bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Efficient Enantioselective Total Synthesis of Atorvastatin ­Calcium
Authors: Shree Anireddy Jaya , Vempala Naresh , Narra Srikanth Reddy , Dasgupta Somnath 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA concise and efficient asymmetric synthesis of tert-butyl [(4R,6R)-6-(2-aminoethyl)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxan-4-yl]acetate is presented. This key chiral-chain precursor of atorvastatin was synthesized from a commercially available inexpensive starting material, and was converted into atorvastatin calcium. The synthesis has the potential for scale up, and could be used to produce atorvastatin calcium on an industrial scale.
Epidemiological and Clinical Presentation of Retinoblastoma among Nepalese Children in 2019
Authors: Limbu Ben , Kafle Prerna Arjyal , Lamichanne Diwa Hamal , Pant Suresh Raj , Shakya Samyek , Rasaily Suresh B.K. 
Published: November 2022

Objectives Retinoblastoma (RB) is rare but potentially fatal if left untreated. This study aimed to evaluate the epidemiological profile, clinical manifestation, classification, and affordability of RB treatment among Nepalese children in the year 2019.
Materials and Method A multicentric, multiethnic hospital-based cross-sectional study after ethical approval from the National Health Research Council was conducted from January 2019 to December 2019 by incorporating ophthalmologists all over the nation. Twenty-seven RB centers were selected. All the RB presented in the RB centers either newly diagnosed or ongoing treatment consented to the study were included and failed to consent for the study, RB survivors were excluded from the study. Data based on demographic profile, clinical manifestation, ethnical and geographical distribution, and treatment received were collected in the customized Google Form. Each case was classified at the time of diagnosis as per the International Classification of Retinoblastoma groups and different treatment modalities offered as per grouping and staging. The affordability of treatment was calculated using a catastrophic approach.
Statistical Analysis Data were entered into Microsoft Excel 2010 and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20.
Result A total of 34 RB cases, 21 (61.76%) in ongoing treatment group and 13 (38.2%) in newly diagnosed group presented in the RB centers. Out of total, 32 (64.7%) had unilateral and 12 (35.3%) cases had bilateral involvement. The majority of patients was from Province 1 (35.3%) and belonged to the upper caste (38.2%). Leukocoria was the most common presentation (73.9%) followed by proptosis, red eye, and phthisis bulbi. More than 75% patients presented at advanced group D (54%) and E (21%) and stage 0 (90%). More than 90% of patients received systemic chemotherapy, and 42.6% received transpupillary thermotherapy. The average cost of RB treatment was estimated to be 521% of the nonfood expense of the family which is unaffordable to almost all cases (100%).
Conclusion Leukocoria is the most common mode of clinical presentation in both unilateral and bilateral RBs. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are key to success for saving life, sight, and eye. However, community awareness programs against RB, active referral networks, and the establishment of chemotherapy centers with trained human resources are needed to reduce loss of life, sight, and eye.
Scintillation decay-time constants for alpha particles and electrons in liquid xenon
Authors: Cichon Dominick , Eurin Guillaume , Jörg Florian , Marrodán Undagoitia Teresa , Rupp Natascha 
Published: November 2022

Understanding liquid xenon scintillation and ionization processes is of great interest to improve analysis methods in current and future detectors. In this paper, we investigate the dynamics of the scintillation process for excitation by O(10 keV) electrons from a 83mKr source and O(6 MeV) α-particles from a 222Rn source, both mixed with the xenon target. The single photon sampling method is used to record photon arrival times in order to obtain the corresponding time distributions for different applied electric fields between about 0.8 V cm−1 to 1.2 kV cm−1. Energy and field dependencies of the signals, which are observed in the results, are discussed.
