bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with severe disease and outcome of patients with COVID-19
Authors: Ozel Ayse Serra , Altunal Lutfiye Nilsun , Aydin Mehtap , Unal Busra , Cam Gulsum , Caglar Ozer Merve , Korten Volkan 
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Since the beginning of the pandemic, factors associated with mortality in patients with corona virus infection disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been investigated. Comorbidities and increased age have been frequently reported to be associated with mortality. We aimed to evaluate the factors associated with unfavorable outcome of patients with COVID-19 at an early period of the pandemic.
Methodology: This single center, retrospective, observational study was conducted among laboratory confirmed COVID-19 patients hospitalized between March 11 and May 5, 2020, at Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. The effects of the severity of illness, comorbidities, symptoms, and laboratory findings on the clinical outcome were evaluated. Factors associated with unfavorable outcome (necessity of mechanical ventilation or death) were examined using Cox proportional hazards models.
Results: Out of a total of 728 patients, 53.8% were men and median age 54 years. The 30-day mortality rate was 4.9% among all hospitalized patients. A logistic regression model identified six predictors of unfavorable clinical outcome: age, severity of illness, the numbers of comorbidities, lymphopenia, high levels of C-reactive protein, and procalcitonin.
Conclusions: The mortality rate was lower among the patients with COVID-19, hospitalized during the early period of the pandemic. Older age, higher severity score on admission, the numbers of comorbidities, higher levels of C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, and lymphopenia were identified to be associated with unfavorable outcome of the hospitalized patients with COVID-19.
Teoría tullida. Un recorrido crítico desde los estudios de la discapacidad o diversidad funcional hasta la teoría CRIP
Authors: Moya Laura 
Published: April 2022

Los estudios de la discapacidad cuentan con cuatro décadas de historia en las que este campo de conocimiento ha evolucionado y complejizado su análisis sumando nuevos enfoques teóricos y prácticos. En esta ocasión, con el fin de conocer la evolución de estos estudios hasta la teoría crip o teoría tullida, partimos del marco teórico anglosajón que nos permite trazar una genealogía de este campo de conocimiento para, posteriormente, poner esta en diálogo con la producida en nuestro contexto. Dado que los principales análisis del campo apenas han sido traducidos a nuestro idioma y que el mismo no cuenta con una amplia trayectoria en nuestro contexto, este artículo se propone como una breve guía de aproximación al campo de los estudios sobre la discapacidad y, en especial, al surgimiento de la teoría tullida.
Le multilinguisme de l’Organisation des Nations unies
Authors: Saint Robert Marie-Josée de 
Published: April 2022

L’objet de cet article est d’analyser la politique linguistique de l’ONU, telle que définie en 1946, ainsi que les principaux obstacles rencontrés depuis lors pour la mettre en œuvre. Sont principalement décrits les efforts des États membres et du secrétaire général pour parvenir à la parité linguistique entre les deux langues de travail du Secrétariat que sont l’anglais et le français, et entre les six langues officielles des autres organes principaux des Nations unies, tels que l’Assemblée générale, à savoir l’anglais, l’arabe, le chinois, l’espagnol, le français et le russe. Leurs récents efforts en vue de l’intégration systématique du multilinguisme dans les activités de l’Organisation se sont traduits par la multiplication du nombre de langues employées au Secrétariat pour entendre et servir les peuples du monde, au point qu’un terme tel que « omnilinguisme » semble mieux rendre compte que « multilinguisme » de ce nouvel aspect de la politique linguistique de l’Organisation.
Leadership Theories: Application in the University Setting
Authors: Alajmi Meaad 
Published: April 2022

The paper discusses the application of three major theories of leadership in the education field. The paper starts with the trait theories and the possibility of its application in the education system from the highest position down to the teacher classroom. The second theory this paper sheds light on is the situational leadership theory. It looks into the literature regarding its application in the same system, i.e. education. The last theory this paper discusses is the contingency theory. It showcases the definition of the theory and the literature around its application in the educational system. The paper finally concludes that all theories are applicable according to the literature and research made on the topic.
Repair organisations in English as second language classrooms in a Ghanaian Technical University
Authors: Bukari Francis , Asafo-Adjei Ramos , Klu Ernest Kwesi 
Published: April 2022

