bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High rates of daytime river metabolism are an underestimated component of carbon cycling
Authors: Tromboni Flavia , Hotchkiss Erin R. , Schechner Anne E. , Dodds Walter K. , Poulson Simon R. , Chandra Sudeep 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRiver metabolism and, thus, carbon cycling are governed by gross primary production and ecosystem respiration. Traditionally river metabolism is derived from diel dissolved oxygen concentrations, which cannot resolve diel changes in ecosystem respiration. Here, we compare river metabolism derived from oxygen concentrations with estimates from stable oxygen isotope signatures (δ18O2) from 14 sites in rivers across three biomes using Bayesian inverse modeling. We find isotopically derived ecosystem respiration was greater in the day than night for all rivers (maximum change of 113 g O2 m−2 d−1, minimum of 1 g O2 m−2 d−1). Temperature (20 °C) normalized rates of ecosystem respiration and gross primary production were 1.1 to 87 and 1.5 to 22-fold higher when derived from oxygen isotope data compared to concentration data. Through accounting for diel variation in ecosystem respiration, our isotopically-derived rates suggest that ecosystem respiration and microbial carbon cycling in rivers is more rapid than predicted by traditional methods.
IL-33 induces granzyme C expression in murine mast cells via an MSK1/2-CREB-dependent pathway
Authors: Phair Iain R. , Sumoreeah Megan C. , Scott Niamh , Spinelli Laura , Arthur J. Simon C. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractGranzymes comprise a group of proteases involved in the killing of infected or cancerous cells by the immune system. Although best studied in T cells and natural killer (NK) cells, they are also expressed in some innate immune cells. Granzymes B and C are encoded in the mouse chymase locus that also encodes a number of mast cell-specific proteases. In line with this, mast cells can express granzyme B, although how this is regulated and their ability to express other granzymes is less well studied. We therefore examined how IL-33, a cytokine able to activate mast cells but not induce degranulation, regulated granzyme B and C levels in mast cells. Granzyme C, but not B, mRNA was strongly up-regulated in bone marrow-derived mast cells following IL-33 stimulation and there was a corresponding increase in granzyme C protein. These increases in both granzyme C mRNA and protein were blocked by a combination of the p38α/β MAPK inhibitor VX745 and the MEK1/2 inhibitor PD184352, which blocks the activation of ERK1/2. ERK1/2 and p38α activate the downstream kinases, mitogen and stress-activated kinases (MSK) 1 and 2, and IL-33 stimulated the phosphorylation of MSK1 and its substrate CREB in an ERK1/2 and p38-dependent manner. The promoter for granzyme C contains a potential CREB-binding site. Bone marrow-derived mast cells from either MSK1/2 double knockout or CREB Ser133Ala knockin mice were unable to up-regulate granzyme C. Together these results indicate that IL-33-induced granzyme C expression in mast cells is regulated by an MSK1/2-CREB-dependent pathway.
Nano‐gold micelles loaded Dox and Elacridar for reversing drug resistance of breast cancer
Authors: Wen Liu‐Jing , Wang Yue‐Sheng , Zhang Jie 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study was to provide a new effective carrier for rescuing the sensitivity of drug‐resistant in breast cancer cells. Nano‐gold micelles loaded with Dox and Elacridar (FP‐ssD@A‐E) were chemically synthesised. With the increase in the amount of Dox and Elacridar, the encapsulation rate of FP‐ssD@A‐E gradually increased, and the drug loading rate gradually decreased. FP‐ss@A‐E had a sustained‐release effect. Dox, Elacridar, FP‐ss@AuNPs, and FP‐ssD@A‐E significantly improved cell apoptosis, in which, FP‐ssD@A‐E was the most significant. FP‐ssD@A‐E significantly decreased the cell viability and improved the Dox uptake. The levels of VEGFR‐1, P‐gp, IL‐6, and i‐NOS were significantly decreased after Dox, Dox + Elacridar, FP‐ss@AuNPs, and FP‐ssD@A‐E treatment. It was worth noting that FP‐ssD@A‐E had the most significant effects. The prepared FP‐ssD@A‐E micelles, which were spherical in shape, uniform in particle size distribution, and had good drug loading performance and encapsulation efficiency.
Time-dependent Monte Carlo continuum radiative transfer
Authors: Bensberg A. , Wolf S. 
Published: November 2022

