bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of inflicted and neglectful femur shaft fractures in young children in national level I trauma centers
Authors: Loos Marie-Louise H. J. , Bakx Roel , Allema J. H. , Bloemers Frank W. , Ten Bosch Jan A. , Edwards Michael J. R. , Hulscher Jan B. F. , Keyzer-Dekker Claudia M. G. , Krug Egbert , de Ridder Victor A. , Spanjersberg W. Richard , Teeuw Arianne H. , Theeuwes Hilco P. , de Vries Selena , de Wit Ralph , van Rijn Rick R. ,   The FurAHA study group, de Boer Anne , Edelenbos Esther , Goslings J. Carel , van Sommeren Lia P. G. W. , Toor Annelies , Verburg Jasmijn J. M. , Affourtit Marjo , van Ditshuizen Jan C. , Wijnen Rene M. H. , Kempink Dagmar R. J. , Bessems Johannes H. J. M. , Hagenaars Tjebbe , Hartog Dennis den , Jansen M. A. C. , Greeven A. P. A. , Kanters Floris E. P. , Aalbers-Hiemstra Annemieke , Mulder Arnaud , Smiers Frans , Hartendorf Rina C. , Fiddelers Audrey A. A. , Levelink Birgit , Poeze Martijn , de Blaauw Ivo , Tromp Tjarda N. , Beuker Benn , Reininga Inge , Wendt Klaus , Aspers-Wolters Stasja J. G. , van de Putte Elise M. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background

The prevalence of inflicted femur fractures in young children varies (1.5–35.2%), but these data are based on small retrospective studies with high heterogeneity. Age and mobility of the child seem to be indicators of inflicted trauma.

Objective
This study describes other factors associated with inflicted and neglectful trauma that can be used to distinguish inflicted and neglectful from accidental femur fractures.

Materials and methods

This retrospective study included children (0–6 years) who presented with an isolated femur fracture at 1 of the 11 level I trauma centers in the Netherlands between January 2010 and January 2016. Outcomes were classified based on the conclusions of the Child Abuse and Neglect teams or the court. Cases in which conclusions were unavailable and there was no clear accidental cause were reviewed by an expert panel.

Results
The study included 328 children; 295 (89.9%) cases were classified as accidental trauma. Inflicted trauma was found in 14 (4.3%), while 19 (5.8%) were cases of neglect. Indicators of inflicted trauma were age 0–5 months (29%, positive likelihood ratio [LR +] 8.35), 6–12 months (18%, LR + 5.98) and 18–23 months (14%, LR + 3.74). Indicators of neglect were age 6–11 months (18%, LR + 4.41) and age 18–23 months (8%, LR + 1.65). There was no difference in fracture morphology among groups.

