bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Water Hyacinth: a Possible Indicator of Lead in Water Bodies
Authors: S. Marcondes Jaéli , V. Almeida Bruno , B. L. de Freitas Guilherme , Q. Mariani Filipe , José de Almeida Durinézio , C. G. de Lima Patricia 
Published: January 2022

Nos últimos anos, uma grande ênfase se concentrou no desenvolvimento de biomarcadores sensíveis como uma ferramenta útil para estudos ambientais. Estudos documentaram que vários contaminantes, compostos metálicos e orgânicos, são capazes de induzir alterações específicas em certas enzimas envolvidas na replicação e geração de células perceptíveis em microscopia óptica. Estes marcadores devem ser de fácil manejo e a técnica de avaliação deve ser barata e rápida. É preferível que os marcadores possam ser usados diretamente no corpo hídrico e que possa ser mantido por um longo período no sistema. Este trabalho verificou a hipótese de que o Echornia crassipes possa ser usado como biomarcador para flutuações de chumbo em corpos hídricos. O E. crassipes foi cultivado em seis concentrações diferentes de chumbo (0,03; 0,05; 0,10; 0,20; 0,25 e 0,30 mg/L-1 Pb) e após cultivo por 30 dias, a coifa e o meristema primário da raiz foram analisados quanto as anormalidades cromossômicas e estruturais. Foram levantadas e testadas duas hipóteses para a correlação observada entre o oxalato e a concentração do metal. Obteve-se uma correlação positiva entre as anormalidades observadas e a flutuação na concentração do metal. Obteve-se ainda um aumento na concentração de ráfides de oxalato de cálcio, apresentando correlação positiva com a concentração de chumbo.

Palavras-chave: Bioindicador. Metais Pesados. Poluição.

Abstract
During recent years, a great emphasis has focused on developing sensitive biomarkers as a useful tool for environmental studies. Studies have documented that several contaminants, both metal and organic compounds, are able to induce specific alterations in certain enzymes which are involved in cellular replication and generation perceptible in optical microscopy. These markers must be easy to handle and the evaluation technique must be cheap and quick. It is preferable that the markers can be used directly in the water body and that it can be maintained for a long time in the system. This work verified the hypothesis that Echornia crassipes could be used as a biomarker for lead fluctuations in water bodies. E. crassipes was grown in six different concentrations of lead (0.03; 0.05; 0.10; 0.20; 0.25 and 0.30 mg/L-1 Pb) and after 30 days' cultivation, the coif and the root’s primary meristem were analyzed for chromosomal and structural abnormalities. Two hypotheses were raised and tested for the observed correlation between oxalate and metal concentration. A positive correlation was obtained between the abnormalities observed and the fluctuation in the metal concentration. An increase in the concentration of calcium oxalate raphids was also obtained, showing a positive correlation with the concentration of lead.

Keywords: Bioindicator. Heavy Metals. Pollution.
Avaliação da Toxicidade do Lodo de Curtume em Plantas de Girassol
Authors: De Araujo Bitencourt Gislayne , Guidorissi Natália da Silva , Rosa Artur Guerra , Brandão Pedro Henrique Lande , Rockenbach Roanita Iara , Laura Valdemir Antônio 
Published: January 2022

Um subproduto da pecuária bovina bastante representativo no Brasil é a produção de couro do tipo wet-blue. No entanto, o processo de beneficiamento gera grande quantidade de resíduos na forma de lodo, que se apresenta o cromo em sua constituição, sendo considerado um resíduo nocivo ao meio ambiente. O objetivo com este trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos de toxicidade da aplicação do lodo de curtume em diferentes dosagens no crescimento de girassol (Helianthus annuus L.), a fim de verificar a possibilidade de utilização desse resíduo sem comprometer a performance das plantas. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação, os vasos foram preenchidos com 5 kg de solo e o lodo foi aplicado nas doses: 0,1; 1; 10; 100 e 250 g.kg-1 de lodo/solo. Foram semeadas três sementes de girassol, em cada vaso, cultivados por 30 dias. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado com cinco repetições. As variáveis avaliadas foram: porcentagem de germinação, comprimento de raiz e parte aérea das plantas, diâmetro de caule, número de folhas e produção de matéria seca de raiz e de parte aérea. Os dados foram submetidos a análise de variância (teste F) e teste de Tukey. A dose de 100 g.kg-1 ocasionou efeitos de toxicidade nas plantas. Diferente da dose de 250 g.kg-1, que inibiu a germinação das sementes. Com base nos resultados, recomenda-se a utilização de até 10 g.kg-1 de lodo de curtume no crescimento de girassol.

Palavras-chave: Composto Orgânico. Helianthus annuus. Resíduo. Tratamento de Couro.

