bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aspects of second‐order velocity slip and radiation absorption on hydromagnetic stagnation point flow of Jeffrey fluid with chemical reaction
Authors: Kumbhakar Bidyasagar , Nandi Susmay , Seth Gauri S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe present article describes the magnetohydrodynamic flow of a moving Jeffrey fluid along a convectively heated porous stretching surface with second‐order velocity slip and radiation absorption effects. Furthermore, chemical reactions and viscous dissipation impacts are also taken into account. The governing equations are converted into dimensionless ordinary differential equations (ODEs) using appropriate similarity transformations. The highly nonlinear ODEs are solved numerically by employing a shooting technique based on the Runge–Kutta Cash–Karp formula. The figures are used to study the variations in temperature, velocity, and concentration profiles for several physical factors. The numerical values of the local skin friction, Sherwood number, and Nusselt number are explained and shown in tables. The analysis reveals that the velocity profile is enhanced for amplifying values of velocity ratio parameter and first‐order velocity slip parameter. However, the temperature profile of Jeffrey nanofluid is highlighted w.r.t. Eckert number and radiation absorption parameter. This study may find significant applications in polymer production, food processing, instrumentation, combustion modeling, catalytic chemical reactors, and so on.
Seasonal flashiness and high frequency discharge events in headwater streams in the North Carolina Piedmont (United States)
Authors: Johnson Bradley G. , Morris Catherine S. , Mase Heather L. , Whitehouse Peter S. , Paradise Christopher J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFirst‐order streams are rarely the focus of research even though they play an important hydrological and ecological role in upland landscapes and may be more susceptible to human impacts than larger streams. We studied 16 first‐order streams in the North Carolina Piedmont to examine relationships between land use, discharge, flashiness and conductivity in the headwaters of the Rocky River and McDowell Creek. Stream gauges were installed on each of the 16 headwater streams to provide constant monitoring of stream depth, temperature and specific conductance. Rating curves were created for each site using models that combined field measured and Manning's calculated discharge. Initial attempts to measure flashiness using the Richards‐Baker Index (RBI) indicated that it is not a good proxy for flashiness in small streams because its use of median daily flows do not capture fluctuations that occur over short time periods. Instead, we developed a new method that focused on the number of days each stream flows above its 99th percentile flow (DMQ99). We also examined individual storm events across multiple seasons. We found that headwater streams in the Piedmont are flashier than more commonly gauged second and third order streams because first‐order streams are more directly connected to the landscape. Streams located in suburban areas tend to be flashier than streams in forested areas as a result of the increase in impervious surfaces and the reduction of evapotranspiration (ET) caused by development. Additionally, we found that all streams become flashier in the winter when ET is lower, suggesting important feedbacks between physical and biological systems. All streams experience periodic extreme conductivity events, indicating significantly impaired ecological conditions. More developed basins generally have higher maximum specific conductance compared with less developed basins although streams have significant natural variability as well. Overall, our results indicate that first‐order streams in the Piedmont are highly impacted by development and that extra caution should be exercised when altering landscapes near small streams.
Hydrogeochemical and isotopic evidences of unique groundwater recharge patterns in the Mongolian Plateau
Authors: Ma Fenyan , Chen Jiaqi , Chen Jiansheng , Wang Tao 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn arid and semi‐arid areas, local precipitation is insufficient to fulfil the water requirements of the fragile local environment; hence, water is obtained from groundwater. The Hulun Lake Basin is located in the Mongolian Plateau, which is home to numerous lakes. In this study, we used remote sensing and isotopic tracing of naturally occurring isotopes (δ18O, δ2H, and 87Sr/86Sr) to identify and quantify the various water inputs into the basin. Based on the lake water balance calculation and precipitation and river inputs, a 5.4 × 108 m3/year groundwater recharge rate was determined. Groundwater and river water with depleted δ18O and δ2H were identified close to the faults near Hulun Lake. The groundwater recharge into Hulun Lake is aided by the faults. The δ18O and δ2H compositions of the groundwater, rivers, and lakes were consistent and more depleted than those of precipitation in the local mountains and plains. Therefore, the rivers and lakes are assumed to be primarily recharged by groundwater. The low strontium isotopes (87Sr/86Sr) in the samples suggest that the water was primarily recharged by basalt groundwater, which was identified under the Cenozoic strata instead of the sandstones, granites, and tuffs, which are the primary rocks in the study area. Moreover, the faults were widely distributed in the study area, allowing for groundwater upwelling from basalts. For the areas with volcanic rocks and faults, particularly in arid and semi‐arid areas, the basalt groundwater recharge through faults is critical for environmental sustainability. This research provides necessary information for future hydro‐ecosystem resource management in arid and semi‐arid areas.
