bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New directions in cancer and aging: State of the science and recommendations to improve the quality of evidence on the intersection of aging with cancer control
Authors: Kobayashi Lindsay C. , Westrick Ashly C. , Doshi Aalap , Ellis Katrina R. , Jones Carly R. , LaPensee Elizabeth , Mondul Alison M. , Mullins Megan A. , Wallner Lauren P. 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundThe global population of older cancer survivors is growing. However, the intersections of aging‐related health risks across the cancer control continuum are poorly understood, limiting the integration of aging into cancer control research and practice. The objective of this study was to review the state of science and provide future directions to improve the quality of evidence in 6 priority research areas in cancer and aging.MethodsThe authors identified priority research areas in cancer and aging through an evidence‐based Research Jam process involving 32 investigators and trainees from multiple disciplines and research centers in aging and cancer; then, they conducted a narrative review of the state of the science and future directions to improve the quality of evidence in these research areas. Priority research areas were defined as those in which gaps in scientific evidence or clinical practice limit the health and well‐being of older adults with cancer.ResultsSix priority research areas were identified: cognitive and physical functional outcomes of older cancer survivors, sampling issues in studies of older cancer survivors, risk and resilience across the lifespan, caregiver support and well‐being, quality of care for older patients with cancer, and health disparities. Evidence in these areas could be improved through the incorporation of bias reduction techniques into longitudinal studies of older cancer survivors, novel data linkage, and improved representation of older adults in cancer research.ConclusionsThe priority research areas and methodologies identified here may be used to guide interdisciplinary research and improve the quality of evidence on cancer and aging.
A multicenter, open‐label, single‐arm study of anamorelin (ONO‐7643) in patients with cancer cachexia and low body mass index
Authors: Naito Tateaki , Uchino Junji , Kojima Toru , Matano Yutaka , Minato Koichi , Tanaka Kentaro , Mizukami Takuro , Atagi Shinji , Higashiguchi Takashi , Muro Kei , Takayama Koichi , Furuse Junji , Morishima Eiichiro , Takiguchi Toru , Tamura Kazuo 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundCancer cachexia is a syndrome characterized by anorexia and decreased body weight. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of anamorelin, an orally active, selective ghrelin receptor agonist, in patients with cancer cachexia and a low body mass index (BMI).MethodsThis multicenter, open‐label, single‐arm study enrolled Japanese patients with non–small cell lung cancer or gastrointestinal cancer with cancer cachexia (BMI < 20 kg/m2, involuntary weight loss > 2% in the last 6 months, and anorexia). Patients were administered 100 mg of anamorelin once daily for up to 24 weeks. The primary end point was a composite clinical response (CCR) at 9 weeks, which was defined as an increase in body weight of ≥5% from the baseline, an increase of ≥2 points in the score of the 5‐item Anorexia Symptom Scale of the Functional Assessment of Anorexia/Cachexia Therapy, and being alive.ResultsOne hundred two patients were eligible and enrolled. The means and standard deviations for age and BMI were 71.0 ± 8.2 years and 17.47 ± 1.48 kg/m2, respectively. The CCR rate at 9 weeks was 25.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 18.3%‐35.3%), which met the primary end point with a lower 95% CI exceeding the prespecified minimum of 8%. Improvements in body weight and anorexia were durable and were accompanied by improvements in patients' global impression of change for appetite/eating‐related symptoms and overall condition. Adverse drug reactions occurred in 37 of 101 treated patients (36.6%), with the most common being glycosylated hemoglobin increases, constipation, and peripheral edema.ConclusionsAnamorelin improved body weight and anorexia‐related symptoms in patients with cancer cachexia and a low BMI with durable efficacy and favorable safety and tolerability.Lay Summary

Anamorelin is a drug that stimulates appetite and promotes weight gain.

This clinical trial was aimed at determining its efficacy and safety in Japanese cancer patients with a low body mass index and cachexia, a syndrome associated with anorexia and weight loss.

Anamorelin was found to improve body weight and anorexia‐related symptoms in these patients, and these effects were durable for up to 24 weeks. Moreover, anamorelin was generally well tolerated.