Communication breakdowns usually occur in teaching and learning interactions, necessitating repair. This study investigated the types of conversation repair organisations utilised by both lecturers and students during classroom interaction at the Takoradi Technical University. The study adopted the Conversation Analysis (CA) theory as a framework and methodology. The repair organisations identified in the study included self-initiated self-repair, self-initiated other-repair and other-initiated self-repair. Also, during classroom interaction, lecturers and students use paralinguistic elements such silence, cupping of the ear and smiling to convey their feelings and thoughts. Some implications of the study are that university lecturers should repair in their classroom interactions to make them more aware of communication breakdowns and what to do when there are issues with comprehensibility and intelligibility. Additionally, they have to design courses that will educate students on the application of various types of repair organisations and paralinguistic features in classroom discourse to engender effective communication.
The impact of squatter settlement in Greater Breyten Urban Community: A case study of Kwa-Zanele Township In Mpumalanga Province
Authors: Twala Mandla Alfred , Twala Boniswa Charlotte 
Published: April 2022

This study investigated the attitudes of the permanent residents and the squatter-settlements regarding the existence of crime, and the socio-environmental problems experienced by the permanent residents of Greater Breyten Urban Community due to the existence of the squatters in their areas. This growth of squatter settlements, informal settlements, slums along the formal settlement and or urban areas is a global phenomenon. The research design in this study involved a descriptive design which reveals potential relationships between variables. According to the study, the researcher was describing the attitude and impact of quarters on the social environment of the Greater Breyten area. Data was also analyzed using frequencies and percentages. The findings revealed that there are no significant differences between the attitudes of the permanent residents and those of the squatter-settlements regarding the existence of crime. Besides, the socio-environmental problems, the results indicated that the conditions of squatters are poor and unhealthy for human habitation. Considering the findings of the study, the researcher proposed that there be a multi-disciplinary approach to present and provide resources to address the problem of squatter-settlement.
Art of the Modern Age
Authors: Schaeffer Jean-Marie 
Published: April 2022

This is a sweeping and provocative work of aesthetic theory: a trenchant critique of the philosophy of art as it developed from the eighteenth century to the early twentieth century, combined with a carefully reasoned plea for a new and more flexible approach to art.
Jean-Marie Schaeffer, one of France's leading aestheticians, explores the writings of Kant, Schlegel, Novalis, Hegel, Schopenhauer, Nietzsche, and Heidegger to show that these diverse thinkers shared a common approach to art, which he calls the "speculative theory." According to this theory, art offers a special kind of intuitive, quasi-mystical knowledge, radically different from the rational knowledge acquired by science. This view encouraged theorists to consider artistic geniuses the high-priests of humanity, creators of works that reveal the invisible essence of the world. Philosophers came to regard inexpressibility as the aim of art, refused to consider second-tier creations genuine art, and helped to create conditions in which the genius was expected to shock, puzzle, and mystify the public. Schaeffer shows that this speculative theory helped give birth to romanticism, modernism, and the avant-garde, and paved the way for an unfortunate divorce between art and enjoyment, between "high art" and popular art, and between artists and their public.
Rejecting the speculative approach, Schaeffer concludes by defending a more tolerant theory of art that gives pleasure its due, includes popular art, tolerates less successful works, and accounts for personal tastes.
Literature, in Theory
Authors: Wolfreys Julian 
Published: April 2022

Jacques Derrida has argued about the difference between literature and theory that despite its institutional status, part of its 'institution' is the right of literature to say anything. Literature cannot be defined as such, and as soon as one seeks to produce a reading of the literary, complications arise.
Yet despite its institutional significance, 'theory' remains something many wish would go away; and which, for others, is still not read, is misread, and remains to be read. Like literature, it remains as an enigmatic identity, resistant to definition, but subject to misperceptions and open to general statements that are more or less inaccurate.
By examining how 'theory' and 'literature' are concepts and names which touch on one other in complex ways, Julian Wolfreys seeks to understand their intersections and differences. Examining a wide range of authors, from Dickens to Joyce, and engaging directly with a number of major theorists, Wolfreys takes the reader on a journey through the issues and ideas involved in reading literature, in theory.
Morality and the Movies
Authors: Shaw Dan 
Published: April 2022

