bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lung cancer risk in relation to jobs held in a nationwide case–control study in Iran
Authors: Hosseini Bayan , Olsson Ann , Bouaoun Liacine , Hall Amy , Hadji Maryam , Rashidian Hamideh , Naghibzadeh-Tahami Ahmad , Marzban Maryam , Najafi Farid , Haghdoost Ali Akbar , Boffetta Paolo , Kamangar Farin , Pukkala Eero , Etemadi Arash , Weiderpass Elisabete , Schüz Joachim , Zendehdel Kazem 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundGlobally, lung cancer is the most frequent occupational cancer, but the risk associated with the occupations or occupational environment in Iran is not clear. We aimed to assess occupations with the risk of lung cancer.MethodsWe used the IROPICAN nationwide case–control study data including 658 incident lung cancer cases and 3477 controls. We assessed the risk of lung cancer in relation to ever working in major groups of International Standard Classification of Occupations, high-risk occupations for lung cancer and duration of employment and lung cancer subtype among construction workers and farmers while controlling for cigarette smoking and opium consumption. We used unconditional regression logistic models to estimate ORs for the association between increased lung cancer risk and occupations.ResultsWe observed elevated ORs for lung cancer in male construction workers (OR=1.4; 95% CI: 1.0 to 1.8), petroleum industry workers (OR=3.2; 95% CI: 1.1 to 9.8), female farmers (OR=2.6; 95% CI: 1.3 to 5.3) and female bakers (OR=5.5; 95% CI: 1.0 to 29.8). A positive trend by the duration of employment was observed for male construction workers (p< 0.001). Increased risk of squamous cell carcinoma was observed in male construction workers (OR=1.9; 95% CI: 1.2 to 3.0) and female farmers (OR=4.3; 95% CI: 1.1 to 17.2), who also experienced an increased risk of adenocarcinoma (OR=3.8; 95% CI: 1.4 to 9.9).DiscussionAlthough we observed associations between some occupations and lung cancer consistent with the literature, further studies with larger samples focusing on exposures are needed to better understand the occupational lung cancer burden in Iran.
Factors associated with smoking behaviour changes during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan: a 6-month follow-up study
Authors: Yamamoto Takafumi , Abbas Hazem , Kanai Makiko , Yokoyama Tetsuji , Tabuchi Takahiro 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundSmoking behaviour may have changed due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the April 2020 revised smoke-free policy and the high prevalence of heated tobacco product (HTP) use in Japan (10.9% in 2020). This study examined the association between these three events and smoking behaviour changes using 6-month follow-up data from before and during the pandemic.MethodUsing longitudinal data from an internet survey conducted in February 2020 (baseline) and follow-up in August to September 2020, prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for smoking behaviour changes (increase and quit) were calculated using multivariable Poisson regression with adjustments for potential covariates including three event-related five factors: fear of COVID-19, living in a COVID-19 endemic area, workplace smoking rules, self-imposed smoking rules at home and type of tobacco use (cigarette only/HTP only/dual use). A smoker who reported an increase in smoking intensity in the last month was defined as an increase. A smoker who had stopped both cigarettes and HTPs at follow-up was defined as a quit.ResultsWe analysed 1810 tobacco users (1448 males (80%); mean age 50.8 years±13.2 SD). At baseline, 930 participants used cigarettes only, 293 HTPs only and 587 both. While 214 (11.8%) users increased smoking intensity, 259 (14.3%) quit both tobacco products. Those who feared COVID-19 were less likely to quit (PR=0.77, 95% CI 0.68 to 0.95), while living in a COVID-19 endemic area was not associated with either smoking behaviour change. Workplace smoking rules were not associated with either smoking behaviour change, but those with no home smoking ban were less likely to quit. Compared with cigarette-only users, HTP-only users were more likely to quit (PR=1.57, 95% CI 1.17 to 2.11), while dual users were more likely to increase smoking intensity (PR=1.35, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.79).ConclusionDuring the pandemic, dual cigarette and HTP use increased smoking intensity, whereas HTP-only use was associated with quitting but fear of COVID-19 and not having a home smoking ban made it harder to quit.
Light trajectory and shadow shape in the rotating naked singularity
Authors: Patel Vishva , Tahelyani Divya , Joshi Ashok B. , Dey Dipanjan , Joshi Pankaj S. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the light trajectories and shadow properties in the rotating version of null naked singularity (NNS) spacetime which is derived using the Newman–Janis algorithm without complexification method. We discuss some of the geometrical properties and causal structure of Rotating Naked Singularity (RNS) spacetime. The gravitational lensing in a rotating naked singularity is analyzed, and the results are compared to those of a Kerr black hole. In the case of a Kerr black hole, the photon sphere exists for both prograde and retrograde photon orbits, whereas for RNS, the photon sphere exists only for retrograde photon orbits. As a result, the naked singularity projects an arc-shaped shadow that differs from the contour-shaped shadow cast by a Kerr black hole.
Nocturnal Hypertension in Children With Chronic Kidney Disease Is Common and Associated With Progression to Kidney Replacement Therapy
Authors: Guzman-Limon Monica L. , Jiang Shuai , Ng Derek , Flynn Joseph T. , Warady Bradley , Furth Susan L. , Samuels Joshua A. ,   for the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children study*
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND:
Nocturnal hypertension is a risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression among adults. In children, effects of nocturnal hypertension on CKD progression is less studied.

