bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Imaging Mass Cytometry Reveals Predominant Innate Immune Signature and Endothelial–Immune Cell Interaction in Juvenile Myositis Compared to Lupus Skin
Authors: Turnier Jessica L. , Yee Christine M. , Madison Jacqueline A. , Rizvi Syed M. , Berthier Celine C. , Wen Fei , Kahlenberg J. Michelle 
Published: June 2022

ObjectiveCutaneous inflammation can signal disease in juvenile dermatomyositis (DM) and childhood‐onset systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE), but we do not fully understand cellular mechanisms of cutaneous inflammation. In this study, we used imaging mass cytometry to characterize cutaneous inflammatory cell populations and cell–cell interactions in juvenile DM as compared to cSLE.MethodsWe performed imaging mass cytometry analysis on skin biopsy samples from juvenile DM patients (n = 6) and cSLE patients (n = 4). Tissue slides were processed and incubated with metal‐tagged antibodies for CD14, CD15, CD16, CD56, CD68, CD11c, HLA–DR, blood dendritic cell antigen 2, CD20, CD27, CD138, CD4, CD8, E‐cadherin, CD31, pan‐keratin, and type I collagen. Stained tissue was ablated, and raw data were acquired using the Hyperion imaging system. We utilized the Phenograph unsupervised clustering algorithm to determine cell marker expression and permutation test by histoCAT to perform neighborhood analysis.ResultsWe identified 14 cell populations in juvenile DM and cSLE skin, including CD14+ and CD68+ macrophages, myeloid and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and B cells. Overall, cSLE skin had a higher inflammatory cell infiltrate, with increased CD14+ macrophages, pDCs, and CD8+ T cells and immune cell–immune cell interactions. Juvenile DM skin displayed a stronger innate immune signature, with a higher overall percentage of CD14+ macrophages and prominent endothelial cell–immune cell interaction.ConclusionOur findings identify immune cell population differences, including CD14+ macrophages, pDCs, and CD8+ T cells, in juvenile DM skin compared to cSLE skin, and highlight a predominant innate immune signature and endothelial cell–immune cell interaction in juvenile DM, providing insight into candidate cell populations and interactions to better understand disease‐specific pathophysiology.
Mechanism for the Halogenation and Azidation of Lysine Catalyzed by Non‐heme Iron BesD Enzyme
Authors: Li Rui‐Ning , Chen Shi‐Lu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSelective halogenation is important in synthetic chemistry. BesD, a new member of the non‐heme Fe(II)/α‐ketoglutarate (αKG)‐dependent halogenase family, can activate the sp3 C−H bond and halogenate lysine, in particular without a carrier protein. Using the density functional calculations, a chlorination mechanism in BesD has been proposed, mainly including the formation of Cl−Fe(IV)=O through the αKG decarboxylation, the isomerization of Cl−Fe(IV)=O, the substrate hydrogen abstraction by Fe(IV)=O, and the rebound of chloro to the substrate carbon radical. The hydrogen abstraction is rate‐limiting. The isomerization of Cl−Fe(IV)=O is essential for the hydrogen abstraction and the chiral selectivity. The BesD‐catalyzed bromination and azidation of lysine adopt the same mechanism as the chlorination. The hardly‐changed overall barriers indicate that the introduced ligands (X) do not affect the reaction rate significantly, implying that the X‐introduced reactions catalyzed by BesD may be extended to other X anions.
Zero‐dimensional Hybrid Antimony Halide with Intrinsic Cyan Light Emission
Authors: Li Dong‐Yang , Cheng Yu , Sun Chuan‐Ju , Xu Zi‐Yan , Sun Yu‐Ming , Wang Yu‐Jiao , Yan Xue , Wu Yi‐Fan , Lei Xiao‐Wu , Yue Cheng‐Yang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRecently, zero‐dimensional (0D) hybrid metal halides have attracted intensive attention with wide applications in solid‐state lighting and display diodes. Herein, by using a facile wet‐chemistry method, we prepared one new 0D hybrid antimony halide of [HMHQ]2SbCl5 ⋅ 2H2O (MHQ=2‐methyl‐8‐hydroxyquinoline) based on the discrete [SbCl5]2− unit. Remarkably, the bulk crystals of [HMHQ]2SbCl5 ⋅ 2H2O exhibit strong cyan light emission with a promising photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 18.92%. Systematical studies disclose that the cyan emission is mainly derived from the radiative recombination within conjugated organic cation. Benefiting from the promising luminescent performance, this 0D antimony halide can be utilized as an excellent down‐conversion light emitting luminescent material to assemble white light‐emitting diodes with high color rendering index (CRI) of 90.2.
