bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical optimization approach for the development of Giloy stem (Tinospora cordifolia) extract based functional yoghurt
Authors: Kumar Nitin , Sahu Jatindra K. , Kumar Ankur , Naik Satyanarayan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFunctional yoghurt is a prominent fermented milk product. It is popular among all age groups and has considerable significance due to the presence of active nutrients to fulfill the human dietary needs. Tinospora cordifolia (giloy) is extensively discussed during the recent pandemic owing to its high antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and strong immunity boosting properties. This investigation has been aimed to optimize functional yoghurt impregnated with ultrasound assisted giloy stem extract. Central composite rotatable design (CCRD) was used for experimental design of process parameters (giloy stem extract, total soluble solid, and incubation temperature). Functional yoghurt formulation was optimized based on different (whiteness index, overall acceptability, pH, syneresis, firmness, DPPH scavenging activity, and complex viscosity) responses. The results revealed that giloy stem extract and total soluble solid exhibited maximum effects on all the responses. Numerical optimization revealed the optimum combination of giloy stem extract, total soluble solid, and incubation temperature as 0.08%, 9.1%, and 45°C, respectively. At this optimum condition, the whiteness index, overall acceptability (OA), pH, syneresis, firmness, DPPH scavenging activity, and complex viscosity values of optimized functional yoghurt were 84.513, 8.567, 4.193, 47.268%, 281.19 N, 56.78%, and 76.89 cP, respectively. This study established the effect of giloy extract addition, total soluble solids, and incubation temperature on yoghurt preparation and subsequent changes in its properties.Novelty impact statement

Giloy stem extract (GSE) enriched functional yoghurt was developed having high antioxidant activities.

Ultrasound assisted GSE improved the texture and overall desirability of functional yoghurt.

Derived the optimum conditions which might be replicated and scaled up for pilot scale production.
Simulating future flood risks under climate change in the source region of the Indus River
Authors: Rizwan Muhammad , Li Xin , Chen Yingying , Anjum Lubna , Hamid Shanawar , Yamin Muhammad , Chauhdary Junaid Nawaz , Shahid Muhammad Adnan , Mehmood Qaisar 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPakistan experiences extreme flood events almost every year during the monsoon season. Recently, flood events have become more disastrous as their frequency and magnitude have increased due to climate change. This situation is further worsened due to the limited capacity of existing water reservoirs and their ability to absorb and mitigate peak floods. Thus, the simulation of stream flows using projected data from climate models is essential to assess flood events and proper water resource management in the country. This study investigates the future floods (in near future and far future periods) using the integrated flood analysis system (IFAS) model under the RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5 climate change scenarios. Downscaled and bias corrected climatic data of six general circulation models and their ensemble were used in this study. The IFAS model simulated the stream flow efficiently (R2 = 0.86–0.93 and Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency = 0.72–0.92) in the Jhelum River basin (JRB), Kabul River basin (KRB), and upper Indus River basin (UIRB) during the calibration and validation periods. The simulation results of the model showed significant impact of projected climate change on stream flows that will cause the mean monthly stream flow in the JRB to be lower, while that of the KRB and UIRB to be higher than that of the historical period. The highest flow months are expected to shift from May–June (Jhelum basin) and June–July (Kabul basin) to April–May with no changes in the UIRB. Higher frequencies of low to medium floods are projected in the KRB and UIRB, while the JRB expects fewer flood events. Based on the results from the IFAS model, it is concluded that stream flow in the study area will increase with several flood events.
