bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Review of the Situation of Human African Trypanosomiasis in the Republic of Congo From the 1950s to 2020
Authors: Bemba Irina , Bamou Roland , Lenga Arsene , Okoko Aline , Awono-Ambene Parfait , Antonio-Nkondjio Christophe 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), despite considerable progress in the control, is still occurring in many countries in both west and central African regions. The HAT situation in the Republic of Congo has always been overshadowed by its neighbor the Democratic Republic of Congo where over 60% of all HAT cases occur. In the Republic of Congo, HAT cases have been significantly reduced to about 20 reported cases yearly and the disease is still prevalent in few foci across the country. Although continuous assessment of HAT situation in Congo is been led by the National Control Program for HAT, research on the vector, parasite, and vector control has received little attention. Because there have not been enough reviews summarizing key findings from studies conducted so far, there is still a poor understanding of the global situation of HAT in Congo. In order to achieve sustainable elimination of HAT in Congo a deep appraisal of HAT situation is required. The present study provides a review of studies conducted on HAT in the republic of Congo since the 1950s to date in order to identify gaps in knowledge and help consolidate the gains and progress towards the elimination of sleeping sickness.
Discrimination of 15 Amazonian Anopheline Mosquito Species by Polymerase Chain Reaction—Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism
Authors: Vezenegho S B , Issaly J , Carinci R , Gaborit P , Girod R , Dusfour Isabelle , Briolant S 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Precise identification of anopheline species is paramount for incrimination of malaria vectors and implementation of a sustainable control program. Anopheline mosquitoes are routinely identified morphologically, a technique that is time-consuming, needs high level of expertise, and prone to misidentifications especially when considering Amazonian species. The aim of this study was therefore to develop a DNA-based identification technique to supplement traditional morphological identification methods for the discrimination of anopheline mosquitoes collected in French Guiana. The internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) for anopheline species was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and digested with AluI/MspI restriction enzymes. PCR-restriction fragments length polymorphism (RFLP) assay was compared to sequencing of the ITS2 region for validation. Fifteen Anopheles species have shown distinct PCR-RFLP profiles. A concordance of 100% was obtained when identification by PCR-RFLP was compared to sequencing of ITS2. A high throughput, fast, and cost-effective PCR-RFLP assay has been developed for unambiguous discrimination of fifteen anopheline mosquito species from French Guiana including primary and suspected secondary malaria vectors.
Cervical Precancers and Cancers Attributed to HPV Types by Race and Ethnicity: Implications for Vaccination, Screening, and Management
Authors: Mix Jacqueline , Saraiya Mona , Hallowell Benjamin D , Befano Brian , Cheung Li C , Unger Elizabeth R , Gargano Julia W , Markowitz Lauri E , Castle Philip E , Raine-Bennett Tina , Walker Joan , Zuna Rosemary , Schiffman Mark , Wentzensen Nicolas , Gage Julia C 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundRacial and ethnic variations in attribution of cervical precancer and cancer to human papillomavirus (HPV) types may result in different HPV vaccine protection, screening test coverage, and clinical management.MethodsPooling data from 7 US studies, we calculated the proportional attribution of precancers and cancers to HPV types using HPV DNA typing from diagnosis. All statistical tests were 2-sided.ResultsFor all racial and ethnic groups, most cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 (CIN3) (84.2%-90.8% of 5526) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (90.4%-93.8% of 1138) were attributed to types targeted by the 9-valent vaccine. A higher proportion of CIN3s were attributed to nonvaccine HPV types among non-Hispanic Black women (15.8%) compared with non-Hispanic Asian or Pacific Islander (9.7%; P = .002), non-Hispanic White (9.2%; P &lt; .001), and Hispanic (11.3%; P = .004) women. The proportion of SCCs attributed to 9-valent types was similar by race and ethnicity (P = .80). A higher proportion of CIN3s were attributed to nonvaccine HPV35 among non-Hispanic Black (9.0%) compared with non-Hispanic Asian or Pacific Islander (2.2%), non-Hispanic White (2.5%), and Hispanic (3.0%; all P &lt; .001) women. Compared with CIN3, the proportion of SCCs attributed to HPV35 among non-Hispanic Black women (3.2%) was lower and closer to other groups (0.3%-2.1%; P = .70).ConclusionThe 9-valent HPV vaccine will prevent nearly all cervical precancers and invasive cancers among major racial and ethnic groups in the United States. Adding HPV35 to vaccines could prevent a small percentage of CIN3s and SCCs, with greater potential impact for CIN3s among Black women. HPV screening tests target high-risk HPV types, including HPV35. Future genotyping triage strategies could consider the importance of HPV35- and other HPV16-related types.
