bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fusion of B‐mode and shear wave elastography ultrasound features for automated detection of axillary lymph node metastasis in breast carcinoma
Authors: Pham The‐Hanh , Faust Oliver , Koh Joel En Wei , Ciaccio Edward J. , Barua Prabal D. , Omar Norlia , Ng Wei Lin , Ab Mumin Nazimah , Rahmat Kartini , Acharya U. Rajendra 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this study, we evaluate and compare the diagnostic performance of ultrasound for non‐invasive axillary lymph node (ALN) metastasis detection. The study was based on fusing shear wave elastography (SWE) and B‐mode ultrasonography (USG) images. These images were subjected to pre‐processing and feature extraction, based on bi‐dimensional empirical mode decomposition and higher order spectra methods. The resulting nonlinear features were ranked according to theirp‐value, which was established with Student'st‐test. The ranked features were used to train and test six classification algorithms with 10‐fold cross‐validation. Initially, we considered B‐mode USG images in isolation. A probabilistic neural network (PNN) classifier was able to discriminate positive from negative cases with an accuracy of 74.77% using 15 features. Subsequently, only SWE images were used and as before, the PNN classifier delivered the best result with an accuracy of 87.85% based on 47 features. Finally, we combined SWE and B‐mode USG images. Again, the PNN classifier delivered the best result with an accuracy of 89.72% based on 71 features. These three tests indicate that SWE images contain more diagnostically relevant information when compared with B‐mode USG. Furthermore, there is scope in fusing SWE and B‐mode USG to improve non‐invasive ALN metastasis detection.
The vascular impact of dapagliflozin, liraglutide, and atorvastatin alone or in combinations in type 2 diabetic rat model
Authors: El Medany Azza Mohammed Hafez , Hammadi Sami Hussein Mahmoud , Khalifa Hoda Mahmoud , Ghazala Rasha Abdelmawla , Zakaria Mohammed Hend Samir 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDiabetic dyslipidemia is a significant contributor in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D). The study aimed at comparing the effect of dapagliflozin, liraglutide, and atorvastatin alone or their combinations on lipids and inflammatory markers and their vascular impact in T2D rats. There were 56 male albino rats included in the study and divided into two main groups. Group A (8 rats) served as normal control. Group B (48 rats) were streptozotocin–nicotinamide‐induced diabetic rats. Subgroups (B‐1, B‐2, B‐3, B‐4, B‐5, and B‐6) received (no medications, dapagliflozin, liraglutide, atorvastatin, dapagliflozin + atorvastatin, and liraglutide + atorvastatin), respectively. Urine albumin/creatinine ratio (UACR), glycosylated hemoglobin (HBA1c), fasting serum glucose (FSG), serum low‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (LDL‐C), high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (HDL‐C), TGs, lipoprotein(a) Lp (a), serum thyrotropin (TSH), highly sensitive C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) and advanced glycation end products (AGEs), were assessed. Qualitative and quantitative histological examination of kidneys focused on renal corpuscles. Dapagliflozin improved the studied parameters but with statistically insignificant increase in LDL‐C, Lp (a) and significant increase in UACR. Atorvastatin improved the studied parameters but with statistically insignificant increase in FSG and HbA1C. Liraglutide and the combination groups significantly improved all studied parameters. Histologically, liraglutide and atorvastatin produced therapeutic effect, while dapagliflozin depicted nephrotoxic effect. Combination groups resulted in better effects with normalization of most of renal corpuscles. There were positive correlations between LDL‐C and hs‐CRP, AGEs, TSH and mesangial expansion. Combination of atorvastatin with liraglutide can improve its vasculoprotective effect. Moreover, combination of atorvastatin with dapagliflozin can ameliorate its possible nephrotoxic effect.
