bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fecal indicator bacteria diversity and decay in an estuarine mangrove ecosystem of the Xuan Thuy National Park, Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Thi Mai Huong , Le Thi Phuong Quynh , Hoang Vinh Van , Nhu Da Le , Ha Hoang Thi Thu 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Mangroves are complex and dynamic ecosystems that are highly dependent on diverse microbial activities. In this study, laboratory experiments and field studies for fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) decay rates are carried out for the first time in the Xuan Thuy Mangrove Forest Reserve of Vietnam. Results show that there are significant differences in bacterial diversity in the water of mangrove areas that have been deforested compared to those which have been planted. The highest mean total coliform (TC) and Escherichia coli (EC) values were found in the natural mangroves (3,807±2,922 and 964±1133 CFU 100 ml−1, respectively). The results indicated that the source of contamination and seasonal changes affect the abundance of fecal bacteria. These results were exceeding by far the safety guidelines for individual, non-commercial water supplies in most of the samples. In the planted mangrove sampling sites, the highest mean Fecal streptococci (FS) values of 1,520±1,652 CFU 100 ml−1 were found. Microbial die-off rates were calculated over 5 days, and observed to be systematically higher for TC than for EC.
A Comparison and Survey on Brain Tumour Detection Techniques Using
MRI Images
Authors: Mahalaxmi Golla , Tirupal T. , Shanawaz Syed , Swarnakar Sandip , Krishna Sabbi Vamshi 
Published: June 2022

Abstract:
Despite enormous advances in medical technology, the prognosis of Brain Tumour (BT) remains an extremely time-consuming and troublesome assignment for physicians. Early and precise brain tumour identification gives an effective results and leads to increased survival rate. Within this paper, an examination of various techniques in order of priority to classify clinical images is presented to analyse various research gaps and highlights their costs and benefits. Human mortality can be reduced by using an automatic classification scheme. The automatic classification of brain tumours is a difficult task due to the large spatial and structural variability of the brain tumor’s surrounding region. The latest developments have been investigated in image characterization strategies for diagnosing human body disease and addressing the classification of nuclear medical imaging identification techniques like Convolution Neural Network (CNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Histogram technique, K-Means Clustering (K-MC) etc., just as the respective parameters like the image modalities employed, the dataset and the trade-offs have been compared for each technique. Among these techniques, CNN model accomplished the highest accuracy of 99% for two sets of data: Brain Tumour Segmentation (BTS) and BD-brain tumour and a high average susceptibility of 0.99 for all datasets. Finally, the review demonstrated that improving image order strategies with regarding accuracy, sensitivity value, and feasibility for Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD) is a significant challenge as well as an open research area.
Synergy Mechanisms of Rhizoma Paridis Saponins on Non-small Cell Lung Cancer:
Segmented Solid Phase Extraction, Bioactivity Screening, and Network Pharmacology
Authors: Liu Chen , Ma Qingyun , Du Ruikun , Chen Menghan , Xing Shuyan , Yang Yong , Rong Rong 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer. Rhizoma
paridis saponins (RPS), the main bioactive ingredients of Paris polyphylla Smith var. yunnanensis (PPY), have been
proved to have remarkable effects on NSCLC cell lines. However, the multi-component synergistic effects and mechanisms
of RPS on NSCLC have not been elucidated.

Objective:
To decipher the multi-RPS synergistic effects and mechanisms against NSCLC based on network pharmacology
combined with segmented solid-phase extraction (SPE) and bioactivity screening method.

Methods:
Firstly, segmented SPE and cytotoxicity assays were performed to screen the RPS-enrichment fraction of
PPY, and the steroidal saponins in it were identified by LC-MS/MS. Then, a network pharmacology analysis was performed
to predict the potential therapeutic targets of RPS on NSCLC. Finally, viable cell counting tests and RT-qPCR
were utilized to verify the synergistic effects and mechanisms of RPS.

Results:
48 potentially active compounds were identified from the 30% MeOH/EtOAc fraction of PPY (30% M/E
PPY). The results of the network pharmacology analysis indicated that RPS exerted joint effects by regulating six key
targets in the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. In vitro experiments showed that due to the synergistic effects, 30% M/E
PPY at 13.90 μg/mL could exert a stronger inhibitory activity on A549 cells by reducing the overexpression of six hub
genes compared with the parallel control groups.

