bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance and Durability of Reversible Solid Oxide Cells with Nano-electrocatalysts Infiltrated Electrodes
Authors: Yu Miao , Tong Xiaofeng , Sudireddy Bhaskar Reddy , Chen Ming 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis work focuses on improving the durability of Ni/yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) fuel electrode-supported solid oxide cells under the reversible operation mode by infiltrating nano-sized electrocatalysts into both electrodes. The resulting cell consists of a CGO (Gd-doped CeO2) scaffold-based oxygen electrode that is infiltrated with LSC (La0.6Sr0.4CoO3-δ) and CGPO (Gd, Pr-co-doped CeO2) nanocomposite infiltrates and a Ni/YSZ fuel electrode modified with nano-CGO infiltrates. Constant-current tests at + 0.5 A/cm2and  − 0.5 A/cm2are carried out, followed by cycling between fuel-cell and electrolysis modes at ± 0.5 A/cm2and ± 1.25 A/cm2. Under the reversible operation at ± 0.5 A/cm2, the cell showed lower degradation rates than under the single mode operation, with cell voltage degradation of 1.23%/kh in fuel cell mode and 0.53%/kh in electrolysis mode. During the cycling operation at ± 1.25 A/cm2, the overall degradation rate under the electrolysis mode was only 0.46%/kh. Compared to the previously tested cells with only LSC infiltrated oxygen electrodes, the cell tested in this work shows better durability with degradation rates of less than half of the previous tests. The results in this work demonstrate that infiltrating nano-electrocatalysts into both electrodes is an effective solution to boost cell performance and durability under reversible operation.
Geoheritage of the Kandalaksha region (Kola Peninsula, White Sea, Arctic Russia), Evaluation, and Geotourism Opportunities
Authors: Miłosz Huber , Galina Zhigunova , Mariya Menshakova , Ramziya Gainanova , Olga Iakovleva 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe subarctic Kandalaksha region abounds in many tourist values and is notably characterized by a richness of geology, nature, history, and landscape. Its mountains are located directly on the coast of the White Sea. The skerry-fiord coast is the habitat of many seabirds that nest on its many islands. There is also large mammals such as seals and bears. The coastal area and islands are a reserve within the National Park that was established to protect the breeding areas of the seabirds. Despite its location near the Arctic Circle, the area has a relatively mild climate. Many of the villages and towns in the area have a centuries-old history inextricably linked to the indigenous peoples (Karelians, Sami) who inhabited the area, as well as to the “Pomors,” the first Russian colonizers of the area. On top of this, this is a location with an environment that contains numerous examples of flora and fauna, as well as a geologically and geomorphologically interesting landscape connected with glaciation, abrasion, and isostatic movements. Here, the geological substrate, made up of Paleoproterozoic collisional structures of the Lapland Granulite Belt, was repeatedly tectonically rejuvenated within the forming aulacogen of the White Sea and the Kola-Lapland Mobile Belt, along with numerous Paleozoic intrusions of kimberlite and alkaline rocks. The youngest processes are associated with Pleistocene glaciation and isostatic relaxation in the Holocene. All these features contribute to the high tourist potential of the area. At present, it is being developed in a more or less organized way with the participation of private capital. This article presents a proposal for the systematic development of the area in question and the formalization of tourist routes in the area. This article aims to meet this need by proposing a tourist trail in the Kandalaksha area so as to enable tourists to explore this remarkable area.
