bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discussion on a method of single spinal anesthesia in old women with the pencil-point spinal needle
Authors: Wang Le , Wei Lei , Su HuiBin , Lu Gang , Yang Fen 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Objective: To investigate the feasibility and advantages of the penetrating spinal anesthesia with the pencil-point spinal needle, 25G.Methods: A total of 60 patients (ASA I-II) undergoing lower limb or hemorrhoids surgery were divided into two groups. Combined spinal epidural anesthesia (CSEA) was given in group A and spinal anesthesia was directly used in group B with pencil-point spinal needle. midline approaches method was used in both groups. After follow-up for one week, the anesthesia dissipation time，the backache, the leg pain and the paresthesia were recorded.Results: There was no significant difference in the duration, the leg pain, postdural puncture headache (PDPH) and the paresthesia of analgesia between two groups. The incidence of the lumbago in group B was lower than that in group A(0 vs 20%, P<0.05). Conclusion: The spinal anesthesia puncture with the pencil-point spinal needle is simple, feasible, and safe. Especially perfect for beginners and doctors without ultrasound.
Development and validation of a novel scale for antiretroviral therapy readiness among pregnant women in urban Zambia with newly diagnosed HIV infection
Authors: Mubiana-Mbewe Mwangelwa , Bosomprah Samuel , Saroj Rakesh K. , Kadota Jillian , Koyuncu Aybuke , Kusanathan Thankaian , Vinikoor Michael J. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
BackgroundPregnant women who are newly diagnosed with HIV infection may not be ready to initiate lifelong antiretroviral therapy (ART; called Option B+) on the day of HIV diagnosis as is recommended. This drives early disengagement from care and undermines prevention of HIV transmission to infants. Several studies have shown high early attrition of women initiating ART in pregnancy. Although various reasons including stigma, disclosure issues and structural issues have been proposed as contributing to poor ART uptake and adherence, there is no standard way of determining which pregnant woman will face challenges and therefore needs additional support. We developed and validated a novel Option B+ readiness tool in Lusaka, Zambia. MethodsThe aim of this study was to develop and validate a tool that could be used to assess how ready a newly diagnosed HIV positive pregnant woman would be to initiate ART on the day of diagnosis. Using a mixed method design, we conducted this study in three public-setting health facilities in Lusaka, Zambia. Informed by qualitative research and literature review, we identified 27 candidate items. We assessed content validity using expert and target population judgment approaches. We administered the 27-item questionnaire to 454 newly diagnosed HIV positive pregnant women, who were enrolled into a randomized trial (trials number NCT02459678). We performed item reduction analysis and used Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.70 as threshold for reliability. ResultsA total of 454 HIV-infected pregnant women enrolled in the study between March 2017 and December 2017; 452 had complete data for analysis. The correlation coefficient between the 27 items on the completed ART readiness scale ranged from 0.31 to 0.70 while item discrimination index ranged from -0.01 to 2.38. Sixteen items were selected for the final scale, representing three domains, which we classified as “internalized and anticipated HIV stigma”, “partner support” and “anticipated structural barriers”. ConclusionWe developed and validated a tool that could be used to assess readiness of newly diagnosed HIV positive women to initiate ART. This ART readiness tool could allow clinics to tailor limited resources to pregnant women living with HIV needing additional support to initiate and remain on ART.
Performance comparison of different HTM-spatial pooler algorithms based on information-theoretic measures
Authors: Sanati Shiva , Rouhani Modjtaba , Hodtani Ghosheh Abed 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

This paper provided an information-theoretic framework for the performance comparison of different types of HTM-Spatial Pooler (SP) algorithms for the first time. There are two primary goals. The first goal is to measure SP's performance as a standalone component, and the second goal is to compute the SP performance on the whole performance of the HTM algorithm. For this purpose, four different SPs were introduced by making changes in each of the four parts of the SP algorithm. The SP algorithm was considered a black box. Three information-theoretic measures, i.e., Renyi mutual information, Renyi divergence, and Henze-Penrose divergence, were proposed to determine the similarities and differences between the input and output of the SP algorithm. So the accuracy of each method was computed by these information-theoretic measures. This paper was able to quantify the similarities and differences between the two SDRs in the SP algorithm, unlike previous papers that do experimentally. Then, the results were compared with the Overlap Score measure that was previously introduced and found that the results of the new measures were compatible with the previous one. Four different datasets: MNIST, Fashion-MNIST, Hotgym, and NYC-Taxi, were used to perform experiments. The performance of each SP algorithm in the whole HTM system was examined and analyzed using the accuracy and error percentage measures. Finally, it concluded that the best SP algorithm's efficiency leads to the best HTM algorithm.
