bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fostering shared decision-making about prostate cancer screening among African American men patients and their primary care providers: a randomized behavioral clinical trial
Authors: Echeverri Margarita , Felder Kyazia , Anderson David , Apantaku Elora , Leung Patrick , Hoff Clare , Dennar Princess 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Prostate cancer is the third most prevalent cancer in the American population. Furthermore, the prognosis is worse in African American as there is increased morbidity and mortality associated with it.

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a new online method to educate the patient population regarding prostate cancer risk, diagnosis, treatments, and their decisions about whether to be screened for the early detection of prostate cancer.

Methods
Two hundred Black male patients are recruited from different clinical sites and randomized to either the control arm (usual care) or the intervention arm (educational program). We will compare the effectiveness of the intervention to see if patients are discussing the need of getting a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test, and the possible benefits and harms that may result of having or not having the test, with their primary care providers.

Discussion
Shared decision-making (SDM) is the current standard in most cancer-screening guidelines and also a standard of person-centered care. However, there is a lack of evidence-based approaches to improve decision quality in clinical settings and an increased ambiguity of applying SDM for PSA-based screening among Black men in primary care. Our proposal to evaluate a decisional-aid intervention and measure the actual application of SDM during clinical encounters has a high potential to advance the translation path of implementing shared decision-making in clinical settings and provide evidence of the applicability of the guideline in general.

Innovation and overall impact
Given the 2018 USPSTF updated guidelines recommending shared decision-making about PSA-based screening, the increased risk of prostate cancer mortality in Black men, the challenges of evidence-based decision-making due to the underrepresentation of Blacks in major randomized clinical trials, and implicit racial bias among primary care providers, the time is ripe for interventions to improve shared decision-making about prostate cancer screening in Black men. In this study, we address communication and knowledge gaps between Black men and their primary care providers. The intervention, if proven effective, can be readily scaled across primary care practices across the U.S. and may be adapted to other types of cancer where guidelines have included shared decision-making as well. Early detection of prostate cancer may decrease mortality and morbidity in the long term.
Effectiveness of promotion and support for physical activity maintenance post total hip arthroplasty—study protocol for a pragmatic, assessor-blinded, randomized controlled trial (the PANORAMA trial)
Authors: Bieler Theresa , Magnusson S. Peter , Siersma Volkert , Rinaldo Mie , Schmiegelow Morten Torrild , Beck Torben , Krifa Anne-Mette , Kjær Birgitte Hougs , Palm Henrik , Midtgaard Julie 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Total hip arthroplasty is considered an efficacious procedure for relieving pain and disability, but despite that objectively measured physical activity level remains unchanged compared to pre-surgery and is still considerably lower than that of a healthy age- and sex-matched population 6–12 months post-surgery. Since there is a graded relationship between physical activity level and functional performance, increasing physical activity may enhance the outcome of the procedure. This study aims to investigate whether promotion and support of physical activity initiated 3 months after total hip arthroplasty complementary to usual rehabilitation care can increase objective measured physical activity 6 months post-surgery.

Methods
The trial is designed as a pragmatic, parallel group, two-arm, assessor-blinded, superiority, randomized (1:1), controlled trial with post intervention follow-up 6 and 12 months after total hip arthroplasty. Home-dwelling, independent, and self-reliant patients with hip osteoarthritis are provisionally enrolled prior to surgery and re-screened about 2–3 months post-surgery to confirm eligibility. Baseline assessment is conducted 3 months post-surgery. Subsequently, patients (n=200) are randomized to either a 3-month, multimodal physical activity promotion/education intervention or control (no further attention). The intervention consists of face-to-face and telephone counselling, patient education material, pedometer, and step-counting journal. The primary outcome is objectively measured physical activity, specifically the proportion of patients that complete on average ≥8000 steps per day 6 months post-surgery. Secondary outcomes include core outcomes (i.e., physical function, pain, and patient global assessment) and health-related quality of life. Furthermore, we will explore the effect of the intervention on self-efficacy and outcome expectations (i.e., tertiary outcomes).

Discussion
By investigating the effectiveness of a pedometer-driven, face-to-face, and telephone-assisted counselling, behavior change intervention in complementary to usual rehabilitation, we hope to deliver applicable and generalizable knowledge to support physical activity after total hip arthroplasty and potentially enhance the outcome of the procedure.

