bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A critical review of front‐loading: A maladaptive drinking pattern driven by alcohol's rewarding effects
Authors: Ardinger Cherish E. , Lapish Christopher C. , Czachowski Cristine L. , Grahame Nicholas J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFront‐loading is a drinking pattern in which alcohol intake is skewed toward the onset of reward access. This phenomenon has been reported across several different alcohol self‐administration protocols in a wide variety of species, including humans. The hypothesis of the current review is that front‐loading emerges in response to the rewarding effects of alcohol and can be used to measure the motivation to consume alcohol. Alternative or additional hypotheses that we consider and contrast with the main hypothesis are that: (1) front‐loading is directed at overcoming behavioral and/or metabolic tolerance and (2) front‐loading is driven by negative reinforcement. Evidence for each of these explanations is reviewed. We also consider how front‐loading has been evaluated statistically in previous research and make recommendations for defining this intake pattern in future studies. Because front‐loading may predict long‐term maladaptive alcohol drinking patterns leading to the development of alcohol use disorder (AUD), several future directions are proposed to elucidate the relationship between front‐loading and AUD.
Global warming facilitates the nesting of the loggerhead turtle on the Mediterranean coast of Spain
Authors: Cardona L. , San Martín J. , Benito L. , Tomás J. , Abella E. , Eymar J. , Aguilera M. , Esteban J. A. , Tarragó A. , Marco A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe ranges of many species are shifting poleward as global warming intensifies, but this process might be less intense in philopatric species, i.e. those with the tendency to reproduce at their natal sites. Marine turtles are highly philopatric and their vulnerability to global warming is exacerbated by a life history combining delayed sexual maturity, temperature‐dependent sex determination and low embryo survival at high incubation temperature. Detection of nesting events of loggerhead turtles in the Western Mediterranean Sea has increased largely during the first two decades of the 21st century, which could be a response to global warming or the result of increased sampling effort. The deployment of temperature data loggers at 52 beaches scattered along the Mediterranean coast of Spain demonstrated that sand temperature is currently high enough to allow the incubation of loggerhead turtles clutches in most Spanish beaches. However, the reconstruction of sand temperature from 1950 to 2019 revealed that thermal conditions suitable for the regular nesting of loggerhead turtles have existed in Spanish beaches only since 2010, although sporadic nesting was possible previously in exceptionally warm years. The future establishment of a self‐sustained population would probably require further increases in temperature, to ensure a female‐biased offspring production, but the process might be jeopardized by increased erosion and beach flooding resulting from sea level rise.
An assessment of what Hans Asperger knew about child euthanasia in Vienna during the Nazi occupation
Authors: Tatzer Ernst , Maleczek Werner , Waldhauser Franz 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimHans Asperger is probably best known for Asperger syndrome. However, he has been accused of knowingly and willingly participating in the National Socialist Child Euthanasia programme by referring patients to the Am Spiegelgrund children's home in Vienna. This later became notorious for euthanising disabled children. We investigated those allegations.MethodsClinicians and historians examined original documents and transcripts related to Asperger's referrals from the Viennese Therapeutic Pedagogy Unit, and corresponding Am Spiegelgrund admissions, up to 25 March 1943, when he was drafted.ResultsAsperger referred 13 children to Am Spiegelgrund. Eleven survived and apparently received adequate care that allowed them to achieve positive developments, but two girls died. Asperger referred these two girls during June and October 1941, before most of the deaths at Am Spiegelgrund occurred and before its euthanasia programme became public knowledge. Our detailed investigation of the medical records, Unit referral practices and Am Spiegelgrund provided no evidence that Asperger knew about the euthanasia programme at the time of the referrals. One death was probably due to euthanasia, but the other was less clear.ConclusionThere was no evidence that Asperger knew about the euthanasia programme when he referred two patients who died at Am Spiegelgrund.
