bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Evaluation of Anti-inflammatory Activity of Some Chalcone Hydrazide Derivatives
Authors: Panaskar Amit N. , Jain Ashish , Mohanty Pradeep Kumar 
Published: March 2022

Aim: Chalcones are part of the selected group of chemical compounds related with diverse pharmacological activities such as antimicrobial, antiviral, antitumor, convulsion, anxiety, anti-inﬂammatory, andanalgesic. The aim of this study was to synthesize chalcones hydrazide derivatives and to evaluate their anti-inflammatory activity in the model of carrageenan induced edema in rats.
Methods: The chalcone hydrazide derivatives were prepared by treating Isonicotinyl and Nicotinyl hydrazide with respective parent chalconeand environmentally friendly solvents with 78–85% yields in approximately 6 hrs. These compounds were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and IR spectroscopy. The structures of synthesised derivatives were evaluated on biological activity at dose of 40 mg/kg and they showed anti-inflammatory protective effect by oral administration, this effect was time dependent.
Results: All the derivatives were given satisfactory reaction yields that representing the efficiency of the employed synthetic route. In carrageenan-induced paw edema model, CL-2derivative showed most significant percentage of inhibition (61.97%) as compared to reference standard Indomethacin.
Conclusion: Compound CL-2 was showed significant anti-inflammatory activity due to presence of electron donating groups like –CH3 on ring A and electron withdrawing group like NO2 on ring B at 4th position in isonicotinyl hydrazide derivative. All synthetic chalcone hydrazide derivatives may be considered as safer drugs for treating inflammatory conditions.
Archaeology, Its Aims and Uses
Authors: Neaves Lord 
Published: March 2022

A transcript of Lord Neaves' speech from the Conversazione that opened the Society's new Museum rooms. He emphasises the wide range of disciplines that are relevant to antiquarian studies and highlights what he believes are some of the most important parts of the Museum's collections. He also notes some artefacts that he feels the museum is missing and what benefits they could bring to antiquarian studies.

Meeting notes for 9 January, 1860 are appended. At this meeting, Alexander Henry Rhind donated nearly 700 Egyptian artefacts from his excavations in Thebes to the Museum. Presentations were also made at this meeting by Mr Le Blanc and Cosmo Innes but were not later expanded into articles for the Proceedings.
Notice of the Account-book of Andrew Halyburton, Conservator of the Privileges of the Scottish Nation in the Low Countries, 1493-1504
Authors: Robertson Joseph 
Published: March 2022

The author uses the ledger of a Scottish merchant, Andrew Halyburton, to discuss the imports and exports from Scotland in the sixteenth century. He notes that in addition to trading goods between Scotland and Europe, Halyburton also performed some of the functions of an international banker.

Meeting notes for 13 February, 1860 are appended. The provenance of several donations are included in the meeting notes.
Notes on Clock and Watch Making; with Descriptions of several Antique Timekeepers deposited in the Museum
Authors: Bryson Alex 
Published: March 2022

An account of the history of timekeeping and watchmaking in Britain and Europe. The article ends with a list of watches donated to the Society by the author, including any information he has on their makers or owners.

Meeting notes for 21 May, 1860 are appended.
Sistematização de um Modelo de Prospecção Tecnológica com as Ferramentas Espacenet e Iramuteq: aplicação para banco de dados de patentes verdes do elemento fósforo
Authors: Nascimento Tatiana Costa , Cajavilca Erick Samuel Rojas , Santos Aline Teles 
Published: March 2022

