bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Studying Regeneration in Ascidians: An Historical Overview
Authors: Vanni Virginia , Ballarin Loriano , Gasparini Fabio , Peronato Anna , Manni Lucia 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAscidians are sessile tunicates, that is, marine animals belonging to the phylum Chordata and considered the sister group of vertebrates. They are widespread in all the seas, constituting abundant communities in various ecosystems. Among chordates, only tunicates are able to reproduce asexually, forming colonies. The high regenerative potentialities enabling tunicates to regenerate damaged body parts, or the whole body, represent a peculiarity of this taxon. Here we review the methodological approaches used in more than a century of biological studies to induce regeneration in both solitary and colonial species. For solitary species, we refer to the regeneration of single organs or body parts (e.g., siphon, brain, gonad, tunic, viscera). For colonial species, we review a plethora of experiments regarding the surgical manipulation of colonies, the regeneration of isolated colonial entities, such as single buds in the tunic, or part of tunic and its circulatory system.
Studying Stem Cell Biology in Intact and Whole-Body Regenerating Hydra by Flow Cytometry
Authors: Buzgariu Wanda , Aubry-Lachainaye Jean-Pierre , Galliot Brigitte 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe freshwater Hydra polyp is a versatile model to study whole-body regeneration from a developmental as well as a cellular point of view. The outstanding regenerative capacities of Hydra are based on its three populations of adult stem cells located in the central body column of the animal. There, these three populations, gastrodermal epithelial, epidermal epithelial, and interstitial, continuously cycle in homeostatic conditions, and their activity is locally regulated after mid-gastric bisection. Moreover, they present an unusual cycling behavior with a short G1 phase and a pausing in G2. This particular cell cycle has been studied for a long time with classical microscopic methods. We describe here two flow cytometry methods that provide accurate and reproducible quantitative data to monitor cell cycle regulation in homeostatic and regenerative contexts. We also present a cell sorting procedure based on flow cytometry, whereby stem cells expressing a fluorescent reporter protein in transgenic lines can be enriched for use in applications such as transcriptomic, proteomic, or cell cycle analysis.
Noninvasive Intravascular Microtransfusion in Colonial Tunicates
Authors: Serrato Lluìs Albert Matas , Bilella Alessandro , Blanchoud Simon 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTunicates are a diverse group of worldwide marine filter-feeders that are vertebrates’ closest invertebrate relatives. Colonial tunicates are the only know chordates that have been shown to undergo whole-body regeneration (WBR). Botrylloides in particular can regenerate one fully functional adult from a minute fragment of their vascular system in as little as 10 days. This regenerative process relies on the proliferation of circulating stem cells, likely supported by the activity of some of the 11 identified types of hemocytes. To study and challenge WBR, it is thus important to have the capacity to isolate, analyze, and manipulate hemolymph in regenerating colonies. Here we present a microtransfusion technique that permits the collection of pure hemocytes, the quantification of their purity, their labeling, and reinjection into colonial tunicates. To exemplify our approach, we present in addition a protocol to analyze the isolated hemocytes using flow cytometry. Our approach is minimally invasive, does not induce lethality, and therefore allows repeated transfusion into exactly the same colony with minimal disruption to the process being studied.
Manipulation of Gene Activity in the Regenerative Model Sea Anemone, Nematostella vectensis
Authors: Hill Eric M. , Chen Cheng-Yi , del Viso Florencia , Ellington Lacey R. , He Shuonan , Karabulut Ahmet , Paulson Ariel , Gibson Matthew C. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWith a surprisingly complex genome and an ever-expanding genetic toolkit, the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis has become a powerful model system for the study of both development and whole-body regeneration. Here we provide the most current protocols for short-hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated gene knockdown and CRISPR/Cas9-targeted mutagenesis in this system. We further show that a simple Klenow reaction followed by in vitro transcription allows for the production of gene-specific shRNAs and single guide RNAs (sgRNAs) in a fast, affordable, and readily scalable manner. Together, shRNAknockdown and CRISPR/Cas9-targeted mutagenesis allow for rapid screens of gene function as well as the production of stable mutant lines that enable functional genetic analysis throughout the Nematostella life cycle.
Single-Cell Transcriptomic Analysis in the Regenerating Cnidarian Nematostella vectensis
Authors: Plessier Flora , Schmutz Sandrine , Novault Sophie , Marlow Heather 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCnidarians have historically served as excellent laboratory models for regenerative development given their capacity to regrow large portions of the adult organism. This capacity is notably absent or poorly developed in the powerful genetic laboratory models Drosophila, C. elegans, and mouse. Increasingly, development of genetic and genomic resources and the application of next-generation sequencing-based techniques in cnidarian systems has further expanded the potential of cnidarian regenerative models. Here, we present a workflow for the characterization of the regenerative response in the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis utilizing fluorescence-activated cell sorting and a plate-based single-cell RNA-sequencing pipeline. This approach can characterize the transcriptional response during regeneration in distinct populations of cells, thus providing a quantitative view of a whole organism process at cellular resolution.
Characterization of Soluble Cell-Free Coelomic Fluid Proteome from the Starfish Marthasterias glacialis
Authors: Gomes Laidson Paes , Gouveia e Silva Catarina , Gaillard Jean-Charles , Armengaud Jean , Coelho Ana Varela 
Published: March 2022

