bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revealing the Intricate Dune‐Dune Interactions of Bidisperse Barchans
Authors: Assis W. R. , Cúñez F. D. , Franklin E. M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThree dimensional dunes of crescentic shape, called barchans, are commonly found on Earth and other planetary environments. In the great majority of cases, barchans are organized in large fields in which corridors of size‐selected barchans are observed, and where barchan‐barchan interactions play an important role in size regulation. Previous studies shed light on the interactions between barchans by making use of monodisperse particles, but dunes in nature consist, however, of polydisperse grains. In this paper, we investigate the binary interactions of barchans consisting of (a) bidisperse mixtures of grains and (b) different monodisperse grains (one type for each barchan). We performed experiments in a water channel where grains of different sizes were poured inside forming two barchans that interacted with each other while filmed by a camera, and we obtained their morphology from image processing. We observed that a transient stripe appears over the dunes in cases of bidisperse mixtures, that interaction patterns vary with concentrations, and that different interactions exist when each barchan consists of different monodisperse grains. Interestingly, we found the conditions for a collision in which the upstream barchan is larger than the downstream one, and we propose a timescale for the interactions of both monodisperse and bidisperse barchans. Our results represent a new step toward understanding complex barchanoid structures found on Earth, Mars, and other celestial bodies.
A Terrestrial‐Aquatic Model Reveals Cross‐Scale Interactions Regulate Lateral Dissolved Organic Carbon Transport From Terrestrial Ecosystems
Authors: Talbot Ceara J. , Bolster Diogo , Medvigy David , Jones Stuart E. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLateral carbon transport (LCT), the flux of terrestrial C transported to aquatic ecosystems, displaces carbon (C) across the terrestrial‐aquatic continuum and is on the same order of magnitude as terrestrial net ecosystem production. However, few continental scale C models include LCT or the C‐hydrology linkages necessary for modeling LCT. Those that do exist, borrow processes and conceptual understanding from watershed scale models, assuming that large‐scale and small‐scale drivers of LCT are the same. We develop a conceptual framework of LCT, which focuses on lateral dissolved organic carbon (DOC) transport (LCT‐DOC), and operationalize it with a coupled terrestrial‐aquatic C and hydrology model. After comparing our model LCT‐DOC to previous estimates derived from a summation of landscape scale fluxes for the Contiguous U.S., we use model experiments to partition the importance of LCT‐DOC drivers including total annual precipitation, air temperature, and plant traits, which interact across regional and local scales. We find that climate is the strongest driver of LCT‐DOC, where LCT‐DOC is positively related to precipitation but inversely related to temperature at continental scales. However, the net effect of climate on LCT‐DOC is the product of cross‐scale interactions between climate and vegetation. Plant traits also interact strongly with climate and have a measurable influence on LCT‐DOC, with water use efficiency as the most influential plant trait because it couples terrestrial water and C cycling. We demonstrate that our conceptual framework and relatively simple linked C‐hydrology process model of LCT‐DOC can inform hypotheses and predict LCT‐DOC.
Red meat consumption and risk factors for type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Sanders Lisa M. , Wilcox Meredith L. , Maki Kevin C. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background and objectives
Results from observational studies suggest an association of red meat intake with risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). However, results from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have not clearly supported a mechanistic link between red meat intake and T2D risk factors. Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted on RCTs evaluating the effects of diets containing red meat (beef, pork, lamb, etc.), compared to diets with lower or no red meat, on markers of glucose homeostasis in adults.

Methods
A search of PubMed and CENTRAL yielded 21 relevant RCTs. Pooled estimates were expressed as standardized mean differences (SMDs) between the red meat intervention and the comparator intervention with less or no red meat.

Results
Compared to diets with reduced or no red meat intake, there was no significant impact of red meat intake on insulin sensitivity (SMD: −0.11; 95% CI: −0.39, 0.16), insulin resistance (SMD: 0.11; 95% CI: −0.24, 0.45), fasting glucose (SMD: 0.13; 95% CI: −0.04, 0.29), fasting insulin (SMD: 0.08; 95% CI: −0.16, 0.32), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c; SMD: 0.10; 95% CI: −0.37, 0.58), pancreatic beta-cell function (SMD: −0.13; 95% CI: −0.37, 0.10), or glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1; SMD: 0.10; 95% CI: −0.37, 0.58). Red meat intake modestly reduced postprandial glucose (SMD: −0.44; 95% CI: −0.67, −0.22; P < 0.001) compared to meals with reduced or no red meat intake. The quality of evidence was low to moderate for all outcomes.

