bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A method for intelligent allocation of diagnostic testing by leveraging data from commercial wearable devices: a case study on COVID-19
Authors: Shandhi Md Mobashir Hasan , Cho Peter J. , Roghanizad Ali R. , Singh Karnika , Wang Will , Enache Oana M. , Stern Amanda , Sbahi Rami , Tatar Bilge , Fiscus Sean , Khoo Qi Xuan , Kuo Yvonne , Lu Xiao , Hsieh Joseph , Kalodzitsa Alena , Bahmani Amir , Alavi Arash , Ray Utsab , Snyder Michael P. , Ginsburg Geoffrey S. , Pasquale Dana K. , Woods Christopher W. , Shaw Ryan J. , Dunn Jessilyn P. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMass surveillance testing can help control outbreaks of infectious diseases such as COVID-19. However, diagnostic test shortages are prevalent globally and continue to occur in the US with the onset of new COVID-19 variants and emerging diseases like monkeypox, demonstrating an unprecedented need for improving our current methods for mass surveillance testing. By targeting surveillance testing toward individuals who are most likely to be infected and, thus, increasing the testing positivity rate (i.e., percent positive in the surveillance group), fewer tests are needed to capture the same number of positive cases. Here, we developed an Intelligent Testing Allocation (ITA) method by leveraging data from the CovIdentify study (6765 participants) and the MyPHD study (8580 participants), including smartwatch data from 1265 individuals of whom 126 tested positive for COVID-19. Our rigorous model and parameter search uncovered the optimal time periods and aggregate metrics for monitoring continuous digital biomarkers to increase the positivity rate of COVID-19 diagnostic testing. We found that resting heart rate (RHR) features distinguished between COVID-19-positive and -negative cases earlier in the course of the infection than steps features, as early as 10 and 5 days prior to the diagnostic test, respectively. We also found that including steps features increased the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC) by 7–11% when compared with RHR features alone, while including RHR features improved the AUC of the ITA model’s precision-recall curve (AUC-PR) by 38–50% when compared with steps features alone. The best AUC-ROC (0.73 ± 0.14 and 0.77 on the cross-validated training set and independent test set, respectively) and AUC-PR (0.55 ± 0.21 and 0.24) were achieved by using data from a single device type (Fitbit) with high-resolution (minute-level) data. Finally, we show that ITA generates up to a 6.5-fold increase in the positivity rate in the cross-validated training set and up to a 4.5-fold increase in the positivity rate in the independent test set, including both symptomatic and asymptomatic (up to 27%) individuals. Our findings suggest that, if deployed on a large scale and without needing self-reported symptoms, the ITA method could improve the allocation of diagnostic testing resources and reduce the burden of test shortages.
Subpopulation-specific machine learning prognosis for underrepresented patients with double prioritized bias correction
Authors: Afrose Sharmin , Song Wenjia , Nemeroff Charles B. , Lu Chang , Yao Danfeng 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Many clinical datasets are intrinsically imbalanced, dominated by overwhelming majority groups. Off-the-shelf machine learning models that optimize the prognosis of majority patient types (e.g., healthy class) may cause substantial errors on the minority prediction class (e.g., disease class) and demographic subgroups (e.g., Black or young patients). In the typical one-machine-learning-model-fits-all paradigm, racial and age disparities are likely to exist, but unreported. In addition, some widely used whole-population metrics give misleading results.

Methods
We design a double prioritized (DP) bias correction technique to mitigate representational biases in machine learning-based prognosis. Our method trains customized machine learning models for specific ethnicity or age groups, a substantial departure from the one-model-predicts-all convention. We compare with other sampling and reweighting techniques in mortality and cancer survivability prediction tasks.

Results
We first provide empirical evidence showing various prediction deficiencies in a typical machine learning setting without bias correction. For example, missed death cases are 3.14 times higher than missed survival cases for mortality prediction. Then, we show DP consistently boosts the minority class recall for underrepresented groups, by up to 38.0%. DP also reduces relative disparities across race and age groups, e.g., up to 88.0% better than the 8 existing sampling solutions in terms of the relative disparity of minority class recall. Cross-race and cross-age-group evaluation also suggests the need for subpopulation-specific machine learning models.

Conclusions
Biases exist in the widely accepted one-machine-learning-model-fits-all-population approach. We invent a bias correction method that produces specialized machine learning prognostication models for underrepresented racial and age groups. This technique may reduce potentially life-threatening prediction mistakes for minority populations.
Social Media Use in Hearing Loss, Tinnitus, and Vestibular Disorders: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ulep Alyssa Jade , Deshpande Aniruddha K. , Beukes Eldré W. , Placette Aubry , Manchaiah Vinaya 
Published: September 2022

Background:
People are increasingly using social media outlets for gathering health-related information. There has also been considerable interest from researchers and clinicians in understanding how social media is used by the general public, patients, and health professionals to gather health-related information. Interest in the use of social media for audiovestibular disorders has also received attention, although published evidence synthesis of this use is lacking. The objective of this review article was to synthesize existing research studies related to social media use concerning hearing loss, tinnitus, and vestibular disorders.

