bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient, physician, and policy factors underlying variation in use of telemedicine for radiation oncology cancer care
Authors: De Brian , Fu Shuangshuang , Chen Ying‐Shiuan , Das Prajnan , Ku Kimberly , Maroongroge Sean , Woodhouse Kristina D. , Hoffman Karen E. , Nguyen Quynh‐Nhu , Reed Valerie K. , Chen Aileen B. , Koong Albert C. , Smith Benjamin D. , Smith Grace L. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundOncology telemedicine was implemented rapidly after COVID‐19. We examined multilevel correlates and outcomes of telemedicine use for patients undergoing radiotherapy (RT) for cancer.MethodsUpon implementation of a telemedicine platform at a comprehensive cancer center, we analyzed 468 consecutive patient RT courses from March 16, 2020 to June 1, 2020. Patients were categorized as using telemedicine during ≥1 weekly oncologist visits versus in‐person oncologist management only. Temporal trends were evaluated with Cochran‐Armitage tests; chi‐squared test and multilevel multivariable logistic models identified correlates of use and outcomes.ResultsOverall, 33% used telemedicine versus 67% in‐person only oncologist management. Temporal trends (ptrend < 0.001) correlated with policy changes: uptake was rapid after local social‐distancing restrictions, reaching peak use (35% of visits) within 4 weeks of implementation. Use declined to 15% after national “Opening Up America Again” guidelines. In the multilevel model, patients more likely to use telemedicine were White non‐Hispanic versus Black or Hispanic (odds ratio [OR] = 2.20, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03–4.72; p = 0.04) or receiving ≥6 fractions of RT versus 1–5 fractions (OR = 4.49, 95% CI 2.29–8.80; p < 0.001). Model intraclass correlation coefficient demonstrated 43% utilization variation was physician‐level driven. Treatment toxicities and 30‐day emergency visits or unplanned hospitalizations did not differ for patients using versus not using telemedicine (p > 0.05, all comparisons).ConclusionThough toxicities were similar with telemedicine oncology management, there remained lower uptake among non‐White patients. Continuing strategies for oncology telemedicine implementation should address multilevel patient, physician, and policy factors to optimize telemedicine's potential to surmount—and not exacerbate—barriers to quality cancer care.
The prognostic value of prognostic nutritional index in advanced cancer receiving PD‐1/L1 inhibitors: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Li Pengfei , Lai Yutian , Tian Long , Zhou Qinghua 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPurposeTo study the prognostic value of the prognostic nutritional index (PNI) in advanced cancers receiving programmed death‐1/programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐1/L1) inhibitors.MethodsOnline electronic databases were comprehensively searched and available literature was retrieved. We extracted available data from included researches and pooled the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to learn the prognostic value of PNI on overall survival (OS) or progression‐free survival (PFS); and meanwhile calculated the relative risk (RR) with 95% CI to study the relationship between PNI and treatment efficacy (objective response rate [ORR] or disease control rate [DCR]) in late staged cancer receiving PD‐1/L1 inhibitors.ResultsNine studies were finally selected for this meta‐analysis. We obtained data regarding PNI on OS from all nine studies, and the pooled HR was 2.31 (95% CI 1.81–2.94, p = 0.000), showing a correlation between low PNI and worse OS. Eight studies reported a relationship between PNI and PFS, and combined results revealed shorter PFS in patients with lower PNI, with an HR of 1.75 (95% CI 1.40–2.18, p = 0.000). Four studies explored the association between PNI and ORR and two studies explored the influence of PNI on DCR. An association between PNI and ORR (RR = 0.47, p = 0.003) was observed, while no association between PNI and DCR (RR = 0.49, p = 0.103) was observed by pooling these studies.ConclusionIn summary, this meta‐analysis indicated that a lower PNI was significantly correlated with decreased OS and PFS and played adverse roles in ORR in advanced cancer patients receiving PD‐1/L1 inhibitors. Therefore, PNI could be promising for predicting prognosis and treatment response in advanced malignancies treated with PD‐1/L1 inhibitors.
