bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder symptom sub-cluster severity predicts gray matter volume changes better than overall symptom severity
Authors: Azma Sheeva , Thompson Rachel , Bermudez Diana , Renton Rachael , Adeyemo Adebanke , Meyerhoff James , Amdur Richard , Green Bonnie , Dutton Mary Ann , Vanmeter John 
Published: July 2022

Although Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) can be understood as dysregulation in fear extinction circuitry, it is not a unitary, homogeneous disorder; some symptoms of PTSD do not have direct fear-related correlates (anhedonia, emotional numbing, associated substance abuse). This study examines the relationship between the severity of PTSD symptom sub-clusters and changes in gray matter volume (GMV).
11 patients who had experienced interpersonal violence (females, mean age 38.4 yrs) participated in a MRI study and were assessed using the PTSD Checklist (PCL) (Weathers 1993). Individuals with current substance dependence, lifetime or current psychosis, bipolar disorder, current suicidality, and current psychoactive medications were excluded. A T1-weighted 3D MPRAGE volume was acquired (Siemens 3T Tim Trio, 176 sagittal slices, TR/TE=1900/2.52ms, effective resolution 1mm
3). Voxel-Based Morphometry (VBM) analysis was conducted in SPM5 (Ashburner 2000). Symptom subclusters of Avoidance, Dysphoria, Hyperarousal, and Intrusions were calculated according to Krause et al. (2008). Associations between GMV and subclusters were tested with linear regression, with age as covariate of no interest. Results were thresholded at p=0.0025, with cluster-level correction.
Overall, symptom subcluster severity negatively correlated with GMV in regions previously implicated in PTSD. Severity of Avoidance symptoms (avoidant thinking, behavior) was negatively correlated with bilateral mid-cingulate (BA32) and anterior cingulate (BA24) cortices. Severity of Intrusions (flashbacks, nightmares, reliving) was negatively correlated with left-lateralized insula (BA13, BA47), inferior orbitofrontal cortex (BA47), postcentral gyrus (BA3), lingual gyrus, and calcarine sulcus (BA17). Hyperarousal (hypervigilant, “jumpy”) severity was not associated with GMV. Dysphoria symptom severity exhibited a trend of positive correlation with GMV in middle frontal gyrus (p=0.012). Total PCL score tended to correlate negatively (p=0.08) with GMV in right parahippocampal gyrus.
These results support the hypothesis that PTSD is an imbalance of brain systems involved in approach and avoidance (Stein and Paulus 2009). Use of symptom sub-clusters revealed, to a greater degree than total PCL score, subtle changes in GMV. Specifically, severity of Intrusions was associated with decreased GMV in visual, motor, and pain processing areas while Dysphoria was positively correlated with GMV in middle frontal gyrus as observed in depressed patients. Greater knowledge of the structural correlates of symptom clusters may enhance understanding and treatment of PTSD.
LexCH: a quick and reliable receptive vocabulary size test for Chinese Learners
Authors: Qi Shiwei , Teng Mark Feng , Fu Ailan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The measurement of vocabulary size is crucial in applied linguistics research. Although increasing attention has been given to the study of Chinese vocabulary assessment, few reliable and valid tools are available to evaluate Chinese learners’ receptive vocabulary size, particularly for teenagers and adults. We aim to fill this gap by developing LexCH, a quick, reliable and free receptive vocabulary size assessment tool that researchers and language teachers can readily adopt. In developing LexCH, we chose items covering a range of difficulty levels and with strong discriminative power as test items for the final version of LexCH based on item response theory. In total, 480 students from a junior high school and a high school in China participated in this study. Our initial validation results suggest that LexCH is a reliable and valid receptive vocabulary size test for L1 Chinese speakers; it also shows great potential for use among L2 Chinese learners. Implications for assessing receptive vocabulary size in Chinese learning are provided.
Research on Gender Stereotyping and Entrepreneurship: Suggestions for Some Paths Worth Pursuing
Authors: Jennings Jennifer E. , Tonoyan Vartuhi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDespite the tremendous growth in research on gender stereotyping in the context of entrepreneurship, scholarly understanding of this phenomenon is far from complete. Accordingly, the overarching goal of this paper is to stimulate greater attention to topics that warrant fuller consideration. Of the many paths worth pursuing, we focus on those that we term “Investigating Intersectionalities”, “Mapping Masculinities”, and “Revealing Rationales”. In our coverage of each, we describe the recommended route’s essence and intellectual origins, summarize extant work within the entrepreneurship literature, and raise illustrative questions for future research. We hope our efforts to demarcate these paths encourage their pursuit.
Virtual patients: an option for future distance midwifery education?
Authors: Urbanová Eva , Bašková Martina , Maskálová Erika , Mazúchová Lucia , Škodová Zuzana 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background
The objective is to introduce the creating a set of virtual patients (VPs) to support distance midwifery education as well as the impact of distance education by means of VPs on knowledge, skills, motivation, clinical practice, and student satisfaction.

