bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconfigurable Robotic System Design With Application to Cleaning and Maintenance
Authors: Hayat A. A. , Yi Lim , Kalimuthu M. , Elara M. R. , Wood K. L. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The design of cleaning and maintenance (CaM) robots is generally limited by their fixed morphologies, resulting in limited functions and modes of operation. Contrary to fixed shape robots, the design of reconfigurable robots presents unique challenges in designing their system, subsystems, and functionalities with the scope for innovative operational scenarios and achieving high performance in multiple modalities without compromise. This paper proposes a heuristic framework using three layers, namely input, formulation, and output layer, for designing reconfigurable robots with the aid of established transformation principles including expand/collapse, expose/cover, and fuse/divide observed in several products, services, and systems. We apply this heuristic framework approach to the novel design of a pavement CaM robotic system and subsystems, namely, (i) varying footprint, (ii) transmission, (iii) outer skin or cover, (iv) storage bin, (v) surface cleaning, and (vi) vacuum/suction and blowing. The advances in the design method using the heuristic approach are demonstrated by developing an innovative reconfigurable design for the CaM task. Kinematic analysis and control architecture enables the unique locomotion behavior and gaits, namely, (a) static reconfiguration and (b) reconfiguration while locomotion, supported by the control architecture. Experiments were conducted, and outcomes were discussed along with the failure mode analysis to support the design robustness and limitations through the observations made from the development to testing phase over one year. A detailed video demonstrating the design capabilities is linked.
Where are female editors from low-income and middle-income countries? A comprehensive assessment of gender, geographical distribution and country’s income group of editorial boards of top-ranked rehabilitation and sports science journals
Authors: Memon Aamir Raoof , Ahmed Ishtiaq , Ghaffar Nabiha , Ahmed Kainat , Sadiq Iqra 
Published: January 2022

ObjectiveWe aimed to examine the gender, geographical region and income group of the country of affiliation for editorial leadership (eg, editor-in-chief, section editor, associate editor) and advisors (eg, editorial board members) in top-ranked rehabilitation and sports science journals.MethodsA list of Scopus indexed, Q1 (25% top) rehabilitation and sports science journals, available under four different journal categories, was prepared based on the data from the Scientific Journal Rankings (SJR) website. The information for editorial leadership and advisors for these journals was obtained and their gender was determined through a multistep process. The country of affiliation of editorial leadership and advisors was used to categorise them to World Bank’s different geographical regions and income groups (for countries).ResultsThere were 7248 editors (35.7% leadership and 64.3% advisors) across 113 rehabilitation and sports science journals. Of all editors, 1792 (24.7%) were women. Women represented 24.5% of editorial leadership positions, 24.8% of advisory roles and 10.4% of editors-in-chief. Editors from South Asia (0.5%) and sub-Saharan Africa (0.6%) had the least representation, while those affiliated with institutions from high-income countries represented 93.5% of leadership roles and 93.1% of advisory positions. Moreover, editors affiliated with institutions from North America occupied almost half of all editorial roles.ConclusionsWomen and researchers affiliated with institutions from low-income and middle-income countries are under-represented on the editorial boards of top-ranked rehabilitation and sports science journals indexed in the Scopus database. Editors are responsible for promoting research in their specific field, and therefore, the current leadership in rehabilitation and sports science journals should consider diversifying their editorial boards by providing equitable opportunities to women and researchers from a broader geographical distribution.