Conclusions
The results of this meta-analysis suggest red meat intake does not impact most glycemic and insulinemic risk factors for T2D. Further investigations are needed on other markers of glucose homeostasis to better understand whether a causal relationship exists between red meat intake and risk of T2D.

PROSPERO registration
CRD42020176059
Multisensory correlation computations in the human brain identified by a time-resolved encoding model
Authors: Pesnot Lerousseau Jacques , Parise Cesare V. , Ernst Marc O. , van Wassenhove Virginie 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNeural mechanisms that arbitrate between integrating and segregating multisensory information are essential for complex scene analysis and for the resolution of the multisensory correspondence problem. However, these mechanisms and their dynamics remain largely unknown, partly because classical models of multisensory integration are static. Here, we used the Multisensory Correlation Detector, a model that provides a good explanatory power for human behavior while incorporating dynamic computations. Participants judged whether sequences of auditory and visual signals originated from the same source (causal inference) or whether one modality was leading the other (temporal order), while being recorded with magnetoencephalography. First, we confirm that the Multisensory Correlation Detector explains causal inference and temporal order behavioral judgments well. Second, we found strong fits of brain activity to the two outputs of the Multisensory Correlation Detector in temporo-parietal cortices. Finally, we report an asymmetry in the goodness of the fits, which were more reliable during the causal inference task than during the temporal order judgment task. Overall, our results suggest the existence of multisensory correlation detectors in the human brain, which explain why and how causal inference is strongly driven by the temporal correlation of multisensory signals.
Microwave assisted antibacterial action of Garcinia nanoparticles on Gram-negative bacteria
Authors: Qiao Yuqian , Xu Yingde , Liu Xiangmei , Zheng Yufeng , Li Bo , Han Yong , Li Zhaoyang , Yeung Kelvin Wai Kwok , Liang Yanqin , Zhu Shengli , Cui Zhenduo , Wu Shuilin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOwing to the existence of the outer membrane barrier, most antibacterial agents cannot penetrate Gram-negative bacteria and are ineffective. Here, we report a general method for narrow-spectrum antibacterial Garcinia nanoparticles that can only be effective to kill Gram-positive bacteria, to effectively eliminate Gram-negative bacteria by creating transient nanopores in bacterial outer membrane to induce drug entry under microwaves assistance. In vitro, under 15 min of microwaves irradiation, the antibacterial efficiency of Garcinia nanoparticles against Escherichia coli can be enhanced from 6.73% to 99.48%. In vivo, MV-assisted GNs can effectively cure mice with bacterial pneumonia. The combination of molecular dynamics simulation and experimental results reveal that the robust anti-E. coli effectiveness of Garcinia nanoparticles is attributed to the synergy of Garcinia nanoparticles and microwaves. This work presents a strategy for effectively treating both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria co-infected pneumonia using herbal medicine nanoparticles with MV assistance as an exogenous antibacterial auxiliary.
Synergistic Pd/Cu-catalyzed enantioselective Csp2–F bond alkylation of fluoro-1,3-dienes with aldimine esters
Authors: Yu Huimin , Zhang Qinglong , Zi Weiwei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDue to high bond dissociation energies of Csp2–F bonds, using fluorinated compounds in Csp2–Csp3 cross-coupling is difficult. Here the authors report a protocol for enantioselective Csp2–Csp3 coupling of dienyl fluorides with aldimine esters, enabled by synergistic copper and palladium catalysis. This reaction represents the first example of asymmetric Csp2–Csp3 cross-coupling involving an inert Csp2–F bond and provides expeditious access to chiral α-alkenyl α-amino acids with high enantioselectivity. Control experiments suggest that the Csp2–F bond activation occurs through a pathway involving PdH migratory insertion and subsequent allylic defluorination, rather than by direct oxidative addition of the Csp2–F bond to Pd(0). The detailed mechanism is further investigated by DFT calculation and the enantioselectivity is rationalized.
