bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the factors affecting violence among Iranian male adolescents
Authors: Solimannejad Tahereh , Ebrahimi Marziyeh , Solimannejad Mohamad 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIncreasing violence behaviors among high school adolescents affects different dimensions of the efficiency of educational institutions. The present qualitative research was conducted in 2021 to explain violence behaviors among male adolescents in Karaj, Iran. Twenty senior high school students were selected using purposive sampling with maximum variation. Individual semi-structured interviews conducted based on the participants’ experiences were analyzed in MAXQDA 2020. According to the model proposed by Strauss and Corbin, causal conditions comprised “economic challenges facing the family”, “academic apathy”, “seeking pleasure”, “self-other differentiation” and “family disorganization”, contextual conditions included “school inefficiency”, “environmental conditions” and “cultural diversity” and confounding conditions consisted of “peer pressure” and “puberty”. The strategies of adolescents with violent behaviors such as ignoring school rules and bullying can cause their humiliation, loss of ideal opportunities in life, punishment and rejection. “Violence as the collapse of individual and socio-familial capital” was labeled the core category of the present study. According to the present findings, violence in adolescents is affected by a multilevel mechanism based on social relationships. As a major obstacle to educational objectives, the violence emerging at school as a reliable and safe environment can spread to other social domains in the long run.
Pharmacokinetics of gefitinib in elderly patients with EGFR-mutated advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a prospective study
Authors: Nio Yuta , Ishida Hiroo , Matsumoto Natsumi , Kusumoto Sojiro , Kubota Yutaro , Tsunoda Takuya , Sasaki Yasutsuna , Fujita Ken-ichi 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Gefitinib is recommended as a first-line treatment option for elderly patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Because no pharmacokinetics of gefitinib have been examined, we prospectively assessed the pharmacokinetics of gefitinib in patients with epidermal growth factor receptor gene-mutated advanced NSCLC who were 75 years or older.

Methods
Gefitinib was orally administered once daily at a dose of 250 mg. The concentrations of gefitinib and its major metabolite O-desmethyl gefitinib in plasma were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. The area under the plasma concentration–time curve from time 0 to 48 h (AUC0–48) was calculated. Polymorphisms in CYP3A5, CYP2D6, ABCG2, ABCB1, and OATP1B1 were analyzed by direct sequencing.

Results
Eighteen patients with a median age of 80.5 years (range, 75–89) with adequate liver and kidney functions were examined. AUC0–48 values of gefitinib and O-desmethyl gefitinib in this population were 9.49 ± 3.5 and 10.6 ± 14 µM h, respectively. Compared to the gefitinib pharmacokinetics observed in a previous phase I study in Japan, systemic exposure to gefitinib in elderly patients was slightly higher than that in younger patients. Three patients experienced grade 3 diarrhea, increases in alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase levels 30 days after starting gefitinib treatment. The CYP2D6 genotype was associated with CYP2D6-mediated metabolism of gefitinib to O-desmethyl gefitinib.

Conclusions
We demonstrated for the first time the systemic exposure to gefitinib in elderly patients with NSCLC.
Trial registration: The study was registered with the University Hospital Medical Information Network-Clinical Trials Registry Japan (UMIN000026409) on November 8, 2013.
Extraosseous Ewing's sarcoma/peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumour of the kidney: a case report and literature review
Authors: Li Jing , Nie Fang , Li Yan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Extraosseous Ewing's sarcoma/peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumours(EWS/pPNETs) of the kidney are rare. Signs and symptoms are atypical in EWS patients. Presenting symptoms include haematuria, abdominal pain, or a palpable mass. A comprehensive review of the literature shows that it is difficult to make an accurate diagnosis based on physical examination alone. The imaging findings of EWS/pPNETs are nonspecific. We used contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) to diagnose an EWS/pPNET in our patient, which had never been reported previously to our knowledge.

Case presentation
This article reports the case of a 20-year-old female with an abdominal mass and gross haematuria for 1 month. The ultrasound revealed a hypoechoic mass with a clear margin at the lower pole in the left kidney. CEUS demonstrated signs of annular enhancement and heterogeneous enhancement of the tumour, and simultaneous wash-in was predominant. Computed tomography images showed an elliptical low-density tumour. The patient underwent a left kidney resection, and the pathological diagnosis was an EWS/pPNET. Twenty-one days after the kidney operation, the patient underwent 8 cycles of a CAV (vinorelbine, ifosfamide, epirubicin) + IE (isocyclophosphamide, etoposide) chemotherapy regimen. Subsequently, radiotherapy (dose: 45 Gy, radiation field:the tumour bed following surgical resection) was administered for nearly 30 days. The patient had no signs of local recurrence or metastasis within a follow-up of 4 years.

