bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resident and transient coyotes exhibit differential patterns of movement behavior across heterogeneous landscapes in the southeastern United States
Authors: Webster Sarah C. , Beasley James C. , Hinton Joseph W. , Chamberlain Michael J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCoyotes (Canis latrans) are a highly adaptable canid species whose behavioral plasticity has allowed them to persist in a wide array of habitats throughout North America. As generalists, coyotes can alter movement patterns and change territorial strategies between residency (high site fidelity) and transiency (low site fidelity) to maximize fitness. Uncertainty remains about resident and transient coyote movement patterns and habitat use because research has reached conflicting conclusions regarding patterns of habitat use by both groups. We quantified effects of habitat on resident and transient coyote movement behavior using first passage time (FPT) analysis, which assesses recursive movement along an individual's movement path to delineate where they exhibit area‐restricted search (ARS) behaviors relative to habitat attributes. We quantified monthly movement rates for 171 coyotes (76 residents and 53 transients) and then used estimated FPT values in generalized linear mixed models to quantify monthly habitat use for resident and transient coyotes. Transients had greater movement rates than residents across all months except January. Resident FPT values were positively correlated with agricultural land cover during fall and winter, but negatively correlated with agriculture during spring. Resident FPT values were also negatively correlated with developed habitats during May–August, deciduous land cover during June–August, and wetlands during September–January except November. FPT values of transient coyotes were positively correlated with developed areas throughout much of the year and near wetlands during July–September. Transient FPT values were negatively correlated with agriculture during all months except June and July. High FPT values (ARS behavior) of residents and transients were generally correlated with greater densities of edge habitat. Although we observed high individual variation in space use, our study found substantive differences in habitat use between residents and transients, providing further evidence that complexity and plasticity of coyote habitat use is influenced by territorial strategy.
Artificial selection for timing of dispersal in predatory mites yields lines that differ in prey exploitation strategies
Authors: Revynthi Alexandra M. , Verkleij Dirk , Janssen Arne , Egas Martijn 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDispersal is the main determinant of the dynamics and persistence of predator–prey metapopulations. When defining dispersal as a predator exploitation strategy, theory predicts the existence of a continuum of strategies: from some dispersal throughout the predator–prey interaction (the Milker strategy) to dispersal only after the prey had been exterminated (the Killer strategy). These dispersal strategies relate to differences in prey exploitation at the population level, with more dispersal leading to longer predator–prey interaction times and higher cumulative numbers of dispersing predators. In the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis, empirical studies have shown genetic variation for prey exploitation as well as for the timing of aerial dispersal in the presence of prey. Here, we test whether artificial selection for lines that differ in timing of dispersal also results in these lines differing in prey exploitation. Six rounds of selection for early or late dispersal resulted in predator lines displaying earlier or later dispersal. Moreover, it resulted—at the population level—in predicted differences in the local predator–prey interaction time and in the cumulative numbers of dispersers in a population dynamics experiment. We pose that timing of dispersal is a heritable trait that can be selected in P. persimilis, which results in lines that show quantitative differences in local predator–prey dynamics. This opens ways to experimentally investigate the evolution of alternative prey exploitation strategies and to select for predator strains with prey exploitation strategies resulting in better biological control.
Evaluating thermal performance of closely related taxa: Support for hotter is not better, but for unexpected reasons
Authors: Montagnes David J. S. , Wang Qing , Lyu Zhao , Shao Chen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTemperature drives performance and therefore adaptation; to interpret and understand these, thermal performance curves (TPC) are used, often through meta‐analyses, revealing trends across divergent taxa. Four discrete hypotheses—thermodynamic‐constraint; biochemical‐adaptation (hotter is not better); specialist‐generalist; thermal‐trade‐off—have arisen to explain cross‐phyletic trends. In contrast, detailed comparisons of closely related taxa are rare, yet trends arising from these should reveal mechanisms of adaptation, as taxa diverge. Here, we combine experimental work with TPC theory to assess if the current hypotheses apply equally to closely related taxa. We established TPC for six species (and two strains of one species) of the animal model Tetrahymena (Ciliophora)—characterized by SSU rDNA/COX1 sequences—by examining specific growth rate (r), size (V), production (P = rV), and metabolic rate (rV−0.25) across 15–20 temperatures. Using parameters derived from the mechanistic “Sharpe and DeMichele” function, we established a framework to test which hypothesis best represented the data. We conclude that superficially the “hotter is not better” hypothesis is best but argue that the mechanistic theory underlying it cannot apply at the genus level: trends are likely to arise from little rather than substantial adaptation. Our further analysis suggests: (1) upward shift in the maximum‐functioning temperature (Tmax) is more constrained than the optimal temperature (Topt), leading to a decreased safety margin (Topt−Tmax) and suggesting that species initially succeed in warmer environments through an increase in Topt, followed by increasing Tmax; and (2) thermal performance traits are correlated with phylogeny for closely related species, suggesting that species gradually adapt to new thermal environments.
