bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Domestic value added as an indicator for sustainability assessment: a case study on alternative drivetrains in the passenger car sector
Authors: Harzendorf F. , Wulf C. , Haase M. , Baumann M. , Ersoy H. , Zapp P. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTo strengthen the economic pillar in sustainability assessment, the indicator ‘domestic value added’ is introduced. It aims at comparing established and less developed technologies regarding their prospective value added in a country. This is done by classifying a technology’s value added to the developed categories: domestic, potential domestic and non-domestic. Within this paper, two methods for assessing this indicator are introduced focussing on their applicability in a sustainability assessment context. Both methods are tested on a case study comparing two alternative drivetrain technologies for the passenger car sector (battery and fuel cell electric vehicle) to the conventionally used internal combustion engine. The first method is life cycle cost-based whereas the second is based on Input Output analysis. If a life cycle cost assessment is already available for the technology under assessment, the easier to implement life cycle cost-based approach is recommended, as the results are similar to the more complex Input Output-based approach. From the ‘domestic value added’ perspective, the battery electric vehicle is already more advantageous than the conventional internal combustion engine over the lifecycle. Fuel cell electric vehicles have the highest potential to increase their ‘domestic value added’ share in the future. This paper broadens the economic pillar in sustainability assessment by introducing a new indicator ‘domestic value added’ and giving practical information on how to prospectively assess it for existing and less developed technologies or innovations.
Graphical abstract
On the Effects of Anisotropy in Detecting Flaws of Fibre-Reinforced Composites
Authors: Kromik Andreas , Javanbakht Zia , Miller Brenton , Underhill Ian , Hall Wayne 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHerein, the effect of anisotropy on the thermal response of two carbon fibre-reinforced composite samples (unidirectional and cross-ply) is studied using step-heating thermography. An objective methodology is developed for qualitative and quantitative analyses of flaws using their aspect ratios and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The procedure uses principal component analysis, Gaussian filter, and binarisation for marking the candidate flaw locations. After experimenting on different heating/cooling regimes, single-phase cooling was nominated to further the study. It is found that short thermal excitations reveal surface flaws while increasing the heating period improves the visibility of deeper flaws. Anisotropy, due to fibre alignment, affects the aspect ratio of flaws, distorts their shape, and conjoins clustered flaws. In contrast, SNR values seem to be insensitive to anisotropy. The proposed method offers a quick and simple procedure for post-processing thermal images and highlights the implications of anisotropy therein.
A framework for conditional statement technical debt identification and description
Authors: Alhefdhi Abdulaziz , Dam Hoa Khanh , Nugroho Yusuf Sulistyo , Hata Hideaki , Ishio Takashi , Ghose Aditya 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTechnical Debt occurs when development teams favour short-term operability over long-term stability. Since this places software maintainability at risk, technical debt requires early attention to avoid paying for accumulated interest. Most of the existing work focuses on detecting technical debt using code comments, known as Self-Admitted Technical Debt (SATD). However, there are many cases where technical debt instances are not explicitly acknowledged but deeply hidden in the code. In this paper, we propose a framework that caters for the absence of SATD comments in code. Our Self-Admitted Technical Debt Identification and Description (SATDID) framework determines if technical debt should be self-admitted for an input code fragment. If that is the case, SATDID will automatically generate the appropriate descriptive SATD comment that can be attached with the code. While our approach is applicable in principle to any type of code fragments, we focus in this study on technical debt hidden in conditional statements, one of the most TD-carrying parts of code. We explore and evaluate different implementations of SATDID. The evaluation results demonstrate the applicability and effectiveness of our framework over multiple benchmarks. Comparing with the results from the benchmarks, our approach provides at least 21.35, 59.36, 31.78, and 583.33% improvements in terms of Precision, Recall, F-1, and Bleu-4 scores, respectively. In addition, we conduct a human evaluation to the SATD comments generated by SATDID. In 1-5 and 0–5 scales for Acceptability and Understandability, the total means achieved by our approach are 3.128 and 3.172, respectively.
