bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the issue of torsion of inhomogeneous rods under the influence of external pressure
Authors: Миронов Борис Гурьевич , Миронов Юрий Борисович 
Published: January 2022

Работа посвящена исследованию кручения неоднородных стержней из идеального жесткопластического материала, находящихся под действием переменного внешнего давления линейно меняющегося вдоль образующей стержня. Определены основные соотношения теории кручения исследуемых стержней. Найдены характеристики основных соотношений и определены соотношения вдоль характеристик. В работе получены интегралы основных соотношений при различных условиях предельного состояния стержня.
The work is devoted to the investigation of the torsion of inhomogeneous rods made of ideal hard-plastic material under the action of variable external pressure linearly varying along the generatrix rod. The basic relations of the theory of torsion of the investigated rods. The characteristics of the basic relations are found and relationships along characteristics. The integrals of the basic ratios under different conditions of the limiting state of the bar
L’Élysée, maison militaire : une dimension ancienne, devenue politique
Authors: Vial Philippe 
Published: January 2022

Construit pour un officier général, l’hôtel d’Évreux a ensuite été remanié par un maréchal d’Empire, puis un empereur. La décoration de l’Élysée, son onomastique, conservent la mémoire de cette dimension guerrière devenue graduellement politico-militaire. Cette évolution trouve son équivalent dans la transformation de la « maison militaire ». Institution d’essence monarchique, celle-ci est de nouveau activée à partir de 1872, quand le Palais redevient la résidence officielle du président de la République. Après 1958, la présence des militaires à l’Élysée prend une importance inédite, notamment avec l’instauration d’un état-major particulier du président, désormais « chef des armées ».
The Location Consistency Index Helps to Distinguish Eyes With Subclinical Keratoconus From Normal Eyes
Authors: Wang Mengyi , Shi Ce , Zhou Yuheng , Ye Yufeng , Fan Xin , Huang Huimin , Yu Xiangle , Lu Fan , Shen Meixiao 
Published: January 2022

PURPOSE:
To develop a novel index that combines the locations and magnitudes of corneal alterations to improve discrimination of eyes with subclinical keratoconus from normal eyes.

METHODS:
A Scheimpflug-based tomography system was used to image 252 eyes (normal: 78 eyes, subclinical keratoconus: 71 eyes, and keratoconus: 103 eyes) of 252 patients from two clinical centers. Coordinates and magnitudes of the maximum corneal protrusion alterations were extracted from curvature, elevation, and pachymetry maps. A location consistency index (LCI) was calculated from the Euclidean distances among these locations. A logistic regression model, named the location consistency enhanced score (LCES), which combined the LCI and the magnitudes of these maximum alterations, was trained and tested in two different datasets.

RESULTS:

The LCI in eyes with subclinical keratoconus was 7.8 ± 2.6 µm, which was significantly different from that in normal eyes (11.8 ± 3.9 µm) and eyes with keratoconus (5.8 ± 2.4 µm) (all
P
< .001). The LCI could differentiate eyes with subclinical keratoconus from normal eyes with a sensitivity of 67.6%, specificity of 83.3%, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.81. Combining the magnitudes of these maximum alterations with the LCI for the LCES yielded a sensitivity of 90.0% and a specificity of 74.4% for differentiating eyes with subclinical keratoconus from normal eyes (AUC: 0.91).

CONCLUSIONS:
The LCI can assist in differentiating eyes with subclinical keratoconus from normal eyes. The LCES is a potential new index to assist in a confirmatory test of eyes with subclinical keratoconus.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2022;38(1):35–42.]
Visual and Refractive Outcomes Following SMILE to Correct Myopia Performed by Surgeons in Training
Authors: Ramirez-Miranda Arturo , Mangwani-Mordani Simran , Hernandez-Bogantes Erick , Abdala-Figuerola Alexandra , Olivo-Payne Andrew , Larrea Jaime , Navas Alejandro , Graue-Hernandez Enrique O. 
Published: January 2022

PURPOSE:
To assess visual outcomes and complications following small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) performed by cornea fellows under the supervision of experienced surgeons.

METHODS:
This retrospective, noncomparative case series was designed to assess outcomes following SMILE procedures performed at a large surgical center by cornea fellows between May 1, 2012 and March 30, 2015. Preoperative and postoperative uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), preoperative and postoperative corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), spherical equivalent (SE) up to −10.00 diopters (D), and complications were recorded.

