bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contemporary Surgical Management of Pancreatic Necrosis
Authors: Maurer Lydia R. , Fagenholz Peter J. 
Published: November 2022

ImportanceFor decades, infected or symptomatic pancreatic necrosis was managed by open surgical necrosectomy, an approach that has now been largely supplanted by an array of techniques referred to as the step-up approach.ObservationsThis review describes the evidence base behind the step-up approach, when to use the different techniques, and their technical basics. The most common treatment strategies are included: percutaneous drainage, video-assisted retroperitoneal debridement, sinus tract endoscopy, endoscopic transgastric necrosectomy, and surgical transgastric necrosectomy. Also included is the evidence base around management of common complications that can occur during step-up management, such as hemorrhage, intestinal fistula, and thrombosis, in addition to associated issues that can arise during step-up management, such as the need for cholecystectomy and disconnected pancreatic duct syndrome.Conclusions and RelevanceThe treatment strategies highlighted in this review are those most commonly used during step-up management, and this review is designed as a guide to the evidence base underlying these strategies, as surgeons tailor their therapeutic approach to individual patients.
ADMET Polymerization
Authors: Rojas Giovanni , Wagener Kenneth B. , Pribyl Julia 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Acyclic diene metathesis (ADMET) polymerization is a synthetic strategy used to prepare polyolefins decorated with precisely spaced functional groups. Offered here is a survey of monomer design and synthesis, expert advice on α,ω‐diene monomer synthesis and purification, and a guide to selecting the optimal catalyst. In light of the advances in olefin metathesis catalysts and the library of ADMET polymers prepared, a discussion of what has been learned from these carefully prepared precision polymers is presented.
Porphyrinic Metal–Organic Framework Quantum Dots for Stable n–i–p Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Liu Yinjiang , Liu Tao , Guo Xi , Hou Meichen , Yuan Yihui , Shi Se , Wang Hui , Zhang Rui‐Zhi , Galiotis Costas , Wang Ning 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAs the power‐conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic–inorganic lead halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is approaching the theoretical maximum, the most crucial issue concerns long‐term ambient stability. Here, the application of PCN‐224 quantum dots (QDs) is reported, a typical Zr‐based porphyrinic metal–organic framework (MOF), to enhance the ambient stability of PSCs. PCN‐224 QDs with abundant Lewis‐base groups (e.g., CO, C−N, CN) contribute to high‐quality perovskite films with enlarged grain size and reduced defect density by interaction with under‐coordinated Pb2+. Meanwhile, PCN‐224 QDs enable the well‐matched energy level at the perovskite/hole transport layer (HTL) interface, thereby facilitating hole extraction and transport. More importantly, PCN‐224 QDs‐treated HTL can capture Li+ from bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide additive, leading to the reduced aggregation and less direct contact with moisture for hygroscopic Li‐TFSI. Moreover, PCN‐224 QDs mitigated Li+ ion migration into the perovskite layer, thus avoiding the formation of deleterious defects. The resultant devices yield a champion PCE of 22.51%, along with substantially improved durability, including humidity, thermal and light soaking stabilities. The findings provide a new approach toward efficient and stable PSCs by applying MOF QDs.
Merging Passivation in Synthesis Enabling the Lowest Open‐Circuit Voltage Loss for PbS Quantum Dot Solar Cells
Authors: Liu Yang , Wu Hao , Shi Guozheng , Li Yusheng , Gao Yiyuan , Fang Shiwen , Tang Haodong , Chen Wei , Ma Tianshu , Khan Irfan , Wang Kai , Wang Changlei , Li Xiaofeng , Shen Qing , Liu Zeke , Ma Wanli 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe high open‐circuit voltage (Voc) loss arising from insufficient surface passivation is the main factor that limits the efficiency of current lead sulfide colloidal quantum dots (PbS CQDs) solar cell. Here, synergistic passivation is performed in the direct synthesis of conductive PbS CQD inks by introducing multifunctional ligands to well coordinate the complicated CQDs surface with the thermodynamically optimal configuration. The improved passivation effect is intactly delivered to the final photovoltaic device, leading to an order lower surface trap density and beneficial doping behavior compared to the control sample. The obtained CQD inks show the highest photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 24% for all photovoltaic PbS CQD inks, which is more than twice the reported average PLQY value of ≈10%. As a result, a high Voc of 0.71 V and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 13.3% is achieved, which results in the lowest Voc loss (0.35 eV) for the reported PbS CQD solar cells with PCE >10%, comparable to that of perovskite solar cells. This work provides valuable insights into the future CQDs passivation strategies and also demonstrates the great potential for the direct‐synthesis protocol of PbS CQDs.
