bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LsNRL4 enhances photosynthesis and decreases leaf angles in lettuce
Authors: An Guanghui , Qi Yetong , Zhang Weiyi , Gao Hairong , Qian Jinlong , Larkin Robert M. , Chen Jiongjiong , Kuang Hanhui 
Published: June 2022

SummaryLettuce (Lactuca sativa) is one of the most important vegetables worldwide and an ideal plant for producing protein drugs. Both well‐functioning chloroplasts that perform robust photosynthesis and small leaf angles that enable dense planting are essential for high yields. In this study, we used an F2 population derived from a cross between a lettuce cultivar with pale‐green leaves and large leaf angles to a cultivar with dark‐green leaves and small leaf angles to clone LsNRL4, which encodes an NPH3/RPT2‐Like (NRL) protein. Unlike other NRL proteins in lettuce, the LsNRL4 lacks the BTB domain. Knockout mutants engineered using CRISPR/Cas9 and transgenic lines overexpressing LsNRL4 verified that LsNRL4 contributes to chloroplast development, photosynthesis and leaf angle. The LsNRL4 gene was not present in the parent with pale‐green leaves and enlarged leaf angles. Loss of LsNRL4 results in the enlargement of chloroplasts, decreases in the amount of cellular space allocated to chloroplasts and defects in secondary cell wall biosynthesis in lamina joints. Overexpressing LsNRL4 significantly improved photosynthesis and decreased leaf angles. Indeed, the plant architecture of the overexpressing lines is ideal for dense planting. In summary, we identified a novel NRL gene that enhances photosynthesis and influences plant architecture. Our study provides new approaches for the breeding of lettuce that can be grown in dense planting in the open field or in modern plant factories. LsNRL4 homologues may also be used in other crops to increase photosynthesis and improve plant architecture.
Toward servitization: Optimal design of uptime‐guarantee maintenance contracts
Authors: Hezarkhani Behzad , Nagarajan Mahesh , Tong Chunyang 
Published: June 2022

This paper analyzes the contracting of maintenance services provided by an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) to an operator for a device. The service provider can exert different levels of maintenance effort during the course of the contract and the device's reliability (uptime) is influenced by these levels. However, the service provider's effort level is noncontractible. Our research seeks to find the optimal structures, as well as parameters, of performance‐based maintenance contracts. We single out a unique uptime‐guarantee contract structure that contains profit‐maximizing contracts in many situations. Complete servitization is the essence of such optimal contract structures. With this contract structure, the service provider simply guarantees 100% uptime and compensates the operator's for any occurred downtime at a higher unit rate than it charges for maintenance services. Our findings show that some of the well‐known performance‐based contract structures used in practice (e.g., pay‐for‐performance contracts) can be suboptimal for the OEMs. We incorporate the customer's ability to affect the uptime and show that the optimal contract structures can also coordinate the customer's effort. We demonstrate the advantages and limitations of offering menus of contracts to increase the service provider's expected profits. Finally, through simulations using a sample data set, we find that a contract designed using the key ideas in our paper shows very promising results for practitioners.
Effects of online reviews and competition on quality and pricing strategies
Authors: Zhao Cui , Wang Xiaojun , Xiao Yongbo , Sheng Jie 
Published: June 2022

By providing useful product information from the perspective of other buyers, online product/service reviews can help customers better evaluate the true quality of products and judge whether a product is a good fit for them. Based on online reviews, firms may improve product quality and/or adjust selling price to compete with other firms. In this study, we investigate the effects of online reviews on product quality and pricing decisions in a duopoly market that consists of two competing firms. Specifically, we consider a stylized two‐period model and study the equilibrium decisions based on a Nash game framework. In the base scenario, the selling prices are exogenously given, and the firms decide on the product quality across two periods to optimize their respective profits. We study the equilibrium decisions in the static setting (in which the product quality remains the same across the two periods) and in the dynamic setting (in which the product quality can be improved in the second period), respectively. In the extended scenario, the selling prices can be endogenously determined as well. For each scenario, we compare the equilibrium decisions under dynamic competition with those under static competition through theoretical analysis and numerical experiments, which uncover some interesting managerial insights regarding the impact of online reviews under competition.
