bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polyethylene‐Derived Activated Carbon Materials for Commercially Available Supercapacitor in an Organic Electrolyte System
Authors: Yang Inchan , Mok Ji Hye , Jung Meenkyoung , Yoo Jihoon , Kim Myung‐Soo , Choi Dalsu , Jung Ji Chul 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHigh‐performance supercapacitors based on activated carbons (AC) derived from polyethylene (PE), which is one of the most abundant plastic materials worldwide, are fabricated. First, PE carbons (PEC) are prepared via sulfonation, which is a reported solution for successful carbonization of innately non‐carbonizable PE. Then, the physico‐electrical changes of PECs upon a chemical activation process are explored. Interestingly, upon the chemical activation, PECs are converted ACs with a large surface area and high crystallinity at the same time. Subsequently, PE‐derived ACs (PEAC) are exploited as electrode materials for supercapacitors. Resultant supercapacitors based on PEACs exhibit impressive performance. When compared to supercapacitors based on YP50f, representative commercial ACs, devices using PEACs presented considerably good capacitance, low resistance, and great rate capability. Specifically, the retention rate of devices using PEACs is significantly higher than that of YP50f‐based devices. At the high rate of charge−discharge situation reaching 7 A g−1, the capacitance of supercapacitors using PEACs is ≈70% higher than that of YP50f‐based devices. It is assumed that the carbon structure accompanying both large surface area and high conductivity endows a great electrochemical performance at the high current operating conditions. Therefore, it is envisioned that PE may be a viable candidate electrode material for commercially available supercapacitors.
Clinical and genetic characterization of three Russian patients with pycnodysostosis due to pathogenic variants in the CTSK gene
Authors: Markova Tatiana Vladimirovna , Kenis Vladimir , Melchenko Evgeniy , Guseva Darya , Osipova Darya , Galeeva Nailya , Nagornova Tatiana , Dadali Elena Leonidovna 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundPycnodysostosis (PD, OMIM # 265800) is a rare variant of skeletal dysplasia with an autosomal recessive type of inheritance, characterized by a combination of specific features such as disproportionate nanism, generalized osteosclerosis, and distinct craniofacial dysmorphism. Radiographic features include acro‐osteolysis of the distal phalanges in association with sclerosing bone lesions with multiple fractures. The polymorphism of the clinical manifestations of pycnodysostosis and low prevalence of the disorder lead to the difficulties with early.MethodsThe following tests were used for diagnostics: genealogical analysis, clinical examination, neurological examination according to the standard method with an assessment of the psychoemotional sphere, radiological analysis, searching for pathogenic variants in the CTSK gene by the automated Sanger sequencing.ResultsWe describe first clinical and genetic characteristics of three Russian patients with pycnodysostosis from unrelated families. Two patients have a novel homozygous nucleotide substitution c.746T>A (p. Ile249Asn), and one has a previously described homozygous pathogenic variant c.746T>C (p.Ile249Thr) in the CTSK gene. In all three cases, a transition or transversion was found at nucleotide position 746 in exon 6 of the CTSK gene, leading to two different amino acid substitutions in the polypeptide chain. The obtained results may indicate the presence of a major pathogenic variant in the CTSK gene, leading to the typical manifestation of the disease.ConclusionThe data presented in the study enlarge the clinical, radiological, and mutational spectrum of pycnodysostosis. Typical clinical manifestations and the small size of the CTSK gene make the automated Sanger sequencing the optimal method for diagnosis of pycnodysostosis.
