bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fluctuating magnetic droplets immersed in a sea of quantum spin liquid
Authors: Zhu Zihao , Pan Binglin , Nie Linpeng , Ni Jiamin , Yang Yanxing , Chen Changsheng , Huang Yeyu , Cheng Erjian , Yu Yunjie , Hillier Adrian , Chen Xianhui , Wu Tao , Zhou Yi , Li Shiyan , Shu Lei 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The search of quantum spin liquid (QSL), an exotic magnetic state with strongly-fluctuating and highly-entangled spins down to zero temperature, is a main theme in current condensed matter physics. However, there is no smoking-gun evidence for deconfined spinons in any QSL candidate so far. The disorders and competing exchange interactions may prevent the formation of an ideal QSL state on frustrated spin lattices. Here we report comprehensive and systematic measurements of the magnetic susceptibility, ultra-low temperature specific heat, muon spin relaxation (muSR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and thermal conductivity for NaYbSe2 single crystals, in which Yb3+ ions with effective spin-1/2 form a perfect triangular lattice. All these complementary techniques find no evidence of long-range magnetic order down to their respective base temperatures. Instead, specific heat, muSR and NMR measurements suggest the coexistence of quasi-static and dynamic spins in NaYbSe2. The scattering from these quasi-static spins may cause the absence of magnetic thermal conductivity. Thus, we propose a scenario of fluctuating ferrimagnetic droplets immersed in a sea of QSL. This may be quite common on the way pursuing an ideal QSL, and provides a brand-new platform to study how a QSL state survives impurities and coexists with other magnetically ordered states.
Application of Theories of The Policy Process In Sustainable Diet Research: A Systematic Review
Authors: Green Celia , Carey Gemma , Joyce Andrew 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Application of theories of the policy process are needed to help explain the dynamics of policy status and change. Methods: A systematic review of application of theories of the policy process to sustainable diet research was conducted.Results: The review identified that 296 papers presented ideas for sustainable diet policy but only 17 provided coverage of the process by which such policies could become enacted. The majority of papers in the field of sustainable diets were diet modelling studies which used quantitative methods to analyse the metrics of different diets. Many of these papers also included policy recommendations but these were made without any insights into the policy process. Studies which did include policy discussion were largely focused on the evaluation of past policies or analysis of potential policy options rather than focused on the policy process itself. Seventeen papers included discussion of some key influences on policy making that are routinely included as elements within theories of the policy process but did not specifically name or utilise a political science theory of the policy process. Most notably these elements were the influence of coalitions/networks, evidence use, narratives and framing, institutional and political system factors, and the importance of value and belief systems and socio-cultural norms.Conclusions: There is a significant research gap in the application of political science theories of the policy process to sustainable diet research. Given the lack of policy action in the area on a global scale there is an urgent need for more research applying robust policy process theories to help understand and explain the lack of action and suggest possible ways to increase attention and action on the issue from decision makers.
Effect of Gymnema Sylvestre Leaf Extract on Neurotoxicity Caused by Cisplatin in Male Albino Rats
Authors: Ibrahim Doaa S. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Gymnema sylvestre (G. sylvestre), commonly known as gurmar, is famous for containing bioactive compounds which made it eligible for use as a medicinal plant. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the potential of G. sylvestre leaf extract in improving the neurotoxic effect of cisplatin (CP). Five groups of rats (6 rats each) were divided into the control group, the gurmar group (administrated orally 100 mg/kg bw), the CP group (received a single intraperitoneal injection of 5 mg/kg bw), the CP + gurmar group, and the gurmar + CP group. After 12 days (the experiment period), the brains of rats were removed and stored to evaluate biochemical parameters. CP injection led to elevated levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and apoptosis (caspases 8, 9, and12) and decreasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes (catalase and superoxide dismutase ) and neurotrophins (nerve growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor) levels in brains of rats. On the other hand, administration of G. sylvestre leaf extract decreased MDA, NF-κB, TNF-α, and apoptosis levels and increased antioxidant enzymes activities and neurotrophins levels in the brains of rats injected by CP. This study demonstrated the ability of G. sylvestre leaf extract to counteract the neurotoxicity induced by CP through the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic activities shown by G. sylvestre leaf extract.
