bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatially Resolved X-Ray Study of Supernova Remnant G306.3–0.9 with Unusually High Calcium Abundance
Authors: Weng Jianbin , Zhou Ping , Chen Yang , Leung Shing-Chi , Toonen Silvia , Perets Hagai B. , Nomoto Ken’ichi , Zenati Yossef , Vink Jacco 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
G306.3–0.9 is an asymmetric Galactic supernova remnant (SNR), whose progenitor has been thought to be a Type Ia supernova (SN), but its high Ca abundance appears inconsistent with the Type Ia origin. Hoping to uncover the reason for its asymmetry and the origin of this SNR, we performed a spatially resolved X-ray spectroscopic analysis of XMM-Newton and Chandra observation data. We divided the SNR into 13 regions and analyzed the spectra using two-temperature models (0.2 keV + 1 keV). Compared to the southwestern regions, the northeastern regions have higher metal abundances and a lower gas density. This suggests that the asymmetric morphology results from the nonuniform ambient environment. We found that neither Type Ia nor core-collapse SN models can account for the abnormally high abundance ratios of Ar/Si, Ca/Si, or the shape of the abundance curve. A comparison with the Ca-rich transient models suggests that G306.3–0.9 is likely to be the first identified Galactic Ca-rich transient remnant, although the theoretical production of element S is lower. We also note that the conclusion for the SNR’s origin relies on the measured abundance ratios and existing nucleosynthesis models. Between two groups of Ca-rich transient explosion models, we prefer the He shell detonation for an accreting white dwarf, rather than the merger of a white dwarf and a neutron star.
Angular Momentum Distributions for Observed and Modeled Exoplanetary Systems
Authors: Jiang Jonathan H. , Burn Remo , Ji Xuan , Fahy Kristen A. , Eggenberger Patrick 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The distribution of angular momentum of planets and their host stars provides important information on the formation and evolution of the planetary system. However, mysteries still remain, partly due to bias and uncertainty of the current observational data sets and partly due to the fact that theoretical models for the formation and evolution of planetary systems are still underdeveloped. In this study, we calculate the spin angular momentum of host stars and the orbital angular momentum of their planets using data from the NASA Exoplanet Archive along with detailed analysis of observation dependent biases and uncertainty ranges. We also analyze the angular momentum of the planetary system as a function of star age to understand their variation in different evolutionary stages. In addition, we use a population of planets from theoretical model simulations to reexamine the observed patterns and compare the simulated population with the observed samples to assess variations and differences. We found the majority of exoplanets discovered thus far do not have the angular momentum distribution similar to that of planets in our solar system, though this could be due to the observation bias. When filtered by the observational biases, the model simulated angular momentum distributions are comparable to the observed pattern in general. However, the differences between the observation and model simulation in the parameter (angular momentum) space provide more rigorous constraints and insights on the issues that needed future improvement.
Structure of the Source I Disk in Orion-KL
Authors: Wright Melvyn , Bally John , Hirota Tomoya , Miller Kyle , Harding Tyler , Colleluori Keira , Ginsburg Adam , Goddi Ciriaco , McGuire Brett 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This paper analyses images from 43 to 340 GHz to trace the structure of the Source I (SrcI) disk in Orion-KL with ∼12 au resolution. The data reveal an almost edge-on disk with an outside diameter ∼100 au, which is heated from the inside. The high opacity at 220–340 GHz hides the internal structure and presents a surface temperature ∼500 K. Images at 43, 86 and 99 GHz reveal structure within the disk. At 43 GHz there is bright compact emission with brightness temperature ∼1300 K. Another feature, most prominent at 99 GHz, is a warped ridge of emission. The data can be explained by a simple model with a hot inner structure, seen through cooler material. A wide-angle outflow mapped in SiO emission ablates material from the interior of the disk, and extends in a bipolar outflow over 1000 au along the rotation axis of the disk. SiO v = 0, J = 5–4 emission appears to have a localized footprint in the warped ridge. These observations suggest that the ridge is the working surface of the disk, and heated by accretion and the outflow. The disk structure may be evolving, with multiple accretion and outflow events. We discuss two sources of variability: (1) variable accretion onto the disk as SrcI travels through the filamentary debris from the Becklin–Neugebauer Object-SrcI encounter ∼550 yr ago; and (2) episodic accretion from the disk onto the protostar, which may trigger multiple outflows. The warped inner-disk structure is direct evidence that SrcI could be a binary experiencing episodic accretion.
A Broadband Solar Radio Dynamic Spectrometer Working in the Millimeter-wave Band
Authors: Shang ZiQian , Xu Ke , Liu Yang , Wu Zhao , Lu Guang , Zhang YuanYuan , Zhang Lei , Su YanRui , Chen Yao , Yan FaBao 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Most solar radio telescopes operate below ∼18 GHz and cannot realize a complete frequency coverage of the microwave spectrum, especially in the optically thin regime during solar bursts, which can provide unique information about the magnetic field in the burst area in the solar corona. Therefore, the development of high-frequency microwave observation equipment is demanded by the solar radio community. In this paper, we present a microwave spectrum observation system operating at 35–40 GHz. In this system, the solar radio signal is acquired by an 80 cm Cassegrain circularly polarized antenna, which is then downconverted and channelized by a 35–40 GHz analog front end. The processed signal is finally sent to the digital receiver to generate the microwave dynamic spectrum, which is transmitted by gigabit Ethernet transmission to a host computer. The system performance has been tested and obtained as follows: a noise figure of ∼300 K, system linearity of >0.9999, time resolution of about 134 ms (default), and frequency resolution of 153 kHz. We further conduct calibration for this system and find that the observed Sun–Moon ratio is about 43.1–53.3 @ 35.25 GHz during the new Moon, and is quite close to the theoretical value. The coefficient of variation of the system is ∼0.61% in a 9 hr test. The system has been designed, developed, and tested for over 1 yr in Chashan Solar Observatory and is expected to play an important role in the microwave burst study in the 25th solar cycle.
Follow-up Observations of the Prolonged, Super-Eddington, Tidal Disruption Event Candidate 3XMM J150052.0+015452: the Slow Decline Continues
Authors: Lin Dacheng , Godet Olivier , Webb Natalie A. , Barret Didier , Irwin Jimmy A. , Komossa S. , Ramirez-Ruiz Enrico , Maksym W. Peter , Grupe Dirk , Carrasco Eleazar R. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The X-ray source 3XMM J150052.0+015452 was discovered as a spectacular tidal disruption event candidate during a prolonged (>11 yr) outburst. It exhibited unique quasi-soft X-ray spectra of characteristic temperature kT ∼ 0.3 keV for several years at the peak, but in a recent Chandra observation (10 yr into the outburst) a super-soft X-ray spectrum of kT ∼ 0.15 keV was detected. Such dramatic spectral softening could signal the transition from the super-Eddington to thermal state or the temporary presence of a warm absorber. Here we report on our study of four new XMM-Newton follow-up observations of the source. We found that they all showed super-soft spectra, suggesting that the source had remained super-soft for >5 yr. Then its spectral change is best explained as due to the super-Eddington to thermal spectral state transition. The fits to the thermal-state spectra suggested a smaller absorption toward the source than that obtained in Lin et al. This led us to update the modeling of the event as due to the disruption of a 0.75 M
⊙ star by a massive black hole of a few × 105
M
⊙. We also obtained two HST images in the F606W and F814W filters and found that the dwarf star-forming host galaxy can be resolved into a dominant disk and a smaller bulge. No central point source was clearly seen in either filter, ruling out strong optical emission associated with the X-ray activity.
Bursting Bubbles: Clustered Supernova Feedback in Local and High-redshift Galaxies
Authors: Orr Matthew E. , Fielding Drummond B. , Hayward Christopher C. , Burkhart Blakesley 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We compare an analytic model for the evolution of supernova-driven superbubbles with observations of local and high-redshift galaxies, and the properties of intact H i shells in local star-forming galaxies. Our model correctly predicts the presence of superwinds in local star-forming galaxies (e.g., NGC 253) and the ubiquity of outflows near z ∼ 2. We find that high-redshift galaxies may “capture” 20%–50% of their feedback momentum in the dense ISM (with the remainder escaping into the nearby CGM), whereas local galaxies may contain ≲10% of their feedback momentum from the central starburst. Using azimuthally averaged galaxy properties, we predict that most superbubbles stall and fragment within the ISM, and that this occurs at, or near, the gas scale height. We find a consistent interpretation in the observed H i bubble radii and velocities, and predict that most will fragment within the ISM, and that those able to break out originate from short dynamical time regions (where the dynamical time is shorter than feedback timescales). Additionally, we demonstrate that models with constant star cluster formation efficiency per Toomre mass are inconsistent with the occurrence of outflows from high-z starbursts and local circumnuclear regions.
Estimation of the Number of Stellar Encounters on a Cross-sectional Area containing a Planetary Disk in Birth Clusters of Stars
Authors: Jiménez-Torres Juan J. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In this work, I estimate the number of close stellar encounters on a specific cross-sectional area that may contain a planetary disk in a crowded star formation cluster. The approximation employs Monte Carlo runs to estimate the most likely value of the number of encounters as a function of stellar densities from 1.6 × 105 to 6.2 × 105 pc−3, velocity dispersions from 0.7 to 1.5 km s−1, and the lifetime of a typical star formation environment. I found that the most likely number of encounters on cross-sectional areas with a radius of 400 au goes from one to three. Although, four encounters are also likely to happen. This means that multiple strong stellar could happen on planetary disks in the early epoch of the star formation clusters.
Reduction of nosocomial infections in the intensive care unit using an electronic hand hygiene compliance monitoring system
Authors: Akkoc Gulsen , Soysal Ahmet , Gul Fethi , Kepenekli Kadayifci Eda , Arslantas Mustafa Kemal , Yakut Nurhayat , Bilgili Beliz , Ocal Demir Sevliya , Haliloglu Murat , Kasapoglu Umut , Cinel Ismail 
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Healthcare-associated infection is an important cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Well-regulated infection control and hand hygiene are the most effective methods for preventing healthcare-associated infections. This study evaluated and compared conventional hand hygiene observation and an electronic hand-hygiene recording and reminder system for preventing healthcare-associated infections.
Methodology: This pre- and post-intervention study, employed an electronic hand-hygiene recording and reminder system for preventing healthcare-associated infections at a tertiary referral center. Healthcare-associated infection surveillance was recorded in an anesthesia and reanimation intensive care unit from April 2016 to August 2016. Hand-hygiene compliance was observed by conventional observation and an electronic recording and reminder system in two consecutive 2-month periods. healthcare-associated infections were calculated as incidence rate ratios.
Results: The rate of healthcare-associated infections in the electronic hand- hygiene recording and reminder system period was significantly decreased compared with that in the conventional hand-hygiene observation period (incidence rate ratio = 0.58; 95% confident interval = 0.33-0.98). Additionally, the rate of central line-associated bloodstream infections and the rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia were lower during the electronic hand hygiene recording and reminder system period (incidence rate ratio= 0.41; 95% confident interval = 0.11-1.30 and incidence rate ratio = 0.67; 95% confident interval = 0.30-1.45, respectively).
Conclusions: After implementing the electronic hand hygiene recording and reminder system, we observed a significant decrease in healthcare-associated infections and invasive device-associated infections. These results were encouraging and suggested that electronic hand hygiene reminder and recording systems may reduce some types of healthcare-associated infections in healthcare settings.
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a Turkish hospital: characterization of clonal types and antibiotic susceptibility
Authors: Güngör Serdar , Karagöz Alper , Koçak Nadir , Arslantaş Tutku 
Published: January 2022

