bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self‐incompatibility and the genetic architecture of inbreeding depression
Authors: Schoen Daniel J. , Baldwin Sarah J. 
Published: October 2022

Summary

Inbreeding depression plays a fundamental role in evolution. To help detect and characterize the loci that underlie inbreeding depression, we used bud pollination and salt treatments to circumvent self‐incompatibility (SI) in plants from populations of Leavenworthia alabamica and produced families of progeny that were then genotyped at genetically mapped single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci.

Using Bayesian inference, the segregation patterns for each SNP were used to explore support for different dominance and selection coefficients at linked viability loci in different genomic regions.

There was support for several partially recessive viability loci in one of the populations, and one such locus mapped to the genomic region of the novel SI locus in L. alabamica.

These results are consistent with earlier findings that showed purging of inbreeding depression for germination rate in L. alabamica. They are also consistent with expectations from evolutionary genetic theory that recessive, deleterious alleles linked to loci under balancing selection can be sheltered from selection.
THERMOSENSITIVE BARREN PANICLE (TAP) is required for rice panicle and spikelet development at high ambient temperature
Authors: Zhang Peng , Zhu Wanwan , He Yi , Fan Junyi , Shi Jin , Fu Ruifeng , Hu Jianping , Li Li , Zhang Dabing , Liang Wanqi 
Published: October 2022

Summary

In cereal plants, the size of the panicle (inflorescence) is a critical factor for yield. Panicle size is determined by a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors, but the mechanisms underlying adaptations to temperature stress during panicle development remain largely unknown.

We identify the rice THERMOSENSITIVE BARREN PANICLE (TAP) gene, which encodes a transposase‐derived FAR1‐RELATED SEQUENCE (FRS) protein and is responsible for regulating panicle and spikelet development at high ambient temperature. The tap mutants display high temperature‐dependent reproductive abnormalities, including compromised secondary branch and spikelet initiation and pleiotropic floral organ defects. Consistent with its thermosensitive phenotype, TAP expression is induced by high temperature.

TAP directly promotes the expression of OsYABBY3 (OsYAB3), OsYAB4, and OsYAB5, which encode key transcriptional regulators in panicle and spikelet development. In addition, TAP physically interacts with OsYAB4 and OsYAB5 proteins; phenotypic analysis of osyab4 tap‐1 and osyab5 tap‐1 double mutants indicates that TAP–OsYAB4/OsYAB5 complexes act to maintain normal panicle and spikelet development.

