bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of falls in 25 Australian residential aged care facilities: a retrospective longitudinal cohort study using routinely collected data
Authors: Wabe Nasir , Seaman Karla L , Nguyen Amy D , Siette Joyce , Raban Magdalena Z , Hibbert Peter , Close Jacqueline C T , Lord Stephen R , Westbrook Johanna I 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
Falls are frequent among older adults and have significant health and economic consequences. There have been few studies on the epidemiology of falls in residential aged care facilities (RACFs).

Objective
To determine the incidence of falls in RACFs using longitudinal routinely collected incident data over 5 years (July 2014–December 2019).

Methods
A retrospective cohort study is conducted using fall incident data from 25 RACFs in Sydney, NSW, Australia. Incidents relating to a population of 6163 aged care residents aged ≥65 years were included. Outcome measures were incidents of all falls, injurious falls and falls requiring hospitalization. The risk-adjusted incidence rate (IR) for each outcome indicator for each of the 25 facilities was calculated.

Results
A total of 27 878 falls were reported over 3 906 772 resident days (a crude rate of 7.14 incidents per 1000 resident days; 95% confidence interval (CI) 6.81–7.48). Of these, 10 365 (37.2%) were injurious and 2733 (9.8%) required hospitalization. The crude IRs were 2.65 incidents per 1000 resident days (95% CI 2.53–2.78) for injurious falls and 0.70 incidents per 1000 resident days (95% CI 0.66–0.74) for falls requiring hospitalization. The incidence of falls was significantly higher in respite compared to permanent residents for all falls (adjusted IR ratio (aIRR) 1.33; 95% CI 1.18–1.51) and injurious falls (aIRR 1.30; 95% CI 1.14–1.48) and for men compared to women for all outcomes (all falls aIRR 1.69; 95% CI 1.54–1.86; injurious falls aIRR 1.87; 95% CI 1.71–2.04 and falls requiring hospitalization aIRR 1.29; 95% CI 1.12–1.48). The risk-adjusted IRs per 1000 resident days between facilities varied substantially (all falls 0.57–12.93 falls; injurious falls 0.25–4.47 and falls requiring hospitalization 0.10–1.70).

Conclusion
Falls are frequent in RACFs, often resulting in injury and hospitalization. The study provides robust and comprehensive information that may help inform future initiatives to minimize the incidence of falls in RACFs.
A Survey Among Cadets at the United States Military Academy on Knowledge and Wearing of Permethrin-Treated Uniforms and the Risk of Tick-Borne Diseases
Authors: Chellaraj Alyssa H , Nun Dylan J , Johnson Jason Y , Sweet Kiley A , Burgess Alex M , Gordon Galina M , Chauff Skyler A , Millican Benjamin M , Wilkinson Canden J , Davidson Silas A 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The Army uses permethrin-treated uniforms as the primary method to protect soldiers from tick-borne diseases. Permethrin binds strongly to fabric and provides long-term protection against many blood-feeding arthropods. However, protection decreases if the uniforms are not washed and cared for according to label instructions. This study was conducted among cadets at the United States Military Academy (USMA) at West Point, NY, to determine what the cadets know about permethrin and how they care for and wear their uniforms. West Point is in an area with high rates of tick-borne disease transmission. A survey was developed to determine what cadets know about the threat of tick-borne diseases and if they wear and maintain their uniforms in a manner that effectively maintains permethrin levels.

Materials and Methods
A 16-question survey was developed and submitted to the local review board for approval. The study was classified as human subjects research according to 32CFR219 and met the requirements for exempt status under 32CFR219.104(d)(2)(i). After receiving approval, a hard copy survey was distributed among cadets with efforts to sample at least 50 members from each cadet class.

