bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-dose X-ray radiation induced MgO degradation and breakdown in spin transfer torque magnetic tunnel junctions
Authors: He Qi , Shi Hui , Wang Yinquan , Cao Lichao , Gu Xiang , Wu Jianwei , Hong Genshen , Li Minghua 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMagnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) with magnesium oxide (MgO) tunnel barrier is the core element of spin transfer torque-based magnetic random access memory. For the application in the space environment, the total ionizing dose radiation effects on MTJs need to be evaluated. In this work, the MTJs were exposed to X-ray radiation with different doses of up to 10 Mrad(Si). Measurements of current induced magnetization switching (CIMS) behavior of these MTJs were performed before and after radiation. The results show negligible changes in the tunneling magnetoresistance and current switching properties after 8 Mrad(Si) X-ray radiation. However, with a total dose of 9 Mrad(Si), a significant reduction in junction resistance of a fairly large number of MTJs was observed, which showed characteristics of MTJ breakdown. Moreover, in this study, all experimental MTJs became functionally disabled due to MgO breakdown under 10 Mrad(Si) X-ray radiation. The CoFeB/MgO/CoFeB interface microstructure was observed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Interfacial structural results indicate that the MgO degradation and breakdown behavior caused by X-ray ionizing radiation can give rise to radiation-induced oxygen vacancies across the tunnel barrier oxide layer.
Stability and degradation in triple cation and methyl ammonium lead iodide perovskite solar cells mediated via Au and Ag electrodes
Authors: Kranthiraja Kakaraparthi , Parashar Mritunjaya , Mehta Ravindra K. , Aryal Sujan , Temsal Mahdi , Kaul Anupama B. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPerovskite solar cells (PSCs), particularly based on the methyl ammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) formulation, have been of intense interest for the past decade within the photovoltaics (PV) community, given the stupendous rise in power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) attributed to these perovskite formulations, where PCEs have exceeded 25%. However, their long-term stability under operational conditions and environmental storage are still prime challenges to be overcome towards their commercialization. Although studies on the intrinsic perovskite absorber stability have been conducted previously, there are no clear mechanisms for the interaction of electrode-induced absorber degradation pathways, which is the focus of this study. In this report, we have conducted a comprehensive analysis on the impact of the electrode collector layer, specifically Ag and Au, on the degradation mechanism associated with the MAPbI3and a triple cation absorber, Cs0.05FA0.79MA0.16PbI2.45Br0.55. Notably, Au-based PSCs for both absorbers in an n-i-p architecture showed superior PCE over Ag-based PSCs, where the optimized PCE of MAPbI3and triple cation-based PSCs was 15.39% and 18.21%, respectively. On the other hand, optimized PCE of MAPbI3and triple cation-based PSCs with Ag electrodes was 3.02% and 16.44%, respectively. In addition, the Ag-based PSCs showed a rapid decrease in PCE over Au-based PSCs through operational stability measurements. We hypothesize the mechanism of degradation, arising from the Ag interaction with the absorber through the formation of AgI in the PSCs, leads to corrosion of the perovskite absorber, as opposed to the benign AuI when Au electrodes are used in the solar cell stack. Additionally, novel use of photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL) here, allowed us to access key features of the perovskite absorber in situ, while it was in contact with the various layers within the n-i-p solar cell stack. A quenching in the PL peak in the case of Ag-contacted MAPbI3provided direct evidence of the Ag corrupting the optical properties of the absorber through the formation of AgI which our X-ray diffraction (XRD) results confirmed. This was supported by the fact that an emission peak was still present in the triple cation Ag-device. For the Au-contacted MAPbI3the presence of a well-defined PL peak, though attenuated from the triple cation Au-device, suggested the AuI does not quell the emission spectrum for either the triple cation or the MAPbI3absorber. The findings should aid in the understanding and design of new electrode materials with PSCs, which will help accelerate their introduction into the commercial sector in the future.
