bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical exercise positively modulates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis‐related hepatic endoplasmic reticulum stress
Authors: Passos Emanuel , Pereira Cidália , Gonçalves Inês O. , Faria Ana , Ascensão António , Monteiro Rosário , Magalhães José , Martins Maria J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObesity is a predictive factor for the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Although some of the mechanisms associated with NASH development are still elusive, its pathogenesis relies on a complex broad spectrum of (interconnected) metabolic‐based disorders. We analyzed the effects of voluntary physical activity (VPA) and endurance training (ET), as preventive and therapeutic nonpharmacological strategies, respectively, against hepatic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, ER‐related proapoptotic signaling, and oxidative stress in an animal model of high‐fat diet (HFD)‐induced NASH. Adult male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into standard control liquid diet (SCLD) or HFD groups, with sedentary, VPA, and ET subgroups in both (sedentary animals with access to SCLD [SS], voluntarily physically active animals with access to SCLD [SV], and endurance‐trained animals with access to SCLD [ST] in the former and sedentary animals with access to liquid HFD [HS], voluntarily physically active animals with access to liquid HFD [HV], and endurance‐trained animals with access to liquid HFD [HT] in the latter, respectively). Hepatic ER stress and ER‐related proapoptotic signaling were evaluated by Western blot and reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction; redox status was evaluated through quantification of lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyls groups, and glutathione levels as well as antioxidant enzymes activity. In SCLD‐treated animals, VPA significantly decreased eukaryotic initiation factor‐2 alpha (eIF2α). In HFD‐treated animals, VPA significantly decreased eIF2α and phospho‐inositol requiring enzyme‐1 alpha (IRE1α) but ET significantly decreased eIF2α and significantly increased both spliced X‐box binding protein 1 (sXBP1) and unspliced X‐box binding protein 1; a significant increase of phosphorylated‐eIF2α (p‐eIF2α) to eIF2α ratio occurred in ET versus VPA. HS compared to SS disclosed a significant increase of total and reduced glutathione, HV compared to SV a significant increase of oxidized glutathione, HT compared to ST a significant increase of p‐eIF2α to eIF2α ratio and sXBP1. Physical exercise counteracts NASH‐related ER stress and its associated deleterious consequences through a positive and dynamical modulation of the hepatic IRE1α–X‐box binding protein 1 pathway.
Tissue homeostasis in sponges: Quantitative analysis of cell proliferation and apoptosis
Authors: Melnikov Nikolai P. , Bolshakov Fyodor V. , Frolova Veronika S. , Skorentseva Kseniia V. , Ereskovsky Alexander V. , Saidova Alina A. , Lavrov Andrey I. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTissues of multicellular animals are maintained due to a tight balance between cell proliferation and programmed cell death. Sponges are early branching metazoans essential to understanding the key mechanisms of tissue homeostasis. This article is dedicated to the comparative analysis of proliferation and apoptosis in intact tissues of two sponges, Halisarca dujardinii (class Demospongiae) and Leucosolenia variabilis (class Calcarea). Labeled nucleotides EdU and anti‐phosphorylated histone 3 antibodies reveal a considerable number of cycling cells in intact tissues of both species. Quantitative DNA staining reveals the classic cell cycle distribution curve. The main type of cycling cells are choanocytes ‐ flagellated cells of the aquiferous system. The rate of proliferation remains constant throughout various areas of sponge bodies that contain choanocytes. The EdU tracking experiments conducted in H. dujardinii indicate that choanocytes may give rise to mesohyl cells through migration. The number of apoptotic cells in tissues of both species is insignificant, although being comparable to the renewing tissues of other animals. In vivo studies with tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester and CellEvent Caspase‐3/7 indicate that apoptosis might be independent of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization. Altogether, a combination of confocal laser scanning microscopy and flow cytometry provides a quantitative description of cell proliferation and apoptosis in sponges displaying either rapid growth or cell turnover.
