bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Link between Regional Trade of Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania and Sustainability of the Countries
Authors: Okoli  Millicent Adaeze , Abegunde  Ibrahim 
Published: December 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the link between regional trade of Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania and sustainability of the countries.
Methodology: The study utilized a nonexperimental panel study. Panel data analysis was adopted in this study because of the sample size and the data used is cross-sectional. To test for autocorrelation, two common tests were used. That is the Baltagi and Wu’s LBI test or the Durbin Watson modified test. These tests are able to handle all sorts of panel data with minimal bias and great efficiency.
Results: The region recorded an average 26.02% GDP investment rate. There was an average 41.99 percent and 2.03 percent growth in extra regional and intraregional trade respectively. This clearly showed that the EAC countries (Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda) have participated more in trade with other non-EAC member states than with EAC member states.
Conclusion: From the empirical findings, this study concludes that sustainability and trade in the Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania have a relationship that varies across countries. Kenya has a significant unidirectional relationship between intra-regional trade and the growth of GDP per capita while all the other countries reveal that such a relationship does not exist.
Recommendation: Policy recommendations suggested that Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania presidents should implement strategies that enhance cooperation and integration. This is the case because empirical results indicate intra-regional trade contributes a huge chunk with respect to economic growth in the EAC countries.
Influence of Seed Priming on Germination of Pea (Pisum sativum)
Authors: Wagan Maqsood Ali , Shar Hussain Ali , Miano Tanveer Fatima , Chandio  Sagar Raza , Suthar Munesh , Wagan Muhammad Khan , Kumar Ajay , Wagan Farhan Ali , Magsi Hube Ali 
Published: December 2022

Purpose: The Seed priming is an efficient method for synchronizing germination and increasing seed vigor. The experiment was performed in Sindh Agriculture University, Tando Jam, Sindh, Pakistan, to study and quantify the effect of different types of seed priming on the seed germination percentage and shoot and root length of pea.
Methodology: The experiment was laid down in randomized complete block design with split plot arrangements. Five different priming treatments we used; T1 Soaking in water for 12 hours, T2 Soaking in 50oC hot water for 10 minutes, T3 Soaking in 2% NaCl solution for 10 minutes, T4 Soaking in 50% H2SO4 solution for 10 minutes, T5 Control (no priming).
Findings: The results indicated a significant/ high effect of the priming treatments on the germination percentage, length of shoot, and length of roots. The highest germination percentage about (98%), the highest length of shoot about (4.26 cm), and the highest length of root about (10.92 cm) were observed from T3. The lowest germination percentage about (76%), the lowest length of shoot about (2.24cm), or the lowest length of root about (1.12 cm), result was observed from the (T5). These treatments were followed by germination percentage of about (94%), shoot length about (3.54 cm), and the length of root about (9.74 cm) from T2. It was followed by germination percentage of (88%) shoot length about (3.34 cm), length of root about (8.28 cm) from T1. This was followed by the germination percentage about (86%), shoot length about (2.44 cm), and length of root about (8.4 cm) from T4.
Conclusion: Result of this experiment show significant effect of the priming treatment on the majority of seed germination and growth of components in the pea grain, including seed germination percentage, shoot and root length of pea.
Recommendations: The study recommended that farmers to adopt seed priming. These practices among smallholder’s farmers should focus on enhancement of farmer awareness and know about seed priming. When farmers see that seed does not germinate properly like they expect, they should apply seed priming treatments.
Language Barriers in Marriage: A Catalyst for Broken Homes and Students’ Poor Academic Performance
Authors: Oguche Thankgod Emmanuel , Daniels Ifunanya Cecilia , Diffang Abel Dayo 
Published: December 2022

