bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Achievement of European Society of Cardiology/European Atherosclerosis Society lipid targets in very high-risk patients: Influence of depression and sex
Authors: Ellins Elizabeth A. , Harris Daniel E. , Lacey Arron , Akbari Ashley , Torabi Fatemeh , Smith Dave , Jenkins Geraint , Obaid Daniel , Chase Alex , John Ann , Gravenor Michael B. , Halcox Julian P. 
Published: February 2022

Aims
To explore differences in the use of lipid lowering therapy and/or achievement of lipid guideline targets in patients with and without prior depression and influence of sex in very high-risk coronary patients.

Methods & findings
A retrospective observational cohort study was conducted using individual-level linked electronic health record data in patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (2012–2017) in Wales. The cohort comprised of 13,781 patients (27.4% female), with 26.1% having prior depression. Lipid levels were recorded in 10,050 patients of whom 25% had depression. History of depression was independently associated with not having lipids checked (OR 0.79 95%CI 0.72–0.87 p<0.001). Patients with prior depression were less likely to achieve targets for low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C <1.8mmol/l), non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C <2.6mmol/l) and triglycerides (<2.3mmol/l) than patients without depression (OR 0.86 95%CI 0.78–0.96 p = 0.007, OR 0.80 95%CI 0.69–0.92 p = 0.003 & OR 0.69 95CI% 0.61–0.79 p<0.001 respectively). Females were less likely to achieve targets for LDL-C and non-HDL-C than males (OR 0.55 95%CI 0.50–0.61 p<0.001 & OR 0.63 95%CI 0.55–0.73 p<0.001). There was an additive effect of depression and sex; females with depression were not only least likely to be tested (OR 0.74 95%CI 0.65–0.84 p<0.001) but also (where levels were known) less likely to achieve LDL-C (OR 0.47 95%CI 0.41–0.55 p<0.001) and non-HDL-C targets (OR 0.50 95%CI 0.41–0.60 p<0.001). It was not possible to look at the influence of medication adherence on achievement of lipid targets due to limitations of the use of anonymised routinely-held clinical care data.

