bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical characteristics and management of neurocysticercosis patients: a retrospective assessment of case reports from Europe
Authors: Stelzle Dominik , Abraham Annette , Kaminski Miriam , Schmidt Veronika , De Meijere Robert , Bustos Javier A , Garcia Hector Hugo , Sahu Priyadarshi Soumyaranjan , Bobić Branko , Cretu Carmen , Chiodini Peter , Dermauw Veronique , Devleesschauwer Brecht , Dorny Pierre , Fonseca Ana , Gabriël Sarah , Morales Maria Ángeles Gómez , Laranjo-González Minerva , Hoerauf Achim , Hunter Ewan , Jambou Ronan , Jurhar-Pavlova Maja , Reiter-Owona Ingrid , Sotiraki Smaragda , Trevisan Chiara , Vilhena Manuela , Walker Naomi F , Zammarchi Lorenzo , Winkler Andrea Sylvia 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectivesNeurocysticercosis (NCC) is a parasitic disease caused by the larval stage of the tapeworm Taenia solium. NCC mainly occurs in Africa, Latin America and South-East Asia and can cause a variety of clinical signs/symptoms. Although it is a rare disease in Europe, it should nonetheless be considered as a differential diagnosis. The aim of this study was to describe clinical characteristics and management of patients with NCC diagnosed and treated in Europe.MethodsWe conducted a systematic search of published and unpublished data on patients diagnosed with NCC in Europe (2000–2019) and extracted demographic, clinical and radiological information on each case, if available.ResultsOut of 293 identified NCC cases, 59% of patients presented initially with epileptic seizures (21% focal onset); 52% presented with headache and 54% had other neurological signs/symptoms. The majority of patients had a travel or migration history (76%), mostly from/to Latin America (38%), Africa (32%) or Asia (30%). Treatment varied largely depending on cyst location and number. The outcome was favorable in 90% of the cases.ConclusionsManagement of NCC in Europe varied considerably but often had a good outcome. Travel and migration to and from areas endemic for T. solium will likely result in continued low prevalence of NCC in Europe. Therefore, training and guidance of clinicians is recommended for optimal patient management.
A Case of Fatal Clostridium perfringens Sepsis with Massive Hemolysis in the Setting of a Coincidental Platelet Transfusion
Authors: Boyd Frank A , O’Leary Mandy F , Benson Kaaron , Baluch Aliyah 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A 62-year-old woman with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) died of shock and massive hemolysis shortly after receiving two platelet transfusions at a routine clinic visit. Subsequent investigation into what was initially believed to be an acute hemolytic transfusion reaction secondary to platelet transfusions revealed that the patient died of Clostridium perfringens sepsis leading to massive hemolysis. Further investigation ruled out bacterially-contaminated platelets since a patient blood sample from 2 days prior had Clostridium species. The unusual findings and management considerations for this oncology patient are reviewed and compared with previously reported cases of C. perfringens transfusion-transmitted infections. Oncology patients may be especially susceptible to unusual presentations involving unusual pathogens.
RAD@home citizen science discovery of an active galactic nucleus spewing a large unipolar radio bubble on to its merging companion galaxy
Authors: Hota Ananda , Dabhade Pratik , Vaddi Sravani , Konar Chiranjib , Pal Sabyasachi , Gulati Mamta , Stalin C S , Avinash Ck , Kumar Avinash , Rajoria Megha , Purohit Arundhati 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
Active galactic nucleus (AGN) feedback during galaxy merger has been the most favoured model to explain black hole–galaxy co-evolution. However, how the AGN-driven jet/wind/radiation is coupled with the gas of the merging galaxies, which leads to positive feedback, momentarily enhanced star formation, and subsequently negative feedback, a decline in star formation, is poorly understood. Only a few cases are known where the jet and companion galaxy interaction leads to minor off-axis distortions in the jets and enhanced star formation in the gas-rich minor companions. Here, we briefly report one extraordinary case, RAD12, discovered by RAD@home citizen science collaboratory, where for the first time a radio jet–driven bubble (∼ 137 kpc) is showing a symmetric reflection after hitting the incoming galaxy which is not a gas-rich minor but a gas-poor early-type galaxy in a major merger. Surprisingly, neither positive feedback nor any radio lobe on the counter jet side, if any, is detected. It is puzzling if RAD12 is a genuine one-sided jet or a case of radio lobe trapped, compressed and re-accelerated by shocks during the merger. This is the first imaging study of RAD12 presenting follow-up with the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope, archival MeerKAT radio data and Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope optical data.
