bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The mod-p representation theory of the metaplectic cover of $$\operatorname {GL}_2(\textbf{Q}_p)$$
Authors: Witthaus Robin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Half-integral weight modular forms are naturally viewed as automorphic forms on the so-called metaplectic covering of

$$\operatorname {GL}_2(\textbf{A}_{\textbf{Q}})$$

GL
2

(

A
Q

)

—a central extension by the roots of unity

$$\mu _2$$

μ
2

in

$$\textbf{Q}$$

Q

. For an odd prime number p, we give a complete classification of the smooth irreducible genuine mod-p representations of the corresponding covering of

$$\operatorname {GL}_2(\textbf{Q}_p)$$

GL
2

(

Q
p

)

by showing that the functor of taking pro-p-Iwahori-invariants and its left adjoint define a bijection onto the set of simple right modules of the pro-p Iwahori Hecke algebra. As an application of our investigation of the irreducible subquotients of the universal module over the spherical Hecke algebra depending on some weight, we prove that being of finite length is equivalent to being finitely generated and admissible. Finally, we explain a relation to locally algebraic irreducible unramified genuine principal series representations.
Study of Different Cultivated Plants Rhizosphere Soil Fungi-Mediated Pectinase: Insights into Production, Optimization, Purification, Biocompatibility, and Application
Authors: Mwaheb Mai Ali , El-Aziz Basant Mohamed Abd , Abd-Elhalim Basma T. , El-Kassim Nabil Abo , Radwan Tharwat E. E. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Microorganisms are preferred as an enzyme source due to their short lifespan, high production rate, affordability, and absence of harmful chemicals in enzymes generated from plant and animal sources. Fungi communities are biological factories for many bioactive compounds such as the important industrial enzyme pectinase. The current study dealt with production, optimization, purification, biocompatibility, and application of fungal pectinase obtained from five plant rhizospheres (banana, jarawa, lemon, tomato, and wheat) at Fayoum Governorate, Egypt. The highest pectinase degrading index (PDI) was scored for FB5, FJ2, and FW1 isolates. Pectinase production was also examined quantitively and the highest output of 1603.67, 1311.22, and 1264.83 U/ml was gained by FB5, FJ1, and FW1 fungal isolates, respectively. The most active pectinase-producing fungi were identified as Aspergillus niveus strain AUMC1624, A. niger strain AUMC16245, and A. brasiliensis strain AUMC16244, respectively. For pectinase production optimization, one factor at a time (OFAT) protocol was applied and revealed that A. niger, A. niveus, and A. brasiliensis reached maximum pectinase levels at 1% pectin after 5, 7, and 7 days, at 40, 45, and 45 °C, respectively. Obtained pectinases were partially purified using ammonium sulfate precipitation (ASP) and organic solvent precipitation (OSP) methods. The highest activity using the ASP method scored at 40–60% saturation with A. niger. The thermostability characterization of A. niger pectinase was reached with relative activities of 61.7, 69.0, 99.9, 91.3, and 90.6% at temperatures ranging between 30 and 70 °C. pH optimized at pH 5–7. The enzyme’s molecular weight was approximately 35 kDa. The GC-mass analysis of pectinase end products included acetic acid ethyl ester, hexadecane carbonsaure methylase, and hexadecenoic acid. The biocompatibility was examined using a human skin cell line (HFb-4) for the first time, with a minimal half concentration (IC50) of 151.86 ± 0.76 U/ml. The biocompatible pectinase was applied as a clothes bioscouring agent with different concentrations of 1893.52 U/ml achieving the highest bioscouring with 20.0%.
Eversion cruroplasty and collar overwrap: a novel hybrid approach for refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease in children, with assessment of mid-term outcomes
Authors: Seleim Hamed M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Surgical fundoplication remains integral in managing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) by addressing gastroesophageal valve incompetence. This study introduces a novel hybrid approach, the Eversion Cruroplasty and Collar Overwrap (ECCO) procedure, aiming to combine benefits of conventional partial wrapping and posteromedial cardiopexy, considering gastric fundus anatomical peculiarities as an anti-reflux barrier.

