bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals regional specialization of gene expression in larval silkworm (Bombyx mori) midgut
Authors: Shen Yunwang , Zeng Xiaoqun , Chen Guanping , Wu Xiaofeng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractInsect midgut plays a central role in food digestion and nutrition absorption. Larval silkworm midgut could be divided into 3 distinct regions based on their morphological colors. However, it remains rudimentary of regional gene expression and physiological function in larval silkworm midgut. Through transcriptome sequencing of 3 midgut compartments, a comprehensive analysis of gene expression atlas along the anterior–posterior axis was conducted. Posterior midgut was found transcriptionally divergent from anterior and middle midgut. Differentially expressed gene analysis revealed the regional specialization of digestive enzyme production, transmembrane transport, chitin metabolism, and hormone regulation in different midgut regions. In addition, gene subsets of pan‐midgut and region‐specific transcription factors (TFs) along the length of midgut were also identified. The results suggested that homeobox TFs might play an essential role in transcriptional variations across the midgut. Altogether, our study provided the first fundamental resource to investigate physiological function and regulation mechanism in larval midgut compartmentalization.
The effect of the diet of nitrogen‐free analogs of essential amino acids on chronic kidney disease deterioration: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Yang Wenjuan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionWe performed a meta‐analysis to evaluate the effect of the diet of nitrogen‐free analogs of essential amino acids on chronic kidney disease deterioration.MethodsA systematic literature search up‐to September 2021 was done and 14 studies included 1574 subjects with chronic kidney disease at the start of the study; 786 of them had the very low‐protein diets supplemented with nitrogen‐free analogs and 788 had the conventional low‐protein diet.ResultsVery low‐protein diet supplemented with nitrogen‐free analogs had significantly higher estimated glomerular filtration rate, lower serum creatinine, and lower blood urea nitrogen; however, it had no significant difference in serum albumin, serum cholesterol, serum phosphorous, serum calcium, and parathyroid hormone compared to conventional low‐protein diet in subjects with chronic kidney disease.ConclusionThe very low‐protein diets supplemented with nitrogen‐free analogs had significantly better kidney functions results compared to the conventional low‐protein diets in subjects with chronic kidney disease. Further studies are required to validate these findings.
Can HR adapt to the paradoxes of artificial intelligence?
Authors: Charlwood Andy , Guenole Nigel 
Published: January 2022

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) is widely heralded as a new and revolutionary technology that will transform the world of work. While the impact of AI on human resource (HR) and people management is difficult to predict, the article considers potential scenarios for how AI will affect our field. We argue that although popular accounts of AI stress the risks of bias and unfairness, these problems are eminently solvable. However, the way that the AI industry is currently constituted and wider trends in the use of technology for organising work mean that there is a significant risk that AI use will degrade the quality of work. Viewing different scenarios through a paradox lens, we argue that both positive and negative visions of the future are likely to coexist. The HR profession has a degree of agency to shape the future if it chooses to use it; HR professionals need to develop the skills to ensure that ethics and fairness are at the centre of AI development for HR and people management.
Effects and mechanism of sucrose on retrogradation, freeze–thaw stability, and texture of corn starch–tamarind seed polysaccharide complexes
Authors: Xie Fan , Zhang Hui , Xiong Zhiqiang , Wu Yan , Ai Lianzhong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this work, we investigated the effects of sucrose (0%–30%, w/w) on the pasting properties, retrogradation, freeze–thaw stability, texture, and the possible interaction with corn starch–tamarind seed polysaccharide (CS–TSP) mixtures. Sucrose increased the gelatinization temperature (from 76.4 ± 0.1 to 87.6 ± 0.0°C), peak viscosity (from 3358.0 ± 1.4 to 7732.5 ± 44.5 cP), and final viscosity (from 3514.0 ± 31.1 to 7724.5 ± 142.1 cP) of CS–TSP mixtures. Further, sucrose limited the increase in the storage modulus of the mixture pastes, transfer of bound water to free water, and water syneresis during the freeze–thaw process. Additionally, sucrose resulted in a more complete gel structure with stronger resistance. Scanning electron microscope and fluorescence labeling analysis showed that the presence of sucrose helped in tight entanglement or cross‐link between amylose or between amylose and TSP. Thus, these results in this study could help to improve physicochemical properties of starch‐based products, such as glue pudding and other starch desserts.
