bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
H i content of massive red spiral galaxies observed by FAST
Authors: Wang Lan , Zheng Zheng , Hao Cai-Na , Guo Rui , Li Ran , Qian Lei , Xie Lizhi , Shi Yong , Zou Hu , Cao Yixian , Chen Yanmei , Xia Xiaoyang 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
A sample of 279 massive red spirals was selected optically by Guo et al., among which 166 galaxies have been observed by the ALFALFA survey. In this work, we observe H i content of the rest 113 massive red spiral galaxies using the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST). 75 of the 113 galaxies have H i detection with a signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) greater than 4.7. Compared with the red spirals in the same sample that have been observed by the ALFALFA survey, galaxies observed by FAST have on average a higher S/N, and reach to a lower H i mass. To investigate why many red spirals contain a significant amount of H i mass, we check colour profiles of the massive red spirals using images observed by the DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys. We find that galaxies with H i detection have bluer outer discs than the galaxies without H i detection, for both ALFALFA and FAST samples. For galaxies with H i detection, there exists a clear correlation between galaxy H i mass and g-r colour at outer radius: galaxies with higher H i masses have bluer outer discs. The results indicate that optically selected massive red spirals are not fully quenched, and the H i gas observed in many of the galaxies may exist in their outer blue discs.
Statistical properties of cataclysmic variables in the local galactic disc: a joint analysis of Gaia and XMM–Newton data
Authors: Xu Xiao-jie , Wang Q Daniel , Li Xiangdong 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
Cataclysmic variables (CVs) represent a key evolutionary phase of many low-mass stellar binaries and appear to collectively dominate the galactic X-ray background above ∼1 keV. Statistical properties of CVs, however, remain poorly understood, even in the solar neighbourhood. We aim to obtain an X-ray luminosity-complete sample of local CVs whose distances put them within three volumes. Here we present a pilot investigation on the X-ray and optical properties of local CVs or their candidates, mainly by cross-correlating the 3XMM DR8 and Gaia DR2 source catalogues. We first examine a nearly complete sample of CVs within 150 pc by characterizing their X-ray luminosity, X-ray to Gaia G-band flux ratio, and X-ray hardness ratio distributions, as well as their locations in the Gaia colour–magnitude diagram. We show that these distributions of this very local sample are consistent with those of a CV sample obtained at distances between 150 and 300 pc. We also present a catalogue of 15 new CV candidates within 500 pc based primarily on their X-ray to Gaia G-band flux ratios. The X-ray luminosities of these candidates are between 1029 to several 1031 erg s−1, and their stacked X-ray spectrum can be well described by a multitemperature optically thin thermal plasma model with a maximum temperature $T_{\rm max}=7.5^{+6.3}_{-2.4}$ keV. These properties are consistent with those of the very local CVs. In particular, one of the CV candidates is within 150 pc, indicating that a considerable number of local CVs are yet detected. These results provide a base for a more complete statistical understanding of CVs and their quantitative contribution to the galactic X-ray background.
The role of supernova convection for the lower mass gap in the isolated binary formation of gravitational wave sources
Authors: Olejak Aleksandra , Fryer Chris L , Belczynski Krzysztof , Baibhav Vishal 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
Understanding the astrophysical phenomena involving compact objects requires an insight about the engine behind the core-collapse supernovae (SNe) and the fate of the stellar collapse of massive stars. In particular, this insight is crucial in developing an understanding of the origin and formation channels of the growing populations of the detected black hole–black hole, black hole–neutron star, and neutron star–neutron star mergers. The time-scale of convection growth may have a large effect on the strength of SN explosion and therefore also on the mass distribution of stellar remnants. We adopt new formulas for the relation between the pre-SN star properties and their remnants and check how they impact the population of double compact object (DCO) mergers formed via the isolated binary evolution. The new formulas give one the ability to test a wide spectrum of assumptions on the convection growth time. In particular, the different variants allow for a smooth transition between having a deep mass gap and a remnant mass distribution filled by massive neutron stars and low-mass black holes. We present the distribution of masses, mass ratios, and the local merger rate densities of DCO for the different variants of new formulas and test them together with different approaches to other highly uncertain processes. We find that the mass distribution of DCO mergers is sensitive to the adopted assumption on the SN convection growth time-scale up to $m_1+m_2 \lesssim 35 \, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$. Between the two extreme tested variants the probability of compact object formation within the mass gap may differ by up to approximately two orders of magnitude.
