bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perception of Medical Students on the Need for End-of-Life Care. A Q-Methodology Study
Authors: Barros-Garcia-Imhof Jorge , Jiménez-Alfonso Andrés , Gómez-Acebo Inés , Fernández-Ortiz María , Alonso-Molero Jéssica , Llorca Javier , Gonzalez-Castro Alejandro , Dierssen-Sotos Trinidad 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
End-of-life care and the limitation of therapeutic effort are among the most controversial aspects of medical practice. There are many factors that can influence decision-making regarding these issues. Most of them are subjective and personal. In this context, the Q methodology provides a scientific basis for the systematic study of subjectivity by identifying different thought patterns. Medical students will soon deal with difficult situations related to this topic. Being aware of their different views and the factors related to these will help to identify areas of improvement in the medical curricula.
Methods
Q methodology analysis was performed to find student´s profiles. 143 students of the School of Medicine of the Cantabria University (Spain) participated. A chi-square test was used to compare proportions.
Results
We obtained three opinion profiles: the first seeks to ensure quality of life and attaches great importance to the patient’s wishes; the second prioritizes life extension above anything else; the third incorporates the economic perspective into medical decision-making, prioritizing healthcare investment in patients with healing possibilities. Those who had religious beliefs were mostly included in profile 2 (48.8% vs 7.3% in profile 1 and 43.9% in profile 3), and those who considered that their beliefs did not influence their ethical principles, were mainly included in profile 3 (48.5% vs 24.7% in profile 1 and 26.8% in profile 2).
Conclusions
The different profiles on end-of-life care amongst medical students are influenced by personal factors (beliefs, experience with terminally ill patients).Increasing the clinical experience of students with terminally ill patients and reinforcing bioethics and health economics contents in medical schools’ curricula would contribute to developing knowledge-based opinion profiles and would avoid relying on personal experiences.
Viability Of Machine-Learning Strategies To Solve Psychometric Problems
Authors: Trognon Arthur , Cherifi Youssouf , Demange Loïs , Prudent Cécile 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Validating scales for clinical purposes is a common process in medicine and psychology. Using machine-learning and statistics, we revalidated the Fenigstein & Vanable Paranoia Scale and showed that these kinds of approaches could be used both to achieve construct validity and criterion validity and could thus add an additional layer of evidence to traditional validation approaches. However, there is still a lot of work needed in order to evaluate the whole range of applications, disadvantages, and potential limitations of these approaches when applied for psychometric purposes.
Design of a Novel Hybrid Rice Straw/Husk Bio-Based Concrete Featuring The Enhanced Mechanical and Hygrothermal Properties
Authors: MOUSSI Youssef EL , CLERC Laurent , BENEZET Jean-Charles 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In order to reduce the consumption of energy and the emissions of greenhouse gases and CO2 generated by the construction industry, bio-based concretes made of plant aggregates are increasingly used in the optimization of building envelopes thanks to their good hydrothermal performances, their renewable origin, and biodegradability. These insulation materials are considered as a promising alternative to synthetic systems made of mineral wool. This study investigates the use of a bio-based concretes performed with a mixture of eco-aggregates derived from rice plant and lime as thermal insulation materials. The effect of combining different proportions of rice straw (RS) with rice husks (RH) (100%, 66%, 50%, and 33%) on both mechanical and hydrothermal properties of bio-based concretes are investigated. The characterization seeks to evaluate the thermal conductivity, moisture buffer value (MBV) and mechanical compressive properties of the rice straw/rice husk concretes. Results show that the thermal conductivity of the bio-based concretes slightly decreased with increasing rice straw content. The MBV values measured showed that rice straw confers to concretes an excellent moisture buffering capacity according to the Nordtest project classification. The compression test result also revealed that rice straw concretes have high mechanical deformability. Straw concretes do not break but continuously deform.