METHODS:
We investigated the relationships between nocturnal, daytime, or sustained hypertension and progression to kidney replacement therapy in children using Cox proportional hazards models. Nocturnal and diurnal hypertension respectively defined as: mean blood pressure >95th percentile and/or load >25% for either systolic or diastolic blood pressure within sleep or wake periods.

RESULTS:

One thousand five hundred seventy-seven ambulatory blood pressure monitoring studies from 701 CKiD participants were reviewed. Nighttime, daytime, and both types of hypertension were 19%, 7%, and 33%, respectively. Participants with both daytime and nocturnal hypertension had the highest risk of kidney replacement therapy. Among children with CKD, compared with those who were normotensive, those with isolated nocturnal hypertension had a hazard ratio of 1.49 ([CI, 0.97–2.28];
P
=0.068) while those with both daytime and nocturnal hypertension had a HR of 2.23 ([CI, 1.60–3.11];
P
<0.001) when adjusted for age, race, sex, and baseline proteinuria and glomerular filtration. Estimates for risk were similar among glomerular and nonglomerular participants but not significant in glomerular due to smaller sample size.

CONCLUSIONS:
The presence of both daytime and nocturnal hypertension is significantly associated with risk of kidney replacement therapy. Our study confirms the utility of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in children with CKD. Identifying and controlling both daytime and nocturnal hypertension using ambulatory blood pressure monitoring may improve outcomes and delay CKD progression in this population.
Type-2 Diabetes and the Clinical Importance of Exaggerated Exercise Blood Pressure
Authors: Schultz Martin G. , Otahal Petr , Kovacevic Ann-Marie , Roberts-Thomson Philip , Stanton Tony , Hamilton-Craig Christian , Wahi Sudhir , La Gerche Andre , Hare James L. , Selvanayagam Joseph , Maiorana Andrew , Venn Alison J. , Marwick Thomas H. , Sharman James E. ,   on behalf of the Exercise Stress Test Collaboration (EXERTION) Investigators
Published: September 2022

Background:
Exaggerated exercise blood pressure (EEBP) during clinical exercise testing is associated with poor blood pressure (BP) control and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Type-2 diabetes (T2DM) is thought to be associated with increased prevalence of EEBP, but this has never been definitively determined and was the aim of this study.

Methods:
Clinical exercise test records were analyzed from 13 268 people (aged 53±13 years, 59% male) who completed the Bruce treadmill protocol (stages 1–4, and peak) at 4 Australian public hospitals. Records (including BP) were linked to administrative health datasets (hospital and emergency admissions) to define clinical characteristics and classify T2DM (n=1199) versus no T2DM (n=12 069). EEBP was defined as systolic BP ≥90th percentile at each test stage. Exercise BP was regressed on T2DM history and adjusted for CVD and risk factors.

