bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corporate Governance and the So-Called ‘Four-Eyes Principle’
Authors: Abriani Niccolò , Catania Armando 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis chapter aims to analyse the current role played by insurance undertakings and their senior managers—with a specific reference to the Italian, French, Spanish and British insurance industry, taking into consideration the important changes introduced by the Solvency II framework.In doing so, the study identifies features of the international regulation of insurance development based on the recommendations of the International Association of Insurance Supervisory (IAIS) and the Directives of the European Union (EU).The board delegates the running of the business to the senior managers, expecting them to operate on behalf of the company’s interests.The literature has identified several problems resulting from this relationship.We intend to consider the internal behaviour affected by the board-senior managers’ relationship, by looking for direct connection between the elements of senior managers behaviours’ and the organisational and operational structure of the enterprise.Inside the theoretical framework and given the existing related literature, our work aims to answer the above research question.According to our statements, it will be demonstrated that, with specific focus on the management sector, there are still wide possibilities for improvement and more studies concerning board-senior managers relationship.
Business Registration Data as the Best Vehicle to Achieve KYC and AML for Business
Authors: Cárdenas Erick Rincón , Molano Valeria Martinez 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTo achieve the corporate purpose of a company, it is necessary to follow the regulations that exist in its respective sector, which include not only the adoption of policies and protocols, but also the prevention of fraudulent activities, which can be done through a sufficient knowledge of the customer. It is of greater relevance in the case of insurance companies, which must sufficiently know their client, taking into account their transactions and activities, since the internal decisions that the company takes in relation to the risks it assumes are based on its own corporate governance policies.For this purpose, this chapter proposes the alternative of implementing RegTech tools through the adoption of a Single Business Registry. This registry contains all the required information from a company, including financial statements for the respective periods, which can be supplemented with records already existing in a country, as this would facilitate regulatory compliance.
The Risk Management System, the Risk Culture and the Duties of the Insurers’ Directors
Authors: Marano Pierpaolo , Grima Simon 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe risk management system and the risk culture pertain to the organisation of the insurance undertaking and face the risk, which is a multifaceted concept challenging such an organisation. This chapter analyses the perimeter of the risk management system to identify the risks that fall within this system and the persons who, within the insurance undertaking, are responsible for ensuring an effective risk management system to the supervisory authority. The chapter also investigates how corporate bodies can assess the head of the risk management function and the risk management system can incorporate risk culture. Lastly, the chapter illustrates concrete actions the persons with the ultimate responsibility of the risk management system can perform to comply with the task to promote, implement and monitor the risk culture.
The Acceptance of Sustainable Freight Transport
Authors: Pfoser Sarah 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this chapter it will be elaborated what influences the acceptance of sustainable freight transport strategies by LSPs. First, the relevant theoretical background will be presented in Subchapter 0 to explain the occurrence of sustainable freight transport acceptance based on behavioral theories. Afterwards, the determinants of sustainable freight transport which emerged from the data collection are described in Subchapter 5.2. Within the empirical investigation (in-depth interviews, online survey), five main determinants were identified which influence the acceptance of the above mentioned avoid, shift and improve strategies. These determinants are profitability, customer demand, availability of infrastructure, organizational efforts and legal framework. Theoretical support for these determinants comes from the technology acceptance model.
