bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 trends, public restrictions policies and vaccination status by economic ranking of countries: a longitudinal study from 110 countries
Authors: Park Myung-Bae , Ranabhat Chhabi Lal 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has transitioned to a third phase and many variants have been originated. There has been millions of lives loss as well as billions in economic loss. The morbidity and mortality for COVID-19 varies by country. There were different preventive approaches and public restrictions policies have been applied to control the COVID-19 impacts and usually measured by Stringency Index. This study aimed to explore the COVID-19 trend, public restriction policies and vaccination status with economic ranking of countries.

Methods
We received open access data from Our World in Data. Data from 210 countries were available. Countries (n = 110) data related to testing, which is a key variable in the present study, were included for the analysis and remaining 100 countries were excluded due to incomplete data. The analysis period was set between January 22, 2020 (when COVID-19 was first officially reported) and December 28, 2021. All analyses were stratified by year and the World Bank income group. To analyze the associations among the major variables, we used a longitudinal fixed-effects model.

Results
Out of the 110 countries included in our analysis, there were 9 (8.18%), 25 (22.72%), 31 (28.18%), and 45 (40.90%) countries from low income countries (LIC), low and middle income countries (LMIC), upper middle income countries (UMIC) and high income countries (HIC) respectively. New case per million was similar in LMIC, UMIC and HIC but lower in LIC. The number of new COVID-19 test were reduced in HIC and LMIC but similar in UMIC and LIC. Stringency Index was negligible in LIC and similar in LMIC, UMIC and HIC. New positivity rate increased in LMIC and UMIC. The daily incidence rate was positively correlated with the daily mortality rate in both 2020 and 2021. In 2020, Stringency Index was positive in LIC and HIC but a negative association in LMIC and in 2021 there was a positive association between UMIC and HIC. Vaccination coverage did not appear to change with mortality in 2021.

Conclusion
New COVID-19 cases, tests, vaccinations, positivity rates, and Stringency indices were low in LIC and highest in UMIC. Our findings suggest that the available resources of COVID-19 pandemic would be allocated by need of countries; LIC and UMIC.
Machine learning algorithm to characterize antimicrobial resistance associated with the International Space Station surface microbiome
Authors: Madrigal Pedro , Singh Nitin K. , Wood Jason M. , Gaudioso Elena , Hernández-del-Olmo Félix , Mason Christopher E. , Venkateswaran Kasthuri , Beheshti Afshin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has a detrimental impact on human health on Earth and it is equally concerning in other environments such as space habitat due to microgravity, radiation and confinement, especially for long-distance space travel. The International Space Station (ISS) is ideal for investigating microbial diversity and virulence associated with spaceflight. The shotgun metagenomics data of the ISS generated during the Microbial Tracking–1 (MT-1) project and resulting metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) across three flights in eight different locations during 12 months were used in this study. The objective of this study was to identify the AMR genes associated with whole genomes of 226 cultivable strains, 21 shotgun metagenome sequences, and 24 MAGs retrieved from the ISS environmental samples that were treated with propidium monoazide (PMA; viable microbes).

Results
We have analyzed the data using a deep learning model, allowing us to go beyond traditional cut-offs based only on high DNA sequence similarity and extending the catalog of AMR genes. Our results in PMA treated samples revealed AMR dominance in the last flight for Kalamiella piersonii, a bacteria related to urinary tract infection in humans. The analysis of 226 pure strains isolated from the MT-1 project revealed hundreds of antibiotic resistance genes from many isolates, including two top-ranking species that corresponded to strains of Enterobacter bugandensis and Bacillus cereus. Computational predictions were experimentally validated by antibiotic resistance profiles in these two species, showing a high degree of concordance. Specifically, disc assay data confirmed the high resistance of these two pathogens to various beta-lactam antibiotics.