Context. Variability is a characteristic feature of young stellar objects that is caused by various underlying physical processes. Multi-epoch observations in the optical and infrared combined with radiative transfer simulations are key to study these processes in detail.
Aims. We present an implementation of an algorithm for 3D time-dependent Monte Carlo radiative transfer. It allows one to simulate temperature distributions as well as images and spectral energy distributions of the scattered light and thermal reemission radiation for variable illuminating and heating sources embedded in dust distributions, such as circumstellar disks and dust shells on time scales up to weeks.
Methods. We extended the publicly available 3D Monte Carlo radiative transfer code POLARIS with efficient methods for the simulation of temperature distributions, scattering, and thermal reemission of dust distributions illuminated by temporally variable radiation sources. The influence of the chosen temporal step width and the number of photon packages per time step as key parameters for a given configuration is shown by simulating the temperature distribution in a spherical envelope around an embedded central star. The effect of the optical depth on the temperature simulation is discussed for the spherical envelope as well as for a model of a circumstellar disk with an embedded star. Finally, we present simulations of an outburst of a star surrounded by a circumstellar disk.
Results. The presented algorithm for time-dependent 3D continuum Monte Carlo radiative transfer is a valuable basis for preparatory studies as well as for the analysis of continuum observations of the dusty environment around variable sources, such as accreting young stellar objects. In particular, the combined study of light echos in the optical and near-infrared wavelength range and the corresponding time-dependent thermal reemission observables of variable, for example outbursting sources, becomes possible on all involved spatial scales.
Star formation in IC1396: Kinematics and subcluster structure revealed by Gaia
Authors: Pelayo-Baldárrago Mara E. , Sicilia-Aguilar Aurora , Fang Min , Roccatagliata Veronica , Kim Jinyoung Serena , García-Álvarez David 
Published: November 2022

Aims. We investigate the star formation history of the IC1396 region by studying its kinematics and completing the population census.
Methods. We used multiwavelength data, combining optical spectroscopy to identify and classify new members and near-infrared photometry to trace shocks, jets, and outflows as well as the interactions between the cluster members and the cloud. We also used Gaia EDR3 data to identify new potential members in the multidimensional proper motion and parallax space.
Results. The revised Gaia EDR3 distance is 925±73 pc, slightly closer than previously obtained with DR2. The Gaia data reveal four distinct subclusters in the region. These subclusters are consistent in distance but display differences in proper motion. This result, with their age differences, hints toward a complex and varied star formation history. The Gaia data also unveil intermediate-mass objects that tend to evade spectroscopic and disk surveys. Our analysis has allowed us to identify 334 new members. We estimate an average age of ∼4 Myr, confirming previous age estimates. With the new members added to our study, we estimate a disk fraction of 28%, lower than previous values, due to our method detecting mainly new, diskless, intermediate-mass stars. We find age differences between the subclusters, which offers evidence of a complex star formation history with different episodes of star formation.
Probleme der Digitalisierung sowie Protest gegen das Finanzstabilisierungsgesetz
Authors: Sucker Christoph , Koscielny Jürgen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWiederholt hatte der Vorstand des Berufsverbandes der Deutschen Hämostaseologen (BDDH) in Übereinstimmung mit anderen Berufs- und Ärzteverbänden auf die massiven Probleme der Digitalisierung im Gesundheitswesen hingewiesen. Ärzte waren sich weitgehend einig, dass die Digitalisierung in der aktuellen Form aufgrund fehlender Akzeptanz und massiven technischen Problemen nicht umsetzbar sein wird und zum Scheitern verurteilt ist.
Modular Synthesis of New Pyrroloquinoline Quinone Derivatives
Authors: Daumann Lena J. , Janßen Rachel , Vetsova Violeta A. , Putz Dominik , Mayer Peter 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) is an important cofactor of methanol dehydrogenases and glycose dehydrogenases. In addition, isolated PQQ is used as a central component in sensors and biomimetic complexes. The synthesis of PQQ derivatives is of interest for developing new alcohol oxidation catalysts and redox sensors. This work describes a modular synthesis for derivatives of PQQ bearing methyl and ketone groups instead of carboxylic acid moieties. These modifications reduce the possible coordination sites of PQQ for metal ions outside the protein environment.
Mortality of Escalation and Modulation Antithrombotic Therapy in Coronary Artery Disease Patients: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Shao Qiao-Yu , Wang Zhi-Jian , Ma Xiao-Teng , Wang Yu-Fei , Li Qiu-Xuan , Yang Zhi Qiang , Lin Xu-Ze , Pan Liu , Gao Fei , Yang Li Xia , Liang Jing , Zhou Yu-Jie 
Published: November 2022

