bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facilitating the wise use of experts and evidence to inform local environmental decisions
Authors: MacLeod Catriona J. , Brandt Angela J. , Dicks Lynn V. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Using biodiversity management within New Zealand's agricultural landscape as a case study, we apply ‘boundary science’ approaches to overcome two persistent deficiencies in environmental decision‐making: ‘evidence disparity’, the discrepancy between evidence desired and evidence generated, and ‘evidence complacency’, where evidence is not sought or used, or is out of date, incomplete or biased.

Specifically, we assess how recent innovations in gathering, evaluating and communicating of evidence syntheses can: give local stakeholders from a diversity of roles and interests a voice in setting biodiversity priorities, systematically tailor global evidence to meet local needs and make wise use of local biodiversity specialists to enhance the accuracy and reliability of their judgements.

Initial case study material comprised comprehensive lists of 18 biodiversity outcome groups and 84 management actions of potential value to New Zealand farms. Of the 40 management actions that mattered most to stakeholders, 90% of actions required editing in preparation for the expert assessments. The final list of priorities encompassed 43 management actions and 11 biodiversity groups.

New Zealand evidence gaps were detected for the two actions and 10 biodiversity groups assessed, with half of these gaps plugged using global studies. Six experts then systematically evaluated this evidence to tailor its interpretation to the local context, mitigating the risks of using different evidence subsets and evaluation criteria.

The effectiveness of each action in delivering biodiversity benefits was also assessed by a panel of 10 experts using their specialist judgement to mitigate the risks of: (a) a skewed assessment derived from one or two experts; (b) overwhelming panellists with a long list of issues to debate; and (c) conflicts arising from misunderstandings about action outcomes.

The stakeholder priorities delivered useful insights, which could be used to direct and facilitate inclusive policy investments beyond our project. Auditing local studies using existing evidence synopses is recommended to help improve local conservation evidence bases. Our study highlights the crucial role that a boundary‐spanning team can play in gathering, organising, summarising and integrating datasets to address evidence disparity and complacency issues affecting local biodiversity management decisions required by global policy.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
CXCR4 mediates leukemic cell migration and survival in the testicular microenvironment
Authors: Skroblyn Tessa , Joedicke Jara J , Pfau Madlen , Krüger Kerstin , Bourquin Jean‐Pierre , Izraeli Shai , Eckert Cornelia , Höpken Uta E 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe testis is the second most frequent extramedullary site of relapse in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The mechanism for B‐cell (B) ALL cell migration towards and survival within the testis remains elusive. Here, we identified CXCL12–CXCR4 as the leading signaling axis for B‐ALL cell migration and survival in the testicular leukemic niche. We combined analysis of primary human ALL with a novel patient‐derived xenograft (PDX)‐ALL mouse model with testicular involvement. Prerequisites for leukemic cell infiltration in the testis were prepubertal age of the recipient mice, high surface expression of CXCR4 on PDX‐ALL cells, and CXCL12 secretion from the testicular stroma. Analysis of primary pediatric patient samples revealed that CXCR4 was the only chemokine receptor being robustly expressed on B‐ALL cells both at the time of diagnosis and relapse. In affected patient testes, leukemic cells localized within the interstitial space in close proximity to testicular macrophages. Mouse macrophages isolated from affected testes, in the PDX model, revealed a macrophage polarization towards a M2‐like phenotype in the presence of ALL cells. Therapeutically, blockade of CXCR4‐mediated functions using an anti‐CXCR4 antibody treatment completely abolished testicular infiltration of PDX‐ALL cells and strongly impaired the overall development of leukemia. Collectively, we identified a prepubertal condition together with high CXCR4 expression as factors affecting the leukemia permissive testicular microenvironment. We propose CXCR4 as a promising target for therapeutic prevention of testicular relapses in childhood B‐ALL. © 2022 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Optical analysis of light management for finger designs in CPV systems
Authors: Liu Mengdi , Römer Udo , Ekins‐Daukes Nicholas J. , Lennon Alison 
Published: May 2022

