bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solanum spp. straw improves phytoremediation ability of hyperaccumulator Galinsoga parviflora on cadmium‐contaminated soil
Authors: Dai Jingtong , Chen Xu , Wang Jiangyue , Cheng Qi , Li Rui , Lin Lijin , Wang Li 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCadmium (Cd) is a major cause of soil contamination in farmlands. To improve the phytoremediation ability of hyperaccumulators, the straws of three Solanum spp. (Solanum alatum, Solanum nigrum var. humile, and Solanum nigrum) were added to Cd‐contaminated soil, and Cd‐hyperaccumualtor Galinsoga parviflora were planted in the soil to explore their effect on phytoremediation ability of G. parviflora. The straws of three Solanum spp. increased the biomass of G. parviflora, but had no significant effects on the photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, and carotenoid) contents in G. parviflora. The straws of three Solanum spp. decreased or had no significant effects on the superoxide dismutase activity and soluble protein content of G. parviflora, however, they enhanced the catalase activity of this plant. The straw of S. nigrum var. humile enhanced the peroxidase activity of G. parviflora, whereas the straws of S. alatum and S. nigrum decreased the peroxidase activity of G. parviflora. The straws of three Solanum spp. increased the Cd content in shoots and the Cd extraction by shoots of G. parviflora. Compared with the control, the straws of S. alatum, S. nigrum var. humile, and S. nigrum increased the Cd extraction by shoots by 46.41%, 35.33%, and 41.20%, respectively. Correlation and gray relational analyses revealed that the root biomass, shoot biomass, and catalase activity were closely associated with the Cd extration by shoots of G. parviflora. These results indicate that the straws of three Solanum spp. can promote the growth and Cd uptake of G. parviflora, thus improving its phytoremediation ability.
An ALE‐based finite element strategy for modeling compressible two‐phase flows
Authors: Potghan Nilesh , Jog Chandrashekhar S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this work, we develop a numerical strategy for solving two‐phase immiscible compressible fluid flows in a general arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian framework. The interpolation functions for the field variables are chosen so as to produce a stable numerical formulation. We model one of the fluids in a Lagrangian setting and use a conforming mesh moving with it which circumvents the need of solving an additional diffusion equation to track or construct the interface. The discontinuity in the pressure field across the interface is accurately modeled using the dummy‐node technique. This technique yields a sharp and accurate representation of the interface and in turn a correct computation of the surface tension forces. We present a variational form of the governing equations including the surface tension effect and their exact linearization. Various benchmark examples are presented to illustrate the good performance and good coarse‐mesh accuracy of the proposed scheme.
Zur Anwendung der Erdwiderstandsmodelle von p‐y‐Kurven und nach DIN 4085 zur lateralen Pfahlbemessung in geschichteten Böden
Authors: Lüking Jan , Wiesenthal Philipp , Kirsch Fabian 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDie Bemessung von horizontal belasteten Pfählen erfolgt in Deutschland i. d. R. mit dem vereinfachten Bettungsmodulverfahren oder dem Verfahren nach Blum. Hiermit können Pfahlkopfverschiebungen jedoch häufig nicht hinreichend genau prognostiziert werden. International werden nichtlineare Federkennlinien zur Abbildung des Bettungsverhaltens des Bodens verwendet, welches als p‐y‐Verfahren bezeichnet wird. In diesem Aufsatz werden die Grundlagen des p‐y‐Verfahrens vorgestellt und es wird auf die Herleitung der einzelnen Modelle für unterschiedliche Bodenarten sowie die mathematische Beschreibung der jeweiligen p‐y‐Kurven eingegangen. Zur Berücksichtigung geschichteter Böden wird der Ansatz nach Georgiadis verwendet. Der mit diesem Verfahren ermittelte Erdwiderstand wird mit Berechnungen für den räumlichen Erdwiderstand nach DIN 4085 verglichen. Da in der DIN 4085 nur Formelansätze für homogene Böden angegeben sind, werden die entsprechenden Formeln für geschichtete Böden erweitert. Im Rahmen einer Parameterstudie an typischen Baugrundschichtungen werden die maßgebenden Unterschiede der einzelnen Verfahren aufgezeigt und diskutiert.
