bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A qualitative exploration to understand barriers and facilitators to daily oral PrEP uptake and sustained adherence among HIV‐negative women planning for or with pregnancy in rural Southwestern Uganda
Authors: Atukunda Esther Cathyln , Owembabazi Moran , Pratt Madeline Claire , Psaros Christina , Muyindike Winnie , Chitneni Pooja , Bwana Mwebesa Bosco , Bangsberg David , Haberer Jessica Elizabeth , Marrazzo Jeanne , Matthews Lynn Turner 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionAntiretroviral pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) may reduce periconception and pregnancy HIV incidence among women in settings, where gender power imbalances limit HIV testing, engagement in care and HIV viral suppression. We conducted qualitative interviews to understand factors influencing periconception and pregnancy PrEP uptake and use in a cohort of women (Trial registration: NCT03832530) offered safer conception counselling in rural Southwestern Uganda, where PrEP uptake was high.MethodsBetween March 2018 and January 2019, in‐depth interviews informed by conceptual frameworks for periconception risk reduction and PrEP adherence were conducted with 37 women including those with ≥80% and <80% adherence to PrEP doses measured by electronic pill cap, those who never initiated PrEP, and seven of their male partners. Content and dyadic analyses were conducted to identify emergent challenges and facilitators of PrEP use within individual and couple narratives.ResultsThe median age for women was 33 years (IQR 28, 35), 97% felt likely to acquire HIV and 89% initiated PrEP. Individual‐level barriers included unwillingness to take daily pills while healthy, side effects and alcohol use. Women overcame these barriers through personal desires to have control over their HIV serostatus, produce HIV‐negative children and prevent HIV transmission within partnerships. Couple‐level barriers included nondisclosure, mistrust and gender‐based violence; facilitators included shared goals and perceived HIV protection, which improved communication, sexual intimacy and emotional support within partnerships through a self‐controlled method. Community‐level barriers included multi‐level stigma related to HIV, ARVs/PrEP and serodifference; facilitators included active peer, family or healthcare provider support as women aspired to safely meet socio‐cultural expectations to conceive and preserve serodifferent relationships. Confidence in PrEP effectiveness was promoted by positive peer experiences with PrEP and ongoing HIV testing.ConclusionsMulti‐level forms of HIV‐, serodifference‐ and disclosure‐related stigma, side effects, pill burden, alcohol use, relationship dynamics, social, professional and partnership support towards adaptation and HIV risk reduction influence PrEP uptake and adherence among HIV‐negative women with plans for pregnancy in rural Southwestern Uganda. Confidence in PrEP, individually controlled HIV prevention and improved partnership communication and intimacy promoted PrEP adherence. Supporting individuals to overcome context‐specific barriers to PrEP use may be an important approach to improving uptake and prolonged use.
Gab2 promotes acute myeloid leukemia growth and migration through the SHP2-Erk-CREB signaling pathway
Authors: Gong Rui , Li Haoying , Liu Yaqi , Wang Yanyan , Ge Lu , Shi Liuzhi , Wu Guang , Lyu Jianxin , Gu Haihua , He Licai 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a hematologic malignant disease largely affecting older adults with poor outcomes. Lack of effective targeted treatment is a major challenge in managing the disease in the clinic. Scaffolding adaptor Gab2 is amplified in a subset of AML. However, the causative role of Gab2 in AML remains to be explored. In this study, it was found that Gab2 was expressed at high levels in AML patient samples and AML cell lines. Experiments by knocking down Gab2 expression using shRNA showed that Gab2 promoted AML cell growth and migration in vitro and in vivo. Further studies using Gab2 mutants and pharmacological inhibitors revealed that Gab2 increased CREB phosphorylation via the SHP-2/Erk signaling pathway. CREB phosphorylation contributed to Gab2-induced cell migration by increasing MMP2 and MMP9 expression. This research indicates that high Gab2 expression promotes AML progression through the SHP2-Erk-CREB signaling pathway. CREB suppression may help treat AML with high Gab2 expression.
