bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Range shifts in butternut, a rare, endangered tree, in response to past climate and modern conditions
Authors: Schumacher Emily , Brown Alissa , Williams Martin , Romero‐Severson Jeanne , Beardmore Tannis , Hoban Sean 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimRange shifts are a key process that determine species distributions and genetic patterns. A previous investigation reported that Juglans cinerea (butternut) has lower genetic diversity at higher latitudes, hypothesized to be the result of range shifts following the last glacial period. However, genetic patterns can also be impacted by modern ecogeographical conditions. Therefore, we re‐investigate the genetic patterns of butternut with additional northern population sampling, hindcasted species distribution models and fossil pollen records to clarify the impact of glaciation on butternut.LocationEastern North America.TaxonJuglans cinerea (L., Juglandaceae) (butternut).MethodsUsing 11 microsatellites, we examined range‐wide spatial patterns of genetic diversity (allelic richness, heterozygosity, FST) for 1004 previously studied butternut individuals and an additional 757 samples. We constructed hindcast species distribution models and mapped fossil pollen records to evaluate habitat suitability and evidence of species' presence throughout space and time.ResultsContrary to previous work on butternut, we found that genetic diversity increased with distance to range edge, and previously observed latitudinal clines in diversity were likely due to a few outlier populations. Populations in New Brunswick, Canada were genetically distinct from other populations. At the Last Glacial Maximum, pollen records demonstrate butternut likely persisted near the glacial margin, and hindcast species distribution models identified suitable habitat in the southern United States and near Nova Scotia.Main conclusionsGenetic patterns in butternut may be shaped by both glaciation and modern environmental conditions. Pollen records and hindcast species distribution models combined with genetic distinctiveness in New Brunswick suggest that butternut may have persisted in cryptic northern refugia. We suggest that thorough sampling across a species range and evaluating multiple lines of evidence are essential to understanding past species movements.
Association between maternal gestational diabetes mellitus and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein levels in 8‐year‐old children: The Yamanashi Adjunct Study of the Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS)
Authors: Sekine Tetsuo , Tsuchiya Kyoichiro , Uchinuma Hiroyuki , Horiuchi Sayaka , Kushima Megumi , Otawa Sanae , Yokomichi Hiroshi , Miyake Kunio , Akiyama Yuka , Ooka Tadao , Kojima Reiji , Shinohara Ryoji , Yamagata Zentaro ,   The Yamanashi Adjunct Study of the Japan Environment, Children’s Study Group
Published: March 2022

AbstractGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common pregnancy‐related complications; it is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes and metabolic disorders in offspring, consistent with the concept of the developmental origins of health and disease. This cohort study of women without diabetes (n = 761), who were part of the Yamanashi Adjunct Study of the Japan Environment and Children’s Study, aimed to explore the associations between maternal GDM and their offspring’s level of high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hsCRP), a biomarker of inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases. We analyzed the associations between GDM and the offspring’s hsCRP levels using a multiple logistic regression model. A mother with GDM significantly increased the risk for high hsCRP level by 4.07‐fold (≥2.0 mg/L) in the child. As such, maternal GDM was significantly associated with increased serum hsCRP levels in 8‐year‐old children.
Investigation of trapped charges profile for an irradiated insulated material
Authors: Mahdi Ali S. , Al‐Obaidi Hassan N. , Husien Huda K. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe process of examining and analysing insulating materials using a scanning electron microscope usually accompanied by an important phenomenon called the mirror effect or charging effects. Such effects arise due to the ability of insulators to trapping charges at the sample surface for a period. The accumulation of charges leads to creating an electric potential that may be strong enough to deflect incident electrons in the same way a convex mirror scatters light. The created potential depends mainly on the charge amount, charges accumulation profile and the way by which the charges arranging themselves. Present work aims at exploring the influences of the charges distribution profile and their arrangements.In order to achieve such a goal, the sample‐surface potential has theoretically formulated to include various shapes of the accumulated charges. Thereafter, the correspondence expression of the mirror plot curve is defined to link the geometrical distribution of charges. The resultant formula for the surface potential and mirror plot showed that the point charge approximation is a special case of the presented model.The formula of mirror‐plot curve has put forward to be a detection tool for the actual build‐up form that the electrons accumulating might take on the insulator surface. Simulation results have shown that the presented procedure could be adopted to search for the optimum distribution profile that may meet an experimental data. It is found that the most probable profile that accumulated electrons might form is the semi‐hemispheric one. The surface of this profile is generally an ellipsoid of a variant axis rather a flat one. Results also reveal that, all the multipole‐moment types could be formed for any shape of accumulation, but their weightiness progressively decreases whenever the pole‐number increases. Furthermore, the configurations that trapped electrons arrange themselves within each distribution profile can be traced with the variation of scanning potential.
