bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Posterior Septal Nasal Floor Mucosal Flap for Cranial Base Reconstruction
Authors: Bowen Andrew Jay , Eltahir Ahmed , Goates Andrew J. , Rezende Natalia , Leonel Luciano , Graepel Stephen , Xie Katherine Z. , Van Gompel Jamie , Peris‐Celda Maria , Choby Garret , Pinheiro‐Neto Carlos D. 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveWhile pedicled intranasal flaps, such as the nasoseptal flap (NSF), successfully reduce postoperative CSF leaks following endoscopic endonasal approaches (EEA) to the skull base, morbidity remains prevalent. This study describes the first cadaveric description and radiographic analysis of the posterior septal nasal floor mucosal flap (PSNF) designed to reduce pedicled nasal flap morbidity. A case series is also detailed.Study DesignCadaveric dissection, radiographic analysis, and case series.MethodsSeven cadaver specimens underwent harvest of the PSNF. PSNF flap dimensions were measured on the thirty deidentified sinus computed tomography (CT) scans. A retrospective case series was performed on the first set of patients who received the PSNF for reconstruction of a sellar base defect. Information concerning complications, symptoms, and the appearance of the flap was recorded from records of the patient's postoperative inpatient stay, 1‐week postop visit, and 1‐month postop visit.ResultsCadaver dissection of the PSNF flap demonstrated good arc rotation along its pedicle with ability to cover both sellar and planum defects. Cadaveric flap measurements and CT‐derived measurements estimated a mean surface area of 16.7 and 18.3 cm2, respectively. 15 patients underwent reconstruction of a sellar or planum defect using the PSNF technique. Only one CSF leak was encountered postoperatively. Minimal crusting of the flap and donor site was seen 1 month postoperatively.ConclusionThe PSNF flap provides a sizeable pedicled region for reconstruction comparable to other pedicled nasal flaps. Our case series demonstrated good postoperative outcomes without reduced donor site morbidity.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 132:1561–1568, 2022
Comparison of SNOT‐25 and ENS6Q in evaluating patients with empty nose syndrome
Authors: Huang Chien‐Chia , Wu Pei‐Wen , Lee Cheng‐Chi , Huang Chi‐Che , Fu Chia‐Hsiang , Chang Po‐Hung , Lee Ta‐Jen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectivesPatients with empty nose syndrome (ENS) experience paradoxical nasal obstruction and various psychological burdens. This study aimed to compare ENS‐specific questionnaires of sino‐nasal outcome test‐25 (SNOT‐25) and empty nose syndrome 6‐item questionnaire (ENS6Q) in the peri‐operative evaluation of ENS.MethodsThis was a prospective case series study. Patients with ENS were recruited and evaluated with the SNOT‐25, ENS6Q, beck depression inventory‐II (BDI‐II), and beck anxiety inventory (BAI) before and 6 months after nasal reconstruction surgery.ResultsSeventy‐four ENS patients were enrolled during the study period. All four evaluations revealed significant improvements after surgery. Pre‐operative SNOT‐25 scores exhibited a significant correlation with pre‐operative ENS6Q (r = 0.682), BDI‐II (r = 0.485), and BAI scores (r = 0.608) (p < 0.001), as well as a weak correlation with post‐operative SNOT‐25 (r = 0.336), BDI‐II (r = 0.266), and BAI scores (r = 0.235) (p < 0.05). Additionally, pre‐operative ENS6Q scores were significantly correlated with pre‐operative BDI‐II (r = 0.434), BAI (r = 0.521) (p < 0.001), and post‐operative ENS6Q scores (r = 0.262, p < 0.05). However, there was no correlation between pre‐operative ENS6Q scores and post‐operative BDI‐II and BAI scores.ConclusionsBoth SNOT‐25 and ENS6Q were helpful in evaluating peri‐operative symptoms for patients with ENS. Although the ENS6Q score had a good correlation with the BDI‐II and BAI scores preoperatively, it was not associated with post‐operative BDI‐II and BAI scores. Hence, a simultaneous psychological assessment is necessary when evaluating patients using the ENS6Q.Level of Evidence: 2c
Use of neural network models to predict liver transplantation waitlist mortality
