bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in children evaluated in an ambulatory setting during Delta and Omicron time periods
Authors: Smith Hana , Mahon Allison , Moss Angela , Rao Suchitra 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) variants and re‐emergence of other respiratory viruses highlight the need to understand the presentation of and factors associated with SARS‐CoV‐2 in pediatric populations over time. The objective of this study was to evaluate the sociodemographic characteristics, symptoms, and epidemiological risk factors associated with ambulatory SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in children and determine if factors differ by variant type. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of outpatient children undergoing SARS‐CoV‐2 polymerase chain reaction testing between November 2020 and January 2022. Test‐positive were compared with test‐negative children to evaluate symptoms, exposure risk, demographics, and comparisons between Omicron, Delta, and pre‐Delta time periods. Among 2264 encounters, 361 (15.9%) were positive for SARS‐CoV‐2. The cohort was predominantly Hispanic (51%), 5–11 years (44%), and 53% male; 5% had received two coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) vaccine doses. Factors associated with a positive test include loss of taste/smell (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 6.71, [95% confidence interval, CI: 2.99–15.08]), new cough (aOR: 2.38, [95% CI: 1.69–3.36]), headache (aOR: 1.90, [95% CI: 1.28–2.81), fever (aOR: 1.83, [95% CI: 1.29–2.60]), contact with a positive case (aOR: 5.12, [95% CI: 3.75–6.97]), or household contact (aOR: 2.66, [95% CI: 1.96–3.62]). Among positive children, loss of taste/smell was more predominant during the Delta versus Omicron and pre‐Delta periods (12% vs. 2% and 3%, respectively, p = 0.0017), cough predominated during Delta/Omicron periods more than the pre‐Delta period (69% and 65% vs. 41%, p = 0.0002), and there were more asymptomatic children in the pre‐Delta period (30% vs. 18% and 10%, p = 0.0023). These findings demonstrate that the presentation of COVID‐19 in children and most susceptible age groups has changed over time.
Nitrification inhibition by polyphenols from invasive Fallopia japonica under copper stress
Authors: Girardi Johanna P. , Korz Sven , Muñoz Katherine , Jamin Jellian , Schmitz Daniel , Rösch Verena , Riess Kai , Schützenmeister Klaus , Jungkunst Hermann F. , Brunn Melanie 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe invasive plant species Fallopia japonica is suspected to use polyphenols as a novel weapon to inhibit nitrification in soil. Both specific polyphenols and their entry pathways are yet to be determined. As plants may increase the production of polyphenols under copper (Cu) stress, an additive effect can be expected in contaminated (riparian) areas.AimsThis study aimed to identify the entry pathways of total and specific polyphenols in F. japonica and to test whether polyphenols inhibit nitrification with Cu contamination.MethodsCombining F. japonica and a Cu gradient in a 2‐year mesocosm experiment, total polyphenol, emodin, and resveratrol concentrations were analyzed in the plant (roots, root exudates, vital and senescent leaves) and soil (rhizosphere, non‐rooted soil) representing different entry pathways. We measured the potential nitrification rate (PNR) under stress caused by F. japonica and Cu as well as the response of PNR under resveratrol and emodin addition.ResultsEmodin and resveratrol were detected in all plant tissues. Emodin concentrations significantly increased in senescent leaves under Cu stress, while no Cu effect was observed for resveratrol or total polyphenols. Resveratrol decreased the PNR. The stressors had neither a synergistic nor additive effect. Nitrification inhibition was lower in the rhizosphere compared to the non‐rooted soil, suggesting that F. japonica reduced nitrate availability for co‐occurring plants.ConclusionsJoint occurrence of F. japonica and Cu did not amplify the PNR inhibition over the individual effect. Our study emphasizes the effectiveness of F. japonica in inhibiting the PNR in invaded riparian ecosystems with potentially negative effects on biodiversity.