Morality and the Movies presents the ideal introduction to philosophical ethics for film lovers. Dan Shaw uses a series of sixteen popular films, including Hotel Rwanda, Casablanca, Citizen Kane, A Clockwork Orange, Dead Man Walking and Full Metal Jacket, to illustrate all the major ethical theories and key contemporary moral issues. The book provides a brief summary and philosophical interpretation of each film, with reference throughout to primary philosophical sources. A unique pedagogical feature is that each chapter begins with a five-step summary of the theoretical position in question and a critical evaluation of its strengths and weaknesses through a specific film. Topics covered include:
- divine authority
- the social contract
- moral relativism
- virtue ethics
- freedom and determinism
- euthanasia
- capital punishment
- war and terrorism
- abortion
- business ethics
Ideal for undergraduate students coming to philosophical ethics for the first time, this book utilizes popular film to introduce a central topic in the study of philosophy.
Wittgenstein’s Family Letters
Authors: Ware Ben , Burley Mikel , Gorlȳe Dinda L. 
Published: April 2022

With a quality all their own, Wittgenstein’s Family Letters reveals a side of Ludwig Wittgenstein few would have known. The familiarity and intimacy of the letters offer new insights into the development of his relationships and ideas over the course of forty years.
In his usual frank, and sometimes brutally honest manner, he explains his decisions to lead a life in absolute agreement with what he considered right for him. In correspondence with his siblings we learn more about Ludwig’s refusal to be known as a ‘Wittgenstein’ during his time as a school teacher and his insistence to celebrate Christmas not with the family, but with friends. Using a different tone for each of his siblings, he creates distinct portraits of the siblings themselves. The open and simple tone to Hermine, a mother figure to Ludwig; the practical and sometimes joking tone to Paul; and, most strikingly, the loving and witty tone to Helene Salzer, the sibling closest to Ludwig and with whom he remained in contact until his death. The most intellectual and original of his sisters, Margaret, is seen primarily through her letters to Ludwig, as almost no letters to her are believed to have survived from him.
Translated into English for the first time, these personal letters not only illuminate Wittgenstein the philosopher, they bring us closer to Ludwig Wittgenstein the man.
Assessment of bone mineral density in children with bone cysts
Authors: Hotim O. A. , Anosov V. S. 
Published: April 2022

Objective. To assess an incidence rate of reduced bone mineral density (BMD) in children diagnosed with dystrophic bone cysts.Materials and methods. We examined 2 groups of patients: 25 children diagnosed with dystrophic bone cysts (experimental group) and 42 children diagnosed with idiopathic scoliosis (control group). The methods were: dual X-ray absorptiometry (roentgen densitometry), computer tomography; the comparative assessment of the results was performed.Results. It has been found that only in 36 % of the patients with bone cysts (n = 9), the BDM value was within the age norm, 36 % revealed osteopenia, 28 % – osteoporosis. Among the patients diagnosed with idiopathic scoliosis, changes in BMD were found only in 21.5 % (n = 9) of the patients (in 14.3 % of the cases — osteopenia, in 7.2 % – osteoporosis).Conclusion. In addition to appropriate surgical treatment, it is necessary to measure BMD in children with dystrophic bone cysts.
Features of the acute phase course and outcomes of macrofocal myocardial infarction complicated by ischemic acute renal failure
Authors: Brankovskaya E. Yu. 
Published: April 2022

