bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analisis Ketahanan Kota Terhadap Bencana Banjir Di Kota Jayapura
Authors: Martha A. Patoding  , Irja Tobawan Simbiak  , Monita Yessy Beatrick  
Published: November 2022

Ketahanan kota (resilient city) adalah konsep yang erat kaitannya dengan pembangunan berkelanjutan, yaitu konsep yang dibangun diatas tiga dimensi mitigasi, adaptasi, dan respons. Konsep tersebut sebagai bentuk kapasitas individu, masyarakat, dan sistem dari sebuah kota untuk bisa bertahan, beradaptasi, serta mengurangi dampak, dan dapat tumbuh terhadap tekanan dan guncangan besar yang dihadapi. Guncangan yang dihadapi pada Kota Jayapura yaitu bencana banjir, dimana bencana banjir sendiri merupakan siklus tahunan. Kota Jayapura merupakan ibu kota Provinsi Papua, dalam hal ini diperlukan sebuah konsep perencanaan kota yang dapat memiliki ketahanan terhadap bencana yang dihadapi. Upaya dalam menurunkan risiko terhadap bencana banjir dengan menggunakan konsep ketahanan kota (resilient city). Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis kualitatif, yang digunakan untuk penyimpulan pendapat mengenai aspek dan indikator yang berkaitan dalam ketahanan Kota Jayapura terhadap bencana banjir. Metode kedua yaitu analisis Delphi yang digunakan untuk menganalisis kriteria indeks ketahanan kota yang diperlukan untuk Kota Jayapura menjadi tangguh terhadap bencana banjir. Hasil yang di dapat adalah Aspek Kesehatan, Aspek Sosial Demografi, Aspek Infrastruktur, Aspek Budaya Masyarakat (kebiasaan) dan aspek strategi. Hasil dari analisis Delphi dan kualitatif juga mendapatkan konsep ketahanan kota berdasarkan pendapat partisipan (key informants). Ketahanan Kota sendiri yaitu bagaimana merencanakan aspek mitigasi dan adaptasi dengan strategi yang dibutuhkan ialah pengendalian pemanfaatan ruang dalam hal pembangunan, yang disesuaikan dengan fungsi penggunaan lahan menurut Perda No 1 Tahun 2014. Visi dan strategi kota dalam ketahanan menghadapi bencana banjir adalah dengan menerapkan mitigasi seperti tanggul, pintu air, sumur resapan, biopori dan mengembangkan ruang terbuka hijau. sebagai pengendalian banjir serta memperhitungkan kapasitas pasca bencana. Dengan belajar dari bencana-bencana terdahulu yang sudah pernah terjadi di Kota Jayapura dan mengatur strategi yang terstruktur, terencana dan terpadu untuk Kota Jayapura dalam menghadapi bencana banjir.
ANALISA DAN INTERPRETASI KANDUNGAN MINERAL PADA BATUAN SEBAGAI BAHAN GALIAN INDUSTRI
Authors: Bodian Davin Panggabean  , Frans Simbol Tambing  
Published: November 2022

Batuan merupakan kumpulan dari beberapa jenis mineral. Setiap mineral terdiri dari berbagai ion-ion atau unsur-unsur tertentu. Ion atu unsur-unsur ini dapat diextrak melalui proses pengolahan atau metalurgi yang bermanfaat sebagai bahan industri, baik industri kimia, manufactur, industri kesehatan, maupun industri bahan peledak. Penelitian ini merupakan kelanjutan perluasan penelitian tahun lalu, dimana pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara random di beberapa titik daerah Jayapura yaitu daerah Koyakoso dan sekitarnya. Metode pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan cara pengambilan batuan yang masih segar dengan berat sekitar 2 Kg setiap titik. Titik pengambilan sampel sebanyak 6 titik dimana jarak antar titik sekitar 25 meter dengan titik pengambilan mengarah pada daerah perbukitan. Sampel yang telah diambil akan dibawa ke laboratorium untuk dilakukan analisa. Sampel terlebih dahulu dibersihkan dari kotoran-kotoran yang menempel seperti debu dan tanah,kemudian di gerus sampai ukuran 15 mesh, kemudian sampel hasil penggerusan di analisa dengan menggunakan mikroskop polarisasi untuk mengetahui sifat-sifat fisik batuan. Hasil dari sifat fisik batuan ini kemudian di interpretasi untuk mengetahui kandungan mineral-mineral yang terdapat pada batuan yang akan dikorelasikan dengan kandungan mineral yang tertera pada peta geologi regional lembar jayapura, dan hasil pengujian XRD terdahulu sebagai perbandingan. Hasil dari pengujian sifat fisik batuan ini langsung menunjukkan jenis kandungan mineral.
