bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measurement of Physical Parameters for Transient Seepage Assessment of Levees
Authors: Walshire Lucas A. , Brandon Thomas L. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
An embankment was instrumented and monitored as part of a multiyear project to assess appropriate pore-water pressure distributions and soil water retention curves for use as initial conditions in transient seepage analyses. The increased use of unsaturated soil mechanics and transient seepage has led to the need for practical methods of assigning accurate properties and initial conditions in these types of analyses. Monitoring results were validated against published pore-water pressure measurements collected from multiple embankment studies. The collected distributions showed nonlinear behavior in near-surface embankment soils due to infiltration and evapotranspiration processes. Seasonal variations in pore-water pressure and the soil moisture deficit were shown to correlate at the monitoring site. The seasonal response of the embankments exhibited a large variation in pressures between summer and winter. Assessment of flood occurrence showed the distribution of pore pressures during flood loading was typically near −10 kPa at a depth of 2 m at the onset of the flood. Laboratory soil water retention testing of undisturbed samples collected from the embankment showed that when compared with field measurements, they overestimated the field response for the considered initial water content and dry density values. Also, comparisons between hydrostatic pore pressures above the phreatic surface showed that at soil moisture deficits greater than 20 mm, the difference between the measured and hydrostatic pore pressures greatly increased. The laboratory and monitoring results were used to provide practical methods of assigning representative pore-water pressure distributions and material properties necessary for performing transient seepage analyses. These results will aid in more accurate transient seepage analyses of flood control embankments.
Watchful Waiting for Acute Otitis Media
Authors: Smolinski Nicole E. , Antonelli Patrick J. , Winterstein Almut G. 
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Updated guidelines continue to support watchful waiting as an option for uncomplicated acute otitis media (AOM) and provide explicit diagnostic criteria. To determine treatment prevalence and associated determinants of watchful waiting for AOM in commercially insured pediatric patients.

METHODS
This was a retrospective cohort study using IBM Marketscan Commercial Claims Databases (2005 to 2019) of patients 1 to 12 years old with AOM, without otitis-related complications within 6 months prior, with no tympanostomy tubes, and no other infections around index diagnosis of AOM. We examined monthly antibiotic treatment prevalence (defined as pharmacy dispensing within 3 days of AOM diagnosis) and used multivariable logistic regression models to examine determinants of watchful waiting.

RESULTS
Among 2 176 617 AOM episodes, 77.8% were treated within 3 days. Whereas some clinical characteristics were moderate determinants for watchful waiting, clinician antibiotic prescribing volume and specialty were strong determinants. Low-volume antibiotic prescribers (≥80% of AOM episodes managed with watchful waiting) had 11.61 (95% confidence interval 10.66–12.64) higher odds of using watchful waiting for the index AOM episode than high-volume antibiotic prescribers (≥80% treated). Otolaryngologists were more likely to adopt watchful waiting (odds ratio 5.45, 95% CI 5.21–5.70) than pediatricians, whereas other specialties deferred more commonly to antibiotics.

CONCLUSIONS
Adoption of watchful waiting for management of uncomplicated, nonrecurrent AOM was limited and stagnant across the study period and driven by clinician rather than patient factors. Future work should assess motivators for prescribing and evaluate patient outcomes among clinicians who generally prefer versus reject watchful waiting approaches to guide clinical decision-making.
Pengaruh Taswuf Falsafi Dalam Penyebaran Islam di Nusantara Pada Abad 17M
Authors: Iril Admizal  , Arki Auliahadi  
Published: June 2022

Sejak awal masehi kawasan Nusantara telah berfungsi sebagai jalur lintas perdagangan bagi kawasan Asia Barat, Asia Timur dan Asia Selatan. Kedatangan Islam di Nusantara penuh dengan perdebatan, terdapat tiga masalah pokok yang menjadi perdebatan para sejarawan. Pertama, tempat asal kedatangan Islam. Kedua, para pembawanya. Ketiga, waktu kedatanganya. Namun, Islam telah masuk, tumbuh dan berkembang di wilayah Nusantara dengan cukup pesat. Mengingat kedatangan Islam ke Nusantara yang pada saat itu sudah memiliki budaya Hindu-Budha. Maka hal ini sangat menggembirakan karena Islam mampu berkembang di tengah kehidupan masyarakat yang telah memiliki akar budaya yang cukup kuat dan lama. Kedatangan Islam ke wilayah Nusantara mengalami berbagai cara dan dinamika, antara lain dengan perdagangan, pernikahan, sosial budaya, dan sebagainya. Hal ini menyebabkan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan Islam di wilayah ini memiliki corak tersendiri.
Molecular epidemiology, virulence and antimicrobial resistance of Bulgarian methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates
Authors: Gergova Raina , Tsitou Virna-Maria , Dimov Svetoslav G. , Boyanova Lyudmila , Mihova Kalina , Strateva Tanya , Gergova Ivanka , Markovska Rumyana 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
Severe infections of virulent methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are a serious health problem. The present study aimed to investigate clonal spread, virulence and antimicrobial resistance rates of Bulgarian MRSA isolates in 2016–2020.

