bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling the artificial forest (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) root–soil water interactions in the Loess Plateau, China
Authors: Li Hongyu , Luo Yi , Sun Lin , Li Xiangdong , Ma Changkun , Wang Xiaolei , Jiang Ting , Zhu Haoyang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Plant root–soil water interactions are fundamental to vegetation–water relationships. Soil water availability and distribution impact the temporal–spatial dynamics of roots and vice versa. In the Loess Plateau (LP) of China, where semi-arid and arid climates prevail and deep
loess soil dominates, drying soil layers (DSLs) have been extensively
reported in artificial forestland. While the underlying mechanisms that cause DSLs remain unclear, they hypothetically involve root–soil water interactions. Although available root growth models are weak with respect to simulating the rooting depth, this study addresses the hypothesis of the involvement of root–soil water interactions in DSLs using a root growth model that simulates both the dynamic rooting depth and fine-root distribution, coupled with soil water, based on cost–benefit optimization. Evaluation of field data from an artificial black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) forest site in the southern LP positively proves the model's performance. Further, a long-term simulation, forced by a 50-year climatic data series with varying precipitation, was performed to examine the DSLs. The results demonstrate that incorporating the dynamic rooting depth into the current root growth models is necessary to reproduce soil drying processes. The simulations revealed that the upper boundary of the DSLs fluctuates strongly with infiltration events, whereas the lower boundary extends successively with increasing rooting depth. Most infiltration was intercepted by the top 2.0 m layer, which was the most active zone of infiltration and root water uptake. Below this, the percentages of fine roots (5.0 %) and water uptake (6.2 %) were small but caused a persistently negative water balance and consequent DSLs. Therefore, the proposed root–water interaction approach succeeded in revealing the intrinsic properties of DSLs; their persistent extension and the lack of an opportunity for recovery from the drying state may adversely affect the implementation of artificial afforestation in this region as well as in other regions with similar climates and soils.
How well are we able to close the water budget at the global scale?
Authors: Lehmann Fanny , Vishwakarma Bramha Dutt , Bamber Jonathan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract. The water budget equation describes the exchange of water between the land, ocean, and atmosphere. Being able to adequately close the water budget gives confidence in our ability to model and/or observe the spatio-temporal variations in the water cycle and its components. Due to advances in observation techniques, satellite sensors, and modelling, a number of data products are available that represent the components of water budget in both space and time. Despite these advances, closure of the water budget at the global scale has been elusive. In this study, we attempt to close the global water budget using precipitation, evapotranspiration, and runoff data at the catchment scale. The large number of recent state-of-the-art datasets provides a new evaluation of well-used datasets. These estimates are compared to terrestrial water storage (TWS) changes as measured by the Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite mission. We investigated 189 river basins covering more than 90 % of the continental land area. TWS changes derived from the water balance equation were compared against GRACE data using two metrics: the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) and the cyclostationary NSE. These metrics were used to assess the performance of more than 1600 combinations of the various datasets considered. We found a positive NSE and cyclostationary NSE in 99 % and 62 % of the basins examined respectively. This means that TWS changes reconstructed from the water balance equation were more accurate than the long-term (NSE) and monthly (cyclostationary NSE) mean of GRACE time series in the corresponding basins. By analysing different combinations of the datasets that make up the water balance, we identified data products that performed well in certain regions based on, for example, climatic zone. We identified that some of the good results were obtained due to the cancellation of errors in poor estimates of water budget components. Therefore, we used coefficients of variation to determine the relative quality of a data product, which helped us to identify bad combinations giving us good results. In general, water budget components from ERA5-Land and the Catchment Land Surface Model (CLSM) performed better than other products for most climatic zones. Conversely, the latest version of CLSM, v2.2, performed poorly for evapotranspiration in snow-dominated catchments compared, for example, with its predecessor and other datasets available. Thus, the nature of the catchment dynamics and balance between components affects the optimum combination of datasets. For regional studies, the combination of datasets that provides the most realistic TWS for a basin will depend on its climatic conditions and factors that cannot be determined a priori. We believe that the results of this study provide a road map for studying the water budget at catchment scale.
The influence of infragravity waves on the safety of coastal defences: a case study of the Dutch Wadden Sea
Authors: Lashley Christopher H. , Jonkman Sebastiaan N. , van der Meer Jentsje , Bricker Jeremy D. , Vuik Vincent 
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Many coastlines around the world are protected by dikes with shallow foreshores (e.g. salt marshes and mudflats) that attenuate storm waves and are expected to reduce the likelihood and volume of waves overtopping the dikes behind them. However, most of the studies to date that assessed their effectiveness have excluded the influence of infragravity (IG) waves, which often dominate in shallow water. Here, we propose a modular and adaptable framework to estimate the probability of coastal dike failure by overtopping waves (Pf). The influence of IG waves on overtopping is included using an empirical approach, which is first
validated against observations made during two recent storms (2015 and 2017). The framework is then applied to compare the Pf values of the dikes along the Dutch Wadden Sea coast with and without the influence of IG waves. Findings show that including IG waves results in 1.1 to 1.6 times higher Pf values, suggesting that safety is overestimated when they are neglected. This increase is attributed to the influence of the IG waves on the design wave period and, to a lesser extent, the wave height at the dike toe. The spatial variation in this effect, observed for the case considered, highlights its dependence on local conditions – with IG waves showing greater influence at locations with larger offshore waves, such as those behind tidal inlets, and shallower water depths. Finally, the change in Pf due to the IG waves varied significantly depending on the empirical wave overtopping model selected, emphasizing the importance of tools developed specifically for shallow foreshore environments.
Muhammad Mumtaz Ali - Critical Thinking: An Islamic Perspective
Authors: Abdullah (Leslie Terebessy) Abdul Karim 
Published: January 2022

