bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Universal Digital Twin: Land use
Authors: Akroyd Jethro , Harper Zachary , Soutar David , Farazi Feroz , Bhave Amit , Mosbach Sebastian , Kraft Markus 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis article develops an ontological description of land use and applies it to incorporate geospatial information describing land coverage into a knowledge-graph-based Universal Digital Twin. Sources of data relating to land use in the UK have been surveyed. The Crop Map of England (CROME) is produced annually by the UK Government and was identified as a valuable source of open data. Formal ontologies to represent land use and the geospatial data arising from such surveys have been developed. The ontologies have been deployed using a high-performance graph database. A customized vocabulary was developed to extend the geospatial capabilities of the graph database to support the CROME data. The integration of the CROME data into the Universal Digital Twin is demonstrated in two use cases that show the potential of the Universal Digital Twin to share data across sectors. The first use case combines data about land use with a geospatial analysis of scenarios for energy provision. The second illustrates how the Universal Digital Twin could use the land use data to support the cross-domain analysis of flood risk. Opportunities for the extension and enrichment of the ontologies, and further development of the Universal Digital Twin are discussed.
On meromorphic solutions of functional-differential equations
Authors: Lü Feng 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe consider meromorphic solutions of functional-differential equations
\[ f^{(k)}(z)=a(f^{n}\circ g)(z)+bf(z)+c, \]where $n,\,~k$ are two positive integers. Firstly, using an elementary method, we describe the forms of $f$ and $g$ when $f$ is rational and $a(\neq 0)$, $b$, $c$ are constants. In addition, by employing Nevanlinna theory, we show that $g$ must be linear when $f$ is transcendental and $a(\neq 0)$, $b$, $c$ are polynomials in $\mathbb {C}$.
Tissue eosinophilia correlates with mice susceptibility, granuloma formation and damage during Toxocara canis infection
Authors: Leal-Silva Thaís , de Almeida Lopes Camila , Vieira-Santos Flaviane , Oliveira Fabrício Marcus Silva , Kraemer Lucas , Padrão Luiza de Lima Silva , Amorim Chiara Cássia Oliveira , Souza Jorge Lucas Nascimento , Barbosa Fernando Sérgio , Rachid Milene Alvarenga , Russo Remo Castro , Fujiwara Ricardo Toshio , Bueno Lilian Lacerda 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAn increase in peripheral blood eosinophils in helminth infections is expected, and these cells are known to promote immunity against these parasites. However, studies have suggested that in some specific helminths, eosinophils may promote the needs and longevity of these parasites, and their role in these infections remains undefined, including in Toxocara canis infection. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the role of eosinophils in the context of larval migration of T. canis and the immunopathological aspects of infection. For this, we used wild-type mice and mice genetically deficient for the transcription factor GATA-binding factor 1 (GATA1−/−), infected with 1000 eggs of T. canis. At 0, 3, 14 and 63 days post-infection, parasite load, tissue cytokine production, leucocyte profile, bronchoalveolar lavage cells and histopathological analyses were carried out. Collectively, our results demonstrate that the presence of eosinophils mediates susceptibility to T. canis, inducing leucocytosis and the formation of granulomas, increasing the pulmonary and cerebral parasite load, and reducing the number of neutrophils, which may be necessary to control the infection.
