bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drug therapy problems and predicting factors among ambulatory epileptic patients in Jimma Medical Center, Southwest Ethiopia
Authors: Beyene Yadeta Babu , Daba Fekede Bekele , Goro Kabaye Kumela , Senbeta Birbirsa Sefera 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundThe care of epileptic patients is complicated by the cognitive adverse effect of the drug, disease, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics properties of antiepileptic drugs which in turn intensify the risk of drug therapy problems among epileptic patients.ObjectiveTo assess drug therapy problems and predicting factors among ambulatory epileptic patients at Jimma University Medical Center, Southwest Ethiopia, from September 2020 to May 2021.MethodologyA hospital-based prospective observational study was conducted. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data from patients as well as from charts. Drug therapy problems were identified using Cipolle’s, Morley, and Strand drug therapy problem identification and classification method. Data were entered into Epi data manager version 4.6 and exported to statistical software package for social science version 23.0 for analysis. Multiplestepwise backward logistic regression analysis was carried out to identify predictors of drug therapy problems. The 95% CI was used to show an association between the dependent and independent variables. P-value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.ResultsOf the total 320 epileptic patients 224(70.0%) patients had at least one drug therapy problem. A total of 395 drug therapy problems were identified among two hundred twenty-four patients with an average of 1.2 drug therapy problems per patient. The frequently identified drug therapy problems were non-compliance 115(29.11), adverse drug reaction 110(27.84%), and dose too low 103(26%). Getting of a drug by purchasing [AOR = 4.6,95%CI:(2.05–10.7)], poorly involvement of the patients in therapeutic decision making [AOR = 3.02,95%CI:(1.5–6.06)], the number of medications ≥ two [AOR = 5.3,95%CI:(1.2–22.9)] and having had uncontrolled seizure [AOR = 10.9,95%CI:(4.9–24.2)] were independent predictors of drug therapy problems.ConclusionsDrug therapy problems were common among epileptic patients in the study area. Patients who were getting their drugs by purchasing, poorly involved in therapeutic decision making, having had an uncontrolled seizure, and taking two and above drugs were more likely to experience drug therapy problems. Therefore, due attention should be given to patients with the aforementioned problems to decrease the occurrence of drug therapy problems and improve overall outcomes among epileptic patients.
Intergovernmental policy opportunities for childhood obesity prevention in Australia: Perspectives from senior officials
Authors: Esdaile Emma K. , Rissel Chris , Baur Louise A. , Wen Li Ming , Gillespie James 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundEarly childhood (from conception to five years) is a key life stage for interventions to prevent obesity. In the Australian Federation, policy responsibility for obesity prevention sits across all levels of government and several intergovernmental institutions, rendering a complicated policy space. There is a gap in our understanding of the role of intergovernmentalism in developing obesity prevention policy in Australia. Given the complexity of intergovernmental structures and initiatives influencing childhood obesity prevention policy, it is important to understand the perspectives of senior health officials within the bureaucracy of government who through their roles may be able to influence processes or new strategies.MethodsDocument analysis relating to obesity prevention in the intergovernmental context provided material support to the study. This analysis informed the interview guides for nine interviews with ten senior health department officials (one interview per jurisdiction).FindingsSeveral opportunities exist to support nutrition and obesity prevention in early childhood including marketing regulation (discretionary choices, breastmilk substitutes, commercial complementary foods and ‘toddler milks’) and supporting the early childhood education and care sector. This study found a widening structural gap to support national obesity policy in Australia. New public management strategies limit the ability of intergovernmental institutions to support coordination within and between governments to address complex issues such as obesity. Subnational informants perceived a gap in national leadership for obesity prevention, while a Commonwealth informant noted the commitment of the national government to partner with industry under a self-regulation model. In this gap, subnational leaders have pursued nationally consistent action to address obesity, including the development of a national obesity strategy as a bipartisan endeavour across jurisdictions. Public officials calculate the strategic possibilities of pursuing opportunities within state agendas but note the limited chances of structural change in the absence of national leadership and funding.
Epidemiological characteristics, routine laboratory diagnosis, clinical signs and risk factors for hand, -foot -and -mouth disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yi Zhijie , Pei Shujun , Suo Wenshuai , Wang Xiaoyang , Huang Zengyuan , Yi Aihua , Wang Bohao , He Zhiquan , Wang Ruolin , Li Yi , Fan Wei , Huang Xueyong 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundFor the past few years, only a few monovalent EV71 vaccines have been developed, while other enterovirus vaccines are in short supply. We conducted a quantitative meta-analysis to explore the epidemiological characteristics, routine laboratory diagnosis, clinical signs and risk factors for hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD).MethodsPubMed, Embase and the Web of Science were searched for eligible reports published before April 16, 2021, with no publication time or language restrictions. The primary outcome was the odds ratio of the epidemiological characteristics, routine laboratory diagnosis, and clinical signs associated with HFMD severity and death.ResultsAfter screening 10522 records, we included 32 articles comprising 781903 cases of hand, foot and mouth disease. Patients with severe illness developed some clinical signs (hypersomnia (OR = 21.97, 95% CI: 4.13 to 116.74), convulsion (OR = 16.18, 95% CI: 5.30 to 49.39), limb shaking (OR = 47.96, 95% CI: 15.17 to 151.67), and breathlessness (OR = 7.48, 95% CI: 1.90 to 29.40)) and had some changes in laboratory parameters (interleukin-6 levels standardized mean difference (SMD) = 1.57, 95%CI: 0.55 to 2.60), an increased neutrophils ratio (SMD = 0.55, 95%CI: 0.17 to 0.93), cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4+) (SMD = -1.38, 95%CI: -2.33 to -0.43) and a reduced lymphocytes ratio (SMD = -0.48, 95%CI: -0.93 to -0.33)) compared with patients with mild illness. The risk factors for death included cyanosis (OR = 5.82, 95% CI: 2.29 to 14.81), a fast heart rate (OR = 3.22, 95% CI: 1.65 to 6.30), vomiting (OR = 2.70, 95% CI: 1.33 to 5.49) and an increased WBC count (SMD = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.27 to 0.93).ConclusionsChina has the highest incidence of HFMD. Our meta-analyses revealed important risk factors that are associated with the severity and mortality of HFMD.
Durability of mRNA-1273 against COVID-19 in the time of Delta: Interim results from an observational cohort study
Authors: Florea Ana , Sy Lina S. , Luo Yi , Qian Lei , Bruxvoort Katia J. , Ackerson Bradley K. , Lee Gina S. , Ku Jennifer H. , Tubert Julia E. , Tian Yun , Talarico Carla A. , Tseng Hung Fu 
Published: April 2022

