bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgically Used Barrier Membranes Show Distinct Reaction Profiles in an Innovative Human Whole Blood Culture System
Authors: Klimosch Sascha , Caballé-Serrano Jordi , Knorpp Thomas , Munar-Frau Antonio , Schaefer Birgit , Schmolz Manfred 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Common in vitro cell culture systems for testing implant material immune-compatibility either employ immortal human leukocyte cell lines or use isolated primary cells. Compared to in vivo conditions, this generates an environment of substantially reduced complexity, often lacking important immune cell types, such as neutrophil granulocytes and others. This paper describes an innovative human whole blood culture model for in vitro testing of implant materials under in vivo-like conditions. The major goal of this culture model was to maintain as much of the naturally inherent complexity of immune cell interactions as possible and to avoid errors often caused by stressful conditions during cell preparation.
Methods
A closed, CO2-independent, tube-based culture vessel was used, containing one milliliter of freshly drawn human blood for each sample. The cultures were occasionally rotated to increase immune cell contacts with the test materials. Immune cell responses were examined by multiplexed cytokine analysis.
Results
Three different types of commercially available implant materials i.e. barrier membranes, used for dental, trauma and maxillofacial surgery, were examined for their potential interactions with immune cells. The barrier membranes were either of synthetic (i.e. the polymers polytetrafluoroethylene, PTFE, and polycaprolactone, PCL), or of natural origin (porcine collagen membrane). The results identified characteristic differences in the overall activity profiles with very low immune cell responses for PTFE, intermediate ones for collagen, and strong reactions towards PCL.
Conclusions
This innovative human whole blood in vitro model, using a complex, organotypic matrix and all immune cells available in peripheral blood, is an excellent, easy to standardize tool to categorize immune cell responses to implant materials. Compared to in vitro cell culture systems used for material research, this new assay system provides a far more detailed picture of response patterns the immune system is able to develop when interacting with different types of materials and surfaces.
5G Communication Network Attack Prevention Using SDN Technology under Internet of Things
Authors: Li Tong , Zhao Hai , Song Shouyou , Yang Chao , Du Chunlai , Liu Yang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
the purpose is to guarantee the security of 5G (5-Generation Mobile Networks) technology in IoT (Internet of Things) environment, and improve the ability of wireless network communication to resist attacks. First, in terms of attack prevention, the 5G network security structure is proposed to replace the plaintext information commonly used in the original system with Ciphertext based on SDN (Software Defined Networking), thereby alleviating the security risks of the data dimension. Second, concerning attack detection, the signal is identified by using the imperfections and differences of equipment manufacturing based on the above security structure, preventing the attacker from further harming the sensitive data leaked. It is found that the SDN-based 5G network attack prevention scheme avoids the centralized exposure of sensitive data, improves security, reduces computational overhead, and simplifies encryption logic. Without affecting the bandwidth, the existing 5G network system is greatly prevented from network attacks. The detection mechanism is not limited by the low-dimensional feature space, and has strong robustness and stability. It can effectively detect the network attacks that 5G network systems are suffering. This study provides an important reference for the protection of 5G communication network attacks under IoT.
Application of screw insertion using the attachment point of gluteus maximus as reference in closed reduction and internal fixation with hollow screw for femoral neck fracture
Authors: Chao XU , Wei WEI , ZHI Li-qiang , Zhao-yang WANG , Zhong QING , Jiu-min YE 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Objective
To investigate the accuracy and reliability of applicating the attachment point of the gluteus maximus as the guide pin inserting reference in the closed reduction and internal fixation of femoral neck fracture with hollow screw.
Methods
A retrospective analysis was performed on 120 cases of femoral neck fracture treated by closed reduction and internal fixation with 3 hollow screws from January 2015 to August 2021. In observation group, guide pins and hollow screws were inserted in 60 cases using the attachment point of gluteus maximus as reference. In the control group, 60 patients were treated with Kirschner wire placed on the skin as a reference to insert guide pins and hollow screws. Operation time, the number of adjustments for the first guide pin and the frequency of intraoperative perspective were recorded to make comparisons between the two groups.
