bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Racemic and Enantiopure Forms of β-Carboline Alkaloid Brevicolline
Authors: Milen Mátyás , Szabó Tímea , Görür Funda Lidya , Horváth Simon , Volk Balázs 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA new total synthesis of the pharmacologically active β-carboline alkaloid brevicolline is described. The new synthetic approach is based on a commercially available and inexpensive starting material and reagents leading to a practical synthesis of the racemic target molecule, the natural (S)-enantiomer, and its antipode. Initially, the construction of the β-carboline skeleton and functionalization at the C(4) position have been accomplished. The formation of dihydropyrrole structural unit was obtained as the result of an Au-catalyzed hydroamination reaction, which was followed by a reduction that led to the chiral intermediate. The synthetic route described here is developed to ensure the sustainable access of the racemic brevicolline in 11 steps with improved 48% overall yield compared to the previously reported methods.
Simultaneous Bilateral Reconstruction of the Axilla with Posterior Arm Flap in Recurrent Hidradenitis Suppurativa
Authors: M. Kingsly Paul , Ete Geley , J. Felix Cordelia M. , Akamanchi Anirudha K. , Agarwal Shwetha 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Introduction Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory disease, with the axilla being the most commonly affected site. Radical excision of the involved tissue is a definitive treatment. There are numerous techniques described for the reconstruction of the axilla.
Patients and methods Patients with axillary HS who underwent wide excision and posterior arm flap cover between August 2017 and December 2020 were reviewed.
Results A total of 15 flaps were done in eight patients in the study period. Bilateral radical excision of the disease was done simultaneously in all eight patients with the help of a two-team approach. Reconstruction of the axilla was done with a posterior arm flap bilaterally, except one side in a single patient, wherein the split-thickness skin graft was performed. All flaps settled well without significant complications. On follow-up ranging from 12 to 42 months, one patient complained of disease recurrence on one side. The flap and the donor site had settled well in all patients, causing no significant morbidity.
Conclusion Radical excision of axillary hidradenitis must be considered early on presentation. After wide excision, simultaneous bilateral reconstruction with posterior arm flap is a simple and reliable technique with an excellent patient-reported outcome.
Sepsis and Septic Shock: Evolving Evidence, Evolving Paradigms
Authors: Shorr Andrew F. , Zilberberg Marya D. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSepsis and septic shock represent important infection-related medical emergencies that result in significant morbidity and mortality. The prevalence and microbiology of these processes are evolving. Nonetheless, timely and appropriate antibiotic therapy continues to represent the most important determinant of survival. Recent trials have clarified that crystalloids are preferred for initial resuscitation, and balanced crystalloids appear superior to 0.9% saline. Controversy remains regarding not only the rate and rapidity of fluid resuscitation but also about the timing and use of vasopressors to maintain blood pressure. While some newer alternative vasopressors may have a role in sepsis, more evidence supporting their use is required. Conflicting data exist regarding the impact of corticosteroids on mortality in septic shock. However, these reports indicate that adjunctive hydrocortisone can lead to more rapid shock reversal.
Microbiology Assessments in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Brink Adrian John , Centner Chad M. , Opperman Stefan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe prevalence of suspected or proven infections in critically ill patients is high, with a substantial attributable risk to in-hospital mortality. Coordinated guidance and interventions to improve the appropriate microbiological assessment for diagnostic and therapeutic decisions are therefore pivotal. Conventional microbiology follows the paradigm of “best practice” of specimen selection and collection, governed by laboratory processing and standard operating procedures, and informed by the latest developments and trends. In this regard, the preanalytical phase of a microbiological diagnosis is crucial since inadequate sampling may result in the incorrect diagnosis and inappropriate management. In addition, the isolation and detection of contaminants interfere with multiple intensive care unit (ICU) processes, which confound the therapeutic approach to critically ill patients. To facilitate bedside enablement, the microbiology laboratory should provide expedited feedback, reporting, and interpretation of results. Compared with conventional microbiology, novel rapid and panel-based diagnostic strategies have the clear advantages of a rapid turnaround time, the detection of many microorganisms including antimicrobial resistant determinants and thus promise substantial improvements in health care. However, robust data on the clinical evaluation of rapid diagnostic tests in presumed sepsis, sepsis and shock are extremely limited and more rigorous intervention studies, focusing on direct benefits for critically ill patients, are pivotal before widespread adoption of their use through the continuum of ICU stay. Advocating the use of these diagnostics without firmly establishing which patients would benefit most, how to interpret the results, and how to treat according to the results obtained, could in fact be counterproductive with regards to diagnostic “best practice” and antimicrobial stewardship. Thus, for the present, they may supplement but not yet supplant conventional microbiological assessments.
