bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Childhood Factors Associated with Muscular Strength Trajectories between Childhood and Mid-Adulthood
Authors: FRASER BROOKLYN J. , BLIZZARD LEIGH , CLELAND VERITY , BUSCOT MARIE-JEANNE , SCHMIDT MICHAEL D. , DWYER TERENCE , VENN ALISON J. , MAGNUSSEN COSTAN G. 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT

Purpose
To promote greater muscular strength across the life course and, in turn, help improve long-term health outcomes, strategies aimed at increasing muscular strength are required. To inform these strategies, this study identified childhood factors associated with muscular strength trajectories.

Methods
Prospective longitudinal study of 1280 Childhood Determinants of Adult Health participants who had a range of potentially modifiable factors (e.g., anthropometric measures, physical activity) and health and risk motivation items (e.g., attitudes, beliefs, and intentions on health-related actions) measured in childhood and had their muscular strength assessed up to three times between childhood and midlife. Associations between childhood factors and three predetermined life course muscular strength trajectories (identified previously using group-base trajectory modeling as follows: above average and increasing, average, and below average and decreasing) were examined using log multinomial regression.

Results
Greater physical fitness, physical activity, fat-free mass, enjoyment of physical activity, physical education, and school sports, and positive attitudes regarding the importance of exercising, staying fit, and body image were associated with a lower likelihood of being in the below average and decreasing muscular strength trajectory (relative risk range, 0.45–0.98). Greater physical fitness, physical activity, and fat-free mass, and attending an independent school were associated with a higher likelihood of being in the above average and increasing muscular strength trajectory (relative risk range, 1.03–1.93).

Conclusions
In addition to providing health benefits in the short term, physical activity, physical fitness, positive health attitudes, and healthy weight in childhood may lead to better muscular strength in the long term.
Push-off Dynamics Reveal Task-independent Alterations in Athletes Returning to Sport Following ACL Reconstruction
Authors: Huby Claire Louise , Miari Ioanna , Hagen Michiel , Verschueren Sabine , Vanrenterghem Jos , Smeets Annemie 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Athletes with an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction show persisting biomechanical and neuromuscular landing alterations. So far, most research focused on the landing phase of dynamic tasks where most ACL injuries occur. This study will assess whether these landing alterations are also present in the propulsion phase, in an attempt to identify generalised movement alterations.

Methods
Twenty-one athletes with ACLR (cleared by their surgeon and/or physiotherapist for return-to-sport) and twenty-one controls performed five single leg hop tasks. Propulsion kinematics, kinetics and muscle activations were compared between legs and between groups.

Results
Increased hamstrings activation was found during propulsion when comparing the ACLR limb to both the uninjured limb and the controls. Additionally, decreased internal knee extension moments were found in the ACLR limb compared to the uninjured limb.

Conclusions
Athletes with ACLR show task independent alterations that unload the knee during the propulsion phase of single leg hopping tasks. If longitudinal data deems these alterations to be maladaptive, more emphasis must be placed on their normalization during the propulsion phase, assuming beneficial carryover effects into the landing phase. Normalizing these patterns during rehabilitation may potentially reduce the risk of long-term complications such as re-injuries and posttraumatic osteoarthritis.
MRI data harmonization across sites using ComBat enhances classification of meningioma and glioma brain-tumors in dogs: a case study
Authors: Nandy Debmalya , Yang Xinyi , Jin Xin , Griffin Lynn , Kechris Katerina , Xing Fuyong 
Published: July 2022

Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in clinical patients is often evaluated for diagnostic purposes. However, to develop a disease classifier, imaging data can be “noisy”, as in being heterogeneous (e.g., obtained from multiple sites), having significant crossover between normal and pathological processes, being highly imbalanced for the outcome variable (i.e., unequal numbers of cases and controls), or due to a lack of accurate quantitative analysis tools that are transferable, easily usable, and accurate to generate the final image variables for machine learning analyses. Methods: In this article, we demonstrate the effectiveness of ComBat harmonization of heterogeneous MRI data on dogs’ brains, collected across multiple sites, prior to using them in the random forest (RF) classifier to attempt to differentiate the meningioma and the glioma tumor-types. We consider three image variables generated from each of the brain scans and three clinical covariates – age, sex, and breedtype – for each subject. The scans are generated either at Colorado State University (CSU) or outside CSU. We compare the RF classifier performance in identifying the two tumor types, with and without preprocessing the data with ComBat site-specific harmonization. Results: The post-ComBat disease classification accuracy measures – sensitivity, specificity, and total accuracy – indicate an overall significant edge in the RF performance compared to their without-ComBat counterparts across different scenarios. Moreover, incorporating both the image variables and the clinical covariates in the RF model results in the highest total accuracy. Conclusions: Use of MRI data in combination with clinical covariates is more informative than using only clinical covariates in classifying meningioma and glioma brain-tumors in dogs. Moreover, as a preprocessing step for MRI data, we recommend adjusting for the site-specific variability using ComBat harmonization prior to performing downstream analyses, such as disease classification.
Edge computing for Vehicle to Everything: a short review
Authors: Abdullah Mohd. Fikri Azli , Yogarayan Sumendra , Abdul Razak Siti Fatimah , Azman Afizan , Muhamad Amin Anang Hudaya , Salleh Mazrah 
Published: July 2022

Vehicle to Everything (V2X) communications and services have sparked considerable interest as a potential component of future Intelligent Transportation Systems. V2X serves to organise communication and interaction between vehicle to vehicle (V2V), vehicle to infrastructure (V2I), vehicle to pedestrians (V2P), and vehicle to networks (V2N). However, having multiple communication channels can generate a vast amount of data for processing and distribution. In addition, V2X services may be subject to performance requirements relating to dynamic handover and low latency communication channels. Good throughput, lower delay, and reliable packet delivery are the core requirements for V2X services. Edge Computing (EC) may be a feasible option to address the challenge of dynamic handover and low latency to allow V2X information to be transmitted across vehicles. Currently, existing comparative studies do not cover the applicability of EC for V2X. This review explores EC approaches to determine the relevance for V2X communication and services. EC allows devices to carry out part or all of the data processing at the point where data is collected. The emphasis of this review is on several methods identified in the literature for implementing effective EC. We describe each method individually and compare them according to their applicability. The findings of this work indicate that most methods can simulate the EC positioning under predefined scenarios. These include the use of Mobile Edge Computing, Cloudlet, and Fog Computing. However, since most studies are carried out using simulation tools, there is a potential limitation in that crucial data in the search for EC positioning may be overlooked and ignored for bandwidth reduction. The EC approaches considered in this work are limited to the literature on the successful implementation of V2X communication and services. The outcome of this work could considerably help other researchers better characterise EC applicability for V2X communications and services.
Pediatric malaria incidence and risk mapping in Sussundenga Municipality, Mozambique
Authors: Ferrao Joao , Mendes Roberto , Tungadza Alberto , Bernardo Bernardo , Searle Kelly 
Published: July 2022

Background: Malaria is a parasitic borne disease that affects red blood cells. The disease is preventable, detectable and treatable and more common in poor resource settings. Malaria is undoubtedly one of the main public health concerns impacting families and the economy in Mozambique. Age category plays a significant important role in malaria occurrence and can affect the course and progression of the disease and correct treatment. Very few studies on pediatric malaria exists in Mozambique and the existing ones use a simplistic and coarse grouping. The knowledge of malaria pediatric incidence and, the need to evaluate the local heterogeneity by generating malaria risk maps can improve the understanding of pediatric malaria being the objective of this study. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted using existing malaria positive data from 2018 to 2019 at Rural Sussundenga Hospital (RSH) in Sussundenga municipality. Attributable factors of the disease and incidence were calculated. Proportion of gender, age category and location were tested using G test. For malaria risk mapping, ten malaria factors (anthropic, sociodemographic, climatic and clinic) were used to produce two maps: one using malaria incidence and other without. Bioclimatic, Diva GIS 7.4.0 and, Landsat 8 image were used to produce the map. Results: The findings revealed that of the 42,248 patients who visited the local hospital f, 51.2% tested positive for malaria with an incidence of 45.7 per 100 persons. There is a difference between residential areas in malaria incidence, with both maps showing malaria risk in Nhamazara, Nhamarenza and Unidade communities. Conclusions: This implies that malaria high risk areas seem to be located in high populated areas and areas close to water bodies. Relevant information is provided for effective planning in malaria intervention.
A statistical analysis plan for the Adjunctive Corticosteroids for Tuberculous meningitis in HIV-positive adults (ACT HIV) clinical trial
Authors: Donovan Joseph , Khanh Trinh Dong Huu , Thwaites Guy E. , Geskus Ronald B. ,   ACT HIV investigators
Published: July 2022

