bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zinc trafficking to apo-Zn-proteins 2. Cellular interplay of proteome, metallothionein, and glutathione
Authors: Mahim Afsana , Petering David H 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A recent study investigated the impact of glutathione (GSH) on the transfer of zinc (Zn) from proteome to apo-carbonic anhydrase. Here, we probed the requirement of glutathione for zinc trafficking in LLC-PK1 pig kidney epithelial cells. Depletion of GSH by at least 95% left cells viable and able to divide and synthesize Zn-proteins at the control rate over a 48-h period. Loss of GSH stimulated the accumulation of 2.5x the normal concentration of cellular Zn. According to gel filtration chromatography, differential centrifugal filtration, and spectrofluorimetry with TSQ, the extra Zn was distributed between the proteome and metallothionein (MT). To test the functionality of proteome and/or MT as sources of Zn for the constitution of Zn-proteins, GSH-deficient cells were incubated with CaEDTA to isolate them from their normal source of nutrient Zn. Control cells plus CaEDTA stopped dividing; GSH-depleted cells plus CaEDTA continued to divide at ∼40% the rate of GSH deficient cells. Evidently, proteome and/or MT served as a functional source of Zn for generating Zn-proteins. In vitro insertion of Zn bound to proteome into apo-carbonic anhydrase occurred faster at larger concentrations of Zn bound to proteome. These results support the hypothesis that enhanced transport of Zn into cells drives the conversion of apo-Zn-proteins to Zn-proteins by mass action. Similar results were also obtained with human Jurkat T lymphocyte epithelial cells. This study reveals a powerful new model for studying the chemistry of Zn trafficking, including transport processes, involvement of intermediate binding sites, and constitution of Zn-proteins.
Deep brain–machine interfaces: sensing and modulating the human deep brain
Authors: Sui Yanan , Yu Huiling , Zhang Chen , Chen Yue , Jiang Changqing , Li Luming 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Different from conventional brain–machine interfaces that focus more on decoding the cerebral cortex, deep brain–machine interfaces enable interactions between external machines and deep brain structures. They sense and modulate deep brain neural activities, aiming at function restoration, device control and therapeutic improvements. In this article, we provide an overview of multiple deep brain recording and stimulation techniques that can serve as deep brain–machine interfaces. We highlight two widely used interface technologies, namely deep brain stimulation and stereotactic electroencephalography, for technical trends, clinical applications and brain connectivity research. We discuss the potential to develop closed-loop deep brain–machine interfaces and achieve more effective and applicable systems for the treatment of neurological and psychiatric disorders.
Cue Reactivity Effects of Heated Tobacco Product Use in Current, Former, and Never Smokers in the United States
Authors: Brett Emma I , Lee Zoe , Leavens Eleanor L S , Fridberg Daniel J , King Andrea C 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionHeated tobacco products (HTPs) share similar characteristics as combustible cigarettes and electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) and thus may serve as cues for smoking and vaping. While HTP familiarity is low in the United States, HTPs may be perceived as a less harmful alternative to cigarettes.Aims and MethodsThe present study examined if visual exposure to HTP use influenced cigarette and e-cigarette craving in a large national sample of adults with varied smoking patterns. Current, former, and never cigarette smokers (N = 515; Mage = 40) were recruited from online crowd-sourcing panels throughout the United States from January to April 2020. Participants completed surveys before and after watching a video depicting the use of an HTP, cigarette, or bottled water. Main outcomes were changes in cigarette craving after exposure to the video cue. Secondary outcomes included changes in e-cigarette craving.ResultsRelative to the water cue, the HTP and cigarette cues increased cigarette craving in current smokers. The HTP cue also increased e-cigarette craving (desire for a mod or vape pen and JUUL) across all subgroups.ConclusionsCurrent smokers demonstrated cue reactivity to the use of an HTP as they reported increases in both cigarette and e-cigarette craving after exposure. All smoking groups reported e-cigarette reactivity to the HTP cue. As HTPs gain traction globally, it is crucial to consider how their use may influence active users and passive viewers to inform future health policies.ImplicationsNoncombustible nicotine delivery systems are known cues for cigarette smoking and e-cigarette vaping, and this study examined whether relatively novel heated tobacco products (HTPs) may also act as a smoking or vaping cue in adults across varied smoking backgrounds. Results showed that passive exposure to HTP use increased desire for both a cigarette and an e-cigarette in current smokers and also increased desire for an e-cigarette in former and nonsmokers. Thus given its similarity to smoking and vaping, HTP use may affect passive observers and could play a role in perpetuating the dual use of cigarettes and vape products.
Examining the Effectiveness of the 2012 Canadian Graphic Warning Label Policy Change by Sex, Income, and Education
