bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systemic review and a meta‐analysis on the influences of closed incisions in orthopaedic trauma surgery by negative pressure wound treatment compared with conventional dressings
Authors: Zhang Dahua , He Liang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe performed a meta‐analysis to evaluate the influences of closed incisions in orthopaedic trauma surgery (OTS) by negative pressure wound treatment (NPWT) compared with conventional dressings. A systematic literature search up to March 2022 was done and 14 studies included 3935 subjects with OTS at the start of the study; 2023 of them used NPWT and 1912 were conventional dressings. They were reporting relationships between the influences of closed incisions in OTS by NPWT compared with conventional dressings. We calculated the odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to assess the influences of closed incisions in OTS by NPWT compared with conventional dressings using the dichotomous methods with a random or fixed‐effect model. NPWT had significantly lower deep surgical site infections (SSIs) (OR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.48‐0.87, P = .004), superficial SSIs (OR, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.19‐0.61, P < .001), and wound dehiscence (OR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.21‐0.80, P = .009) compared with conventional dressings in subjects with closed incisions in OTS. NPWT showed a beneficial effect on deep SSIs, superficial SSIs, and wound dehiscence compared with conventional dressings in subjects with closed incisions in OTS. Further studies are required to validate these findings.
Diversity and Moral Address
Authors: Brandenburg Daphne 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTThis article evaluates communicative approaches to responsibility within the Strawsonian tradition. These approaches consider reactive attitudes to be forms of moral address and consider responsiveness to moral address a condition on responsible agency. The article consists of a critical and a positive part. In the first part, I identify a risk for these theories. They often provide an overly narrow account of how we can communicate with others about perceived moral disregard. I argue that, when read this way, a conversational approach has implausible implications and falls prey to a familiar objection to Strawsonian theory: it would incorporate social injustices inherent to our responsibility practices. In particular, it would affirm ableist attitudes towards autistic individuals, by exempting them as moral agents on the basis of irrelevant criteria. In the second part, I propose an inclusive reading of the communicative approach. This inclusive account steers clear of ableism towards autistic individuals and accommodates diversity. Although it is also derived from our practices and psychologies, it does not incorporate the biases and injustices that are part of those practices, and instead it provides us with a means to criticize them.
Spatial phylogenetic patterns in the North American moss flora are shaped by history and climate
Authors: Carter Benjamin E. , Misiewicz Tracy M. , Mishler Brent D. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimWe documented patterns of phylogenetic diversity (PD) and phylogenetic endemism (PE) in the moss flora of North America, determined how environmental variables explain these patterns, compared the patterns in mosses to known patterns in angiosperms and explored how patterns driven by sub‐clades might conflict with patterns driven by other sub‐clades.LocationNorth America north of Mexico.TaxonMosses (Bryophyta).MethodsA maximum‐likelihood tree inferred from publicly available sequence data and locality data from ca. 7.5 × 105 herbarium specimens were combined to build a dataset of 935 species (representing ca. 67% of the known moss flora). Spatial randomization procedures were used to find significance levels of PD and relative phylogenetic diversity (RPD) for the full dataset and three major sub‐clades, as well as to carry out a categorical analysis of Neo‐ and Paleo‐endemism (CANAPE). Range weighted turnover in both species and PE was used to identify phytogeographic regions across the continent. Ordinations of environmental data were used to determine the distribution of PD, RPD, and phytogeographic regions within environmental space. Results of this study were compared to known patterns of phylodiversity in angiosperms.ResultsPhylodiversity is distributed non‐randomly. Some patterns, for example, long branches in the southeastern US, are consistent with angiosperms; however, there are strong contrasts as well. Overall patterns of PD and RPD are strongly influenced by different phylogenetic scales within mosses, indicating that signal from one clade can obscure patterns in others. Three primary phytogeographic zones are defined by both differing geological histories and differing current abiotic conditions. Phytogeographic regions, PD, and RPD are all aligned with environmental variables.Main conclusionsThere is evidence for both ecological and historical factors in shaping the moss flora of North America, and biogeographic differences between angiosperms and mosses appear to align with important life‐history differences between the two groups.
