bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nanogel Development and its Importance in Ophthalmic Drug Delivery
System
Authors: Gaikwad Sachin S. , Jadhav Sahil V. , Salunkhe Kishor S. 
Published: September 2022

Background:
The current review focuses on ophthalmic nanogels, their applications, their benefits over traditional gels, and the challenges and opportunities of nanogels. The major goal is to investigate ophthalmic nanogels from preparation through characterization and how nanogels are the future of the ophthalmic drug delivery system compared to traditional gels, eye drops, and ointments.

Objective:
Because of the ophthalmic bioavailability, delivery to the eye is crucial. The lacrimal flu-id in the eye clears the eye surface, and the ocular sight is washed away as a result of this medicine. The limited ocular bioavailability was also due to the different obstacles present. Drug nano-gelling systems are effective in improving ocular bioavailability and corneal permeation time. Nanoparti-cles abound in these nanogels. Various natural polymers, such as Chitosan and Alginate, and syn-thetic polymers, such as PLA and PLGA, can be used to make nanogels. The use of nanotechnology improves medicine bioavailability and penetration in the eye. However, nanotechnology has some limits, such as large-scale manufacturing, restricting medicine doses, and so forth.

Conclusion:
Nanotechnology offers much clinical potential when it comes to treating eye issues. Although ophthalmic nanogels are suited for effective drug delivery, they must meet several re-quirements. First, the drug component must be encapsulated adequately in a stable polymer com-plex. In ocular drug delivery, nanogels are a preferable option since they can improve patient com-pliance and therapeutic impact. In addition, the nanogel has a faster corneal penetration time and higher bioavailability.
Factors related to childbirth self-efficacy among primigravida in Yogyakarta
Authors: Dwiarini Muafiqoh 
Published: September 2022

<p><strong><em>Background : </em></strong><em>Childbirth self-efficacy refers to a woman's self-confidence in her</em><em>ability to cope with labor and contributes significantly to her perception of pain during labor. Mothers with low self-efficacy felt nervous, felt they lacked strength, and expressed more fear, so that the labor process did not go smoothly and lasted longer, causing greater pain for both the mother and baby. Pregnant women with high childbirth self-efficacy had higher intention to attempt vaginal birth, while those choosing caesarean had lower self-efficacy beliefs.</em></p><p> </p><p><strong><em>Objectives : </em></strong><em>This study was to determine factors related childbirth self-efficacy among primigravida. <strong></strong></em></p><p><strong><em>Methods : </em></strong><em>This study used analytic observational method with cross sectional design. This research was conducted at Community Health Centers and two maternity clinics in Yogyakarta with 112 sample pregnant woman. They were recruited using a purposive sampling technique based on the criteria. The study used Childbirth Self-Efficacy (CBSEI) scale, the Fear of Childbirth (FOC) scale, and demographic data questionnaires. The independent sample t-test, ANOVA, pearson’s correlation coefficient, to determine the factors related childbirth self-efficacy. </em></p><p><strong><em>Results : </em></strong><em>The results of this study indicate that the factors associated with childbirth self-efficacy were antenatal class and prenatal yoga with a p value of 0.000 (p &lt;0.05). In addition, there is a significant negative correlation between childbirth self-efficacy and fear of childbirth (r = -.34, p &lt; .01). In other words, pregnant women with higher childbirth self-efficacy meant less fear of childbirth.</em></p><strong><em>Conclusions: </em></strong><em>Factors related childbirth self-efficacy were antenatal class, prenatal yoga, and fear of childbirth.<strong> </strong>The results of this study provided a better understanding of factors related childbirth self-efficacy. Based on the results, strategies to increase childbirth self-efficacy should focus on decreasing the level of fear of childbirth, which can be done by attending prenatal education and doing prenatal yoga. </em>
The effect of Korean wave on body image and eating disorders among female adolescents in Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Habibah Nurina Umy , Tsani A Fahmy Arif , DW Sumarni 
Published: September 2022