Authors: Usidame Bukola , Meng Gang , Thrasher James F , Thompson Mary , Fong Geoffrey T , Fleischer Nancy L 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionWe examined the differential impact of the 2012 Canadian GWL policy changes on key indicators of warning label impact and quit intentions using national cohorts of Canadian and U.S. adults who smoke.Aims and MethodsWe used data from all waves of the International Tobacco Control surveys (2002–2020) in Canada and the United States. Our key measures were quit intentions and an index of warning label effectiveness (salience, cognitive and behavioral reactions). We estimated overall policy impact by comparing Canada (treatment group) with the United States (control group) using controlled interrupted time series (CITS) regression models, with interactions to examine whether policy impact varied by sex, education, and income.ResultsThe CITS model showed a statistically significant increase in the warning label effectiveness in Canada post-policy, compared to the United States (β = 0.84, 95% CI 0.35,1.33). Similarly, the odds of quit intentions were relatively higher among adults who smoked in Canada compared to the United States (OR = 1.89, 95% CI 1.51,2.36) post-policy. The three-way interaction model showed that these associations were greater among adults from low socioeconomic status (SES) groups than in high SES groups.ConclusionsThe 2012 change in the Canadian GWL policy was associated with stronger cognitive and behavioral responses to GWLs and higher odds of quit intentions among adults who smoked in Canada when compared to the United States, specifically among individuals from low SES groups, suggesting a positive equity impact. Our findings affirm the need for countries to implement or enhance GWLs, in line with the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC).ImplicationsThe evidence on the potential health equity benefit of GWL policies is mixed. To further understand the influence of GWL policies on tobacco use disparities, more systematic research using pre/post-policy designs with control groups is needed. Using a CITS model, we aimed to strengthen the available evidence on the causal influence of this tobacco control approach. Our findings show that the 2012 GWL policy change had a greater impact on adults who smoked from low SES groups than it did on adults who smoked from high SES groups, indicating a potentially positive equity impact and confirming the need for countries to implement or maximize the size of GWLs, as recommended by the WHO FCTC.
DWARF AND ROBUST PLANT regulates plant height via modulating gibberellin biosynthesis in chrysanthemum
Authors: Zhang Xue , Ding Lian , Song Aiping , Li Song , Liu Jiayou , Zhao Wenqian , Jia Diwen , Guan Yunxiao , Zhao Kunkun , Chen Sumei , Jiang Jiafu , Chen Fadi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractYABBY (YAB) genes are specifically expressed in abaxial cells of lateral organs and determine abaxial cell fate. However, most studies have focused on few model plants, and the molecular mechanisms of YAB genes are not well understood. Here, we identified a YAB transcription factor in chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium), Dwarf and Robust Plant (CmDRP), that belongs to a distinct FILAMENTOUS FLOWER (FlL)/YAB3 sub-clade lost in Brassicaceae. CmDRP was expressed in various tissues but did not show any polar distribution in chrysanthemum. Overexpression of CmDRP resulted in a semi-dwarf phenotype with a significantly decreased active GA3 content, while reduced expression generated the opposite phenotype. Furthermore, plant height of transgenic plants was partially rescued through the exogenous application of GA3 and Paclobutrazol, and expression of the GA biosynthesis gene CmGA3ox1 was significantly altered in transgenic plants. Yeast one-hybrid, luciferase, and chromatin immunoprecipitation-qPCR analyses showed that CmDRP could directly bind to the CmGA3ox1 promoter and suppress its expression. Our research reveals a nonpolar expression pattern of a YAB family gene in dicots and demonstrates it regulates plant height through the GA pathway, which will deepen the understanding of the genetic and molecular mechanisms of YAB genes.
Technology-Enhanced Delivery Models to Facilitate the Implementation of Psychologically Informed Practice for Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain
Authors: Doorley James D , Lentz Trevor A , Yeh Gloria Y , Wayne Peter M , Archer Kristin R , Vranceanu Ana-Maria 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Chronic musculoskeletal pain is prevalent, challenging to treat, and often disabling. Evidence supports the role of psychological factors in pain-related outcomes, and it is now accepted that rehabilitation should combine physical and psychological approaches (ie, psychologically informed practice). This Perspective articulates a vision for technology-enhanced psychologically informed practice for chronic musculoskeletal pain, highlights relevant research evidence, discusses how technology can circumvent implementation barriers, and proposes directions for future research.
The Role of Exercise Self-Efficacy in Exercise Participation Among Women With Persistent Fatigue After Breast Cancer: A Mixed-Methods Study
Authors: Wechsler Stephen , Fu Mei R , Lyons Kathleen , Wood Kelley C , Wood Magee Lisa J 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Objective
Survivors of breast cancer with persistent cancer-related fatigue (CRF) report less exercise participation compared with survivors of breast cancer without CRF. Although CRF predicts other domains of self-efficacy among survivors, the effect of CRF on exercise self-efficacy (ESE)—an important predictor of exercise participation—has not been quantified. This study examined the relationship between CRF, ESE, and exercise participation and explored the lived experience of engaging in exercise among survivors of breast cancer with persistent CRF.

