bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of laboratory biomarkers on inflammatory indices for assessing severity progression in COVID-19 cases
Authors: Prasad Shrishtidhar , Patel Suprava , Behera Ajoy K. , Sahu Dibakar , Shah Seema , Nanda Rachita , Mohapatra Eli 
Published: May 2022

Background and Objective:
This study explored the role of various laboratory biomarkers on inflammatory indices for predicting disease progression toward severity in COVID-19 patients.

Methods:
This retrospective study was conducted on 1233 adults confirmed for COVID-19. The participants were grouped undermild, moderate, and severe grade disease. Serum bio-inflammatory index (SBII) and systemic inflammatory index (SII) were calculated and correlated with disease severity. The study variables, including clinical details and laboratory variables, were analyzed for impact on the inflammatory indices and severity status using a sequential multiple regression model to determine the predictors for mortality. Receiver operating characteristics defined the cut-off values for severity

Results:
Among the study population, 56.2%, 20.7%, and 23.1% were categorized as mild, moderate, and severe COVID-19 cases. Diabetes with hypertension was the most prevalent comorbid condition. The odds for males to have the severe form of the disease was 1.6 times (95% CI = 1.18–2.18, P = 0.002). The median (inter-quartile-range) of SBII was 549 (387.84–741.34) and SII was 2097.6 (1113.9–4153.73) in severe cases. Serum urea, electrolytes, gamma-glutamyl transferase, red-cell distribution width-to-hematocrit ratio, monocytopenia, and eosinopenia exhibited a significant influence on the SpO2, SBII, and SII. Both SBII (r = −0.582, P < 0.001) and SII (r = −0.52, P < 0.001) strongly correlated inversely with SpO2 values [Figures 3a and 3b]. More than 80% of individuals admitted with severe grade COVID-19 had values of more than 50th percentile of SBII and SII. The sensitivity and specificity of SBII at 343.67 for severity were 81.4% and 70.1%, respectively. SII exhibited 77.2% sensitivity and 70.8% specificity at 998.72

Conclusion:
Serial monitoring of the routinely available biomarkers would provide considerable input regarding inflammatory status and severity progression in COVID-19.
Enhancing Literacy Development in Nigeria through Reading and Writing Skills Development
Authors: Mangvwat Solomon E. , Meshak Victor J. 
Published: May 2022

Purpose: The Purpose of this paper is to draw the attention of the Government of Nigeria to the need to support the teaching of reading and writing skills in Nigerian schools for the much-needed national development.
Method and data used: The research was carried out using the library research method which furnished the relevant information on the relevance of reading and writing skills in the acquisition of literacy, which is fundamental to Nigeria’s development.
Finding: The goal of education in Nigeria is development. A kind of development that is human-centred and focused on the aptitude and achievements of an individual. Development is realised when there is a highly literate populace. However, this set objective is hampered by the growing rate of illiteracy. A UNESCO survey in 2015 reveals that 65 million Nigerians out of the 170 million Nigerians are illiterates. They can neither read nor write. The latest report from Varrella (2021) indicates that 62% of Nigerians are literate, even though not quite a good rate. Hence, a development that ought to be sustainable is threatened. The lukewarm attitude of the government in seeing that literacy gains prominence in the curriculum through reading and writing skills is dashed. With the poor literacy rate, it is appalling and a thing of grave concern for a nation that is focused on development through education to have more than half of its citizens as illiterates. Illiteracy is a clog in the wheel of sustainable educational development; it has placed the Nigerian state high on the global poverty index and exposed it to so many diseases and epidemics. Hence, illiteracy is linked to poverty.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Furthermore, the paper found low literacy rate, inadequate funding of education and lack of professional literacy education teachers in the country and it concludes by strongly recommending the promotion of reading and writing skills through access to quality education, adequate funding of education and training of specialist teachers for the needed development of the nation, and sustain its future relevance in the comity of nations.
SCHOOLS’ WITHDRAWAL OF PRIVILEGES AND DEVELOPMENT OF VALUES AMONG LEARNERS
Authors: Musasi Clinton , Ndiku Judah M. , Buhere Pamela 
Published: May 2022

