bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of checkpoint genes on the tumour side of the immunological synapse
Authors: Dobosz Paula , Stempor Przemysław A. , Ramírez Moreno Miguel , Bulgakova Natalia A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCancer is a disease of the genome, therefore, its development has a clear Mendelian component, demonstrated by well-studied genes such as BRCA1 and BRCA2 in breast cancer risk. However, it is known that a single genetic variant is not enough for cancer to develop leading to the theory of multistage carcinogenesis. In many cases, it is a sequence of events, acquired somatic mutations, or simply polygenic components with strong epigenetic effects, such as in the case of brain tumours. The expression of many genes is the product of the complex interplay between several factors, including the organism’s genotype (in most cases Mendelian-inherited), genetic instability, epigenetic factors (non-Mendelian-inherited) as well as the immune response of the host, to name just a few. In recent years the importance of the immune system has been elevated, especially in the light of the immune checkpoint genes discovery and the subsequent development of their inhibitors. As the expression of these genes normally suppresses self-immunoreactivity, their expression by tumour cells prevents the elimination of the tumour by the immune system. These discoveries led to the rapid growth of the field of immuno-oncology that offers new possibilities of long-lasting and effective treatment options. Here we discuss the recent advances in the understanding of the key mechanisms controlling the expression of immune checkpoint genes in tumour cells.
Methods for numerical simulation of knit based morphable structures: knitmorphs
Authors: Rout Sangram K. , Bisram Marisa Ravena , Cao Jian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractShape morphing behavior has applications in many fields such as soft robotics, actuators and sensors, solar cells, tight packaging, flexible electronics, and biomedicine. The most common approach to achieve shape morphing structures is through shape memory alloys or hydrogels. These two materials undergo differential strains which generate a variety of shapes. In this work, we demonstrate the novel concept that 2D knits comprising of yarns from different materials can be morphed into different three-dimensional shapes thereby forming a bridge between traditional knitting and shape changing structures. This concept is referred to as Knitmorphs. Our computational analysis acts as the proof of concept revealing that knitted patterns of varying materials morph into complex shapes, such as saddle, axisymmetric cup, and a plate with waves when subjected to thermal loads. Two-dimensional circular models of plain and rib developed on CAD packages are imported to the finite element analysis software Abaqus, followed by post-processing into wires and assigning fiber material properties of different thermal coefficients of expansion and stiffness. We also propose potential applications for the concept of programmable knits for developing robots based upon jellyfish like locomotion, and complex structures similar to wind turbine blades. This novel concept is meant to introduce a new field for design when considering morphable structures.
Fast environmental sound classification based on resource adaptive convolutional neural network
Authors: Fang Zheng , Yin Bo , Du Zehua , Huang Xianqing 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRecently, with the construction of smart city, the research on environmental sound classification (ESC) has attracted the attention of academia and industry. The development of convolutional neural network (CNN) makes the accuracy of ESC reach a higher level, but the accuracy improvement brought by CNN is often accompanied by the deepening of network layers, which leads to the rapid growth of parameters and floating-point operations (FLOPs). Therefore, it is difficult to transplant CNN model to embedded devices, and the classification speed is also difficult to accept. In order to reduce the hardware requirements of running CNN and improve the speed of ESC, this paper proposes a resource adaptive convolutional neural network (RACNN). RACNN uses a novel resource adaptive convolutional (RAC) module, which can generate the same number of feature maps as conventional convolution operations more cheaply, and extract the time and frequency features of audio efficiently. The RAC block based on the RAC module is designed to build the lightweight RACNN model, and the RAC module can also be used to upgrade the existing CNN model. Experiments based on public datasets show that RACNN achieves higher performance than the state-of-the-art methods with lower computational complexity.
