bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The peak-end rule and its dynamic realization through differential equations with maxima
*
Authors: Trofymchuk Olena , Liz Eduardo , Trofimchuk Sergei 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In the 1990s, after a series of experiments, the behavioural psychologist and economist Daniel Kahneman and his colleagues formulated the following peak-end evaluation rule: the remembered utility of pleasant or unpleasant episodes is accurately predicted by averaging the peak (most intense value) of instant utility (or disutility) recorded during an episode and the instant utility recorded near the end of the experience (Kahneman et al 1997 Q. J. Econ.
112 375–405). Based on this rule, we propose a mathematical model for the time evolution of the experienced utility function

u
=
u
(
t
)

given by the scalar differential equation

u
′
(
t
)
=
a
u
(
t
)
+
b
max
{
u
(
s
)
:
s
∈
[
t
−
h
,
t
]
}
+
f
(
t
)

(
*
)
,

where f represents exogenous stimuli, h is the maximal duration of the experience, and

a
,
b
∈

R

are some averaging weights. In this work, we study equation

(
∗
)

and show that, for a range of parameters

a
,
b
,
h

and a periodic sine-like term f, the dynamics of

(
∗
)

can be completely described in terms of an associated one-dimensional dynamical system generated by a piece-wise continuous map from a finite interval into itself. We illustrate our approach with two representative examples. In particular, we show that the utility u(t) (e.g. ‘happiness’, interpreted as hedonic utility) can exhibit chaotic behaviour.
One-time memory from isolated Majorana islands
Authors: Kundu Sourav , Reichardt Ben 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A one-time memory (OTM) stores two bits such that either bit can be retrieved, but not both. One-time memories have been shown to allow for secure classical and quantum computations. We propose a physical construction of this mathematical cryptographic primitive, based on isolated Majorana islands. Using classical error-correcting codes, obtained from a quantum code, the scheme can be made robust to errors. Further, the one bit out of two bit OTM construction generalizes to 1-out-of-

n

and

(
n
−
1
)