Conclusions
As a radiation-free, inexpensive, convenient, and repeatable examination method, ultrasound was the primary choice for kidney examination. Early CEUS was helpful to make an accurate diagnosis. Surgery and adjuvant radiation or chemotherapy administered in a timely manner can prevent further deterioration.
Psychosocial factors affecting the bereavement experience of relatives of palliative-stage cancer patients: a systematic review
Authors: Hasdenteufel Marie , Quintard Bruno 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and a cancer death is a major risk factor for pathological bereavement. This systematic review of the literature aimed to identify biopsychosocial and existential determinants specific to the palliative phase of cancer that influence the grieving experience of the caregiving relative.

Method
A systematic review of the literature was conducted without language or time restrictions. The Cairn, Cochrane Library, PubMed, PsycArticle, PsychInfo, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection databases were explored. All studies assessing pre- and post-death measures and focusing on friends and relatives caring for adults with cancer in palliative care services were included in the review.

Results
Out of 645 articles identified, 18 full text studies were finally included in our systematic review of the literature. Many factors specific to the cancer palliative phase were identified as influencing the bereavement experience of caregivers, with factors relating to: 1) the caregiver (e.g. social support, psychological burden, preparation for loss, action and discussion related to death); 2) the patient (e.g. denial or acceptance); 3) the interactions between patient and their caregivers (e.g. tensions, communication difficulties, and presence at the time of death); and 4) the end-of-life context. The caregiver's grief experience can be described by the following terms: typical and pathological grief, anxiety, depression, guilt, psychological distress, post-traumatic stress disorder and post-traumatic growth, and life satisfaction.

Conclusions
Many contextual, sociodemographic, dispositional and transactional factors specific to the palliative cancer phase are involved in the caregiver's grieving experience. Avenues for reflection and recommendations are proposed including supporting communication and patient-relative relationships, evaluating the nature and degree of functionality of coping strategies, strengthening the robustness of methodologies, considering impact of COVID-19, and new lines of enquiry for research.
Minimising population health loss in times of scarce surgical capacity: a modelling study for surgical procedures performed in nonacademic hospitals
Authors: van Alphen Anouk M. I. A. , van Hof Kira S. , Gravesteijn Benjamin Y. , Krijkamp Eline M. , Bakx Pieter A. G. M. , Langenbach Peter , Busschbach Jan J. , Lingsma Hester F. , Baatenburg de Jong Robert J. ,   Value Based Operation Room Triage team collaborators, Arends Arend , Haberkorn Brigitte , van Rossem Charles , van Ramshorst Gabrielle H. , de Graaff Han , Sleeboom Harm , Postema Jonne , van Scheltinga Josien Terwisscha , Valk-Kleibreuker Linda , Hoedt Marco , Baartmans Martin , Nieboer Mike , Faes Miriam , Oversier Nieke , Schep Niels , Schuitema Onno , MacLean Patricia , Schouwenberg Patrick , Koppel Paul ten , Bakx Pieter , Pouwels Sjaak , Raaff Suze , Nieboer Taco , van Dorp Tietse , Bosman Willem Maarten 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
The burden of the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a reduction of available health care capacity for regular care. To guide prioritisation of semielective surgery in times of scarcity, we previously developed a decision model to quantify the expected health loss due to delay of surgery, in an academic hospital setting. The aim of this study is to validate our decision model in a nonacademic setting and include additional elective surgical procedures.

Methods
In this study, we used the previously published three-state cohort state-transition model, to evaluate the health effects of surgery postponement for 28 surgical procedures commonly performed in nonacademic hospitals. Scientific literature and national registries yielded nearly all input parameters, except for the quality of life (QoL) estimates which were obtained from experts using the Delphi method. Two expert panels, one from a single nonacademic hospital and one from different nonacademic hospitals in the Netherlands, were invited to estimate QoL weights. We compared estimated model results (disability adjusted life years (DALY)/month of surgical delay) based on the QoL estimates from the two panels by calculating the mean difference and the correlation between the ranks of the different surgical procedures. The eventual model was based on the combined QoL estimates from both panels.

