bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pediatric abdominal trauma in a National Referral Hospital
Authors: Alice Nimanya Stella , Sekabira John , Kakembo Nasser , Kisa Phyllis , Massenga Alicia , Naluyimbazi Rovine , Oyania Felix , Okello Innocent 
Published: August 2022

Background: Trauma is a major contributor to pediatric morbidity and mortality. Injury and violence are a major killer of children throughout the world. Unintentional injuries account for almost 90% of these cases. They are the leading cause of death for children aged 10-19 years. More than 95% of all injury deaths in children occur in low income and middle-income countries. Abdominal trauma is present in approximately 25% of pediatric patients with major trauma and is the most common cause of unrecognized fatal injury in children.
Objectives: To describe the patterns, the management and outcomes of pediatric abdominal trauma. This was a descriptive retrospective study. Data was extracted from the Pediatric surgery Unit database from January 2012 to July 2019 on all abdominal trauma admissions to the unit.
Results: Falls were the commonest (51.3%) mechanism for trauma on the unit. Most (84%) of the admissions had blunt abdominal trauma, with the majority (77%) managed non operatively. Only 16% had penetrating trauma, with the majority (84%) of these managed operatively. The average length of hospital stay for most (71.9%) of the patients was less than 7 days, with 96.1% of all admitted patients being discharged upon recovery.
Conclusion: Blunt abdominal trauma is the most common pattern of pediatric abdominal trauma, with majority of these patients being managed non-operatively with good outcomes. Selective non-operative management for penetrating pediatric abdominal trauma has good patient outcomes as well.
Keywords: Pediatric trauma; abdominal injury.
Infectious Diseases Institute at Makerere University College of Health Sciences: a case study of a sustainable capacity building model for health care, research and training
Authors: Nakanjako Damalie , Castelnuovo Barbara , Sewamkambo Nelson , Kakaire Tom , L Brough Richard , T Katabira Elly , L Thomas David , C Quinn Thomas , Colebunders Robert , C Greene Warner , R Ronald Allan , Coutinho Alex , McAdam Keith , Serwadda David , Wabwire-Mangen Fred , Katongole-Mbidde Edward , Musoke Philippa , Joloba Moses , McKinnell Henry , Kamya Moses , Mayanja-Kizza Harriet , C Manabe Yukari , Kambugu Andrew 
Published: August 2022

The Infectious Diseases Institute (IDI), established in 2001, was the first autonomous institution of Makerere University set up as an example of what self-governing institutes can do in transforming the academic environment to become a rapidly progressive University addressing the needs of society. This paper describes the success factors and lessons learned in development of sustainable centers of excellence to prepare academic institutions to respond appropriately to current and future challenges to global health.
Key success factors included a) strong collaboration by local and international experts to combat the HIV pandemic, along with b) seed funding from Pfizer Inc., c) longstanding collaboration with Accordia Global Health Foundation to create and sustain institutional strengthening programs, d) development of a critical mass of multi-disciplinary research leaders and managers of the center, and e) a series of strong directors who built strong governance structures to execute the vision of the institute, with subsequent transition to local leadership.
Conclusion: Twenty years of sustained investment in infrastructure, human capital, leadership, and collaborations present Makerere University and the sub-Saharan Africa region with an agile center of excellence with preparedness to meet the current and future challenges to global health.
Keywords: Capacity building; public-private partnership; global epidemic response.
Twenty years of Prevention of Mother to Child HIV Transmission: research to implementation at a national referral hospital in Uganda
Authors: Namara-Lugolobi Emily , Namukwaya Zikulah , Owor Maxensia , Ouma Joseph , Namale-Matovu Joyce , Nakabiito Clemensia , Ndugwa Christopher , Glenn Fowler Mary , Musoke Phillipa 
Published: August 2022