-out-of-

n

OTMs.
Polariton dynamics in one-dimensional arrays of atoms coupled to waveguides
Authors: Schrinski Björn , Sørensen Anders S 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Photons strongly coupled to material systems constitute a novel system for realizing non-linear optics at the level of individual photons and studying the dynamics of non-equilibrium quantum many-body system. We give a simple physical polariton-picture of the dynamics of photons coupled to a one-dimensional array of two-level atoms. This picture allows a fully analytical description of the dynamics in terms of polariton scattering inside the medium and reflections of the polaritons from the edge of the array. We show that inelastic collisions, previously identified in small systems, also occur in infinite systems and are related to the existence of multiple bands in the dispersion relation. The developed theory constitutes an effective field theory for the dynamics, which can be used for studies of non-linear optics and many-body dynamics. As a specific example we map the system to the Lieb–Liniger model and show that a so-called Tonks–Girardeau gas of photons is a stable eigenstate of the system in the limit of many emitters.
Development of novel flexible photodetectors based on 0.5PVA/0.5PVP/Fe:NiO nanocomposite system with enhanced optoelectronic properties
Authors: Ghabara Taoufik , Elhosiny Ali H , Kumar Ashwani , Ashraf I M , Shkir Mohd , Khairy Yasmin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Ordinary casting technique has been used to fabricate the intrinsic films of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) polymer blend matrix incorporated with dissimilar weight percent contents of Fe:NiO nanocomposite (NC). X-ray diffraction (XRD) and infrared (IR) spectroscopy has been implemented to analyze NC structure of these films. Significant interaction and tuning of PVA/PVP blend matrix due to Fe:NiO NC is detected. XRD pattern reflects the structural modification and partial crystalline nature of the pristine blend matrix. The corresponding peaks of Fourier transform IR identifies the vibrational group of the synthesized samples. Atomic force microscope images indicate that a change in the Fe:NiO concentration in a pristine blend leads to an increase in the roughness and clusters. Numerous optical factors such as E
g (transition band gap), refractive index (n), and E
ed (absorption edge) of pure blend and blend films with different concentrations of Fe:NiO were assessed via UV–Vis optical absorption spectra. As we increased the doping concentration in pristine blends, the value of E
g goes to decrease. The dispersion (E
d) and oscillator (E
o) energies were calculated from Wemple and Di. Domenico of a single oscillator. Although, optical susceptibilities and nonlinear refractive index were enhanced by doping with Fe:NiO NC. The change in doping content leads to modifications in the optical limiting. The photocurrent density–voltage properties of the present polymers were studied at different values of white light intensity. It was found that the photoconductivity of the PVA/PVP blend is 1.03275 × 10−8 (Ω cm)−1, while NC films varied in the range (1.03–10.6954) × 10−8 (Ω cm)−1 at 8600 lux. In addition, the photosensitivity increased from 13.82 to 24.08. The recombination process was found monomolecular process for pure and doped polymers. The present films assume the possibility of their uses in optical and photo-electric devices.
Determination of the material model parameters for high pressure densification induced glass inferred through analytical comparison and its ballistic performance as used in composite laminates
Authors: Thakur Nitin , Bharj Rabinder Singh , Kumar Pramod , Sharma Prince , Sharma Sumit , Bahl Shashi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The Drucker Prager material model, Ductile Damage and Mie-Gruneisen equation of state parameters for high-pressure densification induced glass were derived analytically in the current study by comparing them to the Johnson Holmquist-II (JH-2) model. These parameters were then utilized to simulate the ballistic impact behaviour of bullet-resistant glass in ABAQUS/Explicit and the results were compared to the simulation results using JH-2 model in ANSYS/Autodyn and the results were found in good agreement. Following that, their experimental equivalents were tested for validation prospective. The findings were then compared to conventional bullet-resistant glass. It was found that the new bullet-resistant glass fabricated from layers of high-pressure densification induced glass was superior in strength as compared to the conventional bullet-resistant glass.
Application of a Magnetic-field-induced Transition in Fe x to Solar and Stellar Coronal Magnetic Field Measurements
