bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and Application of FOCUS App for Assessment of Approaches to Learning in 3–8-Year-Old Children in Kenya: A Design-Based Research Approach
Authors: Amukune Stephen , Barrett Karen Caplovitz , Szabó Norbert , Józsa Krisztián 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPerformance-based tools to assess school readiness domains such as Approaches to Learning are lacking in Low and Middle-Income Countries such as Kenya. This study aims to develop the Kenyan version of the FOCUS app (Finding Out Children's Unique Strengths), a game-like computer tablet assessment of two Approaches to Learning domains: mastery motivation and executive functions. We used a design-based research approach to develop and validate the FOCUS app, initially designed for the US and Hungarian Cultures, to suit the Kenyan context. We later followed children longitudinally from preschool to grade 1, to assess the applicability of the FOCUS app to the two grade levels. Results showed that the FOCUS app is valid and reliable. There was no significant difference in mastery motivation between the two waves. The FOCUS App can complement other school readiness tools to assess Approaches to Learning as one of the strategies to enhance school and life success.
Entrustable Professional Activities and Learning: The Postgraduate Trainee Perspective
Authors: Stephan Alice , Cheung Gary , van der Vleuten Cees 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Objective
Entrustable professional activities (EPAs) are used as clinical activities in postgraduate psychiatry training in Australasia. This study aimed to explore psychiatry trainees’ perceptions of the impact of EPAs on their motivation and learning.

Methods
A constructivist grounded theory approach was used to conceptualize the impact of EPAs on trainees’ motivation and learning. A purposive sample of trainees was recruited from across New Zealand. Semi-structured individual interviews were used for data collection and continued until theoretical saturation was reached.

Results
The impact of EPAs on learning was mediated by the trainee’s appraisals of subjective control, value, and the costs of engaging with EPAs. When appraisals were positive, EPAs encouraged a focus on particular learning needs and structured learning with the supervisor. However, when appraisals were negative, EPAs encouraged a superficial approach to learning. Trainee appraisals and their subsequent impact on motivation and learning were most affected by EPA granularity, alignment of EPAs with clinical practice, and the supervisor’s conscientiousness in their approach to EPAs.

Conclusions
To stimulate learning, EPAs must be valued by both trainees and supervisors as constituting a coherent work-based curriculum that encompasses the key fellowship competencies. If EPAs are to be effective as clinical tasks for learning, ongoing faculty development must be the leading priority.
Why We Need to Invest in Large-Scale, Long-Term Monitoring Programs in Landscape Ecology and Conservation Biology
Authors: Lindenmayer David B. , Lavery Tyrone , Scheele Ben C. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Large-scale and/or long-term monitoring has many important roles in landscape ecology and conservation biology. We explore some of these roles in this review. We also briefly discuss some of the key design issues that need to be considered when developing long-term, large-scale monitoring to ensure it is effective.

Recent Findings
Much has been written on the importance of ecological monitoring, but the record on monitoring in landscape ecology and conservation remains generally poor. For populations of many species and for many environmental management interventions, monitoring is rarely done, or done well. This review outlines some of the reasons it is critical to invest in well-designed, implemented, and maintained monitoring. New ways of using monitoring data, such as in environmental accounting and mandated environmental reporting, might provide avenues for garnering greater support for monitoring programs in the future.

