bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 14-mediated phosphorylation of MaMYB4 negatively regulates banana fruit ripening
Authors: Yang Yingying , Wu Chaojie , Shan Wei , Wei Wei , Zhao Yating , Kuang Jianfei , Chen Jianye , Jiang Yueming , Lu Wangjin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK/MPK) cascades play crucial parts in plant growth, development processes, immune ability, and stress responses; however, the regulatory mechanism by which MAPK affects fruit ripening remains largely unexplored. Here, we reported that MaMPK14 cooperated with MaMYB4 to mediate postharvest banana fruit ripening. Transient overexpression of individual MaMPK14 and MaMYB4 in banana fruit delayed fruit ripening, confirming the negative roles in the ripening. The ripening negative regulator MaMYB4 could repress the transcription of genes associated with ethylene biosynthesis and fruit softening, such as MaACS1, MaXTH5, MaPG3, and MaEXPA15. Furthermore, MaMPK14 phosphorylated MaMYB4 at Ser160 via a direct interaction. Mutation at Ser160 of MaMYB4 reduced its interaction with MaMPK14 but did not affect its subcellular localization. Importantly, phosphorylation of MaMYB4 by MaMPK14 enhanced the MaMYB4-mediated transcriptional inhibition, binding strength, protein stability, and the repression of fruit ripening. Taken together, our results delineated the regulation pathway of MAPK module during banana fruit ripening, which involved the phosphorylation modification of MaMYB4 mediated by MaMPK14.
Political stability, trust and support for public policies: a survey experiment examining source effects for COVID-19 interventions in Australia and Hong Kong
Authors: Martin Aaron , Mikołajczak Gosia , Baekkeskov Erik , Hartley Kris 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
What is the relationship between political stability, trust, and source effects on support for public policies? In this article, we examine how source type (and the trust respondents have in different sources) impacts support for new policies and the degree to which this impact is moderated by political stability. This article reports the results of a survey experiment administered simultaneously in Australia and Hong Kong in late 2020 examining source effects on public attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccination and testing policies. For each case, the analyses compare source effects between a lesser trusted source (government) and a more trusted source (medical scientists). The study also compares these effects between cases, contrasting an environment of continuing political stability (Australia) with one of decreasing political stability (Hong Kong). Australian respondents tended to have similar attitudes toward policies regardless of the source, while Hong Kong respondents looked significantly more favorably on policies put forward by medical scientists than those put forward by the government. The results show that source effects can be moderated by political context—a finding that holds implications for the design of comparative studies about public trust and political legitimacy in settings where policy development relies on scientific input.
Electing More Women to National Legislatures: An Interplay between Global Normative Pressure and Domestic Political Regimes
Authors: Hong Mi Hwa , Kim Nam Kyu 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Existing studies show that democracies are no better than autocracies in terms of women's legislative representation. This finding seems counterintuitive because democracies are more politically inclusive and foster greater respect for civil and political rights, compared to autocracies. We revisit the relationship between democracy and women's legislative representation by considering the interaction between democracy and global norms of gender equality in politics. We argue that democracies are better able than autocracies to translate a global norm of gender-balanced political representation into actual domestic practices. Further, we contend that the effect of democracies also depends on the external normative pressure. Using a time-series cross-sectional dataset covering 147 countries from 1951 to 2013, our analysis shows that the more democratic a country is, the more responsive it is to global norms promoting gender equality in politics. It also demonstrates that the effect of democracy on women's representation strengthens, as global normative pressure for women's inclusion in politics grows.
Comparative effectiveness of antibiotic therapy for carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) bloodstream infections in hospitalized US veterans
Authors: Wilson Geneva M , Fitzpatrick Margaret A , Suda Katie J , Smith Bridget M , Gonzalez Beverly , Jones Makoto , Schweizer Marin L , Evans Martin , Evans Charlesnika T 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales bloodstream infections (CRE-BSI) increase mortality three-fold compared with carbapenem-susceptible bloodstream infections. Because these infections are rare, there is a paucity of information on mortality associated with different treatment regimens. This study examines treatment regimens and association with in-hospital, 30 day and 1 year mortality risk for patients with CRE-BSI.

