bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Function and longevity of renal grafts from high‐KDPI donors
Authors: Molinari Michele , Kaltenmeier Christof , Liu Hao , Ashwat Eishan , Jorgensen Dana , Puttarajappa Chethan , Wu Christine M. , Mehta Rajil , Sood Puneet , Shah Nirav , Sharma Akhil , Thompson Ann , Reddy Dheera , Hariharan Sundaram 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundHigh kidney‐donor profile index (KDPI) kidneys have a shorter survival than grafts with lower KDPI values. It is still unclear, however, whether their shorter longevity depends on an inferior baseline function, faster functional decline, or the combination of both.MethodsWe analyzed the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 605 consecutive recipients of deceased donor kidney transplants (KT) at 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, and 60 months. Comparisons were performed among four groups based on KDPI quartile: Group I‐KDPI ≤ 25% (n = 151), Group II‐KDPI 26–50% (n = 182), Group III‐KDPI 51–75% (n = 176), and Group IV‐KDPI 〉 75% (n = 96). Linear mixed model analysis was subsequently used to assess whether KDPI was independently associated with the decline in eGFR during the first 5‐years after KT. We also analyzed the incidence of delayed graft function (DGF), rejection within the first year after KT, patient survival, graft survival, and death censored graft survival based on KDPI group.FindingsHigh‐KDPI grafts had lower eGFR immediately after KT, had a higher incidence of DGF and rejection. However, there were no signifcant differences in the adjusted rate (slope) of decline in eGFR among the four KDPI groups (P = .06). Although patient survival was signigicantly lower for recipients of high‐KDPI grafts, death‐censored graft survival was similar among the four KDPI groups (P = .33).ConclusionsThe shorter functional survival of high‐KDPI grafts seems to be due to their lower baseline eGFR rather than a more rapid functional decline after KT.
Cytomorphological spectrum of solitary fibrous tumour: revisited
Authors: Shastri Malvika , Gupta Nalini , Dey Pranab , Srinivasan Radhika , Radotra BishanDass 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundSolitary fibrous tumour (SFT) is a tumour of mesenchymal origin. Its diagnosis on cytology is challenging, owing to variation in cellularity, sparsely distributed cellular and stromal components. Cytomorphological findings for this type of tumour have rarely been described in the literature—only a few case reports and the occasional case series have been presented thus far. We present the cytomorphological features of SFT with special emphasis on immunochemical findings.Materials and MethodsWe present cytological data from eight cases of histopathologically proven SFTs. The cytomorphological features, immunochemical markers and differential diagnostic entities on fine needle aspiration cytology are discussed.ResultsFine needle aspiration was performed at various anatomical sites. Cytology smears showed variable cellularity, with tumour cells arranged in loose clusters and as singly scattered cells. Interlacing fascicles with palisading of cells was noted. The cells were predominantly spindle to elongated, having moderate cytoplasm with elongated wavy nuclei. These nuclei had fine to coarse chromatin, with inconspicuous to prominent nucleoli. There was prominent, metachromatically staining, amorphous to fibrillary, collagenous to myxoid matrix material associated with the tumour cells. Other findings included intranuclear pseudo‐inclusions, multinucleated giant cells and atypical mitoses. Cytological diagnoses offered varied from ‘spindle cell neoplasm’ to ‘spindle cell sarcoma’ or ‘suggestive of sarcoma’. Immunocytochemistry (ICC) performed on cell block sections showed positivity for STAT6, CD34 and Bcl‐2.ConclusionCytological diagnosis of SFT can be challenging. A careful search for characteristic cytomorphological features is diagnostically helpful. The cytomorphology should be interpreted with caution, with an appropriate ICC panel, including STAT6 and CD34.
