bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lower Prevalence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection Among People Experiencing Homelessness Tested in Outdoor Encampments Compared With Overnight Shelters: Denver, Colorado, June–July 2020
Authors: Rowan Sarah E , McCormick David W , Wendel Karen A , Scott Tracy , Chavez-van de Hey Jesse , Wilcox Kay , Stella Sarah A , Kamis Kevin , Burman William J , Marx Grace E 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
A better understanding of the risk for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that people experiencing homelessness (PEH) face in congregate shelters versus unsheltered encampments is critical for an effective pandemic response.

Methods
We analyzed factors associated with current and past severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection among PEH in day and overnight shelters and encampments in Denver, Colorado, during June 2–July 28, 2020, and constructed multivariable logistic regression models to examine risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 RNA and seropositivity with age, race/ethnicity, testing location, testing month, and symptom status as predictor variables.

Results
A total of 823 participants were tested for SARS-CoV-2 RNA, and 276 individuals were tested for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. A greater percentage of PEH at overnight shelters tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA (8.6% vs 2.5%, P &lt; .01) and antibodies (21.5% vs 8.7%, P = .03) compared with encampments. In regression models, testing at an overnight shelter compared with testing at encampments (odds ratio [OR] = 3.03, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.16–9.02) had increased odds of a positive SARS-CoV-2 RNA result. Age &gt;60 years compared with age &lt;40 years (OR = 5.92; 95% CI: 1.83–20.3), Hispanic ethnicity (OR = 3.43; 95% CI: 1.36–8.95), and non-Hispanic Black race compared with non-Hispanic White race (OR = 3.07; 95% CI: 1.16–8.26), and testing at an overnight shelter compared to testing at encampments (OR = 2.45; 95% CI: 1.04–6.17) had increased odds of a positive antibody result.

Conclusions
Our findings support the need for continuing assessment of mitigation strategies in shelters, increasing access to individual rooms and linkage to housing options for PEH, and supporting people to remain in encampments when these options are not available.
Fate of patients weaned from post-cardiotomy extracorporeal life support
Authors: Schaefer Anne-Kristin , Riebandt Julia , Bernardi Martin H , Distelmaier Klaus , Goliasch Georg , Zimpfer Daniel , Laufer Günther , Wiedemann Dominik 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Although post-cardiotomy extracorporeal life support (PC-ECLS) is a potentially life-saving resource for patients with cardiopulmonary failure after cardiac surgery, adverse outcomes have been reported even in successfully weaned patients. The goal of this study was to assess outcome in patients weaned from PC-ECLS.

METHODS
Of 573 consecutive patients who received PC-ECLS at a single centre between 2000 and 2019, 478 patients were included in a retrospective analysis. Successful weaning was defined as survival &gt;24 h after extracorporeal life support (ECLS) explantation. Mortality of patients on ECLS, as well as in-hospital mortality of weaned patients, was assessed. A binary logistic regression model with backward elimination was used to identify predictors for in-hospital mortality after successful ECLS explantation.

RESULTS
Of 478 included patients, 120 patients (25.1%) died on ECLS or within 24 h after ECLS explantation. A total of 358 patients were successfully separated from ECLS and survived for &gt;24 h (n = 352 weaned, n = 3 transitioned to durable left ventricular assist device and n = 3 transitioned to a heart transplant). A total of 35.5% of patients who were successfully weaned from ECLS did not survive until hospital discharge. In-hospital deaths of the whole cohort were 51.7% (247/478 patients). For patients who survived to discharge (231/478 patients, 48.3%), survival was 87% after 1 year and 68.9% after 5 years.

CONCLUSIONS
In-hospital mortality of patients requiring PC-ECLS is high even in case of successful weaning. Longer ECLS duration, older age, female gender and low preoperative glomerular filtration rate were risk factors for in-hospital mortality after ECLS weaning. Survival of patients discharged after PC-ECLS was encouraging.
Light to moderate coffee consumption is associated with lower risk of death: a UK Biobank study
Authors: Simon Judit , Fung Kenneth , Raisi-Estabragh Zahra , Aung Nay , Khanji Mohammed Y , Kolossváry Márton , Merkely Béla , Munroe Patricia B , Harvey Nicholas C , Piechnik Stefan K , Neubauer Stefan , Petersen Steffen E , Maurovich-Horvat Pál 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Aims
To study the association of daily coffee consumption with all-cause and cardiovascular (CV) mortality and major CV outcomes. In a subgroup of participants who underwent cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging, we evaluated the association between regular coffee intake and cardiac structure and function.

