bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Particle type composite phase change materials via microemulsion impregnation for photothermal conversion and temperature regulation of surface coatings
Authors: Hao Shang , Zhang Wei , Weng Jiali , Yao Jiming , Li Jiahui , Li Xianghong 
Published: January 2022

In order to facilitate the combination of composite phase change materials (CPCMs) and fabrics, granular CPCMs were prepared, a simple vacuum impregnation method was used to adsorb n-octadecane with disc-shaped diatomite as a carrier. To improve the adsorption capacity of n-octadecane on diatomite, the average pore size of its single point was increased from 13.35 nm to 25.54 nm through acidification. The microemulsion of n-octadecane liquid with particle size of less than 200 nm was immersed into the diatomite under vacuum conditions, and after demulsification, the particle type CPCMs with a particle size of about 30 μm was prepared. The stability, thermal properties of particle type CPCM, and its thermoregulation on textile were systematically studied. The particle type CPCM with the latent heat energy of 34.69 J/g revealed no phase leakage when heated for 30 min at 50°C. The impregnation rate of acidified diatomite was increased by 51.7% compared with original diatomite. The CPCMs mixed with polyurethane was coated on the surface of cotton fabric and evaluated the thermal properties of the fabric. The fabric was allowed to absorb heat at 40°C to reach saturation. Analysis showed that the heat storage performance of the fabric was increased by 7.9%, and the temperature difference was adjusted to 2.9–3.1°C, which effectively slowed down thermoregulatory in a relatively low temperature environment. Moreover, the coated particle type CPCM did not alter the coldness of the cotton fabric.
Implications of the Gut Microbiome in Sports
Authors: Miranda-Comas Gerardo , Petering Ryan C. , Zaman Nadia , Chang Richard 
Published: January 2022

Context: Two-thirds of an individual’s gut microbiota is unique and influenced by dietary and exercise habits, age, sex, genetics, ethnicity, antibiotics, health, and disease. It plays important roles in nutrient and vitamin metabolism, inflammatory modulation, immune system function, and overall health of an individual. Specifically, in sports it may help decrease recovery time and improve athletic performance. Evidence Acquisition: PubMed and Medline databases were used for the literature search. Bibliographies based on the original search were utilized to pursue further literature search. Study Design: Clinical review. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Results: Diet and exercise play very important roles in the composition of the gut microbiota in the athletic and nonathletic individual. Ingestion of carbohydrates during and after exercise seems to have an anti-inflammatory effect postexercise. Supplementation with probiotic seems to aid in recovery after exercise, too, especially restoring the “normal” gut microbiota. Physically active individuals of all levels have more alpha diversity and “health-promoting gut species” in their microbiome than nonactive individuals, along with higher concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and SCFA-producing organisms. However, exercise interventions should be longer than 8 weeks to see these positive characteristics. Immune function is highly influenced by the gut microbiota’s response to exercise. A transient immune dysfunction occurs after prolonged high-intensity exercise, which correlates with microbiota dysregulation. Nevertheless, long-term exposure to exercise will enhance the immune response and lead to positive changes in the gut microbiota. Conclusion: Although the exact mechanisms of the effects that diet, exercise, and genetics have on the gut microbiota remain largely unknown, there is evidence that suggests overall health benefits. In the athletic population, these benefits can ultimately lead to performance improvement.
Age and Gender Differences in Injuries and Risk Factors in Elite Junior and Professional Tennis Players
Authors: Rice Robyn Porter , Roach Kathryn , Kirk-Sanchez Neva , Waltz Bret , Ellenbecker Todd S. , Jayanthi Neeru , Raya Michele 
Published: January 2022

