bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In situ fabrication of solid-state carbon dots for random lasers
Authors: Wu Zefeng , Zhang Wenfei , Zhang Shaofeng , Yao Xin , Lin Ye , Chen Zhenhui 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Random microlasers with convenient laser cavities preparation are vital for various photonic applications. In addition, the method of in situ fabricating carbon dots utilizes the structures of precursors hindering aggregation-caused quenching and provides high CD yield with easy-to-design random laser cavities. Inspired by the above, a facile solvothermal route was reported for the in situ controllable synthesis of blue-emitting solid-state carbon dots (CDs with TEOS) with the addition of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS). The fluorescence spectrum of CDs with TOES ranges from 390-650 nm. The carbon dots (CDs without TEOS) without TEOS addition are similar to those with TEOS possessing the same fluorescence spectrum range. What’s more, the emission intensity of CDs with TEOS can be enhanced 37 times than that without TEOS, and the PL lifetimes of CDs with TEOS and CDs without TEOS are 1.23 ns and 7.26 ns, respectively. As a result, CDs with TEOS were employed to gain materials realizing blue emissive random lasers with a threshold of about 17 mJ/cm2 due to their intense emission.
Thermal runaway hazards of Lithium-Ion batteries in enclosed spaces
Authors: Liang Xiaoqiang , Liu Na , Zhang Kun , Tian Jun , Sun Wenhao , Tian Cuijun , Hu Daozhong , Tong Lei , Gao Hongbo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Lithium-ion batteries, celebrated for their high voltage, durability, and cleanliness, are the cornerstone of today’s new energy field. Their thermal stability in confined, explosion-proof settings is crucial for high-risk industries like military and mining, directly impacting worker safety and equipment reliability. Insight into thermal runaway triggers and progression is vital for crafting preventive strategies and enhancing battery system safety. This research, involving thermal runaway tests on three lithium-ion batteries in an explosion-proof enclosure, shows that while the enclosure doesn’t halt runaway, it can lower temperatures, especially peak temperatures, easing the runaway’s impact. Moreover, the batteries’ differing stability levels lead to varied outcomes in these tests, underscoring the importance of battery design in critical applications.
In-situ modification of nickel nanoparticles based on laser-induced graphene and their electromagnetic Properties regulation
Authors: Ge Hu , Gao Daming 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The investigation of flexible and high-performance materials for shielding against electromagnetic interference (EMI) has consistently remained a prominent subject in the realm of electromagnetic protection. In this study, a porous graphene/nickel nanoparticle (Ni NPs) composite (LIG/Ni) with in-situ modification was fabricated via secondary laser-induced graphene (LIG). The concentration of the NiSO4·6H2O solution could be adjusted to modify the size and amount of the Ni NPs, which would adapt the electromagnetic characteristics of the composite material. The results demonstrate that when the concentration of NiSO4·6H2O is 0.4 mol/L, the composite material exhibits a conductivity 3.6 times that of LIG, a saturated magnetization strength 23.2 times that of LIG, and delivers an impressive 56.33 dB shielding effectiveness (SE) in the X-band. Furthermore, even after 1000 bending cycles, it retained 82.23% of its SE. The proposed secondary laser scanning method in an inert atmosphere holds promising application prospects for efficient and rapid large-scale production of flexible electromagnetic shielding materials. It is foreseeable that by altering the precursor solution and the laser scanning environment, this technique could be further expanded to achieve rapid in situ doping of various metals or metal oxides within graphene.
Analysis of thermal and mechanical properties of transparent nylon modified PA66/GF system
Authors: Tian Enyong , Zhang Lin , Wang Junjie , Mao Qiang 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
PA66 was selected as the reaction matrix for preparing the modified composite system. Nylon 66 was modified using GF and maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene copolymer. Based on compatibilization and blending technology, a PA66/GF modified composite system was prepared by combining toughening agents and compatibilizers. The specific effects of different transparent nylon contents on the thermal and mechanical properties of the composite system were tested and analyzed using sample testing methods. The experimental results show that adding 30% transparent nylon to the modified composite blend system can significantly improve the system’s overall performance. Specifically, the mass fraction of the composite material can be increased by 30% to 40%, with the best melting point performance. The crystallization temperature increased by 81.4°C compared to the sample without transparent nylon and the highest tensile strength. The notch impact strength of the material reaches 8.4kJ · m-2. Compared with the EPDM modification method, this article’s melting behavior and tensile strength are better, indicating that the research method can further optimize the comprehensive performance of composite materials.
Community engagement with engineering to address the environmental and public health impacts of a fertilizer fire.
