bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Head-to-head Comparison of Perfluorobutane-Contrast Enhanced US and Multiparametric-MRI for Breast Cancer: A prospective, multicenter study
Authors: Lang Manlin , Liang Ping , Shen Huiming , Li Hang , Yang Ning , Chen Bo , Chen Yixu , Ding Hong , Yang Weiping , Ji Xiaohui , Zhou Ping , Cui ligang , Wang Jiandong , Xu Wentong , Ye Xiuqin , Liu Zhixing , Yang Yu , Wei Tianci , Wang Hui , Yan Yuanyuan , Wu Changjun , Wu Yiyun , Shi Jingwen , Wang Yaxi , Fang Xiuxia , li Ran , Yu Jie 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background: Multiparametric - Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MP-MRI) has high sensitivity for diagnosing breast cancers but cannot always be used as a routine diagnostic tool. To evaluate whether the diagnostic performance of Perfluorobutane (PFB)-contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) is like MP-MRI in the breast cancer and if combining the two methods would enhance diagnostic efficiency.
Patients and Methods: This was a head-to-head, prospective, multicenter study. Patients with breast lesions diagnosed by US as Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) 3, 4, and 5 categories underwent both PFB-CEUS and MP-MRI scans. On-site operators and three reviewers categorized the BI-RADS of all lesions on two images, respectively. Logistic-bootstrap 1000-sample analysis and cross-validation were used to construct PFB-CEUS, MP-MRI, and hybrid (PFB-CEUS + MP-MRI) models to distinguish breast lesions.
Results: In total, 179 women with 186 breast lesions were evaluated from 17 centers in China. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for the PFB-CEUS model (0.89; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.74, 0.97) was like that of the MP-MRI model (0.89; 95% CI: 0.73, 0.97), whereas both were inferior to the hybrid model (0.92, 95% CI: 0.77, 0.98). 90.3% false-positive and 66.7% false-negative results of PFB-CEUS radiologists, 90.5% false-positive and 42.8% false-negative results of MP-MRI radiologists could be corrected by Hybrid model, respectively. Dynamic nomograms of three models are accessible on websites.
Conclusions: PFB-CEUS can be used in differential diagnosis of breast cancer with the performance comparable to MP-MRI. Using PFB-CEUS and MP-MRI as joint diagnostics could further strengthen the diagnostic ability.
Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov; NCT04657328. Registered 26 September 2020.
Retuning of hippocampal representations during sleep
Authors: Diba Kamran , Maboudi Kourosh , Giri Bapun , Miyawaki Hiroyuki , Kemere Caleb 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Hippocampal representations that underlie spatial memory undergo continuous refinement following formation during exploration. Understanding the role of sleep in this process has been challenging because of the inaccessibility of place fields when animals are not actively exploring a maze. Here, we used a novel Bayesian learning approach based on the spike-triggered average decoded position in ensemble recordings to track dynamically the spatial tuning of individual neurons during offline states in freely moving rats. Measuring these dynamic tunings, we found spatial representations within hippocampal sharp-wave ripples that were stable for hours during sleep and were strongly aligned with place fields initially observed during maze exploration. These representations were explained by a combination of factors that included the pre-configured structure of firing rates in sleep before exposure to the environment, and representations that emerged during theta oscillations and awake sharp-wave ripples on the maze, revealing the contribution of these events in forming ensembles during sleep. Strikingly, the ripple representations during sleep predicted the future place fields of neurons during re-exposure to the maze, even when those fields deviated from previous place preferences. These observations demonstrate that ripples during sleep drives representational drift observed across maze exposures. In contrast, we observed tunings with poor alignment to maze place fields during other time periods, including in sleep and rest before maze exposure, during rapid eye movement sleep, and following the initial several hours in slow-wave sleep. In sum, the novel decoding approach described here allowed us to infer and characterize the retuning of place fields during offline periods, revealing the rapid emergence of representations following novel exploration and the active role of sleep in the representational dynamics of the hippocampus.
