bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ELISA‐based evaluation of antibody response to Leishmania in a region endemic for cutaneous leishmaniasis
Authors: Piyasiri Sachee Bhanu , Samaranayake Thisum Nilakshi , Silva Hermali , Manamperi Nuwani Harshamali , Karunaweera Nadira Darshani 
Published: July 2022

AbstractLeishmaniasis includes several clinical forms. While routine diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is by microscopy, an antibody response to CL has been reported in several recent studies. This study evaluated anti‐leishmanial immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody responses as a biomarker of active leishmaniasis and a measure of exposure to Leishmania. Sera from 50 untreated CL patients, 140 patients under treatment and 280 healthy individuals residing in endemic regions collected as part of an epidemiological survey, was analysed with an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay established in‐house using receiver operator characteristic curve at optimized cut‐off value. The assay showed high performance as a diagnostic tool in identifying exposure in endemic individuals (sensitivity: 98%, specificity: 90.3%). All patients showed lower antibody levels over time since onset of lesion/s. Antibody levels were higher (p ˂ .01) and persisted for a longer period in untreated patients. In patients under treatment, the level of anti‐IgG antibodies was negatively correlated with the total duration the patient had been on treatment. The anti‐leishmanial IgG response in Leishmania donovani‐induced CL is transient and is unlikely to confer protective immunity. Optimized serological assays may be useful in endemic settings for diagnosis and monitoring the treatment response in CL.
Phylogenetics and evolution of wheat streak mosaic virus: Its global origin and the source of the Australian epidemic
Authors: Jones Roger A. C. , Vazquez‐Iglesias Ines , Hajizadeh Mohammad , McGreig Samuel , Fox Adrian , Gibbs Adrian J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWheat streak mosaic tritimovirus (WSMV) seriously damages wheat worldwide. We report analyses of new complete ORF (CO) sequences from seven Australian isolates with 56 COs and 128 coat protein (CP) genes sequenced previously. Eleven CO and three CP sequences were recombinants so were removed from our analyses. Patristic distances of maximum‐likelihood phylogenies of nonrecombinant (n‐rec) CO sequences and their CP sequences were closely correlated (R = 0.994, p ≤ 0.00001). The phylogeny of all 188 n‐rec CP genes had four well‐supported phylogroups (I–IV): phylogroup I (one Mexican sequence), phylogroup II (six Iranian sequences), phylogroup III (48 sequences) and phylogroup IV (133 sequences), each with basal Iranian sequences and either mostly European (phylogroup III) or mostly American (phylogroup IV) terminal sequences. Australian and South American sequences formed a phylogroup IV subcluster within a Pacific Northwest USA cluster. Unlike the Iranian, South American and European populations, the North American and Australian populations demonstrated recent population imbalance. Sample collection dates of 40 CO sequences are known, allowing WSMV phylogeny dating by RTDT methodology. The most recent WSMV ancestor was dated at 1456 CE, and the Australian cluster at 1998.7 CE, only 2–3 years before WSMV was first reported. Tritimoviruses originated in central Eurasia, WSMV first entering wheat in its Middle East domestication centre and one basal lineage being taken to Mexico after the Spanish conquest, whereas the other most basal lineage spread throughout Iran, before spreading to other world regions. Probable future spread to other world regions of additional WSMV phylogroups, and of interphylogroup recombinants, constitutes a biosecurity concern.
Sandstone body character and river planform styles of the lower Eocene Willwood Formation, Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, USA
Authors: Wang Youwei , Baars Timothy F. , Sahoo Hiranya , Storms Joep E. A. , Martinius Allard W. , Gingerich Philip , Abels Hemmo A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe lower Eocene Willwood Formation of the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, USA, is an alluvial succession with a sand content varying around 25%. It has been studied intensively for palaeontology, palaeoenvironments and palaeoclimates, as well as sedimentological and stratigraphic analysis. Channel dynamics were studied at a relatively low resolution throughout the basin over the geological time from late Palaeocene to early Eocene. Here, a high‐resolution study is reported to complement previous research at the basin scale. Efforts are made to document the characteristics and river planform styles of most sandstone bodies encountered through ca 300 m of alluvial stratigraphy in a 10 km2 area of the Deer Creek part of the McCullough Peaks area situated in the basin axis of northern Bighorn Basin. Four channel facies associations are recognized and ascribed to four river planform styles: crevasse channel, trunk channel, braided‐like channel and sinuous‐like channel, with the latter two types dominant. Braided‐like and sinuous‐like channel sandstone bodies differ significantly in thicknesses, being on average 6.1 m versus 9.0 m, but they have similar palaeoflow–perpendicular widths of on average 231 m and palaeoflow directions of on average N 003°. Braided‐like and sinuous‐like river planform styles show no spatial dependency in the 10 km2 study area. Results of this study are in line with existing basin‐scale depositional models that are composed of a single axial system fed by several transverse systems dominantly from the west. The feeding of these systems could be influenced by palaeoclimate changes possibly controlling their contribution over time, thereby impacting river planform styles. At the same time, changing water discharge hydrograph, sediment load and overbank cohesiveness may have equally driven the observed river planform style changes within the basin without a major role of catchments.
