bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antibiotic concentrations in raw hospital wastewater surpass minimal selective and minimum inhibitory concentrations of resistant Acinetobacter baylyi strains
Authors: Schuster Dominik , Axtmann Katharina , Holstein Niklas , Felder Carsten , Voigt Alex , Färber Harald , Ciorba Patrick , Szekat Christiane , Schallenberg Anna , Böckmann Matthias , Zarfl Christiane , Neidhöfer Claudio , Smalla Kornelia , Exner Martin , Bierbaum Gabriele 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAntibiotics are essential for modern medicine, they are employed frequently in hospitals and, therefore, present in hospital wastewater. Even in concentrations, that are lower than the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of susceptible bacteria, antibiotics may exert an influence and select resistant bacteria, if they exceed the MSCs (minimal selective concentrations) of resistant strains. Here, we compare the MSCs of fluorescently labelled Acinetobacter baylyi strains harboring spontaneous resistance mutations or a resistance plasmid with antibiotic concentrations determined in hospital wastewater. Low MSCs in the μg/L range were measured for the quinolone ciprofloxacin (17 μg/L) and for the carbapenem meropenem (30 μg/L). A 24 h continuous analysis of hospital wastewater showed daily fluctuations of the concentrations of these antibiotics with distinctive peaks at 7–8 p.m. and 5–6 a.m. The meropenem concentrations were always above the MSC and MIC values of A. baylyi. In addition, the ciprofloxacin concentrations were in the range of the lowest MSC for about half the time. These results explain the abundance of strains with meropenem and ciprofloxacin resistance in hospital wastewater and drains.
Gutting fishy empathies off the Shetland Islands, Scotland
Authors: Giraldo Herrera César E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis article builds upon Amerindian epistemologies and develops a perspectival ethnography of industrial Northwestern European skilled modes of engaging with wild fish. It explores Amerindian perspectivism as an ethnographic methodology grounded on animic premises: subject or object status are relative and relational, experience is intersubjective; the body is permeable, and its perspectives can be exchanged through tools and mimetic processes. Thus subjectivity is collectively constituted and the fundamental means of knowing, leading to the acknowledgement of subjectivity in others. Documenting a perspectival exchange guided by Shetland fishers trawling for monkfish, the article focuses on some possible dynamics and affective affordances involved in gutting processes. Gutting is physically and emotionally taxing labour that involves brief but intimate encounters with responsive beings that may offer effective resistance, affecting fishers or damaging their own value as catch. It entails the possibility of developing an intimate knowledge of fish anatomy, ecology, and behaviour, as well as potentially awareness of fish suffering and fishiness, an empathic quality. The research reveals how Shetland fishers maintain animic modes of learning and being in their understandings of the body and fish. The ethnography presents first‐hand insights into ‘relations of trust’, which, although widely reported, continue to be dismissed as implausible. These relations and their dynamics are further attested through Shetlands háfwords and other language practices that establish synecdochical relations between fishers and fish, restricting violence and making it endurable. These insights problematize violence, illustrating the social skills of fishing and the political dynamics of predation, suggesting paths towards addressing cruelty.
A nativist divide? Anti‐immigration attitudes and diffuse support for democracy in Western Europe
Authors: KOKKONEN ANDREJ , LINDE JONAS 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEarlier research has shown a strong connection between anti‐immigration attitudes and political trust in Western Europe. In this research note, we examine if nativists’ low levels of specific political support translate into a more general scepticism about democracy as a system of government. Using comparative data from the European Social Survey (ESS) and the European Values Study (EVS), we investigate the relationship between nativist attitudes and several indicators of principled, or diffuse, support for democracy. The findings testify to a nativist divide in diffuse political support. We find a systematic and significant difference in support for democracy between strong nativists and other citizens. West European nativists are less likely than other citizens to view their country as democratic. They also tend to perceive living in a democracy as less important than people with a more positive outlook on immigrants. Moreover, and maybe more worrying, nativists express lower levels support for democracy in relation to non‐democratic regime alternatives, that is, they are less likely to be “principled” democrats. The found negative associations remain also after controlling for nativists’ levels of specific support, which indicates that there may be a more fundamental opposition between nativism and diffuse support for democracy than previously acknowledged. We believe that these findings have important implications for research trying to understand challenges to liberal democracy in a time when nativist parties have been successful in politicizing immigration and continue to score electoral victories all over Europe.
