bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oral clonidine as a pre‐anesthetic medication in hair transplantation surgery—A pilot study
Authors: Mysore Venkataram , Muniswamy Shivshankar , Chathra Namitha , Venkataram Jayashree 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundHair transplantation (HT) is a safe and rewarding procedure for a patient as well as the surgeon. Clonidine may be a good adjuvant in HT because of its analgesic, anxiolytic, and sedative effects.ObjectiveTo study efficacy of Clonidine as a preoperative medication in HT.Methods & MaterialsThe study was a prospective trial of 46 consecutive patients who underwent HT between January and May 2017. Patients with normal vital parameters on arrival were given Tab clonidine (0.1 mg) 30 min before starting of the procedure [Clonidine group (n = 30)]; rest were included in the control group (n = 16). Vitals were monitored every 30 min during surgery until the end. Patients were assessed for pain, level of sedation during surgery and for postoperative analgesia.ResultAll patients who received clonidine, except one, were comfortable and experienced no pain throughout the duration of surgery; nine went into deep sleep. Of the 16 patients in the control group, no patients reported deep sleep, 3 felt restless, and 4 had mild pain. There were no untoward effects in both groups.ConclusionOur study suggests that clonidine is useful as a pre‐anesthetic medication in HT. However, this is a pilot study and further larger studies are needed.
Risk factors of striae gravidarum and chloasma melasma and their effects on quality of life
Authors: Türkmen Hülya , Yörük Selda 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study aims to determine the risk factors associated with striae gravidarum (SG) and chloasma melasma (CM) and their effects on the quality of life.MethodsThis descriptive and cross‐sectional study was carried out in Turkey with 1000 pregnant women at 36 weeks of gestation and above. Personal information form, Quality of Life (SF36) Scale, Skindex‐29 Scale, and MelasQoL‐TR questionnaire were applied to pregnant women. Besides, skin types of pregnant women were determined using Fitzpatrick Skin Type Classification. Davey's score was used to determine the severity of SG.ResultsIn the study, the prevalence of SG was found as 67.9% (n = 679), and the prevalence of CM 23.5% (n = 235). There was a significant relationship between young age, low education level, high BMI before pregnancy, history of SG in her previous pregnancy, family history of SG, and development of SG in pregnant women (p = 0.001). There was a significant relationship between CM in her previous pregnancy and family history of CM and development of CM (p = 0.001). The quality of life of pregnant women with SG was found to be lower than without SG (p < 0.001). The quality of life of pregnant women with CM was found to be lower than without CM (p < 0.001).ConclusionsAs a result, in the study, it was determined that young age, low education level, high BMI, history of SG in previous pregnancy, and family history of SG were risk factors for SG. The risk factors of CM, on the other hand, were found as the history of CM in the previous pregnancy and the family. It was identified that SG and CM have adverse effects on the quality of life.
Registered nurses’ reasoning process during care planning and documentation in the electronic health records: A concurrent think‐aloud study
Authors: Laukvik Lene Baagøe , Rotegård Ann Kristin , Lyngstad Merete , Slettebø Åshild , Fossum Mariann 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAims and objectivesTo explore the clinical reasoning process of experienced registered nurses during care planning and documentation of nursing in the electronic health records of residents in long‐term dementia care.BackgroundClinical reasoning is an essential element in nursing practice. Registered nurses’ clinical reasoning process during the documentation of nursing care in electronic health records has received little attention in nursing literature. Further research is needed to understand registered nurses’ clinical reasoning, especially for care planning and documentation of dementia care due to its complexity and a large amount of information collected.DesignA qualitative explorative design was used with a concurrent think‐aloud technique.MethodsThe transcribed verbalisations were analysed using protocol analysis with referring phrase, assertional and script analyses. Data were collected over ten months in 2019–2020 from 12 registered nurses in three nursing homes offering special dementia care. The COREQ checklist for qualitative studies was used.ResultsThe nurses primarily focused on assessments and interventions during documentation. Most registered nurses used their experience and heuristics when reasoning about the residents’ current health and well‐being. They also used logical thinking or followed local practice rules when reasoning about planned or implemented interventions.ConclusionThe registered nurses moved back and forth among all the elements in the nursing process. They used a variety of clinical reasoning attributes during care planning and nursing documentation. The most used clinical reasoning attributes were information processing, cognition and inference. The most focused information was planned and implemented interventions.Relevance to clinical practiceKnowledge of the clinical reasoning process of registered nurses during care planning and documentation should be used in developing electronic health record systems that support the workflow of registered nurses and enhance their ability to disseminate relevant information.
Selective inhibition of cyclooxygenase‐2 by enflicoxib, its enantiomers and its main metabolites in vitro in canine blood
Authors: Solà Josep , Menargues Àngel , Homedes Josep , Salichs Marta , Álvarez Inés , Romero Luz , Vela José Miguel 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEnflicoxib is approved for the treatment of pain and inflammation in canine osteoarthritis. The objective of this work was to assess the mechanistic basis of enflicoxib therapy investigating the COX inhibitory activity of enflicoxib (racemate), its enantiomers and its main metabolites using the canine whole blood assay. The (R)‐(+)‐Enflicoxib enantiomer and metabolite M8 (hydroxylated pyrazoline) did not induce significant COX inhibition. Enflicoxib and its (S)‐(‐)‐Enflicoxib enantiomer inhibited COX‐1 and COX‐2 with variable degree of preferential isoform inhibition, but no significant therapeutic effect is anticipated in vivo. The pyrazol metabolite showed the highest COX‐2 inhibition and was the most selective (IC50 COX‐1/ COX‐2 ratio: 19.45). As the pyrazol metabolite shows saturable binding to red blood cells, its in vivo concentrations in plasma are lower than in whole blood. Accordingly, when applying the red blood cell partitioning, the respective IC50 and IC80 for COX‐2 inhibition decreased from 2.8 µM (1129 ng/ml) and 13.4 µM (5404 ng/ml) to 0.2 µM (80.7 ng/ml) and 1.2 µM (484 ng/ml) and the selectivity ratio increased to close to 55. The corrected pyrazol metabolite IC50 and IC80 are well within the plasma levels described in treated dogs.
Blaubeuren, Cloppenburg, and Machtenstein—Three recently recognized H‐group chondrite finds in Germany with distinct terrestrial ages and weathering effects
Authors: Bischoff Addi , Storz Jakob , Barrat Jean‐Alix , Heinlein Dieter , Jull A. J. Timothy , Merchel Silke , Pack Andreas , Rugel Georg 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn the last 7 years, three meteorites (Blaubeuren, Cloppenburg, and Machtenstein) found in Germany were identified as chondrites. Two of these rocks had been recovered from the impact sites decades ago but were not considered to be meteorites. The aim of this study is to fully characterize these three meteorites. Based on the compositional data on the silicates, namely olivine and low‐Ca pyroxene, these meteorites fit nicely within the H‐group ordinary chondrites. The brecciated texture of Blaubeuren and Cloppenburg (both H4‐5) is perfectly visible, whereas that of Machtenstein, officially classified as an H5 chondrite, is less obvious but was detected and described in this study. Considering chondrites in general, brecciated rocks are very common rather than an exception. The bulk rock degree of shock is S2 for Blaubeuren and Machtenstein and S3 for Cloppenburg. All samples show significant features of weathering. They have lost their original fusion crust and more than half (W3) or about half (W2‐3) of their original metal abundances. The oxygen isotope compositions of the three chondrites are consistent with those of other H chondrites; however, the Cloppenburg values are heavily disturbed and influenced by terrestrial weathering. This is supported by the occurrence of the very rare hydrated iron phosphate mineral vivianite (Fe2+Fe2+2[PO4]2·8H2O), which indicates that the chondrite was weathered in a very wet environment. The terrestrial ages of Blaubeuren (~9.2 ka), Cloppenburg (~5.4 ka), and Machtenstein (~1.8 ka) show that these chondrites are very similar in their degree of alteration and terrestrial age compared to meteorite finds from relatively wet terrestrial environments. They still contain abundant metal, although, as noted, the oxygen isotope data indicate substantial weathering of Cloppenburg. The bulk compositions of the three meteorites are typical for H chondrites, although terrestrial alteration has slightly modified the concentrations, leading in general to a loss of Fe, Co, and Ni due to preferential alteration of metals and sulfides. As exceptions, Co and Ni concentrations in Machtenstein, which has the shortest terrestrial age, are typical for H chondrites. The chemical data show no enrichments in Ba and Sr, as is often observed in different meteorite groups of desert finds.
The other side of tropical forest drought: do shallow water table regions of Amazonia act as large‐scale hydrological refugia from drought?
Authors: Costa Flavia R. C. , Schietti Juliana , Stark Scott C. , Smith Marielle N. 
Published: January 2022

