bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Potamogeton crispus harvesting on phosphorus composition of Lake Yimeng
Authors: Wang Lizhi , Wu Xiyuan , Song Hongli , An Juan , Dong Bin , Wu Yuanzhi , Wang Yun , Li Bao , Liu Qianjin , Yu Wanni 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHarvesting is an important method used to control the overproduction of Potamogeton crispus in lakes. A three-year comparative field study was performed in a eutrophic lake (harvested area) and its connected lake (non-harvested area) to determine the effects of harvesting on the phosphorus (P) composition and environmental factors in the water and sediment. Results revealed that harvesting significantly reduced the dissolved total P and dissolved organic P (DOP) and increased the alkaline phosphatase activity and particulate P (PP) in the water. No significant differences were detected in the water total P (TP), soluble reactive P, chlorophyll-a, pH, and dissolved oxygen between the harvested and non-harvested areas. Sediment TP and organic P (OP) were significantly reduced in the harvested area. Harvesting changed the P composition in the water. In the non-harvested area, P was mainly formed by DOP (40%) in the water body, while in the harvested area, PP was the main water component (47%). Harvesting increased the proportion of inorganic P (IP) in the sediment and decreased the proportion of OP. In the water, the IP to TP ratio in the non-harvested and harvested areas were 58.26% and 63.51%, respectively. Our results showed that harvesting changed the P composition in the water and sediment. In the harvesting of submerged vegetation, our results can serve as a reference for the management of vegetation-rich lakes.
U(1) dynamics in neuronal activities
Authors: Lin Chia-Ying , Chen Ping-Han , Lin Hsiu-Hau , Huang Wen-Min 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNeurons convert external stimuli into action potentials, or spikes, and encode the contained information into the biological nervous system. Despite the complexity of neurons and the synaptic interactions in between, rate models are often adapted to describe neural encoding with modest success. However, it is not clear whether the firing rate, the reciprocal of the time interval between spikes, is sufficient to capture the essential features for the neuronal dynamics. Going beyond the usual relaxation dynamics in Ginzburg-Landau theory for statistical systems, we propose that neural activities can be captured by the U(1) dynamics, integrating the action potential and the “phase” of the neuron together. The gain function of the Hodgkin-Huxley neuron and the corresponding dynamical phase transitions can be described within the U(1) neuron framework. In addition, the phase dependence of the synaptic interactions is illustrated and the mapping to the Kinouchi-Copelli neuron is established. It suggests that the U(1) neuron is the minimal model for single-neuron activities and serves as the building block of the neuronal network for information processing.
Phase separation in mullite-composition glass
Authors: Wilke Stephen K. , Benmore Chris J. , Ilavsky Jan , Youngman Randall E. , Rezikyan Aram , Carson Michael P. , Menon Vrishank , Weber Richard 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAluminosilicates (AS) are ubiquitous in ceramics, geology, and planetary science, and their glassy forms underpin vital technologies used in displays, waveguides, and lasers. In spite of this, the nonequilibrium behavior of the prototypical AS compound, mullite (40SiO2-60Al2O3, or AS60), is not well understood. By deeply supercooling mullite-composition liquid via aerodynamic levitation, we observe metastable liquid–liquid unmixing that yields a transparent two-phase glass, comprising a nanoscale mixture of AS7 and AS62. Extrapolations from X-ray scattering measurements show the AS7 phase is similar to vitreous SiO2 with a few Al species substituted for Si. The AS62 phase is built from a highly polymerized network of 4-, 5-, and 6-coordinated AlOx polyhedra. Polymerization of the AS62 network and the composite morphology provide essential mechanisms for toughening the glass.