International shipping as a potent vector for spreading marine parasites
Authors: Pagenkopp Lohan Katrina M. , Darling John A. , Ruiz Gregory M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimThe global shipping fleet, the primary means of transporting goods among countries, also serves as a major dispersal mechanism for marine invasive species. To date, researchers have primarily focussed on the role of ships in transferring marine macrofauna, often overlooking transfers of associated parasites, which can have larger impacts on naïve host individuals and populations. Here, we re‐examine three previously published metabarcode datasets targeting zooplankton and protists in ships' ballast water to assess the diversity of parasites across life stages arriving to three major US ports.LocationPort of Hampton Roads in the Chesapeake Bay, Virginia; Ports of Texas City, Houston and Bayport in Galveston Bay, Texas; and Port of Valdez in Prince William Sound, Alaska.MethodsWe selected all known parasitic taxa, using sequences generated from the small subunit gene (SSU) from ribosomal RNA (rRNA) amplified from (1) zooplankton collected from plankton tows (35 and 80 μm datasets) and (2) eukaryotes collected from samples of ships' ballast water (3 μm dataset).ResultsIn all three datasets, we found a broad range of parasitic taxa, including many protistan and metazoan parasites, that infect a wide range of hosts, from teleost fish to dinoflagellates. Parasite richness was highest in the 3 μm dataset and relatively uniform across arrival regions. Several parasite taxa were found in high relative abundance (based on number of sequences recovered) either in ships entering a single or across multiple regions.Main ConclusionsThe ubiquity, diversity and relative abundance of parasites detected demonstrate ships are a potent vector for spreading marine parasites across the world's oceans, potentially contributing to reported increases in outbreaks of marine diseases. Future research is urgently needed to evaluate the fate of parasites upon arrival and the efficacy of ballast water treatment systems to reduce future transfers and colonization.
Wage returns to workplace training in Myanmar
Authors: Hansen Henrik , Kanay De S. , Rand John , Trifković Neda 
Published: July 2022

SummaryMotivationWorkplace training is an indispensable part of workforce skill development, but it is often provided irregularly and selectively in private enterprises. This is a missed opportunity given its potential to contribute to employee wellbeing and human capital development, and to boost firm performance.PurposeWe examine workplace training provision and private returns to training in Myanmar, a country with a severely constrained formal educational system and underperforming private sector.Methods and approachWe use linked employer–worker panel data from micro, small, and medium manufacturing enterprises in Myanmar. Our regression framework includes controls for production factors and other standard enterprise and owner characteristics, including employee and owner skills, and unobservable time‐invariant employee and firm heterogeneity.FindingsFirst, we document a low prevalence of training in manufacturing enterprises. Second, we find a wage premium associated with training of about 8%. Third, we show that workplace training is offered selectively to workers and how, when this is the case, the wage gap between trained and untrained workers surpasses 10%. Fourth, we find that prior training (in other firms) or certified training do not contribute to higher wages, indicating that training is largely firm‐specific. Finally, we find that the wage returns to training are particularly high for women and among the least educated workers.Policy implicationsConsidering the wage return as a lower bound of productivity gains from training, our results suggest that government support of workplace training programmes in private enterprises could help increase performance of the manufacturing sector in Myanmar. High returns to training among the least educated workers indicate that training could improve the overall income distribution in the economy.