Enzyme Cascade Reaction‐Propelled Multicompartmental Colloidal Motors
Authors: Zhang Qihan , Liu Jun , Wu Yingjie 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCompartmentalization is a crucial natural methodology to enable multiple biocatalytic transformations to proceed efficiently. Herein, we report a biocompatible multicompartmental colloidal motor that can achieve autonomous movement in the biological environment through two‐enzyme cascade reactions of immobilized enzymes. The colloidal motors with the heterogeneous multicompartment structure were prepared in one step by microfluidic technology, and the compartmentalized encapsulation of glucose oxidase (GOD) and catalase (CAT) was realized. The fabricated colloidal motor was size controllable by tuning the flow rates of the microfluidic system, and its autonomous movement can be triggered by good responsiveness to the alkaline environment. In glucose medium of pH 7.5, the pH‐responsive alginate cores of the colloidal motor swell to facilitate fuel penetration and enzyme‐catalyzed reactions. The enzyme cascade between GOD and CAT immobilized in the colloidal motor chamber results in the self‐propulsion of the colloid motor in glucose medium. The compartmentalized encapsulation of immobilized enzyme improves the stability of the enzyme and enables multicompartmental colloidal motors to self‐propel in an alkaline intestinal environment through an enzyme cascade reaction. These features indicate that such multicompartmental colloidal motors actuated by enzyme cascade reaction in biocompatible fuel have great potential for co‐encapsulation and autonomous movement in different applications.
Anthraquinone‐1,8‐Derived (Pseudo‐) Crown and Lariat Ethers:Design and Applications as Fluorescent and Chromogenic Ion (Pair) Sensors
Authors: Zhu Shouzhe , Zhu Shourong , Xing Feifei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCyclic polyamine/ethers embedded with anthraquinone moieties and functional pendants, are structural analogues of crown ethers and (oxo‐) cyclams, and could be utilized as sensitive and selective chemosensors towards metal cations. Those pseudo‐ (similar but geometrically distinct) crown and lariat ethers show various cation‐binding patterns and stoichiometry, being modulated by donor type, cavity size and pendants’ chelating ability. The luminescent and chromogenic properties also differ a lot along with the derivation of the parental macrocycle. Methodological designing including synthesis and post‐functionalization through nucleophilic substitution, Mannich condensation etc., as well as the sensing performance of those pseudo‐crown and lariat ethers are summarized in this review, basing on the spectroscopic, voltammetric and X‐ray crystallographic determinations. Anion effect in sensing cations is evaluated according to the ion‐pair recognition theory. Those results shed some light on exemplifying the anions’ role in bioinorganic systems including metalloenzymes.
Variable annuities valuation under a mixed fractional Brownian motion environment with jumps considering mortality risk
Authors: Sharma Nitu , Selvamuthu Dharmaraja , Natarajan Selvaraju 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPricing a variable annuity (VA) is traditionally based on models with standard Brownian motion (BM). The assumption of independent increments in the BM is not always realistic as the price process of the risky assets exhibit a long‐range dependency. To model such assets, a fractional Brownian motion (FBM) with Hurst parameter is an appropriate model. However, due to arbitrage in an FBM model and jumps in stock returns, we consider in this work a mixed FBM (MFBM) model with jumps and evaluate variable annuities with different riders. We analyze the proposed model numerically to see the impact of mortality risk. We perform a comparison between eight stochastic models to obtain the best‐suited mortality model, for a dataset of the US male population. Finally, we obtain the price of VA guarantees using the forecasted values from the fitted mortality model.