Wild trout and hydrologic response to restoration of incised streams with improved water use for ranching and fisheries
Authors: Pierce Ron , Rosgen Dave , Geenen Darcie , Rosgen Brandon 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn the face of climate change and dwindling water supplies, this long‐term monitoring study examines the effectiveness of restoring two incised and degraded streams (Crystal Creek and Black Slough) to benefit livestock ranching and wild trout populations in a spring creek and wetland complex, central Idaho, USA. By raising the incised streambeds and connecting to historical floodplains, the restoration aimed to raise groundwater levels to create subsurface saturation conditions to sustain grazing forage and hay production without flood irrigation; diverted flows from the Big Wood River previously used for flood irrigation were instead routed through the restored systems. The restoration used natural channel design methods to reconstruct 5.2 km of Black Slough and 8.4 km of Crystal Creek to emulate a downstream reference reach (Willow Creek); within the relic incised channels, off‐channel oxbow ponds and wetlands were created while filling other segments. Additionally, screened gravels were placed in the reconstructed channels. We monitored before–after restoration changes in channel morphology, groundwater levels, wetlands, instream flows, spawning substrates and redds, fish populations, and invertebrates for the restored creeks and reference reach over 10+ years. Following restoration, average groundwater levels increased by 0.35 m, mean annual flows at Willow Creek (receiving stream) increased from 0.64 to 1.11 m3/s, and average days per year that baseflows were below 0.28 m3/s decreased from 44.5 to 5.4 despite a decrease in average annual precipitation (16.97 to 11.53 cm). Moreover, residual pool depths increased (<0.18 to >0.90 m), spawning substrate sizes increased (0.1 to 19.0 mm), and egg‐to‐fry trout survival rates increased from <20% to >90%. Six years after restoration, fish diversity increased from three to seven species, matching reference conditions. We also found dramatic increases in Brown Trout and Rainbow Trout redd counts (7 to 161 and 17 to 143, respectively) and relative abundance (0.013 to 1.166 trout/m and 0.029 to 0.222 trout/m, respectively). Invertebrate indices of restoration effectiveness were positive for both restored streams but negative for the reference reach. Overall, this study exemplifies how restoration reduced consumptive water use, created sustainable streams with hydrological connections and ponds and wetlands, and improved trout populations.
Analyses of three‐dimensional species associations reveal departures from neutrality in a tropical forest
Authors: Zambrano Jenny , Arellano Gabriel , Swenson Nathan G. , Staniczenko Phillip P. A. , Thompson Jill , Fagan William F. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe study of community spatial structure is central to understanding diversity patterns over space and species co‐occurrence at local scales. Although most analytical approaches consider horizontal and vertical dimensions separately, in this study we introduce a three‐dimensional spatial analysis that simultaneously includes horizontal and vertical species associations. Using tree census data (2000–2016) and allometries from the Luquillo forest plot in Puerto Rico, we show that spatial organization becomes less random over time as the forest recovered from land‐use legacy effects and hurricane disturbance. Tree species vertical segregation is predominant in the forest with almost all species that co‐occur in the horizontal plane avoiding each other in the vertical dimension. Horizontal segregation is less common than vertical, whereas three‐dimensional aggregation (a proxy for direct tree competition) is the least frequent type of spatial association. Furthermore, dominant species are involved in more non‐random spatial associations, implying that species co‐occurrence is facilitated by species segregation in space. This novel three‐dimensional analysis allowed us to identify and quantify tree species spatial distributions, how interspecific competition was reduced through forest structure, and how it changed over time after disturbance, in ways not detectable from two‐dimensional analyses alone.
