bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Small molecules as modulators of regulated cell death against ischemia/reperfusion injury
Authors: Chen Dan‐Qian , Guo Yan , Li Xin , Zhang Guo‐Qiang , Li Ping 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIschemia/reperfusion (IR) injury contributes to disability and mortality worldwide. Due to the complicated mechanisms and lack of proper therapeutic targets, few interventions are available that specifically target the pathogenesis of IR injury. Regulated cell death (RCD) of endothelial and parenchymal cells is recognized as the promising intervening target. Recent advances in IR injury suggest that small molecules exhibit beneficial effects on various RCD against IR injury, including apoptosis, necroptosis, autophagy, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, and parthanatos. Here, we describe the mechanisms behind these novel promising therapeutic targets and explain the machinery powering the small molecules. These small molecules exert protection by targeting endothelial or parenchymal cells to alleviate IR injury. Therapies of the ideal combination of small molecules targeting multiple cell types have shown potent synergetic therapeutic effects, laying the foundation for novel strategies to attenuate IR injury.
Changes in teacher attitudes relating to climate science
Authors: White P. Troy , Wolf Kattlyn J. , Johnson‐Maynard Jodi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe establishment of the Next Generation Science Standards brought climate science into standards‐based education. However, teachers face challenges implementing these standards, including a lack of resources and textbooks, which may not accurately describe climate science or the forces driving those changes. A climate science workshop was conducted to give teachers an agriculturally based climate change curriculum. Using agriculture as the context for teaching about climate change provided teachers with opportunities to tie local, real‐world climate change examples to their students’ lives. Teachers attending the workshop expressed similar opinions to the general population ranging from climate change denial to alarm before receiving the training. Teachers’ opinions relating to climate science changed following the presentation of climate science presented as an integrated component of modern agronomic production. Teachers appreciated receiving facts and being allowed to decide for themselves about the severity of the changing climate. Contrary to what teachers reported anticipating, communities considered skeptical of climate change claims were accepting of an agriculturally based curriculum presenting climate change and adaptation as scientific facts void of political agendas.
Metastatic rhabdomyosarcoma: Evidence of the impact of radiotherapy on survival. A retrospective single‐center experience
Authors: Ferrari Andrea , Bergamaschi Luca , Chiaravalli Stefano , Livellara Virginia , Sironi Giovanna , Nigro Olga , Puma Nadia , Gattuso Giovanna , Morosi Carlo , Gasparini Patrizia , Caccavo Roberta , Pecori Emilia , Alessandro Ombretta , Vennarini Sabina , Gandola Lorenza , Massimino Maura , Casanova Michela 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe prognosis for patients with metastatic rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) remains largely unsatisfactory despite the adoption of intensive multimodal therapy. To assess the role of different treatments adopted over the years, we retrospectively analyzed a cohort of patients <21 years old with metastatic RMS, treated from 1990 to 2020 at a referral center for pediatric sarcomas.MethodsPatients were treated using a multimodal approach that included surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy (both high‐dose chemotherapy and maintenance therapy in some cases). The type of radiotherapy administered was categorized as radical (to all sites of disease); partial (to at least one, but not all sites of disease); or none. A landmark analysis was used to examine the impact of radiotherapy on survival, that is, patients who had an event before day 221 were excluded from the analysis.ResultsThe series included 80 patients. Event‐free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) rates at 5 years were 17.3% and 21.3%, respectively. Survival was significantly associated with radiotherapy to metastatic sites, and with the radiotherapy category. In particular, 5‐year EFS and OS rates were 70.6% and 76.0% for patients given radical radiotherapy, and 4.8% and 10.7%, respectively, for those given partial radiotherapy or none. Using the Cox multivariable analysis, OS correlated significantly with radiotherapy category.ConclusionsWhile confirming the poor overall outcome of patients with metastatic RMS, this study identified radiotherapy—when given to all sites of disease (including metastases)—as the main variable influencing survival.
