bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Least Nodal Disease Burden Defines the Minimum Number of Nodes Retrieved for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Hanlu , Yan Xiuji , Yang Yu-Shang , Yang Hong , Yuan Yong , Tian Dong , Li Yin , Wu Zhi-Yong , Wang Yun , Fu Jian-Hua , Chen Long-Qi 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundClinically, a single positive lymph node (SPLN) should indicate the least nodal disease burden in node-positive patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and may also be used to define the minimum number of examined lymph nodes (NELNs) in ESCC patients.MethodsData from three Chinese cohorts of 2448 ESCC patients who underwent esophagectomy between 2008 and 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. Based on lymph node status, patients were divided into two groups: N0 ESCC and SPLN ESCC. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to determine the minimum NELNs retrieved to maximize survival for ESCC patients with localized lymph node involvement. The results were then validated externally in the SEER database.ResultsA total of 1866 patients were pathologically diagnosed with N0 ESCC, and 582 patients were diagnosed with SPLN ESCC. The overall survival rate of patients with N0 ESCC was significantly better than that of patients with SPLN ESCC (HR 1.88, 95% CI 1.64-2.13, P&lt;0.001), but no significant difference was found between SPLN ESCC patients with ≥ 20 lymph nodes harvested and N0 ESCC patients (HR 1.20, 95% CI 0.95-1.52, P=0.13). Analysis of patients selected from the SEER database showed the same trend, and no significant difference was observed between N0 ESCC patients and SPLN ESCC patients with ≥ 20 lymph nodes retrieved (HR: 1.02, 95% CI 0.72-1.43, P=0.92).ConclusionsA minimum of 20 lymph nodes retrieved should be introduced as a quality indicator for ESCC patients with localized lymph node involvement.
Empirical Relative Biological Effectiveness (RBE) for Mandible Osteoradionecrosis (ORN) in Head and Neck Cancer Patients Treated With Pencil-Beam-Scanning Proton Therapy (PBSPT): A Retrospective, Case-Matched Cohort Study
Authors: Yang Yunze , Muller Olivia M. , Shiraishi Satomi , Harper Matthew , Amundson Adam C. , Wong William W. , McGee Lisa A. , Rwigema Jean-Claude M. , Schild Steven E. , Bues Martin , Fatyga Mirek , Anderson Justin D. , Patel Samir H. , Foote Robert L. , Liu Wei 
Published: March 2022

PurposeTo retrospectively investigate empirical relative biological effectiveness (RBE) for mandible osteoradionecrosis (ORN) in head and neck (H&amp;N) cancer patients treated with pencil-beam-scanning proton therapy (PBSPT).MethodsWe included 1,266 H&amp;N cancer patients, of which, 931 patients were treated with volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) and 335 were treated with PBSPT. Among them, 26 VMAT and 9 PBSPT patients experienced mandible ORN (ORN group), while all others were included in the control group. To minimize the impact of the possible imbalance in clinical factors between VMAT and PBSPT patients in the dosimetric comparison between these two modalities and the resulting RBE quantification, we formed a 1:1 case-matched patient cohort (335 VMAT patients and 335 PBSPT patients including both the ORN and control groups) using the greedy nearest neighbor matching of propensity scores. Mandible dosimetric metrics were extracted from the case-matched patient cohort and statistically tested to evaluate the association with mandibular ORN to derive dose volume constraints (DVCs) for VMAT and PBSPT, respectively. We sought the equivalent constraint doses for VMAT so that the critical volumes of VMAT were equal to those of PBSPT at different physical doses. Empirical RBEs of PBSPT for ORN were obtained by calculating the ratio between the derived equivalent constraint doses and physical doses of PBSPT. Bootstrapping was further used to get the confidence intervals.ResultsClinical variables of age, gender, tumor stage, prescription dose, chemotherapy, hypertension or diabetes, dental extraction, smoking history, or current smoker were not statistically related to the incidence of ORN in the overall patient cohort. Smoking history was found to be significantly associated with the ORN incidence in PBSPT patients only. V40Gy[RBE], V50Gy[RBE], and V60Gy[RBE] were statistically different (p&lt;0.05) between the ORN and control group for VMAT and PBSPT. Empirical RBEs of 1.58(95%CI: 1.34-1.64), 1.34(95%CI: 1.23-1.40), and 1.24(95%: 1.15-1.26) were obtained for proton dose at 40 Gy[RBE=1.1], 50 Gy[RBE=1.1] and 60 Gy[RBE=1.1], respectively.ConclusionsOur study suggested that RBEs were larger than 1.1 at moderate doses (between 40 and 60 Gy[RBE=1.1]) with high LET for mandible ORN. RBEs are underestimated in current clinical practice in PBSPT. The derived DVCs can be used for PBSPT plan evaluation and optimization to minimize the incidence rate of mandible ORN.
Infinite-Layer Nickelate Superconductors: A Current Experimental Perspective of the Crystal and Electronic Structures
Authors: Chow L. E. , Ariando A. 
Published: March 2022