Background: Currently, Indonesia is one of the countries affected by the Korean "fever" due to the Korean wave's globalization through the media. The content of K-pop which displays model characteristics that are identical to a slender body, tall, and attractive, can lead to adolescent body image perception. The problem most often experienced by adolescents is physical appearance. The negative body image in adolescence could encourage the emergence of eating behavior disorders known as eating disorders. Objective: To analyze the relation between Korean wave exposure through media information with body image and eating disorders risk in female high school students in Yogyakarta. Methods: This research used the cross-sectional method with a quantitative approach. The research population was female first-grade high school students in Yogyakarta. The subjects of 109 female students who are qualified with the inclusion criteria: enrolled students in the selected schools, physically healthy, and willing to take part in the research; are requested to fill out the Korean wave exposure questionnaire to measure the type and frequency of exposure, the Contour Drawing Rating Scale questionnaire to measure the body image, and the Eating Attitude Test 26 to determine the eating disorders risk. Data were analyzed with the Chi-Square test and logistic regression test. Results: Univariate analysis showed that 11% of the subject was exposed to Korean wave with various type of exposure, 88.1% of the issue was dissatisfied with their body and developed negative body image, and 47.7% of the issue was at risk of eating disorders; 53% of them tend to developed diet behavior, 21.04% bulimia, and 25.96% was in oral intake restriction. The multivariate analysis showed that Korean wave exposure (RP=1.6; 95%CI=0.7-10.04) correlates significantly with negative body image perception. Eating disorders risk significantly affected by Korean wave exposure (RP=2.1; 95%CI=0.97-4.63) and body image (RP=2.93; 95%CI=1.25-5.49). Chi-Square analysis showed body image significantly correlates with eating disorders risk (RP=6.2; 95%CI=1.25-5.94). Conclusions: Exposure to Korean waves affected negative body image in female adolescents. On the other hand, Korean wave exposure and body image also affected eating disorder behavior among female adolescents.* Presented at the International Nutrition and Health Symposium (INHESION) on Sunday, November 15th, 2020, in Yogyakarta, organized by HIMAGIKA and the Department of Health Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada
Tipologi alamat di perkotaan dan perdesaan Indonesia dalam proses standardisasi pengalamatan
Authors: Sutanta Heri , Chintya Ni Putu Praja , Atunggal Dedi , Diyono Diyono , Mustofa M. Fakhruddin , Siswosudarma Suprajaka 
Published: September 2022

Abstrak. Alamat merupakan salah satu komponen wajib pada identitas penduduk dan dokumen legal-formal lain yang digunakan dalam berbagai kepentingan serta kegiatan sehari-hari. Dalam dunia nyata terdapat variasi penulisan alamat. Variasi penulisan alamat ini memiliki elemen yang terkait aspek lokalitas wilayah maupun yang terkait dengan ketiadaan standar pengalamatan. Variasi penulisan alamat diinventarisasi melalui survei lapangan dan survei secara daring. Survei dilakukan di wilayah perdesaan dan perkotaan untuk dapat memotret berbagai tipe penulisan alamat. Tipologi penulisan alamat tersebut kemudian diklasifikasikan berdasar dua model. Berdasarkan fungsinya, ada alamat yang digunakan untuk kepentingan legal-formal dan alamat yang digunakan untuk penunjuk atau penanda lokasi. Berdasarkan karakteristik wilayahnya terdapat tipologi alamat perdesaan dan alamat perkotaan. Di model alamat perdesaan terdapat 18 komponen sedangkan di model alamat perkotaan terdapat 16 komponen. Selanjutnya, berdasarkan tipologi alamat yang diperoleh dan kebutuhan alamat dalam kegiatan legal-formal ditetapkan sifat kewajiban setiap komponen alamat. Tiga sifat yang ditetapkan meliputi wajib (W), bersyarat (B), dan opsional (O). Hasil penetapan ini selaras dengan RSNI2 tentang Pengalamatan di Wilayah Perdesaan dan Perkotaan di Indonesia. Abstract. Address is one of the mandatory components of resident identity and other legal-formal documents used in various interests and daily activities. In the real world, there are variations of writing addresses. This variation of address writing has elements related to regional locality aspects and those associated with the absence of addressing standards. Address writing variations were inventoried through field surveys and online surveys. The survey was conducted in rural and urban areas to portray various types of address writing. The typology of address writing is then classified based on two models. Based on its function, there are addresses used for legal-formal purposes and addresses used for pointers or location markers. Based on the characteristics of the region, there are typologies of rural addresses and urban addresses. In the rural address model, there are 18 components, while in the urban address model, there are 16 components. Furthermore, based on the typology of addresses obtained and the need for addresses in legal-formal activities, the nature of the obligations of each component of the address is determined. The three defined properties include mandatory (W), conditional (K), and optional (O). The results of this determination are in line with the RSNI2 concerning Addressing in Rural and Urban Areas in Indonesia.
AVALIAÇÃO DA INFLUÊNCIA DE MISTURAS NO PROCESSO DE OTIMIZAÇÃO PARA A FORMAÇÃO DE NANOCOMPÓSITOS
Authors: De Carvalho Luana Caliandra Freitas , Chaves Nayane Oliveira , Dos Santos Junior José Carlos , Gimenez Iara de Fátima 
Published: September 2022

