bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CULTURAL VALUE AND EVOLVING TECHNOLOGIES: INSTANCES FROM MUSIC AND VISUAL ART
Authors: Asia Daniel , Gordon Robert Edward 
Published: June 2022

AbstractScientific advancement is inextricably linked to cultural advancement, and historically the arts have worked hand in hand with technological change. This essay explores some of the connections that exist between science, technology, and the arts, privileging instances where technological change resulted in new forms of artistic creation. Although the role of the arts in contemporary society has ebbed in comparison to that of technology and science, the essay argues that quality, meaningfulness, and longevity are key components in how the arts can retain cultural value in today’s technocentric world. It explores significant instances from the history of music and visual art as the authors make the case that the methods of science and art are both distinct yet commensurate in their ability to shape the values and ideas of contemporary society.
THE PERPETUAL STRUGGLE: HOW THE COEVOLUTION OF HIERARCHY AND RESISTANCE DRIVES THE EVOLUTION OF MORALITY AND INSTITUTIONS
Authors: Buchanan Allen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSince the earliest human societies, there has been an ongoing struggle between hierarchy and resistance to hierarchy, and this struggle is a major driver of the evolution of moralities and of institutions. Attempts to initiate or sustain hierarchies are often met with resistance; hierarchs then adopt new strategies, which in turn prompt new strategies of resistance; and so on. The key point is that the struggle is typically conducted using moral concepts in justifications for or against unequal power and involves the stimulation of the moral emotions. Both parties to the struggle treat morality as a valuable strategic resource; and the dynamic of interaction between hierarchs and resisters generates changes in that resource. The hierarch/resister struggle is in part a competition between moral concepts and justifications, and that competition drives the emergence of new moral concepts and justifications, just as competition in other contexts generates innovations. Among the moral concepts generated by the struggle are the following: authority, legitimacy, aristocracy, the divine right of kings, the mandate of heaven, natural rights, civil and political rights, constitutionalism, the rule of law, sovereignty, collective self-determination, exploitation, oppression, and domination.
THE PREHISTORIC ORIGINS OF EUROPEAN ECONOMIC INTEGRATION
Authors: Grantham George 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIt appears likely that at its peak the classical economy was almost as large as that of Western Europe during the Industrial Revolution. The following review of the archeological and document evidence indicates that three events occurring in the first half of the first millennium BC trigger the emergence of a specialized and integrated classical economy after 500 BC: (i) growth in demand for silver as a medium of exchange in economies in the Near East; (ii) technical breakthroughs in hull construction and sailing rig in merchant shipping of the late Bronze Age; (iii) perfection of ferrous metallurgy into the European hinterland. This last event raised agricultural productivity to a level capable of supporting the occupational specialization needed to sustain a vigorous trading economy. To these initial causes may be added the diffusion of alphabetic writing. While it did not create opportunities for long-distance trade, the diffusion of writing supplied the means of responding on a scale large enough economically to matter.
Use of cannabis in the treatment of animals: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Lima Tácio de Mendonça , Santiago Nathania Rodrigues , Alves Elaine Cristina Ramos , Chaves Douglas Siqueira de Almeida , Visacri Marília Berlofa 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCannabis is used in the treatment of several human conditions; however, its use is still less explored in veterinary medicine. This systematic review aims to summarize the evidence of efficacy and safety of the use of cannabis for the treatment of animal disease. A literature search was performed for studies published until 16 March 2021 in five databases. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that reported the efficacy or safety of cannabis in the treatment of animal disease were included. The RoB 2 Tool was used to assess the risk of bias. A total of 2427 records were identified, of which six studies fully met the eligibility criteria. RCTs were conducted in dogs with osteoarthritis (n= 4), with epilepsy (n= 1), and with behavioral disorders (n= 1). All studies used cannabidiol (CBD) oil in monotherapy or in combination with other drugs. Studies used CBD at 2 or 2.5 mg kg−1twice daily (n= 4), orally (n= 5), during 4 or 6 weeks (n= 3), and compared CBD with placebo (n= 5). CBD significantly reduced pain and increased activity in dogs with osteoarthritis (n= 3). Moreover, CBD significantly reduced the frequency of seizures in dogs with epilepsy (n= 1) and the aggressive behavior of dogs (n= 1). Although promising results were identified, studies were heterogeneous and presented risks of bias that required caution in the interpretation of findings. Therefore, there was some evidence to support the use of CBD in dogs with osteoarthritis to reduce pain and increased activity, but limited evidence against epilepsy and behavioral problems. In addition, CBD was well tolerated with mild adverse effects. More RCTs with high quality of evidence are needed, including greater numbers of animal subjects, additional species, and clear readout measures to confirm these findings.
Low Thermal Conductivity of Hydrous Phase D Leads to a Self‐Preservation Effect Within a Subducting Slab
Authors: Hsieh Wen‐Pin , Marzotto Enrico , Ishii Takayuki , Dubrovinsky Leonid , Aslandukova Alena A. , Criniti Giacomo , Tsao Yi‐Chi , Lin Chun‐Hung , Tsuchiya Jun , Ohtani Eiji 
Published: June 2022

