bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non-opioid analgesics and post-operative pain following transoral robotic surgery for oropharyngeal cancer
Authors: Van Abel K M , Sauer A B , Kruthiventi S C , Weingarten T N , Noel D B , Price D L , Kasperbauer J L , Janus J R , Olsen K D , Moore E J 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate associations between multimodal analgesia and post-operative pain among patients undergoing transoral robotic surgery for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.MethodsRecords of patients who underwent surgery from 5 September 2012 to 30 November 2016 were abstracted. Associations were assessed using multivariable analysis.ResultsA total of 216 patients (mean age of 59.1 years, 89.4 per cent male) underwent transoral robotic surgery (92.6 per cent were human papilloma virus positive, 87.5 per cent had stage T1–T2 tumours, and 82.9 per cent had stage N0–N1 nodes). Gabapentin (n = 86) was not associated with a reduction in severe pain. Ibuprofen (n = 72) was administered less often in patients with severe pain. Gabapentin was not associated with increased post-operative sedation (p = 0.624) and ibuprofen was not associated with increased bleeding (p = 0.221). Post-operative opioid usage was not associated with surgical duration, pharyngotomy, bilateral neck dissections, tumour stage, tumour size, subsite or gabapentin.ConclusionScheduled low-dose gabapentin was not associated with improved pain control or increased respiratory depression. Ibuprofen was not associated with an increased risk of bleeding and may be under-utilised.
Labor Unions and Voter Turnout in the American States: Direct Versus Indirect Mobilization
Authors: Kim Gidong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractI examine the relationship between labor unions and voter turnout in the American states. Though it is well known that unions increase turnout directly, we know less about their indirect effects. Moreover, the indirect effects may consist of nonmember mobilization and aggregate strength. To examine the direct and indirect mechanisms, I analyze both state-level panel data and individual-level data with a multilevel approach. First, my panel analysis shows that unions are positively associated with turnout as expected. Yet, the association is observed only in midterm elections, but not in presidential elections. Second, more importantly, my individual-level analysis suggests that indirect nonmember mobilization and indirect aggregate strength are positively related to turnout, while direct member mobilization is not. The findings imply that the direct effects are limited and, thus, that decreasing levels of voter turnout due to recently declining union membership come primarily from indirect mobilization rather than direct mobilization.
Net‐Zero CO2 Germany—A Retrospect From the Year 2050
Authors: Mengis Nadine , Kalhori Aram , Simon Sonja , Harpprecht Carina , Baetcke Lars , Prats‐Salvado Enric , Schmidt‐Hattenberger Cornelia , Stevenson Angela , Dold Christian , El Zohbi Juliane , Borchers Malgorzata , Thrän Daniela , Korte Klaas , Gawel Erik , Dolch Tobias , Heß Dominik , Yeates Christopher , Thoni Terese , Markus Till , Schill Eva , Xiao Mengzhu , Köhnke Fiona , Oschlies Andreas , Förster Johannes , Görl Knut , Dornheim Martin , Brinkmann Torsten , Beck Silke , Bruhn David , Li Zhan , Steuri Bettina , Herbst Michael , Sachs Torsten , Monnerie Nathalie , Pregger Thomas , Jacob Daniela , Dittmeyer Roland 
Published: January 2022

AbstractGermany 2050: For the first time Germany reached a balance between its sources of anthropogenic CO2 to the atmosphere and newly created anthropogenic sinks. This backcasting study presents a fictional future in which this goal was achieved by avoiding (∼645 Mt CO2), reducing (∼50 Mt CO2) and removing (∼60 Mt CO2) carbon emissions. This meant substantial transformation of the energy system, increasing energy efficiency, sector coupling, and electrification, energy storage solutions including synthetic energy carriers, sector‐specific solutions for industry, transport, and agriculture, as well as natural‐sink enhancement and technological carbon dioxide options. All of the above was necessary to achieve a net‐zero CO2 system for Germany by 2050.
