bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adiposity Status, Trajectories, and Earlier Puberty Onset: Results From a Longitudinal Cohort Study
Authors: Li Yanhui , Ma Tao , Ma Ying , Gao Di , Chen Li , Chen Manman , Liu Jieyu , Dong Bin , Dong Yanhui , Ma Jun 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Context
Adiposity is associated with earlier puberty onset in girls, but such an association among boys is controversial.

Objective
To estimate the association of prepubertal adiposity status, trajectories, and the earlier puberty onset based on a cohort study.

Methods
A total of 1322 children were included in 2017 (mean age of 8.1 ± 0.6 years for girls and 9.1 ± 0.6 years for boys) and were followed every 6 months until October 2020. Anthropometric profiles, including BMI, WC, and body composition indicators, were used to determine adiposity status. Group-based trajectory modeling was used to identify trajectory groups of anthropometric profiles. Testicular volume for boys and breast stage for girls were clinically assessed. Pubertal development was assessed through clinical inspection and palpation by using The Tanner rating map and Prader orchidometer. Covariate information was obtained through questionnaires.

Results
Childhood adiposity was associated with increased risk of earlier puberty onset. Body composition was more sensitive to earlier puberty onset than BMI and WC. Boys and girls with high-level body fat percentage had increased risk of earlier puberty onset compared with those with low-level body fat percentage. However, boys and girls with high-level FFM (fat-free mass)/FM (fat mass) had a decreased risk of earlier puberty onset compared with those with low-level FFM/FM. High-level trajectories of rapid increase in anthropometric profiles, in addition to FFM/FM, were also significantly associated with higher risk of earlier puberty onset.

Conclusion
Prepubertal adiposity and distinct trajectories were associated with earlier puberty onset. It is important to maintain healthy adiposity status to prevent earlier puberty onset in children.
Assessment of the level of quality of nursing care in an infectious diseases ward
Authors: Sierpińska Lidia , Domagała Monika 
Published: July 2022

Introduction. An important aspect of the market-based health care system is the provision of a high level of medical services, including the quality of nursing care. In order to provide high quality patient care the subjective and objective methods were applied, as well as assessment tools.
Objective. The aim of the study was an objective assessment of the quality of nursing care provided to patients in the infectious diseases ward.
Materials and Method. The study was conducted in 2017, and included 105 patients treated in the infectious diseases ward at the Independent Public Teaching Hospital No. 1 in Lublin, Poland. The research method was a diagnostic survey; the techniques: a questionnaire and participant observation; the tool: a standard BOHIPSZO questionnaire according to H. Lenartowicz.
Results. A very high coefficient of the quality of nursing care in the infectious diseases ward concerned therapeutic-nursing procedures (99%), and hotel services including satisfaction of existential needs and objectification of a patient (97% each), followed by protection of patients against infection (96%), patient safety (94%), and preparation of patients to self-care before discharge home (92%). A high coefficient of provided care concerned the standard of organization and documentation of nursing care (80%). The provision of information for patients in the infectious diseases ward was assessed by patients in the lowest terms – the care coefficient was 71%. The global coefficient of the quality of nursing care in the infectious diseases ward was on the level of 90.75% of the desired status. The deficit of care (9.25%) was insignificant; p>0.05.
Conclusions. The results of the study confirmed that a global coefficient of the quality of nursing care in the infectious diseases ward was on a very high level. Care deficit was insignificant. The improvement of the quality of care in the infectious diseases ward should concern mainly the standard of provision of information to patients, and the organization and documentation of nursing care.
Effect of physical activity on peak expiratory flow and the 6-minute walk test
Authors: Jakubowska Klaudia , Pawelec-Winiarz Magdalena , Włosiński Michał , Cichosz Michał 
Published: July 2022

The study conducted research aimed at assessing the influence of physical activity on peak expiratory flow (PEF) and the 6-minute walk test (6MTW). The research was carried out at the Department of Systemic Rehabilitation - Post Covid at the Pj-Med Rehabilitation Hospital in Popielówek from June 2021 to April 2022.
The inclusion criteria for the studies was a positive PCR test performed up to one year after the end of treatment. Exclusion criteria - active inflammation (CRP <5 or increasing CRP level), acute pulmonary embolism, heart failure with impaired left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF <35%) without cardioverter-defibrillator protection, unstable disease outside the circulatory system, unstable coronary artery disease, uncontrolled arrhythmias.
The entire rehabilitation program lasted 6 weeks. The beginning of rehabilitation services was on average 4 months after the positive PCR result (min. 1 month and max. 11 months).
A statistically significant difference was observed in the PEF parameter and in the 6MTW test before and after rehabilitation.
The role of local government units in increasing access to therapeutic rehabilitation services for patients with musculoskeletal diseases
Authors: Sobczyk Karolina , Grajek Mateusz , Woźniak-Holecka Joanna 
Published: July 2022

