bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and correlates of suicidal behaviours in a representative epidemiological youth sample in Hong Kong: the significance of suicide-related rumination, family functioning, and ongoing population-level stressors
Authors: Wong Stephanie M. Y. , Ip Charlie H. , Hui Christy L. M. , Suen Y. N. , Wong Corine S. M. , Chang W. C. , Chan Sherry K. W. , Lee Edwin H. M. , Lui Simon S. Y. , Chan K. T. , Wong Michael T. H. , Chen Eric Y. H. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundYoung people are most vulnerable to suicidal behaviours but least likely to seek help. A more elaborate study of the intrinsic and extrinsic correlates of suicidal ideation and behaviours particularly amid ongoing population-level stressors and the identification of less stigmatising markers in representative youth populations is essential.MethodsParticipants (n = 2540, aged 15–25) were consecutively recruited from an ongoing large-scale household-based epidemiological youth mental health study in Hong Kong between September 2019 and 2021. Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of suicidal ideation, plan, and attempt were assessed, alongside suicide-related rumination, hopelessness and neuroticism, personal and population-level stressors, family functioning, cognitive ability, lifetime non-suicidal self-harm, 12-month major depressive disorder (MDD), and alcohol use.ResultsThe 12-month prevalence of suicidal ideation, ideation-only (no plan or attempt), plan, and attempt was 20.0, 15.4, 4.6, and 1.3%, respectively. Importantly, multivariable logistic regression findings revealed that suicide-related rumination was the only factor associated with all four suicidal outcomes (all p < 0.01). Among those with suicidal ideation (two-stage approach), intrinsic factors, including suicide-related rumination, poorer cognitive ability, and 12-month MDE, were specifically associated with suicide plan, while extrinsic factors, including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) stressors, poorer family functioning, and personal life stressors, as well as non-suicidal self-harm, were specifically associated with suicide attempt.ConclusionsSuicide-related rumination, population-level COVID-19 stressors, and poorer family functioning may be important less-stigmatising markers for youth suicidal risks. The respective roles played by not only intrinsic but also extrinsic factors in suicide plan and attempt using a two-stage approach should be considered in future preventative intervention work.
Rediscovering Shanghai modern: Chinese cosmopolitanism and the urban art scene, 1912–1948
Authors: Zheng Jane , Zhang Sabrina P.Y. , Fan Zhen , Lin Hui , Leung Yuen-Sang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRepublican Shanghai was a renowned art capital. This article is based on a large-scale digital mapping project of the residential locations of 1,349 Shanghai artists. We analysed the transformative spatial distribution patterns of artists in relation to the city's social and urban conditions, and developed an artists’ habitation approach to elucidating the issues of Republican-period Shanghai urban and art history from the perspective of Chinese cosmopolitanism. We mapped areas of high artist concentration and identified a higher percentage of artists residing in the concessions (compared with the Shanghai general population) and the incremental convergence of art clusters in the concessions. We argue that the concessions provided a favourable environment for cultural diversity and the ungovernable, elite spirit of the literati tradition. The mainstream Shanghai art practices, known as haipai, were modern, as they were rooted in the urban modernity of the concessions and embodied Chinese cosmopolitanism.
Palmer amaranth control in furrow-irrigated rice with florpyrauxifen-benzyl
Authors: Beesinger James W. , Norsworthy Jason K. , Butts Thomas R. , Roberts Trenton L. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPalmer amaranth is a common weed on levees in rice fields but has become increasingly problematic with the adoption of furrow-irrigated rice and lack of an established flood. Florpyrauxifen-benzyl previously has been found effective for controlling Palmer amaranth in rice, but the efficacy of low rates of florpyrauxifen-benzyl and the effect of Palmer amaranth size on controlling it is unknown. The objective of this research was to determine the level of Palmer amaranth control expected with single and sequential applications of florpyrauxifen-benzyl at varying weed heights. The first study was conducted near Marianna, AR, in 2019 and 2020, to determine the effect of florpyrauxifen-benzyl rate on control of <10 cm (labeled size) and 28- to 32-cm-tall (larger-than-labeled size) Palmer amaranth. The second experiment was conducted in 2020 at two locations in Arkansas to compare single applications of florpyrauxifen-benzyl at low rates to sequential applications at the same rates with a 14-d interval on 20- and 40-cm-tall Palmer amaranth. Results revealed that florpyrauxifen-benzyl at 15 g ae ha−1 was as effective as 30 g ae ha−1 in controlling <10-cm-tall Palmer amaranth (92% and 95% mortality in 2019). Sequential applications of florpyrauxifen-benzyl at 8 g ae ha−1 were as effective as single or sequential applications at 30 g ae ha−1. However, no rate of florpyrauxifen-benzyl applied to 20- or 40-cm-tall Palmer amaranth was sufficient to provide season-long control of the weed, with the escaping female plants producing as many as 6,120 seed per plant following a single application.
