bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resistance to root‐lesion nematode Pratylenchus neglectus identified in a new collection of two wild chickpea species (Cicer reticulatum and C. echinospermum) from Turkey
Authors: Rostad Hannah E. , Reen Roslyn A. , Mumford Michael H. , Zwart Rebecca S. , Thompson John P. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractChickpea (Cicer arietinum) is a major legume crop, with Australia being the second largest producer worldwide. Pratylenchus neglectus is a root‐lesion nematode that invades, feeds and reproduces in roots of pulse and cereal crops. In Australia, chickpea and wheat (Triticum aestivum) are commonly grown in rotation and annual damage by P. neglectus accounts for large economic losses to both crops. Cultivated chickpea has narrow genetic diversity that limits the potential for improvement in resistance breeding. New collections of wild chickpea species, C. reticulatum and C. echinospermum, have substantially increased the previously limited world collection of wild Cicer germplasm and offer potential to widen the genetic diversity of cultivated chickpea through the identification of accessions with good resistance. This research assessed 243 C. reticulatum and 86 C. echinospermum accessions for response to P. neglectus in replicated experiments under controlled glasshouse conditions from 2013 and 2014 collection missions that were received, tested and analysed in two experimental sets. Multi‐experiment analyses showed lower P. neglectus population densities in both sets of wild Cicer accessions tested than Australia's elite breeding cultivar PBA HatTrick at the significance level p < 0.05. Provisional resistance ratings were given to all genotypes tested in both experimental sets, with C. reticulatum accessions CudiB_008B and Kayat_066 rated as resistant in both Set 1 and Set 2. New sources of resistance to P. neglectus observed in this study can be introgressed into commercial chickpea cultivars to improve their resistance to this nematode.
Lost in the wind: An integrated approach for the recognition of mixed clastic–carbonate continental aeolianites
Authors: Arboit Francesco , Steuber Thomas , Mohamad Khalid , Alsuwaidi Mohammad , Ceriani Andrea 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAeolianites with a mixed clastic and carbonate detrital mineralogy are typical deposits of tropical coastal desert environments. These deposits are genetically related to transgressive–regressive cycles, with the shallow‐marine carbonate detrital component being deflated from the exposed seafloor during episodes of glacial sea‐level lowstands, transported and later accumulated onto more continental areas. A detailed investigation of the granulometric and petrographic properties of the Late Pleistocene to Holocene Ghayathi Formation in the United Arab Emirates provides a comprehensive numerical dataset that reveals the complex spatio‐temporal depositional and diagenetic evolution of a mixed siliciclastic–carbonate continental aeolianite. Fifty‐one thin sections and forty‐four rock samples of three sedimentary units (Madinat‐Zayed, Ghayathi and Fuwayrit formations) from the United Arab Emirates were analyzed for their grain‐size distribution, mineralogy and the bulk stable‐carbon and oxygen isotopic composition. Sorting, skewness and kurtosis of the grain‐size distributions provide evidence for a divergent aerodynamic behaviour between the carbonate and siliciclastic particles. The different grain‐size distributions between the inland and coastal sections of the Ghayathi Formation indicate that continental mixed clastic−carbonate aeolianites are affected by density‐driven selective transport and consequent traction sorting due to the nature of carbonate detritus. The transport decoupling of the different detrital components resulted in a ‘continental sorting’ effect, with the inland sections yielding layers characterized by a better sorted detritus than the coastal areas. All detritus originally composed of aragonite has been removed by dissolution during early meteoric diagenesis, with its shapes frequently preserved by micritic envelopes. The bulk stable‐isotope composition of the carbonate fraction reflects a decreasing degree of meteoric cementation from coastal to inland areas. The high complexity of the lateral and vertical distribution of the sedimentary, diagenetic and isotopic properties of continental mixed aeolianites, such as the Ghayathi Formation, highlights the problem of recognizing such deposits in the pre‐Quaternary sedimentary record.
Crime and deviance during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Regalado Jullianne , Timmer Anastasiia , Jawaid Ali 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has fundamentally changed the world and inevitably influenced people's behaviors including the likelihood of crime and deviance. Emerging empirical evidence suggests a decline in certain crimes (e.g., theft, robbery, and assault) but also proliferation of different violent behaviors and cybercriminal activity during the pandemic. To explain those trends, we draw on existent theories and elaborate on how crime and violence have been affected by the changes in people's daily routines and accumulated stressful conditions. However, as recent crime trends appear to be largely inconsistent and vary across social groups and contexts, we argue that social scientists need to pay particular attention to the differential experiences related to crime and violence during this global crisis. Specifically, because of the disproportionate experience of violence by vulnerable groups including minorities and women as well as the unique cross‐national variations in deviance, more nuanced approaches to understanding causes of crime are warranted. We also discuss the limitations of present research and provide recommendations for the development of comparative and multi‐disciplinary studies on criminal and deviant behaviors that are influenced by human crisis situations.
CBF4/DREB1D represses XERICO to attenuate ABA, osmotic and drought stress responses in Arabidopsis
Authors: Vonapartis Eliana , Mohamed Deka , Li Jingru , Pan Wenqiang , Wu Jian , Gazzarrini Sonia 
Published: February 2022

