bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pemanfaatan Daun Bambu (Bambusa sp) dan Daun Kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) Sebagai Mulsa Alami Untuk Mendukung Pertumbuhan dan Produktivitas Sawi Hijau (Brassica juncea L.) Di Desa Nitakloang Kecamatan Nita
Authors: Marlin Klotilda Yunita , Mago Oktavius Yoseph Tuta , Putra Sukarman Hadi Jaya 
Published: February 2022

Mulsa merupakan bahan yang dihamparkan di atas permukaan tanah untuk menjaga kandungan air di dalam tanah, melembabkan tanah, menahan atau mengurangi hempasan air hujan dan menekan evaporasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari pemanfaatan ketersediaan daun bambu (Bambusa sp.) dan daun kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) sebagai mulsa alami untuk mendukung pertumbuhan dan produktivitas sawi hijau (Brassica juncea L.). Penelitian di laksanakan di desa Nitakloang, Kecamatan Nita, Kabupaten Sikka. Waktu pelaksanaan penelitian dimulai dari tahap persiapan sampai dengan tahap siap panen pada bulan Juni sampai dengan Agustus 2020. Metode penelitian dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 7 perlakuan dan 5 kali ulangan, sehingga di peroleh 35 unit percobaan. Perlakuan yang diberikan adalah mulsa B0:K0, B0:K100, B25:K75, B50:K50, B75:K25, B100:K0 dan MPHP. Parameter yang diamati adalah tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, bobot basah tanaman dan bobot bersih tanaman. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan analysis of variance (ANOVA) dengan taraf 5% (α = 0,05) yang dilanjutkan dengan uji tukey. Hasil penelitian menujukkan bahwa mulsa alami daun bambu dan daun kakao berpengaruh terhadap parameter tinggi tanaman sawi hijau (Brassica juncea L.), dan tidak berpengaruh pada parameter jumlah daun, bobot basah dan bobot bersih tanaman sawi hijau (Brassica juncea L.). Hasil terbaik dari penelitian ini diperoleh dari perlakuan P5 dengan jenis dan taraf mulsa B100:K0.
Kata kunci : Sawi hijau, Mulsa daun bambu dan daun kakao, Pertumbuhan, Produktivitas
ANTI-CYTOKINE THERAPY FOR COVID-19 WITH SIGNS OF CYTOKINE RELEASE SYNDROME (COV-AID): (LITERATURE REVIEW)
Authors: Скоробогатый Р.В. 
Published: February 2022

Инфекции SARS-CoV-2 продолжают вызывать значительную заболеваемость и смертность. Блокада интерлейкина (ИЛ)-1 и ИЛ-6 были предложены в качестве терапевтических стратегий при COVID-19, однако результаты исследований противоречивы. Попытались изучить, сокращает ли блокада путей ИЛ-6 или ИЛ-1 время клинического улучшения у пациентов с COVID-19, гипоксической дыхательной недостаточностью и признаками синдрома системного высвобождения цитокинов. Даже после проведения глобальных кампаний по вакцинации против SARS-CoV-2 по-прежнему необходимы безопасные и эффективные методы лечения для подавления воспаления и снижения смертности для значительной части невакцинированных людей, подверженных риску развития тяжелой формы COVID-19.
SARS-CoV-2 infections continue to show increased morbidity and mortality. Interleukin (IL) -1 and IL-6 blockade have been proposed as therapeutic options for COVID-19, but research results are conflicting. We tried to control the pathways of blocking IL-6 or IL-1 during the clinical course in patients with COVID-19, hypoxic respiratory failure and manifestations of systemic cytokine release syndrome. Even after severe cases of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, safe and secure methods are still needed to identify cases of inflammation and identify cases of partially unvaccinated people, suspected cases of COVID-19 cases.
