bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of patient race on the outcome of endodontic treatments: a pooled analysis of one-year recall data from four cone beam computed tomography outcome studies
Authors: Patel Neha , Scambler Sasha , Ranjbari Mohammadreza , Alhammad Mohammad , Bakhsh Abdulaziz A. , Mannocci Francesco 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectives The aim of this pooled data analysis was to establish if there is an association between a patient's race and the proportion of successful outcomes of endodontic treatments, and if so, what factors may determine this association.Methodology Data collected from four prospective clinical outcome studies were pooled. Patients were recalled 12 months after the completion of the treatment. Treatment outcome was determined by clinical findings and cone beam computed tomography examination. Statistical analysis included the description of categorical and continuous variables and simple binary logistic regression models, chi-squared tests and Kruskal-Wallis tests.Results Data from 301 patients were available. Of these patients, 43 were Black (14.3%), 50 were from a Non-Black Minority Ethnic (NBME) group (16.6%) and 208 were white (69.1%). The risk of an unfavourable outcome was higher in teeth with short root canal fillings (OR = 3.36; p = 0.002), when a preoperative radiolucency was present (OR = 2.59; p = 0.019) and when an intra-operative root canal perforation was detected (OR = 5.25; p = 0.016).Multiple regression models showed that Black (OR = 2.28; p = 0.05) and NBME patients (OR = 3.07; p = 0.008) had a higher risk of an unfavourable result compared to white patients.Conclusions Black and NBME patients had a significantly higher failure rate of root canal treatments compared to white patients. All other known pre-, intra- and post-operative risk factors for root canal treatment failure were present in similar proportions in BME and white patients.
Structure-function studies reveal ComEA contains an oligomerization domain essential for transformation in gram-positive bacteria
Authors: Ahmed Ishtiyaq , Hahn Jeanette , Henrickson Amy , Khaja Faisal Tarique , Demeler Borries , Dubnau David , Neiditch Matthew B. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAn essential step in bacterial transformation is the uptake of DNA into the periplasm, across the thick peptidoglycan cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria, or the outer membrane and thin peptidoglycan layer of Gram-negative bacteria. ComEA, a DNA-binding protein widely conserved in transformable bacteria, is required for this uptake step. Here we determine X-ray crystal structures of ComEA from two Gram-positive species,Bacillus subtilisandGeobacillus stearothermophilus, identifying a domain that is absent in Gram-negative bacteria. X-ray crystallographic, genetic, and analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC) analyses reveal that this domain drives ComEA oligomerization, which we show is required for transformation. We use multi-wavelength AUC (MW-AUC) to characterize the interaction between DNA and the ComEA DNA-binding domain. Finally, we present a model for the interaction of the ComEA DNA-binding domain with DNA, suggesting that ComEA oligomerization may provide a pulling force that drives DNA uptake across the thick cell walls of Gram-positive bacteria.
Focus image scanning microscopy for sharp and gentle super-resolved microscopy
Authors: Tortarolo Giorgio , Zunino Alessandro , Fersini Francesco , Castello Marco , Piazza Simonluca , Sheppard Colin J. R. , Bianchini Paolo , Diaspro Alberto , Koho Sami , Vicidomini Giuseppe 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTo date, the feasibility of super-resolution microscopy for imaging live and thick samples is still limited. Stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy requires high-intensity illumination to achieve sub-diffraction resolution, potentially introducing photodamage to live specimens. Moreover, the out-of-focus background may degrade the signal stemming from the focal plane. Here, we propose a new method to mitigate these limitations without drawbacks. First, we enhance a STED microscope with a detector array, enabling image scanning microscopy (ISM). Therefore, we implement STED-ISM, a method that exploits the working principle of ISM to reduce the depletion intensity and achieve a target resolution. Later, we develop Focus-ISM, a strategy to improve the optical sectioning and remove the background of any ISM-based imaging technique, with or without a STED beam. The proposed approach requires minimal architectural changes to a conventional microscope but provides substantial advantages for live and thick sample imaging.
How ornithopters can perch autonomously on a branch