Reconciling Socio‐economic and Environmental Sustainability in Agri‐food Development: A Critical Appraisal of Irish Strategies
Authors: Balaine Lorraine , Läpple Doris , Buckley Cathal , Dillon Emma 
Published: September 2022

SummaryIn the face of growing environmental issues associated with food production, arbitrating between multiple and sometimes conflicting aspirations for European agriculture is a complex undertaking. This article critically assesses potential national strategies for sustainable agri‐food development by using Ireland as an example. Facilitated by national and European policies, the Irish agri‐food sector has experienced significant growth over the last decade. Initially, an efficiency‐based strategy was applied at farm and industry levels to increase output while limiting adverse environmental impacts of agri‐food production. However, this strategy proved insufficient to offset the additional environmental pressure caused by agricultural intensification and expansion. More recently, the failure to reconcile economic and environmental targets in Irish agri‐food development encouraged a move away from the efficiency‐based strategy towards the EU‐inspired food systems framework. While this approach incorporates sustainability objectives in a more comprehensive manner, it will require a substantial transition in the way we produce and consume food. Hence, the challenge of designing policy tools that will support its implementation still remains. This article discusses issues arising from reactive policy responses, and highlights the need to better co‐ordinate all levels of the food system.
#Healthpromotion: A qualitative exploration of how dietitians can use social media to positively influence women aged 18–35 years
Authors: Shine Danielle , Minehan Michelle , Knight‐Agarwal Cathy 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimsTo understand how young adult women use social media, including which nutrition and health‐related content they prefer to view and why. Findings are intended to support dietitians to use social media more effectively for health promotion to reach, educate and positively influence young adult women.MethodsQualitative research was conducted through semi‐structured interviews involving 10 women aged 18–35 years via Zoom videoconferencing. The interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using an interpretative phenomenological approach.ResultsYoung adult women use social media daily to view a wide variety of content, including nutrition and health‐related content. Three themes were identified: authenticity, engaging content, and affecting trust through selling products.ConclusionTo effectively use social media for health promotion, dietitians need to share their authentic voice while maintaining professional standards. Recommendations for effective social media engagement include using engaging content, infographics, and videos with closed captions. More research is needed to assess whether health promotion deployed via social media is effective at increasing nutrition knowledge, improving health literacy, and producing behaviour change.
Identifying key factors and strategies for reducing oil content in fried instant noodles
Authors: Obadi Mohammed , Li Yuntong , Xu Bin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFried instant noodles have become a popular instant food in recent years, favored by consumers for their unique flavor and taste. Unfortunately, the oil content of instant noodles is generally high, so the rise of fat‐related diseases poses a major health issue. From the perspective of the cost of instant noodle manufacturers and the health of consumers, it is of great significance to reduce the oil content of instant noodles. The aim of this review article is to provide an overview of the main factors, such as raw materials and production processes, affecting oil content in instant noodles in order to suggest specific strategies to reduce the oil content in the end product. From the literature reviewed, adding acetylated potato starch/carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, or preharvest‐dropped apple powder in the noodle formulation could be a better choice to reduce oil uptake by 5%–20%. Instant noodles with lower oil content can be produced using novel alternative frying technologies, including microwave and vacuum frying. The proper management of the production processes and the implementation of enhancement strategies may result in a reduction of oil content in the end product.
The association between hydroxychloroquine use and future development of systemic lupus erythematosus in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome
Authors: Hsu Bo‐Chueh , Chen Yi‐Hsing , Lin Ching‐Heng , Tang Kuo‐Tung 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimHydroxychloroquine (HCQ), commonly used to treat patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS), has been shown to delay the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This study aimed to explore the association between HCQ use and future development of SLE in pSS patients based on a nationwide nested case–control study.MethodBased on the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan, those patients who were diagnosed with SLE at least 1 year after the diagnosis of pSS were identified as cases. Matched controls were randomly selected from pSS patients without a later diagnosis of SLE in a 1:10 ratio. The odds ratios (ORs) of HCQ exposure between cases and controls were analyzed by unconditional logistic regression after adjustment for age.ResultsA cohort of 11 772 pSS patients were extracted from the database during the period from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2010. A total of 111 (0.9%) pSS patients developed SLE during the follow‐up period. Most (79%) of them developed SLE within 5 years after the diagnosis of pSS. There was no significant difference in the odds of HCQ exposure between cases and controls, with an adjusted OR of 2.43 (95% CI: 0.73–8.05). Neither did we observe a significant difference in the odds of exposure to a higher average dose of HCQ (≥100 mg/d vs non‐exposed) between cases and controls in the sensitivity analysis.ConclusionNearly 1% of pSS patients may develop SLE. HCQ use in pSS patients was not associated with a lower possibility of the future development of SLE.
Airway management in patients with suspected or confirmed traumatic spinal cord injury: a narrative review of current evidence
Authors: Wiles M. D. 
