bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overview of monitoring methods of press‐pack insulated gate bipolar transistor modules under different package failure modes
Authors: Liu Renkuan , Li Hui , Yao Ran , Lai Wei , Xiao Wang , Tan Hongtao 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPress‐pack insulated gate bipolar transistor modules (PP‐IGBTs) have been widely used in high‐voltage and high‐power‐density applications, such as high‐voltage direct‐current (HVDC) converters, because of their advantages of low thermal resistance, double side cooling, and short‐circuit failure mode. Package failure is one of the main reasons for IGBT module failure. Package condition monitoring is the key to realizing modules fault diagnosis, condition prediction, and intelligent operation and maintenance. At present, a variety of characteristic parameters, such as on voltage and junction temperature, are used in package condition monitoring. However, the characteristic parameters show different variation laws under different package degradation modes. Therefore, the relationship between package degradation modes and characteristic parameters is the key to realizing the condition monitoring, so as to improve the reliability of the power electronic system. In this paper, first, the package structure of a PP‐IGBT is analyzed. Second, the mechanisms of fretting wear degradation, gate‐oxide degradation, spring degradation, lid warping degradation, micro arcing degradation, short‐circuit failure, and open‐circuit failure are reviewed. The variation laws of characteristic parameters under each degradation and failure mode are then investigated. Finally, three difficult problems including characteristic parameter measurement, especially pressure monitoring, high‐sensitivity detection, and characterization and evaluation, are discussed and analyzed.
Polarimetric signatures of hot spots in black hole accretion flows
Authors: Vos J. , Mościbrodzka M. A. , Wielgus M. 
Published: October 2022

Context. The flaring events observed in the Sagittarius A* supermassive black hole system can be attributed to the nonhomogeneous nature of the near-horizon accretion flow. Bright regions in this flow may be associated with density or temperature anisotropies, corresponding to so-called “bright spots” or “hot spots.” Such orbiting features may explain observations at infrared wavelengths, as well as recent findings at millimeter wavelengths.
Aims. In this work, we study the emission from an orbiting equatorial bright spot, imposed on a radiatively inefficient accretion flow background, to find polarimetric features indicative of the underlying magnetic field structure and other system variables, including inclination angle, spot size, black hole spin, and more. Specifically, we investigate the impact of these parameters on the Stokes 𝒬 − 𝒰 signatures that commonly exhibit a typical double loop (pretzel-like) structure.
Methods. Our semi-analytical model, describing the underlying plasma conditions and the orbiting spot, is built within the framework of the numerical radiative transfer code ipole, which calculates synchroton emission at 230 GHz.
Results. We showcase the wide variety of 𝒬 − 𝒰 loop signatures and the relation between inner and outer loops. For the vertical magnetic field topology, the inner 𝒬 − 𝒰 loop is explained by the suppression of the synchrotron emission as seen by the distant observer. For the radial and toroidal magnetic field topologies, the inner 𝒬 − 𝒰 loop corresponds to the part of the orbit where the spot is receding with respect to the observer.
Conclusions. Based on our models, we conclude that it is possible to constrain the underlying magnetic field topology with an analysis of the 𝒬 − 𝒰 loop geometry, particularly in combination with circular polarization measurements.
Platelets and Sera from Donors of Convalescent Plasma after Mild COVID-19 Show No Procoagulant Phenotype
Authors: Uzun Günalp , Singh Anurag , Abou-Khalel Wissam , Pelzl Lisann , Weich Karoline , Nowak-Harnau Stefanie , Althaus Karina , Bugert Peter , Klüter Harald , Bakchoul Tamam 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCoronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is associated with increased thromboembolic complications. Long-term alteration in the coagulation system after acute COVID-19 infection is still a subject of research. Furthermore, the effect of sera from convalescent subjects on platelets is not known. In this study, we investigated platelet phenotype, coagulation, and fibrinolysis in COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) donors and analyzed convalescent sera-induced effects on platelets. We investigated CCP donors who had a history of mild COVID-19 infection and donors who did not have COVID-19 were used as controls. We analyzed phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization, CD62p expression, and glycoprotein VI (GPVI) shedding both in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and after incubation of washed healthy platelets with donors' sera using flow cytometry. Coagulation and fibrinolysis systems were assessed with thromboelastometry. Forty-seven CCP donors (22 males, 25 females; mean age (±SD): 41.4 ± 13.7 years) with a history of mild COVID-19 infection were included. Median duration after acute COVID-19 infection was 97 days (range, 34–401). We did not find an increased PS externalization, CD62p expression, or GPVI shedding in platelets from CCP donors. Sera from CCP donors did not induce PS externalization or GPVI shedding in healthy platelets. Sera-induced CD62p expression was slightly, albeit statistically significantly, lower in CCP donors than in plasma donors without a history of COVID-19. One patient showed increased maximum clot firmness and prolonged lysis time in thromboelastometry. Our findings suggest that procoagulant platelet phenotype is not present after mild COVID-19. Furthermore, CCP sera do not affect the activation status of platelets.
Berufliche Teilhabe nach einer medizinischen Rehabilitation aufgrund
von Erkrankungen des Verdauungssystems. Repräsentative Analysen auf
Basis der Routinedaten der Deutschen Rentenversicherung
Authors: Streibelt Marco , Hüppe Angelika , Langbrandtner Jana , Steimann Gero , Zollmann Pia 
Published: October 2022