SUMMARYWater stress can severely impact plant growth, productivity and yield. Consequently, plants have evolved various strategies through which they can respond and adapt to their environment. XERICO (XER) is a stress‐responsive RING E3 ubiquitin ligase that modulates abscisic acid (ABA) levels and promotes drought tolerance when overexpressed. To better understand the biological role of XER in stress responses, we characterized a xer‐1 hypomorphic mutant and a CRISPR/Cas9‐induced xer‐2 null mutant in Arabidopsis. Both xer mutant alleles exhibited increased drought sensitivity, supporting the results from overexpression studies. Furthermore, we discovered that both xer mutants have greater stomatal indices and that XER is expressed in epidermal cells, indicating that XER functions in the epidermis to repress stomatal development. To explore XER spatiotemporal and stress‐dependent regulation, we conducted a yeast one‐hybrid screen and found that CBF4/DREB1D associates with the XER 5′ untranslated region (5′‐UTR). We generated three cbf4 null mutants with CRISPR/Cas9 and showed that CBF4 negatively regulates ABA responses, promotes stomatal development and reduces drought tolerance, in contrast to the roles shown for XER. CBF4 is induced by ABA and osmotic stress, and localizes to the nucleus where it downregulates XER expression via the DRE element in its 5′‐UTR. Lastly, genetic interaction studies confirmed that xer is epistatic to cbf4 in stomatal development and in ABA, osmotic and drought stress responses. We propose that the repression of XER by CBF4 functions to attenuate ABA signaling and stress responses to maintain a balance between plant growth and survival under adverse environmental conditions.
Left shift and toxic change in heterophils and neutrophils of non‐mammalian vertebrates: A comparative review, image atlas, and practical considerations
Authors: Stacy Nicole I. , Hollinger Charlotte , Arnold Jill E. , Cray Carolyn , Pendl Helene , Nelson Pilar J. , Harvey John W. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHeterophils and neutrophils are important first cellular responders to inflammatory conditions. In addition to quantitative shifts in the numbers of these cells in blood, inflammatory disease states often have accompanying increases in immature precursor stages (left shift) and/or evidence of toxic change on blood film evaluation. Recognition of left shift and toxic change morphologies is a salient diagnostic finding with clinical relevance across species. The objectives of this report are to (a) review heterophil and neutrophil function and structure across the vertebrate animal kingdom, (b) compare morphologic features of left shift and toxic change in heterophils and neutrophils of non‐mammalian vertebrates (NMV) to mammals, (c) provide an image guide demonstrating the breadth of morphologic diversity of heterophil and neutrophil lineages in health and disease across taxa, and (d) discuss practical considerations for clinical pathologists and other professionals involved in the recognition and interpretation of observations in the inflammatory leukogram of NMV.
Lifestyle interventions for type 2 diabetes prevention in children and adolescents of African descent in OECD countries: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Iduye Damilola , Wild Sarah , Ostrishko Kayla , Macdonald Marilyn , Helwig Melissa , Iduye Steve , Jefferies Keisha 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
The objectives of this review are to investigate the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions for type 2 diabetes prevention in children and adolescents of African descent in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) member countries and to attempt to ascertain what aspects of these interventions are most effective in this population.

Introduction:
Lifestyle interventions have been shown to prevent or delay the onset of type 2 diabetes;however, the extent to which these interventions are effective for children and adolescents of African descent is not well established. The increasing type 2 diabetes incidence and prevalence in children and adolescents of African descent in some OECD member countries underscores the need to pool available evidence to ascertain the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions for type 2 diabetes prevention in this population.

Inclusion criteria:
Lifestyle interventions to be considered include individual-or group-based lifestyle or behavioral modification interventions aimed at preventing or delaying the onset of type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents of African descent aged 19 years and under in OECD countries. Randomized controlled trials and non-randomized studies that assess the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions for type 2 diabetes prevention will be considered.

Methods:
The databases to be searched include MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Social Services Abstracts, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global databases. There will be no language or date limits placed on the search. Two independent reviewers will conduct the title, abstract, and full-text screening, followed by critical appraisal and data extraction. Data will undergo meta-analysis where appropriate, and will otherwise be presented as narrative synthesis.

Systematic review registration number:
PROSPERO CRD42021247267
Prevalence and incidence of chemotherapy-induced taste alterations in adult cancer patients: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Corremans Marleen , Mortelmans Dimitri , Geurden Bart , Luyten Sarah , Bekkering Geertruida 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT

Objective:
This study will synthesize the available evidence on the prevalence and incidence of chemotherapy-induced taste alterations in adult cancer patients.

