bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of cholesterol, lipoproteins, and neutrophilic-lymphocytic ratio in patients with pneumonia
Authors: Abd El-Aaty Hesham E. , El-Mahallawy Ibrahim I. , Abd Elmaksoud Fatma G. , Abdelaal Gehan A. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background

Lipids play numerous functions in lung biology and pathophysiology of infection, in addition to their role in lipid transport, lipoproteins share in innate immunity that is the most important way for the host to defend against microbes. The NLR (neutrophil-lymphocytic ratio) is a good indicator of systemic inflammation and infection.

Objective
To evaluate the role of cholesterol, lipoproteins, and neutrophilic-lymphocytic ratio in the assessment of patients with pneumonia.

Patients and methods
This prospective case–control study included 52 subjects; they were categorized into 2 groups. Group A included 42 patients with pneumonia admitted to the Chest Department,Menoufia University, and group B included 10 healthy people during the period from May 2019 to December 2019. History taking, clinical examination, laboratory investigation in the form of CBC and lipid profile, and radiological investigation in the form of CXR and CT chest if needed were done to all subjects of the study.

Results
The mean cholesterol level in group A was 149.76 ± 42.79 which was statistically significantly lower as compared with group B (165.90 ± 45.50) (p = 0.039). The mean HDL level in group A was 43.16 ± 6.32 which was statistically significantly lower as compared with group B (50.51 ± 9.60) (p = 0.026). No statistically significant difference was found in the triglyceride level, LDL level and VLDL between the subjects in the two studied groups (p = 0.479, 0.792, and 0.606), respectively, but all levels were still within normal levels. Mean NLR in group A was 7.04 ± 7.98 which was statistically significantly higher as compared with group B (3.04 ± 1.6) (p = 0.004). Roc curve of neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio shows that the cutoff point is 1.94 and the N/L ratio had area under curve of 78% with 79.6% sensitivity and 67.8% specificity.

Conclusion
Serum cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein levels significantly decreased in patients with pneumonia when compared to the control group but were still within normal range. Lipid profile is affected by different variables like smoking index, body mass index, and sex. The neutrophil–lymphocyte at cutoff point is 1.94, and N/L ratio had area under curve of 78% with 79.6% sensitivity and 67.8% specificity.

Trial registration
TCTR, TCTR20220524001. Registered on 24 May 2022, retrospectively registered.
Children in foster care with symptoms of reactive attachment disorder: feasibility randomised controlled trial of a modified video-feedback parenting intervention
Authors: Oliveira Paula , Barge Lydia , Stevens Eloise , Byford Sarah , Shearer James , Spies Ruan , Comyn Julie , Langley Kirsty , Ramchandani Paul , Wright Barry , Woolgar Matt , Kennedy Eilis , Scott Stephen , Barlow Jane , Glaser Danya , Senior Rob , Fonagy Peter , Fearon Pasco 
Published: July 2022

Background
Looked-after children are at risk of suboptimal attachment patterns and reactive attachment disorder (RAD). However, access to interventions varies widely, and there are no evidence-based interventions for RAD.

Aims
To modify an existing parenting intervention for children with RAD in the UK foster care setting, and test the feasibility of conducting a randomised controlled trial (RCT) of the modified intervention.

Method
The intervention was modified with expert input and tested on a case series. A feasibility and pilot RCT compared the new intervention with usual care. Foster carers and children in their care aged ≤6 years were recruited across nine local authorities, with 1:1 allocation and blind post-treatment assessments. The modified intervention was delivered in-home by trained mental health professionals over 4–6 months. Children were assessed for RAD symptoms, attachment quality and emotional/behavioural difficulties, and foster carers were assessed for sensitivity and stress.

Results
Minimal changes to the intervention programme were necessary, and focused on improving its suitability for the UK foster care context. Recruitment was challenging, and remained below target despite modifications to the protocol and the inclusion of additional sites. Thirty families were recruited to the RCT; 15 were allocated to each group. Most other feasibility outcomes were favourable, particularly high numbers of data and treatment completeness. The revised intervention was positively received by practitioners and foster carers.

