bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiscale importance evaluation pruning algorithm
Authors: Ma Jiaxiang 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
With the continuous increase of the number of network layers, while the network performance is constantly improving, the complexity of the network is also increasing exponentially, which limits the application scenarios of neural networks. To solve this problem, many network compression and acceleration methods have been proposed. Unstructured pruning of networks is a common method that generates compact networks by pruning each parameter of the network. A common operation of pruning is to evaluate the importance of the network at a certain scale to allocate the proportion of pruning. We propose a method that combines the importance of multiple scales to comprehensively evaluate the importance of parameters. Firstly, the network is pruned layer by layer, and the sum of the classification accuracy of the network after pruning and training network for one epoch as the sensitivity of the layer network. Secondly, on the filter, the channel attention module is used to evaluate the importance of each channel of the filter, thirdly, the KL (Kullback Leibler) divergence is used to evaluate the importance of the parameters in the convolution kernel. Finally, the importance of each parameter is generated by multiplying the importance of the three scales, and the result is obtained after fine-tuning the network.
Research on electromagnetic compatibility prediction and test verification of spacecraft wireless system
Authors: Wang Xiyu , Li Angyang , Cong Yanchao , Mu Hongwei 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A calculation method of electromagnetic interference(EMI) margin of spacecraft wireless system is analyzed and researched in this paper, meanwhile the EMI margin is simulated and calculated. The electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of wireless system is prognosed for a couple of wireless equipment which indicate that there is a risk of EMI among this couple of wireless equipment. According to the simulation results, a series of EMC test including tabletop dispersedly test and comprehensive test has been implemented to verify the prediction method. The test results indicate that there is EMI phenomenon among this couple of wireless equipment which support the accuracy of the prediction method. Combined with simulation and test results, a method for spacecraft wireless system EMC prediction has been proposed. The method will reduce the EMI problem in spacecraft development process and be benefit to subsequent maintenance.
Study on compressive bearing capacity and efficiency of composite stiffened panels with different cross-sections
Authors: Guofan Zhang , Chunhua Wan , Xiaohua Nie 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The post-buckling behavior and load bearing efficiency of composite panels with three kinds of stiffeners subject to the axial compression load were investigated. The progressive damage analysis models considering the failure of fiber/matrix, debonding of adhesive interface and stiffness degradation were established. The buckling load, failure load and failure process for three types of stiffened panels were derived. The numerical results coincide with tests, and the relative errors are all less than 6%, which indicates the FEM model given in this paper is reliable and practical. Further, the load bearing efficiency of these three kinds of stiffened panels with the same weight was discussed. Results reveal that the bearing capacity and efficiency of I-shape stiffened panel is the highest, and its bearing efficiency reaches 154.5N/g. The results of the paper provide a reference for engineering application of composite stiffened structure design.
Influence of tropical Atlantic meridional dipole of sea surface temperature anomalies on Antarctic autumn sea ice
Authors: Ren Xuya , Zhang Li , Cai Wenju , Li Xichen , Wang Chuan-Yang , Jin Yishuai , Wu Lixin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Antarctic sea ice plays an important role in polar ecosystems and global climate, while its variability is affected by many factors. Teleconnections between the tropical and high latitudes have profound impacts on Antarctic climate changes through the stationary Rossby wave mechanism. Recent studies have connected long-term Antarctic sea ice changes to multidecadal variabilities of the tropical ocean, including the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation and the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation. On interannual timescales, whether an impact exists from teleconnection of the tropical Atlantic is not clear. Here we find an impact of sea surface temperature (SST) variability of the tropical Atlantic meridional dipole mode on Antarctic sea ice that is most prominent in austral autumn. The meridional dipole SST anomalies in the tropical Atlantic force deep convection anomalies locally and over the tropical Pacific, generating stationary Rossby wave trains propagating eastward and poleward, which induce atmospheric circulation anomalies affecting sea ice. Specifically, convective anomalies over the equatorial Atlantic and Pacific are opposite-signed, accompanied by anomalous wave sources over the subtropical Southern Hemisphere. The planetary-scale atmospheric response has significant impacts on sea ice concentration anomalies in the Ross Sea, near the Antarctic Peninsula, and east of the Weddell Sea.