Authors: Young Kyana R L , Dixon Crystal T , Johnson Amarie , Shukla Aryaman 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
On February 1, 2022, 600 tons of ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3), at the Winston Weaver Company in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, ignited and caught fire. Surrounding homes and businesses, within a 1-mile radius, were evacuated while the fertilizer burned for two days. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) conducted air quality assessments for ammonia (NH3) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). USEPA detected levels of NH3 at 45 -151 ppm (USEPA Action Level is 30 ppm) and NO2 of 0.700 – 5.200 ppm (USEPA Action Level is 0.500 ppm), during Day 2 and Day 3 of the fire. Following the extinguishing of the fire, ambient air levels were documented as safe (below action levels) by the USEPA. Members of the Piney Grove Neighborhood – a historic African American community, located 0.4 miles from the now defunct Winston Weaver Company – were concerned about the long-term health impacts of exposure to the chemicals from the fire. At the request of the community, researchers from Wake Forest University conducted soil quality tests (nutrients and heavy metals). Results from the soil heavy metals test showed that the highest concentrations of arsenic (4.9 mg/kg), cadmium (0.76 mg/kg), copper (51.1 mg/kg), and lead were below the World Health Organization (WHO) action levels of arsenic (20 mg/kg), cadmium (12 mg/kg), copper (100 mg/kg), lead (300 mg/kg). However, the concentrations of nickel (19.3 mg/kg) and zinc (289.9 mg/kg) were close to the WHO action levels of 36 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg, respectively. The concentrations of nutrients were, notably, within acceptable ranges of highest concentrations at nitrate (2.93 mg/L), ammonia (2.63 mg/L), and phosphorus (997.5 mg/kg). There is a need to document the longitudinal environmental assessment with the community. Thus, the WFU researchers and the Piney Grove community are in agreement for annual testing and communication of data directly to residents.
Development and validation using of artificial intelligence algorithms for tool wear forecasting in the CNC turning process of 7075 Al alloy with tungsten carbide tool
Authors: Gabsi Abd El Hedi , BOUAJILA Sofiane 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper investigates the application of Gradient Boosting Model (GBM), Gaussian Process (GP), and Decision Tree (DT) algorithms to analyze and predict the progression of crater tool wear (CTW) in CNC turning processes. Experiments were conducted using tungsten carbide cutting tools on 7075 aluminum alloy, focusing on the effects of corner radius, cutting speed, depth of cut, and feed rate on tool crater wear. CTW measurements were obtained using an optical microscope. A total of 45 experiments were performed, with 36 used to train the models and the remaining 9 for evaluation. Additionally, a validation experiment was carried out under different cutting conditions to assess the accuracy of the selected model. The novelty of this study lies in its results, which outperform previous literature, and it is the first to evaluate three distinct AI models in the context of tool wear analysis. The findings show that the GBM model provided the most accurate predictions, with performance indices of R2=0.986R2=0.986, RAE=0.015RAE=0.015, MAE=0.004MAE=0.004, RMSE=0.065RMSE=0.065, and RSE=0.046RSE=0.046, and an average difference of 5.02% between the predicted and actual CTW values. These forecasts can help manufacturing companies prevent tool failure, boost productivity, and optimize costs by balancing cycle time with tool adjustment and replacement expenses.&#xD;
Towards the creation of an inverse electron distribution function in two-chamber inductively coupled plasma discharges
Authors: Wang Ying , Chen Nie , Yao Jingfeng , Bogdanov Evgeniy , Kudryavtsev Anatoly , Yuan Chengxun , Zhou Zhongxiang 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The work continues the studies on searching for plasma media with inverse electron energy distribution function (EEDF) and providing recommendations for setting up subsequent experiments. The inverse EEDF is a distribution function that increases with increasing the energy at zero electron energy. The inverse EEDF plays a central role in the problem of negative conductivity. Based on the previously obtained criterion for the formation of an inverse EEDF in a spatially inhomogeneous plasma, a heuristic method is proposed that allows one to avoid resource-intensive calculations for spatially two-dimensional (2D) kinetic modeling on a large array of different glow discharges. It is shown that the conditions for EEDF inversion can be realized in two-chamber discharge structures due to violating the known Boltzmann distribution for electron density. The theoretical conclusions are validated by numerical modeling of low-pressure two-chamber inductively coupled plasma (ICP) discharges in the COMSOL Multiphysics environment. As a result, areas of conditions with inverse EEDF were found for subsequent detailed kinetic analysis and experimental studies.
