bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A role for the local environment in driving species‐specific parasitism in a multi‐host parasite system
Authors: Hasik Adam Z. , Siepielski Adam M. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

The extent and magnitude of parasitism often vary among closely related host species and across populations within species. Determining the ecological basis for this species and population‐level variation in parasitism is critical for understanding infection dynamics in multi‐host–parasite systems. To investigate such ecological underpinnings of variation in parasitism, we studied Enallagma damselfly host species and their water mite (Arrenurus spp.) ectoparasites in lakes.

We first evaluated how host identity and density could shape parasitism. To test the effects of con‐ and heterospecific host density on parasitism, we used a field experiment with Enallagma basidens and E. signatum. We found that parasitism did not vary with con‐ or heterospecific density and was determined by host identity alone, with no spillover effects.

We also evaluated the potential role of local adaptation and resource availability in shaping parasitism. To do so, we used E. signatum in a reciprocal transplant experiment crossed with a prey resource‐level manipulation. This experiment revealed that parasitism declined sharply for one host population in its non‐local lake, but not the other source population, with no effects of prey levels. This asymmetry implies that damselflies express enhanced defences against parasitism that are neither population‐specific nor dependent on resource abundance, or that mites developed heightened local host specificity.

The results of multivariate modeling from an observational study generally supported these experimental findings: neither host density nor resource abundance strongly explained among‐population variation in parasitism. Instead, local abiotic conditions (pH) had the strongest relationship with parasitism, with minimal associations with predator density, temperature and a measure of immune function.

Collectively, our findings suggest a crucial role for the local environment in shaping host–parasite interactions within multi‐host–parasite systems. More generally, these results show that research at the intersection of community ecology and disease ecology is critical for understanding host–parasite dynamics within natural communities.
Negotiating racialized organizational spaces and intimacies: An ethnography of playpen strip club
Authors: Silva Cristina , Newton‐Francis Michelle , Vidal‐Ortiz Salvador 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBased on 18 months of ethnographic research in a Northeast corridor strip club we call Playpen, we engage sex negotiations, erotic service exchanges, and the circulation of desire within an informal, weekly “Latina Night” event. We treat Playpen as a gendered and racialized organization in which patrons, dancers, and employees manage established, yet unspoken rules. Labor interactions and dynamics between dancers and clients are racialized when gesturing toward bodily currency ‐ which materializes in tips, drinks, paid lap dances, and more exclusive attention; dancers compete for such currency, using their selection of music and dance, movements, adornments, body modifications and emotional labor. Selected pairings negotiate open spaces by turning pockets of the club into semi‐private, intimate ones. Dancers' and clients' gendered and racialized notions of currency (in this case, racialized Latinidad) clash, ultimately serving the club in keeping “Latina Night” in place.
Cognitive behaviour therapy in adults with spinal cord injury: A scoping review
Authors: Yang Shu‐Hua , Mu Pei‐Fan , Huang Wen‐Cheng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimThe aim of this study is to report on the extent and range of the research evaluating cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) in adults with spinal cord injury.BackgroundSpinal cord injury is a devastating event that can lead to permanent neurologic deficit. Compared with the average person, spinal cord injury (SCI) patients are at twice the risk of developing mood disorders, highlighting vulnerability of SCI patients' mental states which can be easily hurt. CBT is the most commonly used psychosocial intervention.DesignThis was a scoping review.Review methodFive electronic databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycINFO and Airiti Library) were searched for articles published between 1990 and 2021. Google Scholar was utilized to search additional articles listed in the reference lists of included articles.ResultsOverall, 16 articles met the inclusion criteria, with the majority reporting on CBT, that focused on psychological distress and neuropathic pain. The core concept of intervention included disease identification, cognitive distortion/modification and coping strategies.ConclusionsThere were significant knowledge gaps on the interventions' content and effectiveness for psychological distress of persons with SCI. Development of multifaceted cognitive behaviour interventions, especially to strengthen self‐identity and to inspire patients' hope, is needed. Further research is required to investigate the long‐term effectiveness of CBT.
