bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mobile Health Technology, Exercise Adherence and Optimal Nutrition post rehabilitation among people with Parkinson’s Disease (mHEXANUT) – a Randomized controlled trial protocol
Authors: Alnes Sigrid Ryeng , Laerum-Onsager Ellisiv , Bye Asta , Vistven Annette , Franzén Erika , Holst Mette , Brovold Therese 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Although it is well known that regular physical activity and exercise, as well as maintaining adequate nutritional status is important to delaying symptom development and maintaining physical capacity and function in people with Parkinson’s Disease (PD), many are unable to follow self-management recommendations. Active interventions have shown short-term effects, but there is a need for interventions that facilitate self-management over the course of the disease. Until now, no studies have combined exercise and nutritional interventions with an individual self-management approach in PD. Thus, we aim to examine the effect of a six-month mobile health technology(m-health)-based follow-up programme, focusing on self-management in exercise and nutrition, after an in-service interdisciplinary rehabilitation programme.
Methods
A single-blinded, two-group randomised controlled trial. Participants are Adults aged 40 or older, with idiopathic PD, Hoehn-Yahr 1-3, living at home. The intervention group receives a monthly, individualized, digital conversation with a PT, combined with use of an activity tracker. People at nutritional risk get additional digital-follow-up from a nutritional specialist. The control group receives usual care. The primary outcome is physical capacity, measured by 6-minute walk test (6MWT). Secondary outcomes are nutritional status, Health related quality of life (HRQOL), physical function and exercise adherence. All measurements are performed at baseline, after 3 months and after 6 months. Sample size, based on primary outcome, is set at 100 participants randomized into the two arms, including an estimated 20% drop out.
Discussion
The increasing prevalence of PD globally makes it even more important to develop evidence-based interventions that can increase motivation to stay active, promote adequate nutritional status and improve self-management in people with PD. Theindividually tailored digital follow-up programme, based on evidence-based practice, has the potential to promote evidence-based decision-making and to empower people with PD to implement exercise and optimal nutrition in their daily lives and, hopefully, increase adherence to exercise and nutritional recommendations.
Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04945876). First registration 01.03.2021.
A Vision Transformer Architecture for the Automated Segmentation of Retinal Fluids in Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography Images
Authors: Philippi Daniel , Rothaus Kai , Castelli Mauro 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) is one of the major causes of irreversible blindness and is characterized by accumulations of different fluids inside the retina. An early detection and activity monitoring of predominately three types of fluids, namely intra-retinal fluid (IRF), sub-retinal fluid (SRF), and pigment epithelium detachment (PED), is critical for a successful treatment. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) revolutionized nAMD treatment by providing cross-sectional, high-resolution images of the retina. Automatic segmentation and quantification of IRF, SRF, and PED in SD-OCT images can be extremely useful for clinical decision-making. Despite the use of state-of-the-art convolutional neural network (CNN)-based methods, the task remains challenging due to relevant variations in the location, size, shape, and texture of the fluids. This work is the first to adopt a transformer-based method to automatically segment retinal fluid from SD-OCT images and qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate its performance against CNN-based methods. The method combines the efficient long-range feature extraction and aggregation capabilities of Vision Transformers (ViTs) with data-efficient training of CNNs. The proposed method was tested on a private dataset containing 3842 2-dimensional SD-OCT retina images, manually labeled by experts of the Franziskus-Eye-Hospital. While one of the competitors presents a better performance in terms of Dice score, the proposed method is significantly less computationally expensive. Thus, future research will focus on the proposed network's architecture to increase its segmentation performance while maintaining its computational efficiency.
