bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Black Cutworm Control in Field Corn I, 1985
Authors: Chmiel Stephen M. , Wollam John D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Pioneer 3572’ field corn was planted in a sandy loam soil on 20 May at the Mobay Research Farm, Howe, IN. Plots measured 1 row × 15 ft with 4 replications in a completely randomized block design. Granular treatments were applied at planting to the soil as a 7-inch band using a Noble metering unit mounted on a bicycle applicator with no incorporation. Liquid treatments were applied as soil broadcast sprays at planting using 8002E flat fan tips at 20 psi and 20 gpa applied with a CO2 pressurized hand boom. Enclosures measuring 1 ft × 3 ft × 7 inches were randomly placed in each plot and corn populations thinned to 10 plants/enclosure. On 29 May, when the corn plants were in the first true leaf stage, enclosures were infested with 15 late third/early fourth stage laboratory reared black cutworm (BCW) larvae. The number of damaged and cut plants/enclosure was observed daily for 5 days following infestation, and the totals for the period were determined on 3 Jun. Plants were considered cut if severed below the first true leaf. Plants were classified as damaged if cut or if other evidence of feeding was apparent. Percent healthy plants was evaluated 20 days after infestation. Plants were considered healthy only if they appeared completely normal and were not stunted or deformed due to early feeding injury.
European Corn Borer First Brood Control, 1985
Authors: McPherson Robert M. , Hynson Teresa P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Six insecticidal treatments were examined to determine their efficacy on first brood European corn borer in conventionally planted field corn grown on the Guy Hall Farm near Warsaw, VA. Materials were applied either as foliar sprays or granular applications on 29 May 1985. Sprays were applied using a CO2-powered backpack sprayer at 22 psi, using AL8002 nozzels, that delivered 11.7 gal. of finished formulation per acre. Granular formulations were applied directly in the whorl using a hand-held granular applicator. Plots were 4 rows, 50 ft long, separated with 1 border row. A complete randomized block design was used with 4 replications. Individual plots were evaluated periodically by examining all plants in 50 ft of row for the presence of ECB damage. Yields were obtained by harvesting 1 of the center rows (50 ft of row).
Chemigated Insecticides for Control of First Generation European Corn Borer, Wray, Co, 1985
Authors: Peairs Frank R. , Pilcher Stanley D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments were applied on 2 Jul ‘85 through a Valley sprinkler with low pressure Senninger 360-degree drop nozzles using a Pulsafeeder Hydracone R-1 pump. Thompson Hayward T-MULZ808H nonemulsifiable oil was used in the insecticide + oil treatments. All treatments were applied in 0.25 inches of water.
Second Generation European Corn Borer, Handplots, Wray, Co, 1985
Authors: Peairs Frank B. , Pilcher Stanley D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments were applied on 13 Aug ‘85 to center-pivot irrigated corn. Liquid treatments were applied with a CO2 sprayer calibrated to deliver 11.5 gal/acre at 30 psi through 2 nozzles (8003) mounted on a 2.5-ft boom. Granules were applied through a gravity flow metering and spreading device. Plots were two 50-ft rows separated with a single buffer row and arranged in a randomized complete block design. The field had been chemigated with Lorsban 4E at 1.0 lb (AI)/acre for control of first generation European corn borer. Treatments were evaluated on 12 Sep ‘85 by dissecting 10 plants per plot and counting the number of live 3rd-5th instar larvae and cavities per plant.
Chemigated and Aerially-Applied Insecticides for Control of Western Bean Cutworm, Hale (Bonny Dam), Co, 1985
Authors: Pilcher Stanley D. , Peairs Frank B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments were applied on 26 Jul ‘85 to pretassel corn. Chemigated treatments were applied through a Zimmatic sprinkler with Senninger 360-degree low pressure drop nozzles with a Pulsafeeder Hydracone R-l pump. Aerial treatments were applied with a Peiper A25 (Hutchinson Wing) aircraft calibrated to deliver 2 gal/acre in a 45-ft swath at 30 psi through 23 D 8-45 core nozzles. Treatments were evaluated on 21 Aug ‘85 by counting the number of live larvae in 4 groups of 25 ears per treatment.
