bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design and performance investigation of Gaussian apodized FBG as hybrid dispersion compensation module for long-haul optical link
Authors: Gul Baseerat , Ahmad Faroze 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A hybrid dispersion compensation module design, using Gaussian apodized fiber Bragg grating and 11 km long dispersion compensation fiber, is proposed for a 111 km long optical link. The proposed module is examined successively with four different chirping techniques. Further, the design is investigated thoroughly in pre-, post- and symmetrical-compensation modes. The performance characteristics of the optimized links are evaluated orderly by quality-factor (Q-factor) values, Eye-diagram and pulse width reduction percentage (PWRP). To further enhance the Q-factor value, optimal parameters of FBG are determined comprehensively by varying the effective refractive index and grating length values. The results show that the proposed dispersion compensation module using Gaussian apodized fiber Bragg grating works well for the quadratic chirping technique. The Q-factor values attained in pre-, post- and symmetrical-compensation modes are 40.5, 49 and 50, respectively, far higher than the values proposed in the literature to date. Thus the proposed technique is best suited for symmetrical and post-compensation modes. The workability of the proposed system is verified using OptiSystem software.
Bayesian modelling of elite sporting performance with large databases
Authors: Griffin Jim E. , Hinoveanu Laurenţiu C. , Hopker James G. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The availability of large databases of athletic performances offers the opportunity to understand age-related performance progression and to benchmark individual performance against the World’s best. We build a flexible Bayesian model of individual performance progression whilst allowing for confounders, such as atmospheric conditions, and can be fitted using Markov chain Monte Carlo. We show how the model can be used to understand performance progression and the age of peak performance in both individuals and the population. We apply the model to both women and men in 100 m sprinting and weightlifting. In both disciplines, we find that age-related performance is skewed, that the average population performance trajectories of women and men are quite different, and that age of peak performance is substantially different between women and men. We also find that there is substantial variability in individual performance trajectories and the age of peak performance.
The association between bisphenol a exposure and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children: a meta-analysis of observational studies
Authors: Liu Hezuo , Wang Ji 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Introduction
The association between Bisphenol A (BPA) exposure and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been a controversial topic. Objective: To evaluate the connection between BPA exposure and ADHD.

Content
We search Scopus, Web of Science, and Medline databases until August 2022. The meta-analysis was performed by using the software Stata 12.0 to calculate the combined effect value Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI). A total of 8 studies were included in this meta-analysis, including 5,710 children. Using the random effect model, it was found that compared with the lowest level of BPA exposure, the OR (95%CI) value of urine BPA exposure and ADHD in the highest level of BPA exposure was 1.76 (1.13–2.74).