Marine surf to freshwater: a molecular phylogeny of Donacidae (Bivalvia: Heterodonta)
Authors: Moncada Elena , Lord Arianna , Simone Luiz Ricardo L. , Adjei-Boateng Daniel , Bouchet Philippe , Strong Ellen E. , Bieler Rüdiger , Giribet Gonzalo 
Published: November 2022

Donacidae is a commercially important family of heterodont bivalves and one of the few bivalve lineages that has successfully colonised brackish and fresh waters. However, to date, no phylogenetic hypothesis exists for this widely distributed group. Here we turn to molecular data from the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes and combine these with the extensive fossil record of donacids to propose an evolutionary hypothesis for the family. Our analyses strongly support the monophyly of Donacidae, including Galatea, Iphigenia and ‘Plebidonax’ deltoides, but render Donax paraphyletic. The subgenus Latona is therefore elevated to genus to accommodate a clade of Indo-Pacific species, while retaining Donax for a clade of mostly Atlantic and American Pacific species, and a few Indo-Pacific species. This latter clade is sister group to Galatea + Iphigenia. The diversification of Donacidae seems to be tightly connected to the opening of the North and South Atlantic Oceans in the Cretaceous, and to the closing of the Tethys Ocean during the Oligocene. Taxonomic actions: Latona columbella (Lamarck, 1818) comb. nov., L. deltoides (Lamarck, 1818) comb. nov., L. dysoni (Reeve, 1854) comb. nov., L. madagascariensis (W. Wood, 1828) comb. nov., L. semisulcata semigranosa (Dunker, 1877) comb. nov., L. spinosa (Gmelin, 1791) comb. nov., L. sordida (Hanley, 1845) comb. nov., L. siliqua (Römer, 1870) comb. nov., L. trifasciata (Linnaeus, 1758) comb. nov. and L. victoris (Fischer-Piette, 1942) comb. nov.
On the influence of Kreyòl swa
Authors: Tezil David 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The Haitian Creole (Kreyòl) spoken by bilingual speakers is a prestigious form of speech generally referred to as
Kreyòl swa (KS), where Frenchified features (e.g. front rounded vowels) are often used. In contrast,
monolingual speakers use Kreyòl rèk (KR), a variety in which Frenchified features do not generally occur (Fattier-Thomas 1984; Valdman 2015). In this
article, I establish the nasalization of the definite determiner /la/ in non-nasal environments (LÃ), e.g.
chat lan for chat la ‘the cat’, as a feature of KS. I show that while bilingual speakers do
use both Frenchification and LÃ, monolingual speakers overuse nasalization as compared to bilingual speakers, but
use Frenchification less than the bilingual group because it is harder to produce. Based in these findings, I suggest that the
sociolinguistic situation of Haiti is more complex, i.e. it is extended beyond the relationship between French and
Kreyòl.
On the effect of incoherence in a polarized dusty plasma and Wigner stability
Authors: Chaudhuri Shatadru , Roy Chowdhury A , Roy Chowdhury K 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We theoretically analysed the effect of incoherence present in the initial density in a homogeneous plasma containing nonthermal ions and Maxwellian electrons under the influence of polarization force. The Krylov-Bogoliubov-Mitropolsky (KBM) method is used to derive the Nonlinear Schrödinger equation. In the next stage the incoherence effect is analysed by studying the equation of motion of the correlation function 〈n(x, t)n
*(x, t)〉 with the help of Wigner quantization and Moyal braket. The modulational stability of the new equation is exhaustively studied with respect to the plasma parameters variation and the effect of polarization force. In the next section, we considered a q-nonextensive distribution of electrons and viewed a more general form of polarization force by following Bentabet et al. The same analysis is again repeated and the modulation stability is analysed.
