bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Problems, assumptions and solutions in locomotive design, traction and operational studies
Authors: Spiryagin Maksym , Wu Qing , Polach Oldrich , Thorburn John , Chua Wenhsi , Spiryagin Valentyn , Stichel Sebastian , Shrestha Sundar , Bernal Esteban , Ahmad Sanjar , Cole Colin , McSweeney Tim 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLocomotive design is a highly complex task that requires the use of systems engineering that depends upon knowledge from a range of disciplines and is strongly oriented on how to design and manage complex systems that operate under a wide range of different train operational conditions on various types of tracks. Considering that field investigation programs for locomotive operational scenarios involve high costs and cause disruption of train operations on real railway networks and given recent developments in the rollingstock compliance standards in Australia and overseas that allow the assessment of some aspects of rail vehicle behaviour through computer simulations, a great number of multidisciplinary research studies have been performed and these can contribute to further improvement of a locomotive design technique by increasing the amount of computer-based studies. This paper was focused on the presentation of the all-important key components required for locomotive studies, starting from developing a realistic locomotive design model, its validation and further applications for train studies. The integration of all engineering disciplines is achieved by means of advanced simulation approaches that can incorporate existing AC and DC locomotive designs, hybrid locomotive designs, full locomotive traction system models, rail friction processes, the application of simplified and exact wheel-rail contact theories, wheel-rail wear and rolling contact fatigue, train dynamic behaviour and in-train forces, comprehensive track infrastructure details, and the use of co-simulation and parallel computing. The co-simulation and parallel computing approaches that have been implemented on Central Queensland University’s High-Performance Computing cluster for locomotive studies will be presented. The confidence in these approaches is based on specific validation procedures that include a locomotive model acceptance procedure and field test data. The problems and limitations presented in locomotive traction studies in the way they are conducted at the present time are summarised and discussed.
Railway ground vibration and mitigation measures: benchmarking of best practices
Authors: Ouakka Slimane , Verlinden Olivier , Kouroussis Georges 
Published: January 2022

AbstractVibration and noise aspects play a relevant role in the lifetime and comfort of urban areas and their residents. Among the different sources, the one coming from the rail transit system will play a central concern in the following years due to its sustainability. Ground-borne vibration and noise assessment as well as techniques to mitigate them become key elements of the environmental impact and the global enlargement planned for the railway industry. This paper aims to describe and compare the different mitigation systems existing and reported in literature through a comprehensive state of the art analysis providing the performance of each measure. First, an introduction to the ground-borne vibration and noise generated from the wheel-rail contact and its propagation through the transmission path is presented. Then, the impact and the different ways of evaluating and assessing these effects are presented, and the insertion loss indicator is introduced. Next, the different mitigation measures at different levels (vehicle, track, transmission path and receiver) are discussed by describing their possible application and their efficiency in terms of insertion loss. Finally, a summary with inputs of how it is possible to address the future of mitigation systems is reported.
Diagnostic Evaluation of the Posterior Fossa with Antenatal and Post-Mortem MRI: An Unfolded View
Authors: Gupta Neetika , Martinez-Rios Claudia , El Demellawy Dina , Barrowman Nick , Miller Elka 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe role of post-mortem fetal conventional autopsy (CA) is undisputed but poses challenges with small, macerated bodies, and increasing parental refusal. Fetal post-mortem magnetic resonance imaging (PMMRI) is a less invasive alternative that can be used for assessment of the brain, including the posterior fossa (PF) structures. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the imaging characteristics of the PF in PMMRI compared to antenatal MRI (ANMRI), using CA as the gold standard. A retrospective, single-center study of ten fetuses who underwent ANMRI, PMMRI, and CA from August 2010 to May 2018. The PF structures were evaluated qualitatively for imaging findings, and quantitatively by obtaining the transcerebellar diameter, vermian length, brainstem thickness, width of the fourth ventricle and cisterna magna, skull base angles, and PF volume. Twenty MRI exams were included. The median gestational age of ANMRI was 21.7 weeks. The median age at termination of pregnancy (TOP) and PMMRI was 23.7 weeks. There was good congruence between PMMRI, ANMRI, and CA, with 60% complete congruence and 40% partial congruence between ANMRI and PMMRI. PMMRI and CA showed 70% complete congruence, and 20% partial congruence. No incongruence was noted. PF evaluation on CA was not possible in 1 case due to maceration. Quantitative evaluation in PMMRI showed significant enlargement of most PF structures compared to ANMRI and smaller CSF-filled spaces (p value < 0.05). PMMRI is an acceptable imaging modality for the macroscopic evaluation of PF structures. Smaller CSF-filled spaces and enlargement of the brain are expected findings when evaluating PMMRI.
Implementation of Client-Centered Care Coordination for HIV Prevention with Black Men Who Have Sex with Men: Activities, Personnel Costs, and Outcomes—HPTN 073
Authors: Whitfield Darren L. , Nelson LaRon E. , Komárek Arnošt , Turner DeAnne , Ni Zhao , Boyd Donte T. , Taggart Tamara , Ramos S. Raquel , Wilton Leo , Beauchamp Geetha G. , Hightow-Weidman Lisa , Shoptaw Steven J. , Magnus Manya , Mayer Kenneth H. , Fields Sheldon D. , Wheeler Darrell P. ,   for the H. I. V. Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) 073 Study Team
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
Black men who have sex with men (MSM) experience disproportionate rates of HIV infection in the USA, despite being no more likely to engage in sexual risk behaviors than other MSM racial/ethnic groups. HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has been shown to reduce risk of HIV acquisition; however, rates of PrEP use among Black MSM remain low. Clinical, psychosocial, and structural factors have been shown to impact PrEP use and adherence among Black MSM. Care coordination of HIV prevention services has the potential to improve PrEP use and adherence for Black MSM, as it has been shown to improve HIV-related care outcomes among people living with HIV.

