bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Context-bounded verification of thread pools
Authors: Baumann Pascal , Majumdar Rupak , Thinniyam Ramanathan S. , Zetzsche Georg 
Published: January 2022

Thread pooling is a common programming idiom in which a fixed set of worker threads are maintained to execute tasks concurrently. The workers repeatedly pick tasks and execute them to completion. Each task is sequential, with possibly recursive code, and tasks communicate over shared memory. Executing a task can lead to more new tasks being spawned. We consider the safety verification problem for thread-pooled programs. We parameterize the problem with two parameters: the size of the thread pool as well as the number of context switches for each task. The size of the thread pool determines the number of workers running concurrently. The number of context switches determines how many times a worker can be swapped out while executing a single task---like many verification problems for multithreaded recursive programs, the context bounding is important for decidability.
We show that the safety verification problem for thread-pooled, context-bounded, Boolean programs is EXPSPACE-complete, even if the size of the thread pool and the context bound are given in binary. Our main result, the EXPSPACE upper bound, is derived using a sequence of new succinct encoding techniques of independent language-theoretic interest. In particular, we show a polynomial-time construction of downward closures of languages accepted by succinct pushdown automata as doubly succinct nondeterministic finite automata. While there are explicit doubly exponential lower bounds on the size of nondeterministic finite automata accepting the downward closure, our result shows these automata can be compressed. We show that thread pooling significantly reduces computational power: in contrast, if only the context bound is provided in binary, but there is no thread pooling, the safety verification problem becomes 3EXPSPACE-complete. Given the high complexity lower bounds of related problems involving binary parameters, the relatively low complexity of safety verification with thread-pooling comes as a surprise.
A formal foundation for symbolic evaluation with merging
Authors: Porncharoenwase Sorawee , Nelson Luke , Wang Xi , Torlak Emina 
Published: January 2022

Reusable symbolic evaluators are a key building block of solver-aided verification and synthesis tools. A reusable evaluator reduces the semantics of all paths in a program to logical constraints, and a client tool uses these constraints to formulate a satisfiability query that is discharged with SAT or SMT solvers. The correctness of the evaluator is critical to the soundness of the tool and the domain properties it aims to guarantee. Yet so far, the trust in these evaluators has been based on an ad-hoc foundation of testing and manual reasoning.
This paper presents the first formal framework for reasoning about the behavior of reusable symbolic evaluators. We develop a new symbolic semantics for these evaluators that incorporates state merging. Symbolic evaluators use state merging to avoid path explosion and generate compact encodings. To accommodate a wide range of implementations, our semantics is parameterized by a symbolic factory, which abstracts away the details of merging and creation of symbolic values. The semantics targets a rich language that extends Core Scheme with assumptions and assertions, and thus supports branching, loops, and (first-class) procedures. The semantics is designed to support reusability, by guaranteeing two key properties: legality of the generated symbolic states, and the reducibility of symbolic evaluation to concrete evaluation. Legality makes it simpler for client tools to formulate queries, and reducibility enables testing of client tools on concrete inputs. We use the Lean theorem prover to mechanize our symbolic semantics, prove that it is sound and complete with respect to the concrete semantics, and prove that it guarantees legality and reducibility.
To demonstrate the generality of our semantics, we develop Leanette, a reference evaluator written in Lean, and Rosette 4, an optimized evaluator written in Racket. We prove Leanette correct with respect to the semantics, and validate Rosette 4 against Leanette via solver-aided differential testing. To demonstrate the practicality of our approach, we port 16 published verification and synthesis tools from Rosette 3 to Rosette 4. Rosette 3 is an existing reusable evaluator that implements the classic merging semantics, adopted from bounded model checking. Rosette 4 replaces the semantic core of Rosette 3 but keeps its optimized symbolic factory. Our results show that Rosette 4 matches the performance of Rosette 3 across a wide range of benchmarks, while providing a cleaner interface that simplifies the implementation of client tools.
Formal metatheory of second-order abstract syntax
Authors: Fiore Marcelo , Szamozvancev Dmitrij 
Published: January 2022