Prospective trial of microneedle fractional radiofrequency in the hand rejuvenation treatment
Authors: Wu Xianglei , Zhu Jiafang , Liu Ying , Cen Qingqing , Shang Ying , Yu Wenxin , Lin Xiaoxi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimThis study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a novel therapeutic strategy, a microneedle fractional radiofrequency system, for hand rejuvenation.Material and MethodSixteen subjects were enrolled in a self‐controlled evaluator‐blind prospective trial. All subjects received three microneedle fractional radiofrequency treatments at 4 weeks intervals. Hand volume was evaluated through subjective (Hand Volume Rating Scale) and quantitative measurements. Patients were also assessed on the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale using digital photographs. Patients were followed up at 1, 3, and 6 months after the last radiofrequency treatment.ResultsStatistically significant improvements on the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale and Hand Rating Volume Scale were noted (p < 0.05). Compared with the control side, the treated hand showed a 44% improvement in dorsal skin surface roughness (p < 0.05). Quantitative measurements of hand volume showed a trend toward increased volume for the treated hand, but the difference was not statistically significant.ConclusionWe conclude that microneedle fractional radiofrequency is a safe therapeutic option for hand rejuvenation.
Development of EPS‐rich herbal shampoo base fermented using Cyclea peltata leaf powder and Lactobacillus plantarum
Authors: Cheni Cheri Devitheertha , Kizhakke Veettil Aparna Satheesh , Pradeep Punya , Nayak Sneha 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundStudies show that the extensive use of chemical shampoos has a negative impact on health. Given the recent trends, the use of herbal shampoos is gaining importance. Cyclea peltata is a common plant in Kerala's coastal region that has traditionally been used to aid in wound healing, allergy relief, and hair and scalp improvement. Greenly produced silver nanoparticles made from plant sources have a wide range of medical applications.ObjectiveThe main objective is to optimize the base of the shampoo with better solid content by OFAT studies and characterize the silver nanoparticles synthesized using post optimized shampoo base.MethodCyclea peltata leaves were fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum for the shampoo formulation, substituting the chemical basis gelatin with an herbal fermented foundation. Silver nanoparticles combined with an herbal formulation should be as safe as herbal shampoo while also being as effective as chemical shampoo. Variation of concentration of Cyclea peltata leaf powder, variation of sucrose concentration, variation of concentration of yeast extract, variation of L. plantarum inoculum, variation of temperature, variation of agitation speed, and variation of time were all studied using the OFAT (One Factor At a Time) method. Silver nanoparticles synthesized using post optimized shampoo bases were also characterized by particle size, zeta potential, and FTIR analysis in order to better understand their properties.ResultsThe results clearly indicated that all the six factors had a significant effect on the growth and production of EPS. The pH considered for the shampoo base is above 5 so as to maintain the acidic mantle of the scalp. Green synthesized silver nanoparticles from post optimized shampoo base were obtained within 17th hour of incubation, with single surface plasmon resonance at 420 nm. Nanoparticles showed a peak at −11.6 mv of zeta potential which means that the particles are less agglomerative and stable. Similar groups were seen in ftir spectrum of fermented silver nanoparticles and the plant extract which confirmed the capping of nanoparticles with plant phytochemicals.ConclusionThe study successfully prepared and characterized green synthesized silver nanoparticles from post optimized shampoo base and also optimized the shampoo base based on the EPS production. Characterization of the silver nanoparticles found that the nanoparticles synthesized were stable, less agglomerative, and had several useful components present in it.