Colorimetric sensor arrays for the differentiation of baijiu based on amino-acid-modified gold nanoparticles
Authors: Jia Junjie , Zhang Suyi , Ma Long , Zheng Lei , Yu Songbai , Shen Caihong , Fu Haiyan , Wang Songtao , She Yuanbin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIt is of great significance for quality control to realize the discrimination for baijiu from different brands and origins. Strong-aroma-type baijiu (SAB), one of the most important Chinese aroma-type baijiu, exhibits the largest variety and market share. In this study, we proposed colorimetric sensor arrays based on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) modified with different amino acids (AAs) to recognize the organic acids, and further distinguish different SABs. Three representative AAs, namely methionine (Met), tryptophan (Trp), and histidine (His), were selected to modify the AuNPs surface. The investigation of the effect of the main ingredients of SAB on AA@AuNPs aggregation confirmed that this aggregation mainly resulted from organic acids. Moreover, this aggregation was successfully used for differentiating 11 organic acids. Different pH conditions can not only cause changes of the content of organic acids in baijiu, but also disrupt the balance among flavor substances of baijiu to some extent. Consequently, the AA@AuNPs arrays under two pH conditions have been successfully applied to distinguish 14 kinds of SABs from different brands and origins. The proposed colorimetric sensor method is simple, rapid, and visualized and provides a potential application prospect for the quality control of baijiu and other alcoholic beverages.
Sampling from four geographically divergent young female populations demonstrates forensic geolocation potential in microbiomes
Authors: Clarke Thomas , Brinkac Lauren , Greco Chris , Alleyne Angela T. , Carrasco Patricio , Inostroza Carolina , Tau Tiiseto , Wisitrasameewong Wichaya , Torralba Manolito G. , Nelson Karen , Singh Harinder 
Published: November 2022

AbstractStudies of human microbiomes using new sequencing techniques have increasingly demonstrated that their ecologies are partly determined by the lifestyle and habits of individuals. As such, significant forensic information could be obtained from high throughput sequencing of the human microbiome. This approach, combined with multiple analytical techniques demonstrates that bacterial DNA can be used to uniquely identify an individual and to provide information about their life and behavioral patterns. However, the transformation of these findings into actionable forensic information, including the geolocation of the samples, remains limited by incomplete understanding of the effects of confounding factors and the paucity of diverse sequences. We obtained 16S rRNA sequences of stool and oral microbiomes collected from 206 young and healthy females from four globally diverse populations, in addition to supporting metadata, including dietary and medical information. Analysis of these microbiomes revealed detectable geolocation signals between the populations, even for populations living within the same city. Accounting for other lifestyle variables, such as diet and smoking, lessened but does not remove the geolocation signal.
Evidence for the coupling of refill liquids content and new particle formation in electronic cigarette vapors
Authors: Dada Oluwabunmi , Castillo Karina , Hogan Miranda , Chalbot Marie-Cecile G. , Kavouras Ilias G. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe size and chemical content of particles in electronic cigarette vapors (e-vapors) dictate their fate in the human body. Understanding how particles in e-vapors are formed and their size is critical to identifying and mitigating the adverse consequences of vaping. Thermal decomposition and reactions of the refill liquid (e-liquid) components play a key role in new particles formation. Here we report the evolution of particle number concentration in e-vapors over time for variable mixtures of refill e-liquids and operating conditions. Particle with aerodynamic diameter < 300 nm accounted for up to 17% (or 780 μg/m3) of e-vapors particles. Two events of increasing particle number concentration were observed, 2–3 s after puff completion and a second 4–5 s later. The intensity of each event varied by the abundance of propylene glycol, glycerol, and flavorings in e-liquids. Propylene glycol and glycerol were associated with the first event. Flavorings containing aromatic and aliphatic unsaturated functional groups were strongly associated with the second event and to a lesser extent with the first one. The results indicate that particles in e-vapors may be formed through the heteromolecular condensation of propylene glycol, glycerol, and flavorings, including both parent chemicals and/or their thermal decomposition products.
