bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Results of the Kigali Imbereheza Project: A 2-Arm Individually Randomized Trial of TI-CBT Enhanced to Address ART Adherence and Mental Health for Rwandan Youth Living With HIV
Authors: Donenberg Geri R. , Fitts Jessica , Ingabire Charles , Nsanzimana Sabin , Fabri Mary , Emerson Erin , Remera Eric , Manzi Olivier , Bray Bethany , Cohen Mardge H. 
Published: January 2022

Background:Adolescents living with HIV have elevated mental distress and suboptimal antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence.Setting:Two urban clinics in Kigali, Rwanda.Methods:A 2-arm individual randomized controlled trial compared Trauma-Informed Cognitive Behavioral Therapy enhanced to address HIV (TI-CBTe) with usual care (time-matched, long-standing, unstructured support groups) with 356 12- to 21-year-old (M = 16.78) Rwandans living with HIV. TI-CBTe included 6 group-based 2-hour sessions led by trained and supervised 21- to 25-year-old Rwandans living with HIV. Participants reported their ART adherence, depression/anxiety, and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder symptoms at baseline, 6, 12, and 18 months.Results:ART adherence was relatively high at baseline, and youth reported elevated rates of depression/anxiety and trauma symptoms. There were no differential treatment effects on adherence, but depression/anxiety improved over time. Youth with lower depression/anxiety at baseline seemed to benefit more from TI-CBTe than usual care, whereas women with high baseline distress seemed to benefit more from usual care. Youth were less likely to score in high Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder symptom categories at the follow-up, with no differential treatment effects.Conclusions:TI-CBTe did not outperform usual care on ART adherence, possibly reflecting relatively high adherence at baseline, simplified medication regimens over time, a strong comparison condition, or because youth assigned to TI-CBTe returned to their support groups after the intervention. TI-CBTe was more effective for youth with lower depression/anxiety symptoms, whereas youth with high distress benefitted more from the support groups. TI-CBTe was feasible and acceptable, and young adults living with HIV were able to deliver a mental health intervention with fidelity. The powerful nature of the comparison group, ongoing support groups, points to the potential value of locally crafted interventions in low-resource settings.
Effect of Stromal Vascular Fractions on Angiogenesis of Injected Diced Cartilage
Authors: Yin Han , Xie Cong , Li Li , Zeng Li , Zhu Zi-Wen , Chen Nian , Xie Hong-Ju , Liao Jun-Lin 
Published: January 2022

Objectives:
This study explored the effect of adipose-derived stromal vascular fractions (SVFs) on angiogenesis in injected autologous diced cartilage.

Methods:
Stromal vascular fractions were extracted by enzymatic digestion. Cartilage grafts were harvested from 1 side of the auricular cartilage of New Zealand rabbit and then diced to a size of 1.0 mm3. The grafts were divided into 2 groups. The control group was diced cartilage mixed with culture medium, and the experimental group was diced cartilage mixed with SVFs. The 2 groups of composite grafts were subcutaneously implanted on both sides of the back of each rabbit. After 4, 12 and 24 weeks, the tissue structure, number of blood vessels, and angiogenic factors in the grafts were observed.

Results:
The SVFs conformed to the current standard of the biological evaluation. Under an inverted microscope, the number of layers of chondrocytes in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group at 4 weeks. A small number of inflammatory cells and blood vessels were observed around the cartilage grafts. At 12 and 24 weeks, the volume of tissue was increased gradually by general observation. And a large number of chondrocytes were observed microscopically, whereas the number of inflammatory cells decreased. And meanwhile additional new blood vessels were observed. Immunohistochemical analysis of CD31 showed that the number of capillaries in the control group was significantly lower than that in the experimental group at 4, 12 and 24 weeks. Further, the expression of Hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA and protein were measured by RT-PCR and Western bloting, respectively. The results showed that the mRNA expression of VEGF and HIF-1α in the experimental group was increased. The mRNA level remained higher than that of the control group at 24 weeks (P < 0.05). And the relative expression levels of VEGF and HIF-1α protein in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group at 4, 12 and 24 weeks (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Autologous diced cartilage mixed with adipose-derived SVFs can promote angiogenesis when transplanted by injection. Further research showed that SVFs could increase the expression levels of VEGF and HIF-1α in the grafts, which may be part of the mechanism that SVFs promoted the angiogenesis of diced cartilage.
Steroid Use in Palatoplasty: A Single Surgeon Comparative Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Lee Jessica A. , Erpenbeck Sarah P. , Egro Francesco M. , Grunwaldt Lorelei J. 
Published: January 2022

