bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk assessment of dammed lakes in China based on Bayesian network
Authors: Du Zhenhan , Zhong Qiming , Mei Shengyao , Shan Yibo 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Scientific risk assessment of dammed lakes is vitally important for emergency response planning. In this study, based on the evolution process of the disaster chain, the logic topology structure of dammed lake risk was developed. Then, a quantitative risk assessment model of dammed lake employing Bayesian network is developed, which includes the three modules of dammed lake hazard evaluation, outburst flood routing simulation, and loss assessment. In the proposed model, the network nodes of each module were quantified through statistical data, empirical model, logical inference, and Monte Carlo method. The failure probability of a dammed lake, and the losses of life and property because of its breaching were calculated. This can be multiplied to assess the risk a dammed lake imposes after the uniformization of each loss type. Based on the socio-economic development and longevity statistics of dammed lakes, a risk level classification method for dammed lakes is proposed. The Baige dammed lake, which emerged in China in 2018, was chosen for a case study and risk assessment was conducted. The calculated results showed that the comprehensive risk value of Baige dammed lake is 0.7339 under the condition without manual intervention, identifying it as the extra-high level according to the classification. These results are in accordance with the actual condition, which corroborates the reasonability of the proposed model. This model can quickly and quantitatively evaluate the overall risk of a dammed lake and provide a reference for decision-making in a rapid emergency response scenario.
Cytotoxic Potentials of Preserved and Preservative-free Brimonidine in Corneal Epithelial Cell Line
Authors: Kucukoduk Ali , Durmus Irem Mukaddes , Aksoy Mustafa , Karakurt Serdar 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose: This study aims to compare the cytotoxic, apoptotic, and oxidative effects of preserved and preservative-free forms of brimonidine 0.15% on the human corneal epithelial cell (HCEC) line.Methods: Time-dependent cytotoxicity studies were performed at 5 and 15 minute and 1, 6, and 24 hour with the Alamar Blue method in HCEC treated with test solutions. For apoptotic studies, Annexin-V and 7-AAD staining were performed and flow cytometry was used. To support this, mRNA expressions and protein expressions of BAX, BCL-2, and caspase-3, -9, -12, which are among the proapoptotic genes, were evaluated by qRT-PCR and Western-Blot method, respectively.Results: Cell viability was 76.4% with the preserved solution and 36.05% with the preservative-free solution at the 5th minute. No significant difference was observed with either solution at the 15-minute mark, while cell viability did not change significantly after 1 hour. In the apoptosis evaluation, it was observed that the preservative-free solution increased the early apoptotic activity to a greater degree (2.91-fold, p<0.05). No significant difference was observed in the ROS levels of either solution compared to the control group. It was determined that the preservative-free solution more prominently triggers apoptosis by activating pro-apoptotic genes and the caspase cascade.Conclusion: It was demonstrated that the preserved solution is less cytotoxic to the HCEC line in the early period, has less early apoptotic activity, and does not significantly increase ROS levels. Further investigations of individual components are necessary to fully understand the toxicity of these ophthalmic solutions.
Withdrawing or Withholding Treatments in Health Care Rationing: An Interview Study on Ethical Views and Implications
Authors: Strand Liam , Sandman Lars , Tinghög Gustav , Nedlund Ann-Charlotte 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
When rationing health care, a commonly held view among ethicists is that there is no ethical difference between withdrawing or withholding medical treatments. In reality, this view does not generally seem to be supported by practicians nor in legislation practices, by for example adding a ‘grandfather clause’ when rejecting a new treatment for lacking cost-effectiveness. Due to this discrepancy, our objective was to explore physicians’ and patient organization representatives’ experiences- and perceptions of withdrawing and withholding treatments in rationing situations of relative scarcity.
Methods
Fourteen semi-structured interviews were conducted in Sweden with physicians and patient organization representatives, thematic analysis was used.
