bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unveiling four decades of intensifying precipitation from tropical cyclones using satellite measurements
Authors: Shearer Eric , Gorooh Vesta Afzali , Nguyen Phu , Hsu Kuo-lin , Sorooshian Soroosh 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Increases in precipitation rates and volumes from tropical cyclones (TCs) caused by anthropogenic warming are predicted by climate modeling studies and have been identified in several high intensity storms occurring over the last half decade. However, it has been difficult to detect historical trends in TC precipitation at time scales long enough to overcome natural climate variability because of limitations in existing precipitation observations. Using a new global high-resolution climate data record of precipitation, we identify general increases in mean and extreme rainfall rates during 1980–2019, culminating in a 0.32–0.42%/year increase in global rainfall rates. Overall, all basins have experienced intensification in precipitation rates. Increases in rainfall rates have boosted the mean precipitation volume of global TCs by 0.28 ± 0.10%/year, with the starkest rises seen in the North Atlantic, South Indian, and South Pacific basins (maximum 1.53 ± 0.06%/year). In terms of inland rainfall totals, year-by-year trends are generally positive due to increasing TC frequency, slower decay over land, and more intense rainfall. As the global trend in precipitation rates follows expectations from warming sea surface temperatures (11.1%/°C), we hypothesize that the observed trends could be a result of anthropogenic warming creating greater concentrations of water vapor in the atmosphere, though retrospective studies of TC dynamics over the period are needed to confirm.
A model on assessing effects of gas diffusion in multifield coupled process for unsaturated soils
Authors: Ye Zhigang , Wang Lujun , Zhu Bin , Xu Wenjie , Chen Yunmin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Gas diffusion is an important process in thermo-hydro-mechanical coupled problems of unsaturated soils, e.g., nuclear waste repositories or heated pipeline engineering, which usually strongly affects process of liquid water evaporation and water vapor condensation, migration of air and water, heat transfer and skeleton deformation. This paper develops a simple model to assess the effects of gas diffusion on multifield coupled process of unsaturated soils, providing predicting guidance and uniform judgment rather than establishing a numerical coupled model by traditional methods. A dimensionless characteristic number is first proposed and expressed by sediment properties and environmental conditions. Rationality of this characteristic number is then assessed and validated by numerical results, and studies indicated that the gas diffusion is crucial when the characteristic number exceeds a critical one, which is reflected in early valleys of gas / liquid pressure increment induced by vapor condensation and the final maximum value. It can be found from the expression that this characteristic number is highly relevant to diffusion coefficient, permeability, temperature, initial saturation and gas pressure. Parametric studies indicate that gas diffusion appears to be critical for unsaturated clayey soils, provided the diffusion coefficient is larger than 10-7 m2/s and permeability smaller than 10-14 m2. The effect can be neglected for soils with diffusion coefficient is lower than 10-9 m2/s or permeability greater than 10-14 m2.
Cofilin1 Is a Poorer Prognostic Biomarker and potential Immunotherapy in Systematic Pan-Cancer
Authors: Yang Jin , Qiu Cheng-Jie , Zhong Shan , Xiang Yi , Pan Si-Jian 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Cofilin1(CFL1) is an actin-binding protein that can impact the prognosis of patients with malignant cancer through different mechanisms. However, the CFL1 and pan-cancer correlation are unclear. The current research aims studying the link between CFL1 expression and tumor microenvironment and exploring this mechanism in pan-cancer. Methods: To assess the CFL1 expression in diverse cancer types when compared to normal tissues, the Oncomine database was utilized. The link between CFL1 expression and clinical prognosis was estimated by Kaplan-Meier Plotter. To evaluate the connection between CFL1, immune infiltration and related gene maker sets, the TIMER database was utilized. CFL1 was further committed to enrichment analysis for the KEGG pathway. Results: The expression level of CFL1 gene is heterogeneous in different cancer cell lines. The high expression of CFL1 makes pan-cancer patients have poor survival benefits, excluding THYM(Thymoma) patients. The correlation between CFL1 and immune cells was different among cancer types, as proved. The CFL1 expression was linked to TMB and MSI within 14 and six cancer types, respectively. The majority of genes related to immunity and co-expressed with CFL1 has a positive correlation in most tumors. Finally, GSEA analysis shows that CFL1 impact the pathway of metabolism. Conclusion: The study results showed that CFL1 could be a latent prognostic biomarker as well as possible immunotherapy in pan-cancers.
