bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting how pollinator behavior causes reproductive isolation
Authors: Hopkins Robin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPollinator behavior is an important contributor to plants speciation, yet how variation in pollinator behavior causes variation in reproductive isolation (RI) is largely uncharacterized. Here I present a model that predicts how two aspects of pollinator behavior, constancy and preference, contribute to a barrier to reproduction in plants. This model is motivated by two observations: most co‐occurring plants vary in frequency over space and time, and most plants have multiple pollinators that differ in behavior. Thus, my goal was to understand how relative frequencies of plants and pollinators in a community influence ethological RI between co‐occurring plants. I find that RI for a focal plant generally increases with increasing relative plant frequency, but the shape of this relationship is highly dependent on the strength of pollinator behavior (constancy and preference). Additionally, when multiple pollinators express different behavior, I find that pollinators with stronger preference disproportionately influence RI. But, I show that RI caused by constancy is the average RI predicted from constancy of each pollinator weighted by pollinator frequency. I apply this model to examples of pollinator‐mediated RI in Phlox and in Ipomopsis to predict the relationships between plant frequency and ethological RI in natural systems. This model provides new insights into how and why pollinator specialization causes RI, and how RI could change with changing biological communities.
Reduced habitat quality increases intrinsic but not ecological costs of reproduction
Authors: Michel Vanja T. , Tschumi Matthias , Naef‐Daenzer Beat , Keil Herbert , Grüebler Martin U. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAlthough the costs of reproduction are predicted to vary with the quality of the breeding habitat thereby affecting population dynamics and life‐history trade‐offs, empirical evidence for this pattern remains sparse and equivocal. Costs of reproduction can operate through immediate ecological mechanisms or through delayed intrinsic mechanisms. Ignoring these separate pathways might hinder the identification of costs and the understanding of their consequences. We experimentally investigated the survival costs of reproduction for adult little owls (Athene noctua) within a gradient of habitat quality. We supplemented food to nestlings, thereby relieving the parents’ effort for brood provisioning. We used radio‐tracking and Bayesian multistate modeling based on marked recapture and dead recovery to estimate survival rates of adult little owls across the year as a function of food supplementation and habitat characteristics. Food supplementation to nestlings during the breeding season increased parental survival not only during the breeding season but also during the rest of the year. Thus, the low survival of parents of unfed broods likely represents both, strong ecological and strong intrinsic costs of reproduction. However, while immediate ecological costs occurred also in high‐quality habitats, intrinsic costs carrying over to the post‐breeding period occurred only in low‐quality habitats. Our results suggest that immediate costs resulting from ecological mechanisms such as predation, are high also in territories of high habitat quality. Long‐term costs resulting from intrinsic trade‐offs, however, are only paid in low‐quality habitats. Consequently, differential effects of habitat quality on immediate ecological and delayed intrinsic mechanisms can mask the increase of costs of reproduction in low‐quality breeding habitats. Intrinsic costs may represent an underrated mechanism of habitat quality affecting adult survival rate thereby considerably accelerating population decline in degrading habitats. This study therefore highlights the need for a long‐term perspective to fully assess the costs of reproduction and the role of habitat quality in modifying these costs.
Transcriptome analysis provides new insights into cold adaptation of corsac fox (Vulpes Corsac)
Authors: Yang Xiufeng , Sun Guolei , Xia Tian , Cha Muha , Zhang Lei , Pang Bo , Tang Qingming , Dou Huashan , Zhang Honghai 
Published: April 2022

AbstractVulpesare widely distributed throughout the world and have undergone drastic physiological and phenotypic changes in response to their environment. However, little is known about the underlying genetic causes of these traits, especially Vulpes corsac. In this study, RNA‐Seq was used to obtain a comprehensive dataset for multiple pooled tissues of corsac fox, and selection analysis of orthologous genes was performed to identify the genes that may be influenced by the low‐temperature environment. More than 6.32 Gb clean reads were obtained and assembled into a total of 173,353 unigenes with an average length of 557 bp for corsac fox. Selective pressure analysis showed that 16 positively selected genes (PSGs) were identified in corsac fox, red fox, and arctic fox. Enrichment analysis of PSGs showed that the LRP11 gene was enriched in several pathways related to the low‐temperature response and might play a key role in response to environmental stimuli of foxes. In addition, several positively selected genes were related to DNA damage repair (ELP2 and CHAF1A), innate immunity (ARRDC4 and S100A12), and the respiratory chain (NDUFA5), and these positively selected genes might play a role in adaptation to harsh wild fox environments. The results of common orthologous gene analysis showed that gene flow or convergent evolution might be an important factor in promoting regional differentiation of foxes. Our study provides a valuable transcriptomic resource for the evolutionary history of the corsac fox and the adaptations to the extreme environments.
