bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Mediterranean diet adherence during pregnancy with maternal and neonatal lipid, glycemic and inflammatory markers: The GESTAFIT project
Authors: Flor‐Alemany Marta , Acosta‐Manzano Pedro , Migueles Jairo H. , Baena‐García Laura , Aranda Pilar , Aparicio Virginia A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTo examine the association of Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence during pregnancy with maternal and neonatal lipid, glycemic, and inflammatory markers. This study included 152 women from the GESTAFIT trial and a subsample of 35 newborns. The Mediterranean Diet Score, derived from food frequency questionnaires, was employed to assess MD adherence. Total cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (HDL‐C), low‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (LDL‐C), triglycerides, and glucose were assessed in the mother (at the 16th and 34th gestational weeks [g.w.]) and in cord arterial and venous serum with standard procedures using an autoanalyzer. Pro‐inflammatory and anti‐inflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]−6, IL‐8, IL‐10, IL‐1beta, interferon gamma, and tumour necrosis factor alpha [TNF‐α]) were measured with Luminex xMAP technology. A greater MD adherence was associated with higher HDL‐C and lower LDL‐C, LDL‐C/HDL‐C ratio, triglycerides, triglycerides/HDL‐C ratio, and TNF‐α in the mother at the 16th and the 34th g.w. (|β|: 0.191–0.388, p < 0.05). A higher intake of whole grain cereals, fruits, vegetables and fish and a lower intake of sweets were associated with higher HDL‐C and lower LDL‐C, LDL‐C/HDL‐C ratio, triglycerides, triglycerides/HDL‐C ratio, and TNF‐α at the 16th and 34th g.w. (|β|: 0.188–0.334, p < 0.05). No associations were found with the cord arterial and venous serum markers (p > 0.05). A greater MD adherence during pregnancy, driven by a higher intake of whole grain cereals, fruits, vegetables and fish, and a lower intake of sweets, was positively associated with the maternal lipid and inflammatory serum markers throughout gestation. MD adherence during pregnancy was not associated with cord serum markers.
Genomics reveals a genetically isolated population of the Pacific white‐sided dolphin (Lagenorhynchus obliquidens) distributed in the Sea of Japan
Authors: Suzuki Miwa , Ohno Kaho , Sawayama Eitaro , Morinaga Shin‐Ichi , Kishida Takushi , Matsumoto Teruyo , Kato Haruhiko 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe processes by which animals become genetically isolated in an open environment such as the ocean have not yet been fully elucidated. Morphologically different populations of Pacific white‐sided dolphin Lagenorhynchus obliquidens are observed sympatrically in the Sea of Japan. However, genetic studies that exclusively used limited mitochondrial loci or microsatellite DNA have failed to demonstrate the existence of genetically distinct populations. Here, to reveal the population structure, we analysed genome‐wide population genetic data using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) gathered in 2018–2021 from all domestic captive individuals in aquaria, the majority of which originated from the wild, as well as from some stranded individuals, together covering a wide area of coastal water around Japan (n = 123). Multiplexed intersimple sequence repeat genotyping‐by‐sequencing analysis was performed to obtain the SNP data. Principal coordinate analysis and the clustering method structure indicated that two genetically‐distinct populations exist, with little interpopulation gene flow revealed. In addition, the genotypic segregation was reflected in differences in external morphotype. Furthermore, a population demographic analysis based on the whole‐genome sequences of an individual from each population indicated that sea‐level changes during the Last Glacial Period probably led to allopatric divergence of this species in a limited area of the Sea of Japan, with that group subsequently sharing a distribution area with the other population. These findings yield insights into the formation of genetically isolated sympatric populations in the ocean.
An innovative food system approach to diversifying protein intake: Protein‐I: Shared Island sustainable healthy nutrition
Authors: Brennan Lorraine , O'Gorman Aoife , Barth Susanne , Cadden Trevor , Dean Moira , Doohan Fiona , Henchion Maeve , McIvor Ronan , McNulty Breige , O'Donoghue Cathal , O'Reilly Seamus , Rafferty Joseph , Roche Helen M. , Thorne Fiona , Wallace Martina , Wright David , Nugent Anne P. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThere is a need to transform our current food system if we are to feed the rapidly expanding global population while maintaining planetary health. Within the island of Ireland, there is an urgent need to diversify the foods that currently contribute to our populations' protein intake. A Shared Island Innovative Food System approach is required to achieve this in a manner that is sustainable and provides benefits to producers, consumers and other supply chain participants. The Protein‐I project employs such an approach, with the paradigm focusing on production of plant food through to human health, while paying particular attention to the development of the rural bioeconomy. Using an interdisciplinary approach, the team will develop strategies to maximise sustainable plant protein production in a traceable/transparent fashion and assess the impact of changes to existing value chains and the development of new value chains for the rural economy. A smart supply chain technology solution tailored to the needs of the agri‐food industry will be developed and tested. Additionally, we will co‐design consumer‐led approaches to diversify plant protein intake, model the impact of changes at the population level and perform human interventions to demonstrate efficacy in terms of achieving adequate nutrition and improved health. Comprehensive engagement with stakeholders is embedded throughout the whole project to embrace the multi‐actor approach. Overall, the project will be a key step towards future‐proofing our food system on the island of Ireland and moving towards protecting planetary and population health, within the context of a just transition.
