bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of the Nurse Managers' Work Content Questionnaire and Factors―A Structural Equation Modeling Study
Authors: NURMEKSELA Anu , MIKKONEN Santtu , KINNUNEN Juha , KVIST Tarja 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
The responsibilities of nurse managers are diverse and occasionally inadequately organized. Moreover, the role of nurse manager often lacks a clear job description. Few methodologies for evaluating the content of nurse managers' work exist.

Purpose
This study was designed to validate the Nurse Managers' Work Content Questionnaire (NMWCQ) instrument and to analyze the relationships between NMWCQ factors and background variables using structural equation modeling.

Methods
A multicenter descriptive and cross-sectional study design was used. The NMWCQ, which includes 87 items across 13 components, was developed based on a comprehensive literature review and pilot study. The questionnaire was sent to all of the nurse managers (N = 756) employed at eight Finnish hospitals in 2019. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to psychometrically test and validate the NMWCQ, whereas Cronbach's alpha values were calculated to explore the internal consistency of the instrument. Structural equation modeling was applied to detect the relationships between the constructed factor structure and the background variables.

Results
Two hundred seven nurse managers participated in this study. The final solution for the NMWCQ included 75 items across 12 factors. The NMWCQ factors were as follows: responsibility for new employees, daily management, human resource management, decision making, clinical nursing, development, planning of processes, collaboration, ensuring knowledge, evidence-based management, ensuring care quality, and financial management. The items showed factor loadings that were either positive or negative, with values ranging from .314 to .846. The Cronbach's alpha values for the factors ranged between .605 and .851. All of the covariances and relationships between background variables and factors were found to be significant (p ≤ .05). The structural equation modeling showed acceptable index results (incremental fit index = .954, comparative fit index = .951, and root mean square error of approximation = .048).

Conclusions
The NMWCQ version assessed in this study shows a more robust structure than the previously published pilot version. Psychometric testing showed the NMWCQ as suitable for describing the diverse work requirements of nurse managers and may offer a framework for concretizing the job description of nurse managers.
Factors Associated With Burnout Among Nurses Providing Direct Patient Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Cohen Bevin , DePierro Jonathan , Chan Chi C. , Tolan Elaine , Deshpande Richa , Feder Adriana , Feingold Jordyn H. , Peccoralo Lauren , Pietrzak Robert H. , Ripp Jonathan 
Published: October 2022

OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to identify factors associated with burnout in nurses and nurses' opinions regarding interventions to promote well-being during crisis conditions such as those experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic.

BACKGROUND
Burnout among nurses is prevalent under usual conditions and may increase during crises such as COVID-19.

METHODS
Researchers conducted a survey of 1103 frontline nurses in a single New York City hospital during the first (spring 2020) and second (fall 2020/winter 2021) local waves of COVID-19.

RESULTS
Burnout prevalence increased from 45% to 52% between the first and second wave. Younger age, female gender, posttraumatic stress, anxiety or depressive symptoms, history of burnout, feeling less valued by hospital leadership, less informed of responsibilities, less certain about duration of enhanced workload, and prepared by prepandemic experience were predictive of burnout in multivariable analyses.

CONCLUSIONS
Although some identified risk factors for burnout were nonmodifiable, others may be modifiable by hospital leadership.
Improving 9.5 Million Lives: Pilot Testing Ambulatory Care Nurse-Sensitive Quality Indicators
Authors: Siaki Leilani , Patrician Patricia A. , Loan Lori A. , Matlock Ann Marie , Start Rachel E. , McCarthy Mary S. 
Published: October 2022

OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to evaluate scientific acceptability, feasibility, utility, and value of ambulatory care nurse-sensitive quality indicators (ACNSIs) in military outpatient clinics.

BACKGROUND
Optimizing healthcare quality and cost requires scientifically sound metrics. However, ACNSI development and measurement have lagged behind inpatient nurse-sensitive indicators. Validated and reliable ACNSIs are urgently needed to maximize nurses' efforts to improve healthcare quality.

