bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intrauterine Hyponutrition Reduces Fetal Testosterone Production and Postnatal Sperm Count in the Mouse
Authors: Fujisawa Yasuko , Ono Hiroyuki , Konno Alu , Yao Ikuko , Itoh Hiroaki , Baba Takashi , Morohashi Kenichirou , Katoh-Fukui Yuko , Miyado Mami , Fukami Maki , Ogata Tsutomu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlthough intrauterine hyponutrition is regarded as a risk factor for the development of “testicular dysgenesis syndrome” (TDS) in the human, underlying mechanism(s) remain largely unknown.MethodsTo clarify the underlying mechanism(s), we fed vaginal plug-positive C57BL/6N female mice with regular food ad libitum throughout the pregnant course (control females) (C-females) or with 50% of the mean daily intake of the C-females from 6.5 dpc (calorie-restricted females) (R-females), and compared male reproductive findings between 17.5-dpc-old male mice delivered from C-females (C-fetuses) and those delivered from R-females (R-fetuses) and between 6-week-old male mice born to C-females (C-offspring) and those born to R-females (R-offspring).ResultsCompared with the C-fetuses, the R-fetuses had (1) morphologically normal external genitalia with significantly reduced anogenital distance index, (2) normal numbers of testicular component cells, and (3) significantly low intratesticular testosterone, in association with significantly reduced expressions of steroidogenic genes. Furthermore, compared with the C-offspring, the R-offspring had (1) significantly increased TUNEL-positive cells and normal numbers of other testicular component cells, (2) normal intratesticular testosterone, in association with normal expressions of steroidogenic genes, (3) significantly reduced sperm count, and normal testis weight and sperm motility, and (4) significantly altered expressions of oxidation stress-related, apoptosis-related, and spermatogenesis-related genes.ConclusionsThe results, together with the previous data including the association between testosterone deprivation and oxidative stress-evoked apoptotic activation, imply that reduced fetal testosterone production is the primary underlying factor for the development of TDS in intrauterine hyponutrition, and that TDS is included in the clinical spectrum of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease.
Fred Manville Taylor and the Origins of the Term “Say's Law”
Authors: Béraud Alain , Numa Guy 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The term “Say's Law” was introduced in the twentieth century by an American economist, Fred Manville Taylor. To this date, no research has thoroughly investigated how the term came to be and what it really meant in Taylor's writings. This paper aims to examine how Taylor defined and used it. Drawing upon Taylor's publications and archival sources, we show that Taylor coined the term in direct reference to Jean-Baptiste Say's writings. Simply put, Say's Law was defined by Taylor as the principle that “total demand must in the long run coincide with the total product or output of goods produced for the market.” Taylor never defined Say's Law as “the impossibility of demand deficiency as a cause of recession.” Like Say, Taylor acknowledged that general demand deficiency could cause economic crises. In such scenarios, public expenditures could have expansionary effects, a position that Say also supported. Taylor rightly credited Say with the earliest and clearest formulation of the law of outlets (loi des débouchés), and in doing so he correctly interpreted the essence of Say's thinking.
Introduction
Authors:   The Editors
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This is a roundtable discussion about the Basic Law: Israel—The Nation State of the Jewish People, 2018. The contributions by Honaida Ghanim and Lana Tatour situate this law in the longer legal and political history of Israeli settler colonialism in Palestine. The third contribution by Rahul Rao offers a comparative account of the Indian Citizenship (Amendment) Act (CAA), 2019, which is similarly marked by racism and exclusion and resonates strongly with the politics of Zionism.
Formation of the Metastable Iron (III) Germanate Fe2GeO5 through Kinetic Control of the Oxidative Reaction
Authors: Kakimoto Kazuo , Ohki Yoshiaki , Takada Saki , Haraguchi Yuya , Yamamoto Ayako , Katori Hiroko Aruga 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Synthesis of complex oxides requires high temperatures to overcome barriers due to the diffusion of solids. Therefore, the most stable polymorphs are obtained in general reactions. However, it is necessary to design kinetic reactions with low initial energy barriers and control the reaction path and products to synthesize novel and metastable oxides. We report the synthesis of a metastable Fe2GeO5 with a kyanite-type structure via kinetic control of oxidative reaction in Fe2GeO4. It is also found that Fe2GeO5 was not synthesized at all by the conventional method, high-pressure synthesis method, or coprecipitation method. Our result indicates that kinetic control of the oxidative reaction is a promising method for synthesizing metastable materials.
Assessment of performance and implementation characteristics of rapid point of care SARS-CoV-2 antigen testing
Authors: Muthamia Eva , Mungai Samuel , Mungai Mary , Bandawe Gama , Qadri Firdausi , Kawser Zannat , Lockman Shahin , Ivers Louise C , Walt David , Suliman Sara , Mwau Matilu , Gitaka Jesse 
Published: February 2022