The Toxicity and Effecting Mechanism of Huan Nao Yi Cong Decoction: A Lipidomics Approach
Authors: Liang Xiaodong , Bian Yuejuan , Wang Xiaoxin , Zhang Shiming , Wang Zhiyong , Ma Lina , Li Yuling , Li Hao 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Huan Nao Yi Cong decoction (HYD) is a compound Chinese medicine with clinical application in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD), by delaying its pathological progress.This work aimed to test whether HYD affects lipid metabolism by regulating the expression of metabolic enzymes, delaying the pathological process of AD and preventing hepatic damage caused by Polygonum multiflorum Radix Preparata (PMRP). Methods: The main components in HYD were determined by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). Double transgenic APP/PS1 mice were administrated intragastric for 24w. At 8w, 16w, 24w, the hepatic injury and pathological changes in hippocampal C1 area of APP/PS1 double transgenic mice were investigated by assessment of serum biochemical parameters, histopathology and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase UTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) methods. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography in the form of Quanfirmation-Exactive Mass Spectrometry/Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-Q-Exactive MS/MS) was used to study changes in lipid metabolism in hepatic and brain tissues. Metabolic enzyme expression was assayed using immunohistochemistry, real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot. Results: Both Polygonum multiflorum Radix (PMR) and PMRP induced hepatic damage 8 weeks after administration. In contrast, HYD showed reduced hepatic injury as it regulated 31 hepatic injury-related biomarkers associated with phospholipid and sphingolipid metabolic pathways by tuning the expression of acid phospholipase A2 (cPLA2), phosphatidylphosphatase (PAP), and diacylglyceride acyltransferase2 (DGAT2). HYD also affected the expression of 32 AD biomarkers related to phospholipids and sphingomyelin metabolic pathways by regulating the expression of phospholipase D2 (PLD2), choline ethanolamine phosphotransferase (CEPT1), sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase1 (SMPD1), thereby improving the brain tissue pathological changes. Conclusion: Our research not only used lipidomics to analyze the toxicity-inducing mechanism of PMR and PMRP, but also showed that HYD administration in vivo alleviated hepatic damage compared to using PMR and PMRP alone and can improve the behavioral and pathological features of AD mice.
Trends in Groundwater Research Development in the South and Southeast Asian Countries: A 50-Years Bibliometric Analysis (1970-2020)
Authors: Gupta Meeta , Chinnasamy Pennan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Groundwater plays a pivotal role in sustaining the water needs of the population of South and Southeast Asia. However, long-term over-exploitation and unsustainable practices have caused groundwater depletion, and deterioration in many parts of the region, further impacting human health and ecosystem services. Thus, understanding the current groundwater research activities and identifying the issues is crucial for improving future studies. This study conducted a bibliometric analysis to evaluate the groundwater-related literature available for South and Southeast Asia from the Scopus database for the last 50 years (1970-2020). Of the total, this study identified 7,895 documents, representing 13% of the total global research productivity. India was the most productive country, followed by Pakistan and Malaysia. National Geophysical Research Institute, Anna University and Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur were the top three institutions with the highest number of groundwater-related publications. In international research collaboration, the United States and Japan were the two most collaborated countries with the South and Southeast Asian countries. Environmental Science, Earth and Planetary Sciences and Agricultural and Biological Sciences were the top three disciplines. The Environmental Earth Sciences journal published the highest number of groundwater-related publications in the study period. Research topic trends were observed through keyword analysis revealing increased outputs for groundwater quality, availability and suitability, recharge, and management. Our results provide valuable insights on groundwater issues that have received the most attention in South and Southeast Asia and identify the potential research topics and opportunities for researchers working in the groundwater domain.
Apolipoprotein L1 is Increased in Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration Post-mortem Brain but Not in Ante-mortem Cerebrospinal Fluid
Authors: Hok-A-Hin Yanaika Sylvana , Dijkstra Anke A , Rábano Alberto , Hoozemans Jeroen J , Castillo Lucia , Seelaar Harro , Swieten John C van , Pijnenburg Yolanda A.L. , Teunissen Charlotte E , Campo Marta Del 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background: Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD) is a spectrum of heterogeneous disorders caused by frontal-temporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). FTLD is mainly characterized by brain protein aggregates of tau (FTLD-Tau) or TDP-43 (FTLD-TDP), however, the clinicopathological heterogeneity across the FTLD spectrum makes ante-mortem diagnosis of these pathological subtypes challenging. Our unbiased proteomics study showed increased Apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) levels, a protein involved in lipid metabolism and transport, in CSF of FTD patients, which was more prominent in FTLD-Tau. We aimed to understand APOL1 expression in FTLD post-mortem brain tissue with defined pathology and to validate its potential as a CSF biomarker for FTD and its pathological subtypes.Methods: APOL1 levels were analyzed in the frontal cortex of FTLD (n = 62, including 23 FTLD-Tau and 29 FTLD-TDP) and non-demented controls (n = 18) by immunohistochemistry, western blot (WB), and a novel prototype ELISA. The association of APOL1 immunoreactivity with phosphorylated Tau (pTau) and TDP-43 (pTDP43) immunoreactivity was assessed. CSF APOL1 was analyzed in confirmed FTD patients (n = 27, including 12 FTLD-Tau and 15 FTLD-TDP) and controls (n = 15) using the same ELISA.Results: APOL1 levels were significantly increased in FTLD compared to controls as measured by immunohistochemistry (p < 0.001), WB (p < 0.001), and ELISA (p < 0.05), but no differences between the pathological subtypes were observed. APOL1 immunoreactivity was present in neuronal and glial cells. APOL1 immunoreactivity did not specifically co-localize with any of the main FTLD proteinopathies (pTau or pTDP43). CSF APOL1 levels were comparable between FTD patients and controls and between FTLD pathological subtypes. Conclusion: We show an upregulation of APOL1 in FTLD pathology irrespective of the subtypes, indicating a role of this novel protein in FTD pathophysiology. The APOL1 levels detected in brain tissue were not mirrored in the CSF, limiting its potential as a specific FTD biofluid-based biomarker using our current in-house immunoassay. Future research should explore the role of APOL1 downstream specific FTLD pathologies.
