bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Atrial Fibrillation on the Human Ventricle
Authors: Pabel Steffen , Knierim Maria , Stehle Thea , Alebrand Felix , Paulus Michael , Sieme Marcel , Herwig Melissa , Barsch Friedrich , Körtl Thomas , Pöppl Arnold , Wenner Brisca , Ljubojevic-Holzer Senka , Molina Cristina E. , Dybkova Nataliya , Camboni Daniele , Fischer Thomas H. , Sedej Simon , Scherr Daniel , Schmid Christof , Brochhausen Christoph , Hasenfuß Gerd , Maier Lars S. , Hamdani Nazha , Streckfuss-Bömeke Katrin , Sossalla Samuel 
Published: February 2022

Rationale:
Atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure often coexist, but their interaction is poorly understood. Clinical data indicate that the arrhythmic component of AF may contribute to left ventricular (LV) dysfunction.

Objective:
This study investigates the effects and molecular mechanisms of AF on the human LV.

Methods and Results:

Ventricular myocardium from patients with aortic stenosis and preserved LV function with sinus rhythm or rate-controlled AF was studied. LV myocardium from patients with sinus rhythm and patients with AF showed no differences in fibrosis. In functional studies, systolic Ca
2+
transient amplitude of LV cardiomyocytes was reduced in patients with AF, while diastolic Ca
2+
levels and Ca
2+
transient kinetics were not statistically different. These results were confirmed in LV cardiomyocytes from nonfailing donors with sinus rhythm or AF. Moreover, normofrequent AF was simulated in vitro using arrhythmic or rhythmic pacing (both at 60 bpm). After 24 hours of AF-simulation, human LV cardiomyocytes from nonfailing donors showed an impaired Ca
2+
transient amplitude. For a standardized investigation of AF-simulation, human iPSC-cardiomyocytes were tested. Seven days of AF-simulation caused reduced systolic Ca
2+
transient amplitude and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca
2+
load likely because of an increased diastolic sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca
2+
leak. Moreover, cytosolic Na
+
concentration was elevated and action potential duration was prolonged after AF-simulation. We detected an increased late Na
+
current as a potential trigger for the detrimentally altered Ca
2+
/Na
+
-interplay. Mechanistically, reactive oxygen species were higher in the LV of patients with AF. CaMKII (Ca
2+
/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIδc) was found to be more oxidized at Met281/282 in the LV of patients with AF leading to an increased CaMKII activity and consequent increased RyR2 phosphorylation. CaMKII inhibition and ROS scavenging ameliorated impaired systolic Ca
2+
handling after AF-simulation.

Conclusions:
AF causes distinct functional and molecular remodeling of the human LV. This translational study provides the first mechanistic characterization and the potential negative impact of AF in the absence of tachycardia on the human ventricle.
Insulin Prevents Hypercholesterolemia by Suppressing 12α-Hydroxylated Bile Acids
Authors: Semova Ivana , Levenson Amy E. , Krawczyk Joanna , Bullock Kevin , Gearing Mary E. , Ling Alisha V. , Williams Kathryn A. , Miao Ji , Adamson Stuart S. , Shin Dong-Ju , Chahar Satyapal , Graham Mark J. , Crooke Rosanne M. , Hagey Lee R. , Vicent David , de Ferranti Sarah D. , Kidambi Srividya , Clish Clary B. , Biddinger Sudha B. 
Published: February 2022

Background:
The risk of cardiovascular disease in type 1 diabetes remains extremely high, despite marked advances in blood glucose control and even the widespread use of cholesterol synthesis inhibitors. Thus, a deeper understanding of insulin regulation of cholesterol metabolism, and its disruption in type 1 diabetes, could reveal better treatment strategies.

Methods:
To define the mechanisms by which insulin controls plasma cholesterol levels, we knocked down the insulin receptor, FoxO1, and the key bile acid synthesis enzyme, CYP8B1. We measured bile acid composition, cholesterol absorption, and plasma cholesterol. In parallel, we measured markers of cholesterol absorption and synthesis in humans with type 1 diabetes treated with ezetimibe and simvastatin in a double-blind crossover study.

