bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Who should hold the baton of aviation sustainability?
Authors: Singh Jagroop , Rana Sudhir , Abdul Hamid Abu Bakar , Gupta Piyush 
Published: July 2022

Purpose
In the past four decades, substantial air traffic growth has triggered enthusiasm in the aviation sector. At the same time, this growth has posed challenges to its financial and environmental sustainability commitments. A buzz has been centered on introducing and supporting aviation sustainability initiatives. These challenges have led to acknowledging the need to reduce aviation fuel consumption, a function of multiple factors. The different stakeholders having a diverse type of interplay govern the effective implementation of the factors at different decision levels (strategic, tactical and operational). Thus, the present study aims to critically examine various decision levels involved to understand opportunities and requirements related to aviation sustainability.

Design/methodology/approach
In this study, the best–worst method is used to quantify different decision levels’ role on various factors affecting aviation fuel consumption.

Findings
The results of this study signify that tactical-level decisions are most influential in reducing aviation fuel consumption with the highest impact (0.41) followed by operational-level decisions (0.30) and strategic-level decisions (0.29), respectively.

Research limitations/implications
The results point toward the critical role of middle-level hierarchy, i.e. aircraft manufacturers, airlines and others in the aviation industry’s sustainable growth. Thus, middle-level stakeholders must be inspired and empowered to act, being at the center they link the other two levels.

Originality/value
This study has added to the body of knowledge by exploring the decision-making competencies needed by different aviation sector stakeholders. It also presents the possible options available in the sector and the role of stakeholders at different levels in exploiting and implementing the sustainable aviation sector changes.
Hiking tourism: educating hikers through the interpretation of on-site information and predicting precautionary behavior
Authors: Scholl-Grissemann Ursula , Peters Mike , Bichler Bernhard Fabian , Happ Elisabeth 
Published: July 2022

Purpose
Hiking is a popular tourism activity across the globe. Although hiking is considered a “soft” adventure activity with little risk and challenge, hikers are also confronted with dangerous situations where risky behavior can lead to fatalities. This study aims to understand the moderating role of hiking motives on hikers’ precautionary behavior, while providing implications for destination management organizations.

Design/methodology/approach
This study conducted a 3×2 between-subjects online experiment (N = 181), manipulating the on-site information and visibility of potential hazards. Moderation analyses (SPSS PROCESS) were applied to derive the differences between the hiking motives of competitiveness/exhibitionism, playing to the limit and sociability on precautionary behavior.

Findings
The findings can inform effective hiking trail signage efforts, helping identify potential indications of risky behavior. The findings also importantly underline the moderating role of playing to the limit and competitiveness as they regard the risk perception–precautionary behavior relationship.

Originality/value
The implications of this study are directed toward destination management organizations, and how to promote precautionary hiking behavior based on hikers’ motivations.
Nonlinear response of the soil seed bank and its role in plant community regeneration with increased grazing disturbance
Authors: An Hang , Baskin Carol C. , Ma Miaojun 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

The soil seed bank represents valuable rebuilding capital that may rescue an ecosystem from state transition once vegetation has crossed an apparent threshold from the desired to degraded state. However, almost no research has explored the response of transient and persistent seed banks and their role in plant community regeneration along a gradient of wetlands from intact to a seriously degraded state due to increased grazing disturbance.

Seven grazing disturbance levels from nondisturbed to highly degraded alpine marsh ecosystems were selected on the eastern Tibetan Plateau. Akaike information criterion (AIC) was used to select the best‐fit model to predict the response of the plant community, soil seed bank and Bray–Curtis dissimilarity index to increased grazing disturbance.

Both the plant community and seed bank showed a nonlinear change with increasing grazing disturbance. Species richness and seed density of the transient seed bank first decreased and then increased with increased disturbance, but the persistent seed bank showed a reverse trend, with an obvious threshold. Species composition of the persistent and transient seed banks exhibited little change compared to the plant community as disturbance increased. Similarities between both the persistent and transient seed banks and plant community also showed a nonlinear change with increased disturbance, while the persistent seed bank had a higher similarity with the plant community than the transient seed bank.

