bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The prognostic value of the number of positive lymph nodes and the lymph node ratio in early‐stage cervical cancer
Authors: Olthof Ester P. , Mom Constantijne H. , Snijders Malou L. H. , Wenzel Hans H. B. , van der Velden Jacobus , van der Aa Maaike A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionTo establish the impact of the number of lymph node metastases (nLNM) and the lymph node ratio (LNR) on survival in patients with early‐stage cervical cancer after surgery.Material and methodsIn this nationwide historical cohort study, all women diagnosed between 1995 and 2020 with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) 2009 stage IA2–IIA1 cervical cancer and nodal metastases after radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy from the Netherlands Cancer Registry were selected. Optimal cut‐offs for prognostic stratification by nLNM and LNR were calculated to categorize patients into low‐risk or high‐risk groups. Kaplan–Meier overall survival analysis and flexible parametric relative survival analysis were used to determine the impact of nLNM and LNR on survival. Missing data were imputed.ResultsThe optimal cut‐off point was ≥4 for nLNM and ≥0.177 for LNR. Of the 593 women included, 500 and 501 (both 84%) were categorized into the low‐risk and 93 and 92 (both 16%) into the high‐risk groups for nLNM and LNR, respectively. Both high‐risk groups had a worse 5‐year overall survival (p < 0.001) compared with the low‐risk groups. Being classified into the high‐risk groups is an independent risk factor for relative survival, with excess hazard ratios of 2.4 (95% confidence interval 1.6–3.5) for nLNM and 2.5 (95% confidence interval 1.7–3.8) for LNR.ConclusionsPresenting a patient's nodal status postoperatively by the number of positive nodes, or by the nodal ratio, can support further risk stratification regarding survival in the case of node‐positive early‐stage cervical cancer.
Endometriosis and preterm birth: A Danish cohort study
Authors: Breintoft Kjerstine , Arendt Linn Håkonsen , Uldbjerg Niels , Glavind Maria Tølbøll , Forman Axel , Henriksen Tine Brink 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionEmerging evidence shows that women with endometriosis face a higher risk of preterm birth. However, the pathways are unclear. The objective of this study is to further investigate at different gestational ages the association between endometriosis and different pathways of preterm birth including, medically indicated preterm birth, premature pre‐labor rupture of membranes (PPROM), and spontaneous labor contractions.Material and methodsIn this population‐based cohort study we linked singleton pregnancies from the Aarhus Birth Cohort to the Danish National Patient Registry, the Danish Medical Birth Registry, the Danish National Pathology Registry and Data Bank, and the Danish in vitro fertilization registry to gather information on endometriosis status, outcomes and maternal characteristics. We investigated preterm birth before 37 completed weeks of gestation and very preterm birth before 32 completed weeks of gestation. We explored different pathways including medically indicated preterm birth defined as induction of labor with intact membranes and no prior labor contractions, PPROM defined as rupture of membranes, and spontaneous labor contractions defined as contractions with intact membranes resulting in labor.ResultsWe found that women with endometriosis had an increased risk of preterm birth before 37 gestational weeks overall (adjusted hazard rate [aHR] 1.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3–1.9) and very preterm birth before 32 gestational weeks (aHR 1.8, 95% CI 1.1–2.9) compared with women without endometriosis. Medically indicated preterm birth was more prominent in women with endometriosis in deliveries before 37 gestational weeks (aHR 2.4, 95% CI 1.8–3.2) whereas spontaneous labor contractions were more common before 32 gestational weeks (aHR 2.2, 95% CI 1.1–4.5) in women with endometriosis compared with women without endometriosis. Further, in the analyses restricted to women with a histologically verified diagnosis of endometriosis, the results were strengthened overall and showed that women with endometriosis had an increased risk of PPROM before 32 gestational weeks (aHR 3.49, 95% CI1.36–8.98).ConclusionsEndometriosis was associated with both preterm and very preterm birth; however, apparently through different pathways. Women with endometriosis were more prone to have medically indicated preterm births before 37 gestational weeks and spontaneous preterm births before 32 gestational weeks compared with women without endometriosis.
Early improvement in bowel wall thickness on transperineal ultrasonography predicts treatment success in active ulcerative colitis
Authors: Sagami Shintaro , Kobayashi Taku , Aihara Kanako , Umeda Misaki , Odajima Kazuhiro , Morikubo Hiromu , Asonuma Kunio , Miyatani Yusuke , Fukuda Tomohiro , Matsubayashi Mao , Kiyohara Hiroki , Nakano Masaru , Hibi Toshifumi 
Published: February 2022

