bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non-fatal injuries among boys and girls presenting to Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital, Cape Town
Authors: Prinsloo M , Hunter K , Matzopoulos R , Millett E , Van As S , Jordaan E , Peden M M 
Published: July 2022

Background. In South Africa (SA), road traffic injuries, homicides and burns are the leading causes of injury-related deaths among children. Injury-related deaths are well documented for SA, but this is not the case for non-fatal injuries.Objectives. To describe the non-fatal injuries sustained among children aged 0 - 13 years, to identify any significant sex differences by age group, cause of injury, admission status and injury severity.
Methods. The trauma unit database from 1997 to 2016 at Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital, Cape Town, was utilised for this analysis. The prevalence of injuries and the boy/girl ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were reported.Results. Analysis indicated significant differences by sex for individual injury causes (transport, assault, burns, falls and other injuries), age group, injury severity and admission status. Moderately severe injuries were largely caused by burns, while severe injuries were mostly transport related. Boys had significantly higher proportions of all injury causes. The boy/girl ratio was lowest for assault (1:18), where significantly more girls aged 1 - 3 and 4 - 6 years were injured. Rape/sexual assault was 5.5 times higher for girls, with a significantly higher proportion of moderate-severity injuries (87%; 95% CI 84.7 - 89.4).
Conclusion. The study findings call for a more targeted prevention response for boy and girl children. Interventions should be targeted at the prevention of burns, traffic collisions and interpersonal violence, in particular sexual assaults against girls.
Invasiveness of Alternanthera bettzickiana – Is Allelopathy a Factor?
Authors: Alex Teresa , Menon Meera V. 
Published: July 2022

Aims: The aim of the experiment was to investigate the allelopathic potential of Alternanthera bettzickiana (Regel) Voss.
Study Design: Experiment on effect of aqueous extract, incorporation and mulching of A. bettzickiana on crop seedling growth was carried out in completely randomized design with five treatments replicated five times. Varying concentrations and time of application of weed extract were also tried in an experiment laid out in factorial completely randomized design with a total of twenty treatment interactions replicated thrice.
Place and Duration of Study: Experiments were carried out at Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur, during 2021- 2022.
Methodology: Rice and cowpea were used as test crops in all the experiments. A laboratory study was carried out with test crops sown in petri plates to assess the effect of aqueous extract of the weed at 0%, 2%, 4%, 6% and 8% concentration on germination of the crops. Effect of mulching and incorporation of A. bettzickiana at the rate of 0, 1, 2, 4 and 6 tonnes per hectare on crop growth was studied as pot culture experiments. To assess the influence of time of application of weed extract on seedling growth, extracts at various concentrations of 0%, 2%, 4%, 6% and 8% were applied at 0, 6, 15 and 21 days after sowing of test crops in trays.
Results: Only the treatment of 8% aqueous extract of weed caused a significant reduction in seedling vigour of cowpea, while rice was found to be unaffected. Incorporation and mulching of A. bettzickiana showed no significant effect on germination and growth of both the test crops. Time of application of weed extract at various concentrations also had no significant effect on seedling growth of both rice and cowpea
Conclusion: Alternanthera bettzickiana possessed no strong allelopathic potential as exhibited by other species of the genera like A. philoxeroides, A. sessilis etc.
Cobalt‐Catalyzed Asymmetric CH Functionalization
Authors: Yoshikai Naohiko 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This article provides an overview of enantioselective CH bond‐functionalization reactions via chirally mediated cobalt catalysis. The reactions are divided into three major categories, that is (i) reactions catalyzed by low‐valent cobalt complexes that involve inner‐sphere CH activation, (ii) reactions catalyzed by high‐valent, cyclopentadienyl‐ligated cobalt complexes that involve inner‐sphere CH activation, and (iii) reactions catalyzed by cobalt porphyrin complexes that involve outer‐sphere, metalloradical CH activation.