Trial registration
www.clinicaltrials.govNCT04471532. Registered on July 15, 2020.
Evaluation of the recovery after heart surgery following preoperative supplementation with a combination of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate, l-arginine, and l-glutamine: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial
Authors: Norouzi Mona , Nadjarzadeh Azadeh , Maleki Majid , Khayyatzadeh Sayyed Saeid , Hosseini Saeid , Yaseri Mehdi , Fattahi Hamed 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
The preoperative period is a good time to improve nutrition status, compensate for nutrient deficiencies, and optimize immune function in patients’ underlying surgery. In some medical conditions, supplementation with a combination of l-glutamine (Gln), β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB), and l-arginine (Arg) had promising effects on improving recovery. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of supplementation with Gln/Arg/HMB in patients undergoing heart surgery.

Methods
This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 70 patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Participants were requested to consume 2 sachets of a combination of 7 g l-arginine, 7 g l-glutamine, and 1.5 g daily HMB or placebo 30 days before operation. At the baseline and end of the study, left ventricular ejection fraction and the serum levels of troponin, creatine phosphokinase (CPK), CPK-MB, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and bilirubin were measured. Also, the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, time of stay in hospital and intensive care unit (ICU), and postoperative complications were recorded after surgery.

Results
In total, 60 preoperative patients (30 in each group) with a mean age of 53.13 ± 14.35 years completed the study (attrition rate = 85.7%). Subjects in the Gln/Arg/HMB group had lower serum levels of CPK-MB (median [IQR] = 49 [39.75] vs. 83 [64.55]; P = 0.011), troponin (median [IQR] = 2.13 [1.89] vs. 4.34 [1.99]; P < 0.001), bilirubin (median [IQR] = 0.50 [0.20] vs. 0.40 [0.22]; P < 0.001), and SOFA score (median [IQR] = 2 [2] vs. 5 [2]; P < 0.001) at end of the study compared to the placebo. Also, the time of stay in the hospital (median [IQR] = 5 [1] vs. 6 [3]; P < 0.001) and ICU (median [IQR] = 2.50 [1.00] vs. 3.50 [1.50]; P = 0.002) was lower in the Gln/Arg/HMB group.

Conclusion
The present study showed that perioperative supplementation with a combination of Gln, Arg, and HMB enhances the recovery, reduces myocardial injury, and decreases the time of hospital and ICU stay in cardiac surgery patients. These results need to be confirmed in a larger trial.

Trial registration
IRCT.ir IRCT20120913010826N31. Registered on 13 October 2020.
A vegan diet improves insulin resistance in individuals with obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Peng , Zhao Ying , Chen Yan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
A vegan diet has benefits on weight reduction and on the parameters of glucose and lipid metabolism. This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the efficacy of plant-based diets on insulin resistance and blood lipids in patients with obesity.

Methods
PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched for available papers published up to March 2021. The primary outcome was insulin resistance which was assessed by Homeostasis Model Assessment Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), other metabolic parameters measures including the pre/post-diet changes in triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol. All analyses were performed using the random-effects model.

Results
Six studies (seven datasets) were included. Compared with baseline, the plant-based diet improved the HOMA-IR (SMD = 1.64, 95%CI 0.95, 2.33; I2 = 91.8%, Pheterogeneity < 0.001), total cholesterol (SMD = 2.51, 95% CI 0.88, 4.13; I2 = 98.0%, Pheterogeneity < 0.001), HDL-cholesterol (SMD = 1.55, 95% CI 0.66, 2.44; I2 = 92.0%, Pheterogeneity < 0.001), and LDL-cholesterol (SMD = 2.50, 95% CI 1.30, 3.70; I2 = 94.4%, Pheterogeneity < 0.001), but not the triglycerides (SMD = − 0.62, 95% CI − 1.92, 0.68; I2 = 97.8%, Pheterogeneity < 0.001). The sensitivity analyses showed that the results were robust.

