bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postharvest quality and reactive oxygen species metabolism improvement of Coprinus comatus mushroom using allyl isothiocyanate fumigation
Authors: Zheng Enping , Zheng Zhihang , Ren Shiya , Zhou Huabin , Yang Hailong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) on the reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism and quality of postharvest Coprinus comatus (C. comatus). Fresh mushrooms were stored at 4 °C with AITC at 5, 10, and 20 μL/L for 18 d, respectively. Sampling was performed every 3 d, and physicochemical parameters and ROS metabolism related enzymes activities were analyzed. Compared with the control, the application of AITC at 10 μL/L significantly (P&lt;0.05) decreased xanthine oxidase activity after 9 d of storage, while it significantly (P&lt;0.05) improved the activities of succinic dehydrogenase, glutathione reductase, peroxidase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase in the middle and later stages of storage. Furthermore, the Ca2+-ATPase and superoxide dismutase activities in sample treated by 10 μL/L were all significantly (P&lt;0.05) higher than those in the control. Therefore, the accumulation trends of malondialdehyde and ROS were retarded and membrane integrity was maintained. However, high-concentration AITC (20 μL/L) treatment accelerated the ROS generation and increased electrolyte leakage rate. All AITC treatments significantly (P&lt;0.05) inhibited the respiration rate during the first 9 d of storage and retarded browning of C. comatus during the storage of 18 d. These findings suggested that AITC treatment would be a promising method to maintain C. comatus quality, but the concentrations need to be optimized.
Little heterosis found in diploid hybrid potato: The genetic underpinnings of a new hybrid crop
Authors: Adams James R , de Vries Michiel E , Zheng Chaozhi , van Eeuwijk Fred A 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHybrid potato breeding has become a novel alternative to conventional potato breeding allowing breeders to overcome intractable barriers (e.g. tetrasomic inheritance, masked deleterious alleles, obligate clonal propagation) with the benefit of seed-based propagule, flexible population design, and the potential of hybrid vigor. Until now, however, no formal inquiry has adequately examined the relevant genetic components for complex traits in hybrid potato populations. In this present study, we use a 2-step multivariate modeling approach to estimate the variance components to assess the magnitude of the general and specific combining abilities in diploid hybrid potato. Specific combining ability effects were identified for all yield components studied here warranting evidence of nonadditive genetic effects in hybrid potato yield. However, the estimated general combining ability effects were on average 2 times larger than their respective specific combining ability quantile across all yield phenotypes. Tuber number general combining abilities and specific combining abilities were found to be highly correlated with total yield’s genetic components. Tuber volume was shown to have the largest proportion of additive and nonadditive genetic variation suggesting under-selection of this phenotype in this population. The prominence of additive effects found for all traits presents evidence that the mid-parent value alone is useful for hybrid potato evaluation. Heterotic vigor stands to be useful in bolstering simpler traits but this will be dependent on target phenotypes and market requirements. This study represents the first diallel analysis of its kind in diploid potato using material derived from a commercial hybrid breeding program.
Assessing Equitable Inclusion of Underrepresented Older Adults in Alzheimer’s Disease, Related Cognitive Disorders, and Aging-Related Research: A Scoping Review
Authors: Godbole Nisha , Kwon Simona C , Beasley Jeannette M , Roberts Timothy , Kranick Julie , Smilowitz Jessica , Park Agnes , Sherman Scott E , Trinh-Shevrin Chau , Chodosh Joshua 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background and Objectives
The rapidly aging and diversifying U.S. population is challenged by increases in prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and aging-related disorders. We conducted a scoping review to assess equitable inclusion of diverse older adult populations in aging research focused on National Institutes of Health (NIH)-sponsored research.

Research Design and Methods
The scoping review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocol. The search was limited to NIH-funded studies focusing on aging, AD, and Alzheimer’s disease-related dementias (ADRD) and included adults aged 55 and older. The priority populations and health disparities put forth by the National Institute on Aging Health Disparities Framework serve as a model for guiding inclusion criteria and for interpreting the representation of these underrepresented groups, including racial-ethnic minorities, socioeconomically disadvantaged, rural populations, groups with disabilities, and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer or questioning (LGBTQ) communities.

Results
Our search identified 1,177 records, of which 436 articles were included in the analysis. Inclusion of individuals with ADRD and mild cognitive impairment, racial-ethnic minorities, rural populations, socioeconomically disadvantaged, groups with disabilities, and LGBTQ communities were poorly specified in most studies. Studies used multiple recruitment methods, conducting studies in community settings (59%) and hospitals/clinics (38%) most frequently. Incentives, convenience factors, and sustained engagement via community-based and care partners were identified as key strategies for improved retention.

