bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Micro‐Nano Motors with Taxis Behavior: Principles, Designs, and Biomedical Applications
Authors: Gao Chao , Feng Ye , Wilson Daniela A. , Tu Yingfeng , Peng Fei 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAs a novel mobile nanodevice, micro‐nano motors (MNMs) can convert the energy of the surrounding environment into mechanical motion. With this unique ability, they promise revolutionary potential in bio‐applications including precise drug delivery, bio‐sensing, and noninvasive surgery. Yet for practically reaching the target and fulfilling these tasks in dynamically changing bio‐environment, environment adaptivity beyond propulsion is important yet challenging. MNMs with taxis behavior/autonomous target‐seeking ability offer a desirable solution. These motors can adaptively move to the target location and complete the task. Thanks to the persistent efforts of researchers, tactic MNMs have shown automatic navigation to target under various energy fields, not only in static environments, but also in shear rheological conditions that simulate blood flow. Therefore, tactic motors with self‐targeting capability lay a concrete foundation for targeted drug delivery, cell transplantation, and thrombus ablation. This review systematically presents the moving principle, design, and biological applications of tactic MNMs under different energy fields. Through in‐depth analysis of state‐of‐art progress, the obstacles of the field and possible solutions are discussed. With the continuous innovation and breakthroughs of multi‐disciplinary researchers, MNMs with taxis behavior are expected to provide a revolutionary solution for cancer and other major diseases in the biomedical field.
Composition and Structure Optimized BiFeO3‐SrTiO3 Lead‐Free Ceramics with Ultrahigh Energy Storage Performance
Authors: Yan Fei , Bai Hairui , Ge Guanglong , Lin Jinfeng , Shi Cheng , Zhu Kun , Shen Bo , Zhai Jiwei , Zhang Shujun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDielectric ceramic capacitors have attracted increasing attention as advanced pulsed power devices and modern electronic systems owing to their fast charge/discharge speed and high power density. However, it is challenging to meet the urgent needs of lead‐free ceramics with superior energy storage performance in practical applications. Herein, a strategy for the composition and structural modification is proposed to overcome the current challenge. The lead‐free ceramics composed of BiFeO3‐SrTiO3 are fabricated. A low hysteresis and high polarization can be achieved via composition optimization. The experimental results and finite element simulations indicate that the two‐step sintering method significantly influences the decrease in the grain size and improvement in the breakdown strength (EBDS). A high EBDS of ≈750 kV cm−1 accompanied by a large maximum polarization (≈40 µC cm−2) and negligible remanent polarization (<2 µC cm−2) contribute to the ultrahigh energy density and efficiency values of the order of 8.4 J cm−3 and ≈90%, respectively. Both energy density and efficiency exhibit excellent stability over the frequency range of 1–100 Hz and temperatures up to 120 °C, along with the superior power density of 280 MW cm−3, making the studied BiFeO3‐SrTiO3 ceramics potentially useful for high‐power energy storage applications.
Interfacial Electron Redistribution of Hydrangea‐like NiO@Ni2P Heterogeneous Microspheres with Dual‐Phase Synergy for High‐Performance Lithium–Oxygen Battery
Authors: Yan Yu , Ran Zhiqun , Zeng Ting , Wen Xiaojuan , Xu HaoYang , Li Runjing , Zhao Chuan , Shu Chaozhu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLithium–oxygen batteries (LOBs) with ultra‐high theoretical energy density (≈3500 Wh kg−1) are considered as the most promising energy storage systems. However, the sluggish kinetics during the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) can induce large voltage hysteresis, inferior roundtrip efficiency and unsatisfactory cyclic stability. Herein, hydrangea‐like NiO@Ni2P heterogeneous microspheres are elaborately designed as high‐efficiency oxygen electrodes for LOBs. Benefitting from the interfacial electron redistribution on NiO@Ni2P heterostructure, the electronic structure can be modulated to ameliorate the chemisorption of the intermediates, which is confirmed by density functional theory (DFT) calculations and experimental characterizations. In addition, the interpenetration of the PO bond at the NiO@Ni2P heterointerface leads to the internal doping effect, thereby boosting electron transfer to further improve ORR and OER activities. As a result, the NiO@Ni2P electrode shows a low overpotential of only 0.69 V, high specific capacity of 18254.1 mA h g−1 and superior long‐term cycling stability of over 1400 h. The exploration of novel bifunctional electrocatalyst in this work provides a new solution for the practical application of LOBs.
