bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Erector Spinae Plane Blocks for Traumatic Rib Fractures: A Prospective, Interventional Study
Authors: Palachick Benjamin J. , Carver Ryan A. , Byars Donald V. , Martyak Michael T. , Collins Jay N. 
Published: May 2022

Background Rib fractures are present in 10% of all trauma patients and 30% of patients with significant chest trauma. Pain from rib fractures results in decreased respiratory effort which can lead to atelectasis and potentially pneumonia and death. Pain control is therefore of utmost importance in preventing the complications of rib fractures by improving respiratory function. Erector spinae plane blocks (ESPB) have been effectively used in elective surgery with subjective and objective improvements in pain. Materials and Methods We sought to evaluate subjective pain and objective evaluation of respiratory effort by way of incentive spirometry levels after administration of an ESPB for patients with rib fractures. Our trauma service applied ESPB over 2 years in patients with rib fractures. Ultrasound guidance was used to administer 50cc of a long-acting local anesthetic at the transverse process underneath the erector spinae muscle group. Evaluation of pain scores and incentive spirometry levels were measured prior to and after the ESPB. Results In total, we obtained data from 45 patients. Mean pre-pain scores were 7.93 with post-pain scores of 4.47 (p < 0.001). Mean pre-block incentive spirometry volumes were 1160 cc with post-block IS of 1495cc (p 0.035). There were no associated complications. Discussion ESPBs are safe and significantly reduce pain scores and increased incentive spirometry volumes after administration. They are easy to perform and can be done by the trauma service, including trainees. ESPB has the potential to reduce pulmonary complications of rib fractures, as well as subjectively improving pain experienced by our trauma patients. Based on our results, we recommend this block as an adjunct to multimodal analgesia for patients with rib fractures.
Fixating on the future: An overview of increased astrology use
Authors: Das Abhilasha , Sharma Manoj Kumar , Kashyap Himani , Gupta Srijita 
Published: May 2022

Background: Interest in astrology has surged recently, possibly due to the uncertain conditions in the world due to the Covid-19 pandemic. While belief in astrology is common and socially legitimized in many cultures, a few instances of excessive engagement with astrological services or “fortune-telling addiction” are indicating a risk of adverse mental health consequences. Aim: To understand the existing research base on correlates of belief in astrology and fortune-telling. Method: We have carried out a scoping review to synthesize the available literature base on belief in astrology and to review the evidence for “fortune-telling addiction” using Arksey and O’Malley’s methodological framework. Databases of PubMed, ProQuest, EBSCO, and SCOPUS were searched for relevant studies published in peer-reviewed journals. Results: The search findings revealed the association of belief in astrology with cognitive, personality, and psychological factors such as thinking style, self-concept verification, and stress. Case studies on “fortune-telling addiction” have conceptualized it as a possible behavioral addiction and have reported symptoms such as distress, cravings, and salience. Conclusions: However, further research on the condition along with its psychosocial determinants is necessary for the development of preventative and curative intervention efforts.
Predictors of Anaemia Prevalence Among Ghanaian Pregnant Women: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Akowuah Jones Asafo , Owusu-Addo Ebenezer , Opuni Ama Antwiwaa 
Published: May 2022