Structural and energetic differences between the human RXRα–PPARγ heterodimer with and without DNA binding
Authors: Azam Faizul , Bello Martiniano 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Structural data of multidomain structures of nuclear receptor complexes provides essential insights into how the quaternary complex impacts the nuclear receptor function. The heterodimeric complex between retinoic X receptor alpha (RXRα) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is one of the most important and predominant regulatory systems, controlling lipid metabolism by binding to specific DNA promoter regions. X-ray and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have revealed the average conformation adopted by the RXRα–PPARγ heterodimer bound to DNA, providing information about how multiple domains communicate to regulate receptor properties. However, knowledge of the energetic basis of the protein-ligand and protein-protein interactions is still lacking. Here we explore the structural and energetic mechanism of RXRα–PPARγ–DNA systems through microsecond MD simulations, molecular mechanics generalized Born surface area binding free energy calculations, principal component analysis, the free energy landscape, and correlated motion analysis. In our MD simulations, the RXRα–PPAR system was either bound or not bound to DNA and formed a complex with co-crystallized ligands (PDB entry 3DZY). Our results reveal new protein-ligand and protein-protein interactions that had not been reported in prior crystallographic studies. Binding free energy studies showed differences in protein-ligand and protein-protein affinity, whereas principal component analysis revealed differences in the conformational entropy depending on whether RXRα–PPARγ is bound or not bound to DNA. Correlated motions suggested that the allosteric communication is DNA dependent and bidirectional, impacting the protein-ligand and protein-protein interactions.
Using Google Colab for Easily-Implemented User-Customizable Bioinformatics Web Tools: A Case Study Through OKtool for Overlapping K-mer Retrieval
Authors: Gao Andrew , Gao Sarah 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Bioinformatics web tools and servers are a powerful way for researchers to share valuable computational tools. They are ideal because users can run analyses in their browsers without having to download, set up, and run code on their local system. However, bioinformatics tool development requires web development proficiency and server costs which can be a barrier to entry. Google Colaboratory (Colab) is an online interactive code environment available to anyone with a free account. Colab is easy for both the developer and user. It allows researchers to make code available without needing web development skills. Users can customize code easily through Colab, which is beneficial since current bioinformatics web tools do not allow the user to edit code and perform customized operations. Also, Colab allows for easy collaboration and editing of code without concerns about platform compatibility between computers. Due to its user-friendly and customizable properties, we propose using Colab for developing bioinformatics tools. In this case study, we demonstrate implementation of the OKtool on Colab, a Python-based tool for calculating overlapping k-mers of desired length from a list of protein or DNA sequences. Applications include motif analysis and antigenic epitope analysis. It is a highly-customizable tool fully implemented in Colab that provides a FASTA file of k-mers derived from any given list of sequences. Overall, our work demonstrates the potential for bioinformatics tool development on Colab. OKtool is freely accessible at oktool.cloud.AvailabilityShort link: oktool.cloudFull link: https://colab.research.google.com/drive/15Z1ZETuJcXW59D4XKDWi9OKwtaEZC1nz?usp=sharingGithub link: https://github.com/andrewgcodes/OKtoolImplementationSimply open the Google Colab link to run the code. Step by step instructions are provided. No downloads are necessary. If unable to access Colab, download the Github IPYNB file and open in Jupyter on your system. The only needed library is Pandas, which can be installed via pip.
WITHDRAWN: Viral reactivation in the lungs of patients with severe pneumonia is associated with increased mortality, a multicenter, retrospective study
Authors: Huang Lingtong , Fang Xueling 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Purpose
This study aims to assess the clinical features of virome in the early onset of severe pneumonia in ICU patients.
Methods
A total of 97 patients’ clinical data was collected retrospectively from intensive care units of five teaching hospitals in China from June 2018 to July 2021 followed by metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) at the onset of severe pneumonia.
Results
Cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1), and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) were the most common reactivated viruses in the lower respiratory tract of patients with severe pneumonia. After adjusting for the risk of confounding and competition, viral reactivation resulted in an overall increase of 2.052 folds of 28-day all-cause mortality (95% CI: 1.004–4.194).
Conclusion
This study showed that CMV, HSV-1, and EBV were the most common reactivated viruses in the lungs of patients in the ICU at the onset of severe pneumonia. Viral reactivation is common and associated with an increased risk of mortality.