Authors: Chen Yajie , Li Wenxian , Tian Hui , Bai Xianyong , Hutton Roger , Brage Tomas 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Magnetic fields play a key role in driving a broad range of dynamic phenomena in the atmospheres of the Sun and other stars. Routine and accurate measurements of the magnetic fields at all the atmospheric layers are of critical importance to understand these magnetic activities, but in the solar and stellar coronae such a measurement is still a challenge due to the weak field strength and the high temperature. Recently, a magnetic-field-induced transition (MIT) of Fe x at 257.26 Å has been proposed for the magnetic field measurements in the solar and stellar coronae. In this review, we present an overview of recent progresses in the application of this method in astrophysics. We start by introducing the theory underlying the MIT method and reviewing the existing atomic data critical for the spectral modeling of Fe x lines. We also discuss the laboratory measurements that verify the potential capability of the MIT technique as a probe for diagnosing the plasma magnetic fields. We then continue by investigating the suitability and accuracy of solar and stellar coronal magnetic field measurements based on the MIT method through forward modeling. Furthermore, we discuss the application of the MIT method to the existing spectroscopic observations obtained by the Extreme-ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer onboard Hinode. This novel technique provides a possible way for routine measurements of the magnetic fields in the solar and stellar coronae, but still requires further efforts to improve its accuracy. Finally, the challenges and prospects for future research on this topic are discussed.
Erratum: Systematic uncertainties in integrated luminosity measurement at CEPC
Authors: Smiljanic I. , Bozovic Jelisavcic I. , Kacarevic G. , Vukasinovic N. , Vidakovic I. , Rekovic V. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The very forward region is one of the most challenging regions to instrument at a future
e+e− collider. At CEPC, machine-detector interface includes, among others, a calorimeter
dedicated for precision measurement of the integrated luminosity at a per mill level or
better. Here we review a feasibility of such precision, from the point of view of systematic
effects arising from luminometer mechanical precision and positioning, beam-related requirements
and physics background from two-photon processes. The impact of the beam energy spread and its
uncertainty on the integrated luminosity precision is also discussed, as well as the achievable
beam energy spread precision with the post-CDR CEPC beams.
Spring and latch dynamics can act as control pathways in ultrafast systems
Authors: Hyun N P , Olberding J P , De A , Divi S , Liang X , Thomas E , St. Pierre R , Steinhardt E , Jorge J , Longo S J , Cox S , Mendoza E , Sutton G P , Azizi E , Crosby A J , Bergbreiter S , Wood R J , Patek S N 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Ultrafast movements propelled by springs and released by latches are thought limited to energetic adjustments prior to movement, and seemingly cannot adjust once movement begins. Even so, across the tree of life, ultrafast organisms navigate dynamic environments and generate a range of movements, suggesting unrecognized capabilities for control. We develop a framework of control pathways leveraging the non-linear dynamics of spring-propelled, latch-released systems. We analytically model spring dynamics and develop reduced-parameter models of latch dynamics to quantify how they can be tuned internally or through changing external environments. Using Lagrangian mechanics, we test feedforward and feedback control implementation via spring and latch dynamics. We establish through empirically-informed modeling that ultrafast movement can be controllably varied during latch release and spring propulsion. A deeper understanding of the interconnection between multiple control pathways, and the tunability of each control pathway, in ultrafast biomechanical systems presented here has the potential to expand the capabilities of synthetic ultra-fast systems and provides a new framework to understand the behaviors of fast organisms subject to perturbations and environmental non-idealities.
Popcorn Drude weights from quantum symmetry
Authors: Ilievski E 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Integrable models provide emblematic examples of non-ergodic phenomena. One of their most distinguished properties are divergent zero-frequency conductivities signalled by finite Drude weights. Singular conductivities owe to long-lived quasiparticle excitations that propagate ballistically through the system without any diffraction. The case of the celebrated quantum Heisenberg chain, one of the best-studied many-body paradigms, turns out to be particularly mysterious. About a decade ago, it was found that the spin Drude weight in the critical phase of the model assumes an extraordinary, nowhere continuous, dependence on the anisotropy parameter in the shape of a ‘popcorn function’. This unprecedented discovery has been afterwards resolved at the level of the underlying deformed quantum symmetry algebra which helps explaining the erratic nature of the quasiparticle spectrum at commensurate values of interaction anisotropy. This work is devoted to the captivating phenomenon of discontinuous Drude weights, with the aim to give a broader perspective on the topic by revisiting and reconciling various perspectives from the previous studies. Moreover, it is argued that such an anomalous non-ergodic feature is not exclusive to the integrable spin chain but can be instead expected in a number of other integrable systems that arise from realizations of the quantum group

