bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lifestyle behaviors, metabolic disturbances, and weight gain in psychiatric inpatients treated with weight gain-associated medication
Authors: Simon Maria S , Barton Barbara , Zagler Anja , Engl Katharina , Rihs Leonora , Glocker Catherine , Musil Richard 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMany psychiatric patients suffer from overweight/obesity and subsequent metabolic disturbances, where psychotropic medication is one of the main contributors. However, the magnitude of weight gain ranges individually, which leads to questioning the role of other contributors like lifestyle factors. The present study investigated several lifestyle factors among psychiatric inpatients, their relation to biological factors, and their predictive capability for weight gain during treatment. Using a naturalistic observational study design, psychiatric inpatients of all diagnoses were followed for 4 weeks from the start of treatment with weight gain-associated medication. N = 163 participants entered the study. Lifestyle factors were assessed by patient self-report questionnaires. Body weight change over time was calculated relative to baseline body weight. Our study provides three main findings: (1) Obesity and/or metabolic syndrome (metSy) were associated with emotional eating (disinhibition), craving for fast food and sweets, and weight cycling. (2) Patients without metSy and normal BMI experienced increased sweets craving (also for women), a more positive attitude towards drugs, and an improvement of affect (also for men). (3) Sex, presence of metSy and/or drug dosage interacted with disinhibition change, sweets craving change (trend), and fast food craving change to predict weight change over time. Furthermore, drug attitude change interacted with BMI, drug dosage, and presence of metSy to predict weight change. Lifestyle factors, especially eating behaviors, are related to metabolic disturbances and predict weight gain in interaction with clinical parameters.
Meridional ocular magnification after cataract surgery with toric and non-toric intraocular lenses
Authors: Langenbucher Achim , Hoffmann Peter , Cayless Alan , Wendelstein Jascha , Bolz Matthias , Szentmáry Nóra 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Overall ocular magnification (OOM) and meridional ocular magnification (MOM) with consequent image distortions have been widely ignored in modern cataract surgery. The purpose of this study was to investigate OOM and MOM in a general situation with an astigmatic refracting surface.

Methods
From a large dataset containing biometric measurements (IOLMaster 700) of both eyes of 9734 patients prior to cataract surgery, the equivalent (PIOLeq) and cylindric power (PIOLcyl) were derived for the HofferQ, Haigis, and Castrop formulae for emmetropia. Based on the pseudophakic eye model, OOM and MOM were extracted using 4 × 4 matrix algebra for the corrected eye (with PIOLeq/PIOLcyl (scenario 1) or with PIOLeq and spectacle correction of the residual refractive cylinder (scenario 2) or with PIOLeq remaining the residual uncorrected refractive cylinder (blurry image) (scenario 3)). In each case, the relative image distortion of MOM/OOM was calculated in %.

Results
On average, PIOLeq/PIOLcyl was 20.73 ± 4.50 dpt/1.39 ± 1.09 dpt for HofferQ, 20.75 ± 4.23 dpt/1.29 ± 1.01 dpt for Haigis, and 20.63 ± 4.31 dpt/1.26 ± 0.98 dpt for Castrop formulae. Cylindric refraction for scenario 2 was 0.91 ± 0.70 dpt, 0.89 ± 0.69 dpt, and 0.89 ± 0.69 dpt, respectively. OOM/MOM (× 1000) was 16.56 ± 1.20/0.08 ± 0.07, 16.56 ± 1.20/0.18 ± 0.14, and 16.56 ± 1.20/0.08 ± 0.07 mm/mrad with HofferQ; 16.64 ± 1.16/0.07 ± 0.06, 16.64 ± 1.16/0.18 ± 0.14, and 16.64 ± 1.16/0.07 ± 0.06 mm/mrad with Haigis; and 16.72 ± 1.18/0.07 ± 0.05, 16.72 ± 1.18/0.18 ± 0.14, and 16.72 ± 1.18/0.07 ± 0.05 mm/mrad with Castrop formulae. Mean/95% quantile relative image distortion was 0.49/1.23%, 0.41/1.05%, and 0.40/0.98% for scenarios 1 and 3 and 1.09/2.71%, 1.07/2.66%, and 1.06/2.64% for scenario 2 with HofferQ, Haigis, and Castrop formulae.

