bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pure Synthesis and the Principle of the Synthetic Unity of Apperception
Authors: Gentry Gerad 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Kant calls the Principle of the Synthetic Unity of Apperception (PSUA) the “highest point” to which we “must affix all use of the understanding, even the whole of logic and, after it, transcendental philosophy.” In this article, I offer an original interpretation of this “supreme principle.” My argument is twofold. First, I argue that the common identification of this principle with the “I think” or even the form of the I think misses the basis on which this principle is capable of grounding Kant’s transcendental deduction. It must be understood as a purely formal, transcendental principle. Second, I argue that this highest principle must be understood (in part) as a purely formal principle of pure synthesis in order for Kant’s account of the mind to lay valid claim to such spontaneity (the freedom of theoretical cognition operative through synthesis) without invoking the very dogmatic idealism that he critiques. The reduction of this principle to the real I think, or even to the Transcendental Unity of Apperception (TUA), undermines the basic distinction on which Kant’s deduction depends. I pay particular attention to important, recent arguments from Longuenesse (2017) on the TUA, Williams (2017) on the Original Unity of Apperception, Allison (2004) and Pollok (2017) on the status of a priori principles, and McLear (2015) on the claim that unity necessarily presupposes synthesis.
Migration of iodine-129 and iodine-127 in soils
Authors: Ernst T. , Szidat S. , Handl J. , Jakob D. , Michel R. , Schnabel Ch. , Synal H.-A. , Santos Arevalo F. J. , Benne I. , Boess J. , Gehrt E. , Capelle A. , Schneider J. , Schäfer W. , Böttcher J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
To draw the balance of anthropogenic 129I input into European soils, the concentrations of 129I and 127I in seven soils from Lower Saxony were analyzed down to a depth of 250 cm. In comparison with pre-nuclear soils and Ukrainian soils, we detected a significant anthropogenic input of 129I. Considering the different time periods for the input of 129I and 127I it was possible to assess the dynamics of sorption processes which dominate migration and accumulation. Anthropogenic 129I was successfully used as a tracer for a clarification of the migration processes of trace elements in soils.
The response of various neutron dose meters considering the application at a high energy particle accelerator
Authors: Gutermuth F. , Radon T. , Fehrenbacher G. , Festag J. G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The applicability of several neutron detectors for dose measurements at a neutron field typical for high energy particle accelerators is investigated. The response of four commercially available active neutron dose meters and two passive detectors to neutrons from a 241Am-Be(α,n) source and to neutrons at the CERN EU high energy reference field was determined experimentally and simulated using the Monte-Carlo code FLUKA. Fluence response functions and dose responses for the different detectors were calculated in the energy range between 1 keV and 10 GeV. The results show that the dose response to the high energy neutron field at CERN of the conventional rem-counters is lower by a factor of 2 to 2.5 if compared to the dose response to a 241Am-Be(α,n) neutron source. The rem-counters exhibiting an additional layer of lead inside the moderating structure showed dose readings which differ only up to 25 %. A thermoluminescent based neutron detector was tested for comparison. These passive detectors revealed a neutron response similar to a rem-counter and may be preferable for situations with highly pulsed beams.
Work Performance Self-Efficacy of Pakistani University Librarians
Authors: Rafique Ghulam Murtaza , Jutt Rizwana , Idrees Haroon 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This research aims to investigate the work performance self-efficacy of university librarians using a cross-sectional survey method. The data were collected from currently working 200 university librarians at Higher Education Commission (HEC) recognized public and private sector universities in Punjab, Pakistan by adopting a validated and reliable questionnaire. Survey results indicate that university librarians focus on work goals and are therefore able to meet deadlines through planning and time management. They make efforts to update knowledge and skills pertaining to their job by actively participating in meetings and social gatherings. They are not harmful to their respective institutes and avoid sharing any negative aspect with other colleagues. A relationship is found between task and contextual performance, whereas there is no significant association between counterproductive work behavior and task performance. No correlation is observed between work performance self-efficacy and type of organization (public vs. private) in which university librarians are currently working. Furthermore, designations of the study participants do not affect their work performance self-efficacy, however, gender, age, and experience appear to be the predictors of job performance self-efficacy. These findings provide a pragmatic insight into work performance self-efficacy of university librarians that can be used as a guide in developing cohesive and useful directions for a need-based performance development training program.
Bonding analysis of the C2precursor Me3E–C2–I(Ph)FBF3(E = C, Si, Ge)
Authors: Gorantla Sai Manoj N. V. T. , Pan Sudip , Chandra Mondal Kartik , Frenking Gernot 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA series of possible precursors for generating C2with the general formula Me3E–C2–I(Ph)FBF3[E = C (1), Si (2), and Ge (3)] has been theoretically investigated using quantum chemical calculations. The equilibrium geometries of all species show a linear E–C2–I+backbone. The inspection of the electronic structure of the Me3E–C2bond by energy decomposition analysis coupled with the natural orbital for chemical valence (EDA-NOCV) method suggests a combination of electron sharing C–Cσ-bond and v weakπ-dative bond between Me3C and C2fragments in the doublet state for species1(E = C). For species2(Si) and3(Ge), the analysis revealsσ-dative Me3E–C2bonds (E = Si, Ge; Me3E←C2) resulting from the interaction of singly charged (Me3E)+and (C2–IPh(BF4))−fragments in their singlet states. The C2–I bond is diagnosed as an electron sharingσ-bond in all three species,1,2and3.
Determination of degree of ethoxylation of fatty alcohol ethoxylates by FTIR/ATR spectroscopy and multivalibrate calibration
Authors: Figueira Garcia Marcelo Hilario 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe aim of the present work is to develop a fast and simple methodology of analysis of the degree of ethoxylation (ethylene oxide content – EO) of linear C12–C15 fatty alcohol ethoxylates using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with attenuated total reflectance accessory. The spectra were recorded in the range of 2000 cm−1to 600 cm−1, with 64 scans and a resolution of 4 cm−1. The calibration of a linear model using the partial least square regression method applied to the spectral data allowed determination of the ethylene oxide content of the samples. The regression coefficient obtained for the model wasR2 = 0.9948 and the precision of the model was 0.014. The methodology is an important tool for quality control of non-ionic surfactants used in manufacturing of a broad range of final products in the chemical industry.
„Unsere Aufgabe ist es nur gerecht zu sein“
Authors: Trächtler Jasmin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

