bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel approach on designing ultrahigh burnup metallic TWR fuels: Upsetting the current technological limits
Authors: Feng Linna , Xu Yuwen , Qiu Jie , Liu Xiang , Wen Chunyang , Qian Zhengyu , Liu Wenbo , Yan Wei , Li Yanfen , Wang Zhaohao , Zheng Shilun , Guo Shaoqiang , Shi Tan , Lu Chenyang , Gou Junli , Li Liangxing , Shan Jianqiang , Stubbins James F. , Gu Long , Yun Di 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The grand challenge of “net-zero carbon” emission calls for technological breakthroughs in energy production. The traveling wave reactor (TWR) is designed to provide economical and safe nuclear power and solve imminent problems, including limited uranium resources and radiotoxicity burdens from back-end fuel reprocessing/disposal. However, qualification of fuels and materials for TWR remains challenging and it sets an “end of the road” mark on the route of R&D of this technology. In this article, a novel approach is proposed to maneuver reactor operations and utilize high-temperature transients to mitigate the challenges raised by envisioned TWR service environment. Annular U-50Zr fuel and oxidation dispersion strengthened (ODS) steels are proposed to be used instead of the current U-10Zr and HT-9 ferritic/martensitic steels. In addition, irradiation-accelerated transport of Mn and Cr to the cladding surface to form a protective oxide layer as a self-repairing mechanism was discovered and is believed capable of mitigating long-term corrosion. This work represents an attempt to disruptively overcome current technological limits in the TWR fuels.

Impact statement
After the Fukushima accident in 2011, the entire nuclear industry calls for a major technological breakthrough that addresses the following three fundamental issues: (1) Reducing spent nuclear fuel reprocessing demands, (2) reducing the probability of a severe accident, and (3) reducing the energy production cost per kilowatt-hour. An inherently safe and ultralong life fast neutron reactor fuel form can be such one stone that kills the three birds. In light of the recent development findings on U-50Zr fuels, we hereby propose a disruptive, conceptual metallic fuel design that can serve the following purposes at the same time: (1) Reaching ultrahigh burnup of above 40% FIMA, (2) possessing strong inherent safety features, and (3) extending current limits on fast neutron irradiation dose to be far beyond 200 dpa. We believe that this technology will be able to bring about revolutionary changes to the nuclear industry by significantly lowering the operational costs as well as improving the reactor system safety to a large extent.

Graphical abstract
StarSpace: Embed All The Things!
Authors: Wu Ledell , Fisch Adam , Chopra Sumit , Adams Keith , Bordes Antoine , Weston Jason 
Published: November 2022

We present StarSpace, a general-purpose neural embedding model that can solve a wide variety of problems: labeling tasks such as text classification,ranking tasks such as information retrieval/web search,collaborative filtering-based or content-based recommendation,embedding of multi-relational graphs, and learning word, sentence or document level embeddings.In each case the model works by embedding those entities comprised of discrete features and comparing them against each other -- learning similarities dependent on the task.Empirical results on a number of tasks show that StarSpace is highly competitive with existing methods, whilst also being generally applicable to new cases where those methods are not.
Profitability of cabbage production by smallholder farmers in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
Authors: Mdoda L. , Obi A. , Mzuyanda C. , Jiba P. 
Published: November 2022

