bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diminished body trust uniquely predicts suicidal ideation and nonsuicidal self‐injury among people with recent self‐injurious thoughts and behaviors
Authors: Gioia Ayla N. , Forrest Lauren N. , Smith April R. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionSelf‐injurious thoughts and behaviors (SITBs) are difficult to predict, and novel risk factors must be identified. While diminished interoception is associated with SITBs cross‐sectionally, the current study assesses whether multiple measures of interoception predict future SITBs.MethodsAdults (N = 43) with recent SITBs completed assessments of interoception during a baseline visit. Participants then completed biweekly assessments for 6 months in which they reported the presence and severity/frequency of suicidal ideation and nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI).ResultsMultilevel models were performed, where baseline interoceptive measures predicted presence and severity/frequency of suicidal ideation and NSSI at follow‐up. The Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness (MAIA) Trusting subscale was the only significant predictor of the presence/severity of suicidal ideation. The MAIA Trusting, Emotional Awareness, and Body Listening subscales significantly predicted the presence of NSSI. The MAIA Emotional Awareness subscale and the Body Perception Questionnaire significantly predicted NSSI frequency.DiscussionDiminished body trust predicted both suicidal ideation and NSSI, indicating a potential shared risk pathway. However, two interoception measures (Body Listening subscale and Body Perception Questionnaire) were associated with NSSI only, indicating potentially unique risk pathways. Given the differential associations between interoception measures and SITBs, results highlight the importance of clearly defining how interoception is measured.
Is science really for me? Gender differences in student attitudes toward science
Authors: Iwuanyanwu Paul Nnanyereugo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe question of whether single‐sex or co‐ed schooling has any impact on students' attitudes toward science is highly contested and warrants research from all corners of the world. This study adds to our current knowledge by investigating different attitudinal indices of Grade 9 science students (N = 356, Mage = 14.5 years) in single‐sex and co‐ed schools in terms of involvement in science instruction, enjoyment of science, value of science, engagement in practical work, influences of family, teachers, peers, and friends, interest in, and confidence for future participation in science. A total of 356 questionnaires was completed using a 43 Likert‐type attitude questionnaire, and these served as the basis for data analysis in the study. The analyses indicated a relationship between gender and school type on students' attitudes toward science across all seven attitudinal dimensions examined. The findings revealed that: (a) attitudes toward science among students from co‐ed schools were significantly lower than those of single‐sex schools (p < 0.001) and (b) compared to boys in co‐ed schools, girls in single‐sex schools had a similar attitude toward science in terms of enjoyment, confidence, and future participation in science, and they were more engaged in science activities such as displaying experiments or doing small group activities. The findings also show that, in addition to students' personalities, gender, and other factors, there is a school factor involved in shaping their attitude toward science.
Incarceration risk, asset pricing, and black‐white wealth inequality
Authors: Price Gregory N. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionHistorically, black Americans have been disproportionately at the bottom quantiles of the wealth distribution. As the choice of making any investment that can increase future wealth requires equating an asset's price to its return adjusted by a stochastic discount factor, this article considers if black‐white differences in the risk of incarceration, which can reduce the intertemporal marginal rate of substitution in consumption, matters for black‐white differences in wealth.MethodsWith repeated cross‐section data from the U.S. General Social Survey, we estimate the parameters of ordinal regression treatment specifications of individual wealth levels to measure the effects of incarceration risk on wealth.ResultsParameter estimates reveal that individual wealth levels vary inversely with incarceration risk. As black Americans have relatively higher incarceration risks, this suggests that at least part of the black‐white wealth gap can be explained by racial differences in incarceration risk.ConclusionCriminal justice reforms that reduce black‐white disparities in incarceration rates could also reduce black‐white disparities in wealth.
Delayed union, non‐union and mal‐union in 442 dogs