Treatment limitations and clinical outcomes in critically ill frail patients with and without COVID‐19 pneumonitis
Authors: Subramaniam Ashwin , Tiruvoipati Ravindranath , Pilcher David , Bailey Michael 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe presence of treatment limitations in patients with frailty at intensive care unit (ICU) admission is unknown. We aimed to evaluate the presence and predictors of treatment limitations in patients with and without COVID‐19 pneumonitis in those admitted to Australian and New Zealand ICUs.MethodsThis registry‐based multicenter, retrospective cohort study included all frail adults (≥16 years) with documented clinical frailty scale (CFS) scores, admitted to ICUs with admission diagnostic codes for viral pneumonia or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) over 2 years between January 01, 2020 and December 31, 2021. Frail patients (CFS ≥5) coded as having viral pneumonitis or ARDS due to COVID‐19 were compared to those with other causes of viral pneumonitis or ARDS for documented treatment limitations.Results884 frail patients were included in the final analysis from 129 public and private ICUs. 369 patients (41.7%) had confirmed COVID‐19. There were more male patients in COVID‐19 (55.3% vs 47.0%; p = 0.015). There were no differences in age or APACHE‐III scores between the two groups. Overall, 36.0% (318/884) had treatment limitations, but similar between the two groups (35.8% [132/369] vs 36.1% [186/515]; p = 0.92). After adjusting for confounders, increasing frailty (OR = 1.72; 95%‐CI 1.39–2.14), age (OR = 1.05; 95%‐CI 1.04–1.06), and presence of chronic respiratory condition (OR = 1.58; 95%‐CI 1.10–2.27) increased the likelihood of instituting treatment limitations. However, the presence of COVID‐19 by itself did not influence treatment limitations (odds ratio [OR] = 1.39; 95%‐CI 0.98–1.96).ConclusionsThe proportion of treatment limitations was similar in patients with frailty with or without COVID‐19 pneumonitis at ICU admission.
Do higher public debt levels reduce economic growth?
Authors: Heimberger Philipp 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWhile the effect of higher public debt levels on economic growth has received much attention, the literature partly points to contradictory results. This paper applies meta‐regression methods to 816 estimates from 47 primary studies. The unweighted mean of the reported results suggests that a 10 percentage points increase in public‐debt‐to‐GDP is associated with a decline in annual growth rates by 0.14 percentage points, with a 95% confidence interval from 0.09 to 0.19 percentage points. However, we cannot reject a zero effect after correcting for publication bias. Furthermore, the meta‐regression analysis shows that tackling endogeneity between public debt and growth leads to less adverse effects of public debt. In testing for nonlinear effects, our results do not point to a uniform public‐debt‐to‐GDP threshold beyond which growth slows. Threshold estimates are sensitive to data and econometric choices. These findings imply a lack of evidence of a consistently negative growth effect of higher public‐debt‐to‐GDP. The main policy implication is that there should be caution with regard to “one‐size‐fits‐all” fiscal policy prescriptions in dealing with higher public debt levels.
Management of advanced ovarian cancer in Leicester: The benefits of a paradigm shift in surgical approach
Authors: Barakat Anas , Ismail Aemn , Chattopadhyay Supratik 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimSurgery for advanced ovarian cancer (AOC) has evolved over the past decade to ingeminate the need to offer maximum effort surgery (MES). The aim of this study is to analyze the implementation of a paradigm shift in the surgical management of women with AOC at the University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust (UHL) in 2015, until 2020, compared to 2011–2014.MethodsRetrospective cohort study of women with AOC who underwent cytoreductive surgery (CRS) in the UHL. The two groups were: 153 women from January 2011 to December 2014 (group 1), 136 women from January 2015 to January 2020 (group 2).ResultsIn group 1, the 1, 3, and 5 years overall survival rates (OS) were, 90.4%, 33.7%, and 19.3%, compared to 90.2%, 55.4%, and 29.7%, respectively, in group 2 (p = 0.012). Significantly more women had CRS in group 2: 45—Primary debulking surgery (PDS) and 57—interval debulking surgery (IDS) versus 17—PDS & 67—IDS in group 1 (p < 0.001). Surgical complexity score (modified Aletti score) was higher in group 2 compared to group 1 (p = <0.001). No significant difference was noted in the postoperative complications, in group 2, in women who underwent PDS versus IDS, yet PDS was associated with higher OS.ConclusionsMES/CRS in women with AOC significantly improves OS. Our data highlights the importance of a dedicated team to implement this change in cancer centers. Where possible, suitable women with AOC likely to have complete cytoreduction based on preoperative assessment, should be offered PDS.
