bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
1,3‐Dichloro‐2‐propanol induced ferroptosis through Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway in hepatocytes
Authors: Guan Shuang , Zhang Ranran , Zhao Yanan , Meng Zhuoqun , Lu Jing 
Published: July 2022

Abstract1,3‐Dichloro‐2‐propanol (1,3‐DCP) is a representative chloropropane environmental contaminant with multiple toxicities. Ferroptosis is a novel iron‐dependent form of regulated cell death that is closely associated with the accumulation of lipid peroxides, Fe2+ and reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study, we found that 1,3‐DCP could induce mouse liver injury via ferroptosis. Administrating of C57BL/6J mice with 12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg 1,3‐DCP for 4 weeks via oral gavage, the data showed that 1,3‐DCP exposure led to the pathological changes in mouse livers, remarkably induced accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and Iron, reduction of glutathione (GSH), and changed in the expression of ferroptosis marker proteins glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and acyl‐CoA synthetase‐4 (ACSL4). Then, we also proved the results with HepG2 cells in vitro. The data showed that treatment 1,3‐DCP significantly triggered the ferroptosis in vitro. Furthermore, we found that the ferroptosis‐related signal pathways were significantly activated in mice livers and HepG2 cells in response to 1,3‐DCP exposure. The data showed that 1,3‐DCP induced ferroptosis by inhibiting nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) translocation into nuclear and thereby suppressing the expression of its downstream target proteins including GPX4, ferritin heavy chain (FTH), ferroportin (FPN), cystine/glutamate transporter xCT (SLC7A11), and heme oxygenase 1 (HO‐1). Taken together, our findings confirmed that 1,3‐DCP induced ferroptosis via the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway in hepatocytes. Our works provide new toxicity mechanisms of 1,3‐DCP with ferroptosis on hepatocytes injury.
Effect of benzo[a]pyrene on proliferation and metastasis of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells: A transcriptome analysis based onRNA‐seq
Authors: He Hanyi , Huang Yixing , Lu Yueyue , Wang Xinlu , Ni Haifeng , Wu Yihua , Xia Dajing , Ye Dong , Ding Jinwang , Mao Yanjiao , Teng Yaoshu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBenzo[a]pyrene (BaP), a representative polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compound, is a carcinogen that causes head and neck cancers. Despite intensive research, the molecular mechanism of BaP in the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains largely unknown. In the present study, the SCC‐9 human OSCC cell line was cultured in vitro, separated into treatment groups, and treated with dimethyl sulfoxide or BaP at various concentrations. The malignant behavior ascribed to the BaP treatment was investigated by cell proliferation, clony formation assay, and Transwell assays. Furthermore, transcriptome sequencing was performed to detect the differentially expressed genes, followed by quantitative real‐time PCR to measure the expression levels of nine of these genes. Moreover, the Gene Ontology (GO) term and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses showed the biological processes and signaling pathways in which the target genes were involved. Significant effects on SCC‐9 cell proliferation, tumorigenicity, cell migration, and invasion were observed after exposure to 8 μM BaP. Additional results revealed that BaP inhibited apoptosis in a dose‐dependent manner. The transcriptome sequencing results showed 137 upregulated genes and 135 downregulated genes induced by BaP, associated with tumor‐related biological processes and signaling pathways, mainly including transcriptional dysregulation in cancer, the tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway, metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450, mitogen‐activated protein kinase signaling pathway, and so forth. Our study demonstrates that BaP may regulate the expression of certain genes involved in tumor‐associated signaling pathways, thereby promoting the proliferative, tumorigenic, and metastatic behaviors of OSCC cells while suppressing their apoptosis.
Complete tracheal obstruction during anaesthesia for ventral slot decompression surgery in a dog
Authors: Murray Andrew G. , Murison Pamela J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAn 8‐year‐old, female Yorkshire terrier presented to the neurology department with a 3‐month history of progressive ambulatory tetraparesis. A diagnosis of intervertebral disc protrusions at the levels of C3–C4 and C6–C7 was made using magnetic resonance imaging. Ventral slot decompressive surgery was carried out at both sites. When accessing the C6–C7 disc space, placement of Gelpi retractors resulted in complete tracheal obstruction, characterised by an absence of end tidal carbon dioxide measurement. This occurred in conjunction with the cessation of abdominal and thoracic respiratory movement despite the use of positive pressure ventilation. Removal of the Gelpi retractors resolved the tracheal occlusion and permitted the resumption of ventilatory support. To facilitate this surgical approach, the trachea was reintubated with a longer endotracheal tube to protect the patency of the airway. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of tracheal obstruction as a complication of a ventral slot procedure.
Why the Automation of Regulation Can Obstruct Business Processes