Patterns of bladder management and associated factors among community-dwelling persons with spinal cord injury: a latent class analysis
Authors: Zhang Mengyang , Chen Ye , Liu Jiawei , Luo Can , Chen Zhong , Xu Tao 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
People with spinal cord injury are vulnerable to neuropathic lower urinary tract dysfunction. Active bladder management is crucial to manage the neuropathic lower urinary tract dysfunction. Understanding the type of bladder management patterns will assist with targeted intervention for people with spinal cord injury. Thus, this study aimed to identify different patterns of bladder management among community-dwelling persons with spinal cord injury and explore the factors associated with latent classes.
Methods
The study was conducted in four regions (eastern region, northeast region, central region and western region) in China from August 3, 2020 to August 31, 2020. A convenience sample of 2582 participants was included in the analysis. The data were collected by a questionnaire consisting of socio-demographic factors, disease-related factors, and a list of 8 bladder management methods. Latent class analysis was used to identify different latent classes of bladder management. Then the multinomial logistic regression was applied to analyze the relationship between bladder management patterns and socio-demographic and disease-related factors.
Results
Bladder management pattern among community-dwelling persons with spinal cord injury was divided into four latent classes: “urinal collecting apparatus dominated pattern” (40.3%), “bladder compression dominated pattern” (30.7%), “intermittent catheterization dominated pattern” (19.3%) and “urethral indwelling catheterization dominated pattern” (9.6%). Multinomial logistic regression analysis found that the employment status, residential region, nursing need, payment method for catheterization products, hand function, time since spinal cord injury, urinary incontinence and concerns about social interaction affected by urination problems were significantly associated with latent classes.
Conclusion
Only 19.3% of people used the intermittent catheterization as their main bladder management method. More attention needs to be paid to the promotion of the standardization process of intermittent catheterization in community-dwelling persons with spinal cord injury. The associated factors of the four classes can be used for tailored and targeted interventions to increase the use of intermittent catheterization.
Structure-based insight into development of selective and non-selective amylin and calcitonin receptor agonists
Authors: Cao Jianjun , Belousoff Matthew , Danev Radostin , Fletcher Madeleine , Maso Emma dal , Schreuder Herman , Lorenz Katrin , Evers Andreas , Tiwari Garima , Besenius Melissa , Li Ziyu , Johnson Rachel , Wootten Denise , Sexton Patrick M. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Targeting amylin (Amy) receptors (AMYRs) can reduce body weight with additional benefits to other anti-obesity treatments such as glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists. AMYRs are heterodimers of the calcitonin receptor (CTR) and one of three receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMPs), yielding AMY1R, AMY2R and AMY3R, respectively. A hallmark of AMYR activation by Amy is the formation of a secondary structural motif, termed a “bypass motif” (residues S19-P25) that partly contributes to selective activation of cAMP responses at AMYRs over CTR. This study explored the feasibility of tuning the selectivity of Amy analogues by modifying the residues (19-22) located within the bypass motif, resulting in a selective AMYR agonist, San385, as well as a series of non-selective dual amylin and calcitonin receptor agonists (DACRAs), with San45 being an exemplar. We determined the structure and dynamics of San385-bound AMY3R, as well as San45-bound AMY3R and CTR, decoding the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of these peptides. In particular, San45 is conjugated at position 19 with a lipid modification that anchors the peptide at the edge of receptor bundle and enables an alternate binding mode when bound to the CTR, in addition to the bypass mode of binding to AMY3R. This unique mechanism provides a single intervention strategy through targeted lipid modification to the structure-based design of long-acting, non-selective, Amy-based DACRAs with potential anti-obesity effects.
Acute septic deep venous thrombosis of the lower extremities due to foreign body injury and infection: a case report
Authors: Zheng Guofu , Xie Hailiang , Lai Minggui , Ye Bo , Liu Xiaochun 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background: Septic deep venous thrombosis (DVT) of the lower extremities caused by foreign bodies is rare in the clinic, and the symptoms are serious. If the correct treatment is not implemented as soon as possible, the patient may progress to sepsis.
