bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term Multiband Near-infrared Variability of the Blazar OJ 287 during 2007–2021
Authors: Gupta Alok C. , Kushwaha Pankaj , Carrasco L. , Xu Haiguang , Wiita Paul J. , Escobedo G. , Porras A. , Recillas E. , Mayya Y. D. , Chavushyan V. , Villarroel Beatriz , Zhang Zhongli 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We present the most extensive and well-sampled long-term multiband near-infrared (NIR) temporal and spectral variability study of OJ 287, considered to be the best candidate binary supermassive black hole blazar. These observations were made between 2007 December and 2021 November. The source underwent ∼2–2.5 mag variations in the J, H, and Ks NIR bands. Over these long-term timescales there were no systematic trends in either flux or spectral evolution with time or with the source’s flux states. However, on shorter timescales, there are significant variations in flux and spectra indicative of strong changes during different activity states. The NIR spectral energy distributions show diverse facets at each flux state, from the lowest to the highest. The spectra are, in general, consistent with a power-law spectral profile (within 10%) and many of them indicate minor changes (observationally insignificant) in the shift of the peak. The NIR spectra generally steepen during bright phases. We briefly discuss these behaviors in the context of blazar emission scenarios/mechanisms, OJ 287's well-known traditional behavior, and implications for models of the source central engine invoked for its long-term optical semiperiodic variations.
Improved Background Model for the Large Area X-Ray Proportional Counter (LAXPC) Instrument on board AstroSat
Authors: Antia H. M. , Agrawal P. C. , Katoch Tilak , Manchanda R. K. , Mukerjee Kallol , Shah Parag 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We present an improved background model for the Large Area X-ray Proportional Counter (LAXPC) detectors on board AstroSat. Because of the large collecting area and high pressure, the LAXPC instrument has a large background count rate, which varies during the orbit. Apart from the variation with latitude and longitude during the orbit there is a prominent quasi-diurnal variation which has not been previously modeled. Using over 5 yr of background observations, we determined the period of the quasi-diurnal variation to be 84,495 s and using this period it is possible to account for the variation and also identify time intervals where the fit is not good. These lead to a significant improvement in the background model. The quasi-diurnal variation can be ascribed to the changes in charged particle flux in the near-Earth orbit.
L'autonomie des parties au procès pénal
Authors: Miniato Lionel 
Published: June 2022

En matière pénale, l'autonomie des parties a toujours été une modalité pour se défendre, sauf exceptions tenant à certaines procédures ou à la vulnérabilité des mineurs et des majeurs protégés. Mais cette autonomie était une « fausse autonomie » car la loi réservait parfois l'application du contradictoire aux personnes assistées d'un avocat. Sous l'influence de la Cour européenne des droits de l'homme, l'autonomie a été renforcée pour devenir un véritable principe. Ce renforcement de l'autonomie pour se défendre paraît salutaire puisqu'il permet de garantir l'effectivité du droit à un procès équitable. Pourtant, si on considère que la vulnérabilité doit être entendue au sens large car pouvant aussi être liée aux circonstances, il en résulte que tout justiciable doit être considéré comme vulnérable. Partant, cette autonomie dessert plutôt ses intérêts.
Mapeamento participativo:
Authors: Quintanilha Bruno Lins , Deus Leandro Andrei Beser de 
Published: June 2022

A problemática central do artigo gira em torno da seguinte questão: o mapeamento participativo pode ser uma ferramenta, uma forma de mapeamento com potencial para, através da construção coletiva e uso dos mapas, contribuir como possibilidade para a educação geográfica? Sendo assim, o objetivo é analisar o mapeamento participativo como possibilidade didático-pedagógica para a educação geográfica. A partir disso, houve a aplicação de um projeto de mapeamento participativo em uma turma de graduação em Geografia da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Posteriormente, há aplicação da técnica de grupo focal com participantes do mapeamento, com a intenção de gerar dados que possibilitem avaliar os impactos e possibilidades pedagógicas da atividade. A partir da análise dos dados gerados, identificou-se que o mapeamento participativo executado por graduandos de Geografia gerou variadas possibilidades de aprendizagens cartográficas, geográficas e de caráter cidadão-social, tanto através da produção de mapas quanto do exercício de análise destes. Além disso, enquanto método ativo de ensino, o mapeamento participativo gerou engajamento dos participantes e percepção positiva da atividade. Por fim, identificamos que o mapeamento participativo é uma possibilidade pedagógica e metodológica tanto para a aprendizagem geográfica quanto cartográfica, podendo vir a ser mais uma ferramenta para a educação geográfica.
Palavras-chave
Mapeamento participativo, Educação geográfica, Métodos ativos.

