bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Powering up a Country into the Middle-Income Club
Authors: Amin Sakib , Mansur Ahsan H. , Kamal Syed Mafiz , Groh Sebastian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we discuss the stylized facts of Bangladesh’s energy sector, critically review the different policies of the government for powering up the nation in the last 50 years, identify existing controversies and finally indicate potential pathways to ensure future energy security. The novelty of the papers is twofold: First, prior literature did not study the in-depth policy analysis of the Bangladesh energy sector. Second, this paper contributes to the existing literature by providing strategic policy suggestions to the Bangladesh government for formulating its own set of energy policies to achieve its vision for 2041 of becoming a high-income country, after having cleared the interim goal of becoming a middle-income country at its 50th anniversary of independence. The paper also provides insights for other developing countries aspiring to become middle-income countries.
Low-Carbon Energy Transformation in China, India, Pakistan, and Afghanistan: An Overview
Authors: Fahimi Abdullah , Stepputat Kai 
Published: November 2022

AbstractApproximately 40% of the world’s population lived in China, India, Pakistan, and Afghanistan in 2021. These countries were responsible for about 36% of the world’s CO2 emissions in 2018. Economically, in the same year they represented 20% of the global Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Considering the population, the CO2 emissions, and the share of their GDP in world economy, actions in these countries regarding fighting climate change and promoting low-carbon energy transformations have global consequences and are key to realization of 2015 Paris Agreement and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) (e.g., SDG7 and SDG13). In this article, we review the current energy situation, low-carbon energy targets and challenges to low-carbon energy transformation in each country and provide an overview of general trends and key factors in this transformation. The assessment shows that the above countries are not on the path to achieve the Paris Agreement target. CO2 emissions and the use of fossil fuels are still high in these countries. However, general trends such as decreasing costs of renewables, a decreasing dependency on fossil fuels imports, additional liquidity for energy infrastructure due to fuel costs savings, and remuneration schemes for renewables are all promising for decarbonisation efforts and low-carbon energy transformation.
Arbeits- und Organisationsstrukturen für hybride Wertschöpfung
Authors: Hartmann Veit , Sparwel Stefan 
Published: November 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Umsetzung hybrider Geschäftsmodelle im eigenen Unternehmen stellt betriebliche Akteure vor Herausforderungen. Während auf der einen Seite das Geschäftsmodell im Hinblick auf Produkte und Dienstleistungen als Angebot für die späteren Kunden realisiert werden muss, ist es andererseits notwendig, die Arbeits- und Organisationsstrukturen im Unternehmen den neuen Anforderungen anzupassen bzw. so zu gestalten, dass die Arbeits- und Organisationsstrukturen das neue Geschäftsmodell bestmöglich unterstützen. Dazu ist es wichtig, sich darüber zu verständigen, welche Anforderungen das neue Geschäftsmodell an die bestehenden Arbeits- und Organisationsstrukturen stellt, welche Veränderungen notwendig sind und wie diese Veränderungen im Betrieb eingeführt werden. Dieses Kapitel stellt einen strukturierten Prozess der Gestaltung von Arbeits- und Organisationsstrukturen für hybride Wertschöpfung anhand eines konkreten, erprobten Fallbeispiels vor.
Doubly charged Higgs boson production at hadron colliders II: a Zee-Babu case study
Authors: Ruiz Richard 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Motivated by searches for so-called leptonic scalars at the LHC and the recent measurement of the W boson’s mass at the Tevatron, we revisit the phenomenology of the Zee-Babu model for neutrino masses and the ability to differentiate it from the Type II Seesaw model at the LHC. We conclude that this task is much more difficult than previously believed. All inputs equal in the two scenarios, we find that total and differential rates for producing pairs of doubly and singly charged scalars are identical in shape and only differ in normalization. The normalization is given by the ratio of hadronic cross sections and can be unity. Differences in cross sections are small and can be hidden by unknown branching rates. This holds for Drell-Yan, γγ fusion, and gg fusion, as well as observables at LO and NLO in QCD. This likeness allows us to reinterpret Run II limits on the Type II Seesaw and estimate projections for the HL-LHC. Using updated neutrino oscillation data, we also find that some collider observables, e.g., lepton flavor-violating branching ratios, are now sufficiently precise to provide a path forward. Other means of discrimination are also discussed. As a byproduct of this work, we report the availability of new Universal FeynRules Object libraries, the SM_ZeeBabu UFO, that enable fully differential simulations up to NLO+LL(PS) with tool chains employing MadGraph5_aMC@NLO.
Gradient formula for transition semigroup corresponding to stochastic equation driven by a system of independent Lévy processes
Authors: Kulik Alexei M. , Peszat Szymon , Priola Enrico 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLet $$(P_t)$$