Authors: Zufferey Raphael , Tormo-Barbero Jesus , Feliu-Talegón Daniel , Nekoo Saeed Rafee , Acosta José Ángel , Ollero Anibal 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFlapping wings produce lift and thrust in bio-inspired aerial robots, leading to quiet, safe and efficient flight. However, to extend their application scope, these robots must perch and land, a feat widely demonstrated by birds. Despite recent progress, flapping-wing vehicles, or ornithopters, are to this day unable to stop their flight. In this paper, we present a process to autonomously land an ornithopter on a branch. This method describes the joint operation of a pitch-yaw-altitude flapping flight controller, an optical close-range correction system and a bistable claw appendage design that can grasp a branch within 25 milliseconds and re-open. We validate this method with a 700 g robot and demonstrate the first autonomous perching flight of a flapping-wing robot on a branch, a result replicated with a second robot. This work paves the way towards the application of flapping-wing robots for long-range missions, bird observation, manipulation, and outdoor flight.
Condensates formed by prion-like low-complexity domains have small-world network structures and interfaces defined by expanded conformations
Authors: Farag Mina , Cohen Samuel R. , Borcherds Wade M. , Bremer Anne , Mittag Tanja , Pappu Rohit V. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBiomolecular condensates form via coupled associative and segregative phase transitions of multivalent associative macromolecules. Phase separation coupled to percolation is one example of such transitions. Here, we characterize molecular and mesoscale structural descriptions of condensates formed by intrinsically disordered prion-like low complexity domains (PLCDs). These systems conform to sticker-and-spacers architectures. Stickers are cohesive motifs that drive associative interactions through reversible crosslinking and spacers affect the cooperativity of crosslinking and overall macromolecular solubility. Our computations reproduce experimentally measured sequence-specific phase behaviors of PLCDs. Within simulated condensates, networks of reversible inter-sticker crosslinks organize PLCDs into small-world topologies. The overall dimensions of PLCDs vary with spatial location, being most expanded at and preferring to be oriented perpendicular to the interface. Our results demonstrate that even simple condensates with one type of macromolecule feature inhomogeneous spatial organizations of molecules and interfacial features that likely prime them for biochemical activity.
Significant contributions of combustion-related sources to ammonia emissions
Authors: Chen Zhi-Li , Song Wei , Hu Chao-Chen , Liu Xue-Jun , Chen Guan-Yi , Walters Wendell W. , Michalski Greg , Liu Cong-Qiang , Fowler David , Liu Xue-Yan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAtmospheric ammonia (NH3) and ammonium (NH4+) can substantially influence air quality, ecosystems, and climate. NH3 volatilization from fertilizers and wastes (v-NH3) has long been assumed to be the primary NH3 source, but the contribution of combustion-related NH3 (c-NH3, mainly fossil fuels and biomass burning) remains unconstrained. Here, we collated nitrogen isotopes of atmospheric NH3 and NH4+ and established a robust method to differentiate v-NH3 and c-NH3. We found that the relative contribution of the c-NH3 in the total NH3 emissions reached up to 40 ± 21% (6.6 ± 3.4 Tg N yr−1), 49 ± 16% (2.8 ± 0.9 Tg N yr−1), and 44 ± 19% (2.8 ± 1.3 Tg N yr−1) in East Asia, North America, and Europe, respectively, though its fractions and amounts in these regions generally decreased over the past decades. Given its importance, c-NH3 emission should be considered in making emission inventories, dispersion modeling, mitigation strategies, budgeting deposition fluxes, and evaluating the ecological effects of atmospheric NH3 loading.
Activation of a transient progenitor state in the epicardium is required for zebrafish heart regeneration
Authors: Xia Yu , Duca Sierra , Perder Björn , Dündar Friederike , Zumbo Paul , Qiu Miaoyan , Yao Jun , Cao Yingxi , Harrison Michael R. M. , Zangi Lior , Betel Doron , Cao Jingli 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe epicardium, a mesothelial cell tissue that encompasses vertebrate hearts, supports heart regeneration after injury through paracrine effects and as a source of multipotent progenitors. However, the progenitor state in the adult epicardium has yet to be defined. Through single-cell RNA-sequencing of isolated epicardial cells from uninjured and regenerating adult zebrafish hearts, we define the epithelial and mesenchymal subsets of the epicardium. We further identify a transiently activated epicardial progenitor cell (aEPC) subpopulation marked byptx3aandcol12a1bexpression. Upon cardiac injury, aEPCs emerge from the epithelial epicardium, migrate to enclose the wound, undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and differentiate into mural cells andpdgfra+hapln1a+mesenchymal epicardial cells. These EMT and differentiation processes are regulated by the Tgfβ pathway. Conditional ablation of aEPCs blocks heart regeneration through reducednrg1expression and mesenchymal cell number. Our findings identify a transient progenitor population of the adult epicardium that is indispensable for heart regeneration and highlight it as a potential target for enhancing cardiac repair.
Anomalous inapplicability of nacre-like architectures as impact-resistant templates in a wide range of impact velocities
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Wu Kaijin , Ni Yong , He Linghui 
Published: December 2022

