bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Economic Analysis of Technology Change in Tissue Culture and Non-tissue Culture Pointed Gourd in Anand and Kheda Districts of Middle Gujarat
Authors: Rajwadi Alvira , Pundir R.S. 
Published: June 2022

Background: This paper has attempted an economic analysis of tissue-culture pointed gourd and non-tissue culture pointed gourd. As we know that vegetables are rich and comparatively cheaper source of vitamins. Consumption of these items provides taste, palatability and fiber for digestion. Their consumption in plenty provides fair amount of protein and also play a key role in neutralizing the acids produced during digestion of fatty foods. While pointed gourd contains 2 per cent protein, 0.3 per cent fat, 2.2 per cent carbohydrate, 153 IU vitamin A and 29 mg vitamin C per 100g edible portion (www.agrifarming.in). Methods: This study was conducted in the year 2017-18. The study has been conducted in the Anand and Kheda districts of Middle Gujarat using personal interview method. And 4 talukas were selected. Total 80 respondents were selected, out of them 40 were cultivating non-tissue culture and 40 were cultivating tissue culture variety of pointed gourd. Cost and return analysis had been done by using cost concepts. The Garrett ranking technique was used to study the adoption behaviour of farmers. Result: The study revealed that tissue-culture pointed gourd is more beneficial as compared to non-tissue culture pointed gourd. The cost of cultivation (Cost C2) of pointed gourd per hectare for tissue culture and non-tissue culture was ₹ 306655 and ₹ 237216, respectively. The average yield of tissue culture and non-tissue culture pointed gourd was 483 q and 248.49 q, while gross income was ₹ 597595 and ₹ 324741 respectively. Per hectare net returns in tissue culture pointed gourd for Cost C2 was ₹ 290940 whereas for non-tissue culture pointed gourd the per hectare net return over Cost C2 was ₹ 87525. The overall per hectare farm business income, family labour income and farm investment income for tissue culture farmer were found to be significantly higher compared to their counterpart non-tissue culture farmers. The overall input-output ratio on Cost C2 was 1.95 for tissue culture and 1.37 for non-tissue culture. ‘Higher yield’ was the main reason for adoption of tissue culture technology followed by ‘high quality fruit’ and ‘higher income per hectare’. On the whole, the analysis has revealed that the tissue culture technology in pointed gourd cultivation can go a long way in enhancing the farmers income which is the need of the hour.
Evaluation of Endophytes for Enhancing the Growth and Seed Yield in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
Authors: Sajjan Ashok S. , Kanabur Harishkumar Laxman , Santhosh G.P. 
Published: June 2022

Background: Endophytes are microorganisms that reside in the tissues of living plants are relatively unstudied as a potential source of novel natural products for exploitation in medicine, agriculture and industry. In present study, the endophytes were extracted from aerial parts of chickpea (stem and leaves) brought from three different villages of Vijayapur district. Methods: The isolation of bacteria was done and their morphological and biochemical properties were studied. The screening was done to select efficient endophytes based on compatibility test between Rhizobium GV-2 and the isolated endophytic bacteria and indole acetic acid test. Accordingly, three efficient endophytes BL-4, MS-1 and MS-4 were selected and identified as Bacillus thuringiensis, B. cereus strain LPDB2 and B. cereus strain LPDB5 based on 16S rRNA molecular identification. These three efficient endophytes along with the Rhizobium GV-2 were treated with the chickpea seeds in different combinations and sown in pot culture and field condition to check the effect of endophytes on crop performance in chickpea. The observations on plant height and dry matter at 30 DAS, 60 DAS and at harvest, number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, seed yield per plant, seed yield per net plot, seed yield per hectare were recorded. Result: The significant difference was observed among the treatments and the results revealed that treatment with B. thuringiensis+B. cereus strain LPDB2+B. cereus strain LPDB5+Rhizobium GV-2 noticed significantly higher performance in growth and yield parameters.
Assessment of drinking water from storage tanks in Federal University Dutse Nigeria
Authors: Adeleye Adeniyi Olarewaju , Godwin Abigail O. , Amoo Afeez Oladeji , Ijanu Emmanuel Madu , Amoo Florence Kemi , Yerima Mohammed Bello 
Published: June 2022

