bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reversal of neuropathic pain is associated with corticostriatal functional reorganization after nerve repair in the spared nerve injury model
Authors: Bao Qi-Yuan , Chang Pei-Ching , Centeno Maria Virginia , Farmer Melissa A. , Baliki Marwan , Procissi Daniel , Zhang Weibin , Apkarian A. Vania 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Following surgical repair after peripheral nerve injury, neuropathic pain diminishes in most patients but can persist in a small proportion of cases, the mechanism of which remains poorly understood. Based on the spared nerve injury (SNI), we developed a rat nerve repair (NR) model, where a delayed reconstruction of the SNI-injured nerves resulted in alleviating chronic pain-like behavior only in a subpopulation of rats. Multiple behavioral measures were assayed over 11-week presurgery and postsurgery periods (tactile allodynia, pain prick responses, sucrose preference, motor coordination, and cold allodynia) in SNI (n = 10), sham (n = 8), and NR (n = 12) rats. All rats also underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging under anesthesia at multiple time points postsurgery, and at 10 weeks, histology and retrograde labeling were used to calculate peripheral reinnervation. Behavioral measures indicated that at approximately 5 weeks postsurgery, the NR group separated to pain persisting (NR persisting, n = 5) and recovering (NR recovering, n = 7) groups. Counts of afferent nerves and dorsal root ganglion cells were not different between NR groups. Therefore, NR group differences could not be explained by peripheral reorganization. By contrast, large brain functional connectivity differences were observed between NR groups, where corticolimbic reorganization paralleled with pain recovery (repeated-measures analysis of variance, false discovery rate, P < 0.05), and functional connectivity between accumbens and medial frontal cortex was related both to tactile allodynia (nociception) and to sucrose preference (anhedonia) in the NR group. Our study highlights the importance of brain circuitry in the reversal of neuropathic pain as a natural pain-relieving mechanism. Further studies regarding the therapeutic potentials of these processes are warranted.
Does the Addition of Whole-Body Vibration Training Improve Postural Stability and Lower Limb Strength During Rehabilitation Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Systematic Review With Meta-analysis
Authors: Rowe Patrick Lawrence , Taflan Semih , Hahne Andrew John 
Published: January 2022

Objectives:
To investigate whether the addition of whole-body vibration therapy to standard rehabilitation improves postural stability and lower limb strength following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction.

Data sources:
A computer-based literature search of MEDLINE, AMED, SPORTDiscus, Embase, CINAHL, CENTRAL, and Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) included studies up to October 2019.

Main results:
Seven randomised controlled trials of moderate-to-high methodological quality involving 244 participants were included. Meta-analysis found statistically significant improvements in medial–lateral stability [standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.50; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.12-0.88] and overall stability (SMD = 0.60; 95% CI, 0.14-1.06) favoring whole-body vibration therapy, but effects were not significant for quadriceps strength (SMD = 0.24; 95% CI, −0.65 to 1.13), hamstring strength (SMD = 0.84; 95% CI, −0.05 to 1.72), lower limb strength (SMD = 0.76; 95% CI, −0.16 to 1.67), or anterior-posterior stability (SMD = 0.19; 95% CI, −0.39 to 0.76).

Conclusions:
The addition of whole-body vibration therapy to standard postoperative rehabilitation following ACL reconstruction does not appear to significantly improve lower limb strength and anterior–posterior stability but may improve medial–lateral and overall postural stability. We found small sample sizes in all included trials, statistical heterogeneity, and methodological quality concerns, including publication bias, suggesting that larger high-quality trials are likely to be influential in this field. Registration: PROSPERO 155531.
Transtemporal Sigmoid Sinus Decompression: A Novel Surgical Procedure for the Treatment of Idiopathic Pulsatile Tinnitus
Authors: Slater Patrick W. , Duhon Bailey H. , Feldman David J. 
Published: January 2022

Objective:
Idiopathic pulsatile tinnitus (IPT) is associated with high patient morbidity although treatment methods remain unsatisfactory. In the present study, the transtemporal sigmoid sinus decompression is used in the treatment of idiopathic pulsatile tinnitus.

Study Design:
Retrospective case study.

Setting:
Tertiary referral center.