Authors: Holderer Julius 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe growing regulatory pressure on increasingly digitized businesses, for example to combat the growing number of corporate fraud cases, can have an obstructive effect on the execution of automated business processes. Such security-related obstructions occur when the implementation of regulations, that is, the enforcement of so-called safety properties, blocks the execution of business processes – in particular, the so-called liveness property of process completion. Those obstructions exemplify the conflicting goals between business processes and classic IT security.Automation is no panacea against regulation acting obstructive. Adequate and effective application of regulation builds the basis against fraud. However, there is no way to avoid automation when IT methods are used to generate competitive advantages. An obstruction results from introducing IT security on business processes, particularly authorization and further security policies such as separation of duties. This chapter leads to this problem and describes how to widen this restricted behavior of business processes resulting from security controls to the broader scope that compliance provides as part of corporate governance. By handling obstructions, security in business processes is supposed to be improved. For this purpose, an indicator-based view of security that extends the classic IT security controls will be introduced.
Security-Related Obstructability in Process-Aware Information Systems
Authors: Holderer Julius 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis chapter examines the state of the art with regard to security-related obstructability in process-aware information systems, such as workflow satisfiability and resilience. Thereby, requirements for analyzing, detecting, and handling obstructions will be derived along the phases resulting from the enforcement of security properties and the business process management lifecycle. Besides introducing the notion of “obstructability” and “completability” of security-aware workflows, various possibilities of how, in particular, logs can be used to obtain indicators will be examined.
Obstruction Modeling
Authors: Holderer Julius 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObstructions exemplify the conflicting goals between business processes and classic IT security. The SecANet approach presented in this chapter will allow putting this field of tension into a well-founded, formal representation of security-aware processes that opens up acting within a security-sensitive realm of maneuver. The SecANet encoding will create an extendable framework that addresses workflow obstructions and will support their comprehensive analysis and handling.This chapter builds the central part of the thesis. In addressing the requirements for obstructability analysis (see Chapter 2), it is primarily concerned with the modeling of obstructions in security-aware workflows. For this, it will first explore the ways to model processes, in particular, the modeling of the control flow. Based on the selection of an ordinary Petri net model (P/T net) as the method of modeling, a security-aware Petri net representation, the SecANet, will be developed. The general idea of the SecANet modeling is to “flatten” the organizational aspect of a security-aware process specification that subsumes the process model and the policy specification into the model representing the functional and behavioral aspects. That way, a so-called “obstruction marking” can identify and capture obstructions. Moreover, indicators can be assigned to the task- and policy-related Petri net elements as costs. For the evaluation of the SecANet approach, its Petri net-specific properties will be investigated. Moreover, the formal correctness of the SecANet method will be proven by examining the behavioral preservation of the original inputs (i.e., language preservation). To take cyclic workflow behavior into account, the concept of policy re-enactment will add cyclic functionality to the so-far acyclic SecANet encoding. The developed SecANet formalism can be regarded as a target metamodel of security-aware process specifications that creates a basis for further analysis. Accordingly, it will subsume SecANet-based satisfiability and obstructability checks as SecANet soundness and show further extensions to facilitate analysis. An experimental evaluation will compare soundness checking runtimes with typical satisfiability-related approaches. The discussion will then examine the computational complexity of the SecANet encoding and sketch possibilities for extensions. With the introduction of SecANet+, the integration of additional inputs that further constrain the execution of tasks, for instance, counting constraints or user absence (resilience), will be made possible.
OLive-M: A SecANet Use Case for Model-Based Obstruction Solving
Authors: Holderer Julius 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe OLive-M approach in this chapter and the OLive-L approach in Chapter 5 will illustrate how the SecANet approach presented in Chapter 3 can be applied to handle and resolve obstructions based on a process model or a process log, respectively. In order to complete the workflow in that context, based on indicators captured as costs, a certain yet still compliant degree of violation of safety properties is tolerated. The solutions allow for additional, eventually live, process execution sequences because they widen the behavioral framework restricted by classic IT security in a security-sensitive way. In order to address the requirements for specification-based completability (as identified in Chapter 2), this chapter proposes a model-based technique to complete obstructions based on the SecANet encoding. Thereby, the OLive-M approach will interpret the question how to complete an obstructed process as an optimization problem. Based on the examination of suitable methods, an integer linear programming model that optimizes the SecANet marking equation and its security-sensitive costs will realize the OLive-M approach as a way to deal with obstructions. For evaluation, a set of example models will be generated using sample models with different degrees of complexity. Experiments based on these inputs will empirically show characteristics and functionality of the proposed approach. In contrast to the exhaustive exploration of all possible markings (i.e., computing the marking graph), the experimental evaluation will underline the “lightness” of this technique to resolve obstructions. The discussion will then indicate how the approach can be used to also analyze satisfiability or resilience.
Designing Online Learning for Children and Youth
Authors: Borup Jered , Archambault Leanna 
Published: July 2022

