bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seismic design and assessment for midrise buildings equipped with damped‐outrigger system
Authors: Lin Pao‐Chun , Liu Kuang‐Yen , Yohanes Suryanto 
Published: November 2022

SummaryThe damped‐outrigger system has been proposed to improve the performance of conventional outrigger systems in controlling the structural seismic response by increasing the damping and stiffness. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the effectiveness of using damped‐outrigger systems in midrise buildings and provide engineers with a comparison between conventional structural systems such as moment resisting frame (MRF) and buckling‐restrained braced frame (BRBF) in proposing the most suitable structural system. In this study, the buckling‐restrained brace and viscous damper are adopted as the energy dissipation devices in the damped‐outrigger system. A total of 48 midrise numerical models with various building heights and structural systems are analyzed using nonlinear response history analysis and incremental dynamic analyses. The analysis results show that the midrise buildings equipped with a damped‐outrigger system with either viscous damper or buckling‐restrained brace (BRB) can reach similar and even better seismic performance when compared with the BRBF; it also reduces the structural responses by around 30% for the maximum roof drift and acceleration responses when compared with MRF. The analysis results could provide a reference for structural engineers when selecting suitable lateral force resisting systems for midrise buildings.
High school biology teachers’ integration of computational thinking into data practices to support student investigations
Authors: Peters‐Burton Erin , Rich Peter Jacob , Kitsantas Anastasia , Stehle Stephanie M. , Laclede Laura 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn the United States, the Next Generation Science Standards advocate for the integration of computational thinking (CT) as a science and engineering practice. Additionally, there is agreement among some educational researchers that increasing opportunities for engaging in computational thinking can lend authenticity to classroom activities. This can be done through introducing CT principles, such as algorithms, abstractions, and automations, or through examining the tools used to conduct modern science, emphasizing CT in problem solving. This cross‐case analysis of nine high school biology teachers in the mid‐Atlantic region of the United States documents how they integrated CT into their curricula following a year‐long professional development (PD). The focus of the PD emphasized data practices in the science teachers' lessons, using Weintrop et al.'s definition of data practices. These are: (a) creation (generating data), (b) collection (gathering data), (c) manipulation (cleaning and organizing data), (d) visualization (graphically representing data), and (e) analysis (interpreting data). Additionally, within each data practice, teachers were asked to integrate at least one of five CT practices: (a) decomposition (breaking a complex problem into smaller parts), (b) pattern‐recognition (identifying recurring similarities in data practices), (c) algorithms (the creation and use of formulas to predict an output given a specific input), (d) abstraction (eliminating detail in order to generalize or see the “big picture”), and (e) automation (using computational tools to carry out specific procedures). Although the biology teachers integrated all CT practices across their lessons, they found it easier to integrate decomposition and pattern recognition while finding it more difficult to integrate abstraction, algorithmic thinking, and automation. Implications for designing professional development experiences are discussed.
Standardized Tests and Within‐Group Segregation: The Not‐So‐Optimal ESL Classroom for Long‐Term English Learners
Authors: Uysal Huseyin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractReclassification is a critical threshold when English Learners (ELs) exit specialized language services and access all‐English mainstream classrooms. Despite the mandates of the Every Student Succeeds Act, reclassification rates and time remain a pressing problem. A product of this malfunctioning system has been long‐term ELs (LTELs). This article focuses on the social consequences of language assessment and attends to the stories of three LTELs at a rural high school in the southeastern United States. It examines the impact of ability‐grouping through standardized tests on the social fabric of an English as a Second Language (ESL) classroom. Data come from semi‐structured personal interviews and observations in ESL and content‐area classes. The thematic narrative analysis points to a reclassification system that functions primarily based on test scores. State‐mandated tests silence LTELs by classifying them in the same category with newcomer ELs. This system targets the standardization of their identities by disregarding the diversity within the ELs in terms of instructional needs and social, linguistic, academic, and cultural resources. These tests pose an insuperable social conflict and tension between the LTELs and newcomer ELs. To this end, I claim that state‐mandated tests are hegemonic devices that might cause hierarchies in ESL classrooms and within‐group segregation of ELs. The social consequences of testing need to be investigated in‐depth to revamp the educational landscape for LTELs.