Conclusion
Matrix representation of the pseudophakic eye allows for a simple and straightforward prediction of OOM and MOM of the pseudophakic eye after cataract surgery. OOM and MOM could be used for estimating monocular image distortions, or differences in overall or meridional magnifications between eyes.
Central venous catheter–associated complications in pediatric patients diagnosed with Hodgkin lymphoma: implications for catheter choice
Authors: van den Bosch Ceder H. , Spijkerman Judith , Wijnen Marc H. W. A. , Hovinga Idske C. L. Kremer , Meyer-Wentrup Friederike A. G. , van der Steeg Alida F. W. , van de Wetering Marianne D. , Fiocco Marta , Morsing Indra E. , Beishuizen Auke 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to determine the most optimal central venous catheter (CVC) for pediatric patients with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) in terms of complications.

Methods
A retrospective study including patients diagnosed with HL from 2015 to 2021 at the Princess Máxima Center was performed. Patients were followed from CVC insertion until removal or 06–2021, whichever came first. The primary outcome was the CVC-related complication incidence rate (IR) per 1000 CVC-days. Furthermore, the incidence rate ratio (IRR) was calculated by comparing complication IRs between peripherally inserted central catheters (PICC) and totally implantable venous access ports (TIVAP). Additionally, risk factors for central venous thrombosis (CVT) were identified.

Results
A total of 98 patients were included. The most frequently observed complications were local irritation/infections (18%; IR 0.93), malfunctions (15%; IR 0.88), and CVC-related CVTs (10%; IR 0.52). Single lumen PICCs were associated with a higher risk of complications (49% vs. 26%; IRR 5.12, CI95% 2.76–9.50), severe complications (19% vs. 7%; IRR 11.96, CI95% 2.68–53.42), and early removal (18% vs. 7%; IRR 9.96, CI95% 2.18–45.47). A single lumen PICC was identified as a risk factor for CVC-related CVT when compared to TIVAPs (12% vs. 7%, IRR 6.98, CI95% 1.45–33.57).

Conclusion
The insertion of a TIVAP rather than a PICC should be recommended for pediatric patients with HL, especially in the presence of CVT-related risk factors. Future trials should evaluate the efficacy and safety of direct oral anticoagulants for the primary prevention of CVT in pediatric patients with a PICC and other CVT-related risk factors.
Multiscale variability of China’s historical flood/drought index and precipitation teleconnections with ENSO using wavelet analyses
Authors: Wang Dong , Du Shuang-Chen , Jia Wenjing 
Published: July 2022

AbstractStudies of the low-frequency variabilities of key climate variables are often handicapped by the limited length of available instrumental observations. To tackle this, the use of a set of historical flood/drought index (FDI) spanning from AD 1470 to 2000 for 120 sites in China has been made to investigate the multiscale temporal variability of annual precipitation by applying wavelet methods. The analyses reveal oscillating components of the FDI time series from the decadal to multi-decadal, and to the quasi-centennial range, as well as in the interannual range. Furthermore, the relationships of the FDI with the dominant mode of oscillations in the coupled ocean–atmosphere system, i.e., the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) index, on a range of time scales have been probed by cross wavelet transform and wavelet coherence methods. Statistically significant coherence between FDI and ENSO index time series has been found for regions in eastern China south of the Yangtze River (inclusive) at the decadal to multi-decadal time scale (10- to 50-yr) after 1750, as well as for north China on the 10- to 30-year range in the eighteenth century. The FDI is less coherent with the ENSO index for other regions of China. The results of the present study may add to our understanding of the connections between long-term changes of annual precipitation and large-scale oscillations in the coupled ocean–atmosphere system, and provide a scientific basis for developing policies to adapt to future changes in water abundance.
Closing the “happiness gap” by closing the wealth gap: the role of wealth on life satisfaction between east and west-Germans
Authors: Kasinger Christoph , Braunheim Lisa , Beutel Manfred , Brähler Elmar 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
In Germany there is a large wealth gap between East and West Germans as well as a gap in life satisfaction, with people in East Germany reporting to be less satisfied. This paper intends to shed light on the role of the different levels of wealth and their association with life satisfaction. On a wider scale, this paper examines psychological consequences of wealth inequality between large societal groups.