An Economic Analysis of Trends in Cost of Production and MSP in India
Authors: Sutradhar Sumit , Gautam Aryan , Shivani K. I. 
Published: November 2022

Objectives: To study a two-decade economic analysis of Minimum Support Price (MSP) trends compared to the cost of production of major crops of India and understand the real impact of price policy formed by the Government of India.
Methods: The period of the analysis is from 1999 to 2019 (20 years) and the data sources consulted are Cost of cultivation and Farm Harvest price from Directorate of economics and statistics, Minimum support price from Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices (CACP) and Awareness report of farmers by Questioner based survey. Compound annual growth rate and percentage analysis are used as a statistical tool for this research. To access the impact, Tamil Nadu has been taken as the model state with two model crops Paddy and Cotton and its comparative analysis is done with reference states Punjab and Maharashtra for Cost of Cultivation components and Profitability.
Findings: The finding of this research unravels that Wheat, Groundnut and Cotton are getting supported largely due to MSP policy, Paddy and Black gram are barely supportive as there is cutthroat competition between MSP and the Cost of Cultivation and sugarcane is not supported by MSP policy. The comparative and profitability analysis unravels how labour cost is the major cost in Tamil Nadu and paddy is profitable whereas cotton is not.
Novelty: Therefore, this research depicts that MSP has been supporting the farming community on the policy end. But it’s not working as a fundamental supporting system for the majority of farmers as it’s not exercised by majority of farmers due to low awareness and inefficiency of the system.
Antibacterial Screening of Leaves Extracts of Annona muricata (Annonaceae) and Jatropha tanjorensis (Euphorbiaceae) against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Ewa-Udu N. E. , Nwanebu F. C. , Stanley H. O. , Okereke I. W. 
Published: November 2022

The crude extracts of Annona muricata and Jatropha tanjorensis leaves were investigated with the aim of determining the antibacterial activity, qualitative and quantitative properties, the best solvent used for extraction, the most active ingredients and the organism that is most susceptible to them. Ethanol, petroleum ether and water (warm) were used as solvents. Agar well diffusion method was used for the susceptibility testing of extracts against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with ciprofloxacine as positive control and sterile water as negative control. Ethanol and petroleum ether extracts of the plant, either alone or in combination, showed activities against test organisms. P. aeruginosa was more susceptible to ethanolic extract of A. muricata extract with 11.33±0.33 mm zone of inhibition while E. coli was the least susceptible with 9.83 mm. E. coli was more susceptible to ethanolic extract of J. tanjorensis with 10.0±0.00 mm zone of inhibition while P. aeruginosa was the least susceptible with 9.0±0.0 mm diameter. Using petroleum ether, E. coli was the most susceptible to A. muricata extract with 7.33±0.33 while S. aureus was the least susceptible with 7.00±0.58 mm diameter. For J. tanjorensis petroleum ether extract, E. coli was the least susceptible with 7.33.0±0.33 mm zone of inhibition while S. aureus was the most susceptible with 8.0±0.0.58 mm diameter. The combination of petroleum ether extracts of both plants gave zones of inhibition of 7.67±0.67 mm and 8.33±0.67 mm for E. coli and S. aureus respectively. The combination of ethanolic extracts of both plants gave zones of inhibition of 14.33±0.67 mm, 12.60±0.6 mm and 7.67±0.33 mm E. coli, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa respectively, which suggest a synergistic effect. The minimal inhibitory concentration of the extracts against test organisms ranged between 25 mg/mL and 100 mg/mL while the minimal bactericidal concentration ranged between 50 mg/mL and 100 mg/mL. This study reveals that the ethanol and petroleum ether extracts of A. muricata and J. tanjorensis have antibacterial effect on E. coli, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa.