The traditional Chinese medicine Qiangjing tablet prevents blood‐testis barrier injury induced by CdCl2 through the PI3K/Akt/Rictor signaling pathway
Authors: Shen Yifeng , You Yaodong , Zhu Kun , Li Guangsen , Huang Xiaopeng , Chen Diang , Yang Fang , Dong Liang , Li Junjun , Yu Xujun 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveEnvironmental contaminants such as cadmium (Cd) may have a deleterious impact on sperm and reduce male fertility by compromising the blood‐testis barrier (BTB). Hence, the effects of the traditional Chinese medicine Qiangjing tablet (QJP) on sperm quality and BTB alterations induced by Cd in mouse testes were examined.MethodsAdult KM mice challenged with Cd chloride were examined, QJP was administered to mice as an oral drug by gavage, and the experiments lasted 2 weeks. Testicular and epididymal weights, sperm quality, anti‐sperm antibodies (AsAb), hormone levels, and histology were evaluated. Changes in the levels of N‐cadherin, occludin, ZO‐1, claudin‐11, F‐actin, and β‐tubulin and their mRNAs were evaluated. The effects of QJP on the PI3K/Akt/Rictor pathway were evaluated.ResultsCdCl2 decreased reproductive organ weight, sperm quality, and testosterone (T) levels; increased AsAb, follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels; induced structural damage in testicles with BTB disruption; increased BTB permeability; and decreased N‐cadherin, occludin, ZO‐1, claudin‐11, F‐actin, and β‐tubulin expression. After treatment, QJP blocked the effects of Cd on reproductive organ weight, sperm quality, and T; mitigated germinal epithelium compartment alterations; decreased AsAb, FSH, and LH levels; and preserved BTB ultrastructure and function. In addition, QJP induced increases in N‐cadherin, occludin, ZO‐1, claudin‐11, F‐actin, and β‐tubulin levels and the expression of their mRNAs through the PI3K/Akt/Rictor pathway. After the application of JRAB2011, the levels of a specific mTORC2 suppressor, Rictor, and the BTB‐protective effect of QJP were greatly reduced.ConclusionsWe demonstrated the effect of QJP against Cd‐induced damage to the BTB, and the results indicate that QJP may play a significant role in opposing the effects of Cd through the PI3K/Akt/Rictor pathway.
C‐cell differentiation in the wall of an aberrant ultimobranchial sinus in the thyroid gland of an old rat
Authors: Vázquez‐Román Victoria , Fernández‐Santos José M. , Martín‐Lacave Inés 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn mammals, the thyroid gland possesses two types of endocrine cells, follicular cells and C cells, which have different functions but share a similar endodermal origin (although from different regions of the primitive pharynx). Specifically, follicular cells derive from the ventral pharyngeal floor, while C cells derive from the fourth pair of pharyngeal pouches through the ultimobranchial bodies (UBBs). Disruptions to human midline thyroid morphogenesis are relatively frequent and known as thyroid dysgenesis, which is the leading cause of congenital hypothyroidism. In contrast, fourth branchial apparatus anomalies are very rare clinical entities.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to analyze the morphological features and the immunohistochemical pattern of an aberrant ultimobranchial remnant, align with its persistent contribution to the formation of new C cells.MethodsThe thyroid gland of an old rat was serially sectioned and immunostained for the following markers: calcitonin, thyroglobulin, cytokeratins, PCNA, P63, E‐cadherin, beta‐tubulin and CD3.ResultsWe detected a spontaneous congenital defect in the organogenesis of the UBB in an old rat, giving rise to an ‘ultimobranchial sinus’, which was accompanied by thymic tissue and an abscess. The epithelium contained basal/stem cells and contributed to the formation of abundant C cells and scarce follicular cells.ConclusionsThe ultimobranchial sinus is an exceptional finding for representing the first spontaneous abnormality in the development of UBB reported in rats, and the opportunity to observe sustained C‐cell differentiation from stem cells in an old rat. These findings are consistent with a common origin of both C cells and follicular cells from UBB.
