bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Active genetics comes alive
Authors: Gantz Valentino M. , Bier Ethan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractClustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)‐based “active genetic” elements developed in 2015 bypassed the fundamental rules of traditional genetics. Inherited in a super‐Mendelian fashion, such selfish genetic entities offered a variety of potential applications including: gene‐drives to disseminate gene cassettes carrying desired traits throughout insect populations to control disease vectors or pest species, allelic drives biasing inheritance of preferred allelic variants, neutralizing genetic elements to delete and replace or to halt the spread of gene‐drives, split‐drives with the core constituent Cas9 endonuclease and guide RNA (gRNA) components inserted at separate genomic locations to accelerate assembly of complex arrays of genetic traits or to gain genetic entry into novel organisms (vertebrates, plants, bacteria), and interhomolog based copying systems in somatic cells to develop tools for treating inherited or infectious diseases. Here, we summarize the substantial advances that have been made on all of these fronts and look forward to the next phase of this rapidly expanding and impactful field.
Hemodynamic changes and neuronal damage detected by 9.4 T MRI in rats with chronic cerebral ischemia and cognitive impairment
Authors: Sun Minghua , Wu Liangmiao , Chen Guangying , Mo Xukai , Shi Changzheng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) rat model is an ideal animal model for simulating the pathology of chronic brain hypoperfusion in humans. However, dynamic changes in neuronal activity, cellular edema, and neuronal structural integrity in vivo after BCCAO have rarely been reported. The purpose of this study is to use a 9.4 T MRI to explore the pathophysiological mechanisms of vascular dementia.Materials and MethodsTwelve Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into two groups: the sham group and the model group (n = 6 for each group). Rats were subjected to MRI using T2*WI, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and DWI sequences by MRI at the following six time points: presurgery and 6 h, 3 days, 7 days, 21 days, and 28 days postsurgery. Then, the T2*, fractional anisotropy (FA), and average apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were measured in the bilateral cortices and hippocampi. After MRI scanning, all rats in both groups were subjected to the Y‐maze test, novel object recognition test, and open‐field test to assess their learning, memory, cognition, and locomotor activity.ResultsThe T2*, FA, and ADC values in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus decreased sharply at 6 h after BCCAO in the model group compared with those of the sham group. By Day 28, the T2* and ADC values gradually increased to close to those in the sham group, but the FA values changed little, and the rats in the model group had worse learning, memory, and cognition and less locomotor activity than the rats in the sham group.ConclusionsThe BCCAO is an ideal rat model for studying the pathophysiological mechanisms of vascular dementia.
From impacts to dependencies: A first global assessment of corporate biodiversity risk exposure and responses
Authors: Carvalho Sergio Henrique Collaço de , Cojoianu Theodor , Ascui Francisco 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThere is growing awareness that biodiversity loss poses a significant risk to the global economy, but a lack of clarity on what this means for corporations, and how they are responding. This study provides a first quantitative assessment of biodiversity risk exposure across the world's largest listed companies, compared with their adoption of biodiversity policies, through analysis of disclosures from a sample of 11,812 companies from 2004 to 2018. We find that companies have started responding strategically to biodiversity risk, with 29% having adopted a biodiversity policy by 2018. However, around $7.2 trillion of total enterprise value remains exposed to unmanaged biodiversity risk. Companies in sectors with material impacts on biodiversity tend to have high levels of response, but there is poorer responsiveness to material biodiversity dependency risks. A natural‐capital‐based view (NCBV) of the firm is proposed to theorise how corporations are constrained by both their impacts and dependencies on natural capital.
Laser direct writing derived robust carbon nitride films with efficient photon‐to‐electron conversion for multifunctional photoelectrical applications
Authors: Tan Haotian , Si Wenping , Peng Wei , Wang Yuqing , Liu Daolan , Wang Liqun , Jiang Chongyun , Di Lu , Liang Ji , Hou Feng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCarbon nitride, an emerging polymeric semiconductor, has attracted attention in research ranging from photocatalysis to photodetection due to its favorable visible light response and high physicochemical stability. For its practical device application, the fabrication of high‐quality carbon nitride films on substrates is essential. However, conventional methodologies to achieve high polymerization of carbon nitride are often accompanied by its decomposition, significantly compromising the film quality. Herein, we report an ultrafast fabrication of carbon nitride film by laser direct writing (LDW). The instantaneous high temperature and pressure during LDW can efficiently boost the polymerization of carbon nitride and suppress its decomposition, resulting in high‐quality carbon nitride film with excellent mechanical stability with the substrate. Due to the efficient photon‐to‐electron conversion, it exhibits an outstanding photoelectrochemical water splitting and optoelectronic detection capability, even under strong acid/alkaline conditions. This study thus offers a facile and efficient LDW strategy for the rapid fabrication of carbon nitride film photoelectrodes, demonstrating its great feasibility in multifunctional photoelectrical applications, including but not limited to photoelectrochemical water splitting and optoelectronic detection.
