bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Sounds of Memory: Extending the Age–Prospective Memory Paradox to Everyday Behavior and Conversations
Authors: Haas Maximilian , Mehl Matthias R , Ballhausen Nicola , Zuber Sascha , Kliegel Matthias , Hering Alexandra 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Around the turn of the millennium, the “age–prospective memory (PM) paradox” challenged the classical assumption that older adults necessarily evidence a marked decline in PM functioning. As previous investigations highlighted ecological validity to be a potential explanation, the present study sought to extend established approaches by using novel real-world assessment technologies to examine PM unobtrusively in everyday-life conversations.

Method
Next to laboratory PM tasks, real-life PM performance of 53 younger adults (19–32 years) and 38 older adults (60–81 years) was assessed from three sources: Over 9 days, participants completed an experimenter-given naturalistic task, a diary-based approach assessing self-assigned intentions, as well as an ambulatory assessment with the Electronically Activated Recorder (EAR), a device that unobtrusively samples ambient sounds to detect spontaneous speech production related to (lapses in) everyday PM.

Results
Older adults showed lower performance in laboratory PM only for the time-based task and performed either equally well as or even better than younger adults in everyday PM. With regard to PM performance as captured in real-life ambient audio data, younger adults talked more frequently about PM than older adults, but no significant difference between younger and older adults was found for speech related to PM errors.

Discussion
Findings confirmed older adults’ preserved PM performance in everyday life across different indicators with increasing ecological validity. Furthermore, as a novel method to assess conversational PM in everyday life, the EAR opens new insights about the awareness of PM lapses and the communication of intentions in real life.
Does Retirement Change What Individuals Value in Life? Results From a 3-Year Panel Study
Authors: Grünwald Olga , Damman Marleen , Henkens Kène 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objectives
In previous research on retirement, what individuals value in life is often assumed to remain stable after the transition into retirement. However, retirement exposes individuals to new social settings and might thus prompt them to reevaluate their life orientations. Quantitative empirical knowledge about this process is limited, though. This study examines the impact of retirement on changes in the perceived importance of self-development, social status, societal contribution, and generativity in older adults’ lives. We draw on the life-course framework to develop hypotheses about which life orientations are more likely to change after retirement and how.

Methods
We analyzed data collected in 2015 and 2018 among 5,034 Dutch individuals aged 60–65 and employed at baseline. Around half had fully retired at follow-up (either voluntarily or involuntarily), and 10% worked after retirement.

Results
Conditional change models reveal that voluntary full retirement was linked to statistically significant—but (very) small—decreases in the importance of self-development, social status, societal contribution, and generativity compared to continuous career work. Differences in changes of life orientations between retirement processes (i.e., postretirement work, involuntary full retirement) were also small.

Discussion
The findings point to relatively high levels of continuity during the transition from career employment to retirement, given the small effect sizes observed. The notion that after retirement, individuals will reevaluate what they value in life—as expected in light of the exposure-based mechanism from the life-course literature—seems to be less pronounced than initially expected.
Subjective Aging and Objectively Assessed Hearing Function: A Prospective Study of Older Adults
Authors: Stephan Yannick , Sutin Angelina R , Terracciano Antonio 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Subjective aging is consistently related to a range of health-related outcomes, but little is known about its relationship with sensory functioning. The present prospective study tested whether subjective age and self-perceptions of aging (SPA) are associated with objective hearing function.

Methods
Participants were 7,085 individuals aged 50–93 years (60% women, mean = 65.15, standard deviation [SD] = 8.71) from the Health and Retirement Study. Measures of subjective age, SPA, and information on demographic factors were obtained in 2008/2010. Objective hearing function was assessed 8 years later in 2016/2018. Furthermore, potential mediating variables (C-reactive protein, body mass index, physical inactivity, and chronic conditions) were assessed in 2012/2014.

Results
In regression analyses that accounted for demographic factors, older subjective age and negative SPA were associated with lower hearing acuity 8 years later. In addition, 1 SD older subjective age and negative SPA were related to a 9% and 7% higher likelihood of hearing impairment. Mediation analyses revealed that physical inactivity and chronic conditions partially mediated subjective age and SPA associations with hearing acuity. There was little evidence that the link between subjective aging and hearing was moderated by hearing aids and partial support for a moderating role of age.

