bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can climate warming save Daphnia from parasites? Reduced parasite prevalence in Daphnia populations from artificially heated lakes
Authors: Dziuba Marcin Krzysztof , Manzi Florent , Cerbin Slawek , Wolinska Justyna 
Published: November 2022

AbstractClimate warming might modify infection outcomes and it has been proposed that temperature increase will result in a “sicker world.” We tested this hypothesis by comparing the prevalence of infection in a common freshwater host–parasite system (crustacean Daphnia infected with the ichthyosporean pathogen Caullerya mesnili) between five artificially heated lakes and four nearby non‐heated control lakes. The heated lakes, which receive warm water from two power plants, have experienced an elevation in water temperature of ca. 3–4°C for the last 60 yr. Analyses of 5 yr of field data revealed that Daphnia communities from heated lakes had lower parasite prevalence than communities from control sites. To disentangle a possible direct detrimental effect of elevated temperature on the parasite from differences in baseline levels of host resistance, we compared infection susceptibility between Daphnia clones isolated from heated and control lakes, under laboratory conditions at two different temperatures. Daphnia from heated lakes were less susceptible to infection than clones from control lakes, while experimental temperature did not affect infection outcome. The data did not confirm the “warmer hence sicker world” scenario. Instead, it seems that indirect effects of temperature elevation (via shifts in lake hydrology) may restrict its spread into heated lakes. Then, local adaptation to the host from control lakes further inhibits re‐establishment of the parasite from control to heated lakes. Our results underline the context‐dependency of the impact of temperature increase on host–parasite interactions.
Effects of random forest modeling decisions on biogeochemical time series predictions
Authors: Regier Peter , Duggan Matthew , Myers‐Pigg Allison , Ward Nicholas 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRandom forests (RF) are an increasingly popular machine learning approach used to model biogeochemical processes in the Earth system. While RF models are robust to many assumptions that complicate deterministic models, there are several important parameterization decisions for appropriate use and optimal model fit. We explored the role that parameter decisions, including training/testing data splitting strategies, variable selection, and hyperparameters play on RF goodness‐of‐fit by constructing models using 1296 unique parameter combinations to predict concentrations of nitrate, a key nutrient for biogeochemical cycling in aquatic ecosystems. Models were built on long‐term, publicly available water quality and meteorology time series collected by the National Estuarine Research Reserve monitoring network for two contrasting ecosystems representing freshwater and brackish estuaries. We found that accounting for temporal dependence when splitting data into training and testing subsets was key for avoiding over‐estimation of model predictive power. In addition, variable selection, the ratio of training to testing data, and to a lesser degree, variables per split and number of trees, were significant parameters for optimizing RF goodness‐of‐fit. We also explored how model parameter decisions influenced interpretation of the relative importance of predictors to the model, and model predictor‐dependent variable relationships, with results suggesting that both data structure and model parameterization influence these factors. Because much of the current RF literature is written for the computational and statistical science communities, the primary goal of this study is to provide guidelines for aquatic scientists new to machine learning to apply RF techniques appropriately to aquatic biogeochemical datasets.
Frataxin deficiency alters gene expression in Friedreich ataxia derived IPSC‐neurons and cardiomyocytes
Authors: Angulo Mariana B. , Bertalovitz Alexander , Argenziano Mariana A. , Yang Jiajia , Patel Aarti , Zesiewicz Theresa , McDonald Thomas V. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundFriedreich's ataxia (FRDA) is an autosomal recessive disease, whereby homozygous inheritance of an expanded GAA trinucleotide repeat expansion in the first intron of the FXN gene leads to transcriptional repression of the encoded protein frataxin. FRDA is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, but the primary cause of death is heart disease which occurs in 60% of the patients. Several functions of frataxin have been proposed, but none of them fully explain why its deficiency causes the FRDA phenotypes nor why the most affected cell types are neurons and cardiomyocytes.MethodsTo investigate, we generated iPSC‐derived neurons (iNs) and cardiomyocytes (iCMs) from an FRDA patient and upregulated FXN expression via lentivirus without altering genomic GAA repeats at the FXN locus.ResultsRNA‐seq and differential gene expression enrichment analyses demonstrated that frataxin deficiency affected the expression of glycolytic pathway genes in neurons and extracellular matrix pathway genes in cardiomyocytes. Genes in these pathways were differentially expressed when compared to a control and restored to control levels when FRDA cells were supplemented with frataxin.ConclusionsThese results offer novel insight into specific roles of frataxin deficiency pathogenesis in neurons and cardiomyocytes.
