bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic outbreak on mental health of the hospital front-line healthcare workers in Chile: a difference-in-differences approach
Authors: Olivares-Tirado Pedro , Zanga-Pizarro Rosendo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundMost of the evidence about impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of healthcare workers (HCWs) comes from symptom questionnaires. It is important to evaluate main mental health diagnoses in hospital front-line HCW’s during the early acute phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in Chile.MethodsAn individual-level cross-sectional study using administrative data was conducted. A Difference-in-Difference (DiD) approach was used to estimate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sick leave rates of depression, anxiety and acute stress reaction among hospital front-line HCW’s in comparison with other private insured workers.ResultsDiD estimates showed a significant reduction of depression (17%), anxiety (8%) and acute stress reaction (8%) sick leave rate, in the front-line HCWs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Reduction of the three mental disorders sick leave rates was higher in men than women. Except for depression, front-line HCW’s from the Santiago region’s sick leave rates of anxiety and acute stress reaction decreased more than other regions’.ConclusionOpposite to our hypothesis the results suggests a remarkable resilience level and compromise of front-line HCW’s. To address threats to the mental health of HCW’s is key to promotes programs for their psychological well-being and safety.
War, Socialism, and the Rise of Fascism: an Empirical Exploration
Authors: Acemoglu Daron , De Feo Giuseppe , De Luca Giacomo , Russo Gianluca 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The recent ascent of right-wing populist movements in several countries has rekindled interest in understanding the causes of the rise of fascism in the interwar years. In this article, we argue that there was a strong link between the surge of support for the Socialist Party after World War I and the subsequent emergence of fascism in Italy. We first develop a source of variation in socialist support across Italian municipalities in the 1919 election based on war casualties from the area. We show that these casualties are unrelated to a battery of political, economic, and social variables before the war and had a major effect on socialist support (partly because the socialists were the main antiwar political movement). Our main result is that this boost to socialist support (that is “exogenous” to the prior political leaning of the municipality) led to greater local fascist activity as measured by local party branches and fascist political violence, and to significantly larger vote share of the Fascist Party in the 1921 and 1924 elections. We provide evidence that landowner associations and greater presence of local elites played an important role in the rise of fascism. Finally, we find greater likelihood of Jewish deportations in 1943–45 and lower vote share for Christian Democrats after World War II in areas with greater early fascist activity.
Concordance between myositis autoantibodies and anti-nuclear antibody patterns in a real-world, Australian cohort
Authors: He Jianna , Wei Xiumei , Sturgess Allan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Myositis autoantibodies (MAs) were traditionally used as a diagnostic biomarker for idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM). Its clinical utility had recently expanded to include interstitial lung disease (ILD) diagnosis. Depending on the patient cohort, MAs false positives can be common. Correlation between ANA indirect immunofluorescent (IIF) pattern and MAs may improve its positive predictive value (PPV). The aim of our study was to determine the PPV of MAs in IIM and ILD in a real-world patient cohort. We also assessed whether concordance between MAs and ANA IIF pattern can improve the PPV of positive MA results.

Methods
Patients with positive MAs and corresponding ANA IIF pattern were identified from Sutherland Centre of Immunology, New South Wales Health Pathology, Australia. The corresponding health records were reviewed to identify each patient’s primary diagnosis. χ2 test was used to compare the PPV between MA-ANA concordant and discordant groups.

Results
Between January 2016 and July 2019, 118 patients were positive for at least one MA (mean age 66.7 years, 55% female). The most frequently detected autoantibodies were Ro52, anti-synthetase antibodies and PM-Scl. The PPV of MAs for IIM or ILD was 47.4%. The overall concordance rate of MAs and ANA IIF pattern was 70.2%. Patients with concordant MA-ANA results were more likely to have true clinical disease (64.1% vs 17.8%, P &lt;0.001).