SummaryBackgroundBowel ultrasonography is a non‐invasive imaging tool that can repeatedly monitor ulcerative colitis (UC) activity.AimThis study aimed to determine whether early transabdominal or transperineal ultrasonography changes can predict subsequent clinical response to induction therapy in patients with UC.MethodsThis single‐centre prospective study explored ultrasonographic predictors for clinical remission (patient‐reported outcome‐2 ≤ 1 with no rectal bleeding subscore) at week 8 in patients with active UC who underwent induction therapy, in comparison with faecal calprotectin and C‐reactive protein (measured at baseline, week 1 and week 8). Predictive factors were assessed using multivariable regression models and receiver‐operating‐characteristic curve analysis.ResultsA total of 100 patients were analysed, of which 54 achieved remission at week 8. Baseline biomarker and ultrasonographic‐parameter values were not predictive of remission. Contrastingly, change from baseline to week 1 in rectal bowel wall thickness measured using transperineal ultrasonography was an independent predictor of remission by week 8 (adjusted odds ratio is associated with a 1‐mm decrease: 1.90 [95% confidence interval, 1.22–2.95]). In a subgroup analysis of the patients who did not achieve remission in 1 week, the predictive value of change in rectal bowel wall thickness remained high (AUC = 0.77 [95% confidence interval, 0.61–0.88]).ConclusionImprovement in rectal bowel wall thickness measured using transperineal ultrasonography at week 1 predicts treatment success and potentially facilitates decision making during the early course of induction therapy in UC.
A scientific study of late Islamic blue‐white stonepaste wares of Iran
Authors: Ma Yanying , Li Zhimin , Zhang Liangren , Wu Jingwei , Xiong Yingfei , Vahdati Ali , Zhang Jiayang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBlue‐white stonepaste wares were an outgrowth of the bursting innovations of Near Eastern potters striving to imitate Chinese products during the Islamic period. Building on the results of previous research, this paper seeks to increase our knowledge of this type of ceramics by analyzing 16 Qajar period samples from Tepe Naderi in North Khorasan Province, Iran, with stereo microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. It appears that the bodies of these samples are characterized by high silicon and high alkali, a hallmark of the traditional Iranian stonepaste. They are coated with transparent alkali glazes and colored with the chromogenic elements of Cr, Co, Fe and Mn derived from chromite, hematite and cobalt ferrite, the latter of which is the decomposed phase of cobaltite ore known from Qamsar in Iran. The provenance of these samples cannot be probed at present, however, due to the lack of study of contemporaneous ceramics in the Near East.
Barriers of emergent psychological groupness predict stockpiling during the pandemic: Lack of trust, media exposure, and anxiety
Authors: Uysal Mete Sefa 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe stockpiling behaviors during the COVID‐19 pandemic emerged as an example for situations where cooperation is inhibited by lack of trust, media exposure, and increased anxiety. In this paper, I test the hypothesis that stockpiling results from social psychological factors that prevent psychological groupness and cooperation (e.g., low trust in governments and other citizens, high frequency of news exposure, high pandemic anxiety), rather than being an inherently selfish and uncontrollable panic behavior. Specifically, I hypothesized that lower levels of satisfaction with the governments’ COVID‐19 policies, lower trust in people in following physical distancing rules, and more frequent media exposure would predict higher stockpiling behaviors through increased pandemic‐related anxiety. In a cross‐sectional survey study conducted in Turkey and the UK during the first‐wave of the pandemic (N= 5137), I tested a conceptual model via SEM. Findings showed that lower trust in people, lower satisfaction with governments’ COVID‐19 policies, and high exposure to news predicted higher pandemic related anxiety which predicted higher stockpiling in both countries. I discussed that governments policies and media in both countries may be the reason for mass stockpiling behaviors by decreasing predictability and trust.
How student perceptions about online learning difficulty influenced their satisfaction during Canada's Covid‐19 response
Authors: Conrad Colin , Deng Qi , Caron Isabelle , Shkurska Oksana , Skerrett Paulette , Sundararajan Binod 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has posed a significant challenge to higher education and forced academic institutions across the globe to abruptly shift to remote teaching. Because of the emergent transition, higher education institutions continuously face difficulties in creating satisfactory online learning experiences that adhere to the new norms. This study investigates the transition to online learning during Covid‐19 to identify factors that influenced students' satisfaction with the online learning environment. Adopting a mixed‐method design, we find that students' experience with online learning can be negatively affected by information overload, and perceived technical skill requirements, and describe qualitative evidence that suggest a lack of social interactions, class format, and ambiguous communication also affected perceived learning. This study suggests that to digitalize higher education successfully, institutions need to redesign students' learning experience systematically and re‐evaluate traditional pedagogical approaches in the online context.
Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic

University transitions to online learning during the Covid‐19 pandemic were undertaken by faculty and students who had little online learning experience.

The transition to online learning was often described as having a negative influence on students' learning experience and mental health.

Varieties of cognitive load are known predictors of effective online learning experiences and satisfaction.

What this paper adds

Information overload and perceptions of technical abilities are demonstrated to predict students' difficulty and satisfaction with online learning.

Students express negative attitudes towards factors that influence information overload, technical factors, and asynchronous course formats.

Communication quantity was not found to be a significant factor in predicting either perceived difficulty or negative attitudes.

Implications for practice and/or policy

We identify ways that educators in higher education can improve their online offerings and implementations during future disruptions.

We offer insights into student experience concerning online learning environments during an abrupt transition.

We identify design factors that contribute to effective online delivery, educators in higher education can improve students' learning experiences during difficult periods and abrupt transitions to online learning.
The 2021 WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System: An update on pediatric low‐grade gliomas and glioneuronal tumors
Authors: Bale Tejus A. , Rosenblum Marc K. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe 2021 5th edition of the WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System reflects the discovery of genetic alterations underlying many central nervous system (CNS) neoplasms. Insights gained from technologic advances and novel applications in molecular diagnostics, including next‐generation sequencing and DNA methylation‐based profiling, coupled with the recognition of clinicopathologic correlates, have prompted substantial changes to CNS tumor classification; this is particularly true for pediatric low‐grade gliomas and glioneuronal tumors (pLGG/GNTs). The 2021 WHO now classifies gliomas, glioneuronal tumors and neuronal tumors into 6 families, three of which encompass pLGG/LGNTs: “Pediatric type diffuse low‐grade gliomas,” “circumscribed astrocytic gliomas,” and “glioneuronal and neuronal tumors.” Among these are six newly recognized tumor types: “diffuse astrocytoma, MYB or MYBL1‐altered”; “polymorphous low grade neuroepithelial tumor of the young (PLNTY)”; “diffuse low‐grade glioma‐MAPK altered”; “Diffuse glioneuronal tumor with oligodendroglioma‐like features and nuclear clusters (DGONC)”; “myxoid glioneuronal tumor (MGT)”; and “multinodular and vacuolating neuronal tumor (MVNT).” We review these newly recognized entities in the context of general changes to the WHO schema, discuss implications of the new classification for treatment of pLGG/LGNT, and consider strategies for molecular testing and interpretation.
Varieties of employment equity architectures in Canada: An interprovincial comparison
Authors: Turgeon Luc , Doris Julien , Gagnon Alain‐G. , Caruso Jennifer L. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis research note explores approaches adopted by Canadian provinces to promote more representative provincial government bureaucracies. Three dimensions of employment equity are analyzed and compared for each province: the governance framework, the groups targeted, and the data reported. Each province is classified as belonging to one of four “employment equity architectures”: the absent architecture, the minimalist architecture, the partial architecture, and the comprehensive architecture. Overall, this note establishes the continuing existence of major differences in provincial approaches to fostering employment equity.
Multiple cancer type classification by small RNA expression profiles with plasma samples from multiple facilities
Authors: Suzuki Kuno , Igata Hideyoshi , Abe Motoki , Yamamoto Yusuke ,   small RNA based cancer classification project
Published: February 2022