Evaluation and consideration of local specimen material properties in lifetime prediction of short fiber‐reinforced PA6T/6I
Authors: Stadler Gabriel , Primetzhofer Andreas , Pinter Gerald , Grün Florian 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTo exploit the full material potential of short fiber‐reinforced PA6T/6I, specific component calculations including anisotropic material behavior is necessary. For this, different failure criteria and fatigue models are used to describe the behavior during a component service life. This paper deals with the determination and consideration of fiber orientations (FOs) for failure criteria and fatigue calculations. Therefore, a novel method to determine FO distributions across injection‐molded plates is proposed. The developed method allows a forecast of FOs for different specimen extraction positions and angles on injection‐molded plates by using only a few measured reference points. As a result, fatigue models can be calibrated with the strength values and the corresponding FO, calculated for fracture position. The performed tests show a non‐negligible influence of failure positions, due to FO distributions along the specimens. So, the FO determination method delivers an improvement in strength values estimation.
Present and future bright and dark spots for coral reefs through climate change
Authors: Sully Shannon , Hodgson Gregor , van Woesik Robert 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMarine heatwaves can cause coral bleaching and reduce coral cover on reefs, yet few studies have identified “bright spots,” where corals have recently shown a capacity to survive such pressures. We analyzed 7714 worldwide surveys from 1997 to 2018 along with 14 environmental and temperature metrics in a hierarchical Bayesian model to identify conditions that contribute to present‐day coral cover. We also identified locations with significantly higher (i.e., “bright spots”) and lower coral cover (i.e., “dark spots”) than regionally expected. In addition, using 4‐km downscaled data of Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) 4.5 and 8.5, we projected coral cover on reefs for the years 2050 and 2100. Coral cover on modern reefs was positively associated with historically high maximum sea‐surface temperatures (SSTs), and negatively associated with high contemporary SSTs, tropical‐cyclone frequencies, and human‐population densities. By 2100, under RCP8.5, we projected relative decreases in coral cover of >40% on most reefs globally but projected less decline on reefs in Indonesia, Malaysia, the central Philippines, New Caledonia, Fiji, and French Polynesia, which should be focal localities for multinational networks of protected areas.
Strong and lasting impacts of past global warming on baleen whales and their prey
Authors: Cabrera Andrea A. , Schall Elena , Bérubé Martine , Anderwald Pia , Bachmann Lutz , Berrow Simon , Best Peter B. , Clapham Phillip J. , Cunha Haydée A. , Dalla Rosa Luciano , Dias Carolina , Findlay Kenneth P. , Haug Tore , Heide‐Jørgensen Mads Peter , Hoelzel A. Rus , Kovacs Kit M. , Landry Scott , Larsen Finn , Lopes Xênia M. , Lydersen Christian , Mattila David K. , Oosting Tom , Pace Richard M. , Papetti Chiara , Paspati Angeliki , Pastene Luis A. , Prieto Rui , Ramp Christian , Robbins Jooke , Sears Richard , Secchi Eduardo R. , Silva Mónica A. , Simon Malene , Víkingsson Gísli , Wiig Øystein , Øien Nils , Palsbøll Per J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractGlobal warming is affecting the population dynamics and trophic interactions across a wide range of ecosystems and habitats. Translating these real‐time effects into their long‐term consequences remains a challenge. The rapid and extreme warming period that occurred after the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) during the Pleistocene–Holocene transition (7–12 thousand years ago) provides an opportunity to gain insights into the long‐term responses of natural populations to periods with global warming. The effects of this post‐LGM warming period have been assessed in many terrestrial taxa, whereas insights into the impacts of rapid global warming on marine taxa remain limited, especially for megafauna. In order to understand how large‐scale climate fluctuations during the post‐LGM affected baleen whales and their prey, we conducted an extensive, large‐scale analysis of the long‐term effects of the post‐LGM warming on abundance and inter‐ocean connectivity in eight baleen whale and seven prey (fish and invertebrates) species across the Southern and the North Atlantic Ocean; two ocean basins that differ in key oceanographic features. The analysis was based upon 7032 mitochondrial DNA sequences as well as genome‐wide DNA sequence variation in 100 individuals. The estimated temporal changes in genetic diversity during the last 30,000 years indicated that most baleen whale populations underwent post‐LGM expansions in both ocean basins. The increase in baleen whale abundance during the Holocene was associated with simultaneous changes in their prey and climate. Highly correlated, synchronized and exponential increases in abundance in both baleen whales and their prey in the Southern Ocean were indicative of a dramatic increase in ocean productivity. In contrast, the demographic fluctuations observed in baleen whales and their prey in the North Atlantic Ocean were subtle, varying across taxa and time. Perhaps most important was the observation that the ocean‐wide expansions and decreases in abundance that were initiated by the post‐LGM global warming, continued for millennia after global temperatures stabilized, reflecting persistent, long‐lasting impacts of global warming on marine fauna.
