bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ANN based approach for selective detection of breath acetone by using hybrid GO-FET sensor array
Authors: Thakur Uttam Narendra , Bhardwaj Radha , Ajmera Pawan K , Hazra Arnab 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This research used hybrid graphene oxide (GO) field effect transistors (FETs) based sensor array to design an electronic nose (e-nose) for identifying exhaled breath acetone to diagnose diabetes mellitus through noninvasive route. Six back gated FET sensors were fabricated with hybrid channel of GO, WO3 and noble metals (Au, Pd and Pt) nanoparticles. The experiment was carried out by using four distinct forms of synthetic breath, each with a different level of interference. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and artificial neural networks (ANN) were utilized to classify and analyze the sensor response vector. In contrast, partial least square (PLS) and multiple linear regression (MLR) were used to evaluate the exact acetone concentration in synthetic breath. First, LDA was used to lower the dimensionality of the response vector, which was then provided as an input to the ANN model. ANN was performed with ten perceptrons model in the hidden layer and highest accuracy of 99.1% was achieved. Additionally, by using the loading plot of PLS, three sensors (Pt/WO3/GO, Pd/WO3/GO, and WO3/GO) had the ample use to predict the concentration of breath acetone. Moreover, the MLR approach with correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.9572 and root mean square error (RMSE) of 5.63% were used for obtaining the exact concentration of acetone. Consequently, e-nose with matrix of hybrid GO-FET sensors and pattern recognition algorithms (LDA, ANN, PLS and MLR) exhibited considerable ability in selective detection of acetone in synthetic breath.
Aduhelm, the Newly Approved Medication for Alzheimer Disease: What Epidemiologists Can Learn and What Epidemiology Can Offer
Authors: Glymour M Maria , Weuve Jennifer , Dufouil Carole , Mayeda Elizabeth Rose 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is a progressive disorder common among older adults and culminating in profound cognitive impairments and high mortality risk. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recently provided accelerated approval for Aduhelm, a medication for AD treatment. Aduhelm (Biogen Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts) has been described as the first disease-modifying treatment for AD but has not been demonstrated to improve patients’ cognitive or functional outcomes. In this commentary, we describe why Aduhelm approval was controversial and aspects of the current evidence of special pertinence to epidemiologists. The FDA decision was based primarily on 2 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), both terminated early, with conflicting findings about the cognitive benefits of Aduhelm. Both RCTs showed important adverse effects of the medication. The FDA cited the documented reduction in brain amyloid, an AD biomarker hypothesized as a surrogate outcome, to justify accelerated approval. Despite lack of racial/ethnic diversity in the RCT participants, concerns about health disparities have been invoked to argue for public funding of this expensive medication. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services recently made a “Coverage with Evidence Development” determination for Aduhelm and similar medications. We end by describing how innovative study designs could accelerate postapproval research and evaluate the proposed surrogate outcomes.
Divergent Adaptations in Autonomic Nerve Activity and Neuroimmune Signaling Associated With the Severity of Inflammation in Chronic Colitis
Authors: Stavely Rhian , Rahman Ahmed A , Sahakian Lauren , Prakash Monica D , Robinson Ainsley M , Hassanzadeganroudsari Majid , Filippone Rhiannon T , Fraser Sarah , Eri Rajaraman , Bornstein Joel C , Apostolopoulos Vasso , Nurgali Kulmira 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is thought to play a critical role in the anti-inflammatory reflex pathway in acute colitis via its interaction with the spleen and colon. Inflammation in the intestine is associated with a blunting of vagal signaling and increased sympathetic activity. As a corollary, methods to restore sympatho-vagal balance are being investigated as therapeutic strategies for the treatment of intestinal inflammation. Nevertheless, it is indefinite whether these autonomic signaling adaptations in colitis are detrimental or beneficial to controlling intestinal inflammation. In this study, models of moderate and severe chronic colitis are utilized to resolve the correlations between sympatho-vagal signaling and the severity of intestinal inflammation.

