bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An animal derivative-free medium enhances Lactobacillus johnsonii LJO02 supernatant selective efficacy against the methicillin (oxacillin)-resistant Staphylococcus aureus virulence through key-metabolites
Authors: Squarzanti Diletta Francesca , Zanetta Paola , Ormelli Margherita , Manfredi Marcello , Barberis Elettra , Vanella Virginia Vita , Amoruso Angela , Pane Marco , Azzimonti Barbara 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria, such as the skin commensal Staphylococcus aureus, is a worldwide health challenge; new methods to counteract opportunistic pathogen growth and virulence are urgent. We compared the activity of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus LR06 (DSM 21981) and Lactobacillus johnsonii LJO02 (DSM 33828) cell-free supernatants (CFSs) produced in the conventional animal derivative-based MRS medium and an innovative animal derivative-free broth (TIL) versus the MDR S. aureus (ATCC 43300). CFS influence was assessed towards the viability, metabolic activity, and ability to form biofilm of the MDR strain through optical density, alamarBlue assay, and crystal violet staining; their content in short-chain fatty acids, lactic acid, and proteins was analysed via high-resolution mass spectrometry and gas chromatography. All CFSs reduce viable and metabolically active S. aureus, being TIL more efficient compared to MRS in stimulating lactic acid bacteria metabolism and decreasing S. aureus biofilm formation. Particularly, the CFS from LJO02 grown in TIL has the best efficacy, revealing a high amount of lactic acid and 59 peculiar proteins; its effectiveness is partially maintained upon trypsin and proteinase K treatments, but not by pepsin and pH basification. Therefore, antagonistic CFSs may represent a strategic prevention approach, with bacteriotherapeutic and bio-repair potential.
Vascular alterations among male elite athletes recovering from SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Bauer Pascal , Kraushaar Lutz , Dörr Oliver , Keranov Stanislav , Nef Holger , Hamm Christian W. , Most Astrid 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSARS-CoV-2 may affect the cardiovascular system and vascular impairment has been reported in healthy young adults recovering from COVID-19. However, the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the vascular function of elite athletes is unknown. We examined 30 healthy male elite athletes (age 25.8 ± 4.6 years) pre-season and at a 6-month follow-up (182 ± 10 days). Vascular function and central blood pressure were calculated using transfer function-based analysis of peripheral arterial waveforms obtained by oscillometry. We performed a two-way repeated-measures ANOVA on the biomarker data, with SARS-CoV-2 status as the between-groups factor and time as the within-groups factor. Subjects who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 were studied 18 ± 4 days after their positive testing date at follow-up. Of 30 athletes, 15 tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 after the first examination and prior to the follow-up. None had severe COVID-19 or reported any persisting symptoms. The results of the two-way repeated measures ANOVA revealed that there was no significant main effect of COVID-19 on any of the investigated biomarkers. However, there was a significant interaction between the effects of SARS-CoV-2 exposure and time on augmentation index (Aix) (p = 0.006) and augmentation index normalized to a heart rate of 75 beats per minute (Aix@75), (p = 0.0018). The observation of an interaction effect on Aix and Aix@75 in the absence of any main effect indicates a cross-over interaction. Significant vascular alterations in male elite athletes recovering from COVID-19 were observed that suggest vascular impairment. Whether these alterations affect athletic performance should be evaluated in future studies.
An interpretable deep learning workflow for discovering subvisual abnormalities in CT scans of COVID-19 inpatients and survivors
Authors: Zhou Longxi , Meng Xianglin , Huang Yuxin , Kang Kai , Zhou Juexiao , Chu Yuetan , Li Haoyang , Xie Dexuan , Zhang Jiannan , Yang Weizhen , Bai Na , Zhao Yi , Zhao Mingyan , Wang Guohua , Carin Lawrence , Xiao Xigang , Yu Kaijiang , Qiu Zhaowen , Gao Xin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTremendous efforts have been made to improve diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19, but knowledge on long-term complications is limited. In particular, a large portion of survivors has respiratory complications, but currently, experienced radiologists and state-of-the-art artificial intelligence systems are not able to detect many abnormalities from follow-up computerized tomography (CT) scans of COVID-19 survivors. Here we propose Deep-LungParenchyma-Enhancing (DLPE), a computer-aided detection (CAD) method for detecting and quantifying pulmonary parenchyma lesions on chest CT. Through proposing a number of deep-learning-based segmentation models and assembling them in an interpretable manner, DLPE removes irrelevant tissues from the perspective of pulmonary parenchyma, and calculates the scan-level optimal window, which considerably enhances parenchyma lesions relative to the lung window. Aided by DLPE, radiologists discovered novel and interpretable lesions from COVID-19 inpatients and survivors, which were previously invisible under the lung window. Based on DLPE, we removed the scan-level bias of CT scans, and then extracted precise radiomics from such novel lesions. We further demonstrated that these radiomics have strong predictive power for key COVID-19 clinical metrics on an inpatient cohort of 1,193 CT scans and for sequelae on a survivor cohort of 219 CT scans. Our work sheds light on the development of interpretable medical artificial intelligence and showcases how artificial intelligence can discover medical findings that are beyond sight.
Adiponectin Reduces Lipid Content in Chicken Myoblasts by Activating AMPK Signaling Pathway
Authors: Hu Qingmei , Wang Dan , Lin Hai , Li Haifang , Zhao Jingpeng , Jiao Hong Chao , Wang Xiaojuan 
Published: May 2022

