bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Delta Delta: Gaps in screening and patient assessment for hepatitis D virus infection
Authors: Nathani Rohit , Leibowitz Randy , Giri Dewan , Villarroel Carolina , Salman Sidra , Sehmbhi Mantej , Yoon Bo Hyung , Dinani Amreen , Weisberg Ilan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHepatitis D virus (HDV) infection is highly prevalent in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). AASLD guidelines recommend a risk‐based screening approach. Our aim was to ascertain if the risk‐based approach leads to appropriate HDV screening, identify targets to improve screening rates, and study HDV clinical burden. CHB patients screened for HDV from 01/2016 to 12/2021 were identified. Level of training and specialty of providers ordering HDV screening tests were determined. HDV seropositive (HDV+) patient charts were reviewed for the presence of individual risk factors per the AASLD guidelines to determine if they met screening criteria. The severity of liver disease at the time of HDV screening was compared between the HDV+ group and a matched (based on age, hepatitis B e antigen status, BMI and sex) HDV seronegative (HDV−) group. During the study period, 1444/11,190 CHB patients were screened for HDV. Most screening tests were ordered by gastroenterology (90.2%) specialists and attending physicians (80.5%). HDV+ rate was 88/1444 (6%), and 72 HDV+ patients had complete information for analysis. 18% of HDV+ patients would be missed by a risk‐based screening approach due to unreported or negative risk factors (see Table). A significantly higher number of HDV+ patients had developed significant fibrosis (p = 0.001) and cirrhosis (p < 0.01) by the time of screening than HDV− (n = 67) patients. In conclusion, targeted interventions are needed towards trainees and primary care clinics to improve screening rates. Current risk‐based criteria do not appropriately screen for HDV. It is time for universal screening of HDV in CHB patients.
Effects of dexmedetomidine on pharyngeal swallowing and esophageal motility—A double‐blind randomized cross‐over study in healthy volunteers
Authors: Cajander Per , Omari Taher , Magnuson Anders , Scheinin Harry , Scheinin Mika , Savilampi Johanna 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundSedative agents increase the risk of pulmonary aspiration, where an intact swallowing function is an important defense mechanism. Dexmedetomidine is an α2‐adrenoceptor agonist widely used during procedural sedation due to beneficial properties with minimal respiratory effects. The effects of dexmedetomidine on pharyngeal swallowing and esophageal motility are not known in detail.MethodsTo determine the effects of dexmedetomidine on pharyngeal swallowing and esophageal motility, nineteen volunteers were included in this double‐blinded, randomized placebo‐controlled cross‐over study. Study participants received target‐controlled dexmedetomidine and placebo infusions. Recordings of pressure and impedance data were acquired using a manometry and impedance solid‐state catheter. Data were analyzed from three bolus swallows series: baseline, during dexmedetomidine/placebo infusion at target plasma concentrations 0.6 ng ml−1 and 1.2 ng ml−1. Subjective swallowing difficulties were also recorded.Key ResultsOn pharyngeal swallowing, dexmedetomidine affected the upper esophageal sphincter with decreased pre‐ and post‐swallow contractile pressures and an increase in residual pressure during swallow‐related relaxation. On esophageal function, dexmedetomidine decreased contractile vigor of the proximal esophagus and increased velocity of the peristaltic contraction wave. Residual pressures during swallow‐related esophagogastric junction (EGJ) relaxation decreased, as did basal EGJ resting pressure. The effects on the functional variables were not clearly dose‐dependent, but mild subjective swallowing difficulties were more common at the higher dose level.Conclusions and InferencesDexmedetomidine induces effects on pharyngeal swallowing and esophageal motility, which should be considered in clinical patient management and also when a sedative agent for procedural sedation or for manometric examination is to be chosen.
SHORT‐ROOT and SCARECROW homologs regulate patterning of diverse cell types within and between species
Authors: Shaar‐Moshe Lidor , Brady Siobhan M. 
