bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly-dense acrylonitrile butadiene styrene specimens fabricated by overheat material extrusion 3D printing
Authors: Tran Thang Q. , Deng Xinying , Canturri Carla , Tham Chu Long , Ng Feng Lin 
Published: October 2022

Purpose
This study aims to comprehensively investigate the process-structure-property correlation of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) parts manufactured by the overheat material extrusion (Mex) method. This study considers the relationships between the tensile and impact strength with temperature profiles, mesostructures and fracture behaviors of the ABS-printed parts.

Design/methodology/approach
The overheat printing condition was generated by using the highest possible printing temperature of the Mex printer used in this study together with cooling fan turned off. Temperature profiles of the polymer rasters were measured to characterize the diffusion time of the deposited rasters. Thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry and melt flow index were performed to study the thermal properties of the ABS feedstock. The mesostructures of the printed ABS samples were characterized by using an optical microscope, while their fracture surface was investigated using a field emission scanning electron microscope. The authors performed the tensile and impact tests following ASTM D3039 and D256-10A, respectively.

Findings
The use of the overheat Mex printing could offer better raster diffusion with reduced cooling rate and prolonged diffusion time. Consequently, the overheat printed ABS parts possessed a porosity as low as 1.35% with an increase in the weld length formed between the adjacent rasters of up to 62.5%. More importantly, the overheat printed ABS parts exhibited an increase of up to 70%, 84% and 30% in tensile strain at break, tensile toughness and impact strength, respectively, compared to their normal printed counterparts.

Originality/value
This study provides a facile but effective approach to fabricate highly dense and strong polymeric parts printed by Mex method for end-use applications.
Uncoding library chatbots: deploying a new virtual reference tool at the San Jose State University library
Authors: Rodriguez Sharesly , Mune Christina 
Published: October 2022

PurposeThis paper aims to detail how a university library developed an AI chatbot to meet a growing need for virtual reference services. This chatbot was developed using Google's free Dialogflow bot platform and embedded in the library's website. With the onset of COVID-19 and a greater reliance on virtual services, chatbots have become of increasing interest to libraries as a tool to provide enhanced services during non-staffed hours and to perform basic information triage when virtual chat transactions reach an overwhelming number of available staff.Design/methodology/approachUsing in-depth research into current practices and readily available tools, a small non-technical team at a university library designed and piloted an AI chatbot that employs natural language processing and AI training. This article describes the chatbot development and implementation process. Results of chatbot interactions after one academic year of usage are also reviewed.FindingsThis study reveals that a university library chatbot may be developed and deployed with minimal coding knowledge using existing tools. Chatbot content can be populated through current library information sources and trained to address typical information inquiries. However, additional development and testing is needed to increase user engagement.Originality/valueThis study indicates that libraries can develop and deploy chatbots to meet user information inquiries without onerous technical training or IT resources. It describes best practices for chatbots and the steps necessary to deploy a chatbot on a library website.
Selecting new products by the revised ideal ratio: a Kano model approach
Authors: Shahin Arash , Nourmohammadi Ali 
Published: October 2022

PurposeThis paper aims to revise the ideal ratio for selecting new products based on their qualitative analysis of desired/undesired functions.Design/methodology/approachThe Kano model has been integrated with the ideal ratio to select and prioritize the design of new products. First, the functional analysis method in value engineering was used to determine the attributes and functions of each product design. Then, the Kano model was used to determine the type of each product attribute and to use the desirable functions of attractive attributes, one-dimensional, must-be and undesirable functions of reverse attributes in the ideal ratio to select and prioritize the design of the product. To examine the application of the proposed approach, a gas instruments manufacturing company was investigated, and five new products were selected for the study.FindingsBased on the results, the product design of industrial regulator GS 77/22 was selected as the superior product and the digital diaphragm gas meter, ultrasonic gas meter, axial regulator and turbine gas meter had the second to fifth priority, respectively.Practical implicationsThe proposed method can help product designers determine product designs suitable for customers' expectations and provide a desirable prioritization of the product design in terms of their ideal ratio according to the customers.Originality/valueThe proposed approach provides a more desirable prioritization compared with other prioritization methods based on customers' viewpoints. In the proposed method, the Kano model results in respecting customers, understanding community needs, respecting consumers' rights and increasing the organization's social responsibility, which will significantly increase the chance of product success in the market.
Pulse disturbances in age‐structured populations: Life history predicts initial impact and recovery time
Authors: White J. Wilson , Barceló Caren , Hastings Alan , Botsford Louis W. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Understanding population responses to discrete ‘pulsed’ environmental disturbances is essential to conservation and adaptive management. Populations of concern can be driven to low levels by disturbance, and understanding interspecific differences in recovery trajectories is necessary for evaluating management options.