Mazama gouazoubira(Cetartiodactyla: Cervidae)
Authors: Silva-Caballero Adrián , Ortega Jorge 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMazama gouazoubira (Fischer [von Waldheim], 1814) is an ungulate commonly called gray brocket deer. Six morphological forms have been described, but it is currently considered as monotypic. It is a widespread medium-sized cervid, sexually dimorphic with males having antlers. The geographic distribution of M. gouazoubira extends from the southern Amazon region to northern Argentina and Uruguay and stretches from east of the dry Andean range in Argentina and Bolivia, to the Atlantic Coast. It is the most abundant species of brocket deer in South America. Habitat loss and hunting are considered the major threats and it is listed as “Least Concern” (LC) by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
Olivines and Their Melt Inclusions in Potassic Volcanic Rocks Record Mantle Heterogeneity beneath the Southern Tibet
Authors: Zhou Jin-Sheng , Huang Cheng-Cheng , Wang Qiang , Ren Zhong-Yuan , Ma Lin , Hao Lu-Lu , Zhang Le 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Constraints on mantle heterogeneity are important for understanding geochemical differentiation and recycling in Earth’s interior. Alkali basalts are of particular interest in this context due to the clear signatures of recycled components that they yield. Previous studies have focused more on oceanic basalts than on continental mafic rocks because the chemical and isotopic characteristics of the latter are often modified by crustal contamination; however, high-forsterite olivine crystals and olivine-hosted melt inclusions may record the compositions of primitive melts before extensive crustal contamination, providing valuable insights into mantle heterogeneity. Here we report the results of high-precision major-, minor-, and trace-element and Pb isotope analyses of olivine phenocrysts and melt inclusions from the Sailipu potassic alkali basalts from southern Tibet, which constrain the mantle source of continental potassic alkali basalts. The minor- and trace-element compositions of the olivine phenocrysts (e.g. Ni and Ca contents and 100 × Mn/Fe, 10 000 × Zn/Fe, and Ni/Co ratios) suggest that the primary magmas were derived from a phlogopite-bearing pyroxenite source in which peridotite residues were also present. The low- and high-Li contents of the olivine phenocrysts suggest the recycling of continental crustal material in their mantle source. Comparing the major-element compositions (e.g. SiO2, TiO2, Al2O3, MnO, CaO, and Na2O contents), FCMS and FCKANTMS parameters, and pseudo-ternary projections of the primary Sailipu magmas with experimental data suggests that the primary magmas were partial melts of olivine-poor or carbonated olivine-poor lithologies with a small amount of peridotite residue. The negative Nb and Ta and positive Pb anomalies seen in primitive mantle-normalized trace-element patterns and the extremely low Nb/U ratios of the melt inclusions suggest that recycling of continental crust was the main process involved in enriching the mantle source of the Sailipu magmas. The heterogeneous Pb isotopic compositions of the melt inclusions (208Pb/206Pb = 2.089 – 2.158; 207Pb/206Pb = 0.851 – 0.858) are consistent with the presence of peridotite residue in this source. The subduction of Indian continental crust introduced enriched material (including carbonatites) into the mantle.
Rapid eye movement sleep duration during the multiple sleep latency test to diagnose hypocretin-deficient narcolepsy
Authors: Lopez Régis , Barateau Lucie , Laura Rassu Anna , Evangelista Elisa , Chenini Sofiene , Scholz Sabine , Jaussent Isabelle , Dauvilliers Yves 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Study Objectives
To assess the performances of alternative measures of the multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) to identify hypocretin-deficiency in patients with a complaint of hypersomnolence, including patients with narcolepsy.

