bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of circulating MR-proADM with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in the general population: Results from the KORA F4 cohort study
Authors: Gar Christina , Thorand Barbara , Herder Christian , Sujana Chaterina , Heier Margit , Meisinger Christa , Peters Annette , Koenig Wolfgang , Rathmann Wolfgang , Roden Michael , Stumvoll Michael , Maalmi Haifa , Meitinger Thomas , Then Holger , Seissler Jochen , Then Cornelia 
Published: January 2022

Background and aim
Despite its vasodilatory effect, adrenomedullin and its surrogate mid-regional pro-adrenomedullin (MR-proADM) have been found to be positively associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. However, the underlying mechanisms thereof remain unclear and the associations were mostly shown in geriatric cohorts or in patients with chronic diseases. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the possible involvement of abdominal obesity, selected adipokines, and biomarkers of subclinical inflammation in the association of MR-proADM with mortality in a population based study cohort.

Methods
Prospective analysis of the KORA F4 study; median follow-up 9.1 (8.8–9.4) years. Complete data on MR-proADM and mortality was available for 1551 participants, aged 56.9±12.9 years (mean±SD). Correlation and regression analyses of MR-proADM with overall (BMI) and abdominal obesity (waist circumference), selected adipokines and biomarkers of subclinical inflammation. Cox proportional hazard models on the association of MR-proADM with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality with adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors and selected biomarkers in study subgroups (n = 603–1551).

Results
MR-proADM associated with all-cause (HR (95%CI): 2.37 (1.72–3.26) and 2.31 (1.67–3.20)) and cardiovascular mortality (4.28 (2.19–8.39) and 4.44 (2.25–8.76)) after adjustment for traditional cardiovascular risk factors including BMI or waist circumference, respectively. MR-proADM was further associated with four out of seven examined adipokines (leptin, retinol-binding protein-4, chemerin, and adiponectin) and with five out of eleven examined biomarkers of subclinical inflammation (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, myeloperoxidase, interleukin-22, and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist) after multivariable adjustment and correction for multiple testing. However, only IL-6 substantially attenuated the association of MR-proADM with all-cause mortality.

Conclusions
We found an association of MR-proADM with (abdominal) obesity, selected adipokines, and biomarkers of subclinical inflammation. However, the association of MR-proADM with mortality was independent of these parameters. Future studies should investigate the role of IL-6 and further characteristics of subclinical inflammation in the association between MR-proADM and all-cause mortality.
A influência das condições ambientais no excesso de peso em Coimbra, Portugal
Authors: Genaro Joice , Almendra Ricardo , Santana Paula 
Published: January 2022

Evidência científica indica que a obesidade é responsável por diversas doenças crónicas, como são exemplo a hipertensão e a diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Recentemente, a literatura tem vindo a chamar a atenção para o facto de indivíduos com obesidade apresentarem risco mais elevado de desenvolver sintomas graves da Covid-19. Ser ativo é visto como medida positiva para prevenir e tratar doenças como hipertensão e diabetes, entre outras. A forma das cidades, a distribuição dos equipamentos e o desenho urbano podem influenciar positivamente (ou negativamente) o modo como as pessoas se deslocam e se relacionam com o ambiente da área de residência, aumentando (ou diminuindo) os níveis de atividade física e, potencialmente, contrariando o sedentarismo.
Este estudo, realizado em Coimbra, investigou: i) a associação estatística entre as tipologias de uso do solo e as condições do ambiente físico e construído em que os indivíduos vivem; ii) o papel desempenhado pelas condições ambientais no excesso de peso e obesidade.
Foi recolhida informação de 1 117 indivíduos residentes em freguesias urbanas, periurbanas e rurais, entre março e setembro de 2020. Com estes dados foram desenvolvidos modelos de regressão logística binomial, ajustados por sexo e idade.
Os resultados permitem concluir que os residentes mais afastados do centro da cidade (áreas periurbanas e rurais) apresentam maior probabilidade de terem excesso de peso, de usarem automóvel, de avaliarem positivamente aspetos relacionados com os serviços urbanos (e.g. espaços públicos de lazer e as áreas verdes urbanas) e a qualidade do ar. Residentes periurbanos que usam transporte público têm menor probabilidade de ter excesso de peso em relação a quem utiliza o automóvel.