Methods
Molecular identification and mecA gene detection were performed with PCR. Clonal relatedness was evaluated by RAPD PCR and MLST. MRSA epidemiology, virulence and resistance patterns were investigated by PCR.

Results
All 27 isolates were identified as S. aureus and were mecA positive, and all were susceptible to linezolid, tigecycline and vancomycin. The toxin genes hlg (in 92.6% of isolates), seb (77.8%), sei (77.8%), seh (59.3%), sej (55.6%), and seg (48.1%), were frequently found among the isolates. Epidemiological typing by RAPD identified 4 clones (16 isolates) and 11 were with a unique profile. MLST analysis of the same MRSA isolates showed five MLST clonal complexes and 11 ST types, including CC5 (33.3%) (ST5, ST221, ST4776), CC8 (22.2%) (ST8, ST239, ST72), CC15 (ST582), CC22 (14.8%) (ST217, ST5417), CC30 (ST30) CC398 (ST398), and CC59 (ST59). The isolates from CC5 showed higher virulence potential and almost all were macrolide resistant (ermB or ermC positive). CC8 isolates showed higher level of resistance.

Conclusion
To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first describing the clonal spreading of Bulgarian MRSA and the association with their virulence and resistance determinants. Monitoring of MRSA epidemiology, resistance and virulence profile can lead to better prevention and faster therapeutic choice in cases of severe infections.
Deformation behaviour of ion-irradiated FeCr: A nanoindentation study
Authors: Song Kay , Yu Hongbing , Karamched Phani , Mizohata Kenichiro , Armstrong David E. J. , Hofmann Felix 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms of plasticity in structural steels is essential for the operation of next-generation fusion reactors. This work on the deformation behaviour of FeCr, focusses on distinguishing the nucleation of dislocations to initiate plasticity, from their propagation through the material. Fe3Cr, Fe5Cr, and Fe10Cr were irradiated with 20 MeV Fe3+ ions at room temperature to doses of 0.008 dpa and 0.08 dpa. Nanoindentation was then carried out with Berkovich and spherical indenter tips. Our results show that the nucleation of dislocations is mainly from pre-existing sources, which are not significantly affected by the presence of irradiation defects or Cr%. Yield strength, an indicator of dislocation mobility, increases with irradiation damage and Cr content, while work hardening capacity decreases mainly due to irradiation defects. The synergistic effects of Cr and irradiation damage in FeCr appear to be more important for the propagation of dislocations than for their nucleation.

Graphical abstract
Endüstriyel ürün imalatında kullanılan bazı ahşap türlerinin CNC lazerle işlenebilme performanslarının araştırılması
Authors: AÇIK Cebrail , TUTUŞ Ahmet 
Published: June 2022

Bu çalışmada endüstriyel ürün imalatında sıkça kullanılan, Türkiye’ de yetişen bazı yerli ahşap türlerinin, CNC lazerle işlenebilme performansları araştırılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular doğrultusunda, endüstriyel ahşap ürün imalat sektörüne yönelik önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Araştırmada 130 watt gücünde karbondioksit gazlı tüple çalışan CNC lazerle, deney örneklerine %70 watt lazer gücü ve 5 mm/s lazer kesim hızı uygulanmıştır. 3 tür yapraklı ağaç ve 3 tür iğne yapraklı ağaç olmak üzere toplam 6 farklı ağaç türü kullanılmıştır. Her bir ahşap türünün liflere dik, liflere paralel ve liflere enine yönde lazer kesim yönlerinin, yoğunluğunun ve anatomik yapısının lazer işleme performansına etkileri araştırılmıştır. Sonuç olarak en yüksek lazer işleme performansı, düşük yoğunluklu, yıllık halkadaki yaz odunu iştirak oranı ve hücre çeper kalınlığı az olan ahşap malzemelerin, liflere dik yönde lazer kesimlerinden elde edilmiştir.
Comparison among plaque assay, tissue culture infectious dose (TCID ) and real-time RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 variants quantification
Authors: Zapata-Cardona Maria Isabel , Flórez-Álvarez Lizdany , Gómez-Gallego Diana Maryory , Moncada-Díaz María Juliana , Hernandez Juan Carlos , Díaz Francisco , Rugeles María Teresa , Aguilar-Jiménez Wbeimar , Zapata Wildeman 
Published: June 2022