Background
We conducted a prospective cohort study at Kaiser Permanente Southern California to study the vaccine effectiveness (VE) of mRNA-1273 over time and during the emergence of the Delta variant.

Methods
The cohort for this planned interim analysis consisted of individuals aged ≥18 years receiving 2 doses of mRNA-1273 through June 2021, matched 1:1 to randomly selected unvaccinated individuals by age, sex, and race/ethnicity, with follow-up through September 2021. Outcomes were SARS-CoV-2 infection, and COVID-19 hospitalization and hospital death. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) comparing outcomes in the vaccinated and unvaccinated groups. Adjusted VE (%) was calculated as (1-aHR)x100. HRs and VEs were also estimated for SARS-CoV-2 infection by age, sex, race/ethnicity, and during the Delta period (June-September 2021). VE against SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 hospitalization was estimated at 0-<2, 2-<4, 4-<6, and 6-<8 months post-vaccination.

Results
927,004 recipients of 2 doses of mRNA-1273 were matched to 927,004 unvaccinated individuals. VE (95% CI) was 82.8% (82.2–83.3%) against SARS-CoV-2 infection, 96.1% (95.5–96.6%) against COVID-19 hospitalization, and 97.2% (94.8–98.4%) against COVID-19 hospital death. VE against SARS-CoV-2 infection was similar by age, sex, and race/ethnicity, and was 86.5% (84.8–88.0%) during the Delta period. VE against SARS-CoV-2 infection decreased from 88.0% at 0-<2 months to 75.5% at 6-<8 months.

