bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrating Model-Based Design of Mechatronic Systems with Domain-Specific Design Approaches
Authors: Husung S. , Weber C. , Mahboob A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn addition to the known approaches for product development new or supplementary approaches have emerged. An important approach in this field is Systems Engineering (SE) and Model-Based Systems Engineering. Through these approaches, new procedures, level-focused description concepts and terms come into product development. However there are still some uncertainties as to how the known approaches of product development can be combined with the SE approaches. This paper aims to show how the known development approaches can be extended by and integrated with SE approaches.
Prototyping in Smart Product Design: Investigating Prototyping Tools to Support Communication of Interactive and Environmental Qualities
Authors: Wang J. , Ranscombe C. , Eisenbart B. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe increasing availability of smart products creates a more pronounced need for designers to prototype and communicate interactive and environmental qualities of product during their design process. This paper explores which elements of User journey, Storyboards and Wireframes contribute to communicating these qualities, and how they might integrate with sketching. Results show depictions of user and temporal elements alongside low fidelity sketches are deemed most important. Our findings form the basis to propose and subsequently test combined prototyping approaches in future research.
Strength Analysis of Structurally Optimized Aluminium-Composite Tubular Lap Joints
Authors: Jäger M. , Wartzack S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTruss structures are a stiff, economical, and efficient lightweight design, the limiting factor of these structures are usually the load transfer elements. This paper presents an analytical design method for optimized adhesive tubular lap joints between CFRP tubes and aluminium inserts. The analytically optimized design agrees very well with the numerical simulations and experimental results. Although the experiments show a highly non-linear behaviour, where a linear elastic correlation is expected, the total load capacity is only reached when the adhesive is fully plasticised.
Identification of Property Change Impacts Based on Requirements-Oriented, Multi-Criteria Decision Models
Authors: Horber D. , Schleich B. , Wartzack S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAs an outcome of the multi-criteria evaluation of different alternatives, product developers receive information on whether the evaluation alternatives meet the demanded property profile. If not, product characteristic and property changes are required, which can have desired and undesired effects. This contribution presents an MBSE-based approach, which extends the relational requirement model by value functions and product properties. Its novelty can be found in the integration of multi-criteria decision models, which are used to improve alternatives based on property change impact analyses.
Autofix – Automated Design of Fixtures
Authors: Nambiar S. , Albert A. P. , Rimmalapudi V. V. R. C. , Acharya V. , Tarkian M. , Kihlman H. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a framework to develop the automated design of fixtures using the combination of design automation (DA), multidisciplinary optimization and robotic simulation. MDO necessitates the use of concurrent and parametric designs which are created by DA and knowledge-based engineering tools. This approach is designed to decrease the time and cost of the fixture design process by increasing the degree of automation. AutoFix provides methods and tools for automatically optimizing resource-intensive fixture design utilizing digital tools from different disciplines.
Cost Optimization of Product Families Using Solution Spaces: Application to Early-Stage Electric Vehicle Design
Authors: Rötzer S. , Berger V. , Zimmermann M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCompanies offer products in different variants to reach more customers. This increases internal variety and cost. However, reducing those cost is difficult due to complexity. Complexity arises from: combinatorics; many design variables interacting with each other; coupling of technical and economical perspectives. This paper presents an approach based on (1) building a complex system model of modular models; (2) identifying the potential for standardization from a technical perspective; (3) cost-optimizing the degree of standardization. A product family of electric vehicles was optimized.
Model-Based Definition Accelerates Product Life Cycle in Manufacturing and Inspection Phase – Experiment of Machined One-Off Production
Authors: Uski P. , Ellman A. , Laine I. , Hillman L. , Nieminen J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe paper focuses on comparative experiment on manufacturing and inspection of two different prismatic one-off parts, which have different complexity. Our experiment shows that transforming product definition method from the Drawing Centric Definition (DCD) to the Model Centric Definition (MCD) enables 28%-29% time savings in manufacturing and inspection phases of machined one-off part's life cycle. Furthermore, transition from MCD to Model-Based Definition (MBD) enables 5%-9% time savings, respectively. Applying of MBD enables more time savings in complex part compared to a less complex part.
Computer Aided Ergonomics: Evaluation Study of a Interaction Model for Digital Human Models
Authors: Wolf A. , Fackler K. , Reulbach M. , Wartzack S. , Miehling J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn user-centred design, digital human models hold the potential for proactive evaluations of ergonomics or discomfort in terms of a computer aided ergonomics tool. Therefore, models predicting human interaction behaviour, are necessary. In this contribution we present such a model as well as its initial evaluation. The evaluation is performed by applying the interaction model to a specific use case, conducting a comparison with an empirical subject study. The evaluation shows that similar and realistic human behaviour was predicted, which was consistent in terms of whole-body strain.
