bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Salvageable waste associated with intravitreal injections: A local medical waste management approach
Authors: Rogerson Thomas , Dedina Liana , Goggin Michael , Chan Weng Onn 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundHealthcare waste management is a globally challenging issue with an increased prevalence of disposable, single‐use materials in developed countries and a rapidly ageing population continuing to drive an increase in the use of medical resources. One manifestation of this within ophthalmology is the increasing number of intravitreal injections given for conditions such as age‐related macular degeneration and diabetic macular oedema.MethodsA prospective controlled cohort study was performed over 5 weeks in 2021 during which two sites were selected to compare different approaches to sorting the waste generated by intravitreal injections. At Site A all waste associated with these injections was placed in standard hospital waste bins. Site B was the intervention arm where a real‐time sorting of waste occurred. The number of injections given and waste amounts were recorded.Results116 and 286 injections were given at Sites A and B, respectively over the study period. Site A generated an average of 470.7 g of waste per injection compared with 175.1 g at our intervention site. This represents a 62.8% reduction (p < 0.001). At Site B, where waste was sorted, a total of 50.1 kg of medical waste was generated from these injections during the study period of which 33.8 kg (67.5%) was salvageable.ConclusionsThis is the first quantification of the medical waste associated with intravitreal injections, a burgeoning treatment for macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy among other conditions. This study demonstrates a significant reduction in the amount of medical waste produced using an easily implementable real‐world methodology.
One park, two owners—Inconsistencies in forest stewardship
Authors: Křenová Zdenka , Janík Tomáš , Romportl Dušan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAppropriate management of European spruce forests in this time of climate change is a significant challenge. Uniform principles of quality forest practice must be applied, essentially in forests that are valuable from a conservation point of view. However, this may be problematic in protected areas with mixed ownership and disparate priorities. Managerial decision‐making is often based on personal knowledge, previous experience, priorities other than conservation, or political influence. Clear management guidelines at the European and national levels are lacking in many protected areas. In this article, we use data from the Šumava NP to elucidate varied management approaches applied by state and private municipal owners in forests of high conservation value. We used high‐resolution aerial photographs to evaluate the effects of forest management practices applied, and compared the status of spruce habitats before and after a major windstorm and large‐scale bark beetle outbreak. We found that follow‐up forest management measures have significantly affected forests in the Šumava NP negatively. However, changes are not equally spread across the area of study, with forest ownership important for the type and intensity of changes. Kašperské Hory Municipality, managed their forests more as a productive commercial forest as contrasted to the state owned forest. We compare our findings with experiences from other Central European national parks with similar forest management challenges. Options for improving and unifying the management of conservation‐valuable forests held in state and private ownership are discussed in the conclusion. Wide political consensus and stability together with long‐term mutual trust and a willingness to collaborate among conservationists, forest managers and forest owners were recognized to be essential for the successful achievement of conservation goals.
Patient Preferences in Hidradenitis Suppurativa (APProach‐HS): a discrete choice experiment
Authors: Faverio Kristin , Peitsch Wiebke K. , Görig Tatiana , Schneider‐Burrus Sylke , Benzel Friderike , Goebeler Matthias , Schummer Patrick , Badran Alaa , Schaarschmidt Marthe‐Lisa , Harth Wolfgang , Mössner Rotraut , Kromer Christian 
Published: November 2022

SummaryBackground and ObjectivesTreatment options for moderate‐to‐severe hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) comprise antibiotics, biologics, and different surgical methods. These approaches differ substantially regarding the treatment process, success rates, and adverse events. However, information on patient preferences for HS therapies is hitherto scarce. Our aim was to assess patient preferences for medicamentous and surgical treatment of HS with conjoint analysis.Patients and MethodsIn this cross‐section study, computerized discrete choice experiments were used to quantify patient preferences for HS therapies decomposed into treatment modality (tablets, subcutaneous injections, surgery with secondary‐intention healing or primary closure), probability of sustained therapeutic success, probability of mild or severe adverse events, and duration of treatment or wound healing.ResultsAveraged over the cohort (n = 216 patients with HS), sustained therapeutic success was considered as most important (Relative Importance Score [RIS]: 36.2), followed by the treatment modality (RIS: 24.0), and duration of treatment/wound healing (RIS: 19.9), whereas mild or severe adverse events (RIS: 10.7 or 9.3) were regarded as less relevant. Patients preferred tablets, followed by subcutaneous injections, and disliked surgery with primary closure. Preferences differed significantly dependent on age and affected body regions.ConclusionsAwareness of patient preferences is essential for patient‐centered care in HS.
A tale of two Martins: Is Luther to blame for Heidegger's destruction of ontotheology?