Conclusion
Overall, our computational predictions and validation analyses demonstrate the advantages of machine learning to uncover concealed AMR determinants in metagenomics datasets, expanding the understanding of the ISS environmental microbiomes and their pathogenic potential in humans.
A community-operated landslide early warning approach: Myanmar case study
Authors: Dixon Neil , Smith Alister , Pietz Matthew 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA landslide early warning system based on monitoring acoustic emission (AE) generated by slope movements has been developed that can deliver alerts direct to a community at risk, with relevance to low- and middle-income countries. The Community Slope SAFE (Sensors for Acoustic Failure Early-warning) (CSS) approach uses steel waveguides driven into the slope to transmit detected high frequency noise (AE) to a sensor at the ground surface. CSS gives a measure of slope displacement rate. Continuously measured AE is compared to a pre-defined trigger level that is indicative of decreasing slope stability (i.e., landslide initiation), and a visual and audible alert automatically generated so that a community can follow a pre-defined course of action (e.g., evacuation). This paper describes the CSS approach and details a field trial of the system at two sites in Hakha, Chin Sate, Myanmar. The trial, which included training a group of youth Landslide Response Volunteers to install and operate the CSS system, increased landslide awareness and knowledge in the Hakha community, delivered the required real-time continuous operation, and demonstrated the practicality of using the CSS system for community landslide protection.
Spatial ability of transitioning 2D to 3D designs in virtual environment: understanding spatial ability in apparel design education
Authors: Moritz Anna , Youn Song-yi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAs the apparel industry has been transforming through digital-driven technologies in the apparel design process, the need for students to learn spatial visualization skills specified within a three-dimensional virtual environment is critical. By applying an apparel spatial visualization test into a virtual environment (ASVT-V), the purpose of this study is to examine the three-dimensional visualization skills in a virtual prototype environment of students who are majoring in apparel design and product development at the college level. The dataset was collected from 70 college students and analyzed by adopting correlation and variance analysis (ANOVA). Results from an online survey indicate that their ASVT-V scores were positively related to their general spatial visualization skills measured by a paper folding test. The results also indicate that students who received higher scores on the ASVT-V performed better in apparel design-related courses, while there was no influence on their perceived performance from the number of apparel design-related courses taken. This study provides practical implications for professionals in apparel design and product development education in that they can consider ASVT-V scores to understand and enhance domain-specific spatial visualization skills.
Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) variable number of tandem repeat polymorphisms in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: an association study in Turkish population
Authors: Pehlivan Sacide , Oyaci Yasemin , Tuncel Fatima Ceren , Aytac Hasan Mervan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundPro-inflammatory/anti-inflammatory cytokine imbalance in cerebrospinal fluid or plasma of schizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) patients has been documented over the last decade. We aim to examine the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist(IL-1RA)andIL-4variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphisms in SCZ and BD patients by comparing them with healthy controls.MethodsTwo hundred and thirty-four unrelated patients (127 patients with SCZ, 107 patients with BD) and 204 healthy controls were included. The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders was used to confirm the diagnosis. In addition, the polymerase chain reaction technique was used to investigateIL-1RAandIL-4VNTR polymorphisms.ResultsOur results showed that the distributions ofIL-1RAandIL-4genotype and the allele frequencies of SCZ or BD patients were not significantly different from the healthy control group.IL-1RAallele 2 homozygous genotype andIL-1RAallele 2 frequencies were non-significantly higher among SCZ patients than in controls.ConclusionsOur study indicates that theIL-1RA and IL-4VNTR polymorphisms are not considered risk factors for developing SCZ and BD among Turkish patients.
Shear wave elastography as a quantitative method for thyroid gland elasticity assessment in pediatrics patients with autoimmune-related thyroid disease, diagnostic utility and laboratory correlation
Authors: Kamel Sara Mahmoud , ElKhashab Khaled Mohamed , Bhagat Suchi , Elzayat Wessam Abdelrahman 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) is the most common thyroid pathology in pediatric patients among which Hashimoto’s thyroiditis has the highest prevalence. Along with size, measuring mechano-acoustic tissue elasticity is evolving as an important parameter in the evaluation of diffuse thyroid pathology. This study aims to investigate the role of shear wave elastography (SWE) in the diagnosis of autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) in the pediatric population and also compare the elasticity between them and healthy individuals.