Related amyloid burden and cortical atrophy in individuals with subtle cognitive decline
Authors: Cersonsky Tess E. K. , Mechery Shanti , Thompson Louisa , Lee Athene , Alber Jessica , Sarkar Indra Neil , Brick Leslie Ann D. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground and PurposeSubtle cognitive decline represents a stage of cognitive deterioration in which pathological biomarkers may be present, including early cortical atrophy and amyloid deposition. Using individual items from the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and k‐modes cluster analysis, we previously identified three clusters of individuals without overt cognitive impairment: (1) High Performing (no deficits in performance), (2) Memory Deficits (lower memory performance), and (3) Compound Deficits (lower memory and executive function performance). In this study, we sought to understand the relationships found in our clusters between cortical atrophy on MR and amyloid burden on PET.MethodsData were derived from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative and comprised individuals from our previous analyses with available MR and amyloid PET scans (n = 272). Using multiple‐group structural equation modeling, we regressed amyloid standardized uptake value ratio on volumetric regions to simultaneously evaluate unique associations within each cluster.ResultsIn our Compound Deficits cluster, greater whole cerebral amyloid burden was significantly related to right entorhinal cortical and left hippocampal atrophy, rs = –.412 (p = .005) and –.304 (p = .049), respectively. Within this cluster, right entorhinal cortical atrophy was significantly related to greater amyloid burden within multiple frontal regions.ConclusionsThe Compound Deficits cluster, which represents a group potentially at higher risk for decline, was observed to have significantly more cortical atrophy, particularly within the entorhinal cortex and hippocampus, associated with whole brain and frontal lobe amyloid burden. These findings point to a pattern of early pathological deterioration that may place these individuals at risk for future decline.
Clinical‐based oral rehabilitation programme improved the oral diadochokinesis and swallowing function of older patients with dementia: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Chen Ming‐An , Liu Ching‐Kuan , Yang Yuan‐Han , Huang Shun‐Te , Yen Cheng‐Wei , Kabasawa Yuji , Huang Hsiao‐Ling 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of a clinical‐based oral function intervention on oral function and care behaviours in older patients with mild dementia.MethodParticipants were randomly assigned to the experimental group (EG) and control group (CG). Both groups received a leaflet on oral health‐related knowledge, and the EG also received an oral function intervention, which was a brief one‐on‐one lesson concerning oral exercise and preventive oral care. Oral exercise included turning the head, pouting lips, bulging cheeks, stretching tongue, articulation exercise and salivary gland massages. A reminder phone call was made every 2 weeks. Perceived xerostomia and dysphagia, plaque index (PI), Winkel tongue‐coating index (WTCI), repetitive saliva‐swallowing test (RSST), oral diadochokinesis (DDK) and oral care behaviours were recorded at baseline and at 3‐month follow‐up. Generalised Estimating Equations (GEE) were used to analyse the indicated effects.ResultsThe EG (n = 59) exhibited greater improvement to the CG (n = 55) in RSST [β = 0.7; effect size (ES) = 0.45], the syllables /pa/ (β = 3.1; ES = 0.37) and /ka/ (β = 2.7; ES = 0.40) in oral DDK, PI (β = −0.2; ES = 0.52) and WTCI (β = −0.8; ES = 0.38). Moreover, the EG exhibited better preventive behaviours in regular dental visits [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 2.2], daily mouth cleaning frequency (aOR = 1.6) and mouth cleaning before sleep (aOR = 1.3).ConclusionThe brief clinical‐based intervention was effective in improving the swallowing function, oral DDK and plaque control of older patients with mild dementia at 3‐month follow‐up.