Western Corn Rootworm Cultivation Treatments, Akron, Co, 1985
Authors: Pilcher Stanley D. , Peairs Frank B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments were applied on 13 Jun ‘85 to 10 to 14-inch center-pivot irrigated corn. Plots were 100-ft single rows arranged in a randomized complete block design. Granular materials were applied through 7-inch spreaders held 4 inches above the whorl. Liquids were directed at the base of the plants with a CO2 single-nozzle sprayer calibrated o deliver 45 gal per acre at 30 psi. Following application, all plots were cultivated with an Alloway cultivator (Danish tines and 6-inch shovels). Treatments were evaluated on 17 Jul ‘85 by digging 10 consecutive plants from each plot and rating root system damage on the Iowa 1-6 scale (1 = no damage, 6 = 3 nodes of roots lost).
Evaluation of Early-Season Insecticide Applications for Boll Weevil Control in Cotton, 1978
Authors: Benedict J. H. , Treacy M. F. , Segers J. C. , Schmidt K. M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A field study was conducted on a commercial farm near Edroy, TX, to evaluate the effectiveness of selected insecticides for control of boll weevils and fleahoppers. Four treatments and an untreated were compared in 16-row by 100-ft plots of cotton planted 9 Mar on 38 inch rows. Treatments were replicated 5 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied beginning at the matchhead square stage on 9 and 17 May. Applications were made with a high-clearance spray machine. Efficacy of the insecticides was evaluated by: (1) collecting fleahoppers and beneficial arthropods from a 20-ft section of row in each plot with a D-Vac suction machine, and (2) inspecting 50 squares in each plot for boll weevil damage. Seed cotton for yield analysis was hand-harvested from 13-ft sections of row in each plot.
Orthene as a Systemic Soil Insecticide for Fleahopper Control, 1979
Authors: Benedict J. H. , Segers J. C. , Maher B. R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A field study was conducted at the Texas A&M Agricultural Research and Extension Center at Corpus Christi to determine the efficacy of acephate applied at different rates and formulations to control cotton fleahopper. Cotton was planted 6 Apr in 38-inch rows, one month later than normal to insure intense fleahopper pressure during squaring. Plots were 4 rows wide by 40 ft long with each treatment replicated 6 times in a randomized complete block design. The soil type was Victoria sandy clay loam. Shortly after planting, the 0.125 lb (AI)/acre and 0.25 lb (AI)/acre 10G slow release acephate granules, and 0.25 lb (AI)/acre 5G fast release acephate granules were applied in the bed 3-inches below the soil surface and 4 inches to the side of the seed row. On 30 May (6th true leaf, pinhead square), the foliar application of 0.25 lb (AI)/acre Orthene 75S was applied with a backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver four gal of solution/acre in a 20-inch wide band. Bollworms and fleahoppers were sampled on 22 and 30 May, 11 and 21 Jun, and 2 Jul. Blooms were counted daily in 6.8 ft of row per plot for 21 days starting on 10 Jun. Beneficial insects were sampled utilizing a D-Vac suction machine on a 20 ft2 area per plot. Seed cotton was hand-harvested from a desginated 26-ft section of row in each plot.
Seed Treatment Test with Orthene for Control of Cotton Insect Pests, 1981
Authors: Benedict J. H. , Segers J. C. , Maher B. R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A field study was conducted on Victoria sandy clay loam at the Texas A&M Agricultural Research and Extension Center at Corpus Christi, Texas to determine the efficacy of Orthene 75S as a hopperbox seed treatment for control of early season cotton pests. Test plots were planted 24 Mar, with ‘Tamcot SP-21S’, a cotton fleahopper susceptible variety. The soil type was Victoria sandy clay loam. Treatments were replicated 4 times in plots 80 ft long by 12 rows wide (0.07 acre) in a randomized complete block design. The planting rate was approximately 20 lb seed/acre. Cotton seed and Orthene 75S for each treatment were mixed dry by shaking them together in a large plastic bag prior to filling the hopperboxes.
Spray Additive Deposition Study 1985
Authors: Burris Gene , Rester Darryl C. , Clower James P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tests were conducted in Northeast LA to determine the influence of Triton CS-7 on spray coverage with aerial application. Droplet density per cm2 was used to evaluate coverage. Deposition in the cotton canopy was evaluated by placing fifteen 48-inch high deposit card holders in each of two 20-acre test plots in cotton 50-60 inches tall, planted on 40-inch rows. The holders were placed in the drill, arranged in a straight line on every 3rd row, making a 140-ft perpendicular collection area to the direction of the aircraft. Krome kote cards were attached at ground level, 20 inches mid-canopy, and 48 inches above ground. A 0.33% Agmark P2 dye was added to the treatments for a droplet marker. Deposition analysis for a clear open area, was made at the airport. Cards were placed at ground level, 2 ft on center from 80 ft right and left of the flight line for swath testing. Swath tests were made with and without Triton CS-7. The test airplane was an Ag Cat A (39 ft 1 inch Wingspan, 600HP) equipped with 22 D6-46 and 23 D-46 disc and core nozzles that were turned straight down and operated at 20 psi. Computed finished spray rate was 2.25 gal/acre, airspeed 115 mph. The swath tests and canopy tests were made 8 Aug. Insecticide performance data were collected from the test field during regular season applications made on 12 Jul, 17 Jul, 20 Jul, and 8 Aug.
