bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultraschall in der Dermatochirurgie: Enthüllen des Verborgenen für optimierte chirurgische Planung
Authors: Crisan Diana , Wortsman Ximena , Alfageme Fernando , Catalano Orlando , Badea Alexandru , Scharffetter‐Kochanek Karin , Sindrilaru Anca , Crisan Maria 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Sonographie ist ein modernes bildgebendes In‐vivo‐Verfahren, das in der Dermatologie zunehmend als ergänzendes Instrument zur klinischen Untersuchung und Dermatoskopie eingesetzt wird. Bei höheren Frequenzen (≥ 15 MHz) ist die Ultraschalldiagnostik eine etablierte Methode zur Beurteilung gutartiger und bösartiger Hautläsionen, lokoregionärer Lymphknoten, Überwachung der therapeutischen Wirksamkeit bei verschiedenen entzündlichen Hauterkrankungen und zur Patientennachsorge. Ein Bereich, der zunehmend von leistungsfähigen, bildgebenden Verfahren wie den Ultraschallsystemen profitieren könnte, ist die Dermatochirurgie. Die präoperative sonographische Darstellung von Hauttumoren, entzündlichen Hauterkrankungen (zum Beispiel Akne inversa, Abszesse) oder unterschiedlicher Nageltumoren liefert dem Chirurgen relevante präoperative Informationen und eine genaue anatomische Zuordnung für eine optimale chirurgische Planung. Zudem ermöglicht es die Identifizierung von potenziell komplexen Aspekten, die bei einer OP‐Planung berücksichtigt werden müssen, welche manchmal ein interdisziplinäres Vorgehen erfordern könnten. Dies kann unnötige operative Schritte vermeiden und somit die Patienten‐Compliance erhöhen.In dieser Übersicht diskutieren wir die zunehmende Bedeutung der Ultraschalldiagnostik in der Dermatochirurgie sowie das Spektrum der Hauterkrankungen, bei dem die präoperative Sonographie eine präzisere, individuellere Operationsplanung zur besseren Beratung unserer Patienten ermöglicht.
Highly rapid and diverse sex chromosome evolution in the Odorrana frog species complex
Authors: Katsumi Taito , Shams Foyez , Yanagi Hiroaki , Ohnishi Taku , Toda Mamoru , Lin Si‐Min , Mawaribuchi Shuuji , Shimizu Norio , Ezaz Tariq , Miura Ikuo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSex chromosomes in poikilothermal vertebrates are characterized by rapid and diverse evolution at the species or population level. Our previous study revealed that the Taiwanese frog Odorrana swinhoana (2n = 26) has a unique system of multiple sex chromosomes created by three sequential translocations among chromosomes 1, 3, and 7. To reveal the evolutionary history of sex chromosomes in the Odorrana species complex, we first identified the original, homomorphic sex chromosomes, prior to the occurrence of translocations, in the ancestral‐type population of O. swinhoana. Then, we extended the investigation to a closely related Japanese species, Odorrana utsunomiyaorum, which is distributed on two small islands. We used a high‐throughput nuclear genomic approach to analyze single‐nucleotide polymorphisms and identify the sex‐linked markers. Those isolated from the O. swinhoana ancestral‐type population were found to be aligned to chromosome 1 and showed male heterogamety. In contrast, almost all the sex‐linked markers isolated from O. utsunomiyaorum were heterozygous in females and homozygous in males and were aligned to chromosome 9. Morphologically, we confirmed chromosome 9 to be heteromorphic in females, showing a ZZ‐ZW sex determination system, in which the W chromosomes were heterochromatinized in a stripe pattern along the chromosome axis. These results indicated that after divergence of the two species, the ancestral homomorphic sex chromosome 1 underwent highly rapid and diverse evolution, i.e., sequential translocations with two autosomes in O. swinhoana, and turnover to chromosome 9 in O. utsunomiyaorum, with a transition from XY to ZW heterogamety and change to heteromorphy.