Fe deficiency‐induced ethylene synthesis confers resistance to Botrytis cinerea
Authors: Lu Cheng Kai , Liang Gang 
Published: November 2022

Summary
Although iron (Fe) deficiency is an adverse condition to growth and development of plants, it increases the resistance to pathogens. How Fe deficiency induces the resistance to pathogens is still unclear.
Here, we reveal that the inoculation of Botrytis cinerea activates the Fe deficiency response of plants, which further induces ethylene synthesis and then resistance to B. cinerea.
FIT and bHLH Ib are a pair of bHLH transcription factors, which control the Fe deficiency response. Both the Fe deficiency‐induced ethylene synthesis and resistance are blocked in fit‐2 and bhlh4x‐1 (a quadruple mutant for four bHLH Ib members). SAM1 and SAM2, two ethylene synthesis‐associated genes, are induced by Fe deficiency in a FIT‐bHLH Ib‐dependent manner. Moreover, SAM1 and SAM2 are required for the increased ethylene and resistance to B. cinerea under Fe‐deficient conditions.
Our findings suggest that the FIT‐bHLH Ib module activates the expression of SAM1 and SAM2, thereby inducing ethylene synthesis and resistance to B. cinerea. This study uncovers that Fe signaling also functions as a part of the plant immune system against pathogens.
Mid‐Term Outcomes of Navigation‐Assisted Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty Using Adjusted Mechanical Alignment
Authors: Zheng Kai , Sun Houyi , Zhang Weicheng , Zhu Feng , Zhou Jun , Li Rongqun , Geng Dechun , Xu Yaozeng 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveThe adjusted mechanical alignment (aMA) technique is an extension of conventional mechanical alignment (MA), which has rarely been reported. The purpose of this study was to evaluate mid‐term outcomes of navigation‐assisted total knee arthroplasty (TKA) using aMA.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study enrolled 63 consecutive patients (77 knees) who underwent navigation‐assisted TKA using aMA between September 2017 and October 2019. Fifty‐two consecutive patients (61 knees) who underwent TKA using MA during the same period were assessed as the controlled group. The demographic data and perioperative data were recorded. The parameters of resection and soft tissue balance including tibia resection angle, frontal femoral angle, axial femoral angle, joint line translation, medial and lateral gap in extension and flexion position were recorded. Radiographic parameters and functional scores including the Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) score, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) score, and Forgotten Joint Score‐12 (FJS‐12) were evaluated. Surgery‐related complications were recorded. The average follow‐up was 3.5 years, with a minimum of 2.4 years.ResultsThe frontal femoral angle was 2.55° ± 1.08° in aMA group versus 0.26° ± 0.60° in MA group (p < 0.001). The axial femoral angle was 3.07° ± 2.23° external in aMA group versus 2.30° ± 1.70° in MA group (p = 0.027). The lateral flexion gap was wider in the aMA group, with a mean of 0.71 mm more laxity (p = 0.001). Postoperative coronal alignment was 177.03° ± 1.82° in aMA group versus 178.14° ± 1.69° in MA group (p < 0.001). The coronal femoral component angle was 92.62° ± 2.78° in aMA group versus 90.85° ± 2.01° in MA group (p < 0.001). Both aMA‐TKA and MA‐TKA achieved satisfactory mid‐term clinical outcomes. However, the HSS scores at 1 month postoperatively were significantly higher using aMA than using MA (p < 0.001).ConclusionNavigation‐assisted TKA using aMA technique obtained satisfactory mid‐term clinical outcomes. The aMA technique aims to produce a biomimetic wider lateral flexion‐extension gap and minimize releases of soft tissues, which might be associated with better early clinical outcomes than MA technique.
Other minds, other people, and human opacity
Authors: Hacker Peter M. S. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper explains the absence of the problem of other minds in ancient philosophy and links its rise in early modern philosophy with the distinction between primary and secondary qualities and the consequent veil of ideas. The futile struggles of early modern philosophers with the problems is delineated. So too are the incoherent theories of modern neuroscientists and psychologists. The sources of the manifold confusions are pinned down to use and misuse of the concept of mind, to misunderstandings about the nature of the human ability to say how things are subjectively with oneself, to misconstruals of the nature of introspection and self‐knowledge, and to the misguided picture of the “inner” and the “outer”. Philosophical misunderstandings about knowledge of other minds has masked the genuine limitations on our knowledge and understanding of our fellow human beings. Some of these rest on ignorance, others on the constitutional indeterminacy of the mental.