PENGARUH CAMPURAN BIOETANOL PADA PERTALITE TERHADAP UNJUK KERJA (PERFORMA) MESIN OTTO 4 SILINDER
Authors: Yudhanta Ricko , Praja Sumantri W. , P Juliaman , Djajadi Djajadi 
Published: March 2022

Dilatar belakangi oleh pemakaian motor bensin dari tahun ke tahun semakin meningkat, hal ini mengakibatkan pemakaian bahan bakar minyak bumi semakin meningkat dan tentu sangat mengkhawatirkan, karena dengan peningkatan pemakaian bahan bakar minyak bumi, maka cadangan minyak bumi akan semakin berkurang sedangkan kebutuhan akan minyak terus bertambah. Keadaan diatas juga tidak sesuai dengan kebijakan pemerintah di bidang energi, yang mengusahakan pemakaian bahan bakar minyak bumi yang sehemat-hematnya, mengingat minyak bumi merupakan sumber energi yang tidak dapat diperbaharui. Krisis energi ini menyebabkan manusia beralih pola pikir untuk lebih mengintensifkan penelitian dan penggunaan dari energi yang tidak terbarukan ke energi yang terbarukan. Etanol merupakan bahan bakar beroktan tinggi yang dapat digunakan sebagai peningkat nilai oktan dalam bensin. Etanol mengandung oksigen, sehingga menyempurnakan pembakaran bahan bakar dengan efek positif meminimalkan pencemaran udara. Bahan bakar yang digunakan untuk penelitian ini adalah pertalite murni (E0), campuran bioetanol 5% + pertalite 95% (E5), campuran bioetanol 10% + pertalite 90% (E10), campuran bioetanol 15% + pertalite 85% (E15), dan campuran bioetanol 20% + pertalite 80% (E20). Pencampuran bioetanol pada bahan bakar pertalite dapat meningkatkan performa mesin mencapai titik maksimal pada campuran bahan bakar E15, tetapi pencampuran bioetanol diatas 15% performa cenderung akan menurun. Untuk mendapatkan performa mesin yang baik, campuran yang paling baik adalah dengan mencampurkan bioetanol 15% ke dalam pertalite untuk mobil dengan usia diatas 15 tahun. Hal ini didasarkan pada nilai rata-rata torsi dan daya yang dihasilkan oleh masing-masing campuran bahan bakar bioetanol.
Evaluation of biological activity and toxicity of extracts from Cuscuta chinensis
Authors: Dorjbat Janchivmaa , Byambadolgor Myagmarsuren , Amarjargal Baatarkhuu , Nasantogtokh Bazarvaani , Sukhdolgor Jigmed , Lkhagvasuren Damdindorj , Suvdmaa Tuvaanjav 
Published: February 2022

As the world's population grows, so do the many infectious and non-communicable diseases that follow, and there is an urgent need to find ways to treat and cure them. In particular, it is very important to study low-toxic, highly therapeutic substances from natural raw materials such as plants, animals and microorganisms and introduce them for use as medicines and food supplements. In our study, we studied the chemical composition of Cuscuta chinensis grown in Mongolia and obtained a group of extracts to determine the DPPH free radical inhibitory activity and calculated the IC50 value for hexane extract 32.09 μg/ml, chloroform extract 31.35 μg/ml, ethyl acetate extract 7.23 μg/ml, n-butanol extract 53.35 μg/ml, aqueous extract 84.46 μg/ml, and chloroform extract S.aureus, P.aeruginosa, B.subtilis, ethyl-acetate extract S.aureus, P.aeruginosa, B.subtilis, E.faecalis were active in inhibiting the growth of bacteria. Also evaluated toxicity of extracts for Brine shrimp lethality assay.

