bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real-world performance, long-term efficacy, and absence of bias in the artificial intelligence enhanced electrocardiogram to detect left ventricular systolic dysfunction
Authors: Harmon David M , Carter Rickey E , Cohen-Shelly Michal , Svatikova Anna , Adedinsewo Demilade A , Noseworthy Peter A , Kapa Suraj , Lopez-Jimenez Francisco , Friedman Paul A , Attia Zachi I 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Aims
Some artificial intelligence models applied in medical practice require ongoing retraining, introduce unintended racial bias, or have variable performance among different subgroups of patients. We assessed the real-world performance of the artificial intelligence-enhanced electrocardiogram to detect left ventricular systolic dysfunction with respect to multiple patient and electrocardiogram variables to determine the algorithm’s long-term efficacy and potential bias in the absence of retraining.

Methods and results
Electrocardiograms acquired in 2019 at Mayo Clinic in Minnesota, Arizona, and Florida with an echocardiogram performed within 14 days were analyzed (n = 44 986 unique patients). The area under the curve (AUC) was calculated to evaluate performance of the algorithm among age groups, racial and ethnic groups, patient encounter location, electrocardiogram features, and over time. The artificial intelligence-enhanced electrocardiogram to detect left ventricular systolic dysfunction had an AUC of 0.903 for the total cohort. Time series analysis of the model validated its temporal stability. Areas under the curve were similar for all racial and ethnic groups (0.90–0.92) with minimal performance difference between sexes. Patients with a ‘normal sinus rhythm’ electrocardiogram (n = 37 047) exhibited an AUC of 0.91. All other electrocardiogram features had areas under the curve between 0.79 and 0.91, with the lowest performance occurring in the left bundle branch block group (0.79).

Conclusion
The artificial intelligence-enhanced electrocardiogram to detect left ventricular systolic dysfunction is stable over time in the absence of retraining and robust with respect to multiple variables including time, patient race, and electrocardiogram features.
Duration of antiplatelet therapy after complex percutaneous coronary intervention in patients at high bleeding risk: a MASTER DAPT trial sub-analysis
Authors: Valgimigli Marco , Smits Pieter C , Frigoli Enrico , Bongiovanni Dario , Tijssen Jan , Hovasse Thomas , Mafragi Al , Ruifrok Willem Theodoor , Karageorgiev Dimitar , Aminian Adel , Garducci Stefano , Merkely Bela , Routledge Helen , Ando Kenji , Diaz Fernandez Josè Francisco , Cuisset Thomas , Nesa Malik Fazila Tun , Halabi Majdi , Belle Loic , Din Jehangir , Beygui Farzin , Abhyankar Atul , Reczuch Krzysztof , Pedrazzini Giovanni , Heg Dik , Vranckx Pascal ,   MASTER DAPT Investigators
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Aim
To assess the effects of 1- or ≥3-month dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) in high bleeding risk (HBR) patients who received biodegradable-polymer sirolimus-eluting stents for complex percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and/or acute coronary syndrome (ACS).

Methods and results
In the MASTER DAPT trial, 3383 patients underwent non-complex (abbreviated DAPT, n = 1707; standard DAPT, n = 1676) and 1196 complex (abbreviated DAPT, n = 588; standard DAPT, n = 608) PCI. Co-primary outcomes at 335 days were net adverse clinical events [NACE; composite of all-cause death, myocardial infarction, stroke, and bleeding academic research consortium (BARC) 3 or 5 bleeding events]; major adverse cardiac or cerebral events (MACCE; all-cause death, myocardial infarction, and stroke); and Types 2, 3, or 5 BARC bleeding. Net adverse clinical events and MACCE did not differ with abbreviated vs. standard DAPT among patients with complex [hazard ratio (HR): 1.03, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.69–1.52, and HR: 1.24, 95% CI: 0.79–1.92, respectively] and non-complex PCI (HR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.71–1.15, and HR: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.69–1.21; Pinteraction = 0.60 and 0.26, respectively). BARC 2, 3, or 5 was reduced with abbreviated DAPT in patients with and without complex PCI (HR: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.42–0.98, and HR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.55–0.89; Pinteraction = 0.72). Among the 2816 patients with complex PCI and/or ACS, NACE and MACCE did not differ and BARC 2, 3, or 5 was lower with abbreviated DAPT.