The role of EUS elastography-guided fine needle biopsy in the histological diagnosis of solid pancreatic lesions: A prospective exploratory study
Authors: Ohno Eizaburo , Kawashima Hiroki , Ishikawa Takuya , Mizutani Yasuyuki , Iida Tadashi , Nishio Ryo , Uetsuki Kota , Yashika Jun , Yamada Kenta , Yoshikawa Masakatsu , Gibo Noriaki , Aoki Toshinori , Kataoka Kunio , Mori Hiroshi , Takada Yoshihisa , Aoi Hironori , Takahashi Hidekazu , Yamamura Takeshi , Furukawa Kazuhiro , Nakamura Masanao , Shimoyama Yoshie , Hirooka Yoshiki , Fujishiro Mitsuhiro 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
AimsThis study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of Endoscopic ultrasound elastography-guided fine needle biopsy (EUS-EG-FNB) for the diagnosis of pancreatic mass lesions.MethodsEUS-EG images were classified into heterogeneous and homogeneous groups. For the heterogeneous group, EUS-FNB was separately performed in both hard areas and soft areas. Only samples obtained during the first two passes (hard/soft areas) were used to compare the diagnostic accuracy as well as the quality and quantity of the specimens. We investigated the association of EUS-EG findings using strain histogram analysis with the histological findings.ResultsFifty-five patients were enrolled including 25 patients with heterogeneous group. The homogeneous group had significantly lower mean strain value (hard) lesions. The adequate sampling rates from hard and soft areas were 88% and 92%, respectively (P=0.6374). Comparison of the diagnostic accuracy and the quality and quantity of the histological core between hard and soft areas showed no significant differences. In pancreatic adenocarcinoma cases, the proportion of fibrous stroma in the core tissue was significantly correlated with the elasticity of the region. (R2=0.1226: P=0.0022) ConclusionEUS-EG may reflect tissue composition in pancreatic tumors, however, EUS-EG did not affect either the quality and quantity of the tissues obtained.(Clinical Trial Registry No. UMIN-000033073)
Analysis of Air Pollution via Phase Difference
Authors: Jia Lanlan , Kim Namhyun , Xia Yingcun 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The fundamental assumption of analysing the association between urban air pollution and economic development is the negligible spread of air pollution between cities. The most existing studies mainly analysed the effect of economic development on a city's air pollution base on the assumption of negligible spread of air pollution. Hence, this paper aims to provide the statistical tools to verify the very assumption by performing the phase difference analysis on time series of air pollutants of cities in a region, particularly corresponding estimation and testing methods for the phase difference. Furthermore, the empirical analysis in the three regions of China shows that the main causes of air pollution are economic activities and weather conditions, and also the spread of pollutants between cities when the air pollution in a region is severe. This finding supports the existing conception of air pollution, specifically Environmental Kuznets Curve, and the need for a more extensive analysis allowing more detailed causes of the air pollution in a regression model.