An update on recently approved long-acting injectable second-generation antipsychotics: Knowns and unknowns regarding their use
Authors: VandenBerg Amy M. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
There are now 9 available FDA-approved second-generation long-acting injectable antipsychotics including aripiprazole (3), olanzapine (1), paliperidone (3), and risperidone (2). These high-cost medications are commonly used with the goal of improving adherence and patient outcomes. With almost 2 decades of use, key aspects have been well studied, including population pharmacokinetics, CYP interactions and various clinical and economic outcomes. However, there are still unknowns with these medications. Issues including adherence, transition from oral antipsychotics, renal dosing, pharmacogenomics, and managing missed doses will be addressed in the context of 4 patient cases.
Fracture Risk Among Older Cancer Survivors Compared With Older Adults Without a History of Cancer
Authors: Rees-Punia Erika , Newton Christina C. , Parsons Helen M. , Leach Corinne R. , Diver W. Ryan , Grant Amber C. , Masters Matthew , Patel Alpa V. , Teras Lauren R. 
Published: November 2022

ImportanceThe number of cancer survivors living in the US is projected to be 26.1 million by 2040. Cancer survivors may be at increased risk of bone fractures, but research is limited in several important ways.ObjectiveTo investigate the associations of cancer diagnoses, including time since diagnosis and stage at diagnosis, with risks of pelvic, radial, and vertebral fractures (separately and combined) among older cancer survivors and compared with fracture risk among older adults without a history of cancer. Secondarily, to examine differences in risk of fracture stratified by modifiable behaviors, treatment, and cancer type.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis longitudinal cohort study used data from 92 431 older adults in the US Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort linked with 1999 to 2017 Medicare claims. Data were analyzed from July 15, 2021, to May 3, 2022.ExposuresCancer history, time since cancer diagnosis, and stage at cancer diagnosis.Main Outcomes and MeasuresHazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for the risk of pelvic, radial, vertebral, and total frailty-related fractures were estimated using multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression. Stratification was used for secondary aims.ResultsAmong 92 431 participants (mean [SD] age, was 69.4 [6.0] years, 51 820 [56%] women, and 90 458 [97.9%] White], 12 943 participants experienced a frailty-related bone fracture. Compared with participants without a history of cancer, cancer survivors who were diagnosed 1 to less than 5 years earlier with advanced stage cancer had higher risk of fracture (HR, 2.12; 95% CI, 1.75-2.58). The higher fracture risk in cancer survivors with recent advanced stage diagnosis (vs no cancer) was driven largely by vertebral (HR, 2.46; 95% CI, 1.93-3.13) and pelvic (HR, 2.46; 95% CI, 1.84-3.29) fracture sites. Compared with cancer survivors who did not receive chemotherapy, survivors who received chemotherapy were more likely to have a fracture; this association was stronger within 5 years of diagnosis (HR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.09-1.57) than 5 or more years after diagnosis (HR, 1.22; 95% CI, 0.99-1.51). Although the HR for risk of fracture was lower among physically active cancer survivors 5 or more years after diagnosis (HR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.54-1.07), this result was not statistically significant, whereas current smoking was significantly associated with higher risk of fracture (HR, 2.27; 95% CI, 1.55-3.33).Conclusions and RelevanceFindings from this cohort study suggest that older adults with a history of cancer may benefit from clinical guidance on prevention of frailty-related fractures. If study findings are replicated, fracture prevention programs for survivors might include referrals for physical activity with cancer exercise professionals and smoking cessation programs.
A Photo‐Responsive Hollow Manganese/Carbon Hybrid Nanosphere for Wound Disinfection and Healing
Authors: Lu Mingzhu , Li Shanshan , Xiong Xiaolu , Huang Zhijun , Xu Bolong , Liu Yunhang , Wu Qingyuan , Wu Nier , Liu Huiyu , Zhou Dongsheng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe emergence of multi‐drug resistant (MDR) bacteria poses a serious threat to human health. It has become imperative to develop efficient antimicrobial strategies. Here, a manganese‐doped dopamine‐derived hollow carbon sphere (MnOx/HNCS) is developed as a nanozyme and photothermal agent for the synergistic treatment of MDR bacterial infections. MnOx/HNCS possesses oxidase, superoxide dismutase, and peroxidase like activities and implements self‐cascading enzymatic catalysis to produce superoxide anion (O2•−), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals (•OH). Importantly, near‐infrared light facilitates the electron transport of MnOx/HNCS, allowing it to exhibit stable photothermal effects and photo‐enhanced enzymatic activity. Thereby MnOx/HNCS displays a broad‐spectrum synergistic antibacterial efficiency in vitro against six MDR pathogens based on the above photo‐regulated properties. In vivo experiments further demonstrate the excellent antibacterial efficiency of MnOx/HNCS in the MDR bacteria‐infected wound model. Notably, MnOx/HNCS not only has excellent disinfection capacity, but also can accelerate wound healing by stimulating the deposition of the extracellular matrix and reepithelialization. This study proposes a promising antibiotics‐alternative broad‐spectrum antibacterial strategy and paves a new avenue for the establishment of multifunctional photo‐responsive synergistic therapeutic platform.
