bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A General Framework of Nonparametric Feature Selection in High-Dimensional Data
Authors: Yu Hang , Wang Yuanjia , Zeng Donglin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNonparametric feature selection for high-dimensional data is an important and challenging problem in the fields of statistics and machine learning. Most of the existing methods for feature selection focus on parametric or additive models which may suffer from model misspecification. In this paper, we propose a new framework to perform nonparametric feature selection for both regression and classification problems. Under this framework, we learn prediction functions through empirical risk minimization over a reproducing kernel Hilbert space. The space is generated by a novel tensor product kernel, which depends on a set of parameters that determines the importance of the features. Computationally, we minimize the empirical risk with a penalty to estimate the prediction and kernel parameters simultaneously. The solution can be obtained by iteratively solving convex optimization problems. We study the theoretical property of the kernel feature space and prove the oracle selection property and Fisher consistency of our proposed method. Finally, we demonstrate the superior performance of our approach compared to existing methods via extensive simulation studies and applications to two real studies.
Plan pursuit in the context of daily fruit and vegetable consumption: The importance of cue detection and the execution of the planned behaviour for overall behaviour change
Authors: Domke Antonia , Keller Jan , Knoll Nina , Sniehotta Falko F. , Heuse Silke , Wiedemann Amelie U. 
Published: March 2022

ObjectivesIn action planning interventions, individuals specify and link cues with behavioural responses to implement behaviour change. To date, not much is known about how and how much the detection of the planned cue (entering and identifying the planned situation) and the execution of the planned behaviour (behavioural response exactly as planned) contribute to overall behavioural changes (changes in target behaviour) achieved by individuals. Using data from an intervention on daily fruit and vegetable (FV) action planning, this study aimed to test whether individuals’ cue detection and execution of the planned behaviour are positively related to overall FV intake.DesignSecondary data analyses examined diary data of the intervention condition of a randomized controlled trial. Ninety participants (80% female, aged 19–63 years) formed one FV plan and completed a 13‐days post‐intervention self‐report diary assessing daily FV consumption and situational characteristics of each consumed FV serving. Based on these self‐reports and participants’ FV plan, day‐to‐day cue detection and the execution of the planned behaviour were coded.MethodsWith two‐level models, cue detection and the execution of the planned behaviour were examined as between‐ and within‐person predictors of daily FV intake.ResultsHigher between‐person execution of the planned behaviour (+1.68 daily servings), higher‐than‐usual within‐person cue detection (+0.46 daily servings), and higher‐than‐usual within‐person execution of the planned behaviour (+0.29 daily servings) were associated with more overall FV intake.ConclusionsDetecting planned cues (within‐person) and executing the planned behaviour (between‐ and within‐person) are important for overall FV intake.
Hydroxysafflor yellow A protects against ulcerative colitis via suppressing TLR4/NF‐κB signaling pathway
Authors: Feng Zhibing , Zhou Ping , Wu Xiao , Zhang Junbiao , Zhang Min 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHydroxysafflower yellow A (HSYA) protects against acute kidney injury through TLR4/NF‐κB pathway. However, the effect and potential mechanism of HSYA in ulcerative colitis (UC) have been rarely reported, which is thus investigated in this research. An in vivo UC model was established by oral administration of 5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in Sprague–Dawley rats. After HSYA treatment, the daily body weight and colon length of rats were measured. Then rat colon tissues, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and the levels of inflammatory cytokines were examined by histopathological examination (HE) staining, immunohistochemistry, ultraviolet spectrophotometry, and enzyme‐linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) respectively. The activated TLR4/NF‐κB pathway was detected by Western blot. RAW 264.7 cell viability was detected by MTT assay after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment, and ELISA and Western blot were performed again to investigate the effects of HSYA on LPS‐treated cells. DSS administration increased body weight and colon length of rats and induced colon tissue injury. DSS or LPS treatment up‐regulated the levels of TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6 and activated TLR4/NF‐κB pathway of colon tissues and cells, respectively. HSYA partially reversed the above effect of DSS and LPS treatment, and the effects of the drug were improved with the dosage. Taken together, HSYA alleviates UC by suppressing TLR4/NF‐κB signaling pathway, which may provide a new insight for the treatment of UC.
