bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Randomized Trial of Individualized Texting for Adherence Building (iTAB) Plus Motivational Interviewing for PrEP Adherence in Transgender Individuals: The iM-PrEPT Study
Authors: Morris Sheldon R. , Jain Sonia , Blumenthal Jill , Bolan Robert , Dubé Michael P. , Henderson Philip , Corado Katya , Sun Shelly , He Feng , Chow Karen , Burke Leah , Anderson Peter L. , Moore David J. 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Transgender and nonbinary individuals at risk for HIV may benefit from adherence support for pre-exposure prophylaxis.

Methods:
Between June 2017 and September 2020, 255 transgender and nonbinary individuals received daily oral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine for 48 weeks randomized 1:1 to receive individualized Texting for Adherence Building (iTAB) or iTAB plus motivational interviewing (iTAB + MI) through phone for nonadherence. The primary end point was dried blood spot tenofovir diphosphate concentrations at weeks 12 and 48 (or last on-drug study visit) ≥1246 fmol/punch consistent with ≥7 doses/week (ie, near-perfect adherence). Secondary outcomes included dried blood spot tenofovir diphosphate concentrations ≥719 fmol/punch consistent with ≥4 doses/week (ie, adequate adherence) and self-reported adherence by daily text messages.

Results:
Adherence for the outcome ≥1246 fmol/punch and ≥719 fmol/punch, respectively, was 49.1% and 57.9% for transgender men, 37.7% and 47.2% for nonbinary individuals, and 31.0% and 44.1% for transgender women. No difference was seen in iTAB + MI compared with iTAB alone by drug levels except where it approached significance in transgender women for the outcome of ≥719 fmol/punch in the iTAB + MI group compared with iTAB only (52% versus 35.7%, P = 0.065). There was a significant difference in self-reported daily dose adherence in the iTAB + MI group compared with iTAB alone (57.9% of days versus 46.4%, P = 0.009). In transgender women, the mean percentage of daily doses taken was 58.5% with iTAB + MI and 37.3% with iTAB alone (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
In addition to automated approaches to adherence promotion, phone-based MI triggered by repeatedly missing doses may improve pre-exposure prophylaxis adherence among transgender women.
Life Expectancy Among People With HIV in New York City, 2009–2018
Authors: Xia Qiang , Maduro Gil A. , Li Wenhui , Huynh Mary , Torian Lucia V. 
Published: September 2022

Objective:
To conduct a population-based analysis and compare life expectancy between people with HIV and the general population in New York City (NYC).

Methods:
We obtained the annual total number and age, sex, and race/ethnicity distributions of people with HIV from the NYC HIV registry and generated comparable numbers for the NYC general population from the Census 2000 and 2010 data using linear interpolation.

Results:
Life expectancy at age 20 among people with HIV increased from 38.5 years [95% confidence interval (CI): 37.4 to 39.5] in 2009 to 50.6 (95% CI: 48.5 to 52.7) in 2018, whereas it increased from 62.0 years (95% CI: 61.8 to 62.1) to 63.6 (95% CI: 63.5 to 63.7) among the NYC general population. The gap between the 2 populations narrowed from 23.5 years (95% CI: 22.4 to 24.6) in 2009 to 13.0 (95% CI: 10.9 to 15.1) in 2018. By sex and race/ethnicity, life expectancy at age 20 among people with HIV increased from 36.7 years in 2009 to 47.9 in 2018 among Black men; 37.5 to 50.5 years among Black women; 38.6 to 48.9 years among Hispanic men; 46.0 to 51.0 years among Hispanic women; 44.7 to 59.7 years among White men; and 38.0 years in 2009–2013 to 50.4 years in 2014–2018 among White women.

Conclusions:
Life expectancy among people with HIV improved greatly in NYC in 2009–2018, but the improvement was not equal across sex and racial/ethnic groups. The gap in life expectancy between people with HIV and the general population narrowed but remained.
Communication, an important link between healthcare providers: a best practice implementation project
Authors: Ifrim Raluca Alexandra , Klugarová Jitka , Măguriță Daniela , Zazu Mariana , Mazilu Doina Carmen , Klugar Miloslav 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
This project aimed to improve communication skills of medical laboratory staff and the quality of health services.