Enhancing medical student interest in careers in the clinical neurosciences through a hands-on procedure workshop
Authors: Sanderson Collin , Mazhar Khadijah , Goldberg Mark P. , Chitnis Shilpa , Hays Ryan , Dave Hina 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: It is predicted that the current shortfall of neurologists will continue to grow beyond current training rates. It is well documented that medical students often possess stigmatizing beliefs towards neuroscience-based careers. Preclinical medical education is where many medical students lay the foundation for specialty interests, and at some medical schools it may be their only direct exposure to neurology. Providing preclinical students with exposure to the unique aspects of clinical neuroscience such as procedures is a possible avenue for increasing student interest. We sought to assess the influence of a procedure workshop on student specialty interest.Methods: We organized a hands-on procedure workshop for preclinical medical students to learn exam skills and procedures used by adult/pediatric neurologists, neurosurgeons, and psychiatrists. Twelve different stations were run by faculty, trainees, and technicians. Attendance was optional, and students were free to move between stations according to their time and interests. Most stations involved some brief education and time for students to practice or take part in the procedure. Attendees completed a survey on their interest in the relevant specialties before and after the workshop, and the helpfulness of each station in understanding the procedure. Statistical analyses were performed on the survey responses to determine change in specialty interest resulting from the workshop.Results: 111 students attended the workshop, and 104 (94%) filled out the post-survey. Most were from the second-year medical student class. Approximately 41% of the second-year class attended. There was an increase in student interest in the clinical neurosciences by Fisher’s exact test (p<0.0001). 33 attendees (32%) reported an increased interest in the specialties from the workshop. Interestingly, 82% (18/22) of the students who reported previously having no interest in the specialties had an increased interest as a result of the workshop.Discussion: A hands-on procedure workshop improved medical student interest in the clinical neurosciences. Although its impact on future specialty choice is unclear, enjoyable preclinical experiences such as a procedure workshop may be a useful addition to medical school curricula to foster interest in neurology and the clinical neurosciences.
Is Virtual Reality Suitable for Hand Hygiene Training in Health Care Workers? A Comparative Evaluation of Satisfaction and Effectives
Authors: Eichel Vanessa M , Brandt Christian , Brandt Juliane , Jabs Jonas M , Mutters Nico T 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
For effective prevention of nosocomial transmissions continuous training and motivation of health care workers (HCW) are essential to maintain and increase compliance with high rates of hand disinfection. The use of Virtual Reality (VR) seems to be a contemporary and interesting approach for hand hygiene training in HCW. Nevertheless, HCW should be asked for their preferences and training success should be evaluated.
Methods
A prospective, cross-controlled trial was conducted in a tertiary care hospital comparing a conventional lecture for hand hygiene to the use of VR. Primary outcome was HCW satisfaction, secondary outcomes were hand rub consumption and compliance to indications for hand disinfection as proposed by WHO.
Results
In summary, 81 trainings were conducted, 48 VR trainings and 33 trainings by lecture. While most HCW (69%) would prefer VR teaching rather than a lecture for hand hygiene education, only 4% preferred the traditional lecture. 400 observations of hand disinfection indications were made, 50 before intervention and 50 after each intervention at the three wards. Mean proportion of correct and indication-appropriate performances was 81% before intervention, 87% after VR training (p = 0,12), and 95% after lecture (p = 0,04). Hand rub consumption did not change significantly in any group.
Conclusions
Due to the high acceptance of VR technology among healthcare workers, it can be considered an interesting addition to conventional lectures for teaching hand hygiene. However, the hypothesis that VR teaching has a higher impact on disinfectant use and hand hygiene compliance than a conventional lecture cannot be confirmed.
A Comparative Study on Forecasting of Long-term Daily Streamflow using ANN, ANFIS, BiLSTM, and CNN-GRU-LSTM
Authors: Vatanchi Sajjad M. , Etemadfard Hossein , Maghrebi Mahmoud Faghfour , Shad Rouzbeh 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
One of the essential phases in water resource planning and management is streamflow forecast. It is necessary for the functioning of hydropower plants, agricultural planning, and flood control. The present study applied Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model, Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS), Bidirectional LSTM (BiLSTM), and hybrid Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM) model to predict the long-term daily streamflow in the Colorado River, USA. 60% of the data (1921–1981) was used for training, while 40% of the data (1981–2021) was utilized for testing the model's performance. The obtained outcomes of the suggested models were assessed using four assessment indices, including by Normalized Root Mean Square Error (NRMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Correlation Coefficient (r), and Nash–Sutcliffe Coefficient (ENS). Based on the comparison of outputs, in the testing phase, it was determined that the ANFIS model with NRMSE = 0.116, MAE = 24.66, r = 0.968, and ENS = 0.936 outperformed the other studied models in terms of reliability and accuracy. While the CNN-GRU-LSTM and BiLSTM models are complex, they do not perform better. The comparison demonstrates that the performance of their respective models is not much better than the two standard models-ANN and ANFIS.