Experimental Study of Wave Runup Variability on a Dissipative Beach
Authors: Li Chuan , Özkan‐Haller H. Tuba , Lomonaco Pedro , Maddux Timothy B. , García‐Medina Gabriel 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWave runup is an important process due to its effects on sediment transport and its role in coastal hazards. Despite decades of research on this topic, much uncertainty still exists in the estimation and prediction of runup. A recent numerical study has shown that there is appreciable variability in runup among wave groups on a dissipative beach due to sequencing of bichromatic waves and the resulting merging of bores. The current work further explores, in a highly controlled laboratory setting, runup variability due to wave sequencing. It is found that considerable runup variability exists among wave groups, and that this variability can differ greatly depending on the incident wave conditions. The observations suggest that the largest runup results from a higher number of bore merging events and involves a carrier wave that is positioned behind the infragravity wave crest, while the smallest runup results from a lower number of bore merging events and a carrier wave in front of the infragravity wave. A relationship is presented between runup variability and wave height, wave length, and the number of waves in a group. It is also found that an increase in runup variability is associated with an increase, at the first bore merging event, in the surface elevation at the crest of the carrier wave. Runup variability is also larger when the first bore merging event occurs further offshore, and when the local surface slope of the infragravity wave is higher.
Memory Effects in Salinity Profiles From Black Sea Sediments
Authors: Boudreau Bernard P. , Calvert Stephen , Kienast Markus 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe current saline state the Black Sea is only the latest of a series of freshening‐salinization episodes that have affected that body of water during past glacial‐interglacial cycles. Here, we model the salinity history of the basin and its sedimentary porewaters since the end of the penultimate saline period, variously thought to have occurred in the period between 128 and 65 Kyrs BP (Before Present). Our results argue that the down‐core salinity profiles of Black Sea Holocene sediments have been affected by upward diffusion of salt from the penultimate saline episode and possibly from residual salinity of the basin waters captured in the accumulating porewaters. Our retrodictions require that the Black Sea bottom waters be either fresh or weakly brackish (S ≤ 4), between 80 and 10 Kyrs BP. In addition, we find that the timing of the first deposition of the Holocene sapropel corresponds to the time when salty bottom waters first reached the surface waters, and we speculate that increased organic matter production was caused by the release of nutrients stored in the saline bottom water. Finally, using current salinity proxy data, we find that the porewater salinity profiles generated from these proxies do not match the observed interstitial profiles.
CircSCAF8 promotes growth and metastasis of prostate cancer through the circSCAF8-miR-140-3p/miR-335-LIF pathway
Authors: He Tao , Tao Wen , Zhang Lei-Lei , Wang Bang-Yu , Li Ke , Lu Hui-Min , Tang Guo-Jun , He Ya-Di , Li Liao-Yuan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCircular RNAs (circRNAs) have been increasingly linked to cancer progression. However, the detailed biological functions of circRNAs in prostate cancer (PCa) remain unclear. Using high-throughput circRNA sequencing, we previously identified 18 urine extracellular vesicle circRNAs that were increased in patients with PCa compared with those with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Spearman correlation analysis of the expression levels of the 18 circRNAs between the tumor tissue and matched urine extracellular vesicles in 30 PCa patients showed that circSCAF8 had the highest R2 (R2 = 0.635, P < 0.001). The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to estimate the effect of circSCAF8 on progression-free survival. The in vitro and in vivo functional experiments were implemented to investigate the effects of circSCAF8 on the phenotype of PCa. We found that the knockdown of circSCAF8 in PCa cells suppressed the proliferation, migration, and invasion ability, while overexpression of circSCAF8 had the opposite effects. Similar results were observed in vivo. In a cohort of 85 patients who had undergone radical prostatectomy, circSCAF8 expression in PCa tissues was a powerful predictor of progression-free survival (HR = 2.14, P = 0.022). Mechanistically, circSCAF8 can function by binding to both miR-140-3p and miR-335 to regulate LIF expression and activate the LIF-STAT3 pathway that leads to the growth and metastasis of PCa. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that circSCAF8 contributes to PCa progression through the circSCAF8-miR-140-3p/miR-335-LIF pathway.
