bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PACAP‐expressing neurons in the lateral habenula diminish negative emotional valence
Authors: Levinstein Marjorie R. , Bergkamp David J. , Lewis Zoë K. , Tsobanoudis Alex , Hashikawa Koichi , Stuber Garret D. , Neumaier John F. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe lateral habenula (LHb) is a small, bilateral, epithalamic nucleus which processes aversive information. While primarily glutamatergic, LHb neurons express genes coding for many neuropeptides, such as Adcyap1 the gene encoding pituitary adenylate cyclase‐activating polypeptide (PACAP), which itself has been associated with anxiety and stress disorders. Using Cre‐dependent viral vectors, we targeted and characterized these neurons based on their anatomical projections and found that they projected to both the raphe and rostromedial tegmentum but only weakly to ventral tegmental area. Using RiboTag to capture ribosomal‐associated mRNA from these neurons and reanalysis of existing single cell RNA sequencing data, we did not identify a unique molecular phenotype that characterized these PACAP‐expressing neurons in LHb. In order to understand the function of these neurons, we conditionally expressed hM3Dq DREADD selectively in LHb PACAP‐expressing neurons and chemogenetically excited these neurons during behavioral testing in the open field test, contextual fear conditioning, sucrose preference, novelty suppressed feeding, and conditioned place preference. We found that Gq activation of these neurons produce behaviors opposite to what is expected from the LHb as a whole—they decreased anxiety‐like and fear behavior and produced a conditioned place preference. In conclusion, PACAP‐expressing neurons in LHb represents a molecularly diverse population of cells that oppose the actions of the remainder of LHb neurons by being rewarding or diminishing the negative consequences of aversive events.
Diversification and community assembly of the world’s largest tropical island
Authors: Kennedy Jonathan D. , Marki Petter Z. , Reeve Andrew H. , Blom Mozes P. K. , Prawiradilaga Dewi M. , Haryoko Tri , Koane Bonny , Kamminga Pepijn , Irestedt Martin , Jønsson Knud A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimThe species diversity and endemism of tropical biotas are major contributors to global biodiversity, but the factors underlying the formation of these systems remain poorly understood.LocationThe world's largest tropical island, New Guinea.Time periodMiocene to present.Major taxa studiedPasserine birds.MethodsWe first generated a species‐level phylogeny of all native breeding passerine birds to analyse spatial and elevational patterns of species richness, species age and phylogenetic diversity. Second, we used an existing dataset on bill morphology to analyse spatial and elevational patterns of functional diversity.ResultsThe youngest New Guinean species are principally distributed in the lowlands and outlying mountain ranges, with the lowlands also maintaining the majority of non‐endemic species. In contrast, many species occurring in the central mountain range are phylogenetically distinct, range‐restricted, endemic lineages. Centres of accumulation for the oldest species are in montane forest, with these taxa having evolved unique bill forms in comparison to the remaining New Guinean species. For the morphological generalists, attaining a highland distribution does not necessarily represent the end to dispersal and diversification, because a number of new species have formed in the outlying mountain ranges, following recent colonization from the central range.Main conclusionsWe conclude that a general model of tropical montane diversification is that lineages commonly colonize the lowlands, shifting their ranges upslope through time to become range‐restricted montane forest endemics, attaining novel functional adaptations to these environments.
Prevalence of mental health conditions among people living with HIV during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A rapid systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Lee Kai Wei , Ang Chin Siang , Lim Sin How , Siau Ching Sin , Ong Lai Teik Derek , Ching Siew Mooi , Ooi Pei Boon 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic has generated many mental health problems worldwide. People living with HIV (henceforth known as PLHIV) bear a higher mental health burden in comparison with the general population. Therefore, their risk of mental health problems may be elevated during the pandemic.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis to assess the prevalence of depression, anxiety, psychological stress, insomnia and loneliness among PLHIV during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Observational studies in four databases published from 1 January 2020 to 30 April 2021 investigating the prevalence of mental health conditions during the COVID‐19 pandemic were searched, and 197 articles were retrieved. After the processes of duplication removal, eligibility screening and full‐text assessment, 10 articles were included in the systematic review and six articles for meta‐analyses. A random‐effects model was applied to derive the pooled prevalence of mental health conditions. The risk of bias was assessed using the STROBE checklist.ResultsOverall, the pooled prevalence rates of (moderate‐to‐severe) depression and anxiety among PLHIV were 16.9% [95% confidence interval (CI): 3.8%–30.0%] and 23.0% (95% CI: 12.0%–34.0%), respectively.ConclusionsMore research is needed to investigate the mechanism by which the pandemic affects the mental health of PLHIV. Support and programmes are needed to ameliorate the mental health problems in this marginalized population.
