bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Variational Method for Analyzing Vortex Flows in Radar-Scanned Tornadic Mesocyclones. Part IV: Applications to the 20 May 2013 Oklahoma Tornadic Mesocyclone
Authors: Xu Qin , Wei Li , Nai Kang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The variational method for vortex flow (VF) analyses, called VF-Var (formulated in Part I), is applied to the 20 May 2013 Newcastle–Moore tornadic mesocyclone observed from the operational KTLX radar and an experimental phased-array radar. The dual-Doppler-analyzed VF field reveals the following features: The axisymmetric part of the VF is a well-defined slantwise two-cell vortex in which the maximum tangential velocity is nearly 40 m s−1 at the edge of the vortex core (0.6 km from the vortex center), the central downdraft velocity reaches −35 m s−1 at 3-km height, and the surrounding-updraft velocity reaches 26 m s−1 at 5-km height. The total VF field is a loosely defined slantwise two-cell vortex consisting of a nearly axisymmetric vortex core (in which the ground-relative surface wind speed reaches 50 m s−1 on the southeast edge), a strong nonaxisymmetric slantwise downdraft in the vortex core, and a main updraft in a banana-shaped area southeast of the vortex core, which extends slantwise upward and spirals cyclonically around the vortex core. The single-Doppler analysis with observations from the KTLX radar only exhibits roughly the same features as the dual-Doppler analysis but contains spurious vertical-motion structures in and around the vortex core. Analysis errors are assessed by leveraging the findings from Parts II and III, which indicate that the dual-Doppler-analyzed VF is accurate enough to represent the true VF but the single-Doppler-analyzed VF is not (especially for nonaxisymmetric vertical motions in and around the vortex core), so the dual-Doppler-analyzed VF should be useful for initializing/verifying high-resolution tornado simulations.

Significance Statement
After the variational method for vortex flow (VF) analyses, called VF-Var (formulated in Part I of this paper series), was tested successfully with simulated radar observations in Part II and its sensitivity to vortex center location error was examined in Part III, the method is now applied to the 20 May 2013 Newcastle–Moore tornadic mesocyclone observed from the operational KTLX radar and an experimental phased-array radar. Analysis errors are assessed by leveraging the findings from Parts II and III. The results indicate that the dual-Doppler-analyzed VF is accurate enough to represent the true VF (although the single-Doppler-analyzed VF is not especially for nonaxisymmetric vertical motions in and around the vortex core) and thus should be useful for initializing/verifying high-resolution tornado simulations.
Ultrasound appearance of the duodenal papilla in clinically healthy cats
Authors: Coeuriot Charlotte , Pontarrasse Julie , Bouhsina Nora , Lazard Maureen , Bertrand Alexis , Fusellier Marion 
Published: March 2022

Objectives The duodenal papilla (DP) is an anatomical structure located in the duodenal wall, a few centimetres from the pylorus. In cats, the pancreatic and bile ducts merge as they enter the DP, and this explains why cats are more likely than dogs to have concomitant digestive, pancreatic and hepatic infections. Ultrasonography of the DP has been previously established in dogs but not in cats. The purpose of our prospective study was to describe the ultrasound features of the DP in 30 adult clinically healthy cats. Methods A full abdominal ultrasound was performed. Five measurements were recorded: the width and the height in a transverse section; the length and the height in a longitudinal section; and the thickness of the duodenal wall adoral to the DP in a longitudinal section. The subjective appearance (echogenicity and shape) of the DP was described. Results The dimensions of the DP were a mean ± SD width of 3.13 ± 0.68 mm and height of 2.47 ± 0.63 mm in the transverse section, and length of 3.98 ± 1.27 mm and height of 2.44 ± 0.57 mm in the longitudinal section. The DP was homogeneous, subjectively isoechoic to fat and had a round and oval shape in the transverse and longitudinal sections, respectively. There was no correlation between the DP measurements and the weight, age or sex of the cats. The animals that were fed a mixed diet had a longer DP than those fed dry food. Conclusions and relevance This study provides reference values for the dimensions of the DP, as well as information on its ultrasonographic appearance in clinically healthy adult cats. We did not find any correlation between the age of the cats and the size of the papilla, but the age range was small and another study in older cats should be undertaken to address this more thoroughly.
Automated recognition and analysis of head thrashes behavior in C. elegans
Authors: Zhang Hui , Gao Shan , Chen Weiyang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Locomotive behaviors are a rapid evaluation indicator reflecting whether the nervous system of worms is damaged, and has been proved to be sensitive to chemical toxicity. In many toxicological studies, C. elegans head thrashes is a key indicator of locomotive behaviors to measure the vitality of worms. In previous studies, the number of head thrashes was manually counted, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive.