This book explores ‘critical thinking’ within the context of the Islamic revivalist movement. At 169 pages, the book consists of an Introduction and five chapters. Upon closer inspection, however, the book turns out to be more of a critique of ‘modernist’, ‘moderate’, and ‘liberalist’ Muslims than an inquiry into the meaning of critical thinking from a purely Islamic perspective.
It appears that - to Ali - Islam and modernity are simply incompatible. Modernisation and Westernisation to him are two sides of the same coin. The fact that large numbers of Muslims have successfully integrated in Western societies seems to have little significance to him.
Charles Tripp, A History of Iraq
Authors: Marcinkowski Christoph 
Published: January 2022

Charles Tripp’s A History of Iraq is now in its third edition. Since 2000, when the first edition appeared, it has become a classic in Middle Eastern studies. The current edition has been updated to include the 2003 Anglo-American invasion, the fall and capture of Saddam Husayn, and the subsequent insurgency. Its author is Professor of Politics at the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS) in the University of London.
Tourism and the Halal Industry: A Global Shari'ah Perspective
Authors: Kamali Mohammad Hashim 
Published: January 2022

Upon first glance, Islamic tourism seems only to cater for the needs of millions of Muslims around the globe who are performing hajj or umrah, visiting Mecca and Medina, or the shrines of Najaf and Karbala in Iraq. Yet in many ways Islamic tourism is lagging behind more conventional forms of international tourism and has yet to realise its fuller potentials. This article addresses the shariah concepts of halal and haram and their manifestations in the halal industry and tourism in two main areas: market developments of interest to halal tourism internationally and those that have taken place in Malaysia. Other topics discussed are halal certification procedures, the role of fatwas in the determination of halal, and more generally the return of Islamic values to the market place. The final segment of this article addresses the role of custom, culture, and religion as they are manifested in the behaviour of Muslim travellers and tourists.
Asset-based vs Asset-backed Sukuk
Authors: Abdullah (Leslie Terebessy) Abdul Karim 
Published: January 2022

Sukuk are Islamic certificates of investment. They signify co-ownership of productive resources, known as the underlying assets. Because income to sukuk holders is generated by trading or real investment rather than mere lending, sukuk holders earn profit rather than interest. As co-owners of productive assets, sukuk holders face the risks of ownership. In particular, they face the risk that their assets may not generate profits or may even incur losses. They also face the risk that the assets may be damaged or destroyed completely.
Conceptions of the Political in Islamic Thought: Reconciling Legal and Philosophic Approaches to Siyasah
Authors: Hazri Tengku Ahmad 
Published: January 2022