Results
Participants commonly express internally inconsistent views regarding if withdrawing or withholding medical treatments should be deemed as ethically equivalent. Participants express that in terms of patients’ need for treatment (e.g., the treatment’s effectiveness and the patient’s medical condition) withholding and withdrawing should be deemed ethically equivalent. However, in terms of prognostic differences, and the patient-physician relation and communication, there is a clear discrepancy which carry a moral significance and ultimately makes withdrawing psychologically difficult for both physicians and patients, and politically difficult for policy makers.
Conclusions
We conclude that the distinction between withdrawing and withholding treatment as unified concepts is a simplification of a more complex situation, where different factors related differently to these two concepts. Following this, possible policy solutions are discussed for how to resolve this experienced moral difference by practitioners and ease withdrawing treatments due to health care rationing. Such solutions could be to have agreements between the physician and patient about potential future treatment withdrawals, to evaluate the treatment’s effect, and to provide guidelines on a national level.
First report of Przhevalskiana silenus derived recombinant hypodermin C based indirect ELISA for serodiagnosis of goat warble fly myiasis
Authors: Yadav Anish , Rafiqi Shafiya Imtiaz , Yadav Vikas , Kushwaha Anand , Godara Rajesh , Sood Shilpa , Bhat Mohammad Altaf , Katoch Rajesh , Fontan Rosario Panadero 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Goat warble fly infestation (GWFI) is a subcutaneous myiasis caused by larvae of Przhevalskiana silenus, an insect belonging to the order Diptera. The diagnosis of GWFI is challenging in the early larval instars (L1 & L2) as they are occult under the skin and hair coat causing prolonged economic loss in form of meat and hide damage. This necessitates early diagnosis for disease control at herd level and its prophylactic management to prevent economic losses. Hypodermins, a class of serine proteases from Hypoderminae subfamily have been used as serodiagnostic antigens for the past four decades for diagnosis of warble fly myiasis. In this study, immunodominant antigen Hypodermin C (HyC) from P. silenus has been recombinantly expressed in E. coli and immunogenic characterisation of expressed protein was done. The protein shows hallmark residues in conserved cysteine and catalytic triad typical of serine proteases along with similar profile of immunoreactivity towards Hypoderminae infestation. The present study reports an optimised indirect-ELISA based on recombinant HyC derived from P. silenus for early diagnosis of GWFI. The optimised indirect ELISA provides a sensitive and specific immunodiagnostic for mass surveillance of the GWFI with diagnostic specificity and sensitivity of 96% & 100%, respectively and not showing any cross reactivity against other important parasitic and bacterial diseases of goats. This study presents the first report of indirect ELISA based on recombinant Hypodermin C antigen derived from P. silenus for the serosurveillance of goat warble fly disease.
Tracking Glioma Evolution in human brain for precision medicine by integrating real-time in vivo tumour genomes
Authors: Bu Xingyao , Deng Kaiyuan , Sheng Zhiyuan , Xu Sensen , Bu Yage , Wu Shuang , Zhang Ziyue , Guo Guangzhong , Liu Guanzheng , Yu Jinliang , Gao Yushuai , Yan Zhaoyue , Bu Chaojie , Gu Jianjun , Kong Lingfei , Liu Gang , Wang Meiyun , Li Tianxiao 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Targeted therapy of glioma is unsatisfactory due to the variable heterogeneity of tumors. We tracked glioma genomic alterations in vivo to provide a boost to precision medicine.Methods: We collected tumor tissue samples from glioma patients (including recurrent tumors) and serially collected Tumor in situ fluid (TISF) after surgery. Glioma-derived DNA from these samples was sequencing by next-generation DNA sequencing. We longitudinally analysed the genomes of glioma patients in tumor and TISFs, and explored the relationship between characteristic alterations in glioma evolution and targeted therapies, key clinical treatment options, imaging, treatment response.Results: We validated the representativeness of TISF circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) to the tumor genome, 100% (33/33) of the mutations detected in the recurrent tumors were detectable in the TISF samples. there was a significant correlation between recurrent tumors variant allele frequencies (VAFs) and the TISF ctDNA VAFs (R2= 0.9029, 0.9189). In addition, TISF ctDNA is associated with glioma progression and prognosis. The significant alterations observed after tumor progression were KIT (P = 0.0156), NF1 (P = 0.0078), TSC2 (P = 0.0313), FAT1 (P = 0.0313), SMO (P = 0.0313), RTK/RAS/PI3K pathway (P = 0.0028) and MMR gene (P = 0.0234). And we captured the glioma genomic landscape real-time in vivo and found a complete subclonal selection process of PDGFRA, CDKN2A and mismatch repair gene related mutations which were suggested to be actionable for targeted agents. We also identified the progressively increased number and proportion of temozolomide-related C>T/G>A transitions in glioma genome under temozolomide treatment. These key genetic alterations are associated with clinical progression confirmed on imaging, suggesting their driving role for tumor recurrence and the significance to precise therapy.Conclusions: Increased TISF ctDNA were associated with disease progression and prognosis. Serial ctDNA testing identified progression alterations. Longitudinal ctDNA evaluation could monitor tumour genomic evolutionary patterns and guide precision medicine.