Modeling scenarios for ending poliovirus transmission in Pakistan and Afghanistan
Authors: Kalkowska Dominika A. , Badizadegan Kamran , Thompson Kimberly M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPakistan and Afghanistan pose risks for international transmission of polioviruses as the last global reservoir for wild poliovirus type 1 (WPV1) and a reservoir for type 2 circulating vaccine‐derived polioviruses (cVDPV2s). Widespread transmission of WPV1 and cVDPV2 in 2019–2020 and resumption of intensive supplemental immunization activities (SIAs) in 2020–2021 using oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) led to decreased transmission of WPV1 and cVDPV2 as of the end of 2021. Using an established dynamic disease transmission model, we explore multiple bounding scenarios with varying intensities of SIAs using bivalent OPV (bOPV) and/or trivalent tOPV (tOPV) to characterize potential die out of transmission. This analysis demonstrates potential sets of actions that may lead to elimination of poliovirus transmission in Pakistan and/or Afghanistan. Some modeled scenarios suggest that Pakistan and Afghanistan could increase population immunity to levels high enough to eliminate transmission, and if maintained, achieve WPV1 and cVDPV2 elimination as early as 2022. This requires intensive and proactive OPV SIAs to prevent transmission, instead of surveillance followed by reactive outbreak response. The reduction of cases observed in 2021 may lead to a false sense of security that polio has already or soon will die out on its own, but relaxation of immunization activities runs the risk of lowering population immunity to, or below, the minimum die‐out threshold such that transmission continues. Transmission modeling may play a key role in managing expectations and supporting future modeling about the confidence of no virus circulation in anticipation of global certification decisions.
Discovery of a DFR gene that controls anthocyanin accumulation in the spiny Solanum group: roles of a natural promoter variant and alternative splicing
Authors: Wang Xing , Chen Xueping , Luo Shuangxia , Ma Wei , Li Na , Zhang Weiwei , Tikunov Yury , Xuan Shuxin , Zhao Jianjun , Wang Yanhua , Zheng Gengdi , Yu Ping , Bai Yuling , Bovy Arnaud , Shen Shuxing 
Published: June 2022

SUMMARYAnthocyanins are important pigments that impart color in plants. In Solanum, different species display various fruit or flower colors due to varying degrees of anthocyanin accumulation. Here we identified two anthocyanin‐free mutants from an ethylmethane sulfonate‐induced mutant library and naturally occurring mutants in Solanum melongena, with mutations in the 5′ splicing site of the second intron of dihydroflavonol‐4‐reductase (DFR) – leading to altered splicing. Further study revealed that alternative splicing of the second intron was closely related to anthocyanin accumulation in 17 accessions from three cultivated species: S. melongena, Solanum macrocarpon and Solanum aethiopicum, and their wild related species. Analysis of natural variations of DFR, using an expanded population including 282 accessions belonging to the spiny Solanum group, identified a single‐nucleotide polymorphism in the MYB recognition site in the promoter region, which causes differential expression of DFR and affects anthocyanin accumulation in fruits of the detected accessions. Our study suggests that, owing to years of domestication, the natural variation in the DFR promoter region and the alternative splicing of the DFR gene account for altered anthocyanin accumulation during spiny Solanum domestication.
