bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interstellar chemistry: hot-ion reactions
Authors: Brown Ronald D , Cragg Dinah M , Bettens Ryan P A 
Published: February 2022

Summary
We have explored the possible significance on interstellar chemistry of translationally excited ions (‘hot ions’) produced in exothermic reactions, focusing on weaknesses that remain in existing gas-phase models of cloud chemistry. Particular instances are the lack of success in accounting for observed abundances of NH3, N2H+ and cyanopolyacetylenes.
When ‘hot-ion’ reactions are included in the ion-molecule model we obtain predicted abundances in cold clouds like TMC-1, agreeing very well with observations (to better than one order of magnitude) for virtually all smaller molecules included in the model. In particular, the discrepancies for NH3, N2H+ and cyanopolyacetylenes no longer arise. This occurs in the time regime 106.3–106.5 yr [note that this is not the time where the abundance of complex species go through a maximum (˜ 105.5 yr) but somewhat later] and not for very old clouds (age &gt; 107.5 yr).
If we use rate constants for hydrogen atom abstraction reactions based on current estimates of their activation energies, then the ‘hot-ion’ reactions do not lead to a noticeable increase in the production of longer chain hydrocarbons. However, for smaller values of these activation energies (for example, those that might make the rate constants around 10−11 cm3 s−1), such hot-ion reactions could dramatically increase the efficiency of carbon-chain building by gas-phase reactions. Therefore, these hot-ion processes may ultimately prove to be the basis of the build-up of these larger species in cold clouds.
If the build-up of long chains is to be attributed to the effect of these hot-ion reactions, then the unexpectedly gradual decline in the abundances of CnH, with increasing n, is readily explained. It seems plausible to attribute the irregular variation in these abundances to the enhanced rate of ion-dipolar processes as compared with ion-non-polar reactions, although such influences are more pronounced at greater cloud ages (&gt; 107.5 yr).
Asteroseismic inference of the near-core magnetic field strength in the main-sequence B star HD 43317
Authors: Lecoanet Daniel , Bowman Dominic M , Van Reeth Timothy 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
About 10 per cent of intermediate- and high-mass dwarf stars are observed to host a strong large-scale magnetic field at their surface, which is thought to be of fossil field origin. However, there are few inferences as to the magnetic field strength and geometry within the deep interiors of stars. Considering that massive stars harbour a convective core whilst on the main sequence, asteroseismology of gravity (g) modes is able to provide constraints on their core masses, yet it has so far not been used to probe the strength of their interior magnetic fields. Here, we use asteroseismology to constrain an upper limit for the magnetic field strength in the near-core region of the pulsating and magnetic B star HD 43317, based on the expected interaction of a magnetic field and its g modes. We find a magnetic field strength of order 5 × 105 G is sufficient to suppress high-radial order g modes and reproduce the observed frequency spectrum of HD 43317, which contains only high-frequency g modes. This result is the first inference of the magnetic field strength inside a main-sequence star.
Abatacept ameliorates both glandular and extraglandular involvements in patients with Sjögren’s syndrome associated with rheumatoid arthritis: Findings from an open-label, multicentre, 1-year, prospective study: The ROSE (Rheumatoid Arthritis with Orencia Trial Toward Sjögren’s Syndrome Endocrinopathy) and ROSE II trials
Authors: Tsuboi Hiroto , Toko Hirofumi , Honda Fumika , Abe Saori , Takahashi Hiroyuki , Yagishita Mizuki , Hagiwara Shinya , Ohyama Ayako , Kondo Yuya , Nakano Kazuhisa , Tanaka Yoshiya , Shimizu Toshimasa , Nakamura Hideki , Kawakami Atsushi , Fujieda Yuichiro , Atsumi Tatsuya , Suzuki Yasunori , Kawano Mitsuhiro , Nishina Naoshi , Kaneko Yuko , Takeuchi Tsutomu , Kobayashi Hitomi , Takei Masami , Ogasawara Michihiro , Tamura Naoto , Takasaki Yoshinari , Yokota Kazuhiro , Akiyama Yuji , Mimura Toshihide , Murakami Kosaku , Mimori Tsuneyo , Ohshima Shiro , Azuma Naoto , Sano Hajime , Nishiyama Susumu , Matsumoto Isao , Sumida Takayuki 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT

