bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dispersal of pathogen-associated multispecies biofilm by novel probiotic Bacillus subtilis in a contact-dependent manner
Authors: Sudan Sudhanshu , Li Julang 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Aims
Biofilms are involved in pathogenesis of various bacterial infections. Treatment of biofilm-related bacterial infection remains a major challenge due to the reduced efficacy of antibiotics and associated antibiotic resistance. Given the high prevalence of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)-related infections and associated drug resistance, it is imperative to develop alternative strategies for treatment and prevention. The current study investigated antibiofilm activity of a recently isolated Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis-9) against these pathogens.

Methods and Results
Crystal violet staining showed that treatment with B. subtilis-9 significantly reduced biofilm biomass of ETEC (60%–80%), S. Typhimurium (68%–73%) and MRSA (66%–82%). In addition, B. subtilis-9 significantly reduced pre-formed biofilm biomass of ETEC (59%), S. Typhimurium (62%), MRSA (65%) and multispecies (58%). Fluorescence microscopy revealed that B. subtilis-9 treatment significantly reduced the thickness of biofilm and viability of the embedded bacteria. Additionally, B. subtilis-9 significantly reduced planktonic cell growth of ETEC (92%), S. Typhimurium (94%) and MRSA (93%). Interestingly, transwell assay showed that B. subtilis-9 exhibited antibiofilm properties in a cell-to-cell contact-dependent manner and significantly reduced mRNA expression of biofilm-related genes, bssS, luxS and ihfB in ETEC.

Conclusion
Novel B. subtilis-9 exhibits a strong inhibitory activity against ETEC, S. Typhimurium and MRSA biofilm formation and adhesion to abiotic surfaces. With further investigations, our study could bring forward a novel Bacillus-based probiotic intervention strategy to combat pathogenic biofilms, in clinical and agricultural settings.

Significance and Impact of the Study
Probiotic bacteria propose a potential alternative in combating biofilm-related infections, however, data on the efficacy and strain selection are limited. Data from this study are critical in further developing Bacillus-based novel probiotic applications that may reduce the use of antibiotics in biofilm-related infections in humans and animals.
Evaluation of a novel multiplex qPCR method for rapid detection and quantification of pathogens associated with calf diarrhoea
Authors: Pansri Potjamas , Svensmark Birgitta , Liu Gang , Thamsborg Stig Milan , Kudirkiene Egle , Nielsen Henrik Vedel , Goecke Nicole Bakkegård , Olsen John Elmerdahl 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Aims
Diarrhoea is a common health problem in calves and a main reason for use of antimicrobials. It is associated with several bacterial, viral and parasitic pathogens, most of which are commonly present in healthy animals. Methods, which quantify the causative agents, may therefore improve confidence in associating a pathogen to the disease. This study evaluated a novel commercially available, multiplex quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay (Enterit4Calves) for detection and quantification of pathogens associated with calf-diarrhoea.

Methods and Results
Performance of the method was first evaluated under laboratory conditions. Then it was compared with current routine methods for detection of pathogens in faecal samples from 65 calves with diarrhoea and in 30 spiked faecal samples. The qPCR efficiencies were between 84%–103% and detection limits of 100–1000 copies of nucleic acids per sample were observed. Correct identification was obtained on 42 strains of cultured target bacteria, with only one false positive reaction from 135 nontarget bacteria. Kappa values for agreement between the novel assay and current routine methods varied between 0.38 and 0.83.

Conclusion
The novel qPCR method showed good performance under laboratory conditions and a fair to good agreement with current routine methods when used for testing of field samples.

Significance and impact of study
In addition to having fair to good detection abilities, the novel qPCR method allowed quantification of pathogens. In the future, use of quantification may improve diagnosis and hence treatment of calf diarrhoea.
