bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trial of cytotoxic T cell induction in mice as an ex vivo model of paraneoplastic neurologic syndrome with anti‐Hu antibodies
Authors: Tanaka Keiko , Tani Takashi , Ogawa Katsuhiko , Kinoshita Masako , Tanaka Masami 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe pathogenesis of neuronal damage in anti‐Hu‐antibody‐positive paraneoplastic neurologic syndrome (Hu‐PNS) is thought to be mediated by cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL). However, there is no direct evidence showing that antigen‐specific T cells are the effector against neurons. Antigen‐specific CTL‐mediated cell death has been observed in cancer immunology, but not as a neurological disease model. The CTL‐mediated etiology in PNS should be confirmed using in vivo model systems in the future. Herein, we present an ex vivo model of antigen‐specific CTL against cultured neurons. A previous study showed the CTL activity of CD8+ T cells taken from the peripheral blood of patients with Hu‐antibody‐positive PNS against Hu‐protein‐derived‐peptide‐expressing autologous fibroblasts. Results revealed that the HuD peptide, which can bind to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I of Balb/c mice, stimulated CD8+ T cells collected from mice immunized with peptide‐bound self‐activated dendritic cells with murine CD40 ligand‐transduced adenovirus vectors (AdmCD40L). Moreover, CTL activity against autologous neurons in culture was observed. Hence, this result could be used in the development of an in vivo model of CTL‐induced neurological disorders, which can help in further understanding the pathogenesis of PNS.
Hand hygiene and hand eczema: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Loh Enver De Wei , Yew Yik Weng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHand eczema is a common inflammatory condition of the skin that has been linked to hand hygiene. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aims to determine the risks of hand eczema associated with hand hygiene, including frequency of hand washing, wet work and use of alcohol hand rub. A comprehensive search of MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Library was performed for cohort, case–control or cross‐sectional studies that analysed the association between hand hygiene and risk of hand eczema. Results of individual studies were presented in respective forest plots and pooled summary relative risks were estimated using a random‐effects model. Forty‐five studies were included in the analysis. Hand washing at least 8–10 times daily significantly increased risk of hand eczema (relative risk [RR] 1.51; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.35–1.68;p < 0.001). The risk was related to hand washing frequency, with higher pooled RR of 1.66 (95% CI: 1.51–1.83;p < 0.001) with increased hand washing at least 15–20 times daily. However, use of alcohol‐based hand sanitizer was not significantly associated with risk of hand eczema. Given the widespread implementation of hand hygiene practices during the COVID‐19 pandemic, there is a pertinent need to understand skin care habits specific to the hands to avoid a greater incidence of hand eczema.
A standardized stepwise approach to minimally invasive ileocolic anastomosis: Tips and tricks for laparoscopic and robotic surgery
Authors: Solís‐Peña Alejandro , Cirera Arturo , Kraft Carré Miquel , Pellino Gianluca , Espín‐Basany Eloy 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimIntracorporeal anastomosis has been associated with earlier recovery of postoperative bowel function, shorter length of stay and lower surgical site infection rates. The aim of this work is to describe a step‐by‐step standardized technique for intracorporeal ileocolic and ileosigmoid anastomosis suitable for laparoscopic and robotic colectomy.MethodEach step of the technique is illustrated using a composite collection of three operative patient videos. Two procedures were performed robotically and one was laparoscopic. Tips are provided to construct a two‐layer anastomosis (both posteriorly and anteriorly). The procedures are presented in stepwise fashion, discussing the advantages and feasibility of the technique.ResultsThe standardized technique described herein was used in three patients for this report, of whom two underwent right colectomy and one subtotal colectomy for cancer. The median operating time was 255 (206–333) min. There were no intraoperative complications. No major postoperative complications or 30‐day readmissions occurred. The median length of stay was 4 (3–5) days.ConclusionThe described technique of a two‐layer anastomosis can be used with any available minimally invasive approach. It is safe and feasible. Using a standardized approach, the technique can be easily taught and mastered, optimizing operating times and reducing adverse events.
