bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Noise exposure during robot-assisted total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Hönecke Tim , Schwarze Michael , Wangenheim Matthias , Savov Peter , Windhagen Henning , Ettinger Max 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe aim of the study was to examine the noise exposure for operating theater staff during total knee arthroplasty (TKA) with three different robot systems. There is already evidence that noise exposure during TKA performed manually exceeds recommended guidelines for occupational noise. Therefore, if surgical staff is exposed to it for several years, the development of noise-inducing hearing loss (NIHL) is significantly increased. To investigate the noise exposure during robot-assisted TKA, the study measured the average noise and the peak sound pressure during TKA with MAKO robot (Stryker, Kalamazoo, Michigan, United States), NAVIO robot (Smith and Nephew, London, Great Britain), and CORI robot (Smith and Nephew, London, Great Britain) using a class 1 sound level meter. Each robot system exceeds the recommended guidelines from the national institute for occupational safety and health. While the MAKO robot had the highest average sound level (93.18 dB(A)) of the three robot systems (NAVIO: 88.88 dB(A), CORI: 89.38 dB(A)), the peak sound level was the highest with the NAVIO Robot (134.48 dB(C)) compared to the MAKO Robot (128.98 dB(C)) and CORI robot (126.48 dB(C)). Robot-assisted TKA is a risk factor for NIHL, like manually performed TKA. Further research for decreasing the noise exposure during TKA is needed to minimize the hearing loss in operating theater staff.
Fatigue, sleepiness and depression in multiple sclerosis: defining the overlaps for a better phenotyping
Authors: Sparasci Davide , Gobbi Claudio , Castelnovo Anna , Riccitelli Gianna Carla , Disanto Giulio , Zecca Chiara , Manconi Mauro 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background and objectives
To define the boundaries and the overlaps between fatigue, sleepiness and depression in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) by using different tools for each dimension, including instrumental sleep analysis.

Methods
In this cross-sectional, observational study, 71 MS patients (males/females: 20/51; mean age: 48.9 ± 10.5 years) filled in clinical questionnaires and performed polysomnography followed by maintenance of wakefulness test (MWT). Frequency and reciprocal overlap of sleepiness, fatigue and depression in MS were expressed by Eulero-Venn diagrams; standard multiple regression was used to assess the ability of symptoms to predict each other.

Results
There was a high percentage of fatigued (70%), somnolent (45%) and depressed (27%) patients. Fatigue had the strongest overlap and correlated with both depression (beta: 0.52, p < 0.001) and sleepiness (beta: 0.74, p < 0.001). Somnolence and depression were nearly always accompanied by fatigue and were well differentiated from each other by MWT. Four MS subgroups were identified that had: (1) fatigue only; (2) fatigue and sleepiness (3) fatigue and depression; (4) fatigue, sleepiness and depression.

Discussion
The subjective and objective tools are not able to clearly distinguish fatigue from sleepiness and depression, while only a test of vigilance can be helpful in separating somnolence and depression from each other.
Assessing floppy infants: a new module
Authors: Cutrona Costanza , Pede Elisa , De Sanctis Roberto , Coratti Giorgia , Tiberi Eloisa , Luciano Rita , Pera Maria Carmela , Velli Chiara , Capasso Anna , Vento Giovanni , Romeo Domenico M. , Pane Marika , Mercuri Eugenio 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOur aim was to develop a new module for assessing the floppy infant, to describe the application of the module in a cohort of low-risk newborns and piloting the module in a cohort of floppy infants. The module was applied to a cohort of 143 low-risk newborns and piloted in in a cohort of 24 floppy infants. The new add-on module includes a neurological section and provides a section for recording information obtained by physical examination and antenatal history. For each item, column 1 reports abnormal findings, column 3 normal findings, and column 2 intermediate signs to be followed. Consistent with previous studies, in low-risk infants, none had definitely abnormal or mildly abnormal signs, with the exception of tendon reflexes that were not easily elicitable in 17.14% of term-born infants.Conclusion: Our study suggest that the module can be easily used in a clinical setting as an add-on to the regular neonatal neurological examination in newborns identified as hypotonic on routine examination. Larger cohorts are needed to establish the accuracy of the prognostic value of the module in the differential diagnosis of floppy infant.

