bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation and optimization of novel extraction algorithms for the automatic detection of atrial activations recorded within the pulmonary veins during atrial fibrillation
Authors: Prudat Yann , Luca Adrian , Yazdani Sasan , Derval Nicolas , Jaïs Pierre , Roten Laurent , Berte Benjamin , Pruvot Etienne , Vesin Jean-Marc , Pascale Patrizio 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background and objective
The automated detection of atrial activations (AAs) recorded from intracardiac electrograms (IEGMs) during atrial fibrillation (AF) is challenging considering their various amplitudes, morphologies and cycle length. Activation time estimation is further complicated by the constant changes in the IEGM active zones in complex and/or fractionated signals. We propose a new method which provides reliable automatic extraction of intracardiac AAs recorded within the pulmonary veins during AF and an accurate estimation of their local activation times.

Methods
First, two recently developed algorithms were evaluated and optimized on 118 recordings of pulmonary vein IEGM taken from 35 patients undergoing ablation of persistent AF. The adaptive mathematical morphology algorithm (AMM) uses an adaptive structuring element to extract AAs based on their morphological features. The relative-energy algorithm (Rel-En) uses short- and long-term energies to enhance and detect the AAs in the IEGM signals. Second, following the AA extraction, the signal amplitude was weighted using statistics of the AA sequences in order to reduce over- and undersensing of the algorithms. The detection capacity of our algorithms was compared with manually annotated activations and with two previously developed algorithms based on the Teager–Kaiser energy operator and the AF cycle length iteration, respectively. Finally, a method based on the barycenter was developed to reduce artificial variations in the activation annotations of complex IEGM signals.

Results
The best detection was achieved using Rel-En, yielding a false negative rate of 0.76% and a false positive rate of only 0.12% (total error rate 0.88%) against expert annotation. The post-processing further reduced the total error rate of the Rel-En algorithm by 70% (yielding to a final total error rate of 0.28%).

Conclusion
The proposed method shows reliable detection and robust temporal annotation of AAs recorded within pulmonary veins in AF. The method has low computational cost and high robustness for automatic detection of AAs, which makes it a suitable approach for online use in a procedural context.
Assessment of knowledge, practices, and barriers to pharmacovigilance among nurses at a teaching hospital, Ghana: a cross‑sectional study
Authors: Adu-Gyamfi Paa Kofi Tawiah , Mensah Kwesi Boadu , Ocansey Joseph , Moomin Aliu , Danso Bright Owusu , Agyapong Frank , Jnr Reginald Arthur-Mensah 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Pharmacovigilance may be defined as the continuous monitoring of the reaction between a drug agent or combination of drugs a patient took and steps taken to prevent any associated risk. Clinical trials conducted before drug approval cannot uncover every aspect of the health hazards of approved drugs. People with carefully selected characteristics are monitored for the safety and efficacy of the drug; hence, common adverse drug reactions (ADRs) following proper use of the medication can be detected. This calls for continuous monitoring of drugs to report any undocumented ADRs during the clinical trial. The study aimed to assess the knowledge, practice, and barriers to pharmacovigilance among nurses at a teaching hospital.

Methods
The study was a descriptive cross-sectional study, and a stratified sampling technique was used to select 125 nurses within the three units: medical, surgical, and pediatric wards. A structured questionnaire was developed and used for data collection based on the study's objectives and reviewed literature.

Results
The majority (67.2%) of the respondents were females, and 32.8% were males. Most (71.2%) of the nurses had low knowledge of ADR reporting procedures. Also, 84.8% of the nurses knew the purpose of reporting ADRs. The purpose of ADR reporting, as perceived by respondents, was to identify safe drugs (80.8%) and calculate the incidence of ADR (75.2%). Additionally, among the nurses who reported having nursed a patient with ADRs, 52.54% stated they reported the case, while 47.46% did not report it. The most cited reason for not reporting ADRs was that nurses considered the reaction normal and commonly associated with that medicine (35.7%). In comparison, 28.5% of the nurses said they did not know they were supposed to report the adverse drug reaction. There was no statistically significant difference between ranks of nurses, ward, attending in-service training, and pharmacovigilance practice.