Anaemia during pregnancy is a major public health concern. Despite its wide scope and adverse effects including increased maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality, and long-term adverse effects on the newborn, appropriate interventions using upstream approaches to public health have largely not been implemented. This study investigated the prevalence and associated factors of anaemia among pregnant women in four health facilities in the Kwabre East Municipality. A cross-sectional survey with a two-stage sampling technique was conducted on 220 pregnant women who attended antenatal care at the selected health facilities. Interview-based structured questionnaires were used. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to identify predictors. The prevalence of anaemia was 11.4%. Few women (25) were anaemic and morphologically, 14 (56%) had normocytic normochromic anaemia and 9 (36%) had microcytic hypochromic anaemia. Iron deficiency was reported in 19 (8.6%) pregnant women. Independent predictors of anaemia were iron sulphate intake (AOR [95% CI] = 3.16 [1.15, 7.37], ANC follow-up during pregnancy (AOR [95% CI] = 3.07 [1.59, 7.99], household size of ≥5 (AOR [95% CI] = 3.58 [1.75, 9.52], folic acid intake (AOR [95% CI] = 5.29 [2.65, 12.39] and the period in pregnancy AOR [95% CI] = ≥36 weeks 3.2 (1.3-4.5). Though anaemia prevalence has been low in urban areas as previously reported, collaborated healthcare measures that aim at eradicating the menace are encouraged. Maternal healthcare interventions including the administration of folic acid, regular iron sulphate intake and intensive education on early ANC are recommended.
Racial discrimination, low trust in the health system and COVID-19 vaccine uptake: a longitudinal observational study of 633 UK adults from ethnic minority groups
Authors: Paul Elise , Fancourt Daisy , Razai Mohammad 
Published: May 2022

Objectives To examine whether racial/ethnic discrimination predicts future COVID-19 vaccine refusal, and whether this association is explained by trust in government and the health system. Design Longitudinal observational study of racial/ethnic discrimination occurring since the start of the first lockdown (measured in July 2020) and later COVID-19 vaccine status. Setting UK (England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland). Participants A total of 633 adults belonging to ethnic minority groups who took part in the UCL COVID-19 Social Study. Main outcome measures COVID-19 vaccine refusal (vs. accepted/waiting/had at least one dose) between 23 December 2020 and 14 June 2021. Results Nearly 1 in 10 (6.69%) who had refused a COVID-19 vaccine had experienced racial/ethnic discrimination in a medical setting since the start of the pandemic and had experienced twice as many incidents of racial/ethnic discrimination than those who had accepted the vaccine. Structural equation modelling results indicated a nearly four fold (odds ratio = 3.91, 95% confidence interval = 1.40 to 10.92) total effect of racial/ethnic discrimination on refusing the vaccine which was mediated by low trust in the health system to handle the pandemic (odds ratio = 2.49, 95% confidence interval = 1.12 to 5.39). Analyses adjusted for a range of demographic and COVID-19 related factors. Conclusions Findings underscore the importance of addressing racial/ethnic discrimination and the role the National Health Service in regaining trust from ethnic minority groups to increase COVID-19 vaccine uptake among ethnic minority adults.
The Origins of American Test-Based Educational Accountability and Controversies About Its Impact, 1970–1983
Authors: Rury John L. , Belew Ryan , Hurst Jennifer 
Published: May 2022

Background and Context: Statewide test-based accountability in the United States began with minimum competency assessments in public schools during the 1970s, starting in Florida and other Southern states. Controversies over IQ (intelligence quotient) testing contributed to the development of “criterion-referenced” exams that became the principal form of assessment for such purposes. These developments provoked considerable discussion, much of it focused on the high failure rates on such tests, disproportionally borne by ethnic and racial minority students. Controversy over these events eventually led to a formal debate sponsored by the National Institute of Education (NIE), and a federal lawsuit that established the legality of such assessment regimes. Purpose: This article is a historical account of the rise of standardized testing for school accountability in the United States and the controversies that it entailed in the years before 1983. It highlights events in Florida, which set the tone for developments elsewhere with a high school exit exam. It also describes controversies within the measurement field about statewide tests as graduation requirements. In addition, it considers the response of policymakers to criticism of test-based accountability, setting the stage for developments leading to the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) era. Research Design: The research for this study was historical in orientation, employing a combination of primary (contemporaneous) and secondary (subsequent) documents, along with published research, to construct an interpretive account in narrative form. This process yielded an explanatory frame highlighting debates over the proper use and practical impact of standardized testing for accountability purposes. The results generally comported with other historical accounts of the period, even as they provided a considerably more detailed record of relevant events and principal actors. Conclusion: This historical account places the origins of test-based accountability a decade earlier than A Nation at Risk (1983), often considered its impetus. Florida became the first state to establish a comprehensive testing system for accountability, and other Southern states soon followed. This had a racially disparate impact on these states and others, depriving many thousands of African American and other students of high school diplomas. There is scant evidence that such tests appreciably raised achievement levels for all students, a widely proclaimed purpose of accountability regimes. Even so, test-based accountability remained a controversial cornerstone of educational reform proposals for decades to come, anticipating debates during the contentious NCLB years.
Medial Collateral Ligament Reconstruction for Anteromedial Instability of the Knee: A Biomechanical Study In Vitro
Authors: Miyaji Nobuaki , Holthof Sander R. , Ball Simon V. , Williams Andy , Amis Andrew A. 
Published: May 2022