Background: Elite tennis athletes experience injuries throughout the entire body. Impairments in trunk stability, lower limb flexibility, and hip range of motion (ROM) are modifiable risk factors that can impact injuries and performance. Information on nonmodifiable risk factors such as age and gender is limited. The purpose of this investigation was to provide information on risk factors to direct clinical decision-making and injury prevention and rehab programming in this population. Hypothesis: Prevalence and location of injuries will differ by age group and gender. Trunk stability, lower limb flexibility, and hip ROM will differ by age group and gender. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Methods: A de-identified database (n = 237; females = 126) from the United States Tennis Association High Performance Profile (HPP) 2014-2015 was used for the analysis. Subjects were elite junior and professional tennis players (mean age 14.6 [range, 9-27] years). The HPP is a tennis-specific assessment and questionnaire that includes retrospective information on injury history. Subjects were categorized by injury, gender, and age. Injury locations were classified by region. Trunk stability measures included drop vertical jump (DVJ), single-leg squat, and prone and side planks. Lower limb measures included hamstring, quadriceps and hip flexor flexibility, and hip rotation ROM. Results: A total of 46% of athletes reported an injury. Significant differences were found for injury prevalence and location by age group. Adolescent athletes (age 13-17 years) had more trunk injuries, while adult athletes (age ≥18 years) had more lower limb injuries. Adolescent athletes performed worse on DVJ, dominant side plank, and hamstring flexibility compared with young (age ≤12 years) and adult athletes. Significant gender differences in hip ROM included internal rotation on both the dominant and nondominant sides. Conclusion: Impairments in trunk stability, lower limb flexibility, and hip rotation ROM may affect both health and performance outcomes in this population. Elite tennis athletes may benefit from additional off court programming to address trunk and lower limb impairments. Clinical Relevance: Adolescent elite tennis athletes may be at higher risk of trunk injuries. Age, gender, injury history, and impairments should be considered with all assessments and programming.
Transdermal Buprenorphine for Pain Management Following a Neck of Femur Fracture
Authors: Davies Andrew , Murray Jane , Zalmay Pardis , Ross Ewan , Dar Shumaila , Wilson Helen 
Published: January 2022

Introduction Pain management in patients with hip fractures can be challenging. Poor pain control is associated with reduced mobility and increased morbidity. Inadequate analgesia in patients with dementia is a concern. After using several different alternatives, transdermal buprenorphine was chosen as a standardised approach for analgesia in patients with fragility fracture in our hospital. There is limited evidence on the use of buprenorphine in this population. Our aim was to investigate the safety and effectiveness of transdermal buprenorphine in patients with hip fractures. Methods A review of consecutive patients presenting with a hip fracture from June 2018 to December 2018 was conducted using medical records. Our primary outcome was the incidence of complications as a consequence of transdermal buprenorphine. Our secondary outcome was adequate analgesia measured by reviewing the requirement for analgesia during the first week following the patient’s admission. Analgesia demands were considered adequate if patients required less than 20 mg of oral morphine in total during the first week following injury. Results In total, 148 patients presented with a hip fracture during the study period. 128 patients had documented evidence of buprenorphine patch application. Complete data was available for the primary outcome of complications in all cases. Data was available for the secondary outcome in 124 patients. Buprenorphine was discontinued in 24 patients (19%), most commonly due to due to concerns about contribution to hypoactive delirium (9%), and when strong analgesia was no longer required (4%). There were no severe complications. Adequate analgesia was achieved using this regime in 68% patients. 38 patients (32%) required more than 20 mg of oral morphine sulphate solution in the first week post-admission. Conclusion This series suggests that transdermal buprenorphine is safe and effective in the management of pain following a neck of femur fragility fracture.
Psoas Muscle Index as a Predictor of Perioperative Outcomes in Geriatric Patients Undergoing Spine Surgery
Authors: Pernik Mark N. , Hicks William H. , Akbik Omar S. , Nguyen Madelina L. , Luu Ivan , Traylor Jeffrey I. , Deme Palvasha R. , Dosselman Luke J. , Hall Kristen , Wingfield Sarah A. , Aoun Salah G. , Bagley Carlos A. 
Published: January 2022