Discussion
This study provides new evidence that subjective aging is prospectively related to hearing function. Individuals with older subjective age or negative SPA have unfavorable behavioral and clinical profiles that explain part of their lower hearing function. Individuals’ experience with their aging process is a marker of risk for impaired hearing.
Resilience in Interracial–Interethnic Relationships in the United States: Assessing Relationship Maintenance and Communal Orientation as Protection Against Network Stigma
Authors: Haughton Chantel , Afifi Tamara D 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Using the theory of resilience and relational load as a framework, this study examined whether a stress reduction or a stress-buffering model best explained risk and resilience in interracial–interethnic relationships in the United States when managing stigma from one’s social network. Eight hundred and sixteen Black and Latinx individuals in heterosexual relationships with a white, non-Latinx partner completed the survey. The stress reduction model was a better representation of individuals’ experiences in Latinx–white relationships and the stress-buffering model was a better representation of individuals’ experiences in Black–white relationships. For Latinx individuals, greater relationship maintenance received from one’s white partner and stronger levels of communal orientation were associated with reductions in stigma-related stress and conflict, which in turn, were associated with better relationship satisfaction and less relational load. For Black individuals, relationship maintenance and communal orientation moderated the associations between stress/conflict and the relational outcomes, but in unexpected ways.
A Prospective Trial with Long Term Follow-up of Patients With Severe, Steroid-Resistant Ulcerative Colitis Who Received Induction Therapy With Cyclosporine and Were Maintained With Vedolizumab
Authors: Tarabar Dino , El Jurdi Katia , Traboulsi Cindy , Yvellez Olivia , Milenkovic Zoran , Petrovic Stanko , Subotic Bojana , Gils Ann , Brocic Tanja , Brcerevic Irina , Latinovic Olgica , Jocic Tanja , Rubin David T 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
Combining vedolizumab with a rapid-onset drug such as cyclosporine is a novel combination treatment for severe steroid-resistant ulcerative colitis (UC). This prospective study describes the efficacy and safety of cyclosporine in conjunction with vedolizumab in patients with severe, steroid-resistant UC with 1 year of follow-up.

Methods
Seventeen steroid-resistant UC patients were treated with cyclosporine in combination with vedolizumab, with a follow up of 52 weeks. Clinical and endoscopic response, remission rates, and colectomy-free survival were the primary endpoints. Secondary endpoints included biochemical response and remission with C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and fecal calprotectin.

Results
Fifteen (88%) of 17 patients initially responded to cyclosporine and were started on vedolizumab. By week 10, 11 (73%) of 15 patients had achieved endoscopic remission with a Mayo score of ≤1. At week 26, 14 (93%) of 15 of the patients were in clinical remission and 11 (73%) were in endoscopic remission. At week 52 of follow-up, 10 (71%) of 14 of these patients continued to be in endoscopic remission and 11 (79%) of 14 were in clinical remission. Among the 10 patients in endoscopic remission, 8 (80%) reached histological remission. Colectomy-free survival rate was 82% (n = 14 of 17) at 1 year and mean C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and fecal calprotectin levels were 3.2 mg/L, 16.1 mm/h, and 168.3 µg/g, respectively. No serious adverse events were reported.

Conclusions
Bridging cyclosporine to vedolizumab in severe, steroid-refractory UC patients is effective and safe at inducing and maintaining clinical, endoscopic, and biochemical response and remission up to 52 weeks of follow-up. Larger prospective studies are warranted.
Underrepresentation of Minorities and Lack of Race Reporting in Ulcerative Colitis Drug Development Clinical Trials
Authors: Sedano Rocio , Hogan Malcolm , McDonald Cassandra , Aswani-Omprakash Tina , Ma Christopher , Jairath Vipul 
Published: January 2022

Lay Summary
Historically, inflammatory bowel disease trials report high rates of White patients enrollment. To promote initiatives toward diversifying the enrolled population, we assessed the reporting of race and ethnicity of patients enrolled in pharmaceutical clinical trials for ulcerative colitis.
The expression and role of tenascin C in abdominal aortic aneurysm formation and progression
Authors: Nagel Felix , Schaefer Anne-Kristin , Gonçalves Inês Fonseca , Acar Eylem , Oszwald Andre , Kaiser Philipp , Kain Renate , Trescher Karola , Eilenberg Wolf H , Brostjan Christine , Santer David , Kiss Attila , Podesser Bruno K 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Up-regulation of tenascin C (TNC), a matricellular protein, produced mainly by vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), is associated with the progression and dilation of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). The aims of this study were (i) to evaluate whether serum levels of TNC in patients with AAA patients correlate with aortic diameter and (ii) to clarify the role of TNC in formation and progression of AAA in a murine model.

