bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Observation of polarization-maintaining near-field directionality
Authors: Lin Xiao , Cai Tong , Zhong Yuhan , Wang ZanYang , Wang Dengpan , Yang Yi , Chen Hongsheng 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Directional and highly-efficient excitation of guided waves is closely related to the on-chip information processing and is of fundamental importance to plasmonics, nanophotonics, and chiral quantum optics. However, during the directional coupling between propagating waves and guided waves, there is a loss of information about the incident polarization state. It remains elusive and challenging to preserve the incident polarization information in the near-field directionality. Here we experimentally demonstrate polarization-maintaining and polarization-dependent near-field directionality by exploiting a reflection-free, anisotropic, and gradient metasurface. The s- and p- polarized guided waves are excited only by the s- and p-polarized components of incident waves, respectively, and they propagate predominantly to opposite designated directions. Remarkably, the measured coupling efficiency between propagating waves and guided waves exceeds 85% for arbitrary incident polarization states. Our work thus reveals a promising route to directly and efficiently convert the polarization-encoded photon qubits to polarization-encoded guided waves, a process that is highly sought after in the context of optical network and plasmonic circuitry.
Visual outcomes after bilateral implantation of a new diffractive multifocal IOL: Preliminary results
Authors: Garcia-Bella Javier , Carballo-Alvarez Jesus , Collado-Vincueria Isabel , Sanz-Fernandez Juan C , Vazquez-Molini Jose M. , Garcia-Feijoo Julian , Martinez-de-la-Casa Jose M 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: The aim was to determine visual outcomes and patient satisfaction in patients undergoing cataract surgery after the binocular implant of multifocal difractive Intensity IOL Methods: 21 patients were evaluated. Six weeks after surgery, uncorrected distance visual acuity(UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity(CDVA), distance corrected intermediate visual acuity at 60 cm(DCIVA) and distance corrected near visual acuity at 40cm (DCNVA) were determined using the ETDRS test. Defocus curves were produced both in photopic and mesopic conditions. Contrast sensitivity(CSF) was measured using the CSV-1000 test. Patients were shown pictures about dysphotopic phenomena and informed about their meaning with a likert scale from 0 (no problem) to 4 (overwhelming). Results: Post implantation mean logMAR Binocular UDVA, CDVA, DCIVA and DCNVA were 0.07± 0.09, -0.01 ± 0.04, 0.08 ± 0.05 and 0.12 ± 0.06 respectively. Photopic defocus curve showed a extended range of good vision. Mesopic defocus curve results were better than previously reported with trifocal designs. Mean binocular CSF values for 4 spatial frequencies (3, 6, 12 and 18 cpd) were 1.55±0.29, 1.60±0.17, 1.29±0.26 and 0.81±0.15 log. units, respectively. Halos were more frequent than starburst and glare with a Likert scale mean value of 0.86±0.83. Conclusions: The IOL provided a continuous range of vision from distance to near. Patients were not bothered or only slightly bothered in relation to the visual disturbances.