Background The net clinical benefit of antithrombotic therapy (ATT) reflects the concomitant effects of bleeding and ischemic events.
Objectives We sought to assess the overall effect of the modulation or escalation of ATT on all-cause mortality as well as ischemic and bleeding events.
Methods We performed a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing escalation or modulation of ATT versus standard ATT in patients with coronary artery disease. A total of 32 studies with 160,659 subjects were enrolled in this analysis.
Results Neither escalation nor modulation of ATT has significant effect on all-cause mortality (escalation: relative risk [RR]: 0.94, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.85–1.04; modulation: RR: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.81–1.01). Compared with standard ATT therapy, escalation of ATT was associated with lower risk of myocardial infarction (MI; RR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.76–0.94), but had a higher risk of major or minor bleeding (RR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.15–1.66). Modulation of ATT was associated with a similar risk of MI (RR: 1.07, 95% CI: 0.96–1.19), but a reduced risk for major or minor bleeding (RR: 0.58, 95% CI: 0.51–0.66). Meta-regression combining both escalation and modulation studies found that the heterogeneity of all-cause mortality was mainly attributed to the heterogeneity of major or minor bleeding (adjusted R-squared = 100.00%, p = 0.004), but not to MI.
Conclusion Either escalation or modulation of ATT has little benefit in all-cause mortality. The variability of the treatment effects on all-cause mortality was mainly attributed to the variability of major or minor bleeding, but not to MI.
Development of gamma-ray-induced positron age–momentum correlation measurement
Authors: Taira Yoshitaka , Yamamoto Ryohei , Sugita Kento , Okano Yasuaki , Hirade Tetsuya , Namizaki Shogo , Ogawa Toshio , Adachi Yoshitaka 
Published: November 2022

In conventional positron annihilation spectroscopy using radioisotopes, source contributions are unavoidable since positrons annihilate in the material covering the radioisotopes. Part of the positrons annihilate within the radioisotopes even when radioisotopes are deposited directly on a sample. Gamma-ray-induced positron annihilation spectroscopy makes it possible to measure only the spectra of a sample without source contributions since positrons are directly generated inside the sample from the gamma rays by pair production and annihilate inside the same sample. In this study, a new positron age–momentum correlation measurement system using ultrashort pulsed gamma rays is developed. The gamma rays with an energy of 6.6 MeV are generated by the inverse Thomson scattering of laser photons by high-energy electrons and are irradiated to the sample. The laser pulse can fully control the timing of gamma-ray generation. This characteristic and the use of a digital oscilloscope with a 12-bit vertical resolution enable us to develop a simple measurement system. Time-resolved momentum distributions for stainless steel with no defects and deformed interstitial free steel show the explicit differences reflecting the type of defect; for BaF2 single crystals, the results have been interpreted by considering the formation of positronium.
Stable α-FAPbI3 via porous PbI2 for efficient perovskite solar cells
Authors: Xu Tie , Cai Hongkun , Ye Xiaofang , Zhu Yinbin , Ni Jian , Li Juan , Zhang Jianjun 
Published: November 2022

