bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
„Alle zusammen“ – ein neues Buch für den Religionsunterricht oder: Das Buch für einen neuen Religionsunterricht
Authors: Steinkühler Martina 
Published: May 2022

Zusammenfassung
Dieser Artikel ist ein Beitrag zur Debatte um den konfessionellen Religionsunterricht unter den Bedingungen weltanschaulicher Pluralität. Den Anlass bildet ein neues Unterrichtswerk. Es erhebt den Anspruch, ein wahrhaft offenes Angebot für heterogene Gruppen bereitzustellen – bedingungslos und ohne eine andere Absicht, als zum Nachdenken über das Leben herauszufordern. In einer vergleichenden Analyse des neuen Buches mit eingeführten Lehrwerken kann gezeigt werden, dass bei jeweils ähnlicher Profilierung dennoch verschiedene Vorstellungen von religiösem Lernen umgesetzt werden. Den entscheidenden Unterschied macht die ‚Stimme des Buches‘: Setzt sie einen Rahmen oder setzt sie frei? Die Beobachtungen führen zu der Frage, wie viel Freiheit nötig oder möglich ist, wenn die Konfessionalität ihren Sinn behalten soll.
Glutamate Transporters EAAT2 and EAAT5 Differentially Shape Synaptic Transmission from Rod Bipolar Cell Terminals
Authors: Tang Fu-Sheng , Yuan He-Lan , Liu Jun-Bin , Zhang Gong , Chen Si-Yun , Ke Jiang-Bin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractExcitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs) control visual signal transmission in the retina by rapidly removing glutamate released from photoreceptors and bipolar cells (BCs). Although it has been reported that EAAT2 and EAAT5 are expressed at presynaptic terminals of photoreceptors and some BCs in mammals, the distinct functions of these two glutamate transporters in retinal synaptic transmission, especially at a single synapse, remain elusive. In this study, we found that EAAT2 was expressed in all BC types while coexisting with EAAT5 in rod bipolar (RB) cells and several types of cone BCs from mice of either sex. Our immunohistochemical study, together with a recently published literature (Gehlen et al., 2021), showed that EAAT2 and EAAT5 were both located in RB axon terminals near release sites. Optogenetic, electrophysiological and pharmacological analyses, however, demonstrated that EAAT2 and EAAT5 regulated neurotransmission at RB→AII amacrine cell synapses in significantly different ways: EAAT5 dramatically affected both the peak amplitude and kinetics of postsynaptic responses in AIIs, whereas EAAT2 had either relatively small or opposite effects. By contrast, blockade of EAAT1/GLAST, which was exclusively expressed in Müller cells, showed no obvious effect on AII responses, indicating that glutamate uptake by Müller cells did not influence synaptic transmission from RB terminals. Furthermore, we found that temporal resolution at RB→AII synapses was reduced substantially by blockade of EAAT5 but not EAAT2. Taken together, our work reveals the distinct functions of EAAT2 and EAAT5 in signal transmission at RB ribbon synapses.
Synaptic Integration in CA1 Pyramidal Neurons Is Intact despite Deficits in GABAergic Transmission in theScn1aHaploinsufficiency Mouse Model of Dravet Syndrome
Authors: Chancey Jessica Hotard , Howard MacKenzie Allen 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMutations ofSCN1A, which encodes the voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.1, can cause epilepsy disorders such as Dravet syndrome (DS) that are comorbid with wide-ranging neurologic dysfunction. Many studies suggest that Nav1.1 haploinsufficiency causes forebrain GABAergic interneuron hypoexcitability, while pyramidal neuron physiology is mostly unaltered, and that this serves as a primary cell physiology phenotype linking mutation to disease. We hypothesized that deficits in inhibition would alter synaptic integration during activation of the hippocampal microcircuit, thus disrupting cellular information processing and leading to seizures and cognitive deficits. We tested this hypothesis usingex vivowhole-cell recordings from CA1 pyramidal neurons in a heterozygousScn1aknock-out mouse model and wild-type (WT) littermates, measuring responses to single and patterned synaptic stimulation and spontaneous synaptic activity. Overall, our experiments reveal a surprising normalcy of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic temporal integration in the hippocampus ofScn1ahaploinsufficient mice. While miniature IPSCs and feedforward inhibition and were decreased, we did not identify a pattern or frequency of input that caused a failure of synaptic inhibition. We further show that reduced GABA release probability and subsequent reduced short-term depression may act to overcome deficits in inhibition normalizing input/output functions in theScn1ahaploinsufficient hippocampus. These experiments show that CA1 pyramidal neuron synaptic processing is surprisingly robust, even during decreased interneuron function, and more complex circuit activity is likely required to reveal altered function in the hippocampal microcircuit.
Rapid Alternate Monocular Deprivation Does Not Affect Binocular Balance and Correlation in Human Adults
Authors: Lin (林温曼) Wenman , Wei (魏君涵) Junhan , Wang (王文静) Wenjing , Zou (邹李颖) Liying , Zhou (周诗旗) Shiqi , Jiang (江楠) Nan , Reynaud Alexandre , Zhou (周佳玮) Jiawei , Yu (于旭东) Xudong , Hess Robert F. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRecent studies show that the human adult visual system exhibits neural plasticity. For instance, short-term monocular deprivation shifts the eye dominance in favor of the deprived eye. This phenomenon is believed to occur in the primary visual cortex by reinstating neural plasticity. However, it is unknown whether the changes in eye dominance after monocularly depriving the visual input can also be induced by alternately depriving both eyes. In this study, we found no changes in binocular balance and interocular correlation sensitivity after a rapid (7 Hz), alternate, and monocular deprivation for 1 h in adults. Therefore, the effect of short-term monocular deprivation cannot seem to be emulated by alternately and rapidly depriving both eyes.
Predictors of metformin monotherapy failure in gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Benido Silva Vânia , Fonseca Liliana , Pereira Maria Teresa , Vilaverde Joana , Pinto Clara , Pichel Fernando , Almeida Maria do Céu , Dores Jorge 
Published: May 2022