Radio frequency heating of green peas (Pisum sativum L.): The improvement of heating uniformity and its dry blanching effect
Authors: Zhang Caiyue , Dong Yuehan , Sun Yanan , Liu Yang , Wang Yequn , Fu Hongfei , Chen Xiangwei , Wang Yunyang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA radio frequency (RF) heating system was used to process green peas and a rotating system was introduced to improve heating rate and heating uniformity. Results revealed that rotation treatment accelerated heating rate effectively and improved heating uniformity index significantly (p < 0.05) from 0.175 (0 rpm, 55°C) to 0.029 (60 rpm, 55°C). After being treated with RF and traditional hot water blanching at 85°C, the residual lipoxygenase activities of green peas were 1.90 ± 0.71% and 35.51 ± 5.25%, respectively, confirming RF possessed better blanching efficiency. Meanwhile, weight loss, electrolyte leakage rate, color, and texture of green peas all had significant changes (p < 0.05) through RF heating.Practical ApplicationA rotation device can effectively improve heating uniformity of RF electromagnetic heating. The rotation device could be expanded or further developed into continuous feeding conveying device for industrial production.
Enhanced thermal stability of anthocyanins through natural polysaccharides from Angum gum and cress seed gum
Authors: Gharanjig Hamid , Iri Marjan , Hosseinnezhad Mozhgan , Gharanjig Kamaladin , Jafari Seid Mahdi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEnhanced thermal stability of anthocyanins from black barberry was obtained using an optimum concentration of Angum gum (AG) and cress seed gum (CSG). To this goal initially, the phytochemical characteristics, and the thermal stability of purified and non‐purified anthocyanins were investigated to perceive the effect of the purification process. Then the effect of each gum and its concentration was evaluated on the thermal degradation kinetics of anthocyanins. Results demonstrated that both gums enhanced the thermal stability of anthocyanins, while CSG had a superior effect. Findings also revealed that the half‐life of anthocyanin was increased at 60°C from 366 ± 22.8 to 432 ± 4.2 and 636 ± 52.8 min in presence of AG and CSG, respectively. TGA results confirmed that the presence of SF‐AG and CSG in their optimum concentration enhanced the heat stability of anthocyanin extract. Also, physical molecular bondings were confirmed by the FTIR spectrums where some peaks attributed to both of the extract and the gums were shifted. Plateau or flake‐like micro‐particles were detected by SEM which correspond with the most freeze‐dried microcapsules.Practical ApplicationThe results of this study may contribute to the enhanced thermal stability of anthocyanins from barberry that can be used as a coloring agent in beverage and food systems. Moreover, it can be used in preparation of natural nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals.
Normal rice flours perform better in gluten‐free bread than glutinous rice flours
Authors: Gui Yijie , Chen Gengjun , Tian Wenfei , Yang Shaohua , Chen Jianmin , Wang Feng , Li Yonghui 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study aims to determine gluten‐free bread‐making potential of different types of rice, particularly comparing normal rice versus glutinous rice flours. Proximate and chemical compositions, hydration, and dough mixing and pasting properties of ten rice cultivars (i.e., seven types of normal rice and three types of glutinous rice), and quality parameters (specific volume, texture profile, and crumb structure) of gluten‐free bread from these flours were assessed. Significant differences were observed in flour properties among different types of rice. Significant correlations were observed between bread specific volume and rice amylose content (r = 0.91, p < 0.01), as well as pasting peak time (r = 0.86, p < 0.01) and final viscosity (r = 0.77, p < 0.01). Further, strong correlations were observed between bread resilience and properties of rice flour, such as amylose content (r = 0.91, p < 0.01), pasting peak viscosity (r = 0.83, p < 0.01), and final viscosity (r = 0.93, p < 0.01). In conclusion, the normal rice types exhibited much better gluten‐free bread‐making performances than glutinous flour. Important parameters of rice flour determining its gluten‐free bread‐making properties include amylose content, water retention capacity, and pasting properties.Practical ApplicationCompared with glutenous rice flour, normal rice flour leads to more viscous paste and gluten‐free breads with larger volume, evener texture, and better resilience. This study provides guidance for practical uses of rice flours in improving gluten‐free dough and bread quality.