Summary and Outlook
Based on the current meta-analysis results, BPA exposure may be a significant contributing factor to the development of ADHD in children.
Metal-Organic Frameworks as bio- and heterogeneous catalyst supports for biodiesel production
Authors: Rodríguez Mejía Yetzin , Romero Romero Fernando , Basavanag Unnamatla Murali Venkata , Ballesteros Rivas Maria Fernanda , Varela Guerrero Victor 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
As biodiesel (BD)/Fatty Acid Alkyl Esters (FAAE) is derived from vegetable oils and animal fats, it is a cost-effective alternative fuel that could complement diesel. The BD is processed from different catalytic routes of esterification and transesterification through homogeneous (alkaline and acid), heterogeneous and enzymatic catalysis. However, heterogeneous catalysts and biocatalysts play an essential role towards a sustainable alternative to homogeneous catalysts applied in biodiesel production. The main drawback is the supporting material. To overcome this, currently, Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) have gained significant interest as supports for catalysts due to their extremely high surface area and numerous binding sites. This review focuses on the advantages of using various MOFs structures as supports for heterogeneous catalysts and biocatalysts for the eco-friendly biodiesel production process. The characteristics of these materials and their fabrication synthesis are briefly discussed. Moreover, we address in a general way basic items ranging from biodiesel synthesis to applied catalysts, giving great importance to the enzymatic part, mainly to the catalytic mechanism in esterification/transesterification reactions. We provide a summary with recommendations based on the limiting factors.
Progress in LPP: towards an assessment of challenges from critical perspectives
Authors: Grin François 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis paper addresses some of the challenges to mainstream research in the social sciences and humanities (SSH) thrown up by “critical perspectives”, which encompass contributions from postmodern theory as well as recent developments in the range of specialties known as “critical studies”. Since these challenges influence substantial tracts of scholarly discourse about linguistic diversity as well as about social and political responses to this diversity, it is useful to take stock of the corresponding claims and assess their import for language policy and planning (LPP) as a field of inquiry. Based on this examination, I argue that unless one is willing to buy uncritically into the problematic epistemological tenets of critical perspectives, their usefulness remains limited and is confined to heuristic side effects. The latter concern, in the main, a deeper treatment of the tension between language politics and language policy.
Language planning and language policies for sign languages: an emerging civil rights movement
Authors: Reagan Timothy 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFollowing the publication of William Stokoe’sSign Language Structurein 1960, there was a proliferation of linguistic research addressing different aspects of sign languages. The emergence of this research had implications not only for linguistics as an academic discipline, but also for the deaf community itself. One area in which the study of sign languages and the growing activism of deaf communities overlapped in powerful ways was in calls for the official recognition of sign languages – that is, with respect to status planning. In addition to status planning, there have also been clear examples of corpus planning, acquisition planning, and prestige planning with respect to sign languages. Although efforts to engage in language planning for sign languages, and to develop and implement language policies for such languages, share many characteristics with language planning targeting spoken languages, in other ways they are quite distinctive. In this article, an overview of language planning and policy for sign languages is provided, followed by discussions of the linguistic human rights of sign language users and the role of language policies for sign languages in efforts to ensure civil rights for deaf individuals and communities.
Reconstructing multilingualism in the Habsburg state: lessons learnt and implications for historical sociolinguistics
Authors: Newerkla Stefan Michael 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDue to the long history of mutual language contact, Slavic languages have had a considerable influence on German and attitudes towards multilingualism in Austria. With regard to the multilingual setting in the Habsburg state and its repercussions to this day, this article outlines the basic assumptions, the methodological toolkit as well as the main general findings of the special research programme “German in Austria. Variation – Contact – Perception”, especially its task cluster on language contact. The opinion paper concludes with an overview of the methodological lessons learnt and the possible implications for further sociolinguistic research in historical contexts.
„Computer says no“? Konsequenzen der Algorithmisierung von Entscheidungsprozessen
Authors: Kette Sven 
Published: December 2022

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag fragt nach den Konsequenzen der Algorithmisierung von Entscheidungsprozessen. Er geht dabei von der Beobachtung aus, dass in der sozialwissenschaftlichen Debatte um algorithmic decision making die technischen Implikationen von Algorithmen eher überbetont werden, wohingegen die sozialen Verwendungskontexte eher unterbelichtet bleiben. Insofern es sich bei diesen Verwendungskontexten zumeist um Organisationen handelt, plädiert der Beitrag dafür, die Effekte der Algorithmisierung als Effekte des organisationalen Umgangs mit Algorithmen zu begreifen. Gefragt wird daher in beide in Richtungen: Welche Effekte hat die organisationale Situiertheit auf die Algorithmisierung und – umgekehrt – welche Effekte hat die Algorithmisierung auf die organisationale Entscheidungsproduktion? Im Ergebnis zeigt sich, dass und wie Algorithmen zugeschriebene Probleme durch die organisationale Eigenlogik gebrochen werden und sie damit in Teilen entproblematisiert werden und in Teilen eine andere Zuspitzung erfahren.
Datafizierung und Technologiedefizit. Zum Einsatz von Daten und algorithmisch generierten Informationen in der Entscheidungsfindung an Hochschulen
Authors: Graf-Schlattmann Marcel 
Published: December 2022

