bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The secret life of plant‐beneficial rhizosphere bacteria: insects as alternative hosts
Authors: Pronk Lotte J. U. , Bakker Peter A. H. M. , Keel Christoph , Maurhofer Monika , Flury Pascale 
Published: March 2022

SummaryRoot‐colonizing bacteria have been intensively investigated for their intimate relationship with plants and their manifold plant‐beneficial activities. They can inhibit growth and activity of pathogens or induce defence responses. In recent years, evidence has emerged that several plant‐beneficial rhizosphere bacteria do not only associate with plants but also with insects. Their relationships with insects range from pathogenic to mutualistic and some rhizobacteria can use insects as vectors for dispersal to new host plants. Thus, the interactions of these bacteria with their environment are even more complex than previously thought and can extend far beyond the rhizosphere. The discovery of this secret life of rhizobacteria represents an exciting new field of research that should link the fields of plant–microbe and insect–microbe interactions. In this review, we provide examples of plant‐beneficial rhizosphere bacteria that use insects as alternative hosts, and of potentially rhizosphere‐competent insect symbionts. We discuss the bacterial traits that may enable a host‐switch between plants and insects and further set the multi‐host lifestyle of rhizobacteria into an evolutionary and ecological context. Finally, we identify important open research questions and discuss perspectives on the use of these rhizobacteria in agriculture.
A Mixed Methods Evaluation of Interventions to Meet the Requirements of California Senate Bill 1152 in the Emergency Departments of a Public Hospital System
Authors: TAIRA BREENA R. , KIM HYUNG , PRODIGUE KARLA TLATELPA , GUTIERREZ‐PALOMINOS LEILANI , ALEMAN ALEXIS , STEINBERG LEORA , TCHAKALIAN GREGORY , YADAV KABIR , TUCKER‐SEELEY REGINALD 
Published: March 2022

Policy Points
Clarifications to Senate Bill (SB) 1152 are necessary to address the differences between inpatient and emergency department (ED) discharge processes, determine how frequently an ED must deliver the SB 1152 bundle of services to a single patient, and establish expectations for compliance during off‐hours when social services are unavailable.
Because homelessness cannot be resolved in a single ED visit, the state should provide funding to support housing‐focused case workers that will follow patients experiencing homelessness (PEH) through the transition from temporary shelters to permanent supportive housing. Medi‐Cal could fund the delivery of the SB 1152 bundle of services to defray the costs to public hospitals that provide care for high numbers of PEH.
California legislators should consider complementary legislation to increase funding for shelters so that sufficient capacity is available to accept PEH from EDs and hospitals, and to fund alternative strategies to prevent poverty and the upstream root causes of homelessness itself.
ContextPrompted by stories of “patient dumping,” California enacted Senate Bill (SB) 1152, which mandates that hospitals offer patients experiencing homelessness (PEH) a set of resources at discharge to ensure safety and prevent dumping.MethodsTo evaluate interventions to meet the requirements of SB 1152 across three emergency departments (EDs) of a Los Angeles County public hospital system with a combined annual census of 260,000 visits, we used an explanatory sequential mixed methods approach, focusing first on quantitative evaluation and then using information from qualitative interviews to explain the quantitative findings.FindingsIn total, 2.9% (1,515/52,607) of encounters involved PEH. Documentation of compliance with the eight required components of SB 1152 was low, ranging from 9.0% to 33.9%. Twenty‐five provider interviews confirmed support for providing assistance to PEH in the ED, but the participants described barriers to compliance, including challenges in implementing universal screening for homelessness, incongruity of the requirements with the ED setting, the complexity of the patients, and the limitations of SB 1152 as a health policy.ConclusionsDespite operationalizing universal screening for homelessness, we found poor compliance with SB 1152 and identified multiple barriers to implementation.
Are natural resources an impetus for economic growth in Africa?