Comparative optimization of combinatorial CRISPR screens
Authors: Li Ruitong , Klingbeil Olaf , Monducci Davide , Young Michael J. , Rodriguez Diego J. , Bayyat Zaid , Dempster Joshua M. , Kesar Devishi , Yang Xiaoping , Zamanighomi Mahdi , Vakoc Christopher R. , Ito Takahiro , Sellers William R. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCombinatorial CRISPR technologies have emerged as a transformative approach to systematically probe genetic interactions and dependencies of redundant gene pairs. However, the performance of different functional genomic tools for multiplexing sgRNAs vary widely. Here, we generate and benchmark ten distinct pooled combinatorial CRISPR libraries targeting paralog pairs to optimize digenic knockout screens. Libraries composed of dual Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 (spCas9), orthogonal spCas9 and Staphylococcus aureus (saCas9), and enhanced Cas12a from Acidaminococcus were evaluated. We demonstrate a combination of alternative tracrRNA sequences from spCas9 consistently show superior effect size and positional balance between the sgRNAs as a robust combinatorial approach to profile genetic interactions of multiple genes.
Cell cycle-specific phase separation regulated by protein charge blockiness
Authors: Yamazaki Hiroya , Takagi Masatoshi , Kosako Hidetaka , Hirano Tatsuya , Yoshimura Shige H. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDynamic morphological changes of intracellular organelles are often regulated by protein phosphorylation or dephosphorylation1–6. Phosphorylation modulates stereospecific interactions among structured proteins, but how it controls molecular interactions among unstructured proteins and regulates their macroscopic behaviours remains unknown. Here we determined the cell cycle-specific behaviour of Ki-67, which localizes to the nucleoli during interphase and relocates to the chromosome periphery during mitosis. Mitotic hyperphosphorylation of disordered repeat domains of Ki-67 generates alternating charge blocks in these domains and increases their propensity for liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS). A phosphomimetic sequence and the sequences with enhanced charge blockiness underwent strong LLPS in vitro and induced chromosome periphery formation in vivo. Conversely, mitotic hyperphosphorylation of NPM1 diminished a charge block and suppressed LLPS, resulting in nucleolar dissolution. Cell cycle-specific phase separation can be modulated via phosphorylation by enhancing or reducing the charge blockiness of disordered regions, rather than by attaching phosphate groups to specific sites.
Analysis of microbial community structure and volatile compounds in pit mud used for manufacturing Taorong-type Baijiu based on high-throughput sequencing
Authors: Liu Yanbo , Sun Mengxiao , Hou Pei , Wang Wenya , Shen Xiangkun , Zhang Lixin , Han Suna , Pan Chunmei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this study, the pit mud used in manufacturing Taorong-type Baijiu was collected from the upper, middle, lower and bottom layers of pits at Henan Yangshao Liquor Co., LTD. High-throughput sequencing (HTS) technology was used to analyze the microbial community structure of the pit mud. In addition, the volatile compounds in the pit mud were subjected to preliminary qualitative analysis through headspace-solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The HTS results demonstrated that there were 5, 3, 5 and 5 dominant bacterial phyla (including 11, 11, 9 and 8 dominant bacterial genera) and 3, 3, 3 and 3 dominant fungal phyla (including 4, 7, 7 and 5 dominant fungal genera) in the pit mud from the F-S (upper), G-Z (middle), H-X (lower) and I-D (bottom) layers, respectively. In the qualitative analysis of the volatile compounds, a total of 77types of volatile compounds were detected in the pit mud, including 46, 45, 39 and 49 types in the pit mud from layers F-S, G-Z, H-X and I-D, respectively. Esters and acids were the two main components of the pit mud. The correlation between the microorganisms present and the main volatile compounds in the pit mud was analyzed. Lentimicrobium, Syner-01 and Blvii28_wastewater-sludge groups were found for the first time in pit mud used for manufacturing Taorong-type Baijiu. The findings of this study could provide a theoretical foundation for improving the quality of pit mud and the flavor of Taorong-type Baijiu.
