bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How can community participation strengthen a health insurance system? The case of health insurer’s user associations in Colombia
Authors: Bolivar-Vargas Mery , Alfonso-Sierra Eduardo , Bonilla Janet , Herrera Martha , Rodriguez Haydee , Villar-Uribe Manuela , Scott Kerry , Mathauer Inke 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundColombia’s universal health coverage programme has enrolled 98% of the population, thereby improving financial protection and health outcomes. The right to participate in the organisation of healthcare is enshrined in the 1991 Colombian Constitution. One participatory mechanism is the legal and regulatory provision that citizens can form user associations. This study examines the functionality of health insurance user associations and their influence on citizen empowerment and health insurance responsiveness.MethodsThe mixed methods study includes document review (n=72), a survey of beneficiaries (n=1311), a survey of user associations members (n=27), as well as interviews (n=19), focus group discussions (n=6) and stakeholder consultations (n=6) with user association members, government officials, and representatives from insurers, the pharmaceutical industry, and patient associations. Analysis used a content–process–context framework to understand how user associations are designed to work according to policy content, how they actually work in terms of coverage, public awareness, membership, and effectiveness, and contextual influences.FindingsColombia’s user associations have a mandate to represent citizens’ interests, enable participation in insurer decision-making, ‘defend users’ and oversee quality services. Insurers are mandated to ensure their enrollees create user associations, but are not required to provide resources to support their work. Thus, we found that user associations had been formed throughout the country, but the public was widely unaware of their existence. Many associations were weak, passive or entirely inactive. Limited market competition and toothless policies about user associations made insurers indifferent to community involvement.ConclusionCurrently, the initiative suffers from low awareness and low participation levels that can hardly lead to empowered enrollees and more responsive health insurance programmes. Yet, most stakeholders value the space to participate and still see potential in the initiative. This warrants a range of policy recommendations to strengthen user associations and truly enable them to effect change.
Effectiveness of a community-based education and peer support led by women’s self-help groups in improving the control of hypertension in urban slums of Kerala, India: a cluster randomised controlled pragmatic trial
Authors: P Suseela Rakesh , Ambika Renjini Balakrishnan , Mohandas Sreelakshmi , Menon Jaideep C , Numpelil Mathews , K Vasudevan Beena , Ved Rajani , Danaei Goodarz , Spiegelman Donna 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundWith less than 20% of people with hypertension achieving their target blood pressure (BP) goals, uncontrolled hypertension remains a major public health problem in India. We conducted a study to assess the effectiveness of a community-based education and peer support programme led by women’s self-help group (SHG) members in reducing the mean systolic BP among people with hypertension in urban slums of Kochi city, Kerala, India.MethodsA cluster randomised controlled pragmatic trial was conducted where 20 slums were randomised to either the intervention or the control arms. In each slum, participants who had elevated BP (>140/90) or were on antihypertensive medications were recruited. The intervention was delivered through women’s SHG members (1 per 20–30 households) who provided (1) assistance in daily hypertension management, (2) social and emotional support to encourage healthy behaviours and (3) referral to the primary healthcare system. Those in the control arm received standard of care. The primary outcome was change in mean systolic BP (SBP) after 6 months.ResultsA total of 1952 participants were recruited—968 in the intervention arm and 984 in the control arm. Mean SBP was reduced by 6.26 mm Hg (SE 0.69) in the intervention arm compared with 2.16 mm Hg (SE 0.70) in the control arm; the net difference being 4.09 (95% CI 2.15 to 4.09), p<0.001.ConclusionThis women’s SHG members led community intervention was effective in reducing SBP among people with hypertension compared with those who received usual care, over 6 months in urban slums of Kerala, India.Trial registration numberCTRI/2019/12/022252.
