bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in Respiration and Composition of Different Length Asparagus Spears during Storage
Authors: Saltveit Mikal E. , Kasmire Robert F. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Asparagus spears (Asparagus officinalis L. var altilis L.) were cut to 21, 14, and 7 cm in length and stored at 2.5°C for one week. Apical tissue had higher rates of respiration than basal tissue, and cuts to produce 7-cm apical sections caused a significant 15% increase in respiration that lasted a few days. Cuts made 14 cm from the apex had no effect on respiration. Over the 7-day storage period, CO2 production declined by 50%, with most of the decline occurring within the first 3 days. The composition of 3.5 cm incremental segments of the stored spears were analyzed. Storage resulted in significant declines in soluble carbohydrates along the entire 21 cm of the spear, in amino acids for 14 cm, and in protein along the apical 7 cm of the 21-cm spear. Apical 7-cm spears had at least double the rate of losses of these components during storage as did 21-cm spears.
Relationship between the Price of Waste Heat and Greenhouse Industry Production Systems
Authors: Southgate Douglas , Uchida Stanley , Gadomski Erika 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Presented in this paper is an economic methodology for determining how changes in the price of heat affect choices among techniques for producing greenhouse crops. The methodology is applied to the problems of deciding between glass and polyethylene covering for greenhouses. The choice between the 2 materials is shown to depend on yield response.
Postemergence Grass Control in Achimenes and Bedding Plants
Authors: Gilreath James P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Postemergence applications of fluazifop-butyl and sethoxydim at rates of 0.28, 0.56, and 0.84 kg a.i./ha provided excellent control of seedling Digitarla ciliaris (Retz.) Koel and Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. in achimenes (Achimenes grandiflora Dc. ‘Cascade Violet Night’), impatiens (Impatiens wallerana Hook. f. ‘Elfin Salmon’), marigold (Tagetes erecta L. ‘Yellow Galore’), petunia (Petunia hybrida Hort. Vilm.-Andr. ‘Burgundy’), and salvia (Salvia splendens F. Sellow ex Roem. & Schult. ‘Blaze of Fire’). Herbicide treatment did not affect achimenes rhizome size or weight nor plant vigor, height, or bloom production of impatiens, marigolds, petunias, or salvia. Chemical names used: (±)–2[4–[[5–(trifluoromethyl)2–pyridinyl]oxy]phenoxy]propanoic acid (fluazifop-butyl); 2-[1](ethoxyimino)butyl]propyl]-3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexenl-1-one (sethoxydim).
‘Jewel’ Strawberry
Authors: Sanford J. C. , Ourecky D. K. , Reich J. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Jewel’ is a new strawberry cultivar (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.), adapted to the Northeastern, Great Lakes, and Midwestern regions of the United States. It is a hardy and consistent cropping cultivar with large, attractive, high-quality fruit.
‘Jersey Giant’, An All-male Asparagus Hybrid
Authors: Ellison J. Howard , Kinelski John J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Male asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) plants generally have higher yields and live longer than female plants; therefore, are preferred by growers. Another advantage of male plants is the lack of seeds, which, on female plants, produce volunteer seedlings regarded as a weed problem in commercial fields. Perhaps the most important long-term advantage of a male hybrid is that growers are unable to produce their own seed and thereby obliterate the original “cultivar.” The production of seed by growers already has led to the loss of excellent original strains of Martha and Mary Washington (2).
‘Mississippi Shipper’ Cowpea
Authors: Hare W. W. , Thompson P. G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Mississippi Shipper’ is a new cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] cultivar that maintains pod wall color during the time required for fresh market shipping, storage, and retailing. It was released in 1984 by the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station to fill the need for a purple hull brown crowder type adapted to shipping, with multiple disease and insect resistance.
‘Hansen 2168’ and ‘Hansen 536’: Two New Prunus Rootstock Clones
Authors: Kester Dale E. , Asay R. N. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In the article “‘Hansen 2168’ and ‘Hansen536’: Two New Prunus Rootstock Clones” by Dale E. Kester and R.N. Asay (HortScience 21:331–332), Fig. 2 was printed upside-down. The correct orientation is shown below.