The long-term effects of a polygenetic predisposition to general cognition on healthy cognitive ageing: evidence from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing
Authors: Ajnakina Olesya , Murray Robin , Steptoe Andrew , Cadar Dorina 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundAs an accelerated cognitive decline frequently heralds onset of severe neuropathological disorders, understanding the source of individual differences in withstanding the onslaught of cognitive ageing may highlight how best cognitive abilities may be retained into advanced age.MethodsUsing a population representative sample of 5088 adults aged •50 years from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, we investigated relationships of polygenic predisposition to general cognition with a rate of change in cognition during a 10-year follow-up period. Polygenic predisposition was measured with polygenic scores for general cognition (GC-PGS). Cognition was measured employing tests for verbal memory and semantic fluency.ResultsThe average baseline memory score was 11.1 (s.d.= 2.9) and executive function score was 21.5 (s.d.= 5.8). An increase in GC-PGS by one standard deviation (1-s.d.) was associated with a higher baseline verbal memory by an average 0.27 points (95% CI 0.19–0.34,p< 0.001). Similarly, 1-s.d.increase in GC-PGS was associated with a higher semantic fluency score at baseline in the entire sample (β= 0.45, 95% CI 0.27–0.64,p< 0.001). These associations were significant for women and men, and all age groups. Nonetheless, 1-s.d.increase in GC-PGS was not associated with decreases in verbal memory nor semantic fluency during follow-up in the entire sample, as well stratified models by sex and age.ConclusionAlthough common genetic variants associated with general cognition additively are associated with a stable surplus to cognition in adults, a polygenic predisposition to general cognition is not associated with age-related cognitive decline during a 10-year follow-up.
Evolution of impulsivity levels in relation to early cannabis use in violent patients in the early phase of psychosis
Authors: Dan-Glauser Elise , Framorando David , Solida-Tozzi Alessandra , Golay Philippe , Gholam M. Mehdi , Alameda Luis , Conus Philippe , Moulin Valerie 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundPrevention of violent behaviors (VB) in the early phase of psychosis (EPP) is a real challenge. Impulsivity was shown to be strongly related to VB, and different evolutions of impulsivity were noticed along treatments. One possible variable involved in the relationship between VB and the evolution of impulsivity is cannabis use (CU). The high prevalence of CU in EPP and its relationship with VB led us to investigate: 1/the impact of CU and 2/the impact of early CU on the evolution of impulsivity levels during a 3-year program, in violent and non-violent EPP patients.Methods178 non-violent and 62 violent patients (VPs) were followed-up over a 3 year period. Age of onset of CU was assessed at program entry and impulsivity was assessed seven times during the program. The evolution of impulsivity level during the program, as a function of the violent and non-violent groups of patients and CU precocity were analyzed with linear mixed-effects models.ResultsOver the treatment period, impulsivity level did not evolve as a function of the interaction between group and CU (coef. = 0.02, p = 0.425). However, when including precocity of CU, impulsivity was shown to increase significantly only in VPs who start consuming before 15 years of age (coef. = 0.06, p = 0.008).ConclusionThe precocity of CU in VPs seems to be a key variable of the negative evolution of impulsivity during follow-up and should be closely monitored in EPP patients entering care since they have a higher risk of showing VB.
Publishing fast and slow: A path toward generalizability in psychology and AI
Authors: Lampinen Andrew K. , Chan Stephanie C. Y. , Santoro Adam , Hill Felix 
Published: February 2022

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) shares many generalizability challenges with psychology. But the fields publish differently. AI publishes fast, through rapid preprint sharing and conference publications. Psychology publishes more slowly, but creates integrative reviews and meta-analyses. We discuss the complementary advantages of each strategy, and suggest that incorporating both types of strategies could lead to more generalizable research in both fields.
Co-research with older people: a systematic literature review
Authors: James Hayley , Buffel Tine 
Published: February 2022

AbstractInterest in co-research with older adults has grown in the past 20 years, yet few published studies have addressed why and how older people have been involved as partners in research. This article presents a systematic review of the literature, examining the aims and challenges of co-research and the ways in which older adults can be involved in research. Systematic searches covering several databases were conducted, yielding a total of 3,293 articles, with 27 papers reviewed which involved older people as co-researchers across more than one stage of the research cycle. We find that co-research with older people offers improved understandings of the issues facing older people; more inclusive and responsive policy, practice and service design; and opportunities for co-researchers to develop new skills whilst giving voice to marginalised groups of older people. The analysis highlights the different ways in which older adults can be involved across phases of research, and identifies ethical, methodological and practical challenges encountered in the process. Involving older adults as co-researchers, while labour intensive and practically challenging, holds promise as an underdeveloped resource for social gerontology, as well as older people themselves. The paper identifies four pathways for improving and extending co-research: developing diversified structures of involvement, supporting co-researchers, embedding research rigour and ensuring co-ownership of change.
