bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of key pharmacodynamic markers of American ginseng against heart failure based on metabolomics and zebrafish model
Authors: Dong Rong , Zhang Yougang , Chen Shanjun , Wang Huan , Hu Kaiqing , Zhao Huanxin , Tian Qingping , Zeng Kewu , Wang Songsong , Han Liwen 
Published: October 2022

Background: American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium L., AG) is a traditional Chinese medicine with multiple cardiovascular protective properties. Many bioactive components have been discovered in AG over these years. However, the understanding of these key pharmacodynamic components of activity against heart failure is insufficient.Methods: A heart failure model was established using AB line wild-type zebrafish (Danio rerio) to evaluate the anti-heart failure activity of AG. Untargeted metabolomics analysis based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole electrostatic field orbitrap-mass spectrometry technology (UHPLC-QE-Orbitrap-MS) was performed to screen differential components from AG samples. The potential active components were verified using the zebrafish model. Simultaneously, network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques were used to predict the possible mechanism. Finally, the key targets of six key pharmacodynamic components were verified in zebrafish using quantitative real-time-polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) techniques.Results: The heart failure model was successfully established in 48 h of post-fertilization (hpf) zebrafish larvae by treating with verapamil hydrochloride. The zebrafish assay showed that the anti-heart failure effects of AG varied with producing regions. The result of the herbal metabolomic analysis based on UHPLC-QE-Orbitrap-MS indicated that ginsenoside Rg3, ginsenoside Rg5, ginsenoside Rg6, malic acid, quinic acid, L-argininosuccinic acid, 3-methyl-3-butenyl-apinosyl (1→6) glucoside, pseudoginsenoside F11, and annonaine were differential components, which might be responsible for variation in efficacy. Further analysis using zebrafish models, network pharmacology, and Q-PCR techniques showed that ginsenoside Rg3, ginsenoside Rg5, ginsenoside Rg6, malic acid, quinic acid, and pseudoginsenoside F11 were the pharmacodynamic markers (P-markers) responsible for anti-heart failure.Conclusion: We have rapidly identified the P-markers against heart failure in AG using the zebrafish model and metabolomics technology. These P-markers may provide new reference standards for quality control and new drug development of AG.
A reflective metasurface for broadband OAM vortex wave generation
Authors: Zhang Meng , Li Desen , Lin Jiahan , Zhang Bingzhi , Tao Jifang , Zhao Zhenxue , Zeng Yuan , Shang Wenli , Zhang Wu 
Published: October 2022

In this paper, we proposed a reflective metasurface which controls the phase delay of the electromagnetic (EM) wave through geometric phase manipulation. By coding the metasurface unit cells in different orientation angles, an orbital angular momentum (OAM) wave can be obtained through the metasurface reflection. A broadband reflective OAM wave with mode l = −1 was demonstrated which was experimentally observed from 8.3 GHz to 11.6 GHz. The mode spectrum of OAM wave was analyzed and the spectrum weight was about 0.82 through numerical calculation and about 0.47 through experimental measurement for the mode l = −1. The realization of this broadband OAM wave has the potential application to improve the OAM wave based communication capacity.
Large-factor Micro-CT super-resolution of bone microstructure
Authors: Yu Hui , Wang Shuo , Fan Yinuo , Wang Guangpu , Li Jinqiu , Liu Chong , Li Zhigang , Sun Jinglai 
Published: October 2022

Background: Bone microstructure is important for evaluating bone strength and requires the support of high-resolution (HR) imaging equipment. Computed tomography (CT) is widely used for medical imaging, but the spatial resolution is not sufficient for bone microstructure. Micro-CT scan data is the gold standard for human bone microstructure or animal experiment. However, Micro-CT has more ionizing radiation and longer scanning time while providing high-quality imaging. It makes sense to reconstruct HR images with less radiation. Image super-resolution (SR) is adapted to the above-mentioned research. The specific objective of this study is to reconstruct HR images of bone microstructure based on low-resolution (LR) images under large-factor condition.Methods: We propose a generative adversarial network (GAN) based on Res2Net and residual channel attention network which is named R2-RCANGAN. We use real high-resolution and low-resolution training data to make the model learn the image corruption of Micro-CT, and we train six super-resolution models such as super-resolution convolutional neural network to evaluate our method performance.Results: In terms of peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), our proposed generator network R2-RCAN sets a new state of the art. Such PSNR-oriented methods have high reconstruction accuracy, but the perceptual index to evaluate perceptual quality is very poor. Thus, we combine the generator network R2-RCAN with the U-Net discriminator and loss function with adjusted weights, and the proposed R2-RCANGAN shows the pleasing results in reconstruction accuracy and perceptual quality as compared to the other methods.Conclusion: The proposed R2-RCANGAN is the first to apply large-factor SR to improve Micro-CT images of bone microstructure. The next steps of the study are to investigate the role of SR in image enhancement during fracture rehabilitation period, which would be of great value in reducing ionizing radiation and promoting recovery.
