bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blockchain and supply chain finance: a critical literature review at the intersection of operations, finance and law
Authors: Ioannou Ilias , Demirel Guven 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn the current environment, where the Covid-19 pandemic has exposed the vulnerabilities of the incumbent paper-based trade and supply chain finance systems, digital transformation pledges to alleviate the friction on international trade. Here, we provide a timely review of state-of-the-art industry applications and theoretical perspectives on the use of blockchain as the medium toward digitalisation for supply chain finance systems. We argue that blockchain technology has an innovation promoting role in supply chain finance solutions through reducing inefficiencies and increasing visibility between different parties, which have hitherto constituted the main challenges in this sphere. Based on a review of the academic literature as well as an analysis of the industrial solutions that have emerged, we identify and discuss the financial, operational and legal challenges encountered in supply chain financing and the promise of blockchain to address these limitations. We discuss the bottlenecks as well as the benefits of blockchain and identify some necessary conditions required for the emergence of blockchain-enabled trade and supply chain financing, such as the establishment of co-opetition among supply chain actors, integration with IoT systems for data quality, and reform of regulatory and legal frameworks. We conclude by identifying promising research directions about the implementation process, inviting further research into the transformation of business models toward a more collaborative nature.
Regulatory Acceptance of Patient-Reported Outcome (PRO) Data from Bring-Your-Own-Device (BYOD) Solutions to Support Medical Product Labeling Claims
Authors: Mowlem Florence D. , Tenaerts Pamela , Gwaltney Chad , Oakley-Girvan Ingrid 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBring-your-own-device (BYOD) methods for collecting patient-reported outcome (PRO) data in clinical trials can decrease patient burden and improve data quality. However, adoption of BYOD in clinical trials is limited by the absence of publicly available case studies where BYOD PRO data supported regulatory medical product approvals. Anecdotally, we are aware of multiple examples where efficacy and safety label claims were based on BYOD PRO data; however—except for one—these examples have not been made public. The absence of these case studies can lead sponsors to be hesitant to use BYOD for capturing primary and secondary PRO-based endpoints in their trials. This commentary outlines the context of the issue faced and concludes with a call for sponsor transparency with regard to BYOD use through publicizing where approved labeling claims were based on BYOD data. We suggest how this data could be systematically captured going forward. Sharing this information will benefit the clinical trials enterprise by increasing confidence in the utilization of BYOD and provide opportunities to enhance patient-centricity.
Review of Machine Learning Approach on Credit Card Fraud Detection
Authors: Bin Sulaiman Rejwan , Schetinin Vitaly , Sant Paul 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMassive usage of credit cards has caused an escalation of fraud. Usage of credit cards has resulted in the growth of online business advancement and ease of the e-payment system. The use of machine learning (methods) are adapted on a larger scale to detect and prevent fraud. ML algorithms play an essential role in analysing customer data. In this research article, we have conducted a comparative analysis of the literature review considering the ML techniques for credit card fraud detection (CCFD) and data confidentiality. In the end, we have proposed a hybrid solution, using the neural network (ANN) in a federated learning framework. It has been observed as an effective solution for achieving higher accuracy in CCFD while ensuring privacy.
Comparison of the Effects of Intravenous Sedatives on Outcome in Adult Critically ill Patients: a Bayesian Network Analysis
Authors: Xu Jing-Yuan , Wu Zong-Sheng , Chang Wei , Lu Zhong-Hua , Yang Yi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
This Bayesian network analysis was performed to assess the effects of different intravenous sedatives on outcomes in adult critically ill patients.

Methods
We searched for and gathered data from MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Elsevier and Web of Science databases. Bayesian network analysis was performed to evaluate the effect of different intravenous sedatives on outcome in adult critically ill patients. Random errors were evaluated by trial sequential analysis (TSA).

