bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Corporation, 1927–1939
Authors: Potter Simon J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter looks at the work of the BBC after it became a Corporation, established by royal charter, in 1927. This change was more than cosmetic: it was a recognition that the BBC was owned by the nation, and answerable to parliament. While free of day-to-day government intervention, it was part of the state and, in practice, close relationships developed between BBC officers and civil servants. It also developed an increasingly symbiotic relationship with the monarchy. The Corporation moved ahead with establishing its national networks and came to offer listeners a choice of two alternative services, the National Programme and the Regional Programme. During the late 1920s and early 1930s, the BBC broadcast a predominantly ‘highbrow’ schedule of radio programmes, particularly on Sundays. However, the widening class profile of its audience, and the threat of commercial stations broadcasting from Continental Europe, obliged it to change during the 1930s. It broadcast more comedy, popular drama, and light music: programmes began to take on some of the forms that are still recognizable today. The BBC also extended its broadcasting empire, ensuring that its monopoly of British broadcasting applied to the new television service and to international broadcasting. During this period, it established the Empire Service and, at the request of the government, a number of services in foreign languages. These are the ancestors of today’s World Service.
Losing control, 1945–1959
Authors: Potter Simon J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
After the Second World War, the BBC sought to return to pre-war normality, broadcasting a wide range of radio programmes, reinforcing British and imperial identities, and cutting back on American content and influences. However, it proved hard to restore old certainties. While the BBC’s pre-war imperial role continued, it now had to repurpose propaganda weapons used to fight fascism and deploy them against communism in the Cold War. This entailed close links with other elements of the British state, and a major clash with the government during the Suez Crisis of 1956. Moreover, domestic listeners demanded more choice and more fun: they were given a wider selection of BBC programmes, including almost non-stop entertainment on the Light Programme. The BBC restarted television, but only developed the medium slowly, due to financial constraints and a continuing belief in the superior artistic merits of radio. This fuelled demands for the introduction of commercial television, and in 1955 the first ITV station was launched in London. The BBC’s monopoly of British broadcasting was over. Despite helping to popularize television with its broadcasts of live sport and the Coronation of Elizabeth II, the BBC now lost out to the competition. If it were relegated permanently to the status of minority broadcaster, it would be hard to justify licence fee funding in future. Senior managers and programme makers thus began to seek ways to bring the audience back to BBC television.
Transformation and stagnation, 1960–1979
Authors: Potter Simon J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Under a new director general, Hugh Carleton Greene, the BBC set out during the 1960s to win at least half of the UK television audience. It competed with ITV by pouring resources into television entertainment, and by empowering producers and performers to make original, innovative, and sometimes radical content. A new television network, BBC2, meanwhile allowed it to continue to make the informative, educational, and experimental programming that commercial broadcasters shied away from. During this period, the BBC made television programmes that are still regarded as classics. It also began to grapple more seriously with issues of race and prejudice, although it was slower to deal with gender inequalities, and turned a blind eye to the crimes committed by Jimmy Savile on its premises. During the 1970s, financing television became a significant issue, and BBC television seemed to become less challenging and adventurous. Its radio services meanwhile faced a serious challenge, as listeners became viewers and peak radio audiences dwindled, and as ‘pirate’ stations attracted younger listeners with plenty of pop and rock ’n’ roll music. The BBC responded in 1967 with a fundamental restructuring of its radio services, and increasingly identified each of its networks with one particular genre of programming. The days of mixed radio schedules were over. Meanwhile, radio remained a key way to reach overseas listeners as the Cold War continued, although the first signs of the BBC’s transition to more commercial forms of international broadcasting were already apparent.
Prospect
Authors: Potter Simon J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter summarizes the key findings of the book and recapitulates the main themes, continuities, and changes that marked the BBC’s century. It emphasizes the importance of the commercialization, over the last four decades, of the BBC, including the creation of BBC Studios. It argues that the public service Corporation is now mainly a commissioning body and administrator of legacy media: the crucial work, making and selling programmes, is done by the commercial subsidiary BBC Studios. This may point to the future of public broadcasting in Britain. The chapter concludes by discussing some of the challenges the BBC now faces and evaluates them in the light of its hundred-year history.
