bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The air pollution tradeoff in India: Saving more lives versus reducing the inequality of exposure
Authors: Sankar Ashwini , Goodkind Andrew , Coggins Jay 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Chronic exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) represents one of the largest global public health risks, leading to millions of premature deaths annually. For a country facing high and spatially variable exposures, prioritizing where to reduce PM2.5 concentrations leads to an inherent tradeoff between saving the most lives and reducing inequality of exposure. This tradeoff results from the shape of the concentration-response function between exposure to PM2.5 and mortality, which indicates that the additional lives saved per unit reduction in PM2.5 declines as concentrations increase. We estimate this concentration-response function for urban areas of India, finding that a 10 unit reduction in PM2.5 in already-clean locations will reduce the mortality rate substantially (4.2% for a reduction from 30 to 20 µgm-3), while a 10 unit reduction in the dirtiest locations will reduce mortality only modestly (1.2% for a reduction from 90 to 80 µgm-3). We explore the implications of this PM2.5/mortality relationship by considering a thought experiment. If India had a fixed amount of resources to devote to PM2.5 concentration reductions across urban areas, what is the lives saved/inequality of exposure tradeoff from three different methods of employing those resources? Across our three scenarios—1) which reduces exposures for the dirtiest districts, 2) which reduces exposures everywhere equally, and 3) which reduces exposures to save the most lives—scenario 1 saves 18,000 lives per year while reducing the inequality of exposure by 65%, while scenario 3 saves 126,000 lives per year, but increases inequality by 19%.
A Non-Endemic Analysis of the Patterns and Prognosis of De Novo Metastatic Nasopharyngeal Carcinomas in Old Patients Aged ≥65 years
Authors: Liu Baoqiu , Zhang Mingxing , Cao Yanqing , Wang Zhe , Wang Xicheng 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the prognostic factors related to overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) in patients with de novo metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) aged ≥65 years in non-endemic areas. The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was queried for elderly patients with M1 stage NPC at initial diagnosis between 2004 and 2016. This study examined 100 patients and evaluated the relationship of gender, age, race, pathological grade, T stage, N stage, number of primary tumors, site of metastasis, number of metastatic organs, and other related factors with OS and CSS. The median survival and follow-up time were 10 and 48 months, respectively. The survival curves of race, N stage, bone metastasis, radiation, and chemotherapy significantly affected OS on the log-rank test. Race, bone metastasis, and chemotherapy were independent prognostic factors of OS. Bone metastasis was associated with poor survival. The survival curves of CSS were significantly differed between races, the number of primary tumors, and bone metastasis. In Cox regression multivariate analysis, only the number of primary tumors had an independent effect on prognosis. This study revealed that chemotherapy prolonged survival in elderly patients with metastatic NPC, whereas bone metastasis shortened survival.
Compound Dragon’s blood capsule alleviates the degree of myocardial ischemia by improving inflammation and oxidative stress
Authors: Lyu Xinkai , Chang Xinyue , Mi Xiao , Hu Meigeng , Yu Yue , Wang Jichen , Hu Songmou , Chen Xi , Li Yihang , Lu Juan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Compound Dragon's blood capsule (CDC) is a patent medicine mainly composed of dragon’s blood (Dracaena cochinchinensis (Lour.) S. C. Chen), notoginseng (Parmx notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen) and borneol (C10H18O) for the treatment of stabilize coronary heart disease (CHD) and myocardial ischemia (MI). This paper is to investigate the anti-myocardial ischemia properties of CDC both in vivo and vitro.Methods: The fingerprint of CDC was established by UPLC-Q/TOF-MS. The hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) model was established by using H9c2 cells. The levels of LDH, SOD and MDA were detected by colorimetric method. Moreover, the MI model of rats was established by isoprenaline hydrochloride (ISO), the mortality rate was recorded, the changes in J point of electrocardiogram were determined, the expressions of the myocardial markers, oxidative stress markers (CK, CK-MB, LDH and SOD) and inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, IL-1β and NO) in serum were detected. Results: The fingerprint of CDC was established and 10 mainly active components were identified: 7,4'-dihydroxyflavone, resveratrol, loureirin A, loureirin B, pterostilbene were identified from Dragon's blood, notoginsenoside R1, ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Rb1, oleanolic acid, ginsenoside Rd were identified from notoginseng. In vitro study, CDC significantly improved H9c2 cell viability and SOD level (P < 0.05), decreased LDH and MDA level (P < 0.05). In vivo study, CDC increased survival rate and SOD level of serum, decreased J-point of ECG, CK-MB, LDH, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10 level (P < 0.05).Conclusions: CDC had a significant anti-myocardial ischemia effect by alleviating inflammation and oxidative stress, suggesting that CDC is a suitable adjuvent to treat CHD, dragon’s blood has the prospect of developing other new drugs.
