bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ubiquitous and Increasing Ferric Iron on Lunar Surface Revealed by Chang’E-5 Samples
Authors: Xian Haiyang , Zhu Jianxi , Yang Yiping , Li Shan , Lin Xiaoju , Xi Jiaxin , Xing Jieqi , Wu Xiao , Yang Hongmei , Zhou Qin , Tsuchiyama Akira , He Hongping , Xu Yigang 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Though ferric iron indisputably exists on the highly reduced Moon, its formation mechanism and evolution have yet to be disclosed. Here we show that micrometeorite impact-induced ferrous disproportionation could produce a large amount of ferric iron (average Fe3+/∑Fe > 0.4) in agglutinate melts returned by Chang’e-5 mission. The disproportionation reaction synchronously generated nanophase metallic iron (npFe0), a dominant formation pathway of npFe0 within the lunar agglutinate glass. The discovery of the disproportionation reaction in the agglutinates suggests that much more Fe3+ could be ubiquitously present on the Moon than previously thought, and its abundance is progressively increasing with micrometeoroid impacts.
The Importance of Gravity Vector on Adult Mammalian Organisms: Effects of Hyper-Gravity on Mouse Testis
Authors: Bonetto Valentina , Magnelli Valeria , Sabbatini Maurizio , Caprì Flavia , Tavella Sara , Masini Maria Angela 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In the time of space explorations, the effect of hyper-gravity on the human physiology is a topic relatively neglected. Nevertheless, astronauts have several experiences of hyper-gravity during their mission. The main disturbance of altered gravity can be imputed to cell cytoskeleton alteration and physiologic homeostasis of the body. Testis has been revealed to be an organ particularly sensible, to be affected by environmental alteration and physiological disturbance. This makes testis an organ eligible for investigating the alteration following exposure to altered gravity. In our study, mice were exposed to hypergravity (3g for 14 days) in Large Diameter Centrifuge. We have observed morphological alteration of the regular architecture of the seminiferous tubules of testis as well as an altered expression of factors involved in junctional complexes of Sertoli cells, responsible to assure the morpho-functional integrity of the organ. The expression of key receptors in the physiological performance, such as Androgen Receptors and Interstitial Cells Stimulating Hormone (ICSH) receptors have been found lower expressed. All these findings indicate the occurrence of altered physiological performance of the organ such as the reduction of the spermatozoa number and an altered relationships with the endocrine physiology following hypergravity exposure.
Rectifying disorder of extracellular matrix to suppress urethral stricture by protein nanofilm-controlled drug delivery from urinary catheter
Authors: Juanhua Tian , Delai Fu , Liu Yongchun , Yibing Guan , Miao Shuting , Chen Ke , Shanlong Huang , Zhang Yanfeng , Xue Li , Tie Chong , Yang Peng 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Urethral stricture, which afflicts both patients and urologists, involves excessive deposition of extracellular matrix in the submucosal and periurethral tissues. Although various anti-fibrotic drugs have been applied to urethral stricture by irrigation or submucosal injection, their clinical feasibility and effectiveness are limited. To prevent stricture after endoscopic therapy, urethroplasty, and traumatic catheterization, we designed a protein-based nanofilm-controlled drug delivery system and assembled it on the catheter to target inordinate extracellular matrix deposition. This approach is simple to manufacture and simultaneously integrates excellent anti-biofilm property into a urinary catheter in one step. Stable and controlled drug delivery over tens of days ensures optimal efficacy and negligible side effects. Anti-fibrotic catheters maintain extracellular matrix homeostasis by reducing fibroblast-derived collagen production and enhancing metalloproteinase 1-induced collagen degradation in a rabbit model of urethral injury, resulting in the greatest improvement in lumen stenosis than other topical therapies for urethral stricture prevention. Such biocompatible coating with antibacterial contamination and sustained-drug-release functionality could also be an advanced paradigm for a range of biomedical applications.
Retrospective evaluation of association between hypertension and clinical, and physical findings of covid-19 infected patients
Authors: Aslanbeigi Fatemeh , Rahimi Habiballah , Malekipour Adeleh , Pahlevani Hamed , Najafizadeh Maedeh , Kashani Hamed Haddad 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
The sudden outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19), which originated from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV2) infection, has recently become an international public health emergency. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical symptoms and physical findings in both hypertensive and non-hypertensive patients infected with covid-19.
Methods
Retrospective observational study with diagnosis of corona-induced pneumonia by laboratory-confirmed test was conducted on 280 consecutive unselected patients. The demographics, laboratory, and clinical findings data were extracted from the hospital registry database.
