bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Underrepresented Populations in Parkinson's Genetics Research: Current Landscape and Future Directions
Authors: Schumacher‐Schuh Artur Francisco , Bieger Andrei , Okunoye Olaitan , Mok Kin Ying , Lim Shen‐Yang , Bardien Soraya , Ahmad‐Annuar Azlina , Santos‐Lobato Bruno Lopes , Strelow Matheus Zschornack , Salama Mohamed , Rao Shilpa C. , Zewde Yared Zenebe , Dindayal Saiesha , Azar Jihan , Prashanth Lingappa Kukkle , Rajan Roopa , Noyce Alastair J. , Okubadejo Njideka , Rizig Mie , Lesage Suzanne , Mata Ignacio Fernandez ,   Global Parkinson's Genetics Program (GP2)
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundHuman genetics research lacks diversity; over 80% of genome‐wide association studies have been conducted on individuals of European ancestry. In addition to limiting insights regarding disease mechanisms, disproportionate representation can create disparities preventing equitable implementation of personalized medicine.ObjectiveThis systematic review provides an overview of research involving Parkinson's disease (PD) genetics in underrepresented populations (URP) and sets a baseline to measure the future impact of current efforts in those populations.MethodsWe searched PubMed and EMBASE until October 2021 using search strings for “PD,” “genetics,” the main “URP,” and and the countries in Latin America, Caribbean, Africa, Asia, and Oceania (excluding Australia and New Zealand). Inclusion criteria were original studies, written in English, reporting genetic results on PD from non‐European populations. Two levels of independent reviewers identified and extracted information.ResultsWe observed imbalances in PD genetic studies among URPs. Asian participants from Greater China were described in the majority of the articles published (57%), but other populations were less well studied; for example, Blacks were represented in just 4.0% of the publications. Also, although idiopathic PD was more studied than monogenic forms of the disease, most studies analyzed a limited number of genetic variants. We identified just nine studies using a genome‐wide approach published up to 2021, including URPs.ConclusionThis review provides insight into the significant lack of population diversity in PD research highlighting the immediate need for better representation. The Global Parkinson's Genetics Program (GP2) and similar initiatives aim to impact research in URPs, and the early metrics presented here can be used to measure progress in the field of PD genetics in the future. © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Core/shell magnetite/copolymer composite nanoparticles enabling highly stable magnetorheological response
Authors: Han Wenjiao , Wang Shun , Rui Xiaoting , Dong Yuzhen , Choi Hyoungjin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMagnetorheological fluids (MRFs) have been successfully used in a variety of smart control systems, but are still limited due to their relatively poor settling stability. Herein, a core/shell‐structured Fe3O4/copolymer composite nanoparticle is synthesized as a new candidate material for stimulus‐responsive MRFs to tackle the limitation of the long‐term dispersion stability. Aniline‐co‐diphenylamine copolymers (PANI‐co‐PDPA) are loaded onto the surface of Fe3O4 nanoparticles, providing a lighter density and sufficient active interface for the dispersion of magnetic particles in the carrier medium. The features of the Fe3O4/copolymer composite nanoparticles, including morphology, compositional, and crystalline properties, are characterized. An MRF is prepared by suspending Fe3O4/copolymer composite nanoparticles in a nonmagnetic medium oil, and its rheological properties are assessed using a controlled shear rate test and dynamic oscillation tests using a rotational rheometer. Rheological models including the Bingham model and the Herschel–Bulkley model are fitted to the flow curves of the MRF. The obtained Fe3O4/copolymer composite shows soft‐magnetic properties, as well as greater density adaptability and higher stability, compared to Fe3O4. Moreover, the sedimentation testing provides information about the dispersion stability characteristics of MRF and shows a good correlation with high‐stability magnetorheological (MR) response. The Fe3O4/copolymer‐based MRF with a tunable and instantaneous MR response is considered a promising material for smart control applications.
