bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HUT‐based method for structural reliability considering the non‐normal and unknown distributions
Authors: Zhang Long‐Wen , Zhao Yan‐Gang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractStructural reliability analysis involving the non‐normal random variables are commonly encountered in practical engineering. Furthermore, some random variables are often unknown probability distributions, and the probabilistic characteristic of these variables may be expressed using only statistical moments. In this contribution, an efficient algorithm for structural reliability analysis considering the random variables with non‐normal and unknown probability distributions is proposed, in which high‐order unscented transformation (HUT) and fourth‐moment methods are adopted to efficiently evaluate the structural reliability index. By introducing the Rosenblatt transformation and third‐order polynomial transformation (TPT) techniques, random variables with non‐normal or unknown distributions are transformed into standard normal distributions. Accordingly, the performance functions can be reconstructed using standard normal random variables, and HUT is then employed to efficiently estimate the first four moments (i.e., mean, standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis) of the performance function. Based on the Hermite polynomial model, the complete expression of fourth‐moment reliability index is derived for estimating the reliability index using the first four moments of the performance function. The efficiency and accuracy of the proposed algorithm are demonstrated through six numerical examples. The results show that the proposed algorithm is applicable to estimating reliability index of both static and dynamic reliability problems involving explicit and implicit performance functions.
Neurological complications associated with Covid‐19; molecular mechanisms and therapeutic approaches
Authors: Mahboubi Mehrabani Mohammad , Karvandi Mohammad Sobhan , Maafi Pedram , Doroudian Mohammad 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWith the progression of investigations on the pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), neurological complications have emerged as a critical aspect of the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid‐19) pandemic. Besides the well‐known respiratory symptoms, many neurological manifestations such as anosmia/ageusia, headaches, dizziness, seizures, and strokes have been documented in hospitalised patients. The neurotropism background of coronaviruses has led to speculation that the neurological complications are caused by the direct invasion of SARS‐CoV‐2 into the nervous system. This invasion is proposed to occur through the infection of peripheral nerves or via systemic blood circulation, termed neuronal and haematogenous routes of invasion, respectively. On the other hand, aberrant immune responses and respiratory insufficiency associated with Covid‐19 are suggested to affect the nervous system indirectly. Deleterious roles of cytokine storm and hypoxic conditions in blood‐brain barrier disruption, coagulation abnormalities, and autoimmune neuropathies are well investigated in coronavirus infections, as well as Covid‐19. Here, we review the latest discoveries focussing on possible molecular mechanisms of direct and indirect impacts of SARS‐CoV‐2 on the nervous system and try to elucidate the link between some potential therapeutic strategies and the molecular pathways.
Secure consensus control for multi‐agent systems against attacks on actuators and sensors
Authors: Huo Shicheng , Wu Hao , Zhang Ya 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis article studies the secure leader‐following consensus control problem for discrete‐time multi‐agent systems under false data injection (FDI) attacks on both actuators and sensors. It is shown that under standard consensus protocol, an attacked follower can cause normal followers to fail to follow the leader if the normal followers can access the attacked follower through directed paths of arbitrary length. To mitigate the adverse impacts of FDI attacks, a secure observer‐based consensus protocol is presented where local observer is used to estimate the system state and attack signal simultaneously and then the uniformly ultimately boundedness of state consensus error between all followers and leader can be guaranteed. Finally, a simulation example on the LC oscillator networks in the presence of FDI attacks validates the unavailability of standard consensus protocol and the effectiveness of the proposed secure observer‐based consensus protocol.
Environmental or spatial components? Patterns that structure the assemblages of aquatic oligochaetes in Argentine Pampas streams
Authors: Armendáriz Laura Cecilia , Rodríguez Marianela , Rodrigues Capítulo Alberto 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe metacommunity theory includes processes that contribute, at different scales, to the understanding of the distribution of organisms in space and aims to assess the relative importance of spatial and environmental factors in the structuring of communities. Fluvial ecosystems of the Argentine Pampas are characterized by their environmental heterogeneity from slow water courses and variable development of aquatic vegetation to faster courses. They are affected by the different land uses, which are among the main threats to biodiversity and alter the dispersal of the species. Forty‐four species of aquatic oligochaete assemblages from 15 streams of nine Pampean basins were seasonally analyzed. The assemblages were characterized through estimations of taxonomic richness, α and β diversity. No differences were found in the assemblages of the substrates (sediments and aquatic vegetation) within each stream, except for Juan Blanco stream. However, differences were found between streams, as well as between basins. The oligochaetes that contributed most to the dissimilarity among streams and basins were Nais communis, Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri, Dero obtusa, and Stylaria fossularis. Two groups of sites were identified through the analysis of canonical correspondence: those of mountain basins and those of lowland basins. The variance partitioning showed that local environmental conditions (acting as environmental filters) accounted for 15.64% in the ordering of the assemblages, while 14.60% was explained by altitude and geographic factors (as a dispersal limitation). These results help to understand the processes that organize the distribution of organisms at different scales, which could have important implications when making decisions regarding biomonitoring and conservation.
