bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neutrophil β1 adrenoceptor blockade blunts stroke‐associated neuroinflammation
Authors: Clemente‐Moragón Agustín , Oliver Eduardo , Calle Daniel , Cussó Lorena , Gómez Mónica , Pradillo Jesús M. , Castejón Raquel , Rallón Norma , Benito José M. , Fernández‐Ferro José C. , Carneado‐Ruíz Joaquín , Moro María A. , Sánchez‐González Javier , Fuster Valentín , Cortés‐Canteli Marta , Desco Manuel , Ibáñez Borja 
Published: October 2022

Background and PurposeReperfusion therapy is the standard of care for ischaemic stroke; however, there is a need to identify new therapeutic targets able to ameliorate cerebral damage. Neutrophil β1 adrenoceptors (β1AR) have been linked to neutrophil migration during exacerbated inflammation. Given the central role of neutrophils in cerebral damage during stroke, we hypothesize that β1AR blockade will improve stroke outcomes.Experimental ApproachRats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion–reperfusion to evaluate the effect on stroke of the selective β1AR blocker metoprolol (12.5 mg·kg−1) when injected i.v. 10 min before reperfusion.Key ResultsMagnetic resonance imaging and histopathology analysis showed that pre‐reperfusion i.v. metoprolol reduced infarct size. This effect was accompanied by reduced cytotoxic oedema at 24 h and vasogenic oedema at 7 days. Metoprolol‐treated rats showed reduced brain neutrophil infiltration and those which infiltrated displayed a high proportion of anti‐inflammatory phenotype (N2, YM1+). Additional inflammatory models demonstrated that metoprolol specifically blocked neutrophil migration via β1AR and excluded a significant effect on the glia compartment. Consistently, metoprolol did not protect the brain in neutrophil‐depleted rats upon stroke. In patients suffering an ischaemic stroke, β1AR blockade by metoprolol reduced circulating neutrophil–platelet co‐aggregates.Conclusions and ImplicationsOur findings describe that β1AR blockade ameliorates cerebral damage by targeting neutrophils, identifying a novel therapeutic target to improve outcomes in patients with stroke. This therapeutic strategy is in the earliest stages of the translational pathway and should be further explored.
Allergic diseases in India – Prevalence, risk factors and current challenges
Authors: Mahesh Padukudru Anand , Moitra Saibal , Mabalirajan Ulaganathan , Garg Mayank , Malamardi Sowmya , Vedanthan Pudupakkam K. , Christopher Devasahayam Jesudas , Agrawal Anurag , Krishna Mamidipudi Thirumala 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEpidemiological studies have shown a rise in the prevalence of allergic diseases in India during the last two decades. However, recent evidence from the Global Asthma Network study has observed a decrease in allergic rhinitis, asthma and atopic dermatitis in children. Still, with a population over 1.3 billion, there is a huge burden of allergic rhinitis, asthma and atopic dermatitis, and this is compounded by an unmet demand for trained allergy specialists and poor health service framework. There is wide variation in the prevalence of allergic diseases between different geographical locations in India, and the reasons are unclear at present. This may at least in part be attributable to considerable heterogeneity in aero‐biology, weather, air pollution levels, cultural and religious factors, diet, socioeconomic strata and literacy. At present, factors enhancing risks and those protecting from development of atopy and allergic diseases have not been well delineated, although there is some evidence for the influence of genetic factors alongside cultural and environmental variables such as diet, exposure to tobacco smoke and air pollution and residence in urban areas. This narrative review provides an overview of data from India regarding epidemiology, risk factors and genetics and highlights gaps in evidence as well as areas for future research.