Conclusion
Patients with prior depression were less likely to have their lipids monitored and achieve guideline targets within 1-year. Females with depression are the least likely to be tested and achieve lipid targets, suggesting not only a greater risk of future events, but also an opportunity to improve care.
Revisiting Potter Cove, King George Island, Antarctica, 12 years later: new observations of marine benthic diatoms
Authors: Al-Handal Adil Y. , Torstensson Anders , Wulff Angela 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Continuous observations of Antarctic benthic diatoms are necessary to detect changes in species composition and biodiversity that may result from environmental changes. The present work provides a systematic list of benthic diatoms from Potter Cove (62.03°S 58.35°W) collected during summer 2015. The new findings are compared with observations made 12 years ago (summer 2003). In total, 80 taxa were found, similar to that encountered earlier, but 17 species (21% of the total species number) were not observed in 2003, and 26 species (31%) of those reported in 2003 did not appear in 2015. The dominant species in 2003 and 2015 was the large epipelic and cosmopolitan Gyrosigma fasciola. Most of the species either newly observed in the present study, or absent in the present study but observed previously, occurred either rarely or very rarely. Gyrosigma arcuatum and Pleurosigma diversestriatum were newly observed in 2015 and not previously reported from polar regions. This study provides systematic and ecological information on all taxa encountered and is illustrated with light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. We emphasize that ice-inhabiting and other benthic diatoms should be included when considering the biodiversity of polar diatoms. Thus, we hope that the present study will add a piece to the puzzle of climate change effects on the benthic diatoms in this vulnerable region and will complement earlier published species records in the area.
Preparation and properties of natural rubber composite with CoFe2O4-immobilized biomass carbon
Authors: Cui Haipeng , Zhao Pengfei , Liao Lusheng , Zhao Yanfang , Long Aichun , Liao Jianhe 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Designing versatile rubber as a multifunctional elastomer is of great importance, incorporating it with biomass-derived nanoblocks will mitigate environmental challenges. Here biosynthesized natural rubber (NR) composites with CoFe2O4-immobilized biomass carbon (BC) derived from macadamia nutshells were fabricated by facile mechanical mixing. Morphological analysis indicates that CoFe2O4 nanoparticles are uniformly anchored on the surface of BC, forming intact electromagnetic loss networks in NR matrix. As a consequence, the as-fabricated NR/CoFe2O4@BC composites demonstrate enhanced mechanical, thermal, and electromagnetic performance. Particularly, NR/CoFe2O4@BC composite shows the best microwave attenuation capacity when CoFe2O4@BC loading is 40 phr, with the minimum reflection loss (RL) of −35.00 dB and effective absorption bandwidth (RL < −10 dB) of 1.60 GHz. All results indicate that this work open new paradigm for multiple applications based on biosynthetic elastomer with the sustainable biomass derived nanoblocks.
Studying the spatio-temporal dynamics of wood decay with X-ray CT scanning
Authors: De Ligne Liselotte , De Muynck Amélie , Caes Jordy , Baetens Jan M. , De Baets Bernard , Van Hoorebeke Luc , Van Acker Joris , Van den Bulcke Jan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Bio-based building materials are susceptible to degradation by decay fungi when exposed to favourable conditions for fungal growth. The risk of decay depends on both the environmental conditions and material resistance. Although durability data is available for solid wood, standard tests mainly focus on mass loss assessment after a fixed degradation period. In-depth knowledge on time-dependent decay patterns is lacking, yet could prove relevant for optimisations of the structural design of engineered wood products to increase their service life. Here, a novel X-ray CT scanning set-up and analysis pipeline for non-destructive assessment of the influence of material structure on temporal decay patterns under laboratory conditions is presented. Wood specimens that were severely degraded showed a pattern in which the density decreased substantially after 2 weeks, due to wood mass being metabolised into mycelium, carbon dioxide and water. The influence of various anatomical features, such as the vessel orientation and the number of growth rings, on wood degradation patterns was demonstrated. This approach is a starting point for further in-depth research on the influence of material structure on decay. The method is especially interesting to assess the efficacy of structural modification strategies that are expected to inhibit decay or enhance service life.
Structural Chemistry of Titanium Alkoxides Substituted by the Chelating Bidentate Ligands Isoeugenolate or 2-Aminoethanolate
Authors: Fric Helmut , Kogler Franz René , Puchberger Michael , Schubert Ulrich 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The compounds [Ti(OPr)3(isoeugenolate)]2 and [Ti(OR)3(OCH2CH2NH2)]2(R = iPr, Et), obtained by reaction of titanium alkoxides with isoeugenol (2-methoxy-4-propenylphenol) or 2- aminoethanol, are centrosymmetric dimers with a central Ti2(μ2-OR)2 unit. The isoeugenolate and 2-aminoethanolate ligands are chelating, with the uncharged donor group (OR or NH2, respectively) axial to the Ti2(μ2-OR)2 ring.
The influence of playing digital game in distance learning towards students’ speaking skill
Authors: Wijanarko Doni , Hadi Samsul , Puspitasari Indah 
Published: February 2022

