bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Purification mechanism of microcrystalline graphite and lithium storage properties of purified graphite
Authors: Yang Sen , Zhang Shuaiqing , Dong Wei , Xia Yingkai 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In order to improve the application value of natural microcrystalline graphite with carbon content of 49.5%, high-purity microcrystalline graphite was prepared by emulsifying kerosene flotation firstly, and then purifying hydrofluoric acid and hexafluorosilicic acid. Then the purified microcrystalline graphite was prepared for the lithium-ion battery anode material, its microstruture and electrochemical properties were analyzed, the purification mechanism and lithium storage mechanism were discussed. The research results show that carbon content of microcrystalline graphite after emulsified kerosene flotation and mixed acid purification are 93.5% and 99.0% respectively. After pickling, high-purity microcrystalline graphite shows the largest layer spacing, which is 0.351 5 nm and is 0.001 4 nm higher than that of natural microcrystalline graphite. Size disparity of acid washing sample is larger, layered structure is more obvious, cycle performance and magnification performance are better than those of floation sample. The pickled sample has the highest initial reversible specific capacity of 477.4 mAh/g, and the first Coulomb efficiency is 61.3%. Charge transfer impedance, interface impedance and SEI membrane impedance, and lithium ion diffusion impedance in electrode material are significantly lower than those of microcrystalline graphite after flotation.
Integrability by compensation for Dirac equation
Authors: Da Lio Francesca , Rivière Tristan , Wettstein Jerome 
Published: February 2022

We consider the Dirac operator acting on the Clifford algebra

C
ℓ

m

{C\ell }_{m}

. We show that under critical assumptions on the potential and the spinor field the equation is subject to an integrability by compensation phenomenon and has a sub-critical behaviour below some positive energy threshold (i.e.

ϵ
−

\epsilon -

regularity theorem). This extends in 4 space dimension as well as in 3 dimension a similar result obtained previously by the two first authors in 2D in F. Da Lio and T. Riviére [Critical chirality in elliptic systems, Ann. Inst. H. Poincare Anal. Non Linéaire, 38 (2021), no. 5, 1373–1405].
The Relationship Between P-Wave Dispersion, QTc Dispersion, and Gestational Hypertension
Authors: Gao Jie , Wang Xin-Kang , Chen Hui 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
To analyze the relationship between gestational hypertension and P-wave dispersion and QTc interval dispersion.

Methods
From January 2017 to December 2019, 213 pregnant women who met the diagnosis of hypertension were selected as gestational hypertension with 248 healthy pregnant women as controls. The basic data, P-wave dispersion, and QTc dispersion were compared between the 2 groups, and binary logistic regression analysis was performed.

Results
The minimum time of P wave (78.59 ± 9.32 vs. 94.61 ± 7.03 ms) and the minimum time of QTc (384.65 ± 21.69 vs. 401.91 ± 15.49 ms) in gestational hypertension were significantly lower than those in the controls. The dispersion of P wave (42.75 ± 9.94 vs. 14.91 ± 4.03 ms), QTc (57.15 ± 16.10 vs. 21.42 ± 6.07 ms), the maximum time of P wave (121.34 ± 7.22 vs. 112.53 ± 6.43 ms), and the maximum time of QTc (441.80 ± 25.42 vs. 429.74 ± 27.83 ms) in gestational hypertension were significantly higher than those in the controls (all P &lt; 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that P-wave dispersion (odds ratio = 1.795, 95% confidence interval 1.266–2.546), QTc minimum time (odds ratio = 0.905, 95% confidence interval 0.833–0.983), and QTc dispersion (odds ratio = 1.216, 95% confidence interval 1.042–1.420) were correlated with gestational hypertension.