Authors: Nzié Jules René Minkoua , Pepeah Ateh Thomson 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study examines the effects of natural resource endowments on economic growth in Africa based on a sample of 37 African countries from 1996 to 2019. The sample is split into resource‐rich and resource‐poor countries. By employing the autoregressive distributed lag model with a linear interaction between natural resource revenue and institutional quality, a contingent effect of natural resource revenue on economic growth is established, both in the long and short run. Contrary to previous related studies, this study reveals that the resource status of the countries concerned has a significant impact on the nature of the results obtained. Specifically, in resource‐rich countries, weak institutions have been found to exacerbate the negative relation between natural resources and economic growth in the long run, whereas in the short run, these variables are found to be complementary toward enhancing economic growth. Meanwhile, in resource‐poor countries, institutional quality and natural resource revenues individually compete with each other in relation to growth, but when interacted, their combined effect positively and significantly improves economic growth in the long run.
Food‐induced methemoglobinemia: A systematic review
Authors: McNulty Richard , Kuchi Nikhil , Xu Elena , Gunja Naren 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMethemoglobinemia is a sporadic, potentially fatal disease of poor tissue oxygenation in which ferrous hemoglobin (Fe2+) is oxidized to the ferric (Fe3+) state, rendering it incapable of binding oxygen (O2). Fortunately, it is diagnosable and treatable. Here, we present a systematic review of food‐induced methemoglobinemia. PubMed and Embase databases were searched using the term “methemoglobin*,” for articles up to December 31, 2020. Inclusion criteria were confirmed or probable cases of methemoglobinemia with an oxidant confirmed in food or body tissue samples, or the oxidant likely to have come from food. We found 97 articles describing 568 cases. Median age was 6 years (range: 2 weeks to 80 years). Median methemoglobin fraction was 30% (n = 142). Oxidizing agents were predominantly nitrites and nitrates. The commonest type of presentation was children eating vegetables (30%), followed by accidental ingestions (27%), and meat curing misadventures (22%). Favism was found to result in mild methemoglobinemia, highest fraction reported was 15.8%. Of the 35 deaths, 32 were from accidental ingestions (91%). In some fatal cases, diagnosis was likely delayed or missed, and antidote was not administered. The majority of cases survived, even with severe methemoglobin levels of up to 89%, provided that methylene blue was administered. Treatment with methylene blue alone resulted in an average methemoglobin drop of 39.1% (n = 22). Methemoglobinemia cases continue to occur due to accidental exposure, meat curing misadventures, and babies ingesting nitrate‐rich vegetables which have been inappropriately stored. Early recognition of the toxidrome, instituting antidote treatment, and notifying public health authorities are key to improved outcomes.
Sequential development of several RT‐qPCR tests using LNA nucleotides and dual probe technology to differentiate SARS‐CoV‐2 from influenza A and B
Authors: Radvánszka Monika , Paul Evan D. , Hajdu Roman , Boršová Kristína , Kováčová Viera , Putaj Piotr , Bírová Stanislava , Čirková Ivana , Čarnecký Martin , Buranovská Katarína , Szobi Adrián , Vojtaššáková Nina , Drobná Diana , Čabanová Viktória , Sláviková Monika , Ličková Martina , Vaňová Veronika , Fumačová Havlíková Sabína , Lukáčiková Ľubomíra , Kajanová Ivana , Koči Juraj , Rusňáková Diana , Sedláčková Tatiana , Max Klaas E. A. , Tuschl Thomas , Szemes Tomáš , Klempa Boris , Čekan Pavol 
Published: March 2022

SummarySensitive and accurate RT‐qPCR tests are the primary diagnostic tools to identify SARS‐CoV‐2‐infected patients. While many SARS‐CoV‐2 RT‐qPCR tests are available, there are significant differences in test sensitivity, workflow (e.g. hands‐on‐time), gene targets and other functionalities that users must consider. Several publicly available protocols shared by reference labs and public health authorities provide useful tools for SARS‐CoV‐2 diagnosis, but many have shortcomings related to sensitivity and laborious workflows. Here, we describe a series of SARS‐CoV‐2 RT‐qPCR tests that are originally based on the protocol targeting regions of the RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and envelope (E) coding genes developed by the Charité