bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In situ remediation of metal(loid)-contaminated lake sediments with alkali-activated blast furnace slag granule amendment: A field experiment
Authors: Laukkanen Johanna , Takaluoma Esther , Runtti Hanna , Mäkinen Jari , Kauppila Tommi , Hellsten Seppo , Luukkonen Tero , Lassi Ulla 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Adsorbent amendment to contaminated sediments is one in situ remediation method to decrease the bioaccessibility of pollutants from the sediments. In this work, alkali-activated blast furnace slag (BFS) granules were used in a field experiment at Lake Kivijärvi (Finland). The lake was heavily affected by a mining accident in 2012, which released a significant peak load of metals and sulfate. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the performance of the novel amendment material for in situ remediation in real conditions with a preliminary cost estimation.

Methods
Alkali-activated BFS granules were prepared and characterized for composition, microstructure, and surface properties. Two mesocosms were placed in the lake: one with granule dosing and another without. Sediment and pore water samples were collected after a two-week period. Similar small-scale experiment was performed in laboratory with a three-month duration. Bioaccessibility of metals from sediments was assessed with a three-stage leaching procedure.

Results
The granules were effective in decreasing the mobility of Fe, Zn, Ni, and Cr in all leaching stages by approximately 50–90% in comparison with unamended sediment in the mesocosm experiment. Laboratory-scale incubation experiments also indicated decreased release of Ba, Co, Ni, Al, Fe, Mg, Mn and S. The estimated material costs were lower than the removal of the contaminated sediments with dredging and off-site treatment.

Conclusion
The results showed preliminarily the effectiveness of alkaline-activated BFS in the remediation of metal-contaminated sediments in a field experiment. However, topics requiring further study are the leaching of trace elements from the material and impact on the sediment pH.
The Importance of Boundary Objects in Industry-Academia Collaborations to Support Evidencing the Efficacy of Educational Technology
Authors: Weatherby Kristen , Clark-Wilson Alison , Cukurova Mutlu , Luckin Rose 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe context of a 2.5 year academia-led programme for the educational technology sector in the United Kingdom is used to explore the role of logic models as boundary objects to support the programme objectives. The programme provided educational research training and mentoring to participants from 252 small and medium-sized enterprises to support them with the use of existing and self-generated evidence of the efficacy of their educational technologies. Participants from a deliberate sample of six enterprises were interviewed to elicit their perceptions of the process through which the creation and use of a logic model for their product or service did or did not become a useful tool to support their research and business goals. The results suggest that logic models have vital roles as boundary objects in this context, such as supporting communication, learning, and product development. The study offers a first-case example of how logic models can be used in the design of educational technology, responding to the call for research in this area. A discussion on the challenges associated with the use of the logic model in the context of the project concludes the article.
Within-Track Differentiation and Leisure Activities as Strategies of Distinction
Authors: Sawert Tim , Bachsleitner Anna 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe socially inclusive educational expansion during the last few decades in Germany diluted the previous “elite” status of the Gymnasium and its certificate, the Abitur. In the absence of explicit “elite” institutions, unlike the UK, the USA or France, the question remains how social privilege is intergenerationally transferred in times of educational expansion? Several studies on this topic focused on distinction either through horizontal educational differentiation or via distinctive leisure activities. Building on Bourdieu’s theory of distinction and Lareau’s study on child-rearing practices, we argue that it is the set of different strategies of distinction that serves as a mechanism to reproduce privilege. Hence, we ask the question how parents’ and grandparents’ educational background influences the probability of applying a whole set of distinctive strategies. To test our assumptions, we use data from the youth questionnaire of the German Socio-Economic panel and analyse the effect of educational background on the application of distinctive educational strategies and distinctive leisure practices and the combination of both domains. The results indicate three main findings: first, having parents with an academic education increases the probability of applying any of the distinctive strategies under consideration. Second, having academically educated grandparents increases the probability of combining distinctive strategies within one domain. Third, the data do not support the assumption that the combination of curricular and leisure practices is particularly socially stratified.
