bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sickness presenteeism associated with influenza‐like illness in veterinarians working in New South Wales: Results of a state‐wide survey
Authors: Pasfield K , Gottlieb T , Tartari E , Ward MP , Quain A 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundSickness presenteeism in the veterinary profession potentially jeopardises the wellbeing of veterinary team members and endangers quality of patient care. In veterinary team members with influenza‐like illness (ILI), sickness presenteeism poses a risk to the health and wellbeing of colleagues and clients, particularly in the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic. This study aimed to evaluate factors associated with sickness presenteeism in NSW registered veterinarians suffering from ILI, both before and since the beginning of the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsVeterinarians registered in NSW were invited to complete an anonymous online mixed‐methods survey between 31 March 2021 and 31 June 2021, regarding sickness presenteeism and absenteeism associated with ILI. The questionnaire was distributed through online and print newsletters of the Australian Veterinary Association NSW Branch and the NSW Veterinary Practitioners Board.ResultsFrom a total of 122 participants, 81 veterinarians (66.4%) reported that they would attend work despite displaying symptoms of ILI. Most veterinarians would stay at home with a fever alone (n = 108, 88.5%), however, many would still attend work with a sore throat (n = 121, 99.2%) or a dry cough (n = 91, 74.6%). Sickness presenteeism was significantly associated with lack of staff to cover workers. Although sickness presenteeism remained common, participants reported that they were less likely to attend work with symptoms of ILI since the beginning of the COVID‐19 pandemic.DiscussionThe data are discussed in relation to sickness presenteeism in healthcare workers. These findings underscore an urgent need for relief staff to decrease sickness presenteeism.
Relations between prior school performance and later test anxiety during the transition to secondary school
Authors: Plante Isabelle , Lecours Véronique , Lapointe Raphaël , Chaffee Kathryn Everhart , Fréchette‐Simard Catherine 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundWhen exposed to evaluative situations, up to 40% of students develop test anxiety, reflected, namely, by extensive worry, intrusive thoughts, and physiological arousal. Though the negative influence of test anxiety on later school performance is well documented, the role of students’ initial achievement in the development of later test anxiety is less clear.Aims and SampleTo better capture the nature of the relations between prior mathematics and language arts achievement and later test anxiety across genders, this study examined linear and curvilinear relationships among 1,569 French‐speaking Canadian students followed across the transition to secondary school, a critical period for test anxiety.MethodsStudents completed a questionnaire at the beginning and the end of the first year of secondary school, and schools provided us with students grades at the end of 6th grade and the fall of 7th grade.ResultsMultilevel regression analyses showed that only mathematics achievement at the end of elementary school predicted test anxiety at the beginning of secondary school. In secondary school, beginning‐of‐year achievement in both mathematics and language arts predicted test anxiety at the end of this same year, but different patterns were observed for boys and girls.ConclusionsBecause nonlinear relations were observed at each timepoint, low achievers may not be the only group of students who are at greater risk of developing high levels of test anxiety. Therefore, interventions targeting students with different achievement profiles might help to reduce test anxiety and facilitate the transition to secondary school.
No aspect of structure should be left behind in relation to student autonomous motivation
Authors: Mouratidis Athanasios , Michou Aikaterini , Telli Sibel , Maulana Ridwan , Helms‐Lorenz Michelle 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundProvision of structure in classroom settings constitutes one of the pillars of conducive learning environments. However, little is known whether the particular elements of provided structure—namely, contingency, clear expectations, help and support, and monitoring—are equally important for student learning and motivation.AimsIn this cross‐sectional study, we aimed to investigate to what extent students’ autonomous motivation is linearly and curvilinearly related to their perceptions of their teachers’ contingency, clear expectations, help and support, and monitoring.SampleParticipants were 12,036 Turkish adolescent students (age range: 15–19 years; 54.4% males) from 446 classes, nested into 24 public schools.MethodsCross‐sectional, based on student ratings of their self‐determined motivation and their teacher structure provision and autonomy support.ResultsMultilevel and ordinary least‐squares polynomial regression analyses showed all the four perceived structure elements to predict autonomous motivation, with expectations and contingency (especially when coupled with monitoring) being even more important predictors than the other elements. Response surface analyses also showed strong positive relation between autonomous motivation and all the possible pairs of the four elements of perceived structure along the line of congruence, suggesting an additive effect when teachers are thought to be contingent and helpful and supportive (or monitor their students, or clearly communicate their expectations).ConclusionsThese findings imply the key role that teachers could play in enhancing their students’ autonomous motivation by providing all the elements of structure.
