bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical activity levels of children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities in Northern China
Authors: Yuan Ya‐Qing , Wang Mei‐Juan , Zhang Qiao‐Xian , Zhang Yang , Wang Xuan‐Li , Hou Xiao , Zhang Shao‐Hua , Liu Yang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundLimited research has looked at the physical activity (PA) among Chinese children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities.MethodsThe Children's Leisure Activities Study Survey‐Chinese version was applied in evaluating PA levels among children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities.ResultsThe data indicated that only 29.5% of children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities met the PA recommendation. Boys engaged in significantly more MVPA and had higher energy expenditure than girls during weekdays and the whole week. The general trend in PA levels demonstrated a downtrend with the growth of age of children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities. The students aged 6–12 years old performed more MVPA and had greater energy expenditure compared with those 13–15 and 16–18 years old.ConclusionThe level of PA among Chinese children and youths with intellectual disabilities is remarkably low, and there is a large gap compared with the PA recommendation.
Psychometric qualities of measurement tools used to determine workplace horizontal violence: A rapid review
Authors: Kiprillis Noelleen , Gray Richard , McKenna Lisa 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRationale Aims and ObjectivesHorizontal violence has been defined as aggressive or hostile behaviour directed at an individual or between colleagues from the same working group. Measuring the prevalence of horizontal violence requires valid measures. To date, there has not been a review of the psychometric properties of available measurement tools for horizontal violence.MethodA rapid review of the MEDLINE and BUSINESS EBSCO databases was conducted to identify studies testing the validity of any measure of horizontal violence in any workplace setting. Title and abstract and full‐text screening, data extraction and quality appraisal were completed by two researchers working independently. The COnsensus‐based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) was used to determine the methodological quality of studies, including details of the psychometric properties of included papers.ResultsFourteen papers reporting 17 studies were included in the review. Seven measures of horizontal violence (Civility Norms Questionnaire Brief; Negative Acts Questionnaire—Revised; Inventory of Violence and Psychological Harassment; Leyman Inventory Psychological Terror Mobbing of Single Cases of Harassment in Employees Relations; Shortened Negative Acts Questionnaire—Revised; Uncivil Workplace Behaviour Questionnaire) were identified. Most included studies were methodologically robust. Six measures had strong psychometric properties except for the Mobbing of Single Cases of Harassment in Employees Relations (MSCH) where key information about psychometric properties was not reported.ConclusionsWe identified six measures of horizontal violence that had good psychometric properties. The Negative Acts Questionnaire—Revised has been most extensively tested in different settings but is not necessarily a more precise measure than others.
The impact of weight change and measures of physical functioning on mortality
Authors: Underland Lisa J. , Schnatz Peter F. , Wild Robert A. , Saquib Nazmus , Shadyab Aladdin H. , Allison Matthew , Banack Hailey , Wassertheil‐Smoller Sylvia 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionLower grip strength and measures of physical functioning are associated with all‐cause mortality. Relationships among long‐term weight loss, physical functioning, and mortality in older women are understudied.MethodsParticipants were 5039 women who were part of the Long Life Study (LLS) ancillary study to the Woman's Health Initiative (WHI). Average age was 78.76 ± 6.92. We defined long‐term weight loss or gain as a decrease or increase of 5% or more of baseline body weight. Our primary outcome was all‐cause mortality and our secondary outcomes were vascular death, and coronary heart disease (CHD). The mean follow‐up time was 5.4 years. Cox regression modeling was performed for each outcome of interest. Variables of interest were weight change, grip strength, and functional status as measured by the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) controlling for multiple potential confounders.ResultsWeight loss of 5% or more percent body weight was associated with a hazard ratio of 1.66 (1.37–2.01) for all‐cause mortality. Weight gain was not related to mortality or cardiovascular outcomes. Those in the highest grip strength quartile had a hazard ratio of 0.51 (0.39–0.66) for all‐cause mortality. For the SPPB the hazard ratio was 0.29 (0.21–0.40), adjusting for changes in weight, race, smoking, history CHD, smoking, and diabetes. Higher grip strength and SPPB were associated with lower risks for vascular death, and CHD, independently of weight change.ConclusionsWeight loss was associated with increased mortality. Stronger grip strength and higher SPPB scores were associated with lower mortality risk independent of weight change.
