bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of Impaired MRSA-Infected Fracture Healing by Combinatorial Antibiotics and Modulation of Sustained Inflammation
Authors: Yu Kristin E , Kwon Hyuk-Kwon , Dussik Christopher M , Cahill Sean V , Back Jungho , Alder Kareme D , Lee Francis Y 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
Fracture healing is impaired in the setting of infection, which begets protracted inflammation. The most problematic causative agent of musculoskeletal infection is methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). We hypothesized that modulation of excessive inflammation combined with cell-penetrating antibiotic treatments facilitates fracture healing in a murine MRSA-infected femoral fracture model. Sterile and MRSA-contaminated open transverse femoral osteotomies were induced in 10-week-old male C57BL/6 mice and fixed via intramedullary nailing. In the initial therapeutic cohort, empty, vancomycin (V), rifampin (R), vancomycin-rifampin (VR), or vancomycin-rifampin-trametinib (VRT) hydrogels were applied to the fracture site intraoperatively. Rifampin was included because of its ability to penetrate eukaryotic cells to target intracellular bacteria. Unbiased screening demonstrated ERK activation was upregulated in the setting of MRSA infection. As such, the FDA-approved mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)1-pERK1/2 inhibitor trametinib was evaluated as an adjunctive therapeutic agent to selectively mitigate excessive inflammation after infected fracture. Two additional cohorts were created mimicking immediate and delayed postoperative antibiotic administration. Systemic vancomycin or VR was administered for 2 weeks, followed by 2 weeks of VRT hydrogel or oral trametinib therapy. Hematologic, histological, and cytokine analyses were performed using serum and tissue isolates obtained at distinct postoperative intervals. Radiography and micro-computed tomography (μCT) were employed to assess fracture healing. Pro-inflammatory cytokine levels remained elevated in MRSA-infected mice with antibiotic treatment alone, but increasingly normalized with trametinib therapy. Impaired callus formation and malunion were consistently observed in the MRSA-infected groups and was partially salvaged with systemic antibiotic treatment alone. Mice that received VR alongside adjuvant MEK1-pERK1/2 inhibition displayed the greatest restoration of bone and osseous union. A combinatorial approach involving adjuvant cell-penetrating antibiotic treatments alongside mitigation of excessive inflammation enhanced healing of infected fractures. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Effectiveness of TF‐CBT with sex trafficking victims in a secure post‐adjudication facility
Authors: Schmidt Claudia , Lenz A. Stephen , Oliver Marvarene 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study evaluated the course and degree of treatment effect for trauma‐focused cognitive behavioral therapy (TF‐CBT) for decreasing symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among adjudicated girls who are victims of domestic minor sex trafficking (DMST). We also aimed to understand the perceptions of the treatment while recovering from trauma symptoms and the lived experience of DMST victims engaging in TF‐CBT while living in the post‐adjudication facility. Participants were three adolescents who self‐identified as Hispanic. Results of a mixed‐method research design with multiple baselines indicated TF‐CBT was efficacious with two out of three of the girls in reducing PTSD symptoms. Qualitative data yielded five themes depicting the concurrent phases of treatment experience: protest, suppression, brokenness, stability, and breakthrough. All three girls gave voice to their experience participating in treatment and their experience engaging in treatment while living in a secure post‐adjudication juvenile facility. Implications for use of TF‐CBT with victims of DMST are provided.