Results
Of our two hundred and eighty patients in the study, there were 70 men (47%) and the male-female ratio was 1.17:1 and 138 (50%) were older than 60 years (mean = 67.75), and also 50 in-hospital deaths occurred (mortality rate, 17%). totally 19(6.9%) were taking tobacco, opioid, and weed. There were no significant differences in the percentages of fever, cough, sputum production, gastrointestinal symptoms, muscle ache, and headache in the both hypertensive and non-hypertensive groups. The prevalence of underlying diseases was significantly higher in older patients in comparison with younger ones (p-value = 0 < 0.05), Clinical worsening was higher in patients with hypertension relative to patients with average blood pressure (P-value = 0 < 0.05).
Conclusion
The most common comorbidities in several reports was hypertension. People with high blood pressure are also slightly more likely to experience poor prognosis and even higher rate of mortality.in the other hand, hypertension may have associated with higher risk of severe or fatal COVID-19 disease.
Transcriptomic differences between fibrotic and non-fibrotic testicular tissue reveal possible key players in Klinefelter syndrome-related testicular fibrosis
Authors: Willems Margo , Olsen Catharina , Caljon Ben , Vloeberghs Veerle , De Schepper Jean , Tournaye Herman , Saen Dorien Van , Goossens Ellen 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: Klinefelter syndrome (KS; 47,XXY) affects 1-2 in 1000 males. Most KS men suffer from an early germ cell loss and testicular fibrosis from puberty onwards. Mechanisms responsible for these processes remain unknown. Previous genomics studies on KS tissue focused on germ cell loss, while a transcriptomic analysis focused on testicular fibrosis has not yet been performed. This study aimed to identify factors involved in the fibrotic remodelling of KS testes by analysing the transcriptome of (non-)fibrotic testicular tissue.Material and methods: RNA sequencing was performed to compare the genetic profile of testicular samples with (KS and testis atrophy) and without (Sertoli cell-only syndrome and fertile controls) fibrosis (n=5, each). Additionally, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between KS and testis atrophy samples were studied to reveal KS-specific fibrotic genes. DEGs were considered significant when p<0.01 and log2FC>2. Next, downstream analyses (GO and KEGG) were performed. Lastly, RNA scope was performed to validate the results.Results: The first analysis (fibrotic vs non-fibrotic) resulted in 734 significant DEGs (167 up- and 567 down-regulated). Genes involved in the extracellular structure organization (e.g. VCAM1) were found upregulated. KEGG analysis showed an up-regulation of genes involved in the TGF-β pathway.The KS vs TA analysis resulted in 539 significant DEGs (59 up- and 480 down-regulated). Chronic inflammatory response genes were found upregulated. The overlap of X-linked DEGs from the two analyses revealed three genes: matrix-remodelling associated 5 (MXRA5), doublecortin (DCX) and variable charge X-Linked 3B (VCX3B). RNA in situ hybridization showed an overexpression of VCAM1, MXRA5 and DCX within the fibrotic group compared with the non-fibrotic group.Conclusion: In this study, DEGs between fibrotic and non-fibrotic tissue were first compared, revealing fibrotic genes, including VCAM1. Secondly, DEGs between KS and TA samples were studied and the analysis revealed KS-specific, fibrotic genes. When comparing X-linked genes of the first analysis (fibrotic versus non-fibrotic) with those of the second analysis (KS versus TA), KS-related X-linked fibrotic genes were revealed, i.e. MXRA5, DCX and VCX3B. Their potential role in KS-related testicular fibrosis needs further study.
Three-dimensional evaluation of postsurgical stability of Surgery-first approach in Skeletal Class III patients with two-jaw surgery and maxillary premolar extraction and study of the influencing factors.
