bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phytolith occluded organic carbon in Fagopyrum (Polygonaceae) plants: Insights on the carbon sink potential of cultivated buckwheat planting
Authors: Wang Linjiao , Sheng Maoyin 
Published: November 2022

Crop cultivation has great potential to result in a phytolith carbon sink and can play important roles in the long-term stable carbon sequestration of terrestrial ecosystems. Buckwheat, an important multigrain crop with a very long cultivation history, is widely planted around the world. The phytolith carbon sink potential of buckwheat planting is still limited in the in-depth understanding of biogeochemical carbon sequestration in croplands. In order to estimate the phytolith carbon sink potential of buckwheat planting, in the present study, six species including 17 populations of Fagopyrum plants were selected as study materials. Firstly, their phytoliths were extracted using the wet oxidation method; then, the phytolith-occluded organic carbon (PhytOC) contents were determined using the spectrophotometry method; finally, the phytolith carbon sink potential of buckwheat planting was estimated. Results showed the following: 1) The PhytOC content range of the six Fagopyrum species studied was 0.006%~0.038%, which was significantly lower than that of rice, wheat, sugarcane, and some cereal and oil crops. There were significant differences in total silicon, phytolith, and PhytOC content of Fagopyrum plants among the different species, different organs (root, stem, and leaf), and different living forms (annual, partly perennial, and completely perennial). There were significant positive relationships between PhytOC and phytolith content and between phytolith and total silicon content. 2) The average phytolith carbon sequestration rate of Fagopyrum esculentum and Fagopyrum tataricum planting was 2.62 × 10-3 and 1.17 × 10-3 t CO2 hm-2·a-1, respectively, being approximately equal to that of terrestrial shrub vegetation. 3) The global total amount of phytolith carbon sequestration of buckwheat planting reached 5,102.09 t CO2 in 2018, and the Chinese total amount of phytolith carbon sequestration of buckwheat cultivation was 624.79 t CO2 in 2020. The phytolith carbon sink of buckwheat planting had significant potential for playing obvious roles in the carbon cycle. The present results are of great significance in crop phytolith studies and provide important references for phytolith carbon sink potential estimation of farmland ecosystems.
A preliminary study of comprehensive behavioral intervention for tics in Chinese children with chronic tic disorder or Tourette syndrome
Authors: Xu Wen , Ding Qiang , Zhao Ying , Jiang Wenqing , Han Jingjing , Sun Jinhua 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveTo investigate the adaptability of Comprehensive Behavioral Intervention for Tics (CBIT) for a Chinese population, and evaluate the efficacy of combined CBIT and pharmacotherapy (CBIT + PT) compared to CBIT or pharmacotherapy (PT) alone for reducing tics and for improving the quality of life (QoL) in a sample of Chinese children with chronic tic disorders (CTD) and Tourette syndrome (TS).Materials and methodsIn this 10-week randomized controlled pilot trial, 37 outpatients aged between 6 and 16 years affected by TS and CTD were randomly assigned to receive CBIT (n = 22) or PT alone (n = 15). Considering the feasibility, the patients allocated to the CBIT treatment group could further choose whether to simultaneously take medicine voluntarily, resulting in a CBIT alone group (n = 12) and a CBIT + PT group (n = 10).ResultsAt baseline, no significant difference was found between the three groups in the demographic and clinical characteristics (p &gt; 0.05). All three groups showed a significant reduction in tic severity after treatment assessed by the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) severity score [F(2,33) = 35.05, p &lt; 0.001, ηp2 = 0.51], the score of the Clinical Global Impression scale for Improvement (CGI-I) [F(1,34) = 13.87, p = 0.001, ηp2 = 0.29], and YGTSS impairment score [F(2,33) = 31.71, p &lt; 0.001, ηp2 = 0.48]. Significant interactions were found between the time-point and group in emotional functioning [F(2,29) = 4.39, p = 0.02, ηp2 = 0.23], psychosocial functioning [F(2,29) = 5.93, p = 0.007, ηp2 = 0.29], and total QoL score [F(1,34) = 3.72, p = 0.04, ηp2 = 0.20] of Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL 4.0) for children suggesting a significantly larger improvement in emotional functioning, psychosocial functioning, and total QoL score of the life quality in the CBIT group for children self-report. PedsQL for proxy report only showed a significant main effect of time-point in physical functioning [F(1,33) = 8.35, p = 0.01, ηp2 = 0.2], emotional functioning [F(1,33) = 10.75, p = 0.002, ηp2 = 0.25], psychosocial functioning [F(1,34) = 11.38, p = 0.002, ηp2 = 0.26], and total Qol score [F(1,34) = 13.21, p = 0.001, ηp2 = 0.29].ConclusionCBIT is probably effective in reducing tic severity in Chinese children with tic disorders. CBIT + PT may not be superior to CBIT alone in reducing tic severity and improving quality of life. CBIT alone showed advantages in improving quality of life over CBIT + PT and PT alone. CBIT might be an appropriate treatment option for patients with tic disorder in Chinese mainland.