Patients:
From 2005 to 2020, 287 patients presented with a complaint of pulsatile tinnitus. After exclusion criteria, 25 patients were diagnosed with IPT. Those patients underwent treatment and were included in a retrospective study.

Interventions:
Following failed conservative therapies, the primary author performed a transtemporal sigmoid sinus decompression surgery on the patients under general anesthesia.

Main Outcome Measures:
Long-term resolution of IPT was measured using the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI). Outcome measurements were taken preoperatively, immediately postoperatively, three months postoperatively, and the status of all 25 patients is known at the time of this study.

Results:
Transtemporal sigmoid sinus decompression was performed on 25 patients (mean age: 51.7 years, 80.0% female). Out of the 25 patients, 23 (92.0%) patients experienced complete resolution of their IPT. Statistically significant differences based on preoperative THI (mean THI: 4.19) were evident immediately after surgery (mean THI: 1.31; p < 0.001), at 3 months postoperatively (mean THI: 1.19; p < 0.001), and over a mean follow-up time of 68.7 months (range, 3–168 months) (mean THI: 1.38; p < 0.001). Out of the two patients considered unsuccessful, Case 21 experienced a partial resolution. No major postoperative complications occurred.

Conclusions:
Transtemporal sigmoid sinus decompression is a safe and effective surgical procedure demonstrated to give near total resolution in properly selected patients and provides long-term relief for patients with IPT.
Management of Severe Facial Nerve Cross Stimulation by Cochlear Implant Replacement to Change Pulse Shape and Grounding Configuration: A Case-series
Authors: Eitutis Susan T. , Carlyon Robert P. , Tam Yu Chuen , Salorio-Corbetto Marina , Vanat Zebunnisa , Tebbutt Karen , Bardsley Rhian , Powell Harry R. F. , Chowdhury Shibasis , Tysome James R. , Bance Manohar L. 
Published: January 2022

Objectives:
To investigate the combined effect of changing pulse shape and grounding configuration to manage facial nerve stimulation (FNS) in cochlear implant (CI) recipients.

Patients:
Three adult CI recipients with severe FNS were offered a replacement implant when standard stimulation strategies and programming adjustments did not resolve symptoms. Our hypothesis was that the facial nerve was less likely to be activated when using anodic pulses with “mixed-mode” intra-cochlear and extra-cochlear current return.

Intervention:
All patients were reimplanted with an implant that uses a pseudo-monophasic anodic pulse shape, with mixed-mode grounding (stimulus mixed-mode anodic)—the Neuro Zti CI (Oticon Medical). This device also allows measurements of neural function and loudness with monopolar, symmetric biphasic pulses (stimulus MB), the clinical standard used by most CIs as a comparison.

Main Outcome Measures:
The combined effect of pulse shape and grounding configuration on FNS was monitored during surgery. Following CI activation, FNS symptoms and performance with the Neuro Zti implant were compared with outcomes before reimplantation.

Results:
FNS could only be recorded using stimulus MB for all patients. In clinical use, all patients reported reduced FNS and showed an improvement in Bamford-Kowal-Bench sentences recognition compared with immediately before reimplantation. Bamford-Kowal-Bench scores with a male speaker were lower compared with measurements taken before the onset of severe FNS for patients 1 and 2.

Conclusions:
In patients where CI auditory performance was severely limited by FNS, charge-balanced pseudo-monophasic stimulation mode with a mixed-mode grounding configuration limited FNS and improved loudness percept compared with standard biphasic stimulation with monopolar grounding.
Management of lateral neck nodes in common and aggressive variants of thyroid cancer
Authors: Shaha Ashok R. 
Published: January 2022

Purpose of review
Although nodal metastasis in thyroid cancer does not have a major impact on outcome, it does have some prognostic implication in adverse metastasis and aggressive histology. The purpose of this review is to discuss evaluation and management of lateral neck nodes in thyroid cancer.

Recent findings
There is a high incidence of central and lateral neck node metastasis in thyroid cancer. Appropriate preoperative evaluation is key prior to first surgical procedure. The distribution of nodal metastasis is well recognized and so generally a modified neck dissection is recommended from levels II through V. The risk of nodal metastasis at level IIb is rare. The complications of lateral neck dissection, though rare, are of significant importance to the quality of life.