Possible non-thermal origin of the hard X-ray emission in the merging galaxy cluster SPT-CL J2031−4037
Authors: Mirakhor M S , Walker S A , Runge J , Diwanji P 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
Non-thermal emission from clusters of galaxies at the high-energy X-ray regime has been searched with various instruments, but the detection significance of this emission has yet been found to be either marginal or controversial. Taking advantage of NuSTAR’s unique capability to focus X-rays in the hard energy band, we present a detailed analysis of 238 ks NuSTAR observations of the merging galaxy cluster SPT-CL J2031−4037, searching for non-thermal inverse Compton emission. Our spectral analysis of SPT-CL J2031−4037 shows a possibility that the hard X-ray emission of the cluster can be described by a non-thermal component, though we cannot completely rule out a purely thermal origin for this hard emission. Including the statistical and systematic uncertainties, our best model fit yields a 20–80 keV non-thermal flux of $3.93_{-1.10}^{+1.24} \times 10^{-12}$ erg s−1 cm−2. The estimated non-thermal flux is comparable to those found in other galaxy clusters using NuSTAR and other X-ray instruments. Using this non-thermal flux with the existing radio data of the cluster, we estimate a volume-averaged magnetic field strength in the range of around 0.1–0.2 µG.
The effect of local Universe constraints on halo abundance and clustering
Authors: Hutt Maxwell L , Desmond Harry , Devriendt Julien , Slyz Adrianne 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
Cosmological N-body simulations of the dark matter component of the universe typically use initial conditions with a fixed power spectrum and random phases of the density field, leading to structure consistent with the local distribution of galaxies only in a statistical sense. It is, however, possible to infer the initial phases which lead to the configuration of galaxies and clusters that we see around us. We analyse the CSiBORG suite of 101 simulations, formed by constraining the density field within 155 Mpc h−1 with dark matter particle mass 4.38 × 109 M⊙, to quantify the degree to which constraints imposed on 2.65 Mpc h−1 scales reduce variance in the halo mass function and halo–halo cross-correlation function on a range of scales. This is achieved by contrasting CSiBORG with a subset of the unconstrained Quijote simulations and expectations for the ΛCDM average. Using the FOF, PHEW, and HOP halofinders, we show that the CSiBORG suite beats cosmic variance at large mass scales (≳1014 M⊙ h−1), which are most strongly constrained by the initial conditions, and exhibits a significant halo–halo cross-correlation out to ∼30 Mpc h−1. Moreover, the effect of the constraints percolates down to lower mass objects and to scales below those on which they are imposed. Finally, we develop an algorithm to ‘twin’ haloes between realizations and show that approximately 50 per cent of haloes with mass greater than 1015 M⊙ h−1 can be identified in all realizations of the CSiBORG suite. We make the CSiBORG halo catalogues publicly available for future applications requiring knowledge of the local halo field.
An edge-on orbit for the eccentric long-period planet HR 5183 b
Authors: Venner Alexander , Pearce Logan A , Vanderburg Andrew 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
The long-period giant planet HR 5183 b has one of the most extreme orbits among exoplanets known to date, and represents a test for models of their dynamical evolution. In this work, we use Hipparcos–Gaia astrometry to measure the orbital inclination of this planet for the first time and find $i=89.9^{+13.3\circ }_{-13.5}$, fully consistent with edge-on. The long orbital period and high eccentricity of HR 5183 b are supported by our results, with $P=102^{+84}_{-34}$ yr and e = 0.87 ± 0.04. We confirm that HR 5183 forms a physically bound binary with HIP 67291 at a projected separation of 15 400 AU, and derive new constraints on the orbit of this pair. We combine these results to measure the mutual inclination between the planetary and binary orbits; we observe significant evidence for misalignment, which remains even after accounting for bias of the prior towards high mutual inclinations. However, our results are too imprecise to evaluate a recent prediction that the mutual inclination should reflect the formation history of HR 5183 b. Further observations, especially the release of the full Gaia astrometric data, will allow for improved constraints on the planet-binary mutual inclination. $52 \pm 16\ \hbox{per cent}$ of known planets with eccentricities e ≥ 0.8 are found in multiple star systems, a rate that we find to be greater than for the overall planet population to moderate significance (p = 0.0075). This supports the hypothesis that dynamical interactions with wide stellar companions plays an important role in the formation of highly eccentric exoplanets.
