bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Applied Phenomenology The Analysis of the Azadi Tower (Shahyad) through hermeneutic Phenomenology
Authors: Torkzadeh Mahani Parastoo , Roohizadeh Amir Reza 
Published: March 2022

Importing philosophical musings on architecture in design and review of building is one of the concerns of the contemporary world and especially Iran. It should be noted that finding a true perspective to express the thoughts of one philosopher is more difficult than expressing his thoughts. However, if attention is not paid from the beginning the mind can be placed in a route that without hesitation and realistic assessment would consider those thoughts entirely rejected or accepted. Meantime, nearly half a century ago the philosophical sense of phenomenology developed among philosophers, but how this approach can be used in the analysis and interpretation of an architectural work, will be the key question. Phenomenology as a method to study the nature of phenomena and objects have been proposed based on the originality of the witnesses; the general rule is to return to objects away from prejudice, in other words putting in parenthesis the unnecessary parts of a phenomenon that Husserl mentions it as “epoche”, till the time you achieve its nature as well as suspending cultural, social, ideological, biased assumptions and the effect of new sciences, this is the goal that phenomenologists through it aims to achieve direct experience of the world around. One of the effects of this philosophy school in the field of theoretical architecture, is opening the topics in location phenomenology, place of text in architectural design, as well as the importance of issues such as mental phenomenology and its impact on the criticizing the architectural works. It’s an experimental approach based on observation that seeks for better identification of the location and structure to attain better communicate and accompany human being and the environment around him. Togetherness of the man and the world around (subject and object), in facing the Cartesian thought is one of the main objectives of phenomenology. In this approach the people and the environment are not separate, but intertwined, and each one is causing the other. In this study, based on concepts of phenomenology and especially the ideas of Heidegger from the perspective of hermeneutic text the architecture of the Azadi Tower has been studied and analyzed. Therefore through survey method and using descriptive - inferential method studied the construction of the Azadi Tower looked and the results indicated that Heidegger approach can be used in reading an architectural work and from qualitative descriptive approach to this tower to what extent it is the symbol of a 2500 years old civilization.
Identifying Associations between Local Drought and Global Sea Surface Temperature
Authors: Mohamadkhani Mohammad , Shishegaran Aydin 
Published: March 2022

It is clear that droughts have a fundamental impact on many different elements of society. To reduce the drought-related losses, it is necessary to give decision makers visibility into relationships of oceanic-atmospheric parameters that cause drought. The main target of this paper is to show the efficiency of data mining methods (especially association rules mining) for Identifying the associations between local droughts and large scale oceanic-atmospheric climate phenomena such as Sea Surface Temperature (SST). In this paper, association rules mining technique was offered to discover affiliation between drought of Urmia synoptic station (located in Iran) and de-trend SSTs of the Black, Mediterranean and Red Seas. To examine the accuracy of the rules, the confidence measures of the rules were calculated and compared for different considering lag times. The computed measures confirm reliable performance of the association rules mining method to monitor local drought so that the confidence between the monthly Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) values and the de-trend SST of seas is higher than 87 percent.
Theoretical and Empirical Improvement of a Fast-Switching Electro-Pneumatic Valve by Using Different Methods
Authors: Najjari Behrouz , Fotuhi Mohammad J. , Vaezipour Mousa 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this paper, a non-linear model of a 2–2 way, on–off fast-switching valve is used. The model includes subsystems of electrical, magnetic, mechanical and fluid. Pulse width modulation (PWM) technique is adopted to energise the on–off solenoid valve and allow the air to flow towards the actuator. Since the non-linear behaviour of valve is of great importance, to reduce the delay in performance of switching valves, different approaches are proposed. Furthermore, hysteresis, proportional integrator (PI), optimal model predictive and fuzzy logic controller (FLC) are used and compared. Also, to improve the valve behaviour, an empirical setup based on AVR microcontroller with FLC is implemented. Empirical and simulation results indicate that all proposed control methods have superior performance. However, the fuzzy method is easy to implement in practice.