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Erkrankungen des Verdauungssystems wie Morbus Crohn (MC) oder Colitis
Ulcerosa (CU) gehen mit Problemen in der beruflichen Teilhabe einher, machen
aber nur einen kleinen Teil aller Rehabilitationsleistungen der Deutschen
Rentenversicherung (DRV) aus. Die medizinische Rehabilitation ist eine gute
Behandlungsoption, ihre Wirksamkeit hinsichtlich berufsbezogener
Zielgrößen ist jedoch unklar. Ebenso liegen bislang keine
repräsentativen Befunde zur Rückkehr in Arbeit nach einer
gastroenterologischen Rehabilitation sowie zu relevanten Einflussfaktoren vor.
Diese Lücke zu schließen ist Ziel der vorliegenden Analyse.
Methodik Verwendet wurde die Reha-Statistik-Datenbasis der DRV.
Eingeschlossen wurden Rehabilitand*innen, die in 2017 eine medizinische
Rehabilitation aufgrund einer Erkrankung des Verdauungssystems abgeschlossen
haben. Die Analysen wurden für die Gesamtgruppe sowie differenziert nach
den Diagnosegruppen MC, UC, Divertikelkrankheiten (DI) sowie Erkrankungen des
Pankreas (PA) durchgeführt. Berufliche Teilhabe wurde sowohl
über eine monatliche Zustandsvariable bis 24 Monate nach der
Rehabilitation als auch als Quote aller Personen, die nach 12 respektive 24
Monaten im Erhebungsmonat und den 3 vorhergehenden Monaten
sozialversicherungspflichtig beschäftigt waren, operationalisiert.
Für die Analyse der Einflussfaktoren auf stabile berufliche Teilhabe
wurden multiple logistische Regressionsmodelle mit schrittweisem Einschluss,
getrennt für die Quoten nach 12 und 24 Monaten, kalkuliert.
Ergebnisse Insgesamt flossen 8.795 Datensätze in die Analyse ein
(darunter MC: n=1.779, 20%; CU: n=1.438, 16%;
DI: 1.282, 15%; PA: n=761, 9%). Der Altersdurchschnitt
in den Gruppen lag zwischen 44 (MC) und 54 (DI) Jahren, der Anteil der Frauen
zwischen 28% (PA) und 57% (MC). Zwischen 16% (DI) und
32% (PA) der Rehabilitand*innen wiesen Fehlzeiten von 6 und mehr
Monaten im Jahr vor der Leistung auf. Zwei Jahre nach der Rehabilitation lagen
die Rückkehrquoten in Arbeit bei 69% (MC), 71% (CU),
68% (DI) und 58% (PA). Die stärksten Einflussfaktoren
auf stabile berufliche Teilhabe waren die Fehlzeiten und das Entgelt vor
Rehabilitation sowie die Arbeitsfähigkeit bei Aufnahme.
Schlussfolgerung Zwei Jahre nach der Teilnahme an einer
gastroenterologischen Rehabilitation in Deutschland befinden sich 6 bis 7 von 10
Betroffenen in stabiler beruflicher Teilhabe. Relevante Einflussfaktoren auf die
Entwicklung sind Arbeitsunfähigkeit und Entgelthöhe im Vorfeld
der Rehabilitation. Die Ergebnisse unterstützen eine Erweiterung des
Reha-Konzeptes um arbeitsbezogene Aspekte.
Kreislaufstillstand nach Geschlechtsverkehr
Authors: Kozlov Anton , Hoffmann Ina , Ridwan Hani , Schröder Stefan 
Published: October 2022

