bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and correlates of suicide attempts in high-risk populations: a cross-sectional study among patients receiving opioid agonist therapy in Norway
Authors: Vold Jørn Henrik , Løberg Else-Marie , Aas Christer F. , Steier Jan Alexander , Johansson Kjell Arne , Fadnes Lars Thore 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Death by suicide in patients enrolled in opioid agonist therapy (OAT) is a major clinical concern. However, little knowledge exists regarding suicide attempts in this patient group. This study presents the lifetime prevalence of suicide attempts and the associations between suicide attempts and clinical and sociodemographic variables such as education, sex, early onset of substance use (< 13 years of age), substance use patterns, and injecting substance use among patients receiving OAT.

Methods
We used data from a cohort of OAT patients in Norway obtained from a health assessment of self-reported suicide attempts and sociodemographic and clinical factors. A total of 595 patients receiving OAT were assessed from 2016 to 2020. A binary logistic regression analysis was performed and reported with an unadjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals (OR). The purpose of this assessment was to analyze associations between suicide attempts and substance use patterns as well as the injection of substances during the 30 days leading up to the health assessment. A negative binomial regression analysis with an incidence rate ratio and 95% confidence intervals (IRR) was performed to investigate sex, education, early onset of substance use, and the number of suicide attempts.

Results
Forty-one percent of the OAT patients had attempted to die by suicide at least once during their lifetime. An early onset of substance use was strongly associated with the suicide attempts (IRR: 1.7, 1.3–2.2). No significant association was found between suicide attempts and sex (IRR: 1.2, 0.9–1.6) or education (IRR: 0.6, 0.2–2.1). Likewise, no association was identified between suicide attempts and injecting substance use (OR: 0.9, 0.6–1.3), nor using alcohol (OR: 0.9, 0.7–1.3), amphetamines (OR: 1.0, 0.7–1.3), benzodiazepines (OR: 1.0, 0.7–1.4), cannabis (OR: 1.2, 0.9–1.7), cocaine (OR: 1.3, 0.6–3.0), or opioids (OR: 1.4, 0.9–2.0).

Conclusion
The lifetime prevalence of suicide attempts was alarmingly high in the OAT population. An early onset of substance use seemed to be an important risk factor for suicide attempts. There was a non-significant association to more current use of opioids among OAT patients with previous suicide attempts.
Respiratory MUC5B disproportion is involved in severe community-acquired pneumonia
Authors: Fan Lu , Lu Yi , Wang Yan , Zhang Xiaomin , Wu Yuxuan , Sun Hao , Zhang Jinsong 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Mucus production is a process involved in the pathogenesis of Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). The study is to determine Mucin 5B (MUC5B) protein concentration and its proportion in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of CAP patients and evaluate its value to help assess disease severity.

Methods
A total of 118 patients were enrolled in this cross-sectional study, including 45 with severe CAP (SCAP) and 73 with non-severe CAP (NSCAP). MUC5B concentration in BALF were determined by immunoblotting analysis. Total protein concentration of BALF was detected by Pierce BCA kit. Cytokines IL6, IL10, IFNγ, IL13, and IL17 in BALF were measured using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Spearman’s correlation analysis was applied to evaluate the relationships between MUC5B concentration or MUC5B/total protein ratio and the CURB-65 score, as well as cytokines. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the independent factors associated with severe CAP. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the assessment value of MUC5B/total protein ratio and other indexes for CAP severity.

