bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histomorphology of immunomodulation and PD1 expression in breast cancer tumor draining lymph nodes
Authors: Nayek Suma , Sau Sourav , Majumdar Kaushik , Basu Anupam , Bandyopadhyay Arghya 
Published: March 2022

Background: Metastasis in tumor draining lymph nodes (TDLNs) is correlated with poor prognosis in breast cancers. It is associated with local immune suppression, which can be partly due to the higher expression of check point inhibitors in immune cells. The morphological manifestation of the underlying immunomodulation of TDLNs has been less investigated. Here, we present the histomorphological changes and PD1 expression pattern in metastatic and non-metastatic TDLNs in breast cancer patients.
Methods: A total of 248 metastatic or non-metastatic TDLNs from 50 breast carcinoma samples were examined histologically and for PD1 expression in the present study. We assessed the immune response in these TDLNs as per histomorphological patterns on H&E stained slides, categorizing them into lymphocyte predominance, germinal center predominance and an un-stimulated pattern. Anti-PD1 immunohistochemistry was performed on all lymph nodes. The results were analyzed using SPSS version 23 and P value <0.05 was considered to be significant.
Results: The lymph node metastasis in breast carcinoma was significantly higher at younger age, patients with higher tumor grade and lympho-vascular invasion in the primary tumor. The metastatic lymph nodes showed significantly higher densities of germinal centers with abnormal shapes, as compared to non-metastatic ones. There was significantly higher expression of PD1 in the immune cells of metastatic TDLNs.
Conclusion: The identification of PD1 immunohistochemical profile along with histological changes of TDLNs should therefore be considered as a possible prognostic and predictive marker for lymph node metastasis. The patients with higher densities of germinal center with abnormal shape and increased PD1 expression should benefit from immune-check point inhibitor therapy.
Potential of the Non-Contrast-Enhanced Chest CT Radiomics to Distinguish Molecular Subtypes of Breast Cancer: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Wang Fei , Wang Dandan , Xu Ye , Jiang Huijie , Liu Yang , Zhang Jinfeng 
Published: March 2022

ObjectivesThe molecular subtype plays an important role in breast cancer, which is the main reference to guide treatment and is closely related to prognosis. The objective of this study was to explore the potential of the non-contrast-enhanced chest CT-based radiomics to predict breast cancer molecular subtypes non-invasively.MethodsA total of 300 breast cancer patients (153 luminal types and 147 non-luminal types) who underwent routine chest CT examination were included in the study, of which 220 cases belonged to the training set and 80 cases to the time-independent test set. Identification of the molecular subtypes is based on immunohistochemical staining of postoperative tissue samples. The region of interest (ROI) of breast masses was delineated on the continuous slices of CT images. Forty-two models to predict the luminal type of breast cancer were established by the combination of six feature screening methods and seven machine learning classifiers; 5-fold cross-validation (cv) was used for internal validation. Finally, the optimal model was selected for external validation on the independent test set. In addition, we also took advantage of SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) values to make explanations of the machine learning model.ResultsDuring internal validation, the area under the curve (AUC) values for different models ranged from 0.599 to 0.842, and the accuracy ranged from 0.540 to 0.775. Eventually, the LASSO_SVM combination was selected as the final model, which included 9 radiomics features. The AUC, accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of the model to distinguish luminal from the non-luminal type were 0.842 [95% CI: 0.728−0.957], 0.773, 0.818, and 0.773 in the training set and 0.757 [95% CI: 0.640–0.866], 0.713, 0.767, and 0.676 in the test set.ConclusionThe radiomics based on chest CT may provide a new idea for the identification of breast cancer molecular subtypes.