“Our task is merely to be just”: Courtroom Scenarios in Wittgenstein’s Last Writings. As is well known, it was a Parisian court trial that inspired Wittgenstein to write his picture theory of language in the Tractatus logico-philosophicus – but less well known or at least far less reflected, are the courtroom scenarios he himself invented in his last writings, that is the writings dating from 1947 to 1951. There, Wittgenstein repeatedly sketches court proceedings by means of which he challenges the validity of certain statements and modes of expression in the manner of a thought experiment, so it seems as if the courtroom serves to check and rebuke those misleading modes of expression that distort the ordinary use of language and to which we repeatedly let ourselves be tempted when philosophising.
In the following, I will trace the role of these courtroom scenarios in Wittgenstein’s last writings and suggest that they primarily fulfil the methodological function of a touchstone for certain philosophical modes of expression and misleading images, and in this way help to survey the actual use of language. After a brief overview of the occurrences of courtroom scenarios in Wittgenstein’s Nachlass, I will take a closer look at some of these courtroom remarks in his later writings with regard to the modes of expression and misleading images problematised by Wittgenstein: these include the importance of inner processes, the ‘picture of the hidden inner’ as well as Moorean knowledge assertions and ‘unreasonable’ doubts. Based on this, I will finally elaborate on the methodological function of Wittgenstein’s courtroom scenarios.
Establishment and metabonomics analysis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease model in golden hamster
Authors: Zhao Cui-Zhu , Jiang Lin , Li Wen-Yan , Wu Guang , Chen Jie , Dong Li-Hua , Li Min , Jiang Wei , Zhu Ji-Xiao , Gao Yan-Ping , Ma Qin-Ge , Zhong Guo-Yue , Wei Rong-Rui 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The aim is to establish a model of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) caused by feeding with high-fat, high-fructose, and high-cholesterol diet (HFFCD) in golden hamsters, and to investigate the characteristics of the NAFLD model and metabolite changes of liver tissue. Golden hamsters were fed HFFCD or control diets for six weeks. Body weight, abdominal fat index, and liver index was assessed, serum parameters, hepatic histology, and liver metabolites were examined. The results showed that body weight, abdominal fat, and liver index of hamsters were significantly increased in the model group, the level of serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) were significantly increased in model group as well, and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) was significantly decreased. In addition, lipid deposition in liver tissue formed fat vacuoles of different sizes. Metabonomics analysis of the liver showed that the metabolic pathways of sphingolipid, glycerophospholipids, and arginine biosynthesis were disordered in the NAFLD model. The modeling method is simple, short time, and uniform. It can simulate the early fatty liver caused by common dietary factors, and provides an ideal model for the study of the initial pathogenesis and therapeutic drugs for NAFLD.
Risk factors for second primary malignancies following thyroid cancer: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Kim Mijin , Kim Hyereen , Park Sojeong , Joo Jaeeun , Kim In Ju , Kim Bo Hyun 
Published: March 2022

