bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of X-ray pattern of lung lesion in COVID-19 in adult patients with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Tkachenko M.M. , Morozova N.L. , Tanasichuk-Gazhyeva N.V. , Cherkasova L.A. 
Published: October 2022

Background. Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) fall into the risk group of breathing passages infection as a result of clinical features of the disease. During the period of COVID-19 pandemic,the necessity of understanding how infection affects the course of the main disease has appeared, taking into account that viability of patients is essentially determined by the degree of lung lesion. Early diagnostics and complex therapy of coronavirus infection increase the lifespan of CF patients and improve quality of life. X-ray examinations play the leading role in solving this problem.
Purpose – to establish risk factors of the main pathological process aggravation by determining diagnostic significance of roentgen sings of lung lesion in COVID-19 in CF adult patients.
Materials and methods. Theanalysis of radiography and computed tomography results of 11 adult patients with CF of moderate and severe degree who were also diagnosed with coronavirus infection.
Results. The main X-ray symptoms in observed patients with CF with confirmed diagnosis of coronavirus infection was pneumonic infiltration of different degrees in the setting of diffuse changes of lung pattern and features of pulmonary emphysema. Besides symptoms of the main disease, computed tomography allowed us to find the signs, which we consider to be the signs of pneumonia caused by COVID-19 infection – induration of lung tissue in the form of ground-glass opacity, presence of ground-glass areas of different shapes with reticular changes and consolidation of lung tissue, bilateral localization of pathological changes, predominantly in basal and subpleural areas.
Conclusions. Lung lesion conditioned by COVID-19 in radiography of CF patients may be disguised by the features of the main disease manifestations. Therefore, any X-ray evidence of inflammatory lung changes in CF patients during the epidemic period must be regarded as COVID-19 suspected, and polymerase chain reaction and computed tomography must be performed.
Understanding wind-driven melt of patchy snow cover
Authors: van der Valk Luuk D. , Teuling Adriaan J. , Girod Luc , Pirk Norbert , Stoffer Robin , van Heerwaarden Chiel C. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract. The representation of snow processes in most large-scale hydrological and climate models is known to introduce considerable uncertainty into the predictions and projections of water availability. During the critical snowmelt period, the main challenge in snow modeling is that net radiation is spatially highly variable for a patchy snow cover, resulting in large horizontal differences in temperatures and heat fluxes. When a wind blows over such a system, these differences can drive advection of sensible and latent heat from the snow-free areas to the snow patches, potentially enhancing the melt rates at the leading edge and increasing the variability of subgrid melt rates. To get more insight into these processes, we examine the melt along the upwind and downwind edges of a 50 m long snow patch in the Finseelvi catchment, Norway, and try to explain the observed behavior with idealized simulations of heat fluxes and air movement over patchy snow. The melt of the snow patch was monitored from 11 June until 15 June 2019 by making use of height maps obtained through the photogrammetric structure-from-motion principle. A vertical melt of 23 ± 2.0 cm was observed at the upwind edge over the course of the field campaign, whereas the downwind edge melted only 3 ± 0.4 cm. When comparing this with meteorological measurements, we estimate the turbulent heat fluxes to be responsible for 60 % to 80 % of the upwind melt, of which a significant part is caused by the latent heat flux. The melt at the downwind edge approximately matches the melt occurring due to net radiation. To better understand the dominant processes, we represented this behavior in idealized direct numerical simulations, which are based on the measurements on a single snow patch by Harder et al. (2017) and resemble a flat, patchy snow cover with typical snow patch sizes of 15, 30, and 60 m. Using these simulations, we found that the reduction of the vertical temperature gradient over the snow patch was the main cause of the reductions in vertical sensible heat flux over distance from the leading edge, independent of the typical snow patch size. Moreover, we observed that the sensible heat fluxes at the leading edge and the decay over distance were independent of snow patch size as well, which resulted in a 15 % and 25 % reduction in average snowmelt for, respectively, a doubling and quadrupling of the typical snow patch size. These findings lay out pathways to include the effect of highly variable turbulent heat fluxes based on the typical snow patch size in large-scale hydrological and climate models to improve snowmelt modeling.
Penyelenggaraan Pendidikan Islam pada Masa Pra Kolonialisme
Authors: Dwianto Ari , Hidayati Murtafiah Nurul 
Published: October 2022

