bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drought tolerance promoted by complementation of ascorbate‐glutathione system and antioxidant‐rich phytochemicals in Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.
Authors: Aditya Manashi , Sen Debasmita , Bhattacharjee Soumen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundComplementation of enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidative defense plays a decisive role in redox regulation of crops under drought. However, such type of study in Amaranth, particularly understanding the relationship between drought tolerance through tandem action of enzymatic and non‐enzymatic bioactive antioxidants having phytonutrient promise is seldom studied and hence is the objective of the present investigation.ResultsA comparative evaluation of dehydration stress‐induced changes in reactive oxygen species‐antioxidant interaction dynamics (assessed in terms of efficacy of ascorbate‐glutathione pathway) among 10 promising accessions of Amaranthus hypochondriacus L. revealed significant accession‐specific variation with accessions IC47434 and IC107144 bear out as better ecotypes for their redox regulation abilities (assessed in terms of redox biomarkers like DCFDA (2′,7′‐ dichloroflorescindiacetate) oxidation, accumulation of O2.−, H2O2, hydroperoxide, conjugated diene, free carbonyl content, membrane protein thiol level, total radical scavenging activity, and total thiol content). Further, RP‐HPLC (reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography) coupled with potodiode assay revealed a significantly higher accumulation of redox‐sensitive polyphenolic compounds like rutin, myricetin quercetin, gallic acid, p‐hydroxy benzoic acid, vanillic acid, syringic acid, p‐coumaric acid along with the pool of monophenol, diphenol, total phenol, flavonoids, anthocyanin, betacyanin for drought stress raised seedling of IC107144 and IC47434 as compared to one of the most susceptible cultivars IC94661.ConclusionTaken as a whole, the work not only revealed the strong association between drought tolerance and bioavailability of pharmacologically important bioactive polyphenolic antioxidants but also unequivocally proposed the complementation of secondary polyphenolic compounds with Halliwell–Asada pathway for intensification of competent redox‐regulation property necessary for drought stress acclimation in Amaranth germplasms.
Delayed irrigation at the jointing stage increased the post‐flowering dry matter accumulation and water productivity of winter wheat under wide‐precision planting pattern
Authors: Fan Yanli , Ma Yuzhao , Zaman Amini Mohammad , Zhang Mingming , Li Quanqi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe North China Plain (NCP) faces a severe water shortage, and the amount of rainfall cannot guarantee the growth and development of winter wheat. Therefore, it is important to explore a suitable irrigation and planting pattern to solve the problem of water shortage in this region.RESULTSA 4‐year experiment was carried out in the NCP during 2015–2019. The main plots included two planting patterns: a wide‐precision planting pattern (W) and a conventional planting pattern. Two irrigation regimes were established for each planting pattern: 60‐mm irrigation at the jointing stage (I1) and 60‐mm irrigation delayed 10 days at the jointing stage (I2). The soil water consumption, dry matter translocation, grain yield and crop water productivity were investigated. The results showed that WI2 treatment obtained the highest grain yield and crop water productivity. The wide‐precision planting pattern could significantly decrease soil water consumption; however, delayed irrigation effectively reduced soil water consumption only in normal rainfall years. The coupling of delayed irrigation at the jointing stage and a wide‐precision planting pattern significantly enhanced dry matter accumulation after flowering and the contribution of dry matter accumulation after flowering to grain yield during the growing seasons. WI2 could decrease the evapotranspiration and improve the grain yield, thus increasing crop water productivity.CONCLUSIONThe combination of a wide‐precision planting pattern and delayed irrigation at the jointing stage was the appropriate agronomic practice for efficient grain yield and crop water productivity in the North China Plain. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Tectona grandisL.f. mediated restoration of marginal lands in Eastern Uttar Pradesh, North India