Five‐year corneal cross‐linking outcomes: A Save Sight Keratoconus Registry Study
Authors: Ferdi Alex C. , Kandel Himal , Nguyen Vuong , Tan Jeremy , Arnalich‐Montiel Francisco , Abbondanza Marco , Watson Stephanie L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to determine the long‐term outcomes of epithelium‐off cross‐linking (CXL) in keratoconus patients.MethodsAn observational registry study from 41 centres across 5 countries was carried out. Primary outcomes included the mean change in visual acuity (VA), Kmax, K2, and thinnest corneal thickness (TCT) at 1–5 years. Secondary outcomes included the percentage of eyes with worsening, stable and improving outcomes.ResultsThere were 976 eyes of 794 patients with 1‐year of complete follow‐up, 501 eyes with 2‐years, 355 with 3‐years, 235 with 4‐years and 162 with 5‐years. There was a significant improvement in mean VA from baseline by 3.7 logMAR letters (p < 0.001) in year 1, and 6.9 (p < 0.001) in year 5. Mean Kmax decreased by 1.2 dioptres (D;p < 0.01) in year 1. During subsequent years the Kmax flattening appeared sustained but this was not statistically significant. K2 flattened significantly from baseline in year 1 and then remained stable. At 1 year, 4.1% patients were poor responders to CXL in terms of VA, losing ≥15 letters. The proportion of the poor responders remained unchanged: 4.9% at 5‐years. The proportion of poor responders in terms of Kmax remained similar: 5.9% steepening by ≥2D at 1‐year and 7.5% at 5‐years. The proportion of K2 poor responders remained stable with 4.7% steepening by ≥2D at 1‐year and 5.8% at 5‐years.ConclusionsCross‐linking is effective at stabilising keratoconus up to 5 years in most patients. However, a small proportion of eyes failed to stabilise and had reduced vision.
Learning in and beyond the classroom: Communities of practice in education support for separated children
Authors: Grant Maggie , Burns Andrew , Lucas Siân E. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSeparated children, seeking protection in a new country unaccompanied by parents or customary caregivers, have the right to education yet many face difficulties accessing appropriate provision. We analysed data from Scotland across different types of provision: one specialist programme for separated children and four areas providing a mixture of mainstream and adapted classes. Drawing on situated learning theory and the concept of communities of practice, we argue that supporting these learners requires collaborations with them and across professional boundaries. While highly effective communities of practice can and do develop organically, a coordinated approach to expanding them could bring additional benefits.
Association between smoking and Schneiderian membrane perforation during maxillary sinus floor augmentation: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Xia , Ma Siyuan , Lin Linni , Yao Qianqian 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the association between smoking and Schneiderian membrane perforation in sinus floor augmentation.Materials and methodsSearches were conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library. Data were extracted by two authors independently. The inclusion criteria were the (1) age of patients >18, (2) the number of participants >10, and (3) smoking and the patients of Schneiderian membrane perforation were accurately recorded. The risk of bias was assessed by the Newcastle–Ottawa scale (NOS). Statistics analyses were conducted using Reman5.4.1 and Stata (15.0). The association of Schneiderian membrane perforation with smoking habits during maxillary sinus floor elevation was expressed as odds ratios (ORs) with a 95% confidence interval (95% CIs). And the I2 statistic was used to estimate statistical heterogeneity. The funnel plot and Egger's tests were used to evaluate the reliability and stability of the results.ResultsOf 1463 articles screened, nine studies were included in our systematic review, and eight were synthesized for meta‐analysis. Eight were retrospective observational studies and one was a clinical trial, with a total of 1424 patients included. The nine studies were proved as high quality according to the NOS. There was no significant publication bias in the studies (p = 0.827). A random‐effects model was used because of differences in the adopted methodologies (p = 0.39, I2 = 5%). During maxillary sinus augmentation, smoking and Schneiderian membrane perforation were associated (odds ratios, 1.58 [95% CI, 1.10–2.25]).ConclusionSmoking increased the risk of membrane perforation in maxillary sinus floor augmentation. Our evaluation was limited by the poor reporting of the number of cigarettes smoked per day (PROSPERO number was CRD42022306570).