Cabbage is one of the most cultivated vegetable crops that are used as a staple crop because of its affordability and nutritional value. Improving profit efficiency in vegetable farming is important for both economic, livelihood, and to certain extent - food security. The crop plays a significant role in reducing the poverty levels of the previously disadvantaged in different parts of South Africa. We argue that cabbage is mostly grown by smallholder farmers whose technical efficiency is not well known. It is for this reason that we take measures towards developing empirical evidence on technical efficiency to enhance its production and advancement. The study estimated technical efficiency and factors of technical inefficiency among smallholder irrigation producers of cabbage. A total of 150 growers were selected from a list of vegetable farmers from Eastern Cape Municipalities using a multi-stage sampling. A stochastic production frontier model was employed while correcting for heteroscedasticity in stochastic and inefficiency error terms. Gross margin was used to determine the profitability of smallholder cabbage farming. The study findings revealed that farming is practiced by the elderly who mainly had primary education. There were increasing returns from cabbage farming and farmer average technical efficiency of about 78%. This implies 21.16% inefficiency level, indicating that there are reserves available to raise revenues through refining practical and allocative competencies of farmers. Farm size (Area), seed and capital were production-increasing variables while fertilizer and labour used were reducing farm returns of cabbage production. Sources of farmer technical inefficiency were age, farm experience, years spent in school, access to extension services, household size and transportation to markets. The provision of formal skills development training and resources for farmers could improve the technical and managerial capacities of farmers.
Large earthquake occurrence affected by small stress changes
Authors: Rydelek Paul A. , Sacks I. Selwyn 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMany observations suggest that relatively small changes in stress may trigger or inhibit earthquakes. This result is surprising because the perturbing stress is only a small fraction of the stress drop from the affected earthquake. We investigate this phenomenon by simulating the earthquake fault with a numerical model that is physically realistic. A fault is not homogeneous, and therefore, the failure criteria will vary over the surface of the fault. We model fault heterogeneity as simple Coulomb failure on smaller but mostly uniform areas that comprise the fault. As a result of multiple (and repeated) failures over these small areas, the fault can have a very uneven stored stress. We show that it is possible for small changes in confining stress of a few tenths of a bar to advance or retard the occurrence of large earthquakes by decades. Because such stress changes can be generated by nearby earthquakes, and over much longer time scales by postseismic strain diffusion from large distant earthquakes, estimates of the probabilities of earthquake occurrence must take into account these stress perturbations in order to be reliable.
DEVELOPMENT OF MICROCAPSULES BASED ON COMBINED ANTIDIABETIC SUBSTANCE: PHARMACOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Authors: Giyoszoda A. , Stepanova E. F. , Veselova O. F. , Storozhenko S. E. 
Published: November 2022

The comparative assessment results of the hypoglycemic activity of a combined preparation containing microcapsules with a phytocomposition consisting of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. extracts, a dry extract of Galega officinalis L., Mentha piperita L., and gliclazide, are discussed in the article. Methods for obtaining microcapsules with an original PEG-6000 shell are described.The aim of the study was to develop an optimal technology for obtaining microcapsules with a PEG-6000 shell containing a combined antidiabetic substance, and conduct its detailed pharmacological study on the model of type 2 diabetes mellitus, to conduct a detailed comparative pharmacological study of a microencapsulated antidiabetic composition with a shell based on PEG-6000, including gliclazide and a sum of phytoextracts on the model of type 2 diabetes mellitus.Materials and methods. As the main objects of the study, microcapsules with a PEG-6000 shell were obtained using methyl miristate as the base liquid. The capsules contained the amount of plant extracts in their composition: a dry extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra L., a dry extract of Galega officinalis L., a dry extract of Mentha piperita L., and gliclazide. The study of a hypoglycemic activity was carried out after a single administration of drugs to the animals with alloxan-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus. The cumulative effect assessment of the drugs was carried out within 14 days with a test for the resistance to oral glucose on days 7 and 14.Results. Microcapsules with the original shell were obtained by dispersion in a liquid-liquid system with the adjustment of some technological stages. The effect of the drugs under study on the glycemic profile in the rats with an experimental model of type 2 diabetes mellitus was investigated. A comparative evaluation of the pharmacological effect was carried out with a separate and combined use of microencapsulated preparations.Conclusion. The rationality of combining phytocomponents and a synthetic antidiabetic agent in microcapsules has been proven. The obtained results testify to the rationality of plant extracts combination and a synthetic hypoglycemic agent – gliclazide in microcapsules.
ADAPTATION OF “DRIED BLOOD DROP” METHOD FOR THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING
Authors: Petrov V. I. , Anikeev I. S. , Zayachnikova T. E. , Strygin A. V. , Dotsenko A. M. 
Published: November 2022

