bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterisation of oil oxidation, fatty acid, carotenoid, squalene and tocopherol components of hazelnut oils obtained from three varieties undergoing oxidation
Authors: Cui Nana , Zhao Tiantian , Han Zhentai , Yang Zhen , Wang Guixi , Ma Qinghua , Liang Lisong 
Published: March 2022

SummaryHazelnut oils obtained from three varieties of Chinese hybrid hazelnuts (cv. ‘Liaozhen 3 (LZ)’, ‘Pingou 21’ (PG) and ‘Yuzhui’ (YZ)) were used to compare the lipid oxidation characteristics (peroxide value, p‐anisidine value and conjugated diene value), fatty acid profiles and major active components (squalene, carotenoids and tocopherols) under oxidation condition at 60 °C for 40 days, in addition, the molecular structure changes in the three hazelnut oils were monitored by Raman spectroscopy. The lipid oxidation of the three hazelnut oils had similar tendencies, and the oxidation rate was slower in the early stage and faster in the later stage. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) tended to decrease mainly due to the decrease in linoleic acid. LZ had higher contents of tocopherol, carotenoids and PUFAs than the other varieties, while YZ owned the highest content of squalene. Tocopherol and carotenoids of the three hazelnut oils showed easy loss, while squalene was relatively stable. Raman spectroscopy can effectively indicate the degree of oxidation and carotenoid levels of hazelnut oil. This study can provide a scientific basis for variety selection in planting and utilisation of active ingredients for the hazelnut industry.
Association between caregivers' health‐related quality of life and care recipients' health outcomes
Authors: Hoshino Junko , Tamakoshi Koji , Hori Yoko , Sakakibara Hisataka 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to investigate the relationship between family caregivers' health‐related quality of life and health outcomes in care recipients.MethodsA total of 160 female caregivers in Japan were initially assessed using self‐reported baseline questionnaires to determine physical and mental aspects of their health‐related quality of life. Based on these scores, they were divided into three groups: lower, middle, and higher quality of life. We followed up with the 133 participants (after excluding those that did not respond) 6 years later to assess the health of their care recipients; 36 caregivers continued to provide home care, while 97 reported that their care recipient had died or been admitted into institutionalized care.ResultsStatistically, a higher risk for care recipients' health deterioration was strongly associated with the mental component score in the lower caregivers' quality of life group of than for the middle group, after adjusting for the care recipients' age, health status, and caregivers' age at baseline. There was no significant association between deterioration of health of care recipients and physical component scores of the caregivers.ConclusionCaregivers' poor health‐related quality of life, particularly poor mental health, may be linked to the deterioration of care recipients' health.
Prevalence, Evolution, and Predictive Factors of Symptoms of Postpartum Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in a French‐Speaking Cohort
Authors: Ben‐Hassine Sarra , Chabbert Margaux , Rozenberg Patrick , Wendland Jaqueline 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundIdentifying factors that are predictive for postpartum posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is important to inform clinical and research practice. Yet prospective longitudinal studies investigating symptoms of postpartum PTSD and their prevalence, evolution, comorbidities, and predictors remain limited. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of women's symptoms of PTSD at different times in the postpartum period and to identify comorbidities and predictive factors in a French‐speaking sample.MethodsA total of 168 women participated in this longitudinal study, which included 3 assessment points: immediate postpartum, 2 months postpartum, and 6 months postpartum. Participants filled out questionnaires regarding sociodemographic characteristics, pregnancy, and birth outcomes; subjective perceptions of birth; and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and PTSD.ResultsAmong the participants, 11.7% reported having symptoms of PTSD 2 months after birth and 10.5% reported having symptoms 6 months after birth. Regarding comorbidities and associated factors, depressive symptoms, poor marital adjustment, and impaired maternal‐infant bonding were significantly and positively correlated with symptoms of PTSD. Peritraumatic distress, negative perceived childbirth experience, and complications and perceived difficulties during birth were predictive factors for postpartum PTSD.DiscussionMore than 1 in 10 women experienced symptoms of postpartum PTSD. Health care professionals need to be aware of symptoms of postpartum PTSD, predictive factors, and comorbidities to be able to better identify women presenting those symptoms and refer them for appropriate psychological support.
