bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Content development of the Child Community Health Inclusion Index: An evaluation tool for measuring inclusion of children with disabilities in the community
Authors: Yoo Paul Yejong , Majnemer Annette , Bolduc Laury‐Anne , Chen Karen , Lamb Erin , Panjwani Tanisha , Wilton Robert , Ahmed Sara , Shikako Keiko 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundAddressing barriers in the environment can contribute to health and quality of life for children with disabilities and their families. The Community Health Inclusion Index (CHII) is a measurement tool developed in the United States to identify environmental barriers and facilitators to community health inclusion. The CHII adopts an adult viewpoint and aspects crucial for children may have been omitted.AimsThis study aimed to develop a comprehensive list of items that are relevant for the community inclusion of children with disabilities in the Canadian context.MethodsThe relevance and priority of items generated from a review of existing guidelines and best practice recommendations for community inclusion were rated as a dichotomous response and discussed by an expert panel in relevant fields related to children with disabilities.ResultsA total of 189 items from 12 instruments and best practice guidelines were identified. Expert consensus contributed to a relevant and comprehensive list of items. Expert suggestions were considered to refine and reduce the item list.ConclusionThis study highlights the importance of a child version of a community inclusion tool, as the needs of children with disabilities differ from those of adults. It can help communities improve inclusion of children with disabilities and inform health promotion initiatives for this population.
Image Representation on Curved Optimal Triangulation
Authors: Xiao Yanyang , Cao Juan , Chen Zhonggui 
Published: March 2022

AbstractImage triangulation aims to generate an optimal partition with triangular elements to represent the given image. One bottleneck in ensuring approximation quality between the original image and a piecewise approximation over the triangulation is the inaccurate alignment of straight edges to the curved features. In this paper, we propose a novel variational method called curved optimal triangulation, where not all edges are straight segments, but may also be quadratic Bézier curves. The energy function is defined as the total approximation error determined by vertex locations, connectivity and bending of edges. The gradient formulas of this function are derived explicitly in closed form to optimize the energy function efficiently. We test our method on several models to demonstrate its efficacy and ability in preserving features. We also explore its applications in the automatic generation of stylization and Lowpoly images. With the same number of vertices, our curved optimal triangulation method generates more accurate and visually pleasing results compared with previous methods that only use straight segments.
Predicting plant species distributions using climate‐based model ensembles with corresponding measures of congruence and uncertainty
Authors: Stewart Stephen B. , Fedrigo Melissa , Kasel Sabine , Roxburgh Stephen H. , Choden Kunzang , Tenzin Karma , Allen Kathryn , Nitschke Craig R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimThe increasing availability of regional and global climate data presents an opportunity to build better ecological models; however, it is not always clear which climate dataset is most appropriate. The aim of this study was to better understand the impacts that alternative climate datasets have on the modelled distribution of plant species, and to develop systematic approaches to enhancing their use in species distribution models (SDMs).LocationVictoria, southeast Australia and the Himalayan Kingdom of Bhutan.MethodsWe compared the statistical performance of SDMs for 38 plant species in Victoria and 12 plant species in Bhutan with multiple algorithms using globally and regionally calibrated climate datasets. Individual models were compared against one another and as SDM ensembles to explore the potential for alternative predictions to improve statistical performance. We develop two new spatially continuous metrics that support the interpretation of ensemble predictions by characterizing the per‐pixel congruence and variability of contributing models.ResultsThere was no clear consensus on which climate dataset performed best across all species in either study region. On average, multi‐model ensembles (across the same species with different climate data) increased AUC/TSS/Kappa/OA by up to 0.02/0.03/0.03/0.02 in Victoria and 0.06/0.11/0.11/0.05 in Bhutan. Ensembles performed better than most single models in both Victoria (AUC = 85%; TSS = 68%) and Bhutan (AUC = 86%; TSS = 69%). SDM ensembles using models fitted with alternative algorithms and/or climate datasets each provided a significant improvement over single model runs.Main conclusionsOur results demonstrate that SDM ensembles, built using alternative models of the same climate variables, can quantify model congruence and identify regions of the highest uncertainty while mitigating the risk of erroneous predictions. Algorithm selection is known to be a large source of error for SDMs, and our results demonstrate that climate dataset selection can be a comparably significant source of uncertainty.
