bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Afferentation from the Contralateral Hand during Imitation of Cello Bowing in Musically Untrained Individuals
Authors: Kazennikov O. V. , Talis V. L. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We studied hand movement during imitation of cello bowing while the rectilinear movement of the right bowing arm should occur in parallel with the bow orientation along the arm trajectory. Musically untrained individuals moved the bow across the bar that imitated the cello. Motion analysis was used to investigate the influence of a variety of experimental conditions: (1) bow motion on the bar surface, (2) on the left hand lying on the bar, and (3) in the air without touching the bar. It was found that the trajectory of the marker on the index finger at the bow frog differed significantly from the marker trajectory at the bow tip. In all conditions the marker on the index finger moved along a trajectory close to a straight line with an orientation slightly deviating from perpendicular to the bar. The marker trajectory at the bow tip deviated more from the perpendicular direction. Differences in the trajectories of markers at the bow frog and the bow tip depended on the condition of bow movement. The smallest differences were observed when the bow was moved on the left hand. It is suggested that sensation from the contralateral hand was used to create the internal representation of the relative position of the bow and the bar.
Pooled prevalence of blindness in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Markos Merkineh , Kefyalew Biruktayit , Tesfaye Hana Belay 
Published: June 2022

Blindness is defined as presenting visual acuity worse than 3/60 in the better eye. Its highest proportion has been conforming to the developing countries such as Ethiopia. So, timely information is crucial to design strategies. However, the study on the magnitude of blindness in Ethiopia was outdated which means it was conducted in 2005–2006. Therefore, this study was proposed to estimate the pooled prevalence of blindness in Ethiopia.Databases like PubMed, Cochrane library, Google Scholar and references of retrieved articles were used to search for articles. A standard data extraction approach was employed and presented using Preferred Reporting of Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale quality assessment tool was used to evaluate the quality of studies. Analysis held using STATA V.11. The funnel plot and Egger’s regression test were applied to check for the potential sources of bias. Heterogeneity among the studies was tested using I² statistics that have been calculated and compared with the standard. Meta-regression and subgroup analysis were done to identify the potential sources of heterogeneity. Estimation of blindness was carried out using Duval and Twee die’s trim and fill analysis. The pooled prevalence of blindness in Ethiopia is found to be 1.18% (95% CI 0.650% to 1.706%). Blindness is among the main public health difficulties in Ethiopia. So, it demands up-to-date strategies and its implementation, preventive and curative eye care service with affordable and accessible interventions, and evidence-based advocacy. The trial Registration Number is CRD42021268448.
Lower Expression of TWEAK is Associated with Poor Survival and Dysregulate TIICs in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: He Zhengxi , Wang Sai , Wu Jinchun , Xie Yangchun , Li Bin 
Published: June 2022

Background. Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer death worldwide, and the most subtype is lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) greatly impact the prognosis of LUAD. Tumor necrosis factor–like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK), signal via its receptor fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14 (Fn14), dysregulates immune cell recruitment within tumor environment, thus promoting the progression of autoimmune diseases and cancer. We aimed to explore its role in LUAD. Methods. The expression level of TWEAK was explored in Tumor Immune Estimation Resource 2.0 (TIMER2.0) and Oncomine databases. The Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion (TIDE) and Lung Cancer Explorer (LCE) databases were applied to evaluate the survival in correlation to TWEAK expression. TIICs were assessed with TIMER2.0 and TIDE datasets. The expression of TWEAK protein was detected in LUAD cell lines and also in tissue samples from LUAD patients via western blotting or combination with immunochemistry. Results. Our results showed that TWEAK was downregulated in LUAD tumors compared to normal tissues in TIMER2.0, Oncomine, cell lines, and clinical specimens. Poor survival was uncovered in lower TWEAK expression of LUAD patients in LCE (

meta
−
HR
=
0.84

[95% CI, 0.76-0.92]) and TCGA (

Continuous

Z
=
−
1.97

,

p
=
0.0486

) and GSE13213@PRECOG (

Continuous

Z
=
−
4.25

,

p
=
2.12
e
−
5

) in TIDE. Multiple tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) were found closely correlated with TWEAK expression in LUAD, especially hematopoietic stem cell (

