bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short-term complications after onlay versus preperitoneal mesh repair of umbilical hernias: a prospective randomized double-blind trial
Authors: Fonseca Mariana Kumaira , Tarso Lissandro , Gus Jader , Cavazzola Leandro Totti 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
PURPOSE: To compare the incidence of surgical site occurrences (SSOs) following onlay versus preperitoneal mesh placement in elective open umbilical hernia repairs.METHODS: This study presents a secondary analysis of a randomized double-blind trial conducted on female patients with primary umbilical hernias admitted to a general hospital, in a residency training program setting. Fifty-six subjects were randomly assigned to either onlay (n=30) or preperitoneal (n=26) mesh repair group. Data on baseline demographics, past medical history, perioperative details, postoperative pain (visual analogue scale, VAS), wound-related complications and recurrence were assessed using a standardized protocol.RESULTS: No statistically significant differences were observed between groups regarding patients’ demographics, comorbidities or defect size. Operative time averaged 67.5 (28 – 110) minutes for onlay and 50.5 (31 – 90) minutes for preperitoneal repairs, p=.03. The overall rate of SSOs was 21.4% (n=12), mainly in the onlay group (33% vs 7.7%; p=0.02, 95% CI 0.03 – 0.85) and mostly due to seromas. There were no between-group significant differences in postoperative VAS scores at all timepoints. After a maximum follow-up of 48 months, one recurrence was reported in the onlay group. By logistic regression, the onlay technique was the only independent risk factor for SSOs. CONCLUSION: The presented data identified a decreased wound morbidity in preperitoneal umbilical hernia repairs, thus providing a good level of evidence for recommendations regarding mesh place selection in future guidelines. Further cases from this ongoing study and completion of follow-up are expected to also compare both techniques in terms of long-term outcomes.
RKIP suppresses influenza A virus-induced airway inflammatory response via the ERK/MAPK pathway
Authors: Ye Jing-Jing , Wei Si-Liang , Wei Yuan-Yuan , Zhang Da-Wei , Sun Li , Wu Hui-Mei , Shen Ji-Long , Yu Li , Wang Yong , Fei Guang-He 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objective
RKIP has been demonstrated as an inflammatory inhibiting mediator and involved in many diseases. However, the potential mechanism of RKIP on the inflammatory response induced by IAV was unclear.
Methods
The expression of RKIP and the change of inflammatory response were detected in BEAS-2B, DHBE and pNHBE cells infected by IAV. Locostatin was co-cultured with cells to downregulate the expression of RKIP. RKIP was overexpressed by transfecting lentivirus. And a small molecule inhibitor, SCH772984, specifically inhibited the activation of the ERK/MAPK pathway. C57BL/6 mice were also infected with IAV to further confirm our hypothesis in vivo.
Results
The expression of RKIP decreased inflammatory response was triggered by IAV infection in airway epithelial cells characterized by increased inflammatory cytokines and cell cycle arrest. Meanwhile, the ERK/MAPK pathway was activated by IAV infection. The results also showed that the down-expression of RKIP aggravated the airway inflammatory response. Conversely, overexpression of RKIP effectively alleviated the airway inflammatory response induced by IAV.
Conclusions
This study demonstrated RKIP played a protect role in airway epithelial cells against the inflammation via the ERK/MAPK pathway. Collectively, our findings suggested that RKIP negatively regulates airway inflammation and could be a promising therapeutic strategy for airway inflammatory related diseases induced by IAV.
Case of COVID mRNA Vaccine linked Antiphospholipid Syndrome
Authors: Balbona Eduardo J 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
There have been several reports of thrombotic adverse events after administration of the mRNA COVID vaccine [1] [2]. The onset of autoimmune disease has also been reported following viral illness as well as following vaccination [3]. The antiphospholipid syndrome is an autoimmune hypercoagulable state that can result in thrombotic events such as deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolus, and stroke [4]. The antiphospholipid syndrome has also been reported following natural Covid infection [5]. Herein we present a case of “antiphospholipid syndrome” following COVID mRNA vaccination and associated with life threatening thrombosis.
