bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coumarin‐Based Reversible Fluorescent Chemosensors for the Sequential Detection of Copper and Citrate Ions
Authors: Singh Devender , Ibrahim Annan , Gupta Rajeev 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTwo novel coumarin‐based Schiff‐base chemosensors are presented. Courtesy to an extended conjugation between the coumarin ring and the attached π‐containing groups, both chemosensors display noteworthy photo‐physical properties including emission maxima at >550 nm. Both chemosensors function as the selective sensors for the ‘turn‐off’ detection of copper ion with the significant nanomolar detection limits. The sensing event was investigated through proton NMR and mass spectroscopy; pH studies; life‐time and quantum yield measurements and DFT studies. The solution‐generated [chemosensor‐Cu] species illustrated remarkably selective secondary ‘turn‐on’ detection of the citrate ion. The sequential detection of the copper and citrate ions have been utilized for the construction of logic gates as well as several low‐cost detection methods.
Electrolysis‐Mediated Rapid Synthesis of Highly Fluorescent and pH Responsive Congo Red Carbon Nanodots for Cu2+ Sensing
Authors: Xiong Yuanyuan , An Qingxiao , Qiao Niqin , Chen Yi , Zhou Jia‐Quan , Luo Dong‐Ni , Zhang Huan‐Tsung , Wang Yang , Xu Dong , Yuan Zhiqin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCopper ion (Cu2+) is a highly toxic environmental pollutant with bioaccumulative properties, making its rapid and selective detection important for environmental and health monitoring. In this study, highly fluorescent carbon nanodots by the electrolysis of Congo Red are developed, which are denoted as CR‐CDs and exhibit high quantum yield and pH‐responsive character. The pH response behavior is applied for pH test in soft drinks with high accuracy. Cu2+ causes dramatic fluorescence quenching due to the formation of cupric amine complex and the occurrence of inner filter effect. The signal changes in fluorescence spectroscopy allow a detection limit of Cu2+ at 0.13 μM. The response is highly specific toward Cu2+ over other metal ions. In addition, the practicability of the sensor is validated by accurate Cu2+examination in running water samples.
Detecting Common Explosive Molecules Using a Wavy Monolayer Arsenene: A Density Functional Theory Study
Authors: Yang Lei , Wang Defu , Sun Zijian , Li Hui , Zhu Weihua 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA wavy arsenene endowed with a thickness of single atom was adopted to detect various common explosive molecules by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. As expected, the monolayer arsenene has a remarkable distinguishing function to these explosives due to their unique electron mediation mechanisms via van der Waals heterogeneous adsorption behavior, in terms of the variation of work function. More importantly, a novel sensitive indicator S was put forward, being helpful to sense the explosives. This finding may not only broaden the development of electronic explosion‐proof sensitive device, but also enrich basic theoretical insights.
Study on Synthesis, Optical properties and Application of Benzophenone derivatives
Authors: Zhang Bianxiang , Song Lu , Feng Chao , Tian Wenjuan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this study, the mono‐substituted and di‐substituted benzophenone derivatives containing the ester group were synthesized by the reaction of dihydroxy benzophenone with acyl chloride. Their structures were characterized by 1H NMR and 13C NMR and their optical properties and application in ultraviolet curable coatings were studied. The mono‐substituted compounds can be used as UV absorbers and do not participate in the curing of the free radical system during UV‐curing, enhancing the light stability of coatings and cured coatings and facilitating the storage of UV‐curable coatings. The di‐substituted compounds can be used as photoinitiators for ultraviolet curable coatings and show good film morphology.
