bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety and efficacy of high‐dose cytarabine MEAM therapy and other treatments for auto‐peripheral blood stem cell transplantation: A retrospective comparative study
Authors: Yui Shunsuke , Wakita Satoshi , Nagata Yasunobu , Kuribayashi Yasuko , Asayama Toshio , Fujiwara Yusuke , Sakaguchi Masahiro , Yamanaka Satoshi , Marumo Atsushi , Omori Ikuko , Kinoshita Ryosuke , Onai Daishi , Sunakawa Mika , Kaito Yuta , Inai Kazuki , Tokura Taichiro , Takeyoshi Atsushi , Yasuda Shunichi , Honma Shunsuke , Nakayama Kazutaka , Hirakawa Tsuneaki , Arai Kunihito , Kitano Tomoaki , Okamoto Muneo , Inokuchi Koiti , Yamaguchi Hiroki 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimThe MEAM regimen consisting of ranimustine (MCNU), etoposide (ETP), cytarabine (Ara‐C), and melphalan (MEL) is widely used before auto‐peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (auto‐PBSCT) for malignant lymphoma in Japan. The MEAM regimen generally consists of 200–400 mg/m2 for 4 days, but we decided to increase the dosage of Ara‐C from the standard to 2 g/m2 for 2 days with the aim of increasing drug transferability to the central nervous system. We evaluate the safety and therapeutic efficacy of high‐dose Ara‐C MEAM therapy.MethodsThe high‐dose Ara‐C MEAM protocol consisted of MCNU 300 mg/m2 on day –7, ETP 200 mg/m2 on days –6, –5, –4, –3 and Ara‐C 2 g/m2 on day –4 –3, and MEL 140 mg/m2 on day –2. We retrospectively analyzed 37 cases of malignant lymphoma at our institution between May 2014 and July 2020.ResultsAll patients got engraftment and there were no cases of treatment‐related mortality. In all cases, the 3‐year overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) after transplantation were 80.6% and 65.7%, respectively. Twenty‐one cases of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma recurrence, for which there is proven usefulness of auto‐PBSCT, showed good results after transplantation, with the 3‐year OS and PFS after transplantation being 100% and 74.3%, respectively.ConclusionThe safety and efficacy of high‐dose Ara‐C MEAM therapy were demonstrated, but the expected therapeutic effect on central nervous system lesions could not be fully evaluated owing to the small number of cases.
Chinese Attitudes Toward Greta Thunberg and the History of Climate Change Research in China
Authors: Yu Lan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractChina and the West have different social and cultural backgrounds, political systems, and development situations, making the Chinese approach to climate change different from the Western approach. Due to these differences, Greta Thunberg and her climate movement have received different reactions from Western societies and in China. However, the Chinese people and Thunberg share a common goal of tackling climate change and reducing carbon emissions. In Chinese society, it is widely believed that tackling climate change requires actions rather than slogans. At the government level, this has involved unprecedented determination, a willingness to reduce carbon emissions in an orderly manner, and an insistence on an equal emphasis on development and ecology. The Chinese academic community has carried out in‐depth research on climate change and has constantly popularized the content of climate change and environmental protection to the public. Traditional Chinese culture advocates the unity and harmonious coexistence of humans and nature. The public is also active in controlling carbon emissions, choosing green energy and planting trees, and is confident in tackling climate change. For now, China is more eager to expand practical actions than to participate in Thunberg's symbolic strike.