The study assessed the quality of water obtainable in six (6) storage tanks present in the male and female hostels on the Federal University Dutse campus. Physicochemical analyses; temperature, pH, turbidity, electrical conductivity, nitrate, and phosphate were conducted using standard methods. Presumptive, confirmed, and completed tests were employed to determine total and fecal coliforms from the water samples using the most probable number (MPN) technique. Generated results from the parameters were compared with the allowable standards of the Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ) and the World Health Organisation (WHO). Results obtained on the physicochemical status of the water indicate that all measured parameters conformed to NSDWQ and WHO permissible standards. The results obtained in this study also show the presence of bacteria in the water present in the storage tanks which may constitute a health risk amongst students drinking it. It is therefore recommended that the water pumped and stored in these storage tanks should be adequately treated.

Keywords: Coliforms; Fecal; storage tanks; quality; water.
A TAXONOMY STUDY OF MOSQUE ROOF DESIGN IN KLANG VALLEY, MALAYSIA
Authors: Mohamed Nur Amalina Syairah , Shari Zalina , Dahlan Nur Dalilah 
Published: June 2022

Energy is the most important issue to focus on as it contributes to economic development and social growth. Buildings were identified to significantly impact energy usage, where 40% of global energy comes from buildings. Nowadays, many buildings in a tropical climate are equipped with air-conditioners as it is seen as the fastest way to cool down buildings. However, this action impacts the environment. One of the affected buildings that are equipped with air-conditioners is a mosque. However, minimal attention has been given to mosques even though this type of building has a significant total space as other commercial buildings. Furthermore, mosques have a unique pattern of occupancy and energy use. While the major contributor to buildings' energy consumption comes from the roof, scarce information is found regarding roof design and energy consumption for air-conditioned mosques in Malaysia. The study aims at exploring the roof types of mosques in the Klang Valley. The objectives are 1) to identify mosques with air-conditioners in the Klang Valley built between 1998 and 2018, 2) to characterize and classify the specific roof types designed for these identified mosques, and 3) to investigate building energy intensity for mosque buildings in the Klang Valley. This paper presents a taxonomy study to classify roof design for air-conditioned mosques in Klang Valley. The study showed that the flat roof demonstrated high energy consumption and cost. The use of HVLS fans and the association with air-conditioners probably increased the building energy.
Actor-network theory: innovative aspects of sociological methodology
Authors: Denisova Galina , Polonskaya Irina , Susimenko Elena 
Published: June 2022

In recent years, a discussion about the dissatisfaction of scientists with the current state of sociology has intensified in the world sociological community. In this situation, various ways of raising the scientific level of sociology as a whole are proposed. One of them was proposed by B. Latour in the framework of the actor-network theory (ANT), the theoretical concepts of which were further developed in the works of his like-minded colleages. Representatives of the Russian sociology are actively involved in a versatile study of the contribution made by the ANT to the development of sociology. The article studies the basic provisions of the actor-network theory concerning the subject specifics of sociological knowledge, the fundamental difference between the definition of understanding the subject of ANT sociology and the definitions given by traditional sociological trends and paradigms, as well as the consequences of this innovative understanding for the formation of methodological principles for studying social reality. The authors also dwell on the consideration of the most fundamental and controversial methodological innovation of ANT - the “turn to things” and the introduction of the concept of heterogeneity of agents into the understanding of social processes.
Particular attention in the article is paid to the analysis of the meaning of the term “actant”, innovative for sociology, borrowed by the ANT from the semiotic theory of narrative and incorporated into sociology and ontology of the network of associations of heterogeneous actants. Concerning the disagreements between the actor-network theory and the sociological mainstream of our time, the authors dwell on the criticism by ANT theorists of the sociological &amp;quot;metaphysics of social forces&amp;quot;, understood as a way of theoretical legitimation of social inequality. The purpose of the article is to clarify the unity and interconnection of the key innovative positions of ANT in sociological methodology, and through this, to substantiate the significance and heuristic potential of the innovations proposed by the actor-network theory for raising the scientific level of sociology in the study of social reality. As a result, the authors demonstrate the methodological turn of ANT, that makes possible overcoming the gap between sociological theory and social and political practice, thus opening the way for building a new attitude of sociology to reality, returning it to solving not only scientific, but also social and practical problems.
Miguel Poiares Maduro y Paul W. Kahn, Democracy in times of pandemic. different futures imagined
Authors: Collí Ek Víctor 
Published: June 2022

