bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Stochastic Reduced-Order Model for Statistical Microstructure Descriptors Evolution
Authors: Tran Anh , Wildey Tim , Sun Jing , Liu Dehao , Wang Yan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntegrated computational materials engineering (ICME) models have been a crucial building block for modern materials development, relieving heavy reliance on experiments and significantly accelerating the materials design process. However, ICME models are also computationally expensive, particularly with respect to time integration for dynamics, which hinders the ability to study statistical ensembles and thermodynamic properties of large systems for long time scales. To alleviate the computational bottleneck, we propose to model the evolution of statistical microstructure descriptors as a continuous-time stochastic process using a non-linear Langevin equation, where the probability density function (PDF) of the statistical microstructure descriptors, which are also the quantities of interests (QoIs), is modeled by the Fokker–Planck equation. We discuss how to calibrate the drift and diffusion terms of the Fokker–Planck equation from the theoretical and computational perspectives. The calibrated Fokker–Planck equation can be used as a stochastic reduced-order model to simulate the microstructure evolution of statistical microstructure descriptors PDF. Considering statistical microstructure descriptors in the microstructure evolution as QoIs, we demonstrate our proposed methodology in three integrated computational materials engineering (ICME) models: kinetic Monte Carlo, phase field, and molecular dynamics simulations.
Acoustic Wave Focusing From Reconfigurable Acoustic Arrays Based on a Bricard-Miura Synthesis
Authors: Bentley Christopher S. , Harne Ryan L. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Recent studies have shown that reconfigurable acoustic arrays inspired from rigid origami structures can be used to radiate and focus acoustic waves. Yet, there is a need for exploration of single-degree-of-freedom deployment to be integrated with such arrays for sake of tailoring wave focusing. This research explores a reconfigurable acoustic array inspired from a regular Miura-ori unit cell and threefold-symmetric Bricard linkage. The system focuses on acoustic waves and has single-degree-of-freedom motion when incorporated with a modified threefold-symmetric Bricard linkage. Three configurations of the array are analyzed where array facets that converge towards the center axis are considered to vibrate like baffled pistons and generate acoustic waves into the surrounding fluid. An analytical model is constructed to explore the near-field acoustic focusing behavior of the proposed acoustic array. The wave focusing capabilities of the array are verified through proof-of-principle experiments. The results show that the wave focusing of the array is influenced by the geometric parameters of the facets and the relative distance of facets to the center axis, in agreement with simplified ray acoustics estimates. These findings underscore the fundamental relationship between focusing sound radiators and geometric acoustics principles. The results encourage broader exploration of acoustic array designs inspired from integrated single-degree-of-freedom linkages and origami structures for sake of straightforward array deployment and reconfiguration.
Design and Application of Double-Parallelograms-Based Tuned Mass Damper for Low-Frequency Vibration Absorption
Authors: Ma Wenshuo , Yu Jingjun , Yang Yiqing 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Low-frequency vibration suppression is challenging in practical engineering problems due to the harsh requirement for vibration reduction devices, which requires constant low stiffness over a wide amplitude range. A passive tuned mass damper (TMD) composed of a positive stiffness module (PSM) in parallel with a negative stiffness module (NSM) is proposed, which are implemented by serial double-parallelograms (DP) and parallel-DP, respectively. The PSM has a large deflection range of constant stiffness for a given beam length, while the NSM offers negative stiffness within a certain deflection range when applied with axial load above the critical threshold. Based on the closed-form modeling of the stiffness modules using the beam constraint model (BCM), the design and analysis of the PSM and NSM are carried out considering the nonlinearity under large deflections. Afterward, with the structure of TMD implemented, its stiffness characteristics and low-frequency tunability are experimentally validated. Finally, the application on a suspension bridge model shows that a maximum of 29.8-dB vibration reduction of low-frequency mode is attained within the frequency range of interest. The proposed TMD well attenuates the vibrations excited by sweep sinusoidal and harmonic excitations under prespecified threshold levels of acceleration.