Prehospital analgesia in pediatric trauma and critically ill patients - An analysis of a German air rescue service
Authors: Eimer Christine , Reifferscheid Florian , Jung Philipp , Rudolph Marcus , Terboven Tom , Hoffmann Florian , Lorenzen Ulf , Köser Andrea , Seewald Stephan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
BackgroundPain management in the prehospital setting remains a particular challenge for paramedics and emergency physicians, especially in children. This study evaluates the prehospital use and effect of analgesics in children with trauma or severe disease. MethodsThis study is a retrospective analysis of the database of a German air rescue service and was conducted over a period of 9 years (2012 – 2020) to assess pain in general and whether patients with trauma or severe disease received treatment with analgesics. We included all patients in the registry under the age of 16 years. Patients with a Glasgow Coma Scale of 3 at hospital admission and incomplete records were excluded. The intensity of pain was determined by the emergency physician on scene at arrival and hospital admission in a ten-point rating scale (0=no pain). Effective pain reduction was analyzed. ResultsOut of 227,458 cases, a total of 22,025 emergency cases involved pediatric patients aged 0 – 16 years. 20,407 cases were included in the study. 12,000 (58,8%) children had suffered a trauma, 8,108 (39,7%) had severe diseases and 297 (1,5%) had both. In total, 4,608 (38,4%) of the children with trauma were assessed having a numerical rating scale (NRS) > 4 at EMS arrival. These patients received mainly ketamine (34.5%) and the opioids fentanyl (38.7%) and piritramide (19.1%). The value on the NRS was significantly lower at admission to hospital (mean 1.9) compared with the EMS arrival (mean 6.9). In 4.9% the NRS at hospital admission was still >4. 282 patients had a disease with an initially pain determined >4. The pain therapy consisted of opioids (35.8%) and ketamine (2.8%). 28.4% patients in the disease group received no pain medication. In 16.0% the NRS at hospital admission was still >4.ConclusionsGerman emergency physicians achieved a sufficient pain therapy in pediatric patients with a NRS >4 after trauma. In case of a disease the pain management by the emergency physicians is restrained and less successful. The most common analgesic medications administered were ketamine and fentanyl, followed by piritramide. Trial registration: The study has been retrospectively registered at DRKS (DRKS00026222)
Design and Implementation of Two-Dimensional Pipelined &amp; Parallel FIR Filter Architectures
Authors: Singh Thingujam Churchil , Kumar Manoj 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This paper aims at designing and implementation of two dimensional pipelining, fine-grain pipelining, parallel processing and combined pipelining and parallel processing architecture for FIR filter using VHDL (Very High Speed Integrated Circuit Hardware Description Language). These specific architectures significantly reduce the delay and the power consumption of the filter. Sampling frequency for the proposed designs is given in this paper. Rectangular window method is used for calculating Filter coefficients for the proposed two dimensional FIR filter architectures. The proposed filters are compared with the existing FIR filter in respect to area, operational speed, power consumption and delay. The proposed designs of the FIR digital filters provides an optimum output with 81% increase in speed of operation and up to 75% reduction in power consumption when compare to the existing architectures. Implementation of the FIR filter is carried out by using VHDL codes. Simulation and synthesis have been executed on Artix-7 FPGA series with the target device (xc7a35t-cpg236) speed grade-I using Xilinx Vivado 2015.2 version.
VEGF-A/VEGFR2 induces podocyte apoptosis via activating ERK1/2 signaling in diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Zhang Liying , Zhao Jianrong , Zhao Chunmei , Yuan Hongwei , Hou Xiaoyan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Podocyte apoptosis contributes to the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) are expressed in podocytes. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) activation plays an essential role in cell apoptosis. Herein, we asked whether the VEGF-A/VEGFR2 signaling promotes podocyte apoptosis via activating ERK1/2 pathway and the underlying mechanisms. We found that blockade of VEGF-A downregulates VEGFR2 expression and attenuates podocyte apoptosis and proteinuria in diabetic rats. Further, we provided evidence that depletion of VEGFR2 abrogates ERK1/2 signaling. Notably, pharmacological inhibition of ERK1/2 signaling attenuates podocyte apoptosis. Thus, we propose that VEGF-A/VEGFR2 induces podocyte apoptosis via activating ERK1/2 signaling. Targeting VEGFR2 and ERK1/2 could be promising therapeutic approaches for treating diabetic kidney disease.