Conclusions
P-wave dispersion and QTc dispersion are associated with gestational hypertension.
Foliar water uptake does not contribute to embolism repair in beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)
Authors: Schreel Jeroen D M , Brodersen Craig , De Schryver Thomas , Dierick Manuel , Rubinstein Adriana , Dewettinck Koen , Boone Matthieu N , Van Hoorebeke Luc , Steppe Kathy 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background and Aims
Foliar water uptake has recently been suggested as a possible mechanism for the restoration of hydraulically dysfunctional xylem vessels. In this paper we used a combination of ecophysiological measurements, X-ray microcomputed tomography and cryo-scanning electron microscopy during a drought treatment to fully evaluate this hypothesis.

Key Results
Based on an assessment of these methods in beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) seedlings we were able to (1) confirm an increase in the amount of hydraulically redistributed water absorbed by leaves when the soil water potential decreased, and (2) locate this redistributed water in hydraulically active vessels in the stem. However, (3) no embolism repair was observed irrespective of the organ under investigation (i.e. stem, petiole or leaf) or the intensity of drought.

Conclusions
Our data provide evidence for a hydraulic pathway from the leaf surface to the stem xylem following a water potential gradient, but this pathway exists only in functional vessels and does not play a role in embolism repair for beech.
Global Expert Opinion on Cryolipolysis Treatment Recommendations and Considerations: A Modified Delphi Study
Authors: Altmann Jens , Burns A Jay , Kilmer Suzanne L , Lee Christopher , Lim Tingsong , Metelitsa Andrei , Stevens W Grant , Taub Amy , Welsh Kathleen , Kazem Farid 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
Cryolipolysis is an increasingly popular nonsurgical fat-reduction procedure. Published treatment guidance and adverse event (AE) management protocols are limited.

Objective
A modified Delphi study aimed to establish global expert consensus on the use of CoolSculpting (Allergan Aesthetics, an AbbVie Company, Irvine, CA), a noninvasive cryolipolysis treatment system.

Methods
A literature search informed survey topics for an 11-expert Delphi panel. Panelists completed an online 39-question survey. An interim panel discussion, with open-ended questions and yes/no voting, informed a second survey containing 61 statements, for which panelists rated agreement using a 5-point Likert scale. Topics included treatment outcome and responder definitions, patient evaluation and selection, treatment protocols, patient satisfaction, and AEs.

Results
Panelists achieved consensus on 38 final guidelines and recommendations. They reached moderate to complete consensus on 4 statements on defining responders (ie, patients with a range of visible improvement) and 6 statements on patient factors contributing to treatment outcomes (eg, how well the applicator conforms to patient body region). Panelists defined minimum numbers of treatment cycles to achieve visible clinical outcomes for 12 body regions, with moderate to complete consensus on 31 statements. They achieved a strong to complete consensus on 7 statements about patient satisfaction (eg, importance of patient expectations, visible improvement, and before-and-after photographs). Panelists defined management strategies for AEs, with moderate to complete consensus on 15 statements.

Conclusions
A modified Delphi process yielded multiple guideline recommendations for cryolipolysis, providing a needed resource for the broad range of clinicians who perform this noninvasive fat-reduction procedure.

Level of Evidence: 5
LinkExplorer: predicting, explaining and exploring links in large biomedical knowledge graphs
Authors: Ott Simon , Barbosa-Silva Adriano , Samwald Matthias 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Summary
Machine learning algorithms for link prediction can be valuable tools for hypothesis generation. However, many current algorithms are black boxes or lack good user interfaces that could facilitate insight into why predictions are made. We present LinkExplorer, a software suite for predicting, explaining and exploring links in large biomedical knowledge graphs. LinkExplorer integrates our novel, rule-based link prediction engine SAFRAN, which was recently shown to outcompete other explainable algorithms and established black-box algorithms. Here, we demonstrate highly competitive evaluation results of our algorithm on multiple large biomedical knowledge graphs, and release a web interface that allows for interactive and intuitive exploration of predicted links and their explanations.