Positive Implicit Associations for Physical Activity Predict Physical Activity and Affective Responses During Exercise
Authors: Calado Gerson Daniel de Oliveira , Araújo Andressa de Oliveira , Oliveira Gledson Tavares Amorim , Sasaki Jeffer Eidi , Rebar Amanda L. , Machado Daniel Gomes da Silva , Elsangedy Hassan Mohamed 
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships of implicit associations and explicit evaluations with affective responses during an aerobic exercise session, physical activity, and sedentary behavior in adults. Fifty adults (70% women; median age = 31 years; 25th, 75th percentiles: 24.50, 40.50 years old; body mass index = 25.29 ± 4.97 kg/m2) not engaged in regular physical activity completed an implicit association test and a questionnaire of explicit evaluations and wore an accelerometer for 7 days. After the 7-day period, the participants performed 30 min of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise. Every 5 min, the affective response and the perception of effort were recorded. Participants who had more positive implicit associations toward physical activity (vs. sedentary behavior) reported higher affective responses during exercise and engaged in more moderate to vigorous physical activity. Encouraging pleasant physical activity may act to partially improve future physical activity through automatic motivational processes.
3-D seismic chronostratigraphy of reefs and drifts in the Browse Basin, NW Australia
Authors: Thronberens Sebastian , Back Stefan , Bourget Julien , Allan Tony , Reuning Lars 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In its subsurface, the Browse Basin on the Australian Northwest Shelf accommodates one of the largest Miocene–Pliocene carbonate platform provinces on Earth. This study presents a comprehensive three-dimensional (3-D) documentation and investigation of the Neogene Browse Basin carbonates based on the analysis of 15 3-D seismic reflection volumes covering ca. 33,000 km2 and 22 industry boreholes. Eight basin-wide seismic marker horizons tied to Sr isotope and biostratigraphic data provide a robust 3-D chronostratigraphic framework that (1) newly documents the occurrence of Miocene to recent carbonate systems in vast inboard basin areas; (2) presents the 3-D distribution and dynamic development of carbonate platforms through time constrained by absolute ages; and (3) supports the detailed 3-D interpretation of Miocene to recent depositional processes and key stratigraphic controls.
Around 18.6 Ma, the extent of all Browse Basin carbonate platforms was ca. 8600 km2, rising to &gt;10,000 km2 between 15.6 Ma and 12 Ma. By ca. 9.7 Ma, the total platform extent had decreased to ca. 5700 km2, waning to &lt;2800 km2 in the Pliocene. The observed reef demise is less abrupt than previously thought and comprises two steps, with the first in the late Miocene on the outer shelf and the second in the Pliocene on the middle and inner shelf. The Miocene outer-shelf platform demise coincided with (1) strong subsidence that outpaced sedimentation, (2) an increase in NW–SE-oriented tidal current activity, (3) the development of NNE–SSW-oriented bottom currents, and (4) the onset of drift sedimentation. The Pliocene demise of middle-shelf reefs coincided with (1) an increase of clastic sediment input from land and (2) stalling of the Indonesian Throughflow around 3.7 Ma. The basin-wide, 3-D seismic chronostratigraphic analysis presented supports a re-evaluation of the key controls for Miocene and Pliocene reef growth and decay on the NW Shelf and highlights the complexity of interacting global, regional, and local processes and peculiarities in carbonate platform development.