Determination of 23 related analytes in bone marrow fluid and hippocampus of C57BL/6 mice following cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury by HPLC‐FLD
Authors: Zhang Jing , Yang Jun‐qing , Luo Ying , Li Jian‐sha , Gong Tao , Huang Su‐qiong , Xiong Yan , Jiang Xin‐hui 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe study of brain diseases has long been of interest to researchers worldwide, and stroke is the third leading cause of death that threatens human health. At the same time, cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury is closely associated with high rates of disability and mortality. The conditions of the 6‐aminoquinolyl N‐hydroxysccinimidyl carbamate method for the derivatization of amino acids in the bone marrow fluid and hippocampus of C57BL/6 mice with cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury were explored and optimized, such as the column temperature, concentration of derivatization reagents and mobile phase concentration. The mobile phase consisted of 20 mm sodium acetate solution (phosphoric acid to adjust pH 5.0) and 60% acetonitrile solution at a flow rate of 1 ml min−1. The 23 analytes were separated and determined in a gradient elution procedure; the correlation coefficient r was >0.9990 in the range 0.1–8.0 μg ml−1. The results showed that the content of relevant analytes was significantly changed in the cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury model, and the method was suitable for the simultaneous determination of 23 amino acids in the bone marrow fluid and hippocampus of C57BL/6 mice.
Multivalent γ‐PGA‐Exendin‐4 Conjugates to Target Pancreatic β‐Cells
Authors: Rossi Lorenzo , Kerekes Krisztina , Kovács‐Kocsi Judit , Körhegyi Zoltán , Bodnár Magdolna , Fazekas Erika , Prépost Eszter , Pignatelli Cataldo , Caneva Enrico , Nicotra Francesco , Russo Laura 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTargeting of glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor (GLP‐1R), expressed on the surface of pancreatic β‐cells, is of great interest for the development of advanced therapies for diabetes and diagnostics for insulinoma. We report the conjugation of exendin‐4 (Ex‐4), an approved drug to treat type 2 diabetes, to poly‐γ‐glutamic acid (γ‐PGA) to obtain more stable and effective GLP‐1R ligands. Exendin‐4 modified at Lysine‐27 with PEG4‐maleimide was conjugated to γ‐PGA functionalized with furan, in different molar ratios, exploiting a chemoselective Diels‐Alder cycloaddition. The γ‐PGA presenting the highest number of conjugated Ex‐4 molecules (average 120 per polymeric chain) showed a double affinity towards GLP‐1R with respect to exendin per se, paving the way to improved therapeutic and diagnostic applications.
Photoinduced Alcoholic α‐C−H Bond Anti‐Markovnikov Addition to Vinylphosphonium Bromides Followed by Wittig Olefination: Two‐Step Protocol for α‐C−H Allylic Alkylation of Alcohols
Authors: Yoshida Masaki , Sawamura Masaya , Masuda Yusuke 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHerein reported is a two‐step protocol for the α‐allylic alkylation of alcohols consisting of photocatalytic anti‐Markovnikov addition of the α‐C−H bond of alcohols to vinylphosphonium bromides and subsequent Wittig olefination with aldehydes. The protocol is marked by simplicity of the photoreaction system with a single catalyst and broad scope of alcohols, ranging from readily available chemical feedstocks to functionalized molecules, and is attractive as a synthetic tool. Both primary and secondary alcohols can be functionalized at the α‐C−H bond to produce the corresponding α‐tertiary and quaternary (E)‐homoallylic alcohols. The mechanistic studies suggest that α‐C−H activation of alcohols occurs through hydrogen atom transfer by a bromine radical, which is photocatalytically generated from a vinylphosphonium bromide.
Sr‐Doped Double Perovskite La2CoMnO6 to Promote the Oxygen Evolution Reaction Activity
Authors: Li Shu‐Fang , Zheng Jie , Hu Liang , Ma Yao , Zhao Shuang , Zhu Chuan‐Hui , Yan Dong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDeveloping effective electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is crucial for exploring clean fuels. Owing to the flexible structure and unique 3d electron structure, perovskite has been considered as a promising candidate for OER electrocatalyst. Here, we report a range of A‐site partially substituted perovskite obtained via a facile sol‐gel method, La2‐xSrxCoMnO6 (x=0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0, LSCMO‐x). LSCMO‐x has been proved to have better OER performances. Therein, LSCMO‐0.8 shows the best OER catalytic performance among these A‐site partially substituted perovskites. The OER overpotential of LSCMO‐0.8 catalyst is 0.39 V, which is reduced by 80 mV compared to parent perovskite La2CoMnO6 (LCMO, 0.47 V). The experimental studies have shown that LSCMO‐0.8 exhibits a higher content of oxygen vacancies compared with LCMO, which may be the factor for the enhanced OER activity. Meanwhile, it is revealed that Sr doped in the A site can efficiently optimize the eg orbit filling. This work manifests that doping Sr into perovskites appropriately is an effective strategy for the improvement of OER activity.