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a need for rapid identification of infectious cases. Testing barriers have prohibited adequate screening for SARS-CoV-2, resulting in significant delays in commencement of treatment and outbreak control measures. This study aimed to generate evidence on the performance and implementation characteristics of the BD Veritor™ Plus System rapid antigen test as compared to reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 in Kenya. Methods: This was a field test performance evaluation in adults undergoing testing for SARS-CoV-2. Recruited participants were classified as SARS-CoV-2-positive based on RT-PCR carried out on nasopharyngeal swabs. Antigen tests were performed with simultaneous RT-PCR on 272 participants, allowing estimation of sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values for the rapid antigen test. Implementation characteristics were assessed. Results: We enrolled 97 PCR negative symptomatic and 128 PCR negative asymptomatic, and 28 PCR positive symptomatic and 19 PCR positive asymptomatic participants. Compared to RT-PCR, the sensitivity of the rapid antigen test was 94% (95% confidence interval [CI] 86.6 to 100.0) while the specificity was 98% (95% CI 96 to 100). There was no association between sensitivity and symptom status, or between the cycle threshold value and sensitivity of the BD Veritor. The rapid test had a quick turnaround time, required minimal resources, and laboratory personnel conducting testing found it easier to use than RT-PCR. The relatively high sensitivity of BD Veritor may be partially attributed to shortages of RT-PCR testing materials, resulting in specimen analysis delays and potential degradation of viral genetic material. Therefore, in resource-constrained settings, rapid antigen tests may perform better than the reference RT-PCR, resulting in prompt institution of isolation and treatment measures. Conclusion: The BD Veritor rapid antigen test’s high sensitivity should be interpreted with consideration to the challenges occasioned by RT-PCR testing in resource-constrained settings.
Computing Optimized Path Integrals for Knapsack Feasibility
Authors: Daues Endric , Friedrich Ulf 
Published: February 2022

A generating function technique for solving integer programs via the evaluation of complex path integrals is discussed from a theoretical and computational perspective. Applying the method to knapsack feasibility problems, it is demonstrated how the presented numerical integration algorithm benefits from a preoptimized path of integration. After discussing the algorithmic setup in detail, a numerical study is implemented to evaluate the computational performance of the preoptimized integration method, and the algorithmic parameters are tuned to a set of knapsack instances. The goal is to highlight the method’s computational advantage for hard knapsack instances. Summary of Contribution: A method for evaluating the feasibility of knapsack problems is discussed and connected to the existing theory on generating function techniques for computational integer optimization. Specifically, the number of solutions to knapsack instances is computed using numerical quadrature of complex path integrals. The choice of the path of integration is identified as an important degree of freedom, and it is shown that preoptimizing the path improves the computational performance for hard instances significantly. The scope of this work is to give a self-contained presentation of the mathematical theory, introduce and discuss path optimization as a presolving routine, and demonstrate the computational performance of the overall approach with the help of a detailed numerical study. The main goal is to highlight the computational advantage of the new algorithm for hard knapsack instances.
Stimulating Consumption at Low Budget: Evidence from a Large-Scale Policy Experiment Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Liu Qiao , Shen Qiaowei , Li Zhenghua , Chen Shu 
Published: February 2022

We use a novel panel with detailed transaction records of more than one million de-identified individuals to study the effect of a large-scale Chinese government-issued digital coupon program on consumer spending. Exploiting a difference-in-differences approach, we find that the digital coupon is highly effective in stimulating consumption. An effective government subsidy of RMB 1 can drive excess spending of RMB 3.4 to RMB 5.8, and the effect persists across multiple coupon issuance waves. In explaining the results, we find that a behavioral model with mental accounting and loss aversion can match the empirical evidence from the field. Our analysis, by illustrating the importance of embedding behavioral factors into the design and implementation of public policy, informs the current debate about cost-effective policy tools to recover the economy. This paper was accepted by Matthew Shum, marketing.
Measuring the Welfare of Intermediaries
Authors: Donna Javier D. , Pereira Pedro , Pires Tiago , Trindade André 
Published: February 2022

