bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Axillastaging nach neoadjuvanter Chemotherapie bei initial nodal positivem Mammakarzinom in Deutschland
Authors: Hartmann Steffi , Kühn Thorsten , Hauptmann Michael , Stickeler Elmar , Thill Marc , Lux Michael P. , Fröhlich Sarah , Ruf Franziska , Loibl Sibylle , Blohmer Jens-Uwe , Kolberg Hans-Christian , Thiemann Elisabeth , Weigel Michael , Solbach Christine , Kaltenecker Gabriele , Paluchowski Peter , Schrauder Michael G. , Paepke Stefan , Watermann Dirk , Hahn Markus , Hufnagel Maria , Lefarth Jutta , Untch Michael , Banys-Paluchowski Maggie ,   Die AXSANA-Studiengruppe
Published: November 2022

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Das optimale axilläre Stagingverfahren für initial nodal positive MammakarzinompatientInnen nach neoadjuvanter Chemotherapie (NACT) ist bislang unklar. Die AXSANA-Studie wird mit dem Ziel durchgeführt, die verschiedenen operativen Stagingtechniken hinsichtlich ihres onkologischen Outcomes und der Lebensqualität prospektiv miteinander zu vergleichen. Über die aktuelle klinische Praxis in Deutschland ist wenig bekannt.
Material und Methoden Die Daten der von Juni 2020 bis März 2022 an deutschen Studienzentren in die AXSANA-Studie aufgenommenen PatientInnen wurden analysiert.
Ergebnisse Im Untersuchungszeitraum wurden 1135 PatientInnen an 143 Studienstandorten rekrutiert. Bei 22 % der PatientInnen fanden sich initial mehr als 3 suspekte Lymphknoten. In 64 % der Fälle wurde der Target-Lymphknoten (TLN) markiert. Dabei erfolgte die Markierung bei 83 % der PatientInnen mit Clips/Coils, bei je 8 % mit magnetischen Seeds oder Kohlenstoffsuspension und bei 1 % mit einem Radarmarker. Bei jeweils 48 % der PatientInnen wurde nach NACT eine Targeted Axillary Dissection (TAD) oder eine axilläre Lymphonodektomie (ALND) geplant, bei 2 % eine alleinige Sentinel-Lymphknoten-Biopsie (SLNB). Klinisch wurde der Nodalstatus nach NACT in 65 % der Fälle als unauffällig beurteilt. Bei 65 % der Frauen wurde der histologische Lymphknotenstatus durch die Palpation und bei 69 % der PatientInnen durch die Sonografie korrekt erfasst.
Schlussfolgerung An den deutschen AXSANA-Studienzentren werden derzeit die TAD und die ALND als häufigste operative Stagingverfahren nach NACT bei primär nodal positiven MammakarzinompatientInnen durchgeführt, wobei die Markierung des TLN vor NACT mit verschiedenen Markern erfolgt. Aufgrund der ungenügenden Genauigkeit der klinischen Beurteilung des axillären Lymphknotenstatus nach NACT sollte kritisch hinterfragt werden, ob eine Axilladissektion nach NACT auf der Grundlage einer alleinigen klinischen Bewertung des Nodalstatus erfolgen sollte.
A simple incubation test for determining soil dispersion and gypsum rates
Authors: Liang Xueying , Rengasamy Pichu , Scott Edward , Mosley Luke M. 
Published: November 2022

Context High levels of exchangeable sodium or potassium in soils can lead to issues such as dispersion and deterioration of soil structure, reduced hydraulic conductivity and inadequate aeration. Gypsum is the most common soil amendment used to treat these issues but current methods to determine application rates (e.g. based on exchangeable sodium percentage or addition of dissolved calcium to diluted soil extracts) have limitations. Aim The aim of this study was to develop a simple soil incubation test to determine gypsum rates that are sufficient to eliminate soil dispersion. Methods Accurately weighed amounts of gypsum (to represent rates between 0 and 10 t ha−1) were mixed with soil (n = 8, three replicates) in small columns (50 mL plastic syringe-valve) and incubated under wet conditions for different periods. The turbidity, electrical conductivity, pH and cation concentrations in the column leachate were measured. Key results As gypsum rate increased, turbidity in the leachate decreased and this relationship was fitted with a natural logarithm function for each soil (average R2 = 0.71). A desired leachate turbidity target of ≤10 NTU was used in the equation to estimate the gypsum rate when dispersion was overcome for each soil. Testing suggested that a 1-day soil incubation time was sufficient. Conclusions Advantages of this new method include (a) non-reliance on exchangeable cation measurements, (b) direct relationship of the turbidity measure with soil dispersion and (c) the influence of soil salinity on dispersion being implicitly considered. Implications This method should provide improved decision support for management of dispersive soils.