Taken together, our study reveals the novel role of a TE‐derived transcription factor in controlling rice panicle development under high ambient temperatures, shedding light on the molecular mechanism underlying the adaptation of cereal crops to increasing environmental temperatures.
Acetaminophen pharmacokinetics in infants and children with congenital heart disease
Authors: Holladay Jay , Winch Peter , Morse James , Anderson Brian J. , McKee Christopher T. , Rice‐Weimer Julie , Tobias Joseph D. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundAcetaminophen is routinely used for perioperative analgesia in children undergoing major surgical procedures. There are few estimates of acetaminophen pharmacokinetic parameters in children with congenital heart disease, especially those with cyanotic heart disease.AimsThe current study prospectively investigated differences in acetaminophen pharmacokinetics following surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass in children with cyanotic and acyanotic congenital heart disease.MethodsChildren (2–6 years, 9–23 kg) presenting for median sternotomy for Fontan palliation (cyanotic patients) or two ventricle surgical repair (acyanotic patients) were eligible for inclusion. A single intravenous dose of acetaminophen (15 mg/kg) was administered at the start of sternal closure after separation from cardiopulmonary bypass. The time‐course of acetaminophen concentrations were described using non‐linear mixed effects models. One and two‐compartment disposition models with first‐order elimination were tested. Pharmacokinetic parameter estimates were scaled using allometry and standardized to a 70 kg person.ResultsThere were 208 acetaminophen concentrations assayed from 30 children, 15 with cyanotic, and 15 with acyanotic heart disease. A 2‐compartment model best described acetaminophen PK. Parameter estimates (population parameter variability, PPV%; 95% confidence interval, CI) were clearance CL 15.3 L.h‐1.70 kg‐1 (22.2%; 13.8–16.7), intercompartment clearance Q 45.4 L.h‐1.70 kg‐1 (22.4%; 25.2–61.9), central volume of distribution V1 33.5 L.70 kg‐1 (23.2%; 25.9–38.8), peripheral volume of distribution V2 32.1 L.70 kg−1 (21.7%; 25.9–38.8). Neither clearance nor volume parameters differed between cyanotic and acyanotic patients.ConclusionsAcetaminophen pharmacokinetics were characterized using a 2‐compartment model with first‐order elimination following cardiac bypass surgery in children. Population pharmacokinetic parameter estimates were similar to other studies in children. No differences were detected between patients with cyanotic and acyanotic heart disease.
Ferulic acid is a putative surrender signal to stimulate programmed cell death in grapevines after infection with Neofusicoccum parvum
Authors: Khattab Islam M. , Fischer Jochen , Kaźmierczak Andrzej , Thines Eckhard , Nick Peter 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAn apoplectic breakdown from grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) has become a serious challenge to viticulture as a consequence of drought stress. We hypothesize that fungal aggressiveness is controlled by a chemical communication between the host and colonizing fungus. We introduce the new concept of a ‘plant surrender signal’ accumulating in host plants under stress and facilitating the aggressive behaviour of the strain Neofusicoccum parvum (Bt‐67) causing Botryosphaeriaceae‐related dieback in grapevines. Using a cell‐based experimental system (Vitis cells) and bioactivity‐guided fractionation, we identify trans‐ferulic acid, a monolignol precursor, as a ‘surrender signal’. We show that this signal specifically activates the secretion of the fungal phytotoxin fusicoccin A aglycone. We show further that this phytotoxin, mediated by 14‐3‐3 proteins, activates programmed cell death in Vitis cells. We arrive at a model showing a chemical communication facilitating fusicoccin A secretion that drives necrotrophic behaviour during Botryosphaeriaceae–Vitis interaction through trans‐ferulic acid. We thus hypothesize that channelling the phenylpropanoid pathway from this lignin precursor to the trans‐resveratrol phytoalexin could be a target for future therapy.
Etiology, management, and outcomes of pediatric telogen effluvium: A single‐center study in the United States
Authors: Chen Vivien , Strazzulla Lauren , Asbeck Sara M. , Bellodi Schmidt Fernanda 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesTelogen effluvium (TE) is a diffuse, rapidly occurring non‐scarring alopecia that can be a significant source of distress for patients and caregivers. To date, the disorder has not been extensively studied in a US pediatric patient population. This study aims to characterize the epidemiology, management, and disease course of pediatric TE.MethodsA retrospective single‐center analysis was conducted at the University of Miami including pediatric medical records from 2009 to 2021 with at least one clinic visit coded with the diagnosis of TE.Results76 patients presented with a wide range of age at onset and hair loss duration. 67% of patients (n = 51) had an identified trigger, the most common being emotional stress and acute febrile illness, followed by nutritional deficiencies (specifically iron, ferritin, and vitamin D). Observation was the most common therapeutic approach. Of patients who had a follow‐up evaluation (39%), different treatments resulted in similar rates of improvement.ConclusionsThe results of this study demonstrate the variability in potential TE triggers, physical exam findings, and management in children, similar to what is currently observed and practiced in adult patients. Appropriate work‐up for common triggers should be included during the initial visit. Greater evidence‐based treatment approaches are needed for pediatric TE.
Does appealability foster more citizen‐friendly decisions at the street level?
Authors: Gershgoren Sagi , Cohen Nissim 
Published: October 2022