Aspects of entropy in classical and in quantum physics
Authors: Heusler Stefan , Dür Wolfgang , Ubben Malte S , Hartmann Andreas 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Entropy has played an essential role in the history of physics. Its mathematical definition and applications have changed over time till today. In this paper, we first review the historical evolution of these various points of view, from the thermodynamic definition to information entropy from Shannon in classical physics, up to the modern concept of Neumann’s quantum entropy. As a specific example, we consider entanglement entropy and compare the phase space approach in classical physics to the Hilbert space approach in quantum physics in simple model systems. We derive a general expression for the entanglement entropy of fermions and bosons in arbitrary partitions of Hilbert space, valid beyond the thermodynamic limit. Next, we compare thermodynamic heat engines with quantum heat engines. Finally, we proceed to the more general concept of quantum (computational) complexity and argue, using the concept of entanglement entropy, that the Heisenberg time in classically chaotic systems coincides with the time when maximal complexity is reached in the quantum case for systems with all–all interactions.
A system-level method for hardening phase-locked loop to single-event effects
Authors: Liang Bin , Xu Xinyu , Yuan Hengzhou , Chen Jianjun , Luo Deng , Chi Yaqing , Sun Hanhan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
To mitigate the sensitivity of the charge pump in a traditional Phase-Locked Loop(PLL), a single-event-hardened PLL architecture with a proportional and integral path is proposed. The phase margin of the PLL is kept at 58.16° due to the rational design and the output clock frequency ranges from 0.8 to 3.2 GHz. The circuit-level simulation results reveal that the sensitive volume of the hardened PLL decreases by 80% ∼ 95%. The novel radiation-hardened PLL circuit was implemented in a 28 nm CMOS technology and irradiated with heavy ions with a linear energy transfer between 1.9 and 65.6 MeV•cm2 mg−1. The proposed radiation-hardened PLL shows one order of single-event effects hardness level higher than the conventional PLL.
Highly sensitive and fully printable humidity sensor on a flexible substrate based on a zinc oxide and polyethylenimine composite
Authors: Samaeifar Fatemeh , Azadinia Mohsen , Ghorbani Atefeh , Chen Junfei , Gratuze Mathieu , Ketabi Mohsen , Izquierdo Ricardo , Aziz Hany 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We report a highly sensitive and fully printable capacitive humidity sensor based on a zinc oxide (ZnO) and polyethylenimine (PEI) composite. The sensor has a simple structure, consisting only of a layer of the ZnO:PEI composite, coated using an ethanol solution, on a layer of silver inter-digital electrodes that have been pre-printed on a polyethyleneterephthalate substrate. The sensor with ZnO:PEI in the ratio of 2:1 by volume exhibits a response of 43 907 000% at maximum humidity, with a detection range of 15%–95% relative humidity, higher than other sensors fully made by wet-coating processes. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy measurements suggest that the high response likely arises from the use of a hydrophilic polymer with a high dipole moment which facilitates dipole-dipole interactions with water molecules and from the highly granular morphology of the composite which leads to a high surface-to-volume ratio and more-numerous water adsorption sites. The fabricated sensor also demonstrates short response/recovery times (5 s/3 s), good repeatability over multiple humidification and desiccation cycles, and only 5% loss in response after being kept in the ambient for three weeks.
Comparative Assessment of DNA Extraction Techniques From Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded Tumor Specimens and Their Impact on Downstream Analysis
Authors: Bapat Prachi R , Epari Sridhar , Joshi Pradnya V , Dhanavade Dipika S , Rumde Rachna H , Gurav Mamta Y , Shetty Omshree A , Desai Sangeeta B 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Good-quality nucleic acid extraction from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) specimens remains a challenge in molecular-oncopathology practice. This study evaluates the efficacy of an in-house developed FFPE extraction buffer compared with other commercially available kits.