Introduction: The assessment of the clonal spread of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in nosocomial and community-acquired infections through characterization of the isolates is critical for tracking the evolution of the epidemics, implementing effective control measures, and preventing future outbreaks of MRSA. In this context, it is aimed with this study to determine the clonal relationships between the S. aureus isolates obtained from the patients receiving treatment in the intensive-care units of a state hospital in Turkey.
Methodology: A total of 80 MRSA isolates obtained from the patients receiving treatment in three different intensive-care units were analyzed for their antibiotic susceptibilities, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiles, and multilocus sequence types.
Results: The dendrogram of the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiles revealed two major pulsed-field gel electrophoresis pulsotypes: A and B, which were further divided into two (A1 and A2) and four (B1-B4) subgroups, respectively. Multilocus sequence typeanalysis indicated that all isolates belonged to a single MRSA clone, sequence type 239. No significant difference was found between the antibiotic sensitivity profiles of strains isolated from different intensive-care units. All of the strains were sensitive to linezolid and vancomycin.
Conclusions: It was concluded that the MRSA strains isolated from the patients receiving treatment at the intensive-care units of the hospital constituted two major pulse-field types and belonged to the ST239 lineage, one of the most extensively distributed MRSA lineages throughout the world.
COVID-19 in Malaysia: exposure assessment and prevention practices among healthcare workers at a teaching hospital
Authors: Muhammad Azami Nor Azila , Abdul Murad Nor Azian , Mohammed Nawi Azmawati , Salleh Sharifah Azura , Periyasamy Petrick , Kori Najma , Hasan Mohd Rohaizat , Ahmad Norfazilah , Sulong Anita , Othman Hanita , Mohd Don Tuti Ningseh , Ab Mutalib Nurul Syakima , Mohamad Hanif Ezanee Azlina , Sulaiman Siti Aishah , Zulkiflee Nurul Syeefa' , Abdul Kader Abdul Rashid , Abdul Gafor Abdul Halim , Rashid Hanafiah Haruna , Jamal Rahman 
Published: January 2022