Objective
Thyroid cancer survivors have a high risk of second primary malignancies (SPMs). We aimed to evaluate the site-specific incidence, prognosis, and risk factors for metachronous SPMs following thyroid cancer.

Design
A nationwide cohort study.

Methods
This study included data from the Korea National Health Insurance Service (between 2002 and 2018). Exposure to diagnostic radiation was defined by the number of computed tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography-CT scans after the index date. A cumulative radioactive iodine (RAI) dose >100 mCi was considered high-dose RAI.

Results
During the median 6 years of follow-up, among 291 640 patients, 13 083 (4.5%) developed SPMs. Thyroid cancer survivors had a 26% increased risk of SPMs compared with the general population (standardized incidence ratio: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.22–1.29). Furthermore, those with SPMs had a significantly poorer survival rate than those without SPMs (hazard ratio: 11.85; 95% CI: 11.21–12.54; P  < 0.001). Significantly elevated risks were observed in myeloid leukemia and 13 solid cancer sites: lip, salivary gland, small intestine, larynx, lung, mediastinum and pleura, mesothelium, breast, corpus uteri, ovary, prostate, kidney, and bladder. Frequent diagnostic medical radiation exposure and high-dose RAI therapy were independent risk factors for several SPMs, including the cancer of salivary gland, lung, mediastinum and pleura, breast, kidney, and bladder, as well as myeloid leukemia.

Conclusions
Frequent diagnostic radiation exposure and high-dose RAI therapy are independent risk factors for SPM following thyroid cancer. Clinicians need to consider minimizing unnecessary diagnostic radiation exposure and administering a high dose RAI only when justified in patients with thyroid cancer.
PERANAN MAJELIS TAKLIM ÁQO’IDUL KHOMSIN PEKALONGAN TERHADAP FENOMENA TAKFIRISME
Authors: Niam M. Khusnun 
Published: March 2022