The Interdisciplinary Responsible Management Competence Framework: An Integrative Review of Ethics, Responsibility, and Sustainability Competences
Authors: Laasch Oliver , Moosmayer Dirk C. , Antonacopoulou Elena P. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAt the centre of responsible management (RM) learning is the development of managerial competence for ethics, responsibility, and sustainability (ERS). Important contributions have been made from each: the ethics, responsibility, and sustainability disciplines. However, we are yet to integrate these disciplinary contributions into a comprehensive interdisciplinary RM competence framework that corresponds to the interdisciplinary nature of RM challenges. We address this priority in this paper and report on the findings of an integrative structured literature review of 224 management competence articles across the ERS disciplines. Our thematic template analysis has produced an interdisciplinary RM competence framework of three layers of personal, behavioural, and intellectual competences and independent and interdependent competence dimensions. The resulting 3 × 2 competence matrix framework accommodates 33 interdisciplinary ERS competence themes and 90 subthemes in the six competence domains of being and becoming, acting and interacting, knowing and thinking. To the RM discussion, we contribute an interdisciplinary competence framework that enables the development of responsible managers who tackle the inherently interdisciplinary issues of RM. To the competence discussion, we contribute the interdependent competence dimension and future research directions through the lens of response-ability.JBE Section: Business Ethics Learning and Education
Mechanobiology of the endothelium in vascular health and disease: in vitro shear stress models
Authors: Jackson Molly L. , Bond Andrew Richard , George Sarah Jane 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn recent years, there has been growing evidence that vascular pathologies arise in sites experiencing an altered haemodynamic environment. Fluid shear stress (FSS) is an important contributor to vascular homeostasis and regulates endothelial cell (EC) gene expression, morphology, and behaviour through specialised mechanosensitive signalling pathways. The presence of an altered FSS profile is a pathological characteristic of many vascular diseases, with the most established example being the preferential localisation of atherosclerotic plaque development. However, the precise haemodynamic contributions to other vascular pathologies including coronary artery vein graft failure remains poorly defined. To evaluate potential novel therapeutics for the treatment of vascular diseases via targeting EC behaviour, it is important to undertake in vitro experiments using appropriate culture conditions, particularly FSS. There are a wide range of in vitro models used to study the effect of FSS on the cultured endothelium, each with the ability to generate FSS flow profiles through which the investigator can control haemodynamic parameters including flow magnitude and directionality. An important consideration for selection of an appropriate model of FSS exposure is the FSS profile that the model can generate, in comparison to the physiological and pathophysiological haemodynamic environment of the vessel of interest. A resource bringing together the haemodynamic environment characteristic of atherosclerosis pathology and the flow profiles generated by in vitro methods of applying FSS would be beneficial to researchers when selecting the appropriate model for their research. Consequently, here we summarise the widely used methods of exposing cultured endothelium to FSS, the flow profile they generate and their advantages and limitations in investigating the pathological contribution of altered FSS to vascular disease and evaluating novel therapeutic targets for the treatment and prevention of vascular disease.
How do value-judgements enter model-based assessments of climate sensitivity?
Authors: Undorf Sabine , Pulkkinen Karoliina , Wikman-Svahn Per , Bender Frida A.-M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPhilosophers argue that many choices in science are influenced by values or have value-implications, ranging from the preference for some research method’s qualities to ethical estimation of the consequences of error. Based on the argument that awareness of values in the scientific process is a necessary first step to both avoid bias and attune science best to the needs of society, an analysis of the role of values in the physical climate science production process is provided. Model-based assessment of climate sensitivity is taken as an illustrative example; climate sensitivity is useful here because of its key role in climate science and relevance for policy, by having been the subject of several assessments over the past decades including a recent shift in assessment method, and because it enables insights that apply to numerous other aspects of climate science. It is found that value-judgements are relevant at every step of the model-based assessment process, with a differentiated role of non-epistemic values across the steps, impacting the assessment in various ways. Scrutiny of current philosophical norms for value-management highlights the need for those norms to be re-worked for broader applicability to climate science. Recent development in climate science turning away from direct use of models for climate sensitivity assessment also gives the opportunity to start investigating the role of values in alternative assessment methods, highlighting similarities and differences in terms of the role of values that encourage further study.
POI recommendation with queuing time and user interest awareness
Authors: Halder Sajal , Lim Kwan Hui , Chan Jeffrey , Zhang Xiuzhen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPoint-of-interest (POI) recommendation is a challenging problem due to different contextual information and a wide variety of human mobility patterns. Prior studies focus on recommendation that considers user travel spatiotemporal and sequential patterns behaviours. These studies do not pay attention to user personal interests, which is a significant factor for POI recommendation. Besides user interests, queuing time also plays a significant role in affecting user mobility behaviour, e.g., having to queue a long time to enter a POI might reduce visitor’s enjoyment. Recently, attention-based recurrent neural networks-based approaches show promising performance in the next POI recommendation task. However, they are limited to single head attention, which can have difficulty in finding the appropriate user mobility behaviours considering complex relationships among POI spatial distances, POI check-in time, user interests and POI queuing times. In this research work, we are the first to consider queuing time and user interest awareness factors for next POI recommendation. We demonstrate how it is non-trivial to recommend a next POI and simultaneously predict its queuing time. To solve this problem, we propose a multi-task, multi-head attention transformer model called TLR-M_UI. The model recommends the next POIs to the target users and predicts queuing time to access the POIs simultaneously by considering user mobility behaviours. The proposed model utilises POIs description-based user personal interest that can also solve the new categorical POI cold start problem. Extensive experiments on six real-world datasets show that the proposed models outperform the state-of-the-art baseline approaches in terms of precision, recall, and F1-score evaluation metrics. The model also predicts and minimizes the queuing time. For the reproducibility of the proposed model, we have publicly shared our implementation code at GitHub (https://github.com/sajalhalder/TLR-M_UI).