Nuclear factor E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) regulates renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis and Gasdermin D-driven pyroptosis induced by high glucose in HK-2 cells via Caspase-1
Authors: Yang Yanli , Ruan Lin , Zhang Lihong , Niu Zheli , Li Wen 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Previous studies have shown that tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF) and pyroptosis are crucial in high-glucose (HG)-induced renal tubular epithelial cell injury and thus contribute to the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Previous reports have shown that Nrf2 plays an important role in the occurrence of anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects, but it is unclear whether Nrf2 has a common point of action between TIF and pyroptosis. In this study, an immortalized human proximal tubular cell line (human kidney-2 (HK-2) cells) was used in all experiments. The protein levels of Nrf2, Caspase-1, Caspase-1-p10, GSDMD, GSDMD-N, TGF-β1, p-Smad3, α-SMA, and FN were measured using western blotting. The mRNA levels of Nrf2, Caspase-1, GSDMD, α-SMA, and FN were examined using RT-qPCR. Immunofluorescence was performed to detect GSDMD, α-SMA, and Caspase-1 expression. ROS levels in cells and mitochondria were detected using fluorescent probe DCFH-DA staining and Mito Sox Red fluorescent probe staining, respectively. The data showed that in a HG environment, the expression of Caspase-1, Caspase-1-p10, GSDMD, GSDMD-N, α-SMA, and FN increased significantly, which was correlated with the expression of Nrf2. Further study showed that after adding the Nrf2 activator TBHQ and knocking down the Nrf2 gene, ROS increased, and the expression of the above proteins decreased and increased, respectively. In addition, the P38 MAPK or PI3K/AKT signaling pathway may be involved in HG-induced Nrf2 activation. To verify the correlation between Caspase-1 and the TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway, the Caspase-1 inhibitor VX-765 was added to significantly reduce the protein levels of TGF-β1 and p-Smad3. These results indicated that Nrf2 attenuates HG-induced TIF and pyroptosis in HK-2 cells by targeting Caspase-1.
Comparison of the effects of 6-week progressive bodyweight and barbell-back squat programs on lower limb muscle strength, muscle thickness, and body fat percentage among sedentary young women
Authors: Wei Wei , Zhu JingX , Ren Shuang , Jan YKuen , Zhang WuL , Su Ronghai , He Li 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

The study aimed to compare the effects of the progressive bodyweight and barbell-back squat training program (60–80% 1RM) on muscle strength, muscle thickness, and body fat percentage in sedentary young women. Thirteen sedentary young women (19.77 ± 0.83 years) were randomly divided into the progressive bodyweight (n = 6) or barbell squat (n = 7) group. Each program consisted of 2 weekly training sessions for 6 weeks. Muscle strength (isokinetic knee extensor and flexor muscle peak torque of each leg), muscle thickness (gluteus maximus, rectus femoris, and gastrocnemius muscles), along with body fat percentage were measured objectively at baseline and post-testing. For the muscle strength, both groups showed a significant increase in isometric peak torque of the knee extensor and flexor (p < 0.05). However, there were no significant be-tween-group differences in isometric peak torque of the knee extensor and flexor (p > 0.05), as well as the mean concentric peak torque of the knee H/Q ratio (p > 0.05). For the muscle thickness, significant increases were also found within the two groups (p < 0.05) and without significant differences between the two groups (p > 0.05). The percentage of body fat significantly improved in the barbell (pre. 28.66 ± 4.58%. vs post. 24.96 ± 5.91%, p = 0.044), but not in the bodyweight group (pre. 24.18 ± 4.63% vs post. 24.02 ± 4.48%, p = 0.679). Although all of the groups increased maximum strength and muscle mass, our results suggest that the barbell back squat training may optimize the gains for decreasing the body fat percentage.
Characteristics of suicidal emergency room patients before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan
Authors: Otani Kyohei , Yoshikawa Ryohei , Naito Atsumi , Fukushima Haruko , Matsuishi Kunitaka 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background: Owing to the stress caused by the behavioral restrictions and lifestyle changes during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, suicide rates have increased in Japan, especially among young people. This study identified the differences in the characteristics of patients hospitalized for suicide attempts in the Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital’s emergency room, requiring inpatient care before and during the pandemic over two years.