These findings suggest that anamorelin is a valuable treatment option for patients with cancer cachexia and a low body mass index.
The prognostic significance of further genotyping H3G34 diffuse hemispheric gliomas
Authors: Vuong Huy Gia , Le Hieu Trong , Dunn Ian F. 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundH3G34‐mutant diffuse hemispheric glioma (DHG) is recognized as a new, distinct entity in the latest World Health Organization classification for central nervous system tumors and is associated with a particularly aggressive course. The authors performed a systematic review and pooled analysis to investigate the frequency of genetic events in these tumors and to determine whether these events were associated with survival trends.MethodsTwo electronic databases were accessed to search for relevant data. Included criteria were studies that had individual patient data on H3.3 G34‐mutant gliomas. To analyze the impact of genetic events on overall survival, Kaplan‐Meier analysis and Cox regression models were used, and corresponding hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals were computed.ResultsIn total, 20 studies with 257 H3G34‐mutant DHGs were included for integrated analyses. The H3 glycine‐to‐valine (H3G34V) mutation showed a significantly worse prognosis than the glycine‐to‐arginine (H3G34R) mutation (median overall survival, 9.9 vs 14.8 months; hazard ratio, 3.040; 95% confidence interval, 1.208‐7.651; P = .018), and this result remained statistically significant in the multivariate Cox regression model. Among H3G34 DHGs, TP53 mutation was the most common genetic alteration (94.9%), followed by ATRX alterations (87.5%), MGMT methylation (79.5%), and PDGFRA alterations (33.2%). The presence of PDGFRA amplification or EGFR amplification conferred poor survival. After adjusting for age and sex, these alterations were still independent indicators for adverse outcomes.ConclusionsThe authors highlight the important role of molecular stratification of H3G34 DHGs, which may help refine our understanding of the natural history of this group of malignant tumors.
Triptycene‐Based Molecular Rods for Langmuir‐Blodgett Monolayers
Authors: Kaletová Eva , Santos Hurtado Carina , Císařová Ivana , Teat Simon J. , Kaleta Jiří 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHerein we introduce fully modular synthesis leading to three representative examples of rigid molecular rods that are intended to form sturdy monolayers on various surfaces. These molecules contain two triptycene units that are designed to interlock into a compact “double‐decker” structure. Two of the three final products provided suitable crystals for X‐ray diffraction (analyzed on synchrotron), allowing deeper insight into packing in the 3‐D crystal lattice. The acidity of all three compounds were determined by capillary electrophoresis, and the pKa values ranged between 2.06‐2.53. All three rigid rods easily formed Langmuir‐Blodgett monolayers (LBMs) on the water‐air interfaces, with the area per molecule equal to 55–59 Å2/molecule, suggesting tight intermolecular packing. The thickness of all three films reached ∼19 Å after transfer to a gold (111) surface, meaning that individual molecules are tilted maximally 38° from the axis perpendicular to the surface. The structure of one of these films on a gold (111) surface was visualized by AFM. These geometrically unique molecules represent promising platforms with a wide scope of applicability in the supramolecular architecture.
Identification of potential biomarkers in urine and plasma after consumption of tobacco product in horses
Authors: Ishii Hideaki , Leung Gary Ngai‐Wa , Yamashita Shozo , Nagata Shun‐ichi , Kushiro Asuka , Sakai Satoshi , Toju Kota , Okada Jun , Kawasaki Kazumi , Kusano Kanichi , Kijima‐Suda Isao 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe use of nicotine stimulants in horses is generally banned in horse racing and equestrian sports—accidental consumption of tobacco products is one of the possible causes of nicotine exposure in horses. The authors recently reported a comprehensive metabolic study of nicotine in equines, differentiating between nicotine exposure and sample contamination by means of a nicotine biomarker trans‐3′‐hydroxycotinine. To identify potential biomarkers for the differentiation of genuine nicotine administration and consumption of tobacco products, tobacco leaves (equivalent to 250 mg of nicotine) were nasoesophageally administered to three thoroughbred mares. Quantification methods of anatabine in plasma and urine were newly developed and validated and successfully applied to postadministration samples. Previously reported simultaneous quantification methods of eight target analytes including nicotine and its metabolites in plasma and urine were also applied to the samples. The results demonstrate that both trans‐3′‐hydroxycotinine and anatabine could be used as potential biomarkers in equine urine and plasma to indicate recent exposure to tobacco products in horses. As well, trans‐3′‐hydroxycotinine had the longest half‐life as a detectable metabolite in urine and plasma. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a comprehensive study of tobacco product detection in horses.