Purpose: The study examined language barriers in marriage as a catalyst for broken homes and students’ poor academic performance. The study aimed at finding solutions to the various causes of broken homes and its negative effects on students’ academic performance. The issue of broken homes has over the years created some bottlenecks in children education. This state of affair has gone a long way to affect negatively on the academic performance of the child in school especially junior and senior secondary school students. This is because the much needed supports for the child in school are always absent. In Nigeria today there are growing proportion of broken homes and poor academic performance of students at all levels in schools in Nigeria.
Methodology: The research adopted a descriptive research design.
Findings: Findings showed that language barriers, lack of time management, poverty, over reaction, parental or friends influence, health and infertility and lack of effective communication are the main causes of broken homes among couples; emotional and psychological trauma, anxiety, truancy and laziness to class work activities negatively affects students’ poor academic performance in schools.
Conclusion: Consistent endurance, transparency, understanding, sympathy, sharing, caring, devotion and faithfulness are the major solution to broken homes.
Recommendations: The study recommend homes reconciliation and forgiveness (there should be adequate reconciliation and forgiveness to foster unity, love and acceptance by couples) and the government, counsellors, teachers, religious leaders and humanitarian groups should encourage couples to cherish their cultural values, particularly religious norm to foster good relationship back home. Also, should exercise divine guidance to discourage divorce in the light of God’s word.
South Africa's Implementation of Ecocentric Educational and Policy Goals in Relation to the Environment and Natural Resources
Authors: Wentzel Stanley , Zwane Zandile N 
Published: December 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the ecocentric goal of education and policies on sustainable environmental protection in South Africa.
Methodology: The study design was a mixture of descriptive and philosophical approaches. Purposive sampling was used to select the documents analyzed and officials interviewed, while the citizens were snowballed.
Findings: The study found out that the implementation of the ecocentric goal of education and policies has been ineffective.
Conclusion: The study concluded that awareness, values, attitudes, skills, on sustainable environmental protection should be supported by prior knowledge.
Recommendation: The study recommended applicable alternative strategies to supplement for effective implementation of the ecocentric goal of education and policies towards sustainable environmental protection in light of Environmental Citizenship: a theory that explains citizenry practices that reflect environmental ethics and responsibility in view of values, attitudes and skills for sustainable environmental protection.
Challenges to Environmental Education in Senior High Schools in Kumasi, Ashanti Region, Ghana
Authors: Mohammad  Abdul Rahim , Adam  Robert Kader 
Published: December 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate barriers hindering successful Environmental Education implementation in Kumasi sub- region in Ghana.
Methodology: The descriptive survey design was used as it came in handy in describing the existing conditions. Data was collected using questionnaires. Data was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 16 computer package. The findings of the study were presented in tables.
Findings: The findings of this study revealed a positive relationship between independent and dependent variables. Specifically, it was noted that there was a positive correlation between teacher attitude, r (.45), student attitude, r (.53), administration support, r (.62) and curriculum design, r (.58) and implementation of Environmental education .
Conclusion: The study concluded that teacher attitude, student attitude, administration support and curriculum design were barriers to implementation of environmental education in public day senior high schools in Kumasi sub- region.
Recommendations: The study recommended the strengthening and clarity of policy guidelines towards environmental education and enhancement of mechanisms to enable administration support. The study also recommend training and empowerment of teachers in matters related to environmental education.
Factors Impacting Kigali, Rwanda Pre-School Teachers' Attitude towards Teacher-Centred and Child-Centred Teaching Methods
Authors: Mugisha Patrick Yona 
Published: December 2022

Purpose: This study looked at the variables that affect pre-school teachers' perceptions of teacher- and child-centered instruction in Kigali.
Methodology: This study used survey and observation research techniques in an ex post facto descriptive methodology. A questionnaire with three sections served as the primary tool. The data were analyzed using T-test and Spearman Rho Correlation Matrix.
Findings: The findings showed that teacher-centered and child-centered teaching strategies are the two main approaches adopted by preschool instructors. The academic degree of the instructor has an impact on the teaching methods she chooses, with highly educated teachers favoring child-centered approaches to instruction. The findings also shown that teachers' attitudes shift from being teacher-centered to being child-centered as their ages increase.
Conclusion: Less tax compliance is observed during trainings, which influences pre-school teachers' views on the shift from a teacher-centered to a child-centered teaching approach.
Recommendation: It is obvious that appropriate techniques should be employed to raise kids who are curious, self-reliant, emotionally mature, and capable of making good decisions. At the preschool level, child-centered instruction is the suggested teaching strategy.
Closing Mitral Paravalvular Leak: Comparing Catheter-based Transapical Option against Surgical Treatment Option
Authors: Shahid Fahim , Rahman Ibrar , Mughal Adan Khan , Khan Muhammad Ullah 
Published: December 2022

Purpose: The goal of this study was to compare the closure of catheter-based transapical option against surgical treatment option for mitral paravalvular leak.
Methodology: The study employed a retrospective observational study design to compare closure of mitral paravalvular leak using catheter-based transapical option and surgical treatment option. The study had a sample size of 76 patients who were grouped into surgical group or catheter group. The surgical group was allocated 49 patients after re-do surgery while the catheter group was allocated 27 patients after transapical catheter–based treatment.
Findings: According to the study’s result, in-hospital myocardial necrosis occurred in 9 (18%) cases in the surgical group and none in the catheter group, p = 0.018. Procedure-related life-threatening bleeding occurred in 9 (18%) patients in the surgical group and none in the catheter group, p = 0.018. Nine (18%) patients died in 30 days in the surgical group, and none died in the catheter group, p = 0.039. A mean follow-up was 3.3 years. No difference was found between the groups by the degree of residual paravalvular regurgitation either at discharge or at follow-up. During the follow-up, 19 (39%) patients died in the surgical group and 2 (7%) among the catheter patients.
Conclusion: Transapical catheter-based closure of mitral paravalvular leak seems to be a safer treatment procedure than conventional re-do surgery, and the effectiveness of these procedures does not differ.
Contributing Factors to Osteoporosis and Osteopenia in Adults above 55 Years: A Case Study of Patients Visiting Federal Diagnostic Centre
Authors: Khan Ali Minhas , Muhammad Muhammad Arain , Sahni Bilal , Muhammud Khan Uzair 
Published: December 2022