Teachers’ attitudes towards varieties of Hong Kong English
Authors: Ladegaard Hans J. , Chan Ka Long Roy 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Previous language attitude research in Hong Kong compared Hong Kong English (HKE) to exonormative standard
Englishes, whereas this study uses five varieties of HKE with more or less localised features. One hundred English language
teachers were listener judges in a verbal-guise experiment, and the results showed that most of the speakers received positive
evaluations, particularly on solidarity dimensions. The speaker with most local features received the most negative evaluation,
but the difference was most evident on status dimensions. Thus, speakers of HKE are seen as likeable, competent and proficient,
which suggests that Hong Kong may have entered into the nativisation stage of Kachru’s
(1983) model. We argue that the recognition of HKE demonstrated in this study should have implications for English
language teaching. We propose adopting pedagogies grounded in local language and culture, which would encourage students and
teachers to express themselves in localised English, and express a local identity.
A
4-based model with linear seesaw scheme for lepton mass and mixing
Authors: Vien V V , Long H N 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We suggest a low-scale model based on A
4 × Z
4 × Z
2 symmetry and a global lepton number U(1)
L
symmetry capable of generating the current neutrino data. The neutrino mass smallness is reproduced by the linear seesaw mechanism. The model can explain the current observed pattern of lepton mixing in which the reactor and atmospheric angles get the best-fit values, and the solar angle and Dirac phase lie within 3 σ limits. The obtained values of the sum of neutrino mass and the effective neutrino mass are below the present experimental limits.
Unique low-energy line defects and lateral heterostructures in phosphorene
Authors: Guan Jie , Li Kang , Lu Nan , Yang Cuiping 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Defect engineering and heterostructure construction are important approaches to modulate the properties of two-dimensional semiconductors. We introduced four phosphorene allotropes as the defective structures to construct the corresponding line defects and lateral heterostructures in black phosphorene. In all the constructed phosphorene systems, the P atoms at the boundaries will keep local threefold covalent bonding, forming clean one-dimensional interfaces and exhibiting a high stability. Electronic structure calculations show that all the constructed structures are semiconducting in absent of deep defect states and the band gap values can be regulated by introducing different defective structures. Distinct distributions of the electronic frontier states are found in the different line defect systems and both type-I and II band alignments can be formed in the semiconducting lateral heterostructures.
Baryon asymmetry and lower bound on right handed neutrino mass in fast expanding Universe: an analytical approach
Authors: Chakraborty Mainak , Roy Sourov 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The expansion rate of the Universe deviates from its standard value when the total energy density includes contribution from a new scalar field apart from the radiation energy density. The non-trivial modifications incurred in the Boltzmann equations render the well known analytical solutions unsuitable in non standard scenario. In the present study we derive analytical expressions for the efficiency factor (which is nothing but solution of set of Boltzmann equations) using certain legible approximations. A fair degree of accuracy of these formulas have been observed by juxtaposing the analytical results with that obtained through numerical solution of Boltzmann equations. Faster expansion of the Universe results in decrement of the effective decay parameter which brings down the amount of washout of asymmetry due to inverse decay. Thus in non-standard cosmology scenario, a larger fraction of the asymmetry (generated at early epoch) is expected to survive till present epoch. Alteration of the cosmology does not affect the underlying particle physics model responsible for the generation of the CP asymmetry. Therefore starting from an identical particle physics model we will end up with a larger final baryon asymmetry in the non-standard scenario. It hints towards the possible relaxation of the lower bound of the lightest right handed neutrino mass required to produce adequate asymmetry which is in agreement with current experimental data.