Inborn errors of immunity and immunodeficiencies: Antibody‐mediated pathology and autoimmunity as a consequence of impaired immune reactions
Authors: Minguet Susana , Nyström Alexander , Kiritsi Dimitra , Rizzi Marta 
Published: April 2022

AbstractB‐cell tolerance to self‐antigen is an active process that requires the temporal and spatial integration of signals of defined intensity. In common variable immune deficiency disorders, CTLA‐4 deficiency, autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome, or in collagen VII deficiency, genetic defects in molecules regulating development, activation, maturation, and ECM composition alter the generation of B cells, resulting in immunodeficiency. Paradoxically, at the same time, the defective immune processes favor autoantibody production and immunopathology through impaired establishment of tolerance. The development of systemic autoimmunity in the framework of defective BCR signaling is relatively unusual in genetic mouse models. In sharp contrast, such reduced signaling in humans is clearly linked to pathological autoimmunity. The molecular mechanisms by which tolerance is broken in these settings are only starting to be explored resulting in novel therapeutic interventions. For instance, in CTLA‐4 deficiency, homeostasis can be restored by CTLA‐4 Ig treatment. Following this example, the identification of the molecular targets causing the reduced signals and their restoration is a visionary way to reestablish tolerance and develop novel therapeutic avenues for immunopathologies.
Homoleptic and Heteroleptic Substituted Amidomethylpyridine Iron Complexes: Synthesis, Structure and Polymerization of rac‐Lactide
Authors: Hashmi Obaid H. , Capet Frederic , Visseaux Marc , Champouret Yohan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe synthesis of iron complexes bearing amidomethylpyridine ligands, one homoleptic [2‐[(2,6‐iPr2‐C6H3)NC(Me)]C5H4N]2Fe (1) complex and two heteroleptic silylamide iron complexes [2‐[(2,6‐iPr2‐C6H3)NC(Me)]‐6‐R‐C5H4N]Fe(N(SiMe3)2)C5H5N (R=H, 2Py and R=Me, 3Py), are described together with their application as catalysts for the Ring‐Opening Polymerization (ROP) of rac‐lactide (rac‐LA). The determination of the crystal structure of the three iron complexes is reported as well as their behavior in solution by means of 1H NMR studies. All of these complexes have shown to be active for the polymerization of rac‐LA at 50 °C in toluene, producing, among others, high molecular weight polylactides (PLA) according to SEC analysis, along with a portion of low molecular weight cyclic polymer (cPLA) on the basis of MALDI spectra.
Regioselective Hydroxylation of Stilbenes by White‐Rot Fungal P450s Enables Preparative‐Scale Synthesis of Stilbenoids
Authors: Fessner Nico D. , Weber Hansjörg , Glieder Anton 
Published: April 2022

AbstractScaling up biocatalytic reactions involving cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) is challenging due to their instability, low substrate loading, co‐factor, and oxygen requirements as well as the dependency on a reductase partner, which limits their integration into synthetic chemistry. Recently, a biocatalytic study investigated frequently used bacterial P450s to produce bioactive stilbenoids, extending the repertoire of sustainable synthetic strategies with remarkable success. This article explores the complementary application of less common eukaryotic P450s as a viable alternative for generating the same compounds when employed as a Pichia pastoris‐based whole‐cell biocatalyst. In a direct comparison to their bacterial equivalents, the recently discovered P450s CYP5035S7 and CYP5035S9 from the white‐rot fungus Polyporus arcularius are shown to be competitively efficient at synthesising stilbenoids at preparative‐scale.