Innovative Method to Retrieve Misplaced Guidewires Using Guidewires and Balloons
Authors: Chauhan Udit , Sharma Pankaj , Ahlawat Saransh , Tayal Mohit 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCentral venous catheters (CVC) are placed commonly for long-term access in critically ill patients for injecting medicines, including chemotherapy in oncology patients, and for total parenteral nutrition. We herein describe innovative method of snaring two misplaced guidewires using balloons and guidewires.
Is Low-Dose Abiraterone for Prostate Cancer An Attractive Strategy for Limited Resource Settings?
Authors: Dey Treshita , Goyal Shikha , Periasamy Kannan , Madan Renu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAbiraterone acetate in combination with prednisone is approved for locally advanced as well as metastatic (hormone-sensitive and castrate-resistant) prostate cancer, with overall or disease-free survival gains in suitable patients. Long-term use poses a significant financial strain on the self-paying patients as well as the national health insurance schemes. Abiraterone is known to be a drug with a high “food effect” with increased bioavailability following high fat diet. Some retrospective series and phase 1 and 2 clinical studies have explored the use of low-dose abiraterone (at 25% of standard dose) with high fat meal with similar bioavailability and biochemical response to the standard drug dose. We review and report the available literature for this approach and discuss the financial and scientific implications of the same.
Evaluation of Efficacy of Endovenous Radio Frequency Ablation for Varicose Veins in Industrial Workers—A Prospective Study
Authors: Karanam Venkata Pavan Kumar , Sude Nandkishor Sopan Rao , Gurijala Prasanth , Teppa Ravi Kumar , S. Madan H. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroduction The disease of varicose veins is a common vascular condition affecting one out of five in world population. Although conventional surgical treatments were considered the gold standard, they were fraught with many complications. Endovenous thermal interventions like endovenous radio frequency ablation (RFA) have largely superseded traditional surgery as the gold standard treatment as it is minimally invasive. Our initial experience with this treatment modality is presented along with the review of literature.Aim Our aim was to evaluate the efficacy, safety, clinical outcomes, and health economic benefits of endovenous RFA for varicose veins in our setup.Materials and Methods It was a prospective observational study conducted by the Department of General surgery at ESIC Medical College and Hospital, Hyderabad, India, from September 2020 to February 2021. Thirty consecutive patients with primary varicose veins were evaluated by detailed history, clinical examination, and venous Doppler study of the lower limbs. The procedure was performed under spinal anesthesia and Doppler ultrasound guidance using the ClosureFast (Medtronic) radio frequency segmental ablation system. Additionally, multiple stab phlebectomies were performed to deal with tributary varices in required cases. Various intraoperative (length of vein ablated and operative time) and postoperative (complications and return to work) variables were studied. Postoperative follow-up at 1,8,24 weeks was done clinically and using Doppler ultrasound to look for the recanalization of vein. The collected data were entered in Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and analyzed using descriptive statistics.Results The mean (standard deviation) age of patients was 39.1 (8.7) years. Ten patients had C2 disease, six C3, eleven C4, and three had C6 disease. The mean postoperative visual analog scale score on day 1 was 1.4. Mean return to normal activity time was 1.3 days. Average return to work time was 2.1 days. The post-procedure total occlusion rate at 24 weeks follow-up was 96%.Conclusion Endovenous RFA is a safe and effective minimally invasive modality for treating lower limb varicose veins, providing health economic benefits to patients.