Methods
Client-centered care coordination (C4) is a multi-level intervention designed to address clinical, psychosocial, and structural barriers to HIV prevention services for Black MSM within HPTN 073, a PrEP demonstration project among Black MSM in three cities in the USA. The current study examined the implementation process of C4, specifically investigating the activities, cost, time, and outcomes associated with the C4 intervention.

Results
On average, participants engaged in five care coordination encounters. The vast majority of care coordination activities were conducted by counselors, averaging 30 min per encounter. The cost of care coordination was relatively low with a mean cost of $8.70 per client encounter.

Conclusion
Although client-centered care coordination was initially implemented in well-resourced communities with robust HIV research and service infrastructure, our findings suggest that C4 can be successfully implemented in resource constrained communities.
External validation of prognostic models for chronic kidney disease among type 2 diabetes
Authors: Saputro Sigit Ari , Pattanateepapon Anuchate , Pattanaprateep Oraluck , Aekplakorn Wichai , McKay Gareth J. , Attia John , Thakkinstian Ammarin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Various prognostic models have been derived to predict chronic kidney disease (CKD) development in type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, their generalisability and predictive performance in different populations remain largely unvalidated. This study aimed to externally validate several prognostic models of CKD in a T2D Thai cohort.

Methods
A nationwide survey was linked with hospital databases to create a prospective cohort of patients with diabetes (n = 3416). We undertook a systematic review to identify prognostic models and traditional metrics (i.e., discrimination and calibration) to compare model performance for CKD prediction. We updated prognostic models by including additional clinical parameters to optimise model performance in the Thai setting.

Results
Six relevant previously published models were identified. At baseline, C-statistics ranged from 0.585 (0.565–0.605) to 0.786 (0.765–0.806) for CKD and 0.657 (0.610–0.703) to 0.760 (0.705–0.816) for end-stage renal disease (ESRD). All original CKD models showed fair calibration with Observed/Expected (O/E) ratios ranging from 0.999 (0.975–1.024) to 1.009 (0.929–1.090). Hosmer–Lemeshow tests indicated a good fit for all models. The addition of routine clinical factors (i.e., glucose level and oral diabetes medications) enhanced model prediction by improved C-statistics of Low’s of 0.114 for CKD and Elley’s of 0.025 for ESRD.

Conclusions
All models showed moderate discrimination and fair calibration. Updating models to include routine clinical factors substantially enhanced their accuracy. Low’s (developed in Singapore) and Elley’s model (developed in New Zealand), outperformed the other models evaluated. These models can assist clinicians to improve the risk-stratification of diabetic patients for CKD and/or ESRD in the regions settings are similar to Thailand.

Graphical abstract
Non-accidental Trauma in Infants: a Review of Evidence-Based Strategies for Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention
Authors: Delaplain Patrick T. , Guner Yigit S. , Rood Corey J. , Nahmias Jeffry 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose of Review
To provide a resource for providers that may be involved in the diagnosis and management of infant non-accidental trauma (NAT).

Recent Findings
Infants are more likely to both suffer from physical abuse and die from their subsequent injuries. There are missed opportunities among providers for recognizing sentinel injuries. Minority children are overrepresented in the reporting of child maltreatment, and there is systemic bias in the evaluation and treatment of minority victims of child abuse.

