bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Competition Laws and Their Enforcement in the Project of European Integration
Authors: Wigger Angela 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Ordoliberals believed that the exposure of corporations to ‘complete’ competition would boost the competitiveness of entire economies and increase social welfare for society at large. Ordoliberals were staunch proponents of a strong state that would fight economic concentration and thereby ensure a free competitive market order composed of equally matched players. Even though a range of Ordoliberals ascended from their enclave in Freiburg and took office in the institutions of post-war West Germany and the European Community, their political influence on the formulation and subsequent enforcement of competition laws at the time has only been marginal. While discrepancies between any ideology and its actual implementation are commonplace, this chapter shows that political elites allying with organized industrial capital succeeded in watering down the envisaged utopia of ordered competition and the containment of corporate size.
Labour Market Policy
Authors: Hagemann Harald 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The Ordoliberal position with regard to labour market policy is ambivalent. Whereas a policy against mass unemployment is considered as unavoidable, the experience with full employment policy, in Nazi Germany in particular, strengthened the dominant view that governmental interventions such as wage and price controls imply an inherent tendency to a planned economy. Wage and price flexibility are seen as a necessary condition for a proper functioning of the labour market. According to the Ordoliberal view, the existence of a bilateral monopoly with trade unions on one side and employers’ associations on the other prevents a stable equilibrium on the labour market. Thus, Ordoliberals favoured and inspired the liberalisation policies of Erhard in the first two decades after WWII and opposed the introduction of a minimum wage in Germany in 2015.
A ‘Fiction of the Mind’: Imagination and Idolatry in Early Modern England
Authors: Reiter Barret 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter examines the conceptualization of Catholic liturgical practices within the Protestant anti-Catholic polemics of early modern England. I argue that, insofar as Protestants typically glossed such practices as ‘idolatry’, and thus, as the worship of a false god, Protestants explicitly accused Catholics of falling victim to the deceptive tendencies of their imaginations. Hence, for English Protestants, Catholics were responsible for transforming the good news of the Gospel into a mere fiction of their own making. More than a mere rhetorical posture — though of course it was also that — it is here argued that Protestant anti-Catholic polemic encodes a more generalized anxiety about the role of imagination within religious, social and political life, and thus serves as a microcosm of larger-scale transformations within the intellectual and political discourse of early modern England. Most obviously, the emphasis on the imagination, in particular within Protestant polemics, indicates a new context into which traditional scholastic psychological categories were forced in order to accommodate confessional differentiation and the new political realities of a post-Reformation world. Thus, by understanding just what Protestant polemicists meant by fictions, we can open up deeper continuities across the intellectual and political discourse of the period.
Rhetorical Strategies and the Manipulation of Discourse in Machiavelli’s Writings
Authors: De Caprio Chiara , Salvo Rossi Andrea 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter sheds light on the narrative strategies and techniques involving reported speech in Machiavelli’s diplomatic records and historical writings. The focus is on the diplomatic correspondence of his 1502 mission to Cesare Borgia and on his Discourses on Livy. Analysis of the rhetorical devices that Machiavelli uses to report his own words and those of others shows that his letters and the Discourses exploited the intrinsically reconstructive nature of reported speech and its paradoxical communicative function: to maximize the perception of veracity through unrestrained manipulation. Two case studies will shed light on the relationship between fact and fiction and between information and its manipulation in early modern Italy. In particular, these relationships are captured by analyzing the interplay between, on the one hand, the communicative dynamics of diplomatic writings and, on the other, research into old historical texts and the writing of contemporary history. Machiavelli’s writings demonstrate clearly that direct discourse could be used as a tool to reinforce the verisimilitude and credibility of a narrative. At the same time, his careful selection and manipulation of reported words exploited the persuasive force of the words of others to further his own line of argument.