SummaryTropical forest function is of global significance to climate change responses, and critically determined by water availability patterns. Groundwater is tightly related to soil water through the water table depth (WT), but historically neglected in ecological studies. Shallow WT forests (WT < 5 m) are underrepresented in forest research networks and absent in eddy flux measurements, although they represent c. 50% of the Amazon and are expected to respond differently to global‐change‐related droughts. We review WT patterns and consequences for plants, emerging results, and advance a conceptual model integrating environment and trait distributions to predict climate change effects. Shallow WT forests have a distinct species composition, with more resource‐acquisitive and hydrologically vulnerable trees, shorter canopies and lower biomass than deep WT forests. During ‘normal’ climatic years, shallow WT forests have higher mortality and lower productivity than deep WT forests, but during moderate droughts mortality is buffered and productivity increases. However, during severe drought, shallow WT forests may be more sensitive due to shallow roots and drought‐intolerant traits. Our evidence supports the hypothesis of neglected shallow WT forests being resilient to moderate drought, challenging the prevailing view of widespread negative effects of climate change on Amazonian forests that ignores WT gradients, but predicts they could collapse under very strong droughts.
A novel HD‐Zip I/C2H2‐ZFP/WD‐repeat complex regulates the size of spine base in cucumber
Authors: Yang Sen , Wang Yueling , Zhu Huayu , Zhang Minjuan , Wang Dengke , Xie Kuixi , Fan Pengfei , Dou Junling , Liu Dongming , Liu Bin , Chen Chunhua , Yan Yan , Zhao Lijun , Yang Luming 
Published: January 2022