Conclusion
In conclusion, nurses in this study had inadequate knowledge of pharmacovigilance and its reporting procedure. The study found that most nurses fear that reporting ADRs may be wrong because most of the nurses in the study did not have any form of pharmacovigilance training.
Competencies and needs of nurse educators and clinical mentors for teaching in the digital age – a multi-institutional, cross-sectional study
Authors: Jobst Stefan , Lindwedel Ulrike , Marx Helga , Pazouki Ronja , Ziegler Sven , König Peter , Kugler Christiane , Feuchtinger Johanna 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
The impact of technology and digitalization on health care systems will transform the nursing profession worldwide. Nurses need digital competencies to integrate new technology in their professional activities. Nurse educators play a crucial role in promoting the acquisition of digital competences and therefore need to be digitally competent themselves. Research on digital competencies of nursing educators is scarce but suggests lack of digital knowledge and skills and support needs. Although digitalization is to be seen as a global process, regional contexts need to be taken into account, such as pre-existing competencies, local conditions, and individual needs. Thus, it remains unclear which competencies nurse educators possess and which support needs they have.
Aim of this study was to assess nurse educators’ and clinical mentors’ digital competencies and explore their needs and requirements concerning the digital aspects of their pedagogy and teaching activities in Germany.

Methods
A descriptive exploratory study with a cross-sectional design was conducted. Participants were identified using a convenience sampling approach. Data were collected during July and September 2020 using a standardized self-reported questionnaire that was developed specifically for this study. The questionnaire was provided in a paper and online format and participants could decide which format to use. It contained open- and closed-ended questions. Data were analyzed using descriptive and content analysis. Additionally, explorative subgroup analyses based on job designation, age, and gender were performed. Reporting of this study adhered to the STROBE checklist.

Results
A total of 169 educating nurses participated in the survey. The respondents considered themselves as digitally competent and showed a positive attitude towards the integration of digital technology in their teaching activities. Their perceived preparedness to integrate digital technology into teaching and training varied. Almost all respondents (98%) declared a need for further training and seemed motivated to participate in corresponding educational events. There were some indications for differences in competencies or needs between subgroups.

Conclusions
Educating nurses appear to possess basic digital competencies but there is a need to support their professional development in terms of new technologies. Findings can be used as a basis for developing supportive interventions. Further qualitative investigations could inform the design and content of such interventions.
Identification of COVID-19 patients at risk of hospital admission and mortality: a European multicentre retrospective analysis of mid-regional pro-adrenomedullin
Authors: Sozio Emanuela , Moore Nathan A. , Fabris Martina , Ripoli Andrea , Rumbolo Francesca , Minieri Marilena , Boverio Riccardo , Rodríguez Mulero María Dolores , Lainez-Martinez Sara , Martínez Martínez Mónica , Calvo Dolores , Gregoriano Claudia , Williams Rebecca , Brazzi Luca , Terrinoni Alessandro , Callegari Tiziana , Hernández Olivo Marta , Esteban-Torrella Patricia , Calcerrada Ismael , Bernasconi Luca , Kidd Stephen P. , Sbrana Francesco , Miguens Iria , Gordon Kirsty , Visentini Daniela , Legramante Jacopo M. , Bassi Flavio , Cortes Nicholas , Montrucchio Giorgia , Di Lecce Vito N. , Lauritano Ernesto C. , García de Guadiana-Romualdo Luis , González del Castillo Juan , Bernal-Morell Enrique , Andaluz-Ojeda David , Schuetz Philipp , Curcio Francesco , Tascini Carlo , Saeed Kordo 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Mid-Regional pro-Adrenomedullin (MR-proADM) is an inflammatory biomarker that improves the prognostic assessment of patients with sepsis, septic shock and organ failure. Previous studies of MR-proADM have primarily focussed on bacterial infections. A limited number of small and monocentric studies have examined MR-proADM as a prognostic factor in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, however there is need for multicenter validation. An evaluation of its utility in predicting need for hospitalisation in viral infections was also performed.

