bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Texas Private Equity Conference 2022: Session III: Space: The Final Investing Frontier
Authors: Arseneau Brant , Anderman David , Dominocielo Gabe , Kuta Matthew , Wiles Ken 
Published: September 2022

In this final panel at the Texas Private Equity Conference, four active investors discuss the commercial opportunities opened up by the privatization of space exploration. With the cost of launching rockets into space and putting satellites into orbit dropping sharply, unit economics are dropping quickly, much faster than even the industry expected. Reusable rockets in particular are changing the economics of space launches significantly and revolutionized the industry. And the Starship developed by Elon Musk's SpaceX will soon be operational, and is expected to reduce costs by a factor of 10. SpaceX, after just a few years in existence, is now the most valuable private company in the United States, second only to ByteDance in the rest of the world. Satellite costs have also come down dramatically. Thanks to the privatization of space exploration, shareholders of privately owned companies have supplanted national governments as the largest owners of SpaceX rockets, and will own the next International Space Station.The consensus among the panelists is that today's New Space sector is now where the Internet was around 1995. A lot of money will also be made by the applications and services surrounding the launch sector. Uber, Google Maps, and other GPS‐related services create demand for satellite services as do telecommunications that use satellite‐based optical laser links instead of land‐based fiber optic cable. Among the major challenges, however, space projects continue to take longer and cost more than expected. And the space entrepreneurs on this panel consistently described the time horizons of traditional venture capital as too limited. “Space junk”—orbiting spacecraft or pieces of old spacecraft that might collide with satellites—is viewed as a growing concern, but not an existential threat to the New Space Economy.
The advancement of Ethiopia's salt iodization programme—The success story of the central iodized facilities
Authors: Yusufali Rizwan , Frohmann Denise , Chuko Tesfaye , Laillou Arnaud 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe objective of this article is to characterize the value of centralized iodization facilities (CIFs) to advance Ethiopia's salt iodization programme and its impact on the population iodine status. The analysis is based on a review of publications relating to salt iodization and iodine deficiency control efforts in Ethiopia. The country has made remarkable progress in improving iodized salt coverage, leading to improved iodine intake across its population that would otherwise be at high risk of iodine deficiency disorders. Establishment of central processing facilities, more frequent monitoring and generation of data and encouraging private sector investment have been instrumental in this achievement. Ethiopia has thus achieved and sustained greater than 89% HH iodized salt coverage from its lowest point of 15% coverage and subsequently improved iodine intake across its population. Iodine intake sufficiency in a population is assessed by median urinary iodine concentration (MUIC). The lessons learned and the experience with CIFs have applicability in several other countries where fragmented salt production continues to create barriers to achieve higher iodized salt coverage.
Modeling of Phase Change in Nanoconfinement Using Moment Methods
Authors: Kumar Anil , A. M. Aneesh , Rana Anirudh Singh 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Accurate prediction of liquid–vapor phase change phenomena is critical in the design of thin vapor chambers and microheat pipes for the thermal management of miniaturized electronic systems. In view of this, we have considered the heat and mass transfer between two-liquid meniscuses separated by a thin gap of its own vapor. Assuming the heat and mass flow are to be steady and one-dimensional, analytic solutions are obtained to the linearized equations from the regularized 26-moment framework. Our analytic solutions provide excellent predictions for the effective heat conductivity of a dilute gas with those from the molecular dynamics (MD) and Boltzmann equation where Fourier's law fails. We also verified that the predicted heat and mass flow rates over the whole range of the Knudsen number are consistent with the kinetic theory of gases. Further, the model has been used to predict the effect of evaporation and accommodation coefficients on the heat and mass transfer between the liquid layers.
Infants Born Preterm Demonstrate Reduced Task-Specific Exploration During the Scaffolded Kick-Activated Mobile Task
Authors: Kim Jeong Ah , Park Sungwoo , Fetters Linda , Eckel Sandrah P. , Kubo Masayoshi , Sargent Barbara 
Published: September 2022

This study quantified the spatial exploration of 13 infants born very and extremely preterm (PT) at 4 months corrected age as they learned that moving their feet vertically to cross a virtual threshold activated an infant kick-activated mobile and compared results to 15 infants born full-term (FT) from a previously published study. Spatial exploration was quantified using two general spatial exploration variables (exploration volume and exploration path), two task-specific spatial variables (duration of time in the task-specific region of interest and vertical variance of kicks), and one non-task-specific spatial variable (horizontal variance of kicks). The infants born PT, similar to FT, increased their general spatial exploration and duration in the region of interest and did not change the vertical and horizontal variances of kicks. However, the infants born PT, compared to FT, spent less time in the task-specific region of interest and had a greater non-task-specific horizontal variance throughout the task. This may indicate that infants born PT and FT exhibit similar general spatial exploration, but infants born PT exhibit less task-specific spatial exploration. Future research is necessary to determine the contribution of learning and motor abilities to the differences in task-specific exploration between infants born PT and FT.
