bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beyond virtue and vice: A return to uncertainty
Authors: Kenklies Karsten , Michael Lewin David , Tonner Philip 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Education is astonishingly simple. We have all been through it, whether as children or later in life—indeed, many of us are still going through it in some form or other; we all know what works; and we are all committed to realising its individual and social potential. Such a view of the matter might dispense with the need for philosophy of education altogether as the problems of education are seen as little more than puzzles to be solved. We know (or think that we know) what we want to achieve, the challenge is how to do so most efficiently. If only the virtues of education were that perspicuous, that simple. If only the vices were so easily identified and expunged. It turns out that education is astonishingly complex. The following chapters aspire to re-introduce a certain complexity that abstains from an all-too-easy understanding. They seek not to offer solutions, but complications, disruptions and dissensions. The authors assume positions against the usual associations and evaluations regarding certain words and phrases—a revaluation that turns the virtues to vices and the vices to virtues.
Obesity mediates the opposite association of education and diabetes in Chinese men and women: Results from the REACTION study
Authors: Zhu Yuanyue , Hu Chunyan , Lin Lin , Wang Shuangyuan , Lin Hong , Huo Yanan , Wan Qin , Qin Yingfen , Hu Ruying , Shi Lixin , Su Qing , Yu Xuefeng , Yan Li , Qin Guijun , Tang Xulei , Chen Gang , Xu Min , Xu Yu , Wang Tiange , Zhao Zhiyun , Gao Zhengnan , Wang Guixia , Shen Feixia , Luo Zuojie , Chen Li , Li Qiang , Ye Zhen , Zhang Yinfei , Liu Chao , Wang Youmin , Wu Shengli , Yang Tao , Deng Huacong , Chen Lulu , Zeng Tianshu , Zhao Jiajun , Mu Yiming , Wang Weiqing , Ning Guang , Bi Yufang , Chen Yuhong , Lu Jieli 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundEvidence regarding the impact of education on diabetes risk is scarce in developing countries. We aimed to explore the association between education and diabetes within a large population in China and to identify the possible mediators between them.MethodsInformation on educational level and lifestyle factors was collected through questionnaires. Diabetes was diagnosed from self‐report and biochemical measurements. A structural equation model was constructed to quantify the mediation effect of each mediator.ResultsCompared with their least educated counterparts, men with college education had a higher risk of diabetes (odds ratio [OR] 1.19; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12–1.27), while college‐educated women were less likely to have diabetes (OR 0.77; 95% CI, 0.73–0.82). Obesity was the strongest mediator in both genders (proportion of mediation: 11.6% in men and 23.9% in women), and its association with education was positive in men (β[SE] 0.0387 [0.0037]) and negative in women (β[SE] −0.0824 [0.0030]). Taken together, all behavioral factors explained 12.4% of the excess risk of diabetes in men and 33.3% in women.ConclusionsIn a general Chinese population, the association between education level and diabetes was positive in men but negative in women. Obesity was the major mediator underlying the education disparities of diabetes risk, with a stronger mediation effect among women.
Rheumatoid arthritis and Hailey‐Hailey disease treated with methotrexate
Authors: Mestre Beatriz , Garcia Jorge , Madruga Dias João 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe report a rare case of long‐standing Hailey‐Hailey disease in a Caucasian Portuguese 69‐year‐old woman, recently diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis. The patient's skin lesions remained active and exudative despite topical and oral treatments with corticosteroids, tetracyclines, antifungals, and oral treatment with azathioprine. After introduction of methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis treatment, the skin lesions regressed, with significant impact on the patient's quality of life. This case report supports the clinical evidence of methotrexate's potential role in Hailey‐Hailey disease treatment.