Results
Twenty-seven studies including 8,599 critically ill adult patients were enrolled in the analysis. Comparisons among lorazepam, midazolam, propofol, dexmedetomidine, haloperidol and placebo or usual care were presented in a network plot. No significant differences were found for longest mortality in critically ill patients. However, when compared with midazolam, dexmedetomidine had a shorter ICU length of stay and a lower incidence of delirium. Meanwhile, midazolam had a longer ICU length of stay when compared with placebo, propofol and usual care. Subgroup analyses were performed respectively in sepsis, invasive ventilated patients and postoperative patients, as well as patients with higher severity of disease. Lower mortality was found in dexmedetomidine group when compared with placebo in postoperative patients. No differences were found for mortality, ICU length of stay and incidence of delirium in other subgroups. When compared with other sedatives, dexmedetomidine shortened ICU length of stay significantly in ventilated patients. TSA indicated lack of firm evidence for a beneficial effect.

Conclusions
No differences were found for longest mortality of different sedatives in adult critically ill patients. However, when compared with midazolam, dexmedetomidine had a shorter ICU length of stay and a lower incidence of delirium. TSA indicated lack of firm evidence for the results. More powered, randomized, controlled trials are needed to determine the effects.
082 Efficacy and Safety of Hyaluronic Acid Filler Injection as Compared to Polylactic Acid Filler for Temporary Penile Augmentation: A Multi-Center, Patient/Evaluator-Blinded, Randomized Control Trial with a Safety Extension
Authors: Ahn ST , Cho SB , Lee HS , Han DE , Lee DH , Shim JS , Kim SW , Moon DG 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Soft tissue augmentation using hyaluronic acid (HA) filler has grown rapidly in recent years, while clinical studies, especially randomized control trial, in penile augmentation (PA) using HA filler rarely conducted.

Objective
This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of HA filler injection for temporary PA as compared to polylactic acid (PLA) filler.

Methods
The present prospective, patient/evaluator-blinded, multi-center study randomized 74 patients with small penis syndrome, which defined as the anxiety felt when one's penis is being observed because of concern that the penis is small, to HA filler injection or PLA filler injection for PA. Penile girth and satisfaction, were assessed at baseline and at 4, 12, and 24 weeks after injection. Safety profile evaluation was extended for 48 weeks for HA filler injection group.

Results
Grossly, both filler materials were evenly distributed, and led to a significant volume expansion for up to 24 weeks post-injection (Figure 1) In both group, mean penile girths significantly increased at 4 weeks post-injection (2.7±1.0 and 2.3±1.1 cm mean increases in the HA and PLA groups, respectively; each p&lt;0.001). Although, both filler gradually decreased, penile girth increases adequately lasted for 24 weeks (2.3±1.3 and 2.0±0.9 cm mean increases from baseline in the HA and PLA groups, respectively; each p&lt;0.001). (Figure 2) Satisfactions for penile appearance and sexual life were significantly increased at 24 week in both group. Adverse event related to filler injection were reported in 2 (5.56%) and 3 (7.89%) patients in HA and PLA groups, respectively during 24 weeks. And 1 case was recorded after extensions for 48weeks for HA group.

Conclusion
HA filler was similarly effective with PLA filler for temporary PA in men with small-penis syndrome and can be used safely for a long time until 48 weeks.
100 Long Term Impact of LDR Brachytherapy for Prostate Cancer on Erectile Function: Single Centre Tertiary Referral Outcomes with 8-Year Follow Up
Authors: Katelaris A , Browne L , Bucci J , Malouf D , Thompson J 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Low dose rate (LDR) brachytherapy is an established treatment for localised low and intermediate risk prostate cancer, whereby multiple radioactive seeds are permanently implanted into the prostate. Brachytherapy is considered to be a less invasive option with a more favourable side effect profile compared to radical prostatectomy. Erectile dysfunction (ED) is still common after brachytherapy further understanding of this relationship would enable enhanced patient counselling.