Black-phase formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3), with a narrow bandgap and high thermal stability, has emerged as an in-demand material for highly efficient perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In a two-step sequential deposition, the PbI2 film plays an important role in the formation of a perovskite film with desirable qualities. This paper explores using N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), a strong Lewis base, and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) as a mixed precursor solvent (DMF/NMP) of PbI2 and reports on preparing PbI2 films with a porous morphology by thermal treatment. Porous PbI2 films ensure the diffusion and sufficient reaction of the formamidinium iodide solution to form a smooth perovskite film. In addition, a dynamic spin coating method is also introduced to improve the uniformity of the perovskite film. Both methods yield a pure α-phase FAPbI3 film immediately in the unannealed state, which is necessary for the perovskite film to maintain phase stability. Finally, PSCs with a power conversion efficiency of 21.20% (0.13 cm2) are fabricated and optimized. The unencapsulated PSCs retain 90% of the initial efficiency for 1000 hours in dry air and exhibit a good thermal stability when heated to 85 °C.
A history of CSIRO’s Central Australian Laboratory 2, 1980–2018: interdisciplinary land research
Authors: Friedel Margaret H. , Morton Stephen R. , Bastin Gary N. , Davies Jocelyn , Stafford Smith D. Mark 
Published: November 2022

In the first 27 years of the Central Australian Laboratory (CAL), to 1980, research focussed almost entirely on the needs of the pastoral industry. By the 1980s, ongoing campaigns for Aboriginal land rights and demands to conserve biodiversity plainly showed that there were other land uses deserving research attention. Initially CAL’s research agenda expanded to include conservation in spinifex grasslands and grazing lands but remained biophysical in nature. It subsequently became clear that people’s roles in decision-making about land use and management should be part of research. By the 2000s, scientists were able to build trusting relationships with Aboriginal people and organisations and undertake collaborative studies to improve livelihoods and wellbeing on country. Over the 38 years from 1980 to 2018, CAL’s research activities responded to diverse societal expectations but it was not enough to prevent the laboratory’s eventual closure as public investment in rangelands dwindled.
Phloretin enhances remyelination by stimulating oligodendrocyte precursor cell differentiation
Authors: Dierckx Tess , Vanherle Sam , Haidar Mansour , Grajchen Elien , Mingneau Fleur , Gervois Pascal , Wolfs Esther , Bylemans Dany , Voet Arnout , Nguyen Tien , Hamad Ibrahim , Kleinewietfeld Markus , Bogie Jeroen F. J. , Hendriks Jerome J. A. 
Published: November 2022

Failure of remyelination underlies the progressive nature of demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis. Why endogenous repair mechanisms frequently fail in these disorders is poorly understood. However, there is now evidence indicating that this is related to an overly inflammatory microenvironment combined with the intrinsic inability of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) to differentiate into mature myelinating cells. Previously, we found that phloretin, a flavonoid abundantly present in apples and strawberries, reduces neuroinflammation by driving macrophages toward an antiinflammatory phenotype. Here, we show that phloretin also markedly stimulates remyelination in ex vivo and in vivo animal models. Improved remyelination was attributed to a direct impact of phloretin on OPC maturation and occurred independently from alterations in microglia function and inflammation. We found, mechanistically, that phloretin acts as a direct ligand for the fatty acid sensing nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, thereby promoting the maturation of OPCs. Together, our findings indicate that phloretin has proregenerative properties in central nervous system disorders, with potentially broad implications for the development of therapeutic strategies and dietary interventions aimed at promoting remyelination.
SOX9 and SOX10 control fluid homeostasis in the inner ear for hearing through independent and cooperative mechanisms
Authors: Szeto Irene Y. Y. , Chu Daniel K. H. , Chen Peikai , Chu Ka Chi , Au Tiffany Y. K. , Leung Keith K. H. , Huang Yong-Heng , Wynn Sarah L. , Mak Angel C. Y. , Chan Ying-Shing , Chan Wood Yee , Jauch Ralf , Fritzsch Bernd , Sham Mai Har , Lovell-Badge Robin , Cheah Kathryn S. E. 
Published: November 2022

The in vivo mechanisms underlying dominant syndromes caused by mutations in SRY-Box Transcription Factor 9 (
SOX9
) and
SOX10
(
SOXE
) transcription factors, when they either are expressed alone or are coexpressed, are ill-defined. We created a mouse model for the campomelic dysplasia

SOX9
Y440X

mutation, which truncates the transactivation domain but leaves DNA binding and dimerization intact. Here, we find that

SOX9
Y440X

causes deafness via distinct mechanisms in the endolymphatic sac (ES)/duct and cochlea. By contrast, conditional heterozygous
Sox9
-null mice are normal. During the ES development of