Development of a Piezoelectric Actuated Tactile Stimulation Device for Population Receptive Field Mapping in Human Somatosensory Cortex With fMRI
Authors: Wu Jinglong , Wang Chenyu , Wang Luyao , Wang Yutong , Yang Jiajia , Yan Tianyi , Suo Dingjie , Wang Li , Liu Xin , Zhang Jian 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundMultichannel tactile stimulation devices is need to investigate human finger population receptive field (pRF) characteristics in the primary somatosensory cortex during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).PurposeTo accurately characterize right‐hand somatosensory representation based on the Bayesian pRF model.Study TypeProspective.PopulationA water phantom and six healthy participants (four males, mean 23.8 years old).Field Strength/SequenceT1‐weighted magnetization‐prepared rapid gradient‐echo, T2*‐weighted echo planar imaging at 3 T.AssessmentThe piezoelectric actuated tactile stimulation device consisted of execution unit and control unit. The output performance of the device was measured by a laser displacement sensor. The effect of the device on images' signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) was measured by phantom experiments. The activation representation arrangement order, relative volumes, and receptive field size of the right hand were assessed during the along‐digits and cross‐digits paradigms.Statistical TestsThe normality of the data was tested by the Shapiro–Wilk method. A paired‐sample t test was performed to test pRF characteristics for all digit pairings. The significance level was set to P = 0.05 (false discovery rate [FDR] correct).ResultsPercussive stimulation provided by the piezoelectric actuated tactile stimulator had a stable displacement (2.64 mm) over a wide range of vibration frequencies (0–30 Hz). The output delay of the device was 1 millisecond. The device did not affect the image's SNR (without the device: SNR = 138.24 ± 7.87, temporal SNR [TSNR] = 440.03 ± 52.08. With the device: SNR = 138.06 ± 8.44, TSNR = 438.52 ± 56.38. PSNR = 0.88, PTSNR = 0.46). Representations of right‐hand fingers showed the same arrangement order in both experiments (D1–D5 arranged along the central sulcus). However, the relative volumes of D3 showed significant differences in S1 (P = 0.003). Among four subareas, the relative volumes of D3 were significantly different in area 1 (P = 0.047).Data ConclusionThis developed stimulator, through experimental verification, could play a role in pRF mapping exploration.Level of Evidence2Technical Efficacy Stage1
Internal Jugular Vein Geometry Under Multiple Inclination Angles with 3D Low‐Field MRI in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: van Zandwijk Jordy K. , Kuijer Koen M. , Stassen Chrit M. , ten Haken Bernard , Simonis Frank F.J. 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundCerebral venous pathways are subjected to geometrical and patency changes due to body position. The internal jugular veins (IJVs) are the main venous drainage pathway in supine position. Their patency and geometry should be evaluated under different body inclination angles over a three‐dimensional (3D) volume in the healthy situation to better understand pathological cases.PurposeTo investigate whether positional changes in the body can affect the geometrical properties and patency of the venous system.Study TypeProspective.Population15 healthy volunteers, of which seven males and median age 22 years in a range of 19–59.Field Strength/SequenceA 0.25‐T tiltable MRI system was used to scan volunteers in 90° (sitting position), 69°, 45°, 21°, and 0° (supine position) in the transverse plane with the top at vertebra C2. A gradient echo sequence was used.AssessmentThree observers assessed IJVs on patency and created automatic centerlines from which diameter and patency were analysed perpendicular to the vessel at every 4 mm starting at the level of C2.Statistical TestsA Student's t test was used to find statistical difference (p < 0.05) in average IJV diameters per inclination angle.ResultsThe amount of fully collapsed IJVs increased