Background: Over 90% of new paediatric HIV infections are acquired through mother to child transmission. Prevention of mother to child HIV transmission (PMTCT) research in sub-Saharan Africa informed WHO guidelines which enabled implementation of PMTCT programs globally.
Objectives: To describe Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University (MU-JHU) perinatal HIV prevention research and implementation of the Mulago National Referral Hospital (MNRH) PMTCT program.
Methods: Perinatal HIV prevention studies conducted at MU-JHU between 1997–2016 were summarized. Program aggregated data was extracted and analyzed using STATA 15.
Results: In 1999, the HIVNET 012 study demonstrated that single-dose nevirapine (sdNVP) to the mother at onset of labor and to her newborn, reduced MTCT by nearly 50%. In 2016, the PROMISE study documented the safety and efficacy of ART during pregnancy and breastfeeding period. Program implementation at MNRH started in 2000. Uptake of HIV testing increased from 70% to 99% from 2006 onwards. sd NVP was the initial ARV regimen but by 2012, MOH recommended Option B+(triple therapy). MTCT rates reduced from 16.9% in 2001 to 2.3% in 2020.
Conclusion: Perinatal HIV prevention clinical trials conducted at MU-JHU provided evidence to inform WHO PMTCT guidelines. MNRH program evaluation demonstrated the significant decline in MTCT rates over the last two decades.
Keywords: PMTCT Research; PMTCT Program; sub-Saharan Africa.
Changes in normal and apoptotic pyramidal neuronal cell densities in prefrontal cortex of the male rat following chronic khat use
Authors: Karau Paul Bundi , Odula Paul , Obimbo Moses 
Published: August 2022

Long-term Khat consumption is associated with significant neuro-cognitive changes, which have been elucidated in behavioral studies. However, correlation of these neurophysiological changes with experimental structural changes in prefrontal neurons has not been described adequately. Young adult male Winstar rats, aged 2-3 months, weighing 200-300 grams were randomized into four groups of 11 each to correspond with those used as controls, those that received 500mg/kg, 1000mg/kg and 2000mg/kg body weight khat extracts respectively. The control rats were fed on normal diet, while experimental groups were fed on normal diet and khat extracts using oral gavage for 6 weeks. The animals were sacrificed, and their brains removed. Toluidine blue staining was used to elucidate the Nissl substance. Image-Fiji was used to analyse densities of normal and apoptotic pyramidal neuronal densities across the 4 experimental groups. Normal pyramidal neurons were identifiable by their characteristic uniform size and prominent nucleoli, while apoptotic cells displayed prominent eosinophilia and pyknotic nuclei. There was a statistically significant increase in apoptotic pyramidal neurons across the three khat-fed groups compared to controls, and a decrease in normal pyramidal neuronal population from controls with increasing doses of khat. This decrease in normal pyramidal neurons and increase in apoptosis could be a potential surrogate for neurocognitive perturbations associated with chronic khat use.
Relationship of the neurovascular structures of the infratemporal fossae in black Zimbabweans: A cadaveric study
Authors: Makosa Tapera , Bere Silas , Chidavaenzi Robstein , Mawera Gilbert 
Published: August 2022

The Maxillary Artery (MA) is known to vary in its relationship to lateral pterygoid muscle (LPM) and its relationship to inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) and lingual nerve (LN). The variation poses surgical challenges and complications in anesthetic injection. This cadaveric study sought to describe the anatomy of the inferior alveolar nerve, lingual nerve and maxillary artery in infratemporal fossa and its associated variations. Thirty hemi- sections from 15 male cadavers were used. Dissection of the infratemporal fossae was done to expose the MA, LPM, IAN and LN. The relationship of MA to LPM was noted, roots of IAN were noted and relationship of structures were scrutinized. Pictures were taken for further analysis. Out of 30 hemi-sections, dissected 43.3% had a medial relationship to LPM while 56.7% of MA had a lateral relationship. Three (20%) of the cadavers showed asymmetry whereby MA passed on the medial side of LPM on one side while the other side it passed on the lateral aspect. Most of the hemi- sections (86.7%) had IAN originating with one (1) root, 3 hemi-sections (10%) with two roots and one (3.3%) with three roots. Only one hemi-section showed presence of a communicating branch between IAN and LN. The variations in MA in this population displays patterns comparable to other populations. There was high prevalence of MA passing lateral to LPM, which is consistent with studies done elsewhere. There were variations of IAN originating with multiple roots and presence of communicating branch between IAN and LN, which was consistent with case reports in literature.
Politics of managing university education with emerging technologies in the covid-19 pandemic era: perspectives of academic staff in cross river state, nigeria.
Authors: Ekpenyong Asuquo, Michael , Imo Ekpoh, Uduak , Victoria Udeh, Kelechi 
Published: August 2022