Clinical application of metagenomic next‐generation sequencing technology in the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary infection pathogens: A prospective single‐center study of 138 patients
Authors: Li Na , Ma Xiaolong , Zhou Jiaqi , Deng Jingjing , Gu Chao , Fei Chunyuan , Cao Linfeng , Zhang Qi , Tao Feng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionRapid and accurate pathogen identification is essential for the treatment of pneumonia. Metagenomic next‐generation sequencing (mNGS) is a newly developed technology to obtain microbial nucleic acid sequence information quickly, efficiently, and without bias.MethodsWe performed shotgun metagenomic next‐generation sequencing (mNGS) of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) for pathogen identification in pneumonia in a prospective study with 138 patients from a single center. We compared the results of mNGS with standard methods including culture, staining, and targeted PCR and evaluated the clinical applicability of mNGS.ResultsMost of the patients (128/138, 92.75%) were cured or improved. One patient (1/138, 0.72%) died because of acute gastrointestinal bleeding, and 9 patients (9/138, 6.52%) showed no improvement. mNGS identified more bacteria (53 versus 27), fewer fungi (8 versus 31), and more viruses (16 versus 1) than standard methods. In total, treatment in 34 out of 138 cases (24.64%) was adjusted and optimized because of mNGS results. Positive mNGS results contributed to a definitive diagnosis in 23 cases (16.67%), which helped guide treatment decision by either adjusting the antibiotics without de‐escalation or continuing the empirical treatment. mNGS also confirmed no active infection in 11 cases (7.97%) allowed for antibiotic de‐escalation.ConclusionThis prospective clinical study evaluated the clinical utility of mNGS for the diagnosis of pneumonia and showed that mNGS of BALF provides valuable information for effective treatment.
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy endows CD9 with prognostic value that differs between tumor and stromal areas in patients with pancreatic cancer
Authors: Han Xuan , Zhang Wu‐Hu , Gao He‐Li , Li Tian‐Jiao , Xu Hua‐Xiang , Li Hao , Li Peng‐Cheng , Wang Xu , Yu Xian‐Jun , Wang Wen‐Quan , Liu Liang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe selective pressure imposed by chemotherapy creates a barrier to tumor eradication and an opportunity for metastasis and recurrence. As a newly discovered stemness marker of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the impact of CD9 on tumor progression and patient's prognosis remain controversial.MethodsA total of 179 and 211 PDAC patients who underwent surgical resection with or without neoadjuvant chemotherapy, respectively, were recruited for immunohistochemical analyses of CD9 expression in both tumor and stromal areas prior to statistical analyses to determine the prognostic impact and predictive accuracy of CD9.ResultsThe relationship between CD9 and prognostic indicators was not significant in the non‐neoadjuvant group. Nevertheless, CD9 expression in both tumor (T‐CD9) and stromal areas (S‐CD9) was significantly correlated with the clinicopathological features in the neoadjuvant group. High levels of T‐CD9 were significantly associated with worse OS (p = 0.005) and RFS (p = 0.007), while positive S‐CD9 showed the opposite results (OS: p = 0.024; RFS: p = 0.008). Cox regression analyses identified CD9 in both areas as an independent prognostic factor. The T&S‐CD9 risk‐level system was used to stratify patients with different survival levels. The combination of T&S‐CD9 risk level and TNM stage were accurate predictors of OS (C‐index: 0.676; AIC: 512.51) and RFS (C‐index: 0.680; AIC: 519.53). The calibration curve of the nomogram composed of the combined parameters showed excellent predictive consistency for 1‐year RFS. These results were verified using a validation cohort.ConclusionNeoadjuvant chemotherapy endows CD9 with a significant prognostic value that differs between tumor and stromal areas in patients with pancreatic cancer.
SIRT6 mediates multidimensional modulation to maintain organism homeostasis
Authors: Yang Yueying , Zhu Man , Liang Jing , Wang Hui , Sun Dejuan , Li Hua , Chen Lixia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAs a member of the silent information regulators (sirtuins) family, SIRT6 can regulate a variety of biological processes, including DNA repair, glucose and lipid metabolism, oxidative stress and lifespan, and so forth. SIRT6 maintains organism homeostasis in a variety of phenotypes by mediating epigenetic regulation and posttranslational modification of functional proteins. In this review, we outline the structural basis of SIRT6 enzyme activity and its mechanism of maintaining organism homeostasis in a variety of phenotypes, with an emphasis on the upstream that regulates SIRT6 expression and the downstream substrates. And how SIRT6 achieves multidimensional coordination to maintain organism homeostasis and even extend lifespan. We try to understand the regulatory mechanism of SIRT6 in different phenotypes from the perspective of protein interaction.
