bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychometric Properties of Disaster Preparedness Tools in Nurses: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Kalanlar Bilge 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroduction:There is no widely-recommended standardized and valid measurement tool for evaluating the disaster preparedness of nurses. This study aims to assess the psychometric properties of scales developed or adapted to evaluate the sudden-impact natural disaster preparedness of nurses.Methods:This study is a systematic literature review for the psychometric properties of disaster preparedness tools. Studies published from 2010 through June 2021 were identified from a systematic search of five databases, including Web of Science, PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, and ProQuest. The Consensus-Based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) checklist was used for the systematic review and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline for reporting. The World Health Organization’s (WHO) report on the Development of a Disaster Preparedness Tool Kit for Nursing and Midwifery was used to evaluate scale contents.Results:Six articles were identified that met the inclusion criteria. The scales generally had a multi-dimensional structure and used Likert scoring with internal consistency coefficients ranging from 0.785 to 0.97. All scales were rated sufficient in content validity, structural validity, and cross-cultural validity. One scale was rated sufficient in criterion validity while the others were rated indeterminate. One scale was rated insufficient in reliability and internal consistency while the others were rated sufficient.Conclusion:The findings suggest improving the psychometric properties of scales of nurses’ disaster preparedness according to COSMIN, expanding their content scope, and developing new scales. The study will provide beneficial data to users and researchers regarding the need for a comprehensive assessment tool in determining the disaster preparedness of nurses.
The fragility of trust between patients and oncologists: A multiple case study
Authors: Fracheboud Thomas , Stiefel Friedrich , Bourquin Céline 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to explore in a naturalistic, real-life setting the dynamics of trust in oncological consultations.MethodsCases to study were purposively selected from a data set of audio-recorded and transcribed consultations between oncology physicians and patients with advanced cancer, and analyzed qualitatively. The analytical approach was deductive, relying on a thematic framework of dimensions of trust, and inductive, not restricted by this framework.ResultsThe multiple case study approach allowed to identify factors, which play a role in the dynamics of trust. These factors are the number of treating physicians and how they communicate, continuity of care and the capital of trust, the hierarchical position of the physician and the physician's self-trust, and the patient's personality.Significance of resultsThe findings illustrate the importance to contextualize trust in the flow of oncological consultations and to conceive it comprehensively for each singular encounter between patients and clinicians.
Geodynamic and Isotopic Constraints on the Genesis of Kimberlites, Lamproites and Related Magmas From the Finnish Segment of the Karelian Craton
Authors: Dalton Hayden , Giuliani Andrea , Hergt Janet , Phillips David , O’Brien Hugh , Ballmer Maxim D. , Maas Roland , Woodhead Jon 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDespite the scientific and economic significance of kimberlites and related magmas, their origin is unclear. Here, we address this issue using whole‐rock and perovskite‐derived Sr‐Nd‐Hf isotopes for the three occurrences of kimberlite, lamproites and ultramafic lamprophyres (UMLs) in Finland. Mesoproterozoic olivine lamproites at Lentiira‐Kuhmo and UMLs at Kuusamo have different isotopic signatures yet were emplaced contemporaneously at 1,200 Ma in response to an extensional regime linked to the Baltica‐Laurentia breakup. The low εNd(i) and εHf(i) values of the olivine lamproites are consistent with an enriched subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) source while UML compositions are intermediate between those of typical kimberlites and lamproites and are interpreted to reflect mixing of asthenospheric melts and ∼10%–15% of melts sourced from metasomatized SCLM. The ∼750 Ma Kuusamo kimberlites, are probably linked to the mantle plume activity that initiated Rodinia's break‐up, exhibiting homogenous isotopic compositions which mirror the prominent Geodynamic and Source Constraints for ∼1,200 Ma Olivine Lamproite and Ultramafic Lamprophyre Magmatism in Eastern Finland (PREMA)‐like signature of kimberlites globally. By contrast, ∼620–585 Ma Kaavi‐Kuopio kimberlites show limited range in εNd(i) and 87Sr/86Sr(i) but have remarkably heterogeneous εHf(i) (+6.5 to −6.3) with a temporal trend toward lower εHf(i) values. While the Kuusamo kimberlites erupted during the early stage of continental break‐up, the Kaavi‐Kuopio kimberlites were emplaced when Rodinia break‐up was completed, coeval with formation of the Central Iapetus large igneous province. Magmas forming the Kaavi‐Kupio kimberlites may have formed from an upwelling mantle source similar to PREMA modified by increasing incorporation (up to 10%) of recycled crustal material through time accounting for the trend toward lower εHf(i) in these kimberlites.