(

P
t

)

be the transition semigroup of the Markov family $$(X^x(t))$$

(

X
x

(
t
)

)

defined by SDE $$\begin{aligned} \mathrm{d}X= b(X)\mathrm{d}t + \mathrm{d}Z, \qquad X(0)=x, \end{aligned}$$

d
X
=
b
(
X
)
d
t
+
d
Z
,

X
(
0
)
=
x
,

where $$Z=\left( Z_1, \ldots , Z_d\right) ^*$$

Z
=

Z
1

,
…
,

Z
d

∗

is a system of independent real-valued Lévy processes. Using the Malliavin calculus we establish the following gradient formula $$\begin{aligned} \nabla P_tf(x)= {\mathbb {E}}\, f\left( X^x(t)\right) Y(t,x), \qquad f\in B_b({\mathbb {R}}^d), \end{aligned}$$

∇

P
t

f

(
x
)

=
E

f

X
x

(
t
)

Y

(
t
,
x
)

,

f
∈

B
b

(

R

d

)

,

where the random field Y does not depend on f. Moreover, in the important cylindrical $$\alpha $$
α
-stable case $$\alpha \in (0,2)$$

α
∈
(
0
,
2
)

, where $$Z_1, \ldots , Z_d$$

Z
1

,
…
,

Z
d

are $$\alpha $$
α
-stable processes, we are able to prove sharp $$L^1$$

L
1

-estimates for Y(t, x). Uniform estimates on $$\nabla P_tf(x)$$

∇

P
t

f

(
x
)

are also given.
Bleeding complications in patients on warfarin undergoing joint injection/aspiration: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tarar M. Y. , Malik R. A. , Charalambous C. P. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSteroid injections in joints are commonly administered for the management of inflammatory or degenerative conditions. There is substantial controversy as to whether to continue warfarin when undertaking joint injection or aspiration. To assess the rate of bleeding complications in patients on warfarin undergoing joint injection/aspiration. Systematic review and meta-analysis. A literature search of 3 online databases was conducted by 2 reviewers using the Cochrane methodology for systematic reviews. Eligibility criteria were any study that reported bleeding complication rates in adult patients on warfarin undergoing a joint injection/aspiration whilst taking warfarin anticoagulation. Studies reporting on less than 5 patients were excluded. Meta-analysis was conducted using a random effects model. The search of databases resulted in a total of 1547 articles. After screening, 8 articles were deemed suitable for inclusion in the analysis, involving 871 injection/aspiration procedures. There were only 5 reported cases of bleeding. On meta-analysis the estimated bleeding complication rate was 1.5% (95% CI 0.5–4.5%). This meta-analysis shows that it is safe to perform joint injection and aspiration in patients on warfarin without routine prior testing of INR. Level of evidence: Level 4.
Development of a remineralizing calcium phosphate nanoparticle-containing self-etching system for orthodontic bonding
Authors: Garma Noor M. H. , Ibrahim Ali I. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Objectives
This study aimed to incorporate hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (nHA) or amorphous calcium phosphate nanoparticles (nACP) into a self-etch primer (SEP) to develop a simplified orthodontic bonding system with remineralizing and enamel preserving properties.

Materials and Methods
nHA and nACP were incorporated into a commercial SEP (Transbond™ plus) in 7% weight ratio and compared with the plain SEP as a control. Shear bond strengths (SBS), enamel damage, and adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores were evaluated at 24 h and post 5000 thermocycling. Field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) was used to inspect the distribution of the nanoparticles in the experimental SEPs and evaluate the enamel surface integrity both before bracket bonding and post bracket debonding. Phase determination and remineralizing capability of the modified SEP were characterized by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy, respectively.

