bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasma-molten Metal and/or Liquid Interactions for Materials/Chemical Processing
Authors: Sunkara Mahendra Kumar 
Published: January 2022

Several grand challenges in energy storage and conversion need the discovery of functional materials that many agree will be composed of complex compositions at nanoscale. In this regard, plasma based materials processing has been shown to be promising for combinatorial techniques and scalable processing. The use of plasma oxidation of liquid precursors allows for creation of metastable complex oxide particles with compositional control.1 A number of examples will be discussed in which the above two techniques are currently being used for accelerating the development of a variety of catalysts including electrocatalysts and materials for storage applications.
This talk will highlight our efforts to understand the role of plasmas under two categories: (a) the synergistic effects hydrogen and nitrogen plasma interactions with molten metals;2 and (b) the oxygen plasma-liquid droplet interactions.3 To gain insights into these mechanisms we have studied the interaction of hydrogen and nitrogen plasmas with low melting point metals, primarily with gallium. Absorption/desorption experiments as well as theoretical-computational calculations were performed. Experiments have shown an increment of adsorbed gaseous species into the molten metal in the presence of plasmas. In the case of oxygen plasma-liquid droplet interactions for creating complex oxides, the role of solvated electrons, oxygen radicals and heating effects will be discussed. Finally, the use of plasmas for achieving liquid phase epitaxial growth of GaN and related materials will be discussed.4

Author acknowledge primary funding support from NSF Solar Project (DMS 1125909), and NSF EPSCoR (1355438).

References

1. P. Ajayi, S. Kumari, D. Jaramillo-Cabanzo, J. Spurgeon, J. Jasinski and M.K. Sunkara, “A rapid and scalable method for making mixed metal oxide alloys for enabling accelerated materials discovery”, J. of Materials Research, 31 (11), 1596-1607(2016)
2. L. Carreon, D.F. Jaramillo-Cabanzo, I. Chaudhuri, M. Menon and M.K. Sunkara, “Synergistic interactions of H2 and N2 with molten gallium in the presence of plasma”, Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology A,
36, 021303 (2018).
3. P. Ajayi, M. Z. Akram, W. H. Paxton, J. B. Jasinski and M. K. Sunkara, “Nucleation and Growth Mechanisms During Complex Oxide Formation Using Plasma Oxidation of Liquid Precursors”, Submitted (2019)
4. Jaramillo, J. Jasinski and M. Sunkara, “Liquid Phase Epitaxial Growth of Gallium Nitride”, Crystal Growth and Design, 19, 11, 6577-6585(2019)
The Multiple Contexts of Brain Scaling: Phenotypic Integration in Brain and Behavioral Evolution
Authors: Finlay Barbara L. 
Published: January 2022

Understanding the adaptive functions of increasing brain size have occupied scientists for decades. Here, taking the general perspective of the Extended Evolutionary Synthesis, the question of how brains change in size will be considered in two developmental frameworks. The first framework will consider the particular developmental mechanisms that control and generate brain mass, concentrating on neurogenesis in a comparative vertebrate context. The consequences of limited adult neurogenesis in mammals, and the dominating role of duration of neurogenesis for mammalian evolution will be discussed for the particular case of the teleost versus mammalian retina, and for paths of brain evolution more generally. The second framework examines brain mass in terms of life history, particularly the features of life history that correlate highly, if imperfectly, with brain mass, including duration of development to adolescence, duration of parental care, body and range size, and longevity. This covariation will be examined in light of current work on genetic causes and consequences of covariation in craniofacial bone groupings. The eventual development of a multivariate structure for understanding brain evolution which specifically integrates formerly separate layers of analysis is the ultimate goal.
Representaciones sociales sobre la migración haitiana en la escuela chilena
Authors: Campos-Bustos Juana Lorena Lorena 
Published: January 2022

