bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Board gender diversity, corporate social commitment and sustainability
Authors: Arayakarnkul Pochara , Chatjuthamard Pattanaporn , Treepongkaruna Sirimon 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBuilding a sustainable organization is one of the most important goals in business. To build sustainability, firms need to have strong social commitment to establish value‐creating stakeholder relationships. As boards of directors play a critical role in setting strategy, providing management oversight and monitoring, it is also their responsibility to ensure the firm's commitment to its social responsibilities. With the right composition, boards can be effective in driving long‐term vision and creating good stakeholder relationships, contributing to firms' social capital. In this paper, we analyze board characteristics of publicly listed US firms and find evidence that support the diversity theory. In particular, that board gender diversity (proportion of female directors) is positively associated with firms' social commitment to human rights, product responsibility, and their community and workforce, evidencing female directors' contribution to firms' sustainability. To ensure the robustness of our analysis, we conduct additional analyses including propensity score matching, entropy balancing, and instrumental‐variable analysis.
Uric acid versus metabolic syndrome as markers of fatty liver disease in young people with overweight/obesity
Authors: Di Bonito Procolo , Valerio Giuliana , Licenziati Maria Rosaria , Di Sessa Anna , Miraglia del Giudice Emanuele , Morandi Anita , Maffeis Claudio , Baroni Marco Giorgio , Chiesa Claudio , Pacifico Lucia , Manco Melania 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimsTo compare the association of high serum uric acid (HUA) or metabolic syndrome (MetS) with fatty liver disease (FLD) in youths with overweight/obesity (OW/OB).Materials and MethodsCross‐sectional study of anthropometrics, biochemical variables, and liver ultrasound of 3104 individuals with OW/OB (age 5–17 years). Metabolic syndrome was defined by ≥ 3 criteria among (1) high waist circumference; (2) high triglycerides; (3) low high‐density lipoproteins; (4) fasting glucose ≥100 mg/dl; (5) blood pressure ≥95th percentile in children, and ≥130/80 mmHg in adolescents. High serum uric acid was defined as serum UA value ≥ 75th percentile adjusted for sex. Fatty liver disease was determined by echography.ResultsThe sample was stratified in four categories: (1) no HUA, no MetS (reference category); (2) MetS; (3) HUA; (4) HUA and MetS (HUA + MetS). The prevalence of FLD increased across the four categories from 29.9%, 44.0%, 52.2%, to 67.1%, respectively (p < 0.0001). The ORs for the categorical variables were 1.33 (1.06–1.68) for MetS (p = 0.02), 3.19 (2.51–4.05) for HUA (p < 0.0001) and 3.72 (2.65–5.21) for HUA + MetS (p < 0.0001), versus the reference category regardless of the body mass index.ConclusionsHUA represents a useful marker of FLD in youths with OW/OB, given its greater ability to identify those at increased risk of the disease compared to MetS. The ability of both to predict incident FLD must be investigated in longitudinal study.
Adhesion molecule Amigo2 is involved in the fasciculation process of the fasciculus retroflexus
Authors: Company Verónica , Murcia‐Ramón Raquel , Andreu‐Cervera Abraham , Aracil‐Pastor Paula , Almagro‐García Francisca , Martínez Salvador , Echevarría Diego , Puelles Eduardo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe fasciculus retroflexus is the prominent efferent pathway from the habenular complex. Medial habenular axons form a core packet whereas lateral habenular axons course in a surrounding shell. Both groups of fibers share the same initial pathway but differ in the final segment of the tract, supposedly regulated by surface molecules. The gene Amigo2 codes for a membrane adhesion molecule with an immunoglobulin‐like domain 2 and is selectively expressed in the medial habenula. We present it as a candidate for controlling the fasciculation behavior of medial habenula axons.ResultsFirst, we studied the development of the habenular efferents in an Amigo2 lack of function mouse model. The fasciculus retroflexus showed a variable defasciculation phenotype. Gain of function experiments allowed us to generate a more condensed tract and rescued the Amigo2 knock‐out phenotype. Changes in Amigo2 function did not alter the course of habenular fibers.ConclusionWe have demonstrated that Amigo2 plays a subtle role in the fasciculation of the fasciculus retroflexus.
