bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Practical Blockchain-Based Steganographic Communication Via Adversarial AI: A Case Study In Bitcoin
Authors: Wang Minxian , Zhang Zijian , He Jialing , Gao Feng , Li Meng , Xu Shubin , Zhu Liehuang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
With the development of 5G, the wireless Internet of Things (IoT) has become possible; how to provide privacy protections for the communication of IoT devices in a more vulnerable wireless transmission environment is a huge challenge. Thus, steganography is introduced as a safe and effective technology. Blockchain systems have been widely used in the area of steganography. Several works attempted to embed covert data into transactions in public blockchain systems such as Bitcoin, Ethereum and Monero. However, most of them merely focus on putting covert data into certain fields in transactions based on cryptographic algorithms. In this paper, a Covert Transaction Recognition (CTR) model is proposed by the Text Convolutional Neural Networks and Back Propagation Neural Networks. When utilizing the covert data-embedded field for recognizing, our CTR model can attain 0.79 precision and 0.83 recall on average for seven covert transaction construction schemes. The precision and recall can increase by at most 43 and 47%, respectively, if other unembedded fields were additionally exploited for recognition. We further propose a Practical Covert Transaction Construction (PCTC) model. This model fixes the contents in the embedded fields of the constructed transactions, and generates the contents in other fields using Generative Adversarial Networks. Experimental results demonstrated that the precision and recall are greatly decreased when identifying the covert transactions generated by our PCTC model. The data underlying this article are available in ‘covert-transaction-model’, at https://github.com/1997mint/covert-transaction-model.
Mechanisms shared between cancer, heart failure, and targeted anti-cancer therapies
Authors: de Wit Sanne , Glen Claire , de Boer Rudolf A , Lang Ninian N 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHeart failure (HF) and cancer are the leading causes of death worldwide and accumulating evidence demonstrates that HF and cancer affect one another in a bidirectional way. Patients with HF are at increased risk for developing cancer, and HF is associated with accelerated tumour growth. The presence of malignancy may induce systemic metabolic, inflammatory, and microbial alterations resulting in impaired cardiac function. In addition to pathophysiologic mechanisms that are shared between cancer and HF, overlaps also exist between pathways required for normal cardiac physiology and for tumour growth. Therefore, these overlaps may also explain the increased risk for cardiotoxicity and HF as a result of targeted anti-cancer therapies. This review provides an overview of mechanisms involved in the bidirectional connection between HF and cancer, specifically focusing upon current ‘hot-topics’ in these shared mechanisms. It subsequently describes targeted anti-cancer therapies with cardiotoxic potential as a result of overlap between their anti-cancer targets and pathways required for normal cardiac function.
Mitochondrial calcium and reactive oxygen species in cardiovascular disease
Authors: Murphy Elizabeth , Liu Julia C 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Cardiomyocytes are one of the most mitochondria-rich cell types in the body, with ∼30–40% of the cell volume being composed of mitochondria. Mitochondria are well established as the primary site of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generation in a beating cardiomyocyte, generating up to 90% of its ATP. Mitochondria have many functions in the cell, which could contribute to susceptibility to and development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Mitochondria are key players in cell metabolism, ATP production, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and cell death. Mitochondrial calcium (Ca2+) plays a critical role in many of these pathways, and thus the dynamics of mitochondrial Ca2+ are important in regulating mitochondrial processes. Alterations in these varied and in many cases interrelated functions play an important role in CVD. This review will focus on the interrelationship of mitochondrial energetics, Ca2+, and ROS and their roles in CVD. Recent insights into the regulation and dysregulation of these pathways have led to some novel therapeutic approaches.
Development of a genome-wide marker design workflow for onions and its application in target amplicon sequencing-based genotyping
Authors: Sekine Daisuke , Oku Satoshi , Nunome Tsukasa , Hirakawa Hideki , Tsujimura Mai , Terachi Toru , Toyoda Atsushi , Shigyo Masayoshi , Sato Shusei , Tsukazaki Hikaru 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Onions are one of the most widely cultivated vegetables worldwide; however, the development and utilization of molecular markers have been limited because of the large genome of this plant. We present a genome-wide marker design workflow for onions and its application in a high-throughput genotyping method based on target amplicon sequencing. The efficiency of the method was evaluated by genotyping of F2 populations. In the marker design workflow, unigene and genomic sequence data sets were constructed, and polymorphisms between parental lines were detected through transcriptome sequence analysis. The positions of polymorphisms detected in the unigenes were mapped onto the genome sequence, and primer sets were designed. In total, 480 markers covering the whole genome were selected. By genotyping an F2 population, 329 polymorphic sites were obtained from the estimated positions or the flanking sequences. However, missing or sparse marker regions were observed in the resulting genetic linkage map. We modified the markers to cover these regions by genotyping the other F2 populations. The grouping and order of markers on the linkages were similar across the genetic maps. Our marker design workflow and target amplicon sequencing are useful for genome-wide genotyping of onions owing to their reliability, cost effectiveness, and flexibility.
Leaching from a 3D-printed aligner resin
Authors: Willi Andreas , Patcas Raphael , Zervou Sevasti-Kiriaki , Panayi Nearchos , Schätzle Marc , Eliades George , Hiskia Anastasia , Eliades Theodore 
Published: August 2022

