bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of reliability and information quality of YouTube videos about root canal treatment after 2016
Authors: Jung Myoung-jun , Seo Min-Seock 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to assess and update the content, reliability, and information quality of content related to root canal treatment (RCTx) on YouTube and evaluate the correlation between each evaluation index.

Methods
YouTube was searched using two terms related to RCTx (“root canal and endodontic treatment”). A total of 240 videos (120 for each search term) were screened. Exclusion criteria were as follows: no sound or visuals, non-English, irrelevant to the search term, longer than 15 min, duplicate, or old (uploaded before 2016). After exclusion, 50 videos of “root canal treatment” and 45 videos of “endodontic treatment” were analyzed. Video length, total number of views, likes, dislikes, comments, and days since upload were recorded using descriptive video data. Viewers’ interaction, reliability and information quality of the video, and quality of video content were measured using nondescriptive video data. The interaction index and video power index were used for viewer interactions, and the modified DISCERN index, JAMA criteria, and Global Quality Score were used to assess the reliability and information quality of the video. The quality of the video content was measured using the completeness score.

Results
The videos of the “root canal treatment” group had a significantly higher completeness score for the etiology and symptoms (p < 0.05), and videos of the “endodontic treatment” group showed a higher interaction index, completeness score for the procedure (p < 0.05). Videos for dentists had significantly higher completeness scores for the procedure, while videos for laypersons had higher completeness scores for etiology, anatomy, symptoms, and prognosis (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the total completeness score and the interaction index of the videos for laypersons were significantly higher (p < 0.05). The videos uploaded by the university had a significantly higher modified DISCERN index (p = 0.044), and the JAMA score was significantly higher in the commercial group (p = 0.001).

Conclusions
Although the accuracy of videos related to RCTx was higher in videos by universities and professionals, the total completeness of YouTube videos was low regardless of the video source. Therefore, professionals should be responsible for providing more accurate and reliable videos.
Assessment of the informed consent process in the provision of dental care in Mulago hospital, Uganda
Authors: Nono David , Mapley Edward , Rwenyonyi Charles Mugisha , Okullo Isaac 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Informed consent is grounded in the principle of autonomy and represents patients’ right to participate in clinical decisions regarding their treatment. It is equally an ethical and legal requirement in dental care. The dental practitioner must offer appropriate information about all aspects of the treatment and ensure that a patient understands and makes an informed decision. There is limited literature on informed consent for dental care in Uganda. This study assessed patients’ comprehension of the informed consent process and dental practitioners’ practices in obtaining informed consent.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted in the Dental Outpatient Department of Mulago Hospital. Two separate questionnaires were employed to collect data from dental patients and dental practitioners, respectively. Data were entered into Epi-data, coded, and imported into STATA 14 for statistical analysis.

Results
Overall, the level of patients’ comprehension of the informed consent process was 91.1%, with 96.3% who felt the dental practitioners satisfactorily explained to them the treatment received and, 65.1% understood very well the information given to them. About 93.5% of the patients confessed that they were given other options of treatment while 98.5% consented before the dental practitioners started treatment.
Most dental practitioners 94.7% followed good clinical practices in obtaining informed consent and 98.7% gave information before initiation of treatment while 85.3% obtained consent from patients before starting any procedures. However, only 5.3% of the dental practitioners obtained written informed consent from patients.

Conclusion
There is a need to devise ways of improving patients’ understanding of the treatment information given to them to support them make better and informed decisions regarding their care. Dental practitioners need to put more emphasis on the use of written consent in dental care because documentation helps in providing accountability and protects dentists from medical litigation in case the patients were to sue them for any treatment-related complications.
“I don’t think people are ready to trust these algorithms at face value”: trust and the use of machine learning algorithms in the diagnosis of rare disease
Authors: Hallowell Nina , Badger Shirlene , Sauerbrei Aurelia , Nellåker Christoffer , Kerasidou Angeliki 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
As the use of AI becomes more pervasive, and computerised systems are used in clinical decision-making, the role of trust in, and the trustworthiness of, AI tools will need to be addressed. Using the case of computational phenotyping to support the diagnosis of rare disease in dysmorphology, this paper explores under what conditions we could place trust in medical AI tools, which employ machine learning.

Methods
Semi-structured qualitative interviews (n = 20) with stakeholders (clinical geneticists, data scientists, bioinformaticians, industry and patient support group spokespersons) who design and/or work with computational phenotyping (CP) systems. The method of constant comparison was used to analyse the interview data.