Objective
To clarify the efficacy and safety of intravenous abatacept for glandular and extraglandular involvements in Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Materials and methods
We performed an open-label, prospective, 1-year, observational multicenter study (ROSE and ROSE II trials). The primary endpoint was the remission rate as measured by SDAI at 52 weeks. The secondary endpoints included the changes in the Saxon’s test, Schirmer’s test, ESSDAI and ESSPRI. Adverse events and adherence rates were also analyzed.

Results
68 patients (36 in ROSE and 32 in ROSE II, all women) were enrolled. SDAI decreased significantly from 23.6 ± 13.2 at baseline to 9.9 ± 9.5 at 52 weeks. Patients with SDAI remission increased from 0 (0 weeks) to 19 patients (27.9%) at 52 weeks. Saliva volume increased significantly at 24 weeks. Tear volume increased significantly at 52 weeks. Both ESSDAI and ESSPRI were significantly decreased at 12 weeks, and these responses were maintained up to 52 weeks. The rate of adherence to abatacept over the 52-week period was 83.8%. Twenty-two adverse events occurred in 15 patients.

Conclusion
Abatacept ameliorated both glandular and extraglandular involvements, as well as the systemic disease activities and patient-reported outcomes based on composite measures, in SS associated with RA.
CMTR1 is recruited to transcription start sites and promotes ribosomal protein and histone gene expression in embryonic stem cells
Authors: Liang Shang , Silva Joana C , Suska Olga , Lukoszek Radoslaw , Almohammed Rajaei , Cowling Victoria H 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
CMTR1 (cap methyltransferase 1) catalyses methylation of the first transcribed nucleotide of RNAPII transcripts (N1 2′-O-Me), creating part of the mammalian RNA cap structure. In addition to marking RNA as self, N1 2′-O-Me has ill-defined roles in RNA expression and translation. Here, we investigated the gene specificity of CMTR1 and its impact on RNA expression in embryonic stem cells. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation, CMTR1 was found to bind to transcription start sites (TSS) correlating with RNAPII levels, predominantly binding at histone genes and ribosomal protein (RP) genes. Repression of CMTR1 expression resulted in repression of RNAPII binding at the TSS and repression of RNA expression, particularly of histone and RP genes. In correlation with regulation of histones and RP genes, CMTR1 repression resulted in repression of translation and induction of DNA replication stress and damage. Indicating a direct role for CMTR1 in transcription, addition of recombinant CMTR1 to purified nuclei increased transcription of the histone and RP genes. CMTR1 was found to be upregulated during neural differentiation and there was an enhanced requirement for CMTR1 for gene expression and proliferation during this process. We highlight the distinct roles of the cap methyltransferases RNMT and CMTR1 in target gene expression and differentiation.
Neurotoxicity following CD19/CD28ζ CAR T-cells in children and young adults with B-cell malignancies
Authors: Shalabi Haneen , Martin Staci , Yates Bonnie , Wolters Pamela L , Kaplan Claire , Smith Hannah , Sesi Christopher R , Jess Jennifer , Toledo-Tamula Mary Anne , Struemph Kari , Delbrook Cindy P , Khan Omar I , Mackall Crystal L , Lee Daniel W , Shah Nirali N 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundNeurotoxicity is an established toxicity of CD19 CAR T-cell therapy; however, there is little information on neurotoxicity in children, adolescents, and young adults (CAYA) receiving CD19/CD28ζ CAR T-cells for B-cell malignancies.MethodsWe analyzed neurotoxicity of CD19/CD28ζ CAR T-cells in CAYA treated on a phase I study (NCT01593696). Assessments included daily inpatient monitoring, caregiver-based neuro-symptom checklist (NSC), exploratory neurocognitive assessments, clinically-indicated imaging, CSF analysis, and systematic cytokine profiling, outcomes of which were associated with cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and treatment response postinfusion. Patients with active CNS leukemia were included.ResultsAmongst 52 patients treated, 13 patients had active CNS leukemia at infusion. Neurotoxicity was seen in 11/52 (21.2%) patients, with an incidence of 29.7% (11/37) in patients with CRS. Neurotoxicity