Leaving a long suture tag on canine ovarian pedicle ligatures to facilitate ease of relocation in case of haemorrhage
Authors: Maza Paul 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAn approximately 6‐year‐old, obese, deep‐chested dog presented to a sterilisation clinic for a routine ovariohysterectomy surgery. Significant intraoperative haemorrhage was observed from one of the ligated ovarian arteries. Exploratory surgery was performed to locate the bleeding tissue and additional ligatures were placed. This took several minutes due to impairment of visualisation from blood and tissues. After re‐ligation of the bleeding tissue, haemorrhage ceased and the patient recovered uneventfully. A long suture tag was left on ovarian pedicle ligatures in subsequent canine ovariohysterectomy surgeries to help locate bleeding pedicles more quickly. This case report describes the use of long suture tags left on the ovarian pedicle during ovariohysterectomy, with details on the properties of the suture used, that allows for this technique to be safe and effective in expediting identification of the pedicle in case of haemorrhage.
Use of a folded lip‐to‐nose flap for unilateral reconstruction of the nasal planum in a dog
Authors: Logothetou Vasileia , Harper Aaron , Shimizu Naomi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA 12‐year‐old female neutered Labrador retriever was referred for treatment of a right nasal carcinoma. Surgical excision was performed and included a right unilateral planectomy with partial right rostral upper lip resection. The medial mucosa of the nasal vestibule was preserved as well as the mucocutaneous junction of the right rostral upper lip. The preserved right rostral upper lip was folded to reconstruct the entire circumference of a new nasal orifice. A dorsomedial hinged buccal mucosal flap was used to replace the lateral mucosa of the new nasal vestibule. Two weeks postoperatively, wound healing was uneventful and no stertor was observed. Nasal endoscopy confirmed patency of the nasal stoma and good mucosal healing in the new nasal vestibule. Three months postoperatively, the dog was reported bright with very mild stertor, but tumour recurrence was suspected on the nasal philtrum. This folded lip‐to‐nose flap healed successfully, providing a good cosmetic appearance.
Adsorption of Acid Orange and Reactive Red by DK110 Loaded Ionic Liquid
Authors: Ma Xintao , Zhang Yu , Ma Xinxin , Zhao Na , Chu Xiaoxiao , Ma Songmei , Liu Chunping , Xu Wenlong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWastewater treatment has always been a topic of concern. Adsorption is one of the commonly‐used methods to treat the dye wastewater. In this work, epichlorohydrin and N‐methylimidazole based ionic liquid were bonded to DK110 resin to synthesize a modified resin (ILDK110) loaded with an ionic liquid. Then infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis were used to characterize the successful synthesis of ILDK110. The absorption functions of modified resins on reactive red and acid orange under different temperatures, dye concentrations and pH were investigated. The experimental results show that the adsorption amount of ILDK110 increases with the rise of temperature. At 35 °C, the adsorption amount of acidic orange and reactive red reaches 109.45 mg/g and 111.94 mg/g respectively. The pH has little effect on the amount of adsorption. In the whole adsorption process, the adsorption of reactive red and acid orange by ILDK110 was more consistent with Langmuir isothermal model. The adsorption of acid orange is suitable to be described by the first‐order kinetic equation, while the adsorption of reactive red is more suitable by the description of the second‐order kinetic equation. Under experimental conditions, the removal rates of the modified resin on both the two dyes can reach over 99 %. Furthermore, after adsorption, the saturated resin is easy to be eluted with dilute hydrochloric acid solution, and the elution rate is more than 99 %.