High‐fat diet‐induced obesity augments the deleterious effects of estrogen deficiency on bone: Evidence from ovariectomized mice
Authors: Ali Dalia , Figeac Florence , Caci Atenisa , Ditzel Nicholas , Schmal Clarissa , Kerckhofs Greet , Havelund Jesper , Færgeman Nils , Rauch Alexander , Tencerova Michaela , Kassem Moustapha 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSeveral epidemiological studies have suggested that obesity complicated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes exerts deleterious effects on the skeleton. While obesity coexists with estrogen deficiency in postmenopausal women, their combined effects on the skeleton are poorly studied. Thus, we investigated the impact of high‐fat diet (HFD) on bone and metabolism of ovariectomized (OVX) female mice (C57BL/6J). OVX or sham operated mice were fed either HFD (60%fat) or normal diet (10%fat) for 12 weeks. HFD‐OVX group exhibited pronounced increase in body weight (~86% in HFD and ~122% in HFD‐OVX, p < 0.0005) and impaired glucose tolerance. Bone microCT‐scanning revealed a pronounced decrease in trabecular bone volume/total volume (BV/TV) (−15.6 ± 0.48% in HFD and −37.5 ± 0.235% in HFD‐OVX, p < 0.005) and expansion of bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT; +60.7 ± 9.9% in HFD vs. +79.5 ± 5.86% in HFD‐OVX, p < 0.005). Mechanistically, HFD‐OVX treatment led to upregulation of genes markers of senescence, bone resorption, adipogenesis, inflammation, downregulation of gene markers of bone formation and bone development. Similarly, HFD‐OVX treatment resulted in significant changes in bone tissue levels of purine/pyrimidine and Glutamate metabolisms, known to play a regulatory role in bone metabolism. Obesity and estrogen deficiency exert combined deleterious effects on bone resulting in accelerated cellular senescence, expansion of BMAT and impaired bone formation leading to decreased bone mass. Our results suggest that obesity may increase bone fragility in postmenopausal women.
A longitudinal study of the association between pro‐inflammatory cytokines and mood symptoms in bipolar disorder
Authors: Huang Mao‐Hsuan , Chan Yee‐Lam E. , Chen Mu‐Hong , Hsu Ju‐Wei , Huang Kai‐Lin , Li Cheng‐Ta , Tsai Shih‐Jen , Su Tung‐Ping , Bai Ya‐Mei 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundBecause of a relative dearth of longitudinal studies, the directionality of the relationship between mood and inflammation among patients with bipolar disorder (BD) is still unclear. We aimed to investigate the longitudinal associations of pro‐inflammatory markers with mood symptom severity in BD.MethodsHundred and thirty‐two adult patients with BD were enrolled. At the baseline and 1‐year follow‐up visit, all participants received mood assessment with Montgomery Åsberg depression rating scale (MADRS) and Young mania rating scale, and underwent blood draws to quantify metabolic profile and serum levels of the pro‐inflammatory markers, including soluble interleukin‐6 receptor, soluble tumor necrosis factor‐α receptor type 1 (sTNF‐αR1), monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1, and C‐reactive protein. A four‐factor model of MADRS, consisting of sadness, negative thoughts, detachment, and neurovegetative symptoms, were applied.ResultsAt baseline, 65 patients with BD were in depressed state, and 67 patients with BD were in euthymic state. Among patients in depressed state, baseline MADRS total score positively correlated with sTNF‐αR1 level at follow‐up. While baseline sTNF‐αR1 level positively predicted sadness symptom in euthymic patients with BD who later developed depression (n = 22), sadness in patients with bipolar depression predicted later increase in serum sTNF‐αR1 level even after remission (n = 17). Moreover, lithium had a stronger effect of lowering peripheral sTNF‐αR1 level as compared with other mood stabilizers.ConclusionOur results indicate the bidirectional inflammation‐depression relationship in BD.
What progress can the Australian Journal of Rural Health celebrate on its thirtieth anniversary?
Authors: Humphreys John S. , Wakerman John 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThirty years ago the first edition of the Australian Journal of Rural Health (AJRH) was published. Following reviews published in 2002 and 2012, it is again time to review what progress has been made in bringing about improved health outcomes for residents of rural and remote Australia over the past decade. Compounded by the Covid‐19 crisis that has affected the health and health care system throughout Australia, this review notes the significant lack of progress over the past decade in ameliorating ongoing problems of poor access to primary health care and associated avoidable hospitalisations, persistent poor health of Indigenous Australians, and the greater prevalence of a range of health risk factors. Following the findings of the recent New South Wales enquiry into rural health, this review highlights what is needed to implement the many recommendations that have emerged from the wealth of evidence‐based research published in journals such as the AJRH to improve health outcomes and increase the parity and equity in health between metropolitan and non‐metropolitan Australians.