AbstractStudents at the primary and secondary levels are increasingly enrolling in online courses either to supplement or completely replace their in-person courses. While there are benefits to learning online, they come at a cost, and students are less likely to pass their online courses compared to their in-person courses. In this chapter, we share two frameworks. We share the 4Es framework that highlights how online courses should be designed to enable, extend, engage, and elevate student learning. However, a well-designed course is not enough, and most students will require support from others to be successful. For this reason, we also share the Academic Communities of Engagement (ACE) framework that highlights the supports that can increase a student’s affective, behavioral, and cognitive engagement. The ACE framework identifies actors within the student’s personal community and course community who can provide students with the support that they require.
Testing our understanding of SCFTs: a catalogue of rank-2 $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2 theories in four dimensions
Authors: Martone Mario 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In this paper we begin mapping out the space of rank-2 $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 superconformal field theories (SCFTs) in four dimensions. This represents an ideal set of theories which can be potentially classified using purely quantum field-theoretic tools, thus providing a precious case study to probe the completeness of the current understanding of SCFTs, primarily derived from string theory constructions. Here, we collect and systematize a large amount of field theoretic data characterizing each theory. We also provide a detailed description of each case and determine the theories’ Coulomb, Higgs and Mixed branch stratification. The theories naturally organize themselves into series connected by RG flows but which have gaps suggesting that our current understanding is not complete.
Global anomalies in 8d supergravity
Authors: Lee Yasunori , Yonekura Kazuya 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We study gauge and gravitational anomalies of fermions and 2-form fields on eight-dimensional spin manifolds. Possible global gauge anomalies are classified by spin bordism groups $$ {\varOmega}_9^{\mathrm{spin}}(BG) $$

