bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying conserved genes involved in crop tolerance to cold stress
Authors: Yousefi Sanaz , Marchese Annalisa , Salami Seyed Alireza , Benny Jubina , Giovino Antonio , Perrone Anna , Caruso Tiziano , Gholami Mansour , Sarikhani Hassan , Buti Matteo , Martinelli Federico 
Published: July 2022

Low temperature is a limiting factor for crop productivity in tropical and subtropical climates. Cold stress response in plants involves perceiving and relaying the signal through a transcriptional cascade composed of different transduction components, resulting in altered gene activity. We performed a meta-analysis of four previously published datasets of cold-tolerant and cold-sensitive crops to better understand the gene regulatory networks and identify key genes involved in cold stress tolerance conserved across phylogenetically distant species. Re-analysing the raw data with the same bioinformatics pipeline, we identified common cold tolerance-related genes. We found 236 and 242 commonly regulated genes in sensitive and tolerant genotypes, respectively. Gene enrichment analysis showed that protein modifications, hormone metabolism, cell wall, and secondary metabolism are the most conserved pathways involved in cold tolerance. Upregulation of the abiotic stress (heat and drought/salt) related genes [heat shock N-terminal domain-containing protein, 15.7 kDa class I-related small heat shock protein-like, DNAJ heat shock N-terminal domain-containing protein, and HYP1 (HYPOTHETICAL PROTEIN 1)] in sensitive genotypes and downregulation of the abiotic stress (heat and drought/salt) related genes (zinc ion binding and pollen Ole e 1 allergen and extensin family protein) in tolerant genotypes was observed across the species. Almost all development-related genes were upregulated in tolerant and downregulated in sensitive genotypes. Moreover, protein–protein network analysis identified highly interacting proteins linked to cold tolerance. Mapping of abiotic stress-related genes on analysed species genomes provided information that could be essential to developing molecular markers for breeding and building up genetic improvement strategies using CRISPR/Cas9 technologies.
Profiling inclusion characteristics in submerged arc welded metals of EH36 shipbuilding steel treated by CaF2–TiO2 fluxes
Authors: Yuan Xiaobo , Wu Yongwu , Zhong Ming , Basu Somnath , Wang Zhanjun , Wang Cong 
Published: July 2022