Subsurface Imaging With Ocean‐Bottom Distributed Acoustic Sensing and Water Phases Reverberations
Authors: Spica Zack J. , Castellanos Jorge C. , Viens Loïc , Nishida Kiwamu , Akuhara Takeshi , Shinohara Masanao , Yamada Tomoaki 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSeismic waves from earthquakes recorded on the seafloor are composed of complex multiple arrivals. Here, distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) observations along a cable located offshore the Sanriku Coast, Japan, show that the local earthquake wavefield is particularly rich in Scholte waves. We introduce a processing pipeline to extract these surface waves from DAS records. We then invert hundreds of dispersion curves along a section of the cable to form a shallow high‐resolution shear‐wave velocity model. Moreover, we focus on the possible generation mechanisms of Scholte waves through a series of 2D and 3D full‐wavefield numerical simulations. We show that water phase reverberations greatly contribute to the generation of Scholte waves on the ocean floor. This study demonstrates the potential of DAS to observe and better understand a poorly known marine wave phenomenon and image the offshore shallow seismic structure with an unprecedented spatial resolution.
Dynamic Synoptic Eddy Feedbacks Contributing to Maintenance and Propagation of Intraseasonal NAO
Authors: Ren Hong‐Li , Zhou Fang , Nie Yu , Zhao Shuo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study examines the dynamic feedbacks generated from synoptic eddies that contribute to maintenance and propagation of the intraseasonal North Atlantic Oscillation (ISNAO) which has significant 20−60‐day variability and features clearly westward and slightly northward propagations. The ISNAO‐related eddy‐vorticity fluxes and induced forcing contribute the positive in‐phase feedback and upstream feedback to ISNAO. Due to the accumulated shearing effect of ISNAO zonal wind anomalies, synoptic eddy structures can be statistically changed in a zonally titling way, which forms quadrupole patterns of anomalous eddy structure and further generates meridional eddy‐vorticity fluxes by multiplying basic eddy velocity by anomalous eddy vorticity. These meridional fluxes diverge from the ISNAO pattern and the area in its west and mainly induce the eddy‐vorticity forcing pattern in phase with and upstream of ISNAO, where the in‐phase feedback maintains ISNAO and the upstream feedback with a northward shift contributes to the westward and northward propagations of ISNAO.
Contributions of Anomalous Large‐Scale Circulations to the Absence of Tropical Cyclones Over the Western North Pacific in July 2020
Authors: Liu Hao‐Yan , Gu Jian‐Feng , Wang Yuqing , Xu Jing 
Published: January 2022

AbstractNo tropical cyclone (TC) formed over the western North Pacific (WNP) in July 2020, which is record‐breaking. Some recent studies suggested that this extreme event was mainly caused by the strong WNP subtropical high (WNPSH) in July 2020, which might not be the only reason. In this study, results from statistical and composite analyses indicate that the strong WNPSH, the strong South Asian high, the westward extended tropical upper‐tropospheric trough, and the weak South Asian summer monsoon are all detrimental to TC genesis over the WNP and might contribute to the absence of TCs in July 2020. Results from sensitivity experiments using a regional atmospheric model that can resolve TCs further demonstrate that it was the collective effect, not any of the individual large‐scale circulation anomalies, that induced the extremely unfavorable conditions for TC genesis and thus led to the record‐breaking inactive TC month.
Fine Ash‐Bearing Particles as a Major Aerosol Component in Biomass Burning Smoke
Authors: Adachi Kouji , Dibb Jack E. , Scheuer Eric , Katich Joseph M. , Schwarz Joshua P. , Perring Anne E. , Mediavilla Braden , Guo Hongyu , Campuzano‐Jost Pedro , Jimenez Jose L. , Crawford James , Soja Amber J. , Oshima Naga , Kajino Mizuo , Kinase Takeshi , Kleinman Lawrence , Sedlacek Arthur J. , Yokelson Robert J. , Buseck Peter R. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBiomass burning (BB) events are occurring globally with increasing frequency, and their emissions are having more impacts on human health and climate. Large ash particles are recognized as a BB product with major influences on soil and water environments. However, fine‐ash particles, which have diameters smaller than several microns and characteristic morphologies and compositions (mainly Ca and Mg carbonates), have not yet been explicitly considered as a major BB aerosol component either in field observations or climate models. This study measured BB aerosol samples using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and ion chromatography during the Fire Influence on Regional to Global Environments and Air Quality (FIREX‐AQ) campaign. We show that significant amounts of fine ash‐bearing particles are transported >100 km from their fire sources. Our environmental chamber experiments suggest that they can act as cloud condensation and ice nuclei. We also found considerable amounts of fine ash‐bearing particles in the TEM samples collected during previous campaigns (Biomass Burning Observation Project and Megacity Initiative: Local and Global Research Observations). These ash particles are commonly mixed with organic matter and make up ∼8% and 5% of BB smoke by number and mass, respectively, in samples collected during the FIREX‐AQ campaign. The measured ash‐mass concentrations are approximately five times and six times greater than those of BB black carbon and potassium, respectively, scaling to an estimated global emission of 11.6 Tg yr−1with a range of 8.8–16.3 Tg yr−1. Better characterization and constraints on these fine ash‐bearing particles will improve BB aerosol measurements and strengthen assessments of BB impacts on human health and climate.