Identificar ambientes obesogénicos é uma condição fundamental para a construção de políticas públicas que tenham como objetivo a promoção da saúde, a prevenção da doença e a redução das iniquidades.
Relaxation of functionals with linear growth: Interactions of emerging measures and free discontinuities
Authors: Krömer Stefan , Kružík Martin , Zappale Elvira 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFor an integral functional defined on functions(u,v)∈W1,1×L1{(u,v)\in W^{1,1}\times L^{1}}featuring a prototypical strong interaction term betweenuandv, we calculate its relaxation in the space of functions with bounded variations and Radon measures. Interplay between measures and discontinuities brings various additional difficulties, and concentration effects in recovery sequences play a major role for the relaxed functional even if the limit measures are absolutely continuous with respect to the Lebesgue one.
English modal enclitic constructions: a diachronic, usage-based study of’dand’ll
Authors: Daugs Robert 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEnglish modal enclitics (’dand’ll) are typically conceived of as colloquial pronunciation variants that are semantically identical to their respective full forms (wouldandwill). Although this conception has already been challenged by Nesselhauf, Nadja. 2014. From contraction to construction? The recent life of ’ll. In Marianne Hundt (ed.),Late modern English syntax, 77–89. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press and Daugs, Robert. 2021. Contractions, constructions and constructional change: Investigating the constructionhood of English modal contractions from a diachronic perspective. In Martin Hilpert, Bert Cappelle & Ilse Depraetere (eds.),Modality and diachronic construction grammar, 12–52. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, who argue for the constructional status of both enclitics, the present study proposes a refinement according to which the differences between enclitics and full forms can be pinpointed to specific co-occurrence patterns. Rather than rashly postulating a general’d-construction or an’ll-construction, the data indicate that lower-level instances, likeI’dV,we’llV, orit wouldV, are very much capable of capturing the meaning differences between enclitics and full forms without recourse to higher, more abstract level. This is achieved by assessing the changes in the associative links these patterns entertain in a data-driven, bottom-up fashion. By utilizing the COHA and a variety of quantitative methods, it can be shown that, although enclitic patterns become more frequent and more varied, they remain overall still more restricted than the full forms, which promotes the emergence of ‘new’ symbolic associations. The results are integrated into current research in Diachronic Construction Grammar (Hilpert, Martin. 2013.Constructional change in English: Developments in allomorphy, word formation, and syntax. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, Hilpert, Martin. 2021.Ten lectures in diachronic construction grammar. Leiden: Brill) and dynamic, network-oriented models of language (Schmid, Hans-Jörg. 2020.The dynamics of the linguistic system: Usage, conventionalization, and entrenchment. Oxford: Oxford University Press).
Inverse scattering for three-dimensional quasi-linear biharmonic operator
Authors: Harju Markus , Kultima Jaakko , Serov Valery 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We consider an inverse scattering problem of recovering the unknown
coefficients of a quasi-linearly perturbed biharmonic operator in the three-dimensional case.
These unknown complex-valued coefficients are assumed to satisfy some regularity
conditions on their nonlinearity, but they can be discontinuous or singular
in their space variable. We prove Saito’s formula and uniqueness theorem
of recovering some essential information about the unknown coefficients
from the knowledge of the high frequency scattering amplitude.
Membrane technologies for sports supplementation
Authors: Staszak Maciej 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The important developments in membrane techniques used in the dairy industrial processes to whey manufacturing are discussed. Particular emphasis is placed on the description of membrane processes, characterization of protein products, biological issues related to bacteriophages contamination, and modeling of the processes. This choice was dictated by the observed research works and consumer trends, who increasingly appreciate healthy food and its taste qualities.
