bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Card9 protects sepsis by regulating Ripk2-mediated activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophages
Authors: Xu Zhen , Li Daoqian , Qu Wei , Yin Yuxin , Qiao Shuping , Zhu Yanan , Shen Sunan , Hou Yayi , Yang Jie , Wang Tingting 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSepsis is characterized by systemic inflammation, it’s caused by primary infection of pathogenic microorganisms or secondary infection of damaged tissue. In this study, we focus on sepsis-induced intestine barrier functional disturbalice, presenting as increased permeability of intestinal epithelium. We observed that the phenotype of LPS-induced sepsis was exacerbated in Card9−/− mice, especially displaying more serious intestinal inflammation and gut barrier dysfunction. Next, we found the hyperactivation of NLRP3 inflammasome in the intestinal macrophages of Card9−/−-sepsis mice. Moreover, Card9 over-expression decreased NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages. Furthermore, we found that Card9 inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation by recruiting Ripk2. The competitive binding between Ripk2 with Caspase-1, instead of ASC with Caspase-1, inhibited the NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Over-expression of Ripk2 alleviated septic intestinal injury caused by Card9 deficiency. Taken together, we suggested Card9 acts as a negative regulation factor of NLRP3 inflammasome activation, which protects against intestinal damage during sepsis. Therefore, maintaining Card9-Ripk2 signaling homeostasis may provide a novel therapy of septic intestinal damage.
GPR110 promotes progression and metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Nam Hye-Jung , Kim Yeon-Ju , Kang Jae-Hyeok , Lee Su-Jae 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBreast cancer is the most common type of cancer in women, and approximately 70% of all breast cancer patients use endocrine therapy, such as estrogen receptor modulators and aromatase inhibitors. In particular, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains a major threat due to the lack of targeted treatment options and poor clinical outcomes. Here, we found that GPR110 was highly expressed in TNBC and GPR110 plays a key role in TNBC progression by engaging the RAS signaling pathway (via Gαs activation). High expression of GPR110 promoted EMT and CSC phenotypes in breast cancer. Consequently, our study highlights the critical role of GPR110 as a therapeutic target and inhibition of GPR110 could provide a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of TNBC patients.
Two-colour light activated covalent bond formation
Authors: Walden Sarah L. , Rodrigues Leona L. , Alves Jessica , Blinco James P. , Truong Vinh X. , Barner-Kowollik Christopher 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe introduce a photochemical bond forming system, where two colours of light are required to trigger covalent bond formation. Specifically, we exploit a visible light cis/trans isomerization of chlorinated azobenzene, which can only undergo reaction with a photochemically generated ketene in its cis state. Detailed photophysical mapping of the reaction efficiencies at a wide range of monochromatic wavelengths revealed the optimum irradiation conditions. Subsequent small molecule and polymer ligation experiments illustrated that only the application of both colours of light affords the reaction product. We further extend the functionality to a photo reversible ketene moiety and translate the concept into material science. The presented reaction system holds promise to be employed as a two-colour resist.
Homogeneous solution assembled Turing structures with near zero strain semi-coherence interface
Authors: Zhang Yuanming , Zhang Ningsi , Liu Yong , Chen Yong , Huang Huiting , Wang Wenjing , Xu Xiaoming , Li Yang , Fan Fengtao , Ye Jinhua , Li Zhaosheng , Zou Zhigang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTuring structures typically emerge in reaction-diffusion processes far from thermodynamic equilibrium, involving at least two chemicals with different diffusion coefficients (inhibitors and activators) in the classic Turing systems. Constructing a Turing structure in homogeneous solutions is a large challenge because of the similar diffusion coefficients of most small molecule weight species. In this work, we show that Turing structure with near zero strain semi-coherence interfaces is constructed in homogeneous solutions subject to the diffusion kinetics. Experimental results combined with molecular dynamics and numerical simulations confirm the Turing structure in the spinel ferrite films. Furthermore, using the hard-soft acid-base theory, the design of coordination binding can improve the diffusion motion of molecules in homogeneous solutions, increasing the library of Turing structure designs, which provides a greater potential to develop advanced materials.
