bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temperature sensitivity of Notch signaling underlies species-specific developmental plasticity and robustness in amniote brains
Authors: Nomura Tadashi , Nagao Kohjiro , Shirai Ryo , Gotoh Hitoshi , Umeda Masato , Ono Katsuhiko 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAmbient temperature significantly affects developmental timing in animals. The temperature sensitivity of embryogenesis is generally believed to be a consequence of the thermal dependency of cellular metabolism. However, the adaptive molecular mechanisms that respond to variations in temperature remain unclear. Here, we report species-specific thermal sensitivity of Notch signaling in the developing amniote brain. Transient hypothermic conditions increase canonical Notch activity and reduce neurogenesis in chick neural progenitors. Increased biosynthesis of phosphatidylethanolamine, a major glycerophospholipid components of the plasma membrane, mediates hypothermia-induced Notch activation. Furthermore, the species-specific thermal dependency of Notch signaling is associated with developmental robustness to altered Notch signaling. Our results reveal unique regulatory mechanisms for temperature-dependent neurogenic potentials that underlie developmental and evolutionary adaptations to a range of ambient temperatures in amniotes.
Age-dependent pathogenic characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 infection in ferrets
Authors: Kim Young-Il , Yu Kwang-Min , Koh June-Young , Kim Eun-Ha , Kim Se-Mi , Kim Eun Ji , Casel Mark Anthony B. , Rollon Rare , Jang Seung-Gyu , Song Min-Suk , Park Su-Jin , Jeong Hye Won , Kim Eung-Gook , Lee Ok-Jun , Kim Yong-Dae , Choi Younho , Lee Shin-Ae , Choi Youn Jung , Park Su-Hyung , Jung Jae U. , Choi Young Ki 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWhile the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in healthy people does not differ significantly among age groups, those aged 65 years or older exhibit strikingly higher COVID-19 mortality compared to younger individuals. To further understand differing COVID-19 manifestations in patients of different ages, three age groups of ferrets are infected with SARS-CoV-2. Although SARS-CoV-2 is isolated from all ferrets regardless of age, aged ferrets (≥3 years old) show higher viral loads, longer nasal virus shedding, and more severe lung inflammatory cell infiltration, and clinical symptoms compared to juvenile (≤6 months) and young adult (1–2 years) groups. Furthermore, direct contact ferrets co-housed with the virus-infected aged group shed more virus than direct-contact ferrets co-housed with virus-infected juvenile or young adult ferrets. Transcriptome analysis of aged ferret lungs reveals strong enrichment of gene sets related to type I interferon, activated T cells, and M1 macrophage responses, mimicking the gene expression profile of severe COVID-19 patients. Thus, SARS-CoV-2-infected aged ferrets highly recapitulate COVID-19 patients with severe symptoms and are useful for understanding age-associated infection, transmission, and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2.
Achieving long cycle life for all-solid-state rechargeable Li-I2 battery by a confined dissolution strategy
Authors: Cheng Zhu , Pan Hui , Li Fan , Duan Chun , Liu Hang , Zhong Hanyun , Sheng Chuanchao , Hou Guangjin , He Ping , Zhou Haoshen 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRechargeable Li-I2 battery has attracted considerable attentions due to its high theoretical capacity, low cost and environment-friendliness. Dissolution of polyiodides are required to facilitate the electrochemical redox reaction of the I2 cathode, which would lead to a harmful shuttle effect. All-solid-state Li-I2 battery totally avoids the polyiodides shuttle in a liquid system. However, the insoluble discharge product at the conventional solid interface results in a sluggish electrochemical reaction and poor rechargeability. In this work, by adopting a well-designed hybrid electrolyte composed of a dispersion layer and a blocking layer, we successfully promote a new polyiodides chemistry and localize the polyiodides dissolution within a limited space near the cathode. Owing to this confined dissolution strategy, a rechargeable and highly reversible all-solid-state Li-I2 battery is demonstrated and shows a long-term life of over 9000 cycles at 1C with a capacity retention of 84.1%.