Methods
VPs were created using OpenLabyrinth (OL). The impact of the distance education was assessed using a feedback questionnaire.

Results
When creating our own VPs, the design and development phase can be considered the most difficult. On a scale of 1 (agree) to 4 (disagree), the student feedback rates were mostly positive (1.04–2.13). A high degree of agreement was associated with the acquisition of theoretical knowledge (1.15–1.28) and skills (1.43).

Conclusions
The creation of our own VPs is challenging for teachers due to its unconventional character. The students expressed great satisfaction with distance learning, but lacked face-to-face contact with the patient.
Extremely low gestational age neonates and resuscitation: survey on perspectives of Canadian neonatologists
Authors: Wood Stacie J. , Coughlin Kevin , Cheng Anita 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Resuscitation care planning for extremely low gestational age neonates (ELGANs) is complex and ethically charged. Increasing survival at lower gestational ages has had a significant impact on this complexity. It also has an impact on healthcare resource utilization and policy development in Canada. This study sought to determine the current attitudes and practices of neonatologists in Canada, and to assess moral distress associated with resuscitation decisions in the ELGAN population. It also aimed to explore the perspectives of adopting a shared decision-making approach where further data with regard to best interests and prognosis are gathered in an individualized manner after birth.

Methods
Neonatologists in Canadian level III NICUs were surveyed in 2020.

Results
Amongst the 65 responses, 78% expressed moral distress when parents request non-resuscitation at 24 weeks. Uncertainty around long-term outcomes in an era with improved chances of morbidity-free survival was the most prominent factor contributing to moral distress. 70% felt less moral distress deciding goals of care after the baby’s initial resuscitation and preferred an individualized approach to palliation decisions based on postnatal course and assessment.

Conclusions
While most current guidelines still support the option of non-resuscitation for infants born at less than 25 weeks, we show evidence of moral distress among Canadian neonatologists that suggests the consideration of routine resuscitation from 24 weeks and above is a more ethical approach in the current era of improved outcomes. Canadian neonatologists identified less moral distress when goals of care are developed postnatally, with availability of more evidence for prognostication, instead of antenatally based primarily on gestational age.
Gaps in transition readiness measurement: a comparison of instruments to a conceptual model
Authors: South Katherine , George Maureen , Smaldone Arlene 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Measuring transition readiness is important when preparing young people with chronic illness for successful transition to adult care. The Expanded Socioecological Model of Adolescent and Young Adult Readiness to Transition (Expanded SMART) offers a holistic view of factors that influence transition readiness and outcomes. The aim of this study was to examine conceptual congruency of transition readiness instruments with the Expanded SMART to determine the breadth and frequency of constructs measured.

Methods
PubMed was searched to identify observational and experimental studies that measured transition readiness across chronic illnesses. Selected instruments were first evaluated on their development and psychometric properties. Next, reviewers independently mapped each instrument item to Expanded SMART constructs: knowledge, skills/self-efficacy, relationships/communication, psychosocial/emotions, developmental maturity, beliefs/expectations, goals/motivation. If items did not map to a construct, a new construct was named inductively through group discussion.