AbstractNacre is generally regarded as tough body armor, but it was often smashed by predators with a certain striking speed. Nacre-like architectures have been demonstrated to dissipate abundant energy by tablets sliding at static or specific low-speed loads, but whether they’re still impact-resistant templates in a wide range of impact velocities remains unclear. Here, we find an anomalous phenomenon that nacre-like structures show superior energy-dissipation ability only in a narrow range of low impact velocities, while they exhibit lower impact resistance than laminated structures when impact velocity exceeds a critical value. This is because the tablets sliding in nacre-like structure occurs earlier and wider at low impact velocities, while it becomes localized at excessive impact velocities. Such anomalous phenomenon remains under different structural sizes and boundary conditions. It further inspires us to propose a hybrid architecture design strategy that achieves optimal impact resistance in a wide range of impact velocities.
Element-wise representations with ECNet for material property prediction and applications in high-entropy alloys
Authors: Wang Xinming , Tran Nguyen-Dung , Zeng Shuming , Hou Cong , Chen Ying , Ni Jun 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWhen developing deep learning models for accurate property prediction, it is sometimes overlooked that some material physical properties are insensitive to the local atomic environment. Here, we propose the elemental convolution neural networks (ECNet) to obtain more general and global element-wise representations to accurately model material properties. It shows better prediction in properties like band gaps, refractive index, and elastic moduli of crystals. To explore its application on high-entropy alloys (HEAs), we focus on the FeNiCoCrMn/Pd systems based on the data of DFT calculation. The knowledge from less-principal element alloys can enhance performance in HEAs by transfer learning technique. Besides, the element-wise features from the parent model as universal descriptors retain good accuracy at small data limits. Using this framework, we obtain the concentration-dependent formation energy, magnetic moment and local displacement in some sub-ternary and quinary systems. The results enriched the physics of those high-entropy alloys.
Novel time-domain NMR-based traits for rapid, label-free Olive oils profiling
Authors: dos Santos Vasco Rafael , Goncalves Victor , Deng Peishan , Ribeiro Ana Cristina , Teigao Mariana Maia , Dias Bárbara , Mendes Pinto Inês , Gallo Juan , Peng Weng Kung 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOlive oil is one of the oldest and essential edible oils in the market. The classification of olive oils (e.g. extra virgin, virgin, refined) is often influenced by factors ranging from its complex inherent physiochemical properties (e.g. fatty acid profiles) to the undisclosed manufacturing processes. Therefore, olive oils have been the target of adulteration due to its profitable margin. In this work, we demonstrate that multi-parametric time-domain NMR relaxometry can be used to rapidly (in minutes) identify and classify olive oils in label-free and non-destructive manner. The subtle differences in molecular microenvironment of the olive oils induce substantial changes in the relaxation mechanism in the time-domain NMR regime. We demonstrated that the proposed NMR-relaxation based detection (AUC = 0.95) is far more sensitive and specific than the current gold-standards in the field i.e. near-infrared spectroscopy (AUC = 0.84) and Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (AUC = 0.73), respectively. We further show that, albeit the inherent complexity of olive plant natural phenotypic variations, the proposed NMR-relaxation based traits may be a viable mean (AUC = 0.71) in tracing the regions of origin for olive trees, in agreement with their geographical orientation.
Photonic crystals umbrella for thermal desalination: simulation study
Authors: Sayed Hassan , Aly Arafa H. , Krauss Thomas F. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFor sustainable water desalination, there is a worldwide push towards solar thermal desalination with the objective to limit the amount of consumed energy in other desalination technologies and maximize the resulting freshwater from saline water. Here, we demonstrate a photonic crystals solar umbrella that covers the saline water surface, demanding to absorb all the incident electromagnetic wave and remit it as greater wavelengths in the range of mid-infrared (MIR) to be highly absorbed and localized close to the water surface. The temperature of the saline water with a refractive index of 1.3326 is reached to $$45^\circ \mathrm{C}$$