Berlin. We redesigned the primers/probes, utilized locked nucleic acid nucleotides, incorporated dual probe technology and conducted extensive optimizations of reaction conditions to enhance the sensitivity and specificity of these tests. By incorporating an RNase P internal control and developing multiplexed assays for distinguishing SARS‐CoV‐2 and influenza A and B, we streamlined the workflow to provide quicker results and reduced consumable costs. Some of these tests use modified enzymes enabling the formulation of a room temperature‐stable master mix and lyophilized positive control, thus increasing the functionality of the test and eliminating cold chain shipping and storage. Moreover, a rapid, RNA extraction‐free version enables high sensitivity detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 in about an hour using minimally invasive, self‐collected gargle samples. These RT‐qPCR assays can easily be implemented in any diagnostic laboratory and can provide a powerful tool to detect SARS‐CoV‐2 and the most common seasonal influenzas during the vaccination phase of the pandemic.
Postoperative venous thromboembolism after surgery for stage IA non‐small‐cell lung cancer: A single‐center, prospective cohort study
Authors: Dong Honghong , Liang Xiaoning , Gao Yingdi , Cai Yongsheng , Li Xinyang , Miao Jinbai , Wang Wenjiao , Hu Bin , Li Hui 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundVenous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common postoperative complication of lung cancer, but the incidence and risk stratification of postoperative VTE in stage IA non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients remains unclear, therefore we conducted a single‐center prospective study.MethodsA total of 314 consecutive patients hospitalized for lung cancer surgery and diagnosed with stage IA NSCLC from January 2017 to July 2021 were included. The patients were divided into the VTE group and the non‐VTE group according to whether VTE occurred after the operation. The patient's age, operation time, D‐dimer (D‐D) value, tumor pathology, and Caprini score were recorded. The different items were compared and included in logistic regression analysis to obtain independent risk factors, and the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) was calculated.ResultsThe incidence of VTE was 7.3%. Significant differences in age, operation time, preoperative and postoperative day 1 D‐D value, neuron‐specific enolase value, forced expiratory volume in 1 second, maximum ventilation, carbon monoxide diffusion capacity, and pathological diameter were noted between the two groups. Age (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.056–1.216) and postoperative day 1 D‐D value (95% CI 1.125–1.767) were independent risk factors. The incidence of VTE in the low‐, medium‐, and high‐risk groups with Caprini scores was 0%, 7.3%, and 11.5%, respectively. The AUC of the Caprini score was 0.704 (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThe incidence of postoperative VTE in patients with stage IA NSCLC was 7.3%. Age and postoperative day 1 D‐D value were independent risk factors for VTE. The Caprini score has a certain value in the diagnosis of postoperative VTE of stage IA NSCLC.
Müller Glia maintain their regenerative potential despite degeneration in the aged zebrafish retina
Authors: Martins Raquel R. , Zamzam Mazen , Tracey‐White Dhani , Moosajee Mariya , Thummel Ryan , Henriques Catarina M. , MacDonald Ryan B. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAgeing is a significant risk factor for degeneration of the retina. Müller glia cells (MG) are key for neuronal regeneration, so harnessing the regenerative capacity of MG in the retina offers great promise for the treatment of age‐associated blinding conditions. Yet, the impact of ageing on MG regenerative capacity is unclear. Here, we show that the zebrafish retina undergoes telomerase‐independent, age‐related neurodegeneration but that this is insufficient to stimulate MG proliferation and regeneration. Instead, age‐related neurodegeneration is accompanied by MG morphological aberrations and loss of vision. Mechanistically, yes‐associated protein (Yap), part of the Hippo signalling, has been shown to be critical for the regenerative response in the damaged retina, and we show that Yap expression levels decline with ageing. Despite this, morphologically and molecularly altered aged MG retain the capacity to regenerate neurons after acute light damage, therefore, highlighting key differences in the MG response to high‐intensity acute damage versus chronic neuronal loss in the zebrafish retina.
