bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Communicating Science: Trends in Readership and Submissions for ASHS Publications
Authors: Peirce Lincoln C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Lastrucci (2) has stated: “Since the whole purpose of scientific research is to add to man’s store of verified knowledge, communication among scientists is a vital link in the whole chain of research effort.” The need for communication among scientists is really the basis for existence of professional societies. Knight (1), in discussing the history of scientific progress, ascribes a prominent role to communication and to the philosophical and, later, the professional societies organized to discuss and report science. Today, opportunities abound for disseminating research data or ideas or techniques. Our individual abilities to convey these data, ideas, and techniques in an understandable way are another matter. C.J. Sindermann’s book, Winning the Games Scientists Play (3), gives a tongue-in-cheek discussion of such matters as writing and reviewing manuscripts and presenting oral papers. My concern in this discussion, however, is not our ability to communicate but rather the avenues provided by our Society to get the job done.
Cost Analysis of Computerized Marketing of Fresh Fruits and Vegetables
Authors: Epperson J. E. , Adrian J. L. , VanSickle J. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A cost analysis of a computerized marketing system for fresh fruits and vegetables encompassed unit cost comparisons by regional size of operations, single vs. multiple commodities, and conventional vs. computerized marketing. Regions pertinent to this study were the southeastern and eastern United States, where the Southeast was a subset of the East. Selected commodities for the cost analysis were tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai], sweet corn (Zea mays L.), snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), and cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. Capitata group). Unit cost comparisons by region and single vs. multiple commodities depicted the importance of volume traded through the computerized system as it relates to economic efficiency. The analysis indicated that computerized marketing of fresh fruits and vegetables can be less costly than conventional marketing.
Survival, Growth, and Yield of Peach Trees as Affected by Rootstocks
Authors: Dozier W. A. , Knowles J. W. , Carlton C. C. , Rom R. C. , Arrington E. H. , Wehunt E. J. , Yadava U. L. , Doud S. L. , Ritchie D. F. , Clayton C. N. , Zehr E. I. , Gambrell C. E. , Britton J. A. , Lockwood D. W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Effects of 8 peach seedling rootstocks on tree growth, survival, and fruit yield of ‘Redhaven’ and ‘Loring’ peach scion cultivars were tested in Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Lovell seedling rootstock was a standard for comparison. Six years of data indicated that Siberian C was not an acceptable rootstock because tree survival and fruit yield were low. Halford was equivalent to Lovell for tree growth, fruit yield, and survival. Fruit size was unaffected by rootstock. Nemaguard and 2 North Carolina selections were resistant to root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) but they were not resistant to ring nematodes [Criconemella xenoplax (Raski) Luc and Raski]. Soil fumigation improved tree survival in nematode-infested soil.
Agrobacterium Ti Plasmids as Potential Vector for Genetic Engineering
Authors: Lawton Michael A. , Chilton Mary-Dell 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The use of in vitro techniques for DNA manipulation allows individual DNA sequences to be purified from their original genetic background. Such cloned sequences have been of great value in elucidating gene structure and organization; however, an understanding of how genes function requires an assay system in which genes carried on the cloned sequences may be expressed. Once such a system is available, it should be possible to study the expression and regulation of individual genes. One solution to this problem is to introduce cloned genes into cells which are able to express those genes; this approach offers the additional possibility of introducing new traits into cells and is potentially of great agricultural, medical, and commercial importance.
In Vitro Shoot Proliferation of Minnesota Deciduous Azaleas
Authors: Economou Athanasios S. , Read Paul E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Shoot tips of azalea (Rhododendron spp.) accessions 620014, 800057, and 800374 multiplied rapidly when cultured on a Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium modified by reducing concentrations of NH4NO3 and KNO3, adding (NH4)2SO4 (to give an : ratio of 1:1), omitting KI, and replacing Na2EDTA and FeSO4 with FeNaDTPA. The organic constituents were in mg/liter: thiamine-HCl, 0.4; myo-inositol, 100; sucrose, 20,000; agar, 6,000; N6-(Δ2-isopentenyl)-adenine (2iP), 5, 10, or 20 and the pH varied from 4.0 to 6.0 with 5.0 the most effective. An average 4-to-6-fold multiplication rate for the different clones was achieved after 10 weeks culture in this medium and weekly subculturing was unnecessary and detrimental. The harvested shoots could be rooted either in a soilless medium or recultured on fresh medium. The tissue remaining after shoot harvest, when recultured on fresh medium, produced 11–34 shoots for additional harvests at 6-week intervals. Additions of 1 mg/liter indoleacetic acid (IAA) in the medium in such recultures increased the number of usable shoots and improved their quality.