FOXO1/miR-506/ETS1 feedback loop promotes chemosensitivity to temozolomide and suppresses invasiveness in glioblastoma
Authors: Chen Chao , Liu Yu’e , Wang Hongxiang , Zhang Xu , Shi Yufeng , Chen Juxiang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most lethal brain tumor which is characterized of high invasiveness and resistance to chemoradiotherapy. Forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) might play a key role in multidrug resistance (MDR) and invasiveness of GBM, while the upstream and downstream molecular mechanisms are not yet elucidated.Methods The roles of FOXO1 and miR-506 in proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, autophagy and TMZ sensitivity were explored in U251 cell lines both in vitro and in vivo. The interaction between FOXO1and miR-506 was also explored.Results In this study, we found FOXO1/ miR-506 axis suppresses GBM cells invasion and migration, and promotes chemosensitivity to temozolomide (TMZ) which was mediated by autophagy. FOXO1 upregulates miR-506 by binding to its promoter to enhance transcriptional activation. miR-506 could down-regulate ETS1 expression by targeting its 3’-UTR. Interestingly, ETS1 promotes FOXO1 translocation from nucleus to cytosol and further suppresses FOXO1-miR-506 axis in GBM cells. Consistently, both miR-506 inhibition and ETS1 overexpression can rescue FOXO1 overactivation mediated TMZ chemosensitivity in mouse models. Conclusions These results demonstrate a negative feedback loop of FOXO1/miR-506/ETS1/FOXO1 in GBM to regulate invasiveness and chemosensitivity, which might be a promising therapeutic target for GBM.
Mechanical reinforcement in nylon 6 nanocomposite fiber incorporated with dopamine reduced graphene oxide
Authors: Han Jian , Zhao Yonghuan , Meng Yang , Zhu Feichao , Su Juanjuan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The emergence of the graphene-based polymer composite fibers provides a new opportunity to study the high-performance and functional chemical fibers. In this work, we have developed an efficient and convenient method with polydopamine (PDA) to functionalize and reduce graphene oxide (GO) simultaneously, and the modified graphene nanosheets can obtain uniform dispersion and strong interfacial bonding in nylon 6(PA6). Furthermore, the reinforced PA6 composite fibers were prepared through mixing PDA-rGO into the PA6 polymer matrix and then melt spinning. The functional modification was characterized by surface analysis and structural testing including SEM, TEM, FTIR and Raman. When the addition amount of the modified GO was 0.15wt%, the tensile strength and Young's modulus of the composite fiber reached 310.4 MPa and 462.3MPa, respectively. The results showed a meaningful reinforcement with effect compared to the pure nylon 6 fiber. Moreover, the composite fiber also exhibited an improved crystallinity and thermal stability as measured by DSC and TGA.
Kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism and hospital mortality in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: a prospective cohort study in metabolomics analysis
Authors: Chiu Li-Chung , Tang Hsiang-Yu , Fan Chun-Ming , Lo Chi-Jen , Hu Han-Chung , Kao Kuo-Chin , Cheng Mei-Ling 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) involves dysregulated immune-inflammatory responses following direct or indirect injury, characterized by severe hypoxemia respiratory failure and high mortality. At present, no conclusive diagnostic, predictive, or prognostic biomarkers have been developed for ARDS. Metabolites modulating inflammatory and immune responses may play a central role in the pathogenesis of ARDS. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of metabolic signatures in the clinical outcomes of patients with ARDS.