Gesellschaftlicher Wandel in der frühen Eisenzeit im Lichte neuer Siedlungsgrabungen in Schlesien
Authors: Bugaj Ewa , Gediga Bogusław 
Published: January 2022

Zusammenfassung
Zwischen der früheisenzeitlichen Kultur in Schlesien und der Hallstatt-Kultur lassen sich deutliche Verbindungen erkennen, die vor allem mittels der Erforschung von Brandgräberfriedhöfen studiert wurden. Demgegenüber wird im Beitrag der Versuch unternommen, das Phänomen mit Hilfe archäologisch entsprechend datierender Siedlungen zu untermauern. Die Mehrzahl der Forscher, die sich mit der Hallstatt-Kultur beschäftigen, stellen den Wandel sozialer Strukturen heraus, welcher in dieser Zeit stattfand und sich in archäologischem Material widerspiegelt. Ein analoges Phänomen kann bei mehreren Urnenfriedhöfen aus Schlesien festgestellt werden, insbesondere bei gut ausgestatteten Kammergräbern (etwa Domasław, Wrocław), aber auch innerhalb einiger Siedlungen, wie beispielsweise dem früheisenzeitlichen Fundplatz in Milejowice, Kreis Breslau, der während einer großflächigen Untersuchung entdeckt wurde. Hierbei konnten einige Gruppen von Bauwerken unterschieden wurden. Eines davon war mit monumentalen, 85 m durchmessenden, aufeinander folgenden Kreisen umgeben. Die Kreise bestanden aus zahlreichen Pfostenlöchern, die so eine palisadenartige Struktur bildeten. Im Beitrag werden außerdem Siedlungsreste analysiert, die darauf hindeuten, dass der soziale Status und der Wohlstand der Bewohner des Siedlungsareals herausragend gewesen sein muss. Die Untersuchungen ausgewählter schlesischer Fundstätten lassen den Schluss zu, dass das Gebiet kulturell als eine weitere regionale Randgruppe des Hallstattkreises betrachtet werden kann
Cognitive Demands Influence Drop Jump Performance and Relationships With Leg Stiffness in Healthy Young Adults
Authors: Holmes Hillary H. , Downs Talmage Jessica L. , Neely Kristina A. , Roper Jaimie A. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Holmes, HH, Downs Talmage, JL, Neely, KA, and Roper, JA. Cognitive demands influence drop jump performance and relationships with leg stiffness in healthy young adults. J Strength Cond Res 37(1): 74–83, 2023—Sports-relevant cognition influences neuromuscular control and sports performance. This study assessed the influence of cognition on (a) drop jump performance and (b) commonly researched relationships between lower extremity stiffness, ground contact time (GCT), peak vertical ground reaction force (vGRF), and leg deformation. Active adults (n = 33, 13 men, 20 women, 21 ± 2 years, height = 1.71 ± 0.81 m, body mass = 70.5 ± 10.6 kg) participated in decisions to perform drop jumps or lands of a 30-cm box in 4 conditions: (a) standard, explicit instructions; (b) choice, internally driven decisions; and (c and d) visual and audio, external visual or audio cues reducing time for motor planning. Significance was set at p < 0.05. Ground contact time with audio (M ± SD: 0.62 ± 0.14 seconds) and visual cues (0.59 ± 0.10 seconds) was longer than standard instructions (0.54 ± 0.10 seconds). Standard condition jump height was higher (0.49 ± 0.10 m) than audio (0.435 ± 0.10 m) and choice (0.44 ± 0.09 m). Standard condition reactive strength index was higher (1.03 ± 0.35) than audio (0.76 ± 0.23), visual (0.82 ± 0.27), and choice (0.84 ± 0.33). Visual and audio conditions did not demonstrate significant relationships between leg stiffness and GCT, and relationships between vGRF and leg deformation were not significant with visual cues (p > 0.05). Cognition did not significantly change stiffness and vGRF, indicating alternative force strategies. Understanding how cognition influences performance can positively affect coaching practices, sports-specific assessments, and rehabilitation applications.
