bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perron communicability and sensitivity of multilayer networks
Authors: El-Halouy Smahane , Noschese Silvia , Reichel Lothar 
Published: October 2022

AbstractModeling complex systems that consist of different types of objects leads to multilayer networks, where nodes in the different layers represent different kinds of objects. Nodes are connected by edges, which have positive weights. A multilayer network is associated with a supra-adjacency matrix. This paper investigates the sensitivity of the communicability in a multilayer network to perturbations of the network by studying the sensitivity of the Perron root of the supra-adjacency matrix. Our analysis sheds light on which edge weights to make larger to increase the communicability of the network, and which edge weights can be made smaller or set to zero without affecting the communicability significantly.
Single-cell protein production from purple non-sulphur bacteria-based wastewater treatment
Authors: Wada Ojima Z. , Vincent Annette Shoba , Mackey Hamish R. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLarge-scale production of single-cell protein (SCP) has the potential not only to solve some of the food insecurity and water scarcity crises that plague a significant portion of our world today but also holds the promise to reduce the cost associated with the treatment of industrial and agricultural wastewater. Resource recovery of SCP from organic waste by microbes like yeast and microalgae is commonly documented. However, recently, a class of phototrophic bacteria, purple non-sulphur bacteria (PNSB), has emerged as a favourable option in terms of both wastewater treatment and resource recovery. PNSB are metabolically versatile and tolerant to a wide range of conditions, hence their ability to thrive in diverse waste streams. Besides its rich protein content, PNSB contains other nutritionally valuable bioproducts like carotenoids, coenzyme Q10, 5-aminolevulinic acid, and pantothenic acid. Recent evidence also indicates that PNSB-based aquafeed enhances growth and boosts immunity in certain aquaculture trials. It does not possess the same toxicity as most gram-negative bacteria due to its comparatively less potent lipopolysaccharide composition. With diverse promising prospects of PNSB-based SCP, it is critical to extensively examine the landscape from a holistic standpoint, highlighting the potential challenges large-scale SCP production may pose. Thus, this review explores the comparative advantages of utilizing PNSB for SCP production, essential components of PNSB-based SCP processing, and possible environmental and economic gains associated with the process. Current challenges with PNSB-based SCP production and future outlooks are also examined.
Undetected Minority-Polarity Flux as the Missing Link in Coronal Heating
Authors: Wang Y.-M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDuring the last few decades, the most widely favored models for coronal heating have involved the in situ dissipation of energy, with footpoint shuffling giving rise to multiple current sheets (the nanoflare model) or to Alfvén waves that leak into the corona and undergo dissipative interactions (the wave heating scenario). As has been recognized earlier, observations suggest instead that the energy deposition is concentrated at low heights, with the coronal loops being filled with hot, dense material from below, which accounts for their overdensities and flat temperature profiles. While an obvious mechanism for footpoint heating would be reconnection with small-scale fields, this possibility seems to have been widely ignored because magnetograms show almost no minority-polarity flux inside active-region (AR) plages. Here, we present further examples to support our earlier conclusions (1) that magnetograms greatly underrepresent the amount of minority-polarity flux inside plages and “unipolar” network, and (2) that small loops are a major constituent of Fe ix 17.1-nm moss. On the assumption that the emergence or churning rate of small-scale flux is the same inside plages as in mixed-polarity regions of the quiet Sun, we estimate the energy flux density associated with reconnection with the plage fields to be on the order of $10^{7}~\mbox{erg}\,\mbox{cm}^{-2}\,\mbox{s}^{-1}$