Methods
We conducted a prospective metabolomics study of 69 patients with ARDS. Metabolic profiling (on serum and urine) was performed and clinical variables were collected for analysis at day 1, day 3, and day 7 after ARDS onset. We also recruited 30 healthy control subjects (i.e., without significant comorbidities).
Results
Among the 69 ARDS patients, overall hospital mortality was 52.2%. Between day 1 and day 7 after ARDS onset, plasma kynurenine levels and the kynurenine/tryptophan ratio were significantly higher among nonsurvivors than among survivors (all p < 0.05). Urine metabolic profiling revealed a significantly higher prevalence of tryptophan degradation and higher concentrations of metabolites downstream of the kynurenine pathway among nonsurvivors than among survivors at the time of ARDS onset. Plasma kynurenine concentration was significantly correlated with organ failure. Cox regression models revealed that plasma kynurenine levels and the plasma kynurenine/tryptophan ratio at day 1 were independently associated with hospital mortality (adjusted HR = 1.017 [95% CI 1.003–1.032], p = 0.017 and adjusted HR = 1.761 [95% CI 1.204–2.576], p = 0.004, respectively). The 90-day hospital mortality of patients with high kynurenine levels (> 15.12 µM) at ARDS onset was significantly higher than that of patients with low kynurenine levels ( ≦ 15.12 µM) (66.7% vs. 25%, p = 0.003; log-rank test).
Conclusion
Activation of the kynurenine pathway was associated with mortality in patients with ARDS. Metabolic phenotypes and modulating metabolic perturbations of the kynurenine pathway could perhaps serve as prognostic markers or as a target for therapeutic interventions aimed at reducing morbidity and mortality in cases of ARDS.
Coronary artery disease classification with support vector machines tuned via randomized search cross-validation
Authors: Akyol Kemal 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Coronary artery disease outstands health problem that causes high mortality in the world population. This disease brings with it fateful problems such as heart attack and heart failure in patients with cardiovascular problems. Early diagnosis of coronary artery disease is essential for timely administration of the right treatment and reduction of mortality. Angiography is the most preferred method for CAD detection. However, the complications and costs of this method have led researchers to forage alternative methods through machine learning algorithms. By developing a machine learning model with high generalization ability, prediction errors can be minimized. Thus, these models could potentially be useful for specialist physicians in the effective detection of coronary artery disease. The main focus of this study is to perform coronary artery disease detection with improved support vector machines. k-fold cross-validation experiments were performed on the Z-Alizadeh Sani dataset to evaluate the performance of the models. According to the results obtained, support vector machines with randomize search cross validation provided best performance when compared to other models. 87.102% average accuracy, 91.176% average sensitivity, 90.852% average precision, 76.996% average specificity, and also 8.824% average false negative rate obtained by 5-fold cross validation competes with the known approaches in the literature.
Genome-scale analysis of protein function distribution of extremophilic archaea using COG database
Authors: Ubidia-Incio Roberto , Rodríguez Sofía CA. , Orozco Karen L , Rojas-Zumaran Víctor , Moya-Salazar Jeel 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Extremophilic archaea have a variety of adaptations that they have developed in order to cope with their environmental conditions. In this study, we analyze the distribution of protein-coding genes of the archaea listed in NCBI’s COG database in order to observe changes in the way these genes have been distributed among functional categories for the different types of extremophilic groups. We found that the category T (Signal transduction mechanisms) presents variations that are more related to the extremophilic adaptations than other categories, and that some metabolic categories seem to be related indirectly to the extreme environments in which these groups thrive. These findings could be useful in studying how the distribution of protein functions affects life in unexplored extreme environments on Earth or elsewhere, and when designing modified organisms that can be used for human exploration support in these environments.