Methods
Spleens and colons were collected from Winnie (moderate colitis), Winnie-Prolapse (severe colitis), and control C57BL/6 mice. Changes to the size and histomorphology of spleens were evaluated. Flow cytometry was used to determine the expression of adrenergic and cholinergic signaling proteins in splenic B and T lymphocytes. The inflammatory profile of the spleen and colon was determined using a RT-PCR gene array. Blood pressure, heart rate, splanchnic sympathetic nerve and vagus nerve activity were recorded.

Results
Spleens and colons from Winnie and Winnie-Prolapse mice exhibited gross abnormalities by histopathology. Genes associated with a pro-inflammatory response were upregulated in the colons from Winnie and further augmented in colons from Winnie-Prolapse mice. Conversely, many pro-inflammatory markers were downregulated in the spleens from Winnie-Prolapse mice. Heightened activity of the splanchnic nerve was observed in Winnie but not Winnie-Prolapse mice. Conversely, vagal nerve activity was greater in Winnie-Prolapse mice compared with Winnie mice. Splenic lymphocytes expressing α1 and β2 adrenoreceptors were reduced, but those expressing α7 nAChR and producing acetylcholine were increased in Winnie and Winnie-Prolapse mice.

Conclusions
Sympathetic activity may correlate with an adaptive mechanism to reduce the severity of chronic colitis. The Winnie and Winnie-Prolapse mouse models of moderate and severe chronic colitis are well suited to examine the pathophysiology of progressive chronic intestinal inflammation.
The factorization method for inverse scattering by a two-layered cavity with conductive boundary condition
Authors: Ye Jianguo , Yan Guozheng 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this paper we consider the inverse scattering problem of determining the shape of a two-layered cavity with conductive boundary condition from sources and measurements placed on a curve inside the cavity. First, we show the well-posedness of the direct scattering problem by using the boundary integral equation method. Then, we prove that the factorization method can be applied to reconstruct the interface of the two-layered cavity from near-field data. Some numerical experiments are also presented to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the factorization method.
Localisations of Half-Closed Modules and the Unbounded Kasparov Product
Authors: van den Dungen Koen 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In the context of the Kasparov product in unbounded $K\!K$-theory, a well-known theorem by Kucerovsky provides sufficient conditions for an unbounded Kasparov module to represent the (internal) Kasparov product of two other unbounded Kasparov modules. In this article, we discuss several improved and generalised variants of Kucerovsky’s theorem. First, we provide a generalisation that relaxes the positivity condition, by replacing the lower bound by a relative lower bound. Second, we also discuss Kucerovsky’s theorem in the context of half-closed modules, which generalise unbounded Kasparov modules to symmetric (rather than self-adjoint) operators. In order to deal with the positivity condition for such non-self-adjoint operators, we introduce a fairly general localisation procedure, which (using a suitable approximate unit) provides a “localised representative” for the $K\!K$-class of a half-closed module. Using this localisation procedure, we then prove several variants of Kucerovsky’s theorem for half-closed modules. A distinct advantage of the localised approach, also in the special case of self-adjoint operators (i.e., for unbounded Kasparov modules), is that the (global) positivity condition in Kucerovsky’s original theorem is replaced by a (less restrictive) “local” positivity condition, which is closer in spirit to the well-known Connes–Skandalis theorem in the bounded picture of $K\!K$-theory.
