bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic significance of laterality in lung neuroendocrine tumors
Authors: La Salvia Anna , Persano Irene , Siciliani Alessandra , Verrico Monica , Bassi Massimiliano , Modica Roberta , Audisio Alessandro , Zanata Isabella , Trabalza Marinucci Beatrice , Trevisi Elena , Puliani Giulia , Rinzivillo Maria , Parlagreco Elena , Baldelli Roberto , Feola Tiziana , Sesti Franz , Razzore Paola , Mazzilli Rossella , Mancini Massimiliano , Panzuto Francesco , Volante Marco , Giannetta Elisa , Romero Carmen , Appetecchia Marialuisa , Isidori Andrea , Venuta Federico , Ambrosio Maria Rosaria , Zatelli Maria Chiara , Ibrahim Mohsen , Colao Annamaria , Brizzi Maria Pia , García-Carbonero Rocío , Faggiano Antongiulio 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose:
Well-differentiated lung neuroendocrine tumors (Lu-NET) are classified as typical (TC) and atypical (AC) carcinoids, based on mitotic counts and necrosis. However, prognostic factors, other than tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage and the histopathological diagnosis, are still lacking. The current study is aimed to identify potential prognostic factors to better stratify lung NET, thus, improving patients’ treatment strategy and follow-up.

Methods:
A multicentric retrospective study, including 300 Lung NET, all surgically removed, from Italian and Spanish Institutions.

Results:
Median age 61 years (13–86), 37.7% were males, 25.0% were AC, 42.0% were located in the lung left parenchyma, 80.3% presented a TNM stage I-II. Mitotic count was ≥2 per 10 high-power field (HPF) in 24.7%, necrosis in 13.0%. Median overall survival (OS) was 46.1 months (0.6–323), median progression-free survival (PFS) was 36.0 months (0.3–323). Female sex correlated with a more indolent disease (T1; N0; lower Ki67; lower mitotic count and the absence of necrosis). Left-sided primary tumors were associated with higher mitotic count and necrosis. At Cox-multivariate regression model, age, left-sided tumors, nodal (N) positive status and the diagnosis of AC resulted independent negative prognostic factors for PFS and OS.

Conclusions:
This study highlights that laterality is an independent prognostic factors in Lu-NETs, with left tumors being less frequent but showing a worse prognosis than right ones. A wider spectrum of clinical and pathological prognostic factors, including TNM stage, age and laterality is suggested. These parameters could help clinicians to personalize the management of Lu-NET.
Kai-Xin-San Inhibits Tau Pathology and Neuronal Apoptosis in Aged SAMP8 Mice
Authors: Jiao Ya-Nan , Zhang Jing-Sheng , Qiao Wen-Jun , Tian Shu-Yu , Wang Yi-Bin , Wang Chun-Yan , Zhang Yan-Hui , Zhang Qi , Li Wen , Min Dong-Yu , Wang Zhan-You 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is an age-related neurological disorder. Currently, there is no effective cure for AD due to its complexity in pathogenesis. In light of the complex pathogenesis of AD, the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula Kai-Xin-San (KXS), which was used for amnesia treatment, has been proved to improve cognitive function in AD animal models. However, the active ingredients and the mechanism of KXS have not yet been clearly elucidated. In this study, network pharmacology analysis predicts that KXS yields 168 candidate compounds acting on 863 potential targets, 30 of which are associated with AD. Enrichment analysis revealed that the therapeutic mechanisms of KXS for AD are associated with the inhibition of Tau protein hyperphosphorylation, inflammation, and apoptosis. Therefore, we chose 7-month-old senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) mice as AD mouse model, which harbors the behavioral and pathological hallmarks of AD. Subsequently, the potential underlying action mechanisms of KXS on AD predicted by the network pharmacology analyses were experimentally validated in SAMP8 mice after intragastric administration of KXS for 3 months. We observed that KXS upregulated AKT phosphorylation, suppressed GSK3β and CDK5 activation, and inhibited the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway to attenuate Tau hyperphosphorylation and neuroinflammation, thus suppressing neuronal apoptosis and improving the cognitive impairment of aged SAMP8 mice. Taken together, our findings reveal a multi-component and multi-target therapeutic mechanism of KXS for attenuating the progression of AD, contributing to the future development of TCM modernization, including KXS, and broader clinical application.