Conclusion
In HBR patients free from recurrent ischaemic events at 1 month, DAPT discontinuation was associated with similar NACE and MACCE and lower bleeding rates compared with standard DAPT, regardless of PCI or patient complexity.

Clinical Trial Registration
This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT03023020, and is closed to new participants, with follow-up completed.
Algorithmic Agents in the Hybrid Media System: Social Bots, Selective Amplification, and Partisan News about COVID-19
Authors: Duan Zening , Li Jianing , Lukito Josephine , Yang Kai-Cheng , Chen Fan , Shah Dhavan V , Yang Sijia 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Social bots, or algorithmic agents that amplify certain viewpoints and interact with selected actors on social media, may influence online discussion, news attention, or even public opinion through coordinated action. Previous research has documented the presence of bot activities and developed detection algorithms. Yet, how social bots influence attention dynamics of the hybrid media system remains understudied. Leveraging a large collection of both tweets (N = 1,657,551) and news stories (N = 50,356) about the early COVID-19 pandemic, we employed bot detection techniques, structural topic modeling, and time series analysis to characterize the temporal associations between the topics Twitter bots tend to amplify and subsequent news coverage across the partisan spectrum. We found that bots represented 8.98% of total accounts, selectively promoted certain topics and predicted coverage aligned with partisan narratives. Our macro-level longitudinal description highlights the role of bots as algorithmic communicators and invites future research to explain micro-level causal mechanisms.
An investigation of the relationship between the performance and management practices of health facilities under a performance-based financing scheme in Nigeria
Authors: Mabuchi Shunsuke , Alonge Olakunle , Tsugawa Yusuke , Bennett Sara 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Whereas the effect of performance-based financing (PBF) on improving the quantity and quality of health services has been established, little is known about what matters for health facilities to improve performance under a PBF scheme. This study examined the associations between management practices and the performance of primary healthcare centres (PHCCs) under a PBF scheme in Nigeria. This study utilized longitudinal data on monthly institutional deliveries and outpatient visits collected between December 2011 and March 2016 from 111 randomly selected PHCCs in Adamawa, Ondo and Nasarawa states of Nigeria. A management practices scorecard, based on a health facility survey conducted in April/May 2016, was used to derive management practices scores for the 111 PHCCs. The management practices examined included activities to recruit and retain clients, staff’s attention to performance targets, listening and responding to client feedback, teamwork building and addressing low-performing staff. A multilevel, multilinear regression model was used to investigate the associations between health facility performance (monthly number of institutional deliveries and outpatient visits) and management practices at the PHCCs, adjusting for key control variables (number of skilled health workers, the size of PHCC catchment population, PHCC quality score, seasonality and states). Following PBF introduction, PHCCs with medium management scores had 0.42 (95% CI 0.18–0.65; P &lt; 0.001) and 9.93 (95% CI 6.15–13.71; P &lt; 0.001) higher monthly improvement rates for institutional delivery and outpatient visits, respectively, compared to the PHCCs with low management scores. Also, the PHCCs with high management scores had 0.49 (95% CI 0.28–0.70; P &lt; 0.001) and 5.10 (95% CI 1.76–8.44; P &lt; 0.003) higher monthly improvement rates for institutional delivery and outpatient visits compared to the PHCCs with low management scores. These findings suggest the importance of management practices in facilitating the effect of PBF on health facility performance and the need to strengthen PHCC management practices in low- and middle-income countries.
Impairment of root auxin–cytokinins homeostasis induces collapse of incompatible melon grafts during fruit ripening
Authors: Camalle Maria Dolores , Pěnčík Aleš , Novák Ondřej , Zhao Lina , Zurgil Udi , Fait Aaron , Tel-Zur Noemi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The factors underlying the plant collapse of certain melon-pumpkin graft combinations are not fully understood. Our working hypothesis was that impairment of photoassimilates transport in incompatible combinations induces an imbalance in the homeostasis of root auxin (indole-3-acetic acid; IAA) and of cytokinins, probably triggering plant collapse. Root IAA and cytokinins levels in the presence and absence of fruit and changes in root and scion metabolites were investigated in compatible and incompatible combinations. We showed elevated levels of IAA, 2-oxoindole-3-acetic acid (IAA catabolite), indole-3-acetylaspartate (IAA conjugate), and cis-zeatin-type cytokinins, but low levels of trans-zeatin-type cytokinins in the roots of plants of the incompatible combination during fruit ripening. Similarly, during fruit ripening, the expression of the YUCCA genes, YUC2, YUC6, and YUC11 (required for auxin biosynthesis), the GRETCHEN-HAGEN3 gene (required for auxin conjugation), and the cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase 7 (CKX7) gene (regulates the irreversible degradation of cytokinin) was enhanced in the roots of plants of the incompatible combination. Moreover, in the incompatible combination the fruiting process restricted transport of photoassimilates to the rootstock and induces their accumulation in the scion. In addition, high levels of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde and reduced activity of antioxidant enzymes were observed in the roots of the incompatible graft. Our results showed that the collapse of the incompatible graft combination during fruit ripening is closely associated with a dramatic accumulation of IAA in the roots, which probably elicits oxidative damage and disturbs the balance of IAA and cytokinins that is of critical importance in melon-pumpkin graft compatibility.