Objective
Metformin has emerged as a safe and effective pharmacological alternative to insulin in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), being associated with lower maternal weight gain and hypoglycemia risk. Nevertheless, glycemic control is unaccomplished in a considerable proportion of women only treated with metformin. We aim to determine the metformin monotherapy failure rate in GDM and to identify predictors of its occurrence.

Design and methods
This was a retrospective multicenter study including pregnant women with GDM patients who started metformin as a first-line pharmacological treatment (n  = 2891). A comparative analysis of clinical and analytical data between the group of women treated with metformin monotherapy and those needing combined therapy with insulin was performed.

Results
In 685 (23.7%) women with GDM, combined therapy to achieve adequate glycemic control was required. Higher pregestational BMI (OR 1.039; CI 95% 1.008–1.071; P-value = 0.013), higher fasting plasma glucose (PG) levels in oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) (OR 1.047; CI 95% 1.028–1.066; P-value <0.001) and an earlier gestational age (GA) at metformin introduction (0.839; CI 95% 0.796–0.885, P-value < 0.001) were independent predictive factors for metformin monotherapy failure. The best predictive cutoff values were a fasting PG in OGTT ≥87 mg/dL and GA at metformin introduction ≤29 weeks.

Conclusions
In 685 (23.7%) women, combined therapy with insulin to reach glycemic control was required. Higher pre-gestational BMI, fasting PG levels in OGTT ≥87 mg/dL and introduction of metformin ≤29 weeks of GA were independent predictive factors for metformin monotherapy failure. The early recognition of these characteristics can contribute to the establishment of individualized therapeutic strategies and attain better metabolic control during pregnancy.
Hypertriglyceridemia in young adults with a 22q11.2 microdeletion
Authors: Blagojevic Christina , Heung Tracy , Malecki Sarah , Ying Shengjie , Cancelliere Sabrina , Hegele Robert A , Bassett Anne S 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objective
Mild to moderate hypertriglyceridemia is a condition often associated with obesity and diabetes, with as yet incomplete knowledge of underlying genetic architecture. The 22q11.2 microdeletion is associated with multimorbidity, including increased risk of obesity and diabetes. In this study, we sought to investigate whether the 22q11.2 microdeletion was associated with mild to moderate hypertriglyceridemia (1.7–10 mmol/L).

