bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coarsening Evolution of γ′ Phase and Failure Mechanism of Co-Ni-Al-Ti-Based Superalloys During Isothermal Aging
Authors: Zhang Xuming , Shang Hang , Gao Qiuzhi , Ma Qingshuang , Zhang Hailian , Li Huijun , Sun Linlin 
Published: May 2022

Novel Co-based superalloys, as potentially ideal aero-engine hot section materials, have a higher temperature bearing capacity and better oxidation resistance than Ni-based superalloys. Coarsening evolution of γ′ phase and failure mechanism of Co-Ni-Al-Ti-based superalloys during the isothermal aging process at 1073 K were investigated using multiple characterizations and testing methods. The results show that γ′ phase is uniformly distributed on the γ phase matrix, and coarsening with the increase in isothermal aging time, which results in a decrease in maximum tensile strength. Furthermore, Mo element is preferred to distribute in γ′ phase and provides stronger solution strengthening effect than Cr element, which determines more excellent mechanical properties of 2Mo superalloy than that of 2Cr superalloy. The coarsening rate of γ′ phase in the 2Cr superalloy is significantly higher than that in the 2Mo superalloy. Grain boundary failure is dominant in isothermal aging, and the cracks nucleate and expand along the vertical direction of loading stress on the grain boundary. The current work suggests that the coarsening of the γ′ phase, reduction in the volume fraction of γ′ phase, and formation of ′-precipitate depleted zone (PDZ) near the grain boundary during aging controls the deterioration of mechanical properties in Co-Ni-Al-Ti-based superalloys.
Normative Data of the Trail Making Test Among Urban Community-Dwelling Older Adults in Japan
Authors: Suzuki Hiroyuki , Sakuma Naoko , Kobayashi Momoko , Ogawa Susumu , Inagaki Hiroki , Edahiro Ayako , Ura Chiaki , Sugiyama Mika , Miyamae Fumiko , Watanabe Yutaka , Shinkai Shoji , Awata Shuichi 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionPopulation aging is likely to increase the number of people with dementia living in urban areas. The Trail Making Test (TMT) is widely used as a cognitive task to measure attention and executive function among older adults. Normative data from a sample of community-dwelling older adults are required to evaluate the executive function of this population. The purpose of this study was to examine the Trail Making Test completion rate and completion time among urban community-dwelling older adults in Japan.MethodsA survey was conducted at a local venue or during a home visit (n = 1,966). Cognitive tests were conducted as a part of the survey, and TMT Parts A (TMT-A) and B (TMT-B) were completed after the completion of the Japanese version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE-J). Testers recorded TMT completion status, completion time, and the number of errors observed.ResultsIn the TMT-A, 1,913 (99.5%) participants understood the instructions, and 1,904 (99.1%) participants completed the task within the time limit of 240 s. In the TMT-B, 1,839 (95.9%) participants understood the instructions, and 1,584 (82.6%) participants completed the task within the time limit of 300 s. The completion rate of TMT-B was 90.2 and 41.8% for participants with an MMSE-J score of &gt;23 points and ≦23 points, respectively. Results of multiple regression analyses showed that age, education, and the MMSE-J score were associated with completion time in both TMTs.ConclusionIn both TMTs, completion time was associated with age, education, and general cognitive function. However, not all participants completed the TMT-B, and the completion rate was relatively low among participants with low MMSE-J scores. These findings may help interpret future TMT assessments.