Comorbidities rather than older age define outcome in adult patients with tumors of the Ewing sarcoma family
Authors: Striefler Jana Käthe , Schmiester Maren , Brandes Franziska , Dörr Anne , Pahl Stefan , Kaul David , Rau Daniel , Dobrindt Eva‐Maria , Koulaxouzidis Georgios , Bullinger Lars , Märdian Sven , Flörcken Anne 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundEwing family of tumors (EFT) is rarely diagnosed in patients (pts) over the age of 18 years (years), and data on the clinical course and the outcome of adult EFT pts is sparse.MethodsIn this retrospective analysis, we summarize our experience with adult EFT pts. From 2002 to 2020, we identified 71 pts of whom 58 were evaluable for the final analysis.ResultsMedian age was 31 years (18–90 years). Pts presented with skeletal (n = 26), and extra‐skeletal primary disease (n =32). Tumor size was ≥8 cm in 20 pts and 19 pts were metastasized at first diagnosis. Between the age groups (≤25 vs. 26–40 vs. ≥41 years) we observed differences of Charlson comorbidity index (CCI), tumor origin, as well as type and number of therapy cycles. Overall, median overall survival (OS) was 79 months (95% confidence interval, CI; 28.5–131.4 months), and median progression‐free survival (PFS) 34 months (95% CI; 21.4–45.8 months). We observed a poorer outcome (OS, PFS) in older pts. This could be in part due to differences in treatment intensity and the CCI (<3 vs. ≥3; hazard ratio, HR 0.334, 95% CI 0.15–0.72, p = 0.006). In addition, tumor stage had a significant impact on PFS (localized vs. metastasized stage: HR 0.403, 95% CI 0.18–0.87, p = 0.021).ConclusionsOur data confirms the feasibility of intensive treatment regimens in adult EFT pts. While in our cohort outcome was influenced by age, due to differences in treatment intensity, CCI, and tumor stage, larger studies are warranted to further explore optimized treatment protocols in adult EFT pts.
Wnt signaling pathway: A comprehensive review
Authors: Hayat Rabia , Manzoor Maleeha , Hussain Ali 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWnt signaling is an evolutionary cell‐to‐cell coordination mechanism and it is highly critical for a variety of physiological processes of an organism's body, including stem cell regeneration, proliferation, division, migration, polarity of a cell, determining fate of the cell and specification of neural crest, neural symmetry and morphogenesis. Wnts are extracellular secreted glycol proteins, consisted of a family of 19 human proteins that represent the complex nature of the regulatory structure and physiological efficiency of signaling. Moreover, a Wnt/β‐catenin‐dependent pathway and the β‐catenin‐independent pathway that is further classified into the Planar Cell Polarity and Wnt/Ca2+ pathways have been established as key signaling nodes downstream of the frizzled (Fz/Fzd) receptor, and these nodes are extensively analyzed at biochemical and molecular levels. Genetic and epigenetic activities that ultimately characterize the pathway and its subsequent responses contribute to Wnt‐β‐catenin signaling pathway hypo or hyper‐activation and is associated with the variety of human disorders progression most significantly cancers. Recognizing how this mechanism operates is crucial to the advancement of cancer prevention therapies or regenerative medicine methods.
Endoscopic fenestration of a giant frontal arachnoid cyst: Operative technique and anatomical nuances
Authors: Dimentberg Ryan , Borja Austin J. , Glauser Gregory , Brem Steven , Choudhri Omar A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEndoscopic fenestration is best as it is minimally invasive and does not require hardware in the surgical site (Figure 1). This case shows the safety of endoscopic fenestration and the utility of operative adjuncts (J Korean Med Sci. 1999;14:443; Neurosurg Focus. 2005;19:E7).