Influence of obesity on spatiotemporal gait parameters among female students from Jouf University, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Ameer Mariam A. , Alanazi Munirah S. , Alhabbad Abeer S. , Alabas Ahlam M. , Al-Ruwaili Raghad R. , AL-Ruwaili Saba F. , Al-Aljubab Wasan K. , Al-Ruwaili Taif F. , Al-awwad Ethar I. , Al-Abbad Ammar M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Study aim: The aim of the current study is to explore the effect of obesity on spatiotemporal parameters of gait in obese young female students.

Material and methods: A cross-sectional study with fifteen obese female university students (mean age = 20.3 ± 1.6, mean BMI = 36.2 ± 4.6) and fifteen normal weight female university students (mean age = 20.9 ± 2, mean BMI = 22.6 ± 2.4) was conducted. The spatiotemporal gait parameters were evaluated using GAITRite® walkway (Frankline, USA, Model No. TR30RAM090 with software version 4.89C2).

Results: Independent sample t-test showed statistical significant differences in some spatiotemporal gait parameters between normal and obese subjects with statistically significant reductions of single-limb support time, step length, stride length, and velocity in the obese subjects rather than normal subjects (p = 0.031, 0.015, 0.039, and 0.002, respectively). Moreover, there were statistically significant increases of step time, stride time in the obese subjects rather than the normal subjects (p = 0.038, 0.017, respectively).

Conclusion: These results suggested that obesity is a factor that adversely affects the spatiotemporal gait parameters in the obese young female. This may be contributed to decrease the joints’ mobility and increase the incidence of joint osteoarthritis. So, it is recommended to encourage the sufficient physical activity and weight reduction among obese female students.
On the Study and Possible Applications of Minimally Complex Chaos
Authors: Roșu Alin Iulian , Cazacu Ana , Bodale Ilie 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The nature of chaos is elusive and disputed, however it can be connected to sensitivity to initial conditions caused by nonlinearity of the equations describing chaotic phenomena. A nowhere-near comprehensive list of such equations can still be shown: the Boltzmann equation, Ginzburg-Landau equation, Ishimori equation, Korteweg-de Vries equation, Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation, Navier-Stokes equation, and many more. This disproportionality between input and output creates an analytically-difficult situation, one that is complicated both algebraically and numerically – however, the study of equations that are both simple and chaotic may yield useful connections between algebraic complexity and chaos. Such connections can be used to determine the simplest possible chaotic function, which can be used as a “chaotic operator” for various non-chaotic or chaotic functions, thus reducing the problem of chaos to one based strictly on algebra.
Protection of Human Dignity at the End of Life of the Terminally Ill: Ethical and Legal Considerations about the Law and Policy on Advance Directives in Lithuania
Authors: Astromskė Kristina , Peičius Eimantas 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Recently amended legal regulations established the opportunity of application of advance directives for terminally ill patients in Lithuania. Provisionally, advance directives should enhance patient’s rights while making complex end of life decisions, however, implications for legal and moral responsibility to empower a patient’s autonomy are not clearly established yet. The article discusses the legal and ethical justification of implementation of advance directives and, in their absence, the surrogate decision making for the best interests of the patient and the best representation of the patient’s will. The reflections of recent empirical studies indicate the importance of a patient-centered approach that can provide the hints for harmonization of the national legal system, including a supportive decision-making culture, raising public awareness and confidence, more effective professional communication, and broader public involvement into end-of-life deliberations. Analysis of legal and ethical arguments imposes the conclusion that the specific question of respect of dignity in the end of life is not just a problem of health care management or the quality of health care services, but a fundamental challenge of human rights that should be discussed at the policy decision making level. Overall, we assume that application of advance directives should be elaborated in accordance with the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR), the ideals of welfare society, and other national laws as well as public interests.