Perceptual Grouping During Binocular Rivalry in Mild Glaucoma
Authors: Issashar Leibovitzh Galia , Trope Graham E. , Buys Yvonne M. , Tarita-Nistor Luminita 
Published: May 2022

PurposeThis study tested perceptual grouping during binocular rivalry to probe the strength of neural connectivity of the visual cortex involved in early visual processing in patients with mild glaucoma.MethodsSeventeen patients with mild glaucoma with no significant visual field defects and 14 healthy controls participated. Rivalry stimuli were 1.8°-diameter discs, containing horizontal or vertical sine-wave gratings, viewed dichoptically. To test the grouping, two spatially separated identical stimuli were presented eccentrically to the same or different eyes and to the same or different hemifields. The outcome measures were the time of exclusive dominance of the grouped percept (i.e., percept with synchronized orientations), the rivalry rate, and the epochs of exclusive dominance.ResultsFor both groups, the grouping occurred primarily for the matching orientations in the same eye/same hemifield (MO SE/SH) and for the matching orientations in the same eye/different hemifield (MO SE/DH) conditions. Time dominance of the grouped percept of the glaucoma group was similar to that of the control group in all conditions. The rivalry rates in the MO SE/SH and MO SE/DH conditions were significantly larger in the control group than in the glaucoma group. The epochs of exclusive dominance of the grouped percept in the MO SE/SH condition were a median of 48-ms longer for the control group, but a median of 116-ms shorter for the glaucoma group when compared to those in the MO SE/DH condition.ConclusionPatients with mild glaucoma show clear impairments in binocular rivalry while evidence for deficits in perceptual grouping could be inferred only indirectly. If these deficits truly exist, they may have implications for higher levels of visual processing, such as object recognition and scene segmentation, but these predictions remain to be tested in future studies.
Differential Abnormality in Functional Connectivity Density in Preclinical and Early-Stage Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Song Yu , Wu Huimin , Chen Shanshan , Ge Honglin , Yan Zheng , Xue Chen , Qi Wenzhang , Yuan Qianqian , Liang Xuhong , Lin Xingjian , Chen Jiu 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundBoth subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) have a high risk of progression to Alzheimer's disease (AD). While most of the available evidence described changes in functional connectivity (FC) in SCD and aMCI, there was no confirmation of changes in functional connectivity density (FCD) that have not been confirmed. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the specific alterations in resting-state FCD in SCD and aMCI and further assess the extent to which these changes can distinguish the preclinical and early-stage AD.MethodsA total of 57 patients with SCD, 59 patients with aMCI, and 78 healthy controls (HC) were included. The global FCD, local FCD, and long-range FCD were calculated for each voxel to identify brain regions with significant FCD alterations. The brain regions with abnormal FCD were then used as regions of interest for FC analysis. In addition, we calculated correlations between neuroimaging alterations and cognitive function and performed receiver-operating characteristic analyses to assess the diagnostic effect of the FCD and FC alterations on SCD and aMCI.ResultsFCD mapping revealed significantly increased global FCD in the left parahippocampal gyrus (PHG.L) and increased long-range FCD in the left hippocampus for patients with SCD when compared to HCs. However, when compared to SCD, patients with aMCI showed significantly decreased global FCD and long-range FCD in the PHG.L. The follow-up FC analysis further revealed significant variations between the PHG.L and the occipital lobe in patients with SCD and aMCI. In addition, patients with SCD also presented significant changes in FC between the left hippocampus, the left cerebellum anterior lobe, and the inferior temporal gyrus. Moreover, changes in abnormal indicators in the SCD and aMCI groups were significantly associated with cognitive function. Finally, combining FCD and FC abnormalities allowed for a more precise differentiation of the clinical stages.ConclusionTo our knowledge, this study is the first to investigate specific alterations in FCD and FC for both patients with SCD and aMCI and confirms differential abnormalities that can serve as potential imaging markers for preclinical and early-stage Alzheimer's disease (AD). Also, it adds a new dimension of understanding to the diagnosis of SCD and aMCI as well as the evaluation of disease progression.