Conclusions
A large-scale trial may be feasible, but only if recruitment barriers can be overcome. Dedicated resources to support recruitment within local authorities and wider inclusion criteria are recommended.
Sex-specific factors associated with lifetime suicide attempt among patients with alcohol use disorders
Authors: Pandey Susmita , Bolstad Ingeborg , Lien Lars , Walby Fredrik A. , Myhre Martin Øverlien , Bramness Jørgen G. 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundPatients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) are at high risk for suicide attempts. Mental health problems along with AUD-related factors may contribute to this increased risk. Studies have shown sex differences in rates and correlates of suicide attempts.AimsThe purpose of the study was to examine mental-health-related and AUD-related factors associated with suicide attempt separately in female and male AUD patients.MethodWe collected information about lifetime suicide attempt and mental-health- and AUD-related factors for AUD in-patients (n= 114; 32 females) receiving rehabilitative treatment.ResultsThe prevalence of lifetime suicide attempt was 27%, and the rate was similar in both sexes. Among females, current depressive symptoms and current post-traumatic stress disorder diagnosis were associated with suicide attempt. In male AUD patients, among the mental-health-related factors, lifetime major depression, panic disorder, social phobia, childhood sexual abuse and antisocial personality disorder were associated with suicide attempt. In addition, AUD-related factors including longer duration of drinking, history of delirium tremens, greater severity of AUD and lower levels of prolactin were associated with suicide attempt in males.ConclusionsOur results indicate that suicide attempts in female AUD patients were more mental-health-related, whereas those in males were also related to the severity of AUD. This suggests that a suicide prevention programme for AUD patients would benefit from a sex-based understanding of the risk factors.
Venetoclax Plus Gilteritinib for FLT3-Mutated Relapsed/Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Daver Naval , Perl Alexander E. , Maly Joseph , Levis Mark , Ritchie Ellen , Litzow Mark , McCloskey James , Smith Catherine C. , Schiller Gary , Bradley Terrence , Tiu Ramon V. , Naqvi Kiran , Dail Monique , Brackman Deanna , Siddani Satya , Wang Jing , Chyla Brenda , Lee Paul , Altman Jessica K. 
Published: July 2022

PURPOSE The FMS-related tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) inhibitor gilteritinib is standard therapy for relapsed/refractory FLT3-mutated ( FLT3 mut) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) but seldom reduces FLT3 mut burden or induces sustained efficacy. Gilteritinib combines synergistically with the BCL-2 inhibitor venetoclax in preclinical models of FLT3 mut AML. METHODS This phase Ib open-label, dose-escalation/dose-expansion study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03625505 ) enrolled patients with FLT3 wild-type and FLT3 mut (escalation) or FLT3 mut (expansion) relapsed/refractory AML. Patients received 400 mg oral venetoclax once daily and 80 mg or 120 mg oral gilteritinib once daily. The primary objectives were safety, identification of the recommended phase II dose, and the modified composite complete response (mCRc) rate (complete response [CR] + CR with incomplete blood count recovery + CR with incomplete platelet recovery + morphologic leukemia-free state) using ADMIRAL phase III–defined response criteria. RESULTS Sixty-one patients were enrolled (n = 56 FLT3 mut); 64% (n = 36 of 56) of FLT3 mut patients had received prior FLT3 inhibitor therapy. The recommended phase II dose was 400 mg venetoclax once daily and 120 mg gilteritinib once daily. The most common grade 3/4 adverse events were cytopenias (n = 49; 80%). Adverse events prompted venetoclax and gilteritinib dose interruptions in 51% and 48%, respectively. The mCRc rate for FLT3 mut patients was 75% (CR, 18%; CR with incomplete blood count recovery, 4%; CR with incomplete platelet recovery, 18%; and morphologic leukemia-free state, 36%) and was similar among patients with or without prior FLT3 inhibitor therapy (80% v 67%, respectively). The median follow-up was 17.5 months. The median time to response was 0.9 months, and the median remission duration was 4.9 months (95% CI, 3.4 to 6.6). FLT3 molecular response (< 10−2) was achieved in 60% of evaluable mCRc patients (n = 15 of 25). The median overall survival for FLT3 mut patients was 10.0 months. CONCLUSION The combination of venetoclax and gilteritinib was associated with high mCRc and FLT3 molecular response rates regardless of prior FLT3 inhibitor exposure. Dose interruptions were needed to mitigate myelosuppression.
Case Report: Smoking as the risk factor of persistent STEMI after primary percutaneous coronary intervention: how it could be happen?
Authors: Pintaningrum Yusra , Yusuf Ricky Setiadi , Ramdani Baiq Hanida Aolia , Putri Shadiqa Rana , Wulandari Dwi Astuti 
Published: July 2022