Preschool children’s use of meta‐talk to make rational collaborative decisions
Authors: Hartwell Kirstie , Brandt Silke , Boundy Laura , Barton Grace , Köymen Bahar 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn collaborative decision‐making, partners compare reasons behind conflicting proposals through meta‐talk. We investigated UK‐based preschoolers’ (mixed socioeconomic status) use of meta‐talk (Data collection: 2018–2020). In Study 1, 5‐ and 7‐year‐old peer dyads (N = 128, 61 girls) heard conflicting claims about an animal from two informants. One prefaced her claim with “I know”; the other with “I think”. Dyads identified the more reliable informant through meta‐talk (“She said she knows”). In Study 2, 3‐ and 5‐year‐olds (N = 64, 34 girls) searched for a toy with an adult partner making incorrect proposals. Children refuted this through reporting what they had witnessed (It cannot be there because “I saw it move”, “she moved it”). In preschool period, children start using meta‐talk to make rational collaborative decisions.
How to manage weight loss in women with obesity and PCOS seeking fertility?
Authors: Hazlehurst Jonathan M. , Singh Pushpa , Bhogal Gurkiran , Broughton Sophie , Tahrani Abd A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObesity exacerbates the phenotype of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) including infertility as well as reducing the efficacy and access to fertility treatments. Weight management is, therefore, a key component of treatment for women with PCOS and coexistent obesity. Many women with PCOS describe significant difficulty losing weight and treatment options are limited. The first‐line treatment is lifestyle interventions though the weight loss and any impact on fertility are limited. No one dietary strategy can be preferentially recommended based on current evidence. While very low energy diets can result in significant weight loss the evidence for impact on fertility is limited. Pharmacotherapy, including a range of treatments can result in marked weight loss and there is some evidence of improved rates of conception including spontaneous and in response to assisted reproduction treatment. As with pharmacotherapy, data regarding bariatric surgery is largely from nonrandomized studies and though the significant weight loss is anticipated to improve fertility the available data prevents firm conclusions. Clinicians and patients must consider the magnitude of weight loss to be targeted as well as the anticipated fertility treatment required and the timeline of treatment when deciding upon the personalized weight loss strategy. Clinicians and patients should be confident in targeting the most appropriate treatment early in the patient's management to avoid unnecessary delays.
Update on the clinical management of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1
Authors: Pieterman Carolina R. C. , Valk Gerlof D. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis review provides an overview of novel insights in the clinical management of patients with Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1, focusing on the last decade since the last update of the MEN1 guidelines. With regard to Diagnosis: Mutation‐negative patients with 2/3 main manifestations have a different clinical course compared to mutation‐positive patients. As for primary hyperparathyroidism: subtotal parathyroidectomy is the initial procedure of choice. Current debate centres around the timing of initial parathyroidectomy as well as the controversial topic of unilateral clearance in young patients. For duodenopancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (NETs), the main challenge is accurate and individualized risk stratification to enable personalized surveillance and treatment. Thymus NETs remain one of the most aggressive MEN1‐related tumours. Lung NETs are more frequent than previously thought, generally indolent, but rare aggressive cases do occur. Pituitary adenomas are most often prolactinomas and nonfunctioning microadenomas with an excellent prognosis and good response to therapy. Breast cancer is recognized as part of the MEN1 syndrome in women and periodical screening is advised. Clinically relevant manifestations are already seen at the paediatric age and initiating screening in the second decade is advisable. MEN1 has a significant impact on quality of life and US data show a significant financial burden. In conclusion, patient outcomes have improved, but much is still to be achieved. For care tailored to the needs of the individual patient and improving outcomes on an individual basis, studies are now needed to define predictors of tumour behaviour and effects of more individualized interventions.
