bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The association between lung cancer stigma and race: A descriptive correlational study
Authors: McDonnell Karen Kane , Webb Lisa A. , Adams Swann A. , Felder Tisha M. , Davis Rachel E. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundStigma is a formidable burden for survivors of lung cancer that can reduce the quality of life (QOL), resulting in physical, social and psychological challenges. This study investigates associations between stigma and depression, QOL and demographic and health‐related characteristics, including race.DesignAn adapted conceptual model derived from the Cataldo Lung Cancer Stigma Scale guided this descriptive correlation study assessing stigma in African American and Caucasian survivors of lung cancer. Self‐reported, written surveys measuring depression, QOL, lung cancer stigma and demographics were administered. Statistical analysis was conducted to assess associations between stigma and depression, stigma and QOL and stigma and race, while adjusting for demographic characteristics.ResultsParticipants (N = 56) included 30 Caucasian and 26 African American survivors of lung cancer recruited from a cancer registry of an American College of Surgeons‐accredited programme, a survivors' support club and an ambulatory oncology practice in the southeastern United States. Statistical analysis yielded (1) a significant moderate positive association between depression and lung cancer stigma; (2) a significant moderate negative association between QOL and lung cancer stigma; and (3) significant relationships between race and lung cancer stigma, specifically higher degree of stigma among African Americans compared to Caucasians.ConclusionStigma affects many aspects of survivors' lives. Healthcare professionals need to consider how health‐related stigma may further complicate the physical burdens, psychological distresses and social challenges that accompany the disease, especially among African American survivors. Additional enquiry and interventions are needed to assist with mitigating the negative effects of stigma on survivors and their family members and friends.Patient or Public ContributionFifty‐six survivors of lung cancer participated in this descriptivecorrelation study. They completed written surveys measuring depression, QOL, and lung cancer stigma, plus an investigator‐developed demographic information form.
Transparent glass‐ceramics in the TeO2–InF3 system
Authors: Piotrowski Rémi , Benchorfi Hasnaa , Laval Jean‐Paul , Duclère Jean‐René , Genevois Cécile , Carles Pierre , Chenu Sébastien , Colas Maggy , Cornette Julie , Thomas Philippe , Delaizir Gaëlle 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA crystallization study of the TeO2–InF3 glass system shows that the specific glass composition 75TeO2–25InF3 stabilizes a novel cubic anti‐glass phase within the glass matrix upon heat treatment. This peculiar crystalline phase also called “glass of anions” exhibits an interesting order/disorder coexistence, that is, a long‐range cation order but with a highly disordered anion sublattice. The thermal properties, structure and microstructure of the parent glass and corresponding glass‐ceramics have been studied. Finally, the luminescence of Yb3+‐doped glass‐ceramics has been characterized, which confirmed the presence of the disordered anti‐glass phase.
Sensory description of gluten‐free bread using rapid sensory methodologies
Authors: Iwamura Lucas Shinti , Tridapalli Luiza Pelinson , Cardoso Flávia Aparecida Reitz , Droval Adriana Aparecida , Marques Leila Larisa Medeiros , Fuchs Renata Hernandez Barros 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper describes the sensory profile of gluten‐free bread prepared with teff, sorghum and yacon flours, using Check‐All‐That‐Apply (CATA) and Just‐About‐Right (JAR) methods. The sorghum flour bread was characterised by porosity, reddish colour, bread and yeast aroma, crust hardness, floury and sour aroma, and unpleasant consistency. The teff flour bread was characterised by floury flavour, salty taste, grittiness and cereal aroma. The flavour attributes of both products were judged as ideal. The yacon flour bread was characterised as sweet aroma, softness, rubbery, unpleasant taste, chewiness, moistness, adhesiveness and bitterness. The attribute sweet taste was considered beyond the ideal and salty taste below the ideal. The flour‐mixed formulation was characterised by a pleasant aroma, chewiness and springiness. The attributes salty taste, sweet taste and softness were considered ideal. The mixture of these flours contributes to obtaining gluten‐free bread with better sensory characteristics than when using these flours alone.
