bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kidney growth following preterm birth: evaluation with renal parenchyma ultrasonography
Authors: Brennan Sonja , Watson David L. , Rudd Donna M. , Kandasamy Yogavijayan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Preterm birth impairs nephrogenesis, leading to a reduced nephron endowment which is inextricably linked to hypertension and chronic kidney disease in adults. The aim of this study was to compare nephron endowment between preterm infants to that of intrauterine fetuses at the same gestational age (GA) using a novel indirect ultrasound measurement of the renal parenchymal thickness. We hypothesized that extrauterine and intrauterine renal parenchymal thickness would differ based on altered renal growth environments.

Methods
In this observational study, appropriately grown preterm infants (birth weight of between the 5th and 95th percentile) born <32 weeks, admitted to the neonatal department were eligible to participate. Renal parenchymal thickness of the infants was measured at 32- and 37-weeks postmenstrual age (PMA). These measurements were compared to the intrauterine renal parenchymal thickness of appropriately grown fetuses (control).

Results
At 32-weeks PMA, the preterm infants had a significantly thinner renal parenchyma compared to fetuses at 32-weeks GA suggesting they had less nephrons, however by 37-weeks there was no significant difference in renal parenchymal thickness.

Conclusions
We propose that the differences in the extrauterine growth of the renal parenchyma in preterm infants may be due to a reduced number of nephrons and compensatory hyperfiltration.

Impact

This article provides insight into the effects of prematurity on nephrogenesis by comparing extrauterine renal parenchymal growth of born preterm infants to the ideal intrauterine fetal growth.

Renal parenchyma thickness measurement using ultrasonography is a novel non-invasive measurement of renal development for the determination of nephron endowment.

Differences in the renal parenchymal thickness of the preterm infants may be due to a deficit in nephron number and compensatory hyperfiltration.
Intracellular CYTL1, a novel tumor suppressor, stabilizes NDUFV1 to inhibit metabolic reprogramming in breast cancer
Authors: Xue Wenwen , Li Xin , Li Wuhao , Wang Yixuan , Jiang Chengfei , Zhou Lin , Gao Jian , Yu Ying , Shen Yan , Xu Qiang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLoss-of-function mutations frequently occur in tumor suppressor genes, i.e., p53, during the malignant progression of various cancers. Whether any intrinsic suppressor carries a rare mutation is largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that intracellular cytokine-like protein 1 (CYTL1) plays a key role in preventing the robust glycolytic switching characteristic of breast cancer. A low intracellular CYTL1 level, not its mutation, is required for metabolic reprogramming. Breast cancer cells expressing an intracellular form of CYTL1 lacking a 1-22 aa signal peptide, ΔCYTL1, show significantly attenuated glucose uptake and lactate production, which is linked to the inhibition of cell growth and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, CYTL1 competitively binds the N-terminal sequence of NDUFV1 to block MDM2-mediated degradation by the proteasome, leading to the stability of the NDUFV1 protein. In addition to inducing increased NAD+ levels, NDUFV1 interacts with Src to attenuate LDHA phosphorylation at tyrosine 10 and reduce lactate production. Our results reveal, for the first time, that CYTL1 is a novel tumor suppressor. Its function in reversing metabolic reprogramming toward glycolysis may be very important for the development of novel antitumor strategies.
Visualizing rotation and reversal of the Néel vector through antiferromagnetic trichroism
Authors: Kimura Kenta , Otake Yutaro , Kimura Tsuyoshi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractConventional magnetic memories rely on bistable magnetic states, such as the up and down magnetization states in ferromagnets. Increasing the number of stable magnetic states in each cell, preferably composed of antiferromagnets without stray fields, promises to achieve higher-capacity memories. Thus far, such multi-stable antiferromagnetic states have been extensively studied in conducting systems. Here, we report on a striking optical response in the magnetoelectric collinear antiferromagnet Bi2CuO4, which is an insulating version of the representative spintronic material, CuMnAs, with four stable Néel vector orientations. We find that, due to a magnetoelectric effect in a visible range, which is enhanced by a peculiar local environment of Cu ions, absorption coefficient takes three discrete values depending on an angle between the propagation vector of light and the Néel vector—a phenomenon that we term antiferromagnetic trichroism. Furthermore, using this antiferromagnetic trichroism, we successfully visualize field-driven reversal and rotation of the Néel vector.
Somatic PMK-1/p38 signaling links environmental stress to germ cell apoptosis and heritable euploidy
Authors: Soltanmohammadi Najmeh , Wang Siyao , Schumacher Björn 
Published: February 2022

