bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Finite elements method-based ICRF wave heating simulation integrating with SOL plasma for EAST tokamak
Authors: Zhang J.H. , Zhang X.J. , Qin C.M. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Ion cyclotron range of frequency (ICRF) wave heating simulation is often carried out in the core plasma region. However, the inclusion of scrape-off layer (SOL) plasma in the simulation model may lead to a new physical phenomenon and needs to be studied. In this paper, we apply a finite elements method based on the approach of Vallejos et al (2019 Nucl. Fusion
59 076022), to simulate ICRF wave heating to account realistically for SOL plasma of the EAST. In the presence of the density pedestal near the last closed flux surface, a kind of cavity mode is observed for the case of low parallel wave number. Near the ion–ion hybrid resonance (IIR) layer in the SOL region, mode conversion from fast waves to slow waves takes place. ICRF wave coupling characteristics are roughly consistent with the prediction of the dispersion relation except for some small deviations, which may be caused by fast wave reflection in the high-field side. Approximately on-axis heating of H ion is observed and the power deposition zone broadens with parallel wave number increasing. Wave energy dissipation in SOL plasma is less than 7% and localized near the IIR region. Furthermore, the comparison between D(H) and D(He-3) minority heating scenarios is also carried out. The results and conclusions in this paper can provide a theoretical reference for ICRF heating experiments and may supply a new insight into the form of ICRF waves in the plasma edge.
Mannose-binding lectin conjugated to quantum dots as fluorescent nanotools for carbohydrate tracing
Authors: Lima Carinna N , Oliveira Weslley F , Silva Paloma M M , Filho Paulo E Cabral , Juul-Madsen Kristian , Moura Patrícia , Vorup-Jensen Thomas , Fontes Adriana 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) have stood out as nanotools for glycobiology due to their photostability and ability to be combined with lectins. Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is involved in the innate immune system and plays important roles in the activation of the complement cascade, opsonization, and elimination of apoptotic and microbial cells. Herein, adsorption and covalent coupling strategies were evaluated to conjugate QDs to a recombinant human MBL (rhMBL). The most efficient nanoprobe was selected by evaluating the conjugate ability to label Candida albicans yeasts by flow cytometry. The QDs-rhMBL conjugate obtained by adsorption at pH 6.0 was the most efficient, labeling ca. 100% of cells with the highest median fluorescence intensity. The conjugation was also supported by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, zeta potential, and size analyses. C. albicans labeling was calcium-dependent; 12% and <1% of cells were labeled in buffers without calcium and containing EDTA, respectively. The conjugate promoted specific labeling (based on cluster effect) since, after inhibition with mannan, there was a reduction of 80% in cell labeling, which did not occur with methyl-α-D-mannopyranoside monosaccharide. Conjugates maintained colloidal stability, bright fluorescence, and biological activity for at least 8 months. Therefore, QDs-rhMBL conjugates are promising nanotools to elucidate the roles of MBL in biological processes.
Directional etching for high aspect ratio nano-trenches on hexagonal boron nitride by catalytic metal particles
Authors: Chen Chen , He Li , Jiang Chengxin , Chen Lingxiu , Wang Hui Shan , Wang Xiujun , Kong Ziqiang , Mu Xiaojing , Wei Zhipeng , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Wu Tianru , Zhang Daoli , Wang Haomin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Stimulated by the attractive performance of multi-dimensional heterostructures involving hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), intense attentions have been paid to creation of sharp boundary/interface, which could bring hBN nano-structures additional appealing physical properties. However, the lack of controllable synthesis limits further experimental investigation on hBN nano-structures. Here, the directional etching of transitional metal nano-particles (NPs) on the surface of hBN to produce nano-trenches with sharp edges was systematic investigated. It is found that, only Pt and Ir NPs can produce armchair-oriented nano-trenches at low H2 partial pressure, while other transitional metals lead to zigzag oriented nano-trenches. The density and width of the nano-trenches always increase with etching temperature and the pre-treated solution concentration while the trench orientation depends on both H2 partial pressure and etching temperature. The aspect ratio of nano-trenches may reach several thousand under optimized conditions. The method exhibited here shines a light on edge-selective patterning of 2D crystals.
