bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advanced Maternal Age and Severe Maternal Morbidity in South Korea: a Population-based Cohort Study
Authors: Kim Juyeong , Nam Jin Young , Park Eun-Cheol 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Objective: We aimed to investigate the association between maternal age and severe maternal morbidity (SMM) in a Korean population.Methods: Data for cases of delivery between 2003 and 2018 were extracted from the Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Delivery Cohort. The main outcome was SMM, which was determined using the Center for Disease Control and Prevention’s algorithm. A generalized estimating equation model with a log link was performed for the relationship between SMM and maternal age-adjusted covariates.Results: SMM occurred in 40,959/2,113,615 (1.9%) of delivery cases. Teenagers and women 35 years and older had an increased risk of SMM in both nulliparous and multiparous cases (ages 15-19: adjusted risk ratio (RR) 1.32, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.15–1.46; ages 35-39: RR 1.24, 95% CI 1.21-1.28; ages 40-44: RR 1.57, 95% CI 1.50-1.64; and ages 45 or older: RR 2.07, 95% CI 1.75–2.44). Conclusion: Women aged 40 years and older had the highest rates of SMM. In singleton births as well as nulliparous and multiparous cases, teenagers and women ages 35 years and older had a particularly high risk of SMM. Identifying and managing risk factors for SMM in these vulnerable age groups may improve maternal health outcomes.
Disrupted rich club organization of white matter networks in de novo Parkinson's disease with REM sleep behavior disorder
Authors: Chen Amei , Li Yuting , Wang Zhaoxiu , Ruan Xiuhang , Cheng Xiaofang , Wang Ting , Liang Dan , Chen Dandan , Wei Xinhua 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Introduction: Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is common in Parkinson's disease (PD) but the pathophysiological mechanism is still unclear in PD with RBD. The purpose was to explore the alterations of white matter network topology in de novo PD, with or without RBD.Methods: In total, this study contained 153 de novo individuals with PD and 59 healthy controls recruited from the Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) database. In such patients, 56 were probable RBD (PD-pRBD) and 97 were non-probable RBD (PD-npRBD) according to the RBD screening questionnaire (RBDSQ). All the recruited members had diffusion tensor imaging and complete neuropsychological assessments. The structural network of brain and organization of rich club were constructed based on deterministic fiber tracking at the individual level.Results: Compared with PD-npRBD patients, the PD-pRBD patients showed diminished global efficiency and elevated shortest path length. It was found that both the PD-pRBD and PD-npRBD had common hubs including putamen, middle occipital gyrus, precuneus, besides, PD-pRBD mainly recruited additional hubs in the frontotemporal paralimbic regions. Furthermore, the PD-pRBD showed decreased rich-club connections in comparison to PD-npRBD. Additionally, the nodal shortest path length in the right superior frontal gyrus, orbital part (ORBsup.R) was positively correlated to RBDSQ scores in PD-pRBD patients(r=0.25, p=0.01).Conclusions: The results indicated the PD-pRBD patients showed disrupted topological organization of white matter in the whole-brain and rich-club connections which mainly located in frontotemporal paralimbic regions, thus partially helps to illustrate the pathological processes of RBD in PD patients.
A Symmetry-Based Length Model For Describing The Hypersonic Boundary Layer Transition On A Slender Cone At Moderate Incidence
Authors: Bi Weitao , Wei Zhou , Zheng Kexin , She Zhensu 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The hypersonic boundary layer (HBL) transition on a slender cone at moderate incidence has been studied via a symmetry-based length model: the SED-SL model. The SED-SL specifies an analytic stress length function (which defines the eddy viscosity) parameterizing a two-dimensional multi-regime structure characterizing the laminar-turbulence transition. Previous studies show accurate predictions by the SED-SL for airfoil flows at different subsonic Mach numbers, Reynolds numbers and angles of attack, especially for the drag coefficient achieving a small error of a few counts. Here, we report a successful extension for computing transitional flows on a 7° half-angle straight cone at Mach numbers 6 and 7 and angles of attack from 0° to 6°. It is shown that, by properly setting the multi-regime HBL structure with only three physical parameters (i.e. a transition center location, a turbulent HBL near-wall eddy length, and a transition width coefficient quantifying overshoot strength), the SED-SL is able to predict correctly the heat flux distribution on the whole cone surface, with great accuracy compared with wind tunnel data. The good predictions cover a range of flow parameters and persist in different instability mechanisms (which vary from the windward to the leeward sides of the cone). We conclude that a unified transition model is found for describing the transitional HBLs, with the potential to lead a new generation of turbulence model that is simultaneously of computation simplicity, sound physics and greater accuracy.