Free vibration and buckling characteristics of porous functionally graded materials (FGMs) micro‐beams based on the modified couple stress theory
Authors: Teng Zhaochun , Wang Weibin , Gu Chunlong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBased on the modified couple stress theory (MCST), the free vibration and buckling characteristics of porous functionally graded materials micro‐beams (P‐FGMs and E‐FGMs) are studied. Firstly, two types of pore distribution are considered for functionally graded materials (FGMs) micro‐beams. The governing differential equations of free vibration and buckling of FGMs micro‐beams are derived by Hamilton's principle and dimensionless. Then, the dimensionless governing differential equations and their boundary conditions are transformed by differential transformation method (DTM), then the equivalent algebraic characteristic equations with natural frequencies are obtained. Finally, the dimensionless fundamental frequency and critical buckling load of the free vibration of the porous FGMs micro‐beam under four different boundary conditions of clamped‐clamped (C‐C), clamped‐simply supported (C‐S), simply supported‐simply supported (S‐S) and clamped‐free (C‐F) are calculated. The results are compared with the existing literature data, and the correctness is verified. The effects of porosity, scale parameter, stiffness ratio, axial load and gradient index on the dimensionless natural frequency and critical buckling load of FGMs micro‐beams are discussed.
Spinning S-matrix bootstrap in 4d
Authors: Hebbar Aditya , Karateev Denis , Penedones João 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We review unitarity and crossing constraints on scattering amplitudes for particles with spin in four dimensional quantum field theories. As an application we study two to two scattering of neutral spin 1/2 fermions in detail. Assuming Mandelstam analyticity of its scattering amplitude, we use the numerical S-matrix bootstrap method to estimate various non-perturbative bounds on quartic and cubic (Yukawa) couplings.
Multiplicative-accumulative matching of NLO calculations with parton showers
Authors: Nason Paolo , Salam Gavin P. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We propose a new approach for combining next-to-leading order (NLO) and parton shower (PS) calculations so as to obtain three core features: (a) applicability to general showers, as with the MC@NLO and POWHEG methods; (b) positive-weight events, as with the KrkNLO and POWHEG methods; and (c) all showering attributed to the parton shower code, as with the MC@NLO and KrkNLO methods. This is achieved by using multiplicative matching in phase space regions where the shower overestimates the matrix element and accumulative (additive) matching in regions where the shower underestimates the matrix element, an approach that can be viewed as a combination of the MC@NLO and KrkNLO methods.
Anomalies as obstructions: from dimensional lifts to swampland
Authors: Cheng Peng , Minasian Ruben , Theisen Stefan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We revisit the relation between the anomalies in four and six dimensions and the Chern-Simons couplings one dimension below. While the dimensional reduction of chiral theories is well-understood, the question which three and five-dimensional theories can come from a general circle reduction, and are hence liftable, is more subtle. We argue that existence of an anomaly cancellation mechanism is a necessary condition for liftability. In addition, the anomaly cancellation and the CS couplings in six and five dimensions respectively determine the central charges of string-like BPS objects that cannot be consistently decoupled from gravity, a.k.a. supergravity strings. Following the completeness conjecture and requiring that their worldsheet theory is unitary imposes bounds on the admissible theories. We argue that for the anomaly-free six-dimensional theories it is more advantageous to study the unitarity constraints obtained after reduction to five dimensions. In general these are slightly more stringent and can be cast in a more geometric form, highly reminiscent of the Kodaira positivity condition (KPC). Indeed, for the F-theoretic models which have an underlying Calabi-Yau threefold these can be directly compared. The unitarity constraints (UC) are in general weaker than KPC, and maybe useful in understanding the consistent models without F-theoretic realisation. We catalogue the cases when UC is more restrictive than KPC, hinting at more refined hidden structure in elliptic Calabi-Yau threefolds with certain singularity structure.
Finite size spectrum of the staggered six-vertex model with Uq($$ \mathfrak{sl} $$(2))-invariant boundary conditions
Authors: Frahm Holger , Gehrmann Sascha 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The finite size spectrum of the critical ℤ2-staggered spin-1/2 XXZ model with quantum group invariant boundary conditions is studied. For a particular (self-dual) choice of the staggering the spectrum of conformal weights of this model has been recently been shown to have a continuous component, similar as in the model with periodic boundary conditions whose continuum limit has been found to be described in terms of the non-compact SU(2, ℝ)/U(1) Euclidean black hole conformal field theory (CFT). Here we show that the same is true for a range of the staggering parameter. In addition we find that levels from the discrete part of the spectrum of this CFT emerge as the anisotropy is varied. The finite size amplitudes of both the continuous and the discrete levels are related to the corresponding eigenvalues of a quasi-momentum operator which commutes with the Hamiltonian and the transfer matrix of the model.
