bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of heads‐up CPR compared to supine CPR positions: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Varney Joseph , Motawea Karam R. , Mostafa Mostafa R. , AbdelQadir Yossef H. , Aboelenein Merna , Kandil Omneya A. , Ibrahim Nancy , Hashim Hashim T. , Murry Kimberly , Jackson Garrett , Shah Jaffer , Boury Maty , Awad Ahmed K. , Patel Priya , Awad Dina M. , Rozan Samah S. , Talat Nesreen E. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground and AimCardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in full‐coded patients requires effective chest compressions with minimal interruptions to maintain adequate perfusion to the brain and other vital organs. Many novel approaches have been proposed to attain better organ perfusion compared to traditional CPR techniques. The purpose of this review is to investigate the safety and efficacy of heads‐up CPR versus supine CPR.MethodsWe searched PubMed Central, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases from 1990 to February 2021. After the full‐text screening of 40 eligible studies, only seven studies were eligible for our meta‐analysis. We used the RevMan software (5.4) to perform the meta‐analysis.ResultsIn survival outcome, the pooled analysis between heads‐up and supine CPR was (risk ratio = 0.98, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.17–5.68, p = 0.98). The pooled analyses between heads‐up CPR and supine CPR in cerebral flow, cerebral perfusion pressure and coronary perfusion pressure outcomes, were (mean difference [MD] = 0.10, 95% CI = 0.03–0.17, p = 0.003), (MD = 12.28, 95% CI = 5.92–18.64], p = 0.0002), and (MD = 8.43, 95% CI = 2.71–14.14, p = 0.004), respectively. After doing a subgroup analysis, cerebral perfusion was found to increase during heads‐up CPR compared with supine CPR at 6 min CPR duration and 18 to 20 min CPR duration as well.ConclusionOur study suggests that heads‐up CPR is associated with better cerebral and coronary perfusion compared to the conventional supine technique in pigs' models. However, more research is warranted to investigate the safety and efficacy of the heads‐up technique on human beings and to determine the best angle for optimization of the technique results.
Impacts of the landscape changes in the low streamflows of Pantanal headwaters—Brazil
Authors: Marques Mayara Cristina Santos , Rodriguez Daniel Andrés 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe Upper Paraguay Basin Plateau (UPRB) concentrates the headwaters and the largest volume of rain that supply the Pantanal biome and is essential for maintaining its water regime. Given the region's changes in land use and cover, this research sought to identify their influence on headwater flows. The use of conceptual models and time series analysis showed that the replacement of natural vegetation with pasture and the more recent activity of irrigated agriculture have produced changes in the hydrological response of the headwaters. There was a decreasing tendency of low flows during dry periods, which was correlated with anthropic changes in the use and cover of the land in the region. The research results point out changes in land use and cover as the cause of a significant decrease in streamflows during drier periods. Such behaviour at the headwaters of the Pantanal can have consequences for this biome, reducing the resilience of the system against droughts and damaging the biodiversity of the biome.
The oxidized‐LDL/LOX‐1 axis in tumor endothelial cells enhances metastasis by recruiting neutrophils and cancer cells
Authors: Tsumita Takuya , Maishi Nako , Annan Dorcas Akuba‐Muhyia , Towfik Mohammad Alam , Matsuda Aya , Onodera Yasuhito , Nam Jin‐Min , Hida Yasuhiro , Hida Kyoko 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEpidemiological relationships between cancer and cardiovascular diseases have been reported, but a molecular basis remains unclear. Some proteoglycans that strongly bind low‐density‐lipoprotein (LDL) are abundant both in atherosclerotic regions and in high metastatic‐tumor tissue. LDL retention is crucial for the initiation of atherosclerosis, although its contribution to malignancy of cancer is not known. In our study, we show the importance of the accumulation of LDL in tumor metastasis. We demonstrated that high metastatic‐tumor tissue contains high amounts of LDL and forms more oxidized LDL (ox‐LDL). Interestingly, lectin‐like ox‐LDL receptor 1 (LOX‐1), a receptor for ox‐LDL and a recognized key molecule for cardiovascular diseases, was highly expressed in tumor endothelial cells (TECs). Neutrophils are important for ox‐LDL formation. Since we observed the accumulation and activation of neutrophils in HM‐tumors, we evaluated the involvement of LOX‐1 in neutrophil migration and activation. LOX‐1 induced neutrophil migration via CCL2 secretion from TECs, which was enhanced by ox‐LDL. Finally, we show genetic manipulation of LOX‐1 expression in TECs or tumor stroma tended to reduce lung metastasis. Thus, the LOX‐1/ox‐LDL axis in TECs may lead to the formation of a high metastatic‐tumor microenvironment via attracting neutrophils.
