bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on evaluation indicators of protective effect and eligibility criteria of phase Ⅲ clinical trial of vaccine
Authors: Wang Ruyun 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The phase Ⅲ vaccine trial is a field evaluation.It is of important value to study the current evaluation indicators of vaccine protection effect and the existing eligibility criteria for testing vaccines that are affected by local public health measures. We derive the magnification between the statistical bias of the incidence in phase Ⅲ vaccine trials and the bias of the current vaccine protection rate. This magnification is directly controlled by the public health protection rate, the greater the public health protection rate, the greater the magnification times. It reveals the internal mechanism that the current vaccine protection rate is not suitable for the evaluation of vaccines. The correctness of the conclusions was further verified using data from the phase Ⅲ trial of the available COVID-19 vaccine. An equivalent relationship with the existing eligibility criteria for testing vaccines was established by using the comprehensive protection rate with comparability and computational stability. It is proved that with the increase of public health protection rate, the existing eligibility criteria for testing vaccines will lead to the difficulty of vaccine approval.
A Randomized Trial on the Effect of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulator on Glycemic Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Lu Jin-Ying , Ou Horng-Yih , Wu Chung-Ze , Yang Chwen-Yi , Jiang Ju-Ying , Lu Chieh-Hsiang , Jiang Yi-Der , Chang Tien-Jyun , Chang Yi-Cheng , Hsieh Meng-Lun , Wu Wan-Chen , Li Hung-Yuan , Du Ye-Fong , Lin Ching-Han , Hung Hao-Chang , Tien Kai-Jen , Yeh Nai-Cheng , Lee Shang-Yu , Yu Hui-I , Chuang Lee-Ming 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulator (TENS) has been demonstrated to be beneficial in glycemic control in animal models, but its application in humans has not been well studied. We randomly assigned 160 patients with type 2 diabetes on oral antidiabetic drugs 1:1 to the TENS study device (n=81) and placebo (n=79). 147 (92%) randomized participants (mean [SD] age 59 [10] years, 92 men [58%], mean [SD] baseline HbA1c level 8.1% [0.6%]) completed the trial. At week 20, HbA1c decreased from 8.1% to 7.9% in the TENS group (-0.2% [95% CI: -0.4% to -0.1%]) and from 8.1% to 7.8% in the placebo group (-0.3% [95% CI: -0.5% to -0.2%]) (P = 0.821). Mean amplitude of glycemic excursion (MAGE) at week 20 were significantly different (66 mg/dL [95% CI: 58, 73] vs. 79 mg/dL [95% CI: 72, 87]) (P = 0.009). Besides, we noticed that hypoglycemia accounted for 6/54 (11%) of total adverse events and 14/46 (30%) in the TENS vs. the placebo groups. Our study provides the clinical evidence for the first time in humans that TENS does not demonstrate a statistically significant HbA1c reduction. However, it is a safe complementary therapy to improve MAGE in patients with type 2 diabetes.
World Development and Generation of Waste
Authors: Mendoza Ronaldo Rosales , Lima Aline Maria Menguins da , Pimentel Marcia Aparecida da Silva , Pontes Altem Nascimento , Rocha Edson José Paulino da 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Nowadays, it is almost impossible argue about global development without immediately stopping to think about waste; it is claimed that waste materials are correlated with the growth of population as a consequence of consumption habits. The applied multivariable statistical analysis, both quantitative and qualitative of the BIG DATA of the OECD in the period of 1960–2050 of the World Bank from the decades of 1990–2020, and SCOPUS (1996–2020) using applied multivariate statistics. The results reveal that consumption habits are strongly influenced by access to public services more than by purchasing power, in addition, it was determined that the rate of subscriptions to cellular service is a catalyst for population indicators and ordinary waste, study shows the trace of evolution due to the most significant advance in communication technologies.
Evolutionary conservatism of color pattern in freshwater bivalves
Authors: Asato Kaito , Nakayama Kentaro 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The phylum Bivalvia is one of the most successful at survival groups of animals with diverse color patterns on their shells, and they are occasionally preserved in the fossil record as residual color patterns. However, the fossil record of the residual color patterns in freshwater bivalves could be traced only to the Miocene, greatly limiting color pattern evolution knowledge. We present the color patterns of the Cretaceous freshwater bivalves (hereinafter the Kitadani Freshwater Bivalves) from Japan, which is the oldest and the second fossil record of freshwater molluscan color patterns. The Kitadani Freshwater Bivalves consists of two types of color patterns: stripes along the growth lines and radial rays tapered toward the umbo, which resemble that of the colored bands of extant freshwater bivalves. This resemblance of the color patterns between the Kitadani Freshwater Bivalves and the extant species indicates that the color patterns of the freshwater bivalves have remained unchanged for approximately 120 million years, representing an extreme evolutionary conservatism. To explain this evolutionary conservatism, we advocate two conceivable factors: one is promoted by monotonous habitats typical of freshwater ecosystems, and the predation pressure by visual predators against such pressure for camouflaging in freshwater sediments.