Exercise restores endogenous H2S synthesis and mitochondrial function in the heart of old rats
Authors: Strutynska Nataliіa , Strutynskyi Ruslan , Mys Lidiia , Luchkova Alina , Korkach Yuliia , Goshovska Yulia , Chorna Snizhana , Sagach Vadym 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundAgeing is accompanied by a decrease in endogenous hydrogen sulphide (H2S) synthesis and the development of mitochondrial dysfunction. The aim of our work was to study the possible participation of exercise training‐induced regulation of endogenous H2S production in the restoration of mitochondrial function in old rats.Materials and MethodsMale rats were divided into three groups: adult, old and exercise‐trained old. Exercise training of old rats was performed for 4 weeks. The mRNA expression cystathionine‐γ‐lyase (CSE) and 3‐mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3‐MST) were determined using reverse transcription and real‐time polymerase chain reaction analysis. Mitochondrial dysfunction was determined by mPTP opening, which was investigated by spectrophotometric registration of the swelling of mitochondria isolated from the rat heart. We also studied the effect of exercise on H2S content, oxidative stress and mtNOS activity.ResultsExercise training in old animals significantly increased the expression of H2S‐synthesizing enzymes CSE and 3‐MST and restored endogenous H2S production in cardiac tissue and cardiac mitochondria to levels of adult animals. In addition, the training significantly reduced oxidative stress in old rats, in particular the rate of formation of •O2− and H2O2, diene conjugates and malondialdehyde levels in the mitochondria of the heart. Simultaneously, in the hearts of these animals, resistance of mPTP to the inducer of its opening of calcium ions was increased.ConclusionsThus, exercise training restores endogenous H2S production, and significantly reduces oxidative stress in cardiac mitochondria of old rats that are associated with the inhibition of calcium‐induced mPTP opening as an indicator of mitochondrial dysfunction.
CHA2DS2‐VASc and R2CHA2DS2‐VASc scores predict mortality in high cardiovascular risk population
Authors: D'Errico Maria Maddalena , Piscitelli Pamela , Mirijello Antonio , Santoliquido Mariateresa , Salvatori Mauro , Vigna Carlo , Vendemiale Gianluigi , Lamacchia Olga , Fontana Andrea , Copetti Massimiliano , Pontremoli Roberto , De Cosmo Salvatore A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe CHA2DS2‐VASc score, widely used to estimate cardioembolic risk in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), appears to be useful also in predicting vascular adverse events and death in different sets of patients without AF. The R2CHA2DS2‐VASc score, which includes renal impairment, allows a better prediction of death and thromboembolism in patients without AF. The aims of our study were to assess, in a large sample of patients at high cardiovascular (CV) risk, (i) the correlation between CHA2DS2‐VASc and R2CHA2DS2‐VASc with all‐cause mortality, and (ii) to compare the performances of CHA2DS2‐VASc and R2CHA2DS2‐VASc in predicting all‐cause mortality.MethodsIn this single‐centre prospective observational study, conducted at the Research Hospital ‘Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza’ between June 2016 and December 2018, 1017 CV patients at high risk of undergoing coronary angiography were enrolled.ResultsCHA₂DS₂‐VASc and R2CHA2DS2‐VASc scores significantly associated with all‐cause mortality. For each one‐point increase in CHA2DS2‐VASc or R2CHA2DS2‐VASc scores, mortality increased by almost 1.5‐fold. The R2CHA2DS2‐VASc score (C‐statistic = 0.71; 95% CI = 0.65–76) outperformed the CHA2DS2‐VASc score (C‐statistic = 0.66; 95% CI = 0.61–0.71) in predicting 4‐year mortality (delta C‐statistic = 0.05; 95% CI = 0.02–0.07). The better predictive ability of the R‐CHA2DS2‐VASc score was also demonstrated by an IDI = 0.027 (95% CI = 0.021–0.034, p < .00001) and a relative IDI = 62.8% (95% CI = 47.9%–81.3%, p < .00001). The R2CHA2DS2‐VASc score correctly reclassified the patients with a NRI = 0.715 (95% = 0.544–0.940, p < .00001).ConclusionsThe CHA₂DS₂‐VASc and R2CHA2DS2‐VASc scores are useful predictors of all‐cause mortality in subjects at high CV risk, with the R2CHA2DS2‐VASc score being the best performer.
The influence of food recommendations: Evidence from a randomized field experiment
Authors: Bookwala Kamal , Gallemore Caleb , Gómez‐Miñambres Joaquín 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe report results from a randomized field experiment conducted at two food festivals. Our primary aim is to assess the impact of two types of recommendations commonly observed in food settings: most popular and chef's choice. We find that the most popular is the only recommendation that significantly increased consumers' demand relative to a baseline without recommendations. Furthermore, we find that this effect only holds for subjects from outside the local region. Our results are consistent with previous studies indicating information on peers' choices is a powerful influence on consumers' decisions in the absence of prior knowledge.