Results:

Mice with hepatic deletion of the insulin receptor showed marked increases in 12α-hydroxylated bile acids, cholesterol absorption, and plasma cholesterol. This phenotype was entirely reversed by hepatic deletion of
FoxO1
. FoxO1 is inhibited by insulin and required for the production of 12α-hydroxylated bile acids, which promote intestinal cholesterol absorption and suppress hepatic cholesterol synthesis. Knockdown of
Cyp8b1
normalized 12α-hydroxylated bile acid levels and completely prevented hypercholesterolemia in mice with hepatic deletion of the insulin receptor (n=5–30), as well as mouse models of type 1 diabetes (n=5–22). In parallel, the cholesterol absorption inhibitor, ezetimibe, normalized cholesterol absorption and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients with type 1 diabetes as well as, or better than, the cholesterol synthesis inhibitor, simvastatin (n=20).

Conclusions:
Insulin, by inhibiting FoxO1 in the liver, reduces 12α-hydroxylated bile acids, cholesterol absorption, and plasma cholesterol levels. Thus, type 1 diabetes leads to a unique set of derangements in cholesterol metabolism, with increased absorption rather than synthesis. These derangements are reversed by ezetimibe, but not statins, which are currently the first line of lipid-lowering treatment in type 1 diabetes. Taken together, these data suggest that a personalized approach to lipid lowering in type 1 diabetes may be more effective and highlight the need for further studies specifically in this group of patients.
Cost Analysis From a Randomized Comparison of Immediate Versus Delayed Angiography After Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Camaro Cyril , Bonnes Judith L. , Adang Eddy M. , Spoormans Eva M. , Janssens Gladys N. , van der Hoeven Nina W. , Jewbali Lucia S. , Dubois Eric A. , Meuwissen Martijn , Rijpstra Tom A. , Bosker Hans A. , Blans Michiel J. , Bleeker Gabe B. , Baak Rémon , Vlachojannis George J. , Eikemans Bob J. , van der Harst Pim , van der Horst Iwan C. , Voskuil Michiel , van der Heijden Joris J. , Beishuizen Bert , Stoel Martin , van der Hoeven Hans , Henriques José P. , Vlaar Alexander P. , Vink Maarten A. , van den Bogaard Bas , Heestermans Ton A. , de Ruijter Wouter , Delnoij Thijs S. , Crijns Harry J. , Jessurun Gillian A. , Oemrawsingh Pranobe V. , Gosselink Marcel T. , Plomp Koos , Magro Michael , Elbers Paul W. , van de Ven Peter M. , Lemkes Jorrit S. , van Royen Niels 
Published: February 2022

Background
In patients with out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest without ST‐segment elevation, immediate coronary angiography did not improve clinical outcomes when compared with delayed angiography in the COACT (Coronary Angiography After Cardiac Arrest) trial. Whether 1 of the 2 strategies has benefits in terms of health care resource use and costs is currently unknown. We assess the health care resource use and costs in patients with out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest.

Methods and Results

A total of 538 patients were randomly assigned to a strategy of either immediate or delayed coronary angiography. Detailed health care resource use and cost‐prices were collected from the initial hospital episode. A generalized linear model and a gamma distribution were performed. Generic quality of life was measured with the RAND‐36 and collected at 12‐month follow‐up. Overall total mean costs were similar between both groups (EUR 33 575±19 612 versus EUR 33 880±21 044;
P
=0.86). Generalized linear model: (β, 0.991; 95% CI, 0.894–1.099;
P
=0.86). Mean procedural costs (coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention, coronary artery bypass graft) were higher in the immediate angiography group (EUR 4384±3447 versus EUR 3028±4220;
P
<0.001). Costs concerning intensive care unit and ward stay did not show any significant difference. The RAND‐36 questionnaire did not differ between both groups.

Conclusions
The mean total costs between patients with out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest randomly assigned to an immediate angiography or a delayed invasive strategy were similar during the initial hospital stay. With respect to the higher invasive procedure costs in the immediate group, a strategy awaiting neurological recovery followed by coronary angiography and planned revascularization may be considered.
Registration