Political societies and states may undergo constitutional transformations. However, if Islamic constitutional jurisprudence is to address adequately the problem of constitutional shifts then both classical and modern reformist juridical approaches to siyasah must be reconciled with the approach of the Muslim philosophers, in order to secure the former’s conceptual coherence when analysing shifts in constitutional structures.
Islamic Money Market: An Instrument for Managing Liquidity Risk in Islamic Banks
Authors: Muttalib Sekono Abiola 
Published: January 2022

The general consensus of financial experts is that liquidity is the lifeblood of any organisation, which is inclusive of Islamic banks. Hence, effective liquidity management is essential for the efficiency of banking institutions and the economy as a whole. The major provider of liquidity is the short-term money market instruments. Islamic financial institutions just like their conventional counterparts use short-term mobilised deposit funds to finance long-term loans and projects which expose them to asset liability mismatches and thus, are vulnerable to liquidity problems. Addressing the potential liquidity risk due to the cash-flow mismatches requires an efficient and vibrant Islamic money market as it is an essential and integral part of Islamic financial system. It therefore raises the need for developing an Islamic money market where Shari’ah-compliant financial instruments are to be traded and operated based on Shari’ah principles. Although it is considered the surest approach to sound liquidity risk management in Islamic banks, the dilemma that Islamic money markets are facing now is acute shortage of Shari’ah-compliant financial instruments and the controversies surrounding the few available instruments. A successful liquidity risk management therefore requires ensuring well functioning Islamic money markets with some if not all controversies/addressed through embarking on development of new products or promoting innovation in order to enable Islamic banks to compete effectively with their conventional counterparts. Hence, this study attempts to present a better understanding of various Islamic money market instruments, their roles in managing liquidity and their relationship with liquidity risk management.
Орнаментальные мотивы в наскальном искусстве Казахстана
Authors: Швец Ирина Николаевна 
Published: January 2022

Публикация основана на анализе материала петроглифов с местонахождений Южного и Юго-Восточного Казахстана. В работе осуществляется попытка выявления орнаментальных мотивов, являющехся состовной частью иконографии некоторых сюжетов хребта Каратау, Шу-Илейских и Жетысу Алатау. Новые открытия и высокий уровень качества публикаций последних лет по наскальному искусству Казахстана, позволяет исследователям открывать в репертуаре петроглифов не только новые сюжеты, техники исполнения, но и редчайшие в данном виде первобытного искусства знаки/символы и детали орнамента. Тема предлагаемого исследования была принципиально ограничена не только временными рамками, но и сюжетными; предложены к рассмотрению орнаментальные мотивы только на ««несущей поверхности»» будь то тело человека, корпус животного или контуры определенного предмета – оружие, музыкальный инструмент, повозка, жилище и т. д. Орнамент как отдельный образ наскального искусства, например – свастика, «колесо», меандр и окружность, исключен из данной статьи. Типология орнаментальных мотивов по базовому принципу орнаменталистики позволяет определить популярный тип декора в наскальных рисунках Южного и Юго-Восточного Казахстана эпохи палеометалла. В статье приводятся редчайшие примеры попыток датировки орнаментальных мотивов наскального искусства.
Management of Canine Y-T Humeral Fractures Using Titanium Polyaxial Locking Plates in 17 Dogs
Authors: Motta Claudio , Witte Philip , Craig Andrew 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to document the short- and medium-to-long-term outcomes and complication rates of Y-T humeral condylar fractures fixed using titanium polyaxial locking plate (T-PLP). A retrospective review was performed of the medical records and radiographs of dogs with a Y-T humeral condylar fracture treated with T-PLP at a single veterinary referral center (2012–2018). Seventeen cases met the inclusion criteria. Medium- to long-term follow-up (.6 mo) information was derived using the Liverpool Osteoarthritis in Dogs (LOAD) questionnaire. Recorded complications were catastrophic (1/17) and minor (2/17). Gait at 10–12 wk following surgery was subjectively assessed as good or excellent for 13 cases. Radiographic bone union was achieved in 7/12 cases at 4–6 wk. LOAD scores obtained a mean of 15 mo (range 6–29 mo) following surgery and indicated no or mild impairment in 15/16 and moderate functional impairment in 1. The application of T-PLP for the treatment of Y-T humeral condylar fractures resulted in adequate stabilization allowing successful fracture healing and medium- to long-term outcomes comparable to previous reports. According to results of LOAD testing, the medium- to long-term follow-up suggests that clients were aware of mild to moderate functional impairment in all cases.
EFEITO DA IDADE SOBRE O POLINÔMIO DO QUINTO GRAU PARA AFILAMENTO DE Pinus taeda L.
Authors: Téo Saulo Jorge , Esteves João Henrique 
Published: January 2022

