bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the prevalence,risk factors, and clinical characteristics of osteoporosis in patients with essential hypertension
Authors: Wu Hai-Long , Yang Jie , Wei Yu-Chi , Wang Jian-Yu , Jia Yu-Yan , Li Luan , Zhang Lu , Lu Yan , Leng Xiang-Yang , Luo Zong-Jian 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objectives
The present study investigated the prevalence of osteoporosis (OP) in patients with essential hypertension (EH) in the Changchun community and analyzed the correlation between EH and OP.
Methods
The study was conducted in 425 patients with EH and 425 healthy controls. Bone mineral density (BMD) and serum creatinine (CR) levels were measured, and the patients' current status was surveyed to analyze the correlation between EH and OP.
Results
The EH group exhibited lower BMD and higher prevalence of OP than the healthy controls, and this difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 12.968; p = 0.002). However, the difference in OP prevalence was statistically nonsignificant between male and female patients (χ2 = 1.998; df = 1; p = 0.157). The risk of developing OP was not significantly different between middle-aged and elderly men and women (χ2 = 0.228; p = 0.633). However, the OP risk in patients with EH varied significantly with different age, body weight, fracture history, nocturnal urination frequency, depression and anxiety status, duration of hypertension, and antihypertensive medication (p < 0.05). The two-way analysis of variance suggested an effect of the interaction between different EH prevalence conditions and bone mass conditions on the serum CR values (F = 3.584, p = 0.028, bias η2 = 0.008).
Conclusions
The incidences of OP and low BMD were significantly higher in patients with EH than in healthy controls. Additionally, age, weight, fracture history, nocturnal urination frequency, depression and anxiety, duration of hypertension, and antihypertensive medication were the risk factors for OP in patients with EH. Moreover, serum CR levels in patients with different bone mass profiles were strongly influenced by the presence or absence of EH, and the expression of serum CR levels differed significantly with the interaction of this factor.
A European Multinational Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Empagliflozin in Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction
Authors: Tafazzoli Ali , Reifsnider Odette S. , Bellanca Leana , Ishak Jack , Carrasco Marc , Stargardter Matthew , Linden Stephan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose: This research examined the cost-effectiveness of adding empagliflozin to standard of care (SoC) compared with SoC alone for treatment of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) from the perspective of healthcare payers in the United Kingdom (UK), Spain and France. Methods: A lifetime Markov cohort model was developed to simulate patients’ progression through health states based on Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire Clinical Summary Score. The model predicted risk of death, hospitalisation for heart failure (HHF), treatment-related adverse events, and treatment discontinuation each monthly cycle. Clinical inputs and utilities were derived from EMPEROR-Reduced trial data, supplemented by published literature and national costing databases. Costs (2021 pound sterling/euro) and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) were discounted annually for the UK (3.5%), Spain (3.0%) and France (2.5%). Results: In the UK, Spain and France, empagliflozin plus SoC yielded additional QALYs (0.19, 0.23 and 0.21) at higher cost (£1,185, €1,770 and €1,183 per patient) than SoC alone, yielding incremental cost-effectiveness ratios of £6,152/QALY, €7,736/QALY and €5,511/QALY, respectively. Reduced HHF incidence provided most cost offsets for empagliflozin plus SoC. Similar results were obtained for a range of subgroups and sensitivity analyses. Probabilistic sensitivity results indicated empagliflozin plus SoC remained cost-effective vs. SoC at willingness-to-pay thresholds of £20,000/QALY, €20,000/QALY and €30,000/QALY in 79.6%, 75.5% and 97.3% of model runs for the UK, Spain and France, respectively. Conclusions: Empagliflozin added to SoC leads to health benefits for patients with HFrEF and is a cost-effective treatment option for payers in multiple European countries (UK, Spain, France).
