bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elastic Characterization of Shale at Microscale: A Comparison between Modulus Mapping, PeakForce Quantitative Nanomechanical Mapping, and Contact Resonance Method
Authors: Zhao Junliang , Zhang Wei , Zhang Dongxiao 
Published: April 2022

Summary
Because of the extremely high resolution and little damage to the sample, micromechanical mapping methods have been widely used for elastic characterization of shale at microscale. However, few studies have investigated connections and differences among commonly used micromechanical mapping methods. The influencing factors of micromechanical tests, such as sample preparation, experimental setup, and data processing, have not yet been sufficiently discussed. In the presented paper, three representative micromechanical mapping methods, including modulus mapping (MM), PeakForce quantitative nanomechanical mapping (PFQNM), and contact resonance (CR) method, were systematically compared from theory to application. The fundamental principles of the three methods were introduced, and connections in theoretical background were discussed. A shale sample from the Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin was selected for elastic characterization. Mechanical tests were performed on a fixed area on the sample surface by using different methods. The modulus distribution images obtained by the three methods intuitively exhibited microheterogeneity in shale. The influences of scanning frequency, peak force frequency, and force setpoint were analyzed based on the test results. The comparison of the contact area revealed that MM possessed the lowest spatial resolution with the experimental setup, and the CR method was less sensitive to the surface condition than PFQNM. The effectiveness of the data processing method was demonstrated through scale dependency analysis, and the limitations of the test methods were discussed. This work may contribute to improved understanding and selection of micromechanical mapping methods and experimental design of elastic characterization of shale.
Assessing biomarker stability and assay performance parameters for the use of biomarkers in mental disorders; A study of early stage biomarker assay method development
Authors: jentsch Mike , de Strate Barry van , Meddens Marjolein , Meddens Marcus , Schoevers Robert 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Within the field of psychiatry, the development of biomarker based assay methods is relatively young. Recent efforts focused on combining several biomarkers within a panel to increase discriminative power. However, most biomarker panels have failed to advance to the stage of clinical application. An important prerequisite is a proper sampling and storage procedure, based on a priori identified stability properties of all biomarker/body fluid combinations present in the panel. Second, is the performance requisites of the assays in use, such as Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays (ELISA), in order to assure reliable results within and between runs. In this study, we analyzed 24 biomarker assays in 32 biomarker/body fluid combinations identified clinically relevant for prediction of MDD. Each biomarker body fluid combination was tested for stability and assay performance. We found hampering stability in almost all cases except three biomarkers in urine and three in serum. By having identified stability properties adequate measures can be taken to avoid interpretation mistakes. By having identified performance properties decisions in an early stage can be taken to assay implementation. This study indicates that a good starting point for biomarker panel assay development is the investigation of stability for each biomarker/body fluid combination. In addition, assay performance plays an important role in the correct interpretation of those results. Along the way of assay development, other quality assurance parameters might be implemented focused on a fit for purpose principle ultimately providing reliable data necessary for diagnostical method implementation.
Developing and Implementing a Quality Assurance Strategy for Electroconvulsive Therapy
Authors: Elzain Musaab , Lally Kevin , Hogan Fiona , Flaithbheartaigh Séamus Ó 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objectives
The objectives of this quality assurance project was to assess the practice of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in a psychiatric hospital by measuring the degree of compliance with Electroconvulsive Therapy Accreditation Service (ECTAS) standards.
Method
An audit tool was developed utilizing a quality criteria checklist by examining the ECTAS standards in relation to the requirements for ECT suites and reviewing the case notes of all patients who had ECT during the period between January 2017 and October 2017 (first audit) and January 2018 and October 2018 (re-audit). Data were quantitatively analysed and described.
Results
The psychiatric unit ECT practice generally was found to adhere to the ECTAS Standards. During the audit period, 29 patients received an ECT course. The mean age was 56 years with equal gender distribution. Bilateral ECT was used in all cases. Severe depressive illness was the most common indication for ECT treatment, followed by catatonia and severe suicidality. The ECT prescription was completed by the treating consultant psychiatrist in all patients’ records (100%) in both audits. However, the signature of the doctor administering ECT was not present in 40% in the first audit and 21% in the second audit.
Conclusion
High quality ECT is important not only for safe ECT, but is also an important step in removing the stigma that exists around this effective and occasionally lifesaving procedure. This complete audit cycle demonstrates the value of examining ECT care by highlighting areas of accomplishment as well as areas that require further development.