Conclusion
It is unlikely that an isolated femur fracture in ambulatory children age > 24 months is caused by inflicted trauma/neglect. Caution is advised in children younger than 24 months because that age is the main factor associated with inflicted trauma/neglect and inflicted femur fractures.
Moving beyond radiographic alignment: applying the Wald Principles in the adoption of robotic total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Lonner Jess H. , Goh Graham S. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The use of robotics in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is growing at an exponential rate. Despite the improved accuracy and reproducibility of robotic-assisted TKA, consistent clinical benefits have yet to be determined, with most studies showing comparable functional outcomes and survivorship between robotic and conventional techniques. Given the success and durability of conventional TKA, measurable improvements in these outcomes with robotic assistance may be difficult to prove. Efforts to optimize component alignment within two degrees of neutral may be an attainable but misguided goal. Applying the “Wald Principles” of rationalization, it is possible that robotic technology may still prove beneficial, even when equivalent clinical outcomes as conventional methods, if we look beyond the obvious surrogate measures of success. Robotic systems may help to reduce inventory, streamline surgical trays, enhance workflows and surgical efficiency, optimize soft tissue balancing, improve surgeon ergonomics, and integrate artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms into a broader digital ecosystem. This article explores these less obvious alternative benefits of robotic surgery in the field of TKA.
Synovial calprotectin is a reliable biomarker for periprosthetic joint infections in acute-phase inflammation — a prospective cohort study
Authors: Lazic Igor , Prodinger Peter , Stephan Maximilian , Haug Alexander T. , Pohlig Florian , Langer Severin , von Eisenhart-Rothe Rüdiger , Suren Christian 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPurposeDiagnosing periprosthetic joint infections (PJI) are challenging and may be hampered by the presence of other causes of local inflammation. Conventional synovial and serum markers are not reliable under these circumstances. Synovial calprotectin has been recently shown as a promising biomarker for PJI in total hip (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The aim of this study is to investigate if calprotectin is reliable for PJI diagnosis in cases with accompanying inflammation due to recent surgery, dislocation or implant breakage in primary and revision TKA and THA.MethodsThirty-three patients were included in this prospective study between July 2019 and October 2021 (17 patients undergoing surgery < 9 months, 11 dislocations, five implant breakage, respectively). Synovial white blood cell count (WBC), percentage of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMC), serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and synovial calprotectin, using a lateral-flow-assay, were analysed. These parameters were tested against a modified European-Bone-and-Joint-Infection-Society (EBJIS) definition with adjusted thresholds to account for the local inflammation. Statistic quality criteria were calculated and compared using a binary classification test.ResultsSeventeen patients were classified as confirmed infections according to the modified EBJIS definition (13 THA and 4 TKA). The calprotectin assay yielded a sensitivity of 0.88 (0.64, 0.99), a specificity of 0.81 (0.54, 0.96), a positive predictive value (PPV) of 0.83 (0.59, 0.96) and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 0.87 (0.60, 0.98).ConclusionsEven in the presence of local inflammation due to other, non-infectious causes, calprotectin is a reliable diagnostic parameter for the detection of a PJI in primary and revision THA and TKA.
A stratified transect approach captures reef complexity with canopy-forming organisms
Authors: Smith Hillary A. , Boström-Einarsson Lisa , Bourne David G. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOn the Great Barrier Reef (GBR), persistent changes to reef communities have begun to be documented, and on inshore reefs these shifts may favour the proliferation of macroalgae. Critical to understanding changes to reef community structure in response to anthropogenic impacts is developing effective methods to accurately document the abundance of different reef organisms. Effective monitoring must be time and cost efficient, replicable, and able to sufficiently and accurately detect disturbances to allow development of strategies to mitigate their impacts. Traditional techniques to document coral reef communities (i.e. photo-quadrats, benthic intercept transects) rely on planar views, which tend to either over- or under-represent canopy-forming organisms. As canopy-forming organisms are likely to be affected by anthropogenic influences (corals negatively, algae positively), it is essential for monitoring programs to implement methods sufficient to document changes to the vertical dimension of coral reefs. Here we build on previous work to document the canopy effect in coral-dominated ecosystems and propose a new survey approach suitable for implementation in algal-dominated systems. A vertically stratified transect, modified from a traditional point intercept transect, captures benthic and canopy-forming members of reef communities and provides information on three-dimensional complexity. To test the capability of the new method to detect changes in vertical reef structure, seaweed was removed from experimental quadrats and monitoring techniques were applied before and after four months of regrowth. A stratified method more accurately captured the three-dimensional change resulting from algal canopy growth, while resolving the over- and under-representation of algal biomass in two traditional techniques. We propose that a stratified transect method improves abundance estimates of canopy-forming organisms whilst maintaining data compatibility with traditional methods.
Autologous replacement of the head of the radius—proximal fibula versus second metatarsal base: an anatomic feasibility study
Authors: Farr Sebastian , Augustin Julian , Röhrich Sebastian , Felbermeier Martina , Hirtler Lena 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Introduction
This study investigated the anatomic feasibility of a new surgical therapy option for radial head arthrosis using an autologous vascularized bone graft of the second metatarsal and proximal fibula to recreate the proximal radiohumeral joint.

