bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three‐Dimensional Atomic‐Scale Tomography of Buried Semiconductor Heterointerfaces
Authors: Koelling Sebastian , Stehouwer Lucas E. A. , Paquelet Wuetz Brian , Scappucci Giordano , Moutanabbir Oussama 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAtom probes generate three‐dimensional atomic‐scale tomographies of material volumes corresponding to the size of modern‐day solid‐state devices. Here, the capabilities of atom probe tomography are evaluated to analyze buried interfaces in semiconductor heterostructures relevant for electronic and quantum devices. Employing brute‐force search, the current dominant reconstruction protocol to generate tomographic three‐dimensional images from Atom Probe data is advanced to its limits. Using Si/SiGe heterostructure for qubits as a model system, the authors show that it is possible to extract interface properties like roughness and width that agree with transmission electron microscopy observations on the sub‐nanometer scale in an automated and highly reproducible manner. The demonstrated approach is a versatile method for atomic‐scale characterization of buried interfaces in semiconductor heterostructures.
Multi‐Stimuli Responsive Thiazolothiazole Viologen‐Containing Poly(2‐Isopropyl‐2‐Oxazoline) and Its Multi‐Modal Thermochromism, Photochromism, Electrochromism, and Solvatofluorochromism Applications
Authors: Rathod Pramod V. , Puguan John Marc C. , Kim Hern 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSmart materials are highly desirable over the recent decade due to the growing demand on complicated nature. Smart materials with stable stimuli‐responsive properties are widely applied in sensors, smart windows, displays, and chemical valves, but they are relatively rare. Most of the current chromic materials are triggered by one or two external stimuli, and only a few multi‐stimuli responsive instances still suffer by their restricting functional states, such as solution or polymer. To address these challenges, researchers are focusing their efforts on developing a new generation of multi‐stimulus responsive chromic materials. In this article, our group has adopted a new strategy for the synthesis of the multi‐stimuli responsive single polymeric material, which can be useful for different applications (such as thermochromism, photochromism, electrochromism, and solvatofluorochromism). Thiazolothiazole viologen (TTv)‐containing poly(2‐isopropyl‐2‐oxazoline) (PiPO) was synthesized using a one‐pot reaction where the living cationic polymer chains were reacted with thiazolothiazole viologen to produce multi‐stimuli responsive PiPO‐TTv. PiPO‐TTv‐based device demonstrated multi‐responsive properties due to the thermoresponsive properties of PiPO segments and photo‐, electro‐responsive properties of TTv monomer, respectively. PiPO‐TTv material, additionally exhibits fluorescence characteristics that makes it appealing for environmental and molecular biological sensor applications.
Tungsten Phosphide Microsheets In‐Situ Grown on Carbon Fiber as Counter Electrode Catalyst for Efficient Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Gao Mian , Shen Zhitao , Liu Xiansheng , Yue Gentian , Gao Yueyue , Huo Jinghao , Dong Chen , Tan Furui 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe development of low‐cost, green, and pollution‐free counter electrode materials with high catalytic activity plays a critical role in improving the photovoltaic performance of dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). In recent years, transition metal phosphides have been widely used in DSSCs due to their outstanding catalytic activity and stability. Herein, a novel binary phosphide is immobilized on carbon paper (CP) by a two‐step strategy. This strategy involves the preparation of WO3 precursor by the hydrothermal method, and synthesis of tungsten phosphide (WP) with the vapor deposition method, which finally leads to the uniform dispersion of WP on carbon paper. The acquired WP/CP counter electrode demonstrates high electrical conductivity and prefect catalytic ability for reducing triiodide, and the DSSCs assembled with WP/CP counter electrode achieve a high‐power conversion efficiency of 10.29%, which is superior to that of the Pt‐based (7.34%). These findings illustrate that the WP microsheets in‐situ grown on carbon paper are a potential candidate to replace Pt as an economical and efficient counter electrode for DSSCs.
