bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kontrastmittelinduzierte Nierenfunktionsstörungen gemessen am Serumcystatin C
Authors: Vahed Farshad Moussazadeh , Trappe Hans-Joachim 
Published: February 2022

Zusammenfassung
Zusammenfassung
Die Bedeutung der kontrastmittelinduzierten Nierenfunktionsstörung (CIN) ist unklar. Diese prospektive Studie untersucht den Einfluss der Hypovolämie auf die Cystatin-C-Werte nach Kontrastmittelexposition im Rahmen einer Herzkatheteruntersuchung.

Patienten und Methoden
Insgesamt wurden 103 Patienten, davon 49 euvolämische und 54 hypovolämische (68,72 ± 12,36 Jahren, 63,10 % männlich) eingeschlossen. Der Volumenstatus wurde anhand ultraschallgestützter Bestimmung des Collapsibility Index der V. cava inferior bestimmt. Vor, am ersten und zweiten Tag nach der HKU wurden Cystatin-C-Werte bestimmt. Ein Anstieg um 10 % der Baseline wurde als CINB deklariert.

Ergebnisse
Bei 8 (16,33 %) euvolämen und 21 (38,89 %) hypovolämen Patienten erkrankten an einer CINB (p = 0,015). Das relative Risiko (RR) für eine CINB bei hypovolämen Patienten betrug 2,38 (95 %-KI = 1,163–4,877) (p = 0,015). Vorhofflimmern (VHF) war ebenfalls ein Risikofaktor für eine CINB: RR = 2,488 (95 %-KI = 1,373–4,508) (p = 0,003); OR = 6,606 (95 %-KI = 1,909–22,861). Patienten mit einem BMI > 30 kg/m2 hatten ein erhöhtes Risiko, an einer CINB zu erkranken: OR = 4,326 (95 %-KI = 1,281–14,602) (p = 0,018), RR = 2,166 (95 %-KI = 1,163–4,036) (p = 0,014). Patienten, die Schleifendiuretika einnahmen, ebenfalls ein erhöhtes Risiko für eine CINB: RR = 1,976 (95 %-KI = 1,056–3,699) (p = 0,033). Die chronische Herzinsuffizienz (CHF) war ein prädiktiver Faktor für die CINB: OR = 13,27 (95 %-KI = 1,453–121,199) (p = 0,018).

Schlussfolgerungen
Definiert man die akute Nierenfunktionsstörung anhand einer Serumcystatin-C-Erhöhung > 10 %, weisen hypovoläme Patienten ein erhöhtes Risiko für eine CINB nach Kontrastmittelexposition auf als euvoläme Patienten. Zudem sind VHF, die CHF und die Einnahme von Diuretika mit einem erhöhten Risiko für ein CINB assoziiert.
Therapeutische Nanobodies gegen SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Güttler Thomas , Dobbelstein Matthias , Görlich Dirk 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMonoclonal immunoglobulins are widely successful as therapeutics and have also been effective in treating COVID-19. However, their production in mammalian cells is expensive and cannot be scaled to meet the demand in a global pandemic. Camelid VHH antibodies (also called nanobodies), however, can be manufactured cost-efficiently in bacteria or yeast. Here we highlight our progress in developing nanobodies that effectively neutralize SARS-CoV-2 and its variants.
Überlebenswichtig: Glutaminsynthetasehomologe Proteine in Streptomyceten
Authors: Krysenko Sergii , Wohlleben Wolfgang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractStreptomycetes have to cope with fluctuating nitrogen conditions in soil. Key enzymes in nitrogen metabolism in streptomycetes are the two glutamine synthetases (GSs), GlnA and GlnII. We demonstrated that GlnA3 and GlnA4, proteins previously annotated as GSs, are involved in utilization and detoxification of polyamines and ethanolamine. Homologs of these enzymes are present in pathogenic Actinobacteria and are promising drug targets. We designed a novel strategy for development of anti-tubercular antibiotics based on the inhibition of GlnA3.
Vom Bierbrauen zur Forschung im 21. Jahrhundert
Authors: Westermann Benedikt , Klecker Till 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBaker’s yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been used in the production of food and alcoholic beverages since ancient times. In the last century it emerged as a leading model organism for studying molecular processes in eukaryotic cells, and it still is a very powerful experimental system in 21st century biology. The remarkable features of this unicellular fungus made its astonishing journey from the brewery and bakery to the research laboratory possible.
Einsatz von Elektroimpulsen für die Biotechnologie von Mikroalgen
Authors: Frey Wolfgang , Nick Peter 
Published: February 2022

