bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rehabilitation of the unmotivated: remote cardiac rehabilitation among patients of all risk levels who reported unwillingness to participate in hospital-based rehabilitation
Authors: Nabutovsky I , Levin C , Yeshayahu S , Gang N , Nachshon A , Heller A , Breitner D , Klempfner R 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Public hospital(s). Main funding source(s): Cardiac Prevention and Rehabilitation Institute, Leviev Heart Center, Sheba medical center

Introduction
Remote cardiac rehabilitation (RCR) is recognized as a viable alternative to conventional, center-based rehabilitation. However, to achieve meaningful functional improvement, a high level of adherence and motivation to collaborate with the healthcare team, is necessary. The feasibility of RCR among patients who actively avoid hospital rehabilitation has not been adequately investigated by randomized studies.

Method
This year-long prospective study enrolled 60 cardiac patients at various risk levels, including those with heart transplants and heart failure, who refused to participate in conventional rehabilitation. Accordingly, 40 participants were randomized to a 6-month RCR program, while the remaining 20 received usual care in the community. Both groups were monitored for activity and self-reported outcomes. RCR is based on behavioral theories, includes multidisciplinary support, motivational and educational content, regular exercise, controlled by a smart sports watch, and transmitted to both the medical operations center and the patients mobile phone application. The main outcome was the change in Peak VO2, measured by the Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing, after 4 months of intervention compared to baseline.

Results
The study included 60 patients, 82% men, aged 55 (±12), who were admitted to the 6-month RCR program mainly after myocardial infarction or coronary interventions (44%), heart failure (29%), cardiomyopathy (13.5%) and heart transplantation (10.5%). After RCR, there was a significant increase in Peak VO2 in the intervention group (+2.46±7.1 mL/(kg·min) compared to the control group (-0.72±7.9 mL/(kg·min) (p&lt;0.001). High-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels also improved significantly.
The average minutes per week of aerobic exercise was 221 (±124.74), which was 147% of the goal. The average minutes at the recommended target heart rate was 117.38 (±78.36), and the percentage of intensity of training was 69.39% (±15.11) of the maximum capacity. The average aerobic sessions per week was 5 (±3), while the resistance sessions was 0.8 (±0.74). The average daily step count in the intervention group was 9145 (±3860) versus 4445 (±3005; p&lt;0.001). The surveys showed a significant improvement in patients’ mental and physical perception of health in the intervention vs. control group.

Conclusion
The adherence and results achieved by patients in RCR who avoided conventional rehabilitation were well within guideline recommendations, resulting in a significant improvement in physical capacity. Risk level, age, and lack of motivation at the beginning of the program were not barriers to achieving goals and cooperation.
The role of cardiac nuclear imaging of women with suspected coronary artery disease: data from Latvian cardiac SPECT registry
Authors: Vitola B , Mintale I , Kedrova J , Kalnina M , Erglis A 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.

Introduction
Cardiac imaging is a leading method in the diagnosis and treatment of ischemic heart disease. As the prognostic value of exercise stress tests for women is relatively low, ESC Guidelines suggest more accurate imaging method. Myocardial perfusion imaging with SPECT is one of the most commonly performed non-invasive cardiac imaging tests evaluating myocardial viability, assessing prognosis and estimating the efficacy of therapy.

Purpose
To determine the role for cardiac nuclear imaging for women with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD) in Latvia and to analyze prescribed further diagnostic approaches to establish the diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

Methods
For women included in Latvian cardiac SPECT registry the cardiac SPECT was performed in single University Hospital from 2018 till 2021. The patients were divided into 2 groups: normal myocardial perfusion and true myocardial perfusion defect, defined as area of ischemia ≥ 10% of the left ventricle myocardium. Patients with perfusion defect were analyzed according to prescribed further diagnostic test or treatment option.

