bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of dispersal, selection intensity, and extirpation risk in resilience to climate change: A trait‐based modelling approach
Authors: Mo Jessica , Polly P. David 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimFactors that make species resilient to climate change can be difficult to study with empirical data because conditions cannot be experimentally controlled. We used trait‐based evolutionary ecological agent‐based modelling to understand how dispersal, selection, extirpation, and other factors contribute to resilience under three climate change scenarios to test the extent to which high dispersal rate contributes to persistence of species and the extent to which they occupy large geographic ranges on an evolutionary time‐scale involving speciation, dispersal, gene flow, and extinction.LocationHesperia (an imaginary continent with controlled environmental heterogeneity).Major taxa studiedModelled mammalian herbivore clade with 16 terminal species, each of which is a metapopulation with a variable number of local populations.MethodsWe used NetLogo to model trait‐based biotic responses to climate change in an environmentally heterogeneous continent in an evolving clade, the species of which are each represented by local populations that disperse and interbreed; they also are subject to selection, genetic drift, and local extirpation. We simulated mammalian herbivores, whose success depends on tooth crown height, vegetation type, precipitation and grit.ResultsWe found that high dispersal probability usually allowed species to successfully track their ancestral habitat as the continent's geography was altered by climate change. However, tracking was insufficient to allow species’ traits to adapt to novel habitats that arose through the climate change process. High dispersal rates combined with moderate plasticity (lower extirpation risk) facilitated occupation of novel habitats, as did weak selective regimes.Main conclusionsThe interaction between dispersal, probability of local extirpation, and selection intensity were jointly required to understand the likelihood of species survival and how widespread they would be. Diversity and geographic occupancy were maximized when parameters facilitated evolutionary adaptation to novel habitats. High rates of dispersal were sufficient for habitat tracking but insufficient by themselves to allow occupation of newly emerged environments.
Prevalence and correlates of obesity among the oldest old. A systematic review, meta‐analysis and meta‐regression
Authors: Hajek André , Kretzler Benedikt , König Hans‐Helmut 
Published: April 2022

Thus far, the prevalence and correlates of obesity among the oldest have been identified in several studies. Nevertheless, there is a lack of a systematic review, meta‐analysis and meta‐regression synthesizing the existing observational studies. Consequently, our aim was to fill this knowledge gap. Three electronic databases were searched (Medline, PsycINFO, CINAHL) and an additional hand search was performed. Observational studies (both, cross‐sectional and longitudinal) determining the prevalence and (preferably) the correlates of obesity in the oldest old (≥80 years) were included. Data extraction covered study design, measurement of obesity, analytical approach, sample characteristics and main results. In total, 19 studies were included. Reported prevalence of obesity in the community varied greatly (range 0.7%–71.5%). The pooled prevalence of obesity was 17.8% (95% CI: 13.3%−22.2%), with significant heterogeneity between studies (I2 = 99.7%, P < 0.001). There is evidence of a publication bias. Meta‐regressions showed that some of the heterogeneity was explained by the types of measures of obesity and country of the respective sample. In conclusion, obesity remains a key challenge among the oldest old. Future research in this age bracket is urgently required in regions mostly neglected thus far (e.g., South America, Africa or Asia). Moreover, studies based on longitudinal data are required to clarify the determinants of obesity among the oldest old. Furthermore, studies based on objectively recorded obesity (e.g., waist circumference) are also required. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22: 373–383.
Heroism and/as injurious speech: Recognition, precarity, and inequality in health and social care work
Authors: Hales Sophie , Tyler Melissa 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper draws on Judith Butler’s (2009, 1997) writing on precarity and the interpellatory power of naming, read through her recent writing on the dynamics of recognition, vulnerability, and resistance, to develop a critique of the discourse of heroism used to position health and social care professionals, and other key workers, during the COVID pandemic. It does so in order to reflect on the insights into workplace inequalities that this example provides, in particular into what, to borrow from Butler, we might think of as the conditions necessary for a “workable life”. It argues that, although it might seem paradoxical, the heroic discourses and symbolism used to recognize health and social care workers throughout the pandemic can be understood as a form of “injurious speech” in Butler's terms, one that served to other key workers by subjecting them to a reified, rhetorical form of recognition. The analysis argues that this had the effect of accentuating health and care workers' precarity and of undermining their capacity to challenge and resist this positioning.
