bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regio‐ and Enantioselective Intermolecular Aminofluorination of Alkenes via Iodine(I)/Iodine(III) Catalysis**
Authors: Schäfer Michael , Stünkel Timo , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Gilmour Ryan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe regio‐ and enantio‐selective, intermolecular vicinal fluoroamination of α‐trifluoromethyl styrenes has been achieved by enantioselective II/IIII catalysis. Leveraging C2‐symmetric resorcinol‐based aryl iodide catalysts, it has been possible to intercept the transient iodonium intermediate using simple nitriles, which function as both the solvent and nucleophile. In situ Ritter reaction provides direct access to the corresponding amides (up to 89 % yield, e.r. 93 : 7). This main group catalysis paradigm inverts the intrinsic regioselectivity of the uncatalyzed process, thereby providing facile access to tertiary, benzylic stereocenters bearing both CF3 and F groups. Privileged phenethylamine pharmacophores can be generated in which there is complete local partial charge inversion (CF3δ−/Fδ− versus CH3δ+/Hδ+). Crystallographic analyses of representative β‐fluoroamide products reveal highly pre‐organized conformations that manifest the stereoelectronic gauche effect.
Activating Lattice Oxygen in Layered Lithium Oxides through Cation Vacancies for Enhanced Urea Electrolysis
Authors: Han Wen‐Kai , Wei Jin‐Xin , Xiao Kang , Ouyang Ting , Peng Xinwen , Zhao Shenlong , Liu Zhao‐Qing 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDespite the fact that high‐valent nickel‐based oxides exhibit promising catalytic activity for the urea oxidation reaction (UOR), the fundamental questions concerning the origin of the high performance and the structure–activity correlations remain to be elucidated. Here, we unveil the underlying enhanced mechanism of UOR by employing a series of prepared cation‐vacancy controllable LiNiO2 (LNO) model catalysts. Impressively, the optimized layered LNO‐2 exhibits an extremely low overpotential at 10 mA cm−2 along with excellent stability after the 160 h test. Operando characterisations combined with the theoretical analysis reveal the activated lattice oxygen in layered LiNiO2 with moderate cation vacancies triggers charge disproportion of the Ni site to form Ni4+ species, facilitating deprotonation in a lattice oxygen involved catalytic process.
Skeletal repatterning enhances the protective capacity of the shell in African hinge‐back tortoises (Kinixys)
Authors: Cordero Gerardo A. , Vamberger Melita , Fritz Uwe , Ihlow Flora 
Published: May 2022

AbstractChanges in the structural association of skeletal traits are crucial to the evolution of novel forms and functions. In vertebrates, such rearrangements often occur gradually and may precede or coincide with the functional activation of skeletal traits. To illustrate this process, we examined the ontogeny of African hinge‐back tortoises (Kinixysspp.).Kinixysspecies feature a moveable “hinge” on the dorsal shell (carapace) that enables shell closure (kinesis) when the hind limbs are withdrawn. This hinge, however, is absent in juveniles. Herein, we describe how this unusual phenotype arises via alterations in the tissue configuration and shape of the carapace. The ontogenetic repatterning of osseous and keratinous tissue coincided with shifts in morphological integration and the establishment of anterior (static) and posterior (kinetic) carapacial modules. Based onex vivoskeletal movement and raw anatomy, we propose thatKinixysemploys a “sliding hinge” shell‐closing system that overcomes thoracic rigidity and enhances the protective capacity of the carapace. Universal properties of the vertebrate skeleton, such as plasticity, modularity, and secondary maturation processes, contributed to adaptive evolutionary change inKinixys. We discuss a hypothetical model to explain the delayed emergence of skeletal traits and its relevance to the origins of novel form‐to‐function relationships.