Effect of intensive insulin therapy on inflammatory response after cardiac surgery using bedside artificial pancreas: A propensity score‐matched analysis
Authors: Fujii Tasuku , Hirai Takahiro , Tamura Takahiro , Suzuki Shogo , Nishiwaki Kimitoshi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundPerioperative hyperglycemia leads to poor postoperative clinical outcomes, including compromised immune function, cardiovascular events, and mortality. The optimal perioperative blood glucose levels during cardiac surgery remain unclear. A closed‐loop glycemic control system (artificial pancreas, target blood glucose range:120–150 mg/dl) prevents postoperative inflammatory response more effectively than conventional insulin therapy (<200 mg/dl). However, the clinical effects of intensive insulin therapy with strict glycemic control (80–110 mg/dl) are controversial. This study aimed to determine whether intensive insulin therapy would further suppress postoperative inflammatory reactions.MethodsThis study analyzed 262 patients who underwent cardiovascular surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. The patients were divided into two groups according to their target blood glucose range: 80–110 mg/dl and 120–150 mg/dl. The primary outcome was the difference in the C‐reactive protein levels between the two groups.ResultsPropensity score matching resulted in 95 patients in each group based on their covariates. There was no difference in the postoperative maximum C‐reactive protein levels between the two groups (14.81 ± 5.93 mg/dl vs. 14.34 ± 5.52 mg/dl; p = 0.571) following propensity score matching. Hypoglycemia did not occur during intensive insulin therapy.ConclusionsIntensive insulin therapy following cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass did not demonstrate significant advantages in the suppression of postoperative inflammatory reactions compared to that with mild glycemic control. However, intensive insulin therapy using an artificial pancreas was found to be safe, with no hypoglycemic events.
Blood products transfusion and retinopathy of prematurity: A cohort study
Authors: Uberos Jose , Fernandez‐Marin Elisabeth , Campos‐Martínez Ana , Ruiz‐López Aida , García‐Serrano Jose Luis 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimThe aim of the study was to assess the influence of blood product transfusions on the development and severity of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted of very low birth weight (VLBW) newborns with less than 32 weeks gestational age (GA) admitted to the neonatal unit of a tertiary care hospital during the period from 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2021. Data on the degree of ROP and the transfusions received were obtained and analysed. Both univariate and multivariate analyses were performed, by logistic regression.ResultsA total of 565 VLBW newborns were recruited, of whom 263 received a red blood cell transfusion prior to 36 weeks corrected GA. The newborns with ROP received significantly more red blood cell transfusions than those not presenting this condition. After adjusting for oxygen therapy and GA, the risk of ROP was found to be 2.77 times higher (95% CI 1.31–5.88) after receiving three or more transfusions, with a 3.95 times higher risk (95% CI 1.40–11.1) of developing severe ROP. Having received the first red blood cell transfusion before 32 weeks corrected GA is associated with an increased risk of ROP (OR 2.18; 95% CI: 1.09–4.36).ConclusionIn VLBW neonates, the number of red blood cell transfusions and their administration before 32 weeks corrected GA are important risk factors for ROP.
Associating Somatic Mutation with Clinical Outcomes Through Kernel Regression and Optimal Transport
Authors: Little Paul , Hsu Li , Sun Wei 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSomatic mutations in cancer patients are inherently sparse and potentially high dimensional. Cancer patients may share the same set of deregulated biological processes perturbed by different sets of somatically mutated genes. Therefore, when assessing the associations between somatic mutations and clinical outcomes, gene-by-gene analysis is often under-powered because it does not capture the complex disease mechanisms shared across cancer patients. Rather than testing genes one by one, an intuitive approach is to aggregate somatic mutation data of multiple genes to assess their joint association with clinical outcomes. The challenge is how to aggregate such information. Building on the optimal transport method, we propose a principled approach to estimate the similarity of somatic mutation profiles of multiple genes between tumor samples, while accounting for gene–gene similarities defined by gene annotations or empirical mutational patterns. Using such similarities, we can assess the associations between somatic mutations and clinical outcomes by kernel regression. We have applied our method to analyze somatic mutation data of 17 cancer types and identified at least five cancer types, where somatic mutations are associated with overall survival, progression-free interval, or cytolytic activity.