Culture and identification of a “Deltamicron” SARS‐CoV‐2 in a three cases cluster in southern France
Authors: Colson Philippe , Fournier Pierre‐Edouard , Delerce Jeremy , Million Matthieu , Bedotto Marielle , Houhamdi Linda , Yahi Nouara , Bayette Jeremy , Levasseur Anthony , Fantini Jacques , Raoult Didier , La Scola Bernard 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMultiple SARS‐CoV‐2 variants have successively, or concomitantly spread worldwide since the summer of 2020. A few co‐infections with different variants were reported and genetic recombinations, common among coronaviruses, were reported or suspected based on co‐detection of signature mutations of different variants in a given genome. Here we report three infections in southern France with a Delta 21J_AY.4‐Omicron 21K/BA.1 “Deltamicron” recombinant. The hybrid genome harbors signature mutations of the two lineages, supported by a mean sequencing depth of 1163–1421 reads and a mean nucleotide diversity of 0.1%–0.6%. It is composed of the near full‐length spike gene (from codons 156–179) of an Omicron 21K/BA.1 variant in a Delta 21J/AY.4 lineage backbone. Importantly, we cultured an isolate of this recombinant and sequenced its genome. It was observed by scanning electron microscopy. As it is misidentified with current variant screening quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), we designed and implemented for routine diagnosis a specific duplex qPCR. Finally, structural analysis of the recombinant spike suggested its hybrid content could optimize viral binding to the host cell membrane. These findings prompt further studies of the virological, epidemiological, and clinical features of this recombinant.
Shifting to Transparent/Hazy Properties: The Case of Alginate/Network Cellulose All‐Polysaccharide Composite Films
Authors: Aburabie Jamaliah , Eskhan Asma , Hashaikeh Raed 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLight‐management films made entirely from natural polymers with tunable haze properties are developed via a facile approach. A novel green method based simply on the blending of network cellulose (NC)/water suspension with alginate (CaAlg) aqueous solution is proposed. The unique NC suspension created by a controlled hydrolysis of microcrystalline cellulose acts as the scatterer media while alginate serves as the transparent host matrix. NC features isotropic intertwined network of nanofibers that contributes to light scattering and produces optical haze. The opaque but hazy NC is dispersed purposefully in the alginate film, where its original properties are preserved owing to its poor solubility in water. Additionally, the dispersion notably increases the roughness of the composite film surface and acts as a light scatterer. Eventually, composite CaAlg/NC film with high transparency (>94%) and customized haze (15–73%) at 550 cm−1 wavelength is fabricated. Herein, the transparent alginate is successfully combined with the hazy cellulose of uniformly distributed nanofibers by blending to fabricate transparent/hazy all‐natural films. The fabricated films exhibit high transparency with tailored transmission haze. The film is highly fitting for large‐scale production and adequate to meet different haze requirements to accommodate different applications such as privacy protection films and antiglare/antireflection coatings.
A compact single‐layer wideband filtering antenna with capacitively loaded short‐circuited parasitic patches
Authors: Yan Dong , Pan Shuai‐Yu , Guo Bao‐Cang , Hu Kun‐Zhi , Bi He‐Sheng , Wang Rui‐Qiong , Xie Haofei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA compact single‐layer wideband filtering antenna with a simple structure is presented in this letter. It consists of a rectangular driven patch, a pair of short‐circuited parasitic patches, and two pairs of rectangular slots. A short‐circuited parasitic patch is employed to capacitively load at each radiating edge of the driven patch to enhance the impedance bandwidth and facilitate filtering response. Based on this arrangement, a radiation null at the upper stopband is generated due to the effect of multipath coupling so as to improve the upper stopband frequency selectivity. Moreover, two pairs of slots are etched into the driven patch to produce an in‐band resonance and a radiation null at the lower‐band edge to further broaden the impedance bandwidth and enhance the lower stopband frequency selectivity. A prototype of the developed filtering antenna with a center frequency of 4.96 GHz is fabricated and tested for validation. The measured values are consistent with the simulated ones, indicating a wide impedance bandwidth of 16.5% (4.55–5.37 GHz), and a maximum realized gain of 6.3 dBi. Compared with the previously reported filtering antenna, the developed filtering antenna can achieve a wideband filtering response even with a low profile of 0.026λ0and a small antenna size of 0.19λ02.