Short‐term temporal variation of coastal marine eDNA
Authors: Jensen Mads Reinholdt , Sigsgaard Eva Egelyng , Ávila Marcelo de Paula , Agersnap Sune , Brenner‐Larsen William , Sengupta Mita Eva , Xing Yingchun , Krag Marcus Anders , Knudsen Steen Wilhelm , Carl Henrik , Møller Peter Rask , Thomsen Philip Francis 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTemporal variation in eDNA signals is increasingly explored for understanding community ecology in aquatic habitats. Seasonal changes have been addressed using eDNA sampling, but very little is known regarding short‐term temporal variation that spans hours to days. To address this, we filtered marine water samples from a single coastal site in Denmark every hour for 32 h. We used metabarcoding to target both fish and broader eukaryote diversity and evaluated temporal changes in this marine community. Results revealed variation in fish species richness (15–27) and eukaryote class richness (35–64) across the 32 h of sampling, and we further evaluated sampling efforts needed to reach different levels of diversity saturation. Relative read frequency data for both fish and eukaryotes indicated a clear diel change in community composition, with different communities detected during daylight versus dark hours. The abundance signals in our data reflected biological variation rather than stochastic variation, since replicates taken at the same hour were more similar to each other than those taken at different hours. Our compositional results indicated a dynamic community, rather than a static pool of eDNA—even across a few hours. The fish data showed a daily pattern of relative species abundances, and the uncoupling of fish and broader eukaryote data suggest that variation in eDNA profiles across a single day can provide valuable information reflecting diel changes, at least for highly mobile organism groups. However, our results also point to several pitfalls in current eDNA experimental design, in which samples are taken over large areas without relative time‐consistency or short‐term replication. Our findings shed new light on short‐term variation in coastal eDNA and have wide implications for experimental study design and for incorporating temporality into project conceptualization for future aquatic biodiversity monitoring.
Myocarditis following mRNA COVID‐19 vaccination: call for endomyocardial biopsy
Authors: Kiblboeck Daniel , Klingel Karin , Genger Martin , Traxler Selina , Braunsteiner Nathalie , Steinwender Clemens , Kellermair Joerg 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAcute myocarditis following mRNA COVID‐19 vaccination was reported by the European Medicine Agency safety committee as a rare adverse event. We present a case series of three young male patients with suspected acute myocarditis following BNT162b2 mRNA COVID‐19 vaccination including results of endomyocardial biopsies (EMB). Additionally, we analysed EMB of another 21 patients with clinically suspected acute myocarditis following vaccination to determine the pathohistological pattern. Overall, EMB revealed acute lymphocytic myocarditis in 5 (20.8%), chronic lymphocytic myocarditis in 6 (25%), cardiac sarcoidosis in 1 (4.2%), healed myocarditis in 6 (25%), and other diagnoses with cardiac damage of unclear aetiology in 6 (25%) cases. Our findings support the necessity of EMB in patients with suspected acute myocarditis following mRNA COVID‐19 vaccination presenting with reduced EF to establish a correct and definite diagnosis. Concerns of these rare severe adverse events after COVID‐19 immunization should not undermine its value for the global community.
