bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of mitochondria DNA A10398G polymorphism on development of Parkinson's disease: A PRISMA‐compliant meta‐analysis
Authors: Tzeng I‐Shiang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundParkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by memory loss and multiple cognitive disorders caused primarily by neurodegeneration. However, the preventative effects of the mitochondrial A10398G DNA polymorphism remain controversial. This meta‐analysis comprehensively assessed evidence on the influence of the mitochondrial DNA A10398G variant on PD development.MethodsThe PubMed, EMBASE, EBSCO, Springer Link, and Web of Science databases were searched from inception to May 31, 2020. We used a pooled model with random effects to explore the effect of A10398G on the development of PD. Stata MP version 14.0 was used to calculate the odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) from the eligible studies to assess the impact of mitochondrial DNA A10398G on PD development.ResultsThe overall survey of the populations showed no significant association between mitochondrial DNA A10398G polymorphism (G allele compared to A allele) and PD (odds ratio = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.70–1.04,p = 0.111); however, a significant association between the mutation and PD was observed in the Caucasian population (odds ratio = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.58–0.87,p = 0.001). A neutral effect was observed in the Asian population (odds ratio = 1.10, 95% CI = 0.94–1.28,p = 0.242).ConclusionsThe results of this meta‐analysis showed the potential protective effect of the mitochondrial DNA A10398G polymorphism on the risk of developing PD in the Caucasian population. Studies with better designs and larger samples with intensive work are required to validate these results.
Macrophages promote cartilage regeneration in a time‐ and phenotype‐dependent manner
Authors: Yang Jiabei , Zhang Xuewei , Chen Jiaqing , Heng Boon Chin , Jiang Yangzi , Hu Xiaoyu , Ge Zigang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractImmune regulation of osteochondral defect regeneration has not yet been rigorously characterized. Although macrophages have been demonstrated to regulate the regeneration process in various tissues, their direct contribution to cartilage regeneration remains to be investigated, particularly the functions of polarized macrophage subpopulations. In this study, we investigated the origins and functions of macrophages during healing of osteochondral injury in the murine model. Upon osteochondral injury, joint macrophages are predominantly derived from circulating monocytes. Macrophages are essential for spontaneous cartilage regeneration in juvenile C57BL/6 mice, by modulating proliferation and apoptosis around the injury site. Exogeneous macrophages also exhibit therapeutic potential in promoting cartilage regeneration in adult mice with poor regenerative capacity, possibly via regulation of PDGFRα+ stem cells, with this process being influenced by initial phenotype and administration timing. Only M2c macrophages are able to promote regeneration of both cartilage tissues and subchondral bone. Overall, we reveal the direct link between macrophages and osteochondral regeneration and highlight the key roles of relevant immunological niches in successful regeneration.
Untangling the web of misinformation and false beliefs
Authors: Johar Gita Venkataramani 
Published: February 2022

AbstractStanley et al. (2022) underscore four fundamental cognitive principles that underlie the human belief system. These include the truth bias (a predisposition to believe incoming information as true), bias to extract meaning from information (use of prior expectations to make sense of new information), bias to rely on the source of information to judge truth (using judgments of source credibility to rate veracity), and bias to rely on fluency to judge truth (perceptions of ease of processing information affect truth judgments). I suggest that understanding these principles can help us defer and deflect false beliefs from becoming entrenched in consumer minds and offer ways to leverage the four principles in the service of truth. I then propose that we broaden our focus in the study of false beliefs in three ways‐‐by focusing on prevention of false beliefs rather than correction, by diversifying the dependent measures we study and by addressing the role of identity in false belief maintenance. I conclude with a discussion of some thorny issues and the need for regulation in this sphere. I seek to offer a research agenda to scholars interested in addressing the misinformation crisis that is ripping apart the fabric of our society.