What is Known:• Hypotonia is one of the key signs in newborns with neuromuscular disorders and can be associated with a wide range of other conditions (central nervous system involvement, genetic and metabolic diseases).• Weakness or/and contractures can identify infants with a neuromuscular disorder and help in the differential diagnosis of floppy infants.

What is New:• To date, this is the first attempt to develop and apply a specific neurological module for the assessment of the floppy infant.• The module can be used in a routine clinical setting as an add-on to the regular neurological examination and has potential to differentiate the floppy infants from the low-risk infants.
Who can pass the urban filter? A multi-taxon approach to disentangle pollinator trait–environmental relationships
Authors: Gathof Anika Kristin , Grossmann Anita Judit , Herrmann Johann , Buchholz Sascha 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCities are considered important refuges for insect pollinators. This has been shown repeatedly for wild bees, but may also be true for other diverse taxa such as hoverflies. However, our understanding of how urban environmental filters shape pollinator species communities and their traits is still limited. Here, we used wild bee and hoverfly species, communities and their functional traits to illustrate how environmental filters on the landscape and local scale shape urban species pools. The multi-taxon approach revealed that environmental filtering predominantly occurred at the landscape scale as urbanisation and 3D connectivity significantly structured the taxonomic and functional composition of wild bee (sociality, nesting, diet, body size) and hoverfly (larval food type, migratory status) communities. We identified urban winners and losers attributed to taxon-specific responses to urban filters. Our results suggest that insect pollinator conservation needs to take place primarily at the landscape level while considering species traits, especially by increasing habitat connectivity.
The lifecycle of volcanic ash: advances and ongoing challenges
Authors: Paredes-Mariño Joali , Forte Pablo , Alois Stefano , Chan Ka Lok , Cigala Valeria , Mueller Sebastian B. , Poret Matthieu , Spanu Antonio , Tomašek Ines , Tournigand Pierre-Yves , Perugini Diego , Kueppers Ulrich 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Explosive volcanic eruptions can produce vast amounts of volcanic ash made up mainly of fragments of magmatic glass, country rock and minerals < 2 mm in size. Ash particles forming from magma fragmentation are generated by several processes when brittle response accommodates (local) deformation stress that exceeds the capability of the bulk material to respond by viscous flow. These processes span a wide range of temperatures, can occur inside or outside the volcanic edifice and can involve all melt compositions. Ash is then dispersed by volcanic and atmospheric processes over large distances and can have global distributions. Explosive eruptions have repeatedly drawn focus to studying volcanic ash. The continued occurrence of such eruptions worldwide and their widespread impacts motivates the study of the chemical and physical processes involved in the lifecycle of volcanic ash (e.g. magma fragmentation, particle aggregation), as well as the immediate to long-term effects (e.g. water and air pollution, soil fertilization) and consequences (e.g. environmental, economic, social) associated with ashfall. In this perspectives article, we reflect on the progress made over the last two decades in understanding (1) volcanic ash generation; (2) dispersion, sedimentation and erosion; and (3) impacts on the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere and modern infrastructure. Finally, we discuss open questions and future challenges.
Hydraulic properties of ignimbrites: matrix and fracture permeabilities in two pyroclastic flow deposits from Cimino-Vico volcanoes (Italy)
Authors: Allocca Vincenzo , Colantuono Pasquale , Colella Abner , Piacentini Simone M. , Piscopo Vincenzo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHydrological properties of ignimbrites are known in detail only for some areas, although these rocks cover large areas with considerable thicknesses in many volcanic regions of the world. This study investigates hydrological properties of two ignimbrites of Latium (Central Italy), different in age, composition, and origin. The dual porosity of the ignimbrites was examined through laboratory tests, pumping tests, and outcrop surveys. The degree of welding, composition, and stratigraphy of the two ignimbrites are the main factors determining their hydrological properties. The two ignimbrites share a low matrix permeability, showing a different fracturing degree. The more welded ignimbrite is characterized by lower porosity of the matrix and higher fracturing degree, while the less welded ignimbrite is characterized by higher porosity of the matrix and lower fracturing degree. Hydraulic conductivity and storage capacity of the highly welded ignimbrite mainly depend on the denser network of discontinuities. The hydraulic conductivity of the younger ignimbrite, less welded, mainly depend on the sparser network of discontinuities and on the layer of unconsolidated coarse pyroclastic deposits at its base, while the storage capacity depends on the more porous matrix. Should the pyroclastic rocks be used as aquifer for water supplies, or, in other cases, as substratum of waste disposal sites, the dual porosity of the ignimbrites must necessarily include different scales of analysis in order to evaluate the role of matrix and fractures on the permeability of rock mass. In any case, the results of laboratory and on-site tests are to be interpreted taking into account the stratigraphy of the ignimbrite.