Can We Improve the Realism of Gravity Wave Parameterizations by Imposing Sources at All Altitudes in the Atmosphere?
Authors: Ribstein B. , Millet C. , Lott F. , de la Cámara A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA multiwave non‐orographic gravity wave (GW) scheme is adapted to represent waves of small intrinsic phase speed, inertial waves, and wave emission from all altitudes. This last change removes the launching altitude parameter, an arbitrary parameter systematically used in GW schemes. In offline calculations using reanalysis fields, these changes impose larger amplitude, saturated waves everywhere in the middle atmosphere, which produces more realistic GW vertical spectra than in previous configurations. The same scheme, tested online in the Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique Zoom (LMDz) general circulation model, performs at least as well as the operational non‐orographic GW scheme. Some modest benefits are seen, for instance, in the equatorial tilt with altitude of the winter jets in the middle atmosphere. Although the scheme includes the effects of inertial waves, which are detected in the mesosphere by different observational platforms, the configuration that gives a reasonable climatology in LMDz hinders their vertical propagation and limits their presence at mesospheric altitudes.
Last Millennium ENSO Diversity and North American Teleconnections: New Insights From Paleoclimate Data Assimilation
Authors: Luo Xinyue , Dee Sylvia , Stevenson Samantha , Okumura Yuko , Steiger Nathan , Parsons Luke 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEl Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variability affects year‐to‐year changes in North American hydroclimate. Extra‐tropical teleconnections are not always consistent between El Niño events due to stochastic atmospheric variability and diverse sea surface temperature anomalies, making it difficult to quantify teleconnections using only instrumentally‐based records. Here we use two paleoclimate data assimilation (DA) products spanning the Last Millennium (LM) to compare changes in amplitudes and frequencies of diverse El Niño events during the pre‐industrial period and 20th century, and to assess the stationarity of their North American hydroclimate impacts on multi‐decadal to centennial timescales. Using several definitions for Central Pacific (CP) and Eastern Pacific (EP) El Niño, we find a marked increase in 20th century EP El Niño intensity, but no significant changes in CP or EP El Niño frequencies in response to anthropogenic forcing. The associated hydroclimate anomalies indicate (a) dry conditions across the eastern‐central and northwestern U.S. during CP El Niño and wetter conditions in the same regions during EP El Niño; (b) wet conditions over the southwestern U.S. for both El Niño types. The magnitude of regional hydroclimate teleconnections also shows large natural variability on multi‐decadal to centennial timescales. However, when the entire LM is considered, mean hydroclimate anomalies in North America during CP or EP El Niño are consistent in terms of sign (wet vs. dry). Results are sensitive to proxy data and model priors used in DA products. Inconsistencies between El Niño classification methods underscore the need for improved ENSO diversity classification when assessing precipitation teleconnections.
Impact of Common Reflecting and Absorbing Building Materials on THz Multipath Channels
Authors: Gomez‐Ponce Jorge , Abbasi Naveed A. , Kondaveti Revanth , Kumar Ashish , Abu‐Surra Shadi , Xu Gary , Zhang Charlie , Molisch Andreas F. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTHz band communication has the potential to meet the high data rate demands of many current and future applications. However, before these networks are realized, extensive channel measurements are needed in order to characterize the wireless channel at these frequencies, in order to inform system design and deployment. In the current paper, we present a set of double‐directional channel measurements that are conducted in several relevant indoor and outdoor scenarios. Our aim is to see the effect of common building materials that might be particularly reflective or absorptive (such as energy‐saving glass, window blinds, or metallic reflectors), and how their presence changes the channel characteristics. Among other effects we find that ‐ depending on the considered dynamic range ‐ presence/absence of these materials can increase the required equalizer length by an order of magnitude.