Authors: Marshall William George , Filliquist Barbro , Tzimtzimis Emmanouil , Fracka Agnieszka , Miquel Jose , Garcia Javier , Fontana Maria Dalla 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectives(1) To estimate the prevalence of delayed union, non‐union and mal‐union in canine fractures; (2) to describe fracture, demographic, and treatment characteristics for these outcomes; (3) to identify risk factors for delayed or non‐union.Study designRetrospective study.Sample populationFour hundred and forty two dogs (461 fractures).MethodsA review was conducted of clinical records and radiographs from 2 teaching hospitals. “Union,” “delayed union,” “non‐union” and “mal‐union” were defined, and fracture, demographic, treatment, and outcome variables described. Differences in proportions or medians between “union,” “delayed union” and “non‐union” were tested using χ2 and Mann‐Whitney U‐tests for categorical and continuous variables respectively. Potential explanatory variables for “delayed or non‐union” were tested using logistic regression to identify risk factors.ResultsMedian radiographic follow up was 53 days (14‐282). Delayed union occurred in 13.9% of fractures (64/461), non‐union in 4.6% (21/461), and mal‐union in 0.7% (3/461). Risk factors for delayed or non‐union were age (OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.12‐1.31); comminuted fracture (OR 4.24, 95% CI 2.4‐7.5); treatment with bone graft (all types) (OR 3.32, 95% CI 1.3‐8.5); surgical site infection (OR 3.24, 95% CI 1.17‐8.97), and major implant failure (OR 12.94, 95% CI 5.06‐33.1).ConclusionOlder dogs, dogs with comminuted fractures, surgical site infection, or major implant failure were at increased odds of delayed or non‐union. Radius and ulna fractures in toy breed dogs were not at increased odds of delayed or non‐union.Clinical significanceThe identified risk factors should inform fracture planning and prognosticating. The prognosis for radial fractures in toy breeds appears better than historically believed.
Chiropterans as a potential hosts of Leishmania spp. in endemic areas for leishmaniasis in northeastern Brazil
Authors: Ramos Luis Gustavo Siqueira Matias , Costa Valéria Almeida , Louzeiro Nayara Mendes , Carvalho Clauberth César Alves , de Maria Seabra Nogueira Rita , Speranca Marcia Aparecida , Cabral Aline Diniz , Costa Francisco Borges , Barros Maria Claudene , da Costa Fraga Elmary , Marcili Arlei , da Costa Andréa Pereira 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe species of the genus Leishmania are protozoa that are widely distributed from Asia to the Americas, affecting humans and wild and domestic animals. Little is known about infection by Leishmania in bats in the state of Maranhão, Brazil. The objective of this study was to investigate the presence of Leishmania in bats in Maranhão. Blood samples were collected from bat species for parasitological diagnosis. Samples of spleen and liver were collected for molecular analysis. All the blood cultures were negative. In two blood smears, organisms similar to amastigotes of Leishmania sp. were detected. Of the 116 samples, two spleen samples were positive and showed similarity to Leishmania infantum. Therefore, further studies are needed to elucidate whether bats take part in the epidemiological chain of leishmaniasis.
Fuel Oil Conversion in the Plasma Catalytic Mode, Stimulated by Microwave Radiation in the Presence of Nanosized Iron-Containing Systems
Authors: Tsodikov M. V. , Konstantinov G. I. , Chistyakov A. V. , Borisov R. S. , Gekhman A. E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Conversion of mixtures of fuel oil with iron-containing substrates (carbon adsorbent and lignin, both modified with 0.5 wt % Fe) to hydrocarbon products and hydrogen was studied. The use of microwave radiation in the presence of the above-indicated iron-containing substrates capable of its absorption with the generation of breakdown phenomena and plasma is a promising approach to rapid processing of stable organic compounds of petroleum and natural origin into hydrocarbon products used in organic synthesis and for production of fuel components.
The Variable CTCF Site from Drosophila melanogaster Ubx Gene is Redundant and Has no Insulator Activity
Authors: Ibragimov A. N. , Bylino O. V. , Kyrchanova O. V. , Shidlovskii Y. V. , White R. , Schedl P. , Georgiev P. G. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
CTCF is the most thoroughly studied chromatin architectural protein and it is found in both Drosophila and mammals. CTCF preferentially binds to promoters and insulators and is thought to facilitate formation of chromatin loops. In a subset of sites, CTCF binding depends on the epigenetic status of the surrounding chromatin. One such variable CTCF site (vCTCF) was found in the intron of the Ubx gene, in close proximity to the BRE and abx enhancers. CTCF binds to the variable site in tissues where Ubx gene is active, suggesting that the vCTCF site plays a role in facilitating contacts between the Ubx promoter and its enhancers. Using CRISPR/Cas9 and attP/attB site-specific integration methods, we investigated the functional role of vCTCF and showed that it is not required for normal Drosophila development. Furthermore, a 2161-bp fragment containing vCTCF does not function as an effective insulator when substituted for the Fab-7 boundary in the Bithorax complex. Our results suggest that vCTCF function is redundant in the regulation of Ubx.
Sports nutrition knowledge in athletes with a spinal cord injury and coaches of para sports
Authors: Madden Robyn F. , Lalonde-Bester Sophie , Manocha Ranita H.K. , Martin Julia M. , Flueck Joelle Leonie , Hertig-Godeschalk Anneke , Shearer Jane , Parnell Jill A. 
Published: August 2022