Background and Objectives: SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOC) and interest (VOI) pose a significant threat to pub- lic health because the rapid change in the SARS-CoV-2 genome can alter viral phenotypes such as virulence, transmissi- bility and the ability to evade the host response. Hence, SARS-CoV-2 quantification techniques are essential for timely diagnosis and follow-up. Besides, they are vital to understanding viral pathogenesis, antiviral evaluation, and vaccine de- velopment.
Materials and Methods: Five isolates of SARS-CoV-2: D614G strain (B.1), three VOC (Alpha, Gamma and Delta), and one VOI (Mu) were used to compare three techniques for viral quantification, plaque assay, median tissue culture infectiousdose (TCID50) and real-time RT-PCR.
Results: Plaque assay showed viral titers between 0.15 ± 0.01×107 and 1.95 ± 0.09×107 PFU/mL while viral titer by TCID50 assay was between 0.71 ± 0.01×106 to 4.94 ± 0.80×106 TCID50 /mL for the five SARS-CoV-2 isolates. The PFU/mL titer obtained by plaque and the calculated from TCID50 assays differed by 0.61 log10, 0.59 log10, 0.59 log10 and 0.96 log10 for Alfa, Gamma, Delta, and Mu variants (p≤0.0007), respectively. No differences were observed for the D614G strain. Real-time PCR assay exhibited titers ranging from 0.39 ± 0.001×108 to 3.38 ± 0.04×108 RNA copies/µL for all variants. The relation between PFU/mL and RNA copies/mL was 1:29800 for D614G strain, 1:11700 for Alpha, 1:8930 for Gamma, 1:12500 for Delta, and 1:2950 for Mu.
Conclusion: TCID50 assay was comparable to plaque assay for D614G but not for others SARS-CoV-2 variants. Our data demonstrated a correlation among PFU/mL and E gene RNA copies/µL, units of measure commonly used to quantify the viral load in diagnostic and research fields. The results suggest that the proportion of infectious virions in vitro changes de- pending on the SARS-CoV-2 variant, being Mu, the variant reaching a higher viral titer with fewer viral copies.
Evolution and diversity of human adenoviruses isolated from patients with keratoconjunctivitis
Authors: Karami Chiman , Mazloum Jalali Kamyar , Jalilian Shahram , Khataminia Gholamreza , Biparva Haghighi Somayeh , Karimi Babaahmadi Mohammad , Taherkhani Reza , Makvandi Manoochehr 
Published: June 2022

Background and Objectives: Human adenovirus type 8 is a highly contagious eye disease and is considered as the most common epidemic keratoconjunctivitis worldwide. The virus may alter the course of detection as mutations and recombina- tion in surface antigens are associated with binding and pathogenesis in human adenovirus. The recognition of new recom- binant human adenovirus has been based on sequencing of three genes, penton base, hexon and fiber.
Materials and Methods:50 suspected samples of ocular keratoconjunctivitis were selected over 6 months. Following DNA extraction from isolates positive for cytopathic effect in each well, the complete sequences of hexon, fiber, and penton re- gions were performed on the genome of human adenovirus isolates using PCR. The sequences of capsid genes, including hexon, fiber, and penton were assessed to observe the evidence of recombination at the molecular level using genetic tools.
Results: The results of nucleotide and amino acid sequence of 5/ 50 patients with epidemic keratoconjunctivitis positive for hypervariable region of hexon (132 -449), hypervariable of knob fiber (183 -362) and hypervariable penton (106 -466) isolates showed nucleotide and amino acid identity of 98% and 99.41%, 99% and 100%, 95% and 99.72% with hexon, fiber and penton of human adenovirus 8 subtypes. The results of phylogenetic tree and Simplot of the entire sequences and hy- pervariable regions of isolated hexon, fiber and penton showed all the isolates of human adenovirus from Ahvaz, Iran, were clustered with human adenovirus 8A, B, E, P and J, subtypes isolated strains from different regions of the world.
Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that the human adenovirus isolates from patients with epidemic keratocon- junctivitis were closed to human adenovirus 8A, B, E, P and J subtypes. To determine the emergence of new human adeno- virus D8 subtypes strain, analysis of complete genome sequence of human adenovirus was required.
Evaluation of Perceptual Indicators Regarding Environmental Quality of Medical Centers (Case Study: Selected Wards of One of Yazd's Private Hospitals)
Authors: Fatahi Abarghoo Yasaman , Sadri Esfahani Ali 
Published: June 2022

