bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of dynamic OBE model to quantify student performance
Authors: Chan Mieow Kee , Wang Chan Chin , Arbai Azri Adi B. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOutcome‐based education (OBE) is widely adopted in engineering programs worldwide. However, the conventional methods often involve arbitrary procedures requiring lecturers to assume initial values in defining the OBE matrices. This may lead to the mismatch between the students' program outcomes (PO) attainment with the stakeholders' expectations. Thus, a dynamic OBE model by explicitly incorporating the assessment marks into the OBE matrices is introduced and verified quantitatively and qualitatively. Network models were used to visualize the connections between the assessment tools with specific CO and PO to demonstrate how the OBE is measured and improved. The qualitative data from the surveys involved year one chemical engineering students aged between 20 and 22, who attended both Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamic courses in the particular semester. These subjects measured PO, namely engineering knowledge and problem analysis, which are fundamental to an engineering program. The quantitative data were compared to verify the hypotheses with a reference scheme defined to measure the success rate. The results reveal a 67% success rate in matching the lecturer ratings on the same PO measured from student performance. The correlation comparisons showed that the dynamic OBE model attained higher accuracy, indicating that the PO scores aligned closely with actual student performances. The comparison on matching the respective PO scores between the two courses shows a poor success rate of 44%, indicating that the student performances on PO are not equally the same. The dynamic OBE model has effectively measured the PO from the hypotheses on stakeholders' perspectives.
Time‐Dependent Hydrogen Bond Network Formation in Glycerol‐Based Deep Eutectic Solvents
Authors: Dziubinska‐Kühn Katarzyna , Pupier Marion , Matysik Jörg , Viger‐Gravel Jasmine , Karg Beatrice , Kowalska Magdalena 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOver the last few years, Deep Eutectic Solvents have gained popularity as a novel class of green solvents, due to their feasible synthesis and overall low production costs. The properties of glycerol (Gly)‐based Deep Eutectic Solvents are frequently associated with the formation of an extended hydrogen bond network. In this study, two‐dimensional Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is employed to analyse the effect of glycerol oversaturation of the hydrogen bond acceptor, choline chloride (ChCl) on the structural arrangement of glyceline (molar ratio 1 : 2 ChCl:Gly), selected to represent Gly‐based Deep Eutectic Solvents. The rearrangement of glycerol molecules, additionally trapping water molecules inside of isolated clusters, is revealed during a time‐resolved analysis, performed in the presence of various fractions of water added to solvent. 200 % oversaturated Deep Eutectic Solvent (1 : 4 ChCl:Gly) is found to be a suitable cryoprotectant candidate, based on the revealed glycerol‐water interactions.
Inactivation Kinetics of G‐Quadruplex/Hemin Complex and Optimization for More Reliable Catalysis
Authors: Monte Carlo Anthony R. , Fu Jinglin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractReliable catalysis is critical for the synthesis of various chemicals, molecular sensing and biomedicine. G‐quadruplex/Hemin (GQH) complex, a peroxidase‐mimicking DNAzyme, has been widely used in various publications. However, a concern exists about the unstable kinetics of GQH‐catalyzed peroxidation. This work investigates several factors that result in the inactivation of GQH and the signal degradation during long reaction periods, including pH, buffer component, the selection of substrate and the oxidation damage of cofactor. Using colorimetric and fluorescent assays, GQH was found to be highly unstable under basic conditions with 50 % of GQH activity lost within 2 minutes at high H2O2 concentrations. Appropriate conditions and substrates are suggested for accurately characterizing GQH‐catalyzed reactions, as well as optimization to improve the catalytic reliability, such as the use of polyhistidine and cascade reactions. These results could be useful for GQH‐related applications.