Objective. To determine the features of the course and outcomes of macrofocal myocardial infarction (MI) complicated by ischemic acute renal failure.Materials and methods. The study included 173 patients with acute macrofocal MI. The patients were stratified into two study groups based on the functional state of the kidneys at the time of their admission to hospital: 111 patients with MI and ischemic acute renal failure (ARF) (main group) and 62 patients with MI without ARF (comparison group).Results. The patients with MI and ischemic ARF required longer inotropic and/or vasopressor support, more frequent use of intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation, the course of the disease in them was more often complicated by the development of prognostically unfavorable arrhythmias. The patients with MI and ARF compared to the patients without ARF revealed longer mean group time intervals from the onset of pain syndrome to the primary medical contact, a higher number of cases of adverse outcomes within 12 months from the onset of the disease.Conclusion. Patients with macrofocal MI and ischemic ARF are characterized by a more severe course of the MI acute phase, as well as a more frequent development of adverse outcomes within 12 months from the onset of the disease.
Cell and tissue reactions in response to experimental implantation of modified artificial vascular prostheses
Authors: Lyzikov A. A. , Nadyrov E A. , Doroshko Y. Y. 
Published: April 2022

Objective. To perform histological evaluation of cell and tissue reactions in response to experimental implantation of various variants of antibacterial modifications of artificial vascular prostheses.Materials and methods. The study of the cell and tissue reactions was carried out on 45 laboratory white rats. Industrially produced samples of textile woven vascular prostheses modified by two types of developed coatings based on a polyvinyl-chitosan complex with the addition of biologically active substances and the antibiotic Vancomycin 1 % were studied. In accordance with the design of the study, the animals were removed from the experiment on the 5th, 14th day and 20th week of the postoperative period by means of decapitation. Samples were taken for histological examination.Results. The study of the cellular composition of tissues along the periphery of the vascular prostheses has showed that the animals of the experimental groups had less pronounced inflammatory reactions compared with the control one on the 5th day of observation. The largest number of cells forming connective tissue fibers was in the samples of the second experimental group (p < 0.05). During the intermediate followup periods (day 14), the inflammatory reaction continued to decrease in the experimental samples and a high rate of formation and maturation of granulation tissue was observed (p < 0.05). The inflammatory productive reaction decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in the samples of the second experimental group compared to the first experimental group. During the late follow-up period (20 weeks), the experimental groups were significantly characterized (p < 0.05) by less severe chronic inflammation reactions and a higher degree of maturation and transformation of granulation tissue into coarse-fibrous one, and a higher content of mature connective tissue cells was determined in the second experimental group compared to the first experimental group (p < 0.05).Conclusion. We have found that the most preferred modifications of textile woven vascular prostheses are antibacterial coatings without polyvinylpyrrolidone, which significantly reduce inflammatory reactions and enhance the fibroplastic properties of the prostheses during all follow-up periods.
Impacts of three types of solar geoengineering on the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation
Authors: Xie Mengdie , Moore John C. , Zhao Liyun , Wolovick Michael , Muri Helene 
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Climate models simulate lower rates of North Atlantic
heat transport under greenhouse gas climates than at present due to a
reduction in the strength of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning
Circulation (AMOC). Solar geoengineering whereby surface temperatures are
cooled by reduction of incoming shortwave radiation may be expected to
ameliorate this effect. We investigate this using six Earth system models
running scenarios from GeoMIP (Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project)
in the cases of (i) reduction in the solar constant, mimicking dimming of
the sun; (ii) sulfate aerosol injection into the lower equatorial
stratosphere; and (iii) brightening of the ocean regions, mimicking enhancing
tropospheric cloud amounts. We find that despite across-model differences,
AMOC decreases are attributable to reduced air–ocean temperature
differences and reduced September Arctic sea ice extent, with no
significant impact from changing surface winds or precipitation − evaporation.
Reversing the surface freshening of the North Atlantic overturning regions
caused by decreased summer sea ice sea helps to promote AMOC. When comparing the
geoengineering types after normalizing them for the differences in top-of-atmosphere radiative forcing, we find that solar dimming is more effective
than either marine cloud brightening or stratospheric aerosol injection.
Evaluation of aerosol microphysical, optical and radiative properties measured with a multiwavelength photometer
Authors: Zheng Yu , Che Huizheng , Wang Yupeng , Xia Xiangao , Hu Xiuqing , Zhang Xiaochun , Zhu Jun , Zhu Jibiao , Zhao Hujia , Li Lei , Gui Ke , Zhang Xiaoye 
Published: April 2022

