bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanical damage thresholds for hematomas near gas-containing bodies in pulsed HIFU fields
Authors: Ponomarchuk Ekaterina M , Hunter Christopher , Song Minho , Khokhlova Vera A , Sapozhnikov Oleg A , Yuldashev Petr V , Khokhlova Tatiana D 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Objective. Boiling histotripsy (BH) is a novel high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) application currently being developed for non-invasive mechanical fractionation of soft tissues and large hematomas. In the context of development of BH treatment planning approaches for ablating targets adjacent to gas-containing organs, this study aimed at investigation of the ultrasound pressure thresholds of atomization-induced damage to the tissue-air interface and correlation of the danger zone dimensions with spatial structure of nonlinear HIFU field parameters. Approach. A flat interface with air of freshly clotted bovine blood was used as an ex vivo model due to its homogenous structure and higher susceptibility to ultrasound-induced mechanical damage compared to soft tissues. Three 1.5 MHz transducers of different F-numbers (0.77, 1 and 1.5) were focused at various distances before or beyond a flat clot surface, and a BH exposure was delivered either at constant, high-amplitude output level, or at gradually increasing level until a visible damage to the clot surface occurred. The HIFU pressure field parameters at the clot surface were determined through a combination of hydrophone measurements in water, forward wave propagation simulation using ‘HIFU beam’ software and an image source method to account for the wave reflection from the clot surface and formation of a standing wave. The iso-levels of peak negative pressure in the resulting HIFU field were correlated to the outlines of surface erosion to identify the danger zone around the BH focus. Main results. The outline of the danger zone was shown to differ from that of a typical BH lesion produced in a volume of clot material. In the prefocal area, the zone was confined within the 4 MPa contour of the incident peak-to-peak pressure; within the main focal lobe it was determined by the maximum BH lesion width, and in the postfocal area—by the transverse size of the focal lobe and position of the first postfocal pressure axial null. Significance. The incident HIFU pressure-based danger zone boundaries were outlined around the BH focus and can be superimposed onto in-treatment ultrasound image to avoid damage to adjacent gas-containing bodies.
An inception-based deep multiparametric net to classify clinical significance MRI regions of prostate cancer
Authors: Gutiérrez Yesid , Arevalo John , Martínez Fabio 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Objective. Multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging (MP-MRI) has played an important role in prostate cancer diagnosis. Nevertheless, in the clinical routine, these sequences are principally analyzed from expert observations, which introduces an intrinsic variability in the diagnosis. Even worse, the isolated study of these MRI sequences trends to false positive detection due to other diseases that share similar radiological findings. Hence, the main objective of this study was to design, propose and validate a deep multimodal learning framework to support MRI-based prostate cancer diagnosis using cross-correlation modules that fuse MRI regions, coded from independent MRI parameter branches. Approach. This work introduces a multimodal scheme that integrates MP-MRI sequences and allows to characterize prostate lesions related to cancer disease. For doing so, potential 3D regions were extracted around expert annotations over different prostate zones. Then, a convolutional representation was obtained from each evaluated sequence, allowing a rich and hierarchical deep representation. Each convolutional branch representation was integrated following a special inception-like module. This module allows a redundant non-linear integration that preserves textural spatial lesion features and could obtain higher levels of representation. Main results. This strategy enhances micro-circulation, morphological, and cellular density features, which thereafter are integrated according to an inception late fusion strategy, leading to a better differentiation of prostate cancer lesions. The proposed strategy achieved a ROC-AUC of 0.82 over the PROSTATEx dataset by fusing regions of K
trans and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps coded from DWI-MRI. Significance. This study conducted an evaluation about how MP-MRI parameters can be fused, through a deep learning representation, exploiting spatial correlations among multiple lesion observations. The strategy, from a multimodal representation, learns branches representations to exploit radio-logical findings from ADC and K
trans. Besides, the proposed strategy is very compact (151 630 trainable parameters). Hence, the methodology is very fast in training (3 s for an epoch of 320 samples), being potentially applicable in clinical scenarios.
