bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CD200 expression on Sezary cells: A valuable tool for flow cytometric assessment of peripheral blood T‐cell neoplasms
Authors: Shameli Afshin , Roshan Tariq M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundCD200 (OX‐2) is a valuable marker in the diagnosis of B‐cell neoplasms and is commonly used in the screening panels for assessment of peripheral blood B‐cell lymphoproliferative disorders. However, there is limited understanding about CD200 expression in T‐cell neoplasms. A previous study has shown that CD200 is expressed on the neoplastic cells of angioimmunoblastic T‐cell lymphoma (AITL) by immunohistochemistry, but no study has evaluated CD200 expression in T‐cell neoplasms by flow cytometry.MethodsWe assessed CD200 expression in peripheral blood T‐cell lymphoproliferative disorders by retrospective analysis of our institutional flow cytometry screening database over a 6‐year period.ResultsIn addition to AITL, we identified CD200 expression in a significant number of mycosis fungoides/Sezary syndrome cases (58%, 19 of 33 samples), while most other T‐cell neoplasms were negative for CD200. These findings were confirmed by CD200 immunohistochemical staining of tissue specimens from our patient cohort.ConclusionsCD200 is commonly expressed on circulating Sezary cells, a feature that can potentially improve the diagnostic value of flow cytometry for assessment of T‐cell neoplasms.
Petrographic and geochemical constraints on the formation of gravity‐defying speleothems
Authors: Immenhauser Adrian , Hoffmann Rene , Riechelmann Sylvia , Mueller Mathias , Scholz Dennis , Voigt Stefan , Niggemann Stefan , Buhl Dieter , Dornseif Maximilian , Platte Alexander 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCave carbonates, seemingly growing in defiance of gravity, have attracted the community's interest for more than a century. This paper focusses on ‘helictites’, contorted vermiform speleothems with central capillaries. Petrographic, crystallographic and geochemical data of calcitic and aragonitic helictites (recent to 347 ka) from three caves in Western Germany are placed in context with previous work. Aragonitic helictites from one site, the Windloch Cave, form exceptionally large and complex structures that share similarities with the celebrated helictite arrays in the Asperge Cave in France. Aragonitic and calcitic helictites differ significantly in their crystal fabrics and internal geometry. Calcitic helictites are best described as a composite crystal fabric consisting of fibrous mesocrystals. Aragonite helictites display a complex fabric of acicular to platy crystals, some of which show evidence for growth‐twinning and perhaps crystallisation via a monoclinal precursor stage. The micro‐tomographic characterisation of several orders of channels and their complex architecture raises important questions regarding fluid migration and helictite architecture. In terms of their isotope geochemistry, helictites are depleted in 13C to various degrees, isotope values that are controlled by the mixing of fluids and mineralogy‐related fractionation. Regarding their δ18O values, most helictites overlap with other calcitic and aragonitic speleothems. Previous models explaining the twisted morphology of helictites are discussed from the viewpoint of fluid migration and CO2 degassing rates, mineralogy and helictite petrography. For the complex aragonitic helicities documented here, the most likely mechanisms to explain the contorted growth forms include the internal capillary network combined with localised (sector) growth at the helictite tip. The morphologically simpler calcitic helictites are best explained by capillary and surface flow. Future work should include geomicrobiology to assess the significance of induced mineralisation and transmission electron microscopy analysis to more quantitatively assign crystallographic properties.
The alprazolam analogue 4′‐chloro deschloroalprazolam identified in seized capsules
Authors: Trigg Sheena , Wells Jason M. , McGann Jasmine , Bock Soeren , Holman Adam , Harrison Stephen M. , Goh Ching Yong , Moggach Stephen A. , Brown David H. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNew designer benzodiazepines continue to be identified in the illicit drug market. In December 2021, eight capsules were submitted to ChemCentre for analysis. The samples were analysed by a range of analytical techniques including gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry, liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC–MS, low and high resolution), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and X‐ray crystallography, which identified the main component of the capsules to be 4′‐chloro deschloroalprazolam, a new designer benzodiazepine. Alarmingly, the mass spectral data for this alprazolam analogue were very similar to that of alprazolam, such that misidentification could be possible. A minor component of the capsules was also partially characterised, it is believed to be the synthetic precursor 4′‐chloro deschloronordiazepam. The information provided in this paper includes ways to discriminate these analogues from alprazolam and nordiazepam which will enable other laboratories to identify these new drugs.