Experiences of undergraduate nursing students who worked clinically during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Dempsey Laura , Gaffney Lorraine , Bracken Sinead , Tully Agnes , Corcoran Olivia , McDonnell‐Naughton Mary , Sweeney Lisa , McDonnell Denise 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimThis study explored the experiences of undergraduate nursing students who worked clinically during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Irish healthcare settings.DesignA qualitative descriptive approach was employed.MethodsOnline focus group interviews were used to collect data from general nursing students (N = 47) between February and April 2021. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsDescriptive thematic analysis of the data revealed five themes; changes in care delivery, changes in communication and relationships with the patient, an emotionally charged work atmosphere, coping strategies during the pandemic and student learning specific to COVID‐19. Challenges such as an increased workload, fear of contracting the virus and taking on novel and additional roles were revealed. Students remained undeterred, and despite the many challenges faced, they largely viewed their experiences as a source of personal and professional growth, and benefitted from the learning opportunities afforded to them.
Quantitative research on the impact of COVID‐19 on frontline nursing staff at a military hospital in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Sharif Loujain , Almutairi Khalid , Sharif Khalid , Mahsoon Alaa , Banakhar Maram , Albeladi Salwa , Alqahtani Yaser , Attar Zalikha , Abdali Farida , Wright Rebecca 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimThe aim of the study was to examine the relationship between stress, psychological symptoms and job satisfaction among frontline nursing staff at a military hospital in Saudi Arabia during the COVID‐19 pandemic.DesignDescriptive cross‐sectional study.MethodsData were collected using an online survey. All Registered Nurses (N = 1,225) working at a military hospital between February to April 2021 were contacted, 625 responded (51%). Data were analysed using descriptive and multivariate analysis, Student's t‐test for independent samples and one‐way analysis of variance followed by Tukey's multiple comparison tests.ResultsStress was experienced more significantly than depression or anxiety. Approximately 29% of the change in scores for psychological symptoms was explained by age group, being a Saudi national and working in emergency departments (F[3,620] = 19.063, p < 0.0001). A 37% change in nursing stress scores was explained by nationality and work department. (F[5,618] = 19.754, p < 0.0001). A 29% change in job satisfaction scores was explained by nationality and work department (F[3,620] = 19.063, p < 0.0001).
Experimental and multi‐scale finite element modeling for evaluating healing efficiency of electro‐sprayed microcapsule based glass fiber‐reinforced polymer composites
Authors: Dadras Hooman , Barbaz‐Isfahani Reza , Saber‐Samandari Saeed , Salehi Manouchehr 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMicrocapsule based glass fiber‐reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites have attracted enormous attention due to enhancement of structures' longevity, reducing expenses, and simplicity of fabrication process. In this study, a micromechanical model of a woven E‐glass/epoxy composite containing microcapsules was developed based on finite element analysis (FEA). Modified sequential adsorption algorithm was chosen to generate and disperse microcapsules in three types of representative volume elements (RVEs). Also, mechanical properties of microcapsules and composite were assigned based on nanoindentation tests and standard experimental tests, respectively. Eventually, multi‐scaling method was implemented to homogenize maximum tensile stress, and subsequent evaluation of tensile after impact (TAI) healing efficiency. Therefore, a healing efficiency of 71% was obtained based on three types of simulations encompassing low‐velocity impact (LVI) and quasi‐static tensile tests on the RVEs. In order to validate the results; first, an electrospraying set‐up was exploited to fabricate multicore microcapsules. The fabricated microcapsules contained mercaptan hardener and epoxy resin as the healing agents, and they were covered by alginate shell. Second, incorporated composite specimens with microcapsules were fabricated via the hand‐layup method. The average TAI healing efficiency of 67% was achieved by experimental tests. Furthermore, scanning electron microscope images of the fractured surfaces confirmed rupture of microcapsules in the LVI test.