Participatory mapping: an analysis of possibilities for geography education
Abstract
The central problem of the paper revolves around the following question: can participatory mapping be a tool, a form of mapping with the potential to, through the collective construction and use of maps, contribute as a possibility for geography education? Therefore, the objective is to analyze participatory mapping as a didactic-pedagogical possibility for geography education. Based on that, there was an application of a participatory mapping project in an undergraduate class in geography at the Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Subsequently, the focus group technique is applied to the participants from the mapping project, with the intention of generating data that make it possible to evaluate the impacts and pedagogical possibilities of the activity. From the analysis of the generated data, it was identified that the participatory mapping performed by geography undergraduate students generated varied possibilities, for cartographic, geographic and citizen-social learning, both through the production of maps and the exercise of their analysis. In addition, as an active teaching method, participatory mapping generated participants’ engagement and the positive perception of the activity. Finally, we identified that participatory mapping is a pedagogical and methodological possibility for both geographic and cartographic learning, and may become another tool for geography education.
Keywords
Participatory mapping, Geography education, Active methods.
ĐÁNH GIÁ PHẨM CHẤT HẠT GIỐNG VÀ KHẢ NĂNG NHÂN GIỐNG HỮU TÍNH LOÀI TÁU DUYÊN HẢI (Vatica mangachapoi Blanco subsp. obtosifolia (Elmer) P.S. Ashton) TẠI TỈNH THỪA THIÊN HUẾ
Authors: Hợi Nguyễn , Hùng Lê Thái , Nguyên Hồ Đăng 
Published: June 2022

Táu duyên hải (Vatica mangachapoi) là loài cây bản địa thuộc họ Dầu (Dipterocarpaceae) có phân bố trên vùng đất cát ven biển tỉnh Thừa Thiên Huế và có giá trị trong công tác phục hồi rừng ven biển của nước ta, tuy nhiên cho đến nay vẫn thiếu các công trình nghiên cứu về đặc điểm nguồn giống cũng như khả năng nhân giống và kỹ thuật gieo ươm. Nghiên cứu này được tiến hành nhằm đánh giá phẩm chất hạt giống, khả năng nhân giống từ hạt cũng như một số biện pháp kỹ thuật chăm sóc cây con ở giai đoạn vườn ươm. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy Táu duyên hải mùa quả chín tập trung vào tháng 8 - 9 hằng năm. Quả chín có màu vàng lam, hình chóp cầu đường kính dài x rộng là 6,2 ± 0,1 mm x 5,9 ± 0,1 mm. Khối lượng 1000 quả đạt 156 ± 6 gam và 1 kg quả có khoảng 6.687 ± 400 hạt. Độ thuần thấp nhất là 88,30%, tỷ lệ hạt sống của lô hạt thuần là 96%, tỷ lệ hạt có phẩm chất tốt là 80,67%. Hạt Táu duyên hải nảy mầm từ 4 - 14 ngày sau xử lý. Thế nẩy mầm thấp nhất 77,78%, tỷ lệ nảy thấp nhất 89,00% sau khi thu hái từ 2 - 7 ngày và bảo quản ở nhiệt độ phòng 30 - 310 C. Sử dụng che sáng 50% và giá thể ruột bầu là đất phù sa mới bồi tụ thì sau 6 tháng ươm giống, tỷ lệ sống thấp nhất 91,43%, chiều cao trung bình 22,5 cm, đường kính gốc trung bình 2,90 mm, có 11 lá là phù hợp nhất để ươm Táu duyên hải.
A Study of First Referral Units in Border District of Uttar Pradesh, India.
Authors: Shukla Brijesh K , Kaushal Suneel Kumar , Misra Sunil Kumar , Chaudhary Shailendra Singh , Singh Geetu 
Published: June 2022