Fenofibrate, which reduces risk of sight‐threatening diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes, is associated with early narrowing of retinal venules: a FIELD trial substudy
Authors: Quinn Nicola , Januszewski Andrzej S. , Brazionis Laima , O'Connell Rachel , Aryal Nanda , O'Day Justin , Scott Russell , Mitchell Paul , Jenkins Alicia J. , Keech Anthony C. ,   FIELD Trial Study Group
Published: April 2022

AbstractRetinal vessel calibre metrics were evaluated at baseline and 2 years in a FIELD substudy (n = 208). Central retinal venule calibre was significantly reduced by fenofibrate and unchanged by placebo. Arteriole metrics did not change. Larger studies relating retinal vessel calibre to future diabetes complications and response to therapy are merited.
Reducing social distance caused by weight stigma: Nostalgia changes behavior toward overweight individuals
Authors: Turner Rhiannon , Wildschut Tim , Sedikides Constantine 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWeight stigma, a negative attitude toward the overweight, can lead to discriminatory practices, as well as increase overweight individuals' vulnerability to depression, anxiety, and low self‐esteem. We propose that a nostalgia induction can attenuate weight stigma. Participants identified an overweight individual, before writing about an interpersonal encounter with that individual, characterized by either central (e.g., “keepsakes” and “childhood”) or peripheral (e.g., “wishing” and “daydreaming”) features of the construct “nostalgia.” Participants who recalled a central (vs. peripheral) nostalgic encounter reported more positive feelings and beliefs toward overweight individuals in general. Moreover, nostalgia influenced behavior: Nostalgic (vs. control) participants reduced their social distance when anticipating an interaction with an overweight individual. The effect of nostalgia on all three outcomes (i.e., positive feelings, beliefs, and behavior) was mediated by greater social connectedness, which in turn was associated with higher inclusion of the outgroup in the self and increased outgroup trust.
Effect of Glut‐1 and HIF‐1α double knockout by CRISPR/CAS9 on radiosensitivity in laryngeal carcinoma via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway
Authors: Bao Yang‐Yang , Zhong Jiang‐Tao , Shen Li‐Fang , Dai Li‐Bo , Zhou Shui‐Hong , Fan Jun , Yao Hong‐Tian , Lu Zhong‐Jie 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Hypoxic resistance is the main obstacle to radiotherapy for laryngeal carcinoma. Our previous study indicated that hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α (HIF‐1α) and glucose transporter 1 (Glut‐1) double knockout reduced tumour biological behaviour in laryngeal carcinoma cells. However, their radioresistance mechanism remains unclear. In this study, cell viability was determined by CCK8 assay. Glucose uptake capability was evaluated by measurement of 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose radioactivity. A tumour xenograft model was established by subcutaneous injection of Tu212 cells. Tumour histopathology was determined by haematoxylin and eosin staining, immunohistochemical staining, and TUNEL assays. Signalling transduction was evaluated by Western blotting. We found that hypoxia induced radioresistance in Tu212 cells accompanied by increased glucose uptake capability and activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Inhibition of PI3K/Akt/mTOR activity abolished hypoxia‐induced radioresistance and glucose absorption. Mechanistic analysis revealed that hypoxia promoted higher expressions of HIF‐1α and Glut‐1. Moreover, the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway was a positive mediator of HIF‐1α and/or Glut‐1 in the presence of irradiation. HIF‐1α and/or Glut‐1 knockout significantly reduced cell viability, glucose uptake and PI3K/Akt/mTOR activity, all of which were induced by hypoxia in the presence of irradiation. In vivo analysis showed that knockout of HIF‐1α and/or Glut‐1 also inhibited tumour growth by promoting cell apoptosis, more robustly compared with the PI3K inhibitor wortmannin, particularly in tumours with knockout of both HIF‐1α and Glut‐1. HIF‐1α and/or Glut‐1 knockout also abrogated PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling transduction in tumour tissues, in a manner similar to wortmannin. HIF‐1α and/or Glut‐1 knockout facilitated radiosensitivity in laryngeal carcinoma Tu212 cells by regulation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.