Academic Dependency Theory and the Politics of Agency in Area Studies: The Case of Anglophone Vietnamese Studies from the 1960s to the 2010s
Authors: Chang Yufen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAcademic dependency theory argues that scholars of developing countries uncritically imitate Western academia. Anglophone Vietnamese studies presents a puzzle: many scholars, particularly historians, follow the research frameworks developed in Vietnam and emphasize Vietnam's agency since the field emerged in the 1960s. To explain, this essay conducts content and citation analyses of 25 key texts on history of Vietnam. The findings show that they are influenced by Vietnamese official historiography in the following ways. First, they adopt Vietnam's “nation to nation” framework and essentialize China into a Confucian Other in dealing with the asymmetrical dimension between the two societies. Second, while their works utilize sources in Literary Sinitic, they seem to rely on modern Vietnamese translations and reinterpretations rather than on original primary sources. Third, the scholars are more attentive to Chinese authors' ethnocentrism than to their Vietnamese counterparts, even though ethnocentrism is inherent in both. By following Vietnam's nationalistic historiography and emphasizing Vietnam's agency, Anglophone scholars are wittingly or unwittingly involved in the power struggles between the United States and China, a current hegemon and a historical one that has been rising rapidly in the twenty‐first century.
Postema and the Common Law Tradition
Authors: Lobban Michael 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFirst published in 1986, Gerald Postema’s pathbreaking and influentialBentham and the Common Law Traditionoffered a controversial interpretation of how Bentham sought to combine the certainty of a code with flexibility in adjudication. A second edition of the work came out in 2019, with a significant new Afterword in which Postema addresses some of the criticisms of his interpretation. This article revisits some of Postema’s arguments in the book, assesses the Afterword, and considers how his arguments might have been modified in view of other work he has done on the common law mind.
The Effect of Curvature on the Heat Transfer Performance of Regenerative Cooling Passages for a High-Area-Ratio Nozzle
Authors: Adarsh V. R. , Deepu M. , Salih A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Numerical studies on the flow and heat transfer characteristics of rectangular regenerative cooling passages with lateral curvature for a high-area-ratio nozzle are presented. Unlike regular geometries of coolant paths used in various engineering applications, high-area-ratio rocket nozzles have steeply curved surfaces over which the cooling passages are provided. Though the inherent inward curvature benefits heat transfer enhancement in the throat region, it is insufficient to circumvent peak heat dissipation demand. Hence, the heat transfer enhancement due to lateral curvature of the coolant fluid passages provided near the throat region is explored in this study. Extensive numerical simulations have been performed to analyze the effect of the geometry of the cooling channel on its flow and heat transfer characteristics. The compressible turbulent flow field inside the nozzle has been resolved to understand the realistic local wall heat transfer characteristics of the typical high-area-ratio rocket nozzle using Advection Upstream Splitting Method (AUSM) scheme-based finite volume solver. Menter’s Shear Stress Transport k–ω turbulence model is used to model the turbulent flow inside the nozzle. Simulations of the incompressible coolant flow and conjugate heat transfer in regenerative cooling passages have been performed with realistic spatially varying local heat flux profiles, resulting due to compressible gas expansion in the convergent–divergent nozzle. Secondary flow structures are formed due to the lateral curvature of the coolant fluid passages and are found to enhance the heat transfer considerably. Further, the effect of coolant flowrate and channel curvature have been examined to explore its suitability to negotiate the peak heat flux dissipation demand at the throat region of the nozzle.
Long-Term Parallel Changes of Physical Activity and Body Mass Index in Different Predisposing Risk Trajectories of Obesity
Authors: Naseri Parisa , Amiri Parisa , Mahani Fatemeh , Zareie-Shabkhaneh Amirali , Azizi Fereidoun 
Published: March 2022

Background: The long-term parallel changes of physical activity and body mass index (BMI) in the adult population are still unclear. The present study assessed the association between physical activity and BMI over time, considering obesity risk trajectory groups and sex strata. Methods: Total sample of 6897 adults was followed for an average of 12 years. The reliable and validated Iranian version of the Modifiable Activity Questionnaire measured physical activity. After determining the risk clusters in each reexamination using a 2-step cluster analysis, the latent growth curve modeling was used to identify distinct subgroups of individuals following a similar change of risk cluster over time. Latent growth curve modeling estimated the parameters of cross-sectional, prospective, and parallel associations. Results: Three trajectories were identified, including stable low risk, unstable risk, and stable high risk. The results showed significant increases in BMI (kg/m2/year) for the stable low-risk trajectory group 0.478 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.444 to 0.513), unstable risk 0.360 (95% CI, 0.324 to 0.396), and those in the stable high-risk trajectory group 0.255 (95% CI, 0.221 to 0.289). In cross-sectional −0.483 kg/m2 (95% CI, −0.836 to −0.129) and parallel −0.93 kg/m2 (95% CI, −1.862 to 0.00) estimations, significant statistical associations were observed in the stable high-risk trajectory group. Conclusions: The current results showed that changes in physical activity could slightly affect BMI only in stable high-risk adults.