Spectromicroscopic determinations of chemical environments of Ni in MoS2‐Ag‐Ni ternary systems
Authors: Talebi Parisa , Rani Ekta , Niu Yuran , Zakharov Alexei , Cao Wei 
Published: November 2022

AbstractUsing heterogeneous photocatalysts for harvesting sunlight and converting it for water remediation and splitting are promising to mitigate the possible crisis of environment and energy. Among various composites, the MoS2‐based heterostructures and Ni‐based systems exhibit unique electronic, optical properties and redox capabilities, enabling their roles as photocatalysts. Herein, the impacts of chemical environments on the Ni electronic structures within the MoS2‐Ag‐Ni ternary systems are studied via X‐ray photoemission electron spectroscopy (X‐PEEM). Ni nanoparticles with two different sizes of 70 and 200 nm were loaded to MoS2 flakes with silver buffers as bridges. Heterostructures with a nominal mol percentage of (MoS2)77Ag3.7Ni19.3 were synthesized through an ultrasound‐assisted wet method. The oxidation states and various interfacial interactions of Ni with MoS2 in MoS2‐Ag‐Ni ternary composite are spectromicroscopically determined, combining the X‐ray absorption spectroscopy near Ni L‐edges and the imaging capability of the X‐PEEM. Results showed that Ni mainly retrains its chemical states of metal and native oxidizations without observable electronic features subjected to bonding with the sulfur from the MoS2 flakes. The charge migration channel set up by the Ag buffer thus contributes to electron–hole migrations that facilitate the photocatalytic performance of the ternary system eventually.
Preparation of ferrocene‐based Schiff base derivatives for the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate
Authors: Liu Jinyi , Yu Haojie , Wang Li , Vatsadze Sergey Z. , Huang Zhikun , Li Xuefei , Ding Lei 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAmmonium perchlorate (AP) is a common oxidizer and accounts for over 60 wt% in composite solid propellants (CSPs). Ferrocene (Fc)‐based compounds have become one of the most widely used burning rate catalysts (BRCs) for AP decomposition due to their outstanding catalytic effect. To improve the anti‐migration ability of Fc‐based compounds during long‐time storage, seven Fc‐based Schiff base derivatives were synthesized. Their molecular structures were characterized by UV‐Vis, FT‐IR,1H NMR,19F NMR, ESI‐MS and EA. Meanwhile, their electrochemical behaviors and catalytic effects for AP decomposition were studied by CV and TG techniques. The results showed that these synthesized compounds had good catalytic effect, obviously reducing the thermal decomposition temperature of AP. Moreover, their anti‐migration properties were also investigated by the aging test of simulated propellant. The results showed that they had better anti‐migration ability than commercial BRCs (catocene,Cat). This study demonstrates that Fc‐based Schiff base compounds are possible BRCs for AP‐based propellant.
Numerical analysis of generalized Fourier's and Fick's laws for micropolar Carreaufluid over a vertical stretching Riga sheet
Authors: Abbas Nadeem , Nadeem Sohail , Sial Ambreen , Shatanawi Wasfi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe present analysis is considered the Micropolar Carreaufluid model over a vertical Riga sheet. Cattaneo–Christov heat flux theory is utilized rather than classical Fourier's law to scrutinize the heat transfer specification. The scheme of developing partial differential equations is turned into ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by employing specific transformations. The numerical scheme is implemented to solve the present model. This article includes the numerical and graphical description of numerous physical parameters on the velocity profile, microrotation, concentration profile, and temperature distribution. The values of skin friction were found to be bigger, but couple stress values were found to be lesser due to boosting values of (buoyancy ratio term). The velocity function gradually improved due to improvement in M (modified Hartmann number). The velocity function gradually improved due to improvement in K (micropolar parameter). The γ (Dimensionless parameter) slowly augmented as well as the velocity function declined. The temperature function curves and γ1 are found to be the same behavior of amassed increasingly.
