bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Embodying disabled liminality: A matter of mal/adjustment to dis/ableism
Authors: García‐Santesmases Andrea , Sanmiquel‐Molinero Laura 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis article combines the line of work that links disability and liminality with feminist dis/ability studies to analyse how the ‘disabled body‐subject’ is produced and subjectified during hospitalisation and post‐hospitalisation. This analysis is based on six bodily itineraries conducted with three men and three women with a spinal cord injury (five with tetraplegia and one with paraplegia) acquired during their adolescence. First, we interpret hospitalisation as a phase of ‘acute liminality’ in which the disabled body‐subject starts being produced as suspicious, expropriated and de/gendered. Secondly, we illustrate how discharge and the ‘return’ to the community entail the formation of several bodily assemblages that embody mal/adjustment. This leaves the subject in a state of ‘sustained liminality’ plagued with paradoxes and ambivalence. We argue that both liminalities lead disabled subjects to do an emotional work consisting of adjusting to situations of affective disablism while also opening up spaces of resistance regarding heterosexist and ableist mandates. We conclude by pointing out the potentialities of a two‐way dialogue between medical sociology and dis/ability studies.
State‐Level Social and Economic Policies and Their Association With Perinatal and Infant Outcomes
Authors: WEBSTER JESSICA L. , PAUL DAVID , PURTLE JONATHAN , LOCKE ROBERT , GOLDSTEIN NEAL D. 
Published: February 2022

Policy Points
State‐level social and economic policies that expand tax credits, increase paid parental leave, raise the minimum wage, and increase tobacco taxes have been demonstrated to reduce adverse perinatal and infant health outcomes.
These findings can help prioritize evidence‐based legislated policies to improve perinatal and infant outcomes in the United States.
ContextRates of preterm birth and infant mortality are alarmingly high in the United States. Legislated efforts may directly or indirectly reduce adverse perinatal and infant outcomes through the enactment of certain economic and social policies.MethodsWe conducted a narrative review to summarize the associations between perinatal and infant outcomes and four state‐level US policies. We then used a latent profile analysis to create a social and economic policy profile for each state based on the observed policy indicators.FindingsOf 27 articles identified, nine focused on tax credits, eight on paid parental leave, four on minimum wages, and six on tobacco taxes. In all but three studies, these policies were associated with improved perinatal or infant outcomes. Thirty‐three states had tax credit laws, most commonly the earned income tax credit (n = 28, 56%). Eighteen states had parental leave laws. Two states had minimum wage laws lower than the federal minimum; 14 were equal to the federal minimum; 29 were above the federal minimum; and 5 did not have a state law. The average state tobacco tax was $1.76 (standard deviation = $1.08). The latent profile analysis revealed three policy profiles, with the most expansive policies in Western and Northeastern US states, and the least expansive policies in the US South.ConclusionsState‐level social and economic policies have the potential to reduce adverse perinatal and infant health outcomes in the United States. Those states with the least expansive policies should therefore consider enacting these evidence‐based policies, as they have shown a demonstratable benefit in other states.
Public History and Collective Transformation: A Case Study of Un/Learning the State
Authors: Krafft Erin Katherine , Davis Rikki , Meza‐Reidpath E. Denise 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn the summer of 2020, amidst global pandemic and protest, a youth‐centred non‐profit organisation in Providence, RI, USA led a series of sessions meant to introduce participants to histories of slavery, incarceration, policing, abolition and transformative justice practices. Ultimately, it was an extremely successful experiment in popular education that revealed multiple dynamics: the failings of traditional education to engage with such histories; the uses of contextualising our own lives within the histories we have inherited; the importance of collaborative exploration of such histories and what Paulo Freire refers to as ‘problem‐posing’ pedagogical models; and the necessity to engage deeply with histories of violence and resistance if we are committed to mitigating contemporary forms of violence and transforming our relationships with each other and within society as a whole. Our case study of these sessions, consisting of dialogue, reflection, research and critical theory, will creatively illuminate these and other dynamics through a deep mapping of the way the sessions and their content were situated within our own collaboration and within our larger community.
