bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Activating receptor KIR2DS2 bound to HLA‐C1 reveals the novel recognition features of activating receptor
Authors: Yang Yi , Bai Hua , Wu Yankang , Chen Peng , Zhou Jin , Lei Jun , Ye Xiang , Brown Alex J. , Zhou Xi , Shu Ting , Chen Yongshun , Wei Pengcheng , Yin Lei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractKiller cell immunoglobulin‐like receptors (KIRs) are important receptors for regulating the killing of virus‐infected or cancer cells of natural killer (NK) cells. KIR2DS2 can recognize peptides derived from hepatitis C virus (HCV) or global flaviviruses (such as dengue and Zika) presented by HLA‐C*0102 to activate NK cells, and has shown promising results when used for cancer immunotherapy. Here, we present the complex structure of KIR2DS2 with HLA‐C*0102 at a resolution of 2·5Å. Our structure reveals that KIR2DS2 can bind with HLA‐C*0102 and HLA‐A*1101 in two different directions. Moreover, Tyr45 (in activating receptor KIR2DS2) and Phe45 (in inhibitory KIRs) distinguish the two different binding models and binding affinity between activating KIRs and inhibitory KIRs. The conserved ‘AT’ motif of the peptide mediates recognition and determines the peptide specificity of recognition. These structural characteristics shed light on how KIRs activate NK cells and can provide a molecular basis for immunotherapy by NK cells.
Direct Mailing Education Campaign Impacts on the Adoption of Grazing Management Practices
Authors: Berthold T. Allen , Olsovsky Taylor , Schramm Michael 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe Texas Commission on Environmental Quality facilitates the Clean Rivers Program where many of Texas' waters are monitored for various parameters. A common approach to address water quality impairments is to develop and implement Watershed Protection Plans, where a key management measure is to increase the adoption of best management practices through existing government programs that provide technical and financial assistance. A key role for watershed managers during implementation is to raise awareness that technical and financial resources are available to assist producers with adoption. Outreach approaches thus far have included in‐person education programs, attendance at local Soil and Water Conservation District (SWCD) meetings, newsletters, and other efforts that have only had minimal reach. As a result, we initiated a mass mailing campaign where 4,921 landowners within Lavaca County, Texas were reached four times in approximately six months with the same message. Partnering with the local SWCD and United States Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service offices, the number of individual best management practices were acquired for the current and previous five federal fiscal years to measure changes. Results suggest directly mailing educational materials to landowners is an effective outreach approach to increase the adoption of best management practices. Model results indicate a significant 300% increase in adoption of practices compared to historic levels.
Study of consumer perception about low‐sodium foods and characteristics related to perception and purchase of low‐sodium spreadable processed cheese
Authors: de Melo Leide Roberta Barboza , Torres Fernanda Rodrigues , Guimarães Jonas Toledo , Soutelino Maria Eduarda Marques , Cruz Adriano Gomez , Cortez Marco Antonio Sloboda 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study interviewed 1,511 consumers using an online questionnaire to understand consumer behavior on reduced‐sodium products and the buying interest for processed cheese with low sodium content. Likert scale techniques were applied, which was assessed by analyzing factors (49.38%), Cronbach's alpha (0.694) and KMO (0.703), which conferred reliability to the applied test, and word association and completion task, which were evaluated chi‐square and chi‐square per cell, respectively showing X2 = 799,635 and X2 = 6,428.59 (positive and negative stimuli), and X2 = 652.55 (purchase condition stimulus) for p < .0001. The consumer understands the problem of high sodium consumption, understands the use of products reduced in sodium, and recognizes the need to reduce the sodium content in cheeses, associates the purchase condition with the high cost and potential health benefits. However, the lack of technical knowledge about the product negatively influences the decision.Practical applicationsSensory analysis techniques helps to elucidate the behavior of consumers towards a specific niche of products, clearly understand positive and negative points that directly influence the buying attitude, and clarify the limits of consumers' knowledge about products reduced in sodium, specifically evaluating the perception, behavior and purchase an interest in the face of a new product developed. The study takes on great relevance when it diagnoses the lack of information about salt, sodium, cheese technology processed by the consumer and demonstrates important points that interfere with safety and how it affects the purchase decision. It also highlights the need for greater transparency of the dairy industries with the consuming public when it comes to better information about the product, both related to the components and the applied technology. The work also provides information that aggregates both in research with consumers and offers a way of approximation between industry and consumer.