Role of HLA-DQ typing and antitissue transglutaminase antibody titres in diagnosing coeliac disease among Sudanese children with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Ibaid Ibtihag , Hussien Mohammed , Kaukinen Katri , Sabir Omayma , Elmekki Miskelyemen , Musa Azza , Abdelhadi Nasreldein , El Hussein Abdel Rahim , Saavalainen Päivi 
Published: January 2022

ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of coeliac disease (CD) and to recognise Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-associated hereditary susceptibility to Sudanese CD patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1).DesignAntitissue transglutaminase IgA (anti-TG IgA) was measured in the serum of 373 children affected with DM1 aged 1–19-year old and in 100 serum samples from non-diabetic control children. Histological examination was performed in 19 children seropositive for anti-TG IgA (17 DMI and 2 controls). Additionally, PCR-based analysis of Major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ beta 1 (HLA-DQB1) genotyping was implemented in three study population groups as follows: group 1 (n=25) (+ve DM1 and +ve CD), group 2 (n=63) (-ve DM1 and +ve CD) and control group 3 (n=2) (+ve CD).ResultsTwenty-six Sudanese children with DM1 out of 373 (6.97%) were seropositive for anti-TG IgA. Duodenal biopsy revealed Marsh 2 and 3 in 13 out of 17 (76.47%) seropositive anti-TG IgA patients with DM1. Significant association (p<0.05) was detected between the level of anti-TG IgA autoantibodies (IU/mL) and Marsh stage. HLA DQ2 and DQ8 were found in 88% (22/25) and 8% (2/25) of examined patients with CD with DM1, respectively.ConclusionsAnti-TG IgA titre of greater than 10 times upper limit of normal (≥10× ULN) can be useful for detecting CD in children with type 1 diabetes without duodenal biopsy. HLA testing in children with DM1 appears to provide little added benefit given the high prevalence (96%) of HLA DQ2/DQ8 in children with DM1.
Effectiveness of a large-scale home visiting programme (PIM) on early child development in Brazil: quasi-experimental study nested in a birth cohort
Authors: Viegas da Silva Eduardo , Hartwig Fernando Pires , Barros Fernando , Murray Joseph 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundA large-scale parenting programme with weekly home visits (Primeira Infância Melhor (PIM)) has been implemented in the south of Brazil for nearly two decades, but lacks evaluation of its effects on early childhood development (ECD). This quasi-experimental study aimed to assess the effects of PIM in real-life settings within a population-based birth cohort study.MethodsData from the 2015 Pelotas Birth Cohort Study and the state programme information system were linked to identify study children who received PIM. Propensity score matching was used to create a comparable control group (using one-to-one matching) to estimate the effect of PIM on ECD measured at age 4 years. First, the impact of any enrolment in PIM was evaluated; then the intervention group was stratified according to whether enrolment occurred during pregnancy or after birth. Double adjustment was applied in linear regression to analyse child development scores, and Poisson regression for delayed development (below the 10th percentile of whole cohort). Effect modification due to family income was explored.ResultsThere was no evidence that any enrolment in PIM (601 pairs) by age 4 years was associated with child development. However, PIM starting during pregnancy (estimated for 121 pairs) predicted 60% lower prevalence of delayed development (prevalence ratio=0.40; 95% CI 0.18 to 0.89), compared with the control group. There was strong statistical evidence (p=0.02, test of interaction) that the effect of PIM starting in pregnancy was larger than when starting after birth (480 pairs). The effect of PIM starting during pregnancy was not modified by family income at birth.ConclusionsIn a real-life setting, PIM was effective only when starting during pregnancy. A higher-quality programme might be more effective with a broader population.
Green CURIOCITY: a study protocol for a European birth cohort study analysing childhood heat-related health impacts and protective effects of urban natural environments
Authors: van den Bosch Matilda , Basagaña Xavier , Mudu Pierpaolo , Kendrovski Vladimir , Maitre Léa , Hjertager Krog Norun , Aasvang Gunn Marit , Grazuleviciene Regina , McEachan Rosemary , Vrijheid Martine , Nieuwenhuijsen Mark J 
Published: January 2022

IntroductionThe European climate is getting warmer and the impact on childhood health and development is insufficiently understood. Equally, how heat-related health risks can be reduced through nature-based solutions, such as exposure to urban natural environments, is unknown. Green CURe In Outdoor CITY spaces (Green CURIOCITY) will analyse how heat exposure during pregnancy affects birth outcomes and how long-term heat exposure may influence children’s neurodevelopment. We will also investigate if adverse effects can be mitigated by urban natural environments. A final goal is to visualise intraurban patterns of heat vulnerability and assist planning towards healthier cities.Methods and analysisWe will use existing data from the Human Early-Life Exposure cohort, which includes information on birth outcomes and neurodevelopment from six European birth cohorts. The cohort is linked to data on prenatal heat exposure and impact on birth outcomes will be analysed with logistic regression models, adjusting for air pollution and noise and sociobehavioural covariates. Similarly, impact of cumulative and immediate heat exposure on neurodevelopmental outcomes at age 5 will be assessed. For both analyses, the potentially moderating impact of natural environments will be quantified. For visualisation, Geographical information systems data will be combined to develop vulnerability maps, demonstrating urban ‘hot spots’ where the risk of negative impacts of heat is aggravated due to sociodemographic and land use patterns. Finally, geospatial and meteorological data will be used for informing GreenUr, an existing software prototype developed by the WHO Regional Office for Europe to quantify health impacts and augment policy tools for urban green space planning.Ethics and disseminationThe protocol was approved by the Comité Ético de Investigación Clínica Parc de Salut MAR, Spain. Findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at policy events. Through stakeholder engagement, the results will also reach user groups and practitioners.