EH36 shipbuilding steel has been submerged arc welded under 6 kJ mm−1 heat input employing CaF2–TiO2 fluxes. Ensuing weld metals have been examined with an emphasis on inclusion characteristics. Compositional-wise, the inclusion ensemble is largely categorised as a complex Ti-containing type. It is demonstrated that, as a function of TiO2 content, the average Ti content in the inclusions is gradually enhanced, which is compensated by the simultaneous reduction of Al and Mn. Meanwhile, inclusion size distribution curves show log-normal patterns with the frequency peaks ranging from 0.3 to 0.4 μm. Furthermore, inclusion number density and volume fraction show a definitive increasing trend, which are concurrent to the O uptake from 110 to 210 ppm enabled by TiO2 decomposition.
Experimental comparison of partial discharge between fast-switching pulse waves and square waves
Authors: Emersic Christopher , Cotton Ian 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The behaviour of partial discharge has been examined for unipolar turn-to-turn-like waveforms with short 10%–90% rise-times of approximately 25 ns. Such waveforms simulate what may be seen between turns on random-wound inverter-fed electrical machines driven by ultra-fast switching wide-bandgap power semiconductors. The influence of pressure, voltage polarity, and pulse duration was examined, with particular focus on environments relevant to aerospace. Pulse waves were observed to generate distinct partial discharge behaviour relative to square waves, with important implications for detection and lifetime assessment. Partial discharge likelihood for pulse waves at a given voltage was reduced, with comparable discharge activity requiring an additional several hundred volts at both ambient pressure and 116 hPa. Partial discharge events typically occur sooner after voltage rise for shorter duration pulses, whereas discharges occasionally occurred over 1 ms after voltage rise for longer-duration 10–100 Hz square waves at lower pressures, which may be outside the window of detection of some instrumentation. While observations and stochastic behaviour were interpreted within the context of space charge and the latest understanding of Volume-Time theory, some observations have not been able to be accounted for. These include observed stochastic trends between partial discharge delay time and unipolar pulse duration not correlating well, a reduced delay between voltage change and partial discharge activity during voltage fall relative to rise, and the lack of observed partial discharge activity after voltage fall for unipolar voltage pulse durations less than 50 µs.
Numerical study of terahertz radiations from difference frequency generation with large spectral tunability and significantly enhanced conversion efficiencies boosted by 1D leaky modes
Authors: Jiang Hui , Han Zhanghua 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The nonlinear optical process of difference frequency generation (DFG) is a prominent technique to produce continuous-wave terahertz radiations while its low conversion efficiency calls for substantial enhancement using artificial structures. All-dielectric nanostructures supporting the quasi-bound states in the continuum (QBIC) appear as a promising approach to this end. To achieve the utmost of enhancement, both input lightwaves of the DFG should work at the QBIC conditions and in many cases a spectral tunability of the input wavelength is necessary. All these requirements go beyond the capability of conventional QBIC which can only happen within a narrow bandwidth for a given structure. In this work, we numerically demonstrate that these restrictions can be eliminated by using our recently proposed concept of one-dimensional leaky modes with ultrahigh Q factors and large operation bandwidth. Using an elaborately designed structures in the form of binary waveguide gratings (BWGs) made from LiNbO3 thin film, we demonstrate that a conversion efficiency enhanced by the order of 1011 can be achieved using the BWGs made from LiNbO3, compared to the case of a bare LiNbO3 thin film. Furthermore, enhanced THz generations over a large spectral range can be easily achieved by changing the incident angle of one input light beam while tuning its wavelength to match the requirement for the leaky resonance excitation at that angle.
First-principles study of the specific heat of glass at the glass transition with a case study on glycerol
Authors: Shirai Koun , Watanabe Kota , Momida Hiroyoshi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The standard method to determine the transition temperature (T

g
) of glasses is the jump in the specific heat,

Δ

C

p

. Despite its importance, standard theory for this jump is lacking. The difficulties include lack of proper treatment of the specific heat of liquids, hysteresis, and the timescale issue. The first part of this paper provides a non-empirical method for calculating the specific heat in the glass transition. The method consists of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations based on density-functional theory (DFT) and thermodynamics methods. Calculation of the total energy, which is the heart of DFT, is the most general method for obtaining specific heat for any state of matters. The influence of energy dissipation processes on specific heat is treated by adiabatic MD simulations. The problems of hysteresis and the timescale are alleviated by restricting the scope of calculations to equilibrium states only. The second part of this paper demonstrates the validity and usefulness of the methods by applying to the specific-heat jump of glycerol. By decomposing

Δ

C

p

into contributions of the structural, phonon, and thermal expansion energies, an appropriate interpretation for the specific-heat jump has been established: the major contribution to

Δ

C

p

is the change in the structural energy. From this, a neat energy diagram about the glass transition is obtained. An outcome of this study is verification of the empirical relationship between the fragility and the specific-heat jump. These two quantities scale to the ratio