A presente pesquisa busca sistematizar um modelo com ferramentas open source a fim de auxiliar pesquisadores, oficinas de transferência de tecnologia, startups, universidades, empresas e outras instituições nas atividades de mineração de dados textuais e prospecção tecnológica de patentes. Para isso, desenvolvemos um software denominado Espaceteq para contribuir nas tarefas de agrupamento, classificação e análise das associações por meio de relatórios gráficos e numéricos do banco de dados pesquisado. Esse sistema pode ser operado off-line/on-line e em vários sistemas operacionais: Unix, Windows e OS. Por fim, é um software de tamanho médio, operando com mais de 10.000 registros.
High‐Performance Circularly Polarized Electroluminescence with Simultaneous Narrowband Emission, High Efficiency, and Large Dissymmetry Factor
Authors: Chen Zhanxiang , Zhong Cheng , Han Jianmei , Miao Jingsheng , Qi Yanyu , Zou Yang , Xie Guohua , Gong Shaolong , Yang Chuluo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOrganic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) that can simultaneously achieve narrowband emission, high efficiency, and circularly polarized luminescence remain a formidable challenge. In this study, a simple strategy is developed to address this challenge. A chiral exciplex‐forming co‐host is first designed by employing a chiral donor and an achiral acceptor molecule. The chiral exciplex host enables an achiral green multiple‐resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitter to achieve high‐performance circularly polarized electroluminescence (CP‐EL) with a high external quantum efficiency of 33.2%, large electroluminescence dissymmetry factor of 2.8 × 10−3, and a small full‐width at half‐maximum of 42 nm. This work provides a general approach for realizing CP‐EL using easily available achiral emitters and can significantly extend the scope of circularly polarized OLEDs.
Biobased Elastomer Nanofibers Guide Light‐Controlled Human‐iPSC‐Derived Skeletal Myofibers
Authors: Cheesbrough Aimee , Sciscione Fabiola , Riccio Federica , Harley Peter , R'Bibo Lea , Ziakas Georgios , Darbyshire Arnold , Lieberam Ivo , Song Wenhui 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGenerating skeletal muscle tissue that mimics the cellular alignment, maturation, and function of native skeletal muscle is an ongoing challenge in disease modeling and regenerative therapies. Skeletal muscle cultures require extracellular guidance and mechanical support to stabilize contractile myofibers. Existing microfabrication‐based solutions are limited by complex fabrication steps, low throughput, and challenges in measuring dynamic contractile function. Here, the synthesis and characterization of a new biobased nanohybrid elastomer, which is electrospun into aligned nanofiber sheets to mimic the skeletal muscle extracellular matrix, is presented. The polymer exhibits remarkable hyperelasticity well‐matched to that of native skeletal muscle (≈11–50 kPa), with ultimate strain ≈1000%, and elastic modulus ≈25 kPa. Uniaxially aligned nanofibers guide myoblast alignment, enhance sarcomere formation, and promote a ≈32% increase in myotube fusion and ≈50% increase in myofiber maturation. The elastomer nanofibers stabilize optogenetically controlled human induced pluripotent stem cell derived skeletal myofibers. When activated by blue light, the myofiber–nanofiber hybrid constructs maintain a significantly higher (>200%) contraction velocity and specific force (>280%) compared to conventional culture methods. The engineered myofibers exhibit a power density of ≈35 W m−3. This system is a promising new skeletal muscle tissue model for applications in muscular disease modeling, drug discovery, and muscle regeneration.
Controlled Crystal Plane Orientations in the ZnO Transport Layer Enable High‐Responsivity, Low‐Dark‐Current Infrared Photodetectors
Authors: Parmar Darshan H. , M. Pina Joao , Zhu Tong , Vafaie Maral , Atan Ozan , Biondi Margherita , Najjariyan Amin M. , Hoogland Sjoerd , Sargent Edward H. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractColloidal quantum dots (CQD) have emerged as attractive materials for infrared (IR) photodetector (PD) applications because of their tunable bandgaps and facile processing. Presently, zinc oxide is the electron‐transport layer (ETL) of choice in CQD PDs; however, ZnO relies on continuous ultraviolet (UV) illumination to remove adsorbed oxygen and maintain high external quantum efficiency (EQE), speed, and photocurrent. Here, it is shown that ZnO is dominated by electropositive crystal planes which favor excessive oxygen adsorption, and that this leads to a high density of trap states, an undesired shift in band alignment, and consequent poor performance. Over prolonged operation without UV exposure, oxygen accumulates at the electropositive planes, trapping holes and degrading performance. This problem is addressed by developing an electroneutral plane composition at the ZnO surface, aided by atomic layer deposition (ALD) as the means of materials processing. It is found that ALD ZnO has 10× lower binding energy for oxygen than does conventionally deposited ZnO. IR CQD PDs made with this ETL do not require UV activation to maintain low dark current and high EQE.