Background: Health services are designed to meet the health needs of the community through the use of available knowledge and resources. Secondary Level of Health Care essentially including Community health centers (CHCs) constituting the First Referral Units (FRUs) and the Sub-district and district hospital, designed to provide referral health services. First Referral Units provide optimal specialized care to the community to achieve and maintain acceptable quality care. Objective: To assess the available resources and minimum services at FRUs as per IPHS Standards in District Agra. Material & Methods: A Cross- sectional study was conducted in Four FRUs of Agra District, from June 2015 – August 2016. All four FRUs were evaluated for infrastructure, drugs and consumables, equipment, manpower, as per IPHS standards and minimum services provided by first referral units (FRUs). Status of FRUs as against revised (2012) IPHS Standard. Results: All the four FRUs (100%) have their own government building. Availability of drugs and consumable, equipment, were good which was 100% while 25% of FRUs had blood storage facility.50% of FRUs had general surgeon, dental surgeon, gynecologist and anesthetist while 100% of FRUs had medical superintendent, medical officer and availability of staff nurse and pharmacist were 75% and 91.7% respectively among all four FRUs. None of FRUs fulfills the minimum services available as per IPHS norms i.e. emergency obstetric care, blood bank/ blood storage facility, except 24-hourly delivery services which was available at all four FRUs (100%) Conclusion: Physical infra-structure, drugs and consumables, equipment, availability found adequate in all FRUs.Availability of specialist doctor markedly lacking in all FRUs however Paramedical staffs position was better, none of the FRUs meets the minimum criteria for service available at FRUs as set by IPHS standard.
Improving maternal health quality: reviewing the context and consequences
Authors: Chauhan Anshul , Narayanan Prakash , D'souza Jyoshma 
Published: June 2022

Background: Approximately 99% of pregnancy-related deaths in developing countries are due to preventable causes related to pregnancy and childbirth which signifies that around 800 women die every day due to such causes. Major causes that lead to maternal deaths are post-partum hemorrhage, infections, high blood pressure and unsafe abortion. There are several facilities being provided for pregnant mothers yet the quality of care needs to be analyzed. Objectives: To understand the quality perspective of maternal health services and to review available evidence for strengthening maternal health services. Material & Methods: Research studies published between 2006 and 2016 were selected by specific inclusion criteria. Pub Med and Google Scholar were used to search studies on the topic, and few articles were identified through references and citations. Results: The result of the review highlighted the evidence of pitfalls, gaps in quality care, and need for interventions and approaches to improve the quality of maternal health care. Conclusion: Quality care encompasses various elements which stride towards improving the health of women and the interventions are to be scaled up to improve the quality of care. Generation of public health evidence and uniformity in quality assessments can help interventions to achieve desirable standards.
Overweight and Obesity above 18 years of Age in An Urban Population
Authors: Kamboj Amit Kumar , Chopra Harivansh , Singh Jai Veer , Garg Sunil Kumar , Bajpai Shailendra Kumar 
Published: June 2022

Background: Today however, as standard of living continues to rise, weight gain and obesity are posing a growing threat to health in both developed and developing countries and affecting children as well as adults. Indeed, it is now so common that it is replacing the more traditional public health concern including under nutrition and infectious diseases. Overweight and obesity is a major risk factor for high morbidity and mortality. Obesity is an independent risk factor for chronic heart disease related morbidity and mortality. Aims and Objectives: To find out the prevalence of overweight & obesity and to suggest measures for prevention of overweight and obesity in adult population. Material and Method: To cover a sample size of 1152 in Urban Health Centre area population ?18 years every fifth family was selected by systematic random sampling from the total of 1698 families registered at Urban Health Centre. They were interviewed personally and information was collected about sociodemographic characteristics, personal factors, and measurements of weight, height, waist and hip circumference of the individuals were taken to calculate Body Mass Index (BMI) and Waist Hip Ratio (WHR). Results: Prevalence of overweight (BMI -25-29.99) and obesity (BMI ?30) being 28.0% and 8.0% respectively. Prevalence of abdominal obesity was 25.8%. About two-third (66.9%) of abdominal obesity rightly corresponded with the high BMI (25+). Conclusion: The prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing in urban area of Meerut, more in females than males and it is being affected by various socio-demographic correlates.
Risk Factors Associated with Tuberculosis Infection Among Household Children Contacts of Sputum Smear Positive Tuberculosis Cases
Authors: Mishra Shradha , Singh Shivendra Kumar , Mohan Uday , Sahu Rajesh , Verma Ajay Kumar , Srivastav Vinod Kumar 
Published: June 2022