Methods
Eighty FFPE specimens processed in different surgical pathology laboratories formed the study sample. DNA extraction was performed using three commercial kits and the in-house developed FFPE extraction buffer. DNA yield was quantified by a NanoDrop spectrophotometer and Qubit Fluorometer, and its purity was measured by the 260/280-nm ratio. A fragment analyzer system was used for accurate sizing of DNA fragments of FFPE DNA. The downstream effects of all extraction methods were evaluated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Sanger sequencing.

Results
In comparison with the commercial kits, the in-house buffer yielded higher DNA quantity and quality number (P &lt; .0001). In addition, DNA integrity and fragment size were preserved in a significantly greater number of samples isolated with the in-house buffer (P &lt; .05). The target PCR amplification rate with the in-house buffer extracted samples was also significantly higher, with 98% of the samples showing interpretable sequencing results.

Conclusions
The in-house developed FFPE extraction buffer performed superior to other methods in terms of suitability for downstream applications, time, cost-efficiency, and ease of performance.
Testing the Reserve Capacity Model: Does Race Moderate the Relationship Between Negative Emotions and Neurocognition?
Authors: Bloom Rachel F , Siedlecki Karen L 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo test whether race moderates the relationship between negative emotions and neurocognition by applying the reserve capacity model within a large sample that spans adulthood.MethodThe study sample (N = 1,020) consisted of community-dwelling adults between 18 and 84 years of age who were drawn from the Virginia Cognitive Aging Project. Demographic variables were used to match a sample of Black participants to a sample of White participants. Race was examined as a moderator of the relationship between negative emotions (i.e., depressive symptoms, trait anxiety, and the negative affect subscale from the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule) and neurocognitive variables (episodic memory, reasoning, spatial visualization, and processing speed) with multiple-group structural equation modeling.ResultsAfter accounting for sociodemographic variables, depressive symptoms were negatively associated with processing speed in both groups, and with worse reasoning in the White subsample. Negative affect was associated with lower reasoning performance in both groups and with lower spatial visualization in the White subsample. Trait anxiety was not significantly associated with the neurocognitive constructs in either group. Multigroup structural equation models showed that the magnitudes of the associations were not different between the Black and White subsamples. Thus, race did not moderate the relationships between depressive symptoms, trait anxiety, and negative affect with neurocognition.ConclusionsNegative emotions are associated with lower performance on different neurocognitive tasks, but race does not moderate these relationships. Future research should examine perceived discrimination or other psychosocial variables when examining the relationships among negative emotions and neurocognition.
A novel pathway mutation perturbation score predicts the clinical outcomes of immunotherapy
Authors: Li Xiangmei , He Yalan , Wu Jiashuo , Qiu Jiayue , Li Ji , Wang Qian , Jiang Ying , Han Junwei 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The link between tumor genetic variations and immunotherapy benefits has been widely recognized. Recent studies suggested that the key biological pathways activated by accumulated genetic mutations may act as an effective biomarker for predicting the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. Here, we developed a novel individual Pathway Mutation Perturbation (iPMP) method that measures the pathway mutation perturbation level by combining evidence of the cumulative effect of mutated genes with the position of mutated genes in the pathways. In iPMP, somatic mutations on a single sample were first mapped to genes in a single pathway to infer the pathway mutation perturbation score (PMPscore), and then, an integrated PMPscore profile was produced, which can be used in place of the original mutation dataset to identify associations with clinical outcomes. To illustrate the effect of iPMP, we applied it to a melanoma cohort treated with ICIs and identified seven significant perturbation pathways, which jointly constructed a pathway-based signature. With the signature, patients were classified into two subgroups with significant distinctive overall survival and objective response rate to immunotherapy. Moreover, the pathway-based signature was consistently validated in two independent melanoma cohorts. We further applied iPMP to two non-small cell lung cancer cohorts and also obtained good performance. Altogether, the iPMP method could be used to identify the significant mutation perturbation pathways for constructing the pathway-based biomarker to predict the clinical outcomes of immunotherapy. The iPMP method has been implemented as a freely available R-based package (https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=PMAPscore).
Comparative Outcomes of Candida auris Bloodstream Infections: A Multicenter Retrospective Case-Control Study
Authors: Simon Samuel P , Li Rosanna , Silver Michael , Andrade Justin , Tharian Biju , Fu Lung , Villanueva Diana , Abascal Daniel Gonzalez , Mayer Ariel , Truong James , Figueroa Nilka , Ghitan Monica , Chapnick Edward , Lin Yu Shia 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
This study was performed to compare clinical characteristics and outcomes between patients with bloodstream infections (BSIs) caused by Candida auris and those with BSIs caused by other Candida spp.

