bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceived barriers to facemask adherence in the covid-19 pandemic in Pakistan-A cross-sectional survey
Authors: Abid Khadijah , Ahmed Hassan , Bari Yashfika Abdul , Younus Maryam , Khambati Zainab Pervez , Imran Abira , Jabbar Abdul 
Published: May 2022

Objective
To explore perceived barriers associated with facemask adherence to prevent spread of COVID-19 spread in Pakistani population.

Methodology
A cross sectional study was conducted from 25-July 2020 to 5-August 2020. Participants of both genders of age >17 years, currently residing in Pakistan, who had access to internet and understood English were included in the survey. The survey was designed on Google form and was distributed digitally across different areas of Pakistan via social media. Survey included questions regarding socio-demographics, facemask adherence and perceived barriers related to facemask adherence such as perceived risks, health concerns, comfort, social influences, religious/cultural norms and social protocols and health recommendations. SPSS version 23 was used to analyze data. Independent t-test/One-way ANOVA was applied to assess significant difference between perceived barriers to wear face mask and socio-demographic factors, p-value ≤0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Post-hoc LSD test was also applied where applicable.

Results
Only 20% of the participants reported non-adherence to facemask. Amongst these participants, majority agreed that comfort was the main barrier precluding them from wearing a mask, 89.4% subjects saying that it was too hot to wear it and 84.1% saying that a mask was too uncomfortable to wear. Whereas, 82.1% highly agreed that difficulty in breathing is perceived barrier related to facemask usage. Statistically significant difference was found between health concerns with gender (p = 0.031), locality (p = 0.001) and religion (p = 0.03); comfort with locality (p = 0.007); social influences with gender (p = 0.001), ethnicity (p = 0.001) and locality (p = 0.017); cultural/religious norms with religion (p = 0.001) and social protocols and health recommendations with age (p = 0.015).

Conclusion
Despite of satisfactory facemask adherence, still there are perceived barriers to it. In order to increase utilization of face masks among the general population, strict health policies should be implemented and awareness regarding the importance of face masks should be enhanced by educational interventions.
Dose-dependent impact of statin therapy intensity on circulating progenitor cells in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention for the treatment of acute versus chronic coronary syndrome
Authors: Florescu Roberta , Liehn Elisa , Schaaps Nicole , Schröder Jörg , Almalla Mohammad , Mause Sebastian , Cornelissen Anne , Vogt Felix 
Published: May 2022

Background
By low-density lipoprotein (LDL) reduction, statins play an important role in cardiovascular risk modification. Incompletely understood pleiotropic statin effects include vasoprotection that might originate from mobilisation and differentiation of vascular progenitor cells. Data on the potentially differential impact of statin treatment intensity on circulating progenitor cells in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are scarce. This study examines the potential association of different permanent statin treatment regimens on circulating progenitor cells in patients with coronary syndrome.

Methods and results
In a monocentric prospective all-comers study, 105 consecutive cases scheduled for coronary angiography due to either (A) non-invasive proof of ischemia and chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) or (B) troponin-positive acute coronary syndrome (ACS) were included. According to the 2018 American College of Cardiology Guidelines on Blood Cholesterol, patients were clustered depending on their respective permanent statin treatment regimen in either a high- to moderate-intensity statin treatment (HIST) or a low-intensity statin treatment (LIST) group. Baseline characteristics including LDL levels were comparable. From blood drawn at the time of PCI, peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated, cultivated and counted and, by density gradient centrifugation, levels of circulating progenitor cells were determined using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis. In ACS patients both absolute and relative numbers of circulating early-outgrowth endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) concurrently were significantly lower in the HIST group as compared to the LIST group. This effect was more pronounced in ACS patients than in CCS patients. Both in ACS and CCS patients, HIST caused a significant reduction of the number of circulating SMPCs.

Conclusions
In patients undergoing PCI, a dose intensity-dependent and LDL level-independent pro-differentiating vasoprotective pleiotropic capacity of statins for EPC and SMPC is demonstrated.
Risky health behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence from the expenditures on alcohol, non-alcoholic beverages, and tobacco products
Authors: Acharya Binod , Dhakal Chandra 
Published: May 2022

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has increased mental stress among the population and, at the same time, has lowered consumer income. Alcohol, non-alcoholic beverages, and tobacco consumption are associated with multiple health conditions but the information on how the consumption pattern of these goods shifted during the pandemic remains limited.