Authors: Edrisi Sheikh Adil , Singh Ajeet , Dubey Pradeep Kumar , Abhilash Purushothaman C. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTectona grandisL.f. has considerable potential to restore marginal and degraded lands as it offers multiple co‐benefits during the restoration venture. It provides good quality wood for multipurpose use, including biomass for bioenergy and noninvasive traits. For this, aboveground biomass (AGB) was assessed along with testing the critical soil properties (soil physicochemical and biological properties) across different plantation sites during a 4‐year study period (2015–2018). The study suggested that the soil properties like bulk density, moisture content, pH, organic carbon, available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium have shown significant mean improvement in all planted sites collectively. These were improved by −0.21 g cm−3, 0.68%, −0.68, 0.27%, 13.69 mg kg−1, 11.77 mg kg−1, 95.20 mg kg−1, respectively, in an arid area (Mirzapur, i.e., M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, and M6 sites, representing a warm and tropical dry climate) from the unplanted control (CM1) during 2015–2018. Moreover, the microbial biomass carbon and dehydrogenase activity were significantly improved by 56.71 mg kg−1and 6.92 μg TPF g−1 hr−1, respectively, from CM1. Similar results were also observed in the semiarid areas of Varanasi, representing a humid subtropical climatic pattern (i.e., V4 and V5 sites) compared to the unplanted control in the (CV1). Furthermore, the AGB was found between 12.56 and 229.13 kg tree−1, representing 5 and 30 years of plantation, respectively, in 2018. Reference sites (V1, V2, and V3) were also considered that reflect a planted control, which helped assess the comparison between variable sites and the sites under restoration. Therefore, the study further suggested that this tree species has the tremendous potential to restore marginal and degraded lands in the arid and semiarid areas of North India with a significant biomass supply as an additional benefit.
Three‐dimensional fine structures of the maculae flavae of the human vocal fold using correlative light and electron microscopy
Authors: Sato Kiminobu , Kurita Takashi , Sato Fumihiko , Ohta Keisuke , Sato Kiminori , Chitose Shun‐ichi , Ono Takeharu , Umeno Hirohito 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo analyze various aspects of complex tissue, there is increasing demand to study each sample at different length scales in biology. Correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM) is the latest technique to correlate two different types of information on the exact same histological area of interest: histology (from light microscopy) and ultrastructure (from electron microscopy). The three‐dimensional fine structures of the maculae flavae (MFe) of the human vocal fold were investigated using CLEM.MethodsFive normal human adult vocal folds as specimens embedded in paraffin, sectioned, and mounted on glass slides with/without a chemical digestion method (modified sodium hydroxide maceration method) were investigated. Observations using CLEM were performed.ResultsThe fine structures of cells and extracellular matrices in the MFe and their peripheral regions were able to be observed on the exact same histological area of interest with the light microscope and field emission‐scanning electron microscope. Cobblestone‐like polygonal cells, vocal fold stellate cell‐like cells, and fibroblast‐like spindle cells were intermingled in the MFe of the human vocal fold. The extracellular matrices surrounding each three types of cell in the MFe differed, suggesting the cells were different in functional property.ConclusionCLEM is a useful technique to observe the three‐dimensional fine structures of the human vocal fold mucosa. The results of the present study are consistent with the hypothesis that the cells in the MFe of the human vocal fold have heterogeneity and each three types of cell have different properties.
Effect of chloride threshold on pitting behavior of 316LN stainless steel in sour water solution by electrochemical analysis
Authors: Chen Si , Sun Li , Li Weihua 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe effect of chloride threshold (CT = [Cl−]/[SO42−]) on the pitting behaviors of 316LN in the sour water was studied by using electrochemical tests. The result shows that the pitting resistance of 316LN decreases with the increase in CT and temperature. The critical chloride threshold (CCT) decreases from 3 at 40°C to 1.5 at 70°C and then remains unchanged when further increases the temperature. The EIS experiment manifests that the protectiveness of the passive film reduces with the increase of CT, and the variation of the charge transfer resistance (Rct) is in keeping with the pitting potential (Epit). Increasing the CT or raising the temperature from 40°C to 80°C enhances the donor (point defect) density, resulting in a thinning of the protective film. Methods to raise the value of the CCT, that is, to improve the chlorine corrosion resistance of the pipelines were proposed.