Abstract
The representative by-product of cattle ranching in Brazil is the production of wet-blue leather. However, the beneficiation process generates a large amount of waste in the form of sludge, that presents chromium in its constitution, considered a waste harmful to the environment. The aim of this work was to evaluate the toxicity effects of applying tannery sludge at different dosages on sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) growth in order to verify the possibility of using this residue without compromising the plants’ performance. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, the pots were filled with 5 kg of soil and the sludge was applied in doses: 0.1; 1; 10; 100 and 250 g.kg-1 of sludge/soil. Three sunflower seeds were sown in each pot, grown for 30 days. The experimental design used was completely randomized with five replications. The evaluated variables were: germination percentage, root length and plants’ aerial part, stem diameter, number of leaves and dry root production and aerial part. The data were submitted to analysis of variance (F test) and Tukey test. The dose of 100 g.kg-1 caused toxicity effects on plants. Different from the 250 g.kg-1 dose that inhibited seed germination. Based on the results, it is recommended to use up to 10 g.kg-1 of tannery sludge in sunflower growth.

Keywords: Organic compound. Helianthus annuus. Residue. Leather Treatment.
Predictive value of serum uric acid levels for adverse perinatal outcomes in preeclampsia
Authors: Bhagavan Veena , Rao Aadhishree , Sharma Ritu 
Published: January 2022

Background: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy affect 6-8% of all pregnancies and along-with haemorrhage and infection, they form a complex triad, contributing immensely to maternal morbidity and mortality. Although exact aetio-pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia is unknown, multiple factors have been implicated to have a role in it; the factors being abnormal placental implantation, endothelial dysfunction, maternal immunological tolerance, cardiovascular, genetic, nutritional and environmental factors. Increased uric acid concentration is one of the most pronounced clinical findings in preeclampsia. Hyperuricemia in preeclamptic women is primarily due to a reduction in glomerular filtration rate due to endothelial dysfunction. In this study we look to explore the relationship between elevated serum uric acid and the perinatal outcomes, especially the ability to predict adverse perinatal outcomes.Methods: This was a hospital based retrospective study, conducted in A J institute of medical sciences and research centre, from January 2020 to December 2020. 75 study participants >20 weeks with diagnosed preeclampsia were chosen and their perinatal outcomes were measured. Chi square test and Fisher exact test was used to calculate p>0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Mean gestational age at delivery for elevated serum uric acid was 36.8 with SD=2.57 and those with normal uric acid levels is 38.43 with SD=0.89. FGR was seen in 5 patients, among which 4 (80%) had increased serum uric acid levels and 1 (20%) had normal serum uric acid levels. Total number of neonates who had APGAR score <7 was 3, among whom 2 neonates (66.66%) were born to increased uric acid level mothers. Out of 74 neonates, total number of neonates who had NICU admission were 20, among whom 9 neonates (45%) were born to mothers with increased serum uric acid levels.Conclusions: The study concluded that elevated serum uric acid is significantly associated with adverse perinatal outcomes, like FGR, low birthweight, low APGAR score and increased NICU admissions, there was no significant association between elevated serum uric acid level and mode of delivery.
Perinatal outcome in relation to mode of delivery in meconium stained amniotic fluid
Authors: Gupta Pooja , Singh Santosh Kumar 
Published: January 2022

Background: Meconium stained amniotic fluid is the movement of meconium in the uterus by the fetus during the ANC period or through labor. It has been speculated during the intrapartum and postpartum period as a factor affecting fetal wellbeing and considered as the hallmark symptom of imminent asphyxia. Aim and objectives of current study were to correlate the presence of meconium-stained amniotic fluid with the mode of delivery and perinatal outcome.Methods: A total of 100 women were taken in the study in which meconium stained amniotic fluid and its relation with mode of delivery and neonatal outcome were observed for 2 years.Results: A total of hundred cases were studied. Incidence of types of meconium found to be thin (25%), moderate (34%) and thick (41%). 76% of patients with thin meconium were delivered vaginally without any assistance with instruments, while 64.7% and 68.3% of cases with moderate to thick meconium respectively were delivered by LSCS. In the group of patients with APGAR score more than 7 at five minutes, there is more percentage of patients with thin MSL while in the group of patients with APGAR score less than 7, there is more percentage of patients with thick meconium. No cases of meconium aspiration syndrome were foundConclusions: The types of meconium affect the mode of delivery and fetal outcome. There is no association between having a low birth weight and passage of meconium during labor. The severity of the type of meconium associated with APGAR might be due to severe hypoxia and severe form of nervous system depression leading to cardiovascular and respiratory depression and activation of the parasympathetic nervous system causing anal sphincter relaxation and passage of meconium.
Safety and effectiveness of tranexamic acid in reduction of post-partum hemorrhage in patients undergoing caesarean section in tertiary care hospital of Southern India
Authors: L. Girish B. , S. G. Shraddha , L. Dwarakanath 
Published: January 2022