The aim of this study was to analyze academic staff perception of politics of managing university education with emerging technologies in the Covid-19 pandemic era in Cross River State, Nigeria. Descriptive survey research design was adopted in this study. The population of the study was made up of all the 2867 academic staff academic staff cutting across the University of Calabar and Cross River University of Technology, all in Cross River State, Nigeria. To collect data for the study, the sample of the study was 1432 academic staff randomly selected from the entire population of academic staff of the two universities. Questionnaire was the major instrument for data collection. Data collected were coded and analyzed using mean, standard deviation and frequency counts. It was found among others that; appointment, funding, employment, award of contract and payment of EAA are all areas with political interference in the university system; YouTube, Edmodo, Facebook WhatsApp, Blogging, Telegramm, Digital White Board, Wechat, EasyBib, Notability, Projector and Zoom are among the emerging technologies in the university for teaching and learning in the covid-19 pandemic era. Among the recommendations was that university management and the government should ensure that emerging technologies are made available and optimally utilized by both academic staff and students for effective teaching, learning, assessment of students, research result dissemination and for the general management of the public universities.
RACISM ASPECT IN GET OUT MOVIE DIRECTED BY JORDAN PEELE
Authors: Buansari Istihayyu , Pangestu Maulani , Kans Fariz Rakha 
Published: August 2022

<p align="center"><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p><em>The purpose of this </em><em>research</em><em> </em><em>is</em><em> to determine all aspects of racism in the Get Out film, especially the type of racism, the effects of racism and the type of stereotype. This </em><em>research</em><em> used descriptive qualitative method. The data is collected through films that are watched repeatedly and analyzed by the writer and the writer looks for a theory that is in accordance with the observation process from the opinions of experts, journals, books, and social media, then compared with existing opinions. The author uses the theory of Samovar and Maher, well-known researchers who study racism and discrimination. The author found that the racism experienced by Chris Washington in the film Get Out was developed from the beginning to the end of the story. The result of the research film Racism is a belief system or doctrine which states that biological differences inherent in the human race determine cultural or individual attainment - that one race is superior and has the right to rule over another. The results of this study can be concluded that the types of racism are divided into two forms, namely Individual Racism and Micro-Aggression Racism.</em> <em>And also, this </em><em>research</em><em> can be concluded that there are two stereotypes of racism, namely discrimination and prejudice.</em></p>
PENGARUH PENDIDIKAN DAN PELATIHAN, KEPEMIMPINAN, TANGGUNG JAWAB DAN KOMPENSASI TERHADAP KINERJA GURU
Authors: Hunta Saiful , Ibrahim Meioon , Suyanto Mohamad Afan 
Published: August 2022

This study aims to determine and analyze the variables of education and training (training), leadership, responsibility and compensation affect the performance of State Junior High School teachers in Marisa District.
The population that is used as the research target is the parties related to the performance of State Junior High School Teachers, a total of 70 people, and all of them are respondents using multiple linear regression analysis models.
Based on the results of statistical analysis through the SPSS Program, it shows that together the four independent variables, namely: the influence of education and training, leadership, responsibility, and compensation have a positive and significant influence on teacher performance and leadership has a dominant significant influence on teacher performance. State Junior High School in Marisa . District
PENGARUH EFIKASI DIRI, PERENCANAAN KARIR TERHADAP KESIAPAN KERJA DIMODERASI LAYANAN INFORMASI KARIR
Authors: Susilowati Ari , Fauzan Mohammad 
Published: August 2022

Tujuan Penelitian adalah (1) menganalisis pengaruh efikasi diri terhadap kesiapan kerja siswa, (2) menganalisis pengaruh perencanaan karir terhadap kesiapan kerja siswa, (3) menganalisis pengaruh layanan informasi karir terhadap kesiapan kerja siswa, (4) menganalisis pengaruh efikasi diri terhadap kesiapan kerja yang dimoderasi layanan informasi karir, (5) menganalisis pengaruh perencanaan karir terhadap kesiapan kerja yang dimoderasi layanan informasi karir siswa kelas XII SMK N 1 Kandeman Batang. Jenis penelitian penjelasan (explanatory research). Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh siswa kelas XII SMK N 1 Kandeman, Batang sebanyak 492 orang siswa tahun ajaran 2020/2021 dan sampel penelitian sebanyak 155 siswa (31,5 % dari populasi). Data yang digunakan adalah data primer yang diperoleh langsung dari responden melalui kuesionair. Teknik analisis menggunakan model regresi quasi moderasi. Temuan penelitian adalah (1) efikasi diri berpengaruh positif terhadap kesiapan kerja siswa, (2) perencanaan karir tidak berpengaruh terhadap kesiapan kerja siswa, (3) layanan informasi karir berpengaruh positif terhadap kesiapan kerja siswa, (4) layanan informasi karir tidak memoderasi pengaruh efikasi diri terhadap kesiapan kerja siswa, (5) Layanan Informasi karir tidak memoderasi pengaruh perencanaan karir terhadap kesiapan kerja siswa kelas XII SMK N 1 Kandeman, Batang.
The Egyptian Transition towards Telemedicine during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Magdy Ahmed , Maher Mamdouh , Ezaldin Shady , Elhossieny Eslam , Zarif Bassem 
Published: August 2022