Quantitative proteomic sequencing of F
1 hybrid populations reveals the function of sorbitol in apple resistance to Botryosphaeria dothidea
Authors: He Xiaowen , Meng Hui , Wang Haibo , He Ping , Chang Yuansheng , Wang Sen , Wang Chuanzeng , Li Linguang , Wang Chen 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Apple ring rot, which is caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea, is one of the most devastating diseases of apple. However, the lack of a known molecular resistance mechanism limits the development of resistance breeding. Here, the ‘Golden Delicious’ and ‘Fuji Nagafu No. 2’ apple cultivars were crossed, and a population of 194 F1 individuals was generated. The hybrids were divided into five categories according to their differences in B. dothidea resistance during three consecutive years. Quantitative proteomic sequencing was performed to analyze the molecular mechanism of the apple response to B. dothidea infection. Hierarchical clustering and weighted gene coexpression network analysis revealed that photosynthesis was significantly correlated with the resistance of apple to B. dothidea. The level of chlorophyll fluorescence in apple functional leaves increased progressively as the level of disease resistance improved. However, the content of soluble sugar decreased with the improvement of disease resistance. Further research revealed that sorbitol, the primary photosynthetic product, played major roles in apple resistance to B. dothidea. Increasing the content of sorbitol by overexpressing MdS6PDH1 dramatically enhanced resistance of apple calli to B. dothidea by activating the expression of salicylic acid signaling pathway-related genes. However, decreasing the content of sorbitol by silencing MdS6PDH1 showed the opposite phenotype. Furthermore, exogenous sorbitol treatment partially restored the resistance of MdS6PDH1-RNAi lines to B. dothidea. Taken together, these findings reveal that sorbitol is an important metabolite that regulates the resistance of apple to B. dothidea and offer new insights into the mechanism of plant resistance to pathogens.
Energy-saving contribution of the thermochromic coating in exterior walls in hot-summer and cold-winter zone
Authors: Meng Xi , Meng Li , Wang Jiahui 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this study, the improvement efficiency of the thermochromic coating was analyzed comprehensively on the thermal performance of exterior walls by regulating solar radiation absorptivity in the hot-summer and cold-winter zone. The heat transfer model with the dynamic radiation absorptivity was built by The ANSYS 16.0 software, while the heat transfer process of the exterior wall was simulated numerically in the whole year. Numerical results showed the thermochromic coating exerted the regulation ability on the solar radiation absorptivity with 80% to enhance the heat gain during winter and 20% to dampen the heat gain during summer. Due to the regulation ability of the thermochromic coating, the maximum and average temperatures in outer surfaces were increased by 1.68°C~6.96°C and 1.24°C~1.92°C in winter, while they were lowered by 13.10°C~13.45°C and 3.09°C~4.42°C in summer. The load reduction efficiency of the thermochromic coating was the most obvious in summer, followed by winter and the worst in the transition season. In the transition season, the thermochromic coating had the small benefit and even the negative effect on the wall thermal performance. From the view of the whole year, the cooling and heating loads were reduced by 10.93% and 16.36%, respectively, due to employing the thermochromic coating.