Identification of Bacteria in Infected Wounds Using Electronic Nose: A Systematic Review
Authors: Nascimento José William Araújo do , Roque Geicianfran da Silva Lima , de Souza Rafael Roque , Bastos Michael Lopes , Santos Isabel Cristina Ramos Vieira , Almeida Leandro Maciel 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Effective management of patients with infected wounds is a crucial concern. A delay in prescribing the appropriate antibacterial agent can lead to life-threatening clinical complications. Thus, the electronic nose technique (eNose) can provide a diagnostic aid tool that allows rapid and accurate identification of pathogens.
Results
This study examines the effectiveness of using eNoses to aid in the diagnosis of bacterially infected wounds. The systematic search in the literature retrieved 3,326 publications, of which 97 were for a complete review, and of these, 09 comprised the sample of this study. These studies involved the analysis of seven types of wounds, the most common being the infected skin wound. The most frequent bacteria were P. aeruginosa, E. coli and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). The average accuracy of the eNoses in identifying these microorganisms was 95.13% for the training set and 91.5% for the test set, including the ability to differentiate between bacteria of the same genus but sensitive or resistant to antibiotics. Among the Artificial Intelligence techniques used to classify the models, the Support Vector Machine (SVM) was the most commonly used in the experiments.
Conclusion
The eNoses devices observed may have broad applicability in aiding diagnosis of wound infection through their high efficacy values. However, further research needs to explore the reduction of interferences in the accuracy of the application of Machine Learning algorithms.
Probabilistic feasibility space of scaling up green hydrogen supply
Authors: Odenweller Adrian , Ueckerdt Falko , Nemet Gregory , Jensterle Miha , Luderer Gunnar 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Green hydrogen from renewable electricity and derived e-fuels can replace fossil fuels in applications where direct electrification is infeasible, making them very valuable for climate neutrality. However, here we show that even if electrolysis capacity grows as fast as wind and solar power have, green hydrogen supply remains scarce in the short-term and uncertain in the long-term. Using probabilistic technology diffusion modelling, we find that, despite initial exponential growth, green hydrogen likely (≥75%) supplies <1 % of final energy until 2030 (2035) in the EU (globally). By 2040, a breakthrough is more likely, but large uncertainties prevail with an interquartile range of 4.4-10.5% (EU) and 1.1-4.3% (globally). Both short-term scarcity and long-term uncertainty impede investment in hydrogen end-uses and infrastructure, reducing green hydrogen’s potential and jeopardising climate targets. However, historic analogues suggest that emergency-like policy measures could foster substantially higher growth rates, expediting the breakthrough and increasing the likelihood of future hydrogen availability.
A Survey On Dogs With Valvular Disease Flying To Japan For Operation
Authors: Takahashi Arane , Takeuchi Sayaka , Chen Ayaka , Uechi Masami 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In small-breed dogs, mitral valve disease is common, which leads to future cardiac failure. Mitral valve repair is an optimal surgical treatment that is currently available in limited veterinary facilities globally because it requires a special surgery team and specific devices. Therefore, some dogs must travel overseas to undergo this surgery. However, a question arises regarding the safety of dogs when traveling by air with a heart disease. We aimed to evaluate the effect of flight journey on dogs with mitral valve disease, including survival rates, symptoms during the trip, laboratory test results, and operational outcomes. All dogs stayed near the owner in the cabin during the flight. The survival rate after the flight was 97.5% in 80 dogs. The surgical survival rates (96.0% and 94.3%) and hospitalization periods (7 days and 7 days) were similar between overseas and domestic dogs. This report shows that taking air flights in the cabin may not have a significant effect on dogs with MMVD, on the premise that their overall conditions are stable under cardiac medication.
Sub-Axillary Cosmetic Incision VS Single-Incision Thoracoscopic Surgery for Primary Spontaneous Pneumothorax
Authors: Zheng Yuan-Liang , Huang Ri-Sheng 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Recently, single-incision thoracoscopic surgery (SITS) has gained attention as an optimal treatment for the primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP). However, most SITS techniques use in the fourth to sixth intercostal space between the anterior axillary and mid axillary lines. To find out more concealed incisions, this study performed PSP surgery with the sub-axillary cosmetic incision (SACI) technique.