Directed evolution for soluble and active periplasmic expression of bovine enterokinase in Escherichia coli
Authors: Lee Weiluo , Pradhan Subhas , Zhang Cheng , Venanzi Niccolo A. E. , Li Weina , Goldrick Stephen , Dalby Paul A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBovine enterokinase light chain (EKL) is an industrially useful protease for accurate removal of affinity-purification tags from high-value biopharmaceuticals. However, recombinant expression in Escherichia coli produces insoluble inclusion bodies, requiring solubilisation, refolding, and autocatalytic activation to recover functional enzyme. Error-prone PCR and DNA shuffling of the EKL gene, T7 promoter, lac operon, ribosome binding site, and pelB leader sequence, yielded 321 unique variants after screening ~ 6500 colonies. The best variants had > 11,000-fold increased total activity in lysates, producing soluble enzyme that no longer needed refolding. Further characterisation identified the factors that improved total activity from an inactive and insoluble starting point. Stability was a major factor, whereby melting temperatures > 48.4 °C enabled good expression at 37 °C. Variants generally did not alter catalytic efficiency as measured by kcat/Km, which improved for only one variant. Codon optimisation improved the total activity in lysates produced at 37 °C. However, non-optimised codons and expression at 30 °C gave the highest activity through improved protein quality, with increased kcat and Tm values. The 321 variants were statistically analysed and mapped to protein structure. Mutations detrimental to total activity and stability clustered around the active site. By contrast, variants with increased total activity tended to combine stabilising mutations that did not disrupt the active site.
Prediction of decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate using liver fibrosis markers: a renal biopsy-based study
Authors: Mima Akira 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease is the most common chronic liver disease and is associated with chronic kidney disease. The fibrosis-4 index and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease score are widely used as non-invasive diagnostic methods for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. However, the relationship between these markers and specific renal histopathologies in chronic kidney disease remain unclear. This study included 179 patients aged between 16 and 80 years who underwent renal biopsy. We examined the association between the fibrosis-4 index or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease score and change in estimated glomerular filtration rate 12 months after kidney biopsy for each renal histopathology. Renal histopathologies were determined by renal biopsy. Our results showed that there was a significant negative correlation between the fibrosis-4 index and estimated glomerular filtration rate. In nephrosclerosis, the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease score and estimated glomerular filtration rate tended to have a negative correlation, albeit without significance. In IgA nephropathy, both the fibrosis-4 index and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease score were significantly negatively correlated with estimated glomerular filtration rate. Furthermore, the fibrosis-4 index was not associated with urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio or renal function markers such as urinary b2 microglobulin and urinary N-acetyl-d-glucosamine. Our kidney biopsy-based study showed that the liver fibrosis markers fibrosis-4 index and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease score were negatively correlated with the estimated glomerular filtration rate in nephrosclerosis and IgA nephropathy.
The effects of sugar in drinking water on Streptococcus pyogenes colonisation in a murine nasopharyngeal infection model
Authors: Hashimi Farina Nor , Bennett Julie , Baker Michael G. , Moreland Nicole J. , Merry Troy L. , Loh Jacelyn M. S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe number of sugar-sweetened beverages consumed per day has been associated with an increased risk of acute rheumatic fever, an autoimmune disease triggered by superficial Streptococcus pyogenes infection. To explore if there could be a biological basis for this association, we used a mouse model of S. pyogenes nasopharyngeal colonisation combined with a dietary intervention. We observed an increased bacterial load in the nasopharynx of mice receiving sucrose drinking water post-infection, suggesting that high sucrose intake promotes S. pyogenes growth and/or survival. This provides new insight into the potential biological basis behind the association seen in humans.