Summary

Aim
To quantitatively assess the degree of conversion and the water-leaching targeted compound from 3D-printed aligners.

Materials and methods
3D-printed aligners were made of photopolymerized resin (Tera Harz TC85A). The molecular structure and degree of conversion of the set resin were investigated by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy (n = 5). The aligners (n = 10) were immersed in double distilled water for 1 week at 37°C and the eluents were analysed using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry methods (LC–ESI-MS/MS for urethane dimethacrylate [UDMA] and LC–APCI-MS/MS for bispenol-A [BPA]).

Results
The resin was composed of aliphatic vinyl ester-urethane monomers, with acrylate and/or methacrylate functionalization. The degree of conversion was estimated as to 83%. There was no detection of BPA in any of the assessed samples (0.25 µg/l). Quantifiable amounts of UDMA were detected in all the exposed samples, ranging from 29 to 96 µg/l.

Conclusions
Although efficiently polymerized and BPA free, the great variability in the amount of UDMA monomer leached from the examined samples may raise concerns on potential health hazards after repeated intraoral exposure, which is indicated for this class of materials.
Increasing prevalence of illicit drug use among employees at Swedish workplaces over a 25-year period
Authors: Feltmann Kristin , Villén Tomas , Beck Olof , Gripenberg Johanna 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Reports indicate that the proportion of adults using drugs of abuse has been increasing in recent years in Europe. Although there are various indicators of increased drug use in Sweden over time, few studies could demonstrate an increase in the proportion of adults using drugs. To investigate changes in drug use prevalence over time, drug testing at the workplace has been used for a 25-year period.

Methods
The urine samples of employees sent by occupational health services from all over Sweden during a 25-year period were analyzed. The analyzing capacity increased over time (from 3411 in 1994 to 60 315 samples analyzed in 2019), and the majority of the samples was analyzed for the following drugs: cannabis (tetrahydrocannabinol), amphetamine, opiates, cocaine, and benzodiazepines.

Results
There was an overall increase in the proportion of samples that tested positive for illicit drugs over a 25-year period. This increase seemed to take place step-wise, with phases of linear increases and plateaus that over time became shorter. About 1.3% of samples tested positive for drugs in 1994, whereas 5.6% tested positive in 2019. Since 2007, the rate of positive samples has increased for cannabis and decreased for benzodiazepines. Although the rate of samples tested positive for opiates had remained relatively stable over the last 20 years, this rate had increased for amphetamine and cocaine between 2013 and 2019.