Sharing personal ECG time-series data privately
Authors: Bonomi Luca , Wu Zeyun , Fan Liyue 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveEmerging technologies (eg, wearable devices) have made it possible to collect data directly from individuals (eg, time-series), providing new insights on the health and well-being of individual patients. Broadening the access to these data would facilitate the integration with existing data sources (eg, clinical and genomic data) and advance medical research. Compared to traditional health data, these data are collected directly from individuals, are highly unique and provide fine-grained information, posing new privacy challenges. In this work, we study the applicability of a novel privacy model to enable individual-level time-series data sharing while maintaining the usability for data analytics.Methods and materialsWe propose a privacy-protecting method for sharing individual-level electrocardiography (ECG) time-series data, which leverages dimensional reduction technique and random sampling to achieve provable privacy protection. We show that our solution provides strong privacy protection against an informed adversarial model while enabling useful aggregate-level analysis.ResultsWe conduct our evaluations on 2 real-world ECG datasets. Our empirical results show that the privacy risk is significantly reduced after sanitization while the data usability is retained for a variety of clinical tasks (eg, predictive modeling and clustering).DiscussionOur study investigates the privacy risk in sharing individual-level ECG time-series data. We demonstrate that individual-level data can be highly unique, requiring new privacy solutions to protect data contributors.ConclusionThe results suggest our proposed privacy-protection method provides strong privacy protections while preserving the usefulness of the data.
A New Record ofOrnithoica aequisentaand an Updated Checklist of Hippoboscidae, Nycteribiidae, and Streblidae in China
Authors: Wang Xueshuang , Zhou Ruobing , Lu Liang , Wang Chao , Liu Qiyong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOrnithoica aequisenta Maa 1966 (Diptera: Hippoboscidae) is recorded for the first time from a rodent from China. An updated checklist of louse flies including 21 genera and 52 species of Hippoboscoidea (Hippoboscidae, Nycteribiidae, and Streblidae) is presented for mainland China and Taiwan, including collection records and host species.
Survey and Phylogenetic Analysis of Leucocytozoon (Apicomplexa: Haemosporida) Parasites in Mississippi Black Flies (Diptera: Simuliidae)
Authors: Ber Jessica Lynn , Goddard Jerome , Nations Tina M , Outlaw Diana C 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
For several years, there have been continuous reports of black flies in Mississippi with evidence of transmission of Leucocytozoon spp. This study was conducted to determine the presence and diversity of Leucocytozoon spp. in black flies captured throughout Mississippi. Thirty-three collections, consisting of 346 specimens, were made during the 2-yr period (2015–2016) at 10 locations around the state. In addition to these systematic biweekly collections, 46 specimens were taken in 10 collections at four additional sites from 2009 to 2014, as well as 388 specimens taken in 14 collections during a severe black fly outbreak during March and April of 2018. Out of 186 pooled samples, 21 samples were positive for haemosporidian DNA. Eighteen of those samples were identified as Leucocytozoon spp. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using the novel sequences along with existing sequences from the MalAvi database. Results showed several of the sequences constructed in this study had high divergence from the existing sequences from the database.
Prevalence of Cockroaches, Bed Bugs, and House Mice in Low-Income Housing and Evaluation of Baits for Monitoring House Mouse Infestations
Authors: Abbar Salehe , Cooper Richard , Ranabhat Sabita , Pan Xiaodan , Sked Shannon , Wang Changlu 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Pests are frequently found in homes, especially in apartment buildings in low-income communities. We investigated the prevalence and patterns of pest infestations in low-income communities in four cities (Jersey City, Linden, Paterson, Trenton) in New Jersey, USA. Resident interviews, visual inspections, and the placement of monitors were used to identify pest infestations. A total of 1,753 apartments from 19 buildings or building complexes were accessed. The infestation rates of cockroaches, bed bugs (Cimex lectularius L.), and house mice (Mus musculus domesticus Schwarz and Schwarz) were 37, 9, and 20%, respectively. Among apartments with cockroaches, 97.8, 2.5, and 0.8% had German cockroach [Blattella germanica (L.)], American cockroach [Periplaneta americana (L.)], and Oriental cockroach (Blatta orientalis L.), respectively. The percentage of residents who were aware of the presence of cockroaches, bed bugs, and house mice was 70.8, 55.3, and 56.8%, respectively. The prevalence of pest infestation was associated with resident ethnicity and gender. Among 856 interview responses, 78% implemented methods themselves to control pests in their homes in the past six months. Chocolate spread detected 99% of house mouse infestations and was much more sensitive than three commercial blank baits. Significant differences were also observed in the feeding preference of the three commercial blank baits.