PARMOREL: a framework for customizable model repair
Authors: Barriga Angela , Heldal Rogardt , Rutle Adrian , Iovino Ludovico 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn model-driven software engineering, models are used in all phases of the development process. These models must hold a high quality since the implementation of the systems they represent relies on them. Several existing tools reduce the burden of manually dealing with issues that affect models’ quality, such as syntax errors, model smells, and inadequate structures. However, these tools are often inflexible for customization and hard to extend. This paper presents a customizable and extensible model repair framework, PARMOREL, that enables users to deal with different issues in different types of models. The framework uses reinforcement learning to automatically find the best sequence of actions for repairing a broken model according to user preferences. As proof of concept, we repair syntactic errors in class diagrams taking into account a model distance metric and quality characteristics. In addition, we restore inter-model consistency between UML class and sequence diagrams while improving the coupling qualities of the sequence diagrams. Furthermore, we evaluate the approach on a large publicly available dataset and a set of real-world inspired models to show that PARMOREL can decide and pick the best solution to solve the issues present in the models to satisfy user preferences.
High-content high-throughput imaging reveals distinct connections between mitochondrial morphology and functionality for OXPHOS complex I, III, and V inhibitors
Authors: van der Stel Wanda , Yang Huan , le Dévédec Sylvia E. , van de Water Bob , Beltman Joost B. , Danen Erik H. J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCells can adjust their mitochondrial morphology by altering the balance between mitochondrial fission and fusion to adapt to stressful conditions. The connection between a chemical perturbation, changes in mitochondrial function, and altered mitochondrial morphology is not well understood. Here, we made use of high-throughput high-content confocal microscopy to assess the effects of distinct classes of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complex inhibitors on mitochondrial parameters in a concentration and time resolved manner. Mitochondrial morphology phenotypes were clustered based on machine learning algorithms and mitochondrial integrity patterns were mapped. In parallel, changes in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), mitochondrial and cellular ATP levels, and viability were microscopically assessed. We found that inhibition of MMP, mitochondrial ATP production, and oxygen consumption rate (OCR) using sublethal concentrations of complex I and III inhibitors did not trigger mitochondrial fragmentation. Instead, complex V inhibitors that suppressed ATP and OCR but increased MMP provoked a more fragmented mitochondrial morphology. In agreement, complex V but not complex I or III inhibitors triggered proteolytic cleavage of the mitochondrial fusion protein, OPA1. The relation between increased MMP and fragmentation did not extend beyond OXPHOS complex inhibitors: increasing MMP by blocking the mPTP pore did not lead to OPA1 cleavage or mitochondrial fragmentation and the OXPHOS uncoupler FCCP was associated with OPA1 cleavage and MMP reduction. Altogether, our findings connect vital mitochondrial functions and phenotypes in a high-throughput high-content confocal microscopy approach that help understanding of chemical-induced toxicity caused by OXPHOS complex perturbing chemicals.