A simple method considering the synergetic effect of space charge and inhomogeneous material conductivity for DC electric field computation
Authors: Yang Xiao , Zhang Yi , Yang Zhuodong , Dong Hao , Li Chengrong , Qi Bo , Lu Licheng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe current continuity equation is usually applied to solve DC electric field distribution when there is inhomogeneous material conductivity due to temperature gradient or multi‐layer dielectrics. However, in the presence of charge accumulation, which may result from the process of electrode injection, impurity ionisation or charge trapping, the material conductivity is in tangled relationship with local field strength, and the current continuity equation can be hardly applied due to the ignorance of conductivity distribution. Thus, quantitative analysis on the effect of space (surface) charge for DC apparatus with inhomogeneous material conductivity has been a difficult problem, which requires a complicated physical model to solve. This paper has proposed a simple method to compute the synergetic influence of inhomogeneous conductivity and the space charge on the DC field distribution; through assigning bulk (interface) charge as functions of local material conductivity and field strength, the effect of inhomogeneous conductivity can be incorporated in Gauss' law and the space charge accumulation can be further included in the equation. The effect of space (surface) charge on electric field distribution in DC apparatus with temperature gradient as well as multiple‐layer dielectrics is simulated through the proposed method, which shows that the method has offered a convenient approach for investigating the effect of charge accumulation on DC field distribution under various insulation structure and working conditions.
Multi‐scale GAN with residual image learning for removing heterogeneous blur
Authors: Khan Rayyan Azam , Luo Yigang , Wu Fang‐Xiang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractProcessing images with heterogeneous blur remains challenging due to multiple degradation aspects that could affect structural properties. This study proposes a deep learning‐based multi‐scaled generative adversarial network (GAN) with residual image learning to process variant and in‐variant blur. Different scaled images with corresponding gradients are concatenated as a multi‐channel single input for the proposed GAN. Residual‐ and dense‐networks are combined to explore salient features in the bottleneck section while addressing the vanishing gradient problem. A hybrid content loss function with a gradient penalty minimises the error between generated and ground truth images. Due to structure sparsity, the generated output may lose some information that leads to artifacts. Residual image learning with dilation and end‐to‐end training is used to resolve this issue by recovering high‐resolution anatomical details. Three different datasets: GoPro, Köhler, and Lai, with variant and in‐variant blur, are used to perform qualitative and quantitative analyses. Experiments show the proposed method is effective in reducing blur while preserving structural properties compared to multiple preprocessing techniques for image analysis. Moreover, the consistently improved performance over multiple publicly available datasets validates the merits of the proposed method for large data analysis.
A grating lobe suppression method for displaced subarrays using genetic algorithm
Authors: Yang Lei , Wang Kan , Sun Hongbing 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe large‐element‐spacing array is often used to reduce the channels and costs of the phased array. However, it will form grating lobes (GLs) in the visible space, which decrease the performance. The displaced subarray technique has strong GL suppression ability and simple engineering implementation, but its design process is very complex. This paper presents a new parameter design method of variable subarray gaps. The gaps between subarray are optimised using genetic algorithm, and the levels of GL and quantisation lobe (QL) can be minimised simultaneously. This method sets the normalised values of gaps and the maximum gap as optimisation variables, which greatly improves the convergence speed and has strong global optimisation. In addition, a new segmented multimode horn is proposed as the array element. Its influence on GL suppression is also considered in the optimisation process. This method is used to design a prototype with 52 subarrays. The measured results show that the GL level is below −15.9 dB and the QL level is below −24 dB from 16 to 19 GHz, which are in good agreement with the simulation results. It shows that this method has a strong ability to suppress GL and QL levels for wideband applications.
Aerosoltherapie auf Intensivstation
Authors: Geiseler Jens , Mönig Olaf , Butzert Peter , Haidl Peter 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Inhalationstherapie stellt v. a. bei pneumologischen Grund- oder Begleiterkrankungen sowohl bei invasiver als auch nichtinvasiver Beatmung häufig einen Eckpfeiler der Therapie dar, überwiegend in Form einer antiobstruktiven Therapie bei Asthma und COPD. Daneben wird im pädiatrischen Bereich beim respiratorischen Versagen infolge Frühgeburtlichkeit häufig Surfactant vernebelt. Weitere Medikamente sind inhalativ verabreichte Antibiotika, Sekretolytika sowie Substanzen zur Senkung des Pulmonalisdrucks. Der vorliegende Artikel fokussiert auf die Erwachsenen-Medizin und gibt Empfehlungen für eine korrekte Durchführung der Inhalationstherapie sowohl bei invasiver als auch nichtinvasiver Beatmung auf der Intensivstation. Ebenso werden Aspekte der Sicherheit von Patient und Personal während der Inhalationsphasen im Zusammenhang mit der aktuellen Corona-Epidemie besprochen.