Preparation of nitrile butadiene rubber/fly ash composites by designing a surficial immobile layer
Authors: Ma Chuangchi , Wu Yujun , Zheng Hansen , Liang Yangfan , He Zhixiang , Liu Jiamin , Cai Wanyi , Liu Xiaohui , Yang Shuyan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFly ash (FA), a solid waste product from thermal power stations, can be served as a nonreinforcing filler for polymers. Due to the lack of hydroxyl groups of FA, it is infeasible to prepare polymer composites with excellent properties by coupling agents. In this work, high performance nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR)/FA composites were prepared by designing a surficial immobility layer. First, the carboxyl group of sorbic acid (SA) undergoes interfacial acid‐base neutralization reaction with metals oxide of FA to form ionic bonds. Second, the double bonds of SA can graft to NBR molecular chains with the assistance of a peroxide initiator. Consequently, 500% modulus and tensile strength of NBR/30FA/8SA composites are higher than those of NBR/30FA composite by 213.8% and 125.9%, respectively, which makes FA changing from the nonreinforcing filler to reinforcing filler and provides a new way for the large‐scale utilization of FA in the polymer industry.
Significant enhancement of tribological performance of carbon fabric/phenolic composites via interfacial modification and use of a lubricant additive
Authors: Chen Beibei , Li Jiaye , Yang Bi , Dong Zhe , Li Hongping 
Published: July 2022

AbstractImproving the tribological performance of carbon fabric (CF)/polymer composites is vitally significant for developing high‐performance lubricating materials. We propose the combination of interfacial modification and use of a lubricant additive to enhance the antifriction and anti‐wear properties of CF/phenolic (PF) composites. And the tribological properties of CF/PF composites were characterized using ball‐on‐disc friction and wear tester. First, ZnO nanorods were densely and uniformly grown on the carbon fiber surface using POSS as a “bridge molecule” to make fiber with a rough micro‐nano microstructure and active functional groups; this was conducive to enhancing the interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) and wear resistance of CF/PF. Then, graphite (Gr) was further introduced as a lubrication additive into the modified CF‐POSS‐ZnO/PF to increase the friction‐reducing capacity. The corresponding modified composite with 5 wt% Gr demonstrated outstanding tribological performance. The coefficient of friction and wear rate decreased by 55.37% and 93.36%, respectively, compared to those of CF/PF. Moreover, it still retained outstanding friction and wear properties in the sliding process with high loads and speeds. The synergistic mechanism of interfacial modification and lubricant additive on the tribological performance of CF/PF are discussed systematically on the basis of the analysis of the ILSS, fracture surface microstructures, and worn surfaces of the composites. This work might shed new light on the design and development of high antifriction and anti‐wear CF/polymer composites.
Effect of nanosilica on mechanical, thermal, fatigue, and antimicrobial properties of cardanol oil/sisal fiber reinforced epoxy composite
Authors: Subbiah Ram , A. Arivumangai , Kaliappan S. , V. Balaji , G. Yuvaraj , P. Patil Pravin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSisal fiber reinforced nanosilica and cardanol oil toughened epoxy composites were prepared and characterized in this present work. The main aim of this study was to understand the importance of adding cardanol oil and nanosilica to sisal‐reinforced epoxy composites in enhancing the load bearing, thermal stability, and antimicrobial properties. The composites were fabricated by the hand layup process and specimens were cut using a water jet machine. The composites were tested using the respective ASTM standards. The results found that the blending of cardanol oil makes the epoxy less brittle and the composites are environment friendly. Similarly, nanosilica with sisal fiber in cardanol oil blended epoxy composites showed improved mechanical properties. The highest tensile strength and modulus were found to be 56% and 64% than pure epoxy resin. The maximum impact resistances and hardness values observed for the composites are 6.48 J and 91 shore‐D. Moreover, improved fatigue life counts were observed for composite designation ECN2, which contains 1.0 vol% of nanosilica, but also a decrement in it if the volume percentage was increased to 2.0. The antimicrobial properties improved with the increment of nanosilica and cardanol oil content. These eco‐friendly, mechanically toughened biocomposites could be used in drug and food storage, automotives, drones, structural, and sports goods as well as in household appliances manufacturing.