Building resilience for sexual and reproductive health at the community level: learning from three crisis-affected provinces in Pakistan
Authors: Tanabe Mihoko , Hynes Michelle , Rizvi Anjum , Goswami Nimisha , Mahmood Nadeem , Krause Sandra 
Published: September 2022

Pakistan regularly faces natural disasters and has a longstanding disaster risk management infrastructure. It is also a nation with high maternal and newborn mortality. Rahnuma-Family Planning Association of Pakistan, with support from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Women’s Refugee Commission and the International Planned Parenthood Federation South Asia Region’s Sexual and Reproductive Health Programme in Crisis and Post Crisis Situations Initiative, embarked on building community capacity to prepare for and respond to sexual and reproductive health (SRH) risks in select disaster-prone areas in Pakistan, and linking communities to existing disaster risk management structures at national, regional and district levels.The initiative began with a training of trainers at the national level, which was cascaded to six union councils (UCs) in three districts in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Punjab and Sindh provinces. Participants developed action plans for their respective UCs that addressed gaps in implementing the Minimum Initial Service Package (MISP) for SRH, the international standard of care for SRH in emergency settings. Communities spent 1.5 years implementing their action plans to strengthen their capacity to respond to SRH needs in the event of an emergency.Project learning highlights the benefits of investing in preparedness to strengthen core services and linking communities to existing formal structures. Action planning led to immediate gains and longer-term benefits. The MISP for SRH was integrated into disaster risk management at all levels. Community mobilisation, awareness raising and the creation of blood donor groups and emergency transport contributed to averting mortality at the community level.
Effects of telemedicine interventions on essential hypertension: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhu Ling , Li Dongze , Jiang Xiao-Lian , Jia Yu , Liu Yi , Li Fanghui , Chen Xiaoli , Lin Tao , Diao Dongmei , Gao Yongli 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionEssential hypertension is a major preventable risk factor for early cardiovascular disease, premature death and disability. It has been reported that telemedicine interventions can provide an innovative solution to essential hypertension to overcome the barriers that exist in traditional treatment or control. Nevertheless, this subject has not been thoroughly investigated. The goal of this study is to systematically evaluate and describe the impact of telemedicine interventions on essential hypertension.Methods and analysisTo find relevant research, we will conduct a systematic literature search of three databases (PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library), with no language limitations, in addition to researching grey literature. Two reviewers will extract the data individually, and any disagreements will be resolved by discussion or by a third reviewer. The randomised controlled trials will be chosen based on predetermined inclusion criteria. Primary outcomes will include systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure after the telemedicine intervention. Secondary outcomes will include medication adherence (eg, the Morisky Medication Adherence Questionnaire), quality of life (eg, the MOS item scale of the Health Survey Short Form 36 questionnaire), blood pressure control rate and adverse events (eg, stroke, chronic renal failure, aortic dissection, myocardial infarction and heart failure). The quality of the included studies will be assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias method. The data will be analysed using RevMan V.5.3.5 software and STATA V.16.0 software. If heterogeneity testing reveals little or no statistical heterogeneity, a fixed effect model will be used for data synthesis; otherwise, a random effect model would be employed. We will synthesise the available evidence to perform a high-quality meta-analysis.Ethics and disseminationThis project does not require ethical approval because it will be conducted using publicly available documents. The review’s findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and publications.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021293539.
Effect of a patient education video and prehabilitation on the quality of preoperative person-centred coordinated care experience: protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Wong Sami Sum Yu , Cheung Helen Hoi TIng , Ng Floria Fung , Yau Derek King Wai , Wong Man Kin Henry , Lau Vivian Nga Man , Leung Wing Wa , Mak Tony Wing Chung , Lee Anna 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionMultimodal prehabilitation, an emerging field within the Perioperative Medicine specialty, requires close multidisciplinary team coordination. The goal is to optimise the patient’s health status in the 4–8 weeks before elective surgery to withstand surgical stress. Most patients are unfamiliar with the concept of prehabilitation but are interested in participating in such a programme after explanation. The objective of this randomised controlled trial is to evaluate the effect of prehabilitation (patient education video and multimodal prehabilitation) on the preoperative patient-centred coordinated care experience.Method and analysisOne hundred patients undergoing major elective surgery (cardiac, colorectal, hepatobiliary-pancreatic and urology) will be recruited into a two-group, parallel, superiority, single-blinded randomised controlled trial. Patients will be randomised to receive either preoperative patient education comprising of a video and prehabilitation programme with standard care (intervention) or standard care (control). The primary outcome measure will be the quality of preoperative patient care experience using the 11-item Chinese version of the Person-Centred Coordinated Care Experience Questionnaire (P3CEQ) before surgery. Secondary outcomes will include the change in Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) score from trial enrolment to before surgery, Quality of Recovery Score (QoR-15) on third day after surgery and Days Alive and At Home within 30 days after surgery (DAH30). Intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses will be performed.Ethics and disseminationThe Joint CUHK-NTEC Clinical Research Ethics Committee approved the study protocol (CREC Ref. No. 2021.518-T). The findings will be presented at scientific meetings, in peer-reviewed journals and to study participants.Trial registration numberChiCTR2100053637.