Authors: Nagai Shunji , Nallabasannagari Anubhav Reddy , Moonka Dilip , Reddiboina Madhu , Yeddula Sirisha , Kitajima Toshihiro , Francis Iman , Abouljoud Marwan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Current liver transplantation (LT) organ allocation relies on Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease–sodium scores to predict mortality in patients awaiting LT. This study aims to develop neural network (NN) models that more accurately predict LT waitlist mortality. The study evaluates patients listed for LT between February 27, 2002, and June 30, 2021, using the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network/United Network for Organ Sharing registry. We excluded patients listed with Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease (MELD) exception scores and those listed for multiorgan transplant, except for liver–kidney transplant. A subset of data from the waiting list was used to create a mortality prediction model at 90 days after listing with 105,140 patients. A total of 28 variables were selected for model creation. The data were split using random sampling into training, validation, and test data sets in a 60:20:20 ratio. The performance of the model was assessed using area under the receiver operating curve (AUC‐ROC) and area under the precision‐recall curve (AUC‐PR). AUC‐ROC for 90‐day mortality was 0.936 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.934–0.937), and AUC‐PR was 0.758 (95% CI, 0.754–0.762). The NN 90‐day mortality model outperformed MELD‐based models for both AUC‐ROC and AUC‐PR. The 90‐day mortality model specifically identified more waitlist deaths with a higher recall (sensitivity) of 0.807 (95% CI, 0.803–0.811) versus 0.413 (95% CI, 0.409–0.418; p < 0.001). The performance metrics were compared by breaking the test data set into multiple patient subsets by ethnicity, gender, region, age, diagnosis group, and year of listing. The NN 90‐day mortality model outperformed MELD‐based models across all subsets in predicting mortality. In conclusion, organ allocation based on NN modeling has the potential to decrease waitlist mortality and lead to more equitable allocation systems in LT.
A novel variant in UBE3A in a family with multigenerational intellectual disability and developmental delay
Authors: Zhao Xuechao , Zheng Yuting , Wang Li , Wang Yanhong , Mei Shiyue , Kong Xiangdong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundAngelman syndrome (AS) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder and is characterized by severe cognitive disability, motor dysfunction, speech impairment, hyperactivity, and frequent seizures. Although the maternal chromosomal region 15q11.2‐q13 deletion is the most common mechanism of AS, ~10% of individuals with AS are caused by the intragenic variants in the maternally inherited UBE3A, which encodes an E3 ubiquitin ligase.MethodsClinical diagnoses were based on detailed clinical findings. Trio‐based exome sequencing was performed on the proband and her parents to identify the underlying genetic variants. The candidate variants were confirmed by Sanger sequencing following PCR amplification. In silico analyses were conducted to predict the effect of the identified variant on the function of UBE3A protein.ResultsWe identified a novel variant c.2029G>C (p. Gly677Arg) in UBE3A as the most promising candidate. In silico analyses showed that p.Gly677Arg in the UBE3A affects a highly conserved residue. Her mother had the variant at this locus. Sanger sequencing results showed that II‐2, II‐5, II‐7, IV‐1, III‐5, III‐7, III‐8, and III‐9 have the variant c.2029G>C, and all patients inherited maternally variant in UBE3A, while the offsprings of the male carrier were unaffected.ConclusionsWe identified a novel variant (c.2029G>C) in the UBE3A in a Chinese family with multigenerational intellectual disability and developmental delay. Our findings expanded the genotypic spectrum of AS and provided important information for genetic counseling.
Whole exome sequencing identified a novel compound heterozygous variation in COL7A1 gene causing dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa
Authors: Cui Li‐min , Jiang Jian‐ye , Hu Ning‐ning , Zou Hong‐en , Zhao Bao‐zhen , Han Cong‐ying , Yang Kai , Wang Yi‐peng , Xing Huan‐xia 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB) is a series of severe genetic conditions affecting skin and nails caused by mutations in the COL7A1 gene. DEB has a strong phenotypic variability. In the present study, we recruited a case with a boy exhibiting typical DEB indication, and performed a clinical, genetic, and experimental investigation, followed by a prenatal diagnosis on their current pregnancy. Whole exome sequencing identified a novel compound heterozygous variation in COL7A1, consisting of two variants, namely c.191T>C (p.Leu64Pro) and c.5124G>A (p.Leu1708=) in the proband. In vitro study by minigene system indicated that c.5124G>A would result in an increased ratio of a transcript with exon‐skipping, which supported its pathogenicity. Further prenatal detection confirmed the genotype–phenotye co‐separation in this family. In conclusion, the findings in our study expanded the mutation spectrum of DEB, and emphasized the importance of paying attention to specific synonymous variants in the filtering process.