Heat management of a compact x‐ray source for microbeam radiotherapy and FLASH treatments
Authors: Winter Johanna , Dimroth Anton , Roetzer Sebastian , Zhang Yunzhe , Krämer Karl‐Ludwig , Petrich Christian , Matejcek Christoph , Aulenbacher Kurt , Zimmermann Markus , Combs Stephanie E. , Galek Marek , Natour Ghaleb , Butzek Michael , Wilkens Jan J. , Bartzsch Stefan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundMicrobeam and x‐ray FLASH radiation therapy are innovative concepts that promise reduced normal tissue toxicity in radiation oncology without compromising tumor control. However, currently only large third‐generation synchrotrons deliver acceptable x‐ray beam qualities and there is a need for compact, hospital‐based radiation sources to facilitate clinical translation of these novel treatment strategies.PurposeWe are currently setting up the first prototype of a line‐focus x‐ray tube (LFxT), a promising technology that may deliver ultra‐high dose rates (UHDRs) of more than 100 Gy/s from a table‐top source. The operation of the source in the heat capacity limit allows very high dose rates with micrometer‐sized focal spot widths. Here, we investigate concepts of effective heat management for the LFxT, a prerequisite for the performance of the source.MethodsFor different focal spot widths, we investigated the temperature increase numerically with Monte Carlo simulations and finite element analysis (FEA). We benchmarked the temperature and thermal stresses at the focal spot against a commercial x‐ray tube with similar power characteristics. We assessed thermal loads at the vacuum chamber housing caused by scattering electrons in Monte Carlo simulations and FEA. Further, we discuss active cooling strategies and present a design of the rotating target.ResultsConventional focal spot widths led to a temperature increase dominated by heat conduction, while very narrow focal spots led to a temperature increase dominated by the heat capacity of the target material. Due to operation in the heat capacity limit, the temperature increase at the focal spot was lower than for the investigated commercial x‐ray tube. Hence, the thermal stress at the focal spot of the LFxT was considered uncritical. The target shaft and the vacuum chamber housing require active cooling to withstand the high heat loads.ConclusionsThe heat capacity limit allows very high power densities at the focal spot of the LFxT and thus facilitates very high dose rates. Numerical simulations demonstrated that the heat load imparted by scattering electrons requires active cooling.
Embryonic Metabolic Rate Does Not Predict Subsequent Growth Performance or Thermal Tolerance of Juvenile Rainbow Trout but May Be Related to Antimicrobial Peptide Expression
Authors: Trushenski Jesse T. , Monson Christopher , Casadei Elisa , Bowker James D. , Nepper Sean 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A study involving duplicate experimental trials was conducted to determine whether differences in embryonic metabolic rate were associated with differences in growth performance, thermal tolerance, and expression of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Fertilized eggs were screened using a quantitative resazurin-based assay to identify those in the top and bottom 18% of observed metabolic rates for subsequent evaluation. After hatch and 14 (trial 1) or 10 (trial 2) weeks of rearing, no differences in survival (trial 1 = 93–95%; trial 2 = 96–97%), weight gain (trial 1 = 10,315–10,889%; trial 2 = 2,218–2,225%), specific growth rate (trial 1 = 4.74–4.79% body weight/d; trial 2 = 4.55–4.56% body weight/d), feed conversion ratio (trial 1 = 1.06; trial 2 = 0.85–0.86), feed intake (trial 1 = 10.89–11.23% body weight/d; trial 2 = 5.71–5.75% body weight/d), or critical thermal maxima (trial 1 = 26.8–27.0°C; trial 2 = 28.3–28.5°C) were observed between fish with high versus low embryonic metabolic rates. Beta defensins omDB-1, omDB-3, and omDB-4 were up-regulated in thermally challenged low-metabolic-rate fish, whereas these AMPs were down-regulated in high-metabolic-rate fish. Our results indicate that embryonic metabolic rate is not a useful metric for predicting juvenile survival, growth performance, or thermal tolerance of domesticated Rainbow Trout, though there may be a relationship between metabolic rate and AMP expression.
