bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The number of osteoblasts and osteoclasts in hypofunctional teeth during orthodontic tooth movement in rats
Authors: Maulani Adibah , Farmasyanti Cendrawasih Andusyana , Sutantyo Darmawan 
Published: April 2022

Background: When moved orthodontically, hypofunctional teeth will have a decreased tooth movement rate compared to normal teeth. This study aimed to determine the number of osteoblasts in the tension side and the number of osteoclasts in the pressure side of the hypofunctional teeth during orthodontic tooth movement. Method: 18 male Wistar rats were given a palatal coil spring application on the maxillary incisors. Rats were divided into two groups, the orthodontic group with normal occlusion (NO) and hypofunctional occlusion (HO). The number of osteoblasts on the tension side and osteoclasts on the pressure side on days zero (D0), five (D5), and 10 (D10) were tested with two-way ANOVA. Observations were made by hematoxylin eosin staining. Result: The results showed that the number of osteoblasts on the tension side of the HO group was the same at the NO group (p> 0.05). The number of osteoblasts on the tension side in the NO and HO groups at D5 was the same at D10 (p = 0.99), but significantly higher (p = 0.002), than D0. The number of osteoclasts on the pressure side in the HO group was significantly lower than the NO group (p <0.05). The number of osteoclasts in the NO D5 group was significantly higher than the other groups (p <0.05). Conclusions: The number of osteoblasts on the tension side was not affected by the hypofunctional state but decreased the number of osteoclasts on the pressure side during orthodontic tooth movement.
An exploratory investigation on the determinants of successful collaborative projects in the Malaysian construction industry
Authors: Jupir Jamaludin , Ab Aziz Kamarulzaman , Rosdi Intan Soraya , Yaakob Syamsuri , Razavi Seyed Hadi 
Published: April 2022

Background: Project management is a critical business discipline for an organization to create a competitive edge as well as a prominent tool to delivering successful projects. The changes in the current societal, environmental, economic, and technological horizons prompt a more collaborative engagement in managing projects. Therefore, the traditionally accepted ways of managing projects need to be revisited. Methods: This research employs an empirical approach to identify the determinants of successful collaborative project management in the construction industry. The exploratory stage of this research aims to identify the variables of collaborative projects and to understand the relationships among the variables. The research uses qualitative methods to understand factors of project success by conducting interviews with project practitioners in the construction industry. Data from the interviews was transcribed word-by-word and the content was analyzed manually using a thematic content analysis. Results: The findings show that project management maturity, decision-making process, knowledge management, and coordination can contribute to the success of managing a collaborative project. Conclusions: The results of the study can be applied in managing a construction project. It also contributes to the body of knowledge regarding project management.
The Growth of Information Asymmetry Between Earnings Announcements and Its Implications for Reporting Frequency
Authors: Stoumbos Robert 
Published: April 2022

I demonstrate that, on average, information asymmetry grows between earnings announcements and falls right after each new earnings announcement. I estimate that percent effective spreads typically grow 3.1% over the course of the inter-announcement period. I demonstrate that this inter-announcement growth in information asymmetry occurs gradually throughout the entire inter-announcement period and not just right before each new earnings announcement. This inter-announcement growth has implications for reporting frequency decisions. A semiannual reporter that switches to quarterly reporting cuts the growth time in half by cutting each semiannual reporting period into two quarterly reporting periods. As a result, it reduces information asymmetry in what would have been the second half of the semiannual reporting period. I confirm this in a European setting, showing that the average reduction in bid-ask spreads from the inter-announcement growth channel is 1.6% when firms switch from semiannual to quarterly reporting. This paper was accepted by Suraj Srinivasan, accounting. Funding: The author gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Yale School of Management and Columbia Business School. Supplemental Material: The data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4408 .
Metaheuristic algorithms in optimization and its application: a review
Authors: Kareem Shahab Wahhab , Hama Ali Kurdistan Wns , Askar Shavan , Xoshaba Farah Sami , Hawezi Roojwan 
Published: April 2022