Gut microbial dysbiosis in rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review protocol of case-control studies
Authors: Wang Dan-Wen , Pang Xiang-Tian , Zhang Heng , Gao Hai-Xia , Leng Yu-Fei , Chen Feng-Qin , Zhang Rui , Feng Yun , Sun Zhi-Ling 
Published: April 2022

IntroductionRheumatoid arthritis (RA) has a huge societal impact due to the high prevalence, irreversible joint damage and systemic complications. Gut microbiota plays an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of RA by regulating the host immune system. Restoring intestinal homeostasis by altering the microbiota could be an attractive strategy for the prevention and treatment of RA. However, the signature features of microbial dysbiosis in RA are still controversial. Therefore, we aim to elucidate the characteristic change in the diversity and composition of gut microbiota in RA.Methods and analysisWe will systematically search through PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and Cochrane Library, as well as dissertations and conference proceedings. The reference lists of all included studies will be also reviewed to retrieve additional relevant studies. The case-control studies that reported either the relative abundance of bacteria at the phylum or genus level or at least one of the alpha-diversity, beta-diversity indexes in both RA and healthy controls will be included. Eligible studies will be screened independently by two reviewers according to the inclusion criteria. The Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale will be used to assess the quality of the included studies. Data extraction, qualitative and quantitative analysis will be performed within the gut microbial dysbiosis in RA. The expected outcomes will be the identification of the specific changes in composition and diversity of the gut microbiota in patients with RA. The quality of evidence will be assessed by the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation framework.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is unnecessary as this review does not address the data and privacy of patients. The results will be published in a peer-reviewed scientific journal and conference presentations.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021225229.
Study protocol: a survey exploring patients’ and healthcare professionals’ expectations, attitudes and ethical acceptability regarding the integration of socially assistive humanoid robots in nursing
Authors: Mlakar Izidor , Kampič Tadej , Flis Vojko , Kobilica Nina , Molan Maja , Smrke Urška , Plohl Nejc , Bergauer Andrej 
Published: April 2022

IntroductionPopulation ageing, the rise of chronic diseases and the emergence of new viruses are some of the factors that contribute to an increasing share of gross domestic product dedicated to health spending. COVID-19 has shown that nursing staff represents the critical part of hospitalisation. Technological developments in robotics and artificial intelligence can significantly reduce costs and lead to improvements in many hospital processes. The proposed study aims to assess expectations, attitudes and ethical acceptability regarding the integration of socially assistive humanoid robots into hospitalised care workflow from patients’ and healthcare professionals’ perspectives and to compare them with the results of similar studies.Methods/designThe study is designed as a cross-sectional survey, which will include three previously validated questionnaires, the Technology-Specific Expectation Scale (TSES), the Ethical Acceptability Scale (EAS) and the Negative Attitudes towards Robots Scale (NARS). The employees of a regional clinical centre will be asked to participate via an electronic survey and respond to TSES and EAS questionaries. Patients will respond to TSES and NARS questionaries. The survey will be conducted online.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval for the study was obtained by the Medical Ethics Commission of the University Medical Center Maribor. Results will be published in a relevant scientific journal and communicated to participants and relevant institutions through dissemination activities and the ecosystem of the Horizon 2020 funded project HosmartAI (grant no. 101016834).Ethical approval date06 May 2021.Estimated start of the studyDecember 2021.
Schools preparedness for menstrual hygiene management: a descriptive cross-sectional study in the West Gonja Municipality, Savannah Region of Ghana
Authors: Asumah Mubarick Nungbaso , Abubakari Abdulai , Gariba Ayishetu 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate schools’ preparedness for menstrual hygiene management in the West Gonja Municipality of Ghana.DesignThis was a cross-sectional study with a mixed-methods approach.SettingJunior high schools in the West Gonja Municipality.ParticipantsTwenty-six schools were randomly selected, and 13 schoolgirls were purposively chosen for qualitative interviews.Analysis of dataThe quantitative and qualitative data were analysed using Microsoft Excel and thematic content analysis, respectively. The transcriptions were printed out and read repeatedly to identify similar wordings, phrases, concept and meanings.OutcomesPresence of menstrual hygiene facilities in basic schools.ResultsMajority (69.2%) of the schools were poorly prepared towards menstrual hygiene management. Only 38.5% schools had water, most schools (61.5%) did not have waste bins, 30.8% of the schools had designated places for changing of menstrual materials. No school had menstrual hygiene materials available for emergency use. All participants acknowledged inadequate hygiene facilities in their schools. During menses, adolescent girls often absent themselves from school. Girls tend to be very inactive during their menstrual period for fear of embracement from their male counterparts. The following themes were obtained ‘unavailability of hygiene material’, ‘involvement in class during menses’ and ‘absence from school’.ConclusionSchools in West Gonja Municipality have inadequate menstrual hygiene management facilities that could be a major setback to the health and educational attainment of young girls. The Ministry of Sanitation and Water Resources should expand menstrual hygiene and its management to reach the West Gonja Municipality as part of the National Sanitation and Hygiene Strategy.