Abstract. An evaluation of aerosol microphysical, optical and
radiative properties measured with a multiwavelength photometer named
CW193 was performed in this study. The instrument has a highly integrated
design, smart control performance and is composed of three parts (the optical
head, robotic drive platform and stents system). Based on synchronous
measurements, the CW193 products were validated using reference data from the
AERONET CE318 photometer. The results show that the raw digital counts from
CW193 agree well with the counts from AERONET (R>0.989), with daily
average triplets of around 1.2 % to 3.0 % for the ultraviolet
band and less than 2.0 % for the visible and infrared bands. Good
aerosol optical depth agreement (R>0.997, 100 % within
expected error) and root mean square error (RMSE) values ranging from 0.006
(for the 870 nm band) to 0.016 (for the 440 nm band) were obtained, with the
relative mean bias (RMB) ranging from 0.922 to 1.112 and the aerosol optical
depth bias within ±0.04. The maximum deviation of the peak value for
fine-mode particles varied from about 8.9 % to 77.6 %, whereas the
variation for coarse-mode particles was about 13.1 % to 29.1 %. The deviation variations of the single scattering albedo were
approximately 0.1 %–1.8 %, 0.6 %–1.9 %, 0.1 %–2.6 % and 0.8 %–3.5 %
for the 440, 675, 870 and 1020 nm bands, respectively. For the
aerosol direct radiative forcing, deviations of approximately 4.8 %–12.3 %
were obtained at the earth's surface and 5.4 %–15.9 % for the top of the
atmosphere. In addition, the water vapor retrievals showed satisfactory
accuracy, characterized by a high R value (∼0.997), a small
RMSE (∼0.020) and a good expected error distribution (100 % within expected error). The water
vapor RMB was about 0.979, and the biases mostly varied within ±0.04,
whereas the mean values were concentrated within ±0.02.
Surface Urban Energy and Water Balance Scheme (v2020a) in vegetated areas: parameter derivation and performance evaluation using FLUXNET2015 dataset
Authors: Omidvar Hamidreza , Sun Ting , Grimmond Sue , Bilesbach Dave , Black Andrew , Chen Jiquan , Duan Zexia , Gao Zhiqiu , Iwata Hiroki , McFadden Joseph P. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract. To compare the impact of surface–atmosphere exchanges from rural and urban areas, fully vegetated areas (e.g. deciduous trees, evergreen trees and
grass) commonly found adjacent to cities need to be modelled. Here we provide a general workflow to derive parameters for SUEWS (Surface Urban
Energy and Water Balance Scheme), including those associated with vegetation phenology (via leaf area index, LAI), heat storage and surface
conductance. As expected, attribution analysis of bias in SUEWS-modelled QE finds that surface conductance (gs) plays the
dominant role; hence there is a need for more estimates of surface conductance parameters. The workflow is applied at 38 FLUXNET sites. The derived
parameters vary between sites with the same plant functional type (PFT), demonstrating the challenge of using a single set of parameters for a
PFT. SUEWS skill at simulating monthly and hourly latent heat flux (QE) is examined using the site-specific derived parameters, with the
default NOAH surface conductance parameters (Chen et al., 1996). Overall evaluation for 2 years has similar metrics for both configurations:
median hit rate between 0.6 and 0.7, median mean absolute error less than 25 W m−2, and median mean bias error
∼ 5 W m−2. Performance differences are more evident at monthly and hourly scales, with larger mean bias error (monthly:
∼ 40 W m−2; hourly ∼ 30 W m−2) results using the NOAH-surface conductance parameters, suggesting that they
should be used with caution. Assessment of sites with contrasting QE performance demonstrates how critical capturing the LAI dynamics is
to the SUEWS prediction skills of gs and QE. Generally gs is poorest in cooler periods (more pronounced at
night, when underestimated by ∼ 3 mm s−1). Given the global LAI data availability and the workflow provided in this study, any
site to be simulated should benefit.