Evaluation of split‐cast techniques for remounting casts on a dental articulator: A survey and an in vitro study
Authors: Sayed Mohammed E. , Ramireddy Naveen R. , Nandalur Kulashekar R. , Ahmed Walaa Magdy 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionThis study aimed to investigate the difference between senior dental students and prosthodontic faculty members regarding their opinions, attitudes and adoption of six split‐cast techniques for remounting complete dentures. The accuracy of each technique for measurements of the vertical and the anteroposterior dimensions was assessed.Materials and MethodsSix split‐cast techniques to remove the casts were compared. A total of 115 participants removed a set of casts on six different articulators, and a questionnaire survey was administered. A digital Vernier caliper was used to measure the linear dimensional changes between the laterally pindexed references on each cast. The data were statistically analysed at α = 0.05.ResultsThere were significant differences between senior dental students and prosthodontic faculty members in their responses regarding adoption of daily practice and techniques requiring more skill (p = .001). To adopt a specific technique in daily practice, most students and faculty members chose long round die pins (36.4%) and central groove indexing (CGI; 40.7%), respectively. For techniques requiring more skills, most students and faculty members chose long rectangular die pins (30.7%) and short round dowel pins (33.3%), respectively.ConclusionDental students preferred ShRP, whilst faculty members preferred LReP. All participants considered CGI to be the easiest amongst the techniques. For comparison with baseline measurements, both senior dental students and prosthodontic faculty members considered side notch indexing and double dowel pins to be the most accurate techniques for vertical measurements, and CGI for anteroposterior measurements.
Lessons from the Field. Caregivers supporting marginalized people receiving social service support from street outreach workers
Authors: Rauwerdink‐Nijland Evelien , van den Dries Linda , Metz Judith , Verhoeff Arnoud , Wolf Judith 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveIn this Lesson from the Field, we examine changes in the burden experienced by caregivers of persons who experience homelessness associated with lack employment, employability or education, and mental health challenges when the care recipient receives support from an outreach professional known as a social street worker (herein identified as worker). In addition, we focus on caregivers' perception of change in the quality of their relationship with the person for whom they care and whether the caregivers receive support from the worker.BackgroundIn the Netherlands, due to the transformation toward a participation society, persons living in compromised circumstances must increasingly rely on caregivers for support and shelter instead of relying on services, such as support from social community teams.MethodsWorkers provided by a Dutch organization covering the northwest of the Netherlands gained the consent of their clients to contact the clients' caregivers. Caregivers were invited to participate in the research and completed consent. A total of 111 caregivers of persons receiving support from workers completed surveys.ResultsCaregivers who had more contact with the worker worried less about the person for whom they provided care. No changes were found regarding tension between caregivers and the person for whom they cared. Most caregivers (73%) perceived positive changes in the quality of the relationship with the person for whom they provided care, and 52% received support from the worker.ConclusionMost carers did not perceive changes in their burden, but did perceived positive changes in the quality of the relationship with the person for whom they cared and received support themselves.ImplicationsOur study underpins the need to recognize the caregiver's burden of caregivers who support marginalized people, to connect with these caregivers, and to support them.
Structure and functional composition of macroinvertebrate communities in coastal plain streams across a precipitation gradient
Authors: Carvallo Fernando R. , Strickland Bradley A. , Kinard Sean K. , Reese Brandi Kiel , Hogan James Derek , Patrick Christopher J. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Climate change is expected to alter rainfall and temperature regimes across the world. The hydrology and riparian zone vegetation of lotic ecosystems are tightly linked to rainfall and a mechanistic understanding of the effects of rainfall on lotic ecosystems is needed to forecast the ecological impacts of climate change. However, it is difficult to isolate rainfall effects from other environmental variables that covary across climates. To address this, we leveraged a unique steep rainfall gradient with few covarying changes in elevation, temperature, and geology to evaluate the effects of rainfall on stream invertebrate communities.