Results
The operation time of the observation group was significantly shorter than that of the control group, and the number of adjustments for the first guide pin and the frequency of intraoperative perspective was significantly less than that of the control group (P < 0.001). All 120 cases were followed up for an average of 27.81 (12-48) months. Postoperative radiographs showed good reduction for fracture and bone union in all patients, with an average healing time of 14.59 (12-20) weeks. During the follow-up, there were 2 cases of patient with Garden type Ⅳ fracture in the observation group and 3 cases of patients with Garden type IV fracture in the control group developed ischemic necrosis of femoral head.
Conclusion
During the surgery of femoral neck fracture treated by closed reduction and internal fixation with hollow screw, the insertion of the first guide pin using the attachment point of gluteus maximus muscle as reference can provide an accurate location for hollow screw and shorten the operation time, reduce the number of guide pin adjustments and the frequency of intraoperative perspective, which has high clinical practical value.
Oncometabolite D-2-hydroxyglutarate - dependent metabolic reprogramming induces skeletal muscle atrophy during cancer cachexia
Authors: Yang Quanjun , Hao Juan , Zhang Hong , Chi Mengyi , Wang Yaxian , Li Yu , Huang Jinlu , Wan Lili , Xu Rong , Zhao Xincai , Xin Bo , Sun Xipeng , Zhou Shumin , Chen Dongdong , Yuan Ting , Ding Jun , Zhen Shuier , Guo Cheng 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Cancer cachexia is characterized by weight loss and skeletal muscle wasting. Based on the up-regulation of catabolism and down-regulation of anabolism, cachexia-associated metabolites and oncometabolites can accumulate in cancer patients. This study focused on genetic mutations-mediated metabolic reprogramming on cancer cachexia progression by screening for active metabolites and examined their direct effect on muscle atrophy. A total of 157 cachexia-associated metabolites and oncometabolites were selected based on literature collation, and 19 metabolites were screened with in vitro myotube differentiation model. D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D2HG) treatment led to a shorter myotube width and increased mRNA expression of E3 ubiquitin ligases Trim63 and Fbxo32, as well as distinct transcriptional and metabolic changes. Then, we collected 149 cancer patients and confirmed Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutation in 19 patients with higher D2HG than non-mutational patients. Moreover, 8 cancer patients with IDH1 mutation and cachexia syndrome had higher D2HG. Mutated IDH1 (R132H) in the CT26 cancer cells accelerated cachexia progression (cachexia first occurred at DPI 17 in mice bearing wild-type CT26 tumor vs DPI 22 with mutational IDH1 CT26 tumor) and worsened the overall survival in the murine cancer cachexia model. E3 ligase Trim63 and Fbxo32 were increased by 2.3 and 1.4 times in muscle gastrocnemius of mice bearing CT26 tumor, while mice bearing CT26 tumor with mutational IDH1 increased 3.4 and 2.3 times respectively. Furthermore, overexpressed D-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase (D2hgdh) in well-differentiated myotubes alleviated 93µM D2HG induced shorter myotube width and upregulated E3 ligases. Transcriptomics and metabolomics revealed a distinct D2HG induced metabolic disequilibrium. Additionally, IDH1 inhibitor ivosidenib treatment delayed the progression of cancer cachexia in murine cancer model bearing CT26 colon carcinoma and GL261 glioma cancer cells. In the cachexia model of mice bearing CT26 tumor, ivosidenib decreased 58.5% serum D2HG concentration, preserved 15.1% muscle gastrocnemius mass and 11.9% lean body weight, improved 35.6% area of muscle gastrocnemius, and inhibited the unregulated mRNA expression of Ube2d1, Trim63 and Fbxo32, when compared with NTC treated mice bearing CT26 tumor with IDH1 mutation. These results indicated the contribution of IDH1 mutation in mediating excessive D2HG accumulation in cancer cachexia progression and highlighted the possibility of individualized treatment for patients with cancer cachexia with an IDH1 mutation.
