bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CITIZENS AND THE CHURCH IN ENGLAND DURING THE REFORMATION (BASED ON LONDON MATERIAL OF THE XVIth c.)
Authors: Чернова Л.Н. 
Published: January 2022

В статье рассматривается влияние Реформации на экономическую жизнь и социокультур-ные представления горожан Лондона, выявляются различные конфессиональные предпочтения и неоднозначное отношение купцов и ремесленных мастеров к церковной политике английских мо-нархов, особенно к секуляризации монастырских имуществ. На материале оригинальных источни-ков автор показывает активное участие богатых горожан в покупке бывших монастырских и цер-ковных земель, переориентацию купечества с рынка в Антверпене на рынки Гамбурга и Данцига, заинтересованность предприимчивых горожан в светском образовании, нашедшую отражение в основании ими бесплатных грамматических школ. Вместе с тем отмечается, что среди части го-рожан сохранялась приверженность католичеству: неприятие реформационного вероучения и но-вой обрядности, политики королевской власти в отношении церкви.
The article examines the influence of the Reformation on the economic life and socio-cultural views of Londonʼs citizens, reveals various confessional preferences and the ambiguous attitude of mer-chants and artisans to the ecclesiastical policy of the English monarchs, especially to the secularization of monastic properties. Basing on the material of the original sources the author shows the active participa-tion of rich citizens in the purchase of former monastery and church lands, the merchantsʼ reorientation from the market in Antwerp to the markets of Hamburg and Danzig, the interest of enterprising citizens in secular education that is reflected in the foundation of free grammar schools. At the same time it is noted that among some of the citizens remained committed to Catholicism: rejection of the Reformation doctrine and the new rite, the policy of the royal government in relation to the Church.
PRA-EKSISTENSI YESUS BERDASARKAN BUKTI-BUKTI INJIL YOHANES
Authors: Putra Adi 
Published: January 2022

This paper discusses the pre-existence of Jesus based on some evidences in the Gospel of John. This subject discusses two things, namely: the divinity of Jesus and rejects views that do not approve of Jesus’ pre-existence. In this paper uses a qualitative approach with the method of exegesis of several texts or passages in the Gospel of John, and based on some evidence from the Gospel of John, all of them confirm the pre-existence of Jesus, where He was even before the world was created.

Artikel ini mendiskusikan pra-eksistensi Yesus didasarkan pada beberapa bukti dalam Injil Yohanes. Topik ini mendiskusikan dua hal, yaitu: keilahian Yesus dan pandangan-pandangan yang tidak mengakui pra-eksistensi Yesus. Artikel ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode eksegesis dari beberapa teks atau bagian-bagian (pasal-pasal) dalam Injil Yohanes, dan didasakan pada beberapa bukti dari Injil Yohanes, semua menegaskan pra-eksistensi Yesus, di mana Ia bahkan ada sebelum dunia diciptakan.
MAKNA TEOLOGIS DAN APLIKASI DARI STRATEGI PEMBELAJARAN YAHUDI UNTUK PENDIDIKAN AGAMA KRISTEN MASA KINI
Authors: Tanasyah Yusak , Missa Antonius 
Published: January 2022

The Jewish nation, which has been present for thousands of years in the world, has had no small influence on the development of mankind, especially in the field of education. Jews who have the same holy book or God's law as Christianity, which is sourced from the Torah, provide guidelines and implementation of how to carry out education that is applicable and useful for mankind. The Torah which is the source and guidance is a book that is taught and applied in the daily life of the Jewish people. The question is what learning strategies are used in implementing and carrying out education? Learning strategies are important to know because they involve how to bring learning to students to be more effective. Learning strategies provide content and creativity as well as core values ??to students to capture messages conveyed from educators to students. Christian religious education cannot escape the meaning and application of Jewish learning strategies as it has the same foundation in the law or the word of God. The method used in this study is qualitative research sourced from literature originating from books, journals, and data from internet media which is formulated to be applied for today.