, specialized to unimodular values of the quantum deformation parameter q. Our discussion is framed in the context of gapless anisotropic quantum chains of higher spin and the sine-Gordon quantum field theory in two space-time dimensions.
Kidney Pathology of Tropical and Nontropical Infectious Diseases in the Pediatric Population
Authors: Williams Morgan , Reisler Jenna , James Tyler , Afrouzian Marjan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo review kidney pathology of tropical and nontropical infectious diseases in the pediatric population.MethodsWe review 4 tropical and 2 nontropical infectious diseases that affect the kidneys of children in terms of their direct and indirect pathogenetic mechanism in inducing kidney damage.ResultsWe demonstrate clinical manifestations, pathogenesis, kidney pathology, and laboratory diagnostic methods for (1) renal cryptococcosis, which represents involvement of a pure direct pathway; (2) schistosomiasis and dengue fever as examples of dual direct and indirect pathways; and (3) congenital syphilis, visceral leishmaniasis, and Chagas disease, which represent indirect pathways.ConclusionsInfective agents affect the kidneys of children mainly through indirect mechanisms, such as through immunological mechanisms as part of an antigenic response. A direct mechanism of kidney injury, however, is less known within the medical community simply because the direct mechanism is rarely encountered in nontropical countries. In some infectious diseases, both indirect and direct pathways are responsible in inducing 2 sets of morphologically separate kidney lesions.
The gradient in gray matter thickness across auditory cortex and differential cortical thickness changes following perinatal deafness
Authors: Gordon Stephen G , Butler Blake E , Lomber Stephen G 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn the absence of hearing during development, the brain adapts and repurposes what was destined to become auditory cortex. As cortical thickness is commonly used as a proxy to identify cortical regions that have undergone plastic changes, the purpose of this investigation was to compare cortical thickness patterns between hearing and deaf cats. In this study, normal hearing (n = 29) and deaf (n = 26) cats were scanned to examine cortical thickness in hearing controls, as well as differential changes in thickness as a consequence of deafness. In hearing cats, a gradient in cortical thickness was identified across auditory cortex in which it is thinner in more dorsal regions and thicker in more ventral regions. Compared with hearing controls, differential thickening and thinning was observed in specific regions of deaf auditory cortex. More dorsal regions were found to be bilaterally thicker in the deaf group, while more ventral regions in the left hemisphere were thinner. The location and nature of these changes creates a gradient along the dorsoventral axis, wherein dorsal auditory cortical fields are thicker, whereas more ventral fields are thinner in deaf animals compared with hearing controls.
A Phase 2A Trial of the Safety and Tolerability of Increased Dose Rifampicin and Adjunctive Linezolid, With or Without Aspirin, for Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Associated Tuberculous Meningitis: The LASER-TBM Trial
Authors: Davis Angharad G , Wasserman Sean , Stek Cari , Maxebengula Mpumi , Jason Liang C , Stegmann Stephani , Koekemoer Sonya , Jackson Amanda , Kadernani Yakub , Bremer Marise , Daroowala Remy , Aziz Saalikha , Goliath Rene , Lai Sai Louise , Sihoyiya Thandi , Denti Paolo , Lai Rachel P J , Crede Thomas , Naude Jonathan , Szymanski Patryk , Vallie Yakoob , Banderker Ismail Abbas , Moosa Muhammed S , Raubenheimer Peter , Candy Sally , Offiah Curtis , Wahl Gerda , Vorster Isak , Maartens Gary , Black John , Meintjes Graeme , Wilkinson Robert J 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundDrug regimens that include intensified antibiotics alongside effective anti-inflammatory therapies may improve outcomes in tuberculous meningitis (TBM). Safety data on their use in combination and in the context of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are needed to inform clinical trial design.MethodsWe conducted a phase 2, open-label, parallel-design, randomized, controlled trial to assess the safety of high-dose rifampicin, linezolid, and high-dose aspirin in HIV-associated TBM. Participants were randomized (1.4:1:1) to 3 treatment arms (1, standard of care [SOC]; 2, SOC + additional rifampicin [up to 35 mg/kg/d] + linezolid 1200 mg/d reducing after 28 days to 600 mg/d; 3, as per arm 2 + aspirin 1000 mg/d) for 56 days, when the primary outcome of adverse events of special interest (AESI) or death was assessed.ResultsA total of 52 participants with HIV-associated TBM were randomized; 59% had mild disease (British Medical Research Council (MRC) grade 1) vs 39% (grade 2) vs 2% (grade 3). AESI or death occurred in 10 of 16 (63%; arm 3) vs 4 of 14 (29%; arm 2) vs 6 of 20 (30%; arm 1; P = .083). The cumulative proportion of AESI or death (Kaplan–Meier) demonstrated worse outcomes in arm 3 vs arm 1 (P = .04); however, only 1 event in arm 3 was attributable to aspirin and was mild. There was no difference in efficacy (modified Rankin scale) between arms.ConclusionsHigh-dose rifampicin and adjunctive linezolid can safely be added to the standard of care in HIV-associated TBM. Larger studies are required to determine whether potential toxicity associated with these interventions, particularly high-dose aspirin, is outweighed by mortality or morbidity benefit.Clinical Trials RegistrationNCT03927313.
A case report of transcatheter repair of severe functional mitral regurgitation in cardiac amyloidosis
Authors: Fangmin Meng , Shaohua Lu , Lai Wei , Cuizhen Pan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
Transcatheter therapy has become an alternative for functional mitral regurgitation (FMR) in patients at high surgical risk. However, the intervention of FMR in cardiac amyloidosis (CA) with transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (TEER) is controversial due to the potential risk of left atrial pressure (LAP) elevation.