Managing risk, governmentality and geoinformation: Vectors of vulnerability in the mapping of COVID‐19
Authors: Oluoch Isaac O. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn the wake of the COVID‐19 pandemic, a range of technological as well as legislative measures were introduced to monitor, track and prevent the spread of the COVID‐19 virus across the world. The measures taken by governments across the world have relied upon the use of geoinformation from satellites, drones, online dashboards and contact tracing apps to render the virus more visible, which has been instrumental in two ways. First, geoinformation has been helpful in organizing efforts for capacity building, in mapping communities living in deprived urban areas (referred to commonly as ‘slums’) and their response to COVID‐19 measures. These efforts have been part of initiatives by the United Nations as well as NGOs, using geoinformation to inform urban policymaking by representing the social, political and environmental issues facing those living in deprived urban areas. And secondly, geoinformation has also been used to control the spread of the pandemic by monitoring and limiting the behaviour of citizens through various technologies. This form of geoinformation‐driven governmentality, I will contend from critical geography and surveillance studies perspective endangers ethical values such as trust and solidarity, agency, transparency along with the rights and values of citizens.
Clinical features and risk factors associated with mortality in critically ill children requiring continuous renal replacement therapy
Authors: Duyu Muhterem , Turkozkan Ceren 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe aims of this study were to describe the demographic characteristics of critically ill children requiring continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) at our pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and to explore risk factors associated with mortality.MethodsA retrospective cohort of 121 critically ill children who received CRRT from May 2015 to May 2020 in the PICU of a tertiary healthcare institution was evaluated.ResultsOverall mortality was 29.8%. In patients diagnosed with sepsis, time until CRRT initiation was significantly shorter in survivors compared to non‐survivors (p = 0.036). Based on multivariate logistic regression, presence of comorbidity (OR: 5.71), diagnoses of pneumonia/respiratory failure at admission (OR:16.16), and high lactate level at CRRT initiation (OR:1.43) were independently associated with mortality.ConclusionIn the context of the population studied, mortality rate was lower than previously reported. Despite having a large series, heterogenous characteristics and limitations in subgroups may have influenced results and survival.
Relationship between high‐risk alcohol consumption and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) seroconversion: a prospective sero‐epidemiological cohort study among American college students
Authors: Kianersi Sina , Ludema Christina , Macy Jonathan T. , Chen Chen , Rosenberg Molly 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimsTo estimate the associations between high‐risk alcohol consumption and (1) severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) seroconversion, (2) self‐reported new SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and (3) symptomatic COVID‐19.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingIndiana University Bloomington (IUB), IN, USA.ParticipantsA total of 1027 IUB undergraduate students (64% female), aged 18 years or older, residing in Monroe County, Indiana, seronegative for SARS‐CoV‐2 at study baseline.MeasurementsPrimary exposure was high‐risk alcohol consumption measured with an Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) questionnaire score of 8 or more. Primary outcome was SARS‐CoV‐2 seroconversion since baseline, assessed with two SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody tests, at baseline (September 2020) and end‐line (November 2020). Secondary outcomes were (a) self‐reported new SARS‐CoV‐2 infection at the study end‐line and (b) self‐reported symptomatic COVID‐19 at baseline.FindingsPrevalence of high‐risk alcohol consumption was 32 %. In models adjusted for demographics, students with high‐risk alcohol consumption status had 2.44 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.35, 4.25] times the risk of SARS‐CoV‐2 seroconversion and 1.84 (95% CI = 1.04, 3.28) times the risk of self‐reporting a positive SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, compared with students with no such risk. We did not identify any association between high‐risk alcohol consumption and symptomatic COVID‐19 (prevalence ratio = 1.17, 95% CI = 0.93, 1.47). Findings from sensitivity analyses corroborated these results and suggested potential for a dose–response relationship.ConclusionsAmong American college students, high‐risk alcohol consumption appears to be associated with higher risk for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 seroconversion/infection.