Chemical Control of Thrips, 1985
Authors: Graham L. C. , Gaylor M. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A field evaluation of insecticides to control thrips on cotton was conducted on sandy loam soil at the Plant Breeding Unit of Auburn University, Tallassee, AL. Cotton was planted on 14 May in 40-inch rows. Eleven treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Plots were 4 rows × 50 ft with 25-ft alleys between blocks. The hopper box treatment was applied to seed just prior to planting. Granular treatments were placed in the furrow at planting. Spray treatments were applied with a high clearance sprayer at the rate of 9.7 gal/acre (3.5 mph, 50 psi, 2 Teejet™ TX6 nozzles/row). Foliar applications were applied on 13 Jun. Data were collected from drop cloth samples taken from 6 row-ft of the middle 2 rows of each plot on 13 and 17 Jun.
Early Season Cotton Insect Control, 1984
Authors: Lentz Gary L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Stoneville 825’ variety cotton was planted 10 May on a Grenada silt loam at the West Tenn. Exp. Stn., Jackson, TN. One-row plots (40-inch spacing) were 30 ft long. Treatments were replicated 6 times in a randomized complete block design. All seed was commercially treated with 2 fungicides. Ten pounds of Terraclor Super-X per acre was applied in-furrow. Foliar sprays were applied 4 Jun at 4.6 gal of spray per acre (3 mph, 40 psi) with a hand-held CO2 pressurized B&G spray system. Pre- and posttreatment thrips and aphid counts were made by pulling 4 seedling plants from each row and placing these in a pt jar. The jars were returned to the laboratory where the plants were beaten over a large funnel. Insects were collected under the funnel in 70% alcohol. Posttreatment counts were made 11 Jun.
Apple, Insecticide Evaluation, 1985
Authors: Hogmire Henry W. , Crim Larry 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Insecticides were applied to 4 single-tree plots of 33-year-old trees in a randomized block desgn. Applications were made with a Swanson DA400PT024 airblast sprayer which traveled at 3.86 k/hr and delivered 2805 1/ha at the delayed dormant and pre-pink stages, and 935 I/ha for the remainder of the season. Dates of application were 8 Apr [delayed dormant (DD)], 13 Apr [pre-pink (PP)1, 6 May [petal fall (PF)], 20 May [first cover (1C)], 3 Jun [second cover (2C)], 17 Jun [third cover (3C)], 3 Jul [fourth cover (4C)], 17 Jul [fifth cover (5C)], 1 and 2 Aug [sixth cover (6C)], 21 Aug [seventh cover (7C)], 3 Sep [eighth cover (8C)]. Other materials applied separately to all treatments were Benlate, Captan, Dikar, Dithane M-45, Dithane Z-78, Solubor, Streptomycin and Topsin-M. Treatment effectiveness was determined for AA by counting infested leaves on 10 top terminals and aphids/most infested leaf/terminal for each tree. Effect of treatments on ERM was determined by sampling 25 leaves from the periphery of each tree, removing mites with a mite-brushing machine and counting active stages with a binocular microscope. Treatment effect on Stethorus punctum was determined by counting adults and larvae on the periphery of test trees observed during a 3-minute period. Control of STLM was evaluated by counting mines observed in 5 min while walking around the periphery of each tree. The effect of treatments on WALH was determined by counting nymphs found on 25 leaves selected from the periphery of each tree. Treatment effectiveness on fruit feeding insects was determined by scoring for injury 400 apples per treatment (100/replication) plus all fallen apples sampled on 24 Sep.