Summary
We discuss seven of the most important roles of monitoring in landscape ecology and conservation biology. These are (1) documenting responses to environmental change, (2) answering key ecological questions, (3) testing existing ecological theory and developing new theory, (4) quantifying the effectiveness of management interventions, (5) informing environmental prediction systems, (6) engaging citizen scientists and the general public, and (7) contributing data and other insights to environmental initiatives. We illustrate these key roles with examples, drawn from existing large-scale, long-term work in a range of environments in Australia. We argue that some of these functions can only be realized if a monitoring program is well designed, implemented, and maintained.
Formal groupoids
Authors: McQuillan Michael 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe provide foundations for a characteristic free study of foliated varieties in terms of infinitesimal actions of formal groupoids. The ultimate goal is the bi-rational geometry of the same, and to this end we prove a cone theorem for foliations in curves, together with structure theorems for extremal rays, and, of course, a minimal model theorem for surfaces. All possible wild ramification effects of Deligne–Mumford champ are built in, along with the occasional use of Artin champ to address the $$\mathbb Q$$
Q
-Gorenstein condition.
When Research Topic Trend Prediction Meets Fact-Based Annotations
Authors: Wang Jiachen , Xu Jiajie , Chen Wei , Zhao Lei 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe unprecedented growth of publications in many research domains brings the great convenience for tracing and analyzing the evolution and development of research topics. Despite the significant contributions made by existing studies, they usually extract topics from the titles of papers, instead of obtaining topics from the authoritative sessions provided by venues (e.g., AAAI, NeurIPS, and SIGMOD). To make up for the shortcoming of existing work, we develop a novel framework namely RTTP(Research Topic Trend Prediction). Specifically, the framework contains the following two components: (1) a topic alignment strategy called TAS is designed to obtain the detailed contents of research topics in each year, (2) an enhanced prediction network called EPN is designed to capture the research trend of known years for prediction. In addition, we construct two real-world datasets of specific research domains in computer science, i.e., database and data mining, computer architecture and parallel programming. The experimental results demonstrate that the problem is well solved and our solution outperforms the state-of-the-art methods.
Entrepreneurship programs and their underlying pedagogy in secondary education in the Netherlands
Authors: Göksen-Olgun Sultan , Groot Wim , Wakkee Ingrid 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDespite the increase in entrepreneurship initiatives and interventions, there is a poor understanding of entrepreneurship programs' principles and learning objectives in secondary education. This study provides insight into the current range of entrepreneurship programs and their underlying pedagogy in secondary education in the Netherlands. To structure the analysis, we used the 11 design principles of Baggen et al. (Entrep Educ Pedagog 5(3):347–374, 2022). Data were collected from three different sources: the Vecon Business Schools (VBS) application forms, interviews with VBS schools, and additional documents. The findings show that most schools are unfamiliar with the definitions of entrepreneurship education. Many of the principles of broad entrepreneurship education focus on personal growth and the development of an entrepreneurial mindset. These are not always recognizable in secondary schools' current offerings of entrepreneurship education. Furthermore, the pedagogies on which entrepreneurship programs are based are mostly traditional, despite literature showing that (socially) constructivist entrepreneurship programs lend themselves better to developing an entrepreneurial mindset.
Exploration of non-trivial relations for the non-steady state nucleation rate: usefulness of the elliptic theta functions for its experimental estimations
Authors: Shigetomi Shota , Nishiwaki Mizuki 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
It is known that the non-steady state nucleation rate can be expressed as the product of the steady state nucleation rate and an elliptic theta function. However, there has been no research where rich mathematical properties of the elliptic theta functions were utilized to analyze the non-steady state nucleation processes. In this paper, we achieved two objectives by using the properties. The first one is to derive non-trivial relations for the non-steady state nucleation rate by using the rich mathematical properties of the elliptic theta functions, which could not be discovered in the conventional classical nucleation theory because of its complexities. The second one is to find solutions to two problems by solving a difference equation for the non-steady state nucleation rate: (i) it requires a large amount of effort and cost to estimate the time evolution of the non-steady state nucleation rate under some special conditions, and (ii) it is impossible to measure the non-steady state nucleation rate under some special cases. It is shown that our result help reduce the estimation cost of the non-steady state nucleation rate and makes mechanical estimation of the non-steady state nucleation rate possible from the past to the future.

Article highlights

Non-trivial relations for the non-steady state nucleation rate are found from the mathematical properties of the elliptic theta functions.

It is shown that our result help reduce the estimation cost of the non-steady state nucleation rate.