Methods
A total of 128 patients with PSP underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) at our institution between January 2017 and January 2019. These patients were evaluated and divided into SACI (n = 21) and SITS group (n = 57). Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed based on the patient’s backgrounds, and the enrolled cohort was divided into 21 pairs. The incision satisfaction was analyzed at 2 weeks and 6 months post-surgery, whereas the recurrence probability of ipsilateral pneumothorax was assessed within 6 months after the operation.
Results
Twenty-one pairs with baseline characteristics matched into the two groups had no significant differences in their backgrounds and surgical results. However, the operation time was longer in the SACI group than in the SITS group (p = 0.013). The median age in the SACI group was 24.9 ± 6.6 years, out of the 21 patients, 17 were males, 7 patients had a smoking history, and 2 patients had pleural adhesion. The median age in SITS group was 24.0 ± 4.4 years, out of the 21 patients, 17 were males, 6 patients had smoking history, and 4 patients had thoracic adhesion. There were no post-operative complications found in both groups. The incision satisfaction score in the SACI group was lower than the SITS group at 2 weeks and 6 months, and the difference was statistically significant (respectively, p = 0.022 and p = 0.039). There were no recurrences of ipsilateral pneumothorax in both groups.
Conclusions
SACI is a safe and feasible surgical method for the treatment of PSP. In addition, incision concealment can be used based on the choice for patients with incision needs.
Initial Pulse Pressure and Shock Index Predict Mortality in Burn Patients
Authors: Pires-Menard Alexandra , Dong Fanglong , Jin Richard , Lee David , Poulakidas Stathis , Bokhari Faran 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Burn injuries result in profound hemodynamic and cardiovascular dysfunction. Pulse pressure (PP) and shock index (SI) can be used to guide medical management in acute trauma settings however its application in acute burn settings is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine whether pulse pressure and shock index on admission were early predictors of in-hospital mortality in burn patients. METHODS: This retrospective study analyzed burn patients admitted to John H. Stroger Hospital of Cook County in Chicago, Illinois, USA from 2013-2019. Inclusion criteria were patients aged >1 year with TBSA values ≥ 15%, 2nd and 3rd degree thermal injuries. Exclusion criteria included non-thermal burns, missing values and those dead on arrival.Variables studied were age, gender, TBSA, inhalation injury, Baux score, R-Baux score and vital signs (systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and heart rate) on arrival. SI and PP values were calculated from the vital signs. Baux and R-Baux score were calculated from data in the electronic medical records. Independent t-test compared mortality outcomes in survivors versus non-survivors. Pearson’s Chi square test compared mortality outcomes associated with gender and inhalation injury status. Adjusted odds ratio with corresponding 95% confidence intervals were calculated for R-Baux and SI. RESULTS: 108 burn patients were included in this study. Mean age was 40 years and 68 patients (64%) were male. Mean TBSA was 30% and inhalation injury was present in 30% (32/106) of the patients. Among eighteen non-survivors, fourteen (78%) had inhalation injury. For all patients, the mean Baux and R-Baux score were 70 and 75, respectively. Overall mortality rate was 17%.On bivariate analysis, mean SI in survivors and non-survivors was 0.7 and 1.0. Mean PP in survivors and non-survivors were 61 mmHg and 47 mmHg. Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) for R-Baux and SI were 1.06 (1.03-1.09) and 26.48 (4.34-161.46), respectively. CONCLUSION: A lower PP and a higher SI on admission are predictors of mortality in patients with significant burns. SI is associated with 26-times higher likelihood of mortality. These initial parameters can help identify patients that may require close monitoring and aggressive resuscitation to improve survival rates in burn victims.
