bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global prevalence of autism: A systematic review update
Authors: Zeidan Jinan , Fombonne Eric , Scorah Julie , Ibrahim Alaa , Durkin Maureen S. , Saxena Shekhar , Yusuf Afiqah , Shih Andy , Elsabbagh Mayada 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPrevalence estimates of autism are essential for informing public policy, raising awareness, and developing research priorities. Using a systematic review, we synthesized estimates of the prevalence of autism worldwide. We examined factors accounting for variability in estimates and critically reviewed evidence relevant for hypotheses about biological or social determinants (viz., biological sex, sociodemographic status, ethnicity/race, and nativity) potentially modifying prevalence estimates of autism. We performed the search in November 2021 within Medline for studies estimating autism prevalence, published since our last systematic review in 2012. Data were extracted by two independent researchers. Since 2012, 99 estimates from 71 studies were published indicating a global autism prevalence that ranges within and across regions, with a median prevalence of 100/10,000 (range: 1.09/10,000 to 436.0/10,000). The median male‐to‐female ratio was 4.2. The median percentage of autism cases with co‐occurring intellectual disability was 33.0%. Estimates varied, likely reflecting complex and dynamic interactions between patterns of community awareness, service capacity, help seeking, and sociodemographic factors. A limitation of this review is that synthesizing methodological features precludes a quality appraisal of studies. Our findings reveal an increase in measured autism prevalence globally, reflecting the combined effects of multiple factors including the increase in community awareness and public health response globally, progress in case identification and definition, and an increase in community capacity. Hypotheses linking factors that increase the likelihood of developing autism with variations in prevalence will require research with large, representative samples and comparable autism diagnostic criteria and case‐finding methods in diverse world regions over time.Lay SummaryWe reviewed studies of the prevalence of autism worldwide, considering the impact of geographic, ethnic, and socioeconomic factors on prevalence estimates. Approximately 1/100 children are diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder around the world. Prevalence estimates increased over time and varied greatly within and across sociodemographic groups. These findings reflect changes in the definition of autism and differences in the methodology and contexts of prevalence studies.
Use of vasoactive medications in pregnancy and the risk of stillbirth among birth defect cases
Authors: Kerr Stephen , Heinke Dominique , Yazdy Mahsa M. , Mitchell Allen A. , Darling Anne Marie , Lin Angela , Nestoridi Eirini , Werler Martha M. ,   the National Birth Defects Prevention Study
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundMany previous studies have identified risk factors for stillbirth, but few examine stillbirth among pregnancies affected with birth defects. Because many hypothesized etiologies of stillbirth work through vascular pathologies of the placenta, we examined maternal use of vasoactive medications in relation to stillbirth among pregnancies affected with birth defects.MethodsData were analyzed from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (1997–2011). We examined use of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), decongestants, short‐ or long‐acting beta‐agonists (SABA/LABA), and antihypertensive medications in relation to pregnancies affected by birth defects ending in stillbirth compared to live birth. Associations were measured with odds ratios (ORs) for early pregnancy use and hazard ratios (HRs) for time‐varying late pregnancy use.ResultsAmong all birth defects (n = 12,394), the risk of stillbirth was associated with use of antihypertensive medications in early (odds ratio [OR]: 1.8; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.0, 3.1) and late pregnancy (HR: 2.0; 95% CI: 1.1, 3.6). Other vasoactive medications were not associated with increased risk of stillbirth. Of 27 specific defect groups, increased risks were observed for only one medication/defect pair: early decongestant use was more common among mothers of stillbirth versus live birth cases with spina bifida (OR: 2.4; 95% CI: 0.9, 6.5).ConclusionThis exploratory analysis of vasoactive medication use suggests that use of NSAIDs, decongestants, and SABA/LABA is not associated with increased risk of stillbirth among pregnancies affected with birth defects. Our finding of increased risks associated with antihypertensive medication use raises questions of confounding by indication, which we were not able to fully address.