Hazards of anti‐Blackness in the United States
Authors: Rowell‐Cunsolo Tawandra L. , Bellerose Meghan , Haile Rahwa 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOn February 26, 2012, a Black child, Trayvon Martin, was executed in Sanford, Florida. Seventeen months later his killer was found not guilty. This is but one example of the state's brazen disregard for Black life, rooted in the kidnapping and enslavement of Africans more than 400 years ago, and the ways in which they and their descendants were systematically tortured. Trayvon Martin's murder catalyzed the Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement, which names and resists deeply entrenched state violence and inequities against Black people in the United States. In this manuscript we: (1) summarize examples of structural disregard for Black lives in the United States; (2) describe how this disregard is reflected in differential patterns of social inequities, morbidity, and mortality; and (3) discuss how we can better employ the BLM perspective to frame a more historicized understanding of patterns in population health and to envision ways to resist health inequities.
Presence and possible impact of Fcγ receptors on resident kidney cells in health and disease
Authors: Typiak Marlena , Audzeyenka Irena , Dubaniewicz Anna 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFcγ receptors (FcγRs) bind the Fc fragment of immunoglobulin G (IgG), mostly after IgG opsonizes a bacterial or viral antigen or danger/damage‐associated molecule. Consequently, classic FcγRs initiate phagocytosis of the IgG–antigen immune complex and stimulate an immune reaction against the threat. Signals from activating FcγRs (FcγRI, FcγRIIa/c, FcγRIIIa/b) are balanced by inhibitory FcγRIIb and likely also by two FcR‐like proteins (FCRL4 and FCRL5). The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) recirculates IgG and increases its half‐life. The last FcγR that has been identified in humans, tripartite motif‐containing protein 21 (TRIM21), acts toward pathogen destruction via the proteasomal or autophagic pathway. The expression of FcγRs occurs almost exclusively in immune cells. However, podocytes, key cells in the glomerular filtration barrier, also possess several features of an immune cell and express receptors for IgG. The presence of FcγRs in glomeruli was analyzed in the Human Protein Atlas project. FcγR occurrence in whole glomeruli or in particular resident kidney cells was also showed in a few original articles. In human podocytes only FcRn has been studied extensively, and the presence and role of other FcγRs remain obscure. Research on the genetic background of kidney diseases revealed a connection between FcγRs and several nephropathies. Investigations of FcγR expression in podocytes appear to be of great clinical importance. The present review discusses the latest literature on FcγRs in kidney cells (especially podocytes), with an emphasis on their involvement in kidney health and disease.
The central Alps comprise a major dispersal barrier between western and eastern populations of two butterfly species
Authors: Trense Daronja , Jager Laura , Fischer Klaus 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimGenetic connectivity and diversity are key components of species' resilience to environmental change. However, the specific factors shaping species' resilience are poorly understood. We here aim to strengthen our understanding of resilience in two butterfly species, by identifying regions of high genetic diversity and barriers to dispersal.LocationEuropean Alps.TaxonCopper butterflies (Lycaena spp.).MethodsWe sampled 21 Lycaena hippothoe and 14 L. virgaureae populations with 18 individuals each in the European Alps. Using 14 and 9 microsatellite markers, respectively, we analysed genetic diversity and population structure (using arlequin, genalex, structure and snmf). We analysed spatial patterns of gene flow and genetic diversity (using an estimated effective migration surface), population demographic history and effective population size (diyabc), habitat suitability (maxent), and isolation by distance, and with resistance (genalex, circuitscape).ResultsWe found higher genetic diversity and a more pronounced genetic structure in L. hippothoe than in L. virgaureae. Both species displayed a major genetic barrier in the central Alps. Western and eastern populations showed the highest genetic diversity in L. hippothoe, but central ones in L. virgaureae. Populations of both species were structured by geodetic distance, and minimum and maximum altitude.Main ConclusionsThe population genetic structure of both Copper butterflies seemed to be strongly affected by population history, demography and geographic features. Valleys and high mountain ridges seem to comprise major dispersal barriers. The high genetic diversity and pronounced population structure found in L. hippothoe seems to be related to a low dispersal ability and closed populations with high local abundances as opposed to L. virgaureae. We suggest that different conservation strategies are needed for these closely related species, focussing on connecting suitable habitats in L. hippothoe and increasing local population sizes in L. virgaureae.