Background: Locations, by creating a sense of comfort and peace or sorrow and distress have a great effect on self-confidence, personality, and personal health. Paying attention to the perceptual indicators of environmental quality can lead to sustainable changes in architectural designs. The aim of this study is to identify perceptual indicators of the environmental quality in medical centers and use these indicators to evaluate the physical-spatial qualities of those centers. The study environment was one the private hospitals in Yazd.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in 2022 in a private hospital in Yazd. The statistical population includes patients, visitors, carers and staff. 73 users from the pediatric care and hospitalization ward and 47 users from the outpatient ward were selected as the statistical sample through convenience sampling. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of 27 questions with 5 Likert scale options and 5 demographic questions, the validity of which was approved by 10 experts in the field of architecture and psychology. The reliability of the questionnaire was also confirmed by Cronbach's alpha test with a value of 0.75. Questions included 3 dimensions of perceptual indicators regarding the quality of hospital environment. 2 dimensions evaluated the physical aspects of the hospital exterior and interior space of the wards and 1 dimension evaluated social aspects. For statistical analysis, descriptive methods (frequency, mean, etc.) and SPSS 26 software were employed.
Results: The outcome of the percentages obtained regarding the dimension of physical-spatial aspects of the hospital's external spaces, pediatric care and hospitalization ward, the outpatient ward and the socio-functional aspects of hospital spaces, were obtained as + 25, + 38.38, + 44.73, and +36 % respectively.
Conclusion: Based on the results, the outcome of the percentages obtained for the dimensions of the physical-spatial aspects of the hospital's external spaces, pediatric care and hospitalization ward, the outpatient ward and the socio-functional aspects of hospital spaces indicated the favorable status of the dimension from the users' point of view.
The Effect of Loyalty to, Confidence in and Emotional Commitment to Brand Regarding Brand Advocacy in Shiraz Namazi Hospital
Authors: Azimi Hossein , Pourahmadi Laleh Navideh 
Published: June 2022

Background: Brand can impart a unique meaning of the organization to consumers and create many comparative advantages. This relationship is created through trust, connection, loyalty and emotional commitment to the brand and their impact on advocacy and the development of emotional relationships between the customer and the organization. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of loyalty to, confidence in and emotional commitment to brand regarding brand advocacy.
Methods: This research was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of data collection method. Data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire whose face validity was confirmed by professors and experts. Convergent validity with a mean variance of more than 0.5 and divergent validity using Fornell and Larker methods were confirmed. Also, the reliability of the instrument was confirmed with the Cronbach's alpha of more than 0.7. The statistical population was patients of Shiraz Namazi Hospital in 2020. After conducting a pre-test and confirming the validity and reliability and determining the variance deviation of the prototype, using Cochran's formula, the statistical sample size was determined to be 300. The final questionnaires were distributed and collected among patients through convenience sampling method. Finally, after data analysis, the conceptual model of the research was fitted using the structural equation model and PLS3 software.
Results: The conceptual model of the research was fitted using various indicators and the results showed that the model has appropriate quality and acceptable validity. Quantitatively, findings indicated that brand confidence of 0.228 had a significant effect on brand advocacy, but emotional commitment and loyalty with a coefficient of 0.049 and 0.007, respectively, had no significant effect on brand advocacy.
Conclusion: Results suggest that brand confidence is achieved by patients through perceived quality, brand credibility and customer-oriented behavior of the hospital staff. Moreover, the influence of reference groups and the social responsibility on the hospital, with the help of confidence in brand, creates emotional commitment in patients.
Zespół akt dekanatu szadkowskiego w zasobie Archiwum Diecezjalnego we Włocławku. Część I
Authors: Szkutnik Piotr 
Published: June 2022

This contribution presents the documents and records relating to the Szadek decanate, forming a separate file in the archives stored in the Diocesan Records Office in Włocławek. It first outlines the life and work of the author of these archives, and then describes their form and content. Legal regulations constitute the main part of the records; documents describing the decanate are much less numerous.
TASARIM DÜŞÜNCESİ BİLEŞENLERİ VE İÇ MİMARLIK EĞİTİMİ ÇERÇEVESİNDE DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: KURT CAVUŞ Özlem , KAPTAN B. Burak 
Published: June 2022

