bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of aerodynamic models for horizontal axis wind turbine blades accounting for curved tip shapes
Authors: Horcas Sergio González , Ramos‐García Néstor , Li Ang , Pirrung Georg , Barlas Thanasis 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCurved tip extensions are among the rotor innovation concepts that can contribute to the higher performance and lower cost of horizontal axis wind turbines. One of the key drivers to exploit their advantages is the use of accurate and efficient computational aerodynamic models during the design stage. The present work gives an overview of the performance of different state‐of‐the‐art models. The following tools were employed, in descending order of complexity: (i) a blade‐resolved Navier Stokes solver, (ii) a lifting line model, (iii) a vortex‐based method coupling a near‐wake model with a far‐wake model, and (iv) two implementations of the widely used blade element momentum method (BEM), with and without radial induction. The predictions of the codes were compared when simulating the baseline geometry of a reference wind turbine and different tip extension designs with relatively large sweep angle and/or dihedral angle. Four load cases were selected for this comparison, to cover several aspects of the aerodynamic modeling: steady power curve, pitch step, extreme operating gust impact, and standstill in deep stall. The present study highlighted the limitations of the BEM‐based formulations to capture the trends attributed to the introduction of curvature at the tip. This was true even when using the radial induction submodel. The rest of the computational methods showed relatively good agreement in most of the studied load cases. An exception to this was the standstill configuration, as the blade‐resolved Navier‐Stokes solver was the only code able to capture the highly unsteady effects of deep stall.
Sodalite‐type Ga16/3[P12N24]O2: Synthesis, Electron Crystallography and Powder X‐ray Diffraction
Authors: Günther Daniel , Eisenburger Lucien , Schnick Wolfgang , Oeckler Oliver 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe gallium(III) nitridophosphate‐oxide Ga16/3[P12N24]O2 was synthesized by metathesis reaction between GaF3 and LiPN2. The crystal structure was elucidated by electron crystallography and powder X‐ray diffraction, comparing both approaches. This reveals a partially collapsed sodalite‐type structure (space group I
3m, a=8.1585(2) Å) with a tilt angle ϕ of ∼33°. Vertex‐sharing PN4 tetrahedra build up a sodalite network that hosts gallium(III) cations and oxide anions. Gallium forms bonds to further three N atoms. The structure model is confirmed by EDX analyses, IR spectroscopy and bond valence sum calculations.
A toy model for background independent string field theory
Authors: Grigoriev Maxim , Meyer Adiel , Sachs Ivo 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We study gauge theories of background fields associated to BRST quantized spinning particle models and identify background-independent algebraic structures which allow to systematically reduce the spectrum of fields and subject some of them to dynamical equations of motion. More specifically, we construct a manifestly background-independent extension of the model based on N = 2 spinning particle. The resulting system describes an on-shell spin-1 field coupled to off-shell background fields including metric and dilaton. Tensoring with a given Lie algebra results in a non-abelian extension of the model.
$$H^\infty $$-Calculus for the Surface Stokes Operator and Applications
Authors: Simonett Gieri , Wilke Mathias 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe consider a smooth, compact and embedded hypersurface$$\Sigma $$Σwithout boundary and show that the corresponding (shifted) surface Stokes operator admits a bounded$$H^\infty $$H∞-calculus with angle smaller than$$\pi /2$$π/2. As an application, we consider critical spaces for the Navier–Stokes equations on the surface$$\Sigma $$Σ. In case$$\Sigma $$Σis two-dimensional, we show that any solution with a divergence-free initial value in$$L_2(\Sigma , \textsf{T}\Sigma )$$L2(Σ,TΣ)exists globally and converges exponentially fast to an equilibrium, that is, to a Killing field.
Vorsicht: bissig! Hundebissverletzungen in der klinischen Rechtsmedizin
Authors: Kolbe V. , Bingert R. , Märzheuser S. , Büttner A. 
Published: October 2022