Depletion of skeletal muscle satellite cells attenuates pathology in muscular dystrophy
Authors: Boyer Justin G. , Huo Jiuzhou , Han Sarah , Havens Julian R. , Prasad Vikram , Lin Brian L. , Kass David A. , Song Taejeong , Sadayappan Sakthivel , Khairallah Ramzi J. , Ward Christopher W. , Molkentin Jeffery D. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSkeletal muscle can repair and regenerate due to resident stem cells known as satellite cells. The muscular dystrophies are progressive muscle wasting diseases underscored by chronic muscle damage that is continually repaired by satellite cell-driven regeneration. Here we generate a genetic strategy to mediate satellite cell ablation in dystrophic mouse models to investigate how satellite cells impact disease trajectory. Unexpectedly, we observe that depletion of satellite cells reduces dystrophic disease features, with improved histopathology, enhanced sarcolemmal stability and augmented muscle performance. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that satellite cells initiate expression of the myogenic transcription factor MyoD, which then induces re-expression of fetal genes in the myofibers that destabilize the sarcolemma. Indeed, MyoD re-expression in wildtype adult skeletal muscle reduces membrane stability and promotes histopathology, while MyoD inhibition in a mouse model of muscular dystrophy improved membrane stability. Taken together these observations suggest that satellite cell activation and the fetal gene program is maladaptive in chronic dystrophic skeletal muscle.
Single-cell chromatin profiling of the primitive gut tube reveals regulatory dynamics underlying lineage fate decisions
Authors: Smith Ryan J. , Zhang Hongpan , Hu Shengen Shawn , Yung Theodora , Francis Roshane , Lee Lilian , Onaitis Mark W. , Dirks Peter B. , Zang Chongzhi , Kim Tae-Hee 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDevelopment of the gastrointestinal system occurs after gut tube closure, guided by spatial and temporal control of gene expression. However, it remains unclear what forces regulate these spatiotemporal gene expression patterns. Here we perform single-cell chromatin profiling of the primitive gut tube to reveal organ-specific chromatin patterns that reflect the anatomical patterns of distinct organs. We generate a comprehensive map of epigenomic changes throughout gut development, demonstrating that dynamic chromatin accessibility patterns associate with lineage-specific transcription factor binding events to regulate organ-specific gene expression. Additionally, we show that loss of Sox2 and Cdx2, foregut and hindgut lineage-specific transcription factors, respectively, leads to fate shifts in epigenomic patterns, linking transcription factor binding, chromatin accessibility, and lineage fate decisions in gut development. Notably, abnormal expression of Sox2 in the pancreas and intestine impairs lineage fate decisions in both development and adult homeostasis. Together, our findings define the chromatin and transcriptional mechanisms of organ identity and lineage plasticity in development and adult homeostasis.
Observation of novel topological states in hyperbolic lattices
Authors: Zhang Weixuan , Yuan Hao , Sun Na , Sun Houjun , Zhang Xiangdong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe discovery of novel topological states has served as a major branch in physics and material sciences. To date, most of the established topological states have been employed in Euclidean systems. Recently, the experimental realization of the hyperbolic lattice, which is the regular tessellation in non-Euclidean space with a constant negative curvature, has attracted much attention. Here, we demonstrate both in theory and experiment that exotic topological states can exist in engineered hyperbolic lattices with unique properties compared to their Euclidean counterparts. Based on the extended Haldane model, the boundary-dominated first-order Chern edge state with a nontrivial real-space Chern number is achieved. Furthermore, we show that the fractal-like midgap higher-order zero modes appear in deformed hyperbolic lattices, and the number of zero modes increases exponentially with the lattice size. These novel topological states are observed in designed hyperbolic circuit networks by measuring site-resolved impedance responses and dynamics of voltage packets. Our findings suggest a useful platform to study topological phases beyond Euclidean space, and may have potential applications in the field of high-efficient topological devices, such as topological lasers, with enhanced edge responses.