Endoscopic sigmoidopexy for recurrent sigmoid volvulus in inoperable patients: a retrospective series of 15 patients
Authors: Ouazana Salome , Coron Emmanuel , Le Rhun Marc , Le Rhun Marianne , Dray Xavier , Quénéhervé Lucille 
Published: April 2022

Background Recurrent sigmoid volvulus is frequent and sometimes occurs in frail patients with contraindications to surgical sigmoidectomy. Percutaneous endoscopic sigmoidopexy (PES) has recently been proposed as an alternative to elective sigmoidectomy. We aimed to describe the efficacy and safety of PES.Methods All consecutive patients who underwent PES for recurrent sigmoid volvulus at two French centers between January 2017 and March 2021 were included in this retrospective case series. Recurrent sigmoid volvulus was defined as at least two symptomatic episodes treated by endoscopic decompression. Under endoscopic guidance, anchors were placed to attach the sigmoid to the anterior abdominal wall, allowing the placement of pigtail Chait catheters.Results 15 patients (60 % female; median age 74 years [range 49–96]) were included. Median number of previous sigmoid volvulus episodes was 3 (range 2–6). Procedures were technically successful with no intraprocedural adverse events for 14 patients (93 %). Peritonitis occurred at Day 2 in one patient (serious adverse event rate 7 %). Median follow-up time was 10 months (range 1–30). No sigmoid volvulus recurrence occurred during follow-up.Conclusion PES using Chait catheters was feasible and effective for recurrent sigmoid volvulus and should be considered as an alternative to sigmoidectomy in inoperable patients.
Predictors of adverse events after endoscopic ultrasound-guided through-the-needle biopsy of pancreatic cysts: a recursive partitioning analysis
Authors: Facciorusso Antonio , Kovacevic Bojan , Yang Dennis , Vilas-Boas Filipe , Martínez-Moreno Belén , Stigliano Serena , Rizzatti Gianenrico , Sacco Marco , Arevalo-Mora Martha , Villarreal-Sanchez Leonardo , Conti Bellocchi Maria Cristina , Bernardoni Laura , Gabbrielli Armando , Barresi Luca , Gkolfakis Paraskevas , Robles-Medranda Carlos , De Angelis Claudio , Larghi Alberto , Di Matteo Francesco Maria , Aparicio José R. , Macedo Guilherme , Draganov Peter V. , Vilmann Peter , Pecchia Leandro , Repici Alessandro , Crinò Stefano Francesco 
Published: April 2022

Background and study aims Endoscopic ultrasound-guided through-the-needle biopsy (TTNB) of pancreatic cystic lesions (PCLs) is associated with a non-negligible risk for adverse events (AEs). We aimed to identify the hierarchic interaction among independent predictors for TTNB-related AEs and to generate a prognostic model using recursive partitioning analysis (RPA).
Patients and methods Multicenter retrospective analysis of 506 patients with PCLs who underwent TTNB. RPA of predictors for AEs was performed and the model was validated by means of bootstrap resampling.
Results Mean cysts size was 36.7 mm. Most common diagnoses were intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN, 45 %), serous cystadenoma (18.8 %), and mucinous cystadenoma (12.8 %). Fifty-eight (11.5 %) AEs were observed. At multivariate analysis, age (odds ratio [OR] 1.32, 1.09–2.14; p = 0.05), number of TTNB passes (OR from 2.17, 1.32–4.34 to OR 3.16, 2.03–6.34 with the increase of the number of passes), complete aspiration of the cyst (OR 0.56, 0.31–0.95; p = 0.02), and diagnosis of IPMN (OR 4.16, 2.27–7.69; p < 0.001) were found to be independent predictors of AEs, as confirmed by logistic regression and random forest analyses. RPA identified three risk classes: high-risk (IPMN sampled with multiple microforceps passes, 28 % AEs rate), low-risk (1.4 % AE rate, including patients < 64 years with other-than-IPMN diagnosis sampled with ≤ 2 microforceps passes and with complete aspiration of the cyst) and middle-risk class (6.1 % AEs rate, including the remaining patients).