Metaheuristic algorithms are computational intelligence paradigms especially used for solving different optimization issues. Metaheuristics examine a collection of solutions otherwise really be wide to be thoroughly addressed or discussed in any other way. Metaheuristics can be applied to a wide range of problems because they make accurate predictions in any optimization situation. Natural processes such as the fact of evolution in Natural selection behavioral genetics, ant behaviors in genetics, swarm behaviors of certain animals, annealing in metallurgy, and others motivate metaheuristics algorithms. The big cluster search algorithm is by far the most commonly used metaheuristic algorithm. The principle behind this algorithm is that it begins with an optimal state and then uses heuristic methods from the community search algorithm to try to refine it. Many metaheuristic algorithms in diverse environments and areas are examined, compared, and described in this article. Such as Genetic Algorithm (GA), ant Colony Optimization Algorithm (ACO), Simulated Annealing (SA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm, Differential Evolution (DE) algorithm and etc. Finally, show the results of each algorithm in various environments were addressed.
Metalens-based stereoscopic microscope
Authors: Long Yong , Zhang Jianchao , Liu Zhihao , Feng Weibin , Guo Songming , Sun Qian , Wu Qinfei , Yu Xiangyang , Zhou Jianying , Martins Emiliano R. , Liang Haowen , Li Juntao 
Published: April 2022

Stereoscopic microscopy is a promising technology to obtain three-dimensional microscopic images. Such microscopes are based on the parallax effect, and as such require two lenses to focus at two different points. Geometrical constraints, however, restrict their numerical apertures to about 0.2, thus limiting the system’s resolution. Higher numerical apertures (

∼
0.35

) can be achieved with designs using only one bulk lens, but such systems are

∼
10

times more costly than the conventional ones. Thus, there is a pressing need for alternative solutions to improve the resolution of stereoscopic systems. Here, we show that high-resolution and low-cost stereoscopic systems can be obtained using birefringent single-layer metalenses. We design and fabricate a birefringent metalens operating at 532 nm with a numerical aperture as high as 0.4. The metalens is then used to demonstrate high-resolution stereoscopic imaging of biological samples. The microscopic images are further displayed and perceived vividly in an autostereoscopic display. Our demonstration paves the way to a new strategy to achieve high-resolution and low-cost stereoscopic microscopes.
Cost associated with a relapse-free patient in multiple sclerosis: A real-world health indicator
Authors: Romero-Pinel Lucía , Bau Laura , Matas Elisabet , León Isabel , Juvany Roser , Jódar Ramon , Martínez-Yélamos Antonio , Martínez-Yélamos Sergio 
Published: April 2022

Background
The efficacy and safety of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) in multiple sclerosis (MS) are well known; however, owing to their high costs, determining real-world outcomes is essential to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of different therapeutic strategies. This study aimed to investigate the variability in the annual cost of DMTs associated with a relapse-free patient in a representative population cohort of relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), and whether this could serve as an appropriate health indicator.

Methods
We analyzed the patients followed up in our MS clinic during the years 2016 and 2019, and selected patients belonging to our health district diagnosed with RRMS. The treatment cost associated with a relapse-free patient was the ratio between the total cost of DMTs and the number of relapse-free patients, treated and not treated, during the year of the study.

Results
A total of 158 patients with RRMS in 2016 and 183 in 2019 were included in our study. In 2016, 101 patients with RRMS (63.9%) received treatment with DMTs and 120 patients (75.9%) remained relapse-free. The mean cost of DMTs per patient in 2016 was €7414.3 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 6325.2–8503.4) considering all the patients (treated and not treated). In 2019, 126 patients (68.9%) received DMTs and 151 patients (82.5%) remained relapse-free. The mean cost of DMTs per patient in 2019 was €6985.4 (95% CI: 5986.9–7983.9) considering all the patients. The cost per year of DMTs to achieve a relapse-free patient was €9762.2 in 2016 and €8465.8 in 2019.

Conclusions
The treatment cost per year to achieve a relapse-free patient was stable during successive measurements in the same population. Therefore, it may be considered a good real-world health indicator for patients with RRMS treated with DMTs.
A database study of clinical and economic burden of invasive meningococcal disease in France
Authors: Huang Liping , Fievez Stéphane , Goguillot Mélanie , Marié Lucile , Bénard Stève , Elkaïm Anne , Tin Tin Htar Myint 
Published: April 2022

Objective
Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) is life-threatening and associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. The study aimed to examine the clinical characteristics and hospital-based healthcare resource use and related costs following IMD diagnosis in France.

Methods
Patients admitted to hospitals due to IMD between 2014 and 2016 were selected from the French hospital discharge database (PMSI). Demographics, clinical outcomes and health utilization (HRU) during index hospitalization were described. HRU and costs during the follow-up period were also examined. A generalized linear model was applied to examine 1-year costs after index hospitalization adjusting for age, type of IMD and presence of sequelae at index hospitalization.