The evaluation of the effect of free gracilis muscle transfer on cheek tone and oral competence in long‐standing facial paralysis of patients by using Blasco index
Authors: Bali Zülfükar Ulaş , Tuluy Yavuz , Özkaya Ünsal Merve , Parspancı Aziz , Yoleri Levent , Keçeci Yavuz 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPurposeSmile and eyelid reanimation are generally emphasized in facial reanimation, but the loss of cheek tone provided by the buccinator muscle is not adequately addressed. The use of free gracilis muscle flap for facial reanimation has become widespread since it was used in head and neck reconstruction by Harii et al. The effect of free gracilis muscle transfer on drooling is not clearly defined in the literature. In our study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of free gracilis muscle transfer on drooling in patients with facial paralysis (FP) by using Blasco index. Smile function was overemphasized in the literature, but drooling was not evaluated. What happens to drooling after free functional muscle transfer was not clear, so this study was designed to evaluate improvement in drooling.Patients and MethodsDrooling and smile were evaluated in 11 patients (4 male, 7 female) who underwent facial reanimation with a free functional gracilis muscle transfer (FFGMT), in long‐standing FP. The mean age was 39.9 years (range 22–56 years). Etiology was idiopathic in two patients, trauma in five patients, and intracranial tumor in four patients. Photographs and video recordings were taken preoperatively and at the first year postoperatively. The muscle was stitched to the upper lip, corner of the mouth, lower lip and the preauricular region. Masseteric nerve was preferred as donor nerve. Smile restoration was evaluated according to the five‐stage classification defined by Terzis and Noah.ResultsFlap dimensions differed from 12 cm× 5 cm to 15 cm× 6 cm. Oral intake was stopped for 5 days, and speaking was restricted postoperatively. Patients exercised for about 1 h starting from the postoperative third month. Patients were followed up for an average of 26.5 (14–48) months postoperatively. Postop courses were uneventful, and we did not observe any complications in these patients. Preoperative Blasco index score was 3 in 6 patients, 2 in 5 patients and the mean scores were 2.54 ± 0.52. Patients were followed for 1 year. No drooling was observed in the postoperative first year. The Blasco index score was 0 for all patients. The decrease in postoperative scores was found to be statistically significant (p < .01). Smile restoration was evaluated according to the five‐stage classification defined by Terzis and Noah for facial reanimation after muscle transfer. Excellent results (grade 5) were obtained in 6 patients, good results (grade 4) in 4 patients and moderate results (grade 3) in 1 patient.ConclusionFree functional gracilis muscle transfer improves chewing functions and prevents drooling. This case series reveals that FFGMT can be a good option to enable cheek tone in long‐standing FP of patients.
Complications of pectoralis major myo‐cutaneous flap, anterolateral thigh flap and radial forearm free flap after total laryngectomy with partial pharyngectomy: A systematic review and network meta‐analysis
Authors: Costantino Andrea , Festa Bianca Maria , Kim Se‐Heon , Baik Fred M. , Wang Chen‐Chi , Pirola Francesca , Malvezzi Luca , Spriano Giuseppe , Mercante Giuseppe , De Virgilio Armando 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundNo consensus exists regarding the most effective reconstruction after total laryngectomy with partial pharyngectomy (TLwPP). This study aims to compare different reconstructive techniques (pectoralis major myo‐cutaneous flap, PMMCF; anterolateral thigh flap, ALTF; radial forearm free flap, RFFF) after TLwPP in terms of pharyngocutaneous fistula (PCF), stenosis and feeding tube dependence (FTD) incidence.MethodsThe Scopus, PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases were searched. A single‐arm meta‐analysis was performed for PCF incidence, stenosis incidence, and FTD incidence on the entire cohort. An arm‐based network analysis was conducted to compare three different surgical interventions (PMMCF, ALTF, RFFF).ResultsA total of 13 studies and 232 patients were included in the network meta‐analysis. The lowest PCF absolute risk was measured for the RFFF (11.7%, 95% CI: 2.8%–33.4%), compared to the ALTF (13.4%, 95% CI: 4.5%–32.1%) and the PMMC (49.0%, 95% CI: 19.2%–79.3%). The RFFF showed a stenosis absolute risk of 0.0% (95% CI: 0.0%–1.1%), while a higher stenosis incidence was measured for the ALTF (5.7%, 95% CI: 0.8%–25.2%) and the PMMCF (11.6%, 95% CI: 0.8%–55.1%). The RFFF showed the lowest absolute risk of FTD incidence (6.8%, 95% CI: 0.5%–28.1%) compared to the other reconstructive techniques (PMMCF: 12.4%, 95% CI: 2.4%–42.1%; ALTF: 17.5%, 95% CI: 6.4%–38.9%).ConclusionsThe RFFF seems the best choice for reconstruction of partial pharyngeal defects after TLwPP due to the lower incidence of PCF, stenosis and FTD compared to the ALTF and the PMMCF.