URL:
https://trialregister.nl
; Unique identifier: NL4857.
Can Information Concepts Have Physical Content?
Authors: Anta Javier 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this paper I analyze the physical content of the main information concepts in the history of physics of the last seven decades. I argue that this physical character should be evaluated not by appealing to analytical-linguistic confusion (Timpson 2013) or to the usefulness of its applicability (Lombardi et al. 2016a), but properly from its capacity to allow us to acquire significant knowledge about the physical world. After systematically employing this epistemic criterion of physical significance I will conclude by rejecting the main strategies of ontological inflation and physical content of the main information concepts in the classical thermal physics literature.
Agreement for the Establishment of the Commission of Small Island States on Climate Change and International Law (COSIS)
Authors: Freestone David , Barnes Richard , Akhavan Payam 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This contribution outlines the content of a new agreement, signed initially by Antigua and Barbuda and Tuvalu, that establishes a Commission of Small Island States on Climate Change and International Law. This Commission has, inter alia, the express power to request an advisory opinion from the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS) on issues within the ITLOS jurisdiction relating to international law and climate change. The complementary initiative by Vanuatu to seek an advisory opinion from the International Court of Justice through the UN General Assembly is also discussed. The text of the agreement is attached as an appendix at the end of this article.
A Study of Teacher Candidates’ Views on Children’s Human Rights in Canada
Authors: Leighton JP 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The purpose of the study was to adapt a pre-existing measure (Karaman-Kepenekci, 2006) to assess teacher candidates’ views about children’s human rights in Canada. Karaman-Kepenekci’s survey was originally administered in Turkey with results published in the International Journal of Children’s Rights. To benchmark our results against Karaman-Kepenekci’s findings, we adapted and administered the survey to a sample of 174 teacher candidates in Canada. Participants’ gender, age, ethnicity, experience with children and enrolment in a human rights course were measured. The psychometric properties of the adapted survey and teacher candidates’ views are reported. An exploratory factor analysis with direct oblimin rotation led to complementary but different results compared to Karaman-Kepenekci’s (2006) findings. In particular, two factors were found to underlie survey responses – one involving rights of children and another involving government responsibility. Hierarchical linear regression of factor scores indicated that, among participant characteristics, only gender and ethnicity were predictive of responses.
L’abc della filologia nello studio di Omero in età ellenistica: sistemi di scrittura e corruttele
Authors: Pagani Lara 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Through the analysis of selected passages from the Homeric scholia and an ancient hypomnema, this paper aims to show that in the Hellenistic Age the idea that literary texts had been formerly written using orthographic systems different from the current one triggered the discussion and favoured the solution of some textual issues. At the time of Aristarchus of Samothrace and Crates of Mallos the identification of potential corruptions on the basis of writing features of the exemplar was definitely one of the tools available for the textual constitution of the Homeric poems (maybe the same holds true already for Aristophanes of Byzantium). This suggests that the Hellenistic scholars based their editorial work on conceptual premises that are the fundamentals of an acquainted approach to the transmission of the texts.
Conjuring Karbala Online and Offline
Authors: Ali Aleeha Zahra 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Majlis sermons are a cornerstone of Shiʾa ritual, and the online growth of this practice, mostly as videos, poses challenges for majlis preachers and audiences. This article explores Dutch Shiʾas’ experiences of majalis ethnographically and considers how they vary online and offline. Practitioners seek experiences of authentication in majalis – meaningful, truthful, emotional and legitimising experiences. Majlis preachers aim to create experiences of authentication. This text considers how such experiences occur through registers of authentication, explored as re-memory, embodiment and discourse. These registers are employed by preachers of the majlis sermon and recognised by audiences to produce highly affective religious experiences. However, online contexts pose challenges as ways of eliciting registers of authentication shift. This article describes these shifts to explore the implications for Shiʾa practices.
O obsesjach, które można uzasadnić, czyli rasizm po polsku
Authors: Wrzesińska Katarzyna 
Published: February 2022

On Obsessions That Can Be Justified, or Racism the Polish WayReview of: Grzegorz Krzywiec, Szowinizm po polsku: Przypadek Romana Dmowskiego (1886–1905) [Chauvinism the Polish Way: The Case of Roman Dmowski (1886–1905)], Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Neriton, Instytut Historii PAN 2009. O obsesjach, które można uzasadnić, czyli rasizm po polskuRecenzja: Grzegorz Krzywiec, Szowinizm po polsku: Przypadek Romana Dmowskiego (1886–1905), Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Neriton, Instytut Historii PAN 2009.
Nacjonalizm – doktryna i ewolucja
Authors: Pawłowiec Daniel 
Published: February 2022