Solid particle erosion, water absorption and thickness swelling behavior of intra ply Kevlar/PALF fiber epoxy hybrid composites
Authors: Jeyaguru Sangilimuthukumar , Thiagamani Senthil Muthu Kumar , Rajkumar Arpitha Gulihonnehalli , Rangappa Sanjay Mavinkere , Siengchin Suchart 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this investigation, the different weaving pattern of intra ply Kevlar and pineapple leaf fiber (PALF) reinforced with epoxy hybrid composites was fabricated using the compression molding method. Solid particle erosion wear properties, water absorption, and thickness swelling behavior were tested. Solid particle erosion wear properties were tested using an air‐jet erosion tester. The various factors for solid particle erosion test were taken as impingement angle, exposure time, and weaving pattern. The weaving pattern was varied as plain type, twill type, basket type. The result showed that basket weave type and pure Kevlar fiber reinforced epoxy composites have better water absorption and thickness swelling properties. The results from the solid particle erosion test indicated that twill type and pure Kevlar fiber reinforced epoxy composites showed superior erosion wear resistance compared to other composites. Further, the statistical analysis was carried out using Taguchi analysis and their results showed that twill type Kevlar/PALF reinforced with epoxy composite was a minimum erosion wear rate at 90° of impingement angle and 6 min exposure time. The erosion mechanism of the surface eroded composite specimens was investigated using scanning electron microscopy.
In‐situ monitoring of glass fiber/epoxy composites by the embedded multi‐walled carbon nanotube coated glass fiber sensor: From fabrication to application
Authors: Wan Yun , Hu Wenlong , Yang Lulu , Wang Ziyue , Tan Jianping , Liu Ying , Wang Fangxin , Yang Bin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMonitoring the curing defects as well as damages that occur in the fabrication and application process is important for ensuring the safety of composite structures. In this paper, a highly sensitive 1‐D line sensor is designed to achieve self‐sensing and diagnosing functionalities in both the fabrication and application of glass fiber reinforced epoxy (GF/epoxy) composites. The sensor consists of multi‐walled carbon nanotube coated glass fiber (MWCNT@GF), which is sensing the damage by the principle of resistance change. Due to the vacuum‐assisted resin infusion process, the MWCNT@GF sensor is embedded into GF/epoxy composite laminates, and hence, it can monitor the resin frontal flow, curing, and especially the flow defects. In the subsequent application, the tensile performance of a GF/epoxy composite joint is evaluated by not only the force‐displacement curve but also the displacement‐dependent resistance change of the sensor. Tensile damage modes are distinguished, which is for the first time to be reported. The MWCNT@GF sensor is mechanically stable and highly sensitive; hence, it can be used to follow the composite performance from fabrication until the end of life.
Optimization of a gas–liquid plasma reactor for water treatment applications: Design guidelines and electrical circuit considerations
Authors: Nau‐Hix Chase , Holsen Thomas M. , Mededovic Thagard Selma 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTo provide insights into the design, optimization, and scale up of plasma reactors for water treatment, the influences of discharge energy, grounded electrode size and position, and number of high voltage (HV) discharge points on the production of reactive species and the degradation of 1,4‐dioxane and perfluorooctanoic acid in a gas–liquid electrical discharge plasma reactor were assessed. Discharge energy and plasma area largely control the treatment effectiveness. Increasing the number of discharge points lowers the voltage in the reactor and consequently the production rates of reactive species. Bench‐scale findings apply directly to large volume systems, resulting in the highest contaminant removal rates using a single HV electrode and a grounded electrode spanning the entirety of the treatment zone.
