bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reversible critical current performance of FeSe0.5Te0.5 coated conductor tapes under uniaxial tensile strain
Authors: Liu Xiao , Wei Shaoqing , Shi Yi , Liu Fang , Zhou Chao , Li Qianbo , Li Yijie , Liu Linfei , Shi Zhixiang , Ren Li , Xu Ying , Duan Pu , Yang Zhixing , Ge Junyi , Qi Yanpeng , Song Yuntao , Liu HuaJun , Zhang Zhan , Qin Jinggang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
FeSe0.5Te0.5 coated conductor as a kind of 11-type iron-based superconductor is currently attracting much attention. Recently, the bare FeSe0.5Te0.5 coated conductor tapes were developed by Shanghai Jiao Tong University and verified their superconductivity. For the future application, the FeSe0.5Te0.5 tapes should be subjected to the high electromagnetic forces and stress–strain. In this study, the authors encapsulated the bare FeSe0.5Te0.5 coated conductor tapes with copper layers to enhance the mechanical performance. The reversible critical current performance of the bare and the copper encapsulated FeSe0.5Te0.5 tapes under uniaxial tensile strain was tested. The critical currents of two kinds of tapes were measured over a wide range of applied uniaxial tensile strain by the U-shaped bending spring, respectively. The results show the critical performance of the bare FeSe0.5Te0.5 tapes decreases linearly with respect to tensile strain. The copper encapsulated FeSe0.5Te0.5 tapes have better performance than the bare tapes, with an irreversible tensile strain limit of 0.15%. In addition, the actual irreversible tensile strain limit of the copper encapsulated FeSe0.5Te0.5 tapes reaches 0.29% after considering the influence of the cooling process.
The Stellar Abundances and Galactic Evolution Survey: Photonic Passbands and Extinction Coefficients for the u and v Bands
Authors: Tan Ke-Feng , Zhao Gang , Fan Zhou , Wang Wei , Yuan Hai-Bo , Zheng Jie , Li Chun , Song Nan , Zhao Jing-Kun 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The Stellar Abundances and Galactic Evolution Survey (SAGES) is a multi-band photometric survey focused on estimation of stellar atmospheric parameters and interstellar extinction. In this paper we have derived photonic passbands for the intermediate-band u and v filters of the SAGES photometric system. The derived photonic passbands have been compared with those of the u and v filters of the Strömgren and SkyMapper systems. Synthetic photometry based on the derived photonic passbands could reproduce the observations very well. We have also derived observed, model-free extinction coefficients for the SAGES u and v bands (as well as the Pan-STARRS grizy bands) using the “standard pair” method. The derived reddening coefficients have been compared with those predicted by the extinction laws. Variations of reddening coefficients with effective temperatures and color excesses of B–V given by Schlegel et al. (E(B−V)SFD) have been investigated. No obvious trends or significant variations with effective temperatures have been found, but reddening coefficients for all the colors exhibit declining trends with increasing E(B−V)SFD, with typical relative variations of twenty-some percent from E(B − V)SFD ∼ 0 to 1.
Do water savings persist? Using survival models to plan for long-term responses to extreme drought
Authors: Bolorinos Jose , Rajagopal Ram , Ajami Newsha K 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Water utilities must maintain reliable service in a world where climate shocks and other socio-economic and health stressors are likely to disrupt water availability and demand more frequently. Understanding short- and long-term customer responses to these salient events is critical for infrastructure planning and capital investment. Although the short-term demand impacts of extreme droughts and related policy measures have been studied extensively, less is known about how these impacts persist—especially when driven by public awareness, media coverage, or other external drivers. Here, we introduce a novel approach combining survival models and change detection to assess water demand conservation ‘survival’ and rebound, using this method to analyze residential water demand in Costa Mesa, California after the state’s record-breaking 2012–2016 drought. We find that, of 54% of customers with detected savings in 2014–2015, just 25% rebounded to prior consumption levels after 5 years, implying mean conservation survival of 8 years. Survival was greater in young and politically progressive neighborhoods, smaller in residences with occupancy changes, and not significantly associated with water-efficiency rebates. Comparing the 2012–2016 drought to California’s milder 2007–2009 drought shows no evidence that drought severity associated with water savings persistence. This study presents an innovative approach to measure impacts of various stressors and their long-term water demand impacts. Our method enables utilities to more accurately discern structural changes in water demand, better informing strategic planning for short- and long-term water reliability and security.