Plant‐Inspired Multifunctional Bioadhesives with Self‐Healing Adhesion Strength to Promote Wound Healing
Authors: Bu Yazhong , Zhang Wenwen , Martin‐Saldaña Sergio , Alsharabasy Amir M. , Da Costa Mark , Feng Luyao , Zhang Ze , Ge Xinlan , Li Chonghui , Lu Shichun , Pandit Abhay 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBioadhesives are revolutionizing wound closure procedures. However, traditional bioadhesives lack functions to promote wound healing with a higher wound dehiscence rate than those treated with sutures. As a result, creating multifunctional bioadhesives to improve wound healing and facilitate wound care is extremely desirable in clinical settings. This study develops a series of multifunctional bioadhesives using succinic anhydride‐modified hyaluronic acid (HASA) and plant‐derived tannic acid (TA) with centrifuging and freeze‐drying. By varying the ratio of HASA to TA, HASATA 1:2, 1:7, and 1:14 are fabricated with tunable adhesive strength from 39.6 ± 8.2 to 63.0 ± 12.0 kPa. The bioadhesives exhibit self‐healing adhesive strength due to the reversible cohesion network developed by HASA and TA, enabling 25 to 50 times repeated wound closure. The animal studies reveal that the developed bioadhesives accelerate wound healing in the first week with a higher collagen content, more M2 macrophage upregulation and less oxidative stress. Moreover, the plant‐derived TA endows the bioadhesives with antioxidant properties against four kinds of free radicals, and antibacterial activity against both gram positive and negative bacteria. Altogether, these bioadhesives may open new avenues for noninvasive wound closure in the clinical setting.
Advanced Functional Hybrid Proton Exchange Membranes Robust and Conductive at 120 °C
Authors: Richard Jason , Haidar Fatima , Alzamora Madeline K. , Maréchal Manuel , Rovira Natalia , Vacquier Christophe , Sanchez Clément , Laberty‐Robert Christel 
Published: December 2022

AbstractProton‐exchange membrane fuel cell vehicles offer a low‐carbon alternative to traditional oil fuel vehicles, but their performances still need improvement to be competitive. Raising their operating temperature to 120 °C will enhance their efficiency but is currently unfeasible due to the poor mechanical properties at high temperatures of the state‐of‐the‐art proton‐exchange membranes consisting of perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) ionomers. To address this issue, xx designed composite membranes made of two networks: a mat of hybrid fibers to maintain the mechanical properties filled with a matrix of PFSA‐based ionomer to ensure the proton conductivity. The hybrid fibers obtained by electrospinning are composed of intermixed domains of sulfonated silica and a fluorinated polymer. The inter‐fiber porosity is then filled with a PFSA ionomer to obtain dense composite membranes with a controlled fibers‐to‐ionomer ratio. At 80 °C, these obtained composite membranes show comparable performances to a pure PFSA commercial membrane. At 120 °C however, the tensile strength of the PFSA membrane drastically drop down to 0.2 MPa, while it is maintained at 7.0 MPa for the composite membrane. In addition, the composite membrane shows a good conductivity of up to 0.1 S cm−1 at 120 °C/90% RH, which increases with the ionomer content.
Increasing the Strength, Hardness, and Survivability of Semiconducting Polymers by Crosslinking
Authors: Chen Alexander X. , Hilgar Jeremy D. , Samoylov Anton A. , Pazhankave Silpa S. , Bunch Jordan A. , Choudhary Kartik , Esparza Guillermo L. , Lim Allison , Luo Xuyi , Chen Hu , Runser Rory , McCulloch Iain , Mei Jianguo , Hoover Christian , Printz Adam D. , Romero Nathan A. , Lipomi Darren J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCrosslinking is a ubiquitous strategy in polymer engineering to increase the thermomechanical robustness of solid polymers but has been relatively unexplored in the context of π‐conjugated (semiconducting) polymers. Notwithstanding, mechanical stability is key to many envisioned applications of organic electronic devices. For example, the wide‐scale distribution of photovoltaic devices incorporating conjugated polymers may depend on integration with substrates subject to mechanical insult—for example, road surfaces, flooring tiles, and vehicle paint. Here, a four‐armed azide‐based crosslinker (“4Bx”) is used to modify the mechanical properties of a library of semiconducting polymers. Three polymers used in bulk heterojunction solar cells (donors J51 and PTB7‐Th, and acceptor N2200) are selected for detailed investigation. In doing so, it is shown that low loadings of 4Bx can be used to increase the strength (up to 30%), toughness (up to 75%), hardness (up to 25%), and cohesion of crosslinked films. Likewise, crosslinked films show greater physical stability in comparison to non‐crosslinked counterparts (20% vs 90% volume lost after sonication). Finally, the locked‐in morphologies and increased mechanical robustness enable crosslinked solar cells to have greater survivability to four degradation tests: abrasion (using a sponge), direct exposure to chloroform, thermal aging, and accelerated degradation (heat, moisture, and oxygen).
