bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PELATIHAN MEMUKUL DENGAN BEBAN MENINGKATKAN KECEPATAN PUKULAN LURUS KIRI-KANAN DARI PADA PELATIHAN MENDORONG KATROL DENGAN BEBAN
Authors: Loda Imakulata Magi 
Published: May 2022

Background: Straight punch or jab punch is one punch in boxing. Jab is a blow provocation done by hand in the front position to distract the opponent. Not infrequently blow jab could be ejected violently. Speed jab is in need to knock out the opponent. Therefore we need the right training. Objective: Training hit by the load and drive pulley with weights aims to increase the speed of the jab and stright punch blow. Method: Experimental research has been done with the design Randomized Pre-Post Test Control Group Design on Student SKO Flobamora Kupang. Total sample of 18 people, divided into two groups and each group of nine people.Group 1 was given training with weights and hit the second group training encourages pulley with weights. Research for six weeks with a frequency of exercise three times a week. speed ismeasured with a stopwatch, before and after treatment, and the differences were statistically tested. Result: T independent test shows the speed among the groups before the training did notdiffer 24.44 plus minus 0.882 /5 seconds. After training the average speed punch 24.44 plus minus 0.882 blow before training 21,00 plus minus 1,118 blows / 5 seconds and average power punches 33.11 plus minus 1.900 blows / 5 seconds. In Group 2 average speed of 33.56 plus minus 1.590 kg. Average speed punch after training were 29.11 plus minus 1,364 blows / 5 seconds. Results of paired t-test showed the average speed of a punch in Group 1 before training 21.33 plus minus 1,118 (p bigger than 0.05) and after training was significantly different (p smaller than 0.05) test shows Training hit with loads more increase the speed of the push pulley with weights. Conclusion: Training concluded hit with a load greatly increase the speed of the left and right straight punches instead of pushing a pulley with weights together to give the effect of increased power and speed and a left straight punch right (p smaller than 0.05). An increase in one group is better than the training push pulley with weights on the speed of the left and right straight punches. Suggestion: It is advisable to use hitting training with weights in the training process in the recruitment of athletes because it gives a better effect.
Review of Writing-Related Theories
Authors: Beiki Maryam 
Published: May 2022

Writing has a special position in language teaching meanwhile its accomplishment includes preparation and awareness of other three language skills. It seems crucial students set an objective for their writing, plan it sensibly, consider its design and rational arrangement. This paper reviews writing-related theories applicable in academic context. To this end some related sources have been reviewed. The findings highlighted that writing skills need mastering of other aspects, such as cognitive, metacognitive and collaborative skills. Besides, teachers’ awareness of different writing theories merits further attention in educational context. Consequently, the results of the current study are useful for language practitioners, university students and educational administrators.
Efecto de la adición de metil -β-ciclodextrina en medios de congelación espermática para bovinos de leche
Authors: Patarón Andino Silvia , Duchi Duchi Nelson , Andino Nájera Pablo 
Published: May 2022

Se investigó el efecto de la adición de metil -β-ciclodextrina cargada de colesterol en medios de congelación con el objetivo de evaluar la calidad espermática post descongelación. Previo a la evaluación se realizó la pre dilución 1:1 dividiéndola en 3 alícuotas, para la inclusión de CLC (T0:0 mg, T1:1,5 mg, T2:3,0 mg) las cuales fueron incubadas a 37ºC por 15 minutos, pasado este tiempo se realizó la dilución final empajillándolas inmediatamente en pajuelas de 0,5 ml, llevándolas al congelador automático, descendiendo la temperatura progresivamente hasta los -196ºC y almacenándolas en el tanque de nitrógeno líquido, las pajuelas fueron descongeladas cada 7 días para su respectiva valoración. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó un Diseño Completamente al Azar, obteniendo diferencias significativas P(<0,01) para la viabilidad, motilidad, vitalidad e integridad de la membrana con medias de 56,00%; 63,50%; 75,36%; 60,08% respectivamente pertenecientes al T1, en cuanto, a las morfoanomalias no se encontraron diferencias estadísticas sin embargo el T2 presentó mayor porcentaje con una media de 5,40%; siendo el mejor nivel de utilización el T1, recomendando la adición de 1,5 mg CLC en medios de crioconservación ya que de acuerdo a los resultados obtenidos se espera obtener mejores parámetros reproductivos.