Betriebsstörung Kommunikationsfehler
Authors: Kirchner Robert 
Published: March 2022

AbstractKommunikationsfehler sind Alltag in jedem Anlagenbetrieb. Es lohnt sich daher, die so selbstverständliche Verständigung zwischen Menschen im betrieblichen Umfeld etwas intensiver zu beleuchten und herauszufinden, was man besser machen kann.
Ausfall‐ und Stillstandszeiten in der Prozessindustrie minimieren
Authors: Deakins Scott 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEin cloudbasiertes Enterprise Ressource Planning (ERP)‐System hilft dabei, kritische Prozesspunkte und ‐anlagen zu identifizieren, frühzeitig auf mögliche Ausfälle hinzuweisen und Kapazitäten anzupassen.
So wird die nächste Generation ausgebildet
Authors: Reynolds Stephen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDas Training mit Virtual und Augmented Reality‐Tools ermöglicht anlagenspezifisches Lernen und reduziert Risiken und Kosten im sicheren Chemieanlagenbetrieb. Das motiviert Mitarbeiter und kann für Anlagen‐ und Prozessverständnis auf allen Entscheidungsebenen sorgen.
Assessment of kernel characteristics to predict popping performance in grain sorghum
Authors: Kent Mitchell A. , Crozier Daniel S. , Rooney William L. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGrowth in the niche market of popped grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] has increased the demand for grain sorghum lines or hybrids with improved popping quality. While there is a clear morphological difference in kernel morphology between popcorn [Zea mays L. everta] and most other types of corn, most grain sorghum genotypes have kernels with generally similar morphological structure. The absence of a specific kernel morphology for sorghum makes it impossible to eliminate types of grain sorghum that will not pop based solely on that morphology. Consequently, screening of any sorghum genotype requires the actual popping of grain from that genotype. As such, the identification of traits or combinations thereof that effectively screen grain sorghum genotypes for popping efficiency (PE), expansion ratio (ER), flake size (FS), and popped density (PD) is necessary. Herein, grain from 78 diverse genotypes grown in two environments were characterized for physical (i.e., diameter, thousand kernel weight, kernel hardness index, test weight, and visual hardness rating), compositional (i.e., starch, fiber, fat, ash, and protein), and popping characteristics (i.e., PE, ER, FS, and PD). No single physical or compositional trait was sufficiently correlated to prediction of popping performance. Multi‐trait models better predicted popping performance than the single trait correlations. Further, multi‐trait models using compositional predictors increased prediction accuracies by 10.1% for PE, 42.9% for ER, 24.4% for FS, and 40.6% for PD compared with physical predictors. Among subgroups of genotypes, prediction accuracies varied considerably based on the criteria used to subdivide the genotypes. In conclusion, indirect selection for popping performance is possible by leveraging specific multi‐trait models.
Changes to architecture of Silphium integrifolium Michx. during domestication reveal new trade‐offs for yield
Authors: Prasifka Jarrad R. , Peterson Kelsey , Mallinger Rachel E. , Van Tassel David L. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOngoing domestication of whole‐leaf rosinweed, Silphium integrifolium Michx., as a perennial oilseed and forage crop aims to increase yields while limiting decreases in other desirable traits (i.e., trade‐offs). Two changes to plant architecture, increasing pistillate ray florets head−1 ( = feminization) and reduced lateral branching of stems, have been considered for their potential to improve oil yields but with limited understanding of potential trade‐offs. Field tests with genets that vary for feminization failed to show that increasing the number of female florets head−1 had any effect on pollinator visitation and seed set (%) but revealed that feminization reduced embryo mass achene−1. In general, tripling the number of ray florets head−1 reduced the mass of individual embryos by 50% or more, which suggests feminization still provides a net benefit for oil yields. Clipping (bud removal) used to simulate reduced branching in S. integrifolium affected components of yield in ways that were generally predictable; heads (receptacles) became larger and mass achene−1 increased. However, the large number of buds removed to achieve modest increases in head size and achene mass make reduced branching appear undesirable. Ultimately, S. integrifolium genets with genetically reduced branching are needed to make the best evaluation of this potential change. Both sets of experiments reveal plasticity in S. integrifolium yield components and suggest that efforts to improve the quality of phenotypic data are important to efficient selection.