Using soil erosion as an indicator for integrated water resources management: a case study of Ruiru drinking water reservoir, Kenya
Authors: Kamamia Ann W. , Vogel Cordula , Mwangi Hosea M. , Feger Karl-heinz , Sang Joseph , Julich Stefan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFunctions and services provided by soils play an important role for numerous sustainable development goals involving mainly food supply and environmental health. In many regions of the Earth, water erosion is a major threat to soil functions and is mostly related to land-use change or poor agricultural management. Selecting proper soil management practices requires site-specific indicators such as water erosion, which follow a spatio-temporal variation. The aim of this study was to develop monthly soil erosion risk maps for the data-scarce catchment of Ruiru drinking water reservoir located in Kenya. Therefore, the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation complemented with the cubist–kriging interpolation method was applied. The erodibility map created with digital soil mapping methods (R2 = 0.63) revealed that 46% of the soils in the catchment have medium to high erodibility. The monthly erosion rates showed two distinct potential peaks of soil loss over the course of the year, which are consistent with the bimodal rainy season experienced in central Kenya. A higher soil loss of 2.24 t/ha was estimated for long rains (March–May) as compared to 1.68 t/ha for short rains (October–December). Bare land and cropland are the major contributors to soil loss. Furthermore, spatial maps reveal that areas around the indigenous forest on the western and southern parts of the catchment have the highest erosion risk. These detected erosion risks give the potential to develop efficient and timely soil management strategies, thus allowing continued multi-functional use of land within the soil–food–water nexus.
Prostate cancer induced bone pain: pathobiology, current treatments and pain responses from recent clinical trials
Authors: Smith A. E. , Muralidharan A. , Smith M. T. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Metastatic spread of prostate cancer to the skeleton may result in debilitating bone pain. In this review, we address mechanisms underpinning the pathobiology of metastatic prostate cancer induced bone pain (PCIBP) that include sensitization and sprouting of primary afferent sensory nerve fibres in bone. We also review current treatments and pain responses evoked by various treatment modalities in clinical trials in this patient population.

Methods
We reviewed the literature using PubMed to identify research on the pathobiology of PCIBP. Additionally, we reviewed clinical trials of various treatment modalities in patients with PCIBP with pain response outcomes published in the past 7 years.

Results
Recent clinical trials show that radionuclides, given either alone or in combination with chemotherapy, evoked favourable pain responses in many patients and a single fraction of local external beam radiation therapy was as effective as multiple fractions. However, treatment with chemotherapy, small molecule inhibitors and/or immunotherapy agents, produced variable pain responses but pain response was the primary endpoint in only one of these trials. Additionally, there were no published trials of potentially novel analgesic agents in patients with PCIBP.

Conclusion
There is a knowledge gap for clinical trials of chemotherapy, small molecule inhibitors and/or immunotherapy in patients with PCIBP where pain response is the primary endpoint. Also, there are no novel analgesic agents on the horizon for the relief of PCIBP and this is an area of large unmet medical need that warrants concerted research attention.
Investigating the Decentralized Governance of Distributed Ledger Infrastructure Implementation in Extended Enterprises
Authors: Anthony Jnr. Bokolo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDistributed ledger technology (DLT) is a disruptive technology with the potential of improving extended enterprise (EE) which comprises organizations that combine their capabilities and knowhow to achieve a common goal. Within the extended enterprise, governance enables distributed ledger control and stewardship and provides effective ways for enforcing ledger access and ownership policies. Although research related to DLT has received attention from academics and industries, the decentralized governance perspective of DLT remains less explored, and it is uncertain how decisions are made concerning the deployment of DLT within EE. These call for governance policies to protect the interests and needs of all stakeholders within the extended enterprise. Therefore, there is need for research that provides insight regarding the decentralized governance of DLT, showing how stakeholders and actors within EE make informed decisions. Accordingly, grounded on academic literature, this study develops governance of DLT framework for extended enterprises which comprises DLT governance dimensions, stakeholder/actors, and DLT governance mechanisms. The findings also present the governance actors and categories of DLTs, potentials, and challenges regarding decentralized governance of DLT in extended enterprises. Findings provide implications to enterprises, researchers, practitioners, industries, and policymakers on the concept of decentralized governance for organizational transformation. Finally, findings from this research are instrumental for designing governance policies to support DLT implementation and stimulate potential research within this direction.
