bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Analysis of Machine Learning Techniques for IoT Intrusion Detection
Authors: Vitorino João , Andrade Rui , Praça Isabel , Sousa Orlando , Maia Eva 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe digital transformation faces tremendous security challenges. In particular, the growing number of cyber-attacks targeting Internet of Things (IoT) systems restates the need for a reliable detection of malicious network activity. This paper presents a comparative analysis of supervised, unsupervised and reinforcement learning techniques on nine malware captures of the IoT-23 dataset, considering both binary and multi-class classification scenarios. The developed models consisted of Support Vector Machine (SVM), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM), Isolation Forest (iForest), Local Outlier Factor (LOF) and a Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) model based on a Double Deep Q-Network (DDQIN), adapted to the intrusion detection context. The most reliable performance was achieved by LightGBM. Nonetheless, iForest displayed good anomaly detection results and the DRL model demonstrated the possible benefits of employing this methodology to continuously improve the detection. Overall, the obtained results indicate that the analyzed techniques are well suited for IoT intrusion detection.
Quasinormal modes of black holes with multiple photon spheres
Authors: Guo Guangzhou , Wang Peng , Wu Houwen , Yang Haitang 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
For a static and spherically symmetric black hole, a photon sphere is composed of circular null geodesics of fixed radius, and plays an important role in observing the black hole. Recently, in an Einstein-Maxwell-scalar model with a non-minimal coupling between the scalar and electromagnetic fields, a class of hairy black holes has been found to possess two unstable and one stable circular null geodesics on the equatorial plane, corresponding to three photon spheres outside the event horizon. In this paper, we study quasinormal modes of the scalar field, which are associated with these circular null geodesics, in the hairy black hole spacetime. In the eikonal regime with l ≫ 1, the real part of the quasinormal modes is determined by the angular velocity of the corresponding circular geodesics. The imaginary part of the quasinormal modes associated with the unstable circular null geodesics encodes the information about the Lyapunov exponent of the corresponding circular geodesics. Interestingly, we find long-lived and sub-long-lived modes, which are associated with the stable and one of the unstable circular null geodesics, respectively. Due to tunneling through potential barriers, the damping times of the long-lived and sub-long-lived modes can be exponentially and logarithmically large in terms of l, respectively.
Higher-order EW corrections in ZZ and ZZj production at the LHC
Authors: Bothmann Enrico , Napoletano Davide , Schönherr Marek , Schumann Steffen , Villani Simon Luca 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We consider the production of a pair of Z bosons at the LHC and study the inclusion of EW corrections in theoretical predictions at fixed order and based on multijet-merged parton-shower simulations. To this end we present exact NLO EW results for pp → e+e−μ+μ−, and, for the first time, for pp → e+e−μ+μ−j, and compare them to the EW virtual and NLL Sudakov approximation. We then match the exact NLO EW result to the resummed Sudakov logarithms to achieve an improved $$ \mathrm{NLO}\ \mathrm{EW}+\mathrm{NLL}\ {\mathrm{EW}}_{\mathrm{sud}}^{\mathrm{exp}} $$
NLO

EW
+
NLL

EW
sud
exp

result.Further, we discuss the inclusion of the above EW corrections in MePs@Nlo event simulations in the framework of the Sherpa event generator. We present detailed phenomenological predictions for inclusive ZZ and ZZj production taking into account the dominant EW corrections through the EW virtual approximation, as well as through (exponentiated) EW Sudakov logarithms.
CKM substructure from the weak to the Planck scale
Authors: Grossman Yuval , Ismail Ameen , Ruderman Joshua T. , Tsai Tien-Hsueh 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We look for relations among CKM matrix elements that are not consequences of the Wolfenstein parametrization. In particular, we search for products of CKM elements raised to integer powers that approximately equal 1. We study the running of the CKM matrix elements and resolve an apparent discrepancy in the literature. To a good approximation only A runs, among the Wolfenstein parameters. Using the Standard Model renormalization group we look for CKM relations at energy scales ranging from the electroweak scale to the Planck scale, and we find 19 such relations. These relations could point to structure in the UV, or be numerical accidents. For example, we find that |VtdVus| = |$$ {V}_{cb}^2 $$

V
cb
2

|, within 2% accuracy, in the 109–1015 GeV range. We discuss the implications of this CKM relation for a Yukawa texture in the UV.