Methods
A retrospective analysis of pediatric patients presenting with refractory GERD from 2021 to 2023 was conducted. Inclusion criteria focused on primary GERD cases; secondary and redo cases were excluded. Diagnostic modalities included upper gastrointestinal contrast series and endoscopy. Demographic, operative, and postoperative data were assessed.

Results
Among 57 cases, 8 with recurrent hiatal hernia were excluded. Enrolled cases (n = 49) had a mean age of 3.78 years and mean weight of 11.9 kg. All underwent laparoscopic ECCO procedure, with a mean operative time of 87 min.
During follow-up, six children experienced transient gas-bloat, and four had temporary dysphagia to solids. Two cases required revisions for absolute failures, while three managed partial recurrences with proton pump inhibitors. Of the total 49 cases, only nine required postoperative endoscopic assessment, which revealed a fully competent cardia with adequate wrapping in four of them. The remaining 40 cases demonstrated clinical improvement with the cessation of PPIs over a mean follow-up period of 11.6 months.

Conclusions
‘Eversion Cruroplasty’ preserves crural pillar muscle excursion, avoiding segmentation seen with traditional suturing. The ‘Collar Overwrap’ achieves a 90% success rate, aligning the GE-junction while maintaining fundic pouch geometry, emphasizing its effectiveness and anatomical fidelity.
Free boundary CMC annuli in spherical and hyperbolic balls
Authors: Cerezo Alberto , Fernández Isabel , Mira Pablo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We construct, for any

$$H\in \mathbb {R}$$

H
∈
R

, infinitely many free boundary annuli in geodesic balls of

$$\mathbb {S}^3$$

S

3

with constant mean curvature H and a discrete, non-rotational, symmetry group. Some of these free boundary CMC annuli are actually embedded if

$$H\ge 1/\sqrt{3}$$

H
≥
1
/

3

. We also construct embedded, non-rotational, free boundary CMC annuli in geodesic balls of