In Situ Grignard Metalation Method for the Synthesis of Hauser Bases
Authors: Sengupta Simon , Schüler Philipp , Görls Helmar , Liebing Phil , Krieck Sven , Westerhausen Matthias 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe in situ Grignard Metalation Method (iGMM) is a straightforward one‐pot procedure to quickly produce multigram amounts of Hauser bases R2N‐MgBr which are valuable and vastly used metalation reagents and novel electrolytes for magnesium batteries. During addition of bromoethane to a suspension of Mg metal and secondary amine at room temperature in an ethereal solvent, a smooth reaction yields R2N‐MgBr under evolution of ethane within a few hours. A Schlenk equilibrium is operative, interconverting the Hauser bases into their solvated homoleptic congeners Mg(NR2)2and MgBr2depending on the solvent. Scope and preconditions are studied, and side reactions limiting the yield have been investigated. DOSY NMR experiments and X‐ray crystal structures of characteristic examples clarify aggregation in solution and the solid state.
Fluorescent P‐Hydroxyphosphole for Peptide Labeling through P‐N Bond Formation
Authors: Rémond Emmanuelle , Fehrentz Jean‐Alain , Liénart Laure , Clément Sébastien , Banères Jean‐Louis , Cavelier Florine 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSynthesis of fluorescent P‐hydroxybinaphtylphosphole‐oxide or ‐sulfide was achieved by trapping a binaphtyl dianion with methyl dichlorophosphite or P‐(N,N‐diethylamino)dichlorophosphine, followed by oxidation or sulfuration of the P‐center. After saponification or acid hydrolysis, the P‐hydroxyphospholes were coupled to peptides using the coupling agent BOP, under the conditions required for the synthesis in solution or on a solid support. This new method was illustrated by the labeling of the JMV2959, a potent antagonist of the Growth Hormone Secretagogue Receptor type 1a (GHS−R1a). The labeled conjugates were used to characterize GHSR ligands by competition assays, based on Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET). Such P‐hydroxyphosphole‐oxide or ‐sulfide constitute a promising new class of compact fluorophores with large Stokes shift, for labeling biomolecules by grafting through the phosphorus atom.
Adamantyl Side Chains as Anti‐Aggregating Moieties in Dyes for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Almenningen David Moe , Haga Brita Susanne , Hansen Henrik Erring , Buene Audun Formo , Hoff Bård Helge , Gautun Odd Reidar 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDesigning and evaluating novel dye concepts is crucial for the development of the field of dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). In our recent report, the novel concept of tethering the anti‐aggregation additive chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) to dyes for DSSC was introduced. Based on the performance improvements seen for this modification, the aim of this study is to see if a simplified anti‐aggregation unit could achieve similar results. The following study reports the synthesis and photovoltaic characterization of two novel dyes decorated with the steric ethyladamantyl moiety on the π‐spacer, and on the triarylamine donor. This modification is demonstrated to be successful in increasing the photovoltages in devices employing copper‐based electrolytes compared to the non‐modified reference dye. The best photovoltaic performance is achieved by a device prepared with the adamantyl decorated donor dye and CDCA, this device achieves a power conversion efficiency of 6.1 % (Short‐circuit current=8.3 mA cm−2, Open‐circuit voltage=1054 mV, Fill factor=0.69). The improved photovoltaic performance seen for the adamantyl decorated donor demonstrate the potential of ethyladamantyl side chains as a tool to ensure surface protection of TiO2.
