bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PERFORMANCE OF THE DACTYLIS GLOMERATA L. SPECIES IN THE CONDITIONS OF A.R.D.S. LOVRIN
Authors: RECHIŢEAN Dorin , BOSTAN Cristian , ISTRATE – SCHILLER Christianna , HORABLAGA Nicolae Marinel , COJOCARIU Luminiţa , COPĂCEAN Loredana , BORDEAN Maria – Despina , BUZNA Ciprian 
Published: December 2022

The Dactylis glomerata L. species is found in a spontaneous state in the meadows of Romania. It is an essential component in the composition of simple mixtures with alfalfa and complex mixtures along with other grasses and perennial legumes. The manifestation of agrobiological characteristics in Dactylis glomerate L. is characterised by complexity and variability, influenced by technology, soil, and climatic conditions that vary inherently in space and time. The research was focused on the knowledge of the agro-biological characteristics and production capacity of the species Dactylis glomerata L. in correlation with local conditions. The research was carried out at Agricultural Research-Development Station of Lovrin and as a biological material the cock's-foot genotype LVDG1 was used, the culture has been established in the Autumn of 2020. Biometric measurements were made on the main agro-biological characters until the first scythe was harvested as a green mass feed. Research shows that all parameters analyzed have the same tred, in both experimental years, with small variations, the differences being attributed to the lack of uniformity of precipitation, the temperature not being a restrictive factor. In the case of the experimental site, the characteristics and type of variation of the decadal quantities of atmospheric precipitation, expressed by the modified Angot index (km), show that in the range of 1.01 to 31.05. 2021, the decades with a pluviometric surplus prevail, with large differences compared to the same period of 2022, which is also found in the externalization of the characters in cock's-foot. The rainfall in the year 2021 contributed to a better expression of vegetative parameters, including the production of green mass at the first scythe. Hence, in 2021 was the highest production of green mass at the first scythe of 25 t.ha -1.
Entre “Dois Mundos”: A Experiência Vivida do Sujeito CODA
Authors: Oliveira Ana Rebeca Medeiros Nunes , Joca Terezinha Teixeira , Munguba Marilene Calderaro da Silva , Bloc Lucas Guimarães 
Published: December 2022

A sigla Coda foi criada para nomear os filhos ouvintes de pais surdos, uma abreviação para o termo em inglês “child of deaf adults”. São pessoas que transitam entre "dois mundos", vivendo suas experiências no mundo surdo, ao relacionar-se com a cultura e comunidade surda e comunicar-se com línguas de sinais, ao mesmo tempo que convive com costumes, povos e línguas do mundo ouvinte, e que exercem uma possível mediação cultural diante dessas comunidades. Este artigo tem como objetivo compreender o mundo vivido (Lebenswel) do sujeito Coda, que vive com características distintas, imerso no mundo ouvinte, e o mundo surdo. Este estudo é de cunho qualitativo, relevando aspectos voltados à realidade do sujeito e suas relações sociais, abordando questões culturais e identitárias. A partir do método fenomenológico, inspirado em Merleau-Ponty, no período de fevereiro a junho de 2019, foram realizadas a coleta de informações e sua análise a partir de entrevistas semiestruturadas com quatro participantes Codas. A análise dos dados seguiu os seguintes passos: divisão do texto nativo; análise descritiva e “sair dos parênteses”. Foram estabelecidas como categorias para análise: a responsabilidade de ser Coda e a experiência entre os dois mundos. Entende-se que a experiência diante do mundo vivido do Coda é atravessada tanto por um lugar comum de ser Coda, quanto por uma experiência singular. Conclui-se que não há como separar a experiência do vivido do sujeito Coda em mundo ouvinte e mundo surdo, pois ele se constitui entre esses dois mundos.
A Vulnerability Criterion of Dynamic Instability for Ship Course-Keeping in Following Waves
Authors: Margari Vicky , Spyrou Kostas J. 
Published: December 2022