40Ar/39Ar Age Constraints on HP/LT Metamorphism in Extensively Overprinted Units: The Example of the Alpujárride Subduction Complex (Betic Cordillera, Spain)
Authors: Bessière Eloïse , Scaillet Stéphane , Augier Romain , Jolivet Laurent , Miguel Azañón Jose , Booth‐Rea Guillermo , Romagny Adrien , Duval Florian 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWidespread overprinting of early high‐pressure/low‐temperature (HP/LT) subduction stages due to subsequent collisional or late‐orogenic tectono‐metamorphic events is a common feature affecting the interpretation of geochronologic data from HP/LT orogens. The Betic‐Rif orogen is exemplary in this connection as a great majority of published radiometric ages are found to cluster around 20 Ma. This clustering is commonly interpreted as reflecting a short, yet complex, succession of tectono‐metamorphic events spanning only over a few Myr, including back‐arc extension and overthrusting of the Internal Zones on the External Zones. An alternative explanation consists in the poor preservation of a much earlier HP/LT metamorphic event, presumably Eocene, coeval with subduction and crustal thickening in the Internal Zones, and particularly the Alpujárride Complex. However, this age is vividly debated due to widespread resetting by the Early Miocene HT/LP overprint. In this study, we provide new 40Ar/39Ar evidence from white micas selected along an E‐W section of the Internal Betics, from the central to the eastern Alpujárride Complex. Our new data show (a) that exceptionally well‐preserved HP/LT parageneses in this unit retain a well‐defined Eocene age around 38 Ma, and (b) that widespread 20 Ma ages recorded all along the section correspond to a regional stage of exhumation, coeval with a major change in the kinematics of back‐arc extension. Our study provides conclusive evidence that 40Ar/39Ar dating of carefully targeted HP/LT associations can overcome the problem of extensive late‐orogenic overprinting, testifying for an Eocene HP event around 38 Ma in the Betic‐Rif orogen.
A metallic anti-biofouling surface with a hierarchical topography containing nanostructures on curved micro-riblets
Authors: Kim Taekyung , Kwon Sunmok , Lee Jeehyeon , Lee Joon Sang , Kang Shinill 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMetallic surface finishes have been used in the anti-biofouling, but it is very difficult to produce surfaces with hierarchically ordered structures. In the present study, anti-biofouling metallic surfaces with nanostructures superimposed on curved micro-riblets were produced via top-down fabrication. According to the attachment theory, these surfaces feature few attachment points for organisms, the nanostructures prevent the attachment of bacteria and algal zoospores, while the micro-riblets prohibit the settlement of macrofoulers. Anodic oxidation was performed to induce superhydrophilicity. It forms a hydration layer on the surface, which physically blocks foulant adsorption along with the anti-biofouling topography. We characterized the surfaces via scanning electron and atomic force microscopy, contact-angle measurement, and wear-resistance testing. The contact angle of the hierarchical structures was less than 1°. Laboratory settlement assays verified that bacterial attachment was dramatically reduced by the nanostructures and/or the hydration layer, attributable to superhydrophilicity. The micro-riblets prohibited the settlement of macrofoulers. Over 77 days of static immersion in the sea during summer, the metallic surface showed significantly less biofouling compared to a surface painted with an anticorrosive coating.