Triboelectric nanogenerators as wearable power sources and self-powered sensors
Authors: Pu Xiong , Zhang Chi , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTSmart wearable technologies are augmenting human bodies beyond our biological capabilities in communication, healthcare and recreation. Energy supply and information acquisition are essential for wearable electronics, whereas the increasing demands in multifunction are raising the requirements for energy and sensor devices. The triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), proven to be able to convert various mechanical energies into electricity, can fulfill either of these two functions and therefore has drawn extensive attention and research efforts worldwide. The everyday life of a human body produces considerable mechanical energies and, in the meantime, the human body communicates mainly through mechanical signals, such as sound, body gestures and muscle movements. Therefore, the TENG has been intensively studied to serve as either wearable sources or wearable self-powered sensors. Herein, the recent finding on the fundamental understanding of TENGs is revisited briefly, followed by a summary of recent advancements in TENG-based wearable power sources and self-powered sensors. The challenges and prospects of this area are given as well.
Time to Culture Conversion of Bedaquiline and High-Dose Isoniazid for Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis
Authors: Walsh Kathleen F , Vilbrun Stalz Charles , Souroutzidis Ariadne , Ellis Joshua , Delva Sobiesyke , Joissaint Guy , Dupnik Kathryn M , Joseph Patrice , Pape Jean W , Koenig Serena P 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis who received regimens containing high-dose isoniazid (INHHD) had similar time to culture conversion and treatment outcomes as patients who received regimens with bedaquiline. INHHD is an inexpensive and safe medication that may contribute additive efficacy in combination regimens.
Harm, Baselines, and the Worse than Nothing Account
Authors: Immerman Daniel 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Harm is one of the central concepts of ethics, so it would be good to offer an account of it. Many accounts appeal to a baseline: They say that you harm someone if you leave them worse off than in the baseline case. In this paper, I draw some lessons regarding what counts as an appropriate baseline and explore what these general lessons reveal about the nature of harm. In the process of so doing, I argue that a certain rarely discussed account of harm—the worse-than-nothing account of harm—does a particularly good job of identifying a baseline. This account says you harm someone if you leave them worse off than if you had done nothing to them.
Direct payments and on-farm employment: Evidence from a spatial regression discontinuity design
Authors: Zimmert Franziska , Zorn Alexander 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDirect payments are regarded as a suitable instrument to safeguard jobs in the agricultural sector. However, empirical findings to date do not unambiguously support this expectation. We further empirically investigate this research question on dairy farms with a focus on family work. Using a spatial regression discontinuity design, we rely upon selection on unobservables assumptions. The Swiss direct payments system creates a discontinuous jump near the border of agricultural production zones for the amount of public subsidies a farm receives. Using two-stage least squares (TSLS) to estimate the policy-relevant effect, we find that an additional CHF 50,000 can generate a job for a female family worker in the dairy sector. Male employment is not affected. These results show that direct payments can safeguard traditional family farming.
Scutellaria barbata D. Don inhibits cervical cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion via miR-195-5p/LOXL2 axis
Authors: Xue Shouyu , Geng Aimin , Lian Ting , Liu Yun 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Scutellaria barbata D. Don (SB) is a widely used herbal medicine in China, with various pharmacological effects such as anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, and anti-cancer. This work is aimed to investigate the tumor-suppressive effect of SB in cervical cancer (CC) and to identify its underlying mechanisms.