Conclusion
Myositis autoantibodies have a low PPV for IIM and ILD in a real-world patient cohort. A positive concordance with ANA IIF pattern can improve MA test accuracy.
Stem Cell Therapy for Neuroprotection in the Growth-Restricted Newborn
Authors: Chand Kirat , Nano Rachel , Wixey Julie , Patel Jatin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFetal growth restriction (FGR) occurs when a fetus is unable to grow normally due to inadequate nutrient and oxygen supply from the placenta. Children born with FGR are at high risk of lifelong adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes, such as cerebral palsy, behavioral issues, and learning and attention difficulties. Unfortunately, there is no treatment to protect the FGR newborn from these adverse neurological outcomes. Chronic inflammation and vascular disruption are prevalent in the brains of FGR neonates and therefore targeted treatments may be key to neuroprotection. Tissue repair and regeneration via stem cell therapies have emerged as a potential clinical intervention for FGR babies at risk for neurological impairment and long-term disability. This review discusses the advancement of research into stem cell therapy for treating neurological diseases and how this may be extended for use in the FGR newborn. Leading preclinical studies using stem cell therapies in FGR animal models will be highlighted and the near-term steps that need to be taken for the development of future clinical trials.
Using caloric efficiency to estimate the net energy value of expelled, extruded soybean meal relative to dehulled, solvent-extracted soybean meal and its effects on growth performance of nursery pigs,
Authors: Blomme Allison K , Wecker Haley K , Tokach Mike D , Woodworth Jason C , Stark Charles R , Paulk Chad B 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to estimate the net energy (NE) value of expelled, extruded soybean meal (MSBM) relative to dehulled, solvent-extracted soybean meal (SSBM) and determine its effects on growth performance of late nursery pigs. A total of 297 pigs (DNA 241 × 600) were weaned (BW 5.10 kg) and placed into 60 pens (2 rooms of 30 pens) with 5 pigs per pen balanced by gender and weaning weight. Pigs were fed a common diet for 21 d. Then, pens of pigs (BW 9.3 kg) were randomly assigned to one of five treatments to provide 12 replications per treatment. Treatments consisted of increasing amounts of MSBM replacing SSBM in the diet (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%). All diets were fed for 28 d and were formulated to 1.30% standardized ileal digestible lysine and met or exceeded requirements for amino acids, calcium, and phosphorus. The SSBM diet was formulated to 2,421 kcal/kg and NE was not balanced between diets. Analyzed values for CP, EE, CF, and total lysine for the SSBM were 47.28%, 0.47%, 3.80%, and 3.00%, whereas the MSBM contained 47.41%, 6.88%, 5.32%, and 2.99%, respectively. The MSBM had increased values for KOH solubility and trypsin inhibitor (83.62% and 7,026 TIU/g) compared to the SSBM (73.05% and 3,011 TIU/g), whereas urease activity was similar between the two (0.03 and 0.02 Δ pH, respectively). Data were analyzed using Proc GLIMMIX (SAS 9.4; Cary, NC) with pen as the experimental unit and room as the blocking factor. There was no evidence of differences in ADG and ADFI in pigs fed diets with increasing concentrations of MSBM. Pigs fed diets with increasing concentrations of MSBM had improved (linear, P &lt; 0.001) G:F and caloric efficiency on an NE basis. Using caloric efficiency to estimate NE of the MSBM relative to SSBM, MSBM was estimated to have a value of 2,566 kcal/kg. In conclusion, MSBM contains approximately 123% of the energy of SSBM, which improved feed efficiency when fed to nursery pigs.
Ameliorative impacts of chrysin against gibberellic acid-induced liver and kidney damage through the regulation of antioxidants, oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines, and apoptosis biomarkers
Authors: Soliman Mohamed Mohamed , Aldhahrani Adil , Gaber Ahmed , Alsanie Walaa F , Mohamed Wafaa Abdou , Metwally Mohamed M M , Elbadawy Mohamed , Shukry Mustafa 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Gibberellic acid (GA3), a widely known plant growth regulator, has been mostly used in agriculture. Little is known regarding its toxicity or the impact of its metabolic mechanism on human health. The current study examined the protective impact of chrysin against GA3-induced liver and kidney dysfunctions at biochemical, molecular, and histopathological levels. Forty male albino rats were allocated into 4 groups. The control group received saline; the chrysin group received 50 mg/kg/BW orally daily for 4 weeks; the GA3 group received 55 mg/kg/BW GA3 via daily oral gavage for 4 weeks, and the protective group (chrysin + GA3) was administered both chrysin and GA3 at the same dosage given in chrysin and GA3 groups. Chrysin was administered 1 h earlier than GA3. The GA3 induced liver and kidney injuries as proven by the elevation of hepatic and renal markers with a significant increase in malondialdehyde levels. Furthermore, a decrease of catalase and glutathione was reported in the GA3-administered rats. Pre-administration of chrysin significantly protected the hepatorenal tissue against the deleterious effects of GA3. Chrysin restored the hepatorenal functions and their antioxidant ability to normal levels. Moreover, chrysin modulated the hepatorenal toxic effects of GA3 at the molecular level via the upregulation of the antiapoptotic genes, interleukin-10 (IL-10), hemoxygenase-1, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 expressions; the downregulation of the kidney injury molecule-1 and caspase-3 mRNA expressions; and a decrease in IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α secretions. Additionally, the pre-administration of chrysin effectively attenuated the GA3-induced hepatorenal histopathological changes by regulating the immunoexpression of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) and pregnane X receptor, resulting in normal values at the cellular level. In conclusion, chrysin attenuated GA3-induced oxidative hepatorenal injury by inhibiting free-radical production and cytokine expression as well as by modulating the antioxidant, apoptotic, and antiapoptotic activities. Chrysin is a potent hepatorenal protective agent to antagonize oxidative stress induced by GA3.
Brain differential gene expression and blood cross-validation of a molecular signature of patients with major depressive disorder
Authors: Gomez Rueda Hugo , Bustillo Juan 
Published: January 2022

Introduction
The agreement between clinicians diagnosing major depressive disorder (MDD) is poor. The objective of this study was to identify a reproducible and robust gene expression marker capable of differentiating MDD from healthy control (HC) subjects.

