bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improved Sitting Balance in Children with Cerebral Palsy: Body Functions to Activity and Participation
Authors: Akyuz Merve , Dursun Nigar , Gokbel Tugba , Cekmece Cigdem , Dursun Erbil 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study is to evaluate the changes in activity and participation domains of International Classification of Functioning (ICF), Disability and Health, in children with cerebral palsy (CP) who received integrated botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) treatment with intensive rehabilitation with a treatment goal of improved sitting balance. In this prospective observational study, 29 patients with CP (mean age: 6.7 ± 3.8 years) and the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels of IV and V were included. The primary outcome measures were the mean changes from baseline to posttreatment weeks 10 to 12 of the Child and Adolescent Scale of Participation (CASP) and Caregiver Priorities and Child Health Index of Life with Disabilities (CPCHILD). The modified Ashworth scale (MAS) and Tardieu scale (TS) results at 6 to 8 weeks of posttreatment were the secondary outcome measures. Statistically significant improvements in home and community participation of CASP (p < 0.001 and 0.001), CPCHILD (p < 0.01), MAS (p < 0.001), and all parameters of TS (p < 0.05) were recorded after treatment. The result of this prospective, observational study showed that the functional improvements in sitting balance by the integrated BoNT-A treatment provides positive effects on activity and participation levels of the patient and quality of life of patients and their families.
Setting Preconception Care Priorities in Australia Using a Delphi Technique
Authors: Boyle Jacqueline A. , Black Kirsten , Dorney Edwina , Amor David J. , Brown Louise , Callander Emily , Camilleri Renea , Cheney Kate , Gordon Adrienne , Hammarberg Karin , Jeyapalan Dheepa , Leahy Deana , Millard Jo , Mills Catherine , Musgrave Loretta , Norman Robert J. , O'Brien Claire , Roach Vijay , Skouteris Helen , Steel Amie , Walker Sue , Walker Ruth 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPreconception health affects fertility, pregnancy, and future health outcomes but public awareness of this is low. Our aims were to rank priorities for preconception care (PCC), develop strategies to address these priorities, and establish values to guide future work in preconception healthcare in Australia. A Delphi technique involved two rounds of online voting and mid-round workshops. Inputs were a scoping review of PCC guidelines, a priority setting framework and existing networks that focus on health. During July and August, 2021, 23 multidisciplinary experts in PCC or social care, including a consumer advocate, completed the Delphi technique. Ten priority areas were identified, with health behaviors, medical history, weight, and reproductive health ranked most highly. Six strategies were identified. Underpinning values encompassed engagement with stakeholders, a life course view of preconception health, an integrated multi-sectorial approach and a need for large scale collaboration to implement interventions that deliver impact across health care, social care, policy and population health. Priority populations were considered within the social determinants of health. Health behaviors, medical history, weight, and reproductive health were ranked highly as PCC priorities. Key strategies to address priorities should be implemented with consideration of values that improve the preconception health of all Australians.
Metaphor and mental shortcuts
Authors: Ifantidou Elly , Piata Anna 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Cognitive-pragmatic approaches to how metaphors are understood view the activation of perceptual or motor effects as inferred (Steinhart 2001; Bergen 2005; Wilson and Carston 2006; Carston 2010; Gibbs and de Macedo 2010; Wilson and Carston 2019). Crucially, inferences elicit conceptual representations, e.g. in the form of implicatures, and/or mental simulations, e.g. in the form of imagery, memory, an impression and other private elements. Emotional effects, being non-conceptual, must be left out of this picture. But evidence in neurolinguistics and psycholinguistics has shown that metaphors activate brain regions linked to emotions (for a review, see Ifantidou 2019; Citron 2020), and that in L2, in the absence of fully-propositional meaning (due to unknown words), metaphors yield meaningful interpretations by evoking imagery, impressions, emotions (Ifantidou 2019, 2021a, 2021b; Ifantidou and Hatzidaki 2019). Drawing on relevance-theoretic views, we would like to argue that metaphors are processed in not entirely propositional terms. Subjective experience heuristics (originally proposed as “availability heuristic” by Tversky and Kahneman 1974; Schwarzand and Wänke 2002; “affect heuristic” by Zajonc 1980) allows making rapid responses by absorbing emotions, imagery, impressions, into the interpretation process, an ability which outweighs (the need for) standard inferential reasoning processes. Such a position is likely to apply to non-metaphorical language, too and thus pervade linguistic processing in general.