Durability of benefit after transcatheter tricuspid valve intervention: insights from actigraphy
Authors: Stocker Thomas J. , Cohen David J. , Arnold Suzanne V. , Sommer Saskia , Braun Daniel , Stolz Lukas , Hertell Helene , Weckbach Ludwig T. , Wild Mirjam G. , Doldi Philipp , Orban Martin , Orban Mathias , Deseive Simon , Higuchi Satoshi , Massberg Steffen , Nabauer Michael , Hausleiter Jörg 
Published: March 2022

AimsTricuspid regurgitation (TR) is associated with high mortality, morbidity and reduced physical capacity. This study was designed to examine the long‐term impact of transcatheter tricuspid valve intervention (TTVI) on physical activity by using the method of actigraphy.Methods and resultsOverall, we prospectively included 128 heart failure patients with severe TR (median age 79 years, 48% female) who were scheduled for TTVI. Patients were equipped with activity tracking devices for 1 week before TTVI, and again at 1–6 months and 1 year after TTVI. We compared continuous physical activity (CPA), defined as the mean number of steps/day with New York Heart Association class, quality of life assessments, and 6‐min walk distance (all p <0.01). TTVI reduced TR to grade ≤2+ in 94% of patients. Median (interquartile range [IQR]) CPA at baseline was 3108 (1350–4959) steps/day, which increased by 31.4% to 3958 (1823–5657) steps/day at 1–6 months and 4080 (2293–6514) steps/day at 1 year after TTVI (p <0.001 for both comparisons). The impact of TTVI was significantly higher in advanced heart failure patients with low baseline activity (baseline CPA <1350 steps/day; 1‐year CPA increase: +121.3%; p <0.001), when compared to moderate activity patients (baseline CPA 1350–4959 steps/day; 1‐year CPA increase: +27.5%; p <0.01) or high activity patients (baseline CPA >4959 steps/day; 1‐year CPA change: +2.6%; p = 0.39).ConclusionOne‐week actigraphy demonstrates durable improvement of physical activity after TTVI. Fragile chronic heart failure patients with very low baseline activity, as determined by actigraphy in this study, significantly benefit from transcatheter intervention and should not be excluded from TTVI.
Vericiguat in patients with coronary artery disease and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
Authors: Saldarriaga Clara , Atar Dan , Stebbins Amanda , Lewis Basil S. , Abidin Imran Zainal , Blaustein Robert O. , Butler Javed , Ezekowitz Justin A. , Hernandez Adrian F. , Lam Carolyn S.P. , O'Connor Christopher M. , Pieske Burkert , Ponikowski Piotr , Roessig Lothar , Voors Adriaan A. , Anstrom Kevin J. , Armstrong Paul W. ,   VICTORIA Study Group
Published: March 2022

AimsCoronary artery disease (CAD) portends worse outcomes in heart failure (HF). We aimed to characterize patients with CAD and worsening HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and evaluate post hoc whether vericiguat treatment effect varied according to CAD.Methods and resultsCox proportional hazards were generated for the primary endpoint of cardiovascular death or HF hospitalization (CVD/HFH). CAD was defined as previous myocardial infarction, percutaneous coronary intervention, or coronary artery bypass grafting. Of 5048 patients in VICTORIA with available data on CAD status, 2704 had CAD and were older, were more frequently male, diabetic, and had a lower glomerular filtration rate than those without CAD (all p <0.0001). Use of implantable cardioverter defibrillators and cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) was higher in patients with versus without CAD (33.5% vs. 21.1%; p <0.0001 and 16.3% vs. 12.8%; p = 0.0006). The primary endpoint of CVD/HFH was higher in those with versus without CAD (40.6 vs. 30.1/100 patient‐years; adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.23; p <0.001) as was all‐cause mortality (17.9% vs. 12.7%; adjusted HR 1.32; p <0.001). The primary outcome of CVD/HFH associated with vericiguat in patients with or without CAD was 38.8 versus 27.6 per 100 patient‐years and for placebo was 42.6 versus 32.7 per 100 patient‐years (interaction p = 0.78).ConclusionIn this post hoc study, CAD was associated with more CVD and HFH in patients with HFrEF and worsening HF. Vericiguat was beneficial and safe regardless of concomitant CAD.
