bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beyond screening in primary practice settings: Time to stop fiddling while Rome is burning
Authors: Hay Phillipa , Hart Laura M. , Wade Tracey D. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis forum presents the current state of research in the screening and identification of people with eating disorders in community and primary care, taking a longer‐term perspective that highlights the slow rate of progression in development of instruments, and impact on polices and practice.MethodAn historical overview is presented, followed by a critique of contemporary instruments and practice, and barriers to case detection and appropriate referral pathways.ResultsThere are now many instruments but all lack high levels of positive predictive power. However, some do have high sensitivity. Barriers contributing to poor detection and the treatment gap include need for improved education and support for primary care professionals and lack of confidence of individuals with eating disorders to initiate a discussion with health professionals. The best screening instrument would not overcome either of these barriers.DiscussionWe purport there is an urgent need to improve current screening instruments (not to develop more), particularly those with high sensitivity. These should be being employed alongside programs to both improve primary care professionals' skills in assessment and management of people with eating disorders, and to empower consumers to navigate care pathways.Public Significance StatementWe argue that further screening instruments for eating disorders are not needed. Rather, it is more urgent to have a greater research focus on how to encourage primary care workers to ask about eating and body image and how to best translate that to more individuals with eating disorders being offered treatment. This work needs to be linked with tools that empower consumers to navigate care pathways.
Impact of COVID‐19 pandemic on epilepsy care in Japan: A national‐level multicenter retrospective cohort study
Authors: Kuroda Naoto , Kubota Takafumi , Horinouchi Toru , Ikegaya Naoki , Kitazawa Yu , Kodama Satoshi , Kuramochi Izumi , Matsubara Teppei , Nagino Naoto , Neshige Shuichiro , Soga Temma , Takayama Yutaro , Sone Daichi ,   IMPACT‐J EPILEPSY (In‐depth Multicenter analysis during Pandemic of Covid‐19 Throughout Japan for EPILEPSY practice) study group
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic on epilepsy care across Japan was investigated by conducting a multicenter retrospective cohort study.MethodsThis study included monthly data on the frequency of (1) visits by outpatients with epilepsy, (2) outpatient electroencephalography (EEG) studies, (3) telemedicine for epilepsy, (4) admissions for epilepsy, (5) EEG monitoring, and (6) epilepsy surgery in epilepsy centers and clinics across Japan between January 2019 and December 2020. We defined the primary outcome as epilepsy center‐specific monthly data divided by the 12‐month average in 2019 for each facility. We determined whether the COVID‐19 pandemic‐related factors (such as year [2019 or 2020], COVID‐19 cases in each prefecture in the previous month, and a state of emergency) were independently associated with these outcomes.ResultsIn 2020, the frequency of outpatient EEG studies (−10.7%, P < .001) and cases with telemedicine (+2608%, P = .031) were affected. The number of COVID‐19 cases was an independent associated factor for epilepsy admission (−3.75 × 10−3% per case, P < .001) and EEG monitoring (−3.81 × 10−3% per case, P = .004). Furthermore, a state of emergency was an independent factor associated with outpatient with epilepsy (−11.9%, P < .001), outpatient EEG (−32.3%, P < .001), telemedicine for epilepsy (+12,915%, P < .001), epilepsy admissions (−35.3%; P < .001), EEG monitoring (−24.7%: P < .001), and epilepsy surgery (−50.3%, P < .001).SignificanceWe demonstrated the significant impact that the COVID‐19 pandemic had on epilepsy care. These results support those of previous studies and clarify the effect size of each pandemic‐related factor on epilepsy care.