Habitat structure and the presence of large carnivores shape the site use of an understudied small carnivore: caracal ecology in a miombo woodland
Authors: Davis Robert S. , Gentle Louise K. , Mgoola William O. , Stone Emma L. , Uzal Antonio , Yarnell Richard W. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Basic ecological knowledge on African small carnivores and how they interact with the wider carnivore guild are lacking for many species. The caracal (Caracal caracal) has a widespread distribution across Africa, yet there is a paucity of information on this species outside of savannah and agricultural landscapes. Using camera trap data from Kasungu National Park, Malawi, we provide novel information on caracal habitat use in a miombo woodland and compare the spatiotemporal dynamics between caracal and members of the large carnivore guild (leopard, Panthera pardus and spotted hyaena, Crocuta crocuta). We found that caracal were more likely to use sites with higher grass cover and further away from permanent water sources. Caracal site use increased in areas with lower spotted hyaena abundance and caracal exhibited different temporal activity patterns to spotted hyaena. In contrast, caracal did not exhibit spatial or temporal avoidance of leopard at the scale investigated here. However, the probability of detecting caracal at sites of higher leopard abundance was significantly lower, suggesting possible behavioural mechanisms to avoid interaction. Our study provides an insight into caracal ecology in a miombo woodland and improves our understanding of community dynamics between a lesser-studied small carnivore and the large carnivore guild.
Innovating for Sustainability: Attributes, Motivations, and Responsibilities in the Finnish Food Packaging Ecosystem
Authors: Ruippo Lotta , Koivula Hanna , Korhonen Jaana , Toppinen Anne , Kylkilahti Eliisa 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWithout food packaging, the global food supply chain could not function. Packaged food products are protected in transportation and retail, reducing food waste. Packaging is also a visible feature of environmental debates, as concerns over solid waste have become a part of public discussion. Responding to both challenges requires the packaging sector to develop and adopt sustainable innovations. This study seeks to understand the role of sustainability in food packaging innovation through expert interviews. The results of this study aid in clarifying actor roles for innovation processes in the packaging sector through encouraging collaboration and integrating socioeconomic dimensions of sustainability into innovation. The findings suggest that actors are primarily concerned with the ecological sustainability of packaging while economic or social factors in sustainable innovation play a more minor role. Finally, the study finds that much responsibility over developing innovations is placed on governmental organizations and brand owners in the food and beverage industry.
Himalayan ecosystem services and climate change driven agricultural frontiers: a scoping review
Authors: KC Krishna Bahadur , Tzadok Edan , Pant Laxmi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractClimate change, rising temperatures, snow melts and more frequent droughts and floods are disproportionately affecting food and water security, habitat health, and agricultural productivity in the Himalayan region. These climatic changes are negatively impacting productivity of staple crops including wheat, maize, and rice at lower altitudes, but may provide opportunities to utilize Climate Change Driven Agricultural Frontiers [CCDAFs] at higher altitudes. Agricultural expansion into CCDAFs paired with behavioural shifts such as replacing traditional crop systems with commercial crops will predominantly affect forests, water resources, and soil health, which are already negatively affected by climate change unless adaptation options are directed to just and sustainable agroecological transitions. By trading regulating, supporting, and cultural services for food and water provisioning services, as are evident in land sparing strategy, the utilization of CCDAFs will have long-term implications for the sustainability of mountain farming systems. Climate change is affecting Himalayan agriculture, food security, and ecosystem services, and scientific literature predominantly focus on one of these topics in isolation, occasionally connecting results to another topic. By classifying literature as predominantly agriculture, food security, or ecosystem service themed, this scoping review identifies sources with multiple dominant themes and explores how the relationships between these topics are represented in literature to provide research based evidence to promote the future expansion of agriculture that is low-carbon, just and sustainable. Gaps in the literature reveal that research is needed on the extent of CCDAFs in the Himalayas and the potential trade-offs on utilizing the frontier areas.