Ethylene and the Removal of Embryonal Apple Seed Dormancy
Authors: Sińska Irena , Gladon Richard J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Evolution of endogenous ethylene (C2H4) increased in seed of apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) in a stepwise manner during 40 days of stratification. C2H4 evolution during culture of isolated embryos depended on the stratification stage. Cultured embryos of seeds stratified 0 to 30 days increased in C2H4 production immediately preceding germination, but embryos stratified 40 days showed a simultaneous rise in C2H4 production with germination. During embryo culture, C2H4 was produced by both embryonic axes and cotyledons. Application of (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon) to the seed-stratification medium increased embryo germination. Trapping endogenously produced C2H4 with Hg(CIO4)2 during stratification did not affect embryo germination, but trapping it during culture of isolated embryos completely inhibited germination.
Effects of Cultural Practices on the Incidence of Head Smut in Sweet Corn
Authors: Mack H. J. , Baggett J. R. , Koepsell P. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Incidence of head smut caused by Sphacelotheca reiliana (Kuhn) Clinton in sweet corn (Zea mays L.) was decreased by frequent early irrigation (total of 15-20 cm of water during the first 18 to 21 days after planting), compared to no irrigation during the same period. The percentage of infection increased as planting depth increased from 2.5 cm to 7.6 cm. Large seed produced fewer infected plants than small seed, whereas the percentage of infected plants produced from medium-size seed was intermediate.
Influence of Foliar-applied NO3 and NH4 on Dry Matter and Nitrogen Accumulation in Snap Beans
Authors: Busada C. J. , Mills Harry A. , Jones J. B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Weekly foliar fertilizer applications of 10 ppm NO3-N [as Ca(NO3)2] or NH4-N [as (NH4)2SO4] significantly reduced dry matter, N accumulation, and yield of ‘Blue Lake 274’ snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) grown in solution culture. The reduction in dry matter and N accumulation were greatest with the NH4-N vs. the NO3-N foliar treatment. Data obtained in this study indicates that the cultural practice of applying NH4 or NO3 fertilizer through an overhead irrigation system may reduce snap bean yield.
Salinity Effects on Germination, Growth, and Yield of Turnips
Authors: Francois L. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The effect of salinity on germination, growth, and yield of turnips (Brassica rapa L. Rapifera group) was determined in artificially salinized laboratory germination cultures and field plots. Saline treatments were imposed by irrigating with water that contained equal weights of NaCl and CaCl2. Relative yield of turnip tops (greens) was reduced 4.3% with each unit increase in salinity above 3.3 dS/m (dS/m = mmho/cm). Storage root growth was reduced 9.0% for each unit increase in salinity above 0.9 dS/m. Top growth would be considered moderately tolerant to salinity and root growth as moderately sensitive. Turnips proved to be more salt-tolerant at germination than at later stages of growth. Root quality was not affected over the salinity range tested.
Nitrogen Concentration and NH4+/NO3− Ratio Effects on Amino Acid Pattern and Protein Quality Seeds of Vigna unguiculata
Authors: Meredith F. I. , Mills H. A. , Dull G. G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The effect of N source (, ) and N concentration on amino acid patterns was determined for seeds of Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. (southernpea, cowpea) cv. Pinkeye Purple Hull. The lowest amino acid content was obtained when supplied all of the N. At 75 ppm N, amino acids and proteins in seeds were increased as the ratio of to was increased. N source, at 150 ppm N, had no effect on amino acid content. Increasing total N from 75 ppm to 150 ppm increased protein levels. Protein quality was unaffected by changing the : ratios or by doubling the N concentration. The limiting amino acid was methionine.
‘Novole’: A Crabapple Selected for Resistance to Pine Voles and Meadow Voles
Authors: Cummins James N. , Aldwinckle Herb S. , Byers Ross E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In 1973, Ross Byers at VPI's Winchester laboratory and rootstock breeder Jim Cummins and plant pathologist Herb Aldwinckle at Cornell's Geneva station initiated a cooperative project to explore Malus for resistance to the pine vole, Microtus pinetorum Leeone. The Geneva breeders furnished more than 300 clones during the next 5 years, representing 12 Malus species and including many interspecific hybrids. Byers and his associates tested the voles' responses to the many choices offered. Throughout the several years of testing, the voles consistently exhibited a strong nonpreference for a Japanese crabapple, now introduced as ‘Novole’, and later for many of its hybrids (1, 6).