Prostate cancer survival in South West Victoria
Authors: Chilko Natalie , Dean Samantha , Matheson Leigh M. , Grills Richard , Davidson Adee J. , Kearns Paul , Campbell David , Rogers Margaret J. , Collins Ian M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo explore reasons for survival disparities for patients with prostate cancer in the Barwon South West area of Victoria.Design, Setting and ParticipantsWe have described incidence, diagnostics, treatment pathways, and survival for four regions of the Barwon South Western Victoria. Analysis included all newly diagnosed prostate cancer patients from 2009 to 2015 in the Evaluation of Cancer Outcomes Barwon South West Registry. Regions included 1: Queenscliffe 2: Geelong, Colac Otway and Corangamite 3: Moyne, Warrnambool and Southern Grampians and 4: Glenelg. Across the four regions, variables were compared using a chi square statistic or analysis of variance and survival data was assessed with the Kaplan–Meier curves.Main Outcome MeasuresIncidence, treatment pathways and survival for prostate cancer patients.ResultsA total of 1776 patients were diagnosed with prostate cancer from 2009 to 2015 in the Barwon South West area. In regions 1–4, there were 298 (1.04%), 1085 (0.92%), 273 (0.97%) and 120 (1.2%) cases, respectively. There was no significant difference in Gleason score and treatment. The 5‐year survival rate was 85%, 76%, 71% and 80%, respectively, as compared with the national average of 95%. PSA scores >20 ng/ml at diagnosis, as a surrogate for high‐risk disease, occurred in 23%, 29%, 22% and 21%, respectively (p < 0.01). The proportions presenting with stage IV disease were 17%, 26%, 21% and 6%, respectively (p = 0.10).ConclusionMen diagnosed with prostate cancer in South West Victoria have a considerably lower 5‐year survival compared with the national average with later disease at presentation in some areas.
27‐Hydroxycholesterol promotes metastasis by SULT2A1‐dependent alteration in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: He Taochen , Tao Baorui , Yi Chenhe , Zhang Chong , Zhang Peng , Shao Weiqing , Li Yitong , Chen Zhenmei , Lu Lu , Jia Huliang , Zhu Wenwei , Lin Jing , Chen Jinhong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOxysterol metabolism plays an important role in the initiation and development of various tumors. However, little is known that the metabolic alternation can promote the metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, we identify the sulfotransferase family 2A member 1 (SULT2A1) to 27‐hydroxycholesterol (27‐OHC) metabolic axis as playing a critical role in HCC metastasis. The level of 27‐OHC closely corresponded with HCC metastasis instead of proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Also, the expression of SULT2A1 is extremely downregulated in human HCC tissues and is correlated with poor prognosis and tumor metastasis. Gain‐ and loss‐of‐function studies reveal that SULT2A1 suppresses the metastasis of HCC by regulating the level of 27‐OHC. Further mechanistic studies indicated that SULT2A1‐dependent alternation of 27‐OHC activates the nuclear factor‐κB signaling pathway and promotes HCC metastasis by enhancing Twist1 expression and epithelial–mesenchymal transition. In conclusion, our findings indicate the relationship between the metabolism of 27‐OHC and the metastasis of HCC. Moreover, SULT2A1 could act as a potential prognostic biomarker and a therapeutic target for preventing HCC metastasis.
Molecular diagnosis of adult patients with clinically unexplained hypokalemia without hypertension demonstrated a diagnostic yield of 30.5%
Authors: Zhang Xinyue , Pan Xiaohui , Wan Qin , Ma Jinfang , Zhang Fang , Zhang Yuwei , Lv Qingguo , Shen Sumin , Tong Nanwei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHypokalemia is a common disorder in clinical settings; however, nonmolecular diagnostic testing cannot explain some causes of hypokalemia. To determine the etiology of clinically unexplained hypokalemia without hypertension (CUHypoNH) and to obtain a diagnostic yield of monogenic hypokalemia without hypertension in adults (MHNHA), we enrolled 82 patients with CUHypoNH for whole‐exome sequencing or targeted gene sequencing of genes associated with 4000 monogenic disorders. Through molecular diagnosis, 25 patients were diagnosed with monogenic hypokalemia, and a diagnostic yield of 30.5% was obtained. Among patients with MHNHA, 18 patients (18/82, 22.0% and 72% of MHNHA) with Gitelman syndrome accounted for the largest proportion. Among the 29 diagnostic variants found, eight mutations have not been reported previously; these include three point mutations, one frameshift mutation, and four exon deletions. Based on the clinical presentation of patients with CUHypoNH, the diagnostic yield of monogenic hypokalemia was the highest for chronic asymptomatic hypokalemia (8/11, 72.7%). Twenty‐one patients had concomitant hypomagnesemia, when accompanied with hypocalciuria, the molecular diagnostic yield of Gitelman syndrome increased to 88.2%. Overall, this study on hospitalized adult patients explored the etiology of CUHypoNH using high‐throughput sequencing. Molecular diagnosis of CUHypoNH is clinically significant in guiding precision treatment and improving disease prognosis.