Conclusions
These interim results provide continued evidence for protection of 2 doses of mRNA-1273 against SARS-CoV-2 infection over 8 months post-vaccination and during the Delta period, and against COVID-19 hospitalization and hospital death.
Pesquisas sobre Atitudes Ambientais no campo da Educação em Ciências:
Authors: De Almeida Barbosa Renan , Lima Robaina José Vicente 
Published: April 2022

O processo educativo é essencial na formação para o enfrentamento da crise socioambiental, proporcionando momentos de aquisição de conhecimento de maneira ativa, autônoma, reflexiva e coletiva, para o desenvolvimento de atitudes pró-ambientais. O presente artigo teve como objetivo realizar uma revisão do tipo Estado do Conhecimento sobre os conhecimentos produzidos por pesquisas com a temática de atitudes na área da Educação em Ciências. Evidenciou-se a predominância de atitudes ambientais antropocêntricas e/ou utilitaristas, porém, concepções ou visões de mundo mais preocupadas com o meio ambiente podem se beneficiar de participações em atividades de Educação Ambiental. Dessa forma, aponta-se profícuos caminhos de pesquisa para o entendimento de como os(as) estudantes podem se beneficiar em aulas de Ciências ao mesmo tempo em que despertam o interesse pela natureza e sua preservação.
Nominative objects in Korean
Authors: Park Chongwon , Kim Jong-Bok 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This article addresses the hitherto neglected topic of the Korean Nominative Object Construction (NOC) within the Cognitive Grammar (CG) framework. In the NOC, schematically illustrated as [N-NOM N-NOM PSYCH-PRED], the second NP behaves like a direct object. While the construction has puzzled many researchers in different languages, and a sizable amount of research exists, relatively little attention has been paid to Korean. It is worth noting that the findings made in the extant generative-linguistic research – including the research on Japanese, which exhibits significant typological similarities to Korean – are not sufficient to account for the Korean data. After identifying the properties of the Korean NOC, we demonstrate that the NOC merely reflects how the experiencer conceptualizes the stimulus that exists in a certain domain of mental experience within her mind. This internal representation of the stimulus is marked nominative by being the sole participant in the relationship profiled by the psychological verb at the lower level of organization. At the higher level of organization, the first nominal is the primary participant as an experiencer, thereby receiving nominative case as well. Our analysis is extended to the desiderative construction, which exhibits similar patterns to the PSYCH-PRED NOC but allows alternation of case in the second nominal between nominative and accusative marking. The case alternation is motivated by two different types of construals of the same conceptual base. The nominative marking arises when the embedded transitive relationship is backgrounded, whereas the accusative marking becomes available when the profile is given to the transitive relationship. We demonstrate that the source of the case alternation lies in the profile, rejecting the dichotomous division of the construction based on its mono- or bi-clausal properties.
Does Varying Resistance Exercises for the Same Muscle Group Promote Greater Strength Gains?
Authors: Costa Bruna Daniella de Vasconcelos , Kassiano Witalo , Nunes João Pedro , Kunevaliki Gabriel , Castro-E-Souza Pâmela , Sugihara Junior Paulo , Fernandes Rodrigo R. , Cyrino Edilson Serpeloni , Fortes Leonardo de Sousa 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Costa, BDV, Kassiano, W, Nunes, JP, Kunevaliki, G, Castro-E-Souza, P, Sugihara-Junior, P, Fernandes, RR, Cyrino, ES, and de Fortes, LS. Does varying resistance exercises for the same muscle group promote greater strength gains? J Strength Cond Res 36(11): 3032–3039, 2022—Two of the foremost principles of progression are progressive overload and variation. A way to vary within a resistance training (RT) program is to perform different exercises for the same muscle group; however, this strategy is still overlooked. The purpose of the present study was to compare strength adaptations between an RT routine that maintained the exercises fixed (N-VAR) and another that varied the exercises for the same muscle group during the weekly sessions (VAR). Twenty-three young men (23.3 ± 4.1 years) were randomly allocated to N-VAR (n = 11) and VAR (n = 12) conditions. The RT was performed 3 times a week for 9 weeks and consisted of a whole-body routine (3 sets of 8–12 repetitions). Maximum dynamic strength was assessed using the 1-repetition maximum test (1RM), and the isometric strength was assessed using an isokinetic dynamometer, before and after training. Following the training period, both groups increased the 1RM values in all exercises (p ≤ 0.002), without significant differences between them (p ≥ 0.20). In contrast, a greater increase (p = 0.02) in isometric knee extension strength was showed to N-VAR (+12%) compared with VAR (+7%). There was no significant increase in both groups for isometric knee flexion strength (N-VAR, p = 0.10; VAR, p = 0.18). Our findings indicate that maintaining or varying the exercises for the same muscle group promotes similar adaptations in the maximum dynamic strength. In contrast, for the isometric strength in knee extension, maintaining the fixed exercises seems to be more interesting.
Концептуальні підходи щодо створення національного координаційного центру суб’єктів інтегрованого управління кордонами
Authors: Sitsinsky Nazariy , Vikhtiuk Andriy 
Published: April 2022

