bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘CARE compliance’ of case reports published in Dental Traumatology in the past two decades: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Tewari Nitesh , Goel Shubhi , Srivastav Sukeshana , Mathur Vijay Prakash , Rahul Morankar , Chaurasia Bikash , Raghuthaman Sruthila 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackground/AimsThe journal Dental Traumatology (DT) is one of the best resources in the field of dental traumatology. It has always encouraged publication of case reports of good quality. The CARE statement (2011) was developed for uniform and transparent reporting of cases in medical sciences. Since case reports are inseparable from the DT literature, the aim of this bibliometric‐analysis was to evaluate the case reports published in the DT in the last two decades (2001–2021) and assess their compliance regarding CARE guidelines for elucidating the trends in DT and the reporting quality of these papers.MethodologyTwo authors independently observed the tables of contents in all issues of DT from 2002–2021 and identified case reports. Selected articles were scrutinized to determine their eligibility. Data extraction was performed, case reports were segregated into domains, and their CARE compliance was evaluated by using a self‐designed‐validated method. Differences between the case reports published in two decades (2002–2011 and 2012–2021) were analysed with the Chi‐square test.ResultsA total of 1612 articles published between February 2002 and October 2021 were scrutinized to identify 357 case reports with 277 from the period of 2002–2011 and 80 between 2012 and 2021. The highest number of case reports originated from Asia (2002–2011:135, 2012–2021:28). The CARE compliances of the majority of reports in the decade of 2002–2011 were between 75 and 85% (good) while the CARE compliances of the majority of reports from 2012–2021 were between 85 and 95% (very good) or >95% (excellent). These differences were statistically significant (p < .005).ConclusionsThe number of case reports published in the decade of 2002–2011 were more than three times the number of case reports published in the decade of 2012–2021. The highest number of reports in both decades were from Asia and belonged to the therapeutic and prognostic domains. The CARE compliances of the reports in the decade of 2012–2021 were better than those from 2002–2011.
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor/nuclear factor E2‐related factor 2 (AHR/NRF2) signalling: A novel therapeutic target for atopic dermatitis
Authors: Hwang Jonwei , Newton Edita M. , Hsiao Jennifer , Shi Vivian Y. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR)/nuclear factor‐erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (NRF2) modulation is emerging as novel targets in the treatment of atopic dermatitis and other inflammatory skin disorders. Agonist activation of this pathway has downstream effects on epidermal barrier function, immunomodulation, oxidative stress reduction and cutaneous microbiome modulation. Tapinarof, a dual agonist of the AHR/NRF2 signalling pathway, has shown promise in phase 2 trials for atopic dermatitis. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of the AHR/NRF2 pathway and implications in skin disease process. We also review the therapeutic potential of current AHR agonists and propose future directions to address knowledge gaps.
Managing fisheries for maximum nutrient yield
Authors: Robinson James P.W. , Nash Kirsty L. , Blanchard Julia L. , Jacobsen Nis S. , Maire Eva , Graham Nicholas A.J. , MacNeil M. Aaron , Zamborain‐Mason Jessica , Allison Edward H. , Hicks Christina C. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWild‐caught fish are a bioavailable source of nutritious food that, if managed strategically, could enhance diet quality for billions of people. However, optimising nutrient production from the sea has not been a priority, hindering development of nutrition‐sensitive policies. With fisheries management increasingly effective at rebuilding stocks and regulating sustainable fishing, we can now begin to integrate nutritional outcomes within existing management frameworks. Here, we develop a conceptual foundation for managing fisheries for multispecies Maximum Nutrient Yield (mMNY). We empirically test our approach using size‐based models of North Sea and Baltic Sea fisheries and show that mMNY is predicted by the relative contribution of nutritious species to total catch and their vulnerability to fishing, leading to trade‐offs between catch and specific nutrients. Simulated nutrient yield curves suggest that vitamin D, which is deficient in Northern European diets, was underfished at fishing levels that returned maximum catch weights. Analysis of global catch data shows there is scope for nutrient yields from most of the world's marine fisheries to be enhanced through nutrient‐sensitive fisheries management. With nutrient composition data now widely available, we expect our mMNY framework to motivate development of nutrient‐based reference points in specific contexts, such as data‐limited fisheries. Managing for mMNY alongside policies that promote access to fish could help close nutrient gaps for coastal populations, maximising the contribution of wild‐caught fish to global food and nutrition security.