Unlocking surface octahedral tilt in two-dimensional Ruddlesden-Popper perovskites
Authors: Shao Yan , Gao Wei , Yan Hejin , Li Runlai , Abdelwahab Ibrahim , Chi Xiao , Rogée Lukas , Zhuang Lyuchao , Fu Wei , Lau Shu Ping , Yu Siu Fung , Cai Yongqing , Loh Kian Ping , Leng Kai 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMolecularly soft organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites are susceptible to dynamic instabilities of the lattice called octahedral tilt, which directly impacts their carrier transport and exciton-phonon coupling. Although the structural phase transitions associated with octahedral tilt has been extensively studied in 3D hybrid halide perovskites, its impact in hybrid 2D perovskites is not well understood. Here, we used scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) to directly visualize surface octahedral tilt in freshly exfoliated 2D Ruddlesden-Popper perovskites (RPPs) across the homologous series, whereby the steric hindrance imposed by long organic cations is unlocked by exfoliation. The experimentally determined octahedral tilts from n = 1 to n = 4 RPPs from STM images are found to agree very well with out-of-plane surface octahedral tilts predicted by density functional theory calculations. The surface-enhanced octahedral tilt is correlated to excitonic redshift observed in photoluminescence (PL), and it enhances inversion asymmetry normal to the direction of quantum well and promotes Rashba spin splitting for n > 1.
The legacy of the extinct Neotropical megafauna on plants and biomes
Authors: Dantas Vinicius L. , Pausas Juli G. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLarge mammal herbivores are important drivers of plant evolution and vegetation patterns, but the extent to which plant trait and ecosystem geography currently reflect the historical distribution of extinct megafauna is unknown. We address this question for South and Central America (Neotropical biogeographic realm) by compiling data on plant defence traits, climate, soil, and fire, as well as on the historical distribution of extinct megafauna and extant mammal herbivores. We show that historical mammal herbivory, especially by extinct megafauna, and soil fertility explain substantial variability in wood density, leaf size, spines and latex. We also identified three distinct regions (‘‘antiherbiomes’’), differing in plant defences, environmental conditions, and megafauna history. These patterns largely matched those observed in African ecosystems, where abundant megafauna still roams, and suggest that some ecoregions experienced savanna-to-forest shifts following megafauna extinctions. Here, we show that extinct megafauna left a significant imprint on current ecosystem biogeography.
Yeast-derived nanoparticles remodel the immunosuppressive microenvironment in tumor and tumor-draining lymph nodes to suppress tumor growth
Authors: Xu Jialu , Ma Qingle , Zhang Yue , Fei Ziying , Sun Yifei , Fan Qin , Liu Bo , Bai Jinyu , Yu Yue , Chu Jianhong , Chen Jingrun , Wang Chao 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMicrobe-based cancer immunotherapy has recently emerged as a hot topic for cancer treatment. However, serious limitations remain including infection associated side-effect and unsatisfactory outcomes in clinic trials. Here, we fabricate different sizes of nano-formulations derived from yeast cell wall (YCW NPs) by differential centrifugation. The induction of anticancer immunity of our formulations appears to inversely correlate with their size due to the ability to accumulate in tumor-draining lymph node (TDLN). Moreover, we use a percolation model to explain their distribution behavior toward TDLN. The abundance and functional orientation of each effector component are significantly improved not only in the microenvironment in tumor but also in the TDLN following small size YCW NPs treatment. In combination with programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) blockade, we demonstrate anticancer efficiency in melanoma-challenged mice. We delineate potential strategy to target immunosuppressive microenvironment by microbe-based nanoparticles and highlight the role of size effect in microbe-based immune therapeutics.
Competition between crystal growth and intracrystalline chain diffusion determines the lamellar thickness in semicrystalline polymers
Authors: Schulz Martha , Schäfer Mareen , Saalwächter Kay , Thurn-Albrecht Thomas 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe non-equilibrium thickness of lamellar crystals in semicrystalline polymers varies significantly between different polymer systems and depends on the crystallization temperature Tc. There is currently no consensus on the mechanism of thickness selection. Previous work has highlighted the decisive role of intracrystalline chain diffusion (ICD) in special cases, but a systematic dependence of lamellar thickness on relevant timescales such as that of ICD and stem attachment has not yet been established. Studying the morphology by small-angle X-ray scattering and the two timescales by NMR methods and polarization microscopy respectively, we here present data on poly(oxymethylene), a case with relatively slow ICD. It fills the gap between previously studied cases of absent and fast ICD, enabling us to establish a quantitative dependence of lamellar thickness on the competition between the noted timescales.
