bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential benefits of climate change for potatoes in the United States
Authors: Zhao Chuang , Stockle Claudio O , Karimi Tina , Nelson Roger Leroy , van Evert Frits K , Pronk Annette A , Riddle Anne A , Marshall Elizabeth , Raymundo Rubí , Li Yan , Guan Kaiyu , Gustafson Dave , Hoogenboom Gerrit , Wang Xi , Cong Jiahui , Asseng Senthold 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Potatoes are a mainstay of human diets and 4 million metric tons are produced annually in the United States. Simulations of future crop production show that climate change is likely to reduce the yields of the major grain crops around the world, but the impacts on potato production have yet to be determined. A model ensemble consisting of five process-based and one statistical model was used to estimate the impact of climate change on fully irrigated, well-fertilized potato crop across the USA under the RCP 8.5 scenario of high emissions. Results indicate that increasing temperature will reduce potato yields, but this will be mostly compensated by elevated atmospheric CO2. Yields are predicted to decline with climate change in the current highest-yielding areas, which might experience the highest rises in growing season temperature during short hot summers. Simulated yields increase slightly elsewhere in the southern regions of the USA. Planting potatoes earlier as adaptation to avoid hot summers might improve yields in most regions. Water use by the potato crop is predicted to decline despite higher temperatures, due to a shorter growing season and increased water use efficiency under elevated atmospheric CO2. With higher yields in many regions, crop uptake for (nitrogen + phosphorus + potassium) NPK fertilizer will increase, despite the reduced concentration of nutrients in potatoes due to a growth stimulus from elevated atmospheric CO2. With earlier planting, by 2050 water use will decline by 11.7%, NPK fertilizer uptake will increase by 10.4%, and yields of slightly less nutritious potatoes will increase by 14.9% nationally.
The strong role of external forcing in seasonal forecasts of European summer temperature
Authors: Patterson Matthew , Weisheimer Antje , Befort Daniel J , O’Reilly Christopher H 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Since the 1980s, external forcings from increasing greenhouse gases and declining aerosols have had a large effect on European summer temperatures. These forcings may therefore provide an important source of forecast skill, even for timescales as short as a season ahead. However, the relative importance of external forcings for seasonal forecasts has thus far received little attention, particularly on a regional scale. In this study, we investigate forcing-induced skill by comparing the near-surface temperature skill of a multi-model ensemble of seasonal predictions from the Copernicus Climate Change Service archive to that of an uninitialised ensemble of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 projections for European summers (June–July–August) spanning the years 1993–2016. As expected, predictive skill over southern Europe is larger for initialised seasonal predictions compared to uninitialised climate projections. However, for northern Europe, we find that predictive skill is generally small in current seasonal models and surprisingly even smaller compared to uninitialised climate projections. These results imply that further research is necessary to understand the role of external forcing on seasonal temperature variations over Europe.
Deep learning technique for examining the mechanism, transport, and behavior of oil-related hazardous material caused by wave breaking and turbulence
Authors: Fang Shibiao , Lin Mu , Jia Sen , Liu Kuan , Liu Darong 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A marine oil spill produces oil-related hazardous material (OHM) which can cause damage to the marine ecological environment, and seriously affect coastal economic development such as tourism and aquaculture. The turbulent momentum and energy generated by the wave breaking process have a significant effect on accelerating the mixing of OHM and seawater, which is one of the main factors in oil becoming sunken or submerged. In order to explore the influence of offshore wave breaking on the formation and transportation of OHM, the wave breaking process was simulated in a 2D laboratory flume, and the behavior process of OHM was identified and tracked in this paper. Five groups of breaking waves of different significant wave height (SWH) were set up in the experiment, and then OHM with the same density and mass was added, respectively, in order to observe the sinking process under the action of wave-induced turbulence. The results show that the turbulence intensity is closely related to the phase of the wave, the turbulence activity is violent at the wave crest, and the vertical distribution of the turbulent energy dissipation rate in the turbulent mixing zone remains basically unchanged. Under the actions of wave breaking and turbulence, the OHM’s submergence depth shows a good binomial growth trend. For SWH = 12.45 cm, the OHM stays under the water for nearly 2.32 s, and it reaches the deepest position of 0.165 m. Compared with SWH = 12.45 cm, the submergence depths for waves with SWHs of 20.61 cm, 26.81 cm, 32.32 cm, and 36.54 cm are increased by 8%, 37%, 80%, and 159%, respectively. Then, the submergence depths due to the other four waves are increased progressively, and the growth rates are 8%, 26%, 31%, 44%, respectively (compared with the same period of the previous wave).
Resetting photons
Authors: Freire Oliveira Guilherme Eduardo , Maes Christian , Meerts Kasper 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Starting from a frequency diffusion process for a tagged photon which simulates relaxation to the Planck law, we introduce a resetting where photons lower their frequency at random times. We consider two versions, one where the resetting to low frequency is independent of the existing frequency and a second case where the reduction in frequency scales with the original frequency. The result is a nonlinear Markov process where the stationary distribution modifies the Planck law by abundance of low-frequency occupation. The physical relevance of such photon resetting processes can be found in explorations of nonequilibrium effects, e.g., via random expansions of a confined plasma or photon gas or via strongly inelastic scattering with matter.
The SAGEX review on scattering amplitudes Chapter 10: Selected topics on modular covariance of type IIB string amplitudes and their

