bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What Hundreds of Millions of Patients With Dry Eye Will Find on YouTube: A Quality and Reliability Research of the YouTube Videos
Authors: Sakallioğlu Ahmet Kürşad , Garip Rüveyde 
Published: May 2022

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the demographic features, quality, and reliability of YouTube videos addressing dry eye disease (DED).

Methods:
The term “dry eye disease” has been searched on YouTube. The first 500 videos that emerged using the defined search term were evaluated. Duplicated-split videos, videos shorter than 60 seconds, videos with a language other than English or videos with an unintelligible English accent, and videos unrelated to DED were excluded. Video uploaders, types, origins, durations, and viewer interactions of the videos were noted. DISCERN, the Global Quality Score, and the Video Quality Score (created by the authors) were used to evaluate the video quality.

Results:
Of the 500 videos, 262 videos were excluded, and the remaining 238 videos were evaluated. Videos were of moderate quality on all 3 scoring systems. The medical institute and academic society videos had the highest quality (P < 0.05). The quality of videos uploaded by physicians was significantly lower than medical institute and academic society videos and was higher than the others (P < 0.05). User interactions and video duration were weakly positively correlated with the video quality (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
Among YouTube videos on DED, only a minority are of good or excellent quality. Videos uploaded by medical institutes or academic societies scored higher in quality than those uploaded by physicians, which, in turn, scored higher than those uploaded by all others. User interactions were weakly correlated with quality values, suggesting user interactions are not good indicators of the quality of YouTube videos on DED.
Physical Therapy Education Program Faculty Challenges, Concerns, and Priorities During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Looking Back and Moving Forward
Authors: Majsak Michael J. , Hall Cheryl A. , Kirsch Nancy R. , Krencicki Dennise B. , Locke Elizabeth , Hyland Nannette 
Published: May 2022

Introduction.
Faculty in U.S. physical therapy education programs made a rapid, reactive curricular modifications in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study was to analyze the challenges and concerns of faculty in New York (NY) and New Jersey (NJ) during the pandemic, and their priorities for being adaptable, well-resourced programs moving forward.

Review of Literature.
The COVID-19 pandemic was a major program disruption for many physical therapy education programs. Historically, health profession programs making curricular transitions in response to unplanned disruptions realize benefits, but also challenges, limitations, and resource needs.

Subjects.
One hundred thirty-seven faculty across the 47 physical therapy education programs in NY and NJ participated in this study.

Methods.
A team of NY and NJ physical therapy education program directors and directors of clinical education generated an internet-based survey for analyzing the challenges and concerns NY and NJ faculty experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic in online teaching, personal challenges, academic issues, and campus activities. A mixed-methods approach was used to analyze the data from closed-end and open-ended questions. Statistical analysis was carried out on faculty demographics and ratings of challenges and concerns, and inductive thematic analysis of faculty responses to the open-ended questions.

Results.
Major faculty challenges were lack of contact, increased workload, and learning online technology. Major concerns were decreased quantity of hands-on laboratories, difficulty assessing student hands-on skills, delays in clinical education experiences, and student and faculty safety during on-campus activities. Six themes were identified: online education challenges, student and faculty safety, faculty personal needs, quality of student outcomes, communication, and administrative/institutional support.