More is simpler: Decomposition of ligand‐binding affinity for proteins being disordered
Authors: Wang Xiaohui , Chong Bin , Sun Zhaoxi , Ruan Hao , Yang Yingguang , Song Pengbo , Liu Zhirong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn statistical mechanics, it is well known that the huge number of degrees of freedom does not complicate the problem as it seems, but actually greatly simplifies the analysis (e.g., to give a Boltzmann distribution). Here, we reveal that the ensemble averaging from the vast conformations of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) greatly simplifies the nature of binding affinity, which can be reliably decomposed into a sum of the ligandability of IDP and the capacity of ligand. Such an unexpected regularity is applied to facilitate the virtual screening upon IDPs. It also provides essential insight in understanding the specificity difference between IDPs and conventional ordered proteins since the specificity is caused by deviation from the baseline behavior of protein–ligand binding.
Mechanisms underlying the impact and interaction of temperature and UV‐B on the hatching of spider mite and phytoseiid mite eggs
Authors: Yuan Lifeng , Osakabe Masahiro 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDA spider mite control method using night‐time ultraviolet (UV)‐B irradiation was recently developed for strawberry greenhouses (UV method). The control effect of this UV method is negatively affected by increasing temperature. Tetranychus urticae eggs are more resistant to a single dose of UV‐B irradiation than Neoseiulus californicus eggs. By contrast, N. californicus can better survive nightly UV‐B irradiation with the UV method compared with T. urticae. To elucidate the mechanism underlying these phenomena, we explored the hypotheses that higher temperature promotes photoenzymatic repair (PER) and that mortality is determined by UV‐B susceptibility in the embryonic stage exposed to UV‐B.RESULTSPER efficacy was not promoted by increasing temperature. The lowest hatchability (around zero) of T. urticae eggs after a single dose of UV‐B irradiation (0.288 and 0.432 kJ m−2) without photoreactivation was seen in the morphogenesis stages between “cleavage ended” and “eye points became colored”. Based on these results, we developed a linear function of daily UV‐B irradiance and deviation of cumulative irradiance during vulnerable embryonic developmental phases from 50% lethal dose (LD50) after a single dose of UV‐B irradiation. The difference between T. urticae and N. californicus and changes in UV‐B vulnerability due to temperature could be explained by this simple relationship.CONCLUSIONSlower development in T. urticae than N. californicus in nature and developmental delay under low temperatures increase the ovicidal effects of the UV method. This shows the advantage of the simultaneous use of the UV method and biological control, contributing to the development of integrated pest management. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Efficacy of hot water treatment for postharvest control of western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis, in French beans
Authors: Mwando Nelson L , Ndlela Shepard , Subramanian Sevgan , Mohamed Samira A , Meyhöfer Rainer 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis, is a quarantine pest of French beans that requires phytosanitary treatment to meet quarantine requirements for strict lucrative markets. In this study, the efficacy of hot water treatment against F. occidentalis eggs and its effects on the postharvest physicochemical quality parameters of French beans was evaluated.ResultsThe immersion time of 8.01 min (95% critical limits CL 7.77–8.24) was predicted by the probit model as the minimum time required to achieve a 99.9968% control level. Confirmatory tests with a large number of F. occidentalis eggs were performed to validate the estimated time to achieve probit‐9 control level, and there were no survivors from the 50 103 eggs treated. Likewise, none of the 55 364 eggs exposed to 45 ± 0.2 °C for 7 min (observational time) survived. The effect of the treatment schedule on French beans quality parameters was assessed and there were no differences in weight loss, moisture content, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, pH, and reducing sugars between treated and untreated samples.ConclusionOur results indicate that hot water treatment (at 45 ± 0.2 °C for a duration of 8.01 min is an effective phytosanitary treatment for the control of Frankliniella occidentalis on French beans, with no significant impact on pods quality. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Understanding proton transfer in non‐aqueous biopolymers based on helical peptides: A quantum mechanical study
Authors: Bian Jiang , Cruz Anthony , López‐Morales Gabriel , Kyrylenko Anton , McGregor Donna , López Gustavo E. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHistidine (an imidazole‐based amino acid) is a promising building block for short aromatic peptides containing a proton donor/acceptor moiety. Previous studies have shown that polyalanine helical peptides substituted at regular intervals with histidine residues exhibit both structural stability as well as high proton affinity and high conductivity. Here, we present first‐principle calculations of non‐aqueous histidine‐containing 310‐, α‐, and π‐helices and show that they are able to form hydrogen‐bonded networks mimicking proton wires that have the ability to shuttle protons via the Grotthuss shuttling mechanism. The formation of these wires enhances the stability of the helices, and our structural characterizations confirm that the secondary structures are conserved despite distortions of the backbones. In all cases, the helices exhibit high proton affinity and proton transfer barriers on the order of 1–4 kcal/mol. Zero‐point energy calculations suggest that for these systems, ground state vibrational energy can provide enough energy to cross the proton transport energy barrier. Additionally, ab initio molecular dynamics results suggests that the protons are transported unidirectionally through the wire at a rate of ~2 Å every 20 fs. These results demonstrate that efficient deprotonation‐controlled proton wires can be formed using non‐aqueous histidine‐containing helical peptides.