N=4

supersymmetric Yang–Mills duals
Authors: Dorigoni Daniele , Green Michael B , Wen Congkao 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This article reviews some results of the SAGEX programme that have developed in the understanding of the interplay of supersymmetry and modular covariance of scattering amplitudes in type IIB superstring theory and its holographic image in

N
=
4

supersymmetric Yang–Mills theory (SYM). The first section includes the determination of exact expressions for BPS interactions in the low-energy expansion of type IIB superstring amplitudes. The second section concerns properties of a certain class of integrated correlators in

N
=
4

SYM with arbitrary classical gauge group that are exactly determined by supersymmetric localisation. Not only do these reproduce known features of perturbative and non-perturbative

N
=
4

SYM for any classical gauge group, but they have large-N expansions that are in accord with expectations based on the holographic correspondence with superstring theory. The final section focusses on modular graph functions. These are modular functions that are closely associated with coefficients in the low-energy expansion of superstring perturbation theory and have recently received quite a lot of interest in both the physics and mathematics literature.
Biofabrication of 3D breast cancer models for dissecting the cytotoxic response of human T cells expressing engineered MAIT cell receptors
Authors: Dey Madhuri , Kim Myong Hwan , Nagamine Momoka , Karhan Ece , Kozhaya Lina , Dogan Mikail , Unutmaz Derya , Ozbolat Ibrahim T 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment with the advent of advanced cell engineering techniques aimed at targeted therapy with reduced systemic toxicity. However, understanding the underlying immune–cancer interactions require development of advanced three-dimensional (3D) models of human tissues. In this study, we fabricated 3D tumor models with increasing complexity to study the cytotoxic responses of CD8+ T cells, genetically engineered to express mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cell receptors, towards MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Homotypic MDA-MB-231 and heterotypic MDA-MB-231/human dermal fibroblast tumor spheroids were primed with precursor MAIT cell ligand 5-amino-6-D-ribitylaminouracil (5-ARU). Engineered T cells effectively eliminated tumors after a 3 d culture period, demonstrating that the engineered T cell receptor recognized major histocompatibility complex class I-related (MR1) protein expressing tumor cells in the presence of 5-ARU. Tumor cell killing efficiency of engineered T cells were also assessed by encapsulating these cells in fibrin, mimicking a tumor extracellular matrix microenvironment. Expression of proinflammatory cytokines such as interferon gamma, interleukin-13, CCL-3 indicated immune cell activation in all tumor models, post immunotherapy. Further, in corroborating the cytotoxic activity, we found that granzymes A and B were also upregulated, in homotypic as well as heterotypic tumors. Finally, a 3D bioprinted tumor model was employed to study the effect of localization of T cells with respect to tumors. T cells bioprinted proximal to the tumor had reduced invasion index and increased cytokine secretion, which indicated a paracrine mode of immune–cancer interaction. Development of 3D tumor-T cell platforms may enable studying the complex immune–cancer interactions and engineering MAIT cells for cell-based cancer immunotherapies.
Contact.engineering—Create, analyze and publish digital surface twins from topography measurements across many scales