Realization of a Half Metal with a Record‐High Curie Temperature in Perovskite Oxides
Authors: Liu Zhehong , Zhang Shuaikang , Wang Xiao , Ye Xubin , Qin Shijun , Shen Xudong , Lu Dabiao , Dai Jianhong , Cao Yingying , Chen Kai , Radu Florin , Wu Wen‐Bin , Chen Chien‐Te , Francoual Sonia , Mardegan José R. L. , Leupold Olaf , Tjeng Liu Hao , Hu Zhiwei , Yang Yi‐feng , Long Youwen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHalf metals, in which one spin channel is conducting while the other is insulating with an energy gap, are theoretically considered to comprise 100% spin‐polarized conducting electrons, and thus have promising applications in high‐efficiency magnetic sensors, computer memory, magnetic recording, and so on. However, for practical applications, a high Curie temperature combined with a wide spin energy gap and large magnetization is required. Realizing such a high‐performance combination is a key challenge. Herein, a novel A‐ and B‐site ordered quadruple perovskite oxide LaCu3Fe2Re2O12 with the charge format of Cu2+/Fe3+/Re4.5+ is reported. The strong Cu2+(↑)Fe3+(↑)Re4.5+(↓) spin interactions lead to a ferrimagnetic Curie temperature as high as 710 K, which is the reported record in perovskite‐type half metals thus far. The saturated magnetic moment determined at 300 K is 7.0 μB f.u.−1 and further increases to 8.0 μB f.u.−1 at 2 K. First‐principles calculations reveal a half‐metallic nature with a spin‐down conducting band while a spin‐up insulating band with a large energy gap up to 2.27 eV. The currently unprecedented realization of record Curie temperature coupling with the wide energy gap and large moment in LaCu3Fe2Re2O12 opens a way for potential applications in advanced spintronic devices at/above room temperature.
“Urea to Urea” Approach: Access to Unsymmetrical Ureas Bearing Pyridyl Substituents
Authors: Kasatkina Svetlana O. , Geyl Kirill K. , Baykov Sergey V. , Novikov Mikhail S. , Boyarskiy Vadim P. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA protocol for the synthesis of unsymmetrical ureas substituted by pyridyl/quinolinyl moiety has been developed. This method concluded in metal‐ and base‐free reamination of N,N‐dimethyl‐N‘‐hetaryl ureas with a wide range of aryl and alkyl amines. The isolated yields vary from 40 to 96% depending on the nucleophilicity of the amines. The scope of this method includes more than 50 examples. The reaction is not hindered by either donor or acceptor groups as well as diverse functionalities. The synthesis can be easily scaled to gram quantities. Theoretical calculations supported by experimental data allowed us to propose a plausible mechanism for the process. This reaction takes place through the intermediate formation of hetaryl isocyanate.magnified image
Applications of Machine Learning in Alloy Catalysts: Rational Selection and Future Development of Descriptors
Authors: Yang Ze , Gao Wang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAt present, alloys have broad application prospects in heterogeneous catalysis, due to their various catalytic active sites produced by their vast element combinations and complex geometric structures. However, it is the diverse variables of alloys that lead to the difficulty in understanding the structure‐property relationship for conventional experimental and theoretical methods. Fortunately, machine learning methods are helpful to address the issue. Machine learning can not only deal with a large number of data rapidly, but also help establish the physical picture of reactions in multidimensional heterogeneous catalysis. The key challenge in machine learning is the exploration of suitable general descriptors to accurately describe various types of alloy catalysts, which help reasonably design catalysts and efficiently screen candidates. In this review, several kinds of machine learning methods commonly used in the design of alloy catalysts is introduced, and the applications of various reactivity descriptors corresponding to different alloy systems is summarized. Importantly, this work clarifies the existing understanding of physical picture of heterogeneous catalysis, and emphasize the significance of rational selection of universal descriptors. Finally, the development of heterogeneous catalytic descriptors for machine learning are presented.
Artificial intelligence and machine learning in emergency medicine: a narrative review
Authors: Mueller Brianna , Kinoshita Takahiro , Peebles Alexander , Graber Mark A. , Lee Sangil 
Published: March 2022