Influence of Tip Speed Ratio on the efficiency of Savonius wind turbine with deformable blades
Authors: Marchewka Emil , Sobczak Krzysztof , Reorowicz Piotr , Obidowski Damian , Jóźwik Krzysztof 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Improving machines efficiency and searching for their new applications are the main topics in the development of the renewable energy industry. In the case of Savonius type wind turbines, the works aim at the improvement of aerodynamic performance. The CFD simulations of a turbine equipped with deformable blades showed a significant positive impact of this enhancement on the machine aerodynamic efficiency. Previously, the investigation was carried out for a TSR (Tip Speed Ratio) equal to 0.8, typically recognized as the point of maximal efficiency for conventional Savonius wind turbines with rigid blades. However, the continuously altering shape of blades during their rotation can influence the optimal TSR. Therefore, the efficiency of the deformable blade turbine was investigated in a wide range of TSR. In this paper, the previously developed quasi-2D model with a two-way Fluid-Structure Interaction method was employed to obtain turbine efficiency characteristics as a function of TSR. The maximum power coefficient Cp was achieved at TSR = 0.9. Obtained characteristic was compared with data for a conventional rigid blades turbine, gathered with a comparable sliding mesh model.
Statistical analysis of flow velocity field inside random packed beds
Authors: Marek Maciej 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Immersed boundary method is used for simulation of fluid flow through random packed beds of various particles (cylinders and rings) obtained in a separate numerical simulation of the packing process. Due to complexities of the random packing structure the flow velocity is also highly complex despite the laminar regime. The statistical characteristics of the flow field are examined in detail and compared between various packings - not only probability distribution of flow velocity but also novel statistical measures that provide useful information about the flow applicable to simplified models of flow in similar structures. The measures are based on the statistics of the flow deflection angle i.e. the angle between the local flow velocity vector and the inlet velocity direction. The proposed two-dimensional map allows for assessment of the probability distribution of the flow deflection angle for different values of the velocity magnitude.
A parametric analysis of concentration losses in an anode of a solid oxide fuel cell
Authors: Prokop T , Brus G , Szmyd J 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to discuss the loss of voltage in a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) as a result of the irreversible diffusive transport of gases through the microscopic pores of its fuel electrode. The voltage loss is estimated by solving the diffusive-convective equations, and current conduction equations in a computational domain based on data from Focused Ion Beam Scanning Electron Microscopy. The simulation includes both the binary diffusion and the free-molecular diffusion phenomena by employing Cylindrical Pore Interpolation Model. Butler-Volmer model is used to compute the reaction rate. Ion and electron current conduction is based on empirical relationships reported in the literature. The total losses are decomposed to identify the contribution of the mass transport irreversibilities. The parametric study results form a concave surface, showing non-linear relationship between electrode thickness, and diffusion-related voltage losses. The optimal active layer thickness is estimated.
CFD analysis of a multi-rotor flying robot for air pollution inspection
Authors: Suchanek G , Filipek R 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The aim of the work was to create a CFD model of the flow generated around the drone to estimate the impact of field parameters on the results of actual measurements from PM sensors that are positioned differently in relation to the propellers. The model created with the use of the ANSYS Fluent software allowed one to determine the criterion of their sufficient distance. The robots with four, six and eight rotors were analyzed. For these, the turbulence intensity, velocity and pressure distributions were determined. The paper also presents the results of PM measurements carried out under field conditions using two sensors mounted on the hexacopter robot.
CO2 methanation: on the modeling of reacting laminar flows in structured Ni/MgAl2O4 catalysts
Authors: Méndez J A Medina , González-Castaño M , Baena-Moreno F M , Arellano-García H 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This work presents an overview of issues for the modeling of laminar flows in monolith catalysts. Both 0-D and 3-D models are evaluated for a parallel channel structured honeycomb catalyst (PC-HC), and a gyroid 3-D printed structured catalyst (G-3D). At the 0-D homogeneous reactor modeling level, the analysis is focused on the effect of the bulk porosity, as well as the model choice to represent Nusselt number effects. Results show the better suitability of a long tube Nusselt number model for the representation of the maximum temperature achievable in the 0-D homogeneous reactor, as well as a modest effect of the porosity on the catalyst CO2 conversion. A more detailed insight on heat transfer and the core reaction zone inside the monolith can be obtained at the 3-D homogeneous reactor modeling level.