Authors: Röttger Michael C , Sanner Antoine , Thimons Luke A , Junge Till , Gujrati Abhijeet , Monti Joseph M , Nöhring Wolfram G , Jacobs Tevis D B , Pastewka Lars 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe optimization of surface finish to improve performance, such as adhesion, friction, wear, fatigue life, or interfacial transport, occurs largely through trial and error, despite significant advancements in the relevant science. There are three central challenges that account for this disconnect: (1) the challenge of integration of many different types of measurement for the same surface to capture the multi-scale nature of roughness; (2) the technical complexity of implementing spectral analysis methods, and of applying mechanical or numerical models to describe surface performance; (3) a lack of consistency between researchers and industries in how surfaces are measured, quantified, and communicated. Here we present a freely-available internet-based application (available athttps://contact.engineering) which attempts to overcome all three challenges. First, the application enables the user to upload many different topography measurements taken from a single surface, including using different techniques, and then integrates all of them together to create a digital surface twin. Second, the application calculates many of the commonly used topography metrics, such as root-mean-square parameters, power spectral density (PSD), and autocorrelation function (ACF), as well as implementing analytical and numerical calculations, such as boundary element modeling (BEM) for elastic and plastic deformation. Third, the application serves as a repository for users to securely store surfaces, and if they choose, to share these with collaborators or even publish them (with a digital object identifier) for all to access. The primary goal of this application is to enable researchers and manufacturers to quickly and easily apply cutting-edge tools for the characterization and properties-modeling of real-world surfaces. An additional goal is to advance the use of open-science principles in surface engineering by providing a FAIR database where researchers can choose to publish surface measurements for all to use.
Effect of extrusion ratio on microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-6Sn-3Al-1Zn alloy
Authors: Zhou Shihao , Wei Fuan , Wang Jinhui , Jin Peipeng 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The Mg–6Sn–3Al–1Zn (wt%) alloy was prepared by casting and then deformed by hot extrusion at 350 °C with different extrusion ratios (9:1, 13:1, 20:1), extrusion rate was 20 mm min−1. The microstructure of as-extruded alloy was analyzed by XRD and EBSD, the tensile properties were tested by a universal testing machine. The results showed that there underwent processing hardening and recrystallization softening simultaneously during the process thermal deformation. Dynamic recrystallization (DRX) mainly occurred at the grain boundary of the deformed grain, with the extrusion ratio increased, the volume fraction of the dynamic recrystallization grain of alloy increased. When the extrusion ratio was less than or equal to 13:1, the average grain size decreased with the extrusion ratio increased. When the extrusion ratio reached up to 20:1, the average grain size increased. {0001} basal plane texture formed after the alloy extruded, and it paralleled to the extrusion direction, the texture intensity decreased first and then increased as the extrusion ratio increased. With the extrusion ratio increased from 9:1 to 20:1, the tensile properties increased first and then declined. Among all the tested alloys, the alloy with the extrusion ratio of 13:1 exhibited the optimum mechanical properties, the yield strength, tensile strength and elongation of alloy was 320 MPa, 371 MPa and 13.5%, the texture strength of the alloy was 8.26, the average grain size was 1.5 μm.
Dementia—so much done, so much to do, so much to gain by doing so
Authors: Banerjee Sube 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
it has been a busy 50 years for dementia, a complicated voyage from obscurity and neglect towards recognition, knowledge and action. This commentary sets out that path through research, practice and policy to examine what we have achieved, where we are now and what more there is to be done.