Implications of 3D Forest Stand Reconstruction Methods for Radiative Transfer Modeling: A Case Study in the Temperate Deciduous Forest
Authors: Liu C. , Calders K. , Meunier F. , Gastellu‐Etchegorry J. P. , Nightingale J. , Disney M. , Origo N. , Woodgate W. , Verbeeck H. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study investigated the implications of different assumptions of 3D forest stand reconstructions for the accuracy and efficiency of radiative transfer (RT) modeling based on two highly detailed 3D stand representations: 3D‐explicit and voxel‐based. The discrete anisotropic radiative transfer (DART) model was used for RT simulations. The 3D‐explicit and voxel‐based 3D forest scenes were used as structural inputs for the DART model, respectively. Using the 3D‐explicit RT simulation as the benchmark, the accuracy and efficiency of the voxel‐based RT simulation were evaluated under multiple simulation conditions. The results showed that for voxel‐based RT simulations: with voxel sizes 0.1, 1, and 10 m and in blue, green, red, and near‐infrared wavebands, the normalized deviations of simulated directional reflectance exceeded the 5% tolerance limit in 89% viewing directions; with voxel sizes 0.2, 1, and 10 m, the normalized deviations of simulated spectral albedo exceeded the 5% tolerance limit in 90.5% wavelengths; for simulated spectral albedo in blue, green, red, and near‐infrared wavebands and fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation, the normalized deviations exceeded the 5% tolerance limit in 65.3% voxel sizes and spatial resolutions. The two major causes for differences in the 3D‐explicit versus voxel‐based RT simulations were: (a) the difference between light interaction in spatially explicit objects and in turbid medium, and (b) the structural difference of 3D contours between voxel‐based and 3D‐explicit models. However, voxel‐based RT simulations were substantially more computationally efficient than 3D‐explicit RT simulations in large voxel sizes (≥1 m) and coarse spatial resolutions (≥1 m).
Representing Irrigation Processes in the Land Surface‐Hydrological Model and a Case Study in the Yangtze River Basin, China
Authors: Xia Qian , Liu Pan , Fan Yangzhen , Cheng Lei , An Rihui , Xie Kang , Zhou Liting 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIrrigation is the dominant section of human water use, exerting essential impacts on hydrological processes and water resources. To more realistically simulate irrigation processes in water‐rich regions, an irrigation scheme is incorporated into a land surface‐hydrological model. It calculates the irrigation water requirement according to meteorological conditions, cropping area and growing stage, and root‐zone soil moisture, and determines the irrigation water withdrawal based on the available water resources as well as describing water extraction and irrigation processes in the model. The coupled model is applied to the Yangtze River Basin (YRB) in China, and verified using the observed daily river discharge from 1987 to 1990, evapotranspiration and irrigation amounts from 1999 to 2003. The results first show that the model can well reproduce hydrological processes within the basin, and the simulated irrigation largely agrees with the observation, in terms of annual irrigation and its spatial pattern. Second, inclusion of irrigation processes allows the model to better estimate evapotranspiration, with relative biases decreased from about −10% to −3%. It is also found that in comparison to arid/semi‐arid areas, although presenting a less effect on river discharge and groundwater, the irrigation in the YRB significantly alters hydrological processes through water redistribution. The irrigation‐induced evapotranspiration increment and runoff decrease indicate a shift in the surface water and energy balance, implying a potential effect on the atmosphere. Therefore, representing irrigation processes properly is important, particularly for understanding the coupling effect of the nature‐human system and improving the hydrological prediction accuracy.