Child Right to Privacy and Social Media – Personal Information Oversharing Parents
Authors: Iskül Anna-Maria , Joamets Kristi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Many parents (over)share personal details regarding their children in social media without thinking that this can negatively affect the wellbeing of their child and put him/her at risk. Furthermore, parents forget that they are not owners of their children’s data but just the legal representatives of the child with an obligation to act only for the best interests of the child. A child’s right to privacy and the protection of his/her data is regulated in international, EU and national level, however, this is not enough to avoid malpractice of the data of a child. This article analyses social media dangers and whether parental actions result in privacy and online safety violations focusing on legal regulations and their interpretations in international, EU and national level exploring child’s right to privacy, consent of the child and the right to be forgotten.
Hasse's Siroe, Thirty Years Later: A Veritable Work in Progress
Authors: Mellace Raffaele 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The article aims at assessing the differences between Hasse's original setting of Metastasio's Siroe in 1733 and the composer's second setting of the same drama, exactly thirty years later, in terms of dramatic, vocal, and musical balance. The two versions will be comprehensively compared with a focus on two main issues. The first is the origin of the two settings, which goes back to two distinct versions of the libretto, originally conceived by Metastasio for Venice and Naples respectively; a different starting point which gave birth to two, largely separate dramatic projects, differentiated by a number of distinctive facets. On the other hand, special attention will be devoted to the play's characters, which, though basically the same in both settings, demonstrate remarkable differences in individual characterisation and overall balance, both as far as drama and music are concerned.
Scipione impasticciato: Performing, Researching and Reviving London operas from 1730–1731
Authors: Strohm Reinhard 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The study discusses practical and aesthetic aspects of the pasticcio principle, which characterised London's Italian operas of 1730–31 and still concern revivals, source research, and editions today. Twentieth-century revivals of Handel's opera Scipione pose the question of how to evaluate the original version of 1726 vs its pasticcio-like revival of 1730. Details of the 1730–31 season under Handel, concerning for example the status of the vocal soloists, reveal a multiplicity of agencies (singers, composer, impresario, librettist, patrons/audiences) which influenced the artistic outcomes. Handel's decision-making role for the entire season as the company's music director is re-asserted, although the proposal of John H. Roberts (2016) that another musician composed the recitatives for the pasticcios Ormisda and Venceslao will be accepted. This musician, however, may have been the tenor Annibale Pio Fabri rather than the concert-master Pietro Castrucci, suggested by Roberts. The aesthetic question that concerns us today is the dichotomy between a unified author-work-concept and a discursive pasticcio principle, of which the former is observed in critical editions, the latter in (post-) modern stage productions. It is suggested that a similar contrast already characterised eighteenth-century theatrical practice and aesthetics, although fluctuations between the two principles and, generally, multi-agency in creating theatrical works were negotiated with considerable freedom.
Between Opera and Oratorio. The Pasticcio Oratorios in Prague and Brno ca 1720–1760
Authors: Spáčilová Jana 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The phenomenon of the pasticcio oratorio was quite widespread in the Czech Lands around the middle of the eighteenth century. The first evidence of this practice was a Latin oratorio based on opera arias by George Frideric Handel (Prague 1725). In Brno, the capital of Moravia, the performances of oratorios were supported by Bishop Wolfgang Hannibal Schrattenbach, who was also an important patron of Italian opera. Therefore, opera arias were frequently interpolated into the Italian oratorios produced in his palace every week during Lent. Some works from the 1730s were even created as pasticcios composed of contrafacted opera arias. The only surviving score, La vittima d’amore by Joseph Umstatt (Brno 1741) with music by Caldara, Hasse, Leo, Feo, Porta and Pescetti, shows the process of creating this type of oratorio in detail. The reprise of this work by the Crusaders in Prague on Good Friday 1744 and its favourable reception stimulated the considerable development of this practice in the mentioned church. Between 1749 and 1758, at least six pasticcio oratorios were performed here. The music was selected not only from the works of popular composers of the time (Hasse, Jomelli, Graun), but also from the compositions of the older generation (Fux, Lotti, Conti, Porpora). Based on an analysis of librettos and music sources, the paper shows some examples of this phenomenon, crossing the boundaries between the opera and the oratorio in both directions.
