bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Maluku Sea intermediate western boundary current connecting Pacific Ocean circulation to the Indonesian Throughflow
Authors: Yuan Dongliang , Yin Xueli , Li Xiang , Corvianawatie Corry , Wang Zheng , Li Yao , Yang Ya , Hu Xiaoyue , Wang Jing , Tan Shuwen , Surinati Dewi , Purwandana Adi , Wardana Adhitya Kusuma , Ismail Mochamad Furqon Azis , Budiman Asep Sandra , Bayhaqi Ahmad , Avianto Praditya , Santoso Priyadi Dwi , Kusmanto Edi , Dirhamsyah  , Arifin Zainal , Pratt Larry J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe Indonesian Throughflow plays an important role in the global ocean circulation and climate. Existing studies of the Indonesian Throughflow have focused on the Makassar Strait and the exit straits, where the upper thermocline currents carry North Pacific waters to the Indian Ocean. Here we show, using mooring observations, that a previous unknown intermediate western boundary current (with the core at ~1000 m depth) exists in the Maluku Sea, which transports intermediate waters (primarily the Antarctic Intermediate Water) from the Pacific into the Seram-Banda Seas through the Lifamatola Passage above the bottom overflow. Our results suggest the importance of the western boundary current in global ocean intermediate circulation and overturn. We anticipate that our study is the beginning of more extensive investigations of the intermediate circulation of the Indo-Pacific ocean in global overturn, which shall improve our understanding of ocean heat and CO2storages significantly.
Extreme rainstorms drive exceptional organic carbon export from forested humid-tropical rivers in Puerto Rico
Authors: Clark K. E. , Stallard R. F. , Murphy S. F. , Scholl M. A. , González G. , Plante A. F. , McDowell W. H. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractExtreme rainfall events in the humid-tropical Luquillo Mountains, Puerto Rico export the bulk of suspended sediment and particulate organic carbon. Using 25 years of river carbon and suspended sediment data, which targeted hurricanes and other large rainstorms, we estimated biogenic particulate organic carbon yields of 65 ± 16 tC km−2 yr−1 for the Icacos and 17.7 ± 5.1 tC km−2 yr−1 for the Mameyes rivers. These granitic and volcaniclastic catchments function as substantial atmospheric carbon-dioxide sinks, largely through export of river biogenic particulate organic carbon during extreme rainstorms. Compared to other regions, these high biogenic particulate organic carbon yields are accompanied by lower suspended sediment yields. Accordingly, particulate organic carbon export from these catchments is underpredicted by previous yield relationships, which are derived mainly from catchments with easily erodible sedimentary rocks. Therefore, rivers that drain petrogenic-carbon-poor bedrock require separate accounting to estimate their contributions to the geological carbon cycle.
Field-based tree mortality constraint reduces estimates of model-projected forest carbon sinks
Authors: Yu Kailiang , Ciais Philippe , Seneviratne Sonia I. , Liu Zhihua , Chen Han Y. H. , Barichivich Jonathan , Allen Craig D. , Yang Hui , Huang Yuanyuan , Ballantyne Ashley P. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractConsiderable uncertainty and debate exist in projecting the future capacity of forests to sequester atmospheric CO2. Here we estimate spatially explicit patterns of biomass loss by tree mortality (LOSS) from largely unmanaged forest plots to constrain projected (2015–2099) net primary productivity (NPP), heterotrophic respiration (HR) and net carbon sink in six dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs) across continents. This approach relies on a strong relationship among LOSS, NPP, and HR at continental or biome scales. The DGVMs overestimated historical LOSS, particularly in tropical regions and eastern North America by as much as 5 Mg ha−1 y−1. The modeled spread of DGVM-projected NPP and HR uncertainties was substantially reduced in tropical regions after incorporating the field-based mortality constraint. The observation-constrained models show a decrease in the tropical forest carbon sink by the end of the century, particularly across South America (from 2 to 1.4 PgC y−1), and an increase in the sink in North America (from 0.8 to 1.1 PgC y−1). These results highlight the feasibility of using forest demographic data to empirically constrain forest carbon sink projections and the potential overestimation of projected tropical forest carbon sinks.
