bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zur theorie-empirischen Rekonstruktion dispositiver Konstruktionen von Wirklichkeit
Authors: Egbert Simon 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungNachdem in den vorangegangenen Kapiteln auf sozialtheoretischer Ebene argumentiert, Diskurse als multimodale Topoi diskutiert und das Dispositiv als geeignetes Konzept für die Analyse ebendieser Multimodalität erörtert wurde, soll nun die Frage behandelt werden, wie sich diese Gedanken in eine theorie-empirische Dispositivanalyse des Drogentestens überführen lassen. Wie, mit anderen Worten, kann eine multimodale Dispositivanalyse methodologisch und methodisch umgesetzt werden?
Drogentests als Agenten mechanischer Objektivität
Authors: Egbert Simon 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungDas Arbeitsgericht Hamburg konstatiert am 01. September 2006 unter dem Aktenzeichen 27 Ca 136/06 im Rahmen eines Prozesses um die Rechtmäßigkeit von verdachtsunabhängigen Drogentests bei Mitarbeiter*innen eines Hafenterminalbetreibers, dass „(d)ie Teilnahme bzw. die Aufforderung zur Abgabe eines Urintests (…) geeignet (ist), festzustellen, ob ein Arbeitnehmer uneingeschränkt arbeitsfähig ist, oder nicht.“
Drogentests als Skopische Mediatoren
Authors: Egbert Simon 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungDrogentests fungieren nicht nur aufgrund der ihnen beigemessenen Materialität als Garanten für Beweiskraft, wie im vorangegangenen Kapitel diskutiert wurde. Es ist nämlich auch, wie im Folgenden zu zeigen sein wird, ihre typische Eigenschaft, ihre Ergebnisse auf visuellem Wege auszugeben und damit Drogenkonsum respektive Sicherheitsrisiken anzuzeigen, die ansonsten nicht sichtbar wären (vgl. Kap 4). Dies führt u. a. dazu, dass das ihm seitens der Anwender*innen und Befürworter*innen zugesprochene Vermögen, qua Sichtbarmachung evidente Ergebnisse zu erheben, verstärkt wird, was wiederum deren Objektivitätscharakter potenziert.
Über die Schließung epistemischer Lücken: Drogentesten als security chain
Authors: Egbert Simon 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungWie in den vorangegangenen Kapiteln deutlich wurde, ist Drogentesten eine genuin soziotechnische und damit unumgänglich multimodale diskursive Praxis, in dessen Rahmen sowohl die verwendeten Testartefakte als auch die beteiligten Anwender*innen wesentliche Praxisanteile bei der Herstellung eines drogenpositiven Ergebnisses besitzen. Drogentests fungieren als Diskursaktanten und zeigen im Rahmen ihrer Anwendung etwas an, was dem Menschen selbst unsichtbar ist. Umgekehrt müssen ihre Ergebnisse von den Anwender*innen noch deutlich interpretiert werden sowie mit Wissensbeständen und Narrativen aufgeladen werden, damit die gewünschte Information – existiert ein Sicherheitsrisiko? – schließlich vorliegt.
History and Development of Instructional Design and Technology
Authors: Molenda Michael H. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe origins and evolution of instructional technology and instructional design are treated in this chapter as separate concepts, although having intertwined histories. As with other technologies, their origins can be traced to the scientific discoveries on which they are based. Early in the twentieth century, new discoveries in optics and electricity stimulated educators to the adoption of technological innovations such as projected still pictures, motion pictures, and audio recording. Individuals and, later, groups of affiliated professionals promoted enriching learning by adding visual and, later, audiovisual resources where verbal presentations previously dominated. As radio broadcasting grew in the 1930s and then television in the 1950s, these mass media were perceived as ways to reach audiences, in and out of school, with educative audiovisual programs. In the 1960s, the wave of interest in teaching machines incorporating behaviorist psychological technology engendered a shift in identity from audiovisual technologies to all technologies, including psychological ones. As computers became ubiquitous in the 1990s, they became the dominant delivery system, due to their interactive capabilities. With the global spread of the World Wide Web after 1995, networked computers took on communication functions as well as storage and processing functions, giving new momentum to distance education. Meanwhile, research during and after World War II prompted a technology of planning – systems analysis. In the 1960s, educators adapted the systems approach to instructional planning, starting the development of instructional systems design (ISD). Since the 1980s, ISD has been the reigning paradigm for instructional design, while instructional design has become the central activity of instructional technology professionals.