Results:
Prevalence of EEBP (age, sex, preexercise BP, hypertension history, CVD history and aerobic capacity adjusted) was 12% to 51% greater in T2DM versus no T2DM (prevalence ratio [95% CI], stage 1, 1.12 [1.02–1.24]; stage 2, 1.51 [1.41–1.61]; stage 3, 1.25 [1.10–1.42]; peak, 1.18 [1.09–1.29]). At stages 1 to 3, 8.6% to 15.8% (4.8%–9.7% T2DM versus 3.5% to 6.1% no-T2DM) of people with ‘normal’ preexercise BP (<140/90 mm Hg) were identified with EEBP. Exercise systolic BP relative to aerobic capacity (stages 1–4 and peak) was higher in T2DM with adjustment for all CVD risk factors.

Conclusions:
People with T2DM have higher prevalence of EEBP and exercise systolic BP independent of CVD and many of its known risk factors. Clinicians supervising exercise testing should be alerted to increased likelihood of EEBP and thus poor BP control warranting follow-up care in people with T2DM.
A converging global research system
Authors: Adams Jonathan , Szomszor Martin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We examine the hypothesis that research collaboration has enabled a global research network to evolve, with self-organizing properties transcending national research policy. We examine research output, bilateral and multilateral collaboration, subject diversity, and citation impact over 40 years, in detail for the G7 and BRICK groups of countries and in summary for 26 other nations. We find that the rise in national output was strongly associated with bilateral collaboration until the 2000s but after that by multilateral partnerships, with the shift happening at much the same time across countries. There was a general increase in research subject diversity, with evenness across subjects converging on a similar index value for many countries. Similar diversity is not the same as actual similarity but, in fact, the G7 countries became increasingly similar. National average citation impact (CNCI) rose and groups converged on similar impact values. The impact of the largest economies is above world average, which is a phenomenon we discuss separately. The similarities in patterns and timing occur across countries despite variance in their research policies, such as research assessment. We suggest that the key agent facilitating global network self-organization is a shared concept of best practice in research.
Moving Closer to Village Tradition: Analysis of the Problem of “Dividing up Brigades and Teams” in the Early 1960s
Authors: Guo (郭心钢) Xingang 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
From the end of the 1950s to the early 1960s, the Party Central made positive adjustments to the people’s commune system. Each tier of the system was downsized. Existing scholarship has mainly provided macro-narratives or policy analyses of this episode of history from the perspective of political history or institutional history. Using archives on “dividing up brigades and teams” of the communes in Pucheng county in Shaanxi province, this article contends that, during the collectivization period, the state neglected the pre-existing environmental, social, economic, and cultural characteristics of villages, as well as the relationships among the villages, in the process of integrating them into larger units of collective production with a higher degree of public ownership, thus engendering new conflicts and ruptures in local society. During the process of “dividing up brigades and teams,” individuals and collectives used their legitimate rights of division to maximize their own interests, during which multiple forces were at play. To some extent, this led to a return to long-standing village traditions. These findings are crucial for us to understand the history of the adjustments in the people’s commune system and to reflect on the institution of agricultural collectives in the pre-Reform era.
Disproportionately Punished, Yet Still Neglected: Variation in Official Police Responses to American Indian/Alaska Native Offending and Victimization
Authors: Lantz Brendan , Ward Cole 
Published: September 2022

Objectives While a great deal of research has considered racial disparities in the criminal justice system, empirical research on the American Indian/Alaska Native (AIAN) population is still in its infancy. Instead, AIAN people are most often grouped in the “other race” category. In this research, we move beyond this categorization and advance research by considering differential handling of AIAN-involved violent crime. Methods We use 2016 NIBRS data—including information on 5,740 AIAN victims and 6,591 AIAN suspects—to examine variation in the likelihood of clearance by arrest and variation in these patterns according to victim race, offender race, and offense type. Results Results indicate that incidents involving AIAN suspects and White victims are especially likely to result in arrest, but incidents involving AIAN suspects and AIAN victims are less likely to result in arrest. AIAN sexual assault victimization is particularly unlikely to result in arrest. Conclusions The AIAN population is both disproportionately arrested when suspected of crime, and disproportionately neglected when victimized. If we wish to better understand the role of race in the criminal justice, it is imperative that we move beyond simple Black-White dichotomies, and begin centering attention on other marginalized populations, including the AIAN population, as well.
Evaluating the effect of online psychoeducational support group on perceived stress in family caregivers of COVID-19 survivors
Authors: Mirhosseini Seyedmohammad , Heshmati Nabavi Fatemeh , Behnam Vashani Hamidreza , Vaghee Saeed 
Published: September 2022