Meta-Dracula: Contagion and the Colonial Gothic
Authors: Raza Kolb Anjuli Fatima 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This essay, excerpted with permission from my recent book Epidemic Empire (University of Chicago Press, 2021) is about the colonial Gothic and the appearance therein of the paradigm of contagion as a metonym for political violence. I show how Bram Stoker’s Dracula, the most enduring and popular novel in this archive, is so capacious in its allegorical accommodations that it has been read as incorporating nearly every threat and monster of its own time and place, as well as those of its scenes of critical reception. More than indexing historical referents, I argue, the novel is a kind of allegory of allegories, producing new epistemes about multisystemic threats and carrying them forward into the crises of our own moment – global pandemic, terrorism, the collapse of empires. Following Fanon, who invokes the rich mythology of the vampire to point out colonial discourse’s specific habits of dehumanization, we can locate Dracula in an important archive of colonial writing that sets the ‘science’ of monsters on its infinite course and advances a reading practice that borrows from the surveillance apparatus and epidemic narrative strategies of colonial disease literature. Because of its extraordinary durability, Dracula is a crucial textual conduit in the transmission of minor ideas about the circulation of terror, rebellion, racialized bodies, foreign materials, and communicable disease from largely forgotten nineteenth-century texts and contexts into the common sense of late empire and late capitalism. Although Dracula is not a terribly self-conscious, systematically researched, or ideologically consistent text, it is decisive in its effects.
The prospects of finding tidal disruption events with 2.5-m Wide-Field Survey Telescope based on mock observations
Authors: Lin Zheyu , Jiang Ning , Kong Xu 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
Optical time-domain surveys have been the dominant means of hunting for rare tidal disruption events (TDEs) in the past decade and remarkably advanced the TDE study. Particularly, the Zwicky Transient Facility has opened the era of population studies, and the upcoming Large Survey of Space and Time at the Vera Rubin Observatory is believed to further revolutionize the field soon. Here, we present the prospects of finding TDEs with another powerful survey to be performed by 2.5-m Wide-Field Survey Telescope (WFST). The WFST, located in western China, will be the most advanced facility dedicated to optical time-domain surveys in the Northern hemisphere once commissioning. We choose to assess its TDE detectability on the basis of mock observations, which is hitherto closest to reality by taking into consideration site conditions, telescope parameters, survey strategy, and transient searching pipeline. Our mock observations on a 440-deg2 field (CosmoDC2 catalogue) show that 29 ± 6 TDEs can be robustly found per year if observed at u, g, r, and i bands with 30-s exposure every 10 days, in which a discovery is defined as ≥10 epochal detections in at least two filters. If the WFST survey is fully optimized for discovering TDEs, we would expect to identify 392 ± 74 TDEs every year, with the redshift up to z ∼ 0.8, which poses a huge challenge to follow-up resources.
High-contrast, high-angular resolution view of the GJ 367 exoplanet system
Authors: Brandner Wolfgang , Calissendorff Per , Frankel Neige , Cantalloube Faustine 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
We search for additional companions in the GJ 367 exoplanet system and aim to better constrain its age and evolutionary status. We analyse high-contrast direct imaging observations obtained with HST/NICMOS, VLT/NACO, and VLT/SPHERE. We investigate and critically discuss conflicting age indicators based on theoretical isochrones and models for Galactic dynamics. A comparison of GAIA EDR3 parallax and photometric measurements with theoretical isochrones suggests a young age ≤60 Myr for GJ 367. The star’s Galactic kinematics exclude membership to any nearby young moving group or stellar stream. Its highly eccentric Galactic orbit, however, is atypical for a young star. Age estimates considering Galactic dynamical evolution are most consistent with an age of 1–8 Gyr. We find no evidence for a significant mid-infrared excess in the WISE bands, suggesting the absence of warm dust in the GJ 367 system. The direct imaging data provide significantly improved detection limits compared to previous studies. At 530 mas (5 au) separation, the SPHERE data achieve a 5σ contrast of 2.6 × 10−6. The data exclude the presence of a stellar companion at projected separations ≥0.4 au. At projected separations ≥5 au we can exclude substellar companions with a mass ≥1.5 MJup for an age of 50 Myr, and ≥20 MJup for an age of 5 Gyr. By applying the stellar parameters corresponding to the 50 Myr isochrone, we derive a bulk density of ρplanet = 6.2 g cm−3 for GJ 367 b, which is 25 per cent smaller than a previous estimate.
