bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sociopolitical Violence and Child Development
Authors: Cummings E. Mark , Wentz Bethany , Lee Michelle 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Over one billion children around the globe are exposed to political violence and armed conflict. Current literature identifies the risks and challenges that growing up amidst violence poses to optimal child development, and these risks and challenges require that researchers continue to pursue process-oriented examination and intervention for the youth in these contexts. With a particular focus on research in Northern Ireland, this chapter will showcase the depth and breadth of the extant body of scientific work in this arena. A developmental psychopathology perspective is employed to integrate the current empirical literature on this topic, including processes contributing to maladaptive and prosocial outcomes. While researchers have made remarkable progress in this area, considerable challenges and significant gaps in knowledge remain; most notably, relatively few longitudinal, process-oriented studies have been conducted. The chapter concludes with an illumination of the path forward for future research from a developmental psychopathology perspective.
Preventing and Responding to Violence Against Children
Authors: Miller-Graff Laura E. , Moeschberger Scott L. , Maloney Catherine A. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Violence against children (VAC) is a complex social problem, and this edited volume offers important insights for how researchers, practitioners, and policymakers can continue to advance work on the prevention and response to VAC in all of its forms. Specifically, researchers should employ a diverse conceptualization of violence, considering the co-occurring and compounding effects of violence on the lives of children. Researchers should also continue to forward longitudinal and process-oriented work, as well as mixed-methods work focusing on trajectories of both risk and resilience. This will further advance well-contextualized and holistic understandings of children’s flourishing. Practitioners should regularly engage in multisystemic and multisectoral partnerships to support comprehensive models of care, with the prevention of violence as a critical goal of these efforts. Similarly, policymakers should consider how to support integrated networks that address children’s holistic needs.
Stents and grafts
Authors: Balla Sujana , Nieman Koen 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Stents and grafts each pose specific imaging challenges. In selected patients cardiac CT can provide valuable information in well-performed studies. This chapter highlights the appropriate use and interpretation of cardiac CT in patients with stents and grafts. Also discussed are the challenges of imaging stents and bypass grafts and ways to optimize image quality and reconstruction for adequate interpretation.
Graft vasculopathy in transplanted hearts
Authors: Bartykowszki Andrea 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) is the leading cause of mortality post-heart transplantation at 1 year and beyond. CAV consists of diffuse narrowing by concentric intimal hyperplasia of the coronary arteries (different from the more focal classical coronary artery disease found in non-transplanted hearts). Additionally, CAV tends to be clinically more insidious, as typical symptoms like angina are rare owing to the absence of innervation. Consequently, transplanted patient undergo regular (often annual) invasive angiography to exclude the presence and progression of silent CAV. However, in experienced centres coronary CT angiography may be a valuable alternative to invasive angiography to evaluate CAV avoiding the risks inherent with invasive procedures. The higher resting heart rates and inefficiency of beta-receptor antagonists encountered in heart transplant recipients pose significant technical challenges to CT imaging.
Mitral valve disease
Authors: Guglielmo Marco 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Cardiac CT is gaining increased importance in mitral valve disease evaluation. Cardiac CT provides a detailed anatomical assessment of the entire mitral apparatus, including papillary muscles, chordae tendinea, mitral annulus, and leaflets. As a consequence, cardiac CT ensures precise information on the mitral regurgitation mechanism for both functional and degenerative valvulopathy. More importantly, cardiac CT has become fundamental in transcatheter mitral valve replacement (TMVR). Indeed, it is able to depict accurately and reproducibly the complex three-dimensional anatomy of the mitral annulus and left ventricle outflow tract, providing essential measures for TMVR, including the so-called ‘neo’ left ventricle outflow tract (LVOT), preventing the fearsome complication of LVOT obstruction.