Thread lifting: Does patient satisfaction change according to age, type of threads used, number of threads used and treatment area?
Authors: Hügül Hüray , Özkoca Defne , Kutlubay Zekayi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundAging is an inevitable process. Eyebrows, cheeks, mandible, and neck are the areas that are the most vulnerable to the aging process. The most commonly thread lifted areas of the face are the jawline, midface, eyebrows, and the neck.Patients and methodIn this retrospective study, patients who were treated with thread‐lifting between January 2018 and April 2020 were evaluated and the following were noted: the age and gender of the patient; the type of thread used; number of threads used; treatment area; patient satisfaction; and complications. The effects of age, type of thread used, number of threads used, and treatment area on patient satisfaction were analyzed statistically.ResultsThe relationship between age and patient satisfaction is statistically insignificant, p = 0.697. The relationship between patient satisfaction and the type of the thread used was insignificant, p = 0.533. There is no relationship between the number of threads used and patient satisfaction, p = 0.783. There is no difference in patient satisfaction between treatment areas, p = 0.930. The most commonly observed complications were edema, pain, and ecchymosis.ConclusionWe report that the patient satisfaction in thread‐lifting is independent of the patient's age, treatment area, type of thread used, and the number of threads used. Our study is novel as it is the first study to report that the age of the patient and the thread type do not effect patient satisfaction.
Polycentric Governance of Privately Owned Resources in Circular Economy Systems
Authors: Patala Samuli , Albareda Laura , Halme Minna 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNatural resource scarcity is giving rise to new forms of resource governance and so enhancing the transition to more sustainable resource use. One key development is the growth of circular economy systems, where residual resources are reused in closed‐loop systems. This requires an understanding of how diverse actors collectively govern the sustainable use and sharing of privately owned residual and waste resources. Our empirical analysis of three circular economy systems in Finland, the United States and Spain shows how a polycentric form of governance develops through collective action between businesses, the public sector, and societal actors based on multiple units of cooperation. Adopting insights from the polycentric governance of commons, we develop a theory of polycentric governance for privately owned residual resources. Our findings show that polycentric governance involves three main interacting elements: mutual adjustment between actors, practices for collective agency, and structures for sharing resources. As well as contributing to the understanding of collective action for sustainability, these findings also advance the interorganizational governance literature.
A Critical Review of the Conceptualization, Operationalization, and Empirical Literature on Cognition‐Based and Affect‐Based Trust
Authors: Legood Alison , van der Werff Lisa , Lee Allan , den Hartog Deanne , van Knippenberg Daan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTrust plays a pivotal role in the development and maintenance of effective working relationships. In this paper we offer a critical review of the conceptualization and operationalization of cognition‐based and affect‐based trust. While definitions and measures of trust are abundant, the view of trust as a concept with cognitive and affective bases is well established. Nevertheless, the validity of this approach has rarely been examined. Our theoretical and empirical review (content validity study, systematic review and meta‐analysis) of the literature reveals a failure to fully capture cognition or affect in current trust theory and measurement. We find the construct of affect‐based trust to be particularly problematic in its current form. Resolving these issues is critical to advancing our understanding of the differentiating roles of these two important bases of trust. We detail areas for future research on the conceptualization and measurement of trust to stimulate theoretical exploration and methodological advances.