Microbial enzymes induce colitis by reactivating triclosan in the mouse gastrointestinal tract
Authors: Zhang Jianan , Walker Morgan E. , Sanidad Katherine Z. , Zhang Hongna , Liang Yanshan , Zhao Ermin , Chacon-Vargas Katherine , Yeliseyev Vladimir , Parsonnet Julie , Haggerty Thomas D. , Wang Guangqiang , Simpson Joshua B. , Jariwala Parth B. , Beaty Violet V. , Yang Jun , Yang Haixia , Panigrahy Anand , Minter Lisa M. , Kim Daeyoung , Gibbons John G. , Liu LinShu , Li Zhengze , Xiao Hang , Borlandelli Valentina , Overkleeft Hermen S. , Cloer Erica W. , Major Michael B. , Goldfarb Dennis , Cai Zongwei , Redinbo Matthew R. , Zhang Guodong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEmerging research supports that triclosan (TCS), an antimicrobial agent found in thousands of consumer products, exacerbates colitis and colitis-associated colorectal tumorigenesis in animal models. While the intestinal toxicities of TCS require the presence of gut microbiota, the molecular mechanisms involved have not been defined. Here we show that intestinal commensal microbes mediate metabolic activation of TCS in the colon and drive its gut toxicology. Using a range of in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo approaches, we identify specific microbial β-glucuronidase (GUS) enzymes involved and pinpoint molecular motifs required to metabolically activate TCS in the gut. Finally, we show that targeted inhibition of bacterial GUS enzymes abolishes the colitis-promoting effects of TCS, supporting an essential role of specific microbial proteins in TCS toxicity. Together, our results define a mechanism by which intestinal microbes contribute to the metabolic activation and gut toxicity of TCS, and highlight the importance of considering the contributions of the gut microbiota in evaluating the toxic potential of environmental chemicals.
Enhanced hydrogen generation by reverse spillover effects over bicomponent catalysts
Authors: Gao Zhe , Wang Guofu , Lei Tingyu , Lv Zhengxing , Xiong Mi , Wang Liancheng , Xing Shuangfeng , Ma Jingyuan , Jiang Zheng , Qin Yong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe contribution of the reverse spillover effect to hydrogen generation reactions is still controversial. Herein, the promotion functions for reverse spillover in the ammonia borane hydrolysis reaction are proven by constructing a spatially separated NiO/Al2O3/Pt bicomponent catalyst via atomic layer deposition and performing in situ quick X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) characterization. For the NiO/Al2O3/Pt catalyst, NiO and Pt nanoparticles are attached to the outer and inner surfaces of Al2O3nanotubes, respectively. In situ XANES results reveal that for ammonia borane hydrolysis, the H species generated at NiO sites spill across the support to the Pt sites reversely. The reverse spillover effects account for enhanced H2generation rates for NiO/Al2O3/Pt. For the CoOx/Al2O3/Pt and NiO/TiO2/Pt catalysts, reverse spillover effects are also confirmed. We believe that an in-depth understanding of the reverse effects will be helpful to clarify the catalytic mechanisms and provide a guide for designing highly efficient catalysts for hydrogen generation reactions.
Phenology is the dominant control of methane emissions in a tropical non-forested wetland
Authors: Helfter Carole , Gondwe Mangaliso , Murray-Hudson Michael , Makati Anastacia , Lunt Mark F. , Palmer Paul I. , Skiba Ute 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTropical wetlands are a significant source of atmospheric methane (CH4), but their importance to the global CH4 budget is uncertain due to a paucity of direct observations. Net wetland emissions result from complex interactions and co-variation between microbial production and oxidation in the soil, and transport to the atmosphere. Here we show that phenology is the overarching control of net CH4 emissions to the atmosphere from a permanent, vegetated tropical swamp in the Okavango Delta, Botswana, and we find that vegetative processes modulate net CH4 emissions at sub-daily to inter-annual timescales. Without considering the role played by papyrus on regulating the efflux of CH4 to the atmosphere, the annual budget for the entire Okavango Delta, would be under- or over-estimated by a factor of two. Our measurements demonstrate the importance of including vegetative processes such as phenological cycles into wetlands emission budgets of CH4.