У статті визначено концептуальні підходи щодо створення національного координаційного центру суб’єктів інтегрованого управління кордонами. Наголошено на тому, що зростаючі потреби в інформаційних ресурсах змушують суб’єкти інтегрованого управління кордонами запроваджувати інновації у сфері інформаційних взаємовідносин. У контексті досягнення цілей державної політики в сфері прикордонної безпеки постає актуальне завдання щодо організації та забезпечення ефективного процесу інформаційного співробітництва на стратегічному та регіональному рівнях. Водночас, проблеми управління кордонами неможливо розв’язувати тільки шляхом проведення дій, безпосередньо, на державному кордоні. Тому необхідний розвиток комунікацій, як механізмів взаємодії суб’єктів інтегрованого управління кордонами, їх органів та підрозділів на стратегічному та регіональному рівнях. Вирішення цього питання можливо тільки через налагодження чітких механізмів співпраці ключових державних інституцій, які реалізують політику інтегрованого управління кордонами, використовуючи кращі практики та існуючий інструментарій держав учасниць Європейського Союзу, який довів свою ефективність та дієвість.
Наукова новизна статті полягає у формулюванні авторами концептуальних підходів щодо створення національного координаційного центру суб’єктів інтегрованого управління кордонами та визначення завдань його складовим елементам. Запровадження в Україні національного координаційного центру суб’єктів інтегрованого управління кордонами дозволить налагодити чітку комунікацію і створити надійні інформаційні зв’язки між суб’єктами у процесі реалізації завдань із забезпечення національної безпеки на державному кордоні.
Еволюція популізму та популістських партій у Словацькій Республіці
Authors: Klyuchkovych Anatoliy 
Published: April 2022

В статті проаналізовано розвиток популізму в Словацькій Республіці. Науковий інтерес до цього питання зумовлений реаліями словацької політики та комплексом сучасних викликів, які стоять перед країною. Мета дослідження – простежити еволюцію популізму в Словацькій Республіці в розрізі його ключових типів і партійно-політичних репрезентантів. З’ясовано основні чинники, які обумовлювали розвиток та особливості популізму в Словаччині. Основні характеристики словацького популізму пов’язані з політичною історією та політичною культурою. Існує тісний зв’язок між посиленням популізму і загостренням соціальних і економічних проблем.
Визначено основні форми прояву словацького популізму: соціальний, національний, харизматичний, центристський, ультраправий популізм. Популізм глибоко вкоренився в партійну систему Словаччини, періодично детермінуючи зміну її структурних характеристик. Розглядаючи появу й електоральний успіх популістських партій, слід підкреслити складність самого феномена популізму в сучасній Словаччині. У процесі посткомуністичного розвитку в Словаччині відбувався перехід від радикальних форм популістської політики через націоналізм та авторитаризм до більш поміркованих тенденцій. З’ясовано, що в словацькому політичному процесі феномен популізму має перманентний прояв і співвідноситься зі специфічними рисами словацької політики. Популізм залишається актуальним феноменом політичного життя Словацької Республіки.
Результати нашого дослідження показують, що в партійній системі Словаччини зростає потенціал популістських партій. Електоральний успіх популістів засвідчує, що громадяни готові голосувати за харизматичних лідерів і обіцянки швидкого розв’язання складних проблем. Однак, успіх популістів – це не тільки результат електорального маркетингу, але й ознака кризи системної політики та демократичних інститутів.
Examining the reliability of the scores of self-report instruments assessing problematic exercise: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Alcaraz-Ibáñez Manuel , Paterna Adrian , Sicilia Álvaro , Griffiths Mark D. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background and aims
Problematic exercise (PE) has mainly been assessed with self-report instruments. However, summarized evidence on the reliability of the scores derived from such instruments has yet to be provided. The present study reports a reliability generalization meta-analysis of six well-known self-report measures of PE (Commitment to Exercise Scale, Compulsive Exercise Test, Exercise Addiction Inventory, Exercise Dependence Questionnaire, Exercise Dependence Scale, and Obligatory Exercise Questionnaire).

