bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of IL-21-associated peripheral and brain crosstalk on the Alzheimer’s disease neuropathology
Authors: Agrawal Sudhanshu , Baulch Janet E. , Madan Shreya , Salah Seher , Cheeks Samantha N. , Krattli Robert P. , Subramanian Veedamali S. , Acharya Munjal M. , Agrawal Anshu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is associated with dysregulated immune and inflammatory responses. Emerging evidence indicates that peripheral immune activation is linked to neuroinflammation and AD pathogenesis. The present study focuses on determining the role of IL-21 in the pathogenesis of AD using human samples and the 5xFAD mice model. We find that the levels of IL-21 are increased in the periphery of both humans and mice in AD. In addition, the proportions of IL-21 target cells, Tfh and B plasma cells as well as activation of monocytes is increased in PBMCs from AD and mild cognitively impaired (MCI) subjects as compared to age-matched controls, indicating immune activation. In contrast, the percentage of B1 cells that control inflammation is decreased. These changes are due to IL-21 as the expression of IL-21 receptor (IL-21R) is higher on all these cells in AD. Furthermore, treatment with recombinant IL-21 in AD mice also leads to similar alterations in Tfh, B, B1, and macrophages. The effect of IL-21 is not confined to the periphery since increased expression of IL-21R is also observed in both humans and mice hippocampus derived from the AD brains. In addition, mice injected with IL-21 display increased deposition of amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques in the brain which is reduced following anti-IL-21R antibody that blocks the IL-21 signaling. Moreover, activation of microglia was enhanced in IL-21-injected mice. In keeping with enhanced microglial activation, we also observed increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-18 and IL-6 in IL-21-injected mice. The microglial activation and cytokines were both inhibited following IL-21R blockage. Altogether, IL-21 escalates AD pathology by enhancing peripheral and brain immune and inflammatory responses leading to increased Aβ plaque deposition.
Graphical abstract
IL-21 impacts AD neuropathology by enhancing peripheral and neuronal immune
activation, inflammation, and Aβ plaque deposition. Increased levels of IL-21 in the circulation
of AD and MCI subjects enhances the proportions of Tfh and B plasma cells indicative of
peripheral immune activation. On the other hand, the proportions of B1 cells that help reduce
inflammation and clear Aβ are reduced. In addition to the periphery, IL-21 also acts on the brain
via IL-21 receptor, IL-21R that displays increased expression in the hippocampi of AD and MCI
subjects. IL-21 enhances the activation of microglia, induces the secretion of pro-inflammatory
cytokines and deposition of Aβ plaques in the brain in AD.
Metal-rich organic matter and hot continental passive margin: drivers for Devonian copper-cobalt-germanium mineralization in dolomitized reef-bearing carbonate platform
Authors: Saintilan Nicolas J. , Archer Corey , Maden Colin , Samankassou Elias , Bernasconi Stefano M. , Szumigala David , Mahaffey Zach , West Andy , Spangenberg Jorge E. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe abundance and types of reef-bearing carbonate platforms reflect the evolution of Devonian climate, with conspicuous microbial-algal reefs in the warm Early and Late Devonian and sponge-coral reefs in the cooler Middle Devonian. A dolomitized Wenlock-Lower Devonian microbial-algal reef-bearing carbonate platform hosts epigenetic copper-cobalt-germanium (Cu-Co-Ge) sulfide mineralization at Ruby Creek-Bornite in the Brooks Range, Alaska. Here, we present rhenium-osmium (Re-Os) radiometric ages and molybdenum and sulfur (δ98/95Mo = +2.04 to +5.48‰ and δ34S = −28.5 to −1.8‰) isotope variations for individual Cu-Co-Fe sulfide phases along the paragenetic sequence carrollite-bornite-pyrite. In the context of a hot, extensional passive margin, greenhouse conditions in the Early Devonian favored restriction of platform-top seawater circulation and episodic reflux of oxidized brines during growth of the carbonaceous carbonate platform. Molybdenum and sulfur isotope data signal the stepwise reduction of hot brines carrying Cu during latent reflux and geothermal circulation for at least ca. 15 million years from the Early Devonian until Cu-Co sulfide mineralization ca. 379–378 million years ago (Ma) in the Frasnian, Late Devonian (weighted mean of Re-Os model ages of carrollite at 379 ± 15 Ma [n = 4]; Re-Os isochron age of bornite at 378 ± 15 Ma [n = 6]). On the basis of petrographic relationships between sulfides and solid bitumen, and the Mo and S isotope data for sulfides, we imply that the endowment in critical metals (e.g., Co, Ge, Re) in the Ruby Creek-Bornite deposit is linked to the activity of primary producers that removed trace metals from the warm Early Devonian seawater and concentrated Co, Ge, and Re in algal-bacterial organic matter in carbonate sediments.