Findings
the main themes identified were as follows:

Conclusions
we have made substantial advances in cause, cure, and care research and practice. Moving to deliver solutions to improve dementia care would be of major value to the whole health and care system.
Successful in vitro fertilization in the horse: production of blastocysts and birth of foals after prolonged sperm incubation for capacitation
Authors: Felix Matheus R , Turner Regina M , Dobbie Tamara , Hinrichs Katrin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMethods for standard in vitro fertilization have been difficult to establish in the horse. We evaluated whether prolonged sperm pre-incubation would support subsequent fertilization. Fresh sperm were pre-incubated with penicillamine, hypotaurine, and epinephrine (PHE) for 22 h. Co-incubation of cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) for 6 h yielded 43% fertilization; culture of presumptive embryos yielded 21% blastocysts. Sperm incubated similarly, but without PHE, did not fertilize oocytes. Use of extended semen in the system yielded 54% blastocysts and was applied in subsequent experiments. Transfer of three in vitro fertilization-produced blastocysts to recipient mares resulted in birth of three normal foals. When sperm were pre-incubated for 22 h, 47–79% of oocytes were fertilized after 1 h of co-incubation. Sperm pre-incubated for 15 min or 6 h before co-incubation yielded no fertilization at 1 h, suggesting that capacitation in this system requires between 6 and 22 h. Sperm assessed after 15 min, 6 h, or 22 h pre-incubation showed increasing protein tyrosine phosphorylation of the midpiece, equatorial band, and apical head; this pattern differed from that induced by high pH conditions and may denote functional equine sperm capacitation. Use of the final devised system, i.e., extended semen, with 22 h of sperm pre-incubation and 3 h of COC co-incubation, yielded 90% fertilization with a blastocyst rate of 74%. This is the first report of efficient and repeatable standard in vitro fertilization in the horse and the first report of in vitro production of blastocysts and resulting foals after in vitro fertilization.
In Reply to Performance of Deep Learning in the Interpretation of Serum Protein Electrophoresis
Authors: Chabrun Floris , Dieu Xavier , Reynier Pascal , Mirebeau-Prunier Delphine 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We thank He et al. for their comments on our article (1), which gives us the opportunity to clarify some methodological points.
1. Detection of abnormal patterns: mechanics.
Successful Dietary Therapy in Paediatric Crohn’s Disease is Associated with Shifts in Bacterial Dysbiosis and Inflammatory Metabotype Towards Healthy Controls
Authors: Verburgt Charlotte M , Dunn Katherine A , Ghiboub Mohammed , Lewis James D , Wine Eytan , Sigall Boneh Rotem , Gerasimidis Konstantinos , Shamir Raanan , Penny Susanne , Pinto Devanand M , Cohen Alejandro , Bjorndahl Paul , Svolos Vaios , Bielawski Joseph P , Benninga Marc A , de Jonge Wouter J , Van Limbergen Johan E 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background and aims
Nutritional therapy with the Crohn’s Disease Exclusion Diet + Partial Enteral Nutrition [CDED+PEN] or Exclusive Enteral Nutrition [EEN] induces remission and reduces inflammation in mild-to-moderate paediatric Crohn’s disease [CD]. We aimed to assess if reaching remission with nutritional therapy is mediated by correcting compositional or functional dysbiosis.

Methods
We assessed metagenome sequences, short chain fatty acids [SCFA] and bile acids [BA] in 54 paediatric CD patients reaching remission after nutritional therapy [with CDED + PEN or EEN] [NCT01728870], compared to 26 paediatric healthy controls.