Ageism toward older adults during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Intergenerational conflict and support
Authors: Sutter Alina , Vaswani Mamta , Denice Patrick , Choi Kate H. , Bouchard Joanie , Esses Victoria M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA cross‐national representative survey in Canada and the U.S. examined ageism toward older individuals during the first year of the COVID‐19 pandemic, including ageist consumption stereotypes and perceptions of older people's competence and warmth. We also investigated predictors of ageism, including economic and health threat, social dominance orientation, individualism and collectivism, social distancing beliefs, and demographics. In both countries, younger adults were more likely to hold ageist consumption stereotypes, demonstrating intergenerational conflict about the resources being used by older people. Similarly, young adults provided older people with the lowest competence and warmth scores, though adults of all ages rated older individuals as more warm than competent. Particularly among younger individuals, beliefs about group‐based dominance hierarchies, the importance of competition, and the costs of social distancing predicted greater endorsement, whereas beliefs about interdependence and the importance of sacrificing for the collective good predicted lower endorsement of ageist consumption stereotypes. Support for group‐based inequality predicted lower perceived competence and warmth of older individuals, whereas beliefs about interdependence and the importance of sacrificing for the collective good predicted higher perceived competence and warmth of older individuals. Implications for policies and practices to reduce intergenerational conflict and ageist perceptions of older individuals are discussed.
Mycophenolate mofetil and telmisartan for the treatment of proteinuria secondary to minimal change disease podocytopathy in a dog
Authors: Travail Victoria , Cianciolo Rachel E. , Peak Kerry , Di Bella Andrea 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA 3‐year‐old entire female Springer Spaniel, with a previous diagnosis of meningoencephalitis of unknown origin diagnosed 2 years before presentation and treated with long term administration of prednisolone, developed proteinuria. Laboratory findings revealed hypoalbuminemia, hypercholesterolemia, and proteinuria. Further investigations excluded underlying causes. Renal biopsies were performed. The glomeruli and the tubulointerstitial compartment did not show any anomalies on light microscopy and immunofluorescence staining did not reveal abnormalities. Transmission electron microscopy revealed moderate podocyte injury consisting of foot process effacement and microvillus transformation of the cytoplasm. The dog was diagnosed with primary minimal change disease of the podocytes and treated with telmisartan and mycophenolate mofetil. Abnormalities of serum albumin, cholesterol, and proteinuria resolved within 4 weeks. Minimal change disease has been reported in dogs, but this is a case report of proteinuria secondary to minimal change disease successfully treated with mycophenolate mofetil and telmisartan.
Low anti‐HBc levels are associated with lower risk of virological relapse after nucleos(t)ide analogue cessation in HBe antigen‐negative patients
Authors: Ohlendorf Valerie , Wübbolding Maximilian , Gineste Paul , Höner Zu Siederdissen Christoph , Bremer Birgit , Wedemeyer Heiner , Cornberg Markus , Maasoumy Benjamin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsLow anti‐HBc serum levels at the time of therapy cessation were linked to a higher relapse risk in predominantly HBeAg‐positive cohorts. We investigated the association of anti‐HBc levels with relapse in HBeAg‐negative patients.MethodsSerum levels of anti‐HBc, HBsAg and HBcrAg were determined in 136 HBeAg‐negative patients, participating in a vaccination trial (ABX‐203, NCT02249988), before treatment cessation or vaccination. Importantly, vaccination showed no impact on relapse. The correlation between the biomarkers and their predictive value for relapse (HBV DNA >2000 IU/ml ± ALT >2xULN) was investigated.ResultsAfter therapy cessation 50% (N = 68) of patients relapsed. Median anti‐HBc prior to treatment stop was significantly higher among relapsers compared to off‐treatment responders (520 IU/ml vs. 330 IU/mL, p = .0098). The optimal anti‐HBc cut‐off to predict relapse was 325 IU/ml according to the Youden‐Index. About 35% of patients with anti‐HBc level < 325 IU/ml versus 60% of those with values ≥325 IU/mL relapsed (p = .0103; sensitivity 50%, specificity 75%). Combining the optimal cut‐offs of HBsAg (>3008 IU/mL) or HBcrAg (≥1790 U/ml) with anti‐HBc increased the proportion of patients with relapse to 80% (p < .0001) and 74% (p = .0006), respectively.ConclusionIn contrast to predominantly HBeAg‐positive cohorts, in our cohort of HBeAg‐negative patients lower anti‐HBc levels are associated with a significantly lower relapse risk after nucleos(t)ide analogue cessation. The vast majority of included patients were either genotype B or C and the applicability to other genotypes has to be further evaluated. However, anti‐HBc level as an indicator of the host response might be prospectively further explored for prediction models.
