bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sponge contribution to the silicon cycle of a diatom‐rich shallow bay
Authors: López‐Acosta María , Maldonado Manuel , Grall Jacques , Ehrhold Axel , Sitjà Cèlia , Galobart Cristina , Pérez Fiz F. , Leynaert Aude 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn coastal systems, planktonic and benthic silicifiers compete for the pool of dissolved silicon, a nutrient required to make their skeletons. The contribution of planktonic diatoms to the silicon cycle in coastal systems is often well characterized, while that of benthic silicifiers such as sponges has rarely been quantified. Herein, silicon fluxes and stocks are quantified for the sponge fauna in the benthic communities of the Bay of Brest (France). A total of 45 siliceous sponge species living in the Bay account for a silicon standing stock of 1215 tons, while that of diatoms is only 27 tons. The silicon reservoir accumulated as sponge skeletons in the surface sediments of the Bay rises to 1775 tons, while that of diatom skeletons is only 248 tons. These comparatively large stocks of sponge silicon were estimated to cycle two orders of magnitude slower than the diatom stocks. Sponge silicon stocks need years to decades to be renewed, while diatom turnover lasts only days. Although the sponge monitoring over the last 6 yr indicates no major changes of the sponge stocks, our results do not allow us to conclude if the silicon sponge budget of the Bay is at steady state, and potential scenarios are discussed. The findings buttress the idea that sponges and diatoms play contrasting roles in the marine silicon cycle. The budgets of these two major silicon users need to be integrated and their connections revealed, if we aim to improve our understanding of the silicon cycling in coastal ecosystems.
DOC, grazers, and resilience of phytoplankton to enrichment
Authors: Carpenter Stephen R. , Pace Michael L. , Wilkinson Grace M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPhytoplankton blooms often follow nutrient enrichment. Differences among lakes in light‐absorbing dissolved organic carbon (DOC) may shift bloom thresholds to higher nutrient loads and thereby increase resilience of lakes to enrichment. To explore this idea, we measured resilience to experimental enrichment of two lakes with contrasting DOC concentrations. We compared bloom thresholds in both lakes using a model of phytoplankton response to DOC and nutrients, a dynamic time series indicator of resilience, and two empirical measures of stochastic resilience, mean exit time and median survival time. For the dynamic indicator and ecosystem model the lake with higher DOC was more resilient to enrichment. However, the distributions overlapped for stochastic indicators of resilience of the two lakes. These analyses show that DOC interacts with mixing depth and zooplankton biomass to affect resilience. Strong contrasts in DOC and many observations are needed to discern effects of DOC on resilience to enrichment.
Progress in Chemical Recycling of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composites
Authors: Liu Tuan , Shao Lin , Zhao Baoming , Chang Yu‐Chung , Zhang Jinwen 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCarbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites are indispensable in a variety of applications, because of their high specific strength. CFRPs are generally constructed by carbon fibers as reinforcements and crosslinked polymers as binders. Due to the irreversible nature of the crosslinked polymers, CFRPs are neither repairable nor recyclable. Once the material is damaged or out of service, landfill or incineration is the typical way to deal with the waste. These methods take no advantages of the residue value of the waste and add burdens to the environment. To reduce waste and cost, it is desirable to develop effective recycling technologies to reserve the residue value of carbon fiber and polymer matrix. In the past decade, chemical recycling by cleaving the covalent bonds in a solvent has been considered as an ideal path for the recycling of CFRP wastes, because it has the potential to recover both valuable CFs and polymer matrix. In this review, the discussion is focused on the progress in the chemical recycling of CFRP. The primary matrix resin of CFRP discussed in this review is epoxy resin which is the most widely used polymer matrix. In addition, the challenges and outlook are provided.
Uric Acid in Parkinson′s Disease: What Is the Connection?