Nationalism – Doctrine and EvolutionReview of: Bogumił Grott (ed.), Różne oblicza nacjonalizmów: Polityka, Religia, Etos [Various Faces of Nationalism: Politics, Religion, Ethos], Kraków: Nomos 2010. Nacjonalizm – doktryna i ewolucjaRecenzja: Bogumił Grott (red.), Różne oblicza nacjonalizmów: Polityka, Religia, Etos, Kraków: Nomos 2010.
The Alliance for European Integration and the Transnistrian Conflict Settlement
Authors: Kosienkowski Marcin 
Published: February 2022

The Alliance for European Integration and the Transnistrian Conflict SettlementThis article examines the policy of the Alliance for European Integration – the coalition in power in Moldova since mid-2009 – with regard to the Transnistrian conflict settlement. This paper presents the principles of AEI's policy, the motivations behind it and its implementation, including results to date. The core of the Moldovan authorities’ approach is identified as the gradual creation of positive on-the-ground conditions, which aim to facilitate Moldova and Transnistria reaching a final conflict settlement. In general, the AEI’s policy is evaluated in a positive light, since it has potential to bring better results than the confrontational activities of the previous Communist government. However, the article also reveals some of the policy’s shortcomings. Sojusz na rzecz Integracji Europejskiej wobec konfliktu naddniestrzańskiegoW artykule poddano analizie politykę Sojuszu na rzecz Integracji Europejskiej – koalicji rządzącej Republiką Mołdowy od połowy 2009 roku – mającą na celu uregulowanie konfliktu naddniestrzańskiego. Przedstawiono jej założenia, determinanty, realizację i dotychczasowe rezultaty. Za najważniejsze zadanie władz mołdawskich autor uznaje stopniowe stwarzanie warunków, które mają ułatwić Mołdowie i Naddniestrzu ostateczne rozwiązanie konfliktu pomiędzy nimi. Polityka Sojuszu została oceniona zasadniczo pozytywnie. Może bowiem przynieść lepsze rezultaty niż konfrontacyjne działania poprzedniego rządu komunistycznego. W artykule wskazano również główne wady polityki prowadzonej przez władze mołdawskie.
Konflikt w społeczeństwie obojętnym
Authors: Sudnikowicz Jędrzej 
Published: February 2022

Conflict in Indifferent SocietyReview of: Paul Scheffer, Druga ojczyzna: Imigranci w społeczeństwie otwartym, trans. Ewa Jusewicz-Kalter, Wołowiec: Wydawnictwo Czarne 2010. (Original work: Paul Scheffer, Het land van aankomst, Amsterdam: De Bezige Bij 2007.) Konflikt w społeczeństwie obojętnymRecenzja: Paul Scheffer, Druga ojczyzna: Imigranci w społeczeństwie otwartym, tłum. Ewa Jusewicz-Kalter, Wołowiec: Wydawnictwo Czarne 2010. (Praca oryginalna: Paul Scheffer, Het land van aankomst, Amsterdam: De Bezige Bij 2007.)
Polityka językowa nacjonalizmu
Authors: Jaskułowski Krzysztof 
Published: February 2022

Language Politics and NationalismReview of: Tomasz Kamusella, The Politics of Language and Nationalism in Modern Central Europe, London: Palgrave Macmillan 2009. Polityka językowa nacjonalizmuRecenzja: Tomasz Kamusella, The Politics of Language and Nationalism in Modern Central Europe, London: Palgrave Macmillan 2009.
Rytuały polityczne – kurs dla średniozaawansowanych
Authors: Marchwiński Grzegorz 
Published: February 2022

Political Rituals: An Intermediate CourseReview of: David I. Kertzer, Rytuał, polityka, władza, trans. Zygmunt Simbierowicz, Warszawa: Volumen 2010. (Original work: David I. Kertzer, Ritual, Politics, and Power, New Haven and London: Yale University Press 1988.) Rytuały polityczne – kurs dla średniozaawansowanychRecenzja: David I. Kertzer, Rytuał, polityka, władza, tłum. Zygmunt Simbierowicz, Warszawa: Volumen 2010. (Praca oryginalna: David I. Kertzer, Ritual, Politics, and Power, New Haven, London: Yale University Press 1988.)
Amerykański nacjonalizm
Authors: Kasiński Krzysztof 
Published: February 2022