Finerenone in patients with chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes with and without heart failure: a prespecified subgroup analysis of the FIDELIO‐DKD trial
Authors: Filippatos Gerasimos , Pitt Bertram , Agarwal Rajiv , Farmakis Dimitrios , Ruilope Luis M. , Rossing Peter , Bauersachs Johann , Mentz Robert J. , Kolkhof Peter , Scott Charlie , Joseph Amer , Bakris George L. , Anker Stefan D. ,   FIDELIO‐DKD Investigators
Published: March 2022

AimsThis prespecified analysis of the FIDELIO‐DKD trial compared the effects of finerenone, a selective non‐steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, on cardiorenal outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) by history of heart failure (HF).Methods and resultsPatients with T2D and CKD (urine albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio ≥30–5000 mg/g and estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] ≥25–<75 ml/min/1.73 m2), without symptomatic HF with reduced ejection fraction (New York Heart Association II–IV) and treated with optimized renin–angiotensin system blockade were randomized to finerenone or placebo. The composite cardiovascular (CV) outcome (CV death, non‐fatal myocardial infarction, non‐fatal stroke, or hospitalization for HF) and composite kidney outcome (kidney failure, sustained ≥40% decrease in eGFR from baseline, or renal death) were analysed by investigator‐reported medical history of HF. Of 5674 patients, 436 (7.7%) had a history of HF. Over a median follow‐up of 2.6 years, the effect of finerenone compared with placebo on the composite CV outcome was consistent in patients with and without a history of HF (hazard ratio [HR] 0.73, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.50–1.06 and HR 0.90, 95% CI 0.77–1.04, respectively; interaction p = 0.33). The effect of finerenone on the composite kidney outcome did not differ by history of HF (HR 0.79, 95% CI 0.52–1.20 and HR 0.83, 95% CI 0.73–0.94, respectively; interaction p = 0.83).ConclusionIn FIDELIO‐DKD, finerenone improved cardiorenal outcome in patients with CKD and T2D irrespective of baseline HF history.
Verification of multi‐degree‐of‐freedom building modelling for seismic response prediction based on microtremor measurement
Authors: Ikeda Yoshiki , Kurata Masahiro , Xie Jinzhe 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe applicability of the proposed dynamic response model for buildings is investigated using shaking‐table tests with a four‐storey steel specimen. This approach derives the equation of motion for a multi‐degree‐of‐freedom linear building based on microtremor measurements. Under a linear assumption, the equation can estimate the seismic response accelerations, velocities, and displacements at microtremor sensor locations without the need for information about the mass, damping, stiffness matrices or need for structural design documents to estimate peak responses that are linked with seismic damages of structural and non‐structural components. The modelling is unconstrained by structural shape, composition of frames, connections of structural members, or the assumption of a rigid floor. In comparison to the previous methods assuming simple/regular building shape with standard/typical rigid floor, the proposed model is applicable to large‐scale low‐rise buildings with irregular shapes, flat expanses, and open spaces such as large atria and skylights as well. The applicability study considers two practical scenarios: natural frequencies and damping ratios based on microtremors that can be updated by an earthquake and a standard assumption for structural design. The prediction accuracy is best when the participation vector for seismic input is obtained from sensors located on the upper floors; the structure mostly exhibits elastic response; a modal system identification is applied to the seismic measurement; and local damage does not affect the global seismic response of the structure. The reason is that this method assumes that identified mode shapes do not change due to the occurrence of an earthquake.