Background: Obstetric haemorrhage is a leading cause of premature maternal mortality, accounting for at least 100,000 deaths each year worldwide. Tranexamic acid has been shown to reduce uterine blood loss in non-surgical aspect. The aim of the study is to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of TXA in prevention of post-partum hemorrhage in patients undergoing caesarean delivery and to compare the secondary clinical outcomes.Methods: In this prospective observational cross-sectional study, 50 pregnant women undergoing CD were selected in random pattern and divided into control and study group of 25 patients each, in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology in Sri. Siddhartha medical college, Tumakuru from November 2019 to October 2021. The study group were given 1 g of TXA intravenously and the control group did not receive TXA. All the pregnant women received 20 units of oxytocin following delivery.Results: Mean of the total blood loss in the study group was 67 % less than the control group. Secondary clinical outcomes such as need for blood transfusion, other surgical measures to stop bleeding were comparatively less in study group compared to control groups. To note, no significant difference in duration of hospital stay was found between two groups.Conclusions: Our study suggests that, a safe dose of 1g IV tranexamic acid prior to caesarean section has an effective role in reducing blood loss and significantly improved blood loss–related secondary clinical outcomes with fewer side effects.
A laparoscopic management of Swyer syndrome in a woman with pure 46XY gonads and hypoplastic dysgenesis-a rare presentation
Authors: Sathyamurthy Kaavya , Moideen Nilufer 
Published: January 2022

Swyer syndrome is also known as complete/pure gonadal dysgenesis & is associated with an absence of testicular differentiation in a phenotypic female with a 46, XY karyotype. A 23-year-old married girl had come with complaints of primary infertility. She was averagely built & nourished. She had well developed secondary sexual characteristics like breast development, axillary hairs, and pubic hairs (Tanners stage 4) secondary to receiving HRT for getting menses. External genitalia was of female type. Karyotype showed genotype of 46, XY. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed hypoplastic uterus with rudimentary fallopian tubes , and fibrotic gonad like tissue. A diagnosis of Swyer syndrome was made. The patient was started on hormonal replacement therapy. Dysgenetic streak gonads were removed laparoscopically . Pathologic examination revealed seminiferous tubules ,rete testis & epididymis without evidence of malignant transformation. The patient tolerated the procedure well . Thus laparoscopic prophylactic gonadectomy revealed to be an economical ,straightforward and simple procedure in this patient & risk of neoplasia could be prevented.
Journey to vaccination using a heuristic approach in Pakistan: a qualitative study
Authors: Tabassum Farhana , . Nazia , . Tooba , Nooruddin Shanila , Hussain Imtiaz , Umer Muhammad , Feroz Khaild , Aarif Shabina , Soofi Sajid , Habib Atif 
Published: January 2022

Background: Immunization has significant health benefits particularly for children. Despite the rigorous efforts, immunization coverage in Pakistan has stagnated over the last decade.Methods: 42 in-depth interviews (IDIs) were conducted in polio high-risk areas of Pakistan involving mothers, fathers, polio workers and vaccinators to identify influencing and non-influencing factors that serve as a cue to action for childhood immunization using the heuristic approach contributing to journey to vaccination.Results: Participants shared different underlying fears and psychosocial factors concerning vaccines such as painful neonatal experiences, doubts, fear of vaccine-related side effects, distrust, treatment, morbidity and mortality of their children. Parents in favour of vaccinating their children, when afflicted with traumatic experiences, skipped vaccines for the time being. When counselled by the health-care providers they started vaccination again. While refusal parents were very rigid and after witnessing any harrowing vaccine-related experience, their decision not to vaccinate became stronger.Conclusions: Vaccination uptake is significantly influenced by vaccine-related traumatic life experiences which need to be explored and addressed timely as vaccine-hesitancy can become a more serious threat to global health.
Cluster investigations of the COVID-19 in the UT of Dadra Nagar Haveli, Daman and Diu, India
Authors: Sanghai Ankush , Khan Vikram , Zala Dolatsinh B. , Mahyavanshi Darshan , Das Vatte Katt 
Published: January 2022

