bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sweet Potato Flea Beetle and Wireworm Control, 1986
Authors: Snell J. M. , Olson S. M. , Funderburk J. E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Insecticides were applied preplant incorporated (PPI) on 15 May in Gadsden Co., FL on Ruston fine loamy sand. Sweet potato slips were transplanted on 22 May 12 inches apart in 36 inch rows. PPI treatments were applied with a C02 backpack sprayer delivering 25 gal/acre at 30 psi. Granular layby treatments were applied on 31 Jul in 12 inch bands over the row with a ground driven gandy. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design and each plot consisted of 6-row x 30 ft. Early data was taken 15 Sep from row 2 and harvest data was taken 29 Oct from the center 20 ft of rows 3 and 4.
Control of Colorado Potato Beetle with Pydrin in Conventional Till and No-Till Transplanted Tomatoes, 1986
Authors: Linduska James J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Ohio 7870’ tomato transplants were planted both no-till and conventional till in 25 ft rows on 16 May with a 2-row Holland transplanter. The planter was equipped with a 2 inch wide flutted coulter in front of each planter shoe for no-till treatments. Plots consisted of 3 rows with the center row being the record row. The distance between rows was 64 inches and the distance between plants within the row was 12 inches. No-till transplanting was made in overwintered wheat. Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. The soil was a Norfolk “A” loamy sand. All spray treatments were mixed in 10 gal of water and applied with a custom built row crop sprayer. Each row was covered by 6 drop nozzles delivering 50 gal/acre at 90 psi. Treatments were applied 13 Jun and 8 and 22 Jul. In evaluating the treatments, direct counts of the number of Colorado potato beetle/10 plants, % defoliation and plant height were recorded.
Control of Colorado Potato Beetle on No-Till Transplanted Tomatoes, 1986
Authors: Linduska James J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Ohio 7870’ tomato transplants were planted no-till in 25 ft rows on 19 May with a 2-row Holland transplanter equipped with a 2 inch wide flutted coulter in front of each planter shoe. Plots consisted of a single treatment row buffered on each side by an untreated guard row. The distance between rows was 64 inches and the distance between plants within the row was 12 inches. Transplanting was made in overwintered wheat. The plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications.
Potato Leafhopper Control, Missouri (Northern), 1986
Authors: Bailey W. C. , Munson R. E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experimental plots measuring 40 × 40 ft were established in a 4-year-old stand of alfalfa at the University of Missouri’s North Missouri Center located in Grundy County. Sixteen treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied 20 Jun at 16.5 gal/acre using 8002 flat fan nozzles, 50 mesh screens, and 20 lb/square inch pressure on a 20 ft tractor-mounted boom. The alfalfa was 10-12 inches tall at treatment time with a temperature near 85°F and no wind. PLH populations were estimated by 10 (180 degree) sweeps with a 15-inch sweep net at 3, 7, 14, and 24 days posttreatment. Measurable precipitation fell on 13 of the 24 days following treatment. The data were transformed by for analytical purposes, but actual counts of potato leafhopper (PLH) nymphs and adults were combined and expressed as means in the table.
Evaluation of Insecticides for Control of Alfalfa Weevil Larvae, 1986
Authors: DePew L. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The efficacy of 7 insecticides for the control of alfalfa weevil larvae was tested at the Southwest Kansas Branch Experiment Station near Garden City, KS. Plots measuring 3.6 m X 9.0 m were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Treatments were applied on 11 Apr when alfalfa was 25.4 cm tall. Insecticides were applied using a C02-activated, 1.8 cm boom sprayer fitted with hollow-cone nozzles (6x) centered on 48.3 cm. All treatments were applied at a pressure of 2.1 kg/cm2 and at a rate of 165.5 liters/ha. Temperature at application (early morning) was 10.0°C. Larval densities were determined from 20 stems randomly selected from each plot on each of 4 sampling dates. Larvae were extracted from the foliage by shaking the plant stems against the side of a white plastic bucket prior to counting. Total rainfall from the time of application to final posttreatment evaluation was 1.50 cm.