Masalah Kesehatan pada Lansia: Sindroma Frailty
Authors: Wowor Ribka , Wantania Frans 
Published: March 2022

Abstract: Frailty Syndrome is a geriatric syndrome with characteristics of reduced functional ability and adaptation functions that caused by the decline in various body systems and also increased susceptibility to various stress, which decreases a person’s functional performance. The prevalence of frailty syndrome ranges from 7% at the age above 65 years and 30% at ages above 80 years. Research on Caucasian races, women suffer more frailty than men (7:5), while in the African American group found twice that of Caucasians (14:7). Generally, to determine a frailty syndrome we used the Fried’s clinical criteria when there are three or more of the weaknesses such as, reduced road speed, complaints of fatigue, decreased activity, and weight loss. The clinical picture of frailty syndrome is based on weakness, reduced walking speed, fatigue, low physical activity, and weight loss. The diagnosis is based on clinical signs and symptoms and their comorbidities.Keywords: frailty syndrome, weakness Abstrak: Sindroma frailty adalah suatu sindroma geriatri dengan karakteristik berkurangnya kemampuan fungsional dan gangguan fungsi adaptasi yang diakibatkan oleh merosotnya berbagai sistem tubuh, serta meningkatnya kerentanan terhadap berbagai macam stressor, yang menurunkan performa fungsional seseorang. Prevalensi sindroma frailty berkisar 7% pada usia diatas 65 tahun dan 30% pada usia diatas 80 tahun. Penelitian terhadap ras Kaukasia, perempuan lebih banyak menderita frailty dibandingkan laki-laki (7:5), sedangkan pada kelompok Afrika-Amerika didapatkan dua kali lipat dibandingkan ras Kaukasia (14:7). Umumnya, untuk menentukan suatu sindroma frailty dipergunakan kriteria klinis dari Fried yaitu bila terdapat tiga atau lebih dari kelemahan, berkurangnya kecepatan jalan, keluhan cepat lelah, menurunnya aktivitas, dan berkurangnya berat badan. Gambaran klinis sindroma frailty berdasarkan adanya kelemahan, berkurangnya kecepatan jalan, rasa cepat lelah, aktivitas fisik yang rendah, dan hilangnya berat badan. Diagnosis didasarkan atas tanda dan gejala klinis serta penyakit komorbidnya.Kata kunci: sindrom frailty, kelemahan
Penilaian Kualitas Hidup Pada Pasien Kanker di Ruangan Irina Delima RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado
Authors: Maringka Pingkan C. , Wiyono Weny I. , Antasionasti Irma 
Published: March 2022

Abstract: Cancer is known as one of the diseases that has a serious physical and psychological impact on sufferers, the presence of cancer can affect the quality of life of patients. This study aims to determine the quality of life in cancer patients at irina delima room of RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. This study was a descriptive study with a cross-sectional approach and data collected using the EORTC QLQ C30 questionnaire to 56 cancer patients. The results of the research obtained quality of life on global health scale categorized as good with a score of 67,3, on the functional scale is categorized as good with the highest average value of emotional function of 78,2, and the scale of symptom is categorized as poor with the highest average value of fatigue of 48,6.Keywords : Quality of life, cancer, EORTC QLQ-C30. Abstrak: Kanker dikenal sebagai salah satu penyakit yang memiliki dampak serius terhadap fisik dan psikologis bagi penderitanya, keberadaan penyakit kanker dapat mempengaruhi kualitas hidup pasien kanker. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas hidup pada pasien kanker di ruangan irina delima RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan cross sectional dan pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner EORTC QLQ-C30 terhadap 56 pasien kanker. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh yaitu kualitas hidup pada skala kesehatan global terkategori baik dengan diperoleh nilai sebesar 67,3, pada skala fungsional terkategori baik dengan nilai rata-rata tertinggi yaitu fungsi emosi sebesar 78,2, dan pada skala gejala terkategori buruk dengan nilai rata-rata tertinggi yaitu kelelahan sebesar 48,6.Kata Kunci : Kualitas hidup, kanker, kuesioner EORTC QLQ-C30