Complementary and Synergistic Design of Bi‐Layered Double Hydroxides Modified Magnesium Alloy toward Multifunctional Orthopedic Implants
Authors: Zhang Dongdong , Li Mei , Xu Ru , Xie Juning , Zhang Yu , Qian Shi , Qiao Yuqin , Peng Feng , Liu Xuanyong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMagnesium (Mg)‐based alloys have been regarded as promising implants for future clinic orthopedics, however, how to endow them with good anti‐corrosion and biofunctions still remains a great challenge, especially for complicated bone diseases. Herein, three transition metals (M = Mn, Fe, and Co)‐containing layered double hydroxides (LDH) (LDH‐Mn, LDH‐Fe, and LDH‐Co) with similar M content are prepared on Mg alloy via a novel two‐step method, then systematic characterizations and comparisons are conducted in detail. Results showed that LDH‐Mn exhibited the best corrosion resistance, LDH‐Mn and LDH‐Co possessed excellent photothermal and enzymatic activities, LDH‐Fe revealed better cytocompatibility and antibacterial properties, while LDH‐Co demonstrated high cytotoxicity. Based on these results, an optimized bilayer LDH coating enriched with Fe and Mn (LDH‐MnFe) from top to bottom have been designed for further in vitro and in vivo analysis. The top Fe‐riched layer provided biocompatibility and antibacterial properties, while the bottom Mn‐riced layer provided excellent anti‐corrosion, photothermal and enzymatic effects. In addition, the released Mg, Fe, and Mn ions have a positive influence on angiogenesis and osteogenesis. Thus, the LDH‐MnFe showed complementary and synergistic effects on anti‐corrosion and multibiofunctions (antibacteria, antitumor, and osteogenesis). The present work offers a novel multifunctional Mg‐based implant for treating bone diseases.
Enhancement of Gene Editing and Base Editing with Therapeutic Ribonucleoproteins through In Vivo Delivery Based on Absorptive Silica Nanoconstruct
Authors: Kim Seongchan , Jeong You Kyeong , Cho Chang Sik , Lee SeokHoon , Sohn Chang Ho , Kim Jeong Hun , Jeong Youngdo , Jo Dong Hyun , Bae Sangsu , Lee Hyojin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractKey to the widespread and secure application of genome editing tools is the safe and effective delivery of multiple components of ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) into single cells, which remains a biological barrier to their clinical application. To overcome this issue, a robust RNP delivery platform based on a biocompatible sponge‐like silica nanoconstruct (SN) for storing and directly delivering therapeutic RNPs, including Cas9 nuclease RNP (Cas9‐RNP) and base editor RNP (BE‐RNP) is designed. Compared with commercialized material such as lipid‐based methods, up to 50‐fold gene deletion and 10‐fold base substitution efficiency is obtained with a low off‐target efficiency by targeting various cells and genes. In particular, gene correction is successfully induced by SN‐based delivery through intravenous injection in an in vivo solid‐tumor model and through subretinal injection in mouse eye. Moreover, because of its low toxicity and high biodegradability, SN has negligible effect on cellular function of organs. As the engineered SN can overcome practical challenges associated with therapeutic RNP application, it is strongly expected this platform to be a modular RNPs delivery system, facilitating in vivo gene deletion and editing.