An efficient credit card fraud detection approach using cost‐sensitive weak learner with imbalanced dataset
Authors: Singh Ajeet , Jain Anurag 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe usage of credit cards is increasing in the digitization era to purchase goods online or offline, and the number of fraudulent credit card transactions has also increased. Fraudulent transaction detection is a big issue in the credit card domain because the data set is highly imbalanced. The performance of traditional classification techniques has decreased due to this issue. Therefore, a dynamic fraud detection system is required to overcome this issue. This article proposes an efficient cost‐sensitive weak learner approach with a bagging and random forest classifier (CSWLB) to minimize misclassification problems and overcome the class imbalance issue. The proposed CSWLB approach is included in an adaptive algorithmic method (cost‐sensitive) with two weak learner ensembles (bagging‐random forest), which assigns high weight to the fraudulent transactions using the cost‐sensitive learning classifier and generates weight bags using a bagging ensemble classifier. Therefore, the random forest classifier has been implemented on the weight bags to improve classification accuracy. The proposed approach's effectiveness and efficiency have been computed on the Brazilian credit card data set. Its results have been compared with sampling, cost‐sensitive, and machine learning techniques. The proposed CSWLB approach obtained 765 total costs and 97.361% accuracy. The experimental results show that the proposed approach has outperformed compared to other techniques.
Clinical, pathological, and molecular correlation of folliculocystic and collagen hamartoma: A new potential diagnostic criterion for tuberous sclerosis complex?
Authors: Apam‐Garduño David , Cazarín‐Barrientos Jorge , Hernández‐Martínez Nancy Leticia , Reyna‐Fabián Miriam Erandi , Magaña Mario , Alcántara‐Ortigoza Miguel Angel , González‐del Angel Ariadna , Rivera‐Vega María Refugio 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFolliculocystic and collagen hamartoma (FCCH) is a rare entity with only 18 reported cases worldwide. Of them, most are found in patients diagnosed with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). FCCH has distinctive histopathologic features, including collagen deposition in the dermis, perifollicular fibrosis, and comedones with keratin‐containing cysts lined by infundibular epithelium. We report three patients with a definitive TSC clinical diagnosis in whom clinical, histopathologic, and molecular features were studied to establish if there exists a genotype–phenotype correlation. The molecular results showed different heterozygous pathogenic variants (PV) in TSC2 in each patient: NM_000548.4:c.5024C>T, NG_005895.1:c.1599+1G>T, and NM_000548.4:c.2297_2298dup, to our knowledge; the latter PV has not been reported in public databases. The same PVs were identified as heterozygous in the tumor tissue samples, none of which yielded evidence of a TSC2 second hit. Because all FCCH patients with available molecular diagnosis carry a pathogenic genotype in TSC1 or TSC2, we suggest that FCCH should be considered as a new and uncommon diagnostic manifestation in the TSC consensus international diagnostic criteria. The early recognition of FCCH by clinicians could prompt the identification of new TSC cases. Interestingly, our molecular findings suggest that one of the patients described herein is a probable case of somatic mosaicism.
Projecting species distributions using fishery‐dependent data
Authors: Karp Melissa A. , Brodie Stephanie , Smith James A. , Richerson Kate , Selden Rebecca L. , Liu Owen R. , Muhling Barbara A. , Samhouri Jameal F. , Barnett Lewis A. K. , Hazen Elliott L. , Ovando Daniel , Fiechter Jerome , Jacox Michael G. , Pozo Buil Mercedes 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMany marine species are shifting their distributions in response to changing ocean conditions, posing significant challenges and risks for fisheries management. Species distribution models (SDMs) are used to project future species distributions in the face of a changing climate. Information to fit SDMs generally comes from two main sources: fishery‐independent (scientific surveys) and fishery‐dependent (commercial catch) data. A concern with fishery‐dependent data is that fishing locations are not independent of the underlying species abundance, potentially biasing predictions of species distributions. However, resources for fishery‐independent surveys are increasingly limited; therefore, it is critical we understand the strengths and limitations of SDMs developed from fishery‐dependent data. We used a simulation approach to evaluate the potential for fishery‐dependent data to inform SDMs and abundance estimates and quantify the bias resulting from different fishery‐dependent sampling scenarios in the California Current System (CCS). We then evaluated the ability of the SDMs to project changes in the spatial distribution of species over time and compare the time scale over which model performance degrades between the different sampling scenarios and as a function of climate bias and novelty. Our results show that data generated from fishery‐dependent sampling can still result in SDMs with high predictive skill several decades into the future, given specific forms of preferential sampling which result in low climate bias and novelty. Therefore, fishery‐dependent data may be able to supplement information from surveys that are reduced or eliminated for budgetary reasons to project species distributions into the future.