Conclusion:
This research elaborates on the multi-RPS synergy mechanisms against NSCLC and provides a way to
develop new combination medicines for NSCLC.
The Interrelationship Between FYN and miR-128/193a-5p/494 in Imatinib Resistance
in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Ergün Sercan , Akgün Oğuzhan , Hekim Neslihan Taşkurt , Aslan Senanur , Ari Ferda , Güneş Sezgin , Abur Ümmet 
Published: June 2022

Background:
C-KIT is a receptor tyrosine kinase with oncogenic properties overexpressed in PCa cases. Through the use of an alternative promoter, a truncated c-KIT protein (tr-KIT) of 30-50 kDa is generated, lacking the extracellular and transmembrane domain. Tr-KIT promotes the formation of a multi-molecular complex composed by Fyn, Plcγ1 and Sam68. Imatinib blocks the activity of full-length c-KIT but has no effect on tr-KIT. LNCaP is the human PCa cell line that shows tr-KIT overexpression and PC3 does not show tr-KIT overexpression. miR-128/193a-5p/494 are miRNAs targeting FYN, PLCγ1 and SAM68 combinatorily. The question of the study is that: can miR-128/193a-5p/494 be related with imatinib resistance in PCa?

Method:
LNCaP and PC3 cells were treated with imatinib in IC50 doses. Before and after imatinib administration, RNA was isolated and cDNA conversion was performed. By qPCR analysis, expression changes of tr-KIT specific pathway elements and miR-128/193a-5p/494 analyzed before and after imatinib administration.

Results:
After imatinib administration, miR-128/193a-5p/494 were overexpressed statistically significantly in LNCaP cells while they were downregulated statistically significantly in PC3 cells (p<0.05). Also, FYN was upregulated in LNCaP cells (p<0.05) but there was no change in PC3 after imatinib administration.

Conclusion:
Especially upregulation of FYN may sponge miR128/193a-5p/494 and downregulate their transcriptional activity in LNCaP cells having tr-KIT acitivity. So, miR-128/193a-5p/494 may have critical role in imatinib resistance via tr-KIT pathway.
Nf-κb: A Target for Synchronizing the Functioning Nervous Tissue
Progenitors of Different Types in Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Zyuz’kov Gleb Nikolaevich , Miroshnichenko Larisa Arkad’evna , Chayikovskyi Alexander Vasil’evich , Kotlovskaya Larisa Yur’evna 
Published: June 2022

Background:
The efficacy of Alzheimer's disease (AD) treatment can be enhanced by
developing neurogenesis regulation approaches by synchronizing regenerative-competent cell
(RCCs) activity. As part of the implementation of this direction, the search for drug targets
among intracellular signaling molecules is promising.

Objective:
This study aims to test the hypothesis that NF-кB inhibitors are able to synchronize
the activities of different types RCCs in AD.

Methods:
The effects of NF-кB inhibitor JSH-23 on the functioning of neural stem cells (NSCs),
neuronal-committed progenitors (NCPs), and neuroglial cells were studied. Individual populations
of C57B1/6 mice brain cells were obtained by immunomagnetic separation. Studies were
carried out under conditions of modeling β-amyloid-induced neurodegeneration (βAIN) in vitro.

Results:
We showed that β-amyloid (Aβ) causes divergent changes in the functioning of NSCs
and NCPs. Also demonstrated that different populations of neuroglia respond differently to exposure
to Aβ. These phenomena indicate a significant discoordination of the activities of various
RCCs. We revealed an important role of NF-кB in the regulation of progenitor proliferation and
differentiation and glial cell secretory function. It was found that the NF-кB inhibitor causes
synchronization of the pro-regenerative activities of NSCs, NCPs, as well as oligodendrocytes
and microglial cells in βAIN.

Conclusion:
The results show the promise of developing a novel approach to Alzheimer's disease
treatment with NF-кВ inhibitors.
Preventive Effects of Pimpinella anisum L. and Dracocephalum moldavica
L. Hydroalcoholic Extract Against Acute Contrast-induced Nephropathy
Authors: Rafieian-Kopaei Mahmoud , Rafieian Reza , Asgharian Shirin , Rostamian Sahar , Nasri Hamid 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is nephrotoxicity due to contrast media characterized by elevated serum creatinine levels. The formation of oxygen free radicals is one of the causes of CIN.