We investigate the welfare of intermediaries in oligopolistic markets where intermediaries offer additional services. We exploit the unique circumstance that in the empirical setting studied, outdoor advertising, consumers can purchase from manufacturers or intermediaries. Intermediaries provide additional services to the consumers and charge a margin for them. Intermediaries provide the following additional services: search services (information about products), purchase-aggregation services (access to quantity discounts), and consulting services. We specify an equilibrium model and structurally estimate it using market-level data. The demand includes consumers with costly search and channel-specific preferences. The supply includes two distribution channels. One features bargaining about wholesale prices between manufacturers and intermediaries and downstream price competition. The other is vertically integrated. We show how Google search data can be used to identify the search-cost parameters. We use the estimated model to simulate counterfactual scenarios where intermediaries do not offer additional services. We find that the three services considered provide value to consumers, with search playing a prominent role. Our analysis helps explain why intermediaries are ubiquitous in modern economies despite the double marginalization. This paper was accepted by Matthew Shum, marketing. Funding: The authors acknowledge the allocation of computing time from the Ohio Supercomputer Center [Grant PAS1350-2]. This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – Brasil (CAPES) – Finance Code 001. This work was also supported by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia [Grant UIDB/00315/2020]. Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2021.4266 .
The Price of Belonging: Price Setting in the Market for Champagne Grapes
Authors: Ody-Brasier Amandine 
Published: February 2022

Various studies show that social relations between exchange partners affect price setting behaviors. Although scholars expect a broad range of buyer–seller relations to shape price—and different types of relations to have different effects—we have surprisingly little quantitative evidence for these views. This is in part because extant empirical work operationalizes relations rather narrowly, focusing on repeated exchange relations. Drawing on existing theory and fieldwork in the market for Champagne grapes, this paper investigates how community relations and repeated exchange shape price setting behavior. I use unique transaction-level price data to document the effects of these two types of buyer–seller relations. I find that community relations reduce deviations from local pricing norms such that, for an average transaction, grape sellers charge about €1,500 less when the buyer belongs to their village or school district. I draw on rich qualitative data to illustrate what is driving these effects. Interviews reveal not only that social relations infuse in the exchange a logic of action at odds with the logic of markets, but also, importantly, that there is some heterogeneity within the embedded logic of exchange. In particular, community relations appear to be more constraining than repeated exchange for price setters. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2021.1564 .
The Impact of Ginning Rate on Fiber and Seed Quality
Authors: Blake Cody D , Whitelock Derek P , Funk Paul A , Armijo Carlos B , Buser Michael D 
Published: February 2022

HighlightsReducing the ginning rate improved fiber quality properties.HVI color, leaf grade, and trash area were improved as the ginning rate is reduced.AFIS gave longer, more uniform, and lower short fiber content results with slower ginning rates.Economic benefits on lower ginning rates are negated by input cost, i.e., labor costs.Abstract. Fiber quality needs to be maintained as ginning rates and saw loadings increase. This study utilized two gin stands, which were each operated at three different Ginning Rate Levels to determine if there were significant differences in fiber quality as a function of ginning rate. As ginning rates were reduced, HVI results for leaf grade, trash area, and color grade, were significantly improved. AFIS measurements showed lower ginning rates resulted in longer fibers with less short fiber. Reducing the ginning rate on average from 7.36 to 4.10 bales/h (48.7 to 27.2 kg/saw/h) increased the lint value by $3.92 per 218 kg bale, yet the increase in lint value may be negated by increased labor and other costs due to the additional processing time per bale. Keywords: Fiber quality, Ginning rate, Short fiber content, Neps, Saw gin capacity.
Storing Peanuts in Grain Bags
Authors: Butts Christopher L , Ward Jason K 
Published: February 2022

HighlightsExisting bag loading equipment may be used to load both in-shell and shelled oil stock peanuts.Grain bags can be loaded at 1.2 t/m of in-shell peanuts and 2.3 t/m of shelled oil stock peanuts.Existing extraction equipment requires modification to unload shelled oil stock peanuts due to poor flow characteristics.Grain bags not suitable for storing in-shell peanuts due to significant moisture migration and quality reduction under typical Georgia conditions.Abstract.Edible grade farmers’ stock peanuts and shelled oil stock peanuts were stored in hermetically sealed silo or grain bags to determine their suitability for short-term storage. The objectives of the study were to evaluate equipment for loading and unloading the grain bags, the capacity of the grain bags, and the changes in quality. In May 2015, approximately 90 Mg of farmers’ stock (in-shell) peanuts from the 2014 crop were unloaded from a commercial warehouse, transported to Dawson, Georgia, and loaded into two 2.7 m diameter grain bags. Similarly, 85 Mg of shelled oil stock peanuts were loaded into two 2.7 m diameter grain bags. Farmers’ stock bags were unloaded after 30 and 60-d storage. A vacuum extractor and a skid steer loader were used due to wet peanuts in the top of the bag. Both oil stock bags were unloaded after 60-d storage. A skid steer loader was used to unload the oil stock bags because shelled oil stock peanuts did not flow adequately to use the conventional bag extraction equipment. Oxygen content in the farmers’ stock peanuts decreased from ambient levels (21%) to an average of 8.6% after 15-d storage. After 20-d storage, the oxygen content in the oil stock had decreased to 14%. A layer of high moisture peanuts due to moisture migration and subsequent condensation in the top of both of the farmers’ stock bags resulted in the peanuts being unsuitable for human consumption and reduced the value from $342/Mg to approximately $125/Mg for oil stock, a 63% reduction in value. No moisture problems were observed in the oil stock bags when they were unloaded. Based on these studies, sealed grain bags would be unsuitable for temporarily storing farmers’ stock peanuts under typical Georgia conditions. Sealed grain bags could possibly be used to store oil stock peanuts for 60 d, but suitable unloading equipment would have to be found or developed. Keywords: Grain bag, Groundnut, Handling, Hermetic, Peanut, Silo bag, Storage.
CFD Simulation of Airflow Distribution in a Heat Pump-Assisted Deep-Bed Paddy Dryer
Authors: Kavindi M. A. R. , Amaratunga K. S. P. , Ekanayake E. M. A.C.. , Fernando A. J. , Abesinghe A. M. S. K. 
Published: February 2022