Despite extensive research both on the theoretical and practical fronts, formalising, reasoning about, and implementing languages with variable binding is still a daunting endeavour – repetitive boilerplate and the overly complicated metatheory of capture-avoiding substitution often get in the way of progressing on to the actually interesting properties of a language. Existing developments offer some relief, however at the expense of inconvenient and error-prone term encodings and lack of formal foundations.
We present a mathematically-inspired language-formalisation framework implemented in Agda. The system translates the description of a syntax signature with variable-binding operators into an intrinsically-encoded, inductive data type equipped with syntactic operations such as weakening and substitution, along with their correctness properties. The generated metatheory further incorporates metavariables and their associated operation of metasubstitution, which enables second-order equational/rewriting reasoning. The underlying mathematical foundation of the framework – initial algebra semantics – derives compositional interpretations of languages into their models satisfying the semantic substitution lemma by construction.
Logarithm and program testing
Authors: Hou (Favonia) Kuen-Bang , Wang Zhuyang 
Published: January 2022

Randomized property-based testing has gained much attention recently, but most frameworks stop short at polymorphic properties. Although Bernardy
et al.
have developed a theory to reduce a wide range of polymorphic properties to monomorphic ones, it relies upon ad-hoc embedding-projection pairs to massage the types into a particular form. This paper skips the embedding-projection pairs and presents a mechanical monomorphization for a general class of polymorphic functions, a step towards automatic testing for polymorphic properties. The calculation of suitable types for monomorphization turns out to be
logarithm
.
KDM6A Depletion in Breast Epithelial Cells Leads to Reduced Sensitivity to Anticancer Agents and Increased TGFβ Activity
Authors: Xiao Jin-Fen , Kua Ley-Fang , Ding Ling-Wen , Sun Qiao-Yang , Myint Khine Nyein , Chia Xiu-Rong , Venkatachalam Nachiyappan , Loh Xinyi , Duex Jason E. , Neang Vanessa , Zhou Siqin , Li Ying , Yang Henry , Koeffler H. Phillip , Theodorescu Dan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

KDM6A, an X chromosome-linked histone lysine demethylase, was reported to be frequently mutated in many tumor types including breast and bladder cancer. However, the functional role of KDM6A is not fully understood. Using MCF10A as a model of non-tumorigenic epithelial breast cells, we found that silencing KDM6A promoted cell migration and transformation demonstrated by the formation of tumor-like acini in three-dimensional culture. KDM6A loss reduced the sensitivity of MCF10A cells to therapeutic agents commonly used to treat patients with triple-negative breast cancer and also induced TGFβ extracellular secretion leading to suppressed expression of cytotoxic genes in normal human CD8+ T cells in vitro. Interestingly, when cells were treated with TGFβ, de novo synthesis of KDM6A protein was suppressed while TGFB1 transcription was enhanced, indicating a TGFβ/KDM6A-negative regulatory axis. Furthermore, both KDM6A deficiency and TGFβ treatment promoted disorganized acinar structures in three-dimensional culture, as well as transcriptional profiles associated with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and metastasis, suggesting KDM6A depletion and TGFβ drive tumor progression.