An ultra-broadband flexible polarization-insensitive microwave metamaterial absorber
Authors: Jing Huihui , Duan Junping , Wei Yiqing , Hao Jingxian , Qu Zeng , Wang Jiayun , Zhang Binzhen 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this paper, an ultra-broadband flexible polarization-insensitive microwave metamaterial absorber is proposed, characterized, and fabricated. To achieve high broadband absorption, a two-layer periodic indium-tin-oxide (ITO) patches array printed on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) dielectric layers is used to generate high ohmic loss. The simulation results show that the proposed absorber can achieve greater than 90% absorption in the microwave band range of 19.68 to 94.7 GHz. The absorber is polarization-insensitive due to the symmetry of the structure with high absorption over a wide incidence angle of 60°. The mechanism of ultra-broadband absorption is discussed by the impedance matching theory, the surface current distribution, and the electric field distribution. In addition, the equivalent circuit model is utilized to analyze the effect of the structural parameters. Furthermore, the bow-frame method validates that the experimental measurements are consistent with the simulated spectra. With advantages of absorption of ultra-broadband, polarization-insensitivity, and flexibility, the proposed absorber facilitates its use in numerous potential applications for energy harvesting, imaging and sensing, stealth technology, modulating, and so on.
Quantum Markov chain Monte Carlo with digital dissipative dynamics on quantum computers
Authors: Metcalf Mekena , Stone Emma , Klymko Katherine , Kemper Alexander F , Sarovar Mohan , de Jong Wibe A 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Modeling the dynamics of a quantum system connected to the environment is critical for advancing our understanding of complex quantum processes, as most quantum processes in nature are affected by an environment. Modeling a macroscopic environment on a quantum simulator may be achieved by coupling independent ancilla qubits that facilitate energy exchange in an appropriate manner with the system and mimic an environment. This approach requires a large, and possibly exponential number of ancillary degrees of freedom which is impractical. In contrast, we develop a digital quantum algorithm that simulates interaction with an environment using a small number of ancilla qubits. By combining periodic modulation of the ancilla energies, or spectral combing, with periodic reset operations, we are able to mimic interaction with a large environment and generate thermal states of interacting many-body systems. We evaluate the algorithm by simulating preparation of thermal states of the transverse Ising model. Our algorithm can also be viewed as a quantum Markov chain Monte Carlo process that allows sampling of the Gibbs distribution of a multivariate model. To demonstrate this we evaluate the accuracy of sampling Gibbs distributions of simple probabilistic graphical models using the algorithm.
A review of recent results of mid-infrared quantum cascade photonic devices operating under external optical control
Authors: Spitz Olivier , Grillot Frédéric 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this article is to gather recent findings about the non-linear dynamics of distributed feedback quantum cascade lasers (QCLs), with a view on practical applications in a near future. As opposed to other semiconductor lasers, usually emitting in the visible or the near-infrared region, QCL technology takes advantage of intersubband transitions and quantum engineering to emit in the mid-infrared and far-infrared domain. This peculiarity and its physical consequences were long considered as a detrimental characteristic to generate non-linear dynamics under external optical control. However, we show that a wide diversity of phenomena, from high-dimensional chaos to giant pulses can be observed when the QCL is under external optical feedback or under optical injection and with a continuous current bias. Most of these phenomena have already been observed in other semiconductor lasers under optical feedback or under optical injection, which allows us to compare QCLs with their interband counterparts.