Systems spatiotemporal dynamics of traumatic brain injury at single cell resolution reveals humanin as a therapeutic target
Authors: Arneson Douglas , Zhang Guanglin , Ahn In Sook , Ying Zhe , Diamante Graciel , Cely Ingrid , Palafox-Sanchez Victoria , Gomez-Pinilla Fernando , Yang Xia 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
The etiology of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) remains elusive due to the tissue and cellular heterogeneity of the affected brain regions that underlie cognitive impairments and subsequent neurological disorders. This complexity is further exacerbated by disrupted circuits within and between cell populations across brain regions and the periphery, which occur at different timescales and in spatial domains.
Methods
We profiled three tissues (hippocampus, frontal cortex, and blood leukocytes) at the acute (24-hr) and subacute (7-day) phases of mTBI at single cell resolution.
Results
We demonstrated that the coordinated gene expression patterns across cell types were disrupted and re-organized by TBI at different timescales with distinct regional and cellular patterns. Gene expression-based network modeling implied astrocytes as a key regulator of the cell-cell coordination following mTBI in both hippocampus and frontal cortex across timepoints, and mt-Rnr2, which encodes the mitochondrial peptide humanin, as a potential target for intervention based on its broad regional and dynamic dysregulation following mTBI. Treatment of a murine mTBI model with humanin reversed cognitive impairment caused by mTBI through the restoration of metabolic pathways within astrocytes.
Conclusions
Our results offer a systems-level understanding of the dynamic and spatial regulation of gene programs by mTBI and pinpoint key target genes, pathways, and cell circuits that are amenable to therapeutics.
Atomic-scale characterization of the oxidation state of Ti in meteoritic hibonite: Implications for early solar system thermodynamics
Authors: Zanetta Pierre-Marie , Manga Venkateswara Rao , Chang Yao-Jen , Ramprasad Tarunika , Weber Juliane , Beckett John R. , Zega Thomas J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions (CAIs) in chondritic meteorites are composed of refractory minerals thought to be the first solids to have formed in the solar nebula. Among them, hibonite, nominally CaAl12O19, holds particular interest because it can incorporate significant amounts of Ti into its crystal structure in both Ti3+ and Ti4+ oxidation states. The relative amounts of these cations that are incorporated reflect the redox conditions under which the grain formed or last equilibrated and their measurement can provide insight into the thermodynamic landscape of the early solar nebula. Here we develop a new method for the quantification of Ti oxidation states using electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) in an aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) to apply it to hibonite.
Using a series of Ti-bearing oxides, we find that the onset intensity of the Ti L2,3 edge decreases with increasing Ti-oxidation state, which is corroborated by simulated Ti-oxide spectra using first-principles density-functional theory. We test the relationship on a set of synthetic hibonite grains with known Ti4+/ΣTi values and apply the developed method on a hibonite grain from a compact type A inclusion in the Northwest Africa (NWA) 5028 CR2 carbonaceous chondrite. The STEM-EELS data show that the chondritic hibonite grain is zoned with a Ti4+/ΣTi ratio ranging from 0.78 ± 0.04 to 0.93 ± 0.04 over a scale of 100 nm between the core and edge of the grain, respectively. The Ti substitution sites are characterized by experimental and calculated high-angle annular-dark-field (HAADF) images and atomic-level EEL spectrum imaging. Simulated HAADF images reveal that Ti is distributed between the M2 and M4 sites while Mg sits on the M3 site. Quantitative energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy shows that this grain is also zoned in Al and Ti. The Mg distribution is not well correlated with that of Ti and Ti4+/ΣTi at the nanoscale.
The spatial decoupling of the element composition and Ti-oxidation states suggests a multistage evolution for this hibonite grain. We hypothesize that Ti and Mg were incorporated into the structure during condensation at high temperature through multiple reactions. Transient heating, presumably in the solar nebula, adds complexity to the crystal chemistry and potentially redistributed Ti and Mg. Concurrently, the formation of oxygen vacancies as a result of a reducing gas, led to the reduction of Ti4+ to Ti3+. The multiple defect reactions occurring in this single hibonite crystal preclude a simple relationship between the Ti4+/ΣTi and the fO2 of formation. However, moving forward, these measurements are fundamental inputs for modeling of the thermodynamic conditions under which hibonite formed in the early solar nebula.