Serious Games and Game-Based Learning
Authors: Schrader Claudia 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis chapter summarizes theory and empirical research concerned with the use of serious games and game-based learning in educational contexts. Relevant characteristics and theoretical foundations of the value of games are assessed. The reviewed empirical findings indicate a strong effect of serious games and game-based learning on learner motivation, affect, and cognitive outcomes. However, the direction of their impact is not always straightforward as it depends on the interplay of conditions including the game type, design features, learner characteristics, and learning activities. This chapter suggests that developers and educators take this interplay into account to ensure optimal learner experiences when developing or choosing serious games or game-based learning approaches for educational purposes.
Neutrino masses and magnetic moments of electron and muon in the Zee Model
Authors: Barman Rahool Kumar , Dcruz Ritu , Thapa Anil 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We explore parameter space in the Zee Model to resolve the long-standing tension of the electron and muon anomalous magnetic moment (AMM). The model comprises a second Higgs doublet and a charged singlet at electroweak scale and generates Majorana neutrino masses at one-loop level; the neutral partner of the SU(2)L doublet contributes to the AMM of electron and muon via one loop and two-loop corrections. We propose two minimal flavor structures that can explain these anomalies while fitting the neutrino oscillation data. We find that the neutral Higgs resides in the mass range of roughly 10–300 GeV or 1–30 GeV, depending on the flavor structures. The model is consistent with constraints from colliders, electroweak precision data, and lepton flavor violation. To be comprehensive, we examine the constraints from the electric dipole moment (EDM) and find a region of parameter space that gives a sizable contribution to muon EDM while simultaneously giving corrections to muon AMM. In addition to the light scalar, the two charged scalars with masses as low as 100 GeV can induce nonstandard neutrino interactions εee as large as 8%, potentially hinting at new physics. We also investigate the projected capability of future lepton colliders to probe the currently allowed parameter space consistent with both electron and muon AMMs via direct searches in the ℓ+ℓ− → ℓ+ℓ−(H → ℓ+ℓ−) channel.
Magnetic quivers for rank 2 theories
Authors: Bourget Antoine , Grimminger Julius F. , Martone Mario , Zafrir Gabi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this note we construct magnetic quivers for the known rank-2 four dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 superconformal field theories. For every rank-1 theory one can find a unitary magnetic quiver; we observe that this is no longer possible at rank 2. Our list of magnetic quivers necessarily includes orthosymplectic quivers, in addition to unitary ones, of both the simply and non simply laced variety. Using quiver subtraction, one can compute Higgs branch Hasse diagrams and compare with the results obtained via other methods finding nearly perfect agreement.
SALEM NUMBERS, SPECTRAL RADII AND GROWTH RATES OF HYPERBOLIC COXETER GROUPS
Authors: KELLERHALS R. , LIECHTI L. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe show that not every Salem number appears as the growth rate of a cocompact hyperbolic Coxeter group. We also give a new proof of the fact that the growth rates of planar hyperbolic Coxeter groups are spectral radii of Coxeter transformations, and show that this need not be the case for growth rates of hyperbolic tetrahedral Coxeter groups.
