bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cost/Benefits of Candidate Insecticides For Control of Potato Leafhopper and Alfalfa Blotch Leafminer, 1976
Authors: Gesell Stanley G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Alfalfa was seeded June 12. Epfam was worked into the soil prior to seeding. Insecticidal sprays were applied to 8 × 25 feet plots in a randomized block with 3 replications. Sprays on the first crop were applied July 29 when leafhopper population averaged 0.9 and adult blotch leafminer numbers were 10 per sweep. The sprayer delivered 40 gal/A at 40 psi. Potato leafhopper counts and percent of leaflets infested with alfalfa blotch leafminers were recorded July 16. The crop was harvested July 20 with samples of each treatment sent to our forage analysis laboratory. The same plots were sprayed with the same insecticides, in the same manner on Aug 3 with the exception of the SD43775 dosage of 0.075 lb. This rate was reduced to 0.0187 lb. Potato leafhopper and alfalfa blotch leafminer i n festations were taken Aug 31 and the crop was harvested Sept 1.
Control of Root Maggots on Japanese Radish, in 1977 and 1978
Authors: Halfhill J. E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Nerima radish was planted in 5- by 20-ft row beds with 22-inch interrow and 4 to 6-inch Interplant spacing on Jul 26, and Jul 27, at Yakima, WA. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block with 4 replicates. The at-planting granular treatments of Dasanit were applied and incorporated by using the “bow wavex#x201D; method whereby the opening and covering shoes of the seeder are used to distribute and incorporate the insecticide. These were followed by the 30-day postplanting (= 40-day preharvest) application of a band spray of the SC formulation applied in 3.5 gal water/1000 lineal ft of row to the soil surface through “TEEJET#x201D; 8005 even spray flat fan nozzles operated at 60 psi by air pressure. Both procedures deposited 6-inch wide bands of insecticide over the row. The efficacy of the treatments was determined by removing, washing, and examining the roots of 15 plants selected at random from each bed at harvest. The number of plants Injured and the degree of injury were noted and recorded.
Evaluation of Insecticides Used on Demand for Tomato Pinworm Control, 1979
Authors: Waddill Van 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots were direct seeded Jan 10 in Rockdale soil and later thinned to 1 plant/ft. Each plot was a single row on 6-ft centers, 15-ft long. Normal cultural practices were followed using black plastic mulch and overhead irrigation. There were 4 replications/treatment in. a randomized complete block design. Some treatments were applied on a once weekly schedule while others were applied on demand based on tomato pinworm counts. These weekly counts were taken by counting the no. of pinworm mines on the 3 expanded top leaves of 10 plants/plot. If the mean no. of mines/plant was 1 or more for a particular treatment, the insecticide was applied that week. They were applied with a tractor mounted sprayer with 5 nozzles/row, 250 psi, and in 100 gal of water/acre. Mature green to ripe fruit was harvested Apr 27. The percent tomato pinworm damaged fruit was determined by examining 25 randomly selected fruit/plot. Duncan's multiple range test was used to separate treatment means.
Evaluation of Insecticides for Control of Insect Pests of Tomatoes, 1979
Authors: Waddill Van 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots were direct seeded Jan 10 in Rockdale soil and later thinned to 1 plant per foot. Each plot was a single row on 6-ft centers, 15-ft long. Normal cultural practices were followed using black plastic mulch and overhead irrigation. There were 4 replications/treatment in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied weekly from Feb 1 to Apr 26 for a total of 13 applications. They were applied with a tractor mounted sprayer with 5 nozzles/row, 250 psi, and in 100 gal of water/acre. On Mar 12-13 the number of tomato pinworm larvae/leaf and the number of vegetable leafminer larvae/terminal trifoliate were counted on 10 randomly selected leaves (third fully expanded leaf from growing terminal) per plot. Mature green to ripe fruit were harvested Apr 27. The percent tomato pinworm and tomato fruitworm damaged fruit were determined by examining 25 randomly selected fruit/plot. The vegetable leafminer population was normal and the tomato pinworm population built to an unusually high level. Duncan's multiple range test was used to separate treatment means.