Objective
To assess rate and severity of ED following LDR Brachytherapy monotherapy for low and intermediate risk prostate cancer in a tertiary referral centre.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective observational cohort study of patients who underwent LDR Brachytherapy as monotherapy in our institution between 2002 -2019. We extracted and analysed data from a prospective database obtaining baseline demographic data and simplified International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) scores at regular intervals during follow up. The proportion of patients in each IIEF-5 category: severe ED (&lt;12), moderate ED (12-16), mild ED (17-21) and no ED (22-25) were recorded at baseline, at regular intervals for up to 8 years. The degree of ED was assessed by calculating the mean differences between baseline (n=1017) and values at various timepoints; 6 weeks (1-3 months, n=905), 6 months (3-9 months, n=884), 1 year (9-18months, n=838), 2 years (18-30 months, n=705), 3 years, (30-48 months, n=561), 5 years (48-72 months, n= 489) and 8 years (72-120 months, n=262).

Results
A total of 1491 suitable patients were identified. Baseline IIEF scores were available for 1017 patients. The median age was 63 (40-84), with 98% of patients being between 50 and 80. The proportion of patients with severe ED doubles at 6 weeks, and remains similar throughout the duration of follow up, as can be seen in Figure 1. The distribution of IIEF-5 scores overtime are seen in figure 2. Compared to baseline, at 6 weeks the mean difference in IIEF score is -6.37 (p&lt;0.001), which is also similar to the remainder of the follow up period, with a mean difference of -7.45 at 8 years (p&lt;0.001). These results are seen in Table 1.

Conclusion
Patients who underwent LDR brachytherapy experienced a mild, early decline in sexual function, which may be explained by the implantation procedure. Sexual function then remained relatively stable with no significant further late deterioration over the subsequent 5-10 years, aside from a slight decrease which would be expected with aging. The majority of patients with no dysfunction at baseline experienced at least mild early and long-term ED over time. We plan to build on this study by conducting multi-variate analysis for predictors of ED post brachytherapy.
101 Testosterone (T) Challenge in Men Post-Radical Prostatectomy (RP) with Profoundly Low Testosterone
Authors: Martinez J Flores , Mulhall JP , Deveci S , Matsushita K , Torremade J , Salter CA 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Prostate specific antigen is the primary marker of prostate cancer recurrence. PSA secretion is T dependent with T levels below saturation point associated with sub-optimal PSA production. Men with an undetectable PSA level after RP with very low T levels might have an artificially low PSA level.

Objective
We aimed to evaluate the effects of raising T level in such men.

Methods
Study population consisted of (i) men post-RP (ii) with undetectable PSA level (iii) total T levels &lt;200 ng/dl (two levels, LCMS) who (iv) underwent in-office intramuscular injection of 100mg of T cypionate (v) had a PSA level checked 5 days later, and if undetectable every month after that, 3 months later then every 6 months and (vi) follow-up of at least 24 months on T therapy.

Results
22 men have been challenged thus far. Mean age 62±18 years. Mean preoperative PSA 6.2. Mean post-RP TT value 140± 35 ng/dL 2.2. Median Gleason sum 7. 23% had GS ≥8. Mean post-RP, pre-challenge T value 140± 35 ng/dL. Mean time post-RP to challenge was 7± 9 months. Mean TT value 5 days after IMT challenge 640± 220 ng/dL, all with TT levels above 400. 5/22 has a PSA elevation, 2 immediately after IMT challenge (PSA values 0.07, 0.08). All other men started T therapy immediately and had PSA elevation at 9, 14 and 22 months after commencing T therapy (PSA values 0.08, 0.12, 0.11). All patients with PSA elevation had continued rise in PSA and had detectable disease on imaging. All men with PSA recurrence had either GS 7 with unfavorable pathology (2) or GS ≥8 (3).

Conclusions
This T challenge approach permits the early detection of prostate cancer recurrence permitting early intervention. About 10% of such men had a PSA rise immediately after T challenge.

Disclosure
Work supported by industry: no.
114 Novel 3D MRI Fusion Penile Imaging Modality for Peyronie's Disease: A Pilot Study
Authors: Pincus J , Lerner M , Sanekommu G , Ottaiano N , Raheem O 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Penile imaging for Peyronie's disease (PD) can be challenging. Traditional cross-sectional imaging modalities such as computerized tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can delineate and characterize pathological penile anomalies; however, limitation in imaging interpretations do exist. Optimal imaging of the penis aids in surgical planning and patient counseling.