A forma dos troncos das árvores é um importante parâmetro de qualidade e necessária para calcular e estimar o volume dos troncos das árvores, contudo varia conforme uma série de fatores, entre eles a idade das árvores. O objetivo deste estudo é demonstrar o efeito da idade sobre os parâmetros do polinômio do quinto grau e, consequentemente, sobre a forma do tronco de árvores de Pinus taeda L., visando a formulação de funções de afilamento, que podem representar troncos de diferentes formas. Os dados são provenientes de 631 árvores, com idades variando de 4 a 31 anos, de diversos povoamentos florestais na região Meio Oeste do estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Foi ajustado e testado o polinômio do quinto grau sem qualquer alteração, e com seus coeficientes expressos como função linear da idade, por meio do procedimento PROC NLIN do aplicativo computacional SAS® OnDemand for Academics. O polinômio do quinto grau, com os coeficientes e ajustados como função linear da idade, apresentou o melhor desempenho estatístico, realismo biológico e conformidade com o conhecimento teórico sobre a forma dos troncos das árvores de Pinus taeda. Dessa forma, apenas uma equação de afilamento foi capaz de estimar diâmetros ao longo do tronco de árvores de diferentes formas, com precisão e exatidão.
LITERATURA E EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL: UMA POSSIBILIDADE DE DIÁLOGO
Authors: Lima Gisele Paiva , Messa Fábio De Carvalho , Gusmão Kayan 
Published: January 2022

O presente artigo tem por objetivo apresentar uma sequência didática envolvendo práticas de leitura literária e reflexão voltadas à Educação Ambiental Crítica. A ação descrita foi desenvolvida durante as aulas de Literatura, no nono ano do Ensino Fundamental, Município de Matinhos, Litoral do Paraná, a fim de verificar a possibilidade da utilização de textos literários como instrumento pedagógico voltado à Educação Ambiental numa abordagem crítica social, dessa forma observando como os estudantes percebem as relações interpessoais e político-sociais na obra O Voluntário, de Inglês de Sousa, escritor paraense pertencente à escola literária naturalista, características temporais e regionais, confrontando-as com suas impressões sobre como se refletem no cotidiano. As atividades envolveram cinco momentos distintos: inicialmente foi apresentada a obra para apreciação individual, em seguida foram orientadas ações que promovessem a oralidade, proporcionando a reflexão e o diálogo constantes. Recortes das expressões orais e das produções escritas são descritas e analisadas ao longo do texto, no intuito de verificar os repertórios pré-existentes dos alunos e investigar possíveis ressignificações. A prática consistiu em cinco momentos divididos em 6 aulas de 45 minutos cada, na seguinte ordem: leitura inicial do conto escolhido sem contextualização, seleção de trechos significativos para os alunos, roda de conversa, confecção de painel e produção textual.Palavras-chave: relações sociais; práticas de leitura; crítica social; aprendizagem significativa.
DAS ESTRELAS QUE NÃO VEMOS: CONCEITO, FEMINISMO E POLUIÇÃO LUMINOSA
Authors: Ferreira Jamile Wayne 
Published: January 2022