ZusammenfassungDie akute aneurysmatische Subarachnoidalblutung (SAB) ist ein oft junge, beruflich tätige Menschen treffendes Krankheitsbild mit hoher Morbidität und Mortalität. Obwohl kardiologische
Komplikationen wie ischämietypische EKG-Veränderungen oder eine Stresskardiomyopathie häufig beobachtete Epiphänomene einer SAB darstellen, tragen sie häufig zu einer Fehltriage und
verzögerten Behandlung der SAB bei. Wir schildern die Schwierigkeiten der prä- und innerklinischen Entscheidungsfindung in diesem klinischen Setting am Fall eines 48-jährigen Patienten,
welcher sich im Rettungsdienst mit Herz-Kreislauf-Stillstand präsentierte und in der innerklinischen Diagnostik das Bild einer Tako-Tsubo-Kardiomyopathie bot.
Radiological Spectrum of Pseudoangiomatous Stromal Hyperplasia of Breast—A Case Series
Authors: Parameswaran Prathiba Rajalakshmi , Renganathan Rupa , Subramaniam Prema , Thakur Vinita 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia (PASH) is a benign mesenchymal tumor-like lesion of the breast. It is commonly seen as incidental background changes of the intralobular stroma in biopsy specimens performed for other breast lesions. Less frequently, it presents as a nodular form that has a benign morphology on imaging, mimicking fibroadenoma or as a diffuse form causing progressive massive gigantomastia. Diagnosis is established by biopsy. Knowledge of the imaging appearance of PASH not only facilitates proper assessment of radiopathological correlation but also helps in deciding further management of these lesions. Occasionally, nodular PASH may have a suspicious appearance on imaging wherein excision biopsy is indicated to exclude a coexisting carcinoma.
Neuroaudiological Considerations for the Auditory Brainstem Response and Middle Latency Response Revisited: Back to the Future
Authors: Musiek Frank E. , Baran Jane A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe auditory brainstem response (ABR) and middle latency response (MLR) are two sets of evoked potentials that have made major contributions to the field of diagnostic audiology. Many of these contributions were guided by clinical research audiologists. Though many of these auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) are still being used diagnostically by audiologists, there has been a steep decline in their popularity both clinically and in the research laboratory. This is indeed most unfortunate because these AEPs could and should be advancing our field and benefitting many patients. In this article, some critical research is overviewed that addresses some of the reasons why these AEPs (ABR and MLR) are not being utilized as frequently as they should be for neuroauditory assessments. Reflecting on our past when ABR and MLR were more commonly used can serve as a model for our future. Multiple applications and the diagnostic value of these AEPs are presented in an effort to convince audiologists that these electrophysiologic procedures should be revisited and reapplied in the clinic and research settings. It is argued that the dwindling use of ABR and MLR (and AEPs in general) in the field of audiology is not only remarkably premature but also lacks good scientific grounding. While on the other hand, if applied clinically, the value of these AEPs is both substantial and promising.
Emerging Bacterial Pathogens in the COVID-19 Era: Chryseobacterium gleum—A Case in Point
Authors: Angrup Archana , Sharma Bhawna , Sehgal Inderpaul Singh , Biswal Manisha , Ray Pallab 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Introduction In the ongoing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic, a long hospital stay and empirical broad-spectrum antibiotics make the patients prone to acquire nosocomial infections especially with unconventional organisms, and Chryseobacterium gleum is one such rare nosocomial pathogen.
Methods The given study is a case-series-based study conducted from September 2020 to April 2021 in which clinically suspected pneumonia patients who recovered from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were included.
Results Seventeen C. gleum isolates were obtained in pure culture from the tracheal aspirates of nine COVID-19 patients (including repeat samples to rule out colonization) within a period of eight months (September 2020–April 2021). Our records showed that there has been an increase in the number of isolates of C. gleum obtained in respiratory samples in 2020. We also did a review of literature of all the cases of C. gleum pneumonia reported till now.
Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study reporting the isolation of this rare pathogen from COVID-19 patients with clinical significance in a large cohort of patients. Therefore, it becomes important to consider this pathogen as a significant cause of respiratory infections, especially in patients recovered post COVID-19.
Supramolecular Tools for the Stabilisation of Blue-Phase Liquid Crystals
Authors: Kraus Felix , Giese Michael 
Published: October 2022