Long‐Term Energy Storage Systems Based on the Dihydroazulene/Vinylheptafulvene Photo‐/Thermoswitch
Authors: Schøttler Christina , Vegge Siri Krogh , Cacciarini Martina , Nielsen Mogens Brøndsted 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe dihydroazulene/vinylheptafulvene (DHA/VHF) couple presents a photo‐/thermoswitch that has attracted interest for the development of molecular solar thermal energy storage systems. Here we present the synthesis and optical properties as well as the switching properties of DHA derivatives incorporating alkyne and norbornadiene (NBD) substituents at position C2. The corresponding VHF isomers exhibited remarkably long lifetimes. Thus, the VHF‐to‐DHA back‐reaction half‐life for a derivative with a phenylethynyl substituent was 22 days in acetonitrile at room temperature, while the half‐life of a VHF reference compound having a phenyl substituent is around 3.5 h under the same conditions. This finding is particularly attractive in the quest for long‐term energy storage systems, considering limited enhancement of molecular weight and maintenance of good quantum yield photoisomerization. Moreover, from the thermal back‐reaction of an NBD compound, used as a precursor for the DHA‐NBD dyad, we estimated the radical‐stabilizing influence of a C(Me)=C(CN)2 substituent.
A Family of Planar Luminogens with Active Photoluminescence in both Dispersion and Aggregation States
Authors: Hu Renjian , Lin Shiyun , Huang Hongye , Xie Wensheng , Wang Mengshi , Li Ruoxin , Tian Mei , Shuai Zhigang , Wei Yen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMolecular skeletons with active photoluminescence emission in both dispersed and aggregated states are important for diverse applications. As planarization of molecular configuration in the excited state has been shown to be a critical precondition for efficient emission, developing luminogens with pristine planar geometry seem to be the most straightforward approach. However, conventional planar ACQ‐type (aggregation‐caused quenching) luminogens (e. g. perylene) or novel planar AIE‐type (aggregation‐induced emission) luminogens exhibit week emission in the aggregated or dispersed states, respectively. Herein, we describe the synthesis of a family of pristine planar luminogens which demonstrate photoluminescence in both the dispersion and aggregation states. The avoidance of a concentration quenching effect in the solid state could be attributed to weakened π–π interactions within the herringbone featured crystal structures based on experimental and theoretical evidence. We further investigated the potential applications of these luminogens in cell imaging.
The COPILOT Raw Illumina Genotyping QC Protocol
Authors: Patel Hamel , Lee Sang‐Hyuck , Breen Gerome , Menzel Stephen , Ojewunmi Oyesola , Dobson Richard J.B. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe Illumina genotyping microarrays generate data in image format, which is processed by the platform‐specific software GenomeStudio, followed by an array of complex bioinformatics analyses that rely on various software, different programming languages, and numerous dependencies to be installed and configured correctly. The entire process can be time‐consuming, can lead to reproducibility errors, and can be a daunting task for bioinformaticians. To address this, we introduce the COPILOT protocol, which has been successfully used to transform raw Illumina genotype intensity data into high‐quality analysis‐ready data on tens of thousands of human patient samples that have been genotyped on a variety of Illumina genotyping arrays. This includes processing both mainstream and custom content genotyping chips with over 4 million markers per sample.The COPILOT QC protocol consists of two distinct tandem procedures to process raw Illumina genotyping data. The first protocol is an up‐to‐date process to systematically QC raw Illumina microarray genotyping data using the Illumina‐specific GenomeStudio software. The second protocol takes the output from the first protocol and further processes the data through the COPILOT (Containerised wOrkflow for Processing ILlumina genOtyping daTa) containerized QC pipeline, to automate an array of complex bioinformatics analyses to improve data quality through a secondary clustering algorithm and to automatically identify typical Genome‐Wide Association Study (GWAS) data issues, including gender discrepancies, heterozygosity outliers, related individuals, and population outliers, through ancestry estimation. The data is returned to the user in analysis‐ready PLINK binary format and is accompanied by a comprehensive and interactive HTML summary report file which quickly helps the user understand the data and guides the user for further data analyses. The COPILOT protocol and containerized pipeline are also available at https://khp‐informatics.github.io/COPILOT/index.html. © 2022 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Processing raw Illumina genotyping data using GenomeStudioBasic Protocol 2: COPILOT: A containerised workflow for processing Illumina genotyping data
