bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Redox profiles of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis lymphoblasts with or without known SOD1 mutations
Authors: Cunha‐Oliveira Teresa , Silva Daniela Franco , Segura Luis , Baldeiras Inês , Marques Ricardo , Rosenstock Tatiana , Oliveira Paulo J. , Silva Filomena S. G. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal and rapidly progressing neurodegenerative disease that affects motor neurons. This disease is associated with oxidative stress especially in mutant superoxide dismutase 1 (mutSOD1) patients. However, less is known for the most prevalent sporadic ALS form, due to a lack of disease models. Here, we studied oxidative stress profiles in lymphoblasts from ALS patients with mutSOD1 or unknown (undSOD1) mutations.MethodsmutSOD1 and undSOD1 lymphoblasts, as well as sex/age‐matched controls (3/group) were obtained from Coriell and divided into 46 years‐old‐men (C1), 46 years‐old‐women (C2) or 26/27 years‐old‐men (C3) cohorts. Growth curves were performed, and several parameters associated with redox homeostasis were evaluated, including SOD activity and expression, general oxidative stress levels, lipid peroxidation, response to oxidative stimulus, glutathione redox cycle, catalase expression, and activity, and Nrf2 transcripts. Pooled (all cohorts) and paired (intra‐cohort) statistical analyses were performed, followed by clustering and principal component analyses (PCA).ResultsAlthough a high heterogeneity among lymphoblast redox profiles was found between cohorts, clustering analysis based on 7 parameters with high chi‐square ranking (total SOD activity, oxidative stress levels, catalase transcripts, SOD1 protein levels, metabolic response to mM concentrations of tert‐butyl hydroperoxide, glutathione reductase activity, and Nrf2 transcript levels) provided a perfect cluster segregation between samples from healthy controls and ALS (undSOD1 and mutSOD1), also visualized in the PCA.ConclusionsOur results show distinct redox signatures in lymphoblasts from mutSOD1, undSOD1 and healthy controls that can be used as therapeutic targets for ALS drug development.
The puzzle of the anchovy–sardine inverse fishery at the south‐eastern coast of the Arabian Sea and climate variability
Authors: Hamza Faseela , Valsala Vinu , Varikoden Hamza 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAn out‐of‐phase pattern of fishery between anchovy and sardine exists in upwelling systems of different geographical locations. We examined the inverse relationship of anchovy (Stolephorus sp., Engraulidae) and sardine (Sardinella longiceps, Clupeidae) fishery along the coast of the south‐eastern Arabian Sea (SEAS) by analysing the annual landing data of Kerala, Karnataka, and Goa states. Landings of anchovy and sardine showed wide fluctuations with distinct episodes of abundance and decline. We selected anchovy period (1984–1996) and sardine period (2000–2013) for close examination according to the environmental data availability. The study reveals that the observed inverse fishery along the coast of SEAS is well connected to regional environmental parameters and global climate variability. During the abundant anchovy period, the anomalies of surface currents were observed towards the north and also towards the coast during the spawning periods of anchovy (March–May, October–December). The pattern of surface current anomalies is reversed during the abundant sardine period. Anomalies of surface current is directed towards offshore during the early life stage of sardine (June–September), but it reversed towards the coast during the abundant sardine period. Similarly, an opposite upwelling pattern is noted in both species’ spawning seasons during the anchovy and sardine abundant periods. During these periods, the spatial distribution of global surface air temperature and wind anomalies showed contrasting spatial patterns and hence they are related to various climate indices in sardine and anchovy abundant periods in the SEAS.
Real‐world decision‐making in the management of patients presenting with major bleeding on rivaroxaban: the Auckland regional experience
Authors: Grainger Brian T. , Merriman Eileen , Royle Gordon , Eaddy Nicola , Ockelford Paul , Young Laura 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundRivaroxaban is used increasingly as an oral anticoagulant; however, a specific reversal agent is not currently available in the Australasian setting. There is also variation across international consensus guidelines regarding advice on the management of bleeding.AimsTo review the real‐world management of rivaroxaban‐associated major bleeding across the public hospitals of New Zealand's largest city.MethodsA retrospective cohort analysis was performed of patients prescribed rivaroxaban who presented to four metropolitan hospital Emergency Departments between 1 August 2018 and 31 May 2021 with major bleeding as defined by the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis.ResultsOne hundred and twelve patients were identified, accounting for 115 major bleeding presentations. Upper gastrointestinal (34%) and intracranial (31%) bleeding sites were most common. Procedural intervention was required in 44% of patients. Haemostatic management involved tranexamic acid (TXA) in 26%, prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) in 55% (dose range 1000–6000 IU or 10–65 IU/kg), vitamin K in 16% and fresh frozen plasma in 1%. Rivaroxaban was discontinued permanently following 56 (49%) events, switched to another anticoagulant in 24 (21%) and withheld in 30 (26%) from 2 days to 3 months (median 8.5 days). All‐cause mortality at 90 days after bleeding was 17% (19 patients), and the incidence of combined venous and arterial thrombotic events was 10%.ConclusionsThere is considerable heterogeneity in the acute clinical management of patients presenting with rivaroxaban‐related major bleeding. The use of PCC and dosage administered is inconsistent. TXA was utilised in only approximately one‐quarter of all cases. Evidence‐based guidance for treating rivaroxaban‐related bleeding would improve the management of these patients and potentially improve clinical outcomes.