Efficient Preparation of 2‐SAc‐Glycosyl Donors and Investigation of Their Application in the Synthesis of 2‐Deoxyglycosides
Authors: Luo Tao , Zhang Qiang , Guo Yang‐Fan , Pei Zhi‐Chao , Dong Hai 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this study, we have developed efficient strategies for the synthesis of glycosyl donors with 2‐thioacetyl (SAc) groups in order to synthesize 2‐deoxysugars with exclusive α/β‐configuration. Starting from free methyl glycosides, four methyl 2‐SAc glycosides were synthesized with high efficiency mainly through the double serial inversion strategy, and further turned into four corresponding 1‐OAc, 2‐SAc α‐glycosyl donors (manno‐, gluco‐, galacto‐ and talo‐types) and four corresponding 1‐STol, 2‐SAc 1,2‐cis‐glycosyl donors (manno‐, gluco‐, galacto‐ and talo‐types). Glycosylation of the 1‐OAc, 2‐SAc donors and further 2‐deoxysugar synthesis have also been investigated in this study.
Electrochemical Synthesis of Azaborininones under Metal‐Catalyst‐Free Mild Conditions
Authors: Zeng Dongwen , Zhang Lizhu , Wang Wei , Li Ganpeng , Zhao Xiao‐Jing , He Yonghui 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA novel electrochemical synthesis of azaborininones was developed using 2‐aminobenzamides and boronic acids under mild conditions. The advantage of this reaction system is that it avoided using metal catalysts and high‐temperature. Various 1,3,2‐benzodiazaborininones were obtained in moderate to excellent yields.
A Simple Method for Melatonin Determination in the Presence of High Levels of Tryptophan using an Unmodified Carbon Paste Electrode and Square Wave Anodic Stripping Voltammetry
Authors: Amjadi Somayeh , Akhoundian Maedeh , Alizadeh Taher 
Published: June 2022

AbstractElectrochemical determination of melatonin in the presence of tryptophan is a challenge because of the coincidence of voltammetric signals of these compounds when executing a voltammetric technique. The new method for selective determination of melatonin based on the square wave anodic stripping voltammetry determination of an electroactive product of melatonin was suggested here. This product is produced by previously applied positive pre‐potential to a carbon paste electrode, immersed in the test solution. By this means, the electrochemical signal of melatonin was separated effectively from that of tryptophan, making it possible to determine melatonin in the presence of a high concentration of tryptophan. The effect of important parameters on electrode performance was studied and optimized. The optimum response was obtained at pH=2 and utilizing the pre‐potential magnitude of +0.8 V, applied for 10 s. A linear relationship was found between peak current intensity and melatonin concentrations over the range of 5.00×10−7 to 8.00×10−5 mol L−1. A detection limit of 8.30×10−8 mol L−1 was calculated for the method (S/N=3). The selectivity of the method was considerably high, because of the independence of melatonin signal to the presence of higher amounts of some potentially interfering agents such as ascorbic acid, tryptophane glucose, etc. As an analytical application, the proposed sensor was used for the determination of melatonin in pharmaceutical and food samples.
Applying a unified process kinetic equation to advanced materials process analysis: Characterization of the kinetics of isothermal microwave‐assisted chemical syntheses
Authors: Wong Boon 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRate‐enhancement of any isothermal, isobaric chemical synthesis conducted under resonant microwave (RM) irradiation versus the same process activated by conventional field‐free heating has been attributed to a reduction in activation enthalpy of the process. This report applies a unified process kinetic equation (UPKE) to demonstrate and characterize non‐thermal microwave effects (NTME) on kinetics‐enhancements observed in isothermal microwave‐assisted chemical syntheses (IMACS). The UPKE, derived from a mesoscopic irreversible thermodynamic model, pinpoints that the rate of any high‐affinity chemical reaction is effectively independent of the affinity of the process as described by the mass‐action rate law. Energetically, activation enthalpy reduction observed in IMACS is considered the major NTME, which causes dominant process‐rate enhancements. This NTME results from RM‐induced enthalpy variation during the reaction: RM energy‐input first promotes the molar enthalpy of the irradiated reactant(s) at temperature, which consequently motivates an activation enthalpy reduction for rate‐enhancement. Conversely, frequency coefficient lowering is another common NTME occurring in IMACS, causing an adverse yet compensable setback to process‐kinetics as predicted by the UPKE. Applicability of the UPKE‐proposed rationale and methodology for IMACS kinetic characterization is fully confirmed by relevant data in the literature.