Facile Synthesis of a Conjugated Macrocyclic Nanoring with Graphenic Hexabenzocoronene Sidewall as the Segment of [12,12] Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Wang Shengda , Li Xingcheng , Wei Kang , Zhang Xinyu , Yang Shangfeng , Zhuang Guilin , Du Pingwu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHerein, we report a facile synthesis of a conjugated macrocyclic nanoring, cyclo[9]paraphenylene‐2,11‐hexabenzocoronenylene ([9]CPPH2,11) with graphenic hexabenzocoronene sidewall by Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction. The structure of [9]CPPH2,11 was confirmed by HR‐MS and NMR. The photophysical properties were studied using UV/Vis and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Possessing unique structural and physical properties, this conjugated macrocyclic nanoring with a graphenic hexabenzocoronene sidewall can expand the scope of bottom‐up synthesis of uniform carbon nanotube segments and potential applications in hole‐ and electron‐ transport devices.
The effect of mental countermeasures on a novel brain‐based feedback concealed information test
Authors: Zheng Jinbin , Cheng Jiayu , Wang Chongxiang , Lin Xiaohong , Fu Genyue , Sai Liyang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe feedback concealed information test (fCIT) is a novel form of the CIT, providing participants with feedback regarding their memory concealment performance. The fCIT utilizes event‐related potentials (recognition‐P300 and feedback‐related event‐related potentials) and has been shown to provide high efficiency in detecting information concealment. However, it is unclear how well the fCIT performs in the presence of mental countermeasures. To address this question, participants were trained to use countermeasures during fCIT. Results showed that the recognition‐P300 efficiency decreased when participants used countermeasures. However, the efficiencies of feedback‐related negativity and feedback‐P300 were unchanged, with feedback‐P300 still showing a high detection efficiency (AUC = 0.86) during countermeasures. These findings demonstrate the potential of fCIT for subverting countermeasures.
Experimental investigation of transient thermal characteristics of a dry friction clutch using alternative friction materials under different operating conditions
Authors: Sherzaa Jenan S. , Hussain Ihsan Y. , Abdullah Oday I. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe thermal characteristics of four types of dry friction clutch materials (LUK, G95, HCC, and Tiger) are investigated experimentally and numerically in the present work under different working conditions; such as initial sliding angular velocity (ωro), torque (T), and sliding time (ts). The temperature distributions over a cross‐section of friction clutch elements (pressure plate and flywheel) are investigated and optimized during the sliding period (heating phase), and full engagement period (cooling phase). The effect of alternative frictional materials lining of a clutch disc on the thermal behavior of the sliding system under different operating conditions (different angular velocities, torques, and sliding periods) is investigated experimentally. The results showed that the maximum effect on the temperature values occurred when applying maximum torque (4.5 kg·m), maximum initial rotational speed (1200 rpm), slipping period (30 s). However, the temperature values at interface contact decrease when decreasing all the above input conditions values to (2.5 kg·m, 690 rpm, and slipping period to 8 s). The results showed that the temperature reduced (53%) from (180.4°C) for applied torque 4.5 kg·m with initial rotational speed (1200 rpm) and slip period (30 s) to (83.3°C) when applied torque 2.5 kg·m, initial rotational speed (680 rpm) and slip period (8 s) for clutch disc (LUK). It was obtained the same behavior for the other three discs (G95, HCC, and Tiger), but with different values of temperatures. The results show that the temperatures of the pressure plate interface (Tmax = 159.1°C) are higher than those at the flywheel interface (Tmax = 152.7°C), due to the low thermal capacity of pressure plate compared to the flywheel when using G95 frictional material. The experimental optimization results showed that the highest temperatures were obtained when using friction clutch disc (LUK), and minimum temperature when using (HCC) disc, around (20%) reduction when replaced (LUK) material with (HCC) under the same working conditions (T = 4.5 kg·m, ωro = 1200 rpm, and ts = 30 s).