Bioinspired, Ultra‐Sensitive Flexible Strain Sensor Based on Ceramic Fiber Paper With Superhydrophobic and High‐Temperature‐Resistant Properties
Authors: Sun Tao , Zhang Junqiu , Chen Yu , Zhao Houqi , Liu Linpeng , Liu Yahua , Niu Shichao , Han Zhiwu , Ren Luquan , Lin Qiao 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFlexible strain sensors are indispensable components providing repeatable electronic signals responding to mechanical deformations. Nevertheless, there is a stringent demand for flexible sensors to maintain normal performance in daily use and even in harsh conditions, such as high humidity and high temperature. Herein, inspired by scorpions, a highly sensitive flexible strain sensor based on ceramic fiber paper (CFP) with superhydrophobic and high‐temperature‐resistant properties is developed by a combination of mechanical cutting and spray coating method, which minimizes performance degradation commonly seen in polymer‐based and textile‐based sensors under harsh conditions. The prepared strain sensor exhibits high sensitivity (gauge factor ≈1254), low detection limit (0.078%), fast response time (108 ms), and notable stability (over 10 000 cycles). The ultra‐high sensitivity originates from the existence of the micro‐scale cracks. To further improve stability of the device in some harsh conditions, superhydrophobic and heat‐resisting coatings consisting of SiO2 aerogels and SiO2 nanoparticles are introduced onto the surface of CFP. Owing to the synergistic effect of the high‐temperature resistance of ceramics fibers and the coatings, the device operates normally at temperature up to 220 °C with a water contact angle of 159°, showing great promises for harsh conditions, especially in the industrial and aerospace fields.
Textile‐Based Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Smart Wearable Systems: Comfort, Integration, and Application
Authors: Tian Xiao , Dong Shanshan , Yang Mengyan , Ng Hoiyan , Liu Yanping , Hu Hong , Hua Tao 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTextile‐based triboelectric nanogenerators (t‐TENGs) possess the unique wearability characteristics of fabrics. The advent of t‐TENGs not only broadens the development direction of new materials in the textile industry but also endows TENGs with greater application potential. However, the electrical output and desired comfort properties of t‐TENGs remain limited and impractical. Important progress has been made in the exploitation of t‐TENGs in recent years. In this review, the basic classifications of comfort, including sensorial and tactile comfort, fit comfort, heat–moisture comfort, and appearance aesthetics, are introduced. Combining the wearability of textiles, the recent progress in the development of comfortable t‐TENGs is systematically summarized and discussed from the following aspects: tactile comfort of t‐TENGs, stretchability of t‐TENGs, breathability of t‐TENGs, washability of t‐TENGs, aesthetics of t‐TENGs, and multifunctionality of t‐TENGs. Additionally, the enhanced output performance, power management, integration strategies, and mass production of t‐TENGs are discussed, and the main applications of wearable t‐TENGs are described. Finally, the existing challenges and future research direction of t‐TENGs are presented, which may contribute to promoting further research and applications of wearable t‐TENGs.