We don't remember the O‐Platz protest camp for the sake of it. Collective memories and visibility of migrant activism in Berlin
Authors: Perolini Marco 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe activists opposing border regimes in Berlin still vividly remember the migrant protest camp on Oranienplatz (O‐Platz), a square in the neighborhood of Kreuzberg, a decade after its establishment in 2012. For them, the protest camp is the ideal type of mobilization against border regimes; the opportunity for racialized migrants to engage in politics and formulate grievances based on their own experiences of border regimes. O‐Platz is remembered as a visible migrant grassroots protest in the backdrop of a history of invisibility of migrant struggles in Germany. In contrast, activists frame their mobilization after O‐Platz as invisible and fragmented, despite the emergence of new networks and alliances, which, however, are not led by migrant activists. Collective memory bridges different movement phases and emphasizes the importance of visibility achieved by collective action centered around the experiences of subaltern groups, specifically racialized migrants with precarious legal status. I argue that memory work is crucial for countering the invisibility and erasure of grassroots migrant struggles in Germany. Memory work has an aspirational function as it transforms characteristics of past mobilization into aspirations for the present, especially in a phase where new players emerge, and the role of grassroots migrant activism seems fading.
Implementation of national blood conservation recommendations at an adult sickle cell center
Authors: Jones Jennifer M. , Swett Ariel D. , Crowe Elizabeth P. , Lawrence Courtney , Bloch Evan M. , Lanzkron Sophie M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundDue to the national blood supply crisis caused by the COVID‐19 pandemic, the American Society of Hematology proposed guidance to decrease blood utilization for sickle cell patients on chronic transfusion therapy (CTT). Little evidence exists to support the efficacy and safety of these blood conservation strategies.Study Design and MethodsThrough retrospective analysis, we sought to describe outcomes following implementation of these recommendations in 58 adult sickle cell patients on chronic exchange transfusions. The strategies employed included: relaxing the goal fraction of cells remaining (FCR) to 30%–50%, utilizing depletion exchanges in select patients, and transitioning select patients to monthly simple transfusions. We compared hemoglobin S%, hemoglobin values, and other laboratory parameters, acute care visits, and red blood cell usage during the first year of the COVID‐19 pandemic to the year prior using Wilcoxon signed rank test.ResultsOf 53 patients who remained on chronic exchanges during the pandemic, use of depletion exchange increased (15%–23%) and FCR increased (34.9 [SD 4.7] vs. 37.6 [SD 4.5], p < .05). These changes resulted in 854 units conserved without clinically significant changes to pre‐exchange laboratory parameters, including hemoglobin S%, or number of acute care presentations. In contrast, five patients who transitioned to predominantly simple transfusions, experienced difficulty maintaining hemoglobin S% less than 30 and worsening anemia.DiscussionOur data suggest that in a blood shortage crisis, optimizing the exchange procedure itself may be the safest means of conserving blood in a population of adult patients with sickle cell disease.
Endothelial Responses to Curvature-Induced Flow Patterns in Engineered Cerebral Aneurysms
Authors: Mandrycky Christian J. , Abel Ashley N. , Levy Samuel , Marsh Laurel M. , Chassagne Fanette , Chivukula Venkat K. , Barczay Sari E. , Kelly Cory M. , Kim Louis J. , Aliseda Alberto , Levitt Michael R. , Zheng Ying 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Hemodynamic factors have long been associated with clinical outcomes in the treatment of cerebral aneurysms. Computational studies of cerebral aneurysm hemodynamics have provided valuable estimates of the mechanical environment experienced by the endothelium in both the parent vessel and aneurysmal dome walls and have correlated them with disease state. These computational-clinical studies have recently been correlated with the response of endothelial cells (EC) using either idealized or patient-specific models. Here, we present a robust workflow for generating anatomic-scale aneurysm models, establishing luminal cultures of ECs at physiological relevant flow profiles, and comparing EC responses to curvature mediated flow. We show that flow patterns induced by parent vessel curvature produce changes in wall shear stress (WSS) and wall shear stress gradients (WSSG) that are correlated with differences in cell morphology and cellular protein localization. Cells in higher WSS regions align better with the flow and display strong Notch1-extracellular domain (ECD) polarization, while, under low WSS, differences in WSSG due to curvature change were associated with less alignment and attenuation of Notch1-ECD polarization in ECs of the corresponding regions. These proof-of-concept results highlight the use of engineered cellularized aneurysm models for connecting computational fluid dynamics to the underlying endothelial biology that mediates disease.
