bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytosolic peptides encoding CaV1 C-termini downregulate the calcium channel activity-neuritogenesis coupling
Authors: Yang Yaxiong , Yu Zhen , Geng Jinli , Liu Min , Liu Nan , Li Ping , Hong Weili , Yue Shuhua , Jiang He , Ge Haiyan , Qian Feng , Xiong Wei , Wang Ping , Song Sen , Li Xiaomei , Fan Yubo , Liu Xiaodong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractL-type Ca2+ (CaV1) channels transduce channel activities into nuclear signals critical to neuritogenesis. Also, standalone peptides encoded by CaV1 DCT (distal carboxyl-terminus) act as nuclear transcription factors reportedly promoting neuritogenesis. Here, by focusing on exemplary CaV1.3 and cortical neurons under basal conditions, we discover that cytosolic DCT peptides downregulate neurite outgrowth by the interactions with CaV1’s apo-calmodulin binding motif. Distinct from nuclear DCT, various cytosolic peptides exert a gradient of inhibitory effects on Ca2+ influx via CaV1 channels and neurite extension and arborization, and also the intermediate events including CREB activation and c-Fos expression. The inhibition efficacies of DCT are quantitatively correlated with its binding affinities. Meanwhile, cytosolic inhibition tends to facilitate neuritogenesis indirectly by favoring Ca2+-sensitive nuclear retention of DCT. In summary, DCT peptides as a class of CaV1 inhibitors specifically regulate the channel activity-neuritogenesis coupling in a variant-, affinity-, and localization-dependent manner.
Iridium-catalyzed enantioselective synthesis of chiral γ-amino alcohols and intermediates of (S)-duloxetine, (R)-fluoxetine, and (R)-atomoxetine
Authors: Liu Chengyu , Zhang Lei , Cao Liming , Xiong Yan , Ma Yueyue , Cheng Ruihua , Ye Jinxing 
Published: May 2022

AbstractChiral γ-amino alcohols are the prevalent structural motifs and building blocks in pharmaceuticals and bioactive molecules. Enantioselective hydrogenation of β-amino ketones provides a straightforward and powerful tool for the synthesis of chiral γ-amino alcohols, but the asymmetric transformation is synthetically challenging. Here, a series of tridentate ferrocene-based phosphine ligands bearing modular and tunable unsymmetrical vicinal diamine scaffolds were designed, synthesized, and evaluated in the iridium-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of β-amino ketones. The system was greatly effective to substrates with flexible structure and functionality, and diverse β-tertiary-amino ketones and β-secondary-amino ketones were hydrogenated smoothly. The excellent reactivities and enantioselectivities were achieved in the asymmetric delivery of various chiral γ-amino alcohols with up to 99% yields, >99% ee values, and turnover number (TON) of 48,500. The gram-scale reactions with low catalyst loading showed the potential application in industrial synthesis of chiral drugs, such as (S)-duloxetine, (R)-fluoxetine, and (R)-atomoxetine.
Metagenomic, (bio)chemical, and microscopic analyses reveal the potential for the cycling of sulfated EPS in Shark Bay pustular mats
Authors: Skoog Emilie J , Moore Kelsey R , Gong Jian , Ciccarese Davide , Momper Lily , Cutts Elise M , Bosak Tanja 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Cyanobacteria and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in peritidal pustular microbial mats have a two-billion-year-old fossil record. To understand the composition, production, degradation, and potential role of EPS in modern analogous communities, we sampled pustular mats from Shark Bay, Australia and analyzed their EPS matrix. Biochemical and microscopic analyses identified sulfated organic compounds as major components of mat EPS. Sulfur was more abundant in the unmineralized regions with cyanobacteria and less prevalent in areas that contained fewer cyanobacteria and more carbonate precipitates. Sequencing and assembly of the pustular mat sample resulted in 83 high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs). Metagenomic analyses confirmed cyanobacteria as the primary sources of these sulfated polysaccharides. Genes encoding for sulfatases, glycosyl hydrolases, and other enzymes with predicted roles in the degradation of sulfated polysaccharides were detected in the MAGs of numerous clades including Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, Hydrogenedentes, Myxococcota, Verrucomicrobia, and Planctomycetes. Measurable sulfatase activity in pustular mats and fresh cyanobacterial EPS confirmed the role of sulfatases in the degradation of sulfated EPS. These findings suggest that the synthesis, modification, and degradation of sulfated polysaccharides influence microbial interactions, carbon cycling, and biomineralization processes within peritidal pustular microbial mats.