Results
A total of 1,344 patients were identified. About 30% cases were in children < 5 years old and 25% aged 10–24 years. Majority of patients presented as meningococcal meningitis (59%), 25% as meningococcaemia, and 9% both. The case fatality rate during the index hospitalization was 6%. About 15% of patients had at least one sequela at index hospital discharge. The median length of stay and the median cost of index hospitalization were 9 days and 8,045€, respectively. Patients with at least one sequela, with clinical manifestation as both meningitis and meningococcaemia, or aged 25 years and older were statistically significantly associated with higher costs than others.

Conclusion
IMD is unpredictable and can occur in all ages. The study highlights the severity and high health and economic burdens associated with the disease. The data underlines the importance of prevention against IMD through vaccination.
“To Give Good Science”: Doing Qualitative Research in the Afterward
Authors: Lather Patti 
Published: April 2022

This article explores the “afterward” for qualitative research in the ruins of NCLB and its failure to deliver. In the space opened up “after” the dominance of the gold standard bullying and “metric mania” of neo-positivism, I articulate a post-retirement project on the weight of sports in U.S. secondary schools out of a re-engagement with the work of Walter Benjamin. Here my interest is to imagine forward out of troubling the narrow scientism of the recent past of educational research toward a post-qualitative future.
Floating particles mixing characteristics in an eccentric stirred tank coupled with dislocated fractal impellers
Authors: Gu Deyin , Li Xin , Wang Yi , Xu Hui , Ye Mei , Wen Li 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The mixing characteristics of floating particle dispersion process in an eccentric stirred tank with dislocated fractal impellers were investigated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and experimental analyses. Solid concentration distribution, axial solid concentration profile, cloud height, solid integrated velocity, power consumption and just drawdown speed were investigated. Results showed that dislocated fractal impeller can enhance solid integrated velocity and fluid turbulent fluctuation intensity compared with dislocated pitched blade impeller, and eccentric agitation coupled with dislocated fractal impeller could destroy the typical circulation loops and symmetric flow field and improve the axial circulation efficiency of floating particles on the basis of dislocated fractal impeller. Eccentric agitation coupled with dislocated fractal impeller could further enhance the floating particle dispersion homogeneity (MI) and decrease the just drawdown speed (N
jd) on the basis of dislocated fractal impeller and dislocated pitched blade impeller at the specific power consumption. Meanwhile, eccentric ratio of 0.3 or 0.4 was optimal for the floating particle mixing process in this work.
Relationship between height age, bone age and chronological age in normal children in the context of nutritional and pubertal status
Authors: Khadilkar Vaman , Oza Chirantap , Khadilkar Anuradha 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Bone age (BA) is a quantitative determination of skeletal maturation. The role of puberty in variations in BA is poorly understood as hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis maturation and skeletal maturation are regulated in parallel but independently by multiple different factors. In countries like India where there is rapid nutrition transition and increase in prevalence of obesity, their impact on height and BA is not well understood.

Objectives
To study if in 2–17 year old healthy children, the difference between chronological age (CA), height age (HA) and BA is less than 1 year on either side of the chronological age and to assess relationship of BA with height, weight and BMI with special reference to gender and puberty.

Methods
This cross-sectional study included 804 preschool/school-going Indian children. Anthropometric measurements and pubertal assessments were performed using standard protocols and were converted to age and sex standardized z-scores using Indian references while BA was estimated by Tanner-Whitehouse (TW3) method. p<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results
The mean age and gender standardized z-scores for height, weight, body mass index (BMI) and BA were −0.3 ± 0.7, −0.7 ± 0.8, −0.1 ± 1.0, and −0.2 ± 0.9 respectively. HA was more delayed in girls while BA was more delayed in boys. The mean BA z-score increased with increasing BMI. After the onset of puberty, there was higher increment in BA in girls and HA in boys (p<0.05).