Feasibility and acceptability of a digital tele‐guided intervention targeting components of the addictive appetite model for bulimia nervosa and binge‐eating disorder in Korea
Authors: Kwag Kyung Hwa , Kim Youl‐Ri , Lee You Kyung , Lee Hye Rin , Lee Ja Youn , Lee Jihye , Kim Jione , Kim Youngkeun , Treasure Janet 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and potential impact of a tele‐guided digital‐based intervention based on the addictive appetite model of recurrent binge eating.MethodFemale college students with bulimia nervosa (BN) or binge‐eating disorder (BED) (n = 22) received a 6‐week guided intervention targeting addictive processes and emotion regulation. The feasibility of the intervention was evaluated, and the outcomes were assessed at baseline, the end of the intervention, and 1‐month follow‐up.ResultsOf the participants, 86.4% (n = 19) completed the intervention. The self‐help materials were viewed 6.03 ± 3.06 times per week, and the duration of using the self‐help materials was 113.16 ± 160.19 min/week. The intervention group experienced a significant reduction with a moderate effect on binge eating at the end of the intervention (Hedges' g = 0.58), and the effects lasted through follow‐up (Hedges' g = 0.82).DiscussionThe results suggest that the digital intervention targeting a maintenance mechanism of recurrent binge eating was feasible and acceptable for patients with BN and BED, proving the potential for symptom improvement.Public significanceThe addictive appetite model provides the framework for new interventions to improve treatments for BN and BED. This study found that the digital intervention based on the model was feasible and acceptable for patients with BN and BED.
Nickel oxide Nanoparticles/Carbon Nanotubes Nanocomposite for Non‐enzymatic Determination of Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Fernández Iñigo , Carinelli Soledad , González‐Mora José Luis , Villalonga Reynaldo , Salazar‐Carballo Pedro A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this work, nickel oxide nanoparticles‐modified multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were prepared and used for H2O2 sensing application. Firstly, ex situ NiO nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared and further used to decorate polyethylenimine (PEI)‐modified carboxylated CNTs. The obtained nanocomposite and its precursors were identified by using X‐ray diffraction, thermal analysis, Raman spectroscopy and SEM and TEM images, N2 adsorption‐desorption isotherms, and electrochemical techniques. The sensing properties of the NiO‐modified nanocomposite toward H2O2 were studied by electrochemical techniques using glassy carbon electrodes (GCEs) as support material. After optimizing the sensor construction, the sensor sensitivity was about of 0.83±0.01 A M−1 cm−2 with a LOD of about 1.0 μM. In addition, it showed excellent anti‐interference properties, reproducibility, and stability (over 4 months). Finally, such sensors were coupled to a flow injection device and the H2O2 concentration of some commercial antiseptic solutions were successfully obtained (with recovery ratios between 96.3–102.4 %).
A Novel Electroanalytical Biosensor Based on ZIF‐8/Acetylcholinesterase Bio‐nanohybrids for Early Management of Hirschsprung Disease
Authors: Roy Souradeep , Mathur Ashish , Bihari Pati Akash 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHirschsprung's disease (HD) is characterised by missing nerve cells in the colon of infants and children which results in strained bowel movement. Under such situations, undiagnosed and untreated cases often lead to a cascade of gastrointestinal infections eventually resulting in Hirschsprung‐assisted enterocolitis which has significantly high mortality rate. This is further exacerbated by the absence of suitable, sensitive and efficient technologies to detect the pathological segment of the intestine, which could significantly reduce surgery duration in the operation theatre, as well as associated risks to patients. It therefore becomes a matter of extreme importance to develop a point‐of‐care platform for early and efficient management/identification of the occurrence of HD in neonates and older children during its onset, before it proves fatal with life‐threatening outcomes. The present work reports an electrochemical enzymatic biosensor using Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework‐8 (ZIF‐8) modified with acetylcholinesterase enzyme (AchE), for detection of HD as a function of the key biomarker – acetylcholine. The developed sensor was initially characterized using Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), while the analytical performance and insights onto interfacial redox kinetics were assessed using Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV) and EIS respectively. The sensor exhibited limit of detection and sensitivity of 0.19 μM and sensitivity of 0.42 μA/μM/mm2 with a shelf life of 1 month, while remaining unperturbed in the presence of common interferants. The performance of developed sensor was also examined in spiked serum samples and was observed to yield a high degree of linearity.