No evidence for a negative effect of growing season photosynthesis on leaf senescence timing
Authors: Lu Xinchen , Keenan Trevor F. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe length of the growing season has a large influence on the carbon, water, and energy fluxes of global terrestrial ecosystems. While there has been mounting evidence of an advanced start of the growing season mostly due to elevated spring air temperatures, the mechanisms that control the end of the growing season (EOS) in most ecosystems remain relatively less well understood. Recently, a strong lagged control of EOS by growing season photosynthesis has been proposed, suggesting that more productive growing seasons lead to an earlier EOS. However, this relationship has not been extensively tested with in‐situ observations across a variety of ecosystems. Here, we use observations from 40 eddy‐covariance flux tower sites in temperate and boreal ecosystems in the northern hemisphere with more than 10 years of observations (594 site‐years), ground observations of phenology, satellite observations from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), and three leaf senescence models to test the extent of a relationship between growing season photosynthesis and end of season senescence. The results suggest that there is no significant negative relationship between growing season photosynthesis and observed leaf senescence, flux‐inferred EOS estimates, or remotely sensed phenological metrics, in most ecosystems. On the contrary, while we found negative effects of summer air temperatures and autumn vapor pressure deficit on EOS, more productive growing seasons were typically related to a later, not earlier, EOS. Our results challenge recent reports of carry‐over effects of photosynthesis on EOS timing, and suggest those results may not hold over a large range of ecosystems.
Mycorrhizal fungi alleviate acidification‐induced phosphorus limitation: Evidence from a decade‐long field experiment of simulated acid deposition in a tropical forest in south China
Authors: Hu Yuanliu , Chen Ji , Hui Dafeng , Wang Ying‐Ping , Li Jianling , Chen Jingwen , Chen Guoyin , Zhu Yiren , Zhang Leiyi , Zhang Deqiang , Deng Qi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSouth China has been experiencing very high rate of acid deposition and severe soil acidification in recent decades, which has been proposed to exacerbate the regional ecosystem phosphorus (P) limitation. We conducted a 10‐year field experiment of simulated acid deposition to examine how acidification impacts seasonal changes of different soil P fractions in a tropical forest with highly acidic soils in south China. As expected, acid addition significantly increased occluded P pool but reduced the other more labile P pools in the dry season. In the wet season, however, acid addition did not change microbial P, soluble P and labile organic P pools. Acid addition significantly increased exchangeable Al3+ and Fe3+ and the activation of Fe oxides in both seasons. Different from the decline of microbial abundance in the dry season, acid addition increased ectomycorrhizal fungi and its ratio to arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi in the wet season, which significantly stimulated phosphomonoesterase activities and likely promoted the dissolution of occluded P. Our results suggest that, even in already highly acidic soils, the acidification‐induced P limitation could be alleviated by stimulating ectomycorrhizal fungi and phosphomonoesterase activities. The differential responses and microbial controls of seasonal soil P transformation revealed here should be implemented into ecosystem biogeochemical model for predicting plant productivity under future acid deposition scenarios.