Results
A total of 319 cadets provided responses to the survey questions, representing more than 7% of the cadet population at the USMA. The results showed most cadets knew their uniforms were treated with permethrin, but less than half knew there are specific instructions attached to their uniforms describing how the uniforms should be laundered. From the cadets who knew there were instructions, most admittedly did not follow the instructions. Sixteen percent of cadets said they had dry-cleaned their uniforms. This is a process known to remove most of the permethrin. The majority of cadets viewed the risk of tick-borne disease at West Point to be moderate or lower.

Conclusions
This study provides a basic understanding of the wear patterns of permethrin-treated uniforms among cadets at the USMA. It is also one of the few studies to measure knowledge and uniform-wearing behavior among service members since the Army switched to factory-treated uniforms in 2013. The results indicate that compliance with uniform laundry and care instructions is low. This information is useful to develop training plans and educate cadets how they can wear and take care of their permethrin-treated uniforms to better protect themselves from tick-borne diseases.
Giant Starship Elements Mobilize Accessory Genes in Fungal Genomes
Authors: Gluck-Thaler Emile , Ralston Timothy , Konkel Zachary , Ocampos Cristhian Grabowski , Ganeshan Veena Devi , Dorrance Anne E. , Niblack Terry L. , Wood Corlett W. , Slot Jason C. , Lopez-Nicora Horacio D. , Vogan Aaron A. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Accessory genes are variably present among members of a species and are a reservoir of adaptive functions. In bacteria, differences in gene distributions among individuals largely result from mobile elements that acquire and disperse accessory genes as cargo. In contrast, the impact of cargo-carrying elements on eukaryotic evolution remains largely unknown. Here, we show that variation in genome content within multiple fungal species is facilitated by Starships, a newly discovered group of massive mobile elements that are 110 kb long on average, share conserved components, and carry diverse arrays of accessory genes. We identified hundreds of Starship-like regions across every major class of filamentous Ascomycetes, including 28 distinct Starships that range from 27 to 393 kb and last shared a common ancestor ca. 400 Ma. Using new long-read assemblies of the plant pathogen Macrophomina phaseolina, we characterize four additional Starships whose activities contribute to standing variation in genome structure and content. One of these elements, Voyager, inserts into 5S rDNA and contains a candidate virulence factor whose increasing copy number has contrasting associations with pathogenic and saprophytic growth, suggesting Voyager’s activity underlies an ecological trade-off. We propose that Starships are eukaryotic analogs of bacterial integrative and conjugative elements based on parallels between their conserved components and may therefore represent the first dedicated agents of active gene transfer in eukaryotes. Our results suggest that Starships have shaped the content and structure of fungal genomes for millions of years and reveal a new concerted route for evolution throughout an entire eukaryotic phylum.
Deputies
Authors: Walker Michael L. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Chapter 4 is exploration of Golden County custodial deputies, the work they did, and the attitudes they apparently possessed. Here the author uses the dichotomy of “cool deps” and “asshole deps” to discuss the nature of deputy–resident relations. The two labels are used as typifications to explore how residents made sense of the maltreatment they received from deputies as well as those moments of care that deputies showed. The focus is on these typifications of behaviors and not of character or identity. This discussion begins with a look into why a person might find themselves in the custodial role. The goal is not to humanize deputies, but to present deputies as what they were—humans.
“Jailing”
Authors: Walker Michael L. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This chapter is an examination of jail culture in action, including the paradoxical nature of routines and the unpredictability of daily life. The chapter is organized by the concept of “jailing”: the set of endurance strategies residents used to manage the psychic, biological, and emotional realities endemic to jail living. After introducing the concept, this chapter dives into the minutiae of jail living to explicate what punishment looked like and how jail time assaulted the body on multiple fronts. The central argument is that the difficulties endemic to jail time could not be overcome—only endured.