Results
This paper presents an automatic recognition and counting method for head thrashes behavior of worms from experimental videos. First, the image processing algorithm is designed for worm morphology features calculation, mean gray values of head and tail are used to locate the head of worm accurately. Next, the worm skeleton is extracted and divided into equal parts. The angle formulas are used to calculate the bending angle of the head of worm. Finally, the number of head thrashes is counted according to the bending angle of the head in each frame. The robustness of the proposed algorithm is evaluated by comparing the counting results of the manual counting. It is proved that the proposed algorithm can recognize the occurrence of head thrashes of C. elegans of different strains. In addition, the difference of the head thrashes behavior of different worm strains is analyzed, it is proved that the relationship between worm head thrashes behavior and lifespan.

Conclusions
A new method is proposed to automatically count the number of head thrashes of worms. This algorithm makes it possible to count the number of head thrashes from the worm videos collected by the automatic tracking system. The proposed algorithm will play an important role in toxicological research and worm vitality research. The code is freely available at https://github.com/hthana/HTC.
Nucleolar localization of the ErbB3 receptor as a new target in glioblastoma
Authors: Tagliaferro Marzia , Rosa Paolo , Bellenchi Gian Carlo , Bastianelli Daniela , Trotta Rosa , Tito Claudia , Fazi Francesco , Calogero Antonella , Ponti Donatella 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
The nucleolus is a subnuclear, non-membrane bound domain that is the hub of ribosome biogenesis and a critical regulator of cell homeostasis. Rapid growth and division of cells in tumors are correlated with intensive nucleolar metabolism as a response to oncogenic factors overexpression. Several members of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) family, have been identified in the nucleus and nucleolus of many cancer cells, but their function in these compartments remains unexplored.

Results
We focused our research on the nucleolar function that a specific member of EGFR family, the ErbB3 receptor, plays in glioblastoma, a tumor without effective therapies. Here, Neuregulin 1 mediated proliferative stimuli, promotes ErbB3 relocalization from the nucleolus to the cytoplasm and increases pre-rRNA synthesis. Instead ErbB3 silencing or nucleolar stress reduce cell proliferation and affect cell cycle progression.

Conclusions
These data point to the existence of an ErbB3-mediated non canonical pathway that glioblastoma cells use to control ribosomes synthesis and cell proliferation. These results highlight the potential role for the nucleolar ErbB3 receptor, as a new target in glioblastoma.
Determining extracellular vesicles properties and miRNA cargo variability in bovine milk from healthy cows and cows undergoing subclinical mastitis
Authors: Saenz-de-Juano Mara D. , Silvestrelli Giulia , Bauersachs Stefan , Ulbrich Susanne E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Subclinical mastitis, the inflammation of the mammary gland lacking clinical symptoms, is one of the most prevalent and costly diseases in dairy farming worldwide. Milk microRNAs (miRNAs) encapsulated in extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been proposed as potential biomarkers of different mammary gland conditions, including subclinical mastitis. However, little is known about the robustness of EVs analysis regarding sampling time-point and natural infections. To estimate the reliability of EVs measurements in raw bovine milk, we first evaluated changes in EVs size and concentration using Tunable Resistive Pulse Sensing (TRPS) during three consecutive days of sampling. Then, we analysed daily differences in miRNA cargo using small RNA-seq. Finally, we compared milk EVs differences from naturally infected udder quarters with their healthy adjacent quarters and quarters from uninfected udders, respectively.