Assessing DEM quality and minimizing registration error in repeated geomorphic surveys with multi‐temporal ground truths of invariant features: Application to a long‐term dataset of beach topography and nearshore bathymetry
Authors: Bertin Stéphane , Jaud Marion , Delacourt Christophe 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRemotely sensed digital elevation models (DEMs) and uncertainty‐based geomorphic change detection have become very practical tools for geoscientists, including for coastal research. Through the analysis of DEMs of differences (DoDs) and the provision of DEM quality, it allows monitoring complex landforms and confidently relating the changes observed to environmental forcing conditions.With continuing remote sensing advances, and as some monitoring programmes are reaching several decades of repeated data collection, it is timely to consider approaches that enable the reconciliation of DEMs of variable and potentially unknown quality before their subsequent geomorphic analyses. In this paper, we present an original workflow whereby composite data formed by fusing available measurements over invariant features serve as multi‐temporal ground truths for assessing repeated DEMs. Results of the evaluation enable identification of DEMs of lower quality (bias and precision) and correction of registration error (horizontal and vertical bias), and thus offer the in‐built capacity for estimating and improving change detection levels afforded by the data.The workflow was applied to a freely accessible multi‐sensor: RTK‐GNSS, terrestrial laser‐scanning, drone photogrammetry and multibeam echo‐sounding dataset of high‐resolution topographic and nearshore bathymetric DEMs collected at the macrotidal pocket beach of Porsmilin (France) over the period 2003–2019. Our results show that consistently high DEM precision can be achieved in a long‐term multi‐sensor dataset, but registration errors may be present and can be minimized through co‐registration with the purpose‐built ground truths. Although the study focuses primarily on measuring height discrepancies, which is directly relevant for DoD analysis, we show that the methods can also be used for dealing with horizontal error when high‐resolution imagery is available. Finally, the detailed DEM evaluations presented, in application to a rare dataset documenting beach and shoreface change for nearly two decades, provide original insights on the performance of usual topo‐bathymetric surveying techniques.
Analyzing the role of resilience and life satisfaction as mediators of the impact of COVID‐19 worries on mental health
Authors: Tamarit Alicia , De la Barrera Usue , Schoeps Konstanze , Castro‐Calvo Jesús , Montoya‐Castilla Inmaculada 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study was to test whether resilience and life satisfaction (two traditional protective factors) mediate between COVID‐19 related worries and the development of symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress in adolescents and young adults. Participants involved 392 adolescents and young adults (70.20% female) aged between 12 and 25 years (M = 17.05 years, SD = 3.08). Participants completed the COVID‐19 related worries scale, the CD‐RISC to analyse resilience, the Satisfaction with Life Scale, and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales‐21 to study emotional symptoms. Descriptive analyses and Pearson correlations were conducted, together with a structural equation modeling testing a mediational model and multigroup invariance. Results show that resilience and life satisfaction play a mediating role in the relation between the COVID‐19 related worries and emotional symptoms (depression, anxiety, and stress). This study highlights the role of protective factors on adolescents' and young adults' emotional symptoms during the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Characteristics of chronic intestinal failure in the USA based on analysis of claims data
Authors: Mundi Manpreet S. , Mercer David F. , Iyer Kishore , Pfeffer Daniel , Zimmermann Lis B. , Berner‐Hansen Mark , Bishop Joan , Seidner Douglas L. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis study investigated the prevalence, characteristics, and management of patients with chronic intestinal failure (CIF) in the United States in 2012–2020, based on parenteral support (PS) prescription claims and healthcare utilization.MethodsPatients with CIF were identified from the Integrated DataVerse® claims database if they had at least two PS prescriptions within 6 months and a relevant diagnosis. Analysis included prevalence and characteristics of patients with CIF, their travel distance to receive PS prescriptions, and the distribution of PS providers and their prescribing history.ResultsUp to 24,048 patients with CIF were identified, equivalent to 75 patients per million. CIF affected people of all ages, being more prevalent in women than in men. Many providers signed PS orders for small patient groups over short time periods, whereas few providers signed PS orders for large patient groups long term, indicating a lack of centralization. The distribution of PS providers suggested a disparity in healthcare coverage in rural vs urban areas, leading to patients traveling considerable distances to receive PS prescriptions. This may be exacerbated by a decline of providers with expertise in CIF and nutrition.ConclusionsHealthcare disparities for patients with CIF have likely been obscured by the lack of CIF‐specific diagnostic and procedure codes, obliging providers to code for their patients under other codes. Effective policy changes, including centralized care, revision of reimbursement models, and expansion of nutrition‐focused education in addition to the newly introduced International Classification of Diseases codes, are needed to provide the best care for patients.