k
=

T

g

/

Δ

T

g

, where

Δ

T

g

is the width of the transition, through which the two quantities are interrelated.
Probing the charge transfer mechanisms in type-II Cs2AgBiBr6-CdSe composite system: ultrafast insights
Authors: Kaur Gurpreet , Shukla Ayushi , Babu Kaliyamoorthy Justice , Bhatt Himanshu , Ghosh Hirendra N 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Lead-free halide-based double perovskites (DPs) have established themselves as the emerging nontoxic alternatives for photovoltaic (PV) applications thus substituting the long-standing lead halide perovskites. Among the prospective lead-free DPs, Cs2AgBiBr6 has gained immense popularity owing to the fascinating properties demonstrated by them including low carrier effective mass and microsecond lifetime for electron–hole recombination. Nevertheless, the large, indirect bandgap remains the prime hurdle that restrains commercialization of the Cs2AgBiBr6 DPs based PV devices. A rational solution could be designing its heterostructure with another suitable material that could mitigate the inadequacies of Cs2AgBiBr6 DPs. With this line of thought, herein we synthesized a composite of Cs2AgBiBr6 DPs with CdSe NCs and then performed transient absorption (TA) spectroscopic measurements to introspect its photophysical aspects. Executing excitation energy-dependent studies clearly reveal the carrier transfer efficiency to be strongly pump-dependent. Upon exciting with 350 nm pump, in compliance with the energy band alignment and tendency of both the constituents to be photoexcited across their bandgap, there is a bidirectional transfer of hot electrons anticipated in the composite system. Nevertheless, the TA outcomes indicate the transfer of hot electrons from CdSe to Cs2AgBiBr6 to be more favorable out of the bidirectional pathways. Employing further lower pump energies (480 nm) when only CdSe NCs are capable of being excited, the transfer efficiency of the electrons from CdSe to Cs2AgBiBr6 is noticed to be fairly low. Besides this, when the pump wavelength is tuned to 530 nm i.e. quite close to the CdSe band edge, no electron transfer is noticeable despite the anticipation from thermodynamic feasibility. Thus, as reflected by the TA kinetics, electron transfer is discerned to be more efficient from the hot states rather than the band edges. Most advantageously, charge separation is successfully achieved in this never explored composite architecture which eases the carrier extraction and minimizes the otherwise prevalent fast recombination processes.
Deformable image registration with deep network priors: a study on longitudinal PET images
Authors: Fourcade Constance , Ferrer Ludovic , Moreau Noémie , Santini Gianmarco , Brennan Aislinn , Rousseau Caroline , Lacombe Marie , Fleury Vincent , Colombié Mathilde , Jézéquel Pascal , Rubeaux Mathieu , Mateus Diana 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Objective. This paper proposes a novel approach for the longitudinal registration of PET imaging acquired for the monitoring of patients with metastatic breast cancer. Unlike with other image analysis tasks, the use of deep learning (DL) has not significantly improved the performance of image registration. With this work, we propose a new registration approach to bridge the performance gap between conventional and DL-based methods: medical image registration method regularized by architecture (MIRRBA). Approach.
MIRRBA is a subject-specific deformable registration method which relies on a deep pyramidal architecture to parametrize the deformation field. Diverging from the usual deep-learning paradigms, MIRRBA does not require a learning database, but only a pair of images to be registered that is used to optimize the network's parameters. We applied MIRRBA on a private dataset of 110 whole-body PET images of patients with metastatic breast cancer. We used different architecture configurations to produce the deformation field and studied the results obtained. We also compared our method to several standard registration approaches: two conventional iterative registration methods (ANTs and Elastix) and two supervised DL-based models (LapIRN and Voxelmorph). Registration accuracy was evaluated using the Dice score, the target registration error, the average Hausdorff distance and the detection rate, while the realism of the registration obtained was evaluated using Jacobian's determinant. The ability of the different methods to shrink disappearing lesions was also computed with the disappearing rate. Main results. MIRRBA significantly improved all metrics when compared to DL-based approaches. The organ and lesion Dice scores of Voxelmorph improved by 6% and 52% respectively, while the ones of LapIRN increased by 5% and 65%. Regarding conventional approaches, MIRRBA presented comparable results showing the feasibility of our method. Significance. In this paper, we also demonstrate the regularizing power of deep architectures and present new elements to understand the role of the architecture in DL methods used for registration.
Study on current discrepancy and redistribution of HTS non-insulation closed-loop coils during charging/discharging and subsequent transient process toward steady-state operation
Authors: Lu Li , Wu Wei , Gao Yusong , Pan Chengyun , Yu Xin , Zhang Chao , Jin Zhijian 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
It has been previously demonstrated that currents in HTS non-insulation (NI) coils exhibit a discrepant distribution during charging and discharging. However, for NI closed-loop coils, novel phenomena that arose from the current discrepancy have not been fully studied, especially during transient processes after charging and discharging, or more strictly speaking, after the persistent current switch returns to the superconducting state. For example, in our project of a prototype maglev system, a rapid decrease in the magnetic field was observed immediately after charging, which could be easily misinterpreted as a sign of local damage. However, the subsequent stability of the magnetic field with the expected decay rate of