Myth or measurement: What does the new minimum wage research say about minimum wages and job loss in the United States?
Authors: Neumark David , Shirley Peter 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe disagreement among studies on the employment effects of minimum wages in the United States is well known. Less well known, and more puzzling, is the absence of agreement on what the research literature says—that is, how economists summarize the body of evidence on the employment effects of minimum wages. Summaries range from “it is now well established that higher minimum wages do not reduce employment,” to “the evidence is very mixed with effects centered on zero so there is no basis for a strong conclusion one way or the other,” to “most evidence points to adverse employment effects.” We explore the question of what conclusions can be drawn from the literature, focusing on the evidence using subnational minimum wage variation within the United States that has dominated the research landscape since the early 1990s. To accomplish this, we assembled the entire set of published studies in this literature and identified the core estimates that support the conclusions from each study, in most cases relying on responses from the researchers who wrote these papers. Our key conclusions are as follows: (i) there is a clear preponderance of negative estimates in the literature; (ii) this evidence is stronger for teens and young adults and the less educated; (iii) the evidence from studies of directly affected workers points even more strongly to negative employment effects; and (iv) the evidence from studies of low‐wage industries is less one‐sided.
Collaboration and optimization in farmland exchanges
Authors: Rönnqvist Mikael , Frisk Mikael , Flisberg Patrik , Casimir Justin , Engström Jonas , Hansson Erik , Kihlstedt Annika 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTo keep businesses competitive in world markets, the number of farms in most countries is decreasing while farm size is increasing, and parcels making up the farm area are extremely fragmented. It is common for farms to expand faster than available arable land near the farm center, leading to longer distances between the farm center and field areas. Consequently, logistic costs increase and affect the farm's profitability and the environment. Moreover, there is often substantial overlap between different farms, which implies that it is possible for farmers to collaborate with each other. We developed and proposed three optimization models to describe different levels of collaboration and sharing restrictions. Many practical considerations need to be weighed, such as the soil type and crops used. We collected detailed information on farms, parcels, and cost drivers in seven large instances for our case study in Sweden. One instance had 1431 farms and 32,091 parcels with 96 crop types. The resulting optimization models were very large; special pre‐processing and optimization techniques were developed for their solutions. The theoretical potential for collaboration in logistic cost reduction was very large, ranging from approximately 10% to 50% depending on the form of the collaboration. Because a large part of costs comes from less use of diesel for transport resources, the reduction in cost is directly related to a reduction in CO2 emissions.
High‐entropy boride–carbide ceramics by sequential boro/carbothermal synthesis
Authors: Smith Steven M. , Feng Lun , Fahrenholtz William G. , Hilmas Greg E. , Huang Tieshu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA dual‐phase high‐entropy boride (HEB)/carbide (HEC) ceramic with a fine grain size was synthesized by a sequential boro/carbothermal process. In the first step, an Hf–Nb–Ta–Ti–Zr‐containing carbide was synthesized by a carbothermal reduction of oxides followed by the reaction of the carbide with B4C and ZrH2 to convert part of the carbide to boride. The resulting composition was ∼29 vol% HEB with an average grain size of ∼1.1 μm. Solid solution formation occurred at the densification temperature of 1900°C resulting in a relative density higher than 99%. The Vickers hardness was 26.5 ± 1.4 GPa. This is the first report of synthesizing dual‐phase boride–carbide high‐entropy ceramics from carbothermally synthesized, HEC powders.