Synchrotron X‐ray Electron Density Analysis of Chemical Bonding in the Graphitic Carbon Nitride Precursor Melamine
Authors: Vosegaard Emilie S. , Thomsen Maja K. , Krause Lennard , Grønbech Thomas B. E. , Mamakhel Aref , Takahashi Seiya , Nishibori Eiji , Iversen Bo B. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMelamine is a precursor and building block for graphitic carbon nitride (g‐CN) materials, a group of layered materials showing great promise for catalytic applications. The synthetic pathway to g‐CN includes a polycondensation reaction of melamine by evaporation of ammonia. Melamine molecules in the crystal organize into wave‐like planes with an interlayer distance of 3.3 Å similar to that of g‐CN. Here we present an extensive investigation of the experimental electron density of melamine obtained from modelling of synchrotron radiation X‐ray single‐crystal diffraction data measured at 25 K with special focus on the molecular geometry and intermolecular interactions. Both intra‐ and interlayer structures are dominated by hydrogen bonding and π‐interactions. Theoretical gas‐phase optimizations of the experimental molecular geometry show that bond lengths and angles for atoms in the same chemical environment (C−N bonds in the ring, amine groups) differ significantly more for the experimental geometry than for the gas‐phase‐optimized geometries, indicating that intermolecular interactions in the crystal affects the molecular geometry. In the experimental crystal geometry, one amine group has significantly more sp3‐like character than the others, hinting at a possible formation mechanism of g‐CN. Topological analysis and energy frameworks show that the nitrogen atom in this amine group participates in weak intralayer hydrogen bonding. We hypothesize that melamine condenses to g‐CN within the layers and that the unique amine group plays a key role in the condensation process.
Stereoselective Activation of Small Molecules by a Stable Chiral Silene
Authors: Sun Xiaofei , Hinz Alexander , Kucher Hannes , Gamer Michael T. , Roesky Peter W. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe reaction of the dilithium salt of the enantiopure (S)‐BINOL (1,1’‐bi‐2‐naphthol) with two equivalents of the amidinate‐stabilized chlorosilylene [LPhSiCl] (LPh=PhC(NtBu)2) led to the formation of the first example of a chiral cyclic silene species comprising an (S)‐BINOL ligand. The reactivity of the Si=C bond was investigated by reaction with elemental sulfur, CO2 and HCl. The reaction with S8 led to a Si=C bond cleavage and concomitantly to a ring‐opened product with imine and silanethione functional groups. The reaction with CO2 resulted in the cleavage of the CO2 molecule into a carbonyl group and an isolated O atom, while a new stereocenter is formed in a highly selective manner. According to DFT calculations, the [2+2] cycloaddition product is the key intermediate. Further reactivity studies of the chiral cyclic silene with HCl resulted in a stereoselective addition to the Si=C bond, while the fully selective formation of two stereocenters was achieved. The quantitative stereoselective addition of CO2 and HCl to a Si=C bond is unprecedented.
Enhancement of available transfer capability usingTCSCwith hybridized model: Combining lion and moth flame algorithms
Authors: Singh Joginder , Yadav Naresh Kumar , Gupta Saral Kumar 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe practical computations of enhancing available transfer capability (ATC) are evolving in the recent times. Most of the presently available techniques for enhancing ATC are being implemented; however, in many cases, they do not consider the impact of communications taking place in between the “power transfers, loop flows, non‐linearities, operating policies, and most importantly voltage collapse blackouts,” respectively. Thus, the current research work aims to introduce a new hybrid method to solve the chaos in ATC in power system. The thyristor‐controlled series compensation (TCSC) that belongs to series flexible alternating current transmission system device is utilized for enhancing ATC. The introduced algorithm is termed as Lion Updated Moth Flame Optimization (LU‐MFO) to select the corresponding line for TCSC device to be connected.