Soil Moisture and Rainfall Interplay for Tropical Ecosystems in The West African Terrain Using Satellite-Based Datasets and Gauge measurements
Authors: Asilevi Prince Junior , Dogbey Felicia , Quansah Emmanuel , Amuzu Deborah 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The interplay of soil moisture (SM) and rainfall (RR) has practical importance for pluvial flood prevention and prediction, drought monitoring, and weather forecasting for agricultural applications. Recent satellite products have shown complicated SM - RR relationships over varied ecosystems, with a diverse range of positive to negative correlation indices. This study presents an assessment of the SM - RR interplay over contrasting tropical ecosystems across Ghana in the West Africa terrain, using RR gauge measurements and satellite-based root zone SM for 22 Synoptic stations spanning 30 years (1990–2019). Spatiotemporal distributions, percentage changes about onset dates, and statistical strength of correlations are presented and discussed. Findings show that, generally, SM decreases northward by a gradient of 0.01, showing weak to strong correlations of 0.38–0.82 ± 0.10 with RR countrywide, the highest is found for stations in the northern Savannah and Coastal Savannah zones, the weakest for stations in the Forest zone. Meanwhile, based on the RR onset dates, the Coastal zone exhibits the highest percentage change in SM, whereas the Forest, Transition, and Savannah zones exhibit low to slightly negative percentage changes. This has been attributed to SM deficits resulting from the dry Harmattan season before RR onset, strongly suggesting a respective delineation of Coastal and Savannah regions as flood and drought-prone zones. The results are in tandem with global-scale assessments, and present a theoretical framework to develop ecosystem water and pluvial flood management schemes over the sub-region.
Plant pan-genomes are highly vulnerable to methodological considerations
Authors: Glick Lior , Mayrose Itay 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Pan-genomics is a promising approach for studying the genetic diversity within plant populations. In contrast to common resequencing studies that compare whole genome sequencing data to a single reference genome, the construction of a pan-genome involves the direct comparison of multiple genomes to one another, thereby enabling the detection of nonreference genomic sequences and genes, as well as the analysis of gene content diversity. While multiple studies describing pan-genomes of various plant species have been published in recent years, the effect of the construction methodology is still poorly understood. Here we examine the effect of several key methodological factors on the obtained nonreference gene pool and on gene presence-absence detections by constructing and comparing multiple pan-genomes of Arabidopsis thaliana and cultivated soybean, as well as conducting a meta-analysis on published pan-genomes. These factors include the construction method, the sequencing depth, and the extent of input data used for gene annotation. We observe extreme differences between pan-genomes constructed using the two common procedures (De novo assembly and Map-to-pan), and that results are dependent on the extent of the input data. Specifically, we report low overlap between nonreference gene pools and low agreement in gene content inferences obtained using different procedures and input data. Our results raise questions regarding the reliability of recently published pan-genomes and indicate that current inferences should be treated with great caution.
Frequency of COVID-19 in patients with myocardial infarction treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Zahedi Mahdi , Davanloo Faeze , Fatemi Alireza 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Introduction: COVID-19 is a disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) There are some evidences that myocardial injury may play a role in increasing mortality in patients with COVID-19. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of COVID-19 in patients with myocardial infarction treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and demographic and clinical indicators of patients with this complication for a six months period.Methods: This cross-sectional study was retrospective and descriptive and all patients with acute myocardial infarction under primary PCI including 85 patients were included in the study. Measured parameters included COVID-19, age, sex, ethnicity, diabetes, and hypertension. Data were analyzed by SPSS.v25 software.Results: 14 patients with MI under primary PCI (16.5%) had COVID-19. COVID-19 was diagnosed by RT-PCR for 2 patients and by lung CT scan of the remaining 12. Background Diabetes and Hypertension were present in 21.4% (n = 3) and 7.1% (n = 1) of COVID-19 patients, respectively. Recurrence of MI occurred in 14.3% (2 cases) of patients with COVID-19. The death occurred in only one case of COVID-19 patients, a 70-year-old Persian woman with diabetes and hypertension. There was no significant difference between age and sex, ethnicity, underlying diabetes, and underlying hypertension between COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 groups.Conclusion: The prevalence of COVID-19 is significant in MI patients undergoing primary PCI. Further studies are recommended to investigate the role and mechanism of demographic and contextual variables on the severity and consequences of primary PCI in MI patients with COVID-19.