45
∘

C

after one hour of illumination with the incident power intensity equal 680 $$(\mathrm{w}/{\mathrm{m}}^{2})$$

(
w
/

m

2

)

. Hence, by adding one-dimensional PCs the surface temperature is reached $$77^\circ \mathrm{C}$$

77
∘

C

. Also, by adding 2D PCs to allow the vapor to flow up through the pores of the structure with the diameter of the pore equal to 500 nm, the surface temperature is reached $$100^\circ \mathrm{C}$$

100
∘

C

after three hour of illumination. Thus, the effective use of electromagnetic waves and warmth localization at the surface of saline water is accomplished by radiative coupling with the effect of 2D PCs. We design the considered structure by using COMSOL multiphysics which based on the finite element method (FEM).
Association of labour duration in spontaneous deliveries with low neonatal Apgar scores and foetal acidosis: the Japan Environment and Children’s Study
Authors: Murata Tsuyoshi , Yasuda Shun , Imaizumi Karin , Isogami Hirotaka , Fukuda Toma , Kyozuka Hyo , Yamaguchi Akiko , Sato Akiko , Ogata Yuka , Shinoki Kosei , Hosoya Mitsuaki , Yasumura Seiji , Hashimoto Koichi , Nishigori Hidekazu , Fujimori Keiya ,   The Japan Environment, Children’s Study (JECS) Group, Kamijima Michihiro , Yamazaki Shin , Ohya Yukihiro , Kishi Reiko , Yaegashi Nobuo , Hashimoto Koichi , Mori Chisato , Ito Shuichi , Yamagata Zentaro , Inadera Hidekuni , Nakayama Takeo , Iso Hiroyasu , Shima Masayuki , Nakamura Hiroshige , Suganuma Narufumi , Kusuhara Koichi , Katoh Takahiko 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis study evaluated the association between labour duration (LD) and incidence of low neonatal Apgar scores and foetal acidosis. Data of 37,682 women with full-term singleton spontaneous vaginal deliveries from the Japan Environment and Children’s Study were analysed. Women were classified according to the median LD as nulliparous (< 10 or ≥ 10 h) or multiparous (< 5 or ≥ 5 h) and further into five subcategories: nulliparous (< 10.0, 10.0–12.9, 13.0–15.9, 16.0–18.9, and ≥ 19 h) and multiparous (< 5.0, 5.0–7.9, 8.0–10.9, 11.0–13.9, and ≥ 14.0 h). Multiple logistic regression models were used to determine odds ratios (ORs) for outcomes in women with over-median LD. Over-median LD exhibited no statistically significant association with low neonatal Apgar scores. The adjusted ORs for both umbilical artery (UmA-pH) < 7.2 and < 7.1 were increased in nulliparous women with over-median LD, whereas only the adjusted OR for UmA-pH < 7.2 was increased in multiparous women with over-median LD. Moreover, this association manifested as a plateau in nulliparous women with LD ≥ 13 h and without dose-dependent association in multiparous women.
Complex selective manipulations of thermomagnetic programmable matter
Authors: Irisarri Josu , Ezcurdia Iñigo , Sandua Xabier , Galarreta-Rodriguez Itziar , Pérez-Landazabal Jose Ignacio , Marzo Asier 
Published: December 2022