PRDM16 expression and function in mammalian cochlear development
Authors: Ebeid Michael , Barnas Kathy , Zhang Hongji , Yaghmour Amal , Noreikaite Gabriele , Bjork Bryan C. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundPR domain containing 16 (PRDM16) is a key transcriptional regulator in the development of craniofacial, adipose, and neural tissues. Our lab identified PRDM16 expression in the epithelial cells of the Kölliker's organ (KO) that starts at ~E13.5 and is maintained until KO disappearance. A transgenic mouse model that carries a gene trap null allele of Prdm16 (Prdm16cGT) was used to characterize the impact of Prdm16 loss on cochlear development.ResultsAt P0 Prdm16cGT null cochlea exhibited hypoplastic KO, shortened cochlear duct, increased density of hair cells (HCs) and supporting cells (SCs) in the apical turn as well as multiple isolated ectopic HCs within the KO domain. KO epithelial cells proliferation rate was reduced in the apical turn of the developing Prdm16cGT null cochlea vs controls. Bulk RNA sequencing of cochlear duct cells at E14.5 followed by quantitative real time PCR and mRNA Fluorescence in‐situ hybridization (FISH) validation identified differentially expressed genes in Prdm16cGT null vs littermate control cochleae. Upregulated genes at E14.5 included Fgf20, as well as several Notch pathway genes (Lfng, Hes1, and Jag1).ConclusionsThis study characterizes Prdm16 expression during cochlear development and establishes its requirement for KO development.
Assessment of cardiac recovery in patients supported with venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Vuthoori Ravi , Heaney Cassandra , Lima Brian , Knisel Alexis , Miller Ed , Kennedy Kevin , Majure David , Stevens Gerin , Bocchieri Karl , Cassiere Hugh , Fernandez Harold , Maybaum Simon 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimsVenoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA‐ECMO) is increasingly being used to support patients in cardiogenic shock (CS). Early determination of disposition is paramount, as longer durations of support have been associated with worse outcomes. We describe a stepwise, bedside weaning protocol to assess cardiopulmonary recovery during VA‐ECMO.Methods and resultsOver 1 year, we considered all patients on VA‐ECMO for CS for the Weaning Protocol (WP) at our centre. During the WP, patients had invasive haemodynamic monitoring, echocardiography, and blood gas analysis while flow was reduced in 1 LPM decrements. Ultimately, the circuit was clamped for 30 min, and final measures were taken. Patients were described as having durable recovery (DR) if they were free of pharmacological and mechanical support at 30 days post‐decannulation. Over 12 months, 34 patients had VA‐ECMO for CS. Fourteen patients were eligible for the WP at 4–12 days. Ten patients tolerated full flow reduction and were successfully decannulated. Twenty‐four per cent of the entire cohort demonstrated DR with no adverse events during the WP. Patients with DR had significantly higher ejection fraction, cardiac index, and smaller left ventricular size at lowest flow during the WP.ConclusionsWe describe a safe, stepwise, bedside weaning protocol to assess cardiac recovery during VA‐ECMO. Early identification of patients more likely to recover may improve outcomes during ECMO support.
Aminoalcohol‐functionalization of Alkali Palm Oil Fiber and Application as Electrochemical Sensor for 2‐Nitrophenol Determination
Authors: Deussi Ngaha Marcel Cédric , Kougoum Tchieda Victor , Kamdem Tamo Arnaud , Doungmo Giscard , Njanja Evangéline , Kenfack Tonle Ignas 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA simple and fast electrochemical method based on aminoalcohol‐functionalized palm oil fiber modified carbon paste electrode (TEA‐POF/CPE) has been used for the electroanalysis of 2‐nitrophenol (2‐NP). The aminoalcohol‐functionalized palm oil fiber (TEA‐POF) was prepared by chemical grafting of triethanolamine (TEA) onto the surface of alkali material. The grafted material was characterized by some physico‐chemical techniques. The electrochemical results showed that the TEA‐POF/CPE exhibited more sensitive response towards the 2‐NP reduction and allowed to estimate a low detection limit of 1.26 μM (S/N=3). Finally, the sensor has been selective and successfully applied to the 2‐NP detection in real water samples.