Background: India has highest burden of tuberculosis (TB) globally. The source of infection for children is usually an adult in their household with active TB. Only few studies have been carried out among household children contacts of active TB patients in India to assess the risk factors of infection among children. Aim and Objective: To study the risk factors of TB infection among household children contacts of sputum positive patients. Material and Methods: We conducted study on 200 household children contacts (1-15 years) of sputum positive patients registered at DOTS centers in Lucknow district, Uttar Pradesh. Stratified sampling was done. A semi structured questionnaire was administered to collect the information. Infection in children was assessed by TST (Mantoux test). Results: TST positivity in children of TST positivity was associated with female index case (p=0.027), lower socioeconomic status (p=0.011), overcrowding (0.008) and duration of symptoms before treatment (p<0.001). Among the factors of children, age >6 years, duration of stay with index case >10 hours/day and malnutrition were significantly associated. Conclusion: The study concludes that TB infection among children is significantly associated with various factors related to index case, susceptible host and environment, which can be intervened to prevent TB infection in children.
Adherence to treatment among hypertensive individuals in a rural population of North India
Authors: Misra Puneet , Salve Harshal Ramesh , Srivastava Rahul , Kant Shashi , Krisnan Anand 
Published: June 2022

Background: Hypertension affects nearly a quarter of adults in India. While there are issues related to diagnosis and treatment gap, even among those who received treatment, adherence is a problem resulting in poor control. Aim & Objective: To study the adherence to treatment of hypertension and its determinants among rural population Methods and Material: A community based cross-sectional study was carried out in twenty-eight villages in Ballabgarh block of Faridabad district of Haryana. Sample size of 300 was calculated. Adults (? 18 years) with self-reported hypertension were recruited by simple random sampling at community level. Adherence to treatment was studied by both recall and pill count methods. Information about socio-demographic characteristic was also obtained. Results: In total 350 participants were recruited in the study. Adherence (100%) by recall method was reported among 27.4% subjects and by pill count among 18.9% subjects. Symptom-free period was identified as most common reason for non-adherence. Statistically significant poor adherence to treatment of hypertension was reported among subjects belonging lower social strata. Conclusions: Very low adherence to hypertension treatment was reported in rural community in northern India. There is urgent need for awareness generation about treatment adherence and developing adherence-monitoring mechanisms at community level
Nutrient intake of adolescents in rural area of Himachal Pradesh
Authors: Khandelwal Ritika , Gupta Aakriti , Singh Gajendra , Kapil Umesh , Pandey Ravindra Mohan , Upadhyay Ashish Datt 
Published: June 2022

Background: The nutrient requirements during adolescence are higher than at any other stage of life. Inadequate nutrient intake leads to poor growth, delayed sexual maturation, slow linear growth, anaemia and osteomalacia. Aim &Objective: To assess the nutrient intake of adolescents in 13-15 years belonging to rural area of Shimla district, Himachal Pradesh. Material & Methods: A school based cross-sectional study was conducted during 2014 - 2015 in rural area of Shimla district. Thirty clusters were identified using population proportionate to size sampling method. A total of 170 adolescents in the age group of 13-15 years studying in government schools were enrolled. Dietary assessment was done using 24h dietary recall method. Results: The percentage deficit in boys for calorie, iron, zinc and calcium intake was found 37.9%, 53.7%, 35.5% and 22.4% respectively as compared to Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA). The girls had percentage deficit for calorie, iron, zinc and calcium intake as 47.7%, 61.5%, 53.6%, and 43.6 % respectively as compared to RDA. Conclusion: The findings of present study indicate that the nutrient intake of adolescents aged 13-15 years was inadequate.
Is Ramadan Fasting Cardio-protective? A Study in a Village of West Bengal
Authors: Dasgupta Aparajita , Garg Shobhit , Paul Bobby , Maharana Swanya Prabha , Badhopadhyay Lina , Mallick Nazrul 
Published: June 2022