was associated with the presence and severity of CRS. Those with neurotoxicity had higher levels of peak serum IL-6, IFNγ, and IL-15. Additionally, CNS leukemia was effectively eradicated in most patients with CRS. Pilot neurocognitive testing demonstrated stable-to-improved neurocognitive test scores in most patients, albeit limited by small patient numbers. The NSC enabled caregiver input into the patient experience.ConclusionsThis is the first systematic analysis of neurotoxicity utilizing a CD19/CD28ζ CAR construct in CAYA, including in those with active CNS involvement. The experience demonstrates that the neurotoxicity profile was acceptable and reversible, with evidence of anti-leukemia response and CNS trafficking of CAR T-cells. Additionally, neurocognitive testing, while exploratory, provides an opportunity for future studies to employ systematic evaluations into neurotoxicity assessments and validation is needed in future studies.
Tumor-related molecular determinants of neurocognitive deficits in patients with diffuse glioma
Authors: van Kessel Emma , Berendsen Sharon , Baumfalk Anniek E , Venugopal Hema , Krijnen Eva A , Spliet Wim G M , van Hecke Wim , Giuliani Fabrizio , Seute Tatjana , van Zandvoort Martine J E , Snijders Tom J , Robe Pierre A 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundCognitive impairment is a common and debilitating symptom in patients with diffuse glioma, and is the result of multiple factors. We hypothesized that molecular tumor characteristics influence neurocognitive functioning (NCF), and aimed to identify tumor-related markers of NCF in diffuse glioma patients.MethodsWe examined the relation between cognitive performance (executive function, memory, and psychomotor speed) and intratumoral expression levels of molecular markers in treatment-naive patients with diffuse glioma. We performed a single-center study in a consecutive cohort, through a two-step design: (1) hypothesis-free differential expression and gene set enrichment analysis to identify candidate oncogenetic markers for cognitive impairment. Nineteen molecular markers of interest were derived from this set of genes, as well as from prior knowledge; (2) correlation of cognitive performance to intratumoral expression levels of these nineteen molecular markers, measured with immunohistochemistry.ResultsFrom 708 included patients with immunohistochemical data, we performed an in-depth analysis of neuropsychological data in 197, and differential expression analysis in 65 patients. After correcting for tumor volume and location, we found significant associations between expression levels of CD3 and IDH-1 and psychomotor speed; between IDH-1, ATRX, NLGN3, BDNF, CK2Beta, EAAT1, GAT-3, SRF, and memory performance; and between IDH-1, P-STAT5b, NLGN3, CK2Beta, and executive functioning. P-STAT5b, CD163, CD3, and Semaphorin-3A were independently associated after further correction for histopathological grade.ConclusionMolecular characteristics of glioma can be independent determinants of patients’ cognitive functioning. This suggests that besides tumor volume, location, and histological grade, variations in glioma biology influence cognitive performance through mechanisms that include perturbation of neuronal communication. These results pave the way towards targeted cognition improving therapies in neuro-oncology.
Raising the Bar: Improving Antimicrobial Resistance Detection by Clinical Laboratories by Ensuring Use of Current Breakpoints
Authors: Simner Patricia J , Rauch Carol A , Martin Isabella W , Sullivan Kaede V , Rhoads Daniel , Rolf Robin , She Rosemary , Souers Rhona J , Wojewoda Christina , Humphries Romney M 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a pressing global challenge detected by antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) performed by clinical laboratories. AST results are interpreted using clinical breakpoints, which are updated to enable accurate detection of new and emerging AMR. Laboratories that do not apply up-to-date breakpoints impede global efforts to address the AMR crisis, but the extent of this practice is poorly understood.

Methods
A total of 1490 clinical laboratories participating in a College of American Pathologists proficiency testing survey for bacterial cultures were queried to determine use of obsolete breakpoints.