Eating‐disorder psychopathology in female athletes and non‐athletes: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Chapa Danielle A. N. , Johnson Sarah N. , Richson Brianne N. , Bjorlie Kayla , Won Ying Q. , Nelson Sarah V. , Ayres Joseph , Jun Daiil , Forbush Kelsie T. , Christensen Kara A. , Perko Victoria L. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveThere is ongoing discussion about whether sports participation is a risk or protective factor for eating disorders (EDs). Research is mixed, with some studies suggesting that athletes have higher mean levels of ED psychopathology compared to nonathletes, while other studies suggest the opposite effect or no differences. The purpose of the current meta‐analysis was to identify whether female athletes reported higher mean levels of ED psychopathology compared to nonathletes.MethodFollowing PRISMA guidelines, we identified 56 studies that reported ED psychopathology for female athletes and nonathletes. A three‐level random‐effects model of between‐ and within‐study variance was completed for the following outcome variables: overall ED psychopathology, body dissatisfaction, drive for thinness, restricting, and loss‐of‐control eating.ResultsAthletes reported lower levels of body dissatisfaction compared to nonathletes (g = −.21, p < .0001). Athletes and nonathletes reported similar levels of overall ED psychopathology, drive for thinness, restricting, and loss‐of‐control eating on average. Sport type significantly moderated standardized mean difference effect sizes of ED psychopathology in athletes versus nonathletes. Effect sizes comparing levels of drive for thinness, restricting, and loss‐of‐control eating in athletes versus nonathletes were larger for studies with athletes participating in aesthetic/lean sports compared to nonaesthetic/nonlean sports.DiscussionFindings from this meta‐analysis could inform future ED prevention and treatment in female athletes by providing further evidence that athletes in aesthetic/lean sports may report higher levels of ED psychopathology. Participating in nonaesthetic/nonlean sports may be a protective factor for experiencing less body dissatisfaction.Public Significance StatementThe current meta‐analysis summarized findings from 56 studies that assessed levels of disordered eating, body dissatisfaction, dietary restricting, and loss‐of‐control eating in female athletes and nonathletes. Athletes reported lower levels of body dissatisfaction compared to nonathletes, highlighting that participation in sport could have some protective factors.Athletes participating in sports that require weight categories (e.g., judo) and sports that emphasize thinness/leanness (e.g., gymnastics and distance running) had higher levels of disordered eating relative to athletes participating in other types of sports that do not emphasize thinness/leanness (e.g., volleyball and basketball).
Interpreting long‐distance movements of non‐migratory golden eagles: Prospecting and nomadism?
Authors: Poessel Sharon A. , Woodbridge Brian , Smith Brian W. , Murphy Robert K. , Bedrosian Bryan E. , Bell Douglas A. , Bittner David , Bloom Peter H. , Crandall Ross H. , Domenech Robert , Fisher Robert N. , Haggerty Patricia K. , Slater Steven J. , Tracey Jeff A. , Watson James W. , Katzner Todd E. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMovements by animals can serve different functions and occur over a variety of spatial and temporal scales. Routine movement types, such as residency (localized movements) and migration, have been well studied. However, nonroutine movement types, such as dispersal, prospecting, and nomadism, are less well understood. Documenting these rarely detected events requires tracking large numbers of individuals across all age classes. We studied >500 golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) tracked by telemetry over a 10‐year period in western North America, of which 160 engaged in nonroutine, long‐distance (>300 km) movements. We identified spatial and temporal correlates of those movements at both small and large scales, and we quantified movement timing and direction. We further tested which age and sex classes of eagles were more likely to engage in these movements. Our analysis of 88,093 daily tracks suggested that distances traveled by eagles were responsive to the updraft potential of the spatial and temporal landscape they encountered. Tracks covered longer distances at locations and times of higher updraft potential, and older birds traveled farther than younger birds. By contrast, after decomposing daily tracks into 563 nonroutine, long‐distance movements measured at a multiday scale, only the duration of travel was responsive to environmental conditions encountered by eagles. Multiday trips that were longer were those initiated in open and warm landscapes and those that ended in mountainous regions. Finally, long‐distance movements were more frequently made in seasons other than winter, in north–south directions, and by young birds. We documented clear correlates of nonroutine, long‐distance movements by golden eagles at small, local scales but found little evidence of such correlates at larger, regional scales. Most long‐distance movements we documented fit patterns associated with traditional definitions of prospecting and nomadism but not migration. Our study is the first to describe these movement types by golden eagles, and as such provides a foundation for subsequent study into the movement ecology of other species.