Hilly environment and frequency of going out‐of‐home among older adults: Examining moderating effect of driving status
Authors: Harada Kazuhiro , Masumoto Kouhei , Kikumasa Yuta , Okada Shuichi 
Published: October 2022

AimThe health benefits of “going out‐of‐home” frequently among older adults are well known. A hilly environment would inhibit this habit. This study examined (i) longitudinal associations between a hilly environment and the frequency of going out‐of‐home, and (ii) the moderating effect of driving status on their association among older adults.MethodsThis study involved a longitudinal study design. Data on 856 older adults in Nada Ward, Kobe, Japan, was obtained from a three‐wave questionnaire survey (Wave 1: December 2017 to January 2018; Wave 2: after 1 year; Wave 3: after 3 years). In each survey, the frequency of going out‐of‐home time was measured. The average land slope within 500 m network buffers of each participant's home was calculated as the index of the hilly environment. Driving status was also measured.ResultsThe latent growth model revealed that while a higher value of average land slope was not significantly associated with changes in the frequency of going out‐of‐home over time, it was significantly associated with a lower frequency of going out‐of‐home at the initial level. The interaction term in the latent growth model showed that driving status did not moderate the associations of the average land slope with the initial level of, and changes in, the frequency of going out‐of‐home.ConclusionsAlthough it remains unclear whether a hilly environment would accelerate a decline in the frequency of going out‐of‐home over time, this study found that older adults living in a hilly environment were less likely to leave their homes. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22: 961–967.
Zavegepant nasal spray for the acute treatment of migraine: A Phase 2/3 double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled, dose‐ranging trial
Authors: Croop Robert , Madonia Jennifer , Stock David A. , Thiry Alexandra , Forshaw Micaela , Murphy Abigail , Coric Vladimir , Lipton Richard B. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveEvaluate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of zavegepant nasal spray in the acute treatment of migraine.BackgroundCalcitonin gene‐related peptide‐targeting agents are a novel class of therapeutics for migraine, but none are currently available as a nonoral option for acute treatment. Zavegepant, a high‐affinity, selective, and structurally unique calcitonin gene‐related peptide‐receptor antagonist in late‐stage development, is formulated as a nasal spray for the acute treatment of migraine.MethodsThis randomized, dose‐ranging, placebo‐controlled, Phase 2/3 trial in adults aged ≥18 years with migraine (NCT03872453) was conducted at US study sites. Participants were randomized by an interactive web response system and treated a single attack of moderate to severe pain intensity with zavegepant nasal spray 5, 10, 20 mg, or placebo. Coprimary efficacy endpoints were pain freedom and freedom from the most bothersome symptom at 2 h postdose.ResultsOf the 1673 participants aged 18 to 79 years who were randomized, 1588 were treated with study medication, and 1581 (mean age 40.8 years, 85.5% female) were analyzed for efficacy: zavegepant 5 mg (n = 387), 10 mg (n = 391), 20 mg (n = 402), and placebo (n = 401). Zavegepant 10 and 20 mg were more effective than placebo on the coprimary endpoints of pain freedom at 2 h postdose (placebo: 15.5% [98.3% confidence interval (CI), 11.1, 19.8]; 10 mg: 22.5% [98.3% CI, 17.5, 27.6; p = 0.0113]; 20 mg: 23.1% [98.3% CI, 18.1, 28.2; p = 0.0055]) and freedom from the most bothersome symptom at 2 h postdose (placebo: 33.7% [98.3% CI, 28.0, 39.3]; 10 mg: 41.9% [98.3% CI, 36.0, 47.9; p = 0.0155]; 20 mg: 42.5% [98.3% CI, 36.6, 48.4; p = 0.0094]). Findings for the 5 mg dose were not significant. The most common treatment‐emergent adverse events with zavegepant 10 and 20 mg and placebo were dysgeusia (13.5% to 16.1% vs. 3.5%), nausea (2.7% to 4.1% vs. 0.5%), and nasal discomfort (1.3% to 5.2% vs. 0.2%). Most adverse events were mild or moderate and resolved without treatment. There was no signal of hepatotoxicity.ConclusionZavegepant nasal spray, in single doses of 10 or 20 mg, was effective for the acute treatment of migraine, with a favorable safety profile. Additional research is needed to confirm its potential as a nonoral medication for the acute treatment of migraine.