Method:
Comprehensive searches were performed in multiple databases between October and November 2020 and again in June 2021 and March 2022, with additional reports identified from article citations and unpublished literature. This review article was presented using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.

Results:
A total of 1,512 articles were identified. Of these, 16 publications met the inclusion criteria. Overall, social media offered people the platform to learn about hearing loss, tinnitus, and vestibular disorders via advice and support seeking, personal experience sharing, general information sharing, and relationship building. Research studies were more common on information and user activities seen on Facebook Pages, Twitter, and YouTube videos. Misinformation was identified across all social media platforms for each of these conditions.

Conclusions:
Online discussions about audiovestibular disorders are evident, although inconsistencies in study procedures make it difficult to compare these discussion groups. Misinformation is a concern needing to be addressed during clinical consultations as well as via other public health means. Uniform guidelines are needed for research regarding the use of social media so that outcomes are comparable. Moreover, clinical studies examining how exposure to and engagement with social media information may impact outcomes (e.g., help seeking, rehabilitation uptake, rehabilitation use, and satisfaction) require exploration.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.20667672
Compassion Satisfaction, Occupational Stress, Burnout Syndrome, and Resilience Among Experienced Audiologists
Authors: Giddens Kate S. M. , Kelly-Campbell Rebecca J. , Näswall Katharina 
Published: September 2022

Objective:
The aim of the research was to provide insight into compassion satisfaction (CS), resilience, burnout syndrome (BOS), and overall occupational stress levels of experienced audiologists.

Design:
This study was based on a four-part online questionnaire consisting of the Audiology Occupational Stress Questionnaire, the Professional Quality of Life Scale (Version 5), the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale-10, and demographic questions.

Study Sample:
Fifty-nine audiologists with more than 5 years of experience completed the survey. Clinicians were from New Zealand, Australia, South Africa, the United States, Hong Kong, Israel, Singapore, and the United Kingdom.

Results:

The findings illustrate that no audiologists experienced high BOS or low CS scores. Positive correlations existed between resilience and CS and between BOS and overall occupational stress. Negative correlations were found between resilience and BOS, BOS and CS, CS and overall occupational stress, and resilience and overall occupational stress. Resilience (
p
= .015), CS (
p
< .001), and overall occupational stress (
p
< .001) were identified as being significant predictors of BOS. The top five occupational stressors for audiologists were reported as being staff shortages, administration duties, paperwork and patient reports, patient or family expectations to fix a client's hearing, and the amount time available with each patient. The differences in occupational stress experienced by private versus public audiologists were minimal, always being below 1 Likert point.

Conclusions:
Although audiologists do not report high levels of BOS, they report stress in their workplace. As stress was a significant predictor of BOS, audiologists could benefit from interventions aimed at reducing workplace stress.
Advanced direction of arrival estimation using step‐learnt iterative soft‐thresholding for frequency‐modulated continuous wave multiple‐input multiple‐output radar
Authors: Hong Seongmin , Kim Seong‐Cheol , Lee Seongwook 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe number of antennas in automotive frequency‐modulated continuous wave (FMCW) multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) radar systems is increasing. Existing greedy or subspace‐based methods cannot quickly and accurately estimate the direction of arrival (DoA) of the target. Therefore, we propose a fast and accurate DoA estimation algorithm for the automotive FMCW MIMO radar. To achieve both fastness and accuracy, we exploit the group sparsity in DoA estimation by defining the problem as a multiple measurement vector (MMV) compressive sensing and extend the step‐learnt iterative soft‐thresholding algorithm (SLISTA) to the MMV problem. To apply the extended SLISTA, we train the network in an unsupervised manner and normalise the input. We conduct experiments to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. Compared to the algorithms such as ISTA/FISTA/MFOCUSS that solve the same optimisation problem, the extended SLISTA exhibits the most accurate DoA estimation results for actual targets, with less execution time than a subspace‐based method. Moreover, the results show that the extended SLISTA prevents false detections, whereas greedy and subspace‐based methods do not.
Enterocytozoon bieneusi in patients with diarrhea and in animals in the northeastern Chinese city of Yichun: genotyping and assessment of potential zoonotic transmission
Authors: Zhou Kexin , Liu Mingchao , Wu Yanchen , Zhang Ran , Wang Ru , Xu Hui , Wang Yujia , Yao Lan , Yu Hongmei , Liu Aiqin 
Published: September 2022