Understanding what wellbeing means to medical and nursing staff working in paediatric intensive care: an exploratory qualitative study using appreciative inquiry
Authors: Butcher Isabelle , Morrison Rachael , Webb Sarah , Duncan Heather , Balogun Omobolanle , Shaw Rachel 
Published: April 2022

Aims and objectivesTo explore what wellbeing means to medical and nursing staff working in a large paediatric intensive care (PIC).DesignExploratory qualitative design using an appreciative inquiry framework.SettingPIC unit; primary, secondary and tertiary.Participants46 nurses and doctors working on PIC.InterventionsA set of images were used together with open-ended questions to prompt staff to discuss what wellbeing means to them. Interviews were audiorecorded and transcribed. Data were analysed thematically.ResultsImages depicting nature, children and groups of adults were selected most. Meanings of wellbeing for PIC staff can be understood through three themes: (1) Being nurtured and supported at work, (2) Importance of nature and (3) Social support independent of work. The first theme considered the importance of being listened to at work as well as staff highlighting the value of being in control at work. Within the second theme, being active in nature and outdoors as well as the importance of being in the present moment was illustrated. Within the final theme, staff expressed the value of having support independent of work and highlighted the importance of spending time with family.ConclusionsThis study provides a unique insight into how individuals working in PIC experience wellbeing and what wellbeing means to them. Understanding how healthcare professionals in PIC settings experience wellbeing and what wellbeing means to them will enable researchers to develop interventions designed to enhance staff wellbeing based on lived experience.
Opt-out rates and reasons for non-participation in a single-arm feasibility trial (ENGAGE) of a guided internet-administered CBT-based intervention for parents of children treated for cancer: a nested cross-sectional survey
Authors: Hagström Josefin , Woodford Joanne , von Essen Agnes , Lähteenmäki Päivi , von Essen Louise 
Published: April 2022

ObjectivesDifficulties with recruitment into clinical trials are common. An opt-out recruitment strategy, whereby potential participants can decline further contact about a study (opt-out), and non-responders are contacted, may facilitate participation. Primary objectives examined opt-out and consent rates, mode and time point of opt-out, and sociodemographic characteristics of those who opted out versus those who chose to participate in a single-arm feasibility trial (ENGAGE) of a guided, internet-administered, cognitive–behavioural therapy-based intervention for parents of children treated for cancer. Secondary objectives examined reasons for non-participation.DesignA cross-sectional survey nested within the ENGAGE feasibility trial.SettingThe intervention was delivered from Uppsala University, with parents located throughout Sweden.ParticipantsPotential participants were recruited 3 months–5 years following their child ending treatment for cancer and were identified via their personal identification number (via the Swedish Childhood Cancer Registry and Swedish Tax Agency) and invited via postal invitation packs and could opt out via post, online, telephone or email. Those who did not opt out or consent, within 4 weeks, received up to five telephone calls and/or one postal reminder.ResultsOf 509 invited, 164 (32.2%) opted out, 78 (47.6%) via post, 53 (32.3%) via telephone, 24 (14.6%) online, and 6 (3.7%) via email, 88 (53.7%) opted out after at least one telephone call and/or postal reminder. There was a trend for parents with lower educational levels to opt out. No need of psychological support, lack of time, and no interest in internet-administered self-help were frequently reported reasons for non-participation.ConclusionsResults emphasise the importance of using different opt-out modes and suggest future research should consider how to widen study participation for parents with lower education levels. Self-identifying a need for psychological support and the acceptability of internet-administered self-help are important factors for participation and should be considered in future research to increase recruitment.Trial registration numberISRCTN57233429.