European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging certification standards in cardiac CT
Authors: Baggiano Andrea 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Certification in health care is meant to guarantee patients the best diagnosis or treatment, while it represents an opportunity for physicians to expand their knowledge and acquire professional credibility. Considering the high technical and clinical expertise necessary to perform a good CT angiography scan, the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI) decided to create a certification process that will test all the candidates on the indications and contraindications for appropriate cardiac CT patient referral, the principles of cardiac CT scan acquisition techniques and dose-saving algorithms, image display and interpretation, and reporting. Three levels of competency have been created, tailored to candidate’s requirements, with specific thresholds of continuing medical education credits and practical cases. Moreover, to gain a competency level of 2 or 3, a written exam composed of two parts (multiple-choice questions and interpretation of clinical cases) must be passed.
Quality in radiotherapy
Authors: Morgan Andrew , MacDougall Niall 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter, ‘Quality in Radiotherapy’, demonstrates how the implementation and development of quality systems over the past 30 years has contributed to the radiotherapy process in the United Kingdom. The nomenclature surrounding quality systems is defined and the subtle differences between accuracy and precision are clarified, as are those between quality control (QC) and quality assurance (QA). Important developments in equipment technology highlight the significant quality improvements that have occurred in the delivery accuracy of radiotherapy through image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT). Significant radiotherapy incidents are used as learning points to demonstrate the consequences of quality failure.
The ABCDs of Dignity-Conserving Care
Authors: Chochinov Harvey Max 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The ABCDs of dignity-conserving care acknowledges that everyone working in healthcare brings certain innate qualities, outlooks, and ways of engaging with patients that profoundly shape each clinical encounter. Attitude, behavior, compassion, and dialogue address core competencies healthcare providers must be mindful of to achieve dignity in care. This chapter describes the ABCDs in detail, along with introducing the concept of the Platinum Rule (i.e., doing unto patients as they would want done unto themselves); appreciating the critical role of the healthcare provider as a witness, and how that helps shape the patient experience; and describing the Patient Dignity Question (i.e., What do I need to know about you as a person to take the best care of you possible?).
The Model of Optimal Therapeutic Communication
Authors: Chochinov Harvey Max 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter presents a unique, data-driven model of effective communication, akin to an anatomical dissection of what makes clinical encounters work. This model brings together the need to understand patient responses (Chapter 1) while invoking healthcare provider approaches and characteristics (Chapter 2), leading to optimal therapeutic communication. Elements of the model include theraputic approaches, creating a safe space, personal growth and self-care, therapeutic pacing, therapeutic presence, and therapeutic humility. The model is based on the collective input and wisdom of scores of healthcare professionals and offers guidance and direction for achieving dignity in care.
A Military Community Cohort Study Reveals Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Inflammation Mediator Genes That Associate With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Myers Jamie L , Xia Hui , Caballero Manuel Y , Valtier Sandra , Chaudry G Jilani 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a prevalent metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia of varying degrees. Genetic and lifestyle variations are known to influence the onset and severity of T2DM. Among the genetic variations reported to confer susceptibility to the disease are certain single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Here, we report the analysis of 18 such SNPs in a military community cohort of 716 subjects, comprising 477 diabetic and 239 control subjects. The population studied included active-duty military personnel, veterans, and their families. The SNPs analyzed in this work occur in nine different genes, comprising six interleukin (IL) genes (IL1A, IL1B, IL4, IL6, IL10, and IL18), fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) gene, and cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2 genes (CNR1, CNR2). The products of these genes are players in different conditions, including inflammation, a process linked with diabetes.

Materials and Methods
The T2DM and control (no diabetes) DNA samples were acquired from an archived sample repository (Center for Advanced Molecular Detection, 59th Medical Wing, U.S. Air Force, Joint Base San Antonio [JBSA]-Lackland, TX). The blood samples had been previously collected from gender- and race-mixed cohorts under a protocol approved by the 59th Medical Wing Institutional Review Board. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping was done by real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) using TaqMan assay reagents. The statistical analysis software 9.3 (SAS 9.3) was used for statistical analyses to reveal associations between the SNP genotypes and T2DM.