Methods
This retrospective cohort study identified hospitalized patients within the Veteran Affairs (VA) from 2013 to 2018 with a positive CRE blood culture and started antibiotic treatment within 5 days of culture. Primary outcomes were in-hospital, 30 day and 1 year all-cause mortality. Secondary outcomes were healthcare costs at 30 days and 1 year and Clostridioides difficile infection 6 weeks post culture date. The propensity for receiving each treatment regimen was determined. Multivariable regression assessed the association between treatment and outcomes.

Results
There were 393 hospitalized patients from 2013 to 2018 included in the study. The cohort was male (97%) and elderly (mean age 71.0 years). Carbapenems were the most prescribed antibiotics (47%). In unadjusted analysis, ceftazidime/avibactam was associated with a lower likelihood of 30 day and 1 year mortality. After adjusting, ceftazidime/avibactam had a 30 day mortality OR of 0.42 (95% CI 0.17–1.02). No difference was found in C. difficile incidence at 6 weeks post-infection or total costs at 30 days or 1 year post culture date by any treatments.

Conclusions
In hospitalized veterans with CRE-BSI, none of the treatments were shown to be associated with all-cause mortality. Ceftazidime/avibactam trended towards protectiveness against 30 day and 1 year all-cause mortality. Use of ceftazidime/avibactam should be encouraged for treatment of CRE-BSI.
Antibiotic consumption in India: geographical variations and temporal changes between 2011 and 2019
Authors: Fazaludeen Koya Shaffi , Ganesh Senthil , Selvaraj Sakthivel , Wirtz Veronika J , Galea Sandro , Rockers Peter C 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Objectives
To describe and compare private sector systemic (J01) antibiotic consumption across Indian states from 2011 to 2019.

Methods
We used the nationally representative PharmaTrac dataset to describe the consumption rates in DDD across national, state and state-group [high focus (HF) and non-high focus (nHF)] levels. We used median and IQRs to describe and compare across states and state groups, and relative change and compound annual growth rate (CAGR) to examine temporal changes.

Results
The annual consumption rate decreased by 3.6% between 2011 and 2019. The share of Access antibiotics decreased (13.1%) and the Access/Watch ratio declined from 0.59 to 0.49. State consumption rates varied widely (HF states reported lower rates) and the inappropriate use increased over the years, especially among HF states. The HF and nHF states showed convergence in the share of the Access and the Access/Watch ratio, while they showed divergence in the use of Discouraged fixed-dose combinations.

Conclusions and implications
India’s private-sector antibiotic consumption rate was lower than global rates. The rates varied across states and appropriateness of use decreased in most states over the years. States with an increase in appropriate use over time could serve as best practice examples. Studies to understand the factors affecting inappropriate use are required alongside improved data systems to monitor the public-sector provision of antibiotics to understand the total consumption.
An analysis of the effects of limited training data in distributed learning scenarios for brain age prediction
Authors: Souza Raissa , Mouches Pauline , Wilms Matthias , Tuladhar Anup , Langner Sönke , Forkert Nils D 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Objective
Distributed learning avoids problems associated with central data collection by training models locally at each site. This can be achieved by federated learning (FL) aggregating multiple models that were trained in parallel or training a single model visiting sites sequentially, the traveling model (TM). While both approaches have been applied to medical imaging tasks, their performance in limited local data scenarios remains unknown. In this study, we specifically analyze FL and TM performances when very small sample sizes are available per site.

Materials and Methods
2025 T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scans were used to investigate the effect of sample sizes on FL and TM for brain age prediction. We evaluated models across 18 scenarios varying the number of samples per site (1, 2, 5, 10, and 20) and the number of training rounds (20, 40, and 200).

Results
Our results demonstrate that the TM outperforms FL, for every sample size examined. In the extreme case when each site provided only one sample, FL achieved a mean absolute error (MAE) of 18.9 ± 0.13 years, while the TM achieved a MAE of 6.21 ± 0.50 years, comparable to central learning (MAE = 5.99 years).