Patterns of distress and psychosocial support 2 years post-displacement following a natural disaster in a lower middle income country
Authors: Nzayisenga Emmanuel , Chan Chim W. , Roome Amanda B. , Therrien Ann-Sophie , Sinclair Isabelle , Taleo George , Tarivonda Len , Tosiro Bev , Malanga Max , Tagaro Markleen , Obed Jimmy , Iaruel Jerry , Olszowy Kathryn M. , Dancause Kelsey N. 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundDisplacement due to natural disaster exposure is a major source of distress, and disproportionately affects people in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Public mental health resources following natural disasters and displacement are often limited in LMICs. In 2017, the population of one island in Vanuatu, a lower-middle income country, was displaced due to volcanic activity. Following the launch of a public mental health policy in 2009, psychosocial support interventions are increasingly available, providing an opportunity to assess relationships with distress following displacement.Methods440 people contributed data. We assessed distress using a local adaptation of the Impact of Event Scale-Revised, and types of psychosocial support available and received, including from health professionals, support groups, and traditional networks such as chiefs, traditional healers, and church leaders. We analyzed relationships between distress and psychosocial support, controlling for sociodemographic covariates.ResultsProfessional and group support was reported available by 86.8–95.1% of participants. Traditional support networks were widely used, especially by men. Availability of professional support predicted lower distress among men (p &lt; 0.001) and women (p = 0.015) (ηp2 = 0.026–0.083). Consulting church leaders for psychosocial support was associated with higher distress among men (p = 0.026) and women (p = 0.023) (ηp2 = 0.024–0.031). Use of professional and group support was lower than reported availability.DiscussionIncreased collaboration between professional and traditional support networks could help respond to mental health needs following natural disasters in LMICs with limited infrastructure. Providing training and resources to church leaders might be a specific target for improvement. Promoting use of available services represents a continued public health need.
Identification of high-risk factors for prehospital delay for patients with stroke using the risk matrix methods
Authors: Gao Zihan , Liu Qinqin , Yang Li , Zhu Xuemei 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundStroke has become a leading cause of mortality and adult disability in China. The key to treating acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is to open the obstructed blood vessels as soon as possible and save the ischemic penumbra. However, the thrombolytic rate in China is only 2.5%. Research has been devoted to investigating the causes of prehospital delay, but the exact controllable risk factors for prehospital delay remain uncertain, and a consensus is lacking. We aimed to develop a risk assessment tool to identify the most critical risk factors for prehospital delay for AIS patients.MethodsFrom November 2018 to July 2019, 450 patients with AIS were recruited. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected. The Delphi technique was used to obtain expert opinions about the importance of the risk indices in two rounds of Delphi consultation. Then, we used the risk matrix to identify high-risk factors for prehospital delay for AIS patients.ResultsThe risk matrix identified the following five critical risk factors that account for prehospital delay after AIS: living in a rural area; no bystanders when stroke occurs; patients and their families lacking an understanding of the urgency of stroke treatment; patients and their families not knowing that stroke requires thrombolysis or that there is a thrombolysis time window; and the patient self-medicating, unaware of the seriousness of the symptoms, and waiting for spontaneous remission.ConclusionsThe risk analysis tool used during this study may help prevent prehospital delays for patients with AIS.