Synthesis: At high grazing disturbance, persistent seed banks are more important than transient seed banks in plant community regeneration. Alpine wetland ecosystems have intrinsic resilience because the persistent seed bank has a pool of species above the threshold. However, ecosystem resilience declines if the species pool of the persistent seed bank is depleted below the threshold. The restoration potential of the seed bank has limits, and it will gradually be exhausted when species losses due to increased grazing intensity exceed the threshold of state transition.
Prone restraint cardiac arrest in in‐custody and arrest‐related deaths
Authors: Weedn Victor , Steinberg Alon , Speth Pete 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe postulate that most atraumatic deaths during police restraint of subjects in the prone position are due to prone restraint cardiac arrest (PRCA), rather than from restraint asphyxia or a stress‐induced cardiac condition, such as excited delirium. The prone position restricts ventilation and diminishes pulmonary perfusion. In the setting of a police encounter, metabolic demand will be high from anxiety, stress, excitement, physical struggle, and/or stimulant drugs, leading to metabolic acidosis and requiring significant hyperventilation. Although oxygen levels may be maintained, prolonged restraint in the prone position may result in an inability to adequately blow off CO2, causing blood pCO2 levels to rise rapidly. The uncompensated metabolic acidosis (low pH) will eventually result in loss of myocyte contractility. The initial electrocardiogram rhythm will generally be either pulseless electrical activity (PEA) or asystole, indicating a noncardiac etiology, more consistent with PRCA and inconsistent with a primary role of any underlying cardiac pathology or stress‐induced cardiac etiology. We point to two animal models: in one model rats unable to breathe deeply due to an external restraint die when their metabolic demand is increased, and in the other model, pressure on the chest of rats results in decreased venous return and cardiac arrest rather than death from asphyxia. We present two cases of subjects restrained in the prone position who went into cardiac arrest and had low pHs and initial PEA cardiac rhythms. Our cases demonstrate the danger of prone restraint and serve as examples of PRCA.
Handling and standardization of EBUS needle aspiration in NSCLC patients: The value of the cell block, a monoinstitutional experience
Authors: Parente Paola , Carbonelli Cristiano , Biancofiore Giovanni , Sukthi Andi , Di Micco Concetta Martina , Vairo Matteo , Fuso Paolo , Taurchini Marco , Graziano Paolo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundLung cancer is the main cause of cancer‐related death worldwide, and 85% of all lung tumors are non‐small cell lung cancers (NSCLC). More than 60% of all lung tumors are diagnosed at an advanced stage, leading to poor prognosis. Given the growing demand for NSCLC profiling for selection of the most appropriate therapy, the acquisition of adequate tumor samples has become increasingly crucial, mostly in advanced NSCLC patients due to old age and/or comorbidities. Being a mini‐invasive sampling technique, endobronchial ultrasound‐guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS‐TBNA) represents a valuable alternative to traditional transthoracic or surgical sampling in these patients, and perfoming cell block (CB) could be crucial to maximize the potential biological information. The aim of this study is to describe a monoinstitutional interprofessional experience in handling EBUS‐TBNA and CB in 464 patients.METHODSWe retrospectively collected all the consecutive CBs obtained from EBUS TBNA performed between 2014 and 2021 on the lung lesions or mediastinal lymph nodes. All the CBs were handled in a standardized method.RESULTSA total of 95.5% (448/464 samples) of adequacy for site and 92.6% (430/464) of adequacy for diagnosis were observed. Moreover, in the adenocarcinoma histotype, ALK, ROS1 and tumor proportion score (TPS) PD‐L1 assessment by IHC was possible in 96% (140/146) of cases, and molecular profile was obtained in 93.8% (137/146) of cases. In the squamous cell carcinoma histotype, TPS PD‐L1 assessment was possible in 81% (13/16) of cases. All four CB results obtained from carcinoma NOS were adequate for ALK, ROS1 and PD‐L1 assessment and molecular profiling. All 39 metastatic samples from extra‐pulmonary primary were adequate for immunohistochemical characterization and molecular profiling. Finally, reporting of the tumor sample adequacy to the clinicians took a median time of about 30 h (range: 24–80 h).ConclusionCareful cytological smear management together with the handling and standardization of CB obtained from EBUS‐TBNA could represent an effective method to increase the adequacy of the tumor specimen for both diagnosis and molecular profile.
A review of the methods used to induce cancer in invertebrates to study its effects on the evolution of species and ecosystem functioning
Authors: Dujon Antoine M. , Boutry Justine , Tissot Sophie , Meliani Jordan , Guimard Lena , Rieu Océane , Ujvari Beata , Thomas Frédéric 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Cancer is an understudied but important process in wildlife that is predicted to have a significant effect on the evolution of metazoan species due to negative effects on host fitness. However, gaining understanding of the impact of cancer on species and ecosystems is currently relatively slow as the development of both animal models in which cancer can be induced and experiments that can be performed in an ecological setting are required. Invertebrates, because they are widely available and relatively easy to manipulate, are promising animal models.