Insights into the identification of a molecular signature for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis exploiting integrated microRNA profiling of iPSC-derived motor neurons and exosomes
Authors: Rizzuti Mafalda , Melzi Valentina , Gagliardi Delia , Resnati Davide , Meneri Megi , Dioni Laura , Masrori Pegah , Hersmus Nicole , Poesen Koen , Locatelli Martina , Biella Fabio , Silipigni Rosamaria , Bollati Valentina , Bresolin Nereo , Comi Giacomo Pietro , Van Damme Philip , Nizzardo Monica , Corti Stefania 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive degeneration of motor neurons (MNs). Most cases are sporadic, whereas 10% are familial. The pathological mechanisms underlying the disease are partially understood, but it is increasingly being recognized that alterations in RNA metabolism and deregulation of microRNA (miRNA) expression occur in ALS. In this study, we performed miRNA expression profile analysis of iPSC-derived MNs and related exosomes from familial patients and healthy subjects. We identified dysregulation of miR-34a, miR-335 and miR-625-3p expression in both MNs and exosomes. These miRNAs regulate genes and pathways which correlate with disease pathogenesis, suggesting that studying miRNAs deregulation can contribute to deeply investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the disease. We also assayed the expression profile of these miRNAs in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of familial (fALS) and sporadic patients (sALS) and we identified a significant dysregulation of miR-34a-3p and miR-625-3p levels in ALS compared to controls. Taken together, all these findings suggest that miRNA analysis simultaneously performed in different human biological samples could represent a promising molecular tool to understand the etiopathogenesis of ALS and to develop new potential miRNA-based strategies in this new propitious therapeutic era.
Design for manufacturing and assembly methods in the product development process of mechanical products: a systematic literature review
Authors: Formentini Giovanni , Boix Rodríguez Núria , Favi Claudio 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe design for manufacturing and assembly (DFMA) is a family of methods belonging to the design for X (DfX) category which goal is to optimize the manufacturing and assembly phase of products. DFMA methods have been developed at the beginning of the 1980s and widely used in both academia and industries since then. However, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, no systematic literature reviews or mapping has been proposed yet in the field of mechanical design. The goal of this paper is to provide a systematic review of DFMA methods applied to mechanical and electro-mechanical products with the aim to collect, analyse, and summarize the knowledge acquired until today and identify future research areas. The paper provides an overview of the DFMA topic in the last four decades (i.e., from 1980 to 2021) emphasizing operational perspectives such as the design phase in which methods are used, the type of products analysed, the adoption of quantitative or qualitative metrics, the tool adopted for the assessment, and the technologies involved. As a result, the paper addresses several aspects associated with the DFMA and different outcomes retrieved by the literature review have been highlighted. The first one concerns the fact that most of the DFMA methods have been used to analyse simple products made of few components (i.e., easy to manage with a short lead-time). Another important result is the lack of valuable DFMA methods applicable at early design phases (i.e., conceptual design) when information is not detailed and presents more qualitative than quantitative data. Both results lead to the evidence that the definition of a general DFMA method and metric adaptable for every type of product and/or design phase is a challenging goal that presents several issues. Finally, a bibliographic map was developed as a suitable tool to visualize results and identify future research trends on this topic. From the bibliometric analysis, it has been shown that the overall interest in DFMA methodologies decreased in the last decade.
Neutral Red-carbon nanodots for selective fluorescent DNA sensing
Authors: Martínez-Periñán Emiliano , Martínez-Sobrino Álvaro , Bravo Iria , García-Mendiola Tania , Mateo-Martí Eva , Pariente Félix , Lorenzo Encarnación 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCarbon nanodots modified with Neutral Red covalently inserted in the nanostructure (NR-CDs) have been prepared by a simple synthesis method based on microwave irradiation under controlled temperature and pressure. The synthetized NR-CDs have been characterized by different techniques, demonstrating the covalent bonding of Neutral Red molecules to the carbon dots nanostructure. Fluorescence activity of the prepare NR-CDs has been explored showing different interaction pathways with singled and doubled stranded DNA. These studies have been successfully applied to develop a new fluorescence DNA hybridization assay to the detection of a specific DNA sequence of Escherichia coli bacteria.