The lack of class interaction in distance learning makes students can not practice their speaking skill. In another case, the use of digital game have been familiar among students. This situation forces teacher to serve students with creative teaching-learning in the class. Novelty is on the specific game which was used in this research. The researcher experimented to apply digital games namely “Among Us” then investigated the impact on students’ speaking skill. This research aimed to answer the question, how were digital games become an alternative medium to learn English in the distance learning situation? Inherently, this research was a pre-experimental research method with a design of one shoot case study. The main data source in this research was based on students' assessments scores and students’ questionnaire scores then supported by other questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. The averages scores indicate that students were good in speaking skills overall, it could be known by the detailed results of the assessments that were pre-activity 2.64, during-activity 2.50, and post-activity 2.22. Moreover, the results of regression analysis indicated digital games influenced students' achievement and students' motivation. It can be known by the significance of Annova tables results that students’ achievement 0.022 < 0.05 and students motivation 0.000 < 0.05. The Researcher concluded that students were comfortable and more confident to learn and practice their speaking skill during playing the digital game. Finally, through giving correct treatment, digital game activity was possible to be an alternative way to learn English especially to practice speaking skill.
Increased risk for type 2 diabetes in relation to adiposity in middle-aged Black South African men compared to women
Authors: Kufe Clement N , Micklesfield Lisa K , Masemola Maphoko , Chikowore Tinashe , Kengne Andre P , Karpe Fredrik , Norris Shane A , Crowther Nigel J , Olsson Tommy , Goedecke Julia H 
Published: February 2022

Aims
Despite a higher prevalence of overweight/obesity in Black South African women compared to men, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) does not differ. We explored if this could be due to sex differences in insulin sensitivity, clearance and/or beta-cell function and also sex-specific associations with total and regional adiposity.

Methods
This cross-sectional study included 804 Black South African men (n = 388) and women (n = 416). Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to measure total and regional adiposity. Insulin sensitivity (Matsuda index), secretion (C-peptide index) and clearance (C-peptide/insulin ratio) were estimated from an oral glucose tolerance test.

Results
After adjusting for sex differences in the fat mass index, men were less insulin sensitive and had lower beta-cell function than women (P  < 0.001), with the strength of the associations with measures of total and central adiposity being greater in men than women (P  < 0.001 for interactions). Further, the association between total adiposity and T2D risk was also greater in men than women (relative risk ratio (95% CI): 2.05 (1.42–2.96), P  < 0.001 vs 1.38 (1.03–1.85), P = 0.031).

Conclusion
With increasing adiposity, particularly increased centralisation of body fat linked to decreased insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function, Black African men are at greater risk for T2D than their female counterparts.
Increased liver fat associates with severe metabolic perturbations in low birth weight men
Authors: Brøns Charlotte , Thuesen Anne Cathrine Baun , Elingaard-Larsen Line Ohrt , Justesen Louise , Jensen Rasmus Tanderup , Henriksen Nicolai Stevns , Juel Helene Bæk , Størling Joachim , Ried-Larsen Mathias , Sparks Lauren M , van Hall Gerrit , Danielsen Else Rubæk , Hansen Torben , Vaag Allan 
Published: February 2022

Objective
Ectopic liver fat deposition, resulting from impaired subcutaneous adipose tissue expandability, may represent an age-dependent key feature linking low birth weight (LBW) with increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). We examined whether presumably healthy early middle-aged, non-obese LBW subjects exhibit increased liver fat content, whether increased liver fat in LBW is associated with the severity of dysmetabolic traits and finally whether such associations may be confounded by genetic factors.

Methods
Using 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy, we measured hepatic fat content in 26 early middle-aged, non-obese LBW and 22 BMI-matched normal birth weight (NBW) males. Endogenous glucose production was measured by stable isotopes, and a range of plasma adipokine and gut hormone analytes were measured by multiplex ELISA. Genetic risk scores were calculated from genome-wide association study (GWAS) data for birth weight, height, T2D, plasma cholesterol and risk genotypes for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Results
The LBW subjects had significantly increased hepatic fat content compared with NBW controls (P= 0.014), and 20% of LBW vs no controls had overt NAFLD. LBW subjects with NAFLD displayed widespread metabolic changes compared with NBW and LBW individuals without NAFLD, including hepatic insulin resistance, plasma adipokine and gut hormone perturbations as well as dyslipidemia. As an exception, plasma adiponectin levels were lower in LBW subjects both with and without NAFLD as compared to NBW controls. Genetic risk for selected differential traits did not differ between groups.