A deep data‐driven approach for enhanced segmentation of blood vessel for diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Yadav Nirmal 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe segmentation step of retinal blood vessel helps to diagnosis the diseases including diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, etc. The automatic image segmentation process helps experts to speed up the diagnosis of DR, since analytic methods are time consuming and error prone. The neural network (NN) based methods like U‐Net uses leap bonding that extract fine information from the training dataset. However automatic segmentation of image using neural network is a challenging process because of uneven and irregular geometry of organ. In this article, we proposed a U‐Net based approach for segmentation of retinal vessels. Before applying segmentation step, the affected area of image is enhanced with some preprocessing techniques. Then a dual tree discrete Ridgelet transform (DT‐DRT) is apply on the dataset to extract the features from the region of interest. The features accumulation with DT‐DRT ensures better feature representation of vessel for segmentation task. The proposed segmentation is implemented on different publicly available dataset and achieve accuracy of 96.01% in CHASE DB1, 97.65% in DRIVE and 98.61% in STARE dataset. The performance of this algorithm is also compared with some other deep learning models, and results demonstrate that this proposed algorithm performed better than them.
Comprehensive review onzinc‐ionbattery anode: Challenges and strategies
Authors: Zhang Xin , Hu Jun‐Ping , Fu Na , Zhou Wei‐Bin , Liu Bin , Deng Qi , Wu Xiong‐Wei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractZinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) have been extensively investigated and discussed as promising energy storage devices in recent years owing to their low cost, high energy density, inherent safety, and low environmental impact. Nevertheless, several challenges remain that need to be prioritized before realizing the widespread application of ZIBs. In particular, the development of zinc anodes has been hindered by many challenges, such as inevitable zinc dendrites, corrosion passivation, and the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), which have severely limited the practical application of high‐performance ZIBs. This review starts with a systematic discussion of the origins of zinc dendrites, corrosion passivation, and the HER, as well as their effects on battery performance. Subsequently, we discuss solutions to the above problems to protect the zinc anode, including the improvement of zinc anode materials, modification of the anode–electrolyte interface, and optimization of the electrolyte. In particular, this review emphasizes design strategies to protect zinc anodes from an integrated perspective with broad interest rather than a view with limited focus. In the final section, comments and perspectives are provided for the future design of high‐performance zinc anodes.image
Three‐dimensional thermophotonic image optimization modalities of truncated correlation photothermal coherence tomography
Authors: Welch Robert , Sivagurunathan Koneswaran , Tavakolian Pantea , Mandelis Andreas 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTruncated correlation photothermal coherence tomography (TC‐PCT) is a pulse‐compression, matched‐filter‐based photothermal diffusion‐wave imaging modality with a proven track record in non‐destructive evaluation of biomedical, dental, art‐object and industrial applications. This is a study of the effect thermal transient truncation plays in the TC‐PCT algorithm. It introduces a new phase channel which was coined the name Linear Iso Phase (LIOP) and improves the conventional TC‐PCT phase by redevising its matched‐filter sampling scheme and removing the effect of circular aliasing artifacts introduced in the frequency‐domain‐transformed cross‐correlation (CC) calculations. A previously introduced computationally simplified adaptation to TC‐PCT based on conventional CC signal processing, named enhanced truncated correlation photothermal coherence tomography (eTC‐PCT), which does not utilize thermal transient truncation is also investigated: The TC‐PCT and eTC‐PCT algorithms and the LIOP channel are used to produce three‐dimensional reconstructions of a complex multi‐layered marquetry art sample and a tooth with a bacterial‐induced lesion.
Biofabricating hollow microneedle array with controllable microstructure for cell transplantation
Authors: Chen Ying‐Hou , Wang Fang‐Ying , Chan Yong‐Shi , Huang Charles , Huang Yi‐You 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMicroneedles improve upon the direct injection method by piercing the epidermis to create microchannels for drug delivery in a painless and minimally invasive way. With these microchannels, large macromolecules can penetrate the skin barrier to reach the underlying target tissue. In this study, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) hollow microneedles (HMN) arrays were fabricated to transplant cells. The result showed that HMN arrays have good biocompatibility. Human epidermal melanocytes and follicle dermal papilla cells were shown to be successfully delivered to acellular porcine skin tissue. Similarly, human corneal keratocytes and corneal epithelial cells were shown to be successfully delivered to acellular porcine corneal tissue. The delivered cells proliferated and penetrated into the tissue. This system may have the potential in the application of cell delivery or cell transplantation.