The role of the ADVanced Organ Support (ADVOS) system in critically ill patients with multiple organ failure
Authors: Acharya Metesh , Berger Rafal , Popov Aron‐Frederik 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundMulti‐organ failure characterized by acute kidney injury, liver dysfunction, and respiratory failure is a complex condition associated with high mortality, for which multiple individual support devices may be simultaneously required. This review aims to appraise the current evidence for the ADVanced Organ Support (ADVOS) system, a novel device integrating liver, lung, and kidney support with blood detoxification.MethodsWe performed a literature review of the PubMed database to identify human and animal studies evaluating the ADVOS system.ResultsIn porcine models of acute liver injury and small clinical studies in humans, ADVOS significantly enhanced the elimination of water‐soluble and protein‐bound toxins and metabolites, including creatinine, ammonia, blood urea nitrogen, and lactate. Cardiovascular parameters (mean arterial pressure, cerebral perfusion pressure, and cardiac index) and renal function were improved. ADVOS clears carbon dioxide (CO2) effectively with rapid correction of pH abnormalities, achieving normalization of CO2, and bicarbonate levels. In patients with COVID‐19 infection, ADVOS enables rapid correction of acid–base disturbance and respiratory acidosis. ADVOS therapy reduces mortality in multi‐organ failure and has been shown to be safe with minimal adverse events.ConclusionsFrom the small observational studies analyzed, ADVOS demonstrates excellent detoxification of water‐soluble and protein‐bound substances. In particular, ADVOS permits the correction of metabolic and respiratory acidosis through the fluid‐based direct removal of acid and CO2. ADVOS is associated with significant improvements in hemodynamic and biochemical parameters, a trend toward improved survival in multi‐organ failure, and is well‐tolerated. Larger randomized trials are now necessary to further validate these encouraging results.
Flicker‐induced retinal vascular dilation in ipsi‐ and contralateral eyes of patients with carotid stenosis before and after carotid endarterectomy: a prospective study
Authors: Ala‐Kauhaluoma Marianne , Vikatmaa Pirkka , Koskinen Suvi M. , Ijäs Petra , Nuotio Krista , Silvennoinen Heli , Relander Kristiina , Lindsberg Perttu J. , Soinne Lauri , Summanen Paula A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPurposeRetinal vascular function was assessed in patients with carotid stenosis (CS) before and six months after carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and in controls at a six‐month interval.MethodsWe studied 68 patients (81% male, mean age 69) and 41 healthy non‐medicated controls (77%, 68) from March 2015 to December 2018. Our ophthalmological examination included flicker‐induced arteriolar and venular measurements with a Dynamic Vessel Analyser in both eyes.ResultsAt baseline, flicker‐induced arteriolar and venular dilation was reduced in the ipsilateral eyes of the patients compared with dilation in the controls (arteriolar 1.0% versus 2.6%, p = 0.001 and venular 2.2% versus 2.8%, p = 0.049). These differences subsided after CEA. In patients' ipsilateral eyes, flicker‐induced arteriolar dilation was borderline postoperatively (preoperative 1.0% versus postoperative 1.6%, p = 0.06), whereas venular dilation increased (2.2% versus 2.8%, p = 0.025). We found various tentative associations with the change in flicker‐induced dilations after CEA, but not with the preoperative dilations.ConclusionsPostoperative recovery of the reduced flicker‐induced arteriolar and venular dilatation in the ipsilateral eye shows that, after CEA, the activity‐dependent vascular reactivity of haemodynamically compromised retinal tissue can improve.