Self‐Supported Transition Metal‐Based Nanoarrays for Efficient Energy Storage
Authors: Liu Xiong Xiong , Chen Chong , He Qian , Kong Qingquan , Blackwood Daniel John , Li Nian Wu , Yu Le , Chen Jun Song 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRechargeable batteries and supercapacitors are currently considered as promising electrochemical energy storage (EES) systems to address the energy and environment issues. Self‐supported transition metal (Ni, Co, Mn, Mo, Cu, V)‐based materials are promising electrodes for EES devices, which offer highly efficient charge transfer kinetics. This review summarizes the latest development of transition metal‐based materials with self‐supported structures for EES systems. Special focus has been taken on the synthetic methods, the selection of substrates, architectures and chemical compositions of different self‐supported nanoarrays in energy storage systems. Finally, the challenges and opportunities of these materials for future development in this field are briefly discussed. We believe that the advancement in self‐supported electrode materials would pave the way towards next‐generation EES.
Mass transfer mechanisms of water pollutions adsorption mediated by different natural adsorbents
Authors: Ratnasari Anisa , Syafiuddin Achmad , Budiarti Rizqi Putri Nourma , Bistara Difran Nobel , Fitriyah Fifi Khoirul , Mardhotillah Rachma Rizqina 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn textile industries, residual dyes and heavy metals are usually released into environment via wastewater effluent. Because of their negative effects not only to environment but also to human health, these contaminants are required to be removed from water environment. To achieve the effective adsorption of dye and heavy metal, the adsorption mechanism needs to be understood clearly. In this study, the complexity of adsorption of Remazol brilliant blue R (RBBR), methyl orange (MO), copper (Cu) ions, and iron (Fe) ions onto numerous natural adsorbents was analyzed using the modified mass transfer factor model (MMTF). The secondary adsorption data were collected from various sources. The study found that MMTF has a superior adaptability for describing the mechanism of the adsorption of dyes and heavy metals both in solely and in multi solute.
Patterning of the antero‐ventral mammalian brain: Lessons from holoprosencephaly comparative biology in man and mouse
Authors: Barratt Kristen S. , Drover Kyle A. , Thomas Zoe M. , Arkell Ruth M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAdult form and function are dependent upon the activity of specialized signaling centers that act early in development at the embryonic midline. These centers instruct the surrounding cells to adopt a positional fate and to form the patterned structures of the phylotypic embryo. Abnormalities in these processes have devastating consequences for the individual, as exemplified by holoprosencephaly in which anterior midline development fails, leading to structural defects of the brain and/or face. In the 25 years since the first association between human holoprosencephaly and the sonic hedgehog gene, a combination of human and animal genetic studies have enhanced our understanding of the genetic and embryonic causation of this congenital defect. Comparative biology has extended the holoprosencephaly network via the inclusion of gene mutations from multiple signaling pathways known to be required for anterior midline formation. It has also clarified aspects of holoprosencephaly causation, showing that it arises when a deleterious variant is present within a permissive genome, and that environmental factors, as well as embryonic stochasticity, influence the phenotypic outcome of the variant. More than two decades of research can now be distilled into a framework of embryonic and genetic causation. This framework means we are poised to move beyond our current understanding of variants in signaling pathway molecules. The challenges now at the forefront of holoprosencephaly research include deciphering how the mutation of genes involved in basic cell processes can also cause holoprosencephaly, determining the important constituents of the holoprosencephaly permissive genome, and identifying environmental compounds that promote holoprosencephaly.This article is categorized under:
Congenital Diseases > Stem Cells and Development
Congenital Diseases > Genetics/Genomics/Epigenetics
Congenital Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology
Congenital Diseases > Environmental Factors
Preliminary investigation of the effects of a concert on the behavior of zoo animals
Authors: Harley Jessica J. , Rowden Lewis J. , Clifforde Lisa M. , Power Aisling , Stanley Christina R. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTo increase visitor footfall and engagement, zoos may host public events that may extend outside typical opening hours. With plans to hold a 2‐day concert at Tayto Park, Ireland, this study aimed to identify the behavioral response to the music event of a selected group of species in the zoo. Twenty‐two species were observed across three phases of the event (pre‐, during, and post event). Specific behaviors of interest were categorized as active, resting, asleep, abnormal, and out of sight, with repeated observations being made at each enclosure during each phase. Alongside these behavioral data, sound pressure levels (SPLs) were concurrently recorded at the observation locations in terms of both dB(A) and dB(C). The median dB(C) levels during the event were found to be significantly higher (mdn = 64.5 dB) when compared with both pre‐event (mdn = 60.7 dB) and postevent phases (mdn = 59.4 dB), while dB(A) levels were only significantly higher during the event (51.7 dB) when compared with the pre‐event phase (mdn = 49.8 dB). We found some species‐specific behavioral changes (mainly associated with active and resting behaviors) correlated with increased SPLs and/or event itself. However, the behavioral responses varied between species and there were numerous species that did not respond with any change in behavior to the increased SPLs or the event itself. This variation in response across species reinforces the need for monitoring of behavioral changes as well as consideration of their natural behavioral ecology when implementing appropriate mitigation strategies. Further research should be encouraged to provide an evidence‐based assessment of how music events may affect animal welfare and behavior and to test the efficacy of mitigation strategies that are implemented to safeguard animal welfare.