Objective
In this study, we aim to utilize a novel three-dimensional (3D) MRI fusion penile imaging modality for men undergoing surgical reconstruction for PD.

Methods
Men with PD, palpable plaques, and deformed corpora were included in this study. We obtained preoperative cross-sectional MRI penile images and Sexual Health Inventory for Men (SHIM) Questionnaire (SHIM) scores on all included patients. We fused MRI images with Ceevra (Ceevra, Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA) 3D imaging software to develop detailed imaging aiding surgical reconstruction. 3D models were used for preoperative patient counseling and surgical planning as well as intraoperatively.

Results
A total of six patients were included, 3 African American men and 3 White men. The mean age was 65 and mean BMI was 35. There was no difference in preoperative SHIM scores (4 severe and 2 mild erectile dysfunction). Preoperative MRI images were fused with Ceevra software to develop detailed 3D models of corporal plaques and its related structures. The 3D models were easily accessible to surgeons during preoperative clinic visits and at time of reconstruction (Figure 1).

Conclusions
In this study, 3D MRI fusion penile imaging for PD has emerged as a potential preoperative advanced imaging modality useful for preoperative counseling and planning, especially in complex PD cases. Further evaluation is prerequisite to evaluate its potential role in aiding intraoperative decision making.

Disclosure
Work supported by industry: no.
128 Long-Term Outcomes of Testosterone Replacement Therapy for Patients with Late-Onset Hypogonadism Syndrome
Authors: Ohira S , Jo T , Kakumae S , Nakatsuka T , Morinaka H , Takasaki H , Hirata K , Sugiyama S , Shimizu S , Kaifu M , Fujii T , Miyaji Y , Nagai A 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction and Objective
Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) is effective for patients with late onset hypogonadism (LOH) syndrome. However, treatment compliance of long-term TRT for LOH syndrome patients remains unclear. We investigated the long-term outcomes of TRT for patients with LOH syndrome.

Methods
Forty-two patients (age: mean 55.9, SD 10.2) were diagnosed and then underwent TRT using testosterone enanthate between January 2010 and December 2014 at our hospital. We investigated long-term compliance of TRT, changes of subjective data, i.e. aging male symptom (AMS score) and, international index of erectile function (IIEF5), and objective data, i.e. free testosterone level and, serum PSA level, retrospectively. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of our facility (Approval No.3043).

Results
At the time of TRT initiation, AMS score (mean, as mentioned below) was 55.1 (SD 10.1) points, IIEF5 was 7.9 (SD 3.8) points, free testosterone level was 5.8 (SD 1.9) pg/ml, and serum PSA level was 1.3 (SD 1.6) ng/ml. The duration of TRT was 27.7 (SD 29.4) months. Dose of testosterone enanthate was 183.1 (SD 69.2) mg/4weeks. AMS score and IIEF5 were significantly improved after TRT. Adverse events (AE) occurred in 9.6% of the patients, but these were no severe AE. TRT continuation rate was 50.0% at 12 months, 40.5% at 24 months, 35.7% at 36 months, and 33.3% at 48 months. In addition, there was a significantly higher rate in the group with severe AMS scores than in mild-moderate groups. In the discontinuation group of 25 patients (59.5%), the duration of treatment was significantly longer in the improvement group than in the ineffective group.

Conclusions
Testosterone replacement therapy for late onset hypogonadism syndrome is a safe and effective long-term treatment. The treatment continuation analysis showed that patients with severe AMS scores and better effect of TRT requested long-term treatment.

Disclosure
Work supported by industry: no.
140 Effect of Androgen Replacement Therapy on Erectile Function Through Histological Recovery in Castrated Rats
Authors: Kataoka T , Hotta Y , Kimura K 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Androgens are essential for physical activity in males and normal erectile function. Reportedly, androgen deficiency causes erectile dysfunction through tissue damage in the corpus cavernosum. We previously reported that delayed androgen replacement therapy improved erectile function in rats through histological recovery.