Methods and materials
CC cell lines (HeLa and HT-3) were treated with different concentrations of SB chloroform extract (ECSB) (0, 0.2, 0.5 mg/ml). MiR-195-5p and LOXL2 mRNA expression in CC cell lines and tissue samples was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Cell counting kit-8 experiment was utilized to examine cell viability; TUNEL assay and Transwell experiment was executed to examine cell apoptosis, migration, and invasion. Western blotting experiments were implemented to detect LOXL2 protein expression. Bioinformatics and dual-luciferase reporter gene experiment were executed to examine the binding relationship between miR-195-5p and LOXL2.

Results
ECSB repressed the viability, migration, and invasion of HeLa and HT-3 cells, and promoted cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. MiR-195-5p was remarkably under-expressed in CC tissues and cells, and ECSB up-regulated miR-195-5p expression. MiR-195-5p inhibitors partially counteracted the suppressive effects of ECSB on the malignant phenotypes of HeLa and HT-3 cells. LOXL2 was a downstream target of miR-195-5p, and ECSB up-modulated LOXL2 expression by specifically repressing miR-195-5p.

Conclusion
SB restrains CC cell proliferation and metastasis and promotes cell apoptosis via miR-195-5p/LOXL2, which may be a potential therapeutic agent for CC treatment.
Relationship between the mode of delivery, morbidity and mortality in preterm infants
Authors: Karayel Eroglu Hulya , Gulasi Selvi , Mert M Kurthan , Cekinmez Eren K 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
The aim of the study, to evaluate the relationship between mode of delivery and preterm morbidities and mortality, who born ≤34 weeks of gestation within 1 year.

Materials and methods
Babies were divided into two groups as who were born by cesarean section (CS) and vaginal delivery (VD) between March 2019 and March 2020. Infants born at ≤28 weeks were also analyzed.

Results
The rate of CS delivery was 76% (378) in the whole group and 73% (115) in the babies of ≤28 gestational weeks. The most common maternal factor causing CS was preeclampsia (25%). The antenatal corticosteroid (ACS) application rate was 30% (152) in the whole group and 30% (45) in infants of ≤28 weeks. Rate of babies with an Apgar score of &lt;5 at 5th min, asphyxia, multiple organ failure, development of severe respiratory distress syndrome, severe intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and mortality were significantly increased in infants born VD (for all p &lt; 0.05). Mortality was significantly higher when gestational age was ≤28 weeks, birth weight was ≤1500 g and ACS was not administered (p &lt; 0.001 for all).

Conclusion
Mortality, severe IVH, neonatal asphyxia and multiple organ failure were found to be higher in those who were born by VD. These findings suggest that these results were due to inadequate prenatal care and follow-up and lack of ACS.
Anterior total hip arthroplasty outcomes in the treatment of femoral neck fractures: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Crist Brett D. , Surma Tyler J. , Esposito Ennio Rizzo , Matera Julia R , Worley John R. , Rund Joseph M. , Cook James L. 
Published: August 2022

Background:
A prior study reported a 22% complication rate using the direct anterior (DA) approach for total hip arthroplasty (THA) in the displaced femoral neck fracture population. This seemed contrary to institutional experience; this study investigated outcomes and complication rates for DA THA used in the displaced femoral neck fracture population.

Methods:
This retrospective cohort study identified and analyzed patients undergoing DA THA for a femoral neck fracture over a 4-year period at a level 1 academic trauma center who were treated by an experienced senior surgeon.

Results:
Thirty-seven patients (21 women, 16 men) were included in the final analysis. The mean age was 70.9 (SD 11.30) years. All patients received cementless components. One (2.7%) intraoperative greater trochanteric fracture and one (2.7%) in-hospital mortality were recorded. Average follow-up was 10.46 mo (range 0 to 53 mo). There were no reported postoperative periprosthetic fractures, dislocations, or revision arthroplasties. No deep venous thromboses or pulmonary embolisms occurred within 90 days of surgery. There were two (5%) deep infections. The overall complication rate was 8.1%. Patient-reported outcomes were available for 32 patients. Visual Analog Scale pain was 2.59 at 6 wk average compared with 1.83 at 12 mo. Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score Quality of Life at 6 wk averaged 46.69 compared with 59.24 at 12 mo.