Examining the Effect of Trimethylol Propane Crosslinker on Butanetriol Trinitrate Plasticized Polycaprolactone Polymer Networks of Propellant Binder System
Authors: Santosh Mada SSNM , Sadavarte Vaibhav S , Kumar Amit , Pande Shrikant M , Kulkarni Prashant S 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe knowledge of polymer network characteristics is important to tune the properties of advanced energetic propellants based on nitrate ester plasticized polyol binder system. In this article, plasticized polyurethane networks of polycaprolactone (PCP) and hydroxyl‐terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) with different crosslinker content [0 to 0.20 parts] at various stoichiometric
ratios (r‐value) [0.8 to 1.0] were studied. Five numbers of polyurethane networks of 1,2,4‐butanediol trinitrate (BTTN) plasticised PCP were formulated at each r value 0.8, 0.9 and 1.0 using 0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15 and 0.20 parts of trimethylolpropane (TMP) crosslinker. Similarly, five numbers of dioctyl adipate (DOA) plasticized HTPB based polyurethane networks were formulated at r‐value of 0.8. FT‐IR spectra of these polyurethane networks (PUNs) were recorded for functional group identification. Stress‐strain behavior of PUNs was studied for understanding the effect of TMP content and r value on mechanical properties. Hard segment content of PUNs were calculated and its influence on network characteristics and mechanical properties was evaluated. CLD values (ν) increased with increase of hard segment content of PUN and the values quantified by different approaches followed the trend νe (by solvent swelling method) > νne2(by Initial modulus method)>νne1 (by Mooney Rivlin method).
On the Promotion of TKX‐50 Thermal Activity with Aluminum
Authors: Wang Di , Guo Xueyong , Wang Zhenghong , Wang Shuji , Wu Chengcheng , Zhao Wanjun , Fang Hua 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIt is significant to investigate the effect of aluminum (Al) on the thermal activity of Dihydroxylammonium 5, 5′‐bistetrazole‐1, 1′‐diolate (TKX‐50) for the application of TKX‐50‐based composite solid propellant. In this work, TKX‐50/Al composites with different particle sizes and contents of Al were blended, and the thermal decomposition and combustion properties were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermal decomposition kinetic methods, laser ignition experiments, and constant‐volume combustion cell test. The results showed that the exothermic peak temperatures for thermal decomposition of TKX‐50 were gradually advanced with the decrease of Al particle size. With the increase of Al nanoparticles (nAl) content, the peak temperatures of TKX‐50 first decreased and then increased. As the content of nAl was 50 %, the activation energy of TKX‐50 changed from 226.51 kJ ⋅ mol−1 to 215.23 kJ ⋅ mol−1, and the critical temperature of thermal explosion decreased by 13.54 °C after the addition of nAl. In addition, a small amount of nAl could promote the combustion of TKX‐50 that is reflected on the accelerated burning rate, increased maximum combustion pressure and pressurization rate. Overall, nAl with high specific surface area and high reactivity is a great thermal activity enhancement additive for TKX‐50.