AbstractInheritance of stable and euploid genomes is a prerequisite for species maintenance. The DNA damage response in germ cells controls the integrity of heritable genomes. Whether and how somatic stress responses impact the quality control of germline genomes has remained unclear. Here, we show that PMK-1/p38-mediated stress signaling in intestinal cells is required for germ cell apoptosis amid ionizing radiation (IR)-induced or meiotic DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) inC. elegans. We demonstrate that intestinal PMK-1/p38 signaling regulates the germ cell death in response to environmental stress. The PMK-1/p38 target SYSM-1 is secreted from the intestine into the germline to trigger apoptosis of meiotic pachytene cells. Compromised PMK-1/p38 signaling in intestinal cells leads to stress-induced aneuploidy in the consequent generation. Our data suggest that somatic stress surveillance controls heritable genome integrity and euploidy.
Population-level deficit of homozygosity unveils CPSF3 as an intellectual disability syndrome gene
Authors: Arnadottir Gudny A. , Oddsson Asmundur , Jensson Brynjar O. , Gisladottir Svanborg , Simon Mariella T. , Arnthorsson Asgeir O. , Katrinardottir Hildigunnur , Fridriksdottir Run , Ivarsdottir Erna V. , Jonasdottir Adalbjorg , Jonasdottir Aslaug , Barrick Rebekah , Saemundsdottir Jona , le Roux Louise , Oskarsson Gudjon R. , Asmundsson Jurate , Steffensen Thora , Gudmundsson Kjartan R. , Ludvigsson Petur , Jonsson Jon J. , Masson Gisli , Jonsdottir Ingileif , Holm Hilma , Jonasson Jon G. , Magnusson Olafur Th. , Thorarensen Olafur , Abdenur Jose , Norddahl Gudmundur L. , Gudbjartsson Daniel F. , Bjornsson Hans T. , Thorsteinsdottir Unnur , Sulem Patrick , Stefansson Kari 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPredicting the pathogenicity of biallelic missense variants can be challenging. Here, we use a deficit of observed homozygous carriers of missense variants, versus an expected number in a set of 153,054 chip-genotyped Icelanders, to identify potentially pathogenic genotypes. We follow three missense variants with a complete deficit of homozygosity and find that their pathogenic effect in homozygous state ranges from severe childhood disease to early embryonic lethality. One of these variants is in CPSF3, a gene not previously linked to disease. From a set of clinically sequenced Icelanders, and by sequencing archival samples targeted through the Icelandic genealogy, we find four homozygous carriers. Additionally, we find two homozygous carriers of Mexican descent of another missense variant in CPSF3. All six homozygous carriers of missense variants in CPSF3 show severe intellectual disability, seizures, microcephaly, and abnormal muscle tone. Here, we show how the absence of certain homozygous genotypes from a large population set can elucidate causes of previously unexplained recessive diseases and early miscarriage.
Placental genomics mediates genetic associations with complex health traits and disease
Authors: Bhattacharya Arjun , Freedman Anastasia N. , Avula Vennela , Harris Rebeca , Liu Weifang , Pan Calvin , Lusis Aldons J. , Joseph Robert M. , Smeester Lisa , Hartwell Hadley J. , Kuban Karl C. K. , Marsit Carmen J. , Li Yun , O’Shea T. Michael , Fry Rebecca C. , Santos Hudson P. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAs the master regulatorin utero, the placenta is core to the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) hypothesis but is historically understudied. To identify placental gene-trait associations (GTAs) across the life course, we perform distal mediator-enriched transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS) for 40 traits, integrating placental multi-omics from the Extremely Low Gestational Age Newborn Study. At$$P \; < \; 2.5\times {10}^{-6}$$P<2.5×10−6, we detect 248 GTAs, mostly for neonatal and metabolic traits, across 176 genes, enriched for cell growth and immunological pathways. In aggregate, genetic effects mediated by placental expression significantly explain 4 early-life traits but no later-in-life traits. 89 GTAs show significant mediation through distal genetic variants, identifying hypotheses for distal regulation of GTAs. Investigation of one hypothesis in human placenta-derived choriocarcinoma cells reveal that knockdown of mediator geneEPS15upregulates predicted targetsSPATA13andFAM214A, both associated with waist-hip ratio in TWAS, and multiple genes involved in metabolic pathways. These results suggest profound health impacts of placental genomic regulation in developmental programming across the life course.