Physicians' perspectives of prognosis and goals of care discussions after hip fracture
Authors: Murthy Sushila , Clapp Justin T. , Burson Randall C. , Fleisher Lee A. , Neuman Mark D. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundHip fracture often represents a major transition in patients' health, with a 1‐year mortality rate between 25% and 30% and a challenging recovery course. Caring for hip fracture patients presents opportunities for goals of care discussions that include prognostic information and guidance about functional dependence.MethodsWe conducted qualitative, semi‐structured interviews with 23 attending physicians involved with the care of hip fracture patients, including orthopedic surgeons, anesthesiologists, internists, and geriatricians, across 13 health systems in the United States and Canada. Questions addressed knowledge and interpretation of prognosis, discussing prognosis and goals of care, and timing and prioritization of surgery. Interviews were analyzed using a constructivist grounded theory approach to identify themes and develop a coding taxonomy.ResultsPhysicians agreed that hip fracture had a considerable 1‐year mortality, felt that it was important to discuss prognostic outcomes and the recovery process, wanted to elucidate patients' priorities, and often promoted timely surgery. Physicians perceived challenges when discussing mortality data with new patients in an acute setting. They more easily discussed outcomes related to functional dependence and quality of life. Some physicians used iterative communication as a strategy to have in‐depth conversations in a busy perioperative setting.ConclusionProviding timely, compassionate care for hip fracture patients is challenging. There are opportunities to study iterative communication to encourage dialogue at key points of patient care to better discuss prognosis and recovery and bolster coordinated multidisciplinary care that focuses on patients' goals and values.
Regulation of cytokinin biosynthesis using PtRD26pro‐IPT module improves drought tolerance through PtARR10‐PtYUC4/5‐mediated reactive oxygen species removal inPopulus
Authors: Wang Hou‐Ling , Yang Qi , Tan Shuya , Wang Ting , Zhang Yi , Yang Yanli , Yin Weilun , Xia Xinli , Guo Hongwei , Li Zhonghai 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDrought is a critical environmental factor which constrains plant survival and growth. Genetic engineering provides a credible strategy to improve drought tolerance of plants. Here, we generated transgenic poplar lines expressing the isopentenyl transferase gene (IPT) under the driver ofPtRD26promoter (PtRD26pro‐IPT). PtRD26 is a senescence and drought‐inducible NAC transcription factor.PtRD26pro‐IPTplants displayed multiple phenotypes, including improved growth and drought tolerance. Transcriptome analysis revealed that auxin biosynthesis pathway was activated in thePtRD26pro‐IPTplants, leading to an increase in auxin contents. Biochemical analysis revealed thatARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATOR10(PtARR10), one of the type‐B ARR transcription factors in the cytokinin pathway, was induced inPtRD26pro‐IPTplants and directly regulated the transcripts ofYUCCA4(PtYUC4) andYUCCA5(PtYUC5), two enzymes in the auxin biosynthesis pathway. Overexpression ofPtYUC4enhanced drought tolerance, while simultaneous silencing ofPtYUC4/5evidently attenuated the drought tolerance ofPtRD26pro‐IPTplants. Intriguingly, PtYUC4/5 displayed a conserved thioredoxin reductase activity that is required for drought tolerance by deterring reactive oxygen species accumulation. Our work reveals the molecular basis of cytokinin and auxin interactions in response to environmental stresses, and shed light on the improvement of drought tolerance without a growth penalty in trees by molecular breeding.