Comparative genomic analysis of ABC transporter genes inTenebrio molitorand four other tenebrionid beetles (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidea)
Authors: Xiao Kai‐Ran , Wu Chao‐Yan , Yang Lin , Wang Jun , Song Qi‐Sheng , Stanley David , Wei Shu‐Jun , Zhu Jia‐Ying 
Published: May 2022

AbstractATP‐binding cassette (ABC) transporters, one of the largest transmembrane protein families, transport a diverse number of substate across membranes. Details of their diverse physiological functions have not been established. Here, we identified 87 ABC transporter genes in the genomes ofTenebrio molitoralong with those fromAsbolus verrucosus(104),Hycleus cichorii(65), andHycleus phaleratus(80). Combining these genes (336 in total) with genes reported inTribolium castaneum(73), we analyzed the phylogeny of ABC transporter genes in all five Tenebrionids. They are assigned into eight subfamilies (ABCA‐H). In comparison to other species, the ABCC subfamily in this group of beetles appears expanded. The expression profiles of theT. molitorgenes at different life stages and in various tissues were also investigated using transcriptomic analysis. Most of them display developmental specific expression patterns, suggesting to us their possible roles in development. Most of them are highly expressed in detoxification‐related tissues including gut and Malpighian tubule, from which we infer their roles in insecticide resistance. We detected specific or abundant expressions of many ABC transporter genes in various tissues such as salivary gland, ovary, testis, and antenna. This new information helps generate new hypotheses on their biological significance within tissues.
Guanosine‐based Hydrogel Integrating Photothermal Effect of PDA‐AuNPs through Dynamic Borate Bond for Photothermal Therapy of Cancer
Authors: Hu Xiaopei , Lei Shangxue , Song Shaojuan , Xia Xin , Qi Jiajia , Liu Jiang , Zhao Hang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPhotothermal therapy (PTT) has drawn extensive attention owing to its noninvasive and great tissue penetration depth. However, the physical encapsulation of photothermal agents may lead to their rapid release. Dual‐functional hydrogel systems that integrate functions and carriers can potentially solve this problem. In this work, we successfully developed a dual‐functional guanosine(G)‐based hydrogel integrating the photothermal effect and localized delivery by introducing dynamic borate ester utilizing the photothermal property of PDA‐AuNPs and the self‐assembly ability of G. Both in vitro and in vivo results confirmed that the GBPA hydrogel not only exhibited excellent photothermal toxicity, stability, injectability, and biocompatibility, but also possessed high photothermal antitumor activity. These results suggested that the GBPA hydrogel could be used as a dual‐functional hydrogel integrating photothermal effect and localized delivery in one system, which would possibly provide a new opportunity for the design of new dual‐functional hydrogels for highly efficient cancer therapy.
Quality of life, voiding and sexual function of penile cancer patients: DaPeCa‐10—a cross‐sectional questionnaire survey
Authors: Jakobsen Jakob Kristian , Sørensen Christian Møbjerg , Krarup Kim Predbjørn , Jensen Jørgen Bjerggaard 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo assess prevalence of voiding and sexual symptoms and quality of life in penile cancer patients.MethodsFrom 1 January 2013 to 31 December 2015, we approached three separate groups of Danish penile cancer patients and asked them to complete a face‐validated questionnaire at diagnosis (Group 1), after 1 year (Group 2) and after 2 years (Group 3). We analysed symptom prevalence and bother and quality of life items and explored differences between groups.ResultsIn total, we analysed 157 questionnaires. The response rates at diagnosis, after 1 year and after 2 years were 29%, 46% and 30%. The pad use (p = 0.001) and occurrence of nocturia twice a night or more (p = 0.006) was significantly decreasing 2 years after treatment. There was an increasing trend in sexual thoughts and importance of sexuality from 1 to 2 years after treatment, but the proportion of patients reporting a frequency of orgasm at more than once in the past 6 months was significantly decreasing after treatment (p = 0.03). Likewise, the trend for erectile dysfunction worsened after treatment with 49% of patients reporting an erection never sufficient for intercourse at diagnosis increasing to 62% after 1 year and 69% after 2 years. We observed trends towards lower self‐esteem with increasingly mutilating treatment.ConclusionPad use, nocturia and frequency of orgasm were significantly reduced after penile cancer treatment. We observed trends towards lower self‐esteem with increasingly mutilating treatment and increase in erectile dysfunction after treatment.