Methods and results
UK Biobank participants without clinically manifested heart disease at the time of recruitment were included. Regular coffee intake was categorized into three groups: zero, light-to-moderate (0.5–3 cups/day), and high (&gt;3 cups/day). In the multivariate analysis, we adjusted for the main CV risk factors. We included 468 629 individuals (56.2 ± 8.1 years, 44.2% male), of whom 22.1% did not consume coffee regularly, 58.4% had 0.5–3 cups per day, and 19.5% had &gt;3 cups per day. Compared to non-coffee drinkers, light-to-moderate (0.5–3 cups per day) coffee drinking was associated with lower risk of all-cause mortality [multivariate hazard ratio (HR) = 0.88, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.83–0.92; P &lt; 0.001] and CV mortality (multivariate HR = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.74–0.94; P = 0.006), and incident stroke (multivariate HR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.63–0.99 P = 0.037) after a median follow-up of 11 years. CMR data were available in 30 650 participants. Both light-to-moderate and high coffee consuming categories were associated with dose-dependent increased left and right ventricular end-diastolic, end-systolic and stroke volumes, and greater left ventricular mass.

Conclusion
Coffee consumption of up to three cups per day was associated with favourable CV outcomes. Regular coffee consumption was also associated with a likely healthy pattern of CMR metrics in keeping with the reverse of age-related cardiac alterations.
The impacts of long-term care insurance on health care utilization and expenditure: evidence from China
Authors: Chen He , Ning Jing 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLong-term care insurance (LTCI) is one of the important institutional responses to the growing care needs of the ageing population. Although previous studies have evaluated the impacts of LTCI on health care utilization and expenditure in developed countries, whether such impacts exist in developing countries is unknown. The Chinese government has initiated policy experimentation on LTCI to cope with the growing and unmet need for aged care. Employing a quasi-experiment design, this study aims to examine the policy treatment effect of LTCI on health care utilization and out-of-pocket health expenditure (OOP) in China. The Propensity Score Matching with difference-in-difference approach was used to analyse the data obtained from four waves of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Our findings indicate that, in the aspect of health care utilization, the introduction of LTCI significantly reduced the number of outpatient visits by 0.322 times (P &lt; 0.05), the number of hospitalizations by 0.158 times (P &lt; 0.01) and the length of inpatient stay during last year by 1.441 days (P &lt; 0.01). In the aspect of OOP, we found that LTCI significantly reduced the inpatient OOP during last year by 533.47 yuan (P &lt; 0.01), but it did not exhibit an impact on the outpatient OOP during last year. LTCI also had a significantly negative impact on the total OOP by 512.56 yuan. These results are stable in the robustness tests. Considering the evident policy treatment effect of LTCI on health care utilization and OOP, the expansion of LTCI could help reduce the needs for health care services and contain the increases in OOP in China.
Predicting Risk of Surgery in Patients With Small Bowel Crohn’s Disease Strictures Using Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Enterography
Authors: Inoue Akitoshi , Bartlett David J , Shahraki Narges , Sheedy Shannon P , Heiken Jay P , Voss Benjamin A , Fidler Jeff L , Tootooni Mohammad S , Sir Mustafa Y , Pasupathy Kalyan , Baker Mark E , Rieder Florian , Lightner Amy L , Deepak Parakkal , Bruining David H , Fletcher Joel G 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to determine if patient symptoms and computed tomography enterography (CTE) and magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) imaging findings can be used to predict near-term risk of surgery in patients with small bowel Crohn’s disease (CD).MethodsCD patients with small bowel strictures undergoing serial CTE or MRE were retrospectively identified. Strictures were defined by luminal narrowing, bowel wall thickening, and unequivocal proximal small bowel dilation. Harvey-Bradshaw index (HBI) was recorded. Stricture observations and measurements were performed on baseline CTE or MRE and compared to with prior and subsequent scans. Patients were divided into those who underwent surgery within 2 years and those who did not. LASSO (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator) regression models were trained and validated using 5-fold cross-validation.ResultsEighty-five patients (43.7 ± 15.3 years of age at baseline scan, majority