Geraniol enhances peroxiredoxin‐1, and prevents isoproterenol‐induced oxidative stress and inflammation associated with myocardial infarction in experimental animal models
Authors: Zou Gangqiang , Wan Jia , Balupillai Agilan , David Ernest , Ranganathan Babujanarthanam , Saravanan Kalaimani 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study has explored the fact that geraniol prevents isoproterenol (ISO)‐induced oxidative stress and inflammation‐mediated myocardial infarction (MI) through enhanced expression of peroxiredoxin‐1 (Prdx‐1) in experimental animal models. The experimental strategies of MI were stimulated through the subcutaneous direction of ISO (85 mg/kg body weight) for 14 days. ISO‐directed models showed elevated heart rate levels and cardiac markers (serum creatine kinase [CK], serum CK‐myocardial band, serum C‐reactive proteins, and plasma homocysteine); increased cardiac‐troponins‐T, and troponin‐I levels in both serum and myocardium. Moreover, we perceived that a higher level of lipid peroxidation molecules (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and lipid hydroperoxides) reduced the antioxidant enzyme levels in plasma and heart tissue of ISO‐directed rats. However, geraniol treatment prevents ISO‐directed enhancement of the heart rate, cardiac and lipid peroxidative genes; reverted the blood pressure, and antioxidant status in ISO‐directed rats. Furthermore, gene expression results revealed that geraniol treatment inhibited the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) proteins, inflammatory responder (tumor necrosis factor‐α, interleukin 6, nuclear factor‐κB), and cardiac fibrotic proteins (matrix metalloproteinase‐2[MMP‐2], MMP‐9) in ISO directed rats. Prdx‐1 is an antioxidant response element, and it can regulate all the antioxidant proteins and it scavenges harmful radicals. Therefore, enhanced Prdx‐1 expression is considered to have a pivotal role in preventing cardiac infarction. In this study, an elevated expression of Prdx1 was noticed in geraniol treated with ISO‐directed rats. Hence, we concluded that geraniol is considered a potential phytodrug, and it prevents ISO‐directed MAPKs, inflammation, and cardiac markers by enhancing the expression of Prdx1.
Declines in muscle protein synthesis account for short‐term muscle disuse atrophy in humans in the absence of increased muscle protein breakdown
Authors: Brook Matthew S. , Stokes Tanner , Gorissen Stefan H.M. , Bass Joseph J. , McGlory Chris , Cegielski Jessica , Wilkinson Daniel J. , Phillips Bethan E. , Smith Ken , Phillips Stuart M. , Atherton Philip J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundWe determined the short‐term (i.e. 4 days) impacts of disuse atrophy in relation to muscle protein turnover [acute fasted‐fed muscle protein synthesis (MPS)/muscle protein breakdown (MPB) and integrated MPS/estimated MPB].MethodsHealthy men (N = 9, 22 ± 2 years, body mass index 24 ± 3 kg m−2) underwent 4 day unilateral leg immobilization. Vastus lateralis (VL) muscle thickness (MT) and extensor strength and thigh lean mass (TLM) were measured. Bilateral VL muscle biopsies were collected on Day 4 at t = −120, 0, 90, and 180 min to determine integrated MPS, estimated MPB, acute fasted‐fed MPS (l‐[ring‐13C6]‐phe), and acute fasted tracer decay rate representative of MPB (l‐[15N]‐phe and l‐[2H8]‐phe). Protein turnover cell signalling was measured by immunoblotting.ResultsImmobilization decreased TLM [pre: 7477 ± 1196 g, post: 7352 ± 1209 g (P < 0.01)], MT [pre: 2.67 ± 0.50 cm, post: 2.55 ± 0.51 cm (P < 0.05)], and strength [pre: 260 ± 43 N m, post: 229 ± 37 N m (P < 0.05)] with no change in control legs. Integrated MPS decreased in immob vs. control legs [control: 1.55 ± 0.21% day−1, immob: 1.29 ± 0.17% day−1 (P < 0.01)], while tracer decay rate (i.e. MPB) (control: 0.02 ± 0.006, immob: 0.015 ± 0.015) and fractional breakdown rate (FBR) remained unchanged [control: 1.44 ± 0.51% day−1, immob: 1.73 ± 0.35% day−1 (P = 0.21)]. Changes in MT correlated with those in MPS but not FBR. MPS increased in the control leg following feeding [fasted: 0.043 ± 0.012% h−1, fed: 0.065 ± 0.017% h−1 (P < 0.05)] but not in immob [fasted: 0.034 ± 0.014% h−1, fed: 0.049 ± 0.023% h−1 (P = 0.09)]. There were no changes in markers of MPB with immob (P > 0.05).ConclusionsHuman skeletal muscle disuse atrophy is driven by declines in MPS, not increases in MPB. Pro‐anabolic therapies to mitigate disuse atrophy would likely be more effective than therapies aimed at attenuating protein degradation.