Materials and methods
Brain and blood gene expression datasets were searched, which included subjects with MDD and HC. The largest database including different areas of brain samples (GSE80655) was used to identify an initial gene expression marker. Tests of robustness and reproducibility were then implemented in 13 brain and 7 blood independent datasets. Correlations between expression in brain and blood samples were also examined. Finally, an enrichment analysis to explore the marker biological meaning was completed.

Results
Twenty-eight genes were differentially expressed in GSE80655, of which 23 were critical to differentiate MDD from HC. The accuracy obtained using the 23 genes was 0.77 and 0.8, before and after the forward selection model, respectively. The gene marker’s robustness and reproducibility were between the range of 0.46 and 0.63 in the other brain datasets and between 0.45 and 0.78 for the blood datasets. Brain and blood expression tended to correlate in some samples. Thirteen of the 23 genes were related to stress and immune response.

Conclusion
A 23 gene expression marker was able to distinguish subjects with MDD from HC, with adequate reproducibility and low robustness in the independent databases investigated. This gene set was similarly expressed in the brain and blood and involved genes related to stress and immune response.
Network-based integrative analysis of lithium response in bipolar disorder using transcriptomic and GWAS data
Authors: Niemsiri Vipavee , Rosenthal Sarah Brin , Nievergelt Caroline M. , Maihofer Adam X. , Marchetto Maria C. , Santos Renata , Shekhtman Tatyana , Alliey-Rodriguez Ney , Anand Amit , Balaraman Yokesh , Berrettini Wade H. , Bertram Holli , Burdick Katherine E. , Calabrese Joseph R. , Calkin Cynthia V. , Conroy Carla , Coryell William H. , DeModena Anna , Feeder Scott , Fisher Carrie , Frazier Nicole , Frye Mark A. , Gao Keming , Garnham Julie , Gershon Elliot S. , Goes Fernando , Goto Toyomi , Harrington Gloria J. , Jakobsen Petter , Kamali Masoud , Kelly Marisa , Leckband Susan G. , Lohoff Falk , McCarthy Michael J. , McInnis Melvin G. , Craig David , Millett Caitlin E. , Mondimore Francis , Morken Gunnar , Nurnberger John I. , Donovan Claire O’ , Øedegaard Ketil J. , Ryan Kelly , Schinagle Martha , Shilling Paul D. , Slaney Claire , Stapp Emma K. , Stautland Andrea , Tarwater Bruce , Zandi Peter P. , Alda Martin , Fisch Kathleen M. , Gage Fred H. , Kelsoe John R. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLithium (Li) is one of the most effective drugs for treating bipolar disorder (BD), however, there is presently no way to predict response to guide treatment. The aim of this study is to identify functional genes and pathways that distinguish BD Li responders (LR) from BD Li non-responders (NR). An initial Pharmacogenomics of Bipolar Disorder study (PGBD) GWAS of lithium response did not provide any significant results. As a result, we then employed network-based integrative analysis of transcriptomic and genomic data. In transcriptomic study of iPSC-derived neurons, 41 significantly differentially expressed (DE) genes were identified in LR vs NR regardless of lithium exposure. In the PGBD, post-GWAS gene prioritization using the GWA- boosting (GWAB) approach identified 1119 candidate genes. Following DE-derived network propagation, there was a highly significant overlap of genes between the top 500- and top 2000-proximal gene networks and the GWAB gene list (Phypergeometric=1.28E- 09 and 4.10E-18, respectively). Functional enrichment analyses of the top 500 proximal network genes identified focal adhesion and the extracellular matrix (ECM) as the most significant functions. Our findings suggest that the difference between LR and NR was a much greater effect than that of lithium. The direct impact of dysregulation of focal adhesion on axon guidance and neuronal circuits could underpin mechanisms of response to lithium, as well as underlying BD. It also highlights the power of integrative multi-omics analysis of transcriptomic and genomic profiling to gain molecular insights into lithium response in BD.
DNA methylation meta-analysis confirms the division of the genome into two functional groups
Authors: Salnikov Lev , Goldberg Saveli , Sukumaran Parvathy , Pinsky Eugene 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBased on a meta-analysis of human genome methylation data, we tested a theoretical model in which aging is explained by the redistribution of limited resources in cells between two main tasks of the organism: its self-sustenance based on the function of the housekeeping gene group (HG) and functional differentiation, provided by the (IntG) integrative gene group. A meta-analysis of methylation of 100 genes, 50 in the HG group and 50 in IntG, showed significant differences (p<0.0001) between our groups in the level of absolute methylation values of genes bodies and its promoters. We showed a reliable decrease of absolute methylation values in IntG with rising age in contrast to HG, where this level remained constant. The one-sided decrease in methylation in the IntG group is indirectly confirmed by the dispersion data analysis, which also decreased in the genes of this group. The imbalance between HG and IntG in methylation levels suggests that this IntG-shift is a side effect of the ontogenesis grownup program and the main cause of aging. The theoretical model of functional genome division also suggests the leading role of slow dividing and post mitotic cells in triggering and implementing the aging process.