Study of ferromagnetism and thermoelectric behaviour of thiospinels MgFe2(S/Se)4 for spintronics and energy harvesting
Authors: Rouf Syed Awais , Akhtar Nasreen , Kattan Nessrin A , Alzahrani Jameelah , Mahmood Q , Samah Al-Qaisi  , Morsi Manal , Albalawi Hind , Alharthi Sarah , Amin Mohammed A , Somaily H H 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Magnesium-based spinel chalcogenides are remarkable materials for spintronic and energy harvesting applications. Therefore, the electronic, ferromagnetism, and thermoelectric characteristics of MgFe2(S/Se)4 spinels are addressed comprehensively by modified Becke Johnson potential (TB-mBJ). The stability of cubic phase has been illustrated by formation energy and energy released during optimization. The Curie temperature and spin polarization have been calculated by Heisenberg model and density of states at Fermi level. Ferromagnetism has been studied by exchange energies, double exchange mechanism, exchange constants, and hybridization process. The reduction of magnetic moment of Fe and its shifting on nonmagnetic (Mg, S/Se) sites shows the ferromagnetism is due to the exchange of electrons spin rather than the clustering effect of internal magnetic of Fe atoms in the structure. Moreover, thermoelectric analysis of studied spinels has been illustrated by electrical and thermal conductivities, Seebeck coefficient (S), and power factor.
A self-consistent wave description of axion miniclusters and their survival in the galaxy
Authors: Dandoy Virgile , Schwetz Thomas , Todarello Elisa 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe present a solution of the Schrödinger-Poisson system based on the WKB ansatz for the wave function. In this way we obtain a description of a gravitationally bound clump of axion dark matter by a superposition of energy eigenstates with random phases. It can be applied to any self-consistent pair of radial density distribution and phase space densityf(E) related by Eddington's formula. We adopt this as a model for axion miniclusters in our galaxy and use it to study the mass loss due to a star encounter by using standard perturbation theory methods known from quantum mechanics. Finally, we perform a Monte Carlo study to estimate the surviving fraction of axion miniclusters in the dark matter halo of our galaxy. We find that the reaction to perturbations and the survival probability depend crucially on the density profile. Weakly bound clusters are heated up and eventually destroyed, whereas more strongly bound systems get even more compact as a result of perturbations and are driven towards an axion star configuration.
Precise high resistance comparison between the NMIJ traveling dual source bridge and the NIST adapted Wheatstone bridge
Authors: Oe T , Payagala S , Panna A R , Takada S , Kaneko N-H , Jarrett D G 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A precise high resistance comparison was performed between the traveling dual source bridge developed by the National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ) and the adapted Wheatstone bridge of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) from 10 MΩ to 100 TΩ at NIST. The NMIJ traveling bridge was shipped to NIST Gaithersburg and was installed right next to the NIST bridge and these bridges alternately measured the resistance ratio of the high resistance standards, without moving the location of the resistors inside the temperature controlled air-bath. Having the bridges and resistance standards in the same location for the comparison decreased the transportation and temperature coefficient effects on the resistance standards, contributing to the excellent agreement of the measured values. The NMIJ traveling bridge used an 8.5-digit digital multimeter and a relay switch box to determine a resistance ratio by measuring the ratio of the voltages applied to the resistors. The comparison was started from 10 MΩ based on the same 1 MΩ standard resistor calibrated using a NIST two-terminal cryogenic current comparator bridge, and standard resistors from 10 MΩ to 100 TΩ were calibrated by repeating 10:1 scaling measurements with both systems. Excellent agreement was obtained within the uncertainty of all resistance ranges and the difference between both systems was less than 1 μΩ Ω−1 up to 1 TΩ and the degrees of equivalence for 10 TΩ and 100 TΩ were less than 6 μΩ Ω−1.