Fungal β‐Mannosyloxymannitol Glycolipids and Their Analogues: Synthesis and Mincle‐Mediated Signaling Activity
Authors: Matsumaru Takanori , Sakuratani Kasumi , Yanaka Saeko , Kato Koichi , Yamasaki Sho , Fujimoto Yukari 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMincle, a C‐type lectin receptor (CLR), senses certain lipid conjugates, leading to the activation of the innate immune system. The lipid conjugate ligands include glyco‐, glycero‐, and mannitol lipids. Recently, a fungal β‐mannosyloxymannitol glycolipid demonstrating a novel architecture, “44‐2,” was isolated from the fungus Malassezia and displayed potent Mincle‐mediated signaling activity. For this study, we synthesized the diastereomeric pair of mannosyloxymannitol glycolipids and their analogues and analyzed the structure‐activity relationships of Mincle‐mediated signaling. The results suggest that the dimannosyl‐fatty acid moiety in the mannosyloxymannitol glycolipid‐type structure plays a major role in the molecular recognition of Mincle.
Regioselective Ring‐Opening of Epoxide and N‐Tosylaziridine with 4‐Hydroxydithiocoumarin: Key Precursors for 2,3‐Dihydro‐1,4‐oxathiin and 2,3‐Dihydro‐1,4‐thiazine Derivatives
Authors: Mondal Santa , Sarkar Shilpi , Ghosh Siddhartha S. , Khan Abu Taleb 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRegioselective ring‐opening reaction between 4‐hydroxydithiocoumarins with various epoxides and N‐tosylaziridines is achieved for the synthesis of β‐hydroxysulfides and β‐N‐tosylaminosulfides. The present protocols showed high regioselectivity, broad substrates scope compatibility, and mild reaction conditions. In addition, some of the ring‐opening products are utilized for the conversion of 2,3‐dihydro‐1,4‐oxathiin and 2,3‐dihydro‐1,4‐thiazine derivatives in presence of 10 mol% CuI in DMF at 120°C. Moreover, the antiproliferative activity study of the newly synthesized compounds, namely β‐hydroxysulfides (3 d, 3 i & 3 m) and β‐aminosulfides (5 a & 5 e), have been investigated. Furthermore, flow cytometry analysis‐based measurements of elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon treatment of MCF‐7 and HeLa cells with 3 d, 3 i, and 3 m are commensurate with their anti‐cancer properties.
Data‐driven battery degradation prediction: Forecasting voltage‐capacity curves using one‐cycle data
Authors: Tian Jinpeng , Xiong Rui , Shen Weixiang , Lu Jiahuan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWith the wide deployment of rechargeable batteries, battery degradation prediction has emerged as a challenging issue. However, battery life defined by capacity loss provides limited information regarding battery degradation. In this article, we explore the prediction of voltage‐capacity curves over battery lifetime based on a sequence to sequence (seq2seq) model. We demonstrate that the data of one present voltage‐capacity curve can be used as the input of the seq2seq model to accurately predict the voltage‐capacity curves at 100, 200, and 300 cycles ahead. This offers an opportunity to update battery management strategies in response to the predicted consequences. Besides, the model avoids feature engineering and is flexible to incorporate different numbers of input and output cycles. Therefore, it can be easily transplanted to other battery systems or electrochemical components. Furthermore, the model features data generation, that is, we can use the data of only one cycle to generate a large spectrum of aging data at the future cycles for developing other battery diagnosis or prognosis methods. In this way, the time and energy consuming battery degradation tests can be sharply reduced.image
A complex network community detection algorithm based on random walk and label propagation
Authors: Benazi Makhlouf , Lounnas Bilal , Mokhtari Rabah 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe community structure is proving to have a very important role in the understanding of complex networks, but discovering them remains a very difficult problem despite the existence of several methods. In this article, we propose a novel algorithm for discovering communities in complex networks based on a modified random walk (RW) and label propagation algorithm (LPA). First, we calculate the similarity between nodes based on the new formula of RW. Then, the labels are propagated by the obtained similarity of the first step using LPA. Finally, the third step will be a new measure to find the optimal partitioning of communities. Experimental results obtained on several real and synthetic networks reveal that our algorithm outperforms existing methods in finding communities.