AbstractElectroporation is used to extract cells without the need for solvents. However, electrical fields can also be used to deploy biological signalling. Using microalgae as paradigm, we show the potential of electro-modulation for biotechnology. In Haematococcus, metabolic genes astaxanthin synthesis can be triggered. Likewise, electrical triggering of programmed cell death support energy-efficient, mild, and clean purification of Chlorella proteins for applications in food industry.
Entwicklung von Ustilago als Chassis für die CO2-neutrale Itakonatproduktion
Authors: Ullmann Lena , Blank Lars M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe family Ustilaginaceae attracted attention in the field of industrial biotechnology, featuring a versatile product spectrum comprising organic acids (e. g., itaconate), polyols (e. g., erythritol), and extracellular glycolipids. This study focusses on establishing an Ustilago biocatalysts to (co-) consume the CO2-derived substrates acetate and formate, potentially contributing toward a carbon-neutral itaconate production.
SLC23-Nukleobasentransport entschlüsselt
Authors: Holzhüter Katharina , Geertsma Eric. R. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSLC23 family members transport either nucleobases or vitamin C. While the structure of SLC23 nucleobase transporters is resolved in high detail, their transport mechanism is not: they have been proposed, but not formally shown, to be proton-coupled symporters. Here, by establishing the first in vitro transport assay for this protein family, we demonstrate that a representative member of the SLC23 nucleobase transporters operates as a uniporter instead.
Eintauchen in die Sprache der Pilze
Authors: Rosenkranz Maaria , Schnitzler Jörg-Peter 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFungi produce a wide variety of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), chemical cues with central roles in mediating interspecific interactions. Here we present a platform consisting of 14 cuvettes and 2 types of mass spectrometers, that allows for the first time automated, real-time analysis of various microbial VOCs. We used this platform to comprehensively analyze the VOCs of 43 fungal species. The further computational analyses reveal fundamental links between VOCs and ecological functions of fungi.
Kurzübersicht des SARS-Coronavirus-2-Vermehrungszyklus
Authors: Bartenschlager Ralf 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a pandemic with major impact on human society, the economy, and our daily life. SARS-CoV-2 is a plus-strand RNA virus causing death of infected cells and an inflammation-dominated immune response. Replication of the virus occurs in the cytoplasm in distinct membranous compartments designated replication organelles, providing a shielded environment for synthesis of viral RNAs. Here, I will briefly summarize key aspects of the SARS-CoV-2 replication cycle.
Atomare Einblicke in die Dynamik der Membransysteme und der Biokatalyse
Authors: Etzkorn Manuel 
Published: February 2022

AbstractStructural biology is targeting increasingly complex systems. Emerging fields such as cellular structural biology consequently apply integrative approaches that combine the strengths of different techniques. In this setting it is of fundamental importance that the applied methods focus on their inherent strengths. The unique features of nuclear-magnetic-resonance (NMR) spectroscopy can play a valuable role in this endeavor. In this article, our research focusing on NMR-method development, tailored to the need of modern structural biology, is outlined.
Wie sich COVID-19 in der 3D-Zellkultur simulieren lässt
Authors: Wilflingseder Doris , Posch Wilfried 
Published: February 2022