Case presentation: We report the case of a 51-year-old normally healthy male who developed fever 3 days after field work. He was diagnosed with scrub typhus but did not respond well to anti-infective treatment. After a detailed inquiry of his medical history and an auxiliary examination, the diagnosis was confirmed as septic DVT of the left lower limb caused by a foreign body. After surgery, anticoagulation and anti-infection treatment, the infection and thrombosis were controlled, and the patient was cured and discharged.
Conclusions: Early detection of the aetiology of sepsis and early adoption of the correct measures can effectively block the progression of the disease and reduce patients’ pain. Clinicians should identify the source of sepsis through a medical history and clinical examination.
A case of an occult bronchial foreign body in the right upper lung of an adult
Authors: Huang Xiaoqing , Qiu Jinfeng , Zhang Zhihuan , Lin Sujuan , Song Mei , Zheng Yongyuan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Bronchial foreign bodies (BFBs) are less common in adults. An occult bronchial foreign body (OBFB) is a BFB with nontypical history, symptoms, physical signs and imaging, and is prone to either a delayed diagnosis, a missed diagnosis, or a misdiagnosis. There are no reported cases of adult OBFBs present in the upper lobe of the right lung alone.
Case Description
A 57-year-old previously healthy woman with no history of foreign body aspiration presented with recurrent cough and sputum that was present from August 2021 to May 2022. Her chest computed tomography (CT) suggested pneumonia in the upper lobe of the right lung, and tuberculosis had to be ruled out. After the laboratory tests to exclude tuberculosis were performed, she was diagnosed with pneumonia of the upper lobe of the right lung. Her symptoms were still recurrent after anti-infection and expectorant treatment. Finally, a yellowish-white substance (curd-like or cottage cheese-like) was found in the upper lobe of the right lung under flexible bronchoscopy, and the patient's cough and sputum symptoms were significantly relieved after removal of the substance.
Conclusions
OBFBs in adults are clinically rare and are prone to either a delayed diagnosis, a missed diagnosis or a misdiagnosis. A patient can be suspected of having a BFB after meeting the 4 conditions of OBFB and having any one indicator—risk factors, indirect signs of lesions on CT, or recurrent respiratory symptoms after treatment. Flexible bronchoscopy is necessary, and rigid bronchoscopy and surgery can be alternate means.
Indoor environmental quality and employees’ workplace satisfaction: a case study of university buildings
Authors: Taherkhani Roohollah , Hashempour Najme , Motamedi Shadi , Asadi Somayeh 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIndoor environmental quality (IEQ) is an effective factor in evaluating the performance of employees in the workplace. This paper aims to investigate the IEQ of an office building of Imam Khomeini International University (IKIU), by evaluating the relationship between staffs' satisfaction and the orientation, window to wall ratio (WWR), and their gender. The results indicated that the size and landscape of the rooms, WWR, place of worktables, cooling and heating facilities and lighting systems, upgrading partitions and adding new spaces without increasing systems capacity, and the shared space usage by multi-users are the key factors that impact users’ satisfaction. Moreover, user comfort did not only depend on the features and equipment of the building and physical and physiological factors, but also on the habits, culture, and expectations of individuals. The results showed the same thermal satisfaction for both genders in the warm season and slightly higher dissatisfaction of females (4.62% higher compared to men) in the cold season. In addition, the main sources of noise were from the doors and the students passing the hallways. In conclusion, improving indoor air quality and thermal comfort were the most important ways to improve users' performance. This study is the first research concentrated on evaluating the current status of offices and presenting solutions to improve the IEQ factors in order to improve IKIU employees’ performance.
