bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Who Believes the “50 Great Myths of Psychology”?
Authors: Meinz Elizabeth J. , Tennison Jennifer L. , Dominguez Whitney A. 
Published: March 2022

Background Furnham and Hughes (2014) previously reported that a sample of adults was only able to recognize 37% of 249 myths based on those presented in Lilienfeld et al.’s (2009) Great Myths of Popular Psychology. Objective We sought to replicate these findings and to investigate predictors (e.g., education, cognitive ability, and personality) of beliefs in these myths in both lower- and upper-division courses. Method Over 150 psychology students completed a test of psychomythological beliefs, demographics, tests of cognitive ability, and measures of personality. Results Our sample identified a similar, but slightly higher percentage of the myths than those recognized by Furnham and Hughes’ sample. Myth acceptance was high among both introductory- and senior-level psychology students, but seniors believed significantly fewer myths, and the number of psychology courses taken was negatively related to false beliefs in the full sample. A larger general knowledge base and high intellectual openness predicted myth rejection; group membership did not moderate these effects. Conclusion Education and some individual differences variables likely play a role in psychomythological beliefs. Teaching Implications Psychology faculty should continue working to dispel psychological myths, and also redouble their efforts to enhance students’ core knowledge base, critical thinking, and intellectual curiosity.
Glutamate levels across deep brain structures in patients with a psychotic disorder and its relation to cognitive functioning
Authors: Broeders Tommy AA , Bhogal Alex A , Morsinkhof Lisan M , Schoonheim Menno M , Röder Christian H , Edens Mirte , Klomp Dennis WJ , Wijnen Jannie P , Vinkers Christiaan H 
Published: March 2022

Background: Patients with psychotic disorders often show prominent cognitive impairment. Glutamate seems to play a prominent role, but its role in deep gray matter (DGM) regions is unclear. Aims: To evaluate glutamate levels within deep gray matter structures in patients with a psychotic disorder in relation to cognitive functioning, using advanced spectroscopic acquisition, reconstruction, and post-processing techniques. Methods: A 7-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging scanner combined with a lipid suppression coil and subject-specific water suppression pulses was used to acquire high-resolution magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging data. Tissue fraction correction and registration to a standard brain were performed for group comparison in specifically delineated DGM regions. The brief assessment of cognition in schizophrenia was used to evaluate cognitive status. Results: Average glutamate levels across DGM structures (i.e. caudate, pallidum, putamen, and thalamus) in mostly medicated patients with a psychotic disorder ( n = 16, age = 33, 4 females) were lower compared to healthy controls ( n = 23, age = 24, 7 females; p = 0.005, d = 1.06). Stratified analyses showed lower glutamate levels in the caudate ( p = 0.046, d = 0.76) and putamen p = 0.013, d = 0.94). These findings were largely explained by age differences between groups. DGM glutamate levels were positively correlated with psychomotor speed ( r(30) = 0.49, p = 0.028), but not with other cognitive domains. Conclusions: We find reduced glutamate levels across DGM structures including the caudate and putamen in patients with a psychotic disorder that are linked to psychomotor speed. Despite limitations concerning age differences, these results underscore the potential role of detailed in vivo glutamate assessments to understand cognitive deficits in psychotic disorders.
The centrality of working memory networks in differentiating bipolar type I depression from unipolar depression: A task-fMRI study
Authors: Xi Chang , Liu Zhening , Zeng Can , Tan Wenjian , Sun Fuping , Yang Jie , Palaniyappan Lena 
Published: March 2022