Changes in brain structure and function following chronic exposure to inhaled vaporised cannabis during periadolescence in female and male mice: A multimodal MRI study
Authors: Coleman James R. , Madularu Dan , Ortiz Richard J. , Athanassiou Maria , Knudsen Alexa , Alkislar Ilayda , Cai Xuezhu , Kulkarni Praveen P. , Cushing Bruce S. , Ferris Craig F. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsSocial norms and legality surrounding the use of medical and recreational cannabis are changing rapidly. The prevalence of cannabis use in adolescence is increasing. The aim of this study was to assess any sex‐based neurobiological effects of chronically inhaled, vaporised cannabis on adolescent female and male mice.MethodsFemale and male mice were exposed daily to vaporised cannabis (10.3% Δ‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol [THC] and 0.05% cannabidiol [CBD]) or placebo from postnatal day 23 to day 51. Following cessation of treatment, mice were examined for changes in brain structure and function using noninvasive multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Data from voxel‐based morphometry, diffusion weighted imaging and rest state functional connectivity were registered to and analysed with a 3D mouse atlas with 139 brain areas. Following imaging, mice were tested for their preference for a novel object.ResultsThe effects were sexually dimorphic with females showing a unique distribution and inverse correlation between measures of fractional anisotropy and apparent diffusion coefficient localised to the forebrain and hindbrain. In contrast males displayed significant increased functional coupling with the thalamus, hypothalamus and brainstem reticular activating system as compared with controls. Cannabis males also presented with altered hippocampal coupling and deficits in cognitive function.ConclusionChronic exposure to inhaled vaporised cannabis had significant effects on brain structure and function in early adulthood corroborating much of the literature. Females presented with changes in grey matter microarchitecture, while males showed altered functional connectivity in hippocampal circuitry and deficits in object recognition.
Can Reform of Information Disclosure by an Exchange Restrain Corporate Fraud? Evidence from China*
Authors: Wang Meng , Zhao Wanlong , Zhang Wei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study examines the impact of information disclosure system reform (IDSR) on corporate fraud. IDSR includes the internet‐based communication platforms and the introduction of assessment methods for information disclosure. The study finds that reform in the Shenzhen Stock Exchange (SZSE) reduces the probability, frequency, and severity of corporate fraud. In contrast, the reform in the Shanghai Stock Exchange (SSE) has no such effect. The negative association between the SZSE reform and corporate fraud is more evident for firms with weak internal controls and modified audit opinions. This study suggests disclosing companies' ranking in information disclosure assessments to the public to improve governance.
Letter: risk of inflammatory bowel disease is related to alcohol consumption as well as ACEIs and ARBs—authors' reply
Authors: Khalili Hamed , Casey Kevin 
Published: March 2022

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Casey et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16731 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16815
Implementing therapist‐guided internet‐delivered cognitive behaviour therapy for obsessive–compulsive disorder in the UK’s IAPT programme: A pilot trial
Authors: Flygare Oskar , Lundström Lina , Andersson Erik , Mataix‐Cols David , Rück Christian 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesDigital therapies such as internet‐delivered cognitive behaviour therapy (ICBT) can improve treatment access for patients with common mental disorders, but are rarely used in the Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) programme in the United Kingdom. The objective of this study was to evaluate an evidence‐based ICBT intervention for obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD‐NET) in three IAPT services in an open trial.MethodsConsecutively referred patients with a primary diagnosis of OCD (n = 474) were offered OCD‐NET. Symptoms of OCD, depression, anxiety, and level of functioning were measured weekly throughout treatment.ResultsIn the full intention to treat sample (n = 474), the intervention was associated with large reductions in self‐reported OCD symptoms (d = 1.77), anxiety (d = 1.55) and depression (d = 0.8), as well as improvements in functional impairment (d = 0.51 to 0.72). Further, 35% of participants were in recovery at their last assessment, 25% achieved reliable improvement and 15% met criteria for both recovery and improvement. Among participants completing at least 4 modules (n = 261), corresponding to an adequate ‘dose’ of treatment, the rates of recovery (44%), reliable improvement (34%) and reliable recovery (21%) were higher. A majority of participants were satisfied with the online treatment and found the online materials helpful.ConclusionsOCD‐NET is an effective treatment when delivered in regular care within the IAPT system. Challenges associated with implementing ICBT in regular health care are discussed.