Background Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a common disease. Smoking may increase the risk of ACS. The most advantageous therapy is percutaneous coronary intervention. This therapy may fail which is no-reflow phenomenon as the result. Total occlusion may increase the risk of no-reflow phenomenon which it could be worse with smoking as the habits. ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) may show in electrocardiogram (ECG). Case description A 37-year-old male came to the hospital with chest pain as the main complaint. ECG examination showed that there was wide anterior STEMI. Coronary angiography was then done and confirmed that there was total occlusion in left anterior descending artery. After two days hospitalization, the patient developed to cardiogenic shock and lead to acute decompensated heart failure. An ECG showed there was STEMI anterior after primary PCI. Discussion Many chemicals agent contain in cigarette smoking and it may induce the lipid oxidation which leads to plaque deposits. Plaque that deposits in coronary artery may rupture and make thrombus occlusion. This occlusion may partial or total, when there is total occlusion, STEMI was the result. Then, releasing the occlusion is needed for this situation ant PCI may be chosen as the therapy. Patient with wide ischemia may result the no-reflow phenomenon which may lead to heart failure and shock cardiogenic as the complication. Conclusion Smoking may induce ACS which leads to STEMI and may increase the failure of PCI therapy. No-reflow phenomenon is the evidence of miscarriage in therapy which it may increase because of smoking.
Deep tissue injury as possible pathogenesis of acute inflammatory swelling or cellulitis after connecting implant super-structures: a case series study
Authors: Jo Deuk-Won , Kim Young-Kyun , Kim Mijoo , Yi Yang-Jin 
Published: July 2022

Background: Acute swelling or cellulitis may develop within a few days after placing a definitive prosthesis or reconnecting a loose healing abutment/prosthesis, though its cause remains unclear. In this study, we propose a mechanism for the underlying pathogenesis. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the symptoms and signs, onset of symptoms, recovery duration, and laboratory data of seven women and two men (55–84 years) who exhibited acute swelling and pain around dental implants within a month of connecting definitive prosthesis or reconnecting a loose healing abutment/prosthesis between 2013 and 2021. Results: The extent of the swelling varied from the gingiva and vestibule around the implant to the face and neck regions. The swelling persisted despite removal of the connected superstructure. All patients recovered within three weeks of symptom onset. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the rapid onset of symptoms and signs, progress, duration, and etiology were consistent with the pathogenesis of deep tissue injury, which is characterized by acute inflammatory swelling that initiates from the interface between bone and subcutaneous tissue and progresses outward. Clinicians should be aware of the pathogenesis of pressure-induced injury and provide adequate treatment based on the underlying physiological process.
Micro-shear bond strength of different surface treatments on a polymer infiltrated ceramic network
Authors: Wahjuningrum Dian Agustin , Norberto Calvo Ramírez Juan , Fernanda Méndez Mendieta Luisa , Sari Amanda Andika , Pawar Ajinkya M. , Cruz González Alberto Carlos 
Published: July 2022