Imaging of anorectal malformations: where are we now? Abdominal imaging task force of the European Society of Paediatric Radiology
Authors: Stafrace Samuel , Lobo Luisa , Augdal Thomas A. , Avni Fred Efraim , Bruno Costanza , Damasio Maria Beatrice , Darge Kassa , Franchi-Abella Stéphanie , Herrmann Jochen , Ibe Donald , Kljucevsek Damjana , Mentzel Hans-Joachim , Napolitano Marcello , Ntoulia Aikaterini , Ording-Müller Lil-Sofie , Perucca Giulia , Petit Philippe , Smets Anne M. , Toso Seema , Woźniak Magdalena Maria , Riccabona Michael 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAnorectal and cloacal malformations are a broad mix of congenital abnormalities related to the distal rectum and anus. Confusion exists between all the forms in this large and heterogeneous group. The spectrum includes everything from anal stenosis, ventral anus, anal atresia (with and without fistula) and the full spectrum of cloacal malformations. Imaging in these conditions is done through the whole armamentarium of radiologic modalities, with very different imaging strategies seen across the centres where these conditions are managed. In 2017, the European Society of Paediatric Radiology (ESPR) abdominal imaging task force issued recommendations on the imaging algorithm and standards for imaging anorectal malformations. This was followed by further letters and clarifications together with an active multispecialty session on the different imaging modalities for anorectal malformations at the 2018 ESPR meeting in Berlin. Through this paper, the abdominal task force updates its guidelines and recommended imaging algorithm for anorectal malformations.
Dose-dependent seizure control with MEK inhibitor therapy for progressive glioma in a child with neurofibromatosis type 1
Authors: Cantor Evan , Meyer Ashley , Morris Stephanie M. , Weisenberg Judith L. Z. , Brossier Nicole M. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Low-grade gliomas (LGGs) occurring in children can result in many different neurologic complications, including seizures. MEK inhibitors are increasingly being used to treat LGG, but their effect on associated neurologic symptoms has not been established.

Results
Here, we report a patient with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), medically refractory epilepsy (MRE), and an extensive optic pathway glioma (OPG) who developed dose-dependent seizure control while being treated with selumetinib. Seizure frequency rebounded after dose reduction for cardiac toxicity, then improved, and finally ceased after restarting full dosing, allowing confidence in the cause of improvement.

Conclusion
Selumetinib may have promise in epilepsy management in other children with NF1 or LGG.
Robotic versus laparoscopic left colectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Solaini Leonardo , Bocchino Antonio , Avanzolini Andrea , Annunziata Domenico , Cavaliere Davide , Ercolani Giorgio 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to review the new evidence to understand whether the robotic approach could find some clear indication also in left colectomy.

Methods
A systematic review of studies published from 2004 to 2022 in the Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus databases and comparing laparoscopic (LLC) and robotic left colectomy (RLC) was performed. All comparative studies evaluating robotic left colectomy (RLC) versus laparoscopic (LLC) left colectomy with at least 20 patients in the robotic arm were included. Abstract, editorials, and reviews were excluded. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale for cohort studies was used to assess the methodological quality. The random-effect model was used to calculate pooled effect estimates.

Results
Among the 139 articles identified, 11 were eligible, with a total of 52,589 patients (RLC, n = 13,506 versus LLC, n = 39,083). The rate of conversion to open surgery was lower for robotic procedures (RR 0.5, 0.5–0.6; p < 0.001). Operative time was longer for the robotic procedures in the pooled analysis (WMD 39.1, 17.3–60.9, p = 0.002). Overall complications (RR 0.9, 0.8–0.9, p < 0.001), anastomotic leaks (RR 0.7, 0.7–0.8; p < 0.001), and superficial wound infection (RR 3.1, 2.8–3.4; p < 0.001) were less common after RLC. There were no significant differences in mortality (RR 1.1; 0.8–1.6, p = 0.124). There were no differences between RLC and LLC with regards to postoperative variables in the subgroup analysis on malignancies.

Conclusions
Robotic left colectomy requires less conversion to open surgery than the standard laparoscopic approach. Postoperative morbidity rates seemed to be lower during RLC, but this was not confirmed in the procedures performed for malignancies.