Rho
=
0.505

,

p
=
2.78
e
−
33

), common lymphoid progenitor (

Rho
=
−
0.504

,

p
=
3.79
e
−
33

), and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) (

Rho
=
−
0.615

,

p
=
1.36
e
−
52

). Conclusion. Lower level of TWEAK was linked with poor survival and aberrant recruitment and phenotype of TIICs in LUAD, which might motivate immune escape and weaken the effects of immunotherapy.
Lurbinectedin Inhibits the EWS–WT1 Transcription Factor in Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor
Authors: Gedminas Jenna M. , Kaufman Rebecca , Boguslawski Elissa A. , Gross Amy C. , Adams Marie , Beddows Ian , Kitchen-Goosen Susan M. , Roberts Ryan D. , Grohar Patrick J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDesmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT) is a rare pediatric sarcoma with poor overall survival. This tumor is absolutely dependent on the continued expression and activity of its defining molecular lesion, the EWS–WT1 transcription factor. Unfortunately, the therapeutic targeting of transcription factors is challenging, and there is a critical need to identify compounds that inhibit EWS–WT1. Here we show that the compound lurbinectedin inhibits EWS–WT1 by redistributing the protein within the nucleus to the nucleolus. This nucleolar redistribution interferes with the activity of EWS–WT1 to reverse the expression of over 70% of the transcriptome. In addition, the compound blocks the expression of the EWS–WT1 fusion protein to inhibit cell proliferation at the lowest GI50 ever reported for this compound in any cell type. The effects occur at concentrations that are easily achievable in the clinic and translate to the in vivo setting to cause tumor regressions in multiple mice in a xenograft and PDX model of DSRCT. Importantly, this mechanism of nucleolar redistribution is also seen with wild-type EWSR1 and the related fusion protein EWS–FLI1. This provides evidence for a “class effect” for the more than 18 tumors driven by EWSR1 fusion proteins. More importantly, the data establish lurbinectedin as a promising clinical candidate for DSRCT.
Suppression of SIN3A by miR-183 Promotes Breast Cancer Metastasis
Authors: Davenport Mackenzie L. , Davis Mara R. , Davenport Baylea N. , Crossman David K. , Hall Aaron , Pike Jason , Harada Shuko , Hurst Douglas R. , Edmonds Mick D. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Recent work has established that SWI-independent-3 (SIN3) chromatin modification complexes play key roles in cancer progression. We previously demonstrated that knockdown of SIN3A expression promotes human breast cancer cell invasion and metastasis; however, the levels of SIN3A in patient breast carcinoma are not known. We therefore examined SIN3A mRNA and protein in patient tissues and determined that SIN3A expression is lower in breast carcinoma relative to normal breast. Given the 3′—untranslated region (UTR) of SIN3A has several conserved binding sites for oncogenic miRNA, we hypothesized that SIN3A is targeted by miRNA and found that ectopic miR-183 results in decreased SIN3A in breast carcinoma cell lines. Functionally, we demonstrate that miR-183 promotes breast cancer cell migration and invasion in a SIN3A-dependent manner and ectopic miR-183 promotes metastasis in vivo. Patients with breast cancer with high levels of miR-183 and low levels of SIN3A have the shortest overall survival. Given the critical link between metastasis and survival in patients with breast cancer, it is of utmost importance to identify clinically relevant genes involved in metastasis. Here, we report for the first time the aberrant expression of the putative metastasis suppressing gene SIN3A in human breast cancers and propose a mechanism of SIN3A suppression by miR-183.