Modelling in Normative Ethics
Authors: Roussos Joe 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis is a paper about the methodology of normative ethics. I claim that much work in normative ethics can be interpreted as modelling, the form of inquiry familiar from science, involving idealised representations. I begin with the anti-theory debate in ethics, and note that the debate utilises the vocabulary of scientific theories without recognising the role models play in science. I characterise modelling, and show that work with these characteristics is common in ethics. This establishing the plausibility of my interpretation. Taking methodological inspiration from modelling in science gives us new tools for managing idealisations, and a new perspective on pluralism. I think demonstrate why this interpretation is a fruitful way of interpreting ethics, by looking at three case studies. First, I return to the anti-theory debate and argue that modelling opens up a new middle ground. Second, I argue that a modelling lens offers a new way of understanding impossibility theorems in population ethics, and their bearing on ethics as a whole. Finally, I show how viewing our work as modelling can be deployed in debates within ethics, using the debate over prioritarianism as an example. I close with further methodological suggestions for those who choose to see themselves as modellers. I discuss the role of counterexamples, our responses to moral disagreement, and the training of new ethicists.
Extreme Temperature and Mortality by Educational Attainment in Spain, 2012–2018
Authors: Conte Keivabu Risto 
Published: October 2022

AbstractExtreme temperatures are a threat to public health, increasing mortality in the affected population. Moreover, there is substantial research showing how age and gender shape vulnerabilities to this environmental risk. However, there is only limited knowledge on how socioeconomic status (SES), operationalized using educational attainment, stratifies the effect of extreme temperatures on mortality. Here, we address this link using Poisson regression and administrative data from 2012 to 2018 for 50 Spanish Provinces on individuals aged above 65 matched with meteorological data provided by the E-OBS dataset. In line with previous studies, results show that hot and cold days increase mortality. Results on the interaction between SES and extreme temperatures show a positive and significant effect of exposure to heat and cold for individuals with medium and low SES level. Conversely, for high SES individuals we do not find evidence of a robust association with heat or cold. We further investigate how the local climate moderates these associations. A warmer climate increases risks with exposures to low temperatures and vice versa for hot temperatures in the pooled sample. Moreover, we observe that results are mostly driven by low SES individuals being particularly vulnerable to heat in colder climates and cold in warmer climates. In conclusion, results highlight how educational attainment stratifies the effect of extreme temperatures and the relevance of the local climate in shaping risks of low SES individuals aged above 65.
The educational purposes of higher education: changing discussions of the societal outcomes of educating students
Authors: Ashwin Paul 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this article, I examine the educational purposes of higher education in terms of the societal outcomes of educating students through higher education.Based on an analysis of the first 80 volume ofHigher Education, published from 1972 to 2020, I argue that discussions of societal educational purposes were dominated by authors from the Anglophone, global North and these authors were more likely to write as if the educational purposes under discussion were relevant to all higher education systems regardless of national context. This tendency increased over time. The overall models of the educational purposes in each contribution differed in terms of whether they focused on single, multiple, or differentiated sets of educational purposes. I argue that as higher education has become increasingly stratified, there has been less discussion of whether there are differences in the societal outcomes served by different forms of higher education. This is problematic because it obscures the potential differences in the educational purposes of higher education in different societies and the extent to which inequalities are perpetuated by differences in the forms of higher education to which students gain access. In order to address this, I argue there is a need to move away from a focus on the educational purposes of the institutional form of ‘the University’ to focus on the educational purposes that are served by different configurations of higher education systems.
A Fusion-Based Machine Learning Approach for Autism Detection in Young Children Using Magnetoencephalography Signals
Authors: Barik Kasturi , Watanabe Katsumi , Bhattacharya Joydeep , Saha Goutam 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this study, we aimed to find biomarkers of autism in young children. We recorded magnetoencephalography (MEG) in thirty children (4–7 years) with autism and thirty age, gender-matched controls while they were watching cartoons. We focused on characterizing neural oscillations by amplitude (power spectral density, PSD) and phase (preferred phase angle, PPA). Machine learning based classifier showed a higher classification accuracy (88%) for PPA features than PSD features (82%). Further, by a novel fusion method combining PSD and PPA features, we achieved an average classification accuracy of 94% and 98% for feature-level and score-level fusion, respectively. These findings reveal discriminatory patterns of neural oscillations of autism in young children and provide novel insight into autism pathophysiology.