Complexities of Care
Authors: Walker Michael L. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This chapter explores the complexities of care among penal residents and, in so doing, accomplishes a goal found in Chapter 4: juxtaposing meanness to acts of selflessness to present a more complete human picture of penal residents. The misogynist advocate of rape culture could be the same resident who shared his last food items with an indigent other. More than that, jail was not some emotional desert where residents relied upon stoicism to get through their time. Rather, residents often openly displayed a range of emotions—no more or less appropriate than would be found in another social setting. And when someone was hurting or was in need, it was common for residents to gather in support. In short, care was common across the landscape of jail life.
Translation of judgments of the European Court of Human Rights into non-official languages
Authors: Kjær Anne Lise 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe chapter examines the role that translation of judgments of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) has played in the dialogue between the Member States of the Council of Europe and the Court over time. The judgments of the ECtHR are produced in the two official languages, English and French, only, and translation into other languages was not an issue until the beginning of the Interlaken reform process in the early 2000s. It was introduced into the reform discourse under the heading of Member States’ knowledge and understanding of the Court’s case law. The chapter traces the development of translation arguments in the reform discourse and argues that considerations regarding translation into the national languages of the Member States indicate the institutional balance that exists at any given time in the interface between the national and European levels of the European human rights system.
King of the World
Authors: Waters Matt 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Cyrus the Great was a transformational figure: an exceptional leader, general, and visionary. He was also the founder of the Achaemenid Persian Empire, which dominated the world stage from the Mediterranean to the Indus during the sixth through fourth centuries bce. When Cyrus took the royal title “King of the World” in 539 bce, it was closer to a literal reality than for any ruler before him in history. Cyrus the Great thus was an object of fascination even in antiquity, well-regarded among several peoples in almost every accounting of his life. This book treats the stories of Cyrus’ birth, conquests, and reign through multiple perspectives, grounded in analysis of ancient sources from the Persians, Elamites, Babylonians, Judeans, and Greeks. Cyrus the Great remains a worthy object of attention for the imprint he left on world history, anywhere the ancient Achaemenid Empire touched in antiquity, and its legacy thereafter.
An Irresistible Force
Authors: Waters Matt 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The birth and upbring of Cyrus the Great remains shrouded in legend, mainly preserved in later Greek sources. From Cyrus himself we have preserved only his lineage in the Cyrus Cylinder, but several other ancient Persian and Mesopotamian sources allow us to check and to correct aspects of the Greek accounts. Cyrus’ marriage to the Achaemenid noblewoman Cassandane was likely a linchpin of his early dynastic alliances with other Iranian families, in this case linking the Teispid and Achaemenid lines. Their children included Cambyses, Bardiya, Atossa, and Artystone, the last two powerful queens in their own right, well-attested in the Persepolis bureaucracy, well into the reign of Darius I.
Wordsworth’s Ghostly Language
Authors: Townsend Chris 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Wordsworth’s ‘crisis of reason’ of the mid-1790s is understood as a formative experience for the young poet, removing him from Godwin’s world of abstract reasoned morality, and ushering in the period of creativity that would give rise to the early versions of The Prelude and the Lyrical Ballads. This chapter reads that crisis historically, to show that Wordsworth’s turn away from Godwin coincided with his first exposure to Berkeley, by way of his meeting with the then ‘Berkleian’ Coleridge. The chapter pursues the idea of a ‘ghostly language’ at work in Wordsworth’s poetry of the 1790s that is derived from Berkeley’s conception of nature as a divine natural language—one that is not a simple metaphor for the world as a book, but one that renders nature as an actually legible and wholly spiritual entity.
Cornelia Sorabji
Authors: Sarker Sonita 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This chapter presents the ways in which, because of her unique grounding in more than one kind of lineage, land, learning, and labor, Sorabji claims to be a citizen of the British Empire. She is consistently characterized as an “other,” both in England and in an emerging India; her Parsee lineage and cultural as well as intellectual affiliation with the values of imperial England are the basis for her distance from, but also advocacy of, the purdahnashin (Indian women in purdah). This chapter illustrates her problematic relationship with the concept and category of “native,” even as she claims belonging.