Background:
Fistula rates in cleft palate repair vary by technique, surgeon, and institution. Although steroids are commonly used in airway surgery, many plastic surgeons are reluctant to use steroids because of concerns with wound healing. This study aims to assess outcomes and safety of steroid use in Furlow palatoplasty and determine its impact on fistula formation.

Methods:
A retrospective cohort study was done of all cleft palate surgeries performed by a single surgeon between 2010 and 2014. Data reviewed included demographics, type of cleft, steroid use, length of surgery, length of stay, and fistula formation rate.

Results:
One hundred thirty-five patients underwent palatoplasty, of which 101 received steroids and 34 did not. The mean age was 4.6 years. A total of 42.2% of patients underwent primary palatoplasty, 48.1% underwent submucous cleft palatoplasty, and 9.7% underwent conversion palatoplasty. The overall fistula rate was 1.5% and was comparable between the 2 groups (steroids = 2.0%, no steroids = 0.0%, P = 0.558), and all occurred in primary palatoplasty patients. The average length of stay in the hospital was shorter among patients receiving steroids (steroids = 2.0 days, no steroids = 2.5 days, P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
Steroid use in cleft palate surgery appears to be safe and likely not associated with impaired wound healing or increased fistula formation. It may also shorten length of hospitalization.
Cleft Lip and Palate Repair Training to Bridge the Gap in Low-Income Countries
Authors: Borg Tiffanie-Marie , Hong Shek , Ghanem Ali 
Published: January 2022

Introduction:
There is a significant unmet need for cleft repair in low-income countries. The procedure is challenging due to limited access, small fragile flaps, and the depth at which sutures need to be placed. The aim of this analysis is to review available literature pertaining to cleft lip and palate repair training, with a focus on those applicable to low-income countries.

Methodology:
Literature searches of Medline and EMBase were performed to identify studies of cleft lip and/or palate training. Terms including “cleft,” “lip,” “palate,” and “training” were searched. Literature published in English from inception to May 2021 in which the full text was available was considered for inclusion. Studies were included on the basis that they included interventions such as virtual/online training, simulation training, courses, fellowships, and/or hospital-based training. Studies that met this criterion were further assessed using a validated scoring tool then the applicability of each training strategy for low-income countries reviewed.

Results:
Nineteen studies were included in this analysis. Of these 4 studies pertained to online training, 11 studies illustrated cleft models and simulation training, while 4 studies highlighted the role of charity led training achieved through direct hospital teaching and fellowship programs. The training strategies described have been summarised and presented herein in a narrative format. The simplicity, fidelity, and training benefit of palatoplasty models has also been described.

Conclusions:
Cleft lip and palate repair training should be accessible to surgeons in low-income countries. Direct practical experience has an important role in training to perform cleft procedures. Affordable, simple simulation models that resemble human tissue are essential so that surgeons can safely practice skills between initial training and operating on a living child.
Complication Rates From Otoplasty at a Tertiary Facial Plastic Surgery Center: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: AlAwadh Ibrahim , Alassiry Hassan , Bogari Ahmad , Alabduljabbar Ziyad , AlDosari Badi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract:
Prominent ears are considered the most common congenital external ear deformity among Caucasians. Affecting approximately 5% of the population, it runs in families and exhibits equal sex incidence. This study aimed to determine the complication rate from otoplasty in a tertiary facial plastic surgery center. This retrospective cross-sectional study included all patients with prominent ears deformities who underwent otoplasty at King Abdul-Aziz University Hospital between January 2019 and June 2021. The records of 116 patients who underwent otoplasty during the study period were examined and only 44 matched the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The total of 85 operated ears from 44 patients were included. Of these, 17 were pediatric patients and 25 were male patients. Forty-one patients underwent bilateral otoplasty and 3 underwent unilateral otoplasty. Complications occurred in 17/85 (20%) patients and the complications included recurrence 4 (4.70%), hypertrophic scar 3 (3.52%), keloid 2 (2.35), granuloma 2 (2.35%), infection 2 (2.35%), discomfort 1 (1.17%), wound dehiscence 1 (1.17%), hematoma 1 (1.17%), and retracted ear 1 (1.17%). The overall patient satisfaction was 38/44 (86.36%). Our study is first study conducted in middle east about otoplasty complications. It showed that the complications from otoplasty surgery varied from severe to mild, with acceptable overall satisfactory results. The most common complication was recurrence. Fortunately, serious complications, such as wound dehiscence and hematoma, were rare. However, our study’s small sample size remains a major limitation.
The impact of restorative green environment on mental health of big cities and the role of mental health professionals
Authors: Siah Chiew-Jiat Rosalind , Kua Ee Heok , Goh Yong-Shian Shawn 
Published: January 2022