Study Design Single-center retrospective study. Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of psoas muscle mass defined sarcopenia with perioperative outcomes in geriatric patients undergoing elective spine surgery. Methods We included geriatric patients undergoing thoracolumbar spinal surgery. Total psoas surface area (TPA) was measured on preoperative axial computerized tomography or magnetic resonance imaging at the L3 vertebra and normalized to the L3 vertebral body area. Patients were divided into quartiles by normalized TPA, and the fourth quartile (Q4) was compared to quartiles 1–3 (Q1-3). Outcomes included perioperative transfusions, length of stay (LOS), delirium, pseudoarthrosis, readmission, discharge disposition, revision surgery, and mortality. Results Of the patients who met inclusion criteria (n = 196), the average age was 73.4 y, with 48 patients in Q4 and 148 patients in Q1-3. Q4 normalized TPA cut-off was <1.05. Differences in Q4 preoperative characteristics included significantly lower body mass index, baseline creatinine, and a greater proportion of females (Table 1). Q4 patients received significantly more postoperative red blood cell and platelet transfusions and had longer ICU LOS ( P < .05; Table 2). There was no difference in intraoperative transfusion volumes, delirium, initiation of walking, discharge disposition, readmission, pseudoarthrosis, or revision surgery (Tables 2 and 3). Mortality during follow-up was higher in Q4 but was not statistically significant ( P = .075). Conclusion Preoperative TPA in geriatric patients undergoing elective spine surgery is associated with increased need for intensive care and postoperative blood transfusion. Preoperative normalized TPA is a convenient measurement and could be included in geriatric preoperative risk assessment algorithms.
Peak Elbow Flexion Does Not Influence Peak Shoulder Distraction Force or Ball Velocity in NCAA Division I Softball Pitchers
Authors: Bordelon Nicole , Friesen Kenzie , Fava Anthony , Plummer Hillary , Oliver Gretchen 
Published: January 2022

Background: High shoulder distraction force has been observed in softball pitchers during the acceleration phase (top of the pitch to ball release) of a pitch. Increasing elbow flexion may reduce shoulder forces and the susceptibility to pain by shortening the lever arm of the throwing arm. Purpose: To determine the association of peak elbow flexion during the acceleration phase of the pitch with peak shoulder distraction force and ball velocity. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: A total of 61 female collegiate softball pitchers (mean age, 19.9 ± 1.9 years; mean height, 175.7 ± 5.7 cm; mean weight, 83.6 ± 12.7 kg; 49 right-handed) volunteered for this study. Biomechanical data were collected with a 3-dimensional electromagnetic tracking system while the pitchers threw 3 maximal-effort fastballs at a regulation distance. Peak elbow flexion and peak shoulder distraction force were calculated for the acceleration phase and averaged across the 3 trials. Ball velocity was assessed with a radar gun. Results: Simple linear regression analyses indicated that peak elbow flexion did not influence peak shoulder distraction force during the acceleration phase of the pitch ( F(1,59) = 2.412; P = .126), with R 2 = 0.023. Additionally, peak elbow flexion during the acceleration phase of the pitch did not influence ball velocity ( F(1,59) = 2.435; P = .124), with R 2 = 0.023. A bivariate correlation analysis showed a significant association between ball velocity and shoulder distraction force ( R 2 = 0.343; P = .007) in which ball velocity constituted approximately 34% of the variance in shoulder distraction force. Conclusion: Peak elbow flexion did not influence ball velocity or peak shoulder distraction force during the acceleration phase of a windmill softball pitch. However, there was a significant and positive relationship between ball velocity and peak shoulder distraction force. These results may indicate that ball velocity and other kinematic variables may be more related to shoulder distraction force than elbow flexion. Clinical Relevance: Increasing elbow flexion can shorten the lever arm, but it did not reduce shoulder distraction force or increase ball velocity. Therefore, elbow flexion may be more useful as a description of the pitching style rather than a single measure related to increased performance or the risk of injuries. Future research should continue to examine the relationship between other kinematic parameters with shoulder distraction force.
Healthy dietary patterns and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease in less-developed ethnic minority regions: a large cross-sectional study
Authors: Xie Xiaofen , Guo Bing , Xiao Xiong , Yin Jianzhong , Wang Ziyun , Jiang Xiaoman , Li Jingzhong , Long Lu , Zhou Junmin , Zhang Ning , Zhang Yuan , Chen Ting , Kangzhuo Baima , Zhao Xing 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Little is known about the associations between healthy dietary patterns and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in less-developed ethnic minority regions (LEMRs), where the prevalence of MAFLD is increasing rapidly and dietary habits are quite different from those in developed countries. Moreover, a significant subset of MAFLD individuals in LEMRs are nonobese, but the efficacy of dietary patterns on MAFLD individuals with different obese statuses is also unclear. We aimed to test the associations of two wildly recommended a priori dietary patterns—Alternate Mediterranean diet (AMED) and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH)—with the risk of MAFLD in the total population, and further in nonobese and obese individuals.