Design
This was a cohort study comparing 6793 population-based adults and 267 with a 22q11.2 microdeletion aged 17–69 years, excluding those with diabetes or on statins.

Methods
We used binomial logistic regression modeling to identify predictors of hypertriglyceridemia, accounting for the 22q11.2 microdeletion, male sex, BMI, ethnicity, age, and antipsychotic medications.

Results
The 22q11.2 microdeletion was a significant independent predictor of mild to moderate hypertriglyceridemia (odds ratio (OR): 2.35, 95% CI: 1.70–3.26). All other factors examined were also significant predictors (OR: 1.23–2.10), except for antipsychotic medication use. Within the 22q11.2 microdeletion subgroup, only male sex (OR: 3.10, 95% CI: 1.77–5.44) and BMI (OR: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.14–1.98) were significant predictors of hypertriglyceridemia, evident at mean age 31.2 years.

Conclusions
The 22q11.2 microdeletion is associated with hypertriglyceridemia even when accounting for other known risk factors for elevated triglycerides. This effect is seen in young adulthood (76.6% were &lt;40 years), in the absence of diabetes, and irrespective of antipsychotics, suggesting that the 22q11.2 microdeletion may represent an unrecognized genetic risk factor for hypertriglyceridemia, providing novel opportunities for animal and cellular models. Early dyslipidemia screening and management strategies would appear prudent for individuals with 22q11.2 microdeletions.
Role of endogenous incretins in the regulation of postprandial lipoprotein metabolism
Authors: Taskinen Marja-Riitta , Matikainen Niina , Björnson Elias , Söderlund Sanni , Ainola Mari , Hakkarainen Antti , Lundbom Nina , Sihlbom Carina , Thorsell Annika , Andersson Linda , Adiels Martin , Hartmann Bolette , Deacon Carolyn F , Holst Jens J , Packard Chris J , Borén Jan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objective
Incretins are known to influence lipid metabolism in the intestine when administered as pharmacologic agents. The aggregate influence of endogenous incretins on chylomicron production and clearance is less clear, particularly in light of opposing effects of co-secreted hormones. Here, we tested the hypothesis that physiological levels of incretins may impact on production or clearances rates of chylomicrons and VLDL.

Design and methods
A group of 22 overweight/obese men was studied to determine associations between plasma levels of glucagon-like peptides 1 and 2 (GLP-1 and GLP-2) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) after a fat-rich meal and the production and clearance rates of apoB48- and apoB100-containing triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. Subjects were stratified by above- and below-median incretin response (area under the curve).

Results
Stratification yielded subgroups that differed about two-fold in incretin response. There were neither differences in apoB48 production rates in chylomicrons or VLDL fractions nor in apoB100 or triglyceride kinetics in VLDL between men with above- vs below-median incretin responses. The men with above-median GLP-1 and GLP-2 responses exhibited higher postprandial plasma and chylomicron triglyceride levels, but this could not be related to altered kinetic parameters. No differences were found between incretin response subgroups and particle clearance rates.

Conclusion
We found no evidence for a regulatory effect of endogenous incretins on contemporaneous chylomicron or VLDL metabolism following a standardised fat-rich meal. The actions of incretins at pharmacological doses may not be reflected at physiological levels of these hormones.
Glucagon-stimulated copeptin measurements in the differential diagnosis of diabetes insipidus: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study
Authors: Atila Cihan , Gaisl Odile , Vogt Deborah R , Werlen Laura , Szinnai Gabor , Christ-Crain Mirjam 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
The differential diagnosis of diabetes insipidus is challenging. The most reliable approaches are copeptin measurements after hypertonic saline infusion or arginine, which is a known growth hormone secretagogue but has recently also been shown to stimulate the neurohypophysis. Similar to arginine, glucagon stimulates growth hormone release, but its effect on the neurohypophysis is poorly studied.

Design
Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial including 22 healthy participants, 10 patients with central diabetes insipidus, and 10 patients with primary polydipsia at the University Hospital Basel, Switzerland.

Methods
Each participant underwent the glucagon test (s.c. injection of 1 mg glucagon) and placebo test. The primary objective was to determine whether glucagon stimulates copeptin and to explore whether the copeptin response differentiates between diabetes insipidus and primary polydipsia. Copeptin levels were measured at baseline, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 min after injection.