Generating enhanced primordial GWs during inflation with intermittent violation of NEC and diminishment of GW propagating speed
Authors: Cai Yong , Piao Yun-Song 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We investigate both the null energy condition (NEC) violating scenario and the cT-diminishing scenario for generating enhanced power spectrum of primordial gravitational waves (GWs) during inflation, where cT is the propagating speed of primordial GWs. Both of these two scenarios can be realized stably with theories beyond Horndeski, hence can be uniformly implemented within the framework of the effective field theory. We calculate the power spectrum of primordial GWs by assuming that the inflationary Universe undergoes three phases, where the violation of NEC or the diminishment of cT occurs in the intermediate phase. A template of the spectrum is given for the NEC-violating scenario. We also discuss the underlying relation and discrepancy between these two scenarios with a disformal transformation.
Shape deformations of charged Rényi entropies from holography
Authors: Baiguera Stefano , Bianchi Lorenzo , Chapman Shira , Galante Damián A. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Charged and symmetry-resolved Rényi entropies are entanglement measures quantifying the degree of entanglement within different charge sectors of a theory with a conserved global charge. We use holography to determine the dependence of charged Rényi entropies on small shape deformations away from a spherical or planar entangling surface in general dimensions. This dependence is completely characterized by a single coefficient appearing in the two point function of the displacement operator associated with the Rényi defect. We extract this coefficient using its relation to the one point function of the stress tensor in the presence of a deformed entangling surface. This is mapped to a holographic calculation in the background of a deformed charged black hole with hyperbolic horizon. We obtain numerical solutions for different values of the chemical potential and replica number n in various spacetime dimensions, as well as analytic expressions for small chemical potential near n = 1. When the Rényi defect becomes supersymmetric, we demonstrate a conjectured relation between the two point function of the displacement operator and the conformal weight of the twist operator.
Correlation functions of determinant operators in conformal fishnet theory
Authors: Shahpo Omar , Vescovi Edoardo 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We consider scalar local operators of the determinant type in the conformal “fishnet” theory that arises as a limit of gamma-deformed $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 super Yang-Mills theory. We generalise a field-theory approach to expand their correlation functions to arbitrary order in the small coupling constants and apply it to the bi-scalar reduction of the model. We explicitly analyse the two-point functions of determinants, as well as of certain deformations with the insertion of scalar fields, and describe the Feynman-graph structure of three- and four-point correlators with single-trace operators. These display the topology of globe and spiral graphs, which are known to renormalise single-trace operators, but with “alternating” boundary conditions. In the appendix material we further investigate a four-point function of two determinants and the shortest bi-local single trace. We resum the diagrams by the Bethe-Salpeter method and comment on the exchanged OPE states.
A scaling limit for line and surface defects
Authors: Rodriguez-Gomez D. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We study symmetry-breaking line defects in the Wilson-Fisher theory with O(2N + 1) global symmetry near four dimensions and symmetry-preserving surface defects in a cubic model with O(2N) global symmetry near six dimensions. We introduce a scaling limit inspired by the large charge expansion in Conformal Field Theory. Using this, we compute the beta function for the defect coupling which allows to identify the corresponding Defect Conformal Field Theories. We also compute the correlation function of two parallel defects as well as correlation functions of certain defect operators with large charge under the surviving symmetry.
