bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changing temporal volatility of precipitation extremes due to global warming
Authors: Franzke Christian L. E. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIt is of utmost importance to understand how precipitation extremes change due to global warming. Here, we examine the volatility of precipitation extremes by analysing the waiting time distribution between events and the clustering of precipitation extremes. For this we use the ERA5 reanalysis data and high‐resolution simulations with the Community Earth System Model (CESM). We find significant evidence for a power‐law distribution of waiting times between precipitation extremes and of serial clustering of precipitation extremes. This suggests that precipitation extremes do not occur independently from each other. This is in contrast with previous studies which typically assume that precipitation extreme events occur independently from each other. CESM reproduces these properties well. The climate change simulations show that the waiting times between precipitation extremes become shorter and that at the same time the clustering of precipitation extremes increases. Hence, global warming affects the temporal characteristics of precipitation extremes and, thus, precipitation extremes will become more volatile.
Assessment of future wind speed and wind power changes over South Greenland using the Modèle Atmosphérique Régional regional climate model
Authors: Lambin Clara , Fettweis Xavier , Kittel Christoph , Fonder Michaël , Ernst Damien 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWind is an infinitely renewable energy source that is not evenly distributed in space and time. The interconnection of energy‐demanding and energy‐resourceful (yet remote) regions would help prevent energy scarcity in a world where fossil fuels are no longer used. Previous studies have shown that South Greenland and West Europe have complementary wind regimes. In particular, the southern tip of Greenland, Cape Farewell, has gained growing interest for wind farm development as it is one of the windiest places on Earth. In order to gain new insights about future wind speed variations over South Greenland, the Modèle Atmosphérique Régional (MAR), validated against in situ observations over the tundra where wind turbines are most likely to be installed, is used to build climate projections under the emission scenario SSP5‐8.5 by downscaling an ensemble of CMIP6 Earth System Models (ESMs). It appeared that between 1981 and 2100, the wind speed is projected to decrease by ~−0.8 m·s−1 at 100 m a.g.l. over the tundra surrounding Cape Farewell. This decrease is particularly marked in winter while in summer, a wind speed acceleration is projected along the ice sheet margins. An analysis of two‐dimensional wind speed changes at different vertical levels indicates that the winter decrease is likely due to a large‐scale circulation change while in summer, the katabatic winds flowing down the ice sheet are expected to increase due to an enhanced temperature contrast between the ice sheet and the surroundings. As for the mean annual maximum wind power a turbine can yield, a decrease of ~−178.1 W is projected at 100 m a.g.l. Again, the decrease is especially pronounced in winter. Considering the very high winter wind speeds occurring in South Greenland which can cut off wind turbines if too intense, the projected wind speed decrease might be beneficial for the establishment of wind farms near Cape Farewell.
Advantages of a variable‐resolution global climate model in reproducing the seasonal evolution of East Asian summer monsoon
Authors: Zhu Haonan , Zhang Jie , Xu Zexuan , Di Vittorio Alan V. , Xin Xiaoge , Xiao Chan , Li Yonghua 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) is unique among monsoon systems that it features meridional evolution of the summer monsoon. In this study, we evaluate the performances of a Variable‐Resolution Community Earth System Model (VR‐CESM) regionally refined over eastern China (14 km) in reproducing the seasonal evolution of EASM precipitation over China. Compared with reference datasets, VR‐CESM shows better performance than the corresponding globally uniform coarse‐resolution model CESM (quasi‐uniform 1°), especially over western China where complex local topography exists. The northward monsoon migration is closely related to low‐level southerly flows and vertical moisture advection, which are more reasonably simulated in VR‐CESM. The four critical timings of the EASM (monsoon onset, withdrawal, peak, and duration) are also better captured in VR‐CESM than in CESM. The corresponding spatial Pearson correlation coefficients of the four critical timings with respect to reference datasets are about 0.1 higher in VR‐CESM than those in CESM. Both models are most accurate in simulating monsoon onset and least accurate at simulating the monsoon peak. The overestimated zonal thermal contrast in CESM is responsible for the earlier monsoon onset and excessive precipitation in September over the Yangtze River valley. Finer resolution in VR‐CESM, especially over the Tibetan Plateau (TP), appears to be a main factor in simulating better zonal thermal contrast and seasonal evolution of the EASM.