Objectives Up to 70%–80% of patients with bipolar disorder are misdiagnosed as having major depressive disorder (MDD), leading to both delayed intervention and worsening disability. Differences in the cognitive neurophysiology may serve to distinguish between the depressive phase of type 1 bipolar disorder (BDD-I) from MDD, though this remains to be demonstrated. To this end, we investigate the discriminatory signal in the topological organization of the functional connectome during a working memory (WM) task in BDD-I and MDD, as a candidate identification approach. Methods We calculated and compared the degree centrality (DC) at the whole-brain voxel-wise level in 31 patients with BDD-I, 35 patients with MDD, and 80 healthy controls (HCs) during an n-back task. We further extracted the distinct DC patterns in the two patient groups under different WM loads and used machine learning approaches to determine the distinguishing ability of the DC map. Results Patients with BDD-I had lower accuracy and longer reaction time (RT) than HCs at high WM loads. BDD-I is characterized by decreased DC in the default mode network (DMN) and the sensorimotor network (SMN) when facing high WM load. In contrast, MDD is characterized by increased DC in the DMN during high WM load. Higher WM load resulted in better classification performance, with the distinct aberrant DC maps under 2-back load discriminating the two disorders with 90.91% accuracy. Conclusions The distributed brain connectivity during high WM load provides novel insights into the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying cognitive impairment of depression. This could potentially distinguish BDD-I from MDD if replicated in future large-scale evaluations of first-episode depression with longitudinal confirmation of diagnostic transition.
Hypoxic preconditioning neural stem cell transplantation promotes spinal cord injury in rats by affecting transmembrane immunoglobulin domain-containing
Authors: Fan Xiaoguang , Wei Hongchun , Du Juan , Lu Xiuguo , Wang Leisheng 
Published: March 2022

Objective To explore the effects of hypoxic preconditioning neural stem cell (P-NSC) transplantation on rats with spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods After identification, the NSCs were treated with hypoxic preconditioning. The NSCs migration was detected by Transwell method. RT-qPCR was used to detect the mRNA levels of HIF-1α, CXCR4 in NSC. The secretion of representative neurotrophic factors (VEGF, HGF, and BDNF) was checked by Western blot. Forty-six SCI rats were randomly divided into three experimental groups: SCI group (PBS injection, n = 10); N-NSC group (NSC atmospheric normoxic pretreatment injection, n = 18); and P-NSC group (NSC ’s hypoxic preconditioning injection, n = 18). The sham operation group was also included (rats underwent laminectomy but not SCI, n = 10). The recovery of hindlimb motor function was evaluated by BBB score. The level of spinal cord inflammation (IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6) was determined by ELISA. Western blot was used to detect the content of TMIGD1 and TMIGD3 in spinal cord. Results Compared with the N-NSC group, the number of NSC-passing membranes in the P-NSC group increased with the increase of the culture time ( p < 0.05). Compared with N-NSC, P-NSC had higher levels of VEGF, HGF, and BDNF after 1 week of culture ( p < 0.05). The BBB score of the P-NSC group was significantly higher than that of the N-NSC group at 7 and 28 days ( p < 0.05). Compared with the SCI group, the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were significantly reduced after NSC treatment, and the P-NSC group was lower than the N-NSC group ( p < 0.05). Compared with the SCI group, the levels of TMIGD1 and TMIGD3 increased. Compared with the N-NSC group, and the levels of TMIGD1 and TMIGD3 increased in the P-NSC group ( p < 0.05). Conclusion P-NSC administration could improve SCI injury, and the levels of TMIGD1 and TMIGD3.
17β-Estradiol Concentration and Direct β2-Adrenoceptor Inhibition Determine Estrogen-Mediated Reversal of Adrenergic Immunosuppression
Authors: Priyanka Hannah P. , Thiyagaraj A. , Krithika G. , Nair R. S. , Hopper W. , ThyagaRajan S. 
Published: March 2022