Purpose: The study examined the influence of withdrawal of student privileges on students discipline in public schools, Matungu Sub-County, Kenya.
Methodology: The study adopted a cross-sectional study design to conduct the survey as it was suitable for comparing the following aspects: Demotion of prefects, denial of school trips and denial in co-curricular activities in relation to the development of values among learners. Data was collected using interviews, questionnaires and document analysis. Data were analysed both qualitatively and quantitatively. Qualitative data was analysed thematically while quantitative data was analysed using linear regression. Reliability was attained through test re test method using Cronbach’s alpha with coefficients between 0 and 1 thus rating the internal consistency of the development of values amongst learners.
Findings: The findings of the study indicated that withdrawal of privileges as a disciplinary strategy was effective in developing values ​​among public school students in Matungu Sub-County. The results of the regression analysis revealed that the variables of students who were denied from participating in school trips, demotion of prefects and denial from participating in co-curricular activities were predicted to reduce students discipline mean score by 7.146,15.347 and 5.0123 points respectively. Furthermore, demotion of prefects seemed to contribute more in development of values among learners compared to denial to participate in co-curricular activities and denial from participating in school trips.
Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The researchers focused on withdrawal of students privileges as one of the effective disciplinary actions implemented by many Kenyan schools but with little documentation available for evidence on its contribution to development of values among learners.
Phenological patterns of herbaceous Mediterranean plant communities in spring: is there a difference between native and formerly-cultivated grasslands?
Authors: Hess Manon C.M. , Gómez-Ruiz Pilar Angélica , Morellato Leonor Patricia C. , Buisson Elise 
Published: May 2022

Background and aims – Plant phenology, defined as the timing of recurring life events like leaf flushing, flowering, or fruiting, is highly sensitive to environmental factors such as photoperiod, temperature, and moisture. Phenological synchrony between interacting species – such as plants and their pollinators – is of major importance to the structure and functioning of ecosystems. Plant phenology might also be affected by changes in edaphic conditions. However, whether former agricultural activities may shift phenological patterns of plant communities remains poorly understood. In this study, we evaluated the impact of past agricultural practices on herbaceous plant community phenology in the protected Mediterranean xeric grassland of La Crau (France).
Material and methods – We compared (1) species composition, and (2) phenological patterns of annuals, perennials, Bromus rubens (annual), and Lobularia maritima (perennial), in formerly-cultivated plots – abandoned for 30 years – and intact native grassland plots (steppe), both subjected to itinerant sheep grazing.
Key results and conclusion – Our results suggest that former agricultural activities can affect species composition of Mediterranean xeric grassland communities with differences visible after 30 years of abandonment, but only altered phenological patterns slightly. We suggest that climatic factors and sheep grazing acted as strong habitat filters constraining community assembly at the phenological level.
SANITASI DASAR DI TEMPAT PELELANGAN IKAN SKPT DAEO KECAMATAN MOROTAI SELATAN KABUPATEN PULAU MOROTAI
Authors: Aswan Marwis , Dide Sarnita , Muhammad Juliyati 
Published: May 2022

Salah satu permasalahan yang dihadapi Indonesia yang berkaitan dengan dunia kesehatan adalah sistem sanitasi. Sanitasi merupakan salah satu upaya untuk mengawasi beberapa faktor fisik yang dapat mempengaruhi manusia yang dapat menyebabkan rusaknya perkembangan fisik dari kesehatan serta keberlangsungan hidup. Kabupaten Pulau Morotai. Jenis Penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian deskriptif observasi dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif dan kuantitatif, yaitu penelitian bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasikan sanitasi dasar yang terdapat di pelabuhan tempat pelelangan ikan. saat ini dalam kondisi darurat air bersih, dimana layanan kebutuhan air bersih selama ini belum menyentuh sampai ke Desa-desa. PDAM juga belum mampu melayani secara menyeluruh hingga ke pelosok desa. Tidak hanya kebutuhan air bersih, namun sanitasi yang layak belum juga terpenuhi. Bedasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan di SKPT Daeo bahwa sanitasi dasar masih kategori belum memadai.
Global total ozone recovery trends attributed to ozone-depleting substance (ODS) changes derived from five merged ozone datasets
Authors: Weber Mark , Arosio Carlo , Coldewey-Egbers Melanie , Fioletov Vitali E. , Frith Stacey M. , Wild Jeannette D. , Tourpali Kleareti , Burrows John P. , Loyola Diego 
Published: May 2022