Control of Cotton Bollworm and Tobacco Budworm in Cotton with Chemical Insecticides, 1984
Authors: Lorenz Gus , Gary Debra , Luttrell R. G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A full season study was conducted at the Plant Science Research Farm of the Mississippi Agriculture and Forestry Experiment Station, Mississippi State, MS. Plots were planted to ‘Stoneville 825’ on 7 Jun. All treatments were replicated 4 times and arranged in a randomized complete block design. Each plot was 4 rows (38-inch rows) by 50 ft with 2 buffer rows between plots. Insecticides were applied with a boom-type sprayer calibrated to deliver 6.1 gal/acre total volume at 30 psi through 2 TX-4 nozzles per row. Treatments were applied 26 Jul, 2 Aug, 14 Aug and 19 Aug. All plots were sprayed for boll weevil suppression on 31 Aug, 12 and 20 Sep and 28 Sep and 3 Oct with Guthion 2L (0.25 lb (AI)/acre). Insect populations and plant damage were monitored on 27 Jul, 16 and 21 Aug by making 5-ft whole plant counts in each plot. Yield data were taken on 21 Nov by mechanically harvesting the center 2 rows of each plot.
Insecticide Combinations Trials, 1985
Authors: Luttrell R. G. , Bell M. , Reed J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Sixteen insecticide combinations were compared with single insecticide applications in a randomized complete block design with 5 replications at the Plant Science Research Farm, Mississippi State University, Starkeville, MS. Plots were 1 rows (38-inch centers) by 50 ft with 2 untreated rows between plots. Applications were made by spray tractor with 2 Teejet 4X nozzles per row calibrated to obtain 6.5 gal/acre. All plots were oversprayed as follows (rates are lb (AI)/acre): 5 Jun (Orthene, 0.33); 30 Jul, 3 and 9 Aug (Guthion, 0.25); 21 Aug (Guthion, 0.25 + Pay-off, 0.06 + Fundal, 0.125); 23 Aug (Guthion, 0.25); 27 Aug (Guthion, 0.25 + Cymbush, 0.06 + Fundal, 0.125 + Bidrin, 0.2); 30 Aug (Guthion, 0.25 + Cymbush, 0.06 + Fundal 0.25). Cotton was scouted by randomly examining 25 terminals and 25 squares per plot within the center 2 rows on 14 Aug. The center 2 rows were mechanically harvested 17-18 Oct.
Cereal Leaf Beetle Control in Spring Oats, 1985
Authors: McPherson Robert M. , Hynson Teresa P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two insecticidal treatments were evaluated to determine their efficacy in controlling cereal leaf beetle larvae in spring-planted oats. Insecticides were applied at peak oviposition on May 7 at the Russell Settle Farm near Warsaw, VA. A randomized block design was utilized with 4 replications. Individual plots were 12 × 50 feet with 3-foot alleys. Each spray concentrate was applied to the oat foliage with a CO2 compressed air sprayer at 22 psi with Flat Fan, Tee Jet AL8002 nozzles that delivered 11.7 gal of finished formulation per acre. The efficacy of individual treatments was determined 1-, 3-, 7-, and 14-days after application by inspecting whole plants for the presence of live larvae per 10 culms. The leaf area and percent defoliation of the flag, second, and third leaves was determined on Jun 4 by clipping whole plants and immediately measuring each leaf with a Li-Cor LI-3000 area meter. The 2 center rows of each plot were harvested for yield estimates, which were adjusted to 14% moisture.
Control of Corn Earworms and Fall Armyworms on Peanuts in Alabama, 1985
Authors: Spurgeon D. W. , Mack T. P. , Backman C. B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The test was conducted on peanuts planted at the Auburn Univ. Wiregrass Agric. Expt. Substn. at Headland, AL. Four replicates of 6 treatments and an untreated were arranged in a randomized complete block design. Each plot was 4 rows wide (36-inch row spacing) and 40 ft long. Plots were separated from each other by a two-row mowed alley, and replicates were separated by a 10-ft mowed alley. Treatments were applied on 18 Jul, at peanut growth stage R-4, with a tractor-mounted boom sprayer equipped with one TX-12 hollow cone nozzle per row. The sprayer was operated at 60 psi, delivering 15 gal/acre. Insect populations were sampled by laying a 36-inch rod on the ground between 2 rows, beating the plants of both rows, and counting the insects on the ground. CEW and FAW larvae were recorded as small (&lt;0.2 inch), medium (0.2 to 0.5 inch), and large (&lt;0.5 inch). Two samples per plot were taken at 1 day pretreatment and 3 samples per plot were taken at 4, 7, 15, and 19 days posttreatment, with all samples being taken from the middle 2 rows of each plot.