Impacts of global warming on summer precipitation trend over northeastern Eurasia during 1990–2010 using large‐ensemble experiments
Authors: Kanamori Hironari , Abe Manabu , Fujinami Hatsuki , Hiyama Tetsuya 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSummer precipitation (June–August) increased markedly during the 2000s in Siberia, particularly in eastern Siberia. However, the nature of the mechanism that controlled this increase in precipitation remains under discussion. This study investigated the impacts of global warming on the trend of summer precipitation over northeastern Eurasia using large‐ensemble data from historical warming and nonwarming simulations for 1990–2010. Positive summer precipitation trends across Siberia reproduced in the ensemble mean of the historical simulation were similar to the observed data; however, negative trends observed over northeast China and Mongolia were not found in the ensemble mean. To extract members with a pattern of precipitation trend similar to that of the observations, empirical orthogonal function analysis was applied to the summer precipitation trend over Siberia for each simulation. The first leading mode in each simulation showed increase (decrease) in precipitation over eastern Siberia (northeast China), consistent with the spatial features of the observations. In the extracted members, the spatial pattern of the cyclonic (anticyclonic) circulation trend over northern parts of eastern Siberia (northeast China), associated with decadal and multidecadal variation, was amplified by global warming and resulted in an increasing trend of westerly moisture flux into eastern Siberia from western Siberia. Additionally, surface heating in northeast China, enhanced by global warming, might concurrently have intensified the cyclonic circulation over eastern Siberia. Furthermore, the results suggested that the reduced extent of Arctic sea ice coverage played a role in strengthening the cyclonic circulation over eastern Siberia and enhancing water vapour transport from the Arctic Ocean, which contributed to the strength of the westerly moisture flux over eastern Siberia. Although notable impacts of global warming on the precipitation trend in northeastern Eurasia were found, internal variation in the model experiments was also likely to have affected the precipitation trend, particularly in mid‐latitude regions.
Lagged effect of Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Sleep Disturbance on subacute postsurgical PROMIS Pain Behavior
Authors: Highland Krista B. , Parry James , Kent Michael , Patzkowski Jeanne C. , Patzkowski Michael S. , Herrera Germaine , Kane Alexandra , Giordano Nicholas A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSleep disturbance is a modifiable risk factor that, when reduced, may improve subacute postsurgical outcomes (e.g., pain‐related impact). Evidence also indicates that pain and sleep may have a bidirectional longitudinal relationship before to (sub) acutely after surgery. The objective of the present study is to examine the degree to which sleep disturbances and pain behavior have uni‐ or bidirectional relationships in a sample of patients undergoing sports orthopedic surgery. In this observational, longitudinal cohort study, participants ( = 296) were adult (ages 18+) active duty service members who underwent open or arthroscopic shoulder or knee surgery at Walter Reed National Military Medical Center. Participants were asked to complete PROMIS Sleep Disturbance and Pain Behavior computer adaptive testing item banks before surgery, 6 weeks postsurgery, and 3 months postsurgery. Patient‐level covariates were analyzed for interrelationships using nonparametric bivariate statistics. Autoregressive and cross‐lagged structural equation modeling examined the bidirectional relationships of patient‐level covariates and PROMIS outcomes. When controlling for patient‐level covariates, sleep disturbance at presurgical and 2‐week postsurgical timepoints were positively associated with both sleep disturbance and pain behavior at the subsequent timepoint. Sleep disturbance may contribute to pain‐related functioning and quality of life after sports orthopedic surgery. Future studies utilizing multidimensional patient report outcomes and robust analytics are needed to better understand whether sleep‐targeted interventions can improve subacute and long‐term orthopedic sports surgery outcomes.