Summary

Fruit spine is an important trait in cucumber, affecting not only commercial quality, but also fruit smoothness, transportation and storage. Spine size is determined by a multi‐cellular base. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of cucumber spine base remains largely unknown. Here, we report map‐based cloning and characterization of a spine base size 1 (SBS1) gene, encoding a C2H2 zinc‐finger transcription factor.

Near‐isogenic lines of cucumber were used to map, identify and quantify cucumber spine base size 1 (CsSBS1). Yeast‐hybrid, bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC), co‐immunoprecipitation (Co‐IP) and RNA‐sequencing assays were used to explore the molecular mechanism of CsSBS1 in regulating spine base size development.

CsSBS1 was specifically expressed in cucumber ovaries with particularly high expression in fruit spines. Overexpression of CsSBS1 resulted in large fruit spine base, while RNA‐interference silencing of CsSBS1 inhibited the expansion of fruit spine base. Sequence analysis of natural cucumber accessions revealed that CsSBS1 was lost in small spine base accessions, resulting from a 4895 bp fragment deletion in CsSBS1 locus. CsSBS1 can form a trimeric complex with two positive regulators CsTTG1 and CsGL1 to regulate spine base development through ethylene signaling.

A novel regulator network is proposed that the CsGL1/CsSBS1/CsTTG1 complex plays a significant role in regulating spine base formation and size, which offers a strategy for cucumber breeders to develop smooth fruit.
Epigenetic regulation of thermomorphogenesis and heat stress tolerance
Authors: Perrella Giorgio , Bäurle Isabel , van Zanten Martijn 
Published: January 2022