Extracellular Vesicles of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Can be Taken Up by Microglial Cells and Partially Prevent the Stimulation Induced by β-amyloid
Authors: Kaniowska Dorota , Wenk Kerstin , Rademacher Phil , Weiss Ronald , Fabian Claire , Schulz Isabell , Guthardt Max , Lange Franziska , Greiser Sebastian , Schmidt Matthias , Braumann Ulf-Dietrich , Emmrich Frank , Koehl Ulrike , Jaimes Yarúa 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) have great capacity for immune regulation. MSCs provide protective paracrine effects, which are partially exerted by extracellular vesicles (EVs). It has been reported that MSCs-derived EVs (MSC-EVs) contain soluble factors, such as cytokines, chemokines, growth factors and even microRNAs, which confer them similar anti-inflammatory and regenerative effects to MSCs. Moreover, MSCs modulate microglia activation through a dual mechanism of action that relies both on cell contact and secreted factors. Microglia cells are the central nervous system immune cells and the main mediators of the inflammation leading to neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we investigated whether MSC-EVs affect the activation of microglia cells by β-amyloid aggregates. We show that the presence of MSC-EVs can prevent the upregulation of pro-inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and nitric oxide (NO). Both are up-regulated in neurodegenerative diseases representing chronic inflammation, as in Alzheimer’s disease. We demonstrate that MSC-EVs are internalized by the microglia cells. Further, our study supports the use of MSC-EVs as a promising therapeutic tool to treat neuroinflammatory diseases.Significance StatementIt has been reported that mesenchymal stromal/stem cells and MSC-derived small extracellular vesicles have therapeutic effects in the treatment of various degenerative and inflammatory diseases. Extracellular vesicles are loaded with proteins, lipids and RNA and act as intercellular communication mediators. Here we show that extracellular vesicles can be taken up by murine microglial cells. In addition, they partially reduce the activation of microglial cells against β-amyloid aggregates. This inhibition of microglia activation may present an effective strategy for the control/therapy of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease.
Graphic Abstract
Mesenchymal Stem Cells From Mouse Hair Follicles Reduce Hypertrophic Scarring in a Murine Wound Healing Model
Authors: Li Hanluo , Ziemer Mirjana , Stojanovic Ivana , Saksida Tamara , Maksimovic-Ivanic Danijela , Mijatovic Sanja , Djmura Goran , Gajic Dragica , Koprivica Ivan , Krajnovic Tamara , Draca Dijana , Simon Jan-Christoph , Lethaus Bernd , Savkovic Vuk 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWound healing of acute full-thickness injuries and chronic non-healing ulcers leads to delayed wound closure, prolonged recovery period and hypertrophic scarring, generating a demand for an autologous cell therapy and a relevant pre-clinical research models for wound healing. In this study, an immunocompetent model for wound healing was employed using a syngeneic murine cell line of mesenchymal stem cells cultured from the mouse whisker hair follicle outer root sheath (named moMSCORS). moMSCORS were isolated using an air-liquid interface method, expanded in vitro and characterized according to the MSC definition criteria - cell viability, in vitro proliferation, MSC phenotype and multi-lineage differentiations. Moreover, upon applying moMSCORS in an in vivo full-thickness wound model in the syngeneic C57BL/6 mice, the treated wounds displayed different morphology to that of the untreated wound beds. Quantitative evaluation of angiogenesis, granulation and wound closure involving clinical scoring and software-based quantification indicated a lower degree of inflammation in the treated wounds. Histological staining of treated wounds by the means of H&E, Alcian Blue, PicroSirius Red and αSMA immune labelling showed lower cellularity, less collagen filaments as well as thinner dermal and epidermal layers compared with the untreated wounds, indicating a general reduction of hypertrophic scars. The decreased inflammation, accelerated wound closure and non-hypertrophic scarring, which were facilitated by moMSCORS, hereby address a common problem of hypertrophic scars and non-physiological tissue properties upon wound closure, and additionally offer an in vivo model for the autologous cell-based wound healing.