RNA 5‐Methylcytosine Modification Regulates Vegetative Development Associated with H3K27 Trimethylation in Arabidopsis
Authors: Zhang Daolei , Guo Weijun , Wang Ting , Wang Yifan , Le Liang , Xu Fan , Wu Yue , Wuriyanghan Hada , Sung Zinmay Renee , Pu Li 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMethylating RNA post‐transcriptionally is emerging as a significant mechanism of gene regulation in eukaryotes. The crosstalk between RNA methylation and histone modification is critical for chromatin state and gene expression in mammals. However, it is not well understood mechanistically in plants. Here, the authors report a genome‐wide correlation between RNA 5‐cytosine methylation (m5C) and histone 3 lysine27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) in Arabidopsis. The plant‐specific Polycomb group (PcG) protein EMBRYONIC FLOWER1 (EMF1) plays dual roles as activators or repressors. Transcriptome‐wide RNA m5C profiling revealed that m5C peaks are mostly enriched in chromatin regions that lacked H3K27me3 in both wild type and emf1 mutants. EMF1 repressed the expression of m5C methyltransferase tRNA specific methyltransferase 4B (TRM4B) through H3K4me3, independent of PcG‐mediated H3K27me3 mechanism. The 5‐Cytosine methylation on targets is increased in emf1 mutants, thereby decreased the mRNA transcripts of photosynthesis and chloroplast genes. In addition, impairing EMF1 activity reduced H3K27me3 levels of PcG targets, such as starch genes, which are de‐repressed in emf1 mutants. Both EMF1‐mediated promotion and repression of gene activities via m5C and H3K27me3 are required for normal vegetative growth. Collectively, t study reveals a previously undescribed epigenetic mechanism of RNA m5C modifications and histone modifications to regulate gene expression in eukaryotes.
Testing different3Dtechniques using geometric morphometrics: Implications for cranial fluctuating asymmetry in humans
Authors: Olsen Trine Bottos , García‐Martínez Daniel , Villa Chiara 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to test the performance of 3D digitizer, CT scanner, and surface scanner in detecting cranial fluctuating asymmetry. Sets of 32 landmarks (6 in the midline and 13 bilateral) were acquired from 14 archeological crania using a 3D digitizer, and from 3D models generated from a CT scanner and surface scanner using Viewbox 4. Levels of shape variation were analyzed in MorphoJ using Procrustes analysis of variance and Principal component analysis. Intra‐observer error accounted for 1.7%, 1.8%, and 4.5% of total shape variation for 3D digitizer, CT scanner, and surface scanner respectively. Fluctuating asymmetry accounted for 15%–16% of total shape variation. Variation between techniques accounted for 18% of total shape variation. We found a higher level of missing landmarks in our surface scan data than for both 3D digitizer and CT scanner data, and both 3D model‐based techniques sometimes obscured taphonomic damage. All three 3D techniques are appropriate for measuring cranial fluctuating asymmetry. We advise against combining data collected with different techniques.
Willingness of women‐led businesses in Pakistan to join formal e‐commerce platforms
Authors: Hasan Syed M. , Mustafa Khan M. Raza , Arif Verda 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAn equitable distribution of economic benefits from the recent growth of e‐commerce in Pakistan requires inclusive adoption of formal digital marketplaces. The available literature and focused discussions reveal that most women‐led businesses rely on informal e‐commerce managed through social media applications and have incomplete and often incorrect information on the benefits and choices related to the formal platforms. To inform and motivate women‐led micro, small and medium enterprises, this study deploys an information treatment through a randomised control trial of 300 women entrepreneurs in large urban centres of Pakistan. Results show that women entrepreneurs were responsive to the information, as the treated businesses were 10 percentage points more likely to opt for formal e‐commerce than the control group. The study is policy relevant as the methodology allows simple and inexpensive replication to scale up the treatment for better business growth for women entrepreneurs in Pakistan.