10

7

erg

cm

−
2

s

−
1

, sufficient to heat the AR corona.
Conceptualising morally permissible risk imposition without quantified individual risks
Authors: Burri Susanne 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe frequently engage in activities that impose a risk of serious harm on innocent others in order to realise trivial benefits for ourselves or third parties. Many moral theories tie the evidence-relative permissibility of engaging in such activities to the size of the risk that an individual agent imposes. I argue that we should move away from such a reliance on quantified individual risks when conceptualising morally permissible risk imposition. Under most circumstances of interest, a conscientious reasoner will identify a gap between the factors they deem potentially relevant to the riskiness of an agent’s behaviour, and the factors they are reasonably able to quantify. This then leads a conscientious reasoner to conclude that they cannot, in good faith, come up with a quantitative risk estimate that is genuinely tailored to the agent’s particular situation. Based on this, I argue that principles of morally permissible risk imposition fail to provide us with practical guidance if they ask us to take into account our agent-specific risks in a quantified manner. I also argue that principles of permissible risk imposition which appeal to quantified individual risks implausibly imply that it is frequently indeterminate whether engaging in some risky activity is morally permissible. For both of these reasons, I contend that principles of morally permissible risk imposition should make no reference to quantified individual risks. They should instead acknowledge that any quantitative estimates that an agent might usefully be able to consider will likely not be tailored to the agent’s idiosyncratic situation.
Temporally guided articulated hand pose tracking in surgical videos
Authors: Louis Nathan , Zhou Luowei , Yule Steven J. , Dias Roger D. , Manojlovich Milisa , Pagani Francis D. , Likosky Donald S. , Corso Jason J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Articulated hand pose tracking is an under-explored problem that carries the potential for use in an extensive number of applications, especially in the medical domain. With a robust and accurate tracking system on surgical videos, the motion dynamics and movement patterns of the hands can be captured and analyzed for many rich tasks.

Methods
In this work, we propose a novel hand pose estimation model, CondPose, which improves detection and tracking accuracy by incorporating a pose prior into its prediction. We show improvements over state-of-the-art methods which provide frame-wise independent predictions, by following a temporally guided approach that effectively leverages past predictions.

Results
We collect Surgical Hands, the first dataset that provides multi-instance articulated hand pose annotations for videos. Our dataset provides over 8.1k annotated hand poses from publicly available surgical videos and bounding boxes, pose annotations, and tracking IDs to enable multi-instance tracking. When evaluated on Surgical Hands, we show our method outperforms the state-of-the-art approach using mean Average Precision, to measure pose estimation accuracy, and Multiple Object Tracking Accuracy, to assess pose tracking performance.

Conclusion
In comparison to a frame-wise independent strategy, we show greater performance in detecting and tracking hand poses and more substantial impact on localization accuracy. This has positive implications in generating more accurate representations of hands in the scene to be used for targeted downstream tasks.
Pareto robust optimization on Euclidean vector spaces
Authors: Adelhütte Dennis , Biefel Christian , Kuchlbauer Martina , Rolfes Jan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPareto efficiency for robust linear programs was introduced by Iancu and Trichakis in [Manage Sci 60(1):130–147, 9]. We generalize their approach and theoretical results to robust optimization problems in Euclidean spaces with affine uncertainty. Additionally, we demonstrate the value of this approach in an exemplary manner in the area of robust semidefinite programming (SDP). In particular, we prove that computing a Pareto robustly optimal solution for a robust SDP is tractable and illustrate the benefit of such solutions at the example of the maximal eigenvalue problem. Furthermore, we modify the famous algorithm of Goemans and Williamson [Assoc Comput Mach 42(6):1115–1145, 8] in order to compute cuts for the robust max-cut problem that yield an improved approximation guarantee in non-worst-case scenarios.
Motivational climate in mathematics classrooms: teacher self-efficacy for student engagement, student- and teacher-reported emotional support and student interest
Authors: Hettinger Katharina , Lazarides Rebecca , Schiefele Ulrich 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMathematics interest is highly relevant for students’ academical and emotional development in the domain of mathematics. Thus, it appears alarming that students’ mathematics interest decreases during the course of secondary school. Teacher self-efficacy is a central facet of teacher motivation and is assumed to be highly relevant for student mathematics interest. However, there is a paucity of research that investigates the longitudinal and indirect relations through which teacher self-efficacy relates to students’ interest through their teaching behaviors in mathematics classrooms. Therefore, in the present longitudinal study we aim to contribute to research by identifying how teacher self-efficacy for student engagement contributes to students’ mathematics interest in secondary classrooms through student- and teacher-reported support. We used a sample of mathematics teachers (n = 50) and their students (n = 959). Longitudinal data of three measurement waves collected from German ninth grade mathematics classrooms were included in the analysis. Results of latent-manifest multi-level analysis showed that teacher self-efficacy for student engagement at Time 1 (beginning of ninth grade) positively predicted student-perceived, but not teacher-perceived, teacher emotional support at Time 2 (beginning of tenth grade), which in turn positively predicted students’ mathematics interest at Time 3 (middle of tenth grade). A possible implication for mathematics teachers’ educational practice involves strengthening mathematics teachers’ self-efficacy for student engagement by means of direct interventions and in-servive training for mathematics teachers.
Residual finiteness of extensions of arithmetic subgroups of $${{\,\mathrm{SU}\,}}(d,1)$$ with cusps
Authors: Hill Richard M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLet $$\Gamma$$
Γ
be an arithmetic subgroup of $${{\,\mathrm{SU}\,}}(d,1)$$

