bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Substantia nigra degeneration in spinocerebellar ataxia 2 and 7 using neuromelanin‐sensitive imaging
Authors: Chougar Lydia , Coarelli Giulia , Lejeune François‐Xavier , Ziegner Pia , Gaurav Rahul , Biondetti Emma , Sayah Sabrina , Hilab Rania , Dagher Alain , Durr Alexandra , Lehéricy Stéphane 
Published: January 2025

AbstractObjectiveSpinocerebellar ataxias (SCA) are neurodegenerative diseases with widespread lesions across the central nervous system. Ataxia and spasticity are usually predominant, but patients may also present with parkinsonism. We aimed to characterize substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) degeneration in SCA2 and 7 using neuromelanin‐sensitive imaging.MethodsAtaxic and preataxic expansion carriers with SCA2 (n=15) and SCA7 (n=15) and healthy controls (n=10) were prospectively recruited. Volume and signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) values of the SNc were extracted from neuromelanin‐sensitive images. ROC curves were used to determine the metrics that best differentiated SCA participants. Correlations between imaging measurements, clinical variables, and plasma neurofilaments light chain (NfL) levels were investigated.ResultsSCA2 participants had lower SNR values in the SNc than controls (110.2 ± 1.3 versus 113.2 ± 1.4; p < 0.001) and those with SCA7 (112.5 ± 2.1; p < 0.01). SNR in SCA7 participants and controls did not differ. In ataxic patients, SNc volumes were lower in SCA2 (0.13 ± 0.04; p = 0.06) and SCA7 (0.10 ± 0.03, p = 0.02) patients compared to controls (0.17 ± 0.04). Signal decrease was detected at the preataxic stage in SCA2, but not in SCA7. SCA2 participants showed prominent involvement of the associative and limbic nigral territories. SNR discriminated ataxic and preataxic SCA2 participants from controls (AUC ≥0.94). SNc volume differentiated ataxic SCA7 participants from controls (AUC = 1), but not preataxic ones. In SCA7, correlations were observed between SNc volume and time to onset, CAG repeats, clinical severity scores, and NfL.ConclusionsNeuromelanin‐sensitive imaging provides biomarkers of nigral degeneration in SCAs, detectable from the preataxic stage in SCA2, which could potentially serve as outcome measures in clinical trials.
Clot signature in patients with large vessel occlusion stroke and concomitant active cancer
Authors: Woock Malin , Rossi Rosanna , Jabrah Duaa , Douglas Andrew , Redfors Petra , Nordanstig Annika , Tatlisumak Turgut , Ceder Erik , Dunker Dennis , Carlqvist Jeanette , Szikora István , Tsivgoulis Georgios , Psychogios Klearchos , Magoufis Georgios , Rentzos Alexandros , Doyle Karen M. , Jood Katarina 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackground and PurposePatients with active cancer face an increased risk of ischemic stroke. Also, stroke may be an initial indicator of cancer. In patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO) stroke treated with thrombectomy, analysis of the clot composition may contribute new insights into the pathological connections between these two conditions.MethodsWe compared the content of 64 consecutively retrieved clots from LVO stroke patients with concomitant active cancer and 64 clots from matched‐control LVO stroke patients without a history of cancer. Clots were analyzed with respect to histological composition by Martius Scarlet Blue, von Willebrand factor (vWF), citrullinated histone H3 (H3Cit, a biomarker of NETS), CD42b, and CD3 expression by immunohistochemistry. Orbit Image Analysis was used for quantification. Differences between groups were tested using the Mann–Whitney U‐test and Chi‐square Test.ResultsClots from patients with concomitant cancer had a significantly higher content of vWF (median 26 [IQR13‐38]% vs. 10 [4–18]%, p < 0.0001) and H3Cit (median 0.11 [IQR0.02–0.46]% vs. 0.05 [0.00–0.28]% p = 0.027) than controls. The presence of collagen >1% within the retrieved clots was highly indicative of cancer, occurring in 16/64 with active cancer and in 3/64 controls, p = 0.002. After correction for multiple comparisons, the statistical significance for H3Cit was lost. Red and white blood cells, platelets, fibrin, and expression of CD3 and CD42b did not differ between the groups.ConclusionsClots from LVO patients with concomitant active cancer possess distinct characteristics, indicating an influence of cancer on the innate immune system, fibroblasts, and the vascular endothelium in the formation of LVO clots.