Introduction:
Communication is the basis of all interpersonal actions; optimal and efficient communication needs permanent awareness and training in order to learn these skills. The healthcare industry is a constantly changing field, so communication becomes a very important tool that contributes to change.

Methods:
This project has been conducted following the JBI framework to improve the communication process in a medical laboratory. A baseline audit involved 30 multidisciplinary healthcare providers (HCP). Using audit criteria provided by JBI, data for clinical audits were collected using a completed audit questionnaire based on direct observation and interview of participants, and checking the records. Once the information had been gathered, the team involved in the project implemented a three sessions workshop focused on communication to solve/improve identified barriers. A follow-up audit was conducted to assess the outcomes of the intervention.

Results:
The implementation of the project resulted in the evolution of the participants and the cohesion of the healthcare team. The baseline compliance with best practice for audit criteria shows that only a part of those involved in the study benefited from training communication. Lack of time for team briefings and interactions led to different points of view. In the pandemic context, the implementation of the communication improvement strategy was conducted online, with all 30 HCP participating in training sessions. After the follow-up audit, the evolution was demonstrated by the improvement of the HCP compliance compared with the two audit criteria identified with the insufficient compliance in the basic audit.

Conclusion:
Effective communication is a necessity to meet patient needs and to provide high-quality services. The healthcare team received training for communication focused on interpersonal communication.
Enhancing the evidence-based healthcare principles in clinical practice guidelines development in the Czech Republic: a best practice implementation project
Authors: Vrbová Tereza , Klugarová Jitka , Pokorná Andrea , Dušek Ladislav , Líčeník Radim , Klugar Miloslav 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
The main aim of this project was to enhance compliance with the best available evidence in clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) development based on evidence-based healthcare (EBHC) and GRADE (grading of recommendations, assessment, development and evaluation) principles in healthcare professionals and healthcare providers.

Introduction:
In various healthcare fields, the quality of care provided in different healthcare settings may vary. Guidelines following the EBHC principles should help make the right decisions in healthcare by providing the best healthcare option and be available for all patients. The perspectives of all engaged stakeholders should be respected, however. Within the Czech Republic, there had been no standardized process of CPG development.

Methods:
A baseline audit was conducted to demonstrate the status quo of the EBHC in the Czech Republic, which identified several barriers. Consequently, strategies (educational activities, methodological guidelines) to overcome the barriers were suggested and implemented. Two more audits followed (November 2017, November 2020).

Results:
The baseline audit results showed no or very low compliance to the best available evidence in CPG development. After the implementation, an increased compliance in all audit criteria (national methodology guidelines, trustworthy CPGs, experienced methodologists, clinical summaries) has been reported. The project has helped to establish procedures of CPGs development, enhanced knowledge and skills on EBHC in healthcare professionals, and ignited patients’ involvement in CPG development.