Survey of current group demographics and management practices of bachelor groups of western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) across North America
Authors: Gartland Kylen N. , Carrigan Jodi , White Frances J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRecommendations for the successful management and maintenance of bachelor groups of western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) in zoological settings have been an increasingly prevalent focus within the zoological community. Over the past two decades, studies have examined the impact of various environmental factors on the stability of bachelor groups, proposed management strategies for bachelor groups, and compared behavioral trends between bachelor and mixed‐sex groups. These studies have clearly demonstrated that bachelor groups are complex social units that require specialized management approaches. In this study, we aimed to assess the extent to which bachelor group management across North American zoos accredited by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums aligns with established recommendations. We distributed a comprehensive survey broadly encompassing habitat and housing, aggression and wounding, group demographics, feeding, and training to the 22 zoos housing bachelor groups as of 2019. We received completed surveys from 19 zoos, representing a total of 21 social units and 59 individual gorillas. We used descriptive statistics to represent the range of current management strategies across the surveyed population and ANOVAs to assess significant variation in key demographic variables. Our results demonstrate that a majority of zoos have adopted the best practices for the formation of social groups established by Stoinski et al. in 2004. However, there is much less standardization across zoos in protocols surrounding training and feeding. Additionally, important variables in the assessment of wounding, such as time of day and location, are often unknown or not observed by animal care professionals. We highlight these two areas as being of particular focus in developing and adhering to consistent protocols across institutions.
Privacy and the Internet of Things
Authors: Lipford Heather Richter , Tabassum Madiha , Bahirat Paritosh , Yao Yaxing , Knijnenburg Bart P. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractUsing networks of Internet-connected sensors, the Internet of Things (IoT) makes technologies “smart” by enabling automation, personalization, and remote control. At the same time, IoT technologies introduce challenging privacy issues that may frustrate their widespread adoption. This chapter addresses the privacy challenges of IoT technologies from a user-centered perspective and demonstrates these prevalent issues in the domains of wearables (e.g., fitness trackers), household technologies (e.g., smart voice assistants), and devices that exist in the public domain (e.g., security cameras). The chapter ends with a comprehensive list of solutions and guidelines that can help researchers and practitioners introduce usable privacy to the domain of IoT.
Cross-Cultural Privacy Differences
Authors: Li Yao 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAs many technologies have become available around the world and users increasingly share personal information online with people and organizations from different countries and cultures, there is an urgent need to investigate the cross-cultural differences in users’ privacy attitudes and behaviors in the use of these technologies. Such investigation is important to understand how users in different cultures manage their information privacy differently and to inform the privacy design for technologies that are used globally. This chapter covers major cross-cultural differences that have been reported in privacy research. Specifically, it briefly reviews the concept of culture, discusses the cross-cultural differences in privacy management, and recommends design implications on privacy design in the international context.
Privacy and Behavioral Economics
Authors: Acquisti Alessandro , Brandimarte Laura , Loewenstein George 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThere are diverse streams of empirical research attempting to study complex privacy behaviors in different scenarios. In this chapter, we connect those streams and present them under three themes: (1) individuals’ uncertainty about their own preferences as well as their uncertainty about the consequences of information disclosure; (2) the context-dependence of individuals’ concern, or lack thereof, about privacy; (3) the degree to which privacy concerns are malleable and prone to manipulations by commercial and government entities. Building on these themes, we discuss the role of public policy in the protection of privacy in the information age.