Test of communication between potato plants in response to herbivory by the Colorado potato beetle
Authors: Abdala‐Roberts Luis , Vázquez‐González Carla , Rasmann Sergio , Moreira Xoaquín 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Plant communication via airborne volatile organic compounds is a widespread phenomenon by which volatile organic compounds from damaged plants boost herbivore resistance in receiver plants. This phenomenon has been studied only in a handful of crop species.
We tested for communication between potato (Solanum tuberosum) plants in response to herbivory by the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata. For this, we performed a greenhouse experiment with 15 potato varieties for which we caged pairs of plants (i.e., emitters and receivers) of the same variety. Half of the emitter plants were subjected to leaf damage by beetle larvae and the other half remained intact. We collected volatile organic compounds from emitter plants and estimated L. decemlineata damage on receivers.
We found no evidence of quantitative (total production) or qualitative (compound composition) changes in volatile organic compound emissions due to beetle herbivory. In addition, the leaf damage treatment on emitters had no significant effect on receiver herbivore resistance, suggesting no communication between infested and non‐infested potato plants in response to Colorado potato beetle damage.
Overall, this study provides baseline information on airborne signalling (or the lack of thereof) in potato plants which can inform subsequent work that identifies airborne volatiles with potentially strong effects on priming or defence induction.
Excess of cesarean births in pregnant women with COVID‐19: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Omar Mahmoud , Youssef Mohanad R. , Trinh Lily N. , Attia Abdallah S. , Elshazli Rami M , Jardak Christina L , Farhoud Ashraf S , Hussein Mohammad H , Shihabi Areej , Elnahla Ahmed , Zora Ghassan , Abdelgawad Mohamed , Munshi Ruhul , Aboueisha Mohamed , Toraih Eman A. , Fawzy Manal S , Kandil Emad 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundStudies have suggested that cesarean birth in pregnant women with COVID‐19 may decrease maternal adverse events and perinatal transmission. This systematic review aimed to evaluate variations in clinical presentation, laboratory findings, and maternal/neonatal outcomes in COVID‐19 patients who delivered vaginally versus via cesarean.MethodsA comprehensive search following PRISMA guidelines was performed for studies published up to May 23, 2020, using PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane, Science Direct, and clinicaltrials.gov. Original retrospective and prospective studies, case reports, or case series with sufficient data for estimating the association of COVID‐19 with different pregnancy outcomes with no language restriction and published in peer‐reviewed journals were included. Pooled mean and arcsine transformation proportions were applied. Next, a two‐arm meta‐analysis was performed comparing the perinatal outcomes between the study groups.ResultsForty‐two studies with a total of 602 pregnant women with COVID‐19 were included. The mean age was 31.8 years. Subgroup analysis showed that Americans had the lowest gestational age (mean = 32.7, 95%CI = 27.0‐38.4, P < 0.001) and the highest incidence of maternal ICU admission (95%CI = 0.45%‐2.20, P < 0.001) of all nationalities in the study. There was no significant difference in perinatal complications, premature rupture of membrane, placenta previa/accreta, or gestational hypertension/pre‐eclampsia between women who delivered vaginally versus by cesarean. Importantly, there were also no significant differences in maternal or neonatal outcomes.ConclusionVaginal delivery was not associated with worse maternal or neonatal outcomes when compared with cesarean. The decision to pursue a cesarean birth should be based on standard indications, not COVID‐19 status.