Graphical abstract
Control of arm movements in Friedreich’s ataxia patients: role of sensory feedback
Authors: Zhang Lei , Straube Andreas , Eggert Thomas 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFriedreich’s ataxia (FA) is a hereditary system degeneration, which progressively affects sensory functions such as proprioceptive feedback, which causes progressive ataxia in FA patients. While major clinical features of movement disorders in FA patients have been identified, the underlying impaired neural control is not sufficiently understood. To elucidate the underlying control mechanism, we investigated single-joint movements of the upper limb in FA patients. Small, tolerable force perturbations were induced during voluntary single-joint arm movements to examine the compensatory reaction of the FA patient’s motor system. Movement kinematics were measured, and muscle torques were quantified. We first found that as in healthy subjects, unperturbed single-joint movements in FA patients preserved similar temporal profiles of hand velocity and muscle torques, however, scaled in duration and amplitude. In addition, the small perturbations were compensated for efficiently in both groups, with the endpoint error < 0.5° (maximum displacement of 5–15°). We further quantified the differences in movement time, torque response, and displacement between patients and controls. To distinguish whether these differences were caused by a malfunction of top-down control or a malfunction of feedback control, the responses were fitted with a detailed model of the stretch reflex. The model simulations revealed that the feedback delay, but not the feedback gain was affected in FA patients. They also showed that the descending control signal was scaled in time and amplitude and co-contraction was smaller in FA patients. Thus, our study explains how the motor deficits of FA patients result from pathological alterations of both top-down and feedback control.
Geographical and Seasonal Analysis of the Honeybee Microbiome
Authors: Almeida Eduardo L. , Ribiere Celine , Frei Werner , Kenny Denis , Coffey Mary F. , O’Toole Paul W. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe previously showed that colonies of thriving and non-thriving honeybees co-located in a single geographically isolated apiary harboured strikingly different microbiomes when sampled at a single time point in the honey season. Here, we profiled the microbiome in returning forager bees from 10 to 12 hives in each of 6 apiaries across the southern half of Ireland, at early, middle, and late time points in the 2019 honey production season. Despite the wide range of geographical locations and forage available, apiary site was not the strongest determinant of the honeybee microbiome. However, there was clear clustering of the honeybee microbiome by time point across all apiaries, independent of which apiary was sampled. The clustering of microbiome by time was weaker although still significant in three of the apiaries, which may be connected to their geographic location and other external factors. The potential forage effect was strongest at the second timepoint (June–July) when the apiaries also displayed greatest difference in microbiome diversity. We identified bacteria in the forager bee microbiome that correlated with hive health as measured by counts of larvae, bees, and honey production. These findings support the hypothesis that the global honeybee microbiome and its constituent species support thriving hives.
An International Registry of Peritoneal Carcinomatosis from Appendiceal Goblet Cell Carcinoma Treated with Cytoreductive Surgery and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy
Authors: Mercier Frederic , Passot Guillaume , Bonnot Pierre‐Emmanuel , Cashin Peter , Ceelen Wim , Decullier Evelyne , Villeneuve Laurent , Walter Thomas , Levine Edward A. , Glehen Olivier ,   PSOGI Working Group,   BIG‐RENAPE Working Group
Published: March 2022

AbstractPurposePeritoneal carcinomatosis from appendiceal goblet cell carcinoma (A‐GCC) is a rare and aggressive form of appendiceal tumor. Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intra peritoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) was reported as an interesting alternative regarding survival compared to surgery without HIPEC and/or systemic chemotherapy. Our aim was to evaluate the impact of CRS and HIPEC for patients presenting A‐GCC through an international registry.MethodsA prospective multicenter international database was retrospectively searched to identify all patients with A‐GCC tumor and peritoneal metastases who underwent CRS and HIPEC through the Peritoneal Surface Oncology Group International (PSOGI). The post‐operative complications, long‐term results, and principal prognostic factors were analyzed.
ResultsThe analysis included 83 patients. After a median follow‐up of 47 months, the median overall survival (OS) was 34.6 months. The 3‐ and 5‐year OS was 48.5% and 35.7%, respectively. Patients who underwent complete macroscopic CRS had a significantly better survival than those treated with incomplete CRS. The 5‐year OS was 44% and 0% for patients who underwent complete, and incomplete CRS, respectively (HR 9.65, p < 0.001). Lymph node involvement and preoperative chemotherapy were also predictive of a worse prognosis. There were 3 postoperative deaths, and 30% of the patients had major complications.