Rutin exerts anti-oxidant effects in H2O2-induced microglia oxidative stress
Authors: Lang Guang-Ping , Han Ying-Ying , Xu Xi , Li Si-Jia , Yang Yang , Yang Yu-Long , Shi Jing-Shan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Microglia oxidative stress is of significance in central nervous system (CNS) dysfunctions. Rutin, a natural citrus flavonoid glycoside, possesses evident anti-oxidant effects in many organs. However, whether rutin participates microglia oxidative stress remains blurred. In present study, H2O2-induced BV-2 microglia oxidative stress (OS) model was used to explore how rutin act in microglia oxidative stress. Our findings suggest rutin supplement limited tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, Nitric oxide (NO) and iNOS secretion from microglia, but elevated interleukin-10 production. More importantly, rutin protected BV-2 microglia against oxidative damage by inhibiting reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) production and restoring the activity of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutases (SODs) and Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). Moveover, rutin upregulatd Nrf2 and Nrf-2 responsive gene expression, but downregulated keap 1 expression. These data exhibit rutin may alleviate microglia oxidative stress by modulating inflammatory factors and anti-oxidant enzymes in a Nrf2-dependent way.
Experimental and Theoretical Studies on the Anti-Amyloidogenic and Destabilizing Effects of Pyrogallol Against Human Insulin Protein
Authors: Shouhani Parastoo , Bahramikia Seifollah , Hejazi Seyed Hesam 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
One of the major problems caused by repeated subcutaneous insulin injections in diabetic patients is insulin amyloidosis. Understanding the molecular mechanism of amyloid fibril formation of insulin and finding effective compounds to its inhibit or eliminate is very important and extensive research has been done on it. In this study, the anti-amyloidogenic and destabilizing effects of the pyrogallol, as a phenolic compound, on human insulin protein were investigated by CR absorbance, ThT and ANS fluorescence, FTIR spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. According to the obtained results, the formation of amyloid fibrils at pH 2.0 and 50°C was confirmed by CR, ThT, ANS, FTIR assays. Microscopic images also showed the twisted and long structures of amyloid fibrils. Simultaneous incubation of the protein with pyrogallol at different concentrations reduced the intensities of CR, ThT and ANS in a dose-dependent manner and no trace of fibrillar structures was observed in the microscopic images. FTIR spectroscopy also showed that the position of amide I band in the spectrum of samples containing pyrogallol was shifted. Based on the findings in this study, it can be concluded that pyrogallol can be effective in preventing and suppressing human insulin amyloid fibrils.
Association Between Sexual Violence And Unintended Pregnancy Among Married Women In Zambia
Authors: Kasonde Mwewa Elizabeth , Bwalya Bwalya Bupe , Nyirenda Elizabeth Tamara , Mapoma Chabila Christopher , Sikaluzwe Milika , Chimpinde Kafiswe , Songolo Gloria 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Intimate partner violence against women is acknowledged as a worldwide public health issue. One of the outcomes of sexual violence is unintended pregnancy. In Zambia, 15% of married women age 15 to 49 had experienced sexual violence from their husband or partner. Since 1992, the prevalence of unintended pregnancies among women age 15 to 49 has risen to 38%. The link between sexual violence and unintended pregnancy in Zambia was investigated in this study.Methods: The women's dataset from the 2018 Zambia Demographic and Health Survey was used in this study. The study looked at a weighted sample size of 5,132 women age 15 to 49. Descriptive, chi-square, bivariate, and multivariate binary logistic regressions were used in the data analysis. Multivariate binary logistic regression was performed to establish the net effects of sexual violence and each explanatory variable on unintended pregnancy.Results: The findings suggest that sexual violence does have a role in unintended pregnancies (AOR 1.74; 1.38 - 2.19). Contraception use is also a significant predictor of unintended pregnancy (AOR 1.48; 1.16 - 1.88), even when other characteristics are taken into account. Results have shown that if a woman had ever used contraception and had experienced sexual violence, she was more likely to have an unintended pregnancy.Conclusion: Spousal sexual violence is highly associated with unintended pregnancies in Zambia. Addressing intimate partner sexual violence is among the ways to prevent unintended pregnancies. It is also important to sensitize on women reporting acts of sexual violence to relevant authorities as this will not only prevent reoccurrence of sexual violence but also reduce unintended pregnancies and associated long-term effects.