Supportive treatment of vascular dysfunction in pediatric subjects with obesity: the OBELIX study
Authors: Pecoraro Luca , Zoller Thomas , Atkinson Richard L. , Nisi Fulvio , Antoniazzi Franco , Cavarzere Paolo , Piacentini Giorgio , Pietrobelli Angelo 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Overweight or obese children develop abnormal endothelial cell dysfunction and arterial intima–media thickening with increased vasomotor tone and inflammation. Curcumin, resveratrol, zinc, magnesium, selenium, and vitamin D have shown beneficial effects on endothelial function. We test, among overweight and obese pediatric subjects, the effects on the endothelium of a combination of curcumin, resveratrol, zinc, magnesium, selenium, and vitamin D.

Methods
Forty-eight subjects (6–17 years) were randomized into two groups (placebo vs treatment) attended three visits at 0, 3, and 6 months (±15 days). Endothelial function was assessed by means of a post-occlusive release hyperemic (PORH) test for estimation of delta flow (DF) and hyperemic AUC index, and a heat provocation test (HPT) to measure DF HPT (DFHPT).

Results
Significant DF difference was noted at 6 months in both groups (p < 0.001). Overall time trend was significantly different between baseline, 3 months, and 6 months both in placebo (p < 0.05) and treatment (p < 0.001) groups and their comparison (p < 0.001). No differences were noted in hyperemic AUC index (3 and 6 months), whilst there were significant differences in time trends of rreatment (p < 0.001) and placebo (p < 0.05) groups and their comparison (p < 0.001). DFHPT difference between groups was significant at 3 and 6 months (p < 0.05). The overall time trend was significant exclusively in Treatment group between 3 and 6 months (p < 0.05). Correlation with anthropometrics was found for DF and body mass index (r = 0.677 6 months, p < 0.05), as well as for hyperemic AUC index and males (r = 0.348, p < 0.05), while DFHPT showed no correlation.

Conclusion
Curcumin, resveratrol, zinc, magnesium, selenium, and vitamin D appear to be promising in enhancing endothelial function by improvement of both DF in the PORH test and DF in the HPT, lowering the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases in overweight and obese pediatric subjects.
Graph theory analysis of whole brain functional connectivity to assess disturbances associated with suicide attempts in bipolar disorder
Authors: Sankar Anjali , Scheinost Dustin , Goldman Danielle A. , Drachman Rebecca , Colic Lejla , Villa Luca M. , Kim Jihoon A. , Gonzalez Yarani , Marcelo Imani , Shinomiya Mei , Pittman Brian , Lacadie Cheryl M. , Oquendo Maria A. , Constable R. Todd , Blumberg Hilary P. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBrain targets to lower the high risk of suicide in Bipolar Disorder (BD) are needed. Neuroimaging studies employing analyses dependent on regional assumptions could miss hubs of dysfunction critical to the pathophysiology of suicide behaviors and their prevention. This study applied intrinsic connectivity distribution (ICD), a whole brain graph‐theoretical approach, to identify hubs of functional connectivity (FC) disturbances associated with suicide attempts in BD. ICD, from functional magnetic resonance imaging data acquired while performing a task involving implicit emotion regulation processes important in BD and suicide behaviors, was compared across 40 adults with BD with prior suicide attempts (SAs), 49 with BD with no prior attempts (NSAs) and 51 healthy volunteers (HVs). Areas of significant group differences were used as seeds to identify regional FC differences and explore associations with suicide risk-related measures. ICD was significantly lower in SAs than in NSAs and HVs in bilateral ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and right anterior insula (RaIns). Seed connectivity revealed altered FC from vmPFC to bilateral anteromedial orbitofrontal cortex, left ventrolateral PFC (vlPFC) and cerebellum, and from RaIns to right vlPFC and temporopolar cortices. VmPFC and RaIns ICD were negatively associated with suicidal ideation severity, and vmPFC ICD with hopelessness and attempt lethality severity. The findings suggest that SAs with BD have vmPFC and RaIns hubs of dysfunction associated with altered FC to other ventral frontal, temporopolar and cerebellar cortices, and with suicidal ideation, hopelessness, and attempt lethality. These hubs may be targets for novel therapeutics to reduce suicide risk in BD.