Blackberry Breeding
Authors: Moore J. N. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Blackberries are classified taxonomically in the genus Rubus, subgenus Eubatus, and consist of a highly variable and complex group of plants. Bailey (1) recognized over 350 species of blackberries, but the taxonomy of the subgenus is still in much confusion. Blackberries range from evergreen, subtropical types to deciduous clones that survive beyond the Arctic Circle. Most are indigenous to the northern hemisphere but some occur in the tropical mountain regions of the southern hemisphere. A naturally occurring ploidy range from diploid (2x = 2n = 14) to dodecaploid (12x = 2n = 84) exists (5). Homoploid blackberry species are mostly interfertile and biological systems encouraging outcrossing are common, thus native populations of blackberries in much of the world are highly hybrid (7). Consequently, it is difficult to assign cultivars to specific species, since progenitors of modern cultivars were selected from the wild.
Blackberry Propagation
Authors: Caldwell J. D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Blackberry [Rubus (Tourn.) L. subgenus Eubatus] propagators utilize a variety of asexual techniques and many different types of vegetative material to propagate desirable genotypes. Traditional methods include propagation through removal of sucker plants, tip layering, and various types of cuttings. Although some traditional methods still are used commonly, tissue culture methods eventually may become the preferred means of propagation, especially as techniques become refined and familiar to propagators.
Phosphorus Leaching from 32P-superphosphate-amended Soilless Container Media
Authors: Yeager T. H. , Barrett J. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Polyvinyl chloride columns (4 × 15 cm) containing by volume either 2 pine bark : 1 moss peat : 0 sand, 2 pine bark : 0 moss peat : 1 sand, 0 pine bark : 1 moss peat : 1 sand, or 2 pine bark : 1 moss peat : 1 sand amended with 3 kg m-3 of 32P-superphosphate (8.7% P) were leached daily with 16 or 32 ml of deionized water (pH 5.5) in 1 hour. Irrigation rate did not affect 32P leaching nor was there a media rate interaction or difference in the percentage total 32P and dissolved 32P leached. Medium 2:1:1 had the greatest percentage (76%) of 32P leached during the 3-week experimental period, however, 55% of the 32P amendment leached from each medium the 1st week.
Propagation of Date Palms by Shoot Tip Cultures
Authors: Tisserat Brent 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Shoot tips, 0.5 mm in length, of date palm (Phoenix daetylifera L.) were established on Murashige and Skoog (MS) inorganic salts and (per liter) 30 g sucrose, 0.4 mg thiamine HCl, 100 mg myo-inositol, 10 mg naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 3 g charcoal, and 8 g agar. After 8 weeks, tips were proliferated through axillary bud outgrowths on a liquid medium devoid of charcoal containing 0.1 mg/liter NAA and 10 mg/liter 6-benzylamino purine (BA). These additional shoots then could be rooted by reculture to an agar medium devoid of BA containing 0.1 mg/liter NAA and successfully transferred to soil.
Cultivation of Banana using Plantlets from Meristem Culture
Authors: Hwang S. C. , Chen C. L. , Lin J. C. , Lin H. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Plantlets orginating from adventitious buds of explants obtained from the decapitated shoot apex of a banana sucker established well under field conditions and gave rise to mature plants with uniform growth and normal yield of fruit. A total of one million pathogen-free plantlets for commercial planting was produced in 1983. Introduction of plantlets for commercial planting prevents the spreading of fusarial wilt of banana by planting materials to the disease-free orchards.
Effects of Temperature and Controlled Atmosphere on the Survival of Overwintering Populations of European Red Mite Eggs on Stored ‘McIntosh’ Apples
Authors: Lidster P. D. , Sanford K. H. , McRae K. B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The mortality of European red mite [Panonychus ulmi (Koch)] eggs on fruit of ‘McIntosh’ apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) in storage increased with continuing exposure to low O2 (1.5% CO2 + 1.0% O2) or conventional controlled atmospheres (5.0% CO2 + 3.0% O2) and with elevated storage temperatures to 7.5°C. Lethality was sufficient to provide commercial control for overwintering populations. Susceptibility of red mite eggs differed among years and orchards within years.