Comparative anatomy of the middle cerebral artery, rhinal and endorhinal sulci, piriform lobe, entorhinal cortex, olfactory tubercule, anterior perforate substance, and hippocampus: A dissection study
Authors: Kier E. Leon , Conlogue Gerald J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe literature describing the complex anatomy of the middle cerebral artery (MCA), lenticulostriate arteries, and recurrent artery of Heubner, does not discuss the comparative anatomy of the cerebrum, MCA, the recurrent artery of Heubner, and the relationship of the MCA with the rhinal sulci. The entorhinal literature does not detail the comparative anatomic modification of the rhinal and endorhinal sulci, piriform lobe and the hippocampus's compressed positional change in the temporal lobe. This investigation's objectives were to analyze the comparative anatomic modifications of the cerebrum, the MCA, lenticulostriate arteries, recurrent artery of Heubner, olfactory tubercule, anterior perforate substance, rhinal sulcus, endorhinal sulcus, piriform lobe, entorhinal cortex, and hippocampus. Brain dissections of adult iguana, rabbit, sheep, cat, dog, macaque, human and human fetal specimens were analyzed. The MCA branches enter the striate nuclei via the endorhinal sulcus, with few branches present in the rhinal sulcus. Modifications of the cerebrum, with the development of gyri and sulci and opercula covering the insula, changes the linear surface configuration of the MCA into a tridimensional one. Similar changes are present in human fetal specimens. The cerebral neocortical expansion changes the position of the rhinal and endorhinal sulci, their relationship with the MCA, the size of the olfactory tubercule, the position and size of the piriform lobe, and the diagonal course of the lenticulostriates and recurrent artery of Heubner. The hippocampus becomes compressed in the inferomedial region of the human temporal lobe. The lenticulostriate arteries are likely the first developed component of the MCA.
Late‐stage Modification of Cage Diones by Tandem Metathesis
Authors: Kotha Sambasivarao , Mehta Gulazarahind 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHerein, we report the application of tandem ring‐opening cross‐metathesis (ROCM) and tandem ring‐opening cross‐metathesis followed by cross‐metathesis (ROCM/CM) in highly strained diastereomeric heptacyclic cage diones (HCCD's) catalyzed by ruthenium catalysts. These caged diastereomeric compounds have a high degree of ring strain as well as steric congestion. Therefore, the present work related to ROCM is unique and intricate as compared to simple norbornene derivatives. It is useful to prepare new hexacyclic cage derivatives suitable for high‐energy density materials. The synthetic strategy of starting cage compounds features the Diels‐Alder reaction, and [2+2] photocycloaddition as key steps.
No neonates without adults
Authors: Lemke Noah B. , Dickerson Amy Jean , Tomberlin Jeffery K. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWith the potential to process the world's agricultural and food waste, provide sustainable fodder for livestock, aquaculture, and pet animals, as well as act as a source of novel biomolecules, the black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens, has been launched into the leading position within the insects as feed industry. Fulfilment of these goals, however, requires mass‐rearing facilities to have a steady supply of neonate larvae, which in‐turn requires an efficient mating process to yield fertile eggs; yet, little is known about adult reproductive behavior, nor what physiological factors lead to its emergence. Moreover, fertile egg production tends to be highly variable in colony. Therefore, this review brings together what is currently known of the organismal biology of H. illucens, compiling information on adult morphology, physiology, biogeography, genomics, and behavioral ecology. As a holistic synthesis, it highlights several directions of interest for research to follow.
Electrically regulated cell‐based intervention for viral infections
Authors: Newmyer Sherri , Ssemadaali Marvin A. , Radhakrishnan Harikrishnan , Javitz Harold S. , Bhatnagar Parijat 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis work reports on an engineered cell that—when electrically stimulated—synthesizes a desired protein, that is, ES‐Biofactory. The platform has been used to express interferon (IFN)‐β as a universal antiviral protein. Compelling evidence indicates the inevitability of new pandemics and drives the need for a pan‐viral intervention that may be quickly deployed while more specific vaccines are in development. Toward this goal, a fast‐growing mammalian cell (Chassis) has been engineered with multiple synthetic elements. These include—(1) a voltage‐gated Ca2+ channel (Voltage‐Sensor) that, upon sensing the electric field, activates the (2) Ca2+‐mediated signaling pathway (Actuator) to upregulate (3) IFN‐β, via an engineered antiviral transgene (Effector), that is, ES‐Biofactory➔IFN‐β. The antiviral effects of the ES‐Biofactory➔IFN‐β have been validated on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2)‐infected cells. The irradiated ES‐Biofactory, that does not exhibit oncogenic capacity, continues to exert antiviral effect. The resulting ES‐Biofactory➔IFN‐β uses a novel signaling pathway that, unlike the natural IFN synthesis pathway, is not subject to viral interference. Once clinically validated, the ES‐Biofactory will be a universal antiviral cell therapy that can be immediately deployed in the event of an outbreak. The platform may also be useful in treating other diseases including cancer and autoimmune disorders.
