bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Network classification-based structural analysis of real networks and their model-generated counterparts
Authors: Nagy Marcell , Molontay Roland 
Published: May 2022

AbstractData-driven analysis of complex networks has been in the focus of research for decades. An important area of research is to study how well real networks can be described with a small selection of metrics, furthermore how well network models can capture the relations between graph metrics observed in real networks. In this paper, we apply machine-learning techniques to investigate the aforementioned problems. We study 500 real-world networks along with 2000 synthetic networks generated by four frequently used network models with previously calibrated parameters to make the generated graphs as similar to the real networks as possible. This paper unifies several branches of data-driven complex network analysis, such as the study of graph metrics and their pair-wise relationships, network similarity estimation, model calibration, and graph classification. We find that the correlation profiles of the structural measures significantly differ across network domains and the domain can be efficiently determined using a small selection of graph metrics. The structural properties of the network models with fixed parameters are robust enough to perform parameter calibration. The goodness-of-fit of the network models highly depends on the network domain. By solving classification problems, we find that the models lack the capability of generating a graph with a high clustering coefficient and relatively large diameter simultaneously. On the other hand, models are able to capture exactly the degree-distribution-related metrics.
Conservation and cultural intersections within Hong Kong's snake soup industry
Authors: Landry Yuan Félix , Yeung Chung Tai , Prigge Tracey-Leigh , Dufour Pauline C. , Sung Yik-Hei , Dingle Caroline , Bonebrake Timothy C. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSnake soup continues to be an iconic tradition in Cantonese culture. Yet little is known about the relationship between snake soup consumption in Hong Kong, wild snake populations, and the communities depending on this tradition for their livelihoods. We applied an interdisciplinary approach including interviews with shopkeepers and genetic analyses of snake meat samples to determine the species consumed in Hong Kong, their source locations, and shopkeepers’ views on the future of the industry. We genetically identified the common rat snake Ptyas mucosa, widely distributed throughout East and Southeast Asia, and the Javan spitting cobra Naja sputatrix, endemic to Indonesia, as the species most commonly consumed, which was consistent with interview responses. According to interviews, snakes had mostly been imported from mainland China in the past, but now tend to be sourced from Southeast Asia, particularly Indonesia. Interviews also revealed a pessimistic outlook on the continuation of this tradition because of various factors, including a lasting yet misinformed association of snakes with the 2002–2003 outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome. Given the COVID-19 pandemic and China's ensuing ban on the consumption of terrestrial wildlife, Hong Kong's snake soup industry will probably continue to rely on Southeast Asian sources to persist. Given the cultural and conservation issues surrounding this tradition, further research on the economic, ecological and social consequences of snake consumption is needed to examine the broader implications of snake soup and similar industries in the region.
Extraordinary high level of propagation of Babesia divergens in severe human babesiosis
Authors: Kukina Irina V. , Zelya Olga P. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBabesias are obligate apicomplexan parasites that affect the red blood cells (RBCs) of animals. Humans can serve as accidental hosts for them. Asexual reproduction of a parasite occurs in a vertebrate host through asynchronous binary fission, yielding a complex pleomorphic population of intraerythrocytic forms. In natural hosts (Bos taurus), paired pyriforms (‘figure 8’) of Babesia divergens are usual, but tetrads (‘Maltese Cross’) are very rare (only in 0.02% infected erythrocytes); in humans, however, up to 5% of infected erythrocytes show tetrads. The current study shows that B. divergens proliferating in an accidental human host can promote extraordinarily high level of fission. This phenomenon is expressed as the simultaneous division of the parasite into 6 and possibly a greater number of merozoites, forming a ‘daisy head’ (vs the usual 2, less often 4 merozoites). Reproduction is possible without egressing merozoites from the erythrocyte, which results in multi-occupancy of an RBC (≥5 parasites per RBC). An unusually high polyparasitism – up to 14 parasites developed in the affected erythrocytes – was observed. This phenomenon is rare in natural hosts (usually ≤5), but when B. divergens is cultured in vitro it can be 10–12.