Availability and implementation
A publicly hosted instance, source code and further documentation can be found at https://github.com/OpenBioLink/Explorer.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Bayesian group testing with dilution effects
Authors: Tatsuoka Curtis , Chen Weicong , Lu Xiaoyi 
Published: February 2022

Summary
A Bayesian framework for group testing under dilution effects has been developed, using lattice-based models. This work has particular relevance given the pressing public health need to enhance testing capacity for coronavirus disease 2019 and future pandemics, and the need for wide-scale and repeated testing for surveillance under constantly varying conditions. The proposed Bayesian approach allows for dilution effects in group testing and for general test response distributions beyond just binary outcomes. It is shown that even under strong dilution effects, an intuitive group testing selection rule that relies on the model order structure, referred to as the Bayesian halving algorithm, has attractive optimal convergence properties. Analogous look-ahead rules that can reduce the number of stages in classification by selecting several pooled tests at a time are proposed and evaluated as well. Group testing is demonstrated to provide great savings over individual testing in the number of tests needed, even for moderately high prevalence levels. However, there is a trade-off with higher number of testing stages, and increased variability. A web-based calculator is introduced to assist in weighing these factors and to guide decisions on when and how to pool under various conditions. High-performance distributed computing methods have also been implemented for considering larger pool sizes, when savings from group testing can be even more dramatic.
Duty Free: Turning the Criminological Spotlight on Special Economic Zones
Authors: Hall Alexandra , Antonopoulos Georgios A , Atkinson Rowland , Wyatt Tanya 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSpatially designated economic zones render countries vulnerable to crime and harm, while simultaneously diffusing and escalating these problems across the globe. Yet, criminological analysis of special economic zones (SEZs) and similar areas remains limited. This article analyses the kinds of criminality and harm attached to such fiscal and commodity enclaves. Our analysis begins with the history of SEZs. We then offer a typology of related harms: 1. illicit trade; 2. the protection of wealth holdings; and 3. environmental harm. Our closing theoretical discussion suggests how the expansion of economic strategies involving SEZs is generative of new and complex forms of harm and crime embedded in the spatial architecture of the global economy.
Regional amyloid correlates of cognitive performance in ageing and mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Stevens Daniel A. , Workman Clifford I. , Kuwabara Hiroto , Butters Meryl A. , Savonenko Alena , Nassery Najilla , Gould Neda , Kraut Michael , Joo Jin Hui , Kilgore Jessica , Kamath Vidya , Holt Daniel P. , Dannals Robert F. , Nandi Ayon , Onyike Chiadi U. , Smith Gwenn S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBeta-amyloid deposition is one of the earliest pathological markers associated with Alzheimer's disease. Mild cognitive impairment in the setting of beta-amyloid deposition is considered to represent a preclinical manifestation of Alzheimer's disease. In vivo imaging studies are unique in their potential to advance our understanding of the role of beta-amyloid deposition in cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease and in mild cognitive impairment. Previous work has shown an association between global cortical measures of beta-amyloid deposition (‘amyloid positivity’) in mild cognitive impairment with greater cognitive deficits and greater risk of progression to Alzheimer's disease. The focus of the present study was to examine the relationship between the regional distribution of beta-amyloid deposition and specific cognitive deficits in people with mild cognitive impairment and cognitively normal elderly individuals. Forty-seven participants with multi-domain, amnestic mild cognitive impairment (43% female, aged 57–82 years) and 37 healthy, cognitively normal comparison subjects (42% female, aged 55–82 years) underwent clinical and neuropsychological assessments and high-resolution positron emission tomography with the radiotracer 11C-labelled Pittsburgh compound B to measure beta-amyloid deposition. Brain–behaviour partial least-squares analysis was conducted to identify spatial patterns of beta-amyloid deposition that correlated with the performance on neuropsychological assessments. Partial least-squares analysis identified a single significant (P &lt; 0.001) latent variable which accounted for 80% of the covariance between demographic and cognitive measures and beta-amyloid deposition. Performance in immediate verbal recall (R = −0.46 ± 0.07, P &lt; 0.001), delayed verbal recall (R = −0.39 ± 0.09, P &lt; 0.001), immediate visual-spatial recall (R = −0.39 ± 0.08, P &lt; 0.001), delayed visual-spatial recall (R = −0.45 ± 0.08, P &lt; 0.001) and semantic fluency (R = −0.33 ± 0.11, P = 0.002) but not phonemic fluency (R = −0.05 ± 0.12, P &lt; 0.705) negatively covaried with beta-amyloid deposition in the identified regions. Partial least-squares analysis of the same cognitive measures with grey matter volumes showed similar associations in overlapping brain regions. These findings suggest that the regional distribution of beta-amyloid deposition and grey matter volumetric decreases is associated with deficits in executive function and memory in mild cognitive impairment. Longitudinal analysis of these relationships may advance our understanding of the role of beta-amyloid deposition in relation to grey matter volumetric decreases in cognitive decline.