Chronic diseases of the osteoarticular and muscular system belong to a group of health problems that lead to a limitation of the organism's efficiency, making it difficult or impossible for individuals to function normally. Of the forms of treatment used for chronic diseases of the osteoarticular system, rehabilitation is by far the most common. These activities are mainly financed by the National Health Fund, as well as by social insurance. A complementary role is played by local governments that finance medical rehabilitation for their residents in the form of health policy programmes, implemented as public health tasks. An important argument in favour of rehabilitation at the self-governmental level is the long waiting time for medical rehabilitation services financed by the National Health Fund.
The aim of the paper was to show the role of local government in increasing access to therapeutic rehabilitation services for patients with musculoskeletal diseases. The paper discusses such issues as the importance of musculoskeletal diseases for the efficiency of individuals, organization and financing of guaranteed services in curative rehabilitation, as well as increasing access to these services at the local government level.
Assessment of neck disability index in people with bruxism
Authors: Gębska Magdalena , Trukawka Kinga , Weber-Nowakowska Katarzyna , Mikołajczyk-Kocięcka Anna , Żyżniewska-Banaszak Ewelina 
Published: July 2022

Aim: Assessment of neck disability index in people with bruxism.
Material and Methods: The study was conducted on a group of 40 subjects of both sexes, in the age range of 18 to 38 years old, with diagnosed bruxism according to Panek (B2, B3). The control group consisted of the same number of subjects in the same age range without bruxism. The research tool was the standardized neck spine disability index (NDI). The scale consists of an examination date and a follow-up after time and 10 questions related to: pain intensity, daily activities, lifting, reading, headaches, concentration, working, driving, sleeping and recreation.
Results: Individuals with bruxism are more likely to have higher rates of neck disability index. The analyses conducted showed that individuals diagnosed with bruxism achieved higher levels of pain for almost all factors on the NDI scale. The study found that significantly higher difficulty and pain intensity was present for almost all aspects among those aged 25-31 years, those with a university education, and those who were employed.
Conclusion: The biomechanical connections between the stomatognathic system and the cervical spine indicate the need for functional assessment of the cervical spine in individuals with bruxism.
Physical activity promotion at the local government level among the local community
Authors: Sobczyk Karolina , Grajek Mateusz , Rozmiarek Mateusz , Sas-Nowosielski Krzysztof 
Published: July 2022

Physical inactivity is a major public health issue. For the prevention and management of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), such as cardiovascular disease, type-2 diabetes, and a number of malignancies, regular physical activity is a critical protective factor. Along with helping to maintain a healthy weight and overall wellbeing, physical activity has positive effects on mental health, including the avoidance of cognitive decline and the symptoms of despair and anxiety. Local governments all across the world have responded to this problem by launching population-level projects that give locals access to exercise opportunities. Local governments, through the implementation of their own tasks of health promotion and protection, carry out public health tasks as defined by the Law of 11 September 2015 on Public Health. These tasks include activities in the area of physical activity.
The aim of the article was to show the role of local government in promoting physical activity among the local community. The article discusses such issues as WHO recommendations for physical activity as well as activities undertaken by local governments in the area of health promotion in the form of health policy programs and activities carried out in cooperation with NGOs.
THE EFFECT OF HEAT TREATMENT AND SURFACE ANODIZATION ON FRICTION AND WEAR COEFFICIENT OF ALUMINIUM 2024 USING PIN ON DISK METHOD
Authors: Izzati Tiya 
Published: July 2022