Implications:
Our study provides the preclinical rationale for evaluating KDM6A and TGFβ in breast tumor samples as predictors for response to chemo and immunotherapy, informing personalized therapy based on these findings.
Precision Targeting of Mutant PI3Kα in Cancer by Selective Degradation
Authors: Vanhaesebroeck Bart , Burke John E. , Madsen Ralitsa R. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSummary:PIK3CA, which encodes the p110α catalytic subunit of PI3Kα, is one of the most frequently genetically activated kinases in solid tumors. In this issue of Cancer Discovery, Song and colleagues report that the related PI3Kα inhibitors taselisib and inavolisib trigger receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)–dependent degradation of the mutant p110α protein in breast cancer cells that are positive for HER2 RTK, limiting feedback-mediated drug resistance and potentially widening the therapeutic index of PI3Kα inhibition.See related article by Song et al., p. 204.
Patritumab Deruxtecan: Paving the Way for EGFR-TKI–Resistant NSCLC
Authors: Lim Sun Min , Kim Chang Gon , Lee Jii Bum , Cho Byoung Chul 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Summary:
HER3 is ubiquitously expressed in EGFR-mutant non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) irrespective of resistant mechanisms to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors, thus garnering attention as a valuable therapeutic target. In this issue of Cancer Discovery, Jänne and colleagues highlight early clinical data supporting patritumab deruxtecan as a potentially appreciable agent for previously treated EGFR-mutant NSCLC.
See related article by Jänne et al., p. 74.
Antecedentes, contexto y problemáticas de los fideicomisos en México
Authors: Cruz Bermea Alejandro 
Published: January 2022

En México, el fideicomiso público como figura jurídica de larga tradición es actualmente objeto de controversias políticas vinculadas a su funcionamiento, principalmente por la falta de transparencia y de rendición de cuentas, corrupción, antinomias, desempeño limitado, extinción institucional, entre otras problemáticas de interés para las ciencias sociales y la teoría organizacional. El artículo está orientado a reflexionar sobre los fideicomisos en México, considerando sus antecedentes, problemáticas y contexto, con atención particular al Fideicomiso de Fomento Minero (FIFOMI), institución de la banca de fomento, y unidad empírica de este estudio etnográfico en proceso sobre su cultura, estructura y procesos organizacionales, en un momento político donde se cuestiona su permanencia tras decretarse la eliminación de 109 fideicomisos en materia de derechos humanos, ciencia, energías renovables y desastres naturales. Los resultados preliminares aquí expuestos son parte de un trabajo etnográfico en curso.
La exposición está orientada a reflexionar en torno a los antecedentes, problemáticas y contexto de los fideicomisos en México, con atención particular al Fideicomiso de Fomento Minero (FIFOMI), institución de la banca de fomento y unidad empírica de un estudio etnográfico en proceso sobre su cultura, estructura y procesos organizacionales, en un contexto político donde se cuestiona la opacidad financiera y falta de transparencia de los fideicomisos y se ha decretado la eliminación de 109 de ellos en materia de derechos humanos, ciencia, energías renovables y desastres naturales.
descolonização literária latino-americana segundo Gutiérrez
Authors: Mendes Daniel 
Published: January 2022

Este artigo fundamenta a tese da descolonização literária latino-americana por meio de uma proposta de releitura anti-exótica sobre a obra Trilogía sucia de La Habana (1998) do escritor cubano Pedro Juan Gutiérrez (1950- ). A releitura foi realizada a partir da percepção da obra como uma experiência da literatura na América Latina que deve ser compreendida a partir dos movimentos descoloniais do seu autor, do propósito de não aderir a modelos hegemônicos do campo literário e de criar caminhos condizentes com o seu lugar de expressão. Tal movimento foi fundamentado a partir de uma retomada da teoria crítica literária de Silviano Santiago (1936 - ) sobre o entre-lugar do discurso latino-americano, que nos serviu como fio condutor analítico. Nesse trajeto, estabelecemos diálogos com outros estudos sobre tradução cultural e literária neste continente, especialmente quanto a abordagens teóricas da antropofagia, heterogeneidade, transculturação narrativa, assim como com os estudos decoloniais latino-americanos, dentre outros estudos pertinentes, no intuito de evidenciarmos na Trilogía a tese da descolonização literária proposta por Gutiérrez. Assim, subvertemos o exotismo imposto pela crítica euro-estadunidense a esta obra apontando caminhos plausíveis para abordagens críticas sobre a mesma
Higher Plasma Aldosterone Concentrations Are Associated With Elevated Risk of Aortic Dissection and Aneurysm: a Case-Control Study
Authors: Zhu Qing , Heizhati Mulalibieke , Lin Mengyue , Wang Menghui , Yao Xiaoguang , Gan Lin , Luo Qin , Zhang Weiwei , Hong Jing , Yue Na , Li Nanfang 
Published: January 2022

Background:
Animal models demonstrate circulating aldosterone leads to aortic dissection and aneurysm, whereas data from humans are lacking. Therefore, we aimed to examine the associations of plasma aldosterone concentrations (PAC) with aortic dissection and aneurysm.

