bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychometric properties of the Adolescents’Academic Motivation Scale (AAMS) in a representative sample of Dominican Republic high school students
Authors: Reyes Betty , Fernández Irene , Pérez-Belmonte Sergio , De los Santos Saturnino , Tomás José M. , Galiana Laura 
Published: January 2022

Within the growing body of research that has focused on academic success, academic motivation has gathered considerable attention. The aim of this this research is to present the first validation of the Adolescents’ Academic Motivation Scale (AAMS). Total sample was composed by 1712 students of secondary education from two districts in the Dominican Republic. The main measurement outcome was the AAMS. Results from the CFA were satisfactory: χ2(5) = 57.73, p < .001; CFI = .970; RMSEA = .079 [.061, .097], and SRMR = .024. IRT analyses favored the two-parameter logistic model, indicating that items were not equally discriminant. Structural Equation Model with latent variables in which academic motivation was a significant predictor of grades resulted in excellent fit: χ2(53) = 182.76, p < .001; CFI = .980; RMSEA = .038 90% CI [.032, .044], and SRMR = .025. In sum, this work presents an exhaustive psychometric analysis of the AAMS in a representative sample of high school Dominican students.
Entre el creciente cuerpo de investigación que se ha centrado en el éxito académico, la motivación académica ha captado considerable atención. El objetivo de esta investigación es presentar la primera validación de la Escala de Motivación Académica de los Adolescentes (EMAA). La muestra total estuvo compuesta por 1712 estudiantes de secundaria de dos distritos de la República Dominicana. La medida principal fue la EMAA. Los resultados del AFC fueron satisfactorios: χ2(5) = 57.73, p < .001; CFI = .970; RMSEA = .079, 90% CI [.061, .097], y SRMR = .024. Los análisis de TRI favorecieron al modelo logístico de dos parámetros, indicando que los ítems no fueron igualmente discriminativos. El Modelo de Ecuaciones Estructurales en el que la motivación académica predecía de forma estadísticamente significativa las calificaciones obtuvo un ajuste excelente: χ2(53) = 182.76, p < .001; CFI = .980; RMSEA = .038 [.032, .044], and SRMR = .025. En resumen, este trabajo presenta un exhaustivo análisis psicométrico de la EMAA en una muestra representativa de estudiantes dominicanos de instituto.
Entrepreneurship attitudes and the Big Five: A cross-cultural comparison between Spain and the United States
Authors: Oliver Amparo , Schneider Barry H. , Galiana Laura , Puricelli David Alex , Schwendemann Marc , Tomás Jose Manuel 
Published: January 2022

Culture may interact with personality to facilitate or inhibit entrepreneurial behaviors. 296 undergraduates in the United States and 257 in Spain completed the Big Five Personality Inventory and the Entrepreneurial Attitudes Scale for Students (Mean age = 20.16 years; SD = 3.39). We hypothesized that across cultures, conscientiousness and openness would predict greater risk taking whereas neuroticism and agreeableness would be a negative correlate. Personality variables explained a larger proportion of the variance in entrepreneurial attitudes in the U.S. data. The associations between the personality dimensions and entrepreneurship varied considerably by country and gender. Significant positive correlations were found between conscientiousness and risk taking only for Spanish men. Neuroticism was significantly and negatively correlated with risk taking only for American participants.
La cultura puede interactuar con la personalidad para facilitar o inhibir las conductas emprendedoras. 296 estudiantes universitarios en Estados Unidos y 257 en España completaron el inventario de los Cinco Grandes de Personalidad y la escala de Actitudes Emprendedoras para Estudiantes (Media de edad = 20.16 años; DT = 3.39). Se hipotetiza que, a través de culturas, conciencia y apertura serán predictores de mayor toma de riesgos, mientras neuroticismo y amigabilidad lo harán en negativo. Las variables de personalidad explican una mayor proporción de varianza en actitudes emprendedoras en los datos estadounidenses. Las asociaciones entre las dimensiones de personalidad y emprendimiento varían considerablemente por país y género. Se encontraron correlaciones positivas significativas entre conciencia y toma de riesgos solo en hombres españoles. El neuroticismo correlaciona negativa y significativamente con la toma de riesgos, solo en el caso de los participantes americanos.
Self-perceived and reported mental health in older adults
Authors: Zamora Iniesta Tomás , Castell Gallud Pedro , Fernández Fernández Visitación , Castro Sáez Maravillas , Vicente Escudero Jose Luis , López Soler Concepción 
Published: January 2022