A global comparison of building decarbonization scenarios by 2050 towards 1.5–2 °C targets
Authors: Camarasa Clara , Mata Érika , Navarro Juan Pablo Jiménez , Reyna Janet , Bezerra Paula , Angelkorte Gerd Brantes , Feng Wei , Filippidou Faidra , Forthuber Sebastian , Harris Chioke , Sandberg Nina Holck , Ignatiadou Sotiria , Kranzl Lukas , Langevin Jared , Liu Xu , Müller Andreas , Soria Rafael , Villamar Daniel , Dias Gabriela Prata , Wanemark Joel , Yaramenka Katarina 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBuildings play a key role in the transition to a low-carbon-energy system and in achieving Paris Agreement climate targets. Analyzing potential scenarios for building decarbonization in different socioeconomic contexts is a crucial step to develop national and transnational roadmaps to achieve global emission reduction targets. This study integrates building stock energy models for 32 countries across four continents to create carbon emission mitigation reference scenarios and decarbonization scenarios by 2050, covering 60% of today’s global building emissions. These decarbonization pathways are compared to those from global models. Results demonstrate that reference scenarios are in all countries insufficient to achieve substantial decarbonization and lead, in some regions, to significant increases, i.e., China and South America. Decarbonization scenarios lead to substantial carbon reductions within the range projected in the 2 °C scenario but are still insufficient to achieve the decarbonization goals under the 1.5 °C scenario.
Membrane curvature regulates the spatial distribution of bulky glycoproteins
Authors: Lu Chih-Hao , Pedram Kayvon , Tsai Ching-Ting , Jones Taylor , Li Xiao , Nakamoto Melissa L. , Bertozzi Carolyn R. , Cui Bianxiao 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe glycocalyx is a shell of heavily glycosylated proteins and lipids distributed on the cell surface of nearly all cell types. Recently, it has been found that bulky transmembrane glycoproteins such as MUC1 can modulate membrane shape by inducing membrane protrusions. In this work, we examine the reciprocal relationship of how membrane shape affects MUC1’s spatial distribution on the cell membrane and its biological significance. By employing nanopatterned surfaces and membrane-sculpting proteins to manipulate membrane curvature, we show that MUC1 avoids positively-curved membranes (membrane invaginations) and accumulates on negatively-curved membranes (membrane protrusions). MUC1’s curvature sensitivity is dependent on the length and the extent of glycosylation of its ectodomain, with large and highly glycosylated forms preferentially staying out of positive curvature. Interestingly, MUC1’s avoidance of positive membrane curvature enables it to escape from endocytosis and being removed from the cell membrane. These findings also suggest that the truncation of MUC1’s ectodomain, often observed in breast and ovarian cancers, may enhance its endocytosis and potentiate its intracellular accumulation and signaling.