QTL mapping and identification of genes associated with the resistance to Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say) in cultivated common bean using a high-density genetic linkage map
Authors: Li Xiaoming , Tang Yongsheng , Wang Lanfen , Chang Yujie , Wu Jing , Wang Shumin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an important agricultural product with large nutritional value, and the insect pest Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say) seriously affects its product quality and commodity quality during storage. Few researches on genes of bruchid resistance have investigated in common bean cultivars.Results: In this study, a bruchid-resistant cultivar black kidney bean and a highly susceptible accession Longyundou3 from different gene banks were crossed to construct a segregated population. The genetic analysis indicated a quantitative inheritance of the bruchid resistance trait controlled by recessive polygenes. A high-density genetic map of a total map distance of 1,283.68 cM with an average interval of 0.61 cM between each marker was constructed using an F6 population of 157 recombinant inbred lines containing 2234769 SNP markers. Using the high-density genetic map, a new quantitative trait locus (QTL) for both the percentage of seeds damaged by Acanthoscelides obtectus and the number of perforations was identified on chromosome 6. This locus was further delimited to an interval of 122.3 kb between SSR marker I6-4 and I6-16 using an F2 population. This region comprised five genes. Phvul.006G003700, which encodes a bifunctional inhibitor, may be a potential candidate gene for bruchid resistance. Sequencing analysis of candidate gene identified an 5bp insertion-deletion site in promoter of gene Phvul.006G003700 between two parents. Expression analysis of candidate genes revealed that the expression level of Phvul.006G003700 in bruchid-resistant parent was markedly higher than that in bruchid-susceptible parent both in seeds and leaves. Conclusions: A high-density genetic map was constructed utilizing whole-genome resequencing and one new QTL for bruchid resistance was identified on chromosome 6 in common bean cultivar. Phvul.006G003700 (encoding a bifunctional inhibitor) may be a potential candidate gene. These results may form the basis for further research to reveal the bruchid resistance molecular mechanism of common bean.
Heated Tobacco Products (IQOS®) versus Conventional Cigarette Smoking: a comparison of 210Po and 210Pb content in the mainstream smoke
Authors: Froidevaux Pascal , Berthet Aurélie , Butty Audrey , Rossier Jérémie , Sadowski Isabelle Jacot 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
210Po is a radioactive component of conventional cigarette tobacco smoke and is a recognized carcinogen. Despite the expanding market of heated tobacco products, no data are available on the activity of 210Po in the smoke of IQOS Heets® cigarette. We determined the 210Po activity in the mainstream smoke of thirteen cigarette brands available on the Swiss market using a smoking machine and compared the results to the 210Po activity measured in the mainstream smoke of the IQOS® system. In addition, we measured the 210Po and 210Pb loss on heating after uniform heating from 50 to 600°C for several cigarette brands and the Heets® cigarettes. 13.6 ± 4.1% of 210Po activity was found in the mainstream smoke in conventional cigarette smoking (7% for 210Pb). This dropped to 1.8 ± 0.3% in the mainstream smoke of IQOS Heets®. Conversely, when the tobacco was heated uniformly at 330°C, a loss of 210Po of more than 80% was observed for all type of cigarettes. Apparently, IQOS® significantly reduced the 210Po and 210Pb activities in the mainstream smoke. However, our results show that only 15% of the Heets® tobacco reaches 330°C with IQOS®. While IQOS® reduces the 210Po and 210Pb activities in the mainstream smoke compared to conventional cigarettes, it only heats a marginal fraction of the tobacco present in the Heets® cigarette. Because smoking is an addiction (mostly due to nicotine), IQOS® could possibly deliver an unsatisfactory dose of nicotine to a Heets® cigarette smoker, as most of the tobacco is left unaltered.
