bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of biochar doses under various levels of salt stress on soil nutrient availability, soil enzyme activities and plant growth in a marigold crop
Authors: Premalatha R. P. , Malarvizhi P. , Parameswari E. 
Published: July 2022

Context Biochar application not only remediates soils contaminated by heavy metals but also improves soil fertility and plant growth in salt-affected soils. Aims The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of water source salinity and biochar on soil properties and growth of a marigold (Tagetes erecta) crop. Methods This pot study used a factorial completely randomised design with four levels of salinity of the water source (0.04, 2.01, 3.32 and 5.16 dS m−1) and five biochar doses (0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10 t ha−1). Salinity treatments contained different proportions of treated tannery effluent, and biochar was derived from water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes). Soil physico-chemical properties, nutrient contents and enzyme activities, and plant biomass, were measured during crop growth and post-harvest. Key results Water salinity level and biochar dose both had significant effects on soil properties. Higher salinity of water and biochar dose increased soil pH, whereas electrical conductivity decreased with biochar application in soils receiving higher salinity water. Soil organic carbon and available nutrients were significantly affected by salinity level and biochar dose. Irrespective of salinity level, biochar application at 10 t ha−1 increased soil organic carbon and available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium by 40.5%, 23.1%, 15.2% and 30.5% in post-harvest soils. Enzyme activities and plant growth were significantly reduced at higher salt levels, whereas application of biochar improved these parameters. Conclusions The results indicate that application of biochar at 10 t ha−1 significantly promotes nutrient availability and enzyme activities in soils with various levels of salinity. Biochar application enables plant growth primarily by trapping the soluble salts on the pore space available in its surface. Implications Biochar application may help to mitigate nutrient deficiency and crop failure under salt-stress conditions.
Connecting hapū māmā (pregnant women) early to a lead maternity carer: striving for equity using the Best Start-Pregnancy Tool
Authors: Jardine Marie , Topping Chloe , Jansen Rawiri McKree 
Published: August 2022

Introduction In Aotearoa New Zealand, lead maternity carers (LMCs) provide maternity care through pregnancy and birth, until 6 weeks’ postpartum. An early LMC connection in pregnancy is associated with better maternal and perinatal health outcomes. However, hapū māmā (pregnant women) may experience barriers to engaging with LMC, delaying screening, risk assessments, and education. These barriers contribute to inequitable health outcomes for Māori māmā and pēpi (Māori mothers and babies). A pro-equity approach to maternity care is warranted. Aim To investigate the LMC plan at the first point of contact with a primary care provider once pregnancy is confirmed, as well as selected risk factors to maternal and perinatal health for Māori and non-Māori hapū māmā. Methods Data entered by primary care providers into the Best Start-Pregnancy Tool were analysed for 482 pregnant women from November 2020 to December 2021. Results Most hapū māmā planned for midwifery care. About one-third of hapū māmā had engaged with a midwife before their first GP visit after a confirmed pregnancy. Māori hapū māmā were more likely to present with risk factors to maternal and perinatal health than non-Māori hapū māmā. Discussion Primary healthcare providers have an expectation to connect hapū māmā to a LMC by 10 weeks’ gestation. More research is needed to identify how to best support Māori hapū māmā to access a LMC early in pregnancy. The Best Start Kōwae is an accessible online tool (currently in an implementation phase) for primary care providers and LMCs that promotes equitable health outcomes for Māori māmā and pēpi.