Prevalence and global estimates of unsafe listening practices in adolescents and young adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Dillard Lauren K , Arunda Malachi Ochieng , Lopez-Perez Lucero , Martinez Ricardo X , Jiménez Lucía , Chadha Shelly 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionThis study aimed to determine the prevalence of unsafe listening practices from exposure to personal listening devices (PLDs) and loud entertainment venues in individuals aged 12–34 years, and to estimate the number of young people who could be at risk of hearing loss from unsafe listening worldwide.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the prevalence of unsafe listening practices from PLDs and loud entertainment venues. We searched three databases for peer-reviewed articles published between 2000 and 2021 that reported unsafe listening practices in individuals aged 12–34 years. Pooled prevalence estimates (95% CI) of exposed populations were calculated using random effects models or ascertained from the systematic review. The number of young people who could be at risk of hearing loss worldwide was estimated from the estimated global population aged 12–34 years, and best estimates of exposure to unsafe listening ascertained from this review.ResultsThirty-three studies (corresponding to data from 35 records and 19 046 individuals) were included; 17 and 18 records focused on PLD use and loud entertainment venues, respectively. The pooled prevalence estimate of exposure to unsafe listening from PLDs was 23.81% (95% CI 18.99% to 29.42%). There was limited certainty (p>0.50) in our pooled prevalence estimate for loud entertainment venues. Thus, we fitted a model as a function of intensity thresholds and exposure duration to identify the prevalence estimate as 48.20%. The global estimated number of young people who could be at risk of hearing loss from exposure to unsafe listening practices ranged from 0.67 to 1.35 billion.ConclusionsUnsafe listening practices are highly prevalent worldwide and may place over 1 billion young people at risk of hearing loss. There is an urgent need to prioritise policy focused on safe listening. The World Health Organization provides comprehensive materials to aid in policy development and implementation.
Associations between circulating interferon and kynurenine/tryptophan pathway metabolites: support for a novel potential mechanism for cognitive dysfunction in SLE
Authors: Anderson Erik W , Jin Ying , Shih Andrew , Arazi Arnon , Goodwin Sara , Roeser Julien , Furie Richard A , Aranow Cynthia , Volpe Bruce , Diamond Betty , Mackay Meggan 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveQuinolinic acid (QA), a kynurenine (KYN)/tryptophan (TRP) pathway metabolite, is an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor agonist that can produce excitotoxic neuron damage. Type I and II interferons (IFNs) stimulate the KYN/TRP pathway, producing elevated QA/kynurenic acid (KA), a potential neurotoxic imbalance that may contribute to SLE-mediated cognitive dysfunction. We determined whether peripheral blood interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) expression associates with elevated serum KYN:TRP and QA:KA ratios in SLE.MethodsISG expression (whole-blood RNA sequencing) and serum metabolite ratios (high-performance liquid chromatography) were measured in 72 subjects with SLE and 73 healthy controls (HCs). ISG were identified from published gene sets and individual IFN scores were derived to analyse associations with metabolite ratios, clinical parameters and neuropsychological assessments. SLE analyses were grouped by level of ISG expression (‘IFN high’, ‘IFN low’ and ‘IFN similar to HC’) and level of monocyte-associated gene expression (using CIBERSORTx).ResultsSerum KYN:TRP and QA:KA ratios were higher in SLE than in HC (p<0.01). 933 genes were differentially expressed ≥2-fold in SLE versus HC (p<0.05). 70 of the top 100 most highly variant genes were ISG. Approximately half of overexpressed genes that correlated with KYN:TRP and QA:KA ratios (p<0.05) were ISG. In 36 IFN-high subjects with SLE, IFN scores correlated with KYN:TRP ratios (p<0.01), but not with QA:KA ratios. Of these 36 subjects, 23 had high monocyte-associated gene expression, and in this subgroup, the IFN scores correlated with both KY:NTRP and QA:KA ratios (p<0.05).ConclusionsHigh ISG expression correlated with elevated KYN:TRP ratios in subjects with SLE, suggesting IFN-mediated KYN/TRP pathway activation, and with QA:KA ratios in a subset with high monocyte-associated gene expression, suggesting that KYN/TRP pathway activation may be particularly important in monocytes. These results need validation, which may aid in determining which patient subset may benefit from therapeutics directed at the IFN or KYN/TRP pathways to ameliorate a potentially neurotoxic QA/KA imbalance.