Low winter temperatures and divergent freezing resistance set the cold range limit of widespread alpine graminoids
Authors: von Büren Raphael S. , Hiltbrunner Erika 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAim“Where and why does a species exist” is a fundamental question in ecology. However, the actual range limits of alpine plant species are largely unexplored and unexplained. We aim at identifying the cold range limits of the two most abundant alpine graminoid species on acidic soils that intermingle in mosaics of high‐elevation habitats across the European Alps.LocationAlpine grasslands in the Swiss Alps.TaxonCarex curvula (Cyperaceae) and Nardus stricta (Poaceae).MethodsWe assessed temperature 3 cm below ground, closest to the plant meristems, year‐round as well as snow cover duration, soil chemistry and vegetation characteristics at high spatio‐temporal resolution at 115 microsites. Field data were combined with various freezing resistance analyses in plant individuals at 38 microsites by employing mixed regression models.ResultsCarex and Nardus segregated across different microsites. Season length, growing degree hours and soil chemistry did not demarcate the two species' ranges, while their distribution was strongly affected by soil minimum temperature in winter. Carex occurred at sites with and without protecting snow cover and resisted low soil temperatures (−13°C). Nardus was absent at microsites with snow cover duration < 5 months and soil minimum temperatures below −5°C. During the growing season Carex had a higher leaf/shoot freezing resistance (lethal temperature for 50% of the leaf tissue LT50: −16.1°C) than Nardus (−13.3°C). Shoot apices tolerated lowest temperatures: Carex −30°C, Nardus −24°C. Though, a vital shoot apex alone did not ensure regrowth after winter, but intact vessels and roots were required, all less freezing tolerant than apical meristems and young leaves.Main conclusionsThe cold range limits of these widespread alpine graminoids are evidently set by thermal extremes in winter. Microtopography, thus snow distribution pattern, in concert with the species' freezing resistance explains the cold edge of the fundamental niche of these two species.
Defining electrocardiographic criteria to differentiate non‐type 1 Brugada ECG variants from normal incomplete RBBB patterns in the young SCD‐SOS cohort
Authors: Carrington Mafalda , Creta Antonio , Young William J. , Carrington Maria , Henriques Jorge , Teixeira Rogério , Gonçalves Lino , Lambiase Pier D. , Providência Rui 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionWe assessed the prevalence of non‐type 1 Brugada pattern (T1BrP) in children and young adults from the Sudden Cardiac Death‐Screening Of risk factorS cohort and the diagnostic yield of nonexpert manual and automatic algorithm electrocardiogram (ECG) measurements.MethodsCross‐sectional study. We reviewed 14 662 ECGs and identified 2226 with a rSr′‐pattern in V1‐V2. Among these, 115 were classified by experts in hereditary arrhythmic‐syndromes as having or not non‐T1BrP, and were compared with measurements of 5 ECG‐derived parameters based on a triangle formed by r′ ‐wave (d(A), d(B), d(B)/h, β‐angle) and ST‐ascent, assessed both automatically and manually by nonexperts. We estimated intra‐ and interobserver concordance for each criterion, calculated diagnostic accuracy and defined the most appropriate cut‐off values.ResultsA rSr′‐pattern in V1‐V2 was associated with higher PQ interval and QRS duration, male gender, and lower body mass index (BMI). The manual measurements of non‐T1BrP criteria were moderately reproducible with high intraobserver and moderate interobserver concordance coefficients (ICC: 0.72–0.98, and 0.63–0.76). Criteria with higher discriminatory capacity were: distance d(B) (0.72; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.65−0.80) and ST‐ascent (0.87; 95% CI: 0.82–0.92), which was superior to the 4 r′‐wave criteria together (area under curve [AUC: 0.74]). We suggest new cut‐offs with improved combination of sensitivity and specificity: d(B) ≥ 1.4 mm and ST‐ascent ≥ 0.7 mm (sensitivity: 1%–82%; specificity: 71%–84%), that can be automatically measured to allow classification in four morphologies with increasing non‐T1BrP probability.ConclusionrSr′‐pattern in precordial leads V1‐V2 is a frequent finding and the detection of non‐T1BrP by using the aforementioned five measurements is reproducible and accurate. In this study, we describe new cut‐off values that may help untrained clinicians to identify young individuals who may require further work‐up for a potential Brugada Syndrome diagnosis.