Published: September 2022

SummaryAround 1 million people sustain a spinal cord injury each year, which can have significant psychosocial, physical and socio‐economic consequences for patients, their families and society. The aim of this review is to provide clinicians with a summary of recent studies of direct relevance to the airway management of patients with confirmed or suspected traumatic spinal cord injury to promote best clinical practice. All airway interventions are associated with some degree of movement of the cervical spine; in general, these are very small and whether these are clinically significant in terms of impingement of the spinal cord is unclear. Manual in‐line stabilisation does not effectively immobilise the cervical spine and increases the likelihood of difficult and failed tracheal intubation. There is no clear evidence of benefit of awake tracheal intubation techniques in terms of prevention of secondary spinal cord injury. Videolaryngoscopy appears to cause a similar degree of cervical spine displacement as flexible bronchoscope‐guided tracheal intubation and is an appropriate alternative approach. Direct laryngoscopy does cause a slightly greater degree of cervical spinal movement during tracheal intubation than videolaryngoscopy, but this does not appear to increase the risk of spinal cord compression. The risk of spinal cord injury during tracheal intubation appears to be minimal even in the presence of gross cervical spine instability. Depending on the clinical situation, practitioners should choose the tracheal intubation technique with which they are most proficient and that is most likely to minimise cervical spine movement.
Transport of the patient with trauma: a narrative review
Authors: Spoelder E. J. , Slagt C. , Scheffer G. J. , van Geffen G. J. 
Published: September 2022

SummaryTrauma and injury place a significant burden on healthcare systems. In most high‐income countries, well‐developed acute pre‐hospital and trauma care systems have been established. In Europe, mobile physician‐staffed medical teams are available for the most severely injured patients and apply a wide variety of lifesaving interventions at the same time as ensuring patient comfort. In trauma systems providing pre‐hospital care, medical interventions are performed earlier in the patient journey and do not affect time to definite care. The mode of transport from the accident scene depends on the organisation of the healthcare system and the level of hospital care to which the patient is transported. This varies from ‘scoop and run’ to a basic community care setting, to advanced helicopter emergency medical service transport to a level 4 trauma centre. Secondary transport of trauma patients to a higher level of care should be avoided and may lead to a delay in definitive care. Critically injured patients must be accompanied by at least two healthcare professionals, one of whom must be skilled in cardiopulmonary resuscitation and advanced airway management techniques. Ideally, the standard of care provided during transport, including the level of monitoring, should mirror hospital care. Pre‐hospital care focuses on the critical care patient, but the majority of injured patients need only close observation and pain management during transport. Providing comfort and preventing additional injury is the responsibility of the whole transport team.
Major haemorrhage: past, present and future
Authors: Shah A. , Kerner V. , Stanworth S. J. , Agarwal S. 
Published: September 2022

SummaryMajor haemorrhage is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Successful treatment requires early recognition, planned responses, readily available resources (such as blood products) and rapid access to surgery or interventional radiology. Major haemorrhage is often accompanied by volume loss, haemodilution, acidaemia, hypothermia and coagulopathy (factor consumption and fibrinolysis). Management of major haemorrhage over the past decade has evolved to now deliver a ‘package’ of haemostatic resuscitation including: surgical or radiological control of bleeding; regular monitoring of haemostasis; advanced critical care support; and avoidance of the lethal triad of hypothermia, acidaemia and coagulopathy. Recent trial data advocate for a more personalised approach depending on the clinical scenario. Fresh frozen plasma should be given as early as possible in major trauma in a 1:1 ratio with red blood cells until the results of coagulation tests are available. Tranexamic acid is a cheap, life‐saving drug and is advocated in major trauma, postpartum haemorrhage and surgery, but not in patients with gastrointestinal bleeding. Fibrinogen levels should be maintained > 2 g.l−1 in postpartum haemorrhage and > 1.5 g.l−1 in other haemorrhage. Improving outcomes after major traumatic haemorrhage is now driving research to include extending blood‐product resuscitation into prehospital care.
Mortality, incidence and seasonality of canine and feline patients treated with tick antiserum in three far North Queensland veterinary clinics from 2000 to 2020
Authors: Thomas RP , Greening SS , Hill KE 
Published: September 2022

Tick paralysis is a paralysis caused by bites from Ixodes holocyclus, affecting an estimated 10,000 companion animals in Australia annually. Despite tick antiserum being the cornerstone of treatment, there are no large‐scale general practice studies that examine survival outcomes in tick antiserum‐treated animals. In this retrospective study, clinical records from three far north Queensland general practice veterinary clinics were searched for tick antiserum‐treated canine and feline patients were seen between 2000 and 2020. Patient records were assessed for survival outcomes, then logistic regression and Bayesian structural time‐series model were used to assess trends in incidence and mortality and the relationship between these and time of year, rainfall, and species. The study included 2019 dog and 953 cat records. When patients with unknown outcomes were removed, canine mortality was 11.8% (213/1799) and feline mortality was 5.3% (46/872). Dogs were found to have 2.41 odds of dying following treatment than cats. August and September had the highest mean number of monthly treatments, and rainfall in the previous 5–8 months was positively correlated with the number of patients treated in each month. The odds of mortality did not vary significantly by month or season, and from 2015 onwards, there was a significant decrease in the proportion of dogs treated by the clinics. Overall, this study provides new information on tick antiserum treatment outcomes in general practice as well as new information on tick paralysis incidence in far north Queensland.