Studies in mammals have shown that adiponectin is secreted mainly by adipocytes, and it plays a crucial role in glucose and lipid metabolism in muscles. Clarifying the crosstalk role of adiponectin between adipose tissue and skeletal muscle tissue is very important for internal homeostasis. The glucose and lipid metabolism of chicken is different from that of mammals, and the role of adiponectin in chickens is unclear. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the effect and mechanism of adiponectin on lipid metabolism in chickens. In this study, the regulating effect of adiponectin on lipid metabolism in chicken myoblasts was explored by adding a certain concentration of exogenous recombinant adiponectin. Results showed that adiponectin reduced intracellular lipid content, increasing the mRNA expression of adiponectin receptor and cellular uptake of glucose and fatty acids. In addition, adiponectin activated the 5′ adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway. The above results suggested that adiponectin reduced intracellular lipid content, mainly by binding to adiponectin receptor, activating AMPK pathway, increasing cellular uptake of glucose and fatty acids, and promoting lipid oxidation.
An analytical model of an eddy‐current coil near the edge of a conductive plate
Authors: Yang Xinyi , Luo Yao , Kyrgiazoglou Athanasios , Tytko Grzegorz , Theodoulidis Theodoros 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTruncated region eigenfunction expansion (TREE) method is applied to the analysis of impedance change of a coil in the vicinity of the edge of a metal plate. The analysis is carried out with the second order vector potentials (SOVPs) and provided for both cylindrical and rectangular coils. By full discretisation of the eigenvalues, double series solutions are obtained for the field and coil impedance variations. To simplify the solving procedure further, a novel approach for the determination of eigenvalues is proposed by means of the 1D finite element method (FEM), which is easy to implement and works well for the plate of non‐magnetic material. Numerical results for the impedance variations of cylindrical and rectangular coils are compared with those of 3D FEM simulation, by which the efficiency and accuracy of the authors’ method are confirmed, and the former is much faster and more memory efficient.
Ergebnisse und Lebensqualität nach individueller computer-gestützter Rekonstruktion des Mittelgesichtes
Authors: Gellrich Nils-Claudius , Rahlf Björn , Jehn Philipp , Spalthoff Simon , Korn Philippe 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungDefekte im Bereich des Mittelgesichtes sind oftmals nicht nur von funktioneller Bedeutung, auch die ästhetische Komponente solcher angeborenen oder erworbenen Deformitäten beeinträchtigen maßgeblich die Lebensqualität der Patienten. So bedingen Rekonstruktionen des Mittelgesichtes nicht nur lediglich verlorengegangenes oder nicht angelegtes Gewebe zu ersetzen, sondern vielmehr vorhersagbare Ergebnisse sowohl hinsichtlich Ästhtetik als auch Funktion für den individuellen Patienten zu erzielen. Digitale Planungsmöglichkeiten unter Einbeziehung von unterschiedlichen Oberflächen- und Volumendaten in Kombination mit modernen additiven Fertigungstechniken zur Biomodell- und Implantat-Herstellung sowie intraoperativer Unterstützung durch Nutzung realer und virtueller 3D-Volumendaten bei Navigation und intraoperativer Bildgebung aber auch Ergebnissicherung durch postoperative Analyse haben heute in die moderne Mittelgesichtsrekonstruktion Einzug gehalten und setzen neue Standards für die medizinische Versorgung. Ziel dieses Referates ist es im Folgenden die modernen Möglichkeiten der patienten-spezifischen Mittelgesichtsrekonstruktion unter Einbeziehung computer-assistierer Planungs- und Fertigungstechniken darzustellen.
An Improved Scalable Process for the Synthesis of (S,S)-DACH-Ph Trost Ligand
Authors: Zhang Yongda , Chong Eugene , White Jada A. H. , Radomkit Suttipol , Xu Yibo , Kosnik Stephanie C. , Lorenz Jon C. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAn improved chemical process has been developed for the synthesis of (S,S)-DACH-Ph Trost ligand. The amidation of 2-diphenylphosphinylbenzoic acid and (S,S)-diaminocyclohexane is promoted by stoichiometric CDI and catalytic imidazole hydrochloride. The resulting product, (S,S)-DACH-Ph Trost ligand, is isolated as a white solid in 80% yield with >99% ee by simple filtration without column chromatography. The current facile process is also demonstrated on kilogram scale.
Numerical study of ice accretion inside an inertial particle separator
Authors: Qiu Changbo , Chen Ningli , Hu Yaping , Wang Biao , Hu Songjun 
Published: May 2022