Long‐term effects of targeted prevention programmes for families with young children: A population‐based study on parenting stress and children's negative emotionality
Authors: Ulrich Susanne M. , Lux Ulrike , Liel Christoph , Walper Sabine 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundMany prevention programmes for families focus parental adversities and adverse childhood experiences. Effects of such programmes are often examined in clinical trials; there is less research on effects under naturalistic conditions. The aim of this study was to examine the longitudinal association between parenting stress and child's negative emotionality, its modification through targeted prevention programmes, and to investigate the effects in the general population.MethodsData were taken from a sample of n = 903 families with infants (mean age: 13.3 months) who participated in a baseline study (T1) and a follow‐up study (T2) 2 years later. The survey included parental self‐report measurements on parenting stress and child's negative emotionality (T1 and T2 each) and targeted prevention programmes (T1 only). An autoregressive cross‐lagged panel design was used to analyse the association of parenting stress and the child's negative emotionality, including use of targeted prevention programmes as moderator. We also tested if targeted prevention programmes can reduce parenting stress or child's negative emotionality using Propensity Score Matching (PSM).ResultsParenting stress at T1 affected children's negative emotionality at T2, but children's negative emotionality at T1 did not affect parenting stress at T2. When targeted prevention was included as moderator, the correlation disappeared among programme users. With PSM, there was no direct effect on parenting stress or child's negative emotionality. But a subsample of parents with high parenting stress at T1 who used targeted prevention at T1 reported less child's negative emotionality problems at T2 than parents who scored high in parenting stress but did not receive targeted prevention at T1.ConclusionResults suggest that the spillover from parenting stress to child's negative emotionality may be modified by prevention. Prevention programmes may help to build resources and have a direct positive effect on the child, especially for parents with high parenting stress.
Region‐specific disturbed iron redistribution in Cushing's disease measured by magnetic resonance imaging‐based quantitative susceptibility mapping
Authors: Jiang Hong , Li Zhenghao , Yang Wenjie , Sun Yuhao , Yan Fuhua , Sun Qingfang , Wei Hongjiang , Bian Liuguan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectivesCushing's disease (CD) is most common endogenous Cushing's syndrome. This study aimed to assess iron alternations in deep grey matter in CD.DesignA cross‐sectional study was performed.PatientsIn this study, 48 active CD patients, 39 remitted CD patients and 52 healthy control (HC) subjects underwent magnetic resonance imaging.MeasurementsQuantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM).ResultsDecreased susceptibility values were found in the bilateral putamen, caudate, red nucleus, subthalamic nucleus and pulvinar nuclei of the thalamus (TL‐PLV) in active and remitted patients with CD compared with HCs. Interestingly, in remitted patients with CD, altered susceptibility values were significantly correlated with altered brain volumes in TL‐PLV, while TL‐PLV may play an essential role as a general regulatory hub for adaptive and flexible cognition.ConclusionChronic exposure to hypercortisolism may be related to iron distribution and significantly correlated with altered brain volumes and clinical features in patients with CD.