METHODS
In 15 patients with AAA serum levels of TNC were measured and correlated with aortic diameters. Moreover, in a murine calcium chloride AAA model, the impact of TNC deficiency on AAA diameter was evaluated. Finally, human VSMC were incubated with TNC to clarify its regulating potential.

RESULTS
In the clinical cohort, there was a trend of correlation between serum TNC levels and AAA diameter (P = 0.055). TNC knock out mice with AAA showed significantly lower diameter ratios compared to the wild-type group (WT) 3 weeks (P &lt; 0.05) and 10 weeks (P &lt; 0.05) after AAA induction. Immunohistochemistry revealed increased TNC expression in aortic tissue from WT with AAA as compared sham-operated mice. Furthermore, WT with AAA showed a more disrupted Elastin structure than TNC knock out mice 10 weeks after AAA induction. In human aortic VSMC, TNC incubation induced expression of remodelling associated proteins.

CONCLUSIONS
TNC might play a causative role in the formation, dilation and progression of AAA. Our results indicate that TNC might be a biomarker as well as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of AAA.
Rapid evaporative ionization mass spectrometry (intelligent knife) for point-of-care testing in acute aortic dissection surgery
Authors: Davies Hannah A , Caamano-Gutierrez Eva , Sarsby Joscelyn , Chim Ya Hua , Barrett Steve , Nawaytou Omar , Harky Amer , Field Mark , Akhtar Riaz , Madine Jillian 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Rapid evaporative ionization mass spectrometry (REIMS) can discriminate aneurysmal from normal aortic tissue. Our objective in this work was to probe the integrity of acute dissection tissue using biomechanical, biochemical and histological techniques and demonstrate that REIMS can be used to discriminate identified differences.

METHODS
Human aortic tissue was obtained from patients undergoing surgery for acute aortic dissection. Biomechanical, biochemical and histological assessment was carried out to probe mechanical properties and elastin, collagen and glycosaminoglycan composition of the tissue. Monopolar electrocautery was applied to samples and surgical aerosol aspirated and analysed by REIMS to produce mass spectral data.

RESULTS
Tissue was obtained from 10 patients giving rise to 26 tissue pieces: 10 false lumen (FL), 10 dissection flap and 6 true lumen samples. Models generated from biomechanical and biochemical data showed that FL tissue was distinct from true lumen and dissection flap tissue. REIMS identified the same pattern being able to classify tissue types with 72.4% accuracy and 69.3% precision. Further analysis of REIMS data for FL tissue suggested patients formed 3 distinct clusters. Histological and biochemical assessment revealed patterns of extracellular matrix degradation within the clusters that are associated with altered tissue integrity identified using biomechanical testing.

CONCLUSIONS
Structural integrity of the FL in acute Type A dissection could dictate future clinical distal disease progression. REIMS can detect differences in tissue integrity, supporting its development as a point-of-care test to guide surgical intraoperative decision-making.
A communication procedure between community pharmacists and primary care professionals resolves medication errors and other administrative issues
Authors: Oñatibia-Astibia Ainhoa , Larrañaga Belen , Iribar Josune , Etxeberria Arritxu , Odriozola Nekane , Montero-Muñoz Almudena , Gastelurrutia Miguel Ángel , Bustinduy Ana , Goyenechea Estibaliz 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of this study was to implement a communication procedure, with agreed-upon protocols, to resolve daily medication errors and other administrative issues that require communication between community pharmacists (CPs) and primary healthcare professionals (PHCPs).

Methods
A 6-month pilot study followed by a year-length principal study was carried out in the Donostialdea Integrated Healthcare Organisation (IHO). Afterwards, the project was extended to other IHOs. The CPs identified medication errors or other administrative issues that required communication with PHCPs, contacting the customer service staff by telephone for urgent problems and by email for non-urgent problems.