Assessment of Brain Injury Characterization and Influence of Modeling of Skull-Brain Interface
Authors: Yang Saichao , Tang Jisi , Nie Bingbing , Zhou Qing 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this study, using computational biomechanics models, we investigated influence of the skull-brain interface modeling approach and the material property of cerebrum on the kinetic, kinematic and injury outputs. Live animal head impact tests of different severities were reconstructed in finite element simulations and DAI and ASDH injury results were compared. We used the head/brain models of Total HUman Model for Safety (THUMS) and Global Human Body Models Consortium (GHBMC), which had been validated under several loading conditions. Four modeling approaches of the skull-brain interface in the head/brain models were evaluated. They were the original models from THUMS and GHBMC, the THUMS model with skull-brain interface changed to sliding contact, and the THUMS model with increased shear modulus of cerebrum, respectively. The results have shown that the definition of skull-brain interface would significantly influence the magnitude and distribution of the load transmitted to the brain. With sliding brain-skull interface, the brain had lower maximum principal stress compared to that with strong connected interface, while the maximum principal strain slightly increased. In addition, greater shear modulus resulted in slightly higher the maximum principal stress and significantly lower the maximum principal strain. This study has revealed that some injury metrics are sensitive to modeling approaches.
m6A demethylase Fto regulates TNF-α-induced inflammatory response in cementoblasts
Authors: Li Biao , Du Mingyuan , Sun Qiao , Cao Zhengguo , He Hong 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Apical periodontitis is among the most frequently occurring pathological lesions around the root apex, which can cause alveolar bone defect and tooth loss, even leading to rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes. The exactly underlying molecular mechanisms are still evolving. Fat mass and obesity-associated protein (Fto) is the first identified RNA m6A demethylase/eraser that plays key regulatory roles in multiple biological processes. However, it remains unclear whether Fto is involved in the inflammatory response in cementoblasts. In the current study, we investigated the effect of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)-induced Fto expression in mouse cementoblast cell line (OCCM-30 cells). Following apical periodontitis induction, mice showed downregulation in the expression of Fto, associated with a significant increase in the inflammatory cell infiltration around the root apex. Moreover, OCCM-30 cells exposed to TNF-α showed similar changes, which presented an upregulation in inflammatory-related genes, whereas a decrease of Fto. Furthermore, qRT-PCR and ELISA analysis showed knockdown of Fto promoted in the expression of Il-6, Mcp1, and Mmp9 in TNF-α-treated OCCM-30 cells as compared to NC cells, whereas did not affect the mRNA stability. Interestingly, Fto knockdown activated the p65, p38, and ERK1/2 but not JNK signaling pathways after TNF-α administration in OCCM-30 cells. Taken together, these data suggest that TNF-α decreasing expression of Fto might play a critical role in the inflammatory response, and modulation of Fto might change the inflammatory response.
Pollinator and Floral Odor Specificity Among Four Synchronopatric Species of Ceropegia (Apocynaceae) Suggests Ethological Isolation That Prevents Reproductive Interference
Authors: Kidyoo Aroonrat , Kidyoo Manit , McKey Doyle , Proffit Magali , Deconninck Gwenaëlle , Wattana Pichaya , Uamjan Nantaporn , Ekkaphan Paweena , Blatrix Rumsais 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Possession of flowers that trap dipteran pollinators is a phylogenetically conserved trait within the genus Ceropegia, in which pollination systems can be generalized or highly specialized. However, little is known about the role of plant–pollinator interactions in maintaining reproductive isolation between plant species. This study examined the degree of specificity in plant-pollinator interactions and identified the mechanisms responsible for specificity among four synchronopatric species of Ceropegia. These species showed significant differences in floral scents, floral morphology, colour patterns, and presence of other functional structures, e.g., vibratile trichomes, whose essential role in fly attraction was experimentally demonstrated here. Similarity in chemical compositions of the floral scents to that of crushed Cletus trigonus bugs living in the same habitat suggests kleptomyiophily in at least some of the species studied. This is the first study to empirically demonstrate that mechanical isolation plays no discernable part in floral isolation in Ceropegia, but instead that a combination of olfactory and visual cues differentially influenced pollinator preferences and hindered heterospecific visitation, ensuring specificity through pollinator constancy, thereby driving ethological isolation among these congeneric sympatric species. We also showed experimentally that specificity was not maintained outside these plants’ native range, where other fly species occur.