New network analysis of therapeutic targets of human urine stem cells after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion
Authors: Chen Ji-Lin , Li Na , Liu Wen-Qiang , Zuo Zhong-Fu , Wang Ting-Hua 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objective: In order to verify that human urine stem cells can improve the neurological function of rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion through animal experiments, and then analyze the changes of gene network of human urine stem cell transplantation on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion through bioinformatics. Methods: Human urine stem cells were cultured, and then the model was established in rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. Human urine stem cells were transplanted through the lateral ventricle. The success of the model was verified by behavioral NSS score. Using the keywords "Cerebral reperfusion" and "human urine stem cells", gene targets were searched and downloaded in Genecards, and the downloaded gene targets were made into The Venny intersection plot, and the resulting intersection genes were used. PubMed and CN.ORG searched literatures by keywords "Cerebral ischemia reperfusion, Stem cell transplantation" and sorted out genes that had been reported and not reported in the intersection genes. GO analysis, KEGG pathway analysis and PPI protein interaction map were used to analyze the interaction between genes. Results: Behavioral NSS score data were obtained on 1 day. Compared with the SHAM group, the neurological function of THE BI rats was significant. After injection of human urine stem cells into the lateral ventricle, the neurological function injury of the BI+USCs=LV group was higher than that of the BI group, P=0.028, which was statistically significant. There were 258 overlapping genes between Cerebral ischemia and human urine stem cells, and the remaining 252 overlapping genes were screened by PubMed and CNKI. GO enrichment analysis mainly involved neutrophil degranulation, neutrophil activation involved in immune response and platelet Positive regulation of degranulation, Hemostasis, blood coagulation, coagulation, etc. KEGG pathway analysis mainly involved Complement and coagulation cascades, ECM-receptor interaction, Glutathione metabolism and Proteoglycans in the correlation between the first 10 genes of cancer, Legionellosis, and Focal adhesion were that ACE: APOB, ACE: C3, APOB: C3, APOB: CD36, C3: CD59, C3: CD55, CD14: CD44, CD14: CD36, CD44: RAC1, CD44: CD55, CD44: CD59, CD55: CD59. Conclusion: Through animal experiments, it has been verified that human urine stem cells can improve the neural function of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion rats, and by studying their interaction relationship, enrichment analysis and pathway analysis, it has been expounded that human urine stem cells can regulate the functional recovery of cerebral ischemia.
The Effects of Visual Context on Visual-Vestibular Mismatch Revealed by Electrodermal and Postural Response Measures
Authors: ALSharif Doaa S. , Tucker Carole A. , Coffman Donna L. , Keshner Emily A. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
BACKGROUND
No objective criteria exist for diagnosis and treatment of visual-vestibular mismatch (VVM).
OBJECTIVE
To determine whether measures of electrodermal activity (EDA) and trunk acceleration will identify VVM when exposed to visual-vestibular conflict.
METHODS
A modified VVM questionnaire identified the presence of VVM (+ VVM) in 13 of 23 young adults (34 ± 8 years old) diagnosed with vestibular migraine. Rod and frame tests and outcome measures for dizziness and mobility were administered. Participants stood on foam while viewing two immersive virtual environments. Trunk acceleration in three planes and electrodermal activity (EDA) were assessed with wearable sensors. Linear mixed effect (LME) models were used to examine magnitude and smoothness of trunk acceleration and tonic and phasic EDA. Welch’s t-test and associations between measures were assessed with a Pearson Correlation Coefficient. Effect sizes of group mean differences were calculated using Cohen’s d test.
RESULTS
Greater than 80% of all participants were visually dependent. Outcome measures were significantly poorer in the + VVM group: tonic EDA was lower (t(417)=-4.31,p < 0.001) and phasic EDA higher (t(417) = 4.35, p < 0.001). Postural accelerations varied across groups; LME models indicated a relationship between visual context, postural, and ANS responses in the + VVM group.
CONCLUSIONS
Lower tonic EDA with + VVM suggests canal-otolith dysfunction. The positive association between vertical acceleration, tonic EDA, and visual dependence suggests that increased vertical segmental adjustments are used to compensate. Visual context of the spatial environment emerged as an important variable to control when testing or treating VVM.