Retrieval of photoionization group delay in chirped-attosecond pulses photoelectron streaking experiments
Authors: Zhao Xi , Liu Jiahao , Luo Guoxiang , Wei Changli 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Photoionization time delays have been investigated in many streaking experiments in which an extreme ultraviolet (XUV) attosecond pulse is used to ionize the target in the presence of a dressing infrared laser field. The discrepancies between the photoionization time delays thus experiment measured and those from many sophisticated theoretical simulations have generated a great deal of controversy in recent years. The difficulty of achieving an accuracy of the retrieved time delays comes from two facts: a so-called wavepacket approximation is introduced to construct the photoionization electron wavepacket, this approximation is invalid if atto-chirp of XUV is non-zero; the other one is that the lower sensitivity of the streaking spectra to the phase of the photoionization transition dipole. Here we present a time delay retrieval method born from our recently proposed ‘phase retrieval of broadband pulses auto correlation’ (PROBP-AC) technology to overcome above limitations. We carefully exam the validity of our method and make a few compare with some other common used retrieval codes, and the simulations demonstrate that more accurate results can be retrieved using PROBP AC. Based on the present method, the angular dependent photoionization time delays can also be retrieved. Our investigation casts doubts on the measured group time delays in previous streaking experiments. We also mention here that a single photoionization group time delay at the XUV peak energy is not enough to represent a complete photoemission process; instead, a fully characterization of the photoionization group time delay over the whole bandwidth of the wave packet is required.
Exact solutions to the angular Teukolsky equation with s ≠ 0
Authors: Chen Chang-Yuan , Wang Xiao-Hua , You Yuan , Sun Dong-Sheng , Lu Fa-Lin , Dong Shi-Hai 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We first convert the angular Teukolsky equation under the special condition of τ ≠ 0, s ≠ 0, m = 0 into a confluent Heun differential equation (CHDE) by taking different function transformation and variable substitution. And then according to the characteristics of both CHDE and its analytical solution expressed by a confluent Heun function (CHF), we find two linearly dependent solutions corresponding to the same eigenstate, from which we obtain a precise energy spectrum equation by constructing a Wronskian determinant. After that, we are able to localize the positions of the eigenvalues on the real axis or on the complex plane when τ is a real number, a pure imaginary number, and a complex number, respectively and we notice that the relation between the quantum number l and the spin weight quantum number s satisfies the relation l = ∣s∣+ n, n = 0, 1, 2···. The exact eigenvalues and the corresponding normalized eigenfunctions given by the CHF are obtained with the aid of Maple. The features of the angular probability distribution (APD) and the linearly dependent characteristics of two eigenfunctions corresponding to the same eigenstate are discussed. We find that for a real number τ, the eigenvalue is a real number and the eigenfunction is a real function, and the eigenfunction system is an orthogonal complete system, and the APD is asymmetric in the northern and southern hemispheres. For a pure imaginary number τ, the eigenvalue is still a real number and the eigenfunction is a complex function, but the APD is symmetric in the northern and southern hemispheres. When τ is a complex number, the eigenvalue is a complex number, the eigenfunction is still a complex function, and the APD in the northern and southern hemispheres is also asymmetric. Finally, an approximate expression of complex eigenvalues is obtained when n is greater than ∣s∣.
The SAGEX review on scattering amplitudes Chapter 12: Amplitudes and collider physics
Authors: White Chris D 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We explore how various topics in modern scattering amplitudes research find application in the description of collider physics processes. After a brief review of experimentally measured quantities and how they are related to amplitudes, we summarise recent developments in perturbative QFT, and how they have impacted our ability to do precision physics with colliders. Next, we explain how the study of (next-to-)soft radiation is directly relevant to increasing theoretical precision for key processes at the LHC and related experiments. Finally, we describe the various techniques that are used to turn theoretical calculations into something more closely approaching the output of a particle accelerator.
The Impact of Inoculation with Azotobacter and Azospirillum Bacteria and Chemical Fertilizer on Barley Growth (Hordeum Vulgare L.)