Lithium Pharmacokinetics in the Perinatal Patient With Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Clark Crystal T. , Newmark Rebecca L. , Wisner Katherine L. , Stika Catherine , Avram Michael J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe pharmacokinetics of lithium, the gold standard for the treatment of bipolar disorder, are well described in nonpregnant patients. Because lithium is commonly prescribed to women of childbearing age, more data are essential to characterize lithium pharmacokinetics during the perinatal period. Lithium is primarily eliminated by the kidney. As a result, shifts in lithium elimination clearance parallel pregnancy‐related changes in glomerular filtration rate. Lithium's narrow therapeutic window increases the risk for therapeutic failure and toxicity when lithium elimination clearance is altered. To characterize the pharmacokinetics of lithium in pregnancy and postpartum, 3 women treated with lithium for bipolar disorder completed serial blood sampling protocols during each trimester of pregnancy and at least once postpartum. The trajectory of lithium elimination clearance, creatinine clearance, and serum lithium concentrations were determined. Manic, depressive, and anxiety symptoms were also assessed at each study visit. Compared to the nonpregnant state, lithium elimination clearance increased an average of 63.5% by the third trimester. Lithium elimination clearance was inversely related to changes in serum lithium concentration. Mood symptoms worsened with declines in serum lithium concentration. Lithium elimination clearance returned to baseline at 4 to 9 weeks postpartum. To maintain lithium effectiveness during pregnancy and prevent toxicity postpartum, lithium therapeutic drug monitoring and dose adjustments are warranted.
Optimization of imidacloprid photocatalytic degradation under UVA‐LED irradiation conditions
Authors: Duplančić Marina , Liber Kristina , Zelić Ivana Elizabeta , Kosar Vanja , Tomašić Vesna 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis research deals with the photocatalytic degradation of the neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid. The reaction was carried out using a flat‐plate photoreactor in recirculated batch mode over an immobilized layer of a nitrogen‐doped TiO2 photocatalyst. The characterization of the prepared photocatalyst was performed using various instrumental techniques. The irradiation sources used were UV 365 nm high‐power light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) with various powers (20 and 30 W) and irradiation intensities. The radiation intensities were changed by adjusting the voltage supplied to the UVA‐LED radiation source. Design of experiments was used to evaluate the influence of three selected variables, namely initial concentration of imidacloprid solution, pH and UVA‐LED irradiance, on the photodegradation efficiency.RESULTSDoping the photocatalyst with nitrogen using urea as the nitrogen source leads to a decrease in the bandgap, Eg, compared to the characteristic values obtained for a commercial unmodified TiO2‐P25 photocatalyst (2.92 ± 0.021 versus 3.38 ± 0.015 eV). Analysis of the results using the Design‐Expert software package showed that irradiance was the most significant factor in the process studied.CONCLUSIONSTreatment of TiO2 with urea is more efficient method of TiO2 modification than nitrogen plasma pretreatment which resulted in a smaller decrease in Eg. The statistical parameters of the model equation obtained from analysis of variance confirmed the satisfactory fit of the proposed reduced cubic model to the experimental data. The results of kinetic analysis showed that the photocatalytic degradation of imidacloprid can be described by pseudo‐first‐order kinetics. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Evaluation of enterovirus nucleic acids detection method based on ultra‐fast real‐time fluorescence RT‐PCR technology—A pilot study
Authors: Gao Xiujie , Hao Jindou , Yu Lin , Cao Yan , Liang Jianfang , Han Juan , Zou Rong , Zhou Xike , Liu Peihui 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe outbreak of COVID‐19 epidemic has enabled the establishment and application of various rapid detection methods. It is particularly important to establish a fast and accurate detection method for enterovirus, which will be beneficial for clinical diagnosis, epidemic prevention and control, and timely traceability. Through establishing an ultra‐fast reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) equipment, this study aimed to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the testing method of enterovirus nucleic acids based on ultra‐fast real‐time fluorescence RT‐PCR technology. A total of 61 cases were sampled, which were then transported and preserved. After the nucleic acid extraction, the nucleic acids of the same sample were tested with the enterovirus nucleic acid detection kit produced by Guangzhou Da An Gene Company and the ultra‐fast RT‐PCR equipment system established in this study. ABI7500Fast and Ahram biosystems S1 fast equipment were used for amplification detection. If the sample had an S‐shaped amplification curve in the FAM channel and the Ct value ≤40.00, the result was positive. The sensitivity, precision, and accuracy of the detection method were then verified. This study established a novel testing method to achieve enterovirus nucleic acid detection within 24 min. The sensitivity detection limit of the method was 1.0 × 102 copies/ml. The coefficients of variation for repeated detection of the high, medium, and low concentration samples were 2.644%, 1.674%, and 4.281%, respectively, with good detection repeatability. In addition, a total of 29 cases were positive by the ultra‐fast RT‐PCR detection method in 61 suspected samples, which was consistent with the conventional fluorescent RT‐PCR method. The established rapid detection method can greatly shorten the time for providing a detection report, which may greatly improve the efficiency of diagnosis and treatment.