After the reward of more than 2 decades of pursuit on the high-Tc cuprate analog with the hope to obtain a better understanding of the mechanism of high-Tc superconductivity, the discovery of superconductivity in the infinite-layer nickelate brings more mystery to the picture than expected. Tops in the list of questions are perhaps 1) absence of superconductivity in the bulk nickelate and limited thickness of the infinite-layer phase in thin film, 2) absence of superconductivity in the La-nickelate despite it being the earliest studied rare-earth nickelate, and the role of 4 f orbital in the recipe of superconductivity, 3) absence of Meissner effect and suspect of the origin of superconductivity from the interface, 4) whether nickelate hosts similar pairing symmetry to the single-band high-Tc cuprates or multiband iron-based superconductor. In this perspective article, we will discuss the following aspects: 1) stabilization of the infinite-layer phase on the SrTiO3(001) substrate and the thickness dependency of observables; 2) rare-earth dependence of the superconducting dome and phase diagram of the (La/Pr/Nd)- infinite-layer nickelate thin film; 3) experimental aspects of the measurement of Meissner effect; 4) theoretical framework and experimental study of the pairing symmetry of infinite-layer nickelate superconductor.
Skeletal Muscle Metastasis From Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Case Series and Literature Review
Authors: Sun Juan , Zhang Zimu , Xiao Yu , Li Hanzhong , Ji Zhigang , Lian Penghu , Zhang Xuebin 
Published: March 2022

ObjectivesSkeletal muscle metastasis (SMM) from renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has been rarely reported. This case series was performed to increase the clinicians' understanding of its clinical features and treatments.MethodsWe evaluated the clinical presentations, diagnoses, and treatments of 2 patients with SMM from RCC in our hospital and 39 cases reported in the literature.ResultsAmong the 41 patients, 4 (9.76%) were women and 37 (90.24%) were all men. The average age was 60.5 ± 12.6 years old (range from 7 to 81). The size of tumors varied from 1 to 28 cm, and the metastatic sites of 6 (14.63%) cases were in the heads, 20 (48.78%) in the limbs, 9 (21.95%) in the trunks, 3 (7.32%) in the buttock, and the other 3 (7.32%) were multiple sites. The mean of intervals between the RCC and the discovery of the first SMM was 73.61 months. More than half of the patients (25, 60.98%) were diagnosed by MRI and 25 (60.98%) patients performed a biopsy of the mass to establish the diagnosis. Finally, 30 (73.17%) cases performed mass excision. Then the adjuvant therapy was performed in 18 patients including immunotherapy, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy. The median follow-up after SMM was 9 months (P25, P75: 5, 23), in which the longest survival time of patients with SMM of RCC was 8 years while the shortest was only 3 months.ConclusionThe characteristic clinical feature of SMM from RCC is asymptomatic masses or swelling with a long history which can be preoperative suspiciously diagnosed by MRI. The rapid biopsy of suspected lesions, determination of other metastasis sites, resection of metastasis, and systematic treatment are the recommended treatments of it.
Synthesis of Novel Tritopic Hydrazone Ligands: Spectroscopy, Biological Activity, DFT, and Molecular Docking Studies
Authors: Rupa Sharmin Akther , Moni Md. Rassel , Patwary Md. Abdul Majed , Mahmud Md. Mayez , Haque Md. Aminul , Uddin Jamal , Abedin S. M. Tareque 
Published: March 2022