Methods
MSLT parameters from 374 drug-free patients with hypersomnolence, with complete clinical and polysomnographic (PSG) assessment and cerebrospinal hypocretin-1 measurement were collected. Conventional (sleep latency, number of sleep onset REM—SOREM—periods) and alternative (sleep duration, REM sleep latency and duration, sleep stage transitions) MSLT measures were compared as function of hypocretin-1 levels (≤110 vs &gt; 110 pg/mL). We performed receiver-operating characteristics analyses to determine the best thresholds of MSLT parameters to identify hypocretin-deficiency in the global population and in subgroups of patients with narcolepsy (i.e. typical cataplexy and/or positive PSG/MSLT criteria, n = 223).

Results
Patients with hypocretin-deficiency had shorter mean sleep and REM sleep latencies, longer mean sleep and REM sleep durations and more direct REM sleep transitions during the MSLT. The current standards of MSLT/PSG criteria identified hypocretin-deficient patients with a sensitivity of 0.87 and a specificity of 0.69, and 0.81/0.99 when combined with cataplexy. A mean REM sleep duration ≥ 4.1 min best identified hypocretin-deficiency in patients with hypersomnolence (AUC = 0.932, sensitivity 0.87, specificity 0.86) and ≥ 5.7 min in patients with narcolepsy (AUC = 0.832, sensitivity 0.77, specificity 0.82).

Conclusion
Compared to the current neurophysiological standard criteria, alternative MSLT parameters would better identify hypocretin-deficiency among patients with hypersomnolence and those with narcolepsy. We highlighted daytime REM sleep duration as a relevant neurophysiological biomarker of hypocretin-deficiency to be used in clinical and research settings.
Sleep variability over a 2-week period is associated with restfulness and intrinsic limbic network connectivity in adolescents
Authors: Baker Amanda E , Tashjian Sarah M , Goldenberg Diane , Galván Adriana 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Study Objectives
Sleep duration and intraindividual variability in sleep duration undergo substantial changes in adolescence and impact brain and behavioral functioning. Although experimental work has linked acute sleep deprivation to heightened limbic responding and reduced regulatory control, there is limited understanding of how variability in sleep patterns might interact with sleep duration to influence adolescent functioning. This is important for optimal balancing of length and consistency of sleep. Here, we investigated how objective indices of sleep duration and variability relate to stress, restfulness, and intrinsic limbic network functioning in adolescents.

Methods
A sample of 101 adolescents ages 14–18 reported their stressors, after which they wore wrist actigraph watches to monitor their sleep and rated their restfulness every morning over a 2-week period. They also completed a resting-state fMRI scan.

Results
Adolescents reporting more stress experienced shorter sleep duration and greater sleep variability over the 2-week period. Longer nightly sleep duration was linked to feeling more rested the next morning, but this effect was reduced in adolescents with high cumulative sleep variability. Sleep variability showed both linear and quadratic effects on limbic connectivity: adolescents with high sleep variability exhibited more connectivity within the limbic network and less connectivity between the limbic and frontoparietal networks than their peers, effects which became stronger once variability exceeded an hour.