An oral WT1 protein vaccine composed of WT1-anchored, genetically engineered Bifidobacterium longum allows for intestinal immunity in mice with acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Nakagawa Natsuki , Hashii Yoshiko , Kayama Hisako , Okumura Ryu , Nakajima Hiroko , Minagawa Hikaru , Morimoto Soyoko , Fujiki Fumihiro , Nakata Jun , Shirakawa Toshiro , Katayama Takane , Takeda Kiyoshi , Tsuboi Akihiro , Ozono Keiichi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWilms’ tumor 1 (WT1) is a promising tumor-associated antigen for cancer immunotherapy. We developed an oral protein vaccine platform composed of WT1-anchored, genetically engineered Bifidobacterium longum (B. longum) and conducted an in vivo study in mice to examine its anticancer activity. Mice were orally treated with phosphate-buffered saline, wild-type B. longum105-A, B. longum 2012 displaying only galacto-N-biose/lacto-N-biose I-binding protein (GLBP), and WT1 protein- and GLBP-expressing B. longum 420. Tumor size reduced significantly in the B. longum 420 group than in the B. longum 105-A and 2012 groups (P < 0.00 l each), indicating B. longum 420’s antitumor activity via WT1-specific immune responses. CD8+ T cells played a major role in the antitumor activity of B. longum 420. The proportion of CD103+CD11b+CD11c+ dendritic cells (DCs) increased in the Peyer’s patches (PPs) from mice in the B. longum 420 group, indicating the definite activation of DCs. In the PPs, the number and proportion of CD8+ T cells capable of producing interferon-gamma were significantly greater in the B. longum 420 group than in the B. longum 2012 group (P < 0.05 or < 0.01). The production of WT1-specific IgG antibody was significantly higher in the B. longum 420 group than in the 2012 group (P < 0.05). The B. longum 420 group showed the most intense intratumoral infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells primed by activated DCs in the PPs of mice in the B. longum 420 group. Our findings provide insights into a novel, intestinal bacterium-based, cancer immunotherapy through intestinal immunity.
Physiological and Molecular Background of Maize Cold-Tolerance Enhancement with S-methylmethionine Salicylate
Authors: Balassa György , Oláh Csilla , Balassa Kinga , Rácz Ilona , Kátay György , Kalapos Balázs , Boldizsár Imre , Sárvári Éva , Solti Ádám , Pál Magda , Janda Tibor , Rudnóy Szabolcs 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLow temperature is amongst the most influential abiotic stress factors, having deep impact on plant growth, yield and productivity. Studies on beneficial effects of certain biologically active substances, S-methylmethionine (SMM) and salicylic acid (SA) have provided a lot of valuable information regarding their role to counteract harmful effects of environmental stresses such as chilling. To obtain a more complex and stable defence compound with an extended range of stress-protective effect, the new derivative S-methylmethionine salicylate (MMS) was synthesised from the natural, biologically active substances SMM and SA. Since both original materials have complex stress-protective roles, the new compound was expected to combine the effects of original substances and to stabilise the unstable SMM in the new compound, thus providing an extended stress tolerance. Photosynthetic efficiency and accumulation of stress-related metabolites (polyamines and flavonoids) were measured in chilled and control plants, with and without MMS pretreatment, and expression changes of several genes involved in the cold stress response were analysed by quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) and a detailed microarray study. Our data show how the MMS combines the effect of SMM and SA on molecular level, causing numerous changes in the gene expression pattern and metabolite content. MMS gives rise to a better physiological condition, thus it could provide an alternative, environmental friendly way to enhance the plants defence mechanisms against stressors. As MMS is more stable than SMM, it promises easier, more long-lasting and more cost-effective usage in agriculture, with a complementing effect of SA.