Results
MUC5B concentration in the BALF of NSCAP group was higher than that in SCAP group [NSCAP 13.56 µg/ml (IQR 5.92–25.79) vs. SCAP 8.20 µg/ml (IQR 4.97–14.03), p = 0.011]. The total protein concentration in the BALF of NSCAP group was lower than that in SCAP group [NSCAP 0.38 mg/ml (IQR 0.15–1.10) vs. SCAP 0.68 mg/ml (IQR 0.46–1.69), p = 0.002]. The MUC5B/total protein ratio was remarkably higher in NSCAP group than that in SCAP groups [NSCAP 3.66% (IQR 1.50–5.56%) vs. SCAP 1.38% (IQR 0.73–1.76%), p < 0.001]. MUC5B/total protein ratio was negatively correlated with total protein concentration (rs = − 0.576, p < 0.001), IL6 (rs = − 0.312, p = 0.001), IL10 (rs = − 0.228, p = 0.013), IL13 (rs = − 0.183, p = 0.048), IL17 (rs = − 0.282, p = 0.002) and CURB-65 score (rs = − 0.239, p = 0.009). Logistic regression identified that MUC5B/total protein ratio, IL6 level and CURB-65 score as independent variables related to CAP severity. ROC curve demonstrated best assessment value of MUC5B/total protein ratio for SCAP (AUC 0.803, p < 0.001), with a sensitivity of 88.9% and a specificity of 64.4%.

Conclusions
Respiratory MUC5B disproportion is related to CAP severity. MUC5B/total protein ratio may serve as an assessment marker and a potential therapeutic target for severe CAP.
Dexmedetomidine versus propofol sedation in flexible bronchoscopy: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Pertzov Barak , Krasulya Boris , Azem Karam , Shostak Yael , Izhakian Shimon , Rosengarten Dror , kharchenko Svetlana , Kramer Mordechai R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Dexmedetomidine (DEX), is a highly selective alpha2 adrenoceptor (α2-AR) agonist, successfully used in various procedures including flexible bronchoscopy. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating DEX sedation during bronchoscopy report equivocal results regarding respiratory and hemodynamic outcomes.

Methods
We conducted an RCT to evaluate the efficacy and safety of dexmedetomidine compared to propofol for sedation during bronchoscopy. The primary outcome was the number of desaturation events, secondary outcomes were transcutaneous Pco2 level, hemodynamic adverse events and physician and patient satisfaction.

Results
Overall, 63 patients were included, 30 and 33 in the DEX and propofol groups, respectively. The number of desaturation events was similar between groups, median (IQR) 1 (0–1) and 1 (0–2) in the DEX and control groups, respectively (P = 0.29). Median desaturation time was 1 (0–2) and 1 (0–3) minutes in the DEX and control groups, respectively (P = 0.48). Adverse events included hypotension, 33% vs 21.1% in intervention and control groups, respectively (P = 0.04), bradycardia, cough, and delayed recovery from sedation. Total adverse events were 22 and 7 in DEX and propofol groups, respectively (P = 0.009).

Conclusion
Dexmedetomidine sedation during bronchoscopy did not show differences in oxygen saturation and transcutaneous CO2 level in comparison to propofol. Moreover, DEX sedation required a significantly higher number of rescue boluses, due to inadequate sedation and was associated with a higher rate of adverse events.
Trial registration NCT04211298, registration date: 26.12.2019.
Spinopelvic alignment and low back pain after total hip arthroplasty: a scoping review
Authors: Pourahmadi Mohammadreza , Sahebalam Mohammad , Dommerholt Jan , Delavari Somayeh , Mohseni-Bandpei Mohammad Ali , Keshtkar Abbasali , Fernández-de-Las-Peñas César , Mansournia Mohammad Ali 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objective
Spinopelvic alignment is increasingly considered as an essential factor for maintaining an energy-efficient posture in individuals with normal or pathological status. Although several previous studies have shown that changes in the sagittal spinopelvic alignment may occur in patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA), no review of this area has been completed so far. Thus, the objective of this scoping review was to summarize the evidence investigating changes in spinopelvic alignment and low back pain (LBP) following THA.

Data sources
We adhered to the established methodology for scoping reviews. Four electronic databases were systematically searched from inception-December 31, 2021.

Study selection
We selected prospective or retrospective observational or intervention studies that included patients with THA.

Data extraction
Data extraction and levels of evidence were independently performed using standardized checklists.

