bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum uric acid significantly improves the accuracy of cardiovascular risk score models
Authors: Moshkovits Yonatan , Tiosano Shmuel , Kaplan Alon , Kalstein Maia , Bayshtok Gabriella , Kivity Shaye , Segev Shlomo , Grossman Ehud , Segev Amit , Maor Elad , Fardman Alexander 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimsThis study evaluated the impact of serum uric acid (sUA) on the accuracy of pooled cohort equations (PCE) model, Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation 2 (SCORE2), and SCORE2-older persons.Methods and resultsWe evaluated 19 769 asymptomatic self-referred adults aged 40–79 years free of cardiovascular disease and diabetes who were screened annually in a preventive healthcare setting. sUA levels were expressed as a continuous as well as a dichotomous variable (upper sex-specific tertiles defined as high sUA). The primary endpoint was the composite of death, acute coronary syndrome, or stroke, after excluding subjects diagnosed with metastatic cancer during follow-up. Mean age was 50 ± 8 years and 69% were men. During the median follow-up of 6 years, 1658 (8%) subjects reached the study endpoint. PCE, SCORE2, and high sUA were independently associated with the study endpoint in a multivariable model (P &lt; 0.001 for all). Continuous net reclassification improvement analysis showed a 13% improvement in the accuracy of classification when high sUA was added to either PCE or SCORE2 model (P &lt; 0.001 for both). sUA remained independently associated with the study endpoint among normal-weight subjects in the SCORE2 model (HR 1.3, 95% CI 1.1–1.6) but not among overweight individuals (P for interaction = 0.01). Subgroup analysis resulted in a significant 16–20% improvement in the model performance among normal-weight and low-risk subjects (P &lt; 0.001 for PCE; P = 0.026 and P &lt; 0.001 for SCORE2, respectively).ConclusionsUA significantly improves the classification accuracy of PCE and SCORE2 models. This effect is especially pronounced among normal-weight and low-risk subjects.
Income differences in partial life expectancy between ages 35 and 64 from 1988 to 2017: the contribution of living arrangements
Authors: Knop Jade , Martikainen Pekka , Remes Hanna , Tarkiainen Lasse 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
Socioeconomic differences in mortality among the working-age population have increased in several high-income countries. The aim of this study was to assess whether changes in the living arrangement composition of income groups have contributed to changing income differences in life expectancy during the past 30 years.

Methods
We used Finnish register data covering the total population to calculate partial life expectancies between ages 35 and 64 by income quartile in 1988–2017. The contribution of living arrangements to these differences was assessed by direct standardization. Decomposition methods were used to determine the extent of life expectancy differences due to external (accidental, violent and alcohol-related) causes of death.

Results
The life expectancy gap between the highest and lowest income quartile increased until 2003–07, but decreased thereafter. The contribution of living arrangements to these differences remained mostly stable: 36–39% among men and 15–23% among women. Those living without children consistently showed the greatest life expectancy differences by income. External causes of death significantly contributed to income differences in life expectancy.

Conclusions
The living arrangement composition of income groups explained part of the differences in life expectancy, but not their changes. Our results on the contribution of external causes of death imply that both the persistent income gradient in mortality as well as the mortality disparities by living arrangements are at least partially related to similar selection or causal mechanisms.
Perinatal mortality in Ireland: inequalities by socio-economic group and country of birth
Authors: Duffy Katie , Connolly Sheelah , Nolan Anne , Maître Bertrand 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
While perinatal mortality rates have decreased in Ireland in recent years, it is not known if this reduction was shared equally among all groups. The aim of this study is to examine inequalities in perinatal mortality by country of birth and socio-economic group in Ireland between 2004 and 2019.

Methods
Data for the analysis was obtained from the National Perinatal Reporting System dataset, which includes all births (including stillbirths) in Ireland. The rate and risk ratios for perinatal death were calculated for mothers’ socio-economic group and country of birth for two time periods (2004–11 and 2012–19). Adjustment was made for mothers’ age, marital status, parity and country of birth/socio-economic group. A total of 995 154 births and 5710 perinatal deaths were included in the analysis.