AbstractUnbiased conduct is an essential part of the social contract between the state and its citizens. Yet, when tasked with settling disputes between citizens and other state officials, are public administrators truly impartial in their resolutions? Such a question is vital for street‐level bureaucrats whom the public perceives as the face of governance. This study investigates the relations between the pro‐citizen tendencies in street‐level bureaucrats' resolutions, their internal appealability, and the discretionary space under which they are made. Using quantitative analysis of real‐world lower‐court rulings in Israeli tax disputes between 1980 and 2021, the research findings indicate that unregulated expansion of street‐level bureaucrats' discretionary space relates to favoring the state's arguments in their resolutions and may impair procedural fairness. The findings also imply that regulation promoting citizens' right to appeal such resolutions within their agency, can increase street‐level bureaucrats' pro‐citizen tendencies and potentially counteract such outcomes.
Creatively interpreting policy to move science forward: Implementing participatory technology assessment at NASA
Authors: Torres Christopher , Fowler Luke 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEntrepreneurial strategies and tactics are often subtle and indiscrete, adding to the mystery of how one goes about being an entrepreneur, particularly within bureaucratic agencies that are often set up to constrain such behaviors. The authors use a case study of the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)'s public engagement practices to examine how entrepreneurs shift policy interpretations with administrative agencies. Findings describe three entrepreneurial strategies and tactics: (1) using one‐on‐one or small group meetings to connect to different audiences across organizations; (2) tying new policy interpretations to existing ones, so changes seem less radical; and, (3) positioning oneself in the middle of the action to control both narrative and progress. Conclusions discuss both practical mechanisms for shifting away from the status quo, and the theoretical contributions to a growing body of literature on strategic and tactical approaches of bureaucratic entrepreneurs in democratic systems.
Large Eddy Simulation of a Pistonless Constant Volume Combustor: A New Concept of Pressure Gain Combustion
Authors: Detomaso Nicola , Laera Davide , Pouech Paul , Duchaine Florent , Poinsot Thierry 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Classical gas turbine thermodynamic cycle has undergone no change over the last decades. The most important efficiency improvements have been obtained by reducing thermal losses and raising the overall pressure ratio and peak temperature. Pressure gain combustion (PGC) represents an increasingly interesting solution to break out current technological limits. Indeed cycle models show that a pressure raise across the combustion process would reduce fuel consumption, increasing efficiency. Providing an efficiency close to the corresponding detonative technological concepts, constant volume combustion (CVC) represents a viable solution that still needs to be studied. In this work, the CV2 (constant-volume combustion vessel) installed at the Pprime laboratory (France) is numerically investigated using the high-fidelity compressible large eddy simulation (LES) solver AVBP. All the successive phases of the CVC cycle, i.e., air intake, fuel injection, spark-ignited combustion, and exhaust, are considered in the LES. Intake and exhaust valves are properly represented by novel boundary conditions able to mimic the valves impact on the flow without the need to directly consider their presence and dynamics during the simulation, reducing the computational costs. The spark ignition is modeled as an energy deposition term added to the energy equation. The combustion phase is treated by the dynamic version of the thickened flame model (DTFLES) extended to deal with nonconstant pressure combustion. Time-resolved particle imaging velocimetry (PIV) and pressure measurement inside the chamber reveal that cold and reactive turbulent flow are well captured in all the phases, showing the reliability of the approach and the models used.
Combined Cycle, Heat Pump, and Thermal Storage Integration: Techno-Economic Sensitivity to Market and Climatic Conditions Based on a European and United States Assessment