A moodle course to substitute resuscitation teaching in a medical curriculum during the COVID-19 pandemic: A prospective pilot study
Authors: Ettl Florian , Schriefl Christoph , Grafeneder Jürgen , Thallner Dominik Gabriel , Mueller Matthias , Fischer Eva , Schlegel Raphael , Sigmund Thorsten , Holzer Michael , Schnaubelt Sebastian 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundFace-to-face medical education was restricted during the COVID-19 pandemic, leading to alternative teaching methods. Moodle® (Modular Object-Oriented Dynamic Learning Environment) – an online course format – has not yet been sufficiently evaluated for its feasibility and effectiveness in teaching cardiopulmonary resuscitation.MethodsMedical students in the eighth semester took part in a Moodle® course teaching basic life support, the ABCDE-approach, airway management, and advanced life support. The content was presented using digital background information and interactive videos. A multiple-choice test was conducted at the beginning and at the end of the course. Subjective ratings were included as well.ResultsOut of 594 students, who were enrolled in the online course, 531 could be included in this study. The median percentage of correctly answered multiple-choice test questions increased after completing the course [78.9%, interquartile range (IQR) 69.3–86.8 vs. 97.4%, IQR 92.1–100, p &lt; 0.001]. There was no gender difference in the median percentage of correctly answered questions before (female: 79.8%, IQR 70.2–86.8, male: 78.1%, IQR 68.4–86.8, p = 0.412) or after (female: 97.4%, IQR 92.1–100, male: 96.5%, IQR 92.6–100, p = 0.233) the course. On a 5-point Likert scale, 78.7% of students self-reported ≥4 when asked for a subjective increase in knowledge. Noteworthy, on a 10-point Likert scale, male students self-reported their higher confidence in performing CPR [female 6 (5–7), male 7 (6–8), p &lt; 0.001].ConclusionThe Moodle® course led to a significant increase in theoretical knowledge. It proved to be a feasible substitute for face-to-face courses – both objectively and subjectively.
Acceptability of an internet-delivered intervention for adjustment disorder and its role as predictor of efficacy
Authors: Rachyla Iryna , Mor Sonia , Botella Cristina , Castilla Diana , Quero Soledad 
Published: November 2022

Background: Internet-delivered interventions offer a feasible way to facilitate access to mental healthcare and considerable evidence supports their effectiveness for the treatment of different mental disorders. However, potential users’ attitudes toward these interventions are crucial for their successful implementation. A better understanding of factors related to treatment acceptance and adherence is required to exploit the full potential of internet interventions. Hence, the aim of the present work was to analyze the acceptability of a therapist-guided internet-delivered CBT intervention for adjustment disorder and its impact on treatment outcomes.Methods: The acceptability was estimated from the acceptance to participate in the randomized controlled trial addressed to explore the effectiveness of the internet intervention in question. Other indicators of acceptability were treatment adherence, expectations, satisfaction, and opinion reported by 34 participants from the trial.Results: Willingness to try an internet intervention was observed and 76.5% of participants completed all seven treatment modules. Less positive initial expectations did not reduce treatment effectiveness, yet they might have led to treatment abandonment. Overall, participants were satisfied with the internet intervention and perceived it as a useful, comfortable and attractive way of receiving psychological assistance. Treatment modules aimed at promoting identification with the treatment goals, relapse prevention, and change in the meaning of the stressor were found to be related to posttraumatic growth and increase in positive affect and quality of life. Participants also expressed that the intervention required considerable motivation. In this regard, therapeutic support was perceived as an important adherence facilitator.Conclusion: The findings from this work support the suitability of internet interventions for the treatment of adjustment disorder. However, further research is required in order to develop guidelines for the design of more attractive and engaging internet interventions.