Blue phases (BPs), a unique manifestation of chirality in the liquid crystalline state, have gained considerable attention due to the unusual combination of properties such as sub-millisecond response times to electrical fields and Bragg reflection of circularly polarised light. Initially they were regarded as promising materials for the development of the next-level display technologies. However, in recent years, they have gained increasing attention as responsive photonic materials with sensing or optoelectronics properties (photonic mirrors and filters). A major limitation so far has been their narrow temperature range in which they usually exist. The aim of the present review is to summarise the recent efforts made to stabilise BPs by employing specific non-covalent bonds and the principles of supramolecular chemistry.1 Introduction2 Stabilisation of Blue Phases by Supramolecular Methods2.1 Doping Approach2.2 Design Approach3 Conclusions and Outlook
Are healthful behavior change policies ever unethical?
Authors: Braithwaite R. Scott 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPublic health experts often assume that any policy promoting healthful behavior change is inherently and self-evidently ethical. This assumption is incorrect. This Viewpoint describes why evaluating the ethics of a policy to promote healthful behavior change should require (1) valuing consequences for wellbeing proportionately to consequences for health, (2) valuing changes to the distributional equity of health and wellbeing together with their aggregate improvement, and (3) anticipating and surveilling for unintended consequences sufficiently important to offset benefits. I illustrate these three requirements through a hypothetical salt restriction policy, which is unethical if it evokes strong preferences that detract from wellbeing, disproportionately confers health benefits to those who are already healthy, or elicits unintended consequences that offset health benefits. I discuss why analogies of salt restriction mandates are inappropriate. In summary, public health decision-makers should employ more structured, explicit and comprehensive criteria when considering the ethical consequences of policies.
Culture and poverty from a lifeworld stance: rehabilitating a controversial conceptual pair
Authors: Erhard Franz 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper picks up Oscar Lewis’s controversial culture of poverty theorem and shows that it has analytical potential, if applied with a rigorous, dispassionate and actor-bound concept of “culture”. Based on Alfred Schutz’s socio-phenomenological model of the lifeworld, “culture” is understood as the interpretive und pragmatic ways in which actors approach the world. Staying true to this framework, I argue that people in scarce living conditions are deprived of institutionalized possibilities to live out their intentionality. This demoralizes and disorients them, which results in the loss of inner drive and pessimistic attitudes. Fatalism and passiveness infiltrate their action planning. Phenomenology helps to systematize these results into spatial, temporal and social aspects: people in poverty lose opportunities for the appropriation of space, their biographies appear to stagnate and they are preoccupied with securing their social reputation. My results therefore show that poverty should not be understood as a self-isolated subculture. Instead, people in poverty are heavily oriented towards the dominant middleclass and its life models. The interview data that provided these insights were collected in North England and South Wales, in the facilities of subsidiary and counseling bodies, between 2016 and 2019. They were analyzed using methods of hermeneutic text interpretation.
Temperature distribution in a laser-heated diamond anvil cell as described by finite element analysis
Authors: Farah Frederick , Lee Kanani K. M. , Akin Minta C. 
Published: October 2022

Finite element analysis (FEA) is a powerful tool for numerically solving partial differential equations over complex geometries and is thus useful for analyzing heat transport in laser-heated diamond anvil cell (LHDAC) experiments. Our models expand on previously published simulations by calculating the volume-averaged temperatures of both the sample and insulation/pressure media under steady-state heating to determine the thermal pressure of the hot sample. Our goal is to produce an accurate relationship between the measured surface temperature of the absorbing sample and the temperature of the transparent insulating media, which is used to determine thermal pressure but susceptible to steep temperature gradients. We find that in doing so, our FEA models of temperature within the pressure/insulation media can differ from simplified estimates of temperature gradients by more than a factor of 2. We also explore temperature-dependent and temperature-independent thermal conductivity models and find that the volume-averaged temperatures differ by up to a factor of 1.3, forcing the predicted thermal pressures determined to also differ by up to a factor of 1.5 at a temperature of 2000 K at 50 GPa for neon. Higher temperatures exacerbate this difference. We also find that unintentional asymmetric sample insertion and sample heating, which are common in LHDAC experiments, do not have a first-order effect on volume-averaged temperatures. The FEA models, available in both Python and FlexPDE, are versatile across different sample geometries, materials, and heat source laser shapes.
The phase-2 particle x-ray temporal diagnostic for simultaneous measurement of multiple x-ray and nuclear emission histories from OMEGA implosions (invited)
Authors: Kabadi N. , Adrian P. , Stoeckl C. , Sorce A. , Sio H. W. , Bedzyk M. , Evans T. , Ivancic S. , Katz J. , Knauer J. , Pearcy J. , Weiner D. , Betti R. , Birkel A. , Cao D. , Johnson M. Gatu , Regan S. P. , Petrasso R. D. , Frenje J. 
Published: October 2022

