bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phenotypic Colour Variants in Batches of Fingerlings of Clarias gariepinus from Some Commercial Fish Hatcheries
Authors: Ataguba Gabriel Arome , Garba Aminu Abubakar , Abah Christiana Onyeche 
Published: August 2022

Aims: This research seeks to determine the ratio of dark skin and pale skin coloured fingerlings in batches of fingerlings produced in commercial African catfish hatcheries in Makurdi, Nigeria.
Study Design: The study was designed based on a structured questionnaire that was administered to farmers that were selected using random sampling from a list of African catfish farmers.
Place and Duration of Study: The research was carried out in Makurdi town, Makurdi Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria. Data collection was done between October 2021 and January 2022.
Methodology: The current study used a blend of questionnaire and physical counting to determine the proportion of dark and pale offspring from five selected fish hatcheries in Makurdi, Local Government Area of Benue State. A sample of 140 to 300 offspring was made upon each visit to the farm (i.e. batch of production) with each farm being visited at least twice depending on the production timetable.
Results: Results show that the farms normally incubated a similar weight of egg (p>0.05) with the range between 258g to 550g in each batch of production. The number of fry produced was scaled to 90% and it ranged from 165075 to 351450. Percentage of dark hued offspring ranged from 80% to 86% while that of pale offspring was between 14% and 20%. There was no correlation between turbidity and the colour classification. There was no significant difference between the farms in terms of incidence of dark or pale hued fingerlings suggesting that the colour proportion is constant within batches of fingerlings.
Conclusion: Dark skin colour is dominant over pale skin colour in the African catfish Clarias gariepinus and water quality does not predict skin colour in this species under culture.
Role of Community Pharmacist in Public Health Services, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Z. Al Dali Hammad , Bawazir Amen 
Published: August 2022

Background and Aims: Currently, the scope of practice has allowed pharmacists to engage in the clinical aspects of direct patient care and public health services to the patient. This study's main objective is to investigate community pharmacists' involvement in public health services and the barriers in the health system that hinder the integration of community pharmacy professionals into the public health task in the local context of Saudi Arabia.
Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in community pharmacies in a different region of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (June and July 2019). A sample was calculated to include 431 pharmacists working in different community pharmacies proportionally randomly selected from the five areas in Riyadh city. A multistage, stratified, random sample method was used. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software. A P value < 0.05 considered as statistically significant.
Results: The 431 participants showed the dominance of male pharmacists (97.2%), non-Saudi (84.9%), and Bachelor’s pharmacy degrees (81.2%). Most of the participants were involved in smoking cessation (83.1%) as public health services, weight management (62.4%), but less involvement in activities related to physical activities or dietary intake (33.0%, 31.8%, respectively). More likely the involvement of the Saudi pharmacist in lifestyle activities in comparison to non-Saudi (AOR:1.932; 95% CI: 1.125 - 3.320). Moreover, the perceived barrier in the involvement level was more associated with years of experience.
Conclusion: This study showed that community pharmacists should play an important role in health promotion and prevention; they recognize a wide gap between ideal and actual levels of participation. The researcher presents the main barriers to the role of the pharmacist to improve the level of the individual and society because many obstacles limit the role of the pharmacist in public health.
Characterization of Physiological and Biochemical Response during Drought Stress in Finger Millet Collected from Hills of Uttarakhand
Authors: Chauhan Ankita , Lohani Pushpa 
Published: August 2022