Results
700 women with suspected CAD were analyzed. True myocardial perfusion defect was detected in 120 patients (17.1%). As further diagnostic approach in 29 (24.2%) cases cardiac computed tomography angiography (CTA) was performed; the invasive coronary angiography (ICA) - in 76 (63.3%) cases and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in 15 (12.5%) cases was suggested.
Analyzing results of all performed CTAs’, stenosis in main coronary arteries were not found (100%) and CAD was excluded. Of all performed ICA, in 41 (53.9%) women atherosclerosis in main coronary arteries was not observed and microvascular angina as a primary diagnosis was assessed. In 17 (22.3%) patients the significant stenosis in main coronary arteries was present and PCI was performed, of whom 10 (58.5%) women were primarily diagnosed. 1 patient (1.3%) underwent coronary artery bypass surgery (CBP). In 9 (11.8%) patients significant stenosis was not detected and they were discharged on optimal medical treatment (OMT). In all these 9 patients the CAD was already known before the SPECT. From all suggested PCIs’: 8 women underwent PCI (53.3 %), 1 – CBP (6.6%) and 6 (40%) patients continued OMT.

Conclusion
Based on Latvian cardiac SPECT registry data, myocardial perfusion imaging with cardiac SPECT is valuable and is highly recommended for the diagnostics of women with known or suspected CAD. Despite the low availability of cardiac SPECT in Latvia, the registry shows the importance of nuclear diagnostics for such a difficult to diagnose group as women.
Left ventricle myocardial deformation in olympic athletes assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance: does the sex and discipline matter?
Authors: Monosilio S , Filomena D , Birtolo L I , Penza M , Lemme E , Squeo M R , Mango R , Tonti G , Pedrizzetti G , Fedele F , Gualdi G , Spataro A , Pelliccia A , Di Giacinto B , Maestrini V 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.

Background
Sport induces structural and functional cardiac adaptation with different entity related to several factors including type of training and gender. Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (CMR) is the gold standard for morpho-functional evaluation of athletes’ heart and commonly relies on ventricular volume, wall thickness and ejection fraction (EF) assessment. Data on myocardial deformation (MD) are limited to echocardiography and are scarce.

Purpose
To assess MD in Olympic athletes and to evaluate the possible influence of sport categories and gender.

Methods
A group of Olympic athletes evaluated prior the Olympic games with unremarkable cardiovascular pre-participation screening tests underwent CMR without contrast administration. A group of sedentary subjects was enrolled as a control group. Cine-images were post-processed for volume and function evaluation and to assess global longitudinal strain (GLS) and global circumferential strain (GCS) by feature-tracking software. Athletes were divided in subgroups according to ESC sport classification. Male and female athletes were compared. Athletes were also divided based on EF (≤53% or &gt;53%).

Results
93 elite athletes (33% power, 33% mixed, 33% endurance) and 18 controls were enrolled. No differences in terms of EF were observed, while endurance athletes showed the greater LV remodeling (Table). GLS and GCS values of the entire population were -22.5±2.7% and -30.7±3.4%, respectively. No significant differences were found comparing athletes of different sport categories and sedentary controls for GLS (p= 0.940) and GCS (p=0.072). Female athletes showed higher GLS compared to male (-23.5±2.8% vs-21.9±2.8%, p=0.002) but not differences in terms of GCS (-31.5±3.1% vs-30.2±3.5%, p=0.076). Athletes with EF≤53% had lower GLS values compared with those with &gt;53% but within normal limits (Figure).