The NaCl-CaCO3 and NaCl-MgCO3 systems at 6 GPa: Link between saline and carbonatitic diamond forming melts
Authors: Shatskiy Anton , Podborodnikov Ivan V. , Fedoraeva Anastasia S. , Arefiev Anton V. , Bekhtenova Altyna , Litasov Konstantin D. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe frequent occurrence of chlorides and carbonates in the form of microinclusions of melts or high-density fluid (HDF) in diamonds and igneous minerals of kimberlites worldwide generates genuine interest in their phase diagrams under pressure. Here, we present the first experimental results on the phase relations in the NaCl-CaCO3 and NaCl-MgCO3 systems at 6 GPa in the range 1000–1600 °C performed using a multi-anvil press. We found that both systems have the eutectic type of phase diagrams. The subsolidus assemblages are represented by halite + aragonite and halite + magnesite. Halite-aragonite eutectic is situated just below 1200 °C and has a composition of 40 wt% NaCl and 60 wt% CaCO3. Halite-magnesite eutectic is located at 1300 °C and has a composition of 72 wt% NaCl and 28 wt% MgCO3. The halite melting point was established at 1500 °C. Complete miscibility between carbonate and chloride liquids was observed up to 1600 °C. The results support the hypotheses that saline HDF is either a low-temperature derivative or precursor of mantle carbonatite HDF. The data also do not exclude an alternative hypothesis, according to which saline HDF are formed as a result of the reduction of the carbonate component of chloride-containing carbonatite melts to diamond.
Heavy metals contamination in water, sediments and fish of freshwater ecosystems in Pakistan
Authors: Afzaal Muhammad , Hameed Saman , Liaqat Iram , Ali Khan Amir Amanat , abdul Manan Hafiz , Shahid Raja , Altaf Muhammad 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Freshwater ecosystems are being contaminated by heavy metal pollution. The primary source of contamination is wastewater discharged from urban, industrial, and agricultural facilities. The contaminated water contains hazardous amounts of heavy metals mixed in the freshwater ecosystem, causing deleterious impacts on marine life and humans. This review paper highlights the contamination of the freshwater ecosystem of Pakistan with heavy metals. Heavy metals' concentration in sediments, water, and fish were assessed in the food chain, and their relationship with sites and sources was explored. It was observed that heavy metals present in freshwater and sediments bio-accumulate into fish organs. It was also found that some parts of freshwaters such as the rivers Ravi, Chenab, Kabul, and Indus were highly contaminated, and they imposed negative impacts on fish and human health. The River Ravi, receiving a huge amount of industrial and sewage wastewater from urban centers and industries of Central Punjab, was highly contaminated compared to other rivers of Pakistan. The ecosystem health of River Indus was the best among all the rivers of Pakistan due to the enormous volume of water flow and less number of industrial units along with it. Freshwater fish of the rivers Indus, Chenab, and Jhelum are consumable for humans. The presence of heavy metals also causes social, environmental, and economic problems. Therefore, the wastewater should be treated before discharge into freshwater streams and rivers to lessen the harmful impacts of heavy metals on marine life and human beings.
Invasive and Pharmacological Treatment of Deep Vein Thrombosis: A Scoping
Review
Authors: Sagris Marios , Tzoumas Andreas , Kokkinidis Damianos G. , Korosoglou Grigorios , Lichtenberg Michael , Tzavellas Georgios 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
The annual occurrence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) is 300,000-600,000 cases in the United
States and 700,000 in Europe. VTE includes deep venous thrombosis (DVT) of upper or lower extremities, superior and inferior vena cava thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism (PE) as well. The primary treatment of
DVT includes oral anticoagulation to prevent the progression of the thrombus and decrease the risk of pulmonary embolism. Depending on the symptoms, more invasive treatments can be applied to target the iliofemoral
thrombus and its removal. However, less emphasis is given to acute symptomatology, early recovery of function, quality of life improvement, and the individualized likelihood of developing post-thrombotic syndrome.