Conclusions
HA, BA and CA were tightly correlated in healthy Indian children with a significant role of nutritional status and puberty in causing variation in the same.
Preliminary Results and Research Perspectives on the Submerged Stone Age Sites in Storstrømmen, Denmark
Authors: Fiedler Klara , Johansen Morten , Binder Andreas G. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This article gives an overview of the survey campaigns and excavations undertaken within an area of the sound Storstrømmen in southeast Denmark from 2014 to 2017. Before the construction of a new bridge over the sound, geophysical data from the bridge corridor and other areas affected by the development project were used to give a representation of the moraine till as a proxy for the submerged prehistoric topography, with the topographical interpretation serving as a base for appointing areas with high potential for finding well-preserved Mesolithic sites. Several new Mesolithic sites were found during test excavations. The sites are preserved at different depths in the channel and range in date over the entire Danish Mesolithic period. All sites are located along former waterfronts, and the majority showed good preservation for organic material. Four of the discovered sites have been subject to excavations. The sites are located at different elevations and have between them the potential of contributing to the understanding of the human response to the dramatic topographic and environmental change that took place in Storstrømmen during the Atlantic period as a consequence of the rising sea level.
Study on dynamic viscoelastic constitutive model of nonwater reacted polyurethane grouting materials based on DMA
Authors: Jingwei Zhang , Jia Li , Chuhao Huang , Shuo Chen 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Nonwater reacted polyurethane grouting materials are new materials developed to make up for the shortcomings of water-reactive materials in emergency rescue. However, its viscoelastic properties and constitutive model under dynamic loads have not been systematically studied. Based on dynamic thermal mechanical analysis (DMA), the dynamic viscoelastic indexes such as storage modulus, loss modulus, and loss factor of nonwater reacted polymer grouting material were obtained, and the frequency spectrum of polymer with different densities were analyzed. In addition, comparing and analyzing the classical viscoelastic constitutive models such as Maxewell model, Kelvin model, and Fractional model, the fourth-order generalized Maxwell model (GMM) was selected to construct the viscoelastic constitutive model of polyurethane grounding materials. Then, the parameters of the viscoelastic constitutive model of polyurethane grounding materials were obtained by using multi-objective shared parameter fitting method, and dynamic viscoelastic constitutive model of nonwater reacted polyurethane grouting materials was established. Furthermore, the viscoelastic constitutive model with different densities was verified by the DMA test. The results show that the dynamic viscoelastic constitutive model of nonwater reacted polyurethane grouting materials in the article can accurately and efficiently describe the dynamic viscoelastic properties of polyurethane grounding materials, which lays a foundation for the dynamic response analysis of polymer structures.
Non-Invasive Physico-Chemical and Biological Analysis of Parchment Manuscripts – An Overview
Authors: Cappa Federica , Sterflinger Katja 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This work will give an overview of the scientific approach used for the study of written heritage on parchment. Elemental analysis using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) together with compound-specific analytical methods such as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy can be applied in a non-invasive way, without the need for sampling and without inducing changes to the object. Physico-chemical investigations are complemented and further deepened by DNA- and biological analyses for the identification of the biological origin of materials and the identification of microorganisms, insects and viruses that might be present on the object which may add valuable information about its history and conservation state.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Interaction between Polymer Modifier and Asphalt
Authors: Wei Kuiling , Su Yue , Cao Xuejuan , Jiang Tianqiang , Deng Mei , Wu Yan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Polymer-modified asphalt has been widely used in the road engineering field because of its excellent physical and chemical properties compared to virgin asphalt. To investigate the intrinsic interaction between polymer modifier and virgin asphalt, the molecular dynamics simulation was used to analyze different modified asphalt systems. Firstly, the models of the polymer-modified asphalts were constructed according to a four-component analysis, and then changes of the intrinsic interaction and compatibility between two components were detected using the related simulation parameters. The results confirmed that the physical blending and chemical reaction were crucial factors leading to molecular interaction between the modifier and virgin asphalt, which directly determined the microphase separation of the modified asphalt. Moreover, the interaction was also varying with types of modified asphalt, which showed consistency with the experiment phenomenon. Based on these analyses, the results of the current work were conducive to serve for the modified asphalt technology.
Listo, como marcador conversacional en el español coloquial de Medellín (Colombia)
Authors: Ortiz Correa Adriana María , García Zapata Carlos Arturo 
Published: April 2022

Este artículo realiza un primer acercamiento al uso actual de listo como marcador discursivo en la conversación coloquial de los hablantes de Medellín. En primer lugar, se estudia el proceso de gramaticalización que ha afectado a este adjetivo; luego, se tendrá en cuenta la posición de esta unidad para describir los contextos de aparición y las diferentes funciones pragmático-discursivas presentes en el discurso dialogal y en el monologado, así como el modo en que contribuye al intercambio verbal en la comunicación. Para este estudio se ha partido de un corpus de catorce grabaciones de habla espontánea, de las entrevistas semidirigidas del PRESEEA-Medellín y, complementariamente, de ejemplos provenientes de otras fuentes orales o escritas. En las conclusiones se resaltan las tres funciones de listo extraídas de la muestra analizada: deóntica, que expresa el acuerdo entre los interlocutores, de apéndice comprobativo o de corroboración, metadiscursiva conversacional u organizadora del discurso.