Discussion and Implications
This scoping review identified gaps in existing literature and aims for future work, including stronger research focus on, better inclusion of, and improved data collection and reporting of older adults from underrepresented groups.
Exploring the role of social representations in micro-health insurance scheme enrolment and retainment in sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review
Authors: Kalolo Albino , Gautier Lara , De Allegri Manuela 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Low enrolment in micro-health insurance (MHI) schemes is a recurring issue affecting the viability of such schemes. Beyond the efforts addressing low subscription and retention in these schemes, little is known on how social representations are related to micro-health insurance schemes enrolment and retention. This scoping review aimed at exploring the role of social representations in shaping enrollment and retention in MHI in sub-Saharan Africa. We reviewed qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods studies conducted between 2004 and 2019 in sub-Saharan Africa. We limited our search to peer-reviewed and grey literature in English and French reporting on social representations of MHI. We defined social representations as conventions, cultural and religious beliefs, local rules and norms, local solidarity practices, political landscape and social cohesion. We applied the framework developed by Arksey and O’Malley and modified by Levac et al. to identify and extract data from relevant studies. We extracted information from a total of 78 studies written in English (60%) and in French (40%) of which 56% were conducted in West Africa. More than half of all studies explored either cultural and religious beliefs (56%) or social conventions (55%) whereas only 37% focused on social cohesion (37%). Only six papers (8%) touched upon all six categories of social representation considered in this study whereas 25% of the papers studied more than three categories. We found that all the studied social representations influence enrollment and retention in MHI schemes. Our findings highlight the paucity of evidence on social representations in relation to MHI schemes. This initial attempt to compile evidence on social representations invites more research on the role those social representations play on the viability of MHI schemes. Our findings call for program design and implementation strategies to consider and adjust to local social representations in order to enhance scheme attractiveness.
Fighting misinformation on social media: effects of evidence type and presentation mode
Authors: Song Yunya , Wang Sai , Xu Qian 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Designing corrective messages to debunk misinformation online is an important practice toward ending the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic as health-related misinformation has proliferated on social media misguiding disease prevention measures. Despite research on the use of statistical evidence and message modality in persuasion, the effects of evidence type (assertions with versus without statistical evidence) and presentation mode (text-only versus image-only versus text-plus-image) have been understudied. This study examined the impact of evidence type and presentation mode on individuals’ responses to corrective messages about COVID-19 on social media. The results showed that the presence of statistical evidence in assertions reduced message elaboration, which in turn reduced the effects of the message in correcting misperceptions, decreased perceived message believability and lowered social media users’ intentions to further engage with and disseminate the corrective message. Compared to the text-only modality and the text-plus-image modality, the image-only modality triggered significantly lower levels of message elaboration, which subsequently heightened message believability and increased user engagement intentions. The theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Efficacy of Hepatitis B Vaccination with a Novel Immunostimulatory Sequence Adjuvant (Heplisav-B) in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Kwon Joshua Y , Daoud Nader D , Hashash Jana G , Picco Michael F , Farraye Francis A 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundOwing to the use of immunosuppressive agents, patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have an increased risk of vaccine preventable diseases, including infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV). Heplisav-B, an FDA-approved vaccine, is more effective (90% to 100%) than Engerix-B (70.5% to 90.2%) at inducing immunity to HBV in clinical studies. Available data on efficacy of Heplisav-B vaccine in patients with IBD are limited.MethodsThis retrospective observational study included patients age 18 years and older with ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn’s disease (CD) who received 1 or 2 doses of Heplisav-B vaccine and had postvaccination serologic testing. Prior to immunization, all participants were seronegative for HBsAb antibodies (HBsAb) measured as &lt;10 IU/mL. Postvaccination HBsAb of ≥10 IU/mL was considered successful vaccination. Patient demographics, disease characteristics, and medications were abstracted.ResultsOne hundred six patients were included in the analysis. Median age was 43 years, and 44 (42%) were female. Thirty-nine patients (37%) had UC, whereas 67 (63%) had CD. Eighty-three patients (78.3%) had active immunity after vaccination with Heplisav-B, with median postvaccination HBsAb levels of 114 IU/L. Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, immunomodulator use, or those on 2 or more of immunosuppressive medications were less likely to respond to Heplisav-B, though these findings were not statistically significant on a multivariate analysis aside from chronic kidney disease.ConclusionsHeplisav-B, a 2-dose vaccine, is an effective vaccine for HBV in patients with IBD. In our study, its overall efficacy (78.3%) is greater than that reported for the presently available 3-dose vaccination (Engerix) in patients with IBD.