Locomotion-induced ocular motor behavior in larval Xenopus is developmentally tuned by visuo-vestibular reflexes
Authors: Bacqué-Cazenave Julien , Courtand Gilles , Beraneck Mathieu , Straka Hans , Combes Denis , Lambert François M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLocomotion in vertebrates is accompanied by retinal image-stabilizing eye movements that derive from sensory-motor transformations and predictive locomotor efference copies. During development, concurrent maturation of locomotor and ocular motor proficiency depends on the structural and neuronal capacity of the motion detection systems, the propulsive elements and the computational capability for signal integration. In developing Xenopus larvae, we demonstrate an interactive plasticity of predictive locomotor efference copies and multi-sensory motion signals to constantly elicit dynamically adequate eye movements during swimming. During ontogeny, the neuronal integration of vestibulo- and spino-ocular reflex components progressively alters as locomotion parameters change. In young larvae, spino-ocular motor coupling attenuates concurrent angular vestibulo-ocular reflexes, while older larvae express eye movements that derive from a combination of the two components. This integrative switch depends on the locomotor pattern generator frequency, represents a stage-independent gating mechanism, and appears during ontogeny when the swim frequency naturally declines with larval age.
Combining rapid antigen testing and syndromic surveillance improves community-based COVID-19 detection in a low-income country
Authors: Chadwick Fergus J. , Clark Jessica , Chowdhury Shayan , Chowdhury Tasnuva , Pascall David J. , Haddou Yacob , Andrecka Joanna , Kundegorski Mikolaj , Wilkie Craig , Brum Eric , Shirin Tahmina , Alamgir A. S. M. , Rahman Mahbubur , Alam Ahmed Nawsher , Khan Farzana , Swallow Ben , Mair Frances S. , Illian Janine , Trotter Caroline L. , Hill Davina L. , Husmeier Dirk , Matthiopoulos Jason , Hampson Katie , Sania Ayesha 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDiagnostics for COVID-19 detection are limited in many settings. Syndromic surveillance is often the only means to identify cases but lacks specificity. Rapid antigen testing is inexpensive and easy-to-deploy but can lack sensitivity. We examine how combining these approaches can improve surveillance for guiding interventions in low-income communities in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Rapid-antigen-testing with PCR validation was performed on 1172 symptomatically-identified individuals in their homes. Statistical models were fitted to predict PCR-status using rapid-antigen-test results, syndromic data, and their combination. Under contrasting epidemiological scenarios, the models’ predictive and classification performance was evaluated. Models combining rapid-antigen-testing and syndromic data yielded equal-to-better performance to rapid-antigen-test-only models across all scenarios with their best performance in the epidemic growth scenario. These results show that drawing on complementary strengths across rapid diagnostics, improves COVID-19 detection, and reduces false-positive and -negative diagnoses to match local requirements; improvements achievable without additional expense, or changes for patients or practitioners.
Enantioselective alkylative cross-coupling of unactivated aromatic C–O electrophiles
Authors: Zhang Zishuo , Zhang Jintong , Gao Quan , Zhou Yu , Yang Mingyu , Cao Haiqun , Sun Tingting , Luo Gen , Cao Zhi-Chao 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNonpolar alkyl moieties, especially methyl group, are frequently used to modify bioactive molecules during lead optimization in medicinal chemistry. Thus transition-metal catalyzed alkylative cross-coupling reactions by using readily available and environmentally benign C–O electrophiles have been established as powerful tools to install alkyl groups, however, the C(sp3)–C(sp2) cross-coupling via asymmetric activation of aromatic C–O bond for the synthesis of alkylated chiral compounds remains elusive. Here, we unlock a C(sp3)–C(sp2) cross-coupling via enantioselective activation of aromatic C–O bond for the efficient synthesis of versatile axially chiral 2-alkyl-2’-hydroxyl-biaryl compounds. By employing a unique chiral N-heterocyclic carbene ligand, this transformation is accomplished via nickel catalysis with good enantiocontrol. Mechanistic studies indicate that bis-ligated nickel complexes might be formed as catalytically active species in the enantioselective alkylative cross-coupling. Moreover, further derivation experiments suggest this developed methodology holds great promise for complex molecule synthesis and asymmetric catalysis.