Objective:
Given the antioxidant properties of Pimpinella anisum L and Dracocephalum moldavica L, this study aimed to investigate the effects of their hydroalcoholic extracts on kidney tissue histopathology and CIN biochemical factors.

Methods:
In this experimental study, 40 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: 1) control, 2) contrast agent, 3) P. anisum+contrast agent, and 4) D. moldavica+contrast agent. After the tests, kidney tissue histopathological damages and related biochemical factors were evaluated.

Results:
Kidney tissue damage, levels of aspartate aminotransferase (GOT/AST), alanine aminotransferase (GPT/ALT) and blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine (P<0.001), and malondialdehyde (P<0.01) of kidney tissue were lower in both extract-treated groups than in contrast agent group, but the decrease in serum MDA was significant only in the group given P. anisum extract (P<0.01). Serum antioxidant capacity was higher in P. anisum+contrast agent group than in the contrast agent group (P<0.01). Kidney tissue antioxidant capacity was significantly higher in the groups given P. anisum and D. moldavica than in the contrast agent group (P<0.01 and P<0.001, respectively). In addition, hydroalcoholic extracts of P. anisum and D. moldavica resulted in a decrease in CIN.

Conclusion:
Given the decrease in CIN by P. anisum and D. moldavica extracts in rats, it seems that these plants are beneficial for people at risk who need to use contrast agents.
Home Telemonitoring Technology for Patients With Heart Failure: Cost-Consequence Analysis of a Pilot Study
Authors: Apantaku Glory , Mitton Craig , Wong Hubert , Ho Kendall 
Published: June 2022

Background
Heart failure (HF) is a costly health condition and a major public health problem. It is estimated that 2%-3% of the population in developed countries has HF, and the prevalence increases to 8% among patients aged ≥75 years. Home telemonitoring is a form of noninvasive, remote patient monitoring that aims to improve the care and management of patients with chronic HF. Telehealth for Emergency-Community Continuity of Care Connectivity via Home-Telemonitoring (TEC4Home) is a project that implements and evaluates a comprehensive home monitoring protocol designed to support patients with HF as they transition from the emergency department to home.

Objective
The aim of this study is to assess the cost of using the home monitoring platform (TEC4Home) relative to usual care for patients with HF.

Methods
This study is a cost-consequence analysis of the TEC4Home pilot study. The analysis was conducted from a partial societal perspective, including direct and indirect health care costs. The aim is to assess the costs of the home monitoring platform relative to usual care and track costs related to health care utilization during the 90-day postdischarge period.

Results
Economic analysis of the TEC4Home pilot study showed a positive trend in cost savings for patients using TEC4Home. From both the health system perspective (Pre TEC4Home cost per patient: CAD $2924 vs post TEC4Home cost per patient: CAD $1293; P=.01) and partial societal perspective (Pre TEC4Home cost per patient: CAD $2411 vs post TEC4Home cost per patient: CAD $1108; P=.01), we observed a statistically significant cost saving per patient.

Conclusions
In line with the advantages of conducting an economic analysis alongside a feasibility study, the economic analysis of the TEC4Home pilot study facilitated the piloting of patient questionnaires and informed the methodology for a full clinical trial.
Making Promises in the TV Series <em>Gilmore Girls</em>
Authors: Anggraini Suci , Hardjanto Tofan Dwi 
Published: June 2022

This study investigates the speech act of promising found in the first five episodes of the TV series Gilmore Girls (2000). It categorizes utterances containing promises based on the directness strategies. The direct promising strategy is identified using the IFID of the speech act of promising, that is the performative verb promise, while the indirect promising strategy is identified and categorized into 10 types of indirect promising strategy proposed by Ariff and Mugableh (2013): pure promise, discourse conditional, tautological-like expression, body-part expression, self-aggrandizing expression, time expression, courtesy-like expression, swearing expression, adjacency pair, and false promise. The results show that the most commonly used strategy was the indirect promising strategy (94.3%) as the characters in the series tend to make promises casually by not using the performative verb promise. Then, pure promise strategy is the most frequently used type of indirect promising strategy (31.3%). In addition, there are two distinctive types of indirect promising strategies found in the TV series, i.e., hidden promise and sarcastic promise strategies. This finding suggests that there are many other ways to make promises besides using the performative verb, promise and the modal verb will since the context of the conversations sometimes indicates future acts that a speaker commits to doing.
Fracture Risk of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors in Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Cowan Andrea , Jeyakumar Nivethika , Kang Yuguang , Dixon Stephanie N. , Garg Amit X. , Naylor Kyla , Weir Matthew A. , Clemens Kristin K. 
Published: June 2022