Different effects for different questions: An illustration using short cervix and the risk of preterm birth
Authors: Ross Rachael K. , Cole Stephen R. , Westreich Daniel , Edwards Jessie K. , Musonda Patrick , Vwalika Bellington , Kasaro Margaret P. , Price Joan T. , Stringer Jeffrey S. A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo illustrate the difference between exposure effects and population attributable effects.MethodsWe examined the effect of mid‐pregnancy short cervical length (<25 mm) on preterm birth using data from a prospective cohort of pregnant women in Lusaka, Zambia. Preterm birth was live birth or stillbirth before 37 weeks of pregnancy. For estimation, we used multivariable regression and parametric g‐computation.ResultsAmong 1409 women included in the analysis, short cervix was rare (2.4%); 13.6% of births were preterm. Exposure effect estimates were large (marginal risk ratio 2.86, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.80–4.54), indicating that the preterm birth risk was substantially higher among women with a short cervix compared with women without a short cervix. However, the population attributable effect estimates were close to the null (risk ratio 1.06, 95% CI 1.02–1.10), indicating that an intervention to counteract the impact of short cervix on preterm birth would have minimal effect on the population risk of preterm birth.ConclusionAlthough authors often refer to “the” effect, there are actually different types of effects, as we have illustrated here. In planning research, it is important to consider which effect to estimate to ensure that the estimate aligns with the research objective.
Social inequities and postabortion care: Brazil's university hospital experience
Authors: Veiga‐Junior Nelio N. , Trabach Caroline B. , Dantas Priscilla B. F. , Nunes Carina C. , Baccaro Luiz F. 
Published: July 2022

SynopsisSurveillance network provides for changes in postabortion care, and is a strategy to improve the access of vulnerable social groups to safe abortion.
Sustained impact of community‐based interventions on contraceptive use among married adolescent girls in rural Niger: Results from a cluster randomized controlled trial
Authors: Erhardt‐Ohren Blake , Brooks Mohamad , Aliou Sani , Osseni Akim Assani , Oumarou Alhassane , Challa Sneha , Tomar Shweta , Johns Nicole , Silverman Jay 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the sustained impact of community‐based family planning (FP) interventions on current modern contraceptive and long‐acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) use among married adolescent girls in rural Niger.MethodsWe used a cluster randomized controlled trial design following married adolescent girls and their husbands over 3 years. Villages were randomized to one of four arms: household visits, small group discussions, combined intervention, or control. For 1.5 years, couples were exposed to one intervention activity per month and 1.5 years after implementation ended, we used a multi‐level mixed effects logistic regression model to evaluate changes in key FP outcomes.ResultsWe analyzed survey data from 404 married adolescent girls with data at baseline and endline. Small group discussions (+35.6%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 7.94, P < 0.001) and the combined intervention (+17.9%: aOR 4.53, P = 0.005) led to statistically significant increases in the odds of using modern contraceptives at endline compared with the control. The combined intervention (+14.2%; aOR 7.98, P < 0.001) and home visits (+12.6%; aOR 8.09, P < 0.001) led to statistically significant increases in odds of using LARC methods at endline compared with the control. Increase in LARC use was driven by implant use across all intervention groups.ConclusionThis study contributes to the empirical evidence base on the sustained impact of community‐based interventions on increases in FP use among married adolescent girls in low‐ and middle‐income countries.
The spectrum for large sets of resolvable idempotent Latin squares
Authors: Li Xiangqian , Chang Yanxun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAn idempotent Latin square of order is called resolvable and denoted by RILS(v) if the off‐diagonal cells can be resolved into disjoint transversals. A large set of resolvable idempotent Latin squares of order , briefly LRILS(v), is a collection of RILS(v)s pairwise agreeing on only the main diagonal. In this article, an LRILS(v) is constructed for by using multiplier automorphism groups. Hence, there exists an LRILS(v) for any positive integer , except .