Gravity compensation of a 2R1T mechanism with remote center of motion for minimally invasive transnasal surgery applications
Authors: Aldanmaz Ataol Behram , Ayit Orhan , Kiper Gökhan , Dede Mehmet İsmet Can 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis work addresses the gravity balancing of a 2R1T (2 rotations – 1 translation) mechanism with remote center of motion. A previously developed balancing solution is modified and applied to a prototype, and test results are presented. The mechanism is an endoscope holder for minimally invasive transnasal pituitary gland surgery. In this surgery, the endoscope is inserted through a nostril of the patient through a natural path to the pituitary gland. During the surgery, it is vital for the manipulator to be statically balanced so that in case of a motor failure, the patient is protected against any harmful motion of the endoscope. Additionally, static balancing takes the gravitational load from the actuators and hence facilitates the control of the mechanism. The mechanism is a 2URRR-URR type parallel manipulator with three legs. The payload mass is distributed to the legs on the sides. By using counter-masses for two links of each leg, the center of mass of each leg is lumped on the proximal link which simplifies the problem of balancing of a two degree-of-freedom inverted pendulum. The two proximal links with the lumped mass are statically balanced via springs. Dynamic simulations indicate that when the mechanism is statically balanced, generated actuator torques are reduced by 93.5%. Finally, the balancing solution is implemented on the prototype of the manipulator. The tests indicate that the manipulator is statically balanced within its task space when the actuators are disconnected. When the actuators are connected, the torque requirements decrease by about 37.8% with balancing.
Religiosity, impulsivity, and compulsivity in university students
Authors: Grant Jon E. , Blum Austin W. , Chamberlain Samuel R. , Lust Katherine 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectivesPrior research suggests that religiosity may be associated with healthier levels of mental health in certain domains (eg, higher self-esteem and lower rates of substance use problems). However, very little is known about religiosity and impulsive plus compulsive tendencies. This study examined associations between religiosity and impulsive and compulsive behaviors and traits among university students.MethodsNine thousand, four hundred and forty-nine students received a 156-item anonymous online survey which assessed religiosity, alcohol and drug use, mental health issues, and impulsive and compulsive traits. Two groups of interest were defined: those with high religiosity, and those with low religiosity, based on z-scores. The two groups were compared on the measures of interest.ResultsThree thousand, five hundred and seventy-two university students (57.1% female) responded to the survey. Those with high levels of organizational religious activity, as well as those with high levels of intrinsic or subjective religiosity, differed from their fellow students in having better self-esteem, being less likely to have alcohol or drug problems, and generally being less impulsive in terms of attention and planning. Compulsivity did not differ between groups. Associations were of small effect size except for the link between religiosity and lower impulsivity, which was of medium effect size.ConclusionThis study shows a link between higher religiosity and lower impulsivity, as well as higher levels of mental health across several domains. Whether these associations are causal—and if so, the direction of such causality—requires rigorous longitudinal research.
Cell-TypeAnalyzer: A flexible Fiji/ImageJ plugin to classify cells according to user-defined criteria
Authors: Cayuela López Ana , Gómez-Pedrero José A. , Blanco Ana M. O. , Sorzano Carlos Oscar S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFluorescence microscopy techniques have experienced a substantial increase in the visualization and analysis of many biological processes in life science. We describe a semiautomated and versatile tool called Cell-TypeAnalyzer to avoid the time-consuming and biased manual classification of cells according to cell types. It consists of an open-source plugin for Fiji or ImageJ to detect and classify cells in 2D images. Our workflow consists of (a) image preprocessing actions, data spatial calibration, and region of interest for analysis; (b) segmentation to isolate cells from background (optionally including user-defined preprocessing steps helping the identification of cells); (c) extraction of features from each cell; (d) filters to select relevant cells; (e) definition of specific criteria to be included in the different cell types; (f) cell classification; and (g) flexible analysis of the results. Our software provides a modular and flexible strategy to perform cell classification through a wizard-like graphical user interface in which the user is intuitively guided through each step of the analysis. This procedure may be applied in batch mode to multiple microscopy files. Once the analysis is set up, it can be automatically and efficiently performed on many images. The plugin does not require any programming skill and can analyze cells in many different acquisition setups.
Twins’ Continuing Tales: New Evidence Reshapes Thinking/Appreciation and Recognition: Honoring Colleagues, Honoring Twins; Remembering Colleagues, Remembering Twins / In the Media: Ukrainian Twins in Wartime; Twins Born in Different Years; Identical Twin Surrogate; A Quaternary Family; Abducted Twins in Serbia
Authors: Segal Nancy L. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTwin research proceeds at a rapid pace, with new findings constantly modifying our knowledge and thoughts about many issues. In the present article, this concept is applied to the writing of books and articles about twins, with special emphasis on the author’s recent experience. My lead essay in most contributions to the News, Views and Comment section of this journal is usually followed by a review of current research findings; however, significant events necessitated a departure from this format. At this time, it is important to both honor and remember colleagues and twins, both past and present. The final entry in this article highlights media events that variously pose biological and social implications for our field. They include the hardships of Ukrainian twins during wartime; twins born in different years; identical twin surrogacy, a quaternary family and abducted twins in Serbia.
