bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validity and reliability of the novel three‐item occupational violence patient risk assessment tool
Authors: Cabilan C. J. , McRae Joshua , Learmont Ben , Taurima Karen , Galbraith Sue , Mason Dale , Eley Robert , Snoswell Centaine , Johnston Amy N. B. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimTo develop and psychometrically test an occupational violence (OV) risk assessment tool in the emergency department (ED).DesignThree studies were conducted in phases: content validity, predictive validity and inter‐rater reliability from June 2019 to March 2021.MethodsFor content validity, ED end users (mainly nurses) were recruited to rate items that would appropriately assess for OV risk. Subsequently, a risk assessment tool was developed and tested for its predictive validity and inter‐rater reliability. For predictive validity, triage notes of ED presentations in a month with the highest OV were assessed for presence of OV risk. Each presentation was then matched with events recorded in the OV incident register. Sensitivity and specificity values were calculated. For inter‐rater reliability, two assessors—trained and untrained—independently assessed the triage notes for presence of OV risk. Cohen's kappa was calculated.ResultsTwo rounds of content validity with a total of N = 81 end users led to the development of a three‐domain tool that assesses for OV risk using aggression history, behavioural concerns (i.e., angry, clenched fist, demanding, threatening language or resisting care) and clinical presentation concerns (i.e., alcohol/drug intoxication and erratic cognition). Recommended risk ratings are low (score = 0 risk domain present), moderate (score = 1 risk domain present) and high (score = 2–3 risk domains present), with an area under the curve of 0.77 (95% confidence interval 0.7–0.81, p < .01). Moderate risk rating had a 61% sensitivity and 91% specificity, whereas high risk rating had 37% sensitivity and 97% specificity. Inter‐rater reliability ranged from 0.67 to 0.75 (p < .01), suggesting moderate agreement.ConclusionsThe novel three‐domain OV risk assessment tool was shown to be appropriate and relevant for application in EDs. The tool, developed through a rigorous content validity process, demonstrates acceptable predictive validity and inter‐rater reliability.ImpactThe developed tool is currently piloted in a single hospital ED, with a view to extend to inpatient settings and other hospitals.
Prioritizing and meeting life‐threateningly ill patients' fundamental care needs in the emergency room—An interview study with registered nurses
Authors: Pavedahl Veronica , Muntlin Åsa , Summer Meranius Martina , von Thiele Schwarz Ulrica , Holmström Inger K. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimTo explore how registered nurses in the emergency room describe their work approach and prerequisites for meeting life‐threateningly ill patients' care needs from the perspective of a person‐centred fundamental care framework.DesignA descriptive, qualitative interview study.MethodIndividual interviews were carried out with 14 registered nurses with experience of working in an emergency room in Sweden, during 2019. Data were analysed using thematic analysis, according to Braun and Clarke. The COREQ checklist was used for reporting the findings.ResultsThree themes were identified: Task‐oriented nursing care based on structured guidelines and checklists; Fundamental care not being promoted or prioritized in the emergency room; and The organization and responsibilities for providing person‐centred fundamental care are unclear. Results showed that registered nurses structure their work approach based on prevailing organizational prerequisites as well as personal ones. Meeting patients' fundamental care needs was not always prioritized; their physical needs were met to a greater extent than their relational and psychosocial needs. Registered nurses did not prioritize fundamental care when the organization did not.ConclusionFrom the registered nurses' perspective, they structured their work based on the prevailing conditions for meeting patients' fundamental care needs. The organizational structure does not clearly state that fundamental care should be performed in the emergency room, and the registered nurses' work approach there for meeting patients' fundamental care needs is not adapted to provide patients with person‐centred care.ImpactTo date, little is known about registered nurses' work approach and prerequisites in meeting life‐threateningly ill patients' fundamental care needs in the emergency room. Our findings indicate that the organizational structure is pivotal in supporting registered nurses to provide person‐centred fundamental care. The knowledge from this study can be used in emergency care settings to facilitate person‐centred fundamental care and thereby avoid fundamental care being missed.