Diffusiophoresis of a moderately charged spherical colloidal particle
Authors: Ohshima Hiroyuki 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAn analytic expression is obtained for the diffusiophoretic mobility of a charged spherical colloidal particle in a symmetrical electrolyte solution. The obtained expression, which is expressed in terms of exponential integrals, is correct to the third order of the particle zeta potential so that it is applicable for colloidal particles with low and moderate zeta potentials at arbitrary values of the electrical double‐layer thickness. This is an improvement of the mobility formula derived by Keh and Wei, which is correct to the second order of the particle zeta potential. This correction, which is related to the electrophoresis component of diffusiophoresis, becomes more significant as the difference between the ionic drag coefficients of electrolyte cations and anions becomes larger and vanishes in the limit of thin or thick double layer. A simpler approximate mobility expression is further obtained that does not involve exponential integrals.
A novel hybrid algorithm based on rat swarm optimization and pattern search for parameter extraction of solar photovoltaic models
Authors: Eslami Mahdiyeh , Akbari Ehsan , Seyed Sadr Seyed T. , Ibrahim Banar F. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractParameter extraction of photovoltaic (PV) models based on measured current–voltage data plays an important role in the control, simulation, and optimization of PV systems. Despite the fact that various parameter extraction strategies have been dedicated to solving this problem, they may have certain drawbacks. In this paper, an effective hybrid optimization method based on adaptive rat swarm optimization (ARSO) and pattern search (PS) is presented for effectively and consistently extracting PV parameters. The proposed method employs the global search ability of ARSO and the local search ability of PS. The performance of the new algorithm is investigated using a set of benchmark test functions, and the results are compared with those of the standard RSO and some other methods from the literature. The extraction of parameters from several PV models, such as single‐diode, double‐diode, and PV modules, confirms the performance of the suggested method. Simulation results show that the proposed method surpasses other state‐of‐the‐art procedures in terms of accuracy, reliability, and convergence speed.
Using calibrated surface roughness dating to estimate coastal dune ages at K'gari (Fraser Island) and the Cooloola Sand Mass, Australia
Authors: Patton Nicholas R. , Shulmeister James , Rittenour Tammy M. , Almond Peter , Ellerton Daniel , Santini Talitha 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHere we present a novel application of landscape smoothing with time to generate a detailed chronology of a large and complex dune field. K'gari (Fraser Island) and the Cooloola Sand Mass (CSM) dune fields host thousands of emplaced (relict) and active onlapping parabolic dunes that span 800 000 years in age. While the dune fields have a dating framework, their sheer size (~1930 km2) makes high‐resolution dating of the entire system infeasible. Leveraging newly acquired (n = 8) and previously published (n = 20) optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) ages from K'gari and the CSM, we estimate the age of Holocene dunes by building a surface roughness (σC)–age relationship model. In this study, we defineσCas the standard deviation of topographic curvature for a dune area and we demonstrate an exponential relationship (r2 = 0.942, RMSE = 0.892 ka) betweenσCand timing of dune emplacement on the CSM. This relationship is validated using ages from K'gari. We calculateσCutilizing a 5 m digital elevation model and apply our model to predict the ages of 726 individually delineated Holocene dunes. The timing of dune emplacement events is assessed by plotting cumulative probability density functions derived from both measured and predicted dune ages. We demonstrate that both dune fields had four major phases of dune emplacement, peaking at <0.5, ~1.5, ~4, and ~8.5 ka. We observe that our predicted dune ages did not create or remove major events when compared to the OSL‐dated sequence, but instead reinforced these patterns. Our study highlights thatσC–age modelling can be an easily applied relative or absolute dating tool for dune fields globally. This systematic approach can fill in chronological gaps using only high‐resolution elevation data (3–20 m resolution) and a limited set of dune ages.
