior studies showed that holding fixed intelligence theory makes one vulnerable to resorting to self-protective mechanisms such as self-handicapping, while growth intelligence mindset can serve as a protective factor for self-handicapping. However, no prior studies have examined the potential interaction between pre-experimental intelligence beliefs, the manipulation of intelligence mindsets and behavioral self-handicapping. Although in our student sample (N=101) there was no main effect of the mindset manipulations, participants with an initial fixed mindset benefited a lot from a brief growth mindset manipulation and displayed the lowest levels of behavioral self-handicapping. The mindset manipulation had less effect on self-handicapping of originally growth-mindset individuals. These laboratory results demonstrate the benefits of growth mindset triggers which can be especially beneficial to reduce self-handicapping of young adults with a fixed mindset in educational settings.
Eradication of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa and its Ecotoxicity in Freshwater Utilizing Cold Atmospheric Plasma: Is it Environmentally Safe?
Authors: sohbatzadeh farshad , Haqpanah Hanieh , Shabannejad Amir , Yazdanshenas Homayoon 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a multidrug-resistant bacterial strain with the ability to produce exotoxin A which can pose a serious threat to freshwater ecosystems by having pathogenicity against eukaryotes. Detoxification of exotoxin A and disinfection of P. aeruginosa are the main aims of this study. Using a high dosage of antibiotics might have more toxic effects on ecosystems while cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) can promise reliable, rapid, and environmentally friendly detoxification and disinfection. In this study we produced CAP reinforced by H2O2/H2O cold vapor to detoxify exotoxin A and inactivate P. aeruginosa in freshwater. We used Gammarus roeseli as the indicator of ecotoxicity in freshwater. The mortality of G. roeseli individuals elucidated that 420 s of CAP treatment under a surface dielectric barrier discharge (SDBD) set up can effectively passivize exotoxin A in freshwater by disrupting the protein structure of molecules. Ignorable side effects and changes to the physiochemical properties were observed. On the other hand, 8.2 log reduction of P. aeruginosa viable cells was observed after 300 s of treatment by SDBD. A comparison between the disinfection capacities of SDBD produced CAP and antibiotics revealed that CAP is more effective than most of the common antibiotic agents.
Comparing Two Field Methods to Measure Individual Shrubs’ Root Density Distribution and Establish Allometric Equations for Belowground Biomass
Authors: Cabal Ciro , Torres Laura Rodríguez , Marí-Mena Neus , Barreiro Antonio Más , Vizcaíno Antón , Vierna Joaquin , Valladares Fernando , Pacala Stephen W 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose: A large fraction of a plant’s biomass is thought to be belowground, especially in shrublands that typically occur in episodically water-limited climates. Nonetheless, we have no standardized method to map individual plant’s root density distribution (IRDD) and lack of easily obtainable allometric predictors of shrubland belowground biomass. This type of information is difficult to collect, especially in woody plant communities in natural conditions where roots of different individuals can be highly intermingled.Methods: We assess three methods to map IRDD of field shrubs: soil drilling to extract roots, and plant injection with dyes and microsatellite analysis for individual-level root identification. Using the resulting data, we fitted IRDD models and integrated root density predictions from the models across three-dimensional space obtaining total root biomass of shrubs. We use the resulting individual-level data to establish allometric relations based on two easy-to-measure predictors: crown biovolume and stem diameter at the ground level.Results: We found plant injection to be a highly cost-effective technique to link root fragments from a soil sample to plant individuals. We fitted power law distributions predicting aboveground and belowground biomass.Conclusions: Core drilling machines and plant injection with dyes of different colors to link root fragments from the sample pool to plant individuals represent an affordable, reliable way to study the foraging behavior of woody plants which roots are highly intermingled. The resulting allometric relations allowed us to conclude that crown biovolume is the best proxy for shrub biomass, especially belowground.