AbstractEarth's deep water cycle impacts the physical and chemical properties and geodynamics in its deep interior. However, how dense hydrous magnesium silicates (DHMSs) influence the thermal evolution and dynamics of sinking slabs remains poorly understood. We have precisely measured thermal conductivity of phase D, an important DHMS that could carry large amounts of water from the mantle transition zone to the lower mantle, at high pressure‐temperature conditions. The thermal conductivity of (Al,Fe)‐bearing phase D is lower than those of the pyrolitic mantle and basaltic crust along slab subduction, except for the depth range of ∼800–1,100 km where a spin transition of iron occurs. Numerical simulations indicate that although the spin transition in phase D has minor effects on slab's temperature due to its small volume fraction, the poorly thermally‐conductive hydrous minerals contribute to maintain a cold hydrous layer within a sinking slab, stabilizing slab hydrous minerals and promoting water transportation to the deeper mantle.
Magnetic force microscopy of an operational spin nano-oscillator
Authors: Banuazizi Seyed Amir Hossein , Houshang Afshin , Awad Ahmad A. , Mohammadi Javad , Åkerman Johan , Belova Liubov M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMagnetic force microscopy (MFM) is a powerful technique for studying magnetic microstructures and nanostructures that relies on force detection by a cantilever with a magnetic tip. The detected magnetic tip interactions are used to reconstruct the magnetic structure of the sample surface. Here, we demonstrate a new method using MFM for probing the spatial profile of an operational nanoscale spintronic device, the spin Hall nano-oscillator (SHNO), which generates high-intensity spin wave auto-oscillations enabling novel microwave applications in magnonics and neuromorphic computing. We developed an MFM system by adding a microwave probe station to allow electrical and microwave characterization up to 40 GHz during the MFM process. SHNOs—based on NiFe/Pt bilayers with a specific design compatible with the developed system—were fabricated and scanned using a Co magnetic force microscopy tip with 10 nm spatial MFM resolution, while a DC current sufficient to induce auto-oscillation flowed. Our results show that this developed method provides a promising path for the characterization and nanoscale magnetic field imaging of operational nano-oscillators.
CA125: a novel cardiac biomarker for infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Authors: Schroeder Lukas , Pugnaloni Flaminia , Dolscheid-Pommerich Ramona , Geipel Annegret , Berg Christoph , Holdenrieder Stefan , Mueller Andreas , Kipfmueller Florian 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
The carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) was proven as a robust biomarker for risk stratification in adults with heart failure. This is the first study analyzing CA125 in a cohort of infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH).

Methods
Sixty-eight infants with CDH, treated at the University Children’s Hospital Bonn (Germany), between January 2018 and February 2021, were prospectively enrolled for analysis. CA125 values were measured at the following timepoints: 6,12, 24, 48 h, and during ECMO daily from day 1 to day 7.

Results
In infants not surviving to discharge, CA125 values were significantly higher at day 1 (6, 12, and 24 h). Infants with subsequent need for ECMO presented significantly higher CA125 values at 12 h of life. During ECMO, CA125 values measured at day 1 were significantly higher in infants not surviving to discharge. In the ROC analysis, a CA125 value of ≥10 U/ml was calculated as optimal cut-off for the prediction of ECMO and in-hospital mortality. CA125 values correlated significantly with the severity of PH and ventricular dysfunction.