Graphical abstract
Development of a wide-range and fast-response digitizing pulse signal acquisition and processing system for neutron flux monitoring on EAST
Authors: Yang Li , Cao Hong-Rui , Zhao Jin-Long , Zhang Zi-Han , Li Qiang , Wu Guo-Bin , Zhang Yong-Qiang , Zhong Guo-Qiang , Hu Li-Qun , Zhang Zi-Jun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe neutron count rate fluctuation reaches six orders of magnitude between the ohmic plasma scenario and high power of auxiliary heating on an experimental advanced superconducting tokamak (EAST). The measurement result of neutron flux monitoring (NFM) is a significant feedback parameter related to the acquisition of radiation protection-related information and rapid fluctuations in neutron emission induced by plasma magnetohydrodynamic activity. Therefore, a wide range and high time resolution are required for the NFM system on EAST. To satisfy these requirements, a digital pulse signal acquisition and processing system with a wide dynamic range and fast response time was developed. The present study was conducted using a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) and peripheral component interconnect extension for instrument express (PXIe) platform. The digital dual measurement modes, which are composed of the pulse-counting mode and AC coupled square integral’s Campbelling mode, were designed to expand the measurement range of the signal acquisition and processing system. The time resolution of the signal acquisition and processing system was improved from 10 to 1 ms owing to utilizing high-speed analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), a high-speed PXIe communication with a direct memory access (DMA) mode, and online data preprocessing technology of FPGA. The signal acquisition and processing system was tested experimentally in the EAST radiation field. The test results showed that the time resolution of NFM was improved to 1 ms, and the dynamic range of the neutron counts rate was expanded to more than $$10^{6}$$

10
6

counts per second. The Campbelling mode was calibrated using a multipoint average linear fitting method; subsequently, the fitting coefficient reached 0.9911. Therefore, the newly developed pulse signal acquisition and processing system ensures that the NFM system meets the requirements of high-parameter experiments conducted on EAST more effectively.
Genomic Epidemiology of Carbapenemase-Producing Klebsiella Pneumoniae in China
Authors: Li Cuidan , Jiang Xiaoyuan , Yang Tingting , Ju Yingjiao , Yin Zhe , Yue Liya , Ma Guannan , Wang Xuebing , Jing Ying , Luo Xinhua , Li Shuangshuang , Yang Xue , Chen Fei , Zhou Dongsheng 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The rapid spread of carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (cpKP) poses serious threats to public health; however, the underlying genetic basis for its dissemination is still unknown. We conducted a comprehensive genomic epidemiology analysis on 420 cpKP isolates collected from 70 hospitals in 24 provinces/autonomous regions/municipalities of China during 2009–2017 by short-/long-read sequencing. The results showed that most cpKP isolates were categorized into clonal group 258 (CG258), in which ST11 was the dominant clone. Phylogenetic analysis revealed three major clades including the top one of Clade 3 for CG258 cpKP isolates. Additionally, carbapenemase gene analysis indicated that blaKPC was dominant in the cpKP isolates, and most blaKPC genes were located in five major incompatibility (Inc) groups of blaKPC-harboring plasmids. Importantly, three advantageous combinations of host–blaKPC-carrying plasmid (Clade 3.1+3.2–IncFIIpHN7A8, Clade 3.1+3.2–IncFIIpHN7A8:IncR, and Clade 3.3–IncFIIpHN7A8:IncpA1763-KPC) were identified to confer cpKP isolates the advantages in both genotypes (strong correlation/coevolution) and phenotypes (resistance/growth/competition) to facilitate the nationwide spread of ST11/CG258 cpKP. Intriguingly, Bayesian skyline analysis illustrated that the three advantageous combinations might be directly associated with the strong population expansion during 2007–2008 and subsequent maintenance of the population of ST11/CG258 cpKP after 2008. We then examined drug resistance profiles of these cpKP isolates and proposed combination treatment regimens for CG258/non-CG258 cpKP infections. Thus, the findings of our systematical analysis shed light on the molecular epidemiology and genetic basis for the dissemination of ST11/CG258 cpKP in China, and much emphasis should be given to the close monitoring of advantageous cpKP–plasmid combinations.