Predictors of thrombosis and bleeding in 1613 myelofibrosis patients from the Spanish Registry of Myelofibrosis
Authors: Hernández‐Boluda Juan‐Carlos , Pastor‐Galán Irene , Arellano‐Rodrigo Eduardo , Raya José‐María , Pérez‐Encinas Manuel , Ayala Rosa , Ferrer‐Marín Francisca , Velez Patricia , Mora Elvira , Fox María‐Laura , Hernández‐Rivas Jesús‐María , Xicoy Blanca , Mata‐Vázquez María‐Isabel , García‐Fortes María , Pérez‐López Raúl , Angona Anna , Cuevas Beatriz , Senín Alicia , Ramírez María‐José , Ramírez‐Payer Angel , Gómez‐Casares María‐Teresa , Martínez‐Valverde Clara , Magro Elena , Steegmann Juan‐Luis , Durán María‐Antonia , García‐Hernández Carmen , Gasior Mercedes , de Villambrosia Sonia González , Alvarez‐Larrán Alberto , Pereira Arturo ,   the Spanish MPN Group (GEMFIN)
Published: September 2022

SummaryAvailable data have proved insufficient to develop consensus recommendations on the prevention of thrombosis and bleeding in myelofibrosis (MF). We evaluated the incidence and risk factors of vascular complications in 1613 patients from the Spanish Myelofibrosis Registry. Over a total of 6981 patient‐years at risk, 6.4% of the study population had at least one thrombotic event after MF diagnosis, amounting to an incidence rate of 1.65 per 100 patient‐years. Prior history of thrombosis, the JAK2 mutation, and the intermediate‐2/high‐risk International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) categories conferred an increased thrombotic risk after adjustment for the risk‐modifying effect of anti‐thrombotic and cytoreductive treatments. History of thrombosis and the JAK2 mutation allowed us to pinpoint a group of patients at higher risk of early thrombosis. No decreased incidence of thrombosis was observed while patients were on anti‐thrombotic or cytoreductive treatment. An increased risk of venous thrombosis was found during treatment with immunomodulatory agents. A total of 5.3% of patients had at least one episode of major bleeding, resulting in an incidence rate of 1.5 events per 100 patient‐years. Patients in the intermediate‐2/high‐risk IPSS categories treated with anti‐coagulants had an almost sevenfold increased risk of major bleeding. These findings should prove useful for guiding decision‐making in clinical practice.
Immunoglobulin‐like transcript 2 blockade restores antitumor immune responses in glioblastoma
Authors: Lorenzo‐Herrero Seila , Sordo‐Bahamonde Christian , Martínez‐Pérez Alejandra , Corte‐Torres Mª. Daniela , Fernández‐Vega Iván , Solís‐Hernández Mª. Pilar , González Segundo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGlioblastoma stands as the most frequent primary brain tumor. Despite the multimodal therapy for glioblastoma patients, the survival rate is very low, highlighting the need for novel therapies that improve patient outcomes. Immune checkpoint blockade strategies are achieving promising results in a myriad of tumors and several studies have reported its efficacy in glioblastoma at a preclinical level. ILT2 is a novel immune checkpoint that exerts an inhibitory effect via the interaction with classical and non‐classical HLA class‐I molecules. Herein, we report that ILT2 blockade promotes antitumor responses against glioblastoma. In silico and immunohistochemical analyses revealed that the expression of ILT2 and its ligands HLA‐A, ‐B, ‐C, and ‐E are highly expressed in patients with glioblastoma. Disruption of ILT2 with blocking monoclonal antibodies increased natural killer cell‐mediated IFN‐γ production and cytotoxicity against glioblastoma, partially reverting the immunosuppression linked to this malignancy. In addition, co‐treatment with temozolomide strengthened the antitumor capacity of anti‐ILT2‐treated immune cells. Collectively, our results establish the basis for future studies regarding the clinical potential of ILT2 blockade alone or in combination regimens in glioblastoma.