Results
With the exception of African born mothers, the perinatal mortality rate decreased for all groups over time; however, inequalities persisted. Relative to Irish born mothers, the risk for African born mothers increased from 1.63 to 2.00 over time. Adjusting for other variables including socio-economic status reduced but did not eliminate this elevated relative risk. Mothers who were classified as unemployed or engaged in home duties had a higher risk of a perinatal death relative to higher professional mothers, with the relative risk remaining relatively constant over time.

Conclusions
Reducing inequalities in health is a key objective of the Irish government. Further research is required to identify why perinatal mortality continues to be higher in some groups so that targeted action can be implemented.
Bacterial gut microbiomes of aculeate brood parasites overlap with their aculeate hosts’, but have higher diversity and specialization
Authors: Ronchetti Federico , Polidori Carlo , Schmitt Thomas , Steffan-Dewenter Ingolf , Keller Alexander 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Despite growing interest in gut microbiomes of aculeate Hymenoptera, research so far focused on social bees, wasps, and ants, whereas non-social taxa and their brood parasites have not received much attention. Brood parasitism, however, allows to distinguish between microbiome components horizontally transmitted by spill-over from the host with such inherited through vertical transmission by mothers. Here, we studied the bacterial gut microbiome of adults in seven aculeate species in four brood parasite–host systems: two bee-mutillid (host–parasitoid) systems, one halictid bee–cuckoo bee system, and one wasp–chrysidid cuckoo wasp system. We addressed the following questions: (1) Do closely related species possess a more similar gut microbiome? (2) Do brood parasites share components of the microbiome with their host? (3) Do brood parasites have different diversity and specialization of microbiome communities compared with the hosts? Our results indicate that the bacterial gut microbiome of the studied taxa was species-specific, yet with a limited effect of host phylogenetic relatedness and a major contribution of shared microbes between hosts and parasites. However, contrasting patterns emerged between bee–parasite systems and the wasp–parasite system. We conclude that the gut microbiome in adult brood parasites is largely affected by their host–parasite relationships and the similarity of trophic food sources between hosts and parasites.
Novel genome sequences and evolutionary dynamics of the North American anopheline species Anopheles freeborni, Anopheles crucians, Anopheles quadrimaculatus, and Anopheles albimanus
Authors: Henderson Cory , Kemirembe Karen , McKeand Sage , Bergey Christina , Rasgon Jason L 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Anopheles mosquitoes are the principal vectors for malaria and lymphatic filariasis, and evidence for arboviral transmission under laboratory and natural contexts has been demonstrated. Vector management approaches require an understanding of the ecological, epidemiological, and biological contexts of the species in question, and increased interest in gene drive systems for vector control applications has resulted in an increased need for genome assemblies from understudied mosquito vector species. In this study, we present novel genome assemblies for Anopheles crucians, Anopheles freeborni, Anopheles albimanus, and Anopheles quadrimaculatus and examine the evolutionary relationship between these species. We identified 790 shared single-copy orthologs between the newly sequenced genomes and created a phylogeny using 673 of the orthologs, identifying 289 orthologs with evidence for positive selection on at least 1 branch of the phylogeny. Gene ontology terms such as calcium ion signaling, histone binding, and protein acetylation identified as being biased in the set of selected genes. These novel genome sequences will be useful in developing our understanding of the diverse biological traits that drive vectorial capacity in anophelines.
Endo-anesthesia: a primer
Authors: Bazerbachi Fateh , White Rodger M , Forbes Nauzer , Goudra Basavana , Abu Dayyeh Barham K , Chandrasekhara Vinay , Sweitzer BobbieJean 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy has witnessed a Cambrian explosion of techniques, indications, and expanding target populations. GI endoscopy encompasses traditional domains that include preventive measures, palliation, as alternative therapies in patients with prohibitive risks of more invasive procedures, and indicated primary treatments. But, it has expanded to include therapeutic and diagnostic interventional endosonography, luminal endoscopic resection, third space endotherapy, endohepatology, and endobariatrics. The lines between surgery and endoscopy are blurred on many occasions within this paradigm. Moreover, patients with high degrees of co-morbidity and complex physiology require more nuanced peri-endoscopic management. The rising demand for endoscopy services has resulted in the development of endoscopy referral centers that offer these invasive procedures as directly booked referrals for regional and rural patients. This further necessitates specialized programs to ensure appropriate evaluation, risk stratification, and optimization for safe sedation and general anesthesia if needed. This landscape is conducive to the organic evolution of endo-anesthesia to meet the needs of these focused and evolving practices. In this primer, we delineate important aspects of endo-anesthesia care and provide relevant clinical and logistical considerations pertaining to the breadth of procedures.
Does High-Velocity Resistance Exercise Elicit Greater Physical Function Benefits Than Traditional Resistance Exercise in Older Adults? A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of 79 Trials
Authors: Lopez Pedro , Rech Anderson , Petropoulou Maria , Newton Robert U , Taaffe Dennis R , Galvão Daniel A , Turella Douglas J P , Freitas Sandro R , Radaelli Régis 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
A systematic review and network meta-analysis was undertaken to examine the effectiveness of different modes of resistance exercise velocity in fast walking speed, timed-up and go, 5-times sit-to-stand, 30-second sit-to-stand, and 6-minute walking tests in older adults.