The Explanation of Adolescents' Delinquent Behaviors Based on Jessor's Problem Behavior Theory (PBT) in Iran: The Role of Individual Vulnerability, Opportunity Risk Availability, and Perceived Support
Authors: Darvishi Mona , Vahid Mohammad Kazem Atef , Athar Mojtaba Elhami , Trejos-Castillo Elizabeth , Asgarabad Mojtaba Habibi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: This study tested the generality of Problem Behavior Theory (PBT) in explaining adolescents' problem behavior in Iran.Methods: Data were collected from 392 adolescents (Mage = 15.97, SD = 1.12, 55.4% girls) who completed the Adolescent Health and Development Questionnaire (AHDQ) to assess the individual vulnerability, opportunity risk availability, perceived support, and delinquent behaviors.Results: Results indicated that individual vulnerability and opportunity risk availability had a significant relationship with delinquent behaviors and a significant interaction with perceived support in their influence on delinquent behaviors. Further, perceived support was negatively associated with delinquent behaviors.Conclusions: Our results were consistent with PBT's explanatory model for adolescents' problem behavior in Western countries and are informative about problem behavior involvement among Iranian adolescents and the design of interventions.
Cognitive-Motor Multitasking in Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Study on the Effects of Individual Differences on Training Success
Authors: Mack Melanie , Stojan Robert , Bock Otmar , Voelcker-Rehage Claudia 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Multitasking is an essential part of our everyday life, but performance declines typically in older age. Many studies have investigated the beneficial effects of cognitive, motor and combined cognitive-motor training on multitasking performance in older adults. Previous work, however, has not regarded interindividual differences in cognitive functioning and motor fitness that may affect training benefits. The current study aims to identify whether different training programs may have differential effects on multitasking performance depending on the initial level of cognitive functioning and motor fitness.
Methods
We conduct a 12-week single-blinded randomized controlled trial. A total of N = 150 healthy older adults are assigned to either a single cognitive, a single motor, or a simultaneous cognitive-motor training. Participants are trained twice per week for 45 min. A comprehensive test battery assesses cognitive functions, motor and cardiovascular fitness and realistic multitasking during walking and driving in two virtual environments. We evaluate how multitasking performance is related not only to the training program, but also to participants’ initial levels of cognitive functioning and motor fitness.
Discussion
We expect that multitasking performance in participants with lower initial competence in either one or both domains (motor fitness, cognitive functioning) benefits more from single-task training (cognitive training and/or motor training). In contrast, multitasking performance in participants with higher competence in both domains should benefit more from multitask training (simultaneous cognitive-motor training). The results may help to identify whether tailored training is favorable over standardized one-size-fits all training approaches to improve multitasking in older adults. In addition, our findings will advance the understanding of factors that influence training effects on multitasking.
Trial registration:
DRKS (German Clinical Trials Register), DRKS00022407. Registered 26/08/2020 - Retrospectively registered at https://www.drks.de/drks_web/setLocale_EN.do
Near Infrared-Activatable Biomimetic Nanogels Enabling Deep Tumor Drug Penetration Completely Inhibit Orthotopic Glioblastoma
Authors: Zhang Dongya , Tian Sidan , Liu Yanjie , Zheng Meng , Zou Yan , Shi Bingyang , Luo Liang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most fatal malignancies due to the existence of blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the difficulty to maintain an effective drug accumulation in deep GBM lesions. Here we present a novel biomimetic nanogel system that can be precisely activated by near infrared (NIR) irradiation to achieve facilitated BBB crossing and deep tumor penetration of drugs. Synthesized by crosslinking pullulan and poly(deca-4,6-diynedioic acid) (PDDA) and loaded with temozolomide and indocyanine green (ICG), the nanogels are inert to endogenous oxidative conditions but can be selectively disintegrated by ICG-generated reactive oxygen species upon NIR irradiation. Camouflaging the nanogels with apolipoprotein E (ApoE) peptide-decorated erythrocyte membrane further allows prolonged blood circulation and active tumor targeting to secure sufficient tumor accumulation. The precisely controlled NIR irradiation on tumor lesions excites ICG and concurrently activates the cumulated nanogels by deforming the nanogels and triggering burst drug release for facilitated BBB permeation and infiltration into distal tumor cells. These NIR-activatable biomimetic nanogels showed a great potency in orthotopic GBM-bearing mouse models that completely suppressed the tumor growth with significantly extended survival.