Fruit Morphology and Drop of Navel Oranges in Florida
Authors: Lima Jose Eduardo O. , Davies Frederick S. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Some morphological aspects of navel oranges [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] were studied in 1980 and 1981 on healthy fruit and fruit affected by secondary-fruit yellowing (SFY), stylar-end decay (SED), and fruit splitting, major causes of summer and summer-fall fruit drop in Florida. Fruit affected by SED or splitting were generally larger and had larger styler-end apertures, and those affected by SED had a higher frequency of rind protrusions into primary-fruit locules than healthy fruit. Healthy fruit harvested from the south top of trees were heavier and had larger secondary fruit, stylar-end apertures, and thicker peel than fruit from the northern-bottom canopy position. Some of these characteristics are associated with incidence of SFY, SED, and fruit splitting.
Dark Storage of Calamondin
Authors: Ben-Jaacov J. , Steinitz B. , Tendler Y. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Pot plants of calamondin (Citrus madurensis Lour.) were dark-stored for 2 weeks at 10° or 20°C. There was considerable leaf and fruit abscission in plants stored at 20°. Plants stored in the dark for 2 weeks at 12° were of excellent quality and leaf and fruit drop was negligible during storage. These plants continued to flourish in a simulated home environment. Horizontal placement of plants during storage increased packing density by 50% without reducing plant quality, compared to plants packed in a vertical position.
Influence of Single Applications of Insecticides on Net Photosynthesis of Pecan
Authors: Wood B. , Payne J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Each of 11 insecticides tested as a single spray application on mature leaves of pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wang.) K. Koch] seedlings reduced net photosynthesis (Pn) 1 day after treatment. Eight of these materials still reduced Pn 9 days after a single spray treatment; however, in a study with 5 materials, all seedlings except those treated with petroleum oil had recovered after 14 days. Recovery of leaf photosynthetic activity generally occurred more rapidly following application of wettable powder formulations than emulsifiable concentrates. Petroleum oil was the most damaging treatment with Pn of treated plants being only 60% of the untreated check 9 days after treatment; however, leaves were nearing recovery after 14 days. The influence of insecticides on pecan irregular bearing is discussed.
Field Evaluation of Sweet Potato Clones for Reaction to Root-Knot and Stubby Root Nematodes in California
Authors: Roberts P. A. , Scheuerman R. W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Clones of ‘Jewel’, ‘Eureka’, ‘Pope’, ‘Oklamex’, ‘Garnet’, L5-19, NC-719, and W-152 sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam] were tested for 1 to 3 seasons in field plots of coarse-textured sand soils. The soils were infested with Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood and Paratrichodorus minor (Colbran) Siddiqui that included 1,3-dichloropropene fumigated and nonfumigated subplots. ‘Jewel’, followed by ‘Pope’, was the highest-yielding copper-skinned type and the least affected by nematode infection; however, it supported large numbers of M. incognita. Yields of ‘Eureka’ were lowest in nonfumigated plots in the presence of P. minor. Significantly greater P. minor population increase occurred on ‘Eureka’ than on other clones. Yield of red-skinned W-152 was greater than ‘Garnet’ on fumigated plots, but W-152 showed no greater yield when nematode-infected. ‘Oklamex’, L5-19, and NC-719 were discontinued after 1 year because of poor yield or quality. M. incognita resistance in all clones prevented damage to the appearance of sweet potatoes, but plant growth and yield were increased significantly in fumigated plots compared with yields from nonfumigated plots. M. incognita reproduced on all lines, especially when soil temperature was high in 1981.
Indian Hot Peppers as New Sources of Resistance to Bacterial Wilt, Phytophthora Root Rot, and Root-Knot Nematode
Authors: Peter K. V. , Goth R. W. , Webb R. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The 4 hot peppers from India ‘Pant C-1’, ‘KAU Cluster’ (Capsicum annuum L.), ‘White Khandari’, and ‘Chuna’ (C. frutescens L.) were evaluated along with 6 United States cultivars for their reaction to Pseudomonas solanacearum E.F. Smith (races 1 and 2), Phytophthora capsici Leonian, and root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita Chitwood. The Indian ‘Pant C-1’ was resistant to 4 Pseudomonas solanacearum isolates and moderately resistant to Phytophthora root rot and root-knot nematode. The breeding line ‘White Khandari’ was resistant to 3 isolates of the bacterium and root-knot nematode and moderately resistant to Phytophthora root rot. These Indian pepper lines could be an additional source in multiple disease-resistant breeding programs. Multiple disease resistance and good horticultural characteristics make ‘Pant C-1’ an excellent source of these resistances.
