bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel signal conditioning system for SODAR
Authors: Chourey Parag , Singh Nirbhow Jap , Soni Kirti , Agarwal Ravinder 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The sonic detection and ranging (SODAR) instrument is widely used for measuring the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). SODAR operates on an acoustic principle and creates an ABL structure using air-backscattered signals. These signals have extremely low amplitude and are highly susceptible to environmental noise. In this paper, a novel signal conditioning circuit with high gain, low noise, and high quality factor (Q) has been designed for the preamplifier of SODAR. This signal conditioning circuit is comprised of an ultra-low noise amplifier and a dual-amplifier band-pass filter. The designed preamplifier circuit is implemented with SODAR at the CSIR-National Physical Laboratory in New Delhi. The electrical characteristics of the proposed system are compared to the existing design of a single low-noise amplifier and state variable filter. The gain and signal-to-noise ratio performance of the designed preamplifier circuit are significantly improved in comparison to the existing one.
Size effects in stress propagation and dynamics of dislocations: Fe–Ni–Cr steel
Authors: Kozioł Zbigniew 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Movement of line dislocations in fcc steel 310S is found to depend on the size of nanometer sized structures, based on modeling within molecular dynamics (MD). The effect is attributed to time (and size) dependencies of pressure propagation into the medium interior. The observation is crucial in interpreting any MD studies of pressure effects since these are governed by time-dependent internal virial stresses. In particular, velocity of dislocations scales better with value of local internal shear component of virial stress S

xy
than with external shear pressure applied. Dynamics of stress penetration is described well within the model of damped harmonic oscillator, where characteristic oscillation frequency depends on number of crystallographic layers in direction along the wave propagation while the speed of stress propagation is the speed of sound. The minimal stress required for dislocation movement (Peierls stress) is determined to be 0.75 GPa. Pressure and temperature effects on dislocation movement are systematically investigated.
A facile fabrication of ratiometric electrochemical sensor for sensitive detection of riboflavin based on hierarchical porous biochar derived from KOH-activated Soulangeana sepals
Authors: Yu Qi , Zou Jin , Peng Guanwei , Gao Feng , Gao Yansha , Fan Guorong , Chen Shangxing , Lu Limin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Herein, a facile ratiometric electrochemical method was developed for sensitive sensing of riboflavin (RF) based on hierarchical porous biochar (HPB) modified electrode. In this sensing system, the reference paracetamol (PA) was directly added into electrolyte solution without the requirement of complex immobilization process. HPB derived from KOH-activated Soulangeana sepals displays hierarchical porous structure, high specific surface area and rich oxygen-containing functional groups, which is favorable for RF adsorption and enrichment. Besides, the excellent electronic conductivity and superior electrocatalytic activity of HPB can effectively promote the electrooxidation of RF. Moreover, the dual-signal strategy greatly improves the reproducibility and reliability of electrochemical detection. Based on the proposed ratiometric sensing platform, the sensor exhibits a wider linear range of 0.0007–10 μM and a lower limit of detection of 0.2 nM. The method also presents good selectivity and has been applied to the determination of RF in milk samples with satisfactory results.
Qualitative direction questions in online assessment using a compass clock face
Authors: Lim (林百君) Kieran Fergus 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The ability to interpret, select, use and construct appropriate diagrams is fundamental for the study of physics and other science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) disciplines. Despite the importance of using and constructing appropriate diagrams in STEM, the ability to incorporate freehand drawing, or similar capabilities, into online formative and summative assessment is largely unavailable to educators. This paper reports on a new compass clock face question type that can be easily implemented within the quiz feature of any learning management system. This question type has many features of a freehand drawing response for testing particular concepts. Online examination questions from a first-year undergraduate unit at the author’s home institution are presented as examples.
Plasma profile tomography for EAST based on integrated data analysis
Authors: Liu Zijie , Luo Zhengping , Wang Tianbo , Huang Yao , Wang Yuehang , Yu Qingze , Rui Wangyi , Yuan Qiping , Xiao Bingjia , Li Jiangang 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In this study, a plasma profile reconstruction algorithm based on integrated data analysis (IDA) is proposed, which incorporates various diagnostics and can provide two-dimensional distributions of plasma current and electron density. The IDA algorithm based on Bayesian inference combines limited data from multiple diagnostics and builds models in a probabilistic manner, overcoming the limitations of models based on just external magnetic diagnostics and providing more accurate results. To reduce the probability of unreasonable solutions, two Gaussian priors are established: conditional autoregressive prior and squared exponential kernel function prior, which constrain the plasma current and electron density, respectively. Compared to the models based on only magnetic diagnostics, the IDA model improves the current distribution in the core and increases the accuracy of plasma profile reconstruction.
