bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Style Recognition as Distributed, Informal Public Music Theory in the Piano Puzzler
Authors: Alcalde Bruno 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The Piano Puzzler is a weekly feature on the Public Radio show Performance Today, broadcast throughout the United States. Bruce Adolphe writes a piece in the style of a composer from the concert tradition and hides a melody (usually a popular or folk song) in its texture. In gameshow fashion, participants must listen and identify both elements with a few cues from the hosts. This style recognition exercise happens in every episode of the Piano Puzzler and demonstrates (and fosters) the participant’s understanding of the technical and strategic possibilities of concert music, including the sound of different collections, rhythmic and metrical characteristics, and their categorization and associations. The Piano Puzzler is a peculiar case of public music theory because it is based on informal discourse and distributed agency. This chapter will conceptualize and discuss these characteristics and will exemplify them with excerpts of dialogues from the show’s episodes.
On the Inside
Authors: Hannaford Marc E. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This chapter explores instances of musical notation in liner notes to jazz long-playing records as sites of music theoretical import. Transcriptions, scores, and lead sheets encourage readers/listeners to engage in music analysis in order to gain insight into the recorded music and underlying musical processes. These liner notes represent public-facing prompts for music analysis that exist outside of both academic music theoretical mediums and more conventional public forums. Four case studies—from albums by Jim Hall, Andrew Hill, Charlie Haden and Hampton Hawes, and Ornette Coleman—are preceded by historical and materialist discussions. This chapter is also informed by insights from John Snyder, producer or creative director for these releases. Ultimately, this discussion suggests an expanded view as to what counts as music theory.
/r/musictheory
Authors: Lavengood Megan L. , Mitchell Nathaniel 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This chapter provides a detailed study of /r/musictheory, a large forum (“subreddit”) for music theory discussion hosted on the platform Reddit.com. Writing as two of the subreddit’s moderators, the authors outline the culture and structure of this public forum and examine the mixed realities of conducting music-theoretical discourse in such a space. The authors show how Reddit’s bottom-up, user-powered culture and pseudonymous user-name system simultaneously create unique environments for collaborative learning while also enabling toxic groupthink behaviors that subvert those opportunities by perpetuating epistemic injustices. The authors conclude the chapter by reflecting on the future of the subreddit in light of these findings.
The Ethics of Facial Recognition Technology
Authors: Selinger Evan , Leong Brenda 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Those who use facial recognition technology potentially wield immense power. That power is the subject of intense debate—a debate that has legal implications for privacy and civil liberties, political consequences for democracy, and a range of underlying ethical issues. This chapter is a comprehensive presentation of the leading ethical issues in the debates about facial recognition technology. After defining basic terms (facial detection, facial characterization, facial verification, and facial identification), the following issues are discussed: standards, measures, and disproportionately distributed harms; erosions of trust; ethical harms associated with perfect facial surveillance; alienation, dehumanization, and loss of control; and the slippery slope debate.
The Ethics of Quitting Social Media
Authors: Simpson Rob 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
There are prima facie ethical reasons and prudential reasons for people to avoid or withdraw from social media platforms. But in response to pushes for people to quit social media, a number of authors have argued that there is something ethically questionable about quitting social media: that it involves—typically, if not necessarily—an objectionable expression of privilege on the part of the quitter. This chapter contextualizes privilege-based objections to quitting social media and explains the underlying principles and assumptions that feed into these objections. The chapter shows how they misrepresent the kind of act people are performing in quitting, in part by downplaying its role in promoting reforms in communication systems and technologies. And it suggests that this misrepresentation is related to a more widespread, and ultimately insidious, tendency to think of recently established technological states of affairs as permanent fixtures of our society.
The Hoabinhian: The Late and Post-Pleistocene Cultural Systems of Southeast Asia
Authors: Shoocongdej Rasmi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This chapter reviews the current state of knowledge regarding the Hoabinhian in the context of Southeast Asian prehistory, including the variability and distribution of Hoabinhian sites and assemblages and the nature and significance of archaeological data from the Late Pleistocene and Post-Pleistocene in Mainland Southeast Asia. The term “Hoabinhian” was initially applied during the Colonial Period to hunter-gatherer sites, mainly caves, located in Hoa Binh Province of northern Vietnam. Based largely on stone tool morphology, Hoabinhian sites are now widely distributed across Southeast Asia and southern China. Only a few excavated sites have been securely dated, and so, relative dating remains the main chronological approach, based on formal typological criteria. A simple definition of the Hoabinhian concept with regard to tool types should be reevaluated. However, new discoveries have suggested a holistic view of Late Pleistocene and Holocene culture as the analytical methods of explaining how cultural systems work within obvious limitations balance the attention focused on technologies.
Characteristics and outcomes of patients with heart failure discharged from different speciality units in Australia: an observational study
Authors: Sharma Y , Horwood C , Hakendorf P , Thompson C 
Published: February 2022