Comparison of U.S. and Tajik infants' time in containment devices
Authors: Karasik Lana B. , Kuchirko Yana A. , Dodojonova Rano M. , Elison Jed T. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHow infants are held or contained throughout the day shape infants' experiences, particularly around movement and exploration. In Tajikistan, caregivers use ‘gahvora’ cradles, which severely restrict the body and limbs. The present study explored the variability and use of containment devices in U.S. and Tajik infants. Using time diaries, we compared 12‐month‐olds in the U.S. and Tajikistan on the types of containments used and the time spent in them throughout the day. During the day, Tajik infants accumulated more time in gahvoras than infants in the U.S. spent in cribs, primarily used for sleep, suggesting gahvoras served other functions. Given the availability of other devices, U.S. infants' time was distributed in short yet frequent bouts across devices. Accumulated time in these containments matched accumulated time Tajik infants spent in gahvoras. Tajik infants accumulated more unrestricted time on the ground, which was distributed in prolonged bouts, than U.S. infants. Findings highlight differences in infants' everyday experiences during the developmental period when motor skills emerge. By embracing commonalities and exploring differences between cultures, this study offers insights into differences in infants' everyday experiences and opportunities for movement.
Addition of plerixafor in poorly mobilized allogeneic stem cell donors
Authors: Zhuang Lefan , Lauro Deisen , Wang Shirong , Yuan Shan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundPeripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) are the predominant graft source for adult allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). In poorly mobilized autologous donors, plerixafor improves collection outcomes. We examine plerixafor use in allogeneic donors who mobilize poorly with granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF) in those who are healthy and those with pre‐existing medical conditions, and determine the optimal threshold to add plerixafor.Study Design/MethodsWe retrospectively examined all allogeneic PBSC collections from January 2013 to October 2020 at our center. Donors received G‐CSF 10 mcg/kg daily for 4 days before undergoing apheresis collection on day 5. Plerixafor was added based on poor CD34+ cell collection yield after the first or second collection day.ResultsOf the 1008 allogeneic donors, 41 (4.1%) received one dose of plerixafor in addition to G‐CSF due to poor collection yield. After starting plerixafor there was a 0.75‐ to 7.74‐fold (median 2.94) increase in CD34+ yield from the previous day. No donors with G‐CSF‐only mobilization who collected <2.0 × 106 CD34+ cells/kg recipient weight on day one achieved the goal of ≥4.0 × 106 CD34+ cells/kg recipient weight total over 2 days but 59.2% of donors who used rescue plerixafor did.ConclusionDonors both healthy and those with pre‐existing disease responded well to plerixafor with minimal side effects. If the first‐day collection yield is less than ~63% of the collection goal, addition of plerixafor may be necessary to reach the collection goal and limit the number of collection days in allogeneic donors.
HigBA toxin–antitoxin system of Weissella cibaria is involved in response to the bile salt stress
Authors: Cai Ting , Zhao Qiu‐Huan , Xiang Wen‐Liang , Zhu Lin , Rao Yu , Tang Jie 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDToxin–antitoxin (TA) systems are prevalent adaptive genetic elements in bacterial genomes, which can respond to environmental stress. While, few studies have addressed TA systems in probiotics and their roles in the adaptation to gastrointestinal transit (GIT) environments.RESULTSThe Weissella cibaria 018 could survive in pH 3.0–5.0 and 0.5–3.0 g L−1 bile salt, and its HigBA system responded to the bile salt stress, but not to acid stress. The toxin protein HigB and its cognate antitoxin protein HigA had 85.1% and 100% similarity with those of Lactobacillus plantarum, respectively, and they formed the stable tetramer HigB–(HigA)2–HigB structure in W. cibaria 018. When exposed to 1.5–3.0 g L−1 bile salt, the transcriptions of higB and higA were up‐regulated with 4.39–19.29 and 5.94–30.91 folds, respectively. Meanwhile, W. cibaria 018 gathered into a mass with 48.07% survival rate and its persister cells were found to increase 8.21% under 3.0 g L−1 bile salt.CONCLUSIONThe HigBA TA system of W. cibaria 018 responded to the bile salt stress, but not to acid stress, which might offer novel perspectives to understand the tolerant mechanism of probiotics to GIT environment. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Impact of Age on Surgical Outcomes Following Mandible Fracture Repair
Authors: Jin Ryan , Georges Kirolos , Jasti Shravya , Ahsanuddin Salma , Cadwell Joshua B. , Paskhover Boris 
Published: May 2022