Comments on all-loop constraints for scattering amplitudes and Feynman integrals
Authors: He Song , Li Zhenjie , Yang Qinglin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We comment on the status of “Steinmann-like” constraints, i.e. all-loop constraints on consecutive entries of the symbol of scattering amplitudes and Feynman integrals in planar $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 super-Yang-Mills, which have been crucial for the recent progress of the bootstrap program. Based on physical discontinuities and Steinmann relations, we first summarize all possible double discontinuities (or first-two-entries) for (the symbol of) amplitudes and integrals in terms of dilogarithms, generalizing well-known results for n = 6, 7 to all multiplicities. As our main result, we find that extended-Steinmann relations hold for all finite integrals that we have checked, including various ladder integrals, generic double-pentagon integrals, as well as finite components of two-loop NMHV amplitudes for any n; with suitable normalization such as minimal subtraction, they hold for n = 8 MHV amplitudes at three loops. We find interesting cancellation between contributions from rational and algebraic letters, and for the former we have also tested cluster-adjacency conditions using the so-called Sklyanin brackets. Finally, we propose a list of possible last-two-entries for MHV amplitudes up to 9 points derived from $$ \overline{Q} $$

Q
¯

equations, which can be used to reduce the space of functions for higher-point MHV amplitudes.
Large power spectrum and primordial black holes in the effective theory of inflation
Authors: Ballesteros Guillermo , Céspedes Sebastián , Santoni Luca 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We study the generation of a large power spectrum, necessary for primordial black hole formation, within the effective theory of single-field inflation. The mechanisms we consider include a transition into a ghost-inflation-like phase and scenarios where an exponentially growing mode is temporarily turned on. In the cases we discuss, the enhancement in the power spectrum results from either a swift change in some effective coupling or a modification of the dispersion relation for the perturbations, while the background evolution remains unchanged and approximately de Sitter throughout inflation. The robustness of the results is guaranteed thanks to a weakly broken galileon symmetry, which protects the effective couplings against large quantum corrections. We discuss how the enhancement of the power spectrum is related to the energy scale of the operators with weakly broken galileon invariance, and study the limits imposed by strong coupling and the validity of the perturbative expansion.
Classical soft graviton theorem rewritten
Authors: Sahoo Biswajit , Sen Ashoke 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Classical soft graviton theorem gives the gravitational wave-form at future null infinity at late retarded time u for a general classical scattering. The large u expansion has three known universal terms: the constant term, the term proportional to 1/u and the term proportional to ln u/u2, whose coefficients are determined solely in terms of the momenta of incoming and the outgoing hard particles, including the momenta carried by outgoing gravitational and electromagnetic radiation produced during scattering. For the constant term, also known as the memory effect, the dependence on the momenta carried away by the final state radiation / massless particles is known as non-linear memory or null memory. It was shown earlier that for the coefficient of the 1/u term the dependence on the momenta of the final state massless particles / radiation cancels and the result can be written solely in terms of the momenta of the incoming particles / radiation and the final state massive particles. In this note we show that the same result holds for the coefficient of the ln u/u2 term. Our result implies that for scattering of massless particles the coefficients of the 1/u and ln u/u2 terms are determined solely by the incoming momenta, even if the particles coalesce to form a black hole and massless radiation. We use our result to compute the low frequency flux of gravitational radiation from the collision of massless particles at large impact parameter.