Summary
Appropriate preoperative evaluation, including good ultrasound and CT scan with contrast, is recommended. Preoperative FNA of the lateral neck node will be helpful, along with thyroglobulin management if indicated. The neck dissection should include significant levels of neck, avoiding neural injury. Nonsurgical therapies may be recommended in selected patients.
Objective Measures of Near Viewing and Light Exposure in Schoolchildren during COVID-19
Authors: Bhandari Khob R. , Shukla Divya , Mirhajianmoghadam Hanieh , Ostrin Lisa A. 
Published: January 2022

SIGNIFICANCE
Wearable sensors provide the opportunity for continuous objective measurement of the visual environment with high resolution. Our findings show that absolute and temporal properties of near viewing and time outdoors vary between myopic and nonmyopic schoolchildren, which are important considerations when studying refractive error pathogenesis.

PURPOSE
Numerous behavioral factors, including near work, time outdoors, electronic device use, and sleep, have been linked to myopia. The purpose of this study was to assess behaviors using subjective and objective methods in myopic and nonmyopic schoolchildren in the United States.

METHODS
Forty children (aged 14.6 ± 0.4 years) simultaneously wore two sensors for 1 week, a Clouclip for objective measurement of near viewing and light exposure and an Actiwatch for objective measurement of activity and sleep. Parents completed an activity questionnaire for their child. Near-viewing distance, daily duration, short-duration (>1 minute) and long-duration (>30 minutes) near-viewing episodes, light exposure, time outdoors, electronic device use, and sleep duration were analyzed by refractive error group and day of the week.

RESULTS
Objectively measured daily near-viewing duration was 6.9 ± 0.3 hours. Myopes spent more time in near + intermediate viewing than nonmyopes (P = .008) and had higher diopter hours (P = .03). Short- and long-duration near-viewing episodes were similar between groups (P < .05 for both). Daily light exposure and time outdoors were significantly lower for myopes (P < .05 for both). Electronic device use (12.0 ± 0.7 hours per day) and sleep duration (8.2 ± 0.2 hours per night) were similar between groups (P > .05 for both).

CONCLUSIONS
Objective and subjective measures confirm that myopic and nonmyopic schoolchildren exhibit different behaviors. Combining wearable sensors with questionnaires provides a comprehensive description of children's visual environment to better understand factors that contribute to myopia.
Jumping stump phenomenon: a case report
Authors: Rombauts Maarten , Duinslaeger Eva , Peers Koen , Kiekens Carlotte 
Published: January 2022

Case description:
The jumping stump phenomenon is a peripherally induced movement disorder that is due to peripheral nerve damage. We report on a very resistant case in which different treatment strategies were applied.

Objectives:
To inform physicians about this condition, its implications, and treatment options.

Study design:
Case report of a 52-year-old man with a transtibial amputation, experiencing very painful involuntary muscle contractions in the residual limb.

Treatment and outcomes:
Various drug treatments, including baclofen, diazepam, clonazepam, clotiazepam, pramipexole, and pregabalin, peroneal nerve block, prosthesis modifications, and physiotherapy were ineffective for our patient. Botulinum toxin A treatment showed temporary decrease of symptoms but was not repeated because of high cost for the patient and his fear of injections. In our case, tibial nerve neuroma had no ectopic trigger zone, so local treatment was not indicated. Surgical interventions, based on contraction location and muscle tension, were partially successful. Eventually, due to serious functional and psychological impact, a transfemoral amputation was performed, with complete resolution of symptoms but recurrence later that year. Relapse was correlated with recurrence of local residual limb pain.