Surveillance agriculture and peasant autonomy
Authors: Stone Glenn Davis 
Published: January 2022

Abstract‘Big Data’ digital technologies are beginning to make inroads into peasant agriculture in the Global South. Of particular importance is the subset of technologies that appropriate agricultural decision‐making, here theorized as surveillance agriculture. These technological regimes aspire to not only remove decision‐making from the farmer, but eventually to replace the farmer with, for instance, ‘autonomous’ tractors. This paper looks ahead to ask what a technological trajectory that aspires to autonomy for the tractor may portend for autonomy for the peasant farmer. It compares surveillance agriculture to other forms of surveillance capitalism, noting that it shares a will to not only sell products and services but to manipulate behaviour but differs in that the behaviour being manipulated is professional productive behaviour. The paper surveys the vested interests of the entities behind surveillance agriculture and asks how informational relations of production may be changed between farmers and these entities. It then examines the informational relations of production among peasant farmers that may be interdicted by surveillance agriculture, especially the group‐level decision‐making dynamics that make ‘individual autonomy’ a misnomer. But surveillance agriculture is resolutely individualized, which raises concerns for peasant decision‐making autonomy.
Epidemiology and surveillance of autoimmune hepatitis in Asia
Authors: Katsumi Tomohiro , Ueno Yoshiyuki 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAutoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic inflammatory liver disease that mainly injures the hepatocytes. The autoimmune disease might be involved in its aetiology, but this remains to be confirmed. Recently epidemiological studies of AIH in Asia have been broadly conducted, revealing characteristics and management of AIH patients in Asia. In East Asia, most AIH patients are type 1, and type 2 AIH is very rare. However, type 2 AIH in South Asia is as frequent as in Europe and the USA. HLA‐DR4 is associated with the characteristics of type 1 AIH in East Asia, whereas HLA‐DR3 occurs in AIH patients from South Asia. AIH prevalence worldwide is increasing, and several studies have reported a prevalence of 19.44, 22.80 and 12.99 per 100 000 people in Europe, the USA and Asia respectively. A meta‐analysis of studies on AIH showed similar annual incidence rates for all regions, with 1.31, 1.37 and 1.00 per 100 000 people in Asia, Europe and the USA respectively. The increase in the rates could be attributable to the increased awareness of disease concepts and diagnosis. In South Asia, most cases were diagnosed as AIH only after having progressed to cirrhosis, which may cause a higher mortality rate in South Asia than in East Asia. Therefore, the early diagnosis and treatment of AIH patients can improve the current situation in Asia.
The higher adherence to healthy lifestyle factors is associated with a decreased risk of metabolic syndrome in Iranian adults
Authors: Mirmiran Parvin , Farhadnejad Hossein , Teymoori Farshad , Parastouei Karim , Azizi Fereidoun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAlthough an independent role for several important lifestyle factors in the aetiology of metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been established, less is known about their combined effects. We aimed to investigate the association of the combined role of recognised lifestyle factors, expressed as a healthy lifestyle score (HLS), and the risk of MetS in Tehranian adults. A total of 3480 participants without MetS were recruited from among participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (2009–2011) and followed a mean of 6 years. Dietary data were collected using a validated food frequency questionnaire at baseline. We determined HLS in three ways among the participants based on four factors including, no current smoking, no obesity, vigorous physical activity and a healthy dietary pattern (assessed by either the alternate healthy eating index‐2010 [AHEI‐2010], the modified French Programme National Nutrition Santé‐Guideline Score [mPNNS‐GS] or the healthy diet pattern score [HDP]). All three indices consisted of the four factors including smoking (yes/no), physical activity (active/inactive), obesity (yes/no) and diet quality. Mean ± SD age of participants (43.5% men) was 38.7 ± 13.0 years. During the study follow‐up, 558 (16.0%) new cases of MetS were identified. In the age‐ and sex‐adjusted model, there was a negative relationship between the higher score of HLS‐AHEI‐2010 (OR = 0.42; 95% CI: 0.29–0.60), HLS‐mPNNS‐GS (OR = 0.45; 95% CI: 0.33–0.62) and HLS‐HDP (OR = 0.70; 95% CI: 0.52–0.93) with the risk of MetS (p for trend <0.05). In the multivariable model, after adjustment for confounding variables, the risk of MetS decreased across tertiles of HLS‐AHEI‐2010 (OR = 0.48; 95% CI: 0.33–0.70, p for trend <0.001), HLS‐mPNNS‐GS (OR = 0.50; 95% CI: 0.36–0.69, p for trend <0.001) and HLS‐HDP (OR = 0.67; 95% CI: 0.49–0.90, p for trend: 0.008). The findings of the current study highlight that greater adherence to modifiable healthy lifestyle factors scores is associated with a decreased risk of MetS.