Synthesis, characterization, and catalytic behaviour of nano‐bimetallic nickel oxide on the thermal decomposition of dihydroxylammonium‐5,5′‐bistetrazole‐1,1′‐diolate
Authors: Ma Yuying , Zhao Haixia , Ma Dongze , Zhang Junmei 
Published: February 2022

Abstract(Synthesis, characterization, and catalytic behaviour of nano‐bimetallic nickel oxide on the thermal decomposition of dihydroxylammonium‐5,5′‐bistetrazole‐1,1′‐diolate)Bimetal combustion catalyst has become an emerging field in recent years, which is still in its infancy. When the combustion catalyst is used in double‐base propellants, it can produce effects that conventional catalysts cannot achieve. In this study, nano‐bimetallic nickel oxides (nanospheres of NiFe2O4 and the sub‐nanometre flower NiCo2O4) were prepared by hydrothermal method and characterized using X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and N2 adsorption–desorption test (BET). Moreover, its thermal catalytic action on dihydroxylammonium 5,5'‐bistetrazole‐1,1'‐diolate (TKX‐50) was studied. The thermal analysis of composite TKX‐50/NiFe2O4 and TKX‐50/NiCo2O4 was carried out by thermogravimetric differential scanning calorimetry (TG‐DSC). The results show that when the addition amount of NiFe2O4 is 10%, the heating rate is 5.0 K min−1, the NiFe2O4 has the best catalytic activity for TKX‐50 thermal decomposition, and the high thermal decomposition peak temperature (Tpeak1) is decreased by 29 °C. More interestingly, the apparent activation energies of the two composites were calculated by Kissinger, Ozawa, and Starink methods. The advanced thermal analysis kinetics software (AKTS) was used to perform kinetic calculations on the DSC experimental curves of the above‐mentioned composite energetic materials, and reaction rate curves obtained by the simulation are in good agreement with the experimental curves of the thermal decomposition reaction process, further proving that the accuracy of the experiment is high. Therefore, the addition of NiFe2O4 shows high catalytic efficiency on the thermal decomposition of TKX‐50 components, and this would be beneficial to promote the burning rate of propellants containing TKX‐50 components. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Disparities in the allocation of inpatient physical and occupational therapy services for patients with COVID‐19
Authors: Jolley Sarah , Nordon‐Craft Amy , Wilson Melissa P. , Ridgeway Kyle , Rauzi Michelle R. , Capin Jacob , Heery Lauren M. , Stevens‐Lapsley Jennifer , Erlandson Kristine M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundSurvivors of the novel coronavirus (COVID‐19) experience significant morbidity with reduced physical function and impairments in activities of daily living. The use of in‐hospital rehabilitation therapy may reduce long‐term impairments.ObjectiveTo determine the frequency of therapy referral and treatment amongst hospitalized COVID‐19 patients, assess for disparities in referral and receipt of therapy, and identify potentially modifiable factors contributing to disparities in therapy allocation.Design, Setting and ParticipantsRetrospective cohort study using data collected from the University of Colorado Health Data Compass data warehouse assessing therapy referral rates and estimated delivery based on available administrative billing.MeasurementsMultivariable logistic regression was used to determine the association between sex and/or underrepresented minority race with therapy referral or delivery.ResultsAmongst 6239 COVID‐19‐related hospitalization, a therapy referral was present in 3952 patients (51.9%). Hispanic ethnicity was independently associated with lower odds of receipt of therapy referral (adjusted OR [aOR]: 0.78, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.67–0.93, p = .001). Advanced age (aOR: 1.53, 95% CI: 1.46–1.62, p < .001), greater COVID illness severity (aOR for intensive care unit admission: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.37–1.94, p < .01) and hospital stay (aOR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.12–1.15, p < .01) were positively associated with referral.Conclusions and RelevanceIn a cohort of patients hospitalized for COVID‐19 across a multicenter healthcare system, we found that referral rates and delivery of physical therapy and/or occupational therapy sessions were significantly reduced for patients of Hispanic identity compared with patients of non‐Hispanic, Caucasian identity after adjustment for potential confounding by available demographic and illness severity variables.