Building a Bridge to Learning: The Critical Importance of Teacher Aide–Student Relationships in the Primary School Classroom
Authors: Quill Jeanette , Kahu Ella R. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTeacher–student relationships are critically important for student engagement and learning. Increasingly, children with additional behavioural, physical, communication, and learning needs are supported in the classroom by teacher aides working alongside teachers. Although the teacher aide role is often described as relational, few studies have explicitly examined the nature of the teacher aide–child relationship. This exploratory study in primary schools in Aotearoa New Zealand addresses this gap. Seven teacher aides were interviewed, and thematic analysis was used to construct common themes. The findings show that aides have time to individually know and care for each child and so develop a special relationship that is distinct from other relationships at school. In addition, the relationship is seen as essential to meet the child’s needs and thus enable them to engage in their learning. The teacher aides impact positively on the child’s sense of belonging, emotions, and wellbeing, which act as pathways to student engagement. Further research is needed to explore how these special and essential relationships can be optimised, and, in collaboration with teachers, improve the short- and long-term psychological, social, and educational outcomes for children.
Ownership psychology as a cognitive adaptation: A minimalist model
Authors: Boyer Pascal 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOwnership is universal and ubiquitous in human societies, yet the psychology underpinning ownership intuitions is generally not described in a coherent and computationally tractable manner. Ownership intuitions are commonly assumed to derive from culturally transmitted social norms, or from a mentally represented implicit theory. While the social norms account is entirelyad hoc, the mental theory requires prior assumptions about possession and ownership that must be explained. Here I propose such an explanation, arguing that the intuitions result from the interaction of two cognitive systems. One of these handles competitive interactions for the possession of resources observed in many species including humans. The other handles mutually beneficial cooperation between agents, as observed in communal sharing, collective action and trade. Together, these systems attend to specific cues in the environment, and produce definite intuitions such as “this is hers,” “that is not mine.” This computational model provides an explanation for ownership intuitions, not just in straightforward cases of property, but also in disputed ownership (squatters, indigenous rights), historical changes (abolition of slavery), as well as apparently marginal cases, such as the questions, whether people own their seats on the bus, or their places in a queue, and how people understand “cultural appropriation” and slavery. In contrast to some previous theories, the model is empirically testable and free ofad hocstipulations.
Approximately symmetric forms far from being exactly symmetric
Authors: Milićević Luka 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLet
$V$
be a finite-dimensional vector space over
$\mathbb{F}_p$
. We say that a multilinear form
$\alpha \colon V^k \to \mathbb{F}_p$
in
$k$
variables is
$d$
-approximately symmetric if the partition rank of difference
$\alpha (x_1, \ldots, x_k) - \alpha (x_{\pi (1)}, \ldots, x_{\pi (k)})$
is at most
$d$
for every permutation
$\pi \in \textrm{Sym}_k$
. In a work concerning the inverse theorem for the Gowers uniformity
$\|\!\cdot\! \|_{\mathsf{U}^4}$
norm in the case of low characteristic, Tidor conjectured that any
$d$
-approximately symmetric multilinear form
$\alpha \colon V^k \to \mathbb{F}_p$
differs from a symmetric multilinear form by a multilinear form of partition rank at most
$O_{p,k,d}(1)$
and proved this conjecture in the case of trilinear forms. In this paper, somewhat surprisingly, we show that this conjecture is false. In fact, we show that approximately symmetric forms can be quite far from the symmetric ones, by constructing a multilinear form
$\alpha \colon \mathbb{F}_2^n \times \mathbb{F}_2^n \times \mathbb{F}_2^n \times \mathbb{F}_2^n \to \mathbb{F}_2$
which is 3-approximately symmetric, while the difference between
$\alpha$
and any symmetric multilinear form is of partition rank at least
$\Omega (\sqrt [3]{n})$
.