Background: Although a medial collateral ligament (MCL) injury is associated with anteromedial rotatory instability (AMRI) and often with an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, there has been little work to develop anteromedial (AM) reconstruction to address this laxity. Purpose: To measure the ability of a novel “anatomic” AM reconstruction technique to restore native knee laxity for isolated AM insufficiency and combined AM plus posteromedial insufficiency. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: A total of 12 cadaveric knees were mounted in a kinematic testing rig that allowed the tibia to be loaded while the knee flexed-extended 0° to 100° with 88-N anteroposterior translation, 5-N·m internal rotation–external rotation (ER), 8-N·m valgus, and combined anterior translation plus ER to simulate AMRI. Joint motion was measured using optical trackers with the knee intact, after superficial MCL (sMCL) and deep MCL (dMCL) transection, and after AM reconstruction of the sMCL and dMCL with semitendinosus autografts. The posteromedial capsule (PMC)/posterior oblique ligament (POL) was then transected to induce a grade 3 medial injury, and kinematic measurements were repeated afterward and again after removing the grafts. Laxity changes were examined using repeated-measures analysis of variance and post-testing. Results: sMCL and dMCL deficiency increased valgus, ER, and AMRI laxities. These laxities did not differ from native values after AM reconstruction. Additional PMC/POL deficiency did not increase these laxities significantly but did increase internal rotation laxity near knee extension; this was not controlled by AM reconstruction. Conclusion: AM reconstruction eliminated AMRI after transection of the dMCL and sMCL, and also eliminated AMRI after additional PMC/POL transection. Clinical Relevance: Many MCL injuries occur in combination with ACL injuries, causing AMRI. These injuries may rupture the AM capsule and dMCL. Unaddressed MCL deficiency leads to an increased ACL reconstruction failure rate. A dMCL construct oriented anterodistally across the medial joint line, along with an sMCL graft, can restore native knee ER laxity. PMC/POL lesions did not contribute to AMRI.
Optimization of ultrasonic vibration assisted friction stir process to improve mechanical properties of AA7075-nano B4C surface composite
Authors: Swathi I Bhavya , Raju L Suvarna , Rao K Venkata 
Published: May 2022

Ultrasonic Vibration assisted Friction Stir Processing is one of the advanced surface modification techniques developed for ductile materials like aluminium to improve their surface properties. The present study is aimed to improve mechanical properties of the AA7075-T651 surface composite by reinforcing the nano B4C particles with optimum working condition. Experiments are conducted at different levels of tool rotation speed, tool processing speed and volume percentage of nano B4C particles with and without ultrasonic vibrations and the experimental results for ultimate tensile strength, impact strength, yield strength, percentage of elongation and hardness are measured. Jaya Algorithm (JA) is used and found best optimum condition such as 1112 r/min of tool rotational speed, 43.96 mm/min of tool traverse speed and 4.02 vol % of B4C nano particles. Mechanical properties and microstructure are investigated using optical Microscope, Field emission scanning electron microscope and Transmission electron microscopy analysis. A fine grain structure and uniform distribution of reinforcement are found in the matrix with the ultrasonic vibrations and the mechanical properties of the AA7075 alloy are improved. The microstructure of the surface composite is correlated with the mechanical properties.
Comparing Variations in Advance Directives Timing among Older Adults with End-Stage Renal Disease versus Cancer
Authors: Wang Yu-Hsuan , Enguidanos Susan 
Published: May 2022