Arabidopsis cyclophilins direct plasmodesmata-targeting of mobile mRNA via organelle hitchhiking
Authors: Luo Kai-Ren , Huang Nien-Chen , Chang Yu-Hsin , Yu Tien-Shin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Plants selectively transport mobile mRNAs through intercellular pores, plasmodesmata (PD), to distribute spatial information for synchronizing meristematic differentiation with environmental dynamics. However, how plants recognize and deliver mobile mRNAs to PD remains unknown. Here, by using RNA-live cell imaging, we show that mobile mRNAs hitchhike on organelle trafficking to transport to PD. Perturbed cytoskeleton organization or organelle trafficking severely disrupts the subcellular distribution of mobile mRNAs. We further show that Arabidopsis rotamase cyclophilins (ROCs), which are organelle-localized RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), specifically bind mobile mRNAs on the surface of organelles to direct PD-targeting. Arabidopsis roc quadruple mutants showed reduced in PD-targeting of mobile mRNAs, along with phenotype alterations. ROCs can move intercellularly and form RNA-protein complexes in phloem, suggesting the roles of ROCs in delivery of mobile mRNAs through PD. Our results highlight that an RBP-mediated hitchhiking system is purposely recruited to orient plant-mobile mRNAs to PD for intercellular transport.
The Quality Of Cluster Randomized Controlled Trials Of Pediatrics Should Be Improved: An Integrative Literature Review
Authors: Lan Hui , Wang Jianjian , Wu Shouyuan , Guo Qiangqiang , Wang Ping , Zhang Juanjuan , Zhao Siya , Liu Xiao , Liu Xingrong , Chen Yaolong 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: The number of cluster Randomized Controlled Trials (cRCTs) have been increasing and application in pediatrics is also growing. However, we did not know the quality of cRCTs in pediatrics and no previous study has comprehensively analyzed cRCTs in pediatrics. To investigate the status of cRCTs in pediatrics and analyzed influencing factors of the methodological quality.Methods: Through a search of 10 highest-impact-factor journals from PEDIATRICS and MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL, we identified cRCTs published from 1 January 2015 to 7 June 2020. The associations between study factors and grade of ROB (Risk of Bias) quality were analyzed by Pearson’s chi-squared test.Results: A total of 73 cRCTs were included. For the number of cRCTs, it has fluctuated in the past five years. For the International Classification of Diseases Eleventh Revision (ICD-11), 34.2% cRCTs could not be classified, of which more focused on vaccines; 15.1% cRCTs were classified into "X Extension Codes", of which more focused on vaccines and school bullying. For research settings, studies were concentrated in schools, communities, hospitals, clinics, and kindergartens, of which schools (36.5%) were the most. The number of clusters ranged from 1 to 1533 (M=28) and the participants ranged from 135 to 190,238 (M=1903). For the results of ROB assessment, 31 cRCTs were in high-quality, 28 were in low-quality, and 14 were unclear. The majority of cRCTs provided flow diagrams (87.8%), registered (98.6%), and made a distinction between primary and secondary outcomes (86.5%).Conclusions: The further improvement of the quality of cRCTs in pediatrics is needed, particularly in the terms of randomization, allocation concealment, and blinding. Writing and publishing the protocol can enhance transparency. Comply with of CONSORT statement for future studies is needed.
