bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
European Corn Borer Control in Field Corn, 1987
Authors: Shamiyeh N. B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Eleven in-whorl insecticide treatments at Highland Rim Experiment Station (HRES) in Springfield, Tenn., and 12 insecticide treatments at the Tobacco Experiment Station (TES) in Greeneville were evaluated for first-brood European corn borer (ECB) control. 'Pioneer 3147' corn was planted on 15 Apr. Plots were 3 rows × 15 ft at HRES and 4 rows × 30 ft at TES. Rows were spaced 38 inches apart. Treatments were replicated 4 times and arranged in a randomized complete block design. Blocks were separated by 5-ft alleys. Plant population was 44 plants/30 row-ft. At HRES, insecticides were applied on 9 Jun, when 85% of the plants were infested (average 4.1 larvae/plant) and at TES on 10 Jun, when 70% of the plants were infested (average 1.4 larvae/plant). Granular insecticides were applied with shaker jars. Liquid formulations were applied using 2.5-gal compressed-CO2 sprayers at 30 gal/acre and 30 psi. Whorls with new damage were counted on 29 Jun at HRES and on 25 Jun at TES. Grain yield was measured on 17 Sep at HRES (14.06% moisture). Grain yield was not measured at TES. Stalk feeding counts (tunnels/10 stalks) were made on 21 Jun at HRES only. Soil type at HRES was Dixon silt loam and at TES was Minvale-Landisburg silt loam.
Adult Emergence Patterns and Insecticidal Control of Mexican Corn Rootworm in the Lower Gulf Coast Region of Texas, 1987
Authors: Treacy M. F. , Parker R. D. , Benedict J. H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A large-plot field study was conducted on a commercial farm near Goliad to evaluate soil insecticides for control of Mexican corn rootworms in conventional-till corn. Corn had been planted at this test site in each of the 9 growing seasons previous to the study reported here. Seven treatments and an untreated check were compared in 6-row, 500-ft plots of corn planted 9 Mar in 38-inch rows. Treatments and the untreated check were replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block design. Using Gandy applicator boxes, soil insecticides were applied in a T-band at planting time. Edaphic conditions at planting time consisted of 21% water (by weight) in the top 4 inches of soil and a temperature of 65°F at 4 inches below soil surface. The soil type was a sandy clay loam with an organic matter content of 1.3%. Efficacy of treatments was determined by counting plants at 3 sites (13.8 ft/site) in each plot 1 month after date of planting, by collecting plants from 6 sites in each plot (1 plant/site) and rating the roots for degree of rootworm feeding damage by the Iowa State University 6-category system (1, no visible damage, to 6, 3 or more nodes destroyed), and by harvesting each plot with a commercial machine for yield analysis. Relative infestation levels of rootworms in untreated and insecticide-treated corn were determined by capturing soil-emerged adults in cages placed in each untreated and Counter-treated plot (2 cages/plot). The cages (36 × lOinches) were placed over the plants were inspected weekly for rootworm adults; plants in the cages were maintained at a height of about 16 inches.
Control of Thrips and Aphids on Seedling Cotton with Temik and Thimet, 1987
Authors: Burris Gene , Graves J. B. , Pavloff A. M. , Leonard B. R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The efficacy of Temik and Thimet was evaluated at 3 rates, 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0 lb (AI)/acre, with and without Terraclor Super-X (TSX) at the Northeast Research Station, St. Joseph, La. Orthene 80S seed treatments, 6.4 oz (AI)/cwt, were used as controls. Test plots were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design, and were 4 rows (40- inch spacing) × 65 ft. Cotton was planted on 13 May on a commerce silt loam soil, which was fertilized before planting with 60 lb/acre of nitrogen. Test treatments were applied in furrow with a John Deere 7100 planter equipped with granular applicator split boxes. Major and secondary pest treatments were initiated in June and maintained as needed through August. Treatment efficacy for thrips and cotton aphids was measured by washing insects from 10 seedling cotton plants/plot onto 300-mesh screens, backwashing them onto lined filter paper (7 cm), and counting them with the aid of a binocular dissecting microscope. Collections and observations on these pests were made on 4, 10, and 15 Jun. Data on populations are reported as the mean no./25 plants sampled across dates. Stand and skip data were recorded by counting all plants and skips 18 inches or greater on the center two rows. Yield was estimated by harvesting the two center rows with a mechanical harvester on 10 and 22 Oct.
