bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating Gender Differences in Canadian Plastic Surgery Online Patient Education
Authors: Chawla Sahil , Mazhar Leena , Ding Jeffrey , Faheem Sarim , Haq Ahmed Farhan , Khosa Faisal 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
The public interest and demand for cosmetic surgery is growing in North America. As practices continue to advertise cosmetic procedures, male consumers must also be given fair consideration in a market targeted mostly towards women.

Objectives
This study investigated the advertising trends of plastic surgery clinics to assess for prevailing gender differences among online Canadian plastic surgery practice advertising.

Methods
The 2021 College of Physicians and Surgeons directory for each province and territory was utilized to identify all practicing plastic surgeons. A systematic search with Google (Mountain View, CA) was conducted to analyze the websites of Canadian plastic surgery centers in the following manner: “[physician name] [province of practice].”

Results
A total of 209 websites and 13,838 images were identified and analyzed. Of these images, 12,386 (90%) were female and 1452 (10%) were male patients or models. Although only 20% had a male services page, 62% of all centers offered gynecomastia procedures. The most common procedures targeting men were blepharoplasty (95%), liposuction (93%), and abdominoplasty (93%). The Prairies region had significantly fewer websites with male-only pages compared with all other Canadian regions.

Conclusions
Despite the increase in cosmetic surgery procedures for males, the market for cosmetic surgery procedures targeted towards males remains insignificant. An increase in the advertising of in-demand male cosmetic procedures can allow for a broader consumer market and a subsequent increase in benefits for plastic surgeons.
Minimal Incision Lower Augmentation Blepharoplasty: 3 Simple Steps to Facial Mid-Term Rejuvenation
Authors: Pérez Willis Wilder Antonio , Pérez Soto Wilder Armin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
The practice of removing skin and fatty tissue from the lower eyelid does not accommodate the different forms of facial aging. Therefore, techniques that encompass the recovery of facial volumes are common. Currently, when isolated lower blepharoplasty is performed, it does not take into account that mid-face rejuvenation is simultaneously possible. Furthermore, it is not always necessary to make incisions along the entire lash line, because this may be minimal in good candidates.

Objectives
This article presents a selection of patients who underwent augmentation lower blepharoplasty for the rejuvenation of the middle third of the face associated with the periorbital area, which is a modified traditional lower blepharoplasty technique performed with minimal incisions and fat grafting.

Methods
A retrospective study was conducted on 160 patients who underwent lower augmentation blepharoplasty performed by the authors from July 2017 to March 2021. The small incision utilized is approximately 15 to 18 mm and does not reach the ends or edges of the lower eyelid. The procedure is accompanied by fat grafting in the area of the middle third of the face. Finally, a Likert test was conducted to assess satisfaction.

Results
The patients presented a noticeable improvement, obtaining more attractive and youthful results from the middle third of the face. There were no major complications, and the patient outcomes were satisfactory.

Conclusions
Augmentation lower blepharoplasty with minimal incisions can be a useful alternative for selected patients who seek to jointly rejuvenate the middle third of the face.