Implications:
SIN3A expression is decreased in metastatic breast cancer in part due to miR-183.
Constitutive β-Catenin Overexpression Represses Lncrna MIR100HG Transcription via HDAC6-Mediated Histone Modification in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Peng Jian , Ma Yiming , Zhao Xinhua , Yang Xu , Wang Hongying 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Wnt/β-catenin signaling plays a critical role in colonic carcinogenesis. However, non-coding RNAs (ncRNA) transcriptionally regulated by β-catenin are largely unknown. Herein, we found that lncRNA MIR100HG (lnc-MIR100HG) negatively correlated with target genes of β-catenin from The Cancer Genome Atlas colorectal carcinoma database, which was verified in 48 paired colorectal carcinoma specimens. In addition, constitutive overexpression of β-catenin decreased primary and mature lnc-MIR100HG levels, whereas blockage of β-catenin activity with siRNA or inhibitors significantly increased their expression. DNA pull-down and chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed the binding of β-catenin/TCF4 to the MIR100HG promoter. Moreover, β-catenin–forced expression reduced the enrichment of H3K27Ac, an active transcription marker, on the promoter, whereas β-catenin inhibition reversed this effect. Furthermore, HDAC6 was recruited to the MIR100HG promoter and downregulated H3K27Ac enrichment in a β-catenin–dependent manner. Besides, HDAC6 was upregulated and negatively correlated with lnc-MIR100HG in colorectal carcinoma specimens. Functional studies showed that lnc-MIR100HG overexpression induced cell-cycle G0–G1 arrest and repressed cell proliferation via p57 upregulation in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, we found that ectopic β-catenin transcriptionally repressed lnc-MIR100HG expression through HDAC6-mediated histone modification in colorectal carcinoma. Lnc-MIR100HG regulates the cell cycle through p57.

Implications:
It provides a novel downstream mechanism highlighting β-catenin action during colon carcinogenesis and may shed light for further therapeutic approaches.
Retention and Evaluation of Precision and Generic Prevention Materials for Melanoma: A Qualitative Study Comparing Young Adults and Adults
Authors: Crowder Sylvia L. , Buro Acadia W. , Lacson John Charles A. , Kim Youngchul , Sutton Steven K. , Roetzheim Richard G. , Vadaparampil Susan T. , Stern Marilyn , Kanetsky Peter A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA randomized trial was conducted to examine whether providing precision prevention materials incorporating melanocortin-1 receptor genetic risk information would increase intention to practice melanoma preventive behaviors. Here, we determine retention/evaluation of prevention materials for adolescent and young adults (AYA) 18 to 39 years old versus adults aged 40+ at 6 and 12 months as an a priori adjunct analysis to the primary research question. Using qualitative methodology, open-ended questions probing most important information from prevention materials and additional comments were collected at 6 and 12 months after baseline. Descriptive statistics were performed on demographic/self-reported characteristics. Two independent researchers applied qualitative thematic content analysis to identify major themes in open-ended questions. Of the 1,134 participants randomized, 906 completed at least one of the follow-up surveys and contributed to analyses of intervention efficacy. Five major thematic categories emerged from the open-ended response data: (i) tips and tricks for sun protection; (ii) cancer prevention; (iii) risk factors and genetics; (iv) general information; and (v) intervention comments. Across all ages, the most important information retained were sun protection techniques in the generic prevention materials group and identifying the importance of genetic risk factors/implementing lifestyle behavior changes in the precision prevention materials group. For additional comments, AYA participants in the generic prevention materials group preferred more scientific information including statistics and citations for references while adults were more likely to state they already knew cancer prevention techniques. Results provide unique qualitative evaluation of AYA versus adult retention of prevention materials for melanoma that enhance quantitative findings.Prevention Relevance:It is important to evaluate information within groups defined by periods of the life trajectory, e.g., AYA and adults, to best inform preferences, knowledge, and motivation for behavior change. By assessing retention, evidence-based interventions can be designed to better support public health messaging and encourage positive health behaviors.
Methadone Blockade of Cardiac Inward Rectifier K
+
Current Augments Membrane Instability and Amplifies U Waves on Surface ECGs: A Translational Study
Authors: Klein Michael G. , Krantz Mori J. , Fatima Naheed , Watters Ashlie , Colon‐Sanchez Dayan , Geiger Robert M. , Goldstein Robert E. , Solhjoo Soroosh , Mehler Philip S. , Flagg Thomas P. , Haigney Mark C. 
Published: June 2022

Background

Methadone is associated with a disproportionate risk of sudden death and ventricular tachyarrhythmia despite only modest inhibition of delayed rectifier K
+
current (
I
Kr
)
,
the principal mechanism of drug‐associated arrhythmia. Congenital defects of inward rectifier K
+
current (
I
K1
) have been linked to increased U‐wave amplitude on ECG and fatal arrhythmia. We hypothesized that methadone may also be a potent inhibitor of
I
K1
, contributing to delayed repolarization and manifesting on surface ECGs as augmented U‐wave integrals.