from 33% to 93% (left IJV) and 14% to 80% (right IJV) when increasing the inclination angle from 0° to 90°. In both IJVs, the mean diameter (±SD) of the open vessels was significantly higher at 0° than 90° with 6.3 ± 0.5 mm vs. 4.4 ± 0.1 mm (left IJV) and 6.6 ± 0.6 mm vs. 4.3 ± 0.4 mm (right IJV).Data ConclusionTiltable low‐field MRI can be used to assess IJV geometry and its associated venous pathways in 3D under multiple inclination angles. Next to a higher amount of collapsed vessels, the average diameter of noncollapsed vessels decreases with increasing inclination angles for both left and right IJVs.Level of Evidence2Technical Efficacy Stage1
Reverse genetics systems for SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Wang Wenhao , Peng Xiaoxue , Jin Yunyun , Pan Ji‐An , Guo Deyin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has caused severe public health crises and heavy economic losses. Limited knowledge about this deadly virus impairs our capacity to set up a toolkit against it. Thus, more studies on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) biology are urgently needed. Reverse genetics systems, including viral infectious clones and replicons, are powerful platforms for viral research projects, spanning many aspects such as the rescues of wild‐type or mutant viral particles, the investigation of viral replication mechanism, the characterization of viral protein functions, and the studies on viral pathogenesis and antiviral drug development. The operations on viral infectious clones are strictly limited in the Biosafety Level 3 (BSL3) facilities, which are insufficient, especially during the pandemic. In contrast, the operation on the noninfectious replicon can be performed in Biosafety Level 2 (BSL2) facilities, which are widely available. After the outbreak of COVID‐19, many reverse genetics systems for SARS‐CoV‐2, including infectious clones and replicons are developed and given plenty of options for researchers to pick up according to the requirement of their research works. In this review, we summarize the available reverse genetics systems for SARS‐CoV‐2, by highlighting the features of these systems, and provide a quick guide for researchers, especially those without ample experience in operating viral reverse genetics systems.
Forecasts of MJO during DYNAMO in a coupled tropical channel model, Part I: Impact of parameterization schemes
Authors: Hu Yun , Wang Xiaochun , Luo Jing‐Jia , Wang Dongxiao , Yan Huiping , Yuan Chaoxia , Lin Xia 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA coupled tropical channel model is developed to forecast the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) event during the Dynamics of the MJO (DYNAMO) campaign period. Eight sets of 30‐day hindcast experiments are performed using different combinations of cumulus parameterization and planetary boundary layer (PBL) schemes. The results indicate that a well‐simulated mean state is a prerequisite for MJO forecast, and the model's ability to reproduce the mean state is sensitive to the parameterization schemes. The experiment with Tiedtke (TDK) cumulus parameterization and University of Washington (UW) PBL schemes can successfully predict the MJO event. Over the equatorial Indian Ocean, this experiment has a good representation of zonal sea surface temperature (SST) gradient and low‐level westerly wind, favouring a reasonable atmospheric circulation. As a result of boundary‐layer convergence in the eastern Indian Ocean, more water vapour is gathered in the low‐middle troposphere by updrafts, contributing to the PBL moistening ahead of the MJO convection and the eastward‐propagation of MJO precipitation. Further analysis reveals that the high cloud is accompanied by strong convection. A better simulation in tropical high cloud fraction helps trap the cloud radiation heating to warm middle‐upper troposphere, which promotes the MJO propagation. Our results suggest that the selection of proper parameterization schemes with a better‐simulated mean state is crucial to predicting the MJO event in the tropical channel model.