Level of Evidence: 4
Infralimbic YTHDF1 is necessary for the beneficial effects of acute mild exercise on auditory fear extinction retention
Authors: Li Song-Ji , Zhang Lin-Xuan , Zou Guang-Jing , Ma Min-Hui , Zhou Shi-Fen , Lu Xiao-Yu , Li Fang , Li Chang-Qi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractExposure therapy is the most effective approach of behavioral therapy for anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). But fear is easy to reappear even after successful extinction. So, identifying novel strategies for augmenting exposure therapy is rather important. It was reported that exercise had beneficial effects on cognitive and memory deficits. However, whether exercise could affect fear memory, especially for fear extinction remained elusive. Here, our results showed that exposure to acute mild exercise 1 or 2 h before extinction training can augment recent fear extinction retention and 2 h for the remote fear extinction retention. These beneficial effects could be attributed to increased YTHDF1 expression in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Furthermore, by using an AAV-shRNA-based approach to silence YTHDF1 expression via stereotactic injection in prelimbic cortex (PL) or infralimbic cortex (IL), respectively, we demonstrated that silence YTHDF1 in IL, but not in PL, blunted augmentation of exposure therapy induced by acute mild exercise and accompanied with decreased NR2B and GluR1 expression. Moreover, YTHDF1 modulated dendritic spines remodeling of pyramidal neuron in IL. Collectively, our findings suggested that acute mild exercise acted as an effective strategy in augmenting exposure therapy with possible implications for understanding new treatment underlying PTSD.
Furazolidone and Nitrofurazone Metabolic Studies in Crucian Carp by Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Yang Zuisu , Yu Haixia , Chen Yan , Yuan Falei , Zhang Xiaojun , Fang Shuangqi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this work, the detection of the furazolidone (FZD) and nitrofurazone (NFZ) metabolites residuals in crucian carp are focused. Crucian carps of identical size were exposed to the mixed nitrofuran antibiotics under optimized bath conditions at a concentration of 50 mg/L, 26 ± 0.5°C for 24 h. Then, liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC–ESI–MSMS) was performed after the drug exposure experiments when the nitrofuran metabolites were enriched in organisms. During the period of 0–144 h, residue levels of the 3-amino-2-oxazolidinone (AOZ) gradually decreased with a prolonged sampling time. The changing trend in semicarbazide (SEM) with the sample collection duration is divided into two stages, and its concentration showed a trend of rising first and then falling. The metabolite concentration–time curve demonstrates that 24 h was used as a sampling time, and fish muscle was selected as tissue samples in the further quantitative study. A novel crucian carp-enrichment procedure coupled to LC–ESI–MSMS quantitative method was further explored based on much metabolite data. According to the exponential curve of the SEM-to-AOZ concentration ratio at a precisely designed FZD-to-NFZ mass ratio, the final FZD content of the veterinary NFZ antibiotics was 0.069 ± 0.005% (in terms of mass).
Evaluation of inter-user variability in indocyanine green fluorescence angiography to assess gastric conduit perfusion in esophageal cancer surgery
Authors: Hardy Niall P , Joosten Johanna J , Dalli Jeffrey , Hompes Roel , Cahill Ronan A , van Berge Henegouwen Mark I 
Published: April 2022

Summary
Indocyanine Green Fluorescence Angiography (ICGFA) has been deployed to tackle malperfusion-related anastomotic complications. This study assesses variations in operator interpretation of pre-anastomotic ICGFA inflow in the gastric conduit. Utilizing an innovative online interactive multimedia platform (Mindstamp), esophageal surgeons completed a baseline opinion-practice questionnaire and proceeded to interpret, and then digitally assign, a distal transection point on 8 ICGFA videos of esophageal resections (6 Ivor Lewis, 2 McKeown). Annotations regarding gastric conduit transection by ICGFA were compared between expert users versus non-expert participants using ImageJ to delineate longitudinal distances with Shapiro Wilk and t-tests to ascertain significance. Expert versus non-expert correlation was assessed via Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC). Thirty participants (13 consultants, 6 ICGFA experts) completed the study in all aspects. Of these, a high majority (29 participants) stated ICGFA should be used routinely with most (21, including 5/6 experts) stating that 11–50 cases were needed for competency in interpretation. Among users, there were wide variations in dosing (0.05–3 mg/kg) and practice impact. Agreement regarding ICGFA video interpretation concerning transection level among experts was ‘moderate’ (ICC = 0.717) overall but ‘good’ (ICC = 0.871) among seven videos with Leave One Out (LOO) exclusion of the video with highest disagreement. Agreement among non-experts was moderate (ICC = 0.641) overall and in every subgroup including among consultants (ICC = 0.626). Experts choose levels that preserved more gastric conduit length versus non-experts in all but one video (P = 0.02). Considerable variability exists with ICGFA interpretation and indeed impact. Even adept users may be challenged in specific cases. Standardized training and/or computerized quantitative fluorescence may help better usage.
Disruption of the brain–esophagus axis in obese patients with heartburn
Authors: Ribeiro Marcelo , Forcelini Cassiano Mateus , Navarini Daniel , Soder Ricardo Bernardi , Fornari Fernando 
Published: April 2022