Phenological coding of Crambe abyssinica Hochst based on the BBCH system
Authors: Brito Vitor , Sória-Teixeira Luiz , Narcisa-Oliveira Jeniffer , Santos Renata , Rodrigues Carla , Costa Reginaldo B. , Marques Rubia 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Crambe (Crambe abyssinica Hochst) is an oilseed crop domesticated in the Mediterranean region and has become increasingly important worldwide. Crambe is now considered an alternative to bioenergy crops and oleochemicals, because of its acclimatisation capacity under inhospitable conditions. Despite the interest in the agronomical characteristics and applications of this crop, investigations on crambe are still scarce and have only focused on production, without taking into account the phenological stages of this species. Thus, a single criterion to quantify the species’ phenology can be a useful tool for both researchers and growers. In the present study, a proposed scale of the phenological growth stages of crambe under the BBCH (Biologische Bundesanstalt Bundessortenamt und Chemische Industrie) coding system was applied. Growth stages were described using the one- and two-digit decimal coding of the BBCH system and corresponded to, Stage 0: germination; Stage 1: leaf development; Stage 2: lateral sprout formation; Stage 5: inflorescence emergence; Stage 6: flowering; Stage 7: fruit formation; Stage 8: fruit maturation; Stage 9: senescence. Growth stages 3 and 4 (main stem elongation and development of collectable vegetative parts, respectively) were omitted. Figures were included to illustrate the most pertinent stages, and vegetal growth was represented by means of a technical botanical illustration. The BBCH system was efficacious in providing crambe Phenological data, allowing for better growing management practices amid varying climatic conditions, as well as contributing to the standardisation of research methods with this species.
The Extreme Precipitation Over the Yangtze–Huaihe River Basin in August 2021: Driven by the Rapid Tropical Atlantic Warming and the Second Developing La Niña
Authors: Zhao Junhu , Zuo Jinqing , Zhang Han , Chen Lijuan , Yang Jie , Zhihai Zheng , Feng Guolin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In 2021, the Yangtze–Huaihe River Basin (YHRB) of China underwent nearly normal precipitation during the classical Meiyu period in June–July but suffered extreme precipitation and severe floods in August. Such a remarkable subseasonal variation in the YHRB precipitation anomalies was closely related to the subseasonal change in the western North Pacific anomalous anticyclone (WNPAC) between June–July and August 2021. The background of sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies is a moderate eastern-Pacific La Niña event rapidly decayed in spring and a second La Niña developing in late summer, accompanied by a weak tropical Indian Ocean warming and a strong tropical Atlantic warming in summer. The results indicated that the rapidly decaying La Niña event and the weak tropical Indian Ocean warming alone were insufficient to induce the strong WNPAC in August 2021. In contrast, the rapid tropical Atlantic warming from late spring to summer observably contributed to the enhancement and westward shift of the WNPAC, and the cold SST anomalies in the eastern tropical Pacific associated with the second La Niña event provided favorable conditions for a strong WNPAC in August. In addition, the Madden − Julian Oscillation (MJO) persisting in phases 1 − 2 during August 2021 maybe also played an important role in maintaining the simultaneous strong WNPAC. That is, the rapid tropical Atlantic warming, the second La Niña event and the MJO standing in phases 1 − 2 jointly contributed to the strong WNPAC, and lead to extreme precipitation over YHRB in August 2021.
Possible charge forming mechanism and its implication and prediction
Authors: Xia Tongsheng 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Research on the field perturbation of black hole is quite attractive, such as, for Schwarzschild black hole, the study on the quasi normal mode gives a result: ωR = THln3. And here when we study the quasi normal mode of the minimum Kerr black hole, we found it corresponds to the charge of e/3. Models and calculations are performed to clarify this, and then further examinations are given to show the implications, especially to let the theory self consistently and even make predictions. We found that even in the Planck scale, the classical General Relativity can give a good description here. Examination on the process from energy to charge value shows that directly using the equation E = hω = √(K/G) erc2 may be helpful. It avoids the annoying caused by taking mass as a middle variable. However, this equation might imply and predict that charge also means some kind of energy.