O Hidróxido Duplo Lamelar (HDL) é intercalado entre suas lamelas pelo material polimérico PVP K10 e PVP360 na presença de água para a formação dos nanocompósitos. Em razão das forças que mantêm as lamelas “empilhadas” e com a elevada capacidade de modificação da sua composição, gera diversas possibilidades de combinações químicas nas camadas lamelares quanto ao ânion intercalado e a quantidade de água na estrutura do composto. O polímero, então, permeia no espaço interlamelar e as lâminas se reorganizam estando agora alteradas pela presença de polímero para formar, na melhor das hipóteses, uma estrutura multilamelar ordenada. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar qual o melhor método em solução utilizado para a formação dos nanocompósitos e compreender a morfologia dos nanocompósitos, ou seja, o grau de dispersão dos polímeros na matriz da argila aniônica (HDL), consequentemente, correlacioná-la com as propriedades finais obtidas. Para o processo de dispersão das cargas, foram utilizados três métodos de dispersão: agitador mecânico, turrax e o banho ultrassom, onde as amostras ficaram por um período 30 min; 5 min e 1h, sob agitação magnética, turrax e banho ultrassom respectivamente. A morfologia dos nanocompósitos foi avaliada por Difração de Raios-X (DRX). As análises sugerem a formação dos nanocompósitos em até 1 hora de reação no banho ultrassom, resultado atribuído à estrutura amídica da PVP, capaz de estabilizar as lamelas negativamente carregadas da argila.
Effect of Different Irrigants on the Adhesive Interface and Influence on the Push Out Strength of Fiber Posts
Authors: Belizario LG , Piragine TL , Girotto AC , Gelio MB , Pereira JR , Fernandez E , Kuga MC 
Published: September 2022

SUMMARY

Purpose
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a new irrigant solution on the post space cleaning and the adhesive resistance of fiber posts.

Methods and Materials
Eighty roots of bovine teeth were randomly allocated into eight groups (n=10 for each group). Evaluations were performed in two different time points for each irrigant. The irrigants included a control group with distilled water (DW), 2.5% NaOCl and 17% EDTA (SH), 1% peracetic acid (PA), and 5% boric acid and 1% citric acid (EX). The time points were 24 hours (I-immediate) and 6 months (D-delayed). The push-out test was performed using a universal testing machine with a 5 kN load cell operating at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/minute. The dentinal cementation system was analyzed using a laser confocal microscope (LSM5, Zeiss, Jena, Germany), and incidence of residue on radicular dentin was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The incidence of residue was evaluated by the Kruskal-Wallis test and push-out bond strength and dentin penetrability were evaluated via a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey tests (α=0.05).

Results
The EX irrigation protocol demonstrated the lowest incidence of residue on the dentin surface (p&lt;0.05), independently of the evaluated third. In the cervical and the middle post thirds, EXI, EXD, SHI, and SHD groups exhibited similar push-out bond strength values (p&gt;0.05). EXI, EXD, PAI, and PAD exhibited the greatest dentinal penetrability of the cementation system in all the post thirds (p&lt;0.05).

