bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of SARS-CoV-2 by Canine Olfaction: A Pilot Study
Authors: Maurer Maureen , Seto Todd , Guest Claire , Somal Amendeep , Julian Catherine 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
As the number of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases continue to surge worldwide and new variants emerge, additional accurate, rapid, and noninvasive screening methods to detect severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are needed. The number of COVID-19 cases reported globally is &gt;455 million, and deaths have surpassed 6 million. Current diagnostic methods are expensive, invasive, and produce delayed results. While COVID-19 vaccinations are proven to help slow the spread of infection and prevent serious illness, they are not equitably available worldwide. Almost 40% of the world’s population remains unvaccinated. Evidence suggests that SARS-CoV-2 virus–associated volatile organic compounds found in the breath, urine, and sweat of infected individuals can be detected by canine olfaction. Medical detection dogs may be a feasible, accurate, and affordable SARS-CoV-2 screening method.

Methods
In this double-blinded, case–control, validation study, we obtained sweat samples from inpatients and outpatients tested for SARS-CoV-2 by a polymerase chain reaction test. Medical detection dogs were trained to distinguish SARS-CoV-2-positive samples from SARS-CoV-2-negative samples using reward-based reinforcement.

Results
Samples were obtained from 584 individuals (6–97 years of age; 24% positive SARS-CoV-2 samples and 76% negative SARS-CoV-2 samples). In the testing phase, all dogs performed with high accuracy in detecting SARS-CoV-2. The overall diagnostic sensitivity was 98%, and specificity was 92%. In a follow-up phase, 1 dog screened 153 patients for SARS-CoV-2 in a hospital setting with 96% diagnostic sensitivity and 100% specificity.

Conclusions
Canine olfaction is an accurate and feasible method for diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2, including asymptomatic and presymptomatic infected individuals.
H3K27 methylation regulates the fate of two cell lineages in male gametophytes
Authors: Huang Xiaorong , Sun Meng-Xiang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
During angiosperm male gametogenesis, microspores divide to produce a vegetative cell (VC) and a male germline (MG), each with distinct cell fates. The mechanism underlying determination of the MG cell/VC fate remains an important area of research, with many unanswered questions. Here, we report that H3K27me3 is essential for VC fate commitment in male Arabidopsis thaliana gametophytes; H3K27me3 erasure contributes to MG cell fate initiation. VC-targeted H3K27me3 erasure disturbed VC development and shifted the VC fate toward a gamete destination, which suggests that MG cells require H3K27me3 erasure to trigger gamete cell fate. Multi-omics and cytological analyses confirmed the occurrence of extensive cell identity transition due to H3K27me3 erasure. Therefore, we experimentally confirmed that MG cell/VC fate is epigenetically regulated. H3K27 methylation plays a critical role in guiding MG cell/VC fate determination for pollen fertility in Arabidopsis. Our work also provides evidence for two previous hypotheses: the germline cell fate is specified by the differential distribution of unknown determinants and VC maintains the default microspore program (i.e. the H3K27me3 setting) while MG requires reprogramming.
The transcription factor bZIP68 negatively regulates cold tolerance in maize
Authors: Li Zhuoyang , Fu Diyi , Wang Xi , Zeng Rong , Zhang Xuan , Tian Jinge , Zhang Shuaisong , Yang Xiaohong , Tian Feng , Lai Jinsheng , Shi Yiting , Yang Shuhua 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Maize (Zea mays) originated in tropical areas and is thus susceptible to low temperatures, which pose a major threat to maize production. Our understanding of the molecular basis of cold tolerance in maize is limited. Here, we identified bZIP68, a basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor, as a negative regulator of cold tolerance in maize. Transcriptome analysis revealed that bZIP68 represses the cold-induced expression of DREB1 transcription factor genes. The stability and transcriptional activity of bZIP68 are controlled by its phosphorylation at the conserved Ser250 residue under cold stress. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the bZIP68 locus was a target of selection during early domestication. A 358-bp insertion/deletion (Indel-972) polymorphism in the bZIP68 promoter has a significant effect on the differential expression of bZIP68 between maize and its wild ancestor teosinte. This study thus uncovers an evolutionary cis-regulatory variant that could be used to improve cold tolerance in maize.
Three OsMYB36 members redundantly regulate Casparian strip formation at the root endodermis
Authors: Wang Zhigang , Zhang Baolei , Chen Zhiwei , Wu Mingjuan , Chao Dong , Wei Qiuxing , Xin Yafeng , Li Longying , Ming Zhenhua , Xia Jixing 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Plants have evolved a lignin-based Casparian strip (CS) in roots that restricts passive diffusion of mineral elements from the soil to the stele. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying CS formation in rice (Oryza sativa), which contains a CS at both the exodermis and endodermis, are poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that CS formation at the rice endodermis is redundantly regulated by three MYELOBLASTOSIS (MYB) transcription factors, OsMYB36a, OsMYB36b, and OsMYB36c, that are highly expressed in root tips. Knockout of all three genes resulted in a complete absence of CS at the endodermis and retarded plant growth in hydroponic conditions and in soil. Compared with the wild-type, the triple mutants showed higher calcium (Ca) levels and lower Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu, and Cd levels in shoots. High Ca supply further inhibited mutant growth and increased Ca levels in shoots. Transcriptome analysis identified 1,093 downstream genes regulated by OsMYB36a/b/c, including the key CS formation gene OsCASP1 and other genes that function in CS formation at the endodermis. Three OsMYB36s regulate OsCASP1 and OsESB1 expression by directly binding to MYB-binding motifs in their promoters. Our findings thus provide important insights into the mechanism of CS formation at the endodermis and the selective uptake of mineral elements in roots.
Thrombocytopenia in primary antiphospholipid syndrome: association with prognosis and clinical implications
Authors: Shi Yu , Zhao Jiuliang , Jiang Hui , Huang Can , Qi Wanting , Song Yijun , Wang Qian , Li Mengtao , Tian Xinping , Zhao Yongqiang , Zeng Xiaofeng 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Thrombocytopenia, a frequent clinical manifestation in patients with APS, could be an independent predictor of recurrent thrombotic, obstetric and severe extracriteria events.