Macrophages disseminate pathogen associated molecular patterns through the direct extracellular release of the soluble content of their phagolysosomes
Authors: Greene Catherine J. , Nguyen Jenny A. , Cheung Samuel M. , Arnold Corey R. , Balce Dale R. , Wang Ya Ting , Soderholm Adrian , McKenna Neil , Aggarwal Devin , Campden Rhiannon I. , Ewanchuk Benjamin W. , Virgin Herbert W. , Yates Robin M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRecognition of pathogen-or-damage-associated molecular patterns is critical to inflammation. However, most pathogen-or-damage-associated molecular patterns exist within intact microbes/cells and are typically part of non-diffusible, stable macromolecules that are not optimally immunostimulatory or available for immune detection. Partial digestion of microbes/cells following phagocytosis potentially generates new diffusible pathogen-or-damage-associated molecular patterns, however, our current understanding of phagosomal biology would have these molecules sequestered and destroyed within phagolysosomes. Here, we show the controlled release of partially-digested, soluble material from phagolysosomes of macrophages through transient, iterative fusion-fission events between mature phagolysosomes and the plasma membrane, a process we term eructophagy. Eructophagy is most active in proinflammatory macrophages and further induced by toll like receptor engagement. Eructophagy is mediated by genes encoding proteins required for autophagy and can activate vicinal cells by release of phagolysosomally-processed, partially-digested pathogen associated molecular patterns. We propose that eructophagy allows macrophages to amplify local inflammation through the processing and dissemination of pathogen-or-damage-associated molecular patterns.
A federated graph neural network framework for privacy-preserving personalization
Authors: Wu Chuhan , Wu Fangzhao , Lyu Lingjuan , Qi Tao , Huang Yongfeng , Xie Xing 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGraph neural network (GNN) is effective in modeling high-order interactions and has been widely used in various personalized applications such as recommendation. However, mainstream personalization methods rely on centralized GNN learning on global graphs, which have considerable privacy risks due to the privacy-sensitive nature of user data. Here, we present a federated GNN framework named FedPerGNN for both effective and privacy-preserving personalization. Through a privacy-preserving model update method, we can collaboratively train GNN models based on decentralized graphs inferred from local data. To further exploit graph information beyond local interactions, we introduce a privacy-preserving graph expansion protocol to incorporate high-order information under privacy protection. Experimental results on six datasets for personalization in different scenarios show that FedPerGNN achieves 4.0% ~ 9.6% lower errors than the state-of-the-art federated personalization methods under good privacy protection. FedPerGNN provides a promising direction to mining decentralized graph data in a privacy-preserving manner for responsible and intelligent personalization.
A supramolecular photosensitizer derived from an Arene-Ru(II) complex self-assembly for NIR activated photodynamic and photothermal therapy
Authors: Xu Gang , Li Chengwei , Chi Chen , Wu Luyan , Sun Yanyan , Zhao Jian , Xia Xing-Hua , Gou Shaohua 
Published: June 2022

AbstractEffective photosensitizers are of particular importance for the widespread clinical utilization of phototherapy. However, conventional photosensitizers are usually plagued by short-wavelength absorption, inadequate photostability, low reactive oxygen species (ROS) quantum yields, and aggregation-caused ROS quenching. Here, we report a near-infrared (NIR)-supramolecular photosensitizer (RuDA) via self-assembly of an organometallic Ru(II)-arene complex in aqueous solution. RuDA can generate singlet oxygen (1O2) only in aggregate state, showing distinct aggregation-induced 1O2 generation behavior due to the greatly increased singlet-triplet intersystem crossing process. Upon 808 nm laser irradiation, RuDA with excellent photostability displays efficient 1O2 and heat generation in a 1O2 quantum yield of 16.4% (FDA-approved indocyanine green: ΦΔ = 0.2%) together with high photothermal conversion efficiency of 24.2% (commercial gold nanorods: 21.0%, gold nanoshells: 13.0%). In addition, RuDA-NPs with good biocompatibility can be preferably accumulated at tumor sites, inducing significant tumor regression with a 95.2% tumor volume reduction in vivo during photodynamic therapy. This aggregation enhanced photodynamic therapy provides a strategy for the design of photosensitizers with promising photophysical and photochemical characteristics.