Results
Three instruments (TRAQ [20 items], STARx [18 items] and TRxANSITION Index [32 items]), reported in 74 studies, were identified. Across instruments, most items mapped to three constructs: skills/self-efficacy, developmental maturity, and knowledge. The psychosocial constructs of goals/motivation and psychosocial/emotions were underrepresented in the instruments. No instrument mapped to every model construct. Two new constructs: independent living and organization were identified.

Conclusions
Constructs representing transition readiness in three frequently used transition readiness instruments vary considerably from Expanded SMART, a holistic conceptual model of transition readiness, suggesting that conceptualization and operationalization of transition readiness is not standardized. No instrument reflected all conceptual constructs of transition readiness and psychosocial constructs were underrepresented, suggesting that current instruments may provide an incomplete measurement of transition readiness.
Nonlinear discrete system model of tobacco supply chain information
Authors: Xu XiaoGuang , Guo Yue , Fu YongMin , Wang ZhengWei , Zhao XuDong 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In order to understand the real environment and specific needs of China’s current tobacco industry, master the signal information in the tobacco supply chain, and timely discover the source of the tobacco supply chain, this paper puts forward the detection method of anti-counterfeiting at the source of the tobacco supply chain. Based on this, this article constructs a nonlinear discrete system model, which mainly studies the logistics information existing in the tobacco supply chain, utilizes the noise existing in the tobacco supply chain information obtained by EKF filtering, and combines it with Support vector machine data analysis method. The results showed that out of 450 sample tests, 0 real sample errors and 1 misuse of 49 false samples, with a total detection rate of up to 100% was achieved. The results show that the nonlinear discrete system model is better, has higher detection effect of tobacco supply source, and improves the detection accuracy.
Recent developments and applications of smart nanoparticles in biomedicine
Authors: Campora Simona , Ghersi Giulio 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOver the last decades, nanotechnology applied in medicine (nanomedicine) has sparked great interest from the scientific community, thanks to the possibility to engineer nanostructured materials, including nanoparticles (NPs), for a specific application. Their small size confers them unique properties because they are subject to physical laws in the middle between classical and quantum physics. This review is proposed to explain better how to design a specific NP and clarify the relationship between the type, size, and shape of NPs and the specific medical applications. NPs are classified into inorganic (metallic NPs, quantum dots, carbon-based nanostructures, mesoporous silica NPs) and organic (liposomes and micelles, dendrimers, and polymer NPs). Here, we report an accurate description of the potential of each NPs type focusing on their multiple areas of application, including theranostics drug delivery, imaging, tissue engineering, antimicrobial techniques, and nanovaccines. All these features make NPs a promise to revolutionize the new era of nanomedicine.
Data format standards in analytical chemistry
Authors: Rauh David , Blankenburg Claudia , Fischer Tillmann G. , Jung Nicole , Kuhn Stefan , Schatzschneider Ulrich , Schulze Tobias , Neumann Steffen 
Published: July 2022