Background: Polymer infiltrated ceramic networks, or hybrid ceramics, are a combination of infiltrating polymerizable organic monomers into a pre-sintered porous ceramic matrix. In addition to having good mechanical properties, the polymer infiltrated ceramic network must comply with the possibility of adequate bonding to the resinous cement. The surface conditioning of this hybrid material must be carefully considered due to its organic composition and ceramic network. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the effect of hydrofluoric acid and a self-etching ceramic primer, under two different application times, on the bond strength of a polymer infiltrated ceramic network. Methods: Blocks of a polymer infiltrated ceramic network were cut to obtain sheets, and these were randomized into five groups. For the group termed AAS, airborne-particle abrasion with Al2O3 (aluminum oxide) of 50µm was used. For groups HF2 and HF6, hydrofluoric acid was used for 20 and 60 seconds respectively, and for the groups MB2 and MB6, a self-etch ceramic primer was applied for 20 and 60 seconds respectively. A silane was applied to the groups AAS, HF2, and HF6 after the treatment. After 24-hour storage in distilled water, a micro-shear bond strength test was performed using a universal mechanical testing machine. All samples were evaluated in a stereomicroscope at 40x and 50x to determine the type of failure. Results: The highest and lowest values of bond strength were reported by groups MB6 and AAS, respectively. Groups HF2, HF6, MB6, and MB2 did not report statistically significant differences. The predominant failure pattern was a mixed failure. Conclusions: With the limitations of the present investigation, the treatments of self-etching ceramic primer and hydrofluoric acid followed by silane were reported to be statistically equal at 20 and 60 seconds.
The Childhood Acute Illness and Nutrition (CHAIN) network nested case-cohort study protocol: a multi-omics approach to understanding mortality among children in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia
Authors: Njunge James M. , Tickell Kirkby , Diallo Abdoulaye Hama , Sayeem Bin Shahid Abu Sadat Mohammad , Gazi Md. Amran , Saleem Ali , Kazi Zaubina , Ali Syed , Tigoi Caroline , Mupere Ezekiel , Lancioni Christina L. , Yoshioka Emily , Chisti Mohammod Jobayer , Mburu Moses , Ngari Moses , Ngao Narshion , Gichuki Bonface , Omer Elisha , Gumbi Wilson , Singa Benson , Bandsma Robert , Ahmed Tahmeed , Voskuijl Wieger , Williams Thomas N. , Macharia Alex , Makale Johnstone , Mitchel Anna , Williams Jessica , Gogain Joe , Janjic Nebojsa , Mandal Rupasri , Wishart David S. , Wu Hang , Xia Lei , Routledge Michael , Gong Yun Yun , Espinosa Camilo , Aghaeepour Nima , Liu Jie , Houpt Eric , Lawley Trevor D. , Browne Hilary , Shao Yan , Rwigi Doreen , Kariuki Kevin , Kaburu Timothy , Uhlig Holm H. , Gartner Lisa , Jones Kelsey , Koulman Albert , Walson Judd , Berkley James 
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Many acutely ill children in low- and middle-income settings have a high risk of mortality both during and after hospitalisation despite guideline-based care. Understanding the biological mechanisms underpinning mortality may suggest optimal pathways to target for interventions to further reduce mortality. The Childhood Acute Illness and Nutrition (CHAIN) Network (www.chainnnetwork.org) Nested Case-Cohort Study (CNCC) aims to investigate biological mechanisms leading to inpatient and post-discharge mortality through an integrated multi-omic approach. Methods and analysis; The CNCC comprises a subset of participants from the CHAIN cohort (1278/3101 hospitalised participants, including 350 children who died and 658 survivors, and 270/1140 well community children of similar age and household location) from nine sites in six countries across sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. Systemic proteome, metabolome, lipidome, lipopolysaccharides, haemoglobin variants, toxins, pathogens, intestinal microbiome and biomarkers of enteropathy will be determined. Computational systems biology analysis will include machine learning and multivariate predictive modelling with stacked generalization approaches accounting for the different characteristics of each biological modality. This systems approach is anticipated to yield mechanistic insights, show interactions and behaviours of the components of biological entities, and help develop interventions to reduce mortality among acutely ill children. Ethics and dissemination. The CHAIN Network cohort and CNCC was approved by institutional review boards of all partner sites. Results will be published in open access, peer reviewed scientific journals and presented to academic and policy stakeholders. Data will be made publicly available, including uploading to recognised omics databases. Trial registration NCT03208725.
Knowledge and risk assessment of depression among adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Charzyńska-Gula Marianna , Sabat Aneta , Ślusarska Barbara , Maciaszczyk Paweł , Rożek Grażyna 
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Depression, perceived in terms of a health problem, is a disorder that spreads dynamically in the youth population. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated the problem. Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the level of knowledge and the risk of depression in the environment of a selected group of young people in the initial period of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Material and methods: The study group consisted of 100 people - school students aged 15-20 years. An original questionnaire and the Kutcher Depression Scale for Youth were used. Results: The level of knowledge of adolescents about the risk factors for depression and symptoms that may indicate depression is average. Young people acquire knowledge from the Internet (41%) and TV programs (16%). Symptoms of depression were more frequent in: older participants of the study, those who assessed their financial situation as low, and students who had experience of depression in their family. The study revealed symptoms of depression in 22% of people. The severity of depression symptoms differed with age, self-esteem and family experience of depression.
Conclusions: The obtained results constitute the basis for undertaking urgent preventive measures - both in the educational and psychotherapeutic sphere.
Three Years, Two Papers, One Course Off: Optimal Nonmonetary Reward Policies
Authors: Gupta Shivam , Chen Wei , Dawande Milind , Janakiraman Ganesh 
Published: July 2022