Why truth matters
Authors: Moeschler Jacques 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis article is about truth and relevance. It first discusses the concept of truth in formal semantics and pragmatics, mainly the Gricean, neo-Gricean and post-Gricean approaches to meaning. What is particularly crucial is the relationship between pragmatic meaning and truth, since, from a Gricean perspective, meaning is defined as non-truth-conditional, which in turn raises the question of how truth can be a pragmatic issue. A second issue is the relationship between truth and relevance, as developed in relevance theory. A third key point is how truth matters as regards the common ground. In order to illustrate how truth is connected to the common ground,bullshit, post-truth, fake newsandliesare discussed, which raise the issue of how truth can be defeated in verbal communication, and mainly how false assumptions can be entertained as true.
Variation and second language acquisition
Authors: Preston Dennis R. , Bayley Robert , Escalante Chelsea 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In addition to introducing the main themes of this volume, the chapter provides a brief overview of recent
developments in variationist studies of second language acquisition (SLA), including work on perception. We suggest that the
type of work included in this volume, which focuses on a range of features in diverse target languages in a wide variety of
social contexts, contributes to broadening the scope of both SLA research and sociolinguistics more generally. While the
importance of the social context for SLA has sometimes been dismissed, the studies included here offer abundant evidence that
such contexts must be considered if we are to fully understand how learners may achieve not only the ability to use language
correctly, but also appropriately.
An investigation of the use of the multifunctional particle ‑le by second language learners of Mandarin
Chinese
Authors: Li Xiaoshi , Bayley Robert , Zhang Xinye , Cui Yaqiong 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The most widely studied aspect marker in Chinese is ‑le. In addition to functioning as a
perfective aspect marker to indicate action completion, it can also serve as a sentence final particle to indicate a currently
relevant state. It is obligatory in some situations but optional in others. And, because both types of ‑le
can be sentence final, the picture is even more complicated. Most studies of ‑le in Chinese as a second
language (L2) have been conducted in a generative framework; this study is the first from a sociolinguistic variationist
perspective, with native speaker data as the baseline, to investigate how learners of L2 Chinese use ‑le in
oral discourse and the factors that influence their use. The data were collected from informal conversations and elicited
narratives spoken by 20 high-intermediate and advanced L2 Chinese speakers resulting in more than 4,000 tokens. Factors
explored include verb complement type, position of ‑le, optionality, verb type, serial verb relationship,
discourse context, sentence type, native language, gender, length of residence, and proficiency level. The results show that
verb complement type, optionality, and position of ‑le are the main constraints and that learners use
-le at a lower rate than native speakers.
Production and evaluation of sociolinguistic variation in Mandarin Chinese among children in Singapore
Authors: Starr Rebecca Lurie 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Singapore Mandarin is traditionally characterized by non-standard features arising from southern Chinese dialect
influence. However, as English expands as a home language in Singapore, children’s Mandarin exposure is increasingly limited
to formal school settings. The situation is further complicated by rising immigration from Mainland China and the presence of
Mainland teachers in the education sector. This study investigates how local and expatriate children in Singapore acquire and
evaluate Mandarin variation in this complex landscape. Expatriates attending international schools are found to orient towards
Mainland varieties, while expatriates in local schools acquire more local usage patterns, but do not demonstrate
sociolinguistic knowledge comparable to Singaporean peers. These findings suggest that transnational migration and language
shift are prompting changes in Singapore Mandarin.
Spanish rhotic variation and development in uninstructed immersion
Authors: Escalante Chelsea , Wright Robyn 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Perhaps due to the salient differences between English and Spanish rhotics, there has been a robust discussion
regarding the acquisition of Spanish taps and trills by first language (L1) English speakers. Previous studies that have
explored rhotic development have suggested that while there is a significant increase in accuracy of producing taps and trills
as Spanish proficiency level increases (Face 2006; Olsen 2012), even advanced learners or learners with intense exposure to the language still face
difficulty in producing the trill (Major 1986; Reeder 1998). Despite the contributions of previous studies, it remains unclear how learners develop the tap and
trill in real time (as opposed to apparent time), to what extent the two rhotic sounds develop differently, and the role of
additional linguistic and extralinguistic factors apart from phonological context and exposure. This study contributes to the
discussion of Spanish rhotic development by tracking uninstructed L1 English learners in an Ecuadorian immersion setting for
one year, providing an analysis of development in real time. By applying variationist methodology using the mixed-effects
model Rbrul (Johnson 2009), we explore the role of phonological
context, lexical stress, word class, cognate status, target word syllables, proficiency, exposure, speech style, and
individual differences in the development of native-like taps and trills. We find that phonological context, word class,
exposure, and speech style significantly condition tap production, while there are no significant predictors found for trill
production. Furthermore, we see that target tap production accuracy grows throughout the year-long stay abroad, but target
trill production shows no improvement.