ConclusionCRS and HIPEC may increase long‐term survival in selected patients with peritoneal metastases of A‐GCC origin, especially when complete CRS is achieved. Ideally, randomized control trials or more retrospective data are needed to confirm CRS and HIPEC as the gold standard in this pathology.
Wavelength dependence of picosecond-pulsed laser ablation of hot-dip galvanized steel
Authors: Mustafa H. , Matthews D. T. A. , Römer G. R. B. E. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLaser ablation of galvanized steel at a wavelength of 343, 515 and 1030 nm was compared for single as well as multiple picosecond laser pulses. The characteristics of ablated craters, such as ablation rate, crater shape and chemical composition, in relation to the processing parameters were studied. Surface morphology of the laser ablated craters were characterized with the help of confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Chemical compositional and crystallographic changes were analyzed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and electron backscatter diffraction respectively. Three ablation regimes were identified in the ablation process of galvanized steel. For equal amount of fluence, ablation rates are found to increase with decreasing laser wavelength. Analyzing the crater shape and the cross-sectional chemical composition, three possible applications are identified for three different wavelengths when processing galvanized steel with picosecond pulsed lasers, namely coating removal, surface texturing and micro-drilling.
Card-Based ZKP for Connectivity: Applications to Nurikabe, Hitori, and Heyawake
Authors: Robert Léo , Miyahara Daiki , Lafourcade Pascal , Mizuki Takaaki 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDuring the last years, several card-based Zero-Knowledge Proof (ZKP) protocols for Nikoli’s puzzles have been designed. Although there are relatively simple card-based ZKP protocols for a number of puzzles, such as Sudoku and Kakuro, some puzzles face difficulties in designing simple protocols. For example, Slitherlink requires novel and elaborate techniques to construct a protocol. In this study, we focus on three Nikoli puzzles: Nurikabe, Hitori, and Heyawake. To date, no card-based ZKP protocol for these puzzles has been developed, partially because they have a relatively tricky rule that colored cells should form a connected area (namely a polyomino); this rule, sometimes referred to as “Bundan-kin” (in Japanese), complicates the puzzles, as well as facilitating difficulties in designing card-based ZKP protocols. We address this challenging task and propose a method for verifying the connectivity of hidden colored cells in a ZKP manner, such that we construct card-based ZKP protocols for the three puzzles.
Tibial tunnel enlargement is affected by the tunnel diameter-screw ratio in tibial hybrid fixation for hamstring ACL reconstruction
Authors: Flury Andreas , Wild Linda , Waltenspül Manuel , Zindel Christoph , Vlachopoulos Lazaros , Imhoff Florian B. , Fucentese Sandro F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Introduction
There is no evidence on screw diameter with regards to tunnel size in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) using hybrid fixation devices. The hypothesis was that an undersized tunnel coverage by the tibial screw leads to subsequent tunnel enlargement in ACLR in hybrid fixation technique.

Methods
In a retrospective case series, radiographs and clinical scores of 103 patients who underwent primary hamstring tendon ACLR with a hybrid fixation technique at the tibial site (interference screw and suspensory fixation) were obtained. Tunnel diameters in the frontal and sagittal planes were measured on radiographs 6 weeks and 12 months postoperatively. Tunnel enlargement of more than 10% between the two periods was defined as tunnel widening. Tunnel coverage ratio was calculated as the tunnel diameter covered by the screw in percentage.