An automatic knowledge graph construction approach to promoting collaborative knowledge building, group performance, social interaction and socially shared regulation in CSCL
Authors: Zheng Lanqin , Niu Jiayu , Long Miaolang , Fan Yunchao 
Published: October 2022

AbstractComputer‐supported collaborative learning (CSCL) has been an effective pedagogy in the field of education. However, productive collaborative learning often does not occur spontaneously, and learners often have difficulties with collaborative knowledge building and socially shared regulation. To address this research gap, this study proposes an automatic knowledge graph construction approach based on deep neural network models. In total, 63 groups comprising 189 college students participated in this study and were assigned to three conditions, namely, the automatic activated and unactivated knowledge graph (AAUKG) condition, the automated activated knowledge graph (AAKG) condition, and the traditional online collaborative learning (TOCL) condition. The findings revealed that the AAUKG approach had more significant and positive impacts on collaborative knowledge building, group performance, social interaction, and socially shared regulation than the AAKG and TOCL approaches. This study provides substantial evidence of utilising both automatically activated and unactivated knowledge graphs to improve collaborative learning performance.
Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic

Knowledge graphs have been widely used in many fields for searches, recommendations, analytics, and automation.
Researchers have explored how to construct knowledge graphs. However, few studies have automatically constructed knowledge graphs in the CSCL context.
What this paper adds

An automatic knowledge graph construction approach is proposed and validated in the CSCL context.
The findings indicate that the AAUKG approach has more significant and positive impacts on collaborative knowledge building, group performance, social interaction, and socially shared regulation than the AAKG and TOCL approaches.
Implications for practice and/or policy

The AAUKG approach is an effective method for improving knowledge building and group performance in the CSCL context.
Researchers and practitioners are encouraged to consider how knowledge graphs can be applied to facilitate collaborative learning efficiently.
Specific adolescent prodromal symptoms associated with onset of psychosis in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986
Authors: Palomäki Johanna , Therman Sebastian , Kerkelä Martta , Järvelin Marjo‐Riitta , Jones Peter , Murray Graham K. , Nordström Tanja , Heinimaa Markus , Miettunen Jouko , Veijola Juha , Riekki Tiina 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundSeveral psychological symptoms in adolescence associate with later development of psychosis. However, it is unclear which symptoms specifically predict psychotic disorders rather than psychiatric disorders in general. We conducted a prospective study comparing how specific adolescent psychotic‐like symptoms, predicted psychotic and non‐psychotic hospital‐treated psychiatric disorders in the population‐based Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 (NFBC1986).MethodsAt age 15–16 years, 6632 members of the NFBC1986 completed the PROD‐screen questionnaire. New hospital‐treated mental disorders of the NFBC1986 participants were detected between age 17 and 30 years from the Finnish Care Register for Health Care. Multiple covariates were used in the analysis.ResultsDuring the follow‐up, 1.1% of the participants developed a psychotic and 3.2% a non‐psychotic psychiatric disorder. Three symptoms were specifically associated with onset of psychosis compared to non‐psychotic psychiatric disorders: ‘Difficulty in controlling one's speech, behaviour or facial expression while communicating’ (adjusted OR 4.00; 95% CI 1.66–9.92), ‘Difficulties in understanding written text or heard speech’ (OR 2.25; 1.12–4.51), and ‘Difficulty or uncertainty in making contact with other people’ (OR 2.20; 1.03–4.67). Of these, the first one remained statistically significant after Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons.ConclusionTo our knowledge, this is the first general‐population‐based prospective study exploring psychiatric symptoms predicting the onset of hospital‐treated first‐episode psychosis in comparison to non‐psychotic disorders. We found three symptoms related with difficulties in social interaction which predicted onset of psychosis. This is a novel finding and should be replicated.