Prediction of the axial lens position after cataract surgery using deep learning algorithms and multilinear regression
Authors: Langenbucher Achim , Szentmáry Nóra , Cayless Alan , Wendelstein Jascha , Hoffmann Peter 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe prediction of anatomical axial intraocular lens position (ALP) is one of the major challenges in cataract surgery. The purpose of this study was to develop and test prediction algorithms for ALP based on deep learning strategies.MethodsWe evaluated a large data set of 1345 biometric measurements from the IOLMaster 700 before and after cataract surgery. The target parameter was the intraocular lens (IOL) equator plane at half the distance between anterior and posterior apex. The relevant input parameters from preoperative biometry were extracted using a principal component analysis. A selection of neural network algorithms was tested using a 5‐fold cross‐validation procedure to avoid overfitting. The results were then compared with a traditional multilinear regression in terms of root mean squared prediction error (RMSE).ResultsCorneal radius of curvature, axial length, anterior chamber depth, corneal thickness, lens thickness and patient age were identified as effective predictive parameters, whereas pupil size, horizontal corneal diameter and Chang–Waring chord did not enhance the model. From the tested algorithms, the Gaussian prediction regression and the Support Vector Machine algorithms performed best (RMSE = 0.2805 and 0.2731 mm), outperforming the multilinear prediction model (0.3379 mm). The mean absolute prediction error yielded 0.1998, 0.1948 and 0.2415 mm for the respective models.ConclusionModern prediction techniques may have the potential to outperform traditional multilinear regression techniques as they can deal easily with nonlinearities between input and output parameters. However, in all cases a cross‐validation is mandatory to avoid overfitting and misinterpretation of the results.
Experiences of mothers of children with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities in the Czech Republic
Authors: Sedláčková Dagmar , Kantor Jiří , Dömischová Ivona , Kantorová Lucia 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe objective of this study is to explore experiences of Czech mothers caring for children with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities.MethodsSemistructured interviews combined with biographical narration of mothers of children with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities and a short questionnaire for demographic data were used for data collection. Data analyses were carried out according to Van Manen's approach, including defining the main themes and description of the lived experiences of mothers.FindingsThe dominant themes that emerged from the interviews were (1) losses and limits, (2) increased demands and exhaustion, (3) worries, (4) challenges connected to help and support, (5) transformation, (6) pleasures with contentment of the child and a small development and (7) functional support.ConclusionsThe findings demonstrate that mothers of children with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities are at risk of facing many kinds of life difficulties, but the children have also positive impact on the mothers' lives. Relevant professionals and policy makers should be aware of the needs and challenges experienced by this vulnerable population.
An investigation of the relationship between nutritional behaviours and nutritional self‐efficacy in children
Authors: Çeltek Orhan Öznur , Karayagız Muslu Gonca , Manav Gulay , Kara Recep 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn this study, we examined the nutritional behaviours of secondary school children and the factors affecting their nutritional self‐efficacy as well as the relationship between nutritional behaviours and nutritional self‐efficacy.MethodsWe determined from the BMIs of the 462 students participating in the study in the Fethiye district of Muğla province that 48.5% were underweight, 46.5% were normal and 5% were overweight.ResultsThe participating children's grade in school and their father's education affected their nutritional behaviours. We observed at the same time that the ‘child's grade in school’, ‘father's education’ and ‘income level’ affected the ‘Nutritional Self‐Efficacy Scale’ mean score. A positive and significant relationship was found between the Nutritional Self‐Efficacy Scale and Nutritional Behaviour Scale mean scores of the children participating in the study.ConclusionsWe concluded that a useful recommendation for health professionals working in programmes aiming to improve children's eating habits would be to focus on initiatives that improve nutritional self‐efficacy and nutritional behaviours.
The effect of ownership structure on investment decisions under exogenous shocks
Authors: Ramírez Cristian , Tarziján Jorge , Lagos Gustavo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractResearch Question/IssueWe assess how ownership concentration influences the sensitivities of expansion investments and maintenance investments to changes in a firm's cash flow. We find the causal effect by exploiting the exogenous variation in the price of a firm's product. We also evaluate whether state versus private ownership affects the impact of ownership concentration on investment–cash flow sensitivities.Research Findings/InsightsUsing detailed data from 134 major copper mines operating in 29 countries over a 17‐year period, we show that a more concentrated ownership increases the sensitivity of expansion investments to changes in a firm's cash flow, while we do not detect a significant effect for maintenance investments. We also find that state ownership negatively moderates the effects of ownership concentration on the expansion investment–cash flow sensitivity.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsThe findings improve our understanding of ownership structures and show the nuances of these structures when different ownership features are combined in the assessment of investment sensitivities.Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsThe asymmetric effects of ownership structures on different investment sensitivities call for a more fine‐grained analysis of incentives, benchmarking, and information disclosure policies. This issue is especially relevant in state‐owned enterprises (SOEs) and in firms with a low ownership concentration.
