bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cost stickiness and stock price crash risk
Authors: Habib Ahsan , Costa Mabel D 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe examine the association between cost stickiness and the risk of stock price crash, defined as asymmetry in the distribution of weekly stock returns. We use information opaqueness and heterogeneous investor beliefs as our two theoretical frameworks. Using a sample of US firms, we find a positive association between cost stickiness and crash risk. This association is more pronounced for firms with an opaque information environment as proxied by fewer analysts following. As efficient cost management is key to profit maximisation, studying the implications of cost stickiness makes a valuable contribution to the literature on cost management.
Random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis reveals no clear link between Staphylococcus epidermidis and acute mastitis
Authors: Cullinane Meabh , Scofield Lauren , Murray Gerald L. , Payne Matthew S. , Bennett Catherine M. , Garland Suzanne M. , Amir Lisa H. ,   for the CASTLE Study team
Published: March 2022

Mastitis is commonly experienced by breastfeeding women. While Staphylococcus aureus is usually implicated in infectious mastitis, coagulase‐negative staphylococci (CoNS) are a possible alternative pathogen. This case‐control study examined the role of CoNS in mastitis using isolates cultured from breast milk of 20 women with mastitis and 16 women without mastitis. Gene sequencing determined bacterial species, and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis investigated strain‐level variation. The majority of CoNS isolates were Staphylococcus epidermidis (182/199; 91%). RAPD analysis identified 33 unique S. epidermidis profiles, with no specific profile associated with mastitis cases.
Paediatric dog bite injuries: a 10‐year retrospective cohort analysis from Sydney Children's Hospital
Authors: Sulaiman Ahmad , Liang Derek , Gianoutsos Mark , Moradi Pouria 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundDog bite injuries are largely preventable yet present the most common animal related cause of hospitalisation. This study examines the demographics and clinical cost of patients with dog bite related injuries who presented to Sydney Children's Hospital (SCH) from 2010 to 2020. The results from our study will be used to raise awareness regarding the impact of dog bite injuries in our community.MethodsData was obtained from the SCH database using ICD‐10‐AM code W54.0, which captures all patients presenting to SCH with dog bite injuries from 2010 to 2020. A chart review was then performed to retrieve demographic data for analysis. Data analysis was performed using SAS® software version 9.4 and cost for each patient retrieved from the SCH clinical costing department.ResultsA total of 628 patients presented to SCH with dog bites during the study period. 273 (43.5%) patients received treatment in ED only with the remaining 355 (56.5%) patients admitted for treatment. The average age was 5.69 years old. There were 321 males (51.1%) and 307 females (48.9%). Facial and other head & neck injuries were most common (64.4%). Pitbull, Labrador and Rottweiler were the most commonly documented offending breeds (25%) with the family dog most likely to offend (49%). The mean clinical cost for per dog bite injury was $2968.ConclusionAs part of the largest single centre study exploring dog bite injuries, we expect that this study will stimulate potential public health campaigns targeted at educating parents and children on interacting with dogs to minimise these injuries.
Nutrition during extracorporeal life support: A review of pathophysiological bases and application of guidelines
Authors: D'Alesio Mark , Martucci Gennaro , Arcadipane Antonio , Lorusso Roberto , Amrein Karin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundPatients on extracorporeal life support (ECLS), either for respiratory or cardiac support, are at high risk of malnutrition; guidelines on nutrition in critical care have not incorporated solid evidence regarding these settings. The aim of this narrative review is to gather the available evidence in the existing literature and transpose general principles to the ECLS population.MethodsA literature review of observational and interventional studies on nutrition during ECLS, and evaluation of nutrition guidelines in this perspective.ResultsNutrition is paramount for improving outcomes in ECLS, as well as in critically ill patients. The caloric needs during ECLS can vary according to the severity of the clinical state, sedation, paralysis, and temperature stability. Precise evaluation of energy expenditure by indirect calorimetry is difficult because ECLS is a system dedicated to removing carbon dioxide; however, modified equations composed of carbon dioxide values taken from the membrane lung are available. Guidelines suggest starting early enteral nutrition (EN) with a hypocaloric (70%–80% of the needs) strategy, also in acute states such as septic or cardiogenic shock. Moreover, EN, despite previous concerns, is feasible in prone position, an increasingly adopted strategy during mechanical ventilation. The catabolic state is maximal in these patients, causing a protein and muscular reduction. Therefore, adequate protein delivery should be guaranteed by administering a high protein intake of up to 2 g/kg/day.ConclusionsStudies on nutrition tailored to ECLS patients are warranted. Early hypocaloric EN with high protein intake, tailored on indirect calorimetry, may be the most appropriate option.