Нангиад ороонго (Cuscuta chinensis Lam)-ын биологийн идэвх, хорон чанарын судалгаа
Хураангуй: Бид судалгаандаа Монгол оронд ургадаг Нангиад ороонго /Cuscuta chinensis/-ын химийн найрлагыг судлан, бүлэг хандуудыг гарган авч, DPPH чөлөөт радикал саатуулах идэвхийг тодорхойлон IC50 утгыг тооцоход гексаны ханд 32.09 мкг/мл, хлороформын ханд 31.35 мкг/мл, этил-ацетатын ханд 7.23 мкг/мл, н-бутанолын ханд 53.35 мкг/мл, усан ханд 84.46 мкг/мл утгатай буюу бусад бүлэг хандаас этил-ацетатын ханд нь хамгийн өндөр идэвхтэй, бактерийн эсрэг идэвхийг тодорхойлоход хлороформын ханд Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, этил-ацетатын ханд S.aureus, P.aeruginosa, B.subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis бактериудын өсөлтийг дарангуйлах идэвхтэй байв. Мөн хорон чанарыг Artemia salina хавчийн авгалдайд 1 мг/мл, 100 мкг/мл, 10 мкг/мл, 1 мкг/мл концентрацтайгаар тодорхойлон, LC50 утгыг тооцож Кларксоны хорон чанарын индексээр үнэлэхэд н-бутанолын ханд 1619.4 мкг/мл, усан ханд 1888.5 мкг/мл буюу хоргүй, харин гексаны ханд 212.15 мкг/мл, хлороформын ханд 432.47 мкг/мл, этил-ацетатын ханд 455.55 мкг/мл буюу дунд зэргийн хортой байв.Түлхүүр үг: Brine shrimp, фенолт нэгдэл, флавоноид нэгдэл, шимэгч ургамал, ургамлын биохими.
Comparative Study of the Environmental and Sanitary Impacts of two fish Smoking Systems (Traditional Oven and FTT Oven) used by the Women of Guessabo (Ivory Coast)
Authors: Ambroise Ossehin , Olivier Etchian Assoi , Jean Seka Yapoga , Eudes Yves Gnagne Agness Essoh Jean , Bernard Yapo Ossey 
Published: March 2022

Women use traditional methods for smoking in Côte d'Ivoire. These methods have an impact on the environment and their health because of the emission of CO2 which is a greenhouse gas and other gases (VOCs, PAHs...), carcinogenic and dangerous for the respiratory system. In 2013, an improved kiln, called FAO-Thiaroye Processing Technique (FTT) was introduced in Côte d'Ivoire in order to reduce the health and environmental impacts. The objective of this study is to compare the environmental and health impacts between traditional and improved ovens used by women in Guessabo. This study involved 45 fish smokers using traditional stoves, 34 smokers using FTT stoves and 50 controls. It was conducted from January to December 2017. The data collection methodology included questionnaire survey, interviews, observations, and medical prospection. Also, baseline spirometry and bronchial metacholine reversibility test in each woman were performed. Bronchial hyperreactivity was obserbed to be more frequent in women smokers who practice with traditional furnaces. Three measurement campaigns of Carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), volatile organic compounds (VOC) and Nitric oxide (NO) were carried out. The level of CO measured at the traditional sites varies from 19 to 184 mg/m3. It is often higher than the acceptable limit value (50mg/m3). However, these gas levels were very low with the use of FTT furnaces.
Estimation of Total Phenolic and Total Flavonoid Contents, In-Vitro Antioxidant Activity and Median Inhibitory Concentration of Methanol Root Extract of Ximenia americana, L. Olacaceae
Authors: David Bagu Great , Omale Simeon , Iorjiim Walter Mdekera , Joseph Chock Jessy , Gyang Steven Samuel , Nguru Mary Ogonnaya 
Published: March 2022

Background: This research was carried out to estimate the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, assayed the in-vitro antioxidant potential, and estimate the median inhibitory concentration (IC50) of the methanol root extract of Ximenia americana, Linn.
Study Design: It was an experimental study design.
Methods: Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the extract were determined by spectrophotometry using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and Aluminum chloride colorimetric assay, readings were taken at 750 nm, and 415 nm wavelength respectively. The results were expressed in terms of Gallic acid and Rutin standards equivalent. The in-vitro antioxidant activity and the IC50 of the plant material were investigated by its ability to scavenge free radicals, using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging method. Similarly, the total percentage yield of the extract was estimated from the crude.
Results: The crude root powder of Ximenia americana showed a total extract yield of 20.06%w/w. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined to be 3.501 ± 0.774 mg GAE/g, and 10.644 ± 0.20 mg RE/g extract. The extract displayed concentration-dependent DPPH free radical scavenging activity, with the highest concentration (200 µg/mL) inhibiting 60.93% of DPPH free radical, and the IC50 of the extract was determined to be 69.01 µg/mL.