Sox9
Y440X/+

heterozygotes,
Sox10
and genes important for ionic homeostasis are down-regulated, and there is developmental persistence of progenitors, resulting in fewer mature cells.
Sox10
heterozygous null mutants also display persistence of ES/duct progenitors. By contrast, SOX10 retains its expression in the early

Sox9
Y440X/+

mutant cochlea. Later, in the postnatal stria vascularis, dominant interference by SOX9
Y440X
is implicated in impairing the normal cooperation of SOX9 and SOX10 in repressing the expression of the water channel Aquaporin 3, thereby contributing to endolymphatic hydrops. Our study shows that for a functioning endolymphatic system in the inner ear, SOX9 regulates
Sox10
, and depending on the cell type and target gene, it works either independently of or cooperatively with SOX10. SOX9
Y440X
can interfere with the activity of both SOXE factors, exerting effects that can be classified as haploinsufficient/hypomorphic or dominant negative depending on the cell/gene context. This model of disruption of transcription factor partnerships may be applicable to congenital deafness, which affects ∼0.3% of newborns, and other syndromic disorders.
Superenhancer drives a tumor-specific splicing variant of MARCO to promote triple-negative breast cancer progression
Authors: Yang Yun-Song , Jin Xi , Li Qin , Chen Yi-Yu , Chen Fenfang , Zhang Hena , Su Ying , Xiao Yi , Di Gen-Hong , Jiang Yi-Zhou , Huang Shenglin , Shao Zhi-Ming 
Published: November 2022

The transcription variation, leading to various forms of transcripts and protein diversity, remains largely unexplored in triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs). Here, we presented a comprehensive analysis of RNA splicing in breast cancer to illustrate the biological function and clinical implications of tumor-specific transcripts (TSTs) arising from these splicing junctions. Aberrant RNA splicing or TSTs were frequently harbored in TNBC and were correlated with a poor outcome. We discovered a tumor-specific splicing variant of macrophage receptor with collagenous structure–TST (MARCO-TST), which was distinguished from myeloid cell-specific wild-type MARCO. MARCO-TST expression was associated with poor outcomes in TNBC patients and could promote tumor progression in vitro and in vivo. Mechanically, MARCO-TST interacted with PLOD2 and enhanced the stability of HIF-1α, which resulted in the metabolic dysregulation of TNBC to form a hypoxic tumor microenvironment. MARCO-TST was initiated from a de novo alternative transcription initiation site that was activated by a superenhancer. Tumors with MARCO-TST expression conferred greater sensitivity to bromodomain and extraterminal protein inhibitors. This treatment strategy was further validated in patient-derived organoids. In conclusion, our results revealed the transcription variation landscape of TNBC, highlighting MARCO-TST as a crucial oncogenic transcript and therapeutic target.
Three-dimensional hybrid simulation of vacuum arc extinction considering dynamic behavior of cathode spots
Authors: Li Rui , Cao Zhiyuan , Cao Bo , Li Haomin , Sun Liqiong , Geng Yingsan , Wang Jianhua , Wang Zhenxing 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Vacuum arc extinction directly determines the plasma distribution at the current zero point, which affects the post-arc insulation recovery. In that regard, studying the extinction process to improve the post-arc insulation recovery ability is of great significance. In the extinction process, as the current decreases, cathode spots are extinguished and their distribution exhibits apparent discreteness and asymmetry, while the plasma density decays drastically. On the one hand, the discreteness of cathode spots makes the simulation setup regarding the whole cathode surface as a continuous emission source no longer applicable. On the other hand, the drastic decay of plasma density requires a simulation tool that can balance the computational efficiency and accuracy of the extinction process. To deal with these problems, the dynamic behavior of cathode spots is considered in this paper, and a three-dimensional hybrid plasma model is established. In order to simulate a more realistic situation, two applied axial magnetic field configurations for practical applications—bell-shaped and saddle-shaped configurations—are introduced. Both configurations are used to compare the position distribution and extinguishing sequence of cathode spots, as well as the evolution of plasma. More importantly, the method applied in this study can be employed to evaluate the effect of different magnetic field conditions on vacuum interruption, which would enable one to simulate the extinction process in a realistic manner.