Methods
Pooled effect sizes were computed using a random-effect model employing a restricted maximum likelihood estimation method. Univariable and multivariable meta-regressions analyses were employed for testing moderator variables.

Results
Data retrieved from 255 studies (741 independent samples, N = 254,174) identified three main groups of findings: (i) pooled alpha values that, ranging from 0.768 to 0.930 for global scores and from 0.615 to 0.907 for subscale scores, were found to be sensitive to sociodemographic and methodological characteristics; (ii) reliability induction rates of 47.58%; and (iii) the virtually non-existent testing of the assumptions required for the proper applicability of alpha. Data unavailability prevented the provision of summarized reliability estimates in terms of temporal stability.

Discussion
These findings highlight the need to improve reliability reporting of the scores of self-reported instruments of PE in primary studies. This implies providing both prior justification for the appropriateness of the index employed and reliability data for all the subpopulation of interest. The values presented could be used as a reference both for comparisons with those obtained in future primary studies and for correcting measurement-related artefacts in quantitative meta-analytic research concerning PE.
¿Qué dicen los modelos matemáticos sobre el efecto de las medidas no farmacológicas de cuidado implementadas durante la pandemia por COVID-19 sobre otras enfermedades respiratorias?
Authors: Bergero Paula , Guisoni Nara Cristina 
Published: April 2022

Introducción: Uno de los usos de los modelos matemáticos de la transmisión de enfermedades es el estudio del efecto de diferentes cambios en las condiciones que determinan el comportamiento de las mismas, como la vacunación, las restricciones en la movilidad de las personas o las medidas de cuidado personal. Se sabe que frente a cambios abruptos en los parámetros que representan estas condiciones, los modelos exhiben cambios en la epidemiología, tanto en la magnitud y periodicidad de los brotes como en el perfil etario de la población afectada. En este trabajo analizamos mediante herramientas de modelado matemático posibles efectos de la pandemia sobre la transmisión de otras enfermedades infecciosas debido a la disminución de la transmisibilidad, como resultado de las medidas de cuidado personal, ventilación y reducción en los contactos sociales adoptados para reducir la circulación de COVID-19.
Método: Empleamos un modelo matemático determinista SIRS (susceptible-infectado-recuperado-susceptible) con modulación estacional para representar enfermedades con inmunidad conferida de corta duración y que presentan un ciclo anual. Se utilizaron dos escenarios de parámetros, uno de ellos más apropiado para una enfermedad tipo influenza, con tasa de contagio relativamente baja y con vacuna, y otro más apropiado para una enfermedad tipo virus sincitial respiratorio (VSR), con mayor contagiosidad y sin vacunación. Los cambios en la transmisibilidad de la enfermedad se modelaron reduciéndola durante dos años, planteando distintos escenarios respecto de la reducción de la transmisibilidad.
Resultados: La reducción en la transmisibilidad de la enfermedad durante dos años genera cambios en el comportamiento de la enfermedad que se sostienen en los años siguientes: eventos epidémicos pronunciados (que pueden superar los máximos previos) con alargamiento del intervalo interbrote e incluso pérdida del comportamiento estacional típico. Aún en casos en que el inicio de la reducción de la transmisibilidad ocurre en momentos diferentes de un brote (cerca del máximo o cerca del mínimo), su efecto resulta dominante respecto del comportamiento estacional. El escenario de una reducción inicial de la transmisibilidad del 40% resulta compatible con el comportamiento de influenza y VSR reportados actualmente para nuestro país.
Discusión: El modelo general propuesto, en determinadas condiciones de baja transitoria en la transmisibilidad, exhibe una epidemiología compatible con la observada recientemente en nuestra región para la influenza y el VSR. Este resultado ilustra el valor del modelado como herramienta útil en la compresión de la transmisión de enfermedades, alertando sobre posibles efectos no intuitivos.