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A practical criterion which can be used for assessing the course-keeping capability of a ship in following waves, is proposed and evaluated. Presently, it accounts for regular waves and it accrued from an analytical estimation of the course instability region’s boundary by applying the method of harmonic balance. The calculation is performed with regard to the third-order yaw equation, derived from a classic sway-yaw-rudder model of ship maneuvering motions, with time-dependent coefficients at two places, which is like a Mathieu-type equation extended to third order. The proposed analytical criterion was evaluated thoroughly against simulations with regard to this sway-yaw model and it was found to be adequately accurate. A supplementary quasi-static yaw stability criterion (fitting to ship operation with frequency of encounter, with respect to the waves, close to zero) was also considered in order to determine which one yields more stringent requirements, for various operating conditions. The proposed criterion could be an extra vulnerability check for broaching-to, in the context of the Second Generation Intact Stability Criteria.

Introduction
The difficulties of steering of ships in following seas have received the attention of the research community since more than 70 years ago (Davidson 1948). A relevant direction of research refers to the avoidance of the broaching-to instability and, in particular, to the development of practical criteria that could ensure sufficient course-keeping capability for a ship encountering steep following waves. Some classic works on this topic, such as those of DuCane and Goodrich (1962), Wahab and Swaan (1964), and Motora et al. (1981), were focused on the quasi-static condition of a ship on the wave which could be practically realized if the ship was advancing with speed equal to the wave celerity (zero frequency of encounter). As implied, these works were essentially focused on the avoidance of a type of broaching-to instability that is preceded by the realization of surf-riding, a phenomenon where the ship is forced to move with the wave, usually riding a downslope.
A proposed fetal risk scoring system for gestational diabetes to assist in optimising timing of delivery
Authors: Bhorat I , Reddy R 
Published: December 2022

Background. The pathophysiology of gestational diabetes, which is related to abnormal gluocose tolerance and hyperinsulinaemia, renders standard fetal monitoring models ineffective, insufficient and inappropriate, as these models revolve around detecting and prognosticating on placenta-mediated disease rather than increased metabolic rates due to hyperinsulinaemia, functional hypoxia and ischaemic trophoblastic thresholds. To improve perinatal morbidity and mortality in gestational diabetes, there is therefore a need to introduce new prognostic parameters and scoring systems.
Objectives. A proposed risk scoring system has been developed, based on our previous studies, to risk-categorise patients with gestational diabetes in terms of fetal outcome in view of the fact that the pathophysiology of gestational diabetes is not recognised by standard monitoring models, which revolve around placental insufficiency rather than metabolic anomalies.Methods. Patients with diabetes from four case-control studies were combined to form a total sample of 159 cases for validation of the risk scoring system. Univariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess the effect of individual risk factors with proposed cut-offs on adverse pregnancy outcome. The diagnostic accuracy of the total summative score was assessed by computing the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.
Results. Four potential parameters were identified to risk-categorise fetuses in a pregnancy complicated by gestational diabetes, i.e. the myocardial performance index (MPI), the E/A ratio (early diastolic filling/late diastolic filling, a marker of diastolic dysfunction), increasing fetal weight (macrosomia), and an increased amniotic fluid index. The total score, obtained by summation of the composite scores for these parameters, ranged from 0 to 11. The total score performed as an excellent predictor of adverse outcome, evidenced by an ROC area under the curve of 0.94. A cut-point of 6 on the score confers a sensitivity of 84.2% and specificity of 90.2% for predicting adverse outcome.
Conclusion. To our knowledge, this is the first gestational diabetes scoring system proposed to predict an adverse outcome.
Physical fitness changes in adolescents due to social distancing during the coronavirus disease pandemic in Korea
Authors: Lee Kwang-Jin , Seon Se-Young , Noh Byungjoo , An Keun-Ok 
Published: December 2022

Background
At least 60 min of moderate-intensity physical activity per day is recommended for physical and mental health of adolescents. Schools are one of the most suitable places for promoting students’ health as it is a place where vigorous physical activity occurs. However, the physical activity of students is threatened because schools are closed worldwide owing to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak in 2019. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the physical fitness changes in 27,782 Korean adolescents during the pandemic and present alternative education and health policies to the school.