Urban Climate Changes Due to Extreme Modification of Human Behaviour During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Integration of Urban Physics with Social Big Data
Authors: Takane Yuya , Nakajima Ko , Kikegawa Yukihiro 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The changes in human behaviour associated with the spread of COVID-19 infections have changed the urban environment. However, little is known about the extent to which they have changed the urban climate. We quantitatively evaluated these effects using a unique method that integrates real-time human population data (social big data) with an urban climate model. The results showed that in an office district in the city centre of Tokyo, the biggest metropolis in the world, under a significantly reduced population, electricity consumption (CO2 emissions) would be 30% and anthropogenic heat emission would be 33% of pre-COVID levels (without the stay-at-home advisories). This resulted in a temperature decrease of about 0.2°C, representing about 10% of the past greenhouse gas-induced warming in Tokyo. This method can be benchmarked and then applied to worldwide. The results suggest that changes in human behaviour can represent an adaptation strategy to climate change in cities.
Utilization of lactobacillus fermented proteins from meat processing wastewaters as a dietary protein source in poultry feed
Authors: Bethi Cathrine Monica Spandana , Prakash Gowthami Jay , Peddha Muthukumar Serva , Kudre Tanaji G 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Impact of fermented meat processing wastewater protein hydrolysate (FWMPH) prepared by Pediococcus lolii fermentation as an alternative protein source on growth performance, serum biochemistry, and hematological parameters of broiler chicks was evaluated in the present investigation. FWMPH exhibited antioxidant, anti-angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), and antimicrobial properties. A total of 60 broiler chicks were divided into five dietary groups on day 8 and a feeding trial was performed for 48-days. Different diets were prepared by replacing soya protein concentrate (SPC) with different levels of FWMPH as a protein source. These diets were denoted as SPSD (100% SPC), FMP-25 (25% FWMPH + 75% SPC), FMP-50 (50% FWMPH + 50% SPC), FMP-75 (75% FWMPH + 25% SPC), and FMP-100 (100% FWMPH). FMP-25 and FMP-100 diet group broiler chicks showed the highest and lowest feed consumption (P < 0.05), respectively. However, the highest body weight gain (1506.08 ± 52.52 g) was observed in FMP-75 diet-fed chicks (P < 0.05). Furthermore, FMP-75 chicks displayed better feed conversion ratio, feed efficiency ratio, and protein efficiency ratio values than other diet group chicks (P < 0.05). The hematological, serum biochemical parameters and histopathological examination revealed that the chicks fed with FWMPH were not negatively affected by dietary treatments and were better than the SPSD diet group (P < 0.05). Hence, FWMPH at 75% level can be exploited as a potential protein ingredient as a substitute for soy protein in the broiler diet for better growth performance of the birds without deleterious effects.
Clinical Features and Treatment Strategies of Precursor B-cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia with C-myC Rearrangement in Childhood
Authors: Wang Xiang , Wu Kefei , Huang Jun , Yu Lisha , Pan Ci , Chen Jing , Shen Shuhong , Chen Changcheng , Mi Qiang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Rare cases of Burkitt leukemia/lymphoma (BL) exhibiting a precursor B-cell phenotype (termed herein pre-BLL) were admitted by WHO Classification of Hematopoetic and Lymphoid Tissue, recent evidence suggests that these neoplasms genetically and epigenetically resemble precursor B-cell leukemia/lymphoma (pB-acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoblastic lymphoma (ALL)/LBL) rather than BL. The clinical features and treatment of childhood pre-BLL with C-myC rearrangement are poorly understood.Methods: The clinical features, treatment strategies and follow-up information of 9 cases with pre-BLL diagnosed by Shanghai Children's Medical Center affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from 2011 to 2020 were retrospectively analyzed.Results: All the 9 cases were confirmed to be pre-BLL by flow cytometry and fluorescence in situ hybridization, morphological classification were L2/L3, immunophenotype was CD10, CD19 positive, CD20, TDT, CD34 selective expression, surface immunoglobulin (sIgM) negative, Kappa and Lambda light chain negative. Most of the pre-BLL cases were accompanied by elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), uric acid levels. 5 cases received intensive chemotherapy with overlapping regimen, and all achieved sustained remission except for 1 case relapse and death. Among the 4 cases who received low-intensity chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 2 cases died due to early relapse of the disease.Conclusions: Pre-BLL cases are rare. and intensive chemotherapy treatment according to protocols for mature B-cell NHL. Currently, the treatment strategies are still controversial. Considering the small number of cases, multi-center clinical studies should be actively carried out to find a standard treatment plan.