Pemphigus herpetiformis in a 4‐year‐old child: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Hayder Faten , Bahloul Emna , Sellami Khadija , Jerbi Ameni , Masmoudi Hatem , Zghal Mouna , Ayedi Lobna , Aounallah Amina , Turki Hamida 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPemphigus herpetiformis (PH) is a rare form of pemphigus, especially when occurring in childhood. Misdiagnosis is common in this age group. The disease exhibits diverse clinical and histological aspects. Further immunological investigations should be performed in order to make the right diagnosis with a correct management strategy.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Chromans Through Bifunctional Enamine‐Metal Lewis Acid Catalysis
Authors: Davis Jacqkis , Gharaee Mojgan , Karunaratne Chamini V. , Cortes Vazquez Jose , Haynes Mikayla , Luo Weiwei , Nesterov Vladimir N. , Cundari Thomas , Wang Hong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCooperative enamine‐metal Lewis acid catalysis has emerged as a powerful tool to construct carbon‐carbon and carbon‐heteroatom bond forming reactions. A concise synthetic method for asymmetric synthesis of chromans from cyclohexanones and salicylaldehydes has been developed to afford tricyclic chromans containing three consecutive stereogenic centers in good yields (up to 87 %) and stereoselectivity (up to 99 % ee and 11 : 1 : 1 dr). This difficult organic transformation was achieved through bifunctional enamine‐metal Lewis acid catalysis. It is believed that the strong activation of the salicylaldehydes through chelating to the metal Lewis acid and the bifunctional nature of the catalyst accounts for the high yields and enantioselectivity of the reaction. The absolute configurations of the chroman products were established through X‐ray crystallography. DFT calculations were conducted to understand the mechanism and stereoselectivity of this reaction.
Evaluation of chiral N,N‐dimethyl‐sphingosine for the interaction between nerve growth factor and tropomyosin receptor kinase A
Authors: Murai Yuta , Sekiguchi Akihiro , Hirakawa Taeko , Usuki Seigo , Igarashi Yasuyuki , Monde Kenji 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNeuropathic pain is an unbearable condition caused by nervous system damage. As distinct acute pain, neuropathic pain is chronic, and it severely influences quality of life. N,N‐Dimethyl‐d‐erythro‐sphingosine (DMS), a neuropathic pain inducer, is metabolited de novo from sphingosine. In a recent study, metabolomics showed an increased concentration level of DMS in the spinal cord in mice with neuropathic pain. Nerve growth factor (NGF) is one of the peripheral nervous system targeted pain factors that interact with tropomyosin receptor kinase A (trkA). On the basis of this information, we were interested in the possibility that DMS may induce neuropathic pain‐like behavior through an increase of NGF activity. In this study, we showed that DMS can enhance the binding of NGF to trkA, followed by neurite outgrowth of epidermal nerve fibers and phosphorylation of trkA. In addition, a stereoisomer, N,N‐dimethyl‐l‐erythro‐sphingosine, did not any show such biological activities. The results suggest that DMS can enhance the binding of NGF to trkA and that its stereochemistry is an essential factor for exhibiting its activity.
Should We Sample More than Required by the European Water Framework Directive? Case study: Emscher Catchment
Authors: Seidel Michael , Li Fengqing , Winking Caroline , Sommerhäuser Mario , Lüderitz Volker 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMeasurement of restoration success is a challenge, especially in multiple‐stressed urban systems. Standard indicators for ecological assessment may be too robust to indicate small but continuous improvements. Thus, a standardized method of the European Water Framework Directive (EU WFD) is extended by additional samplings of macroinvertebrates in the urban Emscher catchment. The aim is to prove whether additional sampling adds value to interpretate restoration success. According to the EU WFD, the Emscher's ecological status and potential are mainly identified as good to moderate regarding biological components of macrophytes and macroinvertebrates, whereas bad regarding fish communities. The additional sampling improves the quality of the biological dataset, because twice as many species of macroinvertebrates are found compared to the WFD method. Hence, the additional sampling allows a stronger indication for community ordination, and community metrics describing diversity, dispersal, and feeding preferences as well as by disentangling the roles of environmental variables. Nevertheless, it is concluded that the standardized and simple WFD method is sufficient to capture the most relevant effects. However, if the budget is allowed and information on the species pool, nature conservation, or aspects of early indication are needed, it may be useful to implement an additional sampling of macroinvertebrates.