Method
Longitudinal data from the years 2007, 2012, and 2017 of the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP) with a sample size of N = 5066 (Nfemale = 2522, Nwest = 3756, mage2007 = 50.46) was used. To test our hypothesis, multiple linear regression models as well as a fixed-effects regression model were run. Furthermore, to examine the development of wealth distribution between different birth cohorts in East and West Germany a latent growth curve model was calculated.

Results
Net-worth was found to be a highly significant predictor for life satisfaction. This holds true for variance between respondents as well as for individual change over time within respondents. Additionally, the results show that the wealth gap between East and West Germans in total as well as within most of the birth cohorts increased.

Conclusion
Due to their socialistic history and the related obstacles in acquiring wealth as well as the unbalanced distribution of GDR-assets after the reunification, East Germans are significantly less wealthy than West Germans. This has consequences on the mental well-being and the life satisfaction of East Germans.
Potentially inappropriate prescribing for adults living with diabetes mellitus: a scoping review
Authors: Ayalew Mohammed Biset , Spark M. Joy , Quirk Frances , Dieberg Gudrun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundPeople living with diabetes often experience multiple morbidity and polypharmacy, increasing their risk of potentially inappropriate prescribing. Inappropriate prescribing is associated with poorer health outcomes.AimThe aim of this scoping review was to explore and map studies conducted on potentially inappropriate prescribing among adults living with diabetes and to identify gaps regarding identification and assessment of potentially inappropriate prescribing in this group.MethodStudies that reported any type of potentially inappropriate prescribing were included. Studies conducted on people aged < 18 years or with a diagnosis of gestational diabetes or prediabetes were excluded. No restrictions to language, study design, publication status, geographic area, or clinical setting were applied in selecting the studies. Articles were systematically searched from 11 databases.ResultsOf the 190 included studies, the majority (63.7%) were conducted in high-income countries. None of the studies used an explicit tool specifically designed to identify potentially inappropriate prescribing among people with diabetes. The most frequently studied potentially inappropriate prescribing in high-income countries was contraindication while in low- and middle-income countries prescribing omission was the most common. Software and websites were mostly used for identifying drug-drug interactions. The specific events and conditions that were considered as inappropriate were inconsistent across studies.ConclusionContraindications, prescribing omissions and dosing problems were the most commonly studied types of potentially inappropriate prescribing. Prescribers should carefully consider the individual prescribing recommendations of medications. Future studies focusing on the development of explicit tools to identify potentially inappropriate prescribing for adults living with diabetes are needed.
How can precision farming work on a small scale? A systematic literature review
Authors: Mizik Tamás 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe agri-food industry faces a great challenge due to the growing global population. When considering land scarcity, this can be solved only by a higher production efficiency. Precision agriculture (PA) provides a potential answer. Most farms, especially in developing countries, are small-scale units that have difficulties in applying precision agriculture technologies. On the basis of the systematically selected articles, major benefits and constraints were identified, and solutions were provided. Due to the low economic performance of smallholdings, (demonstrated) economic