The association among calorie, macronutrient, and micronutrient intake with colorectal cancer: A case–control study
Authors: Gholamalizadeh Maryam , Behrad Nasab Mojgan , Ahmadzadeh Mina , Doaei Saeid , Jonoush Mona , Shekari Soheila , Afsharfar Maryam , Hosseinzadeh Payam , Abbastorki Saheb , Akbari Mohammad Esmail , Hashemi Maryam , Omidi Saeed , Vahid Farhad , Mosavi Jarrahi Alireza , Lavasani Ali 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) can be influenced by dietary components. This study aims to investigate the association between dietary intake and CRC in Iranian adults. This hospital‐based case–control study was performed on 160 patients with CRC and 320 healthy people. General and pathological data were collected through face‐to‐face interviews. A validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess the intake of calories, macronutrients, and micronutrients. The case group had a significantly higher intake of calories, carbohydrates, vitamin A, vitamin K, fluoride, and molybdenum and a lower intake of vitamin E, vitamin B1, beta carotene, biotin, folate, magnesium, selenium, manganese, and fiber (all p < .001). CRC was positively associated with the intake of carbohydrate (OR: 1.01, CI% 1.03–1.01, p = .001), and vitamin A (OR: 1.009, CI 95% 1.006–1.01, p = .001) and negatively associated with intake of fiber (OR: 0.67, CI 95% 0.59–0.76, p = .001), beta carotene (OR: 0.99, CI 95% 0.99–0.99, p = .001), vitamin E (OR: 0.27, CI 95% 0.15–0.47, p = .001), folate (OR: 0.98 CI 95% 0.97–0.98, p = .001), and biotin (OR: 0.83, CI 95% 0.77–0.90, p = .001). The associations remained significant after adjusting for age and sex. Further adjustments for physical activity, alcohol consumption, and smoking did not change the results. The results identified that the risk of colorectal cancer can be influenced by dietary intake. Further longitudinal studies are needed to confirm these findings and to identify the underlying mechanisms of the effects of dietary components on the risk of colorectal cancer.
Garlic essential oil‐based nanoemulsion carrier: Release and stability kinetics of volatile components
Authors: Hassanzadeh Hamed , Alizadeh Mohammad , Hassanzadeh Reza , Ghanbarzadeh Babak 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAn O/W nanoemulsion of garlic essential oil (GEO) at different oil‐to‐emulsion (O/E) ratios (5%, 10%, 15%, and 25%) was formulated to protect the volatile components of GEO. The effects of O/E ratios on the encapsulation efficiency (EE%) of volatile compounds and droplet size of nanoemulsions were studied. The results showed that with increasing in E/O ratio, droplet size increased while EE% decreased so that the droplet size was below 100 nm for all samples and the EE% was almost above 80% for most samples. The effects of various factors such as temperature (5°C–45°C), pH values (3–7), ionic strength (0–500 mM), and O/E ratios (5%–25%) on kinetic of nanoemulsions stability were studied. Reducing pH values and raising the temperature, ionic strength, and O/E ratios intensified the instability process and constant rate of instability in all nanoemulsions. The effects of temperature and O/E ratios on the release kinetics of volatile components were evaluated over time, and kinetic parameters such as release rate constant (k), Q10, and activation energy (Ea) were calculated in which results showed a zero‐degree model to describe the release kinetic behavior of most nanoemulsions. Both temperature and O/E ratios factors as well as their interaction (which had a synergistic effect) had a significant effect on increasing the release rate of volatiles so that the degree of reaction rate was changed from zero to the first order at simultaneous high levels of both factors. FT‐IR spectroscopy was carried out to study interactions among nanoemulsion ingredients. The presence of sulfur‐containing functional groups of garlic oil (thiosulphate, diallyl trisulfide, etc.) in nanoemulsions was confirmed by FT‐IR.