Ultrafast Interfacial Carrier Dynamics and Persistent Topological Surface States in VSe2/Bi2Se3 Van Der Waals Heterojunctions
Authors: Park Tae Gwan , Jeon Jae Ho , Chun Seung-Hyun , Lee Sunghun , Rotermund Fabian 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Vanadium diselenide (VSe2) has recently been highlighted as an efficient 2D electrode owing to its extra-high conductivity, thickness-controllability, and van der Waals epitaxial contact. However, as the electrode, applications of VSe2 to various material systems are still lacking. Here, by employing ultrafast time-resolved spectroscopy, we study VSe2-thickness-dependent interfacial effects in heterostructures with topological insulator Bi2Se3 that is severely affected by contact with conventional 3D electrodes. Our results particularily show unaltered Dirac surface state of Bi2Se3 against forming junctions with VSe2, efficient ultrafast hot electron transfer from VSe2 to Bi2Se3 across the interface, significantly shortened metastable carrier lifetimes in Bi2Se3 due to dipole interactions enabling efficient current flow, and the electronic level shift (~tens meV) of bulk states of Bi2Se3 caused by interfacial interactions, which is ~10 times lower compared to conventional 3D electrodes, implying weak Fermi level pinning. Our observations confirm VSe2 as an ideal electrode for efficient Bi2Se3-based-applications with full utilization of topological insulator characteristics.
Shared mobility may limit vehicle lifetimes – implications for the carbon footprint
Authors: Morfeldt Johannes , Johansson Daniel 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Car sharing and ride sharing will likely increase the annual vehicle driving distance, which in turn may accelerate passenger car retirement. In this study, we develop a semi-empirical lifetime-driving intensity model. We integrate our model with a carbon footprint estimation model, which assesses future decarbonization of global, European, and Swedish energy systems. We calibrate the lifetime-driving intensity model using Swedish vehicle retirement statistics, which suggest that driving intensity strongly impacts vehicle lifetimes. Our combined model shows that use-phase emissions depend on driving intensity, while manufacturing emissions are distributed over the cumulative driving distance. Hence, the carbon footprint depends on both the calendar age and cumulative driving distance of the vehicle. The results of our study also show that higher driving intensities generally result in lower carbon footprints. However, empty travel by shared autonomous vehicles, i.e., the additional distance traveled to pick up passengers, may cause carbon footprints to increase.
Suicide Decline and Improved Psychiatric Treatment Status: Longitudinal Survey of Suicides and Serious Suicide Attempters in Tokyo
Authors: Otaka Yasushi , Arakawa Ryosuke , Narishige Ryuichiro , Okubo Yoshiro , Tateno Amane 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background:Connecting individuals who need psychiatric treatment to adequate medical services has been a major strategy for suicide prevention in Japan. Investigating serious suicide attempters admitted to our Critical Care Medical Center (CCM), we aimed to investigate longitudinal changes of psychiatric treatment status in high-risk suicide individuals, and to explore the association between improvement of psychiatric treatment status and suicide decline.Methods:Subjects were enrolled from two periods, 2006 to 2011 and 2012 to 2017. We collected the data of 32,252 suicides in Tokyo from police reports and the data of 942 suicide attempters admitted to CCM from medical records. Data were collected by age and gender for the number of suicide completers, the number of suicide attempters, and the psychiatric treatment rates, respectively, every year.ANOVA and t-test were performed to examine whether there were differences between the two periods in the number of suicides and attempters. The difference by the two periods in the psychiatric treatment rate were examined using the chi-square test. Additionally, we analyzed the correlation between annual treatment rate and the number of suicide completers by Pearson’s correlation coefficients in subgroups which had changed their psychiatric treatment rate.Results:The number of suicide attempters in the age group 20-39 years decreased together with the number of suicides. Psychiatric treatment rates in male attempters aged 20-59 years improved significantly from 48.7% to 70.6% and this improvement was correlated with a decrease in suicides. However, psychiatric treatment rates in the elderly, which have the highest number of suicides in both genders, did not improve and remains low.Conclusions:The number of suicide attempters decreased together with suicides in Tokyo. Improvement of psychiatric treatment status in high-risk suicide male adults may have contributed to the reduction of suicides in Tokyo. However, the continuing low rate of psychiatric treatment in the elderly is a pressing issue for future suicide prevention.