Authors: Vannoni Alberto , Garcia Jose Angel , Guedez Rafael , Sorce Alessandro , Massardo Aristide Fausto 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The integration of a heat pump (HP) with a combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) to control the inlet air temperature is a promising technology to meet the requirements imposed by the current electricity systems in terms of efficiency and flexibility. If the HP is coupled with a thermal energy storage (TES) in an inlet conditioning unit (ICU), it can be exploited in different modes to enhance the off-design CCGT's efficiency or to boost the power output at full load. Furthermore, fuel-saving would be reflected in avoided emissions. The optimal sizing of the ICU, as well as an accurate estimation of the benefits, is a complex problem influenced by several factors such as the local climate and electricity market prices. This paper aims to systematically investigate, utilizing a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model for optimal dispatch, the feasibility of an ICU integration in different scenarios (EU and US). Different electricity markets have been analyzed and classified according to the parameters describing the average and variability of prices, the interdependency with the gas market, the ambient temperature, or the local carbon pricing policy. The most favorable conditions are identified and the dependency of the optimal ICU sizing on the climate and the electricity market is highlighted. This paper provides information for a first viability assessment: the concept appears to be highly profitable in hot regions with high price variability. Additionally, even in less profitable conditions (i.e., stable low prices in a cold climate), the system increases operating hours and reduces economic losses.
Thermodynamic Analysis and Modeling of a Novel Solar Absorption Cogeneration System With an Adjustable Cooling-to-Power Ratio
Authors: Alghamdi Abdulmajeed , Sherif S. A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this work, a novel solar double-effect absorption combined cooling and power (DECCP) system with an adjustable cooling-to-power ratio is proposed. This cogeneration system uses water–LiBr as the working fluid. The novel cycle upon which this system is based has been mathematically modeled, simulated, and parametrically analyzed to generate the system’s performance characteristics for several scenarios. The performance has been compared with those of other similar combined cogeneration cycles. It was found that the proposed cycle outperforms the other cycles from the vantage point of the power produced and the cycle’s ability to produce cooling. For specific operating parameters, the DECCP cycle achieves an exergetic efficiency that varies between 36.55% and 59.13% based on the refrigerant split ratio used. An effective operating strategy is proposed for the cycle when it is powered by solar energy.
Characterization of Magnetorheological Brake in Shear Mode Using High-Strength MWCNTs and Fumed Silica-Based Magnetorheological Fluids at Low Magnetic Fields
Authors: Singh Rakesh Kumar , Sarkar Chiranjit 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The performance of magnetorheological (MR) brakes is dependent on the MR characteristics of the braking fluid, working parameters, and magnetic fields. Due to the size limitations, it is quite difficult to use large-sized electromagnet for a high magnetic field inside an MR brake and thus working parameters indirectly affect the MR properties of MR fluid. Again, MR fluids show thermal thinning with working temperature. Therefore, in the present study, MR fluids that have stable MR properties at high temperatures and can provide better braking torque at low magnetic fields are prepared. To improve the MR properties at high temperature, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) which have high thermal conductivity are used as additives, and initially, three MR fluids are synthesized by varying MWCNT fractions. The MR properties of these fluids are examined and plotted using magnetorheometer. The effective fraction of MWCNTs at which MR fluid has stable MR properties with temperature is identified. It is found that MR fluid which consists of 0.25% fractions of MWCNTs has large yield strength but only at high magnetic fields. To improve its MR properties at a lower magnetic field, 0.5% fraction of fumed silica is mixed with 0.25% fractions of MWCNTs. Then, a fabricated MR disc brake is characterized using those prepared magnetorheological fluids (MRFs). The braking torque of MRFs at different speeds is presented and compared. It is found that approximately 26% more braking torque is offered by fumed silica + MWCNTs-based MR fluid in comparison to other MRFs at 1200 RPM.
Raman thermometry and (U-Th)/He thermochronometry reveal Neogene transpressional exhumation in the Nacimiento block of central California, USA