METHODS
Two staffing and 4 patient-centered ACNSIs were pilot tested in 5 military clinics over a 6-month period using a mixed-methods design.

RESULTS
Reliability and validity were generally acceptable. Most ACNSIs demonstrated feasibility, utility, and value for performance measurement. Challenges to using ACNSIs include absence of standardized administrative and clinical processes, infrastructure, and leadership and technological support.

CONCLUSIONS
These ACNSIs show promise as valid performance metrics. Provider- and nurse-level metrics may synergistically improve practice, enhancing the team approach so critical to ambulatory care.
Employment Status of Nurses After a Psychoeducational Group Intervention
Authors: Sawyer Amanda T. , Pepe Julie , Robinson Patricia Stearnes , Bailey Amanda K. , Sun Jingwei 
Published: October 2022

OBJECTIVE
This matched case-control study compared the long-term employment status of direct care nurses based on participation in a psychoeducational group intervention and calculated the estimated cost savings.

BACKGROUND
Chronic stress, in addition to lack of support and low autonomy, can lead to burnout among nurses. Burnout is a common reason for job dissatisfaction and turnover. Interventions combining education with therapeutic processing and peer support may lead to healing and growth in nurses already experiencing the effects of chronic stress and burnout. The COVID-19 pandemic also contributed to stress among nurses.

METHODS
Fifty-four direct care nurses who participated in the intervention were paired with 54 direct care nurses who did not participate, matched on the following variables: age, gender, race, work setting, and campus.

RESULTS
This study found a higher percentage of direct care nurses who participated in the intervention remained employed compared with the matched control subjects who did not participate.

CONCLUSION
At a relatively low cost compared with the cost of turnover by each nurse, the psychoeducational group intervention may provide an opportunity to improve retention among nurses.
Resurgence of Autologous Fascial Slings in a Challenging Climate for Sling Surgery: A 20-Year Review of Comparative Data
Authors: Chen Yi-Ju Amy , Jean-Michel Marjorie 
Published: October 2022

Importance
Since the US Food and Drug Administration's 2016 ban of transvaginal mesh use in vaginal prolapse surgery, there has been growing public scrutiny over the use of synthetic mesh slings (SSs) for the surgical management of female stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Although long considered the mainstay of current practice, interest in biological alternatives has grown.

Objectives
This article reviews the last 20 years of data comparing the success of autologous fascial slings (AFSs) and SSs in the treatment of female SUI.

Evidence Acquisition
We reviewed the literature for randomized controlled trials comparing autologous pubovaginal sling and SS for the primary surgical treatment of female SUI using several search engines and databases between January 1, 2000, and March 31, 2020.

Study Appraisal and Synthesis Methods
Data were retrieved and compared across studies. Trials were evaluated for study setting, type, population characteristics, sample size, success definition and rate, recurrence rate, operative time, length of hospital stay, complications, and quality of life.

Results
Of the 1382 articles reviewed, 8 met eligibility criteria, representing 6 distinct cohorts and 726 subjects. Synthetic slings available for review were either tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) or minisling. The vast majority of studies demonstrated similar short- and long-term success rates of AFS and SS procedures utilizing a range of outcome measures. Both AFS and TVT sling had low recurrence rates in short- and long-term follow-up. However, AFS had significantly longer operative time, and longer hospital stay. Bladder perforation, on the other hand, occurred more commonly in TVT sling. Health-related quality-of-life scores, including sexual function, were similar between groups.

Conclusions
Autologous fascial sling and SS are both highly effective surgical procedures for the treatment of female SUI. Although success rates are comparable, AFS is associated with less favorable operative measures.

Relevance
This review supports the effectiveness of AFS in treating female SUI as concerns over the use of synthetic materials in vaginal surgery rise. However, clinicians must weigh the risks conferred by this nonsynthetic alternative.