A cardiac malignant primary tumor: Left atrium myxosarcoma—A case report
Authors: Junze Zheng , Yuxi Liu , Jiande Tang , Xuezhe Wei , Yequan Sun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMyxosarcoma only accounts for a very small proportion of primary malignant tumors of the heart. The disease has no specificity in clinical manifestations or features on medical images. In this case study, we report about a middle‐aged female patient afflicted with cardiac myxosarcoma. The initial transthoracic echocardiography of the patient revealed a cardiac myxoma. However, the postoperative histopathology confirmed the presence of a malignant cardiac myxosarcoma. Post‐surgery follow‐up imaging examinations revealed local recurrence in the left atrium as well as soft‐tissue and bone metastases. The recurrent tumor and metastases were subsequently treated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy. However, the tumor did not respond to treatment and the disease progressed.
The role of multimodality imaging in the selection for implantable cardioverter‐defibrillators in heart failure: A narrative review
Authors: Velcea Andreea Elena , Mihaila Baldea Sorina , Nicula Alina Ioana , Vinereanu Dragos 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAdvanced pharmacologic and interventional therapies have improved survival in heart failure. Implantable cardioverter‐defibrillators (ICD) have been shown to reduce mortality in patients with heart failure, but the benefit appears to be uneven in this population. We reviewed the evidence showing the benefit of ICD therapy in heart failure patients, the main issues arising from these studies, and the possible answers for a better risk stratification. In addition, we showed that multimodality imaging could improve patient selection for the implantation of ICDs, in both primary and secondary prevention, beyond the selection using only the left ventricular ejection fraction, by concentrating on arrhythmic substrate.
Challenges in quantifying and characterizing dissolved organic carbon: Sampling, isolation, storage, and analysis
Authors: Chow Alex Tat‐Shing , Ulus Yener , Huang Guocheng , Kline Michael Alan , Cheah Wing‐Yee 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDespite the advancements in analytical techniques, there are still great challenges and difficulties in accurately and effectively quantifying and characterizing dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in environmental samples. The objectives of this review paper are (a) to understand the roles and variability of DOC along the water continuum; (b) to identify the constraints, inconsistences, limitations, and artifacts in DOC characterization; and (c) to provide recommendations and remarks to improve the analytical accuracy. For the first objective, we summarize the four ecological and engineering roles of DOC along the water continuum from source water to municipal utility, including nutrients and energy sources, controlling the fates of micropollutants, buffering capacity, and treatability and precursors of disinfection byproducts. We also discuss three major challenges in DOC analysis, including spatial and temporal variations, degradability and stability, and unknown structures and formulas. For the second objective, we review the procedures and steps in DOC analysis, including sampling in diverse environmental matrices, isolation of DOC fraction, storage and preservation techniques, and analyses on bulk chemical characteristics. We list and discuss the available options and evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of each choice. Last, we provide recommendations and remarks for each stage: sampling, isolation, storage, and analysis.