Conclusions
CA125 values correlate significantly with echocardiographic markers of PH and ventricular dysfunction and correlate significantly with parameters of disease severity (need for ECMO, mortality).

Impact

CA125 was proven as robust cardiac biomarker in adult cohorts.

Information about the utility as a biomarker in neonatal cohorts is lacking.

This is the first study analyzing CA125 as a cardiac biomarker in a cohort of infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH).

CA125 correlates significantly with markers of echocardiographic assessment (PH and ventricular dysfunction) in infants with CDH and helps to identify infants at high risk for ECMO and in-hospital mortality.

The results underline the need for the inclusion of cardiac biomarkers in the clinical routine in neonates at risk for cardiopulmonary failure.
Genetics of autism spectrum disorder: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses
Authors: Qiu Shuang , Qiu Yingjia , Li Yan , Cong Xianling 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a class of neurodevelopmental conditions with a large epidemiological and societal impact worldwide. To date, numerous studies have investigated the associations between genetic variants and ASD risk. To provide a robust synthesis of published evidence of candidate gene studies for ASD, we performed an umbrella review (UR) of meta-analyses of genetic studies for ASD (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42021221868). We systematically searched eight English and Chinese databases from inception to March 31, 2022. Reviewing of eligibility, data extraction, and quality assessment were performed by two authors. In total, 28 of 5062 retrieved articles were analyzed, which investigated a combined 41 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of nine candidate genes. Overall, 12 significant SNPs of CNTNAP2, MTHFR, OXTR, SLC25A12, and VDR were identified, of which associations with suggestive evidence included the C677T polymorphism of MTHFR (under allelic, dominant, and heterozygote models) and the rs731236 polymorphism of VDR (under allelic and homozygote models). Associations with weak evidence included the rs2710102 polymorphism of CNTNAP2 (under allelic, homozygote, and recessive models), the rs7794745 polymorphism of CNTNAP2 (under dominant and heterozygote models), the C677T polymorphism of MTHFR (under homozygote model), and the rs731236 polymorphism of VDR (under dominant and recessive models). Our UR summarizes research evidence on the genetics of ASD and provides a broad and detailed overview of risk genes for ASD. The rs2710102 and rs7794745 polymorphisms of CNTNAP2, C677T polymorphism of MTHFR, and rs731236 polymorphism of VDR may confer ASD risks. This study will provide clinicians and healthcare decision-makers with evidence-based information about the most salient candidate genes relevant to ASD and recommendations for future treatment, prevention, and research.
ID proteins promote the survival and primed-to-naive transition of human embryonic stem cells through TCF3-mediated transcription
Authors: Jiang Haibin , Du Mingxia , Li Yaning , Zhou Tengfei , Lei Jia , Liang Hongqing , Zhong Zhen , Al-Lamki Rafia S. , Jiang Ming , Yang Jun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractInhibition of DNA binding proteins 1 and 3 (ID1 and ID3) are important downstream targets of BMP signalling that are necessary for embryonic development. However, their specific roles in regulating the pluripotency of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) remain unclear. Here, we examined the roles of ID1 and ID3 in primed and naive-like hESCs and showed that ID1 and ID3 knockout lines (IDs KO) exhibited decreased survival in both primed and naive-like state. IDs KO lines in the primed state also tended to undergo pluripotent dissolution and ectodermal differentiation. IDs KO impeded the primed-to-naive transition (PNT) of hESCs, and overexpression of ID1 in primed hESCs promoted PNT. Furthermore, single-cell RNA sequencing demonstrated that ID1 and ID3 regulated the survival and pluripotency of hESCs through the AKT signalling pathway. Finally, we showed that TCF3 mediated transcriptional inhibition of MCL1 promotes AKT phosphorylation, which was confirmed by TCF3 knockdown in KO lines. Our study suggests that IDs/TCF3 acts through AKT signalling to promote survival and maintain pluripotency of both primed and naive-like hESCs.
Cysteamine exerts in vitro antiviral activity against the SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron variants
