bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spinal degeneration is associated with lumbar multifidus morphology in secondary care patients with low back or leg pain
Authors: Cooley Jeffrey R. , Jensen Tue S. , Kjaer Per , Jacques Angela , Theroux Jean , Hebert Jeffrey J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAssociations between multifidus muscle morphology and degenerative pathologies have been implied in patients with non-specific low back pain, but it is unknown how these are influenced by pathology severity, number, or distribution. MRI measures of pure multifidus muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) were acquired from 522 patients presenting with low back and/or leg symptoms in an outpatient clinic. We explored cross-sectional associations between the presence, distribution, and/or severity of lumbar degenerative pathologies (individually and in aggregate) and muscle outcomes in multivariable analyses (beta coefficients [95% CI]). We identified associations between lower pure multifidus muscle CSA and disc degeneration (at two or more levels): − 4.51 [− 6.72; − 2.3], Modic 2 changes: − 4.06 [− 6.09; − 2.04], endplate defects: − 2.74 [− 4.58; − 0.91], facet arthrosis: − 4.02 [− 6.26; − 1.78], disc herniations: − 3.66 [− 5.8; − 1.52], and when > 5 pathologies were present: − 6.77 [− 9.76; − 3.77], with the last supporting a potential dose–response relationship between number of spinal pathologies and multifidus morphology. Our findings could hypothetically indicate that these spinal and muscle findings: (1) are part of the same degenerative process, (2) result from prior injury or other common antecedent events, or (3) have a directional relationship. Future longitudinal studies are needed to further examine the complex nature of these relationships.
Precise heteroatom doping determines aqueous solubility and self-assembly behaviors for polycyclic aromatic skeletons
Authors: Li Kang , Hu Jia-Min , Qin Wei-Min , Guo Jing , Cai Yue-Peng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDeveloping effective strategies to improve the hydrophilicity or aqueous solubility of hydrophobic molecular scaffolds is meaningful for both academic research and industrial applications. Herein, we demonstrate that stepwise and precise N/O heteroatoms doping on a polycyclic aromatic skeleton can gradually alter these structures from hydrophobic to hydrophilic, even resulting in excellent aqueous solubility. The Hansen solubility parameters (HSP) method shows that the three partial solubility parameters are closely related to N/O doping species, numbers and positions on the molecular panel. The hydrogen bonding solubility parameter indicates that the hydrogen bonding interactions between N/O doped molecules and water play a key role in enhancing hydrophilicity. Moreover, three optimized water-soluble molecules underwent a self-assembly process to form stable nanoparticles in water, thus facilitating better hydrogen bonding interactions disclosed by HSP calculations, NMR and single crystal X-ray analysis. These ensembles even show quasi-solid properties in water from NMR and luminescence perspectives.
Degradation pathways in perovskite solar cells and how to meet international standards
Authors: Zhang Deyi , Li Daiyu , Hu Yue , Mei Anyi , Han Hongwei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCommercialization is widely believed to be achievable for metal halide perovskite solar cells with high efficiency and low fabrication cost. However, stability remains a key obstacle for them to compete with established photovoltaic technologies. The photovoltaic community relies on the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standard for the minimum stability assessment for any commercialized solar cell. In this review, we summarize the main degradation mechanisms of perovskite solar cells and key results for achieving sufficient stability to meet IEC standards. We also summarize limitations for evaluating solar cell stability and commercialization potential within the framework of the current IEC standard, and discuss the importance of outdoor testing.
Increased carbon assimilation and efficient water usage may not compensate for carbon loss in European forests
Authors: Montibeller Bruno , Marshall Michael , Mander Ülo , Uuemaa Evelyn 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPhenological responses of vegetation to global warming impact ecosystem gross primary production and evapotranspiration. However, high resolution and large spatial scale observational evidence of such responses in undisturbed core forest areas is lacking. Here, we analyse MODIS satellite data to assess monthly trends in gross primary productivity and evapotranspiration across undisturbed core forest areas in Europe between 2000 and 2020. Both parameters increased during the early spring and late autumn in nearly half of the total undisturbed core forest area (3601.5 km2). Enhanced productivity drove increased water-use-efficiency (the ratio of gross primary productivity to evapotranspiration). However, productivity increases during spring and autumn were not sufficient to compensate for summertime decreases in 25% of core forest areas. Overall, 20% of total gross primary productivity across all European forest core areas was offset by forest areas that exhibited a net decrease in productivity.
