bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Notch-dependent DNAcis-regulatory elements and their dose-dependent control ofC. elegansstem cell self-renewal
Authors: Lynch Tina R. , Xue Mingyu , Czerniak Cazza W. , Lee ChangHwan , Kimble Judith 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTA long-standing biological question is how DNA cis-regulatory elements shape transcriptional patterns during metazoan development. Reporter constructs, cell culture assays and computational modeling have made major contributions to answering this question, but analysis of elements in their natural context is an important complement. Here, we mutate Notch-dependent LAG-1 binding sites (LBSs) in the endogenous Caenorhabditis elegans sygl-1 gene, which encodes a key stem cell regulator, and analyze the consequences on sygl-1 expression (nascent transcripts, mRNA, protein) and stem cell maintenance. Mutation of one LBS in a three-element cluster approximately halved both expression and stem cell pool size, whereas mutation of two LBSs essentially abolished them. Heterozygous LBS mutant clusters provided intermediate values. Our results lead to two major conclusions. First, both LBS number and configuration impact cluster activity: LBSs act additively in trans and synergistically in cis. Second, the SYGL-1 gradient promotes self-renewal above its functional threshold and triggers differentiation below the threshold. Our approach of coupling CRISPR/Cas9 LBS mutations with effects on both molecular and biological readouts establishes a powerful model for in vivo analyses of DNA cis-regulatory elements.
Dissociation of β2m from MHC class I triggers formation of noncovalent transient heavy chain dimers
Authors: Dirscherl Cindy , Löchte Sara , Hein Zeynep , Kopicki Janine-Denise , Harders Antonia Regina , Linden Noemi , Karner Andreas , Preiner Johannes , Weghuber Julian , Garcia-Alai Maria , Uetrecht Charlotte , Zacharias Martin , Piehler Jacob , Lanzerstorfer Peter , Springer Sebastian 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTAt the plasma membrane of mammalian cells, major histocompatibility complex class I molecules (MHC-I) present antigenic peptides to cytotoxic T cells. Following the loss of the peptide and the light chain beta-2 microglobulin (β2m, encoded by B2M), the resulting free heavy chains (FHCs) can associate into homotypic complexes in the plasma membrane. Here, we investigate the stoichiometry and dynamics of MHC-I FHCs assemblies by combining a micropattern assay with fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) and with single-molecule co-tracking. We identify non-covalent MHC-I FHC dimers, with dimerization mediated by the α3 domain, as the prevalent species at the plasma membrane, leading a moderate decrease in the diffusion coefficient. MHC-I FHC dimers show increased tendency to cluster into higher order oligomers as concluded from an increased immobile fraction with higher single-molecule colocalization. In vitro studies with isolated proteins in conjunction with molecular docking and dynamics simulations suggest that in the complexes, the α3 domain of one FHC binds to another FHC in a manner similar to that seen for β2m.
The role of 2 - Octyl-Isocyanacrylate Glue, as a microbial barrier in peripherally inserted central catheter port VADS. A review of the literature
Authors: Delezos Constantinos , Katsoulas Theodoros , Mariolis-Sapsakos Theodoros , Konstantinou Evangelos 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Introduction: The implanted port catheters in chemotherapy which are connected to a Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter (PICC Ports) are used daily in clinical nursing practice, enabling the administration of intravenous fluids, blood, drugs and Total Parenteral Nutrition. The 2-octyl-isocyanoacrylate glue as an alternative intervention in preventing wound infection during PICC port insertion.
Aim: The aim of the present review was to explore the use of 2-octylisocyanacrylate glue as a microbial barrier in wound trauma and in peripherally central catheter insertion.
Methods: An electronic research was conducted in 4 databases. Sixty five papers focusing on the use of glue in surgical trauma closure and healing were analyzed.
Results: The literature demonstrates significant benefits of the 2-octyl-isocyanacrylate glue in comparison to other tissue adhesives, when placed on skin incisions. The 2-octyl-isocyanacrylate glue seems to provide an effective barrier to microbial penetration by Gram-positive and Gram-negative motile and non-motile species.
Conclusions: The use of the 2-octyl-isocyanacrylate seems to be an effective method for skin closure and healing in patients undergoing PICC Port implantation whilst causing no side effects such as allergies, skin irritation or pain during the procedure.
Design and implementation of modular 6-degrees of freedom light-weight cooperative handling robot
Authors: Chen Ya , Yang Jiaheng , Wang Dianjun , Zhong Haoxiang , Zheng Xingkang , Liu Qianyang 
Published: April 2022