Sociodemographic trends in a UK temporomandibular joint disorder clinic
Authors: Camfield Daniel , Wilson Claire L. , Loescher Alison 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroduction Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are a common source of facial pain, resulting from an interaction of biopsychosocial factors. However, social risk factors related to TMD have been researched very little, particularly in patients attending a tertiary care service.Aims To review sociodemographic trends among patients referred to a UK tertiary TMD clinic for specialist management. To provide an insight into the sociodemographic risk factors associated with TMD in patients referred for specialist input and to discuss the surrounding literature.Methods Retrospective review of notes of patients referred to a UK tertiary TMD clinic. Trends in areas of deprivation from which patients came from were quantified into deciles using the English Multiple Indices of Deprivation.Results The mean age of patients was 41.1 years, with women being overrepresented compared to men. Most patients were referred by their general dental practitioner, although a variety of secondary care specialties also referred to this service. A disproportionate number of patients came from the highest decile of deprivation, a trend seen throughout the entire sample and in patients seen by dental professionals specifically. There was no apparent association between this and longer symptom duration.Conclusion Women and those from areas with the highest levels of deprivation were overrepresented in this tertiary clinic setting. Dentists should maintain an awareness of the risk factors for TMD development as well as those which may complicate its management in cases requiring specialist input.
A mammalian methylation array for profiling methylation levels at conserved sequences
Authors: Arneson Adriana , Haghani Amin , Thompson Michael J. , Pellegrini Matteo , Kwon Soo Bin , Vu Ha , Maciejewski Emily , Yao Mingjia , Li Caesar Z. , Lu Ake T. , Morselli Marco , Rubbi Liudmilla , Barnes Bret , Hansen Kasper D. , Zhou Wanding , Breeze Charles E. , Ernst Jason , Horvath Steve 
Published: February 2022

AbstractInfinium methylation arrays are not available for the vast majority of non-human mammals. Moreover, even if species-specific arrays were available, probe differences between them would confound cross-species comparisons. To address these challenges, we developed the mammalian methylation array, a single custom array that measures up to 36k CpGs per species that are well conserved across many mammalian species. We designed a set of probes that can tolerate specific cross-species mutations. We annotate the array in over 200 species and report CpG island status and chromatin states in select species. Calibration experiments demonstrate the high fidelity in humans, rats, and mice. The mammalian methylation array has several strengths: it applies to all mammalian species even those that have not yet been sequenced, it provides deep coverage of conserved cytosines facilitating the development of epigenetic biomarkers, and it increases the probability that biological insights gained in one species will translate to others.
Hyperuniformity and phase enrichment in vortex and rotor assemblies
Authors: Oppenheimer Naomi , Stein David B. , Zion Matan Yah Ben , Shelley Michael J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEnsembles of particles rotating in a two-dimensional fluid can exhibit chaotic dynamics yet develop signatures of hidden order. Such rotors are found in the natural world spanning vastly disparate length scales — from the rotor proteins in cellular membranes to models of atmospheric dynamics. Here we show that an initially random distribution of either driven rotors in a viscous membrane, or ideal vortices with minute perturbations, spontaneously self assemble into a distinct arrangement. Despite arising from drastically different physics, these systems share a Hamiltonian structure that sets geometrical conservation laws resulting in prominent structural states. We find that the rotationally invariant interactions isotropically suppress long-wavelength fluctuations — a hallmark of a disordered hyperuniform material. With increasing area fraction, the system orders into a hexagonal lattice. In mixtures of two co-rotating populations, the stronger population will gain order from the other and both will become phase enriched. Finally, we show that classical 2D point vortex systems arise as exact limits of the experimentally accessible microscopic membrane rotors, yielding a new system through which to study topological defects.