Bangsa Yahudi yang ribuan tahun hadir di dalam dunia telah memberikan pengaruh besar atas perkembangan manusia khususnya di dalam bidang Pendidikan. Yahudi yang memiliki kitab suci atau dan hukum Tuhan yang sama dengan kekristenan yang mana bersumber dari Taurat memberikan pedoman dan pelaksanaan bagaimana menjalankan pendidikan yang aplikatif dan berguna bagi umat manusia. Taurat yang adalah sumber dan petunjuk merupakan kitab yang diajarkan dan diterapkan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari umat Yahudi. Pertanyaannya adalah strategi pembelajaran apakah yang dipakai dalam menerapkan dan menjalankan pendidikan? Strategi pembelajaran menjadi penting untuk diketahui karena menyangkut bagaimana membawa pembelajaran kepada peserta didik untuk lebih efektif. Strategi pembelajaran memberikan muatan dan kreatifitas serta nilai inti kepada peserta didik untuk menangkap pesan yang disampaikan dari pendidik ke peserta didik. Pendidikan agama Kristen tidak dapat melepaskan diri dari makna dan penerapan dari strategi pembelajaran orag Yahudi sebagaimana memiliki pondasi yang sama di dalam hukum atau firman Allah. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif yang bersumber dari literatur yang berasal dari buku, journal dan data dari media internet yang dirumuskan untuk diambil aplikasinya bagi masa kini.
MODEL PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS MASALAH (PBM) DALAM PEMBELAJARAN DI SEKOLAH TINGGI TEOLOGI PADA MASA DAN PASCA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Sutrisno Sutrisno , Hutabarat Christiani , Malau Maya 
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this study is to provide an authentic picture of the learning model that is carried out appropriately both during the pandemic and post-pandemic in an effort to stick to the target of Education 4.0 by utilizing several learning methods. This study uses a qualitative method. The data collection technique uses direct observation through the online teaching and learning process so that real data can be obtained. Observational data are primary data in this study, while secondary data in this study were obtained from interviews with central persons related to the research material in this case, namely; teachers and students. The results showed that one of the appropriate learning models both during and after the pandemic was the Problem Based Learning model. Problem-Based Learning is appropriate to apply because it takes a learning approach where students can work on authentic problems, compiles their own knowledge, develops inquiry and thinking skills to a higher level, develops independence, and self-confidence, and everything can be done either directly or indirectly virtual.

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memberikan gambaran secara otentik tentang model pembelajaran yang dilakukan secara tepat baik dimasa pandemi maupun pasca pandemi dalam usaha untuk tetap menuju target Pendidikan 4.0 dengan memanfaatkan beberapa metode pembelajaran. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif lapangan. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan pengamatan langsung melalui proses belajar mengajar daring sehingga dapat di peroleh data yang rill. Data pengamatan adalah data primer dalam penelitian ini, sedangkan data sekunder penelitian ini diperoleh dari wawancara dengan person-person sentral terkait materi penelitian dalam hal ini yaitu; dosen dan mahasiswa/i. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa salah satu model pembelajaran yang tepat baik dimasa maupun pasca pandemi adalah model Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah (PBM). Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah tepat diterapkan karena melakukan pendekatan pembelajaran di mana mahasiswa/i dapat mengerjakan permasalahan yang autentik, menyusun pengetahuan mereka sendiri, mengembangkan inquiri dan keterampilan berpikir ke tingkat lebih tinggi, mengembangkan kemandirian, dan percaya diri, dan semuanya dapat dilakukan baik secara langsung maupun secara virtual.
PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PIDANA PELAKU USAHA JASA PENGIRIMAN BARANG
Authors: Suyanto Suyanto , Kamil M. Widad 
Published: January 2022