Daily snowfall events on the Eurasian continent: CMIP6 models evaluation and projection
Authors: Lin Wenqing , Chen Huopo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study evaluated the performance of 23 models participating in Phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) in simulating snowfall variation across the Eurasian continent. The results show that the CMIP6 multi‐model ensemble (MME) can reasonably capture the climate means of snowfall indices for 1995–2014 period and has high pattern correlations with observations. However, most of CMIP6 models generally overestimate snowfall amounts, snowfall days and snowfall duration, and the overestimation is much clearer in spring. The performance of these models in simulating snowfall events with different grades (including light snowfall, moderate snowfall, heavy snowfall and snowstorm) becomes gradually poorer with higher snowfall levels. On the whole, the comprehensive model ranks implied that NorESM2‐MM, NorESM2‐LM and CESM2‐WACCM models showed the best performances. In addition, the CMIP6 MME outperforms individual models in terms of both spatial–temporal features and interannual variability; thus, the MME is used to project the snowfall change in the 21st century. Further evaluations show that by the end of this century, snowfall will decrease in most of Eurasia with an average value of 16.7% (31.3%) under the SSP2‐4.5 (SSP5‐8.5) scenarios, and snowfall days will decrease by 12.6 days (25.0 days); the snowfall duration will shorten further due to the first date of snowfall occurrence will postpone by 12.7 days (23.0 days) and the last date further advance by 15.0 days (26.7 days). Additionally, heavy snowfall, snowstorms and their number of days will increase over part of Northern Asia, the Tibetan Plateau and Central Asia, where the risk of snowfall extremes will increase. However, large inter‐model and scenario uncertainties also exist in the CMIP6 model projection of snowfall events, which requires further improvement.
Diagnostics of observed dry trends in Caribbean precipitation
Authors: Zermeño‐Díaz David Maximiliano 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDuring the last decades, the variability of the Caribbean precipitation has been characterized by dry trends over land. Aiming to gain insights into their drivers from an observational perspective, in this study such trends are diagnosed in relation to their concomitant low‐tropospheric circulation by applying linear regressions and Canonical Correlation Analysis to different datasets, but particularly using GPCP and ERA5 for the 1979–2019 period. During this period, two multidecadal modes of natural variability exhibited one‐signed trends: the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) exhibited a positive trend, and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) exhibited a negative trend. However, as shown by the results, the influence of these large‐scale trends cannot be directly associated with the dry precipitation trends: their influence would explain a pattern of anomalous low‐tropospheric westerlies that typically tends to cause episodes of above‐average rainfall. Also, the observed dry trends cannot be associated with two circulation features that cause dry episodes in the region: an intrusion of the North Atlantic subtropical high, and an intensified Caribbean Low‐Level Jet. On the other hand, the results suggest that the dry trends might have been intensified by the land–sea contrast trend that has characterized the effects of global warming on the low‐tropospheric pressure fields during the last decades; land–sea contrast would increase the vertical stability over land, suppressing convection. From these results, the influence of the AMO and the PDO is speculated to have been instrumental in preventing even drier trends. These insights suggest that dry trends in the region might be expected to worsen in the coming decades since the AMO and the PDO are expected to change their phase, and the land–sea contrast trend is expected to continue with a positive trend.
Strategic behavior for hotel standby upgrade programs: Empirical evidence and pricing implications
Authors: Yılmaz Övünç , Ferguson Mark , Pekgün Pelin , Shang Guangzhi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMany hotels have recently started to offer room upgrades digitally after the completion of booking to replace traditional front‐desk upselling during check‐in. Quickly becoming popular for upselling the premium rooms that may otherwise go unsold, standby upgrade—an availability‐based, discounted premium room upgrade—is a prominent example. However, customers, in particular loyalty members, may become knowledgeable about standby upgrades through repeated interactions with this technology, and act strategically, that is, initially choose a standard room with the expectation of being offered a premium room discount through standby upgrades. Consequently, while enjoying the benefits of this program, hotels may face the potential cannibalization of premium sales due to such strategic behavior and need to adjust their pricing accordingly. Using a major hotel chain's 16‐month booking and standby upgrades data, we empirically investigate the existence and extent of strategic customers in the context of standby upgrades. After showing preliminary evidence of potential strategic behavior, we develop a maximum likelihood estimator to estimate the percentage of customers who are strategic. This estimator captures the sequential nature of customer decision‐making for standby upgrades (booking decision, clicking the standby upgrades offer, and requesting an upgrade) through a Sequential Logit Model. We find evidence of strategic behavior in three (out of eight) hotels examined. Considering both a weak‐form and a strong‐form strategic behavior, our estimates suggest that 12%–42% of the loyalty customers act strategically in these three properties. We then propose a new pricing policy to help hoteliers maximize their premium room revenues from direct bookings and standby upgrade requests. This policy recommends a discounted full price, but also a higher standby upgrade price for loyalty customers, which can bring a revenue improvement of up to 19% over a policy ignoring the strategic behavior and 34% over a policy assuming that all customers are strategic—two reasonable benchmarks without an estimate of the fraction of strategic customers. Our research, thus, provides insights for technology managers on the potential customer behavioral challenges that a hotel may face with the adoption of a disruptive digital technology, and how existing policies may need to be adjusted for the technology to be successful.