Professional Outcomes and Satisfaction Among Graduate Medical Education Wilderness Medicine Fellowship Alumni in the United States
Authors: Dove Alexandra J. , Castaneda Ruben , Spano Susanne J. 
Published: March 2022

Introduction Wilderness medicine (WM) graduate medical education (GME) fellowships were established in 2003. Outcomes and satisfaction of US WM GME fellowship alumni can inform prospective applicants and program directors of the strengths of fellowships and professional gaps in them. Methods A 34-question Qualtrics survey was emailed to 111 alumni from 17 institutions listed in the Wilderness Medical Society’s GME database in May 2019. Professional service, scholarship, and satisfaction were queried. Results are represented as percent response (n=answered affirmative) based on the number of respondents per question. Results The survey response rate was 41% (n=46); 67% reported (n=31) Fellowship of the Academy of Wilderness Medicine recognition. Within the last 5 y, 71% (n=32) reported publications in WM. Free text entry questions had 78% (n=28) describe improved clinical skills, and 68% (n=26) were exposed to new career choices in fellowship. Those who rated exposure to a variety of WM knowledge and skills highly rated the overall fellowship experience higher ( P<0.001), as did those reporting a higher number of WM publications ( P=0.023). Nearly half, 48% (n=21), felt they could hold their current position without fellowship training. In hindsight, 76% (n=34) would follow the same professional path. Conclusions WM GME fellowship alumni reported high rates of professional engagement and scholarly productivity in the subspecialty. Responding alumni overwhelmingly rated the fellowship experience positively. Fellowships that ensure a wide exposure to experiences and foster scholarly productivity are more likely to yield professionally satisfied graduates.
Static Rope Rescue Operations in Western Norway: A Retrospective Analysis of 141 Missions
Authors: Mattingsdal Håvard , Abrahamsen Håkon B. , Fevang Espen , Sollid Stephen J.M. 
Published: March 2022

Introduction The Norwegian national standard for rescuers describes medical and rescue requirements for helicopter emergency medical services (HEMS) technical crew members, but there is a lack of scientific data supporting these requirements and their safety relevance. The study aims to analyze the rescue profile of Norwegian HEMS static rope human external cargo operations, emphasizing terrain challenges and additional safety measures utilized on-site. Methods We conducted a retrospective descriptive analysis of static rope missions performed in daylight by 3 HEMS bases in Western Norway in the period 2015 to 2019. The analysis measures evacuation methods, terrain, on-site safety measures, and medical treatment. Results Out of 8352 primary HEMS and search and rescue missions, a total of 141 (2%) static rope missions were performed by the 3 HEMS bases in Western Norway. The most commonly used evacuation method was triangle harness (62%) and a static rope length of 30 m (81%). Ninety-two (65%) missions were completed in simple terrain, 38 (27%) in challenging terrain, and 11 (8%) in complex terrain. There were no reported accidents, but a small number of adverse events were registered. The most frequent medical intervention administered on-site was pain management, followed by spinal immobilization. Conclusions Thirty-five percent of the static rope missions performed by HEMS in Western Norway were completed in challenging or complex terrain, requiring additional safety measures on-site. The most common safety measure needed was the ability to operate in a mountain or alpine environment. Our findings support the safety relevance of a national standard for rescuers.
Voting between two global crises. A NUTS3-level analysis of retrospective voting in four South-European countries
Authors: Giuliani Marco 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGreece, Italy, Portugal and Spain went several times to the polls during the 2010–2019 decade. It was a period characterised by the strenuous effort to recover the economic situation before the onset of the Great Recession; an effort, however, often constrained by externally imposed austerity policies, and by a refugee crisis that contributed to the growing salience of the immigration issue. The article adopts an original sub-national approach to examine if and how the economic situation and the incidence of immigration affected the electoral outcomes in the four South-European countries. Adopting a theory of retrospective behaviour, the research reported in the article confirms the association between employment and immigration levels, on the one hand, and punishment of the incumbent government on the other. However, the electoral effects of immigration are conditioned by the partisan composition of the government and, under centre-right cabinets, are aggravated by a negative economic conjuncture.