Empathy and Loving Attention
Authors: Phillips-Garrett Carissa 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe failure to understand the needs, beliefs, and values of others is widely blamed on a lack of empathy, which has been touted in recent years as the necessary ingredient for bringing us together and ultimately for tackling issues of social justice and harmony. In this essay, I explore whether empathy really can serve the role it has been tasked with. To answer this question, I will first identify what empathy is and why its champions believe it plays such an essential role in social life. With this in mind, I contend that promoting empathy on its own may make solidarity among diverse populations more difficult to achieve and undermine social reconciliation. Instead, I argue for a different approach that begins with acknowledging our self-oriented perspective and how it shapes what we see, appreciate, and interpret, before turning to others with a kind of loving attention. Unlike empathy, loving attention allows us to see others as they really are, not as we imagine we would be in their shoes, and is that kind of perception that is necessary for bridging divides and building solidarity in our contemporary world.
Spiritual care needs among Chinese elders hospitalized for severe chronic heart failure: An observational study
Authors: Wang Zhangyi , Yang Yang , Zhu Yue , Liu Mengru , Zhao Xiqun , Xiao Luwei , Zhang Yajun , Liang Facun , Pang Xiaoli , Yang Zhihua , Weng Huiying 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the spiritual care needs and their attributes among Chinese elders hospitalized for severe chronic heart failure (CHF) based on the Kano model, in order to provide a reference for improving the quality and satisfaction of spiritual care.MethodsAn observational design was implemented, and the STROBE Checklist was used to ensure quality reporting of the study. The demographic characteristics questionnaire, the Nurse Spiritual Therapeutics Scale, and the Kano model–based Nurse Spiritual Therapeutics Attributes Scale were used. A convenience sample of 451 patients were selected from 2 hospitals. Descriptive statistics, and Kano model were used to analyze the data.ResultsThe total score of spiritual care needs was 29.95 ± 7.51. Among the 12 items, 3 items were attractive attributes, all of which were located in Reserving Zone IV; 5 items were one-dimensional attributes, of which 3 were located in Predominance Zone I and 2 were located in Improving Zone II; 2 items were must-be attributes, all of which were located in Improving Zone II; and 2 items were indifference attributes, all of which were located in Secondary Improving Zone III.Significance of resultsThe spiritual care needs among Chinese elders hospitalized for severe CHF were moderate. The must-be and one-dimensional attributes mainly focus on “creating a good atmosphere” and “sharing self-perception” dimensions, while attractive attributes mainly focus on “sharing self-perception” and “helping thinking” dimensions. It is suggested that hospital authority should develop and innovate attractive attributes on the basis of maintaining and perfecting must-be and one-dimensional attributes, and objectively analyze and optimize indifference attributes.
The Role of Irrigation Expansion on Historical Climate Change: Insights From CMIP6
Authors: Al‐Yaari A. , Ducharne A. , Thiery W. , Cheruy F. , Lawrence D. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTo produce food for a growing world population, irrigated areas have increased from approximately 0.63 million km2 of land in 1900 to 3.1 million km2 of land in 2005. Despite this massive expansion, irrigation is still overlooked in most state‐of‐the‐art Earth system models (ESMs) involved in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6). To our knowledge, only three CMIP6 models represent irrigation activities: CESM2, GISS‐E2‐1‐G, and NorESM2‐LM. Here, we investigate the role of irrigation on historical climate at global and regional scales by analyzing trends of key surface climate variables in CMIP6 simulations during 1900–2014. The three models including irrigation show distinct behavior from the 15 models without irrigation over intensively irrigated areas (i.e., >50% of grid cell area is equipped by irrigation): both annual (months that correspond to monthly air temperature higher than 274 K) mean latent heat flux (LHF) and soil moisture increase over time, in contrast to the models without irrigation that show no trend or even a negative trend. The positive LHF trend over intensively irrigated areas in the irrigation‐on models is consistent with three satellite‐based LHF products. While annual (considering the warmest month in a year) warming trends are found in these regions for most of the no‐irrigation models, the increase in LHF induces a cooling trend for the models with irrigation, which was not confirmed by observational air temperature data sets. These findings, supported by satellite data, indicate the importance of improved representation of land management in the next generation of ESM.