Apple, Kelthane Phytotoxicity Study, 1986
Authors: Hogmire Henry W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Three formulations were applied at 3 lb Al/acre to 5 tree plots of 22-year-old trees in a single row. Applications were made with a Swanson DA500A airblast sprayer which traveled at 3.86 k/hr and delivered 935 1/ha. Dates of application were 9 May (petal fall) and 3 Jun. Other materials applied separately to all treatments were Benlate, Bordeaux mixture, Captan, Cygon, Dithane M-45, Dithane Z-78, Cuthion, Lannate, Lorsban, Nudrin, Oil, Penncap-M, Phosphamidon, Polyram, Solubor, Streptomycin, Topsin-M and Trithion. Both leaves and fruit were examined for phytotoxicity. The degree of russeting (finish rating) was determined by sampling 100 fruit from each of 5 replications at harvest.
Alfalfa Weevil and Pea Aphid Control in Louisiana, 1986
Authors: Quisenberry Sharron , Wilson Howard , Rabb James L. , Micinski Steve 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
An insecticide efficacy test was conducted at the Red River Research Station on a stand of ‘Fla 77’ alfalfa. Treatments were applied during the vegetative growth stage when plants were ca. 16 cm tall. Plots, 9.0 by 4.5 m, were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. Insecticide sprays were applied on 6 Mar with a CO2 backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 161.5 liters/ha, using 8002 flat-fan nozzles on a 2.1 m boom. Conditions at treatment were &lt;8 krn/h wind with air and water temperatures of ca. 17°C and 14°C, respectively. Samples were obtained at pretreatment and at 3, 7, 14 and 21 days posttreatment with a 38-cm diam sweep-net by taking 10 pendulum sweeps per plot. Each sample was bagged and frozen for later separation and counting.
Control of Alfalfa Weevil Larvae in Tennessee, 1986
Authors: Shamiyeh N. B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Twenty-five insecticide treatments were evaluated in a 4-yr-old stand of alfalfa at the Middle Tennessee Experiment Station, Spring Hill. Plots were 20 × 20 ft replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Blocks were separated by 15 ft alleys. Furadan 4 F (1.0 lb (Al)/acre) was applied on 6 Mar when the alfalfa was in the stubble stage. All other treatments were applied on 4 Apr when 90% of the tips were infested. Insecticides were applied using a tractor mounted CO2-powered 10 ft boom sprayer at the rate of 30 gal/acre. Insect samples were collected on 7, 11 and 18 Apr using a 15 inch insect net and consisted of 5 pendulum sweeps from each plot. Pre-treatment means were 16 alfalfa weevil larvae (AWL) per 5 sweeps. A 5 × 20 ft strip was harvested from the middle of each plot on 6 May. Subsamples were dried for yield determinations.
Armyworm Control on Field Corn, 1986
Authors: Bowman James S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This study was conducted on a commercial field on the Harry Bodwell farm in Kensington (Rockingham Co.), NH. 'Cornell 281' seed was no-till planted on 1 Jun into an area that had previously been a mixed hay field. On 3 Jun, 'Cornell 281' seed that had been treated with a combination of Magnum 90ST and Escort I was hand-planted 9 inches (measured) apart within the same rows along with the machine-planted corn. As soon as the earlier machine-planted corn began to emerge, it was removed from the row. An extra check plot was included to accommodate this treatment. The plots consisted of 2 30 ft long rows and each treatment was replicated 4 times and arranged in a randomized block design. On 8 Jul the block was in whorl stage and an average of 19% of the corn plants were injured by armyworms. Spray treatments were applied using a COs pressurized (35 psi) single flat fan nozzle hand held sprayer that delivered 12.8 gal/acre directed into the whorls. At 8 days after the spray applications and 43 days after planting the seed treatment, the number of injured plants was determined and compared to a similar reading made the day sprays were applied 8 days earlier. The injured plants were dissected and the number of live armyworm larvae recorded.
Efficacy of Comite Against Spider Mites Corn, Aerial Test, 1986
Authors: Bushman L. L. , Chowdhury M. A. , Harrison Lloyd 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experiments were conducted in 2 corn fields (south and north fields) less than 1 mile apart in Finney County, KS. The south field was under center pivot irrigation and the north field was furrow-irrigated. Two treatments and a check were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 3 rephcations in each field. Treatments were applied with a Thrush 600 fixed wing plane (wing span = 45.5 ft), flying 105 mph using Spraying Systems #5 hollow cone nozzles at 22 psi and delivering a volume of 2 gpa. Treated plots were 75-rows wide (188 ft or 3 plane-swaths). The untreated plots were 50-rows wide (125 ft). Treatments were applied on 21 Jul, ca. 1 week pre-tassel. During application, the sky was overcast, air temperature was 75°F and the wind was 3-8 mph from the SSE. Spider mites were counted weekly on every other leaf (one half plant) of 5 flagged plants in the central part of each plot between 15 Jul and 21 Aug. Mite predator populations were also recorded. Spider mite populations in one south field check plot collapsed by week 3, apparently due to predator mite activity. Therefore, this plot was treated as a missine data value after week 2. The north field was oversprayed with Furadan 4F 1.0 lb Al/acre after the 2-week counts were made.