Results
Pacemaker implantation was associated with the most DALY/month of surgical delay (0.054 DALY/month, 95% CI: 0.025–0.103) and hemithyreoidectomy with the least DALY/month (0.006 DALY/month, 95% CI: 0.002–0.009). The overall mean difference of QoL estimates between the two panels was 0.005 (95% CI -0.014–0.004). The correlation between ranks was 0.983 (p < 0.001).

Conclusions
Our study provides an overview of incurred health loss due to surgical delay for surgeries frequently performed in nonacademic hospitals. The quality of life estimates currently used in our model are robust and validate towards a different group of experts. These results enrich our earlier published results on academic surgeries and contribute to prioritising a more complete set of surgeries.
Identification of herbal teas and their compounds eliciting antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro
Authors: Le-Trilling Vu Thuy Khanh , Mennerich Denise , Schuler Corinna , Sakson Roman , Lill Julia K. , Kasarla Siva Swapna , Kopczynski Dominik , Loroch Stefan , Flores-Martinez Yulia , Katschinski Benjamin , Wohlgemuth Kerstin , Gunzer Matthias , Meyer Folker , Phapale Prasad , Dittmer Ulf , Sickmann Albert , Trilling Mirko 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
The SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic has inflicted medical and socioeconomic havoc, and despite the current availability of vaccines and broad implementation of vaccination programs, more easily accessible and cost-effective acute treatment options preventing morbidity and mortality are urgently needed. Herbal teas have historically and recurrently been applied as self-medication for prophylaxis, therapy, and symptom alleviation in diverse diseases, including those caused by respiratory viruses, and have provided sources of natural products as basis for the development of therapeutic agents. To identify affordable, ubiquitously available, and effective treatments, we tested herbs consumed worldwide as herbal teas regarding their antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2.

Results
Aqueous infusions prepared by boiling leaves of the Lamiaceae perilla and sage elicit potent and sustained antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 when applied after infection as well as prior to infection of cells. The herbal infusions exerted in vitro antiviral effects comparable to interferon-β and remdesivir but outperformed convalescent sera and interferon-α2 upon short-term treatment early after infection. Based on protein fractionation analyses, we identified caffeic acid, perilla aldehyde, and perillyl alcohol as antiviral compounds. Global mass spectrometry (MS) analyses performed comparatively in two different cell culture infection models revealed changes of the proteome upon treatment with herbal infusions and provided insights into the mode of action. As inferred by the MS data, induction of heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX-1) was confirmed as effector mechanism by the antiviral activity of the HMOX-1-inducing compounds sulforaphane and fraxetin.

Conclusions
In conclusion, herbal teas based on perilla and sage exhibit antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 including variants of concern such as Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron, and we identified HMOX-1 as potential therapeutic target. Given that perilla and sage have been suggested as treatment options for various diseases, our dataset may constitute a valuable resource also for future research beyond virology.
Predictive model for long COVID in children 3 months after a SARS-CoV-2 PCR test
Authors: Nugawela Manjula D. , Stephenson Terence , Shafran Roz , De Stavola Bianca L. , Ladhani Shamez N. , Simmons Ruth , McOwat Kelsey , Rojas Natalia , Dalrymple Emma , Cheung Emily Y. , Ford Tamsin , Heyman Isobel , Crawley Esther , Pinto Pereira Snehal M. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
To update and internally validate a model to predict children and young people (CYP) most likely to experience long COVID (i.e. at least one impairing symptom) 3 months after SARS-CoV-2 PCR testing and to determine whether the impact of predictors differed by SARS-CoV-2 status.

Methods
Data from a nationally matched cohort of SARS-CoV-2 test-positive and test-negative CYP aged 11–17 years was used. The main outcome measure, long COVID, was defined as one or more impairing symptoms 3 months after PCR testing. Potential pre-specified predictors included SARS-CoV-2 status, sex, age, ethnicity, deprivation, quality of life/functioning (five EQ-5D-Y items), physical and mental health and loneliness (prior to testing) and number of symptoms at testing. The model was developed using logistic regression; performance was assessed using calibration and discrimination measures; internal validation was performed via bootstrapping and the final model was adjusted for overfitting.