JAG consensus statements for training and certification in oesophagogastroduodenoscopy
Authors: Siau Keith , Beales Ian L P , Haycock Adam , Alzoubaidi Durayd , Follows Rachael , Haidry Rehan , Mannath Jayan , McConnell Susan , Murugananthan Aravinth , Ravindran Srivathsan , Riley Stuart A , Williams R N , Trudgill Nigel John , Veitch Andrew M 
Published: January 2022

IntroductionTraining and quality assurance in oesophagogastroduodenoscopy (OGD) is important to ensure competent practice. A national evidence-based review was undertaken to update and develop standards and recommendations for OGD training and certification.MethodsUnder the oversight of the Joint Advisory Group (JAG), a modified Delphi process was conducted with stakeholder representation from British Society of Gastroenterology, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, trainees and trainers. Recommendations on OGD training and certification were formulated following literature review and appraised using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation. These were subjected to electronic voting to achieve consensus. Accepted statements were incorporated into the updated certification pathway.ResultsIn total, 32 recommendation statements were generated for the following domains: definition of competence (4 statements), acquisition of competence (12 statements), assessment of competence (10 statements) and post-certification support (6 statements). The consensus process led to following certification criteria: (1) performing ≥250 hands-on procedures; (2) attending a JAG-accredited basic skills course; (3) attainment of relevant minimal performance standards defined by British Society of Gastroenterology/Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons of Great Britain and Ireland, (4) achieving physically unassisted D2 intubation and J-manoeuvre in ≥95% of recent procedures, (5) satisfactory performance in formative and summative direct observation of procedural skills assessments.ConclusionThe JAG standards for diagnostic OGD have been updated following evidence-based consensus. These standards are intended to support training, improve competency assessment to uphold standards of practice and provide support to the newly-independent practitioner.
Immune gene expression and functional networks in distinct lupus nephritis classes
Authors: Gilmore Alyssa C , Wilson Hannah R , Cairns Thomas D , Botto Marina , Lightstone Liz , Bruce Ian N , Terence Cook Herbert , Pickering Matthew Caleb 
Published: January 2022

ObjectiveTo explore the utility of the NanoString platform in elucidating kidney immune transcripts for class III, IV and V lupus nephritis (LN) using a retrospective cohort of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) kidney biopsy tissue.MethodsImmune gene transcript analysis was performed using the NanoString nCounter platform on RNA from LN (n=55), thin basement membrane (TBM) disease (n=14) and membranous nephropathy (MN) (n=9) FFPE kidney biopsy tissue. LN samples consisted of single class III (n=11), IV (n=23) and V (n=21) biopsies with no mixed lesions. Differential gene expression was performed with NanoString nSolver, with visualisations of volcano plots and heatmaps generated in R. Significant transcripts were interrogated to identify functional networks using STRING and Gene ontogeny terms.ResultsIn comparison to TBM, we identified 52 significantly differentially expressed genes common to all three LN classes. Pathway analysis showed enrichment for type I interferon (IFN) signalling, complement and MHC II pathways, with most showing the highest expression in class IV LN. Our class IV LN biopsies also showed significant upregulation of NF-κB signalling and immunological enrichment in comparison to class V LN biopsies. Transcripts from the type I IFN pathway distinguished class V LN from MN.ConclusionOur whole kidney section transcriptomic analysis provided insights into the molecular profile of class III, IV and V LN. The data highlighted important pathways common to all three classes and pathways enriched in our class IV LN biopsies. The ability to reveal molecular pathways in LN using FFPE whole biopsy sections could have clinical utility in treatment selection for LN.