ObjectivesOpen repair of mandibular fractures are frequently performed surgical procedures. Increasing rates of such fractures are seen in older adults following falls. This study assesses the impact of older age on early complications following mandible fracture repair.Study DesignRetrospective analysis of national registry.MethodsThe 2013–2018 National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was queried for all cases of open mandible fracture repair and cases were categorized into younger (18–40), middle (41–65), and older (>65) age cohorts. Demographics and comorbidities were compared between the age groups. Rates of surgical, medical, and wound complications within 30‐days of surgery were determined. Multivariable logistic analyses were performed to assess the relationship between age and complications.ResultsAltogether, 1818 cases were included for analysis, of which 1269 (69.8%) were younger, 459 (25.2%) were middle, and 90 (5.0%) were older age. Increased rates of complications were seen in the older groups, including unplanned reoperation, unplanned readmission, wound disruption, and medical complications (p < 0.01). On unadjusted analysis, the older (>65) age group had an increased odds of experiencing a complication compared to the younger (18–40) group (OR: 4.19, p < 0.001). The older age group continued to have a significantly increased odds of medical complications after multivariable adjustment (adjusted OR: 8.64, p < 0.001).ConclusionsOn this analysis of a national database, advanced age was associated with an increased frequency of early postoperative complications following open mandibular fracture repair. Following multivariable adjustment, advanced age continued to be associated with increased odds of postoperative medical complications within 30 days of surgery.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 133:287–293, 2023
Waterproof and Breathable Wound Dressing Composited By Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene Backing and Hydrogel
Authors: Zheng Wen Jiang , Chen Qian , Zou Wei , Fu Zizhuo , Li Yanli , Liu Zhongyuan , Yan Jie , Yang Hu , Yang Fan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWound dressings with waterproof, breathable, and bacterial‐resistant properties are still rarely realized. In this work, a newly hydrogel‐based dressing is designed with a backing of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) film. The ePTFE grafting with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) brush is composited with hydrogel successfully with an adhesion energy of ≈80 kJ m−2. In this resultant composite, the ePTFE backing contributes excellent breathability, water resistance, and bacterial barrier property. The water vapor transmission rate of the composite is 4.83 × 103 g m−2 × 24 h, which can maintain the moist environment of wound and relieve pain by evaporating water. Notably, it can withstand 500 mm water column for over 300 s, which is obviously better than the commonly used nonwoven fabric backing materials. It can also prevent the invasion of bacteria, because the pores of ePTFE backing are smaller than those of most common bacterial. As a result, the composite with an ePTFE film backing has a positive effect in accelerating wound healing, promoting the reconstruction of intact epidermis and reducing inflammation.
Physical Properties of Isotactic Polypropylene Blended with Less Crystalline Polypropylene
Authors: Wada Toru , Kitabayashi Ibuki , Chammingkwan Patchanee , Taniike Toshiaki 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe physical properties of polymeric materials, which are mixtures of various molecules, are determined by the sum of their contributions. Industrially important isotactic polypropylene (iPP), which is produced using heterogeneous Ziegler–Natta catalysts, shows broader distributions of molecular weight and stereoregularity because of the multisite nature, compared to molecular catalysts. However, systematic studies on the effects of these distributions on physical properties are lacking, especially for variations in stereoregularity. In this study, polypropylene (PP) additives with various molecular weights and stereoregularities (and their distributions) are added to an iPP matrix to clarify the effects of low‐concentration components on the overall physical properties. The results indicate the importance of incorporating the PP additives into the crystal structure of the iPP matrix.
A class of block alternating splitting implicit iteration methods for double saddle point linear systems
Authors: Dou Yan , Liang Zhao‐Zheng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn the framework of a special block alternating splitting implicit (BASI) iteration scheme for generalized saddle point problems, we establish some new iteration methods for solving double saddle point problems by means of a suitable partitioning strategy. Convergence analysis of the corresponding BASI iteration methods indicates that they are convergent unconditionally under certain weak requirements for the related matrix splittings, which are satisfied directly for our specific application to double saddle point problems. Numerical examples for liquid crystal director and time‐harmonic eddy current models are presented to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed BASI preconditioners to accelerate the GMRES method.