Nogo-A mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress during myocardial ischemic-reperfusion injury in diabetic rats
Authors: Xiong Yonghong , Leng Yan , Li Wei , Li Wenyuan , Tian Hao , Tao Jie , Chen Rong , Xia Zhongyuan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Among the three isoforms encoded by neurite outgrowth inhibitor proteins has been intensely investigated as a central nervous system inhibitor. Although neurite outgrowth inhibitor protein-A (Nogo-A) expression is increased in plasma of patients who have experienced a coronary heart disease, its role in heart desease is not well elucidated. In this study, we discovered a significant increase in Nogo-A expression in diabetic myocardial ischemia reperfusion (MI/R) injury conditions. Accelerated Nogo-A and MI/R injury in diabetic rats was attenuated by tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) treatment and knockdown of Nogo-A per se is sufficient to decrease endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress as well as prevents cardiomyocyte apoptosis. We hypothesized that decreased Nogo-A levels might reducing diabetic MI/R injury. Nogo-A interacted with C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), suggesting a role for Nogo-A in ER stress during diabetic MI/R. In conclusion, Nogo-A mediated ER stress plays a major role in diabetic MI/R injury, and pathologically altered Nogo-A expression mediates diabetic MI/R injury, suggesting Nogo-A as a novel target for the treatment of diabetic MI/R injury in clinical settings.
WITHDRAWN: Red Deer Optimization Based Grid Interactive Asymmetrical Reduced Switch Multilevel Inverter with Low Output Harmonics using Single PV Source
Authors: Mohanty Rupali , Chatterjee Debashis , Suman Swati 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This paper proffers a Multilevel Inverter (MLI) topology that designed with minimum number of power switch with a single voltage source. This reduced MLI is energized by Photo Voltaic (PV) module and integrating with low voltage grid, which is cost effective with minimum number of switching devices and input voltage sources. Asymmetrical voltages are provided through series capacitors across PV boost voltage, which resulted different grading of voltage levels at the output side of reduced MLI. This output voltage has provided a smooth sinusoidal waveform than the symmetrical one. The proposed algorithm has overcome the deprivation of cascade H-bridge MLI and conventional two-level inverter with low switching loss and minimum switching stress. The varying capacitance ratio with respect to a reference value and required switching pulses are determined by the help of a new metaheuristic algorithm called Red Deer Optimization (RDO) algorithm. This algorithm has optimized the Total Harmonics Distortion (THD) of a grid tied three-phase reduced H-bridge MLI to 2.33% and has properly balanced the capacitance ratio across source voltage for which the MLI has resulted less distorted voltage and current waveforms across grid side. The performance of this new metaheuristic algorithm has been compared with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) algorithms to prove its potency. The operation and efficiency of this proposed reduced MLI has been endorsed with the help of simulation and experimental results as well.
The dynamics of Paiku Co lake area in response to climate change
Authors: Yang Zhichong , Dai Xiaoai , Wang Zekun , Gao Xiaojie , Qu Ge , Li Weile , Li Jingzhong , Lu Heng , Wang Youlin 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
With the drastic change in global climate, the wide distribution of natural lakes over the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (TP) has attracted extensive attention due to their high climate sensitivity. In this paper, we investigated the dynamics of Paiku Co, the largest inland lake in the Qomolangma Natural Reserve, with the associated response to climate change in the past three decades. The methods used contain the water index method, the spatial and temporal fusion model, the statistical mono-window algorithm, and multi-variable linear regression. Lake area fluctuated greatly in 1990–2000, followed by a continuous shrinkage in 2000–2010, and it stabilized after that (2010–2020). We forecasted that Paiku Co would enter a slow expansion period. Conjoint analysis with climate factors showed that the area variation of Paiku Co was not significantly related to precipitation change, but negatively related to the change of air temperature and lake temperature. We found that the lake change was not dominated by a single factor but showed different climate sensitivity in each period. Especially, there was a common inflection point around 2013 that might herald the occurrence of a new trend of climate change. This article provides new ideas and solutions for the research of lakes in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and offers a reference for water resource management.
Numerical simulation of soil water movement by gravity subsurface hole irrigation
Authors: Fan Yanwei , Zhu Chunyan , Bai Guilin , Ma Tianhua , Wang Zhenchang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAridity and soil erosion are two bottlenecks restricting the sustainable development of the Loess Plateau and are also fundamental reasons for the ecological fragility of the region. A gravity subsurface hole irrigation system was proposed to regulate rainfall–runoff, achieve rainwater stylization, and reduce soil erosion. Based on HYDRUS-2D/3D, a mathematical model of soil water movement under gravity subsurface hole irrigation was created. Thirty-five scenarios were designed to analyze five cumulative infiltration volumes (I) and wetting front migration distance (W), and changes under different combinations of saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks), infiltrating hole diameter (D), infiltrating pipe depth (B), matric potential (Ψm), and infiltration time (T). The results indicated that when Ks, D, B, and T increased, I also increased, while Ψm increased and I decreased. In addition, when I and Ψm increase, W increases. However, when D and B increase, W decreases. Ks promotes W in a vertical downward direction but inhibits W in the vertically upward and horizontal directions. The simulation results established the I estimation model and the W estimation model (power function continuous multiplication form). There was acceptable uniformity among the predicted and measured values, and its reliability was verified experimentally.