Case summary
An 83-year-old woman with repeated heart failure (HF) and severe mitral regurgitation (MR) was referred to our centre for TEER. Pre-procedural transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) confirmed the degree of MR and a functional aetiology. A peculiar LAP increase in this patient occurred immediately after successful TEER clip implantation and her n-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide significantly increased post-operatively. The diagnosis of CA was suspected and was subsequently established through endomyocardial biopsy. Aggressive anti-HF therapy was initiated and the patient was discharged after her HF symptoms were relieved. At 6-month follow-up, the patient was still alive and no episode of acute HF was experienced.

Discussion
Severe functional MR in CA treated with TEER has the potential risk of increasing LAP. During the short-term follow-up, TEER appears beneficial for left heart function (reduction of MR) but harmful for right heart function (increase of LAP). CA patients with severe FMR should be carefully evaluated about the benefits and potential harm of TEER intervention.
Characterizing primary care patients with posttraumatic stress disorder using electronic medical records: a retrospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Singer Alexander , Kosowan Leanne , Muthumuni Dhasni , Katz Alan , Zafari Hasan , Zulkernine Farhana , Richardson J Don , Price Morgan , Williamson Tyler , Queenan John , Sareen Jitender 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has significant morbidity and economic costs. This study describes the prevalence and characteristics of patients with PTSD using primary care electronic medical record (EMR) data.

Methods
This retrospective cross-sectional study used EMR data from the Canadian Primary Care Sentinel Surveillance Network (CPCSSN). This study included 1,574 primary care providers located in 7 Canadian provinces. There were 689,301 patients that visited a CPCSSN provider between 1 January 2017 and 31 December 2019. We describe associations between PTSD and patient characteristics using descriptive statistics, chi-square, and multiple logistic regression models.

Results
Among the 689,301 patients included, 8,817 (1.3%, 95% CI 1.2–1.3) had a diagnosis of PTSD. On multiple logistic regression analysis, patients with depression (OR 4.4, 95% CI 4.2–4.7, P &lt; 0.001), alcohol abuse/dependence (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.6–1.9, P &lt; 0.001), and/or drug abuse/dependence (OR 2.6, 95% CI 2.5–2.8, P &lt; 0.001) had significantly higher odds of PTSD compared with patients without those conditions. Patients residing in community areas considered the most material deprived (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.5–2.1, P &lt; 0.001) or the most socially deprived (OR 2.8, 95% CI 2.7–5.3, P &lt; 0.001) had higher odds of being diagnosed with PTSD compared with patients in the least deprived areas.

Conclusions
The prevalence of PTSD in Canadian primary care is 1.3% (95% CI 1.25–1.31). Using EMR records we confirmed the co-occurrence of PTSD with other mental health conditions within primary care settings suggesting benefit for improved screening and evidence-based resources to manage PTSD.
The rock fragmentation and crack propagation under TBM tunneling based on particle flow code
Authors: Lan Donghao , Deng Hongjian , Gao Yanan , Wang Yunlong , Zhang Guangkai 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe rock fragmentation and crack propagation of anisotropic rock induced by tunnel boring machine (TBM) tunneling is studied in this paper. First, a numerical model based on the 2D particle flow code (PFC2D) is established and calibrated to reveal the four stages of rock fragmentation. In Stage I (indentation depth 0–0.4 mm), the indentation force beneath the cutterhead increases and decreases dramatically with the accumulation and release of mechanical energy. Such a phenomenon indicates that a hydrostatic core (crushed zone) can be observed. In Stage II (indentation depth 0.4–1.1 mm), many median cracks propagate dramatically with the indentation force. Meanwhile, the hydrostatic core is pushed because the mechanical energy of the cutterhead is reaccumulated in the specimen. In Stage III (indentation depth 1.1–2.6 mm), lateral cracks begin to develop due to the further increase in indentation depth. In Stage IV (indentation depth 2.6–5 mm), the lateral cracks and median cracks continue to propagate, and rock chips can be found on the sides of the cutterhead. Then, with increasing confining pressure, lateral cracks begin to gradually develop and the maximum angle of lateral cracks is 70.5°. Furthermore, the magnitude of the intrusion velocity can seriously influence the evolution of the indentation force during Stages III and IV because of the accumulation and release of mechanical energy. The accumulation and release of mechanical energy are more obvious with a higher intrusion velocity of the cutterhead.