Conclusions:
The implementation project showed an increasing number of national methodology guidelines, CPGs being developed using EBHC and GRADE principles and HC professionals educated in EBHC. A national center for CPGs development within the Ministry of Health is being planned to sustain the project achievements.
The National COVID-19 Epi Model (NCEM): Estimating cases, admissions and deaths in South Africa
Authors: Silal Sheetal Prakash , Pulliam Juliet R.C. , Meyer-Rath Gesine , Jamieson Lise , Nichols Brooke E , Norman Jared , Hounsell Rachel , Mayet Saadiyah , Kagoro Frank , Moultrie Harry 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn March 2020 the South African COVID-19 Modelling Consortium was formed to support government planning for COVID-19 cases and related healthcare. Models were developed jointly by local disease modelling groups to estimate cases, resource needs and deaths due to COVID-19.MethodsThe National COVID-19 Epi Model (NCEM) while initially developed as a deterministic compartmental model of SARS-Cov-2 transmission in the nine provinces of South Africa, was adapted several times over the course of the first wave of infection in response to emerging local data and changing needs of government. By the end of the first wave, the NCEM had developed into a stochastic, spatially-explicit compartmental transmission model to estimate the total and reported incidence of COVID-19 across the 52 districts of South Africa. The model adopted a generalised Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Removed structure that accounted for the clinical profile of SARS-COV-2 (asymptomatic, mild, severe and critical cases) and avenues of treatment access (outpatient, and hospitalisation in non-ICU and ICU wards).ResultsBetween end-March and early September 2020, the model was updated several times to generate new sets of projections and scenario analyses to be shared with planners in the national and provincial Departments of Health, the National Treasury and other partners in a variety of formats such as presentations, reports and dashboards. Updates to model structure included finer spatial granularity, limited access to treatment, and the inclusion of behavioural heterogeneity in relation to the adoption of Public Health and Social Measures. These updates were made in response to local data and knowledge and the changing needs of the planners.ConclusionsThe NCEM attempted to incorporate a high level of local data to contextualise the model appropriately to address South Africa’s population and health system characteristics. Origin and contextualisation of data and understanding of the population’s interaction with the health system played a vital role in producing and updating estimates of resource needs, demonstrating the importance of harnessing and developing local modelling capacity.
Automatic approach-avoidance tendency toward physical activity, sedentary, and neutral stimuli as a function of age, explicit affective attitude, and intention to be active
Authors: Farajzadeh Ata , Goubran Miriam , Beehler Alexa , Cherkaoui Noura , Morrison Paula , de Chanaleilles Margaux , Maltagliati Silvio , Cheval Boris , Miller Matthew W. , Sheehy Lisa , Bilodeau Martin , Orsholits Dan , Boisgontier Matthieu P. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractUsing computerized reaction-time tasks assessing automatic attitudes, studies have shown that healthy young adults have faster reaction times when approaching physical activity stimuli than when avoiding them. The opposite has been observed for sedentary stimuli. However, it is unclear whether these results hold across the lifespan and when error rates and a possible generic approach-avoidance tendency are accounted for. Here, reaction times and errors in online approach-avoidance tasks of 130 participants aged 21 to 77 years were analyzed using mixed-effects models. Automatic approach-avoidance tendencies were tested using physical activity, sedentary, and neutral stimuli. Explicit attitudes toward physical activity and intention to be physically active were self-reported. Results accounting for age, sex, gender, level of physical activity, body mass index, and chronic health condition confirmed a main tendency to approach physical activity stimuli (i.e., faster reaction to approach vs. avoid; p = .001) and to avoid sedentary stimuli (i.e., faster reaction to avoid vs. approach; p < .001). Results based on neutral stimuli revealed a generic approach tendency in early adulthood (i.e., faster approach before age 53 and fewer errors before age 36) and a generic avoidance tendency in older adults (i.e., more errors after age 60). When accounting for these generic tendencies, results showed a greater tendency (i.e., fewer errors) to avoid than approach sedentary stimuli after aged 50, but not before (p = .026). Exploratory analyses showed that, irrespective of age, participants were faster at approaching physical activity (p = .028) and avoiding sedentary stimuli (p = .041) when they considered physical activity as pleasant and enjoyable (explicit attitude). However, results showed no evidence of an association between approach-avoidance tendencies and the intention to be physically active. Taken together, these results suggest that both age and explicit attitudes can affect the general tendency to approach physical activity stimuli and to avoid sedentary stimuli.
Early Warning of Atrial Fibrillation Using Deep Learning