From a Monolithic PLM Landscape to a Federated Domain and Data Mesh
Authors: Hooshmand Y. , Resch J. , Wischnewski P. , Patil P. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractProduct Lifecycle Management (PLM) is one of the most business-critical IT backbones of manufacturing companies. It often consists of numerous, rigidly interwoven monolithic applications and is seen as synonymous with costly maintenance, lack of extensibility, and poor scalability. This paper proposes an approach for transforming a monolithic PLM landscape into a federated Domain and Data Mesh. This enhances semantic interoperability and enables data-driven use cases by treating data as first-class citizens. User-centric PLM domains moreover help to increase productivity in the workplace.
Prototyping through the Lens of Network Analysis and Visualisation
Authors: Kent L. , Gopsill J. , Giunta L. , Goudswaard M. , Snider C. , Hicks B. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPrototyping is a well-established and valued design process activity. However, capturing prototypes and the tacit knowledge that led to and was gained from their creation is a challenge. Beyond that, questions remain on how best to utilise that captured data. This paper looks at how one can exploit and generate insights from data that has been captured, specifically looking at graph databases, the network analysis techniques they permit and the differing fidelities of visualisation and interactivity that they enable.
Feasibility Evaluation of Milling Designs Using Multi-Agent Systems
Authors: Plappert S. , Becker C. , Gembarski P. C. , Lachmayer R. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDuring product development, many decisions have to be made that affect the entire product life cycle and often lead to errors that cause additional effort. To proactively support the engineer in evaluating his design in a CAD program, in this paper an approach to evaluate milling designs using a multi-agent system (MAS) is presented. The CommonKADS method is used and the MAS is validated against an application example of a gearbox housing that has been checked for design guidelines, standards, and tool or machine portfolios.
Information Retrieval and Survey Design for Two-Stage Customer Preference Modeling
Authors: Xiao Y. , Cui Y. , Raut N. , Januar J. H. , Koskinen J. , Contractor N. , Chen W. , Sha Z. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCustomer survey data is critical to supporting customer preference modeling in engineering design. We present a framework of information retrieval and survey design to ensure the collection of quality customer survey data for analyzing customers’ preferences in their consideration-then-choice decision-making and the related social impact. The utility of our approach is demonstrated through the survey design for customers in the vacuum cleaner market. Based on the data, we performed descriptive analysis and network-based modeling to understand customers’ preferences in consideration and choice.
Testing the Usability of Guidelines for the Design of Surprising Products
Authors: Raafat O. , Becattini N. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe paper introduces guidelines to support designers to generate ideas for the development of surprising products. The guidelines are structured coherently with the concept of sensory incongruity and the Function-Behaviour-Structure framework to create a mismatch between previously conceived expectations and product features. The usability of the interactive presentation is checked with an experiment that involved more than 30 subjects with a background in product design (mechanical engineers and industrial designers), which demonstrated to be capable of generating ideas using the same.
Frequency of fruit consumption and savoury snacking predict psychological health; selective mediation via cognitive failures
Authors: Tuck Nicola-Jayne , Farrow Claire V. , Thomas Jason Michael 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWhile there is growing interest in the link between diet and psychological health, there is a surprising lack of studies investigating the precise associations between nutrient-rich foods (such as fruit and vegetables) v. nutrient-poor foods (such as energy-dense savoury and sweet snacks), and psychological health. Similarly, the psychological processes underpinning the relationship between dietary intake and psychological health remain unclear. Hence, the present study aimed to explore the relationship between dietary consumption and psychological health, with cognitive processes as a theoretical mediator. This cross-sectional online study included 428 healthy adults (53 % female; mean age = 39·7 years, sd = 13·0), with participants completing a range of validated questionnaires measuring dietary habits and psychological health. Stepwise multiple regression revealed that more frequent consumption of fruit was associated with reduced symptoms of depression (β = –0·109, P = 0·025) and greater positive psychological wellbeing (β = 0·187, P < 0·001). Conversely, more frequent savoury snacking was associated with increased anxiety (β = 0·127, P = 0·005). Further, mediation analyses revealed that more frequent consumption of savoury snacks was associated with increased symptoms of depression, stress, anxiety and reduced psychological wellbeing, via an increase in cognitive failures (ps < 0·001). These results provide new insights on the independent associations between certain types of food and psychological health, and the psychological mechanisms that may mediate these. Further work is now required to establish causality and determine whether these may represent modifiable dietary targets that can directly (and indirectly) influence our psychological health.