Data‐driven rapid damage evaluation for life‐cycle seismic assessment of regional reinforced concrete bridges
Authors: Xu Ji‐Gang , Feng De‐Cheng , Mangalathu Sujith , Jeon Jong‐Su 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRapid and accurate post‐earthquake damage evaluation of regional reinforced concrete (RC) bridges is a key issue for assessing the seismic resilience of cities and communities. Especially, RC bridges are susceptible to the aggressive environment, which can induce time‐dependent aging effects such as corrosion, and thus, it should be considered in the assessment. This paper presents an approach for regional seismic performance assessment of RC bridges in a life‐cycle context based on machine‐learning techniques. The life‐cycle seismic demand and capacity of the bridges are, firstly, obtained by the elaborated numerical model, which includes the deterioration induced by the aging corrosion effect. Then, the tagging‐based damage state (green, yellow, or red) is easily obtained by comparing the pairs of demand and capacity through machine learning. Four hundred and eighty bridge models are generated to develop the machine‐learning models and the performance of the machine learning models is evaluated. Results show that the extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) model has the best performance, which has an accuracy of 81% in predicting the damage states. The proposed approach is demonstrated with a single bridge example and bridges in a sample region. It is shown that the machine learning model can accurately predict the post‐earthquake damage states of the single bridge, and it can also rapidly assess the damage states of the bridges in the sample region. Approximately 30% bridges in the sample region will experience damage states shift after 100 years, which highlights the importance of considering the aging effects on the post‐earthquake damage assessment of bridges.
Mitoquinone mitigates paraquat‐induced A549 lung epithelial cell injury by promoting MFN1/MFN2‐mediated mitochondrial fusion
Authors: Liu Chao , Sun Zhaorui , Wang Mengmeng , Yang Zhizhou , Zhang Wei , Ren Yi , Han Xiaoqin , Zhang Bo , Yao Mengya , Nie Shinan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractParaquat (PQ) poisoning often leads to severe lung injuries, in which the mitochondria damage plays a critical role. Mitoquinone (MitoQ), a newly designed mitochondria‐targeted antioxidant, has been proved for its benefit in mitochondria protection. However, the role of MitoQ in PQ‐induced lung injury remains unclear. Thus, this study was performed to investigate the effect of MitoQ on PQ‐induced lung injury and its underlying mechanisms. Our work showed that PQ caused the inhibition of A549 lung epithelial cell viability in a dose‐dependent manner, while MitoQ remarkably mitigated the PQ‐induced cell viability suppression. Besides this, PQ‐mediated apoptosis of A549 cells was significantly attenuated by MitoQ, as indicated by the TUNEL assay and mitochondria membrane potential assay. Moreover, the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was also dramatically suppressed when cotreated MitoQ with PQ. This could be ascribed to enhanced mitochondrial fusion mediated by Mitofusin 1 (MFN1)/Mitofusin 2 (MFN2), because MitoQ preserved mitochondrial network integrity, as reflected by MitoTracker staining, and MitoQ also increased the expression of MFN1/MFN2 in A549 cells after PQ treatment. Our data suggested MitoQ mitigated PQ‐induced lung epithelial cell injury by promoting MFN1/MFN2‐mediated mitochondrial fusion, and MitoQ might be a potential candidate drug for the treatment of PQ‐induced lung injury.
Molecular docking study of GSK‐3β interaction with nomilin, kihadanin B, and related limonoids and triterpenes with a furyl‐δ‐lactone core
Authors: Vergoten Gérard , Bailly Christian 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGlycogen synthase kinase‐3β (GSK‐3β) is a target enzyme considered for the treatment of multiple human diseases, from neurodegenerative pathologies to viral infections and cancers. Numerous inhibitors of GSK‐3β have been discovered but thus far only a few have reached clinical trials and only one drug, tideglusib (1), has been registered. Natural products targeting GSK‐3β have been identified, including the two anticancer limonoids obacunone (5) and gedunin (4), both presenting a furyl‐δ‐lactone core. To help identifying novel GSK‐3β ligands, we have performed a molecular docking study with 15 complementary natural products bearing a furyl‐δ‐lactone unit (such as limonin (6) and kihadanins A (8) and B (9)) or a closely related structure (such as cedrelone (10) and nimbolide (11)). The formation of GSK‐3β‐binding complexes for those natural products was compared to reference GSK‐3β ATP‐competitive inhibitors LY2090314 (3) and AR‐A014418 (2). Our in silico analysis led to the identification of two new GSK‐3β‐binding natural products: kihadanin B (9) and nomilin (7). The latter surpassed the reference compounds in terms of calculated empirical energy of interaction (ΔE). Nomilin (7) can possibly bind to the active site of GSK‐3β, notably via the furyl‐δ‐lactone core and its 1‐acetyl group, implicated in the protein interaction. Compound structure‐binding relationships are discussed. The study should help the discovery of novel natural products targeting GSK‐3β.