Tasarım düşüncesi, “yaratıcı sorun çözme süreci” olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Bu kavram, son yıllarda
kullanımı birden fazla alanda yaygınlaşmakta olan değer, ilke ve yöntemleri kapsayan yaratıcı sorun çözme
aşamalarını barındırmaktadır. Yaratıcı sorun çözme süreci temeline dayalı tasarım alanlarından biri olan
iç mimarlık eğitimi içeriğinde, tasarım düşüncesi ilkeleriyle sıklıkla karşılaşılmaktadır. “Tasarım düşüncesi
bileşenleri”, bu çalışma kapsamında tasarım düşüncesinin sorun çözme yaklaşımı olarak uygulanmasında,
birey için gerekli olan tutum, ilke, değer, bakış açısı gibi özellikleri anlatmak için kullanılabilecek en kapsayıcı
ifade olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu bileşenler, bireylerin tasarım düşüncesini kullanarak yaratıcı sorun çözmeye
dönük zihin yapısını ifade etmektedir. Bu çalışma kapsamında, tasarım düşüncesi kavramını oluşturan temel
bileşenlerin, alanyazın incelemelerinden elde edilen nitel verilerin sınıflandırılması yoluyla belirlenmesi
hedeflenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, tasarım düşüncesi alanyazınında ulaşılabilen ve nitelikli kaynakların doküman
analizi ile değerlendirilmesine göre, bu kaynaklardan çıkarılan tasarım düşüncesi bileşenleri bir araya
getirilmiş ve iç mimarlık eğitimi içeriğine yönelik uluslararası düzeyde geçerliliği olan iç mimarlık mesleki
yeterlilikleri ile tasarım düşüncesi bileşenleri arasındaki ortak değerler ortaya konularak tartışılmıştır.
REZERVE BOYA VE BASKI TEKNİKLERİ İLE ÜRETİLEN İNDİGO BOYALI AFRİKA TEKSTİLLERİ
Authors: TATLIDİL Ülker , ÖĞÜT Leyla 
Published: June 2022

Mavi renk veren doğal kaynaklar tarih boyunca çeşitli topluluklar tarafından tekstillerin
renklendirmesinde kullanılmıştır. Sentetik boyar maddelerin gelişmesi ve yaygınlaşmasından önce Afrika
toplulukları da tekstilleri maviye boyamak amacıyla farklı indigo kaynaklarına başvurmuşlardır. Bu çalışmada
doğal indigo boyanın kaynağına bakılmaksızın rezerve tekniği ile mavi renge boyanmış Afrika tekstilleri
incelenmiş ve bu tekstillerin hangi rezerve teknikleriyle, hangi bölgelerde üretildikleri ortaya konulmaya
çalışılmıştır. Çalışmada Afrika’da üretilen indigo boyalı rezerve tekstillerin ayrıntılı bir sunumu ve sınıflandırması
yapılarak alanyazında bu konudaki eksikliklerin giderilmesi amaçlanmıştır.
İndigo boyalar ile renklendirilen tekstillerin çoğunda rezerve boyama tekniklerinin kullanıldığı görülmektedir.
Bunlar fiziksel rezerveden kimyasal rezerveye kadar çeşitli şekillerde farklı topluluklarda uygulanmaktadır.
Elde edilen bulgulara göre; rezerve tekniği Afrika’da yaygın olarak görülen geleneksel bir tekstil boyama
tekniğidir ancak indigo ile rezerve boyama tekniği yoğun olarak Batı Afrika ülkelerinde uygulanmaktadır.
Ulaşılan kaynaklarda Batı Afrika haricinde rezerve tekniği ile indigo boyama yapıldığına dair veriler bulunsa
da bu uygulamaların geleneksel uygulamalar değil daha çok turizm amacıyla, sentetik boyalarla gerçekleştirilen
üretimler olduğu, tekstillerde genellikle üç çeşit indigo kaynağının kullanıldığı ve bazen asıl tekniği gizlemek
amacıyla farklı rezerve tekniklerinin görünüşünün taklit edildiği bilgilerine rastlanmıştır. Bu bağlamda Afrika’da
zengin çeşitliliğe sahip indigo rezerve boyamaların tekniklerini tespit etmenin hem teorik hem de uygulamalı
çalışmayı gerektirdiğini ifade etmek mümkün olmaktadır.