Long-lasting geroprotection from brief rapamycin treatment in early adulthood by persistently increased intestinal autophagy
Authors: Juricic Paula , Lu Yu-Xuan , Leech Thomas , Drews Lisa F. , Paulitz Jonathan , Lu Jiongming , Nespital Tobias , Azami Sina , Regan Jennifer C. , Funk Emilie , Fröhlich Jenny , Grönke Sebastian , Partridge Linda 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe licensed drug rapamycin has potential to be repurposed for geroprotection. A key challenge is to avoid adverse side effects from continuous dosing. Here we show that geroprotective effects of chronic rapamycin treatment can be obtained with a brief pulse of the drug in early adulthood in female Drosophila and mice. In Drosophila, a brief, early rapamycin treatment of adults extended lifespan and attenuated age-related decline in the intestine to the same degree as lifelong dosing. Lasting memory of earlier treatment was mediated by elevated autophagy in intestinal enterocytes, accompanied by increased levels of intestinal LManV and lysozyme. Brief elevation of autophagy in early adulthood itself induced a long-term increase in autophagy. In mice, a 3-month, early treatment also induced a memory effect, with maintenance similar to chronic treatment, of lysozyme distribution, Man2B1 level in intestinal crypts, Paneth cell architecture and gut barrier function, even 6 months after rapamycin was withdrawn.
Leveraging lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic for HIV
Authors: Calder Thomas , Tong Tina , Hu Dale J. , Kim Jerome H. , Kotloff Karen L. , Koup Richard A. , Marovich Mary A. , McElrath M. Juliana , Read Sarah W. , Robb Merlin L. , Renzullo Philip O. , D’Souza M. Patricia 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe rapid development of COVID-19 vaccines and their deployment in less than a year is an unprecedented scientific, medical, and public health achievement. This rapid development leveraged knowledge from decades of HIV/AIDS research and advances. However, the search for an HIV vaccine that would contribute to a durable end to the HIV pandemic remains elusive. Here, we draw from the US government experience and highlight lessons learned from COVID-19 vaccine development, which include the importance of public-private partnerships, equitable inclusion of populations impacted by the infectious pathogen, and continued investment in basic research. We summarize key considerations for an accelerated and re-energized framework for developing a safe and efficacious HIV vaccine.
Optimisation method for carbon black distribution of polypropylene‐based semi‐conductive screen materials and its effect on charge emission behaviour at screen/insulation interface
Authors: Yang Jiaming , Zhang Rui , Yang Xu , Sun Zhi , Zhao Xindong , Zhao Hong , Wang Xuan , Li Lin , Liu Heqian 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe semi‐conductive (SC) screen materials used in polypropylene (PP)‐based cables are usually multi‐component composites. Polypropylene shows poor compatibility with carbon black (CB), and CB particles tend to disperse in the elastomer phase, which results in CB non‐uniform dispersion in screen materials. The non‐uniform distribution of CB will cause abnormal electric fields at the screen/insulation interface and affect insulation performance. This paper prepared modified PP grafted by molecule maleic anhydride, and four PP‐based SC shielding materials were blended in combination with PP, PP‐g‐MAH, and thermoplastic elastomer (POE) as matrix resin. The CB distribution, electrical conductivity, and basic physical properties of the shielding material were characterised. Different screen materials were served as electrodes to test their effects on the space charge and conductivity characteristics of insulation. The relationship between the macroscopic properties and the distribution characteristics of CB was discussed. Results show that the selective dispersion of CB in screen material was improved by PP‐g‐MAH and the surface electric potential distribution was homogenised. Charge emission at the screen/insulation interface and conductivity can be reduced by homogenising the CB distribution. CB/PP‐g‐MAH/POE prepared in this paper exhibits relatively uniform CB distribution, which can reduce the charge emission from the screen/insulation interface.