Graphic Abstract
Positieve beoordeling van de zorg weinig veranderd tijdens de coronapandemie, maar nog altijd ruimte voor verbetering
Authors: Menting Juliane , Scheffer Mariska , Spreeuwenberg Peter , van Schelven Femke 
Published: January 2022

Samenvatting
Inleiding
Het meten van patiëntervaringen geeft belangrijke inzichten in de kwaliteit van de Nederlandse gezondheidszorg. Het huidige onderzoek toetst in hoeverre de ervaren kwaliteit van zorg door de jaren heen is veranderd en hoe deze samenhangt met veranderingen in zorg en gezondheid tijdens de coronapandemie.

Methode
Patiëntervaringen zijn verzameld met tevredenheidsoordelen en de kwaliteitsindicator PREM Chronische Zorg, onder een representatieve steekproef van mensen met een chronische ziekte. Trendanalyses (2016–2020) zijn uitgevoerd en verschillen tussen subgroepen zijn getoetst met Mann-Whitney U‑toetsen.

Resultaten
De kwaliteit van de zorg wordt over het algemeen positief ervaren, ook tijdens de coronapandemie in het najaar van 2020. In dat jaar zijn mensen het minst tevreden over de afstemming tussen zorgverleners en over de preventieve begeleiding van hun ziekte (respectievelijk 64% en 67% is (helemaal) tevreden). Trendanalyses laten zien dat de tevredenheid over preventieve begeleiding is gedaald en dat de tevredenheid over gezamenlijke besluitvorming door de jaren heen schommelt. Mensen die gevolgen van de coronapandemie ervaren voor hun zorg of gezondheid beoordelen aspecten van de gezondheidszorg minder positief dan diegenen die geen gevolgen ervaren.

Conclusie
Het is belangrijk om aandacht te hebben voor patiëntervaringen met zorgprocessen, waarbij extra nadruk zou moeten liggen op informatie over preventie, ondersteuning bij veranderingen in de gezondheid en de behandeling tijdens de coronapandemie, en goede afstemming tussen zorgverleners.
No matter what the name, we’re all the same? Examining ethnic online discrimination in ridesharing marketplaces
Authors: Abramova Olga 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSharing marketplaces emerged as the new Holy Grail of value creation by enabling exchanges between strangers. Identity reveal, encouraged by platforms, cuts both ways: While inducing pre-transaction confidence, it is suspected of backfiring on the information senders with its discriminative potential. This study employs a discrete choice experiment to explore the role of names as signifiers of discriminative peculiarities and the importance of accompanying cues in peer choices of a ridesharing offer. We quantify users’ preferences for quality signals in monetary terms and evidence comparative disadvantage of Middle Eastern descent male names for drivers and co-travelers. It translates into a lower willingness to accept and pay for an offer. Market simulations confirm the robustness of the findings. Further, we discover that females are choosier and include more signifiers of involuntary personal attributes in their decision-making. Price discounts and positive information only partly compensate for the initial disadvantage, and identity concealment is perceived negatively.
Prevention of Recurrent Childhood Caries with Probiotic Supplements: A Randomized Controlled Trial with a 12-Month Follow-Up
Authors: Hasslöf P. , Granqvist L. , Stecksén-Blicks C. , Twetman S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of drops containing probiotic bacteria on the recurrence of dental caries in preschool children. The study employed a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded design with two parallel arms. 38 preschool children were enrolled after comprehensive restorative treatment under general anesthesia or conscious sedation (baseline), and they were followed up after 6 and 12 months. Parents of children in the test group were instructed to give 5 daily drops containing two strains of Limosilactobacillus reuteri (DSM 17938 and ATCC PTA 5289) at bedtime. The placebo drops were identically composed but lacked bacteria. The duration of the intervention was 12 months. The primary endpoint was recurrence of new caries lesions on subject level (yes/no), and secondary endpoints were presence of dental plaque and gingivitis. We found high rate of recurrent moderate and extensive lesions after 12 months (67%) but there were no significant differences between the groups. We observed no beneficial effects on dental plaque or gingival inflammation. The findings were however uncertain and inconclusive due to lack of power, a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic. ClinTrials.gov Identifier: (NCT04929340), June 18, 2021; retrospectively registered.