Variation in choice of prepositions with place names on the French L1–L2 continuum in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Rehner Katherine , Mougeon Raymond , Mougeon Françoise 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This study examines the use of prepositions à (‘in/to’), au (‘in the/to the’),
and en (‘in/to’) with place names across the French first-language – second-language continuum in Ontario,
Canada. The study draws on speech corpora collected among seven groups of students who use French and English to varying
extents in daily life. Choice of expected prepositions in French is determined by complex rules reflecting a place name’s
category and morphological and phonological properties, while in English it reflects the ‘+/– motion’ feature of the verb. The
findings reveal that rates of expected preposition use are influenced to varying extents by the relative difficulty of the
prepositions, the students’ position on the continuum, their individual use of French, and their susceptibility to the
influence of inter-systemic transfer.
Boron nitride materials as emerging catalysts for oxidative dehydrogenation of light alkanes
Authors: Xu Chenyang , Ge Cong , Sun Dandan , Fan Yining , Wang Xue-Bin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLight olefins (C2–C4) play a crucial role as basic ingredients in chemical industry, and oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of light alkanes to olefins has been one of the popular routes since the shale gas revolution. ODH of light alkanes has advantages on energy-and-cost saving as compared with traditional direct dehydrogenation, but it is restricted by its overoxidation which results in the relatively low olefin selectivity. Boron nitride (BN), an interesting nanomaterial with an analogous structure to graphene, springs out and manifests the superior performance as advanced catalysts in ODH, greatly improving the olefin selectivity under high alkane conversion. In this review, we introduce BN nanomaterials in four dimensions together with typical methods of syntheses. Traditional catalysts for ODH are also referred as comparison on several indicators—olefin yields and preparation techniques, including the metal-based catalysts and the non-metal-based catalysts. We also surveyed the BN catalysts for ODH reaction in recent five years, focusing on the different dimensions of BN together with the synthetic routes accounting for the active sites and the catalytic ability. Finally, an outlook of the potential promotion on the design of BN-based catalysts and the possible routes for the exploration of BN-related catalytic mechanisms are proposed.
Excitation-independent deep-blue emitting carbon dots with 62% emission quantum efficiency and monoexponential decay profile for high-resolution fingerprint identification
Authors: Savaedi Soheyla , Soheyli Ehsan , Zheng Guangsong , Lou Qing , Sahraei Reza , Shan Chongxin 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Reaching emissive nanomaterials at short wavelengths with a high quantum efficiency (QE) is an attractive task for researchers. This is more demanding in carbon dots (CDs) with diverse applications that usually emit photons at wavelengths around 450–620 nm. In this study, deep blue-emissive doped-CDs (d-CDs) with high photoluminescence (PL) QE up to 62% and excitation-independent properties were prepared via a short-time microwave irradiation method. The prepared CDs showed simultaneous amorphous and crystalline features, with average sizes of 4.75 nm and bright emission color located at 422 nm. It was found that the presence of sulfur-related dopant levels plays a key role in emission properties in such a way that the PL signal drops significantly in the absence of N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) as a dopant source. On the other hand, the trisodium citrate dihydrate (TSC) was selected as a carbon source to form the main carbon skeleton without it no emission was recorded. Monoexponential-fitted recombination trend with an average lifetime of about 10 ns also confirmed excellent PL emission properties with uniform energy levels and minimized defect-contributing recombinations. The practical use of the as-prepared N, S-doped CDs was assessed in fingerprint detection indicating a bright and clear scheme for both core and termination regions of the fingerprint. Simplicity, cost-effectiveness, high-product yield, low toxicity, along with high/stable PL quantum efficiency in deep-blue wavelengths, and demonstrated ability for fingerprint purposes, support the prospective application of these dual doped-CDs for sensing and bioimaging applications.
A phase processor used in terahertz interferometer for tokamak
Authors: Xu L.F. , Shi P.W. , Yang Z.C. , Yang B. , Zhao J. , Jian Y. , Yang J.X. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The commonly used phase processing techniques include coherence method, zero-crossing comparison method and FFT method. Due to the influence of noise, amplitude modulation and frequency modulation, these phase processing methods are easy to cause errors, thus affecting the measurement accuracy. In this paper, a phase processor based on all-phase fast Fourier transform is developed. The principle of the phase processing algorithm is analyzed, and the implementation process of the algorithm on FPGA is described. The effectiveness of the method is tested under different conditions. The experimental results show that the standard deviation of phase processing is 0.387° when the signal is sampled simultaneously under 90% AM modulation. When asynchronous sampling and 50% FM, the phase processing error is 0.371°. This phase processer has been used to the terahertz interferometer of the HL-2M device, the phase change of the output signal of the interferometer can be accurately processed when the plasma density changes dramatically, and the loss of phase processing information can be effectively avoided in the plasma diagnosis process. Based on the technical research proposed in this paper, a more accurate phase processing reference scheme is provided for plasma diagnosis of interferometer.