Results
We found that the milk EV miRNA cargo was very stable over the course of three days regardless of the health status of the quarter, and that infected quarters did not induce relevant changes in milk EVs of adjacent healthy quarters. Chronic subclinical mastitis induced changes in milk EV miRNA cargo, but neither in EVs size nor concentration. We observed that the changes in immunoregulatory miRNAs in quarters with chronic subclinical mastitis were cow-individual, however, the most upregulated miRNA was bta-miR-223-3p across all individuals.

Conclusions
Our results showed that the miRNA profile and particle size characteristics remained constant throughout consecutive days, suggesting that miRNAs packed in EVs are physiological state-specific. In addition, infected quarters were solely affected while adjacent healthy quarters remained unaffected. Finally, the cow-individual miRNA changes pointed towards infection-specific alterations.
The fiber diameter traits of Tibetan cashmere goats are governed by the inherent differences in stress, hypoxic, and metabolic adaptations: an integrative study of proteome and transcriptome
Authors: Zhao Bingru , Wu Cuiling , Sammad Abdul , Ma Zhen , Suo Langda , Wu Yujiang , Fu Xuefeng 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Tibetan cashmere goats are served as a valuable model for high altitude adaptation and hypoxia complications related studies, while the cashmere produced by these goats is an important source of income for the herders. The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in protein abundance underlying the fine (average 12.20 ± 0.03 μm of mean fiber diameter) and coarse cashmere (average 14.67 ± 0.05 μm of mean fiber diameter) producing by Tibetan cashmere goats. We systematically investigated the genetic determinants of fiber diameter by integrated analysis with proteomic and transcriptomic datasets from skin tissues of Tibetan cashmere goats.

Results
We identified 1980 proteins using a label-free proteomics approach. They were annotated to three different databases, while 1730 proteins were mapped to the original protein coding genes (PCGs) of the transcriptomic study. Comparative analyses of cashmere with extremely fine vs. coarse phenotypes yielded 29 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), for instance, APOH, GANAB, AEBP1, CP, CPB2, GPR142, VTN, IMPA1, CTSZ, GLB1, and HMCN1. Functional enrichment analysis of these DEPs revealed their involvement in oxidation-reduction process, cell redox homeostasis, metabolic, PI3K-Akt, MAPK, and Wnt signaling pathways. Transcription factors enrichment analysis revealed the proteins mainly belong to NF-YB family, HMG family, CSD family. We further validated the protein abundance of four DEPs (GC, VTN, AEBP1, and GPR142) through western blot, and considered they were the most potential candidate genes for cashmere traits in Tibetan cashmere goats.