Highly Stretchable, Self‐Healing, and Low Temperature Resistant Double Network Hydrogel Ionic Conductor as Flexible Sensor and Quasi‐Solid Electrolyte
Authors: Ma Xudong , Maimaitiyiming Xieraili 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWith the rapid development of flexible energy storage and wearable strain sensing, conductive hydrogels are attracting attention as electrolyte materials for flexible strain sensors and flexible supercapacitors due to their excellent flexibility and wetting properties. In this work, antifreezing hydrogels with high stretchability, adhesion, and conductivity are designed and prepared by introducing phosphoric acid solutions into polyacrylamide and chitosan systems. The multifunctional hydrogel samples prepared by this method can be used as both quasi‐solid electrolytes and wearable strain sensors. The hydrogel‐based supercapacitor shows a charge/discharge efficiency of 99.67% and a capacitance retention of 98.85% after 10 000 cycles charge/discharge tests at −30 °C. The tiny characteristic heartbeat wave forms are detected by the hydrogel as a flexible strain sensor. It is foreseeable that PCP multifunctional hydrogel can be a promising flexible material for a new generation of flexible sensors and flexible energy storage devices in a certain range of temperatures.
Integrating biodiversity conservation and local community perspectives in China through human dimensions research
Authors: Ma Heidi , Zhang Di , Xiao Lingyun , Wang Yifu , Zhang Lu , Thompson Carolyn , Chen Jingyu , Dowell Simon D. , Axmacher Jan Christoph , Lü Zhi , Turvey Samuel T. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Biodiversity in China coexists alongside large ethnically diverse rural human populations within linked ‘biocultural’ social–ecological systems. Cumulative and changing local anthropogenic pressures linked to human population growth and economic development are driving unsustainable resource exploitation, habitat loss and extensive species declines. However, these pressures vary between species and systems, and efforts to conserve regional biodiversity may also have unintended negative impacts on local communities and their long‐term relationship with nature.

Based on our extensive experience working across China's diverse but vulnerable biocultural landscapes, we showcase a series of case studies that illustrate the differing interactions between biodiversity and local community use of natural resources, and the differing consequences of conservation management on local livelihoods.

We highlight that some social–ecological relationships in China can maintain and support biodiversity, and we advocate for management underpinned by interdisciplinary conservation research that engages local communities, associated with robust evidence‐based assessment and evaluation frameworks to ensure effective monitoring and optimization of impacts.

We frame a series of steps required to understand and mitigate local pressures on threatened species in China and identify potential ‘win–win’ approaches for the regional maintenance of biodiversity, ecosystem services and sustainable livelihoods, with directions proposed for future research, engagement and management.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Adaptive strategy biases in engineered ecosystems: Implications for plant community dynamics and the provisioning of ecosystem services to people
Authors: Krauss Lauren , Rippy Megan A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPlant communities in green stormwater infrastructure (GSI) such as biofilters play an integral role in ecosystem services provisioning, such that many design manuals now feature plant lists that guide vegetation selection.This study looks at the implications of those lists for biofilter plant communities and their services, focusing on (1) how plants are selected across US climate zones, (2) whether selected plants exhibit adaptive strategy biases (i.e. towards competitive, stress tolerant or ruderal strategies that might impact ecosystem services provisioning) and (3) whether human‐induced selection or natural climatic processes underly any biases revealed.Our results suggest that biofilter plant strategies are significantly biased towards stress tolerance or competitiveness (depending on the climate zone) and away from ruderalness relative to the broader pool of native and wetland‐adapted native species.Competitive bias was evident in humid‐continental climates and stress‐tolerant bias in hot coastal/arid climates, with some degree of anti‐ruderal bias present across all zones.These biases are correlated with human concerns related to water availability and climate (water conservation;p < 0.05, irrigation;p < 0.1, climate extremes;p < 0.1). They do not appear to reflect strict climatological limits (i.e. limits that are independent of preferences or design constraints imposed by people) because they are not also evident for native plants.The benefits and costs of relaxing these biases are discussed, focusing on the implications for water quality, hydrologic, and cultural services provisioning and the dynamicity of GSI ecosystems, particularly their capacity to self‐repair, a prerequisite for the development of self‐sustaining GSI.Read the freePlain Language Summaryfor this article on the Journal blog.