CFD analysis and comparison of conventional type and perforated plate type shell tube heat exchangers
Authors: İnan Ahmet Talat , Köten Hasan , Kartal Mehmet Akif 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The baffle plate is the most important elements affecting not only the thermal efficiency but also the hydraulic performance of shell-tube heat exchangers that can be designed in different types today and can be put into the production phase. Different designs of baffle plates are closely related to thermal performance with pressure drop as well. In this investigation, the design geometry of the shell-tube type was carried out by means of the ANSYS Fluent program.
In the analyses, it is purposed to examine the consequences on the heat transfer rate per drop of pressure and not only the pressure’s drop but also the coefficient parameter of heat transfer of the exchangers in which traditional one-piece type baffle plate and perforated type baffle plate are used where the shell side. Here, water is used as the working fluid; it was examined as 1.2, 1.5, 1.8 and 2.1 kg/h at four varied mass flow rates (m). As a result, the values compared to the traditional one-piece baffle plate and the perforated type baffle plate. It has been monitored that the heat transfer rates per drop of pressure vary.
Experimental and simulation performance optimization of an exhaust air heat recovery heat pump unit
Authors: Wang Zhiyi , Lu Xiaohong , Wang Gaoyuan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In order to optimize the performance of exhaust air heat recovery heat pump unit (EAHRHPU), Simulink system simulation and Simulink-M file optimization model were established in this paper to study the performance of the unit in variable outdoor air conditions by combining experiment. Finally, the optimal performance of coefficient and the corresponding optimal bypass fresh air flow rate of the unit in different outdoor temperature was obtained. The results showed that the change trend of the simulation value and the test value of the unit’s performance parameters is consistent, and the maximum deviation is controlled within ±7.00% in the standard cooling condition and variable bypass fresh air. The simulation model can correctly reflect the performance changes of the unit during the operation. The operation performance of the unit was affected by the temperature and air flow rate of the bypass fresh air in variable outdoor conditions. The Simulink-M file optimization model can obtain the specific value of the optimal bypass air flow rate in different outdoor temperatures. As the outdoor temperature increases, the optimal bypass fresh air flow rate increases first and then decreases. With the use of variable frequency fans, the unit can achieve better energy utility effect. The research could be considered as the useful reference for improving the operation performance of the EAHRHPU.
Wedge Domains in Compactly Causal Symmetric Spaces
Authors: Neeb Karl-Hermann , Ólafsson Gestur 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMotivated by constructions in Algebraic Quantum Field Theory we introduce wedge domains in compactly causal symmetric spaces $M=G/H$, which includes in particular anti-de Sitter space in all dimensions and its coverings. Our wedge domains generalize Rindler wedges in Minkowski space. The key geometric structure we use is the modular flow on $M$ defined by an Euler element in the Lie algebra of $G$. Our main geometric result asserts that three seemingly different characterizations of these domains coincide: the positivity domain of the modular vector field, the domain specified by a KMS-like analytic extension condition for the modular flow, and the domain specified by a polar decomposition in terms of certain cones. In the second half of the article we show that our wedge domains share important properties with wedge domains in Minkowski space. If $G$ is semisimple, there exist unitary representations $(U,{\mathcal {H}})$ of $G$ and isotone covariant nets of real subspaces $\textsf {H}({\mathcal {O}}) \subseteq {\mathcal {H}}$, defined for any open subset ${\mathcal {O}} \subseteq M$, which assign to connected components of the wedge domains a standard subspace whose modular group corresponds to the modular flow on $M$. This corresponds to the Bisognano–Wichmann property in Quantum Field Theory. We also show that the set of $G$-translates of the connected components of the wedge domain provides a geometric realization of the abstract wedge space introduced by the first author and V. Morinelli.
Impact of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines on Antibiotic-Nonsusceptible Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in the United States
Authors: Bajema Kristina L , Gierke Ryan , Farley Monica M , Schaffner William , Thomas Ann , Reingold Arthur L , Harrison Lee H , Lynfield Ruth , Burzlaff Kari E , Petit Susan , Barnes Meghan , Torres Salina , Vagnone Paula M Snippes , Beall Bernard , Pilishvili Tamara 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Antibiotic-nonsusceptible invasive pneumococcal disease (NS-IPD) incidence declined dramatically in the United States after introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) into the infant immunization schedule (7-valent PCV7 in 2000, replaced by the 13-valent PCV13 in 2010). We evaluated the long-term impact of PCVs on NS-IPD.

Methods
We identified IPD cases through the Centers for Disease Control Active Bacterial Core surveillance during 1998–2018. Isolates intermediate or resistant to ≥1 antibiotic class were classified as nonsusceptible. We calculated annual rates of IPD (cases per 100 000 persons).