Effect of canagliflozin on the decline of estimated glomerular filtration rate in chronic kidney disease patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A multicenter, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, parallel‐group, phase III study in Japan
Authors: Wada Takashi , Mori‐Anai Kazumi , Takahashi Akiko , Matsui Takahiro , Inagaki Masaya , Iida Mitsutaka , Maruyama Ken , Tsuda Hidetaka 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAims/IntroductionThe Canagliflozin and Renal Events in Diabetes with Established Nephropathy Clinical Evaluation (CREDENCE) trial has shown the effects of canagliflozin on preventing clinically important kidney outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease; however, not many Japanese patients were included in the trial. The present study evaluated the efficacy and safety of canagliflozin in Japanese chronic kidney disease patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Materials and MethodsIn this multicenter, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, parallel‐group, phase III study, chronic kidney disease patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were randomly assigned to receive either 100 mg canagliflozin or a matching placebo once daily for 104 weeks. The primary efficacy end‐point was the incidence of a 30% decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate.ResultsOverall, 308 patients were randomized to the canagliflozin (n = 154) and placebo (n = 154) groups. The incidence of a 30% decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate at week 104 was 18.2% and 29.5%, respectively, and the point estimate of the intergroup difference (placebo − canagliflozin) was 11.3% (95% confidence interval 1.2–21.5, P = 0.029), which was significant. The overall incidence of adverse events was similar in the two groups.ConclusionsThis study suggests that canagliflozin safely reduces the risk of end‐stage renal disease in Japanese chronic kidney disease patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Whole‐genome analysis of red sea bream iridovirus spread in 2021 in Japan provided epidemiological and viral traits insight
Authors: Ishihara Hikaru , Harakawa Shogo , Kawakami Hidemasa , Yoshii Keisuke , Murase Naoya , Yamada Hidetoshi , Fukuda Yutaka , Nozaki Reiko , Kawato Satoshi , Koiwai Keiichiro , Hirono Ikuo , Kondo Hidehiro 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRed sea bream iridovirus (RSIV) is the pathogen that causes red sea bream iridoviral disease. It causes a huge loss to the Japanese aquaculture industry. In 2021, outbreaks of red sea bream iridovirus occurred in South Japan. This study analysed nine whole‐genome sequences of RSIV isolated in Oita and Ehime Prefectures in 2021 using a short‐read next‐generation sequencer. Nine isolates had highly uniform sequences, and there was no variant depending on locations or host species. Phylogenetic analyses with other reported megalocytivirus isolates showed that RSIV isolated in 2021 was genetically different from RSIV previously isolated in Oita and Ehime Prefectures in 2017–2019. These results suggest that RSIV isolated in Oita and Ehime Prefectures in 2021 might spread from a common ancestor different from the recent one. Additionally, it was found that RSIV isolated in 2021 had sequence mutations on protein‐coding sequences that may be involved in viral pathogenicity and infectivity.
Modeling of vacuum drying of pressed mycelium (Pleurotus eryngii) and its microstructure and physicochemical properties
Authors: Mandliya Shubham , Vishwakarma Siddharth , Mishra Hari Niwas 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMycelium is the vegetative part of the fungus that grows and forms fruiting bodies, called mushrooms. The Pleurotus eryngii variety mycelium is highly nutritious but perishable due to its high moisture content, making its drying necessary for further application. Pressing as a novel pre‐treatment was applied to fresh mycelium from 3 to 5 kN force for 20–50 s, and its effect on drying time was observed. The pressed mycelium was further vacuum dried at different temperatures (40–60°C) and pressure (60–260 mmHg) conditions. The drying data was fitted with 10 thin layer drying models, and Akaike information criteria was applied for selecting the best model. The physicochemical properties like browning index (BI), water activity (aw), water absorption index (WAI), water solubility index, and flowability were calculated. The study found that pressing at 5 kN for 30 s reduced the moisture content from 89% to 52% wb and drying time by 48%–50%. The drying curves showed lower drying time at higher vacuum and temperature conditions. The drying modeling suggested the best fit for Page, Wang and Singh, Verma, and Midilli models (R2 > .9867, RMSE < .0514, SSE < .0112). The Akaike information criterion showed that the Midilli model is in good agreement with drying data (Akaike increment = 0) at seven conditions. Mycelium dried at 60°C and 60 mmHg showed less aw (0.215 ± 0.004) and BI (28.946 ± 0.066), and maximum WAI (5.365 ± 0.046 g/g). Flowability of the dried mycelium is not affected (p < .05) by vacuum drying conditions.Practical ApplicationsPressing as a non‐thermal pre‐treatment for drying can be used to reduce the drying time thereby saving the energy. As a natural fortificant, vacuum‐dried mycelium has potential in improving the nutritional status of the food products. Furthermore, the drying modeling will aid in the creation of optimum drying conditions for mycelium and the design of a commercial‐scale continuous drying system.
