bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifikasi Komponen Bioaktif dan Aktivitas Ekstrak Rumput Laut Merah (Eucheuma spinosum)
Authors: Sari N Ira , Diharmi Andarini , Sidauruk Santhy Wisuda , Sinurat Febriani Melisa 
Published: June 2022

Eucheuma spinosum is a species of red seaweed that has the potential as an antimicrobial compound due to the presence of active saponins and flavonoids. This study was aimed to determine the bioactive and antimicrobial components of the crude extract of E.spinosum. This study was used an experimental method, by extracting E.spinosum by maceration using methanol as a solvent. Analysis parameters were consisted of the identification of bioactive and antimicrobial components against Eschericia coli and Bacillus subtilis. The results were showed that the crude extract of obtained biaoctive components, respectively, flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids, and saponins. The results of the analysis of the crude extract of E. spinosum against Eschericia coli and Bacillus subtilis showed that the extract was able to inhibit the growth of both types of bacteria. The inhibition of E.spinosum extract against B.subtilis bacteria is classified as moderate to strong because it had an inhibition zone of 9.00-14.00 mm, and E. coli was in the moderate category of inhibition zone 6.7-8.83 mm
Analysis of bloodstream infections and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern in a COVID-19 dedicated centre: Six months hospital-based study
Authors: Nirmal Kirti , Mukim Yasha , Jain Charu , Das Shukla , Singh N.P 
Published: June 2022

COVID-19 pandemic, caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been impacting the life and economy across the globe since December 2019 and has caused major disruptions worldwide. The COVID-19 pandemic had resurfaced in India in the form of a hard-hitting second wave around April 2021Blood stream infections (BSI) are one of the most significant causes of morbidity and mortality in tertiary care hospitals amongst COVID-19 patients.: This study was conducted to assess the bloodstream infections and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of in a COVID-19 dedicated tertiary care centre.This retrospective observational study was carried out from April 2021 to September 2021 in a bacteriology laboratory, department of Microbiology, at a dedicated COVID-19 tertiary care centre. Blood Cultures of all COVID-19 confirmed cases were sought for and Bacterial Identification and Antimicrobial Susceptibility were performed as per the standard guidelines.A total of4200 blood culture samples from COVID-19 positive patients were received during April 2021- September 2021 for analyses of microorganisms and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of blood stream infection. 16.9% samples were grew significant bacteria. Gram-positive isolates outnumbered than Gram-negative organisms (1.36:1). Amongst Gram-negative microorganisms, most commonly isolated bacteria were . (11.8%) and amongst gram-positive organisms, (n=348; 48.9%) was most commonly isolated.The blood culture positivity along with their antimicrobial susceptibility is the need of the hour in order to aid hospitals to formulate and implement antimicrobial stewardship guidelines
Comparative evaluation of Ziehl- Neelsen staining and kinyoun’s staining in the diagnosis of clinically suspected cases of tuberculosis
Authors: Chopra Mukul , Chopra Shashi , Mahajan Silky , Singh Yadwinder 
Published: June 2022

: Tuberculosis commonly affects lungs but can also be ex­tra-pulmonary. The increasing prevalence of extra-pulmonary manifestation of tuberculosis is a cause for concern. Microbiological diagnosis is essence for the effective treatment of mycobacterium tuberculosis. The smear detection tests differentiate infectious from non-infectious cases. Both Ziehl-Neelsen (Z-N) and kinyoun stain (KC) methods are over 100 years old; these are most economical in terms of processing time, needed equipment and personnel. The objective of research was to evaluate the two smear microscopy methods for the detection of tubercle bacilli in the sputum and Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) material by comparing the sensitivity, specificity and validities of kinyoun’s method against Z-N staining.A prospective and comparative study was carried using 500 sputum samples and 100 FNAC material received in the department. All the 600 samples were subjected to two methods:Z-N stain and Kinyoun’s cold stain. They were compared for sensitivity and specificity in terms of qualitative results and grades of smear as recommended by RNTCP. : The smear positivity rate was 18% and 20.16% in Ziehl-Neelsen stain and Kinyoun’s cold stain respectively. The direct smear microscopy for Z-N staining showed sensitivity, 89.25%, specificity and positive predictive value (PPV) 100% and negative predictive value (NPV) 97.35% whereas KC method showed sensitivity 98.37%, specificity and PPV 100% and NPV 99.58% respectively. Kinyon’s method described is slightly longer to perform than the Ziehl-Neelsen technique but its ease of use and equal efficacy with Z-N method make it universally applicable, especially in those laboratories where facilities are poor.
Evaluation of North Syrian Women Knowledge, Opinions and Attitudes Regarding Milk Banks and Milk Donation
Authors: ÇELİK Nazlı , KARACA Bahadır , ÇELİK Burak , BEREKET Nihal , KORKMAZ Sibel 
Published: June 2022