A hybrid‐driven continuous‐time filter for manoeuvering target tracking
Authors: Xiong Wei , Zhu Hongfeng , Cui Yaqi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper considers the problem of target tracking in complex manoeuvering scenarios with a lack of relevant prior knowledge. This is a challenge for classical model‐based manoeuvering target tracking algorithms because they rely heavily on accurate domain and prior knowledge of target motion. To address this problem, we propose a hybrid‐driven continuous‐time filter algorithm in this paper, which combines the advantages of the model‐driven and data‐driven. We use the stochastic differential equation (SDE) with the acceleration model as the basic framework of the proposed algorithm. In order to deal with unpredictable manoeuvres and unknown perturbations, we adopt neural networks as data‐driven to estimate target accelerations and compensations of composite perturbations in real time using historical and current measurements. And the direction of gradient descent of the neural network is constrained by the motion model, thus the learning efficiency of the network and the interpretability of the proposed algorithm is improved. The proposed algorithm can simultaneously utilise historical trajectory information and domain knowledge as hybrid‐driven to achieve complex manoeuvering target tracking with little prior information. Experimental results demonstrate the superiority of our algorithm in tracking accuracy, robustness and environmental adaptability.
Bewegungstherapie bei Durchblutungsstörungen – Einsatzmöglichkeiten und Praxistipps
Authors: Aumüller Robert 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungDie umgangssprachlich genannten „Durchblutungsstörungen“ stehen in Deutschland an erster Stelle der Krankheiten und betreffen das Herz selbst sowie das arterielle und venöse Gefäßsystem. Vor allem die Arteriosklerose führt zu koronarer Herzerkrankung, Schlaganfall und peripherer arterieller Verschlusskrankheit. Zur Thromboseprophylaxe, Erhalt der Funktion, Besserung der Symptome, Leistungssteigerung und Verhinderung des Fortschreitens der Erkrankung kann bei den betroffenen Patientinnen und Patienten bewegungstherapeutische Physiotherapie angewendet werden. Je nach Schwere und Lokalisation der Krankheit stehen verschiedene therapeutische Optionen des Bewegungstrainings zur Verfügung. Diese reichen von leichtem Gehtraining über Mobilisation bis hin zum aktiven Gefäßtraining und Ausdauerbeanspruchung. Der Beitrag stellt die gängigen Krankheitsbilder sowie verschiedene Übungen dazu vor.
Auswirkungen der Arthrodese eines einzelnen Mittelgelenkes von
Zeige-, Mittel- oder Ringfinger auf Hand- und Fingerkraft sowie auf die
Druckverteilung der Hand
Authors: Dimitrova Polina , Reger Angela , Prommersberger Karl-Josef , van Schoonhoven Jörg , Mühldorfer-Fodor Marion 
Published: August 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Durch die funktionelle Kopplung der Fingergelenke
untereinander und den Quadriga-Effekt ist ein verändertes Greifmuster
und damit auch eine veränderte Kraftverteilung der Hand nach
Mittelgelenksversteifung zu vermuten.
Patienten und Methoden Zehn Patienten mit isolierter Arthrodese eines
Mittelgelenkes (PIP) aufgrund einer posttraumatischen Arthrose (4×PIP
II, 4×PIP III, 2×PIP IV) wurden im Mittel 59 (17–121)
Monate postoperativ untersucht. Der Arthrodesenwinkel wurde auf den
Röntgenbildern bestimmt. Die Kraft und die Druckverteilung beider
Hände wurden mittels Manugraphie mit drei Zylindergrößen
gemessen und die Kraft der Hände, einzelner Finger und Fingerglieder
miteinander verglichen.
Ergebnisse Die durchschnittliche Gesamtkraft der betroffenen Seite betrug
beim kleinen Zylinder 74% (38–136%) der gesunden
Gegenseite, 104% (68–180%) beim mittleren Zylinder und
110% (69–240%) beim großen Zylinder.
Versteifungen des Zeigefingermittelgelenkes führten zur Minderung der
gesamten Handkraft auf 91% beim kleinen Zylinder, einer Steigerung auf
120% beim mittleren Zylinder und 139% beim großen
Zylinder. Die Gesamtkraft bei versteiftem PIP III betrug 56%,
88% und 91% für die drei Zylinder. Bei Arthrodese des
PIP IV ergaben sich 76%, 105% und 91%. Das
Kraftverteilungsmuster zeigte nach PIP-Arthrodese meist eine verminderte Kraft
des betroffenen Fingers, nur nach Versteifung des PIP II war die Kraft des
betroffenen Zeigefingers beim großen Zylinder größer als
auf der gesunden Seite. Des Weiteren waren die übrigen Finger der
betroffenen Hand kräftiger im Vergleich zur anderen Seite, was die
Steigerung der Gesamtkraft der betroffenen Hand vor allem am großen und
mittleren Zylinder gegenüber der gesunden Hand bewirkte. Die
Kraftverteilung an den einzelnen Fingergliedern zeigte eine Kraftminderung vor
allem des Mittelglieds, aber auch des Endglieds am versteiften Finger.