Lung thermography during the initial reperfusion period to assess pulmonary function in cellular ex vivo lung perfusion
Authors: Kosaka Ryo , Sakota Daisuke , Niikawa Hiromichi , Ohuchi Katsuhiro , Arai Hirokuni , McCurry Kenneth R. , Okamoto Toshihiro 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThermography is a noninvasive technology to detect low temperatures in poorly circulated areas. In ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP), lungs are rewarmed to body temperature during the initial 1 h. Currently, the effect of graft thermal changes during the rewarming phase on pulmonary function is unknown. In this study, we evaluated the correlation of lung surface temperature with physiological parameters, wet/dry ratio, and transplant suitability in Lund‐type EVLP.MethodsFifteen pigs were divided into three groups: control group (no warm ischemia) or donation after circulatory death groups with 60 or 90 min of warm ischemia (n = 5, each). Thermal images of the lower lobes were continuously collected from the bottom of an organ chamber using infrared thermography throughout EVLP.ResultsAt 8 min, lung surface temperatures of nonsuitable cases were significantly lower than in suitable cases (25.1 ± 0.6 vs. 27.8 ± 1.2°C, p < 0.001), while there was no difference in lung surface temperatures between the two groups at 0–4 min and 12–120 min. There was a significant negative correlation between lung surface temperatures at 8 min and wet/dry ratio at 2 h in the lower lobes (R = −0.769, p < 0.001, cutoff = 26°C, area under the curve = 1.0). A lung surface temperature of <26°C was significantly correlated with poor pulmonary function and transplant nonsuitability.ConclusionA lung surface temperature of ≥26°C at 8 min is a good early predictor of transplant suitability in cellular EVLP and might be applicable in clinical EVLP.
Anemia and outcomes following left ventricular assist device implantation
Authors: Imamura Teruhiko , Narang Nikhil , Besser Stephanie , Rodgers Daniel , Combs Pamela , Siddiqi Umar , Stonebraker Corinne , Jeevanandam Valluvan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundPatients with concomitant anemia and congestive heart failure have poor outcomes. The prevalence and clinical risk of anemia in patients receiving durable left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) remain unknown.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed patients who underwent LVAD implantation between 2014 and 2018. The association between hemoglobin level at the time of index discharge and the one‐year composite endpoint of heart failure readmissions or hemocompatibility‐related adverse events was investigated.ResultsA total of 168 patients (57 [48, 66] years old, 123 males) were included and stratified into a classification of anemia (hemoglobin <9.7 g/dl, N = 99) or non‐anemia (N = 69). The anemia group had a higher one‐year incidence of the composite endpoint (56% vs 36%, p = .013) with an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.83 (95% confidence interval 1.08–2.82). Patients with anemia also experienced suboptimal bi‐ventricular unloading.ConclusionsAnemia was prevalent in LVAD patients and associated with a greater risk of heart failure and hemocompatibility‐related adverse events. The optimal threshold for therapeutic intervention in response to post‐LVAD anemia needs further investigation.
Interdependence, bonding and support are associated with improved mental wellbeing following an outdoor team challenge
Authors: Cohen Emma , Davis Arran J. , Taylor Jacob 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSocial relationships and mental health are functionally integrated throughout the lifespan. Although recent laboratory‐based research has begun to reveal psychological pathways linking social interaction, interdependence, bonding and wellbeing, more evidence is needed to integrate and understand the potential significance of these accounts for real‐world events and interventions. In a questionnaire‐based, repeated measures design, we measured the wellbeing of 13‐ to 19‐year‐old participants (n = 226) in the Ten Tors Challenge (United Kingdom) 7–10 days before (T1) and after (T4) the event. Immediately before (T2) and after (T3) the event, we administered measures of team bonding, perceived and experienced interdependence, perceived and received support, physical pain and fatigue, and performance satisfaction. There was a significant increase in participants' wellbeing (pre‐to‐post event). Post‐event social bonding and performance satisfaction positively predicted the wellbeing increase. Bonding was, in turn, positively predicted by experienced interdependence, received support, pain and fatigue, and the sense of having done better as a team than expected. Results provide novel field‐based evidence on the associations between meaningful bonds of mutual reliance in a challenging team event and adolescent wellbeing. Team challenge events potentially offer effective contexts for forging social interactions, interdependencies, and bonds that can support mental and physical health.