Kejadian Kasus Kebakaran di Rumah Sakit di Indonesia Tahun 2020 Sumber Melalui Media Online
Authors: Umar Ahmad Farid 
Published: May 2022

Rumah sakit merupakan salah satu tempat yang memiliki risiko kebakaran. Diperkirakan di Amerika Serikat setiap tahunnya dari tahun 2012 sampai dengan 2014 terjadi 5700 kasus kebakaran di fasilitas kesehatan dan 1100 kasus diantaranya terjadi di rumah sakit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kejadian kebakaran di beberapa Rumah Sakit di Indonesia yang datanya diperoleh dari media online.
Jenis penelitian ini adalah studi kasus menggunakan metode kualitatif. Data yang digunakan dalam pencarian kasus kebakaran di rumah sakit adalah data yang terpublikasi media online berbahasa Indonesia, yang terbit sejak 1 Januari 2020 sampai dengan 31 Desember 2020. Variabel yang dikaji adalah waktu, kota tempat terjadinya dan bagian yang terkena dampak dari peristiwa kebakaran di rumah sakit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kasus kebakaran RS terjadi pada 7 (tujuh) kota/ kabupaten di Indonesia. Kota tempat terjadinya kebakaran masing-masing dua kali terjadi di Jakarta, dua kali terjadi di Surabaya dan masing-,masing satu kali terjadi Semarang, Yogya dan Kabupaten Bekasi. Kejadian kebakaran di RS terjadi antara bulan Juli sampai dengan bulan Oktober, yang merupakan musim kemarau di Indonesia. Jam kejadian kebakaran terbanyak di atas pukul 14.00 (tiga kali), sekitar pukul 17.00 sebanyak dua kali, pukul 11.00 sekali dan pukul 5.00 pagi sekali. Bagian yang terbakar lantai dasar, AC ruang laboratorium, gedung Farmasi, radiologi, Gudang, ruang perawatan dewasa, dan panel listrik dan genset. Ke semua lokasi tersebut memang rawan untuk terbakar.
Der Klang des Strukturwandels
Authors: Sproten Vitus 
Published: May 2022

Wie freie Rundfunksender den Strukturwandel »hörbar« machten.

Zwischen 1975 und 1990 machten tausende Menschen in ganz Westeuropa mit freien Radiosendern auf ihre Kultur, ihre politischen Ansichten und ihre Interessen aufmerksam. Sie erreichten über ihre Rundfunkstationen Millionen Zuhörer. Der Strukturwandel war dabei in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, den Niederlanden und Belgien der Stimulus hinter dieser radiophonen Entwicklung. Wie aber sahen die Klänge des Strukturwandels aus? Wie setzten sie sich in Westeuropa nach dem wirtschaftlichen Boom der 1950er und 1960er Jahre fort? Welche Auswirkungen hatten die freien Radiosender auf die Medienlandschaft? »Der Klang des Strukturwandels« gewährt spannende kulturelle, gesellschaftliche, politische und wirtschaftliche Einblicke in einen Zeitabschnitt bewegter europäischer Geschichte. Ob in Arbeiterstädten, auf dem Land, Jugendliche, öffentlich-rechtliche Rundfunksender oder dynamische Akteure der Medienindustrie – alle interessierten sich für das freie Radio!
Entre ofícios, cultura e indústria: possíveis antecedentes da criação dos cursos superiores da área de moda no Brasil
Authors: Macedo Káritha Bernardo de 
Published: May 2022

Apresenta-se possíveis antecedentes da criação dos cursos superiores na área de moda no Brasil, atualmente também caracterizada como design de moda. Busca-se mostrar que esse percurso se entrelaça ao ensino do desenho, de fazeres manuais, das artes e do design. Dessa forma, propõe-se pensar essa trajetória para melhor compreender as bases do ensino contemporâneo, assim como os desafios enfrentados pela área de moda no País. Trata-se de um estudo bibliográfico da história de fundação dos cursos superiores da área de moda no Brasil. Fundamenta-se nos trabalhos de Pires ( 2002), Mattos ( 2015), Moura e Lago ( 2015) e Aguiar ( 2015). Finalmente, identifica-se que o ensino de moda entra na academia inicialmente por meio de disciplinas específicas dentro de outras graduações, posteriormente, na forma de cursos de extensão e apenas em meados de 1987 como graduação.