An intermetallic molecular nanomagnet with the lanthanide coordinated only by transition metals
Authors: Magott Michał , Brzozowska Maria , Baran Stanisław , Vieru Veacheslav , Pinkowicz Dawid 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMagnetic molecules known as molecular nanomagnets (MNMs) may be the key to ultra-high density data storage. Thus, novel strategies on how to design MNMs are desirable. Here, inspired by the hexagonal structure of the hardest intermetallic magnet SmCo5, we have synthesized a nanomagnetic molecule where the central lanthanide (Ln) ErIII is coordinated solely by three transition metal ions (TM) in a perfectly trigonal planar fashion. This intermetallic molecule [ErIII(ReICp2)3] (ErRe3) starts a family of molecular nanomagnets (MNM) with unsupported Ln-TM bonds and paves the way towards molecular intermetallics with strong direct magnetic exchange interactions—a promising route towards high-performance single-molecule magnets.
Antiphased dust deposition and productivity in the Antarctic Zone over 1.5 million years
Authors: Weber Michael E. , Bailey Ian , Hemming Sidney R. , Martos Yasmina M. , Reilly Brendan T. , Ronge Thomas A. , Brachfeld Stefanie , Williams Trevor , Raymo Maureen , Belt Simon T. , Smik Lukas , Vogel Hendrik , Peck Victoria L. , Armbrecht Linda , Cage Alix , Cardillo Fabricio G. , Du Zhiheng , Fauth Gerson , Fogwill Christopher J. , Garcia Marga , Garnsworthy Marlo , Glüder Anna , Guitard Michelle , Gutjahr Marcus , Hernández-Almeida Iván , Hoem Frida S. , Hwang Ji-Hwan , Iizuka Mutsumi , Kato Yuji , Kenlee Bridget , OConnell Suzanne , Pérez Lara F. , Seki Osamu , Stevens Lee , Tauxe Lisa , Tripathi Shubham , Warnock Jonathan , Zheng Xufeng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe Southern Ocean paleoceanography provides key insights into how iron fertilization and oceanic productivity developed through Pleistocene ice-ages and their role in influencing the carbon cycle. We report a high-resolution record of dust deposition and ocean productivity for the Antarctic Zone, close to the main dust source, Patagonia. Our deep-ocean records cover the last 1.5 Ma, thus doubling that from Antarctic ice-cores. We find a 5 to 15-fold increase in dust deposition during glacials and a 2 to 5-fold increase in biogenic silica deposition, reflecting higher ocean productivity during interglacials. This antiphasing persisted throughout the last 25 glacial cycles. Dust deposition became more pronounced across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition (MPT) in the Southern Hemisphere, with an abrupt shift suggesting more severe glaciations since ~0.9 Ma. Productivity was intermediate pre-MPT, lowest during the MPT and highest since 0.4 Ma. Generally, glacials experienced extended sea-ice cover, reduced bottom-water export and Weddell Gyre dynamics, which helped lower atmospheric CO2 levels.
Intracavity Raman scattering couples soliton molecules with terahertz phonons
Authors: Völkel Alexandra , Nimmesgern Luca , Mielnik-Pyszczorski Adam , Wirth Timo , Herink Georg 
Published: April 2022

AbstractUltrafast atomic vibrations mediate heat transport, serve as fingerprints for chemical bonds and drive phase transitions in condensed matter systems. Light pulses shorter than the atomic oscillation period can not only probe, but even stimulate and control collective excitations. In general, such interactions are performed with free-propagating pulses. Here, we demonstrate intra-cavity excitation and time-domain sampling of coherent optical phonons inside an active laser oscillator. Employing real-time spectral interferometry, we reveal that Terahertz beats of Raman-active optical phonons are the origin of soliton bound-states – also termed “Soliton molecules” – and we resolve a coherent coupling mechanism of phonon and intra-cavity soliton motion. Concurring electronic and nuclear refractive nonlinearities generate distinct soliton trajectories and, effectively, enhance the time-domain Raman signal. We utilize the intrinsic soliton motion to automatically perform highspeed Raman spectroscopy of the intra-cavity crystal. Our results pinpoint the impact of Raman-induced soliton interactions in crystalline laser media and microresonators, and offer unique perspectives toward ultrafast nonlinear phononics by exploiting the coupling of atomic motion and solitons inside a cavity.