Purpose: Telemedicine is representing the future of medical services. It shows many advantages and promising opportunities. It has been tried in different medical specialties. The COVID-19 pandemic has enhanced the establishment of telemedicine services worldwide. Low and middle income countries such as Egypt are still new to these technologies. The purpose of this study is to provide a snapshot data on the current situation in Egypt and assess its transition towards more integrated telemedicine services from the physicians' perspective.
Methodology: This is a cross sectional survey through Online and offline questionnaire filled out by cardiologists selected randomly from different institutions in Egypt asking about their experience on the telemedicine (TM) services in Egypt. The data was validated by two authors separately.
Findings: A total of 66 cardiology physicians have fully responded to the questionnaire on telemedicine in Egypt. Of the responding doctors, 57.6% said TM helped with emergent situations while 66.7% of them said lack of integrated assessment tools is a challenge hindering the transition towards TM in Egypt. The vast majority of doctors (95.5%) believe that the COVID-19 pandemic increased the usage of TM. Many physicians (77.3%) thought there should be guidelines and protocols to guide the online consultation process. Despite the fact this snapshot data has revealed that the Egyptian experience in TM service is far from the standard, it has showed that collaborative effort from all the stakeholders is mandatory. The COVID- 19 pandemic has enhanced the transition process, but some obstacles are still needed to overcome.
Recommendations: Further research on the TM in Egypt is required to provide clearer insights on the situation. New strategies to be developed by the Egyptian government and the leading medical institutions are needed. Appropriate training and payment to the health care providers for the medical services are needed. Finally, working on the internet infrastructure and public health awareness and usage of medical applications are key elements in developing the TM service.
GEORG PHILIPP TELEMANN’IN OBUA KONÇERTOLARI VE OBUA REPERTUVARINA KATKILARI
Authors: SERBEST Özge , TAN Zerrin 
Published: August 2022

Georg Philipp Telemann’ın yaşadığı ve Klasik Batı Müziği’nin altın çağı olan Geç Barok dönem; yeniliklerin ve birden fazla müzik formunun geliştiği, konçerto ve sonatın zirveye ulaştığı dönemdir. Bu dönemde tüm besteciler, özellikle Georg Philipp Telemann tarafından benimsenen obua, dönemin en popüler enstrümanlarından olmuştur ve obua için yüzlerce beste yapılmıştır.
G. Ph. Telemann’ın, her ülkenin müzikal öğelerini eserlerinde kullanması müzikte devrim yaratan bir özelliğidir. Zengin armonik düşünceleri, etkili melodileri, karmaşık motifleri sayesinde çağının en saygıdeğer bestecisi olmuştur. Dönemin en üretken bestecisi olarak tanınan G. Ph. Telemann, her enstrüman için sayısız beste yapmıştır. En üretken ve en verimli dönemlerinde bestelediği obua konçertoları, fantazileri ve sonatları, obua repertuvarına çok büyük katkı sağlamıştır.
Bu araştırmada, Georg Philipp Telemann’ın obua için bestelediği popüler konçertolar tanıtılmış ve onları icra edecek müzisyenler için içerikleri incelenmiştir. İcracıların dönemi ve enstrümanı daha derin kavrayabilmeleri, G. Ph. Telemann’ın müzikal kimliğini tanımaları için Barok dönemin, obuanın ve G. Ph. Telemann’ın müzikal özelliklerine değinilmiştir.
LUDWIG VAN BEETHOVEN'IN OP.96 KEMAN-PİYANO SONATI'NIN BİRİNCİ BÖLÜMÜNÜN KARAKTER VE TEMATİK ANALİZİ
Authors: ÖZKAN Çağdaş 
Published: August 2022