Pharmacological Activation of the HIF Pathway Exerts Distinct Proliferative Effects in MDA‐MB‐231 and MCF7 cells**
Authors: Chan Yan Ying , Chan Mun Chiang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHypoxia‐mimicking agents (HMAs) are molecules or compounds used to mimic hypoxia via the activation of the hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF) pathway. HMAs have been reported to exert both pro‐ and anti‐proliferative in human breast cancer cell lines, although the reason for such dichotomy remains unclear. To investigate this, we first studied the proliferative effects of HMAs using metabolic‐based MTT assay in comparison to manual cell counting. The MTT assay did not reproduce the results from manual cell counting, suggesting that such metabolic‐based assays are unreliable in studies involving the hypoxia pathway. Next, using the manual cell counting method, we investigated the effects of HMAs with distinct mechanisms of action, including IOX2, a well‐characterised and selective inhibitor of the HIF prolyl‐hydroxylases (PHDs). All tested HMAs inhibit proliferation of MCF7 cells but induced proliferation of MDA‐MB‐231 cells to a certain extent. The results show that the HMAs affect proliferation of human breast cancer cells, likely via upregulation of HIF. The effects of HIF activation on cancer cell proliferation are important given the ongoing clinical trials of inhibitors targeting the PHDs for the treatment of anaemia.
A Convenient Wittig‐Horner Mediated Synthesis of 3‐Vinylsulfide Derivatives of Indoles
Authors: Brites Nathan P. , Dilelio Marina C. , Schumacher Ricardo F. , Kaufman Teodoro S. , Silveira Claudio C. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA simple and robust coupling protocol is reported to provide the previously unknown indole derivatives carrying vinylsulfide motifs attached to C−3 of the heterocycle. The developed strategy involved a Wittig‐Horner reaction with different phosphinoxide derivatives. The reaction conditions were optimized and its scope and limitations were assessed. The target compounds, including 3‐arylvinylsulfides as well as symmetric and dissymmetric bis‐vinylsulfides, were obtained in a straightforward way, as mixtures of geometric isomers, in good to excellent yields.
Na1.51Fe[Fe(CN)6]0.87·1.83H2O Hollow Nanospheres via Non‐Aqueous Ball‐Milling Route to Achieve High Initial Coulombic Efficiency and High Rate Capability in Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Xu Chun‐Mei , Peng Jian , Liu Xiao‐Hao , Lai Wei‐Hong , He Xiang‐Xi , Yang Zhuo , Wang Jia‐Zhao , Qiao Yun , Li Li , Chou Shu‐Lei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPrussian blue analogues (PBAs) have attracted extensive attention as cathode materials in sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) due to their low cost, high theoretical capacity, and facile synthesis process. However, it is of great challenge to control the crystal vacancies and interstitial water formed during the aqueous co‐precipitation method, which are also the key factors in determining the electrochemical performance. Herein, an antioxidant and chelating agent co‐assisted non‐aqueous ball‐milling method to generate highly‐crystallized Na2‐xFe[Fe(CN)6]y with hollow structure is proposed by suppressing the speed and space of crystal growth. The as‐prepared Na2‐xFe[Fe(CN)6]y hollow nanospheres show low vacancies and interstitial water content, leading to a high sodium content. As a result, the Na‐rich Na1.51Fe[Fe(CN)6]0.87·1.83H2O hollow nanospheres exhibit a high initial Coulombic efficiency, excellent cycling stability, and rate performance via a highly reversible two‐phase transition reaction confirmed by in situ X‐ray diffraction. It delivers a specific capacity of 124.2 mAh g−1 at 17 mA g−1, presenting ultra‐high rate capability (84.1 mAh g−1 at 3400 mA g−1) and cycling stability (65.3% capacity retention after 1000 cycles at 170 mA g−1). Furthermore, the as‐reported non‐aqueous ball‐milling method could be regarded as a promising method for the scalable production of PBAs as cathode materials for high‐performance SIBs.