Several studies assess mental health in older adults, but relatively few do so from a multi-informant perspective. In this work, discrepancies in self-perception and third-person perception of the mental health of older adults were analyzed in two age groups and differentiated by sex and place of residence. Relationships between different scales that measure psychopathology and psychosocial competencies were also analyzed.
A sample of 288 older people aged between 60-95 years old (154 women, 53.47%) belonging to 12 municipalities in the Region of Murcia was employed, and the Older Adult Self-Report (OASR) questionnaire was used to measure the psychopathology of older people and the Older Adult Behavior Checklist (OABCL) instrument to find out the family's perception of these problems.
Outcomes show different perceptions of mental health among older people and their families, which worsen with increasing age, psychosocial risk status and female gender. This reflects the need to develop specific treatment protocols for each gender and psychosocial risk situation, in order to address the differential mental health needs in older people.
Son numerosos los trabajos que evalúan la salud mental de las personas mayores, pero relativamente escasos los que lo hacen desde una perspectiva multi-informante. En este trabajo se analizaron las discrepancias en la autopercepción y la percepción que tienen otros de la salud mental de las personas mayores, en dos franjas de edad, diferenciando por sexos, lugar de residencia y se analizaron las relaciones entre diferentes escalas que miden psicopatología y competencias psicosociales.
Se empleó una muestra de 288 personas mayores entre 60-95 años (154 mujeres, 53.47%) pertenecientes a 12 municipios de la Región de Murcia, y se empleó el cuestionario OlderAdultSelf-Report (OASR) para medir la psicopatología de las personas mayores y el instrumentoOlderAdultBehaviorChecklist (OABCL) para conocer la percepción de la familia de estos problemas.
Los resultados reflejan que existen diferentes percepciones de la salud mental entre personas mayores y sus familiares, que empeoran al aumentar la edad, la situación de riesgo psicosocial y el género femenino. Esto refleja la necesidad de desarrollar protocolos de tratamiento específicos para cada género y situación de riesgo psicosocial, con el fin de atender las necesidades diferenciales de salud mental de las personas mayores.
Casi toda la narrativa reciente sobre la Guerra Civil (2014–2018) y una breve reflexión sobre algunos conceptos clave
Authors: Valls Fernando 
Published: January 2022

En el año 2004 se creó en Madrid la Asociación de la Memoria Social y Democrática (AMESDE) con el objetivo de «promover, estudiar y difundir el conocimiento del pasado», además de alcanzar, siguiendo a Blas de Otero, «la belleza siempre que no esté en contraposición a la verdad, es decir, a la justicia», según se lee en la presentación del primer volumen de la colección que trataremos, a cargo de Jaime Ruiz, presidente de dicho organismo.
Assessment of Health Seeking Behavior of Gestational Diabetes in Pregnancy among Elderly Primi Mother
Authors: Dhale Prachi , Dhawale Pragati , Dosani Amrin , Dongare Gaurav , Thool Bali 
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is diagnosed by elevated blood glucose in pregnancy though the definition has changed repeatedly since its first description in the 1960’s. The most frequently reported perinatal consequence of GDM is macrosomia (usually defined as a neonate weighing over 4 kg) which can increase the risk of caesarean section and shoulder dystocia. For the mother, there are also potential longer-term consequences including an increased risk of type 2 diabetes post-pregnancy and/or in later life. The investigators of a large international Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) study aimed to identify a cut-point in the continuum to decide the blood glucose level (BGL) thresholds that should be used to define GDM.
Objective: To assess the incidence rate of gestational diabetes in pregnancy among the elderly primi mother. To assess the health seeking behavior of gestational diabetes in elderlyprimimothers. To associate the demographic variables of gestational diabetes in elderly primi mothers.
Materials and Methods: A Descriptive research study was to assess the incidence and Health seeking behavior of gestational diabetes in pregnancy among the elderly primi mother. The target population for the study includes all antenatal women (12-36 weeks of gestation) who attend the antenatal clinics of AVBRH Out Patient Department. Sample consists of sub set of units that compose accessible population. In this study sample size was 100 elderly primi mother of selected area of community of Wardha. A tool is an instrument or equipment used for collection of data. A blue print was prepared prior to the construction of knowledge questionnaire based on which items were developed.
Results: A finding shows that (41%) were having good, (40%) were having very good, (17%) were having average and (2%) were having excellent knowledge score. The minimum score was 05 and maximum score was 14, the mean score for the test was 8.93 ± 2.23 and mean percentage of knowledge was 59.54%. There was no significant association in relation to age, education, occupation, No.of gravida, income etc.
A Cross Sectional analysis on the Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Plastic Surgery among Plastic Surgeons in India
Authors: Selvaraj Sanjay , Sundaramurthy Narayanamurthy , Mahipathy Surya Rao Rao Venkata , Durairaj Alagar Raja , Jeyachandiran Anand Prasath , Rajendran Suresh 
Published: January 2022