AimThe emergence and evolution of artificial intelligence (AI) has generated increasing interest in machine learning applications for health care. Specifically, researchers are grasping the potential of machine learning solutions to enhance the quality of care in emergency medicine.MethodsWe undertook a narrative review of published works on machine learning applications in emergency medicine and provide a synopsis of recent developments.ResultsThis review describes fundamental concepts of machine learning and presents clinical applications for triage, risk stratification specific to disease, medical imaging, and emergency department operations. Additionally, we consider how machine learning models could contribute to the improvement of causal inference in medicine, and to conclude, we discuss barriers to safe implementation of AI.ConclusionWe intend that this review serves as an introduction to AI and machine learning in emergency medicine.
Synthesis of N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes and Their Complexes by Chloronium Ion Abstraction from 2‐Chloroazolium Salts Using Electron‐Rich Phosphines
Authors: Böhme Matthias D. , Eder Tobias , Röthel Maike B. , Dutschke Patrick D. , Wilm Lukas F. B. , Hahn F. Ekkehardt , Dielmann Fabian 
Published: March 2022

AbstractN‐Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) are commonly prepared by deprotonation of azolium salts using strong anionic bases. This reaction is often unselective, yielding alkali metal NHC complexes or dimerized NHCs. Alternatively, free NHCs are obtained by the dechlorination of 2‐chloroazolium salts using electron‐rich phosphines. PPh3, PCy3, and PtBu3 are unsuitable for Cl+ abstraction, while the sterically encumbered tris(1,3‐tert‐butylimidazolidin‐2‐ylidenamino)phosphine 1 selectively removes Cl+ from 2‐chloroazolium salts. Since bulky 1 does not bind to metal complexes, it was used for the preparation of NHC complexes via in situ Cl+ abstraction from 2‐chloroazolium salts. The dechlorination was employed for the site‐selective monometallation with IrI, IrIII, RhI, RhIII, and RuII of a bis‐NHC precursor composed of a 2‐chlorobenzimidazolium and a 2‐chlorobenzimidazole group, followed by the preparation of the heterobimetallic IrIII/PdII complex [18](BF4)2 by a dechlorination/oxidative addition reaction sequence.
A Crystalline Partially Fluorinated Triazine Covalent Organic Framework for Efficient Photosynthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Wang Haozhen , Yang Chao , Chen Fangshuai , Zheng Gengfeng , Han Qing 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA partially fluorinated, metal‐free, imine‐linked two‐dimensional triazine covalent organic framework (TF50‐COF) photocatalyst was developed. Fluorine (F)‐substituted and nonsubstituted units were integrated in equimolar amounts on the edge aromatic units, where they mediated two‐electron O2 photoreduction. F‐substitution created an abundance of Lewis acid sites, which regulated the electronic distribution of adjacent carbon atoms and provided highly active sites for O2 adsorption, and widened the visible‐light‐responsive range of the catalyst, while enhancing charge separation. Varying the proportion of F maximized the interlayer interactions of TF50‐COF, resulting in improved crystallinity with faster carrier transfer and robust photostability. The TF50‐COF catalyst demonstrates high selectivity and stability in O2 photoreduction into H2O2, with a high H2O2 yield rate of 1739 μmol h−1 g−1 and a remarkable apparent quantum efficiency of 5.1 % at 400 nm, exceeding the performance of previously reported nonmetal COF‐based photocatalysts.
Structurally Disordered RuO2 Nanosheets with Rich Oxygen Vacancies for Enhanced Nitrate Electroreduction to Ammonia
Authors: Wang Yuting , Li Hongjiao , Zhou Wei , Zhang Xi , Zhang Bin , Yu Yifu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractElectrochemical reduction of nitrate pollutants to ammonia has emerged as an attractive alternative for ammonia synthesis. Currently, many strategies have been developed for enhancing nitrate reduction to ammonia (NRA) efficiency, but the influence of the degree of structural disorder is still unexplored. Here, carbon‐supported RuO2 nanosheets with adjustable crystallinity are synthesized by a facile molten salt method. The as‐synthesized amorphous RuO2 displays high ammonia Faradaic efficiency (97.46 %) and selectivity (96.42 %), greatly outperforming the crystalline counterparts. The disordered structure with abundant oxygen vacancies is revealed to modulate the d‐band center and hydrogen affinity, thus lowering the energy of the potential‐determining step (NH2*→NH3*).
A novel cubic Zn‐citric acid‐based MOF as a highly efficient and reusable catalyst for the synthesis of pyranopyrazoles and 5‐substituted 1H‐tetrazoles