Effect of teacher autonomy support on the online self‐regulated learning of students during COVID‐19 in China: The chain mediating effect of parental autonomy support and students’ self‐efficacy
Authors: Bai Xuemei , Gu Xiaoqing 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundSelf‐regulated learning (SRL) ability is the key determinant of the success of full‐time online learning. Thus, exploring the influencing factors of SRL and their influencing mechanisms is necessary to improve this ability among K‐12 students.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to investigate the influence mechanism of teacher autonomy support on students' online SRL by examining the structural relationship among teacher autonomy support, parental autonomy support, students' self‐efficacy, and students' online SRL.MethodsWe use structural equation modelling and effect analysis to analyse the collected data from 961 Chinese K‐12 students who engaged in full‐time online learning in their homes during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) outbreak.Results and ConclusionsParental autonomy support and students' self‐efficacy play crucial independent mediating roles in the influence of teacher autonomy support on students' online SRL. Parental autonomy support and students' self‐efficacy have a chain mediating effect on the influence of teacher autonomy support on students' online SRL.ImplicationsOn the basis of the results, we suggest that in order to develop students' online SRL ability, it is important for teacher to improve parental autonomy support and students' self‐efficacy. In addition, base on the chain mediating effect, to improve students' online SRL, teacher autonomy support needs focus on parental autonomy support, and then parental autonomy support needs focus on improving students' self‐efficacy.
Dermoscopy of cutaneous adnexal tumours: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Lai M. , Muscianese M. , Piana S. , Chester J. , Borsari S. , Paolino G. , Pellacani G. , Longo C. , Pampena R. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCutaneous adnexal tumours (ATs) encompass a variegated group of hamartomas and benign or malignant tumours, originating from the hair follicle, sebaceous, eccrine or apocrine glands that may simulate other cutaneous neoplasms. This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the spectrum of clinical and dermoscopic features of ATs, to better define these lesions and assist in the differential diagnosis. We performed a two‐step systematic search of the literature in PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library databases from inception until 4 September 2020. In the first step, we aimed to define histological variants of ATs with descriptions of dermoscopic criteria. The second step included a search for the name of each previously identified AT variants in the same databases adding ‘AND (epilum* or dermosc* or dermatosc*)’. All study types in English language reporting dermoscopic images of ATs were included. Collisions between ATs and other inflammatory or neoplastic skin lesions were excluded, with the exception of collisions with a sebaceous nevus. The protocol of this study was prospectively registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021244677). In total, 206 articles met our inclusion criteria, encompassing 372 ATs in 365 patients. Most ATs were apocrine‐eccrine (n = 217, 58.3%, n = 173 benign) with a prevalence of poromas (n = 82), followed by follicular ATs (n = 88, 23.7%, n = 83 benign) and sebaceous ATs (n = 67, 18.0%, n = 49 benign). Most patients had a single AT lesion (320, 86.0%), while 42 (11.3%) had multiple ATs. A syndrome causing multiple ATs was identified in 15 patients. Histopathological analysis revealed 82% benign (n = 305) and 18.0% malignant (n = 67). ATs were classified according to their ability to mimic four groups of more common skin tumours: basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, melanocytic lesions and benign cutaneous lesions. Moreover, we have highlighted the ability of malignant variants of ATs to simulate benign skin lesions. This systematic review offers a comprehensive overview of the common clinical and dermoscopic features of follicular, sebaceous and apocrine‐eccrine ATs and details possible differential dermoscopic features.