Chemistry-informed macromolecule graph representation for similarity computation, unsupervised and supervised learning
Authors: Mohapatra Somesh , An Joyce , Gómez-Bombarelli Rafael 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The near-infinite chemical diversity of natural and artificial macromolecules arises from the vast range of possible component monomers, linkages, and polymers topologies. This enormous variety contributes to the ubiquity and indispensability of macromolecules but hinders the development of general machine learning methods with macromolecules as input. To address this, we developed a chemistry-informed graph representation of macromolecules that enables quantifying structural similarity, and interpretable supervised learning for macromolecules. Our work enables quantitative chemistry-informed decision-making and iterative design in the macromolecular chemical space.
A Long Way from Steubenville: Environmental Epidemiology in a Rapidly Changing World
Authors: Ritz Beate R 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This commentary focuses on research that has long been at the core of environmental epidemiology: studies of the health effects of air pollution. It highlights publications in the American Journal of Epidemiology going back more than 50 years that have contributed to the debate about the validity of this research and its meaning for public policy. Technological advances have greatly expanded the toolbox of environmental epidemiologists in terms of measuring and analyzing complex exposures in large populations. Yet, discussions about biases in estimating air pollution health effects have always been and remain intense. Epidemiologists have brought new methodologies and concepts to this research, alleviating some but not all concerns. Here, the focus is on seminal epidemiologic work that established valid links between air pollution exposures and health outcomes and generated data for environmental policies and prevention. With this commentary, I hope to inspire epidemiologists to address many more of the burning environmental health questions—wildfires included—with a similar scientific doggedness. The rapidly changing conditions of our planet are challenging us to innovate and offer solutions, albeit perhaps a little bit faster this time around.
Diagnosis and Management of Uncomplicated Chlamydia trachomatis Infections in Adolescents and Adults: Summary of Evidence Reviewed for the 2021 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines
Authors: Geisler William M , Hocking Jane S , Darville Toni , Batteiger Byron E , Brunham Robert C 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
To prepare for the development of the 2021 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) sexually transmitted infections treatment guidelines, the CDC convened a committee of expert consultants in June 2019 to discuss recent abstracts and published literature on the epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of sexually transmitted infections.This paper summarizes the key questions, evidence, and recommendations for the diagnosis and management of uncomplicated Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infections in adolescents and adults that were reviewed and discussed for consideration in developing the guidelines. The evidence reviewed mostly focused on efficacy of doxycycline and azithromycin for urogenital, rectal, and oropharyngeal CT infection, CT risk factors in women, performance of CT nucleic acid amplification tests on self-collected meatal specimens in men, and performance of newer CT point-of-care tests.
Cardiovascular disease in the elderly: proceedings of the European Society of Cardiology—Cardiovascular Round Table
Authors: Lettino Maddalena , Mascherbauer Julia , Nordaby Matias , Ziegler André , Collet Jean Philippe , Derumeaux Geneviève , Hohnloser Stefan H , Leclercq Christophe , O'Neill Deirdre E , Visseren Frank , Weidinger Franz , Richard-Lordereau Isabelle 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe growing elderly population worldwide represents a major challenge for caregivers, healthcare providers, and society. Older patients have a higher prevalence of cardiovascular (CV) disease, high rates of CV risk factors, and multiple age-related comorbidities. Although prevention and management strategies have been shown to be effective in older people, they continue to be under-used, and under-studied. In addition to hard endpoints, frailty, cognitive impairments, and patients’ re-assessment of important outcomes (e.g. quality of life vs. longevity) are important aspects for older patients and emphasize the need to include a substantial proportion of older patients in CV clinical trials. To complement the often skewed age distribution in clinical trials, greater emphasis should be placed on real-world studies to assess longer-term outcomes, especially safety and quality of life outcomes. In the complex environment of the older patient, a multidisciplinary care team approach with the involvement of the individual patient in the decision-making process can help optimize prevention and management strategies. This article aims to demonstrate the growing burden of ageing in real life and illustrates the need to continue primary prevention to address CV risk factors. It summarizes factors to consider when choosing pharmacological and interventional treatments for the elderly and the need to consider quality of life and patient priorities when making decisions.