Purpose: Screening can help in early detection of osteoporosis and osteopenia and help in recommending appropriate treatment thus reducing fracture-related morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to assess the contributing factors to osteoporosis and osteopenia among out-patients aged above 55 years.
Methodology: The study employed randomized clinical trials (RCTs). The identified patients were screened using bone tests such as DXA, quantitative ultrasound, and the Bone Mineral Density (BMD) as the standard. This was measured using the Calcaneal Quantitative Ultra Sound (QUS). The study also used a structured questionnaire to identify the socio-demographic profile of the patients and clinical risk assessments for osteoporosis or fracture risk. The sample size was 250 out-patients aged above 55 years.
Findings: The study found out that lower back pain and knee pain were the common musculoskeletal presentations. It was evident that osteoporosis and osteopenia was common in out-patients who had low exposure to sunlight (71%). The study found that major contributing factors to osteoporosis and osteopenia are advanced age, low bone mineral density score, hysterectomy, gender, and educational status.
Conclusion: The study conclude that people aged above 55 years are at high risk of suffering from osteoporosis and osteopenia.
Recommendation: The study recommend people above 55 years to undergo screening to facilitate early detection of osteoporosis and osteopenia. This will help them in getting appropriate and timely management of symptoms and improve their quality of life.
Implications of the Principals' Leadership Behavior on Teachers' Morale in High Schools in Ethiopia
Authors: Tibebu  Ruphael Awash , Neway  Elsa Zema 
Published: December 2022

Purpose: This study sought to investigate how principal leadership behavior affected teachers' motivation in Ethiopia.
Methodology: The study used a descriptive survey design with 2,696 teachers and all 249 principals from the 249 public secondary schools in Addis Ababa as its target population. 25 schools, including boys' boarding, girls' boarding, mixed day, mixed day and boarding, and mixed boarding schools, were chosen using stratified sampling. To take part in the study, all 25 of the principals from the sampled schools were specifically chosen. 270 instructors were chosen at random to participate in the survey, for a total of 295 respondents. The study employed questionnaires as the main tool for data collection. Before data collection, a pilot study was conducted in two schools from Addis Ababa to pre- test the instruments.
Results: The survey found that the majority of Addis Ababa's teachers used democratic and laissez-faire methods. However, a sizeable percentage of the instructors said that the principals exhibited autocratic leadership, which is disheartening. This is because principals stifled teachers' opinions and they felt excluded from participation in decision-making at the school. Additionally, the survey discovered that democratic leadership was most frequently favored by teachers, followed by laissez-faire and authoritarian leadership.
Conclusion: The study comes to the conclusion on that hat the principal’s activities show how his or her leadership style. Therefore, strong administrative leadership would result in a fan a favorable work atmosphere,, enhanced instructional goals and successful school initiatives
Recommendation: According to the study, in order to lead effectively, a school's principal must use a variety of leadership techniques depending on the environment and circumstances present. The Ministry of Education is advised to schedule routine school inspections in order to track principals' use of leadership techniques that may increase high levels of teacher motivation.
Impact of Leadership Techniques on the Performance of the South African Telecommunication Sector
Authors: Wentze Stanley , Zwane Zandile 
Published: December 2022

Purpose: This study's goal was to ascertain how leadership behaviors affected the South African telecommunications sector's performance.
Methodology: All employees at the Vodacom corporate office were the objective of this study, which employed a descriptive research approach. With the aid of stratified random sampling, 98 respondents made up the sample size. Both primary and secondary data were used into the study. The primary data was collected utilizing interview guides and structured questionnaires. Later, utilizing helpers, the surveys were self-administered. Different methods of obtaining information from managers to confirm the answers to the questionnaires were utilized using the interview guide. By examining the annual financial records over a period of ten years, secondary data were acquired (2004- 2014). Software from the statistical package for social sciences was used to examine the statistical data that was gathered (SPSS).
Results: Results of the study demonstrated that at Vodacom Limited, performance was certainly influenced by leadership style. The comprehensive statistical analysis of the data gathered provided a clear picture of the link that currently exists and the effect that leadership styles have on organizational performance. Overall findings indicated a favorable association between transactional and transformational leadership and organizational success. As predicted, relationship analysis demonstrated a favorable relationship between all transformational leadership characteristics and organizational performance.
Conclusion: Distinct leaders and organizations have different leadership philosophies. Organizations in both the public and commercial sectors place a high importance on leadership as a resource for managing their constantly changing operating conditions.
Recommendation: According to the study, top management in businesses should make every effort to set a better example for their employees, motivate them by giving their jobs purpose and challenge, encourage their efforts to be innovative and creative, and carefully consider each person's need for growth and benefit.
Optimization of Supply Chains and Service Delivery in Selected Ugandan Charitable Organizations
Authors: Nsereko  Komakech Kizza , Nanzekho  Sarah Natela 
Published: December 2022