Polytopic organic ligands with hydrazone moiety are at the forefront of new drug research among many others due to their unique and versatile functionality and ease of strategic ligand design. Quantum chemical calculations of these polyfunctional ligands can be carried out in silico to determine the thermodynamic parameters. In this study two new tritopic dihydrazide ligands, N’2, N’6-bis[(1E)-1-(thiophen-2-yl) ethylidene] pyridine-2,6-dicarbohydrazide (L1) and N’2, N’6-bis[(1E)-1-(1H-pyrrol-2-yl) ethylidene] pyridine-2,6-dicarbohydrazide (L2) were successfully prepared by the condensation reaction of pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic hydrazide with 2-acetylthiophene and 2-acetylpyrrole. The FT-IR, 1H, and 13C NMR, as well as mass spectra of both L1 and L2, were recorded and analyzed. Quantum chemical calculations were performed at the DFT/B3LYP/cc-pvdz/6-311G+(d,p) level of theory to study the molecular geometry, vibrational frequencies, and thermodynamic properties including changes of ∆H, ∆S, and ∆G for both the ligands. The optimized vibrational frequency and (1H and 13C) NMR obtained by B3LYP/cc-pvdz/6-311G+(d,p) showed good agreement with experimental FT-IR and NMR data. Frontier molecular orbital (FMO) calculations were also conducted to find the HOMO, LUMO, and HOMO–LUMO gaps of the two synthesized compounds. To investigate the biological activities of the ligands, L1 and L2 were tested using in vitro bioassays against some Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and fungus strains. In addition, molecular docking was used to study the molecular behavior of L1 and L2 against tyrosinase from Bacillus megaterium. The outcomes revealed that both L1 and L2 can suppress microbial growth of bacteria and fungi with variable potency. The antibacterial activity results demonstrated the compound L2 to be potentially effective against Bacillus megaterium with inhibition zones of 12 mm while the molecular docking study showed the binding energies for L1 and L2 to be −7.7 and −8.8 kcal mol−1, respectively, with tyrosinase from Bacillus megaterium.
En agriculture, s'endetter... ?
Authors: Aubert Didier , Bompard Jean-Pierre , Desbrosses Bernard , Léon Yves , Postel-Vinay Gilles , Rio Patrick 
Published: March 2022

Surveys in several French departements aim at evctluating the effects of farm credit policies. For each farm in the sample, data from statistical surveys, the so-called structural surveys of the ministry of Agriculture, were paired with data on loans granted by the Credit Agricole Banks.
For the 1970 to 1979 period, distribution of loans to farms appears in clear agreement with the objectives of agricultural policy, particularly through the strenghtening of a shrinking group of high productive farms. This does not preclude the existence, in certain regions and types of farm, of cases where loans had no apparent effects on farm production. The generai income crisis reveals that certain groups of farms face an uncertain future and, in many cases, the main use of loans is to fill the gaps in inadequate monetary incomes.
In the long term, increases in farm production took place under conditions of permanent inequalities in credit distribution. Some well sized farms now experience serious monetary difficultes. It is however small farms, with little or no debts, which silently continue to disappear in large numbers.
Pratiques traditionnelles et rationalité économique, l'exemple de l'affouage
Authors: Fortier Agnès 
Published: March 2022

Traditional practices and economical rationality : the case of wood-logging.
When free wood-logging was most likely to be at its end, new economical and social trends brought this old user law into vogue. If money has been probably acting as the main motive for this comeback, formulation given by the loggers emphasizes the traditional nature of a practice which has to bear up against some critics. Beside money-making, free wood-logging is conveying into modem society some values which hardly express themselves in the rational field of occupational work ; there in lies the difficulty to give a statement on a practice denying the antithesis between work and leisure.
Impact des pratiques et des politiques agricoles sur l'environnement
Authors: Mahé Louis-Pascal , Rainelli Pierre 
Published: March 2022