Results
Interviewees emphasized the importance of establishing trust in the use of CP technology in identifying rare diseases. Trust was formulated in two interrelated ways in these data. First, interviewees talked about the importance of using CP tools within the context of a trust relationship; arguing that patients will need to trust clinicians who use AI tools and that clinicians will need to trust AI developers, if they are to adopt this technology. Second, they described a need to establish trust in the technology itself, or in the knowledge it provides—epistemic trust. Interviewees suggested CP tools used for the diagnosis of rare diseases might be perceived as more trustworthy if the user is able to vouchsafe for the technology’s reliability and accuracy and the person using/developing them is trusted.

Conclusion
This study suggests we need to take deliberate and meticulous steps to design reliable or confidence-worthy AI systems for use in healthcare. In addition, we need to devise reliable or confidence-worthy processes that would give rise to reliable systems; these could take the form of RCTs and/or systems of accountability transparency and responsibility that would signify the epistemic trustworthiness of these tools. words 294.
Italian law n. 219/2017 on consent and advance directives: survey among Ethics Committees on their involvement and possible role
Authors: Porteri Corinna , Ienco Giulia , Turla Edda Mariaelisa , Petrini Carlo , Pasqualetti Patrizio 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
On December 2017 the Italian Parliament approved law n. 219/2017 “Provisions for informed consent and advance directives” regarding challenging legal and bioethical issues related to healthcare decisions and end-of-life choices. The law does not contain an explicit reference to Ethics Committees (ECs), but they could still play a role in implementing the law.

Methods
A questionnaire-based survey was performed among the ECs of the Italian Institute for Research and Care belonging to the Network of neuroscience and neurorehabilitation, with the aim of (1) knowing whether the ECs participated and, if so, how in the process of implementation of law n. 219/2017 in the referring institutes; (2) investigating the point of view of the ECs regarding their possible involvement in the process; (3) exploring the contribution ECs can provide to give effective implementation to the law principles and provisions.

Results
Seventeen ECs out of thirty took part in the survey; the characteristics of the responding and non-responding committees are similar, so the responding ECs can be regarded as representative of all ECs in the Network. Nine ECs did not discuss the law in anyway: the main reason for this is that the referring institutions (6) and the health care professionals (3) did not ask for an EC intervention. Nevertheless, the large majority of the ECs believe that their involvement in the implementation of the law as a whole is appropriate (8) or absolutely appropriate (6), while 3 of them are neutral. No EC believes that the involvement is inappropriate. The aspect of the law on which the 14 ECs converge in considering the EC involvement appropriate/absolutely appropriate is the one related to the health facilities obligation to guarantee the full and proper implementation of the principles of the law.

Conclusions
Our survey confirms that ECs believe they can play a role in the implementation of law n. 219/2017, although this does not entirely correspond to what the committees have actually done in reality. This role could be better exercised by ECs specifically established for clinical practice, which would have a composition, functioning and a mandate better suited to the purpose. This supports the call for a national regulation of ECs for clinical practice.
From nanoparticles to crystals: one-pot programmable biosynthesis of photothermal gold structures and their use for biomedical applications
Authors: Nudelman Roman , Alhmoud Hashim , Delalat Bahman , Kaur Ishdeep , Vitkin Anastasia , Bourgeois Laure , Goldfarb Ilan , Cifuentes-Rius Anna , Voelcker Nicolas H. , Richter Shachar 
Published: November 2022

AbstractInspired by nature, green chemistry uses various biomolecules, such as proteins, as reducing agents to synthesize metallic nanostructures. This methodology provides an alternative route to conventional harsh synthetic processes, which include polluting chemicals. Tuning the resulting nanostructure properties, such as their size and shape, is challenging as the exact mechanism involved in their formation is still not well understood. This work reports a well-controlled method to program gold nanostructures' shape, size, and aggregation state using only one protein type, mucin, as a reduction and capping material in a one-pot bio-assisted reaction. Using mucin as a gold reduction template while varying its tertiary structure via the pH of the synthesis, we demonstrate that spherical, coral-shaped, and hexagonal gold crystals can be obtained and that the size can be tuned over three orders of magnitude. This is achieved by leveraging the protein's intrinsic reducing properties and pH-induced conformational changes. The systematic study of the reaction kinetics and growth steps developed here provides an understanding of the mechanism behind this phenomenon. We further show that the prepared gold nanostructures exhibit tunable photothermal properties that can be optimized for various hyperthermia-induced antibacterial applications.
Bone marrow-targetable Green Tea Catechin-Based Micellar Nanocomplex for synergistic therapy of Acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Bae Ki Hyun , Lai Fritz , Mong Jamie , Niibori-Nambu Akiko , Chan Kiat Hwa , Her Zhisheng , Osato Motomi , Tan Min-Han , Chen Qingfeng , Kurisawa Motoichi 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Currently available anti-leukemia drugs have shown limited success in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) due to their poor access to bone marrow niche supporting leukemic cell proliferation.