Real‐world clinical features, health‐care utilization, and economic burden in decompensated cirrhosis patients: A national database
Authors: Lee Hankil , Kim Beom Kyung 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundPatients with decompensated cirrhosis are well known to experience morbidity and mortality.AimWe assessed clinical characteristics, health‐care utilization, and economic burden according to the type, number, and combination of decompensation‐related complications.MethodsWe used recent nationally representative sample data from 2016 to 2018, covering approximately 13% of hospitalized patients in South Korea annually. Decompensation‐related complications included ascites, hepatic encephalopathy (HE), gastroesophageal variceal (GEV) bleeding, and hepatorenal syndrome (HRS).ResultsAmong 14 601 patients with decompensated cirrhosis, 11 201 (76.7%) experienced ≥ 1 decompensation‐related complications, and approximately three‐quarters underwent hospitalization. The most prevalent decompensation‐related complications were ascites (54.8%), GEV bleeding (33.2%), HE (27.4%), and HRS (3.6%). Patients with GEV bleeding exhibited the highest hospitalization rate (95.7%), and patients with HE or HRS underwent hospitalization for 4 weeks/year due to decompensated cirrhosis. Hospitalization costs were 1.9 times higher in patients with HRS than in those with ascites alone ($9022 vs $4673; P < 0.01). Once patients developed decompensation‐related complications, 41.3% had ≥ 2 types of decompensation‐related complications. As the number of decompensation‐related complications increased from 0 to ≥ 3, health‐care utilization and economic burden significantly increased in a stepwise manner; patients with ascites, GEV bleeding, and HE visited medical institutions 2.2 times more (11 vs 5/year; P < 0.01) and incurred 6.4 times greater medical expenditure ($11 060 vs $1728/year; P < 0.01) than those with ascites only.ConclusionA substantial proportion of patients had multiple decompensation‐related complications and socioeconomic burdens for decompensated cirrhosis considering admission rate, hospital stay, and costs increased markedly, depending on the number of decompensation‐related complications.
Inclusive Care for Birthing Transgender Men: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Gedzyk‐Nieman Stephanie A. , McMillian‐Bohler Jacquelyn 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe conducted a review of literature to examine the experiences of transgender men (transmen) seeking pregnancy care. Our review revealed that transmen and cisgender persons desire pregnancy at similar rates; however, transmen experience discrimination from health care systems and providers. Additionally, pregnant transmen may experience unique psychological needs and require support for postpartum contraception and lactation. Based on a synthesis of the available literature, we offer strategies for providing inclusive care for birthing transmen and resources for further professional development related to transgender health issues.
Effect of DHA supplementation on broilers' growth performance, meat quality and blood profile
Authors: Wahid Sumaya T. , Kim In Ho 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDocosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is vital in the meat composition of broilers which is helpful to maintain a healthy diet in humans. The purpose of this study is to observe the effect of DHA from fish oil on growth performance, organ weight, and meat quality along with the blood profile of broilers. A total of 1600, 1‐day old, Ross 308 broilers with an average body weight of 43.15 ± 1.35 g were used in 5 weeks trail. Birds were randomly allotted into one of four dietary treatment groups named: control (CON), basal diet; treatment (TRT)1, CON + 0.05% DHA; TRT2, CON + 0.1% DHA; TRT3, CON + 0.15% DHA. Each treatment group consisted of 20 replications with 20 broilers per pen. The experiment was divided into three phases. Phase 1 (Day 1–7), Phase 2 (Day 7–21), and overall phase (Day 21–35). During Phase 1 and 2, no significant changes were observed on body weight gain (BWG) as the DHA levels increased in the diet. However, during Phase 3, broilers fed diet supplemented with DHA at increasing levels linearly increased (p < 0.05) BWG and feed intake (FI). Also, water holding capacity was reduced and drip loss percentage on Day 7 was increased linearly (p < 0.05) with the increase in DHA supplementation. At the end of trial, pH value of the meat was increased linearly (p < 0.05) with DHA levels. Moreover, blood cholesterol level, high‐density lipoprotein, low‐density lipoprotein was significantly and linearly (p < 0.05) decreased in DHA supplemented groups. Broiler‐fed diet with DHA supplement decreased the red blood cell linearly (p < 0.05) in blood. The results of the study indicate that DHA supplementation increased BWG with FI. Moreover, it has reduced blood lipid constituents with some adverse effect on meat quality.