Outcomes of surgical versus non-surgical treatment of resectable T4a laryngeal and hypopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Thiagarajan S , Gupta M , Sathe P , Gill G , Ghosh-Laskar S , Prabhash K , Chaukar D 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveSurgery is the recommended treatment for resectable T4a laryngeal and hypopharyngeal carcinoma. Non-surgical treatment is an option in a select few patients.MethodThis retrospective study was undertaken to assess the treatment outcomes in patients with resectable T4a carcinoma of the larynx and hypopharynx who received either surgical or non-surgical treatment at our institute and to assess factors influencing these outcomes.ResultsA total of 120 patients were included in the study. They were divided into groups A, B and C based on the presence of extralaryngeal spread through laryngeal membrane, cartilage or both. The overall survival was better among patients who received surgery than those who received non-surgical treatment in the three groups. The factor influencing overall survival was the treatment given in the form of surgical versus non-surgical treatment.ConclusionSurgery is the preferred treatment for T4a laryngeal and hypopharyngeal carcinoma, even in patients with extralaryngeal spread without cartilage erosion.
Social justice in applied linguistics: Not a conclusion, but a way forward
Authors: Charity Hudley Anne H. , Flores Nelson 
Published: March 2022

Abstract in African American English as Anne Would Use It Teaching a Class or Giving a TalkCharity Hudley and Flores give you the real about the papers in this volume and share their direct vision for how to take this work forward in theory and practice. They shout out the leadership of emerging scholars as key to dreaming a world and a role for applied linguistics in the ongoing struggle for justice and liberation throughout the whole world. They lift up the volumes as the start of a new model of justice in scholarly publishing in applied linguistics and linguistics, where the conversations between emerging and more established scholars are more regularly integrated into our scholarly output. In doing so, the flavor that emerging scholars are adding to our understanding of language in various applied contexts will more quickly become part of the educational policy and practice that we legit need everywhere all the time.
Ultrastructural Characterization of Salivary Glands, Alimentary Canal and Malpighian Tubules of the Red Shield Bug Carpocoris mediterraneus Tamanini, 1958 (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae)
Authors: Özyurt Koçakoğlu Nurcan , Candan Selami 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this study, the gut structure and excretory system of Carpocoris mediterraneus which is phytophagous insect, were described with light and electron microscopies and discussed in relation to other Heteroptera species. The salivary system has two principal and accessory salivary glands, two principal and accessory gland ducts. The salivary gland and duct wall have a single layer of cuboidal cells. The duct lumen is surrounded by a thick intima layer. In the cytoplasm of the epithelial cells are seen vesicles. The gut includes fore, mid, and hindguts. The foregut consists of a long narrow tubular pharynx which opens into a slightly wider esophagus. The esophagus is thin walled and in turn opens into the midgut. The midgut has four regions (V1–V4). V1–V4 walls have a monolayered epithelium. V1 epithelium is double-nucleated. V1 cytoplasm contains numerous vesicles, secretory granules, spherocrystals, and cytoplasmic inclusions. Rod-shaped bacteria are seen in V4 lumen. The hindgut has pylorus and rectum. Malpighian tubules were attached in the pylorus. Malpighian tubules have a single-layer cuboidal epithelium. In their lumen, there are spherocrystals. The rectum wall has a monolayer of squamous epithelium and muscle layer. Numerous bacteria and uric acid crystals are seen in its lumen.