The Story of Mary of Bethany
Authors: Stump Eleonore 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Mary of Bethany is an exemplar of a person who suffers shame and heartbreak, if the story of the raising of Lazarus, in which she and her sister Martha figure largely, is understood in a certain way. This chapter focuses on the problem of suffering in connection with shame, desires of the heart, and heartbreak. The chapter concentrates on the narrative of the anointing of Jesus by Mary of Bethany in the Gospel of John, and on the narrative of the anointing of Jesus by an anonymous sinful woman in the Gospel of Luke. It also discusses methodological issues in connection with philosophical examination of Gospel narratives. It shows the way in which, in the narratives, suffering is redeemed in second-personal relationship.
Normalization and standardization
Authors: Coulmas Florian 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Affording a language special status raises the question of how it differs or should be distinguished from others. One important aspect in this regard that is dealt with in this chapter is setting and promoting a standard, that is, a human-made norm. Likening standard grammars and legal codes is more than a fleeting allegory. Both distinguish right from wrong and are designed to regulate human behaviour. Accordingly, rather than as natural species—a metaphor that has a long tradition in general linguistics, but also plays a role among nativists—language is here conceptualized as an artefact. Language standardization is recognized as an important language policy aim. Generally, this means studying and regulating writing rather than speech, since for any sizeable population it is much more feasible to implement standards of written than of spoken language. This chapter looks at how three European models of language standardization that share much of their tradition, French, English, and German, differ from one that was developed more recently in a very different cultural context, Indonesia.
Language ideologies
Authors: Coulmas Florian 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Language ideologies are highly complex conceptual systems that reflect the instrumentalization of language for various purposes, the relationship between different speech communities, as well as the interaction of language and other artefacts, notably nation, religion, and race. A key property of such ideologies is to mark dividing lines of inclusion and exclusion. Accordingly, linguistic nationalism, purism, and linguistic imperialism are prominent language ideologies to be examined in this chapter on the basis of examples from Turkey, Greece (Katharevousa), France, and the US, among others. Religion as an instrument of proselytizing and a driving force of language-spread policies is also examined here. Proselytizing book religions have exercised a deep influence on the spread of languages, if only because they have been instrumental in the promotion of literacy. Different patterns of linking faith and language are expounded in this chapter, which also demonstrates where language policy is still informed by religious conventions and edicts.
Anti-discrimination policies
Authors: Coulmas Florian 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Many states have anti-discrimination laws designed to ensure that people are not excluded or otherwise discriminated against on the basis of race, colour, national origin, age, religion, disability, sex, gender identity, language, or other classifications. Over the past half century, the implications of such laws for language policy have garnered much scholarly and societal attention. Feminist sociolinguists were in the vanguard of public campaigns against overt and covert discrimination in language use. Gender-neutral, anti-racist, and anti-xenophobic movements followed. Taking the French discussion about the new gender-neutral pronoun iel as point of departure, this chapter examines how the interaction of language structure and social attitudes influences anti-discrimination policies and how, as a result, they differ from country to country, as testified, among others, by the controversies about ‘political correctness’ sparked in the United States. By way of conclusion, the chapter discusses the difficulties of language policy efficiency checks on macro and micro levels.
Careers for Your Daughters
Authors: Taylor James 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Chapter 4 documents growing openings for women in finance, focusing on a cohort of eleven women stockbrokers active in the interwar years. As in other fields, new opportunities were presented by the demands of the First World War, opportunities which did not entirely disappear after the war’s end. Unlike the period before 1914, when women stockbrokers were mostly active in London, they became more prominent across the country, especially in small to medium-sized towns without stock exchanges. Though several got into stockbroking through family firms, others started as clerks, acquiring skills and experience that equipped them to establish their own businesses. The chapter explores how these women’s careers developed, and the broader cultural context in which they operated. Traditional attitudes to women and finance died hard, though the ‘feminization’ of the interwar press meant that newspapers did publicize women’s achievements as stockbrokers. Though women operated in the same commercial environment, ran similar businesses, and faced the same risks as male stockbrokers, gender was an important element shaping women stockbrokers’ professional identities, encouraged by the new business and professional networks for women that were developing in the 1920s and 1930s.
Angels in the House
Authors: Taylor James 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Chapter 5 argues that whereas women’s membership of stock exchanges was largely regarded as implausible before 1914, it became a serious prospect in the interwar years. In the context of political enfranchisement and legislation against sex discrimination in 1918–19, and buoyed by support from women’s organizations and the press, more women were willing to apply for membership, forcing stock exchanges to define and justify their exclusionary policies. The chapter identifies differing outcomes in Ireland and the United Kingdom: while Oonah Keogh successfully joined the Dublin Stock Exchange in 1925, attempts by women to join the London and Bradford Stock Exchanges were rejected. This is largely because Dublin was a chartered body, whereas British stock exchanges were unincorporated and therefore outside the scope of the Sex Disqualification (Removal) Act of 1919. Obliged to continue operating outside the stock exchanges, women stockbrokers faced a new threat in the mid-1930s with the prospect of a legislative clampdown on the activities of outside brokers. The chapter explores the implications for women stockbrokers of a parliamentary inquiry and subsequent legislation. It concludes by examining the impact of the Second World War on women in finance, and the limits to the new opportunities that emerged.