Target Audience
Obstetricians and gynecologists, family physicians

Learning Objectives
After participating in this activity, the learner should be better able to compare the benefits and drawbacks of available sling types for the surgical management of female stress urinary incontinence; discuss complication rates related to each sling type; and explain their impact on quality of life.
Replication Stress Impairs Chromosome Segregation and Preimplantation Development in Human Embryos
Authors: Palmerola Katherine L. , Amrane Selma , De Los Angeles Alejandro , Xu Shuangyi , Wang Ning , de Pinho Joao , Zuccaro Michael V. , Taglialatela Angelo , Massey Dashiell J. , Turocy Jenna , Robles Alex , Subbiah Anisa , Prosser Bob , Lobo Rogerio , Ciccia Alberto , Koren Amnon , Baslan Timour , Egli Dieter 
Published: October 2022

(Abstracted from Cell 2022;185:2988.e20–3007.e20)
Spontaneous DNA damage, such as double-strand breaks (DSBs), affects cell-cycle progression and contributes to embryo attrition. There is a strong correlation among mitotic cell-cycle progression, ploidy, the quality of the blastocyst formed, and successful implantation from in vitro fertilization.
Postprocedural Pain Associated With 5 Versus 20 Intradetrusor Injections of OnabotulinumtoxinA for Treatment of Overactive Bladder: A Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Chang Eric S. , Ringel Nancy , Woodburn Katherine L. , Tanner Jean Paul , Bassaly Renee , Greene Kristie , Wyman Allison , Iglesia Cheryl 
Published: October 2022

(Abstracted from Urogynecology 2022;28:518–525)
For treating nonneurogenic overactive bladder, female pelvic medicine and urogenital reconstruction guidelines given by the American Urological Association and Society of Urodynamics recommend that onabotulinumtoxinA (botoxA) may be used as third-line therapy following a failure of both first-line lifestyle and behavioral changes and second-line cholinergic or β-agonist therapy. Wide variations on the acceptable number of injections per treatment episode (as much as 1 injection to 40) have been promulgated for botoxA.
Ipsilateral Upper-Limb Lymphedema After COVID-19 Vaccine Booster
Authors: Tang Charlene Yu Lin , Chua Wei Ming 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Recent data suggest that protective immunity from COVID-19 vaccine may wane after a period, with booster doses becoming increasingly deployed in many countries. An 84-year-old woman presents with a 6-month history of left upper-limb swelling; the only history of note was an intramuscular Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA vaccine booster in the ipsilateral deltoid just 1 week before the onset of the swelling. Upper-extremity lymphoscintigraphy after the administration of 99mTc-nanocolloid into the interstitial space of the hands showed left upper-limb lymphatic dysfunction.
Traumatic brachial plexus injury: diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Wu Kitty Y. , Spinner Robert J. , Shin Alexander Y. 
Published: October 2022

Purpose of the Review:
Traumatic brachial plexus injuries (BPI) are devastating life-altering events, with pervasive detrimental effects on a patient's physical, psychosocial, mental, and financial well-being. This review provides an understanding of the clinical evaluation, surgical indications, and available reconstructive options to allow for the best possible functional outcomes for patients with BPI.

Recent Findings:
The successful management of patients with BPI requires a multidisciplinary team approach including peripheral nerve surgeons, neurology, hand therapy, physical therapy, pain management, social work, and mental health. The initial diagnosis includes a detailed history, comprehensive physical examination, and critical review of imaging and electrodiagnostic studies. Surgical reconstruction depends on the timing of presentation and specific injury pattern. A full spectrum of techniques including neurolysis, nerve grafting, nerve transfers, free functional muscle transfers, tendon transfers, and joint arthrodesis are utilized.