AbstractProteomics combined to advanced bioinformatics tools is acquiring a pivotal role in the comprehensive understanding of living organism’s biology, in particular for non-model organisms, which includes most marine and aquatic invertebrates. Depicting of protein composition in a whole organ/organism followed by their assembling in functional protein association networks promotes the understanding of key biological processes. Here, we provide a detailed description of the extraction procedure of cell-free coelomic fluid soluble proteins and the characterization of the proteome of the starfish Marthasterias glacialis. Due to coelomic fluid richness in glycoproteins, which complicates protein identification, extracts of soluble proteins are deglycosylated prior to tandem mass spectrometry. This experimental approach is useful at improving knowledge on the coelomic fluid physiological role and deciphering its involvement in regeneration of starfish body parts when comparing different regeneration conditions.
Combining RNAi-Mediated β-Catenin Inhibition and Reaggregation to Study Hydra Whole-Body Regeneration
Authors: Vogg Matthias Christian , Galliot Brigitte 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn addition to its ability to regenerate any amputated body part, the Hydra freshwater polyp shows the amazing ability to regenerate as a full polyp after a complete dissociation of its tissues. The developmental processes at work in reaggregates undergoing whole-body regeneration can be investigated at the molecular level by RNA interference (RNAi). Here we provide a protocol that combines β-catenin RNAi with reaggregation. This protocol serves as a basis to generate “RNAi-reaggregates,” followed by the extraction of high-quality RNA for the precise quantification of gene expression by real-time PCR. This protocol is efficient, providing both a molecular signature, with the significant downregulation of β-catenin and Wnt3, as well as a robust phenotype, the lack of axis formation, which is observed in all reaggregates.
Studying Ctenophora WBR Using Mnemiopsis leidyi
Authors: Ramon-Mateu Julia , Edgar Allison , Mitchell Dorothy , Martindale Mark Q. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCtenophores, also known as comb jellies, are a clade of fragile holopelagic, carnivorous marine invertebrates, that represent one of the most ancient extant groups of multicellular animals. Ctenophores show a remarkable ability to regenerate in the adult form, being capable of replacing all body parts (i.e., whole-body regeneration) after loss/amputation. With many favorable experimental features (optical clarity, stereotyped cell lineage, multiple cell types), a full genome sequence available and their early branching phylogenetic position, ctenophores are well placed to provide information about the evolution of regenerative ability throughout the Metazoa. Here, we provide a collection of detailed protocols for use of the lobate ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi to study whole-body regeneration, including specimen collection, husbandry, surgical manipulation, and imaging techniques.
Studying Placozoa WBR in the Simplest Metazoan Animal, Trichoplax adhaerens
Authors: Osigus Hans-Jürgen , Eitel Michael , Horn Karolin , Kamm Kai , Kosubek-Langer Jennifer , Schmidt Moritz Jonathan , Hadrys Heike , Schierwater Bernd 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPlacozoans are a promising model system to study fundamental regeneration processes in a morphologically and genetically very simple animal. We here provide a brief introduction to the enigmatic Placozoa and summarize the state of the art of animal handling and experimental manipulation possibilities.
Collecting and Culturing Bryozoans for Regenerative Studies
Authors: Smith Abigail M. , Batson Peter B. , Achilleos Katerina , Tamberg Yuta 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAmong marine invertebrates, bryozoans are small, not well known, and complex to identify. Nevertheless, they offer unique opportunities for whole-body generation research, because of their colonial, modular mode of growth. Here, we describe detailed methods for collection of bryozoans from a range of environments, sample preparation and identification, culture and feeding, spawning and breeding, marking colonies for growth studies, and histological preparation.
Volunteer Work from an International Perspective
Authors: Güntert Stefan T. , Wehner Theo , Mieg Harald A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThose who volunteer do so for individual motives. A particular volunteering activity may be undertaken for a range of individual motives. At the same time, some motives are more important for commitment than others if we compare one and the same volunteer activity and volunteers with the same socio-demographic background across countries. How can this be explained? In this chapter, we will look at societal factors that can influence individual motives for volunteering.
Die dispositive Konstruktion multimodaler Wirklichkeit
Authors: Egbert Simon 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungNachdem in dem vorangegangenen Kapitel vorgestellt wurde, dass und in welcher Form Diskurse als multimodale Einheiten der Wissenskreation und -zirkulation zu verstehen sind und welche wirkmächtige Rolle technische Artefakte dabei spielen (können), wird nun dargelegt, wie dies konzeptuell umgesetzt werden kann. Zu diesem Zweck wird vorgeschlagen, den Foucault’schen Begriff des Dispositivs zu nutzen und für die empirische Analyse multimodalen Diskurszusammenhänge fruchtbar zu machen.
Color-octet contributions for J/ψ inclusive production at B factories in soft gluon factorization
Authors: Chen An-Ping , Jin Xiao-Bo , Ma Yan-Qing , Meng Ce 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We have studied color-octet contributions for J/ψ inclusive production at B factories, i.e., e+e− → J/ψ(3$$ {P}_J^{\left[8\right]} $$