An AI ethics ‘David and Goliath’: value conflicts between large tech companies and their employees
Authors: Ryan Mark , Christodoulou Eleni , Antoniou Josephina , Iordanou Kalypso 
Published: March 2022

AbstractArtificial intelligence ethics requires a united approach from policymakers, AI companies, and individuals, in the development, deployment, and use of these technologies. However, sometimes discussions can become fragmented because of the different levels of governance (Schmitt in AI Ethics 1–12, 2021) or because of different values, stakeholders, and actors involved (Ryan and Stahl in J Inf Commun Ethics Soc 19:61–86, 2021). Recently, these conflicts became very visible, with such examples as the dismissal of AI ethics researcher Dr. Timnit Gebru from Google and the resignation of whistle-blower Frances Haugen from Facebook. Underpinning each debacle was a conflict between the organisation’s economic and business interests and the morals of their employees. This paper will examine tensions between the ethics of AI organisations and the values of their employees, by providing an exploration of the AI ethics literature in this area, and a qualitative analysis of three workshops with AI developers and practitioners. Common ethical and social tensions (such as power asymmetries, mistrust, societal risks, harms, and lack of transparency) will be discussed, along with proposals on how to avoid or reduce these conflicts in practice (e.g., building trust, fair allocation of responsibility, protecting employees’ autonomy, and encouraging ethical training and practice). Altogether, we suggest the following steps to help reduce ethical issues within AI organisations: improved and diverse ethics education and training within businesses; internal and external ethics auditing; the establishment of AI ethics ombudsmen, AI ethics review committees and an AI ethics watchdog; as well as access to trustworthy AI ethics whistle-blower organisations.
Multi-parametric speckle tracking analyses to characterize cardiac amyloidosis: a comparative study of systolic left ventricular longitudinal myocardial mechanics
Authors: Bogunovic Nikola , Farr Martin , Pirl Lukas , Piper Cornelia , Rudolph Volker , Roder Fabian 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCardiac amyloidosis (CAM), the most common cardiac storage disease is associated with significant changes in left-ventricular (LV) morphology and function. To gain particular insights into LV systolic longitudinal myocardial mechanics we investigated seven parameters derived by speckle-tracking-echocardiography (STE) in patients with confirmed CAM (n = 59). The results were compared with those of individuals with healthy heart (n = 150) and another primary myocardial disease with also thickened myocardium and severe diastolic and systolic LV-dysfunction (symptomatic LV-non-compaction-cardiomyopathy, LV-NC, n = 30). In addition to standard echocardiographical measures, the STE-derived data were evaluated and documented utilizing polar-diagrams to obtain overviews of longitudinal myocardial mechanics of the entire LV. Compared with healthy individuals, patients with CAM and LV-NC showed significantly reduced LV-ejection-fraction (EF), global longitudinal systolic peak-strain, strain-rate, and displacement. Pre-systolic stretch-index, post-systolic index, and the EF/global peak-longitudinal-strain-ratio (EF/S) were increased. In contrast to healthy-hearts and the LV-NC group only patients with CAM demonstrated significantly reduced time-to-peak systolic longitudinal strain and time-to-peak strain-rate. Although the level of the segmental values in longitudinal mechanics was significantly different between the groups, comparable intraventricular baso-apical parameter-gradients were found for systolic longitudinal peak-strain and strain-rate, pre-systolic-stretch-index, post-systolic-index, and peak systolic displacement. Compared to ATTR-amyloidosis (ATTR-CAM), patients with AL-amyloidosis (AL-CAM) demonstrated significantly lower end-diastolic and end-systolic LV-volumes, LV-mass-indices, relative apical strain, time-to-peak systolic longitudinal strain, and time-to-peak longitudinal strain-rate. CAM and LV-NC demonstrated altered myocardial mechanics with significantly different STE-derived echocardiographical parameters. ATTR-amyloidosis and AL-amyloidosis had at least significantly different time-to-peak strain, time-to-peak strain-rate and relative apical sparing values.
Reduction of torsional vibrations of drivetrains of machines and plants using impulsive torques and characterization of related energy transfer effects
Authors: Pumhössel Thomas 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe reduction of torsional vibrations of drivetrains of machines and plants is of considerable interest in various fields of engineering, as they can have a negative influence not only on the drivetrain itself, but also on the driven machinery. Hence, a variety of countermeasures were developed to minimize such vibrations. In the present contribution, the possibilities of reducing torsional vibrations of drivetrains by introducing impulsive torques are investigated. The impulsive strength is chosen in a way that fully elastic impacts of a point mass with a rigid wall are mimicked, i.e., energy is neither fed to nor extracted from the mechanical system by the impulses. It is shown that therewith a transfer of vibration energy to higher modes is possible, where it is dissipated more effectively utilizing the enhanced damping capabilities of higher modes. A modal damping amplification factor is introduced allowing to characterize the energy transfer based on a mapping of the state-vector from one instant of time where an impulse is applied, to the next. It is demonstrated with a numerical example that the damping amplification factor allows to analyze modal energy transfer effects in mechanical systems exhibited to impulsive torques in an efficient manner.