Â â€œPertanggung jawaban pidana pelaku usaha jasa pengiriman barang.â€Yang dalam penulisannya menggunakan metode penelitian yang bersifat normative, dengan menggunakan pendekatan Undang-Undang (Statute Approach), pendekan konseptual (Conseptual Approach), dan pendekatan historis (Historical Approach). Rumusan masalah dalam peneliatian ini adalah :Perlindungan Hukum Pelaku Usaha Jasa Pemgiriman Barang Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Perlindungan Konsumen?Pertanggungjawaban Pihak Jasa Pengiriman Barang Terhadap Konsumen yang dirugikan ?Dari penelitian hukum yang telah dilakukan dengan menggunakan penelitian yang disebut diatas, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa, pada rumusan masalah yang pertama mengenai ketidakjujuran pihak pengguna jasa pengiriman dapat diatur dalam Pasal 4 sampai Pasal 7 Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang perlindungan konsumen.Â Kata KunciÂ Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â : Tindak pidana perlindungan konsumen
Mobile Learning and Readiness of Ongoing Foreign Language Teacher Candidates for Future Retrospective Studies
Authors: Başaran Bora 
Published: January 2022

Due to technical advancements, humanity has seen a variety of sociological transformations. In historical terms, the move to sedentary life may be categorized widely into two categories: industrial society and information society. It also indicates that these changes and advances are permanent in the educational and training contexts and that the link between teaching and technology is anchored and evolving. The specific differences of each student will be taken into account in future foreign language classrooms, as well as providing them with an active role, associating their learning, and equipping teachers with technical tools. This may be accomplished by submitting the future approach to educational settings to teacher candidates. The readiness is an essential factor, as the quality of preparation of teacher candidates and technology itself. Further technical breakthroughs have affected our everyday lives, the formation of new vehicles utilized in educational contexts, and the development of new methodologies, including today&rsquo;s smart tablet computers from the abacus. Today&rsquo;s research reflects the need to consider the potential effects of the Covid pandemic from a broader viewpoint. According to this perspective, rather than being viewed as an event, the integration of technology into education should be seen as a process influenced by variables other than only technological development. It is critical to assess the current situation in light of the history of technology and the existing situation in the present and changes throughout time as indicators of future developments. However, the extent of current data on the usage of mobile technology, which falls under the category of mobile technology, limits the reach of a retrospective cohort study (also called a historical cohort study or with a more general name longitudinal cohort study). The purpose of this study is to present data for future Longitudinal Cohort Studies by illustrating the degree of readiness of ongoing Anadolu University, Faculty of Education German as a Foreign Language Teacher Candidates.
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¿Desigualdad territorial en Selectividad? Analizando la asignatura de matemáticas en Ciencias Sociales
Authors: Faura-Martínez Úrsula , Lafuente-Lechuga Matilde , Cifuentes-Faura Javier 
Published: January 2022

In view of the debate on possible territorial inequality in the Admissions Test of the University, known as Selectivity, this paper aims to shed some light on this growing concern.
It analyses the structure and results of the 17 regional tests in the field of Mathematics Applied to Social Sciences II, examining the degree of difficulty of the exercises with the opinion of a panel of experts.
Differences are detected in the structure of the entrance exam that could have influenced the results obtained by the students. Through the panel of experts, the different degree of difficulty of the exercises and their possible correlation with the average mark obtained in each region is noted.
The results demonstrate the need to review the current form of access tests in order to eliminate any inequality that may exist. It may be necessary to consider only one test at the national level to ensure equality of content and evaluation criteria.
Ante el debate sobre la posible desigualdad territorial en la Prueba de Acceso a la Universidad, conocida como Selectividad, este trabajo pretende arrojar un poco de luz a cerca de esta creciente preocupación.
Se analiza la estructura y resultados de las 17 pruebas autonómicas en la materia de Matemáticas Aplicadas a las Ciencias Sociales II, examinando el grado de dificultad de los ejercicios con la opinión de un panel de expertos.
Se detectan diferencias en la estructura del examen de acceso que han podido influir en los resultados obtenidos por el alumnado. A través del panel de expertos se constata el diferente grado de dificultad de los ejercicios y su posible correlación con la calificación media obtenida en cada región.
Los resultados evidencian la necesidad de llevar a cabo una revisión de la forma actual de las pruebas de acceso que elimine las desigualdades que puedan existir. Quizás habría que plantearse la realización de una única prueba a nivel nacional que garantice la igualdad en los contenidos y en los criterios de evaluación.
The value of diffusion weighted imaging-alberta stroke program early CT score in predicting stroke-associated pneumonia in patients with acute cerebral infarction: a retrospective study
Authors: Zhao Dong , Zhu Jing , Cai Qiang , Zeng Feifei , Fu Xiujuan , Hu Ke 
Published: January 2022

Background
In this study, we aimed to investigate the value of Diffusion-Weighted Imaging-Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (DWI-ASPECTS) in predicting stroke-associated pneumonia (SAP) in patients with acute ischemic stroke.