A family of methyl esterases converts methyl salicylate to salicylic acid in ripening tomato fruit
Authors: Frick Elizabeth M , Sapkota Manoj , Pereira Lara , Wang Yanbing , Hermanns Anna , Giovannoni James J , van der Knaap Esther , Tieman Denise M , Klee Harry J 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Methyl salicylate imparts a potent flavor and aroma described as medicinal and wintergreen that is undesirable in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit. Plants control the quantities of methyl salicylate through a variety of biosynthetic pathways, including the methylation of salicylic acid to form methyl salicylate and subsequent glycosylation to prevent methyl salicylate emission. Here, we identified a subclade of tomato methyl esterases, SALICYLIC ACID METHYL ESTERASE1-4, responsible for demethylation of methyl salicylate to form salicylic acid in fruits. This family was identified by proximity to a highly significant methyl salicylate genome-wide association study locus on chromosome 2. Genetic mapping studies in a biparental population confirmed a major methyl salicylate locus on chromosome 2. Fruits from SlMES1 knockout lines emitted significantly (P &lt; 0,05, t test) higher amounts of methyl salicylate than wild-type fruits. Double and triple mutants of SlMES2, SlMES3, and SlMES4 emitted even more methyl salicylate than SlMES1 single knockouts—but not at statistically distinguishable levels—compared to the single mutant. Heterologously expressed SlMES1 and SlMES3 acted on methyl salicylate in vitro, with SlMES1 having a higher affinity for methyl salicylate than SlMES3. The SlMES locus has undergone major rearrangement, as demonstrated by genome structure analysis in the parents of the biparental population. Analysis of accessions that produce high or low levels of methyl salicylate showed that SlMES1 and SlMES3 genes expressed the highest in the low methyl salicylate lines. None of the MES genes were appreciably expressed in the high methyl salicylate-producing lines. We concluded that the SlMES gene family encodes tomato methyl esterases that convert methyl salicylate to salicylic acid in ripe tomato fruit. Their ability to decrease methyl salicylate levels by conversion to salicylic acid is an attractive breeding target to lower the level of a negative contributor to flavor.
Muon (g − 2) and the W-boson mass anomaly in a model based on Z4 symmetry with a vector-like fermion
Authors: Arora Simran , Kashav Monal , Verma Surender , Chauhan B C 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The latest results of the CDF-II Collaboration show a discrepancy of 7σ with standard model expectations. There is also a 4.2σ discrepancy in the measurement of the muon magnetic moment reported by Fermilab. We study the connection between neutrino masses, dark matter, the Muon (g − 2) experiment, and the W-boson mass anomaly within a single coherent framework based on a Z4 extension of the scotogenic model with a vector-like lepton (VLL). Neutrino masses are generated at the one-loop level. The inert doublet also provides a solution to the W-boson mass anomaly through correction in oblique parameters S, T, and U. The coupling of the VLL triplet ψT to the inert doublet η provides a positive contribution to the muon anomalous magnetic moment. In the model, the VLL triplet provides a lepton portal to dark matter, $\eta _R^0$. The model predicts a lower bound mee &gt; 0.025 eV at 3σ, which is well within the sensitivity reach of the 0νββ decay experiments. The model explains the muon anomalous magnetic moment Δaμ for 1.3 &lt; yψ &lt; 2.8 and a DM candidate mass in the range $152\text{ GeV}\lt M_{\eta _{R}^{0}}\lt 195\text{ GeV}$. The explanation of the W-boson mass anomaly further constrains the mass of the DM candidate, $M_{\eta _{R}^{0}}$, in the range $154\text{ GeV}\lt M_{\eta _{R}^{0}}\lt 174\text{ GeV}$.
Implementation and evaluation of a National Bereavement Support line in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Ireland
Authors: Bates Ursula , Brennan Joanne , Keegan Orla 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
This study describes the design, implementation and evaluation of a national bereavement helpline developed as proactive tiered response to immediate be reavement care during the COVID pandemic, operated in partnership between a national charity and the National Health Service. The service was based on Psychological First Aid principles adapted to integrate bereavement education. Its aim was to provide asupportive compassionate listening service, education advice resources and sign posting to community services.