Purpose of review
To provide an update on insights into the effectiveness of the green environment and forest on the mental health of city dwellers; and the role of mental health professionals in advocating green restorative therapies.

Recent findings
The studies reviewed in this paper confirmed the mental health benefits on individuals who engaged in the green environment and forest. Results of studies showed that the participants reported significantly higher positive effects. However, it is difficult to compare studies because of marked differences in methodology and often lack of biological markers. With the recent global concern about climate warming, mental health professionals have a critical role to influence city planners on the importance of the green environment and the forest. In Singapore, the ’Therapeutic Garden’ project and ’Therapeutic Rainforest’ program are examples of mental health professionals working with government agencies for a ’city in nature’.

Summary
The benefits of the green environment and forest are emphasized especially on the psychological well being. In the light of the danger of climate warming, this review highlights the need for city planners to collaborate with mental health professionals to incorporate high-quality green spaces when planning the city of the future. There is an urgent need for better consultation between health agencies and local city government to create an appealing and diverse green environment within the city.
Putative host-derived insertions in the genomes of circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants
Authors: Yang Yiyan , Dufault-Thompson Keith , Fontenele Rafaela Salgado , Jiang Xiaofang 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTInsertions in the SARS-CoV-2 genome have the potential to drive viral evolution, but the source of the insertions is often unknown. Recent proposals have suggested that human RNAs could be a source of some insertions, but the small size of many insertions makes this difficult to confirm. Through an analysis of available direct RNA sequencing data from SARS-CoV-2 infected cells, we show that viral-host chimeric RNAs are formed through what are likely stochastic RNA-dependent RNA polymerase template switching events. Through an analysis of the publicly available GISAID SARS-CoV-2 genome collection, we identified two genomic insertions in circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants that are identical to regions of the human 18S and 28S rRNAs. These results provide direct evidence of the formation of viral-host chimeric sequences and the integration of host genetic material into the SARS-CoV-2 genome, highlighting the potential importance of host-derived insertions in viral evolution.IMPORTANCEThroughout the COVID-19 pandemic, the sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 genomes has revealed the presence of insertions in multiple globally circulating lineages of SARS-CoV-2, including the Omicron variant. The human genome has been suggested to be the source of some of the larger insertions, but evidence for this kind of event occurring is still lacking. Here, we leverage direct RNA sequencing data and SARS-CoV-2 genomes to show host-viral chimeric RNAs are generated in infected cells and two large genomic insertions have likely been formed through the incorporation of host rRNA fragments into the SARS-CoV-2 genome. These host-derived insertions may increase the genetic diversity of SARS-CoV-2 and expand its strategies to acquire genetic materials, potentially enhancing its adaptability, virulence, and spread.
Diurnal stomatal apertures profile and density ratios affect whole-canopy conductance, drought response, water-use efficiency and yield
Authors: Gosa Sanbon Chaka , Gebeyo Bogale Abebe , Patil Ravitejas , Mencia Ramón , Moshelion Menachem 
Published: January 2022