RESULTS:
A total of 114 patients (228 eyes) met the inclusion criteria. The mean preoperative SE was −5.79 ± 1.95 D (range: −1.75 to −10.00 D) and the mean cylinder was −2.21 ± 1.43 D (range: 0.00 to −5.50 D). At the last follow-up visit (average: 6.4 months), 94% of the patients achieved a UDVA of 20/30 or better and 96% of the patients achieved stability in their vision. Adverse events were encountered in 40 eyes (17.5%), with epithelial defect being the most common. Two patients required a second intervention to improve visual outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS:
SMILE performed by cornea fellows under the supervision of an experienced surgeon is an effective and safe refractive procedure with a short learning curve and excellent visual outcomes.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2022;38(1):28–34.]
Grass Carp Reovirus Nonstructural Proteins Avoid Host Antiviral Immune Response by Targeting the RLR Signaling Pathway
Authors: Zhang Jie , Man Wu Xiao , Fang Qin , Bi Yong Hong , Nie Pin , Chang Ming Xian 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Grass carp reovirus (GCRV) is a highly virulent RNA virus that mainly infects grass carp and causes hemorrhagic disease. The roles of nonstructural proteins NS38 and NS80 of GCRV-873 in the viral replication cycle and viral inclusion bodies have been established. However, the strategies that NS38 and NS80 used to avoid host antiviral immune response are still unknown. In this study, we report the negative regulations of NS38 and NS80 on the RIG-I–like receptors (RLRs) antiviral signaling pathway and the production of IFNs and IFN-stimulated genes. First, both in the case of overexpression and GCRV infection, NS38 and NS80 inhibited the IFN promoter activation induced by RIG-I, MDA5, MAVS, TBK1, IRF3, and IRF7 and mRNA abundance of key antiviral genes involved in the RLR-mediated signaling. Second, both in the case of overexpression and GCRV infection, NS38 interacted with piscine TBK1 and IRF3, but not with piscine RIG-I, MDA5, MAVS, and TNF receptor–associated factor (TRAF) 3. Whereas NS80 interacted with piscine MAVS, TRAF3, and TBK1, but not with piscine RIG-I, MDA5, and IRF3. Finally, both in the case of overexpression and GCRV infection, NS38 inhibited the formation of the TBK1-IRF3 complex, but NS80 inhibited the formation of the TBK1-TRAF3 complex. Most importantly, NS38 and NS80 could hijack piscine TBK1 and IRF3 into the cytoplasmic viral inclusion bodies and inhibit the translocation of IRF3 into the nucleus. Collectively, all of these data demonstrate that GCRV nonstructural proteins can avoid host antiviral immune response by targeting the RLR signaling pathway, which prevents IFN-stimulated gene production and facilitates GCRV replication.
Video Consultation Versus In-Person Clinic Visit for Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes during COVID-19 Pandemic (VIP-CD Study)
Authors: Dutta Aditya , Mahendru Shama , Sharma Rutuja , Singh Anshu , Jain Anjali , Jevalikar Ganesh , Mithal Ambrish 
Published: January 2022

Objectives:To compare the efficacy of video consultation (VC) for prospective glycemic control against that of in-person clinic visit (IPV) in individuals with type 2 diabetes.Materials and Methods:This is a retrospective, cohort study of 96 individuals with type 2 diabetes followed up for a period of ≤6 months. The cohort was divided into two groups depending on the mode of consultation, namely IPV (n= 48) and VC (n= 48). Baseline and follow-up characteristics including glycemic profile and lipid profile were compared.Results:The cohort had a mean age of 55.4 ± 13.8 years, median diabetes duration of 8 (0.3-70) years, a mean body mass index (BMI) of 28.8 ± 5.8 kg/m2, 44 (46.3%) females, and uncontrolled hyperglycemia (HbA1c 8.7% ± 1.9%). Both groups were adequately matched at baseline. At the time of first visit, cessation of previous medications was more frequent in the IPV group (37.5% vs 8.3%;P= 0.001) than in the VC group. Follow-up was earlier in the VC group as compared to the IPV group (43.2 vs 87.9 days;P= 0.000). During the follow-up period, both groups had similar and adequate glycemic (mean HbA1c 7% ± 1%) and lipid profile control. Cox regression model showed that the VC group achieved glycemic control quicker as compared to the IPV group.Conclusions:Telemedicine is an effective mode of consultation for attaining glycemic control during COVID-19 pandemic, possibly owing to the quicker follow-up without the risk of potential in-clinic/hospital exposure to COVID-19.
One-Hour Postload Plasma Glucose in Obese Indian Adults with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: An Observational Study from North India
Authors: Jesrani Gautam , Gupta Monica , Kaur Jasbinder , Kaur Narinder , Lehl Sarabmeet S. , Singh Ram 
Published: January 2022