The effect of EGFR‐TKIs on survival in advanced non‐small‐cell lung cancer with EGFR mutations: A real‐world study
Authors: Yu Xiaoqing , Si Jinfei , Wei Jingwen , Wang Yanling , Sun Yan , Jin Jianan , Zhang Xiaoyan , Ma Tonghui , Song Zhengbo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundFew large‐scale studies have been published using real‐world data related to overall survival (OS) improvements in advanced epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)‐mutant lung cancer patients; therefore, little is known regarding the characteristics of patients who could benefit most from EGFR‐tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Our study aimed to assess whether EGFR‐TKI treatment confers survival benefits among advanced non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients harboring EGFR mutations in the Chinese population.Patients and MethodsA total of 6451 advanced NSCLC patients were diagnosed between January 1, 2013 and June 30, 2019 in Zhejiang Cancer Hospital. Ultimately, 2864 patients with a confirmed EGFR mutation genotype were enrolled in our study. OS was measured from the time of diagnosis of advanced NSCLC until death or last follow‐up.ResultsMedian follow‐up for OS of advanced EGFR‐mutant NSCLC patients was 28.33 months in our study. Patients who received EGFR‐TKIs demonstrated better survival compared to those without EGFR‐TKI treatment (mOS: 29.77 vs. 22.97 months, p < 0.0001). A total of 451 patients switched to third‐generation EGFR‐TKI treatment and obtained a significantly better survival than those who adopted first‐line third‐generation EGFR‐TKIs or those who did not receive third‐generation EGFR‐TKIs after disease progression with first‐ or second‐generation EGFR‐TKI treatment (mOS: 38.0 vs. 32.5 vs. 28.3 months, p < 0.0001). As for EGFR genotypes, patients with exon 19 deletion showed better OS, followed by those with L858R mutation (32.4 vs. 24.83 months, p = 0.0013). NGS versus PCR testing showed no statistical differences with respect to survival outcomes (mOS: 27.5 vs. 27.47 months, p = 0.6745).ConclusionAdvanced EGFR‐mutant patients treated with EGFR‐TKIs obtained absolute superior survival in the Chinese population.
IVIG for refractory dysphagia in Antisynthetase syndrome: A truth hard to swallow
Authors: Alnoukari Mais , De La Garza Oziel Garza , Al Gburi Karrar , Patel Niral , Lopez Henderson , Shamim Muhammad , Kwang Henry 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRefractory dysphasia could be the main symptom of Antisynthetase syndrome (ASS). IVIG may have a major impact in the successful treatment of dysphasia in patients with ASS. In our patient with ASS, IVIG treatment was an unreplaceable treatment option, and the patient regains her ability to swallow within 2 days.
A rare case of sphenoid sinus lymphoma
Authors: Risavi Brian L. , Elwell Kevin , Whiteman Courtney 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMalignancy of the sphenoid sinus is rare. Tumors may extend to adjacent anatomic structures before detection and may be easily missed. Outcomes are typically poor and vary by tumor type. Clinicians should maintain vigilance for neoplastic disease in patients presenting with headache and ocular/neurological complaints of the face/sinuses.
Phospholenes from Phosphabenzenes by Selective Ring Contraction
Authors: Lin Jinxiong , Coles Nathan T. , Dettling Lea , Steiner Luca , Felix Witte J. , Paulus Beate , Müller Christian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA 3‐amino‐functionalized phosphabenzene (phosphinine) has been synthesized and structurally characterized. The pyramidalized nitrogen atom of the dimethylamino substituent indicates only a weak interaction between the lone pair of the nitrogen atom and the aromatic phosphorus heterocycle, resulting in somewhat basic character. It turned out that the amino group can indeed be protonated by HCl. In contrast to pyridines, however, the phosphabenzene‐ammonium salt undergoes a selective ring contraction to form a hydroxylphospholene oxide in the presence of additional water. Based on deuterium labeling experiments and quantum chemical calculations, a rational mechanism for this hitherto unknown conversion is proposed.