Conclusions: Ximenia americana L methanol root extract has a yield of 20.06%w/w, and a total phenolic content of 3.501± 0.774 mg GAE/g, total flavonoids content of 10.644 ± 0.20 mg RE/g, and IC50 of 69.01 µg/mL, also, the extract possesses a potent antioxidant activity by its ability to inhibit DPPH activity.
The Effects of the Intervention Program on Low Achiever Students’ Learning Achievement in Classroom
Authors: Subba Sha Bahadur , Gotamey Hem Kumar 
Published: March 2022

Low achiever students can transform into academically successful individuals if teachers prioritize educational equity through intervention program in the classrooms. This paper presents the impact of intervention program on 18 low achiever students of two different grades in a primary school, carried out within the period of four months. This mixed, observational descriptive study of longitudinal design used instruments like block tests and exams to collect quantitative data, and teachers’ observation records to collect qualitative data after interventions in the classrooms by the researchers. The result revealed significant improvement in scores of block tests and exams, and display of positive behavior towards learning by the participants. Findings from the data sources concluded that the intervention program implemented on the low achiever students could significantly improve the learning achievement and develop positive attitude towards learning. This research comes as a solution to the teachers who are struggling to improve the academic performance of low performing students and to the students who are pathetically struggling to improve themselves in the classrooms. Therefore, this research finding demonstrates that equal treatment to all the students in the classroom is a biased practice. Treating students according to their needs is the solution to support all and that is the educational equity.
A Study on Variation of Origin of Gastroduodenal Artery
Authors: Gawali Rohan A. , Anjankar Sumedha , Balwir Trupti , Gajbe Ujwal , Singh Brij Raj , Anjankar Vaibhav 
Published: March 2022

Aim: The aim of the study is to note the variation in the origin of Gastroduodenal artery (GDA).
In a study done on 30 cadavers at Seth G.S. Medical College and K.E.M. Hospital, Mumbai, India, during the period 2011–2012, it was found that there was a rare type of branching pattern of the gastroduodenal artery (GDA). The knowledge of variations is very important during the operative, diagnostic and endovascular procedures. Variations in the branching pattern of the cystic artery often occur and may be encountered during cholecystectomy or laparoscopic cholecystectomy and hepatobiliary surgeries. This study describes unusual origin of cystic artery from the gastro duodenal artery as found during routine dissection in a cadaver. The embryological development and clinical importance of such a variation have been emphasized.
A Selective Targeting Anchor Strategy Affords Efficient and Stable Ideal‐Bandgap Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Liang Zheng , Xu Huifen , Zhang Yong , Liu Guozhen , Chu Shenglong , Tao Yuli , Xu Xiaoxiao , Xu Shendong , Zhang Liying , Chen Xiaojing , Xu Baomin , Xiao Zhengguo , Pan Xu , Ye Jiajiu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMixed lead–tin perovskite solar cells (LTPSCs) with an ideal bandgap are demonstrated as a promising candidate to reach higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) than their Pb‐counterparts. Herein, a Br‐free mixed lead–tin perovskite material, FA0.8MA0.2Pb0.8Sn0.2I3, with a bandgap of 1.33 eV, as a perovskite absorber, is selected. Through density functional theory calculations and optoelectronic techniques, it is demonstrated that both Pb‐ and Sn‐related A‐site vacancies are pushed into deeper energetic depth, causing severe nonradiative recombination. Hence, a selective targeting anchor strategy that employs phenethylammonium iodide and ethylenediamine diiodide as co‐modifiers to selectively anchor with Pb‐ and Sn‐related active sites and passivate bimetallic traps, respectively, is established. Furthermore, the selectivity of the molecular oriented anchor passivation is demonstrated through energetic depth specificity of Pb‐ and Sn‐related traps. As a result, a substantially enhanced open‐circuit voltage (VOC) from 0.79 to 0.90 V for the LTPSCs is achieved, yielding a champion PCE of 22.51%, which is the highest PCE among the reported ideal‐bandgap PSCs. The VOC loss is reduced to 0.43 V.
