bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mental health in children and adolescents during the pandemic year 2020: Results from a department of child and adolescent psychiatry in Romania
Authors: Opait M. , Floricel A. , Niculae L. , Andrei E. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionInfectious diseases can disrupt the environment in which children live and have negative consequences for the well-being, development and mental health of this population.ObjectivesOur aim is to compare the number and diagnoses of patients admitted during the first COVID-19 pandemic year to patients admitted during the same period in the previous year.MethodsRetrospective observational study of patients admitted between March 1, 2020 and February 29, 2021 and the analogous period of 2019-2020 in a child psychiatry unit. Microsoft Excel was used for descriptive statistics.ResultsIn our first pandemic year, there were 47.9% less admissions to our inpatient unit (n=717), comparing to the previous year (n=1376). Regarding the outpatient-type evaluations, there were 37.7% more admissions than the previous year (n=1813). Considering the fact that the number of inpatiens was limited in 2020 due to the restrictive measures imposed, most of our patients were consulted on an outpatient basis. During the 5 weeks nationwide lockdown, 72 children were consulted, 42.8% representing psychiatry emergencies. Regarding the diagnoses made in the whole pandemic year, disorders of psychological development were the most common, with almost half of the total of admissions (44.4%). The number of autistic outpatients in the pandemic year (n=1004) was almost double than the one before (n=572).ConclusionsEven though there was a reduction of admissions to the child psychiatry inpatient unit during the first pandemic year, we did not identify major differences regarding the discharge diagnoses comparing to the year before.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
The Line between Psychosis and Schizotypy: a case report
Authors: Huerga García L. , Hernández Padrón E. , Casanova Gracia N. , Torres Nieves N. , Gómez Pérez P. , Garcia Gómez-Pamo F. , Dorta Gonzalez J.J. , Dorta González J.F. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionSince Kraepelin and Bleuler, schizotypy was understood as a mild expression of psychosis, a latent form with the same trajectory but different severity. They pointed characteristics such as being eccentric, unreasonable, supersticious or hipersensitive, interpersonal aversiveness (often related to suspiciousness and expectation of rejection), ambivalence, anhedonia,… and psychosis-like features that don’t usually lead to help-seeking.ObjectivesTo do a case reviewMethodsWe report a case of a 17 years old boy with a childhood trauma history who started psychiatric consultations a year and a half ago because his “usual” (as his mother referred) strange behaviour got worse, which was perceived by hisENT specialist. During the appointments, the patient showed suspiciousness, odd speech, inappropriate affect, tendency to social withdrawal, obsessive ruminations with sexual content and occasional perceptual experiences (such as depersonalization, derealization and auditory hallucinations).ResultsPsychosis and schizotypy are linked historically and phenomenologically, which is evidenced by their placement in non-affective psychosis in the ICD-10 and DSM-5, and it is known that the direct observation (by clinicians or family members) during the childhood and adolescence are key for a correct diagnosis. In fact, this construct reflects a phenotypic expression of vulnerability to schizophrenia, and during childhood or adolescence it may be understood as an early mental risk state.ConclusionsIn contrast to models of psychosis that mainly rely on positive features and assume a progression of them, the positive traits of schizotypy seem to be beneficial and related to a “benign or happy schizotypy” according to the articles we reviewed.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in children. A case report
Authors: Galerón R. , Huete Naval M. , Exposito Duran E. , Mayor Sanabria F. , Regueiro Martín-Albo C. , García-Escribano Martín F. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionWe present a 9-year-old girl with celiac disease who attends a Health Center referred by her pediatrician for rituals. Her mother describes rituals from early childhood that have been intensified by the death of her grandmother from pancreatic cancer. Since then, thoughts of gluten contamination and behaviors aimed at avoiding such contamination have increased. For example, not using the common household towel and not eating until all the guests have washed their hands. If the patient does not carry out these actions, she presents significant discomfort, crying and screaming until it is done. In addition, such behaviors take up a significant amount of time.ObjectivesTo review the literature of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) in children.MethodsLiterature review of scientific articles searching in Pubmed. We considered articles in English and Spanish.ResultsCognitive Behavioral Therapy and Sertraline up to 50mg were started. After several weeks the frequency of behaviors aimed at avoiding gluten contamination begins to decrease; as well as the anguish if these are not carried out.ConclusionsOCD in childhood can present characteristics that differentiate it from OCD in adulthood, such as difficulty detecting obsessions and that children do not usually consider thoughts as unreal or excessive. Therefore, it is a real challenge, having to carry out an adequate differential diagnosis with other entities such as specific phobias, for adequate subsequent management.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Risk Factors of Suicidal Behaviour in old age
Authors: Lozupone M. , Mollica A. , Berardino G. , Bellomo A. , Panza F. 