Silver‐Free Synthesis of Concave Au Nanocubes with Enhanced Activity Towards Electro‐Oxidation of Ethanol: Experimental and Theoretical Studies
Authors: Zhang Tongyu , Zhang Gongguo , Wang Yingying , Kong Yuhan , Zheng Yiqun 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe report a silver‐free synthesis of gold (Au) concave nanocubes (CNCs) that involves the direct deposition of Au atoms over spherical Au seeds under well‐controlled reaction kinetics and surface capping. The elementally‐pure composition makes them ideal research candidate towards validating structural advantage of concave surface in electrocatalytic oxidation of ethanol. In particular, the as‐obtained Au CNCs exhibited an enhanced specific activity and reaction kinetics, but weakened long‐term stability, as compared to quasi‐spherical counterparts. Theoretical simulations suggest that the high‐index planes represent a high catalytic performance for ethanol oxidation. The current work offers an effective synthetic strategy that successfully excludes the necessary and wide use of Ag+ ions in controlled synthesis of pure Au nanocrystals with a concave cubic shape, shedding light on the rational design of fuel cell electrocatalyst from the perspective of crystal facet effect.
Purine 5’‐Ribonucleotide‐l‐Glutamate Hybrids As Potential Tools To Investigate The Mechanism Of Umami Taste Reception
Authors: Morelli Carlo F. , Pappalardo Valeria , Brockhoff Anne , Pieraccini Stefano , Sironi Maurizio , Sangiorgio Sara , Scarabattoli Letizia , Speranza Giovanna , Rabuffetti Marco 
Published: December 2022

AbstractUmami taste is elicited predominantly by monosodium glutamate (MSG) and purine 5’‐ribonucleotides, in particular guanosine and inosine 5’‐monophosphates (GMP and IMP). A significant peculiarity of umami compounds is their capacity to interact synergistically. A possible explanation of such phenomenon is that both l‐glutamate and ribonucleotides may interact simultaneously with the “Venus flytrap” domain of T1R1/T1R3 umami receptor, but at different sites. Starting from this model, we reasoned that hybrid compounds, containing the two umami moieties covalently connected through flexible linkers of variable length, could be able to reach both umami receptor sites through a single molecule, thus giving an insight into the mechanism of synergism. MD simulations suggested that a chain of at least eight carbon atoms is requested to allow the interaction of both l‐glutamate and 5’‐ribonucleotide with their respective binding sites. We report here the synthesis of such hybrids starting from 2’,3’‐O‐isopropylidene‐5’‐O‐t‐butyldimethylsilylguanosine.
Privatized espionage: NSO Group Technologies and its Pegasus spyware
Authors: Kaster Sean D. , Ensign Prescott C. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAdvanced cyber technology like NSO Group Technologies' (NSO) controversial Pegasus spyware blurs distinctions between “good” and “bad.” This case follows the Israeli‐based international leader in cyber espionage and developer NSO and one of its co‐founders, Shalev Hulio from its creation in 2010 to the present. It includes NSO's acquisition by US‐based private equity fund Francisco Partners in 2014. NSO's re‐acquisition in 2019 by co‐founders Hulio and Omri Lavie with funding support from London‐based private equity fund Novalpina Capital. During this time, Pegasus had helped capture Mexican drug baron El Chapo, prevented terrorist attacks and broken up pedophilia, sex, and drug‐trafficking rings. But Pegasus also contributed to the murder of Washington Post reporter Jamal Khashoggi as well as other illegal incidents against dissidents, journalist, and governments. As the case suggests, controlling access to such powerful technology that involves accountability, responsibility, and enforceability within a firm and within nations appears illusive.
German guideline diverticular disease/diverticulitis
Authors: Kruis Wolfgang , Germer Christoph‐Thomas , Böhm Stephan , Dumoulin Franz Ludwig , Frieling Thomas , Hampe Jochen , Keller Jutta , Kreis Martin E. , Meining Alexander , Labenz Joachim , Lock Johann F. , Ritz Jörg Peter , Schreyer Andreas G. , Leifeld Ludger ,   for the German Society of Gastroenterology, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases (DGVS) and the German Society of General and Visceral Surgery (DGAV) (AWMF‐Register 021‐20)
Published: December 2022

AbstractDiverticulosis and diverticular disease are ranked among the most common gastroenterological diseases and conditions. While for many years diverticulitis was found to be mainly an event occurring in the elder population, more recent work in epidemiology demonstrates increasing frequency in younger subjects. In addition, there is a noticeable trend towards more complicated disease. This may explain the significant increase in hospitalisations observed in recent years. It is not a surprise that the number of scientific studies addressing the clinical and socioeconomic consequences in the field is increasing. As a result, diagnosis and conservative as well as surgical management have changed in recent years. Diverticulosis, diverticular disease and diverticulitis are a complex entity and apparently an interdisciplinary challenge. To meet theses considerations the German Societies for Gastroenterology and Visceral Surgery decided to create joint guidelines addressing all aspects in a truely interdisciplinary fashion. The aim of the guideline is to summarise and to evaluate the current state of knowledge on diverticulosis and diverticular disease and to develop statements as well as recommendations to all physicians involved in the management of patients with diverticular disease.