Narrowing maize yield gaps in the rainfed plateau region of Odisha
Authors: Peramaiyan Panneerselvam , McDonald Andrew J. , Kumar Virender , Craufurd Peter , Wasim Iftikar , Parida Nabakishore , Pattnaik Sanghamitra , Singh Balwinder , Yadav Ashok , Ajay Anurag , Singh Sudhanshu , Malik Ram K. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMaize is the primary staple crop cultivated during the monsoon season in eastern India. However, yield gaps are large because of multiple factors, including low adoption rates of good agronomic management practices. This study aimed to narrow the maize yield gap using diverse agronomic and varietal interventions through field experiments over 2 years (2013–2014) in the rainfed plateau region of Odisha. As a result, maize yield increased by 0.9, 0.74, and 0.17 Mg ha−1under optimum plant population, fertilizer management, and herbicide-based weed management, respectively, over farmers’ current practices (Check). Moreover, when all three interventions were combined (‘best’ management practice), grain yields increased by 1.7 Mg ha−1in conservation tillage and 2.2 Mg ha−1in conventional tillage. We also observed that the combination of long-duration hybrids and best management practices (BMPs) increased grain yield by 4.0 Mg ha−1and profitability by $888 ha−1over farmers’ current practices. In addition, Nutrient Expert decision support tool-based fertilizer management along with BMPs increased grain yield by 1.7 Mg ha−1and profitability by $314 ha−1over farmers’ fertilizer practices (Check). These results suggest that the combination of maize hybrids and BMPs can improve the productivity and profitability of rainfed maize in the plateau region of Odisha. However, these entry points for intensification need to be placed in the context of varying investment requirements, input and output market conditions, and matched with farmer preferences and risk.
Francisco de Vitoria and the (geo)politics of canonization in Spain/America
Authors: Scarfi Juan Pablo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWhile the founder of international law was long considered to be Hugo Grotius, attempts were made in the late 1920s and early 1930s to dethrone him in favour of the Spanish theologian Francisco de Vitoria. This took place as the professionalization of the field of international law was reaching its golden age both in Europe and the Americas. Leading this case were the prominent US jurist James Brown Scott, one of the founders of the American Society of International Law, and the Spanish jurist Camilo Barcia Trelles. But why did they decide to revive Vitoria then, and why would they couch him specifically as the founder of international law? This article focuses on the intellectual history of the canonization of Vitoria in the context of the formation and consolidation of a continental Pan-American ideal and network of American international law in the Americas. Particular attention is paid to the American Institute of International Law, presided by Scott, and the formation of a Spanish Americanist cultural tradition in Spain. The latter deeply influenced Barcia, who developed a profound interest in Latin American questions, notably around the Monroe Doctrine. The article argues that these geopolitical Pan-American and Spanish-Americanist anxieties of re-unifying the Americas and Spain/America strongly influenced the depiction of Vitoria as a new founding father of international law and allowed Scott and Barcia to elevate themselves as Vitoria’s heirs.
Cottages for farm labouring families: plans, exhortations and realities (1825–50)
Authors: Agnew John 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLoudon’s 1825 Encyclopedia of Agriculture set out why and how ‘comfortable’ family cottages should be built for the farm labouring workforce. Over the next quarter-century, published ‘prize essays’ on cottage-design appeared alongside articles advocating ‘high farming’. Low labourer wages and insecure farm tenancies handicapped investment in both, though a parliamentary inquiry showed improvement projects could enhance labourer employment. The 1834 ‘new’ Poor Law – an ‘administrative’ law – restricted ‘poor relief’, but left many ‘settlement’ issues to continue as perceived obstacles to building cottages (the occupants might become a burden on the poor rates). This paper illustrates ideal contemporary cottage designs – relative to contrasting exposures of poor people’s home lives. Landowners, patchily, promoted some cottage-building, but labouring families mostly remained poorly housed. Along with recent scholarship on families’ work, income, possessions (often very few) and survival strategies, this work augments ideas of real housing conditions in rural areas.
Order and Disorder in the Court:Press Law, Politics, and the Sedition Trials of Chile's Early Republic, 1813–1851
Authors: Wood James A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis article explores the phenomenon of the sedition trial in the early history of the Spanish American republics, focusing on sedition trials that occurred in Santiago de Chile from the late 1820s to the early 1850s. Sedition trials were governed by laws enacted in the wake of Chile's political independence to protect and regulate the freedom of the press. Because of the way press laws were written, sedition trials were conducted in front of juries composed of active citizens. As such, they constituted a dramatic break with the judicial tradition of Spanish colonial rule. The article argues that sedition trials were instrumental in the dynamics of political conflict, but only when the national government allowed them to operate without interference, which was not always the case. When sedition trials had integrity, as they did for a period in the 1840s, they became a public space in which citizen-journalists and publishers participated in establishing the boundaries of political speech. However, as one might expect, government officials also used the charge of sedition to silence their opponents. Sedition trials can thus be seen as a form of political warfare that has not been fully appreciated by scholars.