Edge effects increase soil respiration without altering soil carbon stocks in temperate broadleaf forests
Authors: Schedlbauer Jessica L. , Miller Jason 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAnthropogenic disturbance has left the world's forests highly fragmented, with a significant proportion of edge‐affected area. Abiotic changes at forest edges are likely to affect forest soil carbon cycling, as higher temperatures and lower moisture availability in edge environments have well‐documented effects on soil respiration. The present study sought to quantify persistent changes in soil carbon cycling in the fragmented broadleaf forests of southeastern Pennsylvania. At three sites with >80‐year‐old forest‐field edges, three 100‐m transects perpendicular to the edge were established. Monthly measurements of soil respiration, temperature, and moisture were made at fixed distances along each transect throughout the growing season. Soil carbon storage from 0 to 20 cm depth, litter biomass, and decomposition rates were also assessed. Soil respiration was significantly higher at forest edges, relative to the interior, and this effect penetrated 60 m into the forest. Significantly elevated surface soil temperature and decreased soil moisture were also observed in edge environments. Despite elevated soil respiration at the edge, soil carbon storage, litter biomass, and decomposition rates were invariant along edge to interior gradients. The temperature responsiveness of soil respiration was significantly higher in the forest interior (100 m), relative to locations ≤60 m from the edge. Edge effects altering elements of the soil carbon cycle were apparent in the forests of southeastern Pennsylvania, and principally manifest as increased soil respiration rates and decreased temperature responsiveness of soil respiration. Lack of variation in soil carbon pools and decomposition rates from the forest edge to interior suggests that increased soil respiration may be related to changes in root and rhizosphere respiration at the edge. These findings contribute to a growing body of evidence documenting increased soil respiration in the edge environments of temperate broadleaf forests. Discounting the alterations imposed by forest fragmentation on carbon cycling has the potential to produce misleading estimates of land–atmosphere CO2 exchange and terrestrial carbon storage.
Optimal timing of interictal FDG‐PET for epilepsy surgery: A systematic review on time since last seizure
Authors: de Laat Nienke N. , Tolboom Nelleke , Leijten Frans S. S. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractInterictal 18F‐Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) is used in the workup for epilepsy surgery when MRI and EEG video monitoring are not conclusive. Timing of FDG‐PET is crucial to avoid the metabolically dynamic (post)ictal state that complicates interpretation, but the exact time window is unclear. We performed a systematic review to provide an evidence‐based recommendation for the minimal time interval between last seizure and FDG‐PET acquisition. We searched PubMed and Embase for articles on the effect of time since last seizure on FDG‐PET outcome. Quality assessment was conducted with the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Cohort Study Checklist. We identified five studies. Three studies were classified as of low to moderate quality, mainly due to undocumented data or insufficient statistical measurements. Two high‐quality studies included only adults with Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE). The metabolic interictal phase is 24 or 48 hours after the last seizure, depending on seizure type. The recommendation is based on the best available evidence from two small study populations for TLE. If clinically possible, interictal FDG‐PET in adults should be performed at least 24 hours after focal aware seizures and 48 hours after focal impaired awareness and focal to bilateral tonic–clonic seizures.