benefits are essential; however, it should be added that PA also provides potential environmental benefits. The five main constraints of precision agriculture technologies at the small-scale level are small land size, high cost of adoption, technology-related difficulties, lack of professional support and lack of supporting policy. The solutions provided by the literature are various, including, among others, joint/collective actions, zone delineation/field boundary detection, cooperation-cooperatives; low-cost technology, common machinery usage; education, (common) knowledge, use of standards, simple and user-friendly technology; professional support of vendors, advisors, agricultural contractor services; and policy-initiated investments and adequate regulations, respectively. Lower cost, modular technologies can help to accelerate PA uptake.
Modeling Electrical Resistance Behavior of Soft and Flexible Piezoresistive Sensors Based on Carbon-Black/Silicone Elastomer Composites
Authors: Yong Shi , Aw Kean 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSoft and flexible strain piezoresistive sensors are gaining interest in wearable and robotic applications, but resistance relaxation limits the widespread use of the sensors. As soft, flexible, and stretchable sensors, they can easily be retrofitted into any existing robotic hand. To understand the resistance relaxation of stretchable sensors, three different elastomers were used to fabricate soft piezoresistive sensors. The experimental results showed that the sensor has good linearity and scalability while their resistance is strongly influenced by the stretching speed and modulus of the elastomer. Thus, the Kevin Voigt model was adopted to describe the sensor’s change of resistance during the stretching process. The model is sufficient to describe the change of resistance of the carbon black/elastomer filler when the sensors are stretched before the fracturing of the conductive filler. However, when the filler fractures, the model is invalid. The behavior indicates that the elongation of the sensor must not exceed the strain that causes the filler to fracture.
A Novel Set-Up for In Situ Measurement and Mapping of Lubricant Film Thickness in a Model Rolling Bearing Using Interferometry and Ratiometric Fluorescence Imaging
Authors: Chennaoui Mourad , Fowell Mark , Liang He , Kadiric Amir 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper describes a unique experimental set-up constructed for studies of lubricant behaviour in an operating rolling element bearing including in situ quantitative measurements of film thickness in and around the element-raceway contact. The set-up is based on a deep groove ball bearing in which the outer race is made of sapphire to allow full optical access to the zone in which the rolling elements are loaded against it. This allows direct imaging of lubricant films under both steady-state and transient conditions and at contact pressures and rotational speeds representative of those present in real rolling element bearings. Optical interferometry is used to measure thin EHL films inside the ball–raceway contacts while a specific laser induced fluorescence approach, referred to as ratiometric fluorescence, is implemented to observe the lubricant distribution and quantify its thickness ahead of the ball–raceway contact. Results are presented to validate the accuracy of the method and to investigate the influence of bulk lubricant viscosity and bearing speed on contact film thickness, inlet starvation and lubricant distribution around the ball–raceway contact. To the best of our knowledge, the work described here is the first to directly measure lubricant distribution and EHL film thickness in a ball–raceway contact in an operating radial rolling bearing.
Graphical Abstract
An overview of the environmental pollution and health effects associated with waste landfilling and open dumping
Authors: Siddiqua Ayesha , Hahladakis John N. , Al-Attiya Wadha Ahmed K A 
Published: July 2022