Conclusion
No differences were observed in MD assessed by CMR between different sport categories and controls. Female athletes showed higher longitudinal but not circumferential strain compared with male. Athletes with lower EF presented lower values of strain but within normal range with the potentiality to be used as a tool for differential diagnosis between normal adaptation and disease.
Assessing COVID-19 Health Literacy (CoHL) and its relationships with sociodemographic features, locus of control and compliance with social distancing rules during the first lockdown in France
Authors: Rodon Carole , Chin Jessie , Chevalier Aline 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Health literacy (HL) is critical to find, understand and use health information for adopting appropriate health behavior, especially during a pandemic crisis in which people can be exposed to an overwhelming amount of information from different media. To this end, we conducted an online study to first validate the measure of COronaVIrus Disease appeared in 2019 (COVID-19) health literacy (CoHL) and then investigated its relationships with locus of control (LoC), news information search and the adoption of protective behaviors (PBs) during the first lockdown in France. We first showed the good structural and psychometric qualities of the CoHL scale on a 3-dimensional structure: the Critical dimension, the Extraction/Communicative and the Application/Communicative dimension. We then found that CoHL was associated with the adoption of PBs suggesting that people with higher CoHL tended to adopt more PBs during the first lockdown, regardless of their LoC. However, people with low CoHL would be more likely to adopt PBs if they believe that they may get COVID-19 due to the behavior and health conditions of others (high external LoC). The study has implications for the design of public health campaigns for people with inadequate HL and with a different LoC.
Blind inverse problems with isolated spikes
Authors: Debarnot Valentin , Weiss Pierre 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Assume that an unknown integral operator living in some known subspace is observed indirectly, by evaluating its action on a discrete measure containing a few isolated Dirac masses at an unknown location. Is this information enough to recover the impulse response location and the operator with a sub-pixel accuracy? We study this question and bring to light key geometrical quantities for exact and stable recovery. We also propose an in-depth study of the presence of additive white Gaussian noise. We illustrate the well-foundedness of this theory on the challenging optical imaging problem of blind deconvolution and blind deblurring with non-stationary operators.
Decision support system for evidence-based precautionary ecological planning
Authors: Min Deedee , Lee Ji-Hyun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWhile using precedent knowledge is critical especially for ecological planning to minimize permanent adverse effect on the natural environment, there have been only few cases that apply case-based design or decision support system to ecological designs. A possible reason might be because the design context varies dramatically for different sites with diverse variables to consider. Despite the difficulties, ecological wisdom – a relatively newly suggested ecological planning and design strategy – suggests using evidence-based precedents for new ecological designs to avoid ecologically harmful designs. For the past 5 years, there has been ongoing research on ecological wisdom by notable scholars; however, there remains a gap between the concept and its applicability as a planning or design methodology even though one of the goals of ecological wisdom is to be made practical. In this research, we propose a computational framework for the implementation of evidence-based Precautionary Ecological Planning Assistant and apply to a design case. To accomplish this goal, we found design patterns from vernacular garden designs in relation to environmental factors. By identifying statistically significant ecological design patterns, we generated a list of rules that were then incorporated into a decision support system alerting the users that the performed space planning strategy has never been observed before in previous ecological designs. From this research process, we were able to confirm that the proposed computational framework supports ecological design process to be more data-driven and precautionary providing second thoughts to planners when planning for unconfirmed ecological design.
United States Military Fatalities During Operation Inherent Resolve and Operation Freedom’s Sentinel
Authors: Kotwal Russ S , Janak Jud C , Howard Jeffrey T , Rohrer Andrew J , Harcke Howard T , Holcomb John B , Eastridge Brian J , Gurney Jennifer M , Shackelford Stacy A , Mazuchowski Edward L 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
Military operations provide a unified action and strategic approach to achieve national goals and objectives. Mortality reviews from military operations can guide injury prevention and casualty care efforts.

Methods
A retrospective study was conducted on all U.S. military fatalities from Operation Inherent Resolve (OIR) in Iraq (2014-2021) and Operation Freedom’s Sentinel (OFS) in Afghanistan (2015-2021). Data were obtained from autopsy reports and other existing records. Fatalities were evaluated for population characteristics; manner, cause, and location of death; and underlying atherosclerosis. Non-suicide trauma fatalities were also evaluated for injury severity, mechanism of death, injury survivability, death preventability, and opportunities for improvement.

Results
Of 213 U.S. military fatalities (median age, 29 years; male, 93.0%; prehospital, 89.2%), 49.8% were from OIR, and 50.2% were from OFS. More OIR fatalities were Reserve and National Guard forces (OIR 22.6%; OFS 5.6%), conventional forces (OIR 82.1%; OFS 65.4%), and support personnel (OIR 61.3%; OFS 33.6%). More OIR fatalities also resulted from disease and non-battle injury (OIR 83.0%; OFS 28.0%). The leading cause of death was injury (OIR 81.1%; OFS 98.1%). Manner of death differed as more homicides (OIR 18.9%; OFS 72.9%) were seen in OFS, and more deaths from natural causes (OIR 18.9%; OFS 1.9%) and suicides (OIR 29.2%; OFS 6.5%) were seen in OIR. The prevalence of underlying atherosclerosis was 14.2% in OIR and 18.7% in OFS. Of 146 non-suicide trauma fatalities, most multiple/blunt force injury deaths (62.2%) occurred in OIR, and most blast injury deaths (77.8%) and gunshot wound deaths (76.6%) occurred in OFS. The leading mechanism of death was catastrophic tissue destruction (80.8%). Most fatalities had non-survivable injuries (80.8%) and non-preventable deaths (97.3%).