To control the concentration of drugs with a narrow therapeutic range, and to conduct effective and safe treatments, Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) is carried out. However, to date, the implementation of TDM is associated with various difficulties, for the solution of which more convenient and less invasive methods for collecting biological material are being developed.The aim of the study was to develop protocols for the collection and storage of “dried blood spot” (DBS) samples, as well as protocols for the validation methods for the quantitative determination of drugs in whole blood, using this technology for subsequent therapeutic drug monitoring.Materials and methods. To analyze a “dried blood spot” method in detail and to identify the characteristic features of taking and storing biosamples, a collection and analysis of scientific literature over the past 10 years has been conducted. The search for literature materials has been carried out from open and accessible sources located in the scientific libraries of institutions, in electronic databases and search engines: Elibrary, PubMed, Scopus, Cyberleninka, Medline, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Google Scholar. Primary protocols for taking, storing and analyzing samples of the “dried blood drop” have been prepared. To obtain the adequate quality samples, the developed protocols have been tested and optimized at the stages of selection and storage. By high-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric detection (HPLC-MS/MS), using a “dried blood drop” as a sample preparation, drug validation protocols have been optimized to ensure that acceptable validation characteristics were achieved, and subsequent Therapeutic Drug Monitoring was performed.Results. The features of the collection, storage and analysis of the “dried blood spot” samples have been revealed. Such characteristics as a spot volume effect, a hematocrit effect, a droplet uniformity, which can affect the results of a quantitative HPLC-MS/MS analysis, have been determined. For a successful use of the new methods, appropriate protocols for taking samples of “dried blood spot” from the finger of adult patients and from the heel of newborns, as well as protocols for validating methods for the quantitative determination of drugs from these samples, have been developed.Conclusion. The application of the “dried blood spot” method using newly developed protocols for taking, storing and analyzing biological samples, relieves the existing constraints in conducting TDM, and can later become a promising method for conducting preclinical and clinical studies.
SAFETY STUDY OF ROMIPLOSTIM BIOSIMILAR
Authors: Afanasyeva A. N. , Saparova V. B. , Karal-Ogly D. D. , Mukhametzyanova E. I. , Kurkin D. V. , Kalatanova A. V. , Makarenko I. E. , Khokhlov A. L. , Lugovik I. A. 
Published: November 2022