Authors: Farhan Mohammed Jarullah , Khalefah Khalaf Mahmood , Mahdi Altai Salahaldeen Hammadi , Alsajri Firas Ahmed 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
To investigate the effect of using bio-inoculation and chemical fertilizers on barley Hordeum vulgare L. growth, one experiment was applied using sterile soil with a silty clay loam at the Agriculture College Research Station, Tikrit University, Tikrit, Iraq. Completely Random Design (CRD) with two factors, bio and chemical fertilizers, and four levels for each was used to layout the experiment. The biofertilizers treatments were non as a check (NC), Azotobacter (AZ), Azospirillum (AS), Azotobacter and Azospirillum (ASAZ) while the chemical fertilizers levels were 0, 50, 75, and 100 % of barley fertilizers recommendation, which was 120 kg. h-1 NPK. the biofertilizers with ASAZ increased barley plant height, 33.28 cm, dry weight, 5.73 g. plant-1, root weight, 4.86 g. plant-1, and absorbent N, 2.97%, P, 0.35%, K, 2.61% for barley, which were higher than other treatments. Also, the results showed the interaction ASAZ with 75% of barley’s fertilizers recommendation had a higher average for all traits. In short, using biofertilizers reduced 25% of the chemical fertilizer cost.
Selenium Adsorption as Influenced by Different Anions in some Middle Euphrates Soils
Authors: AbdulKadium Safa Mahdi , Abbood Al-Janabi Hadi Yasir 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Adsorption Selenium (Se) levels in soils may be changed by a variety of variables. such as compecting anion. Investigated adsorption behavior for two top soil different properties, aiming to describe selenium adsorption in selected centrial Iraq soils. (Awfi) Samples were collected comprising clayed soil, Which Se adsorption tests were performed on the samples. After a 72-hour reaction with increasing concentrations of Se(0-400 µg mL-1) added as Na2SeO4, adsorption was measured. In the presence of Sulphate and Phosphate, which are usually applied in an inorganic form to soils. Soil properties affected adsorption capability of se, i.e. Se adsorped amount were higher for Awfi soils. The adsorption of Se on soils increased as the amount of Se supplied increased, both in the presence and absence of cometic anions. Se adsorption followed Langmuir’s and Freundlich’s equations. There are no competing anions in the absence of any, adsorption maxima of Se 87.719 μg g-1 The data from K and XM adequately reflected the adsorption of Se in the examined soils. This was ascribed to the existence of higher concentrations of competing anions, particularly sulphate and phosphate.
Effect of Bio-Inoculum, Compost, and Humic Acid on NPK Availability in Tomato Soils
Authors: Abd Ali Haitham Mohsen , Kamal Jawad Abdul-Kadhim 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The study aimed to determine the influence of biological inoculation and organic fertilizer on the availability of nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium (N.P.K.) in protected tomato soil. During the 2021 agricultural season, the experiment was conducted in greenhouses in the Al-Azzawiya area / Babylon Governorate (longitude 44.5E and latitude 32.7N). Bacterial bio-inoculum was used and compared with the control (S0 and S1), three levels of compost (C0, C1, C2) tons.ha-1, and three levels of organic fertilizer Humus (H0, H1, H2) and the interaction between them in nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium were used. The results of the statistical analysis resulted in higher values of the triple interaction treatment (S1 + H2 + C2) than the control by giving it the highest mean concentration of available nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium in the soil (48.70, 19.71, 255.33) mg.kg-1.soil for each, respectively.