Shear behavior of glass FRP bars‐reinforced ultra‐high performance concrete I‐shaped beams
Authors: Cao Xia , He Dabo , Qian Kai , Fu Feng , Deng Xiao‐Fang , Wang Lei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this paper, the shear behavior of glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars reinforced ultra‐high‐performance concrete (UHPC) beams was investigated through experimental tests. Eight GFRP bars reinforced UHPC I‐beams were tested until shear failure with various stirrup ratio, reinforcement ratio, and shear span to depth ratio. The shear capacity, load–deflection relationship, cracking pattern, and failure mode were investigated in detail. The results show that the shear span to depth ratio has the greatest influence on the shear capacity of the beam among the three parameters, followed by the stirrup ratio and reinforcement ratio. The stirrup configuration can significantly improve the shear capacity and deformation resistance of the beam and can effectively reduce the stress concentration caused by the uneven distribution of steel fibers, which affects the failure mode of the beam. Increasing the stirrup ratio and reinforcement rate can improve the stiffness of the beam after cracking, and the larger the shear span to depth ratio is, the more significant the improvement effect is. Moreover, the stirrup enables the full development of the tensile capacity of GFRP bars. The existing equations of shear strength from five design codes and seven literatures are compared to the experimental results of 54 UHPC beams. It showed that the formula from the codes AFGC‐2013 and JSCE‐2006 codes is more accurate. The equations by Kwak, Jin, and Thiemicke's provide the best predictions.
Abstinence following intermittent methylphenidate exposure dose‐dependently modifies brain glucose metabolism in the rat brain
Authors: Arnavut Eliz , Hamilton John , Yao Rutao , Sajjad Munawwar , Hadjiargyrou Michael , Komatsu David , Thanos Panayotis K. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMethylphenidate (MP) is a psychostimulant chronically prescribed for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Additionally, MP users may take breaks from using the medication during “drug holidays,” which may include short‐term or long‐term breaks from medication. The present study utilized fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) to analyze the effects of chronic oral MP use and abstinence on brain glucose metabolism (BGluM) in rats at two different doses: high dose (HD) and low dose (LD). The schedule of treatment was 3 weeks on‐treatment and 1 week off‐treatment for a period of 13 weeks, followed by an abstinence period of 4 total weeks. Results showed that chronic MP treatment using this schedule did not lead to significant changes in BGluM when comparing the control to HD MP groups. However, significant activation in BGluM was observed after periods of abstinence between control and HD MP rats in the following brain regions: the trigeminal nucleus, reticular nucleus, inferior olive, lemniscus, mesencephalic reticular formation, inferior colliculus, and several areas of the cerebellum. These brain regions and functional brain circuit play a role in facial sensory function, the auditory pathway, organizing connections between the thalamus and cortex, motor learning, auditory function, control over eye movement, auditory information integration, and both motor and cognitive functions. These results, when considered with previous studies, indicate that MP schedule of use may have differing effects on BGluM. BGluM following long‐term MP use was dependent on MP dose and schedule of use in rats. This study was conducted in non‐ADHD model rats with the aim to establish an understanding of the effects of MP itself, especially given the growing chronic off‐label and prescribed use of MP. Further studies are needed for analysis of the drug's effects on an ADHD model.