Nance–Horan syndrome pedigree due to a novel microdeletion and skewed X chromosome inactivation
Authors: Huang Yazhou , Ma Linya , Zhang Zhaoxia , Nie Shujuan , Zhou Yuan , Zhang Jibo , Wang Chao , Fang Xingxin , Quan Yingting , He Ting , Liu Anhui , Peng Dan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundNance–Horan syndrome (NHS) is a rare and often overlooked X‐linked dominant disorder characterized by dense congenital cataracts, dental abnormalities, and mental retardation. The majority of NHS variations include frameshift mutations, nonsense mutations, microdeletions, and insertions.MethodsCopy number variation sequencing was performed to determine the microdeletion. The expression of NHS was detected by RT‐PCR. Four family members were tested for X chromosome inactivation.ResultsIn this study, all members were examined for systemic examinations and genetic testing of four members and two affected subjects are observed. We identified a heterozygous microdeletion of −0.52 Mb at Xp22.13 in a female proband presenting NHS phenotypically. The microdeletion contains the REPS2 and NHS genes and was inherited from a phenotypically normal mother. Of interest, the expression NHS of proband was reduced and the skewed X chromosome inactivation rate reached more than 85% compared with her mother and the control. It was concluded that the haploinsufficiency of the NHS gene may account for the majority of clinical symptoms in the affected subjects. The variability among female carriers presumably results from nonrandom X chromosome inactivation.ConclusionOur findings broaden the spectrum of NHS mutations and provide molecular insight into NHS clinical prenatal genetic diagnosis.
Broad‐based virtual care company closes $44.5 million equity raise
Authors: Enos Gary 
Published: November 2022

As evidence that investors continue to show keen interest in virtual platforms delivering mental health treatment, virtual practice organization Valera Health last month announced the closing of a $44.5 million growth equity raise. Valera's CEO told MHW last week that the new financing will allow the company to increase its capacity to serve high‐acuity patients, one of the factors it cites in distinguishing itself from other virtual clinical care services.
Deep neural network for retrieving material's permittivity from S‐parameters
Authors: Chrek Thorn , Nov Lihour , Chung Jae‐Young 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis research proposed a deep neural network (DNN) model employing a multilayer feedforward artificial neural network to characterize the relative permittivity and loss tangent of a solid sample in a broad frequency range from 1 to 10 GHz. The method exploited a grounded coplanar waveguide as a measurement fixture, and a vast amount of data was obtained from full‐wave simulations. The latter was used to train the proposed DNN model. We performed parametric studies to examine optimal DNN hyperparameters and improve the efficiency of the material property retrieval process. The proposed model was validated by retrieving the relative permittivity and loss tangent of a known substrate. The results show good agreement with the known reference values with a slight error of 1.2%.
Comparative study an effect of polymethyl methacrylate coating on optical microbottle resonator for enhancing sensing performance for ethanol liquid sensor
Authors: Johari Md Ashadi Md , Apsari R. , Yasin M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper observed the performance of the coated optical microbottle resonator (MBR) for the liquid ethanol concentration sensor. The MBR is prepared in three sizes by a technique known as “soften‐and‐compress” from silica fiber SMF‐28 with parameters named stem diameter, bottle length, and bottle diameter. The MBR is then coated with PMMA by the “drop‐casting” technique used as an ethanol sensor. The MBR‐PMMAs were characterized by microfiber diameter and managed to have a Q‐factor. The ethanol liquid concentration used is from 10% to 100% ppm. The sensitivity, linearity, repeatability, stability, and wavelength shift results were then used to determine the performance of MBR‐PMMAs as an ethanol sensor. The most significant size of MBR‐PMMA, known as “C,” is defined as an excellent ethanol liquid concentration sensor. Additionally, the resonator's size is determined and may influence its ability to perform well as a sensor.
C‐band high purity circularly polarized array with modified radial slots and electromagnetic band‐gap substrate configuration
Authors: Sedghi Tohid , Aribi Tohid , Lou Reza K. M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNovel broadband circularly polarized (CP) electromagnetic band‐gap (EBG) antenna array was proposed in this paper. The antenna's radiating element is utilized by a microstrip‐fed circular patch, radial slot, and three rectangular notches. The proposed antenna elements are fed by feeding network comprised form four hybrid couplers and microstrip lines with appropriate lengths to support desired phase difference at output ports. Radiating patches are sequentially rotated to enhance CP property and form a 4 × 4 array. Finally, the novel scheme of electromagnetic structure (EBG) was inserted among radiating elements to decrease the mutual coupling. Using these structures results in the improvement of antenna bandwidth to cover the entire C‐band. In addition, CP purity is increased at the implicational band. Measured results indicate that the array has an impedance bandwidth of 4 GHz covering the C‐band totally and 3 dB axial‐ratio bandwidth of 2.6 GHz that is between 4.9 and 7.5 GHz (~42%). The antenna array has a peak gain of 8dBi at 6 GHz.