The pharmacokinetics of oral trazpiroben (TAK‐906) after organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1/1B3 inhibition: A phase I, randomized study
Authors: Mukker Jatinder K. , Dukes George , Tolkoff Max , Wang Lisi , Almansa Cristina , Huh Susanna Y. , Nishihara Mitsuhiro , Ramsden Diane , Chen Chunlin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTrazpiroben is a dopamine D2/D3 receptor antagonist under development for the treatment of gastroparesis. This phase I, open‐label, randomized, two‐way crossover study (NCT04121078) evaluated the effect of single‐dose intravenous rifampin, a potent inhibitor of the organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs) 1B1 and 1B3, on the pharmacokinetics and safety of trazpiroben in healthy adults. The utility of coproporphyrin (CP) I and CPIII as biomarkers of OATP inhibition was also assessed. Overall, 12 participants were enrolled and randomized (1:1) into one of two treatment sequences (AB and BA). Participants received either a single oral dose of trazpiroben 25 mg (treatment A) or a single oral dose of trazpiroben 25 mg immediately after a single 30‐min intravenous infusion of rifampin 600 mg (treatment B). After a washout period of at least 7 days, participants received the other treatment. Geometric mean area under the curve from time 0 extrapolated to infinity (AUC∞) and maximum serum concentration (Cmax) of plasma trazpiroben were higher in participants receiving treatment B than those receiving treatment A (AUC∞, 168.5 vs. 32.68 ng*h/ml; Cmax, 89.62 vs. 14.37 ng/ml); corresponding geometric mean ratios (90% confidence interval) showed 5.16 (4.25–6.25) and 6.24 (4.62–8.42)‐fold increases in these parameters, respectively. In this study, trazpiroben was confirmed as a substrate of OATP1B1/1B3, and therefore co‐administration of trazpiroben with moderate to strong inhibitors of OATP1B1/1B3 is not recommended. This is also the first assessment of the utility of CPI and CPIII as endogenous biomarkers of OATP1B1/1B3 inhibition after a single intravenous dose of rifampin.
Illegal abortion and reproductive injustice in the Pacific Islands: A qualitative analysis of court data
Authors: Burry Kate , Beek Kristen , Vallely Lisa , Worth Heather , Haire Bridget 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe Oceania region is home to some of the world's most restrictive abortion laws, and there is evidence of Pacific Island women's reproductive oppression across several aspects of their reproductive lives, including in relation to contraceptive decision‐making, birthing, and fertility. In this paper we analyse documents from court cases in the Pacific Islands regarding the illegal procurement of abortion. We undertook inductive thematic analysis of documents from eighteen illegal abortion court cases from Pacific Island countries.Using the lens of reproductive justice, we discuss the methods of abortion, the reported context of these abortions, and the ways in which these women and abortion were constructed in judges' summing up, judgements, or sentencing. Our analysis of these cases reveals layers of sexual and reproductive oppression experienced by these women that are related to colonialism, women's socioeconomic disadvantage, gendered violence, limited reproductive control, and the punitive consequences related to not performing gender appropriately.
Sexual dysfunction in women with type 1 diabetes in Norway: A qualitative study of women’s experiences
Authors: Buskoven Maren E. H. , Kjørholt Eir K. H. , Strandberg Ragnhild B. , Søfteland Eirik , Haugstvedt Anne 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to explore the experiences of sexual health and sexual challenges in women with type 1 diabetes (T1D).MethodsWe used a qualitative study design and conducted semistructured interviews with 15 women (26–57 years) with T1D. The participants were recruited based on their Female Sexual Function Index score that indicated sexual dysfunction. We used thematic analysis to analyse the data.ResultsWe generated three themes, each with subthemes: (1) Diabetes is present at all times (subthemes: having diabetes is onerous, and diabetes affects the relationship with my partner); (2) various challenges related to sexual health (subthemes: experiencing reduced sexual desire and physical challenges, and challenges related to sexual health affect the relationship with my partner); and (3) diabetes may affect sexual function (subthemes: glucose levels and technical devices may have an impact on sexual function, and sexual health should be addressed in diabetes follow‐up).ConclusionsThe women with T1D experienced different challenges related to their sexual health. The most common were reduced sexual desire, vaginal dryness and pain during intercourse. The study emphasizes the importance of addressing sexual health in diabetes follow‐up to provide comprehensive health services to people with diabetes.