The U.S. Armed Services Blood Program support to U.S. Central Command 2014–2021: Transformation of combat trauma resuscitation through blood product innovation and expansion of blood availability far forward
Authors: Taylor Audra L. , Corley Jason B. , Cap Andrew P. , Swingholm Matthew T. , Nance Erika T. , Gonzales Richard , Gurney Jennifer M. , Shackelford Stacey , Hebert Jeffrey C. , Hughes Jessica D. , Royster Karen , Hestilow George A. , Cordrick Colleen L. , Hoiles Jonathan , Whitlock Kathleen , Whitacre Robin , Pederson Becky 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe United States Armed Services Blood Program (ASBP) faced complex blood supply challenges during two decades of military operations in the U.S. Central Command (CENTCOM) and through an adaptive, responsive, and agile system, gained valuable insights on blood product usage in combat casualty care.Study Design and MethodsA retrospective review of blood product introduction and utilization trends was compiled from ASBP data collected during CENTCOM operations from 2014 through 2021.ResultsDuring the study period, several blood products were introduced to the CENTCOM area of operations including Low Titer O Whole Blood (LTOWB), Cold‐Stored Platelets (CSP), Liquid Plasma (LP), and French Freeze Dried Plasma (FDP) manufactured from U.S. sourced donor plasma, all while expanding Walking Blood Bank capabilities. There was a gradual substitution of component therapy for whole blood; blood utilization peaked in 2017. Transfusion of Fresh Whole Blood (FWB) from Walking Blood Banks decreased as fully pre‐tested LTOWB was supplied by the ASBP. LTOWB was initially supplied in citrate–phosphate‐dextrose (CPD) anticoagulant (21‐day shelf life) but was largely replaced with LTOWB in citrate–phosphate‐dextrose‐adenine (CPDA‐1) anticoagulant (35‐day shelf life) by 2019. Implementation of prehospital transfusion and expansion of surgical and resuscitation teams led to an increase in the number of sites receiving blood.DiscussionASBP introduced new products to its inventory in order to meet changing blood product demands driven by changes in the Joint Trauma System Clinical Practice Guidelines and operational demands. These products were adopted into clinical practice with a resultant evolution in transfusion strategies.
Trauma‐induced hypocalcemia
Authors: DeBot Margot , Sauaia Angela , Schaid Terry , Moore Ernest E. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundTrauma‐induced hypocalcemia is an underappreciated complication of severe injury but is well known to result in the derangement of an array of physiological regulatory mechanisms. Existing literature provides a compelling link between hypocalcemia and worse trauma‐induced coagulopathy and increased mortality after injury.Study Design and MethodsThis narrative review evaluates available data related to the risk factors, mechanisms, and treatment of hypocalcemia after severe injury. The authors did not perform a systemic review or meta‐analysis.Results and DiscussionThe interplay of acidosis, hypothermia, and coagulopathy with hypocalcemia potentiates the bloody vicious cycle of hemorrhagic shock which has been the paradigm of trauma resuscitation for over half a century. However, current screening and treatment of postinjury hypocalcemia are relegated to a secondary consideration in trauma resuscitation. We conclude calcium supplementation should be a primary tier intervention for life‐threatening injury.
Compensatory reserve and pulse character: Enhanced potential to predict urgency for transfusion and other life‐saving interventions after traumatic injury
Authors: Ciaraglia Angelo V. , Convertino Victor A. , Johnson Michael C. , DeRosa Mark , Nicholson Susannah E. , Eastridge Brian J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundField triage of trauma patients requires timely assessment of physiologic status to determine resuscitative needs. Vital signs and rudimentary assessments such as pulse character (PC) are used by first responders to guide decision making. The compensatory reserve measurement (CRM) has demonstrated utility as an easily interpretable method for assessing patient status. We hypothesized that the ability to identify injured patients requiring transfusion and other life‐saving interventions (LSI) using a measurement of pulse character could be enhanced by the addition of the CRM.MethodsWe performed a prospective observational study on 300 trauma patients admitted to a level I trauma center. CRM was recorded continuously after device placement on arrival. Patient demographics, field and trauma resuscitation unit vital signs, therapeutic interventions, and outcomes were collected. A field SBP <100 mmHg was utilized as a surrogate for abnormal PC as previously validated. A patient with a CRM threshold value of <60% was considered clinically compromised with a risk of onset of decompensated shock. Data were analyzed to assess the capacity of CRM and pulse character separately or in combination to predict LSI defined as need for transfusion, intubation, tube thoracostomy, or operative/ angiographic hemorrhage control.ResultsAn improvement in the predictive capability for LSI, transfusion, or a composite outcome was demonstrated by the combination of CRM and PC compared to either measure alone.ConclusionsCombining PC assessment with CRM has the potential to enhance the recognition of injured patients requiring life‐saving intervention thus improving sensitivity of decision support for prehospital providers.