Printed collinear dipole array antenna with a horizontally omnidirectional pattern for dual‐band WLAN
Authors: Lee Kyoung‐Joo , Lee Keonmyung , Lee Tae‐Hak 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA dual‐band printed dipole array antenna for a wireless local area network (WLAN) application is presented. A radiation element consists of four pairs of printed dipoles, and two radiation elements are collinearly arrayed. A broadside coupling microstrip line‐based two‐sectional impedance transformer is used to feed the radiation elements in parallel. The proposed dual‐band antenna is designed to cover the dual‐frequency bands (2.4–2.48 and 5.15–5.825 GHz) which are the lower‐ and upper‐frequency bands for WLAN operation. The experimental results support the proposed design theory and also exhibit the gain values of 3.89–4.88 and 5.79–7.18 dBi at the lower‐ and upper‐bands, respectively, maintaining the omnidirectional radiation pattern. The measured radiation efficiencies at each frequency points, 2.4, 5.2, and 5.5 GHz are 87.39%, 75.43%, 69.96%, and 73.07, respectively. In addition, for mass production, the effect from a low‐cost flexible coaxial cable, and polyethylene housing on the antenna performance is also investigated in this letter.
Damages and stress responses in sperm cells and other germplasms during dehydration and storage at nonfreezing temperatures for fertility preservation
Authors: Comizzoli Pierre , Amelkina Olga , Lee Pei‐Chih 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLong‐term preservation of sperm, oocytes, and gonadal tissues at ambient temperatures has the potential to lower the costs and simplify biobanking in human reproductive medicine, as well as for the management of animal populations. Over the past decades, different dehydration protocols and long‐term storage solutions at nonfreezing temperatures have been explored, mainly for mammalian sperm cells. Oocytes and gonadal tissues are more challenging to dehydrate so little to no progress have been made. Currently, the detrimental effects of the drying process itself are better characterized than the impact of long‐term storage at nonfreezing temperatures. While structural and functional properties of germ cells can be preserved after dehydration, a long list of damages and stresses in nuclei, organelles, and cytoplasmic membranes have been reported and sometimes mitigated. Characterizing those damages and better understanding the response of germ cells and tissues to the stress of dehydration is fundamental. It will contribute to the development of optimal protocols while proving the safety of alternative storage options for fertility preservation. The objective of this review is to (1) document the types of damages and stress responses, as well as their mitigation in cells dried with different techniques, and (2) propose new research directions.
Investigation of polyamide 12 isothermal crystallization through the application of the phase‐field model
Authors: Teo How Wei Benjamin , Tran Van Thai , Chen Kaijuan , Le Kim Quy , Du Hejun , Zeng Jun , Zhou Kun 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCrystallization of polyamide 12 (PA12) is an essential process requiring thorough investigation for evaluating the mechanical properties after the polymer parts are manufactured. The change in crystallization temperature results in different crystallization behaviors for PA12. Hence, the crystal morphology of PA12 achieved provides important information about crystallization behavior, especially for those produced through additive manufacturing due to its heterogenous cooling rate in a single print bed. Considering the need of investigating PA12 crystallization using phase‐field modeling, this paper aims to simulate the spherulite morphology of PA12 undergoing isothermal crystallization. This model is compared with the spherulite morphologies obtained from the optical microscopy test. The model shows that PA12 spherulites have thicker dendrites when the isothermal temperature is higher. The present phase‐field model can determine the spherulite morphologies of bulk printed PA12 based on the crystallization condition and be used to evaluate the properties of the printed part.
More extreme duplication in FDA Adverse Event Reporting System detected by literature reference normalization and fuzzy string matching
Authors: Hung Eric , Hauben Manfred , Essex Henry , Zou Chen , Bright Steve 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPurposeLiterature reports of adverse drug events can be replicated across multiple companies, resulting in extreme duplication (defined as a majority of reports being duplicates) in the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database because they can escape legacy duplicate detection algorithms routinely deployed on that data source. Literature reference field, added to in 2014, could potentially be utilized to identify replicated reports. FAERS does not enforce adherence to the Vancouver referencing convention, thus the same article may be referenced differently leading to duplication. The objective of this analysis is to determine if variations of the same literature references observed in FAERS can be resolved with text normalization and fuzzy string matching.MethodsWe normalized the literature references recorded in the FAERS database through the first quarter of 2021 with a rule‐based algorithm so that they better conform to the Vancouver convention. Levenshtein distance was then utilized to merge sufficiently similar normalized literature references together.ResultsNormalization of literature references increases the percentage that can be parsed into author, title, and journal from 61.74% to 93.93%. We observe that about 98% of pairs within groups do have a Levenshtein similarity of the title above the threshold. The extreme duplication ranged from 66% to 87% with a median of 72% of reports being duplicates and often involved addictovigilance scenarios.ConclusionsWe have shown that these normalized references can be merged via fuzzy string matching to improve enumeration of all the individual case safety reports that refer to the same article. Inclusion of the PubMed ID and adherence to the Vancouver convention could facilitate identification of duplicates in the FAERS dataset. Awareness of this phenomenon may improve disproportionality analysis, especially in areas such as addictovigilance.