Conclusion
Increased liver fat content including overt NAFLD may be on the critical path linking LBW with increased risk of developing T2D in a non-genetic manner.
Rosmarinic acid alleviates diabetic osteoporosis by suppressing the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in rats
Authors: Li Qingsong , Tao Xueshun , Zhang Yubing 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
Diabetic osteoporosis is a common metabolic bone disorder characterized by bone loss in diabetic patients, which causes an enormous social burden due to the unsatisfactory outcome of current therapeutic strategy.

Methods
Based on the importance of inflammasome activation in diabetic osteoporosis, we evaluated the protective effect of an antioxidant, rosmarinic acid (RA) in diabetic osteoporosis. Bone marrow-derived monocytes isolated from rats were treated with receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL) and macrophage colony stimulating factor to differentiate into mature osteoclasts (OCs). Next OCs were stimulated with RA under high glucose condition to evaluate bone resorption. Next, streptozotocin (STZ)-injected rats were orally treated with 50 mg kg−1 RA to analyze its effect on diabetic osteoporosis.

Results
RA inhibited high glucose-stimulated inflammation and inflammasome activation in OCs. Bone resorption was also reduced after RA treatment as shown by the resorption pits assay. Moreover, RA significantly reduced bone resorption, alleviated bone weight loss and increased bone mineral density by inhibiting the activation of NACHT-LRR-PYD domains–containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in STZ-induced diabetic rats, leading to the improvement of diabetic osteoporosis.

Conclusion
RA effectively ameliorates diabetic osteoporosis in STZ-induced rats by inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in OCs, which suggests that RA might serve as a potential candidate drug for treating diabetic osteoporosis.
Distribution of flow velocity in a shaft intake structure
Authors: Bytčanková Lucia , Rumann Ján , Dušička Peter 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Recently, the construction of shaft intake structures in Slovakia has increased. The shaft intake structures overcome significant vertical depth over short horizontal distance. The flow of water in these shaft intake structures is therefore very complicated. The velocity field at a shaft intake of a small hydropower plant was investigated on a physical model in a hydraulic laboratory using the particle image velocimetry method. The particle image velocimetry measurements were realized for different shaft depths and the results of this study can increase negative effects of not suitable the design of construction on the flow homogeneity in the turbine intake.
Association between physical activity and sleep quality in Algerian adults during COVID-19 lockdown
Authors: Oudjedi Adda , Derouiche Mohamed , Allali Abdelghani , Malek Redha , Latreche Zoubir 
Published: February 2022

Background and Study Aim. There is no doubt that the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, and its related containment measures such as lockdown and social distancing, is affecting physical activity and sleep quality of the general population worldwide. Algeria, one of the most affected countries in Africa, entered the lockdown on March 9, 2020. Numerous studies have explored the interaction between physical activity and sleep quality showing the effect of physical activity levels on sleep, yet previous researches have not investigated the relationship between physical activity and sleep quality during lockdown. The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the association between physical activity and sleep quality in quarantined individuals.
Material and Methods. A national Google online survey was conducted between 16th April and 25th May 2020. 1002 Participants responded to the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire and the short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Of the 1002 participants who completed the survey, 358 were students. The final data were collected from the respondents.
Results. The COVID-19 home confinement led to a decrease in physical activity levels. However, the majority of the study population had good sleep quality (61.9%), while only (38.1%) had poor sleep quality. In addition, women are less physically active than men (p < 0.01). Moreover, there was a significant difference in sleep quality between sufficient and insufficient physical activity groups (p < 0.05).
Conclusions. Our results show that Algerian adults have low levels of physical activity, good sleep quality, and poor sleep quality is associated with insufficient physical activity in adults during lockdown.
Environmental impact of the main household cooking systems—A survey
Authors: Cimini Alessio , Moresi Mauro 
Published: February 2022