Methods
We included 29,882 middle school students (age: 13–15 years; males: 14,941, females: 12,841) in Korea from 2019 to 2021 . Participants’ physical fitness at school was measured using the physical activity promotion system (PAPS) manual developed to measure students’ physical fitness. Physical fitness variables included body mass index (BMI), 20 m shuttle run, handgrip strength, sit-and-reach, and 50 m run.

Results
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative impact on the BMI and cardiorespiratory endurance of Korean middle school students. Specifically, male students’ BMI increased, while body composition, cardiorespiratory endurance, and grip strength decreased significantly. Female students showed significant decreases in BMI and sit-and-reach test scores. It is clear that the physical fitness level of adolescents decreased by a greater degree after the COVID-19 pandemic than before, and the decrease in the physical fitness level of male students was noticeable. Therefore, a lesson strategy should be prepared that considers the contents and methods of physical education classes to improve the physical fitness level of male and female adolescents.

Conclusions
Fitness-based classes suitable for online methods should be urgently added as alternative physical education classes to prepare for the second COVID-19 outbreak. In addition, it is necessary to create an environment in which physical activity is a possibility in physical education classes, in any situation using artificial intelligence and virtual reality.
Mapping Out the Motivations, Housing Patterns and Management Practices Adopted by 2018 Kerala Flood Affected Dairy Farmers
Authors: Patil Sachin B. , Joesph Biya Ann , George P. Reeja , Harikumar S. , Joy Greeshma 
Published: December 2022

A study on the dairy management practices adopted by dairy farmers who had been affected by the floods of 2018 was carried out in selected districts of Kerala state. A cross sectional survey design was employed for the study in which data were collected using structured interview schedules. Analysis of data revealed that 76.70 per cent of the respondents had housed their animals in traditional kutcha sheds. Raised platforms were seen in 84 per cent of the animal sheds. It was observed that 84.70 per cent of sheds had floors of concrete. Regarding the roof, it was observed that 89.30 per cent were constructed with sloping roof. The predominant roofing material used was sheets of galvanized iron (62.70 Per cent). Analysis of the occupational status of the farmers indicated that dairying was their primary occupation that majority of them undertook for self-employment (42 per cent) and additional income (32.70 per cent). On the adoption of important management practices, it was evident from the study that all the respondents had adopted scientific management practices such as regular vaccinations and regular deworming of dairy animals. However, it was also notable that 33.30 per cent of them had not adopted the practice of scientific disposal of carcass. This is important from the public health point of view, especially in event of natural calamities such as the Kerala Floods, 2018.
Oxidative Stress Potential, Genotoxic and Histopathological Effects of Ethanolic Extract of Alternanthera philoxeroides on Clarias gariepinus (Cat Fish)
Authors: Ashade Olufemi O. , Ladigbolu Rasaq A. , Okubanjo Abisola H. , Akanbi Ayomide E. 
Published: December 2022

