bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental relevant concentrations of triclosan affected developmental toxicity, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in zebrafish embryos
Authors: Liu Fei , Zhang Ying , Wang Fan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTriclosan (TCS), as a broad‐spectrum antibacterial agent, is widely used in various pharmaceutical and personal care products. However, the details of ecological environmental health risks of TCS are not clear. In this study, zebrafish embryos/larval were exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of TCS to evaluate the developmental toxicity. Four‐hour post‐fertilization (hpf) zebrafish embryos were exposed to 0, 2, 10, 50, and 250 μg/L TCS until 96 h. The heart beats at 72 hpf were significantly increased in 2 μg/L TCS group, while significantly decreased in 250 μg/L TCS treated group compared with control. The results of acridine orange staining, terminal deoxynucleotide transferase‐mediated UTPnick end labeling assay, and detection of mitochondrial membrane potential showed that 50 and 250 μg/L TCS resulted in apoptosis. Meanwhile, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and DNA damage were induced, but SOD activity was significantly decreased in 250 μg/L TCS treated group. In addition, SOD(Mn) and GPx gene mRNA expressions were significantly down‐regulated in 50 and 250 μg/L TCS treated groups, while Casp3, Casp9, Puma, Casp8, Apaf1, and Bid genes in 250 μg/L TCS and Mdm2 gene in 50 μg/L treated groups were significantly up‐regulated. P53 protein was significantly up‐regulated in 250 μg/L TCS treated group. The overall results showed that TCS can cause oxidative stress and result in apoptosis via the involvement of ROS‐p53‐caspase‐dependent apoptotic pathway in zebrafish embryos. The present findings suggest the potential mechanisms of TCS‐induced developmental toxicity appears to be the generation of ROS and the consequent triggering of apoptosis genes.
The diffusion of digital labour Platforms in the economy: How and why are businesses using them?
Authors:   ILO
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis chapter examines how and why businesses use digital labour platforms, and the benefits and challenges involved. based on interviews with representatives of 70 SMEs and large enterprises. Using case studies, it explores the opportunities arising from digital labour platforms for new digital technology start‐up companies and business process outsourcing (BPO) companies and how they adapt to the digital economy. It also analyses the implications of such platforms for traditional enterprises, with a focus on the retail sector.
Generic Modeling Technique for Flexible and Highly Available Assembly Systems
Authors: Müller Rainer , Karkowski Martin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTo face the major challenges posed by the increasing product variants with shortening life cycles and fluctuating market conditions, modular and adaptable assembly systems are used. Their strong dependency on software creates a new void in the planning and implementation processes of these assembly systems. Usually, the programmer fills this void based on his knowledge, which leads to frequent and large adaptations of the code base. This is rather counter-productive. To address this challenge, we developed a generic user-friendly graphical API (Application Programming Interface) for a process owner in our previous work (Müller et al, Proc CIRP 81:730–735, 2019, [1]). This API can describe any assembly system and the associated task and is used to get the boilerplate code needed to execute the process on a programmable logic controller (PLC)—the standard hardware used in the industry. In this paper, the virtual description of an assembly system used by the API is extended to include a goal-oriented task description by defining the process and the structure. We believe that this extension provides the proper abstraction needed by the process owner. In addition, this extension significantly reduces the modeling effort.
Adaptive Motion Control Middleware for Teleoperation Based on Pose Tracking and Trajectory Planning
Authors: Blank Andreas , Karlidag Engin , Zikeli Lukas , Metzner Maximilian , Franke Jörg 
Published: January 2022

AbstractConcurrent with autonomous robots, teleoperation gains importance in industrial applications. This includes human–robot cooperation during complex or harmful operations and remote intervention. A key role in teleoperation is the ability to translate operator inputs to robot movements. Therefore, providing different motion control types is a decisive aspect due to the variety of tasks to be expected. For a wide range of use-cases, a high degree of interoperability to a variety of robot systems is required. In addition, the control input should support up-to-date Human Machine Interfaces. To address the existing challenges, we present a middleware for teleoperation of industrial robots, which is adaptive regarding motion control types. Thereby the middleware relies on an open-source, robot meta-operating system and a standardized communication. Evaluation is performed within defined tasks utilizing different articulated robots, whereby performance and determinacy are quantified. An implementation sample of the method is available on:https://github.com/FAU-FAPS/adaptive_motion_control.