Objective
To examine the consumer spending on alcohol, non-alcoholic beverages, and tobacco products during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the pre-pandemic period.

Design
An observational study utilizing the expenditures data on alcohol, non-alcoholic beverages, and tobacco between 2017 and 2020 obtained from the US Consumer Expenditure Diary Survey.

Participants
18,808 respondents aged ≥ 21 years who answered the Consumer Expenditure Diary Survey.
Main Outcome Measure(s): Bi-weekly expenditure on alcohol, non-alcoholic beverages, and tobacco products.

Analysis
Multivariable linear regression models.

Results
A total of 18,808 respondents (mean [SD] age = 52.5[16.9] years; 53.8% females) were included. Compared to the pre-pandemic levels, household expenditures on alcohol, non-alcoholic beverages, and tobacco products significantly decreased during the pandemic period by 28.6%, 7.9%, and 15.5%, respectively, after controlling for the state-, individual-, and household-level characteristics. Individual age, race/ethnicity, income, and education were significant predictors of spending. Heterogeneities in expenditures were evident across subgroups, with less educated and low-income households cutting their alcohol expenses while the wealthy and more educated consumers spent more during the pandemic.

Conclusions and implications
Household expenditures on alcohol, non-alcoholic beverages, and tobacco products significantly decreased. The results might be beneficial in understanding consumer spending habits concerning risky health behaviors during the period of economic disruption.
Apolipoprotein C3 is Downregulated in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Hernández-Camba Alejandro , Carrillo-Palau Marta , Ramos Laura , de Armas-Rillo Laura , Vela Milagros , Arranz Laura , González-Gay Miguel Á. , Ferraz-Amaro Iván 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction.
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been associated with an abnormal lipid profile. Apolipoprotein C-III (ApoC3) is a key molecule of triglycerides metabolism that is known to be related to inflammation and cardiovascular (CV) disease. In the present study, we aim to study if ApoC3 serum levels differ between patients with IBD and controls, and if the hypothetical disturbance of ApoC3 can be explained by IBD characteristics.

Methods.
Cross-sectional study that included 405 individuals, 197 patients with IBD and 208 age- and sex-matched controls. ApoC3 and standard lipid profiles were assessed in patients and controls. A multivariable analysis was performed to analyze whether ApoC3 serum levels were altered in IBD and to study their relationship to IBD characteristics.

Results.
After fully multivariable analysis including CV risk factors, use of statins, and changes in the lipid profile caused by the disease itself, patients with IBD showed significant lower serum levels of ApoC3 (beta coef. -1.6 [95% confidence interval -2.5- -0.7] mg/dl, P=0.001). Despite this, inflammatory markers, disease phenotypes or disease activity of IBD were not found to be responsible for this downregulation.

Discussion.
Apolipoprotein C3 is downregulated in patients with IBD.
CTLA4 haploinsufficiency caused by a novel heterozygous splice site mutation
Authors: Garkaby Jenny , Abrego Fuentes Laura Edith , Willett Pachul Jessica , Merico Daniele , Vong Linda 
Published: May 2022

Background: Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA4) haploinsufficiency is characterized by a variety of phenotypes, ranging from autoimmune disorders, enteropathy, fatal combined immunodeficiency, as well as lymphoproliferation and malignancy. Aim: To broaden the genotypic spectrum and clinical presentations of patients with CTLA4 variants. Methods: We evaluated a female patient with autoimmunity and lymphopenia. Immune workup and whole exome sequencing (WES) were performed. Results: The proband presented at 11 years of age with hypothyroidism and later developed Evans syndrome, alopecia, eczema, and lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia. Immune evaluation revealed T, B, and NK lymphopenia with normal humoral immunity. Following a negative genetic panel for autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS), WES analysis identified a novel heterozygous intronic variant predicted in-silico to cause skipping of exon 2 of the CTLA4 gene. Conclusion: A novel heterozygous mutation in CTLA4 caused variable presentations of immune dysregulation, one of the hallmarks of CTLA4 haploinsufficiency. Statement of Novelty: We herein report a novel mutation in CTLA4 resulting in various features of autoimmunity.
Crystal structure of diaqua-bis(μ2-2-carboxy-3,4,5,6-tetrafluorobenzoato-κ2
O:O′)-bis(phenanthroline-κ2
N,N′)-bis(μ2-3,4,5,6-tetrafluorophthalato-κ3
O:O,O′)dieuropium(III) – phenanthroline (1/2), C40H19EuF8N4O9
Authors: Zhang Xiao-Yu , Liu Xin-Fang , Zhao Bei-Bei , Huang Shi-Jie 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
C40H19EuF8N4O9, triclinic,