Results
From 1998 through 2018, NS-IPD incidence decreased from 43.9 to 3.2 among children &lt;5 years and from 19.8 to 9.4 among adults ≥65 years. Incidence of vaccine-type NS-IPD decreased in all age groups, whereas incidence of nonvaccine type (NVT) NS-IPD increased in all age groups; the greatest absolute increase in NVT NS-IPD occurred among adults ≥65 years (2.3 to 7.2). During 2014–2018, NVTs 35B, 33F, 22F, and 15A were the most common NS-IPD serotypes.

Conclusions
Nonsusceptible IPD incidence decreased after PCV7 and PCV13 introduction in the United States. However, recent increases in NVT NS-IPD, most pronounced among older adults, have been observed. New higher valency PCVs containing the most common nonsusceptible serotypes, including 22F and 33F, could help further reduce NS-IPD.
A variety of ‘exhausted’ T cells in the tumor microenvironment
Authors: Nagasaki Joji , Togashi Yosuke 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn T-cell biology, ‘exhaustion’ was initially described as a hyporesponsive state in CD8+ T cells during chronic infections. Recently, exhaustion has been recognized as a T-cell dysfunctional state in the tumor microenvironment (TME). The term ‘exhaustion’ is used mainly to refer to effector T cells with a reduced capacity to secrete cytokines and an increased expression of inhibitory receptors. The up-regulation of exhaustion-related inhibitory receptors, including programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), in such T cells has been associated with the development of tumors, prompting the development of immune checkpoint inhibitors. In addition to CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, including the regulatory T (Treg) cell subset, perform a wide variety of functions within the adaptive immune system. Up-regulation of the same inhibitory receptors that are associated with CD8+ T-cell exhaustion has also been identified in CD4+ T cells in chronic infections and cancers, suggesting a similar CD4+ T-cell exhaustion phenotype. For instance, high expression of PD-1 has been observed in Treg cells in the TME, and such Treg cells can play an important role in the resistance to PD-1 blockade therapies. Furthermore, recent progress in single-cell RNA sequencing has shown that CD4+ T cells with cytotoxic activity are also vulnerable to exhaustion. In this review, we will discuss novel insights into various exhausted T-cell subsets, which could reveal novel therapeutic targets and strategies to induce a robust anti-tumor immune response.
Nitrogen excretion from beef cattle fed a wide range of diets compiled in an intercontinental dataset: a meta-analysis
Authors: Bougouin Adeline , Hristov Alexander , Zanetti Diego , Filho Sebastiao C V , Rennó Lucianna N , Menezes Ana C B , Silva Jarbas M , Alhadas Herlon M , Mariz Lays D S , Prados Laura F , Beauchemin Karen A , McAllister Tim , Yang WenZhu Z , Koenig Karen M , Goossens Karen , Yan Tianhai , Noziere Pierre , Jonker Arjan , Kebreab Ermias 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Manure N from cattle contributes to nitrate leaching, nitrous oxide, and ammonia emissions. Measurement of manure N outputs on commercial beef cattle operations is laborious, expensive, and impractical; therefore, models are needed to predict N excreted in urine and feces. Building robust prediction models requires extensive data from animals under different management systems worldwide. Thus, the study objectives were to 1) collate an international dataset of N excretion in feces and urine based on individual observations from beef cattle; 2) determine the suitability of key variables for predicting fecal, urinary, and total manure N excretion; and 3) develop robust and reliable N excretion prediction models based on individual observation from beef cattle consuming various diets. A meta-analysis based on individual beef data from different experiments was carried out from a raw dataset including 1,004 observations from 33 experiments collected from 5 research institutes in Europe (n = 3), North America (n = 1), and South America (n = 1). A sequential approach was taken in developing models of increasing complexity by incrementally adding significant variables that affected fecal, urinary, or total manure N excretion. Nitrogen excretion was predicted by fitting linear mixed models with experiment as a random effect. Simple models including dry matter intake (DMI) were better at predicting fecal N excretion than those using only dietary nutrient composition or body weight (BW). Simple models based on N intake performed better for urinary and total manure N excretion than those based on DMI. A model including DMI and dietary component concentrations led to the most robust prediction of fecal and urinary N excretion, generating root mean square prediction errors as a percentage of the observed mean values of 25.0% for feces and 25.6% for urine. Complex total manure N excretion models based on BW and dietary component concentrations led to the lowest prediction errors of about 14.6%. In conclusion, several models to predict N excretion already exist, but the ones developed in this study are based on individual observations encompassing larger variability than the previous developed models. In addition, models that include information on DMI or N intake are required for accurate prediction of fecal, urinary, and total manure N excretion. In the absence of intake data, equations have poor performance as compared with equations based on intake and dietary component concentrations.