bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
100 Gb/s High Throughput Serial Protocol (HTSP) for data acquisition systems with interleaved streaming
Authors: Ruckman L. , Doering D. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Demands on Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) data transport
have been increasing over the years as frame sizes and
refresh rates increase. As the bandwidths requirements increase
the ability to implement data transport protocol layers
using “soft” programmable logic becomes harder and start to require harden
IP blocks implementation.
To reduce the number of physical links and interconnects, it is common for
data acquisition systems to require interleaving of streams on the same link
(e.g. streaming data and streaming register access).
This paper presents a way to leverage existing
FPGA harden IP blocks to achieve a robust, low latency 100 Gb/s
point-to-point link with minimal programmable logic overhead
geared towards the needs of data acquisition systems with interleaved streaming requirements.
Development of a high-temporal resolution neutron flux measurement system for the HL-2M tokamak
Authors: Zhang Jie , Zhang Yipo , Zhang Jinglong , Zhou Jianhang , Zhan Xuwen , Wen Zuowei , Cheng Shikui , Zhu Yuxuan , Yuan Guoliang , Liu Yuhang , Yang Qiulei , Chen Wei , Shi Zhongbing , Liu Yi , Xu Min 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
To enhance the understanding of the physics of energetic
ions in fusion plasma, a high-temporal resolution neutron flux
measurement (HTRNFM) system, which is equipped with a fast-neutron
scintillation detector embedded with ZnS:Ag phosphor, has been
developed for the HL-2M tokamak. It has a temporal resolution of
10 μs during conventional operations. Its dynamic range is
sufficiently wide for neutron flux measurements by adopting the
combination use of the scalar mode and the Campbell mode. Based on
the Monte Carlo calculations, the applicable count rate ranges of
both the scalar mode and the Campbell mode are respectively
0.1–10 Mcps and 10–200 Mcps. The performance validation of the
HTRNFM system has been performed by neutron flux measurements in
magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) quiet plasmas in the HL-2A tokamak. In
another plasma with abundant MHD instabilities, both the continuous
neutron flux decreases and the rapid neutron flux decreases caused
by different MHD instabilities are observed in a more detailed
manner for the first time with the HTRNFM system than with other
neutron flux measurement (NFM) systems that have a lower temporal
resolution of 1 ms. The HTRNFM system will serve as a powerful
diagnostic tool for research on energetic ion confinement quality in
the HL-2M tokamak.
Liquid nitrogen cooling, control and monitoring system for the ELIADE HPGe clover detectors at ELI-NP
Authors: Dhal A. , Ramirez F. , Suliman G. , Roman T. , Ciocan G. , Testov D. , Petcu C. , Tatulea B. , Ur C.A. , Balabanski D.L. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We present a liquid nitrogen (LN2) cooling station for
the high-purity germanium (HPGe) segmented clover detectors of the
ELI-NP Array of DEtectors
(ELIADE) spectrometer, including its associated filling control and
monitoring systems, all designed and built in-house at Extreme Light
Infrastructure - Nuclear Physics (ELI-NP), Măgurele,
Romania. The automated LN2 filling process is controlled by a
CompactRIO (cRIO) system from National Instruments through a custom
LabVIEW software used for monitoring both the internal germanium
crystal temperatures as well as the temperatures of external Pt100
sensors (used for detection of overflow of LN2 from detectors
during a filling process). The detectors are filled with LN2 by
opening their individual filling valves (which are mounted on the
cooling station) and the process is automatically stopped once an
overflow condition is fulfilled by the corresponding external Pt100
sensor located downstream. A twelve-hour cycle is used to
periodically fill all of the detector dewars and keep their
germanium crystals cool at all times. The associated Graphic User
Interface (GUI), Command Line Interface (CLI) and Text User
Interface (TUI) are used for both controlling and monitoring the
above mentioned process. Alert and warning email messages were also
enabled via the cRIO system so that users can be alerted in
real-time in the event of any cooling malfunction. In this way, any
issues related to the cyclic filling procedure, as well as any
abnormal observations regarding the germanium crystal temperatures
can be quickly and efficiently addressed before the detectors have a
chance to warm back up to room temperature. Temperature data of all
the Pt100 sensors corresponding to detectors as well as to the
solenoid valves are made available in an influx database by the cRIO
control system. The web application Grafana access the database and
plots them in real-time for online monitoring.