Economic significance of biofilms: a multidisciplinary and cross-sectoral challenge
Authors: Cámara Miguel , Green William , MacPhee Cait E. , Rakowska Paulina D. , Raval Rasmita , Richardson Mark C. , Slater-Jefferies Joanne , Steventon Katerina , Webb Jeremy S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe increasing awareness of the significance of microbial biofilms across different sectors is continuously revealing new areas of opportunity in the development of innovative technologies in translational research, which can address their detrimental effects, as well as exploit their benefits. Due to the extent of sectors affected by microbial biofilms, capturing their real financial impact has been difficult. This perspective highlights this impact globally, based on figures identified in a recent in-depth market analysis commissioned by the UK’s National Biofilms Innovation Centre (NBIC). The outputs from this analysis and the workshops organised by NBIC on its research strategic themes have revealed the breath of opportunities for translational research in microbial biofilms. However, there are still many outstanding scientific and technological challenges which must be addressed in order to catalyse these opportunities. This perspective discusses some of these challenges.
Crystallographic effects on transgranular chloride-induced stress corrosion crack propagation of arc welded austenitic stainless steel
Authors: Qu Haozheng J. , Tao Fei , Gu Nianju , Montoya Timothy , Taylor Jason M. , Schaller Rebecca F. , Schindelholz Eric , Wharry Janelle P. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe effect of crystallography on transgranular chloride-induced stress corrosion cracking (TGCISCC) of arc welded 304L austenitic stainless steel is studied on >300 grains along crack paths. Schmid and Taylor factor mismatches across grain boundaries (GBs) reveal that cracks propagate either from a hard to soft grain, which can be explained merely by mechanical arguments, or soft to hard grain. In the latter case, finite element analysis reveals that TGCISCC will arrest at GBs without sufficient mechanical stress, favorable crystallographic orientations, or crack tip corrosion. GB type does not play a significant role in determining TGCISCC cracking behavior nor susceptibility. TGCISCC crack behaviors at GBs are discussed in the context of the competition between mechanical, crystallographic, and corrosion factors.
The role of extracellular polymeric substances of fungal biofilms in mineral attachment and weathering
Authors: Breitenbach Romy , Gerrits Ruben , Dementyeva Polina , Knabe Nicole , Schumacher Julia , Feldmann Ines , Radnik Jörg , Ryo Masahiro , Gorbushina Anna A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe roles extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) play in mineral attachment and weathering were studied using genetically modified biofilms of the rock-inhabiting fungus Knufia petricola strain A95. Mutants deficient in melanin and/or carotenoid synthesis were grown as air-exposed biofilms. Extracted EPS were quantified and characterised using a combination of analytical techniques. The absence of melanin affected the quantity and composition of the produced EPS: mutants no longer able to form melanin synthesised more EPS containing fewer pullulan-related glycosidic linkages. Moreover, the melanin-producing strains attached more strongly to the mineral olivine and dissolved it at a higher rate. We hypothesise that the pullulan-related linkages, with their known adhesion functionality, enable fungal attachment and weathering. The released phenolic intermediates of melanin synthesis in the Δsdh1 mutant might play a role similar to Fe-chelating siderophores, driving olivine dissolution even further. These data demonstrate the need for careful compositional and quantitative analyses of biofilm-created microenvironments.