Lesser Cornstalk Borer Control in Grain Sorghum, 1984
Authors: Cheshire J. M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Insecticide-treated and untreated sorghum seed were planted (32-inch row spacing) on 24 Aug in Spalding Co, GA. The test was arranged in a randomized complete block experimental design with 4 replicates. The soil type was a Cecil loamy clay. Materials other than seed treatments were applied to appropriate plots 3 days later (5 days prior to seedling emergence). Lorsban 4E was applied in a 7-inch band over the row with a 2-gal hand sprayer equipped with a pressure gauge and a cone nozzle. Thel iquid was applied at 20 gal/acre at 30 psi, and application speed was regulated with a stopwatch. Granular formulations were applied in a 7-inch band over the row with a hand pushed granular applicator. Partial incorporation of banded materials was attained by lightly spreading soil from the edge of the rows over the treated bands. Data were collected from 2-row × 26-ft plots which were separated on each side by a border row which received the same treatment. The numbers of healthy and lesser cornstalk borer (LCB) damaged plants were counted in each plot 15 and 45 days after planting. Each plant with LCB damage was identified by characteristic damage symptoms (dead or dying central whorl, or complete wilting) and also by the presence of LCB larvae or their silken feeding tubes which extend laterally in the soil from plant bases.
Chemical Control of Sorghum Midge On Sorghum, 1985
Authors: Fitt Johnny R. , Teetes George L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Sorghum was planted 6 May on rows spaced 40 inches apart. A mixture of sorghum hybrids with different maturity ranges was used to increase and maintain midge density. Twelve rows of the mixed hybrids were planted on 2 Apr; 4 rows on each side of the experimental plot area and 4 rows through the middle of the test area. Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design and treatments replicated 4 times. Treatment plots were 10 rows wide and 80 ft long with a 4-ft alley between blocks. Plots were bordered in front and back by a 40-ft untreated buffer area. The inner 6 rows of each plot were treated with a high-clearance self-propelled sprayer calibrated to deliver 4 gal of solution per acre through two TX-3 hollow cone nozzles per row at 42 psi and 4 mph Applications were begun on 4 Jul when approximately 20% of the panicles were flowering. Three applications of each insecticide were made at 5 day intervals. The sorghum received 0.1 inch of rain immediately following the first application. Counts of adult midge density levels were made the day before each treatment. Adult midge density was determined by securing a plastic bag around individual panicles, clipping the panicles, and examining them in the laboratory for midges. Midge density prior to treatment was based on midge numbers on 25 panicles per replication. Midge density for the remaining 2 applications was based on adults per 5 panicles per plot.
Evaluation of Insecticides Against Fall Armyworm in Sorghum Whorls, 1984
Authors: Pendley A. F. , Gardner W. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots measuring 3 rows (32-inch centers) by 20 ft, with 2 border rows between plots, were planted near Griffin, Ga on 28 Jun ‘84 and arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Treatments were applied on 2 Aug in 50 gal of water per acre with a hand-operated compressed-air sprayer using 32 psi. Larvae were sampled before treatment and on days 1, 2, 3 and 7 after treatment by removing and bagging 5 randomly selected plants from each plot. These samples were returned to the laboratory on ice and dissected to count larvae.
Control of Soybean Pests Using Mavrik® at Various Rates in 1984
Authors: Andrews Gordon L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This test was conducted at White Sands Unit of the South Mississippi Branch Station of the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station in Poplarville, MS. Soybean plots consisting of 6 rows 50 feet long were planted 5 Jun. Four of the 6 rows were used as the test plot, the other 2 rows were unsprayed border rows. Plots were eplicated 4 times by a randomized completed block design. Mean number of arthropods were estimated by 25 sweeps of a 15-inch sweep net in each plot. Net samples were transferred to paper bags and killed. These samples were counted under laboratory conditions. Insecticide applications were made on 29 Aug with a Hi-boy delivering 5 gal total volume/acre using CO2 as a propellent. Approximately 2 h after the last treatment was applied a 1.96 inches rain was recorded. The treatments were applied in the same order as listed in the tables (i.e. Ambush® was applied last and iiad the shortest drying interval).
Apple, Miticide Evaluations, 1985
Authors: Horsburgh R. L. , Cobb L. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments were applied to mature ‘Red Delicious’ trees using single tree plots arranged in a randomized block design and replicated 4 times. Trees were sprayed to runoff using a Bean 35 gal/min hydraulic sprayer operating at 400 psi. DPX Y5893, Apollo, Carzol and Kelthane were applied on 26 Apr (pink). ABG-6162 was applied on 13 May and the Omite treatments on 24 Jun. Mites and eggs were counted by randomly selecting 25 leaves per replicate, brushing onto glass plates with a modified Henderson-McBurnie brushing machine and counting all motile forms and viable eggs with a binocular microscope. SP populations were evaluated by counting all adults and larva found in a 3-min search of each tree.