Two-photon exchange in (muonic) deuterium at N3LO in pionless effective field theory
Authors: Lensky Vadim , Hagelstein Franziska , Pascalutsa Vladimir 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe present a study of the two-photon-exchange (2$$\upgamma $$
γ
-exchange) corrections to the S-levels in muonic ($$\mu $$
μ
D) and ordinary (D) deuterium within the pionless effective field theory ("Equation missing"EFT). Our calculation proceeds up to next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order (N3LO) in the "Equation missing"EFT expansion. The only unknown low-energy constant entering the calculation at this order corresponds to the coupling of a longitudinal photon to the nucleon–nucleon system. To minimise its correlation with the deuteron charge radius, it is extracted using the information about the hydrogen–deuterium isotope shift. We find the elastic 2$$\upgamma $$
γ
-exchange contribution in $$\mu $$
μ
D larger by several standard deviations than obtained in other recent calculations. This discrepancy ameliorates the mismatch between theory and experiment on the size of 2$$\upgamma $$
γ
-exchange effects, and is attributed to the properties of the deuteron elastic charge form factor parametrisation used to evaluate the elastic contribution. We identify a correlation between the deuteron charge and Friar radii, which can help one to judge how well a form factor parametrisation describes the low-virtuality properties of the deuteron. We also evaluate the higher-order 2$$\upgamma $$
γ
-exchange contributions in $$\mu $$
μ
D, generated by the single-nucleon structure and expected to be the most important terms beyond N3LO. The uncertainty of the theoretical result is dominated by the truncation of the "Equation missing"EFT series and is quantified using a Bayesian approach. The resulting extractions of the deuteron charge radius from the $$\mu $$
μ
D Lamb shift, the $$2S{-}1S$$

2
S
-
1
S

transition in D, and the $$2S{-}1S$$

2
S
-
1
S

hydrogen–deuterium isotope shift, with the respective 2$$\upgamma $$
γ
-exchange effects evaluated in a unified "Equation missing"EFT approach, are in perfect agreement.
Targeting MLL Methyltransferases Enhances the Antitumor Effects of PI3K Inhibition in Hormone Receptor–positive Breast Cancer
Authors: Jones Robert B. , Farhi Jonathan , Adams Miranda , Parwani Kiran K. , Cooper Garrett W. , Zecevic Milica , Lee Richard S. , Hong Andrew L. , Spangle Jennifer M. 
Published: November 2022

The high frequency of aberrant PI3K pathway activation in hormone receptor–positive (HR+) breast cancer has led to the development, clinical testing, and approval of the p110α-selective PI3K inhibitor alpelisib. The limited clinical efficacy of alpelisib and other PI3K inhibitors is partially attributed to the functional antagonism between PI3K and estrogen receptor (ER) signaling, which is mitigated via combined PI3K inhibition and endocrine therapy. We and others have previously demonstrated chromatin-associated mechanisms by which PI3K supports cancer development and antagonizes ER signaling through the modulation of the H3K4 methylation axis, inhibition of KDM5A promoter H3K4 demethylation and KMT2D/MLL4-directed enhancer H3K4 methylation. Here we show that inhibition of the H3K4 histone methyltransferase MLL1 in combination with PI3K inhibition impairs HR+ breast cancer clonogenicity and cell proliferation. While combined PI3K/MLL1 inhibition reduces PI3K/AKT signaling and H3K4 methylation, MLL1 inhibition increases PI3K/AKT signaling through the dysregulation of gene expression associated with AKT activation. These data reveal a feedback loop between MLL1 and AKT whereby MLL1 inhibition reactivates AKT. We show that combined PI3K and MLL1 inhibition synergizes to cause cell death in in vitro and in vivo models of HR+ breast cancer, which is enhanced by the additional genetic ablation of the H3K4 methyltransferase and AKT target KMT2D/MLL4. Together, our data provide evidence of a feedback mechanism connecting histone methylation with AKT and may support the preclinical development and testing of pan-MLL inhibitors.Significance:Here the authors leverage PI3K/AKT-driven chromatin modification to identify histone methyltransferases as a therapeutic target. Dual PI3K and MLL inhibition synergize to reduce clonogenicity and cell proliferation, and promote in vivo tumor regression. These findings suggest patients with PIK3CA-mutant, HR+ breast cancer may derive clinical benefit from combined PI3K/MLL inhibition.