Conclusions
In obese individuals with insulin resistance, a vegan diet improves insulin resistance and dyslipidemia, except for triglycerides.
JIB-04, a histone demethylase Jumonji C domain inhibitor, regulates phenotypic switching of vascular smooth muscle cells
Authors: He Yi , Yi Xin , Zhang Zihao , Luo Hanshen , Li Rui , Feng Xin , Fang Ze-Min , Zhu Xue-Hai , Cheng Wenlin , Jiang Ding-Sheng , Zhao Fang , Wei Xiang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundVascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotype switching is critical for neointima formation, which is the major cause of restenosis after stenting or coronary artery bypass grafting. However, the epigenetic mechanisms regulating phenotype switching of VSMCs, especially histone methylation, are not well understood. As a main component of histone lysine demethylases, Jumonji demethylases might be involved in VSMC phenotype switching and neointima formation.Methods and resultsA mouse carotid injury model and VSMC proliferation model were constructed to investigate the relationship between histone methylation of H3K36 (downstream target molecule of Jumonji demethylase) and neointima formation. We found that the methylation levels of H3K36 negatively correlated with VSMC proliferation and neointima formation. Next, we revealed that JIB-04 (a pan-inhibitor of the Jumonji demethylase superfamily) could increase the methylation levels of H3K36. Furthermore, we found that JIB-04 obviously inhibited HASMC proliferation, and a cell cycle assay showed that JIB-04 caused G2/M phase arrest in HASMCs by inhibiting the phosphorylation of RB and CDC2 and promoting the phosphorylation of CHK1. Moreover, JIB-04 inhibited the expression of MMP2 to suppress the migration of HASMCs and repressed the expression of contraction-related genes. RNA sequencing analysis showed that the biological processes associated with the cell cycle and autophagy were enriched by using Gene Ontology analysis after HASMCs were treated with JIB-04. Furthermore, we demonstrated that JIB-04 impairs autophagic flux by downregulating STX17 and RAB7 expression to inhibit the fusion of autophagosomes and lysosomes.ConclusionJIB-04 suppresses the proliferation, migration, and contractile phenotype of HASMCs by inhibiting autophagic flux, which indicates that JIB-04 is a promising reagent for the treatment of neointima formation.
Positive predictive value of ultrasound in correctly identifying an inguinal hernia: a single-centered retrospective pilot study
Authors: Ridha Heroo , de Vries Roelof P. H. , Nijholt Ingrid M. , Abbes Saskia , Boomsma Martijn F. , Nijveldt Robert J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objectives
To determine the clinical utility of preoperative ultrasound imaging for predicting an inguinal hernia in need of surgery. In addition, we aimed to identify factors associated with false positive (FP) ultrasound examinations.

Methods
In this retrospective pilot study, we included all 175 patients who underwent inguinal hernia surgery in our hospital in 2019 and of whom a positive preoperative ultrasound examination of the groin area was available. The positive predictive value (PPV) of the ultrasound examination was determined using inguinal hernia detected during surgery (yes/no) as golden standard. To identify possible predictive factors, we compared the characteristics of patients with a FP ultrasound with patients with a true positive (TP) ultrasound.

Results
PPV of ultrasound examinations to identify an inguinal hernia in need of surgery correctly was 90.9% (159/175). The patients with a FP ultrasound examination had a significantly higher body mass index (BMI) than the patients with a TP ultrasound examination (27.6 ± 4.2 vs 25.8 ± 2.3, p = 0.043).

Conclusions
With a false positive percentage of 9.1%, there is still room for improvement of preoperative diagnostic imaging. Studies with larger cohorts are necessary to establish prediction models that have the potential to reduce FP ultrasound results.
Insufficient S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase compromises the beneficial effect of diabetic BMSCs on diabetic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Wang Ying , Zhang Yuying , Chen Kegong , Liu Jie , Wu Donghong , Cheng Yao , Wang Hongjie , Li Yanbo 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Autologous stem cell therapy is a promising strategy for cardiovascular diseases including diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), but conclusions from clinical trials were compromised. We assumed that diabetes might induce the dysfunction of stem cells and thus limit its therapeutic effect. This study aimed to compare the effect of diabetes and nondiabetes-derived bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) transplantation on DCM and explored the potential mechanism.