Multi‐Manifold Based Sparse Representation With Application to SAR Target Configuration Recognition
Authors: Liu M. , Chen S. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA multi‐manifold based sparse representation (MMSR) algorithm which can preserve the local structure of the datasets in the reconstruction space with multiple descriptions is proposed for synthetic aperture radar (SAR) target configuration recognition. Different from the traditional manifold learning‐based algorithms that preserve the local structure of the datasets in the low‐dimensional space, the proposed MMSR guarantees local structure preserving of the datasets after feature extraction and sparse representation. The proposed MMSR can avoid corrupted relationships of the samples to ease the obstacle of target aspect angle sensitivity, which can realize more accurate SAR target configuration recognition. Satisfying results are obtained on the moving and stationary target acquisition and recognition database.
Therapeutic use of α2-antiplasmin as an antifibrinolytic and hemostatic agent in surgery and regenerative medicine
Authors: Liu Jialu , Solanki Ani , White Michael J. V. , Hubbell Jeffrey A. , Briquez Priscilla S. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe biomaterial fibrin is widely used as a clinical tissue sealant in surgery. In preclinical research, fibrin is also extensively studied as a carrier material for growth factor delivery. In these applications, premature fibrin degradation leads to recurrent bleeding, tissue dehiscence and limited regenerative efficacy. Therefore, fibrinolysis inhibitors have been added to clinical fibrin formulations, for example the bovine-derived serine protease inhibitor aprotinin. Aprotinin is additionally used as a hemostatic agent to prevent excessive bleeding during surgery, in this case protecting endogenous fibrin clots. Nevertheless, aprotinin use has been associated with serious safety issues. Here, we explore the use the human physiological fibrinolysis inhibitor α2-antiplasmin (α2PI) as a substitute for aprotinin. We evaluate the efficacy of α2PI in the three main applications of aprotinin. We first showed that recombinant α2PI can successfully prolong the durability of fibrin biomaterials as compared to aprotinin in a model of subcutaneous implantation in mice mimicking application as a tissue sealant. We then used α2PI to enhance the delivery of engineered vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB in fibrin in promoting diabetic wound healing, which lead to improved wound closure, granulation tissue formation and angiogenesis. Lastly, we demonstrated that α2PI can be as effective as aprotinin as an intravenous hemostatic agent to prevent blood loss, using a tail-vein bleeding model in mice. Therefore, we believe that engineering fibrin biomaterials or endogenous fibrin with α2PI can have a strong impact in surgery and regenerative medicine by providing a competitive substitute to aprotinin that is of human origin.
Surface-to-space atmospheric waves from Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha’apai eruption
Authors: Wright Corwin J. , Hindley Neil P. , Alexander M. Joan , Barlow Mathew , Hoffmann Lars , Mitchell Cathryn N. , Prata Fred , Bouillon Marie , Carstens Justin , Clerbaux Cathy , Osprey Scott M. , Powell Nick , Randall Cora E. , Yue Jia 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe January 2022 Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha’apai eruption was one of the most explosive volcanic events of the modern era1,2, producing a vertical plume that peaked more than 50 km above the Earth3. The initial explosion and subsequent plume triggered atmospheric waves that propagated around the world multiple times4. A global-scale wave response of this magnitude from a single source has not previously been observed. Here we show the details of this response, using a comprehensive set of satellite and ground-based observations to quantify it from surface to ionosphere. A broad spectrum of waves was triggered by the initial explosion, including Lamb waves5,6 propagating at phase speeds of 318.2 ± 6 m s−1 at surface level and between 308 ± 5 to 319 ± 4 m s−1 in the stratosphere, and gravity waves7 propagating at 238 ± 3 to 269 ± 3 m s−1 in the stratosphere. Gravity waves at sub-ionospheric heights have not previously been observed propagating at this speed or over the whole Earth from a single source8,9. Latent heat release from the plume remained the most significant individual gravity wave source worldwide for more than 12 h, producing circular wavefronts visible across the Pacific basin in satellite observations. A single source dominating such a large region is also unique in the observational record. The Hunga Tonga eruption represents a key natural experiment in how the atmosphere responds to a sudden point-source-driven state change, which will be of use for improving weather and climate models.