Price elasticity of demand for new and recurring opioid prescriptions
Authors: Harris Rebecca Arden 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveSeveral U.S. states have recently enacted excise taxes to curb prescription opioid use and other states are considering similar measures. We assessed the effects of increasing out-of-pocket costs (OPC) on new and recurring opioid fills.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of opioid-naive individuals presenting with acute back pain using data from a nationwide claims repository. We estimated the effect of OPC on the initiation of opioid treatment in logistic regressions, controlling for socio-demographics, medical history, healthcare utilization, insurance type, and region. With the same covariates plus morphine milligram equivalents and days supplied, we estimated the effect of OPC on the number of opioid fills in negative binomial regressions. We report the price elasticity of demand (PED) for prescription opioids, defined as the percentage change in outcome resulting from a two-fold increase in OPC.ResultsOf 25,531 adults diagnosed with acute back pain in Q1 of 2018, 2,451 (9.6%) filled at least one opioid prescription. In multivariable regression, the association between OPC and initiating opioid treatment was not significant (PED= -1.9%; 95% CI: -5.5%, 1.7%). However, by region, the PED was -10.3% (95% CI: -18.1%, -2.4%) in the coastal states and 1.6% (95% CI: -2.5%, 5.7%) in the central-southern states. The PED for the number of prescription fills was -3.7% (95% CI: -7.3%, -0.1%), which also differed by region. In the coastal states, the PED was -15.2% (95% CI: -24.7%, -5.7%) and in the central-southern states -1.5% (95% CI: -5.4%, 2.4%).ConclusionsOpioid fills were price sensitive in the coastal states but not in the central-southern states. Policies that would increase OPC might have a restraining effect on opioid consumption in parts, but not all of the U.S.
Hydroxychloroquine/Chloroquine in COVID-19 With Focus on Hospitalized Patients – A Systematic Review
Authors: Freilich Daniel , Victory Jennifer , Gadomski Anne 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, many hospitalized patients received empiric hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine (HC/CQ). Although some retrospective-observational trials suggested potential benefit, all subsequent randomized clinical trials (RCTs) failed to show benefit and use generally ceased. Herein, we summarize key studies that clinicians advising patients on HC/CQ’s efficacy:safety calculus in hospitalized COVID-19 patients would want to know about in a practical one-stop-shopping source.MethodsPubmed and Google were searched on November 4, 2021. Search words included: COVID-19, hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine, in vitro, animal studies, clinical trials, and meta-analyses. Studies were assessed for import and included if considered impactful for benefit:risk assessment.ResultsThese searches led to inclusion of 12 in vitro and animal reports; 12 retrospective-observational trials, 19 interventional clinical trials (17 RCTs, 1 single-arm, 1 controlled but unblinded), and 51 meta-analyses in hospitalized patients.Inconsistent efficacy was seen in vitro and in animal studies for coronaviruses and nil in SARS-CoV-2 animal models specifically. Most retrospective-observational studies in hospitalized COVID-19 patients found no efficacy; QT prolongation and increased adverse events and mortality were reported in some. All RCTs and almost all meta-analyses provided robust data showing no benefit in overall populations and subgroups, yet concerning safety issues in many.ConclusionsHC/CQ have inconsistent anti-coronavirus efficacy in vitro and in animal models, and no convincing efficacy yet substantial safety issues in the overwhelming majority of retrospective-observational trials, RCTs, and meta-analyses in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. HC/CQ should not be prescribed for hospitalized COVID-19 patients outside of clinical trials.Key Summary PointsPreclinical hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine in vitro studies found inconsistent activity against coronaviruses including SARS-CoV-2.Preclinical hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine animals studies found inconsistent efficacy for coronaviruses in general and none for SARS-CoV-2.The overhwelming majority of RCTs and retrospective-observational trials found no benefit for hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, and many found concerning safety signals.The majority of RCTs and retrospective-observational trials found no benefit for hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine in COVID-19 outpatients or for pre- or post-exposure prophylaxis, and some found concerning safety signals.The overwhelming majority of meta-analyses found no benefit for hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine in COVID-19 inpatients, outpatients, or for prophylaxis, and many found concerning safety signals.