4D Golden‐Angle Radial MRI at Subsecond Temporal Resolution
Authors: Feng Li 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntraframe motion blurring, as a major challenge in free‐breathing dynamic MRI, can be reduced if high temporal resolution can be achieved. To address this challenge, this work proposes a highly accelerated 4D (3D + time) dynamic MRI framework with subsecond temporal resolution that does not require explicit motion compensation. The method combines standard stack‐of‐stars golden‐angle radial sampling and tailored GRASP‐Pro (Golden‐angle RAdial Sparse Parallel imaging with imProved performance) reconstruction. Specifically, 4D dynamic MRI acquisition is performed continuously without motion gating or sorting. The k‐space centers in stack‐of‐stars radial data are organized to guide estimation of a temporal basis, with which GRASP‐Pro reconstruction is employed to enforce joint low‐rank subspace and sparsity constraints. This new basis estimation strategy is the new feature proposed for subspace‐based reconstruction in this work to achieve high temporal resolution (e.g., subsecond/3D volume). It does not require sequence modification to acquire additional navigation data, it is compatible with commercially available stack‐of‐stars sequences, and it does not need an intermediate reconstruction step. The proposed 4D dynamic MRI approach was tested in abdominal motion phantom, free‐breathing abdominal MRI, and dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI (DCE‐MRI). Our results have shown that GRASP‐Pro reconstruction with the new basis estimation strategy enables highly‐accelerated 4D dynamic imaging at subsecond temporal resolution (with five spokes or less for each dynamic frame per image slice) for both free‐breathing non‐DCE‐MRI and DCE‐MRI. In the abdominal phantom, better image quality with lower root mean square error and higher structural similarity index was achieved using GRASP‐Pro compared with standard GRASP. With the ability to acquire each 3D image in less than 1 s, intraframe respiratory blurring can be intrinsically reduced for body applications with our approach, which eliminates the need for explicit motion detection and motion compensation.
In vivo assignment of methylmalonic acid in breast tissue using 2D MRS and relationship with breast density, menopausal status and cancer risk
Authors: Santamaría Gorane , Naude Natali , Bennett Ian , Vosburgh Kirby , Ganau Sergi , Bargalló Xavier , Malycha Peter , Mountford Carolyn 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundMethylmalonic acid (MMA) is linked to progression and aggressiveness of tumours. A recent study showed that high levels of circulatory MMA directed genetic programs promoting cancer progression.PurposeTo evaluate in vivo two‐dimensional correlated spectroscopy (2D COSY) data from women at elevated risk of breast cancer to determine if resonances consistent with MMA are present, and if so to correlate levels with breast density, menopausal status and risk categories.Materials and methodsWith institutional review board approval, 106 women at elevated risk (mean age 47), including 46 participants at medium risk, 43 at high risk with no known mutation and 17 BRCA‐mutation carriers, were recruited. Breast density was assessed using a T2 sequence. A T1 sequence was used to place the voxel for the 2D COSY data. Peak volumes were normalized to the methylene peak at (1.30, 1.30) ppm. Chi‐squared and Mann–Whitney tests were used.ResultsTwo resonances are assigned on the diagonal at 3.15 ppm and 3.19 ppm consistent with and denoted MMA1 and MMA2 respectively. MMA1 and MMA2 increased in parallel with increased risk. BRCA‐mutation carriers recorded an increase in mean MMA1 of 120% (p = 0.033) and MMA2 of 127% (p = 0.020) in comparison with participants with no known mutation. BRCA‐mutation carriers with dense breasts recorded a significant increase in mean MMA1 of 137% (p = 0.002) and in mean MMA2 of 143% (p = 0.004) compared with BRCA‐mutation participants with low‐density breast tissue. MMA1 and MMA2 were higher in premenopausal women with dense breasts compared with those with low‐density tissue. The highest values of MMA were recorded in BRCA‐mutation carriers.ConclusionTwo tentative assignments are made for MMA in breast tissue of women at elevated risk for cancer. BRCA‐mutation carriers exhibited higher values of MMA than those with no known mutation. Premenopausal women with BRCA mutation and dense breasts recorded the highest levels of MMA compared with other categories.