Sejarah pendidikan Islam di Indonesia tidak lepas dari keterkaitan masuknya kerajaan-kerajaan islam di tanah air. Islam masuk di Indonesia terbilang unik dan berbeda dengan masuknya islam di negara lainnya. Masuknya islam di Indonesia dibawa melalui jalur perdagangan dan dakwah para mubaligh, sedangkan di daerah atau negara lain islam masuk dengan cara penaklukan terlebih dahulu sebagaimana negara Irak, Iran, Mesir, Afrika Utara dan Andalusia. Sejak permulaan perkembangan islam di Indonesia, pendidikan memiliki peranan utama bagi masyarakat disamping karena pentingnya pendidikan, kepentingan penyiaran islam melalui pendidikan dilakukan guna mendorong masyarakat dalam pelaksanaan pengajaran islam meskipun dalam sistem pendidikan yang masih sederhana. Pendidikan saat itu masih dilakukan di masjid, musholla, surau dan rumah-rumah ulama dengan model pengajaran Halaqoh. Artikel ini membahas tentang penyelenggaraan pendidikan islam masa pra kolonialisme yang terbagi dalam beberapa bahasan yaitu; Pendidikan Islam masa kerajaan Islam Aceh, Pendidikan Islam pada masa kerajaan Islam di Jawa, Pendidikan Islam pada Masa Kerajaan Islam di Kalimantan, Pendidikan Islam pada masa kerajaan di Sulawesi dan pendidikan Islam pada masa Organisasi Wali Sembilan (wali songo).
Capítulo 3. La importancia de la información en la época de la desinformación. Fomentar el espíritu crítico de los alumnos
Authors: Martín García Teresa , Marcos Ramos María 
Published: October 2022

La sobreexposición a los mensajes mediáticos es cada vez más intensa y es necesario diseñar políticas educativas centradas en la alfabetización mediática, que contribuyan al desarrollo de espectadores conscientes, críticos y activos. En este capítulo se presentan algunas propuestas para trabajar la alfabetización mediática en la Universidad desde el trabajo colaborativo e interdisciplinar.
Palabras clave: alfabetización mediática, información, desinformación, universidad, innovación educativa.
Efeito do consumo do glutamato monossódico durante o período de gestação e lactação sobre o comportamento da prole no labirinto em cruz elevado
Authors: Salzano Renata Maria Rodrigues , Melo Ana Paula Rocha de , Borba Juliana Maria Carrazzone , Silva Maria Surama Pereira da 
Published: October 2022

O glutamato monossódico (GMS) é o sal sódico do L-glutamato ou ácido glutâmico. Este trabalho analisou a relação do consumo de GMS durante o período de gestação (G) e lactação (L) sobre o desenvolvimento comportamental da prole labirinto em cruz elevado (LCE). Ratas Wistar foram alimentadas com dieta Padrão do Biotério - PB (Grupo controle C) ou dieta PB acrescida de 10% de GMS (Grupo experimental – E) durante o período G e L. Após o desmame os animais machos foram mantidos com a mesma dieta de suas mães. Os animais foram pesados nos dias 1, 7, 14 e 21 do período L e ao completarem 35 dias de idade. No 35º dia foram submetidos ao teste no LCE por 5 minutos. Foram observadas diferenças significativas no peso corporal (g) dos filhotes no grupo E em relação ao grupo C apenas no dia 1. O número de entradas nos braços fechados (BF) foi significativamente maior no grupo E quando comparado ao C. Quanto ao número de entradas nos braços abertos (BA), tempo gasto no BA e BF não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os grupos estudados. O consumo materno de uma dieta à base de GMS altera o peso corporal da prole ao nascimento, bem como, altera o comportamento locomotor nos filhotes.
Palavras-chave: Labirinto em Cruz Elevado; Glutamato Monossódico; Gestação; Lactação; Ratos.
Immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer therapy: The leading role of the endocrinologist
Authors: Modica Roberta , Colao Annamaria , Jimenez-Canizales Carlos Eduardo 
Published: October 2022

The endocrine, immune, and nervous systems have a close functional relation from the embryonic development until the end of life, nevertheless this important homeostasis can be altered by any stressors such as infections, autoimmune diseases, neoplasms or medications.
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPi) have relatively recently emerged as a promising treatment option for several cancers, including advanced melanoma, non–small cell lung cancer, renal cell carcinoma, and colorectal cancer. ICPi target immune checkpoints, such as cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) or its ligand (PD-L1). ICPi modulates the immune system with the aim of eradicating cancer cells, but despite their acknowledged anti-cancer efficacy, they can increase the risk of developing autoimmune disorders. In this fashion, the same mechanisms that support tumor regression may favor autoantigen-mediated cytotoxicity and the production of T-cell-dependent autoantibodies. Importantly, patients on ICPi may develop endocrine adverse events, even after months or years from the final dose of ICPi, affecting a wide variety of glands. These endocrine adverse events include hypophysitis, diabetes mellitus, hypo and hyperthyroidism, and, adrenal insufficiency. Such toxicities may complicate the clinical course and prognosis of patients, increasing morbidity and mortality if not promptly identified and treated, as they can be life threatening and irreversible.
PEMBERDAYAAN EKONOMI DESA KANDANGAN MELALUI PEMANFAATAN POHON PISANG MENJADI KERAJINAN
Authors: Ida Fauziatun Nisa  , M. Iqbal Tawakkal  
Published: October 2022