Endogenous expropriation and political competition
Authors: Le Thanh , Yalcin Erkan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe develop a game‐theoretical model in which the politicians can be influenced by means of campaign contributions of special interest groups. If there is no legally binding contract, politicians have a proclivity to divert some contributions for private use. In doing so, they maximize their own utility which depends on expected election‐winning premium and amount of funds misappropriated. We study the utility maximizing fraction of expropriation emerging from the equilibrium policy platform and the associated contribution level. We then compare results under alternative scenarios, namely, one single lobby group versus multiple lobby groups and one‐sided lobbying versus two‐sided lobbying.
Understanding children's attention to traumatic dental injuries using eye‐tracking
Authors: Cho Vanessa Y , Hsiao Janet H , Chan Antoni B , Ngo Hien C , King Nigel M , Anthonappa Robert P 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground/AimTraumatic dental injuries (TDIs) in the primary dentition may result in tooth discolouration and fractures. The aim of this child‐centred study was to explore the differences between preschool children's eye movement patterns and visual attention to typical outcomes following TDIs to primary teeth.Materials and MethodsAn eye‐tracker recorded 155 healthy preschool children's eye movements when they viewed clinical images of healthy teeth, tooth fractures and discolourations. The visual search pattern was analysed using the eye movement analysis with the Hidden Markov Models (EMHMM) approach and preference for the various regions of interest (ROIs).ResultsTwo different eye movement patterns (distributed and selective) were identified (p < .05). Children with the distributed pattern shifted their fixations between the presented images, while those with the selective pattern remained focused on the same image they first saw.ConclusionsPreschool children noticed teeth. However, most of them did not have an attentional bias, implying that they did not interpret these TDI outcomes negatively. Only a few children avoided looking at images with TDIs indicating a potential negative impact. The EMHMM approach is appropriate for assessing inter‐individual differences in children's visual attention to TDI outcomes.
Long‐term minnow community trait shifts and metacommunity dynamics in a geomorphically unstable river
Authors: Stearman Loren W. , Schaefer Jacob F. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEcological disturbances may affect both habitat connectivity and heterogeneity, changing the dominant metacommunity processes affecting local communities. Altered fluvial sediment dynamics in rivers experiencing headcutting and accelerated erosion may foster morphologically unstable reaches in which supplies of habitat‐forming materials are spatially and temporally unpredictable. We hypothesise such environments will select for species with traits which promote dispersal or rapid resource use. We tested this hypothesis using historical and recent datasets from a biologically and functionally diverse taxonomical group, minnows (Leuciscidae and Cyprinidae) in the Bayou Pierre, Mississippi. Local communities decreased in both α and β‐diversity over time. Spatial autocorrelation of communities was consistently high through time, and more strongly related to regional community structure than local habitat variables in contemporary data. Communities shifted towards species with larger body sizes, less parental care, shorter age at maturity and higher fecundity. Communities also shifted towards more generalist species with lower potential trophic positions, and keystone species declined. Our data support the hypothesis of community‐level shifts towards species with dispersal trait syndromes and opportunistic resource utilisation. These shifts have led to a decrease in ecological complexity and overall homogenisation of minnow communities in the geomorphically evolving Bayou Pierre mainstem. The Bayou Pierre presents a unique window into ecological dynamics in a watershed characterised by altered sediment dynamics and sediment loss, in contrast to the large body of literature examining systems with increased sedimentation. These insights demonstrate the importance of studying the full range of fluvial sediment dynamics, including how broader processes of loss and transport may affect long‐term habitat stability, persistent trait syndromes and metacommunity dynamics.