Chiral photochemistry of achiral molecules
Authors: Raucci Umberto , Weir Hayley , Bannwarth Christoph , Sanchez David M. , Martínez Todd J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractChirality is a molecular property governed by the topography of the potential energy surface (PES). Thermally achiral molecules interconvert rapidly when the interconversion barrier between the two enantiomers is comparable to or lower than the thermal energy, in contrast to thermally stable chiral configurations. In principle, a change in the PES topography on the excited electronic state may diminish interconversion, leading to electronically prochiral molecules that can be converted from achiral to chiral by electronic excitation. Here we report that this is the case for two prototypical examples – cis-stilbene and cis-stiff stilbene. Both systems exhibit unidirectional photoisomerization for each enantiomer as a result of their electronic prochirality. We simulate an experiment to demonstrate this effect in cis-stilbene based on its interaction with circularly polarized light. Our results highlight the drastic change in chiral behavior upon electronic excitation, opening up the possibility for asymmetric photochemistry from an effectively nonchiral starting point.
Genomic distances reveal relationships of wild and cultivated beets
Authors: Sandell Felix L. , Stralis-Pavese Nancy , McGrath J. Mitchell , Schulz Britta , Himmelbauer Heinz , Dohm Juliane C. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCultivated beets (Beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris), including sugar beet, rank among the most important crops. The wild ancestor of beet crops is the sea beet Beta vulgaris ssp. maritima. Species and subspecies of wild beets are readily crossable with cultivated beets and are thus available for crop improvement. To study genomic relationships in the genus Beta, we sequence and analyse 606 beet genomes, encompassing sugar beet, sea beet, B. v. adanensis, B. macrocarpa, and B. patula. We observe two genetically distinct groups of sea beets, one from the Atlantic coast and the other from the Mediterranean area. Genomic comparisons based on k-mers identify sea beets from Greece as the closest wild relatives of sugar beet, suggesting that domestication of the ancestors of sugar beet may be traced to this area. Our work provides comprehensive insight into the phylogeny of wild and cultivated beets and establishes a framework for classification of further accessions of unknown (sub-)species assignment.
Structural insights into the peptide selectivity and activation of human neuromedin U receptors
Authors: You Chongzhao , Zhang Yumu , Xu Peiyu , Huang Sijie , Yin Wanchao , Eric Xu H. , Jiang Yi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNeuromedin U receptors (NMURs), including NMUR1 and NMUR2, are a group of Gq/11-coupled G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). NMUR1 and NMUR2 play distinct, pleiotropic physiological functions in peripheral tissues and in the central nervous system (CNS), respectively, according to their distinct tissue distributions. These receptors are stimulated by two endogenous neuropeptides, neuromedin U and S (NMU and NMS) with similar binding affinities. NMURs have gathered attention as potential drug targets for obesity and inflammatory disorders. Specifically, selective agonists for NMUR2 in peripheral tissue show promising long-term anti-obesity effects with fewer CNS-related side effects. However, the mechanisms of peptide binding specificity and receptor activation remain elusive. Here, we report four cryo-electron microscopy structures of Gq chimera-coupled NMUR1 and NMUR2 in complexes with NMU and NMS. These structures reveal the conserved overall peptide-binding mode and the mechanism of peptide selectivity for specific NMURs, as well as the common activation mechanism of the NMUR subfamily. Together, these findings provide insights into the molecular basis of the peptide recognition and offer an opportunity for the design of the selective drugs targeting NMURs.
Mapping the energy level alignment at donor/acceptor interfaces in non-fullerene organic solar cells
Authors: Li Xian’e , Zhang Qilun , Yu Jianwei , Xu Ye , Zhang Rui , Wang Chuanfei , Zhang Huotian , Fabiano Simone , Liu Xianjie , Hou Jianhui , Gao Feng , Fahlman Mats 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEnergy level alignment (ELA) at donor (D) -acceptor (A) heterojunctions is essential for understanding the charge generation and recombination process in organic photovoltaic devices. However, the ELA at the D-A interfaces is largely underdetermined, resulting in debates on the fundamental operating mechanisms of high-efficiency non-fullerene organic solar cells. Here, we systematically investigate ELA and its depth-dependent variation of a range of donor/non-fullerene-acceptor interfaces by fabricating and characterizing D-A quasi bilayers and planar bilayers. In contrast to previous assumptions, we observe significant vacuum level (VL) shifts existing at the D-A interfaces, which are demonstrated to be abrupt, extending over only 1–2 layers at the heterojunctions, and are attributed to interface dipoles induced by D-A electrostatic potential differences. The VL shifts result in reduced interfacial energetic offsets and increased charge transfer (CT) state energies which reconcile the conflicting observations of large energy level offsets inferred from neat films and large CT energies of donor - non-fullerene-acceptor systems.