Anxiety, Depression, And Their Associations With Resilience Among Chinese Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Yang Yuqiong , Luo Biru , Zhao Li , He Jingjing , Liao Shujuan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The mental health problems of adolescents appear to have increased worldwide in recent years. The aim of this study was to assess anxiety, depression, and their associations with resilience among Chinese adolescents. 2452 students were recruited from 3 middle schools through cluster randomization in Chengdu, Sichuan province, China. Resilience, family function, depression and anxiety were measured by resilience subscale of Chinese Positive Youth Development Scale (CPYDS), Chinese Family Assessment Instrument (C-FAI), the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children (CES-DC), and the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED), respectively. Ordinal logistic regression and binary logistic regression were used to explore the independent effect of different variables on anxiety and depression. The prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms among adolescents was 30.3% and 40.5% respectively in our study. Senior and male students experienced lower levels of anxiety (OR=0.900, p<0.001; OR=0.479, p<0.001). Resilience was negatively associated with both anxiety and depression (OR=0.700, p<0.001; OR=0.796, p<0.001). Poor interaction with caregivers was a risk factor for both anxiety (OR=0.943, p=0.037) and depression (OR=0.899, p<0.001). Family dysfunction and internet use were protective factors for both anxiety (OR=1.418, p<0.001; OR = 1.001, p<0.001) and depression (OR=1.418, p<0.001; OR = 1.001, p<0.001). The existence of anxiety was found to be positively correlated with depressive symptoms in our sample. More attention should be paid to the mental health of adolescents. Measures that improve resilience and family function might be considered by stakeholders. A healthy lifestyle should also be stressed among adolescents.
Web-Based Application For Predicting Potential Target Phenotype For Recombinant Human Thrombomodulin Therapy In Patients With Sepsis: Analysis Of Three Multicentre Registries
Authors: Goto Tadahiro , Kudo Daisuke , Uchimido Ryo , Hayakawa Mineji , Yamakawa Kazuma , Abe Toshikazu , Shiraishi Atsushi , Kushimoto Shigeki 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A recent randomised controlled trial (RCT) failed to demonstrate a beneficial effect of recombinant human thrombomodulin (rhTM) on sepsis, but there is controversy in the effects of rhTM for sepsis due to heterogeneity of its study population. While we previously identified a distinct phenotype that could be a potential target of rhTM therapy, the discovery of phenotypes itself is insufficient because rules or prediction models are required to determine which patients are the potential target phenotypes of rhTM therapy in the clinical setting. Thus, using three multicentre sepsis registries, we aimed to develop and validate a machine learning model for predicting the target phenotype that we previously identified for targeted rhTM therapy. The predictors werer platelet counts, PT-INR, fibrinogen, fibrinogen/fibrin degradation products, and D-dimer. We also implemented the model as a web-based application. Two of the three registries were used for model development (n=3694), and the remaining registry was used for validation (n=1184). Approximately 9% of patients had the target phenotype in each cohort. In the validation, the C statistic of the developed model to predict the target phenotype was 0.996 (95% CI, 0.993-0.998), with a sensitivity of 0. 991and a specificity of 0. 967. Among patients those who were predicted as “potential target phenotype” in the validation cohort, rhTM use was associated with a lower in-hospital mortality (adjusted risk difference, −31.3% [−53.5% to −9.1%]). Given the high accuracy of the developed model for predicting the target phenotype for rhTM therapy, implementing the model as a web-based application could profoundly benefit clinicians and researchers conducting subsequent investigations to address heterogeneity in the treatment effects and its mechanisms.