Methods
Two independent psychologist were commissioned to undertake a retrospective service evaluation of six months of the operation of the line, using a volunteer survey, interviews and line usage data.

Results and Conclusions
Results show that the line is meeting a need, PFA + Bereavement is providing a useful framework for service delivery, and there is good adherence to the model. Volunteers are experiencing working on the line as challenging but rewarding. Supervision and debriefing are essential for volunteer well being and confidence. Approximately 10% of callers were referred onto other services. Management report that they good oversight of governance issues and are planning for the future development, and funding of the line for the next two years.
No Association Between Processing Speed and Risk of Sport-Related Concussion in Youth Soccer
Authors: Lopez-Flores Ruby , Oldham Jessie , Howell David , Rush Justin , Taylor Alex , Berkner Paul , Mannix Rebekah , Meehan William P. 
Published: October 2022

Objective:
To determine whether slow processing speed is associated with risk of sport-related concussion.

Design:
We conducted a retrospective cohort study using computerized neurocognitive assessments (Immediate Post-concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing [ImPACT]) from the Massachusetts Concussion Management Coalition. Slow processing speed was defined as 2 SD below the sample mean (n = 131) and fast processing speed as 2 SD above the sample mean (n = 259). We used a binary logistic regression model to determine the odds of sustaining a concussion with our main predictor being processing speed (high or low) adjusted for the effects of age, sex, and prior number of concussions.

Setting:
Massachusetts Concussion Management Coalition, Institutional care.

Participants:
Three hundred ninety junior high soccer players ages 10 to 15 with a baseline score for ImPACT.

Independent Variables:
Processing Speed.

Main Outcome Measures:
Risk of sustaining a concussion.

Results:
Those with slow processing speed had a visual motor composite score of ≤19.92, those with fast-processing speed had a score of ≥46.20. Athletes with slow processing speed were younger (13 vs 14 years; P < 0.001) and more likely to be male (57% vs 49%; P = 0.014). After adjusting for the effects of age, sex, and prior concussions, there was no significant difference in the odds of sustaining a concussion between groups (aOR 1.01; 95% CI, 0.99-1.04).

Conclusions:
Despite previous research showing that slow processing speed is a risk factor for musculoskeletal injuries during sports, our study suggests that processing speed is not associated with the risk of sustaining a concussion among junior high school soccer players.
Characterizing Symptoms Before and Following Concussion in Professional Hockey
Authors: Bruce Jared M. , Meeuwisse Willem , Hutchison Michael G. , Comper Paul , Echemendia Ruben J. 
Published: October 2022

Objective:
Examine SCAT5 baseline and acute symptom subscales in professional hockey players.

Design:
Longitudinal case–control.

Setting:
Preseason medical evaluations and suspected concussion evaluations.

Participants:
NHL/AHL players were given the NHL-modified SCAT5 before the 2018-2019 season (n = 1924). During the season, English-speaking players evaluated within 1 day of injury and diagnosed with concussion (n = 140) were compared with players evaluated for possible concussion, but not given a concussion diagnosis (n = 174).

Independent Variables:
Concussion diagnosis and demographic characteristics.

Main Outcome Measures:
Postconcussion Symptoms Scale (PCSS) items were subdivided into affective/emotional, cognitive, somatic/physical, sleep, and headache subscales.

Results:
Cognitive (13%), somatic/physical (10%), sleep (26%), affective (18%), and headache (6%) symptoms were reported by players at baseline. Concussed players reported more acute symptoms than active controls on each of the subscales (all P's < 0.001). Players who underwent a suspected concussion evaluation were more likely to be diagnosed with concussion if they reported affective/emotional symptoms at baseline (P < 0.001). Postinjury cognitive (P < 0.001), somatic/physical (P < 0.001), and headache (P < 0.001) symptoms best differentiated concussed players and active controls.