AbstractKey physiological traits of crop plants, such as transpiration, stomatal conductance, and photosynthesis are highly related to plant productivity. However, these traits are typically studied under steady-state conditions or modeled using only a few measured data points which do not reflect the dynamic behavior of the plant in response to field conditions. In this work, we hypothesized that the plastic behavior of whole-plant water balance regulation, as previously observed in tomato WT, was partially lost in the breeding process due to selective pressure towards productivity. We also hypothesized that this plastic behavior would be observed in some members of the tomato introgression lines (ILs) population, which was created by crossing the WT and M82 lines, particularly in ILs that demonstrate improved drought response. To overcome the steady-state bottleneck, and to test our hypothesis we used a gravimetric functional-phenotyping platform and a reverse-phenotyping method to examine the dynamic whole-plant water-regulation responses of tomato ILs and compared those responses with several years of yield performance in commercial fields. Indeed, our study enabled us to identify high plasticity in a few ideotypic ILs. We found that ideotype lines with highly plastic stomatal conductance and high abaxial-adaxial stomatal density ratios had stomatal apertures that peaked early in the day, even under water-deficit conditions. These traits resulted in dynamic daily water-use efficiency, along with rapid recovery of transpiration when irrigation was resumed after a period of imposed drought. Abaxial stomatal density was also found to be strongly correlated with the expression of the stomatal-development genesSPCHandZEP. This study demonstrates how a reverse functional phenotyping approach based on field yield data, continuous and simultaneous whole-plant water-balance measurements and anatomical examination of individual leaves can help us to understand and identify dynamic and complex yield-related physiological traits.
Genomic and transcriptomic data analyses highlight KPNB1 and MYL4 as novel risk genes for congenital heart disease
Authors: Broberg Martin , Ampuja Minna , Jones Samuel , Ojala Tiina , Rahkonen Otto , Kivelä Riikka , Priest James ,   FinnGen, Ollila Hanna M. , Helle Emmi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCongenital heart defects (CHD) are structural defects of the heart affecting approximately 1% of newborns. CHDs exhibit a complex inheritance pattern. While genetic factors are known to play an important role in the development of CHD, relatively few variants have been discovered so far and very few genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been conducted. We performed a GWAS of general CHD and five CHD subgroups in FinnGen followed by functional fine-mapping through eQTL analysis in the GTEx database, and target validation in human induced pluripotent stem cell - derived cardiomyocytes (hiPS-CM) from CHD patients. We discovered that the MYL4-KPNB1 locus (rs11570508, beta = 0.24, P = 1.2×10−11) was associated with the general CHD group. An additional four variants were significantly associated with the different CHD subgroups. Two of these, rs1342740627 associated with left ventricular outflow tract obstruction defects and rs1293973611 associated with septal defects, were Finnish population enriched. The variant rs11570508 associated with the expression of MYL4 (normalized expression score (NES) = 0.1, P = 0.0017, in the atrial appendage of the heart) and KPNB1 (NES = -0.037, P = 0.039, in the left ventricle of the heart). Furthermore, lower expression levels of both genes were observed in human induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CM) from CHD patients compared to healthy controls. Together, the results demonstrate KPNB1 and MYL4 as in a potential genetic risk loci associated with the development of CHD.
Developmental patterning function of GNOM ARF-GEF mediated from the plasma membrane
Authors: Adamowski Maciek , Matijević Ivana , Friml Jiří 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe GNOM (GN) Guanine nucleotide Exchange Factor for ARF small GTPases (ARF-GEF) is among the best studied trafficking regulators in plants, playing crucial and unique developmental roles in patterning and polarity. The current models place GN at the Golgi apparatus (GA), where it mediates secretion/recycling, and at the plasma membrane (PM) presumably contributing to clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME). The mechanistic basis of the developmental function of GN, distinct from the other ARF-GEFs including its homologue GNOM-LIKE1 (GNL1), remains elusive. Insights from this study redefine the current notions of GN function. We show that GN, but not GNL1, localizes to the PM at long-lived structures distinct from clathrin-coated pits, while CME and secretion proceed normally in gn knockouts. The functional GN mutant variant GNfewerroots, absent from the GA, suggests that PM is the major place of GN action responsible for its developmental function. Following inhibition by Brefeldin A, GN, but not GNL1, relocates to the PM likely on exocytic vesicles, suggesting selective molecular associations. A study of GN-GNL1 chimeric ARF-GEFs indicate that all GN domains contribute to the specific GN function in a partially redundant manner. Together, this study offers significant steps towards the elucidation of the mechanism underlying unique cellular and development functions of GN.
Pilot scale study on UV-C inactivation of bacterial endospores and virus particles in whole milk: evaluation of system efficiency and product quality
Authors: Vashisht Pranav , Pendyala Brahmaiah , Patras Ankit , Sudhir Gopisetty Vybhav Vipul , Ravi Ramasamy 
Published: January 2022

