bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of women who dropped out from pregnancy register in Okinawa, Japan: Findings from a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Uechi Ken , Arakaki Sugano , Sasaki Satoshi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimThere is little evidence regarding women who cannot register live births after pregnancy. We aimed to clarify the difference in baseline characteristics between women who registered live births and those who did not (i.e., dropout).MethodsWe assessed the birth cohort data of 1976 Japanese women who registered their pregnancies between July 2013 and March 2014 in Naha and Urasoe City, Okinawa, Japan. The database consisted of anthropometric data, reproductive history, sociodemographic characteristics, and dietary intake. We estimated the prevalence ratio to examine the associations of baseline characteristics with dropout by multivariable‐adjusted Poisson regression with robust standard error estimation.ResultsWe identified 272 dropouts (13.8%) in the pregnancy registry. About 15% of women reported experience of alcohol drinking preceding 1 month of pregnancy registration. Most participants' vitamin B1 (92.1%) and folate (74.7%) consumption was inadequate considering the dietary reference intake for Japanese pregnant women, but it was not associated with a high prevalence of dropout. The prevalence of dropout was significantly higher in teenagers (prevalence ratio [PR] = 2.06, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.38–3.07) and early 20s (PR = 1.42, 95% CI 1.04–1.93) than in women in late 20s. In addition, alcohol consumption was potentially associated with a high prevalence of dropout (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] = 1.31, 95% CI 0.99–1.73). Participants who experienced one or more live births (aPR = 0.43, 95% CI 0.28–0.66) were less likely to dropout.ConclusionWe found that the potential risk factors for dropout from pregnancy registration were young maternal age, no childbirth experience, and alcohol consumption.
Actual and volitional personality change across study abroad
Authors: Noftle Erik E. , Odagiri Noriko , Johnson Maya , Arzaga Andrew 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectivesAccording to personality development theories, the dramatic environmental transition of study abroad may form a crucible for personality change. Location, social roles, and cultural familiarity suddenly shift, potentially disrupting old habits and creating new ones, building upon the typical maturation occurring during college age. The current study poses questions about selection and socialization effects of study abroad on personality, actual and volitional change in personality, and whether adjustment to study abroad catalyzes change.MethodLongitudinal studies were conducted with Japanese students studying for one year in the USA (N = 300), and a comparison sample of students in an English‐language program at their university in Japan (N = 108). Big Five personality traits and trait‐relevant behavior were assessed at the beginning and end of the programs, along with three types of volitional change: expectations, perceptions, and desires.ResultsStudy abroad showed selection effects for higher Extraversion and Emotional Stability traits and developmental and socialization effects of increases in Openness behavior. Expected and perceived change corresponded with actual change (but desired change did not), and cultural adjustment predicted socially desirable trait‐relevant behavior before students' return home.ConclusionsStudy abroad was revealed as an environment wherein students both subjectively experienced and actually demonstrated changes in trait‐relevant behavior.
Endogenous leadership and sustainability of enhanced cooperation in a repeated interactions model of tax competition: Endogenous leadership in tax competition
Authors: Itaya Jun‐ichi , Yamaguchi Chikara 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this study, the endogenous timing of moves is analyzed in an infinitely repeated game setting of capital tax competition between a subgroup (a tax union) of countries agreeing on partial tax harmonization and outside countries. It is shown that in a subgame perfect equilibrium of the infinitely repeated tax competition game, they simultaneously set capital taxes in every stage game when a tax union comprises similar countries with respect to productivity, whereas they may set capital taxes sequentially in every stage game when a tax union comprises dissimilar countries. This finding is significantly different from Ogawa (2013), although we also assume that capital is owned by the country's residents, as in Ogawa's model. This is because a disadvantaged member country of the tax union would suffer from larger losses when a tax union comprising dissimilar countries, and thus the tax union will choose the strategy of moving Late for the sake of sustaining tax harmonization to avoid such losses.