Introduction: During the second wave of the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic, Malaysia reported several COVID-19 clusters related to healthcare workers. Thus, addressing and understanding the risk of exposure in healthcare workers is important to prevent future infection and reduce secondary COVID-19 transmission within the healthcare settings. In this study, we aim to assess exposure and prevention practices against COVID-19 among healthcare workers at the Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz, a university teaching hospital based in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Methodology: A total of 571 healthcare workers at COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 wards as well as the emergency department and laboratory staff at COVID-19 testing labs were recruited. The presence of novel human coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and IgM/IgG antibodies were confirmed in all healthcare workers. The healthcare workers responded to an online Google Forms questionnaire that evaluates demographic information and comorbidities, exposure and adherence to infection prevention and control measures against COVID-19. Descriptive analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 24.0.
Results: Three healthcare workers (0.5%) tested positive for SAR-CoV-2, while the remaining 568 (99.5%) were negative. All were negative for IgM and IgG antibodies during recruitment (day 1) and follow-up (day 15). More than 90% of the healthcare workers followed infection prevention and control practices recommendations regardless of whether they have been exposed to occupational risk for COVID-19.
Conclusions: The healthcare workers’ high level of adherence to infection prevention practices at this hospital helped reduce and minimize their occupational exposure to COVID-19.
Machine Learning Models to Predict Students’ Study Path Selection
Authors: Dirin Amir , Saballe Charlese Adriana 
Published: January 2022