Nomogram for prediction of adverse events after lumen‐apposing metal stent placement for drainage of pancreatic fluid collections
Authors: Facciorusso Antonio , Amato Arnaldo , Crinò Stefano Francesco , Sinagra Emanuele , Maida Marcello , Fugazza Alessandro , Binda Cecilia , Repici Alessandro , Tarantino Ilaria , Anderloni Andrea , Fabbri Carlo ,   i‐EUS Group
Published: May 2022

ObjectivesTo generate a prognostic model based on a nomogram for adverse event (AE) prediction after lumen‐apposing metal stents (LAMS) placement in patients with pancreatic fluid collections (PFC).MethodsData from a large multicenter series of PFCs treated with LAMS placement were retrieved. AE (overall and excluding mild events) prediction was calculated through a logistic regression model and a nomogram was created and internally validated after bootstrapping. Results were expressed in terms of odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Discrimination was assessed by c‐statistics and calibrated by comparing deciles of predicted and observed ORs.ResultsOverall, 516 patients were included (males 68%, mean age 61.6 ± 15.2 years). PFCs were predominantly walled‐off necrosis (52.1%). Independent predictors of AE occurrence were injury of main pancreatic duct (OR in the case of leak 2.51, 95% CI 1.06–5.97, P = 0.03; OR in the case of complete disruption 2.61, 1.53–4.45, P = 0.01), abnormal vessels (OR in the case of perigastric varices 2.90, 1.31–6.42, P = 0.008; OR in the case of pseudoaneurysm 2.99, 1.75–11.93, P = 0.002), using a multigate technique (OR 3.00, 1.28–5.24; P = 0.05), and need of percutaneous drainage (OR 2.81, 1.03–7.65, P = 0.04). By nomogram, a score beyond 200 points corresponded to a 50% probability of AE occurrence. The model was confirmed even when excluding mild AEs and it showed optimal discrimination (c‐index 76.8%, 95% CI 74–79), confirmed after internal validation.ConclusionPatients with preprocedural evidence of pancreatic duct leak/disruption, vessel alteration, requiring percutaneous drainage or a multigate technique are at higher risk for AE.
Improving pathways for girls and disadvantaged youth through secondary education and into work: Evidence and reflections from practice
Authors: Baxter Mallory , Novy‐Marx Milena , D'Angelo Sophia 
Published: May 2022

SummaryMotivationGiven the changing nature of work and recent shocks to environmental, health, and economic systems, secondary education in sub‐Saharan Africa must prepare youth to be adaptive and resilient as they transition into challenging labour markets. Access to opportunities to develop relevant skills and knowledge through secondary education is critical to ensure girls and other marginalized young people can secure work or create their own entrepreneurial ventures to improve their livelihoods. Yet many girls and marginalized youth either drop out of school or progress through the education system without developing the skills needed to effectively transition into labour markets.PurposeThis article aims to synthesize insights from Mastercard Foundation's portfolio of programming in secondary education and situate these findings in the broader literature on equitable secondary education and preparing youth for the transition to work in sub‐Saharan Africa.Methods and approachThis article draws on Mastercard Foundation's portfolio of work in secondary education in sub‐Saharan Africa, including its flagship report Secondary education in Africa: Preparing youth for the future of work, the donor collaborative Partnership to Strengthen Innovation and Practice in Secondary Education (PSIPSE), and the Scholars Program in addition to a wider literature and evidence base. It synthesizes key findings from research and programmes focusing on equitable access to and relevant skills development in secondary education.FindingsThree key insights are explored: the importance of targeted financing to expand access, flexible approaches to improve completion, and entrepreneurship programming to develop relevant skills—each critical for promoting secondary education that prepares young women and men for work.Policy implicationsA systems‐based approach is critical to improving the access and relevance of secondary education. Gender‐equitable approaches that account for intersecting barriers are necessary to improve inclusion of disadvantaged youth in education systems and prepare them for work.