Preemergence Systemic Insecticides for Establishment of New Alfalfa Seedings, 1979
Authors: Gauthier Norman L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Furadan insecticide was applied as preplant incorporated soil applications to a new planting of alfalfa in spring seeding. These applications were made with both granular and liquid formulations to assess not only the insecficidal benefit of establishing new stands of alfalfa but the effect on stand, reduction of seeding rate, yield, and spectrum of insect control. At planting incorporated broadcast treatments were mode to the seed bed after Eptam and fertilizer were incorporated into the topsoil. Treatments were applied May 11’79 to plots 3 × 15 ft randomized in a complete block design with 3 replications. Granular applications were made with a hand held shaker can combining seed amount and insecticide with a small amount of sand added and thoroughly mixed to aid even distribution of mixture. Liquid Furadan 4F applications were sprayed on with a CO2 bottle sprayer at a volume of 30 GPA after seeding. All treatments were then raked lightly to incorporate seed and treatments into the well fitted soil. Three rates of alfalfa seeding (10, 15 and 20 lb) were used with Furadan 10G. Stand populations were sampled twice with post treatment insect samplings done at 75 days using 5-180° insect sweep net collections per plot. Yields were sampled at 75 days by taking square foot samples out of plot centers and weighing all the cut hay to determine green weights.
Alfalfa, Egyptian Alfalfa Weevil and Blue Alfalfa Aphid Control, 1978
Authors: Stern V. M. , Bowen W. R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experiment No. 1 (table 1) was conducted on variety Lahonton in the Antelope Valley near Lancaster, Calif. This southern desert valley has an elevation of ca. 2400 ft and winter temperatures may go below 15-20° F in Dec and Jan. Only dormant alfalfa varieties are grown there. There is essentially one weevil generation per year which is present on the first cutting. When necessary, a single chemical application eliminates the weevil problem for the season. The sprays were applied to 15 × 50 ft plots in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates for treated and untreated plots. The alfalfa was ca. 8-10 inch tall when the materials were applied on April 3 with a back-pack CO2 pressurized sprayer using 30 psi and ca. 10 gal finished spray per acre. Sixteen single 180° samples were taken per replicate with a standard sweep net, 15 inch diameter hoop, 26 inch handle. During the test period the mean H-L temperatures were 65-37°F. All materials and dosages gave very effective control of the Egyptian alfalfa weevil which was mainly composed of 2-4 instar larvae. Untreated plots suffered severe damage.
Armyworm Control in “No Till” Corn, 1979
Authors: Hellman John L. , Curtis William , Venables Lee , Chaudhari Narendra 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The test field was located in Howard County, Maryland. Corn was planted Apr 30 in 30 inch rows. At time of treatment, corn was 15 inch high and planted in a rye cover crop. Damage in test area ranged 50-60%. Treatment plots of 5 × 25 ft rows were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. Treatments were applied June 6 when 80% of the armyworms were 4th and 5th instars. Post treatment counts were taken on June 8 from 20 random plant samples taken within the middle 2 rows. Sprays were applied with a “back-pack” hand held CO2 pressure sprayer calibrated to deliver 36 gpa at 30 psi.
Fall Armyworm Control in Late Planted Field Corn, 1979
Authors: Hellman John L. , Curtis William , Hochmuth Bob , Chaudhari Narendra 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Test was conducted in a production corn field near Quantico, Wicomico County, Maryland. Corn was planted June 29 and approximately 3 1/4 - 4 ft high at time of treatment on August 10. Treatment plots were four 15 ft rows arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. Fall armyworm populations (1-4 worms/plant) and damage levels (90-100%) were high. Sprays were applied by a back-pack CO2 pressure sprayer calibrated to deliver 30 gpa at 30 psi. Post treatment counts were taken on August 14 and 17. Ten random plant samples were selected from the center 2 rows/plot and the number of live armyworms recorded.
In-Whorl Treatments for Fall Armyworm Control in Field Corn, 1979
Authors: Shamiyeh N. B. , Pless C. D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Field corn 'Pioneer 3147' was planted on June 8. Plots were 20 ft × 4 rows with 5—ft alleys between blocks, and rows were spaced 40 inches apart. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Corn was thinned to 30 plants/20 ft-row. On July 24, when 52% of the plants were infested, insecticide treatments were applied. Granular insecticides were applied into the whorls with shaker jars. Liquid formulations were sprayed with 2.5 gal compressed air sprayers at 40 gal/acre. Portable CO2 tanks supplied a constant sprayer tank pressure of 30 psi. Yields were measured on October 16.