Influence of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid on regenerative endodontics: A systematic review
Authors: dos Reis‐Prado Alexandre H. , Abreu Lucas G. , Fagundes Rogéria R. , Oliveira Sabrina de C. , Bottino Marco C. , Ribeiro‐Sobrinho Antônio P. , Benetti Francine 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe effects of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) on regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) are controversial, because, despite releasing growth factors from dentine, some studies show negative effects on cell behaviour.ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to investigate the influence of the use of EDTA in REP on the growth factors’ release, cell behaviour and tissue regeneration.MethodsA systematic search was conducted (PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, OpenGrey and reference lists) up to February 2021. Only in vivo and in vitro studies evaluating the effects of EDTA on the biological factors of dentine, pulp/periapical tissues and cell behaviour were eligible. Studies without a control group or available full text were excluded. The growth factors’ release was the primary outcome. Risk of bias in the in vitro and in vivo studies was performed according to Joanna Briggs Institute's Checklist and SYRCLE’s RoB tool, respectively.ResultsOf the 1848 articles retrieved, 36 were selected. Amongst these, 32 were in vitro, three animal studies and one with both models. The EDTA concentrations ranged from 3% to 15%, at different times. Regarding growth factors’ release (17 studies), 15 studies found significant transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β release after dentine conditioning with EDTA, and most found no influence on vascular endothelial growth factor release. Regarding cell behaviour (26 studies), eight studies showed no influence of EDTA‐treated dentine on cell viability, whereas, five, nine and six studies showed higher cell migration, adhesion and differentiation respectively. No influence of EDTA conditioning was observed in animal studies. In vitro studies had a low risk of bias, whereas animal studies had high risk of bias. Meta‐analysis was unfeasible.DiscussionThis review found that EDTA increased TGF‐β release and improved cell activity. However, well‐designed histological analyses using immature teeth models are needed.ConclusionsHigh‐quality in vitro evidence suggests that EDTA‐treated dentine positively influences TGF‐β release, cell migration, attachment and differentiation; further research to evaluate its influence on tissue regeneration is necessary due to low methodological quality of the animal studies.
Clinical practice pattern in patients with advanced urothelial cancer who had progressed on pembrolizumab in the pre‐enfortumab vedotin era
Authors: Kita Yuki , Ito Katsuhiro , Sano Tomoyasu , Hashimoto Kohei , Mochizuki Takanori , Shiraishi Yusuke , Araki Hiromasa , Fujiwara Maki , Kanamaru Sojun , Takahashi Takehiro , Hishiki Kosuke , Okada Takuya , Ogawa Kosuke , Ito Masaaki , Kojima Takahiro , Nishiyama Naotaka , Matsui Yoshiyuki , Nishiyama Hiroyuki , Kitamura Hiroshi , Kobayashi Takashi 
Published: March 2022

ObjectivesPembrolizumab, an anti‐PD‐1 monoclonal antibody, revolutionized the treatment for advanced urothelial carcinoma. However, the standard treatment for patients after disease progression with pembrolizumab had not been established until the recent approval of enfortumab vedotin. We analyzed the treatment of these patients in the real world, and the patient background and outcomes.MethodsWe extracted data from 543 patients who experienced progressive disease after pembrolizumab initiation from a Japanese nation‐wide cohort of platinum‐refractory, metastatic urothelial carcinoma.ResultsThe median overall survival of the 543 patients was 3.5 months (95% confidence interval 3.0–4.1). Of these, only 20.6% (n = 112) received chemotherapy as a subsequent systemic treatment after progressive disease. The regimen of chemotherapy was very diverse. The median overall survival was 11.9 months (95% confidence interval 9.2–14.7) for patients who received chemotherapy, compared to 2.4 months for those who did not receive chemotherapy (95% confidence interval 2.1–2.9; P < 0.0001). Patients who received subsequent chemotherapy were more likely to have better performance status, neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio <3, hemoglobin >11 mg/dL, and history of a single chemotherapeutic regimen at pembrolizumab initiation.ConclusionsThis report highlights the real‐world practice of the management after pembrolizumab treatment failure in the pre‐enfortumab vedotin era, characterized by infrequent use of subsequent anticancer therapy comprising various regimens, reflecting the lack of a standard treatment. Clinical introduction of enfortumab vedotin is expected to improve treatment outcomes in this setting. The present study will provide important baseline data for evaluating the influence of enfortumab vedotin on clinical practices and outcomes.