Conclusion TTNB should be selectively used in the evaluation of patients with IPMN. The present model could be applied during patient selection as to optimize the benefit/risk of TTNB.
Motorized spiral enteroscopy: results of an international multicenter prospective observational clinical study in patients with normal and altered gastrointestinal anatomy
Authors: Beyna Torsten , Moreels Tom , Arvanitakis Marianna , Pioche Mathieu , Saurin Jean-Christophe , May Andrea , Knabe Mate , Agnholt Jørgen Steen , Bjerregaard Niels Christian , Puustinen Lauri , Schlag Christoph , Aabakken Lars , Paulsen Vemund , Schneider Markus , Neurath Markus F. , Rath Timo , Devière Jacques , Neuhaus Horst 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background Motorized spiral enteroscopy (MSE) has been shown to be safe and effective for deep enteroscopy in studies performed at expert centers with limited numbers of patients without previous abdominal surgery. This study aimed to investigate the safety, efficacy, and learning curve associated with MSE in a real-life scenario, with the inclusion of patients after abdominal surgery and with altered anatomy.
Methods Patients with indications for deep enteroscopy were enrolled in a prospective observational multicenter study. The primary objective was the serious adverse event (SAE) rate; secondary objectives were the diagnostic and therapeutic yield, procedural success, time, and insertion depth. Data analysis was subdivided into training and core (post-training) study phases at centers with different levels of MSE experience.
Results 298 patients (120 women; median age 68, range 19–92) were enrolled. In the post-training phase, 21.5 % (n = 54) had previous abdominal surgery, 10.0 % (n = 25) had surgically altered anatomy. Overall, SAEs occurred in 2.3 % (7/298; 95 %CI 0.9 %–4.8 %). The SAE rate was 2.0 % (5/251) in the core group and 4.3 % (2/47) in the training group, and was not increased after abdominal surgery (1.9 %). Total enteroscopy was achieved in half of the patients (n = 42) undergoing planned total enteroscopy. In 295/337 procedures (87.5 %), the anatomical region of interest could be reached.
Conclusions This prospective multicenter study showed that MSE was feasible and safe in a large cohort of patients in a real-life setting, after a short learning curve. MSE was shown to be feasible in postsurgical patients, including those with altered anatomy, without an increase in the SAE rate.
Modeling Mechanical Ventilation In Silico—Potential and Pitfalls
Authors: Hannon David M. , Mistry Sonal , Das Anup , Saffaran Sina , Laffey John G. , Brook Bindi S. , Hardman Jonathan G. , Bates Declan G. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractComputer simulation offers a fresh approach to traditional medical research that is particularly well suited to investigating issues related to mechanical ventilation. Patients receiving mechanical ventilation are routinely monitored in great detail, providing extensive high-quality data-streams for model design and configuration. Models based on such data can incorporate very complex system dynamics that can be validated against patient responses for use as investigational surrogates. Crucially, simulation offers the potential to “look inside” the patient, allowing unimpeded access to all variables of interest. In contrast to trials on both animal models and human patients, in silico models are completely configurable and reproducible; for example, different ventilator settings can be applied to an identical virtual patient, or the same settings applied to different patients, to understand their mode of action and quantitatively compare their effectiveness. Here, we review progress on the mathematical modeling and computer simulation of human anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology in the context of mechanical ventilation, with an emphasis on the clinical applications of this approach in various disease states. We present new results highlighting the link between model complexity and predictive capability, using data on the responses of individual patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome to changes in multiple ventilator settings. The current limitations and potential of in silico modeling are discussed from a clinical perspective, and future challenges and research directions highlighted.