P

1
‾

$P\overline{1}$

(no. 2), a = 11.3326(4) Å, b = 12.7652(4) Å, c = 13.2629(4) Å, α = 102.266(2)°, β = 97.689(2)°, γ = 105.630(3)°, V = 1767.93(10) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0329, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0648, T = 293(2) K.
Crystal structure of catena-poly[tribenzyl-κ1
C-(μ2-6-oxidopyridin-1-ium-3-carboxylato-κ2
O:O’)tin(IV)-dichloromethane-methanol (1/1/1), C29H31Cl2NO4Sn
Authors: Gao Zhongjun , Zhang Haifeng 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
C29H31Cl2NO4Sn, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 10.638(4) Å, b = 17.168(7) Å, c = 18.399(5) Å, β = 120.573(16)°, V = 2893.1(18) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0314, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0875, T = 298 K.
Nitroimidazoles Part 10. Synthesis, crystal structure, molecular docking, and anticancer evaluation of 4-nitroimidazole derivatives combined with piperazine moiety
Authors: Al-Soud Yaseen A. , Saber Sadeekah O. W. , Shtaiwi Amneh , Alsawakhneh Sondos O. , Alhelal Kafa’ A. S. , Salman Qusay F. A. , Abu-Qatouseh Luay , Khanfar Monther A. , Al-Qawasmeh Raed A. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Piperazine-tagged imidazole derivatives 3a (symmetrical di-substituted piperazine) and 5–11 were synthesized through the combination of 4-nitroimidazole derivatives with piperazine moiety. The structural characterization was done by different physical and spectral techniques like NMR (1H and 13C) and mass spectrometry. The constituency of compound 3a was confirmed by X-ray structural analyses. All compounds were assessed for their antiproliferative inhibition potency against five human cancer cell lines namely MCF-7, PC3, MDA-231, A549 and Fibro dental. Compound 5 was found to be the most potent anticancer agents against MCF-7 cell line with IC50 values of (1.0 ± 0 µm) and against PC3 with IC50 value of (9.00 ± 0.028 µm). The molecular docking of compound 5 had been studied, and the results revealed that the newly designed 4-nitroimidazole combined with piperazine moiety derivatives bond to the hydrophobic pocket and polar contacts with high affinity.
Air distribution efficiency improving in the premises by rectangular air streams
Authors: Voznyak Orest , Savchenko Olena , Spodyniuk Nadiia , Sukholova Iryna , Kasynets Mariana , Dovbush Oleksandr 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This article discusses the topical issue of improving the distribution of air in the premise due to application of the all type rectangular air streams: flat, axisymmetric and rectangular ones. The purpose of the article is research of the all types rectangular air streams, analytical dependencies obtaining for determination of the air velocity attenuation coefficient, aerodynamic local resistance coefficient and noise level from the ratio of slit length to its height; optimization of the inflow slit side's ratio. It has been established that increase of the inflow slit sides ratio results in the air velocity attenuation coefficient decrease and results in increase of the noise level and resistance coefficient of the rectangular slit. The optimal ratio of the sides of a rectangular slit is determined by the combination of aerodynamics and energetics, as well as of the sound power level.
Relação entre Papéis Gerenciais e Dominâncias Cerebrais em Ministros Evangélicos
Authors: De Mesquita Goes Renato César , Rodrigues Rubens Carlos , Aquino Cabral Augusto César , Santos Sandra Maria 
Published: May 2022