Sports nutrition for athletes with a spinal cord injury (SCI) is complex, making it challenging for athletes to stay informed. The aim of this study was to assess sports nutrition knowledge in athletes with an SCI and coaches of para sports. The secondary aim was to report sources of sports nutrition information. Eighty athletes and 26 coaches across various adapted sports were recruited. The Nutrition for Sport Knowledge Questionnaire was used to assess nutrition knowledge for both groups. Athletes achieved their highest score among the alcohol (65 ± 19%) category and the lowest in sports nutrition (43 ± 17%). Coaches demonstrated the most knowledge in the alcohol (73 ± 17%) category and lowest knowledge in the supplementation (45 ± 19%) category. Both groups relied on the internet, dietitians, and coaches for sports nutrition information. Future studies should explore the effects of nutrition education on nutrition knowledge and dietary intakes among these populations.
Exclusive semileptonic $$B_c$$-meson decays to radially excited charmonium and charm meson states
Authors: Nayak Lopamudra , Dash P. C. , Kar S. , Barik N. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn the wake of recent measurements of ratios of semileptonic branching fractions: $${\mathscr {R}}_{J/\psi }, {\mathscr {R}}_D$$

R

J
/
ψ

,

R
D

and $${\mathscr {R}}_{D^{*}}$$

R

D

∗

reported by the LHCb, BELLE and HFLAV Collaborations, we calculate invariant form factors for the exclusive semileptonic $$B_c$$

B
c

-meson decays to radially excited charmonium and charm meson states in the full kinematical region within the framework of relativistic independent quark (RIQ) model. We evaluate the lepton mass effect in the decay processes induced by $$b\rightarrow c,u$$

b
→
c
,
u

transition at the quark level. Our predictions on branching fractions for $$B_c\rightarrow \eta _c/\psi (nS)$$

B
c

→

η
c

/
ψ

(
n
S
)

are found $$\sim 10^{-2}-10^{-4}$$

∼

10

-
2

-

10

-
4

and that for $$B_c\rightarrow D^{*}(nS)$$

B
c

→

D

∗

(
n
S
)

are $$\sim 10^{-4}$$

∼

10

-
4

in their $$e^{-}$$

e
-

decay modes, which lie within the detection accuracy of current experiment. Our predictions on branching fractions, forward backward asymmetry and asymmetry parameter are found in reasonable agreement with other model predictions; which can hopefully be tested in future experiments at LHC and Tevatron. Our predicted observable $${\mathscr {R}}$$
R
in this sector are found comparable to other standard model (SM) predictions that violate the lepton flavor universality hinting at new physics beyond SM.
An Extended Ultimatum Game for Multi-Party Access Control in Social Networks
Authors: Squicciarini Anna , Rajtmajer Sarah , Gao Yang , Semonsen Justin , Belmonte Andrew , Agarwal Pratik 
Published: August 2022

In this article, we aim to answer an important set of questions about the potential longitudinal effects of repeated sharing and privacy settings decisions over jointly managed content among users in a social network.
We model user interactions through a repeated game in a network graph. We present a variation of the one-shot Ultimatum Game, wherein individuals interact with peers to make a decision on a piece of shared content. The outcome of this game is either success or failure, wherein success implies that a satisfactory decision for all parties is made and failure instead implies that the parties could not reach an agreement. Our proposed game is grounded in empirical data about individual decisions in repeated pairwise negotiations about jointly managed content in a social network. We consider both a “continuous” privacy model as well the “discrete” case of a model wherein privacy values are to be chosen among a fixed set of options. We formally demonstrate that over time, the system converges toward a “fair” state, wherein each individual’s preferences are accounted for. Our discrete model is validated by way of a user study, where participants are asked to propose privacy settings for own shared content from a small, discrete set of options.
Design of Music Teaching System Based on Internet of Things Multimedia Intelligent Platform
Authors: Xie Bin 
Published: August 2022