Photoconductive Charge Transfer Complexes as Charge Transport Layers for High Performance Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Hui , Wang Pang , Sun Yuandong , Gao Chen , Miao Weiqiang , Li Donghui , Yang Yujie , Wang Tao , Liu Dan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCharge transport layers (CTLs) are critical for achieving high power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, the p‐type bulk heterojunction (p‐BHJ, i.e., PCBM doped PTAA) and n‐type BHJ (n‐BHJ, i.e., PBDTTT‐C‐T doped PCBM) charge transfer complexes are employed as hole and electron transport layers, respectively, to fabricate inverted PSCs. The photo‐induced charge transfer between p‐type and n‐type organic semiconductors in the BHJ layers provides extra photoconductivity for enhanced charge transport and quasi‐Fermi level splitting, hence enhancing the fill factor and open‐circuit voltage of PSCs. The p‐BHJ layer helps to improve the crystallinity and light absorption of perovskite, whilst the n‐BHJ layer provides extra light absorption and charge generation to boost the short‐circuit current. The combination of p‐BHJ and n‐BHJ CTLs in Cs0.05(FA0.92MA0.08)0.95Pb (I0.92Br0.08)3 based inverted PSCs synergistically enhances the PCE from 18.3% to 22.6% with superior operational and thermal stabilities, and showing a negligible dependence on the thickness of these BHJ CTLs. Density functional theory simulations show that the formation energy of BHJ complex is critical in determining the doping effect and the ultimate performance enhancement of PSCs.
Hollow Metal Organic Framework Improves the Sensitivity and Anti‐Interference of the Detection of Exhaled Volatile Organic Compounds
Authors: Li Ailin , Qiao Xuezhi , Liu Keyan , Bai Wanqiao , Wang Tie 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSurface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has great potential in the early diagnosis of diseases by detecting the changes of volatile biomarkers in exhaled breath, because of its high sensitivity, rich chemical molecular fingerprint information, and immunity to humidity. However, two factors limit the application of SERS: 1) specific enrichment of trace target molecules in SERS hotspots; and 2) stability and reproducibility of SERS signals in multi‐interference environments. In order to accurately detect biomarkers in the complex exhaled breath and to eliminate the interference of other components, hollow ZIF‐8 wrapped on the gold superparticle with a yolk‐shell structure is proposed as a SERS substrate. Similar to the solid ZIF layer, the hollow ZIF‐8 layer is also enriched with gas molecules, and the enriched molecules reacts with functional molecules on the surface of the superparticle, generating a strong response signal. The difference is that the hollow ZIF layer can effectively exclude interfering molecules that are not bound to the modified molecules, and the detection limit is 5 times lower than the detection limit of core‐shell structure substances. A mask‐type sensor is prepared, and the obtained spectra are modeled by PC‐LDA to determine the probability of illness in the actual population.
Integrating Bi@C Nanospheres in Porous Hard Carbon Frameworks for Ultrafast Sodium Storage
Authors: Liang Yazhan , Song Ning , Zhang Zhengchunyu , Chen Weihua , Feng Jinkui , Xi Baojuan , Xiong Shenglin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) have emerged as an alternative technology because of their merits in abundance and cost. Realizing their real applications, however, remains a formidable challenge. One is that among the limitations of anode materials, the alloy‐type candidates tolerate fast capacity fading during cycling. Here, a 3D framework superstructure assembled with carbon nanobelt arrays decorated with a metallic bismuth (Bi) nanospheres coated carbon layer by thermolysis of Bi‐based metal–organic framework nanorods is synthesized as an anode material for SIBs. Due to the unique structural superiority, the anode design promotes excellent sodium‐storage performance in terms of high capacity, excellent cycling stability, and ultrahigh rate capability up to 80 A g−1 with a capacity of 308.8 mAh g−1. The unprecedented sodium‐storage ability is not only attributed to the unique hybrid architecture, but also to the production of a homogeneous and thin solid electrolyte interface layer and the formation of uniform porous nanostructures during cycling in the ether‐based electrolyte. Importantly, deeper understanding of the underlying cause of the performance improvement is illuminated, which is vital to provide the theoretical basis for application of SIBs.
London Dispersion‐Corrected Density Functionals Applied to van der Waals Stacked Layered Materials: Validation of Structure, Energy, and Electronic Properties
Authors: Emrem Birkan , Kempt Roman , Finzel Kati , Heine Thomas 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMost density functionals lack to correctly account for long‐range London dispersion interactions, and numerous a posteriori correction schemes have been proposed in recent years. In van der Waals structures, the interlayer distance controls the proximity effect on the electronic structure, and the interlayer interaction energy indicates the possibility to mechanically exfoliate a layered material. For upcoming twisted van der Waals heterostructures, a reliable but efficient and scalable theoretical scheme to correctly predict the interlayer distance is required. Therefore, the performance of a series of popular London dispersion corrections combined with computationally affordable density functionals is validated. As reference data, the experimental interlayer distance of layered bulk materials is used, and corresponding interlayer interaction energies are calculated using the random phase approximation. We demonstrate that the SCAN‐rVV10 and PBE‐rVV10L functionals predict interlayer interaction energies and interlayer distances of the studied layered systems within the range of the defined error limits of 10 meV per atom and 0.12 Å, respectively. Semi‐empirical and empirical dispersion‐corrected functionals show significantly larger error bars, with PBE+dDsC performing best with comparable quality of geometries, but with higher interlayer interaction energy error limits of ≈20 meV per atom.