Evaluation of COAMPS Boundary Layer Refractivity Forecast Accuracy for 2–40 GHz Electromagnetic Wave Propagation
Authors: Xu Luyao , Yardim Caglar , Haack Tracy 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this paper, the performance of the Coupled Ocean‐Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS®) electromagnetic (EM) propagation forecast is assessed using numerous metrics such as forecast lengths, frequencies, ranges, and spatial resolutions. The modeled PL (Propagation Loss) for 2–40 GHz based on the COAMPS ®predicted refractivity profiles is evaluated by 1 month of range‐dependent measurements, which were collected during Coupled Air‐Sea Processes and Electromagnetic ducting Research (CASPER) East Campaign. PL data were collected using a shore‐to‐ship radio link, near the coast of Duck, NC. Mesoscale atmospheric refractivity predictions for the CASPER East operational area are provided by COAMPS®. Propagation loss predictions are computed from these refractivity profiles via a parabolic wave equation propagation code. The results show a good agreement between the COAMPS®‐predicted and the measured propagation loss for the northwest Atlantic region. The analyses show that the prediction error varies from 3 to 8 dB as the frequency increases from 2 to 40 GHz. In addition, COAMPS® successfully tracked the changes in the refractivity field even when the forecast length increased from 0 to 48 hr, with only a marginal degradation in EM prediction accuracy within the first 12 hr. Higher horizontal range resolution does not result in significant improvement in EM predictions as long as there are at least 2 M‐profiles that allows the EM propagation code to capture the first order horizontal variation. Low‐resolution, high order nested COAMPS® fields still produce good EM forecasts for this particular geometry.
Telehealth Provision of Parent–Child Interaction Therapy During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Report
Authors: Bono Madeline H. 
Published: May 2022

Objective: To present a case report detailing the trajectory of a caregiver-targeted intervention – Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) – delivered via telehealth to a five-year-old pediatric brain cancer survivor with externalizing behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: The patient’s medical and developmental history are presented. The patient’s case conceptualization and intervention rationale are discussed. The course of the patient’s PCIT treatment is described. Results: After 10 PCIT sessions following an intake session, the frequency of the patient’s externalizing behaviors was reduced, and the patient’s mother reported feeling more competent and less distressed. At a six-month follow-up, the patient’s mother reported maintenance of treatment gains. Conclusions: Telehealth-delivered PCIT shows promise as a parent-directed intervention that can reduce parental distress and the frequency of externalizing behaviors in young children. The intervention was seen by a medically complex patient’s family as feasible and acceptable for meeting their behavioral health needs during a public health emergency. Further research into PCIT’s implementation possibilities may help to bridge present treatment gaps for young children with externalizing behaviors across a variety of settings. Implications for Impact Statement This case study describes the processes and outcomes of a caregiver-directed therapy – Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) – delivered remotely to a mother and her child, a five-year-old pediatric brain cancer survivor. The positive outcomes in this case support that telehealth-delivered PCIT is effective for medically complex patients. This case highlights how parent-targeted telehealth interventions can address barriers to health care-accessibility.
Understanding Solicitous Parenting and Pain Acceptance in Pediatric Patients With Abdominal Pain
Authors: Wagoner Scott T. , Deacy Amanda D. , Friesen Craig A. , Schurman Jennifer V. 
Published: May 2022

Objective: The current study sought to explore how solicitous parenting predicts patient engagement in valued activities (i.e., activity engagement) and prioritization of controlling pain (i.e., pain willingness), two factors of pain acceptance. We also examined how solicitous parenting and abdominal pain severity interact to predict these two factors. Method: Participants were 119 pediatric patients seen for an initial evaluation in a multidisciplinary abdominal pain clinic. Patients met criteria for a Rome functional gastrointestinal disorder, and, as part of standard care, patients and their caregivers completed questionnaires assessing solicitous parenting, pain acceptance, and abdominal pain severity. Results: Greater negatively reinforcing solicitous parenting predicted lower activity engagement and pain willingness. Further, positively reinforcing solicitous parenting did not add significant variance in predicting activity engagement or pain willingness after accounting for variance predicted by negatively reinforcing solicitous parenting. Last, while negatively reinforcing solicitous parenting and abdominal pain severity did not interact to predict activity engagement or pain willingness, abdominal pain severity predicted significant variance in each facet of pain acceptance even after accounting for negatively reinforcing solicitous parenting. Conclusions: Results suggest that patients experiencing negatively reinforcing solicitous parenting may engage in valued activities less and be less willing to tolerate pain while prioritizing other life goals. Findings highlight the importance of monitoring parenting behavior and identifying goals that will encourage patient action in the face of increased pain severity. Implications for Impact Statement This study suggests that how parents respond to their child’s abdominal pain relates to how the child views pain and acts while in pain.