Background: In view of the poor working environment and high labor intensity of manual loading and unloading in the production process of small forgings, a modular 6-DOF (degrees of freedom) light-weight cooperative handling robot is designed. Combined with the computer-aided design method, the modular and lightweight design is realized through the simulation of the actual motion situation. Methods: The overall configuration and modular joints of the robot were designed, and the static characteristics analysis of the whole robot and key parts was performed using Ansys to verify the rationality of the structural design. The kinematics model of the robot was established by using the Denavit-Hartenberg parameter method and the workspace of the robot was solved by forward kinematics simulation. Performance testing of the experimental prototype was executed. The repeated positioning accuracy was analyzed by a laser tracker to measure the position information at the end of the robot. Results: The results show that the repetitive positioning accuracy of the robot is 0.09mm, which can meet the requirements of loading and unloading handling in forging production. Conclusions: The study provides a theoretical basis for the structure design and optimization of the light-weight cooperative robot.
Functional-Voxel Modelling of Bezie Curves
Authors: Sycheva Anastasiya 
Published: April 2022

The problem of this research is the impossibility of applying parametric functions in theoretical-multiple modeling, that significantly narrows the range of problems solved by analytical models and methods of computational geometry. To expand the possibilities of R-functional modeling application in the field of computer-aided design systems, it is proposed to solve the problem of finding an appropriate representation of parametric curves using functional-voxel computer models.
The method of functional-voxel modeling is considered as a computer graphic representation of analytical functions’ areas on the computer. The basic principles and examples of combining R-functional and functional-voxel methods with obtaining R-voxel modeling have been presented. In this case, R-functional operations have been implemented on functional-voxel models by means of functional-voxel arithmetic.
Based on the described approach to modeling of theoretical-multiple operations for the function area represented by graphical M-images, two approaches to construction a functional-voxel model of the Bezier curve have been proposed. The first one is based on the sequential construction of the curve’s interior by intersection a positive area of half-planes, which enumeration is performed by De Castiljo algorithm. This approach is limited by the convexity of the curve’s reference polygon. This problem’s solution has been considered. The second approach is based on the application of a two-dimensional function for local zeroing (FLOZ), i.e., a nil segment on the positive area of function values. By consecutive unification of such segments it is proposed to construct the required parametrically given curve.
Some features related to operation and realization of the proposed approaches have been described and illustrated in detail. The advantages and disadvantages of described approaches have been highlighted. Assumptions about applicability of proposed algorithms for Bezier curve functional-voxel modeling in solving of various geometric modeling problems have been made.
When Paid Work Gives in to Unpaid Care Work: Evidence from the Hedge Fund Industry Under COVID-19
Authors: Ain Tommar Sara , Kolokolova Olga , Mura Roberto 
Published: April 2022

We examine how childcare inequalities in the home affect the work productivity of female talent, using unique data on the family structures of hedge fund managers and the exogenous shock from school closures during the early COVID-19 pandemic response. We find that female managers’ ability to generate abnormal returns is curbed by 9% on average in the shock-month of school closures, providing a direct measure of the cost of unpaid care work. This effect is driven by mothers and especially mothers with young children. With increasing calls for more female representation in all layers of the economy and the efforts exerted toward that goal, there is reason for concern that these efforts might not factor in as the pandemic has uncovered how women in general and mothers in particular bear both the burden of unpaid care work and the subsequent cost to their paid work. This paper was accepted by Victoria Ivashina, finance.
Dynamic Double Auctions: Toward First Best
Authors: Balseiro Santiago R. , Mirrokni Vahab , Leme Renato Paes , Zuo Song 
Published: April 2022