Automatic Writings and Authorial Egos
Authors: Metzidakis Stamos 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
One of Surrealism’s fundamental principles was that of automatism. This article examines the history of automatic writing, its evolving place in the movement, and the extent to which André Breton and others adhered—or not—to this same principle, either in their own creative works or in the collaborative ones they produced together. Close readings of several key theoretical texts which outline the aims and goals of this type of literary composition, along with both more extensive consideration of potentially pre-established narrative strategies and plot structures, and specific poetic passages and images, suggest instead that for many reasons individual egos sometimes prevented genuine automatism. Analysis and discussion of these examples indicate that Surrealist authors, perhaps more often than previously thought, set up in advance, even revised, the form of their texts to make them accessible to readers who might have otherwise remained more confused.
“They Never Really Leave Us”: Transcendent Narratives About Loss Resonate With the Experience of Severe Grief
Authors: Das Enny , Peters Judith 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Self-transcendent media experiences can instill a sense of connectedness, the sense of being part of a bigger whole. Proposing that this experience is relevant for people who have lost a loved one, the present research examined processing and effects of transcendent narratives of loss among the bereaved. Study 1 (N = 1,012) examined if personal experience with loss (grief severity, loss acceptance) increased mixed affect, transportation, identification, and appreciation of narratives of loss with, and without a reference to transcendence; Study 2 (N = 240) examined effects on elevation and connectedness. Findings showed that transcendent narratives of loss increased transportation, identification, and story appreciation especially for individuals with severe grief. Conversely, transcendent narratives of loss increased elevation, and connectedness especially for individuals with low grief. Findings suggest that transcendent narratives of loss resonate with severe personal grief. We found no evidence that a transcendent perspective on death reflects difficulty in accepting one’s personal loss.
Management of residual spaces after lung resections and air leaks: Ultrasound and pneumoperitoneum
Authors: Messina Gaetana , Noro Antonio , Natale Giovanni , Bove Mary , Fasano Morena , Vicidomini Giovanni , Santini Mario , Fiorelli Alfonso 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Prolonged chest tube drainage is one of the most common postoperative complications of pulmonary resections; it is related to complications such as residual pleural spaces or continuous alveolar air leaks. We retrospectively evaluated the efficacy of artificial intraoperative pneumoperitoneum in the treatment of such complications after lung resections. The presence of a residual space associated with prolonged air leaks can be difficult to treat, exposes the patient to a high risk of infection, prolongs hospitalization, and in some cases mandates reoperation. Between October 2016 and March 2020, four patients underwent pneumoperitoneum. The obliteration of the pleural cavity and the absence of air leaks were observed in 3 patients; only 1 patient was discharged with a Heimlich valve. Artificial intraoperative pneumoperitoneum is a safe and simple procedure. It decreases the duration of chest drainage and of the hospital stay; however, further studies are needed to corroborate our data. The learning curve for this technique may be relatively short.
Electrochemical Detection of Nuciferine in the Lotus Leaf Based on Efficient Catalysis by Zirconium-MOFs
Authors: Wu Mengdie , Qi Feifan , Qiu Ren , Feng Jing , Ren Xinshui , Rong Shengzhong , Ma Hongkun , Pan Hongzhi , Chang Dong 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
Nuciferine is an amorphine alkaloid in lotus leaf that has anti-inflammatory, lipid-lowering and hypoglycemic effects, so the quantitation of detected nuciferine is important.

Objective
An electrochemical method was developed for nuciferine detection based on efficient catalysis by Zr-MOFs (Metal-organic frameworks).

Methods
In this work, the ratiometric electrochemical method was developed for nuciferine detection based on efficient catalysis by Zr-MOFs. UiO66 is a Zr-MOFs nanomaterial and can absorb methylene blue (MB) by electrostatic action to form UiO66-MB nanocomposite. The UiO66-MB nanocomposite can be used as an enhancer to catalyze nuciferine decomposition and a carrier to provide a two-dimensional environment for the reaction of nuciferine. Moreover, good catalytic properties of UiO66 were first time used for the detection of nuciferine.