Growth of Native Plants on Mined Materials was not Improved by a Commercial Microbial Inoculant
Authors: Zhong Hongtao , Wong Wei San , Zhou Jun , Cross Adam , Lambers Hans 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background and aimsPost-mining landscapes are often lacking in a self-sustaining plant community and in a functional belowground microbial community. Inappropriate management of soil can hinder ecological restoration of mine sites. However, the potential role of microbial inoculants and plant nutrient-acquisition strategies in improving mined substrates and facilitating mine-site restoration remains relatively unexplored. We tested (1) whether a commercially-available microbial inoculant was effective in restoring biological properties of mined substrates, and (2) the effect of plant nutrient-acquisition strategies on improving the chemical properties of mined substrates for the growth of native plants.MethodsWe conducted a six-month glasshouse experiment, growing six native plant species with different nutrient-acquisition strategies and adding a commercial microbial inoculant in three substrates (topsoil, magnetite tailings and a combination of both) from an iron-ore mine site in mid-west Western Australia.ResultsThere was no significant improvement in plant growth by adding a commercially-sourced microbial inoculant. Soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen increased significantly after plant growth (main effect of species * inoculation interaction). The non-mycorrhizal disturbance-specialist plant species Maireana georgei was effective in improving hostile conditions of the tailings.ConclusionsOur results indicate that re-vegetating stockpiled topsoil using local keystone species is a desirable practice that can improve soil biological properties and benefit mine-site restoration. Commercially-available agricultural-based microbial inoculants may not be compatible for mine-site restoration using native plants, but future research using indigenous soil microbes is warranted. We recommend selecting native plant species with different nutrient-acquisition strategies and complementary traits (e.g., N-fixing and P-mobilising) when restoring mined substrates.
the influence mechanism of community-built environment on the health of the elderly: from the perspective of low-income groups
Authors: Zheng Zhenhua , Liu Wanting , Lu Yingchen , Sun Ning , Chu Yusu , Chen Hong 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background：The international community has been paying attention to the health problems of the elderly and the age-friendly community of the elderly as the population ages, but there has not been enough discussion about the internal mechanism of the community-built environment to influence the health of the elderly. Methods: In this study, descriptive statistical analysis, and structural equation Modeling (SEM) were used to make a group comparison between the elderly of different income groups. The data from this study, came from a sample survey in Shanghai, China. The study investigated the complex relationship among the community-built environment, social participation, outdoor exercise, and the health of the elderly, with a focus on the differences between in the elderly with different incomes level. Results： The study found that health difference exists among the elderly in China: the lower the income, the worse the living environment, the worse the health. Community built environment has an important impact on the health of the elderly. And the community-built environment influences the elderly's health through the intermediary role of outdoor exercise and social participation. Furthermore, the lower the elderly's income level, the stronger the direct effect of the community-built environment on their health; the higher the elderly's income level, the stronger the mediating effect of outdoor exercise and social participation on the impact of the community-built environment on their health. Community built environment play a more important role on the low-income elderly healthy.Conclusion: Governments should pay more attention to the health and living conditions of low-income elderly and take proactive steps to help them. Community design and building should pay more attention to the demands of low-income elderly groups, which will help to improve the health inequality of the elderly, consequently enhancing their overall health.
Antifungal Activity of Silver Nanoparticles on Fungal Isolates from Patients of Suspected Mucormycosis
Authors: Chatterjee Kuhu , taneja juhi , Khullar Shilpa , Pandey Anil Kumar 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Introduction: The present study aimed to investigate the antifungal activity of Silver Nanoparticles (SNPs) against agents of suspected rhino orbital mucormycosis. Methods: Thirty-two strains were isolated from Endoscopy guided nasal swab and/ or tissue biopsy after debridement/surgery on Sabouraud dextrose agar without cyclohexamide. Antifungal activity was conducted according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute’s (CLSI) guidelines, document M38-A2. The average size of silver nanoparticle was less than 10 nm. Results: Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of nanoparticles of all strains was in the concentration range of 1 μg/ml -64 μg/ml and minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC) at 16 μg/ml -512 μg/ml. Conclusion: The SNPs revealed significant antifungal activity against agents of mucormycosis.