bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel methodology for detecting variations in RBCs surface antigens by cell-tearing using optical tweezers
Authors: Lin Chih-Lang , Wang Shyang-Guang , Tien Meng-Tsung , Chiang Chung-Han , Lee Yi-Chieh , Baldeck Patrice L. , Shin Chow-Shing 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: The quantitative analysis of cell surface antigens has attracted increasing attention due to the antigenic variation recognition that can facilitate diagnoses. The whole-cell-based analysis minimizes sample size, suggesting an alternative approach for detecting the variation in cell surface antigens. The optical tweezers (OT) are practical for precise single-cell manipulations, and has been widely used as a convenient tool in interdisciplinary fields. However, employing this technology as a biosensor using a "tearing" operation is still rare. Method:This paper presents a novel methodology based on the “tearing” operation of optical tweezers (OT) incorporated with the “dilution method” of antibodies to detect variations in red blood cell (RBC) surface antigens. The RBCs attach to the corresponding antibody-coated cover glass. Then, the binding firmness between an RBC and the functionalized surface is assayed by optically tearing using gradually reduced laser powers incorporated with serial antibody dilutions. Results:The experiment result shows that the higher dilution (lower antibody concentration), the lower power (lower optical force) needed to tear off the RBC binding from the functionalized surface, i.e., the antibody dilution fold is inversely proportional to the laser power. With the relative-quantitative analysis, the variation in RBC surface antigens can be intuitively estimated by comparing the maximum allowable dilution folds. The estimation gives that the antigens on the B3-type RBC are 35.7% of that on the B-type RBC, which is consistent with the literature findings using conventional biological methods. Conclusions:This study proposes a new application of the optical tweezers as a biosensor using the optically cell-tearing operation to estimate the variation in RBC surface antigens. With the proposed methodology, the detection of antigenic variation was successfully implemented without complicated optical force calculations and labored biological processing. One drop of blood from the fingertip is more than enough to obtain a satisfactory detection. It suggests an novel approach for antigenic variation analyses based on the whole-cell operation.
Measuring Australia’s Health Security Preparedness: Calculation and Application of the National Health Security Preparedness Index for Australia
Authors: Do Phu Cong , Alemu Yibeltal , Reid Simon 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
With on-going efforts to strengthen public health security, there is a need to identify areas for improvement. Existing tools designed to measure health security have limitations and the COVID-19 pandemic has revealed their limited predicative capabilities. The National Health Security Preparedness Index (NHSPI) developed in the United States (US) uses an expanded set of indicators beyond the health sector to quantify health security preparedness. The NHSPI has not been applied outside the US, so we aimed to calculate the NHSPI for Australia and compare it to the US to evaluate its predictive ability.
Methods
The NHSPI for Australia was calculated using the 140 indicators across 6 domains and 19 sub-domains described in the 2019 US release [1]. Data for each indicator was collected through grey literature searches for analogous Australian datasets. Sub-domain, domain, and national scores were computed using the formula described in the US methodology.
Results
The overall NHSPI score for Australia was 7.3 (99% Cl, 7.2–7.4), which is significantly higher than the score for the US during the same period 6.8 (99% Cl, 6.6–6.9). There was minimal variation between the overall scores for each Australian State and Territory, and for each of the domains.
Conclusion
The interpretation of the NHSPI should not be used as a predicator for population health outcomes. The greater NHSPI score for Australia than the US suggests greater homogeneity between likely demonstrates greater capacity to implement consistent of public health legislation and capacity. Further work to improve overall interpretability is needed and can be done so by refining the core NHSPI methodology to incorporate a global perspective to facilitate uptake in other national contexts.
Mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC): A new risk factor for high- altitude pulmonary edema in the Ecuadorian Andes
Authors: Sánchez Karen , Ramírez-Cando Lenin , Machado Wilfre , Villafuerte Anita , Ballaz Santiago 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Ascent to high altitude (> 3,000 m height above sea level or m.a.s.l) exposes people to hypobaric atmospheric pressure and blood hypoxemia, which provokes mountain sickness and whose symptoms vary from the mild acute mountain sickness to the life-threatening, high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE). This study analysed the risk factors underlying HAPE in dwellers and travellers of the Ecuadorian Andes after sojourning over 3,000 m height. A group of HAPE patients (N = 58) was compared to a NO HAPE group (N = 713), through demographic (ethnicity, sex, and age), red blood cell parameters (erythrocytes counts, hematocrit, median corpuscular volume, median corpuscular haemoglobin, and median corpuscular haemoglobin concentration or MCHC), altitude (threshold: 3,000 m.a.s.l.), and health status (vital signs) variables. Analysis of Deviance for Generalised Linear Model Fits (logit regression) revealed patterns of significant associations. High-altitude dwellers, particularly children and elder people, were HAPE-prone, while women were more tolerant of HAPE than men. Interestingly, HAPE prevalence was strongly related to an increment of MCH. The residence at low altitude was inversely related to the odds of suffering HAPE. Ethnicity did not have a significant influence in HAPE susceptibility. Blood adaptation of Andean highlanders to high altitude and its probable impact on HAPE was discussed.
The Subversion Dilemma: Why Voters Who Cherish Democracy Participate in Democratic Backsliding
Authors: Braley Alia , Lenz Gabriel , Adjodah Dhaval , Rahnama Hossein , Pentland Alex 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Around the world, citizens are voting away the democracies they claim to cherish. Why are they voting against their own values? In this article, we provide evidence that this behavior is driven in part by fear that their opponents might dismantle democracy first. In an observational study (N=1,973), we find that US partisans who most fear the other party’s willingness to subvert democracy are also those most willing to support subverting democracy themselves. In an experimental study (N=2,543), we use an intervention to reduce these often exaggerated fears. With these fears reduced, partisans become more committed to upholding democratic norms. They also become more willing to vote against candidates of their own party who break these norms. The findings suggest that we can foster democratic stability by strengthening trust in opposing partisans’ commitment to democracy.
Application-Based Usability Evaluation Metrics
Authors: Sayed Noura A. , Hassan Hesham , Wassif Khaled , Bayomi Hanaa 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Testing is one of the critical stages in the software development life cycle (SDLC). Usability testing is a very important field that helps the applications be usable and easy for the users. Because of the importance of usability testing, a metrics has been developed to help in measuring the usability through converting the main qualitative usability attributes in ISO to quantitative steps that provide the developer a framework to follow in developing to achieve usability of their applications and helps the tester with a checklist and a tool to measure the usability percentage of their application. The framework provides a set of steps to achieve the usability attributes and answers the question of how you could measure this attribute with the defined steps. The framework results in a 95% average accuracy in the high-rate application and a 59% average accuracy in the low-rate application. Finally, the framework is programmed in a tool to measure the usability percentage of the application through a checklist and provides a scheme to help the developer achieve the best results in usability.
QOGMP: QoS-oriented Global Multi-path Traffic Scheduling Algorithm in Software Defined Network
Authors: Guo Yiping , Hu Guyu , Shao Dongsheng 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
According to the research status of SDN(Software Defined Network) control layer traffic scheduling, we find the current common problems, including single path, easy congestion, QoS(Quality of Service) requirements and high delay. To solve these four problems, we design and implement a QoS-oriented global multi-path traffic scheduling algorithm for SDN, referred to as QOGMP. First, we propose a link weight calculation algorithm based on the idea of traction links and deep reinforcement learning, and conduct experimental verifications related to traction links. The algorithm considers QoS requirements and alleviates the problems of easy congestion and high delay. Then, we propose a traffic scheduling algorithm based on link weight and multi-path scheme, which also considers QoS requirements and solves the problem of single path. Finally, we combined the link weight calculation algorithm and the traffic scheduling algorithm to implement QOGMP, and carried out comparative experiments in the built simulation environment. The experimental results show that QOGMP is better than the two comparison algorithms in terms of delay and rescheduling rate.