Conclusions
Results suggest that cumulative sleep variability is related to stress and limbic network connectivity and shows interactive effects with sleep duration, highlighting the importance of balancing length and consistency of sleep for optimal functioning in adolescence.
Crocin averts functional and structural rat hepatic disturbances induced by copper oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Yousef Doaa Mohammed , Hassan Heba Ahmed , Nafea Ola Elsayed , El Fattah Eman Ramadan Abd 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundExposure to nanoparticles became inevitable in our daily life due to their huge industrial uses. Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) are one of the most frequently utilized metal nanoparticles in numerous applications. Crocin (CRO) is a major active constituent in saffron having anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potentials.ObjectivesWe designed this study to explore the probable defensive role of CRO against CuONPs-induced rat hepatic damage.Materials and methodsTherefore, 24 adult rats were randomly distributed into 4 equal groups as negative control, CRO, CuONPs, and co-treated CuONPs with CRO groups. All treatments were administered for 14 days. The hepatotoxic effect of CuONPs was evaluated by estimation of hepatic alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase enzymes, hepatic oxidative malondialdehyde and antioxidant glutathione reduced, serum levels of inflammatory biomarkers (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1-beta, and nuclear factor kappa B), and expression of the apoptotic BAX in hepatic tissues; in addition, histopathological examination of the hepatic tissues was conducted.ResultsWe found that concurrent CRO supplement to CuONPs-treated rats significantly averted functional and structural rat hepatic damage as documented by decreased hepatic enzymes activities, restored hepatic oxidant/antioxidant balance, decreased serum levels of inflammatory biomarkers, reversed BAX-mediated apoptotic cell death in hepatic tissues along with repair of CuONPs-induced massive hepatic structural and ultrastructural alterations.ConclusionsIt is concluded that combined CRO supplement to CuONPs-treated rats improved hepatic function and structure by, at least in part, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic mechanisms.
The Clinical Microsystems Clerkship at University of California, San Francisco: Integrating Clinical Skills and Health Systems Improvement for Early Medical Students
Authors: Chang Anna , Pierluissi Edgar , Cornes Susannah , Ishizaki Allison , Teherani Arianne , Davis John A. , Hauer Karen E. , Lucey Catherine R. 
Published: October 2022

Problem
Medical educators recognize that partnering actively with health system leaders closes significant health care experience, quality, and outcomes gaps. Medical schools have explored innovations training physicians to care for both individual patients and populations while improving systems of care. Yet, early medical student education fails to include systems improvement as foundational skills. When health systems science is taught, it is often separated from core clinical skills.

Approach
The Clinical Microsystems Clerkship at the University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, launched in 2016, integrates clinical skills training with health systems improvement from the start of medical school. Guided by communities of practice and workplace learning principles, it embeds first-year and second-year students in longitudinal clinical microsystems with physician coaches and interprofessional clinicians one day per week. Students learn medical history, physical examination, patient communication, interprofessional teamwork, and health systems improvement. Assessments include standardized patient examinations and improvement project reports. Program outcome measures include student satisfaction and attitudes, clinical skills performance, and evidence of systems improvement learning, including dissemination and scholarship.

Outcomes
Students reported high satisfaction (first-year, 4.10; second-year, 4.29, on a scale of 1–5) and value (4.14) in their development as physicians. Clinical skills assessment accuracy was high (70%–96%). Guided by interprofessional clinicians across 15 departments, students completed 258 improvement projects in 3 health systems (academic, safety net, Veterans Affairs). Sample projects reduced disparities in hypertension, improved opiate safety, and decreased readmissions. Graduating students reported both clinical skills and health systems knowledge as important to physician success, patient experience, and clinical outcomes (4.73). Most graduates discussed their projects in residency applications (85%) and disseminated related papers and presentations (54%).

Next Steps
Integrating systems improvement, interprofessional teamwork, and clinical skills training can redefine early medical student education. Health system perspectives, long-term outcomes, and sustainability merit further exploration.
Virtual Communication Across Differences: Development of a Workshop on Managing Patient Bias
Authors: Zewdie Monica , Duval Margaret , Liu Chang , Bachman Sharon L. , Moore L. Gordon , Mohess Denise , Kapadia Muneera R. , Dort Jonathan , Newcomb Anna B. 
Published: October 2022

Problem
Despite the prevalence and detrimental effects of racial discrimination in American society and its health care systems, few medical schools have designed and implemented curricula to prepare medical students to respond to patient bias and racism.

Approach
During the summer of 2020, a virtual communication class was designed that focused on training medical students in how to respond to patient bias and racism. Following brief didactics at the start of the session, students practiced scenarios with actors in small groups and received direct feedback from faculty. For each scenario, students were instructed to briefly gather a patient’s history and schedule an appointment with the attending whose name triggered the patient to request an “American” provider. In one scenario, the patient’s request was motivated by untreated hearing loss and difficulty understanding accents. In another, it was motivated by racist views toward foreign physicians. Students were to use motivational interviewing (MI) to uncover the reasoning behind the request and respond appropriately. Students assessed their presession and postsession confidence on 5 learning objectives that reflect successful communication modeled after MI techniques.