Data synthesis
A total of 45 papers were included in this scoping review, involving 5185 participants with THA. Pelvic tilt was the most common parameter measured in the eligible studies (n = 26). The results were not consistent across all studies; however, it was demonstrated that the distribution of pelvic tilt following THA had a range of 25° posterior to 20° anterior. Moreover, decreased sacral slope and lower pelvic incidence were associated with increased risk of dislocation in patients with THA. Lumbar spine scoliosis did not change significantly after THA in patients with bilateral hip osteoarthritis (5.50°(1.16°) vs. 3.73°(1.16°); P-value = 0.29). Finally, one study indicated that LBP improvement was not correlated with postoperative changes in spinopelvic alignment parameters. Several methodological issues were addressed in this study, including no sample size calculation and no type-I error adjustment for outcome multiplicity.

Conclusions
Changes in spinopelvic alignment may occur after THA and may improve with time. Patients with a THA dislocation usually show abnormal spinopelvic alignment compared to patients without a THA dislocation. LBP usually improves markedly over time following THA.
Evaluation of anticandidal activities and phytochemical examination of extracts prepared from Vitex agnus-castus: a possible alternative in treating candidiasis infections
Authors: Al-Otibi Fatima O. , Alrumaizan Ghaida I. , Alharbi Raedah I. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Candidiasis infection is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Fungicidal resistance of some commercially used fungicides ascended the need for a naturally effective alternative. The current study aimed to evaluate the fungicidal activity of Vitex agnus-castus extracts in vitro against some Candida species.

Methods
The bioactive compounds contained in the crude and alcoholic extracts were compared, and the antioxidant activity was tested, as well. The phytochemical analysis was carried out by Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). The scavenger activity of the tested extracts was tested, as well. The anticandidal activity was tested to detect the effect of the tested extracts on the mycelial growth of Candida albicans, Candida krusei, Candida parapsilosis, Candia tropicalis, Candida famata, Candida rhodotorula, and Candida dublinesis. The minimum inhibitory concentrations were calculated for all reported activities. The Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and the Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) were used to detect the morphological and ultrastructure response in some selected species.

Results
FTIR and GC/MS revealed the existence of different bioactive chemical groups such as polyphenols, fatty acids, terpenes, terpenoids, steroids, aldehydes, alcohols, and esters, phytol which is a diterpene. DPPH results confirmed the antioxidant activity of all extracts where the methanolic extract was the strongest scavenging substrate. All extracts showed strong inhibitory effects against different species at a concentration of 200 µg/ml (P < 0.001). SEM and TEM showed morphological and ultrastructure changes in C. famata.

Conclusion
The current study suggested a reliable antifungal activity of different extracts of Vitex agnus-castus against different Candida species and strains. However, further studies are required to confirm the safety of these extracts to be used in medical applications.
Traditional and complementary medicine use among cancer patients in Nepal: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Choi Soo Jeung , Kunwor Sangita Karki , Im Hyea Bin , Hwang Jung Hye , Choi Dain , Han Dongwoon 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundTraditional and complementary medicine (T&CM) is commonly used in South Asian countries such as Nepal. There are various causes and contributing factors for patients with cancer to consider using T&CM. However, little is known about the use of T&CM among the cancer population in this region.MethodsThe study followed a cross-sectional design using a structured survey questionnaire. Survey participants were recruited from two National hospitals in Kathmandu, Nepal. The survey instrument comprised 30 questions, including variables on demographics, use of T&CM, and perceived level of disease severity, and cancer treatment. Chi-square test and logistic regression were used for data analysis using SPSS ver. 23.0.ResultsOf 908 participants, 31.6% used one or more modalities of T&CM after a cancer diagnosis. The most commonly used T&CM was Ayurveda (46.5%), followed by yoga (32.4%). About 46% of T&CM users discussed their use with their doctors. The main source of information on T&CM was their family members and relatives (55.7%). Cancer type (head and neck cancer OR: 2.30, CI: 1.23–4.29; abdominal cancer OR: 2.69, CI: 1.47–4.95; lung cancer OR: 5.88, CI: 2.69–12.89), cancer stage (Stage I OR: 1.92¸CI: 1.14–3.25; Stage II OR: 1.76, CI: 1.06–2.94), and the patients’ self-rated disease severity (high perceived severity OR: 1.50, CI: 1.05–2.16) were strong predictors of T&CM use.ConclusionThis study underlined that despite the widespread use of T&CM among cancer patients in Nepal, most patients obtained information on T&CM from informal sources and did not disclose their use to physicians. To ensure the safe use of T&CM modalities, physicians should integrate questions on T&CM use into routine patient assessments in order to facilitate active communication and improve the quality of care.
Acceptability and feasibility of HIV recent infection surveillance by healthcare workers using a rapid test for recent infection at HIV testing sites — Malawi, 2019
Authors: Arons Melissa M. , Curran Kathryn G. , Msukwa Malango , Theu Joe , O’Malley Gabrielle , Ernst Alexandra , Namakhoma Ireen , Bello George , Telford Carson , Shanmugam Vedapuri , Parekh Bharat , Kim Evelyn , Dobbs Trudy , Payne Danielle , Gugsa Salem 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
The Malawi Ministry of Health implemented a new surveillance activity in April 2019 to detect recent HIV infections using a rapid test for recent infection (RTRI) to identify areas of ongoing transmission and guide response activities.