Temporal sequence of blood lipids and insulin resistance in perimenopausal women: the study of women’s health across the nation
Authors: Yu Wenhao , Zhou Guangshuai , Fan Bingbing , Gao Chaonan , Li Chunxia , Wei Mengke , Lv Jiali , He Li , Feng Guoshuang , Zhang Tao 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionTo explore the temporal relationship between blood lipids and insulin resistance in perimenopausal women.Research design and methodsThe longitudinal cohort consisted of 1386 women (mean age 46.4 years at baseline) in the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation. Exploratory factor analysis was used to identify appropriate latent factors of lipids (total cholesterol (TC); triglyceride (TG); high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C); low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C); lipoprotein A-I (LpA-I); apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I); apolipoprotein B (ApoB)). Cross-lagged path analysis was used to explore the temporal sequence of blood lipids and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR).ResultsThree latent lipid factors were defined as: the TG factor, the cholesterol transport factor (CT), including TC, LDL-C, and ApoB; the reverse cholesterol transport factor (RCT), including HDL-C, LpA-I, and ApoA-I. The cumulative variance contribution rate of the three factors was 86.3%. The synchronous correlations between baseline TG, RCT, CT, and baseline HOMA-IR were 0.284, −0.174, and 0.112 (p<0.05 for all). After adjusting for age, race, smoking, drinking, body mass index, and follow-up years, the path coefficients of TG→HOMA-IR (0.073, p=0.004), and HOMA-IR→TG (0.057, p=0.006) suggested a bidirectional relationship between TG and HOMA-IR. The path coefficients of RCT→HOMA-IR (−0.091,P< 0.001) and HOMA-IR→RCT (−0.058, p=0.002) were also significant, but the path coefficients of CT→HOMA-IR (0.031, p=0.206) and HOMA-IR→CT (−0.028, p=0.113) were not. The sensitivity analyses showed consistent results.ConclusionsThese findings provide evidence that TG and the reverse cholesterol transport-related lipids are related with insulin resistance bidirectionally, while there is no temporal relationship between the cholesterol transport factor and insulin resistance.
Advanced glycation end products correlate with breast cancer metastasis by activating RAGE/TLR4 signaling
Authors: Pan Shuo , Guan Yitong , Ma Yanpeng , Cui Qianwei , Tang Zhiguo , Li Jingyuan , Zu Chao , Zhang Yong , Zhu Ling , Jiang Jie , Liu Zhongwei 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionThis study was aimed to investigate the mechanisms of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in promoting invasion and metastasis of breast cancer.Research design and methodsPatients with 131 breast cancer were enrolled in a cohort and followed up to investigate the association between AGEs and metastasis. Serum AGE concentrations were detected by ELISA. Breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells were exposed to generated AGE-bovine serum albumin (BSA). CCK-8 assay was used to select the non-cytotoxic concentrations of AGE-BSA. Small interfering RNA was used to knock down Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Migration and invasion were evaluated by wound healing and transwell assays. Real-time PCR and western blotting were used to detect the gene expressions.ResultsIn the cohort study, metastasis incidence was significantly correlated with serum AGE concentrations in patients with breast cancer (adjusted OR=1.75, 95% CI=1.20 to 2.57, p=0.004). During follow-up, metastasis interval was significantly shorter in diabetic than non-diabetic subjects. In the in vitro study, AGE-BSA incubation significantly promoted migration and invasion of cancer cells in a concentration-dependent manner. AGE-BSA dramatically increased expressions of receptor for AGEs (RAGE), TLR4, myeloid differentiation factor (MyD88), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), promoted nuclear translocation of nuclear factor κB (NFκB) p65, but decreased the expression of inhibitor of NFκB (IκBα).TLR4silencing significantly suppressed migration and invasion of cancer cells exposed to AGE-BSA.TLR4silencing reduced the expression of MyD88 and MMP9, as well as nuclear translocation of NFκB p65 but increased IκBα expression in AGE-BSA-incubated breast cancer cells.ConclusionsAGEs are correlated with metastasis of breast cancer. AGEs’ promoting effects on migration and invasion of breast cancer cells via activating RAGE/TLR4/MyD88 signaling were suggested as the involved mechanism.