Ultrasound‐guided polidocanol foam sclerotherapy for symptomatic giant hepatic cyst: A single‐center experience
Authors: Eso Yuji , Shimizu Hironori , Takai Atsushi , Takahashi Ken , Seno Hiroshi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimSimple hepatic cysts are typically benign; however, when they are large and symptomatic, therapeutic intervention is required. We previously reported our initial experience with ultrasound (US)‐guided polidocanol foam sclerotherapy in three patients with symptomatic giant hepatic cysts. In the present study, we examined the efficacy and safety of polidocanol foam sclerotherapy in a larger number of patients with long‐term follow‐up.MethodsBetween May 2016 and April 2021, 15 patients with symptomatic giant hepatic cysts were referred to our hospital. All patients were prospectively included in the study and underwent US‐guided polidocanol foam sclerotherapy.ResultsThe mean maximum diameter and estimated cyst volume were 128.4 mm (77–223 mm) and 922.3 ml (123.2–2797 ml), respectively. Polidocanol foam was successfully administered through an 8.5‐Fr pigtail catheter in all patients. The percentages of cyst diameter/volume after 1–3 months, 3–6 months, 6 months–1 year, 1–2 years, and 2–4 years of sclerotherapy were 66.8%/36.5%, 48.1%/14.8%, 34.1%/6.9%, 28.2%/3.7%, and 26.2%/3.1%, respectively. During the follow‐up period, there were no cases of symptom recurrence or need for additional treatment due to cyst re‐growth. Six patients (40%) had fever, one had nausea, and one had right‐sided chest pain, but none of these adverse events required prolonged hospitalization or readmission.ConclusionsUS‐guided polidocanol foam sclerotherapy may be an effective and safe method for the treatment of symptomatic giant hepatic cysts.
FTIR coupled with machine learning to unveil spectroscopic benchmarks in the Italian EVOO
Authors: Scatigno Claudia , Festa Giulia 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNon‐destructive analytical analyses coupled with classification and regression algorithms are promising techniques for monitoring quality, traceability and safety assessment in food industry. To prevent food fraud, Italian Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO) is particularly held in check. Here, attenuated total Reflectance‐Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR) with Machine Learning is carried out to study an Italian EVOO data set coming from 6 regions to verify the geographical traceability, the cultivar and the repeatability of the agronomical practices, till the adulterated EVOO from soy and corn. The present work is carried out without reagents or esterification processes and considering the entire frequency range without any spectral windows selection, drastically reducing time and costs. Toscana, Lazio, Puglia and Calabria result regions well reproducible in terms of geo‐traceability, unlike the Sicilia and Umbria. The model extracts spectral benchmarks in EVOO in the following vibrational modes at 3004, 2952, 2922, 2852, 1742 and 1160 cm‐1.
Management of the wound care clinic during the novel coronavirus pneumonia pandemic period: Sharing of management experience in a general hospital of China
Authors: He Zhenhua , Dela Rosa Ronnell 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWith the surge in the confirmed cases of the novel coronavirus pneumonia, medical resources in many countries have been put on red alert levels. The operation management systems of hospitals, including wound care clinics, must be innovated to ensure the normal operation of the hospital and meet the medical care needs of the people. At the same time, scientific control measures are also required to prevent the spread of the novel coronavirus pneumonia in the hospital. Actually, during the novel coronavirus pneumonia pandemic, emergency management methods for wound care clinics such as online appointments and remote online diagnosis and treatment, the rational arrangement of human resources, the scientific implementation of epidemic prevention and control measures, and the strict implementation of the management of the clinic environment and item disinfection measures to strengthen the management of protective materials, wound care materials, and dressing equipment by partition have been introduced and innovated, thus helping reduce the gathering of people in wound care clinics, create a safe medical environment, and avoid the spread of the novel coronavirus pneumonia caused by diagnosis and treatment.