Results
The addition of nHA or nACP to the SEP significantly reduced the SBS, ARI, and enamel damage (p < 0.05) as compared to the control SEP; however, only nHA-SEP survived the thermocycling protocol and yielded acceptable SBS (13.38 MPa). Enamel remineralizing ability of the developed nHA-SEP was confirmed by both FESEM images and Raman phosphate map.

Conclusions
Incorporating nHA into SEP resulted in clinically acceptable bond strengths with remineralizing ability.

Clinical relevance
The newly developed nHA-SEP has unprecedented ability to simultaneously etch, prime, and remineralize the enamel in a single step leaving immaculate enamel surface with the potential of saving cost and time at the post-debonding step.
Surveillance of tick-borne encephalitis in emerging risk areas in southern Sweden: a retrospective case finding study
Authors: Waldeck Mattias , Winqvist Niclas , Henriksson Gunnel , Dyrdak Robert , Settergren Bo , Lindgren Per-Eric 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is an emerging infection causing CNS infection of various severity. Good knowledge of the incidence in the population and defined risk areas is important in risk communication and vaccination recommendations. The aim of this study was to investigate potential underreporting by retrospectively diagnose TBE among patients with viral CNS infections of unknown etiology in a region with emerging risk areas for TBE, and define variables associated with performed TBE serology at the time of infection. Epidemiological data and microbiological diagnostics of cases with viral CNS infection of unknown etiology treated at departments of infectious diseases and pediatrics in Skåne County during 2000–2012 were investigated. Analyses to evaluate variables associated with performed TBE serology at the time of infection were performed. Retrospective TBE serology was performed on stored blood samples when available. TBE serology was already performed at the time of CNS infection in 193 out of 761 cases. Department, type of clinical manifestation, time period of illness, and whether Borrelia serology had been performed were independent variables associated with having had TBE serology performed or not at the time of illness. Only one of 137 cases, where samples could be retrospectively analyzed for TBE, turned out positive. This study shows a low frequency of TBE sampling among patients with meningoencephalitis in a region with emerging risk for TBE. A higher awareness of TBE as differential diagnosis could contribute to earlier detection of new risk areas and adequate preventive advice to the public.
Collagen-bound fibrin sealant (TachoSil®) for dural closure in cranial surgery: single-centre comparative cohort study and systematic review of the literature
Authors: Carretta Alessandro , Epskamp Mirka , Ledermann Linus , Staartjes Victor E. , Neidert Marian C. , Regli Luca , Stienen Martin N. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage is a well-known complication of craniotomies and there are several dural closure techniques. One commonly used commercial product as adjunct for dural closure is the collagen-bound fibrin sealant TachoSil®. We analysed whether the addition of TachoSil has beneficial effects on postoperative complications and outcomes. Our prospective, institutional database was retrospectively queried, and 662 patients undergoing craniotomy were included. Three hundred fifty-two were treated with dural suture alone, and in 310, TachoSil was added after primary suture. Our primary endpoint was the rate of postoperative complications associated with CSF leakage. Secondary endpoints included functional, disability and neurological outcome. Systematic review according to PRISMA guidelines was performed to identify studies comparing primary dural closure with and without additional sealants. Postoperative complications associated with CSF leakage occurred in 24 (7.74%) and 28 (7.95%) procedures with or without TachoSil, respectively (p = 0.960). Multivariate analysis confirmed no significant differences in complication rate between the two groups (aOR 0.97, 95% CI 0.53–1.80, p = 0.930). There were no significant disparities in postoperative functional, disability or neurological scores. The systematic review identified 661 and included 8 studies in the qualitative synthesis. None showed a significant superiority of additional sealants over standard technique regarding complications, rates of revision surgery or outcome. According to our findings, we summarize that routinary use of TachoSil and similar products as adjuncts to primary dural sutures after intracranial surgical procedures is safe but without clear advantage in complication avoidance or outcome. Future studies should investigate whether their use is beneficial in high-risk settings.
Deep Learning for Image Enhancement and Correction in Magnetic Resonance Imaging—State-of-the-Art and Challenges