O presente artigo visa debater sobre os caminhos epistemológicos do feminismo, pensando a palavra, os conceitos e significados que circundam a ideia de feminismo. Considerando que o feminismo, ao longo do tempo, foi sendo definido a partir de práticas hegemônicas e reproduzindo racionalidades, é muito importante pensar a partir de outras perspectivas. Dessa forma, como movimento educador, muitas vezes reproduz as lógicas de dominação que se entrecruzam e retroalimentam, como a lógica do capital, patriarcal e da colonialidade, o que se caracteriza pela ideia que centra o movimento feminista na experiência datada de mulheres europeias, que embora tenham sido importantes para o movimento e a teoria feminista, não são o centro da luta das mulheres. Nesse sentido, é de suma importância olhar para o céu feminista como um céu que contém estrelas que, embora existam e (re)existam, são postas à margem do firmamento, na sua historicidade, prática e conceituação. Assim, as estrelas que não enxergamos nesse céu são avistadas a partir da reflexão sobre conceito, feminismo e poluição luminosa, categorias, aqui, atravessadas pela perspectiva decolonial, na busca de compreender o feminismo além de parâmetros hegemônicos e de perceber na experiência de mulheres do Sul uma agência de luta e movimento histórico.Palavras-chave: Educação; Feminismo; Decolonialidade.
BUEN VIVIR – SUAS ORIGENS E CONSOLIDAÇÃO NA AMÉRICA DO SUL
Authors: Silva Helio Augusto Teixeira , Alves Kerley Dos Santos 
Published: January 2022

O presente artigo trata do conceito de Buen Vivir que pode ser entendido como filosofia fluida de vida originada nos povos Andinos que consagrou a natureza como sujeita de direitos na Constituição do Equador em 2008. A abordagem dessa temática buscou verificar suas nuances e expansão junto às nações na América do Sul e ainda suas críticas em relação ao progresso tecnológico da humanidade em detrimento da natureza. Por meio de uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental com análise de artigos científicos e livros e o estudo de autores como Alberto Acosta, Ferdinand Lassalle, Ronald Dworkin, Romeu Thomé, entre outros, foi avaliado o equilíbrio entre o progresso da humanidade e a preservação da natureza, de modo a compreender como o Buen Vivir tem sido incorporado na legislação brasileira. Foram analisados alguns princípios constitucionais e ambientais que se aplicam à matéria da proteção ambiental, que foram desenvolvidos e aperfeiçoados após as conferencias mundiais que trataram do meio ambiente. Ao final verificou-se que a Filosofia do Buen Vivir, também foi incorporada na Constituição brasileira e nas normas infraconstitucionais, com a criação de institutos que protegem a utilização indiscriminada dos recursos naturais, fazendo da natureza e do meio ambiente equivalentes na condição de sujeitos de direito no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro.Palavra-chave: Natureza; Legislação brasileira; Princípios constitucionais; desenvolvimento.
INTERDISCIPLINARIDADE E EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL EM PERÍODO DE ENSINO REMOTO
Authors: Feretti Vandra , Rodrigues Angela Jeane Salles , Alvim Roberta Geovanna Cavalheiro , Brock Fernando Luiz Ramos , Vaccarelli Marcos Joel , Kashiwagi Helena Midori , Bueno Roberto Eduardo , Lesama Manoel Flores 
Published: January 2022

Após um ano de pandemia da covid-19, as instituições da rede estadual de educação do Paraná mantinham o ensino remoto como forma de diminuir a disseminação do vírus, utilizando a plataforma on-line disponibilizada pela Google e suas ferramentas, possibilitando assim que o aluno mantivesse o vínculo com a escola. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste artigo foi analisar os possíveis impactos de uma prática pedagógica remota e interdisciplinar com docência compartilhada e sua contribuição em relação as concepções/ideias/conceitos que os alunos possuem sobre: ser humano e natureza, preservação das nascentes e uso da água. Os sujeitos dessa investigação foram alunos do município de Matinhos, de uma turma do 9o ano e outra da 1a série do Ensino Médio, tendo como docentes regentes dessas turmas uma professora da disciplina de Matemática e outra de Ciências. Os convidados para a docência compartilhada foram profissionais de diferentes áreas e instituições de ensino. Com uma abordagem quali-quantitativa,realizou-se uma análise comparativa, cujos dados foram coletados por meio de questionários na forma online e analisados pela técnica de Análise de Conteúdo. Após a análise percebeu-se que a partir das aulas interdisciplinares, houve variação de 4,0% para 19,0% de alunos que passaram a perceber o homem como parte da natureza. A docência compartilhada como estratégia metodológica favoreceu o diálogo, proporcionou maior dinamismo e estimulou diferentes visões sobre os assuntos abordados, destarte a ação mostrou-se relevante, contribuindo para a formação de sujeitos críticos com capacidade de argumentar e tomar decisões pertinentes sobre questões socioambientais.Palavras-chave: prática pedagógica; educação remota; ensino interdisciplinar.