Summary

Background
Previous studies have reported differing clinical outcomes among hospitalized heart failure (HF) patients admitted under cardiology and general medicine (GM) without consideration of patients’ frailty.

Aims
To explore outcomes in patients admitted under the two specialities after taking into account their frailty and other characteristics.

Methods
This retrospective study included all HF patients ≥18 years admitted between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2019 at two Australian tertiary hospitals. Frailty was determined by use of the Hospital Frailty Risk Score (HFRS) and patients with HFRS ≥ 5 were classified as frail. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to match 11 variables between the two specialities. The primary outcomes included the days-alive-and-out-of-hospital (DAOH90) at 90 days of discharge, 30-day mortality and readmissions.

Results
Of 4913 HF patients, mean age 76.2 (14.1) years, 51% males, 2653 (54%) were admitted under cardiology compared to 2260 (46%) under GM. Patients admitted under GM were more likely to be older females, with a higher Charlson index and poor renal function than those admitted under cardiology. Overall, 23.8% patients were frail and frail patients were more likely to be admitted under GM than cardiology (33.6% vs. 15.3%, P &lt; 0.001). PSM created 1532 well-matched patients in each group. After PSM, the DAOH90 was not significantly different among patients admitted in GM when compared to cardiology (coefficient −5.36, 95% confidence interval −11.73 to 1.01, P = 0.099). Other clinical outcomes were also similar between the two specialities.

Conclusions
Clinical characteristics of HF patients differ between GM and cardiology; however, clinical outcomes were not significantly different after taking into account frailty and other variables.
Clonal haematopoiesis of indeterminate potential and cardiovascular events in systemic lupus erythematosus (HEMATOPLUS study)
Authors: David Clémence , Duployez Nicolas , Eloy Philippine , Belhadi Drifa , Chezel Julie , Guern Véronique Le , Laouénan Cédric , Fenwarth Laurène , Rouzaud Diane , Mathian Alexis  , de Almeida Chaves Sébastien , Duhaut Pierre , Fain Olivier , Galicier Lionel  , Ghillani-Dalbin Pascale , Kahn Jean Emmanuel , Morel Nathalie , Perard Laurent  , Pha Micheline , Sarrot-Reynauld Francoise , Aumaitre Olivier , Chasset François  , Limal Nicolas , Desmurs-Clavel Helene , Ackermann Felix , Amoura Zahir  , Papo Thomas , Preudhomme Claude , Costedoat-Chalumeau Nathalie , Sacre Karim 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objective
The detection of somatic mutations among the genes of myeloid cells in asymptomatic patients—defining clonal haematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP)—is associated with a predisposition to cardiovascular events (CVEs) in the general population. We aimed to determine whether CHIP was associated with CVEs in SLE patients.