Synthesis and characterization of Co3O4 nanoparticles: Application as performing anode in Li‐ion batteries
Authors: Mahmood Zaid Hameed , Jarosova Marketa , Kzar Hamzah H. , Machek Pavel , Zaidi Muhaned , Dehno Khalaji Aliakbar , Khlewee Ibrahim Hammoud , Altimari Usama S. , Mustafa Yasser Fakri , Kadhim Mustafa M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA simple, rapid, and low‐cost method for preparation of Co3O4 nanoparticles (Co3O4‐1 and Co3O4‐2) using solid‐state calcination of mixture of Co(NO3)2∙6H2O and salicylic acid (1:1 weight ratio) at two different temperatures of 500 and 600°C is reported. The morphologies and structure of the as‐prepared Co3O4 nanoparticles were characterized using X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). In addition, we tested them as an anode material for lithium‐ion batteries. The cycling stability and electrochemical performance of the as‐prepared Co3O4 nanoparticles were excellent. A capacity of ≈1,100 mAh/g was obtained after 50 cycles at 100 mA/g and exhibited stable discharge behavior up to 50 cycles with high rate capability.
Serum lutein is a promising biomarker for type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic kidney disease in the elderly
Authors: Pan Fenghui , Cui Wenxia , Gao Lei , Shi Xiaoting , Yang Haiyan , Hu Yun , Li Man 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between serum lutein and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in elderly individuals.MethodsA total of 60 T2DM patients over 60 years were subgrouped into a DKD group and a non‐DKD group according to their urinary microalbumin‐to‐creatinine ratio (UACR), while 30 age‐matched non‐T2DM patients were recruited in the control group. Baseline characteristics, laboratory examination results, and serum lutein levels were compared, and their correlations were analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to identify the diagnostic potential of lutein in T2DM and DKD.ResultsThe lutein level in the T2DM group was significantly lower than that in the control group and was also significantly lower in the DKD group than in the non‐DKD group (p < 0.001). Lutein levels were negatively correlated with body mass index, glycosylated hemoglobin, fasting blood glucose, triglyceride, and UACR and positively correlated with high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (p < 0.05). T2DM patients were divided into four groups according to the quartile of their lutein level. The proportion of T2DM and DKD gradually decreased with increasing lutein levels (p < 0.001). The area under the ROC curve of serum lutein in diagnosing T2DM and DKD was 0.880 and 0.779, respectively, with corresponding cut‐off values of 0.433 μmol/L and 0.197 μmol/L (p < 0.001).ConclusionThe serum level of lutein is negatively correlated with the incidence of T2DM and DKD in the elderly and can serve as a diagnostic marker for T2DM and DKD.
Exploring blood microbial communities and their influence on human cardiovascular disease
Authors: Khan Ikram , Khan Imran , Jianye Zhou , Xiaohua Zhang , Khan Murad , Hilal Mian Gul , Kakakhel Mian Adnan , Mehmood Arshad , Lizhe An , Zhiqiang Li 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundCardiovascular disease (CVD) is the single biggest contributor to global mortality. CVD encompasses multiple disorders, including atherosclerosis, hypertension, platelet hyperactivity, stroke, hyperlipidemia, and heart failure. In addition to traditional risk factors, the circulating microbiome or the blood microbiome has been analyzed recently in chronic inflammatory diseases, including CVD in humans.MethodsFor this review, all relevant original research studies were assessed by searching in electronic databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science, by using relevant keywords.ResultsThis review demonstrated that elevated markers of systemic bacterial exposure are associated with noncommunicable diseases, including CVD. Studies have shown that the bacterial DNA sequence found in healthy blood belongs mainly to the Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria phyla. In cardiac events, such as stroke, coronary heart disease, and myocardial infarction, the increased proportion of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria phyla was found. Lipopolysaccharides are a major component of Proteobacteria, which play a key role in the onset of CVD. Moreover, recently, a study reported the lower cholesterol‐degrading bacteria, including Caulobacterales order and Caulobacteraceae family were both considerably reduced in myocardial infarction.ConclusionProteobacteria and Actinobacteria were shown to be independent markers of the risk of CVD. This finding is evidence for the new concept of the role played by blood microbiota dysbiosis in CVD. However, the association between blood microbiota and CVD is still inconsistent. Thus, more deep investigations are required in future to fully understand the role of the bacteria community in causing and preventing CVD.
Micro‐morphological diversity of pollen among Asteraceous taxa from Potohar Plateau‐Pakistan
Authors: Usma Anwer , Ahmad Mushtaq , Ramadan Mohamed Fawzy , Khan Amir Muhammad , Zafar Muhammad , Hamza Mohammed , Sultana Shazia , Yaseen Ghulam 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMicroscopic pollen characters from 19 species of family Asteraceae collected from different areas of the Potohar Plateau of Pakistan have been investigated using light and scanning electron microscopy. This study uses microscopic techniques to provide detailed information on pollen and its exine structure based on qualitative and quantitative characters. The present study has observed three types of pollen grains based on their apertures, that is, trizonocolporate, tetrazonocolporate, and tricolporate. Exine sculpturing is echinate in all studied taxa. Some species also exhibit Lacunae which differ in their shape and sizes. The size of the spines and the number of spines between the colpi play a vital role in differentiating the species of the same genus. Pollen fertility ranges from 94.3 to 74.19, showing that these species are well established in the study area. For the correct identification of species, a light and scanning electron microscopy was used that provides sufficient information for a taxonomist to distinguish species taxonomically.Research Highlights
Light and Scanning electron microscope is comparatively used to investigate the pollen characters of some species of the family Asteraceae.