Mental health in pregnant individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic based on a Swiss online survey
Authors: Favre Guillaume , Kunz Cléa , Schwank Simone , Chung Ho-Fung , Radan Anda Petronela , Raio Luigi , Fluri Mihaela , Winterfeld Ursula , Baud David , Pomar Léo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe aim of our study was to evaluate the mental health of pregnant individuals during the early COVID-19 pandemic and the potential factors associated. A Swiss online survey was proposed to individuals who gave birth during the pandemic period from March 2020. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 questions (GAD-7), and Impact Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) were evaluated and used to defined mental health impairment as a composite outcome. From October, 2020 to February, 2021, 736 participants responded. The anxiety GAD-7 score was moderate in 9.6% and severe in 2.0%. The EPDS was moderate in 21.5% and severe in 32.9%. The IES-R was moderate in 10.3% and severe in 3.9%. Mental health impairment was reported in 37.0%. The association between the risk of mental health impairment and foreign nationality was significant (OR = 1.48; 95%CI [1.06–2.05]) as well as fetal and pregnancy worries because of coronavirus (OR = 1.46; 95% CI [1.08–1.98]) and 1.65; 95% CI [1.22–2.24]). Adjusted ORs were significant for foreign nationality (aOR = 1.51; 95%CI [1.07–2.13]) and pregnancy worries because of coronavirus (aOR = 1.62; 95%CI [1.10–2.40]). Pregnant people and especially foreign national have a high risk of mental health impairment during the pandemic.
Effect of crucible wall roughness on the laminar/turbulent flow transition of the Ga75In25 alloy stirred by a rotating magnetic field
Authors: Roósz András , Rónaföldi Arnold , Svéda Mária , Veres Zsolt 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe critical magnetic induction (Bcr) values of a melt flow produced by a rotating magnetic field (RMF), remaining laminar or turbulent, are essential in different solidification processes. In an earlier paper (Metall Res Technol 100: 1043–1061, 2003), we showed that Bcr depends on the crucible radius (R) and frequency of the magnetic field (f). The effect of wall roughness (WR) on Bcr was investigated in this study. Using ten different wall materials, we determined the angular frequency (ω) and Reynolds number (Re) as a function of the magnetic induction (B) and f using two different measuring methods (pressure compensation method, PCM; height measuring method, HMM). The experiments were performed at room temperature; therefore, the Ga75wt%In25wt% alloy was chosen for the experiments. Based on the measured and calculated results, a simple relationship was determined between Bcr and Re*, f, R, and WR, where the constants K1, K2, K3, and K4 depended on the physical properties of the melt and wall material:$$Bcr\left({Re}^{*},f,R,WR\right)=\frac{{Re}^{*}}{{R}^{2}}({K}_{1} {f}^{-K2}+{K}_{3} {f}^{-K4} WR)$$

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Experimental study on freeze–thaw damage characteristics of coal samples of different moisture contents in liquid nitrogen
Authors: Wang Xiaoqi , Qi Xiaohan , Ma Heng , Gao Ke , Li Shengnan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this study, the surface crack-propagation law and pore damage characteristics of coal samples of different water contents after they undergo leaching in liquid nitrogen are investigated using a 4 K scientific-research camera, HC-U7 non-metal ultrasonic detector, nuclear magnetic resonance testing technology, and self-made multi-functional three axial fluid–solid coupling test system. Experimental investigations are conducted on coal samples of different water contents before and after they undergo liquid-nitrogen freezing and thawing in order to determine the propagation law of surface fissures, the development law of internal micro-fissures, the development process of internal pores, the change law of the pore-size distribution, and the law of coal-sample deformation and gas seepage during the stress process. The test results show that, with the increase in water content in the liquid-nitrogen leaching process, the frost heave force on the coal surface increases, and the greater the increase ratio of the coal porosity, the faster is the development of micro-cracks and pores. Under the action of liquid nitrogen, the number of micro-pores, meso-pores, and macro-pores in the coal sample increased, and with the formation of new cracks and the connection of the original cracks, liquid-nitrogen freezing and thawing can promote the development of the pore structure in the coal body. The permeability changes of coal samples of different water contents during unloading failure exhibit obvious stage characteristics. The above results demonstrate that the moisture content of coal has a significant effect on the development of surface cracks and pore-damage characteristics of coal after liquid-nitrogen freezing and thawing, and there is a positive correlation between the surface crack expansion and internal damage of the coal samples of different moisture contents leached in liquid nitrogen.