In this review we examine how tumours can be induced in invertebrates to use them as experimental models to study the effects of cancer on the ecology and evolution of species. We identified four main groups of invertebrates (planarian, bivalves, hydra and drosophila) in which such inductions are performed. We then reviewed the types and effectiveness of the methods employed to induce tumours in those groups.

Cancer alters the phenotype of the host. We review how experiments using invertebrate models can be used to investigate the impact of cancer on tumour‐bearing individuals for their movement, reproduction, feeding behaviours, social interactions, holobiont and predation risk.

We provide recommendations to facilitate the development of new invertebrate models. We also highlight a series of key questions on the ecology and evolution of cancer that could be answered with the use of invertebrate models.
Denmark: Political Developments and Data in 2021
Authors: KOSIARA‐PEDERSEN KARINA 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCovid‐19 restrictions were lifted in 2021, leaving more room for policy initiatives from the government, which were delivered throughout the year on, for example, climate, housing, transport and decentralization. Regional/municipal elections showed that the Danish party system was still characterized by a stable core, even though some change happened. Prominent members of parliament have left the Liberals. New parties are eligible to stand for election, and a total of 12 parties are represented in Parliament, with one to two more eligible to stand for an election that was to be held June 2023 at the latest. Most interestingly, former Prime Minister Lars Løkke Rasmussen broke with the Liberals, his party of 40 years, and formed a new party, the Moderates. The Danish People's Party saw more internal disagreement, electoral decline and a new party chair.
Incidence and associations of hospital delirium diagnoses in 85,979 people with severe mental illness: A data linkage study
Authors: Bauernfreund Yehudit , Launders Naomi , Favarato Graziella , Hayes Joseph F. , Osborn David , Sampson Elizabeth L. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionDelirium is an acute neuro‐psychiatric disturbance precipitated by a range of physical stressors, with high morbidity and mortality. Little is known about its relationship with severe mental illness (SMI).MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study using linked data analyses of the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) and Hospital Episodes Statistics (HES) databases. We ascertained yearly hospital delirium incidence from 2000 to 2017 and used logistic regression to identify associations with delirium diagnosis in a population with SMI.ResultsThe cohort included 249,047 people with SMI with median follow‐up time in CPRD of 6.4 years. A total of 85,979 patients were eligible for linkage to HES. Delirium incidence increased from 0.04 (95% CI 0.02–0.07) delirium associated admissions per 100 person‐years in 2000 to 1.05 (95% CI 0.93–1.17) per 100 person‐years in 2017, increasing most notably from 2010 onwards. Delirium was associated with older age at study entry (OR 1.05 per year, 95% CI 1.05–1.06), SMI diagnosis of bipolar affective disorder (OR 1.66, 95% CI 1.44–1.93) or other psychosis (OR 1.56, 95% CI 1.35–1.80) relative to schizophrenia, and more physical comorbidities (OR 1.08 per additional comorbidity of the Charlson Comorbidity Index, 95% CI 1.02–1.14). Patients with delirium received more antipsychotic medication during follow‐up (1–2 antipsychotics OR 1.65, 95% CI 1.44–1.90; >2 antipsychotics OR 2.49, 95% CI 2.12–2.92).ConclusionsThe incidence of recorded delirium diagnoses in people with SMI has increased in recent years. Older people prescribed more antipsychotics and with more comorbidities have a higher incidence. Linked electronic health records are feasible for exploring hospital diagnoses such as delirium in SMI.
Evolution of early cerebral NIRS in hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy
Authors: Garvey Aisling A. , O'Toole John M. , Livingstone Vicki , Walsh Brian , Moore Michael , Pavel Andreea M. , Panaite Lavinia , Ryan Mary Anne , Boylan Geraldine B. , Murray Deirdre M. , Dempsey Eugene M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimTo describe early cerebral oxygenation (cSO2) and fractional tissue oxygen extraction (FTOE) values and their evolution over the first days of life in infants with all grades of hypoxic‐ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) and to determine whether cSO2 and FTOE measured early (6 and 12 h) can predict short‐term outcome.MethodsProspective, observational study of cerebral near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in infants >36 weeks' gestation with HIE. Ten one‐hour epochs of cSO2 and FTOE were extracted for each infant over the first 84 h. Infants with moderate and severe HIE received therapeutic hypothermia (TH). Abnormal outcome was defined as abnormal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and/or death.ResultsFifty‐eight infants were included (28 mild, 24 moderate, 6 severe). Median gestational age was 39.9 weeks (IQR 38.1–40.7) and birthweight was 3.35 kgs (IQR 2.97–3.71). cSO2 increased and FTOE decreased over the first 24 h in all grades of HIE. Compared to the moderate group, infants with mild HIE had significantly higher cSO2 at 6 h (p = 0.003), 9 h (p = 0.009) and 12 h (p = 0.032) and lower FTOE at 6 h (p = 0.016) and 9 h (0.029). cSO2 and FTOE at 6 and 12 h did not predict abnormal outcome.ConclusionInfants with mild HIE have higher cSO2 and lower FTOE than those with moderate or severe HIE in the first 12 h of life. cSO2 increased in all grades of HIE over the first 24 h regardless of TH status.
A cross‐sectional study of neonatal intensive care unit overcrowding and understaffing associated with bacterial outbreaks
Authors: Dahl Tone‐Merete , Solevåg Anne Lee 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimTo study whether overcrowding and/or nurse understaffing preceded four bacterial outbreaks during a 5‐year period in a Norwegian university hospital neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).MethodsA repeated cross‐sectional study based on prospectively collected data from the Norwegian neonatal network's (NNN) web‐based electronic database, digital work schedules and information about the outbreaks from logs, reports and publications. Number of admitted patients, category 4–5 patients (i.e., with the highest nurse to patient ratio), rostered nursing staff and nurse specialists were analysed in relation to periods (1) >28 days before individual outbreaks, (2) ≤28 days before, (3) during and (4) after outbreaks. Overcrowding and understaffing were compared between the four periods with Chi‐square test and post hoc analysis with Bonferroni correction.ResultsWhen all outbreaks were analysed together, overcrowding was more frequent in the periods within 28 days of outbreaks compared to the other periods (p < 0.001). For understaffing, the periods within 28 days of outbreaks were only different from the periods >28 days before outbreaks (p < 0.001). The trends regarding individual outbreaks were less consistent, but there were more category 4–5 patients before and during the outbreaks.ConclusionBacterial outbreaks in a 5‐year period were weakly associated with overcrowding and understaffing.
6 The Ecological Life of Industrial Waste
Authors: Stewart Haeden 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTThe post‐depositional afterlife of an archaeological site is often viewed as the least important aspect of its history and outside of traditional archaeological interest. In the case of industrial sites, this elision ignores one of the most important aspects of industrial history, namely the long‐term effects of toxic waste. In an era where industrial pollution and anthropogenic climate change are rapidly changing the future of life on this planet, the stakes of understanding the effects of industrial waste are vital. This article outlines a reflexive, ecologically focused archaeology that interrogates the afterlives of industrial waste, not as a method to get back to the history of production, but as a means for taking seriously these afterlives as a defining characteristic of life in the Anthropocene. Using the concept of the ecological lives of industrial waste to explore the (post)industrial history of Mill Creek Ravine—a historically important industrial area in Edmonton, Alberta— this article argues that the decomposition of industrial waste serves as both a medium for long‐term harms, as well as the locus for emergent relations and critical investigation.
Population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modelling of eplontersen, an antisense oligonucleotide in development for transthyretin amyloidosis
Authors: Diep John K. , Yu Rosie Z. , Viney Nicholas J. , Schneider Eugene , Guo Shuling , Henry Scott , Monia Brett , Geary Richard , Wang Yanfeng 
Published: July 2022