Seizure forecasting: Bifurcations in the long and winding road
Authors: Baud Maxime O. , Proix Timothée , Gregg Nicholas M. , Brinkmann Benjamin H. , Nurse Ewan S. , Cook Mark J. , Karoly Philippa J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTo date, the unpredictability of seizures remains a source of suffering for people with epilepsy, motivating decades of research into methods to forecast seizures. Originally, only few scientists and neurologists ventured into this niche endeavor, which, given the difficulty of the task, soon turned into a long and winding road. Over the past decade, however, our narrow field has seen a major acceleration, with trials of chronic electroencephalographic devices and the subsequent discovery of cyclical patterns in the occurrence of seizures. Now, a burgeoning science of seizure timing is emerging, which in turn informs best forecasting strategies for upcoming clinical trials. Although the finish line might be in view, many challenges remain to make seizure forecasting a reality. This review covers the most recent scientific, technical, and medical developments, discusses methodology in detail, and sets a number of goals for future studies.
Rapid Field Approach to Evaluating Natural Source Zone Depletion for a Range of Light Non‐Aqueous Phase Liquid Sites
Authors: Ririe G. Todd , Sweeney Robert E. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMore rapid cost‐effective approaches are required to enable field evaluation of natural source zone depletion (NSZD) at petroleum LNAPL sites. Long and costly cleanups have continued as NSZD has not become widely acceptable as a remedial option. We have developed a low cost rapid field approach (RFA) and expanded the site conceptual models (SCMs) to include NSZD. Results from two sites are presented that illustrate the benefit of the RFA in supplementing existing data and updating SCMs. At present, most NSZD guidelines follow a single generic SCM (aerobic oxidation of methane) as the primary contributor to NSZD. Aerobic oxidation of LNAPL is also possible, and can be documented by subsurface measurements of soil‐gas composition and/or heat generated from biodegradation. The RFA was developed so that sites could be easily separated into those with and without a methane plume overlying LNAPL. This distinction is important as it defines the relative rates of oxygen transport into the soil, and methane generation and release from saturated zone anaerobic biodegradation. For the RFA, evidence for direct LNAPL oxidation is absence of methane (<0.1%‐v) in the unsaturated zone above LNAPL. This measurement can be readily made in the field using existing monitoring wells. The absence of a methane plume above LNAPL would indicate that NSZD is a result of direct biodegradation of LNAPL. This alternative SCM needs to be considered and evaluated prior to implementing more costly data collection or other remediation or site management options.
Mental health services in the school environment—Future visions using a phenomenographic approach
Authors: Putkuri Tiina , Lahti Mari , Laaksonen Camilla , Sarvasmaa Anna S. , Huttunen Rauno , Axelin Anna 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAims and objectivesFirst, to describe the variation in stakeholders' perceptions related to the desirable mental health services in school environments. Second, to construct alternative future visions based on these perceptions. Finally, to describe stakeholders' perceptions about the actions needed to reach such an ideal state.BackgroundThe increased need for mental health care has challenged the role of schools and school health care in the area of mental health services for those of school‐age. There is a need for future visions and comprehensive statements concerning the mental health services provided in the school environment.DesignThe study was undertaken in Finland, between February 2020 and February 2021. Qualitative individual interviews were conducted with 15 professional stakeholders and focus group interviews with 10 stakeholders advocating for adolescents or parents.MethodThe study was conducted with the phenomenographic approach using a visioning methodology. The study is reported following the COREQ checklist.ResultFour alternative future visions were formulated based on the perceptions of the stakeholders. They emphasised different aspects: (1) non‐medicalising the school environment, (2) early and extensive intervention by school nurses enabled by work distribution with mental health specialists, (3) a multiprofessional team providing help on overall health questions and (4) a focusing of the services on mental disorders. Necessary changes were identified at the micro‐, mezzo‐ and macro‐level.ConclusionThe future visions are based on opposite perceptions related to the mission and focus of school health care. One extreme emphasises overall health promotion for everyone, while the other accentuates treatment for those suffering from mental disorders. The former may lead to inadequate help for mental health problems and the latter insufficient help for other health problems.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study contributes alternative future visions, promotes strategic planning and helps to clarify the future role of school nurses.