An interfacial floating tumbler with a penetrable structure and Janus wettability inspired by Pistia stratiotes
Authors: Yang Yifan , Bai Haoyu , Li Muqian , Li Zhe , Wang Xinsheng , Wang Pengwei , Cao Moyuan 
Published: May 2022

Inspired by Pistia stratiotes, here we present a superhydrophobic/hydrophilic 3D Janus floater with ultra-stable floating abilities, including self-regulated floatation, directional water drainage, and high compatibility.
Molecular plant immunity against biotrophic, hemibiotrophic, and necrotrophic fungi
Authors: McCombe Carl L. , Greenwood Julian R. , Solomon Peter S. , Williams Simon J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPathogenic fungi use diverse infection strategies to obtain nutrients from plants. Biotrophic fungi feed only on living plant tissue, whereas necrotrophic fungi kill host cells to extract nutrients. To prevent disease, plants need to distinguish between pathogens with different life cycles, as a successful defense against a biotroph, which often involves programmed cell-death around the site of infection, is not an appropriate response to some necrotrophs. Plants utilize a vast collection of extracellular and intracellular receptors to detect the signatures of pathogen attack. In turn, pathogens are under strong selection to mask or avoid certain receptor responses while enhancing or manipulating other receptor responses to promote virulence. In this review, we focus on the plant receptors involved in resistance responses to fungal pathogens and highlight, with examples, how the infection strategy of fungal pathogens can determine if recognition responses are effective at preventing disease.
Properties of ubiquitous magnetic reconnection events in the lower solar atmosphere
Authors: Joshi Jayant , Rouppe van der Voort Luc H. M. 
Published: May 2022

Context.Magnetic reconnection in the deep solar atmosphere can give rise to enhanced emission in the Balmer hydrogen lines, a phenomenon referred to as Ellerman bombs. Recent high-quality Hβobservations indicate that Ellerman bombs are more common than previously thought, and it was estimated that at any time, about half a million Ellerman bombs are present in the quiet Sun.Aims.We performed an extensive statistical characterization of the quiet-Sun Ellerman bombs (QSEBs) in these new Hβobservations.Methods.We analyzed a 1 h dataset of the quiet Sun observed with the Swedish 1-m Solar Telescope that consists of spectral imaging in the Hβand Hαlines as well as spectropolarimetric imaging in Fe I6173 Å. We used thek-means clustering and the 3D connected component labeling techniques to automatically detect QSEBs.Results.We detected a total of 2809 QSEBs. The lifetimes vary between 9 s and 20.5 min, with a median of 1.14 min. The maximum area ranges between 0.0016 and 0.2603 Mm2, with a median of 0.018 Mm2. The maximum brightness in the Hβwing varies between 1.06 and 2.76 with respect to the average wing intensity. A subset (14%) of the QSEBs displays enhancement of the Hβline core. On average, the line core brightening appears 0.88 min after the onset of brightening in the wings, and the distance between these brightenings is 243 km. This gives rise to an apparent propagation speed ranging between −14.3 and +23.5 km s−1, with an average that is upward propagating at +4.4 km s−1. The average orientation is nearly parallel to the limbward direction. QSEBs are nearly uniformly distributed over the field of view, but we find empty areas with the size of mesogranulation. QSEBs are located more frequently near the magnetic network, where they are often larger, live longer, and are brighter.Conclusions.We conclude that QSEBs are ubiquitous in the quiet Sun and appear everywhere, except in areas of mesogranular size with the weakest magnetic fields (BLOS ≲ 50 G). Our observations support the interpretation of reconnection along vertically extended current sheets.