Conclusions:
The direct anterior approach for THA can be a safe option for experienced surgeons.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.
Evaluating Information About Osteochondritis Dissecans Shared Across Social Media Platforms
Authors: Gussner Anna , Baskar Danika , Rohde Matt , Ganley Ted , Shea Kevin 
Published: August 2022

Background:
With the rise of social media, patients are using a variety of online resources to gather information about medical conditions and connect with others for support. Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) occurs most commonly among children and adolescents, necessitating early diagnosis and management. The purpose of this study is to evaluate content on social media about OCD to quantify the reach of information shared and themes of discussion surrounding this condition.

Methods:
A search was performed across Facebook, Instagram, YouTube, and TikTok using the term “osteochondritis dissecans” to identify information shared related to this topic which was then analyzed based on engagement using number of followers, posts, and/or views.

Results:
Facebook groups provided a forum for online support and information sharing among patients with OCD and their families. The 4 identified groups had a cumulative following of over 4000 people with posts that shared personal recovery stories, solicited treatment advice, and provided updates on patient progress. Review of related Instagram hashtags revealed over 4500 posts, many of which shared personal accounts of living with OCD. The top 5 most viewed YouTube videos collectively had over 189,000 views and were focused on educational information about OCD, relevant surgical techniques, and pertinent anatomy. The top 3 OCD-related TikTok hashtags had over 4 million total views centered on factual knowledge and sharing changes before and after surgical treatment.

Conclusion:
Patients with OCD and their families seek information about their condition and treatment on online sources including social media. Although social media provides a supportive community to share and receive advice, the quality of information shared in these groups is a subject for concern. Increasing physician involvement and awareness of the information shared across social media platforms may improve accuracy of information and content available to patients.

Clinical Relevance:
It is important for physicians treating patients with OCD to be aware of all sources of information and support, including content shared on social media as these platforms allow for the sharing of personal stories, recommendations for treatment, and educational content.
Effectiveness of ultrasound for endometriosis diagnosis
Authors: Chen-Dixon Katie , Uzuner Cansu , Mak Jason , Condous George 
Published: August 2022

Purpose of review
Endometriosis is a chronic benign gynaecological condition characterized by pelvic pain, subfertility and delay in diagnosis. There is an emerging philosophical shift from gold standard histopathological diagnosis through laparoscopy to establishing diagnosis through noninvasive imaging.

Recent findings
The ENZIAN classification system was updated in 2021 to be suitable for both diagnostic imaging and laparoscopy. The accuracy of transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS) in diagnosing endometriosis varies depending on location of the lesion. A recent international pilot study found that when ultrasound is performed in accordance with the IDEA consensus, a higher detection of deep endometriosis is seen, with an overall sensitivity of 88% and specificity of 79% compared with direct surgical visualization.

Summary
Although ultrasound can detect adenomyosis, deep endometriosis and endometriomas, it is not possible to reliably detect superficial endometriosis. In the instance of a negative ultrasound with persistence of symptoms despite medical therapy, laparoscopy should be considered for diagnosis and treatment.
Pharmacologic therapeutic options for sexual dysfunction
Authors: Burton Claire S. , Mishra Kavita 
Published: August 2022

Purpose of review
Sexual problems are reported by up to 45% of individuals assigned female at birth. Although sexual function is a complex biopsychosocial construct, there are a number of pharmacologic treatment options aimed at addressing the changing vaginal hormonal milieu in postmenopausal individuals and moderating the excitatory and inhibitory aspects of the central nervous system in those with hypoactive sexual desire disorder.

Recent findings
The last decade has seen an increase in the number and type of pharmacologic treatment options for dysfunction primarily associated with menopause and hypoactive sexual desire disorder. Recent publications and systematic reviews have strengthened the safety data of existing FDA-approved medications as well as off-label therapies.

Summary
Pharmacologic treatment with local estrogen and testosterone replacement in postmenopausal individuals and with centrally-acting therapies such as flibanserin, bremelanotide, and testosterone in premenopausal individuals assigned female at birth are safe and can be used to improve sexual desire and sexual satisfaction.