In vivo CRISPR screens reveal a HIF-1α-mTOR-network regulates T follicular helper versus Th1 cells
Authors: Huang Bonnie , Phelan James D. , Preite Silvia , Gomez-Rodriguez Julio , Johansen Kristoffer H. , Shibata Hirofumi , Shaffer Arthur L. , Xu Qin , Jeffrey Brendan , Kirby Martha , Anderson Stacie , Yang Yandan , Gossa Selamawit , McGavern Dorian B. , Staudt Louis M. , Schwartzberg Pamela L. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractT follicular helper (Tfh) cells provide signals to initiate and maintain the germinal center (GC) reaction and are crucial for the generation of robust, long-lived antibody responses, but how the GC microenvironment affects Tfh cells is not well understood. Here we develop an in vivo T cell-intrinsic CRISPR-knockout screen to evaluate Tfh and Th1 cells in an acute viral infection model to identify regulators of Tfh cells in their physiological setting. Using a screen of druggable-targets, alongside genetic, transcriptomic and cellular analyses, we identify a function of HIF-1α in suppressing mTORC1-mediated and Myc-related pathways, and provide evidence that VHL-mediated degradation of HIF-1α is required for Tfh development; an expanded in vivo CRISPR screen reveals multiple components of these pathways that regulate Tfh versus Th1 cells, including signaling molecules, cell-cycle regulators, nutrient transporters, metabolic enzymes and autophagy mediators. Collectively, our data serve as a resource for studying Tfh versus Th1 decisions, and implicate the VHL-HIF-1α axis in fine-tuning Tfh generation.
Comparative metabolomics with Metaboseek reveals functions of a conserved fat metabolism pathway in C. elegans
Authors: Helf Maximilian J. , Fox Bennett W. , Artyukhin Alexander B. , Zhang Ying K. , Schroeder Frank C. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractUntargeted metabolomics via high-resolution mass spectrometry can reveal more than 100,000 molecular features in a single sample, many of which may represent unidentified metabolites, posing significant challenges to data analysis. We here introduce Metaboseek, an open-source analysis platform designed for untargeted comparative metabolomics and demonstrate its utility by uncovering biosynthetic functions of a conserved fat metabolism pathway, α-oxidation, usingC. elegansas a model. Metaboseek integrates modules for molecular feature detection, statistics, molecular formula prediction, and fragmentation analysis, which uncovers more than 200 previously uncharacterized α-oxidation-dependent metabolites in an untargeted comparison of wildtype and α-oxidation-defectivehacl-1mutants. The identified metabolites support the predicted enzymatic function of HACL-1 and reveal that α-oxidation participates in metabolism of endogenous β-methyl-branched fatty acids and food-derived cyclopropane lipids. Our results showcase compound discovery and feature annotation at scale via untargeted comparative metabolomics applied to a conserved primary metabolic pathway and suggest a model for the metabolism of cyclopropane lipids.
The microbiome of the buffalo digestive tract
Authors: Tong Feng , Wang Teng , Gao Na L. , Liu Ziying , Cui Kuiqing , Duan Yiqian , Wu Sicheng , Luo Yuhong , Li Zhipeng , Yang Chengjian , Xu Yixue , Lin Bo , Yang Liguo , Pauciullo Alfredo , Shi Deshun , Hua Guohua , Chen Wei-Hua , Liu Qingyou 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBuffalo is an important livestock species. Here, we present a comprehensive metagenomic survey of the microbial communities along the buffalo digestive tract. We analysed 695 samples covering eight different sites in three compartments (four-chambered stomach, intestine, and rectum). We mapped ~85% of the raw sequence reads to 4,960 strain-level metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) and 3,255 species-level MAGs, 90% of which appear to correspond to new species. In addition, we annotated over 5.8 million nonredundant proteins from the MAGs. In comparison with the rumen microbiome of cattle, the buffalo microbiota seems to present greater potential for fibre degradation and less potential for methane production. Our catalogue of microbial genomes and the encoded proteins provides insights into microbial functions and interactions at distinct sites along the buffalo digestive tract.