Double take: Abolition and the size of transferred property rights*
Authors: Bourne Jenny 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveAbolition is sometimes portrayed as a taking of property rights from former masters. If we consider freedom as the baseline, slavery could instead represent a taking of property rights from slaves. To gauge pecuniary losses to slaves, I estimate foregone wages to former U.S. slaves alive at the time of emancipation.MethodI use slave hire rates and values from colonial times to the 1860s to calculate lost compensation to former slaves.ResultsEstimated pecuniary losses to former slaves at the time of their emancipation are nearly $7 billion in 1860 dollars, or about $200 billion in today's dollars.ConclusionsToday's calls for reparations to U.S. blacks appeal to a sense of justice but encounter legal problems because potential plaintiffs cannot show direct harm from slavery. Former slaves, however, arguably possessed legal standing at the time of emancipation to request reimbursement for past wages. Because our nation failed to compensate newly freed persons for lost wages, they and their descendants have suffered a financial disadvantage for generations.
What is the impact of targeted therapies given within phase I trials on the cognitive function of patients with advanced cancer: a mixed-methods exploratory study conducted in an early clinical trials unit
Authors: Stapleton Sarah , Darlington Anne-Sophie Emma , de Bono J S , Wiseman Theresa 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionNovel therapies such as small protein molecule inhibitors and immunotherapies are tested in early phase trials before moving to later phase trials and ultimately standard practice. A key aim of these clinical trials is to define a toxicity profile, however, the emphasis is often on safety with measurements of organ toxicity. Other subjective side effects can be under-reported because they are not measured formally within the trial protocols. The concern from clinical practice is that cognitive toxicity is poorly studied and may be under-reported in this context. This could lead to toxicity profiles of new treatments not being fully described and patients with unmet need in terms of acknowledgement and support of symptoms. This protocol outlines a framework of an exploratory study with feasibility aspects to investigate the impact and experience of cognitive changes for patients on phase I trials.Methods and analysisThis is a mixed-methods study, combining quantitative and qualitative approaches. The sample is 30 patients with advanced cancer who are participating in phase I trials of novel therapies in the early clinical trials unit of a specialist cancer centre. A test battery of validated cognitive assessments will be taken alongside patient reported outcome measures at three time points from baseline, day eight and day 28 post start of treatment. At day 28, a semi-structured interview will be conducted and the narrative thematically analysed. Results will be integrated to offer a comprehensive description of cognitive function in this patient group.Ethics and disseminationThe study has received full HRA and ethical approval. It is the first study to introduce formal cognitive assessments in a cancer phase I trial context. The study has the potential to highlight previously unreported side effects and more importantly unmet need in terms of care for patients who are participating in the trials.
Home-based multidisciplinary interventions on skin adverse reactions in EGFR-TKI-treated patients with lung cancer: a protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Du Ruofei , Yang Huashan , Zhou Huiyue , Ma Lixia , Getu Mikiyas Amare , Chen Changying , Wang Tao 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionHere, we provide a feasible, well-designed protocol of a randomised controlled trial for the assessment of the effects of a home-based multidisciplinary intervention on the severity of skin adverse drug reactions and health-related indicators in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) under epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) therapy.Methods and analysisThe study will be a two-group, parallel randomised controlled trial conducted at patients’ homes by a multidisciplinary team in Zhengzhou in Henan Province, China. Patients with NSCLC who received EGFR-TKI therapy and experienced adverse skin reactions will be randomised and receive either ordinary care or home-based multidisciplinary interventions. The intervention will be divided into an intensive stage (6 weeks) and a maintenance stage (6 weeks) with baseline and follow-up assessment. Interventions in the intensive stage will include general interventions such as health education, follow-up, behaviour guide and social support and targeted interventions such as skill training, coping with adverse drug reaction and problem-solving. The measures that will be carried out in maintenance stage are continuous interventions consisted of an intensive intervention. The multidisciplinary team will be responsible for managing skin adverse drug reactions as required at patients’ homes. Data collection and analysis will be performed by researchers at baseline, the end of the sixth week of intervention and the third month after the intervention. The primary outcome is the degree of skin adverse drug reactions, while the secondary outcomes, for example, self-management ability, quality of life, outpatient visits and health economics indicators, will also be presented.Ethics and disseminationThis study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Zhengzhou University (No. ZZUIRB-2020-97). Findings will be available to patients, clinicians, nurses, pharmacists, community medical staff, funders and health policymakers through peer-reviewed publications, social media and patient support groups.Trial registration numberChinese Clinical Trials Registry (ChiCTR2000040643).