Effects of transobturator tape procedure on female sexual function at 2‐year follow‐up: A prospective cohort study with matched control group
Authors: Kender Erturk Nergis , Tasgoz Fatma Nurgul , Temur Muzaffer 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectivesWe aimed to compare the effect of elapsed time on sexual function in women who underwent a transobturator tape (TOT) procedure for stress urinary incontinence (SUI) with continent controls.MethodsUrinary and sexual function of 70 females were assessed preoperatively at month 6 and postoperatively at month 24 in the study group. Forty‐five patients without urinary incontinence and demographically matched with the study group were assessed for sexual function at first administration and 24 months later in the control group. The Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) was used.ResultsThe baseline total FSFI score (23.4 ± 3.2 vs 27.0 ± 4.3, P < .001) was significantly lower in patients with SUI. There was a slight increase (24.0 ± 3.0, P = .167) in sexual function at the end of 2 years in the study group, whereas in the control group, the total FSFI score (25.0 ± 4.5, P < .001) decreased significantly within 2 years. The success of the incontinence surgery was associated with higher long‐term sexual function scores.ConclusionsSuccessful TOT surgery can improve sexual function in women with SUI. This improvement decreases less over time compared to healthy controls.
Faculty perspectives on facilitating medical students' longitudinal learning: A mixed‐methods study
Authors: Shagrin Bianca S. , Gheihman Galina , Sullivan Amy M. , Li Honghe , Hirsh David A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionMedical students' longitudinal care of patients supports clinical learning and promotes patient‐centredness. The literature presents little empirically derived guidance for faculty to facilitate students' longitudinal learning and care. Informed by the conceptual framework of relational learning, this study investigated faculty perspectives about longitudinal teaching, their strategies for facilitating students' longitudinal learning and perceived barriers and enablers.MethodsUsing a convergent mixed‐methods approach at a single academic medical centre, the authors conducted a survey and two focus groups in 2018–2019 with faculty members teaching in three longitudinal clinical courses. Quantitative analyses included descriptive statistics and chi‐square tests. Qualitative content analysis described deductive categories and identified inductive themes.ResultsForty‐three eligible faculty (69%) completed the survey. Ninety‐one percent (n = 39) reported that teaching in a longitudinal model enhanced their experience as preceptors. Faculty described activities students performed to provide longitudinal care: spending time with patients independently (n = 38, 88%), making follow‐up phone calls (n = 35; 81%) and participating in home‐ and community‐based visits (n = 20, 47%), among others. Twelve faculty participated in two focus groups. Deductive analysis characterised strategies for facilitating students' longitudinal learning and barriers and enablers. Strategies included “encouraging students to follow patients,” “faculty adaptability,” “offering guidance and setting expectations,” and “careful patient selection.” Barriers included scheduling limitations, and enablers included student initiative. Inductive analysis identified two themes: faculty goals for students and faculty benefits from teaching. Goals included meaningful engagement with patients and their illness over time. Benefits from teaching included personal gratification, mentorship, and holistic student assessment.DiscussionOur survey and focus group findings demonstrated positive faculty attitudes and experiences, characterised faculty goals and approaches, and identified elements of the educational context that hindered or facilitated longitudinal teaching and learning. This study's faculty perspectives build upon prior investigations of students' and patients' perspectives, offer teaching strategies, and may guide faculty development.