Efficient processing of top-k frequent spatial keyword queries
Authors: Xu Tao , Xu Aopeng , Mango Joseph , Liu Pengfei , Ma Xiaqing , Zhang Lei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe rapid popularization of high-speed mobile communication technology and the continuous development of mobile network devices have given spatial textual big data (STBD) new dimensions due to their ability to record geographical objects from multiple sources and with complex attributes. Data mining from spatial textual datasets has become a meaningful study. As a popular topic for STBD, the top-k spatial keyword query has been developed in various forms to deal with different retrievals requirements. However, previous research focused mainly on indexing locational attributes and retrievals of few target attributes, and these correlations between large numbers of the textual attributes have not been fully studied and demonstrated. To further explore interrelated-knowledge in the textual attributes, this paper defines the top-k frequent spatial keyword query (tfSKQ) and proposes a novel hybrid index structure, named RCL-tree, based on the concept lattice theory. We also develop the tfSKQ algorithms to retrieve the most frequent and nearest spatial objects in STBD. One existing method and two baseline algorithms are implemented, and a series of experiments are carried out using real datasets to evaluate its performance. Results demonstrated the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed RCL-tree in tfSKQ with the complex spatial multi keyword query conditions.
Grade group system and plasma androgen receptor status in the first line treatment for metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Cursano M. C. , Conteduca V. , Scarpi E. , Gurioli G. , Casadei C. , Gargiulo S. , Altavilla A. , Lolli C. , Vincenzi B. , Tonini G. , Santini D. , De Giorgi U. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn localized prostate cancer (PCa), Grade Group (GG) and Gleason Score (GS) have a well-established prognostic role. In metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), the prognostic role of GS and GG is less defined. In first-line treatment of mCRPC, androgen receptor (AR)-directed drugs (abiraterone acetate, enzalutamide) and docetaxel represent the referring options. There is no evidence that the GS/GG systems can add information to guide the choice between AR-directed drugs and docetaxel in the first-line setting of mCRPC. Nowadays there are no validated biomarkers, which define patients who may benefit or not from hormonal treatments or chemotherapy. Androgen receptor (AR) copy number variations (CNV) are predictive factors of poor response to abiraterone and enzalutamide. There are no available data about the association between AR CNV and GG. In this retrospective study, we analysed the association of the highest GG score with AR CNV and their impact on the clinical outcome of AR-directed drugs and docetaxel as first-line therapy for mCRPC patients. Patients benefit from docetaxel, abiraterone or enzalutamide regardless the GG. However, the presence of GG5 and AR CNV gain identifies a subgroup of patients with poor prognosis, which could benefit from front-line docetaxel instead of AR-directed drugs.
Traditional Chinese medicine extracts as novel corrosion inhibitors for AZ91 magnesium alloy in saline environment
Authors: Li Haonan , Fan Min , Wang Kui , Bian Xiaolan , Jiang Haiyan , Ding Wenjiang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractZingiber officinale Roscoe extract, Raphanus sativus L. extract, Rheum palmatum extract, Coptis chinensis extract, Glycyrrhiza uralensis extract (GUE), Potentilla discolor extract (PDE) and Taraxacum officinale extract (TOE) were screened for the green corrosion inhibitors of AZ91 alloy in saline environment. The experiment results demonstrated that GUE, PDE and TOE can significantly enhance the corrosion resistance of AZ91 alloy by 73.4, 87.6 and 84.6%, respectively. Surface characterization using FTIR, UV–Vis and XPS revealed that the organic compounds of GUE, PDE and TOE can interact with the alloy surface to form a protective physisorbed film, effectively mitigating the corrosion process of AZ91 alloy. The present results may be helpful to discover the new green inhibitors with high inhibition efficiency for AZ91 alloy.
Therapeutic and tectonic keratoplasty with simple cryopreserved remnants of donor corneas: an 11 year retrospective case series
Authors: Kim Jae-Gon , Jun Jong Hwa 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study sought to describe the use of deep-frozen donor corneal remnants preserved after keratoplasty procedures for therapeutic or tectonic keratoplasty without subsequent optical keratoplasty. This single-center retrospective consecutive case series analyzed the electronic medical records of patients who had undergone therapeutic or tectonic keratoplasty using deep-frozen donor remains preserved in Optisol-GS, for the past 11 years at Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center. Fifty-five surgical cases in 46 patients were included. Twenty-three surgical cases in 18 patients underwent therapeutic keratoplasty for refractory infectious corneal ulcer. Complete eradication of primary infection was achieved in 14 patients (77.8%). Tectonic keratoplasty were performed 32 cases in 28 patients. Twenty-seven of 28 patients were ultimately able to maintain anatomical integrity (96.4%). Mean uncorrected visual acuity improved from 1.77 ± 0.94 preoperatively to 1.31 ± 0.95 at the last follow-up postoperatively in the tectonic graft group by logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution (P = 0.002). There were no cases of graft rejection. Keratoplasty using cryopreserved donor tissue is a suitable surgical alternative for infectious or non-infectious corneal ulcers in elderly patients or patients with poor general condition. It could be a viable alternative to overcome the shortage of corneal donors.