Background and objectives
Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have been associated with a higher risk of skeletal fractures in some randomized, placebo-controlled trials. Secondary hyperparathyroidism and increased bone turnover (also common in CKD) may contribute to the observed fracture risk. We aimed to determine if SGLT2 inhibitor use associates with a higher risk of fractures compared with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, which have no known association with fracture risk. We hypothesized that this risk, if present, would be greatest in patients with lower eGFR.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
We conducted a population-based cohort study in Ontario, Canada between 2015 and 2019 using linked provincial administrative data to compare the incidence of fracture between new users of SGLT2 inhibitors and DPP-4 inhibitors. We used inverse probability of treatment weighting on the basis of propensity scores to balance the two groups of older adults (≥66 years of age) on indicators of baseline health. We compared the 180- and 365-day cumulative incidence rates of fracture between groups. Prespecified subgroup analyses were conducted by eGFR category (≥90, 60 to <90, 45 to <60, and 30 to <45 ml/min per 1.73 m2). Weighted hazard ratios were obtained using Cox proportional hazard regression.

Results
After weighting, we identified a total of 38,994 new users of a SGLT2 inhibitor and 37,449 new users of a DPP-4 inhibitor and observed a total of 342 fractures at 180 days and 689 fractures at 365 days. The weighted 180- and 365-day risks of a fragility fracture did not significantly differ between new users of a SGLT2 inhibitor versus a DPP-4 inhibitor: weighted hazard ratio, 0.95 (95% confidence interval, 0.79 to 1.13) and weighted hazard ratio, 0.88 (95% confidence interval, 0.88 to 1.00), respectively. There was no observed interaction between fracture risk and eGFR category (P=0.53).

Conclusions
In this cohort study of older adults, starting a SGLT2 inhibitor versus DPP-4 inhibitor was not associated with a higher risk of skeletal fracture, regardless of eGFR.
Tendência temporal da morbimortalidade por agressões interpessoais no estado de Sergipe, Brasil, 2008 a 2017
Authors: Almeida Yann Phillipe Vilela de , Góes Marco Aurélio de Oliveira 
Published: June 2022

A violência interpessoal é um importante problema de saúde pública atualmente, sendo causa de grande morbidade e mortalidade. Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a tendência temporal das taxas de internações hospitalares por violência interpessoal e por homicídios no estado de Sergipe, de 2008 a 2017. Trata-se de uma série temporal, com dados secundários do Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade e do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do Sistema Único de Saúde, de 2008 a 2017, referentes à violência interpessoal e homicídios no estado de Sergipe. Foi calculada a annual percentage change (APC) e as tendências foram consideradas estacionárias quando o coeficiente de regressão não foi significativamente diferente de zero (p > 0,05). Foram registrados 3.215 internamentos por violência interpessoal e 9.640 homicídios no estado. A violência interpessoal predominou nos homens, tanto nos internamentos (89,9%) como nos óbitos (94,1%). Entre 20 e 29 anos houve a maior proporção dos internamentos (38,9%) e óbitos (39,8%). Houve tendência crescente das taxas de internamento por violência interpessoal (APC = 13,2) e da taxa de homicídios (APC = 10,5). A taxa de mortalidade por armas de fogo tem apresentado tendência de crescimento (APC = 13,9), enquanto a por armas brancas e a por outros meios têm apresentado tendência estacionária. A violência em Sergipe tem sido uma preocupante causa de mortalidade e morbidade hospitalar, mostrando-se um problema de saúde relacionado a causas sociais e culturais, o que exige uma abordagem complexa e intersetorial para que os impactos possam ser observados ao longo dos próximos anos.
Practising an Anti-Colonial Citizenship Education Through a Blended Learning Course on Aboriginal Law
Authors: Robertson Sean 
Published: June 2022