Authors: Chen Zhaolin , Pawar Kamlesh , Ekanayake Mevan , Pain Cameron , Zhong Shenjun , Egan Gary F. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides excellent soft-tissue contrast for clinical diagnoses and research which underpin many recent breakthroughs in medicine and biology. The post-processing of reconstructed MR images is often automated for incorporation into MRI scanners by the manufacturers and increasingly plays a critical role in the final image quality for clinical reporting and interpretation. For image enhancement and correction, the post-processing steps include noise reduction, image artefact correction, and image resolution improvements. With the recent success of deep learning in many research fields, there is great potential to apply deep learning for MR image enhancement, and recent publications have demonstrated promising results. Motivated by the rapidly growing literature in this area, in this review paper, we provide a comprehensive overview of deep learning-based methods for post-processing MR images to enhance image quality and correct image artefacts. We aim to provide researchers in MRI or other research fields, including computer vision and image processing, a literature survey of deep learning approaches for MR image enhancement. We discuss the current limitations of the application of artificial intelligence in MRI and highlight possible directions for future developments. In the era of deep learning, we highlight the importance of a critical appraisal of the explanatory information provided and the generalizability of deep learning algorithms in medical imaging.
Systematic Review of mHealth Interventions for Adolescent and Young Adult HIV Prevention and the Adolescent HIV Continuum of Care in Low to Middle Income Countries
Authors: Goldstein Madeleine , Archary Moherndran , Adong Julian , Haberer Jessica E. , Kuhns Lisa M. , Kurth Ann , Ronen Keshet , Lightfoot Marguerita , Inwani Irene , John-Stewart Grace , Garofalo Robert , Zanoni Brian C. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAdolescents and young adults (AYA) in low to middle income countries (LMIC) have poorer outcomes along each step in the HIV continuum of prevention and care compared to younger children or older adults. The use of mHealth technology provides a potentially promising implementation strategy for interventions to remedy these disparities. We therefore conducted a systematic review of the English literature and conference proceedings from January 1, 2000 to April 1, 2021 evaluating mHealth interventions targeting AYA along each step of the HIV continuum of care in LMIC. We identified 27 mHealth interventions across the HIV continuum, with no interventions addressing transition from pediatric to adult care. The majority of studies were single arm, uncontrolled or underpowered, with few randomized trials resulting in mixed and inconclusive outcomes. mHealth interventions have potential to remedy disparities along the HIV continuum of care for AYA in LMIC but larger, powered randomized trials are needed.
Large–Eddy Simulation of the Flow Inside a Scour Hole Around a Circular Cylinder Using a Cut Cell Immersed Boundary Method
Authors: Unglehrt Lukas , Jenssen Ulrich , Kurz Fabian , Schanderl Wolfgang , Kreuzinger Johannes , Schwertfirm Florian , Manhart Michael 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe present a novel symmetry-preserving cut cell finite volume method which is a three-dimensional generalisation of the method by Dröge and Verstappen (Int J Numer Method Fluids 47:979–985, 2005). A colour-coding scheme for the three-dimensional cut momentum cell faces reduces the number of possible cut cell configurations. A cell merging strategy is employed to alleviate time step constraints. We demonstrate the energy conservation property of the convective and pressure gradient terms, and the second-order spatial convergence with suitable benchmark cases. We used the scheme to perform highly resolved large–eddy simulations of the flow inside a scour hole around a circular cylinder mounted vertically in a flume. The simulation results are extensively compared to a stereoscopic particle image velocimetry experiment of the same configuration performed by Jenssen and Manhart (Exp Fluids 61:217, 2020). We demonstrate that for the investigated Reynolds numbers (20,000 and 40,000) nearly converged solutions are obtained; however at large computational efforts (up to 2.35 billion cells for the higher Reynolds number). It turns out that the flow topology of the horseshoe vortex system is strongly dependent on the grid resolution. For simulation results obtained on the finest grid, the mean flow and turbulence quantities agree well with the experiment. We investigate the shape and turbulence structure of the horseshoe vortex based on three-dimensional fields, and discuss the distribution of the mean and standard deviation of the wall shear stress in the scour hole and the implications for the physics of the scouring process over a sand bed.
Using Genomic Structural Equation Modeling to Partition the Genetic Covariance Between Birthweight and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors into Maternal and Offspring Components in the Norwegian HUNT Study