Conclusions:
Treating this phenomenon remains challenging because pathophysiology is still not fully understood, and the available literature is limited. A multiprofessional and interdisciplinary treatment approach is recommended, and botulinum toxin treatment is promising.
Does socket liner material affect clinical outcomes in lower limb prosthesis users? Insights from a randomized control trial
Authors: Fiedler Goeran , Singh Anita , McKernan Gina 
Published: January 2022

Among the noted disadvantages of prosthesis suspension by flexible liner is the increased rate of perspiration within the socket, which has the potential to cause discomfort, suspension issues, and tissue damage. In recent years, phase change material technology has been adopted for the use in prosthesis liners. These promise to improve temperature control and, consequently, reduce sweating. Previous work has demonstrated that this approach is effective in slowing the temperature increase at the limb-socket interface, but it was not clear how this would translate to clinical outcomes. This study had the aim to compare conventional and phase change material liners regarding prosthesis utilization, physical performance, and patient-reported outcome measures.
A randomized double-blind cross-over study design with 6-month intervention periods was used.
Of the 42 enrolled participants, only 50% completed the protocol. The high attrition was in large part because of the COVID-19 pandemic that started disrupting daily life and thereby the data collection midway through the study period.
The findings indicate that the temperature control liners were, by trend, associated with better prosthesis utilization. The found effects did not reach the level of statistical significance, which is likely a result of the unduly reduced sample size.
Characterizing Scatter Correction Software of 5 Mobile Radiography Units
Authors: Gossye Tim , Buytaert Dimitri , Smeets Peter V. , Morbée Lieve , Vereecke Elke , Achten Eric , Bacher Klaus 
Published: January 2022

Objectives
Bedside radiographs are usually obtained gridless, without a physical scatter correction grid because of several limitations. Therefore, multiple manufacturers of mobile radiography systems provide the possibility to apply scatter correction software (SC SW) on those images. The purpose of this study was to characterize different series of radiographs—gridless, SC SW, and physical grid—with an image quality assessment algorithm (IQAA). Furthermore, we investigated the potential dose reduction and the correlation between the output of the IQAA and the human observers.

Materials and Methods
We obtained different series of radiographs with an anthropomorphic phantom (multipurpose chest phantom N1 “Lungman,” Kyoto Kagaku, Kyoto, Japan). All radiographs were obtained with flat-panel detectors of 5 different manufacturers in a wall bucky system. An IQAA to analyze the radiographs was implemented in our department but was originally developed by the research group of the Duke University Medical Center. Seven physical quantities were calculated by the IQAA: rib-lung contrast (RLcontrast
), subdiaphragm-lung contrast (SLcontrast
), lung detail (Ldetail
), mediastinum detail (Mdetail
), lung noise (Lnoise
), mediastinum noise (Mnoise
), and rib-lung sharpness (RLsharpness
). In a proof of concept, the results of the IQAA were validated by 3 experienced radiologists.

Results
Regression coefficients (b) of the linear regression model indicate that the human observer results correlate well with the IQAA (b ≥ 0.89, R
2 ≥ 0.83). All manufacturers have SC SW that increases the 7 physical quantities of the gridless images. However, several manufacturers have SC SW that increases the physical metrics to the same level as the physical grid images. The SC SW radiographs obtained with a reduced tube load have an increased level of contrast, detail, sharpness, and noise compared with the gridless images obtained with the higher tube load.

Conclusions
We have proven in a proof of concept that the originally developed IQAA can be used to characterize different series of images of different manufacturers. Based on the physical quantities, SC SW increases the contrast, detail, sharpness, and noise. The experimental results in this study assume a patient dose reduction could be possible when SC SW is applied.
Incidental Detection of Mandibular Metastasis in Renal Cell Carcinoma on 99mTc-MIBI Scan
Authors: Rungta Rachita , Pereira Melvika , Singh Natasha , Shivdasani Divya , Kesariya Jugal , Roy Debdip , Dang Shreya 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
MIBI scintigraphy is the most widely used modality to identify parathyroid adenomas preoperatively. However, MIBI is also known to accumulate in multiple benign and malignant lesions. In renal cell carcinoma, 30% of the patients present with distant metastasis, commonly lungs and bone; however, jaw bone metastases are extremely rare (<1% of oral malignancies). Here we present a rare case of MIBI-avid mandibular metastasis in bilateral renal cell carcinoma on 99mTc-MIBI scintigraphy. Thus, we emphasize on careful interpretation of 99mTc-MIBI scans, which in addition to parathyroid adenomas can incidentally detect concurrent malignant lesions.
Grading Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors Via Endoscopic Ultrasound-guided Fine Needle Aspiration
Authors: Javed Ammar A. , Pulvirenti Alessandra , Razi Samrah , Zheng Jian , Michelakos Theodoros , Sekigami Yurie , Thompson Elizabeth , Klimstra David S. , Deshpande Vikram , Singhi Aatur D. , Weiss Matthew J. , Wolfgang Christopher L. , Cameron John L. , Wei Alice C. , Zureikat Amer H. , Ferrone Cristina R. , He Jin ,   Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Disease Alliance (PANDA)
Published: January 2022