<

1

%

d−1 illustrated that there was no such damage. To address this issue, in this study, a NI closed-loop coil was fabricated and simulated by an equivalent circuit model (per 46 turns as a L–R circuit element and 20 elements in total for 920 turns) coupled with a 3D finite-element-method model. Simulated results were in reasonable agreement with experimental measurements, demonstrating a significant discrepancy in azimuthal currents during charging and discharging; this is essentially due to variations in inductances across each turn of NI coils. In addition, azimuthal currents may initially flow in the direction opposite to the coil voltage in turns with lower resistivity relative to other turns. In correspondence with the observed novel phenomena, after charging or discharging, azimuthal currents undergo redistribution until converging to a stable value, which exhibits a transient process and leads to a rapid decrease or increase of magnetic field in specific positions. The following issues were also discussed: (1) the judgement of operational current could be disturbed by the discrepant current distribution, due to its impact on the spatial magnetic field, not only for NI closed-loop coils but also for open-loop ones; (2) the non-uniformity of currents in NI closed-loop coils is lower, compared to that in open-loop ones with the same joint resistance and turn-to-turn resistivity distribution; (3) a new strategy with multiple charging processes is necessary for precisely charging NI closed-loop coils to the target current.
Assessment of radon exhalation rates, effective radium content and radiological exposure dose, of coal and rocks in Tiru Valley Coal Field, India using track etched technique
Authors: Gogoi Pranjal Protim , Barooah Debajyoti 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In this study, the outcomes of assessments of radon exhalation rates for both mass and surface, radium content and annual effective dose from 45 numbers of geological samples in Tiru Valley Coal Field area are presented. The nuclear track detector LR-115 (II) of bulk etch rate, VB = 4 μm h−1 with a spark counter to archive alpha track density of radon was used to measure radon exhalation rate from the samples and to assess radiological exposure in the coalfield area, which has significant geological characteristics. In this work, the surface exhalation rates for coal, carbonaceous shale and sandstone samples have been estimated to be in the range of 217.4–659.9 mBq m−2 h−1, 234.0–381.1 mBq m−2 h−1 and 337.1–741.4 mBq m−2 h−1, respectively. The mass exhalation rates for coal, carbonaceous shale and sandstone samples varied in the range of 6.5–19.8 mBq kg–1 h−1, 7.0–11.4 mBq kg–1 h−1, and 10.1–22.2 mBq kg–1 h−1, respectively. The radium contents have been found to vary in the range of 6.7–20.3 Bq kg−1, 7.2–11.8 Bq kg−1 and 10.4–22.9 Bq kg−1 for coal, carbonaceous shale and sandstone respectively. The annual effective doses related to the inhalation of radon from the exposure to the samples have been estimated to be in the range of 15.8–47.9 μSv y−1, 17.0–27.7 μSv y−1 and 24.5–53.8 μSv y−1 for coal, carbonaceous shale and sandstone respectively. In this investigation, the lifetime fatality-risks have also been assessed. The values were generally higher in rock samples than in coal. However, the findings have shown that the obtained values are within the internationally accepted recommended values.
Generation of 12 W 257 nm laser pulses by sum-frequency generation based on LBO crystals
Authors: Cha Yong-Ho , Kim Suwon , Park Hyunmin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We have generated high-power deep ultraviolet laser pulses from a Yb-doped rod-type fiber laser through sum-frequency generation (SFG) based on lithium triborate (LBO) crystals. The 1030 nm nanosecond laser pulses from the fiber laser are frequency-tripled to 343 nm pulses with two LBO crystals, and the residual 1030 nm fundamental laser pulses are mixed with the 343 nm pulses in an LBO crystal for the generation of 257 nm pulses. The maximum 257 nm radiation power is 12 W with a repetition rate of 500 kHz, and the conversion efficiency from 1030 nm to 257 nm is 12%. It is observed that the power of 257 nm radiation is limited by the temperature increase in the LBO crystal used for the SFG.
Device Fabrication from Recycled Electronic Spare Parts: Dip Coating Device and High Voltage Power Supply Adapted for Electrospinning Device