Discovery of Potent and Isoform‐selective Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Using Structure‐based Virtual Screening and Biological Evaluation
Authors: Peng Zhe , Zhao Quanfeng , Tian Xiaoyan , Lei Tiantian , Xiang Rongfeng , Chen Lin , Yang Yang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHistone deacetylases (HDACs) are key enzymes in epigenetics and promising targets for anticancer therapy. Although several drugs targeting HDAC have been approved for the treatment of tumors, their clinical use has been limited by their deleterious side effects and poor efficacy. Herein, we discover four potent HDAC inhibitors through pharmacophore model screening and molecular docking. These compounds are able to bind HDACs 1, 3, and 6 with nanomolar affinity. Among them, compound 3 shows greater inhibitory effect on HDACs 1, 3, and 6 than that of vorinostat (SAHA). Evaluation of anticancer activity indicates that compound 3 significantly inhibits the growth of solid cancer cells including HGC‐27, AGS, MDA‐MB‐231, A549, MCF‐7, and H460 cells. In vivo anticancer study suggests that compound 3 can also markedly inhibit the growth of HGC‐27 cells‐derived xenograft, with no observable toxicity. These findings suggest that compound 3 may be as a potential HDAC‐targeting inhibitor for solid tumor therapy.
Targeting Gut Microbiota and Host Metabolism with Dendrobium officinale Dietary Fiber to Prevent Obesity and Improve Glucose Homeostasis in Diet‐Induced Obese Mice
Authors: Zheng Hong , Ji Hui , Fan Kai , Xu Hangying , Huang Yinli , Zheng Yafei , Xu Qingqing , Li Chen , Zhao Liangcai , Li Yuping , Gao Hongchang 
Published: February 2022

ScopeObesity is becoming a major public health problem due to excess dietary fat intake. Dendrobium officinale (D. officinale) is a medicine food homology plant and exerts multiple health‐promoting effects. However, its antiobesity effects and the potential mechanisms remain unclear.Methods and resultsHigh‐fat diet (HFD)‐fed mice are administered D. officinale dietary fiber (DODF) daily by gavage for 11 weeks. The results show that treatment with DODF alleviates obesity, liver steatosis, inflammation, and oxidant stress in HFD‐induced obese mice. Improved glucose homeostasis in obese mice after DODF treatment is achieved by enhancing insulin pathway and hepatic glycogen synthesis. DODF restructures the gut microbiota in obese mice by decreasing the relative abundance of Bilophila and increasing the relative abundances of Akkermansia, Bifidobacterium, and Muribaculum. Also, DODF reshapes the metabolic phenotype of obese mice as indicated by up‐regulating energy metabolism, increasing acetate and taurine, and reducing serum low density/very low density lipoproteins (LDL/VLDL). These beneficial effects are partly transferred by FMT, implying the gut microbiota as a target for the protective effect of DODF on obesity‐related symptoms.ConclusionThe results suggest that DODF can be used as a novel prebiotics to maintain the gut microbial homeostasis and improve metabolic health, preventing obesity and related metabolic syndrome.
Interleaved fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) MRI and deuterium metabolic imaging (DMI) on human brain in vivo
Authors: Liu Yanning , De Feyter Henk M. , Fulbright Robert K. , McIntyre Scott , Nixon Terence W. , de Graaf Robin A. 