Resonant Second Harmonic Generation in an Array of Magnetized Anharmonic Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Vij Shivani , Kumar Sandeep , Thakur Vishal , Kant Niti , Singh Vikramjeet 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
An analytical model of second harmonic generation (SHG) from amplitude modulated laser irradiated carbon nanotubes (CNTs) implanted in silica substrate is presented. In the interaction of an intense amplitude modulated laser with an array of magnetized anharmonic CNTs, a force is exerted on the electrons of CNTs due to the electric field of the laser. The exerted force causes the displacement of the electrons which is of the order of the radius of CNTs due to their nanoscale dimensions. In turn, the restoring force of the electrons becomes a nonlinear function of the displacement and results in anharmonicity. The CNTs are magnetized by applying the magnetic field perpendicularly to the beam propagation direction. The anharmonicity in CNTs broadens the plasmon resonance. The effects of the amplitude modulated parameter and CNTs parameters on the amplitude of the second harmonic are analyzed. The magnetic field also helps to enhance the power of generated second harmonic.
Biocontrol of Rhizoctonia solani in Basmati Rice by the Application of Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Weissella confusa
Authors: Akhtar Maira , Nosheen Asia , Keyani Rumana , Yasmin Humaira , Naz Rabia , Mumtaz Saqib , Hassan Muhammad Nadeem 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Rice is a staple food crop and is a major source of employment and income in the world. But attack of fungal disease poses a serious threat to the crop growth and productivity and leads toward yield loses. Therefore, current study was performed to evaluate the biocontrol potential of Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Weissella confusa in basmati rice against Rhizoctonia solani. Agar disc method was performed to evaluate the antifungal activity of both bacteria against R. solani. Petri plate and pot experiments were conducted to evaluate the growth promotion and biocontrol potential of both bacteria in Basmati rice under R. solani stress. Results indicated that maximum antifungal activity (82%) was recorded by L. rhamnosus. In petri plate experiment, maximum root length was resulted by W. confusa and maximum shoot length by L. rhamnosus. In pot experiment, both bacteria enhanced the growth of Basmati rice. L. rhamnosus + R. solani showed increase in the proline and sugar contents. Plant defense enzymes i-e SOD, POD, CAT, PPO and PAL were notably increased by W. confusa + R. solani and L. rhamnosus + R. solani. The L. rhamnosus showed the best results in antifungal activity against R. solani and W. confusa showed the best results in production of defense enzymes in basmati rice against R. solani stress and can be suggested as the potent biocontrol agents for the rice crop.
Trends of insecticide resistance monitoring in mainland Tanzania, 2004–2020
Authors: Tungu Patrick K. , Kabula Bilali , Nkya Theresia , Machafuko Pendael , Sambu Edward , Batengana Bernard , Sudi Wema , Athmani Yahaya , Mwingira Victor , Masue Denis , Malima Robert , Kitojo Chonge , Serbantez Naomi , Reaves Erik J. , Mwalimu Charles , Nhiga Samwel L. , Ally Mohamed , Mkali Humphrey R. , Joseph Joseph J. , Chan Adeline , Ngondi Jeremiah , Lalji Shabbir , Nyinondi Ssanyu , Eckert Erin , Reithinger Richard , Magesa Stephen , Kisinza William N. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Insecticide resistance is a serious threat to the continued effectiveness of insecticide-based malaria vector control measures, such as long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS) of households with insecticide. We describe the trends and dynamics of insecticide resistance and its underlining mechanisms from annual resistance monitoring surveys on Anopheles gambiae s.l. populations conducted across mainland Tanzania from 2004 to 2020.
Methods
The World health Organization (WHO) standard protocols were used to detect susceptibility of the wild female Anopheles gambiae s.l. mosquitoes to insecticides, with mosquitoes exposed to diagnostic concentrations of permethrin, deltamethrin, lambdacyhalothrin, bendiocarb, and pirimiphos-methyl. WHO test papers at 5× and 10× the diagnostic concentrations were used to assess the intensity of resistance to pyrethroids; piperonyl butoxide (PBO) synergist tests were carried out in sites where mosquitoes were found to be resistant to pyrethroids. To estimate insecticide resistance trends from 2004 to 2020, mosquito mortalities from each site and time point were aggregated and regression analysis of mortality versus the Julian dates of bioassays was performed.