Physiological and Biochemical Responses to Short-Term Cold Stimulation of Pak Choi Under Heat Stress
Authors: Yu Jing , Niu Qingliang , Weng Jinyang , Li Pengli , Huang Jinyang , Chang Liying 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Heat stress has become a global concern which seriously affects the growth and production of crop as global warming progresses. Current cultivation techniques of protected horticulture can alleviate this problem, but it is expensive and ineffective. This study aims to use short-term cold stimulation to alleviate the stress response of pak choi under heat stress, and analyze the physiological and biochemical responses of pak choi to short-term cold stimulation, including photosynthetic system, plant antioxidant system, gas exchange capacity, Organic matter content, etc. This method can be used as an auxiliary measure to contribute to the development of protected horticulture in the future.
Tailoring Magnetic Exchange Interactions in Ferromagnet-Intercalated MnBi2Te4 Superlattices
Authors: Kou Xufeng , Chen Peng , Yao Qi , Sun Qiang , Grutter Alexander , Quarterman Patrick , Balakrishnan Purnima P. , Kinane Christy J. , Caruana Andrew J. , Langridge Sean , Cui Baoshan , Li Lun , Ji Yuchen , Zhang Yong , Liu Zhongkai , Zou Jin , Yu Guoqiang , Yang Yumeng 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The intrinsic magnetic topological insulator MnBi2Te4 (MBT) has provided a platform for the successful realization of exotic quantum phenomena. To broaden the horizons of MBT-based material systems, we intercalate ferromagnetic MnTe layers to construct the [(MBT)(MnTe)m]N superlattices by molecular beam epitaxy. The effective incorporation of ferromagnetic spacers mediates the anti-ferromagnetic interlayer coupling among the MBT layers through the exchange spring effect at the MBT/MnTe hetero-interfaces. Moreover, the precise control of the MnTe thickness enables the modulation of relative strengths among the constituent magnetic orders, leading to tunable magnetoelectric responses, while the superlattice periodicity serves as an additional tuning parameter to tailor the spin configurations of the synthesized multi-layers. Our results demonstrate the advantages of superlattice engineering for optimizing the magnetic interactions in MBT-family systems, and the ferromagnet-intercalated strategy opens up new avenues in magnetic topological insulator structural design and spintronic applications.
Co-existence of Overweight/obesity and Stunting: It’s Prevalence and Associated Factors Among Under - Five Children in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Ahmed Sindew , SEBSBIE ALEM , MINDA ABEBE 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Double burden of malnutrition is a global problem posing a serious public health challenge especially in low- and middle-income countries including Ethiopia, where high prevalence of under-nutrition continues to exist and overweight is increasing at an alarming rate. Although both under-nutrition and over-nutrition are investigated extensively in Ethiopia, evidences about double burden of malnutrition especially at individual level are very limited.Objective: To assess the prevalence of the co-existence of overweight/obesity and stunting and associated factors among under-five children in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Methods: Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted from May to June, 2021 among 422 mothers to child pairs in Addis Ababa. Twenty nine (30%) of the health centers in Addis Ababa were selected to take part in the study using simple random sampling technique. The total sample size was allocated proportionally to each of the selected health centers based on their performances within six months prior to the study. Systematic random sampling method was used to select the study participants. An interviewer-administered structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Descriptive statistics and hierarchical logistic regression model were used to characterize the study population and to identify factors that are associated with the outcome variable respectively. Odds ratio along with 95% CI were estimated to measure the strength of the association. Level of statistical significance was declared at p value less than 0.05.Results: The prevalence of the co-existence of overweight/obesity and stunting was 5.1% with 95% CI (2.9% - 7.1%). The hierarchical logistic regression analysis revealed that child age (6 -23 months) [(AOR = 2.86, 95% CI: (1.02 - 8.04)], maternal education status (non-educated) [(AOR = 4.98, 95% CI: (1.33 - 18.66)], maternal age during birth (≥ 28 years) [(AOR = 0.22, 95% CI: (0.06 - 0.79)] and child birth order (3+) [(AOR = 6.38, 95% CI: (1.03 - 39.7)] were significantly associated with the co-existence of overweight /obesity and stunting.Conclusion and recommendations: The study revealed that the prevalence of the co-existence of overweight/obesity and stunting is low in Ethiopia. However, local and national nutrition policies and programs should be tailored and implemented to simultaneously address both under-nutrition and over-nutrition.