Effectiveness and safety of Danmu extract syrup for acute upper respiratory tract infection in children: A real‐world, prospective cohort study
Authors: Zeng Linan , Li Hailong , Zhang Chuan , Kang Deying , Liu Guanjian , Li Xihong , Chen Lina , Zeng Min , Huang Liang , Xu Peipei , Feng Shiyin , Yu Qin , Liu Hanmin , Zhang Lingli 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimTo evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Danmu Extract Syrup for the treatment of acute upper respiratory tract infection (AURI) in children.MethodsIn this prospective cohort study, we enrolled children with AURI in the pediatric outpatient department and emergency department of West China Second Hospital. According to the treatment, they were divided into two groups: Danmu Extract Syrup Group (Danmu Group) and Xiaoer Chiqiao Granule Group (Chiqiao Group). The primary outcome was time to symptom remission, and the secondary outcomes were defervescence time, relief time, admission rate, and adherence. We used restricted mean survival time (RMST) to quantify the treatment effects and test noninferiority for primary outcome. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to adjust confounding. Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were used to verify the robustness of results.ResultsWe enrolled 1036 children with AURI, including 516 in Danmu Group and 520 in Chiqiao Group. After PSM, no significant difference was observed in the baseline characteristics of the two groups. The primary results showed that the RMST difference was –3 h (95% CI: –15.1 to 9.1) and the upper limit of the 95% CI was less than the noninferiority margin of 11 h. There was no statistical difference in the secondary outcomes except for defervescence between the two groups. The results of safety analysis showed that the incidence of adverse events occurred is 4.1% in Danmu Group, which was lower than the incidence of Chiqiao Group (6.9%).ConclusionThis study indicated that Danmu extract syrup is noninferiority to Chiqiao Granule for AURI in children.
Appellate court assignments as a natural experiment: Gender panel effects in sex discrimination cases
Authors: Erikson Robert S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper argues that estimating causal effects on US Appellate Court panels can be advanced by analyzing the data as a series of natural experiments, fully exploiting the as‐if random assignment of judges to cases. As a template, this paper reanalyzes Boyd et al.'s data on sex‐discrimination cases. The question is the impact on the votes by male judges from having a female judge on their panel. Leverage from as‐if random assignment can be exploited only by restricting comparisons of treatments cases (in the example, female co‐panelist) exclusively to control cases (all‐male panels) from the same period and time period from which the treatment cases are drawn. With as‐if random assignment reducing the possibility of a biased estimate, the results confirms a gender panel effect similar in size to the claim by Boyd et al. Restricting comparisons to within the same circuit and time period further advances understanding of the causal mechanism. When male or female judges side with female plaintiffs, the females are more persuasive at swaying the votes of their male co‐panelists' votes.
Aging biomarkers: Potential mediators of association between long‐term ozone exposure and risk of atherosclerosis
Authors: Li Ruiying , Chen Gongbo , Liu Xiaotian , Pan Mingming , Kang Ning , Hou Xiaoyu , Liao Wei , Dong Xiaokang , Yuchi Yinghao , Mao Zhenxing , Huo Wenqian , Wang Xian , Guo Yuming , Li Shanshan , Hou Jian , Wang Chongjian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundLong‐term exposure to ambient ozone links to aging biomarkers and increased risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD). However, the roles of aging biomarkers in the association of long‐term exposure to ambient ozone with ASCVD are unclear.MethodsA total of 5298 participants completed the questionnaire and physical examination and provided biological specimens. Aging biomarkers (telomere length [TL] and mitochondrial copy number [mtDNA‐CN]) were measured by using a real‐time polymerase chain reaction method. The concentration of ambient ozone was assessed using a random forest model. Associations of ambient ozone or aging biomarkers with 10‐year ASCVD risk were analyzed using logistic regression models. The roles of aging biomarkers in the association of ambient ozone exposure with 10‐year ASCVD risk were explored by mediation analysis.ResultsThe adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence interval of high 10‐year ASCVD risk were 1.16 (1.08, 1.25), 0.71 (0.60, 0.85), and 0.78 (0.64, 0.96) in association with each 1‐unit increment in ambient ozone (1 μg/m3) concentration, relative TL, and mtDNA‐CN, respectively. The mediated proportion of the association between ambient ozone exposure and high 10‐year ASCVD risk by TL or mtDNA‐CN was 21.13% or 7.75%, respectively. The total proportion of association between ambient ozone exposure and high 10‐year ASCVD risk mediated by TL plus mtDNA‐CN was 21.02%.ConclusionsLong‐term exposure to ambient ozone was associated with increased 10‐year ASCVD risk, and the association was partially mediated by aging biomarkers (shortened TL and decreased mtDNA‐CN). This study indicated that ambient ozone pollution–related ASCVD risk might be partially explained by the telomere–mitochondrial axis of aging.