Social-Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties in Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Emotion Perception in Daily Life and in a Formal Assessment Context
Authors: Löytömäki Joanna , Laakso Marja-Leena , Huttunen Kerttu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractChildren with neurodevelopmental disorders often have social-emotional and behavioural difficulties. The present study explored these difficulties in children (n = 50, aged 6–10 years) with autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and developmental language disorder. Parents, teachers and therapists evaluated children’s social-emotional and behavioural difficulties through a self-devised questionnaire and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Additionally, the children, along with their typically developing age peers (n = 106), completed six emotion discrimination tasks. Analysis revealed some impaired emotion discrimination skills that were predictive for behavioural challenges in daily life and associated with the parent-reported existence of friends. Timely intervention in these children is needed, and it should also include emotion perception training.
Using a plasma FIB system to characterise the porosity through the oxide scale formed on 9Cr-1Mo steel exposed to CO2
Authors: Coghlan L. , Shin Aya , Pearson Jonathan , Jepson Mark. A. E. , Higginson R. L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFocused ion beam microscopy and scanning electron microscopy have been used to characterise the porosity of the oxide scale of an experimental 9Cr–1Mo steel sample exposed for 4580 h in a CO2-rich environment. The magnetite shows a high frequency of spherical pores (~ 1 µm3) with no interconnectivity. The Cr-rich spinel layer shows greater interconnectivity, but no single pore spans the total oxide scale. A mechanism for the formation of the different morphologies observed across the scale is proposed, linking porosity changes across the oxide scale to the carburisation and elemental segregation of Cr within the substrate.
Graphical abstract
Three-dimensional printed polylactic acid and hydroxyapatite composite scaffold with urine-derived stem cells as a treatment for bone defects
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Chen Jia-Lei , Xing Fei , Duan Xin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBone defects still pose various challenges in osteology. As one treatment method for bone defects, tissue engineering requires biomaterials with good biocompatibility and stem cells with good differentiation. This study aimed to fabricate a 3D-printed polylactic acid and hydroxyapatite (PLA/HA) composite scaffold with urine-derived stem cells (USCs) to study its therapeutic effect in a rat model of skull defects. USCs were isolated and extracted from the urine of healthy adult males and inoculated onto PLA/HA and PLA scaffolds fabricated by 3D printing technology. A total of 36 skull defect models in eighteen Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into a control group (no treatment of the defects), PLA group (treated with PLA scaffolds with USCs), and PLA/HA group (treated with PLA/HA scaffolds with USCs). The therapeutic efficacy was evaluated by real-time PCR, microcomputed tomography (micro-CT), and immunohistochemistry at 4, 8, and 12 weeks. We found that the PLA/HA scaffold loaded with USCs effectively promoted new bone regeneration in the defect area. CT images showed that in the PLA/HA group, the defect area was almost entirely covered by newly formed bone (coverage of 96.7 ± 1.6%), and the coverage was greater than that in the PLA group (coverage of 74.6 ± 1.9%) at 12 weeks. Histology and immunohistochemical staining showed the highest new bone formation on the PLA/HA scaffolds containing USCs in the defect site at 12 weeks. These findings demonstrate the broad application prospects of PLA/HA scaffolds with USCs in bone tissue engineering.
Implantation of heat treatment Ti6al4v alloys in femoral bone of Wistar rats
Authors: Chávez Díaz Mercedes Paulina , Henche Soledad Aguado , Yanchuck Mónica Rubio , de Arriba Celia Clemente , Sierra Román Cabrera , Rincón María Lorenza Escudero , Hallen José M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTwo heat treatments were carried out at below (Ti6Al4V800) and above (Ti6Al4V1050) the beta-phase transformation temperature (TTRANSUS = 980 °C), to study the effect of microstructural changes on osseointegration. The alloys were implanted in the femurs of hind legs of Wistar rats for 15, 30, and 60 days. Histology of the femur sections obtained for the first 15 days showed inflammatory tissue surrounding the implants and tissue contraction, which prevented osseointegration in early stages. After 30 days, trabecular bone, reduction of inflammatory tissue around the implants, and osseointegration were observed in Ti6Al4V as received and Ti6Al4V1050 alloys, while osseointegration was detected for the three alloys after 60 days. These results were supported through morphometric studies based on the analysis of Bone Implant Contact (BIC), where there was a larger bone contact after 60 days for the Ti6Al4V1050 alloy; indicating that microstructural features of the Ti6Al4V alloys influence their osseointegration, with the lamellar microstructure (Ti6Al4V1050), being the most responsive.