The inertial particle separator (IPS) installed before a helicopter engine runs the risk of ice accretion. This paper describes a numerical study of ice accretion inside an IPS. The effects of the droplet diameter (MVD = 5, 10, and 20 µm), liquid water content (LWC = 0.5, 2, and 4 g/m3), and incoming velocity (U0 = 45, 60, and 90 m/s) on ice accretion are studied. The results show that ice accretes on the windward side of the hub, the bent surface of the shroud, and the leading edge of the splitter. The ice thickness on all the surfaces of the IPS generally increases with increasing U0, MVD, and LWC, with the exception that the ice layer thickness on the splitter surface decreases as the MVD increases. This exception arises because the mass of water droplets impinging on the upper surface of the splitter wall decreases with increasing MVD. The effect of ice accretion on the aerodynamic performance of the IPS is also studied. It is found that ice accretion can block the flow area of the “throat” and the inlet of the scavenge flow channel, thus modifying the aerodynamic shape of the inner surface of the IPS and the internal flow field. When MVD = 10 µm and LWC = 4 g/m3, the scavenge ratio after icing decreases with increasing ice thickness. With the exception of LWC = 0.5 g/m3, the total pressure recovery coefficient of the core flow path of the IPS obviously decreases as the ice layer thickens.
Bulk InAsSb-based upside-down pCBn photodetectors with greater than 5 µm cut-off wavelength
Authors: Chen Dongqiong , Li Dexiang , Xiao Tingting , Shi Jingmei , He Yan , Gong Xiaoxia , Yang Shaopei , Yue Biao , Zhao Jun , Yang Wenyun , Deng Gongrong 
Published: May 2022