male [57.6%]) had 137 small bowel strictures. Surgery was performed in 26 patients within 2 years from baseline CTE or MRE. In univariate analysis of patients with prior exams, development of stricture on the baseline exam was associated with near-term surgery (P = .006). A mathematical model using baseline features predicting surgery within 2 years included an HBI of 5 to 7 (odds ratio [OR], 1.7 × 105; P = .057), an HBI of 8 to 16 (OR, 3.1 × 105; P = .054), anastomotic stricture (OR, 0.002; P = .091), bowel wall thickness (OR, 4.7; P = .064), penetrating behavior (OR, 3.1 × 103; P = .096), and newly developed stricture (OR: 7.2 × 107; P = .062). This model demonstrated sensitivity of 67% and specificity of 73% (area under the curve, 0.62).ConclusionsCTE or MRE imaging findings in combination with HBI can potentially predict which patients will require surgery within 2 years.
Universality of Poisson Limits for Moduli of Roots of Kac Polynomials
Authors: Cook Nicholas A , Nguyen Hoi H , Yakir Oren , Zeitouni Ofer 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe give a new proof of a recent resolution [18] by Michelen and Sahasrabudhe of a conjecture of Shepp and Vanderbei [19] that the moduli of roots of Gaussian Kac polynomials of degree $n$, centered at $1$ and rescaled by $n^2$, should form a Poisson point process. We use this new approach to verify a conjecture from [18] that the Poisson statistics are in fact universal.
The Male Hindwing Costal Roll in Cochylina (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae): Morphological Variation, Phylogenetic Distribution, and Relationship to Host Utilization
Authors: Pérez Santa-Rita José V , Brown John W , Baixeras Joaquín 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis is the first morphological study of the male hindwing costal roll (CR), a scent organ of tortricid moths of the subtribe Cochylina (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae). This composite organ varies from a simple membranous roll of the hindwing costa to a complex roll that incorporates a hairpencil and two types of microscales. All the components show taxon-dependent traits. Both optical and electron microscopy are used to elucidate the structure. The costal roll is associated primarily with the Aethes Billberg, Saphenista Walsingham, Phalonidia Le Marchand, and Cochylis Treitschke groups of genera. The general notions that wing male scent organs are phylogenetically labile and that they may have arisen among closely related species as a consequence of habitat sharing are explored using network analysis and phylogenetic signal. Taxa with a costal roll certainly support a more complex area of the food web, however, the character shows a strong phylogenetic signal and is not the result of a sporadic evolution.
Population Dynamics of Eriophyid Mites and Evaluation of Different Management Practices on Timothy Grass
Authors: Dively Galen P , Hartman Margaret E , Ochoa Ronald 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSeveral species of eriophyid mites are important economic pests of timothy grass in the Mid-Atlantic United States. Feeding causes stunting, curling, and brown discoloration of leaves, and yield losses ranging up to 50%. Carbaryl is the only approved chemical control for these mites. We investigated the population dynamics of field infestations, host plant resistance, and several cultural control measures to develop a more sustainable management strategy. Seasonal phenology and overall abundance differed among timothy fields and between years, with mean peak densities ranging up to 731 eggs and 1,163 mites per 2.5 cm of leaf blade. Population differences were related to the age of the field, the prevailing temperatures, and snow cover during the fall and winter months. All varieties of timothy tested were susceptible, whereas several other forage grasses were significantly resistant to eriophyid mites as possible alternatives for replacing timothy. Fall harvesting reduced the buildup of mites during the winter but populations eventually rebounded and still reached economic densities by April. Burn-down herbicide, prescribed burning, and urea-based fertilizer treatments prior to green-up in the early spring had variable effects and may help to prevent economic losses; however, several concerns about the benefit/costs and practicality of these practices are discussed.
Clinical issues of surgery for uterine endometrial cancer in Japan
Authors: Nagai Tomoyuki , Shimada Muneaki , Tokunaga Hideki , Ishikawa Mitsuya , Yaegashi Nobuo 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objective
The mainstay of treatment for uterine endometrial cancer is surgery, and recurrent-risk cases require multidisciplinary treatment, including surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy.