Test–retest reliability of arterial spin labelling for cerebral blood flow in older adults with small vessel disease
Authors: Binnie Lauren R. , Pauls Mathilde M. H. , Benjamin Philip , Dhillon Mohani-Preet K. , Betteridge Shai , Clarke Brian , Ghatala Rita , Hainsworth Fearghal A. H. , Howe Franklyn A. , Khan Usman , Kruuse Christina , Madigan Jeremy B. , Moynihan Barry , Patel Bhavini , Pereira Anthony C. , Rostrup Egill , Shtaya Anan B. Y. , Spilling Catherine A. , Trippier Sarah , Williams Rebecca , Isaacs Jeremy D. , Barrick Thomas R. , Hainsworth Atticus H. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is common in older people and is associated with lacunar stroke, white matter hyperintensities (WMH) and vascular cognitive impairment. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) is reduced in SVD, particularly within white matter.Here we quantified test–retest reliability in CBF measurements using pseudo-continuous arterial spin labelling (pCASL) in older adults with clinical and radiological evidence of SVD (N=54, mean (SD): 66.9 (8.7) years, 15 females/39 males). We generated whole-brain CBF maps on two visits at least 7 days apart (mean (SD): 20 (19), range 7-117 days).Test–retest reliability for CBF was high in all tissue types, with intra-class correlation coefficient [95%CI]: 0.758 [0.616, 0.852] for whole brain, 0.842 [0.743, 0.905] for total grey matter, 0.771 [0.636, 0.861] for deep grey matter (caudate-putamen and thalamus), 0.872 [0.790, 0.923] for normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) and 0.780 [0.650, 0.866] for WMH (all p<0.001). ANCOVA models indicated significant decline in CBF in total grey matter, deep grey matter and NAWM with increasing age and diastolic blood pressure (all p<0.001). CBF was lower in males relative to females (p=0.013 for total grey matter, p=0.004 for NAWM).We conclude that pCASL has high test–retest reliability as a quantitative measure of CBF in older adults with SVD. These findings support the use of pCASL in routine clinical imaging and as a clinical trial endpoint.All data come from the PASTIS trial, prospectively registered at: https://eudract.ema.europa.eu (2015-001235-20, registered 13/05/2015), http://www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02450253, registered 21/05/2015).
Tutorial. A Behavioral Analysis of Rationality, Nudging, and Boosting: Implications for Policymaking
Authors: Tagliabue Marco 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAs recent trends in policymaking call for increased contributions from behavioral science, nudging and boosting represent two effective and relatively economic approaches for influencing choice behavior. They utilize concepts from behavioral economics to affect agents’ concurrent suboptimal choices: in principle, without applying coercion. However, most choice situations involve some coercive elements. This study features a functional analysis of rationality, nudging, and boosting applied to public policy. The relationship between behavior and environmental variables is termed a “behavioral contingency,” and the analysis can include social and cultural phenomena by applying a selectionist perspective. Principles of behavioral control, whether tight or loose, may be exerted by policymakers or regulators who subscribe to paternalistic principles and may be met with demands of libertarianism among their recipients. This warrants discussion of the legitimacy and likelihood of behavioral control and influence on choices. Cases and examples are provided for extending the unit of analysis of choice behavior to achieve outcomes regulated by policies at the individual and group levels, including health, climate, and education. Further research and intervention comprise the study of macrocontingencies and metacontingencies. Advancing the understanding and application of behavioral science to policymaking may, therefore, benefit from moving from the relatively independent contributions of behavioral economics and behavior analysis to an inclusive selectionist approach for addressing choice behavior and cultural practices.
