bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictable Financial Crises
Authors: GREENWOOD ROBIN , HANSON SAMUEL G. , SHLEIFER ANDREI , SØRENSEN JAKOB AHM 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTUsing historical data on postwar financial crises around the world, we show that the combination of rapid credit and asset price growth over the prior three years, whether in the nonfinancial business or the household sector, is associated with a 40% probability of entering a financial crisis within the next three years. This compares with a roughly 7% probability in normal times, when neither credit nor asset price growth is elevated. Our evidence challenges the view that financial crises are unpredictable “bolts from the sky” and supports the Kindleberger‐Minsky view that crises are the byproduct of predictable, boom‐bust credit cycles. This predictability favors policies that lean against incipient credit‐market booms.
Racism and oral health equity in the United States: Identifying its effects and providing future directions
Authors: Borrell Luisa N. , Williams David R. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWhile racial/ethnic oral health inequities have been documented for many years in the United States, the potential role of racism has not been examined until recently. In fact, the common practice has been to attribute racial/ethnic disparities in oral health to low socioeconomic position and/or the lack of access to care. In contrast, racism is considered a fundamental cause of a broad range of adverse health outcomes for racial/ethnic minorities. Emerging evidence on oral health suggests that racism can affect access to oral health and clinical decision‐making by acting as a social determinant of health (SDoH). Specifically, SDoHs may affect access to quality dental care due to the lack of dental insurance, low dentist‐population ratio in racial/ethnic minority communities and the lack of diversity in the dental profession. We describe potential mechanisms through which racism can affect important SDoHs that are essential to oral health equity, outline recommendations to mitigate its existing negative effects and propose interventions to minimize pathogenic effects of racism on oral health outcomes in the population.
Factors associated with prolonged episodes of mechanical restraint in mental health hospitalization units in Andalusia
Authors: Guzmán‐Parra José , Aguilera‐Serrano Carlos , Huizing Evelyn , Bono del Trigo Aguila , Villagrán José María , Hurtado Melero Verónica , García‐Sanchez Juan Antonio , Mayoral‐Cleries Fermín 
Published: January 2022

Accessible SummaryWhat is known on the subject?

Risk factors associated with prolonged episodes of mechanical restraint and other coercive measures are understudied.

There have been no studies of this phenomenon in the context of the Andalusian public health system.

Knowledge about factors associated with prolonged episodes is essential to increase the understanding of this phenomenon and develop strategies to reduce its occurrence.

What does this paper add to existing knowledge?

In Andalusia, prolonged restraint is still frequent and varies depending on the unit.

It is associated with less time since admission, male gender, diagnosis, reason for restraint and the shift on which it was initiated.

What are the implications for practice?

Interventions at the level of the units could be necessary to prevent prolonged episodes of mechanical restraint.

The results suggest the need for stricter control during the shifts on which restraint starts, especially in the first days after the patient's admission.

Preventive risk assessment considering clinical and sociodemographic risk factors could help to reduce prolonged restraint.