$$\mathbb {H}^3$$

H

3

, for all values

$$H>1$$

H
>
1

of the mean curvature H.
Improving decision transparency in autonomous maritime collision avoidance
Authors: Madsen Andreas Nygard , Brandsæter Andreas , van de Merwe Koen , Park Jooyoung 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have laid the foundation for developing a sophisticated collision avoidance system for use in maritime autonomous surface ships, potentially enhancing maritime safety and decreasing the navigator’s workload. Understanding the reasoning behind an AI system is inherently difficult. To help the human operator understand what the AI system is doing and its reasoning, we employed a human-centered design approach to develop transparency layers that visualize different aspects of an operation by displaying labels, diagrams, and simulations intended to improve the user’s situation awareness (SA). The effectiveness and usability of the different layers were investigated through simulator-based experiments involving nautical students and licensed navigators. The SA global assessment technique was utilized to measure navigators’ SA. User satisfaction was also measured, and effective layers were identified. The results indicate that the transparency layers that enhance SA Level 3 are preferred by participants, suggesting a potential for improving human–AI compatibility. However, the introduction of transparency layers does not uniformly enhance SA across all levels, and a tendency toward passive decision-making was observed. The findings highlight the importance of balancing information presentation with the user’s cognitive capabilities and suggest that further research is needed to refine transparency layers for optimized human–AI compatibility in maritime navigation.
Season and Flow Drive Productivity of a Regulated River
Authors: Giling Darren P. , Broadhurst Ben , Dyer Fiona , Grace Michael , Joehnk Klaus , McInerney Paul J. , Pollino Carmel , Rees Gavin , Sengupta Ashmita , Tschierschke Alica , Thompson Ross M. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractFlow regimes of river ecosystems worldwide have undergone substantial changes because of water resource development, altering the way in which organic matter is generated and cycled throughout entire river catchments. Flow–ecology studies have focused on structural variables measured at small spatial scales. This creates a challenging mismatch when applying adaptive flow management for ecosystem functioning at a catchment or regional scale. Here, we sought to inform flow management by evaluating the drivers of ecosystem metabolism in a regulated river and assessing our ability to predict metabolism at unmonitored locations. We estimated rates of ecosystem metabolism from high-frequency monitoring of dissolved oxygen concentration at eight sites on the Lachlan River of Australia’s Murray–Darling Basin. We then applied a spatio-temporal stream network model to predict metabolism at unmonitored locations using only remotely sensed and gauging station predictor variables. Gross primary productivity (GPP) was higher at sites with lower mean annual discharge, and strong seasonal patterns in rates of productivity tended to be disrupted by rising flows. Similarly, ecosystem respiration (ER) was higher at sites with lower mean annual discharge and lower annual flow variation, but increased slightly in response to higher daily flows. Predictions at validation sites were generally accurate, albeit with substantial site-to-site variation. Our results suggest that flow changes may have altered metabolic rates from conditions prior to water abstraction and dam construction. These findings will assist in managing flows for ecosystem function outcomes and support extrapolation from monitored sites to the broad scales required for evaluating catchment-scale outcomes of river management.
Substrate Origin Controls Phosphorus Availability in Globally Distributed Long-Term Chronosequences
Authors: Sáez-Sandino Tadeo , Gallardo Antonio , Durán Jorge , Wardle David A. , Hayes Patrick E. , Hart Stephen C. , García-Velázquez Laura , Pérez Cecilia A. , Siebe Christina , Berhe Asmeret Asefaw , Delgado-Baquerizo Manuel 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPhosphorus (P) is one of the most important elements for soil biology and biogeochemistry worldwide. Yet, despite decades of research, important uncertainties persist about the drivers and changes in soil P forms during long-term soil formation. Here, we analyzed topsoils from nine globally distributed retrogressive soil chronosequences aiming to evaluate the relative contribution of key environmental factors (that is, soil age, substrate origin, climate, soil attributes, and vegetation) in explaining the long-term dynamics of primary, occluded, non-occluded, organic, and total P across different terrestrial ecosystems. We found that, rather than soil age, substrate origin was the main driver controlling the fate of different P fractions across contrasting environmental conditions. Moreover, our findings suggest that temporal patterns governing the long-term dynamics of different P forms as soils develop are not consistent among soil chronosequences, which is a result of contrasting environmental conditions, especially substrate origin. We further showed that topsoil total P was the greatest at intermediate soil development stage across the globe. Lastly, our results showed that P fractions were highly correlated with multiple surrogates of ecosystem services, such as carbon sequestration, plant productivity, and biodiversity. Together, our work provides new insights into the natural history of P availability, and further highlights that substrate origin, rather than soil age, is essential to predict changes in P availability in response to physical perturbation and climate change.
Application of a high-throughput swarm-based deep neural network Algorithm reveals SPAG5 downregulation as a potential therapeutic target in adult AML
Authors: Ajonu Chinyere I , Grundy Robert I , Ball Graham R , Zafeiris Dimitrios 
Published: January 2025