Usefulness of cortisol/ACTH ratio (CAR) for diagnosis of cushing's syndrome: comparison of CAR with findings in dexamethasone suppression test
Authors: Iwamoto Yuichiro , Tatsumi Fuminori , Itoh Takashi , Sasaki Taku , Mori Shigehito , Sugisaki Toshitomo , Nakao Erina , Ohnishi Mana , Kusano Takashi , Takenouchi Haruka , Iwamoto Hideyuki , Sanada Junpei , Fushimi Yoshiro , Katakura Yukino , Kimura Tomohiko , Shimoda Masashi , Nakanishi Shuhei , Kaku Kohei , Mune Tomoatsu , Kaneto Hideaki 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCushing's syndrome and subclinical Cushing's syndrome (SCS) are conditions of increased cortisol secretion from the adrenal glands. Cushing's syndrome includes adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-dependent Cushing's syndrome (Cushing's disease) and ACTH-independent Cushing's syndrome (AICS). The purpose of this study was to investigate the diagnostic potential of the cortisol / adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) ratio (CAR) for diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome or SCS in adult subjects. This was a single-center, retrospective, observational study. This study enrolled 44 subjects with SCS, 14 AICS, 10 CD, and 248 non-Cushing's syndrome subjects who had undergone a 1 mg dexamethasone suppression test (1 mg DST). Definition of SCS was as follows: no physical signs characteristic of Cushing syndrome and cortisol was ≥ 83 nmol/L in 1 mg DST. The diagnostic potential of CAR for diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome was evaluated by comparing the correlation between CAR and after-load cortisol level in 1 mg DST. As the results, there was a strong positive correlation between CAR and after-load cortisol level in subjects with AICS (r = 0.800, p < 0.005). CAR was 10,040 ± 4170 nmol/pmol in subjects with NCS, 17,535 ± 10,246 nmol/pmol in SCS, 101,221 ± 18,009 nmol/pmol in AICS, and 4324 ± 2051 nmol/pmol in CD, all of which were significantly higher compared to those with AICS (p < 0.0005). The cutoff values of CAR for screening at our institution were 11,849.6 nmol/pmol for AICS (AUC 0.935, p < 0.005, sensitivity 92.3%, specificity 83.5%) and 7006.1 nmol/pmol for CD (AUC 0.714, p < 0.05, sensitivity 100.0%, specificity 46.8%). There was a positive correlation between CAR and adrenal adenoma diameter in subjects with AICS (r = 0.508, p < 0.05), but there was no correlation between tumor diameter and CAR in subjects with SCS and CD. In conclusion, high CAR indicates increased cortisol secretion from the adrenal glands. Since CAR is a simple indicator that can be easily evaluated by general practitioners as well as endocrinologists, we think CAR would be useful for the early detection of Cushing's syndrome.
Pharmacological effects of caffeine on ventilation in adult zebrafish under free-swimming conditions
Authors: Harada Yuki , Soh Zu , Wakitani Shin , Yoshida Masayuki , Tsuji Toshio 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe zebrafish is widely used as a model in biological studies. In particular, the heart rate and cortisol levels of zebrafish are commonly measured to elucidate the pharmacological effects of chemical substances. Meanwhile, although ventilation is also an important physiological index reflecting emotion-like states, few studies have evaluated the effects of chemicals on ventilation in adult zebrafish. In this study, we assessed whether it is possible to evaluate the pharmacological effects elicited by caffeine in adult zebrafish under free-swimming conditions. We measured the ventilation in adult zebrafish exposed to multiple concentrations of caffeine under restraint and free-swimming conditions and evaluated the pharmacological effects of caffeine using linear mixed model analysis. In addition, results of electrocardiogram analysis and swimming speeds were compared with those in previous reports to ensure that an appropriate dose of caffeine was administered. Under restraint conditions, caffeine significantly decreased heart rate and increased ventilation in a concentration-dependent manner. Under free-swimming conditions, the ventilation rate significantly increased with increasing caffeine concentration. These results indicate that the pharmacological effects elicited by chemicals on ventilation can be evaluated in free-swimming zebrafish.
SRC-RAC1 signaling drives drug resistance to BRAF inhibition in de-differentiated cutaneous melanomas
Authors: Zhu Eliot Y. , Riordan Jesse D. , Vanneste Marion , Henry Michael D. , Stipp Christopher S. , Dupuy Adam J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRare gain-of-function mutations inRAC1drive drug resistance to targeted BRAF inhibition in cutaneous melanoma. Here, we show that wildtype RAC1 is a critical driver of growth and drug resistance, but only in a subset of melanomas with elevated markers of de-differentiation. Similarly, SRC inhibition also selectively sensitized de-differentiated melanomas to BRAF inhibition. One possible mechanism may be the suppression of the de-differentiated state, as SRC and RAC1 maintained markers of de-differentiation in human melanoma cells. The functional differences between melanoma subtypes suggest that the clinical management of cutaneous melanoma can be enhanced by the knowledge of differentiation status. To simplify the task of classification, we developed a binary classification strategy based on a small set of ten genes. Using this gene set, we reliably determined the differentiation status previously defined by hundreds of genes. Overall, our study informs strategies that enhance the precision of BRAFi by discovering unique vulnerabilities of the de-differentiated cutaneous melanoma subtype and creating a practical method to resolve differentiation status.