Ω
9
spin

BG

which we determine by spectral sequence techniques, and we also identify their explicit generator manifolds. It turns out that a fermion in the adjoint representation of any simple Lie group, and a gravitino in 8d$$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 supergravity theory, have anomalies. We discuss how a 2-form field, which also appears in supergravity, produces anomalies which cancel against these fermion anomalies in a certain class of supergravity theories. In another class of theories, the anomaly of the gravitino is not cancelled by the 2-form field, but by topological degrees of freedom. It gives a restriction on the topology of spacetime manifolds which is not visible at the level of differential-form analysis.
Muonphilic dark matter explanation of gamma-ray galactic center excess: a comprehensive analysis
Authors: Abdughani Murat , Fan Yi-Zhong , Lu Chih-Ting , Tang Tian-Peng , Tsai Yue-Lin Sming 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The Galactic center gamma-ray excess (GCE) is a long-standing unsolved problem. One of candidate solutions, the dark matter (DM) annihilation, has been recently tested with other astrophysical observations, such as AMS-02 electron-positron spectra, Fermi Dwarf spheroidal galaxies gamma-ray data, and so on. By assuming that the DM particles annihilate purely into a normal charged fermion pair, Di Mauro and Winkle (2021) claimed that only a muon-pair is compatible with the null detection of all the corresponding astrophysical measurements and can explain GCE simultaneously. On the other hand, a muonphilic DM model may also lead to a signal in the recent Fermilab muon g − 2 measurement or be constrained by the latest PandaX-4T limit. In this work, we comprehensively study interactions between DM and muon, including various combinations of DM and mediator spins. In agreement with GCE (not only 2μ but also 4μ final states), we test these interactions against all the thermal DM constraints. Our results show that only the parameter space near the resonance region of mediator can explain GCE and relic density simultaneously, and larger parameter spaces are still allowed if other poorly-known systematic uncertainties are included. Regardless of the DM spin, only the interactions with the spin-0 mediator can explain the recent muon g − 2 excess on top of GCE, relic density, and other DM and mediator constraints.
Disentangling long and short distances in momentum-space TMDs
Authors: Ebert Markus A. , Michel Johannes K. L. , Stewart Iain W. , Sun Zhiquan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The extraction of nonperturbative TMD physics is made challenging by prescriptions that shield the Landau pole, which entangle long- and short-distance contributions in momentum space. The use of different prescriptions then makes the comparison of fit results for underlying nonperturbative contributions not meaningful on their own. We propose a model-independent method to restrict momentum-space observables to the perturbative domain. This method is based on a set of integral functionals that act linearly on terms in the conventional position-space operator product expansion (OPE). Artifacts from the truncation of the integral can be systematically pushed to higher powers in ΛQCD/kT. We demonstrate that this method can be used to compute the cumulative integral of TMD PDFs over $$ {k}_T\le {k}_T^{\mathrm{cut}} $$

k
T

≤

k
T
cut

in terms of collinear PDFs, accounting for both radiative corrections and evolution effects. This yields a systematic way of correcting the naive picture where the TMD PDF integrates to a collinear PDF, and for unpolarized quark distributions we find that when renormalization scales are chosen near $$ {k}_T^{\mathrm{cut}} $$