Efficient and Profit-Maximizing Dynamic Double Auctions for Two-Sided MarketsTwo-sided markets that enable sellers and buyers to trade have received considerable attention in the past decade. Prominent examples include online advertising, freelancing, and ride-hailing. In these markets, trade is coordinated by an intermediating platform that determines which parties should trade, collects payments from buyers, and transfers payments to sellers. How should trading mechanisms be designed when agents repeatedly trade over time? In the paper “Dynamic Double Auctions: Toward First Best,” Balseiro, Mirrokni, Paes Leme, and Zuo design dynamic double auctions that satisfy the following practical requirements: no positive transfers, that is, the platform never asks sellers to make payments nor are buyers ever paid; and periodic individual rationality, that is, agents should derive a nonnegative utility from every trade opportunity. This work provides mechanisms satisfying these requirements that, as the number of trading opportunities grows, are asymptotically efficient, budget balanced, and allow to extract the welfare generated by the market as profit.
When Does the Pre-entry Experience of New Entrants Improve Their Performance? A Meta-Analytical Investigation of Critical Moderators
Authors: Cao Zhi , Posen Hart E. 
Published: April 2022

Although pre-entry experience is widely regarded as a critical asset that positively influences new entrant performance, empirical support is mixed. To address this inconsistency, we conduct a meta-analysis of the empirical findings in 272 papers. We draw theoretically on the organizational learning literature to argue that the pre-entry experience–new entrant performance relationship is contingent on the characteristics of pre-entry experience, the environmental context of the new entrant, and the interaction between the two. In particular, we examine the effects of two levels of pre-entry experience (firm and founder), four types of founder-level pre-entry experience (entrepreneurial, managerial, industry, and functional experience), and two types of environments (industry and institutional). The meta-analysis results show a significant and positive correlation between founder-level pre-entry experience and economic performance of 0.07. Likewise, the failure rates of spinouts and diversifying entrants are 11% lower than that of start-ups. The moderating analysis results show that the correlation of founder-level pre-entry experience and economic performance is lower in knowledge- or technology-intensive (KTI) industries and higher in low-KTI manufacturing and service industries. The correlation is also higher in institutional environments with high power distance and individualism. These findings provide compelling new evidence for the importance of pre-entry experience and advance our understanding of the boundary conditions on the pre-entry experience–new entrant performance relationship.Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2022.1589 .
Women's satisfaction with maternity care and its associated factors in Ikot Omin, Nigeria
Authors: Eko Inyang Enebieni , Edet Olaide Bamidele 
Published: April 2022

Background/AimsWomen's satisfaction with care during the maternity period is a critical determinant of sustained use of maternity services and positive birth outcomes. This study examined factors associated with women's satisfaction with care during the maternity period in Ikot Omin, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional descriptive study of 404 women of reproductive age who had received maternity care services from health facilities or were currently receiving either antenatal, delivery or postnatal services from health facilities in Ikot Omin. Data were collected using a 31-item validated questionnaire that asked questions on sociodemographic data, healthcare workers' attitudes and satisfaction with maternity care. The data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics, with the chi squared test and logistic regression being used to calculate association between variables.ResultsLess than half (47.3%) of the respondents were satisfied with their maternity care. The participants' overall satisfaction was statistically significantly associated with healthcare workers' attitudes (P<0.000), maternal age (P<0.000), parity (P<0.000), educational level (P<0.000) and marital status (P=0.035).ConclusionsRespondents' satisfaction with maternity care was varied and associated with healthcare workers' attitudes, as well as sociodemographic characteristics. Policies should be developed by stakeholders to encourage healthcare workers to adopt a positive attitude that is favourable to women during this sensitive and crucial period of women's lives. Mothers' educational level should be enhanced. Healthcare workers should be exposed to group reflection on the ethical codes relating specifically to their profession and value clarification sessions to improve their attitudes.
Lateral Cephalograms: Why Do We Take Them?
Authors: Haworth Jennifer , Virdi Miesha , Ireland Anthony J 
Published: April 2022