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic reduced the amount of elective procedures dramatically. We, as healthcare workers, are at grave danger of contracting COVID-19. It is consequently critical for plastic surgeons to maintain their safety while attempting to resume routine activities as soon as possible. The goal of this research is to learn more about plastic surgery practises during the COVID-19 pandemic. We plan to serve as many people as possible while conserving medical resources for future crises.
Objective: To study the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on plastic surgery among plastic surgeons in India
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out using a questionnaire. The study population is made up of plastic surgeons, and the study location was chosen from several hospitals in India. The study duration was 6 months. Data was obtained using the snowball sampling method using a pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire with 27 questions. The data was entered into an excel spreadsheet and analysed with SPSS version 16 software, with Fisher's exact test used for statistical analysis.
Results: A total of 61 participants were included in the study. The majority (60.7%) do not work in COVID-19 care in their hospital but the majority of the participants who took part in this study work in a hospital which is recognised as a COVID-19 centre for treatment (65.6%). 31 participants in their working hospitals there are more than 100 COVID-19 patients are being treated currently in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and covid ward (50.8%) and but majority of the participants do not work in COVID-19 centre (60.7%). The Association between centres having separate wards for COVID and non-COVID patients and whether plastic surgeons working in COVID-19 centre on applying fisher’s exact test the p-value was found to be 0.215. The Association between centres having separate wards for COVID and non-COVID patients and practicing microsurgery during this pandemic on applying Fisher’s exact test the p-value was found to be 0.884. The Association between screening patients for COVID during emergency and group of patients operated without waiting for COVID report during emergency on applying Fisher’s exact test the p-value was found to be 0.408
Conclusion: The current study demonstrates how the COVID-19 epidemic has affected the plastic surgery department and imposed restrictions. Plastic surgeons should be kept up to speed and informed on the latest information and techniques for treating this problem, as well as infection prevention and control. Using online lectures and webinars to continue education for young plastic surgery trainees is beneficial during this time.
Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of Hydroxy and Chloro-Substituted Chalcone Derivatives
Authors: Ammaji Shaik , Masthanamma Shaik 
Published: January 2022

Chalcones are a class of natural products reported with a wide range of biological activities. Among them antibacterial is much promising and many potent chalcones have been emerged as useful antibacterial agents. In view of this, we synthesized 15 chalcones (3a-3o) containing both hydroxyl and chlorine substituents and studied them by using spectroscopic methods. The compounds were tested for antibacterial efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Proteus vulgaris, among other harmful microorganisms. The compounds have moderate to high antibacterial activity, among them heteroaromatic ring containing compounds (3m, 3n, and 3o) elicited higher activity than the standard drug benzyl penicillin. The compound 3m having the pyridinyl compound displayed the maximum activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Proteus vulgaris, with zone of inhibition (in mm) values of 27.52±0.16, 28.85±0.11, 22.05±0.16, and 23.18±0.17, respectively. The synthesized compounds could be used as lead molecules in the development of novel antibacterial medicines.
Determination of Platelets Parameters among People Vaccinated with Oxford-AstraZeneca Vaccine - COVID Vaccine at Khartoum State -Sudan
Authors: Mohamed Wafa Salah Eldein Ibrahim , Abdallah Elharam Ibrahim , Omer Alaa Eltayeb , Eltayeb Lienda Bashier 
Published: January 2022