Major bleeding in patients with pulmonary embolism presenting with syncope
Authors: Maestre Ana , Escribano José Carlos , Lobo José Luis , Jara‐Palomares Luis , Jiménez David , Bikdeli Behnood , Armestar Fernando , Bura‐Riviere Alessandra , Lorenzo Alicia , Monreal Manuel ,   the RIETE Investigators
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionSyncope has been shown to be a risk factor of bleeding in patients receiving thrombolytic therapy for acute pulmonary embolism (PE). Whether syncope predicts bleeding in a broader population of patients with PE remains unknown.MethodsWe used the RIETE registry data to assess whether initial presentation with syncope could predict bleeding in PE patients receiving anticoagulant therapy, and to explore the association between presence of syncope and timing and site of major bleeding events.ResultsAmong 45,765 patients with acute PE from March 2001 to January 2021, 6760 (14.8%) had syncope. Patients with syncope were older and more likely to have hypotension, tachycardia, hypoxaemia or elevated troponin levels than those without syncope. They also were more likely to receive thrombolytics. During the first 90 days, 1097 patients (2.4%) suffered major bleeding (gastrointestinal 335, hematoma 271 and intracranial 163) and 3611 died (158 had fatal bleeding). Patients with syncope had a higher rate of major bleeding (odds ratio [OR]: 1.63; 95% CI: 1.41–1.89) and a nonsignificantly higher rate of fatal bleeding (OR: 1.47; 95% CI: 0.99–2.17) than those without syncope. Multivariable analysis confirmed that patients with syncope were at increased risk for major bleeding (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 1.34; 95% CI: 1.15–1.55). On sensitivity analysis, the increased risk for major bleeding was confirmed in patients initially receiving anticoagulant therapy without thrombolytics at 7 days (aHR: 1.47; 95% CI: 1.13–1.91) and 90 days (aHR: 1.33; 95%CI: 1.13–1.56).DiscussionSyncope is a predictor of major bleeding events in patients with PE, even among those receiving anticoagulation monotherapy.
Symptoms resulting from the feeding of true bugs on growing hazelnuts
Authors: Hamidi Rachid , Calvy Mélina , Valentie Emma , Driss Laetitia , Guignet Jonas , Thomas Maud , Tavella Luciana 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPalomena prasina (L.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) and Gonocerus acuteangulatus (Goeze) (Hemiptera: Coreidae) are new pests in French hazel orchards (Corylus avellana L., Corylaceae). Knowing the symptoms in growing hazelnuts resulting from pests feeding on them is important for risk assessment and risk management. Insects were isolated in net sleeves on hazelnuts of the Pauetet cultivar at various phenological stages for 1 week, and symptoms resulting from the insects’ feeding were observed at harvest. From pre‐shell expansion to kernel expansion and from kernel expansion to kernel maturation, feeding mainly results in blank nuts and necrotic spots, respectively. The feeding of adult insects, as well as third‐ and fourth‐instars, resulted in blank nuts. When adults and fifth‐instars fed on the kernel, necrotic spots resulted. The stylet penetration potential of adult insects and late‐instars is higher, allowing them to reach the kernel and cause abortion or necrotic spotting. Blank nuts are the main damage observed, and their intensity is highly related to changes in both hazelnut and bug phenology. Therefore, symptoms should be discussed in light of the cultivar and bug occurrence in the field. This study contributes to the development of decision tools for integrated pest management of true bug pests that feed on hazelnuts.