Sustainable forest use of legal origin in the province of Napo Amazonia Ecuador
Authors: Espinosa Germán Congo , Aguirre-Mejía Patricia M. , Villota-González Freddy Hernán , Sulbarán-Rangel Belkis 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The study proposes to analyze the legal use of forest resources in the province of Napo Ecuador during the period of 2011–2015. The data collected was analyzed in three stages: secondary information gathering, systematization of information and interpretation of results. Thereafter, based on the stated objectives, it was possible to obtain: the analysis of legal forest use by program type, plant formation and species used during different years, and the volume of legal forest use. Based on interviews directed to local stakeholders involved in the forestry sector, it was possible to analyze the factors that have influenced the legal use of forest resources. The highest rate for legal forest use was concentrated in simplified forest harvesting programs. Forest utilization in native forest represents 43.62%, in which the year 2011 showed the greatest increase for legal forest use; however, 2012 recorded a drastic decrease, with a slight improvement in 2013, and a continued decline in 2014 and 2015. The species with the highest rate of use was laurel. The variations for legal forest use in the province of Napo are linked to the effectiveness and strengthening of the National Forestry Control System, 2011 was the year with the most effective performance.
Is Deescalation Training Effective in Reducing Violent Incidents in Forensic Psychiatric Settings? – A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: BRENIG DANIEL , GADE PAULINE , VOELLM BIRGIT 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Inpatient violence is a relevant issue in forensic psychiatric settings. Coercive measures are used as a last resort to prevent further harm although they are often regarded as untherapeutic. In order to enable staff to intervene before inpatient violence or other serious incidents occur and thus to avoid coercion, deescalation training programs are being adopted in general as well as forensic mental health settings. There is growing evidence for the efficacy of de-escalation training in general psychiatry. However, there are no reviews evaluating the effectiveness of deescalation training in reducing violent incidents in forensic psychiatric settings. Here we present the first literature review on the effectiveness of de-escalation training in the field of forensic psychiatry.Method: We searched relevant databases for original research on the effectiveness of reducing violence in forensic psychiatric settings. Studies were included if they investigated staff training programs with deescalation techniques in forensic mental health settings.Results: A total of 6 relevant studies were identified. Only one study was a randomized controlled trial. Four studies were before and after comparisons without control group. A one group post-test-only design was used in one study. Methodological quality was low. The maximum sample size was 112 participants. Results indicated some impact of deescalation training on the rate of violent incidents in forensic-psychiatric wards. Moreover, staff felt safer following the training. However, results have to be interpreted cautiously due to methodological limitations. Discussion: Evidence for the effectiveness of deescalation training on violent incidents in forensic settings remains limited. However, positive changes are reported across a variety of outcome measures providing initial indications that deescalation training might contribute to a reduction in aggressive incidents in forensic psychiatry. High quality studies are required to add to the evidence base on this topic.
Solutions to Nonlocal Evolution Equations Governed by Non-autonomous Forms and Demicontinuous Nonlinearities
Authors: Colao Vittorio , Muglia Luigi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We deal with the existence of solutions having L 2 − regularity for a class of non-autonomous evolution equations. Associated with the equation, a general non-local condition is studied. The technique we used combines a finite dimensional reduction together with the Leray-Schauder continuation principle. This approach permits to consider a wide class of nonlinear terms by allowing demicontinuity assumptions on the nonlinearity.
Conclusive Evidence for Cattle Traction in Middle Neolithic Ireland: A Pivotal Element for Resource Exploitation
Authors: Pigière Fabienne , Smyth Jessica 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
While cattle traction is a major technological innovation of the Neolithic period, data are still lacking on the chronology, purposes, and intensity of exploitation. This paper investigates cattle traction in the northwest Atlantic islands for which information is particularly restricted as evidence in Neolithic Britain and Ireland has been so far patchy and inconclusive. Using a suite of methods and refined criteria for traction identification, we present new and robust data on a large faunal assemblage from Kilshane, Co. Dublin that conclusively demonstrate cattle traction in the middle 4th millennium BC in Ireland. Bone pathology data combined with osteometric analysis point out specialised husbandry practices, producing large male, likely oxen, for the purpose of cattle traction. This new technology has important implications for the early agriculture in the region since it provides a key support for more extensive land management practices as well as for megalithic construction, which increased considerably in scale during this period. The access to draught animals and the exploitation of associated resources were most likely at the heart of wider changes that took place in Neolithic society in the second half of the 4th millennium BC.