Effects of nickel shell microcapsules and short fibers on polyamide 6‐matrix composites: Thermal, surface wetting, mechanical, and tribological properties
Authors: Zhang Wenli , Qi Xiaowen , Yan Xiaocui , Dong Yu , Liu Changxin , Fan Bingli 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe excellent lubricating properties of microcapsules have been well recognized in modified polymers though very few reports have mentioned the practical application for engineering parts. In this study, different short fibers and nickel shell microcapsules (NMS) synergistically modify PA6 and injection molded to prepare bearings. With 10 wt% NMS, the COF could be reduced from 0.45 to 0.1. Fibers can effectively overcome bearing failure resulting from crushing the matrix under high loads or rapid peeling wear at high swing frequencies, which can warrant the effective lubrication of NMS and the formation of high‐quality transfer film. The bearing long‐life test shows very stable and low COF and wear with the feasibility to utilize microcapsules modified polymers in journal bearings.
Proteomic analysis of the IPF mesenchymal progenitor cell nuclear proteome identifies abnormalities in key nodal proteins that underlie their fibrogenic phenotype
Authors: Yang Libang , Gilbertsen Adam , Smith Karen , Xia Hong , Higgins LeeAnn , Guerrero Candace , Henke Craig A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIPF is a progressive fibrotic lung disease whose pathogenesis remains incompletely understood. We have previously discovered pathologic mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs) in the lungs of IPF patients. IPF MPCs display a distinct transcriptome and create sustained interstitial fibrosis in immune deficient mice. However, the precise pathologic alterations responsible for this fibrotic phenotype remain to be uncovered. Quantitative mass spectrometry and interactomics is a powerful tool that can define protein alterations in specific subcellular compartments that can be implemented to understand disease pathogenesis. We employed quantitative mass spectrometry and interactomics to define protein alterations in the nuclear compartment of IPF MPCs compared to control MPCs. We identified increased nuclear levels of PARP1, CDK1, and BACH1. Interactomics implicated PARP1, CDK1, and BACH1 as key hub proteins in the DNA damage/repair, differentiation, and apoptosis signaling pathways respectively. Loss of function and inhibitor studies demonstrated important roles for PARP1 in DNA damage/repair, CDK1 in regulating IPF MPC stemness and self‐renewal, and BACH1 in regulating IPF MPC viability. Our quantitative mass spectrometry studies combined with interactomic analysis uncovered key roles for nuclear PARP1, CDK1, and BACH1 in regulating IPF MPC fibrogenicity.
Cardioprotective effects of gypenoside XVII against ischemia/reperfusion injury: Role of endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy, and mitochondrial fusion fission balance
Authors: Su Shijia , Wang Jiarui , Wang Jing , Yu Ruili , Sun Likang , Zhang Yue , Song Lei , Pu Weiling , Tang Yi , Yu Yingli , Zhou Kun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGypenoside XVII (GP‐17), a tetracyclic triterpene saponin isolated from the functional food Gynostemma pentaphyllum, has been demonstrated protective effects against cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases on multiple disease models. In this study, we established a myocardial infarction (MI) model by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery, and explored whether GP‐17 prevent myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injuries in mice. Compared with the I/R group, GP‐17 significantly improved the cardiac function, reduced the MI, decreased myocardial pathology, activated superoxide dismutase and catalase, and reduced the content of lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, malondialdehyde, and inflammatory factor. The proteomic analysis showed multiple differential proteins between the GP‐17 and I/R groups enriched in endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. Western‐Blot showed that GP‐17 significantly decreased the expression of GRP78, ATF6, CHOP, and phosphorylation of PERK, indicating the inhibition of ERS. GP‐17 inhibited the expression of ATG5, LC3A/B, and BAX, illustrating the suppression of autophagy and apoptosis. Moreover, both GP‐17 and 4‐PBA could improve the downregulated Mfn2, meaning that inhibition of ERS regulated the mitochondrial fusion fission balance, thus protected the function of mitochondria. In conclusion, we found that GP‐17 prevented against myocardial I/R injury by inhibit ERS‐induced cell apoptosis, autophagy, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial division.