Genetic counselors' experience with reimbursement and patient out‐of‐pocket cost for multi‐cancer gene panel testing for hereditary cancer syndromes
Authors: Weldon Christine B. , Trosman Julia R. , Liang Su‐Ying , Douglas Michael P. , Scheuner Maren T. , Kurian Allison , Schaa Kendra L. , Roscow Breanna , Erwin Deanna , Phillips Kathryn A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMulti‐cancer gene panels for hereditary cancer syndromes (hereditary cancer panels, HCPs) are widely available, and some laboratories have programs that limit patients' out‐of‐pocket (OOP) cost share. However, little is known about practices by cancer genetic counselors for discussing and ordering an HCP and how insurance reimbursement and patient out‐of‐pocket share impact these practices. We conducted a survey of cancer genetic counselors based in the United States through the National Society of Genetic Counselors to assess the impact of reimbursement and patient OOP share on ordering of an HCP and hereditary cancer genetic counseling. Data analyses were conducted using chi‐square and t tests. We received 135 responses (16% response rate). We found that the vast majority of respondents (94%, 127/135) ordered an HCP for patients rather than single‐gene tests to assess hereditary cancer predisposition. Two‐thirds of respondents reported that their institution had no protocol related to discussing HCPs with patients. Most respondents (84%, 114/135) indicated clinical indications and patients' requests as important in selecting and ordering HCPs, while 42%, 57/135, considered reimbursement and patient OOP share factors important. We found statistically significant differences in reporting of insurance as a frequently used payment method for HCPs and in‐person genetic counseling (84% versus 59%, respectively, p < 0.0001). Perceived patient willingness to pay more than $100 was significantly higher for HCPs than for genetic counseling(41% versus 22%, respectively, p < 0.01). In sum, genetic counselors' widespread selection and ordering of HCPs is driven more by clinical indications and patient preferences than payment considerations. Respondents perceived that testing is more often reimbursed by insurance than genetic counseling, and patients are more willing to pay for an HCP than for genetic counseling. Policy efforts should address this incongruence in reimbursement and patient OOP share. Patient‐centered communication should educate patients on the benefit of genetic counseling.
Disability inclusive employment in urban Malawi: A multi‐perspective interview study
Authors: Remnant Jennifer , Wånggren Lena , Huque Sarah , Sang Katherine , Kachali Limbani , Richards James 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe paper presents interview data from Malawian government representatives, trade unionists, employers and people with disabilities from the country's largest cities Lilongwe and Blantyre. Findings relate to the gap between the discourse of employers and government officials and that of workers with disabilities. Firstly, we find a policy‐based assumption of a formalised workforce that is not representative of the predominantly informal disabled workforce. Secondly, the disruptive, intermittent and often reactive nature of non‐governmental organisation (NGO) interventions can limit long‐term inclusivity agendas and undermine the work of disabled activists in Malawi. Lastly, we present findings on the stigmatised nature of disability in these urban centres. We find that stigma is economic: Urban workers with disabilities are discriminated against locally by employers, landlords and banks on assumptions they will not produce or earn enough to meet productivity demands, rent or repayment costs.
Ontogeny of the trigeminal system and associated structures in Alligator mississippiensis
Authors: Lessner Emily J. , Elsey Ruth M. , Holliday Casey M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFrom the appearance of the vertebrate head, the trigeminal system has played a role in behavioral and ecological adaptation. The trigeminal nerve is the primary cranial somatosensory nerve, also innervating the jaw muscles. In crocodylians, the trigeminal nerve plays a role in modulating the high bite force and unique integumentary sensation. In association with these behaviors, crocodylians are known for large trigeminal nerves, a high volume of trigeminal‐innervated musculature, and densely packed, specialized sensory receptors. These innovations also occurred in concert with a restructuring of the lateral braincase wall. These morphologies have previously been investigated in phylogenetic and evolutionary contexts, but an ontogenetic, whole‐system investigation of trigeminal tissue and associated musculature, cartilage, and bone is lacking, as is an understanding of developmental timing of morphologies significant to hypotheses of homology. Here, we use contrast‐enhanced computed tomography imaging to provide description and analysis of the trigeminal system in an ontogenetic series of Alligator mississippiensis from embryonic to adult form. We explore growth rates and allometric relationships of structures and discuss the significance to hypotheses of homology. We find a high growth rate and allometric trajectory of the trigeminal nerve in comparison to other cranial nerves, likely associated with the large volume of trigeminal musculature and high densities of sensory receptors. We identify a similar trend in the pterygoideus dorsalis muscle, the highest contributor to bite force. We narrow ontogenetic timing of features related to the trigeminal topological paradigm and the undeveloped epipterygoid. Overall, we provide a basis for understanding trigeminal development in crocodylians, which upon comparison across reptiles will reveal ontogenetic origins of morphological variation.