Methods
This single-centre prospective study enrolled 218 consecutive patients diagnosed with primary APS between 2010 and 2021. Thrombocytopenia was defined as a platelet count less than 100 × 109/L.

Results
Our cohort included 74 (33.94%) patients with thrombocytopenia and 144 patients with a continuous normal platelet count. Comparison of baseline characteristics indicated that patients with thrombocytopenia had more visceral venous thromboses [10 (13.51%) vs 5(3.47%); P = 0.009] and extracriteria manifestations [mainly haemolytic anaemia; 20 (27.03%) vs 17 (11.81%); P = 0.007]. Hypocomplementemia was more likely among patients with thrombocytopenia [19 (25.68%) vs 16 (11.11%); P = 0.01]. The presence of aCL-IgG/IgM, anti-β2-glycoprotein I and lupus anticoagulant were more frequently detected in patients with thrombocytopenia. In survival analysis, thrombotic, obstetric and severe extracriteria survival rates were significantly worse in patients with thrombocytopenia. In multivariate Cox regression, thrombocytopenia was an independent risk factor for all endpoint events, including thrombotic events [hazard ratio (HR) 2.93 (95% CI 1.31, 6.56), P = 0.009], pregnancy morbidity [HR 8.00 (95% CI 2.43, 26.37), P = 0.0006] and severe extracriteria events [HR 15.27 (95% CI 1.85, 125.98), P = 0.01].

Conclusion
Thrombocytopenia could identify primary APS patients at high risk of developing thrombotic events, pregnancy morbidity and severe extracriteria events.
Multimodality Imaging for Cardiotoxicity: State of the Art and Future Perspectives
Authors: Artico Jessica , Abiodun Aderonke , Shiwani Hunain , Kurdi Hibba , Chen Daniel , Tyebally Sara , Moon James C. , Westwood Mark , Manisty Charlotte H. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract:
Modern cancer therapies have significantly improved survival leading to a growing population of cancer survivors. Similarly, both conventional and newer treatments are associated with a spectrum of cardiovascular disorders with potential long-term sequelae. Prompt detection and treatment of these complications is, therefore, pivotal to enable healthy survivorship and reduce cardiovascular morbidity. Advanced multimodality imaging is a valuable tool for stratifying patient risk, identifying cardiovascular toxicity during and after therapy, and predicting recovery. This review summarizes the potential cardiotoxic complications of anticancer therapies and the multimodality approaches available in each case with special focus on newer techniques and the added value of biomarkers ultimately leading to earlier diagnosis and better prognostication.
miR-320a Targeting RGS5 Aggravates Atherosclerosis by Promoting Migration and Proliferation of ox-LDL–Stimulated Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Zhang Chi , Wang Xun 
Published: May 2022