Glymphatic system dysfunction in patients with cluster headache
Authors: Kim Jinseung , Lee Dong Ah , Lee Ho‐Joon , Park Bong Soo , Ko Junghae , Park Si Hyung , Lee Yoo Jin , Kim Il Hwan , Park Jin Han , Park Kang Min 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this study was to investigate alterations of the glymphatic system function in patients with cluster headache.MethodsWe enrolled patients with cluster headache and healthy controls, and they underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), including diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). We used the MRIcron and DSI studio programs for DTI preprocessing and DTI analysis with perivascular space (DTI‐ALPS) index calculation.ResultsFourteen patients with cluster headache and 23 healthy controls were enrolled. The DTI‐ALPS indexes of the groups were significantly different. The DTI‐ALPS index for the patients with cluster headache was lower than that for the healthy controls (1.586 vs. 1.786, p = 0.044). There was a significant negative correlation between the DTI‐ALPS index and age in the patients with cluster headache (r = −0.549, p = 0.042). However, the DTI‐ALPS index was not associated with other clinical characteristics, including disease duration and headache intensity (r = −0.405, p = 0.150; r = −0.048, p = 0.869, respectively).ConclusionPatients with cluster headache had a lower DTI‐ALPS index than the healthy controls; this might indicate glymphatic system dysfunction in the patients with cluster headache. Further research is required to determine whether glymphatic system dysfunction is related to the pathophysiology of cluster headache.
Research on self‐learning system with “Internet + Education” innovative talents education mode under big data background
Authors: Luo Ying , An Zhi‐quan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn the “Internet + Education” mode, a big data analysis of innovative talents education model is conducted to improve the quantitative evaluation ability of innovative talent education and training, and the “Internet + Education” innovative talent education model under the background of big data is proposed based on segmented information fusion and regression statistical analysis. More and more attention is attracted by the continuous advancement of innovative talent training models. The resource data mining and information processing research of innovative talent education models are conducted in related literature and have achieved certain research results. A big data analysis model for the cultivation of innovative talents is constructed and a structured big data information reorganization method is adopted to conduct information fusion processing of the “Internet + Education” innovative talents education model. Features describing the associated information of the talent cultivation model are extracted and the segmented information fusion method is adopted for feature clustering processing. The autoregression analysis of innovative talents cultivation evaluation ability is conducted based on feature clustering results and a test statistic model is constructed for effective analysis of the “Internet + Education” innovative talents education model under big data background. As a result, comprehensive and fuzzy decision‐making on the talent education model is realized according to judgment statistics. Simulation results show that the accuracy of a quantitative assessment of the “Internet + Education” innovative talents education model is higher with this method and the convergence of regression analysis is better. This shows that this method can effectively instruct the innovation of the talent education model and novel technologies can be more utilized by the efficiency and performance of the method.
Supervisees' perspectives on the contribution of supervision to psychotherapy outcomes
Authors: Teichman Yona , Berant Ety , Shenkman Geva , Ramot Guy 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to examine supervisees' perspectives about the contribution of two predefined aspects of supervision, supervisory bond (SB) and didactic input of supervisor (DI), to their ascribed outcome of therapy.MethodSupervisees anonymously assessed the SB, supervisors' DI and their contribution to therapy outcome. Assessment was quantitative and qualitative. The supervisory aspects were assessed using a questionnaire constructed for this study. Perceived contribution was evaluated by two scaled questions, and themes generated by an open question. Supervisees (n = 111) evaluated 16 supervisors and supervision’s contribution to psychotherapy outcomes of 111 clients.FindingsHierarchical regression showed that supervisees' age, supervisors' status and frequency of supervision accounted for 24% of the variance ascribed to outcome. SB and DI accounted for 51% of the variance. These values, which are higher than reported in the literature, may be attributed to the assessment of predefined aspects of supervision by the same assessor. Thematic analysis of the didactic input produced more themes than for the supervisory bond.ConclusionSociodemographic variables and supervisory relationship variables determine supervisees' evaluations of supervision’s contribution to outcome.Implications for practiceTraining and supervision may benefit from information obtained from quantitative and qualitative measures regarding these and other predefined variables related to supervision. The in‐depth look at views and experiences shared by supervisees may advance training, practice and research.