Methods
Fifty-eight survivors of breast cancer (3.7 [SD = 2.4] years after primary treatment) self-reported CRF, ESE, and exercise participation (hours of moderate-intensity exercise per week). Regression and mediation analyses were conducted. Survivors who reported clinically significant CRF and weekly exercise were purposively sampled for 1-on-1 interviews (N = 11). Thematic analysis was performed across participants and within higher versus lower ESE subsets.

Results
Greater CRF predicted lower ESE (β = −0.32) and less exercise participation (β = −0.08). ESE mediated the relationship between CRF and exercise participation (β = −0.05, 95% CI = −0.09 to −0.02). Qualitative data showed that survivors of breast cancer with higher ESE perceived exercise as a strategy to manage fatigue, described self-motivation and commitment to exercise, and had multiple sources of support. In contrast, survivors with lower ESE described less initiative to manage fatigue through exercise, greater difficulty staying committed to exercise, and less support.

Conclusions
Survivors of breast cancer with persistent CRF may experience decreased ESE, which negatively influences exercise participation. Clinicians should screen for or discuss confidence as it relates to exercise and consider tailoring standardized exercise recommendations for this population to optimize ESE. This may facilitate more sustainable exercise participation and improve outcomes.

Impact
This study highlights the behavioral underpinnings of CRF as a barrier to exercise. Individualized exercise tailored to optimize ESE may facilitate sustainable exercise participation among survivors of breast cancer with CRF. Strategies for clinicians to address ESE are described and future research is suggested.

Lay Summary
Women with fatigue after breast cancer treatment may have lower confidence about their ability to engage in exercise. Individually tailoring exercise to build confidence as it relates to exercise may result in more consistent exercise and better health-related outcomes.
002 Paediatric rheumatology training: a naive subject to medical trainees in Tanzania
Authors: Meleki Elton , Furia Francis F 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Pediatric rheumatic disorders are common and result in significant impairment in the quality of life, morbidity and mortality. Tanzania with a population of over 60 million out which children and youth (0–17 years) comprise of &gt; 50% has only one paediatric rheumatologist. Given the low number of trained experts in this sub specialty, it is expected training of medical students and residents will provide adequate training in paediatric rheumatology. This survey was aimed at determining paediatric rheumatology training among medical students and residents in Tanzania.

Methods
This was a survey conducted among senior medical undergraduate students who had completed paediatric rotations and final year residents from medical schools in Tanzania. Survey questionnaire was administered through interview to final year medical students and final year paediatric resident’s medical schools, the questions asked included duration of rotation in paediatric for undergraduate students and duration of paediatric residency programs.

Results
There are 11 universities in Tanzania that offer undergraduate (UG) medical degree, and 5 of them offer residency programs for pediatrics and child health. The duration for undergraduate rotation in pediatrics varied among universities with the longest being 12 weeks and the shortest being 7 weeks. The duration for paediatric residency programs is 3 years in all the universities with an exception of one university which the program for 4 years. There were only two universities that reported to train pediatric rheumatology to undergraduate students in the country, and the topics taught to both of the universities were juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Five universities that provide undergraduate training were excluded due to absence of final year UG students. Final year residents in three out of five universities which offer paediatric residency programs reported to have trained in pediatric rheumatology. One university did not have any class session on pediatric rheumatology, and the other was excluded since there were no final year residents. Common paediatric rheumatology topics covered for residents in the three universities were juvenile idiopathic arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Only one of the three universities had an extra class on dermatomyositis.

Conclusion and Recommendations
Pediatric rheumatology is not adequately taught to university trainees at both undergraduates and paediatric residency levels. There is a need to put emphasis on exposing all trainees in pediatric to catall common pediatric rheumatology conditions because of the severe shortage of rheumatology trained practitioners in Tanzania.
42 Egyptian evidence-based consensus recommendations for diagnosis and targeted management of juvenile dermatomyositis. An initiative by the Egyptian College of Pediatric Rheumatology
Authors: El Miedany Y , Lotfy H , Salah S , Yehia M , Mosa D. M , Kaber A , Mortada M , Tabra S. A , El Gaafary M , Abdulhady H , Hassan W. A , Osman N. S , Eissa M , Medhat B. M , Mohamed S. S , Farag Y , Amer Y , Maher S. Esam , Radwan A , El-Shanawany Amira T , El Mikkawy D , El Deriny G , Fouad N. A , Nasef S. I , Elkaraly N. E , Abu-Zaid M. H ,   Egyptian College of Pediatric Rheumatology
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) is the most common type of juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myopathy mainly affecting the skin and proximal muscles. To date, there are no Egyptian nationally agreed, evidence-based guidelines concerning the diagnosis and management of JDM in children and treatment is often based on clinical expertise. These facts prompted us to develop clinical practice guidance for JDM suitable for patients in Egypt. This work was an initiative by the Egyptian College of Pediatric Rheumatology aiming at optimizing the management approaches for children and young adults with JDM.