The phenomenology of autobiographical retrieval
Authors: Moulin Chris J. A. , Carreras Fabien , Barzykowski Krystian 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this article we review the literature on the phenomenology of retrieval from the personal past, and propose a framework for understanding how epistemic feelings and metacognitive reflections guide the retrieval of representations of past events in the Self Memory System. Our focus is on an overlooked aspect of autobiographical memory, the phenomenology of the retrieval process, as opposed to the products of retrieval themselves. As we argue in the present paper, this is not some magical collection of phenomena, but centers on the feeling of familiarity derived from retrieval fluency during the process of retrieval. The relationship between retrieval fluency and retrieved content, interpreted metacognitively is what gives autobiographical retrieval its particular phenomenological “flavor.” To illustrate our point, we focus on two phenomena that only recently were considered alongside each other: the déjà vu experience and involuntary autobiographical memories. Our proposal is that the feeling of familiarity (i.e.,this reminds me of something) for the personal past acts to guide deliberate, conscious memory search. We argue that the critical concept in the phenomenology of retrieval is fluency—how readily information comes to mind.This article is categorized under:Psychology > MemoryPhilosophy > ConsciousnessPhilosophy > Knowledge and Belief
Ideas and Methods in Person-Centered Outcome Metrology
Authors: Fisher William P. , Cano Stefan J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBroadly stated, this book makes the case for a different way of thinking about how to measure and manage person-centered outcomes in health care. The basic contrast is between statistical and metrological definitions of measurement. The mainstream statistical tradition focuses attention on numbers in centrally planned and executed data analyses, while metrology focuses on distributing meaningfully interpretable instruments throughout networks of end users. The former approaches impose group-level statistics from the top down in homogenizing ways. The latter tracks emergent patterns from the bottom up, feeding them back to end users in custom tailored applications, whose decisions and behaviors are coordinated by means of shared languages. New forms of information and knowledge necessitate new forms of social organization to create them and put them to use. The chapters in this book describe the analytic, design, and organizational methods that have the potential to open up exciting new possibilities for systematic and broad scale improvements in health care outcomes.
Measurement Systems, Brilliant Processes, and Exceptional Results in Healthcare: Untapped Potentials of Person-Centered Outcome Metrology for Cultivating Trust
Authors: Fisher William P. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAn historic shift in focus on the quality and person-centeredness of health care has occurred in the last two decades. Accounts of results produced from reinvigorated attention to the measurement, management, and improvement of the outcomes of health care show that much has been learned, and much remains to be done. This article proposes that causes of the failure to replicate in health care the benefits of “lean” methods lie in persistent inattention to measurement fundamentals. These fundamentals must extend beyond mathematical and technical issues to the social, economic, and political processes involved in constituting trustworthy performance measurement systems. Successful “lean” implementations will follow only when duly diligent investments in these fundamentals are undertaken. Absent those investments, average people will not be able to leverage brilliant processes to produce exceptional outcomes, and we will remain stuck with broken processes in which even brilliant people can produce only flawed results. The methodological shift in policy and practice prescribed by the authors of the chapters in this book moves away from prioritizing the objectivity of data in centrally planned and executed statistical modeling, and toward scientific models that prioritize the objectivity of substantive and invariant unit quantities. The chapters in this book describe scientific modeling’s bottom-up, emergent and evolving standards for mass customized comparability. Though the technical aspects of the scientific modeling perspective are well established in health care outcomes measurement, operationalization of the social, economic, and political aspects required for creating new degrees of trust in health care institutions remains at a nascent stage of development. Potentials for extending everyday thinking in new directions offer hope for achieving previously unattained levels of efficacy in health care improvement efforts.