Halogen‐content‐dependent photoluminescence of Mn2+‐doped CsPbCl3 nanocrystals
Authors: Wang Nanchuan , Guo Shibo , Chen Qiaochu , Gao Fengmei , Yang Weiyou , Fu Hui , Zheng Jinju 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe thermodynamically viable halogen vacancy defects in CsPbCl3 perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) are considered the main factor in weakening their optical quality. However, their separate impact on the dopant emission in Mn2+‐doped CsPbCl3 perovskite NCs is still under exploration owing to the absence of comparable samples. Herein, a series of Mn2+‐doped CsPbCl3 samples were synthesized with different oleylamine‐Cl (OAm‐Cl) contents based on a halogen‐hot‐injection strategy. It is found that the Mn2+ concentration of as‐prepared samples fixed at 0.65%, and the Mn2+ photoluminescence (PL) also exhibited an OAm‐Cl content‐independent lifetime of ∼ 1.78 ms, implying the efficient and identical luminescence of isolated Mn2+ ion in all samples. In contrast, the excitonic and Mn2+ PL intensities of the NCs are strong related to the amount of OAm‐Cl, which are attributed to the coordination effect of the suppressed excitonic nonradiative recombination owing to the passivation of chloride vacancies and the enhanced energy transfer from the host exciton to Mn2+ ions in the samples with sufficient OAm‐Cl contents. The temperature‐dependent of Mn2+ PL disclosed an initial increase and was followed by a decrease with increasing temperature for the samples with relatively higher OAm‐Cl contents, while it monotonously decreases for the sample with lower OAm‐Cl content of 0.4 mL. The different PL intensity change trend results from the effective passivation of chloride vacancies by extra OAm‐Cl. Above results present here will help clarify the underlying influence mechanism of halogen vacancy on the PL properties of Mn2+‐doped perovskite NCs, which is essential for targeted modulation of their optical properties.
Self‐reduction and enhanced luminescence in transparent Mn2+‐doped mullite glass‐ceramics derived from EMT‐type zeolite
Authors: Geng Rongrong , Zhou Beiying , Wang Jiancheng , Yuan Qingyun , Pan Zesheng , Zhao Yuye , Wang Lianjun , Jiang Wan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMn2+ activated glass‐ceramic (GC) has received tremendous attention in the exploration of luminescent materials for solid‐state lighting due to the high stability, broad red emission, and low toxicity. However, the doped Mn2+ ions still suffer from the oxidation and uncontrollable ions migration during the melting process of conventional preparation techniques, which is detrimental to the luminescence performance. Herein, transparent Mn2+‐doped mullite GCs have been prepared at low temperature (∼850°C) via the spark plasma sintering of EMT‐type zeolite. The GC samples show typical red emission peaking at 620 nm that can be assigned to spin‐forbidden 4T1(G)→6A1(S) transition of Mn2+ located in the octahedral coordination site of the host. Owing to the charge compensation mechanism and produced oxygen vacancies, the self‐reduction of Mn3+ to Mn2+ ions is realized and the oxidization is inhibited. The mullite nanocrystals acted as additional scattering centers introduce Rayleigh scattering to enhance the emission intensity. Moreover, benefitted from the established mullite nanocrystals network, the Mn2+‐doped GCs exhibit improved thermal conductivity up to 1.79 W K−1 m−1 and more excellent mechanical properties than conventional GCs, simultaneously.