Authors: Seifar Fatemeh , Dinasarapu Ashok R. , Jinnah H. A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractNumerous studies have linked Parkinson′s disease (PD) with low levels of uric acid (UA). Low UA has been associated with the risk of developing PD, and its progression and severity. The biological mechanisms underlying these relationships have never been firmly established. The most frequently proposed mechanism is that UA is an antioxidant. Low UA is thought to predispose to oxidative stress, which contributes to dopamine neuron degeneration, and leads to initial appearance of symptoms of PD and its worsening over time. Several recent studies have questioned this explanation. In this review, we describe the biology of UA, its many links with PD, evidence regarding UA as an antioxidant, and we question whether UA causes PD or contributes to its progression. We also address the possibility that something about PD causes low UA (reverse causation) or that low UA is a biomarker of some other more relevant mechanism in PD. We hope the evidence provided here will stimulate additional studies to better understand the links between UA and PD. Elucidating these mechanisms remains important, because they may provide new insights into the pathogenesis of PD or novel approaches to treatments. © 2022 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Ultra‐wideband metamaterial absorber based on frequency selective resistive film for 5G spectrum
Authors: Ruan Jiu F. , Meng Zi F. , Zou Rui Z. , Pan Sheng M. , Ji Sheng W. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAn ultra‐wideband metamaterial absorber (MA) is proposed for 5G communication, which features a resistive frequency selective surface printed on a PET (polyethylene terephthalate) layer and a ground layer of resistive film. The proposed MA can provide over 90% absorptivity in the frequency range of 11.2–42.8 GHz. Moreover, it is insensitive to polarization and wide incident angles. The effective medium theory and multi‐reflection interference theory are used to interpret the broadband absorption mechanism. The surface current distribution at three absorption peaks is investigated to further study the physical mechanism behind the wideband absorption. The measured results of the fabricated prototype are in good agreement with the simulation ones, thus verifying the robustness of the design. The presented MA can probably be used in electromagnetic shielding of 5G signals.
Update on artificial insemination: Semen, techniques, and sow fertility
Authors: Mellagi Ana P. G. , Will Kelly J. , Quirino Monike , Bustamante‐Filho Ivan C. , Ulguim Rafael da R. , Bortolozzo Fernando P. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOver the years, reproductive efficiency in the swine industry has focused on reducing the sperm cell number required per sow. Recent advances have included the identification of subfertile boars, new studies in extended semen quality control, new catheters and cannulas for intrauterine artificial insemination (AI), and fixed‐time AI under commercial use. Therefore, it is essential to link field demands with scientific studies. In this review, we intend to discuss the current status of porcine AI, pointing out challenges and opportunities to improve reproductive efficiency.
Predictive factors of occult cervical lymph node metastasis in tongue cancer
Authors: Nguyen Khoi A. , Le Khanh Quoc 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionCervical lymph node metastasis is the most important prognostic factor in tongue carcinoma. Prophylactic neck dissection improves patient survival, but there are negative impacts on quality of life; consequently, we investigated the predictive factors of occult neck metastasis.ObjectivesFirst, we wanted to identify the rate of occult nodal metastases in patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the tongue who had been diagnosed with clinically negative lymph nodes. Second, we explored possible factors that could predict cervical lymph node metastasis.MethodsThe present study was observational and included 62 patients with clinically node‐negative (cN0) oral tongue SCC between September 2019 and December 2020. Clinical presentation, radiological characteristics (tumor size, depth of invasion [DOI], neck lymph node), and pathology (histological grade, DOI, lymphovascular space invasion [LSVI], perineural invasion [PNI], worst patterns of invasion [WPOI‐5], and number of metastasis nodes) were analyzed.ResultsThe rate of occult metastasis was 24.2%. Multivariate analysis indicated WPOI‐5 was an independent prognostic factor. Clinical and histological parameters such as DOI on computerized tomography (CT) (> 7 mm)and DOI on pathology (> 7 mm) showed a significant correlation with the risk of lymph node metastasis but were not strong enough to be independent prognostic factors. The DOI values measured on CT showed a strong correlation with the DOI values on pathology (correlation coefficient = 0.788).ConclusionPatients with positive WPOI‐5, CT‐DOI, and pathological DOI > 7 mm were at high risk of developing cervical lymph node metastasis. We suggest prophylactic neck dissection for these patients.