Les pratiques agricoles font maintenant subir à l'environnement des dommages importants. Non seulement la capacité productive à long terme est menacée mais des risques sérieux pour la santé humaine sont aussi créés par la pollution liée aux consommations intermédiaires comme les nitrates. Le développement agricole de ces dernières décennies a aussi des conséquences plus ou moins réversibles sur le milieu naturel. La banalisation du paysage et de la flore et la disparition de certaines espèces sont là pour en témoigner.
Un cadre analytique est proposé pour mettre en évidence les facteurs économiques de la pollution agricole en soulignant le rôle de l'intensification. Celle-ci a été stimulée par la croissance économique en général qui aboutit à aggraver le décalage entre l'optimum collectif et les pratiques observées. Le rôle du soutien des prix agricoles dans le processus d'intensification est souligné, en montrant comment le prix de la terre a joué le rôle de levier. Il est suggéré en conclusion que ni l'abandon du soutien des prix ni des taxes sur les inputs ne peuvent à eux seuls résoudre le problème de la pollution agricole. Ils peuvent cependant y contribuer.
Rente et profit en matière d'exploitation des ressources halieutiques
Authors: Boude Jean-Pierre , Morisset Michel , Revéret Jean-Pierre 
Published: March 2022

Rent and profit in matter of halieutic resources management.
In regard to matter of management of living aquatic resources most theoretical writings relating to fishing economics refer to the notion of rent for calling monetary surplus brought out by the production activities. This paper attends to define the notion of rent and of profit in matter of halieutic resources management by the light of attainments of the different schools of thaught. This allows to give a better answer to the questions asked from the economists in matter of management of renewable resources.
Un modèle d'offre régional de sous-produits agricoles
Authors: Réquillart Vincent 
Published: March 2022

A model of regional by-products supply.
From a technological point of view, prospects of industrial valorisations of ligno-cellulosic products are important. In this paper we first present specificities of supply of by-products. The market appears to be an oligopoly which implies a price higher than the marginal cost. We also show the dilemna farmers are facing, namely : to sell by-products in order to increase the income in a short term with the risk of a decline of future incomes, due to a loss offertility, or to incorporate by-products. A simple theoretical model presents this dilemna. The application of this model is difficult because of a lack of data.
In a second part, we present a model of regional supply of by-products , allowing an analysis supply of industrial plants. The model allows to take into account some keys factors, namely supply caracteristics including risk, constraints of soil fertility maintenance, problems of harvesting transportation and storage of products. An example of utilisation of this model is presented.
L'effet d'irréversibilité en économie de l'environnement
Authors: Amigues Jean-Pierre 
Published: March 2022

The irreversibility effect in environment economy.
Decisions of developing natural zones often involve dramatic alterations of the environment. When the development is irreversible and its expected benefits uncertain, it may be profitable to postpone the décision in order to make use of further information opportunities. In this case, conservation of the environment exhibits a specific positive value, the so-called "quasi option value" even if risk neutrality of the décision maker is assumed.
La planification agricole sous Gorbatchev. La nouvelle logique de rationalisation et décentralisation économiques en action
Authors: Pouliquen Alain 
Published: March 2022

La réforme impulsée par M. Gorbatchev a modifié, en mars 1986, la méthode de planification des livraisons agricoles à l'Etat. Pour chaque exploitation ou district et région, on évalue des indicateurs : potentiel productif et rendement normatif.
Les autorités cherchent à corriger ainsi la distribution inégalitaire des ressources résultant de la pratique antérieure de "planification du niveau atteint".
Cette rationalisation implique des relations hiérarchiques dans l'administration territoriale. La décentralisation devrait être facilitée par le dépassement des normes de livraison, sous l'effet de stimulants économiques renforcés et diversifiés. Cette réforme vise aussi à instaurer un modèle dual où "impôt en nature" et régulation marchande seraient bien séparés.
Les dirigeants des exploitations ou districts qui se trouvaient privilégiés par l'ancienne méthode chercheront à mettre la réforme en échec, à travers ses failles. Son succès dépend donc de la capacité du pouvoir à créer une dynamique sociale favorable à la méthode de "planification normative". L'enjeu de la réforme agricole est crucial : le pouvoir imposera-t-il cette restructuration radicale ("perestroïka") de l'ordre social, tout en préservant l'essentiel du système de l'économie administrée, une des bases de cet ordre ?
Villes et campagnes en Chine
Authors: Aubert Claude 
Published: March 2022