Applying Lyon Consensus criteria in the work‐up of patients with proton pump inhibitory‐refractory heartburn
Authors: Frazzoni Marzio , Frazzoni Leonardo , Ribolsi Mentore , Bortoli Nicola De , Tolone Salvatore , Russo Salvatore , Conigliaro Rita , Penagini Roberto , Fuccio Lorenzo , Zagari Rocco Maurizio , Savarino Edoardo 
Published: March 2022

SummaryBackgroundA hierarchical approach for gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) diagnosis by impedance‐pH monitoring was proposed by the Lyon Consensus, based on acid exposure time (AET) and supportive impedance metrics.AimsTo establish the clinical value of Lyon Consensus criteria in the work‐up of patients with proton pump inhibitory (PPI)‐refractory heartburn.MethodsExpert review of off‐therapy impedance‐pH tracings from unproven GERD patients with PPI‐refractory heartburn prospectively evaluated at referral centers. Impedance metrics, namely total reflux episodes, postreflux swallow‐induced peristaltic wave index, and mean nocturnal baseline impedance, were assessed. Expert review of on‐therapy preoperative impedance‐pH tracings from a separate cohort of surgically treated erosive/nonerosive GERD cases.ResultsOff‐therapy, normal, inconclusive, and abnormal AET was found in 59%, 17%, and 23% of 317 cases. Supportive evidence of GERD was provided by abnormal impedance metrics in up to 22% and 62% of cases in the normal and inconclusive AET groups, respectively. Adding the cases with inconclusive AET and abnormal impedance metrics to the abnormal AET group, a significant increase in GERD evidence was observed (from 23% to 37% of cases, p < 0.0002). At the on‐therapy presurgical evaluation, abnormal/inconclusive AET and supraphysiological values of impedance metrics showed ongoing reflux in 21% and 90% of 96 cases, respectively (p < 0.00001); a relationship between on‐therapy ongoing reflux and PPI‐refractory heartburn was confirmed by the favorable surgical outcome at 3‐year follow‐up, 88% of cases being in persistent off‐PPI heartburn remission.ConclusionsImpedance‐pH monitoring, off‐ and on‐therapy, is of high clinical value in the work‐up of patients with PPI‐refractory heartburn.
Comparative efficacy of an optimal exam between ultrasound versus abbreviated MRI for HCC screening in NAFLD cirrhosis: A prospective study
Authors: Huang Daniel Q. , Fowler Kathryn J. , Liau Joy , Cunha Guilherme M. , Louie Ashley L. , An Julie Y. , Bettencourt Ricki , Jung Jinho , Gitto Zachary , Hernandez Christie , Lopez Scarlett J. , Gupta Hersh , Sirlin Claude B. , Marks Robert M. , Loomba Rohit 
Published: March 2022

SummaryBackgroundRetrospective studies report that visualisation of the liver may be severely limited using ultrasound (US), potentially contributing to diminished sensitivity for detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) among patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and cirrhosis, but there are limited prospective data.AimsTo compare liver visualisation scores prospectively for US and abbreviated hepatobiliary phase (HBP) magnetic resonance imaging (AMRI) in a cohort of participants with NAFLD cirrhosis and a clinical indication for HCC surveillance.MethodsThis prospective multicenter study included 54 consecutive participants (67% women) with NAFLD cirrhosis who underwent contemporaneous US as well as HBP‐AMRI with gadoxetic acid. Primary outcome was the proportion of imaging examinations with severe limitations in liver visualisation (visualisation score C) compared head‐to‐head between US and AMRI.ResultsThe mean (± standard deviation) age was 63.3 years (±8.4) and body mass index was 32.0 kg/m2 (±6.0). Nineteen participants (35%) had severe visualisation limitations on US, compared with 10 (19%) with AMRI, p < 0.0001. Nine (17%) participants had <90% of the liver visualised on US, compared with only 1 (2%) participant with AMRI, p < 0.0001. Obesity was a strong and independent predictor for severe visualisation limitation on US (OR 5.1, CI 1.1–23.1, p = 0.03), after adjustment for age, sex and ethnicity.ConclusionMore than one‐third of participants with NAFLD cirrhosis had severe visualisation limitations on US for HCC screening, compared with one‐sixth on AMRI. US adequacy should be reported in all clinical studies and when suboptimal then AMRI may be considered for HCC screening.