Background: The global SARS-CoV-2 vaccination program has been hampered by the rare-and initially inexplicable emergence of vaccine-associated thrombosis, particularly venous territory strokes or other venous obstructions, including portal vein thrombosis, which has been dubbed Vaccine-Induced Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia (VITT). So, this study was conducted to determine platelets parameters among people vaccinated with the AstraZeneca vaccine at Khartoum state.
Materials & Methods: A total of 50 AstraZeneca vaccinated participants (22 male and 26 female) were utilized as a case and 50 healthy non-vaccinated participants (21 male and 29 female) were used as control. The age of both groups ranged between (20-62) years with a mean of 34.6 ± 11.9. Platelets parameters were assayed for all patients using Sysmex KX-21.
Results: The statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS. The results of the study showed that there was no significant difference in platelets count and platelets indices when compared according to vaccine intake and gender. Also, the most frequent symptoms among vaccinated people were: muscle pain at the site of puncture (56%), fatigue (54%), fever (34%), headache (22%), nausea (16%), and diarrhea (6%) respectively and developed no symptoms (30%).
Conclusions: The study concludes that the side effects of the COVID-19 AstraZeneca vaccine in Khartoum state, Sudan was consistent with the manufacturers’ data. Healthcare providers and recipients of vaccines can be more confident about the safety of Oxford-AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccines.
Formulation Development and Evaluation of Doxofylline Sustained-Release Tablets by Using Chitosan and Guar Gum
Authors: Avhad Pawan , Gupta Revathi 
Published: January 2022

The sustained-release dosage form is a well-characterized and reproducible dosage form that is designed to control drug release profile at a certain rate to reach desired drug concentration in blood plasma or at the target site. There is immense demand in the market for new sustained-release formulations used for new drug molecules which release the drug at a sustained rate. Doxofylline is one of the widely useful drugs in the market and needs to be given in a single dose for a long duration of time. For the same, we have prepared a sustained released Doxofylline tablet.
Aim: This research was done to design, formulate and evaluate Doxofylline sustained-release tablets by using different concentrations of Chitosan and Guar Gum.
Methods: The factorial design was used to prepare Doxofylline sustained-release tablet. Doxofylline sustained-release tablets were prepared to employ different concentrations of Chitosan, Guar Gum, Lactose, and Magnesium Stearate in different combinations by wet granulation technique. Total 9 formulations were designed, formulated, and evaluated for the hardness, thickness, friability, % drug content, and in-vitro drug release.
Results: A study of the release of drug by in-vitro found that F8 is to be the best efficient formulation which consists of both Chitosan and Guar Gum helped in delayed the release of drug up to 24 hours and performs excellent release of drug in starting hours of drug release in the body. The drug released from the F8 formulation indicates the kinetic model of First Order, by anomalous diffusion. The formulation F8 shows optimum thickness, hardness and at 40ºC±2 99.35% drug release after 24 hours shows optimum formulation.
Conclusion: This study concludes that better drug release was observed by using natural polymers. Doxofylline with natural polymer shows good release and better dissolution rate as compared with a single synthetic polymer. Synthetic drug with natural polymer shows more future scope and this work will help the researcher in the future.
Causes of Death in COVID-19: A Minireview
Authors: Dhale Shravani , Chakole Swarupa , Bhatt Neha 
Published: January 2022