Background: Sympathetic innervation of lymphoid organs, and the presence of 17β-estradiol (estrogen or E2) and adrenergic receptors (ARs) on lymphocytes, suggests that sympathetic stimulation and hormonal activation may influence immune functions. Purpose: Modeling and simulating these pathways may help to understand the dynamics of neuroendocrine-immune modulation at the cellular and molecular levels. Methods: Dose- and receptor-dependent effects of E2 and AR subtype-specific agonists were established in vitro on lymphocytes from young male Sprague-Dawley rats and were modeled in silico using the MATLAB Simbiology toolbox. Kinetic principles were assigned to define receptor–ligand dynamics, and concentration/time plots were obtained using Ode15s solvers at different time intervals for key regulatory molecules. Comparisons were drawn between in silico and in vitro data for validating the constructed model with sensitivity analysis of key regulatory molecules to assess their individual impacts on the dynamics of the system. Finally, docking studies were conducted with key ligands E2 and norepinephrine (NE) to understand the mechanistic principles underlying their interactions. Results: Adrenergic activation triggered proapoptotic signals, while E2 enhanced survival signals, showing opposing effects as observed in vitro. Treatment of lymphocytes with E2 shows a 10-fold increase in survival signals in a dose-dependent manner. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) activation is crucial for the activation of survival signals through extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK) and cAMP responsive element binding (p-CREB) protein. Docking studies showed the direct inhibition of ERK by NE and β2-AR by E2 explaining how estrogen signaling overrides NE-mediated immunosuppression in vitro. Conclusion: The cross-talk between E2 and adrenergic signaling pathways determines lymphocyte functions in a receptor subtype and coactivation-dependent manner in health and disease.
Trévo abrogates Lead Acetate Neurotoxicity in Male Wistar Rats viz Antiamyloidogenesis, Antiglutaminergic, and Anticholinesterase Activities
Authors: Ilesanmi Omotayo B. , Odewale Temitope Temiloluwa , Avwioroko Oghenetega J. , Ahmed Eman Ibrahim , Alaneme Chinenyenwa , Atanu Francis O. , Chikere Bruno , James Millicent , Chinagor Innocent , Albezrah Nisreen Khalid Aref , Youssef Amal , Binang Toyin , Batiha Gaber El-Saber 
Published: March 2022

Background: Exposure to lead has been linked to biochemical changes similar to those patients suffering from Alzheimer’s disease. Trévo is a phytonutrient-rich product with antiaging and antioxidant properties. Purpose: To investigate the neuroprotective activity of trévo against lead-induced biochemical changes in male Wistar rats. Methods: The study involves 35 animals that were randomly divided into five groups of seven rats each. Group I (Control): Orally administered distilled water; Group II (Induced): Administered 15 mg/kg of lead acetate (PbA) intraperitoneally; Group III (Treatment group): Orally administered 2 mL/kg of trévo for two days before co-administration with PbA for 12 consecutive days; Group IV (Treatment group): Orally administered 5 mL/kg of trévo for two days prior to coadministration with PbA for 12 consecutive days; Group V: Orally administered 5 mL/kg of trévo for 14 consecutive days. Animals were anesthetized with diether and the brain excised and processed for the following biochemical assays: Malonedialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione-S-transferase (GT), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), beta-amyloid, glutamate, Na+/K+ ATPase, and glutamate dehydrogenase (GD). Results: PbA caused significant oxidative stress (increased MDA concentration, decreased GSH concentration, suppressed the activity of CAT, SOD), decreased GT activity, increased activity of AChE, increased the concentration of beta-amyloid, and caused glutamate excitotoxicity (increased concentration of glutamate, decreased activity of Na+/K+ ATPase, and GD) in rat brains. Treatment with trévo at the two different doses significantly prevented oxidative damage, beta-amyloid aggregation, glutamate excitotoxicity, and acetylcholine breakdown induced by lead acetate. Conclusion: Our findings added to the reported pharmacological activity of trévo and supported the antiaging potential of trévo.
Intergenerational Talking Circles Exploring Psychosocial Stressors for Preterm Birth and Strategies for Resilience among American Indian Women
Authors: Abbott Karla M. , Boyens Beth M. S. , Gubbels Jennifer A. A. 
Published: March 2022

Introduction: This study used phenomenological qualitative research design to understand the primary psychosocial stressors American Indian (AI) women face during pregnancy—factors that may be overlooked as contributing to the community’s heightened preterm birth rate—and to identify mechanisms of resilience. Method: Using Lakota talking circles (TCs) as the data collection method, researchers collected young mothers’ and tribal elders’ narratives about pregnancy and parenting. Themes were derived and verified from the transcripts. Results: During the TCs, the women identified transgenerational/historical trauma and instability in housing, childcare, and relationships as major contributors to pregnancy and parenting stress. Discussion: Having overcome obstacles while bearing and raising children, AI women exhibit resilience. Participants indicated that the TCs provided support and a cultural connection, thus serving as both a data collection method and an intervention. Future work will involve using TCs to support young mothers, transmit elder wisdom, and increase resilience among AI women.
Leveraging Administrative Data to Better Understand and Address Child Maltreatment: A Scoping Review of Data Linkage Studies
Authors: Soneson Emma , Das Shruti , Burn Anne-Marie , van Melle Marije , Anderson Joanna K. , Fazel Mina , Fonagy Peter , Ford Tamsin , Gilbert Ruth , Harron Katie , Howarth Emma , Humphrey Ayla , Jones Peter B. , Moore Anna 
Published: March 2022