Compound heterozygous deletions of the WWOX gene caused a WOREE syndrome associated with severe epileptic encephalopathy
Authors: Dong Xing-sheng , Wen Xiao-jun , Wang De-gang , Xiong Yi , Li Zhi-ming 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Recent studies showed that germline, bi-allelic and pathogenic variants of the WWOX gene have been associated with spinocerebellar ataxia type 12 (SCAR12) and a severe WWOX-related epileptic encephalopathy (WOREE syndrome). The underlying mechanisms of the diseases are poorly understood. Here, we reported the case of a WOREE syndrome patient with early-onset refractory seizures and global neurodevelopmental delay who died at the age of two and a half years. The whole exon sequencing showed homozygous exon 6 deletions in the WWOX gene. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmed that deletions were inherited from each parent. An exons 6–8 deletion was inherited from the mother, while an exon 6 deletion plus a microdeletion involving intron 5 was inherited from the father. Due to the structure of the WWOX locus encompassing the FRA16D fragile site, we confirmed the exact breakpoints using whole genomic sequencing combined with long-range PCR. Our findings extend the mutation spectrum of the WOREE syndrome and support an important role for the WWOX gene in neural development.
A Qualitative Study on Perspective of Patients Regarding Family Support in the Management of Diabetes in Limpopo Province
Authors: Mphasha Pitso , Mothiba Tebogo , Skaal Linda 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: Most of diabetes care happens at the household in which patients resides; and this has larger influences of diabetes management behaviours. Therefore, family members should actively be involved in supporting and caring for patients. Family support is associated with improved coping and quality of life, better diabetes, and health outcomes, including prevention of complications. Conversely, it has been established that patients without family support are likely to experience poor diabetes outcomes and increased mortality.Objectives: To explore existence or non-existence of family support for patients living with diabetes.Methodology: Qualitative method and phenomenological exploratory descriptive design were used to collect data from 25 participants selected using purposive sampling. One-on-one interviews were conducted using voice recorders and field notes for non-verbal cues. The use of unstructured interview guide with a grand tour question enabled probing. The 8 Steps of Tesch’s inductive, descriptive, and open coding technique was used in analyzing data. Measures of trustworthiness were ensured through credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability.Results: Participants indicated that they get support from family members with regards to food, exercise, and collection of medication. Diabetic men with sexual dysfunction also reported that they still get support from their wives regarding cooking, healthy eating and being there for them. On contrary diabetic women reported that they do not get sufficient supports from their husbands. Loss of income among diabetic men has been reported as a source of martial conflicts and unsatisfactory support from wives.Conclusion: Overall, this study concludes that family members of diabetic patients are supportive in the care of patients. Conversely, the study found out that men living with diabetes receive support from their beloved wives, whilst women living with diabetes do not get similar support from their husbands. More research on the effectiveness and barriers to family support to patients is recommended. Introduction of family-centred care which is biased to gender should be designed and introduced to enable both genders benefitting from spousal support.
Growth, biomass, pigments, NO3 and PO4 removal and energy consumption in green microalga, Chlorella vulgaris (Chlorophyceae) cultured under the red light emitting diodes (R-LED)
Authors: Rostami Fatemeh , Farhadian Omidvar , Beshart Sheyda , Nezafatian Elham 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this study, culture of Chlorella vulgaris in food effluent and its specific growth rate, biomass, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total carotenoids and removal of nitrate and phosphate under the red light emitting diodes (R-LED) and fluorescent light (FL) were investigated. For these purposes, C. vulgaris were cultured in two concentrations of 10% (treatment of 10% W), 15% (treatment of 15% W) as mixotrophic model (Mix) of food effluent and BBM as autotrophic model (Auto) under red LED and fluorescence light for 15 days. Therefore, six different treatments were assigned as; BBM + FL (Auto), 10%W + FL (Mix), 15%W + FL (Mix), BBM + R-LED (Auto), 10%W + R-LED (Mix) and 15%+R-LED (Mix). The experiment conditions were 24 hours light photoperiod, water temperature of 26°C and a light intensity of 300 µmol photons m− 2 s− 1 for red LED light and 35 µmol photons m− 2 s− 1 for fluorescent treatments. The highest amount of chlorophyll a (1.60 mgL− 1), cell density (46.6 × 106 cell/mL), specific growth rate (1.1 per day) and biomass (2.1 mg/l) were observed in BBM + R-LED treatment; while the lowest were observed in 10%W + FL. The results showed that C. vulgaris grew well in these amounts of effluent and removed 93.6% of phosphate (15%W + R-LED treatment) and 47.2% of nitrate (10%W + R-LED treatment) over a culture period of 15-days. The biomass production were 1.22, 0.73, 0.82, 2.07, 0.92 and 1.34 mgL− 1 at the treatments of BBM + FL, 10%W + FL, 15%W + FL, BBM + R-LED, 10%W + R-LED and 15%+R-LED, respectively. Correspondingly, the electricity consumption were 25.33, 15.13, 17.14, 6.20, 2.77 and 4.02 kWh, respectively. In addition, the power consumption of fluorescent lamps was 4.43 times higher than LED lamps. Generally, the performance of microalgae, C. vulgaris cultured in food effluents combined with Red LED was better than combination of BBM reference medium and fluorescent light.