In order to improve the practical and popularization value of the multimedia vocal music teaching system, the author proposes a teaching system based on the Internet of Things multimedia intelligent platform. Mainly use Visual C++ to realize the acquisition, playback, and display of audio and realize the real-time modification of the sound wave waveform on the computer and also add the function of vocal score. Experimental results show that in the pitch comparison, the standard fundamental frequency average value of the fundamental frequency track of the two pieces of music is obtained by the cepstral method:

avgF
0
=
143.12
HZ

and the average fundamental frequency of the trial singing:

avgF
0
=
142.05
HZ

. The average distance and score of each parameter of the testers are

mindisv
=
726.126

for pitch intensity,

path

length
=
144

;

mindisp
=
4.51987

,

path

length
=
163

for pitch,

breath

smoothness
=
484.20

. Conclusion. This method not only improves the intuitiveness and interaction of vocal music teaching, but also increases the interest of vocal music teaching.
Efficacy and Safety of Dapagliflozin in Heart Failure With Mildly Reduced or Preserved Ejection Fraction According to Age: The DELIVER Trial
Authors: Peikert Alexander , Martinez Felipe A. , Vaduganathan Muthiah , Claggett Brian L. , Kulac Ian J. , Desai Akshay S. , Jhund Pardeep S. , de Boer Rudolf A. , DeMets David , Hernandez Adrian F. , Inzucchi Silvio E. , Kosiborod Mikhail N. , Lam Carolyn S.P. , Shah Sanjiv J. , Katova Tsvetana , Merkely Béla , Vardeny Orly , Wilderäng Ulrica , Lindholm Daniel , Petersson Magnus , Langkilde Anna Maria , McMurray John J.V. , Solomon Scott D. 
Published: August 2022

Background:
The prevalence of heart failure with mildly reduced or preserved ejection fraction markedly increases with age, with older individuals disproportionately facing excess risk for mortality and hospitalization.

Methods:
The DELIVER trial (Dapagliflozin Evaluation to Improve the Lives of Patients With Preserved Ejection Fraction Heart Failure) randomized patients with New York Heart Association functional class II–IV and left ventricular ejection fraction >40% to either dapagliflozin or placebo for a median follow-up period of 2.3 years. We examined efficacy and safety outcomes by age categories (<55, 55–64, 65–74, and ≥75 years) and across age as a continuous measure.

Results:

Among 6263 randomized patients (aged 40–99 years, mean age 71.7±9.6 years), 338 (5.4%) were <55 years, 1007 (16.1%) were 55–64 years, 2326 (37.1%) were 65 to 74 years, and 2592 (41.4%) were ≥75 years. Dapagliflozin reduced the risk of the primary composite outcome compared with placebo in all age categories (
P
interaction
=0.95) and across the age spectrum as a continuous function (
P
interaction
=0.76). Similar benefits were observed for the components of the primary outcome, with no significant interaction between randomized treatment and age category. Adverse events occurred more frequently with increasing age, but there were no significant differences in predefined safety outcomes between patients randomized to dapagliflozin and placebo across all age categories.

Conclusions:
In patients with heart failure and mildly reduced or preserved ejection fraction enrolled in DELIVER, dapagliflozin reduced the combined risk of cardiovascular death or worsening heart failure events across the spectrum of age, with a consistent safety profile, including among the traditionally under-treated older segment of patients ≥75 years.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03619213.
Efficacy and Safety of Dapagliflozin According to Frailty in Patients With Heart Failure: A Prespecified Analysis of the DELIVER Trial
Authors: Butt Jawad H. , Jhund Pardeep S. , Belohlávek Jan , de Boer Rudolf A. , Chiang Chern-En , Desai Akshai S. , Drożdż Jarosław , Hernandez Adrian F. , Inzucchi Silvio E. , Katova Tzvetana , Kitakaze Masafumi , Kosiborod Mikhail N. , Lam Carolyn S.P. , Maria Langkilde Anna , Lindholm Daniel , Bachus Erasmus , Martinez Felipe , Merkely Béla , Petersson Magnus , Saraiva Jose F. Kerr , Shah Sanjiv J. , Vaduganathan Muthiah , Vardeny Orly , Wilderäng Ulrica , Claggett Brian L. , Solomon Scott D. , McMurray John J.V. 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Frailty is increasing in prevalence. Because patients with frailty are often perceived to have a less favorable risk/benefit profile, they may be less likely to receive new pharmacologic treatments. We investigated the efficacy and tolerability of dapagliflozin according to frailty status in patients with heart failure with mildly reduced or preserved ejection fraction randomized in DELIVER (Dapagliflozin Evaluation to Improve the Lives of Patients With Preserved Ejection Fraction Heart Failure).