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura is a chronic autoimmune hematological disease caused by an increased destruction of platelets and associated thrombocytopenia, for the treatment of which the imported drug romiplostim is used. Сreation of the drug biosimilar provides a reduction in the cost of therapy and an access for the treatment to more patients.The aim of the study was to compare the safety indicators of the reference drug and its biosimilar in vivo and in vitro.Materials and methods. In the in vitro study, a model of “complement-dependent cytotoxicity” induced by the complement was formed on the 32D hTPOR clone 63-cell line, followed by a cell viability measurement with the CellTitter Glo® kit. An in vivo part of the study was carried out on Javanese macaque monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). During the experiment, the clinical condition, mortality, appetite of the animals, their body weight, body temperature, respiratory rate were assessed, the clinical parameters of blood and urine of the animals were also monitored, and the hemostasis indicators were additionally measured.Results. In the in vitro experiment, the original drug romiplostim and its biosimilar GP40141 were compared in terms of EC50 values. The indicatirs did not show complement-dependent cytotoxicity. According to the in vivo results, no deviations were recorded in the clinical status of the animals and their feed intake, and no lethality was fixed out in the groups either. For all the parameters studied (body weight and temperature, respiratory rate, clinical urinalysis, clinical and biochemical blood tests, coagulation hemostasis), GP40141 and romiplostim, when administered at the doses equivalent to 10 toxic doses (TDs), had comparable effects.Conclusion. In the comparison of safety performance both in vitro and in vivo, the original drug romiplostim and its biosimilar GP40141 showed similar results.
Probabilistic assessment of cereal-rye impacts on regional crop yield and soil carbon
Authors: Rai Teerath , Lee Nicole , II Martin Williams , Davis Adam , Villamil Marِía B. , Dokoohaki Hamze 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Field research for exploring the impact of winter cover crops (WCCs) integration into cropping systems is resource intensive, time consuming and offers limited application beyond the study area. To bridge this gap, we used the APSIM model, to simulate corn (Zea mays L.) – rye – corn – rye and corn – rye – soybean (Glycine max L.) – rye rotations in comparison to corn – corn and corn – soybean rotations across the state of Illinois at a spatial resolution of 5 km × 5 km from 2000–2020 to study the impact of WCCs on soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics and crop production. By propagating the uncertainty in model simulations associated with initial conditions, weather, soil, and management practices, we estimated the probability and the expected value of change in crop yield and SOC following WCC integration. Our results suggest that integrating cereal rye into the crop rotations did not incur any yield penalties, and on the contrary, imparted greater yield stability for corn across the state. It was found that the areas with low probability of increase in SOC (p < 0.75) respond equally well for soil carbon sequestration through long-term adoption of WCCs. Furthermore, the average simulated soil carbon sequestration rate was found to be higher than 0.4% as set by Lima Paris Action Agenda to meet sustainable development goals. This study presents the most complete uncertainty accounting of WCC benefits across broad region and provides greater insight into the spatiotemporal variability of WCCs benefits for increasing WCC adoption rate.
Improvised Dynamic Round-Robin Scheduling for Optimum Resource Utilization in Cloud Systems
Authors: Aradhya Suvarna N , Priya Rashmi 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Task Scheduling for optimum utilization of resources (CPU, Memory, Bandwidth, etc.) implies executing maximum number of tasks using minimum of resources. In large scale Cloud Computing and its associated architectures (Fog/Edge/IoT) used for new business models to provide uninterrupted services with intermittent connections to cloud servers, resource optimization plays a critical role as it determines the quality of service (QoS) offered to customers. Consequently, task scheduling for parallel processing is fundamental to understanding Resource Utilization, Inter-Process Communication, Network Latency, Load Balancing, Job Migration and Fault Tolerance. In this paper, an effort is made to explore, optimize and analyse usage of computing resources through implementation of scheduling algorithms on a cloud scenario. The results are construed with respect to several performance indicators that affect the QoS.
Uncertainty in child custody cases after parental separation: context and decision-making process
Authors: Mendes Josimar Antônio de Alcântara , Ormerod Thomas 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Context factors (e.g., a family’s developmental crisis) can affect the child custody decision-making process and the child’s best interests after parental separation. But what are these context factors, and how can they vary across different cultures and legal systems? This paper reports a cross-cultural qualitative study funded by the Brazilian Ministry of Education and was carried out under a Naturalistic Decision-making approach. This study addresses context factors that impact the decision-making of experienced legal actors working in child custody cases. Interviews were conducted with 73 legal actors (judges, prosecutors, lawyers, psychologists and social workers) in Brazil and England. The data gathered were analysed employing a reflexive thematic analysis that generated seven themes addressing how uncertainty is structured by context factors in child custody cases after parental separation. The themes generated encompassed three domains (‘family’, ‘family court’ and ‘legal-psychosocial’) that draw attention to the sources of uncertainty in child custody cases, especially to the role of contextual players (family and children) in the child custody decision-making process.