Genetic architecture of the high‐inorganic phosphate phenotype derived from a low‐phytate mutant in winter wheat
Authors: Venegas Jorge , Guttieri Mary J. , Boehm Jeffrey D. , Graybosch Robert , Bai Guihua , St. Amand Paul Craig , Palmer Nathan , Hussain Waseem , Blecha Sarah , Baenziger P. Stephen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPhytic acid (myo‐inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6‐hexakisphosphate) in grains and legumes reduces bioavailability and absorption of minerals in the gut via chelation of divalent minerals such as iron and zinc. In wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), a low‐phytate mutant (lpa1‐1), developed by ethyl methanesulfonate mutagenesis, was reported to reduce phytate in wheat grain by up to 35% and to elevate free inorganic phosphate (Pi). Little is known about the genetic architecture conditioning this high‐Pi (HIP) phenotype in wheat. Inheritance of the HIP phenotype was evaluated in three segregating populations developed with the lpa1‐1 derivative A02568WS‐A‐12‐10 as a common parent. Distinct genotypic classes were not identified in these populations. To identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) and develop molecular markers for the HIP phenotype, 171 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from a winter wheat cross ‘Danby’ × A02568WS‐A‐12‐10 were phenotyped for Pi concentration and genotyped by reduced‐representation sequencing. A total of 1,246 nonredundant, high‐quality single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were used to construct a linkage map spanning 3,272 cM. Two major‐effect QTL were identified on chromosomes 4D and 5A, accounting for 23 and 33% of the total phenotypic variation, respectively. Multiple interval mapping (MIM) identified synergistic additive × additive epistasis between these QTL, and the full MIM model accounted for 54% of the phenotypic variation in grain Pi. Ten candidate genes were identified within or in close proximity to the genomic locations of the QTL, five of which encode proteins within the inositol phosphate metabolism pathway. Site‐specific marker assays were developed for marker‐assisted breeding.
Issues and Opportunities Facing Aqueous Mn2+/MnO2‐based Batteries
Authors: Liu Zhexuan , Qin Liping , Lu Bingan , Wu Xianwen , Liang Shuquan , Zhou Jiang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAqueous Mn2+/MnO2‐based batteries have attracted enormous attentions in aqueous energy storage fields, owing to their high working voltage and theoretical capacity (616 mAh g−1) brought by the two‐electron reaction (Mn2+/Mn4+). However, there are currently several tricky challenges facing Mn2+/MnO2‐based batteries: their complicated working mechanisms, existing issues, and optimization strategies. This Perspective aims to provide a mechanistic understanding and an overview of the insufficiency, optimization, and future development for Mn2+/MnO2‐based batteries. The existing issues and deficiency in Mn2+/MnO2‐based batteries have been systematically analyzed, and optimization strategies have also been rationally summarized and discussed with deep insights. Also, the often‐overlooked optimized objects and aspects have been highlighted with unique perspectives. The proposals of testing methods and performance assessment are presented, containing different degradation mechanisms. Based on the above points, this Perspective will provide guidance and contribute to the further development of aqueous Mn2+/MnO2‐based batteries.
Single‐cell RNA‐seq reveals clonal diversity and prognostic genes of relapsed multiple myeloma
Authors: He Haiyan , Li Zifeng , Lu Jing , Qiang Wanting , Jiang Sihan , Xu Yaochen , Fu Weijun , Zhai Xiaowen , Zhou Lin , Qian Maoxiang , Du Juan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundMultiple myeloma (MM) is a clinically and biologically heterogeneous plasma‐cell malignancy. Despite extensive research, disease heterogeneity and relapse remain a big challenge in MM therapeutics. We tried to dissect this disease and identify novel biomarkers for patient stratification and treatment outcome prediction by applying single‐cell technology.MethodsWe performed single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) and variable‐diversity‐joining regions‐targeted sequencing (scVDJ‐seq) concurrently on bone marrow samples from a cohort of 18 patients with newly diagnosed MM (NDMM; n = 12) or refractory/relapsed MM (RRMM; n = 6). We analysed the malignant clonotypes using scVDJ‐seq data and conducted data integration and cell‐type annotation through the CCA algorithm based on gene expression profiling. Furthermore, we identified disease status‐specific genes and modules by comparison of NDMM and RRMM datasets and explored the findings in a larger MM cohort from the MMRF CoMMpass study.ResultsWe found that all the myeloma cells in either diagnosed or relapsed samples were dominated by a major clone, with a few subclones in several samples (n = 5). Next, we investigated the universal transcriptional features of myeloma cells and identified eight meta‐programs correlated with this disease, especially meta‐programs 1 and 8 (M1 and M8), which were the most significant and related to cell cycle and stress response, respectively. Furthermore, we classified the malignant plasma cells into eight clusters and found that the cell numbers in clusters 2/6/7 were exclusively higher in relapsed samples. Besides, we identified several attractive candidates for biomarkers (e.g. SMAD1 and STMN1) associated with disease progression and relapse in our dataset and related to overall survival in the CoMMpass dataset.ConclusionsOur data provide insights into the heterogeneity of MM as well as highlight the relevance of intra‐tumour heterogeneity and discover novel biomarkers that might be a potent therapy.