Electron-temperature (Te) measurements in implosions provide valuable diagnostic information, as Te is negligibly affected by residual flows and other non-thermal effects unlike ion-temperature inferred from a fusion product spectrum. In OMEGA cryogenic implosions, measurement of Te(t) can be used to investigate effects related to time-resolved hot-spot energy balance. The newly implemented phase-2 Particle X-ray Temporal Diagnostic (PXTD) utilizes four fast-rise (∼15 ps) scintillator-channels with distinct x-ray filtering. Titanium and stepped aluminum filtering were chosen to maximize detector sensitivity in the 10–20 keV range, as it has been shown that these x rays have similar density and temperature weighting to the emitted deuterium–tritium fusion neutrons (DTn) from OMEGA Cryo-DT implosions. High quality data have been collected from warm implosions at OMEGA. These data have been used to infer spatially integrated Te(t) with &lt;10% uncertainty at peak emission. Nuclear and x-ray emission histories are measured with 10 ps relative timing uncertainty for x rays and DTn and 12 ps for x rays and deuterium-He3 protons (D3Hep). A future upgrade to the system will enable spatially integrated Te(t) with 40 ps time-resolution from cryogenic DT implosions.
Proton damage in (Y,Lu,Gd)3(Al,Ga)5O12:Ce mixed garnet scintillators
Authors: Tafoya L. , Geppert-Kleinrath V. , Smith E. , McClellan K. , Pestovich K. , Richards C. , Wiggins B. 
Published: October 2022

Scintillators are vital components for nuclear instrumentation and its applications, including plasma diagnostics and imaging. As yields in controlled fusion experiments increase, the radiation tolerance of scintillator candidates for use in instrumentation is of particular importance. High radiation exposure can damage scintillating materials and alter the optical properties. The effects of radiation damage in Ce-doped mixed garnet ceramics over the compositional range (Y,Gd,Lu)3(Al,Ga)5O12 are investigated using optical techniques. The samples were exposed to 200 keV protons to an accumulated fluence of 1016 protons per square centimeter, then characterized using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). DRS with visible light can assess the radiation tolerance of opaque poly-crystalline samples, which can be easily sintered from powders and thus offer distinct advantages in characterization compared to single crystals. Qualitative trends in induced absorption are presented as a function of composition, and the ideal cerium dopant concentration for Y2LuAl5O12 is determined to be 0.60–0.75 mol. %.
The cosmological vector modes from a monochromatic primordial power spectrum
Authors: Chang Zhe , Zhang Xukun , Zhou Jing-Zhi 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The cosmological background of higher order vector modes can be generated by the first order scalar perturbations. We investigate the second order and the third order vector modes in a radiation-dominated era systematically. The explicit expressions of two point functions 〈V
(n),λ

V
(n),λ'
〉(n = 2,3) and corresponding power spectra are presented. In the case of a monochromatic primordial power spectrum, the second order vector modes do not exist. However, the third order vector modes can be generated by a monochromatic primordial power spectrum. And it is found that the third order vector modes sourced by the second order scalar perturbations dominate the two point function 〈V
(3),λ

V
(3),λ'
〉 and corresponding power spectra.
Effects of reheating on moduli stabilization
Authors: Alam Khursid , Dutta Koushik 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Moduli potential loses its minima due to external energy sources of inflaton energy density or radiation produced at the end of inflation. But, the non-existence of minima does not necessarily mean destabilization of moduli. In fact, the destabilization of moduli is always dependent on the initial field values of the fields. In this work, we study carefully how the effects of reheating ease the problem of moduli destabilization. The associated time scale to produce the thermal bath allows a larger initial field range to stabilize the field. Contrary to the usual notion, the allowed initial field range is larger for higher temperatures when the effective potential is of a run-away nature. This eases the moduli destabilization problem for heavy mass moduli. For low mass moduli (≲ 30 TeV), the allowed field range still causes the cosmological moduli problem by violating the BBN constraints unless its initial abundance is suppressed.