Conclusions:
Player reports of increased cognitive difficulties, somatic/physical difficulties, and headache were most associated with concussion diagnosis at the acute evaluation. An abbreviated “acute” PCSS that includes only headache, cognitive, and/or physical symptoms may be useful for diagnostic purposes when evaluation time is limited. Approximately 2% of players reported significantly elevated affective/emotional symptoms at baseline and report of affective/emotional symptoms at baseline was associated with an increased likelihood of concussion diagnosis among players referred for a suspected concussion evaluation.
Efficacy and safety assessment of orthopedic device (LSM-01) for low back pain: A randomized, single-blinded, sham-controlled, parallel-group, pilot clinical trial
Authors: Park Chae Hyun , Kang Jae Hui 
Published: October 2022

Background:
Low back pain refers to pain that occurs mainly in lumbosacral spine, and is a clinically common symptom that 70% to 90% of people experience at least once during their lives.

Objectives:
We investigated the effect and safety of orthopedic device (LSM-01) for alleviate back pain caused by muscle tension in a randomized, single-blinded, sham-controlled, parallel-group, pilot trial to establish a basis for large-scale clinical trial.

Methods:
A total of 30 subjects were randomly assigned to 2 group: treatment group (LSM-01) and control group (sham device) received treatment with each device 2 to 3 times a week for a total of 6 treatment for 2 weeks. Primary outcome was visual analog scale (VAS); Secondary outcomes were pressure pain threshold (PPT), oswestry disability index (ODI), and patient global impression of change (PGIC). Statistical analysis is performed for full analysis set (FAS) population. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) for mean difference of VAS change and Mixed models of repeated measurements (MMRM) for the trend of VAS change were conducted to compare the differences between 2 groups before and after participants got treatment with the clinical trial device.

Results:
One participant dropped out due to personal reason and 29 participants completed the clinical pilot trial. We found that the degree of low back pain (VAS, PPT, PGIC) significantly decreased and after the trial in the treatment group compared to the control group. Also, there were no any side effects.

Conclusion:
LSM-01 can be effective in improving pain of low back pain. A future large-scale main trial will be conducted based on this pilot study results.
Efficiency of nicotinamide-based supportive therapy in lymphopenia for patients with ordinary or severe COVID-19: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Hu Qiang , Zhang Quan-Yu , Peng Cheng-Fei , Ma Zhuang , Han Ya-Ling 
Published: October 2022

Background:
This study aimed to investigate the efficiency of nicotinamide-based supportive therapy for lymphopenia in patients with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19).

Methods:
Twenty four patients diagnosed with COVID-19 were randomly divided into 2 groups (n = 12) during hospitalization in a ratio of 1:1. Based on conventional treatment, the treatment group was administered 100 mg nicotinamide 5 times a day for 2 days. The control group received routine treatment only. The primary endpoint was the change in the absolute lymphocyte count. The secondary endpoints included both in-hospital death and the composite endpoint of aggravation, according to upgraded oxygen therapy, improved nursing level, and ward rounds of superior physicians for changes in conditions.

Results:
Full blood counts before and after nicotinamide administration were comparable in each group (all P > .05). Before and after receiving nicotinamide, mean absolute lymphocyte counts were similar between the two groups ([0.94 ± 0.26] × 109/L vs [0.89 ± 0.19] × 109/L, P = .565; [1.15 ± 0.48] × 109/L vs [1.02 ± 0.28] × 109/L, P = .445, respectively). Therefore, there was no statistically significant difference in the lymphocyte improvement rate between the two groups (23.08 ± 46.10 vs 16.52 ± 24.10, P = .67). There was also no statistically significant difference in the secondary endpoints between the two groups.