Objectives: To investigate Syrian mothers' knowledge, attitudes, and opinions on milk banks and raise awareness of the opening of milk banks in the region.
Methods: Our study was conducted hospitals in North Syria between 02/12/2020 and 02/03/2021. 536 women included in our study. Our questionnaire, which was written in Arabic to assess knowledge, opinions and attitudes toward milk donation and milk banks, was administered to participants during face-to-face interviews.
Results: All participants were female and Muslim, with a mean age of 29.79∓7.69 years. 47.2% of the participants agreed that a milk bank should be established, while 37.5% of the participants were against it. 81.3% women favored establishing a milk bank said that they would use the milk bank if they could not breastfeed (p=0.000). 49.4% were against establishing milk banks due to religious inconvenience. 41.5% of participants who favored establishing a milk bank and 14.4% of those who were against it indicated that the facility would have a positive impact on them under the guarantee of Turkey (p=0.000).
Conclusion: Due to religious views in Muslim societies, there is a negative attitude toward milk banks. Therefore, establishing robust registration systems, involving religious leaders in the process, providing accurate information, and educating the society will raise awareness and change the negative view.
Measuring risks associated with students of introductory statistics: Scale development and implementation
Authors: Coetzee Wilma 
Published: June 2022

A lack of understanding of statistics, and being unable to apply its techniques, not only has a negative impact on the pass rates of students studying introductory statistics, but also affects the potential usefulness of these students when they enter the marketplace. I report here a novel scale developed to measure various factors that may be associated with the risk of failing an introductory statistics module at university. Various scales are available, but a single scale succinctly combining the factors was not available. The risks students face were explored by creating a 17-item instrument, named the Statistics Students’ Risk Questionnaire (SSRQ). The resulting SSRQ scale consists of four dimensions (motivation, attitude towards statistics, statistical anxiety and academic procrastination) that were identified through exploratory factor analysis. The model was confirmed using confirmatory factor analysis. The reliability of the scale was determined, and its usefulness was demonstrated to identify at-risk students. The scale can be applied to determine overall risk but can also be used to reveal which factors contribute to the risk. The scale can be supplemented by including the mathematical history of students of concern as an additional risk factor. This enables the statistics lecturer to select an appropriate support plan to assist atrisk students based on which factors are flagged as risks.
“I decided…”: Agency in Black women professors
Authors: Zulu Ncamisile 
Published: June 2022

Literature predominantly portrays Black women academics as individuals who usually lack a sense of belonging, unable to manage their workload and struggle with career progression in higher education. The oversaturation of this kind of literature can (over time) perpetuate a stereotypical idea that Black women academics are incapable of coping and succeeding in higher education institutions. Therefore, this article aims to explore how Black women professors can take responsibility for their successful academic outcomes. Bandura’s agentic theory of the self was used to frame this paper. A qualitative research design, using nine semistructured interviews was adopted for the study. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. Collectively, the Black women portrayed themselves as non-apologetic for being in the academic space, making time for writing and having a “go-getter” mentality. The findings present a line of thought that can help in challenging the stereotype about Black women academics.
Student leadership: Participation of the representative council of learners in management of school violence in high school
Authors: Eke Chidi Idi 
Published: June 2022

School violence has been on the increase over the past few years, despite several interventions put in place by school management, the Department of Education and parents. Nonetheless, school violence remains a debilitating factor to safe and secure schools. It is within this context that this paper examines the participation of Representative Council of Learners (RCLs) in the management and reduction of school-based violence in high schools and their participation in school governance as stipulated in the South African Schools Act (SASA) Act. No 84 of 1996. Insights for this paper were drawn from twelve participants at two high schools; six participants were selected from each school. Semi-structured interviews were employed for data collection and content analysis employed to analyse collected data for the paper. A purposive case study approach was adopted in the study to achieve the objective of the paper. The core melodies that emerged from the outcomes include that Representative Council of Learners (RCLs) serve as a vital information gathering tool for school managers; Most times the Representative Council of Learners are the first school management arm to intervene in chaotic incidents before school managers arrive and some Representative Council of Learners serve as role models to other learners influencing them positively.
Students experiences of demotivating online formative assessment strategies at an open distance learning university
Authors: Makina Antonia 
Published: June 2022