Discussion
Although FL is more commonly used, our study demonstrates that TM is the best implementation for small sample sizes.

Conclusion
The TM offers new opportunities to apply machine learning models in rare diseases and pediatric research but also allows even small hospitals to contribute small datasets.
Metabolism of the Synthetic Cathinone Alpha-Pyrrolidinoisohexanophenone in Humans Using UHPLC--MS-QToF
Authors: Kemenes K , Hidvégi E , Szabó L , Kerner Á , Süvegh G 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Alpha-pyrrolidinoisohexanophenone (α-PHiP/α-PiHP) is a synthetic drug structurally related to cathine, a natural psychoactive alkaloid, isolated from Khat plant. The α-PiHP is a structural isomer of α-PHP, and both α-PHP and α-PiHP could be considered an analog of α-PVP, a Schedule I drug under the Convention on Psychotropic Substances by the United Nations. This α-pyrrolidinophenone was first reported to European Monitoring of Drug and Drug Addiction by Slovenia in December 2016. In Hungary, it was initially reported in August 2016, and until 2021, it had been detected in seizures only twice and never been identified in biological samples. However, in 2021, its consumption became prevalent in Hungary. This study aims to investigate the α-PiHP metabolites by performing in vitro and in vivo metabolite identification studies of human liver microsome (pHLM), S9 fraction (pS9) and urine samples (from control and users), using liquid chromatography in conjunction with high-resolution mass spectrometry. Ten in vivo urinary metabolites of α-PiHP were tentatively identified and confirmed by in vitro metabolites detected in pHLM and pS9 samples. Among the eight Phase I and the two Phase II metabolites, five were more abundant in urine than the parent compound. The two major metabolites via reduction of the keto moiety (M01) and via oxidation of the pyrrolidine ring combined with aliphatic hydroxylation and keto reduction (M06) were identified. The metabolites via the combination of keto reduction and aliphatic hydroxylation (M04), via ring-opening followed by carboxylation (M09) and via glucuronidation of the keto reduced metabolite (M07) were also dominant. The minor metabolites were one Phase II metabolite (M08), two metabolites via aliphatic hydroxylation (M02 and M03), one metabolite via the combination of keto reduction and oxidation of the pyrrolidine ring (M05) and one metabolite via oxidation of the pyrrolidine ring (M10).
β-1,4-Galactan suppresses lipid synthesis in sebaceous gland cells via TLR4
Authors: Ayaki Satomi , Mii Tomohiro , Matsuno Kosuke , Tokuyama Takaaki , Tokuyama Takahito , Tokuyama Takashi , Uyama Toru , Ueda Natsuo 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Sebum is a lipid mixture secreted from sebaceous glands of the skin. The excessive secretion of sebum causes acne vulgaris and seborrheic dermatitis, while its deficiency causes xerosis. Therefore, the appropriate control of sebum secretion is crucially important to keep the skin healthy. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of naturally occurring polysaccharides on lipid biosynthesis in hamster sebaceous gland cells. Among the tested polysaccharides, β-1,4-galactan, the main chain of type I arabinogalactan, most potently suppressed lipid synthesis in the sebaceous gland cells as analysed by oil red O staining. Toll-like receptor (TLR)4 inhibitors counteracted this suppressive effect and lipopolysaccharide, a TLR4 ligand, mimicked this effect, suggesting the involvement of the TLR4 signalling pathway. In the cells β-1,4-galactan significantly decreased mRNA levels of lipogenesis-related transcription factors (peroxisomeGraphical Abstract$\includegraphics{\bwartpath }$ proliferator-activated receptor γ and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1) and enzymes (acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthase) as well as the glucose transporter GLUT4. Furthermore, β-1,4-galactan increased the production of lactic acid serving as a natural moisturizing factor and enhanced the proliferation of sebaceous gland cells. These results suggest potential of β-1,4-galactan as a material with therapeutic and cosmetic values for the skin.
Comparative study of a novel arithmetic amplitude-phase weighted beamforming method in vector and tensor CSAMT