Insecticide Efficacy Against Second Generation Corn Borers, 1986
Authors: Buschman L. L. , Sloderbeck P. E. , Jardine D. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This experiment was conducted in sprinkler-irrigated corn in Finney county, KS. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. The plots were 4 rows wide × 10 ft and 50 ft long. There were 2 sets of untreated check plots per replicate. The standard insecticide applications were made with a high clearance sprayer using a 10 ft boom with 3 nozzles directed at each row (one nozzle directly over the row and 2 suspended on 18 inch drop hoses). The sprayer was calibrated to deliver 20 gpa with 30 psi of CO2 pressure. The simulated chemigation applications were made using 3 Delvan 100/140, 0.75 inch rain drop nozzles mounted &gt;n the high clearance sprayer at tassel height between the rows. This system was calibrated to deliver 47 gal in 2.4 min for each plot (5430 gpa). This application was equivalent to a 0.2 inch irrigation on the 2 middle rows. For the high volume applications, the chemicals were added to 200 gal of water in the main tank of the sprayer and agitated by recirculation. Treatments were applied on 28 and 29 Jul. The timing of applications was based on the Kansas State University European corn borer model and the presence of corn borer eggs in the field. Corn borer evaluations were made in late Aug by dissecting 10 corn plants in each plot (5 consecutive corn plants in each of the center 2 rows). The number of plants infested with each species of corn borer was recorded. Corn borer and stalk rot were evaluated in late Sep by dissecting 20 plants in each plot (10 consecutive corn plants in each of the 2 center rows). Stalk rot was rated using a scale of 0 to 3; 0—no visible stalk rot; 1—stalk rot present in one node; 2—stalk rot in 2 nodes; and 3—stalk rot found in 3 or more nodes. The plants dissected for stalk rot were also rated for corn borer incidence. Corn grain yields were determined by hand harvesting 20 row-ft Prom each of the 2 center rows in each plot and correcting to 15.5% moisture. Spider mites were counted by visually searching every other leaf (one half plant) of 4 plants in each plot on 7 Aug. Mites were collected from plants in each plot with a small vacuum sampler and a subsample of about 20 mites per plot was mounted for microscopic determination of mite species.
Valuation of Insecticides for Second Generation European Corn Borer Control in Pennsylvania, 1986
Authors: Calvin Dennis , Yocum John 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Six insecticide treatments were evaluated during 1986 at the Southeastern Field Research Laboratory near Landisville, PA for efficacy on second brood European corn borer. A randomized complete block design with 4 replications of 7 treatments was used. Corn plots were 4 rows (30-inch spacing) by 50 ft. Chemical treatments were timed by sampling egg masses to determine the period of peak egg laying. Treatments were applied on 30 Jul, approximately 1 week after peak egg deposition. Granular applications were applied in a 7-inch band over the row using Gandy® applicators mounted on a high clearance sprayer. Plots were evaluated on 26 Sep by dissecting 20 consecutive plants/plot (from one of the center rows) and counting the number of surviving ECB larvae/plant. Yields were not taken in the trial because of uneven stand density and small differences in infestation level. Over 10 inches of rain was recorded between 1 Aug and 1 Sep at the field research laboratory.
Apple, Early Season Aphicide Evaluations, 1986
Authors: Horsburgh R. L. , Cobb L. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experimental materials were applied to mature semi-dwarf York trees using a Bean 35 gal/min hydraulic sprayer operating at 400 psi. Trees were sprayed to runoff. A randomized block design was used and each treatment was replicated 4 times. The Elgetol treatment was applied on 24 Mar while buds were still dormant. Other treatments were applied during the 1/4 inch bud stage on 2 Apr. Effectiveness of materials was evaluated by counting all rosy apple aphid colonies found on the tree during a 3 minute per tree count.