Predicting Climate Mitigation Through Carbon Burial in Blue Carbon Ecosystems—Challenges and Pitfalls
Authors: Kristensen Erik , Flindt Mogens R. , Quintana Cintia O. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe concept of “blue carbon” is, in this study, critically evaluated with respect to its definitions, measuring approaches, and time scales. Blue carbon deposited in ocean sediments can only counteract anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions if stored on a long‐term basis. The focus here is on the coastal blue carbon ecosystems (BCEs), mangrove forests, saltmarshes, and seagrass meadows due to their high primary production and large carbon stocks. Blue carbon sequestration in BCEs is typically estimated using either: 1. sediment carbon inventories combined with accretion rates or 2. carbon mass balance between input to and output from the sediment. The inventory approach is compromised by a lack of accurate accretion estimates over extended time periods. Hence, short‐term sedimentation assays cannot be reliably extrapolated to long timescales. The use of long‐term tracers like 210Pb, on the other hand, is invalid in most BCEs due to sediment mobility by bioturbation and other physical disturbances. While the mass balance approach provides reasonable short‐term (months) estimates, it often fails when extrapolated over longer time periods (> 100 years) due to climatic variations. Furthermore, many published budgets based on mass balance do not include all relevant carbon sources and sinks. Simulations of long‐term decomposition of mangrove, saltmarsh (Spartina sp.), and eelgrass (Zostera sp.) litter using a 3‐G exponential model indicate that current estimates of carbon sequestration based on the inventory and mass balance approaches are 3–18 times too high. Most published estimates of carbon sequestration in BCEs must therefore be considered overestimates. The climate mitigation potential of blue carbon in BCEs is also challenged by excess emissions of the GHG methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) from biogenic structures in mangrove forests and saltmarsh sediments. Thus, in many cases, carbon sequestration into BCE sediments cannot keep pace with the simultaneous GHG emissions in CO2 equivalents.
Investigation of brain volume changes associated with aging: Results from the fourth research on osteoarthritis/osteoporosis against disability survey
Authors: Nakajima Koji , Ogawa Akitoshi , Kodama Hiroyasu , Shirokoshi Tomohiko , Osada Takahiro , Konishi Seiki , Horii Chiaki , Oshima Yasushi , Iidaka Toshiko , Muraki Shigeyuki , Oka Hiroyuki , Kawaguchi Hiroshi , Akune Toru , Hashizume Hiroshi , Yamada Hiroshi , Yoshida Munehito , Nakamura Kozo , Shojima Masaaki , Tanaka Sakae , Yoshimura Noriko 
Published: January 2025

AimThis study aims to investigate the impact of aging on brain volume among community residents in Japan, focusing on trends over time and specific brain structures.MethodsWe analyzed data from the fourth survey (2015–2016) of the Research on Osteoarthritis/Osteoporosis Against Disability project, encompassing 2146 community residents from Japan's mountainous and coastal regions. A total of 1755 participants (81.8% of the baseline population) underwent extensive data collection including lifestyle and health questionnaires, anthropometric measurements and brain magnetic resonance imaging. The imaging data were processed to examine correlations between total brain volume, gray matter volume (GMV), white matter volume (WMV), cerebrospinal fluid volume and participant age.ResultsAnalysis showed significant sex differences in total brain volume, with GMV demonstrating a strong negative correlation with age – more pronounced than the moderate negative correlation seen in WMV. Cerebrospinal fluid volume exhibited a strong positive correlation with age. Notably, specific brain regions such as the bilateral amygdala, hippocampus, thalamus and primary motor cortex showed significant age‐related volume reductions.ConclusionThis study confirms that GMV and WMV are smaller in older individuals in the Japanese population, with more pronounced differences in GMV. The amygdala, hippocampus, thalamus and primary motor cortex were particularly affected. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2025; 25: 279–286.