Published: September 2022

Several observational studies investigated risk factors for suicide attempts/completed suicides in older age with contrasting evidence from ongoing population-based research. The risk factors most associated to suicide attempts than other variables were: depressive disorders, methods employed to self-harm (particularly poisoning), and psychotropic drug utilization followed by psychological factors and disability. Moreover, male sex, violent methods to self-harm, any psychiatric disorder (depression, anxiety and bipolar disorders), a poor medical condition, stressors/bereavement, and living alone appeared to be more significant for predicting completed suicides in late life. There is growing evidence of a role of environmental exposures in the pathogenesis and epigenetics of suicidal behavior in older age. Little is known about the possible relationship between suicidal ideation in older age and its biopsychosocial predictors, although psychiatric disorders (among which late-life depression, LLD), play a fundamental role. LLD, distinguished as late-onset depression (LOD) and early-onset depression (EOD). Suicidal ideators accounted for 2.32% of subjects, were female, smokers and obese affected by multimorbidity. After adjusting for age, gender, education and social dysfunction, suicidal ideation was associated to LLD (EOD>LOD:OR:21.71, 95% CI:9.22-51.14). In the full random forest model, asthma was the most important contributor to suicidal ideation. Among biomarkers, interleukin (IL)-6 followed by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a, Apolipoprotein E e4 allele-carriers, C-reactive protein contributed most to suicidal ideation. Although EOD is a strong determinant of suicidal ideation, other non-psychiatric factors, i.e., serum inflammation biomarkers, APOE e4 allele, and multimorbidity, should be taken into account when evaluating a suicidal ideation phenotype in older age.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Descriptive analysis of patients admitted to a new adolescent inpatient unit in Madrid
Authors: Taracena Cuerda M. , Esperesate Pajares M. , Feito Garcia M. , Arranz Martin C. , Sánchez Sampedro E. , Jiménez Bidón A.M. , Puente García R. , Pastor Jordá C. 
Published: September 2022

Introduction
Adolescent mental health problems may have increased after COVID-19 worldwide pandemic. Therefore it seems necessary to study the state of mental health inpatient adolescent units.Objectives
Adolescent mental health problems may have increased after COVID-19 worldwide pandemic. Therefore it seems necessary to study the state of mental health inpatient adolescent units.MethodsAn observational and descriptive analysis of the sample of patients between 12 and 17 years-old, that were admitted to the inpatient mental health unit since its opening on April 2021.ResultsA total of 205 patients were admitted from April 2021 until October 2021. We have observed sex diferences within patients admitted, as the 82.9% of them were female. The mean age was 14.7, being 14.6 for girls and 15.3 for boys. The most common reason for admission (RFA) were suicidal ideation/attempt, eating disorders, affective disorders, conduct disorders/challenging behaviors and psychosis. Suicidal ideation/attempt was the most common RFA (57.07%) in both sexes, being higher among females (60.3%) than males (42.9%). Eating disorders were the second most common RFA in girls (17.7%) while psychosis (17.1%) and mood disorders (17.1%) were the second most common RFA within boys.ConclusionsFindings on how COVID-19 affected adolescents mental health are controversial in the literature, our data suggest that there is a need of developing quality studies that analyse how the pandemic might be influencing adolescents suicidal ideation/attempt and its protective and risk factors.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Self-injury in adolescents: expression of subjective discontent in contemporary society
Authors: Dörr Alamos A. , Viani S. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThis research aims to enrich the reflection on the current affairs and is an invitation to think about worrying phenomena in youngsters: self-injuries or cuts. A focused study was conducted on twenty young peopleObjectivesThis ris a reflection oabout worrying phenomena in youngsters: self-injuries or cuts. We try to figure out the underlying cause of such behaviourMethodsThrough a qualitative methodology, using clinical interview and questionnaire, we try to find the constitutive elements of self-injuries or cuts, considering three levels of analysis: Sociocultural, individual, and family changes. We examined twenty casesResultsIt appeared in the analysis that one of the triggers of the cutting phenomenon was related to experiences of rejection of significant figures, which is lived by the young person as a situation of abandonment that generates high amounts of anguish. This distressing experience generates a sensation of lack of control, appearing as unregulated affections, which they are unable to handle or manage. The intense anxiety is carried through the body, being an act of attack to the body, provokes physical pain an emotional reliefConclusionsYoung people’s subjective perception of the maternal figure is that of a dominant, controlling and demanding personality, which hinders an adequate differentiation process. With respect to the description that the young people make of themselves, we see that they refer to a marked emotional lability and the presence of dysthymic experiences. It appeared in the analysis that one of the triggers of the cutting phenomenon was related to experiences of rejection or separation of significant figures.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Electroconvulsive therapy in children and adolescents