Methods
The study is an ancillary study of the randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre PLUS trial conducted from June 2007 through August 2010 at 37 centres in France, involving 573 SLE patients. The search for somatic mutations by high-throughput sequencing of 53 genes involved in clonal haematopoiesis was performed on genomic DNA collected at PLUS inclusion. CHIP prevalence was assessed in SLE and in a retrospective cohort of 479 patients free of haematological malignancy. The primary outcome was an incident CVE in SLE.

Results
Screening for CHIP was performed in 438 SLE patients [38 (29–47) years, 91.8% female]. Overall, 63 somatic mutations were identified in 47 patients, defining a CHIP prevalence of 10.7% in SLE. Most SLE patients (78.7%) carried a single mutation. Most variants (62.5%) were located in the DNMT3A gene. CHIP frequency was related to age and to age at SLE diagnosis, and was associated with a lower frequency of aPLs. CHIP occurred &gt;20 years earlier (P &lt; 0.00001) in SLE than in controls. The detection of CHIP at inclusion was not found to be associated with occurrence of CVEs during follow-up [HR = 0.42 (0.06–3.21), P = 0.406].

Conclusion
The prevalence of CHIP is relatively high in SLE for a given age, but was not found to be associated with incident CVEs.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov, https://clinicaltrials.gov, NCT05146414.
‘A Test that is about Your Life’: The Involvement of Refugee Children in Asylum Application Proceedings in the Netherlands
Authors: Rap Stephanie 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Refugee children are often neither recognised as rights holders nor as active agents in asylum procedures. A one-sided view of these children as vulnerable objects is not in coherence with international children’s rights, including the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, which regards all children as autonomous subjects and full bearers of rights. Through 21 in-depth interviews with unaccompanied, separated, and accompanied children in the Netherlands, their perceptions and experiences are collected and analysed in relation to their right to be informed and to participate in asylum application proceedings. It is shown that children possess little information on the asylum application interview, which they perceive as particularly stressful. However, they display agency in the choices they make during the interview. Accompanied children find themselves in a rather difficult position, feeling jointly responsible for the outcome of the procedure. It is concluded that effective and meaningful participation, in line with the international children’s rights framework, is difficult to realise in the context of asylum proceedings.
Evidence of Coevolution Between Cronartium harknessii Lineages and Their Corresponding Hosts, Lodgepole Pine and Jack Pine
Authors: McAllister Chandra H. , Cullingham Catherine I. , Peery Rhiannon M. , Mbenoun Michael , McPeak Eden , Feau Nicolas , Hamelin Richard C. , Ramsfield Tod D. , Myrholm Colin L. , Cooke Janice E. K. 
Published: February 2022

Variation in rate of infection and susceptibility of Pinus spp. to the fungus Cronartium harknessii (syn. Endocronartium harknessii), the causative agent of western gall rust, has been well documented. To test the hypothesis that there is a coevolutionary relationship between C. harknessii and its hosts, we examined genetic structure and virulence of C. harknessii associated with lodgepole pine (P. contorta var. latifolia), jack pine (P. banksiana), and their hybrids. A secondary objective was to improve assessment and diagnosis of infection in hosts. Using 18 microsatellites, we assessed genetic structure of C. harknessii from 90 sites within the ranges of lodgepole pine and jack pine. We identified two lineages (East and West, FST = 0.677) associated with host genetic structure (r = 0.81, P = 0.001), with East comprising three sublineages. In parallel, we conducted a factorial experiment in which lodgepole pine, jack pine, and hybrid seedlings were inoculated with spores from the two primary genetic lineages. With this experiment, we refined the phenotypic categories associated with infection and demonstrated that stem width can be used as a quantitative measure of host response to infection. Overall, each host responded differentially to the fungal lineages, with jack pine exhibiting more resiliency to infection than lodgepole pine and hybrids exhibiting intermediate resiliency. Taken together, the shared genetic structure between fungus and host species, and the differential interaction of the fungal species with the hosts, supports a coevolutionary relationship between host and pathogen. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Merkel Cell Carcinoma, the Impact of Clinical Excision Margins and Mohs Micrographic Surgery on Recurrence and Survival: A Systematic Review
Authors: Uitentuis Sanne E. , Bambach Caroline , Elshot Yannick S. , Limpens Jacqueline , van Akkooi Alexander C. J. , Bekkenk Marcel W. 
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND
When treating Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), the relation between wide local excision (WLE) margin and recurrence or survival is unclear. Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) is an alternative surgical option for MCC, but it is unknown whether the local recurrence rate differs between MMS and WLE.