SummaryObesity is a risk factor for gastroesophageal reflux disease. Studies addressing the brain–esophagus axis in obese are lacking. In obese with and without heartburn, we assessed: (i) the brain responses to esophageal acid perfusion during functional brain imaging; (ii) esophageal impedance baseline before and after acid perfusion; and (iii) abdominal fat distribution. In this exploratory study, 26 obese underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of the brain combined with esophageal acid perfusion. Esophageal impedance baseline was determined before and after fMRI, followed by tomographic quantification of the abdominal fat. Among 26 obese (54% men, 39.7 years old, 33.5 kg/m2), there were 17 with heartburn and 9 without heartburn. Before fMRI, the esophageal impedance baseline was lower in obese with heartburn than without heartburn (median 1187 vs. 1890 Ω; P = 0.025). After acid perfusion, impedance baseline decreased in obese with heartburn (from 1187 to 899 Ω; P = 0.011) and was lower in this group than in obese without heartburn (899 vs. 1614 Ω; P = 0.001). fMRI task-residual analysis showed that obese with heartburn presented higher functional connectivity in several brain regions than obese without heartburn. Abdominal fat area did not differ between obese with and without heartburn either for total (72.8 ± 4.4% vs. 70.3 ± 6.0%; P = 0.280), subcutaneous (42.2 ± 9.0% vs. 37.4 ± 9.0%; P = 0.226), or visceral (30.6 ± 7.9% vs. 33.0 ± 7.8%; P = 0.484). In subjects with obesity, the brain–esophagus axis is disrupted centrally with higher functional brain connectivity and peripherally with decreased esophageal mucosa integrity in the presence of heartburn.
Network Analysis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research: Towards the Interactome
Authors: Fernandez M Emilia , Nazar F Nicolas , Moine Luciana B , Jaime Cristian E , Kembro Jackelyn M , Correa Silvia G 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsModern views accept that inflammatory bowel diseases [IBD] emerge from complex interactions among the multiple components of a biological network known as the ‘IBD interactome’. These diverse components belong to different functional levels including cells, molecules, genes and biological processes. This diversity can make it difficult to integrate available empirical information from human patients into a collective view of aetiopathogenesis, a necessary step to understand the interactome. Herein, we quantitatively analyse how the representativeness of components involved in human IBD and their relationships ha ve changed over time.MethodsA bibliographic search in PubMed retrieved 25 971 abstracts of experimental studies on IBD in humans, published between 1990 and 2020. Abstracts were scanned automatically for 1218 IBD interactome components proposed in recent reviews. The resulting databases are freely available and were visualized as networks indicating the frequency at which different components are referenced together within each abstract.ResultsAs expected, over time there was an increase in components added to the IBD network and heightened connectivity within and across functional levels. However, certain components were consistently studied together, forming preserved motifs in the networks. These overrepresented and highly linked components reflect main ‘hypotheses’ in IBD research in humans. Interestingly, 82% of the components cited in reviews were absent or showed low frequency, suggesting that many aspects of the proposed IBD interactome still have weak experimental support in humans.ConclusionsA reductionist and fragmented approach to the study of IBD has prevailed in previous decades, highlighting the importance of transitioning towards a more integrated interactome framework.
Deciphering the RNA universe in sperm in its role as a vertical information carrier
Authors: Kretschmer Miriam , Gapp Katharina 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe inheritance of neurophysiologic and neuropsychologic complex diseases can only partly be explained by the Mendelian concept of genetic inheritance. Previous research showed that both psychological disorders like post-traumatic stress disorder and metabolic diseases are more prevalent in the progeny of affected parents. This could suggest an epigenetic mode of transmission. Human studies give first insight into the scope of intergenerational influence of stressors but are limited in exploring the underlying mechanisms. Animal models have elucidated the mechanistic underpinnings of epigenetic transmission. In this review, we summarize progress on the mechanisms of paternal intergenerational transmission by means of sperm RNA in mouse models. We discuss relevant details for the modelling of RNA-mediated transmission, point towards currently unanswered questions and propose experimental considerations for tackling these questions.
Comorbidities may offset expected improved survival after transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Lantelme Pierre , Aubry Matthieu , Peng Jacques Chan , Riche Benjamin , Souteyrand Géraud , Jaafar Philippe , Rabilloud Muriel , Harbaoui Brahim , Muller Olivier , Cosset Benoit , Pagnoni Mattia , Manigold Thibaut 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Aims
After transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular comorbidities may offset the survival benefit from the procedure. We aimed to describe the relationships between that benefit and patient comorbidities.