Results
Successful dietary therapy decreased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and increased Firmicutes towards healthy controls. CD patients possessed a mixture of two metabotypes [M1 and M2], whereas all healthy controls had metabotype M1. M1 was characterised by high Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, low Proteobacteria, and higher SCFA synthesis pathways, and M2 was associated with high Proteobacteria and genes involved in SCFA degradation. M1 contribution increased during diet: 48%, 63%, up to 74% [Weeks 0, 6, 12, respectively.]. By Week 12, genera from Proteobacteria reached relative abundance levels of healthy controls with the exception of E. coli. Despite an increase in SCFA synthesis pathways, remission was not associated with increased SCFAs. Primary BA decreased with EEN but not with CDED+PEN, and secondary BA did not change during diet.

Conclusion
Successful dietary therapy induced correction of both compositional and functional dysbiosis. However, 12 weeks of diet was not enough to achieve complete correction of dysbiosis. Our data suggests that composition and metabotype are important and change quickly during the early clinical response to dietary intervention. Correction of dysbiosis may therefore be an important future treatment goal for CD.
Making Terrorism Thinkable: The Philosophy of the Act and Its Reception in German Thought, 1794–1845
Authors: Ries Klaus 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This article challenges the widespread assumption that terrorist ideology was invented in the mid-nineteenth century by figures such as Pierre-Joseph Proudhon and Mikhail Bakunin. Instead, the article argues, the foundations of terrorism were laid at the end of the eighteenth century by the Enlightenment philosopher Johann Gottlieb Fichte and his disciples, who in turn exerted a strong influence on later radical thinkers. In showing how the intellectual reverberations of the French Revolution gave rise to anarchist ideology as well as actual acts of terrorism in Germany, the article traces the link between the state terror of the French Revolution and the emergence of insurgent terrorism.
Site-specific decreases in DNA methylation in replicating cells following exposure to oxidative stress
Authors: Seddon Annika R , Das Andrew B , Hampton Mark B , Stevens Aaron J 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOxidative stress is a common feature of inflammation-driven cancers, and it promotes genomic instability and aggressive tumour phenotypes. It is known that oxidative stress transiently modulates gene expression through the oxidation of transcription factors and associated regulatory proteins. Neutrophils are our most abundant white blood cells and accumulate at sites of infection and inflammation. Activated neutrophils produce hypochlorous acid and chloramines, which can disrupt DNA methylation by oxidizing methionine. The goal of the current study was to determine whether chloramine exposure results in sequence-specific modifications in DNA methylation that enable long-term alterations in transcriptional output. Proliferating Jurkat T-lymphoma cells were exposed to sublethal doses of glycine chloramine and differential methylation patterns were compared using Illumina EPIC 850 K bead chip arrays. There was a substantial genome-wide decrease in methylation 4 h after exposure that correlated with altered RNA expression for 24 and 48 h, indicating sustained impacts on exposed cells. A large proportion of the most significant differentially methylated CpG sites were situated towards chromosomal ends, suggesting that these regions are most susceptible to inhibition of maintenance DNA methylation. This may contribute to epigenetic instability of chromosomal ends in rapidly dividing cells, with potential implications for the regulation of telomere length and cellular longevity.
Reducing Blood Loss in a Burn Care Unit: A Review of Its Key Determinants
Authors: Souto João , Rodrigues Acacio Goncalves 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPatients with a major burn injury differ considerably from the typical critical ill and trauma population. Very often, burn patients suffer from anemia throughout their hospital stay. This is caused both by combination of persistent blood loss with decreased erythropoiesis. Therefore, burn patients do have major transfusion requirements. However, transfusion is not devoid of risks or costs. We hereby review the best surgical techniques and medical approaches, aiming to reduce blood loss in a burn patient and optimize red cell production, so that we can reduce the need of RBC transfusion. The implementation of a combination of surgical techniques aiming to reduce blood loss and medical care approaches to prevent anemia, rather than single attitudes, should be adopted in burn care. There is an urgent need for clear guidelines that can easily be accepted, applied, and spread across different burn units to methodically implement measures to reduce blood loss and transfusion needs, and ultimately improve burn patients’ outcome and the health care financial status.