AbstractExcessive inflammation triggered by a hitherto undescribed mechanism is a hallmark of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection and is associated with enhanced pathogenicity and mortality. Complement hyper activation promotes lung injury and was observed in patients suffering from MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 infections. To evaluate the very first interactions of SARS-CoV-2 patient isolates with human epithelial tissues, 3D models of the human respiratory tract as well as lung organoids are highly suitable.
Lateral cystic neck masses in adults: a ten-year series and comparative analysis of diagnostic modalities
Authors: Jones G H , Chudek D , Davies K , Upile N , Kinshuck A , Triantafyllou A , Fleming J C , Roland N J 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn adults, the solitary lateral cystic neck mass remains a diagnostic challenge with little solid material to target for cytology and few clues on imaging modalities to suggest underlying malignancy.MethodThis study was a retrospective review of patients presenting with a lateral cystic neck mass to a tertiary academic head and neck centre over a 10-year period.ResultsA total of 25 of 157 cystic lesions were subsequently malignant on paraffin section histopathology, with the youngest patient being 42 years. In the age cohort over 40 years, 30 per cent of males and 10 per cent of females were diagnosed with malignancy. The ipsilateral palatine tonsil was the most common primary site (50 per cent). A total of 85 per cent of cases demonstrated integrated human papillomavirus infection. Age, male sex and alcohol were significant risk factors on univariate analysis. Ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration cytology and magnetic resonance imaging represented the most accurate pre-open biopsy tests.ConclusionThe authors of this study advocate for a risk-stratified, evidence-based workup in patients with solitary lateral cystic neck mass in order to optimise timely diagnosis.
Intergenerational effects of early-life health shocks during the Chinese 1959–1961 famine
Authors: Xie Donghong , Zhu Zhisheng 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA large literature has examined early-life insult and later-life health outcomes. However, whether early-life exposure might persist into the outcomes of future generations remains unclear. Using data from the China Family Panel Studies, this study examines the intergenerational effects of early-life health shocks during the great famine in China, distinguishes the intergenerational effects of in utero and early-life famine exposure, and estimates whether there is a sex-specific transgenerational response. Difference-in-difference results show that first-generation male in utero famine exposure (1959–1961) is associated with a series of health and economic disadvantages in the second generation, compared with the unexposed post-famine-born cohort (1964–1965) in China. The effect persists in the third generation but attenuates, and there is no same-sex transgenerational response. These findings may suggest a novel source of multigenerational persistence in health and economic poverty and may point to a need to consider evidence of transgenerational mechanisms.
A Comparison of Processing Methods for the Oklahoma Lightning Mapping Array
Authors: Chmielewski V. C. , Blair J. , Kennedy D. , MacGorman D. , Calhoun K. M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe Oklahoma Lightning Mapping Array (OKLMA) has consisted of 17 Very High Frequency (VHF) sensors in two separate clusters separated by roughly 150 km since 2012. This large footprint of sensors is expected to benefit the spatial coverage, sensitivity and accuracy of the network (e.g., Chmielewski & Bruning, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016jd025159; Koshak et al., 2018, https://doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-17-0041.1). The unique configuration of sensors facilitates the evaluation of treating the two clusters as a single, unified network. Network operators may wish to do this when processing networks in close proximity or for temporary network extensions during field projects. The 0000–0600 UTC period on 16 June 2019 included millions of VHF sources and thousands of flashes from isolated storms and a mesoscale convective system. The 0300–0700 UTC period on 12 June 2019 contained a single storm of interest proceeding scattered activity. The VHF solutions and their grouped flashes from the unified OKLMA network are compared to those generated from the combination of the two clusters each operating as separate, independent networks. The unified network processing not only required the substantially longer processing time, but also resulted in lower sensitivity and more noise, suggesting that the theoretical model of high accuracy and sensitivity with a large LMA footprint may not apply to this configuration. Additionally, relatively few (<10%) of the VHF sources observed by a single cluster of sensors matched a VHF source observed by the opposite cluster, suggesting that the sources mapped by each cluster of sensors were most often unique.
Observation‐Constrained Multicycle Dynamic Models of the Southern San Andreas and the Northern San Jacinto Faults: Addressing Complexity in Paleoearthquake Extent and Recurrence With Realistic 2D Fault Geometry
Authors: Liu Dunyu , Duan Benchun , Scharer Katherine , Yule Doug 
Published: February 2022