Introduction:
Taste and smell alterations in cancer patients due to chemotherapy affect patients’ quality of life and can cause malnutrition. Recent knowledge about the incidence and prevalence of chemotherapy-induced taste alterations may enable tailored food interventions for this specific population. Describing variations in taste changes in subgroups of chemotherapy is important to inform taste steering interventions.

Inclusion criteria:
The review will consider studies that include adult cancer patients who are receiving or have received chemotherapy as a treatment for an oncologic issue. It will include studies that investigate the prevalence and incidence of chemotherapy-induced taste alterations that have been assessed objectively or subjectively by patient-reported outcomes.

Methods:
A systematic search will be performed of the following databases: MEDLINE (PubMed), CINAHL (Ovid), Embase, and OpenSIGLE. Analytical, observational, and cross-sectional studies will be considered. All studies will undergo critical appraisal, data extraction, and synthesis. Data will be extracted using the JBI standardized data extraction tool for prevalence and incidence. Type and frequency of treatment and cytostatic agent will be extracted. The population will be described by age and gender. In addition, study methods and proportions of interest to the review question will be extracted. Pooled prevalence estimates will be calculated using a random effects model.

Systematic review:
PROSPERO CRD42020136706
Large Eddy Simulation Based Computational Fluid Dynamics Investigation of the Ignition Process in Lean Spray Burner
Authors: Andreini A. , Amerighi M. , Palanti L. , Facchini B. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
During the last decades, several new technologies were investigated in order to reduce the pollutant emissions and increase the overall engine efficiency. Unluckily, some of them including the lean direct injection spray combustion hinder the ignition performances of the combustor. Moreover, several expensive tests under very challenging operating conditions must be carried out to obtain the required certifications and assess the combustor behavior with respect to the ignition process. Therefore, a deeper knowledge of the phenomena involved in the flame onset is mandatory to shorten the design process and achieve the required performances from the very beginning. In the last years, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations established a valid alternative to the experiments to investigate the complex phenomena involved in the ignition process. In fact, several examples are available in scientific literature about the use of simulations to predict the development of the flame starting from an initial kernel. In particular, large eddy simulation (LES) proved to be a reliable tool to uncover new mechanisms of ignition and flame stabilization in gas turbines. In this work, two reactive LES of the ignition process were attempted using ansysfluent 2019R1, with the aim of testing the thickened flame model already implemented in the solver. In fact, compared to the previous versions, a new formulation for the efficiency function based on the pioneering work of Colin was made available. Such promising tool was validated against some detailed experimental results of a lean swirled flame, known as knowledge for ignition, acoustics and instabilities (KIAI)-CORIA spray flame. At first, a non-reactive and reactive LES were carried out to validate the cold field and the stabilized flame structure respectively. Finally, two ignition simulations were performed, from initial spark deposition up to flame stabilization or kernel quenching. All the obtained results have been extensively compared against the available experimental data showing that the employed simulation setup is fairly capable of describing the phenomena involved in the rig ignition.
Robust Control of the Human Trunk Posture Using Functional Neuromuscular Stimulation: A Simulation Study
Authors: Bao Xuefeng , Audu Musa L. , Friederich Aidan R. , Triolo Ronald J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe trunk movements of an individual paralyzed by spinal cord injury (SCI) can be restored by functional neuromuscular stimulation (FNS), which applies low-level current to the motor nerves to activate the paralyzed muscles to generate useful torques, to actuate the trunk. FNS can be modulated to vary the biotorques to drive the trunk to follow a user-defined reference motion and maintain it at a desired postural set-point. However, a stabilizing modulation policy (i.e., control law) is difficult to derive as the biomechanics of the spine and pelvis are complex and the neuromuscular dynamics are highly nonlinear, nonautonomous, and input redundant. Therefore, a control method that can stabilize it with FNS without knowing the accurate skeletal and neuromuscular dynamics is desired. To achieve this goal, we propose a control framework consisting of a robust control module that generates stabilizing torques while an artificial neural network-based mapping mechanism with an anatomy-based updating law ensures that the muscle-generated torques converge to the stabilizing values. For the robust control module, two sliding-mode robust controllers (i.e., a high compensation controller and an adaptive controller), were investigated. System stability of the proposed control method was rigorously analyzed based on the assumption that the skeletal dynamics can be approximated by Euler–Lagrange equations with bounded disturbances, which enables the generalization of the control framework. We present experiments in a simulation environment where an anatomically realistic three-dimensional musculoskeletal model of the human trunk moved in the anterior– posterior and medial–lateral directions while perturbations were applied. The satisfactory simulation results suggest the potential of this control technique for trunk tracking tasks in a typical clinical environment.
An Optimization Framework for Operational-Level Resource Composition in an Inclusive Manufacturing System