Entropy analysis in MHD Couette flow of chemically reacting viscoelastic fluid past a deformable porous channel
Authors: Das Utpal J. , Patgiri Indushri 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHere, an investigation of MHD Couette flow of a chemically reacting viscoelastic fluid past a deformable porous layer with entropy generation using Walters liquid model has been considered. A binary, homogeneous, and isotropic mixture of fluid and solid phases in the porous medium is considered. The impact of heat source parameter and Soret effect are taken into account. The governing equations are solved analytically to obtain the expressions for solid displacement, fluid velocity, temperature, and concentration. The impact of relevant parameters on the flow system, temperature, concentration, mass transfer flux, entropy generation number, and Bejan number are discussed graphically. It is observed that solid displacement enhances due to the growth of drag and viscoelastic parameter, while it reduces due to rising volume fraction parameter. Fluid velocity rises when the volume fraction parameter increases. Rising Brinkmann number enhances the temperature, while Brinkmann number and Soret number reduces the species concentration. The irreversibility of heat transfer dominates the flow near the channel plates, while the effect of fluid friction irreversibility can be observed within the channel centerline region.
Investigating hydrologic controls on 26 Precambrian shield catchments using landscape, isotope tracer and flow metrics
Authors: Tafvizi Arghavan , James April L. , Yao Huaxia , Stadnyk Tricia A. , Ramcharan Charles 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAlthough many studies focus on catchment classification, hydrologists are challenged to find the most important variables for a meaningful catchment classification, especially in the heterogeneous environment of the Precambrian Shield. This study investigates landscape controls on hydrologic response by conducting a catchment classification of 26 catchments located within two Precambrian Shield watersheds (Sturgeon–French–Nipissing [SNF] and Muskoka) in central and Northeastern Ontario, Canada, using combinations of landscape characteristics (e.g. topography, geology, landcover), hydrometric variables, and stable isotopes of δ18O and δ2H in river flow. Weekly to monthly surveys of δ18O and δ2H in river flow were collected between 2013 and 2019. Flow metrics (e.g. Pardé coefficient and coefficient of variation of streamflow) were generated for 14 of the 26 rivers between 2008 and 2018. Principal component analyses (PCA) and Hierarchical Clustering on Principal Components (HCPC) analyses were used to identify variables controlling catchment clustering according to their similarities for four different scenarios. Despite their similar location along the southern edge of the Precambrian Shield, the 26 catchments generally clustered by watershed (SNF and Muskoka) with some exceptions. Differences in wetland and lake area (%), mean slope, and % area covered by glacialacustrine and glaciofluvial outwash deposits were the most influential variables in catchment classification. A positive correlation between % wetland area and streamflow stable isotope damping ratios suggests greater % wetland area (with shallow and potentially seasonally variable surface areas and/or hydrologic connection) observed in the SNF catchments increases variability in the influence of evaporative enrichment in SNF catchments. The catchment classification analyses in combination with stable isotopes of δ18O and δ2H were functional tools to investigate the combined influences of diverse types of catchment characteristics that lead to differences in hydrometric response. These results could support future studies focusing on generating hydrologic models and representing wetlands connectivity in the region.
Structures, properties, and challenges of emerging 2D materials in bioelectronics and biosensors
Authors: Chen Fan , Tang Qing , Ma Tian , Zhu Bihui , Wang Liyun , He Chao , Luo Xianglin , Cao Sujiao , Ma Lang , Cheng Chong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBioelectronics are powerful tools for monitoring and stimulating biological and biochemical processes, with applications ranging from neural interface simulation to biosensing. The increasing demand for bioelectronics has greatly promoted the development of new nanomaterials as detection platforms. Recently, owing to their ultrathin structures and excellent physicochemical properties, emerging two‐dimensional (2D) materials have become one of the most researched areas in the fields of bioelectronics and biosensors. In this timely review, the physicochemical structures of the most representative emerging 2D materials and the design of their nanostructures for engineering high‐performance bioelectronic and biosensing devices are presented. We focus on the structural optimization of emerging 2D material‐based composites to achieve better regulation for enhancing the performance of bioelectronics. Subsequently, the recent developments of emerging 2D materials in bioelectronics, such as neural interface simulation, biomolecular/biomarker detection, and skin sensors are discussed thoroughly. Finally, we provide conclusive views on the current challenges and future perspectives on utilizing emerging 2D materials and their composites for bioelectronics and biosensors. This review will offer important guidance in designing and applying emerging 2D materials in bioelectronics, thus further promoting their prospects in a wide biomedical field.image