Tendo em vista o crescimento e a representatividade das igrejas evangélicas na sociedade brasileira, bem como a adoção de modelos empresariais no processo de gestão destas entidades, as dominâncias cerebrais dos gestores se destacam, ao lado das competências gerenciais, como vantagens competitivas neste segmento, emergindo questões relevantes sobre a atuação de seus líderes e gestores. Sabendo que as competências gerencias são mais efetivas quando exercidas em momentos apropriados e associadas aos papéis gerenciais, este artigo objetiva analisar a relação entre os papéis gerenciais assumidos pelos ministros evangélicos e as suas dominâncias cerebrais. Para tanto, realizou-se um estudo descritivo com abordagem quantitativa, por meio da aplicação de um questionário de pesquisa a 359 ministros evangélicos da Igreja Presbiteriana do Brasil. Dentre os achados, os ministros demonstram-se mais inclinados ao papel de mentor - características voltadas, primeiramente, para a colaboração, e secundariamente controle e competição - e apresentaram dominância no polo cerebral emotivo/relacional - capacidades operacionais de dirigir ações, mediante cooperação comunitária, tendo aptidão para comunicação, envolvimento com pessoas, ensino e liderança carismática.
Long-term outcomes of combined coronary bypass surgery and carotid endarterectomy in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Belov Yu. V. , Ustinova A. S. , Yu G. Kh. , Kravchuk V. N. , Vinogradov R. A. , Korotkikh A. V. , Shmatov D. V. , Gavrilov V. Yu. , Krasheninnikova Y. A. , Morozov D. Yu. , Zakeryaev A. B. , Sukhoruchkin P. V. , Matusevich V. V. , Lider R. Yu. , Zakharova K. L. , Bagdavadze G. Sh. , Zharova A. S. , Lutsenko V. A. , Sultanov R. V. , Belikov A. V. , Ermakov V. S. , Kazantsev A. N. 
Published: May 2022

At present, there are no studies on the analysis of the incidence of complications in patients with concomitant lesions of the coronary and internal carotid arteries (ICA) after combined operation of carotid endarterectomy (CE) and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) against the background of type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, there is no doubt that this condition can be a predictor of cardiovascular and wound complications during in-hospital and long-term postoperative periods.Aim. To study in-hospital and long-term outcomes of combined CABG+CE in patients with and without type 2 diabetes.Material and methods. This multicenter retrospective study for the period from January 2015 to December 2019 included 653 patients with concomitant atherosclerotic lesions of ICA and coronary arteries, who underwent combined CE+CABG. Depending on presence of type 2 diabetes, 2 groups were formed: group 1 (n=183) — patients with type 2 diabetes; group 2 (n=471) — patients without type 2 diabetes. The duration of postoperative follow-up was 37,8±14,9 months.Results. During hospitalization, significant differences in the incidence of death (group 1 =1,1%; group 2 =1,0%; p=0,97), myocardial infarction (MI) (group 1 =1,1%; group 2 =0,8%; p=0,76), bleeding events (group 1 =1,1%; group 2 =0,8%; p=0,76) were not detected. However, stroke (group 1 =3,8%; group 2 =0,4%; p=0,0008), sternal wound infection and mediastinitis (group 1 =3,3%; group 2 =0,2%; p=0,0006) were significantly more often developed in patients with type 2 diabetes.In the long-term follow-up period, death (group 1 =6,6%; group 2 =1,1%; p<0,0001), MI (group 1 =4,9%; group 2 =0,8%; p=0,0008), stroke (group 1 =7,7%; group 2 =1,5%; p<0,0001), ICA restenosis (group 1 =8,8%; group 2 =1,6%; p<0,0001), repeated emergency myocardial revascularization (group 1 =7,2%; group 2 =1,5%; p=0,0002), repeated emergency cerebral revascularization (group 1 =8,8%; group 2 =1,6%; p<0,0001) were significantly more often recorded in patients with type 2 diabetes.Kaplan-Meier curve analysis and its comparison using the log rank test revealed that the death, MI, and stroke were also significantly more often observed in patients with type 2 diabetes (p=0,0007, p=0,003, p<0,0001, respectively).Conclusion. Patients with type 2 diabetes who are referred for combined CE+CABG are at an increased risk of stroke, sternal wound infection and mediastinitis in the in-hospital postoperative period, as well as all adverse cardiovascular events in the long-term follow-up period.
Fatores de riscos relacionados à obesidade em adolescentes frente à pandemia da COVID-19: scoping review
Authors: Cruz Neto João , Araújo Alécia Hercídia , Sidrim Antonio Coelho , Sampaio Raquel Linhares , Santos Rosely Leyliane dos 
Published: May 2022