Nutritional and textural properties and antioxidant activity of breads prepared from immature, mature, germinated, fermented and black chickpea flours
Authors: Yaver Elif 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDChickpea is a rich source of proteins with well‐balanced amino acids, dietary fibers, vitamins, minerals and phytochemicals. In the present study, immature, mature, germinated, fermented and black chickpea flours at a 20% ratio were used in breadmaking to reduce the glycemic index and enhance nutritive value. The effects of chickpea flours on the physical, chemical and textural characteristics, as well as the antioxidant properties and in vitro glycemic index of bread were compared.RESULTSCompared to the control (100% wheat bread), the inclusion of chickpea flours at a 20% ratio generally showed greater ash, fat and protein contents in bread. The use of immature, germinated and fermented chickpea flours in bread elicited a lower phytic acid concentration than that of bread containing mature and black chickpea flours. On the other hand, the inclusion of immature and germinated chickpea flours presented the highest total phenolic content in bread. Moreover, in vitro glycemic index values of loaves made with chickpea flours were markedly lower (at least 11%) compared to the control. The specific volume values of bread samples formulated with chickpea flours (except for fermented chickpea flour) were similar (P > 0.05) to each other. Bread samples containing immature and germinated chickpea flours exhibited lower hardness and chewiness than those of other samples containing chickpea flours.CONCLUSIONThe findings showed that immature, germinated and black chickpea flours are a good alternative to mature chickpea flour with respect to producing healthy bread. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Emissions of biological soil crust particulate matter and its proportion in total wind erosion
Authors: Wang Yusong , Wang Dandan , Yu Xinxiao , Jia Guodong , Chang Xiaomin , Sun Lele , Zheng Pengfei , Qiu Yunxiao 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAreas subjected to frequent winds show severe farmland degradation and air pollution caused by wind erosion and particulate matter emissions. Biological soil crust (BCS) coverage can inhibit wind erosion. This study used wind tunnels to analyze the wind erosion and particulate matter emissions of algae crusts and moss crusts for different wind speeds and coverage conditions, providing the proportion of particulate matter emission of the total wind erosion under different conditions. Wind erosion of algae crusts was 33% higher than that of moss crusts, and the average emissions of total suspended particles (TSP), PM10, PM2.5, and PM1 were 51%, 64%, 149%, and 167% higher than those of moss crusts. The wind erosion process pairs of the two biological soil crusts both had strong responses to wind speed and coverage, and particulate matter emissions were particularly sensitive to coverage. The average aerodynamic roughness length of moss crusts was 164% higher than that of algae crusts; with increasing wind speed, the aerodynamic roughness length of algae crusts decreased 60% faster than that of moss crusts. The proportion of particulate matter emissions from biological soil crusts in wind erosion was inversely proportional to wind speed and coverage. The particle emission capacity of moss crusts was directly proportional to the particle size and inversely proportional to the coverage. In contrast, the particle emission capacity of algae crust particles was proportional to the particle size. This study provides information for the management of farmland wind erosion and particulate matter emission.