Forage yield and biological nitrogen fixation of pea–cereal intercrops for hay production
Authors: Gungaabayar Amarjargal , Jha Ambuj , Warkentin Thomas , Knight Diane , Penner Gregory , Biligetu Bill 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntercropping forage pea (Pisum sativum L.) with barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) or oat (Avena sativa L.) is an alternative way of cropping to improve forage yield and quality for hay production compared to monocropping. A 2‐year (2016–2017) field study was conducted at three sites in Saskatchewan, Canada, to evaluate forage production and biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) of pea–cereal intercrops in comparison to pea, barley, and oat monocrops with and without 60 kg N ha−1 fertilization. Barley and oat were dominant (p < 0.001) in the intercrop by accounting for 65%–92% of the total dry matter (DM) yield. Compared to the pea monocrops, pea–cereal intercrops significantly increased forage DM yield at Melfort (52%–73%), Saskatoon (68%–118%), and Swift Current (25%–69%). At Melfort, nitrogen (N) fertilization increased total forage DM yield (p = 0.003) of monocrops and intercrops but it reduced N fixation by 22%–63% (p < 0.01). At Swift Current site, N fixation was reduced by 35%–65% (p = 0.019) when N fertilizer was applied. The total amount of N fixation varied from 18 kg N ha−1 (Swift Current) to 59 kg N ha−1 (Melfort), whereas the N transfer rate ranged from 17% (pea:oat) to 43% (pea:barley) in the intercrops. This study indicates that intercropping forage pea with forage barley or oat increased forage DM yield and N fixation. Effect of N fertilization on BNF was site specific, reducing N fixation of pea at two of three sites in the study.
Thermal, rheological, and mechanical characterization of compression and injection molded ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene, high density polyethylene, and their blends
Authors: Yang Huaguang , Yilmaz Galip , Jiang Jing , Langstraat Thomas , Chu Raymond , van Es Martin , Garg Priya , Turng Lih‐Sheng 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTensile and impact test samples of ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), high‐density polyethylene (HDPE), and their blends at various UHMWPE/HDPE weight ratios were prepared via compression molding and injection molding for thermal, rheological, and mechanical characterization. A twin‐screw extruder with either a tapered die with air‐cooling or a regular die was used to compound and extrude the materials prior to pelletization and molding. To the best of our knowledge, there has been no publication on pelletizing neat UHMWPE using a regular extruder. The differential scanning calorimetry analysis suggested the occurrence of re‐crystallization and co‐crystallization for all the blends. The rheology test confirmed that all the blends exhibited a solid‐like behavior and the degree of compatibility increased with increasing HDPE content in the blends. A strong synergistic effect was observed the blends possessed a higher tensile and impact strength than their neat UHMWPE and HDPE counterparts. The compression molded (95/5) UHMWPE/HDPE samples extruded using the tapered die yielded the highest tensile strength (50.1 MPa), which was about 40% higher than that of the neat UHMWPE samples. The best composition of these blends for compression and injection molded parts is 10% HD and 50% HD, respectively.
Lag schedules to increase variability in responding in a home setting
Authors: Parilla Stephanie , Gussin Rosaria , Moss‐Lourenco Patricia , Fienup Daniel M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSeveral studies have demonstrated that lag schedules can be used to increase variability in controlled settings. In this study, we replicated these procedures during regular home applied behavior analysis services using available resources with an adolescent with Autism Spectrum Disorder. The participant had learned multiple responses to questions but responded with little to no variability. The intervention included scripted prompts and lag schedules implemented across social contexts in a multiple baseline design. The scripted prompts assisted the participant in varying his responding and assisted the interventionists in monitoring and accurately implementing the lag schedule intervention. Results showed a systematic increase in varied responses across multiple social contexts, suggesting that lag schedules can be implemented with positive effects in naturalistic therapy settings.
nc‐RNA‐mediated high expression of CDK6 correlates with poor prognosis and immune infiltration in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Zhao Yu‐Xuan , Xu Bo‐Wen , Wang Fang‐Qing , Jiang Feng‐Yang , Xu Jian‐Wei , Yu De‐Xin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundEmerging evidence manifests that cyclin‐dependent kinase 6 (CDK6) plays an essential part in the initiation and progression of several types of human cancer, and its descending expression is correlated with an adverse prognosis. However, the precise role of CDK6 in Pancreatic cancer (PC) remains obscure.AimsTo identify the potential ceRNA regulatory axis of CDK6 in PC and explore its relationship with immune cells and immune checkpoints.Materials & MethodsUsing The Cancer Genome Atlas TCGA and GTEx data analyze the expression and survival of CDK6 in patients in pan‐cancer, and cellular experiments were performed to verify the effect of CDK6 on cell function. Using GEPIA and STARBASE databases to analyze prognosis, expression and survival, and identify non coding RNA (ncRNA) that mediates CDK6 overexpression. The TIMER 2.0 database was used for immune correlation analysis.ResultsWe revealed CDK6 might be an oncogene in PC, and the HOXA11‐AS /NR2F1‐AS1‐ miR‐454‐3p axis was identified as the possible upstream ncRNA‐associated pathway of CDK6 in PC. In addition, CDK6 show significant association with three immune checkpoints (PD‐L1, PD‐L2, and HAVCR2), the infiltration level of immune cells, and immunity biomarkers.DiscussionWe discussed some applications of CDK6 in breast cancer, melanoma, and hemorrhagic malignancies. The role of miR‐15a‐5p, HOXA11‐AS and NR2F1‐AS1 in tumor development was also discussed based on existing studies. The potential mechanism of CDK6 affecting immune cells in pancreatic cancer was discussed.ConclusionsOverall, these results established that nc‐RNA‐mediated high expression of CDK6 is associated with patient outcomes and immune invasion in pancreatic cancer.