Morphodynamics of a meandering channel over decadal timescales in response to hydrological variations
Authors: Hooke Janet M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article addresses a major theme in fluvial geomorphology on which Professor Ken Gregory contributed much pioneering research, that of quantitative relations of morphological change to discharge variations. It examines the morphodynamics and processes of adjustment of river channels to flow characteristics on event to decadal timescales, using field and remote sensing data collected over a 40‐year period for a very active meandering reach of the River Bollin, northwest England. The free meandering and rapid rates of changes provide insight into response timescales and processes. Morphological variations and rates of change are analysed in relation to peak flow parameters. The results show that the sinuosity has continuously increased since a resetting of the planform by multiple cutoffs in 2001, this autogenic trend underlying the effects of flow events. Width of the channel has varied by 50% between map dates, corresponding to discharge characteristics of each 6‐year period and integrating the impacts of individual events. A trend of decrease in intensity of erosion and deposition and of narrowing for the period 2001–2019 is apparent and may be an indication of the recovery and adjustment time to the major morphological changes in 2001. Other possible influences include decline in sediment supply but no obvious external cause is identified. A feedback effect of lower process rates producing less sediment from banks which decreases rates of channel movement may be occurring. A major contributor to the process rate decline and narrowing could be an increase in riparian vegetation cover. Complex sequences of change between peak flow events emerge, unrelated to discharge magnitude or numbers of peak events, and a process of basal bank sedimentation followed by upper bank deposition is evident. Channel capacity varies by up to 30% year to year, which has major implications for variability of flood risk and floodplain inundation.
The effects of cyanobacterial biofilms on water transport and retention of natural building stones
Authors: Schröer Laurenz , De Kock Tim , Godts Sebastiaan , Boon Nico , Cnudde Veerle 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWater affects the susceptibility of stone to alteration by facilitating physical, chemical and biological weathering. Stone properties determine water transport and retention, but it is also expected that biofilms and extracellular polymeric substances could alter the water–stone relationship. A lot of research on this subject has been carried out on soils, but the effect on stones is understudied. For this reason, three sedimentary building stones, Ernzen, Euville and Savonnières, each with a different pore size distribution, were biofouled with cyanobacteria. Their relationship with the stone material was investigated by optical and electron microscopy, and the effect of cyanobacterial biofilms on water transport and retention was studied. The results showed that the cyanobacteria primarily colonize the building stones on the outer surface and have a limited effect on the water transport properties. They slightly reduced the capillary coefficient and drying rate of the stones, but enhanced the water content in the stone and increased water vapour sorption. They induced (near) hydrophobic conditions, but had no measurable effect on the gas permeability and water vapour diffusion. Moreover, swelling and shrinkage of the biofilms were observed, which could potentially induce physical weathering. It is expected that these changes could influence other forms of weathering, such as freeze–thaw weathering and salt weathering.
Progress in the efficacy and mechanism of spinal cord stimulation in neuropathological pain
Authors: Li Shun‐Lian , Li Jing , Xu Hui‐Chan , Liu Yu‐Cong , Yang Ting‐Ting , Yuan Hao 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNeuropathic pain (NP) is a long‐term recurrent disease caused by somatosensory nervous system injury, with spontaneous pain, hyperalgesia, ectopic pain, and paresthesia as the main clinical manifestations. It adversely affects patients' quality of life. NP treatments often include medication, physical therapy, and invasive therapy; the first two therapies are generally ineffective for some NP patients. These patients sometimes rely on invasive therapy to alleviate pain. Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is a very effective therapeutic method. SCS is a neuroregulatory method that involves placing the electrodes on the corresponding painful spinal cords. Pain is greatly alleviated after SCS. SCS has been proven to be an effective therapeutic method for the treatment of neurological pain. Furthermore, SCS provides a feasible approach for patients with unsuccessful drug treatment. This paper reviews the relevant literature of spinal cord electrical stimulation, focusing on the mechanism of action, clinical application, clinical efficacy and technical progress of spinal cord electrical stimulation. SCS is widely used in the treatment of NP diseases such as postherpetic neuralgia, back surgery failure syndrome, and phantom limb pain. With advancements in science and technology, tremendous progress has also been made in the spinal cord electrical stimulation method and good momentum has been maintained.