Intensity fluctuations in biological tissues at any turbulence strength
Authors: Ata Yalçın , Gökçe Muhsin Caner , Baykal Yahya 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This study investigates the intensity fluctuations of the optical plane and spherical waves in biological tissue that experience any strength of turbulence. Biological tissue is a random and complex medium for optical wave propagation, having a power spectrum reflecting the turbulent characteristics that depend on the structural parameters. It is important to accurately determine the strength of turbulence and classify turbulence regimes for the correct modeling of the behavior of the optical wave propagation. To classify weak, moderate and strong turbulent regimes, closed-form expressions of modified Rytov variances are obtained. Based on the modified Rytov variance that involves the large-scale and small-scale variations, the intensity fluctuations specified by the metric of scintillation index, are calculated versus various parameters such as the propagation distance, refractive index, characteristic length of heterogeneity, small length-scale factor, wavelength, fractal dimension and strength of the refractive index fluctuations. Behavior of optical plane and spherical waves in different turbulent regimes and the comparison of intensity fluctuations in different specimens of human and animal tissues are shown.
Facile synthesis and characterization of metal ions (Ce, Cu, Gd, Mn and Y) doped Nickel Oxide nanostructures for spintronic and photodiode applications
Authors: Marnadu R , Venkatesan S , Alkallas Fatemah H , Ben Gouider Trabelsi Amira , Shkir Mohd , AlFaify S 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Multiphase hexagon and flower-shaped structures of NiO nanocomposites have been prepared with different metal ions (Ce, Cu, Gd, Mn and Y) using facile and low-cost co-precipitation method. The optical, structural, morphological, and magnetic properties of the synthesized nanostructures have been investigated. The XDR measurement reveals the coexistence of several crystal structures like cubic, monoclinic, tetragonal, and orthorhombic which unveils the formation of polymorphism in the nanocomposites with high crystallinity. A wideband has been located in the FT-IR spectra at around 600 cm−1 revealing the metal oxide (M-O) phase formation. DRS exhibits four large and intense absorption bands at 260, 380, 420, and 720 nm in the UV and visible domains assigned to the nanocrystalline phases of NiO, CuO, CeO, and MnO, respectively. SEM images of metal-doped nickel oxide nanocomposites show a white sponge, semi-spherical, flower-like, and hexagon-shaped particles of 15 nm size. TEM result establishes a smooth surface for samples grown from gadolinium and yttrium, contrary to other samples made off cerium and manganese demonstrate a rough surface. A ferromagnetic tendency has been located for samples prepared from copper, manganese, and gadolinium-based NiO nanocomposites with coercivities of 132, 113, and 26 Oe, correspondingly. Photodiode characteristics were also investigated on the developed devices. These outcomes signify their use in spintronic and optoelectronic industries.
First Implementation of Pulsed Sodium Guidestars Constellation for Large-aperture Multi-conjugate Adaptive Optics Telescopes
Authors: Bian Qi , Bo Yong , Zuo Jun-Wei , Li Min , Feng Lu , Wei Kai , Wang Rui-Tao , Li Hong-Yang , Peng Qin-Jun , Xu Zu-Yan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Multiple synthetic beacons are required for atmospheric-turbulence compensation in an extended-field-of-view multi-conjugate adaptive optics (MCAO) telescope. In this paper, we report on the first successful implementation of a microsecond-pulse sodium guidestars constellation laser system, based on a small angle precise polarized combining and splitting technology. At Lijiang Observatory of China, four-ways ∼20 W yellow laser beam with kHz repetition-rate and hundred-μs pulse width were projected into the sky through one small-aperture launching telescope, and generated a distinctive four-point grouping on a field of view of 40″ with variable configurations of linear, parallelogram, rhomboid and square. The sodium return signal could easily avoid Rayleigh light interference by the pulse synchro controlling technology delivering a higher spatial resolution. Moreover, the increase in return photons for alternated circularly and alternated linearly polarized light has been investigated. We believe that the above results could serve as a future reference for the MCAO system on large-aperture telescopes worldwide.
Optimization of cryogenic calorimetric detection with lithium molybdate crystals for AMoRE-II experiments
Authors: Kim W.T. , Kim S.C. , Sharma B. , Gileva O. , Grigorieva V.D. , Jeon J.A. , Lee C.H. , Kim D.Y. , Kim H.L. , Kim H.J. , Kim S.G. , Kim S.R. , Kim Y.D. , Kim Y.H. , Lee H.J. , Lee M.H. , Lee S.W. , Ra S.J. , Shin K.A. , Shlegel V.N. , Seo J.W. , So J.H. , Son J.K. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The AMoRE collaboration is preparing for the second phase of
the experiment, AMoRE-II, which will exploit a 100 kg of 100Mo
isotopes to search for neutrinoless double beta decay from the
isotope. Most of the 100Mo isotopes will be contained in the
lithium molybdate (Li2MoO4) crystals, which will act as
absorbers of cryogenic calorimeters coupled to MMC (metallic
magnetic calorimeter) sensors. The detector array will have a total
mass of approximately 200 kg with hundreds of detector
modules. Hence, considerable effort has been taken to optimize the
lithium molybdate crystal detector in terms of the detector
performance and preparation procedure to build many detector modules
in a reasonable schedule without compromising the detector
performance. We found some critical experimental conditions to
improve the energy resolution in a series of test experiments. In
this paper, we discuss the effect of surface treatment and thermal
link connection in improving the energy resolution from 14–15 keV
to below 7 keV at 2.615 MeV, 208Tl gamma line, which is near
the Q-value of the decay of 100Mo, 3.034MeV. We also report
the high discrimination power for the separation of alpha particles
using the simultaneous scintillation light detection with a test
performed in the cryogen-free dilution refrigerator.