The evolution of tyramides in male fungus-growing ants (Formicidae: Myrmicinae: Attini: Attina)
Authors: Luo Amy , Hassler Madeline , Jones Tappey , Meer Robert Vander , Adams Rachelle M. M. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Ants use a variety of semiochemicals for essential activities and have been a source for many novel natural products. While ant taxa produce a wide variety of chemicals, the chemistry and ecology of male ants has remained understudied. Tyramides are a class of compound that have been found only in males of the Myrmicinae ant subfamily. Tyramides found in the fire ant Solenopsis invicta are transferred to gynes during mating where they are converted to tyramine, leading to rapid reproductive development. To further understand the evolution of tyramide production in male ants, we determined the tyramide composition in males of 15 fungus-growing ant species (Formicidae: Myrmicinae: Attini: Attina) and a Megalomyrmex species (Formicidae: Myrmicinae: Solenopsidini). Thirteen tyramides were identified, four for the first time in natural sources, and their percent composition was mapped to the fungus-growing ant phylogeny. This research contributes to an understanding of the evolution of male-produced tyramides.
Acute Effects of Long Interval Training With Varied Recovery Periods in Trained Runners
Authors: Rodríguez-Barbero Sergio , Rodrigo-Carranza Victor , Santos-García Daniel Juárez , Ravé José María González , González-Mohíno Fernando 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of recovery period during long interval training (IT) on mechanical, physiological, perceptive, and neuromuscular parameters. Six men and six women trained runners (23.82 ± 7.83years; 56.27 ± 8.95kg; 167.55 ± 9.77cm) performed three treadmill interval sessions (4x4min) at 1% incline with 1min, 2min or self-selected recovery periods (SSrecovery) at highest possible average running speed. Velocity and distance increased by 2.5% (p < 0.05) in SSrecovery (~ 190s) compared to 2min. Blood lactate concentration (BLC) (p < 0.01) and RPE (p < 0.05) were lower with SSrecovery compared to 1min. Vertical oscillation decrease in SSrecovery vs 1min (p < 0.01) and stride frequency in lower recovery periods compared to SSrecovery (p < 0.01). Women displayed lower stride length, distance, velocity, heart rate recovery (p < 0.001) and flight time (p < 0.05), and higher contact times, BLC and RPE (p < 0.05), and less CMJ height loss (p < 0.05) than men in all conditions. Our findings suggest that manipulating the duration of the recovery period during a 4x4min IT leads to a 5% decrease in performance in the shorter recovery periods, greater BLC and RPE combined with a lower stride frequency and higher vertical oscillation. Women had higher metabolic and perceptive stress than men, while men suffered more mechanical fatigue.