Surgical versus catheter ablation in atrial fibrillation: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Rattanawong Pattara , Kanitsoraphan Chanavuth , Kewcharoen Jakrin , Sriramoju Anil , Shanbhag Anusha , Ko Ko Nway L. , Barry Timothy , Vutthikraivit Wasawat , Shen Win‐Kuang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionAtrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia with a high stroke and mortality rate. The video‐assisted thoracoscopic radiofrequency pulmonary vein ablation is a treatment option for patients who fail catheter ablation. Randomized data comparing surgical versus catheter ablation are limited. We performed a meta‐analysis of randomized control trials to explore the outcome efficacy between surgical and catheter radiofrequency pulmonary vein ablation in patients with AF.MethodsWe comprehensively searched the databases of MEDLINE and EMBASE from inception to December 2020. Included studies were published randomized control trials that compared video‐assisted thoracoscopic and catheter radiofrequency pulmonary vein ablation. Data from each study were combined using the fixed‐effects, generic inverse variance method of DerSimonian, and Laird to calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals.ResultsSix studies from November 2013 to 2020 were included in this meta‐analysis involving 511 AF patients (79% paroxysmal) with 263 catheter ablation (mean age 56 ± 3 years) and 248 surgical ablations (mean age 52 ± 4 years). Catheter ablation was associated with increased atrial arrhythmias recurrence when compared to surgical ablation (pooled relative risk = 1.85, 95% confidence interval: 1.44−2.39, p < .001, I2 = 0.0%) but associated with less total major adverse events (pooled relative risk = 0.29, 95% confidence interval: 0.16−0.53, p < .001, I2 = 0.0%). In subgroup analysis, catheter ablation was associated with increased AF recurrence in refractory paroxysmal AF when compared to surgical ablation (pooled relative risk = 2.47, 95% confidence interval: 1.31−4.65, p = .005, I2 = 0.0%) but not in persistent AF (relative risk = 1.09, 95% confidence interval: 0.60−2.0, p = .773).ConclusionCatheter ablation was associated with higher atrial arrhythmia recurrence when compared with surgical ablation. However, our study suggests that the benefit of surgical ablation in patients with persistent AF is unclear. More studies and alternative ablation strategies investigation in persistent AF are warranted.