Effect of Internal Design Modification on the Mechanical Properties of Laser Sintered Cobalt‐Chromium Multi‐Unit Metal‐Ceramic Frameworks
Authors: Kocak Elif Figen , Ekren Orhun , Ucar Yurdanur 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of the study was to assess the effect of internal design modifications on the mechanical properties of multi‐unit Cobalt‐Chromium (Co‐Cr) metal‐ceramic frameworks manufactured by direct metal laser sintering.Material and methodsFour‐unit fixed partial denture metal‐ceramic frameworks were digitally designed on a metal die model using 3D software. A total of 30 specimens were prepared using Co‐Cr alloy powder with direct metal laser sintering (n = 10). The control group specimens were solid where the inside of the specimens was completely full. For the test groups, the internal design of the framework was modified. Leaving the outer shell thickness of the framework at 0.5 mm, two different internal designs with hollow geometries were created (1.5 mm and 2 mm inner bar distances) and a cross section area of the connector was calculated. The weights of the specimens were measured and subjected to a 3‐point‐bending test at 1 mm/min crosshead speed. Data were statistically analyzed using One‐way ANOVA followed by Tukey (α = 0.05).ResultsThere was a statistically significant difference among the groups in terms of weight of the specimens (p ≤ 0.05). However, no significant difference was observed among groups in term of both flexural strength and flexural modulus (p ≤ 0.05).ConclusionsWithin the limitations of the study, it was concluded that changing the internal design of the metal frameworks decreases the weight of the framework, but does not affect the flexural strength and flexural modulus. Therefore, clinical applications of internally modified frameworks seem promising for metal‐ceramic restorations.
Associations Between Major Depressive Episodes and School‐ or Community‐Based Activity Participation Among Adolescents Using Nationwide Representative Data
Authors: Delfin Danae , Eke Ransome , Gray Haleigh , Kerr Zachary Y. , Wallace Jessica S. 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundThis study examined the association between participation in school‐based and/or community‐based activity and major depressive episodes (MDE) in adolescents using nationally representative data.MethodsThis study utilized cross‐sectional data from the National Survey of Drug Use and Health from 2015 to 2019. Nine screening questions determined the presence of past‐year MDE in adolescents ages 12‐17 (n = 67,033). Participants indicated past‐year participation in school‐based (eg, team sports, cheerleading, choir, band, student government, or clubs) and/or community‐based activities (eg, volunteer activities, sports, clubs, or groups). Sociodemographic variables included sex, race/ethnicity, family income, and age. Descriptive statistics, univariable and multivariable regression analyses were conducted. The multivariable model included interaction terms between age and sex, and age and race/ethnicity.ResultsOverall, 14% of the sample met the criteria for having MDE. The odds of MDE increased with age. Joint effects of age and sex, and age and race/ethnicity significantly influenced the association between MDE and school‐ or community‐based activities. Participation in 1+ community‐based activities was protective for MDE across all races/ethnicities.ConclusionsFindings help illuminate the direct association of school‐ and community‐based activity participation on MDE risk in adolescents, improving our understanding of MDE across various sociodemographic subgroups in an adolescent population. Schools should aim to facilitate equitable programming and endorse adolescent participation in multiple activities throughout the year. Schools should examine the resources available and consider partnerships that would bolster resources, access, and social capital throughout the community.
Obesity influences the proteome of periodontal ligament tissues following periodontitis induction in rats
Authors: Lopes Maria Eduarda Scordamaia , Marcantonio Camila Chierici , de Molon Rafael Scaf , Cerri Paulo Sérgio , Salmon Cristiane Ribeiro , Mofatto Luciana Souto , Nociti Junior Francisco Humberto , Deschner James , Cirelli Joni Augusto , Nogueira Andressa Vilas Boas 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesMany studies have been conducted to better understand the molecular mechanism involved with periodontitis progression. There has been growing interest in the potential impact of obesity on periodontitis onset and progression, but the mechanisms involved remain to be elucidated. The present study was designed to determine the impact of obesity on experimentally induced periodontitis in rats and identify novel pathways involved.MethodsSixteen Holtzman rats were distributed into two groups (n = 8): ligature‐induced periodontitis (P) and obesity plus ligature‐induced periodontitis (OP). Obesity was induced by a high‐fat diet for 70 days, whereas periodontitis was induced for 20 days, with a cotton thread placed around the upper first molars bilaterally. Alveolar bone loss was measured by microtomographic analysis and histologically by histometry on the hemimaxillae. The protein composition of the periodontal ligament was evaluated by proteomic analysis.ResultsData analysis (body weight, adipose tissue weight, and blood test) confirmed obesity induction, whereas bone loss was confirmed by micro‐CT and histologic analyses. Proteome analysis from the periodontal ligament tissues (PDL) identified 819 proteins, 53 exclusive to the P group, 28 exclusive to the OP group, and 738 commonly expressed. Validation was performed by immunohistochemistry for selected proteins (spondin1, vinculin, and TRAP).ConclusionHistologically, it was found that obesity did not significantly affect bone loss resulting from periodontitis. However, the present study's findings indicated that obesity affects the proteome of PDL submitted to experimental periodontitis, allowing for identifying potential targets for personalized approaches.