Seed‐Crystal‐Induced Cold Sintering Toward Metal Halide Transparent Ceramic Scintillators
Authors: Han Kai , Sakhatskyi Kostiantyn , Jin Jiance , Zhang Qinyuan , Kovalenko Maksym V. , Xia Zhiguo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractScintillators with high spatial resolution at a low radiation dose rate are desirable for X‐ray medical imaging. To challenge the state‐of‐art technology, it is necessary to design large‐area wafers with high light yield, oriented light transport, and reduced light scattering. Here, a seed‐crystal‐induced cold sintering is adopted and a <001>‐textured TPP2MnBr4 (TPP: tetraphenylphosphonium) transparent ceramic is fabricated with a large‐area wafer of 5 cm in diameter, exhibiting high optical transparency of above 68% over the 450–600 nm range. The compelling scintillation performance of the TPP2MnBr4 wafer includes a light yield of ≈78 000 ± 2000 photons per MeV, a low detection limit 8.8 nanograys per second, about 625 times lower than the requirement of X‐ray diagnostics (5500 nanograys per second), and an energy resolution of 17% for high‐energy γ‐rays (662 keV). X‐ray imaging demonstrates a high spatial resolution of 15.7 lp mm−1. Moreover, the designed material exhibits good retention of the radioluminescence intensity and light yield. This work presents a paradigm for achieving light‐guiding properties with high transparency and large‐area fabrication by grain orientation engineering, and the transparent, textured metal halide ceramic scintillator is expected to provide a route for advancement in the X‐ray imaging of tomorrow.
Mulberry‐Leaves‐Derived Red‐Emissive Carbon Dots for Feeding Silkworms to Produce Brightly Fluorescent Silk
Authors: Liu Jun , Kong Taoyi , Xiong Huan‐Ming 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFluorescent silk has promising applications in dazzling textiles, biological engineering, and medical products, but the natural Bombyx mori silk has almost no fluorescence. Here carbon dots (CDs) made from mulberry leaves are reported, which have a strong near‐infrared fluorescence with absolute quantum yield of 73% and a full width at half maximum of 20 nm. After feeding with such CDs, silkworms exhibit bright red fluorescence, grow healthily, cocoon normally, and turn to moths finally. The cocoons are pink in daylight and show bright red fluorescence under ultraviolet light. After breaking out of such cocoons, the red‐emissive moths can mate and lay fluorescent eggs which would hatch normally. The growth cycle of the second generation of the test silkworm is the same as that of the control group, which means such CDs have excellent biocompatiblility. Dissection and analyses on both the test silkworms and cocoons disclose the metabolic route of the CDs, that is, the fluorescent CDs are absorbed by silkworms from alimentary canals, then transferred to silk glands, and finally to cocoons, while those unabsorbed CDs are excreted with the feces. All experimental results confirm the excellent biocompatibility and fluorescence stability of such CDs.
Boosting Energy Efficiency and Stability of Li–CO2 Batteries via Synergy between Ru Atom Clusters and Single‐Atom Ru–N4 sites in the Electrocatalyst Cathode
Authors: Lin Jiangfeng , Ding Jingnan , Wang Haozhi , Yang Xinyi , Zheng Xuerong , Huang Zechuan , Song Wanqing , Ding Jia , Han Xiaopeng , Hu Wenbin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe Li–CO2 battery is a novel strategy for CO2 capture and energy‐storage applications. However, the sluggish CO2 reduction and evolution reactions cause large overpotential and poor cycling performance. Herein, a new catalyst containing well‐defined ruthenium (Ru) atomic clusters (RuAC) and single‐atom Ru–N4 (RuSA) composite sites on carbon nanobox substrate (RuAC+SA@NCB) (NCB = nitrogen‐doped carbon nanobox) is fabricated by utilizing the different complexation effects between the Ru cation and the amine group (NH2) on carbon quantum dots or nitrogen moieties on NCB. Systematic experimental and theoretical investigations demonstrate the vital role of electronic synergy between RuAC and Ru–N4 in improving the electrocatalytic activity toward the CO2 evolution reaction (CO2ER) and CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). The electronic properties of the Ru–N4 sites are essentially modulated by the adjacent RuAC species, which optimizes the interactions with key reaction intermediates thereby reducing the energy barriers in the rate‐determining steps of the CO2RR and CO2ER. Remarkably, the RuAC+SA@NCB‐based cell displays unprecedented overpotentials as low as 1.65 and 1.86 V at ultrahigh rates of 1 and 2 A g−1, and twofold cycling lifespan than the baselines. The findings provide a novel strategy to construct catalysts with composite active sites comprising multiple atom assemblies for high‐performance metal–CO2 batteries.