The Carbohydrate-Nitrogen Relationship and Flowering/Fruiting: Kraus and Kray bill Revisited
Authors: Cameron J. Scott , Dennis Frank G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In 1918, E.J. Kraus and H.R. Kraybill (22) published “Vegetation and Reproduction with Special Reference to the Tomato.” This bulletin has been described (Table 1) as “classic” (27), and the results hailed as “one of the most significant discoveries in the plant sciences” (29), and “a milestone of progress” (33). Although Kraus and Kraybill discussed the “carbohydrate/nitrogen relationship,” subsequent authors have often quantified this by calculating the mathematical ratio of the 2 components (5, 25, 31). However, Kraus (21), writing in 1925, cautioned against the use of such ratios: “…It is quite unlikely that any mathematical ratio between total quantities of nitrogen and carbohydrates can be established as causative of a limited set of plant functions…. It is remarkable that some of the ratios which have been calculated fit as well as they do.”
The Transition from Seed Development to Germination: A Key Role for Desiccation?
Authors: Kermode Allison R. , Bewley J. Derek , Dasgupta Juthika , Misra Santosh 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
An ovule passes through various contiguous phases during its development into a seed (Fig. 1). The first phase, histodifferentiation (or initial morphogenesis) (27), begins with fertilization and rapid cell division, leading to formation of the embryonic axis and of tissues that eventually accumulate reserve materials (3). Following this is the maturation or seed expansion phase, during which there is a marked increase in seed mass; cell expansion occurs as reserve deposition takes place. The 3rd and final phase, maturation drying (or desiccation), is characterized by a general reduction in metabolism as water is lost from the seed, which then passes into a quiescent, and sometimes dormant, state. This last phase is characteristic of temperate zone crops, but does not necessarily occur in tropical plants.
Parsley Emergence and Seedling Growth from Raw, Osmoconditioned, and Pregerminated Seeds
Authors: Pill Wallace G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Parsley (Petroselinum crispum L.) seeds osmoconditioned in −1.2 MPa polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG) for 3 weeks at 15°C emerged earlier and gave higher seedling shoot fresh weights 24 days after planting than raw seeds. Further improvement in earliness of emergence was achieved by fluid-drilling the nongerminated, imbibed seeds in hydroxy ethyl cellulose gel. Germinating the osmoconditioned seeds (42% germination after 4 days at 15° in aerated water) before fluid-drilling decreased the time to 50% emergence by 52% and increased shoot fresh weight by 192% relative to raw seed performance. As emergence rate increased due to treatment, shoot fresh weight increased but emergence synchrony decreased. Neither grading seeds into density classes nor daily PEG replacement during osmoconditioning influenced seedling performance to a practical extent.
Pistachio Yield and Quality as Affected by Rootstock
Authors: Crane Julian C. , Iwakiri Ben T. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Trunk cross-sectional area of ‘Kerman’ pistachio trees on Pistacia atlantica Desf. seedling rootstocks varied widely after 24 years. Average annual nut yield was positively related to trunk cross-sectional area. Degree of shell splitting and blank nut production also were influenced by rootstock. Two trees were identified that were the most vigorous, had the greatest yields, and produced excellent crops annually in contrast to the others that exhibited severe biennial bearing.
Photodegradation of Paraquat Applied to Polyethylene Mulch Film
Authors: Gilreath J. P. , Duranceau S. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Field experiments were conducted to determine the concentration of paraquat residue on black or white polyethylene mulch 0 to 144 hr after application of paraquat at 1.12 kg·ha−1. Effects of eluant from mulch on vigor of 6-week-old tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. ‘Duke’) plants were also measured. Mulch color had no effect on the rate of photodegradation or on the degree of plant injury. Substantial plant injury was observed from eluants collected from 0 through 96 hr after application of paraquat, with significant injury present until 120 hr after application. After 120 hr, plant vigor was acceptable for their survival, and injury was minimal. Concentration (in the eluant) of paraquat eluted with water from the polyethylene decreased from 275 ppm to <1 ppm from 0 to 144 hr after application, respectively. Significant plant injury was associated with recoverable concentrations >30 ppm of paraquat after 96 hr. Chemical names used: 1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium salts (paraquat).