From Anti-Government to Anti-Science: Why Conservatives Have Turned Against Science
Authors: Oreskes Naomi , Conway Erik M. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Empirical data do not support the conclusion of a crisis of public trust in science. They do support the conclusion of a crisis of conservative trust in science: polls show that American attitudes toward science are highly polarized along political lines. In this essay, we argue that conservative hostility toward science is rooted in conservative hostility toward government regulation of the marketplace, which has morphed in recent decades into conservative hostility to government, tout court. This distrust was cultivated by conservative business leaders for nearly a century, but took strong hold during the Reagan administration, largely in response to scientific evidence of environmental crises that invited governmental response. Thus, science-particularly environmental and public health science-became the target of conservative anti-regulatory attitudes. We argue that contemporary distrust of science is mostly collateral damage, a spillover from carefully orchestrated conservative distrust of government.
What Does “Trust in the Media” Mean?
Authors: Schudson Michael 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Is public trust in the news media in decline? So polls seem to indicate. But the decline goes back to the early 1970s, and it may be that “trust” in the media at that point was too high for the good of a journalism trying to serve democracy. And “the media” is a very recent (1970s) notion popularized by some because it sounded more abstract and distant than a familiar term like “the press.” It may even be that people answering a pollster are not trying to report accurately their level of trust but are acting politically to align themselves with their favored party's perceived critique of the media. This essay tries to reach a deeper understanding of what gives rise to faith or skepticism in various cultural authorities, including journalism.
Specific Sources of Trust in Generals: Individual-Level Trust in the
U.S. Military
Authors: Margulies Max , Blankshain Jessica 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This essay explores the individual-level determinants of trust in the U.S. military. Prior research has identified five possible drivers of societal trust in the military: performance, professionalism, persuasion, personal connection, and partisanship. Using data from the American National Election Studies and the General Social Survey, we emphasize the importance of understanding trust at an individual level, as perceptions of military performance and professionalism are not objective but mediated by individual-level factors. Our findings reinforce mixed support for trust being linked to assessments of military success on or off the battlefield, and undermine arguments that relate high trust to a widening gap between the military and civilian society. We also present new evidence for generational and ideational sources of military trust consistent with recent speculation that trust in the military is declining. Overall, we show that individual-level trust may be difficult to change, but that public trust in the military has consequences for a variety of defense-oriented policies.
Parenthetical conditionals and insubordinate clauses in Ancient Greek
Authors: Ruiz Yamuza Emilia 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The purpose of the article is an in-depth study of the pragmatic and textual functions of several conditional clauses of ancient Greek constructed with verbs meaning “to want”. As a prior step, six types of structures are identified applying Thetical Grammar concepts and the idea of insubordination: five of these are parenthetical, and one is insubordinate. The structures work in the domain of speaker/hearer interaction, the domain of text organisation—reformulators and exemplifiers—and the domain of expressing the speaker’s attitudes.
Legal Certainty and Stability in the Face of Sea Level Rise: Trends in the Development of State Practice and International Law Scholarship on Maritime Limits and Boundaries
Authors: Vidas Davor , Freestone David 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This article identifies and documents a trend in State practice over the past decade or so, regarding the impact of sea level rise on the lawfully determined limits of maritime zones and the existing maritime boundaries. It juxtaposes this development with the findings and recommendations of two committees of the International Law Association in 2012 and 2018 – the Committees on Baselines and Sea Level Rise – and examines the role played since 2019 by the International Law Commission. It explores the implications of emerging State practice for the interpretation of the rules and principles of the 1982 UN Law of the Sea Convention. It documents the complex interactions between the findings of international law scholarship and the evolution of State practice, and concludes that this interaction has played an important role in facilitating legal certainty and stability in the development of a response to this increasingly pressing international law issue.