Improvement and Evaluation of a Parameterization Scheme for Assessing Dust Devils as Dust Emission in the Northern Margin of the Taklimakan Desert
Authors: Ma Mingjie , Yang Xinghua , He Qing , Mamtimin Ali 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Based on meteorological and dust devil intensification observation data in the desert transition zone of the Xiaotang region in the northern margin of the Taklimakan Desert, and combined with GPS sounding in the hinterland of the Taklimakan Desert, this study investigated the improvement and evaluation of the dust devil parameterization scheme. The results indicate that the thermodynamic efficiency of dust devils after improvement was significantly higher than that before improvement, improving the values by 84.7%, 63.9%, 25.6%, 13.3%, 12.5%, 22.7%, 26.6%, 26.9%, and 21.4% for the hourly intervals from 09:00–17:00, respectively. The annual occurrence of dust devils after improvement was 431 times, 55.2% more than before improvement. The correlation coefficients of convective boundary layer height after improvement was 0.96, higher than that before improvement (0.908). After the improvement, the total annual dust emission time was 181.3 h, 95.9% less than that calculated using the day length before improvement, and 31.8% more than that calculated using sunshine time before improvement. After the improvement, the average vertical dust flux of a single dust devil was 0.25 m2/s, 68.8% less than that before improvement. After the improvement, the average annual dust emission from dust devils per square kilometer was 15.3 t/km2, significantly lower than the value of 320.5 t/km2 before the improvement, approximately one-twentieth of the value.
Deconstructive Cycloaromatization Strategy towards N,O-Bidentate Ligands and Their Four-Coordinate Organoboron Complexes
Authors: Zhou Jinlei , Shi Xiaotian , Zheng Huitao , Chen Guangxian , Zhang Chen , Liu Xiang , Cao Hua 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The innovative construction of novel N,O-bidentate ligands and N,O π-conjugated four-coordinate organoboron complexes represent a long-standing challenge for chemists. Here, we report an unprecedented and straightforward approach for the construction of N,O-bidentate ligands and their organoboron complexes via the merge of ring deconstruction with cycloaromatization of indolizines and cyclopropenones. Without any catalysts, our method is able to deliver a series of polyaryl 2-(pyridin-2-yl)phenol ligands, N,O π-conjugated organoboron (BF2 and BAr2) complexes with good functional-group compatibility which are difficult or even impossible to synthesize with previous methods. Importantly, the formed N,O-bidentate ligands were easy to scale up and derive with valuable drugs and active molecules. In addition, the photoluminescence measurements and the HOMO/LUMO gap have been investigated, the results have revealed that N,O π-conjugated tetracoordinate boron complexes display bright fluorescence, large Stokes shifts, and good quantum yields (Φlum = 0.15–0.45). The method proposed by the paper will inspire the development of various N,O-bidentate metal and boron complexes, which is expected to move the area of catalysis chemistry and material science forward.
Granisetron Augmentation of Sertraline in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Ghobadian Ala , Mokhtari Saba , Shariati Behnam , Kamalzadeh Leila , Shati Mohsen , Ardebili Mehrdad Eftekhar , Yarahmadi Masoomeh , Shalbafan Mohammadreza 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Medications currently recommended for the treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) usually relieve the severity of symptoms by as much as 20–30%, and satisfactory treatment is obtained in 40–60% of patients with OCD. Nevertheless, the remaining symptoms continue to impair the patients’ function. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate possible strategies to improve the mitigation of symptoms.In this study, the main objective was to examine and investigate the effectiveness of granisetron, which is a serotonin 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor type 3 (5-HT3) antagonist, as an adjunct therapy to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, for the purpose of ameliorating OCD symptoms. Methods: fifty-eight patients diagnosed with OCD, based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) criteria, who had a Yale-Brown obsessive-compulsive scale (Y-BOCS) score of more than 21 were recruited in a double-blinded, parallel-group, placebo-controlled, clinical trial of 10 weeks to receive either granisetron (1 mg twice daily) and sertraline (100 mg daily initially followed by 200 mg daily after week 4) or placebo and sertraline. The primary outcome was OCD symptoms measured by the Y-BOCS.Results: Y-BOCS total score significantly dropped in both groups (28.9 to 17.7 for granisetron and 27.5 to 19.3 for placebo group with a slightly greater drop for granisetron group), while the granisetron group experienced a significantly greater reduction in obsession scores (Greenhouse-Geisser F(2.32,97.57)=4.52,p-value=0.01). Moreover, in comparison with the placebo group, the proportion of the patients showing complete response was considerably higher among the granisetron group (P-value <0.01). No major adverse effects were observed in any of the groups. Conclusion: The results suggest that granisetron augmentation of sertraline may increase the rate of response in patients with moderate to severe non-refractory OCD. Further studies are suggested in this regard.Trial registration: The trial was registered at the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials on 27/03/2019 (www.irct.ir; IRCT ID: IRCT20170123032145N3).