Beyond monoamines: I. Novel targets and radiotracers for Positron emission tomography imaging in psychiatric disorders
Authors: Lopresti Brian J. , Royse Sarah K. , Mathis Chester A. , Tollefson Savannah A. , Narendran Rajesh 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWith the emergence of positron emission tomography (PET) in the late 1970s, psychiatry had access to a tool capable of non‐invasive assessment of human brain function. Early applications in psychiatry focused on identifying characteristic brain blood flow and metabolic derangements using radiotracers such as [15O]H2O and [18F]FDG. Despite the success of these techniques, it became apparent that more specific probes were needed to understand the neurochemical bases of psychiatric disorders. The first neurochemical PET imaging probes targeted sites of action of neuroleptic (dopamine D2 receptors) and psychoactive (serotonin receptors) drugs. Based on the centrality of monoamine dysfunction in psychiatric disorders and the measured success of monoamine‐enhancing drugs in treating them, the next 30 years witnessed the development of an armamentarium of PET radiopharmaceuticals and imaging methodologies for studying monoamines. Continued development of monoamine‐enhancing drugs over this time however was less successful, realizing only modest gains in efficacy and tolerability. As patent protection for many widely prescribed and profitable psychiatric drugs lapsed, drug development pipelines shifted away from monoamines in search of novel targets with the promises of improved efficacy, or abandoned altogether. Over this period, PET radiopharmaceutical development activities closely paralleled drug development priorities resulting in the development of new PET imaging agents for non‐monoamine targets. Part one of this review will briefly survey novel PET imaging targets with relevance to the field of psychiatry, which include the metabotropic glutamate receptor type 5 (mGluR5), purinergic P2X7 receptor, type 1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1), phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A), and describe radiotracers developed for these and other targets that have matured to human subject investigations. Current limitations of the targets and techniques will also be discussed.image
Selective activation and down‐regulation of Trk receptors by neurotrophins in human neurons co‐expressing TrkB and TrkC
Authors: Ateaque Sarah , Merkouris Spyros , Wyatt Sean , Allen Nicholas D. , Xie Jia , DiStefano Peter S. , Lindsay Ronald M. , Barde Yves‐Alain 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn the central nervous system, most neurons co‐express TrkB and TrkC, the tyrosine kinase receptors for brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin‐3 (NT3). As NT3 can also activate TrkB, it has been difficult to understand how NT3 and TrkC can exert unique roles in the assembly of neuronal circuits. Using neurons differentiated from human embryonic stem cells expressing both TrkB and TrkC, we compared Trk activation by BDNF and NT3. To avoid the complications resulting from TrkB activation by NT3, we also generated neurons from stem cells engineered to lack TrkB. We found that NT3 activates TrkC at concentrations lower than those of BDNF needed to activate TrkB. Downstream of Trk activation, the changes in gene expression caused by TrkC activation were found to be similar to those resulting from TrkB activation by BDNF, including a number of genes involved in synaptic plasticity. At high NT3 concentrations, receptor selectivity was lost as a result of TrkB activation. In addition, TrkC was down‐regulated, as was also the case with TrkB at high BDNF concentrations. By contrast, receptor selectivity as well as reactivation were preserved when neurons were exposed to low neurotrophin concentrations. These results indicate that the selectivity of NT3/TrkC signalling can be explained by the ability of NT3 to activate TrkC at concentrations lower than those needed to activate TrkB. They also suggest that in a therapeutic perspective, the dosage of Trk receptor agonists will need to be taken into account if prolonged receptor activation is to be achieved.image
MicroRNAs in oligodendrocyte development and remyelination
Authors: Ngo Clarissa , Kothary Rashmi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOligodendrocytes are the glial cells responsible for the formation of myelin around axons of the central nervous system (CNS). Myelin is an insulating layer that allows electrical impulses to transmit quickly and efficiently along neurons. If myelin is damaged, as in chronic demyelinating disorders such as multiple sclerosis (MS), these impulses slow down. Remyelination by oligodendrocytes is often ineffective in MS, in part because of the failure of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) to differentiate into mature, myelinating oligodendrocytes. The process of oligodendrocyte differentiation is tightly controlled by several regulatory networks involving transcription factors, intracellular signaling pathways, and extrinsic cues. Understanding the factors that regulate oligodendrocyte development is essential for the discovery of new therapeutic strategies capable of enhancing remyelination. Over the past decade, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as key regulators of oligodendrocyte development, exerting effects on cell specification, proliferation, differentiation, and myelination. This article will review the role of miRNAs on oligodendrocyte biology and discuss their potential as promising therapeutic tools for remyelination.image