Introduction
Authors: Kunißen Katharina 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe welfare state is an integral part of western industrialised democracies. While its most obvious function is to provide a safety net for individuals, who are threatened by social risks, it also has far-reaching effects on a multitude of social phenomena, such as the formation of attitudes and behaviours. This introductory chapter illustrates why the welfare state serves as a popular independent variable and sets out the main problems associated with its operationalisation, leading to the research questions of this book.
Higher form symmetries TFT in 6d
Authors: Apruzzi Fabio 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Symmetries and anomalies of a d-dimensional quantum field theory are often encoded in a (d + 1)-dimensional topological action, called symmetry topological field theory (TFT). We derive the symmetry TFT for the 2-form and 1-form symmetries of 6d (1, 0) field theories, focusing on theories with a single tensor multiplet (rank 1). We implement this by coupling the low-energy tensor branch action to the background fields for the higher-form symmetries and by looking at the symmetry transformation rules on dynamical and background fields. These transformation rules also imply a mixing of the higher-form symmetries in a 3-group structure. For some specific and related higher rank cases, we also derive the symmetry TFT from the holographic dual IIA supergravity solutions. The symmetry TFT action contains a coupling between the 2-form symmetry and the 1-form symmetry backgrounds, which leads to a mixed anomaly between the 1-form symmetries of the 5d KK-theory obtained by circle compactification. We confirm this by a pure 5d analysis provided by the 5d effective low-energy Coulomb branch Lagrangian coupled to background fields. We also derive the symmetry TFT for 5d SU(p) supersymmetric gauge theories with Chern-Simons level q and for 5d theories without non-abelian gauge theory description at low-energy. Finally, we discuss the fate of the 2-form and 1-form symmetry of rank 1 6d field theories when coupled to gravity.
Three-loop master integrals for the Higgs boson self-energy with internal top-quarks and W-bosons
Authors: Chaubey Ekta , Hönemann Ina , Weinzierl Stefan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We consider the full set of master integrals with internal top-and W-propagators contributing to the three-loop Higgs self-energy diagrams of order $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(α2αs). We split the master integrals into a system relevant to the Feynman diagrams proportional to the product of Yukawa couplings ybyt and the complement. For both systems we define master integrals of uniform weight, such that the associated differential equation is in ε-factorised form. The occurring square roots are rationalised and all master integrals are expressible in multiple polylogarithms.
Phenomenological implications of the new Littlest Higgs model with T-parity
Authors: Illana José Ignacio , Pérez-Poyatos José María 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We investigate the parameter space of the new Littlest Higgs model with T-parity (NLHT) recently introduced to cure some pathologies of the original LHT. The model requires extra fermion content and additional pseudo-Goldstone bosons. While the heavy top quark sector is similar, there are both T-odd and T-even heavy quarks and leptons with masses proportional to just two sets of Yukawa matrices in flavor space, one more than in the LHT. The new scalars are a singlet and real triplet, T-odd, with masses controlled by gauge and Yukawa couplings, independent of the spontaneous symmetry breaking scale f, and hence potentially light. Imposing that no mass exceeds the cutoff scale, applying current lower bounds on vector-like quarks and assuming a simplified model with mass degenerate heavy fermions compatible with the heavy photon as dark matter constituent, we find that f gets constrained within the interval between 2 and 3 TeV, the common Yukawa coupling of heavy leptons gets fixed and the Yukawa coupling of heavy quarks becomes greatly correlated to the top quark Yukawa couplings. The particle spectrum is then bounded from below and above, with the (lightest) heavy photon at about 0.5 TeV, not far from the heavy leptons, the new scalars below 1 TeV, the usual complex scalar triplet close to the heavy weak bosons at about 1.5 to 2.5 TeV, and the heavy quarks and top quark partners between 2 and 5 TeV. The new scalars decay predominantly to a standard and a T-odd lepton and have a width comparable to that of the Higgs.