Conclusion:
Among patients with COVID-19, there was no statistically significant difference in the change of whole blood counts and absolute lymphocyte counts before and after intervention in both groups. Therefore, no new evidence has been found regarding the effect of niacinamide on lymphopenia in COVID-19 patients.
Mind the tributary of the canal: Are stents necessary for insulinoma enucleation in proximity to a prominent Duct of Santorini: A case report and literature review
Authors: Liu Tiantong , Xu Qiang , Zou Xi , Zhu Liang , Zhao Yupei 
Published: October 2022

Rationale:
We describe a case of insulinoma located extremely close to the accessory pancreatic duct (APD), but away from the main pancreatic duct (MPD). Previous studies showed insulinoma enucleation is a safe procedure for small benign tumors >3 mm distant from the MPD. However, in this case enucleation of the tumor led to unanticipated APD injury and grade B post-operative pancreatic fistula (POPF). We provide detailed records of clinical management and argue that enucleation of tumors near APD needs to be carefully weighed.

Patient concerns:
The patient experienced a sudden increase of abdominal drain fluid and prolonged drainage time after a regular insulinoma enucleation surgery.

Diagnosis:
APD damage during the enucleation.

Interventions:
Drain fluid amylase concentration were regularly recorded and prolonged somatostatin analogs were administered.

Outcomes:
Amount of abdominal drain gradually decreased and the drain tube was removed on postoperative 37.

Lessons:
Benign pancreatic tumor close to the APD need to be evaluated carefully and clinical evidence is warranted to affirm the necessity of placing a pancreatic duct stent before the surgery.
Delayed diagnosis and management of necrotizing fasciitis of the left lower leg: A case report
Authors: Zhang Li-Xia , Liang Zhao-Jun , Zhao Bao-Yin , Shi Xue-Wen , Zhang Tao , Liu Hua , Yu Xiao-Hui 
Published: October 2022

Introduction:
Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a rare, severe soft tissue infection, characterized by rapid and extensive necrosis of the skin, subcutaneous tissue, and superficial and deep fascia. It is frequently misdiagnosed as other infectious diseases, leading to inappropriate treatment and potentially serious consequences. It may be complicated by septic shock and multiple organ failure with a fatal outcome.

Patient concerns:
A 73-year-old woman presented with continuous itching, skin lesions, pain, and swelling of the outer side of her left leg. The patient was diagnosed with septic shock and multiorgan failure caused by left leg NF.

Diagnosis:
Septic shock and multiorgan failure caused by left leg NF.

Interventions:
Two surgeries were performed on the patient’s leg, which effectively treated her septic shock and multiple organ dysfunction.

Outcomes:
The patient was followed up three times after her discharge. She had a good recovery, was generally well with no significant sequelae, and returned to her regular life.

Conclusion:
NF is an acute severe illness with high mortality. It is easily misdiagnosed, leading to delayed or erroneous treatment and serious (or potentially fatal) outcomes. Rapid and accurate diagnosis of NF is essential for patient recovery. In difficult cases, multidisciplinary consultations may be helpful. The management of NF includes early and thorough surgical debridement, antibiotics, and symptomatic treatment.
Skin endothelial cell and microcirculation function study in recurred keloids patients after keloid surgery and radiotherapy
Authors: Li Wenbo , Shan Mengjie , Hao Yan , Liu Hao , Wang Youbin , Qiu Jie 
Published: October 2022

Background:
Keloid is a type of benign tumor of the skin with abnormal proliferation of fibrous tissue. We sought to observe the changes in skin microcirculation and endothelial cell function around the recurred keloid and explore the skin microcirculation characters in recurred keloid patients.

Methods:
Six patients with recurred keloid were treated with keloid surgery and radiotherapy for the second time. Microcirculation of recurred keloids and their surrounding normal skin tissue was observed with laser Doppler flowmeter before operation. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), CD31, and HIF-1α were identified by several assay.

Results:
The local blood flow of group RN was enhanced. The average strength of group N is 0.87. The average strength of group RN is 2.08. The expression of VEGF, CD31, and hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) protein in the keloid-recurred skin (RN) group was higher than the normal skin group via immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blotting analysis. The relative expression of VEGF and CD31 mRNA was significantly increased in RN group samples (P < .05).

Conclusions:
There are significant differences in the expression of VEGF, CD31, and HIF-1α in the recurred keloid skin after radiotherapy and normal skin. They may be used as potential biomarkers and targets for future research on keloid recurrence.