Complete mitochondrial genome sequence and comparative analysis of the cultivated yellow nutsedge
Authors: Niu Lu , Zhang Yuanyu , Yang Chunming , Yang Jing , Ren Wei , Zhong Xiaofang , Zhao Qianqian , Xing Guojie , Zhao Yongguo , Yang Xiangdong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAs a monocotyledonous plant in family Cyperaceae, yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus L.) is unique in accumulating a substantial amount of oil in underground tubers and provides a model system for studying oil accumulation in nonseed tissues. However, no data on the mitochondrial and nuclear genome sequences of this species are available, which greatly limits our understanding of its evolutionary characteristics and some essential biological mechanisms. In the present study, we report the first complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the cultivated yellow nutsedge. The analysis of the genome showed that the yellow nutsedge mitochondrial genome is 1,002,696 bp in size and encodes 62 genes consisting of 36 protein‐coding genes (PCGs), 20 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, and six ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. Compared with other angiosperms, yellow nutsedge mitochondrial genome contains much higher percentage of noncoding sequences (95.36%). Sixteen plastid‐derived fragments were identified to be strongly associated with mitochondrial genes including one intact plastid‐related gene (ndhH). Comparative analysis with seven other sequenced plant mitochondrial genomes revealed that two syntenic gene clusters, rps3‐rpl16 and rps12‐nad3, are highly conserved in all plant mitochondrial genomes, and the mitochondrial genome of yellow nutsedge is more similar to those of monocotyledons in the gene order. Phylogenetic analysis based on 13 shared protein‐encoding genes in eight plant species showed that yellow nutsedge is evolutionarily more closely related to monocotyledonary species. Overall, the species‐specific features of the cultivated yellow nutsedge mitochondrial genome provide additional information for the evolutionary and comparative genomic studies in the yellow nutsedge and other Cyperus species of the Cyperaceae family.
Electroweak phase transition in the Z3-invariant NMSSM: Implications of LHC and Dark matter searches and prospects of detecting the gravitational waves
Authors: Chatterjee Arindam , Datta AseshKrishna , Roy Subhojit 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We study in detail the viability and the patterns of a strong first-order electroweak phase transition as a prerequisite to electroweak baryogenesis in the framework of Z3-invariant Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (NMSSM), in the light of recent experimental results from the Higgs sector, dark matter (DM) searches and those from the searches of the lighter chargino and neutralinos at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). For the latter, we undertake thorough recasts of the relevant, recent LHC analyses. With the help of a few benchmark scenarios, we demonstrate that while the LHC has started to eliminate regions of the parameter space with relatively small μeff, that favors the coveted strong first-order phase transition, rather steadily, there remains phenomenologically much involved and compatible regions of the same which are yet not sensitive to the current LHC analyses. It is further noted that such a region could also be compatible with all pertinent theoretical and experimental constraints. We then proceed to analyze the prospects of detecting the stochastic gravitational waves, which are expected to arise from such a phase transition, at various future/proposed experiments, within the mentioned theoretical framework and find them to be somewhat ambitious under the currently projected sensitivities of those experiments.
Tensors and spinors in de Sitter space
Authors: Pethybridge Ben , Schaub Vladimir 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We construct the Wightman function for symmetric traceless tensors and Dirac fermions in dSd+1 in a coordinate and index free formalism using a d + 2 dimensional ambient space. We expand the embedding space formalism to cover spinor and tensor fields in any even or odd dimension. Our goal is to furnish a self-contained toolkit for the study of fields of arbitrary spin in de Sitter, with applications to cosmological perturbation theory. The construction for spinors is shown in extensive detail. Concise expressions for the action of isometry generators on generic bulk fields, the 2-point function of bulk spinors, and a derivation of the uplift of the spinorial covariant derivative are included.
Two-phase Stokes flow by capillarity in the plane: The case of different viscosities
Authors: Matioc Bogdan–Vasile , Prokert Georg 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe study the two-phase Stokes flow driven by surface tension for two fluids of different viscosities, separated by an asymptotically flat interface representable as graph of a differentiable function. The flow is assumed to be two-dimensional with the fluids filling the entire space. We prove well-posedness and parabolic smoothing in Sobolev spaces up to critical regularity. The main technical tools are an analysis of nonlinear singular integral operators arising from the hydrodynamic single and double layer potential, spectral results on the corresponding integral operators, and abstract results on nonlinear parabolic evolution equations.