Methods
The standard surgery for uterine endometrial cancer is hysterectomy and bilateral salpingooophorectomy, with additional retroperitoneal lymph node dissection and omentectomy, depending on the case. The appropriate treatment is determined based on the risk classification, such as the depth of invasion into the myometrium, diagnosis of histological type and grade, and risk assessment of lymph node metastasis.

Results
Recently, minimally invasive surgery has been widely used not only in low-risk patients but also in intermediate- and high-risk patients. In low-risk patients, the possibility of ovarian preservation is discussed from a healthcare perspective for young women. Determining the need for retroperitoneal lymph node dissection based on sentinel lymph node evaluation may contribute in minimizing the incidence of post-operative lymphedema while ensuring accurate diagnosis of lymph node metastasis. Recently, many studies using sentinel lymph nodes have been reported for patients with uterine endometrial cancer, and the feasibility of sentinel lymph node mapping surgery has been proven. Unfortunately, sentinel lymph node biopsy and sentinel lymph node mapping surgery have not been widely adopted in surgery for uterine cancer in Japan. In addition, the search for biomarkers, such as RNA sequencing using The Cancer Genome Atlas, metabolic profile and lipidomic profile for early detection and prognostic evaluation, has been actively pursued.

Conclusions
Gynecologic oncologists expect to be able to provide uterine endometrial cancer patients with appropriate treatment that preserves their quality of life without compromising oncologic outcomes in the near future.
Surgical administration of multiple glomus tumors in uncommon anatomic regions in a 17-year-old female. A rare case report
Authors: Mariolis-Sapsakos Theodoros , Zarokosta Maria , Lazaridis Nikolaos , Mourtzoukou Despoina , Vlachodimitropoulos Dimitrios , Patrinos Antonios , Foutsitzi Aikaterini , Paraskevas George 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Glomus tumor (GT) constitutes a rare, benign, soft-tissue tumor emerging from neuro-myo-arterial glomus bodies. Due to its rarity, and absence of typical symptoms, GT is usually misdiagnosed, with a potential risk of rupture and infection, or even malignant transformation. The present manuscript reports a rare case of a 17-year-old young woman with multiple GTs in her lower back, breach and left thigh that was surgically treated. The manuscript aims to highlight the importance of prompt diagnosis and surgical treatment of this peculiar tumor in young patients and raise surgeons’ awareness.
Genome Resequencing Reveals Rapid, Repeated Evolution in the Colorado Potato Beetle
Authors: Pélissié Benjamin , Chen Yolanda H , Cohen Zachary P , Crossley Michael S , Hawthorne David J , Izzo Victor , Schoville Sean D 
Published: January 2022