Central nervous system cavernous malformations: cross‐sectional study assessing rebleeding risk after a second haemorrhage
Authors: Santos Alejandro N. , Rauschenbach Laurèl , Gull Hanah Hadice , Olbrich Angelina , Lahl Kirstin , Darkwah Oppong Marvin , Dinger Thiemo F. , Rieß Christoph , Chen Bixia , Lenkeit Annika , Schmidt Börge , Li Yan , Jabbarli Ramazan , Wrede Karsten H. , Sure Ulrich , Dammann Philipp 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeThe purpose of this study was to investigate the 5‐year risk of a third bleeding event in cavernous malformations (CMs) of the central nervous system.MethodsPatients with cerebral or spinal CMs treated between 2003 and 2021 were screened using our institutional database. Patients with a complete magnetic resonance imaging dataset, clinical baseline characteristics, and history of two bleeding events were included. Patients who underwent surgical CM removal were excluded. Neurological functional status was obtained using the modified Rankin Scale score at the second and third bleeding. Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analyses were performed to determine the cumulative 5‐year risk for a third haemorrhage.ResultsForty‐two patients were included. Cox regression analysis adjusted for age and sex did not identify risk factors for a third haemorrhage. 37% of patients experienced neurological deterioration after the third haemorrhage (p = 0.019). The cumulative 5‐year risk of a third bleeding was 66.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] 50.4%–80%) for the whole cohort, 65.9% (95% CI 49.3%–79.5%) for patients with bleeding at initial diagnosis, 72.7% (95% CI 39.3%–92.7%) for patients with a developmental venous anomaly, 76.9% (95% CI 55.9%–90.3%) for patients with CM localization to the brainstem and 75% (95% CI 50.6%–90.4%) for patients suffering from familial CM disease.ConclusionsDuring an untreated 5‐year follow‐up after a second haemorrhage, a significantly increased risk of a third haemorrhage compared to the known risk of a first and second bleeding event was identified. The third bleeding was significantly associated with neurological deterioration. These findings may justify a surgical treatment after a second bleeding event.
How much is soil nitrous oxide emission reduced with biochar application? An evaluation of meta‐analyses
Authors: Kaur Navneet , Kieffer Christina , Ren Wei , Hui Dafeng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNitrous oxide (N2O) is the third important long‐lived greenhouse gas next to carbon dioxide and methane and croplands are considered biogeochemical hotspots of soil N2O emissions. To reduce soil N2O and other greenhouse emissions, climate‐smart agricultural practices including biochar application have been applied. Many studies have been conducted with biochar application but results from these studies are not conclusive. To address this issue, meta‐analysis, a quantitative review that synthesizes results from multiple independent studies, has been widely used. The results from different meta‐analyses also differ but are seldomly evaluated. In this study, we evaluated meta‐analyses on the effects of biochar application on soil N2O emissions. A grand mean response ratio (RR) was further proposed to estimate an overall effect and the impacts of experiment setting, properties of biochar and soil, and agricultural practices. We found 18 meta‐analysis papers were published between 2014 and 2022. Sample size (publications or experiments) varied from less than 30 to more than 1000, with a mean sample size of 275. RR was calculated in all studies except one. While four meta‐analyses did not find a significant effect of biochar application on soil N2O emissions, all others reported reductions of soil N2O emissions, but the magnitude ranged from −10.5% to −54.8%. Synthesizing all results from these meta‐analyses, we found that biochar application overall significantly reduced the soil N2O emissions by 38.8%. The impacts increased with experimental duration till one and half years and reduced after that. Biochar application rate and C:N ratio had large influence on the effects of biochar application on soil N2O emissions. This study demonstrated that while meta‐analysis provides a more comprehensive and better estimation, the inconsistence among these studies may need to be further evaluated. A grand mean RR based on meta‐analyses could be more accurate and representative than single meta‐analysis.