Materials and methods
Upper and lower extremities of eleven body donors were evaluated using CT prior to anatomic dissection. Several distinct anatomic parameters were measured on the ipsi- and contralateral radial and fibular head and the second metatarsal base: bone diameter, articular surface diameter, head height, metaphyseal (neck) diameter, articular surface radius, total articular surface area, and angulation of the articular surfaces (facet). Each dissection phase was photographed in a standardized fashion and all measurements were repeated by direct caliper-measurements.

Results
When comparing the proximal radius and fibula to search for anatomic similarities, similar values were found in the maximum articular surface diameter and minimum and maximum measures of the neck diameter. Comparing the proximal radius and the second metatarsal, statistically similar values were found in the maximum neck diameter performing direct measurements and CT evaluation, the maximum head diameter in CT evaluation and the articular facet angulation.

Conclusions
Neither the proximal fibula nor the base of the second metatarsal are ideal bone grafts for replacement of the head of the radius. The base of the second metatarsal might be a bit more suitable as a potential donor since the angulation of the proximal articular facet is similar to that of the radius.

Level of evidence
Level IV, anatomic study.
Livestock impacts on an iconic Namib Desert plant are mediated by abiotic conditions
Authors: Kerby Jeffrey T. , Krivak-Tetley Flora E. , Shikesho Saima D. , Bolger Douglas T. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractResolving the relative contributions of top-down versus bottom-up drivers of vegetation dynamics is a major challenge in drylands. In the coming decades, growing livestock populations and shifts in water availability will simultaneously impact many arid systems, but a lack of empirical data on plant responses to these pressures limits understanding of how plants will respond. Here, we combine ground and drone observations from an herbivore exclosure experiment to identify ungulate visitation patterns and their impacts on the cover and melon production of !nara (Acanthosicyos horridus), a large, long-lived desert plant in the hyper-arid Namib Desert. !Nara are of key ecological, social, and economic importance to Namib ecosystems and to the local Topnaar people. At our study site, we find that among native and domestic herbivores, free-ranging donkeys have the largest impact on !nara cover and melon production. !Nara cover was negatively affected by herbivores close to the desert-ephemeral river ecotone during a dry period, whereas !nara cover increased on all plants across the landscape during a wetter period, regardless of herbivore access. !Nara near the river channel and those protected from herbivores had more mature melons, particularly during the wetter period. At this site, the potential for conflict between Topnaar !nara melon harvesting and pastoral practices varies with a plant’s distance from the river and prevailing abiotic conditions. This work advances monitoring approaches and adds empirical support to the understanding that top-down and bottom-up regulation of plant dynamics varies with spatiotemporal context, even within landscapes.
A new method based on Taylor expansion and nearest-node strategy to impose Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions in ordinary state-based Peridynamics
Authors: Scabbia Francesco , Zaccariotto Mirco , Galvanetto Ugo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPeridynamics is a non-local continuum theory which is able to model discontinuities in the displacement field, such as crack initiation and propagation in solid bodies. However, the non-local nature of the theory generates an undesired stiffness fluctuation near the boundary of the bodies, phenomenon known as “surface effect”. Moreover, a standard method to impose the boundary conditions in a non-local model is not currently available. We analyze the entity of the surface effect in ordinary state-based peridynamics by employing an innovative numerical algorithm to compute the peridynamic stress tensor. In order to mitigate the surface effect and impose Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions in a peridynamic way, we introduce a layer of fictitious nodes around the body, the displacements of which are determined by multiple Taylor series expansions based on the nearest-node strategy. Several numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method.
The Sutureless Excimer Laser Anastomosis Clip Pilot Study: a feasibility and safety study
Authors: van der Zwan Albert , Gortzak Kiki , de Boer Bart , Redegeld Saskia , van Thoor Sander , Tulleken Cornelius 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
The excimer laser-assisted non-occlusive anastomosis (ELANA) bypass technique may have the advantage of its non-occlusive design in the treatment of last-resort cases where endovascular treatment or direct clipping is considered to be unsafe. However, the technique remains technically challenging. Therefore, a sutureless ELANA Clip device (SEcl) was developed to simplify the technique avoiding tedious anastomosis stitching in depth.
The present study investigates the clinical feasibility and safety of the SEcl technique.