Dynamic synergistic modelling for cobalt removal process in zinc hydrometallurgy and the research of parameter estimation based on unscented Kalman filter
Authors: Wang Qianqian , An Aimin , Tang Minan , Lu Jiawei , Sun Bei 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe cobalt removal process with arsenic salt of zinc hydrometallurgy has serious non‐linearity, uncertainty, and mutual coupling. Its accurate dynamic modelling has always been a challenging problem. On the basis of in‐depth analysis of cobalt removal process and reaction mechanism, considering the cascade relationship between the reactors, a dynamic synergistic continuously stirred tank reactor (SCSTR) mechanism model of the cobalt removal process was constructed. Aiming at the unknown parameters in the SCSTR model, the idea of the Kalman filter was introduced, and the unknown parameters were characterized as unknown states; a method of estimating the unknown model parameters was developed using the augmented state equation and the unscented Kalman filter (UKF) algorithm. Simulation results with industrial data of a zinc smeltery showed that the parameter estimation model has high accuracy, and the estimated parameters can be used in the SCSTR model. An intensive simulation analysis of the dynamic characteristics of the complete SCSTR model was carried out to verify the influence of different input disturbances on the output ion concentration of each reactor, which demonstrated the excellent dynamic performance and potential of the model. Ultimately, according to the industrial calculation analysis, the SCSTR model has a guiding effect on the addition of zinc powder in the reactors, overcomes the blindness in the production process, and provides a momentous basis for the optimization control of the cobalt removal process.
Study on the electrochemical behaviour of Al3+ in LiCl‐KCl‐AlCl3 melt
Authors: Zhang Yuanjing , Zhao Jia , Lu Guimin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe electrochemical behaviour of Al3+ reduction on a tungsten electrode in LiCl‐KCl‐AlCl3 molten salt was investigated by electrochemical techniques. Using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square wave voltammetry (SWV), Al3+ was reduced to Al in one step, and Li was deposited on Al to form Al‐Li alloys of different compositions. According to chronoamperometry (CA), co‐deposition of Li‐Al alloys can be obtained at cathode current densities greater than 0.045 A cm−2 or cathode potentials lower than −2.28 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). The apparent standard potential was calculated using the equilibrium electrode potential obtained from the open‐circuit chronopotentiometry. Al3+ diffusion coefficient calculated by CV at 703 K is 0.82 × 10−5 cm2/s. In addition, the diffusion activation energy of Al3+ in LiCl‐KCl‐AlCl3 molten salt was also obtained using the Arrhenius equation. The linear polarization was used to calculate exchange current density at different temperatures. Based on the theoretical model of metal nucleation deposition developed by Scharifker and Hills, the nucleation process of Al3+ involves instantaneous nucleation in the range of 673~763 K.
Comparative study of one‐pot and facile methods to synthesize codoped CQDs with low band gap and photovoltaic properties
Authors: Fakheri Mehraneh , Fatemi Shohreh , Rahimi Kakolaki Reza 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThree different one‐pot methods of electrochemical, solvothermal, and pyrolysis were applied for the synthesis of nitrogen‐doped carbon quantum dots (N‐CQDs), N‐F codoped carbon quantum dots (CQDs), and N‐S codoped CQDs from monoethanolamine and citric acid precursors. Ammonium fluoride and/or thiourea were used as the precursors of the second dopant corporation. The effective synthesis parameters were studied on the basis of the factorial experimental design methodology to maximize absorption edge and reduce band gap in UV‐visible spectroscopy. Among the best results, the synthesized N‐F/CQDs prepared from ammonium fluoride and citric acid in monoethanolamine revealed the highest absorption edge of 650 nm, the band gap of 1.91 eV, and the particle size of 24 ± 7 nm using the pyrolysis method. The X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis indicated simultaneous doping of F and N atoms in the CQDs structure, and the photoluminescence (PL) analysis revealed excitation‐dependent properties, which are effective for optical sensor and solar cell applications.