Single dose and chronic oral administration of cannabigerol and cannabigerolic acid‐rich hemp extract in fed and fasted dogs: Physiological effect and pharmacokinetic evaluation
Authors: Amstutz Kara , Schwark Wayne S. , Zakharov Alexander , Gomez Beatriz , Lyubimov Alex , Ellis Karolynn , Venator Kurt P. , Wakshlag Joseph J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe use of cannabinoids in veterinary medicine has been increasing exponentially recently and there is little information regarding the pharmacokinetics of cannabinoids except for cannabidiol (CBD) and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), with even more sparse information related to their native acid forms found in cannabis. Cannabigerol (CBG) is the precursor molecule to cannabinoid formation in the cannabis plant which may have medicinal properties as well, yet there are no publications related to CBG or the native cannabigerolic acid (CBGA) in companion animal species. The aim of this study was to investigate similar dosing of CBG and CBGA from hemp plants that have been used for cannabidiol pharmacokinetic studies. Administration in the fed and fasted state was performed to better understand absorption and retention of these unique hemp‐derived cannabinoids in dogs. Results suggest that when providing a hemp‐derived CBG/CBGA formulation in equal quantities, CBGA is absorbed approximately 40‐fold better than CBG regardless of being given to fed or fasted dogs. After twice daily dosing for two weeks at 2 mg/kg in the fasted and then fed state, no differences in the mean serum CBG (5 ng/ml) or CBGA (250 ng/ml) serum concentrations were observed between states. Importantly, physical examination, complete blood counts, and serum chemistry evaluations over the two weeks suggest no adverse events during this short‐term dosing trial.
Normalising disclosure or reinforcing heroism? An exploratory critical discourse analysis of mental health stigma in medical education
Authors: Sukhera Javeed , Poleksic Jelena , Zaheer Juveria , Pack Rachael 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionThere has been a proliferation of initiatives targeted towards improving psychological wellbeing among medical learners. Yet many learners do not seek assistance due to stigma against help seeking. Understanding the prevailing discourses on the effects of mental health stigma in the context of medical education will improve insight on how to address stigma and improve wellbeing. In this study, the authors sought to explore discourses on stigma in medical education through a Foucauldian Critical Discourse Analysis.MethodsThe authors assembled several sets of texts related to stigma in medical education. The initial archive consisted of social media discourse and was expanded to include digital news media. Next, the authors conducted semi‐structured qualitative interviews with medical students, residents and faculty. Using principles of Critical Discourse Analysis informed by the writings of Michel Foucault, the authors analysed the archive to identify truth statements, representative statements and discursive effects.ResultsAnalysis revealed an emancipatory discourse of disclosure that normalised help‐seeking, which conflicted with a discourse of performance. Results suggested that public disclosure remains challenging in private contexts due to a medical culture that rewards perfectionism and lauds heroism. Discourses on performance positioned disclosure as disruptive to the system's need to maintain its own hegemony. Overall, stigma was perceived as rooted within the structural power of the medical education system and society at large.ConclusionDiscourses on stigma in medical education hold implications for the teaching, learning and overall wellbeing of medical learners. The tensions between discourses on disclosure and performance have the potential to perpetuate further distress for learners and worsen asymmetries in power. Interventions to address stigma would benefit from understanding and addressing the role of power and hierarchy in maintaining and dismantling stigma.