CH to CN Bonds via Radical‐Mediated Chemistry
Authors: Ward Robert M. , Schomaker Jennifer M. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

New methods for the formation of CN bonds to prepare compounds with wide‐ranging applications in medicinal, materials, and synthetic chemistry are continually evolving. Early methods for CN bond formation required prefunctionalized substrates, such as halides, pseudohalides, and carbonyl compounds. These approaches often resulted in increased step count, decreased atom economy, and limitations in functional group compatibility. To address these shortcomings, the direct functionalization of CH bonds has emerged as an attractive strategy. The ability to achieve direct exchange of a hydrogen atom for a nitrogen in the later stages of a synthesis is an especially powerful tool in a synthetic chemist's toolbox. Approaches to direct amination can be subdivided into those containing open‐shell intermediates, which will be described in this article, and concerted pathways, which will not be covered. Topics that will be discussed include strategies for C(sp
3
)H amination involving both inter‐ and intramolecular 1,
n
‐hydrogen atom transfer (HAT), intermolecular C(sp
3
)H amination, C(sp
3
)H amination via nitrene transfer, and net C(sp
2
)H amination. Traditional examples as well as the more recent strategies that utilize photo‐ and electrochemical methods are presented. Selected examples from the literature will be presented, but previous reviews and articles are referenced here for further reading.
Assessing the practicality of using a single knowledge‐based planning model for multiple linac vendors
Authors: Douglas Raphael J. , Olanrewaju Adenike , Zhang Lifei , Beadle Beth M. , Court Laurence E. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPurposeKnowledge‐based planning (KBP) has been shown to be an effective tool in quality control for intensity‐modulated radiation therapy treatment planning and generating high‐quality plans. Previous studies have evaluated its ability to create consistent plans across institutions and between planners within the same institution as well as its use as teaching tool for inexperienced planners. This study evaluates whether planning quality is consistent when using a KBP model to plan across different treatment machines.Materials and methodsThis study used a RapidPlan model (Varian Medical Systems) provided by the vendor, to which we added additional planning objectives, maximum dose limits, and planning structures, such that a clinically acceptable plan is achieved in a single optimization. This model was used to generate and optimize volumetric‐modulated arc therapy plans for a cohort of 50 patients treated for head‐neck cancer. Plans were generated using the following treatment machines: Varian 2100, Elekta Versa HD, and Varian Halcyon. A noninferiority testing methodology was used to evaluate the hypothesis that normal and target metrics in our autoplans were no worse than a set of clinically‐acceptable baseline plans by a margin of 1.8 Gy or 3% dose‐volume. The quality of these plans were also compared through the use of common clinical dose‐volume histogram criteria.ResultsThe Versa HD met our noninferiority criteria for 23 of 34 normal and target metrics; while the Halcyon and Varian 2100 machines met our criteria for 24 of 34 and 26 of 34 metrics, respectively. The experimental plans tended to have less volume coverage for prescription dose planning target volume and larger hotspot volumes. However, comparable plans were generated across different treatment machines.ConclusionsThese results support the use of a head‐neck RapidPlan models in centralized planning workflows that support clinics with different linac models/vendors, although some fine‐tuning for targets may be necessary.
Fantastical Monsters: The Persistent Memory of Machines
Authors: Betsky Aaron 
Published: July 2022

AbstractVirginia Tech School of Architecture and Design Professor and renowned curator, critic and writer Aaron Betsky investigates the machinic architectural worlds of architect Bryan Cantley. Professor of Design Theory at California State University, Fullerton, Cantley has been developing a considerable and starkly individual body of work since his MArch at the University of California, Los Angeles in the early 1990s.
Urban Cartographies: Drawing Seen Through Bacon's Painting
Authors: Salter Peter 
Published: July 2022

AbstractArt, architecture and urbanism practice Metis was founded by Professor Mark Dorrian, Forbes Chair in Architecture, and Adrian Hawker, MArch Programme Director, at the University of Edinburgh. Metis has a long history of proposing extraordinary architectures, whether in building form or as interventions in existing spaces. Architect and academic Peter Salter uses the lens of Francis Bacon's painting to view their creative tactics.
World‐Shaping: Choreographies of Mapping and Construction
Authors: Wilson Robin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe projection and tailoring of architectural space is a deeply personal occupation intertwined with a designer's history, education and geographical roots. British architect Shaun Murray has a very individual way of representing and positing situations and spaces, which he communicates through his multilayered airbrushed drawings. Historian, theorist and critic Robin Wilson analyses his influences and aspirations.