SummaryMany environmental conditions fluctuate and organisms need to respond effectively. This is especially true for temperature cues that can change in minutes to seasons and often follow a diurnal rhythm. Plants cannot migrate and most cannot regulate their temperature. Therefore, a broad array of responses have evolved to deal with temperature cues from freezing to heat stress. A particular response to mildly elevated temperatures is called thermomorphogenesis, a suite of morphological adaptations that includes thermonasty, formation of thin leaves and elongation growth of petioles and hypocotyl. Thermomorphogenesis allows for optimal performance in suboptimal temperature conditions by enhancing the cooling capacity. When temperatures rise further, heat stress tolerance mechanisms can be induced that enable the plant to survive the stressful temperature, which typically comprises cellular protection mechanisms and memory thereof. Induction of thermomorphogenesis, heat stress tolerance and stress memory depend on gene expression regulation, governed by diverse epigenetic processes. In this Tansley review we update on the current knowledge of epigenetic regulation of heat stress tolerance and elevated temperature signalling and response, with a focus on thermomorphogenesis regulation and heat stress memory. In particular we highlight the emerging role of H3K4 methylation marks in diverse temperature signalling pathways.
Root traits for low input agroecosystems in Africa: Lessons from three case studies
Authors: Ndoye Mame S. , Burridge James , Bhosale Rahul , Grondin Alexandre , Laplaze Laurent 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn many regions across Africa, agriculture is largely based on low‐input and small‐holder farming systems that use little inorganic fertilisers and have limited access to irrigation and mechanisation. Improving agricultural practices and developing new cultivars adapted to these environments, where production already suffers from climate change, is a major priority for food security. Here, we illustrate how breeding for specific root traits could improve crop resilience in Africa using three case studies covering very contrasting low‐input agroecosystems. We first review how greater basal root whorl number and longer and denser root hairs increased P acquisition efficiency and yield in common bean in South East Africa. We then discuss how water‐saving strategies, root hair density and deep root growth could be targeted to improve sorghum and pearl millet yield in West Africa. Finally, we evaluate how breeding for denser root systems in the topsoil and interactions with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi could be mobilised to optimise water‐saving alternate wetting and drying practices in West African rice agroecosystems. We conclude with a discussion on how to evaluate the utility of root traits and how to make root trait selection feasible for breeders so that improved varieties can be made available to farmers through participatory approaches.
High‐power gamma‐related delta phase alteration in schizophrenia patients at rest
Authors: Koshiyama Daisuke , Miyakoshi Makoto , Tanaka‐Koshiyama Kumiko , Sprock Joyce , Light Gregory A. 
Published: January 2022

AimInformation processing is supported by the cortico‐cortical transmission of neural oscillations across brain regions. Recent studies have demonstrated that the rhythmic firing of neural populations is not random but is governed by interactions with other frequency bands. Specifically, the amplitude of gamma‐band oscillations is associated with the phase of lower frequency oscillations in support of short and long‐range communications among networks. This cross‐frequency relation is thought to reflect the temporal coordination of neural communication. While schizophrenia patients show abnormal oscillatory responses across multiple frequencies at rest, it is unclear whether the functional relationships among frequency bands are intact. This study aimed to characterize the lower frequency (delta/theta, 1–8 Hz) phase and the amplitude of gamma oscillations in healthy subjects and schizophrenia patients at rest.MethodsLow frequency‐phase (delta‐ and theta‐ band) angles and gamma‐band amplitude relationships were assessed in 142 schizophrenia patients and 128 healthy subjects.ResultsSignificant low‐frequency phase alteration related to high‐power gamma was detected across broadly distributed scalp regions in both healthy subjects and patients. In patients, delta phase synchronization related to high‐power gamma was significantly decreased at the frontocentral, right middle temporal, and left temporoparietal electrodes but significantly increased at the left parietal electrode.ConclusionsHigh‐power gamma‐related delta phase alteration may reflect a core pathophysiologic abnormality in schizophrenia. Data‐driven measures of functional relationships among frequency bands may prove useful in the development of novel therapeutics. Future studies are needed to determine whether these alterations are specific to schizophrenia or appear in other neuropsychiatric patient populations.
Driving performance of euthymic outpatients with bipolar disorder undergoing real‐world pharmacotherapy
Authors: Yamaguchi Akiko , Iwamoto Kunihiro , Ando Masahiko , Fujita Kiyoshi , Yokoyama Motonori , Akiyama Tsuyoshi , Igarashi Yoshio , Ozaki Norio 
Published: January 2022