Abstract. We report on updated trends using different merged zonal mean total ozone
datasets from satellite and ground-based observations for the period from 1979
to 2020. This work is an update of the trends reported in Weber et al. (2018)
using the same datasets up to 2016. Merged datasets used in this study include
NASA MOD v8.7 and NOAA Cohesive Data (COH) v8.6, both based on data from the
series of Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet (SBUV), SBUV-2, and Ozone Mapping and
Profiler Suite (OMPS) satellite instruments (1978–present), as well as the Global
Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME)-type Total Ozone – Essential Climate Variable (GTO-ECV) and
GOME-SCIAMACHY-GOME-2 (GSG) merged datasets (both 1995–present), mainly comprising
satellite data from GOME, SCIAMACHY, OMI, GOME-2A, GOME-2B, and TROPOMI. The fifth
dataset consists of the annual mean zonal mean data from ground-based
measurements collected at the World Ozone and Ultraviolet Radiation Data Centre (WOUDC). Trends were determined by applying a multiple linear regression (MLR) to annual
mean zonal mean data. The addition of 4 more years consolidated the fact that
total ozone is indeed slowly recovering in both hemispheres as a result of
phasing out ozone-depleting substances (ODSs) as mandated by the Montreal
Protocol. The near-global (60∘ S–60∘ N) ODS-related ozone trend of the
median of all datasets after 1995 was 0.4 ± 0.2 (2σ) %/decade, which is
roughly a third of the decreasing rate of 1.5 ± 0.6 %/decade from 1978 until
1995. The ratio of decline and increase is nearly identical to that of the EESC
(equivalent effective stratospheric chlorine or stratospheric halogen) change
rates before and after 1995, confirming the success of the Montreal Protocol. The
observed total ozone time series are also in very good agreement with the median
of 17 chemistry climate models from CCMI-1 (Chemistry-Climate Model Initiative
Phase 1) with current ODS and GHG (greenhouse gas) scenarios (REF-C2 scenario). The positive ODS-related trends in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) after 1995 are only obtained with a
sufficient number of terms in the MLR accounting properly for dynamical ozone
changes (Brewer–Dobson circulation, Arctic Oscillation (AO), and Antarctic Oscillation (AAO)). A standard MLR (limited to solar,
Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO), volcanic, and El Niño–Southern
Oscillation (ENSO)) leads to zero trends, showing that the small positive
ODS-related trends have been balanced by negative trend contributions from
atmospheric dynamics, resulting in nearly constant total ozone levels since 2000.
Data-based estimates of interannual sea–air CO2 flux variations 1957–2020 and their relation to environmental drivers
Authors: Rödenbeck Christian , DeVries Tim , Hauck Judith , Le Quéré Corinne , Keeling Ralph F. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract. This study considers
year-to-year and decadal variations in as well as secular trends
of the sea–air CO2 flux over the 1957–2020 period,
as constrained by the pCO2 measurements from the SOCATv2021 database.
In a first step,
we relate interannual anomalies in ocean-internal carbon sources and sinks
to local interannual anomalies in
sea surface temperature (SST), the temporal changes in SST (dSST/dt),
and squared wind speed (u2),
employing a multi-linear regression.
In the tropical Pacific, we find interannual variability to be dominated by dSST/dt,
as arising from variations in the upwelling of colder and more carbon-rich waters into the mixed layer.
In the eastern upwelling zones as well as in circumpolar bands in the high latitudes of both hemispheres,
we find sensitivity to wind speed,
compatible with the entrainment of carbon-rich water during wind-driven deepening of the mixed layer
and wind-driven upwelling.
In the Southern Ocean,
the secular increase in wind speed leads to a secular increase in the carbon source into the mixed layer,
with an estimated reduction in the sink trend in the range of 17 % to 42 %.
In a second step,
we combined the result of the multi-linear regression and
an explicitly interannual pCO2-based additive correction
into a “hybrid” estimate of the sea–air CO2 flux over the period 1957–2020.
As a pCO2 mapping method,
it combines (a) the ability of a regression to bridge data gaps and extrapolate into
the early decades almost void of pCO2 data
based on process-related observables
and (b) the ability of an auto-regressive interpolation to follow signals
even if not represented in the chosen set of explanatory variables.
The “hybrid” estimate can be applied as an ocean flux prior for
atmospheric CO2 inversions covering the whole period of atmospheric CO2 data since 1957.
Simulation, precursor analysis and targeted observation sensitive area identification for two types of ENSO using ENSO-MC v1.0
Authors: Mu Bin , Cui Yuehan , Yuan Shijin , Qin Bo 
Published: May 2022