Aims: The goal of the current study was to examine the genetic variety of finger millet genotypes based on physiological and biochemical parameters related to drought.
Study Design: Using various biochemical and physiological parameters, 20 finger millet germplasm lines were tested in the investigation for resistance to drought.
Place and Duration of Study: The current study was carried out from May to August 2019 at the G B Pant University of Agriculture and Technology's College of Basic Science and Humanity.
Methodology: The purpose of the study was to document several biochemical and physiological characteristics associated with drought resistance and susceptibility. Additionally, based on these criteria, selecting drought-tolerant and susceptible plants
Results: Different genotypes of finger millet exhibit varying degrees of tolerance to drought stress, which is mostly attributed to differences in the concentration and modifications of pigments as well as the accumulation of proline. Among the others, the genotypes PCPGR8120, PCPGR8128, PCPGR8124, and PCPGR8130 are the most drought-tolerant while the genotypes PCPGR 8068 and PCPGR 8138 were regarded as drought sensitive..
Conclusion: Four genotypes of finger millet were discovered to be distantly segregated from the other genotypes based on physiological and biochemical data. These genotypes had demonstrated their ability to withstand drought, however the remaining genotypes had been discovered to be susceptible to it.
Assessment of Post-harvest Losses of Major Vegetables in Rangareddy District of Telangana
Authors: Krishna M. B. Abhina , Charyulu D. Kumara , Suhasini K. , Chary D. Srinivasa 
Published: August 2022

Objective: Keeping in view the non-availability of systematic studies on post-harvest loss in Telangana, the current study was undertaken to assess the extent of post-harvest losses in major vegetables viz., tomato and brinjal and to identify the factors affecting post-harvest losses at farm level.
Methods: Tabular analysis was used to calculate the post-harvest losses, the data was summarized using statistical tools such as average and percentage and multiple linear regression analysis was carried out to examine the factors affecting post-harvest losses at farm level. The present study was conducted in Rangareddy district which is the leading vegetable growing district in Telangana with a sample of 30 farmers,6 wholesalers and 6 retailers for each crop.
Findings: The overall post-harvest loss in tomato and brinjal was 28.51 and 23.27 kg per quintal respectively and maximum losses was occurring at farm level for both crops. Functional analysis revealed that the factors such as age, education, extent of crop production and labour dummy (where family contribution is >50% in total labour demand ‘1’, else ‘0’) was significant in both crops studied. Timely plant protection measures in case of brinjal also significantly reduced the post-harvest losses. On an average, the per quintal monetary loss was relatively more for brinjal (Rs.239.6/q) than tomato (Rs.236.6/q). The total monetary loss at state level was Rs.251.6 crores for the study crops.
Conclusion: It is evident from the results that losses are occurring in the value chain due to poor infrastructure and lack of post-harvest management techniques. Proper training on pest management and policies ensuring labour availability during peak harvesting period can aid in reducing the losses.
Influence of Different Concentrations of Jeevamrutha on Growth, Yield and Quality Parameters of Chilli (Capsicum annum L.)
Authors: Vedagiri Swetha , Deepanshu . , Prasad V. M. , Bahadur Vijay 
Published: August 2022

An experiment on the “Influence of Different Concentrations of Jeevamrutha on Growth, Yield and Quality Parameters of Chilli (Capsicum annum L.)” was conducted in Kharif season adapting Factorial randomized block design (FRBD) consisting of 10 treatments and replicated thrice during July to November 2021, in Horticulture research Farm, Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj (U.P) India. Results regarding the present investigation shows that cultivation of chilli with different concentrations of Jeevamrutha found as the best option for higher productivity whereas the treatment with concentration of 10% Spray of Jeevamrutha in variety TMPH-443 that is T5 (TMPH-443 + 10% Spray of Jeevamrutha) showed the best results in terms of Plant height at 30 DAT (39.59 cm) and at last harvest (59.65 cm), Days to 50% Flowering (35.92 days), Days to First Harvest (56.03 days), Fruit Length (7.21cm), Fruit Weight (5.80 g), Fruit Girth (3.27 cm), Number of Fruits Plant-1 (78.67 fruits), Average Fruit Yield Plant-1 (0.46 kg), Fruit Yield ha-1 (5.07t), TSS (8.10°B), were observed is dark green/green in colour (133). At level T10 with same concentration in different variety (TMPH-449) showed the nearest results. Hence the T5 (TMPH-443 + 10% Spray of Jeevamrutha) is best suited for the farmers in terms of growth, yield, quality and net returns.
Effect of Sowing and Harvesting Times on Growth Characters and Grain Yield of Rabi Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Balachander U. , Bhatt P. Spandana , Reddy P. Raghu Rami , Madhavi A. 
Published: August 2022