Why a Diffusing Single‐Molecule can be Detected in Few Minutes by a Large Capturing Bioelectronic Interface
Authors: Macchia Eleonora , De Caro Liberato , Torricelli Fabrizio , Franco Cinzia Di , Mangiatordi Giuseppe Felice , Scamarcio Gaetano , Torsi Luisa 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSingle‐molecule detection at a nanometric interface in a femtomolar solution, can take weeks as the encounter rate between the diffusing molecule to be detected and the transducing nanodevice is negligibly small. On the other hand, several experiments prove that macroscopic label‐free sensors based on field‐effect‐transistors, engaging micrometric or millimetric detecting interfaces are capable to assay a single‐molecule in a large volume within few minutes. The present work demonstrates why at least a single molecule out of a few diffusing in a 100 µL volume has a high probability to hit a large capturing and detecting electronic interface. To this end, sensing data, measured with an electrolyte‐gated FET whose gate is functionalized with 1012 capturing anti‐immunoglobulin G, are here provided along with a Brownian diffusion‐based modeling. The EG‐FET assays solutions down to some tens of zM in concentrations with volumes ranging from 25 µL to 1 mL in which the functionalized gates are incubated for times ranging from 30 s to 20 min. The high level of accordance between the experimental data and a model based on the Einstein's diffusion‐theory proves how the single‐molecule detection process at large‐capturing interfaces is controlled by Brownian diffusion and yet is highly probable and fast.
Regulating Solvation Structure in Nonflammable Amide‐Based Electrolytes for Long‐Cycling and Safe Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Zhang Qian‐Kui , Zhang Xue‐Qiang , Hou Li‐Peng , Sun Shu‐Yu , Zhan Ying‐Xin , Liang Jia‐Lin , Zhang Fang‐Shu , Feng Xu‐Ning , Li Bo‐Quan , Huang Jia‐Qi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe cycling stability of lithium metal batteries is steadily improving. The safety issues, which mainly result from the employment of flammable solvents, should be strongly considered for practical Li metal batteries. Nonflammable solvents can mitigate fire hazards; however, their employment irreversibly deteriorates the cycling stability of working batteries owing to intrinsic high reactivity against Li metal. Herein, regulating solvation structure in a dimethylacetamide (DMAC)‐based electrolyte is proposed to achieve compatibility between cycling stability and nonflammability of electrolytes. DMAC, a nonflammable solvent, is employed to construct a nonflammable localized high‐concentration electrolyte (LHCE). In the DMAC‐based LHCE, there are abundant aggregate clusters resulting in the formation of anion‐derived solid electrolyte interphase to circumvent parasitic reactions between DMAC solvents and Li metal and to improve the uniformity of Li deposition, which ensures the compatibility between cycling stability under practical conditions and nonflammability of electrolytes. This work opens an emerging avenue to construct long‐cycling and safe Li metal batteries by manipulating solvation structure in nonflammable electrolytes.
Hierarchically Self‐Assembled MOF Network Enables Continuous Ion Transport and High Mechanical Strength
Authors: Du Lulu , Zhang Bo , Deng Wei , Cheng Yu , Xu Lin , Mai Liqiang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractComposite solid electrolytes have attracted significant interest because they overcome the defects of single‐component solid electrolytes. However, the discontinuous ion transport and weak mechanical support caused by randomly distributed powders lead to inferior ionic conductivity and poor mechanical strength. Herein, a hierarchically self‐assembled metal‐organic framework (MOF) network is designed to provide continuous ion transport and mechanical support for composite polymer electrolytes. This unique structure is achieved by constructing well‐ordered MOF nanocrystals along 1D polyimide fibers to provide continuous linear pathways for lithium ions at the micrometer scale, and the 1D MOF fibers are interconnected to form a monolithic 3D network for continuous Li+ transport in the bulk of composite electrolytes. Meanwhile, sub‐nano pores and Lewis acid sites in MOF nanocrystals can selectively confine the movement of larger anions as ion sieves to promote Li+ transport. In addition, the strong banding between MOF and polyimide, coupled with the robustness of the polyimide skeleton, endows the MOF network with high mechanical strength and flexibility. Accordingly, the resultant composite electrolyte delivers a high ionic conductivity and desired mechanical strength. This work shows that rational spatial arrangement of incorporated powders from disorder to order by a self‐assembly strategy can yield novel properties for composite solid electrolytes and solid‐state lithium batteries.