Clinical manifestation and long‐term outcome of citrin deficiency: Report from a nationwide study in Japan
Authors: Kido Jun , Häberle Johannes , Sugawara Keishin , Tanaka Toju , Nagao Masayoshi , Sawada Takaaki , Wada Yoichi , Numakura Chikahiko , Murayama Kei , Watanabe Yoriko , Kojima‐Ishii Kanako , Sasai Hideo , Kosugiyama Kiyotaka , Nakamura Kimitoshi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCitrin deficiency is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the SLC25A13 gene. The disease can present with age‐dependent clinical manifestations: neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis by citrin deficiency (NICCD), failure to thrive, and dyslipidemia by citrin deficiency (FTTDCD), and adult‐onset type II citrullinemia (CTLN2). As a nationwide study to investigate the clinical manifestations, medical therapy, and long‐term outcome in Japanese patients with citrin deficiency, we collected clinical data of 222 patients diagnosed and/or treated at various different institutions between January 2000 and December 2019. In the entire cohort, 218 patients were alive while 4 patients (1 FTTDCD and 3 CTLN2) had died. All patients <20 years were alive. Patients with citrin deficiency had an increased risk for low weight and length at birth, and CTLN2 patients had an increased risk for growth impairment during adolescence. Liver transplantation has been performed in only 4 patients (1 NICCD, 3 CTLN2) with a good response thereafter. This study reports the diagnosis and clinical course in a large cohort of patients with citrin deficiency and suggests that early intervention including a low carbohydrate diet and MCT supplementation can be associated with improved clinical course and long‐term outcome.
Sex‐based differences in the severity of radiation‐induced arthrofibrosis
Authors: Rodman Samuel N. , Kluz Paige N. , Hines Madeline R. , Oberley‐Deegan Rebecca E. , Coleman Mitchell C. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAs cancer survivorship increases, so does the number of patients that suffer from the late effects of radiation therapy. This includes arthrofibrosis, the development of stiff joints near the field of radiation. Previous reports have concentrated on skin fibrosis around the joint but largely ignored the deeper tissues of the joint. We hypothesized that fat, muscle, and the joint tissues themselves would play a more significant role in joint contracture after radiation than the skin surrounding the joint. To address this hypothesis, we irradiated the right hind flanks of mice with fractionated and unfractionated dose schedules, then monitored the mice for 3 months postradiotherapy. Mice were euthanized and physiological indications of arthrofibrosis including limb contracture and joint resting position were assessed. Stifle (knee) joints demonstrated significant arthrofibrosis, but none was observed in the hock (ankle) joints. During these studies, we were surprised to find that male and female mice showed a significantly different response to radiation injury. Female mice developed more injuries, had significantly worse contracture, and showed a greater difference in the expression of all markers studied. These results suggest that women undergoing radiation therapy might be at significantly greater risk for developing arthrofibrosis and may require specific adjustments to their care.
AND/ASPEN and the GLIM malnutrition diagnostic criteria have a high degree of criterion validity and reliability for the identification of malnutrition in a hospital setting: A single‐center prospective study
Authors: El Chaar Dayana , Mattar Lama , Fakih El Khoury Cosette 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundMultiple malnutrition diagnostic tools are available in clinical practice, yet, evidence on their validity and reliability is limited. We aim to assess and compare the validity and reliability of the different combinations of indicators of the three most used diagnostic tools with two validated malnutrition screening tools.MethodsNutrition risk screening was evaluated using the Mini Nutritional Assessment–Short Form (MNA‐SF) and the Nutrition Risk Screening‐2002 (NRS‐2002). Nutrition assessment was conducted using different combinations of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics/American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (AND/ASPEN), the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN), and the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria. Concurrent criterion validity and inter‐rater reliability of the overall and the different combinations of indicators in the diagnostic tools were evaluated and compared. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and Cohen kappa were calculated to determine tool validity and reliability.ResultsThe AND/ASPEN (132 [22.8%]) combination and GLIM‐1 (133 [23.0%]) (weight loss + compromised food intake) predicted the highest number of malnourished patients and reported a high degree of concurrent criterion validity, agreement, and reliability. On the contrary, overall ESPEN (using any combination) and GLIM‐2 (reduced body mass index [BMI] + compromised food intake) reported only moderate criterion validity and low agreement and reliability.ConclusionDifferent combinations of diagnostic criteria led to varying validity and reliability, with the lowest validation results rising from the combinations of indicators using BMI as a criterion for malnutrition diagnosis.