Association between systemic lupus erythematosus and disruption of gut microbiota: a meta-analysis
Authors: Xiang Shate , Qu Yiqian , Qian Suhai , Wang Rongyun , Wang Yao , Jin Yibo , Li Jie , Ding Xinghong 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveRecent studies reported that SLE is characterised by altered interactions between the microbiome and immune system. We performed a meta-analysis of publications on this topic.MethodsCase–control studies that compared patients with SLE and healthy controls (HCs) and determined the diversity of the gut microbiota and the abundance of different microbes were examined. Stata/MP V.16 was used for the meta-analysis. A Bonferroni correction for multiple tests was used to reduce the likelihood of false-positive results.ResultsWe included 11 case–control studies that examined 373 patients with SLE and 1288 HCs. These studies were performed in five countries and nine cities. Compared with HCs, patients with SLE had gut microbiota with lower Shannon-Wiener diversity index (weighted mean difference=−0.22, 95% CI −0.32 to –0.13, p<0.001) and lower Chao1 richness (standardised mean difference (SMD)=−0.62, 95% CI −1.04 to –0.21, p=0.003). Patients with SLE had lower abundance of Ruminococcaceae (SMD = −0.49, 95% CI −0.84 to −0.15,p=0.005), but greater abundance of Enterobacteriaceae (SMD=0.45, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.89, p=0.045) and Enterococcaceae (SMD=0.53, 95% CI 0.05 to 1.01, p=0.03). However, only the results for Ruminococcaceae passed the Bonferroni correction (p=0.0071). The two groups had no significant differences in Lachnospiraceae and Bacteroides (both p>0.05). Patients with SLE who used high doses of glucocorticoids had altered gut microbiota based on the Chao1 species diversity estimator, and hydroxychloroquine use appeared to reduce the abundance of Enterobacteriaceae.ConclusionsPatients with SLE have imbalanced gut microbiota, with a decrease in beneficial bacteria and an increase in harmful bacteria. Drugs used to treat SLE may also alter the gut microbiota of these patients.
Conceptual framework for defining disease modification in systemic lupus erythematosus: a call for formal criteria
Authors: van Vollenhoven Ronald , Askanase Anca D , Bomback Andrew S , Bruce Ian N , Carroll Angela , Dall'Era Maria , Daniels Mark , Levy Roger A , Schwarting Andreas , Quasny Holly A , Urowitz Murray B , Zhao Ming-Hui , Furie Richard 
Published: March 2022

Disease modification has become a well-established concept in several therapeutic areas; however, no widely accepted definition of disease modification exists for SLE.We reviewed established definitions of disease modification in other conditions and identified a meaningful effect on ‘disease manifestations’ (ie, signs, symptoms and patient-reported outcomes) and on ‘disease outcomes’ (eg, long-term remission or progression of damage) as the key principles of disease modification, indicating a positive effect on the natural course of the disease. Based on these findings and the treatment goals and outcome measures for SLE, including lupus nephritis, we suggest a definition of disease modification based on disease activity indices and organ damage outcomes, with the latter as a key anchor. A set of evaluation criteria is also suggested.Establishing a definition of disease modification in SLE will clarify which treatments can be considered disease modifying, provide an opportunity to harmonise future clinical trial outcomes and enable comparison between therapies, all of which could ultimately help to improve patient outcomes. This publication seeks to catalyse further discussion and provide a framework to develop an accepted definition of disease modification in SLE.