Prevalence of depression and depressive symptoms among intensive care nurses: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Huang Huan , Xia You , Zeng Xiaoyan , Lü Ailian 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundNurses in intensive care units (ICUs) experience more stressful workplace conditions, making them more vulnerable to high levels of depression compared with those working in other healthcare settings.ObjectivesThis meta‐analysis aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of depression in ICU nurses.MethodsA systematic search was conducted in Medline, EMBASE, CINHO, and Web of Science databases. Studies that reported depression among ICU nurses measured by a validated tool were synthesized using a random‐effects model. Differences in prevalence of depression by study‐level characteristics were estimated using sub‐group analysis. Heterogeneity was investigated using standard Chi‐squared tests and the I2 statistic.ResultsData were extracted from 19 cross‐sectional studies (2003‐2020) from 11 countries involving 7196 ICU nurses. The overall pooled prevalence of depression or depressive symptoms among ICU nurses was 24.99% (95% CI, 17.9%‐32.7%) with high between‐study heterogeneity (χ2 = 812, τ2 = 0.03, I2 = 98%, P < .01).ConclusionDepression appears to be common among ICU nurses. Considering its negative impact on the quality of life of staff, patient care, and the overall critical care work environment, effective interventions should be designed and implemented to improve psychological health in this population.Relevance to clinical practiceFindings of this review indicate that regular screening for depressive symptoms might be helpful, and access to professional help and supportive care should be provided if necessary.
Assessing and optimizing readability of dermatology patient education materials (PEMs)
Authors: Vallabhaneni Ahdarsh , Eskander Peter N. , Martin Kari , Eisenstein Kimberly , Dyer Jonathan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPatient education materials (PEMs) are a powerful tool to improve patient understanding; however, inadequate health literacy is a well‐established barrier for PEMs to serve their purpose. The average American reads at an 8th grade level and the National Institute of Health (NIH) recommendation for PEMs is at the 6th grade level. The purpose of this study was to assess and optimize PEMs to identify changes that are most effective at lowering the reading level without diluting its educational content. Edits that decrease the number of syllables per word were most effective at improving readability without diminishing educational content when compared to edits involving the total number of words.
Creating patient‐directed education in pediatric dermatology: A guide for creators
Authors: Park Helen H. , Haft Michael A. , Burdick Elizabeth A. , Boiko Susan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCurrent medical literature and practice utilize limited resources to enhance pediatric patients’ coping with and understanding of disease. Here, we provide a template for accessing current resources and developing practice‐specific written materials focused on the child's experience.
Will repeated Intense Pulsed Light (IPL) treatment sessions affect facial skin sensitivity? Results of a twelve‐Month, prospective, randomized split‐face study
Authors: Wang Xue , Zhang Zhen , Shang Ying , Chen Xiangdong , Xu Hui , Yuan Chao 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundDespite the widespread use of intense pulsed light (IPL) technology in cosmetic dermatology, the effects of its repeated use on facial skin sensitivity in healthy individuals remains unknown.MethodsSeventeen healthy female volunteers were included in the study. We measured objective biophysical parameters of the skin, including transepidermal water loss (TEWL), skin glossiness, thickness and density of the epidermis and dermis, sensory nerve current perception threshold (CPT), and regional blood flow before and after treatment at different time points.ResultsSixteen volunteers completed a follow‐up of 12 months. The treated side of the face showed a decreased TEWL on D1 and D3, which reverted to normal on D7. Epidermal thickness increased and skin glossiness decreased on the treated side on D1, but returned to normal on D3. We found no statistically significant differences in CPT values or in regional blood flow volume and velocity, with the exception of D1, which exhibited a higher regional blood flow volume on the treated side.ConclusionRepeated IPL treatments had no effects on facial skin barrier function, skin nerve sensitivity, or local microcirculation among healthy individuals. IPL is a safe skin care procedure that does not affect skin sensitivity.