Epistemic Inroads from the Asylum to Digital Psychiatry
Authors: Egher Claudia 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis chapter traces the development of expertise about mental health from the early days of the asylum to the hopes and anxieties that are currently generated by the (upcoming) use of digital and AI-based technologies in the provision of mental healthcare. It highlights the trajectory that expertise about mental health has undergone from the focus on heredity in the nineteenth century to the more recent embrace of genetics. In so doing, it engages with the jurisdictional struggles that emerged between psychiatry, psychology, and other disciplines, and with the precarious state that characterizes the provision of mental healthcare in the US and France these days.
BoP Businesses of Multinational Corporations and Sustainability
Authors: Hasegawa Shinji 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPessimism about the effects of official development assistance (ODA) on the poorest countries (base of the pyramid; BoP) has raised expectations of social business by multinational corporations (MNCs) since the end of the twentieth century. First, this chapter summarizes the historical developments focused on the role of MNCs in alleviating poverty at the BoP (Sustainable Development Goals [SDGs] 1, 3, and 6) through delivery of affordable products and services, following activities of non-governmental organizations, growing awareness of corporate social responsibility, and framing of development goals by United Nations agencies. Next, it discusses BoP’s shift from its role as a marketplace to a production base or source of innovation, as MNCs have established global production networks. We argue that this has changed the BoP business toward contributing to the achievement of SDGs 5, 8, and 9. Finally, MNCs are required to address not only social challenges at the BoP, but also environmental challenges (SDGs 13) in both emerging and developed countries. To balance these overall SDG-related challenges with MNCs’ own interests, BoP business is further evolving into SDG business management, and MNCs will be increasingly required to redefine their role from a sustainability perspective.
Sustainable Development: Controversies and Theoretical Results in Economics
Authors: Akao Ken-Ichi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis chapter presents the economic conditions for achieving sustainable development and the mechanism by which rational people choose an anti-sustainable path. These are theoretical results derived from the standard economic model. However, the model has faced controversy regarding the concept of sustainable development. This chapter introduces these controversies. By doing so, the implications and limitations of the theoretical results can be well-understood. One controversy concerns what should be sustained in sustainable development, and the other intergenerational equity. For illustration, this chapter often refers to the climate change issue, which raised and fired these controversies. Since the topic is sustainable development, this chapter relates to Sustainable Development Goals as a whole, and it contributes to SDGs 8 (economic growth) and 13 (climate action), among others.
Free fermion cyclic/symmetric orbifold CFTs and entanglement entropy
Authors: Takayanagi Tadashi , Tsuda Takashi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In this paper we study the properties of two-dimensional CFTs defined by cyclic and symmetric orbifolds of free Dirac fermions, especially by focusing on the partition function and entanglement entropy. Via the bosonization, we construct the twist operators which glue two complex planes to calculate the partition function of ℤ2 orbifold CFT on a torus. We also find an expression of ℤN cyclic orbifold in terms of Hecke operators, which provides an explicit relation between the partition functions of cyclic orbifolds and those of symmetric ones. We compute the entanglement entropy and Renyi entropy in cyclic orbifolds on a circle both for finite temperature states and for time-dependent states under quantum quenches. We find that the replica method calculation is highly non-trivial and new because of the contributions from replicas with different boundary conditions. We find the full expression for the ℤ2 orbifold and show that the periodicity gets doubled. Finally, we discuss extensions of our results on entanglement entropy to symmetric orbifold CFTs and make a heuristic argument towards holographic CFTs.