Objective
To provide evidence-based consensus recommendations for diagnosis and management of JDM.

Methods
This study was carried out to achieve an Egyptian expert consensus on a management strategy for JDM using Delphi technique. A multistep process strategy was adopted, which started by developing 16 key clinical questions by scientific committee according to the Patient/Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes and Time (PICOT) approach. The core leadership team identified clinicians and researchers with expertise in pediatric rheumatology all over Egypt. An evidence-based, systematic, literature review was conducted to compile evidence for the JDM management. Delphi process was implemented (3-rounds) to reach a consensus.

Results
Twenty-five expert panel participated in the 3 rounds with response rate 100%. A total of 22 recommendations, categorized into 15 domains (Targeted population, diagnostic criteria, high risk patients, diagnostic criteria, definition of disease activity status, differences between JDM and DM in adults, lab tests, treatment targets, treatment, monitoring, resisted cases, drug tapering, comorbidities, prognosis, vaccination and transition program. The Agreement with the recommendations (rank 7–9) ranged from 85.2–95.2%. The Consensus was reached (i.e. ≥75% of respondents strongly agreed or agreed) on all the clinical standards. Algorithm for management has also been developed.

Conclusion
This work provided an updated management approach for JDM patients. This evidence-based informed consensus process is expected to support uniform, high quality standards of care for children with JDM in Egypt

The implication to policy, practice, research and advocacy
to provide updated recommendations for better management of JDM.
43 Egyptian evidence-based consensus recommendations for diagnosis and targeted management of childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus. An initiative by the Egyptian College of Pediatric Rheumatology
Authors: Lotfy H , El Miedany Y , Salah S , Tabra S. A , Salaby R. A , Amer Y , Adel Y , Osman N. S , Medhat B. M , El Gaafary M , Abdulhady H , Hassan W. A , Farag Y , Eissa M , Maher S. Esam , Radwan A , El-Shanawany Amira T , El Mikkawy D , Mosa D. M , El Deriny G , Mortada M , Fouad N. A , Nasef S. I , Elkaraly N. E , Mohamed S. S , Abu-Zaid M. H ,   Egyptian College of Pediatric Rheumatology
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE) is a rare prototype of a multi-systemic, inflammatory, heterogeneous and potentially life-threatening autoimmune condition with quite significant linked morbidity. To date, there are no Egyptian nationally agreed, evidence-based guidelines concerning the diagnosis and management of kDa in children and treatment is often based on clinical expertise. Consequently, treatment regimens vary broadly. This work was an initiative by the Egyptian College of Paediatric Rheumatology aiming at optimising the management approaches for children and young adults with cSLE.

Objective
To provide evidence-based consensus recommendations for diagnosis and management of cSLE

Methods
This study was carried out to achieve an Egyptian expert consensus on a management strategy for cSLE using Delphi technique. A multistep process strategy was adopted, which started by developing 18 key clinical questions by scientific committee according to the Patient/Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes and Time (PICOT) approach. The core leadership team identified clinicians and researchers with expertise in pediatric rheumatology all over Egypt. An evidence-based, systematic, literature review was conducted to compile evidence for the cSLE management. Delphi process was implemented (3-rounds) to reach a consensus.

Results
Twenty-five expert panel participated in the 3 rounds with response rate 100%. A total of 24 recommendations, categorized into 14 domains (Targeted population, criteria for classification, definition of disease activity status, definition of flare up, lab tests, treatment targets, monitoring, treatment, recommendations for specific organ system, prognostic markers, refractory condition, vaccination and transition program. The Agreement with the recommendations (rank 7–9) ranged from 84.8–94.8%. The Consensus was reached (i.e. ≥75% of respondents strongly agreed or agreed) on all the clinical standards. Algorithm for management has also been developed.

Conclusion
This work provided an updated management approach for cSLE patients. This evidence-based informed consensus process is expected to support uniform, high quality standards of care for children with cSLE in Egypt
The implication to policy, practice, research and advocacy: to provide updated recommendations for better management of cSLE.