Posterior hemivertebra resection and reconstruction for the correction of old AO type B2.3 thoracic fracture kyphosis: A case report
Authors: Meng Fanchao , Zhang Xun , Chen Tiantian , Li Zhao , Fang Yushi , Zhao Wei , Xu Jiaxing 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundPost-traumatic malunion is one of the main causes of kyphosis and usually has serious consequences. We report a case of kyphosis caused by an old AO type B2.3 thoracic fracture, which was corrected with posterior hemivertebra resection and reconstruction.Case presentationA 41-year-old male was diagnosed with kyphosis caused by an old AO type B2.3 thoracic fracture. Preoperative examination and preparation were performed. His exam images showed a comminuted fracture in the left half of the T12 vertebral body, while chance-type fractures were seen in the right half of T12 vertebral body and its accessories. During the operation, posterior hemivertebra resection and reconstruction techniques were used to remove nearly half of the left vertebral body of the affected vertebra, preserve the right vertebral body and the facet joints of the affected vertebra, correct the kyphosis, and rebuild spinal stability. The patient's low back pain was completely relieved, and his thoracic kyphosis was corrected at the seventh post-operative day. CT reconstruction of the spine showed that the residual vertebrae healed well during his nine- and 18-month follow-ups. Continuous callus formation was observed inside and outside of the titanium cage at the reconstructed site, and there was no sign of subsidence of the titanium cage. The heights between the vertebrae were restored to within normal ranges and the physiological curvature of the thoracolumbar spine was achieved. The patient recovered well.ConclusionThis operation preserved the hemivertebral body and facet joints, and maintains intervertebral height and local stability, thus avoiding titanium cage collapse, titanium cage movement, and other complications. This surgical approach is ideal for treating complex thoracic vertebral kyphosis caused by old fractures, and is worth utilizing in the clinic.
The CRK5 and WRKY53 Are Conditional Regulators of Senescence and Stomatal Conductance in Arabidopsis
Authors: Burdiak Paweł , Mielecki Jakub , Gawroński Piotr , Karpiński Stanisław 
Published: November 2022

In Arabidopsis thaliana, cysteine-rich receptor-like kinases (CRKs) constitute a large group of membrane-localized proteins which perceive external stimuli and transduce the signal into the cell. Previous reports based on their loss-of-function phenotypes and expression profile support their role in many developmental and stress-responsive pathways. Our study revealed that one member of this family, CRK5, acts as a negative regulator of leaf aging. Enrichment of the CRK5 promoter region in W-box cis-elements demonstrated that WRKY transcription factors control it. We observed significantly enhanced WRKY53 expression in crk5 and reversion of its early-senescence phenotype in the crk5 wrky53 line, suggesting a negative feedback loop between these proteins antagonistically regulating chlorophyll a and b contents. Yeast-two hybrid assay showed further that CRK5 interacts with several proteins involved in response to water deprivation or calcium signaling, while gas exchange analysis revealed a positive effect of CRK5 on water use efficiency. Consistent with that, the crk5 plants showed disturbed foliar temperature, stomatal conductance, transpiration, and increased susceptibility to osmotic stress. These traits were fully or partially reverted to wild-type phenotype in crk5 wrky53 double mutant. Obtained results suggest that WRKY53 and CRK5 are antagonistic regulators of chlorophyll synthesis/degradation, senescence, and stomatal conductance.
Development and Chemical-Sensory Characterization of Chickpeas-Based Beverages Fermented with Selected Starters
Authors: Mefleh Marina , Faccia Michele , Natrella Giuseppe , De Angelis Davide , Pasqualone Antonella , Caponio Francesco , Summo Carmine 
Published: November 2022

Legume protein ingredients are receiving continuous interest for their potential to formulate plant-based dairy analogs. In this study, a legume-based slurry was produced from an Apulian black chickpeas (BCP) protein concentrate and fermented with three starter cultures, Streptococcus thermophilus (ST), a co-culture of ST with Lactococcus lactis (STLL) and a co-culture of ST with Lactobacillus plantarum (STLP). The effect of fermentation on the biochemical, texture and sensorial parameters was evaluated. The same beverage without inoculum was used as a control (CTRL). All the obtained fermented beverages were characterized by high protein (120.00 g kg−1) and low-fat contents (17.12 g kg−1). Fermentation contributed to a decrease in the contents of phytic acid by 10 to 79% and saturated fatty acids by 30 to 43%, with the STLP fermentation exercising the major effect. The three culture starters influenced the texture and sensorial attributes and the profile of the volatile compounds differently. Fermentation increased the lightness, consistency, cohesivity and viscosity of the formulated beverages. On a sensorial level, STLL had a major effect on the acidity, sourness and astringency, while both ST and STLP affected the creaminess, solubility and stickiness. Legumes and grass aromas were masked in LAB-fermented samples, probably due to a new VOC formation. The functional properties of LAB fermentation, along with the high protein content of the black chickpeas concentrate, provide the opportunity to formulate a clean label and safe plant-based fermented beverage with higher nutritional value compared to the others currently found in the market.
