bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel Use of Wired Drill Pipe for Real Time Remotely Operating Controls System During Well Completions
Authors: Teelken R. , Wilenski T. , Mulholland J. , Øygarden H. A. , Lidal T. O. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The recent industry downturn has forced operators and contractors to re-think and look at different ways to reduce costs while improving the complete well delivery process. Compounding challenges are longer reservoir sections with more complex well trajectories and tighter geological constraints.
These complex drilling challenges have been successfully completed in the past, thru use of high-speed Wired Drill Pipe (WDP) telemetry (Schils et al. 2016; Teelken et al. 2016), where the WDP telemetry enabled bi-directional high-speed data transmission to and from downhole tools at speeds up to 57,600 bps (Olberg et al.2008).
Whilst the use of WDP telemetry within the ‘drilling phase’ of the well delivery process has become more accepted and implemented globally, providing improved performance and wellbore placement, the use of WDP during the ‘completions phase’ has never been attempted. That is, till today.
This paper focuses on the use of WDP during the ‘completion phase’, discussing the first ever application of the battery operated Remotely Operated Completion System (ROCS) on WDP, used offshore North Sea, for umbilical-less Tubing Hanger installation. The ROCS consists of redundant controls architecture and pumps to operate the electrical and hydraulic functions and read gauges.
Thru use of the highspeed WDP telemetry, the ROCS is controlled in real-time from topside to operate the Tubing Hanger Running Tool (THRT), Tubing Hanger (TH), downhole functions and downhole gauges, eliminating the need for the traditional umbilical deployed within the Marine Riser.
The WDP operated ROCS allows for a simplified system mobilization and operation, reducing total number of rig days and costs significantly.
The main advantages that will be discussed and shown include:
Eliminating the Electro-Hydraulic umbilical and handling equipment (costly associated equipment) Reduces personnel in red zone (umbilical-less: no clamping) Reduces/Eliminates rig interfaces, (such as Workover Control System (WOCS) container reducing the deck space demand, increasing rig flexibility) Ready to Run (ROCS including THOJ/THRT (Tubing Hanger Orientation Joint/Tubing Hanger Running Tool) tested and mobilized already connected to the TH Significantly reduces risk of Waiting on Weather Real-time readings local to tool, (accurate volumes and pressures, no umbilical influence)
The system has been used for horizontal and vertical completions and can operate different running tools, offering field proven benefits for the industry.
Ula WAG – Measuring the Flood. Characterising Sweep for Improved Reservoir Management
Authors: Duncan Jon , Fougner Christian , Morgan Neal , Tjetland Gunnar , Knutsen Eirik Rosseland , Halleråker Bjørn Emil Wik 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Ula field is operated with Water Alternating Gas (WAG) injection. Since 2014, all Jurassic field production is attributed to WAG tertiary recovery mechanism. A 2006 study which focused on core from the 7/12-A-9 A surveillance well demonstrated that theoretical WAG performance was a reality at reservoir conditions. Residual oil saturation of 35-50% after water flood (Sorw) could be reduced to a residual oil saturation after miscible flood (Sorm) of 5-10% in the most efficiently flooded layers.
The evidence and pattern of flooding from A-9 A was overwhelming and enlightening. Clear demonstration of laboratory-based miscible flood theory was proven at reservoir conditions. A stratigraphic WAG distribution in the reservoir was identified which prompted modification of the reservoir model and led directly to the establishment of a new field injection strategy that has been followed ever since.
The Ula infill drilling (UID) programme of 2019-20 was based upon the replacement and repositioning of established WAG wells. This would re-focus the WAG sweep to new, un-swept areas of the field, and protect the crestal offset well locations by installation of new well stock. 7/12-A-7 D was designed as a new Southern Crest Producer to replace the aging A-12 A. The optimal location was decided c.400m north of A-12 A and 40m up-dip, within the established A-7 C - A-12 A WAG segment, as proven by 4-D seismic and production history response.
The location provided a new opportunity to evaluate the WAG efficiency at reservoir conditions, this time on the crest and close to a major producer. Sufficient uncertainty in log-based data and saturation measurement accuracy supported a repeat of the A-9 A core-based data acquisition programme.