Setting
At 23 health facilities in Blantyre District, healthcare workers (HCWs) were trained to conduct recent infection testing. In September 2019, we conducted a cross-sectional survey at these sites to explore the acceptability and feasibility of integrating this activity into routine HIV testing services (HTS).

Methods
Research assistants interviewed HCWs using a semi-structured survey. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize quantitative responses and thematic analysis was used to group open-ended text.

Results
We interviewed 119 HCWs. Eighty-two percent of participants reported the RTRI was easy-to-use. HCWs perceived high client acceptability; 100% reported clients as ‘somewhat’ or ‘very accepting’. Challenges included 68% of HCWs estimating they spend ≥20 min beyond routine HTS per client for this activity and 51% performing at least two additional finger pricks to complete the testing algorithm. HCWs differed in their perceptions of whether results should be returned to clients.

Conclusion
This study assessed HCW experiences using point-of-care RTRIs for HIV recent infection surveillance. Overall, HCWs perceived RTRIs to be acceptable, easy-to-use, and valuable. Though only clients with new HIV diagnoses are tested for recent infection, additional time may be substantial at high-volume health service delivery points. Providing response plans or aggregated recent infection results to HCWs and/or clients may support motivation and sustainability of this novel surveillance activity.
“The real pandemic’s been there forever”: qualitative perspectives of domestic and family violence workforce in Australia during COVID-19
Authors: Baffsky Rachel , Beek Kristen , Wayland Sarah , Shanthosh Janani , Henry Amanda , Cullen Patricia 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
In 2020, Australia, like most countries, introduced restrictions related to the global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Frontline services in the domestic and family violence (DFV) sector had to adapt and innovate to continue supporting clients who were experiencing and/or at risk of DFV. There is a need to understand from the perspective of those on the frontline how DFV service responses in different contexts impacted their working conditions and subsequent wellbeing, and what they want to see continued in ‘the new normal’ to inform future effective practices. We address this by reporting on findings from in-depth interviews conducted with practitioners and managers from the DFV sector in Australia.

Methods
Between July and September 2020 semi-structured interviews were conducted with 51 DFV practitioners and managers from a range of services and specialisations across legal, housing, health and social care services. The data was analysed using iterative thematic analysis.

Results
The most common service adaptations reported were shifting to outreach models of care, introducing infection control procedures and adopting telehealth/digital service delivery. Adjacent to these changes, participants described how these adaptations created implementation challenges including increased workload, maintaining quality and safety, and rising costs. Impacts on practitioners were largely attributed to the shift towards remote working with a collision in their work and home life and increased risk of vicarious trauma. Despite these challenges, most expressed a sense of achievement in how their service was responding to COVID-19, with several adaptations that practitioners and managers wanted to see continued in ‘the new normal’, including flexible working and wellbeing initiatives.