Non-perturbative defects in tensor models from melonic trees
Authors: Popov Fedor K. , Wang Yifan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The Klebanov-Tarnopolsky tensor model is a quantum field theory for rank-three tensor scalar fields with certain quartic potential. The theory possesses an unusual large N limit known as the melonic limit that is strongly coupled yet solvable, producing at large distance a rare example of non-perturbative non-supersymmetric conformal field theory that admits analytic solutions. We study the dynamics of defects in the tensor model defined by localized magnetic field couplings on a p-dimensional subspace in the d-dimensional spacetime. While we work with general p and d, the physically interesting cases include line defects in d = 2, 3 and surface defects in d = 3. By identifying a novel large N limit that generalizes the melonic limit in the presence of defects, we prove that the defect one-point function of the scalar field only receives contributions from a subset of the Feynman diagrams in the shape of melonic trees. These diagrams can be resummed using a closed Schwinger-Dyson equation which enables us to determine non-perturbatively this defect one-point function. At large distance, the solutions we find describe nontrivial conformal defects and we discuss their defect renormalization group (RG) flows. In particular, for line defects, we solve the exact RG flow between the trivial and the conformal lines in d = 4 − ϵ. We also compute the exact line defect entropy and verify the g-theorem. Furthermore we analyze the defect two-point function of the scalar field and its decomposition via the operator-product-expansion, providing explicit formulae for one-point functions of bilinear operators and the stress-energy tensor.
Precision early universe cosmology from stochastic gravitational waves
Authors: Brzeminski Dawid , Hook Anson , Marques-Tavares Gustavo 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The causal tail of stochastic gravitational waves can be used to probe the energy density in free streaming relativistic species as well as measure g*(T) and beta functions β(T) as a function of temperature. In the event of the discovery of loud stochastic gravitational waves, we demonstrate that LISA can measure the free streaming fraction of the universe down to the the 10−3 level, 100 times more sensitive than current constraints. Additionally, it would be sensitive to $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(1) deviations of g* and the QCD β function from their Standard Model value at temperatures ~ 105 GeV. In this case, many motivated models such as split SUSY and other solutions to the Electroweak Hierarchy problem would be tested. Future detectors, such as DECIGO, would be 100 times more sensitive than LISA to these effects and be capable of testing other motivated scenarios such as WIMPs and axions. The amazing prospect of using precision gravitational wave measurements to test such well motivated theories provides a benchmark to aim for when developing a precise understanding of the gravitational wave spectrum both experimentally and theoretically.
Poisson gauge models and Seiberg-Witten map
Authors: Kupriyanov V. G. , Kurkov M. A. , Vitale P. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The semiclassical limit of full non-commutative gauge theory is known as Poisson gauge theory. In this work we revise the construction of Poisson gauge theory paying attention to the geometric meaning of the structures involved and advance in the direction of a further development of the proposed formalism, including the derivation of Noether identities and conservation of currents. For any linear non-commutativity, Θab(x) = $$ {f}_c^{ab} $$

f
c
ab

xc, with $$ {f}_c^{ab} $$

f
c
ab

being structure constants of a Lie algebra, an explicit form of the gauge Lagrangian is proposed. In particular a universal solution for the matrix ρ defining the field strength and the covariant derivative is found. The previously known examples of κ-Minkowski, λ-Minkowski and rotationally invariant non-commutativity are recovered from the general formula. The arbitrariness in the construction of Poisson gauge models is addressed in terms of Seiberg-Witten maps, i.e., invertible field redefinitions mapping gauge orbits onto gauge orbits.