Korelasi antara asupan serat, asupan lemak, dan status gizi dengan kadar kolesterol total remaja usia 18-20 tahun
Authors: Pondagitan Alpinia S. , Mayulu Nelly , Lestari Hesti 
Published: March 2022

Abstract: Intake behavior in students was influenced by a variety of complex factors that involve exposure to high stress, which can cause intake to increase or decrease that can result in a dependency on fast food that has a low nutritional value but is high in fat and sugar. The study aims to determine the correlation between fiber intake, fat intake, and nutritional status and its effect on Total Cholesterol (TC) levels in adolescents. This is an Analytical Observational study with Cross Sectional Approach conducted at FK Unsrat on February-April 2020, and using Total Population Sampling Technique. Data were analyzed using Pearson Correlation Test and Simple Linear Regression. There was a positive correlation between fiber intake and TC levels (p=0,020; R=0,199). There were no correlation between fat intake and nutritional status with TC levels (p=0,914, 0,522; R=0,009, -0,056) respectively. The simple linear regression equation was: Y=2,20+0,003 X. There was a positive correlation between fiber intake and TC levels, while fat intake and nutritional status have no correlation with TC levels. For every 1 gr of fiber intake elevation will be followed by 0,003 mg/dL elevation on TC levels.Keywords: fiber intake, fat intake, nutritional status, total cholesterol levels, adolescents Abstrak: Perilaku asupan pada mahasiswa dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor kompleks yang melibatkan paparan terhadap stress yang tinggi sehingga menyebabkan asupan yang meningkat atau menurun yang dapat berakibat terjadinya ketergantungan terhadap makanan cepat saji yang memiliki nilai gizi yang rendah tetapi tinggi akan lemak dan gula. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui korelasi antara asupan serat, asupan lemak, dan status gizi serta pengaruhnya terhadap kadar kolesterol total remaja. Jenis penelitian yaitu Observasional Analitik dengan pendekatan Cross Sectional yang dilakukan di FK Unsrat pada Februari-April 2020, dan teknik pengambilan sampel yaitu Total Sampling. Data dianalisis menggunakan Uji Korelasi Pearson dan Regresi Linier Sederhana. Terdapat korelasi positif antara asupan serat dengan kadar kolesterol total (p=0,020; R=0,199). Tidak terdapat korelasi antara asupan lemak dan status gizi dengan kadar kolesterol total (p=0,914, 0,522; R=0,009, -0,056) secara berurutan. Persamaan regresi linier sederhana mendapatkan rumus: Y=2,20+0,003 X. Terdapat korelasi positif antara asupan serat dengan kadar kolesterol total, sedangkan asupan lemak dan status gizi tidak memiliki korelasi dengan kadar kolesterol total. setiap peningkatan asupan serat 1 gr akan diikuti dengan peningkatan kadar kolesterol total sebesar 0,003 mg/dL.Kata kunci: asupan serat, asupan lemak, status gizi, kadar kolesterol total, remaja
Gambaran Kasus Gantung Diri di Kota Manado Periode Tahun 2018-2019
Authors: Rapang Eflika C. , Kristanto Erwin G. , Mallo Nola T. S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract: Suicide by hanging has become one of the most global problems and the second highest cause of deaths in Indonesia’s population of 15-29 years old. This study was aimed to obtain the case description of suicide by hanging in Manado from 2018 to 2019. This was a retrospective and descriptive study using data of the Police Station in Manado. The results showed that there were 13 cases of suicide by hanging during 2018-2019 consisted of 6 cases in 2018 and 7 cases in 2019. The majority of cases were male (13 cases), age between 17-25 years old (4 cases), senior high school educated (7 cases), unemployment (6 cases), using nylon straps to hang themselves (9 cases), with love problems as modus (5 cases). In conclusion, the number of suicide by hanging cases in 2019 was higher than in 2018. Most cases were male, aged 17-25 years old, with love problem as the motive/modus.Keywords: suicide, suicide by hanging Abstrak: Bunuh diri dengan cara gantung diri telah menjadi salah satu masalah global dan menjadi penyebab kedua kematian pada usia produktif 15-29 tahun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran kasus gantung diri di Kota Manado periode tahun 2018-2019. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif retrospketif menggunakan data dari Polresta Manado. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 13 kasus gantung diri. Kasus gantung diri lebih banyak pada tahun 2019 yaitu 7 kasus. Jenis kelamin terbanyak yang melakukan gantung diri ialah semuanya berjenis kelamin laki-laki yaitu sebanyak 13 kasus. Usia terbanyak ialah 17-25 tahun (masa remaja akhir) sebanyak 4 kasus. Pendidikan terbanyak ialah pendidikan akhir SMA sebanyak 7 kasus. Pekerjaan terbanyak ialah tidak memiliki pekerjaan sebanyak 6 kasus. Benda yang digunakan terbanyak ialah tali nilon sebanyak 9 kasus. Modus/motif terbanyak melakukan gantung diri karena masalah percintaan/asmara sebanyak 5 kasus. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah jumlah kasus gantung diri di Kota Manado tahun 2019 lebih banyak dibandingkan tahun 2018. Kasus terbanyak ialah berjenis kelamin laki-laki, usia produktif 17-25 tahun, dengan modus/motif melakukan gantung diri karena masalah percintaan.Kata kunci: bunuh diri, gantung diri
Uji Efektivitas Penghambatan Dari Ekstrak Daun Sirih (Piper Betle L.) Terhadap Bakteri Streptococcus mutans
Authors: Owu Nadya M. , Fatimawali . , Jayanti Meilani 
Published: March 2022

Abstract: Betel (Piper Betle L.) is one of the species of climbing plants belonging to the family Piperaceae, betel leaves contain tannin compound that are antimicrobial and can inhibit the growth of several types of bacteria. This study aims to identify tannin compounds from betel leaf extracts obtained from Southeast Minahasa and test the effectiveness of inhibition of Streptococcus mutans. Samples were extracted by maceration using ethanol as a solvent. Fractionation using n-hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol. Antibacterial activity was tested on extracts with concentrations of 25%, 20%, 15%, 10% and 5% by the dilution method. The tannin test results showed that of the three n-hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol fractions, only the ethanol fraction had a blackish green discoloration when FeCl3 reagent was added so that it positively contained tannin. The inhibitory test results obtained that the betel leaf ethanol extract with a concentration of 25%, 20% and 15% can inhibit the growth of Streptococcus mutans bacteria. From the results of the study it can be concluded that the ethanol extract of betel leaf contains tannin compounds and effectively inhibits the Streptococcus mutans bacteria with a MIC value at a concentration of 15%.Keywords: Betel leaf, Tannin, Antibacterial, Streptococcus mutans. Abstrak: Sirih (Piper Betle L) merupakan salah satu jenis tumbuhan terna memanjat yang termasuk famili Piperaceae, daun sirih mengandung senyawa tannin yang bersifat antimikroba dan antijamur yang kuat dan dapat menghambat pertumbuhan beberapa jenis bakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi senyawa tanin dari ekstrak daun sirih yang diperoleh dari Minahasa Tenggara dan menguji efektifitas penghambatannya terhadap Streptococcus mutans. Sampel diekstraksi dengan cara maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol. Fraksinasi menggunakan pelarut n-Heksan, etil asetat dan etanol. Aktivitas antibakteri diuji terhadap ekstrak dengan konsentrasi 25%, 20%, 15%, 10% dan 5% dengan metode dilusi. Hasil uji tanin diperoleh bahwa dari ketiga fraksi n-Heksan, etil asetat dan etanol, hanya fraksi etanol yang ketika ditambahkan pereaksi FeCl3 terjadi perubahan warna hijau kehitaman sehingga positif mengandung tannin. Hasil uji daya hambat diperoleh bahwa ekstrak etanol daun sirih dengan konsentrasi 25%, 20% dan 15% dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Streptococcus mutans. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun sirih mengandung senyawa tannin dan efektif menghambat bakteri Streptococcus mutans dengan nilai KHM pada konsentrasi 15%.Kata kunci: Daun sirih, Tanin, Antibakteri , Streptococcus mutans.