AbstractResearch data is an essential part of research and almost every publication in chemistry. The data itself can be valuable for reuse if sustainably deposited, annotated and archived. Thus, it is important to publish data following the FAIR principles, to make it findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable not only for humans but also in machine-readable form. This also improves transparency and reproducibility of research findings and fosters analytical work with scientific data to generate new insights, being only accessible with manifold and diverse datasets. Research data requires complete and informative metadata and use of open data formats to obtain interoperable data. Generic data formats like AnIML and JCAMP-DX have been used for many applications. Special formats for some analytical methods are already accepted, like mzML for mass spectrometry or nmrML and NMReDATA for NMR spectroscopy data. Other methods still lack common standards for data. Only a joint effort of chemists, instrument and software vendors, publishers and infrastructure maintainers can make sure that the analytical data will be of value in the future. In this review, we describe existing data formats in analytical chemistry and introduce guidelines for the development and use of standardized and open data formats.
From Kosovo Rush to Mass Atrocities’ Hush. German Debates since Unification
Authors: Hering Robin , Stahl Bernhard 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Germany’s involvement in the Kosovo War marked its first active participation in combat operations since the Second World War. For many observers at the time, the intervention represented a fundamental policy shift in the West, and in Germany in particular. Mass atrocities, no longer to be observed from the sidelines, were now to be actively prevented. Twenty years later, this stance seems rather puzzling. Mass atrocities continued to be committed; Germany has neither championed efforts to prevent such acts, nor has it been proactive in this regard. In this article, the authors develop three proxies that serve to indicate whether mass atrocities were highly politicised: the existence of parliamentary debates, media coverage, and church statements. They show that Kosovo is an outlier within an otherwise clear continuity of German political silencing in the face of mass atrocities. To prove this claim, they turn to German domestic debates on twelve mass atrocity cases abroad since the country’s unification in 1990.
An experimental perspective on embedded gapping in Persian
Authors: Bîlbîie Gabriela , Faghiri Pegah 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This paper empirically tests the embedding constraints on gapping in Persian. It has been suggested that gapping differs from other kinds of ellipsis in banning embedding. However, the first counter-examples in the literature come from Persian. Following up on previous experiments on embedded gapping in several languages, we report the results of two acceptability judgment tasks. Our results show that, while embedded gapping is overall acceptable in Persian, speakers’ acceptability judgements also vary depending on the semantic type of the embedding predicate, as well as the presence/absence of the complementizer. Data from Persian highlight that, despite the cross-linguistic variation observed with respect to the acceptability of embedded gapping, a general semantic constraint is at work across languages: non-factive verbs embed more easily than factive ones; inside factive verbs, semi-factive (cognitive) predicates embed more easily than true factive (emotive) ones. Moreover, whereas previous theoretical literature indicates no systematic preference for the absence or the presence of the complementizer in Persian, these new experimental data suggest a preference for complementizer drop. To account for the gradience observed in our experimental data, we propose an approach of gapping based on acceptability rather than grammaticality.
Isolated short attosecond pulse generation by a spatially inhomogeneous combined field
Authors: Hu Yueqiang , Zhang Gangtai , Bai Tingting , Wu Junxiao , Song Yunmei , Wang Ziqi , Yang Zhihuai , Wang Yuxing , Zhang Qian , Zhao Xi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We present a theoretical investigation of high-order harmonics and isolated short attosecond pulse generation by a spatially inhomogeneous combined field. The calculation results show that this spatiotemporally synthesized field can not only extend the spectral cutoff but also realize the quantum path control, whereupon an ultrawide supercontinuum with a smooth and regular structure is generated. By filtering a wide range of continuous harmonics around the cutoff region, an isolated 17.6 as pulse with a bandwidth of 279 eV is directly obtained without any phase compensation. Moreover, we also investigate the influence of the CEP, time delay, spatial nonhomogeneity, and laser intensity on the harmonic spectrum.
Mitotic checkpoint gene expression is tuned by codon usage bias
Authors: Esposito Eric , Weidemann Douglas E , Rogers Jessie M , Morton Claire M , Baybay Erod Keaton , Chen Jing , Hauf Silke 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe mitotic checkpoint (also called spindle assembly checkpoint, SAC) is a signaling pathway that safeguards proper chromosome segregation. Correct functioning of the SAC depends on adequate protein concentrations and appropriate stoichiometries between SAC proteins. Yet very little is known about the regulation of SAC gene expression. Here, we show in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe that a combination of short mRNA half‐lives and long protein half‐lives supports stable SAC protein levels. For the SAC genes mad2+ and mad3+, their short mRNA half‐lives are caused, in part, by a high frequency of nonoptimal codons. In contrast, mad1+ mRNA has a short half‐life despite a higher frequency of optimal codons, and despite the lack of known RNA‐destabilizing motifs. Hence, different SAC genes employ different strategies of expression. We further show that Mad1 homodimers form co‐translationally, which may necessitate a certain codon usage pattern. Taken together, we propose that the codon usage of SAC genes is fine‐tuned to ensure proper SAC function. Our work shines light on gene expression features that promote spindle assembly checkpoint function and suggests that synonymous mutations may weaken the checkpoint.
USP8 promotes cancer progression and extracellular vesicle‐mediated CD8+ T cell exhaustion by deubiquitinating the TGF‐β receptor TβRII
Authors: Xie Feng , Zhou Xiaoxue , Li Heyu , Su Peng , Liu Sijia , Li Ran , Zou Jing , Wei Xiang , Pan Chen , Zhang Zhengkui , Zheng Min , Liu Zhuang , Meng Xuli , Ovaa Huib , ten Dijke Peter , Zhou Fangfang , Zhang Long 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTGF‐β signaling is a key player in tumor progression and immune evasion, and is associated with poor response to cancer immunotherapies. Here, we identified ubiquitin‐specific peptidase 8 (USP8) as a metastasis enhancer and a highly active deubiquitinase in aggressive breast tumors. USP8 acts both as a cancer stemness‐promoting factor and an activator of the TGF‐β/SMAD signaling pathway. USP8 directly deubiquitinates and stabilizes the type II TGF‐β receptor TβRII, leading to its increased expression in the plasma membrane and in tumor‐derived extracellular vesicles (TEVs). Increased USP8 activity was observed in patients resistant to neoadjuvant chemotherapies. USP8 promotes TGF‐β/SMAD‐induced epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion, and metastasis in tumor cells. USP8 expression also enables TβRII+ circulating extracellular vesicles (crEVs) to induce T cell exhaustion and chemoimmunotherapy resistance. Pharmacological inhibition of USP8 antagonizes TGF‐β/SMAD signaling, and reduces TβRII stability and the number of TβRII+ crEVs to prevent CD8+ T cell exhaustion and to reactivate anti‐tumor immunity. Our findings not only reveal a novel mechanism whereby USP8 regulates the cancer microenvironment but also demonstrate the therapeutic advantages of engineering USP8 inhibitors to simultaneously suppress metastasis and improve the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy.
The current rockweed, Ascophyllum nodosum, harvesting regime on the shores of Nova Scotia – a review
Authors: Fass Megan P. 
Published: July 2022