Methods
A multicenter retrospective case-control study was performed at 3 hospitals in Brooklyn, New York, between 2016 and 2020. The analysis included patients ≥18 years of age who had a positive blood culture for any Candida spp. and were treated empirically with an echinocandin. The primary outcome was the 30-day mortality rate. Secondary outcomes were 14-day clinical failure, 90-day mortality rate, 60-day microbiologic recurrence, and in-hospital mortality rate.

Results
A total of 196 patients were included in the final analysis, including 83 patients with candidemia caused by C. auris. After inverse propensity adjustment, C. auris BSI was not associated with increased 30-day (adjusted odds ratio, 1.014 [95% confidence interval, .563–1.828]); P = .96) or 90-day (0.863 [.478–1.558]; P = .62) mortality rates. A higher risk for microbiologic recurrence within 60 days of completion of antifungal therapy was observed in patients with C. auris candidemia (adjusted odds ratio, 4.461 [95% confidence interval, 1.033–19.263]; P = .045).

Conclusions
C. auris BSIs are not associated with a higher mortality risk than BSIs caused by other Candida spp. The rate of microbiologic recurrence was higher in the C. auris group.
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells protect mouse heart from myocardial infarction injury via interleukin 5, eosinophils, and dendritic cells
Authors: Liu Tianxiao , Meng Zhaojie , Liu Jing , Li Jie , Zhang Yuanyuan , Deng Zhiyong , Luo Songyuan , Wang Minjie , Huang Qin , Zhang Shuya , Fendt Pauline , Devouassoux Julie , Li Dazhu , McKenzie Andrew Neil James , Nahrendorf Matthias , Libby Peter , Guo Junli , Shi Guo-Ping 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Aims
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) regulate adaptive and innate immunities. In mouse heart, production of myocardial infarction (MI) increased ILC2 accumulation, suggesting a role for ILC2 in cardiac dysfunction post-MI.

Methods and results
We produced MI in ILC2-deficeint Rorafl/flIl7rCre/+ mice and in Icosfl-DTR-fl/+Cd4Cre/+ mice that allowed diphtheria toxin-induced ILC2 depletion. Genetic or induced deficiency of ILC2 in mice exacerbated cardiac dysfunction post-MI injury along with increased myocardial accumulation of neutrophils, CD11b+Ly6Chi monocytes, and CD4+ T cells but deficiency of eosinophils (EOS) and dendritic cells (DC). Post-MI hearts from genetic and induced ILC2-deficient mice contained many more apoptotic cells than those of control mice, and Rorafl/flIl7rCre/+ mice showed thinner and larger infarcts and more collagen-I depositions than the Il7rCre/+ mice only at early time points post-MI. Mechanistic studies revealed elevated blood IL5 in Il7rCre/+ mice at 1, 7, and 28 days post-MI. Such increase was blunted in Rorafl/flIl7rCre/+ mice. Administration of recombinant IL5 reversed EOS losses in Rorafl/flIl7rCre/+ mice, but IL5 did not correct the DC loss in these mice. Adoptive transfer of ILC2, EOS, or DC from wild-type mice, but not ILC2 from Il5−/− mice improved post-MI cardiac functions in Rorafl/flIl7rCre/+ recipient mice. EOS are known to protect cardiomyocytes from apoptosis. Here we showed that DC acted like EOS in blocking cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Yet, ILC2 or IL5 alone did not directly affect cardiomyocyte apoptosis or TGF-β (transforming growth factor-β)-induced cardiac fibroblast Smad signalling.