Discussion and Conclusion.
An appreciation of faculty challenges and concerns during the COVID-19 pandemic and priorities for moving forward are important for programs making curricular transformations hybrid education to be better prepared for program disruptions.
A Guide to the Postmortem Investigation of Starvation in Adults
Authors: Garland Jack , Irvine Rebecca 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Starvation is a rare cause of death in developed countries and is a complex multifaceted pathological process. To complicate the forensic investigation of starvation further, many medical conditions independent of starvation may cause wasting. This article provides one of the first comprehensive guides to the postmortem investigation of starvation in adults, with reference tables on organ-specific macroscopic and microscopic features, as well as features for excluding alternative causes of wasting. The eclectic literature on this complex topic is summarized in an accessible and easily referenced format, including mechanisms of death and ancillary postmortem investigations.
Prostatic Carcinoma With Aberrant Expression of p63: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Paulk Adina , McCool Isaac , Sesterhenn Isabell , Burke Allen 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Prostatic carcinoma with aberrant expression of p63 is a rare variant of prostate cancer, which represents a potential diagnostic pitfall, as it may be easily confused with either benign prostatic glands or high-grade prostatic carcinoma. In studies of radical prostatectomies, these tumors appear to behave like low-grade carcinomas despite frequent poorly formed architecture. We report a case of prostatic carcinoma with aberrant expression of p63 with a review of the literature and helpful features in the differential diagnosis of this entity.
The Morphologic Spectrum of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: Case Reports and Literature Review
Authors: Burke Allen , Legesse Teklu , Paulk Adina 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Conventional acinar prostatic carcinomas are dependent on the androgen receptor (AR) to proliferate. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is a common treatment for prostate cancers that have metastasized and is also being administered as first-line therapy with or without radiation therapy for intermediate- or high-risk disease. Cancers that recur after initially responding to ADT, or castration-resistant prostatic carcinomas (CRPCs), have a poor prognosis and are more likely to show divergent differentiation than de novo carcinomas. This review will present four cases of CRPC to highlight the morphologic spectrum, discuss effects of ADT on prostatic tumors, and discuss neuroendocrine prostatic tumors.
Malignant Cells in Urine Cytology: Not Always High-Grade Urothelial Carcinoma
Authors: Jager Lucy , Morency Elizabeth G. , Choy Bonnie 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The main purpose of urine cytology is the detection of high-grade urothelial carcinoma (HGUC). When malignant cells of nonurothelial origin are present, it is often misdiagnosed as HGUC due to the rarity of this event and difficulty in distinguishing subtle cytomorphologic differences. To arrive at the appropriate diagnosis, evaluation of urine cytology specimens requires correlation with clinical and radiologic findings and utilization of cytologic-histologic correlation. We present the case of a 64-year-old woman with gross hematuria. Imaging located an infiltrative mass involving the left renal pelvis, highly suggestive of urothelial carcinoma. Lymphadenopathy and multiple bony lesions in the spine were concerning for metastatic disease. Urine cytology specimens taken during cystoscopy contained malignant cells, which were interpreted as HGUC. The workup of a subsequent lymph node biopsy showed a metastatic high grade carcinoma of renal origin with SMARCB1 loss. This finding led to the reexamination of the urine cytology specimens, revealing the malignant cells were not HGUC but rather renal carcinoma. This case highlights a potential pitfall in the evaluation of urine cytology and the importance of cytologic-histologic correlation.
The Importance of Mentorship in Shaping the Careers of Academic Leaders in Plastic Surgery
Authors: Janes Lindsay E. , Kearney Aaron M. , Taub Peter J. , Gosain Arun K. 
Published: May 2022

Background:
The majority of successful academic physicians cite mentorship as a critical element of their achievements. The goal of this study was to survey established leaders in plastic surgery to identify the importance that mentorship played in their career development, and to identify common themes that enabled them to “pay it forward” in helping to develop the next generation of leaders in plastic surgery.

Methods:
The authors performed a qualitative survey of 14 established leaders in plastic surgery (mentors) in the United States with a strong reputation for mentorship. The authors asked each to identify a key mentor (senior mentor) and mentee, grouping them in triads of a senior mentor, mentor, and mentee. The authors then submitted a similar survey to the mentee.

Results:
Thirteen mentor-mentee pairs for which both members had responded were included. After reviewing responses to these questions, the authors elicited a number of recurring themes. All respondents emphasized the importance of mentorship to their success in academic plastic surgery. Additional themes included encouraging mentees to find their passion, leading by example, discussing complex cases with residents/students, and using research time as an opportunity.

Conclusions:
Strong patterns of mentorship are highlighted among the careers of leaders in academic plastic surgery. The authors advocate for formation of mentorship relationships within training programs and more national mentorship programs such as those emerging through the American Society of Plastic Surgeons and the Plastic Surgery Research Council for interested medical students, residents, and junior faculty.
The Barriers and Enhancers to Trust in a Just Culture in Hospital Settings: A Systematic Review
Authors: van Marum Sjoerd , Verhoeven Daan , de Rooy Diederik 
Published: May 2022

Objectives
Healthcare workers wanting to report errors often encounter a culture of fear or blame. A just culture can improve patient safety by promoting safe and open communication, trust is hereby essential. We defined trust in a just culture when healthcare professionals believe that error communication is honest, safe, and reliable. In this study, we investigated barriers and enhancers to trust in error reporting in a just culture.

Methods
This systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The PubMed, Embase, Emcare, and Web of Science database were searched on June 21, 2021.

Results
Several factors were found to influence trust in error reporting in a just culture, namely, organizational factors, team factors, and experience. Trust depends on the management style, open information about error handling, a focus on patient safety instead of blaming an individual, a well-executed walk-round, a code of professionalism, and a departmental incident reporting system (organizational factors). A close relationship between employee and primary supervisor, with discussion of the nature of an error and ascribing clear roles to physicians in care teams, can be enhancers of trust in error reporting. Moreover, creating a mutual understanding of the challenges faced by professionals can enhance trust (team factors). Trust in error reporting is also influenced by a health professional’s experience and training in patient safety. Factors such as a lack of confidence in clinical skills, more fear of shame/blame by less experienced workers, and knowledge of the existing error reporting system will influence a person’s trust in error reporting (experience).