Thick Fields and Aberrant Transmutations
Authors: Smith Chris L 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCompelled to creatively mark the death of his good friend, Neil Spiller has memorialised the renowned graphic designer Vaughan Oliver in an augmented reality roof garden on top of the Longhouse, the centrepiece of his long‐running ‘Communicating Vessels’ drawing series. Here, architectural theory professor at the University of Sydney Chris L Smith explores the work, ploughs its fields, and surveys its sky.
Self‐Propelled Catalytically Powered Dual‐Engine Magnetic Nanobots for Rapid and Highly Efficient Capture of Circulating Fetal Trophoblasts
Authors: Wavhale Ravindra D. , Dhobale Kshama D. , Patil Shraddha , Chate Govind P. , Tawade Bhausaheb V. , Patil Yuvraj N. , Banerjee Shashwat S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHere, chemically powered and magnetically guided janus magneto‐fluorescent dual‐engine nanobots (MFDEN) that harvest their energy from the reactions with two different fuels are reported. The Mg‐Fe3O4 Janus nanobots prepared by depositing Fe3O4 hemispherical layer on Mg nanoparticles are propelled efficiently by the thrust of oxygen bubble generated from the reactions of Fe3O4 in H2O2 media, and by hydrogen bubble produced at the partial Mg opening in aqueous media. High speeds and long lifetimes are achieved in complex biological media with H2O2 or with NaHCO3, respectively. For the first time, this study demonstrates the utility of nanobots for efficient isolation of trophoblastic cells from blood. Considering the extreme rarity of these cells in blood, efficient technique that enriches sufficient cells rapidly and with specificity is desired. The nanobots exhibit excellent capture efficiency of almost 100%, both in serum and whole blood for trophoblastic Be‐Wo cells. Furthermore, the high capture efficiency is achieved in 5 min. Feasibility of obtaining an isolated cell based diagnosis from whole blood is demonstrated. Although determining the exact sensitivity and specificity will require more data, this study supports the potential of the multiple fuel‐powered nanorobots for clinical translation of circulating fetal cell based non‐invasive prenatal testing.
Supramolecular Gel Lubricants with Excellent Lubricity and Load‐Carrying Performances Act Synergistically via Two Layers of Tribofilm
Authors: Xie Ao , Bai Yanyan , Xu Hao‐Zhe , Dong Rui , Zhang Jiaying , Yu Qiangliang , Lv Wenquan , Zhang Ming , Liang Yijing , Wang Xin‐Gang , Cai Meirong , Zhou Feng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractLubrication failure under heavy load condition due to the limited carrying capacity of base lubricants usually results in catastrophic failure of mechanical systems. In this work, a class of perfluorinated gel lubricants (PFGs) is prepared, retaining excellent lubricity and load‐carrying performances under high load. Self‐assembly mechanism confirmed by molecular dynamics simulation indicates that the gelators in PFGs self‐assemble into a 3D network structure through intermolecular hydrogen bonds. The confinement effect of gelator self‐assembly in the base oil contributes to avoiding lubrication failure and environmental pollution caused by base oil creeping and leakage. Simple synthesis, creep recovery, and high sol–gel phase transition temperatures confer more benefits for PFGs applications. Moreover, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy techniques are employed to investigate the lubrication mechanism of PFGs, revealing that lubricants can interact with the friction interface to form two layers of tribofilm which are formed by adsorption and tribochemical reaction. PFGs provide an eco‐friendly solution for lubricating under heavy load condition.
Intercalation of Small Organic Molecules into Ti3C2Tx MXene Cathodes for Flexible High‐Volume‐Capacitance Zn‐Ion Microsupercapacitor
Authors: Liu Weijia , Li La , Hu Chuqiao , Chen Di , Shen Guozhen 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe delamination of 2D Ti3C2Tx MXene endows the injection of various ions and small organic molecules into its layers, thus leading to a tunable distance between layers and adjustable electrochemical properties. A suitable selection of intercalators needs to be considered according to the relevant metal‐ion‐based energy storage device because of the different radii of metal ions such as Li+, Na+, Mg2+ Zn2+, etc. Herein, the intercalation of N,N‐dimethylacetamide (DMAC), acetonitrile (ACN), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), LiCl (H2O) into Ti3C2Tx cathodes and their electrochemical performance comparisons by fabricating Zn‐ion microsupercapacitors (MSCs) is reported. Studies found that an increased calculated interlayer space of 3.42, 7.47, 7.79, 8.3 Å is obtained for the H2O, DMSO, ACN, DMAC intercalated Ti3C2Tx cathodes, and a decreased calculated binding energy of −0.03, −0.78, −1.91, and −3.06 eV is obtained for the Ti3C2Tx‐H2O, Ti3C2Tx‐DMSO, Ti3C2Tx‐ACN, and Ti3C2Tx‐DMAC, respectively. The highest interlayer space, lowest binding energy, and amide groups make the DMAC intercalated Ti3C2Tx‐based MSC exhibit volumetric capacitance of 1873 F cm−3 at a scan rate of 5 mV s−1, much higher than 1103 F cm−3 for Ti3C2Tx‐H2O, 1313 F cm−3 for Ti3C2Tx‐ACN, 544 F cm−3 for Ti3C2Tx‐DMSO. The superior flexibility that results in invariable capacitance under 5000 bending cycles, together with the lighting test of the fabricated MSC, demonstrates its application in the wearable integrated system.