Evaluation of Several Insecticides for Control of a Univoltine Population Of European Corn Borer in Pennsylvania, 1986
Authors: Calvin Dennis 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
No-till corn plots, 4 rows (30-inch row spacing) × 25 ft, were established using a randomized complete block design to evaluate the efficacy of insecticides used for European corn borer control. Eight chemical treatments and an untreated plot were randomly assigned to corn plots within each of the 6 blocks. Chemical treatments were timed by sampling ECB egg masses to estimate the period of peak egg deposition. Treatments were applied on 30 Jun when the majority of egg masses were in the blackhead stage. Granular formulations were applied in a 7-inch band over the rows using Gandy® granular applicators mounted on a high clearance tractor. Treatment plots were evaluated on 9 Sep by dissecting 20 consecutive plants/plot (from one of the center rows) and counting the number of surviving ECB larvae/plant. Plots were harvested on 13 Nov from 120 row-ft (three center rows) using a 3-row harvester. Yield from each plot was adjusted to bu/acre and a 15.5% moisture content.
Field Corn, Post-Emergence Treatments for European Corn Borer Control, 1986
Authors: Fletcher Michael G. , Roberts James E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two granular insecticides were evaluated in Montgomery Co, VA, for control of the European corn borer in no-till field corn when applied 9 and 15 weeks post-planting. Pioneer 3233 field corn was planted no-till in 30 inch rows (over winter rye cover crop) on 4 Apr. Plots were established in a randomized complete block design 4 rows × 50 ft × 4 replicates per treatment. The insecticides were applied with a hand-held applicator over the tops of the rows. A tank mix (paraquat, atrazine, simazine, metolachlor, and 30% liquid nitrogen) was applied the day of planting. The insecticides were applied 6 Jun to 22 Jul. One application was made over each row, assuring uniform coverage. The European corn borer damage per plot was estimated by counting the number of tunnels in 10 plants taken from the 2 center rows of each plot on 19 Sep. Yield data was collected by harvesting the whole ears, as for grain, from 40 row ft from the 2 center rows on 10 Oct. Damage and yield data were subjected to analysis of variance (P = 0.05).
Field Corn, Corn Rootworm Larval Control, 1985
Authors: Oleson J. D. , Gray M. E. , Spike B. P. , Tollefson J. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Rootworm planting-time, soil-insecticide test plots were established at 5 Iowa locations. Two of these locations were also used for cultivation-time tests. The insecticide histories of the test fields were: Nashua and Sutherland—trap crop (no insecticide)/insecticide test plot, yearly alternation for at least the past 4 years; Creston—Counter '85 and '84, no insecticide '83 and '82; Ames—no insecticide '85, Furadan '84 and '82, Counter '83; Newell—no insecticide '85, '83, '82, insecticide test plot '84. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4 replications for the root-protection trials and 8 and 12 replications for the Nashua and Sutherland yield trials respectively. All treatments were applied to 50-ft length rows with 30-inch row spacing. The registered-chemical and yield trials had double-row treatments. All other trials had single-row treatments. Granular insecticide formulations were applied with modified Noble® metering units that had been laboratory-calibrated to accurately deliver material at a tractor speed of 4 mph. Liquid insecticide formulations were applied with a self-contained small plot sprayer pressurized with CO2 Lorsban 50W was applied with a Tee Jet® 8010E nozzle at 13 psi to deliver 20 gpa. All other liquids used a 8004E nozzle with 15 psi to deliver 10 gpa. The applicators were mounted on a 2-row John Deere® Max-Emerge™ 7100 integral planter equipped with ripple coulters. Drag chains were used for incorporation. Cultivation-time granular insecticides were applied with hydraulically-driven Noble units mounted on the front of a tractor. Plastic tubes directed the insecticide to both sides of the plant base for basal applications. A bander positioned directly over the plant whorl was used for whorl applications. Liquid applications were sprayed in a 7-10 inch band at the plant base. Treatments were incorporated with a 2-row, rear-mounted cultivator. In late July, rootworm feeding was evaluated by digging 5 roots from each treatment row and rating the damage on the Iowa 1-6 scale (1 equal to no feeding, and 6 equal to 3 nodes of roots completely destroyed). Chemical phytotoxicity was checked by taking stand counts and plant height measurements for each treatment. Lodging counts were taken at harvest time at Nashua and Sutherland. Analysis of variance was used to analyze the data.