Authors: Jiang Yi-ran , Yang Zhong-peng , Qi Yu-han , Peng Jia-le , Liu Xiao-jing , Li Zi-li , Fan Yi , Han Bing , Chen Gui , Xu Tian-min , Jiang Ruo-ping 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Objectives to evaluate three-dimensional postsurgical stability of surgery-first approach with 2-jaw surgery and maxillary premolar extraction in skeletal class III patients and excavate factors influencing the relapse. Material and methods 24 patients were enrolled in this prospective cohort study. Serial cone-beam computer tomography images were superimposed and measured the surgical stability at the presurgical examination, 1 week, 3 month, 6 month and 12 month postoperatively. Patients were grouped by the amount of mandible sagittal relapse(stable group, n = 8; highly unstable group, n = 7). Skeletal and dental morphological variables, the amount of surgical changes, and orthodontic-related variables were compared between groups and analyzed for correlations with postsurgical stability. Results Considerable amount of pronation relapse on mandible were within three month postoperatively. The maxilla remained clinically stable. The coronoid process height, posterior maxillary height, the mandibular setback, distal segment intraoperative rotation and the amount maxillary second molar orthodontic intrusion showed significant difference between groups. The above variables, mandibular height, occlusal vertical dimension, and the mandibular and anterior maxillary intraoperative descent were significantly correlated with postoperative instability. Conclusions Mandibular pronation relapse mainly in the first three months after surgery.The maxilla postsurgical position is clinically stable. The factors for instability in the surgery-first approach include a longer coronoid process, longer facial height, a wider occlusal vertical dimension, greater surgical setback and descent, and more maxillary second molar intrusion. Clinical relevance Results can provide reference for patient selection, surgical planning and preoperative dental alignment stimulation for surgery-first approach. Trial Registration ChiCTR2200055787
Ethiopic Characters Recognition Model using Deep Learning
Authors: Malhotra Ruchika , Addis Maru Tesfaye 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose:-Many approaches have been developed to recognize different writing scripts, most of which focus on Latin scripts. However, in the Ethiopic script unavailability of readymade datasets and the attempts of a few studies show that the script requires further investigation by applying different recognition techniques. In addition, image quality degradation and numerous characters in the alphabet are other major problems with Ethiopic-script documents. In this study, a convolutional neural network-based character recognition model for Ethiopic character recognition is proposed. The contribution of this work is the development of a character recognition model using a convolutional neural network. Method:-The model is designed using seven convolutional layers, four max-pooling layers, and two fully connected layers. Automatic features are extracted from each cropped 28 by 28 images using convolutional and max-pooling layers to prepare for recognition. Results:-The proposed model is trained and tested with customized datasets and achievement of accuracy 97%, which is a promising recognition result of the script. Conclusion:-In future works, the dataset should include all the letters, punctuation marks, and symbols found in Ethiopic scripts for both printed and handwritten text and increase the dataset size for different deep learning algorithms to get better results.
Production of mouse offspring from zygotes fertilized with freeze-dried spermatids
Authors: Wakayama Sayaka , Ito Daiyu , Ooga Masatoshi , Wakayama Teruhiko 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Recently, mice have been produced from Freeze-drying (FD) somatic cells by nuclear transfer, but the success rate was very low compared to FD spermatozoa. Since spermatozoa, unlike somatic cells, are haploid cell and their nuclei were hardened by protamine, it is unclear which is responsible for tolerance to FD treatment. Here, we attempt to produce offspring from FD spermatid, a haploid sperm progenitor cell, but nuclei were not yet replaced by protamine as same as somatic cells. We developed the method to collect FD spermatids from testicular suspension. When FD spermatids were injected into oocytes, healthy offspring were obtained, despite the significantly reduced success rate compared to FD spermatozoa. Offspring were also obtained from FD spermatids derived from immature male mice, which have not yet produced spermatozoa. These results indicate that nuclear protaminization, rather than haploid nuclei, is the key process responsible for tolerance to FD treatment.
Passive symmetry breaking of the space-time propagation in cavity dissipative solitons
Authors: Parshani Idan , Bello Leon , Meller Mallachi , Pe'er Avi 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Dissipative solitons are fundamental wave-pulses that preserve their form in the presence of periodic loss and gain. The canonical realization of dissipative solitons is Kerr-lens mode locking (KLM) in lasers, which delicately balance nonlinear and linear propagation in both time and space to generate ultrashort optical pulses. This linear-nonlinear balance dictates a unique pulse energy, which cannot be increased (say by elevated pumping), indicating that excess energy is expected to be radiated in the form of dispersive or diffractive waves. Here we show that KLM lasers can overcome this expectation. Specifically, by breaking the spatial symmetry between the forward and backward halves of the round-trip in a linear cavity, the laser can modify the soliton in space to incorporate the excess energy. Increasing the pump power leads therefore to a different soliton solution, rather than to dispersive / diffractive loss. We predict the symmetry breaking by a complete numerical simulation of the spatio-temporal dynamics in the cavity, and confirm it experimentally in a KLM Ti:Sapphire laser with quantitative agreement to the simulation. The simulation opens a window to directly observe the nonlinear space-time dynamics that molds the soliton pulse, and possibly to optimize it.
Characterization of an Austenitic Stainless Steel Preform Deposited by Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing
Authors: de Souza Lídia Beatriz Oliveira , Santos Maria Ruth Neponucena , Garcia Regina Paula , Fernandes Diandro Bailoni , Vilarinho Louriel Oliveira 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This work aimed to evaluate the chemical composition, microstructure and mechanical and electrochemical behavior of the 316L stainless steel manufactured by WAAM, comparing it with a sample of the same alloy in the annealed condition. The results indicate that the use of ER316LSi wire produces a component with chemical composition equivalent to the conventional 316L alloy. However, the microstructure of the deposited material is different with the presence of ferrite in an austenitic matrix. Two regions whose microstructure had different morphologies were also identified. In the region close to the fusion line between the deposited layers, the austenite grains are smaller, with a higher concentration of ferrite, causing an increase in microhardness in this region, when compared to the region more at the center of each layer. The WAAM process caused a decrease in the mechanical strength properties of the alloy, however it still meets the minimum requirements for most industrial applications required for the material studied. The electrochemical results in simulated seawater solution indicate that the corrosion resistance of the deposited sample is similar to that of the conventional specimen, with the potential for the passivating layer of the first to be superior to that of the second.
