bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimation of the visual contribution to standing balance using virtual reality
Authors: Assländer Lorenz , Albrecht Matthias , Diehl Moritz , Missen Kyle J. , Carpenter Mark G. , Streuber Stephan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Sensory perturbations are a valuable tool to assess sensory integration mechanisms underlying balance. Implemented as systems-identification approaches, they can be used to quantitatively assess balance deficits and separate underlying causes. However, the experiments require controlled perturbations and sophisticated modeling and optimization techniques. Here we propose and validate a virtual reality implementation of moving visual scene experiments together with model-based interpretations of the results. The approach simplifies the experimental implementation and offers a platform to implement standardized analysis routines. Sway of fourteen healthy young subjects wearing a virtual reality head-mounted display was measured. Subjects viewed a virtual room or a screen inside the room, which were both moved during a series of sinusoidal or pseudo-random room or screen tilt sequences recorded on two days. In a between-subject comparison of 10x6 min long pseudo-random sequences, each applied at 5 amplitudes, our results showed no difference to a real-world moving screen experiment from the literature. We used the independent-channel model to interpret our data, which provides a direct estimate of the visual contribution to balance, together with parameters characterizing the dynamics of the feedback system. Reliability estimates of single subject parameters from six repetitions of a 6x20-s pseudo-random sequence showed strong to excellent test-retest agreement of all estimated parameters within the three repetitions of the second day and within the last of the three measurements between the days (Intraclass correlation; ICC >0.9). ICCs including the first two stimulus repetitions were consistently smaller for all parameters but the visual contribution and the feedback time delay. Sway responses strongly depended on the visual scene, where the high-contrast, abstract screen evoked larger sway as compared to the photo-realistic room. In conclusion, our proposed virtual reality approach allows researchers to reliably assess balance control dynamics including the visual contribution to balance with minimal implementation effort.
Acute promyelocytic leukaemia: population-based study of epidemiology and outcome with ATRA and oral-ATO from 1991-2021
Authors: Gill Harinder , Ragupathy Radha , Lee Carmen Y.Y. , Yung Yammy , Chu Hiu-Tung , Ni Michael , Xiao Xiao , Flores Francis P , Yim Rita , Lee Paul , Chin Lynn , Li Vivian W.K. , Au Lester , Au Wing-Yan , Ma Edmond S.K. , Mohan Diwakar , Kumana Cyrus R , Kwong Yok-Lam 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
BackgroundThe epidemiology and treatment of acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL) are changing. We have incorporated oral arsenic trioxide (oral-ATO) into induction/maintenance.MethodsNewly-diagnosed APL from 1991 to 2021 divided into three 10-year periods were studied to define its epidemiology and how oral-ATO impacted on its outcome. Primary endpoints included APL incidence, early deaths (ED, first 30 days), and overall survival (OS). Secondary endpoints included post-30-day OS, relapse-free survival (RFS), and incidence of second cancers.ResultsAPL occurred in 374 males and 387 females at a median age of 44 (1–97) years. Annual incidences increased progressively, averaging 0.32 per 100,000 people. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)-based and oral-ATO-based regimens were used in 469 and 282 patients. There were 144 EDs, occurring almost exclusively in ATRA-based inductions (N = 139), being more with males, age > 50 years, leucocyte > 10 x 109/L, diagnosis during 1991–2009 and fewer with oral-ATO-based regimens. After a median of 75 (interquartile range: 14–161) months, 5-year and 10-year OS were 68.1% and 63.3%, inferior with males, age > 50 years, leucocyte > 10 x 109/L, high-risk Sanz score and superior with oral-ATO-based regimens. Factoring out EDs, 5-year and 10-year post-30-day OS were 84.0% and 78.1%, inferior with males and superior with oral-ATO-based regimens. In 607 CR1 patients, the 5-year RFS was 83.8%, superior with diagnosis in 2010–2021 and oral-ATO-based regimens. Second cancers developed in 21 patients, unrelated to oral-ATO-based regimens.This study formed part of the Acute Promyelocytic Leukaemia Asian Consortium Project (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04251754).