A novel nano‐immunotherapeutic remodels the immune landscape of malignant pleural effusion: Insights into its mechanism of action through single‐cell RNA‐sequencing
Authors: Liu Yang , Zhao Dawen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractClinical evidence indicates that the microenvironment in malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is immunologically cold, which impairs tumour immunosurveillance and antitumor immune response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). In a recent issue of Nature Nanotechnology, Liu et al. demonstrate a new nanotechnological approach to effectively mitigate the immune cold MPE and provide insights into its mechanism of action through single‐cell RNA‐sequencing.
Benzimidazole‐carbamate anthelmintics: Perspective candidates for the anticancer drug development
Authors: Prasher Parteek , Sharma Mousmee 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCellular oncogenesis involves a complex interplay between the several synchronized, interdependent pathways that collectively determine the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of cancer. Limited therapeutic success with the existing anticancer drugs drew huge interest in the design and development of new pharmacophores with improved clinical efficacy, however despite huge investments in anticancer RD; the average number of Food and Drug Administration‐approved anticancer drugs declined since the 1990s. The contemporary anticancer medications possess high attrition rates, bear substantial costs, and experience low efficacy owing to the drug resistance expressed by the aggressive tumors. Mainly, the translation of novel candidate anticancer drugs into clinical practice, their commercialization, and transformation from the bench to bedside require a long timeframe of 10–15 years and capital worth millions of dollars. The repurposing strategy substantially accelerated the anticancer drug development regime as the approved drugs with tested safety and efficacy ensure a minimal risk of failure, and nominal R&D expenses as anticipated for the newly identified candidate drugs yet to enter the clinical trials. In addition, the repurposed drugs ensure a rapid clinical translation due to a validated clinical profile and their ability to target the identified hallmarks and hitherto unknown vulnerabilities of cancer. The flagship project “Repurposing Drugs in Oncology” (ReDO) identified 268 “hard repurposing” noncancer medications as candidate drugs with a promising anticancer profile (https://www.anticancerfund.org/en/redo-db). However, the generic profile of 84% of repurposed drugs in ReDO data set discourages the commercial sponsors from funding the repurposing trials, especially the Phase III efficacy trials that require significant capital.
A spectral analysis of stem bark for boreal and temperate tree species
Authors: Juola Jussi , Hovi Aarne , Rautiainen Miina 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe woody material of forest canopies has a significant effect on the total forest reflectance and on the interpretation of remotely sensed data, yet research on the spectral properties of bark has been limited. We developed a novel measurement setup for acquiring stem bark reflectance spectra in field conditions, using a mobile hyperspectral camera. The setup was used for stem bark reflectance measurements of ten boreal and temperate tree species in the visible (VIS) to near‐infrared (NIR) (400–1000 nm) wavelength region. Twenty trees of each species were measured, constituting a total of 200 hyperspectral reflectance images. The mean bark spectra of species were similar in the VIS region, and the interspecific variation was largest in the NIR region. The intraspecific variation of bark spectra was high for all studied species from the VIS to the NIR region. The spectral similarity of our study species did not correspond to the general phylogenetic lineages. The hyperspectral reflectance images revealed that the distributions of per‐pixel reflectance values within images were species‐specific. The spectral library collected in this study contributes toward building a comprehensive understanding of the spectral diversity of forests needed not only in remote sensing applications but also in, for example, biodiversity or land surface modeling studies.