Areas of enduring COVID-19 prevalence: drivers of prevalence and mitigating strategies.
Authors: Lewis Catherine , Johnson Sheena , Hartwig Angelique , Ubido Janet , Coleman Anna , Gartland Nicola , Kamal Atiya , Gaokar Amit , Armitage Chris , Fishwick David , Tongeren Martie van 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background: UK local authorities that experience sustained high levels of COVID-19 are described as areas of enduring prevalence (1). This research was carried out to investigate reasons for sustained high prevalence, along with mitigation strategies employed by Directors of Public Health, who lead public health teams.
Methods: Interviews were conducted with Directors of Public Health in 19 local authority areas across England, between July and November 2021. This included nine areas identified as areas of enduring prevalence and ten ‘comparison’ areas.
Results: The research suggests that health inequalities influence the wider picture of prevalence rates of COVID-19. Structural factors including deprivation, employment, and housing, due to the disproportionate impact on specific groups, converged with demographic factors including ethnicity and age, and vaccination rates, and were identified as key drivers of enduring prevalence. There are key differences in these drivers both within local authorities, and to a lesser extent, between areas of enduring prevalence and their comparison areas.
Conclusions: The research suggests that existing health inequalities influenced the wider picture of prevalence rates of COVID-19. Participants advised that more research is needed on the effectiveness of mitigation strategies, and to better understand the factors that drive prevalence. This would include an assessment of how these factors to combine to predict transmission, how this varies between different areas, and the relative importance of each
factor.
Risk factors of pulmonary complications in the patients with COVID-19: A case-control study
Authors: Eslamian Mohammad , Talebzadeh Hamid , Fasahat Amirhossein , Ghasemi Maryam , Seifnezhad Arsham , Zefreh Hamidreza , Sheikhbahaei Erfan , Parchami Koorosh , Nazemroaya Behzad , Tarrahi Mohammad Javad , Firouzfar Alireza , Esfahanian Fatemeh 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Pneumothorax (PTX), pneumomediastinum (PM), and emphysema (EM) are complications of SARS-CoV-2 infections. Studying these situations' risk factors, complications, and prognosis is essential for early diagnosis during a pandemic.
Methods
We performed a case-control study of patients diagnosed with coronavirus pneumonia complicated with PTX, PM, and EM compared with patients without these complications to evaluate the risk factors for the incidence and prognosis of patients with pulmonary complications of COVID-19. We used parametric, non-parametric, and regression tests to analyze the data.
Results
We enrolled 162 patients (81 complicated, 81 uncomplicated). A past medical history of diabetes mellitus (DM), hyperlipidemia (HLP), lung disease, and ischemic heart disease (IHD) was not associated with PTX, PM, and EM in COVID 19 pneumonia (p-value > 0.05). The mortality rate was higher in the case group (69% vs. 15%). Among ventilator modes, 46.2% of intubated patients in the case group had synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation (SIMV) for their ventilation. ESR, CRP, D-dimer, LDH, WBC, and troponin significantly increased, and lymphocytes decreased in complicated COVID compared to control groups (p-value < 0.05).
Conclusion
The nature of SARS-CoV-2 predisposes patients to PTX and other pulmonary complications. In practice, we could predict the complications and severity of COVID-19 pneumonia from some specific laboratory data.
Condylar motion analysis - a controlled, blinded clinical study on the interindividual reproducibility of standardized evaluation of computer- recorded condylar movements
Authors: Ahlers M. Oliver , Petersen Tim , Katzer Lukasz D. , Türp Jens C. , Jakstat Holger A. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Objectives

The present study investigated to what extent systematic evaluation of electronic condylar motion recordings based on the Diagnostic Criteria for Dysfunction (DCD) leads to reproducible results in different examiners.

Methods

The study was based on the anonymized condylar motion recordings of 20 patients. These were recruited consecutively from the examinations in a center specializing in diagnosing and managing craniomandibular/temporomandibular disorders (CMD/TMD). Four trained practitioners independently evaluated the identical movement recordings of all patients after calibration. The evaluation was based on the previously published evaluation system. The CMDtrace software was used to record the results. The findings were then compared, and the matching values were determined (Fleiss' Kappa).

Results

The evaluation, according to Fleiss' Kappa, showed that the consistency of the assessment of the findings among the examiners is excellent (mean value 0.88, p < 0.00001).

Conclusion

The study shows that calibrated dentists achieved reproducible results using this evaluation system and computer-assisted reporting.

Clinical Relevance

Good reproducibility confirms the reliability of clinical motion analysis. The ambiguities uncovered and eliminated in the study should avoid misunderstandings in the future. Both factors establish the prerequisites for applying condylar motion analysis in clinical practice.