Implementation strategies within a complex environment: A qualitative study of a shared decision‐making intervention during childbirth
Authors: Spigel Lauren , Plough Avery , Paterson Victoria , West Rebecca , Jurczak Amanda , Henrich Natalie , Gullo Susan , Corrigan Brett , Patterson Pam , Short Trisha , Early Lisa , Bridges Margie , Pesek Elizabeth , Pizzitola Marianne , Davis Dianna , Kirby Keri , Borduz Christina , Shah Neel , Weiseth Amber 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundShared decision‐making (SDM) may improve communication, teamwork, patient experience, respectful maternity care, and safety during childbirth. Despite these benefits, SDM is not widely implemented, and strategies for implementing SDM interventions are not well described. We assessed the acceptability and feasibility of TeamBirth, an SDM solution that centers the birthing person in decision‐making through simple tools that structure communication among the care team. We identified and described implementation strategies that bridge the gap between knowledge and practice.MethodsWe conducted a qualitative study among four hospitals in the United States to understand the acceptability and feasibility of TeamBirth. We interviewed 103 clinicians and conducted 16 focus group discussions with 52 implementers between June 2018 and October 2019. We drew on the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research to understand acceptability and feasibility, and to identify and describe the underlying contextual factors that affected implementation.ResultsWe found that clinicians and implementers valued TeamBirth for promoting clarity about care plans among the direct care team and for centering the birthing person in decision‐making. Contextual factors that affected implementation included strength of leadership, physician practice models, and quality improvement culture. Effective implementation strategies included regular data feedback and adapting “flexible” components of TeamBirth to the local context.DiscussionBy identifying and describing TeamBirth's contextual factors and implementation strategies, our findings can help bridge the implementation gap of SDM interventions. Our in‐depth analysis offers tangible lessons for other labor and delivery unit leaders as they seek to integrate SDM practices in their own settings.
Assessment of quantitative polymerase chain reaction for BCR–ABL1 transcripts in chronic myeloid leukaemia: Are improved outcomes in patients with e14a2 transcripts an artefact of technology?
Authors: Dominy Katherine M. , Claudiani Simone , O’Hare Matthew , Szydlo Richard , Gerrard Gareth , Foskett Pierre , Foroni Letizia , Milojkovic Dragana , Apperley Jane F. , Khorashad Jamshid 
Published: January 2022

SummaryThe clinical outcome of chronic myeloid leukaemia patients has vastly improved since the introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment, with a significant proportion of patients able to achieve treatment‐free remission. However, studies have shown that patients with the e13a2 transcript were less likely to achieve major molecular response compared to those with e14a2 transcripts. Most quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays for detection of the BCR–ABL1 fusion gene do not differentiate between the two transcripts and we therefore hypothesised that technical bias linked to the qPCR assay could partially explain the discrepancy in outcomes. We designed an e14a2‐specific assay and identified no difference in results compared to an e13a2 standard assay. We then demonstrated that the commercial e14a2 standards were causing a significant overestimation of the e13a2 transcripts. Finally, we reviewed patient management after the qPCR values were corrected, using our new evaluation. We concluded that despite statistically significant differences in qPCR results, there was no impact on patient management or outcome. We conclude that, at least in our institution, it would be inappropriate to perform separate assays for patients with e13a2 or e14a2.
5‐HT3A receptors maintain hippocampal LTP in a CB1 and GABAA receptor‐ dependent manner for spatial memory
Authors: Yu Yan , Li Jing‐Jing , He Xiao‐Qian , Lai Zi‐Ying , Hao Rui , Qi Yu , Cao Dong‐Qing , Fu Ming , Ma Hong , Xie Qiu‐Chen , Sun Mu , Huang Zhi‐Li , Jin Ling‐Jing , Sun Hui‐hui , Lu Ning , Wang Rui , Yung Wing‐Ho , Huang Ying 
Published: January 2022

Background and PurposeAs the only ionotropic receptor in the 5‐HT receptor family, the 5‐HT3 receptor (5‐HT3R) is involved in psychiatric disorders and its modulators have potential therapeutic effects for cognitive impairment in these disorders. However, it remains unclear how 5‐HT3Rs shape synaptic plasticity for memory function.Experimental ApproachExtracellular as well as whole‐cell electrophysiological recordings were used to monitor hippocampal LTP and synaptic transmission in hippocampal slices in 5‐HT3AR knockout or 5‐HT3AR‐GFP mice. Immunocytochemistry, qRT‐PCR and western blotting were used to measure receptor expression. We also assessed hippocampal dependent cognition and memory, using the Morris water maze (MWM) and novel object recognition.Key ResultsWe found that 5‐HT3R dysfunction impaired hippocampal LTP in Schaffer collateral (SC)‐CA1 pathway in hippocampal slices, by facilitating GABAergic inputs in pyramidal cells. This effect was dependent on 5‐HT3Rs on axon terminals. It resulted from reduced expression and function of the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R) co‐localized with 5‐HT3Rs on axon terminals, and then led to diminishment of tonic inhibition of GABA release by CB1Rs. Inhibition of CB1Rs mimicked the facilitation of GABAergic transmission by 5‐HT3R disruption. Consequently, mice with hippocampal 5‐HT3R disruption exhibited impaired spatial memory in MWM tasks.Conclusion and ImplicationsThese results suggest that 5‐HT3Rs are crucial in enabling hippocampal synaptic plasticity via a novel CB1R‐GABAA‐dependent pathway to regulate spatial memory.