AbstractLiquid biopsy is expected to be a promising cancer screening method because of its low invasiveness and the possibility of detecting multiple types in a single test. In the last decade, many studies on cancer detection using small RNAs in blood have been reported. To put small RNA tests into practical use as a multiple cancer type screening test, it is necessary to develop a method that can be applied to multiple facilities. We collected samples of eight cancer types and healthy controls from 20 facilities to evaluate the performance of cancer type classification. A total of 2,475 cancer samples and 496 healthy control samples were collected using a standardized protocol. After obtaining a small RNA expression profile, we constructed a classification model and evaluated its performance. First, we investigated the classification performance using samples from five single facilities. Each model showed areas under the receiver curve (AUC) ranging from 0.67 to 0.89. Second, we performed principal component analysis (PCA) to examine the characteristics of the facilities. The degree of hemolysis and the data acquisition period affected the expression profiles. Finally, we constructed the classification model by reducing the influence of these factors, and its performance had an AUC of 0.76. The results reveal that small RNA can be used for the classification of cancer types in samples from a single facility. However, interfacility biases will affect the classification of samples from multiple facilities. These findings will provide important insights to improve the performance of multiple cancer type classifications using small RNA expression profiles acquired from multiple facilities.
Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Endometrial Cancer (ACE) trial: A randomized phase II study for advanced endometrial carcinoma
Authors: Egawa‐Takata Tomomi , Ueda Yutaka , Ito Kimihiko , Hori Kensuke , Tadahiro Shoji , Nagasawa Takayuki , Nishio Shin , Ushijima Kimio , Koji Nishino , Enomoto Takayuki , Kikuchi Akira , Honma Shigeru , Oishi Tetsuro , Shimada Muneaki , Takei Yuji , Fujiwara Hiroyuki , Tanabe Hiroshi , Okamoto Aikou , Nishio Yukihiro , Yamada Tomomi , Kimura Tadashi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study evaluated the feasibility and efficacy of three postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy regimens for endometrial cancer. Endometrioid cancer patients with intermediate‐risk stage I and II or high‐risk stage III and IV disease were randomly assigned to receive six cycles of either paclitaxel‐epirubicin‐carboplatin (TEC), paclitaxel‐anthracycline (doxorubicin)‐carboplatin (TAC), or dose‐dense paclitaxel‐carboplatin (ddTC). The primary end‐point was the completion rate (CRate) of six cycles of treatment. The secondary end‐points were progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). One hundred and one patients were treated as follows: 33 received TEC, 33 TAC, and 35 ddTC. The CRates for TEC, TAC, and ddTC were 94%, 64%, and 69%, respectively (P = .005). The TEC CRate was significantly higher than for the other two groups. However, the PFS and OS outcomes were not statistically different between the three groups. The 2‐year survival rates were 94%, 97%, and 97% for TEC, TAC, and ddTC, respectively. When compared to the current standard treatments for endometrial cancer, TEC is a promising candidate for a phase III trial based on its significantly superior CRate and equivalent PFS and OS. This study is registered with UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN000008911).
Association between germline pathogenic variants and breast cancer risk in Japanese women: The HERPACC study
Authors: Kasugai Yumiko , Kohmoto Tomohiro , Taniyama Yukari , Koyanagi Yuriko N. , Usui Yoshiaki , Iwase Madoka , Oze Isao , Yamaguchi Rui , Ito Hidemi , Imoto Issei , Matsuo Keitaro 
Published: February 2022