Authors: Lacroix B. , Lahfid A. , Ward C. , Niemi N.A. , Chapman A.D. , Jarvis W. , Kempton P.D. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We present a novel approach for mapping vertical uplifts in exhumed metasedimentary rocks by coupling Raman spectroscopy of carbonaceous material with (U-Th)/He thermochronometry on apatite and zircon. We apply this approach to carbonaceous metasedimentary rocks of the Franciscan subduction complex, exposed in the Nacimiento block of central California, USA, an area that records high-pressure–low-temperature metamorphism prior to entrainment within the present-day transform plate boundary. We reveal the extent and magnitude of previously unrecognized exhumation gradients, which, combined with regional structural observations, can be used to quantify vertical crustal motion associated with localized transpression. We propose that the Nacimiento block was affected by a kilometer-scale, post-subduction thermal anomaly linked to a localized transpressive regime since ca. 25 Ma, with an uplift rate of ∼0.3 mm/yr.
Prospects for the Use of Marine Sulfated Fucose-Rich Polysaccharides in Treatment and Prevention of COVID-19 and Post-COVID-19 Syndrome
Authors: Kiselevskiy M. V. , Anisimova N. Yu. , Bilan M. I. , Usov A. I. , Ustyuzhanina N. E. , Petkevich A. A. , Shubina I. Zh. , Morozevich G. E. , Nifantiev N. E. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Symptoms of the new coronavirus infection that appeared in 2019 (COVID-19) range from low fever and fatigue to acute pneumonia and multiple organ failure. The clinical picture of COVID-19 is heterogeneous and involves most physiological systems; therefore, drugs with a wide spectrum of mechanism of action are required. The choice of the treatment strategy for post-COVID-19 syndrome is still a challenge to be resolved. Polysaccharides with a high fucose content derived from seaweed and marine animals can form the basis for the subsequent development of promising agents for the treatment of COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 syndrome. This class of biopolymers is characterized by a variety of biological activities, including antiviral, antithrombotic, anticoagulant, hemo-stimulating, anti-inflammatory and immune-regulatory. Low molecular weight derivatives of these polysaccharides, as well as synthetic oligosaccharides with a sufficient amount and sulfation type may be considered as the most promising compounds due to their better bioavailability, which undoubtedly increases their therapeutic potential.
Instability of the charged massive scalar field on the Kerr–Newman black hole spacetime
Authors: Vieira H. S. , Bezerra V. B. , Muniz C. R. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe investigate the quasibound states of charged massive scalar fields in the Kerr–Newman black hole spacetime by using a new approach recently developed, which uses the polynomial conditions of the Heun functions. We calculate the resonant frequencies related to the spectrum of quasibound states, as well as its corresponding angular and radial wave eigenfunctions. We also analyze the instability of the system. These results are particularized to the cases of Schwarzschild and Kerr black holes. Additionally, we compare our analytical results with the numerical ones known in the literature. Finally, we apply the obtained results to compute the characteristic times of growth and decay of bosonic particles around a supermassive black hole situated at the center of the M87 galaxy.
The Ordovician of the Middle East (Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan)
Authors: Ghobadi Pour Mansoureh , Popov Leonid E. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Ordovician studies in Iran have shown significant progress since the beginning of the century. A number of individual faunas have been documented and a biostratigraphical framework based on conodonts, chitinozoans, acritarchs and trilobites developed. Correlation of Ordovician successions with the International Chronostratigraphic Chart has been significantly improved, and the position of the series and stage boundaries can be recognized with greater precision. While geographical proximity to temperate latitude Gondwana is apparent for most Iranian terranes, biogeographical links of Alborz and Kopet-Dagh with South China prevailed through the Early–Middle Ordovician. In Pakistan, Ordovician deposits have a restricted distribution in the Karakorum block (Chitral). Here they are represented by the Yarkhun and Vidiakot formations with Floian–Darriwilian acritarchs, chitinozoans and early Darriwilian conodonts. In Peshawar District of the North-West Frontier Province, an Early–Middle Ordovician age is likely for the Misri Banda Quartzite with
Cruziana rugosa
trace fossils. It is overlain conformably by carbonates of the Panjpir Formation, which has an inferred Middle Ordovician–Silurian age. Presently available information on the Ordovician of Afghanistan is mostly based on reconnaissance studies performed almost half a century ago, and a few monographed Early and Late Ordovician faunas.