Deep learning-assisted co-registration of full-spectral autofluorescence lifetime microscopic images with H&E-stained histology images
Authors: Wang Qiang , Fernandes Susan , Williams Gareth O. S. , Finlayson Neil , Akram Ahsan R. , Dhaliwal Kevin , Hopgood James R. , Vallejo Marta 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAutofluorescence lifetime images reveal unique characteristics of endogenous fluorescence in biological samples. Comprehensive understanding and clinical diagnosis rely on co-registration with the gold standard, histology images, which is extremely challenging due to the difference of both images. Here, we show an unsupervised image-to-image translation network that significantly improves the success of the co-registration using a conventional optimisation-based regression network, applicable to autofluorescence lifetime images at different emission wavelengths. A preliminary blind comparison by experienced researchers shows the superiority of our method on co-registration. The results also indicate that the approach is applicable to various image formats, like fluorescence in-tensity images. With the registration, stitching outcomes illustrate the distinct differences of the spectral lifetime across an unstained tissue, enabling macro-level rapid visual identification of lung cancer and cellular-level characterisation of cell variants and common types. The approach could be effortlessly extended to lifetime images beyond this range and other staining technologies.
Neurological Complications in Benign Parapharyngeal Space Tumors – Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Faisal Muhammad , Seemann Rudolf , Fischer Gregor , Lill Claudia , Hamzavi Sasan , Wutzl Arno , Erovic Boban M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Introduction Parapharyngeal space tumors with complex anatomy and diverse histology have remained a challenging phenomenon for treating physicians.
Objectives We have conducted a comprehensive web search on the PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), and Clinicaltrials.gov databases to determine the factors that are associated with postoperative complications in parapharyngeal space tumors.
Data Synthesis Two researchers reviewed all identified articles independently with a third reviewer for adjudication. Patient demographics and other clinicopathological characteristics were explored. The systematic review has identified 631 benign parapharyngeal space tumors with neurogenic and salivary tissue histology in 13 studies, with a mean age of 42.9 ± 7.76 years old and a median follow-up of 40.98 ± 19.1 months. Salivary gland (50.8%) and neurogenic (49.1%) tumors were the most common histological entities. Tumor size, location, histology, deep parotid lobe involvement, and proximity to great vessels or to the skull base were the deciding factors in selecting the surgical approach. The factors considered to select the surgical approach do not seem to have a correlation with the outcome in terms of neurological sequalae (p = 0.106). Tumors with neurogenic histology have significantly increased chances of developing neurological complication (OR 6.07; p = 0.001).
Conclusion Neurologic complications are significantly associated with neurogenic benign tumors rather than surgical approach.
Simulation and optimization of spectral parameters of resonant optical gyroscope
Authors: An Panlong , Zhao Ruijuan , Liu Yaoying 
Published: October 2022

As a new inertial navigation device, the resonant optical gyroscope offers advantages that include high precision, device integration, impact resistance, and solid-state realization. This device will be widely used in future military and civil applications. Following consideration of the factors that affect accuracy improvement of resonant fiber optic gyroscopes, the relationships among the insertion loss, coupling coefficient, and unit length loss of the cavity fiber and the resonance depth, full width at half maximum, and fineness of the transmission spectrum line are analyzed. To improve the transmission spectrum’s resonance depth, the coupling coefficient should be controlled at 0.2 and the optical coupler insertion loss should be reduced as far as possible. Additionally, the laser linewidth effects on the transmission spectrum and the limit sensitivity are analyzed. It is found that if the laser linewidth of the resonant optical gyroscope is less than 100 kHz, it can meet the resonance depth requirements, thus, providing a technical reference for further research into integrated optical waveguide gyroscopes.