How to identify product defects and segment consumer groups on an online auto forum
Authors: Sun Bing , Mao Hongying , Yin Chengshun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractChina's automotive industry has entered a stage of great growth. Owing to the widespread and rapid information dissemination of online automotive forums, they have become an important source for manufacturers to collect product defect information and understand consumer preferences. The purpose of this study is to investigate car defect information and consumer preferences from online automotive forums and segment consumers based on consumer preferences, which holds great promise as a means for companies to improve product design and consumer relationship management. Based on text data of China's top‐ranked Pacific Auto Network, we applied the LDA model, sentiment analysis, text classification, and cluster analysis methods to determine the influencing factors of automobile consumers’ purchasing behavior, identified automobile product defects, and subdivided consumer groups. The results show that the factors affecting consumers’ car buying behavior are low fuel consumption, affordable price, superior performance, fashionable appearance, and comfortable use. Car product defects are mainly reflected in the three aspects of the car's performance, comfort, and configuration; there are six kinds of consumer groups: price seekers, fuel consumption seekers, performance seekers, comfort seekers, cost performance seekers, and appearance seekers. Of these, cost performance seekers make up the largest proportion, and they constitute the largest group of intention purchasers. These findings can help enterprises develop targeted product improvement programs, but also provide a decision‐making basis for enterprises to achieve precision marketing.
Vocation to Love: Supererogation in Aquinas
Authors: Rooney James Dominic 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThomas Aquinas’s account of religious vocation has been interpreted as involving a qualified duty, where ordinary people fall short of living up to the moral ideal of becoming a monk or nun. Such an account of religious vocation makes a hash of Aquinas’s thought and misses important aspects of his ethics. Aquinas holds that religious life is praiseworthy, but not morally required, because there are multiple sources of normativity. I conclude by proposing that, while elements of Aquinas’s notion of supererogation might be shared with other traditions in virtue ethics, his theological commitments are central to his notion of supererogation.
Psychological impact on care professionals due to the SARS‐Cov‐2 virus in Spain
Authors: Santolalla‐Arnedo Iván , Pozo‐Herce Pablo Del , De Viñaspre‐Hernandez Regina Ruiz , Gea‐Caballero Vicente , Juarez‐Vela Raúl , Gil‐Fernandez Guadalupe , Garrido‐Garcia Rebeca , Echaniz‐Serrano Emmanuel , Czapla Michał , Rodriguez‐Velasco Francisco José 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze the psychological impact of the SARS‐Cov‐2 pandemic on nurses in Spain in three different dimensions: exposure to stressors, perceived emotions, and stress coping.BackgroundOn March 11, 2019, the World Health Organization recognized a global pandemic caused by a SARS‐Cov‐2 virus, COVID‐19, which rapidly spread across the planet, involving a community health emergency of international scope.IntroductionThe pandemic situation in health centers has led to significant changes in the work environment, compromising care professionals’ physical and psychological health and resulting in strong physical and mental exhaustion.MethodsAn observational, descriptive, cross‐sectional study was carried out, between February and April 2021, in a large sample of 1360 participants. The researchers conducted the dissemination of a validated questionnaire to working nurses in Spain.ResultsThe sex variable in relation to the study dimensions (stressors, perceived emotions, and coping strategies) showed a mean for stressors of 62.2 ± 10.5 in women and 59.8 ± 12.5 in men (p = 0.010), showing statistically significant differences. Age was a protective factor for all dimensions (p < 0.001). Time of experience showed statistically significant differences for stressors and coping strategies in professionals with more than 15 years of experience.DiscussionFemale nurses who are younger, have less work experience, have not built a family of their own, and live in smaller or indoor flats may be more vulnerable to the effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic on their mental health. Other national and international studies, in this line, have shown an important psychological impact on these professionals.ConclusionIt is necessary to design and adopt effective strategies and measures for the protection of nurses' mental health, as well as for the prevention and early diagnosis of possible mental health problems.