Ultraviolet phosphorescent carbon nanodots
Authors: Song Shi-Yu , Liu Kai-Kai , Cao Qing , Mao Xin , Zhao Wen-Bo , Wang Yong , Liang Ya-Chuan , Zang Jin-Hao , Lou Qing , Dong Lin , Shan Chong-Xin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPhosphorescent carbon nanodots (CNDs) have generated enormous interest recently, and the CND phosphorescence is usually located in the visible region, while ultraviolet (UV) phosphorescent CNDs have not been reported thus far. Herein, the UV phosphorescence of CNDs was achieved by decreasing conjugation size and in-situ spatial confinement in a NaCNO crystal. The electron transition from the px to the sp2 orbit of the N atoms within the CNDs can generate one-unit orbital angular momentum, providing a driving force for the triplet excitons population of the CNDs. The confinement caused by the NaCNO crystal reduces the energy dissipation paths of the generated triplet excitons. By further tailoring the size of the CNDs, the phosphorescence wavelength can be tuned to 348 nm, and the room temperature lifetime of the CNDs can reach 15.8 ms. As a demonstration, the UV phosphorescent CNDs were used for inactivating gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria through the emission of their high-energy photons over a long duration, and the resulting antibacterial efficiency reached over 99.9%. This work provides a rational design strategy for UV phosphorescent CNDs and demonstrates their novel antibacterial applications.
Resting state functional brain networks associated with emotion processing in frontotemporal lobar degeneration
Authors: Canu Elisa , Calderaro Davide , Castelnovo Veronica , Basaia Silvia , Magno Maria Antonietta , Riva Nilo , Magnani Giuseppe , Caso Francesca , Caroppo Paola , Prioni Sara , Villa Cristina , Pain Debora , Mora Gabriele , Tremolizzo Lucio , Appollonio Ildebrando , Poletti Barbara , Silani Vincenzo , Filippi Massimo , Agosta Federica 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study investigated the relationship between emotion processing and resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) of the brain networks in frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). Eighty FTLD patients (including cases with behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia, primary progressive aphasia, progressive supranuclear palsy syndrome, motor neuron disease) and 65 healthy controls underwent rs-functional MRI. Emotion processing was tested using the Comprehensive Affect Testing System (CATS). In patients and controls, correlations were investigated between each emotion construct and rs-FC changes within critical networks. Mean rs-FC of the clusters significantly associated with CATS scoring were compared among FTLD groups. FTLD patients had pathological CATS scores compared with controls. In controls, increased rs-FC of the cerebellar and visuo-associative networks correlated with better scores in emotion-matching and discrimination tasks, respectively; while decreased rs-FC of the visuo-spatial network was related with better performance in the affect-matching and naming. In FTLD, the associations between rs-FC and CATS scores involved more brain regions, such as orbitofrontal and middle frontal gyri within anterior networks (i.e., salience and default-mode), parietal and somatosensory regions within visuo-spatial and sensorimotor networks, caudate and thalamus within basal-ganglia network. Rs-FC changes associated with CATS were similar among all FTLD groups. In FTLD compared to controls, the pattern of rs-FC associated with emotional processing involves a larger number of brain regions, likely due to functional specificity loss and compensatory attempts. These associations were similar across all FTLD groups, suggesting a common physiopathological mechanism of emotion processing breakdown, regardless the clinical presentation and pattern of atrophy.
Tumor suppressor p53 restrains cancer cell dissemination by modulating mitochondrial dynamics
Authors: Phan Trinh T. T. , Lin Yu-Chun , Chou Yu-Ting , Wu Chien-Wei , Lin Lih-Yuan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTumor suppressor p53 plays a central role in preventing tumorigenesis. Here, we unravel how p53 modulates mitochondrial dynamics to restrain the metastatic properties of cancer cells. p53 inhibits the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling to attenuate the protein level of mitochondrial fission process 1 (MTFP1), which fosters the pro-fission dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) phosphorylation. This regulatory mechanism allows p53 to restrict cell migration and invasion governed by Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission. Downregulating p53 expression or elevating the molecular signature of mitochondrial fission correlates with aggressive tumor phenotypes and poor prognosis in cancer patients. Upon p53 loss, exaggerated mitochondrial fragmentation stimulates the activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling resulting in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-like changes in cell morphology, accompanied by accelerated matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) expression and invasive cell migration. Notably, blocking the activation of mTORC1/MTFP1/Drp1/ERK1/2 axis completely abolishes the p53 deficiency-driven cellular morphological switch, MMP9 expression, and cancer cell dissemination. Our findings unveil a hitherto unrecognized mitochondria-dependent molecular mechanism underlying the metastatic phenotypes of p53-compromised cancers.