Quantification of Global Myoelectric Spatial Activations to Delineate Normal Hamstring Function at Progressive Running Speeds: A Technical Report
Authors: Schlink Bryan R. , Nordin Andrew D. , Diekfuss Jed A. , Myer Gregory D. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Schlink, BR, Nordin, AD, Diekfuss, JA, and Myer, GD. Quantification of global myoelectric spatial activations to delineate normal hamstring function at progressive running speeds: A technical report. J Strength Cond Res 36(3): 867–870, 2022—Hamstring function is critical to maintain sport performance, and strain injuries to the biceps femoris muscle commonly force an athlete to withdraw from their sport while the muscle heals. Current mechanistic understanding of underlying injury and return-to-play (RTP) guidelines has limited prognostic value because of limitations in technology and nonfunctional assessment strategies to guide clinical care. Integrated structural and functional determinants and dynamic assessment methods are needed to guide advanced rehabilitation strategies for safe and rapid return to sport. A potential solution for assessment of hamstring function is high-density electromyography (EMG), which can noninvasively measure spatial muscle activity in dynamic environments. In this study, we demonstrated the utility of high-density EMG by measuring spatial myoelectric activity from the biceps femoris from a group of recreational athletes running at a range of speeds. The level of significance set for this study was p < 0.05. During the late swing phase of running, we observed increased EMG amplitudes in the central and distal portions of the muscle. There were no changes in this pattern of EMG activation across speed, suggesting that running speed does not affect the general neuromuscular recruitment in the biceps femoris. Applying these methods to athletes with hamstring strains may lead to a more complete understanding of muscle function during rehabilitation and adjunctively support current methods to enhance RTP decision-making.
Effects of Different Types of Resistance Training and Detraining on Functional Capacity, Muscle Strength, and Power in Older Women: A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Filho Mauro Mazini , Venturini Gabriela R.d.O. , Moreira Osvaldo C. , Leitão Luis , Mira Pedro A. C. , de Castro Juliana B. P. , Aidar Felipe J. , Novaes Jefferson da Silva , Vianna Jeferson M. , Caputo Ferreira Maria E. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Filho, MM, Venturini, GRdO, Moreira, OC, Leitão, L, Mira, PA, Castro, JB, Aidar, FJ, Novaes, JdS, Vianna, JM, and Caputo Ferreira, ME. Effects of different types of resistance training and detraining on functional capacity, muscle strength, and power in older women: A randomized controlled study. J Strength Cond Res 36(4): 984–990, 2022—Resistance training (RT) increases muscle strength, power, and functional capacity (FC) of older women. However, these benefits can be lost partially or totally with detraining. This study aimed to compare the effect of 20 weeks of different types of RT and 4 weeks of detraining on muscle strength, power, and FC in older women. Ninety-five older women were randomly divided into 4 experimental groups (strength endurance, power, absolute strength, and relative strength training) and 1 control group (CG). We assessed muscle strength (10RM test) and muscle power of the lower (countermovement jump) and upper limbs (medicine ball pitch). Functional capacity was assessed by the Senior Fitness Test, which comprises the following tests: 30-second arm curl, 30-second chair stand, back scratch, chair sit and reach, 8-foot up and go, and 6-minute walk. The experiment lasted 24 weeks (familiarization: 2 weeks; neural adaptation: 6 weeks; specific training: 12 weeks; and detraining: 4 weeks). Muscle strength, lower and upper limb power (all p < 0.05), 30-second arm curl, 30-second chair stand, 8-foot up and go, 6-minute walk (all p < 0.001), and lower limb flexibility (p = 0.002) improved in all experimental groups after training and CG showed no differences in any of these variables. After detraining, muscle strength, lower and upper limb power (p < 0.05 for all), and FC decreased in comparison to the end of RT (30-second arm curl, 30-second chair stand, 8-foot up and go, 6-minute walk, and lower limb flexibility, p < 0.05 for all). Although the FC of the subjects has been reduced after 4 weeks of detraining, it was maintained at higher levels in comparison to baseline. These results suggested that older women can be submitted to different types of RT to achieve improvements in general fitness.