Mechanisms of membrane protein crystallization in ‘bicelles’
Authors: Murugova Tatiana N. , Ivankov Oleksandr I. , Ryzhykau Yury L. , Soloviov Dmytro V. , Kovalev Kirill V. , Skachkova Daria V. , Round Adam , Baeken Christian , Ishchenko Andrii V. , Volkov Oleksandr A. , Rogachev Andrey V. , Vlasov Alexey V. , Kuklin Alexander I. , Gordeliy Valentin I. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDespite remarkable progress, mainly due to the development of LCP and ‘bicelle’ crystallization, lack of structural information remains a bottleneck in membrane protein (MP) research. A major reason is the absence of complete understanding of the mechanism of crystallization. Here we present small-angle scattering studies of the evolution of the “bicelle” crystallization matrix in the course of MP crystal growth. Initially, the matrix corresponds to liquid-like bicelle state. However, after adding the precipitant, the crystallization matrix transforms to jelly-like state. The data suggest that this final phase is composed of interconnected ribbon-like bilayers, where crystals grow. A small amount of multilamellar phase appears, and its volume increases concomitantly with the volume of growing crystals. We suggest that the lamellar phase surrounds the crystals and is critical for crystal growth, which is also common for LCP crystallization. The study discloses mechanisms of “bicelle” MP crystallization and will support rational design of crystallization.
Preparation and characterization analysis of biofuel derived through seed extracts of Ricinus communis (castor oil plant)
Authors: Abel Saka , Jule Leta Tesfaye , Gudata Lamessa , Nagaraj Nagaprasad , Shanmugam R. , Dwarampudi L. Priyanka , Stalin B. , Ramaswamy Krishnaraj 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe current study assesses the prospect of using R. Communis seed oil as a substitute fuel for diesel engines. Biodiesel is prepared from the R. Communis plant seed oil by a single-step base catalytic transesterification procedure. The investigation deals with the Physico-chemical characteristics of R. Communis biodiesel and has been associated with the base diesel. It has been perceived that the characteristics of biodiesel are well-matched with the base diesel under the ASTM D6751 limits correspondingly. R. Communis biodiesel is blended in different proportions with base diesel such as D10, D20, D30, D40, D50 and D100 and is tested in a Kirloskar TV1 single-cylinder, 4 blows DI engine under altered loading conditions. Outcomes demonstrate that BTE and BSFC for D10 as well as D20 are similar to base diesel. BSFC indicates that the precise BSFC of base diesel, D10, D20, D30, D40 and D50 was 0.87, 1.70, 2.60, 3.0, 3.4, and 3.5 kg/kW-hr, respectively. The extreme BTE at full load condition for base diesel, D10, D20, D30, D40, D50 and D100 are 28.2%, 28.1%, 27.9%, 25.5%, 24.1%, and 23.6% , respectively. In the case of engine emissions, R. Communis biodiesel blends provided an average decrease in hydrocarbon (HC), Carbon-monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) associated with base diesel. Nevertheless, R. Communis biodiesel blends discharged high stages of nitrogen oxide (NOx) compares to base diesel. Base diesel, D10, D20, D30, D40, D50, and D100 had UBHC emissions of 45 ppm, 40 ppm, 44 ppm, 46 ppm, 41 ppm, and 43 ppm, respectively. The reduction in CO emissions for D10, D20, D30, D40, D50 and D100 are 0.13%, 0.14%, 0.17%, 0.18% and 0.21% respectively. The dissimilarity in NOx attentiveness within brake powers for D10, D20, D30, D40, and D50 and base diesel are 50-ppm, 100 ppm, 150 ppm, 250 ppm, 350 ppm, and 500 ppm, respectively. The dissimilarity of CO2 emanation with reverence to break powers for the base-diesel, D10, D20, D30, D40, D50, and D100 are 4.8%, 4.9%, 4.8%, 4.56%, 4.9% and 5.1%, respectively. The present research provides a way for renewable petrol blends to substitute diesel for powering diesel engines in that way dropping the reliance on fossil fuels.