Genomic and transcriptomic-based analysis of agronomic traits in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) pure line IMA1
Authors: Li Xiaodong , He Wenjin , Fang Jingping , Liang Yahui , Zhang Huizhong , Chen Duo , Wu Xingrong , Zhang Ziqiang , Wang Liang , Han Pingan , Zhang Bizhou , Xue Ting , Zheng Wenzhe , He Jiangfeng , Bai Chen 
Published: October 2022

Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) is an important sugar-producing and energy crop worldwide. The sugar beet pure line IMA1 independently bred by Chinese scientists is a standard diploid parent material that is widely used in hybrid-breeding programs. In this study, a high-quality, chromosome-level genome assembly for IMA1was conducted, and 99.1% of genome sequences were assigned to nine chromosomes. A total of 35,003 protein-coding genes were annotated, with 91.56% functionally annotated by public databases. Compared with previously released sugar beet assemblies, the new genome was larger with at least 1.6 times larger N50 size, thereby substantially improving the completeness and continuity of the sugar beet genome. A Genome-Wide Association Studies analysis identified 10 disease-resistance genes associated with three important beet diseases and five genes associated with sugar yield per hectare, which could be key targets to improve sugar productivity. Nine highly expressed genes associated with pollen fertility of sugar beet were also identified. The results of this study provide valuable information to identify and dissect functional genes affecting sugar beet agronomic traits, which can increase sugar beet production and help screen for excellent sugar beet breeding materials. In addition, information is provided that can precisely incorporate biotechnology tools into breeding efforts.
Attentive-executive functioning and compensatory strategies in adult ADHD: A retrospective case series study
Authors: Ceroni Martino , Rossi Stefania , Zerboni Giorgia , Biglia Elena , Soldini Emiliano , Izzo Alessia , Morellini Lucia , Sacco Leonardo 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundAdults with ADHD exhibit a neuropsychological profile that may present deficits in many cognitive domains, particularly attention and executive functions (EFs). However, some authors do not consider executive disfunction as an important part of the clinical profile of the syndrome; this could be related to the use of inappropriate neuropsychological tests, probably not adapted and not sufficiently ecological. Moreover, new data are required on specific correlation of attentive-executive symptoms with socio-demographic factors. Therefore, the aim of this study is to analyze the neuropsychological performance of a group of adults with ADHD, also evaluating the influence of gender, age and education level.MethodsWe retrospectively collected health-related personal data of 40 adult ADHD patients, clinically diagnosed and evaluated via a battery of 4 neuropsychological tests and 1 self-administered questionnaire. Gender, age and years of education differences were assessed.ResultsAttention and EFs deficits have been highlighted mainly on the d2-R and 5-point neuropsychological tests, which therefore seem to be more sensitive in measuring the attention-executive dysfunction in an adult ADHD population, than TAP Go/No-go and ROCFT. ADHD patients also manifested subjective behavioral impulsivity disorders on BIS-11. There were no statistically significant gender differences in cognitive performance. On the contrary, younger patients performed worse on subscales TAP Go/No-go errors and 5-points number of drawings, while participants with a higher education level performed better on subscales d2-R speed of execution and d2-R errors. This supports a reduction in the number of errors and the execution time as a function of older age and a higher level of education. Finally, patients with higher education also self-reported greater impulsivity in planning.ConclusionOur preliminary findings suggest that adult ADHD is not a lifelong stable disorder, but it may change over time. Moreover, attention-executive deficits may be influenced and partially counterbalanced by experience (i.e., advancing age) and a higher level of education. This could underlie the development of specific psycho-behavioral and cognitive compensatory strategies. The use of self-administered questionnaires is therefore recommended to highlight attentional and executive difficulties that may not result in neuropsychological tests.