Thirteen Forms of Ordinary Manipulation
Authors: Noggle Robert 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter explores the diversity of influences that seem like clear cases of manipulation. This will provide an initial data set of paradigm examples of manipulation, which we can use to build and test theories about the nature of manipulation. Since the topic of this book is ordinary manipulation as it occurs in real life, the examples come from real life or psychologically realistic fiction. They are: playing on the emotions, misdirection and “misemphasis” (distorted emphasis), gaslighting, game switching (tricking someone into following the wrong norms for the situation), social proof, peer pressure, emotional blackmail, nagging, charm offensives, exploiting conflict aversion, exploiting reciprocity, negging, and conditional flattery. The chapter also discusses the fact that some forms of influence, such as emotional appeals, can be used in ways that seem clearly manipulative, as well as in ways that seem clearly not manipulative.
The Psychology of Manipulation
Authors: Noggle Robert 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter discusses psychological mechanisms that contribute to the mistakes that manipulators induce targets to make. It begins with a sketch of a simple model of decision and action. Next, it discusses how limits on time and information create challenges for decision-making. Because of these limits, most decision-making relies on a combination of fast, unconscious processes that identify promising courses of action, and slower, conscious processes that select among them. This is the basic insight of dual process theories of decision-making. Adding the findings and insights from these theories to the sketch of decision-making helps us see a variety of ways that manipulation works. The chapter concludes with a discussion of several cognitive and decision-making biases that facilitate manipulation. These include the availability heuristic; framing effects; the status quo bias; the immediacy bias; and biases toward social conformity and against conflict.
Praying Alone
Authors: Barylo William 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Although Muslim presence in the UK has been recorded as far back as the sixteenth century, few British Muslims know about how through artistic interventions, or the creation of solidarity, Muslims have shaped Great Britain. Many experiment with the creative disruption of institutions and networks, despite enduring glass ceilings. Through archival work and guided tours on red double-deckers, some initiatives have started excavating local stories, organizing film clubs and other events to uncover the work, impact, and heritage of Muslims in Europe and America just two generations ago. However, intra-community divisions make many doubt the existence of a united global ummah (Muslim community) or the possibility of a British Islam.
I Was Just Following the Trend
Authors: Barylo William 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Social media celebrities in the era of metacolonialism are impostors. Social chameleons, they absorb trends like sponges, commodify their body, culture, faith, identity, and moral principles for the sake of an illusory access to fame, wealth, and power. ‘Fake it until you make it’ suggests chasing brand deals from companies with poor work ethics and human rights records, and promoting products manufactured in labour camps. The Muslim Ummah is drinking its own blood and the oppressed of yesterday becomes the today’s oppressors. Even humanitarian charities copy the looks and behaviours of the colonizer, turning missionary businesses into for-profit, provoking a wake of scandals. However, whether it is through Islamic pop-art, community open-mics or Muslim Futurism, there are Muslim artists using visual arts not only as a novel form of expression for their spirituality but also as ways to subvert and contest contemporary dominant values and send strong political messages.
Western Europe
Authors: Churchill Robin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter considers the influence of Western European culture on the development of the law of the sea, focusing on the period between the early sixteenth century—when a recognizably modern system of states began to emerge in Western Europe—and the Hague Codification Conference of 1930. During this period, Western European nations played a dominant role in world affairs because of colonialism and their economic and military power. The chapter argues that there is a common culture in Western Europe, which has its roots in ancient Greek civilization, the Roman Empire, and Christianity. The principal features of that culture include a strong belief in the importance of law and good administration; a profound interest in science; and, until very recently, a widespread belief in the racial superiority of Europeans. The chapter identifies the influence of those features on the law of the sea. It discusses in turn European influence on codification of the law of the sea; the great debates in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries between Grotius and other writers over the legal status of the sea; European influence on the role of science in the law of the sea; and the influence of capitalism, as seen, for instance, in the laissez-faire regime of the high seas that prevailed until the late twentieth century and the 1994 revisions to the regime of the International Seabed Area. Lastly, the chapter considers the influence of two Western European languages, English and French, on diplomacy, literature, and legal concepts relating to the law of the sea.