Methods: This study was a retrospective analysis. Data were collected from 201 patients’ medical records. Patient interviews were conducted bedside or in an interview room in the emergency ward. Data collected from the electronic medical records included sex, age, COVID-19 infection status, admission to a ward with physical complications, psychiatric liaison team intervention, presence or absence of a previous department of psychiatry visit and diagnosis, prescription history of antipsychotic, antidepressant, and anxiolytic or sleeping medication, presence of physical complications, and Charlson Comorbidity Index score to compare the severity of comorbidities. A descriptive survey was conducted to examine changes in the pattern of suicide attempts during the COVID-19 outbreak. Two-sample independent t-tests, chi-square tests, and Fisher’s exact test were used for data analysis.
Results: No significant differences were found in the number of patients hospitalized for suicide attempts, average age, or sex ratio between the pre- and post-pandemic periods. Acute drug intoxication and overmedication in patients increased significantly during the pandemic. The self-inflicted means of injury with high fatality rates were non-significantly different in the two periods. The rate of physical complications significantly increased during the pandemic, while the proportion of unemployed individuals significantly decreased.
Conclusion: Despite studies predicting an increase in suicides based on past statistics of young people and of women, no significant changes were observed. This may have been owing to the effect of suicide prevention measures and mental health measures implemented by the Japanese government after an increase in suicides and after past natural disasters as well as infectious disease pandemics such as the H1N1 influenza.
Lipid nanoparticles (LNP) induce activation and maturation of antigen presenting cells in young and aged individuals
Authors: Connors Jennifer , Joyner David , Mege Nathan , Cusimano Gina , Bell Matthew , Marcy Jennifer , Taramangalam Bhavani , Lin Paulo , Tam Ying , Lin Paulo , Weissman Drew , Kutzler Michele , Alameh Mohamad-Gabriel , Haddad Elias 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Despite the overwhelming success of mRNA-based vaccine in protecting against SARS-CoV-2 infection and reducing disease severity and hospitalization, little is known about the role lipid nanoparticles (LNP) play in initiating immune response. In this report we studied the adjuvantive impact of empty LNP with no mRNA cargo (eLNP) on anti-viral pathways and immune function of cells from young and aged individuals. We found that eLNP induced maturation of monocyte derived dendritic cells by measuring the expression of CD40, CD80, HLA-DR and production of cytokines including IFN-α,IL-6, IFN-γ, IL-12, and IL-21. Flow cytometry analysis of specific dendritic cell subsets showed that eLNP can induce CD40 expression and cytokine production in cDC1, cDC2 and monocytes. Empty LNP (eLNP) effects on dendritic cells and monocytes coincided with induction pIRF7 and pTBK1, which are both important in mitigating innate immune signaling. Interestingly our data show that in response to eLNP stimulus at 6 and 24 hrs, aged individuals have decreased CD40 expression and reduced IFN- γ output compared to young adults. Furthermore, we show that cDC1, cDC2, and CD14dim CD16+ monocytes from healthy aged individuals have dysregulated anti-viral signaling response to eLNP stimulation as measured by the defect in type I IFN production, phosphorylation of IRF7, TBK-1, and immune function like phagocytosis. These data showed a novel function of eLNP in eliciting DC maturation and innate immune signaling pathways and that some of these functions are impaired in older individuals providing some suggestion of why older individuals (> 65 yrs of age) respond display lower immune responses and adverse events to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-based vaccines.
Multifunctional composite structures made of 3D-woven carbon fibre preforms
Authors: El-Dessouky Hassan M. , McHugh Chris 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Three dimensional (3D) woven composites started to find applications in various industrial sectors, mainly in aerospace and with a potential in automotive. 3D-woven fabrics can be architected to form complex and near-net-shape preforms ready for automated composites manufacturing. The 3D-woven honeycomb fabric is designed to include additional functionality into finished composites, such as positive and negative Poisson's ratios. In this study, complex honeycomb architectures were created using various weave designs to demonstrate the effects of auxetic behaviours when manufactured into a composite structure. A Staubli 3D-weaving system equipped with Jacquard UNIVAL 100 and creel of 3072 6k carbon fibre tows were used to weave the designed honeycomb architecture. With the aid of hard polyester foam inserts, the 3D-woven fabrics were converted to honeycomb and auxetic preforms. These preforms were infused using epoxy resin to manufacture a set of honeycomb and auxetic composite structures. In comparison with the baseline honeycomb structure, it is proven that the developed auxetic composites exhibited negative Poisson’s ratio of -2.86 and − 0.12 in the case of tensile and compression tests respectively.