Experience and Preparedness of Medical Emergency among Dentists of Private Dental Teaching Hospitals of Lahore
Authors: Tariq Khaloud , Wajahat Mehrin , Hassan Muhammad , Arif Aqsa 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Objective Handling medical emergency in a dental clinic requires skill and specialized equipment, without which a patient's life can be in jeopardy. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of medical emergencies in dental teaching hospitals and assess the preparedness of dental professionals with regard to the handling of emergency and the equipment available for that.
Materials and Methods This is a cross-sectional study employing nonprobability sampling. Data were collected from dental surgeons working in clinical specialties of five dental teaching hospitals of Lahore, Pakistan. A validated questionnaire was adopted from another study evaluating emergency prevalence and preparedness. Chi square test was used to assess significant associations among categorical variables while independent samples t-test and one-way analysis of variance were used to compare mean values among different groups.
Results Prevalence of medical emergencies encountered was 7.9%. About 45% of emergency events occurred during treatment. Hypoglycemia was reported to be the most encountered medical emergency, 83 (37%). Equipment that were available in most departments were stethoscope (81.8%), sphygmomanometer (79.7%), and oxygen cylinder (74.0%). Medications that were readily present were epinephrine (88.1%), glucose (83.2%), and aspirin (76.2%). Seventy-six (53.1%) respondents were not very well prepared to manage a presenting emergency. Twenty-two (85.3%) respondents suggested hands-on courses to improve their skills. About 56 (39.2%) respondents revealed that their departments were not well equipped to handle medical emergencies.
Conclusion Most dentists will get to experience an emergency event during their practice for which they may be underprepared and lack appropriate skill and certainty in management. It also portrays serious lack of preparedness in the supporting staff as well as clinics being deficient in important emergency medication and equipment.
Gynecologic Oncology: On the Shoulders of Giants
Authors: Kulkarni Rohini , Gupta Sudeep , Maheshwari Amita 
Published: February 2022

AbstractGynecologic oncology is considered a new field, but its roots are buried deep in the past. As with other tumors, the earliest progress in modern times started with anesthesia and surgery. This was followed by landmark achievements in pathology, cytology, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, tumor virology, generation of high-quality evidence, and, more recently, genetics and genomics. Some of the most notable progresses in gynecologic cancers have been made by integrating the expertise of various specialties in multimodality management approaches. In this article we review the most important milestones in the history of gynecologic oncology and acknowledge the contributions of pioneers who made these possible.
Alkalosis-induced hypoventilation in cystic fibrosis: The importance of efficient renal adaptation
Authors: Berg Peder , Andersen Jesper Frank , Sørensen Mads Vaarby , Wang Tobias , Malte Hans , Leipziger Jens 
Published: February 2022

SignificanceIn conditions when our blood experiences alkalosis, a pronounced kidney response is initiated causing a marked increase of urine base excretion. We recently discovered the cellular physiology of this, which employs fast activation of the base-secreting β-intercalated cells of the collecting duct. This function is fully dependent on the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), the anion channel defective in CF. Hence, CF patients and mice cannot efficiently excrete an acute base load. Here, we find that the inability of fast urinary base removal in the CF mouse model causes a marked inhibition of ventilation. This study provides physiological insights into acid–base regulation and may have important implications for CF patients who are already burdened with reduced lung function.
Intragenic suppressors unravel the role of the SCREAM ACT-like domain for bHLH partner selectivity in stomatal development
Authors: Seo Hyemin , Sepuru Krishna Mohan , Putarjunan Aarthi , Aguirre Lyndsey , Burrows Benjamin A. , Torii Keiko U. 
Published: February 2022

Significance
Whether animal neurons or plant cellular valves (called stomata), specialized cell-type differentiation is directed by the lineage-specific basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) transcription factors that typically form heterodimers with ubiquitous bHLH proteins. How does a broadly expressed bHLH protein switch its lineage-specific heterodimeric partners? Here we identify a structural module, called the ACT-like domain, in the plant bHLH protein SCREAM. This domain plays a role in partner bHLH selectivity and is critical for the proliferation-to-differentiation switch within the cell lineages to make stomata, plant cellular valves for gas exchange and water control. Our work provides mechanistic insight into how plant transcription factors control cell-fate specification through an unanticipated heterodimeric partner selectivity interface.