AbstractProgrammable matter can change its shape, stiffness or other physical properties upon command. Previous work has shown contactless optically controlled matter or magnetic actuation, but the former is limited in strength and the latter in spatial resolution. Here, we show an unprecedented level of control combining light patterns and magnetic fields. A mixture of thermoplastic and ferromagnetic powder is heated up at specific locations that become malleable and are attracted by magnetic fields. These heated areas solidify on cool down, and the process can be repeated. We show complex control of 3D slabs, 2D sheets, and 1D filaments with applications in tactile displays and object manipulation. Due to the low transition temperature and the possibility of using microwave heating, the compound can be manipulated in air, water, or inside biological tissue having the potential to revolutionize biomedical devices, robotics or display technologies.
Oncologic necessity for the complete removal of residual microcalcifications after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer
Authors: Lee Jeeyeon , Park Nora Jee-Young , Park Ho Yong , Kim Wan Wook , Kang Byeongju , Keum Heejung , Kim Hye Jung , Kim Won Hwa , Chae Yee Soo , Lee Soo Jung , Lee In Hee , Park Ji-Young , Jung Jin Hyang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe surgical range of breast cancer that shows pathologic complete response (pCR) without change in microcalcifications after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is controversial. This study examined whole breast specimens to evaluate the necessity of mastectomy in those cases. The viability of cancer cells around the residual microcalcification was assessed using prospectively collected breast samples to confirm the presence or absence of cancer cells. A total of 144 patients with breast cancer and diffuse microcalcifications were classified into the reduced mass with no change in residual microcalcification (RESMIN, n = 49) and non-RESMIN (n = 95) groups. Five specimens were prospectively evaluated to assess the presence of viable cancer cells around the microcalcification. Tumor responses to NAC were significantly better with high pCR rates in the RESMIN group (p = 0.005 and p = 0.002). The incidence of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive and triple-negative breast cancers was significantly high in the RESMIN group (p = 0.007). Although five (10.2%) patients had locoregional recurrence in the RESMIN group, no local recurrence in the breast was reported. Although pCR was highly estimated, residual cancers, including ductal carcinoma in situ, remained in 80% cases. Therefore, given the weak scientific evidence available currently, complete removal of residual microcalcifications should be considered for oncologic safety.
The expression pattern of pyroptosis-related genes predicts the prognosis and drug response of melanoma
Authors: Zhou Bin , Sha Shanshan , Tao Juan , Li Jun , Shen Chen , Zhu Jinjin , Tan Lulu , Dong Liyun , Huang Changzheng 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCutaneous melanoma (CM, hereafter referred to as melanoma) is a highly malignant tumor that typically undergoes early metastasis. Pyroptosis, as a special programmed cell death process that releases inflammatory factors and has been widely studied in tumors, but its role in melanoma has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we examined the relationship between pyroptosis and the prognosis of melanoma through bioinformatic analysis of RNA-sequencing data. Our results demonstrated that pyroptosis is a protective factor associated with melanoma prognosis. A higher pyroptosis score was associated with a more favorable overall survival. We used weighted gene co-expression networks analysis (WGCNA) to establish an effective prognosis model based on 12 pyroptosis-related genes. We then validated it in two independent cohorts. Furthermore, a nomogram combining clinicopathological characteristics and a pyroptosis-related gene signature (PGS) score was designed to effectively evaluate the prognosis of melanoma. Additionally, we analyzed the potential roles of pyroptosis in the tumor immune microenvironment and drug response. Interestingly, we found that the elevated infiltration of multiple immune cells, such as CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, dendritic cells, and M1 macrophages, may be associated with the occurrence of pyroptosis. Pyroptosis was also related to a better response of melanoma to interferon-α, paclitaxel, cisplatin and imatinib. Through Spearman correlation analysis of the 12 pyroptosis-related genes and 135 chemotherapeutic agents in the Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer database, we identified solute carrier family 31 member 2 (SLC31A2) and collagen type 4 alpha 5 chain (COL4A5) as being associated with resistance to most of these drugs. In conclusion, this PGS is an effective and novelty prognostic indicator in melanoma, and also has an association with the melanoma immune microenvironment and melanoma treatment decision-making.