Reconnection patterns after CLOSE‐guided 50 W high‐power‐short‐duration circumferential pulmonary vein isolation and substrate modification—PV reconnection might no longer be an issue
Authors: Francke Alexander , Scharfe Frank , Schoen Steffen , Wunderlich Carsten , Christoph Marian 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionAblation of atrial fibrillation (AF) with high‐power‐short‐duration (HPSD) radiofrequency (RF) technology is emerging as a new standard of care in many electrophysiology laboratories. While procedural short‐term efficacy and efficiency is very promising, little is known about mid‐ to long‐term effects of HPSD ablation for pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) and left atrial substrate modification.MethodsIn a single‐center registry, 412 AF procedures were performed in 400 individual patients using a standardized CLOSE protocol‐guided fixed 50 W HPSD ablation, aiming for an ablation index (AI) of 400 on the posterior and 550 on the anterior wall. Additional substrate‐tailored lines were performed when required.ResultsAfter a mean clinical follow‐up of 337 ± 134 days, 15 patients suffered from AF recurrence beyond the blinding period. Twelve gave consent to the indicated reablation. Here, 11 of 12 patients had chronic isolation of all four pulmonary veins (PV). In three of six patients, a reconnection of additional left atrial ablation lines was revealed. Ten out of 12 patients showed progressive fibrous atrial cardiomyopathy and required additional left atrial substrate modification or reisolation of left‐atrial lines. During the follow‐up no clinical case of atrioesophageal fistula was registered. No PV stenosis after initial HPSD PVI was documented.ConclusionsPatients requiring reablation of AF or other atrial tachycardia after a fixed 50 W HPSD circumferential PVI and substrate modification predominantly suffer from progressive fibrous atrial cardiomyopathy, while PV reconnection appears to be a rare cause of AF recurrence.
Nocturnal heart rate rising is a risk factor for poor renal outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease and hypertension
Authors: Liu Xiang , Zhou Huan , Li Gen , Li Fangming , Dong Lingqiu , Wang Siqing , Jiang Zheng , Tan Jiaxing , Qin Aiya , Tang Yi , Qin Wei 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe association of heart rate (HR) dipping pattern with renal outcomes in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients with hypertension has never been investigated. In order to demonstrate if HR dipping pattern is a risk factor for renal outcomes, cardiovascular (CV) diseases, and mortality in hypertensive patients with CKD, we conducted the prospective longitudinal observational study. Patients were divided into three groups according to their nocturnal HR: HR dippers (night–day HR ratio ≤ 0.9), HR non‐dippers (0.9 < night–day HR ratio ≤ 1.0), and HR risers (night–day HR ratio > 1.0). The primary outcome was renal endpoint, a composite outcome of progression to end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) or estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline ≥ 50%; the secondary outcomes included poor renal outcomes, CV events, and death. A total of 34 (11.3%) patients reached renal endpoint after a follow‐up of 34 ± 17 months. Both HR non‐dippers and HR risers were predictive to renal endpoint (hazard ratio 2.58, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04‐ 6.4, P = .04; hazard ratio 3.95, 95% CI 1.33‐ 11.79, P = .01, respectively), while only HR risers was shown to be correlated with a decline in eGFR≥ 50% (hazard ratio 5.28, 95% CI 1.45–19.16, P < .05), and decline in eGFR (β ‐0.17, 95% CI ‐0.33‐ ‐0.01, P = .04). No predictive value was found for HR dipping pattern to mortality and CV events. In conclusion, our study provided the first evidence that HR non‐dippers, especially risers were a risk factor for poor renal outcomes in hypertensive patients with CKD.