TBM is the most severe form of tuberculosis. Clinical trial data are required to provide an evidence base for adjunctive dexamethasone in HIV-positive individuals with TBM, and to guide clinical practice. This document details the planned analyses at 12 months post randomisation for the ACT HIV clinical trial (NCT03092817); ‘a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial of adjunctive dexamethasone for the treatment of HIV co-infected adults with tuberculous meningitis (TBM)’. The primary endpoint of the ACT HIV trial is death (from any cause) over the first 12 months after randomisation. This statistical analysis plan expands upon and updates the analysis plan outlined in the published study protocol.
Prophet Inequality for Bipartite Matching: Merits of Being Simple and Nonadaptive
Authors: Gravin Nick , Wang Hongao 
Published: July 2022

We consider the Bayesian online selection problem of a matching in bipartite graphs, that is, the weighted online matching problem where the edges arrive online and edge weights are generated from a known distribution. This setting corresponds to the intersection of two matroids in the work of Kleinberg and Weinberg [ 40 ] and Feldman et al. [ 27 ]. We study a simple class of nonadaptive policies that we call vertex-additive policies. A vertex-additive policy assigns static prices to every vertex in the graph and accepts only those edges whose weight exceeds the sum of the prices on the edge endpoints. We show that there exists a vertex-additive policy with the expected payoff of at least one-third of the prophet’s payoff and present a gradient descent algorithm that quickly converges to the desired vector of vertex prices. Our results improve on the adaptive online policies of Kleinberg and Weinberg and Feldman et al. for the intersection of two matroids in two ways: our policy is nonadaptive and has a better approximation guarantee of 3 instead of the previous guarantees of 5.82 in Kleinberg and Weinberg and 5.43 in Feldman et al. We give a complementary lower bound of 2.25 for any online algorithm in the bipartite matching setting. Funding: This work was supported by Fundamental Research Funds of the Central Universities in China, a Science and Technology Innovation 2030 major project [“New Generation of Artificial Intelligence,” Project 2018AAA0100903], the Shanghai Municipal Education Commission Innovation Program, and the Program for Innovative Research Team of the Shanghai University of Finance and Economics (IRTSHUFE).
Autologous blood patch treatment of patients with hard-to-heal wounds: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Andersen Jesper Winkler , Dashnaw Birgit , Hoegh Annette 
Published: July 2022

Objective: To describe the effect of autologous blood patch (3CP, Reapplix, Denmark) treatments as a supplement to standard care among patients with hard-to-heal wounds in an outpatient multidisciplinary wound centre (MWC). Method: The 3CP is an autologous leukocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin patch, which is applied directly into the wound bed. Patients with a wound duration >6 weeks and an unsatisfactory outcome following standard care were considered. Weekly administration of the autologous blood patch was carried out and the wound size was measured using a picture-based area calculation program at three timepoints (first contact with the MWC, initiation of the autologous blood patch treatment and at the end of the autologous blood patch treatment). The effect was followed for one year or until healing. Results: From June 2016 to September 2019, 36 patients were included. The median age was 63.5 years (interquartile range (IQR): 58–70), and 14 patients were female (38.9%) and 22 were male (61.1%). Median wound duration pre-autologous blood patch was 21.5 weeks (IQR: 11.1–50.0) and median treatment time was 3.4 weeks (IQR: 1.6–5.3). Half of the patients (50%, 18/36) healed in <20 weeks, 30.6% (11/36) healed in 20–52 weeks and 19.4% (7/36) did not heal within a year. There was a significant difference between the mean wound area (±standard deviation) at the start of autologous blood patch treatment and the area at the end: 2.85±3.71cm2 versus 1.65±2.37cm2, respectively (p=0.0017). Treatment was stopped prematurely for 5/36 patients (reasons included wound infection, major amputation, procedure discomfort or withdrawal without reason). Conclusion: Among MWC patients with hard-to-heal wounds not responding to standard care, autologous blood patch treatment as a supplement to standard wound care expedited wound healing.
A novel activated-zinc antiseptic solution effective against MRSA and Pseudomonas aeruginosa: a pig model
Authors: Hill Derek L , Pinger Cody , Noland Erica L , Morton Kevin , Hunt Alessandra M Agostinho , Pensler Elizabeth , Cantu Sarah , Attar Paul S , Siddiqi Ahmed 
Published: July 2022