Field Evaluation of Insecticide Seed Dressings on Corn for Control Of Corn Seedling-Maggot, Batangas, Philippines, 1979
Authors: Venugopal M. S. , Litsinger J. A. , Apostol R. F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A trial on farmer's field in the village of Cale, Tanauan municipality, Batangas province, Philippines, evaluated 8 insecticides applied as seed dressings on corn for control of corn seedling maggot, Atherigona oryzae Malloch. Each insecticide was applied at 2 dosages, 5 and 10 g a i / k g seed, to replicated plots (25 sq.m) in a randomized complete block design. Seeds, including the untreated check, were placed in a plastic bag and 25% gum arable water solution was added and agitated until the seed surfaces were evenly coated. Insecticide was then added and agitated to uniform coverage. The field was sown by hand by placing seeds (2 seeds/hill, 60 cm between hills) in plow furrows 75 cm wide attaining 52,000 plants/ha (13 kg seeds/ha). Germination percentage was recorded on 7 days after crop emergence (DE) from whole plots. At weekly intervals from 7 and 28 DE, 10 plants were randomly chosen per plot to record percentage dead hearts (infested leaves). Plant height was measured from random plants on 30 DE. The soil was a clay loam alfisol with pH 6. Rainfall was 255, 24, 121, and 19 mm during the four weeks after crop emergence, respectively.
Bollworm and Tobacco Budworm Control, 1978
Authors: Lentz Gary L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Deltapine 16 was planted May 18'78 at the Ames Plantation, Grand Junction, T N. Plots 4 rows wide (38-inch) by 47 ft long were arranged in a modified randomized complete block design replicated 4 times. One application of Temik was sidedressed at 1.5 lb ai / acre on June 21 and 26 to reduce beneficial arthropods. Insecticides for Heliothis suppression were applied with a 4-row boom at the rate of 8.7 gal of mixture per acre, 3 mph, 40 psi, 2 × - 6 nozzles per row, with a CO2 pressurized system mounted on an IH 660 high clearance sprayer. Applications were made Aug 9, 14, 21, and 25'78. Square damage counts were made by randomly selecting 15 and 10 squares from the center 2 rows of each plot on Aug 16 and 23, respectively. The bollworm constituted 90+% of the population during the test. Populations were considered light to moderate, but typical of Tennessee Heliothis infestations. Yields were determined by machine picking the center 2 rows on Oct 6 and 30.
Control of Red-Necked Peanutworm in Nonirrigated Peanuts, 1979
Authors: Berberet Richard , Guilavogui Foday 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Peanuts were planted on June 7 with 0.9 m row spacing in light, sandy soil. Insecticides were first applied on Aug 30 utilizing 2 flat spray nozzles over each row and a total volume of 190 l/ha. A second application was made on Sept 13. Treatments were replicated 3 times on 4 row × 25 m plots arranged in a randomized complete block design. Thirty plant terminals were collected at random from the center 2 rows of each plot on each sampling date and examined for larvae of peanutworms. Counts were converted to larvae/m of row based on terminal bud counts made over the experimental area.
Fumigation Activity of Insecticides Applied as Granules Against Rice Planthoppers and Leafhoppers, 1978
Authors: Heinrichs E. A. , Valencia S. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Granular insecticides at the rate of 0.75 kg ai/ha were applied on the soil of 25 day-old rice plants growing in porcelain pots at the IRRI laboratory, Manila. Cylindrical mylar film cages containing an upper (fumigation chamber) and lower compartment (containing the treated plants) separated by a nylon screen were placed over the treated plants. Several untreated 10 day-old seedlings were placed in the top chamber to serve as a food source for the insects subjected to fumigation.
Minimum Effective Rates of Insecticides Applied as Foliar Sprays for Rice Planthopper and Leafhopper Control, 1978
Authors: Helnrichs E. A. , Valencia S. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Insecticides were applied on 45 day-old plants at a rate of 200, 100, 50 and 25 g ai/ha at the IRRI laboratory in Manila. Four replications of 10 insects each were placed on the plants at 1, 7 and 14 days after treatment (DT). Mortality readings were taken at 48 hours after placing the hoppers on the treated plants. The study was conducted at a temperature of 27 t 1�C. Mortality values were adjusted using Abbott’s formula.