Neural correlates of age‐related hearing loss: An MRI and FDG‐PET study
Authors: Sakurai Ryota , Kim Yuri , Nishinakagawa Maki , Hinakura Keigo , Fujiwara Yoshinori , Ishii Kenji 
Published: January 2025

AimAge‐related hearing loss (ARHL) is a common problem among older adults and contributes to adverse health outcomes such as cognitive impairment. However, the neural mechanisms underlying ARHL remain unclear. We aimed to reveal the structural and metabolic (i.e., neural activity) correlates of ARHL using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography with 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG‐PET).MethodsA total of 162 community‐dwelling older adults without cerebral disorders or cognitive impairment (Mini‐Mental State Examination score < 24) were included in this study. Auditory acuity was measured using a pure‐tone average (PTA) of hearing thresholds for the better‐hearing ear for 0.5–4‐kHz tones. ARHL was defined as a PTA of >40 dB (i.e., greater than moderate hearing loss). The participants then underwent MRI and FDG‐PET at rest to assess changes in brain structure and activity associated with ARHL.ResultsAmong the 162 participants, 27 (16.6%) had ARHL. A region‐of‐interest analysis focusing on the bilateral superior temporal gyrus showed significantly lower glucose metabolism in this region, including in the auditory cortex (BA 41 and 42), in participants with ARHL than in those without ARHL. In contrast, no significant structural differences were observed between the groups.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that, prior to structural changes, the effects of ARHL may manifest in neural activity, which is strongly reflected in the regions involved in auditory processing. It is possible that ARHL first alters neural activity in auditory‐related regions owing to reduced auditory stimulation. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2025; 25: 300–306.
The long‐term effects of a school‐based intervention on preventing childhood overweight: Propensity score matching analysis within the Generation R Study cohort
Authors: Mölenberg Famke J. M. , Smit Michel S. , Nieboer Daan , Voortman Trudy , Jansen Wilma 
Published: January 2025

SummaryBackgroundThis study investigated the long‐term impact of the primary school‐based multicomponent lifestyle intervention “Lekker Fit!” (LF) on obesity‐related outcomes, and studied whether the impact differed between population subgroups.MethodsChildren from the Generation R Study (Rotterdam, the Netherlands) were categorized into the LF group (6 years exposure, between the ages 6/7 to 12/13 years) or regular school group (no exposure). BMI and DXA‐derived fat mass were assessed after 4 years of intervention (age 10 years), and 1.5 years post‐intervention (age 14 years). A propensity score matching model was fitted to examine the intervention effect on BMI‐z‐score and percent fat mass, and we tested for differences by sex, pre‐intervention weight status, ethnic background, and income.ResultsWe found no effect on BMI‐z‐score [0.06 (95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.04 to 0.17)] and percent fat mass (0.4%‐point [95% CI: −0.2 to 1.1]) after 4 years of intervention. 1.5 years post‐intervention and after 6 years of exposure, BMI‐z‐score (0.11 [95% CI: 0.00–0.22]) and percent fat mass (1.1%‐point [95% CI: 0.2–1.9]) were significantly higher for children in the LF group. No subgroup differences were found.ConclusionFindings suggest the need for obesity prevention programs that extend beyond primary education.
Rotors Wind Wall Enabled Microclimate Engineering for Enhanced Rice Leaf Morphometrics Traits, Yield and Agronomic Performance
Authors: Imran  , Ke Liang , Dong Liu , Li HuiFen , Li Jiyu 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAn exploratory investigation into the effects of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) airflow on microclimate engineering in rice cultivation reveals novel insights, with a specific emphasis on wind temperature and velocity dynamics during critical growth stages. This research highlights diurnal fluctuations in wind temperature and speed during the critical rice growth stages (heading, panicle and flowering). ‘Results revealed that wind wall running or UAV flying in the morning (9:00 am) produces a stable temperature of 29.31°C (σ = 0.26017) supported pollination during the heading stage’. However, by noon, increased variability caused a slight temperature drop to 29.11°C (σ = 0.26749), raising the risk of heat stress. Afternoon temperatures remained steady at 29.18°C but exhibited the highest variability (σ = 0.27663), signalling potential microclimate disruptions that could reduce grain yield. ‘Wind‐speeds followed a clear diurnal pattern, rising by 33.33% from morning (1.2 m s−1) to noon (1.6 m s−1) and dropping by 37.5% in the afternoon’. ‘This