Widespread recent changes in morphology of Old World birds, global warming the immediate suspect
Authors: Dubiner Shahar , Meiri Shai 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimA decline in body size has been proposed as a universal response to global warming, but this is often questioned. We describe and characterize recent morphological changes in the avifauna of Israel as a whole and test several hypotheses regarding their cause.LocationIsrael.Time period1950–2020.Major taxa studiedAves.Methods We analysed the morphology of 7,981 museum specimens. For each of the 106 species, we calculated the rate of change in mass, head and body length, wing length and approximate relative surface area, both over time and as a function of temperature anomaly (the difference between temperatures in a given year and the interannual average). We used phylogenetic generalized linear mixed models (PGLMMs) to determine trends and their relationship to the ecology of species.ResultsOver the last 70 years there have been consistent changes through time in mass, length and surface area‐to‐volume ratio. Mass decreased by 18.3%, length increased by 5.1%, and surface area‐to‐volume ratio increased by 28.9%. The increase in the ratio of surface area to volume through time corresponds to a 12.2% increase per degree Celsius of warming. In contrast, changes in wing length were few and inconsistent. Most species changed in either mass or length, but seldom in both. The effect of rising temperature on morphology was roughly an order of magnitude stronger than the effect of a comparable geographical difference in habitat temperature. Changes were modulated by migratory habits but not explained by human commensalism or diet.Main conclusionsA decrease in mass and increase in length are widespread, both leading to higher relative surface area. Results conform with predicted responses to global warming, but not with any of our other tested hypotheses. If warming is the driver of these changes, the diverging responses observed between different species might represent different solutions to solve a common problem.
Retooling governance for improving public service delivery: Case study of right to public services commission, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Authors: Khawaja Sarfraz , Khalid Saif Ullah 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study analyzes the public service delivery system in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan following the 2014 enactment of the “Right to Services Act.” It adopts a case study approach, primarily based on qualitative interviews and focus group discussions, to examine the lessons learned as part of this Act's aim to improve governance. The study finds that accountability is key for measuring the public delivery of services and that the Right to Public Services Act and its corresponding Commission take steps to ensure good governance and public service delivery in the province. Although, this law is still in its embryonic stage, it has already significantly improved the delivery of the targeted services, and it has activated a system of checks and balances in public sector departments to enhance their performance and accountability.
Mapping the role of patient and public involvement during the different stages of healthcare innovation: A scoping review
Authors: Cluley Victoria , Ziemann Alexandra , Feeley Claire , Olander Ellinor K. , Shamah Shani , Stavropoulou Charitini 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundPatient and public involvement (PPI) has become increasingly important in the development, delivery and improvement of healthcare. PPI is used in healthcare innovation; yet, how it is used has been under‐reported. The aim of this scoping review is to identify and map the current available empirical evidence on the role of PPI during different stages of healthcare innovation.MethodsThe scoping review was conducted in accordance with PRISMAScR and included any study published in a peer‐reviewed journal between 2004 and 2021 that reported on PPI in healthcare innovation within any healthcare setting or context in any country. The following databases were searched: Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycInfo, HMIC and Google Scholar. We included any study type, including quantitative, qualitative and mixed‐method studies. We excluded theoretical frameworks, conceptual, scientific or grey literature as well as discussion and opinion papers.ResultsOf the 87 included studies, 81 (93%) focused on or were conducted by authors in developed countries. A wide range of conditions were considered, with more studies focusing on mental health (n = 18, 21%) and cancer care (n = 8, 9%). The vast majority of the studies focused on process and service innovations (n = 62, 71%). Seven studies focused on technological and clinical innovations (8%), while 12 looked at both technological and service innovations (14%). Only five studies examined systems innovation (5%) and one study looked across all types of innovations (1%). PPI is more common in the earlier stages of innovation, particularly problem identification and invention, in comparison to adoption and diffusion.ConclusionHealthcare innovation tends to be a lengthy process. Yet, our study highlights that PPI is more common across earlier stages of innovation and focuses mostly on service innovation. Stronger PPI in later stages could support the adoption and diffusion of innovation.Patient or Public ContributionOne of the coauthors of the paper (S. S.) is a service user with extensive experience in PPI research. S. S. supported the analysis and writing up of the paper.