Conclusion
This study revealed an indirect cardiac reparative role of ILC2 in post-MI hearts via the IL5, EOS, and DC mechanism.
Lobar versus sublobar resection in clinical stage IA primary lung cancer with occult N2 disease
Authors: Liou Douglas Z , Chan Michelle , Bhandari Prasha , Lui Natalie S , Backhus Leah M , Shrager Joseph B , Berry Mark F 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Sublobar resection is increasingly being utilized for early-stage lung cancers, but optimal management when final pathology shows unsuspected mediastinal nodal disease is unclear. This study tested the hypothesis that lobectomy has improved survival compared to sublobar resection for clinical stage IA tumours with occult N2 disease.

METHODS
The use of sublobar resection and lobectomy for patients in the National Cancer Database who underwent primary surgical resection for clinical stage IA non-small-cell lung cancer with pathologic N2 disease between 2010 and 2017 was evaluated using logistic regression. Survival was assessed with Kaplan–Meier analysis, log-rank test and Cox proportional hazards model.

RESULTS
A total of 2419 patients comprised the study cohort, including 320 sublobar resections (13.2%) and 2099 lobectomies (86.8%). Older age, female sex, smaller tumour size and treatment at an academic facility predicted the use of sublobar resection. Patients undergoing lobectomy had larger tumours (2.40 vs 2.05 cm, P &lt; 0.001) and more lymph nodes examined (11 vs 5, P &lt; 0.001). Adjuvant chemotherapy use was similar between the 2 groups (sublobar 79.4% vs lobectomy 77.4%, P = 0.434). Sublobar resection was not associated with worse survival compared to lobectomy in both univariate (5-year survival 46.6% vs 45.2%, P = 0.319) and multivariable Cox proportional hazards analysis (hazard ratio 0.97, P = 0.789).

CONCLUSIONS
Clinical stage IA non-small-cell lung cancer patients with N2 disease on final pathology have similar long-term survival with either sublobar resection or lobectomy. Patients with occult N2 disease after sublobar resection may not require reoperation for completion lobectomy but should instead proceed to adjuvant chemotherapy.
Aggressive use of prophylactic cerebrospinal fluid drainage to prevent spinal cord ischemia during thoracic endovascular aortic repair is not supportive
Authors: Seike Yoshimasa , Fukuda Tetsuya , Yokawa Koki , Koizumi Shigeki , Masada Kenta , Inoue Yosuke , Matsuda Hitoshi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
We investigated whether prophylactic preoperative cerebrospinal fluid drainage (CSFD) was effective in preventing spinal cord ischemia (SCI) during thoracic endovascular aortic repair of degenerative descending thoracic aortic aneurysms, excluding dissecting aneurysms.

METHODS
We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who underwent thoracic endovascular aortic repair involving proximal landing zones 3 and 4 between 2009 and 2020.

RESULTS
Eighty-nine patients with preemptive CSFD [68 men; median (range) age, 76.0 (71.0–81.0) years] and 115 patients without CSFD [89 men; median (range) age, 77.0 (74.0–81.5) years] were included in this study. Among them, 59 from each group were matched based on propensity scores to regulate for differences in backgrounds. The incidence rate of SCI was similar: 8/89 (9.0%) in the CSFD group and 6/115 (5.2%) in the non-CSFD group (P = 0.403). Shaggy aorta (odds ratio, 5.13; P = 0.004) and iliac artery access (odds ratio, 5.04; P = 0.005) were identified as positive predictors of SCI. Other clinically important confounders included Adamkiewicz artery coverage (odds ratio, 2.53; P = 0.108) and extensive stent graft coverage (&gt;8 vertebrae) (odds ratio, 1.41; P = 0.541) were not statistically significant. Propensity score matching yielded similar incidence of SCI: 4/59 (6.8%) in the CSFD group and 3/59 (5.1%) in the non-CSFD group (P = 0.697).

CONCLUSIONS
Aggressive use of prophylactic CSFD was not supportive in patients without complex risks of SCI.