Piloting a training program in computed tomography skeletal muscle assessment for registered dietitians
Authors: Martin Lisa , Tom Mei , Basualdo‐Hammond Carlota , Baracos Vickie , Gramlich Leah 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundConsensus definitions for disease‐associated malnutrition and sarcopenia include reduced skeletal muscle mass as a diagnostic criterion. There is a need to develop and validate techniques to assess skeletal muscle in clinical practice. Skeletal muscle mass can be precisely quantified from computed tomography (CT) images. This pilot study aimed to train registered dietitians (RDs) to complete precise skeletal muscle measurements using CT.MethodsPurposive sampling identified RDs employed in clinical areas in which CT scans are routinely performed. CT training included (1) a 3‐Day training session focused on manual segmentation of skeletal muscle cross‐sectional areas (cm2, centimeter squared) from abdominal CT images at the third lumbar vertebra (L3), using sliceOmatic® software, and (2) a precision assessment to quantify the intraobserver and interobserver precision error of repeated skeletal muscle measurements (30 images in duplicate). Precision error is reported as the root mean standard deviation (cm2) and percent coefficient of variation (%CV), our primary performance indicator, was defined as a precision error of <2%.ResultsFive RDs completed CT training. RDs were from three clinical areas: cancer care (N = 1), surgery (N = 2), and critical care (N = 1). RDs' precision error was low and below the minimal acceptable error of <2%; intraobserver error was ≤1.8 cm2 (range, 0.8–1.8 cm2) or ≤1.5% (range, 0.8%–1.5%) and interobserver error was 1.2 cm2 or 1.1%.ConclusionRDs can be trained to perform precise CT skeletal muscle measurements. Increasing capacity to assess skeletal muscle is a first step toward developing this technique for use in clinical practice.
Analysis of CH4, C2H6, C2H4, C2H2, H2, CO, and H2S by forward Raman scattering with a hollow‐core anti‐resonant fiber
Authors: Bai Yusi , Xiong Dongsheng , Yao Zhongyi , Wang Xinbing , Zuo Duluo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFiber‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy is applied actively for gas analysis. Hollow‐core anti‐resonant fibers (HC‐ARFs) with low loss and low spatial overlap between core and cladding modes show the potential of low background. We integrated an HC‐ARF into the Raman system, collected the forward scattering radiation with a lens‐coupled imaging spectrometer, and filtered most of the background through selection of region of interest. The limits of detection (LODs) of this system were determined as 1.2 ppm·bar for CH4, 2.9 ppm·bar for C2H6, 1.6 ppm·bar for C2H4, 2.7 ppm·bar for C2H2, 13.8 ppm·bar for H2, and 16.7 ppm·bar for CO with the excitation laser of 200 mW and the exposure time of 60 s. In addition, the LOD was better than 2.5 ppm·bar for H2S. By the detection of gas samples with the critical detectable concentration, it was proven that the estimated values of LOD from the preceding experimental results are reliable and the system had practical detectability. The gas samples we tested are relevant for multiple fields such as industrial process control and environment monitoring, showing the diversified application prospects of the Raman gas analysis system based on HC‐ARF.
Effects of vegetation restoration on carbonate‐derived laterite erodibility in karst mountain areas
Authors: Feng Na , Liu Dongdong , She Dongli 
Published: February 2022

AbstractVegetation restoration can exert a profound influence on surface soil characteristics, which likely plays a significant role in the evolution of soil erodibility. This study was conducted to quantify the effects of vegetation restoration on the soil erodibility of carbonate‐derived laterite in karst areas. Experiments were conducted at two representative sites for different years of vegetation restoration. Six karst mountain land use types [grassland (Y1), shrubland (Y2) and woodland (Y3) in young forest (YF); forest trails (O1), shrubland (O2) and woodland (O3) in old forest (OF)]. A structural equation model and random forest regression analysis were applied to distinguish the key environmental factors dominating soil erodibility. The results showed that the soil erodibility K factor exponentially decreased with increasing restoration age and tended to remain stable after 20 years (y = 0.0466 + 0.0316e−0.2889x, R2 = 0.98). The K factor in the OF decreased by an average of 2.1%–14.8% compared to those in the YF. A structural equation model indicated that vegetation restoration indirectly reduced soil erodibility by altering plant growth and coverage and its associated soil property changes. A random forest regression analysis of global datasets indicated that soil erodibility is mainly affected by topographical factors (i.e., latitude, elevation and slope), and their mean decrease accuracy values (IncMSE) exceeded 20%. Both forestland and shrubland were not considered as the most important factors for affecting global soil erodibility. Conversely, grassland, cropland and bare land were among the important factors. These results could guide the potential benefits of vegetation restoration strategies to meet soil conservation and ecosystem function goals in karst mountain ecosystems.