We consider a principal who periodically offers a fixed and costly nonmonetary reward to agents to incentivize them to invest effort over the long run. An agent’s output, as a function of his effort, is a priori uncertain and is worth a fixed per-unit value to the principal. The principal’s goal is to design an attractive reward policy that specifies how the rewards are to be given to an agent over time based on that agent’s past performance. This problem, which we denote by [Formula: see text], is motivated by practical examples from both academia (e.g., a reduced teaching load) and industry (e.g., “Supplier of the Year” awards). The following “limited-term” (LT) reward policy structure has been quite popular in practice. The principal evaluates each agent periodically; if an agent’s performance over a certain (limited) number of periods in the immediate past exceeds a predefined threshold, then the principal rewards him for a certain (limited) number of periods in the immediate future. When agents’ outputs are deterministic in their efforts, we show that there always exists an optimal policy that is an LT policy and also, obtain such a policy. When agents’ outputs are stochastic, we show that the class of LT policies may not contain any optimal policy of problem [Formula: see text] but is guaranteed to contain policies that are arbitrarily near optimal. Given any [Formula: see text], we show how to obtain an LT policy whose performance is within ϵ of that of an optimal policy. This guarantee depends crucially on the use of sufficiently long histories of the agents’ outputs. We also analyze LT policies with short histories and derive structural insights on the role played by (i) the length of the available history and (ii) the variability in the random variable governing an agent’s output. We show that the average performance of these policies is within 5% of the optimum, justifying their popularity in practice. We then introduce and analyze the class of “score-based” reward policies; we show that this class is guaranteed to contain an optimal policy and also, obtain such a policy. Finally, we analyze a generalization in which the principal has a limited number for rewards in any given period and show that the class of score-based policies, with modifications to accommodate the limited availability of the rewards, continues to contain an optimal solution for the principal. This paper was accepted by Jeannette Song, operations management. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4482 .
Estimation precision for a normalized response matrix in linear polarization calibration
Authors: Li Xinkai , Miao Pengfei , He Lingping , Shen Heng , Wang Xiaodong , Gong Bowen , Gao Xingjun , Chen Bo 
Published: July 2022

The purpose of polarization calibration is to obtain the response matrix of an instrument such that the subsequent observation data can be corrected. The calibration precision, however, is partially restricted by the noise of the detector. We investigate the precision of the normalized response matrix in the presence of signal-independent additive noise or signal-dependent Poisson shot noise. The influences of the source intensity, type of noise, and calibration configuration on the precision are analyzed. We compare the theoretical model and the experimental measurements of the polarization calibration to show that the relative difference between the two is less than 16%. From this result, we can use the model to determine the minimum source intensity and choose the optimal configurations that provide the required precision.