AbstractConcentrated photovoltaic (CPV) systems can achieve high energy conversion efficiencies due to their use of concentrating optics and highly efficient solar cells; however, power losses arising from the front surface reflection and metallization shading typically contribute a significant fraction to the total power loss for these devices. In flat silicon photovoltaic (PV) modules, the front‐metal finger shape is often shaped to minimize shading losses. Finger shape is even more relevant for CPV cells where the current density and front metal shading are much higher. This study compares the optical performance of five light management finger designs in CPV systems with two different refractive homogenizers. The optical efficiency and loss analysis were determined using ray‐tracing simulations. It is shown that shaped, light diverting metal fingers can improve the optical efficiency in CPV systems by up to 9.9% absolute compared to rectangular fingers, corresponding to an absolute cell efficiency increase of 3.0%. Although sharp edged triangular finger structures may be challenging to fabricate, significant optical gains can still be achieved with trapezoid or rounded cap finger shapes.
Risk assessment and molecular mechanism of Fusarium incarnatum resistance to phenamacril
Authors: Mao Yushuai , Zhao Baoquan , Cao Zhiguo , Shen Jinghan , Xu Shaohua , Wu Jian , Li Tao , Wang Jianxin , Statsyuk Natalia , Shcherbakova Larisa , Zhou Mingguo , Duan Yabing 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDCucumber fruit rot (CFR) caused by Fusarium incarnatum is a devastating fungal disease in cucumber. In recent years, CFR has occurred frequently, resulting in serious yield and quality losses in China. Phenamacril exhibits a specific antifungal activity against Fusarium species. However, no data for phenamacril against F. incarnatum is available.RESULTSThe sensitivity of 80 F. incarnatum strains to phenamacril was determined. The half maximal effective concentration (EC50) values ranged from 0.1134 to 0.3261 μg mL−1 with a mean EC50 value of 0.2170 ± 0.0496 μg mL−1. A total of seven resistant mutants were obtained from 450 mycelial plugs by phenamacril‐taming on potato dextrose agar (PDA) plates with 10 μg mL−1 of phenamacril, and the resistant frequency was 1.56%. Phenamacril‐resistant mutants showed decreased mycelial growth, conidiation and virulence as compared with the corresponding wild‐type strains, indicating that phenamacril resistance suffered a fitness penalty in F. incarnatum. In addition, using sequence analysis, the point mutations of S217P or I424S were discovered in Fimyosin‐5 (the target of phenamacril). The site‐directed mutagenesis of the S217P, P217S, I424S and S424I substitutions were constructed to reveal the relationship between the point mutations and phenamacril resistance. The results strongly demonstrated that the mutations of S217P and I424S in Fimyosin‐5 conferred phenamacril‐resistance in F. incarnatum.CONCLUSIONPhenamacril‐resistant mutants were easily induced and their resistance level was high. The S217P or I424S substitutions in Fimyosin‐5 conferring phenamacril resistance were detected and futherly verified by transformation assay with site‐directed mutagenesis. Thus, we proposed that the resistance development of F. incarnatum to phenamacril is high risk. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Predicting disease activity in patients with multiple sclerosis: An explainable machine‐learning approach in the Mavenclad trials
Authors: Basu Sreetama , Munafo Alain , Ben‐Amor Ali‐Frederic , Roy Sanjeev , Girard Pascal , Terranova Nadia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) is among the most common autoimmune disabling neurological conditions of young adults and affects more than 2.3 million people worldwide. Predicting future disease activity in patients with MS based on their pathophysiology and current treatment is pivotal to orientate future treatment. In this respect, we used machine learning to predict disease activity status in patients with MS and identify the most predictive covariates of this activity. The analysis is conducted