Results
In healthy participants, glucagon stimulated copeptin with a median increase of 7.56 (2.38; 28.03) pmol/L, while placebo had no effect (0.10 pmol/L (−0.70; 0.68); P &lt; 0.001). In patients with diabetes insipidus, copeptin showed no relevant increase upon glucagon, with an increase of 0.55 (0.21; 1.65) pmol/L, whereas copeptin was stimulated in patients with primary polydipsia with an increase of 15.70 (5.99; 24.39) pmol/L. Using a copeptin cut-off level of 4.6pmol/L had a sensitivity of 100% (95% CI: 100–100) and a specificity of 90% (95% CI: 70–100) to discriminate between diabetes insipidus and primary polydipsia.

Conclusion
Glucagon stimulates the neurohypophysis, and glucagon-stimulated copeptin has the potential for a safe, novel, and precise test in the differential diagnosis of diabetes insipidus.
FDG PET/CT in differentiated thyroid cancer patients with low thyroglobulin levels
Authors: Lebbink Chantal A , de Vries Lisa H , Borel Rinkes Inne H M , Braat Arthur J A T , van Leeuwaarde Rachel S , Lodewijk Lutske , van Treijen Mark J C , Vriens Menno R , Valk Gerlof D , van Santen Hanneke M , de Keizer Bart 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate the usefulness of [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emissive tomography (PET)/CT in patients with low detectable thyroglobulin levels suspicious for persistent or recurrent differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC).

Methods
A retrospective case series study evaluating FDG PET/CT in patients with detectable thyroglobulin (Tg) levels (≥0.20 and &lt;10.00 ng/mL) after initial treatment with total thyroidectomy and I-131 thyroid remnant ablation for pT1-3aN0-1bM0 DTC. Sensitivity, specificity, positive (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of FDG PET/CT were calculated.

Results
Twenty-seven patients underwent FDG PET/CT. Median Tg level at FDG PET/CT was 2.00 ng/mL (range 0.30–9.00). FDG PET/CT was positive in 14 patients (51.9%): lesions suspicious for lymph node metastases were depicted in 12 patients, and lung metastases in 2. DTC was confirmed in 13/14 FDG PET/CT-positive patients. In 9/13 patients with a negative FDG PET/CT, DTC was confirmed ≤3 months after FDG PET/CT. The sensitivity, PPV, specificity and NPV were 59.1, 92.9, 80.0 and 30.8%, respectively.

Conclusions
This case series shows that FDG PET/CT might be useful to detect persistent or recurrent DTC in patients with low detectable Tg. However, when FDG PET/CT is negative, this does not rule out DTC and further investigations are necessary.
Relating papermaking process parameters to properties of paperboard with special attention to through-thickness design
Authors: Nygårds Mikael 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA biaxial stress state has been proposed to formulate a failure criterion for paperboard during bending. About 100 paperboards have been splitted, such that top, middle, and bottom plies have been free-laid and tested in the machine direction, cross-machine direction as well as in out-of-plane direction (ZD). The purpose was to determine the failure stresses and its dependency of papermaking parameters: density, degree of orientation, and fiber length for each layer. A linear model to predict the geometrical strength of a plies was suggested. Analytically simulations of different paperboard structures behavior during bending were performed. The density of the middle ply affected the location of the failure position in ZD, as well as the maximum bending moment. The impact of orientation and degree of anisotropy was simulated, which can be used to optimize the ZD property gradient by tweaking the properties, and hence optimize paperboard performance.
Graphical abstract
Experimental evaluation of generator power correction of an autonomous wind electrical installations
Authors: Kovalenko М. А. , Kovalenko I.Y. , Golovko V.M. , Chumack V.V. , Svyatnenko V.A. 
Published: May 2022