Efficacy of native entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora for ecofriendly management banana leaf and fruit scarring beetle Nodostoma subcostatum (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
Authors: Borgohain Nibedita , Goswami Madhumita 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Banana leaf and fruit scarring beetle Nodostoma subcostatum (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is one of the major economic constrain for banana growers in Assam as this pest reduces the quality and market price of banana by producing scars on the peel of the banana. The application of chemical pesticides to banana fruit is not recommended due to their residual toxicity resulting in growing interest in biological control strategy for control of the pest. In, present study an effort was made to evaluate the efficacy of four different concentrations of native isolate of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora against banana leaf and fruit scarring beetle under laboratory condition in Assam. Each concentration was replicated ten times with five insect per replicate. For each concentration 3rd stage infective juveniles of H. bacteriophora were sprayed on insect pest for 20s at 1 atm pressure and pure water used as control. The observations for mortality of the insects were recorded at 24h, 48h and 72h of inoculation and reisolation of nematodes from the dead insects were done by using White trap method till 15th days. The highest mortality rate of banana leaf and fruit scarring beetle was recorded as 100% followed by 86% and 74% after 72 h of exposure. LD50 values for H. bacteriophora, was found as follow 296.7 IJs/ml (95% CL 174.0-506.0), 126.5 IJs/ml (95% CL 94.8-168.9) and 55.6 IJs/ml (95% CL 36.0-86.0) at 24, 48 and 72 h of exposure, respectively. Present finding determined the promising effect of native H. bacteriophora against the banana leaf and fruit scarring beetle and also providing an opportunity to incorporate them in Integrated Pest Management System (IPM) and thereby reducing the risk of pesticide residue on banana fruits.
Ethnic Differences on Long Term Outcomes of Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy after Predominantly Bevacizumab Monotherapy.
Authors: Yap Aaron , Wang Nancy , Squirrell David 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: A 3-year single-centre, retrospective, comparative, non-randomized cohort study to describe the long-term outcomes of treatment-naïve, Caucasian and non-Caucasian eyes with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) after treatment with predominantly Bevacizumab monotherapy or in combination with rescue photodynamic therapy (PDT). Methods: Demographics, visual outcomes, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and treatment data were collected up to 3 years after the first visit. Stratified analysis according to ethnicity and baseline vision was performed to identify factors predictive of long-term visual improvement and maintenance. Results: A total of 89 eyes with PCV were identified, of which 14 received rescue verteporfin PDT. There was an equal distribution between Caucasian and non-Caucasian individuals. Non-Caucasians present at a younger age (75.4 vs 68.9 years, p=0.002), have a higher proportion of foveal involvement (52.1% vs 82.9%, p=0.003) and lower baseline visual acuity (62.9 vs. 52.7 letters, p=0.02). Mean visual acuity (VA) gain was + 8.8 letters and +5.0 letters at one and three years of follow up, respectively. Non-Caucasian individuals had a lower mean final VA compared to Caucasian individuals (54.7 vs. 70.5, respectively; P <0.001). The mean total number of injections given over three years was 14. Conclusions: Most patients treated with predominantly Bevacizumab anti-VEGF monotherapy achieved sustained visual acuity gains out to 3 years . Due to ethnic-specific differences in PCV phenotypes, non-Caucasians presented with lower baseline VA and had poorer long-term visual outcomes and may have benefited from early PDT or switch to alternative anti-VEGF agents.