Mechanical stacked GaAs//CuIn1−yGaySe2three‐junction solar cells with 30% efficiency via an improved bonding interface and area current‐matching technique
Authors: Makita Kikuo , Kamikawa Yukiko , Koida Takashi , Mizuno Hidenori , Oshima Ryuji , Shoji Yasushi , Ishizuka Shogo , Takamoto Tatsuya , Sugaya Takeyoshi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMultijunction (MJ) solar cells have attracted considerable attention as next‐generation solar cells. III–V‐based MJ solar cells connected to heterogeneous cells, such as GaAs//Si and GaAs//CIGSe (CuIn1−yGaySe2), are expected to be highly efficient and inexpensive. Consequently, we have developed a mechanical stacking method with Pd nanoparticles and silicone adhesives for the bonding interface, which was modified for our previous “smart stack” technology. Using this “modified smart stack,” we previously demonstrated an InGaP/Al0.06Ga0.94As//CIGSe three‐junction solar cell with an efficiency of 28.06%. In this study, we fabricated an InGaP/GaAs//CIGSe three‐junction solar cell. The total efficiency is 29.3% for the aperture area (31.0% for the active area) under AM1.5G solar spectrum illumination, which is the optimal value reported for two‐terminal GaAs//CIGSe‐based tandem solar cells thus far. This superior performance was realized by using a specialized CIGSe cell with a flattened surface via a wet etching process and a thin In2O3;Ce,H transparent conducting oxide layer. Using an area current‐matching technique, the efficiency increased to 30%. In addition, the bonding resistivity of the fabricated solar cell was estimated to be less than 1 Ωcm2from solar‐concentrated measurements. These results suggest the potential of III–V//CIGSe‐based tandem solar cells with modified smart stack technology as next‐generation photovoltaic cells for applications such as vehicle‐integrated photovoltaics.
Acoustic detection of the wood borer, Semanotus bifasciatus, as an early monitoring technology
Authors: Jiang Qi , Liu Yujie , Ren Lili , Sun Yu , Luo Youqing 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDSemanotus bifasciatus Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is one of the most destructive wood‐boring pests of Platycladus trees in East Asia, threatening the protection of antique cypresses and urban ecological safety. Early identification of Semanotus bifasciatus attacks can help forest managers mitigate the infestation before it turns into an outbreak. Acoustic detection technology is a non‐destructive and continuous monitoring method with the potential to early identify and accurately evaluate the wood‐boring damage. However, few studies have focused on the detection timing and corresponding acoustic features. In this study, we employed a manipulated insect infestation experiment to identify time windows in which early instar Semanotus bifasciatus larvae are most actively boring and feeding within logs and to identify acoustic features that distinguish larval sounds from typical background noise.RESULTSThe Semanotus bifasciatus larvae produced sounds most frequently between 13:00 and 20:00 while sounds were detectable from the first to the third instar during the larval growth stage, indicating a suitable time window for early detection. The stepwise regression (SR) model was optimal for detecting the larval instar [coefficient of determination (R2) = 0.71, root mean squared error of prediction (RMSEp) = 0.42, and relative percent deviation (RPD) = 3.38] while the best model for predicting larval population size was the partial least squares regression (PLSR) model (R2 = 0.97, RMSEp = 61.96, and RPD = 28.87).CONCLUSIONThis study developed an acoustic method for identifying the early attack of Semanotus bifasciatus (including detection time window, feature variables and models for larval instar prediction and population size estimation). This technology integrated with internet of things (IoT) framework can be of value in developing an automated monitoring system for forest wood borer, and provide necessary guidance for integrated pest management (IPM). © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Life history traits and a method for continuous mass rearing of the planthopper Pentastiridius leporinus, a vector of the causal agent of syndrome ‘basses richesses’ in sugar beet