Differential ultracentrifugation enables deep plasma proteomics through enrichment of extracellular vesicles
Authors: Kverneland Anders H. , Østergaard Ole , Emdal Kristina Bennet , Svane Inge Marie , Olsen Jesper Velgaard 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHuman plasma is a rich source of biomedical information and biomarkers. However, the enormous dynamic range of plasma proteins limits its accessibility to mass spectrometric (MS) analysis. Here, we show that enrichment of extracellular vesicles (EVs) by ultracentrifugation increases plasma proteome depth by an order of magnitude. With this approach, more than two thousand proteins are routinely and reproducibly quantified by label‐free quantification and data independent acquisition (DIA) in single‐shot liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry runs of less than one hour. We present an optimized plasma proteomics workflow that enables high‐throughput with very short chromatographic gradients analyzing hundred samples per day with deep proteome coverage, especially when including a study‐specific spectral library generated by repeated injection and gas‐phase fractionation of pooled samples. Finally, we test the workflow on clinical biobank samples from malignant melanoma patients in immunotherapy to demonstrate the improved proteome coverage supporting the potential for future biomarker discovery.
The set‐up and evaluation of fine‐scale data assimilation for the urban climate of Amsterdam
Authors: Koopmans Sytse , van Haren Ronald , Theeuwes Natalie , Ronda Reinder , Uijlenhoet Remko , Holtslag Albert A. M. , Steeneveld Gert‐Jan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOngoing urbanization highlights the need for a better understanding and high resolution modelling of the urban climate. In this study, we combine rural observations by WMO surface stations, weather radar data and urban crowd‐sourced observations with very fine‐scale modelling efforts for Amsterdam, The Netherlands. As a model, we use the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) mesoscale model with 3D variational data assimilation at a 100‐m resolution in the innermost model domain. In order to enable the assimilation of observations within the urban canopy, we develop a scheme to reduce urban temperature biases by adjusting urban fabric temperatures. The scheme is tested against independent urban observations for the summer month of July 2014 and specifically for a hot period and an extreme precipitation event. We find data assimilation reduces biases in temperature and wind speed. Within the city, the most significant improvement is the reduction of negative temperature biases during clear nights, which implies a better prediction of the Urban Heat Island (UHI). Concerning precipitation, the fractional skill score improves incrementally when additional observations are assimilated, and the largest impact is seen from the assimilation of weather radar observations.
Novel Bayesian CUSUM and EWMA control charts via various loss functions for monitoring processes
Authors: Jones Chelsea L. , Abdel‐Salam Abdel‐Salam G. , Mays D'Arcy 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this work, both the cumulative sum (CUSUM) and exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) control charts have been reconfigured to monitor processes using a Bayesian approach. Our construction of these charts are informed by posterior and posterior predictive distributions found using three loss functions: the squared error, precautionary, and linex. We use these control charts on count data, performing a simulation study to assess chart performance. Our simulations consist of sensitivity analysis of the out‐of‐control shift size and choice of hyper‐parameters of the given distributions. Practical use of theses charts are evaluated on real data.
Finite‐time control of mobile manipulators subject to unknown/unstructured external disturbances
Authors: Galicki Miroslaw 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA robust finite‐time control law is proposed for mobile manipulators with uncertain both kinematic and dynamic equations. Moreover, the following external disturbances are allowed to act on the system: unstructured forces exerted on the end‐effector, slip reaction forces affecting the platform wheels, unknown friction forces coming from joints directly driven by the actuators and undesirable unstructured forces caused by singular configurations. In order to cope with both parametric uncertainties and unknown/unstructured external disturbances, we first transform the original control problem whose non‐holonomic constraints are violated into a steering one in an extended space of generalized coordinates with extended non‐holonomic constraints of the Pfaffian form and then introduce a task space non‐singular terminal sliding manifold. Based on the Lyapunov stability theory, a new class of estimated extended transposed Jacobian control laws is derived which both effectively counteract the external forces and significantly reduce the slipping phenomena. A second order sliding technique is involved in our control law to eliminate undesirable chattering effect. An illustrative example of a mobile manipulator control demonstrates the advantages of the approach. Moreover, numerical comparisons with other representative controllers well‐known in the literature are also given.