Bioinspired, Omnidirectional, and Hypersensitive Flexible Strain Sensors
Authors: Liu Linpeng , Niu Shichao , Zhang Junqiu , Mu Zhengzhi , Li Jing , Li Bo , Meng Xiancun , Zhang Changchao , Wang Yueqiao , Hou Tao , Han Zhiwu , Yang Shu , Ren Luquan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSensors are widely used in various fields, among which flexible strain sensors that can sense minuscule mechanical signals and are easy to adapt to many irregular surfaces are attractive for structure health monitoring, early detection, and failure prevention in humans, machines, or buildings. In practical applications, subtle and abnormal vibrations generated from any direction are highly desired to detect and even orientate their directions initially to eliminate potential hazards. However, it is challenging for flexible strain sensors to achieve hypersensitivity and omnidirectionality simultaneously due to the restrictions of many materials with anisotropic mechanical/electrical properties and some micro/nanostructures they employed. Herein, it is revealed that the vision‐degraded scorpion detects subtle vibrations spatially and omnidirectionally using a slit sensillum with fan‐shaped grooves. A bioinspired flexible strain sensor consisting of curved microgrooves arranged around a central circle is devised, exhibiting an unprecedented gauge factor of over 18 000 and stability over 7000 cycles. It can sense and recognize vibrations of diverse input waveforms at different locations, bouncing behaviors of a free‐falling bead, and human wrist pulses regardless of sensor installation angles. The geometric designs can be translated to other material systems for potential applications including human health monitoring and engineering failure detection.
Stereoselective Palladium‐Catalyzed C(sp3)−H Mono‐Arylation of Piperidines and Tetrahydropyrans with a C(4) Directing Group
Authors: Piticari Amalia‐Sofia , Antermite Daniele , Higham Joe I. , Moore J. Harry , Webster Matthew P. , Bull James A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA selective Pd‐catalyzed C(3)−H cis‐functionalization of piperidine and tetrahydropyran carboxylic acids is achieved using a C(4) aminoquinoline amide auxiliary. High mono‐ and cis‐selectivity is attained by using mesityl carboxylic acid as an additive. Conditions are developed with significantly lower reaction temperatures (≤50 °C) than other reported heterocycle C(sp3)−H functionalization reactions, which is facilitated by a DoE optimization. A one‐pot C−H functionalization‐epimerization procedure provides the trans‐3,4‐disubstituted isomers directly. Divergent aminoquinoline removal is accomplished with the installation of carboxylic acid, alcohol, amide and nitrile functional groups. Overall, fragment compounds suitable for screening are generated in 3–4 steps from readily‐available heterocyclic carboxylic acids.magnified image
Distal Construction of a Carbon‐SCF2R Bond on Aliphatic Alcohols Enabled by 1,5‐Hydrogen‐Atom Transfer
Authors: Petit‐Cancelier Fabien , Ruyet Louise , Couve‐Bonnaire Samuel , Besset Tatiana 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAn approach for the distal construction of a C(sp3)−SCF2R bond on aliphatic alcohols enabled by 1,5‐hydrogen‐atom transfer (HAT) was developed. In the presence of a hypervalent iodine (PIDA) and readily available ArSO2SCF2R reagents, this transition metal‐free approach allowed the remote functionalization of a broad variety of alcohols with emergent and high added‐value SCF2R moieties (R=H, F, CO2Et and PO(OEt)2) under blue light irradiation.magnified image