It is shown that our result makes mechanical estimation of the non-steady state nucleation rate possible from the past to the future.
Evaluation of steric entanglement in coiled-coil and domain-swapped protein interfaces using 3D printed models
Authors: Blaber Michael 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOligomeric protein interfaces involve non-covalent attractive forces plus potential steric entanglement. 70 years ago, Crick proposed a “Knobs in Holes” model for coiled-coil protein interfaces. Subsequently, modifications to this model have been proposed, describing either a “leucine zipper”, “jigsaw puzzle”, or a “peptide Velcro” interface. These principally describe forms of steric entanglement that may enhance oligomer stability. However, such entanglement has not been rigorously evaluated since it is not possible to experimentally eliminate intrinsic non-covalent attractive forces. 3D printing provides a novel means to evaluate steric entanglement of protein interfaces in the absence of attractive forces. Surprisingly, quantitation of the energy required to dissociate various coiled-coil protein interfaces of 3D printed protein models suggests minimal steric entanglement. Conversely, evaluation of domain-swapped interfaces of symmetric protein oligomers, differing by circular permutation, identifies extensive potential steric entanglement. Combined with available experimental data, the results suggest that steric entanglement of a protein interface can contribute to kinetic trapping of both folding and unfolding pathways. Steric entanglement of protein interfaces is therefore postulated to be an undesirable property for naturally evolved and designed protein oligomers.
Global Modeling of the Inner Magnetosphere Under the Influence of a Magnetic Cloud Associated With an Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejection: Energy Conversion and Ultra‐Low Frequency Wave Activity
Authors: Jauer P. R. , Wang C. , Echer E. , Souza V. M. , Da Silva L. A. , Marchezi J. P. , Alves L. R. , Alves M. V. , Douglas S. , Loesch C. , Liu Z. , Hui L. , Vieira L. E. A. , Gonzalez W. D. , Denardini C. M. , Medeiros C. , Costa J. E. R. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe interaction and response of the magnetic cloud‐type structure with Earth's magnetosphere were modeled by the SWMF/BATS‐R‐US code. The conversion of magnetic (Em), kinetic (Ek), and internal (Ei) energies was analyzed as well as the wave power integrated in the ultra‐low frequency (ULF) range of the poloidal (Eϕ) and toroidal (Er) electric field components in the equatorial region of the magnetosphere, in seven 2‐hr long intervals, namely, I1 through I7. The intensity of energy conversion and wave activity for I1 and I7 intervals was negligible. The energy conversion started in the I2 interval and extended to the I3, I4, and I5 intervals. The power of the Eϕ and Er components in the dayside and nightside regions is clearly observed. The I4 corresponds to interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) Bz mostly southward and the I5 has similar amplitudes of the Bz and By components, corresponding to the period of the high geomagnetic activity. The conversion rate for the I4 and I5 was similar, however, the integrated power spectral density (IPSD) of the Eϕ and Er components is more intense in I5. During the I6 interval, with predominant IMF By, the energy conversion rate is intensified mostly for inner radial distances R < 6 RE, and the Ek component becomes close to zero for outer regions. The energy conversion regions are located spatially close to or overlapping with regions where the IPSD in the ULF range is intensified. The energy conversion in the inner magnetosphere occurred preferentially between Em and Ei, with the Ek energy component always present but with lower intensities.
Quantifying the Relationship Between Atmospheric River Origin Conditions and Landfall Temperature
Authors: Gonzales Katerina R. , Swain Daniel L. , Roop Heidi A. , Diffenbaugh Noah S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe temperature of landfalling atmospheric rivers (ARs) has direct implications for regional water resources. Compared to cool ARs, warm ARs can result in more surface runoff and flooding, less water availability via low snow accumulations and enhanced snowmelt, and greater challenges for storm forecasting and reservoir operations. Based on case studies, ARs with subtropical origin locations and warm origin conditions are assumed to be associated with warmer landfall temperatures—though, to date, this has not yet been demonstrated systematically. We analyze North Pacific ARs that made landfall along the West Coast of North America from 1980 to 2017. We find that ARs originating over the subtropical Pacific Ocean near Hawaii (“Pineapple Express”‐type ARs) are indeed 1.5°C warmer and 2 kg/m2 moister in winter than ARs originating elsewhere. We extend this analysis for the full study population of ARs by quantifying AR origin conditions, including the spatial distribution of origin temperature, moisture content, and integrated vapor transport (IVT). We use fixed effects multivariate regression to quantify the relative influence of the origin conditions on landfall temperature. Our regression models show that AR origins with lower latitudes, longer AR lifetimes, and stronger IVT are associated with warmer landfall temperatures and that ARs that start warm generally stay warm. We also find that the phase of the El Niño/Southern Oscillation does not exhibit a consistent relationship with AR landfall temperature. Overall, our results partially affirm—yet also complicate—common assumptions about the role of different origin conditions in landfalling AR temperature.
A Physics‐Informed Bayesian Storyline Approach to Assess Sediment Transport in the Mekong