Background: More than two million people have died worldwide as a result of the new corona strain virus SARS-CoV-2 and the associated COVID-19 syndrome. Older patients with pre-existing health problems are more likely to die from their illness. We found that septic shock and multiple failures were the most common causes of death, mainly due to inflammation of the lungs, although there was no definitive study on the causes of death and the role of pre-existing conditions. In a few cases, respiratory failure caused by excessive alveolar injury was the cause of immediate death. Comorbidities such as asthma, heart disease, and obesity were present in most cases.
Conclusion: Our findings indicate that COVID-19 was related to death in the majority of decedents, rather than being a direct product of pre-existing health conditions and comorbidities. As a result, we conclude that COVID-19 killed most patients, with pre-existing health issues playing only a minor role in the death mechanism.
Ischemia in intracerebral hemorrhage: A comparative study of small‐vessel and large‐vessel diseases
Authors: Zhang Ailing , Ren Mengyang , Deng Wenjing , Xi Meijing , Tian Long , Han Zhuoya , Zang Weiping , Hu Hao , Zhang Bin , Cui Ling , Qi Peihong , Shang Yingjie 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to compare effects of cerebral small‐vessel disease (cSVD) burden and cerebral artery stenosis (CAS) on acute ischemia in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and their interaction with mean arterial pressure (MAP) change.MethodsWe recruited consecutive patients with acute primary ICH. Brain magnetic resonance imaging and angiography were performed to quantify diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) lesions, CAS, and cSVD markers, which were calculated for the total cSVD score. Multivariable regression models were adopted to explore their associations by DWI lesions size (<15 vs. ≥15 mm) and median MAP change stratification.ResultsOf 305 included patients (mean age 59.5 years, 67.9% males), 77 (25.2%) had DWI lesions (small, 79.2%; large, 20.8%) and 67 (22.0%) had moderate and severe CAS. In multivariable analysis, small DWI lesions were independently associated with higher total cSVD score (odds ratio [OR] 1.81, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.36–2.41). and large DWI lesions were associated with more severe CAS (OR 2.51, 95% CI 1.17–5.38). This association was modified by MAP change (interaction p = 0.016), with stratified analysis showing an increased risk of large DWI lesions in severe CAS with greater MAP change (≥44 mmHg) (OR 3.48, 95% CI 1.13–10.74) but not with mild MAP change (<44 mmHg) (OR 1.21, 95% CI 0.20–7.34).InterpretationTotal cSVD burden is associated with small DWI lesions, whereas the degree of CAS is associated with large DWI lesions, specifically with greater MAP change, suggesting that large‐artery atherosclerosis may be involved in ischemic brain injury, which is different from small‐vessel pathogenesis in ICH.
Atomically Thin 2D Interfaces as Sensors for Molecular Permeability through Cellular Layers and Thin Tissues
Authors: Koman Volodymyr B. , Gong Xun , Bakh Naveed A. , Silmore Kevin , Salem Daniel P. , Lew Tedrick Thomas Salim , Kuehne Matthias , Kozawa Daichi , Park Minkyung , Strano Michael S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe permeability of cell layers plays a critical role in the life sciences and medicine. It remains a long‐standing challenge to assess molecular transport through cell layers with subcellular spatial resolution. Herein, a novel sensing platform employing atomically thin and photoluminescent MoS2 monolayers as 2D sensing interfaces is developed to detect the diffusion of probe molecules through cellular layers and tissues. The 2D form factor enables monolayer MoS2 to serve as an array of 20 164 optical sensors covering a total area of 420 × 420 µm2, being the only nanosensor interface that can spatially image molecular permeability in this way. In a single layer of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), regions with diffusivities ranging from 1 × 10−9 to 3 × 10−8 cm2 s−1 are found that are in part spatially correlated with the immunofluorescence of vascular endothelial (VE)‐cadherin proteins found on the cell membrane. However, the new technique clearly identifies these locations as breaks of nanoscale cellular junctions less than 40 nm in length in intercellular clefts that are otherwise impossible to measure with conventional microscopy. With the ability to measure permeability through various tissues, this 2D sensing interface allows the measurement of biological properties to assist the development of targeted therapeutics and mechanistic models.