bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lyapunov-Guided Embedding for Hyperparameter Selection in Recurrent Neural Networks
Authors: Vogt Ryan , Zheng Yang , Shlizerman Eli 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) are ubiquitous computing systems for sequences and multivariate time series data. While several robust architectures of RNN are known, it is unclear how to relate RNN initialization, architecture, and other hyperparameters with accuracy for a given task. In this work, we propose to treat RNN as dynamical systems and to correlate hyperparameters with accuracy through Lyapunov spectral analysis, a methodology specifically designed for nonlinear dynamical systems. To address the fact that RNN features go beyond the existing Lyapunov spectral analysis, we propose to infer relevant features from the Lyapunov spectrum with an Autoencoder and an embedding of its latent representation (AeLLE). Our studies of various RNN architectures show that AeLLE successfully correlates RNN Lyapunov spectrum with accuracy. Furthermore, the latent representation learned by AeLLE is generalizable to novel inputs from the same task and is formed early in the process of RNN training. The latter property allows for the prediction of the accuracy to which RNN would converge when training is complete. We conclude that representation of RNN through Lyapunov spectrum along with AeLLE, and assists with hyperparameter selection of RNN, provides a novel method for organization and interpretation of variants of RNN architectures.
Early Thermographic Screening of Breast Abnormality in Women with Dense Breast by Thermal, Fractal, and Statistical analysis
Authors: Singh Deepika , Singh Ashutosh Kumar , Tiwari Sonia 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objectives: Breast cancer is the prime reason for mortality due to cancer in women across the globe and India. Early screening to identify breast abnormality before the actual symptoms are visible, is the only effective way of reducing associated mortality. Breast thermography, which is a non-invasive, painless, non-toxic, and cost-effective method, can potentially be used for early screening, especially to identify lesions in dense breasts. Methods: The current study is a single-center preliminary thermography based study of 5 malignant and 7 benign female subjects that highlights the correlation of thermal, statistical, and fractal features obtained from thermograms (malignant and benign), with the clinical characteristics of the patients. Results: Comparison of mean surface temperatures of 12 subjects shows that the contralateral breast temperature difference is more than 0.5˚C for malignant cases, whereas, for benign cases, the value is between 0 to 0.2˚C. Also, the fractal dimension of the hot spot boundary in the malignant breast side is greater than the corresponding fractal dimension on the contralateral side. Conclusion: The proposed study is able to identify malignancy in dense breasts cases and benign cases requiring follow-up after screening to reduce the chances of breast cancer progression.
Molecular characterization of a novel polymycovirus identified from phytopathogenic fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides
Authors: Cao Jun Jie , Xie Fang Ling , Zhang Zheng Bing , Zhu hong Jian , Zhou Xin Yu 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A novel polymycovirus isolating from plant-pathogenic fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides was identified. The virus were composed nine RNA segments, ranging from 699 bp to 2,444 bp, and except that RNA5 contains two open reading frames (ORF5-1 and ORF5-2), other RNA segement contain only one ORF. In addition,the proteins encoded by ORFs 1-8 were homologous to the protein encoded by ORFs 1-8 in Colletotrichum camelliae filamentous virus 1(CcFV-1) by BLASTp. The amino acid sequence between the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) encoded by ORF1 and the viral methyltransferase encoded by ORF3 shared 87.6% and 83.3% identity with CcFV-1. The proline-alanine-serine-rich protein (PASrp) encoded by ORF4 shows 86.6% sequence homology to that of CcFV-1. The sequence homology of proteins encoded by ORFs2, 5-1, 6, 7 and 8 with the corresponding proteins of CcFV-1 was 86.6%, 82.5%, 89.0%, 45.7% and 95.5%, respectively. However, RNA9 is a defective RNA of RNA2, missing the 1556 bp (nt 519 to nt 2074) intermediate fragment of RNA2. Phylogenetic analysis based on RdRp protein indicated that the virus, which is the phylogenetically closest relative of CcFV-1, clustered with members of the family Polymycoviridae, so we tentatively named it "Colletotrichum gloeosporioides polymycovirus virus 1" (CgPmV1). To our knowledge, this is the first report of a defective polymycovirus in C. gloeosporioides.