Commercially available chromophores as low-cost efficient electron injection layers for organic light emitting diodes
Authors: Verykios Apostolis , Soultati Anastasia , Tourlouki Konstantina , Katsogridakis Charalampos , Alexandropoulos Dimitris , Vidali Veroniki P , Panagiotakis Stylianos , Yannakopoulou Konstantina , Dimotikali Dimitra , Fakis Mihalis , Palilis Leonidas C , Stathopoulos Nikolaos , Pistolis George , Skandamis Panagiotis N , Argitis Panagiotis , Vasilopoulou Maria 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFurther advancements in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) using commercially available, low-cost materials is of high significance. Here, we report the application of commercially available chromophores as room temperature processed electron injection layers (EILs) in the conventional OLED architecture. The facile solution-processing of these chromophores, namely, 4‐dimethylamino‐4′‐nitrostilbene (DANS) and 1‐(4‐(dimethylamino)phenyl)‐6‐phenyl‐1,3,5‐hexatriene, along with the presence of nitrogen atom in their structure, which is expected to induce the formation of a negative interfacial dipole at the cathode interface, have motivated their use as EILs. Improved performance of the OLEDs using these chromophores was obtained. Especially, the OLED using DANS exhibited the highest luminous efficiency, power efficiency and external quantum efficiency values of 8.7 cd A−1, 6.75 lm W−1and 2.9%, respectively, which represented a significant improvement compared to the reference device without the EIL (1.2 cd A−1, 0.7 lm W−1and 0.4%, respectively). A variety of experimental and simulated results demonstrated that this enhancement is attributed to increased electron injection leading to balanced electron and hole currents, especially in the DANS embedding device. Additionally, we calculated significant broadening of the emission zone profile across the entire organic emitter in the devices using the chromophores, thus increasing the probability of radiative recombination and photon emission.
Simulation research on PPP-RTK performance based on BDS GEO satellite
Authors: He Chengpeng , Gu Shengfeng , Liu Cheng , Gao Weiguang , Zheng Fu , Gong Xiaopeng , Li Wenwen 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Precise point positioning (PPP) is one of the seven planning public services of the new generation global Beidou Navigation Satellite System (BDS), i.e. BDS-3. Up to now, the PPP service signal has already been broadcast through I channel of PPP-B2b to support decimeter level positioning within 30 min for users over China and the surrounding areas for free. Concerning the potential application of PPP real-time kinematic (PPP-RTK) in the BDS positioning service development, this paper carried out analysis and experiment of the design and evaluation of PPP-RTK through Q channel based on the existing PPP-B2b I channel signal. First, we presented the algorithm of PPP-RTK based on the undifferenced and uncombined model. Then, the format and broadcast strategy of phase delay and atmospheric delay products were discussed in detail. Finally, based on the simulation data, we analyzed the performance of PPP-RTK with different broadcast bandwidths. The results suggested that the positioning accuracy of GPS + BDS + Galileo PPP-RTK under 95% quantile were 2.3 cm and 3.3 cm in horizontal and vertical, respectively. In order to evaluate the BDS PPP-RTK service, we set the convergence thresholds as 6 cm in horizontal and 12 cm in vertical, which is given by Centimeter Level Augmentation Service of Japanese Quasi-Zenith Satellite System, and the time to converge to such thresholds were 0.5 min and 1.0 min in horizontal and vertical, respectively. Finally, the experiment considering ‘correction latency’ suggested that there was only a litter effect on the convergence speed, the positioning accuracy after convergence is roughly the same.