This study used static bioassay to evaluate oxidative and genotoxic effect caused by ethanolic extract of A. philoxeroides in the liver of C. gariepinus as well as the Histopathological damages caused by the extract on the liver, gills and intestine of the fish. LC50 of the ethanolic extract of A. philoxeroides was determined by probit regression analysis. Fishes were exposed to the sublethal concentration of the extract at the rate of 1% and 10% concentration of the LC50 value in replicate for 21days. During the cause of exposure the fishes exhibited some behavioral changes such as erratic swimming pattern, restlessness and excessive mucus secretion. The oxidative stress study revealed that antioxidant enzyme activities were lower in the liver suggesting deficiency of the antioxidant system to compensate for oxidative stress. DNA damage was high in liver of the exposed fish indicating genotoxic effects. The histological structure of the liver of the fish showed the presence of traces to mild onset of nuclei degeneration. The gills of fish exposed to the extract showed severe collapse of the secondary lamella in conjunction with hyperplasia of the pillar cells within the lamella as well as severe atrophy of the cells, degeneration of the primary lamella and severe cellular and structural damages of the gills. The intestine of the fish group exposed to the extract revealed a small amount of PAS-positively stained substances in the lamina propria, mucus cells and the apical borders of the epithelial cells showing the presence of mucous substances. This study concluded that exposure of C. gariepinus to ethanolic extract of Alternanthera philoxeroides have the ability to negatively affect the behavior, suppress the activities of major antioxidant enzymes of the liver thereby causing oxidative stress, with consequent degeneration of liver and gill tissue which expresses its genotoxicity.
Structure Determination of Compounds from the Stem of Equisetum Ramosissmum
Authors: Hunde Diriba Borena , Ravichandran Dominic , Abdisa Zelalem , File Chaltu , Borena Desalegn 
Published: December 2022