Might as Right? The Nature of Laws of War applicable to Targeting and Detention in International Armed Conflicts
Authors: Kinoti Festus M. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Do laws of war applicable to International Armed Conflicts (iac s) authorize targeting and detention or do they simply regulate targeting and detention as an exercise of power in war by belligerents without providing authorization? This question has been the subject of debate in the recent past. The traditional understanding of laws of war, simply as a protective regime has come under increasing challenge from claims laws of war authorize targeting and detention in International Armed Conflicts. While these claims have mainly been made to establish in laws of war satisfaction for the requirement of Human rights law for a legal basis for targeting and detention, the transmutation of what in the perspective of laws of war is simply an exercise of power into legal permission has consequences beyond that relationship. It also impacts the relationship between laws of war and jus ad bellum, and more gravely it cloaks what is an otherwise exercise of brute power in war with the garb of legal competence. It transmutes what is simply might into right. The transmutation, re characterizes an iac from the perspective of laws of war as simply a fact, into its legal construct. Therefore, this paper interrogates the nature of the laws of war, to show they simply regulate targeting and detention in iac s without providing legal permission.
Endoscopic Endonasal Surgery for Dermoid Cysts Arising From the Middle Cranial Fossa Floor: A Rare Case Series
Authors: Xu Haoyuan , Li Wanpeng , Zhang Huankang , Wang Huan , Hu Li , Wang Dehui 
Published: November 2022

Objective Dermoid cysts (DCs) are congenital, slowly growing, and may cause nervous system symptoms. Related literature is limited and mainly includes case reports. We report a case series of DCs originating from the middle cranial fossa floor (MCFF) and investigate their demographic information, clinical characteristics, imaging findings, surgical procedures, and prognostic outcomes. Methods We reviewed the patients with DCs arising from the MCFF undergoing endoscopic endonasal surgery (EES) in our center between 2012 and 2022. Results A total of 5 patients with DCs were enrolled (2 males and 3 females), with a mean age of 46.2 years at the onset. All DCs originated from the MCFF with 1 case involving the middle cranial fossa bone and another 1 case affecting the dura mater. One (20.0%) patient had neurological involvement. After admission, all patients received EES with a total resection rate of 100.0% (5 of 5). After a median follow-up of 73.2 months, all patients achieved complete clinical and radiological improvements. No surgical-related complications or relapses were observed during the long-term follow-up. Conclusion Endoscopic endonasal surgery is considered a safe and effective approach for the treatment of DCs in the MCFF. A larger sample size and longer follow-up time are needed.
Longitudinal associations between mindfulness and change in attachment orientations in couples: The role of relationship preoccupation and empathy
Authors: Gazder Taranah , Stanton Sarah C. E. 
Published: November 2022

Attachment orientations predict relationship outcomes and health and well-being, making it important to illuminate factors which enhance attachment security. We investigated how general and relationship-specific mindfulness predict changes in attachment orientations in couples over time, testing relationship preoccupation and partner-focused empathy as mediators. We also explored whether the longitudinal links between general mindfulness and attachment are bidirectional. Couples reported their general and relationship mindfulness and attachment orientations in a baseline session (Phase 1). They then reported relationship preoccupation and empathy each day for 14 days (Phase 2). Lastly, they reported general mindfulness and attachment orientations 2 months later (Phase 3). Results revealed that higher Phase 1 actor general—but not relationship—mindfulness directly predicted Phase 1-3 decreases in actor attachment anxiety. Conversely, greater Phase 1 actor relationship—but not general—mindfulness indirectly predicted Phase 1-3 decreases in actor attachment avoidance via greater Phase 2 actor empathy. Finally, lower Phase 1 actor and partner attachment anxiety directly predicted Phase 1-3 increases in general mindfulness. This research provides the first dyadic longitudinal demonstration of the interplay between partners’ mindfulness and attachment.