Sorghum Midge Control, 1979
Authors: Gardner Wayne A. , Duncan R. R. , Touchton J. T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two tests planted in Cecil loamy soil were utilized to evaluate the effectiveness of several materials in controlling the sorghum midge. Test 1 was planted on Jun 28’79 by conventional tillage methods with Funk’s G522DR. Test 2 was planted on Jul 27’79 by minimum tillage behind corn with Funk’s G399DR. All plots were 6.1m × 3 rows and separated by 1 untreated row or 1-m alleys. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a RCB design. Pretreatment numbers of adult midges were determined by careful inspection of 60-75 blooming heads randomly scattered over the treatment plots. Applications were made with a compressed-air sprayer calibrated to deliver 40 gal water/acre. Spray was directed to each side of the heads by walking along each side of a row. Two applications 3 days apart (Aug 24’79, Aug 27’79) were required in Test 1 due to numbers of adult midges on flowering heads (9.8/head and 2.8/head, respectively). One application on Oct 1’ 79 was required in Test 2 (0.7 midges/head). Ten days after application 10 heads were clipped and placed in bags for later counting of emerged midge adults. Twenty heads from each plot were rated for midge damage 3-4 weeks after treatment. Yield samples were obtained in Test 1; however, cool temperatures prevented grain maturation in Test 2.
Insecticide Effects on Silver Spotted Skipper in Soybeans, Delaware, 1979
Authors: Graustein Mark R. , Boys Frank 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Soybean plots were established in a commercial field located near Bridgeville, Delaware. The unreplicated plots consisted of 3-80 ft rows. Broadcast spray treatments were applied on June 27, with a wheel barrow design, CO2 sprayer which delivered 28 gal per acre at 40 psi. Plot evaluations for control were made on July 6 by examining the plants along 8 ft of row in 3 locations per treatment.
Potato Leafhopper and Seedcorn Maggot Efficacy Trials, 1979
Authors: Pedigo L. , Buntin D. , Funderburk J. , Higgins R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Twenty-four soybean plots (var. Elf) were established near Ames, Iowa. Each measured 40 ft by 4 rows (30-in centers) and was bordered by 2 rows. Five treatments (Table 1) and a check were arranged in a randomized completeblock design, with 4 blocks. Granular insecticides were applied in-furrow at planting on May 23 with a 2-row John Deere 71 flex planter. Plants emerged on May 31. Stand counts were taken on June 14. Each plot was examined for phytotoxic symptoms and assigned a value from 0 (no symptoms) to 5 (severe curling and discoloration of leaves and growing tip). Seedcorn maggot damage was evaluated by counting the number of plants with snakeheads (maggot-eaten growing tip) and/or cotyledonary scarring in 4 1-m row sections/plot. Plots were sampled (10-sq ft/plot) for potato leafhopper nymphs and adults with a D-Vac vacuum insect net (1-sq ft sampling cone). Post-emergence samples (20, 30, 45, and 60 days post-emergence) were taken on July 19 (3-trifoliate stage), June 29 (5-trifoliate stage), July 13 (mid-bloom stage) and July 27 (beginning pod-fill stage), respectively. D-Vac sampling was supplemented with shake sampling, 2 samples of 2 adjacent 1 row-ft/plot, for nymphs at 45 and 60 days post-emergence. Total rainfall for June and July was 2.9 and 4.5 in, respectively. Plots were harvested Oct 25 and bean weight/10 row-ft determined.
Black Cutworm Control on Tobacco, 1979
Authors: Southern P. S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
An on-farm test was conducted in Beaufort County, North Carolina, to assess the effectiveness of insecticides against an infestation of the black cutworm. When the site was located, cutworm damage was already extensive. Larvae were cutting off individual leaves or the top portion of the rather woody plants. Treatments were replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block design. Plots were 0.029 acres (89 ft × 4 rows) separated by vacant fifth rows and eleven-foot alleys. Treatments were applied between 6:00 and 8:00 p.m. Sprayable treatments were applied using a backpack sprayer equipped with three Teejet TG 3 nozzles. Seventy gallons per acre of mixture were applied at 60 psi. Baits were applied by hand in a band approximately 12 inches wide over the top of the row. Prior to treatment, stand counts were made and all severed plant parts removed. One night (14 hours) after treatment, a second stand count was made, the number of newly injured plants recorded (determined by the presence of severed leaves or plants) and all severed plant parts again removed. Four days after treatment, the number of plants newly injured during the period 14-84 hours after treatment was determined. Numbers of damaged plants for each post-treatment period were converted to a percentage of the stand count at the beginning of the period and subjected to an arcsine transformation. Each treatment was compared to the check and all other treatments using a two-way analysis of variance.