Key findings
In total, 49 community pharmacies participated in the study. A total of 1179 medication errors and other administrative issues were detected, and over 90% of problems were solved in less than 24 h (n = 1079, 91.5%). Email was the more frequently used communication method (n = 874, 74.1%), and the most prevalent problems were due to absent (n = 766, 65.0%) and expired (n = 226, 19.2%) electronic prescriptions. Most of the participants were satisfied with the programme.

Conclusion
The present communication procedure between CPs and PHCPs is an efficient tool to resolve a variety of challenges that occur in community pharmacies.
Automorphic Lie Algebras and Modular Forms
Authors: Knibbeler Vincent , Lombardo Sara , Veselov Alexander P 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe introduce and study certain hyperbolic versions of automorphic Lie algebras related to the modular group. Let $\Gamma $ be a finite index subgroup of $\textrm {SL}(2,\mathbb Z)$ with an action on a complex simple Lie algebra $\mathfrak g$, which can be extended to $\textrm {SL}(2,{\mathbb {C}})$. We show that the Lie algebra of the corresponding $\mathfrak {g}$-valued modular forms is isomorphic to the extension of $\mathfrak {g}$ over the usual modular forms. This establishes a modular analogue of a well-known result by Kac on twisted loop algebras. The case of principal congruence subgroups $\Gamma (N), \, N\leq 6$, is considered in more detail in relation to the classical results of Klein and Fricke and the celebrated Markov Diophantine equation. We finish with a brief discussion of the extensions and representations of these Lie algebras.
Deformed Polynuclear Growth in (1+1) Dimensions
Authors: Aggarwal Amol , Borodin Alexei , Wheeler Michael 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe introduce and study a one parameter deformation of the polynuclear growth (PNG) in (1+1)-dimensions, which we call the $t$-PNG model. It is defined by requiring that, when two expanding islands merge, with probability $t$ they sprout another island on top of the merging location. At $t=0$, this becomes the standard (non-deformed) PNG model that, in the droplet geometry, can be reformulated through longest increasing subsequences of uniformly random permutations or through an algorithm known as patience sorting. In terms of the latter, the $t$-PNG model allows errors to occur in the sorting algorithm with probability $t$. We prove that the $t$-PNG model exhibits one-point Tracy–Widom Gaussian Unitary Ensemble asymptotics at large times for any fixed $t\in [0,1)$, and one-point convergence to the narrow wedge solution of the Kardar–Parisi–Zhang equation as $t$ tends to $1$. We further construct distributions for an external source that are likely to induce Baik–Ben Arous–Péché-type phase transitions. The proofs are based on solvable stochastic vertex models and their connection to the determinantal point processes arising from Schur measures on partitions.
Phylogenomics of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 in Emergency Shelters for People Experiencing Homelessness
Authors: Casto Amanda M , Rogers Julia H , Link Amy C , Boeckh Michael , Jackson Michael L , Uyeki Timothy M , Englund Janet A , Starita Lea M , Chu Helen Y 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
Residents and staff of emergency shelters for people experiencing homelessness (PEH) are at high risk of infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The importance of shelter-related transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in this population remains unclear. It is also unknown whether there is significant spread of shelter-related viruses into surrounding communities.

Methods
We analyzed genome sequence data for 28 SARS-CoV-2-positive specimens collected from 8 shelters in King County, Washington between March and October, 2020.

Results
We identified at least 12 separate SARS-CoV-2 introduction events into these 8 shelters and estimated that 57% (16 of 28) of the examined cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection were the result of intrashelter transmission. However, we identified just a few SARS-CoV-2 specimens from Washington that were possible descendants of shelter viruses.

Conclusions
Our data suggest that SARS-CoV-2 spread in shelters is common, but we did not observe evidence of widespread transmission of shelter-related viruses into the general population.
Comparative Single-Dose mRNA and ChAdOx1 Vaccine Effectiveness Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2, Including Variants of Concern: Test-Negative Design, British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Skowronski Danuta M , Setayeshgar Solmaz , Zou Macy , Prystajecky Natalie , Tyson John R , Sbihi Hind , Fjell Chris D , Galanis Eleni , Naus Monika , Patrick David M , El Adam Shiraz , Ahmed May A , Kim Shinhye , Henry Bonnie , Hoang Linda M N , Sadarangani Manish , Jassem Agatha N , Krajden Mel 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
In British Columbia, Canada, most adults 50–69 years old became eligible for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine in April 2021, with chimpanzee adenoviral vectored vaccine (ChAdOx1) restricted to ≥55-year-olds and second doses deferred ≥6 weeks to optimize single-dose coverage.