Results
This case–control analytical study was carried out on 64 pediatric subjects ranging in age from 7 to 17 years. All the cases were diagnosed as AIT by anti-thyroid antibodies, and their thyroid function was evaluated by thyroid hormones. We performed thyroid Ultrasonography and Shear wave elastography. Patients with AIT had significantly higher elasticity values (35.6 kPa, IQR 8.43–103.7 kPa) than the control group (9.35 kPa, IQR 5.73–13.21 kPa). There was no correlation of elasticity values of thyroid gland in patients with AIT with autoantibodies and thyroid function test, respectively. The cutoff value for elasticity was 12.317 kPa with sensitivity and specificity of 96.9% and 100%, respectively.

Conclusions
SWE is a highly sensitive imaging method integrating routine ultrasonography in the diagnosis of AITD which estimates the extent of fibrosis in numerical value.
A cross-sectional study on the influence of COVID-19 pandemic on physical activity patterns among residents in a South Indian City
Authors: Ganesh G. Shankar , Dakshinamoorthy Anandhi , Tamilalagan M. , Shah Deepali , Dokania Saloni 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Studies have revealed that the COVID-19 pandemic has increased sedentary behavior and reduced the number of physical activities in public. The present study attempted to assess the changes in physical activity patterns among the residents of a south Indian city at different stages after the COVID-19 outbreak.
The present cross-sectional prospective study was conducted on 372 participants between November 2020 and March 2021. The physical activity patterns before, during, and after the lockdown phase were collected using a custom-built questionnaire, and the current level of physical activity was recorded using the international physical activity questionnaire–short form (IPAQ-SF).

Results
Higher number of respondents reported limiting the intensity of physical activities during and after lockdown [(228/372; 61.29%) and (216/372; 58.06%), respectively]. Additionally, respondents reporting lower physical activity intensity [mean total metabolic equivalents of task (MET)/week: 1182.80] compared with (99/372; 26.61%), and (63/372; 16.93%) numbers of participants who engaged in moderate (mean total MET/week-3005.86) and high levels (mean total MET/week-4188.67) of physical activities respectively.

Conclusions
The results of the study reported immediate and long-term impacts on self-reported physical activity patterns among the study sample.
Nifurtimox for Treatment of Chagas Disease in Pediatric Patients: the Challenges of Applying Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Principles to Dose Finding
Authors: Stass Heino , Ince Ibrahim , Grossmann Ulrike , Weimann Boris , Willmann Stefan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The
antiparasitic drug nifurtimox was approved in the USA in 2020 for the treatment of patients with Chagas disease aged less than 18 years and weighing at least 2.5 kg, based on outcomes from the phase 3 CHICO study. Accordingly, pediatric patients with Chagas disease take nifurtimox thrice daily with food at one of two body weight–adjusted dose ranges. We investigated possible relationships between pharmacokinetic (PK) data, and pharmacodynamic efficacy and safety data collected in an analysis population of 111 participants in CHICO, using a published population PK model to estimate nifurtimox exposure at the patient level. Pediatric exposure to nifurtimox was benchmarked against levels of nifurtimox exposure known to be effective in adults with Chagas disease. Given the complex dosing regimen for nifurtimox, we also modeled nifurtimox exposure associated with simpler dosing strategies. We found no relationship between exposure to nifurtimox and efficacy measures (e.g., serological response to treatment), or between exposure and safety outcomes (including typical adverse events, e.g., headache, decreased appetite, nausea/vomiting). The analysis population appeared to represent the overall CHICO population based on the similarity of their baseline characteristics and the profiles of adverse events in the two groups. Modeled exposure based on the dosing regimen in CHICO was within the reference range derived from phase 1 data in adults. The relationship between nifurtimox exposure and cure is complex; a simplified pediatric dosing regimen is unlikely to be beneficial.
Graphical abstract
Endovascular Therapy for Cerebral Vein Thrombosis: A Propensity-Matched Analysis of Anticoagulation in the Treatment of Cerebral Venous Thrombosis
Authors: Siegler James E. , Shu Liqi , Yaghi Shadi , Salehi Omran Setareh , Elnazeir Marwa , Bakradze Ekaterina , Psychogios Marios , De Marchis Gian Marco , Yu Siyuan , Klein Piers , Abdalkader Mohamad , Nguyen Thanh N. 
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND:
Endovascular treatment (EVT) for cerebral vein thrombosis (CVT) has not been proven to be more effective than anticoagulation based on recent results of the Thrombolysis or Anticoagulation for Cerebral Venous Thrombosis (TO-ACT) randomized clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE:
To compare outcomes of EVT vs medical management in CVT.