Reconfiguration, swelling and tagged monomer dynamics of a single polymer chain in Gaussian and non-Gaussian active baths
Authors: Goswami Koushik , Chaki Subhasish , Chakrabarti Rajarshi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this topical review, we give an overview of the structure and dynamics of a single polymer chain in active baths, Gaussian or non-Gaussian. The review begins with the discussion of single flexible or semiflexible linear polymer chains subjected to two noises, thermal and active. The active noise has either Gaussian or non-Gaussian distribution but has a memory, accounting for the persistent motion of the active bath particles. This finite persistence makes the reconfiguration dynamics of the chain slow as compared to the purely thermal case and the chain swells. The active noise also results superdiffusive or ballistic motion of the tagged monomer. We present all the calculations in details but mainly focus on the analytically exact or almost exact results on the topic, as obtained from our group in recent years. In addition, we briefly mention important works of other groups and include some of our new results. The review concludes with pointing out the implications of polymer chains in active bath in biologically relevant context and its future directions.
Water Quality Status of Tigris River Using Index Analysis
Authors: Noor Anwar Ridha , Hassan Fikrat M. , Jawad Al-Obaidy Abdul Hameed M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study investigates the effects of Al-Doura oil refinery effluent, in Baghdad city, on the water quality of the Tigris River using the Canadian Water Quality Index (CCME WQI) and Rivers Maintaining System (1967). Water samples were collected monthly from Tigris River at three stations, which are Al-Muthanna Bridge (upstream), Al-Doura Refinery (point source), and Al–Zafaraniya city (downstream) from October 2020 to April 2021. Fourteen water quality parameters were studied, namely pH (6.50-8.10), Water Temperature (WT) (5.00-27.00 °C), Electrical Conductivity (EC) (877.00-1192.00 μs/cm), Dissolved Oxygen (DO) (5.03-7.57 mg/L), Biological Oxygen demand (BOD) (0.53-2.23 mg/L), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) (455.67-770.00 mg/L), Chloride (Cl) (22.66-84.97mg/L), Sulfate (SO4) (150.00-241.67 mg/L), phosphate (PO4) (0.37-0.57mg/L), Turbidity (Turb) (12.13- 86.13), Total Hardness (TH) (86.19-526.67 mg/L), Calcium (Ca) (60.53-137.61 mg/l), Magnesium (Mg) (46.62-110.45 mg/L), and Alkalinity (Alk) (86.33-171.67 mg/L). The water quality of the Tigris River ranged from 51 to 63, which indicated the marginal status of the river quality. The deterioration of water quality has appeared at Al-Dura Refinery and Al–Zafaraniya city stations, which could be attributed to the industrial activities in these regions. Generally, the results indicated that the Tigris River requires extensive treatment before it can be accepted for domestic.
The efficiency of purified bacteriocin from Lactobacillus acidophilus as a bioremediator of the burned engine and motor oils
Authors: Awadh Sura A. , Ibadi Emam Atiyah , Albarki Mohammed A. , Jawad Sabrean Farhan , Mubarak Hayfaa A. , Kareem Mohanad Mousa 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Petroleum hydrocarbons are one of the most prevalent and ubiquitous environmental pollutants, causing health and environmental risks, so some isolates from cows and buffalos were used in this study to remove these pollutants. Nine isolates of Lactobacillus spp from 20 samples of cows and buffalos milk types. 5 Lactobacillus acidophilus isolates were used in this study because of their excellent production of bacteriocin compared with the other species. The isolates were purified as follows: 70% saturation of ammonium salt followed by gel filtration on Sephadex -G150 was used to purify the bacteriocin. It resulted in a 47.75 % yield with 4.7-fold purification. The results of this study showed the use of 80µg/ml of bacteriocin increased the removal of hydrophobic pollutants from the burned motor and engine oils by 41% after 24 hours, which was more efficient than high doses of bacteriocin. For example, 100 µg/mL of bacteriocin removed only 33% of the contaminants. Furthermore, by extending the incubation period to 7 days, the hydrocarbon degradation percentage was increased by 78% in engine oil and 89% in burned motor oil. Thus, it can be concluded that bacteriocin bioremediation is an efficient and cost-effective biological treatment for eliminating petroleum hydrocarbons from water and protecting natural resources.