Ascophyllum nodosum is an ecologically and economically valuable species of brown seaweed found in Nova Scotia. The large fronds covered in airbladders create distinctive underwater canopy ecosystems in the intertidal zone. Ascophyllum is valuable as a soil supplement and fertilizer due to its biochemical composition. Commercial harvest of this wild resource began approximately sixty years ago and has been continuously exploited since. Careful management of Ascophyllum stocks is necessary to sustain the industry. In this literature review, the current harvesting regime of this seaweed in Nova Scotia is summarized and assessed in relation to harvesting regimes elsewhere and to the state of the intertidal marine ecosystem.Keywords: Ascophyllum nodosum, ecological impacts, intertidal ecology, resource management, rockweed harvesting, seaweed industry
Ecological Consortium as an Elementary Ecosystem
Authors: Ivashov Anatolij , Simchuk Andriy 
Published: July 2022

Each of the large autotrophic or heterotrophic organisms reproduces an environment for many organisms, living in, on and around it. This central organism and all other organisms, living in the sphere of its influence, constitute together an elementary community or ecosystem if to take into the consideration soil, air and other elements, which are included into the sphere. In East European ecological tradition such the elementary ecosystems are named individual consortia. Population and species consortia integrate individual consortia of population and species representatives correspondingly. Each central organism has unique genotype, and, thus, reproduces unique environment for its inhabitants. In this reason, the result of interaction between consorters and their host depend both from the genotype of central organism from one side and from genetic structures of the consorters from another side. Thus, autotrophic or heterotrophic individual consortium is a spatially limited unity of different organisms, zone of life concentration, in which specific composition of living and non-living components with peculiar energetic and informative exchange is forming arround the determinant, anough large central organism.