Methods
A total of 291 patients who suffered acute cerebral infarction for the first time were included in this retrospective study. DWI-ASPECTS was assessed and clinical data were collected in order to find the risk factors of SAP, and a logistic regression model was used to investigate the effect of predicting SAP. Furthermore, correlation analysis was used to explore the relationship between DWI-ASPECTS and the immume status of the body.

Results
Among the 291 patients, 74 (25.4%) subjects were diagnosed with SAP. Compared with non-SAP, the patients with SAP were older and had a higher rate of atrial fibrillation (AF), National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores. The SAP group also had a significantly lower DWI-ASPECTS than did the non-SAP group (P < 0.01). In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, the DWI-ASPECTS (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.438; 95% CI [1.158–1.787]; P < 0.01) remained significant after adjusting for confounders. What’s more, the predictive ability of DWI-ASPECTS (AUC = 0.743 >0.7, 95% CI [0.678–0.800]) had acceptable discriminatory abilities. By the correlation analysis, DWI-ASPECTS was found to be negatively correlated with the count of white blood cell, neutrophils, monocytes, neutrophil-to-monocyte ratio and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and positively correlated with the count of lymphocytes.

Conclusions
DWI-ASPECTS grades could predict stroke-associated pneumonia for patients with acute ischemic stroke, and combining grade with age, AF, or NIHSS could predict SAP events more accurately.
A survey of Cryptosporidium prevalence among birds in two zoos in China
Authors: Lu Yaxian , Pu Tianchun , Ma Baohua , Wang Lixin , Zhou Mengchao , Chen Yu , Li Xiuyun , Zheng Changming , Liu Hetong , Liu Jinpeng , Guan Chunyu , Yu Hongyan , Dai Chunkuo , Huang Yuan , Yang Yuling , Peng Zhiwei , Han Lei , Chai Hongliang , Hou Zhijun 
Published: January 2022

Background
Cryptosporidiosis is an important zoonotic protozoan disease worldwide, but few studies on this disease have been performed in wild birds; thus, our knowledge of this disease is insufficient, even in zoo birds. Animals in zoos are possible zoonotic disease reservoirs, potentially resulting in zoonotic agent spillover to humans; accordingly, our understanding of such phenomena should be improved.

Methods
A total of 263 fresh fecal samples from 43 avian species were randomly collected from the Beijing Zoo and Harbin North Forest Zoo and screened for the prevalence of Cryptosporidium by 18S rRNA gene sequencing. Cryptosporidium species were distinguished based on the combined results of phylogenetic tree and genetic distance analyses conducted with the inclusion of seven avian Cryptosporidium species and 13 avian Cryptosporidium genotypes. The genetic diversity of Cryptosporidium parvum among different hosts, including humans, cattle, dogs, and birds, and the genetic diversity of avian C. parvum among avian hosts in China, Iraq and Brazil were determined based on C. parvum 18S rRNA haplotypes.

Results
The results of PCR targeting the 18S rRNA gene revealed that 1.9% (5/263) of the samples were Cryptosporidium-positive. Four of the five Cryptosporidium-positive samples originated from white cranes (Grus leucogeranus), and one originated from a flamingo (Phoenicopteridae). Avian C. parvum isolates, including the isolates examined in the present study, showed gene flow with other isolates from different types of hosts, including humans, cattle and dogs, indicating that zoo birds potentially pose zoonotic and pathogenic risks to humans and animals. Additionally, gene flow between avian C. parvum isolates from China and Brazil was detected.