AbstractUV-C processing of whole milk (WM) using a designed pilot scale Dean flow system was conducted at flow rates (11.88, 23.77, and 47.55 gph), Reynolds number ranges from 2890-11562 and the Dean number (at curved region) calculated as (648-2595) to inactivate bacterial endospores and virus particles. Biodosimetry studies were conducted to quantify the reduction equivalent fluence at selected experimental conditions. Results revealed that the fluence distribution improved as flow rate increases, attributed to increase in Dean effects and turbulence intensity. Microbial inactivation studies conducted at 47.55 gph showed 0.91 ± 0.15 and 2.14 ± 0.19 log reduction/ pass forB. cereusendospores and T1UV phage. Linear inactivation trend was observed against number of passes which clearly demonstrates equivalent fluence delivery during each pass. Lipid peroxidation value and volatiles profile did not change significantly at UV fluence of 60 mJ/cm2. Lower EEOvalue signifies the higher electrical efficiency of the system.
Assessing Comparative Microbiome Performance in Plant Cell Wall Deconstruction Using Multi-‘omics-Informed Network Analysis
Authors: Tom Lauren M. , Aulitto Martina , Wu Yu-Wei , Deng Kai , Gao Yu , Xiao Naijia , Rodriguez Beatrice Garcia , Louime Clifford , Northen Trent R. , Eudes Aymerick , Mortimer Jenny C. , Adams Paul , Scheller Henrik , Simmons Blake A. , Ceja-Navarro Javier A. , Singer Steven W. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPlant cell walls are interwoven structures recalcitrant to degradation. Both native and adapted microbiomes are particularly effective at plant cell wall deconstruction. Studying these deconstructive microbiomes provides an opportunity to assess microbiome performance and relate it to specific microbial populations and enzymes. To establish a system assessing comparative microbiome performance, parallel microbiomes were cultivated on sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) from compost inocula. Biomass loss and biochemical assays indicated that these microbiomes diverged in their ability to deconstruct biomass. Network reconstructions from time-dependent gene expression identified key deconstructive groups within the adapted sorghum-degrading communities, including Actinotalea, Filomicrobium, and Gemmanimonadetes populations. Functional analysis of gene expression demonstrated that the microbiomes proceeded through successional stages that are linked to enzymes that deconstruct plant cell wall polymers. This combination of network and functional analysis highlighted the importance of celluloseactive Actinobacteria in differentiating the performance of these microbiomes.
Characterizing protein protonation microstates using Monte Carlo sampling
Authors: Khaniya Umesh , Mao Junjun , Wei Rongmei , Gunner M. R. 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTProteins are polyelectrolytes with acidic or basic amino acids making up ≈25% of the residues. The protonation state of all Asp, Glu, Arg, Lys, His and other protonatable residues, cofactors and ligands define each protonation microstate. As all of these residues will not be fully ionized or neutral, proteins exist in a mixture of microstates. The microstate distribution changes with pH. As the protein environment modifies the proton affinity of each site the distribution may also change in different reaction intermediates or as ligands are bound. Particular protonation microstates may be required for function, while others exist simply because there are many states with similar energy. Here, the protonation microstates generated in Monte Carlo sampling in MCCE are characterized in HEW lysozyme as a function of pH and bacterial photosynthetic reaction centers (RCs) in different reaction intermediates. The lowest energy and highest probability microstates are compared. The ΔG, ΔH and ΔS between the four protonation states of Glu35 and Asp52 in lysozyme are shown to be calculated with reasonable precision. A weighted Pearson correlation analysis identifies coupling between residue protonation states in RCs and how they change when the quinone in the QBsite is reduced.