Vaccination in pediatric solid organ transplant: A primer for the immunizing clinician
Authors: Chen Justin K. , Cheng Jennifer , Liverman Rochelle , Serluco Anastacia , Corbo Heather , Yildirim Inci 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPediatric solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients are at a uniquely elevated risk for vaccine preventable illness (VPI) secondary to a multitude of factors including incomplete immunization at the time of transplant, inadequate response to vaccines with immunosuppression, waning antibody titers observed post‐SOT, and uncertainty among providers on the correct immunization schedule to utilize post‐SOT. Multiple guidelines are in existence from the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the American Society of Transplantation, which require use in adjunct with additional published references. We summarize the present state of SOT vaccine recommendations from relevant resources in tandem with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices guidance utilizing both routine and rapid catch‐up schedules. The purpose of this all‐inclusive review is to provide improved clarity on the most optimal pre‐ and post‐transplant vaccine management within a one‐stop‐shop for the immunizing clinician.
The type of SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine influences serological response in kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Correia Ana Luísa , Leal Rita , Pimenta Ana Carolina , Fernandes Mariana , Guedes Marques Maria , Rodrigues Luís , Santos Lídia , Romãozinho Catarina , Sá Helena , Pratas Jorge , Araújo Lucília , Figueiredo Arnaldo , Alves Rui 
Published: January 2022

AbstractVaccination is a promising strategy to control the ongoing pandemic; however, solid organ recipients tend to develop a weaker immune response to vaccination. Anti‐spike SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies titers were measured 2–4 weeks post‐vaccination completion in 131 KT patients without previous infection. Demographic, clinical, and laboratorial parameters were analyzed to identify which factors contributed to seroconversion. Factors that influenced seroconversion, that occurred in 76 patients (58%), were longer time post‐transplant, immunosuppression without an antiproliferative drug and vaccination with mRNA vaccines. Patients who received mRNA vaccines had significantly higher rates of seroconversion compared with adenovirus vector vaccines (67% vs 33%, P < .001) and higher anti‐spike IgG titers.These findings reinforce the need to discuss the vaccination strategy in this population, including a third dose with a mRNA vaccine.
Postreperfusion syndrome in liver transplantation: Outcomes, predictors, and application for recipient selection
Authors: Bekki Yuki , Myers Bryan , Wang Ryan , Smith Natalie , Zerillo Jeron , Rocha Chiara , Tabrizian Parissa , Moon Jang , Arvelakis Antonios , Facciuto Marcelo E. , DeMaria Samuel , Florman Sander 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to identify risk factors for postreperfusion syndrome (PRS) and its impact on LT outcomes.MethodsData analysis was performed in 1021 adult patients undergoing donation after brain death (DBD) LT to identify PRS incidence, the risk factors for PRS development, and its impact on LT outcomes.ResultsThe overall incidence of PRS was 16.1%. Independent risk factors for PRS included donor age (odds ratio (OR) 1.01, P = .02), donor body mass index (BMI) (OR 1.04, P = .003), moderate macrosteatosis (OR 2.48, P = .02), and cold ischemia time (CIT) (OR 1.06, P = .02). On multivariable analysis for 30‐day graft failure, PRS (hazard ratio (HR) 3.49; P < .001) and Model for End‐stage Liver Disease (MELD) score (HR 1.01; P = .05) were independent risk factors. Patients were categorized into four distinct groups based on PRS risk groups and MELD groups, which showed different 1‐year graft survival (P < .001). There were comparable outcomes between low PRS risk ‐ high MELD and high PRS risk ‐ low MELD group (P = .33).ConclusionsDonor age, donor BMI, moderate macrosteatosis, and CIT were identified as risk factors for the development of PRS in LT using DBD grafts. PRS risk evaluation may improve donor‐to‐recipient matching based on their MELD scores.