AbstractIntroductionFactors associated with prolonged episodes of mechanical restraint and other coercive interventions are not clearly established and have been not studied in Andalusia (Spain).AimTo study factors associated with prolonged episodes of mechanical restraint.MethodWe analysed retrospectively episodes of mechanical restraint (N = 6267, prolonged episode >9.5 hours) in all public mental health hospitalization units (N = 20, 535 beds) that offer health coverage for the autonomous community of Andalusia. The data came from clinical records. A multivariable mixed logistic regression was used.ResultsIn Andalusia, prolonged restraint is still frequent and varies depending on the unit. It is associated with less time since admission, male gender, diagnosis, reason for restraint and the shift on which it was initiated.DiscussionThe results provide evidence that prolonged episodes largely depend on the unit where they occur and that stricter control and regulation are necessary to prevent prolonged episodes.Implications for practiceInterventions at the level of the unit are necessary. Stricter control in the shifts during which there is more risk of prolonged restraint may be necessary, especially in the first days following admission.
Implied license doctrine in copyright law: A typological framework
Authors: Zhang Hongjiao , Chen Fanhong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTo strike the post‐grant balance of interests between copyright owners and users, this paper defines three normative types of implied licenses. The typological framework recognizes a hierarchical degree of deference to copyright owners' intent, such that its function varies from the high degree of deference in the opt‐in system to the intermediate degree of the opt‐out system, down to the lowest degree of the nonoption system. The three systems in this framework, working on a sliding scale, reflect and further the flexibility of the doctrine. Moreover, given the complexity of weighing the conflicting interests of copyright owners and users, a prescription for elements to be considered, taken from existing cases and the function of the doctrine, is required to slide the application of the doctrine from one type to another. In this way, a greater degree of certainty of the doctrine is improved and the predictability of judicial decisions is increased.
Structural Advocacy Organizations and Intersectional Outcomes: Effects of Women's Police Stations on Female Homicides
Authors: Arvate Paulo , Cabral Sandro , Mcgahan Anita M. , Reis Paulo Ricardo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBy introducing the concept of “structural advocacy organizations,” this study theorizes and tests the boundary conditions within which organizations designed to protect the rights of disenfranchised groups promote structural changes at the intersection of gender and race. We test these claims on Brazil's “women's police stations,” a type of structural advocacy organization with greater female representation on staff and with specialized procedures and an institutional mandate to address violence against women. The analysis indicates that homicides are lower among the population of women in municipalities which have women's police stations. However, within this group, homicides committed against women who self‐identify as “black” and “brown” are lower only in municipalities that are characterized by high levels of female education and in metropolitan areas with infrastructure development. The results suggest that improving intersectional outcomes for women who are disenfranchised on race requires complementary policies and institutional mandates to address racialized violence.
Trade‐offs and the precautionary principle: A lexicographic utility approach
Authors: Steel Daniel , Bartha Paul 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe precautionary principle is often argued to be irrational because it cannot adequately explain how resources should be distributed across multiple possible catastrophes or between catastrophic and noncatastrophic risks. We address this problem of trade‐offs by extending a recently proposed formal interpretation of the precautionary principle (PP) within a lexical utility framework and using it to prove results about which distribution of resources maximizes lexical utility when several catastrophic risks exist, given different assumptions. We also explain how our lexical utility interpretation of PP can recommend balanced distributions of resources between disaster prevention and other concerns.
A review of electronic medical records and safe transfusion practice for guideline development
Authors: Crispin Philip , Akers Christine , Brown Kristen , Delaforce Alana , Keegan Anastazia , King Fiona , Ormerod Amanda , Verrall Trudi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesElectronic medical records (EMRs) are often composed of multiple interlinking systems, each serving a particular task, including transfusion ordering and administration. Transfusion may not be prioritized when developing or implementing electronic platforms. Uniform guidelines may assist information technology (IT) developers, institutions and healthcare workforces to progress with shared goals.Materials and MethodsA narrative review of current clinical guidance, benefits and risks of electronic systems for clinical transfusion practice was combined with feedback from experienced transfusion practitioners.ResultsThere is opportunity to improve the safety, quality and efficiency of transfusion practice, particularly through decision support and better identification procedures, by incorporating transfusion practice into EMRs. However, these benefits should not be assumed, as poorly designed processes within the electronic systems and the critically important electronic–human process interfaces may increase risk while creating the impression of safety.ConclusionGuidelines should enable healthcare and IT industries to work constructively together so that each implementation provides assurance of safe practice.
Quantitative Analyses of Collective Cell Motion on the Patterned Surfaces
Authors: Xu Xiangyu , Xu Jiayi , Li Xiaojun , Song Jizhou , Li Dechang , Ji Baohua 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Collective cell motion is crucial for various physiological and pathological processes, and it highly relies on physical factors in cell microenvironment. However, a quantitative understanding of the effect of the physical factors remains lacking. Here, we studied the collective motion of cells on patterned matrixes with experimental study and numerical simulation by quantitatively analyzing the features of cell collective motion. We found that the collectivity of cell motion is size-dependent. The cells have high collectivity on a small pattern, while they lose the collectivity on the large one. The geometry of the pattern also influences the collective motion by regulating the velocity distribution in the cell layer. Interestingly, the cell density can significantly influence the collective motion by changing the active stress of the cells. For a quantitative understanding of the mechanisms of the effect of these physical factors, we adopted a coarse-grained cell model that considers the active contraction of cells by introducing cell active stress in the model based on the traction-distance law. Our numerical simulation predicted not only the cell velocity, cell collectivity, and cell polarization, but also the stress distribution in the cell layer. The consistency between the numerical predictions and experimental results reveals the relationship between the pattern of collective cell motion and the stress distribution in the cell layer, which sheds light on the studies of tissue engineering for biomedical applications.
Parameter Identification of an Abrasive Manufacturing Process With Machine Learning of Measured Surface Topography Information
Authors: Schmidt Samuel , Eifler Matthias , Issel Jan Cedric , de Payrebrune Kristin M. , Ströer Felix , Karatas Abdullah , Seewig Jörg 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The correlation between manufacturing parameters and the resulting surface topography is most often described with standardized profile surface texture parameters (R-parameters). However, in many cases, they represent a strong simplification as the most common parameters are often neither function-oriented nor unambiguously correlated with the manufacturing parameters. Therefore, we investigate whether a neural network is a suitable alternative to establish a more comprehensive correlation between the surface topography and the manufacturing parameters. The learned correlation provides possibilities to be used for subsequent monitoring of the manufacturing process. Our approach is to predict the manufacturing parameters from a measured topography dataset with a convolutional neural network as a regression model. As the training of neural networks requires large amounts of data, stochastic surface models are applied to generate artificial profiles and thus increase the available amount of data. The prediction accuracy and consequently its correlation with the manufacturing parameters are evaluated for a case study of an abrasive process. In this case study, it is first determined whether artificial or measured profiles and which of their representations (frequency or time dependent) provide the best information to train the network. The network featuring the most reliable prediction of the manufacturing parameters is then used for further analysis. By comparing this network with a linear regression model between manufacturing parameters and R-parameters, its performance is benchmarked and can be suggested as a suitable alternative to predict and monitor manufacturing parameters based on the measured surface topography.
Using Physics-Informed Generative Adversarial Networks to Perform Super-Resolution for Multiphase Fluid Simulations
Authors: Li Matthew , McComb Christopher 
Published: January 2022