Folate Receptor‐Mediated Delivery of Cas9 RNP for Enhanced Immune Checkpoint Disruption in Cancer Cells
Authors: Lin Yi , Wilk Ulrich , Pöhmerer Jana , Hörterer Elisa , Höhn Miriam , Luo Xianjin , Mai Hongcheng , Wagner Ernst , Lächelt Ulrich 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR‐associated protein 9 (Cas9) system offers great opportunities for the treatment of numerous diseases by precise modification of the genome. The functional unit of the system is represented by Cas9/sgRNA ribonucleoproteins (RNP), which mediate sequence‐specific cleavage of DNA. For therapeutic applications, efficient and cell‐specific transport into target cells is essential. Here, Cas9 RNP nanocarriers are described, which are based on lipid‐modified oligoamino amides and folic acid (FolA)‐PEG to realize receptor‐mediated uptake and gene editing in cancer cells. In vitro studies confirm strongly enhanced potency of receptor‐mediated delivery, and the nanocarriers enable efficient knockout of GFP and two immune checkpoint genes, PD‐L1 and PVR, at low nanomolar concentrations. Compared with non‐targeted nanoparticles, FolA‐modified nanocarriers achieve substantially higher gene editing including dual PD‐L1/PVR gene disruption after injection into CT26 tumors in vivo. In the syngeneic mouse model, dual disruption of PD‐L1 and PVR leads to CD8+ T cell recruitment and distinct CT26 tumor growth inhibition, clearly superior to the individual knockouts alone. The reported Cas9 RNP nanocarriers represent a versatile platform for potent and receptor‐specific gene editing. In addition, the study demonstrates a promising strategy for cancer immunotherapy by permanent and combined immune checkpoint disruption.
Synthesis of Ultrathin Topological Insulator β‐Ag2Te and Ag2Te/WSe2‐Based High‐Performance Photodetector
Authors: Sun Fapeng , Hong Wenting , He Xu , Jian Chuanyong , Ju Qiankun , Cai Qian , Liu Wei 
Published: November 2022

Abstractβ‐Ag2Te has attracted considerable attention in the application of electronics and optoelectronics due to its narrow bandgap, high mobility, and topological insulator properties. However, it remains a significant challenge to synthesize 2D Ag2Te because of the non‐layered structure of Ag2Te. Herein, the synthesis of large‐size, ultrathin single crystal topological insulator 2D Ag2Te via the van der Waals epitaxial method for the first time is reported. The 2D Ag2Te crystal exhibits p‐type conduction behavior with high carrier mobility of 3336 cm2 V−1 s−1 at room temperature. Taking advantage of the high mobility and perfect electron structure of Ag2Te, the Ag2Te/WSe2 heterojunctions are fabricated via mechanical stacking and show an ultrahigh rectification ratio of 2 × 105. Ag2Te/WSe2 photodetector also exhibits self‐driven properties with a fast response speed (40 µs/60 µs) in the near‐infrared region. High responsivity (219 mA W−1) and light ON/OFF ratio of 6 × 105 are obtained under the photovoltaic mode. The overall performance of the Ag2Te/WSe2 photodetector is significantly competitive among all reported 2D photodetectors. These results indicate that 2D Ag2Te is a promising candidate for future electronic and optoelectronic applications.
Nanotechnology and photodynamic therapy from a clinical perspective
Authors: Abdel Gaber Sara A. , Fadel Maha 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) is currently applied clinically in many medical centers worldwide. The clinical outcomes are from one side satisfying and from the other side highlighting the areas of further development. Issues like hydrophobicity of the photosensitizer (PS), uncontrolled distribution and limited tissue penetration of the accompanying light sources triggered the interest of many research groups. Nanotechnology outstood among the various suggested enhancement solutions. In this review, the rationale behind using nanotechnology is discussed. Light is shed on the status of nanotechnology from approval for clinical use. Clinical studies of PS‐loaded nanoparticles are summarized and the challenges facing the progress of those systems are enumerated.