Type 1 diabetes, cognitive ability and incidence of cardiovascular disease and death over 60 years of follow‐up time in men
Authors: Dybjer Elin , Dahl Aslan Anna K. , Engström Gunnar , Nilsson Erik D. , Nägga Katarina , Nilsson Peter M. , Hassing Linda B. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimsThere are few cohorts of type 1 diabetes that follow individuals over more than half a century in terms of health outcomes. The aim of this study was to examine associations between type 1 diabetes, diagnosed before age 18, and long‐term morbidity and mortality, and to investigate whether cognitive ability plays a role in long‐term morbidity and mortality risk.MethodsIn a Swedish cohort, 120 men with type 1 diabetes and 469 without type 1 diabetes were followed between 18 and 77 years of age as regards morbidity and mortality outcomes, and impact of cognitive ability at military conscription for the outcomes. In Cox regression analyses and Kaplan‐Meier analyses with log‐rank tests, associations between diabetes and cognitive ability respectively, and outcomes (mortality, cardiovascular morbidity and diabetes complications) were investigated.ResultsMen with type 1 diabetes suffered from dramatically higher mortality (HR 4.62, 95% CI: 3.56–5.60), cardiovascular mortality (HR 5.60, 95% CI: 3.27–9.57), and cardiovascular events (HR 3.97, 95% CI: 2.79–5.64) compared to men without diabetes. Higher cognitive ability at military conscription was associated with lower mortality in men without diabetes, but was not associated with any outcome in men with diabetes.ConclusionsIn this historical cohort study with 60 years of follow‐up time and a less effective treatment of diabetes than today, mortality rates and cardiovascular outcomes were high for men with type 1 diabetes. Morbidity or mortality did not differ between those that had low to normal or high cognitive ability among men with type 1 diabetes.
Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) and semaglutide inhibit food intake and body weight through largely distinct, additive mechanisms
Authors: Ghidewon M. , Wald H.S. , McKnight A. D. , De Jonghe B. C. , Breen D. M. , Alhadeff A. L. , Borner T. , Grill H. J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimsTo evaluate whether the potent hypophagic and weight‐suppressive effects of growth differentiation factor‐15 (GDF15) and semaglutide combined would be a more efficacious antiobesity treatment than either treatment alone by examining whether the neural and behavioural mechanisms contributing to their anorectic effects were common or disparate.Materials/MethodsThree mechanisms were investigated to determine how GDF15 and semaglutide induce anorexia: the potentiation of the intake suppression by gastrointestinal satiation signals; the reduction in motivation to feed; and the induction of visceral malaise. We then compared the effects of short‐term, combined GDF15 and semaglutide treatment on weight loss to the individual treatments. Rat pharmaco‐behavioural experiments assessed whether GDF15 or semaglutide added to the satiating effects of orally gavaged food and exogenous cholecystokinin (CCK). A progressive ratio operant paradigm was used to examine whether GDF15 or semaglutide reduced feeding motivation. Pica behaviour (ie, kaolin intake) and conditioned affective food aversion testing were used to evaluate visceral malaise. Additionally, fibre photometry studies were conducted in agouti‐related protein (AgRP)‐Cre mice to examine whether GDF15 or semaglutide, alone or in combination with CCK, modulate calcium signalling in hypothalamic AgRP neurons.ResultsSemaglutide reduced food intake by amplifying the feeding‐inhibitory effect of CCK or ingested food, inhibited the activity of AgRP neurons when combined with CCK, reduced feeding motivation and induced malaise. GDF15 induced visceral malaise but, strikingly, did not affect feeding motivation, the satiating effect of ingested food or CCK signal processing. Combined GDF15 and semaglutide treatment produced greater food intake and body weight suppression than did either treatment alone, without enhancing malaise.ConclusionsGDF15 and semaglutide reduce food intake and body weight through largely distinct processes that produce greater weight loss and feeding suppression when combined.