Evaluation of Selected Insecticides on Tarnished Plant Bugs, Cotton Fleahoppers, and Beneficial Arthropods, 1987
Authors: Graves J. B. , Leonard B. R. , Micinski Steve 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A large plot test was conducted on the Bill Stahls farm near Bossier City, La., to determine the relative efficacy of 8 insecticide treatments on arnished plant bugs, cotton fleahoppers, and beneficial arthropods. Treatments consisted of 10-acre plots planted on 12 and 13 May, replicated 2 times, and irranged in a randomized complete block design. Insecticides were applied on 2 Jul using a John Deere 6000 high-clearance sprayer equipped with 2 TX-3 lozzles/row and calibrated to deliver 3 gal finished spray/acre. Insects were sampled with a standard insect sweep net (15 inches diam) at 2 locations in each )lot (50 sweeps at each location) on 3, 7, and 10 Jul (1, 5, and 8 days posttreatment).
Apple, Evaluation of Fenoxycarb for Tabm Control, 1987
Authors: Jacobs S. B. , Hull L. A. , Rajotte E. G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experimental sprays were applied to 3-4 tree plots arranged in a randomized complete block design consisting of 6 replicates of alternating 'York Imperial' and 'Golden Delicious' trees. One 'York Imperial' and 'Golden Delicious' tree in the center of each plot was used for monitoring. All treatments were applied with a Friend Airmaster 393 airblast sprayer calibrated to leliver 50 gal/acre (complete spray), or 25 gal/acre, alternate-side spray, driven at 2.3 mph. The first 4 treatments were applied as complete sprays, whereas I he fifth, sixth, and seventh treatments were applied as alternate-side sprays. Dates of application were as follows: first and second treatments on 11 and 22 May, 20 and 29 Jul; third and fourth treatments on 1 and 15 Jun, 29 Jul, and 13 Aug; the fifth, sixth, and seventh treatments 1, 8, 15, and 22 Jun, 29 Jul, 7, 13, and 20 Aug. On 3 Jun an alternate-side application of Lannate 1.8L (710 ml/acre) was applied to all plots to control periodical cicada. Phosphamidon SEC (237 ml/acre) was applied as alternate side applications to all treatments on 6, 13, and 23 Jun and 10 Jul to control aphids. Vydate 2L (710 ml/acre) plus Carzol 92SP (227 g/acre) and Plictran 50WP (680 g/acre) were applied on 10 and 17 Jul, respectively, as alternate-side sprays to control mites. During the experiment, general maintenance sprays of Dithane M-45 and calcium chloride were applied to all treatments. Effect of treatments on ERM was evaluted by counting the mites several times during the season on samples of 25 leaves/tree ('York Imperial' only), 150 leaves/treatment. Effect of treatments on the mite predator S. punctum was evaluated by 3-min counts of adults and larvae around the periphery of the test trees. Effectiveness of treatments on TABM was assessed by scoring for injury all apples on the center 'Golden Delicious' and 'York Imperial' trees at harvest and on all drops up to harvest. Pest pressure was moderate.
Apple, Acaricide Test, 1986
Authors: Hall F. R. , Zajac M. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Test materials were applied as dilute sprays (120-140 gal/acre) to 22-yr-old apple trees planted 40 ft by 40 ft apart. A completely randomized design was used, with 6 replications (trees) per treatment. Compounds were applied with a handgun sprayer at 500 psi on the following dates: 18 Apr (tight cluster/pink [TC/P]), 24 Apr (pink [P]), 7 May (petal fall [PF]), 23 May (first cover [IC]) and 10 Jul. Mite populations were assessed by sampling 25 leaves collected at chest height from the periphery of each tree; in the laboratory, mites were brushed from the leaves onto glass plates coated with Tween 20.
Apple, Pest Control with Igrs, 1987
Authors: Riedl H. , Shearer P. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Timing and rates of 2 IGRs were evaluated for control of major apple pests and effect on phytophagous and phytoseiid mites. Sprays were applied by handgun operating at 200 psi to 20-yr-old apple trees. Treatments consisted of 4 single-tree replicates (2 trees of each variety) in a randomized block. Fungicides (Cyprex, Bayleton) were applied when necessary. Guthion cover sprays were timed according to codling moth development (see Washington State University Extension Bulletin 1072). The IGRs were applied from 150 to 250 DD earlier than Guthion to coincide with the beginning and peak of egg laying. At mid-season (8 Jul) and at harvest (8 Oct), 100 fruit/treatment (25/tree) were inspected for insect damage. In addition, leaves were sampled twice during the season to evaluate mite populations and at harvest to evaluate WTLM and WALH (100 leaves/treatment; 25/ tree).