AbstractApproximately 5%–10% of breast cancers are hereditary, caused by germline pathogenic variants (GPVs) in breast cancer predisposition genes. To date, most studies of the prevalence of GPVs and risk of breast cancer for each gene based on cases and noncancer controls have been conducted in Europe and the United States, and little information from Japanese populations is available. Furthermore, no studies considered confounding by established environmental factors and single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified in genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) together in GPV evaluation. To evaluate the association between GPVs in nine established breast cancer predisposition genes including BRCA1/2 and breast cancer risk in Japanese women comprehensively, we conducted a case‐control study within the Hospital‐based Epidemiologic Research Program at Aichi Cancer Center (629 cases and 1153 controls). The associations between GPVs and the risk of breast cancer were assessed by odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using logistic regression models adjusted for potential confounders. A total of 25 GPVs were detected among all cases (4.0%: 95% CI: 2.6–5.9), whereas four individuals carried GPVs in all controls (0.4%). The OR for breast cancer by all GPVs and by GPVs in BRCA1/2 was 12.2 (4.4–34.0, p = 1.74E‐06) and 16.0 (4.2–60.9, p = 5.03E‐0.5), respectively. A potential confounding with GPVs was observed for the GWAS‐identified SNPs, whereas not for established environmental risk factors. In conclusion, GPVs increase the risk of breast cancer in Japanese women regardless of environmental factors and GWAS‐identified SNPs. Future studies investigating interactions with environment and SNPs are warranted.
Investigating the impact of a home‐centred cognitive development support programme on the cognitive development of infants aged between 18 and 24 months
Authors: Atli Sibel , Baran Gülen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe experiences acquired in the first years when development and learning are most rapid make up the basis for subsequent periods. The aim in this research to determine whether the ‘Home‐Centered Cognitive Development Support Program’, delivered to socio‐economically disadvantaged infants aged between 18 and 24 months, had an impact on the cognitive development of the infants.MethodsAn experimental design with pre‐test, post‐test and retention test control group was used as methodology for the research. Thirty infants, 15 in the experiment group and 15 in the control group, were included in the study. The Cognitive Assessment Tool for Young Children ‐ CAYC, which was adapted to Turkish, was used to measure the cognitive development of infants in the study. In line with the objective of the study, a cognitive development support programme was implemented for infants aged 18 to 24 months, 2 days a week during 12 weeks, through home visits. To assess the effectiveness of the programme, pre‐test, post‐test and retention test results were compared.ResultsBased on the results of the study, the Home‐Centered Cognitive Development Support Program revealed a significant difference in the cognitive development of infants in the experiment group. The post‐test mean score for all infants in the experimental group was significantly higher compared with the pre‐test score.ConclusionThe outcomes related to the Home‐Centered Cognitive Development Support Program, which was applied individually to infants aged between 18 and 24 months, were discussed in terms of the cognitive development of the infants.
The risks and opportunities of the COVID‐19 crisis for building longitudinal evidence on today’s early childhood education programs
Authors: Weiland Christina , Morris Pamela 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn the United States, the long‐term effects of early childhood programs have been given particular weight in research on early childhood education and in policy debates about the value of prekindergarten. Many research teams were building the evidence base on U.S. early childhood programs to inform that discussion when studies were upended by the COVID‐19 pandemic. In this article, we describe the theoretical and practical risks the COVID‐19 pandemic poses for longitudinal studies of preschool intervention programs. We also discuss the potential opportunities the crisis offers by introducing new variation in postprogram experiences for addressing new questions. The article intersects the resilience and disaster literatures with theoretical frameworks for the persistence of preschool effects. We conclude with recommendations for how longitudinal studies of cohorts affected by COVID‐19 can enhance our understanding of the mechanisms behind the persistence of preschool effects.