ErbB Signaling Pathway Genes Are Differentially Expressed in Monozygotic Twins Discordant for Sports-Related Concussion
Authors: Stahl Tyler J. , Palli Rohith , Gill Jessica M. , Saionz Elizabeth L. , Bogner-Flatz Viktoria , Cheetham-West Arokoruba , Merchant-Borna Kian , Pham Dzung L. , Strike Lachlan , Wright Margaret J. , Thompson Paul , Bazarian Jeffrey J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTranscriptional changes involved in neuronal recovery after sports-related concussion (SRC) may be obscured by inter-individual variation in mRNA expression and nonspecific changes related to physical exertion. Using a co-twin study, the objective of this study was to identify important differences in mRNA expression among a single pair of monozygotic (MZ) twins discordant for concussion. A pair of MZ twins were enrolled as part of a larger study of concussion biomarkers among collegiate athletes. During the study, Twin A sustained SRC, allowing comparison of mRNA expression to the nonconcussed Twin B. Twin A clinically recovered by Day 7. mRNA expression was measured pre-injury and at 6 h and 7 days postinjury using Affymetrix HG-U133 Plus 2.0 microarray. Changes in mRNA expression from pre-injury to each postinjury time point were compared between the twins; differences >1.5-fold were considered important. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes identified biologic networks associated with important transcripts. Among 38,000 analyzed genes, important changes were identified in 153 genes. The ErbB (epidermal growth factor receptor) signaling pathway was identified as the top transcriptional network from pre-injury to 7 days postinjury. Genes in this pathway with important transcriptional changes included epidermal growth factor (2.41), epiregulin (1.73), neuregulin 1 (1.54) and mechanistic target of rapamycin (1.51). In conclusion, the ErbB signaling pathway was identified as a potential regulator of clinical recovery in a MZ twin pair discordant for SRC. A co-twin study design may be a useful method for identifying important gene pathways associated with concussion recovery.
The Pan‐Arctic Continental Slope as an Intensifying Conveyer Belt for Nutrients in the Central Arctic Ocean (1985–2015)
Authors: Oziel L. , Schourup‐Kristensen V. , Wekerle C. , Hauck J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPrimary production in the Central Arctic Ocean (CAO) is limited by light and bioavailable nutrients. With the decline of the sea‐ice cover in recent decades, and the resulting increase in light availability, nitrate limitation has been speculated to become more prominent. We used an eddy‐permitting biogeochemical model simulation to estimate nitrate advective fluxes at different spatio‐temporal scales (synoptic, mesoscale and sub‐mesoscale) over the 1985–2015 period. We found that the pan‐Arctic continental slope contributes disproportionately to the Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen supply and that this supply is intensifying through two main processes: lateral eddy transport and upwelling. Despite this increasing supply in nitrate and an intensification of ocean dynamics, the nutrient supply is decreasing everywhere else in the central basins and the simulation indicates that the CAO is still shifting from light to nutrient limitation.
Turbulence Structure and Burst Events Observed in a Tidally Induced Bottom Boundary Layer
Authors: Li Renzhi , Voulgaris George , Wang Ya Ping 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn estuarine environments tidal variation affects turbulence and associated sediment transport processes near the bed. In situ turbulence and sediment data from the benthic boundary layer of the subaqueous Yangtze delta were collected over several tidal cycles and are used to gain new insights into turbulence structure and sediment mobility in the benthic boundary layer. Our analysis reveals that turbulent kinetic energy production was balanced by dissipation during flood, while during ebb an imbalance was found (dissipation > production) attributed to turbulence advection. Quadrant analysis showed a tidal variability of the four quadrants with ejections (E) and sweeps (S) being the dominant and equal contributors to Reynolds stress and sediment resuspension. Increased dissipation due to turbulent kinetic energy advection during ebb coincides with an increase in the timeshare of inward‐ and outward‐interaction events, resulting in a higher Reynolds stress contribution from ejections and sweeps. The contribution of outward (O) and inward (I) ‐interactions to sediment resuspension was found to be negligible. Turbulence intermittency is characterized using the frequency, duration, strength, and intensity of the quadrant events. The frequency and duration of outward (O) and inward (I) ‐interactions controlled bursts were 1/3∼1/2 that of ejections (E) and sweeps (S), which lead to them having limited effects on Reynolds stress. A comparison with settling velocity suggests that vertical sediment transport is mainly controlled by ejection and sweep events. Inward‐ and outward‐interactions appear to be more important for the resuspension of fine material with settling velocities of the order of 1 mm/s.