‘Collected’ Pages for the Issipile (Teatro San Carlo, 1763)*
Authors: Maione Paologiovanni 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
During the 1763–64 season, numerous intersections and connections occur behind the scenes of the principal Neapolitan opera house of Teatro di San Carlo. On the one hand, the focus on Metastasian repertoire persists without interruptions – a long and boundless tradition which will only fade towards the end of the century; on the other hand, Hasse’s world still exerts its fascination.
Along with Metastasio’s Olimpiade, Issipile and Didone abbandonata, Migliavacca’s Armida was also staged. This libretto had been set to music by Traetta in 1760 for Vienna, a city which played a significant role in the annual schedule of the Teatro di San Carlo due to the presence of the ‘virtuosa’ Caterina Gabrielli. The singer had made her debut in that role in the Habsburg capital; the opera was presented with the same music composed by Traetta for the imperial opera house.
In the Neapolitan context Cochetta revealed herself in all her splendour, yet also giving a hard time to all those who were in charge of the San Carlo. The selected repertoire was thus a kind of compromise, a diplomatic act aimed to ‘tame’ the stubborn soprano through an offer of operas suited to her voice and skills, and in all likelihood they were works proposed by herself. While the scores of Armida and Didone arrived in time, Scarlatti’s Issipile did not; in order to prevent the diva’s anger, another negotiation started under the guidance of Pasquale Cafaro, working at the San Carlo, who would ‘conduct’ the repertoire operas, and who offered to adapt them to the hired cast.
Tortuous Roads. Tracing Back the Reception Paths of Apostolo Zeno’s Libretto Venceslao (1703–1754)*
Authors: Ryszka-Komarnicka Anna 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
During the fifty years that mark the historical reception of Apostolo Zeno’s libretto Venceslao (1703–1754), no less than forty-two opera productions based on this text were staged throughout Europe. In most cases, these performances are documented in the form of printed libretti. As far as I was able to establish, the text of Venceslao was reproduced verbatim only once: the Kraków print of 1725 is identical with the Venetian one of 1722. Otherwise, Zeno’s Venceslao was subjected to constant changes; new elements were appearing in the successive versions along with older ones, which led to the emergence of sui generis literary pasticci.
I have attempted to single out the versions which were crucial for Venceslao’s reception and determined its stages of development: 1. the Milan edition (1705/06), based on the Venetian editio princeps (1703) and the Florentine variant (1703/04); 2. the Neapolitan edition (1714/15) based on the Florentine version and, indirectly, on the Milanese one as well, 3. Domenico Lalli’s edition from Venice (1722); 4. The Turin-Prague version (1720/21–1725/26), which provided the lifeblood for later Venceslao operatic productions by the Mingottis’ troupe in Graz, Linz, Hamburg, and Copenhagen in the late 1730s and 40s. Subsequently, I have outlined the key characteristics of several unusual late Venceslao versions from Florence, Venice, and Genoa.
Finally, I have distinguished two main phases in Venceslao’s reception. The first, incorporating the first three stages, lasted till the late 1720s / early 1730s. It was characterised by strong interconnections between the successive Venceslao versions. The new editions were built on the principle of continuous elimination and accumulation of elements taken from earlier variants, mixed with new ones. The second phase, from the 1730s onwards, was characterised by loose interconnections, especially on the level of so-called numbers (arias and ensembles). It seems that Zeno’s own original versions definitely played a minor role in Venceslao’s reception on European stages as compared with editions prepared by third parties.