Pear, Insect Growth Regulator Tests, 1987
Authors: Burts Everett 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Mature pear trees were sprayed with handguns operating at 600 psi to evaluate pesticides for control of pear pests. Plots consisted of 5 single-tree replicates in randomized block design. Treatments were applied 3 times, 29 Apr (petal fall), 29 May, and 20 Jul. Treatments were evaluated for PP and mite control by counts made at 2-wk intervals. Adult PP were counted from a 5 beating-tray sample/ replication. PP nymphs and mites were counted from a 50-leaf sample/replication. Leaf samples consisted of the proximal, distal, and 3 leaves from between on each of 10 terminal shoots. Leaves were brushed and resulting slides were examined using a binocular dissecting microscope. PP and PRM russet were rated according to U.S. grade standards for fresh market Bartlett' pears on 2 samples of 25 mature fruits per replication. Fruit and foliage were examined after each spray for phytotoxicity. The test orchard was sprayed with Pydrin 2.4 EC 1 pt/acre at cluster bud stage of tree growth to reduce density of overwintered adult PP.
Pear, Acaricide Evaluation, 1987
Authors: Riedl H. , Shearer P. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Sprays were applied 8 Aug by handgun operating at 200 psi to 14-yr-old pear trees. Treatments consisted of 4 single-tree replicates arranged in a randomized block. Trees were blocked according to mite population levels (4 blocks) to ensure the initial spider mite density was similar in each treatment. Leaves on each tree were sampled on 3 scaffold limbs from the center to the periphery of the canopy (25 leaves/tree; 100/treatment). Leaves were processed with a mite-brushing machine.
Cherry, Insecticide Evaluation, 1987
Authors: Howitt A. , Biddinger D. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Insecticides were applied to 35-yr-old 'Montmorency' trees in single unreplicated blocks of approximately one-half acre, each with about 40 trees. Applications were made with a 32 TMG Myer sprayer, which traveled at 4.03 km/h and delivered 100 Jal/acre. Dates of application were 13 May (petal fall) for plum curculio control and 1 and 14 Jul for maggot control. The first maggot application was timed jne week after the first adult catch on yellow sticky boards baited with ammonia acetate. The fungicide program consisted of Tilt at 240 ml/acre at petal fall ind Benelate 50WP at 680 g/acre included with the two maggot control applications in July. Evaluations of the treatments consisted of picking 8 pints of cherries from centrally located trees in each treatment block. The fruit was then blended in an electric blender at low speed. The resulting slurry was sieved to remove the pulp, and the remaining material was examined for maggot larvae.
Nectarine, Carzol for Thrips Control, 1987
Authors: Yonce Carroll E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The test was conducted in a small block of nectarines (selection 7-738) at Byron, Ga. Control was directed at critical times of flower and fruit development to determine which treatment times were best for effective control. Carzol 90SP at 0.5 lb (AI)/acre was applied at 4 different timing regimens based on previous population distribution patterns in the same orchard location. A randomized complete experimental block design was used. Emphasis was directed at early season and population build-up of flower thrips populations. Thrips sampling began at pink bud and continued each 2 wk until harvest. Fruit samples were taken just following shuck split, and sampling continued each 2 wk until harvest. A total of 360 fruit were examined for thrips damage from each treatment during the entire sampling period.
Pesticide Evaluation for Erineum Mite Control, 1987
Authors: Aim Steven R. , Williams Roger N. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Test insecticides and miticides were applied to 5-yr-old ‘Riesling’ grapevines planted 9 × 7 ft. A randomized complete block experimental design with 4 single-vine replicates was used for evaluation. Applications were made on 15 Jun and 6 Jul with a hand-held C02 sprayer at 45 psi (3.2 kg/cm2) with a 95005-E-Tee Jet nozzle. A count of infested leaves/50 sampled on 10 shoots was made on 18 Jul.
Insecticide Evaluation for Grape Berry Moth and Grape Leafhopper Control, 1987
Authors: Aim Steven R. , Williams Roger N. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Test insecticides were applied to 5-yr-old ‘Riesling’ grapevines planted 2.7 by 2.1 m. A completely randomized experimental design with 8 single-vine replicates was used for evaluation. Applications were made on 15 Jun and 6 and 31 Jul with a hand-held C02 sprayer and a 9505-E-TeeJet nozzle at 45 psi (3.2 kg/cm2). A count of the infested berries was made on 31 Jul. This count evaluated the effectiveness of 2 sprays applied to control the first grape berry moth generation and the beginning of the second generation (based on pheromone trap data). A count of leafhopper-damaged leaves/25 leaves sampled was made on 22 Aug. Ten clusters were weighed on 28 Sept to determine the yield loss caused by larval berry moth feeding.