Morphology, accumulation and survival of Desmanthus under different planting densities and harvest heights
Authors: Medeiros Aurielle S. , dos Santos Mércia V. F. , da Cunha Márcio V. , de Mello Alexandre C. L. , Simões Neto Djalma E. , de Oliveira Osniel F. , Muir James P. , Dubeux Jose C. B. , dos Santos André E. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe use of legumes is an important strategy for animal feeding, especially during the dry season. The aim was to evaluate the effect of planting densities (40,000; 15,625 and 10,000 plants ha−1) and harvest heights (20 and 40 cm) on the morphology, accumulation and survival of Desmanthus (Desmanthus pernambucanus [L.] Thellung), cultivated in subhumid tropical region, as well as to estimate the repeatability of the evaluated characteristics and the optimal number of measurements. The treatments were randomized in blocks, with subdivided plots and four replicates. Planting densities were evaluated in the plots and the harvest heights in the subplots. Eight harvests were carried out with an interval of 84 days. Morphological and productive characteristics and survival were evaluated. Cultivation under density of 40,000 plants ha−1 produced taller plants, with higher leaf area index (LAI = 0.98), light interception (LI = 49%), individual accumulations (18.8 g DM plant−1) and by area (576.5 kg DM ha−1 harvest−1), although resulting in reduced plant stand (66%). Harvest heights do not affect accumulation and survival. It is possible to reduce the number of measurements for stem diameter, number of leaflets per leaf (R2 = 95%), plant height, canopy diameter, LAI, LI, leaf length and width, number of leaves per branch, branch diameter and LBR (R2 = 90%), optimizing resources for future research. Desmanthus has potential for use in protein banks, being harvested in the rainy season, conserved and supplied in addition to animals, but plant growth is minimal during the dry season under rainfed conditions.
Loss of H3K27 trimethylation in a distinct group of de‐differentiated chordoma of the skull base
Authors: Makise Naohiro , Shimoi Tatsunori , Sunami Kuniko , Aoyagi Yasuko , Kobayashi Hiroshi , Tanaka Shota , Kawai Akira , Yonemori Kan , Ushiku Tetsuo , Yoshida Akihiko 
Published: October 2022

De‐differentiated chordoma is defined as a high‐grade sarcoma lacking notochordal differentiation, which arises in association with conventional chordoma. The mechanism underlying de‐differentiation remains unclear. We immunohistochemically investigated trimethylation at lysine 27 of histone 3 (H3K27me3) in nine de‐differentiated chordomas. The tumours occurred at the skull base (n = 5) or the sacrum (n = 4) in four men and five women with a median age of 50 years. De‐differentiation occurred de novo in four cases and at recurrence/metastasis in five cases. Five tumours retained H3K27me3, whereas four showed complete loss of H3K27me3 only in the de‐differentiated component, while the conventional chordoma component retained H3K27me3. All the H3K27me3‐negative tumours showed co‐loss of dimethylation at H3K27 (H3K27me2), consistent with inactivation of polycomb repressive complex 2. Two genetically analysed H3K27me3‐negative tumours harboured EED homozygous deletions. All four H3K27me3‐negative de‐differentiated chordomas affected the skull base of young or middle‐aged women. Unlike dense proliferation of highly pleomorphic spindle or epithelioid cells in the H3K27me3‐positive de‐differentiated chordomas, all H3K27me3‐negative tumours displayed swirling fascicles of relatively uniform spindle cells with alternating cellularity and perivascular accentuation, resembling malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour (MPNST). Rhabdomyoblastic differentiation was present in one H3K27me3‐negative tumour. We identified a novel group of de‐differentiated chordomas in the skull base that lost H3K27me3/me2 only in the de‐differentiated component, which was associated with EED homozygous deletion and MPNST‐like histology. Our data suggest a distinct ‘polycomb‐type’ de‐differentiation pathway in chordoma, similar to a recently described de‐differentiated chondrosarcoma with H3K27me3 loss.