Background: Having an advance directive (AD) is associated with better care at end of life and better quality of death. However, AD completion rates among End-Stage Renal Disease patients are lower than among cancer patients. ESRD patients commonly experience cognitive impairment, reducing their ability to make their own care choices as their disease progresses. Thus, having an AD earlier in the disease trajectory is important. Little is known about differences in AD completion timing among ESRD and cancer patients. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to (1) investigate difference in AD completion and timing between ESRD and cancer patients; and, (2) identify factors associated with the early and late AD completion. Setting and Participants: A retrospective cohort study was conducted. Data was drawn from the Health and Retirement Study, a United States representative longitudinal survey of older adults, using exit interviews conducted from 2006 to 2016 among 1886 proxy reporters of deceased participants with ESRD or cancer. Results: ESRD patients had lower rates of AD completion compared to those with cancer. Higher education and being older were negatively associated with late AD completion in the last 3 months of life. Additionally, decedents with a diagnosis of ESRD, older age, and with higher education had higher odds of completing ADs one year or more before death. Discussions/Conclusions: While ESRD patient were less likely to have ADs, those that had ADS were more likely than cancer patients to develop ADs earlier in the disease trajectory. Further studies are needed to determine effective strategies to increase the AD completion rate among patients with ESRD.
Experimental investigations on the semi-active control of a valve-driven secondary lateral damper for a high-speed rail vehicle
Authors: Wu Yi , Gan Feng , Shi Huailong , Zeng Jing , Chen Chunpeng , Feng Yonghua 
Published: May 2022

Passive suspensions cannot sufficiently reduce vehicle vibrations on tracks with poor irregularities or when the vehicle was operated at higher speeds. This study proposes three semi-active control algorithms for a secondary lateral damper to enable the vehicle to be operated on high-speed dedicated railways at 350 km/h and conventional low-speed railways at 160 km/h. A high-speed rail vehicle dynamics model with controllable dampers is built to study the feasibility of those algorithms through numerical investigations. Then, both field tests on track and lab tests on a full-scale roller rig were performed to examine the functionality of the controller hardware system and the valve-driven semi-active damper. Furtherly, a time-delay compensation based on the signal amplitude is developed and verified. Results from the on-track and roller rig tests state that the proposed semi-active control algorithms and the designed control system can effectively improve the ride quality of the vehicle when it is put into operation in different track conditions and at various speeds.
Treatment-free remission after ceasing venetoclax-based therapy in patients with acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Chua Chong Chyn , Hammond Danielle , Kent Andrew , Tiong Ing Soo , Konopleva Marina Y. , Pollyea Daniel A. , DiNardo Courtney D. , Wei Andrew H. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The clinical benefit of adding venetoclax (VEN) to hypomethylating agents or low-dose cytarabine in older and/or unfit patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has been confirmed in phase 3 studies. With the increased uptake of VEN-based therapies for patients with AML, a pertinent question is whether treatment can be safely ceased among patients who have achieved sustained remission. We hypothesized that a proportion of patients opting to cease therapy may benefit from a treatment-free remission (TFR) period without indefinite treatment. We report the retrospective outcomes of 29 patients in remission for a minimum of 12 months on VEN-based therapy, with 55% continuing therapy until disease progression and 45% electively ceasing treatment (STOP). With follow-up exceeding 5 years, we observed a median TFR lasting 45.8 months among the STOP cohort, with &gt;50% of patients still in sustained remission at the data cutoff. The risk of relapse and duration of relapse-free and overall survival were similar between the 2 cohorts. Factors favoring sustained TFR within the cohort included NPM1 and/or IDH2 mutation at diagnosis, complete remission without measurable residual disease, and at least 12 months of VEN-based combination therapy prior to treatment cessation.
Fifteen complete chloroplast genomes of Trapa species (Trapaceae): insight into genome structure, comparative analysis and phylogenetic relationships
Authors: Fan Xiangrong , Wang Wuchao , Wagutu Godfrey K. , Li Wei , Li Xiuling , Chen Yuanyuan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Trapa L. is a floating-leaved aquatic plant with important economic and ecological values. However, the species identification and phylogenetic relationship within Trapa are still controversial, which necessitates the need for plastid genome information of Trapa. In this study, complete chloroplast genomes of 13 Trapa species/taxa were sequenced and annotated. Combined with released sequences, comparative analyses of chloroplast genomes were performed on the 15 Trapa species/taxa for the first time.