Analysis of Schottky barrier heights and reduced Fermi-level pinning in monolayer CVD-grown MoS2 field-effect-transistors
Authors: Xie Jing , Patoary Naim Md , Zhou Guantong , Sayyad Mohammed Yasir , Tongay Sefaattin , Esqueda Ivan Sanchez 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Chemical vapor deposition (CVD)-grown monolayer (ML) molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is a promising material for next-generation integrated electronic systems due to its capability of high-throughput synthesis and compatibility with wafer-scale fabrication. Several studies have described the importance of Schottky barriers in analyzing the transport properties and electrical characteristics of MoS2 field-effect-transistors (FETs) with metal contacts. However, the analysis is typically limited to single devices constructed from exfoliated flakes and should be verified for large-area fabrication methods. In this paper, CVD-grown ML MoS2 was utilized to fabricate large-area (1 cm × 1 cm) FET arrays. Two different types of metal contacts (i.e. Cr/Au and Ti/Au) were used to analyze the temperature-dependent electrical characteristics of ML MoS2 FETs and their corresponding Schottky barrier characteristics. Statistical analysis provides new insight about the properties of metal contacts on CVD-grown MoS2 compared to exfoliated samples. Reduced Schottky barrier heights (SBH) are obtained compared to exfoliated flakes, attributed to a defect-induced enhancement in metallization of CVD-grown samples. Moreover, the dependence of SBH on metal work function indicates a reduction in Fermi level pinning compared to exfoliated flakes, moving towards the Schottky–Mott limit. Optical characterization reveals higher defect concentrations in CVD-grown samples supporting a defect-induced metallization enhancement effect consistent with the electrical SBH experiments.
Precise real-time quantification for photocatalytic reaction: integration of the sensitive in-situ SERS sensor and high-efficiency photocatalyst
Authors: Wei Yisheng , Wang Chenxi , Lei Fengcai , Liu Chundong , Li Jia , Li Zhen , Zhang Chao , Gao Yuanmei , Yu Jing 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Recently, in-situ surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is gradually becoming an important method for monitoring photocatalytic reaction processes, in which the quantification potential is a vital factor in determining whether this technology can be truly applied in the future. In order to improve the quantification performance of in-situ SERS and explore a precise operando Raman detection for photocatalytic reactions, an architecture of heterostructural Cu2O/ZnO/Ag nano round brush has been designed and discussed in this work. This structure is an integration of sensitive in-situ SERS sensor and high-efficiency photocatalyst, realizing real-time monitoring of photocatalytic reaction in a wide concentration range from 20 to 3 mg l−1. The coefficient of determination between different detection methods is beyond 0.86 in this range, implying the high-precise quantification of this platform. Comprehensive analysis on structure effect, SERS performance, photocatalytic property, electric filed characteristic, etc were all systematically made and discussed in detail for this platform. This work presents a precise preliminar real-time photocatalytic monitoring using in-situ SERS detection, which is a new attempt and also meaningful reference for other in-situ analytical technology.
NEMA NU 4-2008 performance evaluation and MR compatibility tests of an APD-based small animal PET-insert for simultaneous PET/MR imaging
Authors: Disselhorst Jonathan A , Newport Danny F , Schmid Andreas M , Schmidt Fabian P , Parl Christoph , Liu Chih-Chieh , Pichler Bernd J , Mannheim Julia G 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
An avalanche photodiode (APD)-based small animal positron emission tomography (PET)-insert was fully evaluated for its PET performance, as well as potential influences on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) performance. This PET-insert has an extended axial field of view (FOV) compared with the previous design to increase system sensitivity, as well as an updated cooling and temperature regulation to enable stable and reproducible PET acquisitions. The PET performance was evaluated according to the National Electrical Manufacturers Association NU4-2008 protocol. The energy and timing resolution’s full width at half maximum were 16.1% and 4.7 ns, respectively. The reconstructed radial spatial resolution of the PET-insert was 1.8 mm full width at half maximum at the center FOV using filtered back projection for reconstruction and sensitivity was 3.68%. The peak noise equivalent count rates were 70 kcps for a rat-like and 350 kcps for a mouse-like phantom, respectively. Image quality phantom values and contrast recovery were comparable to state-of-the art PET-inserts and standalone systems. Regarding MR compatibility, changes in the mean signal-to-noise ratio for turbo spin echo and echo-planar imaging sequences were below 8.6%, for gradient echo sequences below 1%. Degradation of the mean homogeneity was below 2.3% for all tested sequences. The influence of the PET-insert on the B
0 maps was negligible and no influence on functional MRI sequences was detected. A mouse and rat imaging study demonstrated the feasibility of in vivo simultaneous PET/MRI.