METHODS:
We compared EVT vs medical management in a retrospective multinational cohort of consecutive patients with CVT across 4 countries (USA, Italy, Switzerland, and New Zealand) and 27 sites (2015-2020), using propensity score matching (PSM) and inverse probability treatment weighting (IPTW), and meta-analyzed these results with the TO-ACT trial. The primary outcome was excellent functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] 0-1) at 90 days.

RESULTS:
Of the 987 patients, the mean age was 45.7 ± 16.9 years and 79 (8%) underwent EVT. With PSM (n = 124), there were no major differences in clinical or imaging features between groups other than a higher proportion of female patients receiving EVT (81% vs 65%, P = .04). There was no difference in the primary outcome with PSM (odds ratio [OR] 1.48, 95% CI, 0.55-3.96) or IPTW (OR 1.02, 95% CI, 0.34-3.06). EVT was associated with a higher 90-day shift in modified Rankin Scale (OR 2.00, 95% CI, 1.01-3.98) and mortality with IPTW (OR 4.60, 95% CI, 1.10-19.23) but no other differences in secondary outcomes with PSM or IPTW. A meta-analysis of primary and secondary outcomes from TO-ACT and PSM patients from anticoagulation in the treatment of cerebral venous thrombosis also showed no significant association with EVT in primary or secondary outcomes.

CONCLUSION:
In this large observational cohort, there was no evidence of benefit with EVT for CVT. These findings corroborate the results from the TO-ACT trial.
Voxel-Based Morphometric MRI Postprocessing-Assisted Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy for Focal Cortical Dysplasia-Suspected Lesions: Technique and Outcomes
Authors: Hu Wen-han , Mo Jia-jie , Yang Bo-wen , Liu Huan-guang , Zhang Chao , Wang Xiu , Qiu Jia-ji , Zhao Bao-tian , Shao Xiao-qiu , Zhang Jian-guo , Zhang Kai 
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND:
MRI-guided laser interstitial thermal therapy (MRgLITT) is a novel treatment modality for focal cortical dysplasia (FCD). However, identifying the location and extent of subtle FCD by visual analysis during MRgLITT remains challenging.

OBJECTIVE:
To introduce voxel-based morphometric MRI postprocessing into the procedure of MRgLITT for FCD-suspected lesions and assess the complementary value of the MRI postprocessing technique for the trajectory design and thermal parameter setting of MRgLITT.

METHODS:
Junction and normalized fluid-attenuated inversion recovery signal intensity images were used to detect the gray–white matter junction blurring and cortical fluid-attenuated inversion recovery hyperintensity, respectively. According to the 2 postprocessing images, the region of interest (ROI) for ablation was drawn. The main principle of presurgical planning is that the trajectory of the laser fiber was designed as far as possible along the long axis of the ROI while the extent of planned ablation covered the entire ROI. The subsequent intraoperative procedure was performed under the guidance of the presurgical plan.

RESULTS:
Nine patients with epilepsy with FCD-suspected lesions underwent MRgLITT with the assistance of MRI postprocessing images. Among them, 4 patients were junction positive, 2 patients were normalized fluid-attenuated inversion recovery signal intensity positive, and the remaining 3 patients were positive for both. Postsurgical MRI demonstrated that the ROIs were ablated entirely in 7 patients. Engel Ia, Ib, and IV scores were obtained at 1-year follow-up for 6, 1, and 2 patients, respectively.