Phytoplankton size distributions in the western North Atlantic and their seasonal variability
Authors: Haëntjens Nils , Boss Emmanuel S. , Graff Jason R. , Chase Alison P. , Karp‐Boss Lee 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPhytoplankton play a major role on Earth, impacting the global distribution and cycles of carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and other elements, and structuring marine food webs. One fundamental trait of phytoplankton with direct biogeochemical implications is their size, as it governs metabolic and sinking rates as well as prey–predator interactions. Phytoplankton size spans approximately 3.5 orders of magnitude (when expressed as an equivalent spherical diameter), and thus measuring the full range in size distribution of phytoplankton is challenging and rarely attempted. Here, we constructed phytoplankton size spectra by merging state‐of‐the‐art cytometry and imaging cytometry measurements that were collected in the western North Atlantic Ocean, along a latitudinal gradient (36°N to 55°N) and during different phases of the annual cycle of phytoplankton. The derived spectra show a seasonal pattern that parallels changes in phytoplankton biomass, and do not always follow a commonly assumed power‐law model. Shifts in size spectra were more pronounced in the sub‐Arctic and temperate subregions, compared to the subtropical region of the study area. We evaluated the relationships between different size groups and environmental parameters to derive ecologically meaningful size groups. Finally, to simulate Ocean Color remote‐sensing algorithms of phytoplankton size, we compared temporal variations in descriptors of the size spectra (median particle size, phytoplankton size distribution exponent) with optical size proxies derived from light absorption and attenuation; good agreement was observed in the northern sections of the study area where temporal changes in community size structure were more pronounced.
Longitudinal nuclear spin relaxation of 129Xe in solution and in hollow fiber membranes at low and high magnetic field strengths
Authors: Bryden Nicholas , McHugh Christian T. , Kelley Michele , Branca Rosa T. 
Published: June 2022

PurposeTo measure dissolved‐phase 129Xe T1 values at high and low magnetic fields and the field dependence of 129Xe depolarization by hollow fiber membranes used to infuse hyperpolarized xenon in solution.MethodsDissolved‐phase T1 measurements were made at 11.7T and 2.1 mT by bubbling xenon in solution and by using a variable delay to allow spins to partially relax back to thermal equilibrium before probing their magnetization. At high field, relaxation values were compared to those obtained by using the small flip angle method. For depolarization studies, we probed the magnetization of the polarized gas diffusing through an exchange membrane module placed at different field strengths.ResultsTotal loss of polarization was observed for xenon diffusing through hollow fiber membranes at low field, while significant polarization loss (>20%) was observed at magnetic fields up to 2T. Dissolved‐phase 129Xe T1 values were found consistently shorter at 2.1 mT compared to 11.7T. In addition, both O2 and Xe gas concentrations in solution were found to significantly affect dissolved‐phase 129Xe T1 values.ConclusionDissolved‐phase 129Xe measurements are feasible at low field, but to assess the feasibility of in vivo dissolved‐phase imaging and spectroscopy the T1 of xenon in blood will need to be measured. Both O2 and Xe concentrations in solution are found to greatly affect dissolved‐phase 129Xe T1 values and may explain, along with RF miscalibration, the large discrepancy in previously reported results.
Clinical and electrophysiological findings in C9ORF72 ALS
Authors: Sista Sri Raghav S. , Shelly Shahar , Oskarsson Björn , Rubin Devon I. , Martinez‐Thompson Jennifer M. , Parra‐Cantu Carolina , Staff Nathan P. , Laughlin Ruple S. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroduction/AimsAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive, fatal, neurodegenerative disorder of motor neurons in which the cause is mostly unknown. Early identification of genetic ALS cases, of which C9ORF72 (C9ALS) is the most frequent, can have important implications for evaluation, prognosis, and therapeutics. Here, we aimed to characterize the clinical and electrophysiological hallmarks of C9ALS and investigate differences from C9ORF72 negative ALS (non‐C9ALS).MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed clinical and electrodiagnostic (EDX) data for all genetically confirmed C9ALS cases seen between 1/1/2012 and 10/1/2020 who met Gold Coast criteria and compared them 1:1 with non‐C9ALS patients within the same time frame.ResultsA total of 99 C9ALS and 99 non‐C9ALS cases were identified. Compared to non‐C9ALS, C9ALS demonstrated higher prevalence in women, lesser racial variability, stronger family history of ALS, and higher frequency of upper motor neuron signs. EDX testing of C9ALS showed higher median sensory nerve and lower fibular compound muscle action potential amplitudes.DiscussionAlthough the differences between C9ALS and non‐C9ALS reached statistical significance in certain nerve conduction parameters, they were not sufficient to discriminate between groups on a case‐by‐case basis. Genetic testing is required to identify C9ALS patients.