Published: December 2022

SummaryThe roles of SHORT‐ROOT (SHR) and SCARECROW (SCR) in ground tissue patterning and differentiation have been well established in the root of Arabidopsis thaliana. Recently, work in additional organs and species revealed the extensive functional diversification of these genes, including regulation of cortical divisions essential for nodule organogenesis in legume roots, bundle sheath specification in the Arabidopsis leaf, patterning of inner leaf cell layers in maize, and stomatal development in rice. The co‐option of distinct functions and cell types is attributed to different mechanisms, including paralog retention, spatiotemporal changes in gene expression, and novel protein functions. Elaborating our knowledge of the SHR–SCR module further unravels the developmental regulation that controls diverse forms and functions within and between species.
In utero exposure to selective serotonin re‐uptake inhibitor affects murine mandibular development
Authors: Boyce Mark A. , Durham Emily L. , Kuo Sharon , Taylor Jane M. , Kishinchand Rajiv , LaRue Amanda C. , Cray James J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectivesAntidepressants, specifically Selective Serotonin Re‐uptake Inhibitors (SSRIs), that alter serotonin metabolism are currently the most commonly prescribed drugs for the treatment of depression. There is some evidence to suggest these drugs contribute to birth defects. As jaw development is often altered in craniofacial birth defects, the purpose of this study was to interrogate the effects of in utero SSRI exposure in a preclinical model of mandible development.Materials and MethodsWild‐type C57BL6 mice were used to produce litters that were exposed in utero to an SSRI, Citalopram (500 μg/day). Murine mandibles from P15 pups were analysed for a change in shape and composition.ResultsAnalysis indicated an overall shape change with total mandibular length and ramus height being shorter in exposed pups as compared to controls. Histomorphometric analysis revealed that first molar length was longer in exposed pups while third molar length was shorter in exposed as compared to control. Histological investigation of molars and surrounding periodontium revealed no change in collagen content of the molar in exposed pups, some alteration in collagen composition in the periodontium, increased alkaline phosphatase in molars and periodontium and decreased mesenchymal cell marker presence in exposed mandibles.ConclusionThe results of this study reveal SSRI exposure may interrupt mandible growth as well as overall dental maturation in a model of development giving insight into the expectation that children exposed to SSRIs may require orthodontic intervention.
Colletotrichum abscissum: Detection on symptomless citrus leaves and symptomatic citrus flowers using high‐resolution melting analysis
Authors: de Gasparoto Maria Cândida de Godoy , Gama Andre B. , Wang Nan‐Yi , Rebello Carolina S. , Dewdney Megan M. , Peres Natalia A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHigh‐resolution melting (HRM) analysis has been recently applied for the diagnosis of plant diseases. This cost‐effective method is advantageous over standard PCR as it does not require DNA band visualization or the use of probes necessary for quantitative PCR. Colletotrichum abscissum causes postbloom fruit drop of citrus (PFD) and survives asymptomatically on vegetative tissue. Quiescent appressoria on citrus leaves are the primary source of inoculum between flowering periods. Early PFD symptoms may be misidentified as physical damage on citrus flowers. Our objectives were to validate an HRM‐based method to rapidly identify C. abscissum on citrus leaves and flowers. We screened seven previously published primer pairs and concluded that the most effective set of primers was CaITS‐F and CaITS‐R815. We evaluated three different DNA extraction methods, two with a purification step (DNeasy Plant Mini and PowerSoil kits) and a faster method without a purification step (buffer GEB2). We inoculated citrus leaves with C. abscissum conidial suspensions of varying concentrations and HRM analysis detected as few as 200 C. abscissum spores using DNeasy Plant Mini or DNeasy PowerSoil kits for DNA extraction. As expected, samples extracted with GEB2 buffer reduced HRM sensitivity. We further collected field samples from areas with high and low C. abscissum inoculum levels. The HRM method could detect the pathogen in high inoculum areas from both leaves and flowers regardless of the extraction method used. In summary, we describe a new molecular diagnostic tool to detect C. abscissum on citrus during its asymptomatic and symptomatic stages.