Microphysical measurements of hydrometeors using shadowgraph imaging technique
Authors: Mohammadi Moein , Nowak Jakub L , Malinowski Szymon P 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The size distributions of raindrops and precipitation particles were measured in a series of in situ experiments during various weather events in Warsaw, Poland. To perform the measurements, a shadowgraph instrument, “VisiSize D30”, was set up on the roof of the Institute of Geophysics, University of Warsaw, together with an “OTT Parsivel2” laser disdrometer. The VisiSize D30, recently introduced to atmospheric research, is capable of accurately determining a wide range of particle sizes, from micrometre-scale cloud droplets to millimetre-scale precipitation particles, while directly measuring droplets by capturing shadow images of them. A comparison of the data collected by the two instruments during simultaneous measurements shows that combining the shadowgraph technique with the optical disdrometer can prevent droplet size distribution truncation and provide more accurate results.
On Dynamics of Flow past a Stage Axial Air Turbine
Authors: Uruba V , Duda D , Yanovych V 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The air flow inside a single-stage test turbine is studied experimentally using the Particle Image Velocimetry technique. The measurements were performed at the axial-tangential plane just behind the rotor at the middle blade radius. The large vortical structures are identified in the shear layers between the blade wakes and channel jet. The phase-locked structures topology of random dynamical structures in the flow behind the stage are to be analysed using the Proper Orthogonal Decomposition method.
Least-order representation of control-oriented flow estimation exemplified for the fluidic pinball
Authors: Li Songqi , Li Wenpeng , Noack Bernd R 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Deep learning has been widely utilized to accurately estimate the flow state from the sparse sensor measurements. Yet there is still a lack of understanding of the actual dimension of this type of regression problem. In this study, we propose an Autoencoder (AE) based estimation method to tackle the control-oriented, sensor-based flow estimation problem. This method encodes the input information into a few-nodes bottleneck, then decodes the compressed information to the estimated the flow state. This network stands for the least order representation of the input-output relationship. We choose the fluidic pinball as the benchmark problem which contains multiple-input and multiple-output. The rotations of three cylinders in the flow generates rich flow physics. Consequently, strong non-linearity arises between input measurements and output flow state. For fair comparison the Deep Neural Network (DNN) is also employed to highlight the influence of the encoding-decoding process in AE. The results show that when the flow is periodic, the input vector can be effectively encoded into a five-dimensional subspace without a significant loss of estimation accuracy. However, the five-dimensional encoding will eliminate partial information from the input vector when the forced flow becomes chaotic, resulting in a lower estimation accuracy than DNN.
On the generalization of Calogero-Ahmed summation formulas
Authors: Urbanowicz K , Stosiak M , Bergant A 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The use of the Laplace transform gives the solution of water hammer equations in the frequency domain. The inverse transform of this solution over the years seemed impossible to derive, due to the significant complexity and the fact that the square root of the Bessel function was embedded in the argument of the resulting hyperbolic functions. In this work, we consider some generalizations that enable the determination of the modified Calogero-Ahmed infinite series. These generalizations will allow us in the near future (using the machine learning and artificial intelligence algorithms) a return to the time domain in a very wide range of the dynamic viscosity function, which plays the most important role in this complex fluid dynamic problem.
Density diffusion in low Mach number flows
Authors: Pozorski J , Kajzer A 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In the realm of compressible viscous flow modelling, we briefly revisit the debate on a possible inconsistency of the Navier-Stokes (NS) equations. Then, we recall a recent proposal from the literature, put forward by M. Svärd. One of its features is the mass diffusive term in the continuity equation. The presence of density diffusion in the Svärd model reduces dispersive numerical errors when simple centred 2nd order, numerical diffusion free, spatial schemes are used, as confirmed in the simulations of a doubly-periodic shear layer at Ma = 0.05 and Re = 104. Further reduction of the dispersive errors at the spatial discretisation level is possible by more sophisticated approximation techniques.