The association of wound factors and symptoms of fatigue and pain with wound healing in chronic venous leg ulcers
Authors: Kim Junglyun , Stechmiller Joyce , Weaver Michael , Gibson Daniel J. , Horgas Ann , Kelly Debra L. , Lyon Debra E. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study was: (1) to characterise the association of wound area, wound exudate C‐reactive protein (CRP), broad‐spectrum matrix metalloprotease protein (MMPs), and symptoms of fatigue and pain in individuals with chronic venous leg ulcers (CVLUs) over time and (2) to identify factors associated with the wound healing trajectory in CVLUs. Seventy four participants with CVLU who received weekly sharp debridement were recruited from a wound care clinic during the 8‐week study period. To examine associations among wound CRP, MMPs, pain, fatigue, and wound healing trajectory over time, we calculated Bayes factors (BF) based on a linear mixed model. The mean age of participants was 71.8 (SD = 9.8) and the mean wound area was 2278 mm2 (SD = 7085 mm2) at baseline. Higher fatigue was strongly associated with higher MMPs (BF = 9, 95% HDI: [−.05, .43]), lower CRP (BF = 11, 95% HDI: [−.02, .002]), and large areas of wound (BF = 20, 95% HDI: [−.001, .01]). Higher CRP and MMPs activity in wound exudate and higher fatigue were associated with a larger wound area. To facilitate wound healing, clinicians need to utilise the multifactorial approach, which includes wound treatment and management of symptoms such as pain and fatigue, because of the molecular and psycho‐behavioural factors involved in wound healing.
α‐Fetoprotein fragment synergizes with sorafenib to inhibit hepatoma cell growth and migration and promote the apoptosis
Authors: Wang Qiujiao , Li Wei , Zhang Minni , Zou Zijuan , Dong Xu , Chen Yi , Xu Junnv , Zhu Mingyue , Li Mengsen , Lin Bo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAlpha fetoprotein (AFP) is associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by stimulating the proliferation, metastasis and drug resistance. The application of AFP fragments to inhibit the malignant behaviours induced by AFP is a new strategy for the treatment of HCC. In an effort to design, screen and discover drugs, we attempted to express different human AFP fragments (AFP220–609, AFP390–609 and AFP460–609) in a Bac‐to‐Bac system. We found that the AFP390–609 fragment was highly expressed in the system. Then, we assessed the bioactivity of the fragment in the human liver cancer cell line Bel7402, and the results indicated that the AFP fragment synergized with sorafenib to inhibit the hepatoma cell growth and migration and promote the apoptosis. This study provides a method to produce significant AFP fragments to screen AFP inhibitors for use in HCC therapy.
Preparation of bioactive peptides from marine industrial waste for moon cake preservation by coating
Authors: Lu Dongmei , Chen Yanhong , Xie Qiaoling , Qiu Ziting , Zhang Hongyan , Sun Peng , Pan Jinquan , Wang Yun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this study, fish marine bioactive peptides (FMBP) from gill waste obtained from Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) and bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) were explored to provide a green preservation method to maintain the taste and flavor of Chinese moon cake. FMBP were hydrolyzed using a mixture of protease (neutral protease: alkaline protease = 1:1). The enzymatic reaction conditions were researched by single‐factor experiments with antibacterial activity as the evaluation index. Moon cakes were treated with FMBP coating (2.0%, 2.5%, 3.0% or 3.5%) and stored for 25 days at 28°C without packaging. The effect of FMBP on the quality of moon cakes was investigated considering microbiological, physicochemical and sensory properties. Research showed that FMBP significantly inhibited the growth of microorganisms during storage while maintaining the taste of moon cake. The 3% FMBP had the best effect on the coating treatment, which the PV and AV values reduced most significantly (p < 0.05), and especially the total number of colonies (p < 0.05) and the number of coliforms (p < 0.01) was significantly inhibited. The shelf‐life of moon cakes treated with FMBP coating was extended, 2% FMBP by 10 days and 3% or 3.5% FMBP by 20 days, compared with the control group without FMBP treatment by 5 days (when the total number of molds was more than 150 CFU/g, the moon cake was spoiled). These results indicate that FMBP can be used as a food additive antimicrobial agent and preservative.Novelty Impact StatementThe optimal FMBP enzymatic hydrolysis conditions were obtained, which could be used in the field of food additive antimicrobial or preservative agent. FMBP significantly inhibited the growth of microorganisms during storage while maintaining the quality of moon cakes. The 3% FMBP had the best effect on the coating treatment, which the shelf‐life of moon cakes was extended by 20 days.