Pandemi covid-19 memberikan dampak yang kurang baik terhadap perekonomian. Sehingga diperlukan adanya inovasi baru untuk menambah pendapatan masyarakat. Desa Kandangan merupakan salah satu desa yang terletak di kecamatan Trucuk kabupaten Bojonegoro, yang kami pilih untuk dijadikan pengabdian. Pengabdian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh banyaknya aset pohon pisang yang dimiliki oleh desa kandangan. Ditandai dengan adanya pohon pisang disetiap pekarangan. Warga desa kandangan menjadikan pohon pisang untuk menyambung hidup dengan mengeringkan pelepah pisang disepanjang jalan. Yang kemudian setelah pelepah pisang itu kering langsung dijual mentahan ke pengepul. Ada juga yang diinovasikan menjadi dalungan. Sehingga dapat dijual dengan harga yang lebih terjangkau. Namun kebanyakan dari mereka lebih suka menjual mentahan ke pengepul. Karena selain proses kerjanya cepat juga lebih cepat mendapatkan uang. Hal ini karena kurangnya kreativitas dan inovasi warga kandangan dalam memanfaatkan asset yang ada. Oleh karena itu kami memberikan terobosan baru yakni dengan mengadakan workhshop pemanfaatn pohon pisang menjadi aneka kerajinan.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pemberdayaan ekonomi desa kandangan dengan memanfaatkan pohon pisang menjadi aneka kerajinan. Metode yang digunakan dalam pengabdian ini adalah metode Asset Based Community Development (ABCD). Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian lapangan. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitataif deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini menujukkan bahwa dengan adanya workhsop pemanfaataan pohon pisang menjadi kerajinan dapat menambah kreativitas dan inovasi baru untuk warga desa Kandangan.
PENGEMBANGAN UKM ABON IKAN PATIN DI DESA JATIBARU PASCA PANDEMI COVID DALAM MENINGKATKAN KESEJAHTERAAN MASYARAKAT
Authors: Ifah Masrifah  , Karyono Karyono 
Published: October 2022

Pengembangan UKM Abon Ikan Patin dilaksanakan sebagai kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat oleh Perguruan Tinggi terhadap UKM Olahan Ikan Patin yaitu ibu-ibu PKK di Desa Jatibaru, Kecamatan Cikarang Timur, Kabupaten Bekasi, Provinsi Jawa Barat. Bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat Jatibaru Pasca Pandemi Covid dengan pembuatan abon ikan patin yang memiliki nilai jual dipasaran. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan ini meliputi metode penyuluhan, pelatihan dan pendampingan dari mulai proses produksi sampai dengan pemasaran. Hasilnya adalah terbentuknya kelompok ibu-ibu PKK pembuatan abon dari ikan patin sebagai pembuka lapangan pekerjaan untuk mendapatkan penghasilan yang dapat meningkatkan kesejahteraan masayarakat Jatibaru. Hal ini Program Pengabdian Masyarakat dapat meningkatkan ilmu dan pengetahuan serta mengembangkan wawasan yang bermanfaat untuk dipraktikan bagi masyarakat secara nyata.
Fifty Years of Bangladesh-Japan Relations: Japan’s Contribution to the Freedom Struggle of Bangladesh
Authors:   Department of Political Science, University of Dhaka, Reza S. M. Ali 
Published: October 2022