Out‐of‐plane shear‐axial failure in slender rectangular reinforced concrete walls
Authors: Niroomandi Arsalan , Pampanin Stefano , Dhakal Rajesh P. , Ashtiani Mohammad Soleymani , Torre Chris de la 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOn 22 February 2011, one of the main structural walls of one of the tallest buildings in Christchurch, New Zealand (Grand Chancellor Hotel), had an extremely brittle and unusual failure that significantly damaged the building, severely compromising its structural stability. To this date, this peculiar failure mode has not yet been fully investigated and understood. Moreover, currently, it is not possible to identify and assess walls that are prone to this failure mode. Following recent findings based on experimental investigations, this failure mode was identified as out‐of‐plane shear‐axial failure. A Finite Element (FE) model was developed in DIANA to capture this failure mode, and through a numerical parametric study, the key parameters that contribute to the development of this failure mode in rectangular reinforced concrete (RC) walls were identified. Solid elements were used for the concrete material and embedded truss elements for the steel reinforcement. Bar buckling was not included in this investigation due to the limitation of DIANA in implementing the bar buckling and Menegotto‐Pinto models together, among which the latter was found to be more influential on the behaviour of RC walls investigated in this study. Based on the numerical and experimental studies conducted, an analytical method is proposed to: (1) identify rectangular walls prone to out‐of‐plane shear‐axial failure as a first‐level check for both design and assessment purposes; and (2) determine the out‐of‐plane drift capacity of rectangular walls prone to out‐of‐plane shear‐axial failure. Design recommendations are provided for rectangular walls prone to out‐of‐plane shear‐axial failure.
Multi‐objective risk‐constrained operation of hydrogen‐based renewable energy integrated distribution network
Authors: Zare Oskouei Morteza , Mohammadi‐Ivatloo Behnam , Erdinç Ozan , Gülşen Erdinç Fatma 
Published: June 2022

SummaryNowadays, an important point that has attracted the attention of system planners is to maintain the adequacy of distribution networks under an acceptable range during interactions with multi‐carrier energy systems under several uncertain sources. Achieving scalable and operational solutions to deal with the risk associated with these challenges has become a major concern among system planners. Thanks to the recent advances, hydrogen‐based facilities offer distinctive opportunities to increase the flexibility and adequacy of distribution networks considering the high penetration of renewable energy sources (RESs). In this regard, the development of a comprehensive market‐based mechanism by distribution network operators with respect to grid code considerations in the presence of hydrogen‐based facilities is challenging. This study tries to fill the research gaps regarding the optimal coordination of the hydrogen‐based energy hubs and distribution networks that host high RESs penetration. To this end, a multi‐objective framework is developed to represent a risk‐constrained operation problem for the distribution networks in the day‐ahead scheduling process. The main objective of this study is 2‐fold: (a) to preserve the adequacy of distribution networks by enhancing the self‐sufficiency level and (b) to guarantee the flexible operation of distribution networks by mitigating the techno‐economic and environmental risks. To attain a risk‐averse strategy, a hybrid robust‐stochastic programming model is used to handle the uncertain nature of renewable generation, demand consumption, and market price. Moreover, the proposed framework considers the load shifting program, as efficient ancillary service, to evaluate the impact of the deferrable loads on improving the performance of system operators' decision‐making. The feasibility and robustness of the proposed mixed‐integer linear programming strategy are investigated through a set of case studies on the IEEE 33‐bus test system under the GAMS software environment. Numerical results demonstrate that if hydrogen‐based energy hubs are employed by operator, the whole operation cost decreases by up to 77%, renewable power curtailment decreases by up to 92%, and CO2 emission cost lessens by up to 50%.
