bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between the Multidimensional Poverty Measure and COVID-19 mortality in Colombia
Authors: Bedoya JP Perez , Cardozo OI Mendoza , Aguirre CA Pérez , Galvis LM Ruiz , Escudero JP Sánchez , Jimenez J Cardona , Rey BA Rodríguez , Barengo NC , Valencia PA Diaz 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Different socioeconomic aspects have been related to mortality from COVID-19. For this reason, the objective of this study was to analyze the association between the Multidimensional Poverty Measure at the municipal level (MPM) and the clinical outcome of mortality in the resident population of Colombia with a diagnosis of COVID-19.

Methods
Observational, non-concurrent cohort study of confirmed cases of COVID-19 reported in Colombia by August 2021. The main outcome variable was mortality from COVID-19, and the main exposure variable was MPM. The covariates included in the analysis were patient's sex, age, and municipality of residence. Unadjusted and adjusted logistic models were used using balanced random samples of deaths and recovered patients, calculating odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval ranges (CI).

Results
In total, 4,194,538 cases of COVID-19 were included in the analysis, of which approximately 3% died. According to the adjusted multivariate analysis, it was found that patients who live in municipalities with an MPM between 20 to 40%, 41 to 60%, 61 to 80% and more than 80% had an OR of 1.6 (95% CI 1.4 to 1.8), 1.6 (95% CI 1.3 to 1.9), 1.7 (95% CI 1.2 to 2.5), and 2.2 (95% CI 0.7 to 7.8), respectively, for mortality from COVID-19 compared with an MPM of less than 20%. When analyzing the data according to sex for the MPM from 20 to 40%, 41 to 60%, 61 to 80% and more than 80%, an OR for women of 1.7 (95% CI 1.5 to 2.0), 1.8 (95% CI % 1.5 to 2.1), 1.9 (95% CI 1.3 to 2.6) and 2.8 (CI 0.9 to 10.1) respectively. For men an OR of 1.5 (95% CI 1.3 to 1.7), 1.4 (95% CI 1.2 to 1.7), 1.6 (95% CI 1.1 to 2.3) and 1.9 (95% CI 0.6 to 6.0) respectively compared to a MPM less than 20%.

Conclusions
The risk of mortality from COVID-19 in Colombia is increased in populations with higher MPM. Social determinants of health have an important effect on the outcomes of COVID-19.

Key messages
Histopathological Findings of Lung Cancer in Black Coal Miners in the Czech Republic
Authors: Tomaskova H , Horacek J , Slachtova H , Splichalova A , Riedlova P , Dalecka A , Jirak Z , Madar R 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Coal miners with coal workers’ pneumoconiosis (CWP, J60 according to ICD-10) were previously found to have a significantly higher risk of lung carcinoma compared to the general male population. The presented study aimed to analyze the incidence of lung carcinoma in miners, histopathological findings in cohorts with and without CWP, and effect of smoking cessation on the histopathological profile.

Methods
Analysed cohorts consisted of miners with (n = 3476) and without (n = 6687) CWP. Data on personal and working history obtained from the medical records were combined with information on lung cancer from the Czech Oncological Register and histopathological findings. Statistical analysis was performed using non-parametric tests and the incidence risk ratio (significance level of 5%).

Results
In 1992-2015, 180 miners (2.7%) without CWP and 169 (4.9%) with CWP, respectively, were diagnosed with lung carcinoma. The risk of lung cancer in miners with CWP was 1.82 (95% CI: 1.48-2.25) times higher than in those without CWP. Squamous cell carcinoma (37%) was the most common histopathological type, followed by adenocarcinoma (22%) and small cell carcinoma (21%). A statistically significant difference between the cohorts (p = 0.003) was found in the histopathological subtypes, with the incidence of small cell carcinoma being 2 times higher in miners without CWP than in those with CWP. Only a few individuals with lung carcinoma were non-smokers. The incidence of small cell carcinoma, which is strongly associated with smoking, is significantly higher in miners without CWP.

Conclusions
Smoking constitutes the most important risk factor for developing lung carcinoma even in that cohort. However, CWP remains a very important risk factor.
This work was supported by grant of Research Support Foundation, Vaduz. Markus R. Tödtli Consulting and project Healthy Aging in the Industrial Environment CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000798 (HAIE).

Key messages
Social Disparities in Cardiometabolic Health in Czechia and Venezuela Using the Allostatic Load Model
Authors: Polcrova A , Nieto-Martinez R , Mechanick JI , Neto GA Maranhao , Infante-Garcia MM , Pikhart H , Bobak M , Medina-Inojosa JR , Gonzalez-Rivas JP 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Subjects with lower socioeconomic status (SES) are exposed to higher levels of environmental stressors. The cumulative effects of chronic stressors on cardiometabolic health can be evaluated using the allostatic load (AL) score. Despite the accepted social gradient, clear relationships between social determinants and cardiometabolic health in populations with different socio-cultural contexts have been rarely explored. This study aimed to compare the relationships of social determinants with AL in different socioeconomic contexts: unstable Venezuela (VE) and stable Czechia (CZ).