Energy requirements for critically ill patients with COVID‐19
Authors: Burslem Ryan , Gottesman Kimberly , Newkirk Melanie , Ziegler Jane 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEarly reports suggested that predictive equations significantly underestimate the energy requirements of critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) based on the results of indirect calorimetry (IC) measurements. IC is the gold standard for measuring energy expenditure in critically ill patients. However, IC is not available in many institutions. If predictive equations significantly underestimate energy requirements in severe COVID‐19, this increases the risk of underfeeding and malnutrition, which is associated with poorer clinical outcomes. As such, the purpose of this narrative review is to summarize and synthesize evidence comparing measured resting energy expenditure via IC with predicted resting energy expenditure determined via commonly used predictive equations in adult critically ill patients with COVID‐19. Five articles met the inclusion criteria for this review. Their results suggest that many critically ill patients with COVID‐19 are in a hypermetabolic state, which is underestimated by commonly used predictive equations in the intensive care unit (ICU) setting. In nonobese patients, energy expenditure appears to progressively increase over the course of ICU admission, peaking at week 3. The metabolic response pattern in patients with obesity is unclear because of conflicting findings. Based on limited evidence published thus far, the most accurate predictive equations appear to be the Penn State equations; however, they still had poor individual accuracy overall, which increases the risk of underfeeding or overfeeding and, as such, renders the equations an unsuitable alternative to IC.
Predictors of thrombosis in children receiving therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Results from Dana‐Farber Cancer Institute ALL Consortium trial 05‐001
Authors: Athale Uma H. , Flamand Yael , Blonquist Traci , Stevenson Kristen E. , Spira Menachem , Asselin Barbara L. , Clavell Luis A. , Cole Peter D. , Kelly Kara M. , Laverdiere Caroline , Leclerc Jean‐Marie , Michon Bruno , Schorin Marshall A. , Welch Jennifer J.G. , Harris Marian H. , Neuberg Donna S. , Sallan Stephen E. , Silverman Lewis B. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground/objectivesAlthough thromboembolism (TE) is a serious complication in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), thromboprophylaxis is not commonly used due to the inherent bleeding risk in this population. Identifying prothrombotic risk factors will help target thromboprophylaxis to those at highest thrombotic risk. We aimed to define predictors and the impact of TE on ALL outcome in children (1‐18 years) treated on the Dana‐Farber Cancer Institute ALL 05‐001 trial.MethodsClinical and laboratory data including TE events were prospectively collected. PCR‐based allelic discrimination assay identified single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) for prothrombin G20210A (rs1799963) and Factor V G1691A (rs6025). Univariate and multivariable competing risk regression models evaluated the effect of diagnostic clinical (age, sex, body mass index, ALL‐immunophenotype, risk group) and laboratory variables (presenting leukocyte count, blood group, SNPs) on the cumulative incidence of TE. Cox regression modeling explored the impact of TE on survival.ResultsOf 794 patients [median age 4.97 (range, 1.04‐17.96) years; males 441], 100 developed TE; 25‐month cumulative incidence 13.0% (95% CI, 10.7%‐15.5%). Univariate analyses identified older age (≥10 years), presenting leucocyte count, T‐ALL, high‐risk ALL, and non‐O blood group as risk factors. Age and non‐O blood group were independent predictors of TE on multivariable regression; the blood group impact being most evident in patients 1‐5 years of age (P = 0.011). TE did not impact survival. Induction TE was independently associated with induction failure (OR 6.45; 95% CI, 1.64‐25.47; P = 0.008).ConclusionWe recommend further evaluation of these risk factors and consideration of thromboprophylaxis for patients ≥10 years (especially those ≥15 years) when receiving asparaginase.