Methods
We recruited 99,556 participants in the China Multi-Ethnic Cohort Study, an ongoing cohort study in less-developed southwest China. Using validated food frequency questionnaire, each participant was assigned an AMED score and a DASH score. MAFLD was ascertained as hepatic steatosis on ultrasound together with diabetes, overweight/obesity, or two other metabolic risk factors. We performed logistic regression with inverse probability of exposure weighting (IPEW) to examine associations between two dietary patterns and MAFLD, adjusting for potential confounders under the guidance of directed acyclic graphs. Further, analyses were stratified by body mass index.

Results
We included 66,526 participants (age 49.5±11.0; 62.6% women), and the prevalence of MAFLD was 16.1%. Participants in the highest quintile of DASH score showed strong inverse associations with risks of MAFLD (OR = 0.85; 95% CI, 0.80-0.91; Ptrend < 0.001) compared with participants in the lowest quintile. The association between DASH and nonobese MAFLD (OR = 0.69; 95% CI, 0.61-0.78; Ptrend < 0.001) was stronger (I2 = 78.5 % ; Pheterogeneity = 0.001) than that with obese MAFLD (OR = 0.90; 95% CI, 0.83-0.98; Ptrend = 0.002). There was a null association between AMED and MAFLD risk.

Conclusions
In LEMRs, a DASH diet but not AMED was associated with MAFLD. The relationship appeared to be more pronounced in nonobese MAFLD individuals than in obese MAFLD individuals.
Heating effect on quality characteristics of mixed canola cooking oils
Authors: Baig Ayesha , Zubair Muhammad , Sumrra Sajjad Hussain , Nazar Muhammad Faizan , Zafar Muhammad Nadeem , Jabeen Kausar , Hassan Muhammad Bilal , Rashid Umer 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
The subcontinent is famous for its variety of seasonal foods cooked in vegetable seed cooking oils at elevated heating. Oils are often of poor quality that effect to consumer health. The work, therefore, planned to examine the effects of heat on the quality of mixed canola cooking oils (MCCOs). MCCOs were analyzed by preparing volatile fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) and for physiochemical properties.

Results
A major change was observed in the FAs composition of various MCCOs as coded K-1 to K-5. MCCOs were found rich in unsaturated 9-octadecanoic acid (oleic acid C18:1) and 9, 12-octadecadienoic acid (linoleic acid C18:2) along saturated octadecanoic acid (stearic acid C18:0). Results reveals that canola oil samples are mixed in the range of 4–30% with other vegetable oils and animal fats. The quality of canola cooking oils further reduced after heating to 100 °C, 200 °C and 350 °C, respectively. Quality parameters of MCCOs were significantly altered after heating and found as color (510–520 nm to 570–600 nm), mass 220–237 g to 210–225 g, volume 250 mL to 239 mL, pH (6.76–6.89), specific gravity (0.87–0.92), refractive index (1.471–1.475), saponification value (SV) (0.7–2.5), un-saponifiable matter (2.4–9.8%) and acid value (AV) (1.20–5.0 mg KOH).

Conclusion
Heating of oils at elevated temperature have shown a significant effect on pH, specific gravity and un-saponifiable matter (p-value < 0.05). Large changes in the physicochemical parameters and FAs composition help to develop a conclusion that cooking at high temperatures affects the quality of mixed canola cooking oils.
Activity-based protein profiling reveals dynamic substrate-specific cellulase secretion by saprotrophic basidiomycetes
Authors: McGregor Nicholas G. S. , de Boer Casper , Santos Mikhaaeel , Haon Mireille , Navarro David , Schroder Sybrin , Berrin Jean-Guy , Overkleeft Herman S. , Davies Gideon J. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Fungal saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass occurs concurrently with the secretion of a diverse collection of proteins, together functioning as a catalytic system to liberate soluble sugars from insoluble composite biomaterials. How different fungi respond to different substrates is of fundamental interest to the developing biomass saccharification industry. Among the cornerstones of fungal enzyme systems are the highly expressed cellulases (endo-β-glucanases and cellobiohydrolases). Recently, a cyclophellitol-derived activity-based probe (ABP-Cel) was shown to be a highly sensitive tool for the detection and identification of cellulases.

