bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CD30+ anaplastic large cell lymphoma: a review of its histopathologic, genetic, and clinical features
Authors: Stein Harald , Foss Hans-Dieter , Dürkop Horst , Marafioti Theresa , Delsol Georges , Pulford Karen , Pileri Stefano , Falini Brunangelo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAnaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) represents a generally recognized group of large cell lymphomas. Defining features consist of a proliferation of predominantly large lymphoid cells with strong expression of the cytokine receptor CD30 and a characteristic growth pattern. With the use of molecular and clinical criteria, 3 entities of ALCL have been identified: primary systemic anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)+ ALCL, primary systemic ALK− ALCL, and primary cutaneous ALCL. ALK expression is caused by chromosomal translocations, most commonly t(2;5). ALK+ ALCL predominantly affects young male patients and, if treated with chemotherapy, has a favorable prognosis. It shows a broad morphologic spectrum, with the “common type,” the small cell variant, and the lymphohistiocytic variant being most commonly observed. The knowledge of the existence of these variants is essential in establishing a correct diagnosis. ALK− ALCL occurs in older patients, affecting both genders equally and having an unfavorable prognosis. The morphology and the immunophenotype of primary cutaneous ALCL show an overlap with that of lymphomatoid papulosis. Both diseases have an excellent prognosis, and secondary systemic dissemination is only rarely observed. The described ALCL entities usually derive from cytotoxic T cells. In contrast, large B-cell lymphomas with anaplastic morphology are believed to represent not a separate entity but a morphologic variant of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Malignant lymphomas with morphologic features of both Hodgkin disease and ALCL have formerly been classified as Hodgkin-like ALCL . Recent immunohistologic studies, however, suggest that ALCLs Hodgkin-like represent either cases of tumor cell–rich classic Hodgkin disease or (less commonly) ALK+ ALCL or ALK− ALCL.
Early differentiation of neurodegenerative diseases using the novel QSM technique: what is the biomarker of each disorder?
Authors: Nikparast Farzaneh , Ganji Zohreh , Zare Hoda 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDuring neurodegenerative diseases, the brain undergoes morphological and pathological changes; Iron deposits are one of the causes of pathological changes in the brain. The Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) technique, a type of magnetic resonance (MR) image reconstruction, is one of the newest diagnostic methods for iron deposits to detect changes in magnetic susceptibility. Numerous research projects have been conducted in this field. The purpose of writing this review article is to identify the first deep brain nuclei that undergo magnetic susceptibility changes during neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease. The purpose of this article is to identify the brain nuclei that are prone to iron deposition in any specific disorder. In addition to the mentioned purpose, this paper proposes the optimal scan parameters and appropriate algorithms of each QSM reconstruction step by reviewing the results of different articles. As a result, The QSM technique can identify nuclei exposed to iron deposition in various neurodegenerative diseases. Also, the selection of scan parameters is different based on the sequence and purpose; an example of the parameters is placed in the tables. The BET toolbox in FSL, Laplacian-based phase-unwrapping process, the V_SHARP algorithm, and morphology-enabled dipole inversion (MEDI) method are the most widely used algorithms in various stages of QSM reconstruction.
Coping with ‘the grey area’ of antibiotic prescribing: a theory-informed qualitative study exploring family physician perspectives on antibiotic prescribing
Authors: Simeoni Michelle , Saragosa Marianne , Laur Celia , Desveaux Laura , Schwartz Kevin , Ivers Noah 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundUnnecessary antibiotic use is associated with adverse side effects and rising rates of resistance at the individual and population level. This study used a theory-informed approach to identify potentially modifiable determinants of antibiotic prescribing for patients presenting to primary care with upper respiratory tract infection symptoms.MethodsQualitative interviews were conducted with primary care physicians in Ontario, Canada who were identified as medium- or high-volume antibiotic prescribers (high volume defined as top 20thpercentile versus “medium” defined as 