Authors: Kumar Agarwal S S , Mendoza Enríquez B U , Hernández Rivera D 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Considering the rapidly increasing amounts of electronic waste, the task of its recycling and disposal is essential and increasingly important all over the world. Recycled components were used to create lab equipment, namely a high voltage power source, an electrospinning device, and a dip coating device. The high voltage power source was created with the purpose of powering the electrospinning device using electronic waste from microwaves, air conditioners, and cars although it can also be modified to power devices such as X-ray machines or ozone generators. On the other hand, the dip coating device was assembled using spare parts from a discarded printer. The validation of their functioning was demonstrated through the presence of sufficiently high voltages and the synthesis of polymeric nanofibers, which were found to be comparable to those produced in a BIOINICIA FLUIDNATEK LE 10. The production of homogeneous films estimated to be of nanometric proportions validated the functioning of the dip coating device. Such equipment can benefit research in locations with a lack of funds, as it is far more economic than the devices from well-established companies.
Predicting Solar Power Generation from Direction and Tilt Using Machine Learning XGBoost Regression
Authors: Kim Yongjun , Byun Yungcheol 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Electricity production using photovoltaic panels is widely used all over the world. Electricity generation using solar power is helping a lot in reducing the Earth’s carbon production. However, many photovoltaic panels are often installed improperly to produce maximum efficiency. This not only reduces the amount of electricity produced, but also wastes resources required to make solar panels. To solve this problem, the electricity production data using the longitude and latitude of the actual solar panel installation location in 5 regions in Korea, and the direction and tilt angle of the installation site are used to predict the electricity production by using the machine learning XGBoost regression model. A study was conducted to determine the direction and tilt angle of the installation site to generate maximum electricity production in longitude and latitude. Through this, the longitude and latitude of the solar panel installation location for maximum electricity production were analysed, and in the future, more local data will be used to get out of the limited area, and specific research efficiency will be brought.
Sine-Squared Pulse Approximation for Matched Filter Design Using Generalized Bessel Polynomials and Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: Chutchavong V , Anuwongpinit T , Pumee T , Benjangkaprasert C , Janchitrapongvej K 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This paper presents the study of mathematical characteristics of generalized Bessel polynomial that can be applied to approximate a sine-squared pulse for designing matched filters in communication systems. The proposed pulse can be designed by using the transfer function, in which the numerator is the five pairs of a transmissions zero pairs, and the generalized Bessel polynomial is used as the denominator. A parameters of generalized Bessel polynomials can be adjusted by particle swarm optimization to find the best parameter value. From the simulation results can be found that a parameter can be adjusted. A proposed pulse is close to the ideal response in mainlobe, and one sidelobe to four sidelobes with stability, which outperformed previous research.
Verification and Fault Analysis based on Combination of AADL and Modelica
Authors: Huang Tao , Cao Zining , Li Qing 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
CPS is a multidimensional complex system that can realize the interaction between computing process and physical process. Aiming at the problems of fault occurrence and uncertain behavior, this paper proposes the fault analysis stochastic hybrid automata as a formal model, the attributes of randomness and fault analysis are added through AADL behavior attachment to expand the attributes of hybrid automata, and applies the extended automata to the embedded system for system description and fault analysis. The model is used to model the fire control system, and AADL, Modelica and fault tree are combined to form a new model. The behavior is analyzed, and the conversion algorithm and conversion example are given.