Patterns of suicide and self-harm in Pakistan: a retrospective descriptive study protocol
Authors: Asad Nargis , Pirani Shahina , Tariq Summaiya , Qureshi Asra , Zaman Mohammad , Aslam Mustafa , Mirza Farhat , Khan Murad M 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionSuicide is a major global public health problem. Low-income and middle-income countries contribute 78% of all suicidal deaths. Pakistan, a South Asian country, lacks official statistics on suicides at national level. Statistics on suicide are neither collected nationally nor published in the annual national morbidity and mortality surveys. Medicolegal reports on suicides and self-harm are extremely rich and important source of information but greatly underused in Pakistan. We aim to examine the patterns of suicides and self-harm retrospectively in patients who were registered with medicolegal centres (MLCs) in Karachi, during the period January 2017 to December 2021.Methods and analysisUsing retrospective descriptive design, the data will be collected from the medical records maintained at the main office of the Karachi police surgeon. Data from all nine MLCs of Karachi are collated and stored at the main office of Police surgeon. Information on suicide and self-harm cases will be extracted from records of all MLCs. The data will be collected using structured proforma and it will be analysed using descriptive and inferential analysis.Ethics and disseminationThe study was approved for exemption from Aga Khan University, Ethical Review Committee. The findings of the study will be disseminated by conducting seminars for healthcare professionals and stakeholders including psychiatrists, psychologists, counsellors, medicolegal officers, police surgeons, mental health nurses, general and public health physicians and policy makers. Findings will be published in local and international peer-reviewed scientific journals.
Prospective cohort study to identify prevalence, risk factors and outcomes of infection associated kidney disease in a regional hospital in Malawi
Authors: Carey Laura Isobel , Kaimba Sylvester , Nyirenda Saulos , Chetcuti Karen , Joekes Elizabeth , Henrion Marc Yves Romain , Rylance Jamie 
Published: November 2022

ObjectivesAcute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and severe complication of community acquired infection, but data on impact in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are lacking. We determined prevalence, risk factors and outcomes of infection associated kidney disease in adults in Malawi.DesignA prospective cohort study of adults admitted to hospital with infection, from February 2021 to June 2021, collecting demographic, clinical, laboratory and ultrasonography data.SettingAdults admitted to a regional hospital in Southern Region, Malawi.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcomes were prevalence of kidney disease and mortality by Cox proportional hazard model. AKI was defined according to Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guidelines. Secondary outcomes were risk factors for AKI identified by logistic regression and prevalence of chronic kidney disease at 3 months.ResultsWe recruited 101 patients presenting to hospital with infection. Median age was 38 years (IQR: 29–48 years), 88 had known HIV status of which 53 (60%) were living with HIV, and of these 42 (79%) were receiving antiretroviral therapy. AKI was present in 33/101 at baseline, of which 18/33 (55%) cases were severe (KDIGO stage 3). At 3 months, 28/94 (30%) participants had died, while 7/61 (11%) of survivors had chronic kidney disease. AKI was associated with older age (age: 60 years vs 40 years, OR: 3.88, 95% CI 1.82 to 16.64), and HIV positivity (OR: 4.08, 95% CI 1.28 to 15.67). Living with HIV was independently associated with death (HR: 3.97, 95% CI 1.07 to 14.69).ConclusionsKidney disease is common among hospitalised adults with infection in Malawi, with significant kidney impairment identified at 3 months. Our study highlights the difficulty in diagnosing acute and chronic kidney disease, and the need for more accurate methods than creatinine based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) equations for populations in Africa. Patients with kidney impairment identified in hospital should be prioritised for follow-up.
Impact of modifiable reproductive factors on cancer incidence and mortality in Korea: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Kim Seo-Hee , Han Mi Ah 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionCancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. In Korea, it is also a major public health problem. Cancer burden may increase significantly due to ageing population and changes in lifestyle. The features of reproductive factors have changed, which include increased age at first childbirth and decreased breastfeeding duration. This study aims to systematically summarise the association between modifiable reproductive factors and cancer incidence and mortality to provide evidence for planning strategies aimed at reducing cancer incidence and mortality in women.Methods and analysisA literature search was performed using the EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library and Korean databases such as the Korean Studies Information Service System, Research Information Sharing Service, KoreaMED, Korean Medical Database, National Assembly Library and Korea Institute from their inception to 24 August 2022. We will include cohort studies addressing the associations between at least one of the reproductive factors and the incidence and mortality of all or specific cancers among Korean women. Two reviewers will screen the references, extract the data, and assess the risk of bias independently and in duplicates. Discrepancies will be resolved through discussion or consultation with a third-party reviewer. We will use the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach to evaluate the certainty of evidence. We will summarise the findings of the included systematic reviews through quantitative or narrative syntheses and present the summarised findings in tables.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required, since we will use only the published data. We will disseminate the study findings in peer-reviewed publications.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022356085.