Latent Dirichlet Allocation for Double Clustering (LDA-DC): Discovering patients phenotypes and cell populations within a single Bayesian framework
Authors: Hachem Elie-Julien El , Sokolovska Nataliya , Soula Hedi 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: Current clinical routines rely more and more on ``omics'' data such as flow cytometry data from host and sometimes microbiota. Cohorts variability in addition to patients' heterogeneity make any underlying structure of these high-dimensional difficult to understand. In order to patients stratification and diagnostics, there is an acute need to develop novel statistical machine learning methods that are robust with respect to the data heterogeneity, efficient from the computational viewpoint, and can be understood by human experts Results: We propose a novel approach to stratify cell-based observations within a single probabilistic framework, i.e., to extract meaningful phenotype from both patients and cells simultaneously. We define this problem as a double clustering problem that we tackle with the proposed approach. Our method is a practical extension of the Latent Dirichlet Allocation and is used for this Double Clustering task (LDA-DC). We first validate the method on artificial datasets, then we apply our method to two real problems of patients stratification from cytometry and microbiota data. We observe that the LDA-DC returns clusters of patients and simultaneously clusters of cells related to patients’ conditions.We also construct a graphical representation of the results which can be easily understood and a great help for human experts.
Health care prioritization process for the elderly in rural Tanzania under decentralized system: prospects and challenges
Authors: Tungu Malale , Sirili Nathanael , Frumence Gasto , Kagaigai Alphoncina , Anaeli Amani , Mwangu Mughwira A. , Kiwara Angwara D. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Introduction: In the early 1990s, many countries in the world adopted health sector reforms that focused on strengthening the primary health care system through strong community participation. However, most of the primary health care systems in many countries including Tanzania have remained weak. Most of the vulnerable groups like the elderly have been neglected in the priority setting process. The study aimed to analyse the prospects and challenges of the implementation of the prioritization process for elderly health care services under a decentralised health system.Methods: The study adopted an exploratory case study design that used Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs). The study was conducted in Nzega and Igunga districts in Tabora Region of western Tanzania. The study employed 24 key informants from the two districts. Data were analyzed using the content analysis approach. Results: The study found prospers of the Local Government Authorities (LGAs) that LGAs can conduct a priority-setting process that involves different stakeholders. Different procedures are used for prioritizing the elderly at LGAs including the issue of dealing with their complaints, identifying the elderly and providing identities (IDs) for exemption purposes. In addition, the priority setting process is done on a teamwork basis and uses different guidelines which are prepared by the central government to help the process of priority setting at LGAs. However, there were some challenges facing LGAs, these included; difficulties during elderly identification, there being no specific law that protects elderly matters, exemption/waivers being not clear and insufficient resources to implement the planned activities at the LGAs. Conclusion: The LGAs are important and have the chance to improve the health care services of the elderly. However, due to the encountered challenges, the government should enact a law that will protect the elderly’s interests and that will give the direction of the exemption policy. Also, having a specific per cent of the LGAs revenue for the elderly matters and improving the identification process by having a database at the LGAs level.
Knee pain in young sports players aged 6 to 15 years: a cross-sectional study in Japan
Authors: Iwatsu Jun , Yabe Yutaka , Sekiguchi Takuya , Momma Haruki , Tsuchiya Masahiro , Kanazawa Kenji , Yoshida Shinichirou , Sogi Yasuhito , Nagatomi Ryoichi , Hagiwara Yoshihiro 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
BackgroundKnee pain is a common symptom among young sports players. Nevertheless, few studies with large sample size have been published reporting the difference of the prevalence of knee pain for each sport among young sports players.MethodsThis study was to investigate the point prevalence of knee pain according to age, sex and sports discipline and the association between knee pain and sports discipline among young sports players. A cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-reported questionnaire on young sports players aged 6–15 years who belonged to the Miyagi Amateur Sports Association. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine the association between knee pain and sports discipline and were adjusted for age, sex, training days per week, and training hours per weekday and weekend.ResultsA total of 7234 young sports players were included. The point prevalence of knee pain was 10.9%. Females (13.3%) had more knee pain than males (9.8%). 13 years had the highest prevalence of knee pain (19.1%). In multivariable analysis, mini-basketball (odds ratio, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.44–2.52) and basketball (odds ratio, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.20–2.18) were significantly associated with knee pain, compared with football. ConclusionThe prevalence of knee pain among young athletes differed according to age, sex, and sports discipline. Their parents and clinicians should recognize this information to manage knee pain prevention among young sports players.