The 17‐gene stemness score associates with relapse risk and long‐term outcomes following allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation in acute myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Kim Dennis D. H. , Novitzky Basso Igor , Kim Taehyung Simon , Yi Seong Yoon , Kim Kyoung Ha , Murphy Tracy , Chan Steven , Minden Mark , Pasic Ivan , Lam Wilson , Law Arjun , Michelis Fotios V. , Gerbitz Armin , Viswabandya Auro , Lipton Jeffrey , Kumar Rajat , Ng Stanley W. K. , Stockley Tracy , Zhang Tong , King Ian , Mattsson Jonas , Wang Jean C. Y. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA 17‐gene stemness (LSC17) score determines risk in acute myeloid leukaemia patients treated with standard chemotherapy regimens. The present study further analysed the impact of the LSC17 score at diagnosis on outcomes following allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Out of 452 patients with available LSC17 score, 123 patients received allogeneic HCT. Transplant outcomes, including overall (OS), leukaemia‐free survival (LFS), relapse incidence (RI) and non‐relapse mortality (NRM), were compared according to the LSC17 scored group. The patients with a low LSC17 score had higher OS (56.2%) and LFS (54.4%) at 2 years compared to patients with high LSC17 score (47.2%, p = 0.0237 for OS and 46.0%, p = 0.0181 for LFS). The low LSC17 score group also had a lower relapse rate at 2 years (12.7%) compared to 25.3% in the high LSC17 score group (p = 0.017), but no difference in NRM (p = 0.674). Worse outcomes in the high LSC17 score group for OS, LFS and relapse were consistently observed across all stratified sub‐groups. The use of more intensive conditioning did not improve outcomes for either group. In contrast, chronic graft‐versus‐host‐disease was associated with more favourable outcomes in both groups. The 17‐gene stemness score is highly prognostic for survival and relapse risk following allogeneic HCT.
Probing luminescence of rare earth ions in natural pink fluorites using Raman microscopes
Authors: Hagemann Hans , Ayoubipour Sareh , Delgado Teresa , Schnyder Cédric , Gnos Edwin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIt is well‐known that many natural fluorite crystals contain rare earth ions. In this work, a series of pink fluorites is studied to demonstrate that the use of Raman microscopes allows to obtain high resolution emission spectra of trivalent rare earth ions. These emission spectra allow in principle to distinguish differences of the local environment related to the charge compensation necessary when the divalent Ca ion is replaced by a trivalent rare earth ion. The pink fluorites from the Alps have grown under hydrothermal conditions, which results in the incorporation of oxygen into the fluorite. In one sample from Juchlistock (Bern, Switzerland), a trigonal Eu3+‐oxygen center is clearly identified. Interestingly, a pink fluorite from China (Huanggang Mine, Inner Mongolia, China) shows a quite different emission spectrum from those of the Alps. In this sample, the emission bands have much lower relative intensity compared with the intensity of the CaF2 Raman peak, indicating a much lower content of Er3+ and Ho3+ which emit around 520–560 nm. Literature examples show that Raman measurements of differently colored fluorite crystals can also present sharp rare earth spectra. By extension, it is thus possible to observe and identify emission spectra of rare earth ions in other mineral crystals using Raman microspectroscopy and avoid misassignments of the corresponding observed Raman spectra.