We surveyed nine streams in the Texas Gulf Coast Prairie distributed along a 550–1,350 mm/year rainfall gradient. Four sites were classified as drier semi‐arid streams (<750 mm annual rainfall) and five sites were classified as wetter sub‐humid streams (>750 mm annual rainfall). A suite of characteristics including benthic invertebrate community metrics, flow conditions, and water quality variables were assessed monthly for 14 months at each site to relate precipitation regime to stream structure and function.

Precipitation regime was observed to be a master explanatory variable. As annual rainfall increased, the flow environment became more stable within seasons and predictable across seasons, influencing spatial structure and temporal variability of invertebrate community composition. Wetter streams were dominated by slower growing taxa without adaptions for desiccation resistance and strong dispersal. Wetter sites displayed seasonal variation in community composition and species richness, whereas temporal variation in communities in drier streams was controlled by stochastic variation in flow conditions.

These observations show that differences in local annual rainfall correlated with major changes to community structure and functional composition. We hypothesise that this association is related to the connection of rainfall to hydrological stability, particularly the frequency of low flow disturbances, and the subsequent effects on riparian vegetation and temporally available niches to stream invertebrates. Our work adds to evidence that alterations in precipitation patterns associated with climate change have sweeping impacts on lotic fauna.
Thermal regime, together with lateral connectivity, control aquatic invertebrate composition in river floodplains
Authors: Marle Pierre , Riquier Jérémie , Timoner Pablo , Mayor Hélène , Slaveykova Vera I. , Castella Emmanuel 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Large river floodplains are dynamic environments, where alternating low and high flows are key ecological processes shaping aquatic biota. As a result of fluctuations in flow in floodplain channels, the diversity of benthic assemblages is assumed to result from the balance between surface flow connections, which are dominant during high flows, and groundwater inputs, which are dominant during low flows. However, the relative importance of these inputs in explaining aquatic invertebrate diversity has never been tested.

The response of aquatic invertebrates to hydrological changes of a river floodplain was investigated in seven braided and six braided–anastomosed floodplain channels of the French upper Rhône River that are fed by three different processes: groundwater supply (which controls the thermal inertia of the water bodies), surface slow flow connections (i.e. diffuse overbank flows; passive overflow), and surface shear stress‐related connections (i.e. condensed flows; active overflow) during high flows.

Generalised dissimilarity models indicated that floodplain invertebrate composition had complex relationships with the three processes considered. The relative importance of the latter appeared dependent upon the morphology of the floodplain channels. In the braided channels, the effects of shear stress‐related connections were more prominent than in the anastomosed ones, for which the effects of the three processes were more similar.

Overall, the diversity of flow connections, that is, lateral surface water connections (both shear stress‐related and slow, as defined above) and vertical connection with groundwater (inferred through thermal inertia) enhanced the species turnover at the reach scale. Thermal inertia influenced invertebrate composition when, during low flow periods, surface flow connections had limited effect.

Our results highlighted that the role of hydrologic connectivity upon floodplain diversity cannot be reduced to a single process. They also indicate the importance of vertical connectivity for maintaining biodiversity in floodplain habitats where surface flow connectivity is neither frequent nor constant.
The important impact of dental care on haemostatic treatment burden in patients with mild haemophilia
Authors: Raso Simona , Napolitano Mariasanta , Sirocchi Davide , Siragusa Sergio , Hermans Cedric 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundMild haemophilia (MH) is mainly characterized by haemorrhages secondary to surgery/invasive procedures or trauma. Haemostatic treatment in MH ranges from on demand to short prophylaxis according to the type of bleeding events and the basal clotting factor level. Oral surgery and dental extractions can represent a frequent haemostatic challenge in MH requiring appropriate treatment. However, only few studies on limited numbers of patients are available in the literature regarding the implications of dental management in patients with MH.ObjectivesThe purpose of the study was to evaluate the impact of dental care on the burden of haemostatic treatment in patients affected by MH.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective multicentre study evaluating adult patients with MH regularly examined at the Haemophilia Treatment Centres (HTCs) of the Saint‐Luc University Hospital, Brussels (Belgium) and of Paolo Giaccone Hospital, Palermo (Italy). The population consisted of 107 male patients with MH, with a mean age of 39 years (range 18–81 years).ResultsThe majority of patients (86/107, 79%) needed at least one treatment within the study period, and 44% (38/86) of them received haemostatic therapy for dental care. Haemostatic therapy in our study varied from antifibrinolytic therapy alone and perioperative factor replacement to the absence of treatment at all. The great majority of oral interventions (27/42, 64%) were managed with clotting factor concentrate.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that dental care currently represents a major reason for haemostatic treatments in patients with MH. Maintaining good oral health appears as a priority to minimize avoidable replacement therapy and optimize resources.