Momentum, Rather Than Velocity, Is a More Effective Measure of Improvements in Division IA Football Player Performance
Authors: Mann J. Bryan , Mayhew Jerry L. , Dos Santos Marcel Lopes , Dawes J. Jay , Signorile Joseph F. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Mann, JB, Mayhew, JL, Dos Santos, ML, Dawes, JJ, and Signorile, JF. Momentum, rather than velocity, is a more effective measure of improvements in Division IA football player performance. J Strength Cond Res 36(2): 551–557, 2022—Speed, or the time to complete straight runs or agility drills, is commonly used to assess performance in collegiate American football players. However, it is common for players' speeds to plateau by the second year of eligibility, whereas their body masses continue to increase. The purpose of this study was to track change in speed, body mass, and momentum (body mass · velocity), across Division 1 football players' 4-year careers (n = 512). Complete data were derived for the 40-yd sprint (n = 82), the proagility shuttle (n = 73), and the L drill (n = 73) from the same NCAA Division 1 team over a 15-year period. Significant changes were seen for velocity between year 1 and the next 3 playing years (p < 0.05), with no differences between years 2 and 4, whereas body mass increased significantly across all playing years (p < 0.05). Further momentum increased across all years for all tests (p < 0.0001). These results indicate the importance of including changes in body mass when evaluating performances during sprints and change of direction drills. Our results also suggest that using sprint or agility drill times to evaluate playing potential across football players' collegiate careers may be ineffective and can provide players with a false and disheartening picture of their improvements across their careers. Momentum, which incorporates training-induced increases in both speed and body mass, would be a more relevant and supportive measure of players' improvements. In addition, the simple computation of this variable, using existing speed and body mass data, may be an important addition to the National Football League combine as a measure of playing potential in the professional game.
Retained Austenite Transformation-Induced Residual Stress Change in Carburized 16MnCr5 Steel
Authors: Liang Wanhua , Pineault James , Albrecht Conle F. , Topper Timothy H. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Carburization, a heat treatment commonly used in industries to improve fatigue performance of components, usually results in untransformed austenite in a transformed matrix of martensite or other phases. The subsequent transformation of the retained austenite due to service loading is complex and can result in the alteration of beneficial residual stresses. The amount of retained austenite decomposed under a few axial loading cases was determined by measuring the retained austenite content before and after loading of through-carburized- and carburized case only (composite)–hardened 16MnCr5 steel samples. Separate case and core stress−strain curves and the retained austenite transformation in the case layer of the composite model were used to predict the stress−strain and the residual stress behavior of the composite samples with a simple compatibility model and a finite element model.
I Will Kill You and Nothing Will Happen: Extra-Judicial Killings in Nigeria and Public Interest Litigation
Authors: Odunaike Dorcas A. , Lalude Olalekan Moyosore , Odusanya Temitope Omotola 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Public interest litigation is a mechanism of intervention in a matter that concerns the public. It could be about human rights, government policy, or some other issue that could present a challenge to public life. Public interest litigation is important because it presents hope to the powerless and offers justice where there might not previously have been the opportunity. The aim of public interest litigation is to recognise injustice and give a voice to the concerns of members of society who might not have the means to articulate them. In Nigeria there is a high tendency for people of low socioeconomic status to experience police brutality, or even become victims of extra-judicial killing. In this article, it was argued that although public interest litigation is a good strategy to engage the injustice of extra-judicial killings, the recurrence shows that the solution lies more in addressing a systemic problem.
Has the CJEU Made the First Step to Put a Stop to the Criminalisation of Migration? Commentary to the Judgement in the Case of JZ in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Kosińska Anna Magdalena 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe paper presents a critical discussion of the CJEU judgment in the JZ case (C 806/18), in which the Court interpreted Article 11 of Directive 2008/115 that regulates entry ban issuance. The author asks a question of whether an entry ban as a measure limiting the right to free movement has a moral and legal ground in international law and EU law. Moreover, the author focuses on the problem of the criminalisation of irregular migration – both in the context of the established line of the Court’s case law and in the case of a vague national law standard that penalizes illegal stays – the possibility to apply the criminal law concept of error in law and thus exclusion of criminal liability of an illegal migrant.
Oral Manifestations of Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Authors: Bousserouit Marwa , HAKKOU Fouzia , CHBICHEB Saliha 
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Hemorrhagic lesions of the oral mucosa are the most common clinical manifestations of Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Case Report: A 41-year-old female patient consulted the oral surgery department of the dental consultation and treatment center in Rabat for spontaneous gingivorrhagia. Clinical examination and further examination showed severe thrombocytopenia associated with an anemic syndrome. The diagnosis of ITP was made. Treatment was based on oral corticosteroids and immunoglobulin in the hospital. Conclusion: These manifestations sometimes lead the patient to consult his dental surgeon in the first intention, hence the need to make the diagnosis based on a thorough global examination and to refer the patient to an adapted structure.