Orthodontic indications for lateral cephalograms are diagnosis, prescription, prediction and research. Benefits of taking these radiographs must be weighed against the risks of radiation exposure. Various cephalometric analyses have been described, and these are commonly used for diagnosis and treatment planning, but unavoidable errors of both projection and identification can complicate radiographic interpretation. The use of the cervical vertebral maturation technique for growth prediction has been contentious, but may have a useful role in aiding treatment timing. Research outcomes in orthodontics have focused heavily on cephalometrics, but this is starting to change, especially with the development of 3D analysis techniques. CPD/Clinical Relevance: The range of uses of lateral cephalograms in orthodontic practice and some of the latest research regarding the use of cephalometrics in treatment planning is described.
Precision roll angle measurement system based on autocollimation
Authors: Ren Wenran , Cui Jiwen , Tan Jiubin 
Published: April 2022

The traditional autocollimation method is widely used for small angle measurement due to its high precision and high resolution, but it cannot be used to measure the roll angle. To overcome this problem, a roll angle measurement method based on autocollimation is proposed in this paper. To achieve roll angle measurement, a transmission grating is selected to generate a pair of measurement beams, and a combined target is designed as the angle sensor. A roll angle with higher accuracy and resolution can be obtained by differential measurement, because the measurement error introduced by the beam angle drift of the light source can be effectively suppressed. A series of experiments is carried out to verify the performance of the proposed system. In the experiments, the resolution of the roll angle is better than

0.05

arcsec, and the accuracy of the system is

0.20

arcsec with a measurement range of

250

arcsec.
Average power scaling of THz spintronic emitters efficiently cooled in reflection geometry
Authors: Vogel Tim , Omar Alan , Mansourzadeh Samira , Wulf Frank , Sabanés Natalia Martín , Müller Melanie , Seifert Tom S. , Weigel Alexander , Jakob Gerhard , Kläui Mathias , Pupeza Ioachim , Kampfrath Tobias , Saraceno Clara J. 
Published: April 2022

Metallic spintronic terahertz (THz) emitters have become well-established for offering ultra-broadband, gapless THz emission in a variety of excitation regimes, in combination with reliable fabrication and excellent scalability. However, so far, their potential for high-average-power excitation to reach strong THz fields at high repetition rates has not been thoroughly investigated. In this article, we explore the power scaling behavior of tri-layer spintronic emitters using an Yb-fiber excitation source, delivering an average power of 18.5 W (7 W incident on the emitter after chopping) at 400 kHz repetition rate, temporally compressed to a pulse duration of 27 fs. We confirm that a reflection geometry with back-side cooling is ideally suited for these emitters in the high-average-power excitation regime. In order to understand limiting mechanisms, we disentangle the effects on THz power generation by average power and pulse energy by varying the repetition rate of the laser. Our results show that the conversion efficiency is predominantly determined by the incident fluence in this high-average-power, high-repetition-rate excitation regime if the emitters are efficiently cooled. Using these findings, we optimize the conversion efficiency and reach highest excitation powers in the back-cooled reflection geometry. Our findings provide guidelines for scaling the power of THz radiation emitted by spintronic emitters to the milliwatt-level by using state-of-the-art femtosecond sources with multi-hundred-Watt average power to reach ultra-broadband, strong-field THz sources with high repetition rate.
Association of trends in child undernutrition and implementation of the National Rural Health Mission in India: A nationally representative serial cross-sectional study on data from 1992 to 2015
Authors: Soni Apurv , Fahey Nisha , Bhutta Zulfiqar , Li Wenjun , Moore Simas Tiffany , Nimbalkar Somashekhar , Allison Jeroan 
Published: April 2022

Background
India launched the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) in 2005 to strengthen its primary healthcare system in high-focus and northeast-focus states. One of the NRHM objectives was to reduce child undernutrition in India.