No association between a common type 2 diabetes risk gene variant in the melatonin receptor gene (MTNR1B) and mortality among type 2 diabetes patients
Authors: Xue Pei , Tan Xiao , Wu Jiafei , Tang Xiangdong , Benedict Christian 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe minor G risk allele in the common melatonin receptor gene (MTNR1B, rs10830963) has been associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Furthermore, activating the melatonin receptor 1B through melatonin has been shown to promote cell proliferation, which could be hypothesized to increase cancer risk. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer are common causes of death among patients with T2D. Using data from 14 736 patients with T2D who participated in the UK Biobank investigation, we hypothesized an additive effect of the G risk allele on all‐cause mortality, CVD mortality, and cancer mortality. As shown by Cox regression adjusted for confounders such as age, glucose‐lowering medication, and socioeconomic status, no significant trend between the number of G risk alleles and mortality outcomes was found during the follow‐up period of 11.1 years. Our negative findings do not speak against the role of this gene variant in the development of T2D, as repeatedly shown by previous large‐scale studies. Instead, they may suggest that rs10830963 is less relevant for mortality risk in patients with T2D.
Road to elimination of HCV: Clinical challenges in HCV management
Authors: Hayes C. Nelson , Imamura Michio , Tanaka Junko , Chayama Kazuaki 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSince its discovery in 1989, the road to a cure for hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been slow, but most patients can now expect to achieve a sustained virological response (SVR). With direct‐acting antiviral (DAA) combination therapies such as glecaprevir/pibrentasvir and velpatasvir/sofosbuvir, 98% of patients successfully eradicate the virus, even if previous treatments failed or if resistance‐associated substitutions (RASs) are present. Adverse events are rare or mild, and patients with compensated cirrhosis and other co‐morbidities are often eligible for treatment. However, a small number of patients fail to eradicate the virus even after retreatment. The cause of failure is mainly due to emergence of NS5A P32 deletion mutants after initial DAA therapy in genotype 1b patients, although the reason is unknown for some patients. Alternative therapies that do not rely on NS5A inhibitors, such as sofosbuvir plus ribavirin, can be attempted in these patients. While scaled‐up treatment efforts present a challenge, another problem is that many carriers are unaware of their infection. Long‐term damage to the liver becomes irreversible, and patients who are not diagnosed in time can develop liver cancer or liver failure even after eliminating the virus. The long‐term costs of treatment of advanced liver disease in undiagnosed patients relative to the immediate costs of DAA therapy should be considered. As no vaccine is yet available, eventual elimination of the virus requires identifying and treating undiagnosed cases and screening of high‐risk populations such as injection drug users and men who have sex with men and female sex workers.
Architecture of torovirus replicative organelles
Authors: Ávila‐Pérez Ginés , Rejas María Teresa , Chichón Francisco Javier , Guerra Milagros , Fernández José Jesús , Rodríguez Dolores 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPlus‐stranded RNA viruses replicate in the cytosol of infected cells, in membrane‐bound replication complexes. We previously identified double membrane vesicles (DMVs) in the cytoplasm of cells infected with Berne virus (BEV), the prototype member of theTorovirusgenus (NidoviralesOrder). Our previous analysis by transmission electron microscopy suggested that the DMVs form a reticulovesicular network (RVN) analogous those described for the related severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS‐CoV‐1). Here, we used serial sectioning and electron tomography to characterize the architecture of torovirus replication organelles, and to learn about their biogenesis and dynamics during the infection. The formation of a RVN in BEV infected cells was confirmed, where the outer membranes of the DMVs are interconnected with each other and with the ER. Paired or zippered ER membranes connected with the DMVs were also observed, and likely represent early structures that evolve to give rise to DMVs. Also, paired membranes forming small spherule‐like invaginations were observed at late time post‐infection. Although resembling in size, the tomographic analysis show that these structures are clearly different from the true spherules described previously for coronaviruses. Hence, BEV shows important similarities, but also some differences, in the architecture of the replication organelles with other nidoviruses.