Evaluation of lipid sources and emulsifier addition on fat digestion of yellow-feathered broilers
Authors: Ye Xiaomeng , Yu Yao , Chen Jiang , Zou Yi , Liu Songbai , Tan Huize , Zhao Feng , Wang Yuming 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of an emulsifier on the energetic values of lipids fed to yellow-feathered chickens and established prediction equations for the metabolizable energy (ME) of lipids fed with and without an emulsifier. One hundred and ninety-two Chinese yellow-feathered roosters [Wen’s Yellow A; initial body weight (BW) = 2.37 ± 0.33 kg] were individually weighed, divided into four BW blocks, and randomly assigned within block to the 16 dietary treatments with replicates of three roosters. The diets consisted of a corn basal diet or the basal diet supplemented with 8% of corn oil (CO), soybean oil (SO), cottonseed oil (CSO), rice bran oil (RBO), palm oil (PO), modified palm oil (MPO), or lard were evaluated with or without an emulsifier (0.02% of diet) in an 8 × 2 factorial arrangement. Diets were fed for 8 d, with 4 d for adaptation to diets and another 4 d for excreta collection. There was an interaction between lipid sources and emulsifier on ME (apparent ME and N-corrected apparent ME) of the lipids (P &lt; 0.05). Addition of 0.02% emulsifier had no effect on the ME of CO, SO, PO, or lard, but reduced the ME of CSO (P &lt; 0.05) and MPO (P &lt; 0.05), and tended to increase the ME of RBO (0.05 ≤ P &lt; 0.10). There was a quadratic relationship between ME and concentration of stearic (C18:0) (P &lt; 0.05) or linoleic acid (C18:2) (0.05 ≤ P &lt; 0.10), and a linear function between ME and concentration of oleic acid (C18:1) or monounsaturated fatty acids (P &lt; 0.05) in diets without emulsifier. The ME of lipids could be predicted by the concentration of C18:0 with C18:1 or with monounsaturated fatty acid without an emulsifier. With an emulsifier, the ME concentration was affected linearly by the concentration of myristic acid (C14:0), palmitic acid (C16:0), C18:2, polyunsaturated fatty acids, unsaturated fatty acids, saturated fatty acids, and the ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids (U:S) (P &lt; 0.05). Prediction equations for the ME of lipid were established on the content of C18:0, C16:0, C14:0, SFA, and U:S. These results indicated that the ME of RBO is positively affected by emulsifiers, but the ME of CSO and MPO declines with emulsifiers. These inconsistent results may be influenced by the relationship between ME and concentration of fatty acid across sources of dietary lipids.
History and self-reflection in the teaching of international law
Authors: Jones Henry , O’Donoghue Aoife 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This article is about how international law, and specifically its history, is taught. The article critiques the pedagogy in this area by analysis of textbooks, and then considers the contexts in which international legal texts are written, taught and read. In light of this we suggest how to teach the history of international law, and international law in general, better.
Selecting a complete sample of blazars in sub-millimetre catalogues
Authors: Massardi M , Bonato M , López-Caniego M , Galluzzi V , De Zotti G , Bonavera L , González-Nuevo J , Lapi A , Liuzzo E 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
The Herschel Astrophysical Terahertz Large Area Survey (H-ATLAS), which has covered about 642 sq. deg. in five bands from 100 to 500 $\mu \rm m$, allows a blind flux-limited selection of blazars at sub-mm wavelengths. However, blazars constitute a tiny fraction of H-ATLAS sources and therefore identifying them is not a trivial task. Using the data on known blazars detected by the H-ATLAS, we have defined a locus for 500 $\mu$m selected blazars and exploited it to select blazar candidates in the H-ATLAS fields. Candidates and known blazars in the H-ATLAS equatorial and South Galactic Pole fields were followed up with the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) or with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA), and matched with existing radio- and mm-catalogues to reconstruct the spectral behaviour over at least six orders of magnitude in frequency. We identified a selection approach that, combining the information in the sub-mm and radio domains, efficiently singles out genuine blazars. In this way, we identified a sample of 39 blazars brighter than $S_{500\mu \rm m} = 35\,$mJy in the H-ATLAS fields. Tests made cross-matching the H-ATLAS catalogues with large catalogues of blazar candidates indicate that the sample is complete. The derived counts are compared with model predictions finding good consistency with the C2Ex model and with estimates based on ALMA data.