Conclusions
A solution containing 5% boric acid and 1% citric acid can be a promising irrigant for radicular post space cleaning. It has adequate potential for cleaning the dentin surface without interfering with the adhesive interface between the dentin and the cementation system.
KOMITMEN ORGANISASI, MOTIVASI, DAN ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR DALAM MENINGKATKAN KINERJA KARYAWAN PADA PT. ACE HARDWARE DENPASAR
Authors: Vipraprastha Tiksnayana , Bagus Nyoman Kusuma Putra Bagus 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to determine whether organizational commitment, motivation, and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) have an impact on the performance of employees of PT. Ace Hardware Denpasar. Samples were collected using the saturated sampling technique method with the Slovin’s formula, totaling 97 respondents. The data analysis technique used in this research is multiple regression analysis. The results showed that: (a) there was a significant and positive effect of organizational commitment on employee performance; (b) there was a significant and positive effect of motivation on employee performance; and (c) there is a significant and positive effect of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) on employee performance.
Keywords: organizational commitment; motivation; organizational citizenship behavior; employee performance.

ABSTRAK
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah komitmen organisasi, motivasi, dan organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) memberikan dampak pada kinerja karyawan PT. Ace Hardware Denpasar. Sampel dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan metode teknik sampling jenuh dengan rumus Slovin yang berjumlah 97 responden. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis regresi berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (a) ada pengaruh yang signifikan dan positif komitmen organisasional terhadap kinerja karyawan; (b) ada pengaruh yang signifikan dan positif motivasi terhadap kinerja karyawan; dan (c) ada pengaruh yang signifikan dan positif organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) terhadap kinerja karyawan.
Kata kunci: komitmen organisasi; motivasi; organizational citizenship behavior; kinerja karyawan.
SERANGAN HAMA KUDIS PISANG Nacoleia octasema Meyr (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE) PADA BEBERAPA KULTIVAR PISANG
Authors: Supriyadi Supriyadi , Hapsari Yuanita Wahyu , Putri Retno Bandriyati Arni , Wijayanti Retno 
Published: September 2022

Banana (Musa sp.) is a fruit plant that commonly cultivated in the tropics. Indonesia has a variety of banana cultivars, each cultivar may a different susceptibility to pests and diseases. This study aims to identify the damage intensity of banana scab moth (Nacoleia octasema Meyrick) on some banana cultivars. The Survey was conducted on banana plantation, while the sample was selected using random sampling. Six banana cultivars were observed, namely Kepok, Raja Nangka, Raja Bulu, Raja Tawi and Mas Kirana. The research variables were the damage intensity of banana scab moth and the physical character of the fruit. The damage intensity recorded the bananas fruit showing the symptoms of scab moth. The result were analyzed by using t test and presented in table or/ and graph. The results showed that the damage of banana scab moth was recorded on all banana cultivars. So, there were not banana cultivars absolutely resistant to N. octasema. The cultivars of Kepok and Raja Nangka were preferred, while Mas Kirana was less preferred by N. octasema. The attack of N. octasema larvae began from the first hand position, whila the highest damage was recorded in the last hand position of banana bunch. The damage intensity of N. octasema on the lowerside of each hand position of banana bunch was significantly higher than the upperside, that even no damage
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN TEAMS GAMES TOURNAMENT (TGT) BERBANTUAN MEDIA KOKAMI TERHADAP PRESTASI BELAJAR PADA MATERI TERMOKIMIA
Authors: Rahayu Sri , Ritonga Pangoloan Soleman , Yenti Elvi 
Published: September 2022