How Observer Characteristics Affect How They Infer Personality Impressions of Faces
Authors: Xu Kuangzhe , Matsuka Toshihiko 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Many previous studies on facial impression inference have focused on the physical features of the face. However, few have considered the effect of the observer on impression inference. Further, many studies have treated observers’ characteristics with regards to facial impression inference as errors or individual differences and thus largely excluded it from the explanatory variables. The present study, on the other hand, focused on the observers’ characteristics and examined whether the observers’ personality traits and observational behaviors influence the impression inferences of the faces. Experiment 1 examined the relationship between observer characteristics (observational behaviors and personality traits) and facial impression inferences. We found that the observers' personality traits strongly influence observational behaviors, but neither of those influences the impression inferences. Using hierarchical Bayesian models, we found a large proportion of faces’ random effect, confirming many previous studies that facial features indeed affect how the faces are seen. The results of Experiment 1 indicate there might have been an interactive effect of observational behaviors and faces’ physical features on impression inferences. To control the potential interactions, we instructed participants to look at particular areas of faces during impression inference tasks in Experiment 2. Although participants generally looked at the areas instructed to look at, we still found a robust relationship between participants' personality traits and observational behaviors. The results show that participants inferred different impressions, even for the same faces, when they were instructed to look at different areas of faces. We also found significant relationships between participants’ personality traits and impression inference ratings, suggesting people with different personality traits would have different impressions for the very same faces.
Discriminatory Value of Adiponectin to Leptin Ratio for Covid-19 Pneumonia
Authors: Tonon Federica , Bella Stefano Di , Giudici Fabiola , Zerbato Verena , Segat Ludovica , Koncan Raffaella , Misin Andrea , Toffoli Barbara , D’Agaro Pierlanfranco , Luzzati Roberto , Fabris Bruno , Bernardi Stella 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Obesity is a risk factor for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19). Circulating adipokines have been associated with inflammatory burden and amplified or dysregulated immune responses. This study aimed to evaluate the discriminatory ability of adipokines to identify Covid-19 pneumonia and to assess disease severity.
Methods
we conducted an observa-tional case-control study, with a prospective design, and recruited patients with diagnosis of Covid-19 pneumonia (n=48) and healthy controls (n=36), who were matched by age, sex and BMI. Leptin, adiponectin, IL-6 and TNF-α were measured by ELISA.
Results
patients with Covid-19 pneumonia had higher levels of leptin, lower adiponectin/leptin (Adpn/Lep) ratio, and higher expression of IL-6. Leptin had an acceptable discriminatory accuracy for Covid-19 pneumonia in patients with BMI >30 (AUC 0.74 [0.58, 0.90]) with a cutoff of 7852 pg/mL and it was associated with maximum respiratory support. By contrast, Adpn/Lep had an excellent discriminatory accuracy for Covid-19 pneumonia in patients with BMI <25 (AUC 0.9 [0.74, 1.06]) with a cutoff of 2.23.
Conclusion
Our data indicate that high Adpn/Lep (>2.23) in lean patients is con-sistent with a state of good health, which decreases in case of inflammatory states, ranging from adipose tissue dysfunction with low-grade inflammation to Covid-19 pneumonia.
Thoracoscopic Implantation of Epicardial Left Ventricular Lead for Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy
Authors: Kim Hye Ree , Lim Kyunghee , Park Seung-Jung , Park Jong-Sung , Choi Ji-Hoon , Kwon Hee-Jin , Kim Ju Youn , Chung Suryeun , Jung Dong-Seop , Park Kyoung-Min , On Young Keun , Kim June Soo 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Purpose Limited data exist on the safety and efficacy of epicardial left ventricular(LV) lead placement using video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery(VATS) for cardiac resynchronization therapy(CRT).Methods Acute and long-term outcomes of CRT were compared between patients with epicardial LV leads(Epicardial-LV group, n=13) and those with endocardial LV leads(Endocardial-LV group, n=243).Results Epicardial LV leads were implanted by VATS alone(n=8) or along with mini-thoracotomy(n=5) for failed endocardial implantation(n=11) or recurrent lead dislodgement(n=2). All epicardial procedures under general anesthesia with one-lung ventilation were successfully completed in 2.3±0.6 hours without phrenic nerve stimulation. LV pacing thresholds in the Epicardial-LV(1.5±1.0V) and Endocardial-LV(1.3±0.8V) were comparable(P=0.651). All patients were discharged alive post-VATS 8.8±3.9days. During the follow-up(34.3±28.6months), all patients with epicardial LV leads stayed alive except for one cardiac death post-CRT 14months and one heart transplantation post-CRT 30months. All epicardial LV leads maintained stable performance without dislodgement/significant changes in pacing threshold/impedance. LV lead dislodgement occurred only in endocardial-LV(7/243,2.9%). Efficacy in both groups was comparable in terms of QRS narrowing, increase in LV ejection fraction, and survival free of cardiac death, or heart failure-related hospitalization. Conclusion Epicardial LV lead placement using VATS can be a safe and effective alternative to endocardial implantation, with comparable long-term outcomes achieved by both approaches.