Methods and results
The study pooled two European cohorts of patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS-pooled): one with patients who underwent (cohort of AS patients treated by TAVR, N = 233) and another with patients who did not undergo TAVR (cohort of AS patients treated medically; N = 291). The investigators collected the following: calcification prognostic impact (CAPRI) and Charlson scores for cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular comorbidities, activities of daily living (ADL)/instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) scores for frailty as well as routine Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) score and Logistic Euroscore. Unlike ADL/IADL scores, CAPRI and Charlson scores were found to be independent predictors of 1-year all-cause death in the AS-pooled cohort, with and without adjustment for STS score or Logistic Euroscore; they were thus retained to define a three-level prognostic scale (good, intermediate, and poor). The survival benefit from TAVR—vs. no TAVR—was stratified according to these three prognosis categories. The beneficial effect of TAVR on 1-year all-cause death was significant in patients with good and intermediate prognosis, hazard ratio (95% confidence interval): 0.36 (0.18; 0.72) and 0.32 (0.15; 0.67). That effect was reduced and not statistically significant in patient with poor prognosis [0.65 (0.22; 1.88)].

Conclusion
The study showed that, beyond a given comorbidity burden (as assessed by CAPRI and Charlson scores), the probability of death within a year was high and poorly reduced by TAVR. This indicates the futility of TAVR in patients in the poor prognosis category.
High fibrosis-4 index predicts the new onset of ischaemic heart disease during a 10-year period in a general population
Authors: Higashiura Yukimura , Tanaka Marenao , Mori Kazuma , Mikami Takuma , Hosaka Itaru , Ohnishi Hirofumi , Hanawa Nagisa , Furuhashi Masato 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Aims
The fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) index, calculated using age, platelet count, and levels of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, is a non-invasive indicator for the detection of liver fibrosis. Advanced hepatic fibrosis is associated with morbidity and mortality in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. However, the relationship between liver fibrosis and the development of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) has not fully been addressed.

Methods and results
We investigated the association between the FIB-4 index and the new onset of IHD during a 10-year period in a general population of subjects who received annual health examinations (n = 28 990). After exclusion of subjects with missing data and those with a history of IHD at baseline, a total of 13 448 subjects (men/women: 8774/4674, mean age: 48 years) were included. During the 10-year period, 378 men (4.3%) and 77 women (1.6%) had a new onset of IHD. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models with a restricted cubic spline showed that hazard risk for the development of IHD increased with a higher FIB-4 index at baseline after adjustment of age, sex, fatty liver (FL) determined by ultrasonography, estimated glomerular filtration rate, habits of current smoking and alcohol drinking, family history of IHD, and diagnosis of hypertension, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidaemia. When divided by FL, the FIB-4 index becomes an independent predictor for the development of IHD in subjects with FL but not in those without FL. The addition of the FIB-4 index to traditional risk factors for IHD significantly improved the discriminatory capability.