Conclusions
This systematic review identified barriers and enhancers to trust in error reporting in a just culture. The barriers and enhancers can be divided into 3 main themes: organizational factors, team factors, and experience. Findings show that trust can be learned and created based on practical principles.
Pressure Injury Prediction Model Using Advanced Analytics for At-Risk Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Do Quan , Lipatov Kirill , Ramar Kannan , Rasmusson Jenna , Pickering Brian W. , Herasevich Vitaly 
Published: May 2022

Objective
Analyzing pressure injury (PI) risk factors is complex because of multiplicity of associated factors and the multidimensional nature of this injury. The main objective of this study was to identify patients at risk of developing PI.

Method
Prediction performances of multiple popular supervised learning were tested. Together with the typical steps of a machine learning project, steps to prevent bias were carefully conducted, in which analysis of correlation covariance, outlier removal, confounding analysis, and cross-validation were used.

Result
The most accurate model reached an area under receiver operating characteristic curve of 99.7%. Ten-fold cross-validation was used to ensure that the results were generalizable. Random forest and decision tree had the highest prediction accuracy rates of 98%. Similar accuracy rate was obtained on the validation cohort.

Conclusions
We developed a prediction model using advanced analytics to predict PI in at-risk hospitalized patients. This will help address appropriate interventions before the patients develop a PI.
Clinical and Cost-Saving Effects of the Drug Utilization Review Modernization Project in Inpatient and Outpatient Settings in Korea
Authors: Yoon Dongwon , Song Inmyung , Jeon Ha-Lim , Bea Sungho , Choi Ahhyung , Lee Hyesung , Shin Ju-Young 
Published: May 2022

Objectives
Korea’s national health insurance authority introduced a drug utilization review modernization pilot project in which health professionals provided follow-up services to monitor adverse drug events. We aimed to evaluate the effects of the project on clinical and economic outcomes.

Methods
We conducted difference-in-differences analysis using National Health Insurance claims data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service. We calculated the number of adverse drug events and allergic reactions as a clinical indicator and medical costs incurred to manage these events as an economic indicator. Absolute difference in each outcome measure was defined as the value after the project minus the value before the project. Difference-in-differences was defined as a difference in absolute differences between the intervention group and the control group.

Results
Overall, difference-in-differences were −43 and −826 for the number of drug-related adverse events and allergic reactions and −$198,700 and $53,318 for medical costs in the inpatient and outpatient settings, respectively. For outpatients, the monthly number of adverse drug events and allergic reactions has grown higher for the control group than for the intervention group after implementation of the pilot project.