It was a quasi-experimental research with pretest and posttest design. It was instigated by the low of student learning achievement on Thermochemistry lesson. This research aimed at knowing the effect of implementing Teams Games Tournament (TGT) learning model with Kokami media toward student learning achievement on Thermochemistry lesson. The subjects of this research were the eleventh-grade students of Natural Science of State Senior High School 1 Tambusai Utara. Simple random sampling technique was used in this research, and it was obtained two classes—the eleventh-grade students of Natural Science 2 as the experimental group and the students of Natural Science 1 as the control group. The data were collected by using observation, preliminary data test that was homogeneity, final data tests that were pretest and posttest, and documentation. Kp formula was used to know the effect of implementing TGT learning model with Kokami media toward student learning achievement. The effect difference was analyzed by using independent sample t-test. The analysis results of preliminary and final data showed that tobserved was 3.184 and ttable was 1.995 at 0.05 significant level. The score of tobserved was higher than ttable, so H0 was rejected and Ha was accepted. It meant that there was an effect of implementing TGT learning model with Kokami media toward student learning achievement on Thermochemistry lesson at the eleventh grade of Natural Science of State Senior High School 1 Tambusai Utara, and the effect was 16.3%.Keywords: Learning Achievement, Teams Games Tournament (TGT), Kokami Media, Thermochemistry
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN ANIMASI DENGAN MACROMEDIA FLASH 8 PADA MATERI JENIS-JENIS KOLOID
Authors: Sari Novia , Yenti Elvi 
Published: September 2022

The lack of various learning media used in the learning process constituted the background of this research. This research aimed at developing a product in the form of animation learning media, determining validity and practicality levels of animation learning media with Macromedia Flash 8 on Colloid Types lesson. It was Research and Development (R&D) with ADDIE (Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation) development model. This research was administered to the twelfth-grade students of MIPA 3 at State Senior High School 3 Pekanbaru. The validation result by media and material experts showed that its percentage was 98.57% with very valid category. The percentage of teacher practicality test was 98.09% with very practical category, and the percentage of student response practicality test was 84.40% with very practical category.Keywords : Learning Media, Animation, Macromedia Flash, Colloid.
PEMBELAJARAN AKSARA MELAYU DI SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Mahyuni Sri , Indriani Indriani 
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this development research is to produce Malay Arabic written teaching materials for students majoring in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Teacher Education with appropriate and effective content, presentation, language and graphics for learning. This study uses an ethography research model where ethnography research is a study of group culture through interviews and observations. Until now, Arabic teaching materials that have developed and are widely used in Indonesia in general are teaching materials used in madrasas and MIN/SD. If the teaching materials are the result of development, the amount is not so much. As long as the demands for innovation and development of Arabic teaching materials continue to roll, nowadays, in line with the dynamics of the development of science and technology. In addition, the demand for Arabic teaching materials that use Indonesian as the language is growing among the majority of introductory students, especially those with a general education background. Thus, one of the needs that teachers must have in carrying out their duties is to develop teaching materials. The development of a teacher's teaching materials is important so that learning is more effective, efficient and does not deviate from the competencies achieved. Keywords: Teaching Materials, Writing Arabic MalayAbstrakTujuan dari penelitian pengembangan ini adalah untuk menghasilkan bahan ajar tulis Arab Melayu bagi siswa jurusan Pendidikan Guru Madrasah Ibtidaiyah dengan isi, penyajian, bahasa dan grafik yang sesuai dan efektif untuk pembelajaran. Penelitian ini menggunakan model penelitian etografi dimana penelitian etnografi merupakan studi tentang budaya kelompok melalui wawancara dan observasi. Sampai saat ini bahan ajar bahasa Arab yang berkembang dan banyak digunakan di Indonesia pada umumnya adalah bahan ajar yang digunakan di madrasah dan MIN/SD. Jika bahan ajar merupakan hasil pengembangan, jumlahnya tidak begitu banyak. Selama tuntutan inovasi dan pengembangan bahan ajar bahasa Arab terus bergulir, dewasa ini sejalan dengan dinamika perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi. Selain itu, Kebutuhan akan bahan ajar bahasa Arab yang menggunakan bahasa Indonesia sebagai bahasa pengantar semakin meningkat di kalangan sebagian besar siswa pengantar, terutama mereka yang berlatar belakang pendidikan umum. Dengan demikian, salah satu kebutuhan yang harus dimiliki guru dalam menjalankan tugasnya adalah mengembangkan bahan ajar. Pengembangan bahan ajar seorang guru penting dilakukan agar pembelajaran lebih efektif, efisien dan tidak menyimpang dari kompetensi yang dicapai.