Longitudinal study of changes observed in quality of life, psychological state cognition and pulmonary and functional capacity after COVID‐19 infection: A six‐ to seven‐month prospective cohort
Authors: del Corral Tamara , Menor‐Rodríguez Noemí , Fernández‐Vega Sara , Díaz‐Ramos Celia , Aguilar‐Zafra Sandra , López‐de‐Uralde‐Villanueva Ibai 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimsTo investigate the health‐related quality of life (HRQoL), symptoms, psychological and cognitive state and pulmonary and physical function of nonhospitalised COVID‐19 patients at long‐term, and to identify factors to predict a poor HRQoL in this follow‐up.BackgroundStudies have focused on persistent symptoms of hospitalised COVID‐19 patients in the medium term. Thus, long‐term studies of nonhospitalised patients are urgently required.DesignA longitudinal cohort study.MethodsIn 102 nonhospitalised COVID‐19 patients, we collected symptoms at 3 months (baseline) and at 6–7 months (follow‐up) from diagnosis (dyspnoea, fatigue/muscle weakness and chest/joint pain), HRQoL, psychological state, cognitive function, pulmonary and physical function. This study adhered to the STROBE statement.ResultsHRQoL was impaired in almost 60% of the sample and remained impaired 6–7 months. At 3 months, more than 60% had impaired physical function (fatigue/muscle weakness and reduced leg and inspiratory muscle strength). About 40%–56% of the sample showed an altered psychological state (post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety/depression), cognitive function impairment and dyspnoea. At 6–7‐months, only a slight improvement in dyspnoea and physical and cognitive function was observed, with a very high proportion of the sample (29%–55%) remained impaired. Impaired HRQoL at 6–7 months was predicted with 82.4% accuracy (86.7% sensitivity and 83.3% specificity) by the presence at 3 months of muscle fatigue/muscle weakness (OR = 5.7 (1.8–18.1)), PTSD (OR = 6.0 (1.7–20.7)) and impaired HRQoL (OR = 11.7 (3.7–36.8)).ConclusionA high proportion of nonhospitalised patients with COVID‐19 experience an impaired HRQoL, cognitive and psychological function at long‐term. HRQoL, PTSD and dyspnoea at 3 months can identify the majority of patients with COVID‐19 who will have impaired quality of life at long‐term.Relevance to clinical practiceTreatments aimed at improving psychological state and reducing the fatigue/muscle weakness of post‐COVID‐19 patients could be necessary to prevent the patients’ HRQoL from being impaired at 6–7 months after their reported recovery.
Effect of riboflavin on intestinal development and intestinal epithelial cell function of weaned piglets
Authors: Qin Yan , Zhou Jing , Xiong Xia , Huang Jing , Li Jianzhong , Wang Qiye , Yang Huansheng , Yin Yulong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRiboflavin is a water‐soluble vitamin involved in the metabolism of protein, fats and carbohydrates as a coenzyme. Pigs, mainly weaned piglets, are prone to riboflavin deficiency. Therefore, this study devoted to explore the effects of riboflavin on intestinal development and function of weaned piglets. A total of 21 piglets, weaned at day 21 of age, were randomly divided into three treatments. The experiment lasted 28 days. The three treatment groups were administered with 0 mg/kg (L_VB2), 3.5 mg/kg (M_VB2) and 17.5 (H_VB2) mg/kg riboflavin by addition into the dry matter basal diets of each group. During the 28‐day trial, the feed conversion ratio of the M_VB2 group was lowest (p < 0.05). Duodenum villus height (VH) and the ratio of VH to crypt depth (VH:CD) in L_VB2 group was significantly lower compared with that in M_VB2 group and H_VB2 group (p < 0.05). In the L_VB2 group the number of Ki67 cells in the crypts of the duodenum was increased significantly (p < 0.05). Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis using transcriptomic data showed that pathways related to apoptosis were significantly enriched in the L_VB2 group (p < 0.01). In addition, pathways related to inflammatory factors were significantly enriched in the H_VB2 group. The total antioxidant capacity (p < 0.05) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐PX) activity (p < 0.05) of the L_VB2 group were lowest. In summary, riboflavin levels may regulate the intestinal morphology of piglet duodenum by affecting the renewal and differentiation of intestinal epithelial cells.