Mastery Is Associated With Weight Status, Food Intake, Snacking, and Eating Disorder Symptoms in the NutriNet-Santé Cohort Study
Authors: Gisch Ulrike A. , Robert Margaux , Berlin Noémi , Nebout Antoine , Etilé Fabrice , Teyssier Sabrina , Andreeva Valentina A. , Hercberg Serge , Touvier Mathilde , Péneau Sandrine 
Published: May 2022

Mastery is a psychological resource that is defined as the extent to which individuals perceive having control over important circumstances of their lives. Although mastery has been associated with various physical and psychological health outcomes, studies assessing its relationship with weight status and dietary behavior are lacking. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess the relationship between mastery and weight status, food intake, snacking, and eating disorder (ED) symptoms in the NutriNet-Santé cohort study. Mastery was measured with the Pearlin Mastery Scale (PMS) in 32,588 adults (77.45% female), the mean age was 50.04 (14.53) years. Height and weight were self-reported. Overall diet quality and food group consumption were evaluated with ≥3 self-reported 24-h dietary records (range: 3–27). Snacking was assessed with an ad-hoc question. ED symptoms were assessed with the Sick-Control-One-Fat-Food Questionnaire (SCOFF). Linear and logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the relationship between mastery and weight status, food intake, snacking, and ED symptoms, controlling for sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics. Females with a higher level of mastery were less likely to be underweight (OR: 0.88; 95%CI: 0.84, 0.93), overweight [OR: 0.94 (0.91, 0.97)], or obese [class I: OR: 0.86 (0.82, 0.90); class II: OR: 0.76 (0.71, 0.82); class III: OR: 0.77 (0.69, 0.86)]. Males with a higher level of mastery were less likely to be obese [class III: OR: 0.75 (0.57, 0.99)]. Mastery was associated with better diet quality overall, a higher consumption of fruit and vegetables, seafood, wholegrain foods, legumes, non-salted oleaginous fruits, and alcoholic beverages and with a lower consumption of meat and poultry, dairy products, sugary and fatty products, milk-based desserts, and sweetened beverages. Mastery was also associated with lower snacking frequency [OR: 0.89 (0.86, 0.91)] and less ED symptoms [OR: 0.73 (0.71, 0.75)]. As mastery was associated with favorable dietary behavior and weight status, targeting mastery might be a promising approach in promoting healthy behaviors.Clinical Trial Registry NumberNCT03335644 at Clinicaltrials.gov.
Case Report: Extramedullary Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia: An Unusual Case and Mini-Review of the Literature
Authors: Harrer Dennis Christoph , Lüke Florian , Einspieler Ingo , Menhart Karin , Hellwig Dirk , Utpatel Kirsten , Herr Wolfgang , Reichle Albrecht , Heudobler Daniel 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundAcute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) constitutes a serious hematological emergency necessitating rapid diagnosis and therapy to prevent lethal bleedings resulting from APL-induced thrombocytopenia and coagulopathy. Atypical manifestations of APL, such as extramedullary disease at first presentation, pose diagnostic challenges and delay the onset of appropriate therapy. Nevertheless, extramedullary manifestations of APL are mostly accompanied by blood count alterations pointing to an underlying hematological disease. In this report, we present the first case of APL bearing close resemblance to a metastasized laryngeal carcinoma with normal blood counts and absent coagulopathy.Case PresentationA 67-year-old man with a previous history of smoking was admitted to our hospital with progressive hoarseness of voice, odynophagia, dysphagia and exertional dyspnea. Laryngoscopy revealed a fixed right hemi larynx with an immobile right vocal fold. Imaging of the neck via magnetic-resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET/CT) with F-18-fluordeoxyglucose (FDG) showed a large hypermetabolic tumor in the right piriform sinus and tracer uptake in adjacent lymph nodes, highly suspicious of metastasized laryngeal carcinoma. Surprisingly the histological examination revealed an extramedullary manifestation of acute promyelocytic leukemia. Remarkably, blood counts and coagulation parameters were normal. Moreover, no clinical signs of hemorrhage were found. PML-RARA fusion was detected in both laryngeal mass and bone marrow. After diagnosis of APL, ATRA-based chemotherapy was initiated resulting in complete remission of all APL manifestations.ConclusionsThis is the first case report of APL initially presenting as laryngeal chloroma. Additionally, we performed a comprehensive literature review of previously published extramedullary APL manifestations. In aggregate, a normal blood count at first presentation constitutes an extremely rare finding in patients initially presenting with extramedullary APL manifestations.