AbstractGene‒gene interactions play pivotal roles in disease pathogenesis and are fundamental in the development of targeted therapeutics, particularly through the elucidation of oncogenic gene drivers in cancer. The systematic analysis of pathways and gene interactions is critical in the drug discovery process for various cancer subtypes. SPAG5, known for its role in spindle formation during cell division, has been identified as an oncogene in several cancers, although its specific impact on AML remains underexplored. This study leverages a high-throughput swarm-based deep neural network (SDNN) and transcriptomic data—an approach that enhances predictive accuracy and robustness through collective intelligence—to augment, model, and enhance the understanding of the TP53 pathway in AML cohorts. Our integrative systems biology approach identified SPAG5 as a uniquely downregulated driver in adult AML, underscoring its potential as a novel therapeutic target. The interaction of SPAG5 with key hub genes such as MDM2 and CDK1 not only reinforces its role in tumour suppression through negative regulation but also highlights its potential in moderating the phenotypic and genomic alterations associated with AML progression. This study of the role and interaction dynamics of SPAG5 sets the stage for future research aimed at developing targeted and personalized treatment approaches for AML, utilizing the capabilities of genetic interventions.
Beyond one-shot explanations: a systematic literature review of dialogue-based xAI approaches
Authors: Mindlin Dimitry , Beer Fabian , Sieger Leonie Nora , Heindorf Stefan , Esposito Elena , Ngonga Ngomo Axel-Cyrille , Cimiano Philipp 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In the last decade, there has been increasing interest in allowing users to understand how the predictions of machine-learned models come about, thus increasing transparency and empowering users to understand and potentially contest those decisions. Dialogue-based approaches, in contrast to traditional one-shot eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (xAI) methods, facilitate interactive, in-depth exploration through multi-turn dialogues, simulating human-like interactions, allowing for a dynamic exchange where users can ask questions and receive tailored, relevant explanations in real-time. This paper reviews the current state of dialogue-based xAI, presenting a systematic review of 1339 publications, narrowed down to 15 based on inclusion criteria. We explore theoretical foundations of the systems, propose key dimensions along which different solutions to dialogue-based xAI differ, and identify key use cases, target audiences, system components, and the types of supported queries and responses. Furthermore, we investigate the current paradigms by which systems are evaluated and highlight their key limitations. Key findings include identifying the main use cases, objectives, and audiences targeted by dialogue-based xAI methods, in addition to an overview of the main types of questions and information needs. Beyond discussing avenues for future work, we present a meta-architecture for these systems from existing literature and outlined prevalent theoretical frameworks.
Development and Evaluation of the Religious and Spiritual Struggles Scale-5 (RSS-5)
Authors: Salcone Sarah G. , Currier Joseph M. , McDermott Ryon C. , Davis Don E. , Raines Amanda M. , Lee Yejin , Exline Julie J. , Pargament Kenneth I. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract The purpose of this study was to develop a five-item form of the Religious and Spiritual Struggles Scale (RSS; Exline et al., Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 6, 208-222, 2014), (2022). Drawing upon three samples – 711 depressed adults from prior studies that utilized the RSS (Study 1), 303 undergraduates from a public university in the Southeastern U.S. (Study 2), and 121 adults seeking psychotherapy and/or primary care in an integrated behavioral health clinic (Study 3) – findings indicated the five-item version represents a structurally sound and reliable instrument for assessing clinically relevant struggles (divine, interpersonal, moral, doubt, ultimate meaning struggles) in mental health care settings. Specifically, Cronbach’s alphas for the RSS-5 ranged from .77 to .85 across the three studies. Further, scores on this short form overlapped highly with the original RSS in Study 1 and were moderately to strongly associated with validated assessments of positive (well-being, flourishing, and perceived meaning in life) and negative (suicide ideation, depression and anxiety symptoms) mental health in Study 2 and 3. When accounting for depression and anxiety symptoms, RSS-5 scores were also uniquely associated with patients’ suicidal ideation over the past month in Study 3. Although we found evidence of multidimensionality of the selected items that aligned with psychometric findings for the original RSS (Exline et al., Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 6, 208-222, 2014), findings also supported a unidimensional factor structure for the RSS-5 in each sample. Looking ahead, the RSS-5 will hopefully support clinical research and practice in ways that enhance training clinicians’ responsiveness to patients who are experiencing spiritual struggles.
Social networks, norm-enforcing ties and cooperation
Authors: Goetz Renan , Marco Jorge 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWe study cooperation and group pressure on social networks by introducing a new concept termed norm-enforcing ties. By combining network characteristics and agents’ actions, direct and indirect norm-enforcing ties extend and refine the concept of social ties as well as the role of the tightness of a group as drivers of group pressure and cooperation. The results show that a strong commitment by agents with collective interests, or a high degree of confrontation between agents minimizes the effect of indirect norm-enforcing ties on cooperation. The analysis in terms of the agent’s utility reveals that an increase in indirect norm-enforcing ties does not necessarily lead to a decrease in the critical mass of compliers supporting cooperation. We demonstrate that network-oriented policies are more efficient in promoting cooperation than are standard economic policy instruments when the expected value of direct norm-enforcing ties is sufficiently large compared to the tightness of the group. Otherwise, standard economic policy instruments are more efficient.
Electronic Health Record Time Allocation Among Primary Care Clinicians at the Veterans Health Administration Using Virtual Observations
Authors: Deeds Stefanie A. , Hagan Scott L. , Kath Sara E. , Taylor Leslie L. , Reddy Ashok S. , Nelson Karin M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background
Prior research has shown that primary care clinicians (PCPs) spend a large portion of clinic visits on tasks within the electronic health record (EHR). However, no time allocation studies have been done in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) and little is known about EHR time spent during virtual visits.