Background:Metabolic perturbations and hyperglycemia are increasingly identified as causal factors for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Insulin resistance, an indirect marker for initiation of NAFLD can be promptly diagnosed with standard oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). One-hour postOGTT plasma glucose measurement can have a significant impact on early identification of dysglycemia with NAFLD and may be superior to fasting and 2-hour plasma glucose.Objective:To assess 1-hour post OGTT plasma glucose levels and presence of NAFLD in obese adults.Materials and Methods:In this observational study, we included 101 consecutive obese (body mass index >25 kg/m2) participants of age 20–50 years without known illness of diabetes mellitus. Their anthropometric and laboratory characteristics were recorded and a standard OGTT was performed. Plasma glucose (PG) levels were measured during fasting, 1-hour (1-hour-PPG), and 2-hour (2-hour-PPG) intervals. All participants underwent ultrasound of the abdomen by a single, experienced observer for fatty liver (FL) grade assessment. Comparison of the PG and FL was done by the Chi-square test and aPvalue <0.05 was considered statistically significant with a 95% confidence interval. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 24.0 (IBM®SPSS Statistics Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA).Results:The result demonstrated that 53 adults had 1-hour-PPG values above the cutoff (≥155 mg/dl), whereas only 20 individuals had raised PG at 2 hours (≥140 mg/dl). All study subjects (100%) had an evidence of FL disease on ultrasound scan. Among these, 33 had grade I and 68 participants had grade II or III FL. About 41.6% of individuals had deranged 1-hour-PPG levels and higher FL grades as compared to 11.9% individuals with raised 2-hour-PPG values and FL of same grades. The relationship between 1-hour-PPG and FL grades was also statistically significant (Pvalue <0.05).Conclusions:1-hour-PPG levels were more deranged in obese adults without diabetes, and had more consistent and significant relationship with higher FL grades than the 2-hour-PPG levels.
An extremely rare tracheal tumor in coronavirus disease-2019 screening: Marginal zone lymphoma
Authors: Beyoglu Muhammet Ali , Sahin Furkan Mehmet , Albayrak Aynur , Yekeler Erdal 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
Mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma is extremely rare due to the scarcity of lymphoid tissue in the trachea. To date, approximately 20 cases of tracheal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma have been reported. This case report presents a primary tracheal extranodal marginal zone lymphoma case detected incidentally during the coronavirus disease-2019 screening.
Association of microRNA polymorphisms with gastric cancer risk in the North Chinese Han population
Authors: Xin Qian , Shan Shan , Ding E , Jin Mingxin , Li Bei , Li Jiangxia , Liu Qiji , Yi Cuihua , Li Jisheng 
Published: January 2022

Background and Aims:
MicroRNA (miRNA) was found as a class of endogenous, important regulators of gene expression and involved in the regulation of many biological processes such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation. Increasing studies have suggested that miR-146a, miR-196a2, and miR-499 play important roles in the development processes of gastric cancer (GC). The aim of our study is to investigate whether three common miRNA polymorphisms are associated with the susceptibility of GC.

Materials and Methods:
MiR-146a rs2910164 (G > C), miR-196a2 rs11614913 (C > T), and miR-499 rs3746444 (A > G) were genotyped by Taq-man assays in the present case–control study (386 patients, 341 controls). The associations between the selected miRNA single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the risk of GC were estimated by odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval using logistic regression analysis.

Results:
Our results showed that none of the three SNPs was associated with the risk of GC in allelic frequencies and multiple genetic models. Further stratified analysis with regard to clinical-pathological parameters of GC patients indicated that miR-146a rs2910164 SNP was strongly associated with age (OR = 0.53, P = 0.001) and gender (OR = 0.61, P = 0.006).