P
J

8

,1$$ {S}_0^{\left[8\right]} $$

S
0

8

) + $$ {X}_{\mathrm{non}-c\overline{c}} $$

X

non
−
c

c
¯

, using the soft gluon factorization (SGF) approach, in which the J/ψ energy spectrum is expressed in a form of perturbatively calculable short-distance hard parts convoluted with one-dimensional soft gluon distributions (SGDs). The series of velocity corrections originated from kinematic effect can be naturally resummed in this approach. Short-distance hard parts have been calculated analytically to next-to-leading order in αs. Renormalization group equations for SGDs have been derived and solved, which resums Sudakov logarithms originated from soft gluon emissions. Our final result gives a upper bound for color-octet matrix elements consistent with that extracted from hadron colliders. This may relieve the well-known universality problem in the NRQCD factorization.As a comparison, we also analytically calculated short-distance hard parts in the NRQCD factorization, with Sudakov logarithms resummed by using soft collinear effective theory. The comparison shows that velocity corrections from kinematic effect, which have been resummed in SGF, are significant for phenomenological study. Furthermore, it is found that Sudakov logarithms originated from soft gluon emissions are very important, while it is not the case for Sudakov logarithms originated from jet function. Therefore, the partial Sudakov resummation in SGF has already captured the main physics.
A Method for Estimating the Rheological Properties of Fractured Rock Inside a Shear Zone
Authors: Chen Zuan , Li Xian , Huang Xiaoge , Jin Zhihe 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the creep properties of fractured rock in a shear zone. We consider a cube rock model which consists of the rock matrix and cracks. A finite element method with discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) is used to simulate the creep response of the fractured rock sample. The DDA is used to describe the interactions among the contacting blocks at their interfaces (cracks). In all numerical simulations of the creep test, the strain rates are those typical values corresponding to effective viscosities of 1017–1019 Pa s, similar to that obtained from geophysical observations in a shear zone. The effects of temperature, confining pressure, crack length and tilt on the creep responses are examined using the simulation results. The numerical results indicate that our method is a useful tool for simulating creep deformation of fractured rock. The present study represents an effort to use a numerical method to simulate the rheological properties of fractured rock in the field of micro-geodynamics.
Primäre synoviale Chondromatose
Authors: Riechelmann F. , Hackl W. , Schmitz K. , Henninger B. , Keiler A. 
Published: March 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die primäre synoviale Chondromatose (SC) ist eine seltene Erkrankung der Synovialmembran unklarer Ätiologie. Der aktuelle Wissensstand zu dieser Erkrankung soll in einer kurzen Übersicht dargestellt werden.