Genetics of Fusarium head blight resistance in soft red winter wheat using a genome‐wide association study
Authors: Ghimire Bikash , Mergoum Mohamed , Martinez‐Espinoza Alfredo D. , Sapkota Suraj , Pradhan Sumit , Babar Md Ali , Bai Guihua , Dong Yanhong , Buck James W. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHost resistance is an effective and sustainable approach to manage the negative impact of Fusarium head blight (FHB) on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain yield and quality. The objective of this study was to characterize the phenotypic responses and identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) conditioning different FHB resistance types using a panel of 236 elite soft red winter wheat (SRWW) lines in a genome‐wide association study (GWAS). The panel was phenotyped for five FHB and three morphological traits under two field and two greenhouse environments in 2018–2019 and 2019–2020. We identified 160 significant marker–trait associations (MTAs) for FHB traits and 11 MTAs for plant height. Eleven QTL showed major effects and explained >10% phenotypic variation (PV) for FHB resistance. Among these major loci, three QTL were stable and five QTL exhibited a pleiotropic effect. The QTL QFhb‐3BL, QFhb‐5AS, QFhb‐5BL, QFhb‐7AS.1, QFhb‐7AS.2, and QFhb‐7BS are presumed to be novel. Pyramiding multiple resistance alleles from all the major‐effect QTL resulted in a significant reduction in FHB incidence, severity, index, deoxynivalenol (DON), and Fusarium‐damaged kernel (FDK) by 17, 43, 45, 55, and 25%, respectively. Further validation of these QTL could potentially facilitate successful introgression of these resistance loci in new cultivars for improved FHB resistance in breeding programs.
Ultrasound diagnosis and medical management of presumed segmental ureteritis in a cat
Authors: Vitello Giuseppe , Bacon Jessica , Earley Naomi F. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis case report describes successful medical management of presumed segmental ureteritis in a 10‐year‐old, male, neutered, domestic shorthair cat. The cat presented for acute onset of lethargy, weight loss and a heart murmur. Abdominal palpation revealed renal asymmetry. Urinalysis and culture identified haematuria, struvite crystalluria and Proteus mirabilis infection. Abdominal ultrasound showed right hydronephrosis, right hydroureter and a focal right ureteral mass. Successful resolution of the right hydronephrosis, hydroureter and ureteral mass was achieved with antimicrobial therapy alone. Medical management may be an alternative, less invasive treatment to surgery for presumed feline segmental ureteritis.
Transnational Events and National Health Reform: The Latin American Medical Congresses and the Legitimisation of Public Health Reforms in Chile and Uruguay in the Early Twentieth Century
Authors: González de Reufels Delia , Huhle Teresa 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis historical analysis focusses on the first four Latin American Medical Congresses (1901–1909) as transnational marketplaces for ideas and concepts and assesses their importance for the configuration of public health policies in Latin America. As a highly influential epistemic community, the medical profession loomed large at a time when the Latin American states were still in the process of formation. The agency of doctors ensured that these events gave impulses to national reform agendas. In this context two mechanisms played an important role: competitive cooperation and legitimisation. Both were highly influential as will be shown for Chile and Uruguay using conference proceedings, medical journals, memoirs and other contributions to the contemporary debate, including selected regulatory papers and laws.
The Politics of Universal Health Coverage: Mechanisms in the Process of Healthcare Reform in Bolivia
Authors: Sirén Sebastian 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis chapter explores the mechanisms shaping the progress towards universal health coverage in Bolivia. By investigating this process, unfolding in the context of a health care system characterised by fragmentation, segmentation and low coverage; increasingly challenged as democratisation and popular mobilisation brings the demands of previously excluded groups onto the political agenda; the study casts light on mechanisms that are also of broader relevance for the comparative literature on the politics of social protection in the Global South. The analyses highlight expert theorisation, class-based mobilisation, social movement–state interaction, alarmed middle classes, provider resistance and professional autonomy as the main mechanisms responsible for driving, impeding and shaping the progress towards universal social protection.