Authors: Bielfeldt Dennis 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMuch has been written about Heidegger's indebtedness to Luther in developing Being and Time. Recently Duane Armitage has claimed that since Heidegger is the “root to all continental philosophy of religion and postmodern theology,” and since his “disdain for onto‐theology is rooted in Luther, . . . essentially all postmodern theological thinking is fundamentally Lutheran.” Clearly, both Martins de‐emphasize theology's penchant for abstract metaphysics and look instead to recover the facticity of concrete lived Christian existence. But surface similarities should not occlude what profoundly differentiates the two, for the Martins depart radically in what they thought thinking did and what the truth‐conditions of their respective discourses were. Luther who assumed theological realism was concerned with how human beings really stand in relation to God, while Heidegger brackets such questions in favor of a description of the phenomenological shape of the Christian life. I employ elementary model theory in order to provide greater precision and accuracy in evaluating the stark semantic differences between their respective approaches.
Christian theology as comparative theology: Towards a radical change of “Method”
Authors: Kärkkäinen Veli‐Matti 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis essay makes a recommendation for an expansion in the approach and “method” of Christian theology: it proposes Christian theology as comparative theology. In the religiously pluralistic world, it is not sufficient merely to engage other faith traditions as an “auxiliary task.” Rather, the comparative task should belong to the “normal” way of doing “basic” Christian theological work. While Christian theology is not subsumed under comparative theology, as it were, the essay argues that without the comparative task, Christian theology may fail its calling in the third millennium.
Evaluation of left atrial and left ventricular functions in patients with Wolff‐Parkinson‐White syndrome before and after radiofrequency catheter ablation using three‐dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography
Authors: Dogdus Mustafa , Dindas Ferhat , Turan Oguzhan Ekrem , Yilancioglu Resit Yigit , Ozgul Ufuk , Inevi Umut Dursun , Ozcan Emin Evren 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundWolff‐Parkinson‐White (WPW) syndrome is one of the most common congenital cardiac abnormalities among ventricular pre‐excitation syndromes. Radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) treatment of accessory pathways (APs) in WPW patients is an established curative therapy restoring normal atrioventricular conduction. We have not encountered any studies evaluating both the LA and LV functions of these patients before and after RFCA with three dimensional‐speckle tracking echocardiography (3D‐speckle tracking echocardiography (STE)).AimThe purpose of the current study was to assess the LA and LV functions in patients with WPW syndrome before and after RFCA using 3D‐STE.MethodsA total of 21 patients with WPW syndrome who had been scheduled for RFCA were prospectively recruited for this study. 3D‐STE examinations of the patients were performed 12–24 h before ablation and 1 month after ablation.ResultsThe LV‐global longitudinal strain (LV‐GLS) and LV‐global circumferential strain (LV‐GCS) were significantly depressed in the pre‐RFCA WPW group than in the control group (−14.3 ± 2.1 vs. −21.5 ± 2.2, p < .001; −12.6 ± 1.8 vs. −20.4 ± 1.8, p < .001, respectively). The left atrial strain‐reservoir (LAS‐r) and LAS‐active were significantly decreased in the pre‐RFCA WPW group than in the control group (31.9 ± 2.4 vs. 48.8 ± 2.6, p < .001; 11.7 ± 2 vs. 26.5 ± 2.1, p < .001, respectively). The LV‐GLS, LV‐GCS, LAS‐r, and LAS‐active values improved after RFCA compared to before.ConclusionThe results of our study indicated that there are subclinical impairments in LV and LA myocardial dynamics in the apparently healthy WPW patients, and these deteriorations improve after RFCA of AP.
Economic uncertainty: Mispricing and ambiguity premium
Authors: Cai Charlie X. , Fu Xi , Kerestecioglu Semih 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe uncover two channels of effect in the financial market when investors face macroeconomic uncertainty. Conditional on a common mispricing index, we find that economic uncertainty exposure (EUE) induces disagreement, which amplifies mispricing. The highest EUE quintile produces an annualised mispricing alpha of 9.96%, more than double the unconditional mispricing effect. An ambiguity premium of 3.84% alpha is documented in the “non‐mispricing” quintile. The EUE‐induced mispricing effect is different from the existing limits of arbitrage explanations. The ambiguity premium is predictably observed during the unfolding of shocks of COVID‐19 to the market.