Objective
To investigate the mechanism of the recovery process by androgen replacement therapy in rats.

Methods
Twelve-week-old male Wistar ST rats were used in this study. The rats were assigned to the following groups: castrated (Cast), castrated with subcutaneous administration of testosterone undecanoate (25 mg/kg; Cast+T), and sham (Sham). Cast+T rats received subcutaneous doses of testosterone, beginning from 4 weeks after castration, whereas Sham and Cast rats received only the vehicle. Erectile function was assessed by evaluating intracavernosal pressure (ICP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) after electrical stimulation of the cavernous nerve at 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks after testosterone administration. mRNA expression of histological factors (Cavin-1, Cavin-2, Cavin-3, α-SMA, VEGF-R, ICAM-1, and TGF-β1) was tested using real-time PCR.

Results
The ratio of ICP to MAP was 0.26 ± 0.04 in the 4th week for the Cast group, and the erectile function was significantly lower than that of the Sham group (0.61 ± 0.03; p &lt;0.05). On the other hand, in the Cast+T group, it changed over time from 0.41 ± 0.06 in the 1st week, 0.44 ± 0.04 in the 2nd week, 0.48 ± 0.04 in the 4th week, to 0.70 ± 0.03 in the 8th week, and erectile function was significantly improved 8 weeks after the testosterone administration (p &lt;0.05). The Cavin-1 and Cavin-2 mRNA expressions were increased in the Cast+T group compared to the Cast group at all times (P &lt;0.01). α-SMA, VEGF-R, ICAM-1, and TGF-β1 mRNA expressions were also increased in the Cast+T group, as compared to the Cast group (P &lt;0.01).

Conclusions
In this study, we identified that androgen replacement therapy in rats would improve ED. This may be because the administration of testosterone improved histological recovery. It has been reported that these caveolae-related factors control the invagination structure of the cell membrane, and that caveolae in endothelial cells are also involved in the production of nitric oxide (NO), which might contribute to the therapeutic effect of androgen replacement therapy. Increase in the expression of these caveolae-related factors may regenerate smooth muscle and corpus cavernosum structures.

Disclosure
Work supported by industry: no.
141 A Meta-Analysis of Psychological Factors and Pain Catastrophizing of Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome (CP/CPPS)
Authors: Huang X. 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) is a chronic disease with a variety of psychosocial and somatic symptoms. CP/CPPS has substantial health care costs with unclear etiology, which may be caused by psychosocial factors. Moreover, previous studies suggested that cognitive processes played a crucial role in the perception of somatic pain.

Objective
Therefore, the aim of this meta‑analysis was to analyze the psychosocial characteristics in men with CP/CPPS, especially the symptom of pain catastrophizing.

Methods
Relevant publications were searched in different databases including PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Google Scholar and the Cochran Library using the search terms of “Chronic prostatitis”, “Chronic pelvic pain syndrome”, “Psychosocial” and “Catastrophizing”. The prevalence of psychological factors and pain catastrophizing in men with CP/CPPS were extracted and calculated.

Results
Ten studies inclusive of 1,308 patients were included. Analysis of NIH‑CPSI scores showed that the severity of CP/CPPS was 23.20 (95% CI: 21.13–25.28). The severity of pain catastrophizing was 13.81 (95% CI: 9.83–17.79) estimated by coping strategies questionnaire (CSQ), while the severity of pain catastrophizing was 24.83 (95% CI: 9.19–40.47) estimated by pain catastrophizing scale (PCS). The prevalence of psychosocial symptom was 0.43 (95% CI: 0.32–0.55), while the prevalence of pain catastrophizing was 0.26 (95% CI: 0.21–0.31).

Conclusions
The psychological factors and pain catastrophizing in men with CP/CPPS was serious.
Furthermore, the prevalence of psychosocial symptom and pain catastrophizing was high. There might be a link between pain catastrophizing and somatic symptoms in CPPS. Thus, further prospective studies are needed to evaluate the importance of psychosocial factors in symptom severity of CP/CPPS.

Disclosure
Work supported by industry: no.