Daily and average associations of physical activity, social media use, and sleep among adolescent girls during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Hamilton Jessica L. , Hutchinson Emily , Evankovich Maria R. , Ladouceur Cecile D. , Silk Jennifer S. 
Published: May 2022

SummaryAdolescents’ daily lives have been disrupted during the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. It remains unclear how changes in adolescents’ daily physical and social behaviours affect their sleep. The present study examined the daily and average effects of physical activity and social media use (i.e., video chatting, texting, and social networking sites) on adolescent girls’ sleep during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Adolescent girls aged 12–17 years (N = 93; 69% White) from a larger longitudinal study completed a 10‐day daily diary protocol during state‐mandated stay‐at‐home orders. Girls reported on daily sleep (duration, timing, quality), physical activity, and social media use during COVID‐19. Multilevel modelling was used to examine the within‐ and between‐person effects of physical activity and social media on sleep duration, timing, and quality during the 10‐day period. Between‐person associations indicate that youth with greater social media use (texting, video chatting, and social networking) and less physical activity had later sleep timing across the 10‐day study period. Only video chatting was associated with shorter sleep duration. There were no within‐person effects of physical activity or social media activities on sleep outcomes. Findings indicate that physical activity and social media use may impact later adolescent sleep timing during the COVID‐19 pandemic. It will be critical for research to examine the potential long‐term costs of delayed sleep timing, and whether targeting specific youth behaviours associated with sleep and circadian disruption improve mental and physical health during the COVID‐19 pandemic and beyond.
A StAR‐like gene involved in carotenoid metabolism and inner shell color in the freshwater pearl mussel, Hyriopsis cumingii
Authors: Zhang Jinpan , Guo Baiying , Zhang Mengying , Li Jiale , Bai Zhiyi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCarotenoids play key roles in organism coloration and have been found to have an effect on shell color. Steroidogenic acute regulatory protein‐like (StAR‐like) is a key gene involved in the accumulation of carotenoids. In this study, the full‐length cDNA sequence of HcStAR‐like, containing 994 nucleotides with an open reading frame encoding 307 amino acid residues, was isolated from the freshwater pearl mussel, Hyriopsis cumingii. HcStAR‐like expression levels were significantly higher in all tissues examined in golden (G‐) mussels compared with white (W‐) and purple (P‐) mussels (p < .05). Moreover, although HcStAR‐like expression levels were higher in P‐mussels than W‐mussels, this difference was only significant in the hepatopancreas (p < .05). Our in situ hybridization assay indicated that StAR‐like was localized to the outer fold of the mantle and the joint of the outer and middle folds of the mantle. The dsRNA interference of HcStAR‐like expression in G‐mussels was effective with an interference rate of 79.89% (p < .05). The total carotenoid content (TCC) in the mantle of the RNAi group decreased by 48.63% (p < .05). Our findings suggested that HcStAR‐like was involved in the accumulation of carotenoids and inner shell pigmentation in H. cumingii.
An Experimental Study to Strengthen Students’ Comprehension of Informational Texts: Is Teaching for Transfer Important?
Authors: Patton Samuel Allen , Fuchs Douglas , Hendricks Emma L. , Pennell Annie J. , Walsh Meagan E. , Fuchs Lynn S. , Tracy Wen Zhang , Haga Loulee Yen 
Published: May 2022

AbstractReading nonfiction texts with understanding is important to school success, yet many students struggle to do so. This randomized controlled trial extends previous research by contrasting an earlier iteration of a comprehension tutoring program (Comp) against a variant with strategies for transferring learning (Comp+Transfer). Participants were 189 fourth and fifth graders with weak reading comprehension. To evaluate their efficacy, we used commercially developed far‐transfer measures and experimenter‐made near‐ and mid‐transfer measures of reading comprehension. In contrast to controls, students in both programs significantly improved their understanding of near‐transfer passages. Additionally, students in Comp+Transfer improved performance on mid‐transfer passages. These findings suggest the value of teaching for transfer and the importance of measuring program efficacy with researcher‐made tests alongside commercial tests.