Non-equilibrium dissipation scaling in atmospheric turbulence
Authors: Wacławczyk M , Nowak J L , Malinowski S P 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This work is devoted to the detection of non-equilibrium turbulence states in atmospheric turbulence. The non-equilibrium scaling contradicts the classical Richardson-Kolmogorov cascade picture and many turbulence models do not account for it. The existence of such scaling has been discovered in various laboratory experiments. We show here that non-equilibrium states are also present in the stratocumulus-topped boundary layers, which indicates the presence rapidly changing external conditions.
Stochastic resetting in a networked multiparticle system with correlated transitions
Authors: Artime Oriol 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The state of many physical, biological and socio-technical systems evolves by combining smooth local transitions and abrupt resetting events to a set of reference values. The inclusion of the resetting mechanism not only provides the possibility of modeling a wide variety of realistic systems but also leads to interesting novel phenomenology not present in reset-free cases. However, most models where stochastic resetting is studied address the case of a finite number of uncorrelated variables, commonly a single one, such as the position of non-interacting random walkers. Here we overcome this limitation by framing the process of network growth with node deletion as a stochastic resetting problem where an arbitrarily large number of degrees of freedom are coupled and influence each other, both in the resetting and non-resetting (growth) events. We find the exact, full-time solution of the model, and several out-of-equilibrium properties are characterized as function of the growth and resetting rates, such as the emergence of a time-dependent percolation-like phase transition, and first-passage statistics. Coupled multiparticle systems subjected to resetting are a necessary generalization in the theory of stochastic resetting, and the model presented herein serves as an illustrative, natural and solvable example of such a generalization.
Impact of Undernutrition on Tuberculosis Treatment Outcomes in India: A Multicenter, Prospective, Cohort Analysis
Authors: Sinha Pranay , Ponnuraja Chinnaiyan , Gupte Nikhil , Prakash Babu Senbagavalli , Cox Samyra R , Sarkar Sonali , Mave Vidya , Paradkar Mandar , Cintron Chelsie , Govindarajan S , Kinikar Aarti , Priya Nadesan , Gaikwad Sanjay , Thangakunam Balamugesh , Devarajan Arutselvi , Dhanasekaran Mythili , Tornheim Jeffrey A , Gupta Amita , Salgame Padmini , Christopher Devashyam Jesudas , Kornfeld Hardy , Viswanathan Vijay , Ellner Jerrold J , Horsburgh C Robert , Gupte Akshay N , Padmapriyadarsini Chandrasekaran , Hochberg Natasha S 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
Undernutrition is the leading risk factor for tuberculosis (TB) globally. Its impact on treatment outcomes is poorly defined.

Methods
We conducted a prospective cohort analysis of adults with drug-sensitive pulmonary TB at 5 sites from 2015–2019. Using multivariable Poisson regression, we assessed associations between unfavorable outcomes and nutritional status based on body mass index (BMI) nutritional status at treatment initiation, BMI prior to TB disease, stunting, and stagnant or declining BMI after 2 months of TB treatment. Unfavorable outcome was defined as a composite of treatment failure, death, or relapse within 6 months of treatment completion.

Results
Severe undernutrition (BMI &lt;16 kg/m2) at treatment initiation and severe undernutrition before the onset of TB disease were both associated with unfavorable outcomes (adjusted incidence rate ratio [aIRR], 2.05; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.42–2.91 and aIRR, 2.20; 95% CI, 1.16–3.94, respectively). Additionally, lack of BMI increase after treatment initiation was associated with increased unfavorable outcomes (aIRR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.27–2.61). Severe stunting (height-for-age z score &lt;−3) was associated with unfavorable outcomes (aIRR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.00–2.24). Severe undernutrition at treatment initiation and lack of BMI increase during treatment were associated with a 4- and 5-fold higher rate of death, respectively.

Conclusions
Premorbid undernutrition, undernutrition at treatment initiation, lack of BMI increase after intensive therapy, and severe stunting are associated with unfavorable TB treatment outcomes. These data highlight the need to address this widely prevalent TB comorbidity. Nutritional assessment should be integrated into standard TB care.