Seeking a deeper understanding of ‘distributed health literacy’: A systematic review
Authors: Muscat Danielle M. , Gessler Danielle , Ayre Julie , Norgaard Ole , Heuck Iben R. , Haar Stefanie , Maindal Helle T. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundPrevious research suggests that it would be useful to view health literacy as a set of ‘distributed competencies’, which can be found dispersed through the individual's social network, rather than an exclusively individual attribute. However, to date there is no focused exploration of how distributed health literacy has been defined, conceptualized or assessed in the peer‐reviewed literature.AimsThis systematic review aimed to explore: (1) definitions and conceptual models of distributed health literacy that are available from the peer‐reviewed literature; and (2) how distributed health literacy has been measured in empirical research.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycInfo, Scopus, ERIC and Web of Science using truncated versions of the keywords ‘literacy’ and ‘distributed’ (within five words' distance). We collated the definitions and conceptual models of distributed health literacy, and report on how health literacy has been measured in empirical research studies. Findings related to distributed health literacy from included manuscripts were synthesized using thematic synthesis.ResultsOf the 642 studies screened, 10 were included in this systematic review. The majority were empirical manuscripts reporting on qualitative research in one of five countries, with two reviews, one conceptual analysis and one quantitative study. Edwards' definition of distributed health literacy, which emphasizes the health literacy abilities, skills and practices of others that contribute to an individual's level of health literacy was widely applied in a variety of clinical and geographical settings. However, we did not identify any quantitative instruments which directly measured distributed health literacy. There was significant variability in questions used to explore the concept qualitatively, and discrepancies across studies in regard to (a) what constitutes distributed health literacy and what does not (e.g., general social support), and (b) the relationship between distributed health literacy and other constructs (e.g., public health literacy).ConclusionAlthough there is a widely applied definition of distributed health literacy, our review revealed that the research space would benefit from the development of the concept, both theoretically for example via conceptual distinctions between distributed health literacy and other types of social support, and empirically for example through the development of a quantitative measurement instrument.Patient or Public ContributionThis paper is a systematic review and did not involve patients or the public.
Trends in antiretroviral use in pregnancy in the UK and Ireland, 2008–2018
Authors: Rasi Virginia , Peters Helen , Sconza Rebecca , Francis Kate , Bukasa Laurette , Thorne Claire , Cortina‐Borja Mario 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionHIV treatment recommendations have evolved over time, reflecting both growing availability of new antiretrovirals and accumulating evidence on their safe and effective use. We analysed patterns of antiretroviral use among diagnosed pregnant women living with HIV delivering in the UK and Ireland between 2008 and 2018 using national surveillance data.MethodsAll singleton pregnancies with known outcomes and known timing of antiretroviral initiation reported to the National Surveillance of HIV in Pregnancy and Childhood were included. Every individual instance of specific antiretroviral use was the unit of analysis in generating a snapshot of antiretroviral use overall and over calendar time. The final analysis was restricted to the 14 most frequently prescribed antiretrovirals.ResultsThere were 12 099 singleton pregnancies reported during 2008–2018 and a total of 38 214 individual uses of the 14 most commonly prescribed antiretrovirals, the majority of which were started before conception (70.9%). In 2008, 37.7% (482/1279) of pregnancies were conceived under treatment, reaching 80.9% (509/629) by 2018. Patterns of antiretroviral use have changed over time, particularly for third agents. Between 2008 and 2018 the most frequently used protease inhibitor shifted from lopinavir to darunavir, whereas use of integrase inhibitors increased steadily over time.ConclusionsThese national surveillance data enable investigation of the ‘real‐world’ use of antiretrovirals in pregnancy on a population level. Findings demonstrate mixed responsiveness of antiretroviral prescription to changes in pregnancy guideline recommendations and may also reflect changes in commissioning and in the characteristics of pregnant women living with HIV.