Citizen science and geomorphology: the citizenMorph pilot system for observing and reporting data on landforms
Authors: Hennig Sabine , Abad Lorena , Hölbling Daniel , Tiede Dirk 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Contributory citizen science projects face challenges regarding data quantity and quality. To counteract this, the projects must be centred around citizen needs and preferences, while considering aspects such as the data contribution process, including instructions, project promotion, information provision, feedback and recognition, and the design of the respective elements. Based on an understanding of the relevance of these issues affecting data contribution systems, we must determine which elements we can use to meet citizens’ needs and preferences and how to better tailor the system design to citizens’ requirements. The citizenMorph project, which aimed to create a pilot system for citizens to collect and report data on landforms, focused on the development of a citizen-centric system with elements that foster and encourage citizen engagement. We used a specifically conceived development workflow that combined participatory design with the prototyping model to involve citizen representatives in different ways and to different degrees in requirement specification, system design and implementation, and testing. This allowed citizens’ requirements to be specified and comprehensively considered in the citizenMorph system. Based on the input of citizens who were involved in the development process, the citizenMorph pilot system includes a data contribution application and a project-related website with several project-specific elements that focus on attracting and recruiting citizens to participate and increase their initial and ongoing engagement and willingness to report landform data. This includes traditional and web-based promotion elements, a specifically designed information strategy that considers information detail, depth and presentation media, project and task-tailored data contribution instructions and support, and the possibility for users to find and view the data they contributed on a web map.
Forest loss is significantly higher near clustered small dams than single large dams per megawatt of hydroelectricity installed in the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Nickerson Samuel , Chen Gang , Fearnside Philip M , Allan Craig J , Hu Tongxi , de Carvalho Luis M T , Zhao Kaiguang 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Hydropower in the Brazilian Amazon is a prevalent form of development, but dams have widespread and long-term environmental impacts that include deforestation in the areas surrounding the dams. Small hydropower plants (SHPs) are often perceived as having reduced environmental impacts compared to the large ones. In Brazil, SHPs are licensed by state governments, which have less strict requirements than the federal environmental agency. Brazil’s definition of ‘small’ dams has grown with successive increases in the maximum installed capacity from 10 to 30 to 50 megawatts (MW). This expanding loophole has increased the attractiveness of investing in multiple small dams rather than a single large dam, with resulting proliferation of SHPs. Forest dynamics surrounding the clustered SHPs when compared to single large dams are not well documented. In this study, we capitalized on a dense time series of satellite images to quantify and compare forest loss in the regions (over 110 000 km2 in area) surrounding 15 SHPs and 7 large dams at multiple watershed and buffer scales in the Brazilian Amazon for nearly two decades (2000–2018). The landscapes containing SHP clusters had lower cumulative forest loss as compared to those with large dams. However, when deforestation and hydroelectric generating capacity were jointly considered (i.e. forest loss per megawatt installed), we discovered an opposite trend. The regions surrounding the SHP clusters exhibited significant impacts ranging from 1.9 to 2.5 times that of the regions surrounding large dams across 5 km to sub-basin scales. Due to the considerable consequences of SHPs on deforestation, we argue that the rapid expansion of small hydropower should be approached with caution and requires more stringent environmental assessments.
The SAGEX review on scattering amplitudes Chapter 1: Modern fundamentals of amplitudes
Authors: Brandhuber Andreas , Plefka Jan , Travaglini Gabriele 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This chapter introduces the foundational concepts and techniques for scattering amplitudes. It is meant to be accessible to readers with only a basic understanding of quantum field theory. Topics covered include: the four-dimensional spinor-helicity formalism and the colour decomposition of Yang–Mills scattering amplitudes; the study of soft and collinear limits of Yang–Mills and gravity amplitudes; the BCFW recursion relation and generalised unitarity, also in the superamplitudes formalism of