Summary:
Despite the devastating nature of BPI injuries, comprehensive care within a multidisciplinary team, open and practical discussions with patients about realistic expectations, and thoughtful reconstructive planning can provide patients with meaningful recovery.
MEASUREMENT EFFICIENCY OF AN INSTRUMENTED MOUTHGUARD UNDER A LARGE RANGE OF HEAD ACCELERATIONS AND THE EFFECTS OF FILTERING
Authors: Jones Christopher M. , Austin Kieran , Augustus Simon , Nicholas Kieran Jai , Yu Xiancheng , Baker Claire , Loosemore Mike , Ghajari Mazdak 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTInstrumented mouthguards (iMG) measure head kinematics in sport, but their measurements have not been validated at high levels of accelerations observed in those sports like rugby. In addition, the effects of filter cut-off frequency on the measured kinematics are still unknown. To address these questions, a drop testing helmeted head-form of an anthropometric testing device (ATD) was used to produce a range of accelerations and accurately control them. Peak linear acceleration (PLA), rotational velocity (PRV), rotational acceleration (PRA) and maximum principal strain (MPS) values were computed. The influence of filter cut-off frequency on peak kinematics was also calculated. Comparison of the peak values across ATD and iMG indicated high levels of agreement, with a total concordance correlation coefficient of 0.97 and intraclass correlation coefficients of 0.990 for PLA, 0.970 for PRV, 0.945 for PRA, and 0.970 for MPS. Cut-off frequencies of 100-300Hz did not significantly attenuate peak kinematics, but frequencies lower than 100Hz did. This is the first study to test an iMG under impact conditions seen in sport. The method presented can be used for in-lab validation of iMGs under head accelerations seen in sport. Furthermore, these results can contribute towards defining standards for filtering iMG data.
Cortico-striatal beta-oscillations as a marker of learned reward value
Authors: Koloski M.F. , Hulyalkar S. , Tang T. , Wu X. , Fakhraei L. , Barnes S.A. , Mishra J. , Ramanathan D.S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSingle neuron correlates of reward value have been observed in brain regions along the cortico-striatal pathway including ventral striatum, orbital, and medial prefrontal cortex. Brain imaging studies in humans further validate these findings and suggest that value is represented in a network of brain regions opposed to a particular area. Neural activity oscillates at periodic frequencies to coordinate long-range communication in widespread, dynamic networks. To explore how oscillatory dynamics across brain regions may represent reward value, we measured local field potentials of male Long-Evans rats during three distinct behavioral tasks, each probing a different aspect of reward processing. Our goal was to use a data-driven approach to identify a common electrophysiology property associated with reward value. We found that reward-locked oscillations at beta frequencies, in both single units and local field potentials, were markers of positive reward valence. More importantly, Reward-locked beta-oscillations scaled with expected reward value on specific trial types and in a behaviorally relevant way across tasks. Oscillatory signatures of reward processing were observed throughout the cortico-striatal network including electrodes placed in orbitofrontal cortex, anterior insula, medial prefrontal cortex, ventral striatum, and amygdala. These data suggests that beta-oscillations reflect learned reward value in a distributed network, and this may serve as a stable and robust bio-marker for future studies.
The causal role of the inferior temporal cortex in visual perception
Authors: Shahbazi Elia , Ma Timothy , Pernuš Martin , Scheirer Walter , Afraz Arash 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNeurons in the inferotemporal (IT) cortex respond selectively to complex visual features, implying their role in object perception. However, perception is subjective and cannot be read out from neural responses; thus, bridging the causal gap between neural activity and perception demands independent characterization of perception. Historically though, the complexity of the perceptual alterations induced by artificial stimulation of IT cortex has rendered them impossible to quantify. Here we addressed this old problem by combining machine learning with high-throughput behavioral optogenetics in macaque monkeys. In closed-loop experiments, we generated complex and highly specific images that the animal could not discriminate from the state of being cortically stimulated. These images, named “perceptograms” for the first time, reveal and depict the contents of the complex hallucinatory percepts induced by local neural perturbation in IT cortex. Furthermore, we found that the nature and magnitude of these hallucinations highly depend on concurrent visual input, stimulation location, and intensity. Objective characterization of stimulation-induced perceptual events opens the door to developing a mechanistic theory of visual perception. Further, it enables us to make better visual prosthetic devices and gain a greater understanding of visual hallucinations in mental disorders.One-Sentence SummaryCombining state-of-the-art AI with high-throughput closed-loop brain stimulation experiments, for the first time, we took “pictures” of the complex and subjective visual hallucinations induced by local stimulation in the inferior temporal cortex, a cortical area associated with object recognition.