Results
Herein, we report a bone marrow-targetable green tea catechin-based micellar nanocomplex for synergistic AML therapy. The nanocomplex was found to synergistically amplify the anti-leukemic potency of sorafenib via selective disruption of pro-survival mTOR signaling. In vivo biodistribution study demonstrated about 11-fold greater bone marrow accumulation of the nanocomplex compared to free sorafenib. In AML patient-derived xenograft (AML-PDX) mouse model, administration of the nanocomplex effectively eradicated bone marrow-residing leukemic blasts and improved survival rates without noticeable off-target toxicity.

Conclusion
This study may provide insights into the rational design of nanomedicine platforms enabling bone marrow-targeted delivery of therapeutic agents for the treatment of AML and other bone marrow diseases.

Graphical Abstract
Economic evaluation of infliximab, synthetic triple therapy and methotrexate in the treatment of newly diagnosed juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: Tarkiainen Maarit , Tynjälä Pirjo , Vähäsalo Paula , Aalto Kristiina , Kröger Liisa , Rebane Katariina , Lahdenne Pekka , Martikainen Janne 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundEvaluation of costs and short-term cost-effectiveness of infliximab plus methotrexate (IFX + MTX); triple therapy of hydroxychloquine, sulphasalazine, and methotrexate (TRIPLE); or methotrexate monotherapy (MTX) in patients with new-onset polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).MethodsIn a prospective multicenter study (ACUTE-JIA), costs and health outcomes of 60 randomized patients with new-onset disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD)-naïve polyarticular JIA were analyzed during the first year. A mapping algorithm was used to obtain utility values from Child Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ). Wallace criteriae were used to assess clinically inactive disease (CID). Linear regression with non-parametric bootstrapping was used to adjust imbalances at baseline.ResultsUsing prices for IFX biosimilar, adjusted annual mean (SD) costs of treatment (€) were 21,164 (4158), 12,136 (5286), and 18,300 (8635) on IFX + MTX, TRIPLE, and MTX, respectively. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) for IFX + MTX as compared with TRIPLE or MTX were 3442 € or 678 € per additional month spent in CID. Mean (SD) quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) for IFX + MTX, TRIPLE and MTX were 0.755 (0.065), 0.725 (0.062), and 0.686 (0.124). ICER for IFX + MTX vs TRIPLE was 294,433 €, and for IFX + MTX vs MTX 31,435 € per QALY gained.ConclusionsIn short-term, biosimilar IFX + MTX can be considered cost-effective when compared with MTX alone. TRIPLE was cost-effective when compared with MTX and showed cost advantage when compared with IFX + MTX. Cost per time spent in CID showed similar results than ICER evaluations.Trial registrationThis trial was primarily registered with the Ethical Board of Helsinki District University Hospital (https://www.hus.fi), clinical trial number 211864, and later with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01015547.
Pulmonary manifestations of childhood-onset primary Sjogren’s syndrome (SS) masquerading as reactive airways disease in a male patient and review of interstitial lung disease associated with SS
Authors: Bartholomeo Adam , Aujla Shean , Eklund Meryle , Kerrigan Cheryl , Riemer Ellen , Gilbert Mileka 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Sjogren’s syndrome (SS) is a rare chronic autoimmune disease involving exocrine glands presenting with sicca syndrome, recurrent parotitis and other extraglandular stigmata. SS is well characterized in the adult population with classification criteria; however, primary SS presenting in childhood is poorly defined and rare in males. Recurrent parotitis is the most common presenting symptom in children with primary SS; however, clinical phenotype in children appears more variable than in adults. The lungs are a common extraglandular location for manifestations of primary SS. However, interstitial lung disease (ILD) is rare in children with primary SS. There are only four published reports of ILD associated with primary SS in female children. Here, we present a very rare case of primary SS in a pediatric male with pulmonary manifestations and review of the literature on ILD in childhood-onset primary SS.

Case presentation
A 14-year-old White male with a history of chronic severe asthma, recurrent parotitis and idiopathic intracranial hypertension was referred to pediatric rheumatology for evaluation of a positive ANA. In early childhood, he was diagnosed with persistent asthma recalcitrant to therapy. At age 8, he developed recurrent episodes of bilateral parotitis despite multiple treatments with sialoendoscopy. At age 14, respiratory symptoms significantly worsened prompting reevaluation. Lab workup was notable for positive ANA and Sjogren’s Syndrome A and B antibodies. Pulmonary function tests showed only a mild obstructive process. Computed tomography of chest was significant for small airway disease, and lung biopsy was positive for mild interstitial lymphocytic inflammation presenting a conflicting picture for ILD. The constellation of findings led to the diagnosis of primary SS with associated pulmonary manifestations. He was treated with hydroxychloroquine, mycophenolate mofetil and oral corticosteroids with resolution of symptoms.