Growth-retarding Effects of Paclobutrazol on Weeping Fig
Authors: LeCain D. R. , Schekel K. A. , Wample R. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Paclobutrazol was found to be an effective growth retardant for weeping fig (Ficus benjamina L.). Plants treated with a soil drench at rates of application from 0.125 mg a.i. to 8.0 mg a.i. per 10-cm pot exhibited retardation in plant height, leaf production, internode length, and leaf size. All measured responses were retarded linearly with increasing concentration, to the point of saturation at 0.5 mg a.i. per 10cm pot. Leaves developing under the influence of paclobutrazol also appeared darker green than in untreated plants. The growth retarding influence of a single application of PP333 persisted after transplanting. Chemical names used: (2RS,3RS)-l-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2(l,2,4-triazole-l-yl)pentan-3-ol (paclobutrazol; ICI-PP333).
The Relationship of Soil-applied N and K to Yield and Quality of ‘Thornless Evergreen’ Blackberry
Authors: Nelson Esther , Martin Lloyd W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Three treatments of combined N and K (0, 67, or 135 kgha−1 of each element) were applied to ‘Thornless Evergreen’ blackberries [Rubus laciniatus (West.) Willd]. Fruit were harvested in 1981-1984 with a Littau self-propelled harvester; yield, fruit size, soluble solids, and firmness were measured. Fruit pH, acidity, and anthocyanin content were measured in 1983 and 1984. Treatments affected yield, fruit characteristics, and leaf mineral composition; the intermediate treatment level was the most desirable. There was not a consistent relationship of N and K levels of primocane leaves or soil K level with yield, fruit size, soluble solids, or firmness of the fruit regardless of whether the fruit samples were taken the same year as the leaf and soil samples or the year following. We conclude that the currently recommended rates of N and K for ‘Thornless Evergreen’ need refinement.
Controlled Atmosphere Effects on the Pathogenicity of Fungi on Celery and on the Growth of Botrytis cinerea
Authors: Reyes Andres A. , Smith Richard B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary and Botrytis cinerea Pers. were highly pathogenic to celery stored at 0° to 1°C in normal air (21% O2). Alternaría dauci (Kuhn) Groves & Skolko, Rhizopus nigricans Ehrenb., Penicillium sp., and Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht, were nonpathogenic. An atmosphere of 7.5% CO/1.5% O2 was more suppressive to disease caused by B. cinerea and S. sclerotiorum than low 1.5% O2 atmosphere alone. The 4% CO2/1.5% O2 and 0.0003% C2H4/1.5% O2 atmospheres were slightly suppressive to disease caused by S. sclerotiorum only. The 7.5% CO/1.5% O2 atmosphere also was consistently suppressive to mycelial growth, spore germination, and germ tube elongation of B. cinerea.
Storage of Cut Douglas-fir: Relationship to the Damage Threshold
Authors: Montano Jose M. , Proebsting William M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Various storage treatments were imposed on cut douglas-fir Christmas trees to measure drying relative to the damage threshold ψ of −3.5 MPa. In a greenhouse (day/night 16°/10° ± 5°C, RH 70-95%), cut douglas-fir dried to −3.5 MPa in 4 days. Overhead irrigation under these conditions maintained ψ about − 3.2 MPa for 9 days. Outdoors (day/night 672° ±9°), ψ declined to a range of −2.5 to −3.0 MPa depending on the weather. Overhead irrigation outdoors maintained ψ between −1.0 to −2.5 MPa. The antitranspirants tested did not reduce the rate of water loss significantly in the greenhouse. Outdoors, ψ of Vapor Gard-treated trees was similar to the irrigated trees, but Vapor Gard caused serious cosmetic defects. None of the other antitranspirants tested reduced moisture loss outdoors.
Photosynthesis, Stomatal Conductance, and Leaf Water Potential in Response to Temperature and Light in Peach
Authors: Tan C. S. , Buttery B. R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Three-year-old peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] trees in a growth room under well-watered conditions were subjected to photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) levels (400-700 nm) of 444, 287, 144, 61, and 19 μmol°s−1m−2. At very low PAR levels (19 and 61 μmol°s−1m−2), the photosynthetic rate (P) declined with increasing temperature. Multiple regression analyses for the 3 highest PAR levels showed that an increase in PAR increased the optimum temperature for both P and stomatal conductance (gs). The highest leaf water potential (ψL) was found at 21°C in all 3 PAR levels. The regression equations also showed that PAR was the main determinant of P and gs, but that temperature was the main determinant of ψL.