Does higher financial inclusion lead to better health outcomes? Evidence from developing and transitional economies
Authors: Banerjee Rajabrata , Maruta Admasu Asfaw , Donato Ronald 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study critically examines the effect of financial inclusion on life expectancy and infant mortality rates, and whether the effect is conditioned by possible threshold effects determined by the degree of income inequality and poverty levels. We draw our conclusions based on 61 developing and transitional economies in the period 2011–2017. Using an aggregate hybrid financial inclusion index, we show that financial inclusion exerts a direct positive effect on health outcomes. Furthermore, the effectiveness of financial inclusion as a policy tool to achieve better health outcomes is higher in societies where poverty and income inequality are more prevalent. These are significant findings from a policy perspective as greater financial inclusion offers the scope to invest in health capital and enhances the capacity for risk management among the most vulnerable populations in the face of health shocks.
Unidirectional trichomes in rice and prickles in Andropogon virginicus protect meristems from herbivory
Authors: Karban Richard , Shiojiri Kaori , Takabayashi Junji 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMany grasses (Poaceae) defend their basal meristems with silicified trichomes, prickles, and spines. These leaf features are often unidirectional, pointing from the leaf base to the tip. They have been hypothesized to direct small herbivores away from vulnerable meristems, making grasses tolerant of the loss of leaf tissue. The aim of this study was to determine whether leaves of rice (Oryza sativa L.) and broomsedge (Andropogon virginicus L.) with silicified non‐glandular trichomes and prickles experience more chewing damage to leaf tips than to leaf bases, and whether the unidirectional leaf features were responsible for this pattern. Rice and A. virginicus leaves received 4× and 3× more chewing damage, respectively, to tips than middle sections, and 3× and 8× more damage to middle sections compared to basal sections. Removing trichomes and prickles from half of each leaf did not increase the overall frequency of damage to those leaves. However, removing silicified structures caused herbivores to increase the frequency of damage to leaf sections without trichomes and prickles, including basal leaf sections. Leaves of A. virginicus were experimentally folded in half such that the middle section was above the tip and basal sections; folded leaves received more damage to tips and bases than to middle sections. This indicates that herbivores do not choose to feed on the tallest leaf tissue but are likely influenced by the orientation of the silicified leaf features. Previous studies have shown variation in silicified structures on the leaves of many crop species. As these structures are involved in directing herbivores away from basal meristems, they should be considered as targets for crop breeding.
The incorporation of environmentally derived 87Sr/86Sr and Sr/Ca in early otolith formation of Chinook salmon
Authors: Chittaro Paul , Hegg Jens , Fuhrman Abby , Robichaux Devin , Doung Rothboury , Beckman Brian , Fisher Chris , Vervoort Jeff , Kennedy Brian 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEffective species management often requires understanding patterns of movement and habitat use. A common approach in identifying where individuals reside relies upon chemical tracers from the environment that are incorporated into an individual's tissues. For fish, isotopes in their otoliths, specifically the portion of their otolith formed during their larval stage, have been used to identify the natal origin. Complicating this work, however, is the fact that during this life stage, there is a shift in the source of isotopes deposited onto the growing otolith from maternally to environmentally derived. The objective of this study was to identify the portion of the otolith representing this transition to environmentally derived isotopes so as to accurately investigate questions of natal origin for a threatened population of fall Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). We exposed developing larvae to four treatments that differed in terms of their water strontium isotope ratio (87Sr/86Sr) and used change‐point analysis of otolith 87Sr/86Sr and strontium to calcium ratio (Sr/Ca) to identify the otolith radius corresponding to the transition to environmentally derived isotopes. Our results indicated this transition occurred, on average, at 132 μm (87Sr/86Sr; ±50 μm standard deviation) and 127 μm (Sr/Ca; ±29 μm) from the otolith core, which corresponded to the developmental time between hatching and exogenous feeding. A substantial proportion of our otoliths (i.e., 61%) did not show convergence between otolith and water 87Sr/86Sr by the end of the 113‐day experiment, which was likely due to the dietary contribution of marine‐based feed. Therefore, we were unable to recommend an otolith radius to target for the purposes of reconstructing natal origin apart from being beyond approximately 130 μm.