Potassium Forms Status in Some Iraqi Sedimentary Soils and Effect of Cultivation on It
Authors: Hamid Mohammed Malik , Kadhim Aws Jawad 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A field experiment was carried out in Al-Hussainiya area / Al-Mussaib district within Babil Governorate to study the extraction and estimation of potassium in cultivated soil, and bush soil, and uncultivated soil, to identify the state of the soil in terms of its ability to supply potassium (poor potassium - moderate potassium - rich in potassium). Soil samples were collected from the study area in the period (1-4-2022) for each soil from the surface depth (0-30) cm and sub-surface (30-60) cm. Potassium was extracted from the study soil and the amount of potassium Soluble in water, and the exchangable, reserve-K, primary step-K and total step-K, and total K. The value of reserve-K was 0.40 and 0.46 cmol in the cultivated soil, 0.99 and 1.07 cmol in the uncultivated soil, 0.66 and 0.87 cmol in the bush soil and the surface and subsurface layers, respectively, and the initial step-K values were 0.213 and 0.487 cmol in the cultivated soil and 0.845 and 0.929 cmol in uncultivated soil and 0.48 and 0.511 bush soil, and value of total step-K was 0.982 and 0.944 cmol in the cultivated soil, 3.073 and 3.136 cmol in the uncultivated soil, 2.795 and 2.109 cmol in the bush soil and the surface and subsurface layers, respectively. Based on the results obtained and under the conditions of this study, the concentration of potassium Soluble in water and exchangable within the content of the dry and semi-arid areas, and that the exploitation of the soil by intensive cultivation constantly led to a decrease in the values of step-K and reserve-K, and that the concentration of step-K and reserve-K is lower in the subsurface layers (30- 60) cm in the cultivated soil and the soil in which the bush grows. As for the uncultivated soils, the potassium values are higher and almost close in the subsurface layer compared to the surface. As a result of the conditions of use, the sequence of the step-K and reserve-K in the study soils are as follows: Cultivated soil > bush soil > uncultivated soil. In addition to the need to use potassium fertilizers under conditions of intensive cultivation.
Effect of Pre-Harvest Bagging on Pomegranate cv.Salimi Fruits Characteristics
Authors: Abd Al-Hayany A.M. , Hathal Nisreen M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This study was carried out on 5-yrs old pomegranate trees cv.Salimi grown in a private orchard located at Otomaniyah area, Diyala Governorate, Iraq during 2018 and 2019 growing seasons to study the effect of Pre-harvest fruits bagging on reducing pomegranate fruit disorders and improving fruit quality. The bagging treatments were, Control (without bagging), Fruit bagged with green, white, red and purple colors bags. Treatments started on May30 during both seasons. Non-woven fabric bags (25x25cm) was used in fruit bagging. Bags were removed two weeks before harvesting date. The obtained results showed that, bagging fruits with white bags gave the highest average of fruits weight, Aril percentage, 100 aril weight, total soluble solids(%), total sugars and anthocyanins during both seasons compared to other Bagging treatments, whereas there is no significant differences between the bagging treatments in nutrient content of the fruit peel. on the other hand these treatments reduced cracked fruits and sunburn percentage, and increased the moisture content of the fruit peel compared to the Control (without bagging).
The extent of Application of Environmentally Friendly Designs in Private Educational Buildings Private Kindergarten/Al-Karkh II as A case Study
Authors: Khudhair Ghufran Ahmed 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A holistic education that deals with teaching methods and the learning environment in which students can be introduced to the concept of sustainability and understand its educational objectives. Thus, the school garden can serve as a tool to introduce students to the features of a sustainable lifestyle, transforming educational buildings into a sustainable job (Papadopoulou 2020) With the growing concern for the environment, it emphasizes the role of the school garden in the educational process, as a tool for environmental education and reconnecting children with nature, Its inclusion in the school curricula made the school garden an integrated educational environment (Sealy, 2001). The research was designed by selecting a sample of private kindergartens in the city of Baghdad for the purposes of the scientific study. The field sites for the study samples, the personal interview, the preparation of distribution maps for private kindergartens, Geographical information systems, and the analysis of architectural plans drawn according to AutoCAD 2019, the data was unloaded using the “Microsoft Office Excel” program. The most important results of the study showed an inverse association between green space and No. of children in The selected private kindergartens and the strength of the association is very weak, not significant, amounting to (-0.6887) while it was found that the alsaaeat althaamina kindergarten possesses a diversity of plants and all kinds of games and conforms to the basic pillars of sustainable designs with a degree of 95%. The square are the two dominant shapes in outer space for all of kindergartens
Anatomical Study of the Epidermes and Cross-Sections of Stems, Petioles and Leaves, and a Study of Pollen Grains of the Species Rubus Sanctus L. in Diwania
Authors: Sosa Azhar Abdulameer 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe current research dealt with a morphological and anatomical study of the species Rubus sanctus L. in Al-Diwaniyah Governorate of Iraq. The morphological characteristics of the roots, stems, leaves, flowering and fruit parts were studied. It became clear that some of its characteristics are important in the diagnosis and discrimination of the species, and the research included an anatomical study of the characteristics of the epidermis of leaves and the transverse sections of the stems, petiole and leaves, and it was found that some of the characteristics have a taxonomic value, as the shape of the guard cells and stomata complexes and the characteristics of the transverse sections in addition to the surface covering and its diversity are important in distinguishing and diagnosing the species Under research, the study also included the characteristics of pollen, as it turned out that it is of the type that contains three germinating pores and its shape was elongated oval in the equaterial view and semi-angular in the polar view.