Radicals Persistent above 300 ℃: from Framework Design to Solar Vapor Generation
Authors: Ye Xinhe , Chung Lai-Hon , Li Kedi , Zheng Saili , Lung Wong Yan , Feng Zihao , He Yonghe , Chu Dandan , Xu Zhengtao , He Jun 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The strong, stable radical signal is forged from two levels of structural design. On the molecular level, we fused terephthalic acid with two 1,4-dithiin (-S-CH = CH-S-) units to afford a polycyclic (3-ring), sulfur-rich linker (TTA) with versatile reactivity—e.g., for generating stable radicals. On the solid-state level, the linker was crystallized with Eu(III) to form EuTTA as a 3D metal-organic framework (MOF) featuring stacks of TTA molecules along the Eu-carboxyl rod domain. As revealed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, the slightly loosened packing of the TTA molecules allows wiggle room for uniquely selective thermal reactions: among the repeat of three TTA molecules along the stack, one first transforms into benzodithiophene (by extruding one S atom from each of the dithiin wings) at 230°C, while the other two TTA molecules only react at higher temperatures (e.g., 300–350°C)—to form bis(dithiole) and other sulfur-stabilized radicals, as well as covalent crosslinks thereof. Aside from the highest thermal stability observed of its radicals (above 300°C), the black MOF product (i.e., EuTTA-350; obtained from heating at 350°C) remain crystalline, and water/air-stable, and features strong broad absorption in the visible and near IR region. As a result, EuTTA-350 achieves highest efficiencies in both photothermal conversion and solar-driven water evaporation among MOF materials, holding promise in solar steam generation.
Patient-Level Cost Estimation for Health Services at Secondary Hospital, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Mehmood Asim , Ahmed Zafar , Ghilan Khalid , Azeez Fahad Khan , Rehman Wajiha , Idrees Sumaira , Akhtar Sohail , Dohare Sushil , verghase Joe 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Costing information can help to improve the quality of medical care budgeting. It can also improve the efficient allocation of resources and patient outcomes. In recent years, cost analysis studies have increased awareness of hospital cost structures that are considered important to improving the quality and efficiency of healthcare services. The objective of this study was to estimate the inpatient unit cost of healthcare services in a secondary hospital, Saudi Arabia. Methodology: A cross-sectional retrospective approach was applied to categorize the inpatients discharged from the hospital from January 2018 to December 2018. A top-down costing method for cost estimation was applied because it is less time-consuming, cheaper, and at the same time, provides an accurate method for the regular hospital costing exercise. Results: The hospital departments were divided into three cost centers, namely, overhead center, intermediate cost center and final care cost center. We found that the overhead cost center that includes the supporting departments of the hospital holds 40.17% of the total hospital cost. Intermediate cost center and final care cost center consumed 25.50% and 34.33% respectively. Among inpatients wards, the Surgical ward had the highest operational cost (39.27%) as well as had the highest per patient cost. Human resource consumed highest resources (75%) of the hospital in terms of salaries. Conclusion: The cost structure of the hospital was not remarkable and needs revolutionary changes to adopt the new payment mechanism envisioned in 2030 Saudi vision. However, this study can be used as benchmark to conduct costing studies in other hospitals of the country.