Published: February 2022

PurposeTo integrate deuterium metabolic imaging (DMI) with clinical MRI through an interleaved MRI and DMI acquisition workflow. Interleaved MRI‐DMI was enabled with hardware and pulse sequence modifications, and the performance was demonstrated using fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) MRI as an example.MethodsInterleaved FLAIR‐DMI was developed by interleaving the 2H excitation and acquisition time windows into the intrinsic delay periods presented in the FLAIR method. All 2H MR signals were up‐converted to the 1H Larmor frequency using a custom‐built hardware unit, which also achieved frequency and phase locking of the output signal in real‐time. The interleaved measurements were compared with direct measurements both in phantom and in the human brain in vivo.ResultsThe interleaved MRI‐DMI acquisition strategy allowed simultaneous detection of FLAIR MRI and DMI in the same scan time as a FLAIR‐only MRI acquisition. Both phantom and in vivo data showed that the MR image quality, DMI sensitivity as well as information content were preserved using interleaved MRI‐DMI.ConclusionThe interleaved MRI‐DMI technology can be used to extend clinical MRI protocols with DMI, thereby offering a metabolic component to the MR imaging contrasts without a penalty on patient comfort or scan time.
Sex‐associated differences between BMI and SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody titers following the BNT162b2 vaccine
Authors: Yamamoto Shohei , Mizoue Tetsuya , Tanaka Akihito , Oshiro Yusuke , Inamura Natsumi , Konishi Maki , Ozeki Mitsuru , Miyo Kengo , Sugiura Wataru , Sugiyama Haruhito , Ohmagari Norio 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study investigated the sex‐associated difference in the impact of obesity on antibody response to a COVID‐19 vaccine.MethodsThis study included 2,435 health care workers who received two doses of the BioNTech, Pfizer (BNT162b2) vaccine and participated in a serological survey, during which they were tested for anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 spike immunoglobin G (IgG) antibodies and asked for information on height, weight, and vaccination history via a questionnaire. Multivariable linear regression analysis was used to estimate the geometric mean titers (GMT) of antibodies for each sex and BMI category.ResultsThe relationship between BMI and anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 spike IgG titers markedly differed by sex (p value for interaction = 0.04). Spike IgG antibody titers tended to decrease with increasing BMI in men (p value for trend = 0.03); GMT (95% CI) were 6,093 (4,874‐7,618) and 4,655 (3,795‐5,708) for BMI < 18.5 and ≥30 kg/m2, respectively. In contrast, spike IgG antibody titers did not significantly differ across BMI categories in women (p value for for trend = 0.62); GMT (95% CI) were 6,171 (5,714‐6,665) and 5,506 (4,404‐6,883) for BMI <18.5 and ≥30, respectively.ConclusionsHigher BMI was associated with lower titers of SARS‐CoV‐2 spike antibodies in men, but not in women, suggesting the need for careful monitoring of vaccine efficacy in men with obesity, who are at high risk of severe COVID‐19 outcomes.
Red in tooth and claw: A review of animal antagonistic roles in movies
Authors: Chiacchio Michele , Pigoni Alessandro 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Although cinema narrative represents a fundamental communication tool in framing public opinion, whether a negative representation of certain species in the context of animal‐horror movies might increase the attitudinal hostilities towards them remains an aspect of wildlife perception that is poorly studied.

Here, we reviewed online sources from the last 70 years to describe the negative representation of animal roles in horror and disaster movies. Specifically, we described species diversity, how the animal was depicted, the cause for its aggressive behaviour and how it came in contact with the human characters. By means of principal coordinate analysis (PCoA), we also highlighted three main typologies of animal‐horror movies.

The dataset consisted of 263 titles produced world‐wide from 1950 to 2019. The results showed that animal representation is transversal yet uneven, with five species groups out of 18 appearing in more than half of the movies. There were significant associations between species, their representation and the different kinds of movies they appeared in, with some species groups appearing more commonly in certain types of film plots rather than others.