High quality genome assembly of the anhydrobiotic midge provides insights on a single chromosome-based emergence of extreme desiccation tolerance
Authors: Yoshida Yuki , Shaikhutdinov Nurislam , Kozlova Olga , Itoh Masayoshi , Tagami Michihira , Murata Mitsuyoshi , Nishiyori-Sueki Hiromi , Kojima-Ishiyama Miki , Noma Shohei , Cherkasov Alexander , Gazizova Guzel , Nasibullina Aigul , Deviatiiarov Ruslan , Shagimardanova Elena , Ryabova Alina , Yamaguchi Katsushi , Bino Takahiro , Shigenobu Shuji , Tokumoto Shoko , Miyata Yugo , Cornette Richard , Yamada Takahiro G , Funahashi Akira , Tomita Masaru , Gusev Oleg , Kikawada Takahiro 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Non-biting midges (Chironomidae) are known to inhabit a wide range of environments, and certain species can tolerate extreme conditions, where the rest of insects cannot survive. In particular, the sleeping chironomid Polypedilum vanderplanki is known for the remarkable ability of its larvae to withstand almost complete desiccation by entering a state called anhydrobiosis. Chromosome numbers in chironomids are higher than in other dipterans and this extra genomic resource might facilitate rapid adaptation to novel environments. We used improved sequencing strategies to assemble a chromosome-level genome sequence for P. vanderplanki for deep comparative analysis of genomic location of genes associated with desiccation tolerance. Using whole genome-based cross-species and intra-species analysis, we provide evidence for the unique functional specialization of Chromosome 4 through extensive acquisition of novel genes. In contrast to other insect genomes, in the sleeping chironomid a uniquely high degree of subfunctionalization in paralogous anhydrobiosis genes occurs in this chromosome, as well as pseudogenization in a highly duplicated gene family. Our findings suggest that the Chromosome 4 in Polypedilum is a site of high genetic turnover, allowing it to act as a ‘sandbox’ for evolutionary experiments, thus facilitating the rapid adaptation of midges to harsh environments.
Benign Neonatal Hemangiomatosis
Authors: Miller Austinn C. , Gordon Elliott S. , Peterson Christy R. , Cohen David J. , Bowe Andrew C. 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Benign neonatal hemangiomatosis (BNH) is a rare, self-limiting subtype of infantile hemangiomas (IHs), in which infants with multiple cutaneous hemangiomas lack visceral involvement. Other subtypes of IHs exist that may mimic BNH and can be life-threatening depending on hemangioma location and size.

Clinical Findings:
At birth, a 295/7-week preterm female presented with several pinhead-sized pink papules distributed throughout her body. At 10 days of age, the patient had 12 enlarged domed-shaped red papules in a generalized distribution throughout her body. Over several weeks, the number and size of the domed-shaped red papules continued to increase to a total of 26 located on the head, chest, abdomen, back, legs and arms. They were of firm consistency with both smooth and lobulated surfaces.

Primary Diagnosis:
A diagnosis of BNH was made after extensive workup did not reveal any extracutaneous hemangiomas.

Interventions:
Due to the lack of extracutaneous involvement and low-risk location/size of hemangiomas in our patient, no interventions were pursued and an observation-only approach was implemented.

Outcomes:
The patient remained stable while followed up over 8 months, with the size of the hemangiomas only increasing slightly in proportion to the patient's natural body growth.

Practice Recommendations:
Given the life-threatening nature of certain hemangioma subtypes, it is important to implement a proper workup and subtype diagnosis as early as possible in any infant with multiple hemangiomas.