40thto 60thpercentile). The interview guide and analysis were informed by the Theoretical Domains Framework. Each interview was coded by two research team members. Sampling and analysis continued until thematic saturation was achieved.ResultsTwenty family physicians were interviewed. Physicians felt that many decisions about prescribing for upper respiratory tract infection symptoms were straightforward (i.e., black and white). However, intention to avoid prescribing in cases where an antibiotic was not indicated clinically did not always align with the provider action or expectation of the patient. Clinical decisions were influenced by the Theoretical Domain Framework domains that were both internal to the physician (Knowledge, Skills, Social/Professional Role, and Belief about Capabilities) and external to the physician (Social Influence, Belief about Consequences, Reinforcement, Emotions, and Behavioural Regulation). TheEnvironmental Context and Resourcesplayed a key role. Physicians reported significant differences in their approach to antibiotic prescribing within episodic (walk-in) or continuity of care settings, as the presence (or not) of longitudinal physician–patient relationships seemed to moderate the role of these factors on the decision-making process in cases of uncertainty.ConclusionsAntibiotic prescribing in primary care is a complex decision-making process in which context may outweigh biology during encounters featuring clinical uncertainty. Differential skill in handling uncertainty and tactics used to operationalize guideline recommendations in the real world seems to contribute to observed variation in prescribing patterns, as much or more than differences in knowledge of best practices.
ASSIST: a reablement program for older adults in Sweden – a feasibility study
Authors: Assander Susanne , Bergström Aileen , Eriksson Christina , Meijer Sebastiaan , Guidetti Susanne 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundWestern countries emphasise the provision of assistive home care by implementing reablement services. Reablement services are offered to a limited degree in Sweden, and systematic research regarding outcomes and how reablement can be tailored to maximize benefits for older adults has been lacking. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of a novel reablement program (ASSIST 1.0) regarding study design and outcome measures, as well as fidelity, adherence, and acceptability of the program in a Swedish context.MethodA non-randomised, quasi-experimental, mixed-method, pre/post-test design was applied with an intervention group receiving ASSIST 1.0 (n = 7) and a control group receiving regular home care (n = 10). ASSIST 1.0 was developed to empower older adults to increase their perceived performance and satisfaction of performing activities in everyday life as well as increase their perceived health, self-efficacy, and well-being. ASSIST 1.0 was founded on the concept of reablement and included three components: i) goal setting with The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM), ii) provided support to home care staff to enhance their provision of reablement, and iii) explored the incorporation and use of an information- and communication technology (ICT) to facilitate information transfer.ResultsUsing COPM for goal setting with older adults and providing support to the staff via workshops were valuable components in the delivery of ASSIST 1.0. The ICT product encountered several challenges and could not be evaluated. COPM and EQ-5D were deemed the most important instruments. Organisational and political barriers affected the feasibility. Although, the fidelity and adherence were complied the staff perceived the program to be acceptable.ConclusionThe ASSIST 1.0 program was feasible in regard of study design, delivering the intervention, and evaluating instruments that detected a change. A logical progression would be to conduct a full-scale trial. In addition, a usability study to evaluate the technological component is also recommended. With minor improvements, the ASSIST 1.0 program has the potential to contribute to the development of a home care organisation that could enhance older adults possibility to age in place at home.Trial registration numberNCT03505619
Interpretable classifiers for prediction of disability trajectories using a nationwide longitudinal database
Authors: Wu Yafei , Xiang Chaoyi , Jia Maoni , Fang Ya 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objectives
To explore the heterogeneous disability trajectories and construct explainable machine learning models for effective prediction of long-term disability trajectories and understanding the mechanisms of predictions among the elderly Chinese at community level.