Building cultural intelligence through supervisor support: Social exchange and subjective career success as mediators and organisational support as a moderator
Authors: Le Huong , Jiang Zhou , Greenhaus Jeffrey 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study offers a new perspective on how organisational factors influence migrant workers' cultural intelligence (CQ) by examining a moderated mediation model of the mechanism underlying the relationship between perceived supervisor support and CQ. We tested our model using a survey on a sample of 462 migrants. We found that employees' social exchange and subjective career success mediated the relationship between their perceptions of supervisor support and CQ. Furthermore, perceived organisational support moderated the social exchange–CQ relationship, and this relationship was stronger among workers with perceived high organisational support than for those with perceptions of low support. We also found that the indirect effect of employees' perceived supervisor support on CQ via social exchange was stronger for those with perceived high organisational support than for those with perceptions of low support. This study contributes to a better understanding of factors that foster migrant workers' abilities to navigate diverse workplaces.
The relationship between pancreatic cancer and type 2 diabetes: the Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase I
Authors: Davis Timothy M. E. , Davis Wendy A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPancreatic cancer incidence was double (incidence rate ratio 2.06) in community‐based adults with (n = 1291) versus without (n = 5158) type 2 diabetes followed for up to 25 years in the Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase 1. Sustained higher fasting plasma glucose reflecting insulin resistance and fewer comorbidities were statistically significant risk factors in the cohort with diabetes. Past pancreatitis was an aetiologically significant determinant in the cohort as a whole.
The emergence of the calvarial hematopoietic niche in health and disease
Authors: Mills William A. , Coburn Morgan A , Eyo Ukpong B. 
Published: July 2022

SummaryThe diploë region of skull has recently been discovered to act as a myeloid cell reservoir to the underlying meninges. The presence of ossified vascular channels traversing the inner skull of cortex provides a passageway for the cells to traffic from the niche, and CNS‐derived antigens traveling through cerebrospinal fluid in a perivascular manner reaches the niche to signal myeloid cell egress. This review will highlight the recent findings establishing this burgeoning field along with the known role this niche plays in CNS aging and disease. It will further highlight the anatomical routes and physiological properties of the vascular structures these cells use for trafficking, spanning from skull to brain parenchyma.