Competition for water and species coexistence in phenologically structured annual plant communities
Authors: Levine Jacob I. , Levine Jonathan M. , Gibbs Theo , Pacala Stephen W. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBoth competition for water and phenological variation are important determinants of plant community structure, but ecologists lack a synthetic theory for how they affect coexistence outcomes. We developed an analytically tractable model of water competition for Mediterranean annual communities and demonstrated that variation in phenology alone can maintain high diversity in spatially homogenous assemblages of water‐limited plants. We modelled a system where all water arrives early in the season and species vary in their ability to grow under drying conditions. As a consequence, species differ in growing season length and compete by shortening the growing season of their competitors. This model replicates and offers mechanistic explanations for patterns observed in empirical studies of how phenology influences coexistence among Mediterranean annuals. Additionally, we found that a decreasing, concave‐up trade‐off between growth rate and access to water can maintain high diversity under simple but realistic assumptions. High diversity is possible because: (1) later plants escape competition after their earlier season competitors have gone to seed and (2) early‐season species are more than compensated for their shortened growing season by a growth rate advantage. Together, these mechanisms provide an explanation for how phenologically variable annual plant species might coexist when competing only for water.
Elucidating historical fisheries’ networks in the Iberian Peninsula using stable isotopes
Authors: Llorente‐Rodríguez Laura , Craig Oliver E. , Colonese André Carlo , von Tersch Matthew , Roselló‐Izquierdo Eufrasia , González Gómez de Agüero Eduardo , Fernández‐Rodríguez Carlos , Quirós‐Castillo Juan Antonio , López‐Arias Begoña , Marlasca‐Martín Ricard , Nottingham James , Morales Muñiz Arturo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractProcessed fish is known to have been systematically traded in Europe since the Early Middle Ages to meet increasing demand of incipient markets and religious precepts, yet specific details regarding the supply of different fish in Southern Europe is often missing. Here, we address this gap through an integrated approach involving bone metrics and stable isotopic analysis of archaeological European hake (Merluccius merluccius, Merluccidae) from the Iberian Peninsula. The results offer new insights regarding historical fisheries production systems, including the regions exploited and commercial routes, whilst also revealing biological differences between archaeological and present‐day hake populations in the North‐east Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea. This research highlights the fruitful result of combining ichthyoarchaeological and historical data for tracking down the origin and development of historical fisheries in south‐western Europe and their bearing on modern fisheries.
Skin permeability, a dismissed necessity for anti‐wrinkle peptide performance
Authors: Mortazavi Seyedeh Maryam , Moghimi Hamid Reza 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe skin offers various benefits and potential for peptide delivery if its barrier performance can be reduced temporarily and reversibly. As peptides possess high molecular weight, hydrophilic nature (in most cases), and ionizable groups in the structure, their skin delivery is highly challenging. Apart from this, they are susceptible to the proteolytic enzymes in the skin. Anti‐wrinkle peptides, like other peptides, suffer from insufficient skin permeability, while most of them must penetrate deep in the skin to present their efficacy. Although the cellular studies indicate the effectiveness of such peptides, without the ability to permeate the skin sufficiently, this efficacy is useless. Poor skin permeability of anti‐wrinkle peptides has led to ongoing research for finding feasible and noninvasive enhancement methods that would be desirable for consumers of cosmetic products.MethodIn this paper, the possibility of skin permeation of anti‐wrinkle peptides as well as the chemical, physical, and encapsulation approaches that have been employed to date to increase permeability of these difficult molecules are thoroughly reviewed.ResultsMost anti‐wrinkle peptides are not appropriate candidates for skin permeation and the use of enhancement methods is essential to increase their permeability. To do so, only some permeability enhancement approaches have been applied so far, including chemical modification with hydrophobic moieties or cell penetrating peptides, metal complexation, chemical permeation enhancers, iontophoresis, microneedles, and encapsulation in nanocarriers. The results of studies published on the skin permeability of anti‐wrinkle peptides carnosine, GHK, PKEK, GEKG, GQPR, and KTTKS indicate that the skin permeability of these peptides can be successfully increased.ConclusionAlthough the skin permeability of most anti‐wrinkle peptides is not high enough and most anti‐wrinkle peptides might not reach their targets in the skin at right concentrations, their permeability can be increased to therapeutic concentrations using various enhancement approaches.