Results
Out of the 18 SNPs analyzed, six showed statistically significant association with T2DM in the overall cohort (P &lt; .05). The odds ratio for these associations varied from 1.57 to 3.16. The rs16944 T/T homozygous genotype (IL1B) showed the strongest association with T2DM, with P = .005. In the White cohort, five of these six SNPs and one other, rs806368 (cannabinoid receptor 1), associate with T2DM. However, the gender-specific analysis of the White cohort revealed only two SNP associations with T2DM in the female cohort, rs16944 (IL1B) and rs2295632 (FAAH), both also showing association in the overall mixed cohort. Likewise, four SNPs showed T2DM association in the White male cohort, with rs187238 (IL18) being uniquely significant in this group.

Conclusions
The IL1B SNP rs16944 showed consistent statistically significant association with T2DM and therefore is likely a promising biomarker for T2DM. We note, however, that this association in a generic sense may be with the inflammatory process that accompanies T2DM and not per se with T2DM.
Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA): extended intragroup light in a group at z = 0.2 from deep Hyper Suprime-Cam images
Authors: Martínez-Lombilla Cristina , Brough Sarah , Montes Mireia , Baena-Gallé Roberto , Akhlaghi Mohammad , Infante-Sainz Raúl , Driver Simon P , Holwerda Benne W , Pimbblet Kevin A , Robotham Aaron S G 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
We present a pilot study to assess the potential of Hyper Suprime-Cam Public Data Release 2 (HSC-PDR2) images for the analysis of extended faint structures within groups of galaxies. We examine the intragroup light (IGL) of the group 400138 (Mdyn = 1.3 ± 0.5 × 1013 M⊙, z ∼ 0.2) from the Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA) survey using Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program Public Data Release 2 (HSC-SSP PDR2) images in g, r, and i bands. We present the most extended IGL measurement to date, reaching down to $\mu _{g}^{\rm {lim}}=30.76$ mag arcsec−2 (3σ; 10 × 10 arcsec2) at a semimajor axis of 275 kpc. The IGL shows mean colour values of g − i = 0.92, g − r = 0.60, and r − i = 0.32 (±0.01). The IGL stellar populations are younger (2–2.5 Gyr) and less metal rich ([Fe/H] ∼ −0.4) than those of the host group galaxies. We find a range of IGL fractions as a function of total group luminosity of ${\sim} 2\!-\!36 {{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ depending on the definition of IGL, with larger fractions the bluer the observation wavelength. The early-type to late-type galaxy ratio suggests that 400138 is a more evolved group, dominated by early-type galaxies, and the IGL fraction agrees with that of other similarly evolved groups. These results are consistent with tidal stripping of the outer parts of Milky Way-like galaxies as the main driver of the IGL build-up. This is supported by the detection of substructure in the IGL towards the galaxy member 1660615 suggesting a recent interaction (&lt;1 Gyr ago) of that galaxy with the core of the group.
The Thing Metabolome Repository family (XMRs): comparable untargeted metabolome databases for analyzing sample-specific unknown metabolites
Authors: Sakurai Nozomu , Yamazaki Shinichi , Suda Kunihiro , Hosoki Ai , Akimoto Nayumi , Takahashi Haruya , Shibata Daisuke , Aoki Yuichi 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The identification of unknown chemicals has emerged as a significant issue in untargeted metabolome analysis owing to the limited availability of purified standards for identification; this is a major bottleneck for the accumulation of reusable metabolome data in systems biology. Public resources for discovering and prioritizing the unknowns that should be subject to practical identification, as well as further detailed study of spending costs and the risks of misprediction, are lacking. As such a resource, we released databases, Food-, Plant- and Thing-Metabolome Repository (http://metabolites.in/foods, http://metabolites.in/plants, and http://metabolites.in/things, referred to as XMRs) in which the sample-specific localization of unknowns detected by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry in a wide variety of samples can be examined, helping to discover and prioritize the unknowns. A set of application programming interfaces for the XMRs facilitates the use of metabolome data for large-scale analysis and data mining. Several applications of XMRs, including integrated metabolome and genome analyses, are presented. Expanding the concept of XMRs will accelerate the identification of unknowns and increase the discovery of new knowledge.