N
=
4

supersymmetric Yang–Mills; an overview of standard and hidden symmetries of the S-matrix of

N
=
4

supersymmetric Yang–Mills, such as the conformal, dual conformal and Yangian symmetries; and a brief excursus on form factors of protected and non-protected operators in Yang–Mills theory. Several examples and explicit calculations are also provided.
Bayesian design of clinical trials using joint models for recurrent and terminating events
Authors: Xu Jiawei , Psioda Matthew A , Ibrahim Joseph G 
Published: July 2022

Summary
Joint models for recurrent event and terminating event data are increasingly used for the analysis of clinical trials. However, few methods have been proposed for designing clinical trials using these models. In this article, we develop a Bayesian clinical trial design methodology focused on evaluating the effect of an investigational product (IP) on both recurrent event and terminating event processes considered as multiple primary endpoints, using a multifrailty joint model. Dependence between the recurrent and terminating event processes is accounted for using a shared frailty. Inferences for the multiple primary outcomes are based on posterior model probabilities corresponding to mutually exclusive hypotheses regarding the benefit of IP with respect to the recurrent and terminating event processes. We propose an approach for sample size determination to ensure the trial design has a high power and a well-controlled type I error rate, with both operating characteristics defined from a Bayesian perspective. We also consider a generalization of the proposed parametric model that uses a nonparametric mixture of Dirichlet processes to model the frailty distributions and compare its performance to the proposed approach. We demonstrate the methodology by designing a colorectal cancer clinical trial with a goal of demonstrating that the IP causes a favorable effect on at least one of the two outcomes but no harm on either.
Genetic mechanisms underlying brain functional homotopy: a combined transcriptome and resting-state functional MRI study
Authors: Zhao Han , Cai Huanhuan , Mo Fan , Lu Yun , Yao Shanwen , Yu Yongqiang , Zhu Jiajia 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFunctional homotopy, the high degree of spontaneous activity synchrony and functional coactivation between geometrically corresponding interhemispheric regions, is a fundamental characteristic of the intrinsic functional architecture of the brain. However, little is known about the genetic mechanisms underlying functional homotopy. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data from a discovery dataset (656 healthy subjects) and 2 independent cross-race, cross-scanner validation datasets (103 and 329 healthy subjects) were used to calculate voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC) indexing brain functional homotopy. In combination with the Allen Human Brain Atlas, transcriptome-neuroimaging spatial correlation analysis was conducted to identify genes linked to VMHC. We found 1,001 genes whose expression measures were spatially associated with VMHC. Functional enrichment analyses demonstrated that these VMHC-related genes were enriched for biological functions including protein kinase activity, ion channel regulation, and synaptic function as well as many neuropsychiatric disorders. Concurrently, specific expression analyses showed that these genes were specifically expressed in the brain tissue, in neurons and immune cells, and during nearly all developmental periods. In addition, the VMHC-associated genes were linked to multiple behavioral domains, including vision, execution, and attention. Our findings suggest that interhemispheric communication and coordination involve a complex interaction of polygenes with a rich range of functional features.
Arrhythmogenesis of surgical atrial incisions and lesions in Maze procedure: insights from high-resolution mapping of atrial tachycardias
Authors: Hu Wei , Zhou Dongchen , Ding Xiangwei , Yang Gang , Liu Hailei , Wang Zidun , Chen Hongwu , Ju Weizu , Li Mingfang , Zhang Fengxiang , Yang Jian , Han Jie , Wu Xianhao , Qiu Zhaohui , Zheng Liangrong , Chen Minglong 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background
Atrial tachycardias (ATs) frequently develop after a surgical Maze procedure. We aimed to elucidate the electrophysiologic mechanisms and their arrhythmogenic substrates of these ATs.

Methods and results
We retrospectively reviewed 20 patients (14 females, mean age of 55.5 ± 8.6 years) with post-Maze ATs who underwent high-resolution mapping at three institutions. The slow conduction areas, reentry circuits, voltage signals, complex electrograms, and their correlation with the surgical incisions and lesions placed in the surgical Maze procedures were analyzed. Thirty-six ATs with a mean cycle length of 260.0 ± 67.6 ms were mapped in these patients. Among them, 22 (61.1%) were anatomical macro-reentrant ATs (AMAT), 12 (33.3%) non-AMATs (localized ATs), and 2 (5.6%) focal ATs, respectively. Epicardial conduction bridges were observed in 6/20 (30.0%) patients and 7/36 (19.4%) ATs. Different arrhythmogenic substrates were identified in these ATs, including slow conduction regions within the previous lesion areas or between the incisions and anatomical structures, the prolonged activation pathways caused by the short lesions connecting the tricuspid annulus, and the circuits around the long incisions and/or lesions.

Conclusions
Reentry is the main mechanism of the post-Maze ATs. The pro-arrhythmic substrates are most likely caused by surgical incisions and lesions. The slow conduction regions and the protected channels yielded from these areas are the major arrhythmogenic factors.
A Characterisation of Virtually Free Groups via Minor Exclusion
Authors: Khukhro Ana 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We give a new characterisation of virtually free groups using graph minors. Namely, we prove that a finitely generated, infinite group is virtually free if and only if for any finite generating set, the corresponding Cayley graph is minor excluded. This answers a question of Ostrovskii and Rosenthal. The proof relies on showing that a finitely generated group that is minor excluded with respect to every finite generating set is accessible, using a graph-theoretic characterisation of accessibility due to Thomassen and Woess.
Evaluation of a diagnostic algorithm for rapid identification of Gram-negative species and detection of extended-spectrum β-lactamase and carbapenemase directly from blood cultures
Authors: Comini Sara , Bianco Gabriele , Boattini Matteo , Banche Giuliana , Ricciardelli Guido , Allizond Valeria , Cavallo Rossana , Costa Cristina 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Objectives
To evaluate a rapid diagnostic algorithm based on MALDI-TOF MS, lateral flow immunoassays (LFIAs) and molecular testing performed directly from positive blood cultures (BCs) for Gram-negative species identification and detection of CTX-M extended-spectrum β-lactamases and main carbapenemases.