Inkjet Printing of Quasi‐2D Perovskite Layers with Optimized Drying Protocol for Efficient Solar Cells
Authors: Wilk Barbara , Sahayaraj Sylvester , Ziółek Marcin , Babu Vivek , Kudrawiec Robert , Wojciechowski Konrad 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMetal halide perovskites of reduced dimensionality constitute an interesting subcategory of the perovskite semiconductor family, which attract a lot of attention, primarily due to their excellent moisture resistance and peculiar optoelectronic properties. Specifically, quasi‐2D materials of the Ruddlesden–Popper (RP) type, are intensely investigated as photoactive layers in perovskite solar cells. Here, a scalable deposition of quasi‐2D perovskite thin films, with a nominal composition of 4F‐PEA2MA4Pb5I16 (4‐FPEA+‐4‐fluoro‐phenethylammonium, applied as a spacer cation), using an inkjet printing technique, is developed. An optimized precursor formulation, and appropriate post‐printing treatment, which enable good control over nucleation and crystal growth steps, result in highly crystalline and uniform perovskite layers. Particularly, vacuum with nitrogen flushing provides an optimal drying treatment, which produces a more uniform distribution of low dimensional phases, and a high level of vertical (out‐of‐plane) alignment, which is beneficial for charge carrier transport. Solar cells reaching 13% of power conversion efficiency for the rigid, and 10.6% for the flexible, large area (1 cm2) devices are presented.
Imine Azaenolates: Synthesis, Reactivity, and Outlook
Authors: St John‐Campbell Sahra , Sheppard Tom D. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAzaenolates are, quite simply, the aza variant of enolates. Compared to their oxygen counterparts, additional control of the reactivity of azaenolates can be achieved by altering the substituent on the nitrogen atom as well as the metal counterion. Since the seminal examples reported in the early 1960s, azaenolates of various metals have been shown to react with a diverse set of electrophilic partners, including challenging electrophiles such as alkyl fluorides, epoxides, and oxetanes. This review describes in detail the current state of the art of the chemistry of azaenolates derived from imines, with a particular focus on the comparison of the reactivity exhibited with different metal counterions.magnified image
Foldable and Recyclable Iontronic Cellulose Nanopaper for Low‐Power Paper Electronics
Authors: Cunha Inês , Ferreira Sofia Henriques , Martins Jorge , Fortunato Elvira , Gaspar Diana , Martins Rodrigo , Pereira Luís 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAn increase in the demand for the next generation of “Internet‐of‐Things” (IoT) has motivated efforts to develop flexible and affordable smart electronic systems, in line with sustainable development and carbon neutrality. Cellulose holds the potential to fulfil such demands as a low‐cost green material due to its abundant and renewable nature and tunable properties. Here, a cellulose‐based ionic conductive substrate compatible with printing techniques that combines the mechanical robustness, thermal resistance and surface smoothness of cellulose nanofibrils nanopaper with the high capacitance of a regenerated cellulose hydrogel electrolyte, is reported. Fully screen‐printed electrolyte‐gated transistors and universal logic gates are demonstrated using the engineered ionic conductive nanopaper and zinc oxide nanoplates as the semiconductor layer. The devices exhibit low‐voltage operation (<3 V), and remarkable mechanical endurance under outward folding due to the combination of the robustness of the nanopaper and the compliance of the semiconductor layer provided by the ZnO nanoplates. The printed devices and the ion‐conductive nanopaper can be efficiently recycled to fabricate new devices, which is compatible with the circular economy concept.