17β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 3 deficiency in 46,XY disorders of sex development: Our experience and a gender role‐focused systematic review
Authors: Krishnappa Brijesh , Arya Sneha , Lila Anurag R. , Sarathi Vijaya , Memon Saba S. , Barnabas Rohit , Kumbhar Bajarang V. , Bhandare Vishwambhar V. , Patil Virendra , Shah Nalini S. , Kunwar Ambarish , Bandgar Tushar 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo describe Asian Indian patients with 17β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 3 (17βHSD3) deficiency and to perform a systematic review to determine the factors influencing gender role in 46,XY disorder of sex development (DSD) due to 17βHSD3 deficiency.Patients and DesignWe present the phenotypic and genotypic data of 10 patients (9 probands and 1 affected family member) with 17βHSD3 deficiency from our 46,XY DSD cohort (N = 150; Western India) and a systematic review of 152 probands with genetically proven, index 17βHSD3 deficiency patients from the world literature to identify the determinants of gender role.Results17βHSD3 deficiency was the third most common (6%) cause of non‐dysgenetic 46,XY DSD in our cohort. Five patients each had prepubertal (atypical genitalia) and pubertal (primary amenorrhoea) presentations. Six patients were initially reared as female of whom two (one each in prepubertal and pubertal age) changed their gender role. Ten pathogenic molecular variants (six novel) were observed. In the systematic review, initial male sex of rearing was uncommon (10.5%) and was associated with atypical genitalia, higher testosterone/androstenedione (T/A) ratio and Asian origin. Gender role change to male was seen in 10.3% of patients with initial female sex of rearing and was associated with Asian origin but unrelated to pubertal androgens or molecular variant severity. It has not been reported in patients of European origin.ConclusionsWe report the first Indian case series of 17βHSD3 deficiency, the third most common cause of 46,XY DSD, with six novel molecular variants. Distinct geographical differences in the frequency of initial male sex of rearing and gender role change to male in those initially reared as females in 17βHSD3 deficiency were noted which needs further evaluation for the underlying molecular mechanisms.
Desire to lose weight was associated with the adoption of weight control strategies but not healthier lifestyle behaviours among post‐bariatric surgery patients: NHANES 2013–2018
Authors: Yu Yang , Ma Qianheng , Groth Susan W. 
Published: February 2022

SummaryThe desire to lose weight is presumably high among patients with severe obesity who have undergone bariatric surgery. The purpose of this study is to examine the associations of desire to lose weight with weight control strategies, depressive symptoms and lifestyle behaviours among post‐bariatric surgery patients. Participants were adults who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013–2018) and self‐identified a history of bariatric surgery. The desire to lose weight, weight control strategies, depressive symptoms, physical activity and sitting time were measured by self‐report questionnaires. Dietary information was derived from 24‐h dietary recalls. The correlates of the desire to lose weight were examined by logistic or linear regressions with appropriate weighting and variance estimation techniques, adjusting for covariates such as length of time post‐surgery. Results showed that at a mean of 7.8 (standard deviation [SD] = 0.5) years post‐surgery (N = 142), 88.6% of participants wanted to weigh less. The average total energy intake was 1747 (SD = 72) kcal/day with 36.2% (SD = 0.7%) of the energy from total fat; the median total moderate‐intensity physical activity was 88.5 min/week; and the mean sitting time was 796.0 (SD = 47.0) min/day. The desire to lose weight was positively associated with the adoption of healthy weight control strategies (odds ratio 17.4, 95% confidence interval 3.5–87.0, p < .01). No other significant associations were observed. Findings highlight the need for studies to improve patients' lifestyle behaviours post‐surgery (e.g., reduce fat intake, increase physical activity) and examine the correlates of desire to lose weight in larger samples.