Comparison of arthroscopic internal drainage and open excision for the treatment of popliteal cysts
Authors: You Chao , Cheng Zhen , Xia Yongjie , Deng Chao , Zhou Yibiao 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to introduce the arthroscopic internal drainage with anterior-anteromedial approach for the treatment of popliteal cysts in children. To compare its clinical efficacy with open surgery.Methods This was a retrospective case-control study of 102 patients diagnosed with popliteal cysts from January 2018 to February 2020 who received surgery. The study included 27 cases with minimally invasive group (MI group) and 75 cases with open surgery group (OS group). The MI group included 21 males and 6 females, age 6.71±2.16 years who received arthroscopic internal drainage of the cysts to adequately widen the valve opening between the cyst and the articular cavity, excised the fibrous diaphragm without complete excision of the cyst wall. The OS group included 57 males and 18 females, age 6.21±1.67 years who received open excision. The clinical parameters regarding the preoperative characteristics and surgical results were compared. Ultrasound or MRI was used to identify the recurrence of the popliteal cysts. Rauschning-Lindgren grade was recorded to evaluate the clinical outcome.Results All patients were followed up for at least 24 months. There were no significant differences between the two groups in age, gender, left and right sides, disease time, cyst size, length of hospitalization, preoperative Rauschning-Lindgren grade (p>0.05). At the last follow-up, the preoperative and postoperative Rauschning-Lindgren grade was improved in both groups. Compared with the OS group, operation time was significantly shortened in the MI group (28.89±4.51 min vs 52.96±29.72 min, p<0.05). The MI group was superior to the OS group in terms of blood loss and plaster fixation, with statistical significance (p<0.05). There was obvious difference in recurrence rate between the two groups (0% vs 17.33%, p=0.018). No postoperative complications occurred during the follow-up period.Conclusions Compared with open excision, the treatment of popliteal cyst in children by arthroscopic internal drainage to expand the articular cavity and eliminate the “one-way valve” mechanism between the cyst and the articular cavity exhibits better clinical outcomes and significantly reduces the recurrence rate, which is worthy of further clinical promotion.
Short-term outcomes of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) for ankle fracture: a single-center retrospective cohort study
Authors: Zeng Hui , Yao Yuefeng , Li Guoqing , Liu Su , Chen Yixiao , Li Jing , Deng Jiapeng , Wei Yihao , Gao Liang , Wang Deli 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) has been successfully adopted for the improvement of medical quality and efficacy in many diseases but the effect among the ankle fracture patients is variable. We intended to explore the short-term outcomes of ERAS among ankle fracture patients.Methods: One hundred sixty ankle fracture participations (41.71 ± 14.51 years-old) grouped into two groups (non-ERAS Vs. ERAS) with an average of 24 months follow-up were included in the retrospective study. Multivariable linear regression analysis and generalized estimating equation (GEE) model were performed to assess the association of outcomes including American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS), length of stay (LOS), and hospital cost.Results: Analysis revealed that the patients in the ERAS group could obtain higher AOFAS score with LOS or hospital cost reduction than that in the ERAS group (p＜0.05) at month 3 postoperatively (PO3M) and month 6 postoperatively (PO6M). However, outcomes were comparable at month 12 postoperatively (PO12M) and later.GEE analysis and group by time interaction of AOFAS revealed the ERAS protocol could help ankle fracture patients recover faster and better in the short-term.Conclusions: Ankle fracture patients could recover better with the application of the ERAS protocol, especially in the short-term periods, all patients would obtain comparable function PO12M later. The ERAS protocol might improve medical quality and efficacy by reducing LOS and hospital costs as well. The current study would provide a realistic evaluation and comparison of the ERAS protocol among the ankle fracture patients for the surgeons in the short-term.