Subject factors influencing blood flow restriction in the arm at low cuff pressures
Authors: Meek Anthony W. , Heavrin Adam M. , Mikesky Alan E. , Segal Neil A. , Riley Zachary A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundLimb circumference predicts the pressure needed for complete occlusion. However, that relationship is inconsistent at moderate pressures typical of effective blood flow restriction (BFR) training. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of subject factors on BFR at low restriction pressures in the arm.MethodsFifty subjects had arm anthropometrics assessed by peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT), sum of skinfold thickness (sumSKF) and Gulick tape (Gulick tape circumference [Gulick Circ.]) at cuff level. Blood flow (BF) was measured with ultrasound at baseline and five restrictive pressures (20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 mmHg). Relationships between subject characteristics and BFR were assessed using Pearson's correlations and hierarchical regression.ResultsBF decreased (p < 0.05) at each incremental pressure. Regression models including percent muscle composition (%Muscle), pQCT circumference and systolic blood pressure (SBP), were significant at all five pressures (R2 = 0.18–0.49). %Muscle explained the most variance at each pressure. Regression models including sumSKF, Gulick Circ. and SBP, were significant at 30–60 mmHg (R2 = 0.28–0.49). SumSKF explained the most variance at each pressure.ConclusionsAt low pressures (20–60 mmHg), there is considerable variability in the magnitude of BFR across individuals. Arm composition factors (muscle and fat) explained the greatest variance at each cuff pressure and may be the most important consideration when using BFR protocols.
Advancing an agile regulatory ecosystem to respond to the rapid development of innovative technologies
Authors: ElZarrad M. Khair , Lee Aaron Y. , Purcell Rose , Steele Scott J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTechnological advancements are dramatically changing the landscape of therapeutic development. The convergence of advances in computing power, analytical methods, artificial intelligence, novel digital health tools, and cloud‐based platforms has the potential to power an exponential acceleration of evidence generation. For regulatory agencies responsible for evidence evaluation and oversight of medical products, these advances present both promises and challenges. Ultimately, realizing the translation and impact of these innovations that could potentially enhance therapeutic development and improve the health of individuals and the public will require a nimble and responsive regulatory approach. Supporting an adaptive policy‐making infrastructure that is poised to address novel regulatory considerations, creating a workforce to ensure relevant expertise, and fostering more diverse collaborations with a broader group of stakeholders are steps toward the goal of modernizing the regulatory ecosystem. This article outlines approaches that can help provide the flexibility and tools needed to foster innovation, while ensuring the safety and effectiveness of medical products.
European Academy of Neurology guidance for developing and reporting clinical practice guidelines on rare neurological diseases
Authors: Aleksovska Katina , Kobulashvili Teia , Costa Joao , Zimmermann Georg , Ritchie Karen , Reinhard Carola , Vignatelli Luca , Fanciulli Alessandra , Damian Maxwel , Pavlakova Lucia , Burgunder Jean‐Marc , Kopishinskaya Svetlana , Rakusa Martin , Kovacs Norbert , Erdogan Fusun Ferda , Linton Lori Renna , Copetti Massimiliano , Lamperti Costanza , Servidei Serenella , Evangelista Theresina , Ayme Segolene , Pareyson Davide , Sellner Johann , Krarup Christian , de Visser Marianne , van den Bergh Peter , Toscano Antonio , Graessner Holm , Berger Thomas , Bassetti Claudio , Vidailhet Marie , Trinka Eugene , Deuschl Guenther , Federico Antonio , Leone Maurizio A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeRare diseases affect up to 29 million people in the European Union, and almost 50% of them affect the nervous system or muscles. Delays in diagnosis and treatment onset and insufficient treatment choices are common. Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) may improve the diagnosis and treatment of patients and optimize care pathways, delivering the best scientific evidence to all clinicians treating these patients. Recommendations are set for developing and reporting high‐quality CPGs on rare neurological diseases (RNDs) within the European Academy of Neurology (EAN), through a consensus procedure.MethodsA group of 27 experts generated an initial list of items that were evaluated through a two‐step Delphi consensus procedure and a face‐to‐face meeting. The final list of items was reviewed by an external review group of 58 members.ResultsThe consensus procedure yielded 63 final items. Items are listed according to the domains of the AGREE instruments and concern scope and purpose, stakeholder involvement, rigour of development, and applicability. Additional items consider reporting and ethical issues. Recommendations are supported by practical examples derived from published guidelines and are presented in two tables: (1) items specific to RND CPGs, and general guideline items of special importance for RNDs, or often neglected; (2) items for guideline development within the EAN.ConclusionsThis guidance aims to provide solutions to the issues specific to RNDs. This consensus document, produced by many experts in various fields, is considered to serve as a starting point for further harmonization and for increasing the quality of CPGs in the field of RNDs.