Methods and Results

Using a whole‐cell voltage clamp, methadone inhibited both recombinant and native
I
K1
with a half‐maximal inhibitory concentration IC50) of 1.5 μmol/L, similar to that observed for
I
Kr
block (half‐maximal inhibitory concentration of 2.9 μmol/L). Methadone modestly increased the action potential duration at 90% repolarization and slowed terminal repolarization at low concentrations. At higher concentrations, action potential duration at 90% repolarization lengthening was abolished, but its effect on terminal repolarization rose steadily and correlated with increased fluctuations of diastolic membrane potential. In parallel, patient ECGs were analyzed before and after methadone initiation, with 68% of patients having a markedly increased U‐wave integral compared with premethadone (lead V3; mean +38%±15%,
P
=0.016), along with increased QT and T
Peak
to T
End
intervals, likely reflective of
I
Kr
block.

Conclusions

Methadone is a potent
I
K1
inhibitor that causes augmentation of U waves on surface ECG. We propose that increased membrane instability resulting from
I
K1
block may better explain methadone’s arrhythmia risk beyond
I
Kr
inhibition alone. Drug‐induced augmentation of U waves may represent evidence of blockade of multiple repolarizing ion channels, and evaluation of the effect of that agent on
I
K1
may be warranted.
Rho-Kinase Inhibition Improves the Outcome of Focal Subcortical White Matter Lesions
Authors: Aykan Sanem A. , Xie Hongyu , Zheng Yi , Chung David Y. , Kura Sreekanth , Han Lai James , Erdogan Taylan D. , Morais Andreia , Tamim Isra , Yagmur Damla , Ishikawa Hidehiro , Arai Ken , Abbas Yaseen M. , Boas David A. , Sakadzic Sava , Ayata Cenk 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Subcortical white matter lesions are exceedingly common in cerebral small vessel disease and lead to significant cumulative disability without an available treatment. Here, we tested a rho-kinase inhibitor on functional recovery after focal white matter injury.

Methods:

A focal corpus callosum lesion was induced by stereotactic injection of N
5
-(1-iminoethyl)-L-ornithine in mice. Fasudil (10 mg/kg) or vehicle was administered daily for 2 weeks, starting one day after lesion induction. Resting-state functional connectivity and grid walk performance were studied longitudinally, and lesion volumes were determined at one month.

Results:

Resting-state interhemispheric functional connectivity significantly recovered between days 1 and 14 in the fasudil group (
P
<0.001), despite worse initial connectivity loss than vehicle before treatment onset. Grid walk test revealed an increased number of foot faults in the vehicle group compared with baseline, which persisted for at least 4 weeks. In contrast, the fasudil arm did not show an increase in foot faults and had smaller lesions at 4 weeks. Immunohistochemical examination of reactive astrocytosis, synaptic density, and mature oligodendrocytes did not reveal a significant difference between treatment arms.