The Short-Term Effect of the COVID-19 Crisis on Employment Probabilities of Labour-Market Entrants in the Netherlands
Authors: Bussink Henri , Vervliet Tobias , ter Weel Bas 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis research documents employment opportunities of labour-market entrants during the COVID-19 crisis in the Netherlands. Two recent cohorts of graduates are studied and compared to two pre-COVID-19 cohorts: the 2019 cohort was unexpectedly hit by the COVID-19 crisis about six months after entering the labour market and the 2020 cohort graduated and entered the labour market in the midst of a lockdown. Our estimation results suggest short-term effects of lockdowns on employment probabilities, specifically for relatively lower educated labour-market entrants. The effects appear to be relatively small in size and seem to fade when the lockdown measures are eased. Men seem to have suffered more than women and some sectors are hit harder than others, which could result in short-run mismatches. Overall the effects appear to be less severe than during an economic recession, which is most likely due to the tight labour market and the strong measures taken by the government to mitigate the labour-market impact of the COVID-19 crisis.
Workload Time Series Cumulative Prediction Mechanism for Cloud Resources Using Neural Machine Translation Technique
Authors: Al-Sayed Mustafa M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDynamic resource allocation and auto-scaling represent effective solutions for many cloud challenges, such as over-provisioning (i.e., energy-wasting, and Service level Agreement “SLA” violation) and under-provisioning (i.e., Quality of Service “QoS” dropping) of resources. Early workload prediction techniques play an important role in the success of these solutions. Unfortunately, no prediction technique is perfect and suitable enough for most workloads, particularly in cloud environments. Statistical and machine learning techniques may not be appropriate for predicting workloads, due to instability and dependency of cloud resources’ workloads. Although Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) deep learning technique considers these shortcomings, it provides poor results for long-term prediction. On the other hand, Sequence-to-Sequence neural machine translation technique (Seq2Seq) is effectively used for translating long texts. In this paper, workload sequence prediction is treated as a translation problem. Therefore, an Attention Seq2Seq-based technique is proposed for predicting cloud resources’ workloads. To validate the proposed technique, real-world dataset collected from a Google cluster of 11 k machines is used. For improving the performance of the proposed technique, a novel procedure called cumulative-validation is proposed as an alternative procedure to cross-validation. Results show the effectiveness of the proposed technique for predicting workloads of cloud resources in terms of accuracy by 98.1% compared to 91% and 85% for other sequence-based techniques, i.e. Continuous Time Markov Chain based models and Long short-term memory based models, respectively. Also, the proposed cumulative-validation procedure achieves a computational time superiority of 57% less compared to the cross-validation with a slight variation of 0.006 in prediction accuracy.
Adaptation of Parents Raising a Child with ASD: The Role of Positive Perceptions, Coping, Self-efficacy, and Social Support
Authors: Higgins Louise , Mannion Arlene , Chen June L. , Leader Geraldine 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study explored the adaptation of parents raising a child with an Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) specifically the contributory role of positive perceptions, coping, self-efficacy, and social support. One hundred and thirty-six parents of children with a diagnosis of ASD completed a battery of self-report questionnaires via an online survey. Using multiple regression analyses positive perceptions, adaptive coping, self-efficacy, and social support were each a significant contributor to one or more positive adaptation outcomes. Multiple moderated regression analysis found no evidence that these factors were significant moderators between behavioural problems and parental adaptation. The implications of these findings in supporting parents raising a child with ASD are outlined.
Using Model Theory to Find Decidable and Tractable Description Logics with Concrete Domains
Authors: Baader Franz , Rydval Jakub 
Published: May 2022

AbstractConcrete domains have been introduced in the area of Description Logic to enable reference to concrete objects (such as numbers) and predefined predicates on these objects (such as numerical comparisons) when defining concepts. Unfortunately, in the presence of general concept inclusions (GCIs), which are supported by all modern DL systems, adding concrete domains may easily lead to undecidability. To regain decidability of the DL$$\mathcal {ALC}$$ALCin the presence of GCIs, quite strong restrictions, in sum called$$\omega $$ω-admissibility, were imposed on the concrete domain. On the one hand, we generalize the notion of$$\omega $$ω-admissibility from concrete domains with only binary predicates to concrete domains with predicates of arbitrary arity. On the other hand, we relate$$\omega $$ω-admissibility to well-known notions from model theory. In particular, we show that finitely bounded homogeneous structures yield$$\omega $$ω-admissible concrete domains. This allows us to show$$\omega $$ω-admissibility of concrete domains using existing results from model theory. When integrating concrete domains into lightweight DLs of the$$\mathcal {EL}$$ELfamily, achieving decidability is not enough. One wants reasoning in the resulting DL to be tractable. This can be achieved by using so-called p-admissible concrete domains and restricting the interaction between the DL and the concrete domain. We investigate p-admissibility from an algebraic point of view. Again, this yields strong algebraic tools for demonstrating p-admissibility. In particular, we obtain an expressive numerical p-admissible concrete domain based on the rational numbers. Although$$\omega $$ω-admissibility and p-admissibility are orthogonal conditions that are almost exclusive, our algebraic characterizations of these two properties allow us to locate an infinite class of p-admissible concrete domains whose integration into$$\mathcal {ALC}$$ALCyields decidable DLs.