Intercomparison of regional loss estimates from global synthetic tropical cyclone models
Authors: Meiler Simona , Vogt Thomas , Bloemendaal Nadia , Ciullo Alessio , Lee Chia-Ying , Camargo Suzana , Emanuel Kerry , Bresch David 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tropical cyclones (TCs) cause devastating damage to life and property. Historical TC data is scarce, complicating adequate
TC risk assessments. Synthetic TC models are specifically designed to overcome this scarcity. While these models have been evaluated on their ability to simulate TC activity, no study to date has
focused on the model performance and applicability in TC risk
assessments. This study performs the first model intercomparison of four different global-scale synthetic TC datasets in the impact space, comparing impact return period curves, probability of rare events, and hazard intensity distribution over land. We find that the model choice influences the costliest events, particularly in basins with limited TC activity. Modelled direct economic damages in the North Indian Ocean, for instance, range from 40 to 246 billion USD for the 100-yr event over the four synthetic hazard sets. We furthermore provide guidelines for the suitability of the different synthetic models for various research purposes.
Specific Intracellular Signature of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Using Confocal Raman Microscopy
Authors: Salehi Hamideh , Ramoji Anuradha , Mougari Said , Merida Peggy , Neyret Aymeric , Popp Juergen , Muriaux Delphine , Horvat Branka , cuisinier frederic 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection remains to spread worldwide and requires a better understanding of virus-host interactions. Here, we analyzed biochemical modifications due to SARS-CoV-2 infection in cells by confocal Raman microscopy. Obtained results were compared with the infection with another RNA virus, the measles virus. Our results have demonstrated a virus-specific Raman hallmark of molecular signature, reflecting intracellular modification during each infection. Advanced data analysis has been used to distinguish non-infected versus infected cells for two RNA viruses. Further, classification between non-infected and SARS-CoV-2 and measles virus-infected cells yielded an accuracy of 98.9 and 97.2 respectively, with a significant increase of the essential amino-acid tryptophan in SARS-CoV-2-infected cells. These results present proof of concept for the application of Raman spectroscopy to study virus-host interaction and to identify factors that contribute to the efficient SARS-CoV-2 infection and may thus provide novel insights on viral pathogenesis, targets of therapeutic intervention and development of new COVID-19 biomarkers.
Identification of B3GNT6 Gene Associated with Development of Colon Carcinoma by Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis
Authors: Yuan Lebin , Cheng Fei , Wu Zhao , Shen Wei 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Colon cancer (COAD) stem cells are resistant to cancer treatment, so they are easy to lead to tumor progression after routine treatment failure. However, little is known about the molecular mechanism of cancer cells. The purpose of our study is to identify differential gene modules and representative candidate biomarkers for the clinical prognosis of patients, help to predict the prognosis and reveal the mechanism of cancer progression. In our study, based on the tumor Genome Atlas (TCGA) COAD database and gene expression profiles of GSE44076 from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), the differentially co-expressed genes in COAD and normal tissues were explored. Combined with weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and differential gene expression analysis, 451 differential co-expression genes were screened out. As shown by functional annotation analysis using R clusterProfiler software package, these genes are mainly enriched in lipid catabolic process (biological process), cell apical part (cellular component) and phosphate hydrolase activity (molecular function). In addition, in the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, 20 hub genes (ACAA2, FABP1, ACOX1, EHHADH, CPT2, ACADS, CPT1A, MT1G, MT1E, MT1X, MT1H, PPARGC1A, ACSS2, MT2A, MT1F, CRAT, UGT2B17, B3GNT6, and MUC4) were identified using Cytoscape's CytoHubba plug-in. Based on Kaplan–Meier univariate survival analysis and UALCAN database analysis, lower expression of B3GNT6 was associated with better overall survival (OS), which could greatly influence cancer development. Also, online TIMER and CIBERSORT database showed that there was a great correlation between high B3GNT6 gene expression and immune infiltrating cells in poor tumor progression. Finally, we verified the protein levels of B3GNT6 through HPA database. In conclusion, our study shows that B3GNT6 can play an important role in the progression of colon cancer and serve as potential biomarkers for future diagnosis and treatment.