Authors: Esperesate Pajares M. , Pastor Jordá C. , Taracena Cuerda M. , Puente García R. , Jiménez Bidón A.M. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionDespite its good results and tolerability in adults, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is barely administered in children and adolescents, with scarce evidence in these patients.ObjectivesWe aim to summarize the data available to give a clearer view of how children and adolescents might benefit from ECT.MethodsWe’ve done a bibliographic review in PubMed and Cochrane Library searching for articles that include the terms “electroconvulsive therapy” and “adolescents” and/or “children” and their variations.ResultsCurrent evidence supports the use of ECT in various indications as mood disorders, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, catatonia, neuroleptic malignant syndrome and self-injurious behaviours associated with autism, Tourette’s syndrome or intellectual disability. The efficacy and safety it’s comparable to adults and there are no absolute contraindications. Side-effect profile it’s also similar to the general population, reporting as the most frequent adverse effects headache, generalized body aching, and nausea or vomiting.ConclusionsECT is an effective and safe treatment for severe mental disorders in children and adolescents.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Neuropsychological profile of Turner Syndrome in relation to deficits in academic and psychosocial areas. A case report
Authors: Castellanos Villaverde T. , Izquierdo Pérez S. , Hospital Moreno A. , Louzao Rojas I. , Fernández-Jiménez E. 
Published: September 2022

Introduction
Previous reviews reported an association between Turner Syndrome (TS) and a profile of deficits in some neurocognitive domains (visual-spatial domains, mathematics, and executive functions: cognitive flexibility, working memory, cognitive inhibition, and problem solving), although pointing out individual variability.ObjectivesTo describe the neuropsychological profile of a patient with diagnosis of TS and psychosocial difficulties attended at the Service of Psychiatry, Clinical Psychology and Mental Health at La Paz University Hospital (Madrid).MethodsA descriptive study is conducted on a single case of a 11-year-old woman with diagnosis of TS attended by a clinical psychologist at a child-adolescent Mental health center for social, family and academic difficulties. Neuropsychological assessment was completed in October, 2021. The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Five Edition (WISC-V) and Neuropsychological Assessment of Executive Functions in Children (ENFEN) batteries were administered.ResultsThe full-scale intelligence quotient was observed in the normal range, with lower scores in non-verbal tasks. Deficits (range from z = -2.00 to -1.75) were observed in tests of working memory, processing speed and complex problem-solving tasks. The results showed great variability in other executive functioning tasks (selective attention tasks: from z = -1.75 to -0.75; and cognitive flexibility tasks: from z = -2.25 to 0.25).ConclusionsThe neurocognitive profile described in the literature was partially consistent with the results obtained in this study. The neuropsychological assessment can support the elucidation of clinical diagnostic and therapeutic factors in TS patients with relevant psychosocial or cognitive difficulties.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Quality of Life in Neurotypical Siblings of Children with an Autism Spectrum Disorder: Associations with Parental Social Support and demographic variables
Authors: Koukouriki E. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionHealth Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) is acknowledged as an important construct in describing the individuals overall condition within the health context. In the case of families with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), neurotypical siblings’ HRQOL is an important concept for this at-risk population. Social support has been identified as an important protective factor against parental psychological problems. However, possible associations between HRQOL in neurotypical ASD-siblings and parental variables, such as perceived social support, remained unexplored in the ASD-siblings’ literature.ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate any association between HRQOL in neurotypical ASD-siblings and parental perceived social support and key demographic variables.Methods118 parent-child-dyads from Greek ASD-families that fulfilled inclusion criteria participated in this study and answered a demographic questionnaire. Parents were administered the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived-Social-Support (MSPSS), while the children answered the Kidscreen-27. A hierarchical multiple regression was performed to test the hypothesis.Results
Hierarchical regression showed that neurotypical siblings HRQOL (as measured with KIDSCREEN-27 total score) was associated with perceived social support from the family (std beta=0.184; p=0.027; model 1), and this association persisted after demographics entered the model (std beta=0.369; p=0.015; model 2). Thus, it was found that the sibling’s HRQOL was associated with perceived social support from the family independent of demographics.ConclusionsThe results of the present study showed that the HRQOL in ASD-siblings is associated with perceived social support from the family, pointing to the need for supporting siblings and designing effective interventions in order to prevent possible mental health problems in neurotypical siblings of ASD individuals in the future.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Reinforcing the new diagnosis of Complex Post-Traumatic Stress disorder (CPTSD) of ICD-11: exploring the clinical outcomes in youth exposed to complex trauma