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial efficacy of a novel activated zinc solution against meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa after one hour, and to evaluate any untoward effect of the solution on local wound tissue at 24 hours after solution exposure in a pig wound model. Method: A pathogen-free, commercially raised, Yorkshire-cross female pig was acquired 12 days prior to the procedure. Within one week prior to the procedure, a small loopful of test bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (pig-isolate) and MRSA (ATCC-6538), were streaked and cultured on a non-selective agar. Full-thickness wounds (n=24) were created and evenly divided into three groups: control wounds (exposed to bacteria but untreated, n=8); wounds treated with Compound 1 (n=8), and wounds treated with Compound 2 (n=8). All wounds were dressed and monitored for one hour and 24 hours. Results: After one hour, the wounds treated with Compound 1 and Compound 2 had a mean recoverable total bacteria of 2.8 log colony forming units (CFUs) and 3.5 logCFUs, respectively. After one hour, the wounds treated with Compound 1 and Compound 2 had a mean recoverable MRSA of 2.3 logCFUs and 1.6 logCFUs, respectively (p=0.009). After one hour, the wounds treated with Compound 1 and Compound 2 had a mean recoverable Pseudomonas aeruginosa of 0.3 logCFUs and 0.0 logCFUs, respectively (p=0.000). After 24 hours of exposure to Compound 1 and Compound 2, there was no statistically significant increased necrosis (p=0.12, p=0.31, respectively) or neutrophilic infiltrate (Compound 2, p=0.12) when compared with control wounds. Conclusion: The novel activated-zinc compound used in this study demonstrated a 99.5–99.9% reduction in total bacteria, a 99.9–99.98% reduction in MRSA, and 100% eradication of Pseudomonas aeruginosa one hour after exposure. This novel solution may provide another significant tool to treat and/or prevent wound infections.
“This work that we're doing is bigger than ourselves”: A qualitative study with community‐based birth doulas in the United States
Authors: Kett Paula M. , van Eijk Marieke S. , Guenther Grace A. , Skillman Susan M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractContextCommunity‐based birth doulas support pregnant women, transgender men, and gender non‐binary individuals during the perinatal period and provide essential services and expertise that address health inequities, often taking on additional roles to fill systemic gaps in perinatal care in the United States (US). Despite the benefits that community‐based birth doulas provide, there is little research exploring the work‐related conditions and stressors community‐based doulas experience. To address this gap, we examined the work experiences, related stressors, and stress management strategies of individual community‐based birth doulas.MethodsIn this qualitative, descriptive study we conducted 18 interviews in March through June 2021 with individuals who self‐identified as community‐based doulas working in underserved communities in the US. We analyzed the interviews for themes, which we defined and finalized through team consensus.ResultsThe doulas reported engaging in specific strategies in their work to address perinatal inequities. They also described facing several work‐related stressors, including witnessing discrimination against clients, experiencing discrimination in medical environments, and struggling with financial instability. To mitigate these stressors and job‐related challenges, interviewees reported they relied on doula peer support and reconnected with their motivations for the work.ConclusionsCommunity‐based doulas provide essential services and expertise which address inequities and systemic gaps in perinatal care. However, as they work to improve perinatal health, doulas themselves are providing equity work amidst an inequitable system and with insufficient political or financial support. Increased compensation and systemic support which acknowledges the breadth of services provided is needed to strengthen and sustain this critical part of the perinatal workforce.
High efficiency echelle gratings for the far ultraviolet
Authors: Kruczek Nicholas , Miles Drew M. , Fleming Brian , McEntaffer Randall , France Kevin , Grisé Fabien , McCandliss Stephan 
Published: July 2022