Protecting great apes from disease: Compliance with measures to reduce anthroponotic disease transmission
Authors: Nuno Ana , Chesney Chloe , Wellbelove Maia , Bersacola Elena , Kalema‐Zikusoka Gladys , Leendertz Fabian , Webber Amanda D. , Hockings Kimberley J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe emergence of infectious diseases, such as COVID‐19, impacts livelihood strategies and conservation tools reliant on human‐wildlife interactions, such as wildlife‐based tourism and research. This is particularly relevant to great ape conservation, as humans and great apes are susceptible to being infected by similar pathogens.Evidence‐based strategies are required to prevent infectious disease transmission to great apes and people involved in, or living close to, tourism sites. The development of disease‐safe recommendations and their effective operationalisation require an understanding of what affects visitor compliance.Based on an international sample of past (N = 420) and potential future visitors (N = 569) to wild great ape tourism sites in Africa, we used an online questionnaire to characterise visitors' practices, assess expectations (e.g. about proximity to great apes) and identify key factors related to potential compliance with disease mitigation measures. This was implemented adapting a framework from health literature (the Health Belief Model; HBM), particularly focused on reducing COVID‐19 transmission at an early stage of the pandemic.Visitors expressed less willingness to being vaccinated against COVID‐19 (which, at the time our survey was conducted, had only just started being administered to very high‐risk groups), wearing a facemask during trekking (although willing when viewing the apes) and quarantine after international travel before visiting great apes. Region of nationality, expectations about the visitor experience and perceived effectiveness of specific measures were important factors explaining variation in potential compliance across multiple behaviours.By gaining a better understanding of what fosters compliance with disease mitigation measures, we obtained insights that are essential for assessing feasibility, facilitating effective communication, and guiding implementation at great ape tourism sites with importance not only for COVID‐19 but also for other infectious diseases more broadly, particularly at early stages of future pandemics. While requiring adaptive management as situations evolve (e.g. vaccination becoming more widely accessible), these will contribute towards a more sustainable visitor experience that can effectively deliver positive outcomes for people and biodiversity.Read the freePlain Language Summaryfor this article on the Journal blog.
Rapid self‐healing and adhesion nanocomposite physical hydrogels based on dynamic coordination bond
Authors: Liu Xinxin , Chang Minmin , Zhang Hui , Ren Junli 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this work, we developed a simple one‐pot strategy to prepare the self‐healing and adhesion nanocomposite hydrogel without crosslinking agent. The metal coordination bond between carboxyl group and Al3+ and the electrostatic interaction between carboxylate cellulose nanofibers (CNF) and quaternary ammonium xylan (QAX) had a positive influence on the mechanical strength of nanocomposite hydrogel, in which the maximum tensile strength and elongation at break of composite hydrogel were 31.1 kPa and 2971%, respectively. Meanwhile, the nanocomposite hydrogel exhibited rapid self‐healing properties, and the healing efficiency reached 95% within 2 h. In addition, the nanocomposite hydrogel possessed adhesion and could adhere to different materials. The hydrogel can detect the changes of human skin during the movement due to its ionic conductivity properties caused by addition of Al3+. We expect that this strategy may enrich the applications of biomass hydrogels in the field of wearable devices.
Thermal and mechanical characteristic investigation of the hybridization of basalt fiber with aramid fiber and carbon fiber
Authors: Karacor Berkay , Ozcanli Mustafa 
Published: September 2022

AbstractComposite structures have become one of the most preferred materials in the automotive industry by being improved day by day with their high strength per weight performance as well as their lightness. Natural fiber reinforced composite structures have an important share among all composite forms with recent developments. In this study, composite products in which epoxy resin is the matrix element with different stacking orders were produced by vacuum assisted resin transfer method. Basalt fabric was hybridized with carbon fabric and aramid fabric and the effect of this hybridization on thermal properties, mechanical properties, and morphological effects were examined. The mechanical test results indicated the tensile strength of the basalt/carbon hybrid configuration composite structure gave %40.18 better results than the basalt/aramid hybrid configuration structure. In terms of microhardness, in basalt/carbon hybrid configuration %22.34 better results were obtained in comparison with basalt/aramid hybrid configuration. Moreover, thermal analysis results displayed hybrid samples increased the combustion initiation temperature compared to homogeneous samples. In addition, the dominance of carbon fabrics was observed in the determination of cold crystallization temperature in hybrid samples, while basalt materials were predominant in melting temperature. Results of the article displayed that the carbon fiber hybridization to basalt fabric will greatly improve the deformation resistance and heat resistance of the materials compared to the aramid fabric hybridization process.