Barriers and perceived benefits of early mobilisation programmes in Dutch paediatric intensive care units
Authors: Geven Barbara M. , Maaskant Jolanda M. , van Woensel Job B. M. , Verbruggen Sascha C. A. T. , Ista Erwin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundEarly mobilisation of critically ill adults has been proven effective and is safe and feasible for critically ill children. However, barriers and perceived benefits of paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) staff involvement in mobilising critically ill children are largely unknown.AimTo explore the barriers and perceived benefits regarding early mobilisation of critically ill children as perceived by PICU staff.Study designA cross‐sectional survey study among staff from seven PICUs in the Netherlands has been carried out.ResultsTwo hundred and fifteen of the 641 health care professionals (33.5%) who were invited to complete a questionnaire responded, of whom 159 (75%) were nurses, 40 (19%) physicians, and 14 (6%) physical therapists. Respondents considered early mobilisation potentially beneficial to shorten the duration of mechanical ventilation (86%), improve wake/sleep rhythm (86%) and shorten the length of stay in the PICU (85%). However, staff were reluctant to mobilise patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) (63%), and patients with traumatic brain injury (49%). Perceived barriers to early mobilisation were hemodynamic instability (78%), risk of dislocation of lines/tubes (74%), and level of sedation (62%). In total, 40.3% of PICU nurses stated that physical therapists provided enough support in their PICU, but 84.6% of the physical therapists believed support was sufficient.ConclusionParticipating PICU staff considered early mobilisation as potentially beneficial in improving patient outcomes, although barriers were noted in certain patient groups.Relevance to clinical practiceWe identified barriers to early mobilisation which should be addressed in implementation research projects in order to make early mobilisation in critically ill children work.
Complete Theory for CCE Under Heterogeneous Slopes and General Unknown Factors
Authors: Stauskas Ovidijus 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA recent study of Westerlund (CCE in Panels with General Unknown Factors, The Econometrics Journal, 21, 264‐276, 2018) showed that a very popular common correlated effects (CCE) estimator is significantly more applicable than it was thought before. Specifically, the common factors can have much more general time series properties than stationarity. This helps to alleviate the uncertainty over deterministic model components (e.g. trends) since they can be treated as unknown, similarly to unobserved stochastic (possibly non‐stationary) factors. While very promising, these theoretical results concern only the baseline scenario of the pooled (CCEP) estimator in the restrictive case of homogeneous model parameters, which is asymptotically biased and requires bias correction. Economic theory often hints at individuals exhibiting slope heterogeneity, which is a more realistic case when CCE is unbiased. Therefore, it is natural to extend the findings on general unknown factors to the case of unit‐specific slopes and understand if unbiasedness still holds, which would be an empirically handy feature. It is especially interesting, because many previous studies on heterogeneous slopes did not rigorously account for the usual situation when the factors are proxied by more explanatory variables than needed. Hence, the current study introduces more completeness in the CCE theory. We demonstrate that save for some regularity conditions, CCEP and the mean group (CCEMG) estimators are asymptotically normal and unbiased under heterogeneous slopes and general unknown factors.