Strengthening health system’s capacity for pre-exposure Prophylaxis for adolescent girls and young women and adolescent boys and young men in South Africa (SHeS’Cap – PrEP): Protocol for a mixed methods study in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: Nicol Edward , Ramraj Trisha , Hlongwa Mbuzeleni , Basera Wisdom , Jama Ngcwalisa , Lombard Carl , McClinton-Appollis Tracy , Govindasamy Darshini , Pass Desiree , Funani Noluntu , Aheron Sarah , Paredes-Vincent Ariana , Drummond Jennifer , Cheyip Mireille , Dladla Sibongile , Bedford Jason , Mathews Cathy 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionPre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an effective prevention intervention that can be used to control HIV incidence especially among people who are at increased risk for HIV such as adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) and adolescent boys and young men (ABYM). In South Africa, various approaches of delivering PrEP have been adopted at different service delivery points (facility-based only, school-based only, community-based only and hybrid school-facility and community-facility models) to overcome challenges associated with individual, structural, and health systems related barriers that may hinder access to and uptake of PrEP among these populations. However, little is known about how to optimize PrEP implementation and operational strategies to achieve high sustained uptake of good quality services for AGYW and ABYM. This study aims to identify effective and feasible PrEP models of care for improving PrEP uptake, continuation, and adherence among AGYW and ABYM.Methods and analysisA sequential explanatory mixed-methods study will be conducted in 22 service delivery points (SDPs) in uMgungundlovu district, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. We will recruit 600 HIV negative, sexually active, high risk, AGYW (aged 15-24 years) and ABYM (aged 15-35 years). Enrolled participants will be followed up at 1-, 4- and 7-months to determine continuation and adherence to PrEP. We will conduct two focus group discussions (with 8 participants in each group) across four groups (i. Initiated PrEP within 1 month, ii. Did not initiate PrEP within 1 month, iii. Continued PrEP at 4/7 months and iv. Did not continue PrEP at 4/7 months) and 48 in-depth interviews from each of the four groups (12 per group). Twelve key informant interviews with stakeholders working in HIV programs will also be conducted. Associations between demographic characteristics stratified by PrEP initiation and by various service-delivery models will be assessed using Chi-square/Fishers exact tests or t-test/Mann Whitney test. A general inductive approach will be used to analyze the qualitative data.Ethics and disseminationThe protocol was approved by the South African Medical Research Council Health Research Ethics Committee (EC051-11/2020). This project was reviewed by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Atlanta, GA), Centers for Global Health Associate Director for Science in accordance with CDC human research protection procedures and was determined to be research, but CDC investigators did not interact with human subjects or have access to identifiable data or specimens for research purposes. Provincial and district level approval has been granted. Findings from the study will be communicated to the study population and results will be presented to stakeholders and at appropriate local and international conferences. Outputs will also include a policy brief, peer-reviewed journal articles and research capacity building through research degrees.