Necessary Bump in the Road
Authors: Wicks Robert J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
One of the greatest gifts people can enjoy and share with others is a sense of one’s own inner peace, but people can’t share what they don’t have. This book offers a succinct list of essential elements for effectively mentoring oneself—especially during difficult times. They are designed to help shape the right attitude (clarity balanced with kindness) toward improving self-exploration and enhancing personal understanding. Following this, 50 brief lessons and illustrative stories are offered with the belief that it is not the amount of darkness in the world or people that is crucial; it is how people stand in that darkness (having a healthy perspective) that makes all the difference. The main topics include unlearning, preventing loss of emotional energy, self-forgiveness, toxic compassion, detachment, posttraumatic growth, the four types of friends needed in a strong interpersonal network, and inhabiting and modeling unpopular strengths. Underlying the contents and philosophy of the book is that vulnerability cannot, and should not, be ignored, avoided, or escaped. Instead, it needs to be psychologically inhabited with a spirit of humility because when one takes knowledge and adds humility, one gets wisdom. And, when one takes this very wisdom and adds it to compassion—including self-compassion—one gets the love that is at the heart of a rich and caring life.
During Uncertain Times, Don’t Miss the Opening
Authors: Wicks Robert J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
One of the greatest gifts people can enjoy and share with others is a sense of one’s own inner peace, but people can’t share what they don’t have. This book offers a succinct list of essential elements for effectively mentoring oneself—especially during difficult times. They are designed to help shape the right attitude (clarity balanced with kindness) toward improving self-exploration and enhancing personal understanding. Following this, 50 brief lessons and illustrative stories are offered with the belief that it is not the amount of darkness in the world or people that is crucial; it is how people stand in that darkness (having a healthy perspective) that makes all the difference. The main topics include unlearning, preventing loss of emotional energy, self-forgiveness, toxic compassion, detachment, posttraumatic growth, the four types of friends needed in a strong interpersonal network, and inhabiting and modeling unpopular strengths. Underlying the contents and philosophy of the book is that vulnerability cannot, and should not, be ignored, avoided, or escaped. Instead, it needs to be psychologically inhabited with a spirit of humility because when one takes knowledge and adds humility, one gets wisdom. And, when one takes this very wisdom and adds it to compassion—including self-compassion—one gets the love that is at the heart of a rich and caring life.
I Must Remember That . . .
Authors: Wicks Robert J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
One of the greatest gifts people can enjoy and share with others is a sense of one’s own inner peace, but people can’t share what they don’t have. This book offers a succinct list of essential elements for effectively mentoring oneself—especially during difficult times. They are designed to help shape the right attitude (clarity balanced with kindness) toward improving self-exploration and enhancing personal understanding. Following this, 50 brief lessons and illustrative stories are offered with the belief that it is not the amount of darkness in the world or people that is crucial; it is how people stand in that darkness (having a healthy perspective) that makes all the difference. The main topics include unlearning, preventing loss of emotional energy, self-forgiveness, toxic compassion, detachment, posttraumatic growth, the four types of friends needed in a strong interpersonal network, and inhabiting and modeling unpopular strengths. Underlying the contents and philosophy of the book is that vulnerability cannot, and should not, be ignored, avoided, or escaped. Instead, it needs to be psychologically inhabited with a spirit of humility because when one takes knowledge and adds humility, one gets wisdom. And, when one takes this very wisdom and adds it to compassion—including self-compassion—one gets the love that is at the heart of a rich and caring life.
The Blame Game
Authors: Wicks Robert J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
One of the greatest gifts people can enjoy and share with others is a sense of one’s own inner peace, but people can’t share what they don’t have. This book offers a succinct list of essential elements for effectively mentoring oneself—especially during difficult times. They are designed to help shape the right attitude (clarity balanced with kindness) toward improving self-exploration and enhancing personal understanding. Following this, 50 brief lessons and illustrative stories are offered with the belief that it is not the amount of darkness in the world or people that is crucial; it is how people stand in that darkness (having a healthy perspective) that makes all the difference. The main topics include unlearning, preventing loss of emotional energy, self-forgiveness, toxic compassion, detachment, posttraumatic growth, the four types of friends needed in a strong interpersonal network, and inhabiting and modeling unpopular strengths. Underlying the contents and philosophy of the book is that vulnerability cannot, and should not, be ignored, avoided, or escaped. Instead, it needs to be psychologically inhabited with a spirit of humility because when one takes knowledge and adds humility, one gets wisdom. And, when one takes this very wisdom and adds it to compassion—including self-compassion—one gets the love that is at the heart of a rich and caring life.