Schlussfolgerung Die Versteifung des Mittelgelenks führt fast
immer zur Kraftminderung des betroffenen Fingers am Mittel- und Endglied. Jedoch
wird die Gesamtkraft häufig durch eine vermehrte Kraft der
übrigen Finger ausgeglichen, bzw. übersteigt diese teilweise
auch die Kraft der gesunden Gegenseite. Beim Greifen kleinerer Umfänge
jedoch ist die Gesamtkraft nach Mittelgelenksarthrodese deutlich reduziert.
Endothelveränderungen durch Spike-Proteine durch Covid-Erkrankung oder -Impfung?
Authors: Steen Henning , Wiechert Dirk 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungDas Spike-Protein des SARS-CoV-2 ist über den ACE2-Rezeptor der Schlüssel des Virus zum Eintritt in die Zelle. Im Rahmen der Vektor- und mRNA-Impfung wird das Spike-Protein auf der Oberfläche der Zelle exprimiert, die die Impfinformation abliest. Der Impfstoff ist so konstruiert, dass er grundsätzlich jede Zelle befallen kann und keineswegs nur an der Injektionsstelle verbleibt. Somit können auch Zellen der Blutgefäße betroffen sein und hier speziell die Endothelzellen. Der Beitrag zeigt erste Ergebnisse aus der Praxis und gibt Anweisungen zur Dokumentation und zur Therapie des Beschwerdeverlaufs bei Patienten.
Integrative Medizin als Wegweiser für Klimaschutz?
Authors: Schwartz Carmen , Bär Maurizio , Jansen Ele , Grah Christian 
Published: August 2022

SummaryDas Gesundheitswesen steht vor der Aufgabe,Antworten auf die Herausforderungender Klimakrise zu finden und ins Handeln zukommen. Dabei geht es sowohl um die Anpassungan klimabedingte Gesundheitsgefahrenals auch um die Reduktion des ökologischenFußabdrucks des Gesundheitswesensselbst. Immer deutlicher zeigt sich:Klimaschutz ist kein Luxus, sondern eineNotwendigkeit für eine gute Gesundheitsversorgung.Insbesondere die integrativeMedizin hat hier großes Potenzial, eine Vorreiterrollezu spielen und wegweisendeSchritte auf dem Weg Richtung klimagerechtesGesundheitswesen einzuleiten. DasKonzept des Planetary Health sowie Beispieleaus der Praxis werden in diesem Artikelvorgestellt, um potenzielle Anknüpfungspunktezwischen integrativer Medizin undKlimaschutz aufzuzeigen.
Klimawandel und Gesundheit: Auswirkungen und Anpassungsmöglichkeiten
Authors: Mertes Hanna 
Published: August 2022

SummaryHitze, verminderte Luftqualität, erhöhtes Allergiepotenzial: Der Klimawandel beeinträchtigt die Gesundheit der Menschen auf vielfältige Weise. Vulnerable Gruppen wie ältere Menschen, Schwangere, Kinder und Vorerkrankte, aber auch Menschen mit niedrigem sozioökonomischen Status sind von seinen Auswirkungen besonders stark betroffen. Neben körperlichen Effekten beeinflusst der Klimawandel zusätzlich die mentale Gesundheit. Klimaschutz ist daher auch Gesundheitsschutz. Anpassungen in der individuellen und gesellschaftlichen Lebens- und Wirtschaftsweise sowie innerhalb des Gesundheitssystems haben das Potenzial, diese Auswirkungen abzufedern.
Sommer, Sonne, Hitzenotfall
Authors: Naß Daniela , Bauderer Edgar 
Published: August 2022

SummaryEinige Sommer der letzten Jahre gehörten zu den heißesten seit Beginn der Temperaturaufzeichnung. Die Klimaveränderung hat nicht nur Auswirkungen auf das Wetter, die Flora und Fauna, sondern auch auf den Rettungsdienst: Die Zahl der Hitzenotfälle steigt 1. Viele Retter unterschätzen Sonnenstich, Hitzschlag und Co., dabei kann es zu teils lebensgefährlichen Komplikationen kommen.