(analítico)Se parte de la siguiente pregunta: ¿cómo representan las y los escolares chilenos de educación básica de una escuela pública de Santiago a sus compañeras y compañeros migrantes haitianos? Se utiliza un enfoque cuantitativo que recurre a la encuesta como instrumento fundamental de estudio. Las variables examinadas son el género y el nivel escolar según la edad del estudiantado, dando como resultado, por un lado, que las estudiantes de género femenino y quienes cursan de 1º a 4º año básico tienden a representar socialmente al estudiantado haitiano de modo positivo y, por otro lado, que los estudiantes de género masculino y quienes cursan de 5º a 8º año básico tienden a generar representaciones prejuiciosas y desestimadas de las y los migrantes.
Palabras clave: Representaciones sociales, migrante, educación intercultural, infancia.
What’s in a Seal?
Authors: Liebrenz Boris 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
It was only during the Ottoman period, beginning in 1517, that seals gained popularity in the Arab world as a means to document people’s interactions with books. Some seals came alone while others accompanied handwritten notes. Some spelled out their purpose clearly through formulations such as “min kutub”, “hāḏā mā waqafa” or the like; others contained only pious formulae and a name. But even the latter are generally assumed to denote ownership or endowment. In this article, I present the example of a seal that belonged to a judge in early Ottoman Egypt. I will argue that the seal did not denote ownership of the books on which it is found, and I will attempt to show that it was used by its owner in the process of an inventory of Cairo’s endowed libraries. I will also discuss what this insight could mean for interpreting the history of books and collections through seals.
Sociogeographic correlates of typological variation in northwestern Bantu gender systems
Authors: Verkerk Annemarie , Di Garbo Francesca 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This paper investigates the sociolinguistic factors that impact the typology and evolution of grammatical gender systems in northwestern Bantu, the most diverse area of the Bantu-speaking world. We base our analyses on a typological classification of 179 northwestern Bantu languages, focusing on various instances of semantic agreement and their role in the erosion of gender marking. In addition, we conduct in-depth analyses of the sociolinguistics and population history of the 17 languages of the sample with the most eroded gender systems. The sociohistorical factors identified to explain these highly eroded systems are then translated into a set of explanatory variables, which we use to conduct extensive quantitative analyses on the 179 language sample. These variables are population size, longitude, latitude, relationship with the Central African rainforest, and border with Ubangi/Central Sudanic languages. All these measures are relevant, with population size and bordering with Ubangi/Central Sudanic being the most robust factors in accounting for the distribution of gender restructuring. We conclude that fine-tuned variable design tailored to language and area-specific ecologies is crucial to the advancement of quantitative sociolinguistic typology.
The Application of a Genetic Algorithm to the Optimization of a Mesoscale Model for Emergency Response
Authors: Werth David , Buckley Robert 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Besides solving the equations of momentum, heat, and moisture transport on the model grid, mesoscale weather models must account for subgrid-scale processes that affect the resolved model variables. These are simulated with model parameterizations, which often rely on values preset by the user. Such “free” model parameters, along with others set to initialize the model, are often poorly constrained, requiring that a user select each from a range of plausible values. Finding the values to optimize any forecasting tool can be accomplished with a search algorithm, and one such process—the genetic algorithm (GA)—has become especially popular. As applied to modeling, GAs represent a Darwinian process: an ensemble of simulations is run with a different set of parameter values for each member, and the members subsequently judged to be most accurate are selected as “parents” who pass their parameters onto a new generation. At the U.S. Department of Energy’s Savannah River Site in South Carolina, we are applying a GA to the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS) mesoscale weather model, which supplies input to a model to simulate the dispersion of an airborne contaminant as part of the site’s emergency response preparations. An ensemble of forecasts is run each day, weather data are used to “score” the individual members of the ensemble, and the parameters from the best members are used for the next day’s forecasts. As meteorological conditions change, the parameters change as well, maintaining a model configuration that is best adapted to atmospheric conditions.