An Approach for Direct Offline Programming of High Precision Assembly Tasks on 3D Scans Using Tactile Control and Automatic Program Adaption
Authors: Metzner Maximilian , Reisinger Dominik , Ortmann Jan-Niklas , Grünhöfer Lukas , Handwerker Andreas , Blank Andreas , Franke Jörg 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis contribution defines a methodology for the direct offline programming of robotic high-precision assembly tasks without the need for real-world teach-in, even for less-accurate lightweight robots. Using 3D scanning technologies, the relevant geometrical relations of the offline programming environment are adjusted to the real application. To bridge remaining accuracy gaps, tactile insertion algorithms are provided. As repetitive inaccuracy compensation through tactile search is considered wasteful, a method to automatically adapt the robot program to continuously increase precision over time, taking into account multiple influence sets is derived. The presented methodology is validated on a real-world use case from electronics production.
The Digital Twin as a Mediator for the Digitalization and Conservation of Expert Knowledge
Authors: Hüsener Dominik , Schluse Michael , Kaufmann Dorit , Roßmann Jürgen 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA Digital Twin is a virtual representation of a physical asset. It reflects the current state of that machine through a model and the data as observed by sensors in the real machine; and enables effective and efficient interaction with the machine, i.e. for monitoring and control purposes. The Digital Twin facilitates the collection of data, as well as its analysis and visualization through its user interfaces, i.e. GUIs such as screens or Mixed Reality that provide intuitive access to the data and facilitates its manipulation. Embedded in Virtual Testbeds the Digital Twin becomes an “Experimentable Digital Twin” (EDT), in which experiments can be performed and the different outcomes can be compared or evaluated. The intuitive representation of the assets allows the experts to interact with the twin, without highly detailed knowledge in computer science. The digital twin observes, records, and benchmarks experiments performed by the operator. This way the operator’s knowledge becomes digitized and thus preserved as an abstract representation of data, formulas, and models inside the digital twin. By introducing the Digital Twin into the processes carried out by different operators (not only the initially observed expert), formerly intuitive decision-making processes of the operators are enhanced based on empirical data. As a result, the Digital Twin serves as an assistance system that can guide future operators and the outcomes of the experiments become reproducible. The specific representations of interactions and outcomes also facilitate collaboration between the machine operators and other stakeholders by providing different operators a common “perspective”.
Configuration and Enablement of Vision Sensor Solutions Through a Combined Simulation Based Process Chain
Authors: Gierecker Johann , Schoepflin Daniel , Schmedemann Ole , Schüppstuhl Thorsten 
Published: January 2022

Abstract Machine vision solutions can perform within a wide range of applications and are commonly used to verify the operation of production systems. They offer the potential to automatically record assembly states and derive information, but simultaneously require a high effort of planning, configuration and implementation. This generally leads to an iterative, expert based implementation with long process times and sets major barriers for many companies. Furthermore the implementation is task specific and needs to be repeated with every variation of product, environment or process. Therefore a novel concept of a simulation-based process chain for both—configuration and enablement—of machine vision systems is presented in this paper. It combines related work of sensor planning algorithms with new methods of training data generation and detailed task specific analysis for assembly applications.
Secure Clamping of Parts for Disassembly for Remanufacturing
Authors: Rieß Simon , Wiedemann Jonas , Coutandin Sven , Fleischer Jürgen 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRobot based remanufacturing of valuable products is commonly perceived as promising field in future in terms of an efficient and globally competitive economy. Additionally, it plays an important role with regard to resource-efficient manufacturing. The associated processes however, require a reliable non-destructive disassembly. For these disassembly processes, there is special robot periphery essential to enable the tasks physically. Unlike manufacturing, within remanufacturing there are End-of-Life (EoL) products utilized. The specifications and conditions are often uncertain and varying. Consequently the robot system and especially the periphery needs to adapt to the used product, based on an initial examination and classification of the part. State of the art approaches provide limited flexibility and adaptability to the disassembly of electric motors used in automotive industry. Especially the geometrical shape is a limiting factor for using state of the art periphery for remanufacturing. Within this contribution a new kind of flexible clamping device for the disassembly of EoL electrical motors is presented. The robot periphery is systematically developed regarding the requirements stemming from the remanufacturing approach. It consists of three clamping units with moveable pins. Utilizing two linear axes, a two dimensional working space is realized for clamping the parts depending on their conditions and shape.