The Common Haplotype GATGACA in Surfactant-Protein B Gene Is Protective for Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Preterm Neonates
Authors: Mikolajcikova Silvia , Lasabova Zora , Holubekova Veronika , Skerenova Maria , Zibolenova Jana , Matasova Katarina , Zibolen Mirko , Calkovska Andrea 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundRespiratory distress syndrome (RDS), a disorder of primary surfactant deficiency resulting in pulmonary insufficiency, remains a significant problem for preterm neonates. Associations between genetic variants of surfactant proteins and RDS have been reported, but haplotypes of the surfactant protein B gene (SFTPB) have not been studied. The aim of the study was to prove the hypothesis that certain haplotypes of SFTPB may be protective or risk factors for RDS.MethodsThe study was performed with 149 preterm infants, born &lt;34 weeks of gestation, with 86 infants with mild RDS or without RDS (control group) and 63 infants with severe RDS (patient group). RDS was considered severe if multiple doses of exogenous surfactant and/or mechanical ventilation within the first 72 h of life were needed. The venous blood sample was used for the analysis of gene polymorphisms associated with RDS, genotyping, and haplotype estimation. Multivariate logistic regression analysis and the odds ratio were calculated to detect the contribution of the studied variables to the development of RDS.ResultsA new association of the common single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2304566 with RDS in premature infants was detected. Analysis of rs2304566 polymorphisms using a logistic regression model showed that there are two significant predictors inversely related to the occurrence of RDS (Apgar score of 5 min, CT and TT genotype in rs2304566 polymorphism). Gestational age, birth weight, and sex have border significance. Moreover, in the patient group, the frequency of the GATGACA haplotype in the SFTPB gene was lower (p = 0.037), and the GATGGCA haplotype was higher (p = 0.059) in comparison with the control group.ConclusionThe common haplotype GATGACA of the SFTPB gene can be protective against RDS in preterm infants. The trend of a higher frequency of GATGGCA in the SFTPB gene in infants with severe RDS suggests that this haplotype may be a risk factor for RDS susceptibility.
Correlation of Dyslipidemia and Inflammation With Obstructive Sleep Apnea Severity
Authors: Popadic Viseslav , Brajkovic Milica , Klasnja Slobodan , Milic Natasa , Rajovic Nina , Lisulov Danica Popovic , Divac Anica , Ivankovic Tatjana , Manojlovic Andrea , Nikolic Novica , Memon Lidija , Brankovic Marija , Popovic Maja , Sekulic Ana , Macut Jelica Bjekic , Markovic Olivera , Djurasevic Sinisa , Stojkovic Maja , Todorovic Zoran , Zdravkovic Marija 
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a serious condition linked with various metabolic disorders and associated with increased all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Although the potential mechanisms of pathophysiological processes related to OSA are relatively well known, the data regarding the correlation between obstructive sleep apnea, dyslipidemia, and systemic inflammation are still inconclusive.Methods: The study was conducted as a retrospective cohort study including 328 patients with newly diagnosed obstructive sleep apnea during the period between April 2018, and May 2020, in University Clinical Hospital Center “Bezanijska kosa”, Belgrade, Serbia. Polysomnography was performed in all patients according to the protocol. Numerous demographic, antropometric, laboratory, and clinical data were correlated to Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) as a dependent variable, with a particular review on the relation between lipid abnormalities, inflammatory parameters, and obstructive sleep apnea severity. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to assess predictors of severe OSA (AHI ≥30 per hour).Results: A total of 328 patients were included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 54.0 ± 12.5 years and more than two-thirds were male (68.8%). The majority of the patients had an AHI of at least 30 events per hour. Patients with severe OSA were more frequently male, obese, hypertensive and hyperlipidemic, and had increased neck circumference (both male and female patients). One hundred and thirty-two patients had metabolic syndrome. Patients with severe OSA more frequently had metabolic syndrome and significantly higher levels of glucose, creatinine, uric acid, AST, ALT, CK, microalbumine/creatinine ratio, triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL, total cholеsterol to HDL‐C ratio, CRP, and ESR. In the multivariate linear regression model with AHI (≥30 per hour) as a dependent variable, of demographic and clinical data, triglycerides ≥1.7 mmol/L and CRP &gt;5 mg/L were significantly associated with AHI≥30 per hour.Conclusion: The present study on 328 patients with newly diagnosed obstructive sleep apnea revealed significant relation of lipid abnormalities, inflammatory markers, and other clinically important data with obstructive sleep apnea severity. These results can lead to a better understanding of the underlying pathophysiological processes and open the door to a new world of potentially useful therapeutic modalities.