One of the Most Serious Blocks to Mentoring Yourself
Authors: Wicks Robert J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
One of the greatest gifts people can enjoy and share with others is a sense of one’s own inner peace, but people can’t share what they don’t have. This book offers a succinct list of essential elements for effectively mentoring oneself—especially during difficult times. They are designed to help shape the right attitude (clarity balanced with kindness) toward improving self-exploration and enhancing personal understanding. Following this, 50 brief lessons and illustrative stories are offered with the belief that it is not the amount of darkness in the world or people that is crucial; it is how people stand in that darkness (having a healthy perspective) that makes all the difference. The main topics include unlearning, preventing loss of emotional energy, self-forgiveness, toxic compassion, detachment, posttraumatic growth, the four types of friends needed in a strong interpersonal network, and inhabiting and modeling unpopular strengths. Underlying the contents and philosophy of the book is that vulnerability cannot, and should not, be ignored, avoided, or escaped. Instead, it needs to be psychologically inhabited with a spirit of humility because when one takes knowledge and adds humility, one gets wisdom. And, when one takes this very wisdom and adds it to compassion—including self-compassion—one gets the love that is at the heart of a rich and caring life.
“Look Who’s Talking!”
Authors: Wicks Robert J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
One of the greatest gifts people can enjoy and share with others is a sense of one’s own inner peace, but people can’t share what they don’t have. This book offers a succinct list of essential elements for effectively mentoring oneself—especially during difficult times. They are designed to help shape the right attitude (clarity balanced with kindness) toward improving self-exploration and enhancing personal understanding. Following this, 50 brief lessons and illustrative stories are offered with the belief that it is not the amount of darkness in the world or people that is crucial; it is how people stand in that darkness (having a healthy perspective) that makes all the difference. The main topics include unlearning, preventing loss of emotional energy, self-forgiveness, toxic compassion, detachment, posttraumatic growth, the four types of friends needed in a strong interpersonal network, and inhabiting and modeling unpopular strengths. Underlying the contents and philosophy of the book is that vulnerability cannot, and should not, be ignored, avoided, or escaped. Instead, it needs to be psychologically inhabited with a spirit of humility because when one takes knowledge and adds humility, one gets wisdom. And, when one takes this very wisdom and adds it to compassion—including self-compassion—one gets the love that is at the heart of a rich and caring life.
With Liberty and Justice for All?
Authors: Bader Ginsburg Ruth 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
With Liberty and Justice for All?: The Constitution in the Classroom is designed to help teachers and students generate analysis and debate in our nation’s classrooms about an aspect of US history that has produced intense disagreements about rights and wrongs: constitutional history. For more than two centuries, Americans have argued about what the US Constitution permits or requires (or not), and what values and ideals it enshrines (or not)—indeed, who is to be included (or not) in the very definition of “We the People.” Because the Constitution remains the framework under which the United States governs itself, American history can be told as the story of the use and misuse of the Constitution over time, from early disputes about liberty and slavery to more recent quarrels over equality and dignity. This book—which opens with a “Foreword” from the late Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg—provides abundant resources to explore key moments of debate about the Constitution and its meaning, focusing on fundamental questions of citizenship and rights. Constitutional history is explored via succinct and probing essays by prize-winning historians—including Linda Greenhouse, Mary Sarah Bilder, Annette Gordon-Reed, Eric Foner, Sam Erman, Julie Suk, Laura Kalman, and Melissa Murray—and through lively primary sources and focused discussion questions. As this book amply demonstrates, United States history IS constitutional history.
Find a Way or Make One
Authors: Carten Alma J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The book examines the history of a school of social work as it unfolded over a century of US history, when the “separate but equal” doctrine was accepted in both law and custom in the United States. The founding of the School was spearheaded by leading scholars and social activists in Atlanta, Georgia, as an independent institution of higher learning to prepare black social workers for practice in the black community. Using a historical qualitative research method, data for the book were obtained primarily from the Clark Atlanta University Robert W. Woodruff Research Center, which holds the collections of the nation’s most well-known historically black colleges and universities founded in the city of Atlanta. The evolution of the School is described within the context of time and place and against the backdrop of changing US social welfare policy, Council on Social Work Education (CSWE) Educational Policy and Accreditation standards, and social work professional trends. The content describes consequential events influencing curriculum renewal from its founding in 1920, when Atlanta was described as the most segregated city in the South; to the mid-1900s, when it was the leading voice on social work practice in the black community; to the post-civil rights decades of desegregation and the CSWE’s new requirements on diversity and inclusion that resulted in both costs and benefits for the School. In 2000, the School was renamed to honor former dean Whitney M. Young Jr. Today it is one of three professional schools of Clark Atlanta University and awards BSW, MSW, and PhD social work degrees.