Construction of magnetic switchable Pickering interfacial catalysis system and its application in the hydrolysis of crude rice bran oil
Authors: Cheng Jie , Wang Ning , Li Na , Zhou Xiaonan , Yu Dianyu , Jiang Lianzhou 
Published: February 2022

SUMMARYThe high refining cost of traditional rice bran oil with high acid value and its large environmental impact have limited its further application. In this study, a lipase‐catalysed hydrolysis reaction of crude rice bran oil at the oil–water interface was performed using a Pickering emulsion system stabilised by modified magnetic microcrystalline cellulose (MMC) particles. The results revealed that the modified MMC particles exhibited a rod‐like structure, and a contact angle of 84.8°. In addition, the stability of the Pickering emulsion can be enhanced when the modified MMC was used as an emulsifier, and at an optimal addition amount of 2.0wt.%. The saturation magnetisation value of the emulsifier decreased from 38.8 to 8.9 emu g−1 after 12 reuses. Furthermore, the hydrolysis rates of crude rice bran oil in the Pickering emulsion system and a two‐phase system at a Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) content of 2mg mL−1 were 92.8% and 58.8%, respectively. In addition, the relative activity of CALB after 10 reuses was 71.8%. These findings provide a sustainable interface biocatalysis method and provide ideas for the rational development of high acid value oils.
Testing predictions of a neural process model of visual attention in infancy across competitive and non‐competitive contexts
Authors: Spencer John P. , Ross‐Sheehy Shannon , Eschman Bret 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA key question in early development is how changes in neural systems give rise to changes in infants' behavior. We examine this question by testing predictions of a dynamic field (DF) model of infant spatial attention. We tested 5‐, 7‐, and 10‐month‐old infants in the Infant Orienting With Attention (IOWA) task containing the original non‐competitive cue conditions (when a central stimulus disappeared before a cue onset) and new competitive cue conditions (when a central stimulus remained visible throughout the trial). This allowed testing of five model predictions: (1) that orienting accuracy would be higher and (2) reaction times would be slower for all competitive conditions; (3) that all infants would be slower to orient in the competitive conditions, though (4) older infants would show the strongest competition costs; and (5) that reaction times would be particularly slow for un‐cued competitive conditions. Four of these five predictions were supported, and the remaining prediction was supported in part. We next examined fits of the model to the expanded task. New simulation results reveal close fits to the present findings after parameter modification. Critically, developmental parameters of the model were not altered, providing support for the DF model's account of neuro‐developmental change.
Positive QRS complex in limb lead 2 with negative QRS in lead 3 on surface electrocardiogram: A novel predictor for anterior location of right‐sided accessory pathways (10−1 o'clock on tricuspid annulus)
Authors: Bera Debabrata , Mukherjee Sanjeev S. , Majumder Suchit , Sikdar Sunandan , Dasgupta Koushik , Kar Ayan , Kathuria Sanjeev , Sarkar Rakesh 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundLocalization of atrioventricular accessory pathways (AP) from Electrocardiogram (ECG) is crucial for successful ablation. We analyzed the value of limb lead 2 versus 3 QRS vector discordance on surface ECG among right‐sided pathways.MethodsData from consecutive patients undergoing successful ablation of manifest AP were analyzed. They were categorized into two groups—Gr I: Endocardial ablation from anterior and anterolateral tricuspid annulus (TA, 10−1 o'clock, right anterolateral [RAL]); Gr II: Ablation outside this region (1−10 o'clock of TA). Inferior lead discordance (ILD) was defined as positive QRS complex (monophasic R, Rs) in lead 2 with negative/equiphasic QRS vector in lead 3 (rS, S, RS). Maximally pre‐excited ECGs during electrophysiology study were compared for presence of ILD.ResultAmong total 22 cases (Age 36 ± 18 years, 12 males), ILD was noted in 4/4 cases of Gr I. It was absent among 17/18 cases of right‐sided AP in Gr II. The only case in Gr II having ILD was ablated near 8 o'clock (posterolateral). In contrast to the other four cases, aVF was negative, along with lead 3. A close differential was mid‐septal AP (MSAP). However, the MSAP had absence of r in V1 and lead 2 having rS/RS complex in contrast to strongly positive QRS in RAL pathways. The sensitivity and specificity of ILD for RAL are 100% and 95%, respectively. The positive, negative predictive value, and accuracy are 80%, 100%, and 95%, respectively.ConclusionPositive QRS complex in lead 2 with negative QRS in lead 3 in maximally pre‐excited ECG is often predictive of anterior and anterolateral location among right‐sided pathways.