AbstractComputational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations are useful in the field of engineering design as they provide deep insights on product or system performance without the need to construct and test physical prototypes. However, they can be very computationally intensive to run. Machine learning methods have been shown to reconstruct high-resolution single-phase turbulent fluid flow simulations from low-resolution inputs. This offers a potential avenue towards alleviating computational cost in iterative engineering design applications. However, little work thus far has explored the application of machine learning image super-resolution methods to multiphase fluid flow (which is important for emerging fields such as marine hydrokinetic energy conversion). In this work, we apply a modified version of the super-resolution generative adversarial network (SRGAN) model to a multiphase turbulent fluid flow problem, specifically to reconstruct fluid phase fraction at a higher resolution. Two models were created in this work, one which incorporates a physics-informed term in the loss function and one which does not, and the results are discussed and compared. We found that both models significantly outperform non-machine learning upsampling methods and can preserve a substantial amount of detail, showing the versatility of the SRGAN model for upsampling multiphase fluid simulations. However, the difference in accuracy between the two models is minimal indicating that, in the context studied here, the additional complexity of a physics-informed approach may not be justified.
Roll–Yaw Lock: Aerodynamic Motion Instabilities of Floating Offshore Wind Turbines
Authors: Haslum Herbjørn , Marley Mathias , Navalkar Sachin Tejwant , Skaare Bjørn , Maljaars Nico , Andersen Haakon S. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This article presents an investigation of a newly discovered motion instability phenomenon for floating wind turbines, first observed in numerical aero-hydro-servo-elastic simulations. The source of instability is identified as antisymmetric aerodynamic stiffness coupling terms in roll and yaw caused by the turbine thrust force. Analytical expressions for the roll–yaw and yaw–roll stiffness coupling terms are derived, using the actuator disk analogy of the rotor plane. It is demonstrated that a two degrees-of-freedom linear equation of motion without explicit external forcing qualitatively captures the instability. Based on this model, an analytical stability criteria is derived. An intuitive physical explanation of the phenomena is provided, considering the energy flow of the system. An important finding is that dissipative forces, in the form of aerodynamic and hydrodynamic damping, are needed to fully explain the observed instability. It is demonstrated, counterintuitively, that increased damping in yaw reduces the stability margin. This is explained by the fact that dissipative forces result in a phase difference between the harmonic roll and yaw motion in the coupled roll–yaw modes.
Lubrication Characteristics of Water-Lubricated Rubber Bearings Based on an Improved Algorithm of the Mass Conservation Boundary Condition
Authors: Liu Gang , Li Ming 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Water-lubricated rubber bearings (WLRBs) are widely used in the propulsion systems of ships and military crafts. Based on the mass conservation boundary condition, the elastohydrodynamic lubrication model of WLRBs is established after considering the elastic deformation of the rubber liner and solved by the finite difference method. An improved algorithm is proposed to track the mass conservation boundary. For the first time, the algorithm allocates independent finite difference grids for the film pressure and fluid fraction to overcome the instability issues and to ensure the flow conservation of each grid cell. The accuracy and stability of the algorithm are verified by the experimental data in the literature, comparison of film pressures calculated by two different finite difference schemes, and flowrate calculations of two different bearings. The lubrication characteristics under the mass conversation boundary condition are compared with classical boundary conditions. The results indicate that the film pressure distribution, velocity distribution, and size and shape of the cavitation zone vary greatly under different boundary conditions in the clearance divergence region. The bearing capacity, attitude angle, and friction force under the mass conservation boundary condition are the largest; those under the double Reynolds boundary condition are smaller; and those under the Reynolds boundary condition are the smallest.
Characterization of Annular Cement Permeability of a Logged Well Section Using Pressure–Pulse Decay Measurements
Authors: Skadsem Hans Joakim 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The cement behind casings is an important barrier element in wells that should provide zonal isolation along the well. The hardened cement does not always isolate permeable formations, either due to placement issues or loads that over time compromise the integrity of the barrier. The modern method used to characterize the annular material is ultrasonic logging which provides essential information concerning the type of material behind casing, but no measurement of the annular permeability. This study provides permeability characterization of a casing-cement sandwich joint retrieved from a 33 years old production well that has been logged at surface using a state-of-the-art ultrasonic tool. The joint contains an interval of low-permeable cement that previously has prevented permeability measurement by gas injection. A pressure–pulse decay test method has now been performed that is based on monitoring the evolution of a pressure pulse through the joint. Long-term pressure measurements show communication through the entire joint and are in qualitative agreement with the log. A pressure diffusion model is used to estimate local permeability along the joint, enabling comparison of log response and permeability. The low-permeable region is relatively short, situated directly on top of a casing collar, and has permeability that is orders of magnitude lower than the cement above and below. In the longer term, results from this and related studies can be used as input for future sustained casing pressure evaluations or for quantifying seepage risk behind casings for abandonment designs.
Severe neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia: lessons learnt from a national perinatal audit
Authors: van der Geest Berthe A M , Rosman Ageeth N , Bergman Klasien A , Smit Bert J , Dijk Peter H , Been Jasper V , Hulzebos Christian V 
Published: January 2022