Methods
An observational retrospective analysis of 1861 patients, with SARS-CoV-2 confirmed by RT-qPCR, from 10 hospitals across Europe was performed. Biomarkers, taken upon presentation to Emergency Departments (ED), clinical scores, patient demographics and outcomes were collected. Multiclass random forest classifier models were generated as well as calculation of area under the curve analysis. The primary endpoint was hospital admission with and without death.

Results
Patients suitable for safe discharge from Emergency Departments could be identified through an MR-proADM value of ≤ 1.02 nmol/L in combination with a CRP (C-Reactive Protein) of ≤ 20.2 mg/L and age ≤ 64, or in combination with a SOFA (Sequential Organ Failure Assessment) score < 2 if MR-proADM was ≤ 0.83 nmol/L regardless of age. Those at an increased risk of mortality could be identified upon presentation to secondary care with an MR-proADM value of > 0.85 nmol/L, in combination with a SOFA score ≥ 2 and LDH > 720 U/L, or in combination with a CRP > 29.26 mg/L and age ≤ 64, when MR-proADM was > 1.02 nmol/L.

Conclusions
This international study suggests that for patients presenting to the ED with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, MR-proADM in combination with age and CRP or with the patient’s SOFA score could identify patients at low risk where outpatient treatment may be safe.
Constrictive pericarditis caused by viral myocarditis in children: a brief report
Authors: Lei Haiyan , Wang Dandan , Wang Haiyong , Xu Yuansheng 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Constrictive pericarditis is more common in adults and has a low incidence in children. Here is a case of coxsackie virus induced myocarditis in children, resulting in constrictive pericarditis.

Conclusion
Chronic inflammation of viral myocarditis can cause inflammatory changes of pericarditis and cause constrictive pericarditis.
Secretion of collagenases by Saccharomyces cerevisiae for collagen degradation
Authors: Xiao Han , Liu Xiufang , Feng Yunzi , Zheng Lin , Zhao Mouming , Huang Mingtao 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
The production and processing of animal-based products generates many collagen-rich by-products, which have received attention both for exploitation to increase their added value and to reduce their negative environmental impact. The collagen-rich by-products can be hydrolyzed by collagenases for further utilization. Therefore, collagenases are of benefit for efficient collagen materials processing. An alternative and safe way to produce secreted collagenases is needed.

Results
Two collagenases from Hathewaya histolytica, ColG and ColH, were successfully secreted by the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Compared with the native signal peptide of collagenase, the α-factor leader is more efficient in guiding collagenase secretion. Collagenase secretion was significantly increased in YPD medium by supplementing with calcium and zinc ions. Recombinant collagenase titers reached 68 U/mL and 55 U/mL for ColG and ColH, respectively. Collagenase expression imposed metabolic perturbations on yeast cells; substrate consumption, metabolites production and intracellular cofactor levels changed in engineered strains. Both recombinant collagenases from yeast could hydrolyze soluble and insoluble collagen materials. Recombinant ColG and ColH showed a synergistic effect on efficient collagen digestion.

Conclusions
Sufficient calcium and zinc ions are essential for active collagenase production by yeast. Collagenase secretion was increased by optimization of expression cassettes. Collagenase expression imposed metabolic burden and cofactor perturbations on yeast cells, which could be improved through metabolic engineering. Our work provides a useful way to produce collagenases for collagen resource utilization.

Graphical Abstract
OXTR DNA methylation differentiates men on the obesity spectrum with and without binge eating disorder
Authors: Giel Katrin Elisabeth , Schag Kathrin , Leehr Elisabeth Johanna , Mack Isabelle , Schuster Lea-Sarah , Wiegand Ariane , Zipfel Stephan , Hallschmid Manfred , Nieratschker Vanessa 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
The neuropeptide oxytocin (OXT) plays a role in the regulation of eating behavior and metabolism. OXT functioning is altered in patients with eating and weight disorders, and a variant of the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) has been associated with impulsive eating behavior as it is seen in patients with binge eating disorder (BED). Gene × environment interactions could play a role in BED. One mechanism mediating this interaction is the epigenetic alteration of gene expression. We therefore investigated if DNA methylation of the OXTR differs between individuals with obesity depending on a comorbid BED. We analyzed DNA methylation of the OXTR in peripheral blood of 227 individuals on the obesity spectrum (mean age: 40.3 ± 13.1 yrs; mean BMI: 38.6 ± 7.3 kg/m2), 130 of which were diagnosed with BED.