Brief report: Caregiver perceived physical activity preferences of adults with Down syndrome
Authors: Oreskovic Nicolas M. , Agiovlasitis Stamatis , Patsiogiannis Vasiliki , Santoro Stephanie L. , Nichols Dominica , Skotko Brian G. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundAdults with Down syndrome commonly have low levels of physical activity and face social barriers to engaging in physical activity, including boredom and companionship concerns. Adults with Down syndrome are at increased risk for several co‐occurring medial conditions known to benefit from physical activity, including obesity and dementia.MethodThis study surveyed 140 caregivers of adults with Down syndrome to determine the physical activity preferences of their adult with Down syndrome.ResultsDancing was the most frequently caregiver‐reported physical activity preference for adults with Down syndrome, followed by walking and active video gaming. Rowing, using an elliptical machine, and jogging were the least preferred activities. Most caregivers reported that their adult with Down syndrome has a companion available for physical activity.ConclusionPromoting dance in adults with Down syndrome, a caregiver‐reported preferred form of physical activity, may help improve physical activity levels and decrease sedentary behaviours in this population.
Roles of receptor‐interacting protein kinase 1 in SH‐SY5Y cells with beta amyloid‐induced neurotoxicity
Authors: Chan Hong‐Hao , Leong Chee‐Onn , Lim Chooi‐Ling , Koh Rhun‐Yian 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD), the major cause of dementia, affects the elderly population worldwide. Previous studies have shown that depletion of receptor‐interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) expression reverted the AD phenotype in murine AD models. Necroptosis, executed by mixed lineage kinase domain‐like (MLKL) protein and activated by RIPK1 and RIPK3, has been shown to be involved in AD. However, the role of RIPK1 in beta‐amyloid (Aβ)‐induced necroptosis is not yet fully understood. In this study, we explored the role of RIPK1 in the SH‐SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells treated with Aβ 1–40 or Aβ 1–42. We showed that Aβ‐induced neuronal cell death was independent of apoptosis and autophagy pathways. Further analyses depicted that activation of RIPK1/MLKL‐dependant necroptosis pathway was observed in vitro. We demonstrated that inhibition of RIPK1 expression rescued the cells from Aβ‐induced neuronal cell death and ectopic expression of RIPK1 was found to enhance the stability of the endogenous APP. In summary, our findings demonstrated that Aβ can potentially drive necroptosis in an RIPK1‐MLKL‐dependent manner, proposing that RIPK1 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of AD.
Native egg parasitoids on Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann (Hemiptera: Coreidae) in Spain: Potential biological control agents?
Authors: Ponce‐Herrero Laura , Farinha Ana Oliveira , Pando Fernández Valentín , Pajares Alonso Juan Alberto , Alves Santos Fernando Manuel 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLeptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann (Heteroptera: Coreidae), commonly known as western conifer seed bug (WCSB), is an invasive pest in the Mediterranean, where it has been associated with the decline of Pinus pinea L. kernel production. A biological control of WCSB populations with native egg parasitoids may reduce economic losses. With the purpose to obtaining egg masses laid in situ bags with WCSB, adults were placed, for three consecutive years, in a clone bank, and for 1 year, in a pine forest in Central Spain. To estimate the impact of the parasitoid species on the WCSB population, four parasitism indexes were calculated. The WCSB activity period was estimated for two consecutive years in the clone bank through visual monitoring. Two native parasitoid species were found on the WCSB eggs: Ooencyrtus pityocampae (Mercet) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) and Ooencyrtus obscurus (Mercet) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). The latter parasitoid species represents a new finding for WCSB eggs. In the clone bank, discovery efficiency of the egg masses, parasitism rate of the eggs, impact on host population and exploitation efficiency of the egg masses were significantly higher for O. obscurus than for O. pityocampae. In the pine forest, parasitism index values were also higher for O. obscurus, but significant differences were not found by species. Ooencyrtus obscurus reduced the WCSB population by 6.2%, down to 19.6%, while O. pityocampae reduced it by 1.0%, down to 11.5%. Predated eggs were recorded in both experimental sites in low amounts. Both native parasitoid species could be proposed as biological control agents (BCA) in a biological control programme (BCP) in Europe after measuring their effectiveness with laboratory assessments.