Fabrication of highly dense Si3N4 via record low‐content additive system for low‐temperature pressureless sintering
Authors: Kumar Kundan , Kim Mi‐Ju , Oh Hyeon‐Myeong , Park Young‐Jo , Kim Ha‐Neul , Ma Ho Jin , Lee Jae‐Wook , Ko Jae‐Woong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDense Si3N4 ceramics were fabricated by pressureless sintering at a low temperature of 1650°C with a short holding period of 1 h under a nitrogen atmosphere. The role of ternary oxide additives (Y2O3–MgO–Al2O3, Y2O3–MgO–SiO2, Y2O3–MgO–ZrO2) on the phase, microstructure, and mechanical properties of Si3N4 was examined. Only 5 wt.% of Y2O3–MgO–Al2O3 additive was sufficient to achieve >98% of theoretical density with remarkably high biaxial strength (∼1200 MPa) and prominent hardness (∼15.5 GPa). Among the three additives used, Y2O3–MgO–Al2O3 displayed the finest grain diameter (0.54 μm), whereas Y2O3–MgO–ZrO2 produced the largest average grain diameter (∼0.95 μm); the influence was seen on their mechanical properties. The low additive content Si3N4 system is expected to have superior high‐temperature properties compared to the system with high additive content. This study shows a cost‐effective fabrication of highly dense Si3N4 with excellent mechanical properties.
Mental health outcomes in formerly incarcerated Black men: A systematic mixed studies review
Authors: Addison Helena A. , Richmond Therese S. , Lewis Lisa M. , Jacoby Sara 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimsThe aim of this review was to evaluate the current state of scientific knowledge describing the mental health of Black men who have experienced incarceration.DesignThis systematic mixed studies review employed a sequential explanatory design integrating quantitative and qualitative published research.Data sourcesPubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Social Work and Criminal Justice databases were searched using search terms addressing core constructs of mental health, Black men, incarceration and re‐entry, January 2010 through October 2021.Review methodsArticles identified through a search protocol were screened for inclusion as: peer‐reviewed original research, published in English and relevant to the mental health of formerly incarcerated Black men in the United States.ResultsTwenty‐three articles met inclusion criteria. Quantitative findings demonstrated significant associations between incarceration history and poor mental health, including higher levels of psychological distress, increased severity of depressive and PTSD symptoms, and delayed mental health treatment. Discrimination, negative police encounters, solitary confinement and difficulty finding employment were associated with the relationship between incarceration and mental health outcomes. Four themes were identified from the qualitative synthesis: (1) Social Determinants of Mental Health (2) Pushing Through Emotional Despair (3) Challenges to Healthcare Engagement and (4) Gender, Race and Intersections between Social Identities.ImpactThe United States has the highest rate of incarceration in the world and disproportionately incarcerates Black men. This review contextualizes the relationship between incarceration history and mental health in the lived experiences and perspectives of formerly incarcerated Black men. Findings indicate the need for interventions to support mental health needs and prevent downstream health consequences in this population.ConclusionMental health concerns are pervasive in formerly incarcerated Black men; to address key gaps in current scientific understandings future research should focus on how Black men navigate help‐seeking experiences and use mental health services in the context of an incarceration history.
Digital‐first assessments: A security framework
Authors: LaFlair Geoffrey T. , Langenfeld Thomas , Baig Basim , Horie André Kenji , Attali Yigal , von Davier Alina A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundDigital‐first assessments leverage the affordances of technology in all elements of the assessment process: from design and development to score reporting and evaluation to create test taker‐centric assessments.ObjectivesThe goal of this paper is to describe the engineering, machine learning, and psychometric processes and technologies of a test security framework (part of a larger ecosystem; Burstein et al., 2021) that can be used to create systems that protect the integrity of test scores.MethodsWe use the Duolingo English Test to exemplify the processes and technologies that are presented. This includes methods for actively detecting and deterring malicious behaviour (e.g., a custom desktop app). It also includes methods for passively detecting and deterring malicious behaviour (e.g., a large item bank created through automatic generation methods). We describe the certification process that each test administration undergoes, which includes both automated and human review. Additionally, we describe our quality assurance dashboard which leverages psychometric data mining techniques to monitor test quality and inform decisions about item pool maintenance.Results and ConclusionsAs assessment developers transition to online delivery and to a design approach that places the test taker at the centre, it becomes increasingly important to take advantage of the tools and methodological advances in different fields (e.g., engineering, machine learning, psychometrics). These tools and methods are essential to maintaining the security of assessments so that the score reliability is sustained and the interpretations and uses of test scores remain valid.