The use of aluminum alloys as a material for engineering components that rub against each other is increasing, so it is important to know the friction characteristics of these aluminum alloys. In this study, Aluminum 2024 was given heat treatment with variation in aging time and anodization. Then, the wear and friction coefficient tests were carried out using a pin tool on the disc. The effect of aging time and surface anodization on wear tests are carried out to determine the amount of wear and the coefficient of friction test is carried out to determine the coefficient of friction of the material when it rubs against a pin made of AISI 52100 Steel. The coefficient of friction test is carried out by adding lubrication as a parameter. The test results showed that the aluminum material given heat treatment had better resistance than that which was not heat treated. This is because the heat treatment creates precipitates that can increase the aluminum's hardness and wear resistance. Whereas for anodized specimens, the alumina layer can act as an abrasive grain when given a high enough friction and load continuously, so the wear testing mode changes from dry sliding wear to three body abrasive wear and decreased wear resistance. From the friction coefficient test results, the aging time affects the hardness of the aluminum alloy, which leads to the value of the coefficient of friction. The harder the sample surface, the smaller the coefficient of friction obtained. Furthermore, applying lubricant to the sample will also decrease the value of the friction coefficient of the sample. Lubricating oil will provide a more significant reduction in friction coefficient than air. Finally, the anodizing surface on the sample will act as a lubricant reservoir when it occurs.
Quantification of biomarkers and evaluation of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxicity properties of Dodonaea viscosa grown in Saudi Arabia using HPTLC technique
Authors: Almarfadi Omer M. , Siddiqui Nasir A. , Shahat Abdelaaty A. , Alqahtani Ali S. , Alam Perwez , Nasr Fahd A. , Alshahrani Saad S. , Noman Omar M. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Dodonaea viscosa (Sapindaceae) was collected from Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. For the simultaneous measurement of quercetin and kaempferol, a validated high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) approach was devised in D. viscosa leaf extract. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using diphenyl 1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) assays. Moreover, the cytotoxic effect was tested against three cancer cell lines A549, HepG2, and MDA-MB-231. The potential anti-inflammatory properties of different fractions of D. viscosa were also evaluated using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced THP-1 macrophages cells. The test samples include a crude extract of leaves and its solvent-soluble fractions of D. viscosa. The results showed that the crude extract and its fractions exhibited various significant biological activities, the fraction of chloroform demonstrated the highest free radical scavenging activity with IC50 values: 172.2 and 257.7 µg/mL for both DPPH and ABTS tests. Additionally, the chloroform fraction had the greatest cytotoxic activity against MDA-MB-231 (IC50 values: 24.6 ± 0.4 µg/mL). Moreover, the chloroform fraction exhibited the highest downregulation of the LPS-induced expression of TNF-α and IL-6. Quercetin and kaempferol were estimated concurrently in leaves crude extract using a validated technique on an HPTLC plate (10 cm2 × 10 cm2) with a combination of toluene–ethyl acetate–formic acid (5:4:0.2; v/v/v) as the mobile phase and a λ
max of 254 nm. The amount of quercetin and kaempferol was found to be 31.8 and 15.01 mg/g of dried leaf extract, respectively. The presence of high levels of quercetin and kaempferol in D. viscosa leaves extract could explain its remarkable antioxidant, cytotoxic, and anti-inflammatory effects. The devolved HPTLC method can be used for routine analysis and standardization of D. viscosa crude plant material, extracts, and/or finished products using quercetin and kaempferol as appropriate markers.
Detection of sub-surface fractures based on filtering, modeling, and interpreting aeromagnetic data in the Deng Deng – Garga Sarali area, Eastern Cameroon
Authors: Yigui Lionel Cedric , Ndougsa-Mbarga Theophile , Meying Arsène , Owono-Amougou Olivier Ulrich-Igor 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The aeromagnetic anomalies existing in the Deng Deng – Garga Sarali region in Eastern Cameroon were filtered for a structural study of the region’s subsoil. This study presents the results of lineaments and fractures extracted by aeromagnetic image processing methods and compared with scientific data to obtain potential terrain models in the study area. The methodological approach used is based on the filtering of aeromagnetic image by using the analytical signal, the Euler deconvolution, and 2D3/4 modeling, to establish the maps of the lineaments and faults of the study area and their characteristics, and also to propose three models from three previously chosen profiles. Analytical signal and Euler deconvolution techniques have been applied to aeromagnetic anomalies to highlight the relationship between the depth and the source of magnetic anomalies, two parameters whose importance in geoexploration and modeling of the body is essential. We identified the potential contacts by interpretation of the deep Euler anomalies, these are highlighted on the basis of a certain similarity between the maps of the total magnetic field, the map of the analytical signal, the map of the maxima of the gradient horizontal, and geological map. Euler’s map of solutions correlates well with the edges of certain superficial and deep causative bodies.
Designing teaching materials with disaster maps and evaluating its effectiveness for primary students
Authors: Bugdayci Ilkay , Cetinkaya Emre 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
One of the most important parts of disaster management and disaster risk reduction strategies is the special vulnerability of children and the need to increase disaster awareness among them. It is very effective to design and develop awareness-raising tools suitable for children’s learning needs in this process. The main purpose of this study is to contribute to raising awareness of disasters among children in Turkey. With the study, risk maps for forest fire, landslide, flood, earthquake, and avalanche in Turkey were designed, and materials were developed by equipping them with disaster-themed texts. A questionnaire was applied to 165 students in the 10–11 age group with these interesting and entertaining materials. The results indicate that the study increased students’ ability to learn about disasters with maps by an average of 39%.
Design of motion-assisted training control system based on nonlinear mechanics
Authors: Ma Yong 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In order to improve the level of intelligent rehabilitation training equipment and assist patients to effectively restore the walking function, a motion-assisted training control system based on nonlinear mechanics is proposed. According to the robot direction of lower limb rehabilitation equipment studied in this article, a stable, safe, and reliable mechanical structure system is designed to optimize the structure, and the anti-overturning stability of the robot static system and dynamic system is analyzed. Then, through the human-computer interaction system, the robot automatically realizes the automatic forward and backward, left and right turn, anti-overspeed, anti-fall, and other functions. A joint simulation platform of rehabilitation robot speed control was built using MATLAB and ADAMS to verify the effectiveness of the designed control algorithm. The results showed that users slowly increased their training speed from 1 to 5, walking at approximately 0.3 m/s. The user adapts slowly during the use process, and through training, and the walking speed is improved slowly. Therefore, the lower limb rehabilitation equipment training robot is highly applicable, convenient for operation, with good robot control performance, high stability, and good mobility ability.
An investigation into the present levels of contamination in children’s toys and jewelry in different countries: a systematic review
Authors: Fadaei Abdolmajid 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Contamination by heavy metals and toxic elements in children’s toys and jewelry is an ongoing challenge in different countries. These contaminants can enter the children’s body via oral, dermal, and respiratory routes, leading to adverse health effects. This study aimed to investigate the present levels of contamination in children’s toys and jewelry in 15 countries, including UK, Saudi Arabia, Cambodia, China, Kosovo, Nigeria, North American, Kazakhstan, UAE, Pakistan, Iraq, Israel, West Bank/Palestine, Czech Republic, and Turkey. In this review, the legislation and recommendation of the United States (U.S.), the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS), Turkish Standards Institute (TSE), Canada, and the European Union (E.U.) on toxic elements in toys and jewelry are introduced. Plastic or metallic toys and children’s jewelry still have the most severe toxic elements pollution and the existence of lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), mercury (Hg), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), selenium (Se), barium (Ba), Zinc (Zn), cobalt (Co), manganese (Mn), bisphenol A, phthalates, parabens, azo dyes, and flame retardants has been regarded as an ongoing challenge in these articles. Finally, this review offers benchmarking of the concentrations of toxic elements in all types of children’s toys and jewelry in different nations.
Association between vitamin D level in rheumatoid arthritis in males and females
Authors: Singh Mohita , Sharma Pankaj , Mahajan Anil , Tandon Vishal 
Published: July 2022