Eigenvalue problems for slice functions
Authors: Kraußhar Rolf Sören , Perotti Alessandro 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper addresses particular eigenvalue problems within the context of two quaternionic function theories. More precisely, we study two concrete classes of quaternionic eigenvalue problems, the first one for the slice derivative operator in the class of quaternionic slice-regular functions and the second one for the Cauchy–Riemann–Fueter operator in the class of axially monogenic functions. The two problems are related to each other by the four-dimensional Laplace operator and Fueter’s Theorem. As an application of a particular case of second order eigenvalue problems, we obtain a representation of axially monogenic solutions for time-harmonic Helmholtz and stationary Klein–Gordon equations.
Data-driven Bayesian inference of turbulence model closure coefficients incorporating epistemic uncertainty
Authors: Maruyama Daigo , Bekemeyer Philipp , Görtz Stefan , Coggon Simon , Sharma Sanjiv 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe introduce a framework for statistical inference of the closure coefficients using machine learning methods. The objective of this framework is to quantify the epistemic uncertainty associated with the closure model by using experimental data via Bayesian statistics. The framework is tailored towards cases for which a limited amount of experimental data is available. It consists of two components. First, by treating all latent variables (non-observed variables) in the model as stochastic variables, all sources of uncertainty of the probabilistic closure model are quantified by a fully Bayesian approach. The probabilistic model is defined to consist of the closure coefficients as parameters and other parameters incorporating noise. Then, the uncertainty associated with the closure coefficients is extracted from the overall uncertainty by considering the noise being zero. The overall uncertainty is rigorously evaluated by using Markov-Chain Monte Carlo sampling assisted by surrogate models. We apply the framework to the Spalart–Allmars one-equation turbulence model. Two test cases are considered, including an industrially relevant full aircraft model at transonic flow conditions, the Airbus XRF1. Eventually, we demonstrate that epistemic uncertainties in the closure coefficients result into uncertainties in flow quantities of interest which are prominent around, and downstream, of the shock occurring over the XRF1 wing. This data-driven approach could help to enhance the predictive capabilities of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in terms of reliable turbulence modeling at extremes of the flight envelope if measured data is available, which is important in the context of robust design and towards virtual aircraft certification. The plentiful amount of information about the uncertainties could also assist when it comes to estimating the influence of the measured data on the inferred model coefficients. Finally, the developed framework is flexible and can be applied to different test cases and to various turbulence models.
Insights into the ecology of Schizosaccharomyces species in natural and artificial habitats
Authors: Brysch-Herzberg Michael , Jia Guo-Song , Seidel Martin , Assali Imen , Du Li-Lin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe fission yeast genusSchizosaccharomycescontains important model organisms for biological research. In particular,S. pombeis a widely used model eukaryote. So far little is known about the natural and artificial habitats of species in this genus. Finding out whereS. pombeand other fission yeast species occur and how they live in their habitats can promote better understanding of their biology. Here we investigate in which substratesS. pombe,S. octosporus,S. osmophilusandS. japonicusare present. To this end about 2100 samples consisting of soil, tree sap fluxes, fresh fruit, dried fruit, honey, cacao beans, molasses and other substrates were analyzed. Effective isolation methods that allow efficient isolation of the above mentioned species were developed. Based on the frequency of isolating different fission yeast species in various substrates and on extensive literature survey, conclusions are drawn on their ecology. The results suggest that the primary habitat ofS. pombeandS. octosporusis honeybee honey. Both species were also frequently detected on certain dried fruit like raisins, mango or pineapple to which they could be brought by the honey bees during ripening or during drying. WhileS. pombewas regularly isolated from grape mash and from fermented raw cacao beansS. octosporuswas never isolated from fresh fruit. The main habitat ofS. osmophilusseems to be solitary bee beebread. It was rarely isolated from raisins.S. japonicuswas mainly found in forest substrates although it occurs on fruit and in fruit fermentations, too.