Methods
Rats with diabetes were induced using high-fat diets and streptozotocin (STZ) injection. BMSCs harvested from diabetic and nondiabetic rats were infused into DCM rats, and the effects on the heart were identified by echocardiography and histopathology. The inhibition or overexpression of SAHH in nondiabetic and diabetic BMSCs was used to confirm its key role in stem cell activity and cardiac therapy.

Results
Compared with normal BMSCs, the therapeutic effects of diabetic rat-derived stem cells on improving cardiac function and adverse remodeling were significantly attenuated. In vitro, diabetic BMSCs had lower cell viability and paracrine function than nondiabetic BMSCs. It was further found that diabetic BMSCs had obvious mitochondrial oxidative stress damage and S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) accumulation due to S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (SAHH) deficiency. SAHH inhibition by adenosine dialdehyde (ADA) or shSAHH plasmid in normal BMSCs significantly reduced the favorable effects on endothelial cell proliferation and tube-forming capacity. In contrast, SAHH overexpression in diabetic BMSCs significantly improved cellular activity and paracrine function. Transplantation of BMSCs with SAHH overexpression improved cardiac adverse remodeling and angiogenesis. Activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway may be one of the key mechanisms of SAHH-mediated improvement of stem cell viability and cardiac repair.

Conclusions
Diabetes leads to compromised bioactivity and repair capacity of BMSCs. Our study suggests that SAHH activation may improve the cardioprotective effect of autologous transplantation of diabetes-derived BMSCs on patients with DCM.

Graphical abstract
Diabetes induced the inhibition of S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) expression and aging phenotype in BMSCs and thus decreased the cell viability and paracrine function. Compared with normal BMSCs, the therapeutic effects of diabetic rat-derived BMSCs on improving cardiac function and adverse remodeling were significantly attenuated. SAHH overexpression in diabetic BMSCs significantly rescued cellular function partly via activating Nrf2/HO-1 signal. Transplantation of diabetic BMSCs with SAHH overexpression improved angiogenesis and cardiac adverse remodeling in rats.
Effectiveness and safety of stem cell therapy for diabetic foot: a meta-analysis update
Authors: Sun Yuming , Zhao Jinhong , Zhang Lifang , Li Zhexuan , Lei Shaorong 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Diabetic foot (DF) is one of the most common and serious complications of diabetes mellitus (DM), which brings great psychological and economic pressure to patients. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of stem cells in the treatment of diabetic foot.

Methods
All relevant studies in Cochrane, Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and WanFang databases were systematically searched for meta-analysis. The outcomes consisted of ulcer or wound healing rate, amputation rate, new vessels, ankle–brachial index (ABI), transcutaneous oxygen pressure (TcPO2), pain-free walking distance, and rest pain score. Dichotomous outcomes were described as risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), while continuous data were presented as standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% CIs. Statistical analysis was performed with RevMan 5.3 software.

Results
A total of 14 studies with 683 participants were included in the meta-analysis. Meta-analysis showed that stem cell therapy was more effective than conventional therapy in terms of ulcer or wound healing rate [OR = 8.20 (5.33, 12.62)], improvement in lower extremity ischemia(new vessels) [OR = 16.48 (2.88, 94.18)], ABI [MD = 0.13 (0.04, 0.08)], TcO2[MD = 4.23 (1.82, 6.65)], pain-free walking distance [MD = 220.79 (82.10, 359.48)], and rest pain score [MD = − 1.94 (− 2.50, − 1.39)], while the amputation rate was significantly decreased [OR = 0.19 (0.10, 0.36)].

Conclusions
The meta-analysis of the current studies has shown that stem cells are significantly more effective than traditional methods in the treatment of diabetic foot and can improve the quality of life of patients after treatment. Future studies should conduct large-scale, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trials with high-quality long-term follow-up to demonstrate the most effective cell types and therapeutic parameters for the treatment of diabetic foot.
Identification of missing hierarchical relations in the vaccine ontology using acquired term pairs
Authors: Manuel Warren , Abeysinghe Rashmie , He Yongqun , Tao Cui , Cui Licong 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
The Vaccine Ontology (VO) is a biomedical ontology that standardizes vaccine annotation. Errors in VO will affect a multitude of applications that it is being used in. Quality assurance of VO is imperative to ensure that it provides accurate domain knowledge to these downstream tasks. Manual review to identify and fix quality issues (such as missing hierarchical is-a relations) is challenging given the complexity of the ontology. Automated approaches are highly desirable to facilitate the quality assurance of VO.