ZusammenfassungInsbesondere jüngere Kinder sind aufgrund ihrer geringen Körpergröße gefährdet, Opfer von Hundeangriffen zu werden. Ein solcher Beißvorfall kann verschiedene Strafbestände erfüllen. Um möglichen rechtlichen Ansprüchen genügen zu können, sollten die Verletzungen rechtsmedizinisch und damit gerichtfest dokumentiert werden. Es empfiehlt sich daher eine enge Zusammenarbeit von behandelnden ChirurgInnen und RechtsmedizinerInnen. Es wurde eine retrospektive Analyse der klinisch-rechtsmedizinisch bearbeiteten Fälle von Hundebissverletzungen bei Kindern und Erwachsenen an der Universitätsmedizin Rostock unter verschiedenen Aspekten durchgeführt. Erwachsene Verletzte wurden überwiegend an der unteren Extremität verletzt. Die untersuchten Kinder wurden überwiegend die Kopf‑, Hals- und Gesichtsregion sowie die obere Extremität gebissen. Die Verletzungsschwere reichte von Hautrötungen bis zu schweren Substanzdefekten mit Verlust von Körperstrukturen. Der beißende Hund war in gut der Hälfte der Fälle bekannt. Um Beißangriffe durch Hunde auf Kinder zu vermeiden, sollten Eltern sowie auch Kinder unbedingt im Umgang mit Hunden geschult werden.
Milder loss of insulin-containing islets in individuals with type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes-associated TCF7L2 genetic variants
Authors: Redondo Maria J. , Richardson Sarah J. , Perry Daniel , Minard Charles G. , Carr Alice L. J. , Brusko Todd , Kusmartseva Irina , Pugliese Alberto , Atkinson Mark A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
TCF7L2 variants are the strongest genetic risk factor for type 2 diabetes. In individuals with type 1 diabetes, these variants are associated with a higher C-peptide AUC, a lower glucose AUC during an OGTT, single autoantibody positivity near diagnosis, particularly in individuals older than 12 years of age, and a lower frequency of type 1 diabetes-associated HLA genotypes. Based on initial observations from clinical cohorts, we tested the hypothesis that type 2 diabetes-predisposing TCF7L2 genetic variants are associated with a higher percentage of residual insulin-containing cells (ICI%) in pancreases of donors with type 1 diabetes, by examining genomic data and pancreatic tissue samples from the Network for Pancreatic Organ donors with Diabetes (nPOD) programme.

Methods
We analysed nPOD donors with type 1 diabetes (n=110; mean±SD age at type 1 diabetes onset 12.2±7.9 years, mean±SD diabetes duration 15.3±13.7 years, 53% male, 80% non-Hispanic White, 12.7% African American, 7.3% Hispanic) using data pertaining to residual beta cell number; quantified islets containing insulin-positive beta cells in pancreatic tissue sections; and expressed these values as a percentage of the total number of islets from each donor (mean ± SD ICI% 9.8±21.5, range 0–92.2).

Results
Donors with a high ICI% (≥5) (n=30; 27%) vs a low ICI% (<5) (n=80; 73%) were older at onset (15.3±6.9 vs 11.1±8 years, p=0.013), had a shorter diabetes duration at donor tissue procurement (7.0±7.4 vs 18.5±14.3 years, p<0.001), a higher African ancestry score (0.2±0.3 vs 0.1±0.2, p=0.043) and a lower European ancestry score (0.7±0.3 vs 0.9±0.3, p=0.023). After adjustment for age of onset (p=0.105), diabetes duration (p<0.001), BMI z score (p=0.145), sex (p=0.351) and African American race (p=0.053), donors with the TCF7L2 rs7903146 T allele (TC or TT, 45.5%) were 2.93 times (95% CI 1.02, 8.47) more likely to have a high ICI% than those without it (CC) (p=0.047).

Conclusions/interpretation
Overall, these data support the presence of a type 1 diabetes endotype associated with a genetic factor that predisposes to type 2 diabetes, with donors in this category exhibiting less severe beta cell loss. It is possible that in these individuals the disease pathogenesis may include mechanisms associated with type 2 diabetes and thus this may provide an explanation for the poor response to immunotherapies to prevent type 1 diabetes or its progression in a subset of individuals. If so, strategies that target both type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes-associated factors when they are present may increase the success of prevention and treatment in these individuals.