HighlightsUneven drying is an inevitable drawback when using heat pump-based deep-bed dryers in commercial drying industries.Understanding the drying behavior of the heat pump-based deep-bed dryers is important to optimize the drying technology.COMSOL Multiphysics is a very helpful tool as it can be used to predict the drying behavior.Abstract. Heat pump dryers are widely used in drying agricultural products because of its capability in drying products at comparatively lower temperatures in commercial scale. However, deep-bed heat pump drying (HPD) leads to uneven drying because of its poor airflow distribution in the drying chamber. Optimizing the proper design of a heat pump dryer system may reduce the non-uniformity of drying and increases dryer efficiency. This study aimed to investigate the airflow distribution in a deep bed of rough rice dried with a heat pump using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The Navier-Stokes equation, Heat transfer equation, and Fick’s Law were used in the mathematical models for simulation of air velocity, temperature, and relative humidity respectively. COMSOL Multiphysics simulation program v5.4 solved all the models with the boundary conditions of inlet velocity, inlet temperature, and drying air moisture content. The simulation was used to predict the temperature and the humidity of drying air at three different dryer locations during the drying process. Finally, the simulated data were verified using experimental results. The values of relative error and mean relative deviation for drying air temperature in paddy bed were less than ±18.05%, 13.52%. Relative error and mean relative error for air moisture in paddy bed were less than ±15.83% and 14.44%, respectively. The results indicated that the simulation model developed could effectively use for predicting the air temperature and air relative humidity with a reasonable accuracy. Keywords: CFD simulation, COMSOL Multiphysics, Heat pump drying.
Personal, professional, and psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hospital workers: A cross-sectional survey
Authors: Honarmand Kimia , Yarnell Christopher J. , Young-Ritchie Carol , Maunder Robert , Priestap Fran , Abdalla Mohamed , Ball Ian M. , Basmaji John , Bell Chaim M. , Jeffs Lianne , Shah Sumesh , Chen Jennifer , LeBlanc Danielle , Kayitesi Jessica , Eta-Ndu Catherine , Mehta Sangeeta 
Published: February 2022

Objectives
We aimed to evaluate the personal, professional, and psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hospital workers and their perceptions about mitigating strategies.

Design
Cross-sectional web-based survey consisting of (1) a survey of the personal and professional impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and potential mitigation strategies, and (2) two validated psychological instruments (Kessler Psychological Distress Scale [K10] and Impact of Events Scale Revised [IES-R]). Regression analyses were conducted to identify the predictors of workplace stress, psychological distress, and post-traumatic stress.

Setting and participants
Hospital workers employed at 4 teaching and 8 non-teaching hospitals in Ontario, Canada during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results
Among 1875 respondents (84% female, 49% frontline workers), 72% feared falling ill, 64% felt their job placed them at great risk of COVID-19 exposure, and 48% felt little control over the risk of infection. Respondents perceived that others avoided them (61%), reported increased workplace stress (80%), workload (66%) and responsibilities (59%), and 44% considered leaving their job. The psychological questionnaires revealed that 25% had at least some psychological distress on the K10, 50% had IES-R scores suggesting clinical concern for post-traumatic stress, and 38% fulfilled criteria for at least one psychological diagnosis. Female gender and feeling at increased risk due to PPE predicted all adverse psychological outcomes. Respondents favoured clear hospital communication (59%), knowing their voice is heard (55%), expressions of appreciation from leadership (55%), having COVID-19 protocols (52%), and food and beverages provided by the hospital (50%).

Conclusions
Hospital work during the COVID-19 pandemic has had important personal, professional, and psychological impacts. Respondents identified opportunities to better address information, training, and support needs.