Salutogenesis and the Sense of Coherence in Young Adults Not in Education, Employment, or Training (NEET)
Authors: Meier Magistretti Claudia , Reichlin Beat 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this chapter, the authors discuss the topic of young adults not in education, employment, or training (NEETs). Although estimates of the number of NEETs vary, the problem seems to be global and growing. The many programs that try to support NEETs fail to reach them and guide them successfully into work, housing, and social participation. Helping systems regard NEETs as patients, cases, or not yet enabled adults and thereby fail to meet their needs as well as their potential. Confronting the limits of current approaches, the authors emphasise the need for a salutogenic orientation in research and practice with NEETs. They provide guidance and inspiration for novel approches and describe promising NEET initiatives. These initiatives are characterised by having a genuine health orientation, NEET participation, the centrality of learning processes, and flexible, adaptive models of individual and social development in combination with enhanced employment, education, training, and entrepreneurship opportunities.
Mileposts in the Development of Salutogenesis
Authors: Lindström Bengt 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this chapter, the author reviews mileposts in the development of the field of salutogenesis from the late 1990s until today. This is a chronology of the meetings, seminars and other events that have provided space and time for the development of salutogenesis as an academic field. This chapter is of historical value and helps describe the global collaborative work that has supported the network of colleagues whose work is in the book.
Salutogenesis as a Theory, as an Orientation and as the Sense of Coherence
Authors: Mittelmark Maurice B. , Bauer Georg F. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this chapter, the authors convey some of the main ways the term ‘salutogenesis’ is used today. Antonovsky introduced the term salutogenesis in his 1979 and 1987 books on the Salutogenic Model of Health, but salutogenesis subsequently has come to refer to a core concept in the model in particular; the sense of coherence. This usage has advanced to the point that some writers have coined the term ‘sense of coherence theory’. The term salutogenesis is also frequently used to refer, more generally, to an approach to health theory, research and practice emphasising resources that people may call on to improve health.
Applying Salutogenesis in Towns and Cities
Authors: Maass Ruca , Lillefjell Monica , Espnes Geir Arild 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis chapter casts light on how cities can facilitate good health through urban planning, design and organisation, and collaboration between multiple sectors. The way we organise cities is one aspect of the social determinants of health and can manifest or balance several aspects of social injustice. This chapter focuses on matters of planning and maintaining infrastructure, including transportation systems, green spaces and walkability, as well as matters of environmental justice across cities. Moreover, it is discussed how a Health in All Policies (HiAP) approach can be implemented at the city level, and in which ways the World Health Organization’s (WHO’s) Healthy City Network contributes to this work. The authors take a closer look at the evaluations of HiAP, as well as the Healthy Cities approach, and to what degree they facilitate long-lasting cross-sector collaboration. Last, it is discussed whether and how a salutogenic orientation can link places and environmental resources to health outcomes, and explore the implications of this approach for salutogenic practice and research.
The Application of Salutogenesis in Primary Care
Authors: Rojatz Daniela , Nowak Peter , Bahrs Ottomar , Pelikan Jürgen M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPrimary care is understood as the first contact point to medical care. It operates at the interface between the social and the health systems, between the patient with his or her family and the professional environment, and refers to the local population, while primary health care, following WHO, is defined as a whole-of-society approach envisioned to contribute to universal health coverage and equality. This chapter is dedicated primarily to the application of salutogenesis in primary care. Since primary care services are a complex of strongly interrelated professional practice, research, and supporting policy, applying salutogenesis in primary care comprehensively should introduce salutogenesis in all these fields simultaneously.This chapter examines how salutogenesis is addressed and discussed in policy, research, and practice of primary care and discusses the application of salutogenesis as an orientation, a model, and the construct of ‘sense of coherence’. Thus, it contributes to supporting the application of salutogenesis in primary care and provides an outlook on further research needs.
Applying Salutogenesis in Mental Healthcare Settings
Authors: Langeland Eva , Vinje Hege Forbech 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis chapter deals with salutogenesis for a specific and growing group of people with mental health challenges. It emphasizes the importance of high-quality social support in interplay with positive identity development thus promoting salutogenic capacity. Aaron Antonovsky’s core concept of sense of coherence has been shown to be more closely related to mental health than to physical health. Thus, the application of salutogenesis on clients in mental healthcare settings is rather obvious. First, the expression “mental health challenges” is used because it is less disease-focused and encourages one to keep in mind that, despite suffering from mental illness, there always is some level of health and resources present that can be recognized, utilized, and nurtured. Second, it can result in specific forms of salutogenic therapy, for example, talk-therapy groups that aim to support positive salutogenic identity building as a specific resistance resource and to improve the sense of coherence of participants by specific offers of social support. Third, as in all health care, the material and social setting itself should be designed by salutogenic principles as empowering by being comprehensible, meaningful, and manageable. This is especially important for more sensitive people with mental health challenges who also might experience longer stay in mental healthcare organizations.