k
T
cut

, such corrections are a percent-level effect. We also show that, when supplemented with experimental data and improved perturbative inputs, our integral functionals will enable model-independent limits to be put on the non-perturbative OPE contributions to the Collins-Soper kernel and intrinsic TMD distributions.
Doubly peaked induced stochastic gravitational wave background: testing baryogenesis from primordial black holes
Authors: Bhaumik Nilanjandev , Ghoshal Anish , Lewicki Marek 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Hawking evaporation of primordial black holes (PBHs) can facilitate the generation of matter-antimatter asymmetry. We focus on ultra-low mass PBHs that briefly dominate the universe and evaporate before the big bang nucleosynthesis. We propose a novel test of this scenario by detecting its characteristic doubly peaked gravitational wave (GW) spectrum in future GW observatories. Here the first order adiabatic perturbation from inflation and from the isocurvature perturbations due to PBH distribution, source tensor perturbations in second-order and lead to two peaks in the induced GW background. These resonant peaks are generated at the beginning of standard radiation domination in the presence of a prior PBH-dominated era. This unique GW spectral shape would provide a smoking gun signal of non-thermal baryogenesis from evaporating PBHs, which is otherwise impossible to test in laboratory experiments due to the very high energy scales involved or the feeble interaction of the dark sector with the visible sector.
Stringballs and Planckballs for dark matter
Authors: Mo Zhongyou , de Paula Netto Tibério , Burzillà Nicolò , Modesto Leonardo 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
As a follow up of the seminal work by Guiot, Borquez, Deur, and Werner on “Graviballs and Dark Matter”, we explicitly show that in string theory, local and nonlocal higher derivative theories, as well as general asymptotically-free or finite theories, gravitationally interacting bound states can form when the energy is larger than the Planck energy. On the other hand, in higher derivative or nonlocal theories with interaction governed by a dimensionless or a dimensionful coupling constant, the bound states form when the energy is smaller than the Planck energy. Such bound states are allowed because of the softness of the scattering amplitudes in the ultraviolet region. Indeed, in such theories, the potential is finite while the force is zero or constant in r = 0. Finally, since the bound states that form in the early Universe may have an energy that ranges from the Planck mass to any arbitrarily large or small value, we argue that they can serve as dark matter candidates and/or as the seeds for the structure’s formation at large scale in the Cosmos.
Sphere and disk partition functions in Liouville and in matrix integrals
Authors: Mahajan Raghu , Stanford Douglas , Yan Cynthia 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We compute the sphere and disk partition functions in semiclassical Liouville and analogous quantities in double-scaled matrix integrals. The quantity sphere/disk2 is unambiguous and we find a precise numerical match between the Liouville answer and the matrix integral answer. An application is to show that the sphere partition function in JT gravity is infinite.
O6-plane backreaction on scale-separated Type IIA AdS3 vacua
Authors: Emelin Maxim , Farakos Fotis , Tringas George 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We evaluate the backreaction of O6-planes in scale-separated AdS3 flux vacua of massive Type IIA. Using the appropriate flux scaling we show that the corrections to the various background fields and moduli are controlled and subleading when going from smeared to localized sources. Similarly, the backreaction corrections to the scalar potential are parametrically small in the scale-separation limit, assuming always that the near-O6-plane singularities will find a resolution within string theory, even in the presence of a Romans mass. Our analysis is based on the equations of motion and therefore applies also to the non-supersymmetric vacua.
A cost-scaling algorithm for computing the degree of determinants
Authors: Hirai Hiroshi , Ikeda Motoki 
Published: July 2022

Abstract In this paper, we address computation of the degree $$\deg {\rm Det} A$$

deg
Det
A

of Dieudonné determinant $${\rm Det} A$$

Det
A

of
$$\begin{aligned}
A = \sum_{k=1}^m A_k x_k t^{c_k},
\end{aligned}$$

A
=

∑

k
=
1

m

A
k

x
k

t

c
k

,

where $$A_k$$

A
k

are $$n \times n$$

n
×
n

matrices over a field $$\mathbb{K}$$
K
, $$x_k$$

x
k

are noncommutative variables,
t is a variable commuting with $$x_k$$

x
k

, $$c_k$$

c
k

are integers,
and the degree is considered for t.
This problem generalizes noncommutative Edmonds' problem and
fundamental combinatorial optimization problems
including the weighted linear matroid intersection problem.
It was shown that $$\deg {\rm Det} A$$

deg
Det
A

is obtained by
a discrete convex optimization on a Euclidean building (Hirai 2019).
We extend this framework by incorporating a cost-scaling technique
and show that $$\deg {\rm Det} A$$

deg
Det
A

can be computed in time polynomial of $$n,m,\log_2 C$$

n
,
m
,

log
2

C

, where $$C:= \max_k |c_k|$$

C
:
=

max
k

|

c
k

|

.
We give a polyhedral interpretation of $$\deg {\rm Det}$$

deg
Det

,
which says that $$\deg {\rm Det}$$

deg
Det

A is given by linear optimization
over an integral polytope with respect to objective vector $$c = (c_k)$$

c
=
(

c
k

)

.
Based on it, we show that our algorithm becomes a strongly polynomial one.
We also apply our result to an algebraic combinatorial optimization problem
arising from a symbolic matrix having $$2 \times 2$$

2
×
2

-submatrix structure.