Causes of extreme 2020 Meiyu-Baiu rainfall: a study of combined effect of Indian Ocean and Arctic
Authors: Chen Xiaodan , Wen Zhiping , Song Yuanyuan , Guo Yuanyuan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA record-breaking Meiyu-Baiu rainfall hit East Asia in June–July 2020. The warm Indian Ocean (IO) has been identified as a primary cause, but it cannot explain the heavy rainfall in July, a striking characteristic of the 2020 Meiyu-Baiu rainfall. A remarkable retreat of Arctic sea ice in the late spring and early summer of 2020 also promoted Meiyu-Baiu rainfall by favoring North Asian blockings and cold air outbreaks. However, its importance compared with IO warming is unclear. Our result shows that the abundant moisture supply to the 2020 Meiyu-Baiu rainfall mainly stems from anomalous meridional wind convergence, while the excessive ascending motions are due to warm advection tied to enhanced mid-troposphere westerlies. AGCM experiments are used to examine the relative importance of IO warming and Arctic sea ice anomalies. In June, IO warming is responsible for the atmospheric circulation anomalies around the Meiyu-Baiu region and accounts for ~ 75% of the Meiyu-Baiu rainfall anomalies, despite the Arctic sea-ice loss explaining most circulation anomalies over Eurasian high latitudes. In July, both IO warming and Arctic sea-ice loss are necessary for meridional convergence, enhanced westerlies, and thus the heavy rainfall over the Meiyu-Baiu region. Their effects are interdependent rather than additive. Strong IO warming is rarely observed alongside severe Arctic sea-ice loss before 2020 because of their discordant interannual variations. In the future, the combined effects of IO warming and Arctic sea-ice loss on the Meiyu-Baiu rainfall may become more pronounced as their long-term trends continue.
Child type 1 diabetes associated with mother vaginal bacteriome and mycobiome
Authors: Ruotsalainen A. L. , Tejesvi M. V. , Vänni P. , Suokas M. , Tossavainen P. , Pirttilä A. M. , Talvensaari-Mattila A. , Nissi R. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMother vaginal microbes contribute to microbiome of vaginally delivered neonates. Child microbiome can be associated with autoimmune diseases, such as type 1 diabetes (T1D). We collected vaginal DNA samples from 25 mothers with a vaginally delivered child diagnosed with T1D and samples from 24 control mothers who had vaginally delivered a healthy child and analyzed bacteriome and mycobiome of the samples. The total DNA of the samples was extracted, and ribosomal DNA regions (16S for bacteria, ITS2 for fungi) were amplified, followed by next-generation sequencing and machine learning. We found that alpha-diversity of bacteriome was increased (P < 0.002), whereas alpha-diversity of mycobiome was decreased (P < 0.001) in mothers with a diabetic child compared to the control mothers. Beta-diversity analysis suggested differences in mycobiomes between the mother groups (P = 0.001). Random forest models were able to effectively predict diabetes and control status of unknown samples (bacteria: 0.86 AUC, fungi: 0.96 AUC). Our data indicate several fungal genera and bacterial metabolic pathways of mother vaginal microbiome to be associated with child T1D. We suggest that early onset of T1D in a child has a relationship with altered mother vaginal microbiome and that both bacteriome and mycobiome contribute to this shift.
Surgical management of laryngeal bilateral abductor palsy: comparative study between carbon dioxide and diode lasers
Authors: El-Sobki Ahmed , El-Deeb Mohamed E. , El-Kholy Noha Ahmed , Habaza Fedaey R. , Shawky Mahmoud Ahmed , Alsobky Mahmoud Elsaid Ibrahim 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study aims to compare the results of both CO2 laser and diode laser combined arytenoidectomy with posterior cordectomy in managing patients with bilateral vocal fold paralysis. A prospective study involved 80 bilateral vocal cord immobility patients in adduction. They are divided into two groups according to the laser used, whether CO2 (with a wavelength of 10.6 µm) or diode (with a wavelength of 980 nm). We used mMRC (Modified Medical Research Council) dyspnea scale to assess dyspnea in our patients, while the voice was evaluated by both maximum phonation time and the voice handicap index. Quantitative variables were described using means and standard deviations, while categorical variables were described using frequencies and were compared using the chi-square test, Fisher exact test, and Monte Carlo test. There was a statistically non-significant difference between the studied groups regarding mMRC dyspnea scale and Voice Handicap Index preoperatively and postoperatively. There is a statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding maximum phonation time postoperatively (significantly higher in the CO2 laser group) (p < 0.001). The CO2 laser and diode laser could be used safely for the management of bilateral vocal cord paralysis. The CO2 laser maintains better voice parameters and less postoperative pain, while the diode laser gives less operative time, lower cost, and simplicity of use.