A novel bio-inspired strategy to prevent amyloidogenesis and synaptic damage in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Fede Giuseppe Di , Catania Marcella , Colombo Laura , Sorrentino Stefano , Cagnotto Alfredo , Lucchetti Jacopo , Barbagallo Maria , Vannetiello Ilaria , Vecchi Elena , Favagrossa Monica , Costanza Massimo , Giaccone Giorgio , Salmona Mario , Tagliavini Fabrizio 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an irreversible neurodegenerative disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. AD pathogenesis is intricate. It primarily involves two main molecular players – amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau - which actually have an intrinsic trend to generate molecular assemblies that are toxic to neurons. Incomplete knowledge of the molecular mechanisms inducing the onset and sustaining the progression of the disease, as well as the lack of valid models to fully recapitulate the pathogenesis of human disease, have until now hampered the development of a successful therapy for AD. The overall experience with clinical trials with a number of potential drugs – including the recent outcomes of studies with monoclonal antibodies against Aβ – seems to indicate that Aβ-targeting is not effective if it is not accompanied by an efficient challenge of Aβ neurotoxic properties. We took advantage from the discovery of a naturally-occurring variant of Aβ (AβA2V) that has anti-amyloidogenic properties, and designed a novel bio-inspired strategy for AD based on the intranasal delivery of a six-mer peptide (Aβ1-6A2V) retaining the anti-amyloidogenic abilities of the full-length AβA2V variant. This approach turned out to be effective in preventing the aggregation of wild type Aβ and averting the synaptic damage associated with amyloidogenesis in a mouse model of AD. The results of our preclinical studies inspired by a protective model already existing in nature, that is the human heterozygous AβA2V carriers which seem to be protected from AD, open the way to an unprecedented and promising approach for the prevention of the disease in humans.
Classification of breast lesions on DCE-MRI Data Using Fine-tuned MobileNet
Authors: Meng Ming-Zhu , Zhang Ming , He Guang-Yuan , Shen Dong , Wang Long 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: Early and rapid diagnosis of breast cancer is very important. Traditional method for detecting and diagnosing breast cancer may lead to a false positive or negative result. Presently, most of the deep learning models used in breast cancer detection prevents their use on mobile phones or low-configuration devices. This study intends to evaluate the capability of MobileNetV1 and MobileNetV2 and their fine-tuned models to differentiate malignant from benign lesions in breast dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI).Methods: The diagnostic efficiencies of MobileNetV1_False(V1_False), MobileNetV1_True (V1_True), MobileNetV2_False(V2_False) and MobileNetV2_True(V2_True) were tested and evaluated under the same program architecture and dataset (2124 images in benign group and 2226 images in malignant group). A relatively optimal model was selected (with the highest accuracy in the training set and test set), and two fine-tuning strategies (S0 and S1) were used to modify it. The accuracy (Ac) of different models in the training and test sets, as well as the precision (Pr), recall rate (Rc), f1 score(f1) and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), were taken as the performance indicators. Results: The Ac of V1_True (0.9815) was higher than those of V1_False (0.9749), V2_False (0.9672) and V2_True (0.9699). Overfitting were observed in all models. Pr, Rc, f1 and AUC of V1_True were 0.79,0.73,0.74 and 0.74, respectively, they were higher than those of V1_False (0.77,0.73,0.73 and 0.73), V2_False (0.74,0.65,0.66 and 0.65) and V2_True (0.76,0.67,0.68 and 0.67).Conclusion: The MobileNetV1_True model can differentiate between benign and malignant breast lesions on breast DCE-MRI. Future work is necessary to improve the generalization capability of the proposed method.
New calculation of calorie content and determining nutritional level from day-to-day intake of food using Image Processing
Authors: .J Roopa Jayasingh , B Nagajayanthi , Neebha Mary , Sagayam Martin , Elngar Ahmed A. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
One of the most urgent necessities of all individuals is food. Nowadays people mainly focus on diet because of diabetes, and obesity problems. When we have a healthy diet, it leads to a healthy life span. So, this paper gives a solution for this type of common problem. In this paper, we calculate nutritionally and calorie content utilizing image processing, display in the food segmentation and classification process, etc. This is very useful for dieticians despite the reality Ordinary people can benefit from this as well by manipulating their routine food patterns.