A Blockchain‐based Framework for Privacy Preservation of Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
Authors: Kaur Jasleen , Rani Rinkle , Kalra Nidhi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHealthcare Records are becoming more valuable than ever due to the emergence of various new diseases and the current pandemic. These records are scattered throughout multiple healthcare providers in several places. Keeping them in physical form is time‐consuming; thus, they need to be kept in electronic form. Electronic Healthcare Records (EHRs) are mostly managed at the individual company level, creating a single point of failure and exposing users to various security risks, including amateur‐level attacks and data breaches by hackers. This article proposes a permissioned blockchain‐based framework to overcome the above issues for secured storage and sharing of EHRs over the network. For the overall implementation of the framework Hyperledger Fabric (HLF), InterPlanetary Distributed File System (IPFS), and Identity Based Proxy Re‐Encryption (IB‐PRE) algorithm are used. To create proposed blockchain network, HLF is used. To manage EHRs on the blockchain, IPFS is used where the actual encrypted massive data is stored off‐chain, and their corresponding hash values are stored on the blockchain. Further, IB‐PRE algorithm is used to share EHRs in a safe manner, where a proxy node retrieves requested data from IPFS, performs re‐encryption, and returns the re‐encrypted data to the requester thus, ensures user privacy and data integrity. Finally, the Hyperledger Caliper tool is used to run a performance test to check the system efficiency in terms of throughput and latency. Features and performance‐based comparisons of the proposed and existing related work are made to demonstrate the effectiveness.
Protective effect of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver male flowers on ethanol‐induced DNA damage in mouse cerebellum and cerebral cortex
Authors: Ding Yanxia , Wu Yantong , Chen Juan , Zhou Zhaoli , Zhao Bing , Zhao Rihong , Cui Yuzi , Li Qin , Cong Yue 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEthanol is a principal ingredient of alcoholic beverages with potential neurotoxicity and genotoxicity, and the ethanol‐associated oxidative DNA damage in the central nervous system is well documented. Natural product may offer new options to protect the brain against ethanol‐induced neurotoxicity. The male flower of Eucommia ulmoides (EUF) Oliver has been extensively utilized as the tea, the healthy hot drink on the market. In this study, 19 constituents in the effective fraction of EUF were identified by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS). In the single‐cell gel electrophoresis assay, EUF was observed to ameliorate DNA damage in mouse cerebellum and cerebral cortex caused by acute ethanol administration, which was further confirmed by the morphological observation. The protective effects of EUF were associated with increasing total superoxide dismutase (T‐SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐PX) activities, and a decrease in nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), 8‐hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine (8‐OHdG), and kelch‐like ECH‐associated protein‐1 (Keap1) levels. Molecular docking results demonstrated that compounds 4, 7, 9, and 16 from EUF have a strong affinity to the Keap1 Kelch domain to hinder the interaction of nuclear factor‐erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) with Keap1. These findings suggest that EUF is a potent inhibitor of ethanol‐induced brain injury possibly via the inhibition of oxidative stress.
Robotic mapping of motor cortex in children with perinatal stroke and hemiparesis
Authors: Kuo Hsing‐Ching , Zewdie Ephrem , Giuffre Adrianna , Gan Liu Shi , Carlson Helen L. , Wrightson James , Kirton Adam 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBrain stimulation combined with intensive therapy may improve hand function in children with perinatal stroke‐induced unilateral cerebral palsy (UCP). However, response to therapy varies and underlying neuroplasticity mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we aimed to characterize robotic motor mapping outcomes in children with UCP. Twenty‐nine children with perinatal stroke and UCP (median age 11 ± 2 years) were compared to 24 typically developing controls (TDC). Robotic, neuronavigated transcranial magnetic stimulation was employed to define bilateral motor maps including area, volume, and peak motor evoked potential (MEP). Map outcomes were compared to the primary clinical outcome of the Jebsen–Taylor Test of Hand Function (JTT). Maps were reliably obtained in the contralesional motor cortex (24/29) but challenging in the lesioned hemisphere (5/29). Within the contralesional M1 of participants with UCP, area and peak MEP amplitude of the unaffected map were larger than the affected map. When comparing bilateral maps within the contralesional M1 in children with UCP to that of TDC, only peak MEP amplitudes were different, being smaller for the affected hand as compared to TDC. We observed correlations between the unaffected map when stimulating the contralesional M1 and function of the unaffected hand. Robotic motor mapping can characterize motor cortex neurophysiology in children with perinatal stroke. Map area and peak MEP amplitude may represent discrete biomarkers of developmental plasticity in the contralesional M1. Correlations between map metrics and hand function suggest clinical relevance and utility in studies of interventional plasticity.