Impact of The Ageing on Oxidant/Antioxidant Balance And Hematology of Indigenous Cow and Its Amelioration by Ascorbic Acid
Authors: Krishnappa Kavitha , DIMRI UMESH , KARUNANITHY MAHENDRAN , SINGH SHANKER K. , CHAUDHARY ALOK KUMAR , GAUR GYANENDRA KUMAR , SINGH GYANENDRA , PANDE MEGHA , Joshi Vivek , Verma Med Ram , Gowda Harini Kallambella Ramakrishne , Angmo Stanzin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Ageing is a complex biological process of all flora and fauna. It leads to a gradual reduction in the ability to maintain homeostasis under internal physiological and external environmental stresses, hence reducing the viability of individual's and increasing their vulnerability to diseases. The objective of this study was to investigate the alteration in the oxidant /antioxidant balance and hematology in four different age group of indigenous Tharparkar cattle and its amelioration by ascorbic acid. A total 24 female Tharparkar cattle were included and were categorized into 4 groups of six cows in each group. Animals below 1 year-age were kept in group I, between 1 to 8 year-age in group II, between 8-10 year-age in group III and above 10 year-age in group IV. The oxidant/antioxidant markers (LPO, SOD, GSH, GPX and catalase activity) and haematological panels (Hb, TEC, TLC, Platelet and DLC) were determined on day 0, before ascorbic acid supplementation, and on day 6, 12, 18 and 24 post ascorbic acid supplementation. In the present study LPO and SOD levels were significantly (P < 0.05) increased with the ageing. GSH and GPX activities significantly (P < 0.05) decreased with ageing in different age groups. Variations in hematological parameters were also observed with ageing in different age groups. The geriatric cattle (> 10 years) exhibited remarkable alteration in oxidative stress indices, and haematological panels when compared to other groups. Supplementation of ascorbic acid reduced the oxidative stress and improved hemoglobin, PCV, TEC and TLC levels. From the findings of this study, it can be inferred that administration of ascorbic acid is helpful in ameliorating altered oxidant/antioxidant balance and hematological parameters with ageing in various age groups of cattle.
Six-month outcomes of an integrated primary care prevention and management program for chronic low back pain (LBP)
Authors: Ahmed Sara , Visca Regina , Gogovor Amede , Eilayyan Owis , Finlayson Roderick , Valois Marie-France , Ware Mark A. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Accessible interdisciplinary, patient-centered and integrated primary care programs for chronic pain are needed for averting chronicity and improving patient outcomes. We sought 1) to develop an interdisciplinary low back pain (LBP) primary care program, and 2) to evaluate the program’s implementation and impact on patients’ physical and mental health over 6 months. A quasi-experimental pre-test/post-test design was used, and participants completed baseline, 3 and 6 months post-intervention evaluations. Referral and program process indicators were measured.
Methods
Clinically meaningful change in patient reported outcome measures of pain interference and intensity, physical function, depression and anxiety were defined a priori and evaluated. A multilevel regression analysis was performed to evaluate the impact of the program on change in individuals’ pain interference over 6 months.