Highly sensitive flexible strain sensor based on carbon nanotube/styrene butadiene styrene@ thermoplastic polyurethane fiber with a double percolated structure
Authors: Liu Libing , Xiang Dong , Zhang Xiangxia , Harkin‐Jones Eileen , Wang Junjie , Zhao Chunxia , Li Hui , Li Zhenyu , Wang Li , Wang Ping , Li Yuntao , Wu Yuanpeng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe combination of a high sensitivity and a wide strain detection range in conductive polymer composites‐based flexible strain sensors is still challenging to achieve. Herein, a double‐percolation structural fiber strain sensor based on carbon nanotubes (CNT)/styrene butadiene styrene (SBS)@thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) composite was fabricated by a simple melt mixing and fused filament fabrication strategy, in which the CNT/SBS and TPU were the conductive and insulating phases, respectively. Compared with the sensor without the double percolated structure, the CNT/SBS@TPU sensor achieved a lower percolation threshold (from 2.0 to 0.5 wt%, a reduction of 75%), and better electrical and sensing performance. It is shown that the strain detection range of the CNT/SBS@TPU sensor increases with increasing CNT loading. An opposite trend was observed for the sensitivity. The 1%‐CNT/SBS@TPU sensor exhibited a high conductivity (1.08 × 10−3 S/m), high sensitivity (gauge factor of 2.65 × 106 at 92% strain), wide strain detection range (0.2%–92% strain), high degree of linearity (R2 = 0.954 at 0–10% strain), broad monitoring frequencies (0.05–0.5 Hz), and excellent stability (2000 cycles). Moreover, the CNT/SBS@TPU sensor was shown to successfully monitor a range of human physiological activities and to be capable of tactile perception and weight distribution sensing.
Chemical shifts of artificial monomers used to construct heterogeneous‐backbone protein mimetics in random coil and folded states
Authors: Rao Shilpa R. , Harmon Thomas W. , Heath Shelby L. , Wolfe Jacob A. , Santhouse Jacqueline R. , O'Brien Gregory L. , Distefano Alexis N. , Reinert Zachary E. , Horne W. Seth 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe construction of protein‐sized synthetic chains that blend natural amino acids with artificial monomers to create so‐called heterogeneous‐backbones is a powerful approach to generate complex folds and functions from bio‐inspired agents. A variety of techniques from structural biology commonly used to study natural proteins have been adapted to investigate folding in these entities. In NMR characterization of proteins, proton chemical shift is straightforward to acquire and an information‐rich metric that bears directly on a variety of properties related to folding. Leveraging chemical shift to gain insight into folding requires a set of reference chemical shift values corresponding to each building block type (i.e., the 20 canonical amino acids in the case of natural proteins) in a random coil state and knowledge of systematic changes in chemical shift associated with particular folded conformations. Although well documented for natural proteins, these issues remain unexplored in the context of protein mimetics. Here, we report random coil chemical shift values for a library of artificial amino acid monomers frequently used to construct heterogeneous‐backbone protein analogues as well as a spectroscopic signature associated with one monomer class, β3‐residues bearing proteinogenic side chains, adopting a helical folded conformation. Collectively, these results will facilitate the continued utilization of NMR for the study of structure and dynamics in protein‐like artificial backbones.
Synthesis and testing of latex properties of copolymers of ethyl or butyl acrylate with methyl or butyl methacrylate and methacrylic acid
Authors: Makarewicz Edwin , Tworek Magdalena , Zalewska Anna , Tomaszewska Jolanta 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe results of a study on latexes obtained by emulsion copolymerization of acrylic, methacrylic and vinyl monomers without surfactants are presented. The monomers included ethyl acrylate and butyl acrylate, methyl and butyl methacrylate and methacrylic acid. The yield of the copolymerization reaction, the polymer concentration in the latex, the pH, surface tension, intrinsic viscosity number, Huggins constant, the molecular weight of the polymer and the particle size in the latex were determined. The stability of the latexes was tested by determining the values of non‐overt and overt coagulation thresholds. The values of the limiting equivalent conductivity and the anode zeta potential were determined. The relative hardness of latex membranes and their mass change after hot water extraction were investigated. The relationships between the properties of individual latexes were established. The main aim of the research was to determine the influence of copolymer composition on the electrokinetic properties of polymer particles in latex. They determine the possibility of developing a new type of paint for electrophoretic painting with the use of latexes. © 2022 Society of Industrial Chemistry.