Methods
This study retrospectively collected data from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity and Happy Family Study between 2002 and 2018. A total of 4149 subjects aged 65 + in 2002 with completed activities of daily living (ADL) information for at least three waves were included. The mixed growth model was used to identify disability trajectories, and five machine learning models were further established to predict disability trajectories using epidemiological variables. An explainable approach was deployed to understand the model’s decisions.

Results
Three distinct disability trajectories, including normal class (77.3%), progressive class (15.5%), and high-onset class (7.2%), were identified for three-class prediction. The latter two were further merged into abnormal class, accompanied by normal class for two-class prediction. Machine learning, especially random forest and extreme gradient boosting achieved good performance in both two tasks. ADL, age, leisure activity, cognitive function, and blood pressure were key predictors.

Conclusion
The findings suggest that machine learning showed good performance and maybe of additional value in analyzing quality indicators in predicting disability trajectories, thereby providing basis to personalize intervention measures.
Virulence genes distributed among Staphylococcus aureus causing wound infections and their correlation to antibiotic resistance
Authors: Rasmi Asia Helmi , Ahmed Eman Farouk , Darwish Abdou Mohammed Abdullah , Gad Gamal Fadl Mahmoud 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundStaphylococcus aureuscauses many human infections, including wound infections, and its pathogenicity is mainly influenced by several virulence factors.AimThis study aimed to detect virulence genes (hla,sea,icaA, andfnbA) inS. aureusisolated from different wound infections among Egyptian patients admitted to Minia University Hospital. This study also aimed to investigate the prevalence of these genes in methicillin-resistantS. aureus(MRSA), methicillin-susceptibleS. aureus(MSSA), and vancomycin-resistantS. aureusisolates and the resistance and sensitivity to different antibiotic classes.MethodsA cross-sectional study was carried out from November 2019 to September 2021. Standard biochemical and microbiological tests revealed 59S. aureusisolates. The Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method was used to determine antibiotic susceptibility. DNA was extracted using a DNA extraction kit, and polymerase chain reaction was used to amplify all genes.ResultsA total of 59S. aureusisolates were detected from 51 wound samples. MRSA isolates accounted for 91.5%, whereas MSSA isolates accounted for 8.5%. The multidrug resistance (MDR) percentage inS. aureusisolates was 54.2%.S. aureusshowed high sensitivity pattern against vancomycin, linezolid, and chloramphenicol. However, a high resistance pattern was observed against oxacillin and piperacillin.seawas the most predominant gene (72.9%), followed byicaA(49.2%),hla(37.3%), andfnbA(13.6%).seawas the commonest virulence gene among MRSA isolates (72.2%), and a significant difference in the distribution oficaAwas found. However,seaandicaAwere the commonest genes among MSSA isolates (79.9%). The highest distribution ofseawas found among ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates (95.2%).ConclusionThe incidence of infections caused by MDRS. aureussignificantly increased with MRSA prevalence.seais the most predominant virulence factor among antibiotic-resistant strains with a significant correlation to piperacillin, gentamicin, and levofloxacin.
Body mass index and serum markers associated with progression-free survival in lung cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Liu Zhenzhen , Diao Yuzhu , Li Xiaoling 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
ICIs have remarkably affected the treatment strategies for numerous malignancies, including lung cancer. However, only a fraction of patients experience durable responses to ICIs; thus, there is an urgent need to identify the parameters related to ICI therapeutic effects. In this study, we investigated nutritional status surrogates and several serum markers to estimate the efficacy of ICIs.

Materials and methods
The records of 66 patients with stage III/IV lung cancer who received ICIs were retrospectively analyzed. Features of patients’ clinical pathology, including age, sex, histology, line of treatment, BMI, serum albumin, serum creatinine, and serum inflammatory markers such as LMR and PLR, were examined. Progression-free survival was the primary endpoint. Relationships among categorical variables were assessed by the chi-squared test. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan–Meier method followed by the log-rank test. Cox multivariate analysis was performed to analyze the association between each variable and the survival time of patients.

Results
The patients with BMI ≥ 25 (kg/m2), serum ALB≥37 (g/dL), serum creatinine ≥61.8 (μmol/L), LMR ≥ 2.12 had a significantly prolonged PFS in comparison with BMI<25 (kg/m2), ALB<37 (g/dL), creatinine<61.8 (μmol/L), LMR<2.12 (p < 0.05). No statistically significant difference was detected between patients with PLR < 135 and PLR ≥ 135 (p = 0.612). Multivariate analysis revealed that ALB≥37 (g/dL) and creatinine ≥ 61.8 (μmol/L) were associated with prolonged PFS, while statistical significance was not achieved in the BMI groups.

Conclusions
The current results indicated that high BMI is related to longer PFS in lung cancer patients treated with ICIs, which may be correlated with high levels of serum albumin and creatinine.
An online program with individualized vs automated support for significant others of depressed individuals – study protocol of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Schramm Elisabeth , Breuninger Christoph , Zehender Nadine , Hegerl Ulrich , Elsner Anne , Maun Andy , Schmölz Marina , Roick Christiane , Grodd Marlon , Graf Erika 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Due to budget restrictions in mental health care, non-professional caregivers are increasingly burdened with the emotional and practical care for their depressed relatives. However, informal family caregiving is mostly a stressful role with negative consequences on the physical and mental health of the caretakers to the extent that they have an elevated risk of experiencing psychiatric disorders themselves. While psychoeducation for relatives of depressed individuals showed positive results both in terms of the caretakers’ strain and the depressive symptoms of the affected person, there are major barriers to participate in presence in those programs. Digital programs might be a viable alternative. We found no empirically evaluated digital program available for informal caregivers of depressed patients.

Methods
An online program for relatives of depressed individuals has been developed including four interactive modules on 1) psychoeducation, 2) how to strengthen the relationship with the depressed person, 3) how to deal with the depressive symptoms of the patient, and 4) find the right balance between caring for the depressed person and self-care. We investigate if this self-help program is more effective when used with individualized versus automated e-mail support, and if both supported conditions are more effective than treatment-as-usual (TAU in form of written information material) in terms of the risk of mental diseases in caregivers. The primary outcome is the reduction of the caregiver’s nonspecific mental distress as measured by the change of the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale score from baseline to four weeks after randomization. Caregivers (n = 500:500:250) will be randomized to one of the three conditions.