Overview of global Gracilaria production, the role of biosecurity policies and regulations in the sustainable development of this industry
Authors: Mantri Vaibhav A. , Kambey Cicilia S. B. , Cottier‐Cook Elizabeth J. , Usandizaga Sara , Buschmann Alejandro H. , Chung Ik Kyo , Liu Tao , Sondak Calvyn F. A. , Qi Zizhong , Lim Phaik Eem , Van Nguyen Nguyen 
Published: December 2022

AbstractGracilaria aquaculture is one of the fastest‐growing sectors, contributing to 10.5% of the global seaweed feed‐stock supply chain in 2019. It predominantly caters to food‐grade agar, animal feed and non‐food sector applications viz. biotechnology, biomedical and pharmaceuticals. It has witnessed a rapid expansion triggered by increased demand due to commodity trade. Biosecurity‐related issues are the key factors constraining its expansion, but are seldom addressed. The global gracilarioids aquaculture is dominated by China and other Asian countries, namely the Republic of Korea, Indonesia, the Philippines and Vietnam. This paper provides an assessment of their national biosecurity capacity, including current risk management strategies, policies and the implementation of existing regulations. It also highlights specific gaps in national policies and regulations, which can be addressed to improve their health management systems. Biosecurity management strategies, such as the provision of clear regulatory guidance, mechanisms for notifying disease and pest outbreaks, movement of live seaweed, risk assessment, stakeholder incentivisation and certification are recommended. Further, insights into the impending biosecurity measures to the emerging countries in this domain namely India and Malaysia are discussed. We suggest, implementing a uniform format of global integrated biosecurity measures across the Gracilaria aquaculture industry, but this requires organisational, operational and procedural changes, coupled with a cross‐sectoral application of risk analysis protocols. Despite one of the important seaweed aquaculture taxa, an overview of Gracilaria production, the role of biosecurity policy and regulation in the sustainable development of this industry was still lacking, this is the first global effort in this direction.
Discrete isoperimetric problems in spaces of constant curvature
Authors: Basit Bushra , Lángi Zsolt 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to prove isoperimetric inequalities for simplices and polytopes with vertices in Euclidean, spherical and hyperbolic d‐space. In particular, we find the minimal volume d‐dimensional hyperbolic simplices and spherical tetrahedra of a given inradius. Furthermore, we investigate the properties of maximal volume spherical and hyperbolic polytopes with vertices with a given circumradius, and the hyperbolic polytopes with vertices with a given inradius and having a minimal volume or minimal total edge length. Finally, for any , we investigate the properties of Euclidean simplices and polytopes with vertices having a fixed inradius and a minimal volume of its k‐skeleton. The main tool of our investigation is Euclidean, spherical and hyperbolic Steiner symmetrization.
A characterization of the ellipsoid through planar grazes
Authors: Gonzalez‐García I. , Jerónimo‐Castro J. , Morales‐Amaya E. , Verdusco‐Hernández D. J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this paper we proved the following: Let be two O‐symmetric convex bodies with strictly convex. Suppose that from every x in the graze is a planar curve and K is almost free with respect to L. Then L is an ellipsoid.
The sympathetic nervous system in healthy and hypertensive pregnancies: physiology or pathology?
Authors: Brislane Áine , Davenport Margie H. , Steinback Craig D. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe progression from conception through to the postpartum period represents an extraordinary period of physiological adaptation in the mother to support the growth and development of the fetus. Healthy, normotensive human pregnancies are associated with striking increases in both plasma volume and sympathetic nerve activity, yet normal or reduced blood pressure; it represents a unique period of apparent healthy sympathetic hyperactivity. However, how this normal blood pressure is achieved in the face of sympathoexcitation, and the mechanisms responsible for this increased activity are unclear. Importantly, sympathetic activation has been implicated in hypertensive pregnancy disorders – the leading causes of maternal–fetal morbidity and mortality in the developed world. An understudied link between pregnancy and the development of maternal hypertension may lie in the sympathetic nervous system regulation of blood pressure. This brief review presents the latest data on sympathoexcitation in both healthy and hypertensive pregnancies, and concurrent adaptations along the neurovascular cascade.