Estimating the complex patterns of survey availability for loggerhead turtles
Authors: Hatch Joshua M. , Haas Heather L. , Sasso Christopher R. , Patel Samir H. , Smolowitz Ronald J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSuccessful management strategies are important for conservation and allow accurate surveying and monitoring of populations for presence, abundance, and trend. This becomes challenging for cryptic, low‐density species, and for animals that have complicated life histories where not every stage of the life cycle can be surveyed effectively. We used information from animal‐borne data loggers to characterize the dive‐surfacing behavior of cryptic loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) in the northwest Atlantic from 2009–2018. Our data covered a large geographic area off the east coast of North America, and allowed us to present estimates for and variation in 3 metrics that can be used to assess availability bias affecting visual surveys: average dive duration, average surface duration, and the proportion of time at the surface. We used a stochastic partial differential equation approach to construct spatiotemporal regression models for the availability bias metrics. Model predictions showed pronounced individual, spatial, and spatiotemporal (seasonal) variation among the 245 turtles. Overall, we estimated an average dive duration of 14.5 ± 1.36 minutes (SE), an average surface duration of 15.1 ± 2.77 minutes, and an average proportion of time at the surface of 0.50 (95% CI = 0.41–0.59). We made predictions of the 3 availability bias metrics on a 20‐km × 20‐km grid and further used predictions to explore seasonal variations. Our results contribute new insights into loggerhead turtle behavior and provide information that enables survey counts to be translated into more accurate abundance estimates.
Ultrasound‐targeted cationic microbubbles combined with the NFκB binding motif increase SDF‐1α gene transfection: A protective role in hearts after myocardial infarction
Authors: Yu Cai‐Gui , Deng Qing , Cao Sheng , Zhao Zhi‐Yu , Mei Dan‐E , Feng Chuang‐Li , Zhou Qing , Chen Jin‐Ling 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTreatment of myocardial infarction (MI) remains a major challenge. The chemokine family plays an important role in cardiac injury, repair, and remodeling following MI, while stromal cell‐derived factor‐1 alpha (SDF‐1α) is the most promising therapeutic target. This study aimed to increase SDF‐1α expression using a novel gene delivery system and further explore its effect on MI treatment. In this study, two kinds of plasmids, human SDF‐1α plasmid (phSDF‐1α) and human SDF‐1α‐ nuclear factor κB plasmid (phSDF‐1α‐NFκB), were constructed and loaded onto cationic microbubble carriers, and the plasmids were released into MI rabbits by ultrasound‐targeted microbubble destruction. The transfection efficiency of SDF‐1α and the degree of heart repair were further explored and compared. In the MI rabbit models, transfection with phSDF‐1α‐NFκB resulted in higher SDF‐1α expression in peri‐infarct area compared with transfection with phSDF‐1α or no transfection. Upregulation of SDF‐1α was shown beneficial to these MI rabbit models, as demonstrated with better recovery of cardiac function, greater perfusion of the myocardium, more neovascularization, smaller infarction size and thicker infarct wall 1 month after treatment. Ultrasound‐targeted cationic microbubbles combined with the NFκB binding motif could increase SDF‐1α gene transfection, which would play a protective role after MI.