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag befasst sich mit der Datafizierung, der Generierung und Nutzung von Daten zur Entscheidungsfindung an Hochschulen aus einem organisationalen Blickwinkel. Ausgangspunkt ist die Annahme, dass die organisationalen Bedingungen einen entscheidenden Einfluss auf die digitale Transformation haben und diese nicht organisationsneutral zu verstehen ist. Dies wird in der Forschung rund um digitale Transformationsprozesse jedoch oftmals vernachlässigt. Zu sehen ist dies beispielsweise am Thema einer Datafizierung in Hochschulen, das mit disruptiven Erwartungen verknüpft ist, die jedoch den Einfluss der Organisation zu vernachlässigen scheinen. Vorgeschlagen wird diesbezüglich, das Technologiedefizit in Forschung und Lehre als organisationaler Faktor der Hochschulen in die Beschreibung der Datafizierung einzubeziehen. Das wechselseitige Zusammenwirken von Datafizierung und organisationalen Faktoren wird entlang der Möglichkeiten datenbasierter Analysen unter der Bedingung des Technologiedefizits sowie der Verknüpfung von Daten mit organisationalen Entscheidungsprogrammen in der hochschulischen Entscheidungsarchitektur aufbereitet. Auf dieser Basis entsteht ein organisationssensibles Verständnis der Datafizierung in Hochschulen, das die Bedeutung der Organisation im soziotechnischen digitalen Transformationsprozess hervorhebt.
Neue Grenzziehungen zwischen Formalität und Informalität? Die Auswirkungen der digitalen Transformation auf die Arbeit im Büro
Authors: Roski Melanie 
Published: December 2022

Zusammenfassung
Der Einsatz digitaler Technologien führt in kaufmännisch-verwaltenden Tätigkeiten zu ausgeprägten Formalisierungstendenzen und zu einer Ausdifferenzierung von Tätigkeitsbereichen, die mit unterschiedlichen Handlungsspielräumen für die verschiedenen Beschäftigtengruppen einhergehen. Der vorliegende Beitrag fokussiert die empirisch fundierte Analyse von Formalisierungsprozessen auf der einen Seite und die weiterbestehenden bzw. neu entstehenden Spielräume für informelle Lösungen und Prozesse auf der anderen Seite. Die Grundlage für die Analyse bilden acht Fallstudien in fünf Organisationen. Im Vordergrund standen qualitative Interviews mit Mitarbeiter:innen in der kaufmännisch-verwaltenden Sachbearbeitung und deren Erfahrungen im digitalen Transformationsprozess.
Effect of hydrophilic procedures on carboxyl content and antimicrobial activity of silver-treated nylon 6,6 fabrics
Authors: Yıldız Varan Nilüfer , Çaydamlı Yavuz , Altay Pelin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This paper presents the improvement of the hydrophilicity of nylon fabrics on different knit designs using the Hydrowick NA process with a combination of antimicrobial silver application and characterization of the treated fabrics by FTIR, SEM, XPS and antimicrobial activity tests using the AATCC 100 test method and moisture regain test. Antibacterial nylon fabrics have been developed by incorporating antibacterial agents into the structure of the fibres, for longer durability and effect, rather than just depositing them on the surface. Hydrophilic processes have an impact on the antimicrobial activity, resistance to repeated washing and moisture regain of the nylon fabrics. The nylon fabrics showed higher antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus after the hydrophilic finishing process. It can be seen that there is a correlation between a decrease in bacterial growth and an increase in the concentration of the hydrophilic agent. The results showed that the weft-knitted nylon using the Hydrowick NA process had higher moisture regain at the same surface weight per unit of textile. Analysis of variance with p < 0.05 showed that the results were statistically significant. The 1 × 1 rib double jersey weft-knitted nylon fabrics showed the highest antimicrobial performance. It was also observed that the surface area of the fabric was also decisive for the antimicrobial activity.
Measurement of thermodynamic properties, including volumetric, sonic, and viscometrical properties, of aqueous solutions containing polyethylene glycol and erythromycin at 293.15, 303.15, and 313.15 K
Authors: Arjmandi Sama , Pazuki Gholamreza , Hadidi Naghmeh 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In this study, the interactions in aqueous binary and ternary systems containing polyethylene glycol (6000) and erythromycin at different temperatures were investigated to utilize this information in the aqueous two-phase method for different purposes, including separation and purification. Through experimental methods, density, sound velocity, and viscosity at 293.15, 303.15, and 313.15 K were measured in aqueous solutions, including erythromycin and polyethylene glycol. From the experimental density data, apparent molar volume (ϕ
V), limiting apparent molar volume (ϕ
V
0) and transfer molar volume (