Postharvest Effects of Storage Method and Duration on Quality Retention of Poinsettias
Authors: Scott Lelia F. , Blessington Thomas M. , Price James A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. cvs. Mikkel Improved Rochford (MIR), Annette Hegg Dark Red (AHDR), and Gutbier V-14 Glory (GV14) were subjected to 2 storage methods (24 hours/day light or 24 hours/day darkness) for 2, 4, 6, or 8 days, and then held for a 14-day postharvest evaluation period in the greenhouse. Light-stored MIR and AHDR plants had a lower leaf drop but a higher cyathium drop as compared to dark-stored plants. GV14 was unaffected by storage methods. All cultivars retained better postharvest quality when stored for a minimal duration of time.
Fungal Inoculation, Fungicide Treatments, and Storage Affect Postharvest Decay and Vase-life of Leatherleaf Fern Fronds
Authors: Stamps R. H. , Chase A. R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Storage at 4.5°C prevented decay of cut fronds of leatherleaf fern [Rumohra adiantiformis (G. Forst) Ching] artificially inoculated with Cylindrocladium heptaseptatum Sobers, Alfieri, & Knauss and/or naturally infected with C. pteridis Wolf and increased frond vase-life compared to 24° storage. Storage at 4.5° for 10, 21, and 31 days did not affect subsequent frond vase-life. Inoculation of fronds decreased vase life by 11% in one experiment and had no effect in a second. Prestorage dips in benomyl suspensions at concentrations as low as 38 ppm reduced frond decay by 82% when stored at 24° and increased vase-life of fern stored at both 4.5° and 24°. Benomyl [methyl l-(butylcarbamoyl)-2-benzimidazole-carbamate] dips at concentrations as high as 300 ppm had no detrimental effect on vase-life. Iprodione [3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-N-(1-methylethyl)-2,4-dioxo-1-imidazolidinecarboxamide] had no effect on vase-life.
Influence of Nitrogen and Dolomitic Limestone on ‘Whitmanii’ Fern
Authors: Crockett J. S. , Gilliam C. H. , Evans C. E. , Shumack R. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Nephrolepsis exaltata (L.) Schott cv. Whitmanii supplied with 3 fertilizer rates and varying rates of dolomitic limestone grew more efficiently at lower N rates when 0-3.0 kg/m3 of dolomitic limestone was used. Nonlimed ferns exhibited marginal foliar necrosis damage when fertilized with 300 and 450 ppm N, while limed ferns exhibited similar damage only when fertilized at 450 ppm N. Liming decreased foliar N content, increased medium soluble salt levels, prevented the increase in pH level from high fertilizer rates, and provided a buffer against toxicity, possibly from ammonia.
Trickle Irrigation of Field-grown Nursery Stock Based on Net Evaporation
Authors: Ponder Harry G. , Gilliam Charles H. , Evans Clyde E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Gardenia jasminoides Ellis and Ilex crenata Thunb. ‘Compacta’ were field-grown with 4 irrigation rates based on 0%, 25%, 50%, and 100% replacement of net evaporation from a class A pan. Irrigated gardenia were larger than nonirrigated gardenia, and those grown with 50% and 100% replacement of net evaporation had greater total root growth than nonirrigated plants. Root number, root dry weight, and fibrous root number in a 20-cm rootball were generally greater with irrigated plants than nonirrigated plants. Ilex crenata shoot growth was greater also with irrigation versus nonirrigation. Based on this data, 25% replacement of net evaporation resulted in plants of both species being similar to higher irrigation rates.
NYIR 9602, NYIR 9605, and NYIR 8329 Lepidopterous Pest-resistant Cabbage Breeding Lines
Authors: Dickson M. H. , Eckenrode C. J. , Blamble A. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
NYIR 9602, NYIR 9605, and NYIR 8329 are dark-green, glossy-leaved cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata) breeding lines that exhibit resistance in the field to larvae of the lepidopterous pests Artogeia rapae L. (imported cabbage worm), Trichoplusia ni (Hubner) (cabbage looper), and Plutella xyloStella L. (diamondback moth). They were released by the New York State Agr. Expt. Station in May 1983 and are available for breeding programs as a source of germplasm or as hybrid parents.