Multicenter Prospective Study of Biomarkers for Diagnosis of Invasive Candidiasis in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Fisher Brian T , Boge Craig L K , Xiao Rui , Shuster Sydney , Chin-Quee Dawn , Allen John , Shaheen Shareef , Hayden Randall , Suganda Sri , Zaoutis Theoklis E , Chang Yeh Chung , Yin Dwight E , Huppler Anna R , Danziger-Isakov Lara , Muller William J , Roilides Emmanuel , Romero José , Sue Paul K , Berman David , Wattier Rachel L , Halasa Natasha , Dulek Daniel E , Pong Alice , Maron Gabriela , Soler-Palacin Pere , Hutto Susan C , Gonzalez Blanca E , Salvatore Christine M , Rajan Sujatha , Green Michael , Doby Knackstedt Elizabeth , Hauger Sarmistha B , Steinbach William J 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundDiagnosis of invasive candidiasis (IC) relies on insensitive cultures; the relative utility of fungal biomarkers in children is unclear.MethodsThis multinational observational cohort study enrolled patients aged &gt;120 days and &lt;18 years with concern for IC from 1 January 2015 to 26 September 2019 at 25 centers. Blood collected at onset of symptoms was tested using T2Candida, Fungitell (1→3)-β-D-glucan, Platelia Candida Antigen (Ag) Plus, and Platelia Candida Antibody (Ab) Plus assays. Operating characteristics were determined for each biomarker, and assays meeting a defined threshold considered in combination. Sterile site cultures were the reference standard.ResultsFive hundred participants were enrolled at 22 centers in 3 countries, and IC was diagnosed in 13 (2.6%). Thirteen additional blood specimens were collected and successfully spiked with Candida species, to achieve a 5.0% event rate. Valid T2Candida, Fungitell, Platelia Candida Ag Plus, and Platelia Candida Ab Plus assay results were available for 438, 467, 473, and 473 specimens, respectively. Operating characteristics for T2Candida were most optimal for detecting IC due to any Candida species, with results as follows: sensitivity, 80.0% (95% confidence interval, 59.3%–93.2%), specificity 97.1% (95.0%–98.5%), positive predictive value, 62.5% (43.7%–78.9%), and negative predictive value, 98.8% (97.2%–99.6%). Only T2Candida and Platelia Candida Ag Plus assays met the threshold for combination testing. Positive result for either yielded the following results: sensitivity, 86.4% (95% confidence interval, 65.1%– 97.1%); specificity, 94.7% (92.0%–96.7%); positive predictive value, 47.5% (31.5%–63.9%); and negative predictive value, 99.2% (97.7%–99.8%).ConclusionsT2Candida alone or in combination with Platelia Candida Ag Plus may be beneficial for rapid detection of Candida species in children with concern for IC.Clinical Trials RegistrationNCT02220790.
Graecia Belgica: writing Ancient Greek in the early modern Low Countries
Authors: Lamers Han , Van Rooy Raf 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The early modern Low Countries formed a multilingual region where Latin and several vernaculars lived in symbiosis. It is often forgotten, however, that Ancient Greek was also cultivated among the cultural and intellectual elite, so intensely that a vast corpus of Greek texts was produced in this region. This article offers a first exploration of the reasons behind this cultural phenomenon. It starts with a general introduction, including a state of research in the field and a first survey of the source materials. The main body of the article is divided into two parts. The first situates the so-called New Ancient Greek literature of the early modern Low Countries in historical perspective by introducing first Greek studies and then Greek composition in this region. Against this background, the second part explores what motivated and inspired this Greek literary production in four sections, each discussing an important aspect of the phenomenon under study: language learning, cultural distinction, networks and communities, and aesthetic appreciation. The article thus demonstrates that writing in Greek in the early modern era had uses far beyond showing off one’s literary talent and erudition.
Impact of drug safety warnings and antimicrobial stewardship programme implementation on tigecycline prescribing: a prospective quasi-experimental interrupted time series analysis
Authors: Barrantes-González Melisa , Grau Santiago , Conde-Estévez David 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
Tigecycline is the first member of the glycylcyclines. Both the FDA (2010 and 2013) and the EMA (2011) issued safety warnings describing an increased mortality risk associated with tigecycline compared with other antibiotics treating severe infections. One of the best strategies to optimize antimicrobial therapies is through the establishment of antimicrobial stewardship programmes (ASPs) in hospitals. In June 2011, our ASP was implemented.