Authors: Xu Bo , He Xiaogang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe Mekong Delta, home to 20 million people, is experiencing significant land loss due to rising sea levels, accelerating land subsidence, and declining sediment supply. Robust estimates of the sediment flux delivered to Mekong Delta (SFMD) and the relative contribution of sediment load (RCSL) from individual subbasins are key to designing future adaptation strategies, such as strategic dam planning, sand mining, and delta groundwater management. However, existing estimates of SFMDand RCSL are largely deterministic without uncertainty quantification or using a uniform sampling to represent uncertainty. They also remain questionable due to data inconsistency and methodological biases caused by overlooked physical processes. Here, we develop a hybrid physics‐based data‐driven modeling framework to constrain the probability distribution of SFMDand RCSL and explore how they change under plausible climate change and land‐use change scenarios, leveraging recent advances in Bayesian inference (i.e., reasoning by refutation). We find that pure yield‐based approaches, which typically ignore sediment retention, can lead to higher estimates of RCSL from upstream regions compared with the physics‐based approach. Our best estimate of historical (1962–2005) SFMDcombining multiple lines of evidence shows a median of 106 Mt/yr with a 5%–95% range of 66–160 Mt/yr. Over the analyzed range of land‐use and climate change scenarios, future changes in SFMDseem to be more sensitive to the latter, especially changes in wet‐season precipitation. Our estimate of RCSL from the Upper Mekong River Basin is likely (>66% probability) in the range of 0.25–0.39 with a mean of 0.34 in all plausible scenarios.
Molecular targeted therapy for anticancer treatment
Authors: Min Hye-Young , Lee Ho-Young 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSince the initial clinical approval in the late 1990s and remarkable anticancer effects for certain types of cancer, molecular targeted therapy utilizing small molecule agents or therapeutic monoclonal antibodies acting as signal transduction inhibitors has served as a fundamental backbone in precision medicine for cancer treatment. These approaches are now used clinically as first-line therapy for various types of human cancers. Compared to conventional chemotherapy, targeted therapeutic agents have efficient anticancer effects with fewer side effects. However, the emergence of drug resistance is a major drawback of molecular targeted therapy, and several strategies have been attempted to improve therapeutic efficacy by overcoming such resistance. Herein, we summarize current knowledge regarding several targeted therapeutic agents, including classification, a brief biology of target kinases, mechanisms of action, examples of clinically used targeted therapy, and perspectives for future development.
Circular RNA CREBBP modulates cartilage degradation by activating the Smad1/5 pathway through the TGFβ2/ALK1 axis
Authors: Xu Yiyang , Mao Guping , Long Dianbo , Deng Zengfa , Xin Ruobin , Zhang Ziji , Xue Ting , Liao Weiming , Xu Jie , Kang Yan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOsteoarthritis, characterized by articular cartilage degradation, is the leading cause of chronic disability in older adults. Studies have indicated that circular RNAs are crucial regulators of chondrocyte development and are involved in the progression of osteoarthritis. In this study, we investigated the function and mechanism of a circular RNA and its potential for osteoarthritis therapy. The expression levels of circCREBBP, screened by circular RNA sequencing during chondrogenic differentiation in adipose tissue-derived stem cells, and TGFβ2 were significantly increased in the cartilage of patients with osteoarthritis and IL-1β-induced chondrocytes. circCREBBP knockdown increased anabolism in the extracellular matrix and inhibited chondrocyte degeneration, whereas circCREBBP overexpression led to the opposite effects. Luciferase reporter assays, rescue experiments, RNA immunoprecipitation, and RNA pulldown assays confirmed that circCREBBP upregulated TGFβ2 expression by sponging miR-1208, resulting in significantly enhanced phosphorylation of Smad1/5 in chondrocytes. Moreover, intra-articular injection of adeno-associated virus-sh-circCrebbp alleviated osteoarthritis in a mouse model of destabilization of the medial meniscus. Our findings reveal a critical role for circCREBBP in the progression of osteoarthritis and provide a potential target for osteoarthritis therapy.
Roles of RIPK3 in necroptosis, cell signaling, and disease
Authors: Morgan Michael J. , Kim You-Sun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractReceptor-interacting protein kinase-3 (RIPK3, or RIP3) is an essential protein in the “programmed” and “regulated” cell death pathway called necroptosis. Necroptosis is activated by the death receptor ligands and pattern recognition receptors of the innate immune system, and the findings of many reports have suggested that necroptosis is highly significant in health and human disease. This significance is largely because necroptosis is distinguished from other modes of cell death, especially apoptosis, in that it is highly proinflammatory given that cell membrane integrity is lost, triggering the activation of the immune system and inflammation. Here, we discuss the roles of RIPK3 in cell signaling, along with its role in necroptosis and various pathways that trigger RIPK3 activation and cell death. Lastly, we consider pathological situations in which RIPK3/necroptosis may play a role.
Evaluation of Nav1.8 as a therapeutic target for Pitt Hopkins Syndrome
Authors: Martinowich Keri , Das Debamitra , Sripathy Srinidhi Rao , Mai Yishan , Kenney Rakaia F. , Maher Brady J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPitt Hopkins Syndrome (PTHS) is a rare syndromic form of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) caused by autosomal dominant mutations in the Transcription Factor 4 (TCF4) gene. TCF4 is a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor that is critical for neurodevelopment and brain function through its binding to cis-regulatory elements of target genes. One potential therapeutic strategy for PTHS is to identify dysregulated target genes and normalize their dysfunction. Here, we propose that SCN10A is an important target gene of TCF4 that is an applicable therapeutic approach for PTHS. Scn10a encodes the voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.8 and is consistently shown to be upregulated in PTHS mouse models. In this perspective, we review prior literature and present novel data that suggests inhibiting Nav1.8 in PTHS mouse models is effective at normalizing neuron function, brain circuit activity and behavioral abnormalities and posit this therapeutic approach as a treatment for PTHS.