Influences of Partial Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury on Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tensional Force and Kinematic Stability During Walking
Authors: Koo Young-Jun , Seon Jong Keun , Lee Giuk , Koo Seungbum 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Injuries in the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), including partial tear and lengthening of the ACL, change the dynamic function of the knee. However, there is a lack of information on the effect of ACL partial tear on knee kinematics during walking. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different levels of ACL injuries on knee stability and ACL tensional force to identify the critical injury level. Motion data of five normal subjects were acquired along with the ground reaction force. A knee model with 14 ligaments was developed using cadaveric specimen data. The initial length and stiffness of the ACL were changed to develop ACL-injured knee models. Musculoskeletal simulations of the knee models were performed using the measured gait data. The average tibial anterior translation increased significantly by 2.6 ± 0.7 mm when the ACL stiffness decreased to 25% of its original stiffness. The average tibial anterior translation increased significantly by 2.6 ± 0.3 mm at an increase in initial length of 10%. The knee with partial ACL tear had a nonlinear decrease in ACL forces owing to the increase in the level of ACL injury, while the knee with ACL lengthening had linear decreased ACL forces. The partial tear of the ACL caused translational instability, while the complete tear caused both rotational and translational instabilities during the musculoskeletal walking simulation. This study presents the effects of partial ACL injuries on joint kinematics and ACL tensional force during the dynamic motion of walking.
Probing the Influence of Hybrid Thread Design on Biomechanical Response of Dental Implants: Finite Element Study and Experimental Validation
Authors: Chakraborty Arindam , Sahare Kalash Darshan , Datta Pallab , Majumder Santanu , Roychowdhury Amit , Basu Bikramjit 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This study aimed to perform quantitative biomechanical analysis for probing the effect of varying thread shapes in an implant for improved primary stability in prosthodontics surgery. Dental implants were designed with square (SQR), buttress (BUT), and triangular (TRI) thread shapes or their combinations. Cone-beam computed tomography images of mandible molar zones in human subjects belonging to three age groups were used for virtual implantation of the designed implants, to quantify patient-specific peri-implant bone microstrain, using finite element analyses. The in silico analyses were carried out considering frictional contact to simulate immediate loading with a static masticatory force of 200 N. To validate computational biomechanics results, compression tests were performed on three-dimensional printed implants having the investigated thread architectures. Bone/implant contact areas were also quantitatively assessed. It was observed that, bone/implant contact was maximum for SQR implants followed by BUT and TRI implants. For all the cases, peak microstrain was recorded in the cervical cortical bone. The combination of different thread shapes in the middle or in the apical part (or both) was demonstrated to improve peri-implant microstrain, particularly for BUT and TRI. Considering 1500–2000 microstrain generates in the peri-implant bone during regular physiological functioning, BUT-SQR, BUT-TRI-SQR, TRI-SQR-BUT, SQR, and SQR-BUT-TRI design concepts were suitable for younger; BUT-TRI-SQR, BUT-SQR-TRI, TRI-SQR-BUT, SQR-BUT, SQR-TRI for middle-aged, and BUT-TRI-SQR, BUT-SQR-TRI, TRI-BUT-SQR, SQR, and SQR-TRI for the older group of human patients.
A Novel Low-Cost Three-Dimensional Printed Brace Design Method for Early Onset Scoliosis
Authors: Li Hongwei , Yang Zhangkai , Li Dichen , Qiao Feng 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Early onset scoliosis (EOS) is a type of spine deformity that presents before 10 years of age. The biomechanical properties in scoliosis have been found to be different, especially in the case of the concave and convex paravertebral muscles. Based on this fact, a novel three-dimensional (3D) printed patient-specific asymmetric stiffness brace design method is proposed in this paper, aiming to provide asymmetric stiffness to match “imbalanced” biomechanical properties of the concave and convex paravertebral muscles, respectively, and treat EOS by applying the block-structure brace. A 3D computer aided design draft model of the brace contour was implemented from 3D scanning. The asymmetric stiffness block-structure brace was designed in Rhinoceros and the finite element (FE) model was imported into abaqus. FE simulation was employed to study the mechanical characteristics of the brace, which provided a quantitative index for the imbalanced property of brace stiffness. The results of the FE simulation showed that the stiffnesses of the concave and convex sides were 145.88 N/mm and 35.95 N/mm, respectively. The block-structure brace was fabricated using 3D printing. Asymmetric stiffness was evaluated by corrective force measurements, which were obtained from a thin-film pressure sensor equipped on the brace. The patient-specific asymmetric stiffness brace was applied to clinical practice in a one-year-old EOS patient. A novel low-cost 3D printed brace design method for EOS was proposed in this study that could potentially be useful in patient treatment acceptance.