Authors: Fan Haifeng , Zhang Yiming , Wang Xuhong 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Vector controlled-source audio-frequency magnetotellurics (CSAMT) emits electromagnetic waves with a low directivity coefficient using a grounded horizontal electric dipole (HED). During observations in the far-field region (FfR), only a fraction of radiation energy is used. To improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in the FfR, it is necessary to increase the power of the transmitter or shorten the transceiver distance, but it will restrict the development of vector CSAMT. Comparatively, the tensor CSAMT uses HEDs in two directions to measure geological bodies in every direction. If the geological conditions of two HEDs are vastly different, it is easy to cause issues, such as an imbalance of the SNR in two directions of the receiving point. This paper presents a comparative study of a novel arithmetic amplitude-phase (AAP) weighted beamforming method (BFM) in vector and tensor CSAMT, which uses multiple HEDs to transmit signals with controlled amplitude ratio and phase difference to modulate the wavefront, thereby achieving beam steering and other additional functions (such as amplitude compensation). By concentrating the radiation energy in the area of interest (AoI) using BFM, the SNR can be largely regulated. The comparative simulation and analysis demonstrate that the BFM has advantages in improving energy utilization and beam steering in vector and tensor CSAMT. On the premise of same power and transceiver distance, using the AAP-weighted BFM, the SNR received in the AoI can meet the requirements better than that received via the traditional method.
Conceptualizing Conflict-Related Child and Early Marriage as Insecurity: At the Intersection of Gender and Age
Authors: Lee-Koo Katrina , Gordon Eleanor 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Child, early, and forced marriage (CEFM) remains prevalent worldwide. Rates are especially high in areas affected by crisis and conflict. CEFM predominately impacts girls, who are married to adult men; it increases their vulnerability to other threats, including physical, economic, and health insecurities, and curtails access to education. Moreover, because of these resultant threats, CEFM entrenches gender inequality and compromises the extent to which girls engage in community-based crisis response and recovery, thereby undermining efforts to build inclusive, meaningful, and sustainable peace and security. In spite of this, there is little consideration of CEFM in security theorizing or practice. This article explores the security-related causes and effects of CEFM on adolescent girls in conflict-affected contexts by drawing from research conducted in four crisis contexts: Lake Chad (Niger, Nigeria, and Cameroon), South Sudan and Uganda, Lebanon (Beirut), and Bangladesh (Cox's Bazar). The article argues that, using an age-responsive critical feminist security framework, clear links can be made between gender inequality, CEFM in adolescent girls, and security.
Trees in silvopastoral systems reduce legume proportion with no consequence for internal N resorption efficiency
Authors: Schmiedgen Andrea , Komainda Martin , Kayser Manfred , Tonn Bettina , Isselstein Johannes 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn legume-based grasslands, legumes supply the sward with nitrogen (N) from biological N2-fixation. Previous studies in silvopastoral systems have emphasized that legume proportions decline near trees which would cause spatial variation in the N supply and the concentration of N in the harvested herbage of grass swards between trees. In natural ecosystems, it was shown that the N resorption efficiency (NRE) was increased by nutrient limitation, hence, near trees where legumes are scarce. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that the NRE is increased near trees and compensates for the loss of legumes with respect to N concentration in live herbage. Two vegetation compositions consisting of legume-based grass swards were analysed across positions between tree lines in an alley cropping system established 5 years prior to this study. Legume proportion declined up to 45% towards the tree line, and also N concentration in live and dead herbage but on average only declined by 15%. As a consequence of a reduced N concentration and also herbage mass close to trees, the N yield decreased by up to 50%. Despite the loss of legumes near trees, the NRE was unaffected by the tree line irrespective of vegetation composition. Further, the results indicate that internal N cycling of managed grass swards in silvopastoral grassland with short defoliation intervals between harvests is of lesser relevance than in unmanaged ecosystems. Legume proportions control the N concentrations of live and dead herbage irrespective of tree shading in silvopastoral systems.