Using helicopter counts to estimate the abundance of Himalayan tahr in New Zealand's Southern Alps
Authors: Ramsey David S. L. , Forsyth David M. , Perry Mike , Thomas Pete , McKay Meredith , Wright Elaine F. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEstimating the abundance and density of mountain ungulates is difficult because of rugged and remote terrain, high elevations, and rapidly changing weather. Helicopter surveys could overcome these problems, but researchers have seldom applied helicopter‐based survey methods at large spatial scales in mountain terrain. We used helicopters to count introduced Himalayan tahr (Hemitragus jemlahicus) at 117 plots, each of 4 km2, in New Zealand's Southern Alps during 2016–2019. The sampling frame was 7,844 km2and we located the plots at the vertices of an 8‐km grid superimposed over the sampling frame (i.e., a systematic random sampling design). We conducted 3 repeat counts at each plot during summer–autumn. We used the repeat counts to estimate tahr abundance and density, corrected for imperfect detection, using a dynamic N‐mixture model for open populations. We estimated the population of tahr in the sampling frame using design‐based, finite sampling methods and model‐based inference procedures. The mean estimated density of tahr on each plot varied from zero to 31.7 tahr/km2. The mean densities of tahr varied among management units, ranging from 0.3 to 10.7 tahr/km2, and exceeded specified intervention densities in 6 of the 7 management units. The total design‐based estimate of tahr abundance in the sampling frame was 34,500 (95% CI = 27,750–42,900), with a coefficient of variation (CV) of 0.11. The corresponding model‐based estimate of total abundance was similar (34,550, 95% CI = 30,250–38,700) but was substantially more precise (CV = 0.06) than the design‐based estimate. The precision of the estimates for the individual management units was also better than that of the design‐based estimates, with CVs of <0.20 for all but 1 management unit. Our study provides a repeatable method for sampling mountain ungulates. More generally, robust estimation of abundance and density of mountain ungulates is possible by combining aerial surveys and open population models with an objective, probabilistic sampling design.
Reverse Engineering of Chemically Similar Bimodal High Density Polyethylenes: A Comprehensive Study Using Advanced Chromatographic Techniques
Authors: Ndiripo Anthony , Lamola Helen , Ndlovu Petronella Zabesuthu , Lederer Albena , Pasch Harald , van Reenen Albert Johannes 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBimodal high‐density polyethylene (bHDPE) is a complex, multicomponent polyethylene (PE) material whose synthesis in a multistage process can be challenging. Three bHDPEs with good and bad end‐use properties are reverse engineered using advanced analytical techniques. Average chemical composition is determined using 13C NMR and 1‐butene is identified as the comonomer for the good resin (bHDPE 1) while 1‐hexene is the comonomer in bHDPE 2 and 3. The presence of comonomer in the high molar mass fractions of the samples is shown using high‐temperature triple‐detection size exclusion chromatography (HT‐SEC‐d3). Chemical composition separation using high‐temperature interaction chromatography (HT‐IC) is achieved using porous graphitic carbon (PGC) and silica stationary phases. Some problems in temperature gradient interaction chromatography (TGIC) on PGC are overcome by using a non‐adsorptive stationary phase, enabling better separation and visualization of homopolymer and copolymer components. Coupling HT‐SEC in 2D liquid chromatography (2D‐LC) analyses at high temperatures reveals the presence of a larger copolymer component in bHDPE 1 at high elution volume. In contrast, bHDPE 2 and bHDPE 3 have copolymer components at low elution volumes, indicating poor comonomer distribution in the copolymer component which ultimately explains the poor mechanical properties at similar comonomer contents.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mimics
Authors: Kwan Justin , Vullaganti Mithila 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common adult‐onset motor neuron disorder characterized by progressive degeneration of cortical, bulbar, and spinal motor neurons. When a patient presents with a progressive upper and/or lower motor syndrome, clinicians must pay particular attention to any atypical features in the history and/or clinical examination suggesting an alternate diagnosis, as up to 10% percent of patients initially diagnosed with ALS have a mimic of ALS. ALS is a clinical diagnosis and requires the exclusion of other disorders that may have similar presentations but a more favorable prognosis or an effective therapy. Because there is currently no specific diagnostic biomarker that is sensitive or specific for ALS, understanding the spectrum of clinical presentations of ALS and its mimics is paramount. While true mimics of ALS are rare, the clinician must correctly identify these disorders to avoid the misdiagnosis of ALS and to initiate effective treatment where available.