Venetoclax enhances DNA damage induced by XPO1 inhibitors: A novel mechanism underlying the synergistic antileukaemic effect in acute myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Yu Hanxi , Wu Shuangshuang , Liu Shuang , Li Xinyu , Gai Yuqing , Lin Hai , Wang Yue , Edwards Holly , Ge Yubin , Wang Guan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAcute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a highly heterogeneous haematologic malignancy with poor prognosis. We previously showed synergistic antileukaemic interaction between exportin 1 (XPO1) inhibitor KPT‐330 (Selinexor) and Bcl‐2 inhibitor venetoclax (ABT‐199) in preclinical models of AML, which was partially meditated by Mcl‐1, although the full mechanism of action remains unknown. In this study, using real‐time RT‐PCR and Western blot analysis, we show that inhibition of XPO1 via KPT‐330 or KPT‐8602 (Eltanexor) decreases the mRNA and protein levels of c‐Myc, CHK1, WEE1, RAD51 and RRM2. KPT‐330 and KPT‐8602 induce DNA damage, as determined by alkaline comet assay. In addition, we demonstrate that venetoclax enhances KPT‐330‐ and KPT‐8602‐induced DNA damage, likely through inhibition of DNA damage repair. This study provides new insight into the molecular mechanism underlying the synergistic antileukaemic activity between venetoclax and XPO1 inhibitors against AML. Our data support the clinical evaluation of this promising combination therapy for the treatment of AML.
Early‐season brown trout (Salmo trutta) migrants grow and survive better at sea
Authors: Jensen Arne J. , Diserud Ola H. , Finstad Bengt , Fiske Peder , Thorstad Eva B. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe timing of seaward migration is a key life‐history trait for many anadromous fish species, with growth and survival at sea depending on a match/mismatch scenario between the timing of the sea entry and optimal conditions. Based on a 25‐year study with 15,226 individually tagged brown trout (Salmo trutta) in a Norwegian river, we analysed how the within‐season timing of sea migration impacted growth and survival. In both first‐time and veteran migrants, marine growth was highest for early migrating individuals, large individuals, and those with a low condition factor when entering the sea. Survival was highest for individuals entering the sea early in the season. In first‐time migrants, survival increased with body length. Survival also increased with the number of other smolts migrating simultaneously. As the early smolts were the most successful, it may seem strange that many smolts migrate later in the season. We suggest that late‐migrating smolts may not be of a size and/or physiological state suitable for early marine conditions, and may make the best of a bad situation.
Highlight on drying fruit slices with better retention of bioactive compounds
Authors: Raveendran Dhivya , Bhagwat Madhura , Chidanand Duggonahally Veeresh , Anandakumar Sugumar , Sunil Chikkaballapur Krishnappa 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn the human diet, bioactive compounds are additional nutrients that are available through fruits. They positively influence human health with their antioxidant activity. To extend shelf life and produce value‐added products, fruits are dried. However, in the process of drying, bioactive compounds are degraded and reduced. In the modern fruit drying facilities, fruits are dried as slices which find their market as snacks and as garnishes for ice creams, yoghurts, and cookies. Hence, it is essential to adopt drying methods that aim at maximum retention of bioactive compounds. Conventional drying methods poorly retain the bioactive constituents and have higher processing time. Potential drying systems that better retain the bioactive compounds include vacuum dryer, hybrid dryer, and freeze dryer. The review focus on different pretreatments and drying methods employed for drying fruit slices with a highlight to the retention of bioactive compounds such as phenols, flavonoids, carotenoids, anthocyanins, and ascorbic acid. The review also gives an outline of the latest techniques to process dried fruit slices with high retention of bioactive compounds.Practical ApplicationsDried fruit slices are valued products from fruits that, after drying, retain a high level of bioactive compounds, fetch a reasonable price in the market. Various drying means for drying fruit slices have been discoursed in the study. Dry fruit makers can choose from various procedures and pretreatments, depending on the costs involved and the technology available. Consumers are watching for healthy snacking options which dry fruit slices can fulfill.