Conclusions:
These data show that delayed fasudil posttreatment improves functional outcomes after a focal subcortical white matter lesion in mice. Future work will aim to elucidate the mechanisms.
“Here Lyes the Body of Cicely Negro”: Enslaved Women in
Colonial Cambridge and the Making of New England History
Authors: Maskiell Nicole Saffold 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Gravestones for early eighteenth-century enslaved Cambridge women, Cicely and Jane, have sat for centuries largely unexplored by scholars despite the markers' close proximity to Harvard University. This essay re-centers the lives and stories of such women, using their gravestones as a fulcrum to explore gender, race, memory, and the construction of early New England history.
Imperial Landed Endowments (Vakıf Çiftliks) in the Nineteenth-Century Ottoman Empire: The Case of Pertevniyal Valide Sultan’s Endowments in Thessaly
Authors: Öncel Fatma 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This article takes Pertevniyal Valide Sultan’s endowments as a case study and proposes an original contribution to the literature by discussing the transformation of Ottoman endowment management throughout the nineteenth century. The account books of landed estates (çiftliks), other endowment documents, and the Ottoman imperial archives constitute the basis of explaining different phases of estate management practices for endowments in the Thessaly region of northern Greece. The main argument is that, in contrastto the administration of earlier endowments in the region, the central administration of Pertevniyal Valide Sultan’s endowments expanded its control over its provincial revenue sources. This transformation became possible with the help of negotiations and alliances with several imperial and provincial institutions. This article also contributes to understanding social and economic life in Ottoman çiftliks by analysing land, production, and taxation relations in Thessaly.
The Circle of Karma and Siddhartha
Authors: Prakash Singh Vijay 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
For a long time, Herman Hesse’s celebrated Siddhartha (1922) popularized a version of Buddhism in the West. However, by comparing it to Kunzang Choden’s The Circle of Karma (2005), the first Bhutanese novel published in English, with its similar plot of a seeker, this essay finds the ways it displays a Westernized ideal of Buddhism. Unlike The Circle of Karma, Siddhartha actually relies on Western ideas of individualism and self-reliance.
Study on storage techniques and temperature conditions for sporocarp germination and development in azolla
Authors: Jha Arun Kumar , Padbhushan Rajeev , Kumar Arun 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Azolla is a small freshwater fern reproduces sexually and asexually (by splitting). The spores’ formation through sexual reproduction in the azolla species is influenced by climatic condition. Keeping this fact in view, the present study was conducted with an aim to study the impact of temperature on the sporocarp formation and also developing storage techniques for sexual propagation in the azolla species. The study showed that the sporulation in Azolla pinnata was more sensitive to increase in the temperature than Azolla microphylla. Azolla pinnata did not sporulate on rising maximum temperature; however sporulation in Azolla microphylla was delayed by one month due to rise in the temperature during second year compared to the first year. Conversion of the freshly collected sporocarps into Azolla microphylla plants were decreased by 4.2–9.3% on increasing minimum and maximum temperatures by 5°C and 8°C, respectively and conversion of the one month old sporocarps into plants was decreased by 1.8–8.7% on rising minimum and maximum temperatures. On storing sporocarps in the refrigerator resulted in higher germination percentage than stored at room temperature. Conversion of freshly collected sporocarps into Azolla plants increased on storage of the sporocarps mixing with soil (1:15) in the refrigerator than at room temperature. Germination of one month old Azolla microphylla sporocarps on storage in refrigerator after mixing with soil decreased during second year compared to first year. Therefore, in a controlled environment, azolla may be encouraged to grow sporocarps for exploiting full potential of azolla for eco-friendly agricultural and livestock management.
Study of superhydrophobicity according to surface structure of knitted fabrics
Authors: Lee Suhyun 
Published: June 2022

This study seeks to analyze the effect of geometric structures of weft-knitted fabrics on superhydrophobicity and the dynamic behavior of water droplets. A flat knitting machine with different stitch patterns was used to prepare 100% polyester knitted fabrics. For the superhydrophobic surface, nano-roughness through alkaline treatment and a hydrophobic coating were introduced on prepared knitted fabrics. To analyze micro-roughness, pore size, cover factor, surface roughness, and air permeability were measured. Surface wettability was evaluated by contact and shedding angle measurements, and the dynamic behavior of droplets. Micro-roughness was greater in the order of tuck, purl, and plain jersey stitch patterns with a small cover factor and large pore size. In addition, tuck and purl stitches showed differences in surface roughness according to the wale and course directions. Nano-roughness was discernible as the alkaline treatment time increased. Following an evaluation of the wettability, the purl stitches exhibited a contact angle of 150° or more with only the hydrophobic coating. After imparting nano-roughness by alkaline treatment, the contact angle was more than 150° in all the samples. In the case of shedding angle, the tuck and purl stitches showed differences according to the course and wale directions. The shedding angle was lower when the roughness was high and the ridge and the droplet sliding directions were parallel. This difference decreased as the nano-roughness increased according to the alkaline treatment time. An evaluation of the dynamic behavior of water droplets on the superhydrophobic knitted fabric showed that rebound behavior appeared in all the samples on the horizontal surface, when the water droplet was small. However, with large droplets, the rebound behavior appeared only in purl stitches. Meanwhile, on the surface inclined at 15°, rebound behavior was observed in the tuck and purl stitches, with the tuck stitches rebounding faster in the wale direction and the purl stitches in the course direction regardless of the droplet volume. The plain jersey stitches showed pinning behavior after water droplets fell on the surface. Therefore, it is important not only to introduce nano-roughness but also properly to form geometrical micro-roughness of knitted fabric with pores and loops to induce rebound behavior of water droplets.