The food cooking energy may represent the primary hotspot in the cradle-to-grave life cycle of several foods and drinks. It is mainly affected by the type of food and its cookery method, cooking appliance and the fuel selected as well as the number of portions to be cooked. The primary aim of this survey was to demonstrate the basic characteristics of the main cooking methods, appliances, and fuels as well as energy required for some key foods. The secondary aim was to assess the environmental impacts of a generic cooking system as a function of few household cookers fueled by different fuels (i.e., firewood, charcoal, coal, natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, kerosene and biogas) and electricity in the Italian scenario by using the ReCiPe 2016 and product environmental footprint (PEF) standard methods and Ecoinvent v. 3.7 database. A functional unit equal to per capita useful energy delivered to the pot for cooking (1.41 gigajoule [GJ]) in 27 European Union countries in 2019 was used as the basis of comparison. The use of natural gas resulted in minimum impact in nine of the 18 mid-point impact categories of ReCiPe 2016 method and two damage categories (human health and ecosystem quality) with a minimum overall weighted damage score (OWDSR) of ~5 Pt. Thus, such a cookstove appeared to be more apt to minimize both indoor and outdoor air pollution. Even if the electric cookstove yielded a greater OWDSR (8.6 Pt) because the Italian electricity grid mix was mainly based on fossil sources, it was possible to forecast that new-generation, smart cooktops driven by hydro- and wind-power electricity would minimize OWDSR to as low as 0.9 and 1.4 Pt, respectively, thus not only avoiding the consumption of any fossil energy source but also improving people’s health.
The hydration of fast setting spray binder versus (aluminum sulfate) accelerated OPC
Authors: Briendl Lukas G. , Mittermayr Florian , Röck Rudolf , Steindl Florian R. , Sakoparnig Marlene , Juhart Joachim , Iranshahi Fatemeh , Galan Isabel 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The (early) hydration mechanisms of two different binder systems used for shotcrete were investigated: the so far almost unexplored low sulfate binder (spray binder), used in the field of dry-mix shotcrete; and ordinary Portland cement, accelerated by aluminum sulfate, widely used for wet-mix shotcrete. The basis for the fast setting of the spray binder is the rapid dissolution of C3A and the subsequent formation of flaky CO3-AFm phases. Thereby induced high aluminum concentrations in the pore solution lead to a blockage of alite dissolution during the first hours of hydration. At later stages, higher amounts of portlandite are formed in the dry-mix, compared to the wet-mix system. The lower calcium availability for portlandite formation in the wet-mix system is explained by an enhanced formation of C–A–S–H phases with a higher Ca:Si ratio. Additionally, wet-mix systems show lower porosity and higher compressive strength after 1 d of hydration and beyond.

Graphical abstract
Russian Legislation Development Prospects in the Field of Protection of Citizens’ Rights in Processing of Genetic Information (Private Law Outlook)
Authors: Boltanova E. S. , Imekova M. P. 
Published: February 2022

The European Union countries tend to ensure the protection of citizens’ rights when processing genetic information in such areas as healthcare, science, labor and insurance. In Russia, such protection of citizens’ rights is provided exclusively for the prevention, disclosure and investigation of crimes.The results of the study show that genetic information is an element of objects of various constitutional human and civil rights (for example, the right to health, the right to privacy, personal dignity, etc.). Consequently, it can be the object of a complex of legal relations of various areas of law: constitutional, civil, labor, etc. In this regard, it is concluded that the protection of the rights of citizens in Russia in processing of genetic information in such areas as healthcare, science, labor and insurance should have a complex (intersectoral) character. At the same time, there is no need to adopt a general law that would ensure the appropriate protection of citizens’ rights in all these spheres of society. It is enough to make point changes to the laws regulating public relations on processing of genetic information within a particular sphere. The Federal Law «On Personal Data» should definitely take a central place among such laws. Its norms are of «cross-cutting» character and are subject to application to all public relations, one way or another related to the processing of genetic information.In addition, there is a sphere of social life in Russia that is directly related to the processing of genetic information, but is not subject to legislative regulation. This is scientific research that uses biological samples of human origin. The authors of the paper, by analogy with the legislation of the European Union, propose to adopt a new Federal Law «On research of biological samples of human origin».