Outcomes
Following the session, student skills confidence increased in exploring intentions and beliefs (P = .026), navigating a conversation with a patient exhibiting bias (P = .019) and using nonverbal skills to demonstrate empathy (P = .031). Several students noted that this was their first exposure to the topic in a medical school course and first opportunity to practice these skills under supervision.

Next Steps
The experience designing and implementing this module preparing students in responding to patient bias and racism suggests that such an effort is feasible, affordable, and effective. With the clear need for such a program and positive impact on student confidence navigating these discussions, including such training in medical school programs appears feasible and is strongly encouraged.
Heterogeneity in Disparities in Life Expectancy Across US Metropolitan Areas
Authors: Schnake-Mahl Alina S. , Mullachery Pricila H. , Purtle Jonathan , Li Ran , Diez Roux Ana V. , Bilal Usama 
Published: October 2022

Background:
Life expectancy in the United States has declined since 2014 but characterization of disparities within and across metropolitan areas of the country is lacking.

Methods:
Using census tract-level life expectancy from the 2010 to 2015 US Small-area Life Expectancy Estimates Project, we calculate 10 measures of total and income-based disparities in life expectancy at birth, age 25, and age 65 within and across 377 metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) of the United States.

Results:
We found wide heterogeneity in disparities in life expectancy at birth across MSAs and regions: MSAs in the West show the narrowest disparities (absolute disparity: 8.7 years, relative disparity: 1.1), while MSAs in the South (absolute disparity: 9.1 years, relative disparity: 1.1) and Midwest (absolute disparity: 9.8 years, relative disparity: 1.1) have the widest life expectancy disparities. We also observed greater variability in life expectancy across MSAs for lower income census tracts (coefficient of variation [CoV] 3.7 for first vs. tenth decile of income) than for higher income census tracts (CoV 2.3). Finally, we found that a series of MSA-level variables, including larger MSAs and greater proportion college graduates, predicted wider life expectancy disparities for all age groups.

Conclusions:
Sociodemographic and policy factors likely help explain variation in life expectancy disparities within and across metro areas.
Baseline 10-2 Visual Field Loss as a Predictor for Future Glaucoma Progression
Authors: Sullivan-Mee Michael , Kimura Bryan , Kee Helen , Hedayat Mahdi , Charry Nicole , Katiyar Suchitra , Pensyl Denise , Qualls Clifford 
Published: October 2022

Précis:
Presence of baseline 10-2 visual field (VF) loss was the strongest predictor of future rate of 24-2 VF loss and development of new 24-2 progression events, suggesting a role for 10-2 VF testing in baseline glaucoma risk analysis.

Purpose:
The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between baseline 10-2 VF loss and future 24-2 VF loss.

Materials and Methods:
Subjects were participating in a prospective longitudinal study within a VA Medical Center outpatient eye clinic. Eligibility required 2 good quality baseline 10-2 VF tests followed by a minimum of 5 good quality 24-2 VF tests over at least 3 years. Longitudinal 24-2 VF testing was completed every 4–6 months after baseline 10-2 testing. Mixed model regression analyses and Cox Proportional Hazard regression analyses were completed to identify predictors of 24-2 mean deviation change rate and new VF loss events.

Results:
We studied 394 eyes of 202 subjects (119 primary open angle glaucoma and 83 glaucoma suspect). Over 6.7 (±1.5) years, 9.9 (±2.3) good quality 24-2 VF tests were completed. In mixed model regression analyses, baseline variables that predicted faster rate of 24-2 VF loss in order of strength of association were presence of baseline 10-2 VF defect, lower 24-2 mean deviation, and higher age. When analyses were completed without 10-2 variables, predictive capability of the model was reduced compared with when 10-2 variables were included. In Cox Proportional Regression analyses evaluating progression events, baseline 10-2 VF defect demonstrated the largest hazard ratio (22 times greater risk for developing future VF loss event in eyes with vs. without baseline 10-2 VF loss).

Conclusions:
Baseline 10-2 VF defect was the most effective predictor of subsequent 24-2 VF progression in this study. These findings imply that presence of baseline 10-2 VF loss may provide unique value for predicting future glaucoma progression.