Breast cancer incidence and survival in Scotland by socio-economic deprivation and tumour subtype
Authors: Mesa-Eguiagaray Ines , Wild Sarah H. , Bird Sheila M. , Williams Linda J. , Brewster David H. , Hall Peter S. , Figueroa Jonine D. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundWomen from socio-economically deprived areas are less likely to develop and then to survive breast cancer (BC). Whether associations between deprivation and BC incidence and survival differ by tumour molecular subtypes and mode of detection in Scotland are unknown.MethodsData consisted of 62,378 women diagnosed with invasive BC between 2000 and 2016 in Scotland. Incidence rates and time trends were calculated for oestrogen receptor positive (ER+) and negative (ER−) tumours and stratified by the Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD) quintiles and screening status. SIMD is an area-based measure derived across seven domains: income, employment, education, health, access to services, crime and housing. We calculated adjusted hazard ratios (aHR [95% confidence intervals]) for BC death by immunohistochemical surrogates of molecular subtypes for the most versus the least deprived quintile. We adjusted for mode of detection and other confounders.ResultsIn Scotland, screen-detected ER+tumour incidence increased over time, particularly in the least deprived quintile [Average Annual Percentage Change (AAPC) = 2.9% with 95% CI from 1.2 to 4.7]. No marked differences were observed for non-screen-detected ER+tumours or ER− tumours by deprivation. BC mortality was higher in the most compared to the least deprived quintile irrespective of ER status (aHR = 1.29 [1.18, 1.41] for ER+ and 1.27 [1.09, 1.47] for ER− tumours). However, deprivation was associated with significantly higher mortality for luminal A and HER2−enriched tumours (aHR = 1.46 [1.13, 1.88] and 2.10 [1.23, 3.59] respectively) but weaker associations for luminal B and TNBC tumours that were not statistically significant.ConclusionsDeprivation is associated with differential BC incidence trends for screen-detected ER+tumours and with higher mortality for select tumour subtypes. Future efforts should evaluate factors that might be associated with reduced survival in deprived populations and monitor progress stratified by tumour subtypes and mode of detection.
Future droughts in northern Italy: high-resolution projections using EURO-CORDEX and MED-CORDEX ensembles
Authors: Baronetti Alice , Dubreuil Vincent , Provenzale Antonello , Fratianni Simona 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe analyse the expected characteristics of drought events in northern Italy for baseline (1971–2000), near (2021–2050), and far (2071–2100) future conditions, estimating the drought spatial extent and duration, the percentage of affected area, and the frequency of drought episodes. To this end, daily ensembles of precipitation and temperature records from Global Climate Models (GCMs) and Regional Climate Models (RCMs) pairs, extracted from EURO-CORDEX and MED-CORDEX for the RCP 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios, are collected at spatial resolution of 0.11 degrees. Before the analysis, model outputs are validated on daily weather station time series, and scaling factors for possible use in bias correction are identified. Annual temperature and precipitation anomalies for near and far future conditions are investigated; drought events are identified by the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index and standardized precipitation index at the 12-, 24-, and 36-month timescales. This study highlights the importance of using multiple drought indicators in the detection of drought events, since the comparison reveals that evapotranspiration anomaly is the main triggering factor. For both scenarios, the results indicate an intensification of droughts in northern Italy for the period 2071–2100, with the Alpine chain being especially affected by an increase of drought severity. A North-to-South spatial gradient of drought duration is also observed.
Current status of pineapple breeding, industrial development, and genetics in China
Authors: Li Dongling , Jing Minmin , Dai Xiaohong , Chen Zhihui , Ma Chaoming , Chen Jingjing 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPineapple is the most important economic plant in the family Bromeliaceae and the third-most economically important tropical fruit in the world. It has become an important tropical fruit in Guangdong, Hainan, and Guangxi, which are suitable areas for its cultivation. However, modern and well-organized breeding systems have not yet been established for pineapple. In this review, we describe the current status of the geographical distribution, industrial development, and breeding of pineapple in China. The current status of pineapple breeding is introduced, including traditional breeding methods, such as crossbreeding, mutagenesis breeding, and biotechnology breeding, combining cell engineering and gene engineering. In addition, the research progress on assisted breeding technology based on genetic map construction and molecular marker development is presented. New challenges and perspectives for obtaining high fruit quality are discussed in the context of breeding programs for pineapple.
Beyond patient-sharing: Comparing physician- and patient-induced networks
Authors: Kesternich Eva , Rank Olaf 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe sharing of patients reflects collaborative relationships between various healthcare providers. Patient-sharing in the outpatient sector is influenced by both physicians’ activities and patients’ preferences. Consequently, a patient-sharing network arises from two distinct mechanisms: the initiative of the physicians on the one hand, and that of the patients on the other. We draw upon medical claims data to study the structure of one patient-sharing network by differentiating between these two mechanisms. Owing to the institutional requirements of certain healthcare systems rather following the Bismarck model, we explore different triadic patterns between general practitioners and medical specialists by applying exponential random graph models. Our findings imply deviation from institutional expectations and reveal structural realities visible in both networks.