Mitigating algorithmic errors in quantum optimization through energy extrapolation
Authors: Cao Chenfeng , Yu Yunlong , Wu Zipeng , Shannon Nic , Zeng Bei , Joynt Robert 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Quantum optimization algorithms offer a promising route to finding the ground states of target Hamiltonians on near-term quantum devices. Nonetheless, it remains necessary to limit the evolution time and circuit depth as much as possible, since otherwise decoherence will degrade the computation. Even when this is done, there always exists a non-negligible error in estimates of the ground state energy. Here we present a scalable extrapolation approach to mitigating this algorithmic error, which significantly improves estimates obtained using three well-studied quantum optimization algorithms: quantum annealing (QA), the variational quantum eigensolver, and the quantum imaginary time evolution at fixed evolution time or circuit depth. The approach is based on extrapolating the annealing time to infinity or the variance of estimates to zero. The method is reasonably robust against noise. For Hamiltonians which only involve few-body interactions, the additional computational overhead is an increase in the number of measurements by a constant factor. Analytic derivations are provided for the quadratic convergence of estimates of energy as a function of time in QA, and the linear convergence of estimates as a function of variance in all three algorithms. We have verified the validity of these approaches through both numerical simulation and experiments on IBM quantum machines. This work suggests a promising new way to enhance near-term quantum computing through classical post-processing.
What does it take to solve the measurement problem?
Authors: Hance Jonte R , Hossenfelder Sabine 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We summarise different aspects of the measurement problem in quantum mechanics. We argue that it is a real problem which requires a solution, and identify the properties a theory needs to solve the problem. We show that no current interpretation of quantum mechanics solves the problem, and that, being interpretations rather than extensions of quantum mechanics, they cannot solve it. Finally, we speculate what a solution of the measurement problem might be good for.
The Effect of the Brexit Vote on the Variation in Race and Religious Hate Crimes in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland
Authors: Williams M L , Sutherland A , Roy-Chowdhury V , Loke T , Cullen A , Sloan L , Burnap P , Giannasi P 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This paper examines possible mechanisms behind the spike in racially or religiously-aggravated (RR) offences after the Brexit vote. It adds to the current literature in five significant ways: (1) it provides the first Brexit-related RR hate crime comparison between England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland; (2) it reports on results from a national-level panel model that adds to the debate in the literature on whether pro-leave or pro-remain areas saw greater increases hate crimes; (3) it assesses the role of demographic characterises on the variation in hate crime; (4) it compares the effect of the vote with other ‘trigger events’; and (5) it uses social media data to control for variation in hate crime victim and witness reporting.
Both the Squash Bug Anasa tristis and Horned Squash Bug Anasa armigera (Hemiptera: Coreidae) are Attracted to Vittatalactone, the Aggregation Pheromone of Striped Cucumber Beetle
Authors: Weber Donald C , Haber Ariela I , Pasteur Kayla , Boyle Sean M , Kuhar Thomas P , Cornelius Mary L 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Vittatalactone, the aggregation pheromone of the striped cucumber beetle, Acalymma vittatum (F.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), is attractive to two species of squash bugs (Hemiptera: Coreidae), the squash bug Anasa tristis (DeGeer) and horned squash bug Anasa armigera (Say). In field trapping experiments in Maryland and Virginia, clear sticky traps baited with 1 mg of a synthetic 8-isomer mix of vittatalactone captured ~9× more of female A. tristis and of both sexes of A. armigera, whereas male A. tristis were not significantly attracted, compared to unbaited traps. A. armigera showed a distinct dose–response to vittatalactone lure loading in the late season, and this species was more attracted than A. tristis, based on comparison to captures from underneath wooden boards emplaced in adjacent fields. Results suggest that vittatalactone could be a ‘keystone semiochemical’ in colonization of cucurbit hosts by specialist herbivores, and may offer the opportunity for multi-species behavioral control as a component of integrated pest management in cucurbit crops.