Conclusion
The results indicate that the use of illicit drugs among employees at Swedish workplaces has increased during a 25-year period.
Estimation of aboveground carbon stock using Sentinel-2A data and Random Forest algorithm in scrub forests of the Salt Range, Pakistan
Authors: Bhatti Sobia , Ahmad Sajid Rashid , Asif Muhammad , Farooqi Iftikhar ul Hassan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Forest ecosystems play a vital role in the global carbon cycle as forests store ~283 Gt of carbon globally and hence help mitigate climate change. Carbon stock estimation is the key step for assessing the mitigation potential of a given forest. About 5–10 Gt CO2 equivalent emissions come from deforestation and forest degradation annually. Pakistan’s forest resources are currently deteriorating due to deforestation and degradation and resulting in sourcing carbon dioxide emissions. One forest type that has been examined little so far in this context is subtropical scrub forests. This research suggests a workflow to estimate the carbon stock from three carbon pools (aboveground, belowground and litter) in scrub forests of the Salt Range, Pakistan by incorporating remote sensing and geographic information system techniques. The study’s objectives include the estimation of biomass and carbon stocks by using field inventory data and allometric equations, quantifying CO2 sequestration by using the ‘IPCC 2006 Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories’ and finally map biomass and carbon by utilizing satellite imagery and statistical analysis. For prediction and mapping of biomass and carbon, field plots data along with vegetation indices and spectral bands of the Sentinel-2A satellite imagery were fed into a Random Forest (RF) algorithm in the cloud computing Google Earth Engine platform. Our results of ground data suggest that the examined scrub forests harbour 243 917 t of biomass, 114 989 t of carbon and 422 009 t of CO2 equivalent in the three carbon pools of the study area with a mean biomass density of 12.04 t ha−1 (±5.31) and mean carbon density of 5.72 t ha−1 (±2.46). The RF model showed good performance with reasonable R2 (0.53) and root mean square error (3.64 t ha−1) values and predicted average biomass at 13.93 t ha−1 (±4.35) and mean carbon density of 6.55 t ha−1 (±2.05). The total predicted and field-measured biomass has a plausible difference in values while the mean values have a minimal difference. The red-edge region and short-wave infrared (SWIR) region of the Sentinel-2A spectrum showed a strong relationship with aboveground biomass estimates from the field. We conclude that the combination of Sentinel-2A data coupled with ground data is a cost-effective and reliable tool to estimate various carbon pools in the scrub forests at a regional scale and may contribute to formulate policies to manage forests sustainably, enhance forest cover and conserve biodiversity.
Biotechnological production of sialylated solid lipid microparticles as inhibitors of influenza A virus infection
Authors: Richard Emeline , Traversier Aurélien , Julien Thomas , Rosa-Calatrava Manuel , Putaux Jean-Luc , Jeacomine Isabelle , Samain Eric 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Influenza viruses bind to their target through a multivalent interaction of their hemagglutinins (HAs) with sialosides at the host cell surface. To fight the virus, one therapeutic approach consists in developing sialylated multivalent structures that can saturate the virus HAs and prevent the binding to host cells. We describe herein the biotechnological production of sialylated solid lipid microparticles (SSLMs) in 3 steps: (i) a microbiological step leading to the large-scale production of sialylated maltodextrins by metabolic engineering of an Escherichia coli strain, (ii) a new in vitro glycosylation process using the amylomaltase MalQ, based on the transglycosylation of the terminal sialoside ligand of the sialylated maltodextrin onto a long-chain alkyl glucoside, and (iii) the formulation of the final SSLMs presenting a multivalent sialic acid. We also describe the morphology and structure of the SSLMs and demonstrate their very promising properties as influenza virus inhibitors using hemagglutination inhibition and microneutralization assays on the human A/H1N1 pdm09 virus.
Combatting malaria disease among gold miners: a qualitative research within the Malakit project
Authors: Parent André-Anne , Galindo Muriel Suzanne , Bergeron-Longpré Miguel , Lambert Yann , Douine Maylis 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Malaria is endemic in French Guiana, in particular, where illegal gold mining activities take place. Gold miners travel from Brazil to remote camps in the Guiana forest to carry out mining activities, exposing themselves to the presumed contamination area. This article presents the results of a qualitative case study of the Malakit project, an intervention where health facilitators offer appropriate training and distribution of self-diagnosis and self-treatment kits to manage an episode of malaria at resting sites on the French Guiana borders. The objectives were: (i) Determine the contextual elements influencing the use of Malakit; (ii) Understand the way gold miners perceive Malakit; (iii) Identify the elements that are favorable and unfavorable to the use of Malakit; (iv4) Identify what can be improved in the project. The data were collected using three methods: on-site observation, semi-structured individual interviews (n = 26), and group interviews (n = 2). The results indicate that Malakit responds to the need for treatment and facilitates access to care. Gold miners say they trust the facilitators and receive accurate explanations, the kit is easy to use and carry, and explanations given are sufficient. Nonetheless, the results lead us to believe that contextual elements influence exposure to numerous risk factors and that malaria among gold miners working illegally in French Guiana is a question of social inequalities in health. Thus, malaria intervention practices such as Malakit cannot be carried out without considering the complexity generated by social inequalities in health.
Ethnolinguistic diversity and the spread of communicable diseases: a cross-country study on the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Wang Cong , Wang Jimin 
Published: August 2022