Selecting a proper study path in higher education is a difficult task for many students. They either have a lack of knowledge on the study path offered or are unsure of their interest in the various options. The current educational setups enable us to collect valid and reliable data on student success and learning behaviour. This study explores and solves the problem of what path to select by proposing possible study paths with the help of machine learning algorithms. Learning analytics (LA) and educational data mining (EDM) are technologies that aid in the analysis of educational data. In this quantitative study, we applied a questionnaire to collect data from students at the Business Information Technology Department (Bite) at the Haaga-Helia University of Applied Science. We managed to collect 101 samples from students during 2017–2018. We used various machine learning algorithms and prediction models to assess the best approach for study path selection. We applied three performance scores of accuracy, Cohen’s Kappa, and ROC curve to measure the accuracy of the algorithm results. KNIME analytics was selected as a proper tool to pre-process, prepare, analyse, and model the data. The results indicate that Random Forest (94% accuracy) and Decision Tree (93% accuracy) are the best classification models for students’ study path selection. The contribution of this study is for educational data mining research to assess the comparison of various algorithms. Furthermore, this is a novel approach to predict students’ study path selection, which educational institutes should develop to assist students in their study path selection.
Core Competency–Related Professional Behaviors During Patient Encounters: A Report From the Association for Athletic Training Education Research Network
Authors: Welch Bacon Cailee E. , Cavallario Julie M. , Walker Stacy E. , Bay R. Curtis , Van Lunen Bonnie L. 
Published: January 2022