Diaph3 Underlines Tumor Cell Heterogeneity In Glioblastoma Multiforme With Implications For Treatment Modalities Resistance
Authors: Stoyanov George , Lyutfi Emran , Georgieva Reneta , Georgiev Radoslav , Dzhenkov Deyan , Petkova Lilyana , Ivanov Borislav D. , Kaprelyan Ara , Ghenev Peter 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Introduction: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant astrocytic tumor of the central nervous system (CNS) with a growth pattern mimicking that of the developing brain. Diaphanous homolog (Diaph3) has been established to play a role in CNS maturation and cancer progression as it is required both for cell migration and division. Furthermore, Diaph3 has been shown to play a role in malignant disease progression through hyperactivation of the EGFR/MEK/ERK in loss of expression and its overexpression correlating to hyperactivity of the mTOR pathway, both of which are with a well-established role for GBM. Herein we set out to establish the role of Diaph3 immunohistochemistry expression pattern in GBM.Materials and methods: The study utilized a retrospective nonclinical approach. Results of Diaph3 expression were compared morphologically as well as for statistical significance with neuroradiological measured tumor size and patient survival. Results: GBM samples showed a heterogeneous positive reaction to Diaph3, mean number of positive cells 62.66%, median 61.5, range 12-96%. Areas of migrating cells showed a strong reaction, while centrally located tumor areas were negative, as well as areas of submeningeal aggregation. Statistical analysis revealed no correlation with tumor size or patient survival.Conclusion: Despite Diaph3 expression not correlating with survival and tumor size, there is an accumulating body of evidence that Diaph3 correlates with mTOR activity. Thus, Diaph3 can predict response to rapamycin and taxanes, clinical studies of which have shown promising, if mixed results in GBM.
Effects of Methodological Difference on Fine Root Production, Mortality and Decomposition Estimates Differ Between Functional Groups in A Planted Loblolly Pine Forest
Authors: Li Xuefeng , Zhou Quanlai , Zheng Xingbo , Gavazzi Michael , Shan Yanlong , McNulty Steve , King John S. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background and aims
Fine roots can be functionally classified into an absorptive fine root pool (AFR) and a transport fine root pool (TFR) and their production, mortality and decomposition play a critical role in forest soil carbon (C) cycling. Different methods give significantly different estimates. However, how methodological difference affects AFT and TFR production, mortality, and decomposition estimates remains unclear, impeding us to accurately construct fine root C budgets.
Methods
We used dynamic-flow model, a model based on measurements of litterbags and soil cores, and balanced-hybrid model, a model based on measurements of minirhizotrons and soil cores, to quantify AFT and TFR production, mortality, and decomposition in a planted loblolly pine forest.
Results
Temporal changes in AFR and TFR production, mortality and decomposition estimates were generally the same between the two models. Annual production, mortality, and decomposition were comparable between AFRs and TFRs when measured using the dynamic-flow model but significantly higher for AFRs than for TFRs when measured using the balanced-hybrid model. Annual production, mortality and decomposition estimates using the balanced-hybrid model were 75%, 71% and 69% higher than those using the dynamic-flow model, respectively, for AFRs, but 12%, 6% and 5% higher than those using the dynamic-flow model, respectively, for TFRs. Model test showed that the balanced-hybrid model had greater accuracy than the dynamic-flow model in estimating AFR and TFR production, mortality and decomposition. Lower AFR estimates using the dynamic-flow model than using the balanced-hybrid model appeared to result from the underestimated AFR mass loss rate induced by the litterbag method.
Conclusions
The balanced-hybrid model is more reliable than the dynamics-flow model. Methodological difference has greater effects on AFR estimates than TFR estimates. Effects of methodological difference must be taken into consideration when quantifying fine root production, mortality and decomposition by functional groups.