Victoria Ocampo
Authors: Sarker Sonita 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Ocampo has primarily been read as a modernist cosmopolitan (literally, a citizen of the world), and as quintessentially Argentinian at the same time; she claimed citizenship in “America” as a continent. This chapter explores how her lineage, relationship to land, learning, and labor form the foundation of her “native-ness.” With the advantage of an education in English and French provided to her at home, and with the cultural capital of being from a prominent family, Ocampo undertook a literary career that spanned continents and brought about an international meeting of the minds across the USA, France, Spain, Argentina, and India. Belonging, for Ocampo, was about thinking beyond national borders to a human solidarity against oppression and discrimination.
From Autonomy to Accommodation
Authors: Barbora Sanjay 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The process of updating National Register of Citizens (NRC) between 2012 and 2018 and subsequent announcement of the Citizenship Amendment Bill (CAB) in 2019 ushered in a new set of conflicts around the issue of citizenship, identity, and resource sharing in Assam. In doing so, it relegated previous causes for conflict in the region to the background. Civil society’s protests against CAB and the acquiesce to the NRC in parts of Assam underline the persistence of history in the analysis of conflicts. This introductory chapter traces the trajectory of conflicts around autonomy and social justice and lays out the way historical details make their presence felt in contemporary political debates in Assam.
When Infrastructure Studies Meets Digital India (DI)
Authors: Ninan Thomas Pradip 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This chapter provides an introduction to infrastructure theory, to key concepts and contributions includes a review of literature and offers insights into the ways in which infrastructure theory can be applied to an understanding of information infrastructures in India. It includes the example of the Digital India project and critically explores the provisionings of information infrastructures in India. This chapter makes a case for understanding information infrastructures from the perspective of critical political economy and highlights the “tangled” provisionings of information infrastructures in India. Access to infrastructure in India be it to water, electricity, or information is by no means assured for all—and it is therefore important that we understand the gaps between infrastructure ambitions and infrastructure realities.
The Platformized Information State
Authors: Ninan Thomas Pradip 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This chapters explores infrastructure in the era of platforms, the platformization of infrastructure and the infrastructuralization of platforms. Based on a conversation with the theory of platforms, it highlights the State’s challenges with platforms and its attempts to regulate the platform economy. The chapter uses the example of the “equalization levy”, an attempt by the Indian State to regulate external platforms such as Google and Facebook in India and to bring such regulation in line with the regulation of information infrastructures. Arguably the regulation of this sector has been long overdue and can be compared with attempts to regulate platforms in the EU, USA, Australia, and other countries. The regulation of information platforms is a complex, on-going project, and this chapter provides numerous entry points to understanding some of its complexities.
New Wave Films
Authors: Ingle Hrishikesh Sudhakar 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In the Marathi film industry, the 1970s new wave emerged from the discursive ferments of the experimental and amateur theatre. Interrogating this theatre network, this chapter deliberates on four aspects of new wave filmmaking. First, along with an overview of the modernist experimental theatre, the alternative space defining the ferment in the theatre movement is discussed. Second, the concept of middle-class realism is conjectured. This is a derivation from the much talked about notion of Hindi middle cinema. Middle-class realism considers the unmistakable linkages of the Marathi middle-class imaginary, through the theatre, in the body of realist films. Third, by an extensive textual and narrative analysis of Samna and Sinhasan, an elaboration of aesthetic in-betweenness of the realist films is presented. Fourth, the notion of a social disjuncture is posited by analysing the film Jait-re-Jait. The chapter draws out the ambivalent expression of realism for Marathi cinema.