Results
There were no overall differences in OXTR methylation between participants with and those without BED (p > 0.05), while both subgroups were comparable regarding age and body mass index (BMI), but significantly differed in sex distribution (p = 0.035). We found no relationship between mean DNA methylation and BMI or self-reported eating disorder (ED) pathology. Analyzing potential sex differences revealed a significantly lower OXTR DNA methylation in male participants with BED as compared to those without BED (p = 0.017). No such difference was found in the female subsample (p > 0.05).

Conclusions
Clinically significant binge eating pathology might be associated with lower OXTR DNA methylation exclusively in males. The differential DNA methylation of OXTR in males with BED supports the view that BED represents a phenotype within the obesity spectrum that is characterized by specific vulnerability factors. A better understanding of the epigenetic underpinnings of the OXT system might contribute to the refinement of OXT administration approaches as potential interventions in eating and weight disorders.
Childhood allergic diseases across geographical regions of Kandy and Anuradhapura districts of Sri Lanka; where do the rates stand among other regions: experience from Global asthma network Phase 1 study
Authors: Ranasinghe Jagath C. , Karunarathne Ruchira R. , Munasinghe Thilini S. , Vidanapathirana Gihani U. , Kudagammna Sanath T. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Asthma, allergic rhinitis and eczema have been identified as the most prevalent childhood allergic diseases. However, the prevalence of these allergic diseases can vary in different regions within a country and in the world.

Methods
The objective of the study was to estimate the prevalence of asthma, allergic rhinitis and eczema in schoolchildren in the Kandy and Anuradhapura districts of Sri Lanka. This was a multicentre cross sectional study carried out among children of age 6–7 years and 13–14 years attending state schools fulfilling the entry criteria of the Global Asthma Network Phase 1 study methodology.

Results
A total of 3673 children of 6–7 years and 4658 children of 13–14 years were recruited. The prevalence of current asthma, allergic rhinitis and eczema were 12% (CI 10.44–13.75), 15.7% (CI 13.94–17.64) and 9.7% (CI 8.30–11.31) among 6–7 years age group and 15.3% (CI 13.66–17.09), 30.5% (CI 28.86–32.74) and 7.3% (CI 6.15–8.65) respectively among the 13–14 age group in Kandy district. The reported prevalence rates of the disease conditions were 9.9% (CI 8.72–11.22), 10.1% (CI 8.90–11.44) and 5.9% (CI 4.98–6.98) among 6–7 years age group and 14.9% (CI 13.67–16.22), 22.5% (CI 21.04–24.03) and 1.8% (CI 1.38–2.34) in the 13–14 years age group in Anuradhapura district. When comparing these prevalence rates, there is relatively a higher prevalence of childhood allergic diseases in Kandy district. This difference is statistically significant in all three allergic disease conditions (P < 0.001).

Conclusion
Prevalence of allergic diseases in Anuradhapura is closer to reported data in the previous studies. There is relatively higher prevalence of childhood allergic diseases among children in Kandy district.
TRIM22 suppresses Zika virus replication by targeting NS1 and NS3 for proteasomal degradation
Authors: Zu Shulong , Li Chunfeng , Li Lili , Deng Yong-Qiang , Chen Xiang , Luo Dan , Ye Qing , Huang Yi-Jiao , Li Xiao-Feng , Zhang Rong-Rong , Sun Nina , Zhang Xianqi , Aliyari Saba R. , Nielsen-Saines Karin , Jung Jae U. , Yang Heng , Qin Cheng-Feng , Cheng Genhong 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Recognition of viral invasion by innate antiviral immune system triggers activation of the type I interferon (IFN-I) and proinflammatory signaling pathways. Subsequently, IFN-I induction regulates expression of a group of genes known as IFN-I-stimulated genes (ISGs) to block viral infection. The tripartite motif containing 22 (TRIM22) is an ISG with strong antiviral functions.