Authors: Gavidia Marino , Zhu Hongling , Montanari Arthur N. , Fuentes Jesús , Cheng Cheng , Dubner Sergio , Chames Martin , Maison-Blanche Pierre , Rahman Md Moklesur , Sassi Roberto , Badilini Fabio , Jiang Yinuo , Zhang Shengjun , Zhang Hai-Tao , Du Hao , Teng Basi , Yuan Ye , Wan Guohua , Tang Zhouping , He Xin , Yang Xiaoyun , Goncalves Jorge 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAtrial Fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac rhythm disorder. It is associated with increased hospitalization, risk of heart failure, and risk of stroke. Once on AF, it can sometimes be difficult to revert to sinus rhythm (SR), potentially requiring pharmacological or electrical cardioversion. Earlier warning of an imminent switch from SR to AF, even if by only a few minutes, could prompt patients to take actions (e.g., taking oral antiarrhythmic drugs) to avoid AF and its associated complications, thereby easing the workload and costs to the health system. The question is whether there is information, even if subtle, in the minutes prior to AF to indicate an imminent switch from SR. This paper shows that, for the vast majority of patients, the answer is affirmative. We propose a deep-learning model that predicts the onset of AF on average 30.8 minutes before it appears, with an accuracy of 83% and an F1-score of 85% on the test data. Moreover, this performance was obtained from R-to-R interval signals, which can be obtained from common wearable devices such as smartwatches and smart bands. The predictions were performed using a deep convolutional neural network, trained and cross-validated on 24-hour data obtained from Holter electrocardiogram recordings of 280 patients, with an additional 70 patients used as test data. We further tested the model with data from two other external centers with 33 patients. Overall, the proposed method has low computational time and could be embedded in smartphones connected to wearable devices that capture RRI for continuous heart monitoring and early warning of AF onset.
Cutaneous tactile sensation and standing balance in children with autism: A Preliminary Report
Authors: Kukkar Komal , Parikh Pranav J. , Fen-Kao Chyung , Mohapatra Sambit 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDAutistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) presents with a multitude of problems such as physical, social, emotional, psychological, etc. Most common physical problems are impairments in standing balance and posture. It is unknown whether these impairments have any association between tactile sensation or are purely due to deficits in sensory processing and integration. We hypothesized that foot tactile sensation in ASD is positively correlated to performance in standing balance as measured by Pediatric Balance scale.METHODSThe data collected at Heartshare Human Services of New York was used for secondary analysis. It consisted of 12 participants and included: 1. Muscle and joint ROM testing to rule out any muscle involvement in balance problems. 2. Tactile sensation testing at four sites on sole of foot bilaterally using Semmes Weinstein monofilament. 3. Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS) for balance testing.RESULTSWe found significant positive correlation between cutaneous tactile sensation (SWF) and Pediatric Balance scale (PBS) measures in our participants i.e., reduced tactile sensation was moderately associated with impaired balance score.CONCLUSIONSWe propose that during conventional clinical assessment for individuals with ASD, foot tactile sensation should not be overlooked, and included as a part of somato-sensory assessment. In addition, enhancing foot tactile sensation could also be used for targeted interventions to improve balance in children with ASD.
Age-related loss of the Y chromosome is associated with sex hormone binding globulin and selected drivers of clonal hematopoiesis
Authors: Dawoud Ahmed A.Z. , Tapper William J , Cross Nicholas C.P. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMosaic loss of the Y-chromosome (LOY) is the most common somatic alteration in men. We aimed to assess the relationship between LOY and serum biomarkers in UK Biobank and explore the interaction with constitutional and somatic genetics. LOY was strongly associated with levels of sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG, β=0.12, PFDR= P = 7.44×10−36, adjusted for age, age squared, gender, smoking status, smoking intensity and principal genetic components), a key regulator of testosterone bioavailability associated with diverse disorders including cancer and autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, LOY was associated with total testosterone (TT, β=0.09, PFDR=2.23 × 10−20), but not bioavailable testosterone (PFDR=0.46) or free testosterone (PFDR=0.75). These relationships remained significant after sensitivity analysis that included comorbidities and body mass index (SHBG, β = 0.08, PFDR = 4.61×10−21; TT, β = 0.05, PFDR = 4.13 × 10−9). Mendelian randomisation suggested a causal effect of SHBG on LOY in BioBank Japan (P=6.58×10−4) but there was no evidence for an effect of LOY on SHBG (P=0.46). Assessment of cis-eQTLs for 13 genes associated with LOY identified two SNPs that were also associated with levels of SHBG, however only rs7141210 (imprinted DLK1-MEG3 locus) modified the relationship between SHBG and LOY (rs7141210-T/T; Pinteraction=0.04) with low levels of SHBG seen specifically in men without LOY (β=-0.02, P=0.001), but not those with LOY (P=0.41). Age-related clonal hematopoiesis (CH) defined by somatic driver mutations was not associated with sex hormone levels but was associated with LOY at clonal fractions >30% (OR=1.52, P=2.92×10−4). TET2, TP53, and CBL mutations were enriched in high level LOY cases, but not DNMT3A or ASXL1. Our findings thus identify independent relationships between LOY, sex hormones and CH.