Summary
Motivated by the varying effectiveness of government intervention policies to contain the COVID-19 pandemic, and the potential positive relationship between ethnolinguistic diversity and social distance, this paper aims to provide empirical evidence on the relationship between ethnolinguistic diversity and the spread of COVID-19. In particular, using global data from 113 developed and developing countries during the early stages of the pandemic (from 31 December 2019 to 8 July 2020), we have found a significant negative effect of ethnolinguistic diversity on the spread of the virus. The result is robust to alternative measures of ethnolinguistic diversity and estimator that addresses endogeneity. Moreover, we also show that the impact of ethnolinguistic diversity on the spread of COVID-19 differs in economies characterized by different levels of democracy, policy stringency on addressing COVID-19 and health expenditure.
Migration, Racism and Sexual Health in Postwar Britain
Authors: Hanley Anne 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The British Nationality Act 1948 conferred citizenship on Commonwealth subjects, granting them the right to settle in Britain. Hundreds of thousands of New Commonwealth migrants made use of the Act. Almost immediately, opponents began criticizing the health impacts of immigration, focusing on diseases like syphilis and gonorrhoea. More than any other migrant group, Black British men from the Caribbean became implicated in debates over venereal disease. This article explores how health workers and journalists used health data in ways that reinforced racial stereotypes, fed white prejudices and presented Black men as the most significant sexual health threat in postwar Britain.
Boundary integral equation methods for the solution of scattering and transmission 2D elastodynamic problems
Authors: Domínguez Víctor , Turc Catalin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We introduce and analyse various regularized combined field integral equations (CFIER) formulations of time-harmonic Navier equations in media with piece-wise constant material properties. These formulations can be derived systematically starting from suitable coercive approximations of Dirichlet-to-Neumann operators (DtN), and we present a periodic pseudodifferential calculus framework within which the well posedness of CIER formulations can be established. We also use the DtN approximations to derive and analyse OS methods for the solution of elastodynamics transmission problems. The pseudodifferential calculus we develop in this paper relies on careful singularity splittings of the kernels of Navier boundary integral operators, which is also the basis of high-order Nyström quadratures for their discretizations. Based on these high-order discretizations we investigate the rate of convergence of iterative solvers applied to CFIER and OS formulations of scattering and transmission problems. We present a variety of numerical results that illustrate that the CFIER methodology leads to important computational savings over the classical CFIE one, whenever iterative solvers are used for the solution of the ensuing discretized boundary integral equations. Finally, we show that the OS methods are competitive in the high-frequency high-contrast regime.
Analysis of a mixed discontinuous Galerkin method for the time-harmonic Maxwell equations with minimal smoothness requirements
Authors: Liu Kaifang , Gallistl Dietmar , Schlottbom Matthias , van der Vegt J J W 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAn error analysis of a mixed discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method with lifting operators as numerical fluxes for the time-harmonic Maxwell equations with minimal smoothness requirements is presented. The key difficulty in the error analysis for the DG method is that due to the low regularity the tangential trace of the exact solution is not well defined on the faces of the computational mesh. This difficulty is addressed by adopting the face-to-cell lifting introduced by Ern & Guermond (2021, Quasi-optimal nonconforming approximation of elliptic PDEs with contrasted coefficients and $H^{1+r}$, $r&gt;0$, regularity. Found. Comput. Math., 1–36). To obtain optimal local interpolation estimates, we introduce Scott–Zhang-type interpolations that are well defined for $H(\textrm {curl})$ and $H(\textrm {div})$ functions with minimal regularity requirements. As a by-product of penalizing the lifting of the tangential jumps, an explicit and easily computable stabilization parameter is given.