Influences of stratospheric intrusions to high summer surface ozone over a heavily industrialized region in northern China
Authors: Zhang Yujing , Li Jie , Yang Wenyi , Du Huiyun , Tang Xiao , Ye Qian , Wang Zixi , Sun Yele , Pan Xiaole , Zhu Lili , Wang Zifa 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The stratospheric contribution to tropospheric ozone has long been a topic of much debate over the past few decades. In this study, we leveraged multiple datasets from surface, sounding and satellite observations to reanalysis datasets, along with a global chemical transport model (Global Nested Air Quality Prediction Modelling System, GNAQPMS) to investigate the impact of a stratospheric-to-tropospheric transport (STT) event characterized by long duration and wide range in the summer on surface high ozone episodes over heavily industrialized regions in northern China. In 14–18 August 2019, the ERA5 reanalysis datasets showed a potential vorticity (PV) tongue and a deep, upper-level trough penetrate towards 35° N over the North China Plain (NCP), indicating the occurrence of a stratospheric intrusion. From Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) measurements, we found that the ozone-rich, stratospheric air mass had been injected into the lower altitudes. The GNAQPMS generally captured the featured layers, although there was a slight underestimation in the low troposphere. The averaged magnitudes of stratospheric contribution (O3S) and percentage (O3F) simulated by GNAQPMS were 3–20 μg m−3 and 6%–20%, respectively, while the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM) indicated a higher stratospheric contribution by 3–5 μg m−3. Through this study, we give our opinions on the controversial topic of a more thorough understanding of the influence of natural processes apart from anthropogenic emissions, even in a heavily polluted region during summer.
1 MeV Au+ ion modification of Fe3O4-based epitaxial films
Authors: Kim-Ngan N-T H , Mackova A , Malinsky P 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The effect of 1 MeV Au+ ion irradiations on the layer stability of the Fe3O4-based films grown epitaxially on MgO(001) substrates was investigated by Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) and RBS-Channelling (RBS-C). The ion mixing effect leads to an appearance of the additional FeO
x
layer and a large enlargement of the thickness of the mixed (Fe,Mg,O) layer in the interfaces. Au+ ions were found to be implanted deeply in the MgO substrate. RBS-C experiments have confirmed that the heavy metallic ion irradiations induce a disorder in the crystalline lattice.
Virus deformation or destruction: size-dependence of antiviral and virucidal activities of gold nanoparticles
Authors: Chaika M , Zahorodnya S , Naumenko K , Pankivska Yu , Povnitsa O , Mukha Iu , Vityuk N , Dorovskih A , Lokshyn M , Lysenko V , Lozovski V , Rusinchuk N 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Over the last 10 years, the antiviral and antimicrobial activities of non-functionalised inorganic nanoparticles against different pathogens were experimentally shown. This effect has attracted the attention of scientists due to the COVID-19 pandemic; however, its mechanism is still unclear. For understanding the mechanism of nanoparticle’s action, it is important to know how this action depends on the parameters of nanoparticles and the properties of a pathogen. In the work, we have studied the action of gold nanoparticles on the viruses outside and inside the cell and compared this action with two sizes of nanoparticles and two types of viruses. The study has been conducted for adenovirus and H1N1 influenza virus, and gold nanoparticles of 5 nm and 20 nm diameter. Virucidal and antiviral actions were observed experimentally for both sizes of nanoparticles against both viruses. It has also been shown with the electron microscopy that the viruses may be destructed in 2 h after adsorption of 5 nm gold nanoparticles on their surface; and that the viruses may change their shape in 2 h after adsorption of 20 nm nanoparticles on their surface. The model of physical adsorption of nanoparticles on the virus surface due to near-field interaction was used to explain observed results.