Optimization studies of BTX removal by magnetite coated oleic acid obtained from microwave-assisted synthesis using response surface methodology
Authors: Masuku Makhosazana , Ouma Linda , Sanni Saheed , Pholosi Agnes 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBenzene, toluene and xylene (BTX) are volatile organic compounds released into the environment, that require urgent removal to avoid adverse health effects. In this work, the modelling and optimization of the preparation factors for magnetite coated oleic acid (MNP-OA) composite from microwave synthesis using response surface methodology were conducted to maximize BTX removal, and iron content. The influence of five crucial preparation variables: the Fe3+/Fe2+ solution volumes, microwave power, volume of ammonia water (VAW), reaction time and volume of oleic acid (VOA) on the iron content (% Fe), and BTX adsorption capacity were investigated. The analysis of variance results revealed that VOA and VAW were the most influential factors for high % Fe content, and improved BTX removal. The % Fe, and BTX adsorption capacity for MNP-OA composite at optimized experimental conditions were estimated to be 85.57%, 90.02 mg/g (benzene), 90.07 mg/g (toluene), and 96.31 mg/g (xylene).
Impact of IL-15 and latency reversing agent combinations in the reactivation and NK cell-mediated suppression of the HIV reservoir
Authors: Covino Daniela Angela , Desimio Maria Giovanna , Doria Margherita 
Published: November 2022

AbstractInhibitors of histone deacetylases (HDACis) are major latency reversing agent (LRA) candidates in ‘shock and kill’ strategies to eradicate the HIV reservoir in infected patients. The poor achievements of initial HDACi-based trials and subsequent studies have highlighted the need for more efficient approaches such as combinatory and immunostimulating therapies. Here we studied combinations of IL-15 with pan-HDACi (Vorinostat, Romidepsin, Panobinostat) or class I selective-HDACi (Entinostat) with or without a PKC agonist (Prostratin) for their impact on in vitro reactivation and NK cell-mediated suppression of latent HIV. Results showed that pan-HDACis but not Entinostat reduced NK cell viability and function; yet, combined IL-15 reverted the negative effects of pan-HDACis except for Panobinostat. All HDACis were ineffective at reactivating HIV in a CD4+ T cell model of latency, with pan-HDACis suppressing spontaneous and IL-15- or Prostratin-induced HIV release, while IL-15 + Prostratin combination showed maximal activity. Moreover, Panobinostat impaired STAT5 and NF-κB activation by IL-15 and Prostratin, respectively. Finally, by using effectors (NK) and targets (latently infected CD4+ T cells) equally exposed to drug combinations, we found that IL-15-mediated suppression of HIV reactivation by NK cells was inhibited by Panobinostat. Our data raise concerns and encouragements for therapeutic application of IL-15/LRA combinations.
Covid-19 vaccination programme effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 related infections, hospital admissions and deaths in the Apulia region of Italy: a one-year retrospective cohort study
Authors: Homan Tobias , Mazzilli Sara , Chieti Antonio , Musa Alessandra , Roth Adam , Fortunato Francesca , Bisceglia Lucia , Prato Rosa , Lopalco Pier Luigi , Martinelli Domenico 
Published: November 2022

AbstractStudies reporting vaccine effectiveness against COVID-19 outcomes concentrate mainly on estimates of one single type of vaccine and variant, seldom considering waning effects. We aimed to estimate the effectiveness of the overall COVID-19 vaccination programme implemented in the Apulia region of Italy at preventing SARS-CoV-2 infections, COVID-19-related hospital admissions and deaths during alpha and delta variant dominant periods. We conducted a retrospective cohort study using electronic health records of persons 16 years and older resident in the Apulia region, assessing the effectiveness of the combined use of BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, ChAdOx1-S and Ad26.COV2.S vaccines against confirmed COVID-19 infections, hospitalisations and deaths, for fully and partially vaccinated persons as well as by time since vaccination and variants. Cox regression models yielding hazard ratios were used to calculate the overall vaccination programme effectiveness. From 1 January to 1 December 2021, we included 3,530,967 eligible persons in the cohort, of whom 2,770,299 were fully vaccinated and 158,313 were COVID-19 positive at the end of the study period. The effectiveness of the programme over the entire study period for fully vaccinated persons against COVID-19 infection, hospitalisation and death were 87.69% (CI95% 87.73–88.18), 94.08% (93.58–94.54) and 95.95% (CI95% 95.26–96.54), respectively. The effectiveness against COVID-19 infection of fully vaccinated subjects during the alpha and delta period was respectively 88.20% (CI95% 87.60–99.78) and 59.31% (CI95% 57.91–60.67), against hospitalisation 93.89% (CI95% 92.67–94.90) and 88.32% (CI95% 86.50–89.90) and against death 93.83% (CI95% 91.65–95.45) and 85.91 (CI95% 79.98–90.09). The waning effects of the programme regarding COVID-19 infection during the delta period were stronger than for alpha, with 75.85% (CI95% 74.38–77.24) effectiveness after 1–2 months and 8.35% (CI95% 3.45–13.01) after 5–6 months after full vaccination. The effectiveness against hospitalisation and death during the delta period waned rapidly and at 7–8-months after the full vaccination respectively decreased to 27.67% (CI95% 7.48–43.45) and 48.47 (CI95% 53.97–34.82). Our study suggests that the COVID-19 vaccination program in Apulia was strongly protective against COVID-19 infection, hospitalisation, and death due to alpha as well as delta variants, although its effectiveness is reduced over time.