Interactive relationship between Trp metabolites and gut microbiota: The impact on human pathology of disease
Authors: Khoshnevisan Kamyar , Chehrehgosha Maryam , Conant Melissa , Meftah Amir Mohammad , Baharifar Hadi , Ejtahed Hanieh-Sadat , Angoorani Pooneh , Gholami Morteza , Sharifi Farshad , Maleki Hassan , Larijani Bagher , Khorramizadeh Mohammad Reza 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tryptophan (Trp), an α-amino acid, is the precursor of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT), which is involved in a variety of features of metabolic function and human nutrition. Evidence highlights the role of Trp metabolites (exclusively 5-HT) in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract; however, the mechanisms of action involved in the release of 5-HT in the GI tract are still unknown. Considering the fact that variations of 5-HT may facilitate the growth of certain GI disorders, gaining a better understanding of the function and release of 5-HT in the GI tract would be beneficial. Additionally, investigating Trp metabolism may clarify the relationship between Trp and gut microbiota. It is believed that other metabolites of Trp (mostly that of the kynurenine pathway) may play a significant role in controlling gut microbiota function. In this review, we have attempted to summarize the current research investigating the relationship of gut microbiota, Trp and 5-HT metabolism (with particular attention paid to their metabolite type, as well as a discussion of the research methods used in each study). Taking together, regarding the role that Trp/5-HT plays in a range of physical and mental diseases, the gut bacterial types, as well as the related disorders, have been exclusively considered.
Water and energy availability mediate biodiversity patterns along an elevational gradient in the tropical Andes
Authors: Tolmos Maria Laura , Kreft Holger , Ramirez Jorge , Ospina Román , Craven Dylan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimHow tree taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity vary with elevation at multiple spatial scales may provide new insights into the ecological and evolutionary processes influencing biogeographical patterns. The effect of water‐ and energy‐related climatic variables on forests diversity across elevations, as well as how clades have evolved on and established across mountain regions lack consensus. Here, we tested whether changes in biodiversity with elevation are consistent with one of, or multiple, competing hypotheses: the water–energy dynamics (WED), species–energy relationship (SER), Tropical Niche Conservatism (TNC) and Out of The Tropics hypothesis (OTT).LocationPatia watershed, ColombiaTaxonSeed plants (trees)MethodsWe used a large dataset of 490 0.1 ha forest plots in nine elevational belts (545–3410 m a.s.l) that correspond to three different life zones, and quantified alpha and gamma scales using taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity indices. We fitted linear mixed‐effects models to evaluate how taxonomic and phylogenetic alpha diversity changed with elevation, precipitation and aboveground biomass. We assessed taxonomic and phylogenetic beta diversity using the Sørensen index and its spatial turnover and nestedness components.ResultsTaxonomic and phylogenetic alpha diversity decrease with elevation. Yet, at the gamma scale, taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity predominantly increased with elevation. Taxonomic and phylogenetic beta diversity were strongly influenced by species turnover, and followed a hump‐shaped pattern with elevation.Main conclusionsOverall, diversity shows a decreasing trend at the local scale, while coarse‐scale gamma diversity followed a pattern of nonlinear increases for both taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity. Evidence supports the influence of SER and WED on diversity patterns across elevations, yet neither evolutionary hypotheses had sufficient empirical support to be conclusive.
Impact of a time‐to‐effect‐guided ablation protocol in cryoballoon ablation on the durability of pulmonary vein isolation
Authors: Rexha Enida , Heeger Christian‐Hendrik , Maack Sabrina , Rottner Laura , Wohlmuth Peter , Lemes Christine , Maurer Tilman , Reißmann Bruno , Rillig Andreas , Mathew Shibu , Sohns Christian , Ouyang Feifan , Kuck Karl‐Heinz , Metzner Andreas 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundCryoballoon (CB)‐based pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) has proven to be as effective as radiofrequency‐based ablation. Different ablation protocols took the individual time‐to‐isolation (TTI) into account aiming at shorter but equally or even more effective freeze cycles. The current study sought to assess the impact of the TTI on PVI durability in patients undergoing a repeat procedure for recurrence of atrial tachyarrhythmia (ATA).Methods and ResultsIn 205 patients with ATA recurrence after previous CB‐based PVI, a total of 806 pulmonary veins (PVs) were identified. A total of 126 out of 806 PVs (16%) were previously treated with a TTI‐guided ablation (Protocol #1; TTI + 120 s), in 92/806 (11%) PVs TTI was only monitored (m) but fixed freeze cycles were applied (Protocol #2; mTTI) and in 588/806 (73%) a fixed freeze cycle was applied without mTTI. There was no difference in the PV‐reconduction rate between the groups (p = .23). The right inferior pulmonary vein (RIPV) showed overall significantly higher reconduction rates compared to the other PVs (RIPV–left inferior PV p < .003, –left superior PV p < .001, –right superior PV p < .013). Twenty‐one patients (10%) were demonstrated to have only electrical reconduction of the RIPV, while all other PVs were still electrically isolated.ConclusionsThe TTI‐based CB ablation protocol did not show significant differences regarding PV‐reconduction rates compared to the other ablation protocols.