AbstractUnderstanding mechanical conditions that lead to complexity in earthquakes is important to seismic hazard analysis. In this study, we simulate physics‐based multicycle dynamic models of the San Andreas fault (Carrizo through San Bernardino sections) and the San Jacinto fault (Claremont and Clark strands). We focus on a complex fault geometry based on the Southern California Earthquake Center Community Fault Model and its effect over multiple earthquake cycles. Using geodetically derived strain rates, we validate the models against geologic slip rates and recurrence intervals at various paleoseismic sites. We find that the interactions among fault geometry, dynamic rupture and interseismic stress accumulation produce stress heterogeneities, leading to rupture segmentation and variability in earthquake recurrence. Our models produce earthquakes with rupture extents similar to a recent comprehensive paleoseismic catalog. The “earthquake gates” of the Big Bend and the Cajon Pass occasionally impede dynamic ruptures. The angle of compression, which is the subtraction of the maximum shear strain rate direction from the local fault strike, can better determine the likelihood of the impedance of restraining bends to dynamic ruptures. Because the Big Bend has an angle of compression of ∼20°, ruptures that traverse the Big Bend, like the 1857 Fort Tejon earthquake, are more frequent than expected based on empirical relations which predict the ∼40° restraining bend to terminate most ruptures. Our models indicate that large ruptures tend to initiate north of the Big Bend and propagate southwards, similar to the 1857 earthquake, providing critical information for ground shaking assessment in the region.
Coherent Lagrangian Pathways Near an East Alboran Front
Authors: Capó Esther , McWilliams James C. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn the eastern Alboran Sea, frontogenesis (FG) is a dominant process for fronts extending from the Spanish coast toward the basin interior, promoting large vertical displacements that connect the surface mixed layer with the oceanic interior. Using a realistic, high‐resolution model simulation for this region, we conduct the offline advection of virtual water parcels released near the surface during a 2‐day episode of intense FG. Three‐dimensional trajectories exhibit high variability depending on the release location, and some large, rapid vertical displacements are induced by different coherent submesoscale flow patterns and by interactions among them: Ageostrophic secondary circulation associated with strain‐ and mixing‐induced FG and internal waves generated by currents over topography. These deep displacements mostly are irreversible, at least on a short time scale, because of the rapidly changing flow patterns. Significant diapycnal mixing and density changes occur along trajectories as they pass through the surface and bottom boundary layers. While we expect these processes to be typical for this region, the computational expense of such a Lagrangian analysis and the complexity of its outcome present a considerable challenge for more comprehensive assessments.
Retrieval of Surface Spectral Emissivity in Polar Regions Based on the Optimal Estimation Method
Authors: Xie Yan , Huang Xianglei , Chen Xiuhong , L’Ecuyer Tristan S. , Drouin Brian J. , Wang Jun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSurface spectral emissivity plays an important role in the polar radiation budget. The significance of surface emissivity in the far‐infrared (far‐IR) has been recognized by recent studies, yet there have been no observations to constrain far‐IR surface spectral emissivity over the entire polar regions. In preparation for the Polar Radiant Energy in the Far‐InfraRed Experiment (PREFIRE) mission, this study develops and assesses an optimal estimation‐based retrieval algorithm to estimate both mid‐IR and far‐IR polar surface emissivity from the future PREFIRE measurements. Synthetic PREFIRE spectra are simulated by feeding the ERA5 reanalysis and a global surface emissivity data set to a radiative transfer model. Information content analysis indicates that the far‐IR surface emissivity retrievals can be more influenced by the atmospheric water vapor abundance than the mid‐IR counterparts. When the total column water vapor is above 1 cm, the far‐IR surface emissivity retrievals largely rely on the a priori constraints. Performance of the optimal‐estimation algorithm is assessed using 960 synthetic PREFIRE clear‐sky radiance spectra over the Arctic. The results based on current best estimate of instrument performance show that all retrievals converge within 15 iterations, the retrieved surface spectral emissivity has a mean bias within ±0.01 and a root‐mean‐square error less than 0.024. The far‐IR surface emissivity retrievals are much more affected by the a priori choice than the mid‐IR ones. A properly constructed a priori covariance can also help to improve the computational efficiency. Influences of other factors for future operational retrievals are also discussed.
Thermal Conductivity and Compressional Velocity of Methane at High Pressure: Insights Into Thermal Transport Properties of Icy Planet Interiors
Authors: Meyer Dylan W. , Hsieh Wen‐Pin , Hsu Han , Kuo Ching‐Yi , Lin Jung‐Fu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMethane is a primary component of the “ice” layers in icy bodies whose thermal transport properties and velocity‐density profiles are essential to understanding their unique geodynamic and physiochemical phenomena. We present experimental measurements of methane's thermal conductivity and compressional velocity to 25.1 and 45.1 GPa, respectively, at room temperature, and theoretical calculations of its equation of state, velocity, and heat capacity up to 100 GPa and 1200 K. Overall, these properties change smoothly with pressure and are generally unaffected by the imposed atomic structure; though we observe a discrete spike in conductivity near the I‐A phase boundary. We cross‐plot the thermal conductivity and compressional velocity with density for the primary “ice” constituents (methane, water, and ammonia) and find that methane and water are the upper and lower bounds, respectively, of conductivity and velocity in these systems. These physical properties provide critical insights that advance the modeling of thermo‐chemical structures and dynamics within icy bodies.
Evolution of Rift Systems and Their Fault Networks in Response to Surface Processes
Authors: Neuharth Derek , Brune Sascha , Wrona Thilo , Glerum Anne , Braun Jean , Yuan Xiaoping 
Published: February 2022