Improving the approximation ratio for capacitated vehicle routing
Authors: Blauth Jannis , Traub Vera , Vygen Jens 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe devise a new approximation algorithm for capacitated vehicle routing. Our algorithm yields a better approximation ratio for general capacitated vehicle routing as well as for the unit-demand case and the splittable variant. Our results hold in arbitrary metric spaces. This is the first improvement upon the classical tour partitioning algorithm by Haimovich and Rinnooy Kan (Math Oper Res 10:527–542, 1985) and Altinkemer and Gavish (Oper Res Lett 6:149–158, 1987).
Two-player quantum games: When player strategies are via directional choices
Authors: Iqbal Azhar , Abbott Derek 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe propose a scheme for a quantum game based on performing an EPR-type experiment and in which each player’s spatial directional choices are considered as their strategies. A classical mixed-strategy game is recovered by restricting the players’ choices to specific spatial trajectories. We show that for players’ directional choices for which the Bell-CHSH inequality is violated, the players’ payoffs in the quantum game have no mapping within the classical mixed-strategy game. The scheme provides a more direct link between classical and quantum games.
Yolov3-Pruning(transfer): real-time object detection algorithm based on transfer learning
Authors: Li Xiaoning , Wang Zhengzhong , Geng Shichao , Wang Lin , Zhang Huaxiang , Liu Li , Li Donghua 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn recent years, object detection algorithms have achieved great success in the field of machine vision. To pursue the detection accuracy of the model, the scale of the network is constantly increasing, which leads to the continuous increase in computational cost and a large requirement for memory. The larger network scale allows their execution to take a longer time, facing the balance between the detection accuracy and the speed of execution. Therefore, the developed algorithm is not suitable for real-time applications. To improve the detection performance of small targets, we propose a new method, the real-time object detection algorithm based on transfer learning. Based on the baseline Yolov3 model, pruning is done to reduce the scale of the model, and then migration learning is used to ensure the detection accuracy of the model. The object detection method using transfer learning achieves a good balance between detection accuracy and inference speed and is more conducive to the real-time processing of images. Through the evaluation of the dataset voc2007 + 2012, the experimental results show that the parameters of the Yolov3-Pruning(transfer): model are reduced by 3X compared with the baseline Yolov3 model, and the detection accuracy is improved, realizes real-time processing, and improves the detection accuracy.
Thermal process monitoring and control for a near-net-shape Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Baier Daniel , Wolf Franz , Weckenmann Tobias , Lehmann Maja , Zaeh Michael F. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) is a promising technology for the fabrication of large metal parts. During the process, the wire electrode is melted continuously or in a pulsating mode and deposited layer-by-layer onto a substrate. Due to the recurring energy input into the part during WAAM, adequate thermal management is crucial. The temperature distribution, especially the interlayer temperature in the part, is determined by the parameter settings as well as by the dwell times and can be monitored. This paper presents the cause-effect relationships between the interlayer temperature and the dwell times to enable a suitable temperature management. Thermal imaging was implemented during the manufacturing process, allowing the analysis of different interlayer dwell times and their effect on the interlayer temperatures. In addition, the influence of the temperature management on the geometric quality characteristics of the part was investigated. It was observed that a constant interlayer dwell time led to geometric irregularities in the part height and width. Monitoring the interlayer temperature is crucial in WAAM in order to maintain a constant temperature level along multiple layers for meeting the requirements for the geometry of the part and enabling near-net-shape manufacturing.