Methods
Three patients with complex and large aneurysms in the anterior circulation were selected after multidisciplinary consensus that the aneurysms were too complex for endovascular or direct clipping treatment options. Bypass surgery was considered as a last-resort treatment option, and after preoperative evaluation and informed consent, SEcl bypass surgery was performed. Applicability, technical aspects and patient outcomes are assessed.

Results
All aneurysms were excluded from the circulation. The creation of the intracranial anastomosis was easier and faster. No device-related serious adverse events were encountered, and all outcomes were favorable (one patient stable Modified Rankin Scale, two patients improved).

Conclusion
The SEcl anastomosis technique is feasible and, considering the severity of the disease, relatively safe. It can be considered a treatment option in very difficult-to treat last-resort aneurysm cases. From this study, further developments in minimizing clip size and application in cardiac surgery are initiated.
Fabricatable axis: an approach for modelling customized fabrication machines
Authors: Fossdal Frikk H. , Heldal Rogardt , Dyvik Jens , Rutle Adrian 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDigital fabrication tools such as 3D printers, computer-numerically controlled (CNC) milling machines, and laser cutters are becoming increasingly available, ranging from consumer to industrial versions. Recent studies have shown that users, ranging from researchers, to industry professionals, to hobbyists, are interested in modifying and changing the inherit workflows these tools provide. As an answer to this, these users are increasingly modifying and customizing their machines by changing the work envelope, adding different end-effectors, and creating their own fabrication workflows in software. However, customizing, modifying and creating digital fabrication machines and the workflows they provide require extensive knowledge within multiple different engineering domains and is non-trivial. In this article we present a model-driven approach that enables users to expand their digital fabrication scope by providing a high-level tool that facilitates the customization of fabrication tools. We present The Farbicatable Axis, a model that enables users to create customized linear actuators. The model takes high-level input parameters such as length and gearing-parameters, and outputs a CAD model of a linear motion axis consisting of fabricatable parts. We then present how instances of the Fabricatable Axis can be combined and used to design and implement Fabricatable Machines.
Impact of Firefighting Sprays on the Fire Performance of Structural Steel Members
Authors: Janardhan Rahul Kallada , Shakil Saani , Hassinen Marko , Lu Wei , Puttonen Jari , Hostikka Simo 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The feasibility of coupled computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and finite element (FE) simulations to aid the planning of fire intervention tactics and the effectiveness of structural cooling during firefighting were investigated. Water sprays, generated using fire monitors, were characterized using bucket tests and the results were used for calibrating the CFD spray model. The cooling ability of the sprays was measured experimentally by applying them onto a fire exposed steel beam. The experimental results showed that water application produces a sudden drop in steel temperatures and after 10–15 s, no significant further reduction in temperature was observed. The CFD-FE coupling was performed using the adiabatic surface temperature method, extended here to include the cooling by water droplets. The coupled CFD-FE model was validated using the experimental data and applied to simulate the intervention to a developing warehouse fire, showing how an attempt to cool the structure reduces the temperatures but does not stall the fire-spread. In fact, the intervention -induced vapor generation was found to enhance the flow of hot gases and accelerate the fire-spread if the water resources are inadequate. Thermal and stress analyses of the cooled and uncooled truss beams were performed, showing how the spray cooling halted the truss mid-span deformation.
Teaching under lockdown: the change in the social practice of teaching