Results
Here we show that ABP-Cel enables endo-β-glucanase profiling in diverse fungal secretomes. In combination with established ABPs for β-xylanases and β-d-glucosidases, we collected multiplexed in-gel fluorescence activity-based protein profiles of 240 secretomes collected over ten days from biological replicates of ten different basidiomycete fungi grown on maltose, wheat straw, or aspen pulp. Our results reveal the remarkable dynamics and unique enzyme fingerprints associated with each species substrate combination. Chemical proteomic analysis identifies significant arsenals of cellulases secreted by each fungal species during growth on lignocellulosic biomass. Recombinant production and characterization of a collection of probe-reactive enzymes from GH5, GH10, and GH12 confirm that ABP-Cel shows broad selectivity towards enzymes with endo-β-glucanase activity.

Conclusion
Using small-volume samples with minimal sample preparation, the results presented here demonstrate the ready accessibility of sensitive direct evidence for fungal enzyme secretion during early stages of growth on complex lignocellulosic substrates.
OSKM-mediated reversible reprogramming of cardiomyocytes regenerates injured myocardium
Authors: Farber Gregory , Liu Jiandong , Qian Li 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCellular reprogramming has rapidly become a promising methodology to generate new cardiomyocytes from non-cardiomyocyte cell types. Using the transient expression of OSKM factors, Chen et al. demonstrate a unique reprogramming strategy involving the modulation of the resident adult cardiomyocyte identity to an immature proliferative state (Science 373:1537–40, 2021). This OSKM-mediated reversion results in the adoption by adult murine cardiomyocytes of a transcriptional profile similar to cardiomyocytes found in developing hearts, as well as increased proliferative capacity of these reprogrammed cardiomyocytes compared to mature cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, this novel approach enhances the regeneration of adult murine hearts post-myocardial injury. Although concerns and questions remain, the encouraging results of this study advance the field of cardiac regeneration by providing a new technique to generate cardiomyocytes as well as insights into cardiomyocyte dedifferentiation and its relation to proliferation.
Comparative risk of incidence and clinical outcomes of COVID-19 among proton pump inhibitor and histamine-2 receptor antagonist short-term users: a nationwide retrospective cohort study
Authors: Park Jimyung , You Seng Chan , Cho Jaehyeong , Park Chan Hyuk , Shin Woon Geon , Park Rae Woong , In Seo Seung 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to evaluate incidence risk and adverse clinical outcomes in COVID-19 disease among short-term users of acid-suppressants in South Korea.

Methods
This retrospective cohort study, conducted using a nationwide claims database for South Korea, used data from patients with COVID-19 tested between January 1 and May 15, 2020. Patients aged over 18 years and prescribed proton pump inhibitors (PPI) or histamine-2 receptor antagonist (H2RA) for more than 7 days were identified. Primary outcome was COVID-19 while secondary outcomes were all-cause mortality, hospitalization with respiratory disease, or intensive respiratory intervention. Large-scale propensity scores were used to match patients, while the Cox proportional hazard model was utilized to evaluate any association between exposure and outcome(s). The risk estimates were calibrated by using 123 negative control outcomes.

Results
We identified 26,166 PPI users and 62,117 H2RA users. After propensity score matching, compared to H2RA use, PPI use was not significantly associated with lower risk of COVID-19 (calibrated hazard ratio [HR], 0.81 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.30–2.19]); moreover, PPI use was not associated with adverse clinical outcomes in COVID-19, namely, hospitalization with respiratory disease (calibrated HR, 0.88 [95% CI, 0.72–1.08]), intensive respiratory interventions (calibrated HR, 0.92 [95% CI, 0.46–1.82]), except for all-cause mortality (calibrated HR, 0.54 [95% CI, 0.31–0.95]).

Conclusions
In this study, we found that the PPI user was not associated with risk of COVID-19 compared to H2RA users. There was no significant relationship between severe clinical outcomes of COVID-19 and exposure to PPI compared with H2RA, except for all-cause mortality.