Significance Statement
We wanted to develop a forecasting system by which a weather model is run over the Savannah River Site each day and repeatedly adjusted according to how well it performed the previous day. To run the model, a series of values (parameters) must be set to control how the model will calculate winds, temperatures, and other desired variables. Each day the model was run several times using different combinations of these parameters and later compared with observed meteorological conditions. Parameters that produced the most accurate forecasts were preferentially reused to create the forecasts for the next day. The process was tested for the summer of 2020 and exhibited lower errors than forecasts produced by the model using default values of the parameters.
A Statistical Intraseasonal Prediction Model of Extended Boreal Summer Western North Pacific Tropical Cyclone Genesis
Authors: Zhao Haikun , Lu Ying , Jiang Xianan , Klotzbach Philip J. , Wu Liguang , Cao Jian 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
An L2 regularized logistic regression model is developed in this study to predict weekly tropical cyclone (TC) genesis over the western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean and subregions of the WNP including the South China Sea (SCS), the western WNP (WWNP), and the eastern WNP (EWNP). The potential predictors for the TC genesis model include a time-varying TC genesis climatology, the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO), the quasi-biweekly oscillation (QBWO), and ENSO. The relative importance of the predictors in a constructed L2 regression model is justified by a forward stepwise selection procedure for each region from a 0-week to a 7-week lead. Cross-validated hindcasts are then generated for the corresponding prediction schemes out to a 7-week lead. The TC genesis climatology generally improves the regional model skill, and the importance of intraseasonal oscillations and ENSO is regionally dependent. Over the WNP, there is increased model skill over the time-varying climatology in predicting weekly TC genesis out to a 4-week lead by including the MJO and QBWO, whereas ENSO has a limited impact. On a regional scale, ENSO and then either the MJO or QBWO are the two most important predictors over the EWNP and WWNP after the TC genesis climatology. The MJO is found to be the most important predictor over the SCS. The logistic regression model is shown to have comparable reliability and forecast skill scores to the ECMWF dynamical model on intraseasonal time scales.

Significance Statement
Skillful forecasts of tropical cyclone activity on time scales from short-range to seasonal are now issued operationally. Although there has been great progress in the understanding of physical mechanisms driving tropical cyclone (TC) activity, intraseasonal prediction of TCs remains a significant scientific challenge. This study develops a statistically based intraseasonal model to predict weekly TC genesis over the western North Pacific Ocean basin. The intraseasonal prediction model developed here for TC genesis over the western North Pacific basin shows skill extending out to four weeks. We discuss the regional dependence of the model skill on ENSO and other subseasonal climate oscillations. This approach provides skillful intraseasonal forecasting of TCs over the western North Pacific basin.
Energy Efficiency Versus Consumption: An Empirical Investigation of Jevons’ Paradox Across Sectors in India
Authors: Murugasamy Poovitha , Mishra Vandita 
Published: January 2022

Modernisation theorists reiterate endogenous growth models by acknowledging technological production for a rise in the efficiency of energy-use. Yet, world system analysts blame economic production for causing environmental degradation. As economic and demographic modernisation continue to raise the magnitude of extraction despite their declining economic intensity, the dichotomy draws attention to Jevons’ paradox. Debates ingeminating ‘The End of Cheap Oil’ raise arguments about India’s energy deficit despite measures to raise its energy self-sufficiency. Do policies aiming at reducing energy consumption through efficiency enhancement fulfil their targets or does the reality reverse the objectives of the policy? Focusing on the two pillars of energy policy (efficiency-demand and supply), Ordinary Least Square (OLS) technique and Granger causality have been employed to model the energy efficiency–consumption nexus and other determinants of energy consumption, across sectors. The magnitude of energy intensity effect is stronger in the agricultural sector than the other sectors. This analysis records evidence of Sectoral Rebound effects confirming Jevons’ paradox, whereby the economy’s energy mix which is strongly inclined towards non-renewable resources combined with the demand for green energy and efficiency, clearly supports the government’s recent policy moves in the direction of renewable energy generation and electricity substitution. JEL Codes: O13, Q42, Q43, Q48
Impact of Targeted Therapy on the Survival of Patients With Advanced-Stage Non-small Cell Lung Cancer in Oncosalud - AUNA
Authors: Aguilar Alfredo , Mas Luis , Enríquez Daniel , Vallejos Carlos , Gutarra Rosa , Flores Claudio J. 
Published: January 2022