Dynamic ensemble prediction of cognitive performance in spaceflight
Authors: Tu Danni , Basner Mathias , Smith Michael G. , Williams E. Spencer , Ryder Valerie E. , Romoser Amelia A. , Ecker Adrian , Aeschbach Daniel , Stahn Alexander C. , Jones Christopher W. , Howard Kia , Kaizi-Lutu Marc , Dinges David F. , Shou Haochang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDuring spaceflight, astronauts face a unique set of stressors, including microgravity, isolation, and confinement, as well as environmental and operational hazards. These factors can negatively impact sleep, alertness, and neurobehavioral performance, all of which are critical to mission success. In this paper, we predict neurobehavioral performance over the course of a 6-month mission aboard the International Space Station (ISS), using ISS environmental data as well as self-reported and cognitive data collected longitudinally from 24 astronauts. Neurobehavioral performance was repeatedly assessed via a 3-min Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT-B) that is highly sensitive to the effects of sleep deprivation. To relate PVT-B performance to time-varying and discordantly-measured environmental, operational, and psychological covariates, we propose an ensemble prediction model comprising of linear mixed effects, random forest, and functional concurrent models. An extensive cross-validation procedure reveals that this ensemble outperforms any one of its components alone. We also identify the most important predictors of PVT-B performance, which include an individual's previous PVT-B performance, reported fatigue and stress, and temperature and radiation dose. This method is broadly applicable to settings where the main goal is accurate, individualized prediction of human behavior involving a mixture of person-level traits and irregularly measured time series.
Elevated temperature and carbon dioxide levels alter growth rates and shell composition in the fluted giant clam, Tridacna squamosa
Authors: Armstrong Eric J. , Watson Sue-Ann , Stillman Jonathon H. , Calosi Piero 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGiant clams produce massive calcified shells with important biological (e.g., defensive) and ecological (e.g., habitat-forming) properties. Whereas elevated seawater temperature is known to alter giant clam shell structure, no study has examined the effects of a simultaneous increase in seawater temperature and partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) on shell mineralogical composition in these species. We investigated the effects of 60-days exposure to end-of-the-century projections for seawater temperature (+ 3 °C) and pCO2 (+ 500 µatm) on growth, mineralogy, and organic content of shells and scutes in juvenile Tridacna squamosa giant clams. Elevated temperature had no effect on growth rates or organic content, but did increase shell [24Mg]/[40Ca] as well as [40Ca] in newly-formed scutes. Elevated pCO2 increased shell growth and whole animal mass gain. In addition, we report the first evidence of an effect of elevated pCO2 on element/Ca ratios in giant clam shells, with significantly increased [137Ba]/[40Ca] in newly-formed shells. Simultaneous exposure to both drivers greatly increased inter-individual variation in mineral concentrations and resulted in reduced shell N-content which may signal the onset of physiological stress. Overall, our results indicate a greater influence of pCO2 on shell mineralogy in giant clams than previously recognized.
Occlusion of dopamine-dependent synaptic plasticity in the prefrontal cortex mediates the expression of depressive-like behavior and is modulated by ketamine
Authors: Lamanna Jacopo , Isotti Francesco , Ferro Mattia , Spadini Sara , Racchetti Gabriella , Musazzi Laura , Malgaroli Antonio 
Published: June 2022

AbstractUnpredictable chronic mild stress (CMS) is among the most popular protocols used to induce depressive-like behaviors such as anhedonia in rats. Differences in CMS protocols often result in variable degree of vulnerability, and the mechanisms behind stress resilience are of great interest in neuroscience due to their involvement in the development of psychiatric disorders, including major depressive disorder. Expression of depressive-like behaviors is likely driven by long-term alterations in the corticolimbic system and by downregulation of dopamine (DA) signaling. Although we have a deep knowledge about the dynamics of tonic and phasic DA release in encoding incentive salience and in response to acute/chronic stress, its modulatory action on cortical synaptic plasticity and the following implications on animal behavior remain elusive. Here, we show that the expression of DA-dependent synaptic plasticity in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is occluded in rats vulnerable to CMS, likely reflecting differential expression of AMPA receptors. Interestingly, such difference is not observed when rats are acutely treated with sub-anesthetic ketamine, possibly through the recruitment of dopaminergic nuclei such as the ventral tegmental area. In addition, by applying the synaptic activity sensor SynaptoZip in vivo, we found that chronic stress unbalances the synaptic drive from the infralimbic and prelimbic subregions of the mPFC toward the basolateral amygdala, and that this effect is counteracted by ketamine. Our results provide novel insights into the neurophysiological mechanisms behind the expression of vulnerability to stress, as well as behind the antidepressant action of ketamine.