Authors: Kovacs Helena , Zufferey Jessica Dehler , Tormey Roland , Jermann Patrick 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Due to the unprecedented situation caused by a global pandemic, the traditional way of teaching that is reliant on face-to-face interaction between teachers and students has been dismantled. This article looks into university teachers’ experiences of teaching under lockdown, with an intention to understand what the change meant in terms of social practice. The research follows a qualitative design, in which ten university teachers were interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide. Three themes interwoven with a common thread were identified through teachers’ reflections, including displacement, routine, and role. The common thread was identified as the interaction between teachers and students, and analysing the quality of this interaction led to understanding the social kernel of teaching as embedded in social practice, suggesting that physical dislocation demands teachers to recreate meaning in the new situation. This change has been seen as difficult, yet unpacking teachers’ perceptions provided valuable lessons for the future.
Development of Numerical Model of the Thermal State of an Asteroid with Locally Rough Surface and Its Application
Authors: Senshu Hiroki , Sakatani Naoya , Morota Tomokatsu , Yokota Yasuhiro , Shimaki Yuri , Maximilian Hamm , Tanaka Satoshi , Okada Tatsuaki , Arai Takehiko , Takeuchi Hiroshi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe present a numerical method for simulating a disk-resolved thermal image of an asteroid with small-scale roughness. In our method, we carry out numerical thermal evolution model of a small but rough area taking into account its latitude, shadowing effect, and re-absorption of the thermal radiation by neighbor. By visualization of the resulting temperature distribution for an observation direction, we obtain the thermal flux from the area as a function of the observation direction. Then thermal image of an asteroid with random topography is constructed. The resulting daytime temperature evolution profile is different from the well-known parabolic shape due to the surface roughness, implying that the daytime temperature evolution profile is a diagnostic to evaluate the surface roughness. Although this model is inapplicable to a morphologically complex asteroid such as Itokawa, the target body of Hayabusa2, Ryugu is generally convex and suitable for application of our model. Furthermore, the study presents predictions of the location shift of Ryugu trajectory after one orbital rotation due to the thermal moment caused by the rebound force from thermally emitted photons known as the Yarkovsky effect. This model is thus verifiable by precise calculation of the ephemeris of Ryugu.
The Critical Value of Maternal and Child Health (MCH) to Graduate Training in Public Health: A Framework to Guide Education, Research and Practice
Authors: Deardorff Julianna , Tissue Michelle Menser , Elliott Patricia , Handler Arden , Vamos Cheryl , Bonilla Zobeida , Turchi Renee , Obeng Cecilia Sem , Liu Jihong , Grason Holly 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Introduction
In light of persistent health inequities, this commentary describes the critical role of maternal and child health (MCH) graduate training in schools and programs of public health (SPPH) and illustrates linkages between key components of MCH pedagogy and practice to 2021 CEPH competencies.

Methods
In 2018, a small working group of faculty from the HRSA/MCHB-funded Centers of Excellence (COEs) was convened to define the unique contributions of MCH to SPPH and to develop a framework using an iterative and consensus-driven process. The working group met 5 times and feedback was integrated from the broader faculty across the 13 COEs. The framework was further revised based on input from the MCHB/HRSA-funded MCH Public Health Catalyst Programs and was presented to senior MCHB leaders in October 2019.

Results
We developed a framework that underscores the critical value of MCH to graduate training in public health and the alignment of core MCH training components with CEPH competencies, which are required of all SPPH for accreditation. This framework illustrates MCH contributions in education, research and evaluation, and practice, and underscores their collective foundation in the life course approach.

Conclusions
This new framework aims to enhance training for the next generation of public health leaders. It is intended to guide new, emerging, and expanding SPPH that may currently offer little or no MCH content. The framework invites further iteration, adaptation and customization to the range of diverse and emerging public health programs across the nation.