Authors: Moen Gunn-Helen , Nivard Michel , Bhatta Laxmi , Warrington Nicole M , Willer Cristen , Åsvold Bjørn Olav , Brumpton Ben , Evans David M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe Barker Hypothesis posits that adverse intrauterine environments result in fetal growth restriction and increased risk of cardiometabolic disease through developmental compensations. Here we introduce a new statistical model using the genomic SEM software that is capable of simultaneously partitioning the genetic covariation between birthweight and cardiometabolic traits into maternally mediated and offspring mediated contributions. We model the covariance between birthweight and later life outcomes, such as blood pressure, non-fasting glucose, blood lipids and body mass index in the Norwegian HUNT study, consisting of 15,261 mother-eldest offspring pairs with genetic and phenotypic data. Application of this model showed some evidence for maternally mediated effects of systolic blood pressure on offspring birthweight, and pleiotropy between birthweight and non-fasting glucose mediated through the offspring genome. This underscores the importance of genetic links between birthweight and cardiometabolic phenotypes and offer alternative explanations to environmentally based hypotheses for the phenotypic correlation between these variables.
Biological nitrogen fixation and nifH gene abundance in deadwood of 13 different tree species
Authors: Groß Christina , Hossen Shakhawat , Hartmann Henrik , Noll Matthias , Borken Werner 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDeadwood is an extremely nitrogen (N) poor plant litter whose decomposition may rely on external N sources. Biological N2 fixation (BNF) by free-living diazotrophs, encoded with the nifH gene, is a potential pathway of N acquisition in deadwood. Still, the control of this process by tree species specific traits is hardly known. Here, we examined (1) BNF rates and nifH gene abundances in deadwood of 13 tree species after 12 years of decomposition and (2) how BNF was related to nutrient concentrations and non-structural carbohydrates (NSC). Comparing our BNF rates with the literature revealed no difference for angiosperms but gymnosperms. Large variability prevented any significant difference in BNF and nifH gene abundance between tree species identities of deadwood. Still, higher BNF and nifH gene abundances occurred in the group of diffuse-porous angiosperms compared to ring-porous angiosperms and gymnosperms. Positive relationships between BNF rates and molybdenum, phosphor, sulfur, and N suggested co-limitation of BNF by several nutrients in deadwood. Relatively high NSC concentrations indicated good carbon availability for diazotrophs. Furthermore, structural equation modeling highlighted the importance of water content for BNF and nifH gene abundance, although the overall explanatory power was low. In conclusion, BNF is a ubiquitous microbial process in deadwood of native European tree species and the comparison with other studies suggests no down-regulation of BNF by high N deposition in Central Europe.
The potential for eye donation from hospice and palliative care clinical settings in England: a retrospective case note review of deceased patients' records
Authors: Long-Sutehall Tracy , Madi-Segwagwe Banyana Cecilia , Hurlow Adam , Faull Christina , Rayment Clare , Jacob Faith , Wale Jane , Short Jill , Johnston Julie , Georgiade Katerina , Brown Mark , Seaton Naomi , Mollart Sarah , Gillon Suzie , Bracher Mike 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThere is a need to identify additional routes of supply for ophthalmic tissue in the UK. This paper reports the findings from a national study exploring the potential for eye donation (ED) from three Hospice Care (HC) and three Hospital Palliative Care Services (HPC) in England. The objectives addressed in this paper are i.) to establish the size and describe the clinical characteristics of the potential eye donor population across six clinical sites; ii.) to identify challenges for clinicians in applying the standard ED criteria for assessing patient eligibility. Retrospective assessment of 1199 deceased patient case notes, 601 Hospice Care and 598 Hospital Palliative Care services, against current eye donation criteria. Clinicians’ assessments were then evaluated against the same criteria. by specialists based at the National Health Service Blood and Transplant Tissue Services division (NHSBT-TS). Results of the assessment and evaluation are reported as descriptive statistics (numerical data). Free-text comment boxes facilitated clarification and/or justification of review and evaluation decisions. 46% (n = 553) of 1199 deceased patients’ notes were agreed as eligible for eye donation (Hospice care settings = 56% (n = 337); Palliative care settings = 36% (n = 216). For all eligible cases (n = 553) the option of ED was recorded as being raised with family members in only 14 cases (3%). Significant potential exists for eye donation from the clinical sites in this study. This potential is not currently being realised.