Characteristics of white blood cell count in acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A COST LEGEND phenotype–genotype study
Authors: Helenius Marianne , Vaitkeviciene Goda , Abrahamsson Jonas , Jonsson Ólafur Gisli , Lund Bendik , Harila‐Saari Arja , Vettenranta Kim , Mikkel Sirje , Stanulla Martin , Lopez‐Lopez Elixabet , Waanders Esmé , Madsen Hans O. , Marquart Hanne Vibeke , Modvig Signe , Gupta Ramneek , Schmiegelow Kjeld , Nielsen Rikke Linnemann 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundWhite blood cell count (WBC) as a measure of extramedullary leukemic cell survival is a well‐known prognostic factor in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), but its biology, including impact of host genome variants, is poorly understood.MethodsWe included patients treated with the Nordic Society of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology (NOPHO) ALL‐2008 protocol (N = 2347, 72% were genotyped by Illumina Omni2.5exome‐8‐Bead chip) aged 1–45 years, diagnosed with B‐cell precursor (BCP‐) or T‐cell ALL (T‐ALL) to investigate the variation in WBC. Spline functions of WBC were fitted correcting for association with age across ALL subgroups of immunophenotypes and karyotypes. The residuals between spline WBC and actual WBC were used to identify WBC‐associated germline genetic variants in a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) while adjusting for age and ALL subtype associations.ResultsWe observed an overall inverse correlation between age and WBC, which was stronger for the selected patient subgroups of immunophenotype and karyotypes (ρBCP‐ALL = −.17, ρT‐ALL = −.19; p < 3 × 10−4). Spline functions fitted to age, immunophenotype, and karyotype explained WBC variation better than age alone (ρ = .43, p << 2 × 10−6). However, when the spline‐adjusted WBC residuals were used as phenotype, no GWAS significant associations were found. Based on available annotation, the top 50 genetic variants suggested effects on signal transduction, translation initiation, cell development, and proliferation.ConclusionThese results indicate that host genome variants do not strongly influence WBC across ALL subsets, and future studies of why some patients are more prone to hyperleukocytosis should be performed within specific ALL subsets that apply more complex analyses to capture potential germline variant interactions and impact on WBC.
Upregulation of cadherin‐11 contributes to cholestatic liver fibrosis
Authors: Wu Bo , Tian Xinbei , Wang Weipeng , Zhu Jing , Lu Ying , Du Jun , Xiao Yongtao 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTImportanceCadherin‐11 (CDH11), a cell‐to‐cell adhesion molecule, is implicated in the fibrotic process of several organs. Biliary atresia (BA) is a common cholestatic liver disease featuring cholestasis and progressive liver fibrosis in children. Cholestatic liver fibrosis may progress to liver cirrhosis and lacks effective therapeutic strategies. Currently, the role of CDH11 in cholestatic liver fibrosis remains unclear.ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the functions of CDH11 in cholestatic liver fibrosis.MethodsThe expression of CDH11 in BA livers was evaluated by database analysis and immunostaining. Seven BA liver samples were used for immunostaining. The wild type (Wt) and CDH11 knockout (CDH11–/–) mice were subjected to bile duct ligation (BDL) to induce cholestatic liver fibrosis. The serum biochemical analysis, liver histology, and western blotting were used to assess the extent of liver injury and fibrosis as well as activation of transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β)/Smad pathway. The effect of CDH11 on the activation of hepatic stellate cell line LX‐2 cells was investigated.ResultsAnalysis of public RNA‐seq datasets showed that CDH11 expression levels were significantly increased in livers of BA, and CDH11 was correlated with liver fibrosis in BA. BDL‐induced liver injury and liver fibrosis were attenuated in CDH11–/– mice compared to Wt mice. The protein expression levels of phosphorylated Smad2/3 were decreased in livers of CDH11–/– BDL mice compared to Wt BDL mice. CDH11 knockdown inhibited the activation of LX‐2 cells.InterpretationCDH11 plays an important role in cholestatic liver fibrosis and may represent a potential therapeutic target for cholestatic liver disease, such as BA.
Distributed neuroadaptive monitoring fault‐tolerant consensus control for nonlinear multi‐agent systems with actuator faults
Authors: Ma Xiaoshan , Yang Lin , Ma Linru , Yang Feng , Dong Wenhan , Zhang Long , Jin Ming , Lin Yan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article proposes a distributed neuroadaptive monitoring fault‐tolerant consensus control scheme for a class of uncertain, nonlinear, strict feedback multi‐agent systems which have actuator faults and all the control coefficients in them are unknown. This scheme provides each agent with a local monitor combined with the actuator switching to solve actuator failure. Simultaneously, it guarantees the tracking error satisfies the prescribed transient and steady‐state performance, even if there exist actuators switching. Furthermore, the time varying asymmetric Barrier Lyapunov function (BLF) and the auxiliary system are used to analyze input and output constraints' influence. Under the action of aforementioned control scheme, closed‐loop systems can be stable and semiglobal uniform boundedness. Additionally, its efficacy can be proved in numerical simulation.