Objectives:
To identify factors associated with concordance between World Health Organization (WHO) grade on cytological analysis (c-grade) and histopathological analysis (h-grade) of surgical specimen in patients with PanNETs and examine trends in utilization and accuracy of EUS-FNA in preoperatively predicting grade.

Background:
WHO grading system is prognostic in pancreatic neuroendo-crine tumors (PanNETs). The concordance between c-grade and h-grade is reported to be between 50% and 92%.

Methods:
A multicenter retrospective study was performed on patients undergoing resection for PanNETs at four high-volume centers between 2010 and 2019. Patients with functional or syndrome-associated tumors, and those receiving neoadjuvant therapy were excluded. Factors associated with concordance between c-grade and h-grade and trends of utilization of EUS-FNA were assessed.

Results:
Of 869 patients included, 517 (59.5%) underwent EUS-FNA; 452 (87.4%) were diagnostic of PanNETs and WHO-grade was reported for 270 (59.7%) patients. The concordance between c-grade and h-grade was 80.4% with moderate concordance (Kc = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.41–0.63). Significantly higher rates of concordance were observed in patients with smaller tumors (<2 vs. ≥2cm, 81.1% vs. 60.4%, P = 0.005). Highest concordance (98.1%) was observed in patients with small tumors undergoing assessment between 2015-2019 with a near-perfect concordance (Kc = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.61–1.00). An increase in the utilization of EUS-FNA (56.1% to 64.1%) was observed over the last 2 decades (P = 0.017) and WHO-grade was more frequently reported (44.2% vs. 77.6%, P < 0.001). However, concordance between c-grade and h-grade did not change significantly (P = 0.118).

Conclusion:
Recently, a trend towards increasing utilization and improved diagnostic accuracy of EUS-FNA has been observed in PanNETs. Concordance between c-grade and h-grade is associated with tumor size with near-perfect agreement when assessing PanNETs <2cm in size.
Rib fixation in non–ventilator-dependent chest wall injuries: A prospective randomized trial
Authors: Marasco Silvana Francesca , Balogh Zsolt J. , Wullschleger Martin E. , Hsu Jeremy , Patel Bhavik , Fitzgerald Mark , Martin Kate , Summerhayes Robyn , Bailey Michael 
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND
The aim of this study was to assess pain and quality of life (QoL) outcomes in patients with multiple painful displaced fractured ribs with and without operative fixation. Rib fractures are common and can lead to significant pain and disability. There is minimal level 1 evidence for rib fixation in non–ventilator-dependent patients with chest wall injuries. We hypothesized that surgical stabilization of rib fractures would reduce pain and improve QoL during 6 months.

METHODS
A prospective multicenter randomized controlled trial comparing rib fixation to nonoperative management of nonventilated patients with at least three consecutive rib fractures was conducted. Inclusion criteria were rib fracture displacement and/or ongoing pain. Pain (McGill Pain Questionnaire) and QoL (Short Form 12) at 3 and 6 months postinjury were assessed. Surgeons enrolled patients in whom they felt there was clinical equipoise. Patients who were deemed to need surgical fixation or who were deemed to be too well to be randomized to rib fixation were not enrolled.

RESULTS
A total of 124 patients were enrolled at four sites between 2017 and 2020. Sixty-one patients were randomized to operative management and 63 to nonoperative management. No differences were seen in the primary endpoint of Pain Rating Index at 3 months or in the QoL measures. Return-to-work rates improved between 3 and 6 months, favoring the operative group.

CONCLUSION
In this study, no improvements in pain or QoL at 3 and 6 months in patients undergoing rib fixation for nonflail, non–ventilator-dependent rib fractures have been demonstrated.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Therapeutic/Care Management; Level II.