Improvement in parasympathetic regulation is associated with engagement in classroom activity in primary school children experiencing poor classroom climate
Authors: Mastromatteo Libera Ylenia , Peruzza Marta , Scrimin Sara 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundSelf‐regulation promotes engagement within the classroom. At a physiological level, a good indicator of the ability of the system to self‐regulate is cardiac vagal tone (CVT).AimsThe present study aims to assess children's change over time (1 year) in their parasympathetic regulation (by way of CVT) in response to a social and cognitive stressor. Moreover, it addresses whether, if present, this change over time in regulation influences students’ engagement in classroom activities while also accounting for classroom climate.SampleForty‐nine second graders were assessed at two time points: November 2018 (T1) and 1 year later in 2019 (T2).MethodsChildren's CVT was registered at rest and while performing a stressful task during which they were asked to cognitively perform while being socially evaluated. Children were also interviewed on how much they feel engaged in classroom activities and their perceptions of classroom climate.ResultsA repeated measures analysis of variance including 2 Time Points ×2 Phases of CVT Registration (baseline and during the stressful task) revealed a significant decrease in cardiac vagal activity from baseline to the task at T1, indicating that initially most children were not able to self‐regulate and gave way to a stress response when facing the stressful task. The pattern changed at T2 when an active regulation took place signalled by an increase in CVT from baseline to the stressful task. Data analysis also revealed that among children who perceived a poorer classroom climate, the display of greater parasympathetic regulation over time was linked with higher active engagement in classroom activities.ConclusionsGrowth in physiological regulation in response to a challenging task is associated with better engagement in classroom activities. Interventions and educational practice promoting the development of self‐regulation strategies are recommended.
Involving people with intellectual disability in setting priorities for building community inclusion at a local government level
Authors: Robinson Sally , Carnemolla Phillippa , Lay Kiri , Kelly Jack 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundLocal governments play an important role in supporting people with intellectual disability to feel included in their local communities and local‐level inclusion is an increasing priority for councils and local authorities in many countries. However, people with intellectual disability themselves have had little involvement in setting the priorities for initiatives and activities in their local communities. In the project, we wanted to know what kinds of initiatives were being implemented and what people with intellectual disability felt was important about these activities in their local communities. In this paper, we explore how the involvement of people with intellectual disability has shaped the outcomes of the review and implications for research and practice.MethodsWe completed a review of local‐level inclusion‐building initiatives. We translated the results into accessible formats and our inclusive research team used these to involve six people with intellectual disability in New South Wales, Australia, in exploring their priorities around kinds of activities, quality and depth of inclusion in their local communities.FindingsThe data showed that people wanted to share their deep, rich insights and questions about the things that drive inclusion and exclusion—not only their views about the effectiveness of particular kinds of activities.ConclusionsImplications for future policy and practice are that consultation should not be framed narrowly, but invite people with intellectual disability into conversation about change‐making at community and societal levels, as well as seeking their views on specific initiatives and activities. This opens up new opportunities to respond to the priorities of people with intellectual disability in local community‐building.