ObjectiveMedications for the treatment of bipolar disorder (BD) could affect patients' cognitive function. Patients with BD present with neurocognitive impairment even in a remission state. Little research is available on the daily functioning, especially driving performance, of stable outpatients with BD under pharmacological treatment.MethodsIn total, 58 euthymic outpatients with BD undergoing real‐world pharmacotherapy and 80 sex‐ and age‐matched healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled. Three driving tasks using a driving simulator—road‐tracking, car‐following, and harsh‐braking—and three cognitive tasks—Continuous Performance Test, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, and Trail‐Making Test—were evaluated. Symptom assessment scales—Young Mania Rating Scale, Structured Interview Guide for the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Beck Depression Inventory‐II, Social Adaptation Self‐evaluation Scale, and Stanford Sleepiness Scale—were also completed.ResultsCar‐following and road‐tracking performance were significantly impaired in patients with BD compared with HCs after adjusting for demographic variables, but these performances generally overlapped. Broad neurocognitive functions were significantly lower in the patients with BD compared to HCs, but car‐following performance was significantly negatively correlated with sustained attention only. Although most patients received multiple medications rather than monotherapy, no relationship between prescriptions and driving performance was found.ConclusionEuthymic patients with BD under steady‐state pharmacotherapy had impaired driving performance compared with HCs, but the overlapping distributions of driving performance suggested that driving performance is not always deteriorated in patients with BD. Therefore, attentional function may be a useful clinical feature for judging driving aptitude in patients with BD.
Pyramiding of γ‐TMT and gly I transgenes in Brassica juncea enhances salinity and drought stress tolerance
Authors: Kumar Deepak , Rajwanshi Ravi , Singh Preeti , Yusuf Mohd Aslam , Sarin Neera Bhalla 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe previously generated Brassica juncea lines overexpressing either glyoxalase I (gly I) or γ‐tocopherol methyltransferase (γ‐TMT) involved in the glyoxalase system and tocopherol biosynthesis, respectively. These transgenic plants showed tolerance to multiple abiotic stresses. As tolerance is a complex trait that can be improved by pyramiding of several characteristics in a single genotype, we generated in this study B. juncea plants coexpressing gly I and γ‐TMT by crossing the previously generated stable transgenic lines. The performance of the newly generated B. juncea lines coexpressing gly I and γ‐TMT was compared with that of wild‐type and the single transgenic lines under non‐stressed and NaCl and mannitol stress conditions. Our results show a more robust antioxidant response of B. juncea plants coexpressing gly I and γ‐TMT compared to the other lines in terms of higher chlorophyll retention, relative water content, antioxidant enzyme and proline levels, and photosynthetic efficiency and lower oxidative damage. The differences in response to the stress of the different lines were reflected in their yield parameters. Overall, we demonstrate that the pyramiding of multiple genes involved in antioxidant pathways could be a viable and useful approach for achieving higher abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants.
Trial‐wise exposure to visual emotional cues increases physiological arousal but not temporal discounting
Authors: Knauth Kilian , Peters Jan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHumans and many animals devalue future rewards as a function of time (temporal discounting). Increased discounting has been linked to various psychiatric conditions, including substance‐use‐disorders, behavioral addictions, and obesity. Despite its high intra‐individual stability, temporal discounting is partly under contextual control. One prominent manipulation that has been linked to increases in discounting is the exposure to highly arousing appetitive cues. However, results from trial‐wise cue exposure studies appear highly mixed, and changes in physiological arousal were not adequately controlled. Here we tested the effects of appetitive (erotic), aversive, and neutral visual cues on temporal discounting in 35 healthy male participants. The contribution of single‐trial physiological arousal was assessed using comprehensive monitoring of autonomic activity (pupil size, heart rate, electrodermal activity). Physiological arousal was elevated following aversive and in particular erotic cues. In contrast to our pre‐registered hypothesis, steepness of temporal discounting was not significantly affected by emotional cues of either valence. Aversive cues tended to increase decision noise. Computational modeling revealed that trial‐wise arousal only accounted for minor variance over and above aversive and erotic condition effects, arguing against a general effect of physiological arousal on temporal discounting.