Harnessing rat derived model cells to assess the toxicity of TiO2 nanoparticles
Authors: Sarikhani Manizheh , Vaghefi Moghaddam Sevil , Firouzamandi Masoumeh , Hejazy Marzie , Rahimi Bahareh , Moeini Hassan , Alizadeh Effat 
Published: May 2022

AbstractUntil now, a few studies have been conducted on the destructive effects of TiO2 NPs in living organisms, and studies on the toxicity of TiO2 NPs are still in the beginning phases. Because of the widespread use of TiO2 NPs in all areas of human life, it is essential to study their profound and fundamental toxic effects on each organ and body cell. Herein, we evaluate the effect of exposure to TiO2 NPs on in vitro models derived from the rat bone marrow and adipose tissues. Exposure to TiO2 NPs at 100 and 200 μg/ml exhibited cytotoxicity for the rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) and rat adipose mesenchymal stem cells (rATSC), respectively. Additionally, reduced rBMSCs and rATSCs frequencies in the S phase of the cell cycle. Moreover, TiO2 NPs enhanced the activity of cellular senescence-associated β-galactosidase in both model cells. Significantly higher relative expression of aging-related genes P53 and NF-kB (p < 0.05) and lower expression levels of anti-aging-related genes Nanog and SIRT1 were found in the treated cells (p < 0.05). Colony-forming and DAPI staining showed the reduction of cell growth and DNA damage in both rBMSCs and rATSCs. Our findings along with other similar findings showed that TiO2 NPs probably have negative effects on the cell growth, prompt the cells for entry into proliferation stop, DNA damage, and trigger the aging process.
Evaluation of different bacterial honey isolates as probiotics and their efficient roles in cholesterol reduction
Authors: Abdelsamad Noura O. , Esawy Mona A. , Mahmoud Zeinab E. , El-Shazly Asmaa I. , Elsayed Tarek R. , Gamal Amira A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractContinue to hypothesize that honey is a storehouse of beneficial bacteria, and the majority of these isolates are levansucrase producers. Accordingly, ten bacterial strains were isolated from different honey sources. Four honey isolates that had the highest levansucrase production and levan yield were identified by the partial sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene asAchromobactersp. (10A),Bacillus paralicheniformis(2M),Bacillus subtilis(9A), andBacillus paranthracis(13M). The cytotoxicity of the selected isolates showed negative blood hemolysis. Also, they are sensitive to the tested antibiotics (Amoxicillin + Flucloxacillin, Ampicillin, Gentamicin, Benzathine benzylpenicillin, Epicephin, Vancomycin, Amikacin, and Zinol). The isolates had strong alkaline stability (pHs 9, 11) and were resistant to severe acidic conditions (29–100 percent). The tested isolates recorded complete tolerance to both H2O2and the bile salt (0.3% Oxgall powder) after 24 h incubation. The cell-free supernatant of the examined strains had antifungal activities againstC. Albicanswith varying degrees. Also, isolates 2M and 13M showed strong activities againstS. aureus. The isolates showed strong adhesion and auto-aggregation capacity. Isolate 10A showed the highest antioxidant activity (91.45%) followed by 2M (47.37%). The isolates recorded different catalase and protease activity. All isolates produced cholesterol oxidase and lipase with different levels. Besides, the four isolates reduced LDL (low-density lipoprotein) to different significant values. The cholesterol-reducing ability varied not only for strains but also for the time of incubation. The previous results recommended these isolates be used safely in solving the LDL problem.