Ephemeral islands, plunging quantum extremal surfaces and BCFT channels
Authors: Hollowood Timothy J. , Kumar S. Prem , Legramandi Andrea , Talwar Neil 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We consider entanglement entropies of finite spatial intervals in Minkowski radiation baths coupled to the eternal black hole in JT gravity, and the related problem involving free fermion BCFT in the thermofield double state. We show that the non-monotonic entropy evolution in the black hole problem precisely matches that of the free fermion theory in a high temperature limit, and the results have the form expected for CFTs with quasiparticle description. Both exhibit rich behaviour that involves at intermediate times, an entropy saddle with an island in the former case, and in the latter a special class of disconnected OPE channels. The quantum extremal surfaces start inside the horizon, but can emerge from and plunge back inside as time evolves, accompanied by a characteristic dip in the entropy also seen in the free fermion BCFT. Finally an entropy equilibrium is reached with a no-island saddle.
Entropic order parameters in weakly coupled gauge theories
Authors: Casini Horacio , Magán Javier M. , Martínez Pedro J. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The entropic order parameters measure in a universal geometric way the statistics of non-local operators responsible for generalized symmetries. In this article, we compute entropic order parameters in weakly coupled gauge theories. To perform this computation, the natural route of evaluating expectation values of physical (smeared) non-local operators is prevented by known difficulties in constructing suitable smeared Wilson loops. We circumvent this problem by studying the smeared non-local class operators in the enlarged non-gauge invariant Hilbert space. This provides a generic approach for smeared operators in gauge theories and explicit formulas at weak coupling. In this approach, the Wilson and ’t Hooft loops are labeled by the full weight and co-weight lattices respectively. We study generic Lie groups and discuss couplings with matter fields. Smeared magnetic operators, as opposed to the usual infinitely thin ones, have expectation values that approach one at weak coupling. The corresponding entropic order parameter saturates to its maximum topological value, except for an exponentially small correction, which we compute. On the other hand, smeared ’t Hooft loops and their entropic disorder parameter are exponentially small. We verify that both behaviors match the certainty relation for the relative entropies. In particular, we find upper and lower bounds (that differ by a factor of 2) for the exact coefficient of the linear perimeter law for thin loops at weak coupling. This coefficient is unphysical/non-universal for line operators. We end with some comments regarding the RG flows of entropic parameters through perturbative beta functions.
Ins and outs of AlphaFold2 transmembrane protein structure predictions
Authors: Hegedűs Tamás , Geisler Markus , Lukács Gergely László , Farkas Bianka 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTransmembrane (TM) proteins are major drug targets, but their structure determination, a prerequisite for rational drug design, remains challenging. Recently, the DeepMind’s AlphaFold2 machine learning method greatly expanded the structural coverage of sequences with high accuracy. Since the employed algorithm did not take specific properties of TM proteins into account, the reliability of the generated TM structures should be assessed. Therefore, we quantitatively investigated the quality of structures at genome scales, at the level of ABC protein superfamily folds and for specific membrane proteins (e.g. dimer modeling and stability in molecular dynamics simulations). We tested template-free structure prediction with a challenging TM CASP14 target and several TM protein structures published after AlphaFold2 training. Our results suggest that AlphaFold2 performs well in the case of TM proteins and its neural network is not overfitted. We conclude that cautious applications of AlphaFold2 structural models will advance TM protein-associated studies at an unexpected level.
Derivation of a one-dimensional von Kármán theory for viscoelastic ribbons
Authors: Friedrich Manuel , Machill Lennart 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe consider a two-dimensional model of viscoelastic von Kármán plates in the Kelvin’s-Voigt’s rheology derived from a three-dimensional model at a finite-strain setting in Friedrich and Kružík (Arch Ration Mech Anal 238: 489–540, 2020). As the width of the plate goes to zero, we perform a dimension-reduction from 2D to 1D and identify an effective one-dimensional model for a viscoelastic ribbon comprising stretching, bending, and twisting both in the elastic and the viscous stress. Our arguments rely on the abstract theory of gradient flows in metric spaces by Sandier and Serfaty (Commun Pure Appl Math 57:1627–1672, 2004) and complement the$$\Gamma $$Γ-convergence analysis of elastic von Kármán ribbons in Freddi et al. (Meccanica 53:659–670, 2018). Besides convergence of the gradient flows, we also show convergence of associated time-discrete approximations, and we provide a corresponding commutativity result.