Conclusions:
The present study showed no association of the investigated miRNA SNPs with the risk of GC in the north Chinese population.
Inventory management practices in the blood bank of an institute of national importance in India
Authors: Mishra Siddharth , Daga Anoop , Gupta Anant 
Published: January 2022

Background:
The demand and supply gap in blood and components has always existed in healthcare facilities. Blood inventory management is crucial to meet the demand and to minimize wastage. This study explores the blood inventory management practices at the blood bank of an institute of national importance in India.

Methods:
The technicians of the blood bank were interviewed on the practices they followed on blood inventory management and records were reviewed where required.

Results:
Simple rule of thumb practices, the experience of staff, training, clear policy on stock keeping and allocation, daily stock review, record-keeping, monthly performance review, automation, adoption of information system, regular communications, and leadership emerged as factors contributing to inventory management.

Conclusion:
The blood bank follows simple procedures and relies on the experience of its staff to manage its inventory. Rigorous training, strict oldest-unit-first-out (OUFO)/first-in-first-out (FIFO) principle for stock management, stringent allocation policy, diligent record-keeping, daily stock review, and monthly performance reports were identified as the key drivers for inventory management. Other measures like regular preventive maintenance of equipment, robust blood bank information system, communication with stakeholders, and effective leadership were found to contribute indirectly to inventory management practices.
Family physician's perception towards virtual care during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Alakeel Reem A. , Alaithan Ali A. , Alokeil Nawaf , Kofi Mostafa 
Published: January 2022

Background:
The COVID-19 pandemic has ingendered a significant transition in medical practice towards an online model of care. Although virtual methods of service have been liberally used these past months, the precise level of satisfaction of physicians is important to understand the barriers that the service faced and the future of maintaining these models of patient care. This quantitative study aimed at measuring the satisfaction of family medicine physicians with virtual services while practising in Saudi Arabia during COVID-19 pandemic.

Design and Setting:
A questionnaire was distributed to participating physicians working in Saudi Arabia. Demographic, satisfaction, and thoughts on future applicability of online care was evaluated.

Results:
A total of 118 physicians responded to the questionnaire. Demographic values were mostly evenly distributed whereas mean satisfaction level during the pandemic was 77.53% ± 15.04. The only variable impacting levels of satisfaction was overall burden of work in number of different sites worked for on a weekly basis.

Conclusion:
The family medicine physicians who worked during the pandemic using virtual services were generally satisfied with the services. Future studies should evaluate the applicability of using these tools after the end of the pandemic.
Management patterns for skin aging among Saudi dermatologists
Authors: Almohideb Mohammad 
Published: January 2022

Background:
Skin aging is a complicated process affected by intrinsic, chronological, and extrinsic, environmental, determinants, and it is affected, to a large extent, by exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR). The present study aims to assess the antiaging treatment strategies in a real-world setting in Saudi Arabia.

Materials and Methods:
We conducted an online cross-sectional survey that was conducted from May 2020 to October 2020, involving all eligible dermatologists working at different academic, governmental, and private sectors in Saudi Arabia.

Results:
A total of 200 dermatologists were included in this study, of them, 33% were aged between 24–35 years. 28.5%, 25.5%, 24.5%, and 21.5% of the participants had 7–10, 4–6, >10, and 0–3 years of practice, respectively. Generally, 80 (40%) of the dermatologists reported that 10–20% of their patients consulting for antiaging, while 50 (25%) reported that 41–60% of their patients consulted for antiaging treatment. Cream products were preferred by 105 (52.5%) of the users. In general, 158 (79%) prescribe growth factors Post-procedures, while 29 (14.5), 24 (12%), and 22 (11%) prescribe them for under-eye dark circles, acne scars, and aging skin, respectively. 124 (62%) prefer to use it in combination with retinoids.

Conclusion:
The results of this survey indicate the fact that female patients and the age group 31-40 years old are more likely to seek skincare and antiaging therapy. Most dermatologists prescribed growth factors together with retinoids and only a small proportion of them used growth factors are antiaging modalities.
Efficacy of a local corticosteroid injection on pain, disability and radial nerve thickness in patients with lateral epicondylitis
Authors: Vasudeva Abhimanyu , Parihar Ritika , Neyaz Osama , Bharti Ajay , Handa Gita 
Published: January 2022

Introduction:
The aim of this study was to compare the effect of a steroid injection with conservative therapy (CT) versus CT alone on pain, functional limitations and the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the radial nerve (RN) in patients with lateral epicondylitis (LE).