Contact sensitization to iron: A potentially underestimated metal allergen and elicitor of complications in patients with metal implants
Authors: Oppel Eva , Kapp Florian , Böhm Ann‐Sophie , Pohl Ralf , Thomas Peter , Summer Burkhard 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about sensitization to iron (Fe) in private, occupational, and medical settings, particulary implantology.ObjectivesTo investigate sensitization to metals, particularly to Fe, both in pre‐implant individuals with presumed metal allergy and in patients with suspected metal implant allergy. To further characterize Fe‐sensitized individuals.MethodsAnalysis of patch test reactions to an Fe (II) sulfate–containing metal series in 183 consecutive patients (41 pre‐implant, 142 metal implant bearers). Test readings were on day (D)2, D3, and D6. Evaluation of questionnaire‐aided history of metal reactivity patterns and demographics of Fe reactors.ResultsMetal reactivity in pre‐implant/implant/total group was: to nickel 39%/30%/32%; to cobalt 17%/15%/15%; and to chromium 7%/13%/11%. Co‐sensitizations cobalt/nickel (19/58) and cobalt/chromium (11/21) were significant atP < .001; co‐sensitizations Fe/nickel (4/10) and chromium/knee arthroplasty (11/73) atP = .03. Ten of 183 (5.5%) reacted to Fe (2 of 41 pre‐implant patients, 8 of 142 implant bearers), with 10 reacting only on D6. Fe reactivity was highest in complicated knee arthroplasty (7/73). Further peculiarities of Fe reactors included frequent isolated Fe reactivity (6/10), occupational metal exposure (7/10), previous (par)enteral Fe substitution (6/10).ConclusionsThe 5.5% prevalence of Fe reactions suggests a potentially underestimated role of this metal allergen in general and in implant bearers. The latter also shows a distinct metal sensitization pattern.
A million is more than a thousand: Children's acquisition of very large number words
Authors: Cheung Pierina , Ansari Daniel 
Published: February 2022

AbstractVery large numbers words such as “hundred,” “thousand,” “million,” “billion,” and “trillion” pose a learning problem for children because they are sparse in everyday speech and children's experience with extremely large quantities is scarce. In this study, we examine when children acquire the relative ordering of very large number words as a first step toward understanding their acquisition. In Study 1, a hundred and twenty‐five 5–8‐year‐olds participated in a verbal number comparison task involving very large number words. We found that children can judge which of two very large numbers is more as early as age 6, prior to entering first grade. In Study 2, we provided a descriptive analysis on the usage of very large number words using the CHILDES database. We found that the relative frequency of large number words does not change across the years, with “hundred” uttered more frequently than others by an order of magnitude. We also found that adults were more likely to use large number words to reference units of quantification for money, weight, and time, than for discrete, physical entities. Together, these results show that children construct a numerical scale for large number words prior to learning their precise cardinal meanings, and highlight how frequency and context may support their acquisition. Our results have pedagogical implications and highlight a need to investigate how children acquire meanings for number words that reference quantities beyond our everyday experience.
Toward a generic framework of perceived negative manager/leader behavior: A comparative study across nations and private sector industries
Authors: Patel Taran , Hamlin Robert G. , Louis Dima 
Published: February 2022

AbstractReviewing three relevant streams of extant literature reveals a marked absence of a generic framework composed of a full range of negative manager/leader behaviors (from moderate to extreme) across sectors and countries, a void particularly detrimental to the effectiveness of management and leadership development (MLD) programs. To address this concern, we conduct a multiple cross‐case/cross‐nation comparative analysis (MCCA) of data collected from our own 13 previous empirical replication studies (using the critical incident technique) of effective/ineffective managerial/leader behavior across nine culturally diverse countries and varied private sector industries, resulting in a comprehensive framework of perceived negative manager/leader behavior. Our generic framework is composed of five behavioral dimensions: inadequate functional behavior, unethical behavior, impersonal domineering behavior, depriving behavior, and closed/negative‐minded behavior, and lends support to the universal school of culture in business literature by showing that neither national culture nor sectorial specificities influence people's perceptions of negative manager/leader behavior. It also stresses the importance of the mundane (as opposed to the glorious) in managerial/leadership work by revealing that employees' perceptions of negative manager/leader behavior include not only conspicuously “bad” behaviors but also less conspicuous “poor” behaviors.