Sex-specific neural responses to acute psychosocial stress in depression
Authors: Dong Daifeng , Ironside Maria , Belleau Emily L. , Sun Xiaoqiang , Cheng Chang , Xiong Ge , Nickerson Lisa D. , Wang Xiang , Yao Shuqiao , Pizzagalli Diego A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMajor Depressive Disorder (MDD) is characterized by increased stress sensitivity. Emerging findings in healthy adults suggest that stress responses within limbic/striatal-prefrontal regions are moderated by sex and unfold over time. Thus, we hypothesized that stress response abnormalities in MDD might be affected by sex and stress exposure time. The Montreal Imaging Stress Task was administered to 124 unmedicated patients with first-episode MDD (76 females) and 243 healthy controls (HC; 137 females) during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Based on prior studies, amygdala, hippocampus, medial orbitofrontal cortex (mOFC), nucleus accumbens (NAc) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) were selected as a priori regions of interest. In a complementary approach, we probed the effects of stress on the frontoparietal network (FPN) and a network including the amygdala, NAc and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Across groups, males exhibited higher dlPFC activity and right FPN amplitude than females. Relative to female HCs, the female MDD group had less deactivation in limbic/striatal regions (amygdala, NAc, hippocampus, Amygdala-NAc-ACC network). Furthermore, unlike female HCs, the female MDD group failed to show a significant increase of deactivation over stress exposure time in the amygdala, mOFC and NAc. Our findings confirm the importance of considering sex differences when investigating neural stress responses. Case-control differences in neural stress responses observed in females (but not males) provide insights into sex differences in the etiology and pathophysiology of depression. The failure to deactivate limbic/NAc regions in depressed females point to dysfunction of adaptive stress responses over stress exposure time.
Comprehensive exploration of the genetic contribution of the dopaminergic and serotonergic pathways to psychiatric disorders
Authors: Cabana-Domínguez Judit , Torrico Bàrbara , Reif Andreas , Fernàndez-Castillo Noèlia , Cormand Bru 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPsychiatric disorders are highly prevalent and display considerable clinical and genetic overlap. Dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotransmission have been shown to play an important role in many psychiatric disorders. Here we aim to assess the genetic contribution of these systems to eight psychiatric disorders (attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), anorexia nervosa (ANO), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), bipolar disorder (BIP), major depression (MD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), schizophrenia (SCZ) and Tourette’s syndrome (TS)) using publicly available GWAS analyses performed by the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium that include more than 160,000 cases and 275,000 controls. To do so, we elaborated four different gene sets: two ‘wide’ selections for dopamine (DA) and for serotonin (SERT) using the Gene Ontology and KEGG pathways tools, and two’core’ selections for the same systems, manually curated. At the gene level, we found 67 genes from the DA and/or SERT gene sets significantly associated with one of the studied disorders, and 12 of them were associated with two different disorders. Gene-set analysis revealed significant associations for ADHD and ASD with the wide DA gene set, for BIP with the wide SERT gene set, and for MD with the core SERT set. Interestingly, interrogation of a cross-disorder GWAS meta-analysis of the eight psychiatric conditions displayed association with the wide DA gene set. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic examination of genes encoding proteins essential to the function of these two neurotransmitter systems in these disorders. Our results support a pleiotropic contribution of the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems in several psychiatric conditions.
Microglial replacement in the aged brain restricts neuroinflammation following intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Li Xiuping , Gao Xiaolin , Zhang Wenyan , Liu Mingming , Han Zhaoli , Li Minshu , Lei Ping , Liu Qiang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAged microglia display augmented inflammatory activity after neural injury. Although aging is a risk factor for poor outcome after brain insults, the precise impact of aging-related alterations in microglia on neural injury remains poorly understood. Microglia can be eliminated via pharmacological inhibition of the colony–stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R). Upon withdrawal of CSF1R inhibitors, microglia rapidly repopulate the entire brain, leading to replacement of the microglial compartment. In this study, we investigated the impact of microglial replacement in the aged brain on neural injury using a mouse model of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) induced by collagenase injection. We found that replacement of microglia in the aged brain reduced neurological deficits and brain edema after ICH. Microglial replacement-induced attenuation of ICH injury was accompanied with alleviated blood-brain barrier disruption and leukocyte infiltration. Notably, newly repopulated microglia had reduced expression of IL-1β, TNF-α and CD86, and upregulation of CD206 in response to ICH. Our findings suggest that replacement of microglia in the aged brain restricts neuroinflammation and brain injury following ICH.