ObjectivesTo describe characteristics of neonates with severe neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia (SNH) and to gain more insight in improvable factors that may have contributed to the development of SNH.Design and settingDescriptive study, based on national Dutch perinatal audit data on SNH from 2017 to 2019.PatientsNeonates, born ≥35 weeks of gestation and without antenatally known severe blood group incompatibility, who developed hyperbilirubinaemia above the exchange transfusion threshold.Main outcome measuresCharacteristics of neonates having SNH and corresponding improvable factors.ResultsDuring the 3-year period, 109 neonates met the eligibility criteria. ABO antagonism was the most frequent cause (43%). All neonates received intensive phototherapy and 30 neonates (28%) received an exchange transfusion. Improvable factors were mainly related to lack of knowledge, poor adherence to the national hyperbilirubinaemia guideline, and to incomplete documentation and insufficient communication of the a priori hyperbilirubinaemia risk assessment among healthcare providers. A priori risk assessment, a key recommendation in the national hyperbilirubinaemia guideline, was documented in only six neonates (6%).ConclusionsSNH remains a serious threat to neonatal health in the Netherlands. ABO antagonism frequently underlies SNH. Lack of compliance to the national guideline including insufficient a priori hyperbilirubinaemia risk assessment, and communication among healthcare providers are important improvable factors. Implementation of universal bilirubin screening and better documentation of the risk of hyperbilirubinaemia may enhance early recognition of potentially dangerous neonatal jaundice.