Melatonin has an inhibitory effect on MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231 human breast cancer cell lines by inducing autophagy and apoptosis
Authors: Önder Gözde Özge , Sezer Gülay , Özdamar Saim , Yay Arzu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe goal of this work was to see how melatonin affected Bax and Bcl‐2 expression, as well as apoptosis and autophagy, in MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cell lines, which have distinct hormonal sensitivities.In this study, to investigate the IC50 value of melatonin, varied melatonin concentrations were administered to MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cell lines. Moreover, cytotoxic activities were analyzed through MTT analysis. Five subgroups were created for both cell lines: control, IC50‐MeL, hIC50‐MeL, DMSO1, and DMSO2. To evaluate the apoptotic effect of melatonin, immunofluorescence staining methods of TUNEL, Bax, and Bcl‐2 were used, and to examine the effects of autophagy, immunofluorescence staining methods of Beclin‐1, LC3, and p62 were used.In vitro results revealed upregulation of the expression of TUNEL and Bax in both MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231 cell lines regarding dose and time, but downregulation of Bcl‐2 expression. Moreover, autophagy results were consistent with in vitro apoptosis results in both MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231 cell lines. We determined that the expressions of the autophagy markers Beclin‐1, LC3, and p62 were increased. Our findings indicate that treatment of breast cancer cells with melatonin increased the inhibitory effect of melatonin on cell growth through both apoptosis and autophagy in vitro.Consequently, it was concluded that melatonin might adjust the expression balance of markers that have a role in cell death mechanisms and significantly promote these mechanisms. Therefore, melatonin can inhibit the growth of breast cancer cells by inducing cell death.
Sexism in the silences at Australian Universities: Parental leave in name, but not in practice
Authors: Duffy Sarah , O’Shea Michelle , Bowyer Dorothea , van Esch Patrick 
Published: July 2022

AbstractUnequal distribution of child rearing and domestic responsibilities between parents contributes to gender inequity, a wicked problem in Australia. Inequitable parental leave policies at Australian public Universities place the burden of care squarely on the mother, diminishing or absenting the father. We examine how the gendered nature of the existing policies are constructed in ways that create inequities and discourage their uptake. A post‐structural feminist lens provides us with a theoretical vantage point from which this wicked problem can be problematized. We present three recommendations for enabling more equitable outcomes for parents. The first is to eradicate the punitive approach and support flexibility; second, the policies must be parental leave in name, provision and practice; and finally we recommend a minimum parental leave standard for Australian universities nationally. These findings have policy‐level significance for redressing parental leave inequity within the Australian university context. The paper concludes with theoretical contributions, practical implications, and suggestions for future research.
A political turn? New developments in Indian constitutional histories
Authors: Elangovan Arvind 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn 2019, the Indian constitution suddenly exploded into the public sphere in ways that were never seen in the life of the postcolonial republic. Narendra Modi, the Prime Minister openly bowed before an original copy of the Indian constitution after his reelection in 2019. Later in the year, however, large groups of people used the text and images of the constitution to protest controversial legislations passed by the Modi Government in streets across India. While these gestures of “deification” and vernacularization of the constitution, respectively, seemed novel, this essay argues that the provenance of these actions may well lie in the intertwined histories of the political and the constitutional in the subcontinent. By highlighting some recent works on the Indian constitution, the essay argues that this public appropriation of the constitution cannot be understood without writing political histories of the constitution. In making this claim, it also departs from conventional approaches that only seeks to write histories of the constitution as though it was always a normative document upholding ideas of fundamental rights and social justice at the expense of ignoring its embedded political power. Writing political histories, then, are important to uncover the intrinsic political power imbricated in the Indian constitution.