Results
Overall, tunnel widening 12 months postoperatively was 23.1 ± 17.1% and 24.2 ± 18.2% in the frontal and sagittal plane, respectively. Linear regression analysis revealed the tunnel coverage ratio to be a negative predicting risk factor for tunnel widening (p = 0.001). The ROC curve analysis provided an ideal cut-off for tunnel enlargement of > 10% at a tunnel coverage ratio of 70% (sensitivity 60%, specificity 81%, AUC 75%, p < 0.001). Patients (n = 53/103) with a tunnel coverage ratio of < 70% showed significantly higher tibial tunnel enlargement of 15% in the frontal and sagittal planes. The binary logistic regression showed a significant OR of 6.9 (p = 0.02) for tunnel widening > 10% in the frontal plane if the tunnel coverage ratio was < 70% (sagittal plane: OR 14.7, p = 0.001). Clinical scores did not correlate to tunnel widening.

Conclusion
Tibial tunnel widening was affected by the tunnel diameter coverage ratio. To minimize the likelihood of disadvantageous tunnel expansion—which is of importance in case of revision surgery—an interference screw should not undercut the tunnel diameter by more than 1 mm.
The effect of warm and humidified gas insufflation in gynecological laparoscopy on maintenance of body temperature: a prospective randomized controlled multi-arm trial
Authors: Wittenborn Julia , Mathei Deborah , van Waesberghe Julia , Zeppernick Felix , Zeppernick Magdalena , Tchaikovski Svetlana , Kowark Ana , Breuer Markus , Keszei András , Stickeler Elmar , Zoremba Norbert , Rossaint Rolf , Bruells Christian , Meinhold-Heerlein Ivo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundHypothermia is defined as a decrease in body core temperature to below 36 °C. If intraoperative heat-preserving measures are omitted, a patient’s temperature will fall by 1 – 2 °C. Even mild forms of intraoperative hypothermia can lead to a marked increase in morbidity and mortality. Using warm and humidified gas insufflation in laparoscopy may help in the maintenance of intraoperative body temperature.MethodsIn this prospective randomized controlled study, we investigated effects of temperature and humidity of the insufflation gas on intra- and postoperative temperature management. 150 patients undergoing gynecologic laparoscopic surgery were randomly assigned to either insufflation with non-warmed, non-humidified CO2with forced air warming blanket (AIR), humidified warm gas without forced air warming blanket (HUMI) or humidified warm gas combined with forced air warming blanket (HUMI+). We hypothesized that the use of warmed laparoscopic gas would have benefits in the maintenance of body temperature and reduce the occurrence of hypothermia.ResultsThe use of warm and humidified gas insufflation alone led to more hypothermia episodes with longer duration and longer recovery times as well as significantly lower core body temperature compared to the other two groups. In the comparison of the AIR group and HUMI + group, HUMI + patients had a significantly higher body temperature at arrival at the PACU (Post Anaesthesia Care Unit), had the least occurrence of hypothermia and suffered from less shivering.ConclusionThe use of warm and humidified gas insufflation alone does not sufficiently warm the patients. The optimal temperature management is achieved in the combination of external forced air warming and insufflation of warm and humidified laparoscopy gas.
A distributed topology for identifying anomalies in an industrial environment
Authors: Zayas-Gato Francisco , Michelena Álvaro , Jove Esteban , Casteleiro-Roca José-Luis , Quintián Héctor , Novais Paulo , Méndez-Pérez Juan Albino , Calvo-Rolle José Luis 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe devastating consequences of climate change have resulted in the promotion of clean energies, being the wind energy the one with greater potential. This technology has been developed in recent years following different strategic plans, playing special attention to wind generation. In this sense, the use of bicomponent materials in wind generator blades and housings is a widely spread procedure. However, the great complexity of the process followed to obtain this kind of materials hinders the problem of detecting anomalous situations in the plant, due to sensors or actuators malfunctions. This has a direct impact on the features of the final product, with the corresponding influence in the durability and wind generator performance. In this context, the present work proposes the use of a distributed anomaly detection system to identify the source of the wrong operation. With this aim, five different one-class techniques are considered to detect deviations in three plant components located in a bicomponent mixing machine installation: the flow meter, the pressure sensor and the pump speed.