Circ_0000284 Promoted Acute Pancreatitis Progression through the Regulation of miR‐10a‐5p/Wnt/β‐Catenin Pathway
Authors: Huang Huali , Chen Wenjing , Lu Jiefu , Zhang Shiyu , Xiang Xuelian , Wang Xianmo , Tang Guodu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCircular RNAs (circRNAs) have been found to be involved in the progression of acute pancreatitis (AP). The objective of our study was to investigate the effects of circ_0000284 on caerulein‐induced AR42J cell injury. To mimic AP in vitro, rat pancreatic acinar AR42J cells were treated with caerulein. The expression of circ_0000284 and miR‐10a‐5p was evaluated by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was employed to determine the content of inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐8 and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α). Western blotting was applied to analyze the levels of Wnt/β‐catenin pathway‐related and apoptosis‐related proteins. Cell viability and apoptosis were monitored by Counting Kit‐8 (CCK‐8) assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The target connection between circ_0000284 and miR‐10a‐5p was verified by dual‐luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay. AP induced inflammation in patients, and caerulein treatment increased apoptosis and inflammation in AR42J cells. Circ_0000284 was upregulated in serum of AP patients and caerulein‐induced AR42J cells, while Wnt/β‐catenin pathway was inactivated. Knockdown of circ_0000284 could decrease apoptosis and inflammation in caerulein‐induced AR42J cells, which was attenuated by miR‐10a‐5p inhibition or Wnt signaling pathway antagonist Dickkopf‐related protein 1 (DKK1). MiR‐10a‐5p was sponged by circ_000028 and was downregulated in caerulein‐induced AR42J cells. Circ_0000284 depletion could protect caerulein‐induced AR42J cells from apoptosis and inflammation by upregulating miR‐10a‐5p expression and activating Wnt/β‐catenin pathway, underscoring a potential target for AP therapy.
Phenoxy‐ and Phenylamino‐Heterocyclic Quinones: Synthesis and Preliminary Anti‐Pancreatic Cancer Activity
Authors: Sánchez Patricio , Salas Cristian O. , Gallardo‐Fuentes Sebastián , Villegas Alondra , Veloso Nicolás , Honores Jessica , Inman Martyn , Isaacs Mauricio , Contreras Renato , Moody Christopher J. , Cisterna Jonathan , Brito Iván , Tapia Ricardo A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe successful application of fragment‐based drug discovery strategy for the efficient synthesis of phenoxy‐ or phenylamino‐2‐phenyl‐benzofuran, ‐benzoxazole and ‐benzothiazole quinones is described. Interestingly, in the final step of the synthesis of the target compounds, unusual results were observed on the regiochemistry of the reaction of bromoquinones with phenol and aniline. A theoretical study was carried out for better understanding the factors that control the regiochemistry of these reactions. The substituted heterocyclic quinones were evaluated in vitro to determine their cytotoxicity by the MTT method in three pancreatic cancer cell lines (MIA‐PaCa‐2, BxPC‐3, and AsPC‐1). Phenoxy benzothiazole quinone 26a showed potent cytotoxic activity against BxPC‐3 cell lines, while phenylamino benzoxazole quinone 20 was the most potent on MIA‐PaCa‐2 cells. Finally, electrochemical properties of these quinones were determined to correlate with a potential mechanism of action. All these results, indicate that the phenoxy quinone fragment led to compounds with increased activity against pancreatic cancer cells.
Temporal changes and clinical significance of peridevice leak following left atrial appendage occlusion with Amplatzer devices
Authors: Korsholm Kasper , Jensen Jesper M. , Nørgaard Bjarne L. , Nielsen‐Kudsk Jens E. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe natural history of peridevice leak (PDL) following left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) is unknown. This study sought to investigate changes of PDL from 2 until 12 months after LAAO, using cardiac computed tomography (CT), and to assess the potential association between persistent PDL and clinical outcomesMethodsSingle‐center observational study of Amplatzer LAAO implants between 2010 and 2017 (n = 206). Patients with 2 and 12 months cardiac CT were included in the study (n = 153). Images were blindly analyzed. PDL was characterized by frequency and size at the device disc, lobe, and left atrial appendage contrast patency. Patients were followed for the composite outcome of ischemic stroke, transient ischemic attack, systemic embolism, or all‐cause death. Median follow up from LAAO was 3.1 (2.3–4.3) years.ResultsContrast patency was present in 101 (66%) and 72 (47%) (p < 0.001) at 2 and 12 months, respectively. PDL was identified at the disc in 103 (67%) patients at 2 months versus 93 (61%) at 12 months (p = 0.08), and at the lobe in 29 (19%) at both time points. PDL area at the disc did not change significantly over time, area: −8.95 mm (95% confidence interval [CI]: −18.9; 1.01) p = 0.08. Permanent atrial fibrillation was independently associated with persistent PDL. Persistent versus no PDL was associated with a 62% worse clinical outcome, however not statistically significant, hazard ratio (HR): 1.62 (95% CI: 0.9–2.93), p = 0.11.ConclusionPersistent PDL was frequently observed following LAAO with Amplatzer devices. The PDL frequency and size appeared unchanged between 2 and 12 months. Persistent PDL was not significantly associated with worse clinical outcomes, yet this needs further delineation in future studies.