SU

(
d
,
1
)

with cusps, and let $$X_\Gamma$$

X
Γ

be the associated locally symmetric space. In this paper we investigate the pre-image of $$\Gamma$$
Γ
in the covering groups of $${{\,\mathrm{SU}\,}}(d,1)$$

SU

(
d
,
1
)

. Let $$H^\bullet _!(X_\Gamma ,\mathbb {C})$$

H
!
∙

(

X
Γ

,
C
)

be the inner cohomology, i.e. the image in $$H^\bullet (X_\Gamma ,\mathbb {C})$$

H
∙

(

X
Γ

,
C
)

of the compactly supported cohomology. We prove that if the first inner cohomology group $$H^1_!(X_\Gamma ,\mathbb {C})$$

H
!
1

(

X
Γ

,
C
)

is non-zero then the pre-image of $$\Gamma$$
Γ
in each connected cover of $${{\,\mathrm{SU}\,}}(d,1)$$

SU

(
d
,
1
)

is residually finite. At the end of the paper we give an example of an arithmetic subgroup $$\Gamma$$
Γ
satisfying the criterion $$H^1_!(X_\Gamma ,\mathbb {C}) \ne 0$$

H
!
1

(

X
Γ

,
C
)

≠
0

.
Clinical Trial-Ready Patient Cohorts for Multiple System Atrophy: Coupling Biospecimen and iPSC Banking to Longitudinal Deep-Phenotyping
Authors: Ndayisaba Alain , Pitaro Ariana T. , Willett Andrew S. , Jones Kristie A. , de Gusmao Claudio Melo , Olsen Abby L. , Kim Jisoo , Rissanen Eero , Woods Jared K. , Srinivasan Sharan R. , Nagy Anna , Nagy Amanda , Mesidor Merlyne , Cicero Steven , Patel Viharkumar , Oakley Derek H. , Tuncali Idil , Taglieri-Noble Katherine , Clark Emily C. , Paulson Jordan , Krolewski Richard C. , Ho Gary P. , Hung Albert Y. , Wills Anne-Marie , Hayes Michael T. , Macmore Jason P. , Warren Luigi , Bower Pamela G. , Langer Carol B. , Kellerman Lawrence R. , Humphreys Christopher W. , Glanz Bonnie I. , Dielubanza Elodi J. , Frosch Matthew P. , Freeman Roy L. , Gibbons Christopher H. , Stefanova Nadia , Chitnis Tanuja , Weiner Howard L. , Scherzer Clemens R. , Scholz Sonja W. , Vuzman Dana , Cox Laura M. , Wenning Gregor , Schmahmann Jeremy D. , Gupta Anoopum S. , Novak Peter , Young Geoffrey S. , Feany Mel B. , Singhal Tarun , Khurana Vikram 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease of unknown etiology characterized by widespread aggregation of the protein alpha-synuclein in neurons and glia. Its orphan status, biological relationship to Parkinson’s disease (PD), and rapid progression have sparked interest in drug development. One significant obstacle to therapeutics is disease heterogeneity. Here, we share our process of developing a clinical trial-ready cohort of MSA patients (69 patients in 2 years) within an outpatient clinical setting, and recruiting 20 of these patients into a longitudinal “n-of-few” clinical trial paradigm. First, we deeply phenotype our patients with clinical scales (UMSARS, BARS, MoCA, NMSS, and UPSIT) and tests designed to establish early differential diagnosis (including volumetric MRI, FDG-PET, MIBG scan, polysomnography, genetic testing, autonomic function tests, skin biopsy) or disease activity (PBR06-TSPO). Second, we longitudinally collect biospecimens (blood, CSF, stool) and clinical, biometric, and imaging data to generate antecedent disease-progression scores. Third, in our Mass General Brigham SCiN study (stem cells in neurodegeneration), we generate induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) models from our patients, matched to biospecimens, including postmortem brain. We present 38 iPSC lines derived from MSA patients and relevant disease controls (spinocerebellar ataxia and PD, including alpha-synuclein triplication cases), 22 matched to whole-genome sequenced postmortem brain. iPSC models may facilitate matching patients to appropriate therapies, particularly in heterogeneous diseases for which patient-specific biology may elude animal models. We anticipate that deeply phenotyped and genotyped patient cohorts matched to cellular models will increase the likelihood of success in clinical trials for MSA.