The role of mitochondrial dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis
Authors: Ashleigh Theophania , Swerdlow Russell H. , Beal M. Flint 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTo promote new thinking of the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), we examine the central role of mitochondrial dysfunction in AD. Pathologically, AD is characterized by progressive neuronal loss and biochemical abnormalities including mitochondrial dysfunction. Conventional thinking has dictated that AD is driven by amyloid beta pathology, per the Amyloid Cascade Hypothesis. However, the underlying mechanism of how amyloid beta leads to cognitive decline remains unclear. A model correctly identifying the pathogenesis of AD is critical and needed for the development of effective therapeutics. Mitochondrial dysfunction is closely linked to the core pathological feature of AD: neuronal dysfunction. Targeting mitochondria and associated proteins may hold promise for new strategies for the development of disease‐modifying therapies. According to the Mitochondrial Cascade Hypothesis, mitochondrial dysfunction drives the pathogenesis of AD, as baseline mitochondrial function and mitochondrial change rates influence the progression of cognitive decline.Highlights
The Amyloid Cascade Model does not readily account for various parameters associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD).
A unified model correctly identifying the pathogenesis of AD is greatly needed to inform the development of successful therapeutics.
Mitochondria play a key and central role in the maintenance of optimal neuronal and synaptic function, the core pathological feature of AD.
Mitochondrial dysfunction may be the primary cause of AD, and is a promising target for new therapeutic strategies.
Cobalt Single Atoms Anchored on Oxygen‐Doped Tubular Carbon Nitride for Efficient Peroxymonosulfate Activation: Simultaneous Coordination Structure and Morphology Modulation
Authors: Wang Ziwei , Almatrafi Eydhah , Wang Han , Qin Hong , Wang Wenjun , Du Li , Chen Sha , Zeng Guangming , Xu Piao 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSimultaneous regulation of the coordination environment of single‐atom catalysts (SACs) and engineering architectures with efficient exposed active sites are efficient strategies for boosting peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation. We isolated cobalt atoms with dual nitrogen and oxygen coordination (Co−N3O1) on oxygen‐doped tubular carbon nitride (TCN) by pyrolyzing a hydrogen‐bonded cyanuric acid melamine–cobalt acetate precursor. The theoretically constructed Co−N3O1 moiety on TCN exhibited an impressive mass activity of 7.61×105 min−1 mol−1 with high 1O2 selectivity. Theoretical calculations revealed that the cobalt single atoms occupied a dual nitrogen and oxygen coordination environment, and that PMS adsorption was promoted and energy barriers reduced for the key *O intermediate that produced 1O2. The catalysts were attached to a widely used poly(vinylidene fluoride) microfiltration membrane to deliver an antibiotic wastewater treatment system with 97.5 % ciprofloxacin rejection over 10 hours, thereby revealing the suitability of the membrane for industrial applications.
Geruchsstoffmetabolismus im Menschen
Authors: Kornbausch Nicole , Debong Marcel W. , Buettner Andrea , Heydel Jean‐Marie , Loos Helene M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGeruchsstoffe sind verhältnismäßig kleine Moleküle, welche vom menschlichen Körper leicht aufgenommen werden können. Trotz ihrer großen Relevanz im Alltag ist vergleichsweise wenig über ihren Metabolismus, ihre Verteilungswege und ihre Bioaktivität im menschlichen Körper bekannt. Mit diesem Aufsatz möchten wir zu interdisziplinärer Forschung an den Schnittstellen zwischen Ernährungswissenschaften, Medizin, Biochemie, Chemie und Wahrnehmungswissenschaften beitragen, um das Wissen über die Mechanismen und Funktion der Biotransformation von Geruchsstoffen zu erweitern. Innerhalb des Artikels wird zunächst ein allgemeiner Überblick über die Aufnahme von Geruchsstoffen und die bei der Verstoffwechselung beteiligten Enzyme gegeben. Anschließend wird speziell auf die Biotransformation im Mund‐ und Nasenraum sowie in der Lunge und im Gastrointestinaltrakt eingegangen, und die verschiedenen Ausscheidungswege werden aufgezeigt. Schließlich wird ein Ausblick auf die zukünftige Forschung gegeben und diskutiert.