Rosette-Forming Glioneuronal Tumor at Septum Pellucidum: Insights Gained from a Common Tumor at Rare Location
Authors: Nandan Maruti , Patnaik Ashish , Sahu Rabi Narayan , Singh Yashveer , Maurya Ved P. , Das Kuntal K. , Behari Sanjay 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe rosette-forming glioneuronal tumor (RGNT) is an uncommon entity and carries a special character because of its mixed glial and neuronal composition in the histomorphological appearance. These lesions have a benign character and carry a good outcome if undergoes gross total resection. Over the past 15 years, there have been a significant change in their nomenclature depending upon the location to histological composition. Herein, we report an interesting case of a 26-year-old lady who was diagnosed to have the lesion at the septum pellucidum with significant symptoms in the form of headache and seizure episodes. A gross total resection was achieved and she made an uneventful recovery. We discuss the literature on the incidence, location, and histological characteristics of the RGNT in various age groups.
Patterns of livestock depredation by snow leopards and effects of intervention strategies: lessons from the Nepalese Himalaya
Authors: Filla Marc , Lama Rinzin Phunjok , Filla Tim , Heurich Marco , Balkenhol Niko , Waltert Matthias , Khorozyan Igor 
Published: May 2022

Context Large carnivores are increasingly threatened by anthropogenic activities, and their protection is among the main goals of biodiversity conservation. The snow leopard (Panthera uncia) inhabits high-mountain landscapes where livestock depredation drives it into conflicts with local people and poses an obstacle for its conservation. Aims The aim of this study was to identify the livestock groups most vulnerable to depredation, target them in implementation of practical interventions, and assess the effectiveness of intervention strategies for conflict mitigation. We present a novel attempt to evaluate intervention strategies for particularly vulnerable species, age groups, time, and seasons. Methods In 2020, we conducted questionnaire surveys in two regions of the Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal (Manang, n = 146 respondents and Upper Mustang, n = 183). We applied sample comparison testing, Jacobs’ selectivity index, and generalised linear models (GLMs) to assess rates and spatio-temporal heterogeneity of depredation, reveal vulnerable livestock groups, analyse potential effects of applied intervention strategies, and identify husbandry factors relevant to depredation. Key results Snow leopard predation was a major cause of livestock mortality in both regions (25.4–39.8%), resulting in an estimated annual loss of 3.2–3.6% of all livestock. The main intervention strategies (e.g. corrals during night-time and herding during daytime) were applied inconsistently and not associated with decreases in reported livestock losses. In contrast, we found some evidence that dogs, deterrents (light, music playing, flapping tape, and dung burning), and the use of multiple interventions were associated with a reduction in reported night-time depredation of yaks. Conclusions and implications We suggest conducting controlled randomised experiments for quantitative assessment of the effectiveness of dogs, deterrents, and the use of multiple interventions, and widely applying the most effective ones in local communities. This would benefit the long-term co-existence of snow leopards and humans in the Annapurna region and beyond.
Phones as a semiotic disadvantage
Authors: Dryden Stephanie 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
While previous studies have outlined the advantages of semiotic resources for meaning making and relationship
building, not all semiotic resources are equal in their ability to enhance these features. Using linguistic ethnographic
interviews and focus group discussions, this article examines whether mobile phones provide sufficient semiotic resources for
English as a Foreign Language (EFL) migrants to effectively communicate, particularly for service situations regarding finances
where they often have to speak in English with unknown interlocutors. Two important elements are uncovered regarding EFL migrants’
difficulty in using phones as a semiotic resource – (1) linguistic superiority, where they are judged by their English-speaking
interlocutor as engaging in inferior English practices, and (2) paralinguistic insufficiency, where the lack of gestures and
facial expressions takes away their ability to make meaning. These elements combined make telephone conversations difficult for
many EFL migrants, affecting their expressiveness and ability to effectively communicate, leading to negative outcomes such as
avoidance behaviors, and feelings of anxiety and disempowerment. Such difficulties lead to the finding that EFL migrants must be
better accommodated when engaging in service transactions, with other, semiotically richer resources required to better aid their
understanding and ease feelings of anxiety.