Subcutaneous injection of infliximab CT‐P13 results in stable drug levels within 14‐day treatment cycle in Crohn’s disease
Authors: Roblin Xavier , Veyrard Pauline , Bastide Laetitia , Berger Anne E. , Barrau Mathilde , Paucelle Anne‐Sophie , Waeckel Louis , Kwiatek Sany , Flourie Bernard , Nancey Stephane , Paul Stéphane 
Published: March 2022

SummaryThe new subcutaneous (sc) formulation of the infliximab (IFX) biosimilar CT‐P13 results in homogeneous serum trough concentrations of IFX at steady state. The present study aimed to investigate in Crohn’s disease (CD) patients the intra‐individual variations of IFX drug levels at multiple time‐points during 2 consecutive cycles of maintenance therapy with CT‐P13 sc.Patients and MethodsCD patients in clinico‐biological remission under maintenance therapy with intravenous (iv) IFX/CT‐P13 were switched to CT‐P13 sc 8 weeks (W) after the last infusion. They were treated with CT‐P13 sc, 120 mg every 2 W. Assessments were performed from 8 W after starting CT‐P13 sc and patients had to attend 6 visits on 2 consecutive cycles of treatment (cycles A and B). Visits were scheduled on days 4–6 (visit 1), days 7–9 (visit 2) and day 14 (visit 3) of each cycle, where days 1 and 14 were the days of sc injection of CT‐P13. At each visit, peripheral blood was collected to measure serum IFX levels and anti‐drug antibodies.ResultsTwenty patients underwent 120 evaluations. Large intra‐individual variations of serum drug levels of IFX were observed. When pooling the 120 evaluations, the mean drug level was 11.3 ± 4.9 μg/ml, and the median drug level was 10.9 μg/ml (IQR 7.5–15.5). During each cycle, the median drug levels were similar between visits 1 and 2 as well as between visits 1 and 3 and between visits 2 and 3. In cycle A, median drug levels were 11.1 μg/ml (7.8–14.5), 12.0 μg/ml (7.2–16.1) and 11.0 μg/ml (7.5–15.1) at V1, V2 and V3, respectively. Similar results were obtained in cycle B, where median drug levels were 11.6 μg/ml (7.9–14.9), 11.4 μg/ml (8.1–15.2) and 10.9 μg/ml (7.9–15.6) at V1, V2 and V3, respectively. In univariate analysis, we failed to identify factors predictive of low drug levels.ConclusionsIFX drug levels are quite stable within 14‐day treatment cycle, without trough levels in CD patients in remission during the maintenance therapy with CT‐P13 sc. In patients with inactive CD under maintenance therapy with CT‐P13 sc, therapeutic drug monitoring of IFX can be performed at any time between two CT‐P13 sc injections.