Widespread Mislocalization of FUS Is Associated With Mitochondrial Abnormalities in Skeletal Muscle in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis With FUS Mutations
Authors: Yu Meng , Zhao Xutong , Wu Wei , Wang Qingqing , Liu Jing , Zhang Wei , Yuan Yun , Hong Daojun , Wang Zhaoxia , Deng Jianwen 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Mutations in the fused in sarcoma (FUS) gene have been reported to be the most common genetic cause of early-onset amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS); cytoplasmic inclusions containing FUS protein are the predominant pathological feature. Recent studies indicated that mutant FUS impaired neuromuscular junctions and induced muscle intrinsic toxicity in cell and animal models. However, the role of FUS in muscle degeneration remains unclear. In this study, we investigated FUS protein distribution in skeletal muscle fibers in ALS-FUS. Our data show that cytoplasmic mislocalized FUS in the unaggregated form represented a remarkable pathological feature in affected muscle fibers in ALS-FUS. Additional studies found that cytoplasmic FUS colocalized with some mitochondria and was associated with mitochondrial swelling and disorganized cristae. RNA sequencing and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses indicated downregulation of the key subunits of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation complexes in the affected skeletal muscle in ALS-FUS patients. Further immunoblot analysis showed increased levels of FUS, but decreased levels of Cox I (subunit of complex IV) in ALS-FUS patients compared with age-matched controls. This is the first demonstration of the close association of cytoplasmic mislocalized FUS with mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle, implicating the presence of a cell-autonomous mechanism in muscle degeneration in ALS.
Fluorescence-guided laparoscopic lymph node biopsy in a lymphoma patient: a possible new clinical application of indocyanine green
Authors: Casaccia Marco , Testa Tommaso , Martigli Sofia Paola , Santoliquido Matteo , Lemoli Roberto Massimo 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
To date, there are no reports indicating the use of indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence to detect pathologic lymphatic tissue when a laparoscopic lymph node biopsy (LLB) for suspected new or recurrent lymphoma is performed. We present the case of a 72-year-old female patient admitted for suspicion of recurrent lymphoma. A preoperative imaging work-up showed solid tissue enveloping the terminal portion of the abdominal aorta with a standardized uptake value (SUV) of 10. Therefore, an LLB was planned. After induction of anesthesia, a ICG solution was injected intravenously and subcutaneously at both inguinal regions. At laparoscopy, a complete visualization of the pathologic lymph nodes was achieved, enabling an incisional biopsy of the lymphomatous mass. LLB with ICG-fluorescence offers a simple and safe method for pathologic lymph node detection in the suspicion of intra-abdominal lymphoma. More studies with large case series are needed to confirm the efficacy of this application.
Pleomorphic spindle cell sarcoma of the adrenal gland: an extremely rare cause of a large abdominal mass and a challenging diagnosis
Authors: Omar Mohamed Ozaal Abdul Mubarack , Rajendra Sittambalam 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Primary adrenal pleomorphic spindle cell sarcoma (PSCS) is an exceedingly rare mesenchymal tumour that was previously known as malignant fibrous histiocytoma. It commonly occurs in extremities, retroperitoneum, peritoneal cavity and rarely in visceral organs. We report the first case of PSCS in the left adrenal gland in a 65-year-old female who presented with a large abdominal mass with vague symptoms. The wide range of differential diagnoses posed a challenge in establishing the diagnosis. However, this was overcome by appropriate radiological, intra-operative, histological and most importantly, comprehensive immunohistochemical findings. The patient underwent complete surgical resection of the tumour and had an unremarkable recovery. She remains without metastasis or recurrences to date through her 18 months of post-operative follow-up despite the poor prognosis of this tumour.