18. yüzyılın sonlarına doğru keman-piyano sonatı yazma anlayışı dönemin önde gelen bestecilerinden Ludwig van Beethoven'ın yazdığı sonatlar ile değişiklik göstermeye başlamış, Beethoven yazdığı keman-piyano sonatlarındaki yenilikçi müzik anlayışıyla kendinden sonra gelen bestecilere yön vermiştir. Keman-piyano için toplamda on sonat yazan bestecinin Op.96 numaralı son sonatının özellikle birinci bölümü klasik sonat yazma geleneğinin çok ötesinde bir yapıya sahip olup, Beethoven'ın yenilikçi üslubunun açık bir göstergesidir.
Bu çalışmada Klasik Dönem'den Romantik Dönem'e geçiş hareketini başlatan isim olarak kabul edilen Ludwig van Beethoven'ın Op.96 numaralı keman-piyano sonatının birinci bölümü karakter özellikleri ve tematik açılardan incelenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda elde edilen bilgi ve bulguların eserin icrasında yol gösterici olmasının yanı sıra keman ve piyano eğitimleri için de yol gösterici olması öngörülmektedir.
A global map of local climate zones to support earth system modelling and urban-scale environmental science
Authors: Demuzere Matthias , Kittner Jonas , Martilli Alberto , Mills Gerald , Moede Christian , Stewart Iain D. , van Vliet Jasper , Bechtel Benjamin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract. There is a scientific consensus on the need for spatially detailed information on urban landscapes at a global scale. These data can support a range of environmental services, since cities are places of intense resource consumption and waste generation and of concentrated infrastructure and human settlement exposed to multiple hazards of natural and anthropogenic origin. In the face of climate change, urban data are also required to explore future urbanization pathways and urban design strategies in order to lock in long-term resilience and sustainability, protecting cities from future decisions that could undermine their adaptability and mitigation role. To serve this purpose, we present a 100 m-resolution global map of local climate zones (LCZs), a universal urban typology that can distinguish urban areas on a holistic basis, accounting for the typical combination of micro-scale land covers and associated physical properties. The global LCZ map, composed of 10 built and 7 natural land cover types, is generated by feeding an unprecedented number of labelled training areas and earth observation images into lightweight random forest models. Its quality is assessed using a bootstrap cross-validation alongside a thematic benchmark for 150 selected functional urban areas using independent global and open-source data on surface cover, surface imperviousness, building height, and anthropogenic heat. As each LCZ type is associated with generic numerical descriptions of key urban canopy parameters that regulate atmospheric responses to urbanization, the availability of this globally consistent and climate-relevant urban description is an important prerequisite for supporting model development and creating evidence-based climate-sensitive urban planning policies. This dataset can be downloaded from https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6364594 (Demuzere et al., 2022a).
AWI-CM3 coupled climate model: description and evaluation experiments for a prototype post-CMIP6 model
Authors: Streffing Jan , Sidorenko Dmitry , Semmler Tido , Zampieri Lorenzo , Scholz Patrick , Andrés-Martínez Miguel , Koldunov Nikolay , Rackow Thomas , Kjellsson Joakim , Goessling Helge , Athanase Marylou , Wang Qiang , Hegewald Jan , Sein Dmitry V. , Mu Longjiang , Fladrich Uwe , Barbi Dirk , Gierz Paul , Danilov Sergey , Juricke Stephan , Lohmann Gerrit , Jung Thomas 
Published: August 2022

Abstract. We developed a new version of the Alfred Wegener Institute Climate Model (AWI-CM3), which has higher skills in representing the observed climatology and better computational efficiency than its predecessors. Its ocean component FESOM2 (Finite-volumE Sea ice–Ocean Model) has the multi-resolution functionality typical of unstructured-mesh models while still featuring a scalability and efficiency similar to regular-grid models. The atmospheric component OpenIFS (CY43R3) enables the use of the latest developments in the numerical-weather-prediction community in climate sciences. In this paper we describe the coupling of the model components and evaluate the model performance on a variable-resolution (25–125 km) ocean mesh and a 61 km atmosphere grid, which serves as a reference and starting point for other ongoing research activities with AWI-CM3. This includes the exploration of high and variable resolution and the development of a full Earth system model as well as the creation of a new sea ice prediction system. At this early development stage and with the given coarse to medium resolutions, the model already features above-CMIP6-average skills (where CMIP6 denotes Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6) in representing the climatology and competitive model throughput. Finally we identify remaining biases and suggest further improvements to be made to the model.