Abstract. The global impact of an El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) event can differ greatly depending on whether it is an eastern Pacific (EP)-type event or a central Pacific (CP)-type event. Reliable predictions of the two types of ENSO are therefore of critical importance. Here we construct a deep neural network with multichannel structure for ENSO (named ENSO-MC) to simulate the spatial evolution of sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies for the two types of events. We select SST, heat content and wind stress (i.e., three key ingredients of Bjerknes feedback) to represent coupled ocean–atmosphere dynamics that underpin ENSO, achieving skilful forecasts for the spatial patterns of SST anomalies out to 1 year ahead. Furthermore, it is of great significance to analyse the precursors of EP-type or CP-type events and identify targeted observation sensitive areas for the understanding and prediction of ENSO. Precursors analysis is to determine what type of initial perturbations will develop into EP-type or CP-type events. Sensitive area identification is to determine the regions where initial states tend to have the greatest impacts on the evolution of ENSO. We use the saliency map method to investigate the subsurface precursors and identify the sensitive areas of ENSO. The results show that there are pronounced signals in the equatorial subsurface before EP events, while the precursory signals of CP events are located in the northern Pacific. It indicates that the subtropical precursors seem to favour the generation of the CP-type El Niño and that the EP-type El Niño is more related to the tropical thermocline dynamics. Furthermore, the saliency maps show that the sensitive areas of the surface and the subsurface are located in the equatorial central Pacific and the equatorial western Pacific respectively. The sensitivity experiments imply that additional observations in the identified sensitive areas can improve forecasting skills. Our results of precursors and sensitive areas are consistent with the previous theories of ENSO, demonstrating the potential usage and advantages of the ENSO-MC model in improving the simulation, understanding and observations of the two ENSO types.
A quantitative method of resolving annual precipitation for the past millennia from Tibetan ice cores
Authors: Zhang Wangbin , Hou Shugui , Wu Shuang-Ye , Pang Hongxi , Sneed Sharon B. , Korotkikh Elena V. , Mayewski Paul A. , Jenk Theo M. , Schwikowski Margit 
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Net accumulation records derived from alpine ice cores provide the
most direct measurement of past precipitation. However, quantitative
reconstruction of accumulation for past millennia remains challenging due to the difficulty in identifying annual layers in the deeper sections of ice cores. In this study, we propose a quantitative method to reconstruct annual accumulation from alpine ice cores for past millennia, using as an example an ice core drilled at the Chongce ice cap in the northwestern Tibetan Plateau (TP). First, we used laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) technology to develop ultra-high-resolution trace element records in three sections of the ice core and identified annual layers in each section based on seasonality of these elements. Second, based on nine 14C ages determined for this ice core, we applied a two-parameter flow model to established the thinning parameter of this ice core. Finally, we converted the thickness of annual layers in the three sample sections to past accumulation rates based on the thinning parameter derived from the ice flow model. Our results show that the mean annual accumulation rates for the three sample sections are 109 mm yr−1 (2511–2541 years BP), 74 mm yr−1 (1682–1697 years BP), and 68 mm yr−1 (781–789 years BP), respectively. For comparison, the Holocene mean precipitation is 103 mm yr−1. This method has the potential to reconstruct continuous high-resolution precipitation records covering millennia or even longer time periods.
Effects of the measures to contain the Covid-19 pandemic on pre-existing mental vulnerabilities and disorders
Authors: Schweizerhof Margarete , Adrian Zechser , Mueller Artur 
Published: May 2022