Context
To enhance the quality of patient care, it is important that athletic trainers integrate the components of the core competencies (CCs; evidence-based practice [EBP], patient-centered care [PCC], health information technology [HIT], interprofessional education and collaborative practice [IPECP], quality improvement [QI], professionalism) as a part of routine clinical practice. In what ways, if any, athletic training students (ATSs) are currently integrating CCs into patient encounters (PEs) during clinical experiences is unclear.

Objective
To describe which professional behaviors associated with the CCs were implemented by ATSs during PEs that occurred during clinical experiences.

Design
Multisite panel design.

Setting
A total of 12 professional athletic training programs (5 bachelor's, 7 master's level).

Patients or Other Participants
A total of 363 ATSs from the athletic training programs that used E*Value software to document PEs during clinical experiences participated.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
During each PE, ATSs were asked to report whether professional behaviors reflecting 5 of the CCs occurred (the professionalism CC was excluded). Summary statistics, including means ± SDs, counts, and percentages were tabulated for the professional behaviors of each CC.

Results
Data from 30 630 PEs were collected during the study period. Professional behaviors related to EBP were the most frequently incorporated during PEs (74.3%, n = 22 773), followed by QI (72.3%, n = 22 147), PCC (56.6%, n = 17 326), HIT (35.4%, n = 10 857), and IPECP (18.4%, n = 5627).

Conclusions
It is unsurprising that EBP and PCC behaviors were 2 of the most frequently incorporated CCs during PEs due to the emphasis on these competencies during the past several years. However, it is surprising that ATSs did not incorporate behaviors related to either HIT (in 65% of PEs) or IPECP (in 82% of PEs). These findings suggest that directed efforts are needed to ensure that ATSs are provided opportunities to incorporate professional behaviors related to the CCs during clinical experiences.
A note on spaces of almost periodic functions with values in Banach spaces
Authors: Sepulcre Juan Matías , Vidal Tomás 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we consider an equivalence relation on the space
$AP(\mathbb {R},X)$
of almost periodic functions with values in a prefixed Banach space X. In this context, it is known that the normality or Bochner-type property, which characterizes these functions, is based on the relative compactness of the family of translates. Now, we prove that every equivalence class is sequentially compact and the family of translates of a function belonging to this subspace is dense in its own class, i.e., the condition of almost periodicity of a function
$f\in AP(\mathbb {R},X)$
yields that every sequence of translates of f has a subsequence that converges to a function equivalent to f. This extends previous work by the same authors on the case of numerical almost periodic functions.