Methods
Among adults 50–69 years old, single-dose messenger RNA (mRNA) and ChAdOx1 vaccine effectiveness (VE) against SARS-CoV-2 infection and hospitalization, including variant-specific, was assessed by test-negative design between 4 April and 2 October 2021.

Results
Single-dose VE included 11 861 cases and 99 544 controls. Median of postvaccination follow-up was 32 days (interquartile range, 15–52 days). Alpha, Gamma, and Delta variants comprised 23%, 18%, and 56%, respectively, of genetically characterized viruses. At 21–55 days postvaccination, single-dose mRNA and ChAdOx1 VE (95% confidence interval [CI]) was 74% (71%–76%) and 59% (53%–65%) against any infection and 86% (80%–90%) and 94% (85%–97%) against hospitalization, respectively. VE (95% CI) was similar against Alpha and Gamma infections for mRNA (80% [76%–84%] and 80% [75%–84%], respectively) and ChAdOx1 (69% [60%–76%] and 66% [56%–73%], respectively). mRNA VE was lower at 63% (95% CI, 56%–69%) against Delta but 85% (95% CI, 71%–92%) against Delta-associated hospitalization (nonestimable for ChAdOx1).

Conclusions
A single mRNA or ChAdOx1 vaccine dose gave important protection against SARS-CoV-2, including early variants of concern. ChAdOx1 VE was lower against infection, but 1 dose of either vaccine reduced the hospitalization risk by &gt;85% to at least 8 weeks postvaccination. Findings inform program options, including longer dosing intervals.
Species Paraphyly and Social Parasitism: Phylogenomics, Morphology, and Geography Clarify the Evolution of thePseudomyrmex elongatulusGroup (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), a Mesoamerican Ant Clade
Authors: Ward Philip S , Branstetter Michael G 
Published: January 2022

AbstractUsing genetic, morphological, and geographical evidence, we investigate the species-level taxonomy and evolutionary history of the Pseudomyrmex elongatulus group, a clade of ants distributed from southwestern United States to Costa Rica. Through targeted enrichment of 2,524 UCE (ultraconserved element) loci we generate a phylogenomic data set and clarify the phylogenetic relationships and biogeographic history of these ants. The crown group is estimated to have originated ~8 Ma, in Mexico and/or northern Central America, and subsequently expanded into southern Central America and the southwestern Nearctic. The P. elongatulus group contains a mix of low- and high-elevation species, and there were apparently multiple transitions between these habitat types. We uncover three examples of one species—of restricted or marginal geographical distribution—being embedded phylogenetically in another species, rendering the latter paraphyletic. One of these cases involves an apparent workerless social parasite that occurs sympatrically with its parent species, with the latter serving as host. This suggests a sympatric origin of the parasite species within the distribution range of its host. Species boundaries are tested using three molecular delimitation approaches (SODA, bPTP, BPP) but these methods generate inflated species estimates (26–46 species), evidently because of a failure to distinguish population structure from species differences. In a formal taxonomic revision of the P. elongatulus group, based on almost 3,000 specimens from ~625 localities, we allow for geographic variation within species and we employ distinctness-in-sympatry criteria for testing hypotheses about species limits. Under these guidelines we recognize 13 species, of which nine are new: P. arcanus, sp. nov. (western Mexico); P. capillatus, sp. nov. (western Mexico); P. cognatus, sp. nov. (Chiapas, Mexico to Nicaragua); P. comitator, sp. nov. (Chiapas, Mexico); P. ereptor, sp. nov. (Veracruz, Mexico); P. exoratus, sp. nov. (southeastern Mexico, Honduras); P. fasciatus, sp. nov. (Chiapas, Mexico to Costa Rica); P. nimbus, sp. nov. (Costa Rica); and P. veracruzensis, sp. nov. (Veracruz, Mexico). Our study highlights the value of combining phylogenomic, phenotypic, and geographical data to resolve taxonomic and evolutionary questions.