Authors: Singh Sube , Mohanty Ayush , Rai Rahul , Mahanty Biswajit , Tiwari Manoj Kumar 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Manufacturing is an essential component of the economy, and globalization further influences it by the driving forces of outsourcing and distributed manufacturing with technological advances. However, the decreasing share in gross domestic product (GDP) and shrinking employment from the manufacturing sector have become concerning matters. Recently, the inclusive manufacturing paradigm has been proposed by concentrating on globally observed economic, environmental, and societal issues. This paper advances the concept of an inclusive manufacturing system (IMS) by developing an optimization-based model to enable resource composition scenarios. The developed model encapsulates an amalgamation of a realistic and complex production system, suppliers, manufacturers, assembly stations, logistics providers, and courier services. The model aims to optimize the cost and emission of manufacturing, assembly, and logistics systems while producing a product. The formulated optimization problem is discrete in nature with binary and integer decision variables and multiple complexities of nonlinear functions. Therefore, evolutionary techniques are exercised as solution approaches to handle the problem's complexity and size. A simulated case example has been designed to envision the inclusive manufacturing system by perceiving a real-life production scenario of labeling conveyor, a customized product engaged for most packaged items. The study reveals that network size influences cost and emission because of competitiveness among service providers to get the order. The result also insights that a significant share of the cost comes from production and assembling activities, whereas transportation services dominate over manufacturing-assembly activities in carbon emission.
Variational Level Set Method for Topology Optimization of Origami Fold Patterns
Authors: Ye Qian , Gu Xianfeng David , Chen Shikui 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWith specific fold patterns, a 2D flat origami can be converted into a complex 3D structure under an external driving force. Origami inspires the engineering design of many self-assembled and re-configurable devices. This work aims to apply the level set-based topology optimization to the generative design of origami structures. The origami mechanism is simulated using thin shell models where the deformation on the surface and the deformation in the normal direction can be simplified and well captured. Moreover, the fold pattern is implicitly represented by the boundaries of the level set function. The folding topology is optimized by minimizing a new multiobjective function that balances kinematic performance with structural stiffness and geometric requirements. Besides regular straight folds, our proposed model can mimic crease patterns with curved folds. With the folding curves implicitly represented, the curvature flow is utilized to control the complexity of the folds generated. The performance of the proposed method is demonstrated by the computer generation and physical validation of two thin shell origami designs.
Overall Pressure Loss and Heat Transfer Performance of Additively Manufactured Offset Strip Fins Used in Compact Heat Exchangers
Authors: Saltzman David , Lynch Stephen 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Preliminary heat exchanger design relies heavily on correlations for overall heat transfer and pressure drop performance, particularly for heat transfer augmentation features such as fins. Extensive work has been performed by the research community to develop these correlations for the numerous designs. However, with the new technology of metal additive manufacturing and the resultant surface roughness, the traditional correlations and design considerations related to performance need to be adjusted. As a result, two metal additively manufactured offset strip fin heat exchanger geometries with different fin spacing are studied for heat transfer and pressure drop performance and compared with traditional correlations. Deviations between the additively manufactured geometries and previous correlations for smooth fins are found and are further amplified as the surface roughness-to-hydraulic diameter ratio is increased. Furthermore, the surface roughness from the additive process results in a constant friction factor behavior at high Reynolds numbers, which is unlike behavior observed for conventionally manufactured fins. Considerations for both the laminar and turbulent flow regimes are needed for correct performance prediction. A final offset strip fin geometry with a change in the fin spacing every third of the way through the flow path is tested. This study found that the orientation of fin spacing, wider spaced to tightly spaced or tightly spaced to wider spaced, did not have a significant effect on pressure drop or heat transfer. However, the study found a method for predicting the performance which will become important as additive manufacturing increases the complexity of heat exchanger designs.
A Theoretical Model for Investigating the Structural Dynamics of a Rolling Tyre
Authors: Simon Tania , La Paglia Ivano , Ripamonti Francesco , Corradi Roberto , Baro Simone 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The noise generated by the rolling tyre contributes significantly to the car's interior noise. This is caused by the tyre-road contact, and at low frequencies (0–500 Hz) is mostly transmitted inside the cockpit through the structure-borne transmission path. In support of the studies in this research field, an interpretative model of the tyre-wheel system accounting for the effects induced by the angular speed represents a useful tool. To this aim, we implemented an analytical model based on a flexible ring on an elastic foundation to analyze the dynamics of the tyre-wheel system, in both static and rotating configurations. We fine-tuned the parameters of the tyre based on data coming from experimental modal analysis of the static tyre. Particular attention has been paid to the system's free and forced responses, commonly analyzed with the so-called cleat test. The results are discussed interpreting the behavior in different reference systems.