Reliability of the nonalcoholic steatohepatitis clinical research network and steatosis activity fibrosis histological scoring systems
Authors: Leung Howard Ho‐Wai , Puspanathan Pavitratha , Chan Anthony Wing‐Hung , Nik Mustapha Nik Raihan , Wong Vincent Wai‐Sun , Chan Wah‐Kheong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground and AimWe aimed to determine whether lobular inflammation and ballooning grades in the Non‐alcoholic Steatohepatitis Clinical Research Network (NASH CRN) scoring system can be directly translated into the same for the Steatosis Activity Fibrosis scoring system (SAF) and to look at intra‐observer and inter‐observer agreement for each individual histological component and for diagnosis of non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) using the two scoring systems.MethodsFour pathologists from two Asian centers scored 20 digitalized slides, twice using the NASH CRN, twice using the SAF. Intra‐observer and inter‐observer agreement was analyzed using Fleiss' kappa, weighted kappa, or Cohen kappa, where appropriate.ResultsThe intra‐observer discrepancy rate when using the NASH CRN compared with the SAF was higher than when using the individual scoring system for lobular inflammation (15% comparing both scoring systems vs 10% and 1.8% for the NASH CRN and the SAF, respectively) and hepatocyte ballooning (33.8% vs 12.5% and 5%, respectively), but not for diagnosis of NASH (6.3% vs 6.3% and 0%, respectively). Intra‐observer and inter‐observer agreement was substantial to almost perfect, except for inter‐observer agreement for lobular inflammation and diagnosis of NASH, which was only fair to moderate in most instances.ConclusionThese findings do not support the direct inter‐translation between the NASH CRN and the SAF. However, the diagnosis of NASH during examinations using the NASH CRN may be comparable with diagnosis of NASH using the SAF, vice versa. The inter‐observer agreement for lobular inflammation and NASH diagnosis needs to be improved.
The transcription factors TLR1 and TLR2 negatively regulate trichome density and artemisinin levels in Artemisia annua
Authors: Lv Zongyou , Li JinXing , Qiu Shi , Qi Fei , Su Hang , Bu Qitao , Jiang Rui , Tang Kexuan , Zhang Lei , Chen Wansheng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe important antimalarial drug artemisinin is biosynthesized and stored in Artemisia annua glandular trichomes and the artemisinin content correlates with trichome density; however, the factors affecting trichome development are largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the A. annua R2R3 MYB transcription factor TrichomeLess Regulator 1 (TLR1) negatively regulates trichome development. In A. annua, TLR1 overexpression lines had 44.7%–64.0% lower trichome density and 11.5%–49.4% lower artemisinin contents and TLR1‐RNAi lines had 33%–93.3% higher trichome density and 32.2%–84.0% higher artemisinin contents compared with non‐transgenic controls. TLR1 also negatively regulates the expression of anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway genes in A. annua. When heterologously expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana, TLR1 interacts with GLABROUS3a, positive regulator of trichome development, and represses trichome development. Yeast two‐hybrid and pull‐down assays indicated that TLR1 interacts with the WUSCHEL homeobox (WOX) protein AaWOX1, which interacts with the LEAFY‐like transcription factor TLR2. TLR2 overexpression in Arabidopsis and A. annua showed that TLR2 reduces trichome development by reducing gibberellin levels. Furthermore, artemisinin contents were 19%–43% lower in TLR2‐overexpressing A. annua plants compared to controls. These data indicate that TLR1 and TLR2 negatively regulate trichome density by lowering gibberellin levels and may enable approaches to enhance artemisinin yields.