Conclusions
Implementation of the pilot project lowered the number of adverse drug events and allergic reactions in the inpatient and outpatient setting. The project also lowered medical costs incurred to manage these events in the inpatient setting only. Based on our findings, we recommend that the pilot project be expanded on a nationwide level at least in the inpatient setting.
How do primary care providers perceive their role at ensuring opioid safety? A qualitative exploration from those on the front lines
Authors: Gillette Chris , Garvick Sarah , Ip Edward Hak-Sing , Hurley Robert , Kirk Julienne , Crandall Sonia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionPrescribing naloxone is recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to reduce the risk of death from an opioid overdose. Naloxone is rarely prescribed, even when indicated; improving our understanding of how primary care providers (PCP) perceive their role in naloxone prescribing is essential to increase opioid medication safety. The objectives of this study were to: (1) describe how PCPs perceive their role in prescribing naloxone for patients who are at high risk of an overdose and (2) describe PCP-reported barriers and facilitators of naloxone prescribing.MethodsCurrently practicing providers completed semi-structured interviews, based on Theory of Planned Behavior, to understand their attitudes toward naloxone, their perceived role in naloxone prescribing, and facilitators/barriers to prescribing naloxone.ResultsEleven interviews were conducted with physicians (n=2), physician assistants (n=8), and a nurse practitioner (n=1). Providers held generally positive attitudes toward naloxone as a ‘rescue’ medication. Negative attitudes toward naloxone include the perception of facilitating risky opioid use. Providers suggested that whomever prescribes the opioid pain medication should be primarily responsible for prescribing naloxone. Providers noted that stigma may prevent them from discussing naloxone during clinic visits. Increasing visit time and receiving support/education from organizational and professional society leadership were identified as important facilitators of naloxone prescribing.ConclusionsWhile providers were aware of what naloxone was used for, there was reticence in discussing this medication with patients. Providers reported that whomever prescribes a pain medication should be primarily responsible for ensuring medication safety. If primary care organizations would like to improve opioid medication safety, ensuring that providers feel supported and receive needed education are essential.
Psychometric properties of the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI) in Italian physicians
Authors: Nicolò Aiello Edoardo , Fiabane Elena , Margheritti Simona , Magnone Stefano , Bolognini Nadia , Miglioretti Massimo , Giorgi Ines 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundAssessing burnout in physicians is relevant as it can adversely affect both their mental and physical health by also decreasing the quality of care, especially since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed at standardizing the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI), a psychometrically sound, worldwide-spread tool, in Italian physicians.MethodsNine-hundred and fifteen Italian physicians were web-administered the CBI, Patient Health Questionnaire-8 (PHQ-8), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE). The present CBI is a self-report questionnaire including 18 Likert items (range=19-90) assessing Personal, Work-related and Client-related Burnout. Client-related adaptation was performed. Construct validity, factorial structure (Confirmatory Factor Analysis) and internal consistency were tested. Diagnostic accuracy was assessed simultaneously against the PHQ-8, GAD-7 and GSE.ResultsAll CBI measures yielded optimal internal consistency (Cronbach’s α=.90-.96). The CBI met its original three-factor model (CFI=.94; TLI=.93; RMSEA=.09; SRMR=.04), was positively related with the PHQ-8 (r=.76) and GAD-7 (r.=73), whereas negatively with the GSE (r=-.39), and yielded optimal diagnostics (AUC=.93; sensitivity=.91 and specificity=.85 at the optimal cut-off of 69/90).DiscussionThe CBI is a valid, reliable and normed tool to assess burnout levels in physicians, whose use is encouraged in both clinical practice and research as being short-lived, easy to use and openly accessible.
Growth phase estimation for abundant bacterial populations sampled longitudinally from human stool metagenomes
Authors: Lim Joe J. , Diener Christian , Wilson James , Valenzuela Jacob J. , Baliga Nitin S. , Gibbons Sean M. 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTLongitudinal sampling of the stool has yielded important insights into the ecological dynamics of the human gut microbiome. However, due to practical limitations, the most densely sampled time series from the human gut are collected at a frequency of about once per day, while the population doubling times for gut commensals are on the order of minutes-to-hours. Despite this, much of the prior work on human gut microbiome time series modeling has, implicitly or explicitly, assumed that day-to-day fluctuations in taxon abundances are related to population growth or death rates, which is likely not the case. Here, we propose an alternative model of the human gut as a flow-through ecosystem at a dynamical steady state, where population dynamics occur internally and the bacterial population sizes measured in a bolus of stool represent an endpoint of these internal dynamics. We formalize this idea as stochastic logistic growth of a population in a system held at a semi-constant flow rate. We show how this model provides a path toward estimating the growth phases of gut bacterial populationsin situ. We validate our model predictions using anin vitro Escherichia coligrowth experiment. Finally, we show how this method can be applied to densely-sampled human stool metagenomic time series data. Consistent with our model, stool donors with slower defecation rates tended to harbor a larger proportion of taxa in later growth phases, while faster defecation rates were associated with more taxa in earlier growth phases. We discuss how these growth phase estimates may be used to better inform metabolic modeling in flow-through ecosystems, like animal guts or industrial bioreactors.
Turnover and replication analysis by isotope labeling (TRAIL) reveals the influence of tissue context on protein and organelle lifetimes
Authors: Hasper John , Welle Kevin , Hryhorenko Jennifer , Ghaemmaghami Sina , Buchwalter Abigail 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe lifespans of proteins can range from minutes to years within mammalian tissues. Protein lifespan is relevant to organismal aging, as long-lived proteins can accrue damage over time. It is unclear how protein lifetime is shaped by tissue context, where both cell division and proteolytic degradation contribute to protein turnover. Here, we develop turnover and replicationanalysis by15N isotope labeling (TRAIL) to quantify both protein and cell lifetimes with high precision and no toxicity over a 32-day labeling period across 4 mammalian tissues. We report that cell division promotes non-selective protein turnover in proliferative tissues, while physicochemical features such as hydrophobicity, charge, and intrinsic disorder exert a significant influence on protein turnover only in non-proliferative tissues. Protein lifetimes vary non-randomly across tissues after correcting for differences in cell division rate. Multiprotein complexes such as the ribosome have highly consistent lifetimes across tissues, while mitochondria, peroxisomes, and lipid droplets have variable lifetimes. These data indicate that cell turnover, sequence-encoded features, and other environmental factors modulate protein lifespanin vivo. In the future, TRAIL can be used to explore how environment, aging, and disease affect tissue homeostasis.