Municipal wastewater discharge standards for ammonia nitrogen in Brazil: technical elements to guide decisions
Authors: Dantas Marina Salim , de Morais Silva Luis Fernando , Novaes Hosana Hiromi Utida , Oliveira Sílvia Corrêa 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In Brazil, domestic effluents represent the primary source of pressure on water resources. Water pollution can be controlled by defining, applying, and enforcing the effluent standards for wastewater discharge. Discussions are ongoing in Minas Gerais State regarding the possibility of setting a discharge standard for ammonia nitrogen in municipal wastewater, which is currently not required. However, providing technical support for decision-making is challenging because of the difficulties in accessing monitoring data from sewage treatment plants. This study aimed to analyze the monitoring data from 49 sewage treatment plants operating in Minas Gerais to offer guidance for decision making. High concentrations of ammonia nitrogen in the effluents of the treatment plants were found, reinforcing the need for better control and the adoption of more advanced technologies. Furthermore, it was observed an increase in concentrations downstream of the discharges in the receiving water bodies. Adopting a progressive and adaptable discharge standard can be a solution for better control of treatment systems.
Qualitative Assessment of Hiv-1 Reverse Transcriptase Activities: a Need For Improved Drug Screening Strategies
Authors: Le  Grice Stuart F.J. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract:
Introducing defined heteropolymeric template-primers and high resolution gel electrophoresis to analyze the DNA polymerase and ribonuclease H (RNase H) functions of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) indicates that enzymes whose activities are quantitatively comparable can differ significantly in the quality of their product. Examples are presented here to illustrate that drugs altering processivity of DNA synthesis or uncoupling RNase H activities could go unnoticed using the current methods of high-flux screening.
Recognizing, Managing and Treating Acute Agitation in Youths
Authors: Salvi Virginio , Orsolini Laura , Martino Lorenzo Maria , Pompili Simone , Volpe Umberto 
Published: June 2022

Abstract:Acute agitation is common in youths presenting to emergency departments, and, in some cases, may escalate into aggression and violence. Therefore, acute agitation in youths should be immediately and appropriately recognized and treated to avoid the consequences of its escalation. Agitation is widespread in youths, being reported in around 7% of all youths admitted to emergency departments due to psychiatric reasons. Overall, the most frequent causes of youth acute agitation include the exacerbation of neurodevelopmental disorders such as ADHD, autism, or intellectual disabilities, or the onset of mood and psychotic disorders. Substance abuse is also common in adolescents and young adults with acute agitation. Management of agitation should be individualized, multidisciplinary, and collaborative. Along with a diagnostic assessment, the needs of the young patients should be understood and addressed, and de-escalation strategies should be immediately prompted. Rapid recognition and management are warranted, in order to assure the safety of the patient and healthcare staff jeopardized by the acute crisis. Firstly, environmental and de-escalation strategies should be acted with the aim to reduce agitation and, if possible, avoid the use of physical restraint. In case these strategies fail to succeed, pharmacological treatment should be rapidly implemented. Although youth agitation and aggression is trans-diagnostic, prior diagnosis of psychiatric disorder should guide the choice of the tranquilizing medication whenever possible. This review will examine these aspects in detail and provide guidance on how to recognize, manage, treat and resolve acute agitation in youths.
Outpatient Care Among Users and Nonusers of Direct-to-Patient Telehealth: Observational Study
Authors: Cuellar Alison , Pomeroy J Mary Louise , Burla Sriteja , Jena Anupam B 
Published: June 2022

Background
Expansion of telehealth insurance coverage is hampered by concerns that such coverage may encourage excessive use and spending.

Objective
The aim of this paper is to examine whether users of telehealth services rely more on other forms of outpatient care than nonusers, and to estimate the differences in payment rates.

Methods
We examined claims data from a large national insurer in 2017. We limited our analysis to patients with visits for 3 common diagnoses (N=660,546). We calculated the total number of visits per patient, overall, and by setting, and adjusted for patient- and county-level factors.

Results
After multivariable adjustment, telehealth-visit users, compared to nonusers, had 0.44 fewer visits to primary care, 0.11 fewer visits to emergency departments, and 0.17 fewer visits to retail and urgent care. All estimates are statistically significant at P<.001. Average payment rates for telehealth visits were lower than all other settings.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that telehealth visits may substitute rather than add to in-person care for some types of care. Our study suggests that telehealth visits may offer an efficient and less costly alternative.