Net plant interactions are highly variable and weakly dependent on climate at the global scale
Authors: Yang Xuejun , Gómez‐Aparicio Lorena , Lortie Christopher J. , Verdú Miguel , Cavieres Lohengrin A. , Huang Zhenying , Gao Ruiru , Liu Rong , Zhao Yonglan , Cornelissen Johannes H. C. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAlthough plant–plant interactions (i.e. competition and facilitation) have long been recognised as key drivers of plant community composition and dynamics, their global patterns and relationships with climate have remained unclear. Here, we assembled a global database of 10,502 pairs of empirical data from the literature to address the patterns of and climatic effects on the net outcome of plant interactions in natural communities. We found that plant interactions varied among plant performance indicators, interaction types and biomes, yet competition occurred more frequently than facilitation in plant communities worldwide. Unexpectedly, plant interactions showed weak latitudinal pattern and were weakly related to climate. Our study provides a global comprehensive overview of plant interactions, highlighting competition as a fundamental mechanism structuring plant communities worldwide. We suggest that further investigations should focus more on local factors (e.g. microclimate, soil and disturbance) than on macroclimate to identify key environmental determinants of interactions in plant communities.
Globally, tree fecundity exceeds productivity gradients
Authors: Journé Valentin , Andrus Robert , Aravena Marie‐Claire , Ascoli Davide , Berretti Roberta , Berveiller Daniel , Bogdziewicz Michal , Boivin Thomas , Bonal Raul , Caignard Thomas , Calama Rafael , Camarero Jesús Julio , Chang‐Yang Chia‐Hao , Courbaud Benoit , Courbet Francois , Curt Thomas , Das Adrian J. , Daskalakou Evangelia , Davi Hendrik , Delpierre Nicolas , Delzon Sylvain , Dietze Michael , Donoso Calderon Sergio , Dormont Laurent , Maria Espelta Josep , Fahey Timothy J. , Farfan‐Rios William , Gehring Catherine A. , Gilbert Gregory S. , Gratzer Georg , Greenberg Cathryn H. , Guo Qinfeng , Hacket‐Pain Andrew , Hampe Arndt , Han Qingmin , Lambers Janneke Hille Ris , Hoshizaki Kazuhiko , Ibanez Ines , Johnstone Jill F. , Kabeya Daisuke , Kays Roland , Kitzberger Thomas , Knops Johannes M. H. , Kobe Richard K. , Kunstler Georges , Lageard Jonathan G. A. , LaMontagne Jalene M. , Leininger Theodor , Limousin Jean‐Marc , Lutz James A. , Macias Diana , McIntire Eliot J. B. , Moore Christopher M. , Moran Emily , Motta Renzo , Myers Jonathan A. , Nagel Thomas A. , Noguchi Kyotaro , Ourcival Jean‐Marc , Parmenter Robert , Pearse Ian S. , Perez‐Ramos Ignacio M. , Piechnik Lukasz , Poulsen John , Poulton‐Kamakura Renata , Qiu Tong , Redmond Miranda D. , Reid Chantal D. , Rodman Kyle C. , Rodriguez‐Sanchez Francisco , Sanguinetti Javier D. , Scher C. Lane , Marle Harald Schmidt Van , Seget Barbara , Sharma Shubhi , Silman Miles , Steele Michael A. , Stephenson Nathan L. , Straub Jacob N. , Swenson Jennifer J. , Swift Margaret , Thomas Peter A. , Uriarte Maria , Vacchiano Giorgio , Veblen Thomas T. , Whipple Amy V. , Whitham Thomas G. , Wright Boyd , Wright S. Joseph , Zhu Kai , Zimmerman Jess K. , Zlotin Roman , Zywiec Magdalena , Clark James S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLack of tree fecundity data across climatic gradients precludes the analysis of how seed supply contributes to global variation in forest regeneration and biotic interactions responsible for biodiversity. A global synthesis of raw seedproduction data shows a 250‐fold increase in seed abundance from cold‐dry to warm‐wet climates, driven primarily by a 100‐fold increase in seed production for a given tree size. The modest (threefold) increase in forest productivity across the same climate gradient cannot explain the magnitudes of these trends. The increase in seeds per tree can arise from adaptive evolution driven by intense species interactions or from the direct effects of a warm, moist climate on tree fecundity. Either way, the massive differences in seed supply ramify through food webs potentially explaining a disproportionate role for species interactions in the wet tropics.