Parental experiences of the impact of grooming and criminal exploitation of children for county lines drug trafficking
Authors: Dando Coral J , Ormerod Thomas C , Atkinson-Sheppard Sally 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundCounty lines is used to describe the illicit drug supply model whereby drugs are transported from one area of the country to another, often by children believed to have been physically and psychologically coerced to do so. County lines is a serious threat to public health, with significant negative impacts on the physical and psychological health and wellbeing of children and families.MethodsWe conducted in-depth interviews with parents of children involved in county lines to understand their experiences and the impact of grooming and recruitment. Interviews were conducted between December 2019 and January 2021. Thematic analysis identified four primary themes: (i) out of nowhere behaviour change, (ii) escalation and entrenchment, (iii) impact of intervention failures and (iv) destructive lifestyle choices.ResultsParents from across England all reported similar experiences, and so these data offer novel insight into potential grooming and recruitment indicators. All were frustrated by the prevailing vulnerable narrative, which they argued hindered understanding. A lack of consultation, and reports of numerous intervention failures was common.ConclusionThe importance of giving parents a voice and involving them as a potential first line of defence, and how the current vulnerability narrative appears to be closing impactful education opportunities are discussed.
Costs and import costs of past, present, and future TB drug regimens: a case study for Karakalpakstan, Uzbekistan
Authors: Kohler Stefan , Sitali Norman , Achar Jay , Paul Nicolas 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
Tuberculosis (TB) drugs and their import are costly. We assessed how shorter TB drug regimens, which were non-inferior or superior in recent TB trials, can affect the costs for purchasing and importing TB drugs.

Methods
We estimated the drug costs and import costs of 39 longer and shorter TB drug regimens using TB drug prices from the Global Drug Facility and import cost estimates for a TB program in Karakalpakstan, Uzbekistan. Drug regimens from recent TB trials were compared with TB drug regimens following present or past World Health Organization recommendations.

Results
We estimated an import cost of $4.19 and a drug cost of $43 per standard 6-month drug-sensitive (DS)-TB regimen. A new 17-week DS-TB regimen from the TBTC Study 31 currently requires more tablets and is more expensive to import ($6.08) and purchase ($233). The TB program can substantially decrease import costs ($2.26–14) and drug costs ($391–2308) per multidrug-resistant (MDR)-TB regimen when using new 6-month or shorter drug regimens from the Nix-TB, NExT, TB PRACTECAL, ZeNix, or BEAT TB trials instead of 9–20-month regimens with import costs of $9.96–507 and drug costs of $354–15 028. For a commonly used 20-month all-oral, bedaquiline-containing MDR-TB regimen, we estimated costs of $41 for drug import and $1773 for drug purchase.

Conclusions
The implementation of a new and shorter DS-TB regimen may increase the costs for drug purchase and import. The implementation of new and shorter MDR-TB regimens may decrease the costs for drug purchase and/or drug import.
In flagranti- Functional morphology of copulatory organs of odontopygid millipedes (Diplopoda: Juliformia: Spirostreptida)
Authors: Brandt Justus , Reip Hans Simon , Naumann Benjamin 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTThe copulatory organs of many animal groups exhibit a high degree of morphological complexity and diversity that is thought to have evolved on the basis of different selective mechanisms including lock- and-key mechanism, pleiotropy, sperm competition, internal courtship and female choice. Identifying the effects of these different selective mechanisms on copulatory organs one of the central topics of the study of sexual selection. To tackle this challenge, knowledge of the functions of all parts of the copulatory organs is indispensable. Here we study the functional morphology of the gonopods (male copulatory organs) and vulvae (female copulatory organs) in the odontopygid millipedeSpinotarsus(Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Odontopygidae). While the vulvae of female odontopygids are rather simple, male gonopods are complex, walking leg-derived copulatory organs that exhibit many movable sub-parts. Using μCT-based 3D reconstruction, confocal laser scanning microscopy and mating observations we revise the functional morphology of odontopygid gonopods, propose biological roles and evaluate the possible involvement of different selective mechanisms underlying their evolution.