Graphical abstract
Circulating Extracellular Vesicles Express Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor κB Ligand and Other Molecules Informative of the Bone Metabolic Status of Mouse Models of Experimentally Induced Osteoporosis
Authors: Cappariello Alfredo , Muraca Maurizio , Teti Anna , Rucci Nadia 
Published: October 2022

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are potent means of cell-to-cell communication. They are released in biological fluids, including blood, urine, and saliva, and can be exploited to identify new biomarkers of diseases. We hypothesized that EVs contain molecular cargos involved in bone metabolism, possibly mirroring biological differences between postmenopausal and disuse osteoporosis. We tested this hypothesis in primary murine osteoblasts subjected to steroid depletion or to unloading, and in the serum of animal models of osteoporosis induced by ovariectomy or hindlimb tail suspension. EVs were isolated by ultracentrifugation and analysed by transmission electron microscopy, cytofluorimetry, immunoblotting and RT-PCR. Large-scale analyses were performed by Real-Time arrays and Proteome Profiler™ Antibody arrays. Finally, precise titration of analytes was carried out by ELISA assay. In vitro, we confirmed an increased release of EVs enriched in surface RANKL by primary mouse osteoblasts subjected to steroid depletion or simulated microgravity compared to controls. In vivo, circulating EVs isolated from the sera of control female mice expressed RANKL along with other genes associated with bone metabolism. Serum EVs from ovariectomized or hindlimb tail-suspended mice showed distinct molecular profiles. They expressed RANKL with different kinetics, while transcriptomic and proteomic profiles uncovered unique molecular signatures that discriminated the two conditions, unveiling exclusive molecules expressed in time- and osteoporosis type-dependent manner. These results suggest that circulating EVs could represent a new tool for monitoring the onset and the progression of diverse types of the disease in mice, paving the way for their exploitation to diagnose human osteoporosis in liquid biopsies.
Influence of working conditions on the condensation efficiency of the prototype condensation hood
Authors: Ryfa Arkadiusz , Tokarski Mieszko , Ostrowski Ziemowit , Rojczyk Marek , Nowak Andrzej J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn the paper performance of the prototype design of the condensation hood is analysed. Results of some experiments/measurements as well as results of CFD simulations are used to investigate the dependence of quantity called the condensation efficiency on selected working parameters. It was found that both the air inlet temperature and the air mass flow rate have significant impact on the performance of the heat exchanger. However, such changes did not influence the condensation efficiency which stays stable at the level of 100% for quite wide range of parameters changes. The same applies to the relative humidity of the inlet air. The only parameter which causes changes of the condensation efficiency is the steam mass flow rate when it exceeds 2.0 g/s. Nevertheless, operation of the hood with the steam mass flow rate up to $$\approx 3.0$$

≈
3.0

g/s guarantees that at least 90% of the steam is condensed.
Milk fat globule membrane plus milk fat increase docosahexaenoic acid availability in infant formulas
Authors: Gázquez Antonio , Sabater-Molina María , Domínguez-López Inés , Sánchez-Campillo María , Torrento Neus , Tibau Joan , Moreno-Muñoz José A. , Rodríguez-Palmero María , López-Sabater María C. , Larqué Elvira 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) has components with emulsifier properties that could affect the provision of substrates to the brain. We evaluated the effects of MFGM plus milk fat addition to infant formulas on docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) availability and gut development.

Methods
In Experiment 1, suckling piglets were divided into 3 groups: Group L1 (n = 8): fed with a vegetal fat formula with palm oil; L2 (n = 8): canola oil formula and L3 (n = 8): milk fat + canola oil + 1% Lacprodan (3% MFGM of total protein content). In Experiment 2, Group L4 (n = 7): fed with canola oil + 1% Lacprodan (3% MFGM) and Group L5 (n = 5): milk fat + canola oil + 2% Lacprodan (6% MFGM). All formulas contained 0.2% DHA and 0.2% arachidonic acid.

Results
In Experiment 1, DHA was similar among the groups in both total fatty acids and plasma phospholipids (PL). However, 3% MFGM (L3) increased significantly the proportion of DHA and LC-PUFA n-3 in liver total fatty acids, jejunum, and also in jejunum PL respect to the other formulas. There were no changes in gut histology, cell proliferation, apoptosis, or brain DHA content. In Experiment 2, higher MFGM dose was used. Then, higher DHA was not only found in peripheral tissues of 6% MFGM (L5) piglets but also in plasma PL, while a similar trend was observed in cortex PL (p = 0.123).