Male alternative reproductive tactics and sperm competition: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Dougherty Liam R. , Skirrow Michael J. A. , Jennions Michael D. , Simmons Leigh W. 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTIn many animal species, males may exhibit one of several discrete, alternative ways of obtaining fertilisations, known as alternative reproductive tactics (ARTs). Males exhibiting ARTs typically differ in the extent to which they invest in traits that improve their mating success, or the extent to which they face sperm competition. This has led to the widespread prediction that males exhibiting ARTs associated with a high sperm competition risk, or lower investment into traits that improve their competitiveness before mating, should invest more heavily into traits that improve their competitiveness after mating, such as large ejaculates and high‐quality sperm. However, despite many studies investigating this question since the 1990s, evidence for differences in sperm and ejaculate investment between male ARTs is mixed, and there has been no quantitative summary of this field. Following a systematic review of the literature, we performed a meta‐analysis examining how testes size, sperm number and sperm traits differ between males exhibiting ARTs that face either a high or low sperm competition risk, or high or low investment in traits that increase mating success. We obtained data from 92 studies and 67 species from across the animal kingdom. Our analyses showed that male fish exhibiting ARTs facing a high sperm competition risk had significantly larger testes (after controlling for body size) than those exhibiting tactics facing a low sperm competition risk. However, this effect appears to be due to the inappropriate use of the gonadosomatic index as a body‐size corrected measure of testes investment, which overestimates the difference in testes investment between male tactics in most cases. We found no significant difference in sperm number between males exhibiting different ARTs, regardless of whether sperm were measured from the male sperm stores or following ejaculation. We also found no significant difference in sperm traits between males exhibiting different ARTs, with the exception of sperm adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content in fish. Finally, the difference in post‐mating investment between male ARTs was not influenced by the extent to which tactics were flexible, or by the frequency of sneakers in the population. Overall, our results suggest that, despite clear theoretical predictions, there is little evidence that male ARTs differ substantially in investment into sperm and ejaculates across species. The incongruence between theoretical and empirical results could be explained if (i) theoretical models fail to account for differences in overall resource levels between males exhibiting different ARTs or fundamental trade‐offs between investment into different ejaculate and sperm traits, and (ii) studies often use sperm or ejaculate traits that do not reflect overall post‐mating investment accurately or affect fertilisation success.
“Listen to us!” A qualitative study of adolescents with disabilities to help plan a transition service
Authors: Brandão Marina B. , Bueno Kátia M. P. , Silvério Ana Paula M. , Antunes Fernanda I. T. , Feitosa Aline M. , Figueiredo Priscilla R. P. , Mancini Marisa C. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe development and implementation of transition services for adolescents with disabilities should incorporate perceptions of their needs and interests. The aim of the study was to understand the concerns of adolescents with physical disabilities during adolescence and their expectations regarding adulthood to help plan a transition programme in Brazil.MethodsThis is a qualitative study, using a phenomenological approach. Eight adolescents with physical disabilities (seven with cerebral palsy, one with muscular dystrophy), aged between 15 and 17 years, participated in two focus groups. Prior to the conduction of the groups, clinicians selected topics related to adolescence and the transition to adulthood, based on their professional experience and available literature. During the focus groups, illustrative images of each topic were presented to the participants. Each adolescent was asked to select five topics that he/she considered important to be discussed in a future transition programme. The participants justified their individual choices and, in groups, reached a consensus on the groups' priorities. This strategy was chosen to motivate the discussion among the participants and to explore their concerns regarding adolescence and transition to adulthood. The focus groups were audio recorded and transcribed for content analysis.ResultsThree themes emerged from the content analysis: (1) “Adolescents and their social relationships,” (2) “Identity formation: self‐awareness and development of autonomy,” and (3) “What about adulthood?”ConclusionThe themes revealed conflicts between the adolescents' desire to achieve independence and autonomy and the awareness of their limitations. The interpretation of the results helped structuring the actions of the Adolescence in Focus Programme, with two main actions: promotion of the adolescent's functional performance in daily living activities and assistance with their identity formation and preparation for adulthood.
School belonging and hope among at‐risk youth: The contribution of academic support provided by youths' social support networks
Authors: Sulimani‐Aidan Yafit , Melkman Eran 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBased on resilience and hope theories (Snyder, 2000; Ungar & Theron, 2020), in the present study, we explored the contribution of academic support provided by family, school staff and mentors, as well as the contribution of family‐staff contact, to the hopefulness of 175 at‐risk youth (M = 17.67; SD = 0.63), who had indicated having a mentor, and how school belonging mediated these relations. Structural equation modelling revealed that academic support provided by mentors and school staff contributed to youths' hopeful thinking. Whereas the support provided by mentors had a direct effect on hope, staff support contributed indirectly via school belonging. The discussion highlights the importance of academic support provided via youths' social networks and sheds light on the role of school belonging in increasing youths' hopefulness. Implications for practice highlight the importance of strengthening youths' aspirations, motivation and knowledge regarding their future goals in school settings.