Optimizing atrio‐ventricular delay in pacemakers using potentially implantable physiological biomarkers
Authors: Keene Daniel , Miyazawa Alejandra A , Johal Monika , Arnold Ahran D , Ali Nadine , Saqi Khulat A , March Katherine , Burden Leah , Francis Darrel P , Whinnett Zachary I , Shun‐Shin Matthew J 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundHemodynamically optimal atrioventricular (AV) delay can be derived by echocardiography or beat‐by‐beat blood pressure (BP) measurements, but analysis is labor intensive. Laser Doppler perfusion monitoring measures blood flow and can be incorporated into future implantable cardiac devices.We assess whether laser Doppler can be used instead of BP to optimize AV delay.MethodsFifty eight patients underwent 94 AV delay optimizations with biventricular or His‐bundle pacing using laser Doppler and simultaneous noninvasive beat‐by‐beat BP. Optimal AV delay was defined using a curve of hemodynamic response to switching from AAI (reference state) to DDD (test state) at several AV delays (40–320 ms), with automatic quality control checking precision of the optimum.Five subsequent patients underwent an extended protocol to test the impact of greater numbers of alternations on optimization quality.Results55/94 optimizations passed quality control resulting in an optimal AV delay on laser Doppler similar to that derived by BP (median absolute deviation 12 ms).An extended protocol with increasing number of replicates consistently improved quality and reduced disagreement between laser Doppler and BP optima. With only five replicates, no optimization passed quality control, and the median absolute deviation would be 29 ms. These improved progressively until at 50 replicates, all optimizations passed quality control and the median absolute deviation was only 13 ms.ConclusionsLaser Doppler perfusion produces hemodynamic optima equivalent to BP. Quality control can be automatic. Adding more replicates, consistently improves quality. Future implantable devices could use such methods to dynamically and reliably optimize AV delays.
Differences in the approaches of cancer specialists toward adolescent and young adult cancer care
Authors: Matsumoto Kimikazu , Yamamoto Kazuhito , Ozono Seiichiro , Hashimoto Hiroya , Horibe Keizo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis study investigated the medical care of adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer patients and compared approaches toward AYA cancer care by pediatric and adult cancer specialists.MethodsAn Internet survey was conducted among 1,305 specialists (192 pediatric and 1,109 adult) in 2016.ResultsThe rate of awareness of the term “AYA” was lower for adult specialists than for pediatric specialists. The departments that are responsible for caring for AYA cancer patients change when they reach 20 years of age. For the treatment of AYA patients, both pediatric and adult specialists preferred a multidisciplinary team as a top priority issue. A special ward or hospital rooms for AYA was required mostly for AYA patients under 24, and the needs for special wards or rooms for AYA was higher in pediatric specialists than in adult specialists. However, for AYA patients over 25, about 60% of adult specialists and 35% of pediatric specialists believed that no special care was required. As for desirable follow‐up protocols for pediatric cancer AYA survivors, half of the specialists considered that they should be conducted mainly by pediatric specialists in cooperation with adult specialists, and 30% to 40% of the specialists considered that transition to the corresponding adult medicine department would be preferable.ConclusionsThere were obvious differences in medical care and support for AYA cancer patients according to their age, particularly under the age of 20 or 24, and according to whether the onset of disease occurred during the AYA period or whether it was secondary to pediatric cancers. For each aspect, appropriate programs would require close cooperation between pediatric and adult specialists.
Enabling successful transition—Evaluation of a transition to adult care program for pediatric liver transplant recipients
Authors: Culnane Evelyn , Loftus Hayley , Peters Rebecca , Haydar Madeleine , Hodgson Alexandra , Herd Lauren , Hardikar Winita 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate the transition to adult care program instituted for liver transplant recipients (LTRs) at a large tertiary pediatric hospital in Melbourne, Australia. Evaluation included the change in a Global Assessment Measure (GAM) before and after the transition program, satisfaction with the program, and measures of transition success including rejection rates and attendance at appointments post‐transfer. We hypothesized that the introduction of our structured transition program would improve disease understanding, health system understanding, and self‐care. We also hypothesized that those who had undergone the transition program would have lower failure to attend rates and lower rates of rejection than historical controls.MethodsA LTR transition program was instituted at our service from 2013 to 2015. The program involved initial assessment of competencies with a Global Assessment Measure (GAM), followed by the introduction of a personalized goal setting program addressing issues identified in dedicated transition clinics. Assessment of competencies was compared between the commencement of the program and immediately prior to transfer. Patient satisfaction with the transition process was assessed at an interview 6–12 months after transfer to the adult service. Rejection rates and failure to attend rates were compared between the intervention group and a group of LTRs who did not receive the intervention.ResultsTwenty‐eight LTRs participated in the study; 20 received the transition intervention and 8 served as controls. Within the intervention group, all domains of transition competency and reported anxiety regarding transferring had significantly improved at the conclusion of the intervention and all reported satisfaction with the transition program with most (81%) reporting readiness to transfer. There were no significant differences in rejection rates or failure to attend rates between those who did and did not receive the transition intervention.ConclusionA longitudinal holistic transition program has the potential to positively impact the competencies and readiness of LTRs to successful transition and transfer to adult care.