We analysed single‐species models to investigate the demographic and management factors determining the two components of population ‘resilience’: the magnitude of initial impact on population abundance, and duration of the recovery time.

We simulated age‐structured populations with density‐dependent recruitment, subjected to a pulse disturbance consisting of a period of increased mortality of either the juvenile age class or all age classes, and calculated both impact and return time. For illustration, we used demographic parameters from a suite of 16 fish species.

We formulated the model as a renewal equation, allowing us to describe disturbance impacts mathematically as a convolution. We also included nonlinear dynamics, representing populations that recover to a steady state; this is more realistic (in most cases) than prior analyses of resilience in linear models without density‐dependence.

When the disturbance affected only one or a few young age‐classes, longevity was the major life‐history determinant of impact and recovery time. Shorter‐lived species endured greater impacts when disturbed because each age class is a greater proportion of the population. However, shorter‐lived species also had faster recovery times, for the same reason. When disturbance affected adult age‐classes, the impact was more immediate and no longer affected by species' longevity, though the effect of longevity on recovery time remained.

These results improve our understanding of interspecific differences in resilience and increase our ability to make predictions for adaptive management. Additionally, formulating the problem as a renewal equation and using mathematical convolutions allows us to quantify how disturbances with different time courses (not just an immediate, constant level of disturbance but gradually increasing or decreasing levels of disturbance) would have different effects on population resilience: delayed responses for species in which biomass is concentrated in older age classes, and for disturbances that become progressively more severe.
Brexit or Brand it? The Effects of Attitude Towards Brexit and Reshored Brands on Consumer Purchase Intention
Authors: L. Dey Bidit , Alwi Sharifah Faridah Syed , Babu Mujahid Mohiuddin , Roy Sanjit K. , Muhammad Syed Sardar 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBrexit has caused a seismic shift in the British socio‐economic and political landscapes, creating widespread uncertainties, while simultaneously giving hope and national pride to millions. The decision by a number of organizations to reshore their production has opened a new era for business management that challenges the axiomatic assumption of the benefits of offshored production. Although reshoring predates Brexit, the link between the two in the British context is not just serendipitous and they are argued to have reasonable interlinkages. However, there is inadequate empirical evidence to suggest that British consumers’ attitude towards Brexit has any effect on their intention to purchase reshored brands. Through a mixed‐methods study comprising a survey of 415 respondents and 20 in‐depth interviews, this paper addresses this research gap. Findings suggest that corporate social responsibility (CSR) and consumer reshoring sentiment (CRS) have positive effects on consumers’ attitude towards reshored brands. Despite CRS's positive influence on attitude towards Brexit, the latter does not have any significant effects on the intention to purchase a reshored brand, which is positively influenced by the attitude towards the same brand. As such, companies should enhance the image of their brands and CSR in order to harness the benefits of reshoring.
“If it don't kill you, it'll take away your life”: Survival strategies and isolation in a long‐running gun conflict
Authors: Wooten Tom 
Published: October 2022