Study of polycarbonate–polystyrene interfaces using scanning transmission electron microscopy spectrum imaging (STEM‐SI)
Authors: Pal Ruchi , Sikder Arun K , Saito Kei , Funston Alison M , Bellare Jayesh R 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPolymer blends are important for both commercial utility and scientific understanding. The degree of interfacial mixing in polymer blends is important since it influences the blends' mechanical properties. Understanding bulk properties in multiphase polymeric materials requires knowledge of the interfacial properties of the materials. The characterization of the interface, in terms of its width and composition profile, provides insight about the bulk behaviour of the material. Chemical microscopy through electron energy‐loss spectroscopy (EELS) in a transmission electron microscope is gaining popularity to characterize narrow polymer–polymer interfaces. In this work, we show how scanning transmission electron microscopy spectrum imaging, a spatially resolved energy‐loss spectroscopy, can be employed to calculate the interfacial width in a pair of immiscible polymers, taking a polycarbonate–polystyrene (PC‐PS) bilayer as an example. By mapping peaks unique to each of the blend constituents at several points across the interface, we show how the interfacial profile concentrations can be determined. With this method we calculated the interfacial width in the PC‐PS bilayer sample to be approximately 32 nm, even utilizing low resolution spectrometers, which are more widely available. Using the technique described with higher resolution EELS instruments having a better signal‐to‐noise ratio, a higher spatial resolution can be achieved. Using EELS chemical fingerprints of polymers that have been developed earlier, the technique presented here has the potential for effective visualization and morphological measurements of phase‐differentiated polymer blends. This paper is an attempt to enable a new user to characterize polymer–polymer interfaces using chemical microscopy. © 2022 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Proteomics reveals MRPL4 as a high‐risk factor and a potential diagnostic biomarker for prostate cancer
Authors: Fu Qihuan , Hong Ruixia , Zhou Hang , Li Ying , Liu Xiu , Gong Jiaqi , Wang Xiaoyang , Chen Jiajia , Ran Haiying , Wang Liting , Li Fang , Yuan Jiangbei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThrough digital rectal examinations (DRE) and routine prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) screening, early prostate cancer (PC) treatment has become possible. However, PC is a complex and heterogeneous disease. In vivo, cancer cells can invade adjacent tissues and metastasize to other tissues resulting in hard cures. Therefore, the key to improving PC patients’ survival time is preventing cancer cells’ metastasis. We used mass spectrometry to profile primary PC in patients with versus without metastatic PC. We named these two groups of PC patients as high‐risk primary PC (n = 11) and low‐risk primary PC (n = 7), respectively. At the same time, patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH, n = 6) were used as controls to explore the possible factors driving PC metastasis. Based on comprehensive mass spectrometry analysis and biological validation, we found significant upregulation of MRPL4 expression in high‐risk primary PC relative to low‐risk primary PC and BPH. Further, through research of the extensive clinical cohort data in the database, we discovered that MRPL4 could be a high‐risk factor for PC and serve as a potential diagnostic biomarker. The MRPL4 might be used as an auxiliary indicator for clinical status/stage of primary PC to predict patient survival time.