Authors: Marques Feixa L. , Romero S. , Moya-Higueras J. , Santamarina-Pérez P. , March-Llanes J. , Muñoz M.J. , Zorrilla I. , Rapado-Castro M. , Blasco-Fontecilla H. , Anglada E. , Ramirez M. , Fañanas L. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionYouth exposed to complex trauma (CT) show an increased risk of psychiatric morbidity, including a wide range of psychiatric disorders. However, to date, there is no specific diagnosis in the DSM-5 that capture the clinical complexity of these patients. Properly, the last version of the ICD-11 includes a diagnosis termed Complex Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (CPTSD), which considers the pattern of post-traumatic stress symptoms, plus life-impairing disturbances in self-organization (emotion dysregulation, negative self-concept and interpersonal problems). Clinical research about CPTSD, especially in younger population, is still limited.Objectives
To explore the symptomatology of CPTSD in a sample of youth exposed to CT and its association with worse clinical outcomes.Methods187 youth aged 7 to 17 years participated in the EPI_young_stress_project (116 with current psychiatric disorder and 71 healthy controls). CT was evaluated following the TASSCV criteria. To identify CPTSD symptomatology, we performed an exploratory factor analysis including CBCL and TEIQue items. The global level of functioning was measured by CGAS.ResultsPreliminary results pointed that youth exposed to CT showed greater internalizing (p<.001) and externalizing (p<.001) symptomatology. Regardless of their current primary diagnosis based on DSM-5, youth exposed to CT reported more CPTSD symptomatology (p<.001). Moreover, youth with CPTSD showed greater use of psychotropic drugs (p<.001), higher and longer hospitalizations (p=.002) and worse overall functioning (p<.001).ConclusionsThe inclusion of the CPTSD in future versions of mental disorders manuals should increase the implementation of early specific trauma interventions, which may improve victims’ lives and reduce the risk of worse clinical outcomes.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Suicide and Ageism
Authors: De Leo D. 
Published: September 2022

Suicide in old age is frequently considered the result of a rational decision. Accumulation of physical illnesses, frailty, dependence on others, loss of partner and loneliness are often seen as reasons that might justify suicidal acts. Depression is an important risk factor for suicidal behaviour even at very advanced age. However, ageistic views tend to consider depression as a normal feature of the aging process; it is possible that its presence can be overestimated or perhaps generalized more than necessary by making it the scapegoat of any situation related to suicide. In fact, adopting an attitude that involves excessive simplification of problems, where everything is attributable to ‘depression’, can induce a rigid prescriptive approach, often limited to the indication of an antidepressant drug. In this way, the appreciation of the multifactorial nature of an individual’s crisis becomes too narrow and the chances of counteracting the complexities of a dangerous suicide progression too modest. From a prospect of suicide prevention, approaching a patient carefully and prudently is always to be preferred to the disposition that considers life events as inevitable as well as all reactions related to them, including the most extreme, such as suicide. This attitude can lead to a poor involvement of the treating physicians, who might become too acceptant of the ‘unavoidability’ of the unfavourable progression of their patient. Such a passive approach may especially characterise the relationship with patients of very advanced age, where stressors of physical and non-physical nature easily aggregate, multiplying their impacting power.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Antisocial Personality disorder. A case report
Authors: Muñoz Martinez V. , León-Parente A. , Laura M.-D. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionAntisocial disorder is characterised by difficulty to adapt to social norms that normally rule different aspects of the person’s conduct in adolescence and adulthood. According to DSM-V, this disorder’s prevalence stands between 0.2% and 3%, and is more frequent in men.ObjectivesNumerous studies have been made about the influence between the environment and genetics for the development of this disorder, finding in several patients a punctual mutation of the monoamine oxidase gen (MAOA); although impulsive behaviour has also been associated to the 5-HT tranporte gene (5-HTT), and the protein coding gene for Tryptophan Hydroxylase TPH1MethodsThe hospital admission for these patients must be made when there’s autoregressive or hetero aggressive behaviour, suicide attempts, psychotic symptoms, or symptoms that generate important repercussions in the person’s normal functions. Nevertheless, is important to identify during the hospitalization the improvement possibilities of these patients in order to make drug or psychotherapy adjustments; in the case that we don’t observe treatment benefits, the patient will be released from the hospitalizationResultsThe main treatment is psychotherapy.ConclusionsThere’s not much evidence of drug use in this disorder, however, mood stabilizers, antidepressants, atypical antipshychotics and benzodiazepines are used for rage control, impulsiveness, anxiety and aggressiveness.DisclosureNo significant relationships.