From “Religion” to “Spirituality”
Authors: Watts Galen 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis chapter opens with three character portraits, each of which exhibits a different, though common, way of talking about “spirituality.” Next, the dominant sociological frameworks both within, and beyond, the sociology of religion are interrogated, in order to illuminate their limitations as regards the study of spirituality. It is argued that while the secularization paradigm remains tremendously insightful, secularization theorists’ preoccupation with charting the decline of church religion has stifled our ability to grasp the substantive character of what goes by “spirituality” today. Similarly, cultural approaches within the sociology of religion have tended to obscure the underlying unity of the spiritual turn. It is for this reason that the study of spirituality has taken place across a host of subfields and disciplines, each of which has contributed much to our understanding of the shift from “religion” to “spirituality,” but whose theoretical and empirical insights have yet to be comprehensively compared or synthesized. The chapter concludes by laying out the foundations of the distinctly cultural sociological approach to the study of religion which is used to synthesize the existing scholarship on “spirituality,” and chart the cultural connections underlying the three biographical accounts that opened the chapter.
A Brief History of the Religion of the Heart
Authors: Watts Galen 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis chapter argues that, despite the allegedly nebulous nature of the concept, most talk of “spirituality” signals a coherent cultural structure, which the author refers to as the religion of the heart. After explaining why this term is apt, the chapter draws from a wide array of historical, philosophical, and sociological studies in order to offer a brief history of the religion of the heart, by examining some of its key carrier movements and representative voices. It argues that we can see the religion of the heart at work in the Romantic, Transcendentalist, Theosophist, and New Thought movements of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, as well as the New Age, Charismatic Christian, and Human Potential movements of the 1960s. Supplementing historical analysis with empirical data, the chapter provides compelling evidence that identifying as “spiritual” does not signal an escape from religious tradition, so much as place one squarely within a longstanding tradition that, paradoxically, denies its status as a tradition.
Mapping the Romantic Liberal Institutional Order
Authors: Watts Galen 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis chapter maps the seven institutional fields that collectively constitute the religious sphere of romantic liberal modernity—what the author calls the romantic liberal institutional order. These are: (1) the holistic milieu, (2) the Charismatic wing of the congregational domain, (3) popular culture and entertainment media institutions, (4) arts institutions, (5) healthcare institutions, (6) educational institutions, and (7) certain dimensions of the economic sphere. These various institutional fields offer social support and plausibility to the religion of the heart. The chapter then draws from interview and fieldwork data in order to make the case that attraction to “spirituality” in romantic liberal modernity follows one of a number of distinct social pathways.
Romantic Liberal Modernity and Its Critics
Authors: Watts Galen 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAlthough it has rarely been acknowledged explicitly, the spiritual turn is, for many, a paradigmatic test case for the ills of romantic liberal modernity—critics view in “spirituality” all of the sins of the late modern social order. These include: the erosion of the authority of reason and science, the corrosion of community and the weakening moral commitment, the devaluation of civic membership and political solidarity, the legitimation of neoliberal capitalism, and the mystification of insidious forms of social control. The chapter draws from the Durkheimian tradition in order to defend romantic liberal modernity against these five criticisms, while at the same time flagging the concerns that romantic liberals cannot afford to ignore. These are as follows: (1) To what extent does the religion of the heart (“spirituality”) mitigate or exacerbate the pathologies of romantic liberal modernity—anomie and egoism? And (2) Does the religion of the heart lead to a colonization of competing social spheres, thereby impeding shifting involvements and the adoption of rival social perspectives and moral traditions? These two concerns orient the enquiries pursued in the subsequent case studies.
Introduction
Authors: Plested Marcus 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The introduction offers a general outline of the theme of wisdom focussing on its contemporary relevance, global character, and place within higher education. The introduction provides a delineation and description of the principal levels of Christian wisdom discourse (S1–S3). A distinction is made between ‘sapiential theology’ and ‘sophiology’. Modern Russian Sophiology is also introduced. The nature of the question of patristic fidelity within modern Orthodox theology is discussed. The plan and the scope of the book are given and the contents of Chapters 1–7 are summarized. The chapter also introduces the concept of ‘unmodern theology’ and emphasizes the ongoing importance of Sophiology.