Summary
Unfortunately, no single, primary preventative intervention has been conclusively shown to reduce the incidence of child maltreatment. Standardized algorithms for NAT screening have been shown to increase the bias-free utilization of NAT evaluations. Every healthcare provider that interacts with children has a responsibility to recognize warning signs of NAT, be able to initiate the evaluation for suspected NAT, and understand their role as a mandatory reporter.
Urologische Facharztausbildung – Gegenwart und Zukunft
Authors: Graf Sebastian , Otto Dominik 
Published: January 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Urologie als kleines, innovatives Fachgebiet durchläuft manche Entwicklungen, bevor diese auf die gesamte Medizin übergehen. Wie auch die gesamte Medizin ist die Urologie einer konstanten Veränderung und Neuerfindung unterworfen. Zum intrinsischen Veränderungsantrieb gesellen sich in letzter Zeit auch verstärkt epidemiologische, politische und auch allgemein gesellschaftliche Faktoren. Eine immanente Bühne für diese Entwicklung ist die Facharztausbildung. Dort ragen aber die Anforderungen und die Praxis immer weiter auseinander, wie rezente Erhebungen unter Assistenzärztinnen und Assistenzärzten zeigen.Anpassungen an diese neuen Gegebenheiten sind also notwendig, ebenso wie belastbare Zukunftsaussichten. Diese werden nicht von selbst geschehen, doch glücklicherweise lassen sich schon heute wichtige Weichenstellungen erkennen.
Natural Fibre Insulation Materials: Use of Textile and Agri-food Waste in a Circular Economy Perspective
Authors: Savio Lorenzo , Pennacchio Roberto , Patrucco Alessia , Manni Valentino , Bosia Daniela 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFibrous materials are among those most used for the thermal and acoustic insulation of building envelopes and are also suitable for a wide range of applications. In building construction, the demand for products with low environmental impact — in line with the Green Deal challenge of the European Community — is growing, but the building market is still mostly oriented towards traditional products, missing the many opportunities for using waste materials from existing industrial production. The paper presents the experimental results of new thermal and acoustic insulation products for building construction and interior design, based on previous experiences of the research group. They are produced entirely using waste sheep’s wool as a “matrix” and other waste fibres as “fillers”. The materials proposed originate from textile and agri-industrial chains in the Piedmont region and have no uses other than waste-to-heat biomass. The panels have characteristics of rigidity, workability, and thermal conductivity that make them suitable for building envelope insulation.
Robotic Systems in Radiotherapy and Radiosurgery
Authors: Gerlach Stefan , Schlaefer Alexander 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Purpose of Review
This review provides an overview of robotic systems in radiotherapy and radiosurgery, with a focus on medical devices and recently proposed research systems. We summarize the key motivation for using robotic systems and illustrate the potential advantages.

Recent Findings.
Robotic systems have been proposed for a variety of tasks in radiotherapy, including the positioning of beam source, patients, and imaging devices. A number of systems are cleared for use in patients, and some are widely used, particularly for beam and patient positioning.

Summary
The need for precise and safe delivery of focused high doses to the target region motivates the use of robots in radiotherapy. Flexibility in the arrangement of beams and the ability to compensate for target motion are key advantages of robotic systems. While robotic patient couches are widely used and robotic beam positioning is well established, brachytherapy robots are mostly considered in a research context.
Management and Outcomes of Bilateral Acetabular Fractures: A Critical Review of the Literature
Authors: Mousafeiris Vasileios K. , Vasilopoulou Anastasia , Chloros George D. , Panteli Michalis , Giannoudis Peter V. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Bilateral acetabular fractures constitute a rare entity, and their optimal management is unknown.

Materials and Methods
A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library between 1995 and 2020. Inclusion criteria were studies presenting cases of bilateral acetabular fractures and reporting outcomes. Extracted data included patient demographics, injury mechanism, fracture classification, associated injuries, management and outcomes.

Results
Thirty-seven studies (47 cases; 35 males vs 12 females) were included. Mean age was 46 years old (range 13–84) and mean follow-up was 19.8 months (range 1.5–56). High-energy injuries (49%) and seizures (45%) were the most common injury mechanisms. Fracture type distribution differed according to injury mechanism. Treatment was surgical in 70% of cases (75% open reduction and internal fixation vs 25% acute total hip arthroplasty). Outcomes were excellent/good in 58% of patients. Complications included heterotopic ossification (11%), nerve injury (11%), degenerative arthritis (6%), DVT (6%), and infection (3%).