This study was carried out to isolate the major constituents of stem of Equisetum Ramosissmum. The dimethyl ether extract was isolated by column chromatography to give one pure compound. The compound was identified as Isophthalic acid 1-(5- methyl-hexyl) ester 3-pentyl ester. The structures of the compounds were elucidated by means of 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and DEPT-135 spectral data and comparison with literature reports.
The Influences of COVID-19 Pandemic on Patient with Eating Disorders - A Literature Review
Authors: Priyanka Ruhi Akther , Nayan Md. Iqbal Hossain , Alam Md. Mohibul , Nandi Tirtha 
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Physical consequences have garnered the greatest attention during the coronavirus pandemic lockdowns, and few studies have studied the link between the COVID-19 lockdown and pre-existing mental health difficulties such as eating disorders (ED). Our main goal was to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on individuals suffering from ED.
Methods: We searched the online databases PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Springer for scientific articles published after September 2022 that studied the impact of coronavirus lockdowns on patients with ED. The authors analyzed 40 out of 76 publications that had the qualifying criteria. Most of these studies underline an increase in eating disorders prevalence and a list of associated behaviors related to the COVID-19 pandemic impact.
Results: Young adults are more prone to eating disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the individuals in hospital are suffered more from disordered eating behaviors. Disruption of lifestyle routine, social isolation, restricted access to customary support networks, limited or no access to healthcare and mental health services, and social anxiety were all related to symptomatic worsening in ED patients during COVID-19 lockdowns. We identified a large increase in hospitalizations during the pandemic, as well as an increase in EDs symptoms and mental health concerns among ED patients.
Conclusion: This study identifies children and adolescents, as well as adults with a history of an eating disorder, as particularly sensitive populations to the COVID-19 pandemic's effects. More research in understudied and minority populations is needed, as well as an examination of the long-term effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on eating behaviors.
Ammonia Synthesis – Biomimetic
Authors: Richards Raymond L. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn addition to binding and reducing N2(to NH3), the nitrogenase enzyme binds and reduces at its metal–sulfur cluster center (FeMoco) a number of alternative substrates including acetylene, hydrazine, cyanide, isocyanides, and the proton. This enzyme is also inhibited by CO. In order to help understand the detailed mechanism of these reactions, a number of metal‐containing systems have been developed which seek to mimic the properties of the enzyme system. In general, these include systems formed from mixing salts of the appropriate metals (Fe, Mo, or V) and reducing agents, which reduce nitrogenase substrates; systems involving metal–sulfur cluster molecules which interact with certain nitrogenase substrates and/or CO; and mononuclear metal complexes which contain a nitrogenase substrate, or CO, bound to the metal. This article describes a range of such systems and indicates the knowledge drawn from them with regard to the role of the metal centers in the catalytic action of nitrogenase.
Catalysis by Solid Acids
Authors: Gates B. C. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis article is an introduction to catalysis by solid acids, with an emphasis on principles and a selection of industrially important examples chosen to illustrate them. Acid catalysts often provide a proton to a reactant to initiate a catalytic cycle, but often the chemistry is more complex. Brønsted acid sites (usually surface OH groups) and Lewis acid sites (such as Al3+ions at a surface) are often important, and other groups, such as metals and redox groups on the catalyst surface, may also play a role, for example, in initiation of catalysis. Subtleties in the catalytic chemistry are associated with various acid–base interactions, such as adsorption of a basic product on the proton donors that are catalytic sites. The best‐understood solid acid catalysts are those with the simplest structures, crystalline solids such as zeolites. Methods are available for counting the proton‐donor sites in them. In one example of catalysis by an acidic zeolite, catalytic cracking of an alkane, there is a clear linear dependence of the catalytic activity on the number of proton‐donor groups in the zeolite. Theory is beginning to have an impact on the understanding of the simplest catalytic reactions catalyzed by solid acids. Mass transfer effects may be important, as in shape‐selective catalysis by some zeolites, and other phenomena related to the catalyst pore structure may be important, as in restricted transition state shape‐selective catalysis of alkane cracking in some zeolites.
Catalytic Antibodies
Authors: Hasserodt Jens , Janda Kim D. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA treatise from the discovery, through the progression, to our current understanding of the catalytic antibody field is presented. It encompasses antibody structure and function, techniques used to procure antibody catalysts, catalytic antibodies by reaction class, mechanisms through which antibodies catalyze reactions, selection/screening methods for catalysis, and potential applications of catalytic antibodies.
Cytochrome P450/Models
Authors: Cheek Jennifer , Coulter Eric D. , Dawson John H. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCytochrome P450 is a monooxygenase that contains an iron heme active site. This enzyme catalyzes the activation of molecular oxygen with the resulting insertion of one oxygen atom into organic substrates. In order to understand how this catalytic system functions, it is essential to know the structure of the active site and the changes that this catalytic center undergoes during its reaction cycle. Over the past 40 years, this has been a subject of intense research and has resulted in an abundance of both structural and mechanistic knowledge. Several researchers have succeeded in mimicking many of the properties of cytochrome P450 using synthetic porphyrins and genetically engineered mutants of other well‐characterized heme proteins. Furthermore, the activity of P450 can be manipulated extensively through the use of genetic engineering and carefully constructed substrates. However, P450 researchers continue to ask the fundamental question: how does the enzyme activate dioxygen? The involvement of an oxoferryl porphyrin π‐cation radical as the “active oxygen” intermediate in the P450 reaction cycle has long been suspected, but it has not yet been observed during dioxygen‐ and substrate‐dependent turnover of the enzyme. Nonetheless, by focusing on the similarities between P450 enzymes and the peroxidases, a significantly higher degree of understanding of P450 mechanism of action has been developed.
Iron Enzymes and Models
Authors: Marlin Dana S. , Mascharak Pradip K. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn recent years, iron complexes of designed ligands have been synthesized as mimics of the active sites of the various non‐heme iron enzymes. The reactions of these model complexes have been studied to establish the mechanisms of the enzymatic reactions as well as the identities of the intermediates involved in the biocatalytic processes. The ultimate goal in these endeavors is to isolate functional mimics that could be employed in biomimetic catalysis under mild conditions. This review provides key references to the burgeoning literature on the results of research performed by various groups in the area of oxygen activation, oxygenation of organic substrates, amide hydrolysis, and other useful chemical transformations. Examples of good structural and functional models have been included along with brief descriptions of the enzymes. The role of the coordination spheres of the iron centers and the nature of the key iron‐peroxo and/or hypervalent iron‐oxo intermediates have been discussed. Results of the attempted catalysis by the functional model complexes have also been discussed to highlight the challenge involved in bio‐inspired catalysis as well as the success of the modeling work completed so far.