Methods:
We identified patients with aortic dissection and aneurysm with assessed PAC before disease onset from hospital-based electronic database and set as case group. Simultaneously, age and gender-matched cohort with PAC measurement whereas without aortic dissection and aneurysm were selected as control group using ratio of 1:4. Multi-variable logistic regression analysis was used to assess the relationship of PAC with aortic dissection and aneurysm.

Results:

Totally, 133 cases and 531 controls (all hypertensive) were enrolled between 2004 and 2021, with 77.9% men, mean age of 55.5 years and PAC of 13.9 ng/dL. Case group showed significantly higher PAC(14.51 versus 13.65 ng/dL,
P
=0.012) than did control group. In logistic regression analysis, higher PAC exhibited 1.68-fold higher odds (95% CI, 1.14–2.48,
P
=0.008) for presence of aortic dissection and aneurysm, significant in adjusted model (odds ratio, 1.69 [95% CI, 1.11–2.57],
P
=0.015). In stratified analysis, the association between the two was observed in women of all ages and in men with coronary artery disease. Sensitivity analysis by excluding those under interfering agents at PAC measurement and those with primary aldosteronism did not change the relationship of the two.

Conclusions:
Higher PAC is associated with the increased odd for aortic dissection and aneurysm in patients with hypertension, even in the absence of primary aldosteronism, implying that PAC might be a target for prevention.
NeuMapper: A scalable computational framework for multiscale exploration of the brain’s dynamical organization
Authors: Geniesse Caleb , Chowdhury Samir , Saggar Manish 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
For better translational outcomes, researchers and clinicians alike demand novel tools to distill complex neuroimaging data into simple yet behaviorally relevant representations at the single-participant level. Recently, the Mapper approach from topological data analysis (TDA) has been successfully applied on noninvasive human neuroimaging data to characterize the entire dynamical landscape of whole-brain configurations at the individual level without requiring any spatiotemporal averaging at the outset. Despite promising results, initial applications of Mapper to neuroimaging data were constrained by (1) the need for dimensionality reduction and (2) lack of a biologically grounded heuristic for efficiently exploring the vast parameter space. Here, we present a novel computational framework for Mapper—designed specifically for neuroimaging data—that removes limitations and reduces computational costs associated with dimensionality reduction and parameter exploration. We also introduce new meta-analytic approaches to better anchor Mapper-generated representations to neuroanatomy and behavior. Our new NeuMapper framework was developed and validated using multiple fMRI datasets where participants engaged in continuous multitask experiments that mimic “ongoing” cognition. Looking forward, we hope our framework will help researchers push the boundaries of psychiatric neuroimaging toward generating insights at the single-participant level across consortium-size datasets.
Scientometric engineering: Exploring citation dynamics via arXiv eprints
Authors: Okamura Keisuke 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Scholarly communications have been rapidly integrated into digitized and networked open ecosystems, where preprint servers have played a pivotal role in accelerating the knowledge transfer processes. However, quantitative evidence is scarce regarding how this paradigm shift beyond the traditional journal publication system has affected the dynamics of collective attention on science. To address this issue, we investigate the citation data of more than 1.5 million eprints on arXiv (https://arxiv.org) and analyze the long-term citation trend for each discipline involved. We find that the typical growth and obsolescence patterns vary across disciplines, reflecting different publication and communication practices. The results provide unique evidence of the attention dynamics shaped by the research community today, including the dramatic growth and fast obsolescence of Computer Science eprints, which has not been captured in previous studies relying on the citation data of journal papers. Subsequently, we develop a quantitatively and temporally normalized citation index with an approximately normal distribution, which is useful for comparing citational attention across disciplines and time periods. Further, we derive a stochastic model consistent with the observed quantitative and temporal characteristics of citation growth and obsolescence. The findings and the developed framework open a new avenue for understanding the nature of citation dynamics.