Three‐dimensional magnetic resonance imaging analysis shows sex‐specific patterns in changes in anterior cruciate ligament cross‐sectional area along its length
Authors: Menghini Danilo , Kaushal Shankar G. , Flannery Sean W. , Ecklund Kirsten , Murray Martha M. , Fleming Braden C. , Kiapour Ata M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSmaller anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) size in females has been hypothesized to be a key contributor to a higher incidence of ACL tears in that population, as a lower cross‐sectional area (CSA) directly corresponds to a larger stress on the ligament for a given load. Prior studies have used a mid‐length CSA measurement to quantify ACL size. In this study, we used magnetic resonance imaging to quantify the CSA along the entire length of the intact ACL. We hypothesized that changes in the ACL CSA along its length would have different patterns in males and females. We also hypothesized that changes in ACL CSA along its length would be associated with body size or knee size with different associations in females and males. MR images of contralateral ACL‐intact knees of 108 patients (62 females, 13–35 years) undergoing ACL surgery were used to measure the CSA along the ACL length, using a custom program. For both females and males, the largest CSA was located at 37%–39% of ACL length from the tibial insertion. Compared to females, males had a significantly larger CSA only within the distal 41% of the ACL (p < 0.001). ACL CSA was associated with patient height and weight in males (r > 0.3; p < 0.05), whereas it was associated with intercondylar notch width in females (r > 0.3; p < 0.05). These findings highlight the importance of standardizing the location of measurement of ACL CSA.
Modeling anabolic and antiresorptive therapies for fracture healing in a mouse model of osteogenesis imperfecta
Authors: O'Donohue Alexandra K. , Dao Aiken , Bobyn Justin D. , Munns Craig F. , Little David G. , Schindeler Aaron 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOsteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a genetic bone fragility disorder that features frequent fractures. Bone healing outcomes are contingent on a proper balance between bone formation and resorption, and drugs such as bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and bisphosphonates (BPs) have shown to have utility in modulating fracture repair. While BPs are used for OI to increase BMD and reduce pain and fracture rates, there is little evidence for using BMPs as local agents for fracture healing (alone or with BPs). In this study, we examined wild‐type and OI mice (Col1a2+/G610C) in a murine tibial open fracture model with (i) surgery only/no treatment, (ii) local BMP‐2 (10 µg), or (iii) local BMP‐2 and postoperative zoledronic acid (ZA; 0.1 mg/kg total dose). Microcomputed tomography reconstructions of healing fractures indicated BMP‐2 was less effective in an OI setting, however, BMP‐2 +ZA led to considerable increases in bone volume (+193% WT, p < 0.001; +154% OI, p < 0.001) and polar moment of inertia (+125% WT, p < 0.01; +248% OI, p < 0.05). Tissue histology revealed a thinning of the neocortex of the callus in BMP‐2 treated OI bone, but considerable retention of woven bone in the healing callus with BMP + ZA specimens. These data suggest a cautious approach may be warranted with the sole application of BMP‐2 in an OI surgical setting as a bone graft substitute. However, this may be overcome by off‐label BP administration.