Experimental Investigation on Deposits of ER70S-6 Wire on Sio2 Substrate Using Non-Transferred Arc Based Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing
Authors: pattanayak suvranshu , Sahoo Susanta Kumar , Sahoo Ananda Kumar 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Recent trends in additive manufacturing (AM) are to produce geometrically complex structures at minimal wastage of material, time and cost, without sacrificing part quality, mechanical performance and to introduce ease in processing and part removal. Here a non-transferred arc (NTA) based wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) system has been developed to achieve the above objectives, where arc is only generated between tungsten electrode and consumable filler wire. No electrical contact with substrate facilitates deposits even on non-conductive substrate surface that helps in easy removal of final deposits. Influence of deposition parameters (welding current, voltage, wire feed speed (WFS), and travel speed) on response characteristics (bead uniformity, height deviation, droplet diameter, droplet transfer frequency) is studied on multi-performance level using grey relational analysis (GRA). Then single and multi-bead layer is fabricated over SiO2 substrate for ease in part removal after complete fabrication. WFS is referred as a key deposition parameter which have influence on all deposition characteristics. It has been observed that NTA based WAAM results high bead uniformity with minimal spatter and bead height difference between start and exit arc point. Complete ferrite microstructure with few pearlites is observed on the deposits with similar elemental composition on top, bottom and interface surface. X-ray diffraction (XRD) study reveals ferrite diffraction planes ({110}, {200}, {211}, and {220}) with no intermetallic formations on deposits. Also, compressive residual stress with less variation in crystallite size, stress, strain and microhardness among top, bottom, and lateral surface of deposit indicates isotropic nature of the fabricated part.
Triangular nexus among entrepreneur, energy policy and economic policy uncertainties: A symmetric and asymmetric evidence of inclusive sustainable development goal (SDGs)
Authors: Udemba Edmund Ntom , Emir Firat , Philip Lucy Davou 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This is inclusive study of Turkish sustainable development. Our study seeks to study Turkish sustainable development amidst policy uncertainty towards its energy policy and progressive economic performance. Dual analyses of symmetric (Dynamic Ordinary Least Square-DOLS) and asymmetric (Non-linear autoregressive distributed lag-NARDL) approaches with granger causality estimate were adopted for clear and in depth analysis of this study. We adopt Turkish data of 1985 to 2017 for the accommodation of both short term and long term analysis. From both approaches, entrepreneur activities and renewable energy policy are observed mitigating ecological footprint thereby impacting favourable to the environmental performance of Turkey, while the economic policy uncertainties has no mitigating force against the ecological footprint. The impact of economic growth on the environment comes in stages through inverted Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis. Also, findings from granger causality attest to the findings from both symmetric and asymmetric by establishing a two-way granger causality between entrepreneur and ecological footprint which shows that the entrepreneur has a great influence in impacting ecological footprint.Renewable energy is found mitigating environmental damage through a one-way granger causality from renewable to ecological footprint. Hence, policy is advised to be framed towards enhancing entrepreneurial activities and renewable energy sector with technological innovation in order to achieve Turkish climate goals
ProHealth eCoach: User-Centered Design and Development of an eCoach App to Promote Healthy Lifestyle with Personalized Activity Recommendations