Rheumatoid Arthritis is an autoimmune disease of unknown aetiology. The worldwide prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis is estimated to vary between 0.5 to 1.5% with geographic variation. The rationale behind relating vitamin D and RA is based on two facts. The first one is that there is evidence indicating that patients with RA have low levels of vitamin D. The second one is that the presence of vitamin D and VDR in macrophages, chondrocytes and synovial cells in the joints of these patients has also been demonstrated. The present study was designed to study the vitamin D status/ level in rheumatoid arthritis in males and females. The study was carried on 100 subjects chosen randomly with 75 females and 25 males in age group of 16 – 65 years. Their demographic data was collected. Vitamin D level, rheumatoid factor assay and ESR were analyzed. Higher level of disease activity as measured by DAS 28 score was associated with vitamin D deficiency. Females reported higher values for ESR, DAS 28 score and lower levels of vitamin D level as compared to males.Vitamin D deficiency was positively associated with increase in DAS 28 score and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Female sex had more preponderance for RA development. Rheumatoid factor had no gender preponderance.
Fracture neck of femur in severe coxa-vara – Challenging management in an Achondroplasia patient
Authors: Kumar Vishnu Senthil 
Published: July 2022

Achondroplasia is a skeletal dysplasia of autosomal dominant inheritance. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 mutation at p16.3 locus of chromosome 4 leads to inhibition of sub-chondral growth. Middle aged achondroplastic patient with left fracture neck of femur following a fall of heavy object. It was a challenging case because of coxa-vara and meticulous templating is needed. 38 year old male sustained fracture neck of left femur in severe coxa-vara. Closed reduction with 16 mm partially threaded cannulated cancellous screw perpendicular to native neck- shaft angle. At regular follow up, mild lysis was seen around the screw and implant removal was done. Now with neck of femur non-union, walking full weight bearing with walker. The future course included excision arthroplasty or custom made prosthesis. Achrondroplasia characterised by defects in en-chondral bone formation leading to retarded cartilage growth. Literature search on peri-articular fracture management showed peadiatric disatal femur fracture fixed with percutaneous screws. In adult, neck of femur fracture is managed by percutaneous screw, DHS or prosthesis. Due to altered geometry of proximal femur DHS and Prosthesis was deferred.Early failure of CC screws in our case is due to perpendicular placement of screws which increased strain due to altered bio-mechanics. Achondroplastic dwarfs live a normal life. They are prone to peri-articular fractures because of anatomical variations. We wanted to highlight the difficulties and importance of pre-op planning and implant choice of fracture fixation in an adult achondroplasia patient.