Acute care for patients exposed to a chemical attack: protocol for an international multicentric observational study
Authors: Bourassa Stephane , Noebert Daniel , Dauphin Marc , Rambaud Jerome , Kawaguchi Atsushi , Léger François , Beijer Daan , Fortier Yvan , Dligui Mina , Ivanovski Hristijan , Simard Serge , Jouvet Philippe , Leclerc Jacinthe 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThe use of weapons of mass destruction against civilian populations is of serious concern to public health authorities. Chemical weapons are of particular concern. A few studies have investigated medical responses in prehospital settings in the immediate aftermath of a chemical attack, and they were limited by the paucity of clinical data. This study aims to describe the acute management of patients exposed to a chemical attack from the incident site until their transfer to a medical facility.Methods and analysisThis international multicentric observational study addresses the period from 1970 to 2036. An online electronic case report form was created to collect data; it will be hosted on the Biomedical Telematics Laboratory Platform of the Quebec Respiratory Health Research Network. Participating medical centres and their clinicians are being asked to provide contextual and clinical information, including the use of protective equipment and decontamination capabilities for the medical evacuation of the patient from the incident site of the chemical attack to the moment of admission at the medical facility. In brief, variables are categorised as follows: (1) chemical exposure (threat); (2) prehospital and hospital/medical facility capabilities (staffing, first aid, protection, decontamination, disaster plans and medical guidelines); (3) clinical interventions before hospital admission, including the use of protection and decontamination and (4) outcomes (survivability vs mortality rates). Judgement criteria focus on decontamination drills applied to any of the patient’s conditions.Ethics and disseminationThe Sainte-Justine Research Centre Ethics Committee approved this multicentric study and is acting as the main evaluating centre. Study results will be disseminated through various means, including conferences, indexed publications in medical databases and social media.Trial registration numberNCT05026645.
Comparison of two skin protection regimes for the Prevention of Incontinence-associated Dermatitis in geriatric care (PID): a study protocol for an exploratory randomised controlled pragmatic trial
Authors: El Genedy-Kalyoncu Monira , Fastner Alexandra , Völzer Bettina , Raeder Kathrin , Neumann Konrad , Lahmann Nils Axel , Kottner Jan 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThe majority of aged long-term care receivers and patients in geriatric acute care are affected by some form of incontinence. These individuals are at risk of developing incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD), a common type of irritant contact dermatitis caused by repeated and prolonged direct contact of the skin with urine and stool. The prevalence of IAD in these settings is high. Preventive measures include mild skin cleansing and the application of skin protecting leave-on products. Available evidence is weak regarding the comparative performance of different skin protection strategies and products due to a lack of confirmatory trials using relevant comparators and endpoints. Therefore, the overall aim of this exploratory trial is to compare the effects of three skin protection strategies to estimate effect sizes of the recently published core outcomes in IAD research.Methods and analysisA pragmatic three-arm, assessor-blinded, randomised controlled, exploratory trial with parallel group design will be performed, comparing film-forming and lipophilic skin protecting leave-on products for IAD prevention with standard incontinence care alone. The trial will be conducted in geriatric nursing homes and geriatric acute care settings in the federal state of Berlin, Germany. A total of n=210 participants being incontinent of urine and stool will be included. Outcomes include IAD incidence, erythema, erosion, maceration, IAD-related pain, patient satisfaction, safety, feasibility and compliance. IAD incidence of the control and intervention groups will be compared to estimate effect sizes, and the procedural feasibility of the intervention will be tested to plan a possible subsequent confirmatory randomised controlled trial.Ethics and disseminationThe study received the approval of the ethics committee of Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin (EA4/043/22). Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed open-access journals and international conferences.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05403762) and German Clinical Trials Register (Deutsches Register Klinischer Studien, or DRKS) (DRKS00028954).