Objective
To estimate the proportion of clinician time spent working within the EHR during primary care visits at VHA clinics.

Design
We used a time study software (WorkStudy+) adapted from prior research to collect time-motion data via remote observation of in-person and virtual visits.

Participants
23 PCPs (including physicians and nurse practitioners) from 3 regional VA sites.

Main Measures
Proportion of observed time spent interfacing with the EHR during a primary care visit.

Key Results
Of 211 primary care visits observed, the average visit length was 23.9 min in-person, 21.2 min by phone, and 29.3 min on video. The percentage of time spent on EHR work during the visit was 35% for in-person visits, 46% for phone visits, and 39% for video visits. During n=39 4-h clinic sessions, PCPs spent 54 min completing administrative tasks between patient visits, with 44% of time spent on documentation, 14% on chart review, and 14% on placing orders.

Conclusions
PCPs at the VHA spend between one-third and one-half of each patient visit interfacing with the EHR. Most of this time is spent on documentation and chart review. Less time was spent in the EHR during in-person visits compared to virtual visits, suggesting that clinicians limit EHR task completion when the patient is present. Between patient visits during clinic sessions, PCPs spend 75% of their time working in the EHR. In total, this represents over 2 h per half-day clinic session spent on EHR tasks.
In vitro mutation induction of raspberry species (Rubus) using gamma ray irradiation
Authors: Dai Wenhao , Zhang Qi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Raspberry species produce highly nutritious fruits that are used for fresh consumption and frozen and processed products, such as jellies, juices, jams, and desserts. Efforts have been made to improve raspberry yield and fruit quality using conventional breeding. However, the narrow genetic diversity in raspberry species limits the progress of raspberry breeding. In this study, in vitro leaf and petiole tissues of three raspberry cultivars, ‘Amethyst,’ ‘Joan J,’ and ‘Polana,’ were irradiated with gamma rays at 0, 25, 50, or 100 Gy for mutation induction. In vitro shoots were then regenerated from the gamma ray–irradiated tissues in woody plant medium (WPM) supplemented with 20.0 g·L−1 sucrose, 6.5 g·L−1 agar, 200.0 mg·L−1 polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and 1.0 µM thidiazuron (TDZ). Regenerated shoots were rooted in one-half MS medium containing 0.5 µM naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Rooted plants were first grown in the greenhouse and the survived raspberry plants were planted in the field. Results showed that gamma ray irradiation significantly decreased the shoot regeneration of the three raspberry cultivars; however, three raspberry cultivars responded differently to gamma ray irradiation in shoot regeneration. Of which ‘Joan J’ and ‘Amethyst’ were more tolerant to gamma ray irradiation than ‘Polana.’ More shoots were regenerated from leaf tissues than from petiole tissues. Morphological variations in leaf, cane, plant structure, and fruit were observed in the field. This research demonstrates that in vitro mutation induction using gamma ray irradiation could be a useful tool to develop genetic materials that have potential for breeding and germplasm improvement of raspberry and other Rubus species.
Identifying productivity-limiting factors in progressive die stamping: data-driven methodology for process optimization
Authors: Molitor Dirk Alexander , Kokozinski Andre , Kubik Christian , Arne Viktor , Veitenheimer Ciaran , Georgi Felix , Krämer Robin , Groche Peter 
Published: January 2025

AbstractManufacturing products in multi-stage forming processes through blanking, deep-drawing and bending operations with progressive dies is one of the most economically relevant processes in the sheet metal forming industry and allows for complex geometries. In order to be able to ensure a reliable operation of the tools, manufacturers choose stroke speed conservatively, which limits the productivity and profitability. For this reason, this paper describes which productivity-limiting factors affect multi-stage forming processes and how machine learning in combination with explainable artificial intelligence methods can be used to identify and counteract productivity-limiting factors. By equipping the processes with multiple sensors, stroke rate-dependent anomalies can be detected at an early stage and countermeasures can be derived proactively, thus making the process more reliable and ensuring product quality. The methodology developed is demonstrated using two use cases which show that vibrations and friction in a progressive die are significantly reduced.