Involvement of a AS3MT/c‐Fos/p53 signaling axis in arsenic‐induced tumor in human lung cells
Authors: Sun Mingjun , Cheng Huirong , Yu Tianle , Tan Jingwen , Li Ming , Chen Qian , Gu Yun , Jiang Chenglan , Li Shuting , He Yuefeng , Wen Weihua 
Published: November 2022

AbstractArsenite methyltransferase (AS3MT) is an enzyme that catalyzes the dimethylation of arsenite (+3 oxidation state). At present, the studies on arsenic carcinogenicity mainly focus on studying the polymorphisms of AS3MT and measuring their catalytic activities. We recently showed that AS3MT was overexpressed in lung cancer patients who had not been exposed to arsenic. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of AS3MT in arsenite‐induced tumorigenesis. In this study, we showed that AS3MT protein expression was higher in the arsenic‐exposed population compared to the unexposed population. AS3MT was also overexpressed in human lung adenocarcinoma (A549) and human bronchial epithelial (16HBE) cells exposed to arsenic (A549: 20–60 μmol/L; 16HBE: 2–6 μmol/L) for 48 h. Furthermore, we investigated the effects of AS3MT on cell proliferation and apoptosis using siRNA. The downregulation of AS3MT inhibited the proliferation and promoted the apoptosis of cells. Mechanistically, AS3MT was found to specifically bind to c‐Fos, thereby inhibiting the binding of c‐Fos to c‐Jun. Additionally, the siRNA‐mediated knockdown of AS3MT enhanced the phosphorylation of Ser392 in p53 by upregulating p38 MAPK expression. This led to the activation of p53 signaling and the upregulated expression of downstream targets, such as p21, Fas, PUMA, and Bax. Together, these studies revealed that the inorganic arsenic‐mediated upregulation of AS3MT expression directly affected the proliferation and apoptosis of cells, leading to arsenic‐induced toxicity or carcinogenicity.
White‐tailed deer movement in response to helicopter surveys
Authors: Dyal Jordan R. , Miller Karl V. , Cherry Michael J. , D'Angelo Gino J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDisturbance of wildlife from aircraft during aerial surveys could affect behavior or displace animals, causing them to cross multiple transects resulting in double counting or increasing likelihood of them seeking cover thereby impacting detection probability. We monitored 14 GPS‐instrumented male white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) during helicopter surveys to evaluate if surveys influenced behavior. We collected GPS locations at 10‐min intervals during helicopter flights (i.e., 0700–1000 hours) and determined which individuals were contacted (i.e., within the flight transect at the moment of flyover whether detected or not) by the helicopter. We evaluated activity rates (% of seconds active during 10‐min fix interval) and movements (m) of contacted and non‐contacted deer using generalized linear mixed effects models (GLMMs) and habitat selection using step‐selection functions (SSFs). Activity rates of deer did not differ between contacted and non‐contacted individuals, however, contacted deer had shorter step‐lengths. There was no difference in selection of vegetative cover between contacted and non‐contacted individuals. Deer that were in close proximity to helicopter flyovers (i.e., 100 m on either side of the aircraft) reduced their step‐lengths, potentially decreasing detection probability. We found no evidence that disturbance from helicopter flyovers result in deer altering habitat selection or fleeing in a manner that could result in double counting. Instead, it appears deer disturbed by surveys are more likely to reduce movement.
Tri-resonant leptogenesis in a seesaw extension of the Standard Model
Authors: Candia da Silva P. , Karamitros D. , McKelvey T. , Pilaftsis A. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We study a class of leptogenesis models where the light neutrinos acquire their observed small masses by a symmetry-motivated construction. This class of models may naturally include three nearly degenerate heavy Majorana neutrinos that can strongly mix with one another and have mass differences comparable to their decay widths. We find that such a tri-resonant heavy neutrino system can lead to leptonic CP asymmetries which are further enhanced than those obtained in the usual bi-resonant approximation. Moreover, we solve the Boltzmann equations by paying special attention to the temperature dependence of the relativistic degrees of freedom of the plasma. The latter results in significant corrections to the evolution equations for the heavy neutrinos and the lepton asymmetry that have been previously ignored in the literature. We show the importance of these corrections to accurately describe the dynamical evolution of the baryon-to-photon ratio ηB for heavy neutrino masses at and below 100 GeV, and demonstrate that successful leptogenesis at lower masses can be significantly affected by the variation of the relativistic degrees of freedom. The parameter space for the leptogenesis model is discussed, and it could be probed in future experimental facilities searching for charged lepton flavour violation and heavy neutrinos in future Z-boson factories.