The impact of dentists' availability in delivering dental care in Florida Elementary Schools
Authors: Ma Simin , Serban Nicoleta , Dehghanian Amin , Tomar Scott L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study evaluates the dentists' availability to deliver preventive dental care to children in schools and the impact of school‐based programs on access.MethodsThe study population included Florida elementary‐school children, differentiated by dental insurance (Medicaid, CHIP, private, or none). We considered the implementation of school‐based programs using optimization modeling to (re)allocate the dentists' caseload to schools to meet demand for preventive care under resource constraints. We considered multiple settings for school‐based program implementation: (i) school prioritization; and (ii) dentists' participation in public insurance. Statistical inference was used to identify communities to improve access and reduce disparities.ResultsSchool‐based programs reduced unmet demand (3%–12%), being more efficient if prioritizing schools in communities targeted to improve access. The access improvement varied by insurance status and geography. Uninsured urban children benefited most from school‐based programs, with 15%–75% unmet need reduction. The percentage of urban communities targeted to improve access decreased by 12% against no‐school program. Such percentage remained large for suburban (15%–100%) and rural (50%–100%) communities. Disparity in access for public‐insured vs. private‐insured children persisted under school‐based programs (32%–84% identified communities).ConclusionSchool‐based programs improve dental care access; the improvement was however different by insurance status, with uninsured children benefiting the most. Accounting to the dentists' availability in prioritizing schools resulted in effective resource allocation to school‐based programs. Access disparities between public and private‐insured children did not improve; school‐based programs shifted resources from public‐insured to uninsured. School‐based programs are effective in addressing access barriers to those children experiencing them most.
Early identification of heart failure deterioration through respiratory monitoring with adaptive servo‐ventilation
Authors: Fox Henrik , Rudolph Volker , Munt Oliver , Malouf Gordon , Graml Andrea , Bitter Thomas , Oldenburg Olaf 
Published: October 2022

SummaryCardiac decompensation is associated with worse prognosis in patients with heart failure. Reliable methods to predict cardiac decompensation events are not yet available. Sleep‐disordered breathing (SDB) is a frequent comorbidity in heart failure, and it has been shown to correlate with heart failure severity. This prospective observational trial investigated SDB characteristics in patients with heart failure with the aim to identify patterns that may predict early cardiac decompensation. Patients with heart failure with diagnosed SDB and hospitalised for cardiac decompensation were prospectively enrolled and treated with adaptive servo‐ventilation (ASV). SDB characteristics, daily body weight and clinical cardiac decompensation events were collected over a 1‐year follow‐up. Clinical events were categorised by an independent clinical event committee. A total of 43 patients were enrolled (81% male, mean [SD] age 71 [11] years, body mass index 30 kg/m2, 95% New York Heart Association function class III or IV, mean [SD] left ventricular ejection fraction 37% [11%], median apnea–hypopnoea index [AHI] of 37 events/h). A total of 48 cardiac decompensation events were recorded during the 1‐year study period. Respiratory rate was found to be significantly lower in patients with cardiac decompensation. The AHI and applied inspiratory pressure ASV‐device support were significantly increased 10 days before a clinical cardiac decompensation event. Device usage was also found to be significantly decreased 2 nights before cardiac decompensation. Device‐derived respiratory data in ASV therapy devices for SDB may therefore serve as a monitoring tool to predict early clinical cardiac decompensation events. Prediction and avoidance of cardiac decompensation, in turn, may attenuate serious health consequences in patients with heart failure.
Street‐level immigrant policy implementation: The role of school counselors
Authors: Lauby Fanny , Ross Kelly 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis article contributes to the literature on the pathways of incorporation of undocumented immigrants in the United States by providing insights into the perspectives of street‐level bureaucrats implementing policies seeking to increase college access at the state level. Results from a survey of public school counselors in New Jersey show that most counselors have limited knowledge of the policies that affect undocumented students' access to college, whether those policies concern attendance or eligibility for in‐state tuition and financial aid. Those who are familiar with these laws have usually sought specific professional development on their own rather than relying on training provided by their employers. The results also indicate that counselors who work in urban areas and in majority‐Latino institutions had greater knowledge of these policies than those working in suburban and rural areas or in predominantly white schools. This article highlights the role of place in the bureaucratic incorporation of undocumented immigrants at the state level, specifically investigating the type and level of services that this group receives in the public education system. We also contribute to the public policy literature by showing the effects of ad hoc implementation of inclusive policies by street‐level bureaucrats.