Acute radiation dermatitis among patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated with proton beam therapy: Prognostic factors and treatment outcomes
Authors: Fang Ko‐Chun , Lee Chih‐Hung , Chuang Hui‐Ching , Huang Tai‐Lin , Chien Chih‐Yen , Tsai Wen‐Ling , Fang Fu‐Min 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA high incidence of severe acute radiation dermatitis (ARD) has been reported for cancer patients treated by proton beam therapy (PBT). This observational study investigated the prognostic factors and treatment outcomes of ARD among patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) treated with PBT. Fifty‐seven patients with newly diagnosed NPC and treated with PBT were enrolled. ARD was recorded weekly based on the criteria of Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.0 at treatment visits (1st to 7th weeks) and 1 week (8th week) and 1 month (11th week) after the completion of PBT. The maximum ARD grade was 1, 2, and 3 in 26 (45.6%), 24 (42.1%), and 7 (12.3%) of the patients, respectively. The peak incidence of grade 2 and 3 ARD was observed during the period of the 6th to 8th weeks. Treatment of ARD included topical corticosteroid alone in 24 (42.1%) patients, topical corticosteroid plus silver sulfadiazine in 33 (57.9%) patients, and non‐adhering silicone dressing to cover severe skin wound area in 25 (43.8%) patients. In the 11th week, most grade 2 and 3 ARD had disappeared and 93.0% of the patients had ARD of grade 1 or lower. In the binary logistic regression model, we identified habitual smoking (odds ratio [OR]: 5.2, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.3‐18.8, P = .012) and N2 to N3 nodal status (OR: 4.9, 95% CI: 1.6‐15.4, P = .006) as independent predictors of grade 2 and 3 ARD. The results show ARD is a major concern for patients with NPC treated with PBT, especially those with habitual smoking or advanced nodal status. Topical corticosteroid, silver sulfadiazine, and non‐adhering silicone dressing are effective for treating ARD induced by PBT.
Intense UV absorbers in fluorite‐type rare‐earth cerates for sunscreen formulations
Authors: Raj Athira K. V. , Rao P. Prabhakar 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntense UV absorbers are developed in fluorite‐type rare‐earth cerate solid solutions: RE2O3 + 2CeO2 = RE2Ce2O7 (RE = La, Gd, and Y) by the conventional ceramic route. X‐ray diffraction analysis corroborates the formation of fluorite structure with lattice expansion from Y to La compound. Further, Raman analysis elucidates that the defect oxygen vacancies increased in concentration from Y‐ to Gd‐substituted ones. The defect concentration of Ce3+ is dependent on the rare earth used and it is more for Y than the other two. The UV–vis spectra exhibit strong absorption in the UVA and UVB wavelength regions (210–400 nm) due to an increased polarizability of oxygen ions bound to cerium in the order of La > Gd > Y. The absorption edge is sharp, and the absorbance of La compound is 2.5 times higher than that of the existing titania UV absorber and is also far higher than that of the pure CeO2. Additionally, methylene blue photodegradation and photoluminescence studies show negligible photocatalytic activity for these compositions. Thus, the rare‐earth cerates can be considered possible sun screen formulations that can be blended with other organic products to provide effective, safe, and desirable UV protection without surface coatings to shield the photocatalysis.
Foodservice systems and mealtime models in rehabilitation: Scoping review
Authors: Pashley Alice , Young Adrienne , Wright Olivia 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimsTo describe current foodservice systems and mealtime care utilized in the rehabilitation setting. A secondary aim was to identify commonly used outcome measures in foodservice research in the rehabilitation setting.DesignA scoping review.Data sourcesPubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Embase, PsycINFO and Cochrane were searched until January 2022.Review methodsThe review was conducted according to Joanna Briggs Institute's methodology for scoping reviews. Included studies were conducted in the inpatient rehabilitation setting, adult population ≥18 years old and provided a description of at least one element of the foodservice system, food and menu, waste and/or eating environment.ResultsOf 5882 articles screened, 37 articles were included, reporting 31 unique studies. Most rehabilitation units had cook‐fresh production methods (50%), used decentralized bulk delivery methods (67%) had a communal dining room (67%) and had a 3‐week menu cycle (71%). Mealtime care was predominantly provided by nursing staff, however few studies reported on specific activities. Nutritional intake was a key outcome measure across included studies (43%), with only six papers reporting on rehabilitation outcomes. Of the intervention studies (n = 9), all were aimed at improving nutritional intake through menu or mealtime care modifications; few (n = 3) studied changes in rehabilitation outcomes.ConclusionThis scoping review identified a considerable lack of reporting of foodservice and mealtime care systems used in rehabilitation settings in the available literature. Further investigation is required to understand what models of mealtime care are provided to patients and to understand the impact of changes to foodservice and mealtime systems on patient outcomes.Patient or public contributionNo patient or public contribution was necessary for this review.