This article deals with the following question: "What is the impact of certain pandemic control measures on patient groups with specific mental illnesses, and what are the economic effects on public health?"
For this purpose, 103 patients of psychotherapeutic practice in Germany in the periods before, during and at the current time (April, May 2021) were asked in a twenty-minute survey to indicate the development of their psychiatric symptoms concerning individual measures to combat the pandemic and concerning the general pandemic situation. The collected data were divided into specific diagnostic groups with single and multiple diagnoses and analyzed using the method of descriptive statistical analysis using the IBM SPSS software. As a result, it was found that specific measures to combat the pandemic had varying degrees of influence on the worsening of the specific symptoms of patients with single or multiple diagnoses. Due to the division of patients into diagnostic groups, the present study made it possible for the first time to differentiate and assess the course symptoms of various mental illnesses in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic. It has been shown that the presence of multiple psychiatric diagnoses causes an inflationary worsening of the symptoms. In addition, the specific influence of different measures on specific psychiatric diagnostic groups could be demonstrated. The authors conclude that the impact of specific pandemic control measures varies depending on the diagnostic group. It was also found that the economic impact is high due to the need for interdisciplinary and multimodal therapeutic approaches to combat the consequences for patients with pre-existing mental illnesses.
Servis Sepeda Motor Murah sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Skills Taruna Politeknik Transportasi Darat Bali di Desa Batubulan
Authors: Dwifa Made Beny , Sasue Riz Rifai Oktavianus , Dwipayana Arif Devi , Ahmad Rahmat , Nitiyasa Gusti Bagus Eka , Fitasari Yusime , Suraharta I Made 
Published: May 2022

Di era sekarang ini, Pengabdian kepada masyarakat (PKM) merupakan hal yang sangat penting dilakukan oleh berbagai Perguruan Tinggi untuk membina sinergitas dan mempererat tali persaudaraan dengan masyarakat. Pandemi Covid-19 menyebabkan masyarakat jarang memperhatikan kodisi kendaraan pribadinya. Servis berkala merupakan serangkaian kegiatan yang dilakukan untuk menjaga kondisi dan kualitas dari komponen kendaraan agar tetap terjaga dengan baik. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, Politeknik Transportasi Darat (Poltrada) Bali melakukan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat di sekitaran lingkungan kampus II Gianyar berupa kegiatan servis motor dengan tarif murah. Adapun objek sasaran pada kegiatan ini adalah masyarakat lokal yang tinggal di sekitar kampus Politeknik Transportasi Darat (Poltrada) Bali. Dengan adanya kegiatan PKM ini, diharapkan mampu menarik minat masyarakat untuk melakukakan servis terhadap kendaraanya agar tetap dalam kondisi yang baik serta mampu mengurangi resiko kecelakaan di jalan yang diakibatkan oleh komponen dan fitur dari kendaraan khususnya sepeda motor yang tidak dapat berfungsi dengan baik. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan dengan berbagai tahapan, diantaranya kerjasama antara kampus Politeknik Transportasi Darat (Poltrada) Bali dengan salah satu mitra bengkel resmi Honda, pelatihan service motor kepada para Taruna/i Program Studi Diploma III Teknologi Otomotif dan penyampaian informasi kepada masyarakat. Dari serangkaian persiapan tersebut diharapkan kegiatan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (PKM) ini dapat berjalan dengan lancar dan pelanggan merasa puas akan pelayanan servis yang diberikan. Hasil pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah dari sisi jumlah peserta sertvis baik dari masyarakat umum di lingkungan batubulan dan juga masyarakat di lingkungan Poltrada Bali adalah sebanyak dua puluh enam (26) kendaraan servis. Hasil lain yang menjadi perolehan dalam kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah dasi sisi keterampilan taruna dalam berinteraksi dan bersosialisasi dengan masyarakat dan juga dengan dunia industri, selain juga membiasakan aplikasi kompetensi keahlian bidang Otomotif.
Putin's Russia in the Middle East
Authors: Friedman Brandon 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Nizameddin traces the continuity and change in Russia's evolving Middle East policies from the final days of the Soviet Union through the emergence of Vladimir Putin in 1998 and his return to the presidency, for a non-consecutive third term, in 2012. Russia's behavior in the Middle East is reminiscent of Soviet behavior during the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s. As Nizameddin's recent book shows, Russia is not only pursuing its interests in the Middle East, it is actively working with regional actors (Iran and Bashar al-Asad) to subvert Western objectives and interests in the region. Putin hopes to profit at the West's expense, just as he believes the West tried to profit at Russia's expense in the decade that followed the end of the Cold War.