Joining of Metal–Plastic Composite Layered Tubes by Hydroformed Threaded Coupling
Authors: Han Sang Wook , Kim Daeyong , Abolhasani Daniyal , VanTyne Chester J. , Moon Young Hoon 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Metal–plastic composite tubular structures that combine the high strength and stiffness of metallic tubes with the lightweight and flexible properties of plastic tubes, exhibit considerable potential to provide lightweight structures with improved performance compared to conventional monolithic tubular parts. However, the lack of well-confirmed technologies for connecting metal–plastic composite tubes that can ensure good structural stability and strength has proven problematic in actual applications. In this study, an innovative mechanical joining process via a hydroformed threaded coupling is proposed to achieve the successful joining of a metal–plastic composite layered tube (CLT). For the threaded connection, the CLT with an internal thread to act as a sleeve and the coupling tube with an external thread to act as a screw were joined together. A three-layer CLT composed of AISI 304 stainless steel/polyvinyl chloride (PVC)/AISI 304 stainless steel was investigated by free bulging and thread hydroforming. For successful forming into a threaded CLT, the optimal loading path was designed using analytical forming pressure and numerical contracting stroke. The mechanical tests based on compression and lateral three-point bending tests provided several key indicators for the quantitative performance of the thread-coupled parts. The reliability and applicability of the threaded coupling confirmed that the proposed joining process has strong potential for successful utilization in connecting metal–plastic composite tubes for structural applications.
A Test for Product Design Features Perceived as Sustainable to Drive Online Purchasing Decisions
Authors: El Dehaibi Nasreddine , Herrera Aiyanna , Rattanakongkham Disney , MacDonald Erin F. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Designers are challenged to create sustainable products that succeed in the marketplace, often relying on life cycle analyses to identify engineered sustainable features while neglecting perceived-as-sustainable (PAS) features. PAS features may not contribute to engineered sustainability but are identified by customers as sustainable. In previous papers, we proposed methods for extracting PAS features from online reviews using machine learning techniques and validating them using collage placement techniques. We demonstrated our methods using French presses (and other products). In this paper, we combined design and marketing approaches to test previously extracted PAS features in terms of purchasing products that include PAS features, as compared to others that do not. We built a simulated Amazon shopping experience using incentive alignment and constructed a within-subject, fractional factorial design with a variety of product features and physical appearances. We collected data on purchase intent, willingness to pay, and sustainability rating. We found that participants opted to purchase products with PAS features more often than products with features that are not PAS, termed “dummy” features. Participants also indicated they were willing to pay more for products with PAS features and rated those products as more sustainable, despite the features not contributing to engineered sustainability. Our findings demonstrate the potential value of identifying and including PAS features in sustainable products and a new application for shopping simulation experiments in design research. We recommend that sustainable designers include both engineered and PAS features in sustainable products to align with customer needs, drive purchasing decisions, and potentially increase profitability.
What Is the Relationship Between Psychological Safety and Team Productivity and Effectiveness During Concept Development? An Exploration in Engineering Design Education
Authors: Cole Courtney , Marhefka Jacqueline , Jablokow Kathryn , Mohammed Susan , Ritter Sarah , Miller Scarlett 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
While psychological safety is a consistent, generalizable, and multilevel predictor of outcomes in team performance across fields that can positively impact the creative process, there have been limited investigations of psychological safety in the engineering domain. Without this knowledge, we do not know whether fostering psychological safety in a team environment is important for specific engineering design outputs from concept generation and screening practices. This study provides one of the first attempts at addressing this research gap through an empirical study with 69 engineering design student teams over the course of 4- and 8-week design projects. Specifically, we sought to identify the role of psychological safety on the number and quality (judged by goodness) of ideas generated. In addition, we explored the role of psychological safety on ownership bias and goodness in the concept screening process. The results of the study identified that while psychological safety was negatively related to the number of ideas a team developed, it was positively related to the quality (goodness) of the ideas developed. This result indicates that while psychological safety may not increase team productivity in terms of the number of ideas produced, it may impact team effectiveness in coming up with viable candidate ideas to move forward in the design process. In addition, there was no relationship between psychological safety and ownership bias during concept screening. These findings provide quantitative evidence on the role of psychological safety on engineering team idea production and identify areas for further study.