The InAsSb-based photodetectors covering the whole mid-infrared wavelength at 150 K have been modeled, successfully fabricated, and characterized. In this work, we increased the Sb composition in InAs1−xSbx to extend the cut-off wavelength; simultaneously, the novel upside-down structure was adopted to decrease the dark current to ensure good performance of the device at high operating temperature. The growth sequence of the upside-down InAs0.81Sb0.19/AlAsSb material system was reversed to the conventional nBn structure, and the AlSb/AlAs0.08Sb0.92 electron compound barrier was grown before the InAs0.81Sb0.19 active layer. At 150 K and 0.8 V forward bias, the fabricated photodetector demonstrates a dark current density around 3.46 × 10−4 A/cm2, a peak responsivity up to 1.89 A/W, and a quantum efficiency up to 56% at 4.2 µm, corresponding to 1.23 × 1011 cm Hz1/2/W detectivity.
End-User License Agreements (EULAs)
Authors: Ericson Jonathan D. , Albert William S. , Bernard Benjamin P. , Brown Elizabeth 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
An online survey (N = 810) examined the impact of design best practices on the perceived usability of End-User License Agreements (EULAs). Redesigning a EULA according to best-practices (without changing the EULA’s terms and conditions) led to higher perceived usability while responses to attitudinal (perceived reasonableness of conditions) and behavioral (anticipated agreement and use) items were unaffected. Readers (who reported reading EULAs frequently) (a) provided more positive evaluations of EULAs and (b) were more likely to anticipate agreeing to EULA terms than non-readers. These results suggest that best practices in document design can improve the usability of End-User License Agreements.
Thin film transistors and metal–semiconductor–metal photodetectors based on GaN thin films grown by inductively coupled plasma metal-organic chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Yu Jiadong , Zhang Zixuan , Luo Yi , Wang Jian , Wang Lai , Li Xiang , Hao Zhibiao , Sun Changzheng , Han Yanjun , Xiong Bing , Li Hongtao 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Gallium nitride (GaN) films with an almost single-crystalline quality, smooth surface, and high optical transmission were prepared at 580 °C using inductively coupled plasma metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (ICP-MOCVD) based on a showerhead structure. The GaN thin films with unintentional doping were used as the active layer in the production of thin-film transistors (TFTs) and metal–semiconductor–metal (MSM) photodetectors. TFTs had on-to-off current ratios of 6.3 × 103 and their output characteristics demonstrated the proper saturation behavior of transistors. The field-effect mobility was 3.79 cm2 (V s)−1. MSMs were visible blind, with a contrast of almost three orders of magnitude between ultraviolet and green light. The maximum responsivity was 34 mA W−1 with a 10 V bias voltage and a 325 nm illumination. When the bias voltage was >2 V, the quantum efficiency and noise equivalent power under 266 nm illumination reached >10% and <1

pW

(

H

z

1/2

)

−
1

, respectively. These findings suggest that the ICP-MOCVD technique has the potential to be used to fabricate (opto)electronic devices at low temperatures.
Modeling of CO2 conversion in low-pressure glow discharges in CO2-N2 mixtures
Authors: Naidis G V , Babaeva N Yu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
An approach for evaluation of plasma parameters and conversion factor in glow discharges in CO2–N2 mixtures at low pressures is presented. In the framework of this approach, analytical expressions relating plasma characteristics (the electric field, the gas temperature) in discharges in the mixtures with those in pure CO2 have been obtained. It is shown that dissociation of CO2 molecules in collisions with electronically excited N2 molecules gives substantial contribution to the conversion rate. Obtained dependences of the plasma parameters and conversion factor on the nitrogen molar fraction agree with available experimental data.
Degradation of cotton stalk lignin by carbon dots loaded copper oxide synergistic emulsion system
Authors: Dong Han , Ding Lijie , Wu Lei , Mamatjan Yimit 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Based on the realization of efficient utilization of cotton stalk lignin, the degradation of cotton stalk lignin by a CDs/CuO synergistic emulsion system was investigated. Copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles with monoclinic crystal structure were prepared and carbon dots (CDs) synthesized by microwave method was combined with CuO. Under visible light, water and n-butanol were used to construct a water–oil (W/O) emulsion reaction system to achieved depolymerisation of lignin into small molecule compounds. The involvement of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) makes the degradation of lignin in this system even more effective. The final high value-added monophenolic compound of 57.70 mg g−1 was obtained, among which the most abundant were six monophenolic compounds such as vanillin, eugenol and vinyl guaiacol and so on. The results of GC-MS and FTIR characterization indicated that H-type monomers were the main products of lignin degradation in this system. The process conditions for lignin hydrogenolysis in this system were optimized and the best ratio of CDs/CuO was obtained by product analysis. There were characterized by SEM, TEM, XRD, XPS, FTIR, and US–vis. The results show that CDs/CuO aggregates into flower clusters, in which CDs are uniformly distributed on the surface of rhomboidal CuO monoliths. The analysis shows that the doping of CDs improves the absorption efficiency of CuO in the visible region, while reducing the complexation of CuO photogenerated electrons and holes, which achieves the purpose of improved photocatalytic activity of CuO.
Relative stopping power resolution in time-of-flight proton CT
Authors: Krah Nils , Dauvergne Denis , Létang Jean Michel , Rit Simon , Testa Étienne 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objective. Proton computed tomography (CT) is similar to x-ray CT but relies on protons rather than photons to form an image. In its most common operation mode, the measured quantity is the amount of energy that a proton has lost while traversing the imaged object from which a relative stopping power map can be obtained via tomographic reconstruction. To this end, a calorimeter which measures the energy deposited by protons downstream of the scanned object has been studied or implemented as energy detector in several proton CT prototypes. An alternative method is to measure the proton’s residual velocity and thus its kinetic energy via the time of flight (TOF) between at least two sensor planes. In this work, we study the RSP resolution, seen as image noise, which can be expected from TOF proton CT systems.