Comparison of DeepStrain and Feature Tracking for Cardiac MRI Strain Analysis
Authors: Morales Manuel A. , Cirillo Julia , Nakata Kei , Kucukseymen Selcuk , Ngo Long H. , Izquierdo‐Garcia David , Catana Ciprian , Nezafat Reza 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundMyocardial feature tracking (FT) provides a comprehensive analysis of myocardial deformation from cine balanced steady‐state free‐precession images (bSSFP). However, FT remains time‐consuming, precluding its clinical adoption.PurposeTo compare left‐ventricular global radial strain (GRS) and global circumferential strain (GCS) values measured using automated DeepStrain analysis of short‐axis cine images to those calculated using manual commercially available FT analysis.Study TypeRetrospective, single‐center.PopulationA total of 30 healthy subjects and 120 patients with cardiac disease for DeepStrain development. For evaluation, 47 healthy subjects (36 male, 53 ± 5 years) and 533 patients who had undergone a clinical cardiac MRI (373 male, 59 ± 14 years).Field Strength/SequencebSSFP sequence at 1.5 T (Phillips) and 3 T (Siemens).AssessmentAutomated DeepStrain measurements of GRS and GCS were compared to commercially available FT (Circle, cvi42) measures obtained by readers with 1 year and 3 years of experience. Comparisons were performed overall and stratified by scanner manufacturer.Statistical TestsPaired t‐test, linear regression slope, Pearson correlation coefficient (r).ResultsOverall, FT and DeepStrain measurements of GCS were not significantly different (P = 0.207), but measures of GRS were significantly different. Measurements of GRS from Philips (slope = 1.06 [1.03 1.08], r = 0.85) and Siemens (slope = 1.04 [0.99 1.09], r = 0.83) data showed a very strong correlation and agreement between techniques. Measurements of GCS from Philips (slope = 0.98 [0.98 1.01], r = 0.91) and Siemens (slope = 1.0 [0.96 1.03], r = 0.88) data similarly showed a very strong correlation.The average analysis time per subject was 4.1 ± 1.2 minutes for FT and 34.7 ± 3.3 seconds for DeepStrain, representing a 7‐fold reduction in analysis time.Data ConclusionThis study demonstrated high correlation of myocardial GCS and GRS measurements between freely available fully automated DeepStrain and commercially available manual FT software, with substantial time‐saving in the analysis.Evidence Level3Technical EfficacyStage 3
Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota in children with severe motor and intellectual disabilities receiving enteral nutrition: A pilot study
Authors: Nakai Yoko , Akagawa Shohei , Fujishiro Sadayuki , Akagawa Yuko , Yamagishi Mitsuru , Yamanouchi Sohsaku , Kimata Takahisa , Ohashi Atsushi , Hashiyada Masaki , Akane Atsushi , Tsuji Shoji , Kaneko Kazunari 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundChildren with severe motor and intellectual disabilities (SMIDs) frequently and continuously receive enteral nutrition and medications and lack adequate exercise, which may lead to dysbiosis, an imbalance in the composition of the gut microbiota. However, studies on the composition of gut microbiota in children with SMIDs are limited. Therefore, we aimed to examine the characteristics of the gut microbiota in children with SMIDs.Methods16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed using fecal samples of 10 children with SMIDs, who received enteral nutrition through a gastric fistula or gastric tube (SMID group: median age, 10.0 years), and 19 healthy children (healthy control [HC] group: median age, 9.0 years). Microbial diversity, microbial composition, and abundance of butyric acid‐producing bacteria were compared between the groups. Daily dietary fiber intake in the SMID group was evaluated using questionnaires.ResultsThe Shannon and Simpson indices (alpha diversity indices) were significantly lower in the SMID group than those in the HC group. Beta diversity analysis identified different clusters. Compared with the HC group, Clostridiales and butyric acid‐producing bacteria were less abundant and Bacteroidales were more abundant in the SMID group. Dietary fiber intake in the SMID group was approximately two‐thirds of the estimated average requirement for healthy Japanese children.ConclusionChildren with SMIDs showed dysbiosis with alteration in the microbial diversity, which could partly be attributed to their low dietary fiber intake. Further studies, with the intervention of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics, are warranted to improve dysbiosis in children with SMIDs.