3D atomic-scale imaging of mixed Co-Fe spinel oxide nanoparticles during oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Xiang Weikai , Yang Nating , Li Xiaopeng , Linnemann Julia , Hagemann Ulrich , Ruediger Olaf , Heidelmann Markus , Falk Tobias , Aramini Matteo , DeBeer Serena , Muhler Martin , Tschulik Kristina , Li Tong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe three-dimensional (3D) distribution of individual atoms on the surface of catalyst nanoparticles plays a vital role in their activity and stability. Optimising the performance of electrocatalysts requires atomic-scale information, but it is difficult to obtain. Here, we use atom probe tomography to elucidate the 3D structure of 10 nm sized Co2FeO4and CoFe2O4nanoparticles during oxygen evolution reaction (OER). We reveal nanoscale spinodal decomposition in pristine Co2FeO4. The interfaces of Co-rich and Fe-rich nanodomains of Co2FeO4become trapping sites for hydroxyl groups, contributing to a higher OER activity compared to that of CoFe2O4. However, the activity of Co2FeO4drops considerably due to concurrent irreversible transformation towards CoIVO2and pronounced Fe dissolution. In contrast, there is negligible elemental redistribution for CoFe2O4after OER, except for surface structural transformation towards (FeIII, CoIII)2O3. Overall, our study provides a unique 3D compositional distribution of mixed Co-Fe spinel oxides, which gives atomic-scale insights into active sites and the deactivation of electrocatalysts during OER.
Coupling aqueous zinc batteries and perovskite solar cells for simultaneous energy harvest, conversion and storage
Authors: Chen Peng , Li Tian-Tian , Yang Yuan-Bo , Li Guo-Ran , Gao Xue-Ping 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSimultaneously harvesting, converting and storing solar energy in a single device represents an ideal technological approach for the next generation of power sources. Herein, we propose a device consisting of an integrated carbon-based perovskite solar cell module capable of harvesting solar energy (and converting it into electricity) and a rechargeable aqueous zinc metal cell. The electrochemical energy storage cell utilizes heterostructural Co2P-CoP-NiCoO2 nanometric arrays and zinc metal as the cathode and anode, respectively, and shows a capacity retention of approximately 78% after 25000 cycles at 32 A/g. In particular, the battery cathode and perovskite material of the solar cell are combined in a sandwich joint electrode unit. As a result, the device delivers a specific power of 54 kW/kg and specific energy of 366 Wh/kg at 32 A/g and 2 A/g, respectively. Moreover, benefiting from its narrow voltage range (1.40–1.90 V), the device demonstrates an efficiency of approximately 6%, which is stable for 200 photocharge and discharge cycles.
Association of mutation signature effectuating processes with mutation hotspots in driver genes and non-coding regions
Authors: Wong John K. L. , Aichmüller Christian , Schulze Markus , Hlevnjak Mario , Elgaafary Shaymaa , Lichter Peter , Zapatka Marc 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCancer driving mutations are difficult to identify especially in the non-coding part of the genome. Here, we present sigDriver, an algorithm dedicated to call driver mutations. Using 3813 whole-genome sequenced tumors from International Cancer Genome Consortium, The Cancer Genome Atlas Program, and a childhood pan-cancer cohort, we employ mutational signatures based on single-base substitution in the context of tri- and penta-nucleotide motifs for hotspot discovery. Knowledge-based annotations on mutational hotspots reveal enrichment in coding regions and regulatory elements for 6 mutational signatures, including APOBEC and somatic hypermutation signatures. APOBEC activity is associated with 32 hotspots of which 11 are known and 11 are putative regulatory drivers. Somatic single nucleotide variants clusters detected at hypermutation-associated hotspots are distinct from translocation or gene amplifications. Patients carrying APOBEC induced PIK3CA driver mutations show lower occurrence of signature SBS39. In summary, sigDriver uncovers mutational processes associated with known and putative tumor drivers and hotspots particularly in the non-coding regions of the genome.
Genomic alterations and evolution of cell clusters in metastatic invasive micropapillary carcinoma of the breast
Authors: Shi Qianqian , Shao Kang , Jia Hongqin , Cao Boyang , Li Weidong , Dong Shichen , Liu Jian , Wu Kailiang , Liu Meng , Liu Fangfang , Zhou Hanlin , Lv Jianke , Gu Feng , Li Luyuan , Zhu Shida , Li Shuai , Li Guibo , Fu Li 
Published: January 2022

AbstractInvasive micropapillary carcinoma (IMPC) has very high rates of lymphovascular invasion and lymph node metastasis and has been reported in several organs. However, the genomic mechanisms underlying its metastasis are unclear. Here, we perform whole-genome sequencing of tumor cell clusters from primary IMPC and paired axillary lymph node metastases. Cell clusters in multiple lymph node foci arise from a single subclone of the primary tumor. We find evidence that the monoclonal metastatic ancestor in primary IMPC shares high frequency copy-number loss of PRDM16 and IGSF9 and the copy number gain of ALDH2. Immunohistochemistry analysis further shows that low expression of IGSF9 and PRDM16 and high expression of ALDH2 are associated with lymph node metastasis and poor survival of patients with IMPC. We expect these genomic and evolutionary profiles to contribute to the accurate diagnosis of IMPC.