Approach. We rely on physics models on the one hand and statistical models of the relevant uncertainties on the other to derive closed form expressions for the noise in projection images. The TOF measurement error scales with the distance between the TOF sensor planes and is reported as velocity error in ps/m. We use variance reconstruction to obtain noise maps of a water cylinder phantom given the scanner characteristics and additionally reconstruct noise maps for a calorimeter-based proton CT system as reference. We use Monte Carlo simulations to verify our model and to estimate the noise due to multiple Coulomb scattering inside the object. We also provide a comparison of TOF helium and proton CT.

Main results. We find that TOF proton CT with 30 ps m−1 velocity error reaches similar image noise as a calorimeter-based proton CT system with 1% energy error (1 sigma error). A TOF proton CT system with a 50 ps m−1 velocity error produces slightly less noise than a 2% calorimeter system. Noise in a reconstructed TOF proton CT image is spatially inhomogeneous with a marked increase towards the object periphery. Our modelled noise was consistent with Monte Carlo simulated images. TOF helium CT offers lower RSP noise at equal fluence, but is less advantageous at equal imaging dose.

Significance. This systematic study of image noise in TOF proton CT can serve as a guide for future developments of this alternative solution for estimating the residual energy of protons and helium ions after the scanned object.
Stiffness and coherence length measurements of ultra-thin superconductors, and implications for layered superconductors
Authors: Keren Amit , Blau Nitsan , Gavish Nir , Kenneth Oded , Ivry Yachin , Suleiman Mohammad 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Based on the London equation, we use a rotor-free vector potential A and current measurements by a SQUID, to determine the superconducting (SC) Pearl length Λ and coherence length ξ
0, of ultra-thin, ring shaped, MoSi films, as a function of thickness d and temperature T. We find that T

c
and ξ
0 are functions of d and both jump at

ξ
0

∼
d
∼
5

nm. At base temperature the SC stiffness, defined by

1

/

λ
2

=
1

/

(
Λ
d
)

, is an increasing function of T

c
. Similar behavior, known as the Uemura plot, exists in bulk layered superconductors, but with doping as an implicit parameter. We also provide the critical exponents of

Λ
(
T
)

.
Surface quality characterization of thin Nb films for superconducting radiofrequency cavities
Authors: Ries R , Seiler E , Gömöry F , Medvids A , Onufrijevs P , Pira C , Chyhyrynets E , Malyshev O B , Valizadeh R 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Superconducting radiofrequency (SRF) cavities are vital components of particle accelerators nowadays. In order to minimise the energy dissipation, a perfect inner surface of the cavity, hindering the penetration of magnetic field, is required. In this work, we investigated ten planar samples differing in the surface quality of Nb film deposited on Cu substrate, and as a consequence exhibiting various levels of the first entry field, H
en, at which the magnetic field starts to enter the film. The observed surface defects are categorised as hills, pits and cracks. For a practical range of dimensions of these features, the factor β, characterising the local magnetic field enhancement, was calculated by the numerical finite-element simulations. It is expected that the local field enhancement causes a premature penetration of the magnetic field, thus lowering H
en. Then, for each investigated sample, the range of β values characterising defect type that cause the highest field enhancement, is identified and compared with the H
en fields. We have found that the H
en of the samples that contain multiple types of the surface features is indeed limited by those defects that cause the highest field enhancement. The H
en vs β dependence has shown a good match with linear fit for the set of investigated samples. Thus, the main result is that the local magnetic field enhancement, computed in a straightforward way for the most significant defects, is a strong indicator of the surface quality that is relevant for the superconducting film intended for SRF cavity application.