Consistent cooling benefits of silvopasture in the tropics
Authors: Zeppetello Lucas R. Vargas , Cook-Patton Susan C. , Parsons Luke A. , Wolff Nicholas H. , Kroeger Timm , Battisti David S. , Bettles Joseph , Spector June T. , Balakumar Arjun , Masuda Yuta J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAgroforestry systems have the potential to sequester carbon and offer numerous benefits to rural communities, but their capacity to offer valuable cooling services has not been quantified on continental scales. Here, we find that trees in pasturelands (“silvopasture”) across Latin America and Africa can offer substantial cooling benefits. These cooling benefits increase linearly by −0.32 °C to −2.4 °C per 10 metric tons of woody carbon per hectare, and importantly do not depend on the spatial extent of the silvopasture systems. Thus, even smallholders can reap important cooling services from intensifying their silvopasture practices. We then map where realistic (but ambitious) silvopasture expansion could counteract a substantial fraction of the local projected warming in 2050 due to climate change. Our findings indicate where and to what extent silvopasture systems can counteract local temperature increases from global climate change and help vulnerable communities adapt to a warming world.
Hair-cortisol and hair-BDNF as biomarkers of tinnitus loudness and distress in chronic tinnitus
Authors: Basso Laura , Boecking Benjamin , Neff Patrick , Brueggemann Petra , Peters Eva M. J. , Mazurek Birgit 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe role of stress and its neuroendocrine mediators in tinnitus is unclear. In this study, we measure cortisol as an indicator of hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis alterations and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) as a marker of adaptive neuroplasticity in hair of chronic tinnitus patients to investigate relationships with tinnitus-related and psychological factors. Cross-sectional data from chronic tinnitus inpatients were analyzed. Data collection included hair sampling, pure tone audiometry, tinnitus pitch and loudness matching, and psychometric questionnaires. Elastic net regressions with n-fold cross-validation were performed for cortisol (N = 91) and BDNF (N = 87). For hair-cortisol (R2 = 0.10), the strongest effects were sampling in autumn and body-mass index (BMI) (positive), followed by tinnitus loudness (positive) and smoking (negative). For hair-BDNF (R2 = 0.28), the strongest effects were hearing aid use, shift work (positive), and tinnitus loudness (negative), followed by smoking, tinnitus-related distress (Tinnitus Questionnaire), number of experienced traumatic events (negative), and physical health-related quality of life (Short Form-12 Health Survey) (positive). These findings suggest that in chronic tinnitus patients, higher perceived tinnitus loudness is associated with higher hair-cortisol and lower hair-BDNF, and higher tinnitus-related distress with lower hair-BDNF. Regarding hair-BDNF, traumatic experiences appear to have additional stress-related effects, whereas hearing aid use and high physical health-related quality of life appear beneficial. Implications include the potential use of hair-cortisol and hair-BDNF as biomarkers of tinnitus loudness or distress and the need for intensive future research into chronic stress-related HPA axis and neuroplasticity alterations in chronic tinnitus.
Impact of housing conditions on changes in youth’s mental health following the initial national COVID-19 lockdown: a cohort study
Authors: Groot Jonathan , Keller Amélie , Joensen Andrea , Nguyen Tri-Long , Nybo Andersen Anne-Marie , Strandberg-Larsen Katrine 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe aimed to investigate if declines in youth’s mental health during lockdown were dependent on housing condition among 7445 youth (median age ~ 20 years) from the Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC), with data collected at 18 years of age and again three weeks into the first national lockdown (April 2020). We examined associations between housing conditions (access to outdoor spaces, urbanicity, household density, and household composition) and changes in mental health (mental well-being, Quality of Life (QoL) and loneliness). We