Discussion
Psychological support for caregivers of individuals with mental disorders such as depression should be offered as part of integrated services. There is a huge potential to develop and implement interactive online approaches to support informal caregivers of patients with depression to function in their multiple roles and to help them to remain healthy.

Trial registration
DRKS, DRKS00025241. Registered 5 Mai 2021.
Suicide ideation and/or attempt with substance use and associated factors among the youth in northwest Ethiopia, community-based
Authors: Melkam Mamaru , Demilew Demeke , Kassew Tilahun , Fanta Bruik , Yitayih Sewbesew , Alemu Kassahun , Muhammed Yasin , Getnet Berhanie , Abetu Eden , Tarekegn Gebrekidan Ewnetu , Oumer Mohammed , Nenko Goshu 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Substance use is referring to the use of psychoactive substances like chat, cigarettes, alcohol, and others. The use of substances particularly (alcohol, chat, and cigarette) is a major mental health burden in developing countries including Ethiopia among youth. Suicide ideation and an attempt are thinking or trying to kill oneself that facilitates the act of a person intentionally causing his or her death. Suicide is one of the most serious mental health problems and has a great social impact in the world as it is currently the third leading cause of death for youth. Youth is defined as the period of life between childhood and maturity with an age interval of (15–25).

Method
A cross-sectional study design was used to assess the prevalence of suicidal ideation and attempts with substance use among youth in northwest Ethiopia. Multi-stage sampling techniques of stratified with simple random sample ware used. In the first stage, substance users are selected then as the second stage among substance users the burden of suicide behavior is assessed. ASIST, DASS-21, and other tools were used to assess suicidal behavior with substance use and associated factors. Data were edited, purified, and entered into Epi-data version 4.6 before being exported to the statistical package for social sciences version 20 for analysis of bi-variables to see the associations’ p-value < 0.2 and multi-variables to identify the associated variables with a p-value of < 0.05 AOR and CI also done.

Results
From a total of 372 substance user participants over all prevalence of suicidal ideation and attempt among youth was 54(14.5%) with 95% CI of (11.0,18.0) and 37(9.9%) with 95% CI (7.0, 13.0) respectively. Being female [AOR =2.36;95% CI:(1.19, 4.68)], poor social support [AOR =3.03; 95% CI: (1.11, 8.25)], and anxiety [AOR = 3.82: 95% CI; (1.96, 7.46)].

Conclusion and recommendations
The prevalence of suicidal ideation and attempt among substance users was 14.5 and 9.9% respectively therefore, immediate interventional actions needed to be administered to decrease the burden of suicide by reducing substance use and other associated factors.
Identifying risk factors in explaining women’s anaemia in limited resource areas: evidence from West Bengal of India and Bangladesh
Authors: Jana Arup , Chattopadhyay Aparajita , Saha Unnati Rani 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundAnaemia among women is a public health problem with associated adverse outcomes for mother and child. This study investigates the determinants of women’s anaemia in two Bengals; West Bengal (a province of India) and Bangladesh. These two spaces are inhabitated by Bengali speaking population since historic past. The study argues that open defecation, contraceptive method use and food consumption patterns are playing crucial role in explaining anaemia.MethodsUsing non-pregnant women belonging to different religious groups, we analyzed a total of 21,032 women aged 15–49 from the nationally representative cross-sectional surveys, i.e., Bangladesh Demographic Health Survey (BDHS-VI, 2011) and National Family Health Survey (NFHS round 4, 2015–16). We performed spatial, bivariate and logistic regression analyses to unfold the important risk factors of anaemia in two Bengals.ResultsThe prevalence of anaemia was 64% in West Bengal and 41% in Bangladesh. The significant risk factors explaining anaemia were use of sterilization, vegetarian diet and open defecation. Further, women who used groundwater (tube well or well) for drinking suffered more from anaemia. Also, younger women, poor, less educated and having more children were highly likely to be anaemic. The study also indicates that those who frequently consumed non-vegetarian items and fruits in West Bengal and experienced household food security in Bangladesh were less prone to be anaemic. Hindus of West Bengal, followed by Muslims of that state and then Hindus of Bangladesh were at the higher risk of anaemia compared to Muslims of Bangladesh, indicating the stronger role of space over religion in addressing anaemia. Unlike West Bengal, Bangladesh observed distinct regional differences in women's anaemia.ConclusionsPropagating the choices of contraception mainly Pill/ injection/IUDs and making the availability of iron rich food along with a favourable community environment in terms of safe drinking water and improved sanitation besides better education and economic condition can help to tackle anaemia in limited-resource areas.