Randomised control trial of a proactive intervention supporting recovery in relation to stress and irregular work hours: effects on sleep, burn-out, fatigue and somatic symptoms
Authors: Dahlgren Anna , Tucker Philip , Epstein Majken , Gustavsson Petter , Söderström Marie 
Published: January 2022

ObjectivesTo examine if a proactive recovery intervention for newly graduated registered nurses (RNs) could prevent the development of sleep problems, burn-out, fatigue or somatic symptoms.MethodsThe study was a randomised control trial with parallel design. Newly graduated RNs with less than 12 months’ work experience were eligible to participate. 461 RNs from 8 hospitals in Sweden were invited, of which 207 signed up. These were randomised to either intervention or control groups. After adjustments, 99 RNs were included in the intervention group (mean age 27.5 years, 84.7% women) and 108 in the control group (mean age 27.0 years, 90.7% women). 82 RNs in the intervention group attended a group-administered recovery programme, involving three group sessions with 2 weeks between each session, focusing on proactive strategies for sleep and recovery in relation to work stress and shift work. Effects on sleep, burn-out, fatigue and somatic symptoms were measured by questionnaires at baseline, postintervention and at 6 months follow-up.ResultsPreventive effect was seen on somatic symptoms for the intervention group. Also, the intervention group showed less burn-out and fatigue symptoms at postintervention. However, these latter effects did not persist at follow-up. Participants used many of the strategies from the programme.ConclusionsA proactive, group-administered recovery programme could be helpful in strengthening recovery and preventing negative health consequences for newly graduated RNs.Trial registration numberNCT04246736.
Associations between physical activity, left atrial size and incident atrial fibrillation: the Tromsø Study 1994–2016
Authors: Heitmann Kim Arne , Løchen Maja-Lisa , Stylidis Michael , Hopstock Laila A , Schirmer Henrik , Morseth Bente 
Published: January 2022

AimsLeft atrial (LA) enlargement is an independent risk factor for atrial fibrillation (AF). Interestingly, some athletes have increased risk of AF, which may be linked to LA enlargement; however, little is known about the relationship between LA enlargement and AF risk at moderate-level physical activity (PA). We aimed to explore the associations between PA, LA size and risk of incident AF, and if PA can attenuate the risk of AF with LA enlargement.MethodsThis prospective study followed 2479 participants (52.4% female), free from known cardiac pathology, for median 20.2 years. Participants were followed up for hospital-diagnosed AF, confirmed by electrocardiography, from 1994-95 through 2016. At baseline, LA size was evaluated by anteroposterior LA diameter, and PA was self-reported by questionnaire.ResultsWe observed a U-shaped relationship between PA and AF, and moderately active had 32% lower AF risk than inactive (HRadjusted0.68, 95% CI 0.50 to 0.93). Participants with LA enlargement had 38% higher AF risk compared with participants with normal LA size (HRadjusted1.38, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.69). However, the increased AF risk with LA enlargement was attenuated by PA; compared with inactive participants with LA enlargement, the AF risk was 45% lower among active with LA enlargement (HRadjusted0.55, 95% CI 0.39 to 0.79). AF risk in active participants with LA enlargement did not differ from active with normal LA size. These patterns were observed in both men and women, and in participants over/under 65 years.ConclusionModerate PA was associated with reduced AF risk, and PA attenuated the increased risk of AF with LA enlargement in both men and women and all age groups.