Stretch-Induced Uncrimping of Equatorial Sclera Collagen Bundles
Authors: Jan Ning-Jiun , Lee Po-Yi , Wallace Jacob , Iasella Michael , Gogola Alexandra , Wang Bingrui , Sigal Ian A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractStretch-induced collagen uncrimping underlies the nonlinear mechanical behavior of the sclera according to what is often called the process of recruitment. We recently reported experimental measurements of sclera collagen crimp and pressure-induced uncrimping. Our studies, however, were cross-sectional, providing statistical descriptions of crimp with no information on the effects of stretch on specific collagen bundles. Data on bundle-specific uncrimping is necessary to better understand the effects of macroscale input on the collagen microscale and tissue failure. Our goal in this project was to measure bundle-specific stretch-induced collagen uncrimping of sclera. Three goat eyes were cryosectioned sagittally (30 μm). Samples of equatorial sclera were isolated, mounted to a custom uni-axial stretcher and imaged with polarized light microscopy at various levels of clamp-to-clamp stretch until failure. At each stretch level, local strain was measured using image tracking techniques. The level of collagen crimping was determined from the bundle waviness, defined as the circular standard deviation of fiber orientation along a bundle. Eye-specific recruitment curves were then computed using eye-specific waviness at maximum stretch before sample failure to define fibers as recruited. Nonlinear mixed effect models were used to determine the associations of waviness to local strain and recruitment to clamp-to-clamp stretch. Waviness decreased exponentially with local strain (p &lt; 0.001), whereas bundle recruitment followed a sigmoidal curve with clamp-to-clamp stretch (p &lt; 0.001). Individual bundle responses to stretch varied substantially, but recruitment curves were similar across sections and eyes. In conclusion, uni-axial stretch caused measurable bundle-specific uncrimping, with the sigmoidal recruitment pattern characteristic of fiber-reinforced soft tissues.
A Computational Study of Dynamic Obstruction in Type B Aortic Dissection
Authors: Kim T. , van Bakel P. A. J. , Nama N. , Burris N. , Patel H. J. , Williams D. M. , Figueroa C. A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A serious complication in aortic dissection is dynamic obstruction of the true lumen (TL). Dynamic obstruction results in malperfusion, a blockage of blood flow to a vital organ. Clinical data reveal that increases in central blood pressure promote dynamic obstruction. However, the mechanisms by which high pressures result in TL collapse are underexplored and poorly understood. Here, we developed a computational model to investigate biomechanical and hemodynamical factors involved in Dynamic obstruction. We hypothesize that relatively small pressure gradient between TL and false lumen (FL) are sufficient to displace the flap and induce obstruction. An idealized fluid–structure interaction model of type B aortic dissection was created. Simulations were performed under mean cardiac output while inducing dynamic changes in blood pressure by altering FL outflow resistance. As FL resistance increased, central aortic pressure increased from 95.7 to 115.3 mmHg. Concurrent with blood pressure increase, flap motion was observed, resulting in TL collapse, consistent with clinical findings. The maximum pressure gradient between TL and FL over the course of the dynamic obstruction was 4.5 mmHg, consistent with our hypothesis. Furthermore, the final stage of dynamic obstruction was very sudden in nature, occurring over a short time (&lt;1 s) in our simulation, consistent with the clinical understanding of this dramatic event. Simulations also revealed sudden drops in flow and pressure in the TL in response to the flap motion, consistent with first stages of malperfusion. To our knowledge, this study represents the first computational analysis of potential mechanisms driving dynamic obstruction in aortic dissection.
Drop-Landing Inverse Dynamics Model of Human Knee
Authors: Caruntu Dumitru I. , Moreno Ricardo 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This work investigates the kinematics and ligament, muscle, and contact forces of drop-landing exercise. A two-dimensional sagittal inverse dynamics knee model is developed to predict internal forces experienced during this exercise. Experimental data is gathered using a vicon motion analysis system and AMTI force plates. This experimental data is then used as input to the inverse dynamics model. The forces produced during the drop-landing exercise are computed using an optimization approach. The tibiofemoral contact point was predicted to move anteriorly as the most significant muscle, ligament, and contact forces increased reaching their peaks. Next, the contact point moves posteriorly as the most significant internal forces decrease, and then moves again anteriorly until the end of the exercise (end of the ascent phase) as the internal forces decrease to zero. Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) is predicted to be the only significant ligament during drop-landing. The largest force values experienced during drop-landing are gluteus muscle and tibiofemoral contact forces with a peak of 17 body weight (BW), quadriceps muscle force with a peak of 14 BW, and hip contact force along femoral longitudinal direction with a peak of 7 BW. A comparison with data available in the literature is conducted.