Gaps and barriers in the implementation and functioning of antimicrobial stewardship programmes: results from an educational and behavioural mixed methods needs assessment in France, the United States, Mexico and India
Authors: Lazure Patrice , Augustyniak Monica , Goff Debra A , Villegas Maria Virginia , Apisarnthanarak Anucha , Péloquin Sophie 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
Evidence shows limited adherence to antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) principles.

Objectives
To identify educational gaps and systemic barriers obstructing adherence to AMS principles.

Methods
A mixed-methods study combining a thematic analysis of qualitative interviews (January–February 2021) and inferential analysis of quantitative surveys (May–June 2021) was conducted. Participants from France, the USA, Mexico and India were purposively sampled from online panels of healthcare professionals to include infectious disease physicians, infection control specialists, clinical microbiologists, pharmacologists or pharmacists expected to apply AMS principles in their practice setting (e.g. clinic, academic-affiliated or community-based hospital). A gap analysis framework guided this study.

Results
The final sample included 383 participants (n = 33 interviews; n = 350 surveys). Mixed-methods findings indicated suboptimal knowledge and skills amongst participants to facilitate personal and collective application of AMS principles. Survey data indicated a gap in ideal versus current knowledge of AMS protocols, especially amongst pharmacologists (Δ0.95/4.00, P &lt; 0.001). Gaps in ideal versus current skill levels were also measured and were highest amongst infectious control specialists (Δ1.15/4.00, P &lt; 0.001), for convincing hospital executives to allocate resources to AMS programmes. Already existing systemic barriers (e.g. insufficient dedicated time/funding/training) were perceived as being aggravated during the COVID-19 pandemic (72% of survey participants agreed). Reported gaps were highest in India and France.

Conclusions
The educational needs of professionals and countries included in this study can inform future continuous professional development activities in AMS. Additional funding should be considered to address perceived systemic barriers. Local assessments are warranted to validate results and suitability of interventions.
Prevalence of carbapenemase genes among carbapenem-nonsusceptible Enterobacterales collected in US hospitals in a five-year period and activity of ceftazidime/avibactam and comparator agents
Authors: Castanheira Mariana , Deshpande Lalitagauri M , Mendes Rodrigo E , Doyle Timothy B , Sader Helio S 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Objectives
To evaluate the prevalence of acquired β-lactamase genes and susceptibility profiles of carbapenem-nonsusceptible Enterobacterales (CNSE) clinical isolates collected in US hospitals during a 5-year period.

Methods
Isolates were susceptibility tested by reference broth microdilution methods. Results were interpreted using CLSI breakpoints. Isolates displaying nonsusceptible MICs for imipenem or meropenem were categorized as CNSE. CNSE isolates were screened for β-lactamase-encoding genes using whole-genome sequencing. New genes were cloned, expressed in an Escherichia coli background and susceptibility tested.

Results
A total of 450 (1.3%) isolates were CNSE. Klebsiella pneumoniae serine carbapenemase (KPC) production was the most common resistance mechanism among CNSE isolates: 281/450 (62.4%) carried blaKPC, including three new variants. OXA-48-like and metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) encoding genes were detected among seven and 12 isolates, respectively. Among MBL genes, blaNDM-1 was the most common, but blaNDM-5, blaVIM-1 and blaIMP-27 were also identified. 169 (37.6% of the CNSE) isolates did not produce carbapenemases. Ceftazidime/avibactam was the most active agent (95.0% to 100.0% susceptible) against CNSE isolates from all carbapenemase groups except MBL-producing isolates. Ceftazidime/avibactam, meropenem/vaborbactam and imipenem/relebactam inhibited 100.0%, 97.6% and 92.3% of the non-carbapenemase CNSE isolates, respectively. Among the three new blaKPC variants, one conferred resistance to ceftazidime/avibactam and low meropenem MIC results while the other two had profiles similar to blaKPC-2 or blaKPC-3.

Conclusions
A decline in carbapenemase production was noticed in US hospitals in the 5-year period analysed in this study. New β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations tested had good activity against CNSE isolates.