Results from the core analysis demonstrate a high WAG efficiency in specific layers but confirm the challenge of being able to effectively flood a more substantial profile of the reservoir column. The outcomes are broadly in line with expectations. WAG is proven and the depth of WAG sweep is encouraging, covering 1/3 of the reservoir column. Residual oil saturation after water sweep (no WAG) is also demonstrated to reach low levels, supporting continued water flooding on the flank.
Subsurface Hydrogen Generation: Low Cost and Low Footprint Method of Hydrogen Production
Authors: Berenblyum Roman , Surguchev Michael 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Hydrogen is one of the key components in clean energy systems of the future (Hydrogen Council, 2017). Currently, clean hydrogen production requires either availability of large quantities of renewable energy (in competition with other high power demanding industries) in a capitally expansive electrolysis process or need for carbon capture and storage solutions for the steam methane reforming process. Hydrogen Source developed and is commercializing Hydrogen Generation from Hydrocarbons Subterrain technology allowing to reduce both costs and associated emissions. The process allows converting non- commercial gas reserves to clean hydrogen available for recovery and commercial use with costs considerably below today's state-of-the-art hydrogen production technologies such as electrolysis or steam methane reforming.
The paper presents the experimental studies, including adiabatic reactor, core, and combustion tube experiments, confirming process efficiency and simulation studies using state-of-the-art reservoir simulation tools, laying basis for technoeconomic evaluation of the process at the field level. Experimental investigations confirmed process efficiency. Numerical simulation, monte-carlo and P10-P50-P90 statistical analysis showed hydrogen production costs on the scale of 0.1-0.5 $/kg with low associated emissions.
Techno-economic estimates of application to several field case evaluations for offshore and onshore hydrogen production are presented. Potential for technology application worldwide is also presented.
Development and Deployment of a Novel Single-Trip Multistage Proppant Fracturing System in the Norwegian Continental Shelf
Authors: Young Dustin , Koløy Tom Rune , Keerthivasan Vijay , Satimov Serik 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A major North Sea operator was looking to improve production from low permeable reservoirs in mature assets. Under-displaced, high proppant concentration fracs must be pumped in an efficient manner to unlock the value potential. A new single-trip, multistage stage proppant fracturing system was developed to tackle these operational constraints and reliably perform in challenging offshore environments. This paper presents the evolution of this system from a concept to field implementation on the Norwegian Continental Shelf.
The developed solution, a frac sleeve (FS) system operated by a service tool assembly (STA) which can be run on drillpipe or coiled tubing. The unique feature of this system is that it allows multistage stimulation in a single trip without utilizing slips or packers, which could pose the risk of a stuck STA. Suited for both open-hole and cemented applications, the system is particularly beneficial for wells with limited slack-off capabilities. Key considerations of the design included operability in proppant-packed environments, erosion resistance, and multiple contingencies built into the STA to allow operational flexibility.
An extensive qualification program was successfully executed to validate the system's functionality, particularly in hostile, proppant-packed environments, including an erosion test wherein 2,000 tons of proppant was pumped through the STA at 30 bbl/min. In preparation for field deployment, drillpipe and liner simulations were run, and operational planning and risk assessments were held. Following these assessments, the system was deployed for the North Sea operator in a trial well in summer 2021. During the stimulation program, an under-displaced, high rate, and high proppant concentration frac was pumped in each stage, followed by immediate closing of the sleeves prior to reversing out the remaining under displaced proppant. This paper captures the wins, challenges, and key learnings from the initial trial well, and how these learnings were used to optimize the second well.
Also detailed is the lifecycle of a novel, patented proppant-stimulation technology starting from initial concept to downhole deployment. Enabling optimized, proppant fracturing in an operationally efficient manner plays a crucial role in improving the productivity and economic viability of a well, and allows for improved oil recovery (IOR) from existing offshore infrastructure. The findings and lessons learned in this paper will contribute to the state of knowledge regarding proppant fracturing on the Norwegian Continental Shelf.