Evaluation of the Interprofessional Spiritual Care Education Curriculum in Australia: Online
Authors: Best Megan C. , Jones Kate , Washington Jenny , Sullivan Jo , Kearney Matthew , Puchalski Christina 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveSpiritual care is a component of quality palliative care, but healthcare providers have reported lack of training as a barrier to its provision. This paper describes the evaluation of the Interprofessional Spiritual Care Educational Curriculum (ISPEC)©which is a six-module evidence-based curriculum developed for teaching interprofessional spiritual care based on a generalist-specialist model of spiritual care.MethodThe course was run online in 2020 and attended by 20 healthcare workers who were invited to join the evaluation. Questionnaires were completed by participants before the training program (baseline), immediately after the training (post), and 3 months following the end of the program (follow-up). After the follow-up questionnaires, participants were invited to join a Focus Group to expand on their responses. Descriptive and exploratory statistical analysis was performed on quantitative data, and qualitative data was subjected to Thematic Analysis.ResultsExploratory data analysis showed that self-reported competence, confidence, and comfort in providing spiritual care significantly improved following training (p= 0.002) and were maintained over time (p= 0.034). In qualitative analysis, the main themes were: (1) overwhelmed by content; (2) the importance of practical training; (3) spiritual care is for everyone; (4) spiritual care should come from the heart; (5) training needs to be inclusive; and (6) spirituality is culturally specific.Significance of resultsThis article describes an evaluation of the ISPEC©spiritual care training course administered to an Australian healthcare cohort using an online format. These preliminary findings suggest that the ISPEC©program is effective in improving the ability of healthcare professionals to provide spiritual care. More work is needed to improve the cultural relevance of the program in Australia.
An exploration of financial toxicity among low-income patients with cancer in Central Texas: A mixed methods analysis
Authors: Petruzzi Liana J. , Prezio Elizabeth , Phillips Farya , Smith Blake , Currin-McCulloch Jennifer , Blevins Cheasequah , Gaddis Damon , Eckhardt S. Gail , Kvale Elizabeth , Jones Barbara 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveFinancial toxicity is of increasing concern in the United States. The Comprehensive Score for Financial Toxicity (COST) is a validated measure; however, it has not been widely utilized among low-income patients and may not fully capture financial toxicity in this population. Furthermore, the relationships between financial toxicity, quality of life (QOL), and patient well-being are poorly understood. We describe the experience of financial toxicity among low-income adults receiving cancer care. We hypothesized that higher financial toxicity would be associated with less income and lower quality of life. Qualitative interviews focused on the financial impact of cancer treatment.MethodThis study was conducted at a cancer clinic in Central Texas. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected in Fall and Spring 2018, respectively. The quantitative sample (N = 115) was dichotomized by annual income (<$15,000 vs. >$15,000). Outcomes included financial toxicity (COST), quality of life (FACT-G), and patient well-being (PROMIS measures: Anxiety, Depression, Fatigue, Pain Interference, and Physical Function). Associations between quality of life, patient well-being, and financial toxicity were evaluated using linear regression. Sequential qualitative interviews were conducted with a subsample of 12 participants.ResultsPatients with <$15k had significantly lower levels of QOL and patient well-being such as depression and anxiety compared to patients with >$15k across multiple measures. A multivariate linear regression found QOL (Β = 0.17, 95% CI = 0.05, 0.29, p = 0.008) and insurance status (Β = −3.79, 95% CI = −7.42, −0.16, p = 0.04), but not income, were significantly associated with financial toxicity. Three qualitative themes regarding patient's access to cancer care were identified: obtaining healthcare coverage, maintaining financial stability, and receiving social support.Significance of resultsLow-income patients with cancer face unique access barriers and are at risk for forgoing treatment or increased symptom burdens. Comprehensive assessment and financial navigation may improve access to care, symptom management, and reduce strain on social support systems.
The social question and the transnational constitutional space
Authors: Rieder Clemens M 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAlthough markets are becoming increasingly transnationalized, the social question appears to remain firmly national. The aim of this article is to discuss under what circumstances, if at all, the social question ought to have a transnational dimension and what form it should take. As such, the article seeks to build a normative framework that abandons the conventional taxonomies of moral duties and instead links the concept of responsibility to governance, which takes place in the space of thepolisthrough a reliance on questions of group agency. To this end, the article will draw on different aspects of responsibility. Having established a link between the social question and the concept of responsibility based on outcome and remedial responsibility, it will draw on collective and shared responsibility to consider what, if any, transnational dimension the social question should have.