A comparative study of new generic wormhole models with stability analysis via thin-shell
Authors: Javed Faisal , Sadiq Sobia , Mustafa G , Hussain Ibrar 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This analysis is devoted to exploring the interesting aspects of wormhole geometry. The energy conditions are checked for two different new generic shape functions, which satisfy the required wormhole properties. The presence of exotic matter is confirmed due to the violation of the energy conditions in the background of f(R, T) gravity as well as in the general relativity case. The traversable wormholes respecting the null energy conditions can be realized in both considered frameworks. A thin-shell around a wormhole geometry with two different generic shape functions is obtained by using the cut and paste approach taking Schwarzschild spacetime as an exterior manifold. The stability of thin-shell is explored with linearized perturbation along the equilibrium shell radius. Stable regions and the position of the expected event horizon depend on the choice of physical parameters. It is concluded that the number of expected event horizons increases for the second shape function.
Thickness and a Gap Lemma in ℝd
Authors: Yavicoli Alexia 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We give a definition of thickness in ${\mathbb {R}}^{d}$ that is useful even for totally disconnected sets, and prove a Gap Lemma type result. We also guarantee an interval of distances in any direction in thick compact sets, relate thick sets (for this definition of thickness) with winning sets, give a lower bound for the Hausdorff dimension of the intersection of countably many of them, a result guaranteeing the presence of large patterns, and lower bounds for the Hausdorff dimension of a set in relationship with its thickness.
Monks, the State, and Monastic Governance in Contemporary Thailand
Authors: Borchert Thomas 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe relationship between Buddhism and politics in Theravāda communities has been a subject of regular scholarly investigation since at least the 1970s. However, in much of this scholarship, the primary problem has been to understand how the secular state interacts with religious actors. An assumption exists that the Thai state governs the sangha, and how monks in Theravāda sanghas govern one another has received insufficient attention. In Thailand, monks live in conditions of legal pluralism, subject to religious, state, and ecclesiastical law. This article examines these legal regimes, focusing on ecclesiastical law, which has largely been ignored up to this point. The article argues that conditions of legal pluralism are important for understanding the possibilities of monastic action as well as the effort to govern the sangha in contemporary Thailand.
Collective Information Acquisition
Authors: Eilat Ran , Eliaz Kfir 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We consider the problem faced by a group of players who bargain over what public signal to acquire before deciding on a collective action. The players differ in their privately known state-dependent payoffs from taking the action, and therefore differ also in their willingness to pay for the public signal. We take a mechanism design approach to characterizing the efficient frontier of outcomes achievable via bargaining over information. We identify novel distortions in the optimal information structure that arise from the information asymmetry and from the fact that after the signal is realized, the outcome is determined in equilibrium of a subsequent voting game.
A novel technique to repair orbital roof defects: irradiated homologous cadaveric rib (Tutoplast ®) graft in a recurrent frontal sinus ossifying fibroma
Authors: Acharya Vikas , Ng Jimmy , Navaratnam Annakan , Rennie Catherine , Clarke Peter 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Ossifying fibroma in the fronto-ethmoidal sinuses is a rare, benign condition. In symptomatic cases, surgical excision is often undertaken and bony defects may be repaired using alloplastic grafts. We present a novel method of repairing an orbital roof defect using irradiated homologous cadaveric rib (Tutoplast ®) graft, overlaid with a pericranial flap. The patient made an excellent recovery, concluding that it is a viable and safe option with lower morbidity.
Experiencing Léotard’s Sensational Body: Risk, Morality and Pleasure above the British Stage
Authors: Holmes Kate 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Early 1860s responses to Jules Léotard’s innovative solo flying trapeze performances span pleasure and excitement to provoking claims of immorality related to risk that seem strange today. I examine the relationship between risk, morality and pleasure in Léotard’s celebrity using newspaper reports and imagery, demonstrating how his celebrity reveals changing attitudes to the body. Audiences evaluated his performances depending on how they valued bodily pleasure and how they connected citizenship, religion, science and progress to athleticism. Considering Léotard alongside the wirewalker Charles Blondin demonstrates how Léotard’s performance and physique mitigated concerns around risk. Making sense of Léotard’s unfamiliar movements often involved processing conflicting physical responses and contradictory viewpoints. ‘Dangerous’ performances drew censure because they provoked these confusing experiences and risk-related concerns of audience coercion and desensitization. Resituating Léotard within the 1860s craze for ‘sensation’ on the basis of newspaper reports and affect, demonstrates Victorians’ bodily preoccupation. Wider risks in society alongside scientific advancements help explain Victorians’ increased focus on the body as they turned to bodily health in the face of urban threats. Against this background, experiencing performers’ embodied vicarious risk enabled Victorians to rehearse, not avoid, the thrills and dangers of Victorian life.