Conclusions
To the best of our knowledge, our results demonstrate C. parvum infection in a flamingo (Phoenicopteridae) and white cranes (Grus leucogeranus) for the first time. The results of our study provide an important reference for understanding the host range, biological characteristics, and molecular epidemiology of C. parvum.
A Study on Buying Behavior of Nutri Cereals among the Consumers in Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu
Authors: Nivetha T. , Uma K. 
Published: January 2022

Aim: Nutri cereals are the earliest foods known to humans, but urbanisation and industrialisation have diminished their cultivation and consumption due to large-scale rice and wheat cultivation. Hencee, the present study aims to know the buying behavior of Nutri cereals among the people inthe Coimbatore District.
Study Design: Totally 100 consumers were selected by proportionate random sampling. Primary data was collected from the respondents by using well-structured interviews scheduled between October 2021 and November 2021
Methodology: Percentage age analysis and Garrett’s ranking techniques were used to analyze the data.
Results: Results revealed that nutrient content and better quality are the major factor influencing the purchase of Nutri cereals. Therefore, the development of customized products in Nutri cereal products category and proper promotion measures should help the policymakers to increase consumption among the people.
The association between work-related physical and psychosocial factors and musculoskeletal disorders in healthcare workers: Moderating role of fear of movement
Authors: Keyaerts Stijn , Godderis Lode , Delvaux Ellen , Daenen Liesbeth 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Knowledge is lacking on the interaction between fear of movement (FOM) and work-related physical and psychosocial factors in the development and persistence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs).

Methods
In this cross-sectional study, 305 healthcare workers from several Belgian hospitals filled out a questionnaire including sociodemographic factors, work-related factors (social support, autonomy at work, workload, and physical job demands), FOM, and MSDs for different body regions during the past year. Path analysis was performed to investigate (1) the association between the work-related factors, FOM and MSDs, and (2) the moderating role of FOM on the association between the work-related factors and MSDs among healthcare workers.

Results
Complaints were most frequently located at the neck–shoulder region (79.5%) and lower back (72.4%). Physical job demands (odds ratio [OR] 2.38 and 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.52–3.74), autonomy at work (OR 1.64 CI [1.07–2.49]) and FOM (OR 1.07 CI [1.01–1.14] and OR 1.12 CI [1.06–1.19]) were positively associated with MSDs. Healthcare workers who experienced high social support at work (OR 0.61 CI [0.39–0.94]) were less likely to have MSDs. Fear of movement interacted negatively with workload (OR 0.92 CI [0.87–0.97]) and autonomy at work (OR 0.94 CI [0.88–1.00]) on MSDs.

Conclusions
Work-related physical and psychosocial factors as well as FOM are related to MSDs in healthcare workers. FOM is an important moderator of this relationship and should be assessed in healthcare workers in addition to work-related physical and psychosocial factors to prevent or address MSDs.
Earthworm abundance and availability does not influence the reproductive decisions of black‐tailed godwits in an agricultural grassland
Authors: Verhoeven Mo A. , McBride Alice D. , Hooijmeijer Jos C.E.W. , Piersma Theunis , Senner Nathan R. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Maintaining the biodiversity of agricultural ecosystems has become a global imperative. Across Europe, species that occupy agricultural grasslands, such as black‐tailed godwits (Limosa limosa limosa), have undergone steep population declines. In this context, there is a significant need to both determine the root causes of these declines and identify actions that will promote biodiversity while supporting the livelihoods of farmers.

Food availability, and specifically earthworm abundance (Lumbricidae), during the pre‐breeding period has often been suggested as a potential driver of godwit population declines. Previous studies have recommended increasing the application of nitrogen to agricultural grasslands to enhance earthworm populations and aid agricultural production. Here we test whether food availability during the pre‐breeding period affects when and where godwits breed.

Using large‐scale surveys of food availability, a long‐term mark‐recapture study, focal observations of foraging female godwits, and tracking devices that monitored godwit movements, we found little evidence of a relationship between earthworm abundance and the timing of godwit reproductive efforts or the density of breeding godwits. Furthermore, we found that the soils of intensively managed agricultural grasslands may frequently be too dry for godwits to forage for those earthworms that are present.

The increased application of nitrogen to agricultural grasslands will therefore likely have no positive effect on godwit populations. Instead, management efforts should focus on increasing the botanical diversity of agricultural grasslands, facilitating conditions that prevent hardening soils, and reducing the populations of generalist predators.