Enterocytozoon bieneusi is a common microsporidia species in humans and animals. Due to lack of effective vaccines and drugs, understanding of its epidemiological status and characteristics in different hosts is an important step in controlling the infection. The present study aimed at determining the prevalence of E. bieneusi in humans with diarrhea and animals in Yichun, in northeastern China, and assessing the epidemiological role of animals in the transmission of microsporidiosis. A total of 540 fecal samples were collected from diarrheal patients (n = 222) and 11 animal species (n = 318). Enterocytozoon bieneusi was identified and genotyped by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the rRNA gene. Enterocytozoon bieneusi was detected in 1.4% (3/222) of diarrheal patients, and genotype D and novel genotypes YCHH1 and YCHH2 were identified. Enterocytozoon bieneusi was detected in wild boars (7.7%), sika deer (8.2%), dogs (3.2%), and ostriches (10.7%), and genotypes D, Type IV, Peru6, BEB6 and novel genotypes YCHA1, YCHA2 and YCHA3 were identified. Genotypes YCHH1, YCHH2 and YCHA1 were phylogenetically assigned to group 1, while YCHA2 and YCHA3 to groups 2 and 11, respectively. The finding of genotype D in humans and animals, and the identification of zoonotic genotypes Peru6, Type IV, BEB6 in animal-derived E. bieneusi isolates indicate the potential of zoonotic transmission of microsporidiosis in the investigated area. The observation of the three novel genotypes in group 1 indicates their zoonotic potential.
The effect of inter-fire interval and fire severity on seedling germination and resprouting in
Authors: Berris Karleah K. , Jones Ruby M. H. , Kok Xiangning , McCafferty Adrian K. J. , Skirrow Johannes K. , Mooney Trish 
Published: September 2022