Radio pulsar beam geometry at lower frequencies: bright sources outside the Arecibo sky
Authors: Rankin Joanna 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
We present pulsar emission beam analyses and models in an effort to examine pulsar geometry and physics at the lowest frequencies scattering permits. We consider two populations of well-studied pulsars that lie outside the Arecibo sky, the first drawing on the Jodrell Bank Gould & Lyne survey down to –35° declination and a second using Parkes surveys in the far south. These assemble the full sky population of 487 pulsars known before the late 1990s which conveniently all have ‘B’ names. We make full use of the core/double-cone emission beam model to assess its efficacy at lower frequencies, and we outline how different pair plasma sources probably underlie its validity. The analysis shows that with a very few exceptions pulsar radio emission beams can be modeled quantitatively with two concentric conal beams and a core beam of regular angular dimensions at 1 GHz. Further, the beamforms at lower frequencies change progressively in size but not in configuration. Pulsar emission-beam properties divide strongly depending on whether the plasma excitation is central within the polar fluxtube producing a core beam or peripheral along the edges generating conal beams, and this seems largely determined by whether their spin-down energy is greater or less than about 1032.5 ergs s−1. Core emission dominated pulsars tend concentrate closely along the Galactic plane and in the direction of the Galactic center; whereas conal pulsars are somewhat more uniformly distributed both in Galactic longitude and latitude. Core dominated pulsars also tend to be more distant and particularly so in the inner Galaxy region.
Galaxy blending effects in deep imaging cosmic shear probes of cosmology
Authors: Nourbakhsh Erfan , Tyson J Anthony , Schmidt Samuel J ,   The LSST Dark Energy Science Collaboration, Armstrong Bob , Burchat Patricia , Sánchez Javier 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTUpcoming deep imaging surveys such as the Vera C. Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time will be confronted with challenges that come with increased depth. One of the leading systematic errors in deep surveys is the blending of objects due to higher surface density in the more crowded images; a considerable fraction of the galaxies which we hope to use for cosmology analyses will overlap each other on the observed sky. In order to investigate these challenges, we emulate blending in a mock catalogue consisting of galaxies at a depth equivalent to 1.3 yr of the full 10-yr Rubin Observatory that includes effects due to weak lensing, ground-based seeing, and the uncertainties due to extraction of catalogues from imaging data. The emulated catalogue indicates that approximately 12 per cent of the observed galaxies are ‘unrecognized’ blends that contain two or more objects but are detected as one. Using the positions and shears of half a billion distant galaxies, we compute shear–shear correlation functions after selecting tomographic samples in terms of both spectroscopic and photometric redshift bins. We examine the sensitivity of the cosmological parameter estimation to unrecognized blending employing both jackknife and analytical Gaussian covariance estimators. An ∼0.025 decrease in the derived structure growth parameter S8 = σ8(Ωm/0.3)0.5 is seen due to unrecognized blending in both tomographies with a slight additional bias for the photo-z-based tomography. This bias is greater than the 2σ statistical error in measuring S8.
Hermeian haloes: Field haloes that interacted with both the Milky Way and M31
Authors: Newton Oliver , Libeskind Noam I , Knebe Alexander , Sánchez-Conde Miguel A , Sorce Jenny G , Pilipenko Sergey , Steinmetz Matthias , Pakmor Rüdiger , Tempel Elmo , Hoffman Yehuda , Vogelsberger Mark 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
The Local Group is a unique environment in which to study the astrophysics of galaxy formation. The proximity of the Milky Way and M31 enhances the frequency of interactions of the low-mass halo population with more massive dark matter haloes, which increases their concentrations and strips them of gas and other material. Some low-mass haloes pass through the haloes of the Milky Way or M31 and are either ejected into the field or exchanged between the two primary hosts. We use high resolution gas-dynamical simulations to describe a new class of field haloes that passed through the haloes of both the Milky Way and M31 at early times and are almost twice as concentrated as field haloes that do not interact with the primary pair. These ‘Hermeian’ haloes are distributed anisotropically at larger distances from the Local Group barycentre than the primary haloes and appear to cluster along the line connecting the Milky Way and M31. Hermeian haloes facilitate the exchange of dark matter, gas, and stars between the Milky Way and M31 and can enhance the star formation rates of the gas in the primary haloes during their interactions with them. We also show that some Hermeian haloes can host galaxies that, because they are embedded in haloes that are more concentrated than regular field haloes, are promising targets for indirect dark matter searches beyond the Milky Way virial radius and can produce signals that are competitive with those of some dwarf galaxies. Hermeian galaxies in the Local Group should be detectable by forthcoming wide-field imaging surveys.