Overcoming the Seven Wastes of Reservoir Modelling Projects
Authors: Sætrom Jon , Sandø T. C. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Software tools that allow the user to automatically generate many models that capture and propagate uncertainty in the subsurface have existed for decades. Despite their existence, true adoption of these types of tools have been limited. Reasons for low acceptance/adoption can stem from: Challenges in maintainability/transparency of the automated modeling workflows.High investment cost in terms of time and resources required to set up and maintain the workflows.Company processes for reservoir modeling not designed for an uncertainty centric paradigmExpected deliverables from the modeling project not aligned with an uncertainty centric paradigm.
Hence, despite our best efforts to use state of the art tools, we often observe that modeling projects easily become victims of the Seven Wastes of Reservoir Modeling Projects: 1. Non-utilized human talent; 2. Defects, 3. Handoffs and delays; 4. Relearning and task switching; 5. Non-value adding features; 6. Overspecialization; and 7. Loss of information.
In this paper we evaluate learnings from the past 30 years of reservoir modeling projects in the oil and gas industry. Specifically looking at methods that aim at quantifying the uncertainty in the subsurface using multiple realizations – also known as ensemble-based methods. We will highlight what we perceive are the major challenges that companies currently face - the so called Seven Wastes of Reservoir Modeling Projects - and outline potential ways to overcome these challenges based on lessons learned from more than 100 modeling projects on fields world-wide over the last 10 years. Furthermore, we highlight the importance of not falling victim to the many cognitive bias effects that can limit us in improving our understanding and consequently the value of our reservoirs. We demonstrate how a combination of fit for purpose algorithms and process help put subsurface teams in a mindset of continuous learning that helps reduce the typical pitfalls seen in traditional reservoir modeling projects. The benefit of the proposed way of working is that subsurface teams greatly reduce the time it takes from incorporating new data or new hypotheses about the subsurface, until having a full ensemble of models that can be used to support the business decision at hand. As a result, we potentially reduce the cycle time from new data, or new ideas to conditioned models from months or years to hours or days.
Effect of Heterocyclic Atoms (O, N, S) on surfactant solutions investigated by molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Liu Zhinan , Li Bailin , Wang Li , Guo Shuhai 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The effects of heterocyclic atoms (O, N, S) in non-hydrocarbons on the properties at non-hydrocarbon/surfactant/water interface were investigated by molecular dynamics simulation. The model surfactant was sodium cetyl metaxylene sulfonate (2 ,4-Dimethyl-5-(1'-butyl) Sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate). The interface properties were analyzed , which include density profile, interfacial formation energy and interfacial tension, radial distribution function and hydrophobic chain order parameters. The simulation results indicated that interface thickness is relevant to the electronegativity of heterocyclic atoms, and the arrangement of hydrophobic tails is relevance with the energy of heterocyclic atoms bond with carbon atoms. It is also bound up with the self-loop strain. Then, the radial distribution function and hydrophobic tail sequence parameters were calculated to further verify and explain this phenomenon in the equilibrated model systems. The stability of the interface formed with sulfonate surfactants is O> N> S according to the heterocyclic atom. When the number of rings in non-hydrocarbons changes, the interface stability also follows this rule. At the same time, it is found that the stability of the interface increases as the number of rings adding.
Epidemiology of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Kazakhstan: Data from Unified National Electronic Health System 2014-2019
Authors: Gaipov Abduzhappar , Galiyeva Dinara , Gusmanov Arnur , Sakko Yesbolat , Issanov Alpamys , Atageldiyeva Kuralay , Kadyrzhanuly Kainar , Nurpeissova Aiymzhan , Rakhimzhanova Marzhan , Durmanova Aigul , Sarria-Santamera Antonio 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: We aimed to explore descriptive epidemiology of T1 and T2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and to investigate demographic factors and comorbidities associated with all-cause mortality by aggregating and utilizing large-scale administrative healthcare data from the Unified National Electronic Health System (UNEHS) for 2014-2019 years period.Methods: We used Kaplan-Meier and log-rank test to calculate failure function and differences in survival by age, sex, ethnicity, and comorbidities with all-cause mortality for Type 1 and Type 2 DM. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to obtain crude and adjusted hazard ratios.Results: Prevalence of Type 1 and Type 2 DM increased 1.7 times from 2014 to 2019. Mortality of Type 1 and Type 2 DM also increased 4 times and 6 times from 2014 to 2019, respectively. Male sex, older age and Kazakh ethnicity were associated with a higher risk of all-cause death compared to females, younger age and other nationalities than Kazakh in patients with Type 1 and Type 2 DM. Coronary artery disease, diabetic nephropathy, stroke, amputations and neoplasms were associated with a higher risk of all-cause death. Conclusion: The prevalence and mortality rate of Type 1 and Type 2 DM increased during the years 2014 - 2019 in Kazakhstan. Male sex, older age and Kazakh ethnicity were associated with a higher risk of all-cause death compared to females, younger age and other nationalities than Kazakh. Coronary artery disease, diabetic nephropathy, stroke, amputations and neoplasms were associated with a higher risk of all-cause death.