The 180-km-long Meers-Willow fault system in the Southern Oklahoma Aulacogen: A potential U.S. mid-continent seismic hazard
Authors: Chase Brandon F. , Kolawole Folarin , Atekwana Estella A. , Carpenter Brett M. , Turko Molly , Abdelsalam Mohamed , Finn Carol 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe integrate new high-resolution aeromagnetic data with seismic reflection data, well logs, satellite remote sensing, and field observations to provide a regional view of buried and exposed structures in the Southern Oklahoma Aulacogen and to assess their potential for future seismicity. Trends ranging from NW–SE to ~E–W, peaking at 330° ± 4.5° and 280° ± 3°, dominate the magnetic lineaments of the Southern Oklahoma Aulacogen, reflecting basement contacts, dikes, and faults, including a previously unmapped ~100-km-long basement fault, which is herein referred to as the Willow fault. The fault disrupts, truncates, and vertically offsets basement-related seismic reflectors and overlying Paleozoic strata up through the Permian reflectors. Surface deformation along the trend includes fault-parallel monoclinal folds, pervasive fractures, and fracture-hosted mud dikes in Permian evaporite units. These structures indicate a Permian or post-Permian reactivation of the fault. Along-strike, the Willow fault connects to the NW-trending, seismically active Meers Fault to comprise the ~180-km-long Meers-Willow fault system, which potentially represents a major seismic hazard along the Southern Oklahoma Aulacogen. Fault slip potential analyses of the mapped potential fault traces show that seismic hazards are elevated where faults have steeper dips. Given some uncertainty in the regional stress state, we also show that hazards along the NW–SE to E–W trending faults vary considerably within the uncertainty range. We propose that the Meers-Willow fault system originated as a Cambrian aulacogen-scale, basement-rooted fault that was later reactivated as a left-lateral strike-slip fault (with ~40 km displacement) during the late Paleozoic Ancestral Rocky Mountain orogeny, highlighting that lateral offset accommodated a major component of deformation during the orogen.
Seismic attenuation tomography of the Sn phase beneath the Turkish-Iranian Plateau and the Zagros mountain belt
Authors: Kaviani Ayoub , Sandvol Eric , Ku Wenfei , Beck Susan L. , Türkelli Niyazi , Özacar A. Arda , Delph Jonathan R. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe Turkish-Iranian Plateau and the Zagros highlands are among the most prominent physiographic features in the Middle East and were formed as a result of continental collision between the Arabian and Eurasian plates. To better understand the nature of the lithospheric mantle and the origin of the observed seismic anomalies in this region, we investigated seismic attenuation of the uppermost mantle by detailed measurements of the quality factor of the Sn seismic phase (Sn Q). To that end, we collected a large data set consisting of 30 years (1990–2020) of waveforms recorded by 1266 permanent and temporary seismic stations, applying both the two-station method (TSM) and reverse two-station method (RTM) to measure path-averaged Sn Q. Finally, we performed a tomographic inversion on the path-averaged Sn Q to map the lateral variations of the upper-mantle attenuation across the northern Middle East. Our Sn attenuation maps show moderately low Q (&lt;250) values beneath the Turkish-Iranian Plateau and high Q values (&gt;350) beneath the Zagros and northern edge of the Arabian plate. Furthermore, our Sn Q model is broadly consistent with seismic velocity models in the region suggesting that most of the seismic anomalies are the result of thermal rather than compositional effects.