A numerical modelling of rotating substellar objects up to mass-shedding limits
Authors: Yoshida Shin’ichirou 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
Rotation may affect the occurrence of sustainable hydrogen burning in very low-mass stellar objects by the introduction of centrifugal force to the hydrostatic balance as well as by the appearance of rotational break-up of the objects (mass-shedding limit) for rapidly rotating cases. We numerically construct the models of rotating very low-mass stellar objects that may or may not experience sustained nuclear reaction (hydrogen-burning) as their energy source. The rotation is not limited to being slow so the effect of the rotational deformation of them is not infinitesimally small. Critical curves of sustainable hydrogen burning in the parameter space of mass versus central degeneracy, on which the nuclear energy generation balances the surface luminosity, are obtained for different values of angular momentum. It is shown that if the angular momentum exceeds the threshold $J_0=8.85\times 10^{48}\, {\rm erg}~{\rm s}$ the critical curve is broken up into two branches with lower and higher degeneracy because of the mass-shedding limit. Based on the results, we model mechano-thermal evolutions of substellar objects, in which cooling, as well as mass/angular momentum reductions, are followed for two simplified cases. The case with such external braking mechanisms as magnetized wind or magnetic braking is mainly controlled by the spin-down time-scale. The other case with no external braking leads to the mass-shedding limit after gravitational contraction. Thereafter the object sheds its mass to form a ring or a disc surrounding it and shrinks.
Evaluating chemically homogeneous evolution in stellar binaries: electromagnetic implications – ionizing photons, SLSN-I, GRB, Ic-BL
Authors: Ghodla Sohan , Eldridge J J , Stanway Elizabeth R , Stevance Héloïse F 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTWe investigate the occurrence of rapid-rotation-induced chemically homogeneous evolution (CHE) due to strong tides and mass accretion in binaries. To this end, we generalize the relation in Packet to calculate the minimum angular momentum (AM) accretion required by a secondary star to experience accretion-induced CHE. Contrary to traditionally assumed 5–10 per cent accretion of initial mass (Z ≲ 0.004, M ≳ 20 M⊙) for spinning up the accretor (resulting in CHE), this value can drop to ∼2 per cent for efficient AM accretion, while for certain systems it could be substantially larger. We conduct a population study using bpass of evolving stars under the influence of strong tides in short-period binaries and also account for the updated effect of accretion-induced spin-up. We find accretion CHE (compared to tidal CHE) to be the dominant means of producing homogeneous stars even at 10 per cent AM accretion efficiency during mass transfer. Unlike tidal CHE, it is seen that CH stars arising due to accretion can retain a larger fraction of their AM till core collapse. Thus, we show that accretion CHE could be an important formation channel for energetic electromagnetic transients like gamma-ray bursts, Ic-BL (SLSN-I, Ic-BL) under the collapsar (magnetar) formalism, and a single CH star could lead to both the transients under their respective formation scenario. Lastly, we show that under the current treatment of CHE, the emission rate of ionizing photons by such stars decreases more rapidly at higher metallicities than previously predicted.