Evaluating fundamental care knowledge to inform educational leadership
Authors: Nowell Lorelli , Davidson Sandra , Gospodinov Julia , Laing Catherine , Shajani Zahra , Dewell Sarah , Conroy Tiffany , Button Didy 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimTo explore undergraduate nursing students' understanding of fundamental care and identify educational leadership opportunities to deepen students' understanding of fundamental care concepts.DesignSequential‐explanatory mixed methods study.MethodsWe conducted a cross sectional survey (n = 202) and focus groups (n = 24) to explore undergraduate nursing students' ability to identify fundamental care needs. All data were collected between November 2020 and April 2021. Survey data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics and focus group data were thematically analysed.ResultsYear One students scored significantly lower in their ability to identify fundamental care needs compared with students in other years, even after controlling for route, gender and age. Post‐degree students scored significantly higher than direct entry or transfer students. Students ≤19 years of age had significantly lower scores compared with students ≥25 years of age. Our focus group findings highlighted that students were often unable to define fundamental care, but they identified learning about various components of fundamental care in a variety of ways. While students understood that fundamental care was required in all settings, they were challenged in providing this care in acute and virtual settings. Students shared several suggestions to support fundamental care skills development across the curriculum.ConclusionsThere is a need for a clear definition and description of the fundamentals of care that is used consistently by faculty, students and curriculum documents. It is important to encourage and support educators to share real‐world nursing stories, offer students time to share their personal experiences, develop creative learning opportunities and foster student reflection to deepen students' understanding of the fundamentals of care.ImpactEducators need support to meaningfully incorporate fundamentals of care learning opportunities across multiple care settings. Educational leaders can use these findings to develop or adapt their curricula to support fundamental care skill development.
Exploring the link between self‐regulated learning and learner behaviour in a massive open online course
Authors: Jansen Renée S. , van Leeuwen Anouschka , Janssen Jeroen , Kester Liesbeth 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundLearners in Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) are presented with great autonomy over their learning process. Learners must engage in self‐regulated learning (SRL) to handle this autonomy. It is assumed that learners' SRL, through monitoring and control, influences learners' behaviour within the MOOC environment (e.g., watching videos). The exact relationship between SRL and learner behaviour has however not been investigated.ObjectivesWe explored whether differences in SRL are related to differences in learner behaviour in a MOOC. As insight in this relationship could improve our understanding of the influence of SRL on behaviour, could help explain the variety in online learner behaviour, and could be useful for the development of successful SRL support for learners.MethodsMOOC learners were grouped based on their self‐reported SRL. Next, we used process mining to create process models of learners' activities. These process models were compared between groups of learners.Results and conclusionsFour clusters emerged: average regulators, help seekers, self‐regulators, and weak regulators. Learners in all clusters closely followed the designed course structure. However, the process models also showed differences which could be linked to differences in the SRL scores between clusters.TakeawaysThe study shows that SRL may explain part of the variability in online learner behaviour. Implications for the design of SRL interventions include the necessity to integrate support for weak regulators in the course structure.
Students' use of technology and their perceptions of its usefulness in higher education: International comparison
Authors: Cohen Anat , Soffer Tal , Henderson Michael 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe rapid globalization along with the growing trend of openness and sharing approach enabled widespread of digital technologies all over the world. However, we can still find differences between countries in technology use and perceptions of usefulness for learning. Understanding students' use of educational technology and their perceptions of its usefulness is especially significant today, given the rapid penetration of online learning into higher education as a response to Covid‐19.ObjectivesThis research aimed to understand students' actual experiences with digital technologies during their academic studies and their perceptions of technology usefulness across institutional and international contexts (Israel and Australia).MethodsThis quantitative study used data from a large‐scale bi‐national online survey of 3003 students in both countries. Comparative analyses were conducted. In addition, factor analysis was used to identify latent factors from 16 variables of students' perceptions of the usefulness of digital resources usefulness.Results and conclusionThe results revealed significant differences in technology usage and its perceived usefulness between students in the two countries. They confirmed the predominance of ‘official’ digital resources, such as learning management systems and online library resources. However, large percentages also reported the use of ‘non‐official’ digital resources, including academic search services; subject‐related videos and audio recordings on content‐sharing websites such as YouTube and Wikipedia; and communication and/or collaboration with other students through social networks. Thus, universities need to consider the potential use of incorporating these resources for improving teaching and learning. Moreover, understanding the differences will assist in implementing tailored techno‐pedagogical solutions to the students.
Pseudo and resistant hypertension: A chaotic perspective
Authors: Moreno Heitor 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSystemic blood pressure (BP) may oscillate for homeostatic needs (equilibrium by constancy) or just as shifts in other intrinsic and extrinsic variables known as allostatic changes. This transitory pressure often rises alerts physicians to out‐of‐control hypertension or even hypertensive crisis. There is a very complex theory underlying these stochastic phenomena, which physicists and mathematicians translate into a single word: chaos. These changes happen according to a stochastic probabilistic pattern that presumes chaotic but somewhat predictable and nonlinear modeling of BP‐related dynamics as a mathematical approach. Based on the chaos theory, small changes at the initial BP (baseline overtime) values could disturb the homeostasis leading to extreme BP chaotic shifts. These almost insignificant oscillations may also affect other variables and systems, leading to the misdiagnosis of hypertension, “out‐of‐control” BP levels, and resistant hypertension (RHT). Thus, these unpredictable and transient increases in BP values may be improperly diagnosed as the white coat and masked or resistant hypertension. Indeed, the interference of the chaos in any phenotype of (true or false) hard to control BP is not considered in clinical settings. This review provides some basic concepts on chaos theory and BP regulation. Besides pseudoresistant hypertension (lack of adherence, circadian variations, and others (white‐coat, masked, early morning effects or hypertension), chaotic changes can be responsible for out‐of‐control hypertension.