Protocol for a qualitative pilot study to explore ethical issues and stakeholder trust in the use of normothermic regional perfusion in organ donation in Canada
Authors: Murphy Nicholas , Lingard Lorelei , Blackstock Laurie , Ott Mary , Slessarev Marat , Basmaji John , Brahmania Mayur , Healey Andrew , Shemie Sam , Skaro Anton , Wilson Lindsay , Weijer Charles 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThe process of controlled organ donation after circulatory determination of death (cDCDD) results in ischaemic injury to organs and leads to poorer outcomes in organ recipients. Although not yet used in Canada, normothermic regional perfusion (NRP) is a perfusion technology used postmortem with cDCDD donors to selectively restore perfusion of oxygenated blood to target organs in situ, reversing ischaemic injury and improving organ viability and post-transplant outcomes. However, NRP poses significant ethical challenges. To preserve trust in deceased donation, these ethical challenges must be addressed to the satisfaction of Canadian stakeholders before NRP’s implementation. This study will identify ethical issues pertaining to NRP and explore perspectives of NRP among key stakeholders. By developing an explanatory framework delineating how stakeholder perceptions of NRP’s ethical implications impact trust in Canada’s donation and transplantation systems, this study will inform the development of responsible policy on NRP’s use in Canada.Methods and analysisThis study includes two workstreams. Workstream 1 is a scoping review of medical and bioethical literature to identify ethical issues stemming from NRP. We will apply a common search string across Medline, PubMed (other than Medline) and Embase to identify relevant articles. We will identify grey literature through Google searches, websites of organ donation organisations and consultation with our research network. No date limits will be applied. All peer-reviewed publications, commentaries, editorials or documents that engage with ethical issues in NRP (or conceptual and empirical issues as they relate to these ethical issues) will be included. News articles, conference abstracts and publications not in English will be excluded. Workstream 2 consists of interviews with healthcare providers, institutional stakeholders, organ recipients and deceased donors’ family members (n=24–36), as well as focus groups with healthcare providers involved in deceased donation and transplantation (n=20–32). Constructivist grounded theory methodology will guide data collection and analysis in workstream 2.Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by Western University’s research ethics committee (Western REM; ID: 120001). All participants will be asked to provide written informed consent to participate. Findings will be shared with Canadian organ donation and transplantation organisations, presented at national conferences and published in medical journals.
Harnessing the Vnn1 pantetheinase pathway boosts short chain fatty acids production and mucosal protection in colitis
Authors: Millet Virginie , Gensollen Thomas , Maltese Michael , Serrero Melanie , Lesavre Nathalie , Bourges Christophe , Pitaval Christophe , Cadra Sophie , Chasson Lionel , Vu Man Thien Phong , Masse Marion , Martinez-Garcia Juan Jose , Tranchida Fabrice , Shintu Laetitia , Mostert Konrad , Strauss Erick , Lepage Patricia , Chamaillard Mathias , Broggi Achille , Peyrin-Biroulet Laurent , Grimaud Jean-Charles , Naquet Philippe , Galland Franck 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveIn the management of patients with IBD, there is a need to identify prognostic markers and druggable biological pathways to improve mucosal repair and probe the efficacy of tumour necrosis factor alpha biologics. Vnn1 is a pantetheinase that degrades pantetheine to pantothenate (vitamin B5, a precursor of coenzyme A (CoA) biosynthesis) and cysteamine. Vnn1 is overexpressed by inflamed colonocytes. We investigated its contribution to the tolerance of the intestinal mucosa to colitis-induced injury.DesignWe performed an RNA sequencing study on colon biopsy samples from patients with IBD stratified according to clinical severity and modalities of treatment. We generated the VIVA mouse transgenic model, which specifically overexpresses Vnn1 on intestinal epithelial cells and explored its susceptibility to colitis. We developed a pharmacological mimicry of Vnn1 overexpression by administration of Vnn1 derivatives.ResultsVNN1 overexpression on colonocytes correlates with IBD severity. VIVA mice are resistant to experimentally induced colitis. The pantetheinase activity of Vnn1 is cytoprotective in colon: it enhances CoA regeneration and metabolic adaptation of colonocytes; it favours microbiota-dependent production of short chain fatty acids and mostly butyrate, shown to regulate mucosal energetics and to be reduced in patients with IBD. This prohealing phenotype is recapitulated by treating control mice with the substrate (pantethine) or the products of pantetheinase activity prior to induction of colitis. In severe IBD, the protection conferred by the high induction of VNN1 might be compromised because its enzymatic activity may be limited by lack of available substrates. In addition, we identify the elevation of indoxyl sulfate in urine as a biomarker of Vnn1 overexpression, also detected in patients with IBD.ConclusionThe induction of Vnn1/VNN1 during colitis in mouse and human is a compensatory mechanism to reinforce the mucosal barrier. Therefore, enhancement of vitamin B5-driven metabolism should improve mucosal healing and might increase the efficacy of anti-inflammatory therapy.