Aim: To determine the optimum sowing and harvesting times to realize better performance of growth characters and higher grain yield in rice during rabi.
Study Design: Strip plot.
Place and Duration of Study: Rice Research Centre, Agricultural Research Institute, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad between November 2021 to May 2022.
Methodology: The experiment was assigned in eighteen treatments,laid out in strip plot with three replications.Treatments included were 3 treatments of varieties (i) M1=Telangana sona (short slender) (ii) M2= Jagtial rice 1( Medium sender) (iii) M3= Chintu (short slender) and 6 sowing and harvesting times (i) S1 = Normal sowing time (November 15) and harvesting at physiological maturity (ii) S2= Normal sowing time (November 15) and harvesting at 7 days after physiological maturity(iii) S3 = Delay sowing by 15 days (November 30) and harvesting at physiological maturity (iv) S4 = Delay sowing by 15 days (November 30) and harvesting at 7 days after physiological maturity(v) S5 = Delay sowing by 30 days (December 15) and harvesting at physiological maturity(vi) S6= Delay sowing by 30 days (December 15) and harvesting at 7 days after physiological maturity randomly placed in subplots of the main plot.
Results: Significantly higher plant height (93.8 cm), dry matter accumulation (14263 kg ha-1), grain yield (6127 kg ha-1) was observed in Telangana sona (M1), while significantly higher number of tillers m-2 (566) were found in Chintu (M3). Similarly, maximum plant height (94.4 cm), number of tillers m-2(462), dry matter accumulation (14501 kg ha-1), grain yield (6235 kg ha-1) was noticed at Delay sowing by 30 days (December 15) and harvesting at physiological maturity (S5). The lowest plant height, dry matter accumulation, grain yield was recorded in Chintu (M3), while lowest number of tillers were recorded in Jagtial rice 1 (M2) and above parameters were recorded lowest at Normal sowing time (November 15) and harvesting at 7 days after physiological maturity (S2).
Conclusion: Among varieties, Telangana sona (M1) performed better in terms of growth characters and grain yield. Delay sowing by 30 days (December 15) and harvesting at physiological maturity (S5) revealed better performance in terms of growth characters and grain yield under the present study during rabi conditions.
Effect of Different Organic Manures on Growth, Yield and Quality of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) c.v. (Harsh) under Prayagraj Agro Climate Condition
Authors: Ahmad Shahbaj , Prasad V. M. 
Published: August 2022

A field experiment on cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) c.v. (Harsh) under Prayagraj agro climate condition” was conducted Prayagraj agro climate condition”was conducted in a Randomized Block Design with three replications during the Summer season, 2021 at Horticultural Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj with a view to determine the effect of organic manures application on cucumber variety Harsh for its growth, quality and yield and to work out the economics of various treatments. Under this experiment, overall 10 treatment combinations were taken viz. T0 (Control), T1 (Farm Yard Manure 75% + Poultry manure 25%), T2(Farm Yard Manure 75% + Vermicompost 25%), T3(Farm Yard Manure 25% + Poultry manure 75%), T4(Poultry manure 75% + Vermicompost 25%), T5(Vermicompost 75% + Farm Yard Manure 25%), T6(Vermicompost 75% + Poultry manure 25%), T7(Farm Yard Manure 50% + Poultry manure 50%), T8(Vermicompost 50% + Poultry manure 50%) and T9 (Farm Yard Manure 50% + Vermicompost 50%).From the present investigation it was concluded that T8 (Poultry manure 50% + Vermicompost 50%) was found to be best among all treatment in terms of growth, yield and quality of cucumber i.e. T.S.S. The highest net return was found from T8 (Polutry manure 50% + vermicompost 50%) with ₹ 1,56,775 and the B:C ratio that is 1.92.
Computational Analysis Reveals that Dual Point Mutation in Rice SBEIIb Leads to Decrease in Starch Binding Affinity
Authors: Arora Namisha , Ashraf Suhail , Saranya N. , K. Kumar K. , Arul L. , Sudhakar D. , Varanavasiappan S. , Kokiladevi E. 
Published: August 2022