Background: Islam is the second largest religion of the World (23%) and Muslims are the second largest majority of Indian Republic (14.3%). Ramadan is the ninth and holiest month(Hijra) of the 12-month Islamic calendar during which Muslims fast from dawn to dusk each day maintaining certain rules (consuming food/drink once, avoiding smoking and sexual activity, as well as impure thoughts, words and immoral behavior). It is observed by Muslims as a month of fasting to commemorate the first revelation of the Qur'an to Muhammad. Aims & Objectives: To evaluate the effect of Ramadan on cardio-metabolic profile among adult Muslims residing in rural West Bengal. Methods and Materials: The present study was a longitudinal community based study done among 43 Muslims residing in a village of West Bengal during 6thJune to 7th July 2016. Cardio-metabolic profile (physical activity, diet, BMI, blood pressure, blood lipids and glucose) were assessed before, during and after Ramadan. Results: There was a significant reduction in VLDL and TG level while significant elevation in HDL level along with the reduction in Framingham risk score after fasting. All the anthropometric measurements along with blood pressure reduced significantly after Ramadan with significant reduction in intake of all micro-nutrients during Ramadan. However physical activity also reduced significantly during Ramadan. Conclusion: Our study had found no detrimental effects of Ramadan fasting on the contrary has an overall beneficial effect on cardiovascular profile was observed.
Let's speak for Patient Safety in India
Authors: Kansal Om Prakash 
Published: June 2022

As if the fire episode in a major hospital in 2011 in Kolkata was not enough, another fire episode was recorded in West Bengal tertiary hospital end August. Recently, a colleague undertaking infection control audit was led into an operating theatre with blood stained slippers and only face mask, when the surgery was on. The onset of hepatitis B and hepatitis C epidemics due to reuse of syringes and needles hit the regional headlines in Haryana and Srinagar in 2012 and 2015 respectively.
Worldwide, adverse events occur in around 10% of hospital patients. Individual studies have reported adverse events from 4–17% of hospital admissions and 5–21% of these adverse events result in death. In low- and middle-income countries, adverse events may develop from unsafe care in as many as 18.4% of patients, with 30% of those events leading to the patient's death. Medical literature often reports the incidence of health care acquired infections which the patient may not have when s/he walks in the hospital. The evidence also suggests that half of these can be prevented easily just by investing a minor fraction of the budgets while planning the healthcare. In India, almost all states are facing this challenge irrespective how robust the health care delivery system has developed.
A study of Female Sex worker’s sub-network on STI treatment seeking behavior in Chennai City: A Social Network Approach
Authors: Annadurai Kabilan , Bagavandas M 
Published: June 2022

Background: Female Sex workers (FSW) are having high-risk sexual behavior with multiple partners and the periodical sexually transmitted infection screening is determined by various factors. Aims & Objectives: To explore the presence of sub-networks of FSWs and to identify the trends in information flow on Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI) treatment seeking behavior by using social network analysis (SNA). Material & Methods: This was a community-based cross-sectional study and exponential snowball sampling method is used to identify 420 FSWs. Structured questionnaire was used to measure information flow and sub-network characteristics of social relationship, Information & Treatment seeking for STI and Sexual practice. Results: Study has listed 94 sub-networks. Here, Sexual practice (Sub-group 28) has highest number of subnetworks compared to other three subnetworks of Social Relationship (Sub-group 25), information on STI (Sub-group 23) and Treatment seeking for STI (Sub-group18). Similarly, other Centrality measures like Triad and Dyad are higher (Each 4 sub-group) in sexual practice domain and this is absent in rest of the three domains. Further, treatment seeking for STI has low Clique (Sub-group 17) compared to other domains. This shows high information flow is present in Sexual Practice compare to treatment seeking for STI (CC-0.986, P-0.000). Among the sub typology home based and street based FSWs are well connected, well informed and most influential than other sub-typology. Conclusion: SNA reaches more number of HRGs with less resource. Therefore, SNA could be cost effective to mapping the sub-network and visualize the information path for STI treatment seeking behavior