Influence of Long-Lasting Static Stretching on Maximal Strength, Muscle Thickness and Flexibility
Authors: Warneke Konstantin , Brinkmann Anna , Hillebrecht Martin , Schiemann Stephan 
Published: May 2022

Background: In animal studies long-term stretching interventions up to several hours per day have shown large increases in muscle mass as well as maximal strength. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a long-term stretching on maximal strength, muscle cross sectional area (MCSA) and range of motion (ROM) in humans.Methods: 52 subjects were divided into an Intervention group (IG, n = 27) and a control group (CG, n = 25). IG stretched the plantar flexors for one hour per day for six weeks using an orthosis. Stretching was performed on one leg only to investigate the contralateral force transfer. Maximal isometric strength (MIS) and 1RM were both measured in extended knee joint. Furthermore, we investigated the MCSA of IG in the lateral head of the gastrocnemius (LG) using sonography. Additionally, ROM in the upper ankle was investigated via the functional “knee to wall stretch” test (KtW) and a goniometer device on the orthosis. A two-way ANOVA was performed in data analysis, using the Scheffé Test as post-hoc test.Results: There were high time-effects (p = 0.003, ƞ² = 0.090) and high interaction-effect (p &lt; 0.001, ƞ²=0.387) for MIS and also high time-effects (p &lt; 0.001, ƞ²=0.193) and interaction-effects (p &lt; 0.001, ƞ²=0,362) for 1RM testing. Furthermore, we measured a significant increase of 15.2% in MCSA of LG with high time-effect (p &lt; 0.001, ƞ²=0.545) and high interaction-effect (p=0.015, ƞ²=0.406). In ROM we found in both tests significant increases up to 27.3% with moderate time-effect (p &lt; 0.001, ƞ²=0.129) and high interaction-effect (p &lt; 0.001, ƞ²=0.199). Additionally, we measured significant contralateral force transfers in maximal strength tests of 11.4% (p &lt; 0.001) in 1RM test and 1.4% (p=0.462) in MIS test. Overall, there we no significant effects in control situations for any parameter (CG and non-intervened leg of IG).Discussion: We hypothesize stretching-induced muscle damage comparable to effects of mechanical load of strength training, that led to hypertrophy and thus to an increase in maximal strength. Increases in ROM could be attributed to longitudinal hypertrophy effects, e.g., increase in serial sarcomeres. Measured cross-education effects could be explained by central neural adaptations due to stimulation of the stretched muscles.
The Effect of Voluntary Physical Activity in an Enriched Environment and Combined Exercise Training on the Satellite Cell Pool in Developing Rats
Authors: Rostami Samira , Salehizadeh Reyhaneh , Shamloo Sahar , Fayazmilani Rana 
Published: May 2022

Aim: Postnatal skeletal muscle growth is strongly associated with a satellite cell pool. Early adolescence might be a crucial period when different exercise training interventions have specific consequence on satellite cells. Pax7 and MyoD have been suggested as the leading indicators of satellite cell activation.Methods: In this study, pre-adolescent male rats (n = 18) were either subjected to an enriched environment that facilitated physical activities or combined training or control for three weeks. The flexor hallucis longus muscle was removed for biochemical and histochemical analysis.Results: Findings demonstrated that exercise trained rats displayed high levels of serum IGF-1 (p &lt;0.05). There was an increase in Pax7 (p &lt;0.05) and MyoD (p &lt;0.001) mRNA expression. A significant increase in the mean fiber area (p &lt;0.01), satellite cell (p &lt;0.001), and myonuclear numbers (p &lt;0.01) were also observed in both intervention groups. Importantly, enriched rats showed lower corticosterone levels (p &lt;0.05) compared to training ones. Regarding performance, trained and enriched rats had significant improvement in forelimb grip strength (p &lt;0.01) and load-carrying capacity (p &lt;0.05).Conclusion: Type of physical exercise is an essential part in changing satellite cells pool. Different and frequent physical activities in an enriched environment can be effective for muscle development.