Associations between postprandial symptoms, hydrogen and methane production, and transit time in irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Algera Joost P. , Colomier Esther , Melchior Chloé , Hreinsson Jóhann P. , Midenfjord Irina , Clevers Egbert , Simrén Magnus , Törnblom Hans 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundAbnormal oroanal transit time (OATT) and visceral hypersensitivity are key pathophysiological factors in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The lactulose nutrient challenge test (LNCT) has been developed to assess the postprandial symptoms and gut microbial fermentation. We aimed to investigate associations between OATT, rectal sensitivity, and LNCT in IBS patients.MethodsWe included 263 IBS patients from two study cohorts, where the link between pathophysiology and symptoms was investigated. During the LNCT, severity of postprandial symptoms was graded, and breath hydrogen/methane concentrations were measured after ingestion of a combined lactulose nutrient drink every 15 min for 4 h. The patients underwent rectal sensitivity (rectal barostat) and OATT (radiopaque markers) investigations. Comorbid conditions (functional dyspepsia, anxiety, depression, and somatization) were assessed with questionnaires.Key ResultsAfter controlling for comorbid conditions, rectal sensitivity was associated with abdominal pain (p < 0.05), and more rapid OATT was associated with higher severity of abdominal discomfort, rumbling, nausea, and urgency (p < 0.05 for all) both pre‐ and post‐prandially. Postprandial nausea, urgency, and abdominal pain changed differently over time depending on OATT (p < 0.05 for all). OATT, but not rectal sensitivity, was associated with hydrogen and methane concentrations (p = 0.002 for both). Trajectories over time of postprandial symptoms and exhaled hydrogen/methane concentrations were correlated with different correlations depending on OATT.Conclusion and InferencesThis study highlights the importance of oroanal transit and hydrogen and methane production in the pathophysiology of IBS and increases our understanding of pathophysiological factors involved in postprandial symptom generation. Treatments targeting oroanal transit and hydrogen and methane production may improve specific postprandial symptoms.
Factors associated with reduced visual acuity in myopes with and without ocular pathologies after optical correction
Authors: Manoharan Manoj K. , Thakur Swapnil , Dellhi Subalakshmi , Verkicharla Pavan K. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPurposeConsidering that a certain proportion of high myopes have reduced visual acuity even after full optical correction, this study aimed to investigate the association between various refractive error components (sphere, cylinder and axis orientation) and reduced visual acuity in individuals with low to high myopia with and without pathologic myopia lesions.MethodsWe analysed data from randomly selected eyes of 11,258 individuals with myopia (mean ± SD spherical equivalent (SE) −3.2 ± 2.9D; range: −0.5D to −21.5D). In total, 10,528 individuals had no pathologic myopia lesions. Sphere, cylinder and SE refraction were classified into mild, moderate and high categories. Astigmatism was defined as with‐the‐rule, against‐the‐rule or oblique based on the axis orientation. Reduced best‐corrected visual acuity was defined as ≥0.18 logMAR. Logistic regression was performed to test factors associated with reduced visual acuity with and without pathologic myopia lesions.ResultOverall, 6.4% (N = 720/11,258) of myopes had reduced best‐corrected visual acuity. High sphere (≤−6.0D; Odd ratios [OR]: 16.1; 95% CI: 2.1–126.5), high cylinder (<−2.0 DC; OR: 2.5; 95% CI: 1.8–3.4), against‐the‐rule (OR: 1.5; 95% CI: 1.1–2.0) and oblique astigmatism (OR: 1.6; 95% CI: 1.2–2.1) were significantly (p ≤ 0.008) associated with reduced visual acuity in the absence of pathologic myopia lesions. Both moderate SE and high myopic SE were also associated with reduced visual acuity. In the presence of pathologic myopia lesions, tessellated fundus (OR: 6.9; 95% CI: 3.5–14.1), chorioretinal atrophy (OR: 7.7; 95% CI: 2.6–19.9) and choroidal neovascularisation (OR: 37.4; 95% CI: 3.3–419.3) were significantly (p ≤ 0.003) associated with reduced visual acuity.ConclusionEven after full optical correction, both refractive components and pathologic myopia lesions can independently cause reduced visual acuity, regardless of the degree of myopia.