Background Lung cancer is still a prevalent and fatal neoplasm in developing countries. In the last decades, chemotherapy (CHT) maintenance occupied an important role in the treatment, as well as targeted therapies. We aimed to evaluate the survival impact of targeted therapy in advanced lung cancer at a private Peruvian institution (Oncosalud - AUNA). Methods We reviewed retrospectively medical records of patients with advanced-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLS) (clinical stage III-IV) who received CHT and maintenance treatment with target therapy (TT) or CHT. The impact was assessed by progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) using the Kaplan–Meier method, and comparisons of survival curves were performed using log-rank or Breslow test and Cox model. Results The median age of the patients was 65 years. Clinical characteristics, as well as the treatment type, showed no significant difference between the two groups. The maintenance schedule in those receiving CHT was generally pemetrexed (70%) and in those receiving TT was erlotinib (60.7%). In patients receiving TT, the median PFS was 13 months compared to 7 months in those receiving CHT; likewise, the median OS was 45 and 17 months, respectively. The PFS and OS curves showed significant differences ( P < .05), achieving a better survival in subjects treated with TT. Conclusion Progression-Free Survival and OS were superior in patients who received targeted therapy than those treated only with CHT, the 2 years rate of PFS and OS was nearly double to those who received only CHT-based treatments.
Princivalleite, Na(Mn2Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O, a new mineral species of the tourmaline supergroup from Veddasca Valley, Varese, Italy
Authors: Bosi Ferdinando , Pezzotta Federico , Skogby Henrik , Altieri Alessandra , Hålenius Ulf , Tempesta Gioacchino , Cempírek Jan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPrincivalleite, Na(Mn2Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O, is a new mineral (IMA2020-056) of the tourmaline supergroup. It occurs in the Veddasca Valley, Luino area, Varese, Lombardy, Italy (46°03’30.74’’N, 8°48’24.47’’E) at the centre of a narrow (2–3 cm wide) vertical pegmatitic vein, a few metres long, crosscutting a lens of flaser gneiss. Crystals are subhedral (up to 10 mm in size), azure with a vitreous lustre, conchoidal fracture and white streak. Princivalleite has a Mohs hardness of ~7, a calculated density of 3.168 g/cm3 and is uniaxial (–). Princivalleite has trigonal symmetry, space group R3m, a = 15.9155(2) Å, c = 7.11660(10) Å, V = 1561.15(4) Å3 and Z = 3. The crystal structure was refined to R1 = 1.36% using 1758 unique reflections collected with MoKα X-ray intensity data. Crystal-chemical analysis resulted in the empirical crystal-chemical formulaX(Na0.54Ca0.11□0.35)Σ1.00Y(Al1.82Mn2+0.84Fe2+0.19Zn0.07Li0.08)Σ3.00Z(Al5.85Fe2+0.13Mg0.02)Σ6.00[T(Si5.60Al0.40)Σ6.00O18](BO3)3O(3)[(OH)2.71O0.29]Σ3.00O(1)[O0.66F0.22(OH)0.12]Σ1.00 which recast in its ordered form for classification purposes is:X(Na0.54Ca0.11□0.35)Σ1.00Y(Al1.67Mn2+0.84Fe2+0.32Zn0.07Mg0.02Li0.08)Σ3.00ZAl6.00[T(Si5.60Al0.40)Σ6.00O18](BO3)3V[(OH)2.71O0.29]Σ3.00W[O0.66F0.22(OH)0.12]Σ1.00.Princivalleite is an oxy-species belonging to the alkali group of the tourmaline supergroup. The closest end-member compositions of valid tourmaline species are those of oxy-schorl and darrellhenryite, to which princivalleite is related by the substitutions Mn2+ ↔ Fe2+ and Mn2+ ↔ 0.5Al3+ + 0.5Li+, respectively. Princivalleite from Veddasca Valley is a geochemical anomaly, originated in a B-rich and peraluminous anatectic pegmatitic melt formed in situ, poor in Fe and characterised by reducing conditions in the late-stage metamorphic fluids derived by the flaser gneiss. The Mn-enrichment in this new tourmaline is due to absence of other minerals competing for Mn such as garnet.
Formation of neutrophil extracellular traps requires actin cytoskeleton rearrangements