Association of sugar-sweetened beverage consumption with psychological symptoms among Chinese university students during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Wang Yujie , Bi Cunjian , Liu He , Lin Hongniu , Cai Ruibao , Zhang Jie 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundMental health of college students has become a public health issue of common concern worldwide. Especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, the problem has become even more acute. The aim of this study was to assess the association between sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) consumption and psychological symptoms among Chinese college students in order to promote their mental health.MethodsThe study population was 6,120 college students aged 19–22 years from Anhui, Henan and Xinjiang, China. Basic demographic information, covariates and SSB Consumption data were collected through a self-assessment questionnaire. The “Multidimensional Sub-health Questionnaire of Adolescents” was used to assess the psychological symptoms of college students. The Chi-square test, one-way ANOVA and logistic regression analysis were used to investigate the differences and associations between SSB consumption and psychological symptoms among Chinese college students.ResultsThe detection rate of psychological symptoms among Chinese college students was 8.1%. The detection rate of boys students was 9.4% and that of girls students was 7.1%, and the difference was statistically significant in comparison (χ2-value was 11.08, p &lt; 0.001). After controlling for covariates, Model 2 analysis showed that compared to SSB consumption &lt;2 time/week, college students with SSB consumption ≥2 time/week (OR = 2.96, 95% CI: 2.36, 3.70) had a higher risk of psychological symptoms (p &lt; 0.001). The same trend was found for emotional symptoms, behavioral symptoms, and social adaptation difficulties dimensions.ConclusionThere is an association between SSB consumption and the occurrence of psychological symptoms among Chinese college students. Future measures should be taken to reduce both SSB consumption and the incidence of psychological symptoms.
Thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness, and acquired capability for suicide among university students of Bangladesh: Scales validation and status assessment
Authors: Arafat S. M. Yasir , Hussain Fahad , Zaman Mir Susmita , Tabassum Tamanna , Islam Md. Khayrul , Shormi Farzana Rabin , Khan Anisur Rahman , Islam Md. Rabiul , Redwan A. S. M. , Giasuddin Noor Ahmed , Mubashir Anila , Khan Md. Abdullah Saeed 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundIdentification of prior mental events of suicide attempts has immense importance in suicide prevention. However, it has not been studied in Bangladesh as there was no available psychometrically valid instrument measuring it.ObjectivesWe aimed to test the psychometric properties of the interpersonal needs questionnaire (INQ-15) and acquired capability for suicide scale-fearlessness about death (ACSS-FAD) in Bangla along with the determination of the level of thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness, and acquired capability for suicide.Materials and methodsWe collected data between 29 March and 14 April 2022 from 1,207 students of medical colleges and universities in Bangladesh by Google form. We assessed the psychometric properties of Bangla INQ and ACSS-FAD scales and examined factors associated with thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness, and acquired capability for suicide.ResultsThe mean age of the participants was 22.82 ± 1.68 (range 18–29) years, 51% were females, 84% were graduate students, and 92% were unmarried. Both of the scales revealed acceptable levels of reliability. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed a two-factor structure of Bangla INQ after dropping three items from thwarted belongingness domain (item 9, 11, and 12) and a single factor structure for Bangla ACSS-FAD after dropping three items (item 1, 4, and 6). Perceived burdensomeness was significantly higher in females, students with a history of mental illness, family history of suicide, and the history of suicidal attempts. Fearlessness about death was significantly higher among females, non-Muslim participants, and history of suicidal attempts.ConclusionThe current study revealed psychometric properties of two suicide scales (INQ and ACSS-FAD) in Bangla that can be used in subsequent studies. Prevention strategies targeting to females, persons with psychiatric disorder, history of previous attempt(s) should be prioritized specially among the young age group.
Global prevalence and epidemiological trends of Hashimoto's thyroiditis in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Hu Xiaojie , Chen Yuquan , Shen Yiting , Tian Rui , Sheng Yuqin , Que Huafa 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveAlthough Hashimoto's thyroiditis is associated with cardiovascular disease and malignancy, the global status of Hashimoto's thyroiditis is not well characterized across regions. Our objective was to evaluate the prevalence and trends of Hashimoto's thyroiditis in adults in regions with different economic income levels around the world.MethodsFor this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, and 48 random-effects representative studies from the inception to June 2022 were included without language restrictions to obtain the overall prevalence of Hashimoto's thyroiditis in adults worldwide. In addition, we stratified by time of publication, geographic region, economic level of the region of residence, gender, diagnostic method, etc.ResultsA total of 11,399 studies were retrieved, of which 48 met the research criteria: 20 from Europe, 16 from Asia, five from South America, three from North America, and three from Africa. Furthermore, there are two projects involving 19 countries and 22,680,155 participants. The prevalence of Hashimoto's thyroiditis was 7.5 (95%CI 5.7–9.6%), while in the low-middle-income group the prevalence was 11.4 (95%CI 2.5–25.2%). Similarly, the prevalence was 5.6 (95%Cl 3.9–7.4%) in the upper-middle-income group, and in the high-income group, the prevalence was 8.4 (95%Cl 5.6–11.8). The prevalence of Hashimoto's varied by geographic region: Africa (14.2 [95% CI 2.5–32.9%]), Oceania (11.0% [95% CI 7.8–14.7%]), South America and Europe 8.0, 7.8% (95% Cl 0.0–29.5%) in North America, and 5.8 (95% Cl 2.8–9.9%) in Asia. Although our investigator heterogeneity was high (I2), our results using a sensitivity analysis showed robustness and reliability of the findings. People living in low-middle-income areas are more likely to develop Hashimoto's thyroiditis, while the group in high-income areas are more likely to develop Hashimoto's thyroiditis than people in upper-middle-income areas, and women's risk is about four times higher than men's.ConclusionsGlobal Hashimoto's thyroiditis patients are about four times as many as males, and there are discrepancies in the regions with different economic levels. In low-middle-income areas with a higher prevalence of Hashimoto's thyroiditis, especially countries in Africa, therefore local health departments should take strategic measures to prevent, detect, and treat Hashimoto's thyroiditis. At the same time, the hidden medical burden other diseases caused by Hashimoto's thyroiditis should also be done well.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier: CRD 42022339839.