A scanning electron microscopy is used to study the micro‐morphological characters of pollen grains.
Qualitative and quantitative characters of pollen were studied.
The functional role of soluble proteins acquired by extracellular vesicles
Authors: Ramos Ana Paula , Sebinelli Heitor Gobbi , Ciancaglini Pietro , Rosato Nicola , Mebarek Saida , Buchet Rene , Millán José Luis , Bottini Massimo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer‐enclosed nanosized particles released by all cell types during physiological as well as pathophysiological processes to carry out diverse biological functions, including acting as sources of cellular dumping, signalosomes and mineralisation nanoreactors. The ability of EVs to perform specific biological functions is due to their biochemical machinery. Among the components of the EVs’ biochemical machinery, surface proteins are of critical functional significance as they mediate the interactions of EVs with components of the extracellular milieu, the extracellular matrix and neighbouring cells. Surface proteins are thought to be native, that is, pre‐assembled on the EVs’ surface by the parent cells before the vesicles are released. However, numerous pieces of evidence have suggested that soluble proteins are acquired by the EVs’ surface from the extracellular milieu and further modulate the biological functions of EVs during innate and adaptive immune responses, autoimmune disorders, complement activation, coagulation, viral infection and biomineralisation. Herein, we will describe the methods currently used to identify the EVs’ surface proteins and discuss recent knowledge on the functional relevance of the soluble proteins acquired by EVs.
The key roles of organelles and ferroptosis in Alzheimerʼs disease
Authors: Long Hui‐Zhi , Cheng Yan , Zhou Zi‐Wei , Luo Hong‐Yu , Wen Dan‐Dan , Gao Li‐Chen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAlzheimerʼs disease (AD), an age‐related neurodegenerative disease, is a striking global health problem. Ferroptosis is a newly discovered form of cell death characterized by iron‐dependent lipid peroxidation products and the accumulation of lethal reactive oxygen species. Strict regulation of iron metabolism is essential to ensure neuronal homeostasis. Excess and deficiency of iron are both associated with neurodegeneration. Studies have shown that oxidative stress caused by cerebral iron metabolism disorders in the body is involved in the process of AD, ferroptosis may play an important role in the pathogenesis of AD, and regulating ferroptosis is expected to be a new direction for the treatment of AD. Various organelles are closely related to ferroptosis: mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and lysosome are involved in the regulation of ferroptosis from the aspects of iron metabolism and redox imbalance. In this review, the relationship between AD and the dysfunction of organelles (including mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, lysosome, and Golgi apparatus) and the role of organelles in ferroptosis of AD were reviewed to provide insights for understanding the relationship between organelles and ferroptosis in AD and the treatment of AD.
Future precipitation projection in Bangladesh using SimCLIM climate model: A multi‐model ensemble approach
Authors: Islam H. M. Touhidul , Islam Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul , Shahid Shamsuddin , Alam G. M. Monirul , Biswas Jatish Chandra , Rahman Md. Mizanur , Roy Dilip Kumar , Kamruzzaman Mohammad 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAppraisal of the long‐term precipitation trends and variability is crucial for sustainable water resources management. This research intended to evaluate Bangladesh's monthly, seasonal, and annual spatiotemporal rainfall variability using 40 global climate models for two representative concentration pathways (RCPs), RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. Statistical downscaling climate model (SimCLIM) was used for downscaling and ensemble projection of rainfall in near (2011–2040), middle (2041–2070), and far (2071–2100) futures. Modified Mann–Kendall test was applied to detect future rainfall trends. The results revealed a significant increasing trend in rainfall in near and middle futures for RCP4.5 and in all three future periods for RCP8.5 at all meteorological stations of Bangladesh during significant rainfall months (May–October). The results also showed a decreasing trend in rainfall in dry months (December–January) at many stations. The highest increase in rainfall was projected in June at a rate of 0.10–1.11 mm·year−1 for RCP4.5 and 3.34–4.98 mm·year−1 for RCP8.5 in different future periods. Monsoon rainfall showed the highest increase, and winter rainfall the lowest increase for all RCPs and future periods. The increase in annual precipitation over Bangladesh was projected 2.76–5.98% in three future periods for RCP4.5 and 6.98–26.44% for RCP8.5. These outcomes indicate a possible increase in floods severity and frequency in Bangladesh in the future.