The Determinants of Risk Weighted Assets in Europe
Authors: Leogrande Angelo , Costantiello Alberto , Laureti Lucio , Matarrese Marco 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We have estimated the level of Risk Weighted Assets among 30 countries in Europe, in 30 trimesters, using data of the European Banking Authority-EBA of 139 variables. We perform an econometric model using Pooled OLS, Panel Data with Fixed Effects, Panel Data with Random Effects, Weighted Least Squares. We found that Risk Weighted Assets is negatively associated, among others, to the level of NFC loans in mining and quarrying, in public administration and defence, and in financial and insurance activities and positively associated, among others to distribution of NFC loans in human health services and social work activities, in education and the level of net fee and commission income. Furthermore, we apply a cluster analysis with the k-Means algorithm, and we find the presence of two clusters. A comparison was then made between eight different machine learning algorithms for predicting the value of the RWAs and we found that the best predictor is the linear regression. The RWA value is predicted to increase by 1.5%.
Regulating bimetallic active centers for exploring the structure-activity relationship upon high-performance photocatalytic nitrogen reduction
Authors: Zhang Wensheng , Pan Guoliang , Han Dongfang , Liu Tianren , Liang Weiqi , Han Dongxue , Dai Mengjiao , Xie Haijiao , Qin Dongdong , Niu Li 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Photocatalytic ammonia (NH3) synthesis from N2 is a strategy conducive to carbon neutrality because it avoids high energy consumption and high carbon emission process in the industrial synthesis of NH3. However, the structure-activity relationship of bimetallic active centers in heterogeneous catalysts is still dimness for high-performance photocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (pNRR). Here, a rational N2-bridging strategy for heterogeneously pNRR has been expanded through regulating bimetallic Ti-Pd active centers at TiO2 (101)/Pd (111) interface and the structure-activity correlation during the pNRR was explored. The side-on adsorption with “*N ≡ N*” configuration (*presents the adsorption site) on Ti-Pd centers induces a considerable polarization and potent activation of N2, enabling to achieve an impressive rate of NH3 production (635.73 µg gcat.−1 h− 1) on the optimal se-Pd/m-TiO2 NRs (2.71%). More importantly, nearly ~ 92.37% of initial activity could be retained following 8 successive reaction rounds. Further mechanism studies revealed that the side-on bridging mode of N2 with bimetallic Ti-Pd centers possesses an ultra-high adsorption energy, which can effectively weaken the triple bond of N2 and reduce the activation energy barrier of pNRR process. This study provides insights into the electronic structure regulation of bimetallic active centers and structure-property relationship at the atomic level.
Increased lactate dehydrogenase reflects the progression of COVID-19 pneumonia on chest computed tomography and predicts subsequent severe disease