Apple, Full Season Insecticide Evaluations, 1986
Authors: Horsburgh R. L. , Cobb L. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experimental insecticide treatments were applied in a comparative test to Redspur Delicious trees on 14 Apr (pink), 30 Apr (petal fall), 22 May, 12 Jun, 11 Jul, 2 Aug and 22 Aug. Treatments were applied with a Bean 35 gal/min hydraulic sprayer operating at 400 psi. Single tree treatments were used and replicated 4 times in a randomized block design. Trees were sprayed to runoff. White apple leafhoppers were counted on 13 May by randomly selecting 10 leaves per replicate and counting all adults and nymphs present. Effects on mite populations were evaluated by randomly selecting 25 leaves per replicate on several dates throughout the season, brushing with a modified Henderson-McBurnie brushing machine onto glass plates and counting mites and eggs under a binocular microscope. Stethorus punctum counts were made on 2 Jul and 21 Jul by counting adults and larvae in a timed count of 3 minutes per replicate. A sample of 50 apples per tree was examined on 19 Aug to evaluate codling moth damage. Spotted tentiform leafminer populations were evaluated for season long control on 25 Aug by counting mines found on each tree in 3 min. A sample of 100 apples per tree was harvested on 15 Sep to evaluate insect damage and to rate fruit finish. Fruit finish was rated from 1 to 5 (1 being best).
Field Corn, Wireworm Larval Control, 1986
Authors: Oleson J. D. , Gray M. E. , Spike B. P. , Gifford J. M. , Tollefson J. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two plots were established in fields replanted because of wireworm damage. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Granular insecticide treatment were applied to single, 50 ft rows with 30 inch centers. Laboratory-calibrated Noble® metering units, mounted on a 4-row John Deere® model 7100 planter, were used to apply the compounds. Seed treatments were machine planted. Following corn emergence, the seeds/seedlings were carefully extracted from two 1-m sections of row and inspected for damage. Percentage damaged seeds/seedlings and stand counts were used to compare treatments. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance procedures.
Western Corn Rootworm Control, 1986
Authors: Sandvol Larry E. , Cole Wayne 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Corn was planted 21 May 86 in furrow irrigated sandy loam soil. Seven soil insecticides were evaluated in Franklin County, Idaho. Individual plots were 4 rows wide and 34 ft long and arranged in a randomized complete block design. Insecticides were applied preemergence in a 6-inch band over seed row. Insecticide treatments were evaluated for root damage by digging 10 equally spaced plants from the center two rows of each treatment. Roots were evaluated for rootworm feeding damage using a 1-6 damage scale (1 = no discernible damage; 6 = 3 or more nodes destroyed).
A Comparison of the IGR SD115110 0.42E to Selected Pyrethroids and Larvin, 1986
Authors: Burris Gene , Ratchford Kevin , Graves J. B. , Pavloff A. M. , Leonard B. R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two rates of SD115110 0.42E (0.2 and 0.4 lb (AI)/acre) were evaluated against Heliothis spp., boll weevil, mites and aphids in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Plots were 8 rows (40 inch spacing) × 65 ft. Cotton was planted on 25 Apr on a Commerce silt loam soil that was fertilized with 90 lb N/acre preplant. Temik 15G (0.5 lb (AI)/acre) and Terraclor Super × (Terraclor 1.0 lb + Terrazole 0.25 lb (AI)/acre) were applied infurrow behind the planter. Test treatments were applied with a high clearance sprayer equipped with a compressed air system for spraying small plots and delivering 2.5 gal/acre. Applications were made on 9, 20, 24, 30 Jul, and 4 Aug. Guthion 2L (0.25 lb (AI)/acre) was applied on 15 Aug and methyl parathion (0.25 lb (AI)/acre) was applied with the defoliant. Treatment effects on Heliothis spp. and boll weevil were measured by observations on cotton squares on the 2 center rows of each plot. Spider mite and aphid populations were estimated in Aug by collecting 10 leaves (third fully developed terminal leaf) per plot, washing the insects from the leaves onto 200 mesh screens, backwashing them onto lined filter paper (7 cm) and counting them with the aid of a binocular dissecting microscope. Yields were determined by solid picking the 4 row plots with a mechanical harvester on 10 Sep and 16 Oct.