Arc-discharge deposition of SWCNTs over SnO2 nanowires for highly sensitive NO2 gas sensor
Authors: Thi Xuan Chu , Hung Chu Manh , Van Duy Nguyen , Ngoc Trinh Minh , Thi Minh Nguyet Quan , Hoa Nguyen Duc 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The air pollution caused by the emission of NO2 from vehicles in large cities is threatening human health. Thus, a highly sensitive gas sensor is required to monitor this gas. Here, we introduced the arc-discharge deposition of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) over SnO2 nanowires for highly sensitive NO2 gas sensors. The high-quality SnO2 nanowires were grown on-chip on interdigital Pt electrodes, whereas the SWCNTs were deposited by in situ arc-discharge method. To form the heterojunction between SnO2 nanowires and SWCNTs film, we controlled the length of the SnO2 nanowires to avoid bridging of the two electrode fingers while covering the entire surface of Pt electrodes. The SWCNTs were deposited through a shadow mask to ensure the contact between the SWCNTs and SnO2 nanowires but not the Pt electrodes. Electrical measurements confirmed the formation of non-linear contact between SnO2 nanowires and SWCNTs because of the n-p heterojunction. An increment in resistance (decrease in resistance) of the sensor was observed when measured in NO2 gas, indicating the good response characteristics of the device based on heterojunction between SnO2 nanowires and SWCNTs. In addition, gas-sensing measurement at different temperatures indicated that the fabricated sensor could detect low concentrations of NO2 gas in the range of 1–10 ppm, with response values of 20–80. The results demonstrated that the arc-discharge deposition of SWCNTs over SnO2 nanowires is effective for the fabrication of highly sensitive NO2 gas sensors.
Detection of kidney stone using digital image processing: a holistic approach
Authors: Khan Angshuman , Das Rupayan , Parameshwara M C 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This study presents an ultrasound speckle suppression method to detect the stones in the human kidney. An initial image is first improved using image enhancement techniques, which are used to change the image’s intensities. Next, median filters smooth the picture and eliminate noise. Pre-processed images are segmented using a thresholding technique. The median filter extracts impulsive noise from salt-and-pepper noise. The suggested approach locates stones using location coordinates. Hospital and clinical ultrasound images were used to evaluate the proposed scheme and algorithm. The suggested scheme has been assessed by different performance measuring parameters. Physicians are likely to benefit from the research in terms of clinical diagnosis and educational training. Based on 50 test cases, the proposed plan was correct 96.82% of the time and sensitive 92.16% of the time. Furthermore, the peak signal to noise ratio is 1.82, and the average signal to noise ratio is 1.58, demonstrating the efficacy of the proposed approach.
Asymptotic properties of the maximum likelihood estimator in regime-switching models with time-varying transition probabilities
Authors: Li Chaojun , Liu Yan 
Published: August 2022

SummaryTime-varying transition probability (TVTP) regime-switching models extend the constant regime transition probability in Markov-switching models to include information from observations. We show consistency and asymptotic normality of the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) in general TVTP regime-switching models where the conditional distribution of $Y_t$ depends on lagged regimes. Consistency of the MLE is also shown under misspecification. The assumptions are verified in regime-switching autoregressive models with widely applied TVTP specifications. A simulation study examines the finite-sample distributions of the MLE and compares the asymptotic variance estimates constructed from the Hessian matrix and the outer product of the score. The simulation results favour the latter. As an empirical example, we compare three leading economic indicators in terms of describing U.S. industrial production.