Table olive elicits antihypertensive activity in spontaneously hypertensive rats
Authors: Franco‐Ávila Talia , Moreno‐González Rocío , Juan M. Emília , Planas Joana M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDTable olives are a food with a high content of bioactive compounds with cardioprotective properties, such as oleic acid, polyphenols, and pentacyclic triterpenes. Here, we investigate the effect of the intake of table olives on blood pressure (BP) and body weight in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and their normotensive controls, Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats. ‘Arbequina’ table olives (3.85 g kg−1) were administered by gavage to SHR and WKY rats in short‐term (1 day) and long‐term (7 weeks) experiments. BP was measured by the tail‐cuff method, and polyphenols and triterpenes were determined in olives and plasma by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry.RESULTSAdministration of ‘Arbequina’ olives to WKY rats did not exert any change in BP in any of the experiments. However, in SHR, the single dose induced a transient reduction in BP of approximately 15 mmHg, from the second to the tenth hour after the administration. In the long‐term assay, a similar decrease was established in the second week and was maintained throughout the experiment. Moreover, the daily administration of olives to rats did not affect their body weight when compared with controls in either the WKY rats or SHR. The determination of polyphenols and triterpenes in plasma indicated that, at the end of the experiment, only maslinic acid, oleanolic acid, hydroxytyrosol, and luteolin were found, all of them being compounds with already described capacity to decrease BP.CONCLUSIONThe results suggest that the daily intake of table olives could decrease BP in hypertension without affecting body weight, indicating that table olives could contribute to improving cardiovascular health. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
NMR‐based metabolomics reveals tissue metabolic responses to tetramethoxy gossypol in cottonseed oil
Authors: Lv Mengying , Wang Lei , Guo Yujuan , Yao Jun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDCottonseed oil is one of the most widely consumed cooking oils because of its high nutritional benefits and relatively low price. The present study evaluated the effects of tetramethoxy gossypol (TMG), a rarely reported degradation product of free gossypol produced in crudely extracted cottonseed oil, on the metabolic responses of liver, heart, spleen, kidney and lung tissues in rats using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy combined with chemometric and bioinformatics techniques.RESULTSEndogenous low‐molecular‐weight metabolites in rat liver, heart, spleen, kidney and lung tissues were profiled by 1H NMR spectroscopy. The unsupervised principal components analysis and the supervised orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis revealed that the metabolic profiles in liver samples were greatly changed after TMG administration. Twenty significantly changed liver metabolites were screened out and further evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, which were closely related to amino acid, glutathione, energy and lipid metabolism.CONCLUSIONConcerning the potential chronic exposure to TMG in cottonseed oil and other cottonseed products, the cumulative effects of dietary TMG on tissues, especially the liver, should be noted when improving the quality control standard of cottonseed oil. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Pedicled vastus lateralis myocutaneous flap for sacropelvic defects after wide oncologic resection: Wound complications and outcomes
Authors: Shah Akash A. , Lozano‐Calderon Santiago A. , Berner Emily A. , Austen William G. , Winograd Jonathan M. , Park Howard Y. , Bernthal Nicholas M. , Crawford Brooke M. , Hornicek Francis J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesAdequate coverage of the soft tissue defects from wide resection of sacropelvic malignancies remains challenging. The vastus lateralis flap has been described for coverage in the setting of trauma and infection. This flap has not been described for coverage of sacropelvic tumor defects.MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study of adult patients who underwent wide resection of a primary sacropelvic malignancy with reconstruction employing a pedicled vastus lateralis flap at two tertiary care centers. Patient demographics, tumor staging, and rate of complications were assessed.ResultsTwenty‐eight patients were included, with a median age of 51 years. The most common primary tumor was chondrosarcoma followed by chondroblastic osteosarcoma. The median follow‐up was 1.1 years. There were 10 cases of wound infection requiring re‐operation and three cases of flap failure.ConclusionsWe describe a pedicled vastus lateralis flap for coverage of defects after wide resection of sacropelvic malignancies. A large proportion of our cohort had independent risk factors for wound complications. Even with a cohort with high baseline risk for wound complications, we show that the use of a pedicled vastus lateralis flap is a safe reconstructive option with a wound complication rate in line with the literature.