Conclusions
Primary SS is a rare disease in the pediatric population that is poorly characterized. This case is the very rare presentation of childhood-onset primary SS with pulmonary manifestations in a male patient. ILD associated with primary SS is also very rare with only four pediatric patients reported in the literature. Collaborative effort is needed to develop pediatric specific diagnostic and treatment guidelines in this rare condition.
Viral load testing among pregnant women living with HIV in Mutare district of Manicaland province, Zimbabwe
Authors: Musanhu Christine Chiedza Chakanyuka , Takarinda Kudakwashe C. , Shea Jawaya , Chitsike Inam , Eley Brian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundViral load (VL) monitoring of pregnant women living with HIV (PWLHIV) and antiretroviral therapy (ART) may contribute to lowering the risk of vertical transmission of HIV. The aims of this study were to assess the uptake of HIV VL testing among PWLHIV at entry to the prevention-of-mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) services and identify facilitatory factors and barriers to HIV VL access.MethodsA retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted at 15 health facilities in Mutare district, Manicaland Province, Zimbabwe from January to December 2018. This analysis was complemented by prospective interviews with PWLHIV and health care providers between October 2019 and March 2020. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods. Risk factors were evaluated using multivariate logistic regression. Open-ended questions were analysed and recurring and shared experiences and perceptions of PWLHIV and health care providers identified.ResultsAmong 383 PWLHIV, enrolled in antenatal care (ANC) and receiving ART, only 121 (31.6%) had a VL sample collected and 106 (88%) received their results.Among these 106 women, 93 (87.7%) had a VL < 1000 copies/mL and 77 (73%) a VL < 50 copies/mL. The overall median duration from ANC booking to VL sample collection was 87 (IQR, 7–215) days. The median time interval for the return of VL results from date of sample collection was 14 days (IQR, 7–30). There was no significant difference when this variable was stratified by time of ART initiation. VL samples were significantly less likely to be collected at local authority compared to government facilities (aOR = 0.28; 95% CI 0.16–0.48). Barriers to VL testing included staff shortages, non-availability of consumables and sub-optimal sample transportation. Turnaround time was prolonged by the manual results feedback system.Conclusions and recommendationThe low rate of HIV VL testing among PWLHIV in Mutare district is a cause for concern. To reverse this situation, the Ministry of Health should consider interventions such as disseminating antiretroviral guidelines and policies electronically, conducting regular PMTCT mentorship for clinical staff members, and utilising point of care testing and telecommunication devices like mHealth to increase uptake of VL testing and improve results turnaround time.
Application of C2 subfacetal screws for the management of atlantoaxial dislocation in patients with Klippel-Feil syndrome characterized by a narrow C2 pedicle and high-riding vertebral artery
Authors: Hou Zhe , Jian Qiang , Fan Wayne , Zhao Xingang , Wang Yinqian , Fan Tao 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Objective
This study aims to investigate the clinical application and feasibility of C2 subfacetal screws in patients with Klippel-Feil syndrome (KFS), narrow C2 pedicles, and high-riding vertebral arteries (HRVAs).

Methods
The clinical data of seven patients with KFS, atlantoaxial dislocation, narrow C2 pedicles, and HRVAs treated with C2 subfacetal screws were analyzed in this retrospective study. The internal height, isthmus height, and pedicle width of C2 vertebra were measured using preoperative computed tomography (CT). Subfacetal screws were inserted for 7 patients (12 sides). The position and length of the screws were observed using postoperative CT. Intraoperative dura mater and vertebral artery (VA) injuries were recorded. Bone fusion was observed using follow-up CT.

Results
The internal height was 10.5 ± 3.2 mm, the isthmus height was 3.7 ± 1.8 mm, the pedicle width was 3.0 ± 1.4 mm, and the screw length was 19.7 ± 1.5 mm. All patients had HRVAs and narrow pedicles. No injury to the dura mater and vertebral artery (VA) occurred in this group of patients. Bone fusion was achieved in all patients during follow-up.

Conclusions
In patients with KFS, HRVA, and a narrow C2 pedicle, there is sufficient space below the C2 articular surface for screw insertion. When the pedicle is narrow and the C2 pedicle screw is not suitable for placement due to possible injury to the VA, subfacetal screws are a feasible alternative.