Heracles and the Monkey
Authors: Camerotto Alberto 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In the pamphlet On Salaried Posts in Great Houses Lucian of Samosata analyzes the problem of the impossible relationship between misthos, ‘money’, and paideia, ‘culture’ and ‘teaching’. Money is an indispensable asset for the necessities of life. But starting with Socrates and the Sophists it becomes problematic. In Lucian’s satire the attack is directed at philosophers and the marketing of culture in the Roman Empire at the time of the Second Sophistic.
Colourful Planets
Authors: Martijn Marije 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In the Myth of Er, Plato describes the ‘Spindle of Necessity’, a contraption presenting the cosmos as guided by Sirens and Fates, and ascribes different colours to the planets (Rep. 616e-617a). This paper argues that Plato probably used astronomical data for that passage, but possibly gave them a metaphorical sense, and discusses the likelihood of his having used Mesopotamian sources. The second half of the paper studies receptions of and allusions to the image, with context-based astronomical, political, and metaphysical features. Cicero adjusted the image to contemporary astronomy, and to the political function of the cosmic structures in the Somnium Scipionis. His commentator Macrobius emphasizes empirical correctness, but possibly with metaphysical undertones. Apuleius’ Metamorphoses alludes to the image in a portrait of Isis, perhaps to refer to her metaphysical role. Finally, Proclus interprets the Platonic passage as primarily metaphysical, and pointing to truths beyond astronomical phenomena.
Negotiating Identity and Power during a Crisis: An Analysis of ‘Small Stories’ Told by Australian Christian Priests during the COVID-19 Health Crisis
Authors: Turnbull Margo Louise 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The COVID-19 outbreak in 2020 and localised government responses have led to fundamental changes in the conditions in which organisations operate. This article draws on a social constructionist understanding of identity as multiple and performed (Angouri 2016; Butler 1990) to explore the experiences of a group of six Australian Christian priests during this crisis period. Drawing on in-depth interview data, the article presents a narrative analysis of the storying of identities and power relations within church communities whose everyday activities were suddenly curtailed. In contrast to linguistic studies of narrative which often focus on structural features of canonical discourse ‘events’, this article takes up Bamberg and Georgakopoulou’s (2008) extension of narrative analysis to focus on ‘small stories’ which reflect the everyday, situated practices in which identities and power relations are negotiated and performed. This article contributes unique insights into the operation and practices of religious organisations in a crisis context.
The Approach of the Fiqh Council of North America towards Identity Problems of Contemporary Muslim Minorities
Authors: Yakar Sümeyra , Yakar Emine Enise 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The status of being a Muslim minority in a non-Muslim country has obtained public and international attention with the consequence of globalization and immigration in the contemporary world. The increasing rate of immigration to the United States after the 1980s resulted in a new identity that mainly includes two main ingredients: Muslim identity and American identity. Especially, the following generation of the first immigrants has unexpectedly confronted the issue of an identity crisis ensuing from the simultaneous belonging to American and Muslim identities. With permanent settlement and acquiring American citizenship, Muslim Americans have shouldered dual responsibilities and duties. Occasionally, the dual identity of Muslim Americans has resulted in clashes between the religious and citizenship responsibilities. The Fiqh Council of North America (FCNA), a voluntarily established fatwā institution, tries to find Islamic legal solutions to that of American Muslims’ paradoxical predicaments. In the light of particular fatwās (legal opinion) issued by the FCNA, this paper will analyse how the identity crises of Muslim Americans are resolved; which Islamic legal methodologies are predominantly deployed to obliterate the mundane and religious paradoxes of those Muslim Americans; and whether the preponderance is given to American identity or Muslim identity by the FCNA.