Missed traumatic abdominal injury with challenging management: report of 12-year follow-up
Authors: Ceballos-Esparragón José J , Servide-Staffolani María José , Petrone Patrizio 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Despite well-established clinical guidelines and use of radiologic imaging for diagnosis, challenges are faced when accurate decisions must be made within seconds. Patients with life-threatening injuries represent 10–15% of all hospitalized trauma patients. In fact, 20% of abdominal injuries will require surgical intervention. In abdominal trauma, it is important to distinguish the difference between surgical intervention, which includes damage control procedures and definitive treatment. The main objective of damage control surgery is to control the bleeding, reduce the contamination and delay additional surgical stress at a time of physiological vulnerability of the patient, along with abdominal containment, visceral protection and avoiding aponeurotic retraction in situations where primary abdominal closure is not possible. However, this technique has high morbidity and comes with a myriad of complications, including development of catastrophic abdomen and formation of enterocutaneous fistulas.
‘Goblin Market’, Sisterhood and the Church Penitentiary Association
Authors: Rogers Scott T 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Christina Rossetti’s work with fallen women and penitent prostitutes as a volunteer for the Church Penitentiary Association has long been known, but to date there is little scholarship on the relationship between her poem ‘Goblin Market’ and the actual rules and structures of the types of institutions where Rossetti volunteered for a decade. In this essay, I examine the ways that ‘Goblin Market’ both reflects the influence of the Church Penitentiary Association and interrogates questions about the viability of female communities.
H2 profiles of C-type bow shocks
Authors: Smith M D , Brand P W J L 
Published: February 2022

Summary
We present emission-line profiles of molecular hydrogen from curved C-shocks within molecular clouds. Shock configurations arising from the supersonic motion of jets and bullets within a dense cloud are chosen. Bow shock speeds in the range vw = 40-200 km s-1 are investigated. Breakdown through dissociation and selfionization restricts the C-shock section to the bow tail. We find that profiles ire essentially single-peaked and narrow with full widths (at 10 per cent maximum intensity, deconvolved) of up to about 50,40 and 30 km s-1 for cones, hemispherical caps and paraboloids, respectively. Exceptional field alignments can produce lines as wide as 75 km s-1 in the conical shock model. Line asymmetry is critically dependent on the orientation to the observer and, for low-velocity bows, the magnetic field direction. The peak is never significantly shifted away from the radial component of the pre-shock velocity. These results are consistent with observed profiles from H2 peaks associated with Herbig-Haro objects but not with the particularly broad H2 lines in OMC-1 and DR2 1
A search for quasars in a field around NGC 520
Authors: Gosset E , Clowes R G , Surdej J , Swings J P 
Published: February 2022

Summary
We have performed an objective-prism search for quasars in a field around the galaxy NGC 520. The AUTOMATED QUASAR DETECTION (AQD) software has been applied and a sample of 175 highly rated quasar candidates has been selected and is presented here. The 2D and 3D distributions of the candidates have been analysed. The distribution on the celestial sphere turns out to be non-random. The deviations from randomness are both a tendency to exhibit anticorrelation at the scale of a few arcmin and a significant excess of objects at separations of about 20 arcmin. A very weak tendency towards spatial clustering is also detected (significance level 0.04) at a typical scale of 10 h−1 Mpc, but it concerns an extremely small number of candidates and a definitive conclusion is delayed until all the candidates have been observed spectroscopically. Finally, in order to test the claims by Arp & Duhalde that an excess of quasars exists near NGC 520 and that there is a preferential NE-SW alignment of bright quasars across this amorphous galaxy, we have also performed various statistical analyses of the distribution of the high-grade quasar candidates with respect to NGC 520: no sign of any possible relation is present in our data.