The year 2022 marks the 50th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between Bangladesh and Japan. Japan was one of the first countries to recognize Bangladesh officially, on 10 th February 1972, fewer than two months after the latter gained independence. This article investigates the great assistance that Japan extended to Bangladesh at this crucial juncture in its history, while also exploring several new insights into Japan’s contribution to the freedom struggle in 1971. The widespread support and cooperation of the Japanese people towards Bangladesh during its resistance against the Pakistan military were spontaneous and overwhelming. Many Japanese organizations, like the 'Japan-Bangladesh Friendship Association' (JBFA), the 'Bangladesh Solidarity Front' (BSF), and the Japan Red Cross Society (JRCS), made an immense contribution to Bangladesh's War of Liberation. Notable Japanese politicians and professionals, like Takashi Hayakawa (MP), Professor Tsuyoshi Nara, and Professor Setsurei Tsurushima, coordinated and strengthened their collective efforts to support Bangladesh. The Japanese press and media, like the Japan Times, Daily Yomiuri, and Asahi Shimbun, also played a very positive role in mobilizing public opinion in favor of the independence of Bangladesh. The Japanese government was sympathetic towards the defecting Bengali diplomats who left the Pakistani side and were in Japan under special permission from the Japanese government. Even the Japanese United Nations (UN) Mission came forward to sponsor or co-sponsor several resolutions supporting the means of Bangladesh. We earnestly hope that fifty years of bilateral relations will elevate into "heart- to-heart" relations, from a comprehensive partnership to a strategic partnership.
Ekspertkilder i landsdækkende danske dagblade
Authors: Johansen Kresten Roland , Johansen Jakob Dybro 
Published: October 2022

Ekspertkilder optræder overalt i mediebilledet og bidrager til at give journalistikken autoritet og troværdighed. Men eksperterne udgør en broget forsamling og bruges i vidt forskellige roller og funktioner. Der mangler aktuel forskningsbaseret viden om, hvem de er, og hvad de bruges til. I denne artikel undersøges begge dele.
Vi laver en indholdsanalyse af fire ugers dækning i 2021 i de tre største landsdækkende dagblade: Jyllands-Posten, Politiken og Berlingske Tidende. Og sammenligner resultaterne med eksisterende forskning.
Knap halvdelen af dagbladenes ekspertkilder er privatansatte ikke-forskere. Økonomer og andre samfundsfagligt uddannede udgør 79 procent af disse. Blandt forskerkilderne udgør kvinder 22 procent. De er særligt underrepræsenterede inden for naturvidenskab. 86 procent af forskerkilderne udtaler sig om aktuelle begivenheder og andres forskning, mens 14 procent udtaler sig om egen forskning. I 98 procent af artiklerne med ekspertkilder castes en eller flere ekspertkilder til at levere vurderinger.
Resultaterne rejser spørgsmål om journalisters kriterier for at udvælge ekspertkilder, og om journalister tildeler ekspertkilder deres autoritetsfunktion på et tilstrækkeligt kildekritisk grundlag.
Mental Reality
Authors: Strawson Galen 
Published: October 2022

What is distinctive of the mental? In Mental Reality, Galen Strawson argues that the answer is not intelligence, representational content, or intentionality broadly understood, but conscious experience. Strawson challenges neobehaviorist accounts of the mental. He argues that much contemporary philosophy of mind is still confused by positivism and its various offspring. It gives undue primacy of place to nonmental phenomena, publicly observable phenomena, and behavioral phenomena in its account of the nature of mind. Strawson describes an alternative position, naturalized Cartesianism, that couples the materialist view that mind is entirely natural and wholly physical with respect for the idea that the only distinctively mental phenomena are those of conscious experience.
Bradford Books imprint
Epidemiological comparison of central and peripheral infective corneal infiltration: influence of contact lens wear and other risk factors
Authors: Seal D. , Devonshire P. , Hay J. , Kirkness C. , Bennett H. 
Published: July 2002

Purpose: Risk factors for microbial keratitis (mk) are previous ocular surface, disease, contact lens (CL) wear and trauma. Their respective roles for central and peripheral infiltration (CI and PI) reflect changing primary car practice influencing predisposing causes. This study quantifies risk factors.Methods: The study was conducted over nine months. All cases of putative mk were investigated using intensive culture of corneal scrapes. Risk factor data were recorded. All patients receiving antimicrobial therapy were included.Results: 26/54 patients (48%) had CI (46% wore CL), 3/54 (6%) had paraxial infiltration and 25/54 (46%) had PI (40% wore CL). For CI, 14/26 (54%) yielded Acanthamoeba sp. (4), S. aureus (3), S. pneumoniae (3), S. viridans (1), Ps. aeruginosa (2) and Acinetobacter sp. (1); 8/14 (57%) wore CL [FDA groups 1(2), 2(1), 4(5)], the former 3 extended wear, the latter 5, 4‐weekly use of ‘disposable’ CL. 5 CI had ocular surface disease (4 HSV); 1 had trauma (mascara brush) with contaminated drops. For PI, 2/25 (8%) were cultured‐positive (1 S. aureus and 1 S. pneumoniae); neither wore CL and other recognized factors were absent.Conclusions: Predisposing factors in culture‐positive CI were CL wear and previous HSV keratitis. Compliant use of hydrogen peroxide disinfection in CL wearers was not associated with culture‐positive infiltration.
An arabic letter distance visual acuity test chart for young children and illiterate adults
Authors: Oduntan A.O. , Briggs S.T. 
Published: July 2002