Together, the results suggested that both the themes and topics of animal‐horror movies were often the result of a combination of factors, including fashion‐driven audience interests, societal and political concerns, and technological availability at the time of production. Whether this repeated and variegated representation can increase attitudinal hostility remains however unclear.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Modified cork/SEBS composites for 3D printed elastomers
Authors: Gama Nuno , Ferreira Artur , Evtuguin Dmitry , Barros‐Timmons Ana 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThree dimensional (3D) printed elastomers is a challenge which can be overcome using fillers. With that in perspective, cork was chemically modified via a two‐step reaction, aiming to achieve better compatibility with styrene‐ethylene‐butylene‐styrene (SEBS). In the first step, the OH groups of cork surface were grafted with succinic acid, while in the second step the free acid groups were reacted with a polyol to produce ester moieties. Spectroscopy analysis confirmed the occurrence of the chemical reaction which was supported by contact angle (CA) measurements. The unmodified cork presents a CA of 117.7°, while the modified cork presents a CA of 92.4° which is closer to that of SEBS (102.8°), resulting in better compatibility between the modified filler with the matrix. In fact, the enhancement of compatibility between polymer and filler was observed by inspecting the layer‐to‐layer bonding and was confirmed by the mechanical properties of the 3D printed composites, since the modified cork‐based composite presented higher Young modulus, maximum stress and elongation at break when compared to the untreated counterparts. Additionally, the advantage of the chemical treatment was evaluated by analyzing the processability of composites. The modified filler‐based composite, presents lower glass transition temperature (Tg), higher melt flow index (MFI) and higher thermal stability. Overall, in this work, a simple chemical route to modify lignocellulosic biomass and its benefit on the properties of 3D printing objects is discussed. The improved performance and sustainability of the 3D printed objects produced to be used for example in shoe applications was presented.
Can fetal magnetic resonance imaging aid prognosis in gastroschisis: A multicenter study
Authors: Codaccioni Camille , Macé Pierre , Gorincour Guillaume , Grévent David , Heckenroth Hélène , Merrot Thierry , Chaumoître Kathia , Khen‐Dunlop Naziha , Ville Yves , Salomon Laurent J. , Bretelle Florence 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the contribution and impact of fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in managing fetal gastroschisis.MethodsWe conducted an observational retrospective study of gastroschisis patients at three fetal medicine centers from 2008 to 2019. The primary endpoint was the number of cases in which the MRI provided relevant information related to gastroschisis.ResultsA total of 189 patients were included, and our study group included 38 patients who underwent MRI. For the eight patients with suspected gastroschisis, MRI confirmed the diagnosis. In six cases, it provided additional relevant information (spiral turn, intestine ischemia, and bowel size discrepancy). For the 17 patients with ultrasound signs of additional gastrointestinal anomalies, MRI detected one case of unidentified complex gastroschisis on sonography. For the 13 patients undergoing routine MRI, no significant information was obtained. One termination of pregnancy and one fetoscopy were performed a few days after the MRI results. There was no subsequent follow‐up or additional bowel complications to support management.ConclusionAlthough MRI did not change the management of pregnancies complicated by fetal gastroschisis, patients presenting with fetal gastroschisis with intraabdominal bowel dilatation could benefit from MRI to allow for more precise prenatal counseling to predict postnatal intestinal complications before birth.
20 years review of antenatal diagnosis of haemoglobin Bart's disease and treatment with intrauterine transfusion
Authors: Hui Pui Wah , Pang Polly , Tang Mary H. Y. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo review prenatal diagnosis and outcome of alpha thalassaemia major through universal antenatal screening.MethodThis was a retrospective study on ultrasound features, antenatal diagnosis, in‐utero intervention and long term outcome of pregnancies at risk of Haemoglobin Bart's hydrops foetalis syndrome attending prenatal diagnosis from 2000 to 2019 at Tsan Yuk Hospital in Hong Kong.ResultsAmong 390 foetuses from 373 at‐risk pregnancies, 122 (31%) prenatal invasive procedures were performed and 65 affected foetuses were diagnosed antenatally. For foetuses with ultrasound features of anaemia, the diagnostic yield of BHFS was 73%. Cardiomegaly carried a positive predictive value of 65.2% while its absence had the highest negative predictive value (96.0%). Three women having affected foetuses continued pregnancy and received intrauterine transfusion beginning 20 weeks of gestation. All babies were born alive and non‐hydropic. They were managed with regular transfusion and cured by haematopoietic stem cell transplantation.ConclusionsAbsence of ultrasound features of anaemia had high negative predictive value for alpha thalassaemia major. Couple at risk of having affected foetus could be offered serial ultrasound surveillance. Invasive testing for pregnancies with features of foetal anaemia provided high diagnostic yield. Intrauterine transfusion corrected foetal anaemia and allowed long term transfusion free survival without significant neurological sequelae following postnatal transplant therapy.