Conclusions
These analyses indicated that the major biological variations underlying the difference of cashmere fiber diameter in Tibetan cashmere goats were attributed to the inherent adaptations related to metabolic, hypoxic, and stress response differences. This study provided novel insights into the breeding strategies for cashmere traits and enhance the understanding of the biological and genetic mechanisms of cashmere traits in Tibetan cashmere goats.
Investigating the effect of quadruple therapy with Saccharomyces boulardii or Lactobacillus reuteri strain (DSMZ 17648) supplements on eradication of Helicobacter pylori and treatments adverse effects: a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial
Authors: Naghibzadeh Nooshin , Salmani Fatemeh , Nomiri Samira , Tavakoli Tahmine 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe goal of this study was to investigate the effects of treatment withSaccharomyces boulardiiandLactobacillus reuterion the eradication ofHelicobacter pyloriand Adverse effects (AEs) of the treatment.ResultsThis study was a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. And, eradication ofH. pyloriwas reported comparing quadruple therapy include of PPI (proton pomp inhibitor), bismuth subcitrate, clarithromycin, and amoxicillin versus quadruple therapy supplemented withS. boulardiiandL. reuteriDSMZ 17648. For this aim, a total of 156 patients were included in the current study; and patients positive forH. pyloriinfection (n = 156) were randomly assigned to 3 groups: 52 patients (Group P) received conventional quadruple therapy plusL. reuteri, 52 patients (Group S) received conventional quadruple therapy plusS. boulardiidaily, for 2 weeks, and 52 patients were in the control group (Group C). At the end of the treatment period, all the subjects continued to take proton pump inhibitor (PPI) alone for 14 days, and then, no medication was given for 2 weeks again. During follow-up, gastrointestinal symptoms were assessed using an evaluation scale (Glasgow dyspepsia questionnaire [GDQ]), and AEs were assessed at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. As a result, all patients completed the treatment protocol in all groups by the end of the study. Additionally, eradication therapy was effective for 94.2% of subjects in Group S, 92.3% of subjects in Group P, and 86.5% of subjects in the control group, with no differences between treatment arms. In Group S, the chance of developing symptoms of nausea (OR = 2.74), diarrhea (OR = 3.01), headache (OR = 10.51), abdominal pain (OR = 3.21), and anxiety (OR = 3.58) was significantly lower than in the control group (p < 0.05).ConclusionS. boulardiicould significantly reduce some AEs ofH. pylorieradication therapy, but effectiveness ofLactobacillus reuterion these cases was not significant. It is recommended to conduct the future research with larger sample size in order to investigate the effect.Trial registration: IRCT20200106046021N1, this trial was registered on Jan 14, 2020.
Exploring experiences and needs of spousal carers of people with behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) including those with familial FTD (fFTD): a qualitative study
Authors: Tookey Sara , Greaves Caroline V. , Rohrer Jonathan D. , Desai Roopal , Stott Joshua 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Carers of people with frontotemporal dementia (FTD) experience greater challenges than carers of people with other dementias due to the younger age of onset and the challenging presentation of symptoms. The aim of the present study was to explore experiences of spousal carers of people with bvFTD, including those with the familial form of the disease (fFTD).

Method
Fourteen qualitative interviews were analysed using an inductive approach to Thematic Analysis to understand experiences of spousal carers of people with bvFTD including those with fFTD.

Results
Five main themes were identified including: a) The “Constant Battle” – A journey toward an FTD diagnosis, b) Shock, Relief and Fear – Challenges persist post diagnosis, c) The “Life Altering” impact – The loss of the spousal relationship and shifting roles, d) Adapting, Managing Symptoms and Receiving Carer Support, e) Lack of General Knowledge – Barriers to support.

Conclusions
Healthcare professionals should be educated on the initial presentations of FTD, to enable carers and families receive timely diagnosis and appropriate support. Future research should investigate the impact of fFTD on carers and families, to explore positive or meaningful experiences in caring, as well as theory-driven research to identify helpful coping strategies for carers of people with FTD.
Preventing a cluster from becoming a new wave in settings with zero community COVID-19 cases
Authors: Abeysuriya Romesh G. , Delport Dominic , Stuart Robyn M. , Sacks-Davis Rachel , Kerr Cliff C. , Mistry Dina , Klein Daniel J. , Hellard Margaret , Scott Nick 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
In settings with zero community transmission, any new SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks are likely to be the result of random incursions. The level of restrictions in place at the time of the incursion is likely to considerably affect possible outbreak trajectories, but the probability that a large outbreak eventuates is not known.

Methods
We used an agent-based model to investigate the relationship between ongoing restrictions and behavioural factors, and the probability of an incursion causing an outbreak and the resulting growth rate. We applied our model to the state of Victoria, Australia, which has reached zero community transmission as of November 2020.