AbstractGun violence in the United States often spurs long‐running conflicts, but little is known about how individuals involved in these conflicts cope with the lingering threat of being shot. Drawing on an in‐depth ethnographic case study of one young man's long‐running gun conflict in New Orleans, as well as on interviews and fieldwork with other young men in his social network who dealt with similar conflicts, this study examines how individuals contend with direct, ongoing threats of violence targeted specifically at them. It finds that these threats can severely disrupt people's lives. When targeted individuals anticipate that their opponents will seek them out through known associations and whereabouts, people and places that were previously sources of security become newly imbued with apparent danger. Such insidious threats force targeted individuals to cut off formerly vital relationships and routines. These isolationist strategies help keep targeted individuals safe, but in the process they snuff out opportunity, stifle otherwise healthy relationships, and give rise to protracted stalemates. The findings show how the lived experience of a long‐running gun conflict can be characterized primarily by caution and defensiveness, not by going on the attack. They also reveal previously hidden social consequences of these defensive strategies.
New insights into smoking and urinary tract infections during pregnancy using pregnancy‐pair design: A population‐based register study
Authors: Wallin Hanna P. , Gissler Mika , Korhonen Päivi E. , Ekblad Mikael O. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionPregnancy itself predisposes to urinary tract infections (UTI). There appears to be a higher prevalence of infections and genitourinary diseases among pregnant smokers than among non‐smokers. The present study is a retrospective observational register study aiming to investigate whether maternal smoking is associated with the prevalence of UTIs during pregnancy by utilizing a pregnancy‐pair analysis.Material and MethodsInformation about pregnancies and maternal smoking was obtained from the Finnish Medical Birth Register. The study sample consisted of all singleton pregnancies (n = 723 433) of women giving birth between January 2006 and December 2018 in Finland. Information on maternal smoking was collected in three categories: (1) non‐smoking; (2) quit smoking during the first trimester; and (3) continued smoking throughout the pregnancy. Information about maternal UTI diagnoses during pregnancy was received from the Hospital Discharge Register and the Medical Birth Register. UTIs were categorized as lower and upper UTIs according to the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD)–10 diagnosis codes. Risks were calculated as odds ratios (OR) by logistic regression with 95% confidence intervals (CI) further adjusted for maternal characteristics (aOR). Finally, pregnancy‐pair analyses were performed: mothers who had changed smoking status (no smoking/any smoking) between consecutive pregnancies (n = 27 246 pregnancy‐pairs) were analyzed as one cluster and compared with non‐smokers.ResultsSmokers had UTIs more often compared with the non‐smokers. The association was even stronger among those who continued to smoke (aOR 1.60, 95% CI 1.51–1.70) than among those who smoked only during the first trimester (aOR 1.27, 95% CI 1.18–1.37) compared with non‐smokers. In pregnancy‐pair analysis, smoking was associated with upper UTIs during pregnancy (OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.05–2.12) compared with non‐smokers, but after the adjustments this association was attenuated (aOR 1.27, 95% CI 0.88–1.82). No association in lower UTIs was observed in the pregnancy‐pair design.ConclusionsMaternal smoking was associated with a higher prevalence of UTIs during pregnancy in the standard comparison. The observed association was fully attenuated in the pregnancy‐pair analysis, in which smoking was dichotomized. This study suggests that the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and adverse maternal health effects might be more complex than previously thought.
Lung ultrasound systematic review shows its prognostic and diagnostic role in acute viral bronchiolitis
Authors: Kogias Christos , Prountzos Spyridon , Alexopoulou Efthymia , Douros Konstantinos 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimLung ultrasound (LUS) has not been included in the current guidelines for the diagnosis of bronchiolitis so far, even though data concerning its effectiveness have been published.MethodsA systematic literature review was carried out to determine the role of LUS scores in the diagnosis and prognosis of patients aged 0–2 years with bronchiolitis, using MEDLINE, Scopus and ScienceDirect databases from their inception to December 2021.ResultsA total of 18 studies matching our eligibility criteria were analysed for the purposes of this review and 1249 patients with bronchiolitis were included. The sonographic and radiological findings were comparable and chest radiography was found to have a higher sensitivity in ruling out severe complications such as concomitant pneumonia. The LUS scores were correlated to the clinical course of bronchiolitis and it was able to predict the need of admission in paediatric intensive care unit, the duration of hospitalisation and the need for respiratory support.ConclusionThis review suggests that LUS could have both a diagnostic and a prognostic role in bronchiolitis during first evaluation in the emergency department and hospitalisation. Physicians could adjust management according to sonographic findings as a useful adjunct to the clinical ones.
Supervisors' achievement goal orientations and employees' mindfulness: Direct relationships and down‐stream behavioral consequences
Authors: Mehmood Qaiser , Hamstra Melvyn R. W. , Guzman Felipe A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis study (among 256 employees and 97 immediate supervisors) examines whether supervisors' learning goal orientation and performance goal orientation are related to employees' mindfulness and whether, in turn, mindfulness is related to employees' creativity and organisational citizenship behavior (OCB). Whereas learning goals focus on non‐judgmental learning from mistakes, performance goals emphasise impressing others and obtaining positive evaluations. Accordingly, reasoning from the perspective of socio‐cognitive theory, we proposed and found that supervisors' learning goal orientation positively relates to employee mindfulness whereas supervisors' performance goal orientation negatively relates to employee mindfulness. Given the broad cognitive and social attentional focus entailed in mindfulness, we further proposed and found that mindfulness is positively related to employees' creativity and OCB and that mindfulness mediates the relations between supervisors' goal orientations and these performance outcomes. We discuss the implications of our findings in light of (a) understanding and managing organisational factors that relate to mindfulness and (b) the implications of achievement goal orientations in leadership processes.