Authors: Pfitzer René , Varrelmann Mark , Schrameyer Klaus , Rostás Michael 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe planthopper Pentastiridius leporinus (Hemiptera: Cixiidae) is the main vector of the γ‐3 proteobacterium ‘Candidatus Arsenophonus phytopathogenicus’ which causes the syndrome ‘basses richesses’ (SBR) in sugar beet. SBR is a new and fast‐spreading disease in Central Europe that leads to high yield losses. To date, the development of management strategies has been hampered by insufficient knowledge about general life history traits of the planthopper and, most importantly, the year‐round availability of insects reared under controlled conditions. Rearing of P. leporinus has been considered challenging and to date no protocol exists.RESULTSHere we describe a method for mass rearing P. leporinus on sugar beet from egg to adult that has produced five generations and over 20 000 individuals between June 2020 and March 2022. An alternative host such as wheat is not necessary for completing the life cycle. No‐choice experiments showed that P. leporinus lays 139.1 ± 132.9 eggs on sugar beet, whereas no oviposition was observed on its nymphal host wheat. Head capsule width was identified as a trait that unequivocally distinguished the five nymphal instars. Developmental time from first instar to adult was 193.6 ± 35.8 days for males and 193.5 ± 59.2 days for females. Infection rates of adults were tested with a nested polymerase chain reaction. The results demonstrated that 70%–80% of reared planthoppers across all generations carried the SBR proteobacterium.CONCLUSIONThe mass‐rearing protocol and life history data will help overcome an important bottleneck in SBR research and enhance efforts in developing integrated pest management tools. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Fangchinoline abrogates growth and survival of hepatocellular carcinoma by negative regulation of c‐met/HGF and its associated downstream signaling pathways
Authors: Jung Young Yun , Um Jae‐Young , Sethi Gautam , Ahn Kwang Seok 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAmong all cancers, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a lethal disease with limited treatment options. In this study, we have analyzed the possible inhibitory effects of Fangchinoline (FCN) on c‐Met, a protein known to regulate the rapid phosphorylation of downstream signals, as well as mediate aberrant growth, metastasis, survival, and motility in cancer. FCN inhibited the activation of c‐Met and its downstream signals PI3K, AKT, mTOR, MEK, and ERK under in vitro settings. Moreover, c‐Met gene silencing lead to suppression of PI3K/AKT/mTOR and MEK/ERK signaling pathways, and induced apoptotic cell death upon exposure to FCN. In addition, FCN markedly inhibited the expression of the various oncogenic proteins such as Bcl‐2/xl, survivin, IAP‐1/2, cyclin D1, and COX‐2. In vivo studies in HepG2 cells xenograft mouse model showed that FCN could significantly attenuate the tumor volume and weight, without affecting significant loss in the body weight. Similar to in vitro studies, expression level of c‐Met and PI3K/AKT/mTOR, MEK/ERK signals was also suppressed by FCN in the tissues obtained from mice. Therefore, the novel findings of this study suggest that FCN can potentially function as a potent anticancer agent against HCC.
Prediction of patient outcomes through social determinants of health: The Pulmonary Hypertension Association Registry (PHAR) evaluation
Authors: Grinnan Dan , Kang Le , DeWilde Christine , Badesch David , Benza Raymond , Bull Todd , Chakinala Murali , DeMarco Teresa , Feldman Jeremy , Ford Hubert J. , Klinger James , McConnell John , Rosenzweig Erika B. , Sager Jeffrey , Shlobin Oksana , Zamanian Roham ,   the PHAR Investigators
Published: July 2022

AbstractOutcomes of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) may be associated with social determinants of health (SDOH) and other baseline patient characteristics. At present, there is no prognostic model to predict important patient outcomes in PAH based on SDOH. Utilizing information from the Pulmonary Hypertension Association Registry (PHAR), we derive a model (PHAR Evaluation or PHARE) to predict an important composite patient outcomes based on SDOH and other patient characteristics. Baseline data regarding SDOH from adult patients with PAH enrolled in the PHAR between 2015 and March 23, 2020, were included for analysis. We performed repeated measures logistic regression modeling with dichotomous outcome data (0 for no events, 1 for one or more events) to derive the PHARE. Here, 1275 consecutive adult patients enrolled in the PHAR from 47 participating centers were included. Variables included in our model are race, gender, ethnicity, household income, level of education, age, body mass index, drug use, alcohol use, marital status, and type of health insurance. Interaction effect between variables was analyzed and several interactions were also included in the PHARE. The PHARE shows a c‐statistic of 0.608 (p < 0.0001) with 95% confidence intervals (0.583, 0.632). Using SDOH and baseline characteristics from the PHAR, the PHARE correlates with our composite patient outcome. Further work evaluating the role of SDOH in prognostic modeling of PAH is indicated.