Methods
25-64 years old subjects from two cross-sectional population-based samples from CZ (2013-2014, n = 1579, 56% females) and VE (2014-2017, n = 1652, 70% females). The AL score (scaled 0-8) was calculated using 8 cardiometabolic biomarkers (BMI, waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total and HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides). Social characteristics included education in both countries, household income in CZ, and composite measure of SES based on source of income, household head's profession, motheŕs education, and housing conditions in VE. Ordinal regression was performed separately in men and women.

Results
In CZ, men and women with low education and women with low income were more likely to have higher score of AL compared to those with high education and income (OR 1.45, 2.29 and 1.69). In VE, women with low education and low SES were more likely to have higher AL (OR 1.47 and 1.51), while men with low education and low SES were less likely to have higher AL (OR 0.64 and 0.61), compared to those with high education and high SES. Independently of age, sex, and socioeconomic characteristics, Venezuelans were more likely to have higher AL than Czechs.

Conclusions
Associations of social position indices and cardiometabolic health (proxied by AL) differed between CZ and VE, most likely reflecting differences in social environment between the countries.

Key messages
Preventing food contamination: preliminary results of a cross-sectional study among food handlers
Authors: Errico EA , Licata F , Maruca R , Costantino N , Di Giuseppe G , Napolitano F , Pelullo CP , Della Polla G , Angelillo S , Bianco A 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
More than 600 million people around the world get sick every year due to eating contaminated food, which is impressive considering that all foodborne diseases (FDs) are preventable. Contamination during food preparation by food handlers (FHs) is one of the main causes of FDs. The aim of this study is to assess the knowledge and behaviors of FHs related to FDs.

Methods
The cross-sectional study was conducted in two regions (i.e. Calabria and Sicily) of Southern Italy. Data was collected through an anonymous self-administered questionnaire designed to retrieve sociodemographic information, knowledge about food safety, and food-handling behaviors among a randomly selected sample of FHs ≥ 18 years of age.

Results
Findings refer to a sample of 171 respondents with a mean age of 40 years (SD ± 12.7). A vast majority (63.7%) of FHs did not know the correct procedure for hand washing according to Food & Drug Administration (FDA) guidelines and 28.4% of subjects did not wash their hands after touching raw food, which constitutes a major risk of food cross-contamination. One-third of FHs were unknowledgeable that cross-contamination (e.g. using the same utensils for cooked and raw foods) could lead to FDs. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed a positive correlation (p &lt; 0.001) among good knowledge and proper food-handling practices, such as using separate kitchen utensils to prepare cooked and raw foods and storing them in separate areas or fridges. Less than half of the sample (42.1%) reported the need for more information about FDs.

Conclusions
Preliminary results highlight a lack of knowledge about simple rules to avoid food cross-contamination that could negatively impact on food safety and food-handling behaviors. This study add evidence about areas where intervention are needed to reduce the occurrence of FDs.

Key messages
Actions to support local charitable organizations in countering the spread of food insecurity
Authors: Barocco G , Croci E , Longo T , Calabretti A , Bogoni P , Sepe J , Marsi A 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
According to the Italian Statistic Institute data, in Italy between 2007 - 2020 individual absolute poverty (AP) grew from 4.1 to 9.4%. In 2020 13.5% of minors lived in AP, furthermore in 2017 22.3% of Italians lived in conditions of food poverty or food insecurity (FI), between 2018 - 2019 1 in 7 minors lived in conditions of FI. The scientific literature underlines how inadequate food access is one of the risk factors for the onset of chronic non-communicable diseases. The aims of the project were to evaluate in the 3 main local charitable organizations (LCOs) the qualitative - quantitative profile of the food basket and the content of protective components present in fruits and vegetables (FV) available for socially disadvantaged communities (SDCs); determine the main nutritional critical points (NCPs); and identify possible corrective actions (CAs).

Methods
The average composition of the food baskets available in 2021 for 1600 users by the 3 LCOs was compared with national nutritional recommendations. In February 2022, 23 samples of FV were collected from the LCOs for chemical analyses by the University of Trieste (UT). The outcomes were compared with the food composition database of the UT.

Results
The food baskets at the LCOs were characterized by: daily average availability of 50 to 145 g of FV (8 to 22% of the recommended requirement); weekly average availability from 26 to 200g of cheeses, from 0 to 132g of meat. The quantitative profile of the protective molecules present in FV samples was reduced by 11 to 40 % compared to the UT database. The main NCPs were lack of nutrition guidelines on targeted food programmes and of monitor systems to evaluate the food basket balance for SDCs. CAs have been planned to integrate food safety and food security in public health programs to support LCOs.