Authors: Kojima Kensuke , Yoon Hyungeun , Okishio Kyoichi , Tsuyuguchi Kazunari 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Chest computed tomography (CT) is effective for assessing the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the clinical factors reflecting the disease progression of COVID-19 pneumonia on chest CT and predicting a subsequent exacerbation remain controversial. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 450 COVID-19 patients. We used an automated image processing tool to quantify the COVID-19 pneumonia lesion extent on chest CT at admission. The factors associated with the lesion extent were estimated by a multiple regression analysis. After adjusting for background factors by propensity score matching, we conducted a multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis to identify factors associated with severe disease after admission. The multiple regression analysis identified sex, body-mass index (BMI), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), C-reactive protein (CRP), and albumin as factors associated with the lesion extent on chest CT. The standardized partial regression coefficients for them were 1.76, 2.42, 1.54, and 0.71, respectively. The multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis identified LDH (hazard ratio, 1.003; 95% confidence interval, 1.001–1.005) as a factor independently associated with an exacerbation of COVID-19 pneumonia. Increased serum LDH at admission may be useful in real-world clinical practice for the simple screening of COVID-19 patients at high risk of developing subsequent severe disease.
Temperature-resilient anapole modes associated with TE polarization in semiconductor nanowires *
Authors: Thakore Vaibhav , Ala-Nissila Tapio , Karttunen Mikko 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Polarization-dependent scattering anisotropy of cylindrical nanowires has numerous potential applications in, for example, nanoantennas, photothermal therapy, thermophotovoltaics, catalysis, sensing, optical filters and switches. In all these applications, temperature-dependent material properties play an important role and often adversely impact performance depending on the dominance of either radiative or dissipative damping. Here, we employ numerical modeling based on Mie scattering theory to investigate and compare the temperature and polarization-dependent optical anisotropy of metallic (gold, Au) nanowires with indirect (silicon, Si) and direct (gallium arsenide, GaAs) bandgap semiconducting nanowires. Results indicate that plasmonic scattering resonances in semiconductors, within the absorption band, deteriorate with an increase in temperature whereas those occurring away from the absorption band strengthen as a result of the increase in phononic contribution. Indirect-bandgap thin (20 nm) Si nanowires present low absorption efficiencies for both the transverse electric (TE, E ⊥) and magnetic (TM, E ∥) modes, and high scattering efficiencies for the TM mode at shorter wavelengths making them suitable as highly efficient scatterers. Temperature-resilient higher-order anapole modes with their characteristic high absorption and low scattering efficiencies are also observed in the semiconductor nanowires (r = 125−130 nm) for the TE polarization. Herein, the GaAs nanowires present 3−7 times greater absorption efficiencies compared to the Si nanowires making them especially suitable for temperature-resilient applications such as scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM), localized heating, non-invasive sensing or detection that require strong localization of energy in the near field.
FOUR score versus GCS in patients with traumatic brain injury in the prehospital setting
Authors: Furman Matej Rubelli , Gorenjak Mario , Ravnik Janez 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study is to compare two coma scales, the GCS (Glasgow Coma Scale) and the FOUR score (Full Outline of UnResponsiveness score). Design: We performed a prospective observational cohort study over a one-and-a-half-year period. Statistical methods were used, and results of data analysis presented. Setting: The study was conducted in a prehospital setting. Patients: We included 200 adults with traumatic brain injury. Interventions: We evaluated the GCS and FOUR scores at three different prehospital time points, and we reassessed the scores in surviving patients 24 hours, one month and three months after the injury. Main outcome measures: We aiming to examine which scale is better for predicting mortality outcome in traumatic brain injury patients.Main result: We introduced and compared different models for the prediction of morality outcome 24 hours after the injury and re-evaluated the predictive ability of the models one and three months after the injury.The results of our work reveal that FOUR score perform almost identically to GCS in terms of predictive outcome morality.Conclusions: Despite some promising model scores, the result of our research has shown no statistically significant difference in terms of the correct prediction of mortality outcome between the GCS and FOUR scores 24 hours, one month, and three months after brain injury.