There is a growing body of research that suggests that improving the quality of online formative assessment strategies increases students’ motivation to participate in online assessment. However, the way in which course leaders at open distance learning universities communicate the expectations of learning to students through online formative assessment strategies largely determines how students approach online formative assessment tasks. The design of online formative assessment strategies is an important element that is needed to promote an interactive level of engagement needed for motivating students learning online. It is against this background that this paper investigated the experiences of students with demotivating online formative assessment strategies at an open distance learning institution. The study achieved this through phenomenography, a developmental, qualitative and non-dualistic case study research. Twelve purposively selected students from a postgraduate course were interviewed to understand their experiences with demotivating online formative assessment strategies. Students identified seven demotivating online formative assessment strategies that provided insight to course leaders in the production of more motivating assessment strategies. The study achieved this through phenomenography, a developmental, qualitative and non-dualistic research approach that used a case study, to interview twelve purposively selected students from a postgraduate course to understand their experiences with demotivating online formative assessment strategies. From the students’ own perspective, seven online formative assessment strategies that demotivated them to learn were identified to provide insight to course leaders to produce motivating assessment strategies.
Cybersecurity as a response to combating cybercrime
Authors: Mphatheni Mandlenkosi Richard , Maluleke Witness 
Published: June 2022

Cybercrime is touted as any harmful behaviour that is in some way related to a computer but does not have a specific legal reference. Therefore, the objective of this study was to explore cybersecurity as a response to combating cybercrime, focusing on demystifying the prevailing threats, while offering recommendations to the African regions. Moreover, this qualitative study employed a non-empirical research design: Systematic review methodology to analyse grey literature and primary research studies peer-reviewed and published, restricted from 2010-2022, not following yearly sequential consideration. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and Critical Appraisal Skill Programme (CASP) were employed to ensure the trustworthiness of the findings of this study based on reviewed conventional and seminal literature studies on this subject. The main findings of this study rest on a lack of a common universal definition of cybercrime, this has an impact on its prevention and ignores enormous economic value associated with the commission of this crime across the world, African regions included. It was also observed that this criminal act is presently committed with internet usage, consisting of copyright infringements, computer-related fraud, child or adult pornography, and network security violations, amongst others. Equally, addressing this scourge in African regions requires advanced skills and knowledge; exceeding the average computer and internet user. It is also critical to recognise the importance of implementing efficient cybersecurity methods, as policing this crime remains an important component of the Law Enforcement Agencies (LEA), and more innovative strategies are required and a globally coordinated response to this problem is urgently sought.
Assessing the effect of proactive maintenance scheduling on maintenance costs and airline profitability
Authors: Berkcan Okan , Aksoy Tamer 
Published: June 2022

This study mainly aims to examine the perception of Turkish Airlines Technic staff about the effect of proactive maintenance scheduling (PMS) on maintenance costs (MCs) and airline profitability (AP). Another purpose of the study is to reveal if the perception of the staff changes according to the demographic features and experience of the staff. As far as it is known, there is no direct study addressing the effects of PMS on MCs and airline profitability. The study is considered to be a first in this context. In the study, Turkish Airlines-THY was chosen as the company that was handled. The fact that the company has a separate special maintenance & repair group (Turkish Airlines Technic-THYT) was effective in the selection of this company. Some additional qualifications (very rooted, with corporate governance, Turkey's top largest & full-service carrier, member of IATA and Star Alliance, and a listed company (in BIST) were also among other factors affecting the selection. Methodologically, it was used a quantitative survey with a sample of 133 THYT staff. The staff has been chosen among departments that take place actively/directly in maintenance. Besides questions that aim to measure the perception of THYT staff on the effects of PMS on MCs and AP, some demographic and experience-related questions were asked in order to find out if the perception of the staff changes according to their qualifications. The data were collected by online survey method and analyzed with SPSS version 22. Necessary tests together with Chi-square and Fisher’s tests were carried out to analyze the results. It was concluded that there is a strong correlation between PMS and the MCs. The study proved that PMS has a great decreasing effect on MCs and a great increasing effect on AP. The study also revealed that THYT personnel is like-minded and that PMS reduces MCs and increases AP as well.
The Value of 2 Orthopaedic Learning Platforms from the Learners' and Educators' Point of View
Authors: Volaski Harrison , Sharfman Zachary T. , Levy I. Martin 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Online learning platforms are a staple of orthopaedic resident education. These platforms typically address a user's knowledge base, aiming to improve OITE and AAOS Board Examination scores. Orthopaedic residents often use these platforms as their primary educational resource. However, an orthopaedic surgeon is more than an orthopaedic knowledge base; acquisition of clinical acumen is integral as well. We sought to investigate the following: From a learner's and educator's perspective, do Orthobullets (OB) and Clinical Classroom (CC) contribute to both knowledge base and clinical acumen?

Methods:
Thirty residents and 16 attending surgeons at a single institution were assigned to review topics and complete questions on either the OB and CC platform. Participants then filled out surveys regarding the platform they were assigned, switched platforms, and completed a final survey. Independent-samples Student t tests and χ2 tests were used to analyze differences in continuous and categorical data.