Conclusion
In conclusion, MFGM plus milk fat may increase DHA availability of infant formulas which could contribute to their beneficial health effects.
Road safety assessment and risks prioritization using an integrated SWARA and MARCOS approach under spherical fuzzy environment
Authors: Jafarzadeh Ghoushchi Saeid , Shaffiee Haghshenas Sina , Memarpour Ghiaci Ali , Guido Giuseppe , Vitale Alessandro 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThere are a lot of elements that make road safety assessment situations unpredictable and hard to understand. This could put people's lives in danger, hurt the mental health of a society, and cause permanent financial and human losses. Due to the ambiguity and uncertainty of the risk assessment process, a multi-criteria decision-making technique for dealing with complex systems that involves choosing one of many options is an important strategy of assessing road safety. In this study, an integrated stepwise weight assessment ratio analysis (SWARA) with measurement of alternatives and ranking according to compromise solution (MARCOS) approach under a spherical fuzzy (SF) set was considered. Then, the proposed methodology was applied to develop the approach of failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) for rural roads in Cosenza, southern Italy. Also, the results of modified FMEA by SF-SWARA-MARCOS were compared with the results of conventional FMEA. The risk score results demonstrated that the source of risk (human) plays a significant role in crashes compared to other sources of risk. The two risks, including landslides and floods, had the lowest values among the factors affecting rural road safety in Calabria, respectively. The correlation between scenario outcomes and main ranking orders in weight values was also investigated. This study was done in line with the goals of sustainable development and the goal of sustainable mobility, which was to find risks and lower the number of accidents on the road. As a result, it is thus essential to reconsider laws and measures necessary to reduce human risks on the regional road network of Calabria to improve road safety.
Effectiveness of the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine against invasive pneumococcal disease among 948,263 individuals ≥ 65 years of age: a Danish cohort study
Authors: Nielsen Katrine Finderup , Nielsen Lise Birk , Lomholt Frederikke Kristensen , Nørgaard Sarah Kristine , Slotved Hans-Christian , Dalby Tine , Fuursted Kurt , Jørgensen Charlotte Sværke , Valentiner-Branth Palle 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This study aimed to estimate the effectiveness of the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) against invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) among individuals ≥ 65 years of age. We used Danish nationwide databases to obtain information on PPV23 vaccination, covariates, and IPD and linked data on an individual level using a unique personal identifier. A total of 948,263 individuals were included and followed between June 15, 2020, and September 18, 2021 (58.6% were vaccinated during follow-up). The adjusted vaccine effectiveness was 42% (95% confidence interval (CI): 9–63%) for all-serotype IPD and 58% (95% CI: 21–78%) for PPV23-serotype IPD, using no vaccination as the reference.
The role of the cortex in indentation experiments of animal cells
Authors: Krzemien Leszek , Giergiel Magdalena , Kurek Agnieszka , Barbasz Jakub 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe present a model useful for interpretation of indentation experiments on animal cells. We use finite element modeling for a thorough representation of the complex structure of an animal cell. In our model, the crucial constituent is the cell cortex—a rigid layer of cytoplasmic proteins present on the inner side of the cell membrane. It plays a vital role in the mechanical interactions between cells. The cell cortex is modeled by a three-dimensional solid to reflect its bending stiffness. This approach allows us to interpret the results of the indentation measurements and extract the mechanical properties of the individual elements of the cell structure. During the simulations, we scan a broad range of parameters such as cortex thickness and Young’s modulus, cytoplasm Young’s modulus, and indenter radius, which define cell properties and experimental conditions. Finally, we propose a simple closed-form formula that approximates the simulated results with satisfactory accuracy. Our formula is as easy to use as Hertz's function to extract cell properties from the measurement, yet it considers the cell’s inner structure, including cell cortex, cytoplasm, and nucleus.
Establishing and validating a survey for trauma-informed, culturally responsive change across multiple systems
Authors: Moreland-Capuia Alisha , Dumornay Nathalie M. , Mangus Alexandra , Ravichandran Caitlin , Greenfield Shelly F. , Ressler Kerry J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Aim
The purpose of the present study was to establish and validate the Survey for Trauma-Informed Systems Change (STISC), a measure of culturally responsive trauma-informed care (TIC) and services that can be administered to professionals in any field or industry.

Subject/methods
The current study with 262 respondents from judicial, healthcare, political, non-profit, and for-profit settings examined the internal consistency reliability and factor structure of the STISC.

Results
A total of 262 respondents from various industries accessed the pre-training survey. Seven of the 59 items were reassigned to alternate subscales and three subscales were merged following correlation analysis. Internal consistency reliability for subscales based on the final item assignments was good or excellent (lower 95% confidence limits for hierarchical omega ≥ 0.85). The root mean square error of approximation estimate for the confirmatory factor analysis based on final item assignments was acceptable (0.073; 90% CI 0.071, 0.076). Neither the comparative fit index value of 0.76 nor the Tucker–Lewis fit index value of 0.75 approached conventional thresholds for acceptable fit.