Seebeck-driven transverse thermoelectric generation in on-chip devices
Authors: Zhou Weinan , Hirai Takamasa , Uchida Ken-ichi , Sakuraba Yuya 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
An unconventional approach to enhance the transverse thermopower by combining magnetic and thermoelectric materials, namely the Seebeck-driven transverse thermoelectric generation (STTG), has been proposed and demonstrated recently. Here, we improve on the previously used sample structure and achieve large transverse thermopower over 40 μV K−1 due to STTG in on-chip devices. We deposited polycrystalline Fe–Ga alloy films directly on n-type Si substrates, where Fe–Ga and Si serve as the magnetic and thermoelectric materials, respectively. Using microfabrication, contact holes were created through the SiO
x
layer at the top of Si to electrically connect the Fe–Ga film with the Si substrate. These thin devices with simple structure clearly exhibited enhancement of transverse thermopower due to STTG, and the obtained values agreed well with the estimation over a wide range of the size ratio between the Fe–Ga film and the Si substrate.
Chemical-free exfoliation of hexagonal boron nitride via cavitation-bubble plasma in water
Authors: Goto Taku , Hatakeyama Kazuto , Ito Tsuyohito , Inoue Kenichi , Hakuta Yukiya , Shimizu Yoshiki , Terashima Kazuo 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) sheets have numerous applications, but current low-cost, environmentally friendly techniques for h-BN exfoliation yield undesirably small sheet sizes. We have developed a novel chemical-free method to prepare large h-BN nanosheets (BNNSs) by the exfoliation of h-BN using plasma with cavitation bubbles in water, named here as cavitation-bubble plasma. Unlike ordinary liquid exfoliation methods, which reduce the sheet size of BNNSs compared with that of the starting h-BN, the cavitation-bubble plasma process exfoliated h-BN without reducing the sheet size. Furthermore, the plasma dramatically improved the exfoliation yield.
Distributional health impacts of electricity imports in the United States
Authors: Hennessy Eleanor M , de Chalendar Jacques A , Benson Sally M , Azevedo Inês M L 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The electric grid is evolving rapidly in response to climate change. As renewables are incorporated, more interconnection of the grid is expected. Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from fossil-fuel generation causes adverse health impacts, including thousands of premature deaths each year in the United States. It is well understood that PM2.5 exposure can occur at great distances from pollutant sources, but insufficient work has been done to understand the role of grid interconnection and trade in causing pollution-related mortality. Regions with clean generation can import electricity from regions with highly polluting generation sources, allowing them to benefit from the electricity consumption while people in other regions suffer the associated health damages. We use flow tracing and consumption-based accounting to characterize the health damages from exposure to PM2.5 from electricity imports. We find that 8% of our estimated premature deaths from electricity consumption in the United States are due to electricity imports. There is large geographic heterogeneity, with the most impacts occurring in the Midwest. While the West Coast has much cleaner generation and lower impacts overall, in many West Coast Balancing Areas, more than 50% of the estimated premature mortality associated with electricity consumption is caused by electricity imports, with some groups experiencing larger impacts than others.