Conclusions
Bilateral acetabular fractures most commonly occur either after trauma or seizures and are commonly managed operatively. They are not devoid of complications, however, more than half (58%) achieve complete functional recovery.
Ipidacrine (Axamon), A Reversible Cholinesterase Inhibitor, Improves Erectile Function in Male Rats With Diabetes Mellitus-Induced Erectile Dysfunction
Authors: Bykov Vladimir , Gushchina Evgenia , Morozov Sergey , Zhuravskaya Natalia , Kryshen Kirill , Makarov Valery , Matichin Aleksandr , Zueva Alena 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTSBackgroundManagement of diabetes mellitus-induced erectile dysfunction (DMED) is challenging because of its insufficient responses to phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors.AimTo compare the effects of ipidacrine, a reversible cholinesterase inhibitor, and sildenafil on DMED in a rat model of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes.MethodsErectile dysfunction (ED) caused by STZ-induced diabetes mellitus was modeled in adult male Wistar rats, which were randomized to 4 groups: untreated diabetic rats, sildenafil (5 mg/kg), ipidacrine (3.6 mg/kg) and ipidacrine (6.7 mg/kg). The test drug (ipidacrine), comparator (sildenafil) or control substance (1% starch solution) were administered orally for 5 days or 14 days. Erectile function was assessed by the change in the maximum intracavernous pressure (ICPmax) following cavernous nerve electrical stimulation. The mean arterial pressure (MAP) was recorded, and the ICPmax/MAP ratio was calculated. Sexual behavior, cholinesterase activity and blood testosterone level tests assessed.Main Outcome MeasureThe quantitative value of ICPmax/MAP 14 days after the start of administration of the test drug and the comparison drug.ResultsAnimals with STZ-induced diabetes mellitus showed a significant decrease in ICPmax and ICPmax/MAP ratio compared to the intact control group. When ipidacrine was administered to rats with DMED for 14 days, an increase in these indicators was noted. It was proved that ipidacrine at a dose of 6.7 mg/kg has noninferiority compared to sildenafil on the DMED model. Significant increase in ICPmax compared to STZ-control after electrostimulation of the cavernous nerve was recorded following administration of ipidacrine at a dose of 6.7 mg/kg (P &lt; .05) and sildenafil at a dose 5 mg/kg (P &lt; .05). Neither the test drug, nor the comparator were associated with increase in testosterone levels in blood; as well both drugs did not promote activation of sexual behavior.Clinical ImplicationsIpidacrine may be considered as an effective therapy for DMED but needs to be verified in human investigations.Strengths & LimitationsThe role of ipidacrine, was firstly demonstrated in rats with DMED. However, the results were obtained in animal experiments, and will be further tested in the study of receptor interactions and the determination of cellular targets.ConclusionThis is the first study to show that administration of ipidacrine, the reversible cholinesterase inhibitor, improved erectile function in diabetic rats and these results may be beneficial in further studies using ipidacrine for treatment of DMED, particularly in non-responders to PDE5 inhibitors.
Quantitative Proteomics Using Isobaric Labeling: A Practical Guide
Authors: Chen Xiulan , Sun Yaping , Zhang Tingting , Shu Lian , Roepstorff Peter , Yang Fuquan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In the past decade, relative proteomic quantification using isobaric labeling technology has developed into a key tool for comparing the expression of proteins in biological samples. Although its multiplexing capacity and flexibility make this a valuable technology for addressing various biological questions, its quantitative accuracy and precision still pose significant challenges to the reliability of its quantification results. Here, we give a detailed overview of the different kinds of isobaric mass tags and the advantages and disadvantages of the isobaric labeling method. We also discuss which precautions should be taken at each step of the isobaric labeling workflow, to obtain reliable quantification results in large-scale quantitative proteomics experiments. In the last section, we discuss the broad applications of the isobaric labeling technology in biological and clinical studies, with an emphasis on thermal proteome profiling and proteogenomics.
A Sampling‐Based Path Planning Algorithm for Improving Observations in Tropical Cyclones
Authors: Darko Justice , Folsom Larkin , Park Hyoshin , Minamide Masashi , Ono Masahiro , Su Hui 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLack of high‐resolution observations in the inner‐core of tropical cyclones remains a key issue when constructing an accurate initial state of the storm structure. The major implication of an improper initial state is the poor predictability of the future state of the storm. The size and associated hazard from strong winds at the inner‐core make it impossible to sample this region entirely. However, targeting regions of the inner‐core where forecasted atmospheric measurements have high uncertainty can significantly improve the accuracy of measurements for the initial state of the storm. This study provides a scheme for targeted high‐resolution observations for small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (sUAS) platforms (e.g., Coyote sUAS) to improve the estimates of the atmospheric measurement in the inner‐core structure. The benefit of observation is calculated based on the high‐fidelity state‐of‐the‐art hurricane ensemble data assimilation system. Potential locations with the most informative measurements are identified through exploration of various simulation‐based solutions depending on the state variables (e.g., pressure, temperature, wind speed, relative humidity) and a combined representation of those variables. A sampling‐based sUAS path planning algorithm considers energy usage when locating the regions of highly uncertain prediction of measurements, allowing sUAS to maximize the benefit of observation. Robustness analysis of our algorithm for multiple scenarios of sUAS drop and goal locations shows satisfactory performance against benchmark similar to current NOAA field campaign. With optimized sUAS observations, a data assimilation analysis shows significant improvements of up to 4% in the tropical cyclone structure estimates after resolving uncertainties at targeted locations.