Potential role of regulatory DNA variants in modifying the risk of severe cutaneous reactions induced by aromatic anti‐seizure medications
Authors: Mullan Kerry A. , Anderson Alison , Shi Yi‐Wu , Ding Jia‐Hong , Ng Ching‐Ching , Chen Zhibin , Baum Larry , Cherny Stacey , Petrovski Slave , Sham Pak C. , Lim Kheng‐Seang , Liao Wei‐Ping , Kwan Patrick 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveStevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions. Antiseizure medications (ASMs) with aromatic ring structure, including carbamazepine, are among the most common culprits. Screening for human leukocyte antigen (HLA) allele HLA‐B*15:02 is recommended prior to initiating treatment with carbamazepine in Asians, but this allele has low positive predictive value.MethodsWe performed whole genome sequencing and analyzed 6 199 696 common variants among 113 aromatic ASM‐induced SJS/TEN cases and 84 tolerant controls of Han Chinese ethnicity.ResultsIn the primary analysis, nine variants reached genome‐wide significance (p < 5e‐08), one in the carbamazepine subanalysis (85 cases vs. 77 controls) and a further eight identified in HLA‐B*15:02‐negative subanalysis (35 cases and 53 controls). Interaction analysis between each novel variant from the primary analysis found that five increased risk irrespective of HLA‐B*15:02 status or zygosity. HLA‐B*15:02‐positive individuals were found to have reduced risk if they also carried a chromosome 12 variant, chr12.9426934 (heterozygotes: relative risk = .71, p = .001; homozygotes: relative risk = .23, p < .001). All significant variants lie within intronic or intergenic regions with poorly understood functional consequence. In silico functional analysis of suggestive variants (p < 5e‐6) identified through the primary and subanalyses (stratified by HLA‐B*15:02 status and drug exposure) suggests that genetic variation within regulatory DNA may contribute to risk indirectly by disrupting the regulation of pathology‐related genes. The genes implicated were specific either to the primary analysis (CD9), HLA‐B*15:02 carriers (DOCK10), noncarriers (ABCA1), carbamazepine exposure (HLA‐E), or phenytoin exposure (CD24).SignificanceWe identified variants that could explain why some carriers of HLA‐B*15:02 tolerate treatment, and why some noncarriers develop ASM‐induced SJS/TEN. Additionally, this analysis suggests that the mixing of HLA‐B*15:02 carrier status in previous studies might have masked variants contributing to susceptibility, and that inheritance of risk for ASM‐induced SJS/TEN is complex, likely involving multiple risk variants.
A critical analysis of research methods and experimental models to study irrigants and irrigation systems
Authors: Boutsioukis Christos , Arias‐Moliz Maria Teresa , Chávez de Paz Luis E. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIrrigation plays an essential role in root canal treatment. The purpose of this narrative review was to critically appraise the experimental methods and models used to study irrigants and irrigation systems and to provide directions for future research. Studies on the antimicrobial effect of irrigants should use mature multispecies biofilms grown on dentine or inside root canals and should combine at least two complementary evaluation methods. Dissolution of pulp tissue remnants should be examined in the presence of dentine and, preferably, inside human root canals. Micro‐computed tomography is currently the method of choice for the assessment of accumulated dentine debris and their removal. A combination of experiments in transparent root canals and numerical modeling is needed to address irrigant penetration. Finally, models to evaluate irrigant extrusion through the apical foramen should simulate the periapical tissues and provide quantitative data on the amount of extruded irrigant. Mimicking the in vivo conditions as close as possible and standardization of the specimens and experimental protocols are universal requirements irrespective of the surrogate endpoint studied. Obsolete and unrealistic models must be abandoned in favour of more appropriate and valid ones that have more direct application and translation to clinical Endodontics.