Methoden
Übersichtsarbeiten und rezente Fallberichte zur SC wurden systematisch ausgewertet und mit Daten eigener Fälle in Kontext gesetzt.

Ergebnisse
Auf Grund neuer genomischer Daten wird die SC als benigne Neoplasie eingestuft. In 60 % der Fälle liegen Mutationen im Fibronektin-1-Gen (FN1) und/oder im Gen für den Activin-A-Typ-II-Rezeptor (ACVR2A) vor. Diagnoseweisend ist die Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT) und die meist arthroskopische Biopsie der Synovia. An einem Fallbeispiel soll gezeigt werden, dass die Knorpelaggregate der SC radiologisch nicht immer schattengebend sein müssen. Differenzialdiagnostisch kommen Monarthritiden anderer Ursachen, andere Gelenk- und Muskelerkrankungen mit Mineralisierung sowie weitere von der Synovialmembran ausgehende Erkrankungen in Betracht. Die Entartungsrate liegt bei 2–4 %. Therapeutisch hat sich in den letzten Jahren das arthroskopische Vorgehen durchgesetzt, das an die Ausdehnung der Erkrankung adaptiert wird.

Schlussfolgerung
Genomische Untersuchungen sowie Fallserien und Fallberichte aus jüngerer Zeit werfen ein neues Licht auf die SC. Therapeutisch wird in jüngeren Arbeiten überwiegend arthroskopisch vorgegangen.
Elucidating the Effects of Combined Treatments of Salicylic Acid and l-Proline on Greenhouse-Grown Cucumber Under Saline Drip Irrigation
Authors: Mugwanya Muziri , Kimera Fahad , Dawood Mahmoud , Sewilam Hani 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSalinity is one of the major abiotic stress factors that threaten crop development and sustainable food production. As a mitigation strategy, several plant growth regulators and osmoprotectants have been applied to ameliorate the negative effects of salinity stress in plants. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the effect of foliar applications of different concentrations of salicylic acid and proline on the growth, yield, fruit quality, and nutritional composition of cucumber crops grown under saline conditions. The three main irrigation salinity variations included electrical conductivity (EC) of 0.5 dS/m (control), EC 6.0 dS/m, and EC 12.0 dS/m. Foliar spray treatments were as follows: T1 (distilled water), T2 (1.0 mM salicylic acid), T3 (1.0 mM salicylic acid + 5.0 mM proline), and T4 (1.0 mM salicylic acid + 10 mM proline). Our results showed that foliar application of salicylic acid alone or in combination with proline under non-saline conditions improved the growth and yield of cucumber, with T4 recording the highest values. Irrigating plants with saline water (EC 6.0 and 12.0 dS/m) severely compromised cucumber's growth performance and yield, with the lowest values recorded at EC 12.0 dS/m. However, under EC 6.0 dS/m, T2 and T3 slightly ameliorated salinity stress effects regarding fruit yield, for T2, and nutritive composition of fruits, for T2 and T3. Overall, this study demonstrated that cucumber (Cucumis sativa L.) could tolerate irrigation salinity levels of up to EC 6.0 dS/m without significant detrimental effects on the growth performance, yield, and nutritional composition of fruits.
Steigt die Prävalenz der rheumatoiden Arthritis wirklich an?
Authors: Albrecht Katinka , Callhoff Johanna , Strangfeld Anja 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungImmer mehr Auswertungen von Krankenkassendaten zeigen einen Anstieg der Prävalenz der rheumatoiden Arthritis (RA) in Deutschland. Die Studien beziehen sich auf die Abrechnungsdiagnose einer RA, die in Krankenkassendaten in den letzten Jahren im Vergleich zu früheren Zeiträumen häufiger zu finden ist. Je nach Falldefinition variieren die Zahlen zwischen 0,6% und 1,4% der erwachsenen Bevölkerung. In dieser Arbeit werden die verschiedenen Studien hinsichtlich der Datenquellen, der Falldefinitionen einer RA und der Diagnosehäufigkeit beleuchtet. Aufgrund der fehlenden klinischen Validierung lässt sich die Prävalenz anhand von Abrechnungsdaten nicht präzise bestimmen.
Robust hybrid/mixed finite elements for rubber-like materials under severe compression