Optimal rates of convergence and error localization of Gegenbauer projections
Authors: Wang Haiyong 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Motivated by comparing the convergence behavior of Gegenbauer projections and best approximations, we study the optimal rate of convergence for Gegenbauer projections in the maximum norm. We show that the rate of convergence of Gegenbauer projections is the same as that of best approximations under conditions of the underlying function being either analytic on and within an ellipse and $\lambda \leqslant 0$ or differentiable and $\lambda \leqslant 1$, where $\lambda $ is the parameter in Gegenbauer projections. If the underlying function is analytic and $\lambda&gt;0$ or differentiable and $\lambda&gt;1$, then the rate of convergence of Gegenbauer projections is slower than that of best approximations by factors of $n^{\lambda }$ and $n^{\lambda -1}$, respectively. An exceptional case is functions with endpoint singularities, for which Gegenbauer projections and best approximations converge at the same rate for all $\lambda&gt;-1/2$. For functions with interior or endpoint singularities, we provide a theoretical explanation for the error localization phenomenon of Gegenbauer projections and for why the accuracy of Gegenbauer projections is better than that of best approximations except in small neighborhoods of the critical points. Our analysis provides fundamentally new insight into the power of Gegenbauer approximations and related spectral methods.
On *-Convergence of Schur–Hadamard Products of Independent Nonsymmetric Random Matrices
Authors: Mukherjee Soumendu Sundar 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Let $\{x_{\alpha }\}_{\alpha \in {\mathbb {Z}}}$ and $\{y_{\alpha }\}_{\alpha \in {\mathbb {Z}}}$ be two independent collections of zero mean, unit variance random variables with uniformly bounded moments of all orders. Consider a nonsymmetric Toeplitz matrix $X_n = ((x_{i - j}))_{1 \le i, j \le n}$ and a Hankel matrix $Y_n = ((y_{i + j}))_{1 \le i, j \le n}$, and let $M_n = X_n \odot Y_n$ be their elementwise/Schur–Hadamard product. In this article, we show that almost surely, $n^{-1/2}M_n$, as an element of the *-probability space $(\mathcal {M}_n({\mathbb {C}}), \frac {1}{n}\text {tr})$, converges in *-distribution to a circular variable. With i.i.d. Rademacher entries, this construction gives a matrix model for circular variables with only $O(n)$ bits of randomness. We also consider a dependent setup where $\{x_{\alpha }\}$ and $\{y_{\beta }\}$ are independent strongly multiplicative systems (à la Gaposhkin [7]) satisfying an additional admissibility condition, and have uniformly bounded moments of all orders—a nontrivial example of such a system being $\{\sqrt {2}\sin (2^n \pi U)\}_{n \in {\mathbb {Z}}_+}$, where $U \sim \textrm {Uniform}(0, 1)$. In this case, we show in-expectation and in-probability convergence of the *-moments of $n^{-1/2}M_n$ to those of a circular variable. Finally, we generalise our results to Schur–Hadamard products of structured random matrices of the form $X_n = ((x_{L_X(i, j)}))_{1 \le i, j \le n}$ and $Y_n = ((y_{L_Y(i, j)}))_{1 \le i, j \le n}$, under certain assumptions on the link-functions$L_X$ and $L_Y$, most notably the injectivity of the map $(i, j) \mapsto (L_X(i, j), L_Y(i, j))$. Based on numerical evidence, we conjecture that the circular law $\mu _{\textrm {circ}}$, that is, the uniform measure on the unit disk of ${\mathbb {C}}$, which is also the Brown measure of a circular variable, is in fact the limiting spectral measure (LSM)of $n^{-1/2}M_n$. If true, this would furnish an interesting example where a random matrix with only $O(n)$ bits of randomness has the circular law as its LSM.