A fully radiopaque hybrid stent retriever versus a precursor device: Outcome, efficacy, and safety in large vessel stroke
Authors: Weiss Daniel , Kabbasch Christoph , Lichtenstein Thorsten , Turowski Bernd , Kaschner Marius 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground and PurposeThe aim of this multicenter study was to compare the clinical outcome, safety, and efficacy of the full‐length radiopaque Aperio Hybrid stent retriever (APH) with the precursor Aperio thrombectomy device (AP).MethodsMulticentric retrospective analysis of patients with stroke, treated with the APH and AP due to an acute ischemic stroke by large vessel occlusions in the anterior or posterior circulation, was performed. We focused on the comparison of favorable clinical outcome (modified Rankin Scale, 0‐2) after 3 months, favorable reperfusion rates (thrombolysis in cerebral infarction scale ≥ 2b), and the complication rate.ResultsA total of 51 patients (female: n = 33, 64.7%, mean age 73 ± 16 years) with a median baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale: 15 were treated with the APH or AP. Favorable outcome in patients treated with APH was excellent (44.0%) and comparable to the AP (36.8%). The rate of final favorable reperfusion for both devices was outstanding (APH 31/31 and AP 20/20). The overall complication rate for the APH was slightly higher compared to the AP (32.3%/15.0%). Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage was recorded in 0 of 51 cases. The all‐cause mortality rate at 90 days was 20.0% for the APH and comparable for the AP (21.1%).ConclusionsComparable clinical outcome, efficacy, and safety of the AP and the recently introduced APH were demonstrated. Both devices appeared feasible, efficient, and safe with regard to endovascular treatment in large vessel occlusion.
Translation and linguistic validation of the DISABKIDS chronic generic module into simplified Chinese (DCGM‐37) for use among children with cancer
Authors: Alelayan Hasan , Liang Lizhu , Ye Rui , Aldosari Nasser , Liao Xiaoyan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPurposeTo develop a simplified Chinese version of the DISABKIDS chronic generic module‐37 (DCGM‐37), and to test the translated measures in children with cancer by employing a cognitive interviewing technique.Design and MethodsThe English version of DCGM‐37 was translated forward and backward into simplified Chinese by bilingual translators, following the guidelines from its copyright holders, which also involved a cultural adaptation component. Twelve Chinese children aged 8–18 years and eight parents were cognitively interviewed.ResultsThe findings support the relevance, comprehensibility, and efficacy of the Chinese version. Consideration was given, and improvements were made, to the language, cultural concerns, and content, which improved functionality and increased validation. The patients/caregivers understood the instructions, questions, and answer choices. Some revisions, however, were made to address patient/caregiver feedback obtained through cognitive interviews. Conceptually and semantically, the simplified Chinese version of the DCGM‐37 version was identical to the original. Conclusions The simplified Chinese version of the DCGM‐37 was semantically and conceptually equivalent to the English version. Chinese children aged 8 to 18 years were able to comprehend this instrument.ConclusionsThe simplified Chinese version of the DCGM‐37 was semantically and conceptually equivalent to the English version. Chinese children aged 8 to 18 years were able to comprehend this instrument and express their experiences and feelings about their life.Practice ImplicationsThe simplified Chinese version of the DCGM‐37 was translated, and cross‐cultural adaptation and validation were performed. Chinese children found the tool easy to use and were able to express their experiences and feelings about their health‐related quality of life.