Homo-oligomer models prediction, functional characterization, and Ab initio docking analysis of hypothetical protein HP33 from Vibrio harveyi strain
Authors: Islam Sk Injamamul , Sanjida Saloa , Mou Moslema Jahan , Mahfuj Sarower , Rahman MD. Habibur , Islam Md Jakiul , Yeasmin Syeda Maksuda , Nasir Saad 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
It is reported that antigenicity of a unique hypothetical protein named HP33 of Vibrio harveyi Y6 strain causes scale drop and muscle necrosis disease (SDMND) in Lates calcarifer. This distinct protein was found from only V. harveyi SDMND and is responsible for 40-50% mortality. Despite these devastating complications, there is still no cure or vaccine for the disease. As a result, the current work sought to elucidate the roles of HP33 protein. The sequence similarity was searched across the available bioinformatics databases to find the homologous protein. This hypothetical protein is known to be an unstable, nonpolar, and outer membrane protein based on its subcellular localization and physicochemical properties. Functional annotation tools predicted our target protein has only a single domain. The random coil was found to be predominant in the secondary structure. Quality evaluation methods were used to predict and confirm the secondary and tertiary structure. After YASARA energy minimization, the 3D structure became more stable, which was confirmed by many quality assessment methods. Additionally, the active site and interacting proteins were examined. An important biological activity of the HP is that it contains single functional domains that may be responsible for representing a biosynthetic gene cluster. In addition, protein-ligand docking analysis showed two possible drug molecules against HP33 pathogenesis. Finally, the homo-oligomers models prediction and ab-initio docking results will provide good insights for further immunological study which might be of significant relevance to future V. harveyi genetics research.
The clinical significance of Body Mass Index in evaluation of acute pancreatitis in China
Authors: Zheng Zhi Xue , Bi Jing Tao , Cai Xuan , Liu Ya Qi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
ObjectiveThe main objective was to investigate the early assessment value of Body Mass Index in the prediction of severity in acute pancreatitis. MethodsThe retrospective analysis was designed to assess the relationship between Body Mass Index and the severity of acute pancreatitis in Beijing Jishuitan Hospital from January 2018 to December 2019. Using SPSS 20.0 software for statistical analysis, and Logistic Regression for the factors affecting the severity of acute pancreatitis, and draw the ROC curve to test the effectiveness to the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. ResultsThe BMI was significantly correlated with the Ranson scoring and MCTSI scoring (P=0.000, 0.000). The difference of BMI in MAP and SAP patients was statistically significantly (P=0.000). The Logistic Regression indicated that BMI was an independent risk factor for the severity of acute pancreatitis. Combined detection of BMI, WBC, serum calcium, and SAMY in prognosis of the severity of acute pancreatitis positive rate is higher than single positive rate. ConclusionThe BMI gradually increased with the severity of acute pancreatitis, and was an independent risk factor for the condition. Combined detection of BMI, WBC, serum calcium, and SAMY can effectively improve the acute pancreatitis patients’ clinical diagnostic accuracy and early treatment, and help to reduce the complications.
Low N2O emissions induced by root-derived residues compared to aboveground residues of red clover or grasses mixed in the soil hinge on slow decomposition rate
Authors: Bleken Marina Azzaroli , Rittl Tatiana Francischinelli , Nadeem Shahid 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
IPCC default guidelines assume a constant N 2 O emission factor (EF N2O ) for belowground residues (BGR) as for aboveground residues (AGR) and that following the renewal of temporary grasslands, BGR contribute ~70% of total N 2 O emissions from nonremovable residues (BGR+Stubble). However, empirical data on N 2 O emissions from BGR not confounded with AGR are lacking. We hypothesized that in leys EF N2O would be considerably lower for BGR than AGR because root chemical composition and tight interaction with soil particles provide protection from decomposition.Soil rich in fresh BGR (in situ roots of a grass mixture or of red clover) and BGR-free soil were incubated alone or mixed with stubble or herbage and different KNO3 doses, over 107 days in a clay loam kept at 15 °C and 60% water-filled pore space. The results indicate that the effect of plant residues on N2O emissions depends on the enhancement of soil respiration. The carbon decay rate was an abundant order of magnitude lower in BGR than in AGR. Correspondingly the ratio of BGR EFN2O to that of AGR was ~0.06. Furthermore, the EFN2O of BGR remained low also in presence of an abundant dose of KNO3. In contrast, the EFN2O of AGR depended on their C:N ratio or on the presence of NO3 - in the soil. The recalcitrance of BGR was not linked to common quality parameters as C:N. Improved N2O accounting should consider the effect of labile carbon in crop residues and the singular recalcitrance of the roots, in addition to the residue N content.