While invasive therapy has been used to enhance the acute management of iliofemoral DVT, our knowledge
about the overall outcomes associated with the invasive treatment of VTE is still limited. In this review, we illustrate the available data on pharmacological and endovascular management of iliofemoral VTE, including
therapies such as catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT), mechanical thrombectomy (PMT), and pharmacomechanical catheter-directed thrombolysis (PCDT).
Effect of the Ruan Jian Qing Mai Recipe on Wound Healing in Diabetic
Mice and Prediction of its Potential Targets
Authors: Yao Guangtao , Cao Yemin , Zhang Jiange , Zhang Pei , Wang Zefeng , Shi Yongjia 
Published: April 2022

Background:
The “Ruan Jian Qing Mai (RJQM) recipe” is a traditional Chinese medicine
(TCM), which has been found to have significant curative effects on diabetic ulcers in the
clinic for a long time. Previous research has shown that RJQM can improve diabetic skin wound
healing and promote angiogenesis. However, the active ingredients of the RJQM recipe and its
pharmacological mechanism of treatment for diabetic skin wound healing still remain unclear.This
study aims to investigate the effect of the RJQM recipe on diabetic wound healing, and to identify
the possible active ingredients and their mechanism.

Method:
First, a skin injury model was established in diabetic mice, and wound healing was evaluated
by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction
(RT-qPCR), and western blot analysis. Second, the chemical constituents of the RJQM recipe
were analyzed and identified by ultra pressure liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLCMS).
Finally, the possible targets of drug treatment for diabetic skin injury were analyzed by network
pharmacology and verified by in vitro experiments using cell culture.

Results:
(1) In the full-thickness skin injury model, the skin wound healing rate and healing area
were significantly increased in mice treated with the RJQM recipe compared with those of the
model group. The results of immunofluorescence staining showed that the RJQM recipe could increase
the expression of VEGF protein and promote the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle
cells and the formation of microvessels, and RT-qPCR results found that the mRNA expression of
angiogenesis-related factors in the RJQM recipe group was significantly higher than that in the
model group. (2) A total of 25 compounds were identified by UPLC-MS. (3) According to the results
of network pharmacology, the therapeutic effect of the RJQM recipe on diabetic skin injury
may be related to S6 (quercetin), S1 (typhaneoside), S18 (isoliquiritigenin), protein kinase B-α
(Akt1), phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1 (PIK3R1), insulin-like growth factor I receptor
(IGF1R), vascular endothelial growth factor-a (VEGF-a), signal transducer and activator of
transcription-3 (STAT3) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase-protein kinase B (PI3K-Akt) signaling
pathways. Based on the predictions by network pharmacology, we proved that the drug could treat
diabetic skin damage by activating the PI3K-Akt-VEGF signaling pathway.

Conclusion:
The RJQM recipe promotes the formation of granulation tissue during the process of
wound healing and exerts a good therapeutic effect on diabetic skin wound healing.
Current Drug Targets for Gut Microbiota Biocorrection during the
SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sinelnikov Mikhail Y. , Sankova Maria V. , Nikolenko Vladimir N. , Oganesyan Marine V. , Bakhmet Anastasia A. , Gavryushova Lilia V. , Sankov Sergey V. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
The gut microbiota are known to play an important role in maintaining the body’s home-ostasis and increasing its immunoresistance. Their role has not been well defined in the course of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Aim:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the pathogenetic relationship between gut microbiota, immunological reactivity disruption and microbiota pathologies with the new coronavirus infec-tion's course in order to substantiate the use of current drugs correcting gut microbiota during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

Materials and Methods:
Electronic databases of WHO Infection Control, Global Health, Sci-enceDirect, Elsevier, CDC infection diseases database, Google Academy, "Scientific electronic li-brary eLIBRARY.RU", MEDLINE, CyberLeninka, Embase, PubMed-NCBI, RSCI, Scopus, and Cochrane Library were used for this analytical research.