Rapid eye movement sleep apnea and carotid intima thickness in men and women: a SHE‐MUSTACHE cohort study
Authors: Ljunggren Mirjam , Naessén Tord , Theorell‐Haglöw Jenny , Franklin Karl A. , Lindberg Eva 
Published: April 2022

SummaryRapid eye movement (REM) obstructive sleep apnea might be particularly harmful to the cardiovascular system. We aimed to investigate the association between sleep apnea during REM sleep and signs of atherosclerotic disease in the form of carotid intima thickness in a community‐based sample of men and women and possible sex differences in this association. The association between sleep apnea during REM sleep and intima thickness was analysed cross‐sectionally in women from the community‐based “Sleep and Health in Women” (SHE) study (n = 253) and age‐ and body mass index (BMI)‐matched men from the “Men in Uppsala; a Study of sleep, Apnea and Cardiometabolic Health” (MUSTACHE) study (n = 338). Confounders adjusted for were age, BMI, gender, alcohol, and smoking. All participants underwent a full‐night polysomnography, high‐resolution ultrasonography of the common carotid artery, anthropometric measurements, blood pressure measurements, and answered questionnaires. There was an association between sleep apnea during REM sleep and thicker carotid intima that remained after adjustment for confounding (adjusted β = 0.008, p = 0.032). The intima was increased by 9.9% in the group with severe sleep apnea during REM sleep, and this association between severe sleep apnea during REM sleep and increased intima thickness remained after adjustment for confounders (adjusted β = 0.043, p = 0.021). More women than men had severe sleep apnea during REM sleep; moreover, in sex‐stratified analyses, the association between sleep apnea during REM sleep and intima thickness was found in women but not in men. We conclude that severe REM sleep apnea is independently associated with signs of atherosclerosis. When stratified by sex, the association is seen in women but not in men.
The role of aquafeeds in abalone nutrition and health: A comprehensive review
Authors: Bullon Natalia , Seyfoddin Ali , Alfaro Andrea C. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOverpopulation and the pressure on land‐based resources have driven the aquaculture sector to increase its production since the 1980s. To address such demands, new aquafeed technologies have been developed relying on natural and artificial ingredients that are commercially viable. In addition, current global sustainable initiatives require feed technologies to reduce the pressure on limited wild fisheries and minimize negative environmental effects. Although there are numerous studies on abalone nutrition, most tend to focus on animal growth and nutrient utilization. A more holistic research approach to ensure a sustainable future for this industry will require the development of feeds that provide integrated nutrition and health benefits. In this review, we aim to synthesize the most recent scientific literature on the nutritional and health benefits and shortcomings of two main abalone feeding approaches (seaweed and formulated feeds) within aquaculture production practices. We also identify major research gaps and future directions for the development of sustainable abalone feeds.
Cross‐Sectional Association Between Level of School Sports and Different Cognitive Parameters in Schoolchildren, Considering Multiple Covariates
Authors: Drozdowska Alina , Jendrusch Gernot , Platen Petra , Lücke Thomas , Kersting Mathilde , Sinningen Kathrin 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to investigate the association between specified levels of physical education (PE) at school and different parameters of cognition in boys and girls, considering potential covariates. Baseline data from a crossover nutrition intervention study were used for a secondary analysis of 247 schoolchildren (37% girls). Participants were children from the fifth and sixth grade with an “advanced” (5–6 hr) or “regular” (3 hr) level of PE a week, without random allocation. Using three computerized tasks, cognition data were collected under usual school conditions. An advanced level of PE at school was associated with better overall cognitive performance, specifically in response speed and accuracy when controlling for lunch conditions. Girls attending advanced‐PE classes showed the best performance. The potential covariates explained little about cognitive variability. Given the cognitive differences between boys and girls, future research is warranted to replicate these findings by measuring motor skills.