Computational modelling predicts impaired barrier function and higher sensitivity to skin inflammation following pH elevation
Authors: Thibault Greugny Eléa , Bensaci Jalil , Fages François , Stamatas Georgios N. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSkin surface pH has been identified as a key regulator of the epidermal homeostasis through its action on serine protease activity. These enzymes, like kallikreins (KLK), are responsible for the degradation of corneodesmosomes, the protein structures linking together corneocytes, and are regulated by Lympho‐Epithelial Kazal‐Type‐related Inhibitor (LEKTI). KLK activity increases at pH levels higher than physiological. An increase in skin surface pH has been observed in patients suffering from skin diseases characterized by impaired barrier function, like atopic dermatitis. In this work, we introduce an agent‐based model of the epidermis to study the impact of a change in skin surface pH on the structural and physiological properties of the epidermis, through the LEKTI‐KLK mechanism. We demonstrate that a less acidic pH, compared to the slightly acidic pH observed in healthy skin, is sufficient to significantly affect the water loss at the surface and the amount of irritant permeating through the epidermis. This weakening of the skin barrier function eventually results in a more intense skin inflammation following exposure to an external irritant. This work provides additional evidence that skin surface pH and serine proteases can be therapeutic targets to improve skin barrier integrity.
Moving toward an integrated model of the father–daughter relationship during adolescence
Authors: Blickman Rachel S. , Campbell Cynthia G. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study offers a structural model of father–daughter relationships from the perspective of adolescent daughters and identifies relational constructs that promote closeness in the dyad.BackgroundThe relationship between fathers and daughters is important to daughters' healthy development yet is vulnerable to tension and distance, particularly during adolescence. Drawing on areas of father involvement that make positive contributions to the lives of adolescent daughters, we propose a relational framework of the father–daughter dyad.MethodUndergraduate females (N = 206) retrospectively reported on their relationship with their biological father during adolescence using an assessment tool developed for this study.ResultsConstructs identified in the data included fathers' supportive involvement (composed of emotional support, autonomy support, communication, and shared activities), fathers' expectations, fathers' investment, daughters' desire for closeness, and daughters' perception of closeness. Findings indicated that supportive involvement positively and significantly predicted closeness, whereas expectations negatively and significantly predicted closeness.ConclusionThis research proposes a structural framework of the father–daughter dyad and emphasizes the importance of fathers' emotional involvement and support in their adolescent daughters' lives.ImplicationsFindings may inform interventions aimed to promote positive family relationships and provide a baseline comparison for future investigation of other types of father–daughter dyads.
The contribution of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) breeding to whole pasture productivity under dairy cattle grazing in New Zealand. 1. Variation in yield, nutritive value and persistence‐related traits
Authors: Chapman David F. , Wims Cathal M. , Ludemann Cameron I. , Kuhn‐Sherlock Barbara 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPerennial ryegrass (PRG, Lolium perenne L.) breeding effort in New Zealand (NZ) has increased since c. 1990, resulting in greater functional trait diversity (e.g. heading date, ploidy, and associated Epichloë endophyte strain) in commercial products. This study quantified the variation, associations and interactions in dry matter (DM) yield, nutritive value and persistence‐related traits among commercial cultivar‐endophyte combinations released between 1973 and 2012, as a basis for assessing gains in value being delivered to the pasture‐based livestock industries. Twenty‐four or 28 combinations were compared over 3 years in two trials in each of two regions: Waikato in northern NZ (dryland), and Canterbury in central eastern South Island (irrigated). Cultivar‐endophyte combinations were sown in mixtures with white clover, and pastures were intensively grazed 8–11 times per year by dairy cows. Principal Component Analysis identified 4 distinct clusters for the DM yield variables and for metabolisable energy (ME) content in each of the four trials. A broadly‐adapted group of three late‐season flowering, AR37‐infected diploids with NZ and Spanish breeding backgrounds dominated the highest‐yielding clusters. Tetraploids dominated the high ME content clusters. Interactions with region were observed throughout the data set: the strongest of these was driven by endophyte strain effects in Waikato. High‐yielding cultivar‐endophyte combinations in these trials were also generally high‐yielding in the standard cultivar merit testing system operated in New Zealand, as interpreted via the DairyNZ Forage Value Index. However, alignment was poorer for medium‐ and lower‐yielding cultivar‐endophyte combinations. Several implications for forage evaluation methods and end‐user industries are identified.
Reaching out to affluent interest groups? Assessing the moderating role of membership influence across old and new democracies
Authors: Stevens Frederik 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper seeks to explain under which conditions policymakers actively reach out to interest groups. Policymakers are often expected to contact affluent groups more often than resource‐strapped ones because these organizations can provide them with more and better policy expertise. I argue that economic resources are less important than often assumed and expect that the role of financial means in enjoying outreach from policymakers is contingent on the degree of membership influence. To test this argument empirically, I rely on survey data of over 2.500 interest groups active in six European countries varying in democratic maturity. The results demonstrate that wealthy groups are contacted more frequently than economically deprived ones, but only when members exert a strong influence over the group's political positioning. This is true except for relatively new democracies where the effect of economic resources does not vary systematically across differential levels of membership influence.