Effect of illuminance and colour temperature of LED lighting on asthenopia during reading
Authors: Chen Yilin , Ma Tianju , Ye Zi , Li Zhaohui 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPurposeA self‐controlled study to determine the influence of illuminance and correlated colour temperature (CCT) of light‐emitting diode (LED) lighting on asthenopia.MethodsTwenty‐two healthy postgraduates (nine women) were recruited to read under eight LED lighting conditions with four illuminances (300 lx, 500 lx, 750 lx and 1000 lx) and four CCTs (2700, 4000, 5000 and 6500 K) for 2 h. A subjective asthenopia questionnaire, the optical quality analysis system (OQAS) and an inflammatory cytokine assay were used to assess the levels of asthenopia.ResultsIncreased asthenopia was observed after reading, but the degree varied with lighting conditions. There were significant differences among the groups in terms of subjective symptoms (inattention, eye pain, dry eye and total score), optical performance parameters (modulation transfer function [MTF] cut‐off frequency, Strehl ratio [SR], objective scattering index [OSI], mean OSI and accommodative amplitude [AA]) as well as inflammatory cytokines in the tears (epidermal growth factor [EGF], transforming growth factor [TGF]‐α, interleukin [IL]‐6, IL‐8, macrophage inflammatory protein [MIP]‐1β, tumour necrosis factor [TNF]‐α, TNF‐β and vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF]‐A). All of the subjective and objective measurements collectively suggested that asthenopia was lessened for the 500 lx–4000 K condition. However, asthenopia was significantly worse for 300 lx–2700 K and 1000 lx–6500 K in terms of subjective symptoms and objective optical performance, respectively.ConclusionsLED illuminance and CCT do have a significant effect on asthenopia during reading. 500 lx–4000 K lighting resulted in the lowest level of asthenopia. Conversely, low illuminance at low CCT (300 lx–2700 K) and high illuminance at high CCT (1000 lx–6500 K) promoted more severe asthenopia.
The growth‐immunity tradeoff in Brassica oleracea‐Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris pathosystem
Authors: Vega‐Álvarez Carmen , Francisco Marta , Cartea María Elena , Fernández Juan Carlos , Soengas Pilar 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPlant responses against pathogens are influenced by growth immunity tradeoff, which ensure the best use of limited resources. We study how the immobilization of carbon resources and the induction of defensive responses (glucosinolates, phenolic compounds, stomatal closure) can influence the biomass of two Brassica oleracea lines, differing in their resistance, after infection with Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. Potentially, the growth immunity tradeoff can be influenced by the activation of all these processes. However, on the contrary of which is normally stated, our results suggest that the loss of biomass caused by pathogen infection is mainly due to the differential accumulation of starch and the immobilization of sugars rather than the reallocation of resources to synthesize secondary metabolites. Moreover, resistance may be related to the effectiveness of the tradeoff, since the resistant line immobilizes resources more efficiently than the susceptible one. Both inbred lines show a different phytohormones profile, which support the hypothesis that they are employing different strategies to defend themselves against the pathogen. This study emphasizes the key role of the primary metabolism in the defence strategies of plants against pathogens.
Longitudinal lung function in urban firefighters: A group‐based multi‐trajectory modelling approach
Authors: Pendergrast Catherine , Boyle Terry , Crockett Alan J. , Eston Roger , Johnston Kylie N. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveUrban firefighters are routinely exposed to both physical and chemical hazards that can negatively impact lung health, but it is unclear if firefighters experience accelerated decline in spirometry parameters due to chronic exposure and acute insults. This study aimed to describe sub‐groups of firefighters with differing spirometry trajectories and examine the relationship between the identified trajectories and demographic, lifestyle and occupational characteristics.MethodsData from six waves of the Respiratory Function Measurement and Surveillance for South Australian Metropolitan Fire Service Study (2007–2019) were used to identify spirometry parameter z‐score trajectories, using group‐based multi‐trajectory modelling (GBMTM). Analysis of variance and chi‐square statistics were used to assess trajectory group differences in baseline self‐reported demographic, lifestyle and occupational characteristics.ResultsIn the 669 included firefighters, we identified five trajectories for the combination of Forced Expiratory Volume in the first second z‐score (FEV1z), Forced Vital Capacity z‐score (FVCz) and the ratio of FEV1 and FVC z‐score (FEV1/FVCz). There were three stable trajectories of low, average and very high lung function and two declining trajectories of average and high lung function. Analysis of subgroup characteristics revealed no significant differences between expected and actual group proportions for the occupational characteristics of years of service and respiratory protection use. Significant differences were seen in respiratory health and body mass index.ConclusionGBMTM defined distinct, plausible spirometry trajectory sub‐groups. Firefighter longitudinal spirometry trajectory group membership was associated with BMI and respiratory disease or symptoms but not with self‐reported smoking history or occupational factors.