The effect of race and co‐morbidities on Alzheimer's disease based on Medicare data
Authors: Steenland Kyle , Tan Youran , Wingo Thomas , Shi Liuhua , Xiao Siyao , Wharton Whitney 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionAlzheimer's disease (AD) incidence is thought to be higher among Black than White individuals.MethodsWe studied the US Medicare population from 2000 to 2018. Cox regression was used to determine the roles of race and co‐morbidities for AD incidence.ResultsWe studied 11,880,906 Medicare beneficiaries, with 774,548 AD cases. Hazard ratios (HRs) by increasing numbers of co‐morbidities (1–7) were 1.51, 2.00, 2.55, 3.16, 2.89, 4.77, and 5.65. Among those with no co‐morbidities, Black individuals had a lower rate than those who are White (HR = 0.69), while among those with one more co‐morbidities, Black individuals had a higher rate (HR = 1.19). The presence of hypertension increased AD rates by 14% for White individuals, but 69% for those who are Black.DiscussionMore co‐morbidities was strongly associated with higher AD rates. The higher rates for Black versus White individuals was apparent only for those with co‐morbidities and appears driven both by more co‐morbidities, and the greater effect of hypertension.HighlightsBlack individuals have been shown to have higher Alzheimer's disease (AD) rates than those who are White.Some co‐morbidities are known to increase AD risk.Among those In Medicare data with no co‐morbidities, Black individuals have less risk than those who are White.Among those with co‐morbidities, Black individuals have higher rates than those who are White.Hypertension results in a much stronger increase in AD risk for Black versus White individuals.
Electrostatic Filtering of Polypeptides Through Membrane Protein Pores
Authors: Vikraman Devika , Krishnan R. Smrithi , Satheesan Remya , Das Anjali Devi , Mahendran Kozhinjampara R. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNaturally‐occurring membrane proteins have been engineered as nanopore sensors for the single‐molecule detection of various biochemical molecules. Here, we present a natural bacterial porin, CymA containing a dynamic component and densely packed charged residues in the pore, shaping a unique structural conformation and charge feature. Using single‐channel recordings, we investigated the translocation of charged polypeptides through native CymA and truncated CymA lacking the dynamic element. Cationic polypeptides bind to the pore with high affinity, specifically at low salt conditions indicating an electrostatic charge and voltage‐dependent translocation. Anionic peptides did not bind to the pore, confirming the selective binding of polypeptides with the pore due to their specific charge distribution. Further, the distinct peptide translocation kinetics between native and truncated indicated the role of the dynamic segment in molecular transport. We suggest that these natural membrane pores that permit the selective translocation of cationic polypeptides are advantageous for nanopore proteomics applications.
High‐throughput immunoaffinity enrichment and N‐glycan analysis of human plasma haptoglobin
Authors: Šimunović Jelena , Gašperšič Jernej , Černigoj Urh , Vidič Jana , Štrancar Aleš , Novokmet Mislav , Razdorov Genadij , Pezer Marija , Lauc Gordan , Trbojević‐Akmačić Irena 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHaptoglobin (Hp) is a positive acute phase protein, synthesized in the liver, with four N‐glycosylation sites carrying mainly complex type N‐glycans. Its glycosylation is altered in different types of diseases but still has not been extensively studied mainly due to analytical challenges, especially the lack of a fast, efficient, and robust high‐throughput Hp isolation procedure. Here, we describe the development of a high‐throughput method for Hp enrichment from human plasma, based on monolithic chromatographic support in immunoaffinity mode and downstream Hp N‐glycome analysis by hydrophilic interaction ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography with fluorescent detection (HILIC–UHPLC–FLR). Chromatographic monolithic supports in a 96‐well format enable fast, efficient, and robust Hp enrichment directly from diluted plasma samples. The N‐glycome analysis demonstrated that a degree of Hp deglycosylation differs depending on the conditions used for N‐glycan release and on the specific glycosylation site, with Asn 241 being the most resistant to deglycosylation under tested conditions. HILIC–UHPLC–FLR analysis enables robust quantification of 28 individual chromatographic peaks, in which N‐glycan compositions were determined by UHPLC coupled to electrospray ionization quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry. The developed analytical approach enables fast evaluation of total Hp N‐glycosylation and is applicable in large‐scale studies.
The case for flexibility in online science courses: Strategies and caveats
Authors: Nunes Krystal , Laliberté Nicole , Rawle Fiona 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic created an unpredictable and stressful situation for both students and instructors. With current instruction largely occurring in an online environment, we propose that increased flexibility in course structure will best support student learning. Flexible course structure offers a trauma‐aware approach to teaching, is in line with the Universal Design for Learning, and increases student motivation and meaningful learning. It can also provide more authentic experiences akin to science‐based careers. We provide several specific suggestions for incorporating flexibility in one's class, as well as outline considerations and caveats. Our hope is that flexibility necessitated by the COVID‐19 pandemic will continue to inspire change in future course design and educational paradigms.