Authors: Sprenkeler Evelien G. G. , Tool Anton T. J. , Henriet Stefanie S. V. , van Bruggen Robin , Kuijpers Taco W. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractNeutrophils are important effector cells in the host defense against invading microorganisms. One of the mechanisms they use to eliminate pathogens is the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Although NET release and subsequent cell death known as NETosis have been intensively studied, the cellular components and factors determining or facilitating the formation of NETs remain incompletely understood. Using various actin polymerization and myosin II modulators on neutrophils from healthy individuals, we show that intact F-actin dynamics and myosin II function are essential for NET formation when induced by different stimuli; that is, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, monosodium urate crystals, and Candida albicans. The role of actin polymerization in NET formation could not be explained by the lack of reactive oxygen species production or granule release, which were normal or enhanced under the given conditions. Neutrophils from patients with very rare inherited actin polymerization defects by either actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 1B or megakaryoblastic leukemia 1 deficiency also failed to show NETosis. We found that upon inhibition of actin dynamics, there is a lack of translocation of neutrophil elastase to the nucleus, which may explain the impaired NET formation. Collectively, our data show the essential requirement of an intact and active actin polymerization process, as well as active myosin II to enable the release of nuclear DNA by neutrophils during NET formation.
Family history of FXTAS is associated with age-related cognitive-linguistic decline among mothers with the FMR1 premutation
Authors: Klusek Jessica , Fairchild Amanda , Moser Carly , Mailick Marsha R. , Thurman Angela John , Abbeduto Leonard 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Women who carry a premutation allele of the FMR1 gene are at increased vulnerability to an array of age-related symptoms and disorders, including age-related decline in select cognitive skills. However, the risk factors for age-related decline are poorly understood, including the potential role of family history and genetic factors. In other forms of pathological aging, early decline in syntactic complexity is observed and predicts the later onset of neurodegenerative disease. To shed light on the earliest signs of degeneration, the present study characterized longitudinal changes in the syntactic complexity of women with the FMR1 premutation across midlife, and associations with family history of fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) and CGG repeat length.

Methods
Forty-five women with the FMR1 premutation aged 35–64 years at study entry participated in 1–5 longitudinal assessments spaced approximately a year apart (130 observations total). All participants were mothers of children with confirmed fragile X syndrome. Language samples were analyzed for syntactic complexity and participants provided information on family history of FXTAS. CGG repeat length was determined via molecular genetic testing.

Results
Hierarchical linear models indicated that women who reported a family history of FXTAS exhibited faster age-related decline in syntactic complexity than those without a family history, with that difference emerging as the women reached their mid-50 s. CGG repeat length was not a significant predictor of age-related change.

Conclusions
Results suggest that women with the FMR1 premutation who have a family history of FXTAS may be at increased risk for neurodegenerative disease, as indicated by age-related loss of syntactic complexity. Thus, family history of FXTAS may represent a personalized risk factor for age-related disease. Follow-up study is needed to determine whether syntactic decline is an early indicator of FXTAS specifically, as opposed to being a more general age-related cognitive decline associated with the FMR1 premutation.