on a pooled population of 1935 patients enrolled in three cladribine tablets clinical trials with different outcomes: relapsing–remitting MS (from CLARITY and CLARITY‐Extension trials) and patients experiencing a first demyelinating event (from the ORACLE‐MS trial). We applied gradient‐boosting (from XgBoost library) and Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) methods to identify patients' covariates that predict disease activity 3 and 6 months before their clinical observation, including patient baseline characteristics, longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging readouts, and neurological and laboratory measures. The most predictive covariates for early identification of disease activity in patients were found to be treatment duration, higher number of new combined unique active lesion count, higher number of new T1 hypointense black holes, and higher age‐related MS severity score. The outcome of this analysis improves our understanding of the mechanism of onset of disease activity in patients with MS by allowing their early identification in clinical settings and prompting preventive measures, therapeutic interventions, or more frequent patient monitoring.
An additive power‐transformed half‐logistic model and its applications in reliability
Authors: Xavier Thomas , Jose Joby K. , Nadarajah Saralees 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAn additive power‐transformed half‐logistic distribution is proposed to model lifetime data having bathtub‐shaped hazard rate function. The model is derived as the sum of hazard rates of two independently distributed power transformed half‐logistic distributions. Some properties of the model like shapes of hazard function, quantile function, mean time between failure (MTBF), probability of failure due to early birth defect and due to ageing are discussed. The graphical estimation technique based on probability plotting procedure is demonstrated to be useful in estimating the parameters of this model. The method of maximum likelihood estimation is discussed for estimating the model parameters and simulation study is considered to show the performance of the estimates. Finally the usefulness of the developed distribution is illustrated by applying it to two real life datasets from engineering reliability.
Design of MOF‐Derived NiO‐Carbon Nanohybrids Photocathodes Sensitized with Quantum Dots for Solar Hydrogen Production
Authors: Shi Li , Benetti Daniele , Li Faying , Wei Qin , Rosei Federico 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNickel oxide (NiO) is a promising p‐type material for a wide range of optoelectronic devices, as well as photocathode for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. However, traditional NiO photoelectrodes exhibit a wide bandgap (3.6 eV), intrinsic poor electrical conductivity, and low surface area, leading to low PEC systems performance. Herein, the authors explore a Ni‐based metal–organic framework (MOF) template method to obtain hierarchical hollow spheres of carbon/NiO nanostructure by successive carbonization and oxidation treatments. After sensitization with core and core–shell quantum dots (QDs), the optimized NiO‐photocathode exhibits a maximum current density of −93.6 µA cm−2 at 0 V versus RHE (reversible hydrogen electrode) in neutral pH (6.8) and −285 µA cm−2 at −0.4 V versus RHE. Compared to pure NiO and single‐core CdSe QDs, a 2.2‐fold increase in photocurrent can be obtained. The improvement in the performance of this hybrid is not only due to the high surface area for loading QDs and light scattering, but also to the presence of a highly conductive carbon matrix that promotes fast charge transfer. The proposed MOFs‐based NiO/carbon photocathode sensitized with QDs can be an effective strategy to improve the efficiency of metal oxide‐based PEC systems for hydrogen generation.
Molybdenum‐doped ordered L10‐PdZn nanosheets for enhanced oxygen reduction electrocatalysis
Authors: Liang Jiashun , Xia Yu , Liu Xuan , Huang Fanyang , Liu Jinjia , Li Shenzhou , Wang Tanyuan , Jiao Shuhong , Cao Ruiguo , Han Jiantao , Wang Hsing‐Lin , Li Qing 
Published: May 2022