Conclusion
Given the absence of a validated alternative, this study supports use of the STISC tool to measure the degree of an individual’s trauma-informed knowledge and positive attitudes toward trauma-informed systems change, as well as trauma-informed practices in the workplace. Further study and refinement will aim to determine whether the STISC survey is sensitive to change, which will provide stronger support for the survey’s potential usefulness as a cost-effective method of standardizing trauma-informed systems change programs across multiple fields and industries.
HALT-D: a randomized open-label phase II study of crofelemer for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced diarrhea in patients with HER2-positive breast cancer receiving trastuzumab, pertuzumab, and a taxane
Authors: Pohlmann Paula R. , Graham Deena , Wu Tianmin , Ottaviano Yvonne , Mohebtash Mahsa , Kurian Shweta , McNamara Donna , Lynce Filipa , Warren Robert , Dilawari Asma , Rao Suman , Mainor Candace , Swanson Nicole , Tan Ming , Isaacs Claudine , Swain Sandra M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To assess whether crofelemer would prevent chemotherapy-induced diarrhea (CID) diarrhea in patients with HER2-positive, any-stage breast cancer receiving trastuzumab (H), pertuzumab (P), and a taxane (T; docetaxel or paclitaxel), with/without carboplatin (C; always combined with docetaxel rather than paclitaxel).

Methods
Patients scheduled to receive ≥ 3 consecutive TCHP/THP cycles were randomized to crofelemer 125 mg orally twice daily during chemotherapy cycles 1 and 2 or no scheduled prophylactic medication (control). All received standard breakthrough antidiarrheal medication (BTAD) as needed. The primary endpoint was incidence of any-grade CID for ≥ 2 consecutive days. Secondary endpoints were incidence of all-grade and grade 3/4 CID by cycle/stratum; time to onset and duration of CID; stool consistency; use of BTAD; and quality of life (Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy for Patients With Diarrhea [FACIT-D] score).

Results
Fifty-one patients were randomized to crofelemer (n = 26) or control (n = 25). There was no statistically significant difference between arms for the primary endpoint; however, incidence of grade ≥ 2 CID was reduced with crofelemer vs control (19.2% vs 24.0% in cycle 1; 8.0% vs 39.1%, in cycle 2). Patients receiving crofelemer were 1.8 times more likely to see their diarrhea resolved and had less frequent watery diarrhea.

Conclusion
Despite the choice of primary endpoint being insensitive, crofelemer reduced the incidence and severity of CID in patients with HER2-positive breast cancer receiving P-based therapy. These data are supportive of further testing of crofelemer in CID.

Trial registration
Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02910219, prospectively registered September 21, 2016.
Local time-dependent microstructure of aging TEMPO nanofibrillated cellulose gel
Authors: Koochi Hakimeh , Mac Intyre Jonatan , Viitanen Leevi , Puisto Antti , Maleki-Jirsaraei Nahid , Alava Mikko 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The aging behavior of TEMPO-CNF suspensions is investigated using rheological measurements and experiments involving the free-falling solid sphere. The properties of CNF suspensions, which are formed of water and cellulose fibers with a large aspect ratio, are fundamentally different from those commonly known as model low-density gels. We characterize their aging utilizing SAOS rheometry following a period of shear rejuvenation, measuring the effect of aging time on the observed stress overshoot, and additionally measure the rheological hysteresis under continuous shear. In addition to such tests, which probe the sample at the bulk level, we study their local aging behavior via the Stokes’ experiment. During SAOS, the aging of the material results in a logarithmic growth of the elastic modulus over the first 50 minutes. In the Stokes’ experiment, depending on the sphere size, we find a systematic decrease in the sphere velocity with aging times up to 16 days and identify a range of intermittent particle motion. Based on our experimental evidence, we propose that the aging effect within the TEMPO-CNFs occurs due to the restructuring of fibrous elements by Brownian diffusion and that the aging of the system does not develop homogeneously across the whole sample as a consequence of the wide size distribution of CNFs. Finally, we note that this may be one of the primary reasons why the rheological data on even the same batch of CNFs show a large scatter.

Graphical abstract