Iterative learning guaranteed cost control based on two‐dimensional Roesser systems subject to denial‐of‐service attacks and fading measurements
Authors: Yu Wei , Huang Deqing , Bu Xuhui , Qin Na 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this article, the network‐based iterative learning guaranteed cost control problem for the linear systems subject to denial‐of‐service (DoS) attacks at input and output (I/O) sides is studied via faded channels. First, the DoS attacks are modeled by independent Bernoulli sequences, where the expectation and variance are known. The fading measurements in I/O channels are described as independent Gaussian distributions with known expectations and variances respectively. Then, the repetitive system and the proposed ILC scheme involving both the iteration and time axes are transformed into a random two‐dimensional (2D) Roesser model by using the 2D system theory. The mean‐square asymptotic stability is introduced and followed by the definition of guaranteed cost function. Next, sufficient conditions that can not only ensure the asymptotic stability but also the cost index are derived. By applying the linear matrix inequality technology, the gain matrices and the upper bound of the control cost are further obtained. After exploring the adverse effect brought by the random fading phenomenon, a compensation algorithm is then designed and the analysis is strictly deduced. Finally, an injection molding process example is given to confirm the validity of the design.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Aminocarbonylation of Heteroaryl Iodides
Authors: Gajanan  , Rathod K. , Jain Rahul 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPalladium‐catalyzed aminocarbonylation of heteroaryl iodides is reported in the presence of chloroform as the carbon monoxide surrogate. The substrate scope of the reaction was demonstrated by the synthesis of quinoline‐3‐carboxamides and other heteroaryl amides in yields up to 90 % under non‐inert conditions and microwave irradiation at 80 °C in 30 min. This carbonylation method provides efficient access to previously inaccessible biologically important heteroaryl carboxamides.
Structural Engineering of Cobalt‐Free Perovskite Enables Efficient and Durable Oxygen Reduction in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Dong Feifei , Ma Zilin , Ye Qirui , Zhang Bingkai , Li Lu , Yang Guangming , Ni Meng , Lin Zhan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDeveloping low‐cost, efficient, and durable cobalt‐free perovskite oxides for oxygen reduction reaction at intermediate‐to‐low temperatures is crucial to enhance the viability of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), a promising ingredient for establishing a more sustainable future. Herein, a highly active and robust cobalt‐free perovskite Ba0.75Sr0.25Fe0.95P0.05O3‐δ (BSFP) oxygen electrode via a facile co‐doping strategy for intermediate‐to‐low temperature SOFCs (ILT‐SOFCs) is reported by a combined experimental and theoretical approach. Attributed to stable and oxygen defect‐rich structure, and remarkable intrinsic oxygen transport kinetics, the BSFP cathode shows exceptional catalytic performance, including record‐level power output among iron‐based perovskite cathodes (1464 mW cm–2 at 600 °C), low area‐specific resistance (≈0.1 Ω cm2 at 600 °C), robust stability both in symmetrical and single cell configurations, and outstanding CO2 tolerance/reversibility. The first‐principle calculations validate the role of co‐doping of strontium and phosphorus for the high activity and durability. Central to this work is the combined experiment‐calculation approach to point to an effective strategy in the development of highly active and stable perovskite‐type cathodes for ILT‐SOFCs and related applications.
Exploring Singlish as a Pedagogical Resource in the ELT Classroom: Implementing Bidialectal Pedagogy in Singapore
Authors: Lu Luke 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDespite the prevalence of Singlish use among the Singaporean public, the vernacular is often seen as “bad English” without rules and grammar, or cast as an impediment to learning the standard register (Wee, 2005). This rhetoric is reproduced by the state (Chang, 2016), often involving the fear that speakers are unable to distinguish and deploy the two varieties appropriately. It is therefore unsurprising that bidialectal strategies involving Standard English and Singlish have never been officially endorsed by the state in its ELT classrooms. This is despite the suggestion for intervention in schools the last 20 years (Alsagoff, 2016; Fong, Lim & Wee, 2002; Tupas, 2018). This study presents findings from a definitive attempt at implementing such bidialectal pedagogy in Singapore in a mainstream secondary school. The study involved strategies for teaching Standard English and Singlish as two separate registers appropriate for specific contexts. Lessons were 1 hour per week, over 8 weeks, and were taught to two classes of 13‐year‐old Secondary One students. In the study, students were able to negotiate and contest the appropriateness of Singlish in specific situations, while deploying Singlish and Standard English features appropriately in written tasks (i.e., designing advertisements for various products). This suggests that Singlish can be a useful pedagogical resource in the development of critical language awareness (Alim, 2005), and that prevalent discourses surrounding the use of Singlish and Standard English by Singaporean students severely underestimate the proficiencies that they possess.