Este artículo reseña: Miguel POIARES MADURO; Paul W. KAHN Democracy in Times of Pandemic. Different futures imagined Cambridge Universitydemocracia minúscula; COVID-19; derechos humanos; división de poderes Press, UK, 2020, 218 pp.
The Performance of Cooperative MIMO Scheme under Slow Fading Channel based on Fountain Code
Authors: Al Wesabi Mohammed Ahmed , Al-Arashi Waled , Al-Shadadi Mohammed 
Published: June 2022

Nowadays, the video calling, video on demand (VOD) and more services are desired for users. These services generate large traffic which requires special techniques for transmission without outages or failure during transmission operation. Fountain Code is the newest method in the encoding theory and it is handle designed to large data. Besides, modern MIMO channel gives higher capacity than traditional channel (SISO channel). This paper looks out of the performance of Fountain Code on MIMO Scheme under Slow Fading Channel. The results show the performance is the best on MIMO (DF). In addition, the performance increases by increasing in the number of receiver antennas.
Keywords: Fountain Code, Luby Transform, Cooperative MIMO, Slow Fading, Bit Error Rate, Decode and Forward (DF).
Sustainability of the Urban Housing Projects in the Yemeni Cities (An Evaluating Study – Taiz City)
Authors: Al-Amery Jameel Abdulqader , Al-Kabab Abdulaziz Ahmed 
Published: June 2022

Yemeni government and some international organizations exerted some efforts as a contribution to solve the problem of housing which considered a key problem facing Yemeni cities including Taiz city. Some housing projects had been executed to provide appropriate housing for some categories, including project for people affected by floods disasters (marginalized people), housing project for low income people, housing project for cleaning laborers which all distributed in various locations of the city. Notwithstanding the efforts exerted to provide housing project in Taiz, however, there are many problems in various aspects either architectural or environmental or economic or social such as weakness of uniformity in the architectural appearance, lack of diversity of housing, difficulty of access to services, shortage of green spaces and other issues that concern sustainability. Thus, this study aims to focus on the issue of sustainability in housing projects as they represent a wide access with multiple dimensions to design and evaluate urban housing, through study and analyze concepts of sustainably and its relation with housing projects, modern planning directions, evaluation tools and extracting indicators by which we can evaluate sustainability and scale the extent of achievement in the projects of housing in Taiz city and to conclude recommendations that may assist to address failure aspects in housing projects in the future in order to contribute to raising the durability of such projects and provide adequate housing and decent life for population of Taiz and other similar cities.
Keywords: Sustainably, Sustainability evaluation, Housing projects, Taiz.
Ternary Electronic Logic Systems Automation: A Novel Study Based on VHDL Language - First Part: Ternary Logic Gates
Authors: Al-Sheikh Zakaria Mohamed H. , Qahtan Abdullah Ali Qasem , Asaad Abdul Raqib Abdo 
Published: June 2022

In this scientific paper, a software library for Ternary logic gates will be built based on VHDL language to be used in the implementation of combinational Ternary logic circuits. The VHDL language had been designed to be used to automate and design Binary electronic logic systems. Therefore, several problems have been arised in adapting the VHDL language to be used with Ternary electronic logic systems. However, these problems have been solved and the result were encouragement to continue the study with the other Ternary components, so that a complete software library based on VHDL language for different Ternary components will be used as a tool in the design and simulation of Ternary electronic logic circuits and systems.
Keywords: Ternary logic, Ternary logic gates, VHDL language.
An Efficient Routing Method for Protection Data Flow in the MPLS Network
Authors: Abdo Asaad Hasan Abdul Raqib , Al-Fuhaidi Belal 
Published: June 2022