Purpose: This study aims to determine how supply chain optimization affects service delivery in a few Ugandan charitable organizations.
Methodology: The study employed a descriptive design and a census survey sample approach because it was just 28 people in the population being studied. A self-administered questionnaire containing both open-ended and closed-ended questions was used to collect the data. All quantitative variables were estimated using descriptive statistics, such as percentages, means, standard deviations, and frequencies. The data was collected, analyzed using multiple regressions, and then displayed as tables and graphs.
Results: The study's conclusions showed that supply chain optimization has a significant impact on how well certain Ugandan humanitarian organizations deliver their services. The majority of supply chain optimization's components, including transportation and distribution, depend on technology to operate at their best, according to the study.
Conclusion: Service delivery was found to have a favorable and statistically significant link with inventory management, strategic sourcing, and technology.
Recommendation: The report suggests that humanitarian organizations integrate supply chain operations utilizing technology to increase efficiency and accountability and to develop the skills of their human resources to meet the difficulties of the contemporary supply chain.
Significance of (IFMI) Integrated Financial Management Information System on the Effectiveness of Congo's Government Procurement
Authors: Mputu  Pauline Banza , Safi  Marie Monique 
Published: December 2022

Purpose: investigate the influence of IFMIS on Public Procurement Performance in Kinshasa Province.
Methodology: The study also adopted a descriptive research design, where the target population comprised of 100 individuals in top management, departmental staff, and supervisors. A sample of 80 respondents was selected, representing 80% of the population. Statistical software for social sciences SPSS (version 16) was employed in data analysis. Qualitative data was analyzed using content analysis. Quantitative data was analyzed through the use of descriptive statistics which include: frequencies, percentages, means, standard deviations as well as multiple linear regression model.
Results: Study findings concluded that IFMIS had a significant relationship with public procurement performance, as demonstrated by the four study variables, since significant relationships were established between IFMIS control systems, online tendering, automated planning, automated supplier engagement on public procurement performance.
Conclusion: The study concluded that IFMIS has influence on public procurement performance in Kinshasa province government. Changing either IFMIS control systems, online tendering, automated planning and automated supplier engagement would significantly affect public procurement performance.
Recommendation: This study recommends that province governments should put policies flexible enough to handle technological changes. Policies to strengthen the IFMIS platform should be put in place to ensure the systems control mechanisms are safeguarded.
Video-Based Education Improves Sampling (Grossing) Confidence in Pathology Trainees
Authors: Chornenkyy Yevgen , Gelarden Ian A. , Felicelli Christopher , Blanco Luis Zabala , Maniar Kruti P. , Novo Jorge Eduardo 
Published: December 2022

Context.—
Pathology resident education has a steep learning curve. Specimen sampling (grossing) is a procedural task, and procedural fields add video materials to their curricula to familiarize trainees with procedure(s), reduce errors, and improve patient care. Our team applied this strategy to develop original in-house sampling videos for our program.

Objectives.—
To evaluate the effect of in-house sampling videos on resident sampling confidence.

Design.—
Sampling videos covering all major organ systems (AMOS) were created for our postgraduate year 1 (PGY1) trainees. Videos were hosted on a Northwestern cloud server for on-demand access. Trainees completed 3 surveys (0, 6, 12 months) evaluating sampling confidence comparing those who used in-house videos as an educational supplement with those who did not use the videos.

Results.—
Sampling confidence significantly improved at 6 and 12 months (P &lt; .001) across AMOS and PGY levels. When compared with those who did not use in-house sampling videos, trainees who supplemented their education with in-house sampling videos had significantly higher confidence ratings across AMOS and PGY levels at the start of the study (P &lt; .001) and at 6 months (P = .004). Sampling confidence significantly improved for PGY1 trainees at 6 and 12 months (P &lt; .001); for PGY2 and PGY3 trainees, confidence significantly improved at 6 months (P &lt; .001). When evaluated by organ-specific analyses, sampling and teaching confidence improved across all organ systems and, except for the gastrointestinal system, reached significance at 12 months for all PGY levels.

Conclusions.—
Sampling videos, when used as a supplement to the existing curriculum, significantly improved trainee confidence.