Impact of echocardiographic analyses of valvular event timing on myocardial work indices
Authors: Olsen Flemming Javier , Bjerregaard Caroline Løkke , Skaarup Kristoffer Grundtvig , Lassen Mats Christian Højbjerg , Johansen Niklas Dyrby , Modin Daniel , Jensen Gorm Boje , Schnohr Peter , Søgaard Peter , Gislason Gunnar , Svendsen Jesper Hastrup , Møgelvang Rasmus , Biering-Sørensen Tor 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimsValvular event timing is an integral part of echocardiographic pressure–strain loop (PSL) analyses. The impact that different event timing modalities may have on myocardial work indices is unknown.Methods and resultsA methodological study was performed on 200 subjects, including 50 healthy subjects, 50 with aortic valve sclerosis, 50 with atrial fibrillation, and 50 with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction. Valvular event timing was estimated by visual assessment, spectral Doppler, and colour tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) M-mode. These valvular event timings were added to the same PSL analyses sequentially to acquire myocardial work indices, including global work index (GWI). For the 200 participants, the median age was 72 years, 50% were men, and mean blood pressure was 143/80 mmHg. Valvular event timings differed between all three modalities and so did all myocardial work indices. Compared with visual assessment, spectral Doppler resulted in a significantly higher GWI (mean difference: 114 ± 93 mmHg%, P &lt; 0.001), and so did TDI (mean difference: 83 ± 90 mmHg%, P &lt; 0.001). A higher GWI by spectral Doppler than by TDI was also observed (mean difference: 30 ± 53 mmHg%, P &lt; 0.001). In the healthy subgroup, a systematic bias was observed for spectral Doppler compared with visual assessment (mean difference: 160 ± 77 mmHg%, P &lt; 0.001), and a similar trend was noted for TDI vs. visual assessment (mean difference: 124 ± 74 mmHg%, P &lt; 0.001).ConclusionMyocardial work indices differ depending on the event timing modality used, with visual assessment yielding lower GWI values compared with Doppler-based methods. Serial PSL analyses should apply the same event timing method.
Aging Is Associated With Multidirectional Changes in Social Cognition: Findings From an Adult Life-Span Sample Ranging From 18 to 101 Years
Authors: Grainger Sarah A , Crawford John D , Riches Julia C , Kochan Nicole A , Chander Russell J , Mather Karen A , Sachdev Perminder S , Henry Julie D 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Normal adult aging is associated with changes in social cognition. Although 4 social cognitive domains have been identified (social perception, theory of mind [ToM], affective empathy, and social behavior), no study has tested all 4 domains concurrently in a life-span sample, limiting understanding of the relative magnitude of age-related changes across domains. This study addresses this gap by providing the first assessment of all 4 social cognitive domains in an adult life-span sample.

Methods
Three hundred and seventy-two participants ranging from 18 to 101 years of age took part in this study. Participants completed a testing battery that assessed social perception, ToM, affective empathy, and social behavior, as well as broader cognitive function and well-being.

Results
The results showed that adult aging is associated with multidirectional changes in social cognitive abilities, with ToM and social perception showing nonlinear decline across much of the life-span, and affective empathy and social behavior showing improvement. Age remained a significant predictor of all 4 social cognitive domains, even after accounting for broader cognitive function. Weak associations emerged between some of the social cognitive abilities and and indices of broader well-being.

Discussion
These findings provide novel and important evidence that normative aging is associated with both gains and losses in social cognition that occur at distinct points of the adult life-span, and that are at least partially independent of general age-related cognitive decline.
Learning source, path and site effects: CNN-based on-site intensity prediction for earthquake early warning
Authors: Zhang Hongcai , Melgar Diego , Sahakian Valerie , Searcy Jake , Lin Jiun-Ting 
Published: August 2022

SUMMARY
To provide timely and accurate seismic alerts for potential users during the earthquake early warning (EEW) process, several algorithms have been proposed and implemented. Some of the most common rely on the characterization of the earthquake magnitude and location, and then use a ground motion model to forecast shaking intensity at a user's location. It has been noted that with this approach the scatter in the forecasted intensities can be significant and may affect the reliability and usefulness of the warnings. To ameliorate this, we propose a single station machine learning (ML) algorithm. We build a four-layer convolutional neural network (CNN), named it CONIP (Convolutional neural network ONsite Intensity Prediction), and test it using two data sets to study the feasibility of seismic intensity forecasting from only the first few seconds of a waveform. With only limited waveforms, mainly P waves, our CONIP model will forecast the on-site seismic intensity. We find that compared with existing methods, the forecasted seismic intensities are much more accurate. To understand the nature of this improvement we carry out a residual decomposition and quantify to what degree the ML model learns site, regional path, and source information during the training. We find that source and site effects are easily learned by the algorithm. Path effects, on the other hand, can be learned but will depend largely on the number, location, and coverage of stations. Overall, the ML model performance is a substantial improvement over traditional approaches. Our results are currently only applicable for small and moderate intensities but, we argue, could in future work be supplemented by simulations to supplement the training data sets at higher intensities. We believe that ML algorithms will play a dominant role in the next generation of EEW systems.