Predictors of mHealth use in promoting adherence to pre-exposure prophylaxis among female sex workers: An evaluation of the Jichunge intervention in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Authors: Mbotwa Christopher , Kazaura Method , Moen Kåre , Leshabari Melkizedeck , Metta Emmy , Leyna Germana , Mmbaga Elia J 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: There is evidence that pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is effective in preventing HIV transmission, and PrEP is recommended by the World Health organization (WHO) for use by individuals at high risk of HIV infection. However, low adherence has been reported to hamper its effectiveness. Some evidence indicates that mHealth interventions may be a promising way of promoting PrEP adherence. Nevertheless, evaluations of mHealth interventions in Africa, the region most affected by HIV, are scarce. This study aimed at identifying the extent of and predictors for use of a smartphone based mHealth application among female sex workers in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.Methods: As part of a quasi-experimental study in Tanzania, 470 female sex workers who were eligible for PrEP and who owned a smartphone were recruited using respondent driven sampling. All participants were provided with an mHealth application called Jichunge, a smartphone-based app designed to promote adherence to PrEP by offering users information, advise and support during start-up and use of PrEP. We collected data through structured interviews at baseline and extracted user data from the app for a period of 30 days. Modified Poisson regression model with robust standard errors was used to identify predictors for the optimal use of the Jichunge app. Results: Overall, the optimal use of the Jichunge app was 46.4%. Optimal use was significantly higher among women who were older (aPR=1.4, 95% CI: 1.11-1.67 for age 25-34 years, and aPR=1.6, 95% CI: 1.20-2.08 for age at least 35 years), who had secondary education or higher (aPR=1.7, 95% CI: 1.06-2.84), who had suboptimal social support (aPR=1.2, 95% CI: 1.03-1.48), who had high awareness of PrEP (aPR=1.3, 95% CI: 1.08-1.55), and who had experience using common mainstream social media applications (aPR=1.5, 95% CI: 1.18-1.98).Conclusion: Optimal use of the Jichunge app was substantially higher among women with higher age, higher education, higher PrEP awareness, less social support, and experience using common social media applications. Individual and interpersonal factors should be considered in planning mHealth interventions. Further studies to determine predictors of longer-term mHealth engagement are needed.Trial Registration: International Clinical Trials Registry Platform PACTR202003823226570; 04.03.2020; https://trialsearch.who.int/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=PACTR202003823226570
Genetic polymorphisms in SLCO2B1 and ABCC1 conjointly modulate atorvastatin intracellular accumulation in HEK293 recombinant cell lines
Authors: Elens Laure , Hoste Emilia , Paquot Adrien , Panin Nadtha , Horion Shaleena , Hamdaoui Halima El , Muccioli Giulio G , Haufroid Vincent 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Atorvastatin (ATV), is commonly used to treat hypercholesterolemia. Although generally well tolerated, patients can suffer from muscle complaints and the occurrence of this discomfort is difficult to predict. Muscle side effects are assumed to be linked to the intramuscular ATV accumulation. The aim of our study was to investigate the relative implication of influx and efflux transporters expressed in the muscle tissue (OATP2B1, MRP1) in promoting or limiting the access of the drug into the cells. In addition, the impact of common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in SLCO2B1 coding for OATP2B1 (rs12422149; c.935G > A) and in ABCC1 coding for MRP1 (rs45511401; c.2012G > T) was evaluated. Single or double transfectant HEK293 recombinant models overexpressing variant or wild-type OATP2B1 (influx) and/or MRP1 (efflux) proteins were developed. Our results confirm the implication of both OATP2B1 and MRP1 in ATV transport. Interestingly, ATV intracellular accumulation promoted by OATP2B1 influx was counteracted by MRP1 efflux. The c.935G > A SNP in SLCO2B1 was associated with a decreased OATP2B1 influx activity whereas the c.2012G > T SNP in ABCC1 appeared to increase MRP1 efflux activity towards ATV. In conclusion, intracellular ATV accumulation is regulated by transporter proteins and their functionality could play a role in ATV muscle side effect susceptibility.