CONCLUSION:
MRI postprocessing provides complementary information for designing the laser fiber trajectory and subsequent ablation for FCDs.
Limiting adverse birth outcomes in resource-limited settings (LABOR): protocol of a prospective intrapartum cohort study
Authors: Adu-Amankwah Amanda , Bellad Mrutunjaya B. , Benson Aimee M. , Beyuo Titus K. , Bhandankar Manisha , Charanthimath Umesh , Chisembele Maureen , Cole Stephen R. , Dhaded Sangappa M. , Enweronu-Laryea Christabel , Freeman Bethany L. , Freeman Nikki L. B. , Goudar Shivaprasad S. , Jiang Xiaotong , Kasaro Margaret P. , Kosorok Michael R. , Luckett Daniel , Mbewe Felistas M. , Misra Sujata , Mutesu Kunda , Nuamah Mercy A. , Oppong Samuel A. , Patterson Jackie K. , Peterson Marc , Pokaprakarn Teeranan , Price Joan T. , Pujar Yeshita V. , Rouse Dwight J. , Sebastião Yuri V. , Spelke M. Bridget , Sperger John , Stringer Jeffrey S. A. , Tuuli Methodius G. , Valancius Michael , Vwalika Bellington ,   LABOR Study Group
Published: August 2022

Background: Each year, nearly 300,000 women and 5 million fetuses or neonates die during childbirth or shortly thereafter, a burden concentrated disproportionately in low- and middle-income countries. Identifying women and their fetuses at risk for intrapartum-related morbidity and death could facilitate early intervention. Methods: The Limiting Adverse Birth Outcomes in Resource-Limited Settings (LABOR) Study is a multi-country, prospective, observational cohort designed to exhaustively document the course and outcomes of labor, delivery, and the immediate postpartum period in settings where adverse outcomes are frequent. The study is conducted at four hospitals across three countries in Ghana, India, and Zambia. We will enroll approximately 12,000 women at presentation to the hospital for delivery and follow them and their fetuses/newborns throughout their labor and delivery course, postpartum hospitalization, and up to 42 days thereafter. The co-primary outcomes are composites of maternal (death, hemorrhage, hypertensive disorders, infection) and fetal/neonatal adverse events (death, encephalopathy, sepsis) that may be attributed to the intrapartum period. The study collects extensive physiologic data through the use of physiologic sensors and employs medical scribes to document examination findings, diagnoses, medications, and other interventions in real time. Discussion: The goal of this research is to produce a large, sharable dataset that can be used to build statistical algorithms to prospectively stratify parturients according to their risk of adverse outcomes. We anticipate this research will inform the development of new tools to reduce peripartum morbidity and mortality in low-resource settings.
Braf protein mutation and its significancy within patients with melanoma
Authors: Kuchnicka Julia , Kuchnicka Aleksandra , Kosz Katarzyna , Remjasz Klaudia , Zarankiewicz Natalia , Zielińska Martyna , Sapuła Klaudia , Aleksandrowicz Jakub , Siedlecki Wojciech 
Published: August 2022

Introduction and purpose:
This review aims to analyze BRAF mutation significancy and its influence on progression and therapy methods within patients with melanoma.
Material and method:
This review was mainly based on articles collected in Pubmed in years 2004-2018. The research was done by looking through keywords as follows “braf kinase”, “braf mutation”, “melanoma” “wemurafenib”.
Results:
The selected studies have demonstrated that it is justified to identify patient with BRAF mutation due to it’s influence on treatment’s method choosing.
Conclusions:
Citied researches have proven BRAF mutation significancy in growth and progressions of many malignant tumors. Further tests are likely to not only prolong life expectancy within patients with melanoma, but also being a source of crucial knowledge about tumors development.
Case Article—School Timetabling Problem: A Scheduling Problem for High-School Institutions
Authors: Saltos Ramiro , Maldonado Sebastián 
Published: August 2022

We present a comprehensive case study to integrate students into several concepts related to integer linear programming. The case article starts with a relatively simple scheduling/assignment problem. Then, the problem incorporates new elements to present various modeling principles incrementally. Each variation of the case enables the instructor to engage in insightful discussion about the nature of the optimal solutions and how the changes made to the objective function or key constraints affect these solutions. The case article also describes different ways to use the case, which range from a comprehensive introduction to a concluding capstone project in an undergraduate or graduate course in linear and integer programming. Funding: This work was supported by Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico [Grant 1200221] and Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo [Grant AFB180003]. Supplemental Material: The Teaching Note and data file are available at https://www.informs.org/Publications/Subscribe/Access-Restricted-Materials .