∆

t
r

ϕ
V
0

)

${{\increment}}_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{r}}{\phi }_{\mathrm{V}}^{0})$

have been calculated. Also, the experimental sound velocity data determined apparent molar isentropic compressibility (ϕ
k), limiting apparent molar isentropic compressibility (ϕ
k
0) and transfer isentropic compressibility (

∆

tr

ϕ
k
0

)

${{\increment}}_{\mathrm{tr}}{\phi }_{\mathrm{k}}^{0})$

values of polyethylene glycol (6000) from water to erythromycin solutions. Furthermore, experimental viscosity data and the Jones–Dole equation determined viscosity β
′-coefficient and transfer viscosity β
′-coefficient (

∆

t
r

β
′

)

${{\increment}}_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{r}}{\beta }^{\prime })$

values. The obtained results investigated the polymer effect as kosmotropic or chaotropic on erythromycin drug and the interaction between polyethylene glycol and erythromycin (solute-solute interactions). The results show that the interaction between drug and polymer is more desirable in the high-concentration polymer. Finally, results indicate that polyethylene glycol (6000) has played a kosmotropic role in aqueous solutions of erythromycin.
Organization of Clinician-Rated Personality Disorder Types According to ICD-11 Severity of Personality Dysfunction
Authors: Simon Jonatan , Bach Bo 
Published: December 2022

Objective: The International Classification of Diseases, 11th edition (ICD-11) model of personality disorders (PD) allows clinicians to classify personality dysfunction according to four levels of severity. This approach is partially inspired by Kernberg's levels of personality organization, in which various PD types are organized according to their level of severity. This study sought to investigate whether the established ICD-10 PD categories can be organized according to the four levels of ICD-11 PD severity, and to what extent this organization aligns with Kernberg's four levels of personality organization. Method: A sample of 247 patients were rated by their mental health professionals according to ICD-10 PD categories and ICD-11 PD severity levels. Results: The frequencies of ICD-10 PDs on the different ICD-11 PD severity levels were generally found to be consistent with Kernberg's model. Accordingly, borderline and antisocial PDs predominantly occurred at the most severe levels, whereas anankastic, avoidant, and dependent PDs typically occurred at the milder levels. Only paranoid and histrionic PDs were less consistent with Kernberg's model. Conclusions: The findings indicate that the new ICD-11 PD severity dimension largely aligns with Kernberg's model of personality functioning with respect to the organization of PD types. Clinicians may therefore conceptualize familiar PD types in terms of their ICD-11 PD severity and vice versa.
Histamine Release in the Prefrontal Cortex Excites Fast-Spiking Interneurons while GABA Released from the Same Axons Inhibits Pyramidal Cells
Authors: Lucaci Diana , Yu Xiao , Chadderton Paul , Wisden William , Brickley Stephen G. 
Published: December 2022