Pastiching as Artistic Research: Ifigenia / Ipermestra (Brussels, 2006)*
Authors: Forment Bruno 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
On 6 December 2006, students of the Royal Conservatoire of Brussels performed two one-act pasticci arranged by the author of this article: Ifigenia and Ipermestra. Assembled as experiments in the young discipline of artistic research in music, both ‘cut & paste’ operas offered opportunities to explore issues of music-dramatic syntax in opera seria. In this article, I explain how individual arias and recitatives were combined into two meta-compositions that sometimes respected, and sometimes overrode eighteenth-century generic conventions. By revisiting the scores, libretti, archives and first-hand memories pertaining to this venture, I will show that ‘pastiching’ (pasticciare) is more than a historical form; it is a transhistorical method, involving a broad network of agencies, operators, and stakeholders whose strategies can be artistic and non-artistic, convergent and divergent. Pastiching does not necessarily result in ‘works’, fixed in time and space, but rather produces meta-compositional assemblages, the transience and formal instability of which provide opportunities to showcase neglected repertoire and tackle outdated musical ontologies.
Handel’s Pasticci between Music History and Current Music Practice at the Handel Festival in Halle
Authors: Birnbaum Clemens 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Looking back on the first Handel Festival in Halle in 1922, it is argued that a close connection between science and practice has been characteristic of the Halle Festival from the very beginning. Arrangements of Handel’s works were made both by performing musicians and by recognised musicologists. Despite this common editing practice, the opera-pasticcio group of works has been disregarded until the early twenty-first century. Since 2012, the Stiftung Händel-Haus in Halle has been considering a reassessment of this group of works. Alongside performances, editions were to be produced. The positive results of this initiative are listed, but its failures are also pointed out. It is believed that the pasticci and Handel’s composition practice will ultimately only receive a suitable appreciation if a new aesthetic of the music work is applied as a foundation.
Applying Dyer’s Star Theory to Sport: Understanding the Cultivation of Athlete Stardom
Authors: Duncan Samuel 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Sports stars and heroes have always been a product of the times in which they have existed and, as such, athlete stars, largely constructed by and through the media, have evolved over time. In particular, the meanings of characteristics that have defined stars of different generations have changed as society’s expectations and social norms have evolved. This can be understood through Richard Dyer’s (1998) star theory, which states that to cultivate their stardom a celebrity must resonate with the ideals, values, and spirit of the time.
This theoretical paper aims to highlight how Dyer’s star theory – originally developed as a means of understanding the construction of movie stars by mainstream media – can be used to understand the ways in which athlete stars can promote star attributes to cultivate their stardom by displaying modern values and presenting themselves as both “ordinary” and “extraordinary.” By creating a framework for understanding the process of creating athlete stardom, we are also able to begin to understand how athletes’ social media activities and stardom will evolve in the future, thus creating an important tool for athletes and their managers responsible for enhancing their brand. To expound and enrich the theory a survey of sports fans is included. The survey responses provide insights into how the expectations of fans can influence social athlete social media strategies and the cultivation of athlete stars.
Effect of Warm-up on Fitness Performance of Schoolchildren. A Systematic Review
Authors: Fernandez-Agullo Ruben , Merino-Marban Rafael 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Introduction.
The impact of different types of warm-up protocol on children’s performance is clearly an unresolved issue that has not yet been satisfactorily investigated. Consequently, the purpose of this review was to analyze the current literature on the subject.
Material and Methods.
The first step was to perform a search in PROSPERO with the keyword warm up. After that, five electronic bibliographic databases were searched through until April 10th, 2021: Web of Science (all databases), Scopus, SportDiscus, PubMed, and Google Scholar.
Results.
Six studies involving a total of 138 participants were included in the final analyses. Regarding the physical qualities that were assessed, 4 of the studies assessed strength through the vertical jump, 3 assessed running speed, one assessed anaerobic endurance (30 seconds) with a cycle ergometer and another assessed flexibility using the Sit & Reach.
Conclusions.
The practice of dynamic or specific warm-up before training appears to improve speed and strength performance compared to no warm-up in school-age children. However, the effects of warm-up on endurance and flexibility performance in school-age children need to be further investigated.