Modelling the impact of protein-kinase R allelic variant on HIV biomarkers trajectories by means of latent class mixed models
Authors: Brombin Chiara , Bagaglio Sabrina , Cugnata Federica , Castagna Antonella , Uberti-Foppa Caterina , Salpietro Stefania , Di Serio Clelia , Morsica Giulia 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper is based on a retrospective longitudinal study on people living with HIV under antiretroviral treatment (ART) where allelic variants (either heterozygous CT genotype or homozygous CC genotype) have been evaluated at position −168 of the promoter region of the protein kinase R (−168/PKR). In general, antiviral effects of interferon are partially mediated by a RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) that, once activated, inhibits protein synthesis. Indeed, activation of PKR response can inhibit HIV replication. To explore the role of allelic variants in shaping dynamics of commonly monitored HIV biomarkers, CD4 cells, CD8 cells and HIV-load were modelled within a latent class mixed model (LCMM) to account for participants’ heterogeneity over time. The estimated models identified two sub-groups from CD4 and HIV-load dynamics, revealing better outcomes for subgroups of participants with the heterozygous CT genotype. Heterozygous CT subjects in one of the two identified subgroups exhibited higher increase of CD4 cells and more marked decrease of HIV-load, over time, with respect to the homozygous CC subjects assigned to the same group.
Development of seam tracking device in asynchronous tandem welding with arc sensing
Authors: Seo Bo Wook , Kim Dong-Yoon , Kim Cheolhee , Kim Seok , Cho Young Tae 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTandem welding is extensively used for welding large structures, such as ships and plants, for increased welding speed and volume. Seam tracking is essential because of a large amount of thermal deformation. However, in tandem welding, arc interference causes current and voltage to vary non-uniformly, leading to difficulties in seam tracking. Therefore, in this study, an optimal signal was identified for seam tracking in tandem welding and evaluated. To select the seam-tracking signal, an algorithm was developed that separates the welding signal into peak, average, and base. Based on the collected data, regression and signal-to-noise ratio analyses were performed to identify a suitable seam-tracking signal. To trace the welding line based on the selected signal, the welding signal was checked by weaving on the V-groove specimen. As a result, the current area difference of the welding signal generated between the left and right parts of the center of the V-groove could be calculated. An algorithm and equipment for seam tracking were constructed using the area difference of the welding current. Finally, the seam tracking system was verified by conducting an actual test using the equipment to which the algorithm was applied.
110 GHz, 110 mW hybrid silicon-lithium niobate Mach-Zehnder modulator
Authors: Valdez Forrest , Mere Viphretuo , Wang Xiaoxi , Boynton Nicholas , Friedmann Thomas A. , Arterburn Shawn , Dallo Christina , Pomerene Andrew T. , Starbuck Andrew L. , Trotter Douglas C. , Lentine Anthony L. , Mookherjea Shayan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHigh bandwidth, low voltage electro-optic modulators with high optical power handling capability are important for improving the performance of analog optical communications and RF photonic links. Here we designed and fabricated a thin-film lithium niobate (LN) Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) which can handle high optical power of 110 mW, while having 3-dB bandwidth greater than 110 GHz at 1550 nm. The design does not require etching of thin-film LN, and uses hybrid optical modes formed by bonding LN to planarized silicon photonic waveguide circuits. A high optical power handling capability in the MZM was achieved by carefully tapering the underlying Si waveguide to reduce the impact of optically-generated carriers, while retaining a high modulation efficiency. The MZM has a $$V_\pi L$$

V
π

L

product of 3.1 V.cm and an on-chip optical insertion loss of 1.8 dB.