Iatrogenic pneumothorax‐induced heart murmur during standing laparoscopy in a 3‐year‐old horse
Authors: Fernández‐Parra Rocio , Losada‐Floriano Andres , Zilberstein Luca , Bourzac Celine 
Published: April 2022

SummaryA 3‐year‐old Selle Français entire male presented to the Clinique Equine, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, for standing laparoscopic closure of the inguinal rings, to prevent recurrence of a strangulated inguinal hernia. An incidental, iatrogenic pneumothorax was induced during the procedure. Just after the pneumothorax occurred, a heart murmur, not present during the preoperative physical examination, could be auscultated. Relevant echocardiographic examination could not be achieved, due to the air in the thorax. Upon complete resolution of the pneumothorax 2 days later, however, the heart murmur resolved, and no abnormal changes were diagnosed on echocardiographic evaluation. This paper reports the diagnosis and clinical management of an iatrogenic pneumothorax and its associated transient heart murmur.
Boundary issues in the experience of grandparenting a preterm grandchild
Authors: Zafrir Priel Ayelet , Possick Chaya , Even‐Zohar Ahuva 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study is to examine the experience of grandparenting a preterm grandchild up to first year after the birth, in the Israeli context.BackgroundThe birth of a preterm infant has an impact on the entire family, including grandparents. Although preterm birth is very common, thus far, there are only a few published studies about grandparents of premature infants.MethodThe study was designed and conducted according to the Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis method. In‐depth semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 13 grandparents ages 54–72 years.ResultsResults indicated that the issue of boundaries was the core category and yielded three subthemes: (1) internal boundaries—our experience or internalized prematurity, (2) interpersonal boundaries—my grandchild and me, and (3) external boundaries between the medical facility and the grandparents—the omnipotent NICU (neonatal intensive care unit).ConclusionsThe current research demonstrates the importance of focusing on grandparents of premature infants as individuals in need of support, as well as an important resource for the immediate family of the baby.ImplicationsThis should be taken into consideration in visiting policies and delivery of psychosocial services in NICUs.
Characterisation of the crack tip plastic zone in fatigue via synchrotron X‐ray diffraction
Authors: Carrera Manuel , Cruces Alejandro S. , Kelleher Joseph F. , Tai Yee‐Han , Yates John R. , Withers Philip J. , Lopez‐Crespo Pablo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper describes a new methodology for characterising the plastic zone ahead of a fatigue crack. This methodology is applied to a set of experimental data obtained by synchrotron X‐ray diffraction on a bainitic steel compact tension specimen. The methodology is based on generating the equivalent Von Mises strain field from the X‐ray experimental elastic strain maps. Based on the material response, a threshold is then applied on the equivalent strain maps to identify the size and shape of the plastic zone. The experimental plastic zone lies between the plane strain and plane stress Westergaard's bounds but closer to the plane strain theoretical prediction confirming that the volume analyzed is predominantly subjected to plane strain conditions. However, the observed plastic zone has a somewhat flatter shape, extending further from the crack plane but less extended in the crack growing direction.
Environmental spawning cues of the temperate freshwater Murray Cod (Maccullochella peelii) in a changing climate
Authors: Ingram Brett A. , Gooley Geoff J. , Giri Khageswor 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSpawning patterns in fish that use temperature as a spawning cue are responding to long‐term changes in the climate. The threatened Murray Cod, Maccullochella peelii (Mitchell), is an important apex species in inland south‐eastern Australia. Information from 1461 spawnings collected from hatcheries over 40 years was combined with environmental, meteorological, and astronomical data to (1) identify factors affecting spawning and (2) detect changes in spawning associated with climate change. The spawning season extended over four months, from late‐August at low latitudes to mid‐January at high latitudes, but locally lasted 1–2 months. Spawning events were preceded by an increase in temperature in the days leading up to spawning, whereas a decline in temperature inhibited spawning. In the Murray‐Darling River basin, the spawning season of Murray Cod began earlier and shortened in duration inversely with the mean spring temperature anomaly. Spawning is predicted to occur up to 4 weeks earlier by 2090 in response to future temperature projections in the Murray‐Darling River basin. Since climate change is affecting aquatic environments globally, findings from this study have implications to the long‐term management of temperate freshwater species that are the subject of regulations aimed to protect fish during the spawning season.