Wastewater Surveillance for Monkeypox Virus in Nine California Communities
Authors: Wolfe Marlene K. , Yu Alexander T. , Duong Dorothea , Rane Madhura S. , Hughes Bridgette , Chan-Herur Vikram , Donnelly Marisa , Chai Shua , White Bradley J. , Vugia Duc J. , Boehm Alexandria B. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundWastewater represents a composite biological sample from the entire contributing population. People infected with monkeypox virus (MPXV)1 may excrete viral DNA into wastewater via multiple ways such as in feces, urine, skin lesions, and/or saliva. We describe results from rapid establishment of wastewater surveillance in selected regions in California within a month of the first reported case of monkeypox in the United States.MethodsPCR assays targeting genomic DNA from MPXV were deployed in an ongoing wastewater surveillance program in California. MPXV DNA concentrations were measured daily in settled solids samples from nine wastewater plants. Results over a four-week period were validated across different MPXV assays, compared using influent and solids samples, and correlated using non-parametric methods (Kendall’s tau) with the number of monkeypox cases reported from each sewershed.ResultsMPXV DNA was detected at all nine sites between June 19 and August 1, 2022; 5 of 9 sites detected MPXV DNA prior to or within a day of the first case identified in the source sewershed. At the four sites with >10 positive detections, we observed a positive, statistically significant correlation (p <0.001) between MPXV DNA in wastewater solids and incidence rate of reported cases.ConclusionsOur findings suggest wastewater can be used to effectively detect the introduction of MPXV and monitor its circulation in the community to inform public health and clinical response. This flexible wastewater surveillance infrastructure may be rapidly leveraged to monitor other pathogens of public health importance that are shed into wastewater.
Selective whole-genome amplification reveals population genetics ofLeishmania braziliensisdirectly from patient skin biopsies
Authors: Pilling Olivia A. , Grace Cooper A. , Reis-Cunha João L. , Berry Alexander S. F. , Mitchell Matthew W. , Yu Jane A. , Malekshahi Clara , Krespan Elise , Go Christina K. , Lombana Cláudia , Song Yun S. , Amorim Camila F. , Lago Alexsandro S. , Carvalho Lucas P. , Carvalho Edgar M. , Brisson Dustin , Scott Phillip , Jeffares Daniel C. , Beiting Daniel P. 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTIn Brazil,Leishmania braziliensisis the main causative agent of the neglected tropical disease, cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). CL presents on a spectrum of disease severity with a high rate of treatment failure. Yet the parasite factors that contribute to disease presentation and treatment outcome are not well understood, in part because successfully isolating and culturing parasites from patient lesions remains a major technical challenge. Here we describe the development of selective whole genome amplification (SWGA) forLeishmaniaand show that this method enables culture-independent analysis of parasite genomes obtained directly from primary patient skin samples, allowing us to circumvent artifacts associated with adaptation to culture. We show that SWGA can be applied to multipleLeishmaniaspecies residing in different host species, suggesting that this method is broadly useful in both experimental infection models and clinical studies. SWGA carried out directly on skin biopsies collected from patients in Corte de Pedra, Bahia, Brazil, showed extensive genomic diversity. Finally, as a proof-of-concept, we demonstrated that SWGA data can be integrated with published whole genome data from cultured parasite isolates to identify variants unique to specific geographic regions in Brazil where treatment failure rates are known to be high. SWGA provides a relatively simple method to generateLeishmaniagenomes directly from patient samples, unlocking the potential to link parasite genetics with host clinical phenotypes.AUTHOR SUMMARYLeishmania braziliensisis the main cause of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Brazil. Due to limitations in culturing, it is important to study the parasite in a culture-independent manner. We use selective whole genome amplification (SWGA) to explore parasite genomic diversity directly from patient biopsies. This method is inexpensive and can be broadly used to generate parasite genome sequence data sampled from differentLeishmaniaspecies infecting different mammalian hosts. We found high diversity among theL. braziliensisgenomes from Bahia, Brazil, which correlated with geographic location. By integrating these data with publicly available genome sequences from other studies spanning four countries in South America, we identified variants unique to Northeast Brazil that may be linked to high regional rates of treatment failure.