AbstractLandfilling is one of the most common waste management methods employed in all countries alike, irrespective of their developmental status. The most commonly used types of landfills are (a) municipal solid waste landfill, (b) industrial waste landfill, and (c) hazardous waste landfill. There is, also, an emerging landfill type called “green waste landfill” that is, occasionally, being used. Most landfills, including those discussed in this review article, are controlled and engineered establishments, wherein the waste ought to abide with certain regulations regarding their quality and quantity. However, illegal and uncontrolled “landfills” (mostly known as open dumpsites) are, unfortunately, prevalent in many developing countries. Due to the widespread use of landfilling, even as of today, it is imperative to examine any environmental- and/or health-related issues that have emerged. The present study seeks to determine the environmental pollution and health effects associated with waste landfilling by adopting a desk review design. It is revealed that landfilling is associated with various environmental pollution problems, namely, (a) underground water pollution due to the leaching of organic, inorganic, and various other substances of concern (SoC) contained in the waste, (b) air pollution due to suspension of particles, (c) odor pollution from the deposition of municipal solid waste (MSW), and (d) even marine pollution from any potential run-offs. Furthermore, health impacts may occur through the pollution of the underground water and the emissions of gases, leading to carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic effects of the exposed population living in their vicinity.
Graphical abstract
Effect of time windows in LSTM networks for EEG-based BCIs
Authors: Martín-Chinea K. , Ortega J. , Gómez-González J. F. , Pereda E. , Toledo J. , Acosta L. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPeople with impaired motor function could be helped by an effective brain–computer interface (BCI) based on a real-time electroencephalogram (EEG) and artificial intelligence algorithms. However, current methodologies for interpreting patient instructions from an EEG are not accurate enough to be completely safe in a real-world situation , where a poor decision would place their physical integrity at risk, such as when traveling in an electric wheelchair in a city. For various reasons, such as the low signal-to-noise ratio of portable EEGs or the effects of signal contamination (disturbances due to user movement, temporal variation of the features of EEG signals, etc.), a long short-term memory network (LSTM) (a type of recurrent neural network) that is able to learn data flow patterns from EEG signals could improve the classification of the actions taken by the user. In this paper, the effectiveness of using an LSTM with a low-cost wireless EEG device in real time is tested, and the time window that maximizes its classification accuracy is studied. The goal is to be able to implement it in the BCI of a smart wheelchair with a simple coded command protocol, such as opening or closing the eyes, which could be executed by patients with reduced mobility. Results show a higher resolution of the LSTM with an accuracy range between 77.61 and 92.14% compared to traditional classifiers (59.71%), and an optimal time window of around 7 s for the task done by users in this work. In addition, tests in real-life contexts show that a trade-off between accuracy and response times is necessary to ensure detection.
Phase Equilibria in the Ti-Rich Part of the Ti-Al-Nb System—Part I: Low-Temperature Phase Equilibria Between 700 and 900 °C
Authors: Distl B. , Hauschildt K. , Rashkova B. , Pyczak F. , Stein F. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPrecise knowledge of the phase equilibria in the Ti-Al-Nb system between 700 and 900 °C is of crucial importance for the urgently needed improvement of TiAl-based turbine materials already in industrial use to achieve further energy savings. As a result of the occurrence of the two ternary intermetallic phases ωo(“Ti4NbAl3”) and O (“Ti2NbAl”), which form in the solid state just in the range of the application-relevant temperatures, the phase relations are very complex and not well studied. In the present investigation, isothermal sections of the Ti-rich part of the Ti-Al-Nb system at 700, 800, and 900 °C were determined by a systematic study of 15 ternary alloys, one solid-solid diffusion couple, and three liquid-solid diffusion couples. Using scanning electron microscopy, electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), x-ray diffraction (XRD), high-energy XRD (HEXRD), differential thermal analysis (DTA), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigations, type and composition of phases as well as phase transitions were determined. With these results, the phase equilibria were established. A focus of the investigations is on the homogeneity ranges of the two ternary phases ωoand O, which both are stable up to temperatures above 900 °C. Based on the compositions measured for the ωophase and its crystal structure type, a new formula (Ti,Nb)2Al is suggested. The results also indicate that the phase field of the ωophase is split into two parts at 900 °C because of the growing phase field of the ordered (βTi,Nb)ophase.
Reverse image filtering with clean and noisy filters
Authors: Wang Lizhong , Fayolle Pierre-Alain , Belyaev Alexander G. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractGiven an image filter $${{\varvec{y}}}={{\varvec{f}}}\,({{\varvec{x}}})$$

y

=

f

(

x

)

, where $${{\varvec{x}}}$$

x

and $${{\varvec{y}}}$$

y

are input and output images, respectively, reverse image filtering consists of rendering an approximation to $${{\varvec{x}}}$$

x

from $${{\varvec{y}}}$$

y

using the filter $${{\varvec{f}}}\,(\cdot )$$

f

(
·
)

itself as a black box, without knowing the internal structure of the filter. In this paper, we propose to use modified Landweber iterations for reverse image filtering, evaluate the performance of our approach, and present applications to image deblurring and super-resolution. An important advantage of our approach over the existing reverse image filtering methods is high robustness to noise.