Methods
We developed an automated lexical approach that identifies potentially missing is-a relations in VO. First, we construct two types of VO concept-pairs: (1) linked; and (2) unlinked. Each concept-pair further derives an Acquired Term Pair (ATP) based on their lexical features. If the same ATP is obtained by a linked concept-pair and an unlinked concept-pair, this is considered to indicate a potentially missing is-a relation between the unlinked pair of concepts.

Results
Applying this approach on the 1.1.192 version of VO, we were able to identify 232 potentially missing is-a relations. A manual review by a VO domain expert on a random sample of 70 potentially missing is-a relations revealed that 65 of the cases were valid missing is-a relations in VO (a precision of 92.86%).

Conclusions
The results indicate that our approach is highly effective in identifying missing is-a relation in VO.
Radiofluorination of a highly potent ATM inhibitor as a potential PET imaging agent
Authors: Fraser Claudia Rose , Ajenjo Javier , Veal Mathew , Dias Gemma Marie , Chan Chung , O’Neill Edward , Destro Gianluca , Lau Doreen , Pacelli Anna , Gouverneur Veronique , Hueting Rebekka , Cornelissen Bart 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) is a key mediator of the DNA damage response, and several ATM inhibitors (ATMi) are currently undergoing early phase clinical trials for the treatment of cancer. A radiolabelled ATMi to determine drug pharmacokinetics could assist patient selection in a move towards more personalised medicine. The aim of this study was to synthesise and investigate the first 18F-labelled ATM inhibitor [18F]1 for non-invasive imaging of ATM protein and ATMi pharmacokinetics.

Methods
Radiofluorination of a confirmed selective ATM inhibitor (1) was achieved through substitution of a nitro-precursor with [18F]fluoride. Uptake of [18F]1 was assessed in vitro in H1299 lung cancer cells stably transfected with shRNA to reduce expression of ATM. Blocking studies using several non-radioactive ATM inhibitors assessed binding specificity to ATM. In vivo biodistribution studies were performed in wild-type and ATM-knockout C57BL/6 mice using PET/CT and ex vivo analysis. Uptake of [18F]1 in H1299 tumour xenografts was assessed in BALB/c nu/nu mice.

Results
Nitro-precursor 2 was synthesised with an overall yield of 12%. Radiofluorination of 2 achieved radiochemically pure [18F]1 in 80 ± 13 min with a radiochemical yield of 20 ± 13% (decay-corrected) and molar activities up to 79.5 GBq/μmol (n = 11). In vitro, cell-associated activity of [18F]1 increased over 1 h, and retention of [18F]1 dropped to 50% over 2 h. [18F]1 uptake did not correlate with ATM expression, but could be reduced significantly with an excess of known ATM inhibitors, demonstrating specific binding of [18F]1 to ATM. In vivo, fast hepatobiliary clearance was observed with tumour uptake ranging 0.13–0.90%ID/g after 1 h.

Conclusion
Here, we report the first radiofluorination of an ATM inhibitor and its in vitro and in vivo biological evaluations, revealing the benefits but also some limitations of 18F-labelled ATM inhibitors.
A guideline proposal for mice preparation and care in 18F-FDG PET imaging
Authors: Ribeiro F. M. , Correia P. M. M. , Santos A. C. , Veloso J. F. C. A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe experimental outcomes of small-animal positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with 18F-labelled fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) can be particularly compromised by animal preparation and care. Several works intend to improve research reporting and amplify the quality and reliability of published research. Though these works provide valuable information to plan and conduct animal studies, manuscripts describe different methodologies—standardization does not exist. Consequently, the variation in details reported can explain the difference in the experimental results found in the literature. Additionally, the resources and guidelines defining protocols for small-animal imaging are scarce, making it difficult for researchers to obtain and compare accurate and reproducible data. Considering the selection of suitable procedures key to ensure animal welfare and research improvement, this paper aims to prepare the way for a future guideline on mice preparation and care for PET imaging with 18F-FDG. For this purpose, a global standard protocol was created based on recommendations and good practices described in relevant literature.