Population decline of Gulf pipefish (Syngnathus scovelli) in a subtropical estuary: ecosystem changes and habitat loss
Authors: Adams Douglas H. , Sebastian Agustin , Paperno Richard 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCoastal lagoons and other estuarine habitats are increasingly exposed to the negative effects of growing human populations with associated intensifications in nutrient loading, harmful algal blooms, pollution, and habitat degradation. We examined population dynamics of Gulf pipefish Syngnathus scovelli in estuarine waters of the Indian River Lagoon, on the Atlantic coast of Florida. Substantial declines in abundance of this sentinel species were concurrent with significant losses of seagrass habitat associated with ongoing harmful algal blooms, and other perturbations during the study period spanning from 1998 to 2018. Moderate declines in S. scovelli were observed with early downward trends in seagrasses ahead of the onset of the precipitous seagrass reductions observed. The massive decline of seagrass habitats in the Indian River Lagoon in recent years had negative influences and was directly linked to population declines we observed in the S. scovelli population. Lack of seagrass habitat essential to this and related syngnathid species may reduce optimum seagrass-associated prey, increase predation by lack of appropriate cover, and increase energetic costs which may be realized through reduced growth rates and potential reproductive impairment. Identification and monitoring of population trends of S. scovelli and related sentinel fish species allow for early implementation of management actions that reduce the impact of anthropogenic pressures on the services that estuarine systems provide to the fishes and fisheries they support.
Multiple orthogonal polynomials: Pearson equations and Christoffel formulas
Authors: Branquinho Amílcar , Foulquié-Moreno Ana , Mañas Manuel 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMultiple orthogonal polynomials with respect to two weights on the step-line are considered. A connection between different dual spectral matrices, one banded (recursion matrix) and one Hessenberg, respectively, and the Gauss–Borel factorization of the moment matrix is given. It is shown a hidden freedom exhibited by the spectral system related to the multiple orthogonal polynomials. Pearson equations are discussed, a Laguerre–Freud matrix is considered, and differential equations for type I and II multiple orthogonal polynomials, as well as for the corresponding linear forms are given. The Jacobi–Piñeiro multiple orthogonal polynomials of type I and type II are used as an illustrating case and the corresponding differential relations are presented. A permuting Christoffel transformation is discussed, finding the connection between the different families of multiple orthogonal polynomials. The Jacobi–Piñeiro case provides a convenient illustration of these symmetries, giving linear relations between different polynomials with shifted and permuted parameters. We also present the general theory for the perturbation of each weight by a different polynomial or rational function aka called Christoffel and Geronimus transformations. The connections formulas between the type II multiple orthogonal polynomials, the type I linear forms, as well as the vector Stieltjes–Markov vector functions is also presented. We illustrate these findings by analyzing the special case of modification by an even polynomial.
Preparing the Patient for ICU Transfer: What Is the Anesthesiologist’s Role?
Authors: László István , Végh Tamás , Szántó Dorottya , Juhász Marianna , Molnár Csilla , Fülesdi Béla 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose of Review
This review summarizes the anesthesiologist’s role in transferring critically ill surgical patients at different phases of care.