Evaluating power grid model hydropower feasibility with a river operations model
Authors: Magee T M , Turner S W D , Clement M A , Oikonomou K , Zagona E A , Voisin N 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Production cost models (PCMs) simulate dispatch of generators across a large power grid and are used widely by planners to study the reliability of electricity supply. As energy systems transition away from the thermoelectric technologies that have traditionally balanced electricity supply and demand, hydropower and its representation in PCMs is of increasing importance. A limitation of PCMs applied to continental power grids with diverse generation portfolios is that hydropower generation is simulated without full consideration of complex river dynamics, leading to possible misrepresentation of grid flexibility and performance. In addition, data used in PCMs may reflect outdated operating policies. In this paper we propose a hydropower generation feasibility test for PCMs. The approach uses a detailed hydropower model to determine whether the hourly hydropower schedule from a PCM with simplified monthly parameterization can be attained after accounting for realistic river dynamics and operating policies, such as spill requirements and general water movement and balance through a cascade reservoir system. We perform this hydropower generation test for the ‘Big 10’ hydropower system on the Columbia River (part of the Western Interconnect of the United States), revealing 9% overestimation of available hydropower generation in a PCM solution in an average hydrologic year. Our evaluation provides insight on the cost and opportunities for better representing hydropower in PCMs.
The use of high-protein vegetable raw materials in the production of fermented drinks
Authors: Miller Yu Yu , Kiseleva T F , Permyakova L V , Pomozova V A 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The most popular vegetable materials with a high protein content are legumes; wheat is of special importance among cereals. Their use in beverage production will make it possible to obtain products with increased nutritional values due to a higher content of protein and amino acids. The use of legumes without special treatment can adversely affect the quality of drinks. The article describes the possibility of producing fermented drinks based on soybean and wheat malts that have been malted using organic acids. This made it possible to obtain malt with higher extractivity, fermentation, and a high content of amino acids. A technology has been developed for fermented drinks based on a mixture of soybean and wheat malts. At the mashing stage, it is recommended to increase the duration of the protein pause up to 50 minutes for deeper proteolysis; dry baker's yeast "Saf-instant" is proposed for fermentation. It has been experimentally confirmed that the use of this raw material can increase the yield of amino acids in malt wort by 20-25%, and water-soluble protein by 50-150%. Ready-made fermented drinks comply with the standard requirements for fermented drinks in terms of quality, and contain malic, citric, succinic, lactic acids, essential and essential amino acids in higher concentrations compared to grain kvass. The mass fraction of water-soluble protein is 17.1-28.9 mg / 100 cm3, the total content of essential amino acids is 15.37-20.23 mg / 100 cm3 (depending on the recipe and soy malt content), which is 2.5-4.2 times more in protein and 1.4 -1.8 times more in amino acids compared to grain kvass
Innovative technology for cleaning seeds from dust and impurities during the etching process
Authors: Vyalykh V A , Burmistrov A N , Gulevsky V A 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Quite often, seeds intended for etching contain a large amount of impurities on which the working fluid of the preparations settles. As a result, the quality of seed dressing decreases. This article discusses the quality problems of pre-sowing treatment of seeds, mainly grain and leguminous crops, with protective-stimulating drugs and their mixtures with modern mobile etchants. Their design features are analyzed with the identification of shortcomings that reduce the degree of penetration of drugs into the seed up to the embryo and, accordingly, the quality of the cultivated crop. The necessity of performing the upper cavity of the inclined intake screw of the machine with exhaust holes for dust and impurities with the placement of a vacuum chamber above it in the form of a hemispherical casing connected by means of a corrugated sleeve to the cavity of the aspirator filter housing and an electric fan impeller placed above it is substantiated. The main advantage of such constructive solution is the complete cleaning of seeds from dust and impurities before they enter the etching chamber of the unit.