Flood forecasting methods for a semi‐arid and semi‐humid area in Northern China
Authors: Zhu Xueping , Zhang Yu , Qi Wei , Liang Yankuan , Zhao Xuehua , Cai Wenjun , Li Yang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe Double‐Excess (DE) model is a flood forecasting model which was developed to reflect the characteristics of runoff generation in semi‐arid and semi‐humid areas. However, the empirical unit hydrograph used in the subbasin confluence module often has low precision because of the difficulty associated with parameter quantification. This study improves the subbasin confluence module of the DE model by coupling the geomorphologic instantaneous unit hydrograph (GIUH) to establish the improved DE model (DE‐GIUH) to calculate the subbasin confluence based on topographic physical characteristics. The improved model is applied to the Wangjiahui Hydrological Station Basin in Northern China. Compared with the conventional DE model and the widely used hydrologic modelling system (HEC‐HMS) model, the results show that DE‐GIUH improved flood forecasting, including the component peak discharge, flood peak appearance time and flood progress. The qualified rate (QR) of all three models reached grade A (QR ≥ 85.0%). However, the proportion of the deterministic coefficient (DC) reaching grade B or above (DC ≥ 0.70) improved from 50% (HEC‐HMS) and 30% (DE) to 90% (DE‐GIUH) in the calibration period, and from 62.5% and 25% to 75% in the validation period. In particular, for large and medium floods, the proportion of DC reaching grade B and above is 100% for DE‐GIUH, which is much higher than that of the other two models. The proposed improved model provides an alternative method for flood prediction in ungauged areas.
Endo‐Radiofrequency subcision for acne scars treatment: A case series study
Authors: Nilforoushzadeh Mohammad Ali , Heidari‐Kharaji Maryam , Fakhim Tannaz , Torkamaniha Elham , Nouri Maryam , Rafiee Shohreh , Roohaninasab Masoumeh , Behrangi Elham , Jaffary Fariba 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundAcne scars have important psychosocial suffering for patients. Several interventions have been utilized to treat acne scars that have different degrees of efficacy and side effect. Multimodal method can attain better results to improving the physical appearance of the patients that can significantly increase the quality of life. Subcision is a recognized treatment procedure particularly for rolling acne scars, but it needs modification to increase the effect of procedure.AimsThe aim of the study was to assess the efficacy and safety of Endo‐Radiofrequency (Endo‐RF) subcision in acne scars treatment.MethodsIn this study, 9 adult patients with atrophic acne scars were enrolled. The patients receive Endo‐RF subcision one time and followed up for 6 months. Outcome was measured using biometric assessment by Visioface 1000 D, Mexameter and skin ultrasound imaging system, post‐treatment photographs and patient's satisfaction.ResultsThe results showed that patients had significant improvement from baseline according to the reduction of the number of skin fine and large pore (p < 0.05) and spots (p < 0.05). Also, the density and thickness of the dermis and epidermis were significantly increased (p < 0.05).ConclusionsEndo‐RF subcision modality can consider as a safe and effective method for acne scar treatment.
The psychosocial impact of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Neo Elise YL , Sharma Hemani , Mason Lynne , Liu Anthony , Poulton Alison , Bhurawala Habib 
Published: June 2022

AimType 1 diabetes mellitus has a large psychosocial impact on children and their families. This study's primary aim was to investigate whether the COVID‐19 pandemic affects the psychosocial impact of T1DM and glycaemic control.MethodsDuring the 2020 lockdown, New South Wales residents were not allowed to leave home except for essential activities. After 3 months, children with T1DM and their parents were invited to complete online questionnaires. Data on glycaemic control were extracted from the children's clinical records with informed consent. Descriptive and comparative statistics were used to analyse the responses.ResultsOut of 149 families, 99 responses were received, with 92 participants identified. Comparable proportions of parents (56%) and children (45%) were anxious about the child's increased risk of contracting severe illness due to COVID‐19. Most responses from parents and children were closely correlated (r > 0.5, P ≤ 0.001) There was no consistent effect of lockdown on HbA1c levels, but there was a significant inverse correlation between HbA1c levels and parents' perception of the child having clear and concrete goals for diabetes care (r = −0.25, P < 0.05). The HbA1c also correlated positively with the child feeling depressed and alone with their diabetes when isolated (r = 0.36, P = 0.02).ConclusionsDespite life‐style changes and a negative psychosocial impact, we did not find objective evidence of any detrimental impact of the lockdown on diabetic control. However, higher HbA1c correlated with children feeling more depressed and alone. There was a comparable frequency of anxiety concerning the risk of severe COVID illness in children and their parents.