Conformal and Polarization Adjustable Cloaking Metasurface Utilizing Graphene with Low Radar Cross Section for Terahertz Applications
Authors: K Srilatha , BTP Madhav , Badisa Anilbabu , Das Sudipta , Patel Shobhit Kiritkumar , Parmar Juveriya 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Metamaterials with precisely chosen negative permittivity and permeability are preferable to cloak the target without scattering. In this work, a metasurface is designed by using graphene as conducting material to cloak a target cylinder under the instancing of TM and TE polarized waves in terahertz range of frequencies. The electric sheet impedance and magnetic sheet admittance played the crucial role to achieve the cloaking with good scattering reduction. Various incident angles are simulated and analyzed for obtaining the good radar cross section. The proposed metasurface resonates at three different frequencies in terahertz range of 3.8 THz, 9 THz and 13.8 THz and the bandwidth of the three resonating frequencies are 3.5 to 4.58 THZ, 8.8 to 9.5 THz and 13 to 14.98 THz respectively. In addition, the parametric analysis of chemical potential and relaxation time shows effective results in scattering reduction. The monostatic and bistatic RCS are simulated, which results high scattering reduction under different polarizations of different incident angles. The proposed structure is adjustable to various angle of incidence with less than 40 dB scattering reduction for various selected frequencies.
CombPDX: a unified statistical framework for evaluating drug synergism in patient-derived xenografts
Authors: Huang Licai , Wang Jing , Fang Bingliang , Meric-Bernstam Funda , Roth Jack A. , Ha Min Jin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Anticancer combination therapy has been developed to increase efficacy by enhancing synergy. Patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) have emerged as reliable preclinical models to develop effective treatments in translational cancer research. However, most PDX combination study designs focus on single dose levels, and dose-response surface models are not appropriate for testing synergism. We propose a comprehensive statistical framework to assess joint action of drug combinations from PDX tumor growth curve data. We provide various metrics and robust statistical inference procedures that locally (at a fixed time) and globally (across time) access combination effects under classical drug interaction models. Integrating genomic and pharmacological profiles in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), we have shown the utilities of combPDX in discovering effective therapeutic combinations and relevant biological mechanisms. We provide an interactive web server, combPDX (https://licaih.shinyapps.io/CombPDX/), to analyze PDX tumor growth curve data and perform power analyses.
Hidden pathway for cytokine receptor activation: a marine sponge-derived lectin reveals sugar-mediated thrombopoietin receptor activation
Authors: Watari Hiromi , Kageyama Hiromu , Masubuchi Nami , Nakajima Hiroya , Onodera Kako , Focia Pamela , Oshiro Takumi , Matsui Takashi , Kodera Yoshio , Ogawa Tomohisa , Yokoyama Takeshi , Hirayama Makoto , Hori Kanji , Freymann Douglas , Komatsu Norio , Araki Marito , Tanaka Yoshikazu , Sakai Ryuichi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
N-glycan-mediated activation of the thrombopoietin receptor (MPL) under pathological conditions has been implicated in myeloproliferative neoplasms induced by mutant calreticulin, which forms an endogenous receptor-agonist complex that traffics to the cell surface and constitutively activates the receptor. However, the molecular basis for this mechanism is elusive because oncogenic activation occurs only in the cell-intrinsic complex and is thus cannot be replicated with external agonists. Here, we describe the structure and function of a marine sponge-derived MPL agonist, thrombocorticin (ThC), a homodimerized lectin with calcium-dependent fucose-binding properties. In-depth characterization of lectin-induced activation showed that, similar to oncogenic activation, sugar chain-mediated activation persists due to limited receptor internalization. The strong synergy between ThC and thrombopoietin suggests that ThC catalyzes the formation of receptor dimers on the cell surface. Overall, the existence of sugar-mediated MPL activation, in which the mode of activation is different from the original ligand, suggests that receptor activation is unpredictably diverse in living organisms.
Construction of CeRNA Regulatory Network based on WGCNA Reveals Diagnosis Biomarkers for Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Xiang Jun , Jing HaoYu , Liu Yun Xiao , Wang HuFei , Chang ZeWen , Liu ShiHao , Yu Lei , Wang GuiYu , Gao Li 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancer is the third primary cause of death among cancers in the world. Although improvements in various treatments have greatly improved the survival time of colorectal cancer patients, since colorectal cancer is often at an advanced stage when diagnosed, the prognosis of patients still very poor. Since the ceRNA regulatory network was proposed in 2011, it has greatly promoted the study of the molecular mechanism ofcolorectal cancer occurrence and development. Objective: Exploring the new molecular mechanism of the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer, and providing new targets for the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer. Method: We analyzed the colorectal cancer RNA-seq data in TCGA, such as, difference analysis, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and construction of ceRNA regulatory network,et.al. Results: Eventually, 19 hub genes with significant prognostic significance were identified in the ceRNA regulatory network, including 8 lncRNAs, 2 mRNAs and 9 miRNAs.These hub genes constitute the lncRNA-miRNA, miRNA-mRNA and lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory axis.Some of these ceRNA regulatory axes have been confirmed to exist in colorectal cancer or other cancers. Conclusion: In this article, some new ceRNA regulatory axes have been discovered, which provides new molecular mechanisms for the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer, thereby providing new targets for clinical diagnosis and treatment.