Phenotypic and genotypic comparison between pathogenic Group B Streptococcus revealed the possibility of cross transmission between fish and human isolates in Malaysia
Authors: Muthanna AbdulRahman , Desa Mohd Nair Mohd , Alsalemi Wardah , Aziza Nur Aimi Liyana Abd , Dzaraly Nurul Diana , Baharin Nurul Hana Zainal , Aziz Nur Afiza , Ali Marlindawati Mohd , Nor Lailatul Akmar Mat , Ismail Zalina , Ahmad Nur Hanani , Shan Chua Hui , Azmai Mohammad Noor Amal , Amin-Nordin Syafinaz 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a leading cause of various infectious diseases among humans and fish. However, the likelihood of GBS interspecies transmission that lead to potential zoonotic problem is less investigated. This study determined the antimicrobial susceptibility, serotype, virulence and pili genes, and sequence type (ST) of GBS isolated from humans and cultured tilapia in Malaysia. We report an unusual detection of the fish-adapted ST283 in human GBS isolates. Both ST283 obtained from humans and fish had several phenotypical and genotypic characteristics in common, including virulence and pilus genes as well as antimicrobial susceptibility, illustrating the value of monitoring GBS within the One Health scope. The study sheds light on the evolution of the GBS and provides new evidence for the potential interspecies transmission by identifying two human GBS isolates belonging to the variant common in fish hosts.
Significance of Brinkman and Stokes System Conjuncture in Human Knee Joint
Authors: Al-Atawi Nawal Odah , HASNAIN SHAHID , Saqib Muhammad , Mashat Daoud Suleiman 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Stokes’s equation in the fluid domain and Brinkman’s equation in the porous media are combined in the current study which is designated by the Stokes-Brinkman coupling. The current paper gives a theoretical analysis of the Stokes-Brinkman coupling. It has been shown that such a model is a good match for the knee joint. A flow model has been investigated in order to get a better understanding of the convective diffusion of the viscous flow along the articular surfaces between the joints. The Beavers and Joseph slip conditions which are a specific boundary condition for the synovial fluid are used to solve the governing system of partial differential equations for the synovial fluid and the results are provided here. Through the development of an analytical solution and numerical simulation (using the finite volume approach) it is hoped that the mechanisms of nutritional transport into the synovial joint will be better understood. According to the data the average concentration has a negative connection with both the axial distance and the duration spent in the experiment. Many graphs have been utilized to gain understanding into the problem’s various characteristics including velocity and concentration, among others. Hyaluronate (HA) is considered to be present in porous cartilage surfaces and the viscosity of synovial fluid fluctuates in response to the amount of HA present.
Determination of Heavy metals content, Lead (Pb), Mercury (Hg), Cadmium (Cd), Nickel (Ni), and Copper (Cu) with risk assessment to human consumption as a food and medicine in herbal species through Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
Authors: Hyder Zeeshan , Rizwani Ghazala H. , Ahmed Iqbal , Shareef Huma , Azhar Iqbal , Aqeel Eraj 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Survival of living being in the universe depends upon the nature created ecosystem for foods, nutrition’s and medicines from the past several decades. Most consumable natural gifts are plant and herbs as foods and medicines for both human and animals. The affect of heavy metal contamination in plants and herbs cannot be underestimated as they are being used as major foodstuff. In the current study, we have quantitatively determined the five different heavy metals including lead, mercury, cadmium, nickel and copper in 13 selective herbal species which are commonly used for the formulation of herbal and food product. The conventional wet acid digestion method was used for sample dissolution and the heavy metals were determined by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. AS result of this study we have obtained the various concentrations level of heavy metals in the rage of 0.98­-2.39, 2.25-3.75, 0.42-1.17, 0.87-2.39, and 2.03-4.96 for Pb, Hg, Cd, Ni, and Cu respectively and compared the result with daily recommended limit of USP / B.P. while health risk assessment (EDI, THQ,TCR, and HI) of all selective herbal species have been computed for above toxic heavy metals and found within the limit but there is an attention need for regular monitoring of heavy metal in medicinal herbal species and foodstuff from regularity bodies.