Conclusions
Comprehensive mortality reviews should routinely be conducted for all military operation deaths. Understanding death from both injury and disease can guide preemptive and responsive efforts to reduce death among military forces.
Modeling Balmer line signatures of stellar CMEs
Authors: Leitzinger M , Odert P , Heinzel P 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
From the Sun we know that coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are a transient phenomenon, often correlated with flares. They have an impact on solar mass- and angular momentum loss, and therefore solar evolution, and make a significant part of space weather. The same is true for stars, but stellar CMEs are still not well constrained, although new methodologies have been established, and new detections presented in the recent past. So far, probable detections of stellar CMEs have been presented, but their physical parameters which are not directly accessible from observations, such as electron density, optical thickness, temperature, etc., have been so far not determined for the majority of known events. We apply cloud modeling, as commonly used on the Sun, to a known event from the literature, detected on the young dMe star V374 Peg. This event manifests itself in extra emission on the blue side of the Balmer lines. By determining the line source function from 1D NLTE modeling together with the cloud model formulation we present distributions of physical parameters of this event. We find that except for temperature and area all parameters are at the upper range of typical solar prominence parameters. The temperature and the area of the event were found to be higher than for typical solar prominences observed in Balmer lines. We find more solutions for the filament than for the prominence geometry. Moreover we show that filaments can appear in emission on dMe stars contrary to the solar case.
Photoionized Herbig–Haro objects in the Orion Nebula through deep high-spectral resolution spectroscopy – III. HH 514
Authors: Méndez-Delgado J E , Esteban C , García-Rojas J , Henney W J 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
We analyse the physical conditions and chemical composition of the photoionized Herbig–Haro object HH 514, which emerges from the protoplanetary disc (proplyd) 170-337 in the core of the Orion Nebula. We use high-spectral resolution spectroscopy from Ultraviolet and Visual Echelle Spectrograph at the Very Large Telescope and IFU-spectra from MEGARA at the Gran Telescopio de Canarias. We observe two components of HH 514, the jet base and a knot, with $n_{\rm e}= (2.3 \pm 0.1) \times 10^5 \rm{cm}^{-3}$ and $n_{\rm e}= (7 \pm 1) \times 10^4 \rm{ cm}^{-3}$, respectively, both with Te ≈ 9000 K. We show that the chemical composition of HH 514 is consistent with that of the Orion Nebula, except for Fe, Ni, and S, which show higher abundances. The enhanced abundances of Fe and Ni observed in HH objects compared with the general interstellar medium are usually interpreted as destruction of dust grains. The observed sulphur overabundance (more than two times solar) is challenging to explain since the proplyd photoevaporation flow from the same disc shows normal sulphur abundance. If the aforementioned S-overabundance is due to dust destruction, the formation of sulfides and/or other S-bearing dust reservoirs may be linked to planet formation processes in proplyds, which filter large sulfide dust grains during the accretion of matter from the disc to the central star. We also show that published kinematics of molecular emission close to the central star are not consistent with either a disc perpendicular to the optical jet, or with an outflow that is aligned with it.
On the stability of 2D modulated electrostatic wavepackets in non-Maxwellian dusty plasma – application in Saturn’s magnetosphere
Authors: Singh Kuldeep , McKerr Michael , Kourakis Ioannis 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
Motivated by observations of localized electrostatic wavepackets by the Voyager 1 and 2 and Cassini missions in Saturn’s magnetosphere, we have investigated the evolution of modulated electrostatic wavepackets in a dusty plasma environment. The well-known dust-ion acoustic (DIA) mode was selected to explore the dynamics of multidimensional structures, by means of a Davey–Stewartson (DS) model, by taking into account the presence of a highly energetic (suprathermal, kappa-distributed) electron population in combination with heavy (immobile) dust in the background. The modulational (in)stability profile of DIA wavepackets for both negative as well as positive dust charge is investigated. A set of