Assessing the Future Carbon Budget through the Lens of Policy-Driven Acidification and Temperature Targets
Authors: Avrutin Sandy , Goodwin Philip , Ezard Thomas H G 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Basing a future carbon budget on warming targets is subject to uncertainty due to uncertainty in the relationship between carbon emissions and warming, and may not prevent dangerous change throughout the entire climate system. Here, we use a climate emulator to constrain a future carbon budget that is more representative by using a combination of both warming and ocean acidification targets. The warming targets considered are the Paris Agreement targets of 1.5 and 2°C; the acidification targets are -0.17 and -0.21 pH units informed by aragonite saturation states. Considering acidification targets in conjunction with warming targets is found to narrow the uncertainty in the future carbon budget, especially in situations where the acidification target is more stringent than, or of similar stringency to, the warming target. Considering a strict combination of the two more stringent targets (both targets of 1.5°C warming and -0.17 acidification must be met), the carbon budget ranges from -74.0 to 129.8PgC. This reduces uncertainty in the carbon budget from 286.2PgC to 203.8PgC (29%). Assuming an emissions rate held constant since 2021 (which is a conservative assumption), the budget towards both targets was either spent by 2019, or will be spent by 2026.
Genetics re-establish the utility of 2-methylhopanes as cyanobacterial biomarkers before 750 million years ago
Authors: Hoshino Yosuke , Nettersheim Benjamin , Gold David , Hallmann Christian , Vinnichenko Galina , Maldegem Lennart van , Bishop Caleb , Brocks Jochen , Gaucher Eric 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Fossilized lipids offer one of only few windows into ancient ecosystems. The utility of such biomarkers is determined by the phylogenetic distribution of lipid biosynthetic capabilities in extant organisms and extrapolation of this information into the past. 2-Methylhopanes in sedimentary rocks were once used to infer the importance of Cyanobacteria as primary producers in the geological past. However, the discovery of the hopanoid C-2 methyltransferase (HpnP) in Alphaproteobacteria led to the downfall of this molecular proxy. In the present study, we re-examined the distribution of HpnP in a new phylogenetic framework including novel candidate phyla, and re-interpreted a revised geological record of 2-methylhopanes based on contamination-free samples. We show that HpnP was likely present in the last common ancestor of Cyanobacteria, while the gene appeared in Alphaproteobacteria only around 750 million years ago. A subsequent rise of sedimentary 2-methylhopanes around 600 Ma likely reflects the expansion of Alphaproteobacteria that coincided with the rise of eukaryotic algae — possibly connected by algal dependency on microbially-produced vitamin B12. Our findings re-establish 2-methylhopanes as cyanobacterial biomarkers prior to 750 Ma and thus as a potential tool to measure the importance of oxygenic Cyanobacteria as primary producers on the early Earth. Our study illustrates how genetics can improve the diagnostic value of biomarkers and refine the reconstruction of early ecosystems.
Candida bloodstream infection among children hospitalised in three public- sector hospitals in the Metro West region of Cape Town, South Africa
Authors: Gebremicael Mulugeta Naizgi , Nuttall James J.C. , Tootla Hafsah D. , Khumalo Amanda , Tooke Lloyd , Salie Shamiel , Muloiwa Rudzani , Rhoda Natasha , Basera Wisdom , Eley Brian S. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Candida bloodstream infection (BSI) causes appreciable mortality in neonates and children. There are few studies describing the epidemiology of Candida BSI in children living in sub-Saharan Africa.