Prognostic significance of day‐by‐day in‐hospital blood pressure variability in COVID‐19 patients with hypertension
Authors: He Chunyan , Liu Chuan , Yang Jie , Tan Hu , Ding Xiaohan , Gao Xubin , Yang Yuanqi , Shen Yang , Xiang Hedong , Ke Jingbin , Yuan Fangzhengyuan , Chen Renzheng , Cheng Ran , Lv Hailin , Li Ping , Zhang Limin , Huang Lan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHypertension is the most common comorbidity in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) and increases in‐hospital mortality. Day‐by‐day blood pressure (BP) variability (BPV) is associated with clinical outcomes in hypertensive patients. However, little information is available on the association of BPV with the outcomes of COVID‐19 patients with hypertension. This study aimed to demonstrate whether day‐by‐day in‐hospital BPV had prognostic significance in these patients. The authors included 702 COVID‐19 patients with hypertension from Huoshenshan Hospital (Wuhan, China), who underwent valid in‐hospital BP measurements on at least seven consecutive days. Day‐by‐day BPV was assessed by standard deviation (SD), coefficient of variation (CV), and variation independent of mean (VIM). Overall, patients with severe COVID‐19 and non‐survivors had higher BPV than moderate cases and survivors, respectively. Additionally, higher BPV was correlated with greater age and higher levels of C‐reactive protein, procalcitonin, high‐sensitive cardiac troponin I, and B‐type natriuretic peptide. In multivariable Cox regression, SD of systolic BP (SBP) was predictive of mortality [hazard ratio (HR) 1.17, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05–1.30] as well as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (HR 1.09, 95% CI 1.01–1.16). Similar trends were observed for CV and VIM of SBP, but not indices of diastolic BP variability. The authors demonstrated that day‐by‐day in‐hospital SBP variability can independently predict mortality and ARDS in COVID‐19 patients with hypertension. And high BPV might be correlated with severe inflammation and myocardial injury. Further studies are needed to clarify whether early reduction of BPV will improve the prognosis of these patients.
Diel migration pattern of pink salmon fry in small streams
Authors: Yamada Taihei , Urabe Hirokazu , Nakamura Futoshi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDownstream migration is a critical stage in the anadromous salmonid life cycle, but previous studies have shown different results between rivers or surveys for the diel downstream migration pattern of the fry of the pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha. We investigated the diel migration pattern of pink salmon fry in three small streams. Our results showed that pink salmon fry migrate mainly within a few hours after sunset; 89.9% of migration occurred between 18:00 and 23:00. Therefore, the results indicated that sunset time influences the diel migration pattern of pink salmon fry in small streams. This pattern could be a predator‐avoidance behaviour.
Structure and regulation of desmosomes in intercalated discs: Lessons from epithelia
Authors: Yeruva Sunil , Waschke Jens 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFor electromechanical coupling of cardiomyocytes, intercalated discs (ICDs) are pivotal as highly specialized intercellular contact areas. ICD consists of adhesive contacts, such as desmosomes and adherens junctions (AJs) that are partially intermingled and thereby form an area composita to provide mechanical strength, as well as gap junctions (GJ) and sodium channels for excitation propagation. In contrast, in epithelia, mixed junctions with features of desmosomes and AJs are regarded as transitory primarily during the formation of desmosomes. The anatomy of desmosomes is defined by a typical ultrastructure with dense intracellular plaques anchoring the cadherin‐type adhesion molecules to the intermediate filament cytoskeleton. Desmosomal diseases characterized by impaired adhesive and signalling functions of desmosomal contacts lead to arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy when affecting cardiomyocytes and cause pemphigus when manifesting in keratinocytes or present as cardiocutaneous syndromes when both cell types are targeted by the disease, which underscores the high biomedical relevance of these cell contacts. Therefore, comparative analyses regarding the structure and regulation of desmosomal contacts in cardiomyocytes and epithelial cells are helpful to better understand disease pathogenesis. In this brief review, we describe the structural properties of ICD compared to epithelial desmosomes and suggest that mechanisms regulating adhesion may at least in part be comparable. Also, we discuss whether phenomena such as hyperadhesion or the bidirectional regulation of desmosomes to serve as signalling hubs in epithelial cells may also be relevant for ICD.
Going the Extra Mile: Distant Lending and Credit Cycles
Authors: GRANJA JOÃO , LEUZ CHRISTIAN , RAJAN RAGHURAM G. 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTThe average distance of U.S. banks from their small corporate borrowers increased before the global financial crisis, especially for banks in competitive counties. Small distant loans are harder to make, so loan quality deteriorated. Surprisingly, such lending intensified as the Fed raised interest rates from 2004. Why? We show that banks' responses to higher rates led bank deposits to shift into competitive counties. Short‐horizon bank management recycled these inflows into risky loans to distant uncompetitive counties. Thus, rate hikes, competition, and managerial short‐termism explain why inflows “burned a hole” in banks' pockets and, more generally, increased risky lending.