Construction of land-use change matrix and estimation of greenhouse gas inventory focusing on settlements in South Korea
Authors: Choi Sol-E , Hong Segi , Song Cholho , Kim Jiwon , Kim Whijin , Ha Ram , Lee Woo-Kyun 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: Five ministries are involved in estimating the greenhouse gas (GHG) inventory in the South Korean land use, land-use change, and forestry (LULUCF) sectors. However, these ministries have not established a consistent land classification standard between land-use categories. Therefore, the GHG inventory is estimated at the approach 1 level. Moreover, the settlements category is not estimated because activity data and the spatial scope are lacking.Result: We examined 10 sets of spatiotemporal data in South Korea to construct a land-use change matrix. To maintain consistency in the spatial classification within the LULUCF sectors, we constructed a land-use change matrix using cadastral maps, which provide useful spatial data for consistent land-use classification of the land-use change matrix in South Korea. The land-use change matrix from a cadastral map was divided into remaining and land-converted settlements between 2000 and 2019 with estimated areas of 878,393.17 and 203,260.42 ha, respectively. CO2 emissions, according to Intergovernmental Panel Climate Change’s Guideline Tier 1, were calculated 18,942,905.68 tCO2 for 20 years, with an annual CO2 emission of 1,262,860.38 tCO2 yr-1. Conclusion: The reviewed available spatial data, method of land-use change matrix, and GHG inventory will facilitate the use of approach 3 for the land-use change matrix in South Korea’s LULUCF sectors and more accurate estimations of the GHG inventory.
Hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress impairs the calcification ability of human dental pulp cells
Authors: Shirawachi Satomi , Takeda Katsuhiro , Naruse Tomoya , Takahasi Yohei , Nakanishi Jun , Shindo Satoru , Shiba Hideki 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as an inducer of oxidative stress on the calcification ability of human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) and the involvement of inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate (IP3). hDPCs were exposed to H2O2. Cell viability and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were then evaluated. To investigate the effect of H2O2 on the calcification ability of hDPCs, real-time PCR for alkaline phosphatase (ALP) mRNA expression, ALP staining, and Alizarin red staining were performed. Data were compared with those of hDPCs pretreated with 2-aminoethyldiphenylborate (2-APB), which is an IP3 receptor inhibitor.　H2O2 at concentrations above 250 µM significantly reduced cell viability. More ROS production occurred in 100 µM H2O2-treated hDPCs than in control cells. H2O2-treated hDPCs showed significant reductions in ALP mRNA expression, ALP activity, and mineralized nodule deposition compared with negative control cells. 2-APB significantly inhibited these reductions.　To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study documenting the involvement of IP3 signaling in the calcification ability of human dental pulp cells impaired by H2O2. The results of the present study add molecular insight into internal root resorption and may provide a clue to the development of new therapeutic agents in endodontic therapy.