Changes in Polygalacturonase Isoenzymes and Converter in Tomatoes During Ripening
Authors: Pressey Russell 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. ‘Tropic’) were examined for changes during ripening in fruit firmness, water-soluble pectin, the 2 polygalacturonases (PG I and PG II), and polygalacturonase converter. The loss of fruit firmness and increase in water-soluble pectin at the turning stage of ripeness coincided with the appearance of PG activity. The initial activity was due exclusively to PG I, which continued to increase during ripening. PG I was the major polygalacturonase isoenzyme in extracts of tomatoes at all stages of ripeness, contrary to previous reports. PG II was first detected in pink fruit and increased markedly with ripening. Polygalacturonase converter was present in green tomatoes, but also began to increase at the turning stage. The results indicate that PG I may be formed during extraction of tomatoes from PG II and the converter as they are solubilized.
Reaction of Sweet Potato Seedlings to the Russet Crack Strain of Feathery Mottle Virus
Authors: Arrendell Susan , Collins Wanda W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The response of 501 open-pollinated seedlings of 9 parental clones of sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] to the severe russet crack strain of sweet potato feathery mottle virus (SRC-FMV) was evaluated under greenhouse conditions. Sixty-four percent of the seedlings showed foliar, root, or foliar/root symptoms, indicating that SRC-FMV can be sap-transmitted to seedlings. Fifty-nine percent showed foliar symptoms only. Seedlings from the parental clone with the highest percentage of symptom expression (88%) in the greenhouse were used to study the effect of selected environmental factors on foliar symptom expression. The predominant symptom was veinbanding. The percentage of plants showing symptoms varied from 0% to 46% and was influenced significantly by the interaction of light intensity × daylength × temperature.
A Rapid Method to Estimate Leaf Area of Cassava Plants
Authors: Pereira Jose F. , Splittstoesser Walter E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A rapid method to determine the total leaf area of a cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) plant was determined. A ruler was designed to determine individual leaf area when the linear equation relating leaf area and the length of the middle leaf lob is known. A linear equation can be developed for a specific cultivar. Total leaf area of a whole plant can be determined by counting the number of phylotactic turns and using it in a linear equation relating cumulative leaf area with the number of phylotactic turns per plant. Equations for 6 cassava cultivars are given.
Conversion Between Southeastern and California Peach Sizes
Authors: Delwiche Michael J. , Baumgardner Reginald A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The 2 largest production regions of fresh-market peaches in the United States—California and Southeast—collectively account for two-thirds of the total U.S. crop (3), yet use completely different sizing and labeling systems. Confusion occurs among producers and in marketing channels when comparing packed fruit from the 2 regions.
‘King Red’ Russian-olive
Authors: Hooks R. F. , Oaks W. R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Russian-olive is an introduced deciduous tree that can be used in shelterbelt, windbreak, and ornamental landscapes. Its silvery leaves, brown stems, and decorative red fruit make a colorful specimen plant or trimmed formal hedge. The trees provide excellent cover for wildlife with fruit consumed by many species of birds and animals and flowers that are used by bees in honey production.
University of Florida Horticulture Programs
Authors: Barrett James E. , Davies Frederick S. , Hochmuth George J. , Stephens James M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The University of Florida is one of the 10 largest universities in the United States, with more than 35,000 students, 20 colleges andaschools, and 86 interdisciplinary research and education centers, bureaus, and institutes. Fifty-two undergraduate degree programs offer 114 majors, and there are 123 master's and 76 doctoral programs in 87 different departments. Along with Ohio State Univ. and the Univ. of Minnesota, the Univ. of Florida offers more academic programs on a single campus than any of the nation's other universities. The Carnegie Commission on Higher Education ranks it as one of the nation's leading research universities. Moreover, the Univ. of Florida is a member of the prestigious Association of American Universities, which is composed of the 56 leading public and private institutions in North America.