Fabrication of nanoemulsion delivery system with high bioaccessibility of carotenoids from Lycium barbarum by spontaneous emulsification
Authors: Zhang Chunlan , Li Bin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe interest in incorporating carotenoids into foods and beverages is growing due to their potential health benefits. However, the poor water solubility and low bioavailability of carotenoids are still challenges in food application. This work aimed to study the influence of system composition and preparation conditions on the physical properties of carotenoids‐loaded nanoemulsions prepared by spontaneous emulsification. Furthermore, the bioaccessibility of carotenoids in the nanoemulsions was evaluated. The nanoemulsions with the smallest droplet size were produced when the ratio of Span 80:Tween 80 was 1.5:8.5. The droplet size increased slightly with the increase of organic phase content (24%–40%). The droplet size decreased gradually with the increase of stirring speed (200–1000 rpm (revolutions per minute)). The ratio of mixed surfactants and surfactant‐to‐oil ratio (SOR) had an appreciable impact on the droplet size. Carotenoids‐loaded nanoemulsions with small mean droplet size (d < 50 nm) could be prepared with the optimized conditions. The initial digestion rate decreased as the SOR increased. The bioaccessibility could reach up to about 80% at SOR=2–5 in vitro digestion. These results have important implications for the design of effective delivery systems to encapsulate carotenoids and other lipophilic bioactive components in food applications.
The effect of poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) conduit loading insulin‐like growth factor 1 modified by a collagen‐binding domain on peripheral nerve injury in rats
Authors: Zhang Jun , Zhang Yan , Jiang Yi Kun , Li Jian An , Wei Wan Fu , Shi Ming Peng , Wang Yan Bing , Jia Guo Liang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPeripheral nerve injury (PNI) exists widely and seriously affects patients' daily lives. However, the effect of nerve repair is still limited, and only 50% of patients can recover useful functions. To overcome these obstacles, collagen‐coated poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) conduits loaded with CBD‐IGF‐1 were designed and tested in vitro and in vivo. The physical characterization of the conduit was tested by scanning electron microscopy, and the static water contact angle, release rate, and nerve regeneration ability of the conduit were verified in a rat sciatic nerve injury model. The results showed that the PLGA/col/CBD‐IGF‐1 conduit had a rough surface and good hydrophilicity. CBD‐IGF‐1 could be released slowly from the PLGA/col/CBD‐IGF‐1 conduit. In the in vivo experiment, gait analysis and electrophysiological evaluation showed that the sciatic functional index and electrophysiological parameters were best in the group treated with the PLGA/col/CBD‐IGF‐1 conduit. The pathological examination results for the sciatic nerve and gastrocnemius muscle in the group treated with the PLGA/col/CBD‐IGF‐1 conduit were better than those in the other three groups. In short, this study demonstrated the beneficial effects of CBD‐IGF‐1 in nerve regeneration. The PLGA/col/CBD‐IGF‐1 conduit has therapeutic potential for use in the treatment of PNI.
Preparation and characterization of a new bio nanocomposites based poly(glycerol sebacic‐urethane) containing nano‐clay (Cloisite Na+) and its potential application for tissue engineering
Authors: Jaberi Navid , Fakhri Vafa , Zeraatkar Ali , Jafari Aliakbar , Uzun Lokman , Shojaei Shahrokh , Asefnejad Azadeh , Faghihi Rezaei Vahid , Goodarzi Vahabodin , Su Chia‐Hung , Ghaffarian Anbaran S. Reza 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNanocomposites containing clay nanoparticles often present favorable properties such as good mechanical and thermal properties. They frequently have been studied for tissue engineering (TE) and regenerative medicine applications. On the other hand, poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS), a revolutionary bioelastomer, has exhibited substantial potential as a promising candidate for biomedical application. Here, we present a facile approach to synthesizing stiff, elastomeric nanocomposites from sodium‐montmorillonite nano‐clay (MMT) in the commercial name of Cloisite Na+ and poly(glycerol sebacate urethane) (PGSU). The strong physical interaction between the intercalated Cloisite Na+ platelets and PGSU chains resulted in desirable property combinations for TE application to follow. The addition of 5% MMT nano‐clay resulted in an over two‐fold increase in the tensile modulus, increased the onset thermal decomposition temperature of PGSU matrix by 18°C, and noticeably improved storage modulus of the prepared scaffolds, compared with pure PGSU. As well, Cloisite Na+ enhanced the hydrophilicity and water uptake ability of the samples and accelerated the in‐vitro biodegradation rate. Finally, in‐vitro cell viability assay using L929 mouse fibroblast cells indicated that incorporating Cloisite Na+ nanoparticles into the PGSU network could improve the cell attachment and proliferation, rendering the synthesized bioelastomers potentially suitable for TE and regenerative medicine applications.