Spatial transcriptomics using combinatorial fluorescence spectral and lifetime encoding, imaging and analysis
Authors: Vu Tam , Vallmitjana Alexander , Gu Joshua , La Kieu , Xu Qi , Flores Jesus , Zimak Jan , Shiu Jessica , Hosohama Linzi , Wu Jie , Douglas Christopher , Waterman Marian L. , Ganesan Anand , Hedde Per Niklas , Gratton Enrico , Zhao Weian 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMultiplexed mRNA profiling in the spatial context provides new information enabling basic research and clinical applications. Unfortunately, existing spatial transcriptomics methods are limited due to either low multiplexing or complexity. Here, we introduce a spatialomics technology, termed Multi Omic Single-scan Assay with Integrated Combinatorial Analysis (MOSAICA), that integrates in situ labeling of mRNA and protein markers in cells or tissues with combinatorial fluorescence spectral and lifetime encoded probes, spectral and time-resolved fluorescence imaging, and machine learning-based decoding. We demonstrate MOSAICA’s multiplexing scalability in detecting 10-plex targets in fixed colorectal cancer cells using combinatorial labeling of five fluorophores with facile error-detection and removal of autofluorescence. MOSAICA’s analysis is strongly correlated with sequencing data (Pearson’s r = 0.96) and was further benchmarked using RNAscopeTMand LGC StellarisTM. We further apply MOSAICA for multiplexed analysis of clinical melanoma Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded (FFPE) tissues. We finally demonstrate simultaneous co-detection of protein and mRNA in cancer cells.
Synthetic prodrug design enables biocatalytic activation in mice to elicit tumor growth suppression
Authors: Nasibullin Igor , Smirnov Ivan , Ahmadi Peni , Vong Kenward , Kurbangalieva Almira , Tanaka Katsunori 
Published: January 2022

AbstractConsidering the intrinsic toxicities of transition metals, their incorporation into drug therapies must operate at minimal amounts while ensuring adequate catalytic activity within complex biological systems. As a way to address this issue, this study investigates the design of synthetic prodrugs that are not only tuned to be harmless, but can be robustly transformed in vivo to reach therapeutically relevant levels. To accomplish this, retrosynthetic prodrug design highlights the potential of naphthylcombretastatin-based prodrugs, which form highly active cytostatic agents via sequential ring-closing metathesis and aromatization. Structural adjustments will also be done to improve aspects related to catalytic reactivity, intrinsic bioactivity, and hydrolytic stability. The developed prodrug therapy is found to possess excellent anticancer activities in cell-based assays. Furthermore, in vivo activation by intravenously administered glycosylated artificial metalloenzymes can also induce significant reduction of implanted tumor growth in mice.
Engineering immunomodulatory and osteoinductive implant surfaces via mussel adhesion-mediated ion coordination and molecular clicking
Authors: Wang Tao , Bai Jiaxiang , Lu Min , Huang Chenglong , Geng Dechun , Chen Gang , Wang Lei , Qi Jin , Cui Wenguo , Deng Lianfu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractImmune response and new tissue formation are important aspects of tissue repair. However, only a single aspect is generally considered in previous biomedical interventions, and the synergistic effect is unclear. Here, a dual-effect coating with immobilized immunomodulatory metal ions (e.g., Zn2+) and osteoinductive growth factors (e.g., BMP-2 peptide) is designed via mussel adhesion-mediated ion coordination and molecular clicking strategy. Compared to the bare TiO2 group, Zn2+ can increase M2 macrophage recruitment by up to 92.5% in vivo and upregulate the expression of M2 cytokine IL-10 by 84.5%; while the dual-effect of Zn2+ and BMP-2 peptide can increase M2 macrophages recruitment by up to 124.7% in vivo and upregulate the expression of M2 cytokine IL-10 by 171%. These benefits eventually significantly enhance bone-implant mechanical fixation (203.3 N) and new bone ingrowth (82.1%) compared to the bare TiO2 (98.6 N and 45.1%, respectively). Taken together, the dual-effect coating can be utilized to synergistically modulate the osteoimmune microenvironment at the bone-implant interface, enhancing bone regeneration for successful implantation.