Spectroscopy of faint, high latitude cataclysmic variable candidates
Authors: Mukai K , Mason K O , Howell S B , Allington-Smith J , Callanan P J , Charles P A , Hassall B J M , Machin G , Naylor T , Smale A P , van Paradijs J 
Published: February 2022

Summary
The fields of several variable stars believed to be cataclysmic binaries at large distances above the Galactic plane have been examined using low resolution spectroscopy in the 3600-10000 Å wavelength range. The spectral characteristics of the stars observed are presented. We find that AL Com may be an intermediate polar on the basis of its modulation period, and the observation of hydrogen lines in its spectrum. In four systems, ARCnc, DVUMa, DODra and BCUMa, there is evidence for the spectral signature of the mass-donating secondary, and we use the spectral type of the secondary to estimate the system parameters. At least two of these binaries, ARCnc and DVUMa, are eclipsing. The inferred absolute magnitude of BC UMa is faint, in the range 11.0-13.5. The blue spectrum of this star is remarkably similar to that of the unusual cataclysmic variable WZ Sge. We note that BC UMa and WZ Sge also exhibit similar, and extreme, outburst amplitudes, and have very similar orbital periods.
Possible chaotic pulsations in ZZ Ceti and rapidly oscillating Ap stars due to non-linear harmonic mode coupling
Authors: Verheest Frank , Hereman Willy , Serras Herman 
Published: February 2022

Summary
Some ZZ Ceti and rapidly oscillating Ap stars show some multi-periodic behaviour, including prominent peaks in their power spectra at harmonically spaced frequencies with ratios 1 :2:3. The non-linear interaction between three such modes is a combination of the usual three-wave interaction coupled to second-harmonic generation. The amplitude equations for such a combined interaction are fundamentally different, and the Painleve analysis carried out here shows them to be non-integrable in the Hamiltonian sense, so that for long-term behaviour one expects irregular or chaotic phenomena instead of simple periodic or multi-periodic pulsations, especially when other modes and dissipation are included. Some examples of stars to which this might apply are given. These include VY Hor = BPM 3 1594 and BG CVn = GD 154 among the ZZ Ceti stars, PG 1351 + 489 among the DB variable white dwarfs, and HD 60435 and HD 22374 among the rapidly oscillating Ap stars.
Variability of the Ap star 21 Com: results from multiple-site campaigns
Authors: Kreidl Tobias J , Garrido Rafael , Huang Lin , Guo Zihe , Belmonte Juan A , Fernie J D , Zverko Juraj , Žižňovský Jozef , Weiss Werner W , Elliott Ian , Matthews Jaymie M 
Published: February 2022

Summary
A total of over 210 hr of previously unpublished differential photoelectric photometry of 21 Com (HD 108945, HR4766), obtained in five years, were analysed to search for periodicities. Of these, the 88 hr obtained in 1983, 1985, 1986 and 1989 were searched for, and show no indications of short-period variability. In 1988, over 116 hr of differential photoelectric photometry of 21 Com were obtained from six observing sites in North America, Europe and Asia in Stromgren b in order to look for rotational, as well as pulsational, periodicities. Most of the data were obtained during a three-week period of time in 1988 March—April, and nearly 6 hr of additional data were obtained in 1989 June. No statistically significant short-period variability was detected in the period range of 4.8 min to 2 hr in any of these data. The lack of detection of short-period variability contradicts the findings of numerous other authors, most recently those of Santagati et al. We have found a double-peaked lightcurve with a period of 2.00435 ± 0.00080 d and a peak-to-peak amplitude of about 0.03 mag in b that we attribute to rotational variability. The time-base between our 1988 and 1989 data allows us to establish this accuracy for the period. We present arguments which rule out a single-wave lightcurve of half this period (namely 1.002 d).
Plateaus, dips, and rebrightenings during the outbursts of WZ Sge: no magnetic propeller, but a veiling curtain
Authors: Georganti M , Knigge C , Castro Segura N , Long K S 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
WZ Sge is the prototype of highly evolved, low-accretion rate dwarf novae (DNe). During the decline from eruptions, its light curve displays a ‘dip’ followed by ≃10 ‘echo outbursts’. The standard disc instability model does not account for this behaviour, which is also seen in other low-accretion rate DNe. One recent interpretation for these rapid brightness changes is that they represent transitions into and out of a magnetic propeller regime. Here, we test this scenario with time-resolved, ultraviolet spectroscopy taken with the Hubble Space Telescope just before, during and after the dip in WZ Sge’s 2001 eruption. We find no distinctive or unique signatures that could be attributed to a propeller in either the time-averaged UV spectrum or the variability spectrum. Thus the data do not support the magnetic propeller scenario. Instead of resolving the mystery of WZ Sge’s outburst light curve, our study has actually added another: the origin of the narrow absorption features seen in all outburst phases. We show explicitly that these features are likely formed in a high-density ‘veiling curtain’ with a characteristic temperature $\rm T \simeq 17,000~\mathrm{K}$. However, the nature and origin of this veil are unclear. Given that WZ Sge-type DNe are the most intrinsically common class of accreting white dwarfs, resolving these questions should be a high priority.