Methods
CINAHL, Embase, LILACS, PubMed, Scielo, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science databases were searched up to February 2022. Eligible randomized trials examined the effects of supervised high-velocity or traditional resistance exercise in older adults (ie, ≥60 years). The primary outcome for this review was physical function measured by fast walking speed, timed-up and go, 5-times sit-to-stand, 30-second sit-to-stand, and 6-minute walking tests, while maximal muscle power and muscle strength were secondary. A random-effects network meta-analysis was undertaken to examine the effects of different resistance exercise interventions.

Results
Eighty articles describing 79 trials (n = 3 575) were included. High-velocity resistance exercise was the most effective for improving fast walking speed (standardized mean difference [SMD] −0.44, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.00 to 0.87), timed-up and go (SMD −0.76, 95% CI: −1.05 to −0.47), and 5-times sit-to-stand (SMD −0.74, 95% CI: −1.20 to −0.27), while traditional resistance exercise was the most effective for 30-second sit-to-stand (SMD 1.01, 95% CI: 0.68 to 1.34) and 6-minute walking (SMD 0.68, 95% CI: 0.34 to 1.03).

Conclusion
Our study provides evidence that resistance exercise velocity effects are specific in older adults, as evidenced by physical function test dependence. We suggest that prescriptions based on the velocity of contraction should be individualized to address the specific functional needs of participants.
Revisiting the effects of an inoculation treatment on psychological reactance: a conceptual replication and extension with self-report and psychophysiological measures
Authors: Clayton Russell B , Compton Josh , Reynolds-Tylus Tobias , Neumann Dominik , Park Junho 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Research published by Richards and Banas and Richards et al. demonstrated that an inoculation treatment given to participants prior to their exposure to a series of freedom-threatening persuasive health messages mitigates audiences’ freedom-threat perceptions, state psychological reactance, and behavioral intentions. We sought to conceptually replicate the studies by Richards and Banas and Richards et al. with a sample of ever-vapers who were either assigned to an inoculation condition or control condition and then exposed to a series of dogmatic anti-vaping messages while psychophysiological responses were recorded. In doing so, we also sought to replicate the pattern of results observed by Clayton et al. and Clayton who used the same stimuli, methods, and measures. The results from our study provided a successful conceptual replication of each of these studies, with a few exceptions that are discussed. This study provides greater confidence in recent psychological reactance findings and the efficacy of an inoculation treatment for circumventing psychological reactance.
Role of alcohol media literacy in alcohol use among children and adolescents: a systematic review
Authors: Park Sunhee , Lee Haein , Kim Junghee 
Published: November 2022