Pulmonary exacerbations, airway pathogens, and long‐term course of lung clearance index in children and young adults with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Hatziagorou Elpis , Avramidou Vasiliki , Gioulvanidou Maria , Talimtzi Persefoni , Kouroukli Eleana , Mantsiou Chrysanthi , Lialias Ioannis , Nousia Lemonia , Tsanakas John 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundPulmonary exacerbations (PEx), pathogens colonizing the respiratory tract, and patients' age are associated with progressive worsening of lung function among patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). However, the effect of these factors on longitudinal changes of Lung Clearance Index (LCI) remains unclear.AimTo assess the role of age, different types of bronchial infection, and PEx on LCI deterioration.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study assessing multiple‐breath washout (MBW) and spirometry changes among CF patients evaluated at quarterly outpatient clinic visits over 8 years. MBW and spirometry were performed at each visit, sputum samples and/or cough swabs were obtained for culture, whereas respiratory symptoms and clinical examination findings were recorded. Patients who had ≥5 serial MBW measurements, one of which coincided with a pulmonary exacerbation, were reviewed.ResultsSeventy‐six patients were included in the study: mean age of 10.61 years (range 1.75–23.75). A total of 1152 MBW tests and 1047 spirometry tests were performed. LCI was significantly higher among CF patients aged 11–15, 16–20, and over 20 years than those under 5 years of age; ΔLCI: 1.16 (confidence interval [CI] 0.43–1.90) and 3.25 (CI 2.33–4.17), respectively. Furthermore, LCI was significantly elevated in CF patients with positive cultures for Pseudomonas aeruginosa (0.52 LCI [CI −0.12 to 0.71]) and Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia (1.41 LCI [CI 0.61–2.21]). Moreover, increased values of LCI in CF patients were significantly associated with increased risk of PEx (odds ratio [OR] 1.19, CI [1.14–1.25], p < 0.001).ConclusionLCI demonstrates a progression of lung disease and corresponds to changes in bacterial infections and PEx among patients with CF. LCI may be a valuable marker for tracking disease deterioration and may have a role in the routine clinical care of patients with CF.
Microbiologic and virulence characteristics ofMoraxella catarrhalisisolates from Zambian children presenting with acute pneumonia
Authors: Nawa Mukena , Mwansa James , Mwaba John , Kaonga Patrick , Mukubesa Andrew N. , Simuyandi Michelo , Chisenga Caroline C. , Alabi Peter , Mwananyanda Lawrence , Thea Donald M. , Chilengi Roma , Kwenda Geoffrey 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundMoraxella catarrhalisis one of the bacterial pathogens associated with childhood pneumonia, but its clinical importance is not clearly defined.ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the microbiologic and virulence characteristics ofM. catarrhalisisolates obtained from children with pneumonia in Lusaka, Zambia.MethodsThis retrospective, cross‐sectional study analyzed 91 M. catarrhalisisolates from induced sputum samples of children less than 5 years of age with pneumonia enrolled in the Pneumonia Etiology Research for Child Health study in Lusaka, Zambia between 2011 and 2014. Bacteria identification and virulence genes detection were performed by PCR and DNA sequencing, while antimicrobial susceptibility testing was determined by the Kirby–Bauer method.ResultsAll theM. catarrhalisisolates were obtained from good‐quality sputum samples and were the predominant bacteria. These isolates harbored virulence genescopB(100%),ompE(69.2%),ompCD(71.4%),uspA1(92.3%), anduspA2(69.2%) and were all β‐lactamase producers. They showed resistance to ampicillin (100%), amoxicillin (100%), trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole (92.3%), ciprofloxacin (46.2%), chloramphenicol (45.1%), erythromycin (36.3%), tetracycline (25.3%), cefuroxime (11.0%), and amoxicillin‐clavulanate (2.2%), with 78.0% displaying multi‐drug resistant phenotype but all susceptible to imipenem (100%).ConclusionThis study showed thatM. catarrhalisisolates were the predominant or only bacterial isolates from the sputum samples analyzed. The findings provide supportive evidence for the pathogenic potential role of this bacterium in pediatric pneumonia. High multidrug resistance was also observed amongst the isolates, which can result in affected patients not responding to standard treatment, leading to prolonged illness, increased healthcare costs, and risk of death.