Fake Malware Generation Using HMM and GAN
Authors: Trehan Harshit , Di Troia Fabio 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn the past decade, the number of malware attacks have grown considerably and, more importantly, evolved. Many researchers have successfully integrated state-of-the-art machine learning techniques to combat this ever present and rising threat to information security. However, the lack of enough data to appropriately train these machine learning models is one big challenge that is still present. Generative modelling has proven to be very efficient at generating image-like synthesized data that can match the actual data distribution. In this paper, we aim to generate malware samples as opcode sequences and attempt to differentiate them from the real ones with the goal to build fake malware data that can be used to effectively train the machine learning models. We use and compare different Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) algorithms and Hidden Markov Models (HMM) to generate such fake samples obtaining promising results.
End-to-End Security Scheme for E-Health Systems Using DNA-Based ECC
Authors: Moosavi Sanaz Rahimi , Izadifar Arman 
Published: February 2022

AbstractToday, the amount of data produced and stored in computing Internet of Things (IoT) devices is growing. Massive volumes of sensitive information are exchanged between these devices making it critical to ensure the security of these data. Cryptography is a widely used method for ensuring data security. Many lightweight cryptographic algorithms have been developed to address the limitations of resources on the IoT devices. Such devices have limited processing capabilities in terms of memory, processing power, storage, etc. The primary goal of exploiting cryptographic technique is to send data from the sender to the receiver in the most secure way to prevent eavesdropping of the content of the original data. In this paper, we propose an end-to-end security scheme for IoT system. The proposed scheme consists of (i) a secure and efficient mutual authentication scheme based on the Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) and the Quark lightweight hash design, and (ii) a secure end-to-end communication based on Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) and ECC. DNA Cryptography is the cryptographic technique to encrypt and decrypt the original data using DNA sequences based on its biological processes. It is a novel technique to hide data from unauthorized access with the help of DNA. The security analysis of the proposed scheme reveals that it is secure against the relevant threat models and provides a higher security level than the existing related work in the literature.
New BPS solitons in $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 gauged supergravity and black holes in Einstein-Yang-Mills-dilaton theory
Authors: Canfora Fabrizio , Oliva Julio , Oyarzo Marcelo 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We start by revisiting the problem of finding BPS solutions in $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SU (2) × SU (2) gauged supergravity. We report on a new supersymmetric solution in the Abelian sector of the theory, which describes a soliton that is regular everywhere. The solution is 1/4 BPS and can be obtained from a double analytic continuation of a planar solution found by Klemm in hep-th/9810090. Also in the Abelian sector, but now for a spherically symmetric ansatz we find a new solution whose supersymmetric nature was overlooked in the previous literature. Then, we move to the non-Abelian sector of the theory by considering the meron ansatz for SU (2). We construct electric-meronic and double-meron solutions and show that the latter also leads to 1/4 BPS configurations that are singular and acquire an extra conformal Killing vector. We then move beyond the supergravity embedding of this theory by modifying the self-interaction of the scalar, but still within the same meron ansatz for a single gauge field, which is dilatonically coupled with the scalar. We construct exact black holes for two families of self-interactions that admit topologically Lifshitz black holes, as well as other black holes with interesting causal structures and asymptotic behavior. We analyze some thermal properties of these spacetimes.
Energy-weighted message passing: an infra-red and collinear safe graph neural network algorithm
Authors: Konar Partha , Ngairangbam Vishal S. , Spannowsky Michael 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Hadronic signals of new-physics origin at the Large Hadron Collider can remain hidden within the copiously produced hadronic jets. Unveiling such signatures require highly performant deep-learning algorithms. We construct a class of Graph Neural Networks (GNN) in the message-passing formalism that makes the network output infra-red and collinear (IRC) safe, an important criterion satisfied within perturbative QCD calculations. Including IRC safety of the network output as a requirement in the construction of the GNN improves its explainability and robustness against theoretical uncertainties in the data. We generalise Energy Flow Networks (EFN), an IRC safe deep-learning algorithm on a point cloud, defining energy weighted local and global readouts on GNNs. Applying the simplest of such networks to identify top quarks, W bosons and quark/gluon jets, we find that it outperforms state-of-the-art EFNs. Additionally, we obtain a general class of graph construction algorithms that give structurally invariant graphs in the IRC limit, a necessary criterion for the IRC safety of the GNN output.