This paper presents an efficient method for rerouting traffic in the Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) network, when a fault occurs in the working link. The method has been designed to handle both single and multiple faults based on the protection switching and rerouting techniques. The proposed method leads to less packets loss, has better Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), good throughput and eliminates packet disorder. The proposed method has been simulated using the Network Simulator (NS2) version 2.34 and the simulation results have shown that the proposed method significantly improves the network performance in comparison to similar existing methods.
Keywords: MPLS network, Working link, Protection switching, Rerouting, Network simulator.
Symbiont-driven niche expansion shaped the adaptive radiation of insects
Authors: Cornwallis Charlie , Padje Anouk van't , Ellers Jacintha , Klein Malin , Jackson Raphaella , Kiers Toby , West Stuart , Henry Lee 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
For over 300 million years, insects have relied on symbiotic microbes for nutrition and defence1,2. However, it is unclear whether specific ecological conditions have repeatedly favoured the evolution of symbioses, and how this has influenced insect diversification1,3,4. Using data on 1849 microbe-insect symbioses across 402 insect families, we found that symbionts have allowed insects to specialize on a range of nutrient-imbalanced diets, including phloem, blood and wood. Across diets, the only limiting nutrient consistently associated with the evolution of obligate symbiosis was B vitamins. The shift to new diets, facilitated by symbionts, had mixed consequences for insect diversification. In some cases, such as herbivory, it resulted in spectacular species proliferation. In other niches, such as strict blood feeding, diversification has been severely constrained. Symbioses therefore appear to solve widespread nutrient deficiencies for insects, but the consequences for insect diversification depend on the feeding niche invaded.
Temperate Regenerative Agriculture practices increase soil carbon but not crop yield – a meta-analysis
Authors: Jordon Matthew , Willis Kathy , Bürkner Paul-Christian , Haddaway Neal , Smith Pete , Petrokofsky Gillian 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Regenerative Agriculture (RA) claims to build soil organic carbon (SOC) and increase crop yields through simultaneous adoption of a suite of management practices which restore soil health. However, this claim is largely unevidenced as few studies of fully integrated regenerative systems are currently available. As a first step to addressing this knowledge gap, we here examine three practices now being promoted as part of RA: reducing tillage intensity, cover cropping and including a grass-based phase in arable rotations (ley-arable rotations). Our Bayesian meta-analysis of 195 paired SOC and crop yield observations from a systematic review of published studies finds statistically significant increases in SOC concentration for reduced tillage intensity (0.06 g C.100g-1) and ley-arable rotations (0.05 g C.100-1g per year of ley) compared to conventional practice over an average study duration of 15 years, but no effect of cover crops. None of these practices reduce yield during cropping years, although we find no evidence of a win-win between increasing SOC and enhanced agricultural productivity following adoption. While future work should evaluate the net greenhouse gas emission implications of each practice and investigate the potential for synergistic effects if RA practices are adopted in combination, our results give land managers and policy makers confidence to further adopt these practices without loss of crop yield.
A new scheme for calculating soil thermal diffusivity