Temperature impacts the environmental suitability for malaria transmission by Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles stephensi
Authors: Villena Oswaldo C. , Ryan Sadie J. , Murdock Courtney C. , Johnson Leah R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractExtrinsic environmental factors influence the spatiotemporal dynamics of many organisms, including insects that transmit the pathogens responsible for vector‐borne diseases (VBDs). Temperature is an especially important constraint on the fitness of a wide variety of ectothermic insects. A mechanistic understanding of how temperature impacts traits of ectotherms, and thus the distribution of ectotherms and vector‐borne infections, is key to predicting the consequences of climate change on transmission of VBDs like malaria. However, the response of transmission to temperature and other drivers is complex, as thermal traits of ectotherms are typically nonlinear, and they interact to determine transmission constraints. In this study, we assess and compare the effect of temperature on the transmission of two malaria parasites, Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax, by two malaria vector species, Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles stephensi. We model the nonlinear responses of temperature dependent mosquito and parasite traits (mosquito development rate, bite rate, fecundity, proportion of eggs surviving to adulthood, vector competence, mortality rate, and parasite development rate) and incorporate these traits into a suitability metric based on a model for the basic reproductive number across temperatures. Our model predicts that the optimum temperature for transmission suitability is similar for the four mosquito–parasite combinations assessed in this study, but may differ at the thermal limits. More specifically, we found significant differences in the upper thermal limit between parasites spread by the same mosquito (A. stephensi) and between mosquitoes carrying P. falciparum. In contrast, at the lower thermal limit the significant differences were primarily between the mosquito species that both carried the same pathogen (e.g., A. stephensi and A. gambiae both with P. falciparum). Using prevalence data, we show that the transmission suitability metric calculated from our mechanistic model is consistent with observed P. falciparum prevalence in Africa and Asia but is equivocal for P. vivax prevalence in Asia, and inconsistent with P. vivax prevalence in Africa. We mapped risk to illustrate the number of months various areas in Africa and Asia predicted to be suitable for malaria transmission based on this suitability metric. This mapping provides spatially explicit predictions for suitability and transmission risk.
Microfluidic device integrating single‐cell extraction and electrical lysis for mass spectrometry detection of intracellular compounds
Authors: Václavek Tomáš , Foret František 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAnalysis of cellular composition and metabolism at a single‐cell resolution allows gaining more information about complex relationships of cells within tissues or whole living organisms by resolving the variance stemming from the cellular heterogeneity. Mass spectrometry (MS) is a perfect analytical tool satisfying the demanding requirements of detecting and identifying compounds present in such ultralow‐volume samples of high chemical complexity. However, the method of sampling and sample ionization is crucial in obtaining relevant information. In this work, we present a microfluidic sampling platform that integrates single‐cell extraction from MS‐incompatible media with electrical cell lysis and nanoESI‐MS analysis of human erythrocytes. Hemoglobin alpha and beta chains (300 amol/cell) were successfully identified in mass spectra of single‐erythrocyte lysates.
Evaluation of memantine's efficacy and safety in the treatment of children with autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Elnaiem Walaa , Benmelouka Amira Yasmine , Elgendy Ali Mohamed Naguib , Abdelgalil Mahmoud Shaban , Brimo Alsaman Muhamad Zakaria , Mogheeth Aly , Ali Mahmoud M. , Yousof Shimaa Mohammad 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe United States Food and Drug Administration has approved drugs that address only autism‐related symptoms rather than the underlying impairments. N‐Methyl‐D‐Aspartate receptor antagonists have recently emerged as a promising treatment option for a variety of neurologic and developmental problems, including autism.AimsTo review (systematically), for the first time, the medical literature that explores the safety in and efficacy of memantine in autism.Methods and proceduresA comprehensive electronic search for relevant randomized controlled trials was conducted in four databases. Using RevMan software, we extracted and pooled data as a risk ratio (RR) or normalized mean differences in an inverse variance strategy.ResultsThis systematic review and meta‐analysis includes five trials. There was no difference in enhancing social responsiveness when compared to placebo, though memantine lowered the likelihood of anxiety (RR = 0.25; 95% Confidence interval: [0.07; 0.87], p = 0.03). However, memantine aggravated impulsive behaviors. Additionally, in another trial that compared memantine added to risperidone versus risperidone added to placebo, memantine was found to be effective and safe.ConclusionMemantine showed safety in reducing acute symptoms of anxiety and other symptoms encountered in pediatric patients with autism spectrum disorders. However, memantine does not improve the core symptoms of autism. Nevertheless, further long‐term trials are needed to explore its potential efficacy.