explicit criteria for modulational instability (MI) to occur is obtained. Wavepacket modulation properties in 3D dusty plasmas are shown to differ from e.g. Maxwellian plasmas in 1D. Stronger negative dust concentration results in a narrower instability window in the K (perturbation wavenumber) domain and to a suppressed growth rate. In the opposite manner, the instability growth rate increases for higher positive dust concentration and the instability window gets larger. In a nutshell, negative dust seems to suppress instability while positive dust appears to favour the amplitude modulation instability mechanism. Finally, stronger deviation from the Maxwell–Boltzmann equilibrium, i.e. smaller κe values, lead(s) to stronger instability growth in a wider wavenumber window – hence suprathermal electrons favour MI regardless of the dust charge sign (i.e. for either positive or negative dust). The wavepacket modulation properties in 2D dusty plasmas thus differ from e.g. Maxwellian plasmas in 1D, both quantitatively and qualitatively, as indicated by a generalized dispersion relation explicitly derived in this paper (for the amplitude perturbation). Our results can be compared against existing experimental data in space, especially in Saturn’s magnetosphere.
Reflection symmetry in the folded light curve of the Crab pulsar from NICER
Authors: Vivekanand M 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
The rotation powered pulsars Crab, Vela, and Geminga have double peaked folded light curves (FLC) at gamma-ray energies that have an approximate reflection symmetry. Here, this aspect is studied at soft X-ray energy by analysing a high-resolution FLC of the Crab pulsar obtained at 1–10 keV, using the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer observatory. The rising edge of the first peak of the FLC and the reflected version of the falling edge of the second peak are compared in several ways, and phase ranges are identified where the two curves are statistically similar. The best matching occurs when the two peaks are aligned, but only in a small phase range of ≈0.0244 just below their peaks; their mean difference is −0.78 ± 1.8 photons s−1 with a reduced χ2 of 0.93. If the first curve is convolved by a Laplace function, the corresponding numbers are phase range of ≈0.0274, mean difference of −1.23 ± 1.30 and χ2 of 0.76. These phase ranges are much smaller than those over which the reflection symmetry has been perceived. Therefore, the only way the two edges can have a mirror relation over a substantial phase range is if one invokes a broad and faint emission component of amplitude ≈100 photons s−1 and width ≈0.1 in phase, centred at phase ≈0.1 beyond the second peak.
Investigating the contribution of extended radio sources to the Epoch of Reionization power spectrum
Authors: Cook J H , Trott C M , Line J L B 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
We investigate the contribution of extended radio sources such as Centaurus A, and Galactic supernova remnants (SNRs) to our ability to detect the statistical 21-cm signal from the Epoch of Reionisation (EoR) with the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA). These sources are typically ignored because they are in highly attenuated parts of the MWA primary beam, however, in aggregate, these sources have apparent flux densities of $10\, \rm {Jy}$ on angular scales we expect to detect the 21-cm signal. We create bespoke multicomponent 2D Gaussian models for Galactic SNRs and for Centaurus A, and simulate the visibilities for two MWA snapshot observations. We grid those visibilities and then Fourier transform them with respect to frequency, averaging them both spherically and cylindrically to produce the 1D and 2D power spectra. We compare the simulated 1D power spectra to the expected 21-$\rm {cm}$ power spectrum. We find that although these extended sources are in highly attenuated parts of the MWA primary beam pattern, collectively they have enough power (∼104−105 $\rm {mK^2}\, {\it h^{-3}} \, \rm {Mpc^{3}}$) on EoR significant modes $(|{\boldsymbol k}| \lesssim 0.1\, h\, \rm {Mpc^{-1}})$ to prohibit detection of the 21-$\rm {cm}$ signal (∼104 $\rm {mK^2}\, {\it h^{-3}} \, \rm {Mpc^{3}}$). We find that $50{-}90{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of sources must be removed in order to reduce leakage to a level of $\sim 10{-}20{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of the 21-$\rm {cm}$ power spectrum on EoR significant modes. The effects of wide-field extended sources will have implications on the detectability of the 21-$\rm {cm}$ signal for the MWA and with the future Square Kilometre Array (SKA).