Results
This method has a linear detection range from 0.1  to approximately 20 μg/mL, and a low detection limit of 0.03 μg/mL (S/N=3). The recovery was from 98.1 to 102% and the RSD was from 0.45 to 3.65%, indicating that the proposed method can be applied for the analysis of real samples.

Conclusion
The proposed electrochemical method can be used to detect nuciferine in lotus leaves.

Highlights
The ratiometric electrochemical method was used for the detection of nuciferine. The MB can be used as an internal standard for anti-interference. And, UiO66 is used to catalyze the decomposition of nuciferine. Great catalytic properties of UiO66 were first time used for the detection of nuciferine.
Quantitative Predictors of Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy on Dynamic Contrast-enhanced 3T Breast MRI
Authors: Murakami Wakana , Won Choi Hyung , Joines Melissa M , Hoyt Anne , Doepke Laura , McCann Kelly E , Salamon Noriko , Sayre James , Lee-Felker Stephanie 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objective
To assess whether changes in quantitative parameters on breast MRI better predict pathologic complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in breast cancer than change in volume.

Methods
This IRB-approved retrospective study included women with newly diagnosed breast cancer who underwent 3T MRI before and during NAC from January 2013 to December 2019 and underwent surgery at our institution. Clinical data such as age, histologic diagnosis and grade, biomarker status, clinical stage, maximum index cancer dimension and volume, and surgical pathology (presence or absence of in-breast pCR) were collected. Quantitative parameters were calculated using software. Correlations between clinical features and MRI quantitative measures in pCR and non-pCR groups were assessed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression.

Results
A total of 182 women with a mean age of 52 years (range, 26–79 years) and 187 cancers were included. Approximately 45% (85/182) of women had pCR at surgery. Stepwise multivariate regression analysis showed statistical significance for changes in quantitative parameters (increase in time to peak and decreases in peak enhancement, wash out, and Kep [efflux rate constant]) for predicting pCR. These variables in combination predicted pCR with 81.2% accuracy and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.878. The AUCs of change in index cancer volume and maximum dimension were 0.767 and 0.613, respectively.

Conclusion
Absolute changes in quantitative MRI parameters between pre-NAC MRI and intra-NAC MRI could help predict pCR with excellent accuracy, which was greater than changes in index cancer volume and maximum dimension.
Polymer gear contact fatigue reliability evaluation with small data set based on machine learning
Authors: Liu Genshen , Wei Peitang , Chen Kerui , Liu Huaiju , Lu Zehua 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPolymer gears have shown potential in power transmission by their comprehensive mechanical properties. One of the significant concerns with expanding their applications is the deficiency of reliability evaluation methods considering small data set circumstances. This work conducts a fair number of polyoxymethylene (POM) gear durability tests with adjustable loading and lubrication conditions via a gear durability test rig. A novel machine learning-based reliability model is developed to evaluate contact fatigue reliability for the POM gears with such a data set. Results reveal that the model predicts reasonable POM gear contact fatigue curves of reliability–stress–number of cycles with 2.0% relative error and 18.8% reduction of test specimens compared with the large sample data case. In contrast to grease lubrication, the oil-lubricated POM gear contact fatigue strength improves by 10.4% from 52.1 to 57.6 MPa.
Blockchain-based land registry platforms: a survey on their implementation and potential challenges
Authors: Mezquita Yeray , Parra-Domínguez Javier , Pérez-Pons María E , Prieto Javier , Manuel Corchado Juan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In recent years it has been demonstrated that the use of the traditional property registry models involves the risk of corruption along with long waiting times. This paper points out the main problems associated with conventional models and makes a survey of the new ones that are based on blockchain technology. This type of model is already being developed as a proof of concept by different countries. With the use of this technology in land registry systems, it is possible to improve the transparency of the processes as well as optimize costs and execution time. To show the theoretical results of this study, the Spanish land registry has been taken as an example of a use case scenario.