Conclusions
The results of the project can significantly support LCOs towards integrated actions in the food and nutritional policies at local and regional level.

Key messages
Influence of occupation on the subjective health of forced migrant doctors-a qualitative study
Authors: Locher V , Krämer A 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
With the refugee movement in 2015, also forced migrated female and male medical professionals have arrived in Germany. The effect of occupation on the subjective health status of these physicians working in the German health care system was investigated on the basis of Antonovsky's sense of coherence (SOC) and the occupational science models of Siegrist and Karasek&Theorell.

Methods
Using a semi-structured interview guide, nine forced migrated physicians were interviewed before and nine forced migrated physicians were interviewed during their professional medical activity. Both interview groups had an Arabic cultural background. The transcribed interviews were analyzed according to Kuckartz's content structuring qualitative content analysis using the MAXQDA 2020 software tool.

Results
The SOC of migrated physicians is favorably influenced by meaningful occupational activity and the newly gained manageability of life. Positive influences are seen in professional appreciation and collegial support at all hierarchical levels. Negative effects are perceived in experiences of discrimination, insecurity and experienced injustice in the recognition of foreign qualifications. Physical stress results from occupational overload, unfamiliar work and time pressure.

Conclusions
The salutogenic effect of the work, the recognition in the profession and the collegial support are essential contributions to the promotion of especially mental health among forced migrated doctors. This speaks in favor of rapid and stringent integration into professional life. However, organizational barriers inherent in the German health care system should not be disregarded, which is why both legal and structural improvements should be made to the existing integration procedure before and during professional activity.

Key messages
Managers’ sick-leave recommendations - a video vignette study on common mental disorders
Authors: Hensing G , Hultquist J , Bertilsson M 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Sick leave due to common mental disorders (CMD) in Sweden is higher among women than men. Since the Swedish labor market is highly sex segregated a contributing factor might be managers’ attitudes towards CMD and sick leave. This video vignette study tests three hypotheses on managerś sex and recommendation for sick leave. The hypotheses are: (1) there is an association between negative attitudes towards CMDs and recommending sick leave, and (2) there is an association between educational level and recommending sick leave, and (3) there is an association between workplace factors and managerś recommendation of sick leave.

Methods
The study sample consisted of 2703 Swedish managers, female (34%) and male (66%). The online survey included a randomized female and male video vignette played by actors and specifically designed for the study. Associations were investigated by means of logistic regression. The covariates were attitudes towards depression, educational level, labor sector, size of company, proportion of women/men at the workplace, and sex of the person in the video vignette.

Results
The bi-variate crude analysis showed an OR of 1.28 (95% C.I. 1.08-1.51) for female vs. male managers’ recommendation of employee sick leave to the video vignette. Negative attitudes towards CMD did not add to the model, whereas educational level did, OR 1.34 (95% C.I. 1.13-1.59). The final, fully adjusted model showed an OR of 1.39 (95% C.I. 1.16-1.66) for female vs. male managers’ recommendation of employee sick leave.

Conclusions
The likelihood of a manager recommending sick leave after watching a CMD-labelled video vignette was slightly higher for female managers compared to male, and it remained in the final adjusted model. The results resonate with the registered sick leave and the sex segregation among managers and industries in the Swedish labor market.

Key messages
The various insecurities experienced among non-standard workers across different policy-contexts
Authors: Bosmans K , Vignola E , López V Álvarez , Pérez M Julià , Baron S , Bodin T ,   PWR consortium
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Over the last decades, the prevalence of non-standard employment (NSE) has increased in many countries, with negative implications for worker health and well-being. Research at the micro level, mostly quantitative, has linked NSE with poor health through insecurity. Macro-level studies investigating whether political economic factors buffer the harms of NSE have generated mixed results. This study describes how various types of insecurity are experienced by workers in NSE, in general and during COVID-19, and how this influences their health and well-being, in six countries with different welfare states: Belgium, Canada, Chile, Spain, Sweden and the United States.

Methods
In-depth interviews with 250 workers in NSE were analysed using a multiple-case study approach and using the welfare state typology as a macro-level framework.

Results
Despite differences in welfare states, workers in all six countries experienced multiple forms of insecurity as well as relational tension with employers or clients, with clear negative effects on their well-being, in ways that were shaped by broader social inequalities (e.g., related to gender, age, and access to family support). Simultaneously, differences in welfare states were reflected in the level of workers’ exclusion from social protections, the temporality of difficulties they faced in planning their lives (e.g., threats to daily survival or to longer-term life planning), and their ability to derive control from NSE despite the insecurity it created. Workers in less generous welfare states experienced heightened insecurity and greater stress from the COVID-19, but the severity of the health and economic crisis was felt by workers in all study countries.