Objetivo: mapear as evidências científicas que relacionam os riscos de desenvolver obesidade em adolescentes na pandemia da COVID-19. Método: scoping review segundo recomendações do Instituto Joanna Briggs. A pergunta norteadora foi: quais as evidências científicas que relacionam os riscos de desenvolver obesidade em adolescentes na pandemia da COVID-19? As buscas foram realizadas em cinco bases de dados e outras três fontes pertencentes à literatura cinzenta. Assim, 12 estudos compuseram a amostra final. Resultados: os fatores de risco relacionados ao desenvolvimento da obesidade entre adolescentes durante a pandemia da COVID-19 são inatividade física de vida diária, fragilidade na atenção psicológica, dificuldade na educação nutricional, ausência de cuidados corporal e complementares. Conclusão: os riscos relacionados à saúde de adolescentes na pandemia da COVID-19 são modificáveis e a enfermagem desempenha função essencial para promoção da saúde, prevenção de agravos e estímulo à adoção de hábitos saudáveis.
A GENTLE GRADUALIST IN A CATASTROPHISTS’ WORLD: REINHOLD SEEMANN’S TECTONIC THEORY OF RIES IMPACT CRATER (GERMANY)
Authors: KÖLBL-EBERT MARTINA 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
The German geologist Reinhold Seemann (1888–1975), curator at the Wurttemberg natural history collections in Stuttgart, focussed most of his scientific work on the younger Tertiary north of the Alps. After 1936 he became especially interested in the Nordlinger Ries, an enigmatic geological structure in Southern Germany, which at that time was considered by most geologists to have originated through a volcanic catastrophe, but in the 1960s was to be reinterpreted as an impact crater. Seemann, however, adhered to a gradualist theory of Ries Basin genesis throughout his life, regarding the abundant broken and fragmented debris at Ries Basin as tectonic breccias, crushed by a hypothetical subterranean ‘wedge’ of rock slowly moving north, pushed by pressure built-up during alpine orogenesis and surfacing at the Ries area. As his correspondence with his younger colleague Helmut Holder shows, Seemann’s tectonic alternative was motivated strongly by his philosophical attitude preferring even wildly speculative and complex processes—as long as they acted gently and gradually—over any violent, catastrophic explanations however well-founded. His philosophy may have been influenced by his personal experience with two world wars, leading to his preference and campaigning for a gentle view of geological processes.
DISTANCE EDUCATION AS AN ALTERNATIVE FORM OF LEARNING IN A PANDEMIC CONDITION
Authors: Kuchynska Iryna , Bobkovych Kateryna , Davydova Nataliia , Polishchuk Svitlana , Shumeiko Olha , Prysiazniuk Iryna 
Published: May 2022

The aim of the research is to analyze the relationship between the success and frequency of the distance learning server Moodle using in the study of medical students, as well as to assess the features and identify major problems in training during COVID-19 pandemic. The results of 200 medical students total success have been analyzed. Students’ education achievement was assessed as a factor in determining the training success in the context of relationship with the number of Moodle distance learning server visits. Two subgroups have been analyzed (100 people in each) depending on the departments: сlinical discipline (propaedeutics of іnternal medicine) and theoretical (biochemistry). Statistical analysis of students’ activity in Moodle system revealed high correlation between the frequency of the platform visits and students’ educational success at the Department of Propaedeutics of Internal Medicine. A similar pattern is observed in the analysis of the correlation between the use of Moodle and learning outcomes in theoretical disciplines by the example of Bioorganic and biological chemistry and clinical biochemistry department. Thus, in order to prevent the spread of acute respiratory disease COVID-19, an distance education elements should be implemented; the using of the Moodle platform helps to increase medical student’s educational success.
Clinical characteristics of patients with coronary atherosclerosis depending on blood fatty acids
Authors: Shramko V. S. , Morozov S. V. , Chernyak E. I. , Shcherbakova L. V. , Kurguzov A. V. , Chernyavskyi A. M. , Ragino Yu. I. 
Published: May 2022

Aim. To examine the differences in clinical parameters in patients with coronary atherosclerosis based on fatty acid profile.Methods.60 men with angiographically verified atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries underwent the analysis of fatty acids followed by coronary endarterectomy. Patients were divided into two groups after histological analysis of the intimamedia fragments. Men without unstable plaques in the coronary arteries were included in Group 1, whereas patients with unstable atherosclerotic plaques were included in Group 2. Blood serum levels of fatty acids were measured by highefficiency gas-liquid chromatography.Results.The predicted probability value and the predicted group membership in men with coronary atherosclerosis were calculated using the logistic regression. The following clinical patterns in men with unstable atherosclerotic plaques included increased prevalence of myocardial infarction with the event over 10 years ago, severe angina pectoris (III and IV functional class) and chronic heart failure, in comparison with CAD patients without unstable plaques.Conclusion. Fatty acid profile was associated with altered individual history of coronary atherosclerosis.