Conclusion
A high level of the FIB-4 index predicts the new onset of IHD during a 10-year period.
Treatment of the aortic root in acute aortic dissection type A: insights from the German Registry for Acute Aortic Dissection Type A
Authors: Kallenbach Klaus , Büsch Christopher , Rylski Bartosz , Dohle Daniel-Sebastian , Krüger Tobias , Holubec Tomas , Brickwedel Jens , Pöling Jochen , Noack Thilo , Hagl Christian , Jawny Philipp , Böning Andreas , Chalabi Khaled , Karck Matthias , Arif Rawa 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOBJECTIVESSurgery of the aortic root in acute aortic dissection type A (AADA) remains a topic of vague evidence since the extend of dissection and surgeons’ capability and interpretation of the disease vary remarkably. We aimed to interpret root operation strategies in the German Registry for Acute Aortic Dissection cohort.METHODSGerman Registry for Acute Aortic Dissection collected the data of 56 centres between July 2006 and June 2015. A total of 3382 patients undergoing operations for AADA were included and divided into 3 groups according to aortic root procedure types: supracommissural replacement (SCR), conduit replacement (CR) and valve sparing root replacement (VSRR).RESULTSPatients in SCR (2425, 71.7%) were significantly older than CR (681, 20.1%) and VSRR (276, 8.2%) (63.4 vs 57.5 vs 54.2 years; P &lt; 0.001), more female (38.9% vs 32.0% vs 26.1%; P &lt; 0.001) and presented with less aortic regurgitation (26.3% vs 57.1% vs 56.5%; P &lt; 0.001). VSRR presented with slightly less multiple organ malperfusion (11.6% vs 12.0% vs 10.9%; P = 0.045) and were more often diagnosed for Marfan syndrome (2.4% vs 5.1% vs 9.1%; P &lt; 0.001). Thirty-day mortality was lower for VSRR (11.6%) compared to SCR (16.1%) and CR (19.8%; P = 0.010). Despite longer procedural times, multivariable regression showed no influence of total arch replacement for VSRR on mortality compared to CR (odds ratio 0.264; 95% confidence interval, 0.033–2.117; P = 0.21).CONCLUSIONSSCR remains the procedure of choice in elderly and compromised patients. Extended root preservation techniques may be applied even in combination with extended aortic arch surgery for selected patients for AADA with promising early outcomes.
Advancing quality and safety of perinatal services in India: opportunities for effective midwifery integration
Authors: Vedam Saraswathi , Titoria Reena , Niles Paulomi , Stoll Kathrin , Kumar Vishwajeet , Baswal Dinesh , Mayra Kaveri , Kaur Inderjeet , Hardtman Pandora 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
India has made significant progress in improving maternal and child health. However, there are persistent disparities in maternal and child morbidity and mortality in many communities. Mistreatment of women in childbirth and gender-based violence are common and reduce women’s sense of safety. Recently, the Government of India committed to establishing a specialized midwifery cadre: Nurse Practitioners in Midwifery (NPMs). Integration of NPMs into the current health system has the potential to increase respectful maternity care, reduce unnecessary interventions, and improve resource allocation, ultimately improving maternal–newborn outcomes. To synthesize the evidence on effective midwifery integration, we conducted a desk review of peer-reviewed articles, reports and regulatory documents describing models of practice, organization of health services and lessons learned from other countries. We also interviewed key informants in India who described the current state of the healthcare system, opportunities, and anticipated challenges to establishing a new cadre of midwives. Using an intersectional feminist theoretical framework, we triangulated the findings from the desk review with interview data to identify levers for change and recommendations. Findings from the desk review highlight that benefits of midwifery on outcomes and experience link to models of midwifery care, and limited scope of practice and prohibitive practice settings are threats to successful integration. Interviews with key informants affirm the importance of meeting global standards for practice, education, inter-professional collaboration and midwifery leadership. Key informants noted that the expansion of respectful maternity care and improved outcomes will depend on the scope and model of practice for the cadre. Domains needing attention include building professional identity; creating a robust, sustainable education system; addressing existing inter-professional issues and strengthening referral and quality monitoring systems. Public and professional education on midwifery roles and scope of practice, improved regulatory conditions and enabling practice environments will be key to successful integration of midwives in India.