Diagnostic challenges of pericardial mesothelioma: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Kejriwal Nand K. , Thanalingam Yattheesh , Sinha Sanjay , McCormack David J 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background Primary pericardial malignant mesothelioma (PPMM) is a rare malignancy arising from the serous mesothelial lining of the pericardium. These neoplasms are aggressive in nature, pose diagnostic difficulties, have a poor prognosis, and have a median survival of fewer than six months. Case presentation The first case involves a 75-year-old woman who presented with progressively worsening dyspnoea, unintentional weight loss, intermittent fevers, and chest pain. A chest computed tomography (CT) scan revealed thickened pericardium and two large pericardial masses anterior to the right ventricle. The second case involves a 77-year-old man who presented with progressively worsening dyspnoea, fatigue, and decreased exercise tolerance. A chest CT scan revealed an irregular soft tissue mass posterior to the left atrium with bilateral pleural effusions and an absence of mediastinal lymphadenopathy. Histopathological analysis of both cases revealed malignant pericardial mesothelioma with homozygous deletion of CDKN2A. Due to extensive disease, both patients were referred to medical oncology for palliative chemotherapy. Both patients died two months following receiving a formal diagnosis of PPMM. Conclusion PPMM remains a rare and poorly understood malignancy of undetermined aetiology. We describe two cases of PPMM and provide an update and guidance on the contemporaneous management of this challenging condition.
Post-Earthquake Safety and Resilience of Concrete Bridges with Debonded High-Strength Reinforced Concrete Encased-and-Filled Steel Tubular Columns
Authors: Du D.F , Wang Junhua , Su C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this study, debonded high-strength rebar (DHSR) is used to reinforce a concrete encased-and-filled steel tubular (CEFST) column, reducing residual deformation through high elastic self-centering (SC). The experimental results confirm that the CEFST column with DHSR has a strong SC capacity. Owing to the simple and low-cost technology, the advantages of the standard CEFST columns, the resilient CEFST column is an ideal option for constructing bridge columns. A bridge archetype with four spans and two-column bents is designed to compare seismic responses and post-earthquake resilience. The steel-bond slip due to debonding is described using the softening of Young’s modulus of DHSR, which is used to simulate the seismic behaviors of the CEFST columns with DHSR. The applicability is verified by comparing the hysteretic behaviors between the experimental and predicted results. An incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) of bridge archetypes is performed, based on 20 ground motions to accumulate a database for fragility analysis. The results show that the yield and failed lateral drifts of the CEFST bridge column with DHSR are larger than that of other types of CEFST bridge columns. The seismic and fragility analyses of the residual lateral drift results indicate that DHSR can greatly improve seismic safety and post-earthquake resilience. Further refinement of the predictions of the residual lateral drift based on the JAR and FEMA codes is required.
Dose-response prediction for in-vitro drug combination datasets: a probabilistic approach
Authors: Rønneberg Leiv , Kirk Paul D.W. , Zucknick Manuela 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this paper we propose PIICM, a probabilistic framework for dose-response prediction in high-throughput drug combination datasets. PIICM utilizes a Permutation Invariant version of the Intrinsic Co-regionalization Model for multi-output Gaussian Process regression, to predict dose-response surfaces in untested drug combination experiments. Coupled with an observation model that incorporates experimental uncertainty, PIICM is able to learn from noisily observed cell-viability measurements in settings where the underlying dose-response experiments are of varying quality, utilize different experimental designs, and the resulting training dataset is sparsely observed. We show that the model can accurately predict dose-response in held out experiments, and the resulting function captures relevant features indicating synergistic interaction between drugs.
Lack of extracellular matrix switches TGF-β-induced apoptosis of endometrial cells to Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal transition through AKT, ERK and SMAD2/3-depdendent mechanisms
Authors: Ruiz-Mitjana Anna , Navaridas Raúl , Vidal-Sabanés Maria , Perramon-Güell Aida , Felip Isidre , Eritja Núria , Egea Joaquim , Encinas Mario , Matias-Guiu Xavier , Dolcet Xavier 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The extracellular matrix and the correct establishment of epithelial cell polarity plays a critical role in epithelial cell homeostasis and cell polarity. In addition, loss of tissue structure is a hallmark of carcinogenesis. In this study, we have addressed the role of extracellular matrix in the cellular responses to TGF- β. It is well known that TGF-β is a double-edged sword: it acts as a tumor suppressor in normal epithelial cells, but conversely has tumor-promoting effects in tumoral cells. However, the factors that determine cellular outcome in response to TGF-β remain controversial. Here, we have demonstrated that the lack of extracellular matrix and consequent loss of cell polarity inhibits TGF-β-induced apoptosis, observed when endometrial epithelial cells are polarized in presence of extracellular matrix. Rather, in absence of extracellular matrix, TGF-β-treated endometrial epithelial cells display features of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. We have also investigated the molecular mechanism of such a switch in cellular response. On the one hand, we found that the lack of Matrigel results in increased AKT signaling which is sufficient to inhibit TGF-β-induced apoptosis. On the other hand, we demonstrate that TGF-β-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition requires ERK and SMAD2/3 activation. In summary, we demonstrate that loss of cell polarity changes the pro-apoptotic function of TGF-β to tumor-associated phenotype such as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. These results may be important for understanding the dual role of TGF- β in normal versus tumoral cells.