Bone density of the humeral condyle in Labrador retrievers with medial coronoid process disease
Authors: Gander Soares D. , Allen M. J. , Burton N. J. 
Published: July 2022

ObjectivesTo estimate, using CT imaging, differences in the regional bone density of the humeral condyle in Labrador retriever elbows with and without medial coronoid process disease.Materials and MethodsThe elbows of Labrador Retrievers that had undergone CT were reviewed. Scans were divided into three categories: elbows without medial coronoid process disease; elbows with medial coronoid process disease involving fragmentation of the radial incisure; elbows with medial coronoid process disease involving fragmentation of the medial coronoid apex. A templating technique was employed to define the weight‐bearing regions of the medial and lateral portion of the humeral condyle and estimates of volumetric bone density (defined by Hounsfield unit measurement) were compared across the three groups.ResultsCT evaluation was performed on 122 elbows in 81 dogs. There was a higher mean Hounsfield unit measurement in the medial and lateral portions of the humeral condyles in elbows with medial coronoid process disease involving fragmentation of the medial coronoid apex compared with elbows with medial coronoid process disease involving fragmentation of the radial incisure.Clinical SignificanceDogs with apical fragmentation of the medial coronoid process exhibited significantly higher estimated bone mineral density within the medial portion of the humeral condyle when compared to dogs with radial incisure fragmentation. The medial portion of the humeral condyle may be associated with the pathogenesis of apical but not radial incisure medial coronoid process fragmentation in Labrador Retrievers.
Headspace control and antimicrobials: Inhibition strategies to prevent the growth of Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris in orange juice
Authors: Gamboa P. , Worsfold J. , Davidovich G. , Acosta O. , Usaga J. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris can cause spoilage in orange juice that leads to consumer rejection. Six different orange juices were physiochemically characterized (pH, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, total polyphenols and vitamin C). A bottle for each sampling point per juice was filled (headspace: 40% volume) and inoculated with 102–103 CFU per ml of A. acidoterrestris ATCC® 49025™ (heat shocked before inoculation: 75°C, 20 min). Samples were stored for 21 days at 45 ± 1°C and plate counted periodically on acidified YSG agar (pH 3·7) incubated at 45 ± 1°C for 3 days. The effect of headspace (6% versus 40% volume) on A. acidoterrestris growth was also evaluated. The effect of nisin (0·006, 0·003, 0·0015, and 0·00075%), sodium benzoate (0·1%), potassium sorbate (0·1%) and a mix of benzoate and sorbate (0·05% each) on A. acidoterrestris was additionally addressed. Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris reached up to 107 CFU per ml in five of the six juices in less than 1 week. Headspace significantly impacted (P &lt; 0·05) A. acidoterrestris maximum population, which reached the critical value of 5 log CFU per ml at 40% headspace. All preservatives, regardless of concentration, showed a bacteriostatic effect during 22 days of storage with no significant differences amongst treatments (P &gt; 0·05).