PGWO‐AVS‐RDA: An intelligent optimization and clustering based load balancing model in cloud
Authors: Kothi Laxman Raghavender Reddy , Lathigara Amit , Aluvalu Rajanikanth , Viswanadhula Uma Maheswari 
Published: June 2022

SummaryLoad balancing and task scheduling in cloud have gained a significant attention by many researchers, due to the increased demand of computing resources and services. For this purpose, there are various load balancing methodologies are developed in the existing works, which are mainly focusing on allocating the tasks to Virtual Machines (VMs) based on their priority, order of tasks, and execution time. Still, it facing the major difficulties in finding the best tasks for allocation, because the sequence of patterns are normally used to categorize the relevant tasks with respect to the load. Thus, this research work intends to develop an intelligent group of mechanisms for efficiently allocating the tasks to the VMs by finding the best tasks with respect to the scheduling parameters. Initially, the user tasks are given to the load balancer unit, where the Probabilistic Gray Wolf Optimization (PGWO) technique is used to find the best fitness value for selecting the tasks. Then, the Adaptive Vector Searching (AVS) methodology is utilized to cluster the group of tasks for efficiently allocating the tasks with improved Quality of Service (QoS). Finally, the Recursive Data Acquisition (RDA) based scheduler unit can allocate the clustered tasks to the appropriate VMs in the cloud system by analyzing the properties of storage capacity, balancing load of VM, CPU usage, memory consumption, and execution time of tasks. During evaluation, the performance of the proposed load balancing model is validated by using various measures. Then, the obtained results are compared with some state‐of‐the‐art models for proving the betterment of the proposed scheme.
Group conflict handling under moderate evaluative partial mediation using entropic decision framework
Authors: Anjaria Kushal 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe present paper aims to present entropy and fuzzy degrees of the truth‐based framework to handle the group conflict under moderate evaluative, partial mediation. For group conflict handling, the present work considers Thomas and Kilmann's five conflict‐handling modes: competing, collaborating, avoiding, accommodating, and compromising. A methodology proposed in the current work systemically formalizes decision‐making on deploying a conflict‐handling method with mediators' opinions. The formalization of decision‐making elucidated in the present work involves measurements based on entropy and fuzzy degrees of truth. The current work applies the developed formal quantitative framework to a well‐known case of group conflict that involves conflict among a group of engineering students. The case supports the proposed formal framework. Behavioral, psychological, and cognitive facts about engineers come in handy for validation of the proposed framework. The case shows that the proposed approach can be highly generalized, interpretable, and replicable.
Towards sustainable development: The role of directors' international orientation and their diversity for non‐financial disclosure
Authors: Dobija Dorota , Arena Claudia , Kozłowski Łukasz , Krasodomska Joanna , Godawska Justyna 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDrawing on resource dependency and upper echelons theories, we examine the relationship between directors' international orientation (IO) and the scope of non‐financial disclosures (NFD) in a two‐tier board structure. Evidence from a regression analysis on a sample of non‐financial firms listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange for the 2014–2018 period shows that the IO of supervisory board members significantly and positively impacts the scope of NFD. We also find that women with IO influence the scope of NFD, whereas accounting and finance experience decreases the focus on NFD elements, especially environmental information. The results imply that both the IO of the supervisory board and the bundle of characteristics facilitate the move toward sustainable development. The findings of our study should be of interest to companies, regulators and policymakers to integrate sustainability practices into their corporate strategies.
The evolution of adult pollen feeding did not alter postembryonic growth in Heliconius butterflies
Authors: Hebberecht Laura , Melo‐Flórez Lina , Young Fletcher J. , McMillan W. Owen , Montgomery Stephen H. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFor many animals, the availability and provision of dietary resources can vary markedly between juvenile and adult stages, often leading to a temporal separation of nutrient acquisition and use. Juvenile developmental programs are likely limited by the energetic demands of many adult tissues and processes with early developmental origins. Enhanced dietary quality in the adult stage may, therefore, alter selection on life history and growth patterns in juvenile stages. Heliconius are unique among butterflies in actively collecting and digesting pollen grains, which provide an adult source of essential amino acids. The origin of pollen feeding has therefore previously been hypothesized to lift constraints on larval growth rates, allowing Heliconius to spend less time as larvae when they are most vulnerable to predation. By measuring larval and pupal life‐history traits across three pollen‐feeding and three nonpollen‐feeding Heliconiini, we provide the first test of this hypothesis. Although we detect significant interspecific variation in larval and pupal development, we do not find any consistent shift associated with pollen feeding. We discuss how this result may fit with patterns of nitrogen allocation, the benefits of nitrogenous stores, and developmental limitations on growth. Our results provide a framework for studies aiming to link innovations in adult Heliconius to altered selection regimes and developmental programs in early life stages.