A scoping review of deliberate practice in the acquisition of therapeutic skills and practices
Authors: Mahon Daryl 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe use of deliberate practice (DP) as an adjunct method of training practitioners in the acquisition of therapy skills is gaining increasing attention. However, to date, no evidence synthesis has been reported on.MethodsA scoping review was conducted based on Arksey and O'Malley's five‐stage method, which was compliant with the preferred method for reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analysis extension for scoping reviews. Three databases (Scopus, Embase and PubMed) were searched for articles reporting on primary data, in English. The initial search yielded 1,087 articles, of which 14 are included in this review.ResultsFindings suggest that DP is still in its infancy and is being used to train practitioners in a host of therapeutic skills and practices in various training and educational contexts, including using technology as a platform. DP compares more favourably than usual didactic workshops for skill acquisition across variables such as techniques, communication skills and interpersonal and evidence‐based relationship factors.ConclusionFurther research needs to replicate and extend these initial findings, and recommendations for practice and research are considered. This is the first scoping review of this rapidly developing area of practice.
Optimizing the Pt‐FeOx Interaction over Atomic Pt/FeOx/CeO2 Catalysts for Improved CO Oxidation Activity
Authors: Wang Bao‐Ju , Luo Yong , Chu Guang‐Wen , Zhao Yufei , Duan Xue , Chen Jian‐Feng 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe metal‐supported CeO2 catalysts (such as Pt/CeO2) have been considered as the most promising exhaust‐treatment catalyst to meet the future emission standard. However, the Pt‐O‐Ce interface on Pt/CeO2 system seems to over‐stabilize the Pt sites to cause low activity for CO oxidation. In this work, by adding Fe oxides, the enhanced Pt‐FeOx interaction was formed with the disappearance of the Pt‐O‐Ce interface, facilitating the electron transfer from the support to the atomically dispersed Pt on the Pt‐FeOx interface for the dramatically CO (preferential) oxidation performance. The single‐atom Pt/1.5FeOx/CeO2 performed the best catalytic activity with a reaction rate of 0.58 s−1 at 144 °C (T100). Such strategy in resorting the special metal‐support interaction to tune the active sites can be extended to other metal‐oxide systems for further optimized catalysis.
Investigation of Metal Powder Injection into a Combustion Chamber by Large Eddy Simulation for Power to X Studies
Authors: Sandmann Krischan , Falcone Manuel , Buss Lizoel , Riefler Norbert , Abdoly Kiyoumars , Oltmann Hergen , Fritsching Udo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe numerical modeling and simulation of particle dispersion during the filling process of a tubular combustion chamber are presented. By means of multiphase large eddy simulations (LES) the particle distribution inside a circular diffuser‐reactor chamber is studied to analyze the two‐phase flow dynamics for metal powder combustion in a tubular reactor with flame propagation. Typical particle accumulations are found that form close to the reactor wall and also particles tend to segregate and preferentially concentrate at vortex surfaces in particle bands. Particle segregation and accumulation effects aside vortex structures are analyzed using the LES approach. The causes of particle segregation and inhomogeneities are studied and measures for its reduction by changes in the reactor design are discussed. Alterations of the diffuser geometry are adapted to minimize the central particle jet formation and the particle distribution inhomogeneities during the filling process.