Effect of Bud Load and Foliar Spraying of Putrescine on Vegetative Growth of Two Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) Cultivars Halawani and Zaitoni
Authors: Rashid Zeina Sami , Alshemmary Ghalib Naser , Al-Hayany Ali Mohamed 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe study was carried out during the growing season 2020 in a private orchards in the Uthmaniya village, Diyala governorate, Iraq on the two grape cultivars (Halawani and Zaitoni) to evaluate the response these cultivars to three levels of pruning( 80, 100 and 120 buds.vine-1) with a fixed number of canes (10 canes vine-1) and spraying with Putrescine 0, 200 and 400 mg.l-1in the growth of the studied cultivars. The results showed that the bud load 80 buds vine-1led to a significant increase in leaf area, chlorophyll content and content of NPK in leaf petioles, while spraying 400 mg.l-1of Putrescine recorded significant increase in leaf area, leaves dry matter percentage, chlorophyll content, and NPK content in leaf petioles, as for the cultivars, the Halawani cultivar was significantly superior to the Zaitoni cultivar in the leaf area, dry matter percentage in the leaves, chlorophyll content and phosphorous content in leaf petioles, the interaction treatments gave a significant effect on all the studied traits over untreated control treatment.
Use a Mixture of Wood Lignin and Some Fertilizer to Improve the Chemical Content of Olive Seedlings
Authors: Fathi Al-Rubaie Omar Ahmed , Sheet Hamid Esam Mohammed 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe study was conducted during the season 2021-2020 and was distributed on two main axes: the first is to extract the lignin from the trees ofMilea azedarach L.The extraction process was carried out in the chemistry laboratory belonging to the College of agricultural technology/Mosul according to the basic method used in the manufacture of paper and paper paste. the second is the selection of one of the olive fields in the Nineveh forest nursery belonging to the Department of Agriculture of Nineveh and combating desertification, to find out the effect of the extract of lignin added to types of fertilizers and the overlap between them in the chemical content of the leaves. The three-factor experiment with three iterators was designed according to the design of complete random sectors (RCBD), This experiment was carried out on her from the cuttings of olive cultivar Arbequina if the factor on the concentrations of the extract accent (0,60%), while the second three types of fertilizer(compound fertilizer NPK, fertilizer nitrogen of Urea, compost mixture (Urea50%+NPK50%), the second factor was four levels of the proportion of mixing shellac with the quality( 0,10%,15%,25%), Proceedings of the spraying process early in the morning until the pallet is full, using the spray device sales capacity 2 liters. The results of the study showed that the treatment of seedlings with lignin extract concentration (60%) has a significant effect on both the content of the leaves (percentage of nitrogen, percentage of phosphorus, percentage of potassium), while the treatment with compound fertilizer was superior and at a concentration of 129 g.l-1significant in the percentage of carbohydrates, and to spray the olive seedlings with nitrogen fertilizer (Urea) especially the concentration of 10 g.l-1While the treatment with mixed fertilizer (NPK 50%+ Urea 50%) showed significant effects in most of the studied chemical qualities, as for the two-and three-way interactions of the study transactions gave a significant effect in improving all the chemical qualities of the leaves and various concentrations, which led to the emergence of positive effects on the seedlings of olive trees for the transactions understudy, which led to increased activity and growth of seedlings throughout the research period.