Improvements and persistent biases in the southeast tropical Atlantic in CMIP models
Authors: Farneti Riccardo , Stiz Alessandro , Ssebandeke John B. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractState-of-the-art climate models simulate warmer than observed sea surface temperatures (SST) in eastern boundary upwelling systems (EBUS), generating biases with profound implications for the simulation of present-day climate and its future projections. Amongst all EBUS, the bias is largest in the southeastern tropical Atlantic (SETA). Here, we provide a comprehensive evaluation of the performance in the SETA of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6), including fine resolution (HighResMIP) and ocean-forced (OMIP) models. We show that biases in the SETA remain large in CMIP6 models but are reduced in HighResMIP, with OMIP models giving the best performance. The analysis suggests that, once local forcing errors have been reduced, the major source of the SETA biases lies in the equatorial Atlantic. This study shows that finer model resolution has helped reduce the local origin of the SETA SST bias but further developments of model physics schemes will be required to make progress.
Circularized fluorescent nanodiscs for probing protein–lipid interactions
Authors: Ren Qian , Zhang Shanwen , Bao Huan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractProtein–lipid interactions are vital for numerous transmembrane signaling pathways. However, simple tools to characterize these interactions remain scarce and are much needed to advance our understanding of signal transduction across lipid bilayers. To tackle this challenge, we herein engineer nanodisc as a robust fluorescent sensor for reporting membrane biochemical reactions. We circularize nanodiscs via split GFP and thereby create an intensity-based fluorescent sensor (isenND) for detecting membrane binding and remodeling events. We show that isenND responds robustly and specifically to the action of a diverse array of membrane-interacting proteins and peptides, ranging from synaptotagmin and synuclein involved in neurotransmission to viral fusion peptides of HIV-1 and SARS-CoV-2. Together, isenND can serve as a versatile biochemical reagent useful for basic and translational research of membrane biology.
Effect of adhesive interaction on strain stiffening and dissipation in granular gels undergoing yielding
Authors: Chattopadhyay Sebanti , Nagaraja Sharadhi , Majumdar Sayantan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractShear induced yielding in disordered solids, characterized by irreversibility and enhanced dissipation, is important for a wide range of industrial and geological processes. Although such phenomena in thermal systems have been extensively studied, they remain poorly understood for granular solids. Here, using oscillatory shear rheology we study energy dissipation in a disordered solid formed by dense granular suspensions of adhesive frictional particles. We find non-linear flow regimes showing intra-cycle strain stiffening and plasticity that strongly depend on both the applied strain amplitude and particle volume fraction, which can be captured by the normalized energy dissipation. Furthermore, in-situ optical imaging reveals irreversible particle rearrangements correlating with the spatio-temporal fluctuations in local velocity across the yielding transition. By directly measuring the critical jamming packing fraction using particle settling experiments, we propose a phase diagram that unravels the effect of inter-particle interactions on flow properties of the system for a large parameter space.
Manipulating the electronic structure and physical properties in monolayer Mo2I3Br3via strain and doping
Authors: Ren Wenning , Jin Kuijuan , Ma Cheng , Ge Chen , Guo Erjia , Wang Can , Xu Xiulai , Yang Guozhen 
Published: May 2022

The large magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE) and strain-tunable optical absorption coefficient of the monolayer Janus Mo2I3Br3 open up more opportunities for few-layer van der Waals crystals in spintronics and optoelectronic devices.
A low‐computational‐cost alternating switches algorithm for real‐valued spatial covariance matrix reconstruction
Authors: Liu Changzan , Zhou Yan , Dang Bo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe application of the emerging hybrid analog–digital architecture for future millimeter‐wave communications has attracted significant attention. Although this architecture can reduce the hardware cost and power consumption considerably, the high‐resolution direction of arrival (DOA) estimation in the architecture based on switches is still a challenge. As a solution, an alternating switches algorithm (ASA) is proposed in this paper. By appropriately adjusting the switch connected to each antenna, the real‐valued spatial covariance matrix (SCM) is reconstructed with low‐dimensional vector‐to‐vector multiplication. Subsequently, the DOA angle of each signal is estimated based on a split subspace extracted from the real‐valued SCM. Finally, a set of simulation experiments are performed to verify the performance of the proposed algorithm. The results indicate that the ASA can reconstruct the real‐valued SCM and realize high‐resolution DOA estimation with a substantially low computational cost.