PCP4 promotes the growth and castration-resistant development of prostate cancer
Authors: Wang Zhenting , Ren Jiannan , Yin Xianlai , Yang Peng , Liu Congchong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purkinje cell protein 4 (PCP4), which shows homology to the calcium-binding β-chain, regulates the calmodulin (CaM)-dependent signaling pathway by modulating CaM-dependent protein kinase 2 (CaMKK2) activity in Purkinje cells. In this work, we demonstrate that PCP4, which plays a role in tumorigenesis, induces prostate cancer (PCa) cell proliferation and migration in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, androgen receptor (AR) regulates the expression and phosphorylation activity of CaMKK2 by inducing the transcription of PCP4 in castration-resistant PCa (CRPC). Thus, exogenous overexpression of PCP4 blocks the biological function that EPI, the inhibitor of AR, suppressed the expression and phosphorylation of CaMKK2 in hormone-sensitive LNCap cells. A clinicopathological study of PCP4 was subsequently conducted on a cohort of 51 human PCa patients, and protein and mRNA expression levels of PCP4 and CaMKK2 were positively correlated with the sensitivity of androgen-deprivation treatment (p < 0.05). Moreover, PCP4 and CaMKK2 were significantly correlated with PCa relapse. This study reveals the oncogenic activity of PCP4 in vitro and provides insights into relevant mechanisms that may lead to novel treatments for CRPC.
Physical Activity Induced Alterations of Gut Microbiota in Humans: A Systematic Review
Authors: Dziewiecka Hanna , Buttar Harpal , Kasperska Anna , Ostapiuk-Karolczuk Joanna , Domagalska Małgorzata , Cichoń Justyna , Skarpańska-Stejnborn Anna 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Gut microbiota are considered to have a great impact on human health and disease. While it is widely recognized that the gut microbiota of healthy individuals differs from those with obesity, inflammatory bowel disease, metabolic syndrome, and other chronic diseases, the alterations of gut microbiota with mild and vigorous physical activity is not fully understood. Accordingly, we performed this systematic review to address the question regarding the effects of mild and intense exercise on the gut microbiota in humans. Methods: The comparative analyses of gut microbiota were conducted following the PRISMA protocol to determine the differences in the active vs. nonactive individuals (phenotypes) (n=11), including the influence of physical activity intervention on the human gut microbiota (n=13); the differences in the gut microbiota of athletes vs. nonathletes (n=8); and the microbiota status at different stages of athletic performance or intervention (n=7). Literature searches were performed using four databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and EBSCO, and 2090 articles were retrieved by using appropriate keywords. Results: After excluding 2052 articles, we ultimately selected 38 articles that met the eligibility criteria for this review. The data analyses revealed that physical activity markedly influenced the microbiota ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroides, and the relative abundance of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) producers and other types of bacteria in the GI tract. Conclusion: It is concluded that the level of physical activity modulates the gastrointestinal microbiota in humans. The vigorous exercise effect was most apparent among athletes compared to untrained individuals. The results showed that athletes harbor a more diverse type intestinal microflora than nonathletes, but with a relatively reduced abundance of SCFA- and lactic acid-producing bacteria, thereby suggesting an adverse effect of intense exercise on the population of gut microbiota.Trial registration: Prospero CRD42021264064