The Classification of Axial Deformity in Patients with Basilar Invagination
Authors: He Qiting , Cao Jiankang , Tian Huichao , Chen Bin , Fan Xincheng , Wang Shaoyi , Zhao Yunpeng , Wei Jianlu , Nie Lin , Pan Xin , Cheng Lei 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveTo summarize the variation types of the axis in patients with basilar invagination (BI), then propose a classification scheme of the axis deformity.MethodsFrom December 2013 to September 2020, 92 patients (male 42, female 50) who were diagnosed with BI were studied retrospectively. Based on the imaging data of CT, the width and height of the axis pedicle and the sagittal diameter of the lateral mass were measured in each patient. According to the development of axis pedicle and lateral mass, the types of axis variation were summarized, and then the classification scheme of axis deformity was put forward.ResultsAll cases were analyzed and axis deformities were divided into four types. Type I: the axis is basically normal (53 cases, 57.6%). Type II: axis lateral mass is dysplasia (eight cases, 8.7%), which includes two subtypes: type IIA, the axis unilateral lateral mass is dysplasia (three cases); type IIB, the axis bilateral lateral masses are all dysplasia (five cases). Type III: axis pedicle is dysplasia (11 cases, 12%), which is subdivided into two subtypes: type IIIA, the axis unilateral pedicle is dysplasia (six cases); type IIIB, the axis bilateral pedicles are all dysplasia (five cases). Type IV: axis pedicle and lateral mass are all dysplasia (20 cases, 21.7%), this type contains the following four subtypes: type IVA, the unilateral axis pedicle and unilateral lateral mass (contralateral or ipsilateral) are all hypoplasia (four cases); type IVB, the unilateral axis pedicle and bilateral lateral masses are all hypoplasia (five cases); type IVC, the bilateral axis pedicles and unilateral lateral mass are all dysplasia (seven cases); type IVD, the bilateral axis pedicles and bilateral lateral masses are all dysplasia (four cases). The left and right abnormal lateral mass sagittal diameter (Type II) was (7.23 ± 1.39) mm and (5.96 ± 1.37) mm, respectively, the left and right abnormal pedicle width (Type III) was (2.61 ± 1.01) mm and (3.23 ± 0.66) mm, respectively, left and right abnormal pedicle height (Type III) was (5.43 ± 2.19) mm and (4.92 ± 1.76) mm, respectively. Moreover, the classification scheme has good repeatability and credibility.ConclusionsThe classification about axis deformity could provide personalized guidance for axis screw placement in the BI and other upper cervical surgery, and axis screw placement errors would be effectively avoided.
Effect of cholesterol‐loaded cyclodextrin treatment of bovine sperm on capacitation timing
Authors: LaVelle Gerica , Cairo Betsy , Barfield Jennifer P. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPre‐loading bovine sperm with cholesterol prior to freezing is known to increase cryosurvival, though the timing of capacitation in these sperm has not been evaluated. The objective of this study was to determine if there is a potential delay in capacitation timing in these sperm due to the increased cholesterol content. Flow cytometric evaluation was utilized to assess viability, and stain technology to assess acrosome intactness (Propidium Iodide/FITC‐PNA), intracellular calcium levels (Propidium Iodide/FLUO 3‐AM) and membrane fluidity (Merocyanine 540/YO‐PRO‐1). Cholesterol‐loaded cyclodextrin (CLC) (2 mg/mL) improved post‐thaw viability to 61% from 45% in control sperm (p < .05). The addition of ionomycin (0.05 mM) induced capacitation in sperm by 1 h, resulting in increased intracellular calcium and increased acrosome reaction, and consequently viability loss by 3 h. Treatment with CLC significantly decreased membrane fluidity in sperm (p < .05). In conclusion, CLC‐treated sperm required 1 h more to capacitate when compared with non‐treated sperm based on percentage of live cells with high membrane disorder (p < .05). Increased cryosurvival and viability over time was observed, but longer time to capacitate may hinder fertilization capacity and/or require adjustments to timing of in vitro fertilization.