Neural Network-Based Building Energy Models for Adapting to Post-Occupancy Conditions: A Case Study for Florida
Authors: Migliori Mariana , Najafi Hamidreza , Fabregas Aldo , Nguyen Troy 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Building energy models (BEMs) are usually developed by subject matter experts during the design phase to help with decision making for achieving a more energy-efficient design at a minimum cost. The energy performance of a building is subject to significant changes as its operational parameters vary (e.g., occupancy, schedule of operation, etc.) due to different reasons such as change in building spaces application, demands, pandemic situation, among other reasons. In other words, a BEM that is created based on “as-designed” condition to predict building energy consumption (EC) can potentially become much less accurate during the lifetime of the building given the potential changes to the “in-operation” conditions. While BEMs can be adjusted to address operational changes, the end-user (i.e., building owner, manager, etc.) usually does not possess the knowledge to work with physics-based models (e.g., eQUEST) and therefore the initial BEM may no longer be of use to them. In the present paper, an approach is proposed and assessed through which a physics-based model is developed using eQUEST and simulated for several different operating conditions. The resulting data are then used for training an artificial neural network (ANN) which can serve as a simple and data-driven model for prediction of building energy consumption in response to changes in operating conditions. A case study is performed for a building on the campus of Florida Institute of Technology, to explore the changes that occurred in the building schedule of operation during COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on the performance of BEM. The inputs to the ANN are considered average daily values for outside dry bulb temperature, total daily global horizontal irradiation, hours of operation for the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system for the main building, and hours of operation for the HVAC system for the conference room, while the output is considered as the monthly energy consumption of the building. The trained ANN is then tested against the actual measured data for energy consumption (post-construction) under different scenarios and good agreement between the results is found. The approach presented in this work aims to serve as a methodology for using data-driven surrogate models that can be used beyond the construction phase of the building and in response to sudden changes in building operating conditions.
Post-subduction porphyry Cu magmas in the Sanjiang region of southwestern China formed by fractionation of lithospheric mantle–derived mafic magmas
Authors: Chang Jia , Audétat Andreas 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
For porphyry Cu deposits that formed during oceanic slab subduction, there is a general consensus that the ore-forming magmas evolved through fractionation of mafic magmas that were generated by slab fluid (± melt)–fluxed melting of the asthenospheric mantle wedge. This model, however, is not applicable to post-subduction porphyry Cu deposits because they formed distinctly after cessation of oceanic slab subduction. A popular model proposes that post-subduction porphyry Cu magmas were produced by partial melting of lower-crustal, sulfide-rich arc cumulates, with or without minor contributions from potassic mafic magmas. To reappraise the crustal melting model, we focused on one of the largest post-subduction porphyry Cu belts on Earth, which formed during the India-Asia collision in the Sanjiang region of southwestern China. Detailed petrographic studies and new Nd-Sr isotopic data from non-metasomatized versus metasomatized lower-crustal xenoliths suggest that previous models based on crustal melting rest upon wrong radiogenic isotope constraints due to pervasive metasomatism of the xenoliths. Based on traceelement quantitative modeling and regional-scale geochemical trends of magmatic rocks, we demonstrate that the Sanjiang post-subduction porphyry Cu magmas were produced by fractionation of potassic mafic magmas derived from lithospheric mantle. This study highlights that post-subduction porphyry Cu magmas attain their K-rich composition, and all the ore-forming ingredients, from subduction-modified lithospheric mantle, the existence of which may be a prerequisite for the formation of porphyry Cu deposits in post-subduction settings.