Dose-Dependent Cytotoxicity of Polypropylene Microplastics (PP-MPs) in Two Freshwater Fishes
Authors: Bobori Dimitra C. , Feidantsis Konstantinos , Dimitriadi Anastasia , Datsi Nefeli , Ripis Panagiotis , Kalogiannis Stavros , Sampsonidis Ioannis , Kastrinaki Georgia , Ainali Nina Maria , Lambropoulou Dimitra A. , Kyzas George Z. , Koumoundouros George , Bikiaris Dimitrios N. , Kaloyianni Martha 
Published: November 2022

The massive accumulation of plastics over the decades in the aquatic environment has led to the dispersion of plastic components in aquatic ecosystems, invading the food webs. Plastics fragmented into microplastics can be bioaccumulated by fishes via different exposure routes, causing several adverse effects. In the present study, the dose-dependent cytotoxicity of 8–10 μm polypropylene microplastics (PP-MPs), at concentrations of 1 mg/g (low dose) and 10 mg/g dry food (high dose), was evaluated in the liver and gill tissues of two fish species, the zebrafish (Danio rerio) and the freshwater perch (Perca fluviatilis). According to our results, the inclusion of PP-MPs in the feed of D. rerio and P. fluviatilis hampered the cellular function of the gills and hepatic cells by lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, protein ubiquitination, apoptosis, autophagy, and changes in metabolite concentration, providing evidence that the toxicity of PP-MPs is dose dependent. With regard to the individual assays tested in the present study, the biggest impact was observed in DNA damage, which exhibited a maximum increase of 18.34-fold in the liver of D. rerio. The sensitivity of the two fish species studied differed, while no clear tissue specificity in both fish species was observed. The metabolome of both tissues was altered in both treatments, while tryptophan and nicotinic acid exhibited the greatest decrease among all metabolites in all treatments in comparison to the control. The battery of biomarkers used in the present study as well as metabolomic changes could be suggested as early-warning signals for the assessment of the aquatic environment quality against MPs. In addition, our results contribute to the elucidation of the mechanism induced by nanomaterials on tissues of aquatic organisms, since comprehending the magnitude of their impact on aquatic ecosystems is of great importance.
Las prácticas de enseñanza de economía en escuelas secundarias de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires durante el aislamiento
Authors: Lo Cascio Jorge 
Published: November 2022

El trabajo busca aportar evidencias respecto a “cómo” se enseña economía en la escuela secundaria. Para ello se describen las prácticas de enseñanza de docentes de economía en escuelas secundarias de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires en el contexto institucional, de clase y para un grupo de estudiantes determinado. El desarrollo de la investigación coincidió con la emergencia sanitaria por COVID-19 y la decisión gubernamental de continuar con el dictado de clases sin presencialidad. De este modo, se procedió a reconstruir las prácticas de enseñanza durante el aislamiento mediante la utilización de una encuesta autoadministrada y entrevistas semiestructuradas.
En la investigación emergió una reconfiguración de las estructuras y organizaciones de las clases sin presencialidad donde es posible reconocer tres escenarios que combinan espacios, tiempos, frecuencias y medios de comunicación. Un primer grupo se caracteriza por emular la presencialidad mediante la recreación de un aula presencial en plataformas de reuniones virtuales. Un segundo grupo se caracteriza por diferenciar la enseñanza, dado que el aula virtual fracasa por escasa participación de estudiantes y se establecen propuestas diferenciadas. Un tercer grupo se define por prácticas asincrónicas, lo cual deriva en un difuso espacio de clase con reducidas y acotadas interacciones entre docentes y estudiantes.