emphasizes the importance of precise UAV operation timing, aligning rotor schedules with natural wind dynamics to achieve an 18.2% increase in crop yield and 25.8% reduction in thermal stress’. Microclimate mapping revealed significant diurnal fluctuations in wind temperature and speed, particularly around noon and afternoon, posing risks of heat and mechanical stress. During the heading stage, temperatures increased by 0.86% from morning (29.15°C) to noon (29.45°C), while wind‐speeds at noon peaked at 2.0–2.5 m s−1, a 100%–150% rise from morning levels. While this improved air circulation, it also introduced the risk of mechanical stress during critical pollination periods. During the heading stage, leaf shape index (LSI) remained stable with minor fluctuations (3.27–3.29), but during the panicle stage, LSI rose by 44% from morning (2.08) to noon (3.01), and then dropped by 31% in the afternoon (2.06). At the flowering stage, LSI remained steady at 3.01–3.02. Leaf number plant−1 increased by 6.5% during the panicle stage, while leaf length grew by 16% at the flowering stage, highlighting the positive impact of microclimate‐engineering by UAV airflow on rice growth. Leaf water content surged by 65% during the heading stage, from morning (0.40) to noon (0.66). Specific Leaf Area (SLA) was most sensitive during the panicle stage, peaking at 211.13 cm2 g−1 at noon, an 81.4% increase. UAV rotor airflow significantly improves microclimatic conditions during panicle and flowering stages, benefiting crop growth. Further investigation is needed to explore optimal UAV applications and understand interactions between UAV airflow, crop varieties and environmental factors.
TPD52 as a Therapeutic Target Identified by Machine Learning Shapes the Immune Microenvironment in Breast Cancer
Authors: Xia Jie , Zhou Xudong 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBreast cancer (BRCA) is one of the most common malignancies and a leading cause of cancer‐related mortality among women globally. Despite advances in diagnosis and treatment, the heterogeneity of BRCA presents significant challenges for effective management and prognosis. Recent studies emphasise the critical role of the tumour microenvironment, particularly immune cells, in influencing tumour behaviour and patient outcomes. This study uses machine learning–based methodologies to investigate the role of tumour protein D52 (TPD52) as a pivotal immune regulator in BRCA. We employed single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) to characterise the immune landscape of breast tumours and identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with TPD52. Our findings indicate that TPD52 may modulate immune cell infiltration and the tumour immune landscape, impacting tumour aggression and patient survival. Furthermore, we performed in vitro validation to elucidate the functional implications of TPD52. By integrating computational analysis with experimental validation, this research highlights TPD52's potential as a biomarker for therapeutic intervention and provides insights into its role in immune regulation within the BRCA microenvironment.
Association of Gingival Thickness With Incisor Morphological Characteristics and Papilla Height: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Koukos G. , Kyriakou E. , Malamoudi G. A. , Wierichs R. J. , Pandis N. , Kloukos D. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe aim of the current study was to examine possible associations between gingival thickness and other parameters, such as crown length and width, papilla height and patient's age and gender.OverviewThis cross‐sectional study included 238 consecutive white Caucasian consecutive patients in all stages of orthodontic treatment (before, in‐course, and after orthodontic treatment). Measurements of gingival thickness were carried out at both central mandibular incisors, mid‐facially on the buccal aspect of each tooth, and 2 mm apically to the free gingival margin, with an Ultrasound device. Each patient was scanned with an intraoral 3D scanner before gingival thickness evaluation, where papilla height, and central mandibular and maxillary incisor crown length and width were measured.ConclusionsSignificant (positive) association between gingiva thickness and patient's age and gender were found, with thicker gingiva being observed in older individuals and males. However, no significant association were found between gingival thickness and crown length, crown width, or papilla height.Clinical SignificanceVariations in soft and hard tissue architecture significantly impact the long‐term aesthetic outcomes of periodontal therapy, prosthetic and implant restorations, and root coverage treatments. Accurately assessing gingival biotype phenotype during treatment planning is critical to prevent complications, particularly in aesthetically sensitive areas.