We studied how histamine and GABA release from axons originating from the hypothalamic tuberomammillary nucleus (TMN) and projecting to the prefrontal cortex (PFC) influence circuit processing. We optostimulated histamine/GABA from genetically defined TMN axons that express the histidine decarboxylase gene (TMNHDCaxons). Whole-cell recordings from PFC neurons in layer 2/3 of prelimbic, anterior cingulate, and infralimbic regions were used to monitor excitability before and after optostimulated histamine/GABA release in male and female mice. We found that histamine-GABA release influences the PFC through actions on distinct neuronal types: the histamine stimulates fast-spiking interneurons; and the released GABA enhances tonic (extrasynaptic) inhibition on pyramidal cells (PyrNs). For fast-spiking nonaccommodating interneurons, histamine released from TMNHDCaxons induced additive gain changes, which were blocked by histamine H1 and H2 receptor antagonists. The excitability of other fast-spiking interneurons in the PFC was not altered. In contrast, the GABA released from TMNHDCaxons predominantly produced divisive gain changes in PyrNs, increasing their resting input conductance, and decreasing the slope of the input–output relationship. This inhibitory effect on PyrNs was not blocked by histamine receptor antagonists but was blocked by GABAAreceptor antagonists. Across the adult life span (from 3 to 18 months of age), the GABA released from TMNHDCaxons in the PFC inhibited PyrN excitability significantly more in older mice. For individuals who maintain cognitive performance into later life, the increases in TMNHDCGABA modulation of PyrNs during aging could enhance information processing and be an adaptive mechanism to buttress cognition.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe hypothalamus controls arousal state by releasing chemical neurotransmitters throughout the brain to modulate neuronal excitability. Evidence is emerging that the release of multiple types of neurotransmitters may have opposing actions on neuronal populations in key cortical regions. This study demonstrates for the first time that the neurotransmitters histamine and GABA are released in the prefrontal cortex from axons originating from the tuberomammillary nucleus of the hypothalamus. This work demonstrates how hypothalamic modulation of neuronal excitability is maintained throughout adult life, highlighting an unexpected aspect of the aging process that may help maintain cognitive abilities.
Hippocampal Theta and Episodic Memory
Authors: Rudoler Joseph H. , Herweg Nora A. , Kahana Michael J. 
Published: December 2022

Computational models of rodent physiology implicate hippocampal theta as a key modulator of learning and memory (Buzsáki and Moser, 2013; Lisman and Jensen, 2013), yet human hippocampal recordings have shown divergent theta correlates of memory formation. Herweg et al. (2020) suggest that decreases in memory-related broadband power mask narrowband theta increases. Their survey also notes that the theta oscillations appear most prominently in contrasts that isolate memory retrieval processes and when aggregating signals across large brain regions. We evaluate these hypotheses by analyzing human hippocampal recordings captured as 162 neurosurgical patients (n= 86 female) performed a free recall task. Using the Irregular-Resampling Auto-Spectral Analysis (IRASA) to separate broad and narrowband components of the field potential, we show that (1) broadband and narrowband components of theta exhibit opposite effects, with broadband signals decreasing and narrowband theta increasing during successful encoding; (2) whereas low-frequency theta oscillations increase before successful recall, higher-frequency theta and alpha oscillations decrease, masking the positive effect of theta when aggregating across the full band; and (3) the effects of theta on memory encoding and retrieval do not differ between reference schemes that accentuate local signals (bipolar) and those that aggregate signals globally (whole-brain average). In line with computational models that ascribe a fundamental role for hippocampal theta in memory, our large-scale study of human hippocampal recordings shows that 3–4 Hz theta oscillations reliably increase during successful memory encoding and before spontaneous recall of previously studied items.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAnalyzing recordings from 162 participants, we resolve a long-standing question regarding the role of hippocampal theta oscillations in the formation and retrieval of episodic memories. We show that broadband spectral changes confound estimates of narrowband theta activity, thereby accounting for inconsistent results in the literature. After accounting for broadband effects, we find that increased theta activity marks successful encoding and retrieval of episodic memories, supporting rodent models that ascribe a key role for hippocampal theta in memory function.