Limitations of imaging screening tests in the detection of incomplete uterine septum or arcuate uterine anomaly
Authors: Yousif Abdelrahman , Moustafa Ahmed S. Z. , Abuzeid Omar M. , Corrado Jeannette M. , Abdullah Ahmed , Abuzeid Mostafa I. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the detection rates of hysterosalpingogram (HSG), transvaginal 2D ultrasound (TV 2D US), transvaginal 3D ultrasound (TV 3D US) in diagnosing of incomplete uterine septum (IUS) and significant arcuate uterine anomaly (AUA).MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included patients with infertility or recurrent pregnancy loss (516) that were found to have IUS (317) or significant AUA (199) on diagnostic hysteroscopy (DHS). We compared the detection rate of the various radiological tests in all patients with documented IUS or AUA on DHS.ResultsThe diagnosis of IUS and AUA was made in 49.7% on HSG, 54.2% on TV 2D US and 69.5% on TV 3D US. When both HSG and TV 2D US or HSG and TV3D US were used, the diagnosis was correct in 67.7% and 82.6% of patients, respectively.ConclusionAlthough HSG, TV 2D US, TV 3D US are useful in the screening for IUS/AUA, none of these imaging tests alone or in combination are accurate enough to rule out the diagnosis of such congenital uterine anomalies. In patients with a history of infertility or RPL and negative radiologic tests, DHS is the only reliable method to rule out IUS or significant AUA.
Phosphatidylcholine (18:0/20:4), a potential biomarker to predict ethionamide‐induced hepatic steatosis in rats
Authors: Muta Kyotaka , Saito Kosuke , Kemmochi Yusuke , Masuyama Taku , Kobayashi Akio , Saito Yoshiro , Sugai Shoichiro 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEthionamide (ETH), a second‐line drug for multidrug‐resistant tuberculosis, is known to cause hepatic steatosis in rats and humans. To investigate predictive biomarkers for ETH‐induced steatosis, we performed lipidomics analysis using plasma and liver samples collected from rats treated orally with ETH at 30 and 100 mg/kg for 14 days. The ETH‐treated rats developed hepatic steatosis with Oil Red O staining‐positive vacuolation in the centrilobular hepatocytes accompanied by increased hepatic contents of triglycerides (TG) and decreased plasma TG and total cholesterol levels. A multivariate analysis for lipid profiles revealed differences in each of the 35 lipid species in the plasma and liver between the control and the ETH‐treated rats. Of those lipids, phosphatidylcholine (PC) (18:0/20:4) decreased dose‐dependently in both the plasma and liver. Moreover, serum TG‐rich very low‐density lipoprotein (VLDL) levels, especially the large particle fraction of VLDL composed of PC containing arachidonic acid (20:4) involved in hepatic secretion of TG, were decreased dose‐dependently. In conclusion, the decreased PC (18:0/20:4) in the liver, possibly leading to suppression of hepatic TG secretion, was considered to be involved in the pathogenesis of the ETH‐induced hepatic steatosis. Therefore, plasma PC (18:0/20:4) levels are proposed as mechanism‐related biomarkers for ETH‐induced hepatic steatosis.