Modern grating manufacturing techniques suffer from inherent issues that limit their peak efficiencies. The anisotropic etching of silicon facilitates the creation of custom gratings that have sharp and atomically smooth facets, directly addressing these issues. We describe work to fabricate and characterize etched silicon echelles optimized for the far ultraviolet (FUV; 90–180 nm) bandpass. We fabricate two echelles that have parameters similar to the mechanically ruled grating flown on the Colorado High-resolution Echelle Stellar Spectrograph sounding rocket. We demonstrate a 42% increase in peak order efficiency and an 83% decrease in interorder scatter using these gratings. We also present analysis on where the remaining efficiency resides. These demonstrated FUV echelle improvements benefit the faint source sensitivity and high resolution performance of future UV observatories.
Smart Managed Freight Fleet: Ein automatisiertes und vernetztes Flottenmanagement in einem föderierten Datenökosystem
Authors: Heinbach Christoph , Gösling Henning , Meier Pascal , Thomas Oliver 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungDas starke Wachstum des E‑Commerce stellt bedeutende Herausforderungen an die Betreiber von Fahrzeugflotten, um den kostenintensiven Fahrzeugeinsatz in einem digital getriebenen Transportmarkt zu optimieren. Innovative Fahrzeug- und Datentechnologien bieten dabei neue Möglichkeiten für die serviceorientierte Gestaltung digitaler Ökosysteme mit weiteren Stakeholdern durch cloudbasierte Infrastrukturen. Bei genauerer Betrachtung der Transportkette wurde ein durchgehendes, automatisiertes und vernetztes Flottenmanagement in einem gemeinsamen Datenraum bisher nicht realisiert. In diesem Beitrag stellen die Autoren das Konzept „Smart Managed Freight Fleet“ vor, das im Rahmen des vom BMWK geförderten Konsortialprojekts „GAIA-X 4 ROMS“ (Remote Operation for Automated and Connected Mobility Services) entwickelt werden soll. Dazu zeigen die Autoren zunächst die bestehenden Informations- und Fahrzeugtechnologien für ein vernetztes Flottenmanagement auf. Anschließend wird ein innovativer multiagentenbasierter Flottenmanagementansatz beschrieben, der insbesondere Telematik-gestützte „intelligente Wechselbrücken- und Trailer (iWT)“ mit neuartigen „autonom navigierenden Paketstationen (ANP)“ auf der ersten bzw. letzten Meile verknüpft. Ein sicherer und souveräner Datenaustausch zwischen den Akteuren, Softwareagenten und weiteren Diensten wird dabei durch ein Gaia-X-konformes Datenökosystem erfolgen. Im Anschluss werden die hieraus entstehenden wissenschaftlichen und praktischen Implikationen für ein datenbasiertes Flottenmanagement beschrieben. Abschließend gibt der Artikel einen Ausblick auf die nächsten Entwicklungsschritte zur Gestaltung frei nutzbarer Flottenmanagementdienste in einem interoperablen Datenökosystem.
Disseminating implementation science: Describing the impact of animations shared via social media
Authors: Sykes Michael , Cerda Lucia , Cerda Juan , Finch Tracy 
Published: July 2022

Background
Dissemination is an under-researched activity that is important to researchers and funders and may have a role in creating conditions for implementation. We aim to study the impact of two animations shared via social media upon dissemination.

Methods
We developed two short animations to increase the awareness of healthcare positional leaders of work undertaken to enhance a much-used implementation intervention. We measured both how frequently the related articles were accessed, and engagement with the research team, before and after the intervention. We analysed variation over time using statistical process control to identify both trend and periods of significant change.

Results
We found evidence that the animation increased how frequently the articles were accessed, with a significant increase (p = <0.01) during the two weeks after release of each animation. One animation was associated with an increase in positional leaders’ engagement with the research team.

Conclusions
Animations shared via social media can enhance dissemination. We describe lessons from the work to develop the intervention and support calls for work to increase the understanding and adoption of effective dissemination interventions. Our findings provide support for further work using randomised study designs.