Exokine and the Youth-Boosting Treatment Based on One's Own Serum: Wheat and Chaff
Authors: Magistretti Philippe , Bertossi Dario , Pirayesh Ali , Magistretti Alessandra , Chirumbolo Salvatore 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWithin the field of skin rejuvenation, clinicians have broadened the application of proven therapies toward antiaging medicine. Specifically, both platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and autologous-conditioned serum (ACS) have received great consideration among experts for novel indications. While the medical research focused on ACS is strengthened in their evidence and supported by promising outcomes, much more debates exist regarding the efficacy of PRP. Despite limited supporting literature to date, physicians and surgeons should be encouraged to explore the use of these approaches and in shedding further light on their potential benefits by contributing new evidence from basic and clinical scientific investigation.
Effect of modified nano/Mg(OH)2 on the flame retardancy and mechanical properties of NBR based on molecular simulation
Authors: Honglei Yu , Dexi Wang , Niansheng Liu , Yunlong Li 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In order to explore the effect of nano Mg(OH)2(MH) on the flame retardancy and mechanical properties of nitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR) composite, molecular simulation was employed to examine the following properties of nano-MH/NBR composite, including thermal decomposition temperature, agglomeration and dispersion mechanism, shear behavior, stretcher strain and gyration radius of gyration. Discussion was performed on the microscopic mechanism of the flame retardancy and mechanical properties of nano MH/NBR composite. The simulation results indicated that the introduction of nano MH increased the thermal decomposition temperature of the composites by up to 28.92%, and that compared with the unmodified nano-MH/NBR composite, the thermal decomposition temperature of the conventionally-modified composite was increased by 19.22%. Besides, the crystal morphology, polarity and dispersion of nano-MH could be well optimized by hydrothermal modification. The Young’s modulus of the composite was increased by 35.65% by adding nano-MH into pure NBR. The Young’s modulus of the conventionally-modified nano-MH(101)/NBR and the hydrothermally-modified nano-MH(001)/NBR composite was 20.93 GPa and 21.43 GPa, respectively, an increase of 35.82% and 39.06% compared with unmodified nano-MH/NBR composite, respectively. To conclude, adding nano-MH could improve the flame retardancy and mechanical properties of NBR composite, and modified nano-MH performed better than unmodified nano-MH in NBR composite.
Feasibility of wireless cardiorespiratory monitoring with dry electrodes incorporated in a belt in preterm infants
Authors: Scholten Anouk W J , van Leuteren Ruud W , de Waal Cornelia G , de Jongh Frans H , van Kaam Anton H , Hutten G Jeroen 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objective. Monitoring heart rate (HR) and respiratory rate (RR) is essential in preterm infants and is currently measured with ECG and chest impedance (CI), respectively. However, in current clinical practice these techniques use wired adhesive electrodes which can cause skin damage and hinder parent-infant interaction. Moreover, CI is not always reliable. We assessed the feasibility of a wireless dry electrode belt to measure HR and RR via transcutaneous diaphragmatic electromyography (dEMG). Approach. In this prospective, observational study, infants were monitored up to 72 h with the belt and standard CI. Feasibility of the belt was expressed by its ability to retrieve a respiratory waveform from dEMG, determining the percentage of time with stable respiration data without signal errors (‘lead-off’ and Bluetooth Loss Error, ‘BLE’), skin-friendliness of the belt (skin score) and by exploring the ability to monitor trends in HR and RR with the belt. Main results. In all 19 included infants (median gestational age 27.3 weeks) a respiratory waveform could be obtained. The amount of signal errors was low (lead-off 0.5% (IQR 0.1–1.6) and BLE 0.3% (IQR 0.1–0.9)) and 76.5% (IQR 69.3–80.0) of the respiration measurement was stable. No adverse skin effects were observed (median skin score of 3(3–4)). A similar HR and RR trend between the belt and CI was observed. Significance. Dry electrodes incorporated in a non-adhesive belt can measure dEMG in preterm infants. The belt provided a HR and RR trend similar to CI. Future studies are required to investigate the non-inferiority of the belt as a cardiorespiratory monitor compared to CI.