The importance of shared meaning‐making for sustainable knowledge translation and health literacy
Authors: Wahl Astrid K. , Andersen Marit H. , Ødemark John , Reisæther Anna , Urstad Kristin H. , Engebretsen Eivind 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe aim of the present paper is to describe and discuss how recent theories about translation, bridging medical and humanistic understandings of knowledge translation, in the medical humanities can bring about a new understanding of health literacy in the context of patient education. We argue that knowledge translation must be understood as active engagement with contextual meaning, considering the understandings, interpretation, and expertise of both patient and health care provider (deconstruction of the distinction between biomedical and cultural knowledge). To illustrate our points, we will describe the case of Jim, a kidney transplant recipient who received standard patient education but lost the graft (the new kidney). If we apply Kristeva's view to this context, graft function is not merely biology but a complex biocultural fact. In this perspective, graft function is seen as a phenomenon that embraces translation between health as a biomedical phenomenon and healing as lived experience, and that opens for shared meaning‐making processes between the patient and the health care provider. In Jim's case, this means that we need to rethink the approach to patient education in a way that encourages the patient's idiosyncratic way of thinking and experiencing, and to transform health information into a means for sustaining Jim's singular life – not biological life “in general.” The patient education programme did not take into consideration the singularities of Jim's biographical temporality, with its changes in everyday life, priorities, attitudes, and values. Hence, we claim that health literacy should involve a simultaneous interrogation of the patients and the health professional's constructions of knowledge.
Calibrating the Magnitude of the Countercyclical Capital Buffer Using Market‐Based Stress Tests
Authors: VAN OORDT MAARTEN R.C. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper proposes a novel methodology to calibrate the magnitude of the countercyclical capital buffer (CCyB) using market‐based stress tests. The macroprudential authority in our paper aims to contain the possibility of a breach of a minimum capital ratio in the event of a severe system‐wide shock within a certain permissible failure probability. We apply the methodology by stress‐testing major banks in six advanced economies on a quarterly basis over a period of 27 years. The estimates suggest that the cap on the CCyB should not be less than around 1.7% of total assets. Its potential normal‐times level is estimated at approximately 0.8% of total assets.
Double devaluations: Class, value and the rise of the right in the Global North
Authors: Kalb Don 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis article builds on the contributions of anthropologists of Europe in discovering, tracing and explaining the neo‐nationalist ascendancy of the last 20 years. It picks up on earlier publications to make a succinct case for a decidedly anthropological class analysis of this worldwide and world‐shaking phenomenon, with a view mainly on Europe and the United States. It suggests the usefulness of a notion of ‘double devaluation’ in understanding and explaining recent rightward shifts in popular politics in the Global North, encompassing both rural and urban spaces.
Temporal hollowing causes, classifications, and treatment options: A systematic review
Authors: Shay Tamir , Shachar Tal , Olshinka Asaf , Ad‐El Dean D. , Ibelli Taylor , Shilo Yaacobi Dafna 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundRecent developments in surgical techniques and grading schemas to treat temporal hollowing necessitate critically assessing their efficacy. This systematic review presents the currently available protocols for temporal hollowing, aimed toward improving the clinical approach, for the benefit of the surgeon and patient.MethodsA search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, and Google Scholar in September 2021 using the keywords “temporal hollowing” and “temporal augmentation.” Inclusion criteria were English‐written articles published in peer‐reviewed journals that reported an outcome relating to the cause, classification, or procedure used to prevent or correct hollowing in humans.ResultsOf the 413, 966 publications retrieved, 24 met the study inclusion criteria. Twenty‐one publications discussed the etiology of temporal hollowing, 12 discussed a classification or grading system for temporal hollowing, and 19 discussed a procedure to prevent or correct temporal hollowing. The most commonly reported etiology for temporal hollowing was iatrogenic (63%). For classifying temporal hollowing severity, visual analogue scales (25%) were most commonly used. Mesh (26%) and autologous fat grafts (26%) were the most popular procedures used to prevent or correct temporal hollowing.DiscussionWe presented the spectrum of temporal hollowing grading schemas and treatment modalities currently published in the field. The use, by a majority of publications, of a grading system based on the subjective judgment of the examiner (either alone or adjunct to imaging results) suggests the need for a more standardized measurement tool. Future studies should investigate a universally applicable temporal hollowing classification system and its impact on treatment outcomes.