Authors: Alonzi Tonino , Aiello Alessandra , Repele Federica , Falasca Laura , Francalancia Massimo , Garbuglia Anna Rosa , Delogu Giovanni , Nicastri Emanuele , Piacentini Mauro , Goletti Delia 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe novel SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOC) represent a considerable global alarm because their mutations are known to affect transmissibility and cause immune escape. While preventing severe disease and deaths, the available vaccines do not avoid infection; therefore, COVID-19 disease management still requires effective therapies. We have recently reported that the aminothiol cysteamine, a drug already applied to humans, exerts direct antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 and has in vitro immunomodulatory effect. To evaluate whether this compound exerts antiviral effects also against SARS-CoV-2 variants, we performed different infected cell-based assays using Wild type, Delta, or Omicron VOC. We found that cysteamine significantly reduces the cytopathic effect induced by SARS-CoV-2 Wild type strain and Delta variant in Vero E6 cells. On the other hand, cysteamine had no effects on the survival of cells infected with the Omicron variant, due to the lack of cytotoxicity on Vero E6 cells, at least when infected at MOI = 0.001 for 72 h. Moreover, cysteamine significantly reduced the production of Wild type, Delta, and Omicron variants as measured by the virus released in the culture media (Vero E6 and Calu-3 cells) and by transmission electron microscopy analysis (Vero E6 cells). Notably, cysteamine is more effective in inhibiting the Omicron rather than Delta or Wild type viruses, with an 80% inhibition of Omicron production compared to 40% of Wild type and Delta variant. Overall, our findings demonstrate that cysteamine exerts direct antiviral actions against SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron variants, in addition to the Wild type virus. Our data further demonstrate that cysteamine is a good candidate as repurposing drug for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection for the present and, likely, the future VOC and, therefore, it would be important to investigate its clinical relevance in randomized clinical trials.
Remote solid cancers rewire hepatic nitrogen metabolism via host nicotinamide-N-methyltransferase
Authors: Mizuno Rin , Hojo Hiroaki , Takahashi Masatomo , Kashio Soshiro , Enya Sora , Nakao Motonao , Konishi Riyo , Yoda Mayuko , Harata Ayano , Hamanishi Junzo , Kawamoto Hiroshi , Mandai Masaki , Suzuki Yutaka , Miura Masayuki , Bamba Takeshi , Izumi Yoshihiro , Kawaoka Shinpei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCancers disrupt host homeostasis in various manners but the identity of host factors underlying such disruption remains largely unknown. Here we show that nicotinamide-N-methyltransferase (NNMT) is a host factor that mediates metabolic dysfunction in the livers of cancer-bearing mice. Multiple solid cancers distantly increase expression of Nnmt and its product 1-methylnicotinamide (MNAM) in the liver. Multi-omics analyses reveal suppression of the urea cycle accompanied by accumulation of amino acids, and enhancement of uracil biogenesis in the livers of cancer-bearing mice. Importantly, genetic deletion of Nnmt leads to alleviation of these metabolic abnormalities, and buffers cancer-dependent weight loss and reduction of the voluntary wheel-running activity. Our data also demonstrate that MNAM is capable of affecting urea cycle metabolites in the liver. These results suggest that cancers up-regulate the hepatic NNMT pathway to rewire liver metabolism towards uracil biogenesis rather than nitrogen disposal via the urea cycle, thereby disrupting host homeostasis.
Challenging the highstand-dormant paradigm for land-detached submarine canyons
Authors: Heijnen M. S. , Mienis F. , Gates A. R. , Bett B. J. , Hall R. A. , Hunt J. , Kane I. A. , Pebody C. , Huvenne V. A. I. , Soutter E. L. , Clare M. A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSediment, nutrients, organic carbon and pollutants are funnelled down submarine canyons from continental shelves by sediment-laden flows called turbidity currents, which dominate particulate transfer to the deep sea. Post-glacial sea-level rise disconnected more than three quarters of the >9000 submarine canyons worldwide from their former river or long-shore drift sediment inputs. Existing models therefore assume that land-detached submarine canyons are dormant in the present-day; however, monitoring has focused on land-attached canyons and this paradigm remains untested. Here we present the most detailed field measurements yet of turbidity currents within a land-detached submarine canyon, documenting a remarkably similar frequency (6 yr−1) and speed (up to 5–8 ms−1) to those in large land-attached submarine canyons. Major triggers such as storms or earthquakes are not required; instead, seasonal variations in cross-shelf sediment transport explain temporal-clustering of flows, and why the storm season is surprisingly absent of turbidity currents. As >1000 other canyons have a similar configuration, we propose that contemporary deep-sea particulate transport via such land-detached canyons may have been dramatically under-estimated.