A new chaotic Lévy flight distribution optimization algorithm for solving constrained engineering problems
Authors: Yıldız Betül Sultan , Kumar Sumit , Pholdee Nantiwat , Bureerat Sujin , Sait Sadiq M. , Yildiz Ali Riza 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis work proposed a new metaheuristic dubbed as Chaotic Lévy flight distribution (CLFD) algorithm, to address physical world engineering optimization problems that incorporate the chaotic maps in the elementary Lévy flight distribution (LFD). Hybridization aims to increase the LFD rate of convergence while also providing a problem‐free optimization approach. The proposed methodology is investigated for five case studies of constrained optimization issues followed by shape optimization of structural design. The outcomes from the CFLD algorithm are further contrasted with its fundamental version and other distinguished recently introduced algorithms. The computational analysis illustrates the dominance of CLFD over other considered optimizers. Moreover, the present investigation shows that CLFD is a robust technique that can efficiently find optimal mechanical design problems with a proper chaotic map selection.
Fuzzy inference system for failure strength estimation of plain and notched 3D‐printed polylactide components
Authors: Tu Ruixuan , Gitman Inna , Susmel Luca 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA fuzzy sets based computational fuzzy inference system has been used to estimate the failure strength of 3D‐printed polylactide components. The research has confirmed and validated the accuracy and reliability of this approach with a satisfying level of reliability. As far as failure strength is concerned, the following two types of input parameters have been considered: (i) manufacturing variables (i.e., manufacturing angle, infill density, and size of manufacturing voids) and (ii) geometrical features (i.e., notch root radius). The individual significance of the various parameters under investigation has been identified together with the influence on the estimation accuracy of the number of specimens being used. The fuzzy inference system has shown an accuracy improvement compared to the failure strength estimation, obtained as a result of an existing analytical method. The fuzzy inference system approach has also been shown to have a good potential as a decision‐making tool in design problems.
Glacier shrinkage will accelerate downstream decomposition of organic matter and alters microbiome structure and function
Authors: Kohler Tyler J. , Fodelianakis Stilianos , Michoud Grégoire , Ezzat Leïla , Bourquin Massimo , Peter Hannes , Busi Susheel Bhanu , Pramateftaki Paraskevi , Deluigi Nicola , Styllas Michail , Tolosano Matteo , de Staercke Vincent , Schön Martina , Brandani Jade , Marasco Ramona , Daffonchio Daniele , Wilmes Paul , Battin Tom J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe shrinking of glaciers is among the most iconic consequences of climate change. Despite this, the downstream consequences for ecosystem processes and related microbiome structure and function remain poorly understood. Here, using a space‐for‐time substitution approach across 101 glacier‐fed streams (GFSs) from six major regions worldwide, we investigated how glacier shrinkage is likely to impact the organic matter (OM) decomposition rates of benthic biofilms. To do this, we measured the activities of five common extracellular enzymes and estimated decomposition rates by using enzyme allocation equations based on stoichiometry. We found decomposition rates to average 0.0129 (% d−1), and that decreases in glacier influence (estimated by percent glacier catchment coverage, turbidity, and a glacier index) accelerates decomposition rates. To explore mechanisms behind these relationships, we further compared decomposition rates with biofilm and stream water characteristics. We found that chlorophyll‐a, temperature, and stream water N:P together explained 61% of the variability in decomposition. Algal biomass, which is also increasing with glacier shrinkage, showed a particularly strong relationship with decomposition, likely indicating their importance in contributing labile organic compounds to these carbon‐poor habitats. We also found high relative abundances of chytrid fungi in GFS sediments, which putatively parasitize these algae, promoting decomposition through a fungal shunt. Exploring the biofilm microbiome, we then sought to identify bacterial phylogenetic clades significantly associated with decomposition, and found numerous positively (e.g., Saprospiraceae) and negatively (e.g., Nitrospira) related clades. Lastly, using metagenomics, we found evidence of different bacterial classes possessing different proportions of EEA‐encoding genes, potentially informing some of the microbial associations with decomposition rates. Our results, therefore, present new mechanistic insights into OM decomposition in GFSs by demonstrating that an algal‐based “green food web” is likely to increase in importance in the future and will promote important biogeochemical shifts in these streams as glaciers vanish.