Introduction This study aimed to determine the effect of an online psychoeducational support group on the perceived stress of caregivers of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) survivors. Methods This randomized clinical trial included 70 caregivers of COVID-19 survivors discharged from Imam Reza Hospital in Mashhad, Iran in 2021. The intervention group received a psychoeducational support training program for stress management through six online group sessions (each 35–45 minutes) in a week. An expert psychiatric nurse provided this program on WhatsApp immediately after the patient’s discharge from the hospital. The participants completed the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14) before starting the intervention and 1 week after that. Data analysis was conducted by descriptive and inferential statistics, including Chi-square, Fisher’s exact test, independent, and paired t-test. Results Both groups were homogeneous in terms of demographic variables of survivors and caregivers. In terms of the PSS, there was no significant difference between the two groups before the intervention ( p=0.28). The pre- and post-intervention scores of PSS in the intervention group were 39.57 ± 5.89 and 35.48 ± 5.68, respectively, indicating a significant decrease (p<0.001). Also, the pre- and post-intervention differences between the intervention and control groups were −4.08 ± 3.52 and −0.11 ± 2.66, respectively, indicating a greater decrease in the total PSS of the intervention group ( p < 0.001). Conclusion The family caregivers of COVID-19 survivors suffered from psychological distress during their patient care. It is recommended to perform online psychoeducational support group interventions for these individuals based on psychological and educational support program.
Balint in the Animal World: Balint Groups for Veterinary Professionals
Authors: O’Marra Shana K , Romm Jillian S 
Published: September 2022

Objective Veterinary medical providers face many of the same stressors related to the therapeutic relationship that human medical providers face, and have reported high rates of emotional distress as an aspect of Veterinary practice. Balint Group work is relatively novel in Veterinary Medicine, and the Balint method has yet to be evaluated in the veterinary community. We hypothesized that applying the Balint method in veterinary medicine would be feasible and offer similar benefits to veterinary providers. Method The authors offered monthly in-person Balint groups, co-led by two American Balint Society trained leaders and evaluated feedback from Balint group attendees to determine the value and feasibility of adapting Balint groups from Human Medicine to veterinary professionals. Balint groups were offered to the veterinary community at a non-profit urban specialty and emergency hospital. During the pandemic, the group transitioned to an online format. All participants were sent an anonymous email survey to collect feedback about their experience. Results Monthly Balint Groups were offered to veterinary professionals, with traditional Balint structure and parameters and co-led by ABS trained leaders. Feedback was obtained, indicating that Balint Group discussions were helpful to Veterinarians. Conclusions Balint Groups are a useful tool for veterinary professionals and are likely to provide similar benefits to those enjoyed by human healthcare providers.
Scoping Review: Neurocognitive Outcome Assessments After Critical Illness in Children
Authors: Biagas Katherine V. , Heneghan Julia A. , Abu-Sultaneh Samer , Geneslaw Andrew S. , Maddux Aline B. , Pinto Neethi P. , Murphy Sarah A. , Shein Steven L. , Cronin Michael T. 
Published: September 2022

Objectives To map the literature regarding assessment of neurocognitive outcomes in PICU survivors. Secondary objectives were to identify literature gaps and to provide data for development of a Core Outcome Measures Set in the domain. Methods Planned, a priori analysis was performed of data from an over-all scoping review of Post-Intensive Care Syndrome-pediatrics (PICS-p) functional outcomes. English-language databases and registries from 1970 to 2017 were searched by a medical librarian to identify manuscripts reporting on Post Intensive Care Syndrome-pediatrics (PICS-p). Further, detailed data extraction for neurocognitive outcomes was performed focusing on study characteristics, instruments used, and populations. Results 114 instruments evaluated neurocognitive function in 183 manuscripts. 83% of manuscripts were published after 2000. Median of 3 (IQR 2-5) neurocognitive instruments per manuscript were reported. Wechsler Scales (45%), clinical neurologic evaluations (21%), Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category (20%), Bayley Scales of Infant Development (16%), and Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales (11%) were the most commonly used instruments. Median sample size was 65 (IQR 32-129) subjects. Most (63%) assessments were conducted in-person and parents/guardians (40%) provided the information. Patients with congenital heart disease and traumatic brain injury were most commonly evaluated (31% and 24% of manuscripts, respectively). Adolescents were the most commonly studied age group (34%). Baseline function was infrequently assessed (11% of manuscripts); most studies assessed patients at only one time point after PICU discharge. Within studies, neurocognitive assessments were often combined with others – especially social (18%) and physical (8%). Conclusions 183 manuscripts studied the neurocognitive domain of PICS-p. Studies were quantitative and tended to focus on populations with anticipated cognitive impairment. Considerable variability exists among the chosen 114 instruments used; however, 4 instruments were frequently chosen with focus on intelligence, cerebral functioning, and developmental and adaptive behavior. The literature is marked by lack of agreement on methodologies but reflects the burgeoning interest in studying PICS-p neurocognitive outcomes.
Study on preparation and performance of sulfonated polyaryl ether nitrile@Im-MOF-801 (SPEN@Im-MOF-801) composite proton exchange membrane
Authors: Meng Yawei , Sun Jichang , Li Zekun , Liu Quanyi 
Published: September 2022