Results
A total of 7139 (3246 test-positives, 3893 test-negatives) completing a questionnaire 3 months post-test were included. 25.2% (817/3246) of SARS-CoV-2 PCR-positives and 18.5% (719/3893) of SARS-CoV-2 PCR-negatives had one or more impairing symptoms 3 months post-test. The final model contained SARS-CoV-2 status, number of symptoms at testing, sex, age, ethnicity, physical and mental health, loneliness and four EQ-5D-Y items before testing. Internal validation showed minimal overfitting with excellent calibration and discrimination measures (optimism-adjusted calibration slope: 0.96575; C-statistic: 0.83130).

Conclusions
We updated a risk prediction equation to identify those most at risk of long COVID 3 months after a SARS-CoV-2 PCR test which could serve as a useful triage and management tool for CYP during the ongoing pandemic. External validation is required before large-scale implementation.
Triglyceride-glucose index as a prognostic marker after ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack: a prospective observational study
Authors: Hoshino Takao , Mizuno Takafumi , Ishizuka Kentaro , Takahashi Shuntaro , Arai Satoko , Toi Sono , Kitagawa Kazuo 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index has been proposed as a simple and credible surrogate for insulin resistance and an independent predictor of cardiovascular outcomes. Due to lack of data on TyG index in stroke, we aimed to evaluate the predictive value of the index for recurrent vascular event risk among stroke patients.

Methods
This was a prospective observational study, in which 866 patients (mean age, 70.1 years; male, 60.9%) with ischemic stroke (n = 781) or transient ischemic attack (n = 85) within 1 week of onset were consecutively enrolled and followed up for 1 year. The TyG index was calculated as ln (fasting triglycerides [mg/dL] × fasting glucose [mg/dL]/2). Patients were divided into 3 groups according to the tertile of TyG index levels: tertile 1, < 8.48; tertile 2, 8.48–9.01; and tertile 3, > 9.01. The primary outcome was a composite of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), including nonfatal stroke, nonfatal acute coronary syndrome, and vascular death.

Results
The median TyG index was 8.74 (interquartile range, 8.34–9.16). Higher levels of TyG index were significantly associated with increased prevalence of ipsilateral extracranial carotid (P = 0.032) and intracranial (P = 0.003) atherosclerotic stenosis. There were significant differences in the MACE risk between the three groups (annual rate, 8.6%, 11.6%, and 17.3% in the tertile 1, tertile 2, tertile 3 groups, respectively; log-rank P = 0.005). After multivariable adjustments, the TyG index remains to be a significant predictor of MACE, with an adjusted hazard ratio for tertile 3 versus tertile 1 groups (95% confidence interval) of 2.01 (1.16–3.47). Similar results were also found for the risk of recurrent stroke.