Results:
Residents and attendings reported a preference for OB for fact acquisition, relevance to the OITE, and explanation of answers. Senior residents (PGY5) and attending surgeons reported that CC had a greater impact on their clinical acumen. Junior residents (PGY1, PGY2, and PGY3) reported the opposite. Participants responded that both platforms expand a learner's knowledge base and clinical acumen.

Conclusions:
Learners and educators felt both platforms addressed knowledge base and clinical acumen. Junior residents reported a preference for OB to CC to advance their knowledge base and clinical acumen, but senior residents and attendings felt the opposite was true. Based on survey responses, these platforms were found to be additive, complementary, and that their value to the learner changes during the course of residency education.

Level of Evidence:
III.
Practical Bayesian Inversions for Rock Composition and Petrophysical Endpoints in Multimineral Analysis
Authors: Cheng Liwei , Jin Ge , Michelena Reinaldo , Tura Ali 
Published: June 2022

Summary
Rock composition can be related to conventional well logs through theoretical equations and petrophysical endpoints. Multimineral analysis is a formation evaluation tool that uses inversions to quantify rock composition from well logs. However, because of data errors and the multivariate selection of petrophysical endpoints, solutions from the multimineral analysis are nonunique. Many plausible realizations exhibit comparable data misfits. Therefore, the uncertainties in rock composition and petrophysical endpoints must be quantified but cannot be fulfilled by deterministic solvers. Stochastic Bayesian methods have been applied to assess the uncertainties, but the high run time, tedious parameter tuning, and need for specific prior information hinder their practical use. We implement Markov chain Monte Carlo with ensemble samplers (MCMCES) to assess the uncertainties of rock composition or petrophysical endpoints in the Bayesian framework. The resultant posterior probability density functions (PDFs) quantify the uncertainties. Our method has fewer tuning parameters and is more efficient in convergence than the conventional random walk Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods in high-dimensional problems. We present two independent applications of MCMCES in multimineral analysis. We first apply MCMCES to assess the uncertainties in volume fractions with a suite of well logs and petrophysical endpoints. However, defining the petrophysical endpoints can be challenging in complex geological settings because the values of standard endpoints may not be optimal. Next, we use MCMCES to estimate petrophysical endpoints’ posterior PDFs when the endpoints are uncertain. Our methods provide posterior volume-fraction or petrophysical-endpoint realizations for interpreters to evaluate multimineral solutions. We demonstrate our approach with synthetic and field examples. Reproducible results are supplemented with the paper.
Optimum design of 3D reinforced concrete frames using IPGO algorithm
Authors: Kaveh Ali , Ardebili Shaylin Rezazadeh 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this paper, optimum design of three-dimensional (3D) multi-story reinforced concrete (RC) structures is obtained using an improved version of the plasma generation optimization (IPGO) algorithm. The reinforcing bars and geometry of the cross-sections are considered as discrete variables that are chosen from a prearranged section database. The objective function is obtained from the cost of the framework, steel and concrete. The moment and shear frames are selected to design according to the American Concrete Institute’s Building Code (ACI 318-8) requirements. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is investigated in the optimum design of 3D RC frames subjected to lateral seismic forces according to ASCE 7 requirements. Also, moment frames and their shear frame counterparts are considered and compared for optimal design. The results indicate a good performance of the proposed algorithm to find an optimal solution for 3D RC frames.
Spatiotemporal trends in pine wilt disease in China and the impact of climatic factors
Authors: Du Jingjing , Wu Zongren , Zhang Chao , Yu Ailin , Li Ping , Luo Youqing , Shi Juan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Bursaphelenchus xylophilus is number one invasive alien species in China's forestry. Since it invaded China in 1982, it has spread to 18 provinces (cities) in 2020. In order to clarify its expansion law and the impact of climate factors, we collected the the census data of pine wilt disease (PWD) from 2010 to 2020, as well as the meteorological data. The "centroid model" was used to analyze the movement of the centroid of the epidemic area in China, and the results showed that the center of PWD occurrence was basically located in Jiangxi Province. Compared with the centroid position of North America (The native production), the centroid position where PWD occurs in China is southward, and the difference between the two is 10.5195°. By comparing the distribution of south boundary, north boundary and centroid of PWD in the native area of North America, it shows that Bursaphelenchus xylophilus can flourish in all regions of China, and the PWD epidemic in China will spread to the North in the future. In addition, the relationship between PWD epidemic and temperature, precipitation, wind speed, and relative humidity in Jiangxi Province was quantitatively analyzed using redundancy analysis (RDA). It shows that the relationship between PWD and temperature is the most closely, which is positive correlation, followed by precipitation, which is negative correlation. Meanwhile, the effect of wind speed on PWD is second only to precipitation and temperature. These analysis results have certain significance for the prevention and control of PWD.