Importance of flood irrigation for foraging colonial waterbirds
Authors: Moulton Colleen E. , Carlisle Jay D. , Knetter Sonya J. , Brenner Kathryn , Cavallaro Robert A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFor a colonial‐nesting bird, like the white‐faced ibis (Plegadis chihi), the landscape surrounding the breeding colony can be important. White‐faced ibis must rely on areas outside their breeding colony for foraging, but this part of their life history has received little attention, and the management of this landscape even less so. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted road‐based driving surveys and a randomly selected, spatially balanced sample survey of agricultural fields within a 22‐km radius of the 2 largest white‐faced ibis breeding colonies in Idaho, USA: Market Lake Wildlife Management Area and Mud Lake Wildlife Management Area. Our study took place in 2012 and the primary objective was to quantify patterns of foraging habitat use of this marsh‐nesting species, particularly associations with specific irrigation practices and crop types. We documented the majority of foraging birds in flood‐irrigated and wheel‐line sprinkler‐irrigated agricultural fields (76%) and natural wetlands (13%), which were limited in our study area (3% of land cover). Even though 70% of the agricultural landscape included center pivot sprinkler irrigation, only 11% of foraging observations came from this irrigation type. Most agricultural fields (>85%) used by foraging ibis were flood‐irrigated and all had standing water or recent moisture at the time of use. Though ibis used many crop types when foraging in flooded agricultural fields, ibis use of alfalfa (58%) was greater than availability (38%). We also observed distinct distribution patterns around the 2 breeding colonies. Whereas birds foraged in all directions around Mud Lake (~80%) within a 12‐km radius from the colony, we observed over half of birds around Market Lake foraging within 12–22 km, and almost exclusively to the south and southeast of the colony, reflecting the distribution of flood‐irrigated agriculture in the area. The most common foraging distance (12–22 km) around Market Lake is greater than found in existing literature, suggesting that the foraging habitat is limited within 12 km of the colony and that the birds may need to travel farther to find adequate foraging habitat. Flood‐irrigated agriculture and natural wetlands provide foraging habitats for white‐faced ibis in eastern Idaho and should be considered in future management and conservation of wetland birds.
Interventions and Outcomes in Glottic Versus Multi‐level Airway Stenosis: A Multi‐institutional Review
Authors: Rao Shambavi J. , Gochman Grant E. , Stasyuk Anastasiya , Del Rosario Kychelle L. , Cates Daniel J. , Madden Lyndsay L. , Young VyVy N. 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveAirway stenosis—particularly multi‐level—presents complex management challenges. This study assessed rates of tracheostomy, decannulation, and the number of surgeries required in patients with posterior glottic stenosis (PGS), multi‐level airway stenosis (MLAS), and bilateral vocal fold paralysis (BVFP).MethodsAirway stenosis patients treated between 2016 and 2021 at three tertiary medical centers were identified. Demographics, etiology of stenosis, medical comorbidities, and patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) were collected.Results158 patients (84 women, mean age 56.98 ± 15.5 years) were identified (54 PGS, 38 MLAS, and 66 BVFP). 72.3% required tracheostomy, including 72.2%, 86.8%, and 63.6% in these groups, respectively. Decannulation rates were 43.6%, 21.2%, and 32.5% in these groups, respectively. Patients with MLAS had higher rates of tracheostomy than BVFP (p < 0.05). However, decannulation rates were not different between groups (p > 0.05). MLAS required more surgeries (mean 4.0 ± 3.9) than PGS (2.4 ± 2.2, p = 0.02) or BVFP (1.0 ± 1.8, p < 0.0001). Mean PROMs scores at the latest follow‐up were abnormal: 15.4 ± 12.2 (Dyspnea Index), 19.9 ± 12.2 (Voice Handicap Index‐10), and 9.67 ± 11.1 (Eating Assessment Tool‐10). Co‐morbidities present included body mass index >30 (41.4%), diabetes (31.8%), pulmonary disease (50.7%), gastroesophageal reflux disease (39.4%), autoimmune disease (22.9%), and tobacco use history (55.2%).ConclusionsAirway stenosis is a challenging clinical problem that negatively impacts patients' quality of life and often requires numerous surgeries. PGS more frequently requires tracheostomy compared to BVFP, but patients can often decannulate successfully. Patients with multi‐level stenosis have lower decannulation rates and require more surgeries than glottic stenosis alone; these patients may benefit from earlier and/or more aggressive intervention.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 133:528–534, 2023