Authors: CHATTERJEE AYAN , Prinz Andreas , Gerdes Martin , Martinez Santiago , Pahari Nibedita , Meena Yogesh Kumar 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Regular physical activity (PA), healthy habits, and a healthy diet are recommended guidelines to maintain a healthy lifestyle. A healthy lifestyle can help to avoid chronic diseases and long-term illnesses. A monitoring and automatic personalized lifestyle recommendation system (i.e., automatic electronic coach or eCoach) with considering clinical and ethical guidelines, individual health status, condition, and preferences may successfully help participants to follow recommendations to maintain a healthy lifestyle. As a prerequisite for the prototype design of such a helpful eCoach system, it is essential to involve the end-users and subject-matter experts throughout the iterative design process. Methods: We used an iterative user-centered design (UCD) approach with a dialogue-labs method to collect qualitative data from different users (i.e., researchers, non-technical and technical, health professionals, subject-matter experts, and potential end-users) to develop a roadmap for self-management with eCoaching. We designed and developed the eCoach prototype in two stages, adopting different phases of the UCD approach and co-design events. In UCD workshop 1, we focused on identifying end-users, understanding the user’s context, specifying user requirements, designing and developing an initial low-fidelity eCoach prototype. In UCD workshop 2, we focused on maturing the low-fidelity solution design and development for the visualization of continuous and discrete data, artificial intelligence (AI)-based interval forecasting, personalized recommendations, and activity goals. Results: The UCD approach helped to develop a working prototype of eCoach system that meets end-user's requirements and expectations towards an effective recommendation visualization, considering diversity in culture, quality of life, and human values. The design provides an early version of the solution, consisting of wearable technology, a mobile app, and web content for self-monitoring, goal setting, and lifestyle recommendations in an engaging manner between the eCoach app and end-users. Conclusions: The adopted UCD approach brings in a design focus on the user and their needs at each phase. Throughout the design process, users have been involved at the heart of the design to create a working research prototype to improve the fit between technology, end-user, and researchers. Furthermore, we performed a technological readiness study of ProHealth eCoach against standard levels set by European Union (EU). Trial Registration: Not Applicable.
First-Principles Study of Strain on BN-Doped Arsenene
Authors: He Jianlin , Liu GuiLi , Li Xinyue , Wang Haonan , Zhang Guoying 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The effects of B, N, and BN doped arsenenes and different strains on the optoelectronic properties of BN doped arsenene were investigated using a first-principles approach. The B, N, and BN doping caused the bandgap of arsenene to shift from indirect-direct and a strong charge-transfer occurred between arsenene and B, N and BN, and the transfer between N atoms and arsenene was more drastic. The structural stability and bandgap decrease gradually with the increase of tensile and compressive deformation, but the compressive deformation is easier to achieve stable modulation of the bandgap compared with tensile deformation. As atoms and B atoms make the main contribution to the BN-doped arsenene system, and N atoms contribute to some energy regions, the overall contribution is small. The absorption and reflection peaks are red-shifted with the increase of tensile and compressive deformation.
Mucin foraging enables Akkermansia muciniphila to compete against other microbes in the gut and to modulate host sterol biosynthesis
Authors: Davey Lauren , Malkus Per , Villa Max , Dolat Lee , Holmes Zachary , Letourneau Jeffrey , Ansaldo Eduard , David Lawrence , Barton Greg , Valdivia Raphael 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Akkermansia muciniphila, a prominent member of the gastrointestinal tract (GI) microbiota, uses mucins as a sole source of carbon and nitrogen. A. muciniphila is considered a next-generation probiotic because its abundance in humans positively correlates with protection from metabolic syndrome and obesity. However, A. muciniphila is intractable to genetic analysis and thus the molecular mechanisms underlying the metabolism of mucin, its colonization of the GI tract, and its impact on host physiology are poorly understood. Here, we developed and applied transposon mutagenesis to identify A. muciniphila factors important for the use of mucin and determined that mucin degradation products accumulate in internal compartments through a process that requires pili and a periplasmic protein complex. We further determined that the degradation of mucin and related proteoglycans is important for colonization of the GI by A. muciniphila but only in the context of competing microbes. In germ free mice, mucin use by A. muciniphila repressed the expression of host genes required for mevalonate and cholesterol biosynthesis in the colon, providing a molecular link between A. muciniphila metabolism of mucins, the regulation of lipid homeostasis and potential probiotic activities.