Results
We found that a future incursion has a 45% probability of causing an outbreak (defined as a 7-day average of > 5 new cases per day within 60 days) if no restrictions were in place, decreasing to 23% with a mandatory masks policy, density restrictions on venues such as restaurants, and if employees worked from home where possible. A drop in community symptomatic testing rates was associated with up to a 10-percentage point increase in outbreak probability, highlighting the importance of maintaining high testing rates as part of a suppression strategy.

Conclusions
Because the chance of an incursion occurring is closely related to border controls, outbreak risk management strategies require an integrated approaching spanning border controls, ongoing restrictions, and plans for response. Each individual restriction or control strategy reduces the risk of an outbreak. They can be traded off against each other, but if too many are removed there is a danger of accumulating an unsafe level of risk. The outbreak probabilities estimated in this study are of particular relevance in assessing the downstream risks associated with increased international travel.
The Early Warning and Response System (EWARS-TDR) for dengue outbreaks: can it also be applied to chikungunya and Zika outbreak warning?
Authors: Cardenas Rocio , Hussain-Alkhateeb Laith , Benitez-Valladares David , Sánchez-Tejeda Gustavo , Kroeger Axel 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
In the Americas, endemic countries for Aedes-borne diseases such as dengue, chikungunya, and Zika face great challenges particularly since the recent outbreaks of CHIKV and ZIKV, all transmitted by the same insect vectors Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus. The Special Program for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR-WHO) has developed together with partners an Early Warning and Response System (EWARS) for dengue outbreaks based on a variety of alarm signals with a high sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV). The question is if this tool can also be used for the prediction of Zika and chikungunya outbreaks.

Methodology
We conducted in nine districts of Mexico and one large city in Colombia a retrospective analysis of epidemiological data (for the outbreak definition) and of climate and entomological data (as potential alarm indicators) produced by the national surveillance systems for dengue, chikungunya and Zika outbreak prediction covering the following outbreak years: for dengue 2012–2016, for Zika 2015–2017, for chikungunya 2014–2016. This period was divided into a “run in period” (to establish the “historical” pattern of the disease) and an “analysis period” (to identify sensitivity and PPV of outbreak prediction).

Results
In Mexico, the sensitivity of alarm signals for correctly predicting an outbreak was 100% for dengue, and 97% for Zika (chikungunya data could not be obtained in Mexico); the PPV was 83% for dengue and 100% for Zika. The time period between alarm and start of the outbreak (i.e. the time available for early response activities) was for Zika 4–5 weeks. In Colombia the sensitivity of the outbreak prediction was 92% for dengue, 93% for chikungunya and 100% for Zika; the PPV was 68% for dengue, 92% for chikungunya and 54% for Zika; the prediction distance was for dengue 3–5 weeks, for chikungunya 10–13 weeks and for Zika 6–10 weeks.

Conclusion
EWARS demonstrated promising capability of timely disease outbreak prediction with an operational design likely to improve the coordination among stakeholders. However, the prediction validity varied substantially across different types of diseases and appeared less optimal in low endemic settings.
Adult acute respiratory distress syndrome due to human parvovirus B19 infection after cardiac surgery: a case report
Authors: Ma Min , Ma Xiaojun , Jia Ming , Hou Xiaotong , Wang Hong 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Infection with human parvovirus B19 (PB19) is very common in pediatric patients. Symptoms and signs depend on the infected patient’s immune and hematopoietic status and can range from an asymptomatic condition to life-threatening disease.

Case presentation
A 69-year-old man received elective mitral valvular replacement and tricuspid valvuloplasty under cardiopulmonary bypass and suffered acute respiratory distress syndrome on postoperative day 8. Through the detection of positive serum IgM and human PB19-specific nucleic acids in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid via metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS), acute human PB19 infection was confirmed. The patient was ventilated and the pulmonary infiltration was attenuated six days later.

Conclusion
A combination of serum human PB19 DNA by mNGS and positive serum human PB19 IgM could provide higher diagnostic sensitivity for acute human PB19 infection. The method of mNGS may be a new choice for detecting rare or atypical pathogens in severe complicated pneumonia. The infection of human PB19 was possibly self-limited.