Expression of extracellular matrix proteins nidogen‐1 and legumain in endometrial carcinomas
Authors: Bayramoglu Zeynep , Kılınc Ayse N. U. , Omeroglu Ethem , Yilmaz Fatih , Bayramoglu Denizhan , Unlu Yasar , Aydin Hulya A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPurposeOur purpose was to comparatively investigate the expressions of nidogen‐1 (NID1) and legumain (LGMN) in patients with endometrial cancer, endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia, and proliferative endometrium.MethodsA cross‐sectional, single‐center study was performed by the obstetrics and gynecology and pathology departments of our institution. The relationships between descriptive data, clinicopathologic information, and immunohistochemical expressions of NID1 and LGMN were investigated.ResultsThe histological grades of endometrial cancers (n = 124) as classified by FIGO included 1 (41, 21.1%), 2 (48, 24.7%), and 3 (35, 18.0%). The medians and ranges of deep and superficial NID1 expressions were 50.00 (0–285) and 5.00 (0–100), respectively. The intensity of legumain expression was noted as negative (30, 24.2%), mild (16, 12.9%), moderate (27, 21.8%), or strong (51, 41.1%). Median disease‐free survival and overall survival were 75.00 (range: 1 to 170) months and 77.00 (range: 1 to 170) months, respectively. Patients with more intense expression of NID1 and LGMN displayed a higher histological grade. These patients were more likely to have a positive peritoneal cytology, larger tumor size, higher tendency for myometrial or lymphovascular invasion, involvement of ovaries, cervix, omentum, as well as lymph node metastasis, and recurrence.ConclusionOur data indicated that the expressions of NID1 and LGMN may have important diagnostic implications in endometrial pathologies. Further studies should be performed to understand the significance of NID1 and LGMN in the pathogenesis of endometrial tumors.
Comparison of MRI methods for measuring whole‐brain oxygen extraction fraction under different geometric conditions at 7T
Authors: Lundberg Anna , Lind Emelie , Olsson Hampus , Helms Gunther , Knutsson Linda , Wirestam Ronnie 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackground and PurposeCerebral tissue oxygenation is a critical brain viability parameter, and the magnetic properties of hemoglobin offer the opportunity to noninvasively quantify oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Ultrahigh‐field MRI shows advantages such as increased sensitivity to magnetic susceptibility differences and improved signal‐to‐noise ratio that can be translated into smaller voxel size, but also increased sensitivity to static and B1 field inhomogeneities. The aim was to produce a systematic comparison of three MRI‐based methods for estimation of OEF.MethodsOEF estimates in 16 healthy subjects were obtained at 7T utilizing susceptometry‐based oximetry (SBO), quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM), and transverse relaxation rate (R2*). Two major draining veins, that is, the superior sagittal sinus (SSS) and the straight sinus (SS), were investigated, including mutual agreement between the methods in each of the two different vessels, agreement between vessels as well as potential vessel angle and vessel size dependences.ResultsVery good correlation (r = .88) was found between SBO‐based and QSM‐based OEF estimates in SSS. Only QSM showed a moderate correlation (r = .61) between corresponding OEF estimates in SSS and SS. For SBO, a trend of increasing OEF estimates was observed as the SS vessel angle relative to the main magnetic field increased. No obvious size dependence could be established for any method. The R2*‐based OEF estimates were reasonable (35%‐36%), but the observed range was somewhat low.ConclusionThe results indicate that QSM is a promising candidate for assessment of OEF estimates, for example, providing reasonably robust estimates across a wide range of vessel orientations.
Virulence analysis of wheat stem rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) in Horro Guduru Wollega, Western Ethiopia
Authors: Abdissa Tola , Fininsa Chemeda , Abeyo Bekele , Woldeab Getaneh 
Published: February 2022

AbstractStem rust caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici is one of Ethiopia's most serious wheat diseases. Because of mutation and genetic recombination, stem rust can rapidly evolve new virulence to resistant genes. The Ethiopian highlands are well‐known hotspots for the rapid emergence and spread of new wheat stem rust races. The objective of this study was to determine the virulence diversity and spatial distribution of Pgt races in the main wheat‐growing districts, Horro Guduru Wollega. Wheat stem rust samples were collected from Abay Chomen, Amuru, Guduru, Hababo Guduru, Horro, Jardaga Jarte, Jimma Ganati and Jimma Rare districts during the main cropping seasons of 2015 and 2016. In the study, 147 stem rust isolates were derived from 121 viable samples. The physiological races of stem rust were determined on seedlings of standard wheat stem rust differentials using the International System of nomenclature. Twelve (12) physiological races of stem rust were identified. TKTTF, TTKSK, JRCQC, TRTTF and TTTTF were the most common in all districts with a frequency of 53.1%, 15.6%, 14.3%, 6.8% and 2.7%, respectively. TKTTF and TTKSK, two highly virulent races, were found in all districts. Four stem rust resistance genes (Sr11, Sr31, Sr36 and SrTmp) confer resistance to the majority of the virulent races identified. Sr24 was effective against all virulent races in this study but ineffective against the Ug99 variant (race TTKTT) detected in the country. The findings could be helpful for breeders to select many effective resistance gene combinations to provide more durable stem rust resistance.