Authors: Li Yujie , Gao Xiaoqing , Yang Liwei , Li Zhenchao , Zhou Ya 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Land-atmosphere interaction is one of important causes of climate change. Accurate characterization of physical mechanism of the soil layer can help us better understand land-atmosphere interaction. As one of important thermal properties of soil, soil thermal diffusivity is an important parameter reflecting soil thermal conductivity and a necessary condition for simulating soil thermodynamic environment. Based on comparison of several methods for calculating soil thermal diffusivity (amplitude method, phase method, logarithmic method, arctangent method, Laplace method and numerical methods), we developed a new soil thermal diffusivity model (Thermal conduction-convection method based on Fourier series boundary condition for calculating soil thermal diffusivity, TCCMF) and compares the results of the new model with other methods. The results show that: (1) The accuracy of the results obtained by the amplitude method, phase method, logarithmic method, and arctangent method is not high enough; the Laplace method can better solve the effects of extreme weather or non-periodic changes in soil temperature. (2) When numerical methods are used to solve the thermal conduction equation, Crank-Nichalson-Sch format is unconditionally stable, the data utilization rate is higher, the obtained soil thermal diffusivity is less discrete, and the result is more accurate. (3) The new model (TCCMF) uses the Fourier series method, which is easy to calculate, and has more complete physical process and more flexible precision control. The simulation results of soil temperature using this method show that this method (TCCMF) has better simulation accuracy, indicating that it has potential value in simulating soil thermodynamic characteristics and land-atmosphere interaction.
Tectonic Geomorphology and Seismic Hazard of the East Boundry Thrust in northern segment of the Sunda-Andaman subduction zone
Authors: BHAT GULAM RASOOL , Balaji Sankaran , Ganai Maqbool Yousuf 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The East Boundary Thrust (EBT), is a ~ 500 km long linear to curvilinear deformation zone along the Sunda-Andaman plate edge convergent margin. EBT is the main active tectonic structure responsible for accretionary prism formation and accommodates the bulk of present crustal deformation in the outer arc ridge of the Andaman and Nicobar subduction zone. The EBT marks the up dip expression of subduction mega thrust progressing towards the Andaman trench in the form of actively accreting the frontal prism and deforming the trench sediment sequences above the detachment. We conducted paleoseismic trench investigations of the Jarawa Thrust (JT) (northern 300km segment of EBT) at two specific sites between Ferrargunj in the south and the Radhanagar in the north Andaman. Structural and stratigraphic relationships exposed in a trench excavated across the 6 m high scarp at Ferrargunj show the scarp to be the result of single earthquake. Dating of sediment offset by the fault with optical luminescence indicates the displacement occurred between 2160 ± 300 BP and 400 ± 50 BP. Complex structural deformation is observed in the trench excavated across 10 m high scarp at Radhanagar that similarly indicates the scarp is due to single earthquake. The present findings are helpful for seismic hazard evaluation of the Andaman and Nicobar region, where greater slip deficit and no great earthquake (M ≥ 8) have been accounted so far and suggests potential for earthquakes larger than observed historically.
Comparative Investigation of Photobiomodulation in Diabetes-Impaired Alveolar Bone healing; A Histomorphometrical and Molecular Study
Authors: salari-sedigh hamideh , dalirsani zohreh , shafieian reyhaneh 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Introduction:
Diabetes mellitus is increasing worldwide. Photobiomodulation is proposed as a therapeutic method in various medical concerns. This study aimed to compare the effects of photobiomodulation at the wavelength of 660, 808, or 660 + 808nm, on alveolar bone healing in diabetic rats.
Materials and methods
Bilateral maxillary first molars were extracted from diabetic Wistar rats (n = 36). Right-sided sockets were treated by an In-Ga-Al-P laser at 660nm (7.2 j/cm2, 24 s; DM660), Ga-Al-As laser at 808nm (7 j/cm2, 14 s; DM808), or a combination of these two sets (DM-dual) (n = 12). Left sides served as controls. On days 7 or 14, specimens were assigned for histomorphometric or RT-PCR analysis of RunX2, OCN, COL1 and VEGF expression.
Results
Irradiated sockets of groups DM-808 and DM-dual showed a significant increase in bone tissue and blood vessel establishment as compared to DM-660. Furthermore, group DM-dual exhibited the least amount of fibrosis tissue as compared to the other groups.
Conclusion
Within the limits of this study, our experimental model suggested photobiomodulation at 808nm, whether in form of single or combined irradiation, imposing a therapeutic influence on diabetic alveolar bone healing.