Clinical outcomes of canine total hip replacement utilizing a BFX lateral bolt femoral stem: 195 consecutive cases (2013–2019)
Authors: Kwok Jenny Y. , Wendelburg Kirk L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical outcomes of total hip replacements (THR) utilizing a BFX lateral bolt stem in dogs with coxofemoral joint disease.Study designRetrospective study.Sample populationA total of 149 dogs representing 195 THR.MethodsConsecutive THRs utilizing a BFX lateral bolt stem were studied. Preoperative, immediate postoperative, 1‐, 2‐, 3‐, 4‐, and 12‐month postoperative radiographs were performed. All major and minor complications, revisions, outcomes, subsidence, canal flare index (CFI) were recorded.ResultsAn intraoperative complication rate of 11.8% was observed. The postoperative complication rate was 13.6%, with 9.2% major and 4.4% minor complications. Complications included: postoperative femur fractures (3.6%), coxofemoral luxation (3.6%), stem failure (0.5%), septic loosening (0.5%), aseptic loosening (0.5%), and acetabular fracture (0.5%). Three dogs underwent prophylactic plating after subjective assessment of cortical thickness. Five of 195 (2.6%) cases underwent explant of their prostheses (median = 3 months). Mean stem subsidence at 1 month postoperatively was 1.22 ± 0.16 mm. An increased CFI was associated with postoperative femur fractures (p < .05). A total of 190 of 195 (97.4%) cases returned to normal function in the long‐term follow‐up period.ConclusionUse of the BFX lateral bolt stem resulted in minimal postoperative subsidence, a low femoral stem complication rate, and a high rate of achieving normal limb function.Clinical significanceThe BFX lateral bolt stem should be considered in canine THR as the femoral failure rate is low and the long‐term success rate is high.
An improved method to access initial states in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
Authors: Bhatta Somadutta , Bairathi Vipul 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObservables in heavy-ion collisions are generally categorized into centralities, which reflect an average over events within a range of impact parameters including a wide variety of initial-state configurations. A multiple binning method using spectator neutrons within each centrality has been shown to provide access to events with rare initial-state conditions. This work suggests an improvement in quantifying the difference between standard centrality and spectator neutron binning towards accessing the initial-state properties. A selection of events with higher initial-state density at a fixed participating nucleon number was observed to result in larger final-state particle production and smaller elliptic flow. The relative difference between observables in centrality and spectator binning shows reduced sensitivity for the observables dominated by impact parameter fluctuations in the initial state, such as triangular flow. This property renders the spectator binning method a good candidate for separating geometric contributions from random fluctuations in the initial state towards final-state observables.
Relativistic spin dynamics conditioned by dark matter axions
Authors: Silenko A. J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe relativistic spin dynamics defined by the pseudoscalar field of dark matter axions is rigorously determined. The relativistic Hamiltonian in the Foldy–Wouthuysen representation is derived. It agrees with the previously obtained nonrelativistic Hamiltonians and the relativistic classical estimation of the axion wind effect. In the relativistic Hamiltonian, the biggest term describes the extraordinary (three orders of magnitude) enhancement of the axion wind effect in storage ring experiments as compared with experiments with immobile particles. This term defines the spin rotation about the longitudinal axis. The effects caused by the axion-induced oscillating EDM and the axion wind consist in the spin rotations about the different horizontal axes and phases of stimulating oscillations differ by$$\pi /2$$π/2. Experiments in a search for dark matter axions has been discussed. The two experimental designs for axion search experiments in storage rings have been elaborated.