Processing microalgae for use as a suppliment in food industry
Authors: Iskusnykh O Yu , Iskusnykh A Yu , Iskusnykh D O 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Raw bioresources for food production are the object of attention and study worldwide. Protein deficiency in nutrition is a global problem that is difficult to solve based on traditional crop and livestock resources. Microalgae is a valuable protein-mineral-vitamin supplement to human food, capable of increasing the adaptive potential of the body. The advantage of microalgae as a source of protein and essential micronutrients lies in the economy of their cultivation using simple nutrient media. Microalgae are promising for use as functional food products both in biomass (powders, syrups) and as sources of biologically active substances. Unlocking the potential of microalgae requires advanced methods of biotechnology and synthetic biology, which is associated with the need to isolate and modify the secondary metabolites of cyanobacteria to obtain a wide range of biologically active ingredients. Microalgae is a promising dietary supplement for creating innovative food products that are beneficial to health. The development of innovative food products containing microalgae requires the complex work of scientists and practitioners from all branches of the food industry. We are currently beginning a journey towards creating products enriched with microalgae.
Modification of protein products from sesame seeds by treatment of electromagnetic fields of extremely low frequencies to optimize functional properties
Authors: Bugayets N A , Usatikov S V , Tereshchenko I V , Shamkova N T , Bugayets O N 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The aim of the study is the modification of sesame seed proteins by treatment with extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF EMF). It was found that treatment with ELF EMF with the following parameters: treatment duration T = 10 min, frequency ω = 12 Hz, current I = 9 A, increases the water and fat-holding capacity of full-fat flour.
Development of a method for efficient extraction of food raw materials
Authors: Iskakov I Zh , Lanina E E , Alekseev A V , Kravtcova E V , Shanin V A , Egorova O A 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Optimization of extracting food products from plant raw materials using a mathematical model is suggested. The model has been derived for the analysis of extracting pectin from Jerusalem artichoke. Multistage anti-cyclic extraction, non-stationary diffusion for the initial element of the processed raw material in the form of plates is considered. The calculations take into account the effect of reverse solvent change, the time of the solvent drain from the solid phase, among other process parameters. The derived equation makes it possible to analyze the effect of the impregnation of a part of the miscella at an intermediate stage of a countercurrent multistage extraction on the efficiency of the process. The correctness of the mass conductivity coefficient calculations was confirmed using the performance indicators of the extractor. Based on the data obtained, a mathematical model was created that describes the extraction process with a variable coefficient of mass conductivity. Thus, it is possible to determine the optimal parameters of the process including the rate of fluid flow through the material, the crushed material particle size, the thickness of the particles, and the processing time.
The use of the modified porcine testicular protein mass in cooked sausage production
Authors: Nasonova V V , Baburina M I , Motovilina A A 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The paper presents the results of the investigation of the cooked sausage production technology with the use of the protein component obtained by hydrolytic modification of endocrine raw materials (pork testicles) as a protein component. The protein component was obtained from testes by treatment with the 20% solution of lactic acid at a temperature of 60 0C for 4 hours with the hydromodulus of 1:1. It is shown that addition of up to 15% of modified raw materials into the food system allows obtaining a functional product with improved physico-chemical characteristics. The product, cooked sausage, with inclusion of treated pork testicles contained more than 11% of protein, 20% of fat and had an increased potassium content compared to a traditional meat product. The introduction of a protein ingredient from pork testicles into the recipe of a sausage product made it possible to improve the characteristics of the product in terms of the potential consumption of important trace elements. The conducted production tests showed the possibility of using a protein composite based on the testes of slaughtered animals after fermentation in the production technology of boiled sausage products.
Whey proteins hydrolysis using Alcalase and Flavourzyme
Authors: Sereda A S , Kostyleva E V , Velikoretskaya I A , Tsurikova N V 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
One of the ways to solve the problem of whey utilization is to obtain enzymatic hydrolysates with bioactive properties and reduced antigenicity. A wide range of enzyme preparations are used for whey hydrolysis. The aim of the study was to select the conditions for enzymatic processing of whey protein concentrate to provide the most complete hydrolysis of all basic whey proteins using the most popular proteolytic enzyme preparations for the food industry – Alcalase and Flavourzyme. It was found that the completeness of whey proteins hydrolysis, determined by the yield of soluble and low molecular weight protein, as well as by the disappearance of protein bands on electrophoregrams of the obtained hydrolysates, largely depends on the enzyme preparations dosages and preliminary heat treatment of the substrate. Combined hydrolysis of the pretreated whey protein concentrate with 1% Alcalase and 2% Flavourzyme for 20.5 h at 50°C with stirring allows one to convert about 70% of whey proteins to a stable soluble state, not denatured by heating at 90°C, and 50% of the hydrolyzed protein has a molecular weight of less than 10 kDa. This treatment provides the elimination of the main antigenic whey proteins and obtaining the hydrolysates with a degree of hydrolysis of 36%, determined using the formol titration method.