Curriculum Renewal in the Postwar Years
Authors: Carten Alma J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter describes how World War II illuminated the hypocrisy of US race relations and led the NAACP to adopt a global approach to black rights, with Walter White and W. E. B. DuBois petitioning the UN. Under Forrester B. Washington’s directorship, the School became accredited, began an affiliation with Atlanta University in 1938, became a part of Atlanta University, and was officially named the Atlanta University School of Social Work. The Council on Social Work Education introduced its Council on Racial, Ethnic, and Cultural Diversity as a component of the Commission for Diversity and Social and Economic Justice. The Aid to Dependent Children program came under attack with the changing caseload demographics of the 1950s. Legal segregation continued in the South, and, by the 1960s, events were set in motion to spawn the Civil Rights movement.
Reclaiming the Legacy
Authors: Carten Alma J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Sit-ins staged by students of the historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs) became an unstoppable force in the 1960s. Atlanta University students penned “An Appeal for Human Rights,” and the Civil Rights movement went to full scale under the iconic leadership of Martin Luther King Jr. and his vision of the “Beloved Community” that became the moral pillar of the School’s humanistic values informing an Afrocentric perspective. Atlanta became the epicenter of the Civil Rights movement. As a consequence, major federal civil rights legislation was enacted, and the Council for Social Work Education (CSWE) came on board as exclusivity of the Eurocentric perspective was challenged by student activism.
Moving Forward into the 21st Century
Authors: Carten Alma J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Clark Atlanta University (CAU) and the School of Social Work have been amazingly resilient in managing the effects of historic obstacles confronting historically black colleges and universities. The School enters its centennial year as one of the three professional schools of CAU and it awards the BSW, MSW, and PhD social work degrees. Paradoxically, the status of a segment of the black community in Atlanta is much the same as it was at time of the School’s founding, thus creating opportunities for the School to reclaim its earlier status as the leading voice on social work practice in the black community.
Happy Dreams of Liberty
Authors: Morales R. Isabela 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
When Samuel Townsend died at his home in Madison County, Alabama, in November 1856, the white cotton planter left behind hundreds of slaves and an estate worth approximately $200,000. In life, Samuel had done little to distinguish himself from other members of the South’s slaveholding elite. But he made a name for himself in death by leaving his fortune to his five sons, four daughters, and two nieces: all of them enslaved. Happy Dreams of Liberty is the story of these former slaves, a mixed-race family that migrated across the American West and South in the second half of the nineteenth century. Searching for communities where they could enjoy their freedom and wealth to the fullest, the Townsends homesteaded in Ohio and Kansas, fought for the Union Army in Mississippi, mined for silver in the Colorado Rockies, and, in the case of one son, returned to Alabama to purchase a part of the old plantation where he had once been enslaved. Their travels map a landscape of opportunity and oppression where meanings of race and freedom, as well as concrete opportunities for social and economic mobility, were dictated by highly local circumstances. During the turbulent period between the Civil War and the rise of Jim Crow at the turn of the twentieth century, the Townsends carved out spaces where they were able to benefit from their money and mixed-race ancestry, pass down generational wealth, and pursue their dreams of advancement and equality.
Introduction
Authors: Morales R. Isabela 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The freed, mixed-race Townsends enjoyed certain advantages in their pursuit of social and economic advancement. Emancipation and inheritance gave family members access to freedom and property, “hallmarks of whiteness” in a country where blackness was associated with inferiority and enslavement. Their mixed-race ancestry, which belied the idea that racial lines were permanent and impermeable, also placed the Townsends in a liminal space between Black and white. Because nineteenth-century racial hierarchies in the United States had not yet adopted the Jim Crow era’s “one-drop rule,” the propertied, mixed-race Townsends were able to move closer to the social status of whiteness as a result of their color and class status.
The Strangest Will He Ever Knew a Sensible Man to Make
Authors: Morales R. Isabela 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
When he died in 1853, Edmund Townsend left a will attempting to free his four enslaved children and leave them his $500,000 estate. White relatives, including his brother Samuel Townsend, successfully challenged the will in court and inherited Edmund’s fortune. But that same year, Samuel hired Huntsville attorney S. D. Cabaniss to ensure that Samuel’s nine children, his brother Edmund’s children, and their extended family members would be freed upon his death; he also left his $200,000 fortune to his children, nieces, and one enslaved concubine. As Samuel’s executor, Cabaniss successfully defended the will against multiple legal challenges in the years after Samuel’s death, guaranteeing that all of Samuel’s children and their family members would be manumitted by 1860.