This article aims to describe, and analyze the role of the majelis taklim ‘Aqo’idul Khomsin on the phenomenon of takfirism. This phenomenon is related to the number of preachers who teach the congregation of religious understanding literally and rigidly. The religious understading like this is the source of intolerance and radical such as being easy to disbelieve people who disagree with them. It is contrary with the Islamic teaching where the right to give the labeling to someone as a kafir is the God. This research used the qualitative research method with the obsevation and interview as the data collection techniques. The results of the research indicated that the majlis taklim ‘Aqo’idul Khomsin has played an important role in responding the phenomenon of takfirism by giving a true understanding of tauhid which can be understood by giving the rational arguments in “tauhid” to the congregation.Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis peranan majelis taklim ‘Aqo’idul Khomsin terhadap fenomena takfirisme. Fenomena ini terkait dengan banyaknya penceramah yang mengajarkan jama’ahnya dengan pemahaman agama yang literal dan kaku. Pemahaman agama seperti ini merupakan sumber intoleran dan radikal seperti mudah mengkafirkan seseorang yang tidak sepaham dengan mereka. Hal ini bertentangan dengan ajaran Islam di mana hak memberikan label pada seseorang sebagai kafir adalah Allah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan observasi dan wawancara sebagai teknik pengumpulan data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa majelis taklim ‘Aqo’idul Khosim telah berperan penting dalam merespon fenomena takfirisme dengan memberikan pemahaman yang benar dalam bertauhid yang bisa dipahami dari pemberian argumen-argumen yang rasional dalam bertauhid terhadap jemaah.
Validation of the Cepheid Xpert® Xpress SARS-CoV-2 using upper and lower respiratory tract specimens
Authors: Rong Kassie , Cabrera Ana , Delport Johan , Schofield Shannon , AlMutawa Fatimah 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This study validated the performance of the reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) based Cepheid Xpert® Xpress SARS-CoV-2 assay against the TIB MOLBIOL E-gene/EAV, a standard laboratory rRT-PCR SARS-CoV-2 assay. Upper and lower respiratory tract samples (nasopharyngeal and nasal swabs, bronchoalveolar lavage, and tracheal aspirate) were obtained from patients suspected to have contracted COVID-19. Results from the Xpert® Xpress and standard rRT-PCR assays were compared for positive and negative agreement and analyzed for precision, reproducibility, 95% confidence intervals, and coefficients of variation. The Xpert® Xpress assay demonstrated 100% agreement with the standard lab rRT-PCR for both upper and lower respiratory tract samples. Both the Xpert® Xpress and lab rRT-CPR identified weakly positive (Ct values 35–39) sample replicates with 100% reproducibility and showed 100% precision in identifying triplicates of upper respiratory tract samples. The single-cartridge Xpert® Xpress system has a short turnaround time and can be employed to improve patient management and hospital bed allocation. Further verification of the system is required before implementation and consideration must be paid to its higher cost and impracticality for high-throughput use.
Electrochemical energy storage on nanoporous copper sponge
Authors: McPherson David J. , Dowd Annette , Arnold Matthew D. , Gentle Angus , Cortie Michael B. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA proof-of-principle double-layer symmetrical supercapacitor with nanoporous copper/copper oxide electrodes and an aqueous electrolyte is investigated. The electrodes are manufactured by selective dissolution of Al from a eutectic composition of Cu17.5Al82.5using 5 M NaOH. The ostensible (i.e., net external) capacitance of a symmetrical two-electrode cell with 0.1 M KNO3electrolyte is assessed over a series of charge/discharge cycles and is about 2 F per gram of Cu in this simple prototype. Capacitance varies during a discharge cycle due evidently to the deeply buried surfaces and pseudocapacitive reactions contributing charge toward the end of a discharge cycle. In principle such a device should have very low ohmic losses due to its highly conductive backbone and would be suitable for applications requiring maximum energy efficiency over repeated cycling. The aqueous electrolyte ensures fire safety but this comes at the cost of lower energy content.Graphical abstract
PENERAPAN JUST IN TIME (JIT) SEBAGAI SOLUSI PENGENDALIAN PERSEDIAN PERUSAHAAN DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Oktaviani Siti Atikah , Listianti Sofah , Tripalupi Ramadhani Irma 
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini fokus pada penerapan Just In Time dalam pengendalian persedian perusahaan di masa pandemi Covid-19. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu diharapkan agar perusahaan dapat menerapkan sistem Just In Time untuk pengendalian persediaan agar meningkatkan produktivitas dengan mengurangi berbagai aktivitas yang tidak memberi nilai tambah bagi produknya sehingga dinilai mempunyai efektifitas yang baik. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode literature review dan studi pustaka. Hasil dari penelitian dalam jurnal ini menunjukkan bahwa Just in Time menjadi solusi terhadap pengendalian perusahaan terutama pada bahan baku di masa pandemi Covid-19. Just in time atau tepat pada waktunya merupakan cara kelola tepat waktu pada persediaan dan juga produksi. Dengan just in time, persediaan yang digunakan akan tepat tiba saat dibutuhkan. Hal ini memberikan manfaat pada jumlah persediaan yang kecil dan penggunaan gudang yang kecil. Selain itu, persediaan yang digunakan juga akan selalu baru. Sehingga kualitas produksi akan meninggkat. Selain persediaan yang selalu baru, dampak persediaan yang terbuang percuma juga akan berkurang. Persediaan yang disimpan terlalu lama tentu akan rusak, sehingga tidak dapat digunakan. Dampak yang dapat dirasakan ketika menggunakan sistem pengendalian persediaan dengan just in time dimasa pandemi Covid-19 ini adalah pengurangan biaya, peningkatan efisien dan laba. Pengurangan biaya terjadi karena besar persediaan berkurang, sehingga biaya untuk menyimpannya akan berkurang, percepatan perputaran persediaan dan percepatan perputaran kas.Kata Kunci : Just In Time, Pandemi Covid-19, Pengendalian Persediaan
Evaluation of the use of breast cancer screening methods among female patients through Champion Health Belief Model Scale
Authors: TAŞCI KÜÇÜKŞEN Damla , YENGİL TACİ Duygu , ARSLAN İsmail , ÇELİK Mustafa , FİDANCI İzzet 
Published: March 2022

Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate use of breast cancer screening methods by women in our society and the affecting factors.
Material and Method: 281 women aged 40 and over were included in the study. A sociodemographic data form, Breast Cancer Risk Assessment Form and the Champion’s Health Belief Model Scale were administered to the participants through face-to-face interview technique.
Results: It was found that most of the participants knew the breast cancer screening methods but used the screening methods at a low rate. The main reason affecting their use of screening methods was whether there was a complaint or not. The rate of mammography was found to be significantly higher among those who performed breast self-examination (p=0.011). When the Champion’s Health Belief Model Scale form was examined, it was found that the participants got the highest points from the self-efficacy subscale of breast self-examination, and the lowest points from the perceived susceptibility subscale.
Conclusion: It was observed that the use of any screening method and breast cancer risk factors affected health beliefs regards to the use of screening methods.
The Effect of Vitamin B12 Levels on Prognosis in COVID-19 Patients
Authors: ASLANER Hümeyra , İNANÇ Neriman , GÖKÇEK Mebrure Beyza , AYKEMAT Yusuf , ASLANER Hacı Ahmet , BENLİ Ali Ramazan 
Published: March 2022

Objectives: It is known that vitamins have some effects such as suppressing viral replication, developing anti-inflammatory responses and that they increase immunity in COVID-19. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the vitamin B12 (Vit B12) serum levels and the prognosis of the disease in patients with COVID-19.
Material and Method: A total of 408 participants were included in the study. Sociodemographic information such as age, educational status, serum vitamin B12 levels, hemogram parameters, and clinical findings of the patients who were admitted for follow-up after the end of COVID-19 infection was evaluated retrospectively. Serum vitamin B12 level between 150-200 pg/mL was assessed as mild deficiency, the value between 100-150 pg/mL as severe deficiency and the value under 100 pg/mL as extremely severe deficiency.
Results: Median age of the participants was 44.51 (18-88) years. The median Vit B12 level of the patients was 179.50 (75-641). Of the patients, 248 (60.70%) had Vit B12 deficiency. The rates of pneumonia and hospitalization were higher and fatigue and loss of taste/smell were more in patients with Vit B12 deficiency. NLR and PLR which are the inflammatory markers were higher in patients with Vit B12 deficiency. The rates of pneumonia and hospitalization were the highest in the severe Vit B12 deficiency group among the Vit B12 deficiency groups.
Conclusion: The clinical progression was worse in COVID-19 patients with Vit B12 deficiency than those who had no Vit B12 deficiency. Therefore, it has been concluded that Vitamin B12 supplement can have positive effects on COVID-19 patients; however, more comprehensive further studies with longer duration and higher number of patients are needed.