AbstractContinental rifting is responsible for the generation of major sedimentary basins, both during rift inception and during the formation of rifted continental margins. Geophysical and field studies revealed that rifts feature complex networks of normal faults but the factors controlling fault network properties and their evolution are still matter of debate. Here, we employ high‐resolution 2D geodynamic models (ASPECT) including two‐way coupling to a surface processes (SP) code (FastScape) to conduct 12 models of major rift types that are exposed to various degrees of erosion and sedimentation. We further present a novel quantitative fault analysis toolbox (Fatbox), which allows us to isolate fault growth patterns, the number of faults, and their length and displacement throughout rift history. Our analysis reveals that rift fault networks may evolve through five major phases: (a) distributed deformation and coalescence, (b) fault system growth, (c) fault system decline and basinward localization, (d) rift migration, and (e) breakup. These phases can be correlated to distinct rifted margin domains. Models of asymmetric rifting suggest rift migration is facilitated through both ductile and brittle deformation within a weak exhumation channel that rotates subhorizontally and remains active at low angles. In sedimentation‐starved settings, this channel satisfies the conditions for serpentinization. We find that SP are not only able to enhance strain localization and to increase fault longevity but that they also reduce the total length of the fault system, prolong rift phases and delay continental breakup.
Glycation damage to organelles and their DNA increases during maize seedling development
Authors: Tripathi Diwaker , Oldenburg Delene J. , Bendich Arnold J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractShoot development in maize begins when meristematic, non-pigmented cells at leaf base stop dividing and proceeds toward the expanded green cells of the leaf blade. During this transition, promitochondria and proplastids develop into mature organelles and their DNA becomes fragmented. Changes in glycation damage during organelle development were measured for protein and DNA, as well as the glycating agent methyl glyoxal and the glycation-defense protein DJ-1 (known as Park7 in humans). Maize seedlings were grown under normal, non-stressful conditions. Nonetheless, we found that glycation damage, as well as defenses against glycation, follow the same developmental pattern we found previously for reactive oxygen species (ROS): as damage increases, damage-defense measures decrease. In addition, light-grown leaves had more glycation and less DJ-1 compared to dark-grown leaves. The demise of maize organellar DNA during development may therefore be attributed to both oxidative and glycation damage that is not repaired. The coordination between oxidative and glycation damage, as well as damage-response from the nucleus is also discussed.
Universality of ultrasonic attenuation coefficient of amorphous systems at low temperatures
Authors: Shukla Pragya 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe competition between unretarded dispersion interactions between molecules prevailing at medium range order length scales and their phonon induced coupling at larger scales leads to appearance of nano-scale sub structures in amorphous systems. The complexity of intermolecular interactions gives rise to randomization of their operators. Based on a random matrix modelling of the Hamiltonian and its linear response to an external strain field, we show that the ultrasonic attenuation coefficient can be expressed as a ratio of two crucial length-scales related to molecular dynamics. A nearly constant value of the ratio for a wide range of materials then provides a theoretical explanation of the experimentally observed qualitative universality of the ultrasonic attenuation coefficient at low temperatures.