Grape Berry Moth Insecticide Evaluation, 1987
Authors: Howitt A. , Biddinger D. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Insecticides were applied to 40-yr-old ‘Concord’ grapes in a semiabandoned vineyard. Rows were 9 ft apart and vines were 6 ft apart within the row. Each treatment was replicated 4 times in a completely randomized block with each block consisting of 10 vines in a row with at least 1 buffer row between each replicate. Treatments were applied with a 32 TMG Meyer airblast sprayer traveling 4.83 km/hr and delivering 50 gal/acre. Applications were timed according to pheromone trap catch for both generations. The dates of insecticide application were 2, 14, and 25 Jun; 7 and 21 Jul; 3, 17, and 28 Aug; and 9 Sept. The fungicide program consisted of Bayleton 50WP at 86 g/acre which was included in the last 6 insecticide application dates listed above, starting with 7 Jul. The treatments were evaluated by examining 25 randomly picked clusters from each replicate for a total of 100 clusters/treatment.
Bioassay Evaluation of Insecticides on Strawberry Foliage, 1987
Authors: Williams R. N. , Fickle D. S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Test plots were in a 1-yr-old strawberry planting at Moreland, Ohio. Each replicate consisted of 18 ft2 of strawberry row with 4 replicates/treatment in a randomized block design. Treatments were applied as foliar sprays on 29 May and 10 and 25 Jun, using a hand-held constant-pressure C02 sprayer operating at 45 psi (3.2 kg/cm2) and equipped with a 9505-E-TeeJet nozzle. On 25 Jun, after insecticides had dried on the foliage, random samples of 5 leaves per replicate were taken. These were taken back to the laboratory and placed in 400-ml ventilated plastic containers. Twenty-four hours later, 10 adults of each of the test species were added to containers. Insects in this study were from an untreated alfalfa field. Insect mortality was read 24 h after placement on treated foliage.
Evaluation of Danitol Against Mites on Texas Citrus, 1987
Authors: Victor French J. , Villarreal J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Danitol alone and tank mixed with NR 440 oil were compared to Vendex for efficacy against CRM and TCM. Treatments were randomly assigned to 4-tree plots and replicated 3 times in a 26-yr-old ‘Ruby Red’ grapefruit orchard on 16 ft × 25 ft spacing. Treatments were applied on 18 Jun utilizing a FMC 1229 FTM air blast sprayer with speed, nozzling and pressure adjusted for 250 gal/acre. CRM were counted in 2, 1-cm2 lens fields at 10 × on each of 25 fruit per replicate randomly selected at arms length inside the tree canopy. At each count date, 24 leaves per replicate were randomly collected and processed through a mite brushing machine. TCM motiles were collected on detergent-coated glass disks and counted under a binocular microscope at 25 × .
Citrus Rust Mite (CRM) Control, 1986
Authors: Knapp J. L. , Anderson H. A. , Appelboom T. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments were applied to completely randomized 4 tree plots replicated 4 times using a single nozzle hand gun at 200 psi sprayed to run-off (approx. 2 gal/tree). All treatments included 2 lb metallic copper (Kocide)/ac; 1 qt/ac Zn nitrate; and 2 qt/ac Zn citrus Gluco. CRM were counted weekly in 2-lcm2 10 × lensfields on opposite sides of 20 fruit selected at random on each tree; 80 fruit/replicate; or 320 fruit/treatment.
Citrus Rust Mite (CRM) Control, 1986
Authors: Knapp Joseph L. , Anderson H. E. , Appelboom T. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments were applied to completely randomized 1.5 acre plots replicated 4 times using an FMC 380 speed sprayer at 200 psi traveling at 1.87 mph applying 353 gpa. All treatments included 11 lb/acre Techmangam. CRM were counted weekly in 2-lcm2 10 × lensfield on opposite surfaces of 20 fruit selected at random around 5 trees in each replicate for a total of 400 fruit/treatment.
Aphid Control on Louisiana Pecans, 1987
Authors: Hall Michael J. , Shelton Richard R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Five insecticides were evaluated for control of the blackmargined aphid and the yellow pecan aphid on pecan. The study was conducted at the LSU Pecan Research-Extension Station, Robson, La., on 52-yr-old ‘Stuart’ pecan trees. Plots were laid out in a randomized complete block design consisting of 3 blocks, with 1 tree per treatment per block. Pretreatment counts were made 13 Aug. Applications of foliar applied materials were made on 14 Aug using an FMC 957 speed sprayer delivering 27 gal of finished spray per tree (247 gal per acre). Posttreatment counts were made at 3, 7, 14, and 21 days after treatment. Samples consisted of counting the number of aphids (nymphs and adults) on 10 compound leaves.