Results
Forty six percent of participants were seen within 60 days of referral to the LBP program, and 464 individuals completed the program. The majority (≥ 60%) experienced a clinically meaningful improvement for pain intensity and interference at six months. A greater proportion of those with moderate (71%) or high risk (81%) of chronicity showed an improvement in pain interference than those with low risk (51%). A similar pattern emerged for depression and self-efficacy, but not for anxiety. Significant predictors of improvements in pain interference included higher prognostic risk of chronicity, younger age, sex, and lower baseline disability.
Conclusion
Results supported an improvement in participants’ confidence to manage their LBP. Future research will compare alternative modes of delivery (e.g. telehealth) and stratification approaches to further tailor resources to individuals’ needs.
Immune infiltration and a ferroptosis-related gene signature for predicting the prognosis of patients with cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Wang Zhijian , Chen Xuenuo , Jiang Zheng 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Cholangiocarcinoma (CHOL) is a digestive tract tumor with high malignancy and poor prognosis and is extremely challenging to treat. At present, induced cell death holds great promise in tumor therapy. Ferroptosis is a recently proposed pattern of programmed cell death, and numerous studies have shown that it is intimately involved in tumors. However, the roles of differentially expressed ferroptosis-related genes (DEFRGs) in CHOL have not been investigated.
Methods
Our study was based on the The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, DEFRGs were obtained to construct a prognostic riskScore model of CHOL by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Subsequently, the model was evaluated by nomogram construction, survival analysis, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and exploration of the immune microenvironment, and the mRNA and protein expression levels of each gene in the model were validated by Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR).
Results
We screened four DEFRGs from the TCGA database to construct a prognostic model. The construction of a nomogram confirmed the predictive value of the model for overall survival (OS), and it was confirmed to have high diagnostic value by ROC analysis. The GSEA results suggested that these genes were mainly enriched in ferroptosis- and metabolism-related pathways. Finally, our experimental results validated the expression levels of the four DEFRGs, which were almost consistent with our bioinformatics results.
Conclusion
Our study found that the prognostic model showed extremely high diagnostic and prognostic value and could predict the possibility of immunotherapy, thus providing a new direction for individualized treatment of patients with CHOL.
ANCA-Associated Vasculitis with Cardiac Valve Vegetations in Two Teenage Males: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Theisen Alexandra , Rodriguez Martha 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis is a term used to describe systemic vasculitides that affect small and medium-sized blood vessels. The three types of ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) are Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (GPA), formerly Wegener’s granulomatosis , Microscopic Polyangiitis (MPA), and Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (EGPA), formerly Churg-Strauss, with clinical presentation most frequently involving the respiratory tract, the kidney, the skin and the joints. ANCA-associated vasculitis is rare in children, with estimated prevalence of 3-4 per million, and even more rare is the manifestation of cardiac abnormalities secondary to ANCA-associated vasculitis in the pediatric population. Case Presentation: We present the cases of two teenage males who presented with cardiac valvular lesions secondary to Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis in addition to sinus, pulmonary, renal, and cutaneous involvement. These findings of cardiac valvular abnormalities in GPA have rarely been described in the literature in pediatrics. Both patients were treated with rituximab, high-dose methylprednisolone, and plasma exchange (PLEX) and showed improvement in their disease manifestations. Conclusions: A review of the literature revealed only five pediatric cases of ANCA-associated vasculitis with cardiac manifestations, and interestingly, three of the five had valvular involvement. Subsequent valvular involvement makes obtaining the diagnosis of ANCA-Associated Vasculitis very difficult due to concern for underlying infectious endocarditis and can lead to misdiagnosis given the rarity of cardiac involvement in ANCA-associated vasculitis. Routine echocardiogram is not always completed in newly diagnosed GPA, yet cardiac involvement can lead to severe consequences as was seen with our first patient in the form of thromboembolic stroke. We discuss the importance of keeping AAV on the differential when cardiac lesions are present as well as the importance of regular cardiac screening in newly diagnosed patients with AAV, as it is a major factor of cardiac morbidity and mortality in the adult population and can contribute substantially to management decisions.