Aim: To check the effect of mutation on the binding affinity of Starch branching enzyme II with maltopentaose substrate.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Bioinformatics, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, between May 2022 and July 2022.
Methodology: The wild type rice SBEIIb and mutated rice SBEIIb protein were modelled using SWISS MODEL and subjected to PROCHECK for validation of the modelled protein. These protein structures were docked with ligand maltopentaose using Auto dock vina of PyRx software. The docked structures were visualized in BIOVIA Discovery studio.
Results: There was a decrease in binding affinity after mutating the protein at 2 of the maltopentaose binding sites (Y178A & F234A). The binding energy of wild type rice SBEIIb protein was -7.5kcal mol-1 whereas after mutation it decreased to -5.8 kcal mol-1. The number of hydrogen bonds also decreased from 8 to 4 respectively.
Conclusion: Double mutation of binding site residues resulted in binding affinity as well as interactions. In silico analysis prior to wet lab experiments lead to rational choice of mutations that may lead to the production of rice grains with reduced amylopectin content.
Epidemiological Studies of Polyparasitism and Gender Associated Factors in Women in Igede Land
Authors: Uweh P. O. , Omudu E. A. 
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Polyparasitism remains one of the most pressing public health problems with one third of the world population generally estimated to be infected. Also, Women are particularly of concern due to their gender roles which is sensitive since iil health and/or the illness of family members generally represent greater burdens for poor women in comparison to poor men.
Aim: To epidemiologically study polyparasitism in Women of Reproductive age in Igede land of Benue State, Nigeria.
Study Design: A cross-sectional study design was adopted for this study. Fresh stool, urine and blood samples were collected from women in Igede Land of Benue State and processed for internal parasites, urine parasites and malaria parasite respectively from September 2019 to August, 2021 using systematic random sampling technique. The study was restricted to women of reproductive age in Igedeland only. Well-structured questionnaires were further utilized to elicit information on associated factors related to polyparasitism. Positive samples were afterwards processed molecularly using PCR technology and the results documented. Data obtained was analysed using SPSS and comparative analysis was done using chi-square statistical tool.
Results: The overall rate of polyparasitism is this study was 3.50% while a prevalence of 33.50% was recorded for single parasitic infection. The dominant parasite was Plasmodium spp. (52.16%) while the least was Strongyloides stercoralis (1.44%). Parasite combination involving Schistosoma haematobium and Malaria parasite recorded highest prevalence (36.11%) while least prevalence was recorded for coinfection with Hookworm, Entamoeba histolytica and Asccaris lumbricoides. (8.33%). Also, associated factors of excretion and water source were significant (P<0.05) while meat consumption and sanitation were not significant P>0.05).
Conclusion: Polyparasitism among women in Igedeland of Benue State is relatively low with malaria parasite being the most dominant parasite.
Recommendations: Awareness on polyparasitism should be increased among women and antihelminthic and antimalarial drugs should be distributed free of charge to women so as to help reduce the burden of parasite infection in the study area.
Flexible Ureteroscopic Laser Lithotripsy versus Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy in Management of Upper Ureteral Calculi up to 2 cm
Authors: Al Debeiky Abdullah Salah , Elbahnasy Abdelhamid Mahmoud , Elgamasy Abdelnaser Khalifa , Elashry Osama Mohamed 
Published: August 2022

Aims: To compare the outcome after flexible ureteroscopic (FURS) laser lithotripsy and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) for management of patients with upper ureteral calculi up to 2 cm.
Study Design: A prospective randomized comparative study.
Place and Duration of Study: Tanta Urology Department, Tanta University in Tanta, Egypt between October 2018 to October 2021.
Methodology: We included 95 patients (62 men, 33 women) with upper ureteral calculi up to 2 cm. 48 patients underwent flexible ureteroscopic laser lithotripsy while 47 patients underwent extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. The outcome including the operative time, the success rate, retreatment rate, auxiliary procedures and complication rates was reported.
Results: The complete stone free rate was 95.8% in the FURS group and 72.3% in the ESWL group 1 month postoperatively (P value = <0.002). As regard auxiliary procedures (4.2%) in FURS group and (6.4%) in ESWL group underwent secondary procedures (P value = 0.677). The respective complication rates (evaluated using the Clavien system) were 5.2% in FURS group, and 7.3% in ESWL group (P value = 0.323).
Conclusion: FURS affords a comparable success rate than ESWL and seems to be a promising alternative to ESWL when higher stones densities are to be treated. Prospective randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm these findings.
Sociodemographic and Clinical Characteristics of Patients Presenting with Globus Pharyngeus: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Kafle Khagendra , Baniya Abinash , Shahi Manoj , Gurung Bipana , Shrestha Barun , Baral Sovit Jung 
Published: August 2022