Results:
The research results showed normal gut microbiota as one of the important components of a multilevel immune defense system. The intestinal microbiota support the notion of initial activa-tion and readiness in order to induce a quick response to the invasion of pathogens, including RNA viruses, such as SARS-CoV-2. Current research suggests that the intestinal microbiota play an im-portant role in the pathogenesis and predetermination of disease severity in COVID-19. By produc-ing essential metabolites and neutralizing toxic substrates, symbionts regulate the functioning of all organs and systems, maintaining the body’s homeostasis and immunological responses. Intestinal microbiota disorders determine the postvaccination anti-COVID immunity's efficacy, specifically the susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 and the severity of this infection. This is done by stimulating a local intestinal immune response via secretory immunoglobulins and the acquired immunity of the microbiome. The high prevalence of dysbiosis within the populous indicates the necessity of regular gut microbiota biocorrection during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Our systematic review of current biopreparations correcting gut microbiota provides a valuable reference to the practicing clinicians to quickly specify and develop a wide variety of medicines, assess their capabilities, and choose the optimal treatment for patients at risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Conclusion:
Current data support the notion that gut microflora biocorrection may help increase population immunity and preserve public health during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
Solid Lipid Nanoparticles: A Potential Option for Enhancing Oral Bioavailability
of Highly Soluble and Poorly Permeable (BCS Class III) Drugs
Authors: Sangeetha S.  , Sri Rekha M.  , Seetha Devi A.  
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
Oral administration of drug is the most preferred one among the other routes for the majority
of clinical applications. As compared to the parenteral method of administration, it has potential benefits
such as increased patient compliance, fewer problems, and reduced treatment costs. Regardless of
these factors, inadequate bioavailability owing to poor solubility or permeability limits the therapeutic
effectiveness of orally given drugs. Though most current research focuses on BCS II (drugs with low
solubility and high permeability), BCS III (drugs with high solubility and low permeability) also has
poor oral bioavailability due to their limited permeability across lipid membranes and is usually administered
through the parenteral route. The need for an oral alternative to parenteral administration has
prompted a renewed focus on the development of innovative dosage forms that support the absorption
of medicines that are poorly permeable through the intestinal epithelium. Because of their unique sizedependent
feature in enhancing transmembrane permeability, ability to incorporate both lipophilic and
hydrophilic drugs and biocompatible nature of components, the use of nanoparticles for improving drug
bioavailability has been a focus of current study in the field of drug delivery in recent years. The lipidbased
nanoparticle method presents a potential new avenue for manufacturing BCS Class III medicines
with enhanced bioavailability, as poor permeability is the main issue for these agents. This research
aims to assess the potential of lipid nanoparticles for improving the oral bioavailability of medicines
with permeability-restricted oral absorption, such as pharmaceuticals in Biopharmaceutical Classification
System (BCS) class III.
Oral Candidiasis and Novel Therapeutic Strategies: Antifungals, Phytotherapy,
Probiotics, and Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Contaldo Maria , Di Stasio Dario , Romano Antonio , Fiori Fausto , Della Vella Fedora , Rupe Cosimo , Lajolo Carlo , Petruzzi Massimo , Serpico Rosario , Lucchese Alberta 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
Oral candidiasis is an opportunistic infection of the oral mucosa sustained by fungi of the
genus Candida. Various Candida species, with a predominance of C. albicans, normally a saprophyte of
the oral cavity, may become virulent and infect the oral mucosa with variegated clinical presentation, in
case of imbalance of the oral microbiota, the presence of local predisposing factors and systemic conditions
that weaken the immune system. Conventionally, oral candidiasis eradication is done with the help
of antifungal drugs. However, the growing phenomena of drug resistance and the increase in infections
sustained by non-albicans species being less responsive to common antifungals have orientied researches
towards the experimentation of alternative therapies. The present review considered the most promising
alternative therapeutic proposals. The use of plant derivatives with phytotherapy is a promising
option, such as probiotics, to rebalance the oral microbiota in case of dysbiosis. Finally, antimicrobial
photodynamic therapy (aPDT), with highly selective fungicidal activity and free of side effects, is also
being studied as a powerful alternative to drug administration. All these therapies are alternatives or
supportive to the conventional treatment of recurrent and non-drug-responsive forms of oral candidiasis.
However, further studies are needed to define the most active compounds, the efficacy of the therapies
compared with the conventional ones, and the planning of regulated and standardized protocols.