Authors: Schönherr Josef Arthur , Schneider Patrick , Mittelstedt Christian 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA new family of hybrid/mixed finite elements optimized for numerical stability is introduced. It comprises a linear hexahedral and quadratic hexahedral and tetrahedral elements. The element formulation is derived from a consistent linearization of a well-known three-field functional and related to Simo–Taylor–Pister () elements. For the quadratic hexahedral and tetrahedral elements we derive (static reduced) discontinuous hybrid elements, as well as continuous mixed finite elements with additional primary unknowns for the hydrostatic pressure and the dilation, whereas the linear hexahedral element is of the discontinuous type. The elements can readily be used in combination with any isotropic, invariant-based hyperelastic material model and can be considered as being locking-free. In a representative numerical benchmark test the elements numerical stability is assessed and compared to -elements and the family of discontinuous hybrid elements implemented in the commercial finite element code Abaqus/Standard. The new elements show a significant advantage concerning the numerical robustness.
Spatio temporal hydrological extreme forecasting framework using LSTM deep learning model
Authors: Anshuka Anshuka , Chandra Rohitash , Buzacott Alexander J. V. , Sanderson David , van Ogtrop Floris F. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHydrological extremes occupy a large spatial extent, with a temporal sequence, both of which can be influenced by a range of climatological and geographical phenomena. Understanding the key information in the spatial and temporal domain is essential to make accurate forecasts. The capabilities of deep learning methods can be applied in such instances due to their enhanced ability in learning complex relationships. Given its success in other domains, this study presents a framework that features a long short-term memory deep learning model for spatio temporal hydrological extreme forecasting in the South Pacific region. The data consists of satellite rainfall estimates and sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies. We use the satellite rainfall estimate to calculate the effective drought index (EDI), an indicator of hydrological extreme events. The framework is developed to forecast monthly EDI using three different approaches: (i) univariate (ii) multivariate with neighbouring spatial points (iii) multivariate with neighbouring spatial points and the eigenvector values of SST. Additionally, better identification of extreme wet events is noted with the inclusion of the eigenvector values of SST. By establishing the framework for the multivariate approach in two forms, it is evident that the model accuracy is contingent on understanding the dominant feature which influences precipitation regimes in the Pacific. The framework can be used to better understand linear and non-linear relationships within multi-dimensional data in other study regions, and provide long-term climate outlooks.
Spatial influence on the distribution of downhill skiers in Sweden
Authors: Falk Martin , Hagsten Eva , Lin Xiang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This study investigates empirically how natural snow depth affects the number of downhill skiers. Data include the number of skier visits for the 32 largest ski resorts in Sweden from the 1998/1999 to the 2018/2019 seasons. Results of spatial dynamic estimations show that an increase in natural snow depth in the ski area has a significant negative impact on the number of skier visits in the short term, although the magnitude is small. This implies that a snow deficit leads to increased demand for downhill skiing both directly and indirectly (in the neighbouring areas). The variable snow depth in the neighbouring ski areas is not significantly different from zero, indicating that no spatial substitution takes place. There is, however, a strong positive relationship between skier visits to neighbouring areas, revealing that ski resorts are complements rather than substitutes. The long-term influence of snow depth is not significant, implying that the ski business is independent of variations in snow depth. Instead, the number of skier visits is mainly determined by past visits, revealing a high degree of persistence.