Understanding flammability and bark thickness in the genus Pinus using a phylogenetic approach
Authors: Varner J. Morgan , Shearman Timothy M. , Kane Jeffrey M. , Banwell Erin M. , Jules Erik S. , Stambaugh Michael C. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPinusspecies dominate fire-prone ecosystems throughout the northern hemisphere. Their litter drive fires that control plant community flammability and multiple ecological processes. To better understand the patterns and mechanisms of pine flammability, we measured leaf characteristics (needle length and thickness) and conducted combustion experiments on litter from 31 species. We paired flammability results with bark accumulation data and used phylogenetic generalized least squares regression to examine relationships between physical traits and flammability. Pine flammability varied widely among pines: flame heights and fuel consumption varied three-fold, and flaming and smoldering durations varied three- to six-fold. SubgenusPinusspecies were the most flammable and subgenusStrobusspecies had the lowest flammability. Needle length was the best predictor of flammability with a significant interaction with subgenus, suggesting that flammability of pines in subgenusStrobuswas more affected by physical traits than pines in subgenusPinus. Species in the subgenusPinusthat accumulated outer bark rapidly also had high flammability, while the relationship was not significant in subgenusStrobus. These results highlight the diverse patterns of flammability in North American pines and the complexity in the mechanisms causing differential flammability.
Active region chromospheric magnetic fields
Authors: Vissers G. J. M. , Danilovic S. , Zhu X. , Leenaarts J. , Díaz Baso C. J. , da Silva Santos J. M. , de la Cruz Rodríguez J. , Wiegelmann T. 
Published: May 2022

Context.A proper estimate of the chromospheric magnetic fields is thought to improve modelling of both active region and coronal mass ejection evolution. However, because the chromospheric field is not regularly obtained for sufficiently large fields of view, estimates thereof are commonly obtained through data-driven models or field extrapolations, based on photospheric boundary conditions alone and involving pre-processing that may reduce details and dynamic range in the magnetograms.Aims.We investigate the similarity between the chromospheric magnetic field that is directly inferred from observations and the field obtained from a magnetohydrostatic (MHS) extrapolation based on a high-resolution photospheric magnetogram.Methods.Based on Swedish 1-m Solar Telescope Fe I6173 Å and Ca II8542 Å observations of NOAA active region 12723, we employed the spatially regularised weak-field approximation (WFA) to derive the vector magnetic field in the chromosphere from Ca II, as well as non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (non-LTE) inversions of Fe Iand Ca IIto infer a model atmosphere for selected regions. Milne-Eddington inversions of Fe Iserve as photospheric boundary conditions for the MHS model that delivers the three-dimensional field, gas pressure, and density self-consistently.Results.For the line-of-sight component, the MHS chromospheric field generally agrees with the non-LTE inversions and WFA, but tends to be weaker by 16% on average than these when larger in magnitude than 300 G. The observationally inferred transverse component is systematically stronger, up to an order of magnitude in magnetically weaker regions, but the qualitative distribution with height is similar to the MHS results. For either field component, the MHS chromospheric field lacks the fine structure derived from the inversions. Furthermore, the MHS model does not recover the magnetic imprint from a set of high fibrils connecting the main polarities.Conclusions.The MHS extrapolation and WFA provide a qualitatively similar chromospheric field, where the azimuth of the former is better aligned with Ca II8542 Å fibrils than that of the WFA, especially outside strong-field concentrations. The amount of structure as well as the transverse field strengths are, however, underestimated by the MHS extrapolation. This underscores the importance of considering a chromospheric magnetic field constraint in data-driven modelling of active regions, particularly in the context of space weather predictions.