Regression to the mean in vegetation science
Authors: Mazalla Leonie , Diekmann Martin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimsWe present a possible pitfall in the statistical evaluation of vegetation resurvey studies and longitudinal experimental studies caused by the stochastic phenomenon called ‘regression to the mean’. It manifests itself in a negative correlation of change scores (the difference between an initial and a follow‐up measurement) with the initially measured values. If disregarded, analyses of the drivers of change may be misleading. The aim of this paper is to raise awareness of this issue in vegetation science.MethodsThe relevance of ‘regression to the mean’ is shown using four exemplary data sets, two from grasslands and two from forests with time gaps for the survey periods between 11 and 32 years, using in total 26 variables. The stochastic mechanism behind it is explained in detail and visualised with artificial data. A suggestion for how to deal with this phenomenon in the analysis of models regressing change in a variable on a predictor variable is made based on one of the exemplary data sets.ResultsWe found the effect of ‘regression to the mean’ in 24 out of 26 examined variables. It also had a significant impact on the results of models that aimed to explain the change in an observed variable (e.g., change in species number) with another variable (e.g., soil nitrogen content).ConclusionsThe effects of ‘regression to the mean’ are important to keep in mind when interpreting results of resurvey studies, but also when evaluating treatments in experimental studies. We propose to always include the initial values of a variable as a predictor when calculating models of its change scores or evaluating treatment effects. This is especially important when the initial values are already correlated with potential predictor variables.
Leflunomide‐induced liver injury: Differences in characteristics and outcomes in Indian and US registries
Authors: Devarbhavi Harshad , Ghabril Marwan , Barnhart Huiman , Patil Mallikarjun , Raj Sujata , Gu Jiezhun , Chalasani Naga , Bonkovsky Herbert L. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundLeflunomide, a disease‐modifying anti‐rheumatic drug, has been associated with elevations of serum aminotransferases. Herein, we describe the clinical, laboratory features and outcomes of 17 patients with leflunomide/teriflunomide hepatotoxicity from two large drug‐induced liver injury (DILI) registries.MethodsConsecutive, adjudicated cases of leflunomide (n = 16)‐or teriflunomide (n = 1)‐related DILI from a single centre in Bangalore, India and the multicentre US Drug‐Induced Liver Injury Network (DILIN) were reviewed.ResultsNine (0.8%) of the 1070 Indian patients and 8 (0.5%) of the 1400 DILIN patients fulfilled the criteria for DILI because of leflunomide‐ or teriflunomide. 89% of the Indian cases were women and all were associated with severe cutaneous adverse reaction (SCAR) and a median drug latency of 49 days, whereas 37.5% of the DILIN cases were female, none exhibited SCAR and the median drug latency was 166 days. Hepatocellular injury (70%) was more common in women than men (92% vs. 20%) and was associated with younger mean age (41 vs. 59 years), higher peak INR (2.3 vs. 1.2) and higher mortality (58% vs. 0%). Mortality was observed in six patients from India (2 of the three with myocarditis) and one received liver transplantation from the USA.ConclusionLeflunomide‐induced liver injury is predominantly hepatocellular. Leflunomide hepatotoxicity is more likely accompanied by SCAR, a short latency and a higher mortality in the Indian cohort, with a predominance of females, compared to US DILIN patients. The differences in skin involvement, immunoallergic features and outcomes among subjects from India vs. the USA suggest that genetic or environmental factors are important in the pathogenesis of liver injury.