Temporal trends in cardiovascular health among Chinese urban children and adolescents, 2004–2019 pre-pandemic COVID-19
Authors: Xiao Pei , Cheng Hong , Yan Yinkun , Hou Dongqing , Dong Hongbo , Zhao Xiaoyuan , Mi Jie 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveLittle is known about pre-pandemic cardiovascular health (CVH) status and its temporal variation in Chinese children. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the secular trends and associated factors of CVH in Chinese urban children from 2004 to 2019.MethodsWe identified 32,586 individuals in Beijing, aged 6 to 18 years, from three independent cross-sectional studies conducted in 2004, 2014, and 2019, respectively. CVH was assessed by 7 metrics according to modified American Heart Association criteria, including smoking, physical activity, diet, body mass index, total cholesterol, blood pressure, and fasting glucose. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the associations between sociodemographic characteristics and the ideal CVH status.ResultsThe proportion of ideal CVH decreased from 27.7% (boys 26.6%, girls 28.9%) in 2004 to 4.2% (boys 3.8%, girls 4.8%) in 2014, and then increased to 16.2% (boys 13.5%, girls 18.9%) in 2019. Overall, ideal smoking was the most prevalent CVH component during 2004–2019 (2004, 97.5%; 2014, 92.9%; 2019, 98.0%), while ideal physical activity (2004, 27.6%; 2014, 14.4%; 2019, 28.0%) and dietary intake (2004, 26.0%; 2014, 10.7%; 2019, 23.5%) were the least prevalent components. Notably, the proportion of ideal body mass index (2004, 77.5%; 2019, 59.7%) and blood pressure (2004, 73.6%; 2019, 67.3%) continuously decreased from 2004 to 2019. Girls, parental normal weight status, free of family CVD history, and lower levels in fat mass were associated with higher odds of ideal CVH.ConclusionThe cardiovascular health in Chinese urban children deteriorated during 2004–2019. Distinct strategies are required to mitigate socioeconomic inequity in the intervention of CVH promotion.
Experiences and Perceptions of Telephone-delivery of the Common Elements Treatment Approach for Mental Health Needs Among Young People in Zambia During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Munthali-Mulemba Saphira , Figge Caleb J. , Metz Kristina , Kane Jeremy C. , Skavenski Stephanie , Mwenge Mwamba , Kohrt Brandon A. , Pedersen Gloria A. , Sikazwe Izukanji , Murray Laura K. 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundMental and behavioral health needs are immense in low-to-middle income countries (LMIC), particularly for adolescents and young adults (AYA). However, access to mental health services is limited in LMIC due to barriers such as distance to a health care site, low number of providers, and other structural and logistical challenges. During the COVID-19 pandemic, these barriers were significantly exacerbated and, thus, mental health services were severely disrupted. A potential solution to some of these barriers is remote delivery of such services via technology. Exploration of AYA experiences is needed to understand the benefits and challenges when shifting to remotely delivered services.MethodsParticipants included 16 AYA (15–29 years) residing in Lusaka, Zambia who met criteria for a mental or behavioral health concern and received telehealth delivery of the Common Elements Treatment Approach (CETA). AYA participated in semi-structured qualitative interviews to explore feasibility, acceptability, and barriers to telephone-delivered treatment in this context. Thematic coding analysis was conducted to identify key themes.FindingsThree major response themes emerged: 1) Advantages of telehealth delivery of CETA, Disadvantages or barriers to telehealth delivery of CETA, 3) AYA recommendations for optimizing telehealth (ways to improve telehealth delivery in Zambia. Results indicate that logistical and sociocultural barriers i.e., providing AYA with phones to use for sessions, facilitating one face-to-face meeting with providers) need to be addressed for success of remotely delivered services.ConclusionAYA in this sample reported telehealth delivery reduces some access barriers to engaging in mental health care provision in Zambia. Addressing logistical and sociocultural challenges identified in this study will optimize feasibility of telehealth delivery and will support the integration of virtual mental health services in the Zambian health system.