Summary
Enhancing alcohol media literacy (AML) is a critical strategy to attenuate negative effects of alcohol-related media messages. We aimed to systematically review previous studies on AML in children and adolescents. Through database and hand searches, we identified four non-experimental and 13 experimental studies. From the 17 studies, we extracted data on theoretical framework, AML measures, intervention contents and main findings. Our review revealed the following. First, nine and four studies used a single theory and at least two theories, respectively. The most frequently used theory was the Message Interpretation Process model. Second, 13 studies assessed AML using participant self-reporting or evaluators’ ratings of participant performance, but no study reported validities of AML measures. Eight studies assessed tobacco or general media literacy as well as AML. Third, all experimental studies used three to five media literacy core concepts proposed by the Center for Media Literacy in AML interventions. Finally, all non-experimental studies found strong cross-sectional associations between higher AML and improved drinking outcomes; all experimental studies found strong intervention effects, such as an increase in AML or improvement in drinking outcomes. In addition, intervention effects differed across participants’ gender and drinking experiences. Given our review, health professionals should implement strategies to enhance children and adolescents’ AML. Future research should investigate (i) causal inferences in non-experimental studies, (ii) long-term intervention effects in experimental studies and (iii) differences in intervention effects across participants’ characteristics, while using solid theoretical frameworks and multidimensional AML concepts.
Interaction of AcMADS68 with transcription factors regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis in red-fleshed kiwifruit
Authors: Liu Yanfei , Lv Guowen , Yang Yaqi , Ma Kangxun , Ren Xiaolin , Li Mingjun , Liu Zhande 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn red-fleshed kiwifruit, anthocyanin pigmentation is a crucial commercial trait. The MYB-bHLH-WD40 (MBW) complex and other transcription factors regulate its accumulation. Herein, a new SEP gene, AcMADS68, was identified as a regulatory candidate for anthocyanin biosynthesis in the kiwifruit by transcriptome data and bioinformatic analyses. AcMADS68 alone could not induce the accumulation of anthocyanin both in Actinidia arguta fruit and tobacco leaves. However, in combination with AcMYBF110, AcMYB123, and AcbHLH1, AcMADS68 co-overexpression increased anthocyanin biosynthesis, whereas its silencing reduced anthocyanin accumulation. The results of the dual-luciferase reporter, firefly luciferase complementation, yeast two-hybrid and co-immunoprecipitation assays showed that AcMADS68 could interact with both AcMYBF110 and AcMYB123 but not with AcbHLH1, thereby co-regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis by promoting the activation of the target genes, including AcANS, AcF3GT1, and AcGST1. Moreover, AcMADS68 also could activate the promoter of AcbHLH1 surported by dual-luciferase reporter and yeast one-hybrid assays, thereby further amplifying the regulation signals from the MBW complex, thus resulting in enhanced anthocyanin accumulation in the kiwifruit. These findings may facilitate better elucidation of various regulatory mechanisms underlying anthocyanin accumulation and contribute to the quality enhancement of red-fleshed kiwifruit.
The Pythium periplocum elicitin PpEli2 confers broad-spectrum disease resistance by triggering a novel receptor-dependent immune pathway in plants
Authors: Yang Kun , Wang Yi , Li Jialu , Du Yaxin , Zhai Ying , Liang Dong , Shen Danyu , Ji Rui , Ren Xuexiang , Peng Hao , Jing Maofeng , Dou Daolong 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Elicitins are microbe-associated molecular patterns produced by oomycetes to elicit plant defense. It is still unclear whether elicitins derived from non-pathogenic oomycetes can be used as bioactive molecules for disease control. Here, for the first time we identify and characterize an elicitin named PpEli2 from the soil-borne oomycete Pythium periplocum, which is a non-pathogenic mycoparasite colonizing the root ecosystem of diverse plant species. Perceived by a novel cell surface receptor-like protein, REli, that is conserved in various plants (e.g. tomato, pepper, soybean), PpEli2 can induce hypersensitive response cell death and an immunity response in Nicotiana benthamiana. Meanwhile, PpEli2 enhances the interaction between REli and its co-receptor BAK1. The receptor-dependent immune response triggered by PpEli2 is able to protect various plant species against Phytophthora and fungal infections. Collectively, our work reveals the potential agricultural application of non-pathogenic elicitins and their receptors in conferring broad-spectrum resistance for plant protection.
Computer-Aided Imaging Analysis of Probe-Based Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy With Molecular Labeling and Gene Expression Identifies Markers of Response to Biological Therapy in IBD Patients: The Endo-Omics Study
Authors: Iacucci Marietta , Jeffery Louisa , Acharjee Animesh , Grisan Enrico , Buda Andrea , Nardone Olga M , Smith Samuel C L , Labarile Nunzia , Zardo Davide , Ungar Bella , Hunter Stuart , Mao Ren , Cannatelli Rosanna , Shivaji Uday N , Parigi Tommaso Lorenzo , Reynolds Gary M , Gkoutos Georgios V , Ghosh Subrata 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
We aimed to predict response to biologics in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) using computerized image analysis of probe confocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE) in vivo and assess the binding of fluorescent-labeled biologics ex vivo. Additionally, we investigated genes predictive of anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) response.