report results from multivariate linear and logistic regression models. Youth without access to outdoor spaces experienced greater declines in mental well-being (vs. garden; mean difference: − 0·75 (95% CI − 1·14, − 0·36)), and correspondingly greater odds of onset of low mental well-being (vs. garden; OR: 1·72 (95% CI 1·20, 2·48)). Youth in higher density households vs. below median or living alone vs. with parents only also had greater odds of onset of low mental well-being (OR: 1·26 (95% CI 1·08, 1·46) and OR: 1·62 (95% CI 1·17, 2·23), respectively). Living in denser households (vs. below median; OR: 1·18 (95% CI 1·06, 1·33), as well as living alone (vs. with parents; OR: 1·38 (95% CI 1·04, 1·82) was associated with onset of low QoL. Living alone more than doubled odds of onset of loneliness compared to living with parents, OR: 2·12 (95% CI 1·59, 2·82). Youth living alone, in denser households, and without direct access to outdoor spaces may be especially vulnerable to mental health declines.
Fluctuations in behavior and affect in college students measured using deep phenotyping
Authors: Vidal Bustamante Constanza M. , Coombs Garth , Rahimi-Eichi Habiballah , Mair Patrick , Onnela Jukka-Pekka , Baker Justin T. , Buckner Randy L. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCollege students commonly experience psychological distress when faced with intensified academic demands and changes in the social environment. Examining the nature and dynamics of students’ affective and behavioral experiences can help us better characterize the correlates of psychological distress. Here, we leveraged wearables and smartphones to study 49 first-year college students continuously throughout the academic year. Affect and sleep, academic, and social behavior showed substantial changes from school semesters to school breaks and from weekdays to weekends. Three student clusters were identified with behavioral and affective dissociations and varying levels of distress throughout the year. While academics were a common stressor for all, the cluster with highest distress stood out by frequent report of social stress. Moreover, the frequency of reporting social, but not academic, stress predicted subsequent clinical symptoms. Two years later, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the first-year cluster with highest distress again stood out by frequent social stress and elevated clinical symptoms. Focus on sustained interpersonal stress, relative to academic stress, might be especially helpful to identify students at heightened risk for psychopathology.
Fractional 2′-O-methylation in the ribosomal RNA of Dictyostelium discoideum supports ribosome heterogeneity in Amoebozoa
Authors: Diesend Jan , Birkedal Ulf , Kjellin Jonas , Zhang Jingwen , Jablonski Kim Philipp , Söderbom Fredrik , Nielsen Henrik , Hammann Christian 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA hallmark of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) are 2′-O-methyl groups that are introduced sequence specifically by box C/D small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) in ribonucleoprotein particles. Most data on this chemical modification and its impact on RNA folding and stability are derived from organisms of the Opisthokonta supergroup. Using bioinformatics and RNA-seq data, we identify 30 novel box C/D snoRNAs in Dictyostelium discoideum, many of which are differentially expressed during the multicellular development of the amoeba. By applying RiboMeth-seq, we find 49 positions in the 17S and 26S rRNA 2′-O-methylated. Several of these nucleotides are substoichiometrically modified, with one displaying dynamic modification levels during development. Using homology-based models for the D. discoideum rRNA secondary structures, we localize many modified nucleotides in the vicinity of the ribosomal A, P and E sites. For most modified positions, a guiding box C/D snoRNA could be identified, allowing to determine idiosyncratic features of the snoRNA/rRNA interactions in the amoeba. Our data from D. discoideum represents the first evidence for ribosome heterogeneity in the Amoebozoa supergroup, allowing to suggest that it is a common feature of all eukaryotes.
A behavioural correlate of the synaptic eligibility trace in the nucleus accumbens
Authors: Yamaguchi Kenji , Maeda Yoshitomo , Sawada Takeshi , Iino Yusuke , Tajiri Mio , Nakazato Ryosuke , Ishii Shin , Kasai Haruo , Yagishita Sho 
Published: February 2022