Investigation of BGA underfill process based on multipositional computed tomography
Authors: Hasn S. , Pichotka M. , Dusek K. , Vavrik D. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this paper, defect inspection related to an epoxy
underfilling process between integrated circuits (ICs) and printed
circuit boards (PCBs) is presented utilizing the data fusion of
multipositional computed tomography (DFMCT). The work aims to verify
the existence of underfilling epoxy which was not possible utilizing
standard computed tomography due to strong metal artifacts created
by ball grid array (BGA) packages. By interpreting the results
obtained from the scanned samples, we were able to correlate the
excess epoxy defects and the success of the underfilling process. We
present the data fusion approach as an alternative method when
traditional metal artifact reduction methods would be
insufficient. The study was commenced by making a proper
radiographic simulation using aRTist simulation software. The
simulation enabled us to choose the right mounting positions which
produce less metal artifacts for the experimental study. The DFMCT
was achieved by acquiring multiple computed tomographic scans at
different sample orientations. The reconstructed volumes were then
aligned, and the fused volume was obtained by combining the
corrected data and suppressing the disrupted data of the
reconstructed volumes.
Green Sahara tipping points in transient climate model simulations of the Holocene
Authors: Hopcroft Peter O , Valdes Paul J 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The ‘Greening’ and subsequent desertification of the Sahara during the early to mid-Holocene is a dramatic example of natural climate change. We analyse a suite of simulations with a newly palaeo-conditioned configuration of the HadCM3 coupled model that is able to capture an abrupt desertification of North Africa during this time. We find that this model crosses a threshold of moisture availability for vegetation at around 6000 years before present. The resultant rapid reduction in vegetation cover acts to reduce precipitation through moisture recycling and surface albedo feedbacks. Precursor drying events which are not directly forced also indicate that the model is close to a critical moisture level. Similar precursor-like events appear in a Holocene record from the East of the continent, hinting that the natural system may resemble some of the properties of this model simulation. The overall response is not fundamentally altered by the inclusion of solar irradiance variations or volcanic eruptions. The simulated timing of the abrupt transition is mostly controlled by orbital forcing and local positive feedbacks, but it is also modulated to some extent by the state of the atmosphere and ocean. Comparisons with proxy records across North Africa show good agreement with the model simulations, although the simulations remain overly dry in the East. Overall, a threshold response may present a useful model of the real transition, but more high-resolution palaeoclimate records would help to discriminate among the predictions of climate models.
Quantum statistical mechanics of vortices
Authors: Manton N S 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The asymptotic partition function for quantized abelian Higgs vortices at high temperature T is found to leading and subleading order, and from this the equation of state of the vortex gas is derived, including the first quantum correction. It is assumed that the Hamiltonian is proportional to the Laplace–Beltrami operator on the moduli space of static N-vortex solutions. The partition function is calculated using the total volume and total scalar curvature of the moduli space.
Study of solid municipal waste accumulation rates in penitentiary facilities in Perm Krai during the pandemic of 2020
Authors: Sereda T G , Kostarev S N , Novikova (Kochetova) O V , Ivanova I E 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Preventing the release of hazardous substances from waste into the environment is the most important environmental safety objective of municipal waste management. Uncontrolled dumping in landfills has a negative impact on the environment, being a source of harmful chemical and biological substances in the ground and surface waters, atmospheric air and soil, creating a certain threat to the health and life of the population. At present, the environmental problem associated with the collection and disposal of solid municipal waste (MSW) and is relevant not only for civil organisations, but also for institutions of the penitentiary system. The volume of MSW flows needs to be constantly updated, and therefore an average annual waste generation rate needs to be determined. The research described in the article was carried out during four seasons of 2020 at the facilities of the penal and correctional system of Perm Krai, on the example of remand prisons. The methodology for performing calculations based on the current regulatory documents is presented: methodological recommendations on issues related to the determination of MSW accumulation standards, approved by Order No. 524 of the Ministry of Construction and Housing and Communal Services of the Russian Federation dated July 28, 2016 and the Russian Government Decree No. 269 dated April 4, 2016 "On determining the accumulation standards for solid municipal waste". As a result of the work, the average daily and average annual volumes and masses of waste generated per person were determined. Fluctuations in waste generation during the four seasons were insignificant.