Civic Education, Teaching Quality and Students’ Willingness to Participate in Political and Civic Life: Political Interest and Knowledge as Mediators
Authors: Alscher Pascal , Ludewig Ulrich , McElvany Nele 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCivic education is generally assumed to play a key role in youth’s political sophistication. It aims to equip young people with the necessary competencies and skills to effectively participate in political and civic life. However, few studies have examined the relative importance of different facets of teaching quality within civic education as well as mediating factors for fostering active citizens. The present study seeks to fill this gap by investigating how different facets of teaching quality are associated with adolescents’ willingness to participate in political and civic life and how this relationship is mediated by political knowledge and interest. The study uses original data fromN = 250 students (n = 152 7th graders:Mage = 12.54,SD = 0.91, range = 11–14, 45% female;n = 98 10th graders:Mage = 16.12,SD = 0.97, range = 15–18, 35% female). The findings show that not all teaching quality facets are equally important. While perceived cognitive activation and open classroom climate were positively associated with students’ willingness to participate, a statistically significant association with discussions of current political events in the classroom was not found. In addition, the relationship between perceived cognitive activation and willingness to participate is fully mediated by students’ political knowledge and interest. This study illustrates the relative importance of different teaching quality facets in civic education and calls for continued efforts to better understand teaching quality in civic education.
Phosphorus resorption and tissue longevity of roots and leaves – importance for phosphorus use efficiency and ecosystem phosphorus cycles
Authors: Veneklaas Erik J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPlants recycle substantial amounts of phosphorus (P) from senescing tissues, reducing the need to take up P from soils. This paper reviews P recycling in plants, factors that determine its quantitative importance, and evidence that species from low-P ecosystems possess traits that enhance P recycling. It focuses on roots and leaves where most P turnover occurs. Knowledge of root traits and dynamics lags far behind that of leaves, but P concentrations, lifespans, resorption percentages and biomass allocation of roots are all comparable to those of leaves. Relationships among traits that influence P recycling appear more complex in roots than in leaves. Long root lifespans may not be adaptive in soils with very low P availability. At the plant level, the quantitative importance of P resorption to support P requirements decreases with net growth rate and with tissue longevity. Leaf lifespans are negatively correlated with growth rates and resource availability, but root lifespans may not be, indicating that further research into root dynamics and P resorption is essential to understand the role of roots in both P conservation and P acquisition.
Comprehensive Regulation of Water Services. Why Quality of Service and Economic Costs Cannot be Considered Separately
Authors: Cabrera Enrique , Estruch-Juan Elvira , Gómez Elena , del Teso Roberto 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRegulation in the water sector emerged as a formula to protect customers from the natural monopoly that conforms water and wastewater services. As there is little information about regulatory practices in the sector around the world, information has been collected though a survey sent to water regulators. The results of the survey provided enough information to understand how the different utilities’ behaviours are regulated and the methodologies used. Among all the behaviours to be regulated, economic and quality of service regulation emerge as key aspects from a technical point of view. The first one supervises utilities’ costs and tariffs while the second, the standards the service is provided. However, it has been detected that these aspects are regulated separately and the quality of service does not have an impact on economic regulation. This work quantifies the impact that the quality of services has on costs and the consequences derived from not considering it in the economic regulation. In addition, this study also lists all the different aspect of the quality of service with an impact on costs.
Subclinical cognitive deficits are associated with reduced cerebrovascular response to visual stimulation in mid-sixties men
Authors: Vestergaard Mark Bitsch , Lindberg Ulrich , Knudsen Maria Højberg , Urdanibia-Centelles Olalla , Bakhtiari Aftab , Mortensen Erik Lykke , Osler Merete , Fagerlund Birgitte , Benedek Krisztina , Lauritzen Martin , Larsson Henrik Bo Wiberg 
Published: June 2022

AbstractReduced cerebrovascular response to neuronal activation is observed in patients with neurodegenerative disease. In the present study, we examined the correlation between reduced cerebrovascular response to visual activation (ΔCBFVis.Act) and subclinical cognitive deficits in a human population of mid-sixties individuals without neurodegenerative disease. Such a correlation would suggest that impaired cerebrovascular function occurs before overt neurodegenerative disease. A total of 187 subjects (age 64–67 years) of the Metropolit Danish Male Birth Cohort participated in the study. ΔCBFVis.Act was measured using arterial spin labelling (ASL) MRI. ΔCBFVis.Act correlated positively with cognitive performance in: Global cognition (p = 0.046), paired associative memory (p = 0.025), spatial recognition (p = 0.026), planning (p = 0.016), simple processing speed (p < 0.01), and with highly significant correlations with current intelligence (p < 10−5), and more complex processing speed (p < 10−3), the latter two explaining approximately 11–13% of the variance. Reduced ΔCBFVis.Act was independent of brain atrophy. Our findings suggest that inhibited cerebrovascular response to neuronal activation is an early deficit in the ageing brain and associated with subclinical cognitive deficits. Cerebrovascular dysfunction could be an early sign of a trajectory pointing towards the development of neurodegenerative disease. Future efforts should elucidate if maintenance of a healthy cerebrovascular function can protect against the development of dementia.