Methods
Twenty-nine patients (15 with Crohn’s disease [CD], 14 with ulcerative colitis [UC]) underwent colonoscopy with pCLE before and 12 to 14 weeks after starting anti-TNF or anti-integrin α4β7 therapy. Biopsies were taken for fluorescein isothiocyanate–labeled infliximab and vedolizumab staining and gene expression analysis. Computer-aided quantitative image analysis of pCLE was performed. Differentially expressed genes predictive of response were determined and validated in a public cohort.

Results
In vivo, vessel tortuosity, crypt morphology, and fluorescein leakage predicted response in UC (area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve [AUROC], 0.93; accuracy 85%, positive predictive value [PPV] 89%; negative predictive value [NPV] 75%) and CD (AUROC, 0.79; accuracy 80%; PPV 75%; NPV 83%) patients. Ex vivo, increased binding of labeled biologic at baseline predicted response in UC (UC) (AUROC, 83%; accuracy 77%; PPV 89%; NPV 50%) but not in Crohn’s disease (AUROC 58%). A total of 325 differentially expressed genes distinguished responders from nonresponders, 86 of which fell within the most enriched pathways. A panel including ACTN1, CXCL6, LAMA4, EMILIN1, CRIP2, CXCL13, and MAPKAPK2 showed good prediction of anti-TNF response (AUROC &gt;0.7).

Conclusions
Higher mucosal binding of the drug target is associated with response to therapy in UC. In vivo, mucosal and microvascular changes detected by pCLE are associated with response to biologics in inflammatory bowel disease. Anti-TNF–responsive UC patients have a less inflamed and fibrotic state pretreatment. Chemotactic pathways involving CXCL6 or CXCL13 may be novel targets for therapy in nonresponders.
Digital health and capability maturity models—a critical thematic review and conceptual synthesis of the literature
Authors: Liaw Siaw-Teng , Godinho Myron Anthony 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveA literature review of capability maturity models (MMs) to inform the conceptualization, development, implementation, evaluation, and mainstreaming of MMs in digital health (DH).MethodsElectronic databases were searched using “digital health,” “maturity models,” and related terms based on the Digital Health Profile and Maturity Assessment Toolkit Maturity Model (DHPMAT-MM). Covidence was used to screen, identify, capture, and achieve consensus on data extracted by the authors. Descriptive statistics were generated. A thematic analysis and conceptual synthesis were conducted.FindingsDiverse domain-specific MMs and model development, implementation, and evaluation methods were found. The spread and pattern of different MMs verified the essential DH foundations and five maturity stages of the DHPMAT-MM. An unanticipated finding was the existence of a new category of community-facing MMs. Common characteristics included:1. A dynamic lifecycle approach to digital capability maturity, which is:a. responsive to environmental changes and may improve or worsen over time;b. accumulative, incorporating the attributes of the preceding stage; andc. sequential, where no maturity stage must be skipped.2. Sociotechnical quality improvement of the DH ecosystem and MM, which includes:a. investing in the organization’s human, hardware, and software resources andb. a need to engage and improve the DH competencies of citizens.ConclusionsThe diversity in MMs and variability in methods and content can create cognitive dissonance. A metamodel like the DHPMAT-MM can logically unify the many domain-specific MMs and guide the overall implementation and evaluation of DH ecosystems and MMs over the maturity lifecycle.