AbstractUltrathin Pd‐based two‐dimensional (2D) nanosheets (NSs) with tunable physicochemical properties have emerged as promising candidate for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Unfortunately, structurally ordered Pd‐based NSs can be hardly prepared as high temperature annealing (>600°C) is necessary for disorder to order phase transition, making it a considerable challenge for morphology control. Herein, a new class of ultrathin structurally ordered Mo‐doped L10‐PdZn NSs with curved geometry and abundant defects/lattice distortions is reported as an efficient oxygen reduction electrocatalyst in alkaline solution. It is found that Mo(CO)6 serves as reducing agent and Mo source to generate the unique ordered 2D morphology, which leads to the significantly modified electronic structure. The developed L10‐Mo‐PdZn NSs exhibit excellent ORR mass activity of 2.6 A mgPd−1 at 0.9 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode, 31.5 and 17.6 times higher than those of Pd/C and Pt/C, respectively, outperforming most of the reported Pd‐based ORR electrocatalsyts. Impressively, L10‐Mo‐PdZn NSs is extremely stable for ORR, with only 2.3% activity loss after 10 000 potential cycles. Density functional theory study suggests that ordered L10 structure and Mo doping can raise the vacancy formation energy of Pd atom and thus promote the ORR stability.
Fe5Ge2Te2: Iron‐rich Layered Chalcogenide for Highly Efficient Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Lee Eunsoo , Rezaie Amir A. , Luong Diana , Yapo Johan A. , Fokwa Boniface P. T. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRecent research on van der Waals (vdW) metal chalcogenides electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) has been devoted to finding new catalysts with active basal planes. Here, we report on experimental and theoretical investigations of the HER activity of a recently discovered iron‐rich vdW spintronic material, Fe5Ge2Te2 (FG2T) in alkaline media (1 M KOH). We show that a densified electrode of FG2T requires an overpotential of only −90.5 mV to drive a current density of 10 mA/cm2. Free energy calculations of hydrogen adsorption using density functional theory (DFT) proved that the numerous sites present on the hexagonal Te layer are more active than those found in the recently proposed Fe3GeTe2 (FGT) catalyst, supporting higher activity for the new Fe‐richer catalyst. Like in FGT, XPS analysis has found that a thin oxide layer covers the active FG2T layers, suggesting the real active surface to be a hybrid FG2T/oxide layer. These results strengthen the idea of continued screening of iron‐based vdW materials to replace the non‐abundant platinum group electrocatalysts toward HER and other electrocatalytic processes.
Recent advances in pillar‐layered metal‐organic frameworks with interpenetrated and non‐interpenetrated topologies as supercapacitor electrodes
Authors: Hong Ye , Wang Yuting , Guo Yuxuan , Wang Kuaibing , Wu Hua , Zhang Cheng , Zhang Qichun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMetal‐Organic Frameworks (MOFs), one type of porous materials with designable and tunable structures, are being actively studied as electrode materials in the supercapacitors (SCs) field. During the recent decade, various MOFs branches with special shapes and topological architectures have been studied. Among them, the pillar‐layered MOFs, the particular two‐dimensional (2D) frameworks, have gained much attention in energy‐storage fields. From the perspective of spatial topology, pillar‐layered MOFs can be divided into interpenetrating and non‐interpenetrating MOFs. These two MOFs with remarkable structures play different positive roles in SCs. In this review, we will focus on summarizing the current development of pillar‐layered MOFs from the two aspects: interpenetration and non‐interpenetration. Moreover, the strategies to improve the electrochemical performance of pillar‐layered MOFs as electrode materials are also discussed. We hope that this review could provide researchers with some new guidelines to develop high‐performance, energy‐saving and environmentally‐friendly MOF‐based materials for SCs in the future.
Bulk-Fitness Measurements Using Barcode Sequencing Analysis in Yeast
Authors: Chochinov Claire A. , Nguyen Ba Alex N. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe use of DNA barcodes for determining changes in genotype frequencies has been instrumental to increase the scale at which we can phenotype strain libraries by using next-generation sequencing technologies. Here, we describe the determination of strain fitness for thousands of yeast strains simultaneously in a single assay using recent innovations that increase the precision of these measurements, such as the inclusion of unique-molecular identifiers (UMIs) and purification by solid-phase reverse immobilization (SPRI) beads.
N-Substituted 4-sulfamoylbenzoic acid derivatives as inhibitors of cytosolic phospholipase A2α
Authors: Borecki Daniel , Lehr Matthias 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe N,N-disubstituted 4-sulfamoylbenzoic acid derivative 3, which was found to be an inhibitor of cytosolic phospholipase A2α (cPLA2α) with micromolar activity in a ligand-based virtual screening approach, was structurally modified to increase its enzyme inhibitory potency. Replacing the substituents on the sulfonamide nitrogen with other residues such as naphthyl, naphthylmethyl, indolylalkyl and differently substituted phenyl moieties did not lead to a significant increase in activity. Only strong structural convergence to the potent known benzhydrylindole-substituted benzoic acid derivatives that had served as templates in the virtual screening resulted in compounds with considerable potency. Thus, the sulfamoyl benzoic acid derivatives 85 and 88 showed submicromolar IC50 values against cPLA2α.
Orthopaedic, trauma surgery, and Covid-2019 pandemic: clinical panorama and future prospective in Europe
Authors: Migliorini Filippo , Weber Christian David , Pappalardo Geatano , Schenker Hanno , Hofmann Ulf Krister , Eschweiler Joerg , Hildebrand Frank 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
This study investigated the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic in Europe on consultations, surgeries, and traumas in the field of orthopaedic and trauma surgery. Strategies to resume the clinical activities were also discussed.