Design, Improvement and Evaluation of a Novel In Situ Implanted Bionic Artificial Anal Sphincter
Authors: Wang Lichao , Yan Guozheng , Han Ding , Liu Dasheng , Hua Fangfang , Wu Tong 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Artificial anal sphincter has gradually become an emerging means of treating anal incontinence. However, most of the systems cannot be implanted in the human body for a long time due to insufficient reliability. Therefore, this paper has designed and improved a novel bionic artificial anal sphincter (BAAS). In order to make it work reliably for a long time, we first optimized and improved key parts to increase their strength. Given the humid working environment in the body, we optimized the design of the waterproof pressure sensor and carried out experimental research on the sealing of the circuit board and the overall sealing. When evaluating the improved system, I used simulation to analyze the structural strength and motion characteristics of the BAAS and used underwater experiments to simulate the human environment to evaluate the waterproofness of the system. The results showed that the strength of the key joint increased by 49.4%, the average clamping time and opening time of the prosthesis were 14.5 s and 13.4 s, respectively, and the angular velocity of the pendulum rod approaching the intestine was about 4.5 deg/s, which was in line with the normal defecation process of the human body. The performance is stable and reliable in the 20-day underwater body fluid simulation experiment. BAAS basically meets the application needs of long-term implantation in the treatment of fecal incontinence.
Ethnic differences between South Asians and white Caucasians in cardiovascular disease-related mortality in developed countries: a systematic literature review protocol
Authors: Patel Mubarak , Abatcha Salim , Uthman Olalekan Abdulrahman 
Published: July 2022

IntroductionCardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide, with significantly worse CVD outcomes in ethnic minorities in developed countries, especially South Asians, compared with the prevailing white ethnic group. This protocol outlines the process for conducting a systematic literature review to investigate the CVD outcome inequalities between South Asian and white Caucasian ethnic groups.MethodsStudies that compared the South Asian ethnic minority with the predominant white ethnicity in developed countries with CVD will be included from inception to 22 April 2021. We will search MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science and grey literature to find all relevant peer-reviewed articles, reports and online theses. Articles will be screened using inclusion/exclusion criteria applied first at the title and abstract level, and then full texts, both by two independent reviewers. Articles kept in the review will undergo a risk of bias assessment using the Quality In Prognosis Studies tool and data will be extracted. Random-effects meta-analysis and heterogeneity tests will be undertaken, and tests for publication bias, outlying highly-influential observations. If insufficient data is founded or studies are highly heterogeneous, a narrative synthesis will be conducted.EthicsFormal ethical approval is not required for this review.DisseminationThe results and findings of this systematic literature review will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and reports.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021240865.
Duration of External Neck Stabilisation (DENS) following odontoid fracture in older or frail adults: protocol for a randomised controlled trial of collar versus no collar
Authors: Woodfield Julie , Edlmann Ellie , Black Polly L , Boyd Julia , Copley Phillip Correia , Cranswick Gina , Eborall Helen , Keerie Catriona , Khan Sadaquate , Lawton Julia , Lowe David J , Norrie John , Niven Angela , Reed Matthew J , Shenkin Susan Deborah , Statham Patrick , Stoddart Andrew , Tomlinson James , Brennan Paul M 
Published: July 2022

IntroductionFractures of the odontoid process frequently result from low impact falls in frail or older adults. These are increasing in incidence and importance as the population ages. In the UK, odontoid fractures in older adults are usually managed in hard collars to immobilise the fracture and promote bony healing. However, bony healing does not always occur in older adults, and bony healing is not associated with quality of life, functional, or pain outcomes. Further, hard collars can cause complications such as skin pressure ulcers, swallowing difficulties and difficulties with personal care. We hypothesise that management with no immobilisation may be superior to management in a hard collar for older or frail adults with odontoid fractures.Methods and analysesThis is the protocol for the Duration of External Neck Stabilisation (DENS) trial—a non-blinded randomised controlled trial comparing management in a hard collar with management without a collar for older (≥65 years) or frail (Rockwood Clinical Frailty Scale ≥5) adults with a new odontoid fracture. 887 neurologically intact participants with any odontoid process fracture type will be randomised to continuing with a hard collar (standard care) or removal of the collar (intervention). The primary outcome is quality of life measured using the EQ-5D-5L at 12 weeks. Secondary outcomes include pain scores, neck disability index, health and social care use and costs, and mortality.Ethics and disseminationInformed consent for participation will be sought from those able to provide it. We will also include those who lack capacity to ensure representativeness of frail and acutely unwell older adults. Results will be disseminated via scientific publication, lay summary, and visual abstract. The DENS trial received a favourable ethical opinion from the Scotland A Research Ethics Committee (21/SS/0036) and the Leeds West Research Ethics Committee (21/YH/0141).Trial registration numberNCT04895644.