Climate oscillations drive millennial‐scale changes in seabird colony size
Authors: Duda Matthew P. , Cyr Frédéric , Robertson Gregory J. , Michelutti Neal , Meyer‐Jacob Carsten , Hedd April , Montevecchi William A. , Kimpe Linda E. , Blais Jules M. , Smol John P. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSeabird population size is intimately linked to the physical, chemical, and biological processes of the oceans. Yet, the overall effects of long‐term changes in ocean dynamics on seabird colonies are difficult to quantify. Here, we used dated lake sediments to reconstruct ~10,000‐years of seabird dynamics in the Northwest Atlantic to determine the influences of Holocene‐scale climatic oscillations on colony size. On Baccalieu Island (Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada)—where the world's largest colony of Leach's storm‐petrel (Hydrobates leucorhous Vieillot 1818) currently breeds—our data track seabird colony growth in response to warming during the Holocene Thermal Maximum (ca. 9000 to 6000 BP). From ca. 5200 BP to the onset of the Little Ice Age (ca. 550 BP), changes in colony size were correlated to variations in the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). By contrasting the seabird trends from Baccalieu Island to millennial‐scale changes of storm‐petrel populations from Grand Colombier Island (an island in the Northwest Atlantic that is subjected a to different ocean climate), we infer that changes in NAO influenced the ocean circulation, which translated into, among many things, changes in pycnocline depth across the Northwest Atlantic basin where the storm‐petrels feed. We hypothesize that the depth of the pycnocline is likely a strong bottom‐up control on surface‐feeding storm‐petrels through its influence on prey accessibility. Since the Little Ice Age (LIA), the effects of ocean dynamics on seabird colony size have been altered by anthropogenic impacts. Subsequently, the colony on Baccalieu Island grew at an unprecedented rate to become the world's largest resulting from favorable conditions linked to climate warming, increased vegetation (thereby nesting habitat), and attraction of recruits from other colonies that are now in decline. We show that although ocean dynamics were an important driver of seabird colony dynamics, its recent influence has been modified by human interference.
Extraordinary everydayness: Young people's affective engagements with the country of origin through digital media and transnational mobility
Authors: Anschütz Sarah 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLiterature on transnational families has established that both digital media and visits are important to maintaining relationships across distance. While studies foreground family ties and adult perspectives, few have focused on how young people create and experience affective engagements with the country of origin. This is largely because youth mobility has either been ignored or studied retrospectively from the country of residence. This study investigates youth mobility as it unfolds and explores what transpires during country‐of‐origin visits. Drawing on 18 months of ethnographic fieldwork in Belgium and Ghana with 25 young people of Ghanaian background, I argue that young people experience an extraordinary everydayness during visits to Ghana. Young people build affective connections with people and places through digital media before, during and after visits. The resulting everydayness is extraordinary as it takes place in an unfamiliar space with peers previously only known in the online sphere.