Ultrasound‐guided transforaminal approach for nusinersen delivery in adult spinal muscle atrophy patients with challenging access
Authors: Snoj Žiga , Salapura Vladka 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroduction/AimsPrevious papers on ultrasound (US)‐guided delivery of nusinersen in patients with spinal muscle atrophy (SMA) described good results with translaminar approach. However, this approach is not possible in patients with spinal fusion and no visible interlaminar space on pre‐procedural computed tomography (CT). US‐guided transforaminal nusinersen delivery is a potential option that warrants investigation.MethodsTwenty adult SMA patients with challenging access were treated in our institution under cone beam CT (CBCT) guidance. The patients were already in the maintenance phase of the dosing protocol and were prospectively evaluated for US‐guided transforaminal approach. After they completed one injection via US‐guided transforaminal approach, success and safety of the approach were analyzed. Patients shared their experience on US‐guided in comparison to CBCT‐guided injections.ResultsUS‐guided transforaminal puncture was possible in 14 (70.0%) patients, although 2 of them required needle repositioning under fluoroscopy due to inadvertent access of a prominent vein. US‐guided transforaminal approach was therefore successful in 60% of patients. Mild adverse events were recorded in four patients. The survey on patients' experience showed that seven reported no difference in the two approaches, six preferred the US‐guided procedure, and one preferred the CBCT‐guided procedure.DiscussionUS‐guided transforaminal lumbar approach is an effective and safe method of intrathecal nusinersen delivery in adult SMA patients with challenging spinal access and could be considered the first option in appropriately selected adult SMA patients requiring transforaminal nusinersen delivery.
A dose‐escalation clinical trial of intranasal ketamine for uncontrolled cancer‐related pain
Authors: Singh Vinita , Gillespie Theresa W. , Lane Olabisi , Spektor Boris , Zarrabi Ali John , Egan Katherine , Curseen Kimberly , Tsvetkova Maya , Beumer Jan H. , Sniecinski Roman , Shteamer Jack W. , Switchenko Jeffery , Harvey R. Donald 
Published: February 2022

AbstractStudy ObjectiveThe objective of our study was to determine safety and pharmacology (pharmacokinetics and preliminary efficacy) of intranasal (IN) ketamine for uncontrolled cancer‐related pain.DesignDose escalation clinical trial.SettingOutpatient.PatientsTen adult patients with uncontrolled cancer‐related pain.InterventionEach patient received escalating doses of ketamine over four visits, each 2–5 days apart: 10 mg IN at visit 1, 10 mg intravenous (IV) at visit 2, 30 mg IN at visit 3, and 50 mg IN at visit 4.MeasurementsPain was measured before and after drug administration for up to 4 h using the 11 point (0–10) Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS).Main ResultsAll subjects had advanced cancer, with intractable pain, despite being on moderate dosage of opioids. There was a statistically significant reduction in median NPRS by 1.5 (1–4), 3 (2–3), and 4 (3–5) points at 60 min after receiving the medication and remained decreased by 1.5 (1–2), 2 (1–2) and 1 (1–4) points at the end of the study visit (240 min) with the 10 mg, 30 mg and 50 mg IN dosage, respectively. The median percentage of maximal pain relief being 22.5 (16.6–71.5), 65.5 (40–100), and 69.25 (50–100) for 10 mg, 30 mg and 50 mg IN dosage, respectively and 100 (75–100) with 10 mg IV dose. All side effects (nausea and feeling of unreality) resolved by the end of each study visit. No severe adverse events occurred.ConclusionIn this single‐institution study, all dosages of IN ketamine administered in the study (10, 30, and 50 mg) provided significant pain relief for intractable cancer‐related pain and were well tolerated. The 50 mg dose provided maximal pain relief without major side effects. Further study focused on repeated administration efficacy and safety for cancer‐related pain is warranted.