PKS 1424+240: yet another masquerading BL Lac object as a possible IceCube neutrino source
Authors: Padovani P , Boccardi B , Falomo R , Giommi P 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
We show that the blazar PKS 1424+240, which has been recently associated by IceCube with a neutrino excess at the $3.3\, \sigma$ level together with three other sources, is similar to the first plausible non-stellar neutrino source, TXS 0506+056, in being also a masquerading BL Lac object, i.e. intrinsically a flat-spectrum radio quasar with hidden broad lines and a standard accretion disc. We point out that these two sources share other properties, including spectral energy distribution, high powers, parsec scale properties, and possibly radio morphology. We speculate that the relatively rare combination of proton-loaded jets, possibly typical of high-excitation sources, and efficient particle acceleration processes, related to their relatively high synchrotron peak frequencies, might favour neutrino production in these two sources. GB6 J1542+6129, which has also recently appeared twice in a list of IceCube associations, seems also to belong to this rare blazar sub-class, which includes at most ≈20 Fermi-4LAC blazars.
SYMBIOSIS: synthetic manipulable biobricks via orthogonal serine integrase systems
Authors: Ba Fang , Liu Yushi , Liu Wan-Qiu , Tian Xintong , Li Jian 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Serine integrases are emerging as one of the most powerful biological tools for synthetic biology. They have been widely used across genome engineering and genetic circuit design. However, developing serine integrase-based tools for directly/precisely manipulating synthetic biobricks is still missing. Here, we report SYMBIOSIS, a versatile method that can robustly manipulate DNA parts in vivo and in vitro. First, we propose a ‘keys match locks’ model to demonstrate that three orthogonal serine integrases are able to irreversibly and stably switch on seven synthetic biobricks with high accuracy in vivo. Then, we demonstrate that purified integrases can facilitate the assembly of ‘donor’ and ‘acceptor’ plasmids in vitro to construct composite plasmids. Finally, we use SYMBIOSIS to assemble different chromoprotein genes and create novel colored Escherichia coli. We anticipate that our SYMBIOSIS strategy will accelerate synthetic biobrick manipulation, genetic circuit design and multiple plasmid assembly for synthetic biology with broad potential applications.
An improved molecular inversion probe based targeted sequencing approach for low variant allele frequency
Authors: Biezuner Tamir , Brilon Yardena , Arye Asaf Ben , Oron Barak , Kadam Aditee , Danin Adi , Furer Nili , Minden Mark D , Hwan Kim Dennis Dong , Shapira Shiran , Arber Nadir , Dick John , Thavendiranathan Paaladinesh , Moskovitz Yoni , Kaushansky Nathali , Chapal-Ilani Noa , Shlush Liran I 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDeep targeted sequencing technologies are still not widely used in clinical practice due to the complexity of the methods and their cost. The Molecular Inversion Probes (MIP) technology is cost effective and scalable in the number of targets, however, suffers from low overall performance especially in GC rich regions. In order to improve the MIP performance, we sequenced a large cohort of healthy individuals (n = 4417), with a panel of 616 MIPs, at high depth in duplicates. To improve the previous state-of-the-art statistical model for low variant allele frequency, we selected 4635 potentially positive variants and validated them using amplicon sequencing. Using machine learning prediction tools, we significantly improved precision of 10–56.25% (P &lt; 0.0004) to detect variants with VAF &gt; 0.005. We further developed biochemically modified MIP protocol and improved its turn-around-time to ∼4 h. Our new biochemistry significantly improved uniformity, GC-Rich regions coverage, and enabled 95% on target reads in a large MIP panel of 8349 genomic targets. Overall, we demonstrate an enhancement of the MIP targeted sequencing approach in both detection of low frequency variants and in other key parameters, paving its way to become an ultrafast cost-effective research and clinical diagnostic tool.