Formononetin attenuates osteoclast differentiation and calcium loss by mediating transcription factor AP‐1 in type I diabetic mice
Authors: Jing Wensen , Feng Lei , Peng Kan , Zhang Weisong , Wang Bo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFormononetin (FMN) has been reported as a prospective antiosteoporotic medication. However, the antiosteoporotic properties of FMN are still unclear in a mouse model with diabetes‐induced osteoporosis. An osteoporotic or osteopenic mouse model with type I diabetes mellitus (T1DM) was established using streptozotocin (40 mg/kg) injection for 5 consecutive days. After 12 weeks with FMN intragastric administration (0.5, 5, 20 mg/kg), the antiosteoporotic activity of FMN was evaluated in T1DM mice. FMN supplementation effectively improves Ca excretion and trabecular bone degeneration and impedes osteoclast differentiation and function to attenuate hyperglycemia‐induced bone deterioration. In addition, FMN inhibited activating protein 1 (AP‐1) and osteoclast‐specific gene expression, Nfatc1, Ctsk, and TRAP. The administration of FMN has a beneficial effect to attenuate hyperglycemia‐induced bone deteriorations, including osteoclastogenesis, trabecular bone, and Ca loss. Our study provided a prospective medication for the treatment of T1DM‐related osteopenia or osteoporosis with FMN.
Renoprotective effect of vinpocetine against ischemia/reperfusion injury: Modulation of NADPH oxidase/Nrf2, IKKβ/NF‐κB p65, and cleaved caspase‐3 expressions
Authors: Azouz Amany A. , Hersi Fatema , Ali Fares E. M. , Hussein Elkelawy Asmaa M. M. , Omar Hany A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIschemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) during kidney transplantation is a serious clinical problem with a high mortality rate and a lack of therapy. Therefore, there is a need to improve the ability of the kidney to tolerate IRI during transplantation. This study aimed to investigate the possible protective effect of vinpocetine; a derivative of vincamine alkaloid; against renal IRI in rats with the elucidation of the involved mechanisms. Vinpocetine (25 mg/kg; i.p.) was administered for 10 successive days before the induction of ischemia by bilateral clamping of both renal pedicles for 45 min followed by 24 h of reperfusion. Blood and renal tissue samples were then collected for biochemical, molecular, and histopathological investigations. Vinpocetine significantly reduced serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels in rats subjected to IRI. It also reduced mRNA expression of NADPH oxidase and renal content of malondialdehyde, while enhanced Nrf2 protein expression and renal content of reduced glutathione. The suppression of the provoked inflammatory response was evident by the downregulation of IKKβ and NF‐κB p65 protein expressions, as well as their downstream inflammatory markers; tumor necrosis factor‐α, interleukin‐6, and myeloperoxidase. In addition, vinpocetine reduced protein expression of the apoptotic executioner cleaved caspase‐3. These nephroprotective effects were confirmed by the improvement in histopathological features. Collectively, the protective effect of vinpocetine against IRI could be attributed to modulation of NADPH oxidase/Nrf2, IKKβ/NF‐κB p65, and cleaved caspase‐3 expressions. Thus, vinpocetine could improve oxidant/antioxidant balance, suppress triggered inflammatory response, and promote renal cell survival after IRI.
Psoralidin, a natural compound from Psoralea corylifolia, induces oxidative damage mediated apoptosis in colon cancer cells
Authors: Sun Chong , Zhao Lin , Wang Xianzhe , Hou Ying , Guo Xiuli , Lu Jin‐Jian , Chen Xiuping 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPsoralidin (PSO) is a natural coumarin isolated from the seeds of Psoralea corylifolia Linn. Previous studies have reported that PSO exerts numerous pharmacological bioactivities including antitumor. The present study aimed to investigate its anticancer effect using colon cancer cells. Cultured HT‐29 and HCT‐116 colon cancer cells were treated with different concentrations of PSO, and the cell viability, the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), the protein expression, and the apoptosis were determined by MTT assay, DCFH2‐DA fluorescence probe, Western blotting, and Annexin V/7‐AAD staining, respectively. The activities of caspase 3/7 were determined by a commercial kit. Our study found that PSO effectively induces apoptotic cell death mediated by caspase 3/7 in HT‐29 and HCT‐116 colon cancer cells. PSO treatment rapidly boosts the ROS generation, which is responsible for the PSO‐triggered DNA damage, mitochondria membrane potential decrease and caspase 3/7 activation, and c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase 1/2 activation. Collectively, these results showed that PSO triggered oxidative damage mediated apoptosis in colon cancer cells.