On Continuity of Accessible Functors
Authors: Tendas Giacomo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe prove that for each locally $$\alpha $$
α
-presentable category $${\mathcal {K}}$$
K
there exists a regular cardinal $$\gamma $$
γ
such that any $$\alpha $$
α
-accessible functor out of $${\mathcal {K}}$$
K
(into another locally $$\alpha $$
α
-presentable category) is continuous if and only if it preserves $$\gamma $$
γ
-small limits; as a consequence we obtain a new adjoint functor theorem specific to the $$\alpha $$
α
-accessible functors out of $${\mathcal {K}}$$
K
. Afterwards we generalize these results to the enriched setting and deduce, among other things, that a small $${\mathcal {V}}$$
V
-category is accessible if and only if it is Cauchy complete.
Stability, resonance and role of turbulent stresses in 1D alluvial flows
Authors: Colombini Marco 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLinear stability analysis is used to investigate the behavior of small perturbations of a uniform flow in a straight channel with an erodible bed composed by a unisize sediment. A shallow-water flow model is employed and bedload sediment transport is assumed. The mathematical structure of the linear problem, in terms of the eigenvalues and their associated eigenvectors is explored in detail and information is gathered on the wavespeed and growth rate of the perturbations as a function of their wavelength and of the relevant flow and sediment parameters. Several aspects of the solution are discussed, with particular focus on the behaviour in the transcritical region where the Froude number approaches unity. An approximate solution for the roots of the eigenrelationship is presented, which is not uniformly valid in the transcritical region, leading to the appearance of an unphysical instability. A regular perturbation expansion is then introduced that allows for the elimination of this singularity.
Training Syntax to Enhance Theory of Mind in Children with ASD
Authors: Durrleman Stephanie , Bentea Anamaria , Prisecaru Andreea , Thommen Evelyne , Delage Hélène 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPreschool children with neurotypical development (ND) trained on sentential complements (“X thinks/says that”) improve their Theory of Mind (ToM) performance. Can complementation training also enhance ToM in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)? Thirty-three children with ASD (Mage = 8;11) and 20 younger ND peers (Mage = 4;3) were trained on sentential complements (4–6 weeks, 2–3 times per week, via the DIRE i-Pad App). Pre-training and post-training comparisons show that (1) training boosted both complementation and ToM performance across groups; (2) improvements remained 4–6 weeks after training ended; (3) participants with milder ASD symptoms made most gains. Training on sentential complements thus seems beneficial for addressing ToM difficulties in children with ASD, especially those with milder symptoms.
Synthesis of [2+2] Schiff base macrocycles by a solvent templating strategy and halogen bonding directed assembly
Authors: Taylor Chloe M. , Kilah Nathan L. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSchiff base imine condensations are a useful tool for macrocycle synthesis and applications within supramolecular chemistry. Here we address the mixtures of products that can arise from template free synthesis using dicarbonylheterocycles and diamines, and look to develop metal-free template methods for selective macrocycle formation. A range of alkyl α,ω-diamines were combined with phenanthroline and pyridine heterocyclic dicarbaldehydes under standard literature conditions. The reaction conditions were modified to demonstrate a relationship between choice of solvent and product equilibria. It was observed that benzene and toluene could shift a mixture of products and unreacted starting materials to form predominantly one imine product for a number of systems. Once the macrocyclic products had been characterized in selected solvents, iodinated halogen bonding guest molecules were added to direct macrocycle assemblies using non-covalent interactions. Studies to investigate host – guest suitability and halogen bond interactions were conducted, and it was found that tetraiodoethylene had an influence on the formation of a phenanthroline based macrocycle. Proof of concept experiments were performed to show the influence of the guest molecule, tetraiodoethylene, on the macrocyclic products formed under competitive dynamic combinatorial chemistry conditions.