The Salutogenic Approach to Childcare in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Focus on Children Who Thrive in the Face of Adversity
Authors: Bakibinga Pauline , Matanda Dennis J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this chapter, the authors examine the potential of a salutogenic orientation to childcare in poor urban African settings. There is an, as of yet, limited but growing body of evidence on the application of the salutogenic model in research amongst children who experience adversity in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The authors discuss the need for more childcare research in Africa, using a salutogenic lens. As most salutogenic research works with children have been conducted on other continents, the authors call for collaborations between African scholars and salutogenesis researchers in other parts of the world.
Salutogenesis and Migration
Authors: Daniel Marguerite , Ottemöller Fungisai Puleng Gwanzura 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this chapter, the authors give a brief overview of research on salutogenesis and migration, including both forced and voluntary migration. Salutogenesis has been used to frame labour migration and how people respond and adapt to new cultural contexts.The focus is mainly on forced migration, i.e. the case of refugees. The authors consider research framed by the Salutogenic Model of Health and research with refugees that uses the broader ‘salutogenic’ approach. They conclude by discussing how salutogenesis adds insight – but may also induce distraction – in the study of refugee migration.
Salutogenesis as a Framework for Social Recovery After Disaster
Authors: Généreux Mélissa , Roy Mathieu , O’Sullivan Tracey , Maltais Danielle 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis chapter has its starting point in 2013, when a train carrying crude oil derailed in Lac-Mégantic, Quebec, Canada. Research on the aftermath of this tragedy indicates that the adverse psychosocial impacts resulting from the rail tragedy decreased over time. The authors explain that although the tragedy certainly has left its mark, the local community is gradually adapting to its new reality. The asset-based approach to recovery that has been encouraged seems to have contributed to the “new reality,” emphasizing the importance of social capital to activate individual and community resilience in post-disaster contexts. The authors identify and discuss success factors supporting the recovery of citizens and the social reconstruction of the community, and they document the positive development of the psychosocial situation in Lac-Mégantic, commenting also on the importance of developing a shared understanding of risks and working together in finding solutions.The authors conclude by discussing the importance of long-term initiatives to promote understanding, preventing, and reducing psychosocial risks in the months and years following a disaster, and the need to move from disaster management to risk management logic in response to disasters.
Salutogenesis Meeting Places: The Global Working Group, the Center, and the Society on Salutogenesis
Authors: Bauer Georg F. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this chapter, the author provides the reader with a useful description of Salutogenesis meeting places. These are the Society for Theory and Research on Salutogenesis (STARS) and the Global Working Group on Salutogenesis (GWG-Sal) of the International Union for Health Promotion and Education (IUHPE). The author also provides information about the Center on Salutogenesis at the University of Zürich in Switzerland. The Center is the host organization of both meeting places. The key message of this chapter is that one’s involvement in STARS will extend one’s professional network, open new avenues for research and publishing, and help achieve a vision of “salutogenesis for thriving societies.” The reader wanting to connect more directly to a global salutogenesis network will find this chapter to be of great practical value.
From Common Reader to Canon: Memorialising the Shakespeare-Reading British Soldier During the First World War
Authors: King Edmund G. C. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn 1916, at the same time as Shakespearean tercentenary addresses were claiming that Shakespeare epitomised British national ideals, numerous press dispatches ‘from the field’ appeared in British newspapers seeming to prove the existence of a large audience of Shakespearean readers among those fighting for those ‘ideals’ in active zones. This chapter examines some of these claims. It asks how the image of the Shakespeare-reading soldier was deployed within book-trade and charity publicity and capitalised upon by educators and other members of Britain’s cultural and intellectual elites. It assesses the ways in which press anecdotes about soldiers reading the classics contributed to larger discourses of national identity and cultural and aesthetic mobilisation. Finally, it asks how these accounts may have contributed to the conflict’s transmutation into a ‘literary war’ in post-war collective memory, one in which literature came to assume an outsized role in how the conflict was subsequently memorialised.
Social Innovation in Higher Education from a Disability Studies Perspective
Authors: Cserti-Szauer Csilla , Sándor Anikó , Katona Vanda , Könczei György 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDue to the traditionally highly hierarchical nature of science, close connection with praxis is not always smooth. Participatory approaches can significantly support the balancing of power and the connection of academic theory with practice. In (Critical) Disability Studies, it is particularly important that user needs are met through co-productive design, and implementation. In this chapter after providing the theoretical foundation of (Critical) Disability Studies, our experiences are summarized in research, teaching, and service development, highlighting the strengths and challenges of the participatory approach to enrich the social innovation ecosystem. Finally, the chapter points out the adaptation and many possibilities of the participatory method that might create inclusive networks and communities in higher education.