The effect of export composition on energy demand: A fresh evidence in the context of economic complexity
Authors: Can Muhlis , Brusselaers Jan , Mercan Mehmet 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEnergy is pivotal for sustainable economic growth. Undoubtedly, the role of the composition of the export basket (measured as economic complexity) is one of the crucial variables influencing energy consumption. Despite its importance, the existing body of literature does not intensively study the relationship between economic complexity and total energy consumption. Therefore, this study's primary aim was to examine the effect of economic complexity on energy consumption in a case study of 21 developed and 44 developing countries for the period 1971–2014. In this context, economic complexity expresses the level of sophistication of a country's export basket. This paper considers energy prices and income as explanatory variables in Durbin‐H panel cointegration analysis and applies a cointegration test with structural breaks to check for the long‐run relationships. For the long‐run estimations, we employ the augmented mean group method and dynamic seemingly unrelated regression. The findings reveal that economic complexity increases energy consumption in developing countries while it decreases energy consumption in developed countries. This is an important insight for countries concerned about their energy dependence. The diversification of their production and export baskets can reduce energy needs. The paper finally presents policy recommendations based on the empirical estimates.
Coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination is protective of clinical disease in solid organ transplant recipients
Authors: Aslam Saima , Liu Jinyuan , Sigler Rachel , Syed Rehan R. , Tu Xin M. , Little Susan J. , De Gruttola Victor 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundClinical effectiveness of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) vaccination in solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) is not well documented despite multiple studies demonstrating sub‐optimal immunogenicity.MethodsWe reviewed medical records of eligible SOTRs at a single center to assess vaccination status and identify cases of symptomatic COVID‐19 from January 1 to August 12, 2021. We developed a Cox proportional hazards model using the date of vaccination and time since transplantation as a time‐varying covariate with age and gender as potential time‐invariant confounders. Survival curves were created using the parameters estimated from the Cox model. Results: Among 1904 SOTRs, 1362 were fully vaccinated (96% received mRNA vaccines) and 542 were either unvaccinated (n = 470) or partially vaccinated (n = 72). There were 115 cases of COVID‐19, of which 12 occurred in fully vaccinated individuals. Cox regression with the date of vaccination and time since transplantation as the time‐varying co‐variates showed that after baseline adjustment for age and sex, being fully vaccinated had a significantly lower hazard for COVID‐19, hazard ratio (HR) = 0.29 and 95% confidence interval ([CI] 0.09, 0.91).ConclusionWe found that 2‐dose mRNA COVID‐19 vaccination was protective of symptomatic COVID‐19 in vaccinated versus unvaccinated SOTRs.TweetCOVID‐19 vaccination was associated with a significantly lower hazard for symptomatic COVID‐19 (HR 0.29; 95% CI 0.09, 0.91) among 1904 SOT recipients at a single center from January 1 to August 12, 2021.
Postbuckling Analysis of Ultra-Low Rigidity Serpentine Structures
Authors: Zhao Jianzhong 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Serpentine structures are of growing interest due to its unique mechanical and physical properties for applications in stretchable electronics, mechanical sensing, and biomedical devices. Mechanics-guided, deterministic three-dimensional (3D) assembly provides routes to form remarkable 3D structures, which in turn significantly improve its potential for applications. Therefore, an accurate postbuckling analysis is essential to the complex 3D serpentine structures with arbitrary geometry/material parameters. Here, simple, analytical expressions are obtained for the displacement and effective rigidity of serpentine structures during postbuckling. By tuning geometry parameters, the amplitude of assembled 3D serpentine structures can span a very broad range from zero to that of a straight ribbon. The analytical model can be used in design, fabrication, and application of versatile 3D serpentine structures to ensure their compatibility with the ultra-low rigidity biological tissues. A hierarchical 3D serpentine structure with ultra-low rigidity is presented to demonstrate the application of the analytical model.