Sulfonated polyaryl ether nitrile (SPEN) is some of the most viable novel materials to replace the Nafion membrane. To resolve the issue of proton conductivity in fuel cells with poor sulfonation degree polyaryl ether nitrile cell membranes. A metal-organic structure (MOF-801) was added as a filler, and imidazole was loaded by the MOF-801 structural skeleton via a chemical ligand to improve the SPEN’s proton conductivity. The expected chemical structure of im-MOF-801 and SPEN@Im-MOF-801 was confirmed by using FTIR and 1H NMR. Loading im-MOF-801 into SPEN resulted in SPEN@Im-MOF-801 composite proton exchange membranes. The impacts of the metal-organic framework on the performance of SPEN composite membranes were explored by assessing their mechanical characteristics, thermal stability, proton conductivity, and methanol permeability. The results show that the composite has outstanding thermal and mechanical stability. The tensile strength of membranes rose from 25.92 MPa to 39.34 MPa compared to the castings SPEN membrane, which was attributable to creating a hydrogen-bonding network between im-MOF-801 and SPEN, which boosted intermolecular forces. The carboxyl and hydroxyl groups in im-MOF-801 gave additional acceptors and donors that expanded the proton conductivity of SPEN, which was 16.19 ×10−2 S·cm−1 and expanded continuously, followed by a decrease with increasing temperature. Proton conductivity of SPEN@Im-MOF-801–3 and im-MOF-801–9 comes to 18.46 and 17.07 ×10−2 S·cm−1 at 80°C. Moreover, the methanol penetration of SPEN@Im-MOF-801 decreased reliably (from 5.32 to 1.02 ×10−7 S·cm−1 which was much lower than that of the Nafion film 21.87 ×10−7 S·cm−1). Subsequently, the most noteworthy selectivity of SPEN@Im-MOF-801–3 comes to 2.93×105 S·cm−3·s−1, which is approximately 8.9 times higher than that of Nafion (0.33×105 S·cm−3·s−1). The comes about demonstrates that these composites have potential applications in DMFCs.
Moral framing in health promotion: lessons from an Indonesian case study
Authors: Magrath Priscilla , Nichter Mark 
Published: September 2022

Objective: In this article we illuminate the important, yet typically underreported, role played by moral framing in public health messaging. We present case studies from West Java, Indonesia to demonstrate how moral framing is used to motivate health volunteers and to promote behavior change in line with government health policies. Methods: We used qualitative research including participant observation, job shadowing, interviews and focus groups with health promotion workers and community members. Findings were analyzed using thematic and discourse analysis. Results: We identified three moral frameworks typically used to encourage shifts in normative health practices in Indonesia: Islamic values, right to health, and evidence-based public health policy, represented as indicative of modernity. Health workers tailor these moral frameworks to audiences in their health promotion work. While the immediate goal is to meet health performance targets, the broader goal is to generate forms of health citizenship commensurate with Indonesia’s political environment of democratic decentralization. Conclusion and Lessons: COVID-19 presents an opportune moment for the public health community to reevaluate the power of moral framing in health messaging, and how it can be used both as a compelling means of establishing community norms toward the common good, as seen in our Indonesia case study, and also as a mechanism used by counterpublics to challenge these norms and appeal to alternative values and versions of reality.