OBJECTIVE
To systematically assess the available literature to determine the recurrence and survival rates when treating MCC with MMS and different clinical excision margins.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
The MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL databases were searched. Two independent reviewers selected studies that defined clear excision margins and either recurrence or survival. When possible, individual cases were extracted from case series and included in the analyses. Other studies were reviewed narratively.

RESULTS
Overall, 1108 studies were identified; of which, 19 case series (168 cases) and 12 cohort studies were eligible. None of the cohort studies showed significant differences in recurrence or survival for either excision margins or MMS. Equally, logistic and Cox regression analyses of the case series revealed no significant differences in recurrence or survival between different excision margins and MMS.

CONCLUSION
Synthesis of the available data does not indicate differences in recurrence and/or survival rates for MCC between different clinical excision margins and MMS.
Withholding and withdrawal of life-sustaining therapy in 8569 trauma patients
Authors: Haddam Malik , Kubacsi Laura , Hamada Sophie , Harrois Anatole , James Arthur , Langeron Olivier , Boutonnet Mathieu , Holleville Mathilde , Garrigue Delphine , Leclercq Marion , Hanouz Jean-Luc , Pottecher Julien , Audibert Gérard , Cardinale Mickael , Vinour Hélène , Zieleskiewicz Laurent , Resseguier Noemie , Leone Marc 
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND
This study aimed to determine the prevalence of withholding or withdrawal of life-sustaining therapy (WLST) decisions in trauma ICU patients, using a large registry. We hypothesised that this prevalence is similar to that of the general population admitted to an ICU. As secondary aims, it sought to describe the trauma patients for whom the decision was made for WLST and the factors associated with this decision.

DESIGN
This observational study assessed data from 14 French centres listed in the TraumaBaseTM registry. All trauma patients hospitalised for more than 48 h were pro-spectively included.

RESULTS
Data from 8569 trauma patients, obtained from January 2016 to December 2018, were included in this study. A WLST decision was made in 6% of all cases. In the WLST group, 67% of the patients were older men (age: 62 versus 36, P
< 0.001); more often they had a prior medical history and higher median severity scores than the patients in the no WLST decision group; SAPS II 58 (46 to 69) versus 21 (13 to 35) and ISS 26 (22 to 24) versus 12 (5 to 22), P
< 0.001. Neurological status was strongly associated with WLST decisions. The geographic area of the ICUs affected the rate of the WLST decisions. The ICU mortality was 11% (n = 907) of which 47% (n = 422) were preceded by WLST decisions. Fourteen percent of WLST orders were not associated to the death.

CONCLUSION
Among 8569 patients, medical history, trauma severity criteria, notably neurological status and geographical areas were associated with WLST. These regional differences deserve to be investigated in future studies.
Menopausal experiences of South Asian immigrant women: a scoping review
Authors: Zou Ping , Luo Yan , Wyslobicky Melody , Shaikh Haniah , Alam Arzoo , Wang Wei , Zhang Hui 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Importance and Objective:
South Asians make up a significant portion of global immigration. Immigrants often face challenges when navigating the healthcare system, which can influence their experience during the menopausal transition. The purpose of this scoping review is to summarize the existing literature on South Asian immigrant women's menopausal experience.

Methods:
Various electronic databases were systematically searched to identify research articles. The menopausal experiences of South Asian immigrant women were examined.