Recent Findings
Early recognition of patients at high intraoperative and postoperative risk is one of the most important first steps, followed by preoperative and intraoperative stabilization measures depending on the individual needs. It mainly is the anesthesiologist’s responsibility to decide on postoperative ICU admission. The transfer of the critically ill should be planned; the ICU staff has to be informed as early as possible. Locally developed checklists should be used during the preparation of patient transport. Trained, dedicated staff should be made available in every institution. A detailed handover using dedicated institutional flowcharts should ensure patient safety upon arrival to the ICU.

Summary
Transfer of critically ill patients from the OR to the ICU is an interdisciplinary task with a high probability of eventual incidents. Anesthesiologists should play a key role in all phases of the procedure to improve patient outcomes.
A review on the synthesis of bio-based surfactants using green chemistry principles
Authors: Stubbs Shea , Yousaf Sakib , Khan Iftikhar 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectivesWith increasing awareness of the potential adverse impact of conventional surfactants on the environment and human health, there is mounting interest in the development of bio-based surfactants (which are deemed to be safer, more affordable, are in abundance, are biodegradable, biocompatible and possess scalability, mildness and performance in formulation) in personal care products.MethodA comprehensive literature review around alkyl polyglucosides (APGs) and sucrose esters (SEs) as bio-based surfactants, through the lens of the 12 green chemistry principles was conducted. An overview of the use of bio-based surfactants in personal care products was also provided.ResultsBio-based surfactants are derived primarily from natural sources (i.e. both the head and tail molecular group). One of the more common types of bio-based surfactants are those with carbohydrate head groups, where alkyl polyglucosides (APGs) and sucrose esters (SEs) lead this sub-category. As global regulations and user mandate for sustainability and safety increase, evidence to further support these bio-based surfactants as alternatives to their petrochemical counterparts is advantageous. Use of the green chemistry framework is a suitable way to do this. While many of the discussed principles are enforced industrially, others have only yet been applied at a laboratory scale or are not apparent in literature.ConclusionMany of the principles of green chemistry are currently used in the synthesis of APGs and SEs. These and other bio-based surfactants should, therefore, be considered suitable and sustainable alternatives to conventional surfactants. To further encourage the use of these novel surfactants, industry must make an effort to implement and improve the use of the remaining principles at a commercial level.Graphical abstract
Breaking Boundaries: Interdisciplinary Workshops to Write Integrated Medical School Assessments
Authors: Harvey Maresa , Dimmers Petra , Rashid Mohammed Ahmed 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAlthough integrated medical school curricula have been widely adopted and examined, there has been comparatively less attention on the challenges associated with developing integrated assessments. Working with medical schools around the world, we have developed a writing workshop format that unites teachers from different disciplines to produce integrated assessment items.
Non-Axisymmetric Modelling of Moving Heat Source for Spatial and Temporal Investigation of Temperature in Railway Vehicles Disc Brake
Authors: Deressa Kejela Temesgen , Ambie Demiss Alemu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRailway disc brake is vulnerable to surface damages including fade, wear, squeal, thermal cracks and fatigue being just few of them. To counteract these negative consequences, reliable thermal model that can accommodate space and time variables is essential. The aim of this study is to develop new non-axisymmetric moving heat source and compare its efficiency with pre-existing traditional models. Factors responsible for temperature spatial and temporal variation are identified first and then programmed in ANSYS APDL similar capability to a FORTRAN. Heat flux and convection coefficients are calculated by empirical equations and stored in parameters and arrays for later use, based on small time and pad angular increment. The modelling is to successfully solve the problems in traditional models by estimating surface temperature difference as high as 49 °C, within acceptable computation time. Besides, its consideration of radial distance reported variations from traditional models as high as 10% and 60% in moving heat source and axisymmetric, respectively. And, it is also verified with the literature within acceptable variation. Finally, it is suggested that the model can be applied in conducting pad geometry optimization, thermal stress and fatigue life of disc brake.