Thidiazuron, a phenyl-urea cytokinin, inhibits ergosterol synthesis and attenuates biofilm formation of Candida albicans
Authors: Harikrishnan Pandurangan , Arayambath Balamani , Jayaraman Vijay Karthik , Ekambaram Kanimozhi , Ahmed Emad A , Senthilkumar Palanisamy , Ibrahim Hairul-Islam Mohamed , Sundaresan Arjunan , Thirugnanasambantham Krishnaraj 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Candida albicans is a common human fungal pathogen that colonizes mucosa and develops biofilm in the oral cavity which cause oral candidiosis. This study investigates the effects of a new molecule thidiazuron against the growth and biofilm formation properties of C. albicans. Preliminary molecular docking study revealed potential interaction between thidiazuron and amino acids residues of cytochrome P450 mono-oxygenase (CYP51). Further in vitro anti-fungal susceptibility test, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and time kill analysis revealed potential anti-fungal activity of thidiazuron in both dose and time dependent manner. Crystal violet staining, 2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT) reduction assay and acridine orange staining visually confirmed biofilm inhibitory potential of thidiazuron. Gene expression study shows that thidiazuron treatment down regulated the expression of genes involved in ergosterol synthesis, cell adhesion and hyphae development in C. albicans. This study identified thidiazuron as a new CYP51 inhibitor and a novel antibiofilm agent against C. albicans.
Effect of climate change on streamflow in the Gelana watershed, Rift valley basin, Ethiopia
Authors: Daniel Habtamu , Abate Brook 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Climate change is one of the current global threats and the topmost challenges. This study aims to investigate the climate change effect on streamflow in the Gelana watershed using the soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) model for three consecutive periods of 2031–2050, 2051–2070, and 2071–2090. Climate variables were downscaled from two regional climate models (RCMs) (RACMO22T and RCA4) from CORDEX-Africa under representative concentration pathway (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) scenarios. RCMs were evaluated using four statistical indicators and performed very well. Power transformation and distribution mapping methods were used to correct biases of precipitation and temperatures, respectively. The 19 SWAT model-sensitive parameters were transferred from the gauged donor watersheds to the ungauged watershed outlet by using the principal component analysis coupled with the stepwise multiple linear regression. The ensemble mean of RCMs revealed that the maximum and minimum temperatures and potential evapotranspiration were predicted to increase up to 3.48 °C, 4.19 °C, and 17.85%, respectively, in the period of 2071–2090 under the RCP8.5 scenario. These changes translate to possible reductions in the mean annual rainfall and streamflow up to 15.12 and 44.14%, respectively, with a consequent higher decline of surface runoff by 22.23%, groundwater by 42.54%, and water yield by 35.89% in the period of 2051–2070 under the RCP4.5 scenario. The projected rainfall and streamflow are expected to face a higher decline in wet seasons. Detections of trends in hydro-climatic variables were performed by using the Mann–Kendall test. Hence, these projection scenarios should be of interest to river users and water resource managers in the Gelana watershed.
Patient and Provider Perspectives on Enrollment in Precision Oncology Research: Qualitative Ethical Analysis
Authors: Spector-Bagdady Kayte , Kent Madison , Krenz Chris D , Brummel Collin , Swiecicki Paul L , Brenner J Chad , Shuman Andrew G 
Published: May 2022