Performance potential of a new molten hydroxide direct carbon fuel cell–based triple‐cycle system for clean and efficient coal use
Authors: Han Yuan , Zhang Houcheng , Xie Gongnan , Ni Meng 
Published: June 2022

SummaryAbstract: To efficiently and environmental‐friendly use coal, a novel triple‐cycle system model incorporating molten hydroxide direct carbon fuel cell (MHDCFC), alkali metal thermal electric converter (AMTEC), and thermoelectric generator (TEG) is proposed to evaluate the performance potential. Considering a variety of electrochemical and thermodynamic irreversible losses, a mathematical model for the proposed system is developed, and optimum operation ranges for several important performance indicators are determined. Numerical calculations indicate that the improvements in the maximum power density and the corresponding efficiency of the triple‐cycle system are, respectively, about 92% and 26% compared with the single MHDCFC, and the improvements are, respectively, 11% and 10% compared with the cogeneration system composed of MHDCFC and AMTEC. Extensive parametric studies show that an increase in the operating temperature, reactor compartment width, proportional coefficient, or thermocouple number may positively improve the tricycle system performance; whereas an increase in the O2 flow rate, ratio of AMTEC cathode area to MHDCFC electrode area or thermodynamic loss‐related parameter may degrade the tricycle system performance.Highlights
An advanced triple‐cycle system is proposed for waste heat recovery.
Various irreversible losses within the system are mathematically described.
Optimal operation ranges for several important performance indicators are determined.
Maximum power density and efficiency are increased by 92% and 26%, respectively.
Effects of some important parameters on the system performance are discussed.
Electromagnetic performance analysis of the umbrella shaping inner rotor coaxial magnetic gear with dual modulation rings
Authors: Wang Jun‐gang , Zhang Bin , Qian Li‐qun , Xu Shuai‐rui 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe coaxial magnetic gear is a new type of noncontact transmission mechanism, which avoids the inherent defects of the mechanical gearbox due to gear meshing transmission. To study a coaxial magnetic gear (CMG) with high torque density and low torque ripple to replace the mechanical gear in the semidirect drive wind turbine, a novel umbrella shaping inner rotor CMG (US‐CMG) with an auxiliary modulation ring is proposed in this paper. The novel structure adopts a CMG with a dual modulated ring to increase the electromagnetic torque. In addition, the magnetic block of the poled inner rotor is divided into three pieces magnetized by Halbach arrays, and the middle piece is umbrella‐shaped to reduce torque ripple. Based on the topology of the US‐CMG and the principle of the magnetic field modulation, the operation mechanism of the US‐CMG is analyzed. A contrastive analysis among the US‐CMG, Halbach magnetized dual‐modulator CMG (HM‐CMG), and surface‐mounted CMG (SM‐CMG) is established to identify the performance of the US‐CMG. Compared with the SM‐CMG, the results show that the electromagnetic torque of the US‐CMG has increased by 65.46%, and the torque ripple of the US‐CMG is 57.6% of that of the SM‐CMG.
Seismic signatures of individual wave impacts on a coastal cliff
Authors: Thompson Catriona F. , Dickson Mark E. , Young Adam P. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe mechanisms through which wave action induces cliff erosion are not well quantified, which limits our ability to model future cliff erosion. Previous studies have investigated using seismic measurements of cliff‐top ground motion from wave impacts as a proxy for potential wave driven cliff erosion. However, most attention has focussed on averaged hourly statistics, rather than at the individual wave impact scale. Higher temporal resolution studies are needed to determine the extent to which frequent, low magnitude impacts transfer wave energy into cliff rock, compared to violent impacts that occur much less frequently. We carried out fieldwork in Taranaki, New Zealand on a cliff that is exposed to broken, breaking, and unbroken wave impacts at different tidal stages. Synchronized seismometer, wave gauge, and video data were collected to observe a range of wave impact types under different marine conditions. Approximately 7500 wave impacts were manually classified into eight groups according to the stage of wave transformation at impact using video data. Corresponding seismic signals were then analysed to compare ground motion and impact types. The greatest peaks in ground motion were associated with impact classes identifiable by the wave breaking just in front of, or onto the cliff face. Waves classed as broken and unbroken had a median displacement of 4.2 μm and 5.1 μm, respectively, whereas breaking wave impact classes had a median displacement value of 25.8 μm. Spectral analyses of impact types suggest that different impacts produce peaks in energy at different frequency bands, and the total energy transfer is higher for breaking wave impact classes. This research provides a first step in assessing the spectral signature of wave impacts at an individual wave scale, providing a new method to investigate wave–cliff interaction.