Methods
This systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: the 2020 PRISMA statement. All the comparative studies reporting data on the impact of Covid-19 in the field of orthopaedic and trauma surgery in Europe were accessed. Only comparative clinical studies which investigated the year 2020 versus 2019 were eligible.

Results
57 clinical investigations were included in the present study. Eight studies reported a reduction of the orthopaedic consultations, which decreased between 20.9 and 90.1%. Seven studies reported the number of emergency and trauma consultations, which were decreased between 37.7 and 74.2%. Fifteen studies reported information with regard to the reasons for orthopaedic and trauma admissions. The number of polytraumas decreased between 5.6 and 77.1%, fractures between 3.9 and 63.1%. Traffic accidents admissions dropped by up to 88.9%, and sports-related injuries dropped in a range of 59.3% to 100%. The overall reduction of the surgical interventions ranged from 5.4 to 88.8%.

Conclusion
The overall trend of consultations, surgeries, and rate of traumas and fragility fractures appear to decrease during the 2020 European COVID pandemic compared to the pre-pandemic era. Given the heterogeneities in the clinical evidence, results from the present study should be considered carefully.

Level of evidence
Level IV, systematic review.
Profilanalyse ambulanter Patienten einer geriatrischen Spezialsprechstunde
Authors: Rohde Jörg Martin , Kunnel Asha , Becker Ingrid , Unger Heinz L. , Hummel Jana , Röhrig-Herzog Gabriele 
Published: May 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
In Deutschland werden multimorbide geriatrische Patienten primär beim Hausarzt versorgt. Regionale Modelle für eine ergänzende ambulante geriatrische Betreuung wurden entwickelt, sind aber bisher weder evaluiert noch etabliert. Auch ist noch unklar, wann ein Patient zur geriatrischen Diagnostik eher stationär oder eher ambulant fachärztlich gesehen werden sollte. Die vorliegende Untersuchung zielt auf eine Profilerstellung ambulanter geriatrischer Patienten ab, um Unterscheidungsmerkmale zu finden, die eine Abgrenzung gegenüber stationär geriatrischen Patienten erlauben.

Methode
Retrospektiver Vergleich ambulanter Patientendaten einer geriatrischen Spezialsprechstunde mit stationären Patientendaten einer benachbarten Akutgeriatrie aus dem gleichen Zeitraum; Patienten wurden hausärztlich über- bzw. eingewiesen; Studienparameter: Elemente des geriatrischen Assessments, Ergebnisse routinemäßiger Laboruntersuchungen.

Ergebnisse
Die ambulanten Patienten waren weniger funktionell eingeschränkt. Regressionsanalyse: besserer Barthel-Index, höhere GFR und normwertiges Gesamteiweiß erhöhten Chance auf ambulante Behandlung.

Schlussfolgerung
Durch eine frühzeitige Identifizierung geriatrischer Patienten, die ambulant betreut werden können, besteht die Möglichkeit, Hausärzte durch interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit zu entlasten und den kostenintensiven Drehtüreffekt zu verhindern.