Identification of novel biomarkers in prostate cancer diagnosis and prognosis
Authors: Li Wenji , Xu Wei , Sun Kai , Wang Fujun , Wong Tin Wui , Kong Ah‐Ng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractProstate cancer (PCa) is a common urinary malignancy. The lack of specific and sensitive biomarkers for the early diagnosis and prognosis of PCa makes it important to seek alternatives. R software was used to analyze the PCa expression profile from data sets in Gene Expression Omnibus. Core differential genes were identified by String and Cytoscape and further validated by Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) and The Human Protein Atlas (HPA). Gene Ontology analysis was done in the DIVID database and visualization analysis was conducted by Hiplot. Pathway enrichment was analyzed by IPA. To identify potential competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNA) networks, the experimentally validated microRNA‐target interactions database (miRTarBase), The Encyclopedia of RNA Interactomes (StarBase), lncBase, and GEPIA were used. The lncLocator was utilized to perform subcellular localization of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). Both miRTarBase and StarBase were used to find the binding site of mRNAs‐miRNAs and miRNAs‐lncRNAs. Visualization of the ceRNA network was performed with Cytoscape. Nine genes closely related to the diagnosis and prognosis of PCa were obtained, including four identified biomarkers by HPA, CENPF, TPX2, TK1, and CCNB1, and five novel PCa biomarkers, RRM2, UBE2C, TOP2A, BIRC5, and ZWINT. Pathway analysis indicated that PCa carcinogenesis was highly correlated with liver fibrosis pathways, ILK signaling, and NRF2‐mediated oxidative stress response. Two sets of ceRNA networks, BIRC5/hsa‐miR‐218‐5p/NEAT1 and UBE2C/hsa‐miR‐483‐3p/NEAT1 were found to be novel biomarkers for the identification of PCa. The quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction results verified that UBE2C, BIRC5, and NEAT1 were upregulated and hsa‐miR‐218‐5p and hsa‐miR‐483‐3p were downregulated in human PCa cells compared with normal prostate epithelial cells. The novel identified biomarkers in this study would be valuable for the diagnosis and prognosis of PCa.
An investigation of the effects of chronic zonisamide, sultiam, lacosamide, clobazam, and rufinamide anti‐seizure medications on foliculogenesis in ovarian tissue in prepubertal non‐epileptic rats
Authors: Kart Pınar Özkan , Gürgen Seren Gülşen , Esenülkü Gülnur , Dilber Beril , Yıldız Nihal , Yazar Uğur , Sarsmaz Hayrunnisa Yeşil , Topsakal Ali Samet , Kamaşak Tülay , Arslan Elif Acar , Şahin Sevim , Cansu Ali 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe aimed to determine the morphological and histological effects of zonisamide, sultiam, lacosamide, clobazam, and rufinamide on ovarian folliculogenesis in rats. Sixty female Wistar rats were divided into six experimental groups as control, zonisamide, sultiam, lacosamide, clobazam, and rufinamide groups; control solution and drugs were administered by gavage for 90 days. The number of healthy follicles in the control group was significantly higher than in the anti‐medication groups (p < 0.001), and the number of corpus luteum was significantly lower (p < 0.001). There was a significant difference in the number of TUNEL positive apoptotic follicles between the control and drug groups (p < 0.001). With EGF, IGF‐1, and GDF‐9 staining, a very strong immunoreaction was observed in the ovarian multilaminar primary follicle granulosa cells and oocytes in the control group compared to the drug group (p < 0.001). Long‐term anti‐seizure medication with zonisamide, sultiam, lacosamide, clobazam, and rufinamide from prepubertal to adulthood causes apoptosis and disruption of folliculogenesis in the ovarian follicles of nonepileptic rats.