Results
The Trapa chloroplast genomes exhibited typical quadripartite structures with lengths from 155,453 to 155,559 bp. The gene orders and contents within Trapa were conservative, but several changes were found in the microstructure. The intron loss of rpl2, also detected in Lythraceae, was found in all Trapa species/taxa, suggesting close genetic relationship between Lythraceae and Trapaceae. Notably, two small-seed species (T. incisa and T. maximowiczii) showed the smallest genome size with 155,453 and 155,477 bp, respectively. Each cp genome contained the same 130 genes consisting of 85 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes and 8 rRNA genes. Trapa species/taxa showed 37 (T. incisa and T. maximowiczii) to 41 (T. sibirica) long repeats, including forward, palindromic, reversed and complementary repeats. There were 110 (T. quadrispinosa) to 123 (T. incisa and T. maximowiczii) SSR (simple sequence repeat) loci in Trapa chloroplast genomes. Comparative analyses revealed that two hotspot regions (atpA—atpF and rps2—rpoC2) in Trapa chloroplast genomes could be served as potential molecular markers. Three phylogenetic analyses (ML, MP and BI) consistently showed that there were two clusters within Trapa, including large- and small-seed species/taxa, respectively; for the large-seed Trapa, they clustered according to their geographical origin and tubercle morphology on the surface of seeds.

Conclusion
In summary, we have acquired the sequences of 13 Trapa chloroplast genomes, and performed the comparative analyses within Trapa for the first time. The results have helped us better identify the Trapa species/taxa and deepen the understanding of genetic basis and phylogenetic relationship of Trapa, which will facilitate the effective management and utilization of the important genetic resources in the future.
RAD-seq as an effective strategy for heterogenous variety identification in plants—a case study in Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum)
Authors: Yu Qingqing , Ling Yao , Xiong Yanli , Zhao Wenda , Xiong Yi , Dong Zhixiao , Yang Jian , Zhao Junming , Zhang Xinquan , Ma Xiao 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe primary approach for variety distinction in Italian ryegrass is currently the DUS (distinctness, uniformity and stability) test based on phenotypic traits. Considering the diverse genetic background within the population and the complexity of the environment, however, it is challenging to accurately distinguish varieties based on DUS criteria alone. In this study, we proposed the application of high-throughput RAD-seq to distinguish 11 Italian ryegrass varieties with three bulks of 50 individuals per variety. Our findings revealed significant differences among the 11 tested varieties. The PCA, DAPC and STRUCTURE analysis indicated a heterogeneous genetic background for all of them, and the AMOVA analysis also showed large genetic variance among these varieties (ΦST = 0.373), which were clearly distinguished based on phylogenetic analysis. Further nucleotide diversity (Pi) analysis showed that the variety ‘Changjiang No.2’ had the best intra-variety consistency among 11 tested varieties. Our findings suggest that the RAD-seq could be an effectively alternative method for the variety distinction of Italian ryegrass, as well as a potential tool for open-pollinated varieties (OPVs) of other allogamous species.