Results
Between 37.9% and 70.5% of US laboratories reported using obsolete breakpoints for the antimicrobials that were queried. In contrast, only 17.7%–43.7% of international laboratories reported using obsolete breakpoints (P &lt; .001 for all comparisons). Use of current breakpoints varied by AST system, with more laboratories reporting use of current breakpoints in the US if the system had achieved US Food and Drug Administration clearance with current breakpoints. Among laboratories that indicated use of obsolete breakpoints, 55.9% had no plans to update to current standards. The most common reason cited was manufacturer-related issues (51.3%) and lack of internal resources to perform analytical validation studies to make the update (23.4%). Thirteen percent of laboratories indicated they were unaware of breakpoint changes or the need to update breakpoints.

Conclusions
These data demonstrate a significant gap in the ability to detect AMR in the US, and to a lesser extent internationally. Improved application of current breakpoints by clinical laboratories will require combined action from regulatory agencies, laboratory accreditation groups, and device manufacturers.
Culture Yield in the Diagnosis of Native Vertebral Osteomyelitis: A Single Tertiary Center Retrospective Case Series With Literature Review
Authors: Weihe Rachel , Taghlabi Khaled , Lowrance Maren , Reeves Alan , Jackson Sean R , Burton Douglas C , El Atrouni Wissam 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
Vertebral osteomyelitis is a serious condition that requires prompt diagnosis to avoid delays in proper management. There is no well-defined gold standard for diagnosis. We describe the current diagnostic approach at our institution, with a focus on the yield of image-guided vertebral biopsy.

Methods
We performed a single-centre 10-year retrospective case series, including adults with imaging suggestive of vertebral osteomyelitis/discitis, with either positive blood cultures, and/or a vertebral biopsy. We defined positive histopathology as our gold standard for test characteristic evaluation of biopsy cultures.

Results
Out of 694 patients identified, 221 met our inclusion criteria, and 173/221 (78.2%) patients underwent a spinal biopsy. Of those patients with biopsies, 113 (65%) had received antibiotics within 2 weeks preceding their evaluation. Six of 43 (13.9%) bone specimens were positive by culture, while 66/152 (43.4%) of disc specimens were culture positive. Forty-seven of 84 (55.9%) histopathology (bone or disc) specimens were diagnostic for osteomyelitis/discitis. The sensitivity of bone and disk culture were 30.0% and 56.0%, respectively, with specificities of 92.8% and 75.0%, respectively. Twenty-three (13.4%) patients had repeat biopsies, including 10 bone specimens and 14 disc specimens, and 11 (47.8%) specimens had histopathology performed which diagnosed an additional 3/23 patients (13% additional diagnostic yield).

Conclusions
Culture of percutaneous biopsy of disc resulted in the highest diagnostic yield. Histopathology added to the diagnostic yield in culture-negative specimens. Histopathologic evaluation of bone had better yield than bone culture. A repeat biopsy can add to the diagnostic yield.
The Impact of Infection Versus Colonization on Clostridioides difficile Environmental Contamination in Hospitalized Patients With Diarrhea
Authors: Warren Bobby G , Turner Nicholas A , Addison Rachel , Nelson Alicia , Barrett Aaron , Addison Bechtler , Graves Amanda , Smith Becky , Lewis Sarah S , Weber David J , Sickbert-Bennett Emily E , Anderson Deverick J 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
Patients with Clostridioides difficile infections (CDIs) contaminate the healthcare environment; however, the relative contribution of contamination by colonized individuals is unknown. Current guidelines do not recommend the use of contact precautions for asymptomatic C difficile carriers. We evaluated C difficile environmental contamination in rooms housing adult inpatients with diarrhea based on C difficile status.

Methods
We performed a prospective cohort study of inpatient adults with diarrhea who underwent testing for CDI via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Patients were stratified into cohorts based on test result: infected (PCR+/EIA+), colonized (PCR+/EIA−), or negative/control (PCR−). Environmental microbiological samples were taken within 24 hours of C difficile testing and again for 2 successive days. Samples were obtained from the patient, bathroom, and care areas.