Methods
Non-duplicate BCs positive to Gram-negative bacteria at microscope examination were subjected to species identification by direct MALDI-TOF MS following recovery of bacterial pellet by Rapid MBT Sepsityper® kit. Subsequently, NG-Test® CARBA 5 and NG-Test® CTX-M MULTI LFIAs were performed according to identified microbial species. Eazyplex® SuperBug CRE molecular assay was performed in cases of NG-Test® CARBA 5 negative results in patients with documented carbapenemase-producers carriage. Results of rapid diagnostic workflow were compared with those obtained by conventional diagnostic routine.

Results
Overall, the direct MALDI-TOF MS protocol allowed reliable identification to the species level of 92.1% of the 2133 monomicrobial BCs. Rate of matched identification was significantly higher for Enterobacterales (97.3%) in comparison to non-fermenting Gram-negative species (80.2%), obligate anaerobic bacteria (42.1%) and fastidious Gram-negative species (41.5%). The overall sensitivity of NG-Test® CARBA 5 and NG-Test® CTX-M MULTI was 92.2% and 91.6%, respectively. Integration of Easyplex® SuperBug CRE allowed the detection of blaKPC mutants associated with ceftazidime/avibactam resistance, reaching 100% sensitivity in carbapenemase detection. Both LFIAs and molecular testing showed no false-positive results.

Conclusions
Algorithms based on MALDI-TOF MS, LFIAs and molecular testing may represent a cost-effective tool to timely identify Gram-negative species and detect resistance markers directly from BCs. According to local epidemiology, these results may allow antimicrobial stewardship interventions including prompt use of new approved drugs.
Cycles of regional innovative growth
Authors: Esposito Christopher R 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
For academics and policymakers invested in regional economic development, two pertinent questions are how innovative city-regions rise and whether it is inevitable that innovative city-regions will fall. Using data from 8 million patents granted to U.S.-based inventors between 1850 and 1999, this study describes a general process that city-regions undergo as innovation begins, expands, declines and (sometimes) resurges in regions. The results of the study show that inventors experiment with a small number of promising, diverse and non-local ideas in the years before innovation in their home regions begins to grow, that inventors build on early locally introduced ideas as innovation in their home regions expands, and that inventors experiment with relatively homogeneous sets of ideas shortly before innovation in their home regions declines. The results also show that declining U.S. city-regions rarely experience second waves of local innovative growth. However, when they do experience second waves, those waves are anticipated by changes in the knowledge sourcing strategies of local inventors. In particular, the years leading up to second cycles of regional innovative growth, local inventors experiment with promising, diverse and non-local ideas.
Recovery of Partially Engorged Haemaphysalis longicornis (Acari: Ixodidae) Ticks from Active Surveillance
Authors: Price Keith J , Witmier Bryn J , Eckert Rebecca A , Boyer Christian N 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The invasive Asian longhorned tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis, has rapidly spread across the northeastern United States and is associated with pathogens of public health and veterinary concern. Despite its importance in pathogen dynamics, H. longicornis blood-feeding behavior in nature, specifically the likelihood of interrupted feeding, remains poorly documented. Here, we report the recovery of partially engorged, questing H. longicornis from active tick surveillance in Pennsylvania. Significantly more engorged H. longicornis nymphs (1.54%) and adults (3.07%) were recovered compared to Ixodes scapularis nymphs (0.22%) and adults (zero). Mean Scutal Index difference between unengorged and engorged nymph specimens was 0.65 and 0.42 for I. scapularis and H. longicornis, respectively, suggesting the questing, engorged H. longicornis also engorged to a comparatively lesser extent. These data are among the first to document recovery of engorged, host-seeking H. longicornis ticks and provide initial evidence for interrupted feeding and repeated successful questing events bearing implications for pathogen transmission and warranting consideration in vector dynamics models.
Essential work and emergency childcare: identifying gender differences in COVID-19 effects on labour demand and supply
Authors: Meekes Jordy , Hassink Wolter H J , Kalb Guyonne 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe examine whether the COVID-19 crisis affects women and men differently in terms of employment, working hours, and hourly wages, and whether the effects are demand or supply driven. COVID-19 impacts are studied using administrative data on all Dutch employees up to December 2020, focussing on the national lockdowns and emergency childcare for essential workers in the Netherlands. First, the impact of COVID-19 is much larger for non-essential workers than for essential workers. Although female non-essential workers are more affected than male non-essential workers, on average, women and men are equally affected, because more women than men are essential workers. Second, the impact for partnered essential workers with young children, both men and women, is not larger than for others. Third, single-parent essential workers respond with relatively large reductions in labour supply, suggesting emergency childcare was insufficient for them. Overall, labour demand effects appear larger than labour supply effects.