Results
Here we have shown that the TRIM22 has been strongly upregulated both transcriptionally and translationally upon Zika virus (ZIKV) infection. ZIKV infection is associated with a wide range of clinical manifestations in human from mild to severe symptoms including abnormal fetal brain development. We found that the antiviral function of TRIM22 plays a crucial role in counterattacking ZIKV infection. Overexpression of TRIM22 protein inhibited ZIKV growth whereas deletion of TRIM22 in host cells increased ZIKV infectivity. Mechanistically, TRIM22, as a functional E3 ubiquitin ligase, promoted the ubiquitination and degradation of ZIKV nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) and nonstructural protein 3 (NS3). Further studies showed that the SPRY domain and Ring domain of TRIM22 played important roles in protein interaction and degradation, respectively. In addition, we found that TRIM22 also inhibited other flaviviruses infection including dengue virus (DENV) and yellow fever virus (YFV).

Conclusion
Thus, TRIM22 is an ISG with important role in host defense against flaviviruses through binding and degradation of the NS1 and NS3 proteins.
The construction of a new Clinical Quality of Life Scale (CLINQOL)
Authors: Jones Patrick , Drummond Peter 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWhilst the variables in quality of life and well-being can be separated into objective and subjective domains, there remains a dearth of multiple utility instruments that assess their impact upon quality of life. To address this, ten domains were identified in a preliminary exploratory literature search, and an exploratory review generated enough facets to represent each domain, with items developed to form a composite scale. A principal components analysis run on data collected from 210 participants produced seven factors: relationships, work, money, health, leisure, and life management, with the remaining four domains subsuming into a seventh composite subjective factor (mental state). Final items were collated into the new Clinical Quality of Life Scale (CLINQOL) and were tested against the Assessment of Quality of Life Instrument, the Personal Wellbeing Index–Adult, Positive and Negative Affect Scale, the Satisfaction with Life scale, and the Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale. The CLINQOL demonstrated suitable reliability, with items within each category forming internally consistent subscales. The full scale score demonstrated satisfactory test–retest reliability and concurrent validity, correlating with all measures. Findings suggest that the CLINQOL captures critical clinical factors, and may be an acceptable instrument to assess quality of life and well-being.
SeparaFill: Two generators connected mural image restoration based on generative adversarial network with skip connect
Authors: Lv Chaohui , Li Zilu , Shen Yinghua , Li Jinghua , Zheng Jin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Mural is an important component of culture and art of Dunhuang in China. Unfortunately, these murals had been ruined or are being ruined by some diseases such as cracking, hollowing, falling off, mildew, dirt, and so on. Existing image restoration algorithms have problems such as incomplete repair and disharmonious texture during large-area repair, so the effect of mural image disease area repair is poor. Due to lack of a standard mural datasets, Dunhuang mural datasets are created in the paper. Meanwhile, our network architecture SeparaFill is proposed which connects two generators based on U-Net. Based on the characteristics of the painting, the contour line pixel area of the mural image is innovatively separated from the content pixel area. Firstly, the contour restoration generator network with skip connect and hierarchical residual blocks is employed to repair contour lines. Then, the color mural image is repaired by the content completion network with guide of the repaired contour. Full resolution branches and generator branches of the U type are exploited in content completion generators. Convolution layers of different kernel sizes are fused to improve the reusability of the underlying features. Finally, global and local discriminant networks are applied to determine whether the repaired mural image is authentic in terms of both the modified and unmodified areas. The proposed SeparaFill shows good performance in restoring the line structure of the damaged mural images and retaining the contour information of the mural images. Compared with existing restoration algorithms in mural real damage repair experiment, our algorithm increases the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) by an average of 1.1–4.3 dB and the structural similarity (SSIM) values were slightly improved. Experimental results reveal the good performance of the proposed model, which can contribute to digital restorations of ancient murals.