Effect of fear appeal mobile phone messaging on health behaviors of caregivers with children under-five in Ghana
Authors: Mohammed Aliyu , Desu Adwoa Pinamang , Acheampong Princess Ruhama , Mensah Kofi Akohene , Osei Francis Adjei , Yeboah Eugene Osei , Amanor Ernest , Owusu-Dabo Ellis 
Published: August 2022

Summary
Social and Behavior Change Communication is a vital strategy in the control of malaria. However, the effectiveness of fear appeal tactic as a preventive strategy remains uncertain. This study examined the influence of a fear appeal mobile phone-based intervention, guided by Witte’s Extended Parallel Process model, on malaria prevention among caregivers with children under-five. We conducted a quasi-experimental study of a 12-month intervention using a sample of 324 caregivers from two rural districts, assigned to either an intervention or control group. The intervention group received fear appeal voice Short Message Service (SMS), once a week for twelve (12) months, while caregivers in the control group received none. The results showed that exposure to the messages was associated with an increased odds of positive attitude [adjusted Odds ratio (aOR) = 2.58; 95% CI 1.61–4.15] and behavioral changes (aOR = 2.03, 95% CI 1.29–3.19). The intervention group exhibited lower odds of defensive avoidance (aOR = 0.44, 95% CI 0.29–0.68) and message minimization (aOR = 0.51, 95% CI 0.33–0.78) compared with the control group. These findings highlight the importance of communicating health messages via mobile phones using fear appeal for improving the health behaviors of caregivers. This strategy, however, may not be useful for influencing the intention of caregivers to engage in positive health practices to protect their children from malaria.
Cervical cancer screening-related knowledge among community health workers in Eswatini: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Khumalo Phinda G , Carey Mariko , Mackenzie Lisa , Sanson-Fisher Rob 
Published: August 2022

Summary
Eswatini has the highest age-standardized incidence and second highest mortality rate related to cervical cancer globally. In Eswatini, community health workers educate communities about cervical cancer screening. They need to have accurate knowledge about cervical cancer and screening to do this effectively. Therefore, the current study aimed to assess knowledge regarding cervical cancer screening among community health workers in Eswatini. A telephone survey of 172 community health workers from eight selected constituencies was conducted. Descriptive analyses were performed to assess participants’ socio-demographic and service-related characteristics. Linear regression was applied to investigate factors associated with cervical cancer screening-related knowledge. One hundred and seven (62%) participants answered at least 80% of the questions correctly. However, knowledge regarding cervical cancer risk factors, the meaning of screening results and Eswatini cervical cancer screening guidelines was suboptimal. Community health workers aged 46–55 were more likely (β = 1.27, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.39–2.15, p &lt; 0.01) to have a higher cervical cancer screening knowledge score than those aged 30–45 years. Community health workers from Lubombo were marginally less likely (β = −0.83, 95% CI: −1.80 to −0.04, p = 0.05) to have a higher knowledge score than those from Hhohho. This study suggests knowledge deficits amongst community health workers in Eswatini. Knowledge deficits may result in inaccurate information being communicated to clients. While increasing knowledge of these vital health workers may not be sufficient to increase cervical cancer screening rates in Eswatini, it is an essential first step that should be the focus of future educational efforts.