Les réformes de l'agriculture chinoise, et particulièrement la décollectivisation achevée au début des années 80, ont amorcé une nouvelle vague de migrations paysannes vers les cités et les petites villes. À la situation antérieure, caractérisée par la stagnation du mouvement d'urbanisation, l'involution du développement agricole et l'aggravation du sous-emploi en agriculture, a succédé un progrès authentique en ce qui concerne la croissance des villes nouvelles (spécialement celles de petite taille), l'amélioration de la productivité agricole et la création de nombreux emplois non-agricoles dans les campagnes.
Toutefois, de grosses incertitudes planent sur cette nouvelle situation. Il n'est pas certain que le formidable essor des entreprises rurales non-agricoles de ces cinq dernières années se poursuive encore longtemps. Par conséquent, des migrations massives vers les grandes cités seront quasi inévitables si ultérieurement les contrôles des mouvements de population sont assouplis. Le modèle même du "mode de développement à la chinoise" est également mis en question maintenant que le dynamisme des entreprises familiales de type capitaliste rivalise dans les campagnes avec T'économie socialiste" des entreprises collectives.
Les producteurs allemands face à la restriction de l'offre
Authors: Zeddies J. , Heim B. 
Published: March 2022

Les producteurs allemands face à la restriction de l'offre. La CEE a imposé au secteur laitier allemand une réduction sensible de ses livraisons, mais la réglementation nationale a permis d'en modérer l'impact. L'article décrit la façon dont les producteurs ont adapté leur système de production aux nouvelles contraintes. Il évalue les différentes solutions possibles : la diminution des achats d'aliments et du nombre de vaches a été le moyen le plus accessible de respecter la réglementation.
Les primes aux abandons de production n'ont pas eu un effet considérable à cause des réticences des producteurs. Mais la RFA a mis en place, dès le début, un système de location des quotas lié au sol : louer des quotas supplémentaires est encore un moyen de croissance, et la meilleure alternative pour les exploitations laitières efficaces.
Les autres alternatives, notamment en productions bovines, sont peu rentables. Et pourtant, la production laitière allemande s'est vu imposer de nouvelles réductions de livraison en 1987. Les auteurs donnent les résultats d'un modèle qui montre que des ajustements rationnels au niveau de l'exploitation passent par la poursuite de la croissance de la productivité et des rendements, une plus grande attention portée à la composition du lait et une gestion soigneuse de l'alimentation et de son coût.
Spécialisation régionale et efficacité de l'agriculture
Authors: Bonnieux François 
Published: March 2022

Cet article présente une synthèse d'un ensemble de travaux sur les disparités régionales. Il est tout d'abord l'occasion de présenter une typologie départementale en sept orientations de production : céréales - grandes cultures, légumes-fruits-horticulture, vin, polyculture, hors-sol, bovin-viande, lait. Elle permet une représentation simplifiée de la géographie agricole française au début des années quatre-vingt.
La typologie est un instrument pertinent pour expliquer le niveau de production de l'agriculture. Elle est en effet prise en compte explicitement par le biais de variables indicatrices, dans une fonction de production à quatre facteurs : consommations intermédiaires, capital, terre, travail. L'estimation d'une forme de type translog à partir d'une coupe départementale centrée sur 1980, montre la forte substituabilité des facteurs de production, sauf la terre et le capital qui sont complémentaires. La détermination des demandes dérivées de facteurs permet de mettre l'accent sur l'élasticité par rapport à leur prix, ainsi que sur l'élasticité de la demande de facteurs primaires par rapport au prix des consommations intermédiaires.
La dernière partie est centrée sur la liaison entre orientation de production et efficacité. Elle s'appuie sur une interprétation des variables indicatrices du modèle en termes de productivité totale des facteurs. Les classes de la typologie peuvent, toutes choses égales par ailleurs, être classées par efficacité croissante, des orientations lait et viande bovine à l'orientation céréales-grandes cultures. L'introduction du niveau d'éducation des agriculteurs permet enfin d'expliquer partiellement cette hiérarchie des systèmes départementaux.