Conclusions
The pandemic has amplified existing challenges for those experiencing DFV as well as those working on the frontline of DFV. Our findings point to the diversity in workforce experiences and has elucidated valuable lessons to shape future service delivery. Given the continuing impacts of the pandemic on DFV, this study provides timely insight and impetus to strengthen the implementation of remote working and telehealth/digital support across the DFV sector and to inform better supports for DFV workforce wellbeing in Australia and other contexts.

Trial registration
Not a clinical intervention.
The regulation of autophagy by the miR-199a-5p/p62 axis was a potential mechanism of small cell lung cancer cisplatin resistance
Authors: Li Tiezhi , Zhang Helin , Wang Zhichao , Gao Shaolin , Zhang Xu , Zhu Haiyong , Wang Na , Li Honglin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundAutophagy has been found to be involved in the multidrug resistance (MDR) of cancers, but whether it is associated with resistance of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) has not been studied. Here, we hypothesized that a potential autophagy-regulating miRNA, miR-199a-5p, regulated cisplatin-resistant SCLC.MethodsWe validated the MDR of H446/EP using CCK-8 and LDH. We tested the binding of miR-199a-5p to p62 using the Dual-Luciferase assay and validated the association of miR-199a-5p and p62 in SCLC samples. We overexpressed (OE) and knocked down (KD) miR-199a-5p in H446 and H446/EP and determined the expression of miR-199a-5p, autophagy-related proteins, and the formation of autophagolysosomes using QPCR, western blotting, and MDC staining respectively. These results were validated in an orthotopic H446 mouse model of SCLC.ResultsH446/EP was resistant to cisplatin, etoposide, paclitexal, epirubicin, irinotecan, and vinorelbine. Exposure of cisplatin at 5 μg/ml for 24 h increased LC3II/LC3I, ATG5, p62, and the formation of autophagolysosomes in H446 cells, but not in H446/EP cells. The expression of miR-199a-5p was up-regulated in H446/EP compared to H446. MiR-199a-5p directly targeted the p62 gene. The expression of miR-199a-5p and p62 were correlated in SCLC samples. In H446 and H69PR, the OE of miR-199a-5p increased LC3II/LC3I, p62, and the formation of autophagolysosomes, but not ATG5, while the KD of miR-199a-5p decreased p62, but did not affect LC3II/LC3I, ATG5, and the formation of autophagolysosomes. In H446/EP, the OE of miR-199a-5p decreased p62 only. These results were generally consistent to results in the animal tumor samples.ConclusionsThe regulation of autophagy by the miR-199a-5p/p62 axis was a potential mechanism of small cell lung cancer cisplatin resistance.
NCAPG facilitates colorectal cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion and epithelial–mesenchymal transition by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway
Authors: Shi Yanlong , Ge Chang , Fang Debao , Wei Wei , Li Li , Wei Qian , Yu Hongzhu 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
The condensation complex gene non-SMC condensin I complex subunit G(NCAPG), a cell cycle-associated condensin, is over-expressed in various cancers. However, its biological function in colorectal cancer (CRC) has yet to be deciphered. In this study, we investigated the role of NCAPG in CRC progression.

Methods
Tissues and cells were used to measure NCAPG expression levels and their association with clinicopathological characteristics. NCAPG silencing and overexpression in CRC cells were used to measure its effect on proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) progression. In addition, mRNA, and protein expression levels of key EMT biomarkers were measured. The underlying mechanism of NCAPG modulating CRC progression was further explored using western blotting, co-immunoprecipitation (CO-IP), and immunofluorescence (IF) assays.

Results
NCAPG was over-expressed in CRC tissues and cell lines. High expression levels were associated with differentiation levels, lymph metastasis, and vascular invasion in patients. NCAPG silencing suppressed, while NCAPG overexpression promoted the proliferative, migration, and invasive capacity of HCT116 and SW480 cells. Mechanistically, we discovered that NCAPG participated in regulating the EMT process and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway to facilitate CRC invasion and metastasis. Additional experiments demonstrated that NCAPG activated the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by binding to β-catenin in CRC cells.

Conclusion
NCAPG acts as an oncogene involved in the development and progression of CRC by binding to β-catenin to activate the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.