Value in maternal care: Using the Learning Health System to facilitate action
Authors: Callander Emily J. , Teede Helena , Enticott Joanne 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThere is an increasing need to deliver high‐value health care. Here, we discuss how value should be measured and implemented in maternity care through a Learning Health System. High‐value maternity care will produce the highest level of benefit for women at a given cost. As pregnancy is not an illness state, and there is no cure or remission to be achieved, we believe that patient‐reported outcomes should be an integral component of benefit quantification when measuring value. Furthermore, as care impacts more than just health outcomes—particularly in maternity care—there is also a need to consider patient‐reported experiences as a part of defining the level of benefit. However, to move beyond traditional narrow and passive measurement of value, we need to partner with stakeholders to identify priorities for change, identify evidence for how to achieve this change, integrate measurement activities, and promote effective implementation, in a continuous, learning cycle—a Learning Health System. A robust Framework for implementing a Learning Health System has been developed, which could be applied in maternity care.
Team identification relates to lower burnout—Emotional and instrumental support as two different social cure mechanisms
Authors: Frenzel Svenja B. , Junker Nina M. , Häusser Jan A. , Erkens Valerie A. , van Dick Rolf 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTeam identification is associated with less exhaustion and disengagement through more social support and higher collective self‐efficacy. However, previous studies did not distinguish between emotional and instrumental support, even though both forms of support may relate differently to collective self‐efficacy. By distinguishing between both support forms, we expected an indirect effect―the ‘supportive structure’ mechanism―of team identification on burnout mediated via emotional support. For a second mechanism―the ‘supportive action’ mechanism―we expected an indirect effect serially mediated by instrumental support and collective self‐efficacy. We tested our hypotheses among NT1 = 567 employees in a four‐wave study with 3‐month time lags between measurement points. Partially in line with our expectations, emotional support (T2) mediated the relation between team identification (T1) and disengagement (T4), but not emotional exhaustion (T4). Moreover, as expected, the results showed an indirect association between team identification (T1) and emotional exhaustion and disengagement (T4) via instrumental support (T2) and collective self‐efficacy (T3). Accordingly, employees benefit from both support forms but through different mechanisms. We discuss our findings and implications for future research.
Prognostic value of contralateral suppression on kidney function after surgery in patients with primary aldosteronism
Authors: Voss Nathalie , Mørup Sara , Clausen Caroline , Feltoft Claus larsen , Jepsen Jan Viberg , Hornum Mads , Andreassen Mikkel , Krogh Jesper 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground and objective: Adrenalectomy for primary aldosteronism (PA) has been associated with decreased kidney function after surgery. It has been proposed that elimination of excess aldosterone unmasks an underlying failure of the kidney function. Contralateral suppression (CLS) is considered a marker of aldosterone excess and disease severity, and the purpose of this study was to assess the hypothesis that CLS would predict change in kidney function after adrenalectomy in patients with PA. Design and patients: Patients with PA referred for adrenal venous sampling (AVS) between May 2011 and August 2021 and who were subsequently offered surgical or medical treatment were eligible for the current study. Results: A total of 138 patients were included and after AVS 85/138 (61.6%) underwent adrenalectomy while 53/138 (38.4%) were treated with MR‐antagonists. In surgically treated patients the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was reduced by 11.5 (SD: 18.5) compared to a reduction of 5.9 (SD: 11.5) in medically treated patients (p = .04). Among surgically treated patients, 59/85 (69.4%) were classified as having CLS. After adrenalectomy, patients with CLS had a mean reduction in eGFR of 17.5 (SD: 17.6) compared to an increase of 1.8 (SD: 12.8) in patients without CLS (p < .001). The association between CLS and change in kidney function remained unchanged in multivariate analysis. Post‐surgery, 16/59 (27.1%) patients with CLS developed hyperkalemia compared to 2/26 (7.7%) in patients without CLS (p = .04).Conclusion: This retrospective study found that CLS was a strong and independent predictor of a marked reduction of eGFR and an increased risk of hyperkalemia after adrenalectomy in patients with PA.
Eight‐year trends in obesity‐related complications and health care cost progression in a US population with obesity: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Evans Marc , Anupindi Vamshi Ruthwik , DeKoven Mitch , de Laguiche Elisabeth , Divino Victoria , Faurby Mads D. , Haase Christiane Lundegaard , Sommer Matthiessen Kasper , Pearson‐Stuttard Jonathan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimsObesity‐related complications (ORCs) impose a substantial health burden on affected individuals, and economic costs to health care systems. We examined ORCs and the progression of direct health care costs over 8 years, stratified by obesity class.Materials and MethodsAdults with obesity were identified in linked US medical records and administrative claims databases. The index date was the first body mass index measurement of 30 to <70 kg/m2 between 1 January 2007 and 31 March 2012; a ≥8‐year continuous enrolment post‐index was required for inclusion. Diagnosis codes for five specific ORCs and total health care costs were recorded in each year of follow‐up. Costs adjusted for clinical and demographic factors were also estimated.ResultsOf 28 583 eligible individuals, 17 892 had class I obesity, 6550 had class II obesity and 4141 had class III obesity. From baseline to year 8, the presence of type 2 diabetes and knee osteoarthritis doubled in all obesity classes, with even larger increases for chronic kidney disease and heart failure. Observed and adjusted total health care costs generally increased from the baseline year to year 8. The difference in costs between obesity classes increased over time: at year 1, individuals with class III obesity had 26.8% higher costs than those in class I, but at year 8, this difference was 40.7%. Outpatient costs constituted half of the total observed costs across obesity classes.ConclusionsORC rates and health care costs increase over time, and are greater in higher obesity classes. This could be mitigated by approaches that limit obesity progression.