Methods:
In this clinical trial, seventy subjects in the age group of 30–60 years with a clinical diagnosis of LE were recruited. Patients received an ultrasound-guided steroid injection and CT (Group A, n = 35) or CT alone (Group B, n = 35). Pain intensity (numeric pain rating scale), functional limitations (Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand questionnaire) and the CSA of RN (mm2) using ultrasound were assessed at baseline, 4 and 12 weeks.

Results:
There was a significant difference in pain intensity (P < 0.05) at 4 weeks in favour of Group A but not at 12 weeks. A statistically significant difference was not present favouring either group concerning disability at both the follow-ups. The difference in CSA of the RN at the affected side in both groups A and B was not statistically significant at either the spiral groove or the antecubital fossa at baseline or the subsequent follow-ups.

Conclusions:
The CT with a steroid injection proved to be more efficacious in the short term concerning pain intensity and functional limitations. The RN thickness is not increased in patients with LE, thereby refuting its role to some extent in the pathogenesis of LE.
Gaps in moderate plaque psoriasis management
Authors: Almohideb Mohammad , Almohideb Nora Abdulrahman 
Published: January 2022

Background:
There are many barriers that usually lead to under-treatment of moderate psoriasis patients, with subsequent unsatisfactory results and clinical outcomes.

Objective:
Given this lack of consistent guidelines on treating moderate plaque psoriasis patients, the aim of the current study is to define how Saudi dermatologists define and treat such cases in the real-world clinical setting.

Methods:
We conducted an online cross-sectional survey from May 2020 to October 2020, involving all eligible dermatologists working at different academic, governmental, and private sectors in Saudi Arabia.

Results:
Finally, a total of 260 dermatologists were included in the final analysis; out of them, 140 (53.8%) were males and 120 (46.2%) were females. Regarding the tools used by participating dermatologists for diagnosis of moderate psoriasis, most of the participants (86.5%) used Body Surface Area (BSA), 7.3% used Physician Global Assessment (PGA), and 6.2% used Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI). Cutoff scores for defining moderate psoriasis varied widely among surveyed dermatologists. The surveyed dermatologists reported that 46% of their patients with moderate plaque psoriasis were receiving biologics as their primary therapy, while 24.1% were receiving prescription topical treatment, 20.3% were receiving an oral systemic therapy, 4.9% were using over-the-counter topical treatment, and 4.7% were receiving phototherapy.

Conclusion:
There is a pervasive lack of consensus regarding the definition of moderate psoriasis, with reported wide ranges among the commonly used severity tools in psoriasis patients.
Are myths surrounding long-acting reversible contraception the reason for a huge unmet need for spacing pregnancies?
Authors: Anant Monika , Sinha Kajal , Agrawal Ananya 
Published: January 2022

Background:
Long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARC), a highly effective class of contraceptives, has a limited uptake by few couples due to lack of awareness, unavailability, and myths surrounding their application and side effects.

Aims:
This study was undertaken to understand and to clear myths of LARC among patients as well as to assess the knowledge, attitudes, practices, and preference.

Materials and Methods:
A hospital-based cross-sectional study using a semistructured questionnaire was conducted in the out-patient Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, in a tertiary level hospital in Eastern India. A total of 600 women responded to the structured validated questionnaire.

Results:
High prevalence of teenage marriages (64%), teenage pregnancies (44%), and unwanted pregnancy (41%) was noted among responders. The knowledge scores were low in 66.7%, moderate in 26.66%, and only 6.66% had high level >80% scores in the 15 questions about LARC methods. While 41% had a positive attitude to future use of LARC, a majority (59%) had a strong negative attitude due to many myths of genital tract infections, discharges, and cancer, changed menstrual bleeding patterns, delayed conception after discontinuation, and altered sexual functions. Out of those with a positive attitude, 21% of women had a preference for intrauterine devices, 19.5% of women for injectables, and only 0.5% of women preferred contraceptive implants. 24.5% of women had used LARC in their lifetime but a meager 5% were currently using them.

Conclusions:
The study shows that there is a huge unmet need for spacing contraceptive methods as childbearing spacing is not maintained. There were lack of correct knowledge and awareness, and numerous myths surrounding LARC methods.