Control of Bagworms on Arborvitae, 1979
Authors: Pinkston Ken , Price Richard , Young Jerry 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Five insecticides were tested to control bagworms on arborvitae that were located at a trailer park in Stillwater, Oklahoma. The plants were from 5 to 6 ft high. Treatments were randomized and replicated 4 times. Plants were separated by sufficient distance to avoid drift. Treatments were sprayed until runoff with a John Bean 55 sprayer and a Spraying Systems Gun, Jet No. 43 which delivered 3.2 gal/ min. at 300 psi. The plants were treated Jun 26'79 when the temperature was 80°F and the wind velocity ranged 0-5 mph. A pretreatment count from 10 locations on each of the 24 plants showed an average of 10.2 larvae 3/8 to 1/2 inch in size per 18 inches of terminal branch. Mortality was determined by examining 10 larvae from each treatment at 3, 7, 14 and 21 days after applications.
Azalea Phytotoxicity Test, 1979
Authors: Moore Robert E. B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The phytotoxicity of three insecticides was evaluated on eleven varieties of azalea. The test plants were located at a commercial nursery in Suffield. In spring of 1978, the plants were taken from a propagation house and transplanted into a bark, peat, and sand mix in one-gallon containers. Plots consisted of 5 plants; each treatment was replicated four times. Granular aldicarb was applied to the soil surface and watered in on June 4 and 5, and the liquid formulations were applied with a 2-gal hand-held sprayer (30 psi). New shoot growth was evident in all plots at time of treatment, June 18.
Grasshopper Control, 1979
Authors: Peters Leroy L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design in Clay County, Nebraska. Plots were 20 ft (6 m) wide and 100 ft (30.5 m) long, replicated three times. One end of each plot bordered a bromegrass pasture and the other end bordered a field of grain sorghum. Liquid insecticides were applied with a compressed air plot sprayer mounted on a tractor. Spraying Systems Tee-Jet 8002 nozzle tips were used to apply approximately 17.7 gal (67 L) per acre on Jul 9'79. Sevin baits were hand cast throughout the designated plot area. Grasshopper populations were deter-mined by making two separate sweeps in each plot at each date of observation.
Chrysanthemum, Thrips, Mite, and Aphid Control, 1979
Authors: Schuder Donald L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A series of twelve treatments was applied to a private planting of chrysanthemum of two varieties 'Mini Pink' and 'Buckeye' on July 3'79. The experiment utilized a random block design, replicated three times. Spray applications were made with a B & G stainless steel one gallon sprayer operating at 30 psi. The temperature was 82°F. On August 5th flower heads and foliage sample 6 inches long were removed, bagged, transported to the laboratory and placed in Berlese funnels. Seventy-two hours later the numbers of aphids, thrips, and mites were counted under a binocular microscope.
Space Fumigation Tests Against Selected Greenhouse Pests, 1979
Authors: Neal John W. , Pilitt Dana R. , Webb Ralph E. , Cawley Bryant M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Technical materials formulated as aerosols, pesticidal dusts and an emulsifiable concentrate were tested as space fumigants against certain greenhouse pests on either host plants or insect rearing media by fumigation of 2400 sealed trailers in Baltimore, MD on July 24-27'79. Preweighed dusts were introduced from outside through the rear door; aerosols and EC were released by an applicator within the trailer. Dusts were formulated in HTS11 233. The DDT/carbaryl dust contained 42.5% active of each compound. All aerosols were formulated with propellent F12 with percent active ingredients actual. FMC 35171 formulation required 10% ethanol cosolvent. The EC formulation was ap-plied undiluted from a hand-held battery powered spinning disc atomizer (Micron West, Inc., Houston, TX). Doors were opened 10 minutes after pesticide release, and insects were removed after 30 minutes. Temperatures during the test period were 23 to 26° C.
Ovicidal Capacity of Various Chemicals for Control Of West Indian Sugarcane Root Borer on Dracaena Marginata,Plymouth, Fl., 1979
Authors: Herbaugh Larry L. , Masteller Ernest C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A colony of adult Diaprepes abbreviatus was maintained in a twelve by ten by twenty-four-inch styrofoam cage. Twelve pair of threeinch Dracaena clippings were secured to the inside top of the cage to provide a place for the deposition of eggs.