Hypertension and psychosis
Authors: Sudarshan Yauvani , Cheung Bernard M Y 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Hypertension, a prevalent component of metabolic syndrome (MetS), is a well-known risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Psychosis is a feature in the schizophrenia spectrum. Meta-analysis suggests that the prevalence of hypertension in schizophrenia and related disorders is 39%. This may be explained by a unidirectional association between hypertension and psychosis, in that psychosis can be a causative factor of hypertension via antipsychotic medication, inflammation and irregular autonomic nervous system activity through multiple mechanisms. Obesity is a side effect of antipsychotic medication and is a risk factor for hypertension. Obesity leads to raised blood pressure, atherosclerosis, increased triglyceride concentration and decreased high-density lipoprotein concentration. Inflammation accompanies hypertension and obesity. In recent years, the role of inflammation in the onset of psychosis has been increasingly recognised. It underlies the immune dysregulation observed in both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Interleukin-6, a marker and driver of inflammation, is related to obesity and plays a role in the pathogenesis of MetS and hypertension. The lack of preventive care of hypertension and other MetS risk factors for patients on antipsychotic medication is reflected in the high incidence of CVD in this population. It is important to detect and treat MetS and hypertension in patients with psychosis in order to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in this population.
Finiteness of the triple gauge-ghost vertices in $${{\mathcal {N}}}=1$$ supersymmetric gauge theories: the two-loop verification
Authors: Kuzmichev Mikhail , Meshcheriakov Nikolai , Novgorodtsev Sergey , Shatalova Victoria , Shirokov Ilya , Stepanyantz Konstantin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBy an explicit calculation we demonstrate that the triple gauge-ghost vertices in a general renormalizable$${{\mathcal {N}}}=1$$N=1supersymmetric gauge theory are UV finite in the two-loop approximation. For this purpose we calculate the two-loop divergent contribution to the$$\bar{c}^+ V c$$c¯+Vc-vertex proportional to$$(C_2)^2$$(C2)2and use the finiteness of the two-loop contribution proportional to$$C_2 T(R)$$C2T(R)which has been checked earlier. The theory under consideration is regularized by higher covariant derivatives and quantized in a manifestly$${{\mathcal {N}}}=1$$N=1supersymmetric way with the help of$${{\mathcal {N}}}=1$$N=1superspace. The two-loop finiteness of the vertices with one external line of the quantum gauge superfield and two external lines of the Faddeev–Popov ghosts has been verified for a general$$\xi $$ξ-gauge. This result agrees with the nonrenormalization theorem proved earlier in all orders, which is an important step for the all-loop derivation of the exact NSVZ$$\beta $$β-function.
On the ambiguity between differential and integral forms of the Martin–Ryskin–Watt unintegrated parton distribution function model
Authors: Kord Valeshabadi Ramin , Modarres M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this work, we study the structure of the leading order Martin–Ryskin–Watt (MRW) unintegrated parton distribution function (UPDF) and explain in detail why there exists discrepancy between the two different definitions of this UPDF model, i.e., the integral (I-MRW) and differential (D-MRW) MRW UPDFs. We perform this investigation with both angular and strong ordering cutoffs. The derivation footsteps of obtaining the I-MRW UPDF from the D-MRW ones are numerically performed, and the reason of such non-equivalency between the two forms is clearly explained. We show and find out that both methods suggested in the papers by Golec-Biernat and Staśto as well as that of Guiot have shortcomings, and only the combination of their prescriptions can give us the same UPDF structure from both of these two different versions of the MRW UPDF, namely I-MRW and the D-MRW UPDFs.
Isotropization of locally rotationally symmetric Bianchi-I universe in f(Q)-gravity
Authors: De Avik , Mandal Sanjay , Beh J. T. , Loo Tee-How , Sahoo P. K. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDespite having the somewhat successful description of accelerated cosmology, the early evolution of the universe always challenges mankind. Our promising approach lies in a new class of symmetric teleparallel theory of gravity named f(Q), where the non-metricity scalar Q is responsible for the gravitational interaction, which may resolve some of the issues. To study the early evolution of the universe, we presume an anisotropic locally rotationally symmetric (LRS) Bianchi-I spacetime and derive the motion equations. We discuss the profiles of energy density, equation of state and skewness parameter and observe that our models archive anisotropic spatial geometry in the early phase of the universe with a possible presence of anisotropic fluid and as time goes on, even in the presence of an anisotropic fluid, the universe could approach isotropy due to inflation and the anisotropy of the fluid fades away at the same time.