Revisiting where to apply preimplant mapping to improve P‐wave sensing of insertable cardiac monitors
Authors: Kasai Yuhei , Kasai Jungo , Sahashi Syuichi , Shakya Sandeep , Kuji Hiroki , Hayakawa Naoki , Miyaji Kotaro , Kanda Junji 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundInsertable cardiac monitors (ICMs) are used for long‐term cardiac rhythm monitoring. They have proven useful in diagnosing arrhythmias. They are conventionally inserted at the 4th intercostal space without preimplant mapping.MethodWe develop a new method, VisP, that finds an optimal insertion position by applying the lightweight preimplant mapping to nine candidate positions beyond the conventional ones. We retrospectively analyze consecutive 60 patients who underwent ICM insertion (Reveal LINQ™) between April 2019 and March 2021 and compare the two groups with and without VisP.ResultsAfter 9 patients were excluded because of ectopic atrial rhythms or atrial fibrillation, 51 patients were analyzed. Thirty‐one patients underwent the conventional insertion (non‐mapping), whereas 20 patients underwent VisP. VisP achieved large P‐wave amplitudes while retaining the R‐wave amplitude for all patients; in contrast, P waves were not detected for 11 patients out of the 31 patients in the non‐mapping group (35%). On average, the P‐wave amplitude was 0.065 mV for VisP, compared to 0.029 mV for the non‐mapping group (p‐value< .001). The average R‐wave amplitude was 0.69 mV for VisP and 0.71 mV for non‐mapping (p‐value = .88), indicating the R‐wave difference is insignificant between the two groups. VisP selected the 4th, 3rd, and 2nd intercostal spaces for 7, 11, and 2 patients, respectively, meaning that 13 out of the 20 cases (65%) fell out of the conventional insertion location of the 4th intercostal space.ConclusionsVisP improves the diagnostic ability of ICMs by finding an optimal position that yields reliable sensing of P waves while keeping high R‐wave sensing.
Effect of locally applied simvastatin on clinical attachment level and alveolar bone in periodontal maintenance patients: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Killeen Amy C. , Krell Lauren E. , Bertels Mattie , Christiansen Mary M. , Anderson Laura , Hattervig Robin L. , Samson Kaeli K. , Wang Dong , Reinhardt Richard A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this double‐masked, randomized, controlled trial was to determine if the local application of simvastatin (SIM), combined with minimally invasive papilla reflection and root planing (PR/RP), is effective in improving clinical attachment level (CAL), probing depth (PD) reduction, and increasing interproximal bone height (IBH) in persistent 6–9 mm periodontal pockets in patients receiving periodontal maintenance therapy (PMT).MethodsFifty patients with Stage III, Grade B periodontitis presenting with a 6–9 mm interproximal PD with a history of bleeding on probing (BOP) were included in the study. Experimental [PR/RP+SIM/methylcellulose (MCL); n = 27] and control (PR/RP+MCL; n = 23) therapies were randomly assigned. Root surfaces were accessed via reflection of interproximal papillae, followed by RP assisted with endoscope evaluation, acid etching, and SIM/MCL or MCL application. CAL, PD, BOP, plaque presence, and IBH (using standardized vertical bitewing radiographs) were evaluated at baseline and 12 months. Measurements were compared by group and time using Chi‐square, Wilcoxon rank‐sum, and t‐tests.ResultsBoth PR/RP+SIM/MCL and PR/RP+MCL, respectively, resulted in improvements in clinical outcomes (CAL: ‐1.9 ± 0.3 mm, p < 0.0001; ‐1.0 ± 0.3 mm, p < 0.003; PD: ‐2.3 mm ± 0.3, p < 0.0001; ‐1.3 mm ± 0.3, p < 0.0001; BOP: ‐58.7%; ‐41.7%, p < 0.05) and stable IBH (‐0.2 ± 0.12, ‐0.4 ± 0.2, p = 0.22) from baseline to 12 months post‐therapy. PR/RP+SIM/MCL had more improvement in CAL (p = 0.03), PD (p = 0.007), and BOP (p = 0.047).ConclusionsThe addition of SIM/MCL to PR/RP improved CAL, PD, and BOP compared with PR/RP alone in periodontal maintenance patients.