Approaches to the Total Synthesis of Conduramines: A Review
Authors: Bharathkumar Hanumantharayappa , Krishna Jattuboyina Siva , Batchu Venkateswara Rao , Surender Banothu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis review reports on the total synthesis of conduramines, which are formally derived from conduritols, mainly containing a trihydroxy aminocyclohexene core. Analysis of the different strategies developed to prepare these aminocyclohexene triols and their derivatives has been carried out with special attention paid to the methods employed for the insertion of the chiral amine moiety.
Applicability, Safety, and Efficiency of Salpingectomy versus Electrocoagulation and Laparoscopic Tubal Section in Ambulatory
Authors: Pereira Joana Margarida Araújo , Trocado Vera Filipa Batista , Gomes Sandra Marina Sousa , Carlos-Alves Mariana , Carvalho Agostinho , Pinheiro Paula Alexandra 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective Female sterilization is a surgical procedure that aims women to permanently stop the use of conception. The benefits, risks and cost-effectiveness are important issues. The purpose of this study was comparing the applicability, complications and efficacy of salpingectomy versus electrocoagulation and tubal occlusion by laparoscopy in the Ambulatory Surgery Unit.
Methods We performed a retrospective and observational study that included women undergoing laparoscopic sterilization procedures at our Ambulatory Surgery Unit, during three years. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS, applying the Fisher exact test, the Mann-Whitney test, and Linear Regression.
Results Two hundred and twenty-one laparoscopic surgical procedures were performed, including 79 (35.7%) bilateral total salpingectomies and 142 (64.3%) electrocoagulation and bilateral tubal occlusion procedures. The majority of the procedures were performed by a resident (n = 162; 73.3%), with 40% (n = 33) of salpingectomies. The surgical time, independently the type of surgeon, was significantly shorter in the tubal occlusion (42.2 vs. 52.7 min, p < 0.001). Safety and efficacy endpoints were not significantly different between the two groups, with a case of pregnancy in tubal occlusion group.
Conclusion Salpingectomy is a safe and effective alternative comparing with electrocoagulation and tubal occlusion.
Making the world observable and accountable: An ethnomethodological inquiry into the distinction between illustration and exhaustion
Authors: Yu-cheng Liu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis article explores the connection between two fields, artificial intelligence (AI) and transhumanist posthumanism. In linking them, the author proposes a distinction of "exhaustion/illustration" to extend various discussions of to what extent AI can learn from human intelligence (HI) and vice versa. Ethnomethodology, whose aim is to study how social members make social settings “observable and accountable”, may contribute to our understanding of how, if possible, AI makes its accountings and accounting practices “observable and accountable”. Through the lens of ethnomethodology, the distinction will be demonstrated as two logics of approaching and understanding the world. In the beginning, the logic of illustration, belonging to the human mind, creates distance between humans and their world to make things understandable, with no regard to how things can be truly represented or not. Later in the history of scientific and technological development, especially in pursuing exactness, steadiness, and predictability, the logic of exhaustion has been gradually developed to eliminate distance through formalizing almost everything, resulting in a situation in which humans and machines imitate each other and become intertwined. In rejecting the grand narratives as post-modernists stated, what comes after has been to be another narrative occupied by the logic of exhaustion. It is this narrative that has penetrated daily life and becomes omnipresent. Humanities can be endangered by internalizing the logic and the relationships between humans and machines cannot be appropriately evaluated if the logic of illustration has been kept overlooked.
Career path support for special needs students with social, emotional, and behavioural difficulties in middle school in Japan: a qualitative study
Authors: Fujino Haruo , Sato Norika 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEmotional and behavioural problems have marked adverse effects on school engagement and student performance. While previous studies have investigated the transition from primary to secondary school, middle to high-school transitions are not well-documented. Therefore, this qualitative study focuses on teachers charged with special needs classes in middle schools to identify their difficulties in supporting the career decisions of students with social, emotional, and behavioural difficulties. The study participants consisted of 18 teachers from special needs classes in Japanese middle schools. We identified three themes concerning teachers’ experiences: difficulties in determining students’ future trajectories, difficulties in collaborating with stakeholders, and teachers’ considerations of what is important. The findings suggest that the stigmas associated with social, emotional, and behavioural difficulties interfere career path choices of such students. Therefore, future studies about these students are essential for supporting career path-related decision-making among the teachers, students, and parents.