Progress and gaps: A systematic review of the family demographics and family subsystems represented in top family science journals 2008–2018
Authors: Perez‐Brena Norma J. , Duncan Jeneé C. , Bámaca Mayra Y. , Perez Roxana 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRecent critiques suggest family science is operating on a narrow definition of family that privileges US/western‐centric perspectives and White, heteronormative, and nuclear families. Understanding that self‐assessment is key to scientific growth, this study systematically assessed the publication patterns of the top six family science journals across 10 years (2008–2018) along two dimensions: the socio‐demographics (continent/country, ethnic‐racial group, and LGBTQ) and family subsystems studied (couple, parent–child, coparental, sibling, kin, and overall family context). Of the 3932 coded studies, 85% included North American and Western European samples. Within U.S.‐based studies, White samples made up more than half of all research. Less than 3% of all coded studies focused on LGBTQ families. Most research focused on the parent–child and couple subsystems and less than 5% focused on kin or siblings. We provide a critical discussion regarding the need for more representation in family science journals, and recommendations for research methods, publication, and reporting requirements.
Novel design for local full‐thickness skin graft: optimizing donor sites of radial forearm free flap
Authors: Liu Zhixin , Zhu Chuandong , Rui Tao , Yuan Kaifang , Zhou Bin , Wang Youyuan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveDonor site deformities remain the primary issues after radial forearm free flap (RFFF) translocations. This study introduced a local full‐thickness skin graft (FTSG) from an adjacent cutaneous area to manage RFFF donor sites and evaluated the esthetic and functional outcomes post‐operatively.Patients and methodsThis was a retrospective study among patients undergoing ablative surgery for head and neck tumors followed by defect reconstruction using a RFFF. The RFFF donor site defects were covered by local FTSGs from the adjacent skins whose harvesting was assisted by a forearm model or traditional FTSGs from abdomen. The color matching degree, surgical scars, ranges of wrist movement, and grip strengths in donor forearms were assessed in two groups at twelve months after surgery.ResultsPatients undergoing local FTSGs recovery exhibited better color matching than those repaired by traditional FTSGs from the abdomen. In forearm model, the local FTSGs width should be less than 22% of the forearm circumference located 5 cm away from the center of Fossa cubitalis. All the local FTSGs transplanted with this technique showed primary or secondary healing.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated using this innovatively designed local FTSGs to close RFFF donor sites was more advantageous than traditional methods.
Timing of early childcare take‐up in Germany: An application of rational choice theory
Authors: Steinberg Hannah Sinja , Kleinert Corinna 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study investigates some of the mechanisms, which may explain social inequalities in the usage of early childhood education and care (ECEC) by focusing on a recently born child cohort born in Germany, a universal childcare regime.BackgroundResearch recognizes rational cost–benefit considerations as important for understanding social inequalities in educational decisions. Yet, given data limitations, we know relatively little about how these considerations are associated with inequalities in ECEC take‐up.Thus, we model the decision to use ECEC as a rational cost–benefit investment strategy, which simultaneously affects the human capital of mothers and children.MethodWe test our assumptions with data from the newborn cohort of the National Educational Panel Study (NEPS), estimating the timing of first entry into ECEC, using discrete‐time event history models (N = 3257).ResultsResults indicate that cost–benefit calculations are relevant for the timing of ECEC take‐up, but do not explain social differences. Mothers who perceive ECEC as an investment in child development, and as an opportunity to maintain their own employment status use ECEC earlier. This association is particularly pronounced for more highly educated mothers.ConclusionFindings highlight mothers' awareness of future educational returns for ECEC decisions. Additionally, they illustrate the importance of the cultural and structural context for these decisions.