Machine learning aided construction of the quorum sensing communication network for human gut microbiota
Authors: Wu Shengbo , Feng Jie , Liu Chunjiang , Wu Hao , Qiu Zekai , Ge Jianjun , Sun Shuyang , Hong Xia , Li Yukun , Wang Xiaona , Yang Aidong , Guo Fei , Qiao Jianjun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractQuorum sensing (QS) is a cell-cell communication mechanism that connects members in various microbial systems. Conventionally, a small number of QS entries are collected for specific microbes, which is far from being able to fully depict communication-based complex microbial interactions in human gut microbiota. In this study, we propose a systematic workflow including three modules and the use of machine learning-based classifiers to collect, expand, and mine the QS-related entries. Furthermore, we develop the Quorum Sensing of Human Gut Microbes (QSHGM) database (http://www.qshgm.lbci.net/) including 28,567 redundancy removal entries, to bridge the gap between QS repositories and human gut microbiota. With the help of QSHGM, various communication-based microbial interactions can be searched and a QS communication network (QSCN) is further constructed and analysed for 818 human gut microbes. This work contributes to the establishment of the QSCN which may form one of the key knowledge maps of the human gut microbiota, supporting future applications such as new manipulations to synthetic microbiota and potential therapies to gut diseases.
Optical manipulation of Rashba-split 2-dimensional electron gas
Authors: Michiardi M. , Boschini F. , Kung H.-H. , Na M. X. , Dufresne S. K. Y. , Currie A. , Levy G. , Zhdanovich S. , Mills A. K. , Jones D. J. , Mi J. L. , Iversen B. B. , Hofmann Ph. , Damascelli A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn spintronics, the two main approaches to actively control the electrons’ spin involve static magnetic or electric fields. An alternative avenue relies on the use of optical fields to generate spin currents, which can bolster spin-device performance, allowing for faster and more efficient logic. To date, research has mainly focused on the optical injection of spin currents through the photogalvanic effect, and little is known about the direct optical control of the intrinsic spin-splitting. To explore the optical manipulation of a material’s spin properties, we consider the Rashba effect. Using time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (TR-ARPES), we demonstrate that an optical excitation can tune the Rashba-induced spin splitting of a two-dimensional electron gas at the surface of Bi2Se3. We establish that light-induced photovoltage and charge carrier redistribution - which in concert modulate the Rashba spin-orbit coupling strength on a sub-picosecond timescale - can offer an unprecedented platform for achieving optically-driven spin logic devices.
1,4-Aryl migration in ketene-derived enolates by a polar-radical-crossover cascade
Authors: Radhoff Niklas , Studer Armido 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe arylation of carboxylic acid derivatives via Smiles rearrangement has gained great interest in recent years. Both radical and ionic approaches, as well as radical-polar crossover concepts, have been developed. In contrast, a reversed polar-radical crossover approach remains underexplored. Here we report a simple, efficient and scalable method for the preparation of sterically hindered and valuable α-quaternary amides via a polar-radical crossover-enolate oxidation-aryl migration pathway. A variety of easily accessible N-alkyl and N-arylsulfonamides are reacted with disubstituted ketenes to give the corresponding amide enolates, which undergo upon single electron transfer oxidation, a 1,4-aryl migration, desulfonylation, hydrogen atom transfer cascade to provide α-quaternary amides in good to excellent yields. Various mono- and di-substituted heteroatom-containing and polycyclic arenes engage in the aryl migration reaction. Functional group tolerance is excellent and substrates as well as reagents are readily available rendering the method broadly applicable.
A confined-etching strategy for intrinsic anisotropic surface wetting patterning
Authors: Feng Rui , Song Fei , Zhang Ying-Dan , Wang Xiu-Li , Wang Yu-Zhong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAnisotropic functional patterned surfaces have shown significant applications in microfluidics, biomedicine and optoelectronics. However, surface patterning relies heavily on high-end apparatuses and expensive moulds/masks and photoresists. Decomposition behaviors of polymers have been widely studied in material science, but as-created chemical and physical structural changes have been rarely considered as an opportunity for wettability manipulation. Here, a facile mask-free confined-etching strategy is reported for intrinsic wettable surface patterning. With printing technology, the surface wetting state is regulated, enabling the chemical etching of setting locations and efficient fabrication of complex patterns. Notably, the created anisotropic patterns can be used for realizing water-responsive information storage and encryption as well as fabricating flexible electrodes. Featuring advantages of simple operation and economic friendliness, this patterning approach brings a bright prospect in developing functional materials with versatile applications.