Context Regeneration from seed and resprouting are life-history strategies used by plants in fire-prone landscapes; however, for some species there is a limited understanding of how different factors influence post-fire response within populations. Aims We studied the effect of inter-fire interval and degree of tree burn on post-fire seedling germination and basal resprouting in Allocasuarina verticillata within two conservation parks on Kangaroo Island. Methods We undertook seedling counts using 1 m2 quadrats. Burnt trees were assessed for signs of resprouting. Key results Seedling density 8–9 months post-fire was primarily influenced by interfire interval, and was higher in stands with an inter-fire interval time of 37–45 years (143 per m2) compared to those with an interval of >60 years (48 per m2). Resprouting in burnt A. verticillata trees was influenced by the degree of tree burn, but also varied considerably between the two parks. Conclusions Our study confirmed that A. verticillata is a facultative seeder/resprouter that can regenerate from both seedling germination and resprouting post-fire. However, the two strategies are influenced by different factors, and resprouting rates in A. verticillata can be very low in some circumstances. Implications Because A. verticillata relies primarily on seedling germination for population persistence post-fire, it may be vulnerable to drastic changes in fire frequency. Further research is required on the minimum inter-fire interval for persistence of this species within a landscape.
(Un)masking Seoul
Authors: Milak Eldin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In March 2019, South Korea instituted a mask mandate as the main protective measure against the spread of Covid-19. The mask and the government-issued posters detailing guidance and regulations regarding masking have since become a prominent part of Korea’s semiotic landscape. This study focuses on the capital city of Seoul to explore how these changes in the semiotic landscape have resulted in a (re)negotiation of control over space between the government and the citizens, through the lens of the mask as a static and dynamic semiotic device. The data is drawn from photographs, observations, and notes made during 3 months of commuting in central Seoul. The findings are interpreted in the light of local sociocultural ideologies, and in reference to the greater global discourse of both governmental intrusion into and regulation of spaces and behaviors through the act of mask-wearing.
Covid-19 and public responsibility
Authors: Strange Louis 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This paper offers an analysis of a British government publicity campaign during the third national lockdown, which began in England in January 2021. When it came to enforcing lockdown rules, the government’s messaging in the Linguistic Landscape (LL) and elsewhere focused on individualising responsibility for the pandemic. This framing favoured the political interests of the government by apportioning blame for the highest death toll in Europe to the British public’s reckless behaviour, which conveniently elides the government’s own role in the crisis. Drawing on data from social media and the LL, I analyse the publicity campaign according to a Multimodal Critical Discourse Analysis approach, taking into account the multiple semiotic systems employed to communicate the campaign’s underlying neoliberal ideology.
Citizen Linguistic Landscape, bordering practices, and semiotic ideology in the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Phyak Prem , Sharma Bal Krishna 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This article examines how Linguistic Landscapes in the Covid-19 pandemic construct the borders of place and people. We
build on ‘semiotic ideology’ (Keane, 2018) and ‘semiotopology’ (Peck, Stroud & Williams, 2018) to analyze the bordering practices in citizen Linguistic Landscapes
during the pandemic in Nepal. Our analysis shows that citizens combine multiple semiotic resources, both linguistic and
non-linguistic, to create physical boundaries to restrict the mobility of people during the pandemic. However, the findings show
that such practices are ideological; they promote the othering of the tenants, returnees from abroad/outside the valley, and
non-locals. We argue that keeping place and people at the centre of analysis provides a critical framework to widen the scope of
Linguistic Landscapes as a broad visual and semiotic space that embodies the bordering practices and categorization of people and
their impacts on emotions, identities, and sense of belonging.
Scaling the pandemic dispositive
Authors: Androutsopoulos Jannis 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This paper uses the notions of dispositive and scale to explore the emergence and transformation of pandemic signage, focusing on a subset of regulative signs, i.e. requests to wear a mask. Based on a crowdsourced dataset of pandemic signs collected in Hamburg, analysis examines the multimodal resources sign-makers mobilize to create mask-requirement signs and the change of these signs in the transition from the first to the second pandemic wave during 2020. The findings show that regulative measures within the pandemic dispositive are scaled, i.e. given a particular spatiotemporal validity that is shaped by shifting power relations between sign producers and their audiences. This scaling is dynamically iterated as mask-wearing regulation changes its scope across pandemic waves. The rescaling of directive acts such as face-mask requests is reflected in the multimodal makeup of regulative signs, whose linguistic, pictorial, and composition choices shift as mask-wearing regulations are extended to outdoor space.
New insight into anodization of aluminium with focused ion beam pre-patterning
Authors: Roslyakov I V , Kushnir S E , Tsymbarenko D M , Sapoletova N A , Trusov L A , Napolskii K S 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The self-ordered anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) structure consists of micron-scale domains—defect-free areas with a hexagonal arrangement of pores. A substantial increase in domain size is possible solely by pre-patterning the aluminium surface in the form of a defect-free hexagonal array of concaves, which guide the pore growth during subsequent anodization. Among the numerous pre-patterning techniques, direct etching by focused gallium ion beam (Ga FIB) allows the preparation of AAO with a custom-made geometry through precise control of the irradiation positions, beam energy, and ion dosage. The main drawback of the FIB approach includes gallium contamination of the aluminium surface. Here, we propose a multi-step anodizing procedure to prevent gallium incorporation into the aluminium substrate. The suggested approach successfully covers a wide range of AAO interpore distances from 100 to 500 nm. In particular, anodization of FIB pre-patterned aluminium in 0.1 M phosphoric acid at 195 V to prepare AAO with the interpore distance of about 500 nm was demonstrated for the first time. The quantification of the degree of pore ordering reveals the fraction of pores in hexagonal coordination above 96% and the in-plane mosaicity below 3° over an area of about 1000 μm2. Large-scale defect-free AAO structures are promising for creating photonic crystals and hyperbolic metamaterials with distinct functional properties.
Floating potential method using a thermionic emissive probe including an ionizing and collisional presheath
Authors: Morales Crespo R , Muñoz-Serrano E , Tejero-del-Caz A 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This article studies the interaction of an argon plasma with an emissive probe considering the effect of both ionization and ion–neutral collisions. The floating potential is determined from the I–V characteristic curves as a function of the probe temperature, neutral gas pressure and plasma electron temperature. This potential increases with increasing probe temperature until reaching the plasma potential, exceeding the saturation value previously indicated by other authors. Finally, a relationship between the plasma electron temperature and the probe temperature at which the floating potential reaches the plasma potential is shown, demonstrating that these probes can be used for diagnosis of the plasma electron temperature.
Roles of the transition amplitude phases in photoelectron asymmetry of single strong attosecond pulse
Authors: Liu MingQing , Khan Shahab Ullah , Wang Xin-Qiang , Yan Pei-Guang , Jiang Wei-Chao 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The angular distributions of the photoelectrons in ionization of hydrogen atom by both circularly and linearly polarized intense extreme ultraviolet (XUV) attosecond pulse are investigated by numerically solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation. We clearly identify nonperturbative features in studying the asymmetrical photoelectron angular distributions in the polarization plane for the XUV photon energy (16.3 eV) close to the ionization threshold, while such nonperturbative features are absent for higher photon energy (36 eV) in the same pulse intensity region. In addition to the carrier-envelope phase (CEP) dependence, the ejection asymmetry of the photoelectron is also sensitive to the relative phases of transition amplitudes in absorbing one photon and two photons. As a consequence, the CEPs corresponding to the maximal (or zero) asymmetry obviously vary as the pulse intensity increases in a moderately large region from 1 × 1015 W cm−2 to 30 × 1015 W cm−2. We attribute the intensity dependence of the transition amplitude phases to a consequence of the depletion of population as well as the Stark energy shift of the initial state. We show that the relative phases of transition amplitudes can be precisely decoded from the pulse intensity dependence of the ejection asymmetry and those phases are insensitive to the ellipticity of the laser pulse.