Association between cancer stem cell gene signature and prognosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Kim Su Il , Woo Seon Rang , Noh Joo Kyung , Lee Min Kyeong , Lee Young Chan , Lee Jung Woo , Kong Moonkyoo , Ko Seong-Gyu , Eun Young-Gyu 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Various cancer stem cell (CSC) biomarkers and genes encoding them in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) have been identified and evaluated. However, the validity of these factors in the prognosis of HNSCC has been questioned and remains to be ascertained. In this study, we examined the clinical significance of CSC biomarker genes in HNSCC by using five publicly available HNSCC cohorts.Methods: To predict the prognosis of patients with HNSCC, we developed and validated CSC gene signatures whose mRNA expression was correlated with at least one of four CSC genes, CD44, MET, ALDH1A1, and BMI1.Results: Patients in TCGA HNSCC cohort were classified into CSC gene-associated high-risk (CSC-HR; n=285) and CSC gene-associated low-risk (CSC-LR; n=281) subgroups. The 5-year overall survival and recurrence-free survival rates were significantly lower in the CSC-HR subgroup than in the CSC-LR subgroup (p=0.04 and 0.02, respectively). The clinical significance of the CSC gene signature was validated using four independent cohorts. Cox proportional hazards models showed that the CSC gene signature was an independent prognostic factor for patients with HNSCC. Furthermore, CSC gene signature was associated with the prognosis of patients with HNSCC who received radiotherapy or those with HPV (-) status.Conclusion: The CSC gene signature was associated with the prognosis of HNSCC and may help in personalized treatments for patients with HNSCC.
A simple cognitive method improving prediction for matters of taste: exploiting the wisdom-of-crowd effect within-person
Authors: Fujisaki Itsuki , Honda Hidehito , Ueda Kazuhiro 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We often need to predict how much others will be satisfied with something they have not experienced thus far. In such a situation, how can we accurately predict it? Previous studies have indicated that by referring to the extent to which people themselves have enjoyed something, they could predict others’ future satisfaction to some extent. In this study, we proposed a method that can further improve such predictions. This method is expected to allow the participants to exploit the Wisdom of crowd within a person for a matter of taste. Specifically, for a single target, the participants produced two opinions from different perspectives: the degree to which they preferred something and the estimated ‘public opinion’. Through two behavioural studies and computer simulations, we confirmed the effectiveness of our method; specifically, blending the two opinions could enhance individual’s predictions. Subsequently, we mathematically analysed how our method worked and identified several factors that influenced our method’s efficiency. Several contributions of the wisdom-of-crowd research were discussed.
SSR marker-based genetic characterization of Turkish Oriental Tobaccos
Authors: Saygili Ibrahim , KANDEMIR Nejdet , KINAY Ahmet , AYTAC Selim , AYAN Ali Kemal 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background Turkey is one of the traditional oriental tobacco producing countries. Oriental tobaccos produced in Turkey are ecotypes specific to certain regions, local varieties and landraces, and they have unique characteristics. The present study was conducted to reveal the general and interregional genetic diversity levels of tobacco genotypes collected from different regions of Turkey based on DNA markers. Methods and Results 319 ecotypes/lines of Turkish Oriental Tobaccos collected from different regions (Aegean Region, Marmara Region, Karadeniz Region, and East and Southeast Anatolia Regions) of Turkey and cultivars Xanthi 81, Xanthi 2A, Canik Sitmasuyu, Katerini, Canik 190-5 and NC 55 were subjected to SSR marker analysis. A total of 89 alleles were obtained from 21 markers examined, and the average number of alleles per marker was 4.05. Nineteen polymorphic SSR markers find outed 314 unique genotypes among 319 tobacco plants evaluated. In the dendrogram constructed SSR marker data, genotypes were divided into six clades in account geographic regions and levels of genetic diversity. Conclusions The fact that only five of these genotypes were the same as another, in other words, the presence of 314 unique genotypes among 319 tobacco plants evaluated was another finding indicating the high level of genetic diversity in Turkish tobaccos. These genotypes could be tobaccos of different origins, and they merit further agronomic and technological characterizations.