AbstractInsecticide resistance and rapid pest evolution threatens food security and the development of sustainable agricultural practices, yet the evolutionary mechanisms that allow pests to rapidly adapt to control tactics remains unclear. Here, we examine how a global super-pest, the Colorado potato beetle (CPB), Leptinotarsa decemlineata, rapidly evolves resistance to insecticides. Using whole-genome resequencing and transcriptomic data focused on its ancestral and pest range in North America, we assess evidence for three, nonmutually exclusive models of rapid evolution: pervasive selection on novel mutations, rapid regulatory evolution, and repeated selection on standing genetic variation. Population genomic analysis demonstrates that CPB is geographically structured, even among recently established pest populations. Pest populations exhibit similar levels of nucleotide diversity, relative to nonpest populations, and show evidence of recent expansion. Genome scans provide clear signatures of repeated adaptation across CPB populations, with especially strong evidence of selection on insecticide resistance genes in different populations. Analyses of gene expression show that constitutive upregulation of candidate insecticide resistance genes drives distinctive population patterns. CPB evolves insecticide resistance repeatedly across agricultural regions, leveraging similar genetic pathways but different genes, demonstrating a polygenic trait architecture for insecticide resistance that can evolve from standing genetic variation. Despite expectations, we do not find support for strong selection on novel mutations, or rapid evolution from selection on regulatory genes. These results suggest that integrated pest management practices must mitigate the evolution of polygenic resistance phenotypes among local pest populations, in order to maintain the efficacy and sustainability of novel control techniques.
A Ralstonia solanacearum effector targets TGA transcription factors to subvert salicylic acid signaling
Authors: Qi Peipei , Huang Mengling , Hu Xuehan , Zhang Ying , Wang Ying , Li Pengyue , Chen Shiyun , Zhang Dan , Cao Sen , Zhu Wanting , Xie Jiatao , Cheng Jiasen , Fu Yanping , Jiang Daohong , Yu Xiao , Li Bo 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The bacterial pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum causes wilt disease on Arabidopsis thaliana and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). This pathogen uses type III effectors to inhibit the plant immune system; however, how individual effectors interfere with plant immune responses, including transcriptional reprograming, remain elusive. Here, we show that the type III effector RipAB targets Arabidopsis TGACG SEQUENCE-SPECIFIC BINDING PROTEIN (TGA) transcription factors, the central regulators of plant immune gene regulation, via physical interaction in the nucleus to dampen immune responses. RipAB was required for R. solanacearum virulence on wild-type tomato and Arabidopsis but not Arabidopsis tga1 tga4 and tga2 tga5 tga6 mutants. Stable expression of RipAB in Arabidopsis suppressed the pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst and immune gene induction as well as salicylic acid (SA) regulons including RBOHD and RBOHF, responsible for ROS production, all of which were phenocopied by the tga1 tga4 and tga2 tga5 tga6 mutants. We found that TGAs directly activate RBOHD and RBOHF expression and that RipAB inhibits this through interfering with the recruitment of RNA polymerase II. These results suggest that TGAs are the bona fide and major virulence targets of RipAB, which disrupts SA signaling by inhibiting TGA activity to achieve successful infection.
Clinical features and immune-related protein patterns of anti-MDA5 positive clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis Dutch patients
Authors: Hensgens Marjolein P M , Delemarre Eveline M , Drylewicz Julia , Voortman Mareye , Krol Roline M , Dalm Virgil A S H , Miedema Jelle R , Wiertz Ivo , Grutters Jan , Limper Maarten , Nierkens Stefan , Leavis Helen L 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objectives
The presence of melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5) antibodies in patients with DM is associated with the development of a rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease (RPILD), unresponsive to conventional treatment. We characterize patients and provide more insight into potential biomarkers to identify patients with RPILD.

Methods
Patients diagnosed with anti-MDA5 positive DM between December 2015 and November 2017 were included in this study. Clinical data were retrospectively retrieved from medical records. A total of 180 immune-related markers were measured in sera of 16 patients and 15 healthy controls using proximity extension assay-based technology.

Results
Twenty patients were included, with a median time from symptoms till diagnosis of 4 months. All patients had clinically amyopathic DM. Interstitial lung disease (ILD) was present at diagnosis in 94% of the patients, 45% presented with RPILD. The mortality rate was 35% within 4 months after diagnosis and respiratory failure was the main cause of death in these patients. Furthermore, unsupervised analysis revealed that patients with RPILD show clearly different inflammatory serum profiles than healthy controls. In addition, in comparison to healthy controls, the IFN, IL1, IL10 and IL18 signalling pathways are different regulated in anti-MDA5 positive patients.

Conclusion
In this Dutch anti-MDA5 positive clinically amyopathic DM (CADM) cohort, one-third of the patients died due to RPILD soon after diagnosis, which underlines the severity of this disease. In addition, we have found several possible pathways that are differentially regulated in RPILD vs no RPILD DM and healthy controls. These markers await further validation before clinical use.