Predictors of Nonoperative Management Failure and Recurrence in Adults with Acute Appendicitis: A Single-Center Retrospective Study
Authors: Wakasa Yusuke , Toyoki Yoshikazu , Kameyama Yuma , Odagiri Tadashi , Jin Hiroyuki , Nakai Makoto , Aoki Kazunori , Kawashima Hiroaki , Endo Masaaki 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
[Purpose]
Failure and recurrence are concerns in nonoperative management (NOM) for acute appendicitis (AA) and interval appendectomy (IA). The goal of the study was to identify predictors of failure and recurrence in patients with AA who underwent NOM.
[Methods]
A total of 348 adults with appendicitis were treated in our department from April 2016 to October 2021. Among these patients, 337 who did not undergo emergency surgery were divided into those with failed NOM and unplanned surgery (n=28) and successful NOM (n=309). These groups were compared to identify predictive factors for NOM failure. In the NOM-success group, 195 patients were divided into non-recurrence (n=166) and recurrence (n=29) groups to identify predictive factors for recurrence of appendicitis.
[Results]
In multivariate analysis, post-treatment CRP level (odds ratio (OR)=1.126, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.076-1.179, P=0.000) and fecal stones with abscess formation (OR=5.530, 95% CI 2.081-14.691, P=0.001) were independently associated with NOM failure. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed an optimum cutoff CRP level of 10.46 mg/dl for failure appendicitis. The initial CRP level was significantly lower and the % CRP decrease was significantly higher in the recurrence group than in the non-recurrence group.
[Conclusions]
These findings suggest that the post-treatment CRP level and fecal stones with abscess formation are predictors of NOM failure, but that recurrence may not be affected by the severity of previous appendicitis.
Perceived Extrinsic Barriers Hinder Community Detection and Management of Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Cross-Sectional Study of General Practitioners in Shanghai, China
Authors: Lu Yuan , Liu Chaojie , Fawkes Sally , Wang Zhaoxin , Yu Dehua 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background

General practitioners (GPs) play a critical role in community detection and management of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Although adequate knowledge is essential, healthcare practice is shaped by many factors, both intrinsic and extrinsic. This study aimed to test the mediating effect of perceived extrinsic barriers on the associations between knowledge, attitudes and intended practice of GPs in community detection and management of MCI.
Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted through an online survey of 1253 GPs sampled from 56 community health centres (CHCs) in Shanghai in 2021. Perceived extrinsic barriers were rated on a five-point Likert scale for patient engagement, working environment, and system context, respectively. A summed score was generated subsequently for each domain ranging from 0 to 100, with a higher score indicating higher barriers. The mediating effect of perceived extrinsic barriers (second-order) and the moderation effects of training and past experience on the association between MCI knowledge and practice scores were tested through structural equation modelling (SEM) with a partial least square (PLS) approach.
Results

The study participants reported an average barrier score of 65.23 (SD=13.98), 58.34 (SD=16.95) and 60.37 (SD=16.99) for patient engagement, working environment, and system context, respectively. Although knowledge had both direct and indirect (through attitudes) effects on intended practice, perceived extrinsic barriers negatively mediated (β=-0.012, p=0.025) the association between knowledge and practice. Training moderated the effect of knowledge on practice (β=-0.066, p=0.014).
Conclusions

Perceived extrinsic barriers have a detrimental effect on the translation of knowledge into practice for community detection and management of MCI. The effect of training on practice declines when knowledge scores become higher.