Splanchnic‐cerebral oxygenation ratio associated with packed red blood cell transfusion in preterm infants
Authors: Balegar V Kiran Kumar , Jayawardhana Madhuka , de Chazal Philip , Nanan Ralph Kay Heinrich 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundSplanchnic‐cerebral oxygenation ratio (SCOR), the ratio of splanchnic tissue oxygen (StO2s) to simultaneously measured cerebral tissue oxygen (StO2c), has been described as a surrogate to detect impaired splanchnic oxygenation associated with hypoperfusion status such as necrotizing enterocolitis. This concept is based on the presumption that any change in SCOR indicates a corresponding change in splanchnic tissue oxygenation as the numerator, whereas cerebral tissue oxygenation as the denominator remains stable. However, it is questionable to utilise this concept to detect splanchnic oxygenation changes in the context of packed red blood cell transfusion (PRBCT).AimThe current study examines the contribution of both cerebral and splanchnic oxygenation components to PRBCT‐associated SCOR changes in preterm infants.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingNeonatal intensive care.PatientsHemodynamically stable infants: Gestation <32 weeks; birth weight <1500 g; postmenstrual age <37 weeks: tolerating ≥120 ml/kg/day feed volume.InterventionsPRBCT at 15 ml/kg, over 4 h.Main Outcome MeasuresTransfusion‐associated changes were determined by performing mixed models for repeated measures analysis between the 4‐h mean pre‐transfusion values (SCOR 0, StO2s 0, and StO2c 0) and the post‐transfusion hourly mean values for the next 28 h (SCOR 1–28, StO2s 1–28, and StO2c 1–28). Dunnett's method was used to adjust for the multiplicity of the p value.ResultsOf 30 enrolled infants 14 [46.7%] male; median [IQR] birth weight, 923 [655–1064] g; gestation, 26.4 [25.5–28.1] weeks; enrolment weight, 1549 [1113–1882] g; and postmenstrual age, 33.6 [32.4–35.0] weeks, one infant was excluded because of corrupted NIRS data. With the commencement of PRBCT, SCOR demonstrated a downward trend throughout the study period. This drift was associated with an increasing StO2c trend, while StO2s remained unchanged throughout the study period.Conclusions and RelevancePRBCT‐associated SCOR decrease suggests improvement in cerebral oxygenation rather than worsening splanchnic oxygenation. Our study underlines that it is necessary to determine individual components of SCOR, namely cerebral and splanchnic StO2 to understand SCOR changes in the context of PRBCT.
Characteristics of Self-Excited Vibration of Vertical Rotating Shaft System Considering Amplitude Dependent Nonlinearity of Sliding Bearing
Authors: Watanabe Yusuke , Inoue Tsuyoshi 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Journal sliding bearings are often used to support rotating machinery to add damping and increase load capacity. These bearings have strong nonlinearities that can cause vibration problems. Various studies have been conducted on vibration phenomena caused by nonlinearities in journal sliding bearings. However, most of these studies have been on horizontally supported rotating machines. Some of these techniques are difficult to apply to vertically supported rotating machines. The most significant difference between horizontal and vertical support is that the weight of the rotor does not act on the journal sliding bearing in the case of vertical support. Therefore, it is not appropriate to use the horizontal journal sliding bearing theory based on the equilibrium point for the vertical shaft rather it should be considered based on the whirling orbit. In this paper, the nonlinear rotor dynamics of vertical rotating machines with journal sliding bearings are investigated and evaluated by theoretical and numerical analyses and experiments of a simple vertical rotating shaft. As a result, some new destabilization and stabilization phenomena are found in the vertical shaft system, and it is clarified that they cannot be predicted by the conventional linear analysis around the equilibrium point but can be predicted by the nonlinear dynamical analysis of the whirling orbit. Particularly, these destabilization and stabilization phenomena of the vertical shaft system are strongly affected by the magnitude of the vibration in the journal sliding bearing due to its nonlinearity, and the unbalance of the rotating body can be a parameter to control them.