Super‐ductile and stiff PBAT/PLA biodegradable composites balanced with random PMMA‐co‐GMA copolymer as compatibilizer
Authors: Sui Xinyi , Zhao Xiangyu , Wang Zicheng , Sun Shulin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPoly(butylene adipate–butylene terephthalate) (PBAT) and poly(lactic acid) (PLA) biodegradable composites have been prepared by the melt‐blending method using a new methyl methacrylate and glycidyl methacrylate random copolymer (MG) as compatibilizer. The compatibilization reaction between the epoxy functional groups in MG and the carboxyl groups in PBAT and PLA resulted in the formation of branched PBAT‐co‐MG‐co‐PLA macromolecules and improved compatibility. The compatibilization effect induced higher glass transition temperature for PBAT and PLA. The addition of MG had little influence on the melting process of PBAT. However, the fine miscibility between PLA and MG inhibited cold crystallization and the following melting behavior of PLA. The compatibilization effect promoted the uniform dispersion and smaller particle size of the PLA phase, which enhanced the heterogeneous nucleation effect of PLA and induced higher crystallization temperature of PBAT. Dynamic rheological tests showed that PBAT/PLA/MG blends exhibited higher complex viscosity and modulus than PBAT and PBAT/PLA blend, proving the improved interfacial interaction and melt strength. Compared with the PBAT/PLA composite, PBAT/PLA/MG blends showed much better ductility and stiffness balance because of the compatibilization effect of MG. When MG concentration was 6 wt%, the blend achieved a maximum strain of 694% and tensile strength of 49.3 MPa, which were 1.8 and 4.3 times higher than those of the PBAT/PLA composite. © 2022 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Recent developments of polysaccharide‐based double‐network hydrogels
Authors: Zhang Haodong , Shi Ling Wa Eric , Zhou Jinping 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPolysaccharides possessing distinctive properties, such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, and nontoxicity, are promising matrices for hydrogels. However, the polysaccharides‐based hydrogels have poor mechanical properties, which is a major limitation for their applications. In recent years, researches on double‐network (DN) hydrogels with outstanding mechanical properties have gained increasing attention. Therefore, the main research orientation is to combine the benefits of both materials and broaden their applications in various fields. This paper reviews the recent progress of polysaccharide‐based DN (PDN) hydrogels that show great advantages in mechanical, physiochemical properties, biocompatibility, biodegradability and so on. The preparation, structure, and unique properties of different PDN hydrogels are discussed in detail. Moreover, we summarize the applications of PDN hydrogels in biomedical and energy storage and conversion fields. This research progress is breaking through the limitations of PDN hydrogels and opening a new avenue for their future development.
Numerical Modeling and Experimental Investigation of Spray Combustion Process in Regenerative Liquid Propellant Mortar
Authors: Liu Ning , Sun Mingliang , Shen Yanping 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRegenerative liquid propellant guns (RLPGs) have been studied for many years. However, the presence of large pressure oscillations is observed in almost each RLPG firing. In order to push forward the liquid propellant application in guns, a low pressure firing system called regenerative liquid propellant mortar (RLPM) is developed. The multiphase multidimensional fluid‐dynamics model is presented to research the interior ballistic properties of RLPM. A high‐speed liquid sheet spray model is presented for the annular jet in RLPM based on the linear stability analysis and surface wave breakup theory. In addition to the jet atomization, the droplets secondary breakup is considered. The experiments on a 60 mm RLPM test fixture are carried out, and the results indicate that the liquid propellant combustion oscillations are effectively suppressed. The spray and combustion processes have been simulated for the 60 mm RLPM which are in agreement with the experimental data well. Numerical results indicate an important benefit for the RLPM that the muzzle velocity is improved by increasing the charge quantity while the maximum chamber pressure remains unchanged.