Conclusions
TyG index is associated with cervicocerebral atherosclerosis and the MACE risk after a stroke, suggesting the potential value of TyG index to optimize the risk stratification of stroke patients.
Trial registration URL: https://upload.umin.ac.jp. Unique identifier: UMIN000031913.
BMI modifies HDL-C effects on coronary artery bypass grafting outcomes
Authors: Rezaee Malihe , Fallahzadeh Aida , Sheikhy Ali , Jameie Mana , Behnoush Amir Hossein , Pashang Mina , Tajdini Masih , Tavolinejad Hamed , Masoudkabir Farzad , Mansourian Soheil , Momtahen Shahram , Tafti Hossein Ahmadi , Hosseini Kaveh 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundDespite the recognized implications of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in cardiovascular diseases, the role of body mass index (BMI) in HDL-C association with cardiovascular outcomes remains unclear. This study investigated the possible modifying implications of BMI on the correlation between HDL-C and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) outcomes.MethodsThe present cohort included isolated CABG patients (median follow-up: 76.58 [75.79–77.38] months). The participants were classified into three groups: 18.5 ≤ BMI < 25 (normal), 25 ≤ BMI < 30 (overweight), and 30 ≤ BMI < 35 (obese) kg/m2. Cox proportional hazard models (CPHs) and restricted cubic splines (RCSs) were applied to evaluate the relationship between HDL-C and all-cause mortality as well as major adverse cardio-cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) in different BMI categories.ResultsThis study enrolled a total of 15,639 patients. Considering the final Cox analysis among the normal and overweight groups, HDL-C ≥ 60 was a significant protective factor compared to 40 < HDL-C < 60 for all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR): 0.47,P: 0.027; and aHR: 0.64,P: 0.007, respectively). However, the protective effect of HDL-C ≥ 60 was no longer observed among patients with 30 ≤ BMI < 35 (aHR: 1.16,P = 0.668). RCS trend analyses recapitulated these findings; among 30 ≤ BMI < 35, no uniform inverse linear association was observed; after approximately HDL-C≈55, its increase was no longer associated with reduced mortality risk. RCS analyses on MACCE revealed a plateau effect followed by a modest rise in overweight and obese patients from HDL-C = 40 onward (nonlinear association).ConclusionsVery high HDL-C (≥ 60 mg/dL) was not related to better outcomes among obese CABG patients. Furthermore, HDL-C was related to the post-CABG outcomes in a nonlinear manner, and the magnitude of its effects also differed across BMI subgroups.
The immunological function of CXCR2 in the liver during sepsis
Authors: Liu Na , Bauer Michael , Press Adrian T. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe chemokine receptor CXCR2 and its ligands, especially CXCL8, are crucial mediators for the progression of liver inflammation and liver failure in sepsis. Neutrophils have the highest CXCR2 expression in mice and humans, and their activation via CXCL8 facilitates their migration to the inflamed liver for the clearance of the pathogens and, in turn, the inflammation.Main bodyIn sepsis, the inflammatory insult causes extensive neutrophil migration to the liver that overwhelms the immune response. To compensate for the strong receptor activation, CXCR2 desensitizes, incapacitating the immune cells to efficiently clear pathogens, causing further life-threatening liver damage and uncontrolled pathogen spread.ConclusionCXCR2 function during infection strongly depends on the expressing cell type. It signals pro- and anti-inflammatory effects that may prompt novel cell-type-specific CXCR2-directed therapeutics.
Minimal clinically important difference for the Mandarin version of the Tinnitus Questionnaire determined via anchor-based and distribution-based methods
Authors: Gu Hailing , Diao Cong , Tang Jiatong , Yang Bo , Ji Jinfeng , Zhou Mengyun , Meng Zhaoli 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
The previous study showed that the Mandarin Tinnitus Questionnaire (MTQ) has satisfactory reliability and validity. We have also completed the classification of the severity of tinnitus based on MTQ scores. In clinical studies, efficacy is often judged by whether results are statistically significant; however, statistical significance does not necessarily equate to clinical significance, whereas the minimum clinically important difference (MCID) of the scale does. In the following project, we will explore the MCID of the MTQ.

Methods
We recruited participants aged 18 years and above who sought treatment for primary or secondary tinnitus at the Otorhinolaryngology Department of the Hearing Center of West China Hospital, Sichuan University from September 2020 to September 2021. The participants had to undergo the following four assessments of tinnitus severity: doctor evaluation, self-report, the MTQ, and the visual analog scale (VAS), all at baseline and at the follow-up. The MCIDs of the MTQ were established via anchor-based and distribution-based methods. The anchor method used the VAS and self-reported clinical impression as anchors and defined the treatment effectiveness by mean/median and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, while methods of effect size (ES), standard error of measurement (SEM), and reliability change index (RCI) were used in distribution-based methods.

Results
A total of 115 patients were investigated in this study, 57.4% of whom were women. The average age was 43.2 ± 13.20 years. The average MTQ and VAS scores at baseline were 31.3 ± 14.90 and 5.03 ± 2.24, respectively, while the average MTQ and VAS scores at follow-up were 15.9 ± 11.70 and 3.58 ± 2.48, respectively. Moreover, in terms of self-reported clinical impressions, 19 patients indicated that they were cured (16.5%), 24 that it was much better (20.9%), 63 that there was no change (54.8%), and 9 that it was much worse (7.8%). The MCIDs for the change in total MTQ ranged from 6.29 to 19.00, those for improvement from 1.09 to 22.75, and those for deterioration from 3.50 to 7.64.

Conclusion
We selected an absolute value of 7.5 as the MCID for the MTQ score. An increase in MTQ score more than 7.5 was considered aggravation of tinnitus, and a decrease in MTQ score more than 7.5 was considered a reduction in tinnitus.