Results
Percentage of sites with pyrethroid resistance increased from 0% in 2004 to more than 80% in the 2020, suggesting resistance has been spreading geographically. Results indicate a strong negative association (p = 0.0001) between pyrethroids susceptibility status and survey year. The regression model shows that by 2020 over 40% of An. gambiae s.l. mosquitoes survived exposure to pyrethroids at their respective diagnostic doses. A decreasing trend of An. gambiae s.l. susceptibility to bendiocarb was observed over time, but this was not statistically significant (p = 0.8413). Anopheles gambiae s.l. exhibited high level of susceptibility to the pirimiphos-methyl in sampled sites.
Conclusions
An. gambiae s.l., Tanzania’s major malaria vector, is now resistant to pyrethroids across the country with resistance increasing in prevalence and intensity and has been spreading geographically between 2011 to 2020. This calls for urgent action for efficient malaria vector control tools to sustain the gains obtained in malaria control. Strengthening insecticide resistance monitoring is important for its management through evidence generation for effective malaria vector control decision making.
Investigation of Hippo pathway-related prognostic lncRNAs and molecular subtypes in liver hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Su Qiongfei , Hua Fengyang , Xiao Wanying , Liu Baoqiu , Wang Dongxia , Qin Xintian 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to investigate Hippopathway-related prognostic long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and their prognostic value in liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC).
Methods: Expression and clinical data regarding LIHC were acquired from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI) array databases. Hippo pathway-related lncRNAs and their prognostic value were revealed, followed by molecular subtype investigations. Differences in survival, clinical characteristics, immune cell infiltration, and checkpoint expression between the subtypes were explored. LASSO regression was used to determine the most valuable prognostic lncRNAs, followed by the establishment of a prognostic model. Survival and differential expression analyses were conducted between two groups (high- and low-risk).
Results: A total of 313 Hippo pathway-related lncRNAs were identified from LIHC, of which 88 were associated with prognosis, and two molecular subtypes were identified based on their expression patterns. These two subtypes showed significant differences in overall survival, pathological stage and grade, vascular invasion, infiltration abundance of seven immune cells, and expression of several checkpoints, such as CTLA-4 and PD-1/L1 (P<0.05). LASSO regression identified the six most valuable independent prognostic lncRNAs for establishing a prognosis risk model. Risk scores calculated by the risk model assigned patients into two risk groups with an AUC of 0.913 and 0.731, respectively, indicating that the high-risk group had poor survival. The risk score had an independent prognostic valuewith an HR of 2.198. In total, 3007 genes were dysregulated between the two risk groups, and the expression of most genes was elevated in the high-risk group, involving the cell cycle and pathways in cancers.
Conclusion: Hippo pathway-related lncRNAs could stratify patients for personalized treatment and predict the prognosis of patients with LIHC.
The dynamic functional connectivity fingerprint of high-grade gliomas
Authors: Moretto Manuela , Silvestri Erica , Facchini Silvia , Anglani Mariagiulia , Cecchin Diego , Corbetta Maurizio , Bertoldo Alessandra 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Resting state fMRI has been used in many studies to investigate the impact of brain tumours on functional connectivity (FC). So far, these studies assume that FC is stationary, disregarding that the brain fluctuates over dynamic states. Here we employed resting state fMRI data of 33 patients with high-grade gliomas and 33 healthy controls to study the dynamic interplay between resting state networks and to gain insights on the impact of brain tumours on functional dynamics. Exploiting Hidden Markov Models, we showed that functional dynamics exist even in presence of a high-grade glioma and that patients featured a global decrease of connections strength as well as of network segregation. Through a multivariate analysis, we further showed that patients’ cognitive scores are highly predictive of pathological dynamics, corroborating our hypothesis that functional dynamics might be valuable biomarkers to better disentangle high-grade gliomas traits.