Fluoroscopic predictors of acceptable capture threshold during the implantation of the micra transcatheter pacing system
Authors: Togashi Ikuko , Sato Toshiaki , Maeda  Akiko , Mohri Takato , Katsume Yumi , Tashiro Mika , Momose Yuichi , Nonoguchi Noriko , Hoshida Kyoko , Miwa Yosuke , Ueda Akiko , Soejima Kyoko 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionFew predictors of low capture threshold before the deployment of the Micra transcatheter pacing system (Micra TPS) have been determined. We aimed to identify fluoroscopic predictors of an acceptable capture threshold before Micra TPS deployment.MethodsSixty patients were successfully implanted with Micra TPS. Before deployment, gooseneck appearance of the catheter shaft was quantified using the angle between the tangent line of the shaft and the cup during diastole in the right anterior oblique (RAO) view. The direction of the device cup toward the ventricular septum was evaluated using the angle between the cup and the horizontal plane in the left anterior oblique (LAO) view.ResultsOf the 95 deployments we evaluated, 56 achieved an acceptable capture threshold of ≤2.0 V at 0.24 ms. In this acceptable threshold group, the deflection angle of the gooseneck shaft was significantly larger and the device cup was placed more horizontally with a lower elevation angle compared with those in the high threshold group. A deflection angle of ≥6° and an elevation angle of ≤30° were identified as the predictors of an acceptable capture threshold after deployment. An acceptable capture threshold was achieved in 24/31 (77.4%) patients in whom either angle criterion was satisfied at the first deployment.ConclusionsDiastolic gooseneck appearance of the delivery catheter in the RAO view or near‐horizontal direction in the LAO view predicts an acceptable capture threshold after deployment. The shape of the delivery catheter before deployment should be evaluated using multiple fluoroscopic views to ensure successful implantation of Micra TPS.
Alzheimer's disease and related dementias and heart failure: A community study
Authors: Manemann Sheila M. , Knopman David S. , St. Sauver Jennifer , Bielinski Suzette J. , Chamberlain Alanna M. , Weston Susan A. , Jiang Ruoxiang , Roger Véronique L. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundCognitive function is essential to effective self‐management of heart failure (HF). Alzheimer's disease and Alzheimer's disease‐related dementias (AD/ADRD) can coexist with HF, but its exact prevalence and impact on health care utilization and death are not well defined.MethodsResidents from 7 southeast Minnesota counties with a first‐ever diagnosis code for HF between January 1, 2013 and December 31, 2018 were identified. Clinically diagnosed AD/ADRD was ascertained using the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid (CMS) Chronic Conditions Data Warehouse algorithm. Patients were followed through March 31, 2020. Cox and Andersen‐Gill models were used to examine associations between AD/ADRD (before and after HF) and death and hospitalizations, respectively.ResultsAmong 6336 patients with HF (mean age [SD] 75 years [14], 48% female), 644 (10%) carried a diagnosis of AD/ADRD at index HF diagnosis. The 3‐year cumulative incidence of AD/ADRD after HF diagnosis was 17%. During follow‐up (mean [SD] 3.2 [1.9] years), 2618 deaths and 15,475 hospitalizations occurred. After adjustment, patients with AD/ADRD before HF had nearly a 2.7 times increased risk of death, but no increased risk of hospitalization compared to those without AD/ADRD. When AD/ADRD was diagnosed after the index HF date, patients experienced a 3.7 times increased risk of death and a 73% increased risk of hospitalization compared to those who remain free of AD/ADRD.ConclusionsIn a large, community cohort of patients with incident HF, the burden of AD/ADRD is quite high as more than one‐fourth of patients with HF received a diagnosis of AD/ADRD either before or after HF diagnosis. AD/ADRD markedly increases the risk of adverse outcomes in HF underscoring the need for future studies focused on holistic approaches to improve outcomes.