Objectives
To analyse trends in tigecycline prescription, after drug safety warning announcements by regulatory agencies and after an ASP implementation.

Methods
A 6 year prospective observational study of tigecycline use was performed, including all consecutive adult patients treated with at least one dose during the 6 years after approval of the drug for its use in the hospital. The primary outcome was tigecycline consumption assessed by DDD/100 bed-days. A segmented linear regression model for interrupted time series (ITS) was designed to detect any significant trend changes.

Results
A total of 524 patients were included. After the FDA warning alert, tigecycline consumption decreased by 35.9%. Moreover, following the ASP implementation, a dramatic reduction in tigecycline prescription by 67.3% was observed.

Conclusions
The role of the ASP was essential to establish adequate control of prescriptions, collaborating with the clinicians in a better adaptation of the tigecycline indication.
Cancer epidemiology and treatment patterns for older persons in Japan: a review of nationwide data and statistics
Authors: Higashi Takahiro 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Older patients tend to have comorbidities and physiological decline, which require adaptation in terms of standard treatment. Therefore, the care of older patients poses a unique challenge for healthcare providers. Their standard care is relatively less established than for younger patients because older patients are often excluded from clinical trials, resulting in limited representation. This review, using various data sources, such as cancer registries and national statistics, aims to describe the nationwide status of older patients in Japan and the care provided to them. Incidence statistics have revealed that each age group’s most common types of cancers are different. Relevant data have also shown that older patients are more likely to be left without treatment compared with their younger counterparts, although the extent of such differences tends to depend on the cancer type. A survey of the general population has shown that older patients are more likely to be treated for common diseases; however, they are found to have undetected diseases when screened for the common diseases. Individuals’ life expectancies may vary depending on their physical conditions. The social lives of older persons, which often revolve around their jobs and family structures, vary widely. Thus, clinicians and caregivers should consider the background information of older patients in order to accommodate their special needs.
‘Donor-matching’ in Third-party Reproduction: a Comparative Analysis of Law and Practice in Europe
Authors: Łukasiewicz Rafał , Allan Sonia 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Medically assisted reproduction is of significant public and policy interest across Europe. Where use of donor gametes (eggs, sperm, or embryos) is required, some people may employ ‘donor-matching’, which seeks to establish phenotypic similarity between gamete donors and recipient(s). This article examines donor-matching focusing on methods used to match donors and recipients, reasons for its use, and laws and practices across several European jurisdictions. The discussion is informed by examination of relevant literature, regulatory instruments, and consultation with practitioners and experts, and aims to inform wider theoretical and policy debates. Differences in practice and issues that arise across jurisdictions are highlighted. That donor-matching has the potential to be used by people born as a result of third-party reproduction to identify their donor is also discussed. The authors conclude that the use of donor-matching raises complex issues for recipients and donor-conceived people alike, which must be considered when contemplating its use and regulation.