Qualitative evaluation of enabling factors and barriers to the success and sustainability of national public health institutes in Cambodia, Colombia, Liberia, Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda and Zambia
Authors: Woldetsadik Mahlet A , Bratton Shelly , Fitzpatrick Kaitlin , Ravat Fatima , Del Castillo Lisetta , McIntosh Kelsy J , Jarvis Dennis , Carnevale Caroline R , Cassell Cynthia H , Chhea Chhorvann , Prieto Alvarado Franklyn , MaCauley Jane , Jani Ilesh , Ilori Elsie , Nsanzimana Sabin , Mukonka Victor M , Baggett Henry C 
Published: April 2022

ObjectivesThe success of National Public Health Institutes (NPHIs) in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) is critical to countries’ ability to deliver public health services to their populations and effectively respond to public health emergencies. However, empirical data are limited on factors that promote or are barriers to the sustainability of NPHIs. This evaluation explored stakeholders’ perceptions about enabling factors and barriers to the success and sustainability of NPHIs in seven countries where the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has supported NPHI development and strengthening.DesignQualitative study.SettingCambodia, Colombia, Liberia, Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda and Zambia.ParticipantsNPHI staff, non-NPHI government staff, and non-governmental and international organisation staff.MethodsWe conducted semistructured, in-person interviews at a location chosen by the participants in the seven countries. We analysed data using a directed content analysis approach.ResultsWe interviewed 43 NPHI staff, 29 non-NPHI government staff and 24 staff from non-governmental and international organisations. Participants identified five enabling factors critical to the success and sustainability of NPHIs: (1) strong leadership, (2) financial autonomy, (3) political commitment and country ownership, (4) strengthening capacity of NPHI staff and (5) forming strategic partnerships. Three themes emerged related to major barriers or threats to the sustainability of NPHIs: (1) reliance on partner funding to maintain key activities, (2) changes in NPHI leadership and (3) staff attrition and turnover.ConclusionsOur findings contribute to the scant literature on sustainability of NPHIs in LMICs by identifying essential components of sustainability and types of support needed from various stakeholders. Integrating these components into each step of NPHI development and ensuring sufficient support will be critical to strengthening public health systems and safeguarding their continuity. Our findings offer potential approaches for country leadership to direct efforts to strengthen and sustain NPHIs.
Bigiswun Kid Project: a longitudinal study of adolescents living with high rates of prenatal alcohol exposure, fetal alcohol spectrum disorder and early life trauma in remote Australian Aboriginal communities
Authors: Rice Lauren J , Tsang Tracey W , Carter Emily , Hand Marmingee , Davies Jadnah , Thomas Sue , Bedford Eric , Bear Emma , Carter Cheyenne , Cannon Lisa , Elliott Elizabeth J 
Published: April 2022

IntroductionThe Lililwan Project was the first Australian population-based prevalence study of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) using active case ascertainment. Conducted in 2010–2011, the study included 95% of all eligible children aged 7–9 years living in the very remote Aboriginal communities of the Fitzroy Valley, Western Australia. Women from Marninwarntikura Women’s Resource Centre, a local Aboriginal-led organisation, are concerned that some participants from the study are struggling in adolescence so partnered with researchers from the University of Sydney to follow up the Lililwan cohort in 2020–2022 at age 17–19 years.The overarching aim of the Bigiswun Kid Project is to identify adolescents’ needs and build knowledge to inform services to improve the health and well-being of adolescents in remote Aboriginal communities. The specific aims are to: (1) provide a voice to adolescents and their families to understand the health and well-being status of the Lililwan cohort at 17–19 years. (2) Examine relationships between exposures during pregnancy, birth characteristics, and health and neurodevelopment at 7–9 years, and positive/adverse adolescent outcomes at 17–19 years. This information will identify prenatal and early life factors that predict good health and well-being in adolescence. (3) Determine whether management plans provided in the Lililwan Project were followed, and identify past and present service gaps, support needs and barriers to service use. (4) Determine if key physical characteristics of FASD change between childhood and adolescence in this Aboriginal population.Ethics and disseminationApproved by the Kimberley Aboriginal Health Planning Forum and relevant ethics committees.