Neisseria gonorrhoeae culture growth rates from asymptomatic individuals with a positive nucleic acid amplification test
Authors: Nadal-Baron P. , Salmerón P. , García J. N. , Trejo-Zahinos J. , Sulleiro E. , Lopez L. , Jiménez de Egea C. , Zarzuela F. , Ruiz E. , Blanco-Grau A. , Llinas M. , Barberá M. J. , Larrosa M. N. , Pumarola T. , Hoyos-Mallecot Y. ,   on behalf of the Drassanes Exprés Collaborative Group, Arando Maider , Descalzo Vicente , Rascón Desideria Martínez , Muñoz Encarnación Arellano , Zaragoza María Ángeles Álvarez , Elcoso Mercedes Gosch , Villanueva José Ignacio Pilarte , Mesa Laura , Rubio Lourdes 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Gonorrhoea infections are frequently diagnosed at extragenital locations in asymptomatic individuals and are historically related to poor recovery in culture, which hinders antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The aim of this study was to evaluate recovery rates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae by culture among asymptomatic individuals who tested positive by nucleic acid amplification tests between 2018 and 2019 in Barcelona (Spain). In total, 10 396 individuals were tested for N. gonorrhoeae on first-void urine, rectal, pharyngeal and/or vaginal swabs depending on sexual behaviour. Overall infection prevalence was 5·5% (95% confidence interval [CI] 5·0–5·9). Seven hundred and ten samples were positive corresponding to 567 individuals. The most common site of infection was the pharynx (71·3%), followed by rectum (23·1%) and genitals (4·7%) (P &lt; 0·0001). The N. gonorrhoeae recovery rate in culture, time from positive screening to culture specimen and inoculation delay were calculated. Recovery rate was 21·7% in pharynx, 66·9% in rectum and 37·0% in genitals (25·0% vagina, 71·4% urethra) (P &lt; 0·0001). Median culture collection time was 1 [0; 3] days, and median inoculation delay was 5·01 [4·99–7·99] h, with no impact on N. gonorrhoeae recovery, P = 0·8367 and P = 0·7670, respectively. Despite efforts towards optimizing pre-analytical conditions, the N. gonorrhoeae recovery rate in asymptomatic individuals is unacceptably low (especially for pharynx), representing a problem for monitoring antimicrobial-resistant infections.
Low‐temperature thermal properties of iron meteorites
Authors: Noyes Christopher S. , Consolmagno Guy. J. , Macke Robert J. , Britt Daniel T. , Opeil Cyril P. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe have measured the thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity of subsamples from four iron meteorites with nickel concentrations between 5% and 8% (Agoudal, Canyon Diablo, Muonionalusta, and Sikhote‐Alin) at temperatures between 5 and 300 K. From these, we have calculated their thermal diffusivity and thermal inertia values across this temperature range. For comparison, we also measured subsamples from two L chondrites (NWA 11038 and NWA 11344) at the same time, using the same methods. The thermal diffusivity results of the irons show a relatively constant value for T > 100 K with a characteristic low‐temperature maxima at ∼5 K for the iron meteorites; by contrast, the diffusivities of the L chondrites fell by a factor of two over this range and reached low‐temperature maxima at ∼20 K. Thermal inertia values show a crossover behavior, with a strong increase in thermal inertia as temperatures drop below 55 K and a less dramatic change at higher temperatures. Our new diffusivity and inertia values cover a wider range of temperatures than previous literature data for iron meteorites. They also provide a useful ground truth in understanding remotely sensed thermal inertias of potentially metal‐rich asteroids, including 16 Psyche, target of the NASA Psyche mission.
Oral microbiome diversity: The curious case of Corynebacterium sp. isolation
Authors: Treerat Puthayalai , McGuire Brian , Palmer Elizabeth , Dahl Erin M. , Karstens Lisa , Merritt Justin , Kreth Jens 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOral microbiome sequencing efforts revealed the presence of hundreds of different microbes. Interindividual differences at strain and species resolution suggest that microbiome diversity could lead to mechanistically distinct gene regulation as well as species‐related differences in phenotypes. Commonly, gene regulation and related phenotypes are studied in a few selected strains of a particular species with conclusions that are mostly generalized. The aim of this study was to isolate several species of Corynebacterium using an established protocol that led to the previous isolation of C. durum. Characterization of C. durum interspecies interactions revealed a specific mechanism for chain elongation in Streptococcus sanguinis that was the result of corynebacterial fatty acid production and secretion. While the protocol was successfully applied to isolate what we presumed to be additional Corynebacterium based on several phenotypic traits that seem to be identical to C. durum, genome sequencing of the newly isolated strains placed them closer to Actinomyces. Both Corynebacterium and Actinomyces are suborders of the Actinobacteridae and related species. Our study suggests to take several comprehensive strategies into consideration when taxonomically identifying closely related microorganisms. Furthermore, it seems to be important to test common core phenotypes in bacterial ecology to understand the behavior of specific groups of microbes, rather than simply relying upon genome sequence homology to establish relationships in the microbiome.