Background
The genomic frontier continues to revolutionize the practice of oncology. Advances in cancer biology from tumorigenesis to treatment resistance are driven by the molecular underpinnings of malignancy. The framing of precision oncology as both a clinical and research tool is constantly evolving and directly influences conversations between oncologists and their patients. Prior research has shown that patient-participants often have unmet or unrealistic expectations regarding the clinical utility of oncology research and genomic sequencing. This indicates the need for more in-depth investigation of how and why patients choose to participate in such research.

Objective
This study presents a qualitative ethical analysis to better understand patient and provider perspectives on enrollment in precision oncology research.

Methods
Paired semistructured interviews were conducted with patient-participants enrolled in a prospective head and neck precision oncology research platform, along with their oncology providers, at a National Cancer Institute–designated academic cancer center.

Results
There were three major themes that emerged from the analysis. (1) There are distinct and unique challenges with informed consent to precision medicine, chiefly involving the ability of both patient-participants and providers to effectively understand the science underlying the research. (2) The unique benefits of precision medicine enrollment are of paramount importance to patients considering enrollment. (3) Patient-participants have little concern for the risks of research enrollment, particularly in the context of a low-burden protocol.

Conclusions
Patient-participants and their providers offer complementary and nuanced perspectives on their motivation to engage in precision oncology research. This reflects both the inherent promise and enthusiasm within the field, as well as the limitations and challenges of ensuring that both patient-participants and clinicians understand the complexities of the science involved.
Assessing Engagement With Patient-Generated Health Data Recording and Its Impact on Health Behavior Changes in Multicomponent Interventions: Supplementary Analysis
Authors: Kinouchi Kaori , Ohashi Kazutomo 
Published: May 2022

Background
The use and sharing of patient-generated health data (PGHD) by clinicians or researchers is expected to enhance the remote monitoring of specific behaviors that affect patient health. In addition, PGHD use could support patients’ decision-making on preventive care management, resulting in reduced medical expenses. However, sufficient evidence on the use and sharing of PGHD is lacking, and the impact of PGHD recording on patients’ health behavior changes remains unclear.

Objective
This study aimed to assess patients’ engagement with PGHD recording and to examine the impact of PGHD recording on their health behavior changes.

Methods
This supplementary analysis used the data of 47 postpartum women who had been assigned to the intervention group of our previous study for managing urinary incontinence. To assess the patients’ engagement with PGHD recording during the intervention period (8 weeks), the fluctuation in the number of patients who record their PGHD (ie, PGHD recorders) was evaluated by an approximate curve. In addition, to assess adherence to the pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT), the weekly mean number of pelvic floor muscle contractions performed per day among 17 PGHD recorders was examined by latent class growth modeling (LCGM).

Results
The fluctuation in the number of PGHD recorders was evaluated using the sigmoid curve formula (R2=0.91). During the first week of the intervention, the percentage of PGHD recorders was around 64% (30/47) and then decreased rapidly from the second to the third week. After the fourth week, the percentage of PGHD recorders was 36% (17/47), which remained constant until the end of the intervention. When analyzing the data of these 17 PGHD recorders, PFMT adherence was categorized into 3 classes by LCGM: high (7/17, 41%), moderate (3/17, 18%), and low (7/17, 41%).

Conclusions
The number of PGHD recorders declined over time in a sigmoid curve. A small number of users recorded PGHD continuously; therefore, patients’ engagement with PGHD recording was low. In addition, more than half of the PGHD recorders (moderate- and low-level classes combined: 10/17, 59%) had poor PFMT adherence. These results suggest that PGHD recording does not always promote health behavior changes.
Antecedentes, debates y orientaciones de los posgrados en México en el siglo XXI
Authors: Pérez Arenas David 
Published: May 2022

El artículo analiza los debates en que surgieron y se han desarrollado los estudios de posgrado en México, tomando como eje de análisis el tipo de orientación hacia el que se han enfocado estos programas: la profesionalización o la investigación, así como las implicaciones y sentido que han adquirido estos tipos de formación, dependiendo del contexto histórico social y de las políticas educativas en que se han inscrito; destacando los cambios que a partir de la última década del siglo pasado, generaron una dislocación de su identidad social y empezaron a configurar su nuevo contorno, la comercialización de la educación.
Trematode infection in a freshwater snail Hydrobioides nassa (Gastropoda: Bithyniidae) in Thailand
Authors: Tapdara S. , Bunchom N. , Pilap W. , Tantrawatpan C. , Saijuntha W. 
Published: May 2022

Summary
1,024 individuals of Hydrobioides nassa were collected from 12 different localities in eight provinces from north, west, and central regions of Thailand. The infection of parasitic trematodes was investigated using shedding and crushing methods to search for cercariae and metacercariae. Trematode infection was found at a relatively low prevalence of 5.57%. Five different morphological types of cercariae were detected; xiphidio, monostome, mutabile, ophthalmoxiphidio, and microcercous, and three different morphological types of unknown metacercariae were observed. Microcercous cercariae of the lung fluke genus Paragonimus is reported here for the first time in a bithyniid snail. Our current finding show that H. nassa can serve as intermediate host for a range of parasitic trematodes in Thailand.