The Dark Energy Survey Supernova Program results: type Ia supernova brightness correlates with host galaxy dust
Authors: Meldorf C , Palmese A , Brout D , Chen R , Scolnic D , Kelsey L , Galbany L , Hartley W G , Davis T M , Drlica-Wagner A , Vincenzi M , Annis J , Dixon M , Graur O , Lidman C , Möller A , Nugent P , Rose B , Smith M , Allam S , Tucker D L , Asorey J , Calcino J , Carollo D , Glazebrook K , Lewis G F , Taylor G , Tucker B E , Kim A G , Diehl H T , Aguena M , Andrade-Oliveira F , Bacon D , Bertin E , Bocquet S , Brooks D , Burke D L , Carretero J , Carrasco Kind M , Castander F J , Costanzi M , da Costa L N , Desai S , Doel P , Everett S , Ferrero I , Friedel D , Frieman J , García-Bellido J , Gatti M , Gruen D , Gschwend J , Gutierrez G , Hinton S R , Hollowood D L , Honscheid K , James D J , Kuehn K , March M , Marshall J L , Menanteau F , Miquel R , Morgan R , Paz-Chinchón F , Pereira M E S , Plazas Malagón A A , Sanchez E , Scarpine V , Sevilla-Noarbe I , Suchyta E , Tarle G , Varga T N ,   DES Collaboration
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
Cosmological analyses with type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) often assume a single empirical relation between colour and luminosity (β) and do not account for varying host-galaxy dust properties. However, from studies of dust in large samples of galaxies, it is known that dust attenuation can vary significantly. Here, we take advantage of state-of-the-art modelling of galaxy properties to characterize dust parameters (dust attenuation AV, and a parameter describing the dust law slope RV) for 1100 Dark Energy Survey (DES) SN host galaxies. Utilizing optical and infrared data of the hosts alone, we find three key aspects of host dust that impact SN cosmology: (1) there exists a large range (∼1–6) of host RV; (2) high-stellar mass hosts have RV on average ∼0.7 lower than that of low-mass hosts; (3) for a subsample of 81 spectroscopically classified SNe there is a significant (&gt;3σ) correlation between the Hubble diagram residuals of red SNe Ia and the host RV that when corrected for reduces scatter by $\sim 13{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ and the significance of the ‘mass step’ to ∼1σ. These represent independent confirmations of recent predictions based on dust that attempted to explain the puzzling ‘mass step’ and intrinsic scatter (σint) in SN Ia analyses.
GRB 180325A: dust grain-size distribution and interstellar iron nanoparticles contribution
Authors: Cappellazzo Elizabeth , Zafar Tayyaba , Corcho-Caballero Pablo , Kann David Alexander , López-Sánchez Ángel , Ahmad Adeel 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
We modelled dust grain-size distributions for carbonaceous and silicates dust, as well as for free-flying iron nanoparticles in the environment of a γ-ray burst (GRB) afterglow, GRB 180325A. This GRB, at a redshift ($z$) of 2.2486, has an unambiguous detection of the 2175 Å extinction feature with RV = 4.58 and AV = 1.58 mag. In addition to silicates, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), and graphite, we used iron nanoparticles grain-size distributions for the first time to model the observed extinction curve of GRB 180325A. We fit the observed extinction for four model permutations, using 232 sets of silicates, graphite, carbon abundance in hydrocarbon molecules (bC), and fraction of iron abundance in free-flying nanoparticles (YFe). These four different permutations were chosen to test iron nanoparticles significance and carbon abundance in hydrocarbons. Our results indicate that iron nanoparticles contribution is insignificant and there is a degeneracy of carbon abundances, with the range (0.0 ≤ bC ≤ 0.7) × 10−5 providing the best-fit to the observed extinction curve of GRB 180325A. We therefore favour the simplest model of silicates and PAHs. The silicates are dominant and contribute to the entire wavelength range of the GRB extinction curve while graphite contributes towards both the 2175 Å bump and the ultraviolet (UV) extinction. The afterglow peak luminosity (1.5 × 1051 erg s−1) indicates dust destruction may have taken place. We conclude that further investigations into other potential contributors of extinction are warranted, particularly for steep UV extinction.