Forecasting dark showers at Belle II
Authors: Bernreuther Elias , Böse Kai , Ferber Torben , Hearty Christopher , Kahlhoefer Felix , Morandini Alessandro , Schmidt-Hoberg Kai 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Dark showers from strongly interacting dark sectors that confine at the GeV scale can give rise to novel signatures at e+e− colliders. In this work, we study the sensitivity of B factory experiments to dark showers produced through an effective interaction arising from a heavy off-shell mediator. We show that a prospective search for displaced vertices from GeV-scale long-lived particles at Belle II can improve the sensitivity to dark showers substantially compared to an existing search at BaBar. We compare the sensitivity of searches for displaced signals to searches for promptly produced resonances at BaBar and KLOE and calculate sensitivity projections for a single-photon search at Belle II to invisible dark showers produced through an effective interaction. The underlying structure of the effective interaction can be resolved at higher-energy experiments, where the mediator can be produced on-shell. To study the resulting constraints, we update electroweak precision bounds on kinetically mixed Z′ bosons and reinterpret a search for low-mass di-muon resonances at LHCb in terms of dark showers. We find that LHCb and Belle II are most sensitive to different particle decay lengths, underscoring the complementarity of LHC and intensity frontier experiments.
Gauss-Bonnet black holes in a special anisotropic scaling spacetime
Authors: Mahmoudi S. , Jafarzade Kh. , Hendi S. H. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Inspired by the Lifshitz gravity as a theory with anisotropic scaling behavior, we suggest a new (n + 1)-dimensional metric in which the time and spatial coordinates scale anisotropically as (t, r, θi) → (λzt, λ−1r, λxiθi). Due to the anisotropic scaling dimension of the spatial coordinates, this spacetime does not support the full Schrödinger symmetry group. We look for the analytical solution of Gauss-Bonnet gravity in the context of the mentioned geometry. We show that Gauss-Bonnet gravity admits an analytical solution provided that the constants of the theory are properly adjusted. We obtain an exact vacuum solution, independent of the value of the dynamical exponent z, which is a black hole solution for the pseudo-hyperbolic horizon structure and a naked singularity for the pseudo-spherical boundary. We also obtain another exact solution of Gauss-Bonnet gravity under certain conditions. After investigating some geometrical properties of the obtained solutions, we consider the thermodynamic properties of these topological black holes and study the stability of the obtained solutions for each geometrical structure.
The effect of age on longitudinal measures of beta cell function and insulin sensitivity during the progression of early stage type 1 diabetes
Authors: Ferrannini Ele , Mari Andrea , Monaco Gabriela S. F. , Skyler Jay S. , Evans-Molina Carmella 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Aim/hypothesis
The risk of progressing from autoantibody positivity to type 1 diabetes is inversely related to age. Separately, whether age influences patterns of C-peptide loss or changes in insulin sensitivity in autoantibody-positive individuals who progress to stage 3 type 1 diabetes is unclear.

Methods
Beta cell function and insulin sensitivity were determined by modelling of OGTTs performed in 658 autoantibody-positive participants followed longitudinally in the Diabetes Prevention Trial–Type 1 (DPT-1). In this secondary analysis of DPT-1 data, time trajectories of beta cell function and insulin sensitivity were analysed in participants who progressed to type 1 diabetes (progressors) to address the impact of age on patterns of metabolic progression to diabetes.

Results
Among the entire DPT-1 cohort, the highest discriminant age for type 1 diabetes risk was 14 years, with participants aged <14 years being twice as likely to progress to type 1 diabetes as those aged ≥14 years. At study entry, beta cell glucose sensitivity was impaired to a similar extent in progressors aged <14 years and progressors aged ≥14 years. From study entry to stage 3 type 1 diabetes onset, beta cell glucose sensitivity and insulin sensitivity declined in both progressor groups. However, there were no significant differences in the yearly rate of decline in either glucose sensitivity (−13.7 [21.2] vs −11.9 [21.5] pmol min−1 m−2 [mmol/l]−1, median [IQR], p=0.52) or insulin sensitivity (−22 [37] vs −14 [40] ml min−1 m−2, median [IQR], p=0.07) between progressors aged <14 years and progressors aged ≥14 years.

Conclusions/interpretation
Our data indicate that during progression to stage 3 type 1 diabetes, rates of change in declining glucose and insulin sensitivity are not significantly different between progressors aged <14 years and progressors aged ≥14 years. These data suggest there is a predictable course of declining metabolic function during the progression to type 1 diabetes that is not influenced by age.

Graphical abstract