Peri‐implant tissue definition and registration with a 3D‐printed emergence profile former on titanium stock healing abutment: A dental technique and clinical report
Authors: Azpiazu‐Flores Francisco X. , Siyootagrai Tisama , Elfana Ahmed , Yang Chao‐Chieh , Morton Dean , Lin Wei‐Shao 
Published: January 2025

AbstractRecent focus has shifted toward refining the soft tissue emergence profile to enhance aesthetics, support peri‐implant health, and ensure long‐term success. Traditionally, titanium stock healing abutments or chairside‐customized abutments were used to shape peri‐implant tissues and develop the emergence profile for implant‐supported prostheses. However, advancements in digital dentistry now allow for more precise customization and increased treatment efficiency. This case report introduces a novel approach to shape the peri‐implant tissues using a 3D‐printed emergence profile former retained by a titanium stock healing abutment. The 3D‐printed emergence profile former reduced chairside time and simplified registering the gingival tissue contours and implant position with an intraoral scanner. Following removal, the peri‐implant soft tissues displayed enhanced volume buccally, creating an aesthetically pleasing restoration in a site with a notable horizontal tissue deficiency.
What cancers explain the growing rural‐urban gap in human papillomavirus‐associated cancer incidence?
Authors: Semprini Jason , Zahnd Whitney , Brandt Heather M. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPurposeHuman papillomavirus (HPV) can cause cancers of the genital system, anus/rectum, and oropharynx. Prior research showed that HPV‐associated cancer incidence was rising faster in nonmetro than in metro populations. Our study identified which cancers contributed to the widening disparity.MethodsRepresenting ∼93% of all cancers in the United States, we analyzed data from the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries (2000‐2019). Restricting the analysis to HPV‐associated cancers, we compared 5‐year average age‐adjusted incidence rates (per 100,000 population) for nonmetropolitan (Rural‐Urban Continuum Codes 4‐9) and metropolitan populations, by sex and cancer site. To quantify the rural‐urban gap, we calculated rate ratios and absolute differences of incidence trends.ResultsAlthough incidence was similar in 2000‐2004 (nonmetropolitan = 9.9; metropolitan = 9.9), incidence in 2015‐2019 was significantly higher in nonmetropolitan (12.3) than metropolitan (11.1) populations. The gap was widest for cervical cancers (females) in 2015‐2019 (1.0 case per 100,000) but grew the most since 2000‐2004 in oropharyngeal cancers among males (+1.1 cases per 100,000). The nonmetropolitan rate ratios for females (RR = 1.15, 95% C.I. = 1.13, 1.17) and males (RR = 1.07, 95% C.I. = 1.05, 1.09) in 2015‐2019 were higher than the respective RRs for all other years. Since 2000, the nonmetropolitan disparity has significantly grown for anal and cervical cancers in females, and oropharyngeal cancers in both sexes.DiscussionAlthough preventable, nonmetropolitan Americans have shouldered a growing burden of HPV‐associated cancers. To address these cervical, anal, and oropharyngeal cancer disparities, it is imperative that HPV vaccination programs are effectively implemented at scale.
Future Climate Change Scenarios of Increased CO2 and Temperature Strongly Affect a Coral Reef Meiobenthic Harpacticoid (Crustacea) Community
Authors: Sarmento Visnu Cunha , Pinheiro Bárbara Ramos , Montes Manuel Jesus Flores , Esteves André Morgado , Santos Paulo Jorge Parreira 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTSmall metazoans, especially harpacticoid copepods, are an important component in the benthic food webs of benthic environments. However, studies on the effects of elevated CO2 and temperature on these animals are scarce and those that do exist focus mainly on the individual species level. A laboratory experiment was conducted to evaluate the impact of different climate change scenarios on a community of harpacticoid copepods from a coral reef environment. Samples were collected from the coral reef subtidal zone of Serrambi beach (Ipojuca, Pernambuco, Brazil), using colonized artificial substrate units. The units were exposed to control treatments and to three climate change scenarios and were collected after 14 and 29 days. A highly diverse community of harpacticoids was analyzed [H′(log2) = 4.37]. Changes in the community structure were observed, and the response of the copepod community structure to the different scenarios varied according to the sampling period. The maintenance of a highly diverse community enabled a complex pattern of responses to be observed at a species level with three different response patterns to the changing seawater conditions: sensitive species represented by Tisbe sp., Stenhelia sp. and Ameira sp.; mildly sensitive represented by Cyclopoida and Dactylopusia sp.; resistant or opportunist represented by Ectinosoma sp.1, Ectinosoma sp.2 and Mesochra sp. The increase in malformed adult animals in the most severe scenario indicated that species that do not suffer mortality are not exempt from sublethal symptoms. Harpacticoid organisms are shown as reliable tools to assess climate change in coral reef environments.