Frailty and frailty screening: A qualitative study to elicit perspectives of people living with HIV and their healthcare professionals
Authors: St Clair‐Sullivan Natalie , Simmons Kiersten , Harding Richard , Levett Thomas , Maddocks Matthew , Roberts Jonathan , Trotman Daniel , Yi Deokhee , Vera Jaime H. , Bristowe Katherine 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectivesPeople living with HIV are an ageing population with an increasing prevalence of frailty. Management of frailty requires assessment, communication and information sharing with patients. However, evidence regarding the meaning of frailty for this population, and the acceptability of frailty screening, is limited. This study aimed to explore the perceptions of older people living with HIV and HIV professionals towards frailty and routine screening for frailty.MethodsData collection consisted of in‐depth individual qualitative interviews with older people living with HIV and focus groups with HIV professionals purposively sampled from outpatient HIV clinics in London and Brighton, UK. Verbatim pseudonymised transcripts were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis supported by NVivo.ResultsA total of 45 people living with HIV were interviewed, and 12 HIV professionals participated in two focus groups. Frailty was described as a series of losses around mobility, social inclusion, independence and mental acuity, which could happen at any age. Regarding language, for people living with HIV, explicitly using the word frail was acceptable during screening when approached sensitively and alongside provision of information and support to slow the progression of frailty. However, HIV professionals described concerns about using the word frail for fear of causing distress or offence.ConclusionProfessionals described frailty in terms of functional deficits, whereas people living with HIV described a loss of personhood. Although there is a clear desire among people living with HIV to be informed of their frailty status, approaching conversations about frailty with understanding and compassion is vital. To gain the most from the screening, it is essential that frailty status is shared alongside a clear plan of actionable steps in their care.
Ad avoidance in the digital context: A systematic literature review and research agenda
Authors: Çelik Fatih , Çam Mehmet Safa , Koseoglu Mehmet Ali 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe recent growth in digital marketing investments and revenues has attracted the attention of both marketing practitioners and scholars. However, this growth has dramatically increased users' exposure to ad messages, encouraging consumers to avoid them. Therefore, ad avoidance has become a major problem for marketing practitioners. Although researchers have become much more interested in this subject over the past two decades, the body of knowledge on ad avoidance in the digital environment remains fragmented due to the lack of a comprehensive review. Therefore, a holistic overview study is needed that focuses on the big picture and can help researchers to understand the literature comprehensively. This study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the topic using a systematic literature review approach on digital ad avoidance. To this end, we provide an in‐depth content analysis of 56 relevant articles published in 31 peer‐reviewed scientific journals up to December 31, 2021. Based on a theories, contexts, characteristics, and methods (TCCM) framework, the study results shed light on ‘what do we know, how do we know, and where should research about digital ad avoidance research be heading?’ Additionally, drawing on the content analysis, we have presented an integrative framework that considers antecedents, outcomes, mediators, and moderators, which can help develop the field systematically and guide future research. By doing so, we think this review meets the need to give an overview of the state‐of‐the‐art scientific body of knowledge on digital ad avoidance and makes important and solid contributions to the literature, practical implications, and future research directions based on the findings.