Methods and findings
We used data from 1992, 1998, 2005, and 2015 National Family Health Survey (NFHS) of India to evaluate trends in child undernutrition prevalence before and after NRHM and across different categories of focus states. Stunting, Wasting, and Comprehensive Index of Anthropometric Failure (CIAF) were assessed using the World Health Organization (WHO) growth curves to assess chronic, acute, and overall undernutrition. The study included 187,452 children aged 3 years or under. Survey-weighted and confounder-adjusted average annualized reduction rates (AARRs) and predicted probability ratios were used to assess trends and socioeconomic disparities for child undernutrition, respectively. Nationwide, the prevalence of all types of undernutrition decreased from 1992 to 2015. However, the trends varied before and after NRHM implementation and differentially by focus states. After NRHM, acute undernutrition declined more rapidly among high-focus states (AARR 1.0%) but increased in normal-focus states (AARR −1.9% per year; p-value for the difference <0.001). In contrast, the prevalence of chronic undernutrition declined more rapidly (AARR 1.6%) in the normal-focus states in comparison to high-focus states (0.3%; p-value for the difference = 0.01). Income and caste-based disparities in acute undernutrition decreased but did not disappear after the implementation of the NRHM. However, similar disparities in prevalence of chronic undernutrition appear to be exacerbated after the implementation of the NRHM. Major limitations of this study include the observational and cross-sectional design, which preclude our ability to draw causal inferences.

Conclusions
Our results suggests that NRHM implementation might be associated with improvement in wasting (acute) rather than stunting (chronic) forms of undernutrition. Strategies to combat undernutrition equitably, especially in high-focus states, are needed.
Ruptured uterus: Frequency, risk factors and feto-maternal outcome: Current scenario in a low-resource setup
Authors: Abrar Saida , Abrar Tahira , Sayyed Ehsan , Naqvi Sidra Ali 
Published: April 2022

Introduction
Pakistan is among the countries with the highest maternal death rates. Obstetric hemorrhage accounts for 41% of these deaths. Uterine rupture is a grave obstetric emergency with high maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. It is important to identify its frequency and associated risk factors to formulate programs for its prevention and management. This study aimed to assess the frequency, associated risk factors, fetomaternal outcomes, and management of women with the ruptured uterus at our hospital.

Material and methods
It was a retrospective study of 206 women to review data collected from cases of uterine rupture managed at the WCTH Bannu, Pakistan from October 2016 to October 2018. A structured proforma was designed and used to extract data from operating theatre registers and the hospital medical records. In our hospital, there is a strong system of maintaining all information of the patients related to demographics, obstetric information, operative notes, and postoperative course during their hospital stay in the patient’s charts. Detailed information on operative procedures is further maintained in the operation theater register and all these registers are checked in the weekly statistical meetings to ensure proper documentation. Data was entered and analyzed in SPSS package version 21 (IBM Corp.; Armonk, NY, USA). Frequency and percentages were calculated for the categorical variables. For inferential statistics, chi-square or Fischer exact tests were used. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results
The overall incidence of the ruptured uterus was 1.71%. The important etiological factors were grand multiparity 62 (35.2%), obstructed/neglected labour 58 (32.9%), injudicious use of Oxytocin 56 (31.8%) and prostaglandins 26 (14.7%), previous cesarean section 35 (19.8%) and previous pelvic surgery (0.5%). Hysterectomy was done in 80.6% of cases, 34 (19.2%) patients underwent uterine repair and 4.5% had bladder repair. The mortality rate was 21%, mainly due to irreversible shock or disseminated intravascular coagulation. Perinatal mortality was 91.4%. Duration of surgery more than two hours and presentation to the hospital at night time was significantly associated with poor maternal outcome (p = 0.00).

Conclusion
Uterine rupture is a preventable obstetric emergency associated with high fetomaternal morbidity and mortality. The main causes were grand multigravidity, obstructed labour, previous C-sections and injudicious use of oxytocin and prostaglandins. Women with prolonged surgery and admission at night time had a poor maternal outcome.