Direct Synthesis and Delamination of Swollen Layered Ferrierite for the Reductive Etherification of Furfural
Authors: Wang Jilong , Fan Yaqi , Guo Xiaowen , Gu Qingyi , Jiang Jingang , Guan Yejun , He Xiao , Ma Yanhang , Xu Hao , Wu Peng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA swollen ferrierite structure (denoted as ECNU‐35P) was directly synthesized with a commercially available surfactant of decamethonium hydroxide as bifunctional organic structure‐directing agent (OSDA). ECNU‐35P, with elastic long‐chain surfactant intercalating the neighboring FER layers, had a much wider interlayer spacing than previously reported FER‐type layered precursors of PLS‐3 and PREFER. The phase delamination of ECNU‐35P was readily realized without additional swelling process that is destructive to zeolite frameworks. The non‐corrosive delaminated derivative (DECNU‐35) was composed of the FER nanosheets with 4 nm‐thickness. With large external surface area, abundant mesopores and moderate acidity, Pd/DECNU‐35 served as highly active and robust catalysts in the reductive etherification of biomass furfural, providing a high yield of 74 % for the biofuel of furfuryl ethyl ether.
Impact of Seams on the Operating Behavior of Surface Filters Regarding Particle Emissions
Authors: de Lacerda Camila R. , Bächler Peter , Schwarz Almuth D. , Sartim Rafael , Aguiar Mônica L. , Dittler Achim 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSurface filters are widely used in industrial gas cleaning, e.g., as filter bags, to meet particle emission standards. The seam created by manufacturing the filter element is a potential leakage point for dust. A systematic investigation on the impact of the needle diameter of the seam on filter operation in two different filter test rigs is presented, regarding differential pressure and particle emissions. Four membrane samples, one without seam and three sewn with different needle diameters, were used to evaluate the fractional separation efficiency and the dust emissions. While the sample without seam showed near‐perfect particle separation, a larger needle diameter led to an increase in dust emissions. The impact of needle diameter on the differential pressure was negligible.
Determination of Ionic Diffusion Coefficients in Ion‐Exchange Membranes: Strong Electrolytes and Sulfates with Dissociation Equilibria
Authors: Kuldeep  , Manzanares José A. , Kauranen Pertti , Mousavihashemi Seyedabolfazl , Murtomäki Lasse 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIonic diffusion coefficients in the membrane are needed for the modelling of ion transport in ion‐exchange membranes (IEMs) with the Nernst‐Planck equation. We have determined the ionic diffusion coefficients of Na+, OH−, H+, Cl−, SO42−, NaSO4−, and HSO4− from the diffusion experiments of dilute NaCl, NaOH, HCl, Na2SO4, and H2SO4 solutions through IEMs and the membrane conductivity measured in these solutions, using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The order of diffusion fluxes across the anion‐exchange membrane is found to be as H2SO4>HCl>NaCl>Na2SO4>NaOH, whereas for the cation‐exchange membrane it was NaOH>NaCl>Na2SO4≥H2SO4. Special attention is given to sulfates because of the partial dissociation of bisulfate and NaSO4−, which makes the use of the Nernst‐Hartley equation, that is, splitting the electrolyte diffusion coefficient into its ionic contributions, impossible. The expression of the diffusion coefficient of sulfates taking into account the dissociation equilibrium has been derived and the corresponding Fick equation has been integrated. In addition, for sulfates, finite element simulations with COMSOL Multiphysics, applying a homogeneous membrane model, were done to give estimates of their ionic diffusion coefficients. This work offers a convenient approach to finding diffusion coefficients of various ions inside IEMs.