Nematodes Screened Against Pecan Weevil Larvae, 1986
Authors: Ring Dennis R. , Schroeder William J. , Nyczepir Andrew P. , Payne Jerry A. , Snow J. Wendell 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Pecans infested with pecan weevils were collected from an insecticide free orchard at Byron, Ga., in late Sep. Nuts were held in the laboratory and weevil larvae were collected as they emerged. Top soil from this same orchard was collected and sterilized. The soil moisture content was brought to field capacity (13%). Soil was then placed in 30 cc cups and 2500 infective juveniles of Steinernema feltae All strain, Steinernema feltae Mexican strain, Heterorhabditis sp. ex citrus weevil from Orlando, Florida and one ml water as a control were pippetted on top of the soil in 100 cups each. One mature weevil larva was placed in each cup and cups were sealed with a plastic lid on 16 Oct. Weevil larvae were dissected and examined for nematodes on 13 and 20 Nov. Comparisons of weevil mortalities among treatments were made using binomial tests for equal probabilities.
Control of Corn Earworm on Sweet Corn, 1989
Authors: Cartwright Bob 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Sweet corn was seeded on 26 Jun with rows spaced 3 ft apart and 10-12 inches between plants. Insecticides were tested for control of CEW by making directed sprays of silks at 3 d intervals, commencing with 10% silk emergence. Insecticides were applied with a CO2-powered backpack sprayer with a single nozzle calibrated to deliver 21 gal/acre using 2 passes/plot. Plots consisted of a single row, 20 ft long and were separated by an unplanted bed. Applications of each insecticide were made on the following dates; 17, 20, 23 and 25 Aug. Efficacy was evaluated at harvest by counting larvae in each ear and by rating damage on a 1-5 scale on untrimmed ears and trimmed ears (with the proximal 1.5 in removed). The rating scale was as follows: 1 = no damage, 2 = slight, 3 = moderate, 4 = heavy and 5 = extremely heavy.
Ear Infesting Insect Control in Sweet Corn, 1989
Authors: Hoy Casey W. , Koch Timothy A. , Vaughn Ty T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Sundance’ sweet corn was planted 8 Jun at the Snyder Farm, OARDC. Plant spacing was 30 inches between rows and 8 inches between plants. Plots consisted of 2 rows, 25 ft in length, with an untreated guard row between plots and 4 ft at either end of each plot. Treatments were applied during the silking period, on 1, 4, 7, 10, 14 Aug, using a backpack sprayer delivering 50 gal/acre at 50 psi with a flat fan nozzle for the first 2 applications and a high-boy boom sprayer with drop hollow cone nozzles delivering 50 gal/acre at 50 psi to the ear zone. Plots were evaluated 17 Aug, by examining 50 ears/plot for any larval pests infesting the silks or ear.
Corn Earworm and European Corn Borer Control on Sweet Corn, 1988
Authors: Sorensen K. A. , Kidd K. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Snowbelle’ sweet corn was planted on 25 May, near Benson, NC. Single row plots, 10 ft long on 42 inch centers were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Alleys of 5 ft separated replicates. Treatments were applied using a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer with a single hollow cone nozzle (18X) operating at 60 psi to apply 80 gal/ acre. Treatments were initiated at early tassel stage, and were applied 18, 21, 23, 25, 27, 29 Jul, 1, 3, 5, 8, 10, 13, and 16 Aug. All mature ears in each plot were harvested 11 and 17 Aug and scored for larval damage. Counts were combined, and the percent damaged ears determined.
Leafminer Control, Spring 1989
Authors: Rethwisch Michael D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Twelve treatments and a water only control were applied to commercial head lettuce near harvest on 27 Mar at a Bruce Church Inc. of Arizona ranch located near Yuma, AZ. Experimental design was randomized complete block. Treatments were applied by a backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 26.4 gal/acre at 30 psi using a single T-Jet 8004 nozzle. Treatments were replicated 4 times and each plot was 25 ft long on beds centered 42 inch apart. Samples were taken 3 and 8 DAT. Three samples/plot were taken 3 DAT. Each sample was 5 consecutive wrapper leaves from a plant. A single sample/plot was taken 8 DAT. This sample was 5 wrapper leaves, 1 from each of 5 consecutive plants. All samples were placed in plastic bags and held for 2 d at room temperature. Immature leafminers that exited leaves were counted.