Results:
A total of 11 studies were included in this scoping review. A variety of physical symptoms were reported, including vasomotor symptoms, musculoskeletal symptoms, somatic symptoms, and early onset of menopause. Psychosocial symptoms included anxiety, depression, and decreased memory/concentration. Cultural experiences were both positive and negative, depending on the connotations surrounding menopause. Individual facilitators for a healthy transition included education and employment. Familial barriers included a lack of knowledge and support. Community and societal factors were both positive and negative, depending on the level of acculturation. Self-management was the most widely used intervention.

Discussions and Conclusion:
Findings of this scoping review can help guide the development and evaluation of menopause interventions for South Asian immigrant women. Culturally sensitive care, increased discussion on sexual health, support networks, and reduction of socioeconomic barriers are needed to address the health needs of South Asian immigrant women. Further research is needed to better understand South Asian immigrant women's menopausal needs and help guide intervention design.
Association between intergenerational violence exposure and maternal age of menopause
Authors: Foster Holly , Hagan John , Brooks-Gunn Jeanne , Garcia Jess 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objective:
To investigate whether maternal violence exposure personally and through her child is associated with an earlier age of menopause, controlling for covariates.

Methods:
Analyses used merged data from two related sources. Although mothers (n = 1,466) were interviewed in 1995 and then 20 years later (2015-17), their children were interviewed in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health repeatedly (Waves 1-4, 1994/5 to 2008-2009). Mothers reported their own age of menopause, and mothers and adolescents each reported their own exposure to violence as children and adults.

Results:
A mother's own childhood physical abuse (b = −1.60, P < .05) and her child's sexual abuse (b = −1.39, P < .01) both were associated with an earlier age of menopause. Mothers who were physically abused in childhood and have a child who experienced regular sexual abuse reached menopause 8.78 years earlier than mothers without a history of personal abuse or abuse of their child.

Conclusions:
Our study is the first to find that age of natural menopause is associated with intergenerational violence exposures.
Blood pressure control and glaucoma risk in postmenopausal women: an analysis from the Women's Health Initiative
Authors: Haring Bernhard , Hovey Kathleen , LaMonte Mike , Andrews Chris , Saquib Nazmus , Manson JoAnn E. , Shimbo Daichi , Ritch Robert , De Moraes Carlos Gustavo , Wassertheil-Smoller Sylvia 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objective:
Individuals with elevated systolic blood pressure (BP) or low diastolic BP, whether or not on antihypertensive treatment, may be at higher risk for developing glaucoma. We aimed to investigate BP levels in relation to glaucoma risk in a large cohort of postmenopausal women.

Methods:
Prospective follow-up of 101,447 postmenopausal women without prior history of glaucoma enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative Study. BP was measured in-clinic at baseline and after 3 years using standardized procedures. Antihypertensive medication use was determined by drug inventory at baseline and year 3. Women self-reported incident newly diagnosed glaucoma annually. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using Cox proportional hazards analyses adjusting for demographic, medical history, and lifestyle covariates.

Results:
During a mean follow-up of 4.7 years, we documented 7,514 glaucoma cases. Among women not on antihypertensive treatment, those with systolic BP ≥ 140 mm Hg or diastolic BP ≥80 mm Hg were not at higher risk of developing glaucoma (HR 0.97, 95% confidence intervals 0.88-1.08 and HR 1.00 [0.93-1.08], respectively), compared with women with a systolic BP < 120 mm Hg or a diastolic BP 60 to <80 mm Hg. Among women on antihypertensive treatment, neither systolic BP ≥ 140 mm Hg nor diastolic BP ≥80 mm Hg was associated with an increased glaucoma risk (HR 0.89 [0.79-1.00] and HR 0.97 [0.90-1.05], respectively). A diastolic BP <60 mm Hg was not associated with a higher risk compared with a diastolic BP 60 to <80 mm Hg.

Conclusions:
BP control is not associated with an increased or decreased glaucoma risk in postmenopausal women.