American NationalismThe phenomenon of American nationalism dates back to the pioneer times of the Pilgrims and Founding Fathers, who established first social and political relations creating origins of a future developed country. Throughout the past centuries the term “nationalism” from an American perspective was tangled to various definitions and sometimes official politics of the state. American nationalism was first represented by faithful Protestant settlers who believed strongly in a God’s destined society. Based on that the first definition was coined by John Winthrop in his “City upon a Hill” – an idea of a land liberated from evil in all of its emanations, which is not distant and follows the will of an Absolute. One of the Founding Fathers – Thomas Paine in his Common Sense – developed Winthrop’s idea and presented Americans as people with unlimited abilities. American writers and first colonists believed in a Biblical promised land that offered them unlimited potential of self-growth. This strength of self-consciousness paved the way for a scientific term of superpatriotism. Coined by Michael Parenti, this term encompasses both democratic ideas of Alexis de Tocqueville and vision of a self-made man, who is the organizer of American statehood. American nationalism also derives from the ideology of Americacentrism, with its roots in the 19th century concept of Manifest Destiny, proclaiming a nation that is endowed with an eternal right to secure the world for democracy. This idea led to a long term debate in American political and social life as the United States became more and more involved in international affairs since the beginning of the 20th century. In sum, the idea of American nationalism is the result of the American melting pot of religious, cultural and specific historical circumstances that built this nation.
„Ostatni Mohikanie” rodzimej kultury na „zdemazuryzowanych” Mazurach
Authors: Poniedziałek Jacek 
Published: February 2022

“The Last of the Mohicans” of the Native Culture in “De-Masurized” MasuriaThe Masurians as an ethno-regional group have almost disappeared from the ethnic map of the world: their descendants now live in Germany in great numbers, while there are just a few thousand in their native Masuria. At the same time, the Masurians’ original culture spanning between Evangelism, the Polish dialect and culture, and German identity, is vanishing. Probably the last formally organized group of representatives of the local native population is the one active in the Masuria Evangelical Association (MEA). Its members’ main aim is to preserve and maintain their native culture, and thus save it from complete eradication.The article presents some of the unique measures taken by the activists of MEA in a concrete response to the marginalization of the Masurians and their vanishing in the region due to Germanization policies and, later, Polonization policies in Masuria, which were introduced by force when necessary. Many attempts at establishing the institutional means to rescue the native Masurian identity, which to a large extent proved unsuccessful, are briefly described in the text. The activities of MEA, as an institution of a regionalist character, are shown both in the historical and contemporary contexts. The author also presents the tasks, forms and contents of the Association’s work, taking into account the ideological and practical perspectives of its efforts to support the Masurian population.
The Impact of Slice Thickness on Diagnostic Accuracy in Digital Breast Tomosynthesis
Authors: Tang Yen Zhi , Al-Arnawoot Amna , Alabousi Abdullah 
Published: February 2022

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of slice thickness on diagnostic accuracy in Digital Breast Tomosynthesis (DBT). Method: Two readers retrospectively interpreted 150 DBT (125 normal and 25 pathology-proven cancer) cases scanned between October 2017–November 2020. The DBT studies were randomised and reviewed independently by the two readers. DBT studies were reviewed using a standard protocol (1 mm slices, no overlap and synthetic 2D-mammography (SM)) and an experimental protocol (10 mm slabs, 5 mm overlap and SM). Any abnormality and BIRADS scores were recorded by each reader. Sensitivity, specificity, interobserver and intraobserver agreement were calculated (Cohen’s Kappa κ). For diagnostic accuracy, the reference standard was histopathology or a normal mammogram at 2 years. Results: The sensitivity and specificity for reader 1 and 2 for cancer detection was reader 1 (97% and 79% for the standard protocol, 97% and 76% for the experimental protocol) and reader 2 (97% and 74% for both protocols). Reader 1 had 97.6% intraobserver agreement (κ .95) and reader 2 had 96.4% intraobserver agreement (κ .92) when assessing the standard and experimental protocols. There was 90.5% agreement between the readers for the standard protocol (κ .80). There was 90.9% agreement between the readers for the experimental protocol (κ .81). Of the 25 DBT studies with pathology-proven cancer, one cancer was missed by both readers using both protocols. Conclusion: The diagnostic accuracy was similar between the standard and experimental DBT protocols, demonstrating excellent interobserver and intraobserver agreement. This suggests 10-mm thick slabs can potentially replace 1-mm thin slices in the interpretation of DBT.