Conclusions
This study sheds light on the ways that welfare regimes can support - or fail to support - workers in NSE, and suggests the need in all six countries for stronger state responses to NSE, a pressing social determinant of health.

Key messages
Employment at the onset of partial disability retirement and four years later
Authors: Polvinen A 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Increasing the labour market participation of people with a reduced ability to work is a big labour market challenge in many countries. In Finland, one third of all new disability pensions are granted as partial pensions. It is also known that most partial disability pensioners continue working while receiving a pension. There is only limited research about the length of employment of partial disability pensioners and the factors associated with employment in retirement. The aim of this study was to examine the employment at the onset of partial disability retirement and four years after retirement, and to examine how age, gender, educational level, employment sector, diagnosis and type of pension are associated with employment after partial disability retirement.

Methods
Our Finnish register data comprised 7,617 partial disability pensioners aged 20-58 who retired in 2013 or 2014. Logistic and multinomial logistic regression analysis were used to estimate OR:s and 95 percent CI:s for employment at the onset of partial disability retirement and four years after retirement.

Results
81 percent of partial disability pensioners were employed when retiring on a partial disability pension. Four years later, 50 percent were still drawing a partial disability pension, of whom 77 percent were working. 11 percent were employed but no longer drawing a partial disability pension. The partial disability pensioners who were more often employed were younger, female, more highly educated, working in the public sector and receiving a temporary disability pension.

Conclusions
Many sociodemographic factors are associated with employment at the onset of partial disability retirement and with continued working while drawing a partial disability pension.

Key messages
Occupational hazards and early retirement: German National Cohort (NAKO) baseline distributions
Authors: Hegewald J , Starke K Romero , Latza U , Seidler A 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Despite measures to ensure occupational safety, harmful workplace conditions that negatively impact worker health persist. The baseline assessment of the German National Cohort (NAKO) provides a basis for determining the prevalence of occupational hazards and early retirement (due to health reasons).

Methods
From 2014 to 2017, the NAKO examined 205,141 participants aged 20-69 years at 18 study centers across Germany. Working participants were asked about exposure to airborne particulates, occupational noise, evening and night work, sick days, presenteeism, and personal safety equipment use (respiratory masks, hearing protection). The assessment also included questions on retirement. We examined the distributions descriptively.

Results
A total of 84.2% (n = 172,766) participants were ever employed. Of these participants, 7.9% reported ever working in a job with dust or air particulate exposure where a respiratory mask was required for at least one year. However, nearly one-third (31.6%) of the particulate-exposed workers reported not having worn a mask. 11.4% worked at least a year in a job that required hearing protection, but 27.2% of noise-exposed workers did not comply with this safety measure. Over half of the workers sometimes worked between 6 and 10 pm, and 18.7% sometimes worked at night (11 pm to 6 am) in the last three months. On average, participants used 10.5 sick days in the previous year, and the 12-month prevalence of going to work sick at least one day (presenteeism) was 64.9%. Nearly one-fourth (24.4%; n = 9043) of retirees reported early retirement due to health reasons.

Conclusions
Hazardous working conditions were common, and there was only partial compliance with the use of available personal safety equipment and measures. The NAKO provides a basis for examining the distribution of occupational exposures in Germany, and future prospective data will permit an evaluation of the effectiveness of preventative regulations.

Key messages
Domestic violence in indian women: status of husbands’ alcohol consumption as a determinant factor
Authors: da Silva Maia J , China J Félix , Teixeira JP 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Domestic violence continues to be a major public health issue that affects millions of individuals worldwide. According to the 2015-2016 India National Family Health Survey, 33% of married women had been victims of spousal physical, sexual, or emotional violence. It was also revealed that spousal abuse differs depending on the level of the husband's alcohol consumption. In this case, determining the link between this consumption and domestic violence is critical.

Methods
The effects of husbands’ alcohol use on the occurrence of domestic violence and associated risk factors were investigated using data from the 2015-2016 India Individual Record Database (DHS) A binomial logistic regression model was used for the analysis.

Results
62554 married women aged 15 to 49 were chosen for this study, of which 31.2% have experienced some form of marital violence. Women with husbands who drink alcohol account for 31% of the sample, with 49.5% of those committing domestic violence against their wives. In a multivariate analysis, women whose spouses drink have a 3.11 times higher chance (p &lt; 0.01; adjOR=3.11, 95%CI 3-3.23) of experiencing domestic violence than women whose husbands don't drink.

Conclusions
The effect of the husband's alcohol use on the occurrence of domestic violence can be used to guide evidence-based targeted intervention.

Key messages