Adversarial Attacks on Protein Language Models
Authors: Carbone Ginevra , Cuturello Francesca , Bortolussi Luca , Cazzaniga Alberto 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDeep Learning models for protein structure prediction, such as AlphaFold2, leverage Transformer architectures and their attention mechanism to capture structural and functional properties of amino acid sequences. Despite the high accuracy of predictions, biologically insignificant perturbations of the input sequences, or even single point mutations, can lead to substantially different 3d structures. On the other hand, protein language models are often insensitive to biologically relevant mutations that induce misfolding or dysfunction (e.g. missense mutations). Precisely, predictions of the 3d coordinates do not reveal the structure-disruptive effect of these mutations. Therefore, there is an evident inconsistency between the biological importance of mutations and the resulting change in structural prediction. Inspired by this problem, we introduce the concept of adversarial perturbation of protein sequences in continuous embedding spaces of protein language models. Our method relies on attention scores to detect the most vulnerable amino acid positions in the input sequences.Adversarial mutationsare biologically diverse from their references and are able to significantly alter the resulting 3d structures.
Complex social behaviour during an extended period of time in a valproic acid animal model of autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Maisterrena Alexandre , de Chaumont Fabrice , Longueville Jean-Emmanuel , Balado Eric , Ey Elodie , Jaber Mohamed 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAutism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a progressive neurodevelopmental disorder characterized mainly by deficits in social communication and stereotyped and restricted interests. Deficits in social interactions in ASD animal models are generally analysed using the three chamber’s test paradigm that is simple to implement and use but fails to detect subtle social deficits or complex social behavior on an extended period of time within a group of mice. Here, we set up a novel procedure entitled the Live Mouse Tracker (LMT) that detects a great number of complex social behaviours that we recorded continuously for up to three days in groups of 4 mice. This was performed in the valproic acid (VPA) mouse model where VPA (450 mg/kg) was injected to pregnant females at E12.5. Studies were performed with a special focus on females given that ASD is 3-4 times more diagnosed in males than in females and that several ASD models failed to detect major social deficits in females, contrary to males. Comparisons were made within groups of 4 female animals with same treatment or within groups of different treatments (saline versus VPA). We report that VPA females show several types of social deficits and that are different in nature and magnitude in relation with time (from 1 hour to 3 days). These deficits were also different when VPA mice were tested together compared to when they were mixed with saline treated mice. Indeed, while social behavior was improved in VPA mice with the presence of saline mice that of saline mice was negatively affected by the presence of VPA mice.This study indicates that female VPA mice show several social deficits, contrary to the common knowledge. It further implies that ASD related behavior alters normal behavior in a mixed group of mice.
Neural dynamics underlying self-control in the primate subthalamic nucleus
Authors: Pasquereau Benjamin , Turner Robert S. 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTThe subthalamic nucleus (STN) is hypothesized to play a central role in neural processes that regulate self-control. Still uncertain, however, is how that brain structure participates in the dynamically evolving representation of value that underlies the ability to delay gratification and wait patiently for a gain. To address that gap in knowledge, we studied the spiking activity of neurons in the STN of monkeys during a task in which animals were required to remain motionless for varying periods of time in order to obtain food reward. At the single-neuron and population levels, we found a cost-benefit integration between the desirability of the expected reward and the imposed delay to reward delivery, with STN signals that dynamically combined both attributes of the reward to form a single integrated estimate of value. This neural representation of subjective value evolved dynamically across the waiting period that intervened between instruction cue and reward delivery. Moreover, this representation was gradually distributed along the antero-posterior axis of the STN such that the most posterior-placed neurons represented the temporal discounting of value most strongly. These findings highlight the selective involvement of the posterior STN in a dynamic internal process that dynamically estimates the ongoing cost-benefit balance of the current context. Such a process is essential for self-control, promoting goal pursuit and the willingness to bear the costs of time delays.