AbstractReward reinforces the association between a preceding sensorimotor event and its outcome. Reinforcement learning (RL) theory and recent brain slice studies explain the delayed reward action such that synaptic activities triggered by sensorimotor events leave a synaptic eligibility trace for 1 s. The trace produces a sensitive period for reward-related dopamine to induce synaptic plasticity in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). However, the contribution of the synaptic eligibility trace to behaviour remains unclear. Here we examined a reward-sensitive period to brief pure tones with an accurate measurement of an effective timing of water reward in head-fixed Pavlovian conditioning, which depended on the plasticity-related signaling in the NAc. We found that the reward-sensitive period was within 1 s after the pure tone presentation and optogenetically-induced presynaptic activities at the NAc, showing that the short reward-sensitive period was in conformity with the synaptic eligibility trace in the NAc. These findings support the application of the synaptic eligibility trace to construct biologically plausible RL models.
A quantum walk simulation of extra dimensions with warped geometry
Authors: Anglés-Castillo Andreu , Pérez Armando 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe investigate the properties of a quantum walk which can simulate the behavior of a spin 1/2 particle in a model with an ordinary spatial dimension, and one extra dimension with warped geometry between two branes. Such a setup constitutes a$$1+1$$1+1dimensional version of the Randall–Sundrum model, which plays an important role in high energy physics. In the continuum spacetime limit, the quantum walk reproduces the Dirac equation corresponding to the model, which allows to anticipate some of the properties that can be reproduced by the quantum walk. In particular, we observe that the probability distribution becomes, at large time steps, concentrated near the “low energy” brane, and can be approximated as the lowest eigenstate of the continuum Hamiltonian that is compatible with the symmetries of the model. In this way, we obtain a localization effect whose strength is controlled by a warp coefficient. In other words, here localization arises from the geometry of the model, at variance with the usual effect that is originated from random irregularities, as in Anderson localization. In summary, we establish an interesting correspondence between a high energy physics model and localization in quantum walks.
Real-world data from selective laser trabeculoplasty in Brazil
Authors: Abe Ricardo Y. , Maestrini Heloísa A. , Guedes Guilherme B. , Nascimento Marcelo M. , Iguma Camila I. , de Miranda Santos Hérika Danielle , Nasr Muna Georges , Lucena-Junior Ricarte P. , Prata Tiago S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEvaluate real-world data of outcomes from selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) performed in different regions of Brazil and investigate potential predictors of success associated with treatment. Multicenter retrospective case series with patients who underwent a primary SLT procedure. A total of 835 eyes from 835 patients were included. The mean follow-up was 916.8 ± 563.0 days. The mean age was 64.5 ± 14.9 years and 56.6% were women. We observed an intraocular pressure reduction comparing baseline to post-SLT measurements (18.4 ± 3.8 mmHg versus 14.8 ± 3.5 mmHg; P < 0.001) and mean number of glaucoma medications (1.8 ± 1.3 versus 1.4 ± 1.4; P < 0.001). We observed visual acuity loss over time (0.1 ± 0.3 versus 0.2 ± 0.3 logMAR, baseline and post-SLT, respectively, P = 0.009) and decrease in visual field mean deviation values (− 5.4 ± 5.9 versus − 5.7 ± 6.0 dB; P = 0.054) The Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed an estimated probability of treatment success of 88% at 12 months, declining to 70% at 24 months and 54% at 36 months post-SLT. In the multivariable model, we found that a denser angle pigmentation (HR 0.69; 95% CI 0.57–0.85, P = 0.001) and corticosteroid treatment following SLT (HR 0.59; 95% CI 0.39–0.91, P = 0.018) were significantly associated with a lower risk for failure. Primary SLT achieved relatively high success rates without sight-threating complications in this real-world study with a large sample of Brazilian patients. These findings corroborate previous studies regarding SLT outcomes and may help clinicians to identify the best candidates for laser treatment.
A Jurassic record encodes an analogous Dansgaard–Oeschger climate periodicity
Authors: Boulila Slah , Galbrun Bruno , Gardin Silvia , Pellenard Pierre 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEarth’s past climate exhibits short-term (1500-year) pronounced fluctuations during the last glacial period, called Dansgaard–Oeschger (DO) glacial events, which have never been detected in pre-Quaternary times. The record of DO equivalent climate variability in Mesozoic strata can provide constraints on understanding these events. Here we highlight a prominent 1500-year cyclicity in a Jurassic (~ 155 Ma) ice-free sedimentary record from the Tethyan Basin. This Jurassic 1500-year cyclicity is encoded in high-resolution magnetic susceptibility (MS) proxy data reflecting detrital variations, and expressed as marl-limestone couplets. Additionally, MS data detect the modulation of these DO-scale couplets by supercouplet sets, reflecting the precession and its harmonics. We suggest that this Jurassic DO-like cyclicity may originate from paleo-monsoon-like system, analogous to the record of DO events in the Pleistocene East Asian monsoon archives. Paleogeographic reconstructions and atmosphere–ocean simulations further support the potential existence of strong, ancient monsoon circulations in the Tethyan Basin during the Jurassic.