Adaptive reuse of historical buildings: The case of Qishla castle in Koya city
Authors: Mustafa Faris Ali 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Preserving historical buildings is very essential as they represent socio-cultural indicators of the past. During their life stages, historic buildings may lose their function and become deserted. Adaptive reuse is a way to sustain a building by changing its function according to the needs of its area and the current context. Qishla Castle is one of the most important historical buildings in Koya, Iraq. In addition to its historical and cultural status, it has an important geographic location in the city centre. This paper aims to test the potentiality of reusing this important historical building. The Adaptive Reuse Potentiality (ARP) model was used and discussed in the context of its application to the Qishleh Castle in Koya. To apply this model to the Qishla area, a working paper was prepared, including a set of questions about the building, these questions were answered based on a survey and interviews with archaeologists. Thus, using mathematical equations, the physical life of the building is estimated at 250 years, the age of the building is 152 years, the useful life is estimated at 161 years, and the value of (ARP) is 62.24%, that is, Qishla building has a high potential for adaptive reuse.
Nonlinear dynamics in a discrete-time predator-prey system
Authors: Liu Yun , Liu Xijuan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this article, the nonlinear dynamics of a discrete-time predator-prey system with simplified Holling type IV functional response are reported. Possible codimension-two bifurcations (1:2, 1:3 and 1:4 strong resonances) are investigated under variation of two parameters for certain critical values. For each bifurcation, normal form coefficients along with its scenario are investigated thoroughly. Besides, the numerical simulations have been done, in addition to supporting the analytical findings, more behaviors are extracted from the model, such as fractal structures, mode-locking structures, etc. Our results generate and improve some known results and show that the discrete model has richer dynamics than the continuous one.
A manganese oxide/MOF nano-composite for the adsorption of methylene blue from an aqueous solution
Authors: Geranmayeh Shokoofeh , Moradi Arezoo 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Metal-organic framework composites exhibit several advantages, including water stability which is critical for the actual applications of MOF in aqueous-phase media. In this regard, a new MnO2/IRMOF-3 composite material was synthesized via the bottle-around-ship method and characterized using different methods such as FT-IR, PXRD, BET, TGA SEM-EDX analyses. The diffraction peaks reveal the high crystallinity of prepared material. Decrease in surface area for the composite material compared to IRMOF-3 can be attributed to the partial filling of the IRMOF-3 pores by the MnO2 nanoparticles. The potential of the synthesized material was examined for the removal of methylene blue from an aqueous solution. The effect of adsorbent dosages, adsorbate concentration, pH of the solution, and adsorbant-adsorbate contact time was investigated. The synthesized material shows high efficiency in removing the methylene blue from an aqueous solution at almost neutral pH conditions with low contact time. The results reveal the advantages of composite material over parent MOF material for applications in aqueous media.
Effect of maca powder supplementation to growing quail diets on performance, carcass, serum constituents and hormones, and bone and ileum characteristics
Authors: Olgun Osman , GÜL Esra Tuğçe , TÜZÜN Ahmet Engin , YILDIZ Alpönder 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This study research was carried out to determine the effects of the supplementation of maca powder at different levels to the diet on performance, carcass characteristics, serum biochemical constituents and hormone concentrations, bone biomechanical properties and ileum histomorphology in Japanese growing quails. In the study, a total of 480 day-old and mixed sex Japanese quail chicks were randomly distributed to six treatment groups with four subgroups. Experimental diets were formulated by adding 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 g/kg maca powder to the basal diet. At the end of the experiment, the body weight and body weight gain increased linearly with the addition of maca powder up to 1.0 g/kg to the diet, feed conversion ratio was also linearly affected and improved significantly at 1.5 g/kg compared to other groups. While the treatments did not affect the slaughtering parameters except for testis weight, testis weight improved linearly with addition of increased levels of maca powder. In female quails, albumin level of the serum decreased linearly with the addition of maca powder to the diet, while in males, triglyceride and cholesterol levels decreased linearly, and albumin, calcium, phosphorus levels were also affected quadratically.While serum hormone concentrations were not affected by the treatments in females, follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinising-hormone were quadratically affected in male quails, and testosterone concentrated linearly with increased levels of maca, and also reached the highest value at 2.5 g/kg. Shear force and shear stress were positively affected by the addition of maca powder up to 1.0 g/kg to the diet, while negatively affected by higher maca powder levels. Villus height, villus width, crypth depth, and villus surface area increased linearly with the administration of maca powder at increased levels to the diet, and the best result was obtained at the level of 2.0 g/kg in these parameters. According to the results obtained from the present research, it can be said that the addition up to 2.0 g/kg maca powder to growing quail diets could be improve performance, serum hormone concentrations, bone biomechanical traits, and ileum parameters.