Efficacy and safety of galcanezumab as a treatment of refractory episodic and chronic cluster headache: Case series and narrative review
Authors: Membrilla Javier A. , Torres‐Ferrus Marta , Alpuente Alicia , Caronna Edoardo , Pozo‐Rosich Patricia 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundGalcanezumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting calcitonin gene–related peptide (CGRP), has demonstrated clinical benefit as a preventive treatment of episodic cluster headache (ECH) but not in chronic cluster headache (CCH) to this date. Our objective was to analyze our clinical experience of the compassionate use of galcanezumab in cluster headache and to conduct a narrative review of the published literature.MethodsWe present a case series of patients with refractory ECH and CCH treated with 240 mg galcanezumab monthly in an outpatient headache clinic. We recorded epidemiologic and clinical data and analyzed the disease evolution after 3 and 6 months. The review was performed following the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines.ResultsWe included three patients with ECH who were treated during a refractory cluster bout (mean duration of 83.7 days since the first attack, range 46.0–105.0 days) and six patients with CCH who had a high frequency of attacks (mean 35.8 attacks/week, range 7–56) and refractory to a mean of 5.2 preventive treatments (range, 3–9). In the CCH group, >50% frequency reduction was seen in 83% (5/6 patients) and the number of attacks per week showed a mean reduction of −24.2 at month 3 (range, −6 to −49) and −27.6 at month 6 (range, −7 to −49). In the ECH group, the bout ended a mean 17.3 days (range, 10–28) after galcanezumab administration. One third of patients reported mild adverse events, none of them leading to discontinuation.ConclusionIn conclusion, our clinical experience supports the use of galcanezumab in patients with refractory cluster headache. These results might encourage the possibility of continuing clinical development with randomized controlled trials of anti‐CGRP treatments in patients with cluster headache.
Increasing HIV early diagnosis by implementing an automated screening strategy in emergency departments
Authors: Vaz‐Pinto Inês , Gorgulho Ana , Esteves Catarina , Guimarães Mafalda , Castro Vanda , Carrodeguas Alba , Medina Diogo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionLate HIV diagnosis is associated with increased morbidity, mortality and risk of onward transmission. Increasing HIV early diagnosis is still a priority. In this observational study with historical control, we determined the impact of an opportunistic HIV screening strategy in the reduction of late diagnosis and missed opportunities for earlier diagnosis.MethodsThe screening programme was implemented in the emergency department (ED) of the Hospital de Cascais between September 2018 and September 2021. Eligible patients were aged 18–64 years, with no known HIV diagnosis or antibody testing performed in the previous year, and who required blood work for any reason. Out of the 252 153 emergency visits to the ED, we identified 43 153 (17.1%) patients eligible for HIV testing. Among the total population eligible for the screening, 38 357 (88.9%) patients were ultimately tested for HIV. Impact of the ED screening was determined by analysing late diagnosis in the ED and missed opportunities at different healthcare settings 3 years before and 3 years after the start of the ED screening.ResultsAfter 3 years of automated HIV ED testing, we found 69 newly diagnosed HIV cases (54% male, 39% Portuguese nationals, mean age 40.5 years). When comparing the characteristics of HIV diagnoses made in the ED, we observed a significant reduction in the number of people with late HIV diagnosis before and after implementation of the screening programme (78.4% vs. 39.1%, respectively; p = 0.0291). The mean number of missed opportunities for diagnosis also fell (2.6 vs. 1.5 annual encounters with the healthcare system per patient, p = 0.0997).ConclusionsPeople living with HIV in Cascais and their providers miss several opportunities for earlier diagnosis. Opportunistic screening strategies in settings previously deemed to be unconventional, such as EDs, are feasible and effective in mitigating missed opportunities for timely HIV diagnosis.
Polyols and chocolate technology: recent developments and advances
Authors: Homayouni Rad Aziz , Konar Nevzat , Rasouli Pirouzian Haniyeh , Mirtajeddini Seyed Bagher , Toker Omer Said , Rasouli Pirouzian Raheleh 
Published: November 2022

SummaryReducing the sugar level in chocolate and developing low‐calorie products are important for meeting consumer expectations, supporting public health and adapting to current consumption trends. However, the identification of bulking agents to be used for this aim is a critical factor. The most commonly used sugar alternatives for this aim are polyols. In this study, recent advances and developments for using possibilities of polyols in chocolate technology were discussed and future perspectives were highlighted. Partially and/or complete replacing of sugar with polyols can provide a low‐calorie product. In addition, the use of mixtures consisting of more than one polyol is an approach that can be used in chocolate sugar substitution. Optimization of refining, conching and tempering processes by considering polyol type and content may contribute to the development of chocolate with improved quality properties and shelf life. However, polyol and bioactive compounds interactions and possible effects on bioaccesibility, bioavalibility and stability of these compounds in chocolate composition and pre‐ and post‐digestion periods should be deeply investigated. In addition, the conching methods and conditions used is another factor to be considered in the use of polyols.