Results
We enrolled 94 patients between November 2019 and June 2021. Clostridioides difficile was recovered in 93 (38%) patient rooms: 44 (62%) infected patient rooms, 35 (43%) colonized patient rooms (P = .08 vs infected 38 patient rooms), and 14 (15%) negative patient rooms (P &lt; .01 vs infected; P &lt; .01 vs colonized). Clostridioides difficile was recovered in 40 (56%), 6 (9%), and 20 (28%) of bathrooms, care areas and patient areas in 40 infected patient rooms; 34 (41%), 1 (1%), and 4 (5%) samples in colonized patient rooms; and 12 (13%), 1 (1%), and 3 (3%) of samples in negative patient rooms, respectively.

Conclusions
Patients colonized with C difficile frequently contaminated the hospital environment. Our data support the use of contact precautions when entering rooms of patients colonized with C difficile, especially when entering the bathroom.
Identifying Enablers and Obstacles for Knowledge Management in a Police Organization: Case Study of Abu Dhabi Police
Authors: Al Dhanhani Mohamed Ali , Al Naqbi Shamma 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Knowledge management and its effectiveness may be a potential catalyst for achieving project goals for optimum success and speed, or it may be a major cause of project failure when knowledge is inadequately managed. Recent scientific research has touched on the failure to facilitate the application of knowledge management mechanisms in all project phases due to the temporary status of projects as well as deficiencies in applying the concept of accountability among specialists. This paper reports on one element of a wider research project undertaken with Abu Dhabi Police to identify enablers and barriers to knowledge management in police projects. The research was qualitative in nature and focused directly on addressing mechanisms and methods of integrating management knowledge to improve project success and develop the capability of human capital in policing. The results of the research identified nine enablers that support successful knowledge management in policing projects: A policy for the management of knowledge, institutional leadership in support of open communication and motivation, highlighting the value of knowledge management, linking knowledge management content with job descriptions, establishment of specific channels for communicating with project stakeholders, adequate technology resources, communication systems to manage knowledge between teams in separate locations, enable social interaction to facilitate the process of knowledge management in daily operations, and apply processes for assessment and measurement in the use of social networks for knowledge management.
‘Invisible’ orthodontics by polymeric ‘clear’ aligners molded on 3D-printed personalized dental models
Authors: Yu Xiaoye , Li Guanghui , Zheng Yikan , Gao Jingming , Fu Ye , Wang Qunsong , Huang Lei , Pan Xiaogang , Ding Jiandong 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The malalignment of teeth is treated classically by metal braces with alloy wires, which has an unfavorable influence on the patients appearance during the treatment. With the development of digitization, computer simulation and three-dimensional (3D) printing technology, herein, a modern treatment was tried using clear polymeric aligners, which were fabricated by molding polyurethane films via thermoforming on the 3D-printed personalized dental models. The key parameters of photocurable 3D printing of dental models and the mechanical properties of the clear aligner film material were examined. The precision of a 3D-printed dental model mainly relied on characteristics of photocurable resin, the resolution of light source and the exposure condition, which determined the eventual shape of the molded clear aligner and thus the orthodontic treatment efficacy. The biocompatibility of the polyurethane film material was confirmed through cytotoxicity and hemolysis tests in vitro. Following a series of 3D-printed personalized dental models and finite element analysis to predict and plan the fabrication and orthodontic processes, corresponding clear aligners were fabricated and applied in animal experiments, which proved the efficacy and biocompatibility in vivo. Clinical treatments of 120 orthodontic cases were finally carried out with success, which highlights the advantage of the clear aligners as an esthetic, compatible and efficient appliance.
The False Dichotomy of Sex and Religion in America
Authors: Burke Kelsy 
Published: February 2022

AbstractReligion and sexuality are polysemic categories. While conservative religion often fights against progressive sexual politics in contemporary America, this “usual story” is fractured and destabilized by people navigating the relationship between religion and sexuality as complex social creatures, not pundits or caricatures. Drawing from interdisciplinary scholarship, I examine salient issues of sexual politics—including abortion and reproductive rights, LGBT rights, and pornography—to show how religious actors have been on both sides of these debates. Because of this polysemic complexity, scholars of religion must not only tend to the dynamic interaction between religion and other categories, we must also recognize and study the diversity within the categories themselves.