Challenge and Strategies in Room Temperature Sodium–Sulfur Batteries: A Comparison with Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Lin Liang , Zhang Chengkun , Huang Youzhang , Zhuang Yangping , Fan Mengjian , Lin Jie , Wang Laisen , Xie Qingshui , Peng Dong‐Liang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMetal–sulfur batteries exhibit great potential as next‐generation rechargeable batteries due to the low sulfur cost and high theoretical energy density. Sodium–sulfur (Na–S) batteries present higher feasibility of long‐term development than lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries in technoeconomic and geopolitical terms. Both lithium and sodium are alkali metal elements with body‐centered cubic structures, leading to similar physical and chemical properties and exposing similar issues when employed as the anode in metal–sulfur batteries. Indeed, some inspiration for mechanism researches and strategies in Na–S systems comes from the more mature Li–S systems. However, the dissimilarities in microscopic characteristics determine that Na–S is not a direct Li–S analogue. Herein, the daunting challenges derived by the differences of fundamental characteristics in Na–S and Li–S systems are discussed. And the corresponding strategies in Na–S batteries are reviewed. Finally, general conclusions and perspectives toward the research direction are presented based on the dissimilarities between both systems. This review attempts to provide important insights to facilitate the assimilation of the available knowledge on Li–S systems for accelerating the development of Na–S batteries on the basis of their dissimilarities.
Deep Learning‐Assisted Automated Single Cell Electroporation Platform for Effective Genetic Manipulation of Hard‐to‐Transfect Cells
Authors: Mukherjee Prithvijit , Patino Cesar A. , Pathak Nibir , Lemaitre Vincent , Espinosa Horacio D. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGenome engineering of cells using CRISPR/Cas systems has opened new avenues for pharmacological screening and investigating the molecular mechanisms of disease. A critical step in many such studies is the intracellular delivery of the gene editing machinery and the subsequent manipulation of cells. However, these workflows often involve processes such as bulk electroporation for intracellular delivery and fluorescence activated cell sorting for cell isolation that can be harsh to sensitive cell types such as human‐induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). This often leads to poor viability and low overall efficacy, requiring the use of large starting samples. In this work, a fully automated version of the nanofountain probe electroporation (NFP‐E) system, a nanopipette‐based single‐cell electroporation method is presented that provides superior cell viability and efficiency compared to traditional methods. The automated system utilizes a deep convolutional network to identify cell locations and a cell‐nanopipette contact algorithm to position the nanopipette over each cell for the application of electroporation pulses. The automated NFP‐E is combined with microconfinement arrays for cell isolation to demonstrate a workflow that can be used for CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing and cell tracking with potential applications in screening studies and isogenic cell line generation.
Biuret Induced Tin‐Anchoring and Crystallization‐Regulating for Efficient Lead‐Free Tin Halide Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Jia Haoran , Shi Hongfei , Yu Runnan , Ma Huanyu , Wang Zhibin , Zou Chao , Tan Zhan'ao 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLead‐free perovskite emitters, particularly 2D tin (Sn) halide perovskites, have attracted considerable academic attention in recent years. However, the problems of Sn oxidation and rapid crystallization lead to an inferior perovskite morphology with high trap states, thus limiting the luminous efficiency of Sn halide perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs). In this study, the authors establish an approach by introducing an organic additive, 2–imidodicarbonic diamide (biuret), to address the issues of Sn oxidation and fast crystallization. The unique symmetrical carbonyl groups in the biuret robustly interact with the Sn‐I framework, providing a strong Sn‐anchoring effect. Consequently, it also suppresses the easy oxidation of Sn2+, regulating the crystallization process simultaneously. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations also confirmed the robust interaction between the biuret and the 2D Sn halide perovskite. Furthermore, the authors demonstrate efficient PeLEDs with saturated red emission at 637 nm, a maximum luminance (Lmax) of 418 cd m−2, a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of 1.37%, and a half‐life (T50) of 288 s. This work provides insights on the microcosmic chemical interaction between organics and 2D Sn halide perovskites, advancing the development of efficient lead‐free PeLEDs.