SummaryThis paper describes the design of a kinetic response Arabic letter distance visual acuity test chart for young children and illiterate adults.An Arabic letterein which has previously been used in the design of Arabic alphabet VA charts was employed. Four different orientations of the letter were constructed on a 5×5 unit format and graded according to log MAR principle of acuity scaling using an Apple computer. Inter‐letter space in each row was made equal to the width of each letter in the row, and inter‐row space was made equal to the height of letters in the next lower row.The chart has 14 acuity rows ranging from 4/40 to 4/2 (6/60 to 6/3) (20/200 to 20/10) (log MAR 1.0 to −0.3) at 4 metres.To establish the validity of the chart, acuity values obtained using the chart were compared with those from an existing Arabic log MAR distance VA chart and the Bailey and Lovie distance VA chart. Test retest reliability of the chart was also examined statistically.Results show that VA values from the new chart were significantly similar with those from which it was compared, and that values from the chart are reliable. The chart will be useful for evaluating vision, especially for young children and illiterate adults.
The characteristics of near prism induced fixation disparity curve in Hong Kong Chinese
Authors: Kwan Lawrence K.H. , Lam Andrew K.C. , Kwan Calvin K.F. , Yeung Pauline H.N. 
Published: July 2002

SummaryThe characteristics of prism induced fixation disparity curve at near were studied in 56 asymptomatic young adult Hong Kong Chinese (average age 21 years). The percentage distribution of types of fixation disparity curves was found to be similar to some previous studies, with a higher prevalence of Type I curve (64.3%), followed by Type II (28.6%) and Type III (7.1%) curves. No Type IV curve was revealed from the sample. Two modified measurement approaches were applied to study the effect of measurement techniques on the parameters of fixation disparity curve obtained. A thorough description of the techniques was given. Although a significant difference in thex‐ andy‐intercepts was obtained between different methods, the curve type and slope were not affected. The averagey‐intercepts (fixation disparity) were 2.72 min of arc and 3.54 min of arc from two methods respectively. Forty‐one subjects hadx‐intercept (associated phoria) found from the curve. The average values were 2.42Δ base‐out and 3.54Δ base‐out from two methods respectively.
Hybrid BEEQ tandem mass spectrometer for the study of ion/surface collision processes
Authors: Winger B. E. , Laue H. -J. , Horning S. R. , Julian R. K. , Lammert S. A. , Riederer D. E. , Cooks R. G. 
Published: July 2002

A hybrid mass spectrometer consisting of a magnetic sector, two electric sectors, and a quadrupole mass filter (BEEQ) has been built for the study of polyatomic ion/surface collision phenomena over the energy range of a few electron volts to several keV. Primary ions are generated by electron ionization or by chemical ionization, and the first two sectors are used to deliver a monoenergetic beam of ions, of a selected mass-to-charge m/z ratio, to a decelerator which sets the desired collision energy. The target, which can be introduced into the system without breaking vacuum, is mounted on a goniometer and situated in an electrically shielded region in the center of a large scattering chamber which contains an electric sector and a quadrupole mass analyzer used for kinetic energy and mass measurements on the ejected ions. These analyzers rotate around the scattering center to allow selection of the scattering angle of ions leaving the surface.
Ultimate pressures attainable in the main scattering chamber are below 10−9 Torr allowing molecular targets, such as self-assembled monolayers of alkyl thiols on gold, to be examined without surface contamination. Low-energy (20–100 eV) collisions of polyatomic ions are reported, and examples are given of the effects of collision energy and scattering angle on surface induced dissociation mass spectra. The kinetic energy of the inelastically scattered ions is also measured, and in some cases, the internal energy can be estimated, the two measurements together providing information on energy partitioning associated with surface collisions. For example, it is shown that n-butylbenzene molecular ions of 25 eV colliding with ferrocenyl-terminated self-assembled monolayer surfaces, rebound with 10 eV of recoil energy and 3 eV of internal energy.
The remainder of the energy goes into the surface. The capability of the BEEQ instrument to provide data on ion/surface reactive collisions is also illustrated with reactions such as alkyl group transfer at self-assembled monolayer surfaces. In addition, data are given showing the ability of the system to provide information on the kinetic energy distributions of ions generated in the course of high-energy collisions at the surface. Mass analysis of the sputtered products provides the instrument with secondary-ion mass spectrometry capabilities.