Copyright Enforcement
Authors: Ballhausen Miriam 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the enforcement of rights in free and open source software (‘FOSS’). Aside from considering the whos, whats, whys, and hows of enforcement, the chapter also takes a look at the key arguments in relation to the enforcement of copyright in FOSS. The first is what an enforceable copyright is. Next, the chapter turns to the question of how copyright in FOSS can be enforced. The consistent enforcement of copyright in FOSS in Germany is then explored. Afterward, the chapter considers who can enforce copyright in FOSS, before dealing with the key arguments, alleged infringements, and court decisions on license compliance. This chapter is intended to answer these questions more broadly and especially to provide an overview over what to consider when facing or considering to bring a FOSS-related copyright enforcement action.
SPDX and Software Bill of Materials ISO/IEC 5962L 2021
Authors: Stewart Kate 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter discusses the Software Package Data Exchange (‘SPDX’) specification. SPDX defines a common language for communicating the components, licenses, security information, and copyrights associated with software. The SPDX specification describes the necessary sections and fields to produce a valid SPDX document. This grass-roots effort has had participation over the years from a wide variety of software developers, systems and tool vendors, foundations, and the legal community — all committed to creating a common language for products, components, and software packages to be able to exchange Software Bill of Materials (‘SBOM’) data efficiently and effectively. By providing a common syntax and vocabulary for organisations and communities to share this software bill of materials data, compliance can be automated, and this improved transparency facilitates vulnerability identification and remediation.
Corporate Concerns
Authors: Crick Toby 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter examines the role of open source software (‘OSS’) in the corporate world. There is an expectation today that enterprises utilise such tools and processes and need to demonstrate to investors and regulators alike that they have an adequate open source policy and processes in place. This chapter thus looks at code audits and the good practices around managing and logging the enterprise’s code base across proprietary third party tools, third party OSS tools, and its own internally produced code that an enterprise can deploy. It then considers how OSS can add value to a business or even become a valuable business in and of itself. Afterward, the chapter sets out how the process of mergers and acquisitions (‘M&A’), investment, and ultimately initial public offerings (‘IPO’) should be adapted where a key asset of a target business is OSS. Finally, investment around open source is explored.
Open Source Software and Security
Authors: Schulz Charles-H 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter considers OSS and cybersecurity. One of the arguments of the proponents of software freedom was and still is, that software developed publicly and collaboratively is fundamentally more secure than software developed in a black box with no transparency or external access to its source code. The contrarian thesis on the other hand argues that public and open access to source code was precisely a potential avenue for attackers to study the source code and then exploit vulnerabilities that are baked into the software from its inception. As it stands, however, both software development and distribution models are fundamentally at odds with proper security concerns and practices. If anything, the gap between the reality and the claimed advantages of each party was widening further down the road. This chapter thus explores the reality of these two assertions.
Economics of Open Source
Authors: Böhm Mirko 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter showcases the relationship between free and open source software (FOSS) and economics. FOSS is unique in that it is at the same time state of the art technology, a commodity, and a public good. FOSS communities are social groups of individual and organisational contributors that participate voluntarily in the production of public information goods. Furthermore, communities are able to resolve issues without the coordination provided by a central authority like the state. This shapes how FOSS collaboration relates to market competition and the value propositions of businesses. Today collaboration spans both unpaid or volunteer participation and industry contributions that are made in the course of employment or under the guidance of a commercial sponsor. This chapter develops a basic taxonomy based on a combination of the revenue model, the type of good, and the differentiating aspects of FOSS-based products.
Cloud Native Development, Containers, and Open Source Licensing
Authors: Fontana Richard 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter deals with containers, a Linux operating system feature that enables isolation of a user-space instance from the rest of the system. Given the abundance of open source software in containers, issues of open source license interpretation and compliance naturally arise in the container setting. One of the characteristics of the rapid rise of container technology adoption has been a perceived inattention to open source license compliance by many container users. To the extent this is a fair assessment, it may reflect the ease with which a user of container technology can assemble and distribute complex, open source-based software collections without awareness of their contents or associated licensing terms. At the same time, because containers may be new and unfamiliar to lawyers, they may be overly concerned about the impact of open source license obligations arising out of the use of containers.