Sulfonated and Ordered Mesoporous Polymers for Reversible Adsorption of Ammonia: Elucidation of Sequential Pore-Space Diffusion
Authors: Kan Xun , Liu Zhiqiang , Li Fangyao , Huang Kuan , Chen Wei , Yi Xianfeng , Jiang Lilong , Zheng Anmin , Liu Fujian , Xiao Feng-Shou 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
NH3 adsorption and separation are pivotal for its safety and efficient utilization, but most solid adsorbents show either low capacity or unsatisfied separation performance. Herein, we report sulfonated and ordered mesoporous polymers (SOMPs) synthesized from solvent-free manual-grinding of resorcinol and 1,4-phthalaldehyde with copolymer template, curing at 140~220°C, simultaneous sulfonation and template removal by treating with H2SO4. The prepared SOMPs possess ordered mesopores with abundant microporosity, large surface areas (~697 m2/g), and extremely-high –SO3H densities (~4.48 mmol/g). Their NH3 capacities are as high as 15.09 mmol/g (25°C, 1.0 bar), exhibiting NH3 breakthrough time and saturated capacity up to 138 min/g and 6.16 mmol/g, respectively (5.0v%NH3/23.75v%N2/71.25v%H2). Versatile characterizations together with molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate the superior NH3 adsorption performance originates from strong affinity of –SO3H group with NH3 in sequential pore-space of SOMPs, which not only enhances the molecular recognition ability, but also effectively promotes NH3 fast diffusion inside SOMPs.
To explore the influencing factors of amelogenesis imperfecta: the effect of melatonin on ALC cell line
Authors: Ji Fang , Pan Jing , Ren Qianhui , Yang Zhao , Guo Ying , Kwon Kubin , Shen Checheng , Wang Yueying 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Objective: Amelogenesis imperfecta is a common oral disease. In this study, ALC cells were cultured in vitro to study the factors affecting the growth and development of enamel to explore the influencing factors of amelogenesis imperfecta.Methods: The effects of melatonin on the proliferation and differentiation of ALC cells were detected by CCK8, qRT-PCR, and alizarin red staining, etc. RNA-seq and qRT-PCR were used to identify the differentially expressed genes in ALC cells after melatonin treatment. Then, we focused on observing the important factors of the signaling pathway.Results: Melatonin inhibited the proliferation of ALC cells in a dose-dependent manner and promoted the production of actin fibers. High concentration of melatonin significantly promoted the expression of enamel development related proteins and the formation of mineralized nodules. RNA-seq data showed that melatonin may induce transcriptional changes of Wnt signaling pathway in ALC cells.Conclusion: This study suggests that melatonin plays a regulatory role in the proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization of the enamel, which may be one of the causes of enamel hypoplasia. Moreover, the main factors of the Wnt signaling pathway may play an important role in the process of melatonin in the growth and development of ALC lines.
Statistical and simulation study on the separation in Junction Frequencies between ordinary (O) and extraordinary(X) wave in oblique ionograms
Authors: Sun FengJuan , Wan XianRong , Zhang HongBo , Zhou Bao , Ban PanPan , Cao HongYan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The most important aim in interpreting an oblique ionogram is to obtain the accurate Junction Frequencies (JFs) of the ordinary (O) and extraordinary(X) mode. This requires the correct identification of O- and X-mode traces, so it is very helpful and worthy to grasp the relative position between the two modes. In this paper, a statistical and simulation study of the separation in JFs between O- and X-wave is carried out based on observed oblique ionograms over three mid-latitude paths within China and a 3-D ray tracing program. The dependences on local time, season, geomagnetic activity, solar activity, direction and length of propagation, O-wave JF and group path are investigated. The main conclusions are as follows : (a) the separation on east-west path is susceptible on ionospheric variability, while the separation on north-south path does not show a significant correlation with local time and season;(b) a general diurnal tendency and a summer anomaly on east-west propagation are first proposed and discussed, the latter may be related to the effect of the lower layers; (c)the separation varies approximately as the cosine function of the propagation direction owning two maximums at north-south direction and two minimums at east-west direction in mid-latitude region of China; (d) the variation patterns of the separation with the propagation length are obviously not the same in different directions. For the east-west propagation path, the separation decreases to a minimum near ground range of 2000km and then increases very slowly with increasing ground range, while it monotonically increases for north-south propagation path.