A Conductive Molecular Semiconductor Composite with Over 160 °C Glass Transition Temperature for Heat‐Resistant Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Xie Xinrui , He Lifei , Wei Yuefang , Li Tianyu , Yuan Yi , Zhang Jing , Wang Peng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractUnder long‐term thermal stress, the decomposition of organic‐inorganic hybrid perovskite is a big challenge to realize stable and efficient perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Thereby, it is of pivotal importance to engineer an organic hole transport layer, which is featured not only by an excellent hole conduction but also by a high glass transition temperature. Here, a solution‐processible molecular semiconductor (T5H‐EP‐BMCA) is reported. The air‐doped composite of T5H‐EP‐BMCA presents a hole density of 6.5 × 1017 cm–3, a space‐charge‐limited current hole mobility of 5.1 × 10–4 cm2 V–1 s–1, and a direct‐current electrical conductivity of 30.6 µS cm–1. Moreover, the conductive composite owns a high glass transition temperature of 165 °C, a heat‐resistant morphology, and low gas permeability coefficients. These joint attributes allow for the fabrication of 21.0%‐efficiency, 85 °C‐durable PSC by controlling the thermal decomposition of perovskite.
Ruthenium‐catalyzed C−H Functionalization/Annulation ofN‐Aryl Indazoles/Phthalazines with Sulfoxonium Ylides to access Tetracyclic‐fused Cinnolines
Authors: Pan Changduo , Yuan Cheng , Yu Jin‐Tao 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA ruthenium‐catalyzed cascade C−H functionalization/intramolecular annulation ofN‐phenylindazoles with sulfoxonium ylides was developed for the synthesis of indazolo[1,2‐a]cinnolinones. This transformation features with C−H/N−H functionalization inone pot, the utilization of cost‐effective ruthenium catalyst, wide substrate scope and good functional group tolerance. Moreover, the reaction of 2‐arylphthalazine‐1,4‐diones with sulfoxonium ylides led to phthalazino[2,3‐a]cinnolindiones under standard conditions.
Longitudinal changes in brain oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) in older adults: Relationship to markers of vascular and Alzheimer's pathology
Authors: Lin Zixuan , Lim Chantelle , Jiang Dengrong , Soldan Anja , Pettigrew Corinne , Oishi Kumiko , Zhu Yuxin , Moghekar Abhay , Liu Peiying , Albert Marilyn , Lu Hanzhang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionOxygen extraction fraction (OEF) reflects the balance between oxygen delivery and consumption. We longitudinally measured OEF in older adults to examine the relationship with markers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular pathology.MethodsOne hundred thirty‐seven participants were studied at two time‐points at an interval of 2.16 years. OEF was measured using T2‐relaxation‐under‐spin‐tagging (TRUST) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The association between OEF and vascular risks, white matter hyperintensities (WMH), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) measures of amyloid beta (Aβ), total tau (t‐tau), and phosphorylated tau 181 (p‐tau181) was examined.ResultsOEF increased from baseline to follow‐up. The increase in OEF was more prominent in individuals with high vascular risks compared to those with low vascular risks, and was associated with progression of vascular risks and the growth in WMH volume. OEF change was not related to CSF markers of AD pathology or their progression.DiscussionLongitudinal OEF change in older adults is primarily related to vascular pathology.
Hypervalent Chalcogenonium⋅⋅⋅π Bonding Catalysis
Authors: Zhang Qingyu , Chan Yung‐Yin , Zhang Muyin , Yeung Ying‐Yeung , Ke Zhihai 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA proof‐of‐concept study of hypervalent chalcogenonium⋅⋅⋅π bonding catalysis was performed. A new catalytic strategy using 1,2‐oxaselenolium salts as chalcogen bond donors and alkenes as chalcogen bond acceptors is described. The feasibility of this concept is demonstrated by the use of trisubstituted selenonium salts in the metal‐free catalytic hydrofunctionalization and polymerization of alkenes via unconventional seleniranium ion‐like intermediates. The results indicate that counter anions have a significant effect on the catalysis based on hypervalent chalcogenonium⋅⋅⋅π bonding interactions.