Pengaruh Paparan Nikotin Terhadap Penyembuhan Fraktur
Authors: Esau Sharen E. , Angmalisang Elvin C. , Wongkar Djon 
Published: March 2022

Abstract: Bone fracture healing process begins with an inflammatory stage, which leads to callus formation and tissue differentiation within the callus and is completed by callus resorption and bone remodeling. Previous studies have shown that nicotine users are more likely to experience prolonged wound healing, higher risk of wound infection, higher incidence of fractures, higher incidence of fracture nonunion, higher risk of malunion, longer time to fuse fractures, and increased risk of osteomyelitis after fracture. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of nicotine exposure on fracture healing. This study took the form of a literature review with data searches using two databases, namely PubMed and ClinicalKey. The keywords used are nicotine and fracture healing. After being selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, 12 literature was obtained which will be reviewed. Research from 12 literature reviewed found that nicotine gave varying results on fracture healing, some of which were attributed to differences in nicotine doses or differences in the experimental animal species studied. In conclusion, nicotine has an effect on fracture healing.Key words: nicotine, fracture healing Abstrak: Proses penyembuhan patah tulang dimulai dengan tahap peradangan, yang mengarah pada pembentukan kalus dan diferensiasi jaringan di dalam kalus dan diselesaikan dengan resorpsi kalus dan remodeling tulang. Penelitian sebelumnya telah menunjukkan bahwa pengguna nikotin lebih cenderung mengalami penyembuhan luka yang lama, risiko infeksi luka yang lebih tinggi, insiden patah tulang yang lebih tinggi, insiden fraktur nonunion yang lebih tinggi, risiko malunion yang lebih tinggi, waktu yang lama untuk penyatuan patah tulang, dan peningkatan risiko osteomielitis setelah fraktur. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh paparan nikotin terhadap penyembuhan fraktur. Penelitian ini berbentuk literature review dengan pencarian data menggunakan dua database yaitu PubMed dan ClinicalKey. Kata kunci yang digunakan yaitu nikotin and penyembuhan fraktur. Setelah diseleksi berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi, didapatkan 12 literatur yang akan direview. Penelitian dari 12 literatur yang direview didapatkan bahwa nikotin memberikan hasil yang bervariasi terhadap penyembuhan patah tulang, beberapa diantaranya dianggap berasal dari perbedaan dosis nikotin atau perbedaan spesies hewan percobaan yang diteliti. Sebagai simpulan, nikotin mempunyai pengaruh terhadap penyembuhan fraktur.Kata kunci: nikotin, penyembuhan fraktur
Status Gizi Mahasiswa Sebelum dan Di Saat Pandemi COVID-19
Authors: Bolang Christy R. , Kawengian Shirley E. S. , Mayulu Nelly , Bolang Alexander S. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused Public Health Emergencies as well as non-natural disasters. Therefore, it is necessary to do countermeasures including prevention and control. Management policies, can result in changes to a person's diet, sleep habits, physical activity, and nutritional status. The purpose of this study, is to know the differences between the nutritional status of student batch of 2019 Medical Education Study Program Faculty of Medicine Sam Ratulangi University, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study is an observational retrospective study and the data were obtained through an e-questionnaire using the google form application. As a result, 112 samples were obtained through data before the pandemic with nutritional status; underweight 14.3%, normal 43.8%, overweight at risk 17.0%, obese I 19.6%, obese II 5.4%. While the nutritional status during the pandemic; underweight 17.0%, normal 48.2%, overweight at risk 17.9%, obese I 13.4%, obese II 3.6%. Statistical tests using the Wilcoxon Rank Test showed that the nutritional status category during the pandemic, was lower than the nutritional status category before the pandemic. (p <0.05). The result of this study concluded that there is a diminution in Nutritional Status category of Student Batch of 2019 Medical Education Study Program Faculty of Medicine Sam Ratulangi University during the COVID-19 pandemic.Keywords: Nutritional Status, COVID-19. Abstrak: Pandemi COVID-19 menimbulkan Kedaruratan Kesehatan Masyarakat serta bencana nonalam, sehingga perlu dilakukan upaya penanggulangan termasuk pencegahan dan pengendaliannya. Kebijakan-kebijakan penanganannya, seperti karantina, bisa mengakibatkan perubahan terhadap pola makan, kebiasaan tidur, aktivitas fisik, dan Status Gizi seseorang. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu diketahuinya perbedaan antara status gizi mahasiswa Angkatan 2019 Program Studi Pendidikan Dokter Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi pada masa sebelum dan di saat pandemi COVID-19. Penelitian ini merupakan suatu observational retrospective study dan data diperoleh melalui e-questionnaire dengan aplikasi google form. Hasil penelitian terhadap 112 sampel, diperoleh data pada masa sebelum pandemi dengan status gizi; underweight 14,3%, normal 43,8%, overweight at risk 17,0%, obese I 19,6%, obese II 5,4%. Status gizi pada masa pandemi; underweight 17,0%, normal 48,2%, overweight at risk 17,9%, obese I 13,4%, obese II 3,6%. Uji statistik dengan Wilcoxon Rank Test diperoleh kategori status gizi pada masa pandemi lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan kategori status gizi sebelum masa pandemi (p < 0,05). Dan disimpulkan bahwa terdapat penurunan kategori Status Gizi pada Mahasiswa Angkatan 2019 Program Studi Pendidikan Dokter Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi pada masa pandemi COVID-19.Kata Kunci: Status Gizi, COVID-19