Distinct and additive effects of calorie restriction and rapamycin in aging skeletal muscle
Authors: Ham Daniel J. , Börsch Anastasiya , Chojnowska Kathrin , Lin Shuo , Leuchtmann Aurel B. , Ham Alexander S. , Thürkauf Marco , Delezie Julien , Furrer Regula , Burri Dominik , Sinnreich Michael , Handschin Christoph , Tintignac Lionel A. , Zavolan Mihaela , Mittal Nitish , Rüegg Markus A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPreserving skeletal muscle function is essential to maintain life quality at high age. Calorie restriction (CR) potently extends health and lifespan, but is largely unachievable in humans, making “CR mimetics” of great interest. CR targets nutrient-sensing pathways centering on mTORC1. The mTORC1 inhibitor, rapamycin, is considered a potential CR mimetic and is proven to counteract age-related muscle loss. Therefore, we tested whether rapamycin acts via similar mechanisms as CR to slow muscle aging. Here we show that long-term CR and rapamycin unexpectedly display distinct gene expression profiles in geriatric mouse skeletal muscle, despite both benefiting aging muscles. Furthermore, CR improves muscle integrity in mice with nutrient-insensitive, sustained muscle mTORC1 activity and rapamycin provides additive benefits to CR in naturally aging mouse muscles. We conclude that rapamycin and CR exert distinct, compounding effects in aging skeletal muscle, thus opening the possibility of parallel interventions to counteract muscle aging.
TNF is a potential therapeutic target to suppress prostatic inflammation and hyperplasia in autoimmune disease
Authors: Vickman Renee E. , Aaron-Brooks LaTayia , Zhang Renyuan , Lanman Nadia A. , Lapin Brittany , Gil Victoria , Greenberg Max , Sasaki Takeshi , Cresswell Gregory M. , Broman Meaghan M. , Paez J. Sebastian , Petkewicz Jacqueline , Talaty Pooja , Helfand Brian T. , Glaser Alexander P. , Wang Chi-Hsiung , Franco Omar E. , Ratliff Timothy L. , Nastiuk Kent L. , Crawford Susan E. , Hayward Simon W. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAutoimmune (AI) diseases can affect many organs; however, the prostate has not been considered to be a primary target of these systemic inflammatory processes. Here, we utilize medical record data, patient samples, and in vivo models to evaluate the impact of inflammation, as seen in AI diseases, on prostate tissue. Human and mouse tissues are used to examine whether systemic targeting of inflammation limits prostatic inflammation and hyperplasia. Evaluation of 112,152 medical records indicates that benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) prevalence is significantly higher among patients with AI diseases. Furthermore, treating these patients with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-antagonists significantly decreases BPH incidence. Single-cell RNA-seq and in vitro assays suggest that macrophage-derived TNF stimulates BPH-derived fibroblast proliferation. TNF blockade significantly reduces epithelial hyperplasia, NFκB activation, and macrophage-mediated inflammation within prostate tissues. Together, these studies show that patients with AI diseases have a heightened susceptibility to BPH and that reducing inflammation with a therapeutic agent can suppress BPH.
Cooperative interaction between ERα and the EMT-inducer ZEB1 reprograms breast cancer cells for bone metastasis
Authors: Mohammadi Ghahhari Nastaran , Sznurkowska Magdalena K. , Hulo Nicolas , Bernasconi Lilia , Aceto Nicola , Picard Didier 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been proposed to contribute to the metastatic spread of breast cancer cells. EMT-promoting transcription factors determine a continuum of different EMT states. In contrast, estrogen receptor α (ERα) helps to maintain the epithelial phenotype of breast cancer cells and its expression is crucial for effective endocrine therapies. Determining whether and how EMT-associated transcription factors such as ZEB1 modulate ERα signaling during early stages of EMT could promote the discovery of therapeutic approaches to suppress metastasis. Here we show that, shortly after induction of EMT and while cells are still epithelial, ZEB1 modulates ERα-mediated transcription induced by estrogen or cAMP signaling in breast cancer cells. Based on these findings and our ex vivo and xenograft results, we suggest that the functional interaction between ZEB1 and ERα may alter the tissue tropism of metastatic breast cancer cells towards bone.