Viral co‐infections are associated with increased rates of hospitalization in those with influenza
Authors: Shannon Kerry L. , Osula Valerie O. , Shaw‐Saliba Kathryn , Hardick Justin , McBryde Breana , Dugas Andrea , Hsieh Yu‐Hsiang , Hansoti Bhakti , Rothman Richard E. ,   Emergency Department National Influenza Network Investigators
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundInfluenza causes significant morbidity and mortality in the United States. Among patients infected with influenza, the presence of bacterial co‐infection is associated with worse clinical outcomes; less is known regarding the clinical importance of viral co‐infections. The objective of this study was to determine rates of viral co‐infections in emergency department (ED) patients with confirmed influenza and association of co‐infection with disease severity.MethodsSecondary analysis of a biorepository and clinical database from a parent study where rapid influenza testing was implemented in four U.S. academic EDs, during the 2014–2015 influenza season. Patients were systematically tested for influenza virus using a validated clinical decision guideline. Demographic and clinical data were extracted from medical records; nasopharyngeal specimens from influenza‐positive patients were tested for viral co‐infections (ePlex, Genmark Diagnostics). Patterns of viral co‐infections were evaluated using chi‐square analysis. The association of viral co‐infection with hospital admission was assessed using univariate and multivariate regression.ResultsThe overall influenza A/B positivity rate was 18.1% (1071/5919). Of the 999 samples with ePlex results, the prevalence of viral co‐infections was 7.9% (79/999). The most common viral co‐infection was rhinovirus/enterovirus (RhV/EV), at 3.9% (39/999). The odds of hospital admission (OR 2.33, 95% CI: 1.01–5.34) increased significantly for those with viral co‐infections (other than RhV/EV) versus those with influenza A infection only.ConclusionPresence of viral co‐infection (other than RhV/EV) in ED influenza A/B positive patients was independently associated with increased risk of hospital admission. Further research is needed to determine clinical utility of ED multiplex testing.
Four cases of abdominal expander implantation in adult chronic osteomyelitis of lower extremity with soft tissue defect and literature review
Authors: Zhang Xinling , Chen Yujie , Wang Guanhuier , Ding Pengbing , Yang Xin , Zhao Zhenmin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this study, we intend to explore the clinical efficacy of abdominal expander implantation combined with flap technique in adult chronic osteomyelitis of lower limb with soft tissue defects, and to provide the basis for the promotion of the technique in clinical practice. Four patients diagnosed with chronic osteomyelitis of lower extremity with soft tissue defect were enrolled in this prospective study. Evaluation indicators included state of flap survival, state of abdominal incision, surrounding of abdominal wound scar, satisfaction of the patient, state of flap survival half a year after surgery, whether the 3D prosthesis is successfully implanted and limb movement. Four patients had complete flap survival, two of whom had a small amount of skin graft survival disorder in the vascular pedicle area, which improved after 1 month of dressing change. The expander had an average expansion time of 31.5 days, an average water injection of 525 mL, and an average skin volume taken of 159 cm2. No incision exudation, incision dehiscence, subcutaneous exudate and other complications occurred. The mean Vancouver Scar Scale score at 3 months after surgery was 3.5 (range from 3 to 6) points. Four patients showed good flap survival at six‐month follow‐up. 3D printed prosthesis were all successfully implanted. The treatment of adult chronic osteomyelitis of lower extremities with lower abdominal implantable expander combined with flap technique can effectively increase the skin harvesting area, reduce the suture tension of abdominal skin harvesting area and the scar hyperplasia of abdominal skin harvesting area.