The 21-Gene Recurrence Score in Clinically High Risk Lobular and Ductal Breast Cancer: A National Cancer Database Study
Authors: Abel Mary Kathryn , Shui Amy S , Chien A. Jo , Rugo Hope S. , Melisko Michelle , Baehner Frederick , Mukhtar Rita A. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate whether patients with ILC are more likely to have discordant clinical and genomic risk than those with IDC when using the 21-gene recurrence score (RS), and to assess overall survival outcomes of patients with 1-3 positive nodes and RS ≤ 25 with and without chemotherapy, stratified by histology.Methods: We performed a cohort study using the National Cancer Database and included patients with hormone receptor positive, HER2 negative, stage I-III invasive breast cancer who underwent 21-gene RS testing. Our primary outcome was rate of discordant clinical and genomic risk status by histologic subtype. Propensity score matching was used to compare 60-month overall survival in individuals with 1-3 positive nodes and RS £ 25 who did and did not receive chemotherapy.Results: 186,867 patients were included in our analysis, including 37,685 (20.2%) patients with ILC. There was a significantly higher rate of discordant clinical and genomic risk in patients with ILC compared to IDC. Among patients with 1-3 positive nodes and RS ≤ 25, there was no significant difference in survival between those who did and did not receive chemotherapy in the IDC or ILC cohorts. Unadjusted exploratory analyses of patients under age 50 with 1-3 positive nodes and RS ≤ 25 showed improved overall survival in IDC patients who received chemotherapy, but not among those with ILC.Conclusion: Our findings highlight the importance of lobular-specific tools for stratifying clinical and genomic risk, as well as the need for histologic subtype-specific analyses in randomized trials.
Modelling The Effects of Social Distancing, Antiviral Therapy, And Booster Shots On Mitigating Omicron Spread
Authors: Lee Jongmin , Mendoza Renier , Mendoza Victoria May P. , Ko Youngsuk , Lee Jacob , Seo Yubin , Jung Eunok 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We propose a COVID-19 mathematical model that considers Omicron and previous variants, booster shots, waning, breakthrough infections, and antiviral therapy. We quantify the effects of social distancing (SD) in the Republic of Korea by estimating the reduction in transmission µ induced by government policies from February 26, 2021 to January 16, 2022. The time-dependent µ has a value between 0 and 1, with 1 being the strictest SD. Simulations show that by February 28, 2022, 92% of infections are caused by Omicron. Strict SD (µ = 0.81) is necessary to reduce the number of cases. However, if the focus is shifted towards reducing the severe instead of daily cases, relaxed SD (µ = 0.66) is possible if the administered booster shots have at least 90% effectiveness. Furthermore, if the available antiviral pill is at least 89% effective against severe infections with Omicron, then a more relaxed SD (µ = 0.54) can be implemented.
Headache Following COVID-19 Vaccination Among Healthcare Employees With a History of COVID-19 Infection: a Cross-sectional Study in Iran With a Meta-analytic Review of the Literature
Authors: Nasergivehchi Somayeh , Togha Mansoureh , Jafari Elham , Sheikhvatan Mehrdad , Shahamati Donya 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: There is strong evidence of headaches following COVID-19 vaccination using any type of vaccine. However, very few studies have examined the headache characteristics and their determinants, especially among healthcare employees who have previously experienced COVID-19 infection. We evaluated and compared the incidence of headache following injection of common types of COVID-19 vaccines to determine factors related to its incidence following vaccination among Iranian healthcare employees who had contracted and recovered from the virus.Methods: A group of 334 employees who had contracted COVID-19 of different intensities were vaccinated with different types of COVID-19 vaccine at least one month following recovery from the virus. They were assessed for baseline information, type of vaccine received, and relevant headache characteristics. Results: Overall, 39.2% of participants reported post-vaccination headache. Of those who reported a previous history of headache, migraine was reported by 51.1%, tension-type by 27.4%, and other types by 21.5%. The mean time between vaccination and the onset of headache was 26.78 ± 6.93 h, indicating that headache onset was less than 24 h after vaccination in most participants (83.2%). The headache reached an estimated peak at 8.62 ± 2.41 h. Most participants reported a pressure-type headache. The prevalence of post-vaccination headache differed significantly according to the type of vaccine. The highest rates were reported for AstraZeneca, followed by Sputnik V. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the vaccine brand, being female in gender, and the initial COVID-19 severity were the main determinants for predicting post-vaccination headache. Conclusion: It should be expected that about one-third of healthcare employees will experience headache following COVID-19 vaccination. This is more likely to occur in females and those who have recovered from severe cases of COVID-19.