Background This scoping review aimed to overview studies that used administrative data linkage in the context of child maltreatment to improve our understanding of the value that data linkage may confer for policy, practice, and research. Methods We searched MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and ERIC electronic databases in June 2019 and May 2020 for studies that linked two or more datasets (at least one of which was administrative in nature) to study child maltreatment. We report findings with numerical and narrative summary. Results We included 121 studies, mainly from the United States or Australia and published in the past decade. Data came primarily from social services and health sectors, and linkage processes and data quality were often not described in sufficient detail to align with current reporting guidelines. Most studies were descriptive in nature and research questions addressed fell under eight themes: descriptive epidemiology, risk factors, outcomes, intergenerational transmission, predictive modelling, intervention/service evaluation, multi-sector involvement, and methodological considerations/advancements. Conclusions Included studies demonstrated the wide variety of ways in which data linkage can contribute to the public health response to child maltreatment. However, how research using linked data can be translated into effective service development and monitoring, or targeting of interventions, is underexplored in terms of privacy protection, ethics and governance, data quality, and evidence of effectiveness.
ADHD Symptoms and Obesity in Chinese Children and Adolescents: A Longitudinal Study With Abnormal Eating Behaviors as Moderating Factors
Authors: Zhang Shuowei , Huang Ying , Zaid Maryam , Tong Lian 
Published: March 2022

Background: Emerging studies have explored the possibility of ADHD and associated abnormal eating behaviors as catalysts for obesity in children and adolescents. However, results were largely inconsistent. This study aims to explore the effects of ADHD and abnormal eating behaviors (including eating disorders, emotional eating, and bedtime eating) on obesity, and to assess the moderating role of abnormal eating behaviors between ADHD symptoms and BMI in Chinese children and adolescents. Methods: We recruited 546 grade 3 to 11 students and their parents by stratified random sampling from three primary schools and four middle schools in Shanghai, China. This study used parent-reported versions of the ADHD Rating Scale-IV to assess ADHD symptoms, the Eating Attitudes Test and the Children’s Eating Attitude Test to assess eating disorder (ED) symptoms, and the Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire to collect information about other abnormal eating behaviors at baseline and at a follow-up survey 1 year later. Results: Hierarchical linear regression analysis revealed that ED played a moderating role in the relationship between ADHD symptoms and BMI in addition to age ( β = .003, p = .008). The simple slope test showed that ADHD symptoms positively correlated with BMI ofs in the older age group with a high level of ED symptoms ( β = .16, p < .001). Moreover, the baseline ED symptoms ( β = .03, p = .032) and ADHD symptoms ( β = .12, p = .015) increased the students’ BMI one year later after controlling for confounding factors. Conclusion: Findings of this study suggest that ADHD and ED symptoms raised the students’ BMI separately. Moreover, ADHD and ED symptoms raised the students’ BMI separately. Moreover, a combined high level of ADHD and ED symptoms is correlated with students’ high BMI in the older age group.
Enlightening new underpinnings in hydration retinal folds
Authors: Barbosa Gabriel Castilho , Gomes da Silva Allan , Rocha de Sousa Jefferson , Machado Cleide Guimarães , Gomes André Vieira 
Published: March 2022

PurposeTo describe and value a peculiar alteration typically found in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment raising news foundations of its role in the photoreceptors and visual prognosis.DesignCase description and rationale formulation.SubjectsAn isolated case.InterventionWe report a case of a 52-year-old male patient complaining of sudden visual acuity (VA) loss in the left eye. Fundoscopic findings revealed rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, macula off, and an isolated horseshoe tear in the infero-temporal periphery. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) evinced prominent hydration retinal folds.Main outcome measuresRestructuring of the retinal layers, visual acuity and complaints.ResultsThe patient underwent scleral buckling surgery with complete re-attachment of the retina and significant improvement of the hydration retinal folds. In addition, there was resolution of visual symptoms, with a final VA of 20/30.ConclusionsWe speculate that the increase in arc length of the outer retina generates a centripetal force towards the fovea. Its association with the higher density of photoreceptors in this region, generates resistance in the water inflow, preventing swelling and cellular damage of the central photoreceptors.
Spinal 5-HT2A receptor is involved in electroacupuncture inhibition of chronic pain
Authors: Yuan Xiao-Cui , Wang Yu-Ying , Tian Li-Xia , Yan Xiang-Ji , Guo Yi-Xiao , Zhao Yu-Long , Baba Sani S , Jia Hong , Wang Hui-Sheng , Li Man , Huo Fu-Quan 
Published: March 2022

Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a highly prevalent, chronic joint disorder, and it is a typical disease which can develop chronic pain. Our previous study has proved that endocannabinoid (2-AG)-CB1R-GABA-5-HT pathway is involved in electroacupuncture (EA) mediated inhibition of chronic pain. However, it is still unclear which among the 5-HT receptor subtype is involved in EA evoked 5-HT mediated inhibition of chronic pain in the dorsal spinal cord. 5-HT2A is a G protein-coupled receptor and it is involved in 5-HT descending pain modulation system. We found that EA treatment at frequency of 2 Hz +1 mA significantly increased the expression of 5-HT2A receptor in the dorsal spinal cord and intrathecal injection of 5-HT2A receptor antagonist or agonist reversed or mimicked the analgesic effect of EA in each case respectively. Intrathecal injection of a selective GABAA receptor antagonist Bicuculline also reversed the EA effect on pain hypersensitivity. Additionally, EA treatment reversed the reduced expression of GABAA receptor and KCC2 in the dorsal spinal cord of KOA mice. Furthermore, we demonstrated that intrathecal 5-HT2A receptor antagonist/agonist reversed or mimicked the effect of EA up-regulate of KCC2 expression, respectively. Similarly, intrathecal injection of PLC and PKC inhibitors prevented both anti-allodynic effect and up-regulation of KCC2 expression by EA treatment. Our data suggest that EA treatment up-regulated KCC2 expression through activating 5-HT2A-Gq-PLC-PKC pathway and enhanced the inhibitory function of GABAA receptor, thereby inhibiting chronic pain in a mouse model of KOA.
The Influence of Exercise Intensity on Psychosocial Outcomes in Musculoskeletal Disorders: A Systematic Review
Authors: Klaps Sim , Haesevoets Sarah , Verbunt Jeanine , Köke Albère , Janssens Lotte , Timmermans Annick , Verbrugghe Jonas 
Published: March 2022

Context: Psychosocial parameters play an important role in the onset and persistence of chronic musculoskeletal disorders (CMSDs). Exercise therapy is a valuable therapeutic modality as part of CMSD rehabilitation. Hereby, exercise intensity is an important factor regarding changes in pain and disability in multiple CMSDs. However, the impact of exercise intensity on psychosocial outcomes remains poorly explored. Objective: To identify the effects of different modes of exercise intensity on psychosocial outcomes in persons with CMSDs. Data Sources: A systematic search was conducted up to November 2020 using the following databases: PubMed/MEDline, PEDro, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. Study Selection: Studies reporting exercise therapy in CMSDs with a predefined display of exercise intensity and an evaluation of at least 1 psychosocial outcome were included. Study Design: Systematic review. Level of Evidence: Level 2a. Data Extraction: Data regarding demographics, exercise intensity, and psychosocial outcomes were included in a descriptive analysis. Methodological quality was assessed using the PEDro scale and Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklist. Results: A total of 22 studies, involving 985 participants (with fibromyalgia, chronic low back pain, knee osteoarthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and axial spondyloarthritis) were included (mean PEDro score = 5.77/10). The most common psychosocial outcomes were quality of life (QoL) (n = 15), depression (n = 10), and anxiety (n = 9). QoL improved at any exercise intensity in persons with fibromyalgia. However, persons with fibromyalgia benefit more from exercising at low to moderate intensity regarding anxiety and depression. In contrast, persons with chronic low back pain benefit more from exercising at a higher intensity regarding QoL, anxiety, and depression. Other CMSDs only showed limited or conflicting results regarding the value of certain exercise intensities. Conclusion: Psychosocial outcomes are influenced by the intensity of exercise therapy in fibromyalgia and chronic low back pain, but effects differ across other CMSDs. Future research is necessary to determine the exercise intensity that yields optimal exercise therapy outcomes in specific CMSDs.