Promoting Fair Private Governance in the Platform Economy: EU Competition and Contract Law Applied to Standard Terms
Authors: RUTGERS Jacobien , SAUTER Wolf 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn recent years, a platform economy has emerged that is dominated by undertakings such as Google, Amazon, Facebook, Apple, and Microsoft. They have established a form of private governance vis-à-vis their consumers and customers by means of standard terms that create a risk of exploitation. This trend clashes with the internal market effort of the EU that is predicated on consumer rights and fair competition to address market failures such as market power, information asymmetry, and asymmetrical contractual dependency. In this article we examine how the resulting tensions can be addressed by means of EU competition and contract law. This is based on enforcing fairness by requiring (1) the implementation of proportionality—balancing interests—and (2) respect of the duty of care, in the sense of compliance by design. Jointly this can be seen as an expression of accountability that needs to be made explicit. Apart from pre-existing case law and legislation, we take into account the December 2020 Commission proposals for platform regulation, as well as behavioural insights into consumer behaviour.
Analyzing The Risk Thresholds For Banning Political Parties After NPD II
Authors: Hogan James 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe recent global growth of anti-democratic sentiment has renewed the question of when a political party should be barred from the electoral arena. In modern democracies, even explicitly militant ones, constitutional mechanisms for banning political parties are rarely used. The recent decision by the German Federal Constitutional Court (BVerfG) not to ban the National Democratic Party, despite its neo-Nazi platform, is an example of this restraint, with the BVerfG introducing a new, stricter criterion called “potentiality” for the dissolution of a political party under the German Basic Law. This article draws on neo-institutionalism and comparative constitutional law to explore the democratic ramifications of three different European thresholds for banning an anti-democratic political party: the presumptive test previously used by the BVerfG, the new potentiality criterion introduced by the BVerfG, and the European Court of Human Rights’ requirement for the party in question to be an imminent threat before it can be dissolved.
Popular Sovereignty After Brexit
Authors: Daly Eoin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe Brexit referendum highlights the apparently anomalous role of the “people” in the constitutional order of the United Kingdom. Politically speaking, its verdict is acknowledged as unassailable and unaccountable, yet this “sovereign” status has no legal grounds. In turn, some commentators have argued that this discrepancy between “political” and “legal” understandings of popular sovereignty—or the failure to properly institutionalize popular sovereignty in a legal-constitutional form—represents a distinct site of constitutional crisis in its own right. However, I argue that such claims of constitutional anomaly, or of British exceptionalism in this regard, are misplaced. While the Brexit scenario seems to express the destabilizing and disruptive potential of a popular sovereign that exceeds or evades constitutional recognition, this is in no sense a peculiarity of the British constitutional order. By its nature, popular sovereignty is inexhaustible by constitutional recognition, and so it tends to retain such disruptive potential regardless of whatever constitutional form it is assigned. Thus, critics of the British constitutional status quo overestimate the capacity of constitutional law in general to regulate or domesticate the expression of popular sovereignty via referendums.
Inactivation of replication-competent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on common surfaces by disinfectants
Authors: Pope Zachary C. , Weisend Carla M. , Shah Aditya , Ebihara Hideki , Rizza Stacey A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis experimental laboratory-based study evaluated two disinfectants’ efficacy against replication-competent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) on three surfaces. Disinfectants were effictive at eliminating the presence, viability, and subsequent replication of SARS-CoV-2 on all surfaces. Although SARS-CoV-2 likely spreads primarily via airborne transmission, layered mitigation should include high-touch surface disinfection.
Inscribing Grievances, Litigation, and Local Community in Eighteenth-Century Korea
Authors: Kim Jungwon 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAs existing scholarship demonstrates, although the Chosŏn state (1392–1910) aimed to be a society “without litigation,” people understood the use of law and employed it to resolve various disputes in the local community. At the same time, a plethora of legal cases reveal that many parties chose alternative ways of airing their grievances rather than going directly to the local court. Centered on the eighteenth-century litigation over a case of attempted rape, this article examines the complex, multifaceted factors that influenced people's use of different strategies to appeal their justice at the local level. It asks what resources ordinary people in the late Chosŏn had in navigating legal conflicts, how they strategized over the choices they had, and why they finally exercised particular options when trying to win their cases. Investigating these questions, this article not only offers insights into the meaning of litigation that entailed strenuous document preparation to inscribe grievance, but also probes the impulses of individual actors in the legal terrain when attempting to achieve their goals through the dynamics of social interactions and existing resources in eighteenth-century Korea.