Methods
A retrospective descriptive study was conducted at three public sector hospitals in Cape Town, South Africa. Demographic and clinical details, antifungal management and patient outcome data were obtained by medical record review. Candidaspecies distribution and antifungal susceptibility testing results were obtained from the National Health Laboratory Service database.
Results
Of the 97 CandidaBSI episodes identified during the study period, 48/97 (49%) were Candida albicans (C. albicans), and 49/97 (51%) were non-C. albicans species. The overall incidence risk was 0.8 Candida BSI episodes per 1000 admissions at Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital. Of the 77/97 (79%) Candida BSI episodes with available clinical information, the median age (interquartile range) at the time of BSI was 7 (1-25) months, 36/77 (47%) were associated with moderate or severe underweight-for-age and vasopressor therapy was administered to 22/77 (29%) study participants. Most of the Candida BSI episodes were healthcare-associated infections, 63/77 (82%). Fluconazole resistance was documented among 17%, 0% and 0% of C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis and C. albicans isolates respectively. All Candida isolates tested were susceptible to amphotericin B and the echinocandins. The mortality rate within 30 days of Candida BSI diagnosis was 13/75 (17%). On multivariable analysis, factors associated with mortality within 30 days of Candida BSI diagnosis included vasopressor therapy requirement during Candida BSI, adjusted Odds ratio (aOR) 53 (95% confidence interval 2-1029); hepatic dysfunction, aOR 13 (95% CI 1-146); and concomitant bacterial BSI, aOR 10 (95% CI 2-60).
Conclusion
The study adds to the limited number of studies describing paediatric Candida BSI in sub-Saharan Africa. Non-C. Albicans BSI episodes occurred more frequently than C. albicans episodes, and vasopressor therapy requirement, hepatic dysfunction and concomitant bacterial BSI were associated with an increase in 30-day mortality.
Nuclear DNA in chicken egg whites?
Authors: Zyrianova Irina M. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Poultry eggs contain high-quality proteins, fat, vitamins, and minerals necessary for human nutrition as food and ingredients in the food industry. Egg whites have exceptional foaming, emulsifying, gelling, and heat setting properties, making them popular for use in baked goods. Intensive study of egg whites to date has now settled on a stable opinion that there are no cells, and no DNA, in them. However, this study demonstrates the possibility of DNA extraction from outer thin whites of chicken egg. Protein degradation of chicken egg white contents by trypsin has been used. The 18S ribosomal DNA based PCR test shows that the extracted from outer thin whites DNA contains nuclear DNA. Moreover, the Hoechst 33342 staining proves that outer thin whites contain nuclei. Therefore, this study demonstrates that chicken egg whites contain nuclear DNA and contain nuclei (i.e., and cells).
TRIM56 inhibits autophagy in esophageal cancer cells and its clinical significance
Authors: Gao Jie , Li Rizhu , Peng Hui , Luo Shiguan , Hua Haoming , Yang Yuanyuan , Wang Fanlu , Wang Juping 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background: Esophageal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the digestive system. Comprehensive treatment measures are mainly taken with surgery as the primary supplement to radiotherapy and chemotherapy, but the overall effect is still unsatisfactory. The tripartite motif containing 56 (TRIM56) is a family of TRIM proteins, and it has been found to play an essential role in tumorigenesis and development. We investigated the expression of TRIM56 in esophageal cancer and explored the potential regulatory role of TRIM56 in autophagy in esophageal cancer cells Eca109.
Results: In this study, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) assay, western blot (WB) and immunofluorescence (IF) were first used to detect the expression of TRIM56 in the Eca109 cells and esophageal cancer tissues. Gene chip analysis showed that the expression of autophagy-related genes LC3 and ATG12 was up-regulated, and regulated autophagy-related signal molecules
PIK3CB, AKT2, and FOXO4 expression up-regulation after TRIM56 was down-regulated.
Fluorescence immunoassay results showed that after TRIM56 was down-regulated, LC3BII aggregated in the cytoplasm.
Conclusion: This study reveals that TRIM56 might inhibit autophagy in the Eca109 esophageal carcinoma cell line.