Root system growth and anatomy of cotton seedlings under suboptimal temperature
Authors: Snider John L. , Thangthong Nuengsap , Rossi Chiara , Pilon Cristiane 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRoot morphology and anatomy are important plant traits that could potentially influence seedling vigour, resource acquisition and susceptibility to early‐season stress. Therefore, the objective of the current experiment was to evaluate the effects of cultivar and growth temperature on seedling root growth and anatomical characteristics in cotton. To address this objective, experiments were conducted with six modern cotton cultivars, expected to have differences in seedling vigour, grown under optimal (30/20°C) and suboptimal (20/15°C) day/night temperature regimes. Root morphology and taproot cross‐sectional anatomy were evaluated two weeks after planting. Cultivars with the most vigorously growing root systems produced 73% more secondary roots, 68% more total root length, 74% more surface area and 72% higher total root volume than the least vigorous cultivars. The cultivar with the greatest production of secondary roots also exhibited a somewhat uncommon hexarch arrangement of vascular bundles in taproot cross sections. Thus, we suggest that this difference in root anatomy may be a determinant of genotypic differences in lateral root development. In response to low temperature, taproot length, total root length, secondary root formation, root surface area and root volume declined substantially relative to optimal temperature conditions (35%–75% declines). This reinforces the need to ensure optimal temperature conditions at planting or to identify cultivars with improved performance under suboptimal early‐season conditions. Conversely, root diameter responded positively to low growth temperatures, and cold‐induced increases in root thickness were associated with increases in the number and cross‐sectional area of root cells.
Women's reasons and motivations around planning a home birth with a qualified midwife in Spain
Authors: Galera‐Barbero Trinidad María , Aguilera‐Manrique Gabriel 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to describe and understand the reasons and motivations that lead a woman to choose home birth in Spain.DesignA qualitative study based on Gadamer's hermeneutic phenomenology was carried out.MethodsIn‐depth interviews were conducted with 24 women who had planned a home birth in the last year. The recruitment phase was carried out over a 3‐week period during the month of March 2021. Inductive analysis was used to find themes based on the data obtained.ResultsFour main themes emerged from the data analysis: (1) Women's home birth decision making, (2) Partner as the main support, (3) Need to prepare for childbirth and (4) Reasons for choosing home birth.ConclusionThe women in this study spent a lot of time and dedication to choose the place where they would give birth. According to this research, decision making is influenced by multiple factors, both positive and negative, such as women's individual beliefs and values. The main reasons why women chose a home birth were the intimacy and security of the home, the accompaniment and the desire for a natural and free birth.ImpactThis study adds knowledge about the factors that influence the decision of women who choose home birth in Spain and the reasons and motivations that lead them to do so. In addition, it raises new questions about the satisfaction of women giving birth in the hospital as well as outside the hospital, and the quality of service provided by health professionals in the current Spanish public maternity system.
Detection of delirium by family members in the intensive care unit: Translation, Cross‐Cultural adaptation and validation of the Family Confusion Assessment Method for the German‐Speaking area
Authors: Greindl Stephanie , Weiss Björn , Magnolini Raphael , Lingg Charlotte , Mayer Hanna , Schaller Stefan J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was the translation, cross‐cultural adaptation and validation of the Family Confusion Assessment Method in critically ill patients.BackgroundDelirium is a frequently unrecognized disorder in critically ill patients. Visiting family members might be the first to notice subtle changes in a patient's cognition and behaviour. The Family Confusion Assessment Method was developed to detect delirium by family members, but has not been available for the German‐speaking area yet.DesignA prospective validation study was conducted between January 2020 and October 2020.MethodsThe Family Confusion Assessment Method was translated into German according to the Principles of Good Practice for the Translation and Cultural Adaptation Process for Patient‐Reported Outcomes. Subsequently, we compared the Family Confusion Assessment Method with the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit in critically ill patients and their family members in a medical intensive care unit in Germany.ResultsWe included 50 dyads of critically ill patients and their family members. The prevalence of delirium measured by Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit was 44%. Cohen's kappa coefficient was 0.84. The German Family Confusion Assessment Method had a high sensitivity of 95.5% and specificity of 89.3%. The positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 87.5% and 96.2% respectively.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that the German Family Confusion Assessment Method is an accurate assessment tool for delirium detection in the intensive care unit by family members. Furthermore, the results indicate that family members may identify delirium by the Family Confusion Assessment Method without prior training.ImpactCollaborating medical staff with patients' family members to detect delirium in the intensive care unit may lead to early recognition of delirium.