In the wake of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, Indigenous peoples and non-Indigenous Canadians find themselves aspiring towards transitional justice. Yet they do so with a democracy in need of some repair. One prime site for fostering democratic renewal – the post-secondary sector – is under pressure from corporatization and political forces working to narrow freedom of expression and academic freedom. This sector, however, continues to offer some hope through liberal, anti-oppressive, anti-colonial, and Indigenous pedagogies that promote a public ethical responsibility beyond the self. Yet encouraging these pedagogies is not straightforward, including for those teaching courses such as Aboriginal law in a blended learning format. In the context of the spread of online education and the dearth of scholarship on anti-oppressive pedagogies therein, on the one hand, and the reluctance of legal educators to adopt anti-colonial pedagogies, on the other, there is an urgency to build knowledge about how to develop citizenship education. Anti-colonial citizenship education includes content about the establishment of settler society and the status of Indigenous nations. Furthermore, it is operationalized through active learning practices. Based on Indigenous and non-Indigenous pedagogical theories, these practices are argued to support a tripartite “intellectual framework” comprised of critical thinking, collaboration, and self-directed learning. Through a case study of an undergraduate course, the argument is made for the efficacy of a number of active learning practices to produce this intellectual framework. It is suggested that, in addition to better learning outcomes, an anti-colonial citizenship education is materialized insofar as the intellectual framework inspires a sensibility for complexity and independent thinking, “civic culture,” and autonomous inquiry and openness to alternative epistemologies.
Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Pemegang Saham Minoritas Atas Akuisisi Perseroan Terbatas
Authors: Prayoga Aditya , Muskibah Muskibah 
Published: June 2022

This study discusses the rights of shareholders namely minority shareholders over the acquisition of a Limited Liability Company based on Company law. This study aims to determine and analyze how the form of legal protection for minority shareholders in the event of the acquisition of a Limited Liability Company by analyzing the judge's judgment in deciding Case No. 1102 K / Pdt / 2015 is associated with applicable laws and regulations. The research method used is normative juridical, using the statutory approach, conceptual approach, and case approach. The results showed that the legal protection arrangements for minority shareholders on the acquisition of Limited Liability Companies are contained in Article 61 and 62 of the Company Law, but according to Article 126 paragraph (1) states that the acquisition process must pay attention to the interests of minority shareholders, while in Article 126 paragraph (3) , the shareholders' disapproval of the acquisition requesting that the shares be repurchased by the Company (Article 62 of the Company Law) does not stop the acquisition. Judge's consideration in deciding case No. 1102 K / Pdt / 2015, philosophically is a minority shareholder in Legal Standing, that is, it should be a minority shareholder in the Company which is sued not as a Director in the Company itself, its juridical consideration is based on the provisions of the applicable legislation, while its sociological considerations are based on the benefit obtained from the parties to the decision.
Keywords: Legal; Protection; Acquisitions

AbstrakPenelitian ini membahas hak pemegang saham yaitu pemegang saham minoritas atas akuisisi Perseroan Terbatas berdasarkan hukum Perseroan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis bagaimana bentuk perlindungan hukum terhadap pemegang saham minoritas dalam hal terjadinya akuisisi Perseroan Terbatas berdasarkan Perundang-Undangan yang berlaku. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif, dengan menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan, pendekatan konseptual, dan pendekatan kasus. Hasil penelitian menunjukan, bentuk perlindungan hukum terhadap pemegang saham minoritas berdasarkan Pasal 61 dan 62 Undang-Undang Nomor 40 Tahun 2007 Tentang Perseroan Terbatas adalah hak untuk mengajukan gugatan dan hak untuk meminta sahamnya dibeli oleh perseroan dalam hal pemegang saham tidak menyetujui tindakan perseroan yang merugikan pemegang saham, dan pertimbangan hakim dalam memutus Perkara Nomor 32/Pdt.G/2017 Pengadilan Negeri Palangka Raya, telah sesuai dengan Peraturan Perundang-Undangan yang berlaku, karena dalil gugatannya merupakan penggabungan gugatan antara Perbuatan Melawan Hukum dan Wanprestasi dan bertentangan dengan hukum acara sehingga mengandung cacat formil dan kabur (obscuur libel).
Kata Kunci: Perlindungan; Hukum; Akuisisi