Purpose. To evaluate the efficiency of regulating the output active power of the magnetoelectric generator as part of an autonomous wind turbine.
Methodology. Analysis of existing methods of adjusting the output parameters of generators. Methods of experimental research of electric generators. Numerical processing methods of the obtained results.
Findings. An experimental stand was developed to study the parameters and characteristics of an autonomous magnetoelectric generator as part of a wind turbine in order to assess the effectiveness of correcting the output power of the generator. Experimental studies of the magnetoelectric generator in the idle mode for two cases are carried out: the characteristic of idling at magnetization with use of a third-party capacity and the idle characteristics when magnetized by an additional winding (with DC supply. In this experiment, the output voltage increases from 26% (at a speed of 200 rpm) to 47% (at a speed of 780 rpm). Studies have shown that the use of the method of correcting the output power by connecting additional capacity to the armature winding of the generator is a less effective method of power control than the use of magnetization by the additional winding. The following studies were conducted: study of the efficiency of the magnetizing winding at constant active load and at different speeds (different wind speeds), study of the efficiency of the magnetizing winding while maintaining a constant voltage at the generator terminals 14.4 V. Depth of the output power regulation depends on the rotation speed of the wind turbine rotor and according to the results of experimental studies, for a load of I = 0.8 A is: 1.4% at 350 rpm; 12.5% ​​at 550 rpm; 15.3% at 650 rpm; 22.12% at 750 rpm. A more efficient method is to use an additional sub-magnetizing winding. A comparative analysis of the initial parameters of the magnetoelectric generator is obtained by experimental studies and numerical modeling simulation. Comparison of modeling results with the results of experimental studies shows the convergence of the obtained results within 7-10%, which confirms the adequacy of the developed models and the reliability of the obtained results.
Originality. By means of experimental researches of the magnetoelectric generator the limits of output power correction of the generator as a part of the independent wind electric installation are established.
Practical value. An experimental stand was developed for the study of a magnetoelectric generator with axial magnetic flux to simulate its operation as part of an autonomous wind turbine.
Icesi: una mirada hacia una educación inclusiva a estudiantes en situación de discapacidad.
Authors: Llerena Fernanda 
Published: May 2022

Este artículo explora los procesos de inclusión educativa de las/ los estudiantes en situación de discapacidad visual o con neurodiversidad en la Universidad Icesi. De esta manera, se analizan las Políticas de Igualdad de Trato y la Política de Educación Inclusiva, a través de las experiencias pedagógicas realizadas hasta el momento en el campus universitario. Es importante aclarar, que las anteriores políticas abarcan espectros mucho más amplios como pueden ser aspectos: económicos, étnicos, género y también de población migrante.
Es por medio de esta revisión, que se identifica una transformación continua en el aprendizaje y en el seguimiento que realizan distintos centros de la institución, los cuales aportan mucho valor para un proceso de inclusión significativo. De esta manera, el propósito principal que evidencia este artículo es identificar si se logra aportar a la construcción de un ambiente de igualdad de oportunidades para todos y todas en el escenario académico, de acuerdo también a los lineamientos normativos nacionales e internacionales que protegen los derechos a la educación y velan por el respeto de la diversidad.
System opieki zdrowotnej w Polsce i we Francji — analiza komparatywna
Authors: Mika Magdalena 
Published: May 2022

Zdrowie jest jedną z podstawowych wartości w życiu człowieka niezależnie od jego miejsca zamieszkania czy przynależności kulturowej. Szczególnie widoczne jest to obecnie, w XXI wieku, kiedy wartość zdrowia jest coraz częściej podkreślana. Organizacja sposobu świadczenia usług opieki zdrowotnej jest jednak w każdym kraju inna. Różnice wynikają przede wszystkim ze stosunku politycznego wobec ochrony zdrowia w danym kraju, a co za tym idzie — ze śródków finansowych na nią przeznaczanych.
Niniejsza praca ma na celu porównanie systemu opieki zdrowotnej w Polsce i we Francji oraz określenie mocnych i słabych stron opieki w obydwu państwach. Pod uwagę zostaną wzięte zarówno czynniki ekonomiczne mające wpływ na jakość świadczonych usług, jak i zasoby służby zdrowia poszczególnych krajów. Przeanalizowane zostaną również opinie pacjentów, a więc tych, których jakość służby zdrowia dotyka w największym stopniu. Analiza obejmuje lata 2013–2019, tak aby zidentyfikować stan opieki zdrowotnej przed okresem pandemii COVID-19. Źródłem informacji były dane wtórne — dane statystyczne publikowane zarówno przez organizacje międzynarodowe, jak i bazy krajowe.