Authors: Koolivand Mostafa , Nikoorazm Mohsen , Ghorbani‐Choghamarani Arash , Mohammadi Masoud 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA highly stable and efficient heterogeneous catalyst was successfully prepared by hydrothermal reaction of Zinc nitrate with citric acid. To produce a novel Zn‐based MOF catalyst, Zn ions were coordinated with the ligand functional groups that can be regarded as an alpha‐hydroxy acid containing three carboxylic acids (COOH) and one hydroxyl (OH) group attached to the three‐carbon skeleton. It was found that the Zn‐CA‐MOFs compound can participate as a catalyst in the synthesis of 5‐substituted 1H‐tetrazole and pyranopyrazole molecules, selectively and efficiently with high yield in a short period of time. As presented, the catalyst demonstrates excellent reusability and stability and can be recycled up to five times without significant loss of reactivity. Heterogeneity analysis showed that no leaching of active Zn species occurred during the recycling process of the heterogeneous Zn‐CA‐MOFs.
Directed high‐χ block copolymer self‐assembly by laser writing on silicon substrate
Authors: Jin Hyeong Min , Lee Su Eon , Kim Simon , Kim Ju Young , Han Young‐Soo , Kim Bong Hoon 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPolymer self‐assembly commonly suffers from retarded equilibrium structure formation caused by the large diffusion barrier of long‐chain molecules. In particular, the defect annihilation kinetics of high‐χ block copolymers (BCPs) are generally sluggish because of a slow inter‐block chain diffusion process from strong inter‐block segregation. Therefore, long‐range order of high‐χ BCPs still hard to be obtained by conventional approaches. Here, we introduce near‐infrared laser photothermal treatment to effectively promote high‐χ BCP self‐assembly and demonstrating highly aligned nanoscale patterned structures on silicon substrates. Adequate molecular weight selection of high‐χ PS‐b‐P2VP system enables one‐time laser hot‐zone annealing, resulting in highly ordered nanodomains along laser writing direction. Facile sub‐sequential metal ion loading to P2VP cylinders enables the formation of highly aligned metal nanowires. Moreover, a commonly used silicon substrate without a photoabsorbing layer is employed as a photo‐thermal substrate, demonstrating that the laser writing process is compatible with conventional semiconductor processes.
Time‐dependent failure of off‐axis loaded unidirectional glass/iPP composites
Authors: Erartsin Ozan , Amiri‐Rad Ahmad , van Drongelen Martin , Govaert Leon E. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn our previous study, we demonstrated that the time‐dependent failure of transversely loaded UD (unidirectional) glass/iPP is fully plasticity‐controlled and proposed a lifetime prediction method based on plasticity to predict transverse failure. In the present work, extending our previous study to other off‐axis angles, we aim to investigate the effect of the off‐axis angle on the time‐dependent failure of UD glass/iPP, and to propose a lifetime prediction method for the off‐axis failure. Glass/iPP specimens with different off‐axis angles are tested at various strain rates, creep, and fatigue loads to characterize the anisotropic, time‐dependent mechanical response. It is demonstrated that the influences of strain rate and fiber orientation angle on tensile strength are multiplicatively separable; also referred to as factorizable, enabling one to characterize the angle dependence at a single strain rate and the strain rate dependence at a single angle. Moreover, similar to transverse loading, off‐axis failure is also observed to be plasticity‐controlled. Based on these observations, the lifetime prediction method for the plasticity‐controlled transverse failure is extended to off‐axis loading using the aforementioned factorazibility, which resulted in lifetime predictions in agreement with the experimental creep and fatigue data.
New Cytotoxic Secondary Metabolites from Two Deep‐Sea‐Derived Fungi and the Co‐Culture Impact on the Secondary Metabolic Patterns
Authors: Li Xuanyi , Ge Yichao , Ma Yihan , Wang Shoubao , Li Sihui , Yin Qizhao , Liu Xiaowan , Wie Jihua , Wu Xiaodan , Wu Bin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this study, chemical profiles for two co‐existing deep‐sea‐derived Penicillium fungal strains were thoroughly investigated. Two new compounds and 11 known compounds were identified from Penicillium sp. LXY140‐R, while one new compound and 12 known compounds were isolated from Penicillium sp. LXY140‐3. Their structures were elucidated by extensive 1D and 2D NMR experiments, which were supported by HR‐ESI‐MS data. The antiproliferative activities of all isolates against HCT‐116, A549 and Bel‐7402 cell lines were also evaluated. Compounds 2, 5, 6, 10 and 13 showed potent antiproliferative activity. To reveal the metabolic relationship of the two strains, we conducted co‐culture experiments to discover cross‐talk molecules by a device that allows only small molecule to communicate. Extensive HPLC/MS2 experiments were applied to identify the disturbance of the chemical profiles within the synthetic Penicillium‐Penicillium community. The fungal strain LXY140‐R was found to accumulate mono or multiple‐acetylation derivatives of deoxynivalenol (DON) sesquiterpenes as responsible molecules by the disturbance of the metabolites produced by the LXY140‐3 strain.