Energy requirement for implementing unitary gates on energy-unbounded systems
Authors: Yang Yuxiang , Renner Renato , Chiribella Giulio 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The processing of quantum information always has a cost in terms of physical resources such as energy or time. Determining the resource requirements is not only an indispensable step in the design of practical devices—the resources need to be actually provided—but may also yield fundamental constraints on the class of processes that are physically possible. Here we study how much energy is required to implement a desired unitary gate on a quantum system with a non-trivial energy spectrum. We derive a general lower bound on the energy requirement, extending the main result of Chiribella et al (2021 Phys. Rev. X 11 021014) from finite dimensional systems to systems with unbounded Hamiltonians. Such an extension has immediate applications in quantum information processing with optical systems, and allows us to provide bounds on the energy requirement of continuous variable quantum gates, such as displacement and squeezing gates.
Actuation of ionic polymer-metal composites with alkali metal counterions—a molecular dynamics study
Authors: Truszkowska A , Porfiri M 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Ionic polymer-metal composites (IPMCs) are soft, electroactive materials with unique actuation properties that have attracted the interest of physicists, chemists, and engineers for over two decades. Despite significant progress in our understanding of the phenomenology of their actuation, we are yet to fully elucidate the physics at the nanoscale that underlies their macroscopic actuation. Previous experiments have shown that IPMC actuation depends on the type of counterions that is used to neutralize the acidic polymeric backbone. Some continuum theories have attempted to explain such a modulatory effect, but a complete understanding of the physics at the nanoscale level is lacking. Here, we employ classical molecular dynamics to fill this gap in knowledge. Building upon recent developments in the field, we investigate the response of three IPMC membranes with different metallic counterions that have been considered in earlier experimental research. While we do not detect variations in the axial stress, the examination of the spatial distribution of the through-the-thickness stress components in the three membranes reveals important differences. We show that these differences are well explained in terms of variations in water content as it relates to the type of counterions, challenging existing continuum models of IPMCs that mostly overlooked these factors. Overall, our work brings to light new physics within active materials, inspiring new efforts in material design and engineering, as well as multiscale modeling of soft matter.
C1 THE ROLE OF ATRIAL ELECTRO–MECHANICAL COUPLING AS PREDICTOR OF CATHETER ABLATION EFFICIENCY
Authors: Barletta V , Spatafora D , Gentile F , Parollo M , Mazzocchetti L , Zucchelli G , Bongiorni M 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
Atrial fibrillation (AF) results in electrical and structural remodeling of the atria, and the extent of remodeling has already been found to be associated with higher AF recurrence rate after catheter ablation (CA). Recently, a novel echocardiographic parameter derived from tissue Doppler imaging (TDI), called PA–TDI, has been introduced to assess the total atrial activation time, as a non–invasive surrogate of fibrosis and atrial cardiomyopathy. The aim of the study was to investigate the role of PA–TDI interval as predictor of AF ablation efficacy.

Methods
Consecutive patients with persistent or paroxysmal symptomatic AF referred to our Center to perform radiofrequency ablation or cryoablation procedures were prospectively enrolled. In these patients, a complete transthoracic echocardiographic examination was performed before and after the ablation procedure, including assessment of the PA–TDI interval.

Results
From October 2018 to May 2020, 221 consecutive patients (mean age 61 ± 9 years, 74% male, mean BMI 26.5 ± 3.6, mean Ejection Fraction 61 ± 6%) symptomatic for AF, undergoing the procedure ablation (first procedure or re–do) were enrolled. Out of the blanking period, 25% of patients experienced recurrence of arrhythmia during follow–up (mean 16 months). Compared to patients who did not relapse, patients with AF recurrence have a generally longer post–procedural PA–TDI interval (139.6 ± 22.1 msec vs 153.9 ± 33 msec, respectively). In the multivariable analysis only post–procedure PA–TDI and re–do interventions were found to be independent predictors of AF recurrence. A PA–TDI cut–off&gt; 144msec identifies patients at risk of post ablation AF recurrence with sensitivity 58.7% and specificity 73.5% (AUC 0.697).

Conclusions
The PA–TDI interval is an independent predictor of AF recurrence after catheter ablation. This echocardiographic parameter is easily obtainable, low–cost, reproducible, and accessible even in peripheral centers.