Efficacy comparison of vascularized iliac crest bone flap and Ilizarov bone transport in the treatment of traumatic bone defects of the tibia combined with large soft tissue defects
Authors: Cao Zhe-ming , Sui Xin-lei , Xiao Yu , Qing Li-ming , Wu Pan-feng , Tang Ju-yu 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: This retrospective study compared clinical efficacy of vascularized iliac crest bone flap (VIBF) and Ilizarov bone transport in traumatic bone defects of the tibia combined with large soft tissue defects.Methods: A total of 68 patients with traumatic tibia defects and large soft tissue defects were enrolled in the study. The soft tissue defects were repaired by latissimus dorsal musculocutaneous flap (LD), anterolateral thigh flap (ALTF) or both. 33 cases were treated with vascularized iliac crest bone flap transplantation and 35 cases were treated with Ilizarov bone transport. Intraoperative and postoperative follow-up data (including operation time, blood loss, bone union time, external fixation time, external fixation index, complication rate, reoperation rate, and functional evaluation) were recorded, and comparative analysis was performed.Results: The median follow-up time was 32 months. Compared with Ilizarov group, the VIBF group exhibited statistically faster bone union time (6.3 ± 1.0 vs 18.2 ± 3.0 months). Moreover, the VIBF group showed shorter EFT (7.3 ± 1.0 vs 19.2 ± 3.0 months) and a better EFI (34.8 ± 9.2 vs 84.2 ± 23.7 days/cm). The excellent and good rate of lower limb appearance evaluation in VIBP group was significantly better than that in Ilizarov group. The complication rate and reoperation rate were significantly higher in Ilizarov group.Conclusion: In summary, compared with Ilizarov bone transport, VIBP has the advantages of faster healing, shorter external fixation time, lower complication and reoperation rate, and better appearance within the limited defect length. Ilizarov bone transport is still preferred when the defect length exceeds the maximum repair length of the iliac flap.Level of Evidence: III, Case-control study
Exploratory analysis of earthquake moment tensor catalog using data visualization of unsupervised machine learning
Authors: Kubo Hisahiko , Kimura Takeshi , Shiomi Katsuhiko 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Moment tensor inversion, which estimates the moment tensors of earthquakes from seismic waveforms, has been routinely performed, and the resulting catalogs have been used in various analyses in seismology. In this study, using dimensionality reduction of unsupervised machine learning, we performed exploratory data analysis of the moment tensor catalog to objectively obtain images of seismic activity and to acquire knowledge on the spatial and temporal characteristics of the earthquake mechanism. Source parameters of the moment tensor catalog in Japan, spatial location (latitude, longitude, and depth) and source-mechanism diagram information, were embedded in two-dimensional space via a non-linear graph-based dimensionality-reduction method, Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection. On the embedding map, earthquakes in eastern and western Japan are distributed separately and are further embedded to reflect their characteristic fault mechanism and depth in each region. The similarity degree of the earthquakes can be obtained as the distance on the embedding map. This study demonstrates that data visualization is useful for intuitively and objectively understanding the regional characteristics of earthquake mechanisms. The embedding map can also be employed to visualize temporal changes in regional seismic activity, and to perform similarity search with past events.
Opacified lens exchange – complications
Authors: Märker David A. , Prahs Philipp M. , Cvetkov Yordan , Radeck Viola , Helbig Horst , Scherer Nicolas C.D. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
PurposeTo describe the long-term outcome after intraocular lens exchange with focus on visual recovery and any occurring serious complications.Methods: Patients with a Lentis LS-502-1 IOL implanted between February 2008 and March 2012 were identified. Medical records and information from the treating ophthalmologists were reviewed to determine the IOL status (clear or opacified). Visual outcomes and any occurring complications were analyzed.Results: Lentis LS-502-1 was implanted 1204 times in 1025 patients between February 2008 and March 2012.Lens exchange resulted in a significant improvement of BCDVA from 0.42±0.32logMar (mean±SD) in opacified lenses to 0.25±0.28logMar. An analysis of serious complications occurring was possible in 48 of the 55 explant cases.9 out of 48 patients (18.8%) underwent 11 further surgical procedures due to four indications: IOL dislocation (n = 2, 4.2%), retinal detachment (RD) (n = 6, 12.5%), epiretinal membrane (n = 2, 4.2%) and pupillary block (n= 1, 2.1%). 3 patients (6.3%) developed a temporarily elevated intraocular pressure. The rate of patients suffering from postoperative CME in our study was 4.2%.Conclusions: IOL exchange overall is a safe procedure restoring disturbed vision in most of the cases. Nonetheless it can lead to severe, sight threatening, complications even in eyes without predisposing ocular comorbidities.