AimsTransthyretin‐mediated amyloidosis is a progressive and fatal disease caused by the build‐up of misfolded transthyretin (TTR) protein. Eplontersen is a triantennary N‐acetyl galactosamine (GalNAc3)‐conjugated antisense oligonucleotide targeting TTR messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) to inhibit production of both variant and wild‐type TTR. We aimed to develop a population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) model for eplontersen and to evaluate the impact of covariates on exposure and response.MethodsPlasma eplontersen and serum TTR concentration data were obtained from two phase 1 studies in healthy volunteers (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03728634, NCT04302064). Model development was conducted using a nonlinear mixed‐effects approach.ResultsEplontersen PK was well described by a two‐compartment model. Evaluation of demographics identified significant covariates of lean body mass on clearance and body weight on intercompartmental clearance and volumes of distribution. Population PK modelling showed the absorption rate was 29.6% greater with injection into the abdomen versus the arm. The typical population terminal elimination half‐life was 25.5 days. Serum TTR was well described by an indirect response model with inhibition of TTR production by eplontersen. Maximum fractional inhibition (Imax) was 0.970 (0.549%RSE) and the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was 0.0283 ng/ml (13.3%RSE). Simulations showed subjects with lower weight had higher exposure (AUC, Cmax), while higher Cmax was observed when comparing site of administration (ratio abdomen/arm = 1.18), but differences in exposure did not significantly impact response at evaluated doses.ConclusionThe exposure‐response relationship of eplontersen was well characterised by the PKPD model. Weight and injection site were found to affect systemic exposure, but this effect does not seem to result in clinically relevant variation in response.
Associations between symptoms of prolonged grief disorder and depression and suicidal ideation
Authors: Sekowski Marcin , Prigerson Holly G. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectivesWe examined associations between the severity of symptoms of prolonged grief disorder (PGD) and depression and recent suicidal ideation among bereaved family members.MethodsIndividuals who survived the death of a family member 1–8 year earlier (N = 225) were surveyed using self‐report measures in the cross‐sectional study. Regression analyses were conducted to test the multivariable effects of PGD and depression symptom severity—including their interactive effect—on recent suicidal ideation among the full sample and subsample of suicidal ideators (n = 38).ResultsThe severity of PGD symptoms was positively associated with frequency of recent suicidal ideation in the full sample and subsample of suicidal ideators. Depressive symptoms were positively related to suicidal ideation in the full sample; however, they were significant only in the presence of PGD symptoms in the subsample of suicidal ideators.ConclusionsSeverity of PGD and depression symptoms are positively associated with suicidal ideation among bereaved individuals, highlighting the need to attend to both PGD and depressive symptoms in understanding risk for suicidal ideation among bereaved individuals.