Contending with Nepotism and Politics in Brazil
Authors: Mukai Margret , Warfield David L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
I would like to comment about one of the more developed of the lesser-developed countries (LDCs) in response to David L. Warfield's letter (HortScience 21:186, Apr. 1986) and Viewpoint (HortScience 21:352–353, June 1986) in which he proposed that the United States train more undergraduates rather than graduate foreign students.
Semiportable Laminar Flow Hood for Tissue Culture and Microscope Use for Research and Teaching
Authors: Meyer Martin M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In the article “Semiportable Laminar Flow Hood for Tissue Culture and Microscope Use for Research and Teaching” by Martin M. Meyer, Jr. (HortScience 21:1064–1065, Aug. 1986), the first sentence of the article should read “Sterile rooms or reachin boxes were used to prevent contamination of cultures in early work with plant tissue and embryo culture.”
Managing Rhizosphere Microorganisms in the Production of Horticultural Crops
Authors: Linderman R. G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Horticultural crops are grown under a wide range of environmental conditions. Horticulturists generally attempt to control as many environmental factors as possible that influence plant growth, such as light, temperature, moisture, and nutrients. More of these factors can be controlled in the greenhouse than in the field. The assumption is that these are the main factors that influence plant growth, but one of the most critical ones, soil, often is overlooked. Even when soilless mixes are used, little thought may be given to controlling more than moisture and nutrients in the medium, although most researchers and growers recognize the need for mixes to have good aeration and drainage, capacity to hold nutrients, and freedom from insects, diseases, and weeds as well as harmful chemicals. The latter viewpoint is largely correct, but overlooks the role played by nonpathogenic soil microorganisms in the growth and development of plants.
Soil-borne Organisms Affecting Replanted Pears
Authors: Cameron R. , Westwood M. N. , Lombard P. B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The west coast of North America has long been a major production area of pears (Pyrus communis L.), because the relatively mild winters and dry summers reduce disease incidence and encourage high yield and quality. Depending on the year of planting, the site, variety, and cultural considerations, orchards have been planted on several different rootstocks.
Influence of Row Covers, Mulch, and Bedding Dates on Early Production of Sweet Potato Transplants
Authors: Walker D. W. , Randle W. M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] cv. Travis storage roots were bedded on 8 and 27 Mar. 1985 according to standard cultural practices. The following row cover and mulch treatments were tested for their effects on early transplant production: a) bare soil (control); b) black polyethylene mulch; c) nonwoven polyester row cover; d) slitted, clear polyethylene row cover; or e) slitted, white polyethylene row cover. All row cover and mulch treatments increased soil temperature (at a 5-cm depth) relative to the bare soil. Compared to black polyethylene mulch, slitted, clear polyethylene row covers increased soil temperatures, whereas soil temperature was reduced by slitted white polyethylene. Mulch and row covers increased weight and number of large transplants as compared to bare soil. The primary effect of row covers as compared to mulch was to increase the percentage of large (>15 cm long) transplants. The use of slitted, clear polyethylene and slitted, white polyethylene row covers appeared to reduce the incidence of sclerotial blight (Scleratium rolfsii) in plant beds. Row cover and mulch treatments did not alter yield of storage roots grown from transplants produced under the various bed treatments.
Effects of Seed Preconditioning Treatments on Emergence of Cucumber Populations
Authors: Staub J. E. , Nienhuis J. , Lower R. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Seeds from three cycles of recurrent selection in a heterogeneous cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) population for improved percentage of germination at 15°C were subjected to five treatments and evaluated for percentage of emergence and average number of days to emergence at 15°, 20°, and 25° under controlled conditions. Treatments included dry seed, imbibed seed, and pregerminated seed in combination with a supporting gel at sowing. Results indicate that the mechanism for improved low temperature germination is not due to enhanced imbibition. Data also suggest that the percentage of emergence of imbibed seed with or without gel is complemented by the genetic potential to germinate at low temperatures and that no such complementation exists for pregerminated seed. Percentage of emergence of dry and imbibed seed with or without gel at 15° was improved while selecting only for improved germination at 15°, indicating a correlated response to selection.