Methods:
Frailty was measured using the Rockwood cumulative deficit approach. The primary end point was time to a first worsening heart failure event or cardiovascular death.

Results:

Of the 6263 patients randomized, a frailty index (FI) was calculable in 6258. In total, 2354 (37.6%) patients had class 1 frailty (FI ≤0.210; ie, not frail), 2413 (38.6%) had class 2 frailty (FI 0.211–0.310; ie, more frail), and 1491 (23.8%) had class 3 frailty (FI ≥0.311; ie, most frail). Greater frailty was associated with a higher rate of the primary end point (per 100 person-years): FI class 1, 6.3 (95% CI 5.7–7.1); class 2, 8.3 (7.5–9.1); and class 3, 13.4 (12.1–14.7;
P
<0.001). The effect of dapagliflozin (as a hazard ratio) on the primary end point from FI class 1 to 3 was 0.85 (95% CI, 0.68–1.06), 0.89 (0.74–1.08), and 0.74 (0.61–0.91), respectively (
P
interaction
=0.40). Although patients with a greater degree of frailty had worse Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire scores at baseline, their improvement with dapagliflozin was greater than it was in patients with less frailty: placebo-corrected improvement in Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire Overall Summary Score at 4 months in FI class 1 was 0.3 (95% CI, −0.9 to 1.4); in class 2, 1.5 (0.3–2.7); and in class 3, 3.4 (1.7–5.1;
P
interaction
=0.021). Adverse reactions and treatment discontinuation, although more frequent in patients with a greater degree of frailty, were not more common with dapagliflozin than with placebo irrespective of frailty class.

Conclusions:
In DELIVER, frailty was common and associated with worse outcomes. The benefit of dapagliflozin was consistent across the range of frailty studied. The improvement in health-related quality of life with dapagliflozin occurred early and was greater in patients with a higher level of frailty.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03619213.
Monitoring student education and confidence in LGBTQ+ health in UK medical schools
Authors: Phillips Callum , Lazzereschi Lucia , Griksaitis Michael 
Published: August 2022

Objectives: We sought to evaluate and describe UK medical students’ experiences of education in LGBTQ+ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer) health and their confidence in approaching these consultations and identify any perceived gaps in medical school curricula. We also sought to examine whether individual identity affected medical students’ clinical practice. Method: A 19-question questionnaire collecting quantitative and qualitative responses was sent to all medical students in the UK. Results: A total of 307 students completed the questionnaire; 36% ( n = 184) reported no dedicated teaching on LGBTQ+ health issues/inequalities and 88% ( n = 267) reported no LGBTQ+-specific communication skills training. Respondents found it more challenging to discuss LGBTQ+ health issues with patients compared to performing clinical examinations on LGBTQ+ patients. In the clinical environment, students were more likely to ask about sexual orientation, gender identity and pronouns within the context of sexual health over psychiatric, surgical and medical consultations. Measured via a Likert-type scale from 0 to 100, students felt LGBTQ+ health teaching should be given higher importance within the curriculum (74/100) than their medical school currently placed on it (13/100). Ninety-five percent of students stated that they needed further education on LGBTQ+ health. Conclusion: Findings suggest that at a national level, UK medical students do not feel well equipped to deal with LGBTQ+ health issues, and despite students’ recognition of the importance of this topic, this is not matched by curricular provision. Students report having difficulty discussing LGBTQ+ health issues and performing examinations on LGBTQ+ patients. Further training on LGBTQ+ health and actions to increase student confidence could help improve LGBTQ+ patient outcomes and improve the relationship between patients and clinicians. Students should be consulted in the re-development of relevant curricula.