A spatial model of conceptualization of time
Authors: Mkhitaryan Yelena , Madatyan Lusine 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This paper presents a cognitive study of the lexical means of conceptualization of time in English and Armenian
fairy tales, and outlines the ways in which such conceptualizations are expressed in both languages. A spatial model for the
conceptualization of time is introduced, which helps reveal the complexities of lexical expressions of time in these fairy tale
texts. The model is depicted by geometric delineations and comprises the schemas which best conform to the folkloristic genre; the
depictions consist of a set comprising: point, interval, line, cycle, circle, and segment of a circle. A comparative analysis
between the languages reveals that each of these schemas is represented in both languages but to differing extents. Lexically, the
schemas are primarily expressed in English by noun phrases paired with prepositions, and in Armenian by prepositions or
postpositions or their morphological synonyms. Other means of schema expression in both languages include, with slight
differences, number markers, adverbs, adjectives, conjunctions, and deictics.
Extracts of Kecombrang Fruit (Etlingera elatior) Decrease NF-kB in Mus musculus Sepsis Model
Authors: Nurhayatun Evi , Ayuningdyah Chitra B 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Sepsis is the consequence of widespread inflammation in the body. Inflammation and blood clotting during sepsis cause reduced blood flow to vital organs which can lead to organ failure and even death. Kecombrang (Etlingera elatior) is proposed to have the ability to suppress inflammation and oxidative stress through the control of NF-kB. This study aims to investigate the effect of the extract of Kecombrang fruit on the level of NF-kB in Mus musculus sepsis model. This laboratory experimental study was conducted on a total of 20 Mus musculus which were equally divided into four groups. Group received lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induction as the control group. MP1 group received LPS induction and pretreated with methanol extracts of Kecombrang fruit (4.2 mg/20 gr) for 5 days before induction of LPS. MP2 Group received LPS induction and treated with methanol extract of Kecombrang fruit (4.2 mg/20 gr) for 5 days after induction of LPS. MP3 group received LPS induction and treated with methanol extracts of Kecombrang fruit (4.2 mg/20 gr) at the same time of LPS induction. The measured outcome was the serum level of NF-kB. Data were analyzed using ANOVA with p <0.05. Pretreated extracts of Kecombrang fruit significantly decrease the serum levels of NF-kB (p<0.05). The beneficial effects of extracts of Kecombrang fruit in sepsis are evident from the observations. It means that the extract of Kecombrang can be exploited in the treatment of sepsis.
Greenhouse Gas Analysis in Field Maize Agriculture Using Life Cycle Assessment
Authors: Darmawan Muhammad Indra , Ilmannafian Adzani Ghani , Kiptiah Mariatul 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The scope of this research was limited to analyzing land preparation and harvested maize. This study aimed to identify and measure the largest GHG in each process of field maize farming to design efficient mitigation efforts. This research employed a field research method and involved five farmer groups with different field maize farming models. The data analysis referred to the SNI ISO 14040: 2016 Framework, consisting of four stages: goal and scope definition, life cycle inventory analysis, life cycle impact assessment, and life cycle interpretation. The life cycle inventory used energy coefficients, emission factors, and the Intergovernmental Panel Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines. The results showed that the Total Global Warming Potential (GWP 100) in one ton of shelled maize production was 251.50–10,000.29 CO2 eq. The largest GWP was found in biomass burning and the use of Urea and NPK fertilizers. The potential for burning biomass was 5,533.67–9,683.93 CO2 eq per ton of shelled maize. There are two recommended efforts to minimize GHG emissions: converting biomass into feed and using organic fertilizer to reduce GWP from the use of fertilizer.
Design And Development of Coconut Husk Extraction Machine
Authors: Putera Perdana , Herdian Fithra , Novita Sri Aulia , Ernita Yuni , Makky Muhammad , Cherie Dinah 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Coconut husk as by-product of coconut is very potential material for many applications. The coconut coir consists of coconut fibre and cocopeat. The improvement made in this research is to design a machine that suits the need of local coconut industry in Sumatera Barat. This machine is powered by 22 HP engine diesel that rotates at 1100 RPM. This engine is connected to rotary knife through double pulley-belt transmission system. The pulleys have 14:25 ratio with the lower side being installed to the engine and the other to the axis. There were 19 knives put to the axis with angle difference of 60 degree. This rotary knife was perpendicular to the axis to increase the effectiveness during the ripping process. The separation mechanism was done by using lines and holes in the cylindrical tube of the machine. The tube has diameter 596 mm. The capacity derived was 123 kg/hour. Dimension of the machine is 2270 x 900 x 1323.13 mm. This machine works for separating coconut fibre and cocopeat.