Improving nutrition practices for postoperative high‐risk heart transplant and ventricular assist device implant patients in circulatory compromise: A quality improvement pre– and post–protocol intervention outcome study
Authors: Modir Ranna , Hadhazy Eric , Teuteberg Jeffrey , Hiesinger William , Tulu Zeynep , Hill Charles 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundPatients undergoing heart transplant (HT) and ventricular assist device (VAD) implant may experience intra‐ and postoperative complications requiring high‐dose vasopressor agents and/or mechanical circulatory support. These complications increase the risk of nonocclusive bowel ischemia (NOBI) and inadequate enteral nutrition (EN) delivery, and guidance for this high‐risk patient population is limited. To optimize nutrition support practices in this patient population at our institution, we created the High‐Risk Nutrition Support Protocol (HRNSP) to improve nutrient delivery and promote safer EN practices in the setting of NOBI risk factors after HT and VAD implant.MethodsWe developed and implemented a nutrition support protocol as a quality improvement (QI) initiative. Data were obtained before (n = 62) and after (n = 52) protocol initiation. We compared nutrition and clinical outcomes between the pre‐ and post‐intervention groups.ResultsFewer calorie deficits (P < 0.001), fewer protein deficits (P < 0.001), a greater proportion of calorie/protein needs met (P < 0.001), zero NOBI cases (0%), and decreased intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay (LOS) (P = 0.005) were observed with 100% (n = 52 of 54) HRNSP implementation success. Increased use of parenteral nutrition did not increase central line–associated bloodstream infections (P = 0.46). There was no difference in hospital LOS (P = 0.44) or 90‐day and 1‐year mortality (P = 0.56, P = 0.35).ConclusionThis single‐center, QI pre‐ and post‐protocol intervention outcome study suggests that implementing and adhering to a nutrition support protocol for VAD implant/HT patients with hemodynamic complications increases nutrient delivery and is associated with reduced ICU LOS and NOBI.
Single‐Molecule Force Spectroscopy Reveals Stability of mitoNEET and its [2Fe2Se] Cluster in Weakly Acidic and Basic Solutions
Authors: Nie Jing‐Yuan , Song Guo‐Bin , Deng Yi‐Bing , Zheng Peng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe outer mitochondrial membrane protein mitoNEET (mNT) is a recently identified iron‐sulfur protein containing a unique Fe2S2(His)1(Cys)3 metal cluster with a single Fe−N(His87) coordinating bond. This labile Fe−N bond led to multiple unfolding/rupture pathways of mNT and its cluster by atomic force microscopy‐based single‐molecule force spectroscopy (AFM‐SMFS), one of most common tools for characterizing the molecular mechanics. Although previous ensemble studies showed that this labile Fe−N(His) bond is essential for protein function, they also indicated that the protein and its [2Fe2S] cluster are stable under acidic conditions. Thus, we applied AFM‐SMFS to measure the stability of mNT and its cluster at pH values of 6, 7, and 8. Indeed, all previous multiple unfolding pathways of mNT were still observed. Moreover, single‐molecule measurements revealed that the stabilities of the protein and the [2Fe2S] cluster are consistent at these pH values with only ≈20 pN force differences. Thus, we found that the behavior of the protein is consistent in both weakly acidic and basic solutions despite a labile Fe−N bond.
Swelling poly(ionic liquid)s for demulsifying oil‐in‐water emulsion by anion exchange
Authors: Cheng Guiren , Yuan Huixia , Deng Xi , Wang Binshen , Zhang Guirong , Zhao Yun , Gao Guohua 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this work, poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs) with swelling ability were prepared via the free radical copolymerization of N‐vinyl imidazolium ionic liquids and divinylbenzene. Nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier‐transform infrared analyses confirmed the successful synthesis of PILs. The PILs were evaluated as demulsifiers for a model oil‐in‐water emulsion, where sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was used as a surfactant. The demulsification efficiencies of PILs increased from 18%, 34%, 92% to 99% with the alkyl chain of three‐substituents on imidazolium varied from n‐octyl, n‐hex1yl, n‐butyl to n‐ethyl, which positively related with the swelling ratios of PILs in the emulsion. The amounts of dodecyl sulfate and Br− in the aqueous phase after demulsification were analyzed by high‐pressure liquid chromatography and ion chromatography, respectively. The decreased amount of dodecyl sulfate coincided with the increased amount of Br−, indicating that the anion exchange between surfactant SDS and PILs was occurred. The PILs could be recycled by ion exchange with NaBr solution and the demulsification efficiencies did not show significant decline during five times of recycling. Meanwhile, P[VEIm]Br@4 Å zeolite prepared by loading poly(1‐vinyl‐3‐ethylimidazolium bromide) on 4 Å zeolite was used for continuous demulsification in the T type device. The T type device had stable fluxes (1083 L ·m−2 h−1) for various oil‐in‐water emulsions with excellent demulsification efficiencies (above 99%).