CYTOKINE-BASED MULTI-EPITOPE PROTEIN FOR BINDING TO CCR7-POSITIVE CELLS
Authors: Beihaghi Maria , Marashi Hasan , Karimi Reihaneh , Beihaghi Mohammad Reza , Chaboksavar Masoud , Zabetian Mahsa 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDrugs based on cytokine genes increase the body’s immunity against cancer and several viral diseases. Cytokines such as CCL21 and CCL19 specifically bind to the CCR7 receptor and have anti-tumor properties and a prognosis of tumorigenesis. An epitope of IL-Iβ is also involved in various cellular activities such as neutrophil activation, T and B lymphocyte cell production, antibody production, and fibroblast proliferation. They bind to secretory proteins without any inflammatory response. GM-CSF adjuvant is one of the growth factors of white blood cells (WBC) that stimulates stem cells to produce granulocytes and myocytes. In our project, we designed and synthesized codon-optimized multiepitope genes construct from human genes. The molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and binding affinity of this recombinant protein and CCR7 receptor were examined through in silico analyses. This construct was introduced into the pET-28a vector that was cloned in Ecoli to explore this recombinant protein. The purified multiepitope protein produced a strong signal in Dot-blot, SDS-PAGE, and Western-blot assays comparable to the positive control. The assessments of FTIR measurement and MALDI-TOF MS displayed that synthetic gene constructs correctly be expressed in E. coli. We also investigated the potential activity of the purified multiepitope protein in stimulating migration and proliferation of MCF7CCR7+ cancer cell line using wound healing assay. Also, in this study, the MTT method was used to determine the half-maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50) of all multiepitope protein concentrations. We used Agarose assay on PBMCsCCR7+ to observe whether PBMC cells and chemoattractants attract to each other. Also, we found that intraperitoneal injection of recombinant antigen affected the level of WBC in BALB/c mice, and the level of WBC in tumor mice increased significantly compared to healthy mice. Our project aims to produce the first multi-epitope vaccine with many beneficial advantages such as low-cost price and any major or significant complications that can be used as biomarkers for cancer screening and prognosis tests to immunize the patient before chemotherapy.
Effectiveness factors of food safety management systems: a systematic literature review
Authors: Maiberger Thomas Willi , Sunmola Funlade T. 
Published: November 2022

PurposeFood safety management systems (FSMSs) are implemented in food supply chains primarily to adhere to regulations as well as meet customer requirements. The literature contains examples of successful and failed implementation of FSMSs, including the influencing factors. This paper aims to explore the literature on the effectiveness factors of FSMSs to identify the literature findings, the emerging themes and suggestions for future research.Design/methodology/approachA systematic literature review (SLR) is used to synthesise research on the factors influencing the effectiveness of FSMSs. The methodology consists of formulating the research questions, identifying, selecting and evaluating relevant studies, analysing, synthesising and presenting findings.FindingsThe effectiveness factors of FSMSs identified from the literature are clustered into five categories, namely (1) FSMS culture; (2) FSMS inspection, verification and audit; (3) FSMS knowledge; (4) Legal regulations; and (5) Prerequisite programmes. Moreover, it was determined that the effectiveness factors featured in a variety of contexts.Research limitations/implicationsSLR is an objective, rigorous and reliable approach to exploring the effectiveness factors of FSMSs. However, the results are contingent on research studies selected for review, which depends on the research criteria used, available and accessible research studies and the criteria for inclusion and exclusion of studies. This dependency introduces bias, an intrinsic limitation of the SLR approach.Originality/valueIn this study, the effectiveness factors of FSMSs are identified utilising an SLR approach, integrating findings from previously reported research. The factors and resulting emerging themes identified in this study are beneficial, including in improving food safety management practices.