Deciphering the phase transition-induced ultrahigh piezoresponse in (K,Na)NbO3-based piezoceramics
Authors: Zhang Mao-Hua , Shen Chen , Zhao Changhao , Dai Mian , Yao Fang-Zhou , Wu Bo , Ma Jian , Nan Hu , Wang Dawei , Yuan Qibin , da Silva Lucas Lemos , Fulanović Lovro , Schökel Alexander , Liu Peitao , Zhang Hongbin , Li Jing-Feng , Zhang Nan , Wang Ke , Rödel Jürgen , Hinterstein Manuel 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHere, we introduce phase change mechanisms in lead-free piezoceramics as a strategy to utilize attendant volume change for harvesting large electrostrain. In the newly developed (K,Na)NbO3 solid-solution at the polymorphic phase boundary we combine atomic mapping of the local polar vector with in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction and density functional theory to uncover the phase change and interpret its underlying nature. We demonstrate that an electric field-induced phase transition between orthorhombic and tetragonal phases triggers a dramatic volume change and contributes to a huge effective piezoelectric coefficient of 1250 pm V−1 along specific crystallographic directions. The existence of the phase transition is validated by a significant volume change evidenced by the simultaneous recording of macroscopic longitudinal and transverse strain. The principle of using phase transition to promote electrostrain provides broader design flexibility in the development of high-performance piezoelectric materials and opens the door for the discovery of high-performance future functional oxides.
Organic donor-acceptor heterojunctions for high performance circularly polarized light detection
Authors: Zhu Danlei , Jiang Wei , Ma Zetong , Feng Jiajing , Zhan Xiuqin , Lu Cheng , Liu Jie , Liu Jie , Hu Yuanyuan , Wang Dong , Zhao Yong Sheng , Wang Jianpu , Wang Zhaohui , Jiang Lang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDevelopment of highly efficient and stable lateral organic circularly polarized light photodetector is a fundamental prerequisite for realization of circularly polarized light integrated applications. However, chiral semiconductors with helical structure are usually found with intrinsically low field-effect mobilities, which becomes a bottleneck for high-performance and multi-wavelength circularly polarized light detection. To address this problem, here we demonstrate a novel strategy to fabricate multi-wavelength circularly polarized light photodetector based on the donor-acceptor heterojunction, where efficient exciton separation enables chiral acceptor layer to provide differentiated concentration of holes to the channel of organic field-effect transistors. Benefitting from the low defect density at the semiconductor/dielectric interface, the photodetectors exhibit excellent stability, enabling current roll-off of about 3–4% over 500 cycles. The photocurrent dissymmetry value and responsivity for circularly polarized light photodetector in air are 0.24 and 0.28 A W−1, respectively. We further demonstrate circularly polarized light communication based on a real-time circularly polarized light detector by decoding the light signal. As the proof-of-concept, the results hold the promise of large-scale circularly polarized light integrated photonic applications.
Slowing quantum decoherence of oscillators by hybrid processing
Authors: Park Kimin , Hastrup Jacob , Neergaard-Nielsen Jonas Schou , Brask Jonatan Bohr , Filip Radim , Andersen Ulrik L. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractQuantum information encoded into the superposition of coherent states is an illustrative representation of practical applications of macroscopic quantum coherence possessing. However, these states are very sensitive to energy loss, losing their non-classical aspects of coherence very rapidly. An available deterministic strategy to slow down this decoherence process is to apply a Gaussian squeezing transformation prior to the loss as a protective step. Here, we propose a deterministic hybrid protection scheme utilizing strong but feasible interactions with two-level ancillas immune to spontaneous emission. We verify the robustness of the scheme against the dephasing of qubit ancilla. Our scheme is applicable to complex superpositions of coherent states in many oscillators, and remarkably, the robustness to loss is enhanced with the amplitude of the coherent states. This scheme can be realized in experiments with atoms, solid-state systems, and superconducting circuits.