Aims: This study aims to determine the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients presenting with globus pharyngeus in an outpatient clinic of a tertiary care center in Nepal
Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in the psychiatry outpatient department of Chitwan Medical College, Bharatpur, Nepal between Aug 2021 and Dec 2021.
Methodology: Globus pharyngeus was diagnosed after ruling out obvious pathology related to the throat and gastrointestinal system by specialists from the respective departments. The Glasgow Edinburgh Throat Scale (GETS) with its Nepali translation and study-specific structured proforma for sociodemographic and clinical profiles has been used as the study tool. Patients were assessed by the consultant psychiatrist to find out psychiatric comorbidities.
Results: Among the one hundred patients with a diagnosis of Globus pharyngeus, most patients were female (n=69), from an urban background(n=63), living in nuclear families (n=57), and were married (n=85). The mean age of patients with globus diagnosis was 37 years. The mean duration of globus symptoms was 32 months. Ninety-seven patients were previously treated for their problems from other centers. Discomfort/irritation in the throat (n=92), Feeling something stuck in the throat (n=91), and pain in the throat (n=81), were common symptoms. Psychiatric comorbidities [lifetime] were seen in forty-two patients.
Conclusion: Female gender, age of thirties, married status, belonging to the urban background, living in a nuclear family, and long duration of treatment history are commonly observed characteristics of these patients. Comorbid anxiety and depression are frequently observed psychiatric comorbidities.
Insect Pests and their Direct Damage of Piliostigma reticulatum (D.C.) Hochst Flowers and Pods in North-Soudanian Region of Burkina Faso
Authors: Ebou DAO Madjelia Cangre , Souleymane KOUSSOUBE , Paul BAZONGO Jean 
Published: August 2022

Aims: The objective of this work is to gain a better understanding of insect pests of flowers, fresh and ripe pods of P. reticultum in Burkina Faso.
Study Design: The P. reticultum trees were selected randomly. Also, the collection of flowers and pods from these trees was done in the same way.
Place and Duration of Study: Flowers, fresh pods and mature pods of P. reticulatum were collected in a village in the province of Bam called Yilou.
The observations were conducted in the laboratory. The study was carried out between December 2020 and September 2021.
Methodology: 120 flowers, 200 fresh pods and 2000 ripe pods of P. reticulatum were collected. Fresh flowers and pods were collected randomly from 20 trees and ripe pods from 100 trees. In the laboratory, fresh flowers and pods were dissected and insects were collected. Ripe pods were stored in the laboratory in polyethylene bags at room temperature for up to six months. When the bags were opened, all the insects observed were captured and placed in vials containing 70º alcohol. Insect damage to the pods was assessed using a score from 1 to 5. The pods were then dissected and the insects were collected again. All insects were identified under a binocular "stereomicroscope using identification keys.
Results: The results showed that Thysanoptera (Thripidae) were the most important insects in the flowers followed by Hymenoptera (Formicidae) and Coleoptera (Curculionidae). The main pests on fresh pods were Lepidoptera larvae (Lepidochrysops quassi Karsch). The extent of damage on mature pods in storage was high with an average score of 4.68. The pests of these pods in stock are Caryedon serratus (Olivier) followed by Tribolium castaneum (Herbst).
Conclusion: The study revealed that thrips, L. quassi and C. serratus are the main pests of P. reticulatum flowers, fresh pods and socked pods respectively.