The novel avirulence effector AlAvr1 from Ascochyta lentis mediates host cultivar specificity of ascochyta blight in lentil
Authors: Henares Bernadette M. , Debler Johannes W. , Farfan‐Caceres Lina M. , Grime Christina R. , Syme Robert A. , Blake Sara N. , Herdina  , Davidson Jennifer A. , Oliver Richard P. , Singh Karam B. , Kamphuis Lars G. , Lee Robert C. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAscochyta lentis is a fungal pathogen that causes ascochyta blight in the important grain legume species lentil, but little is known about the molecular mechanism of disease or host specificity. We employed a map‐based cloning approach using a biparental A. lentis population to clone the gene AlAvr1‐1 that encodes avirulence towards the lentil cultivar PBA Hurricane XT. The mapping population was produced by mating A. lentis isolate P94‐24, which is pathogenic on the cultivar Nipper and avirulent towards Hurricane, and the isolate AlKewell, which is pathogenic towards Hurricane but not Nipper. Using agroinfiltration, we found that AlAvr1‐1 from the isolate P94‐24 causes necrosis in Hurricane but not in Nipper. The homologous corresponding gene in AlKewell, AlAvr1‐2, encodes a protein with amino acid variation at 23 sites and four of these sites have been positively selected in the P94‐24 branch of the phylogeny. Loss of AlAvr1‐1 in a gene knockout experiment produced a P94‐24 mutant strain that is virulent on Hurricane. Deletion of AlAvr1‐2 in AlKewell led to reduced pathogenicity on Hurricane, suggesting that the gene may contribute to disease in Hurricane. Deletion of AlAvr1‐2 did not affect virulence for Nipper and AlAvr1‐2 is therefore not an avirulence gene for Nipper. We conclude that the hemibiotrophic pathogen A. lentis has an avirulence effector, AlAvr1‐1, that triggers a hypersensitive resistance response in Hurricane. This is the first avirulence gene to be characterized in a legume pathogen from the Pleosporales and may help progress research on other damaging Ascochyta pathogens.
Effects of topiramate on inflammatory parameters in migraine prophylaxis
Authors: Özdemir Hasan Hüseyin , Dönder Ahmet 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimMany medical agents are used in migraine prophylaxis. Topiramate is used as a first‐line treatment option for migraine prophylaxis. It has different side effects, but its effects on inflammatory markers are unknown. In this study, we investigate the effects of topiramate in neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and C‐reactive protein (CRP) with migraine patients without aura.MethodIn this retrospective study, 60 healthy controls and 78 patients who were followed up and had a diagnosis of migraine and took a topiramate therapy were evaluated pretreatment, 3rd, and 6th months after treatment. The number of days with pain, duration of pain, Migraine Disability Assessment Test (MIDAS), and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores of the patients were evaluated before treatment and during the controls.Results and ConclusionsA significant decrease was observed in the painful days, duration of pain, MIDAS, and VAS scores in the evaluations in the 3rd and 6th month periods after the initiation of topiramate. Thrombocytopenia developed in one patient, generalized paresthesia in two patients, and treatment was discontinued for these patients. NLR, PLR, and CRP values before the topiramate treatment were statistically higher than the values at 3rd and 6th months of treatment. Neutrophil, platelet, and lymphocyte counts also decreased during treatment. There was no statistically significant difference between inflammatory parameters and number of days with pain, duration of pain, MIDAS, and VAS scores. NLR, PLR, and CRP values decreased topiramate therapy. Studies are needed to evaluate the anti‐inflammatory effectiveness of topiramate in the treatment of migraine.