Pulse‐Echo Technique to Compensate for Laminate Membrane Transmission Loss in Phantom‐Based Ultrasonic Attenuation Coefficient Measurements
Authors: Nagabhushana Karthik , Wang Qiuyu , Han Aiguo 
Published: May 2022

ObjectivesAccurately measuring the attenuation coefficient (AC) of reference phantoms is critical in clinical applications of quantitative ultrasound. Phantom AC measurement requires proper compensation of membrane transmission loss. Conventional methods require separate membrane samples to obtain membrane transmission loss. Unfortunately, separate membrane samples are often unavailable. A pulse‐echo approach is proposed herein to compensate for membrane transmission loss without requiring separate membrane samples.MethodsThe proposed method consists of the following steps. First, the insertion loss, caused by phantom attenuation and membrane transmission loss, is measured. Second, the membrane reflection coefficient is measured. Third, the unknown acoustic parameters of the membrane and phantom material are estimated by fitting theoretical reflection coefficient to the measured one. Finally, the fitted parameters are used to estimate membrane transmission loss and phantom AC. The proposed method was validated through k‐Wave simulations and phantom experiments. Experimental AC measurements were repeated on 5 distinct phantoms by 2 operators to assess the repeatability and reproducibility of the proposed method. Five transducers were used to cover a broad bandwidth (0.7–16 MHz).ResultsThe acquired AC in the simulations had a maximum error of 0.06 dB/cm‐MHz for simulated phantom AC values ranging from 0.5 to 1 dB/cm‐MHz. The acquired AC in the experiments had a maximum error of 0.045 dB/cm‐MHz for phantom AC values ranging from 0.28 to 1.48 dB/cm‐MHz. Good repeatability and cross‐operator reproducibility were observed with a mean coefficient of variation below 0.054.ConclusionThe proposed method simplifies phantom AC measurement while providing satisfactory accuracy and precision.
Competencies in an electronic trial master file used in clinical trials
Authors: Wisawapaisarn Oraya , Yodmongkol Pitipong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study is an action research that combined theories and practices through change and reflection in a problematic situation in a real organization. A pilot research in an organizational case in Thailand indicated critical gaps in enterprise content management (ECM), called an electronic trial master file (eTMF), which resulted in challenges in eTMF implementation. The primary gap, in people's areas, was lack of competencies and performances. Therefore, the research objective following the gap identification was to enhance human capital that includes competencies and performances in the eTMF. The research combined the theories of human capital, the Fifth Discipline: shared vision, competency‐based management, and practices in real organizations. A focus group and quantitative analysis approach were applied in this research. The research participants comprised 25 employees: the country manager, experts, the assistant, and users of the eTMF. The results presented the competencies in which user participation was critical for establishing the appropriate competencies to support the achievement of the performance. The competencies in the eTMF consisted of 3 dimensions comprising knowledge, skills, and attributes, with 11 competencies concerning the components in ECM and the specific organizational ECM context. This research contributed to the workplace, pharmaceutical industry, and academics by providing approaches to enhance human capital in ECM in case people were the primary area. The research contributed to the gap identification that guided the ways to improve performance in an ECM. In addition, this research proposed human capital management concepts by providing approaches to enhance human capital during the ECM adoption phase.