Thermally boosted upconversion and downshifting luminescence in Sc2(MoO4)3:Yb/Er with two-dimensional negative thermal expansion
Authors: Liao Jinsheng , Wang Minghua , Lin Fulin , Han Zhuo , Fu Biao , Tu Datao , Chen Xueyuan , Qiu Bao , Wen He-Rui 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRare earth (RE3+)-doped phosphors generally suffer from thermal quenching, in which their photoluminescence (PL) intensities decrease at high temperatures. Herein, we report a class of unique two-dimensional negative-thermal-expansion phosphor of Sc2(MoO4)3:Yb/Er. By virtue of the reduced distances between sensitizers and emitters as well as confined energy migration with increasing the temperature, a 45-fold enhancement of green upconversion (UC) luminescence and a 450-fold enhancement of near-infrared downshifting (DS) luminescence of Er3+ are achieved upon raising the temperature from 298 to 773 K. The thermally boosted UC and DS luminescence mechanism is systematically investigated through in situ temperature-dependent Raman spectroscopy, synchrotron X-ray diffraction and PL dynamics. Moreover, the luminescence lifetime of 4I13/2 of Er3+ in Sc2(MoO4)3:Yb/Er displays a strong temperature dependence, enabling luminescence thermometry with the highest relative sensitivity of 12.3%/K at 298 K and low temperature uncertainty of 0.11 K at 623 K. These findings may gain a vital insight into the design of negative-thermal-expansion RE3+-doped phosphors for versatile applications.
Bound states at partial dislocation defects in multipole higher-order topological insulators
Authors: Yamada Sasha S. , Li Tianhe , Lin Mao , Peterson Christopher W. , Hughes Taylor L. , Bahl Gaurav 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe bulk-boundary correspondence, which links a bulk topological property of a material to the existence of robust boundary states, is a hallmark of topological insulators. However, in crystalline topological materials the presence of boundary states in the insulating gap is not always necessary since they can be hidden in the bulk energy bands, obscured by boundary artifacts of non-topological origin, or, in the case of higher-order topology, they can be gapped altogether. Recently, exotic defects of translation symmetry called partial dislocations have been proposed to trap gapless topological modes in some materials. Here we present experimental observations of partial-dislocation-induced topological modes in 2D and 3D insulators. We particularly focus on multipole higher-order topological insulators built from circuit-based resonator arrays, since crucially they are not sensitive to full dislocation defects, and they have a sublattice structure allowing for stacking faults and partial dislocations.
Bipartite network models to design combination therapies in acute myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Jafari Mohieddin , Mirzaie Mehdi , Bao Jie , Barneh Farnaz , Zheng Shuyu , Eriksson Johanna , Heckman Caroline A. , Tang Jing 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCombination therapy is preferred over single-targeted monotherapies for cancer treatment due to its efficiency and safety. However, identifying effective drug combinations costs time and resources. We propose a method for identifying potential drug combinations by bipartite network modelling of patient-related drug response data, specifically the Beat AML dataset. The median of cell viability is used as a drug potency measurement to reconstruct a weighted bipartite network, model drug-biological sample interactions, and find the clusters of nodes inside two projected networks. Then, the clustering results are leveraged to discover effective multi-targeted drug combinations, which are also supported by more evidence using GDSC and ALMANAC databases. The potency and synergy levels of selective drug combinations are corroborated against monotherapy in three cell lines for acute myeloid leukaemia in vitro. In this study, we introduce a nominal data mining approach to improving acute myeloid leukaemia treatment through combinatorial therapy.
Using automated synthesis to understand the role of side chains on molecular charge transport
Authors: Li Songsong , Jira Edward R. , Angello Nicholas H. , Li Jialing , Yu Hao , Moore Jeffrey S. , Diao Ying , Burke Martin D. , Schroeder Charles M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe development of next-generation organic electronic materials critically relies on understanding structure-function relationships in conjugated polymers. However, unlocking the full potential of organic materials requires access to their vast chemical space while efficiently managing the large synthetic workload to survey new materials. In this work, we use automated synthesis to prepare a library of conjugated oligomers with systematically varied side chain composition followed by single-molecule characterization of charge transport. Our results show that molecular junctions with long alkyl side chains exhibit a concentration-dependent bimodal conductance with an unexpectedly high conductance state that arises due to surface adsorption and backbone planarization, which is supported by a series of control experiments using asymmetric, planarized, and sterically hindered molecules. Density functional theory simulations and experiments using different anchors and alkoxy side chains highlight the role of side chain chemistry on charge transport. Overall, this work opens new avenues for using automated synthesis for the development and understanding of organic electronic materials.