Carcinogenic effects of prolonged daily low‐emission phototherapy in psoriasis
Authors: Franken Sylvie Mireille , Spiekstra Sander Wiebrand , Waaijman Taco , Lissenberg‐Witte Birgit , Rustemeyer Thomas 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundLow‐dose UV treatment has been shown to be effective in mild psoriasis. However, the prolonged use of this treatment modality may raise concerns about its safety. These concerns are mainly focused on potential carcinogenic risks and overuse of this treatment modality.ObjectivesThis study was set out to evaluate possible carcinogenic risks of prolonged low‐dose phototherapy.MethodsThree groups of psoriasis patients were evaluated: patients with local treatment only (n = 15); low‐dose UV treatment at home for at least 18 months (n = 39); and patients with conventional NB‐UVB (n = 8). Patients underwent visual inspection for signs of photoageing, and p53, CPDs and γH2AX were measured in skin biopsies. Patients undergoing low‐dose phototherapy answered a survey about their recent patterns of use in a survey.ResultsIn the skin biopsies, low‐dose UV treatment caused a lower amount of CPDs (p = .016) and p53 (p = .015) than NB‐UVB. γH2AX did not show a significant difference. Self‐report in patients undergoing low‐dose phototherapy showed only one case of overuse (2.7%). Visual skin inspection showed no difference in signs of photoageing in the three groups.ConclusionProlonged treatment with low‐dose UV for 18 months appears at least as safe as a course of conventional NB‐UVB.
Complaints and tournament population ethics
Authors: Podgorski Abelard 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this paper, I develop an approach to population ethics which explains what we are permitted to do in virtue of the possible complaints against our action. This task is made difficult by a serious problem that arises when we attempt to generalize the view from two‐option to many‐option cases. The solution makes two significant moves – first, accepting that complaints are essentially pairwise comparative, and second, reimagining decision‐making as a tournament between options competing two at a time. The right view about when one option defeats another with respect to complaints, paired with the right view about how to pick the winners of the tournament given the relations of defeat, leads to a uniquely attractive view in the person‐affecting tradition.
Innovation and creativity in creative industries
Authors: Wohl Hannah 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCreativity is the intentional combination of symbols, ideas, or objects in a way that is unexpected for a given audience. While creativity is a process, innovation is the outcome of this process. Moving from the macro‐level to the micro‐level, I survey the literature on innovation and creativity in creative industries, spanning cultural, economic, and organizational sociology as well as management studies. As a broader market force, uncertainty over innovativeness results in powerful status orders with each creative industry. Within these markets, creative producers work to situate their products as innovative within certain categories and breadths of categories. Creative producers' social network configurations and their face‐to‐face interactions within these networks shape both the process of creative collaboration and the resulting innovations. Producers' moment‐to‐moment valuations, modes of cognition, and interactions with material properties of creative products also influence the creative process. I argue that future research should give more attention to how decisions in the creative process evolve over time and are relationally shaped.
Characteristics and outcomes among vaccinated lung transplant patients with breakthrough COVID‐19
Authors: Bollineni Srinivas , Mahan Luke D. , Duncan Patrick , Mohanka Manish R. , Lawrence Adrian , Joerns John , Timofte Irina , Torres Fernando , La Hoz Ricardo M. , Kershaw Corey D. , Terada Lance S. , Kaza Vaidehi , Banga Amit 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundDespite multiple studies evaluating the immunological responsiveness to vaccines, the clinical effectiveness of the two‐dose mRNA vaccine schedule among lung transplant (LT) patients has not been evaluated.MethodsWe included LT patients who tested positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 on a nasopharyngeal swab between March 1, 2020, and August 25, 2021 (n = 70). The study group was divided based on their vaccination status.ResultsDuring the study period, 14 fully vaccinated LT patients with one of the mRNA vaccines tested positive for COVID‐19 (median age 54, range 30–62 years, M:F 9:5). The vaccinated cohort was younger with bilateral LT, have suppurative conditions as the transplant indication, and present with milder symptoms. However, pulmonary parenchymal involvement was seen among all 12 patients where computed tomography (CT) of chest was available. The laboratory profile indicated a more subdued inflammatory response among the vaccinated group.A lower proportion of vaccinated patients developed respiratory failure, needed ICU admission or ventilator support, although none of the differences achieved statistical significance. None of the vaccinated patients succumbed to COVID‐19 during the study period, while the 4‐week mortality among unvaccinated patients was nearly 15% (8/56).ConclusionsIn this cohort of vaccinated LT patients who developed breakthrough COVID‐19, the clinical course, risk of complications, and outcomes trended better than unvaccinated patients. However, universal involvement of the allograft demonstrates the continued vulnerability of these patients to significant sequelae from COVID‐19. Future studies may evaluate the incremental protection of vaccination after the completion of the third dose of mRNA vaccines among LT patients.