Background: This study presents the various variables of the first cluster of COVID-19 was identified in the Union Territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu, India. Methods: The investigation design combined active case findings, contact tracing, and containment policy around each confirmed case. The various epidemiological parameters were counted with the verbal autopsy of confirmed cases and possible contacts. Results: It was a small-scale cluster that started with an imported case. In this cluster, a total of 18 infected persons, 243 high-risk contact, and 105 low-risk contacts were identified. The entire positives were linked to each other within a single chain of transmission, therefore; Airborne, droplet, and hand-to-hand transmissions were suspected.Conclusions: The results of the present study were suggested that early detection, active surveillance, testing of suspected cases, isolation of cases, quarantine of contacts are the key objectives to contain the COVID-19 disease cluster. But we have to keep in mind that what are variables affecting the objectives of the cluster contentment at the grassroots level.
Tool development and validation of the oral cancer patient and diagnostic interval measure
Authors: Philip Phinse Mappalakayil , Kannan Srinivasan 
Published: January 2022

Background: The poor survival rates observed in oral cancer can be improved if diagnosed early. A greater understanding of the patient and diagnostic interval in the diagnostic journey of oral cancer is vital for facilitating early diagnosis. The non-availability of a validated tool for measuring these intervals impedes early diagnosis research. The present study aimed to develop a tool to measure the patient and diagnostic intervals for early oral cancer diagnosis researchers.Methods: To include appropriate questions to get the exact days, the researcher has first searched for published articles on the subject. This was followed by consultations with health care providers. The list of variables finalized through these iteration processes was circulated among the experts for establishing content validity. The face validity of the conceptually equivalent local language version of the tool was also assessed. The tool was developed as an interview schedule.Results: The final tool had 16 symptom response categories and 14 other questions. Items with a content validity index of 0.8 or above were only included. The validated tool was further used in a cross-sectional study on patient interval. The most common initial symptoms recognized by the participants were non-healing ulcer with pain (n=97), tooth mobility (n=26), and non-healing ulcer without pain (n=25).Conclusions: A tool was developed and validated for collecting various time points for measuring various time points in the diagnostic journey of oral cancer. To our knowledge, this is the first tool for measuring patient intervals and diagnostic interval in oral cancer.
Epidemiological profile of Parkinson’s disease: a hospital based descriptive study
Authors: R. Maanasa , Narasimhan R. Lakshmi , S. Kalpana , S. Valarmathi , G. Srinivas 
Published: January 2022

Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD), in general, is categorized into five stages based on Hoehn and Yahr staging marking its clinical progression, and is associated with various comorbidities. The diagnosis of PD, however, is relied on clinical manifestations that occur after significant neurological damage in patients. Objective of current study was to study the epidemiological profile of PD patients to identify their stage at diagnosis, associated comorbidities and their treatment-seeking behaviour. Methods: A descriptive study was conducted at the Movement disorders outpatient department where a total of sixty patients with a clinical diagnosis of PD were enrolled. They were correlated with the Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale for staging assessment and questioned regarding other chronic illness they suffer, if any, using a standardized questionnaire for comorbidity assessment and treatment procedure they underwent.Results: The patients reported for the study were mostly males (63%) with a mean age of 58 years. Among them, 90% of patients were at Stage I and II of illness and 63% had some comorbidity like Hypertension while 37% of patients had no comorbidity. Most of them (58%) were diagnosed and treated immediately on the appearance of the first clinical symptom at Government institutions. Also, we found that 70% of patients had no awareness of PD. Conclusions: Thus we conclude that the early stage of disease observed in most patients, despite longer duration may suggest that early diagnosis can help in alleviation of symptoms. However, this observation needs a larger study to provide better and conclusive evidence.
COVID-19 vaccination in India: is it in right direction?
Authors: Kumar Ankit , Singh Mahendra , Semwal Bheem Dutt 
Published: January 2022

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), which has spread rapidly throughout the world. In March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic. The pandemic has severely ravaged health systems and economic and social progress globally. In India, 3,36,52,745 confirmed COVID-19 cases and over 4,46,918 deaths have been reported as of 25 Sep 2021. Symptoms of COVID-19 most commonly manifests as fever, dry cough, shortness of breath and tiredness. Most people (80%) experience mild disease and recover without hospitalization, while around 20% may become more seriously affected. While countries, including India, have taken strong measures to contain the spread of COVID-19 through better diagnostics and treatment, vaccines will provide a lasting solution by enhancing immunity and containing the disease spread. In response to the pandemic, the vaccine development process has been fast-tracked. COVID-19 vaccination dry run: just like army drills, dry run is a dummy process that helped the government assesses how ready we are for the COVID-19 immunization at the national level. It also highlighted any shortcomings in the mechanism laid out for the coronavirus vaccine drive so that we can address them before time and avoid any difficulty or problems during the actual immunization process. After administration of vaccine in population and recent research study has been done in India- that efficacy of Covishield vaccine is more than Covaxin vaccine.