Abstract:
MicroRNAs have been implicated in atherosclerosis (AS) progression. Here, we focused on how miR-320a affect AS progression via vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Oxidized low-density lipoproteins (ox-LDL)–stimulated VSMCs were used as an AS cell model, and qRT-PCR was performed to measure miR-320a and regulators of G protein signaling (RGS5) levels. CCK-8 and wound healing assays were used to detect the viability and migration of VSMCs. Western blotting was used to measure the protein expression levels of PCNA, Bax, and Bcl-2. The interaction of miR-320a and RGS5 was determined by dual luciferase and RNA pull-down assays. MiR-320a was highly expressed, whereas RGS5 showed low levels of expression in the arterial plaque tissues. Silencing of miR-320a blocked cell viability and migration, inhibited expression of the proliferation-specific protein PCNA in ox-LDL–treated VSMCs, promoted Bax protein expression, and inhibited Bcl-2 protein expression. Furthermore, miR-320a was found to exert these effects by inhibiting RGS5 expression. Collectively, miR-320a promoted cell viability, migration, and proliferation while reducing apoptosis of ox-LDL–stimulated VSMCs by inhibiting RGS5.
Intra-Abdominal Pressure Measurement Devices
Authors: Crumley Carolyn 
Published: May 2022

PURPOSE:
The purpose of this Technologic Analysis is to review devices designed to measure intra-abdominal pressure (IAP); these devices are used to detect intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) and abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS).

APPROACH:
Published literature focusing on devices designed to measure IAP was reviewed, comparing the options available and outlining recommendations for appropriate use. Safety information regarding IAP measurement devices was derived from the Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience (MAUDE) database.

CONCLUSIONS:
Intra-abdominal hypertension is prevalent among critically ill patients of all ages and is linked to adverse consequences, such as abdominal compartment syndrome. The condition is often unrecognized due to the lack of overt clinical symptoms, supporting the need for devices to accurately measure IAP. Commercially available devices measure IAP indirectly, typically via the bladder or stomach. Additional research is needed to demonstrate the benefits of routine screening, further define risk factors for IAH/ACS development, and evaluate the impact of measures to reduce IAP in an effort to improve patient outcomes.
Survey Results on Use of a Convex Pouching System in the Postoperative Period
Authors: Stoia-Davis Janet , Colwell Janice C. , Emodi Krisztina , Fellows Jane , Mahoney Mary , McDade Bethany , Porten Sima P. , Raskin Elizabeth R. , Norman Holly S. , Kelly Matthew T. , Sims Terran 
Published: May 2022

PURPOSE:
The purpose of this study was to validate time frames for postoperative care following stoma surgery and to determine participants' current practice with convex pouching systems during the postoperative period.

DESIGN:
A Cross-sectional survey.

SUBJECTS AND SETTING:
The sample comprised 332 ostomy care specialists practicing in the United States. Most (n = 220; 66%) had more than 10 years' experience caring for patients with ostomies, 82% (n = 272) were certified WOC or ostomy care nurses (CWOCN and COCN), and 7% (n = 23) were board-certified colorectal surgeons.

METHODS:
A 23-item online questionnaire was created for purposes of the study. Items in the questionnaire queried professional background and experience caring for patients with an ostomy. A single item was used to identify postoperative care periods following ostomy surgery. Additional items queried current practice patterns related to use of convex pouching systems and the timing of their use. Data were collected from January 18 to February 8, 2021.

RESULTS:
Most respondents (n = 270; 90%) agreed with the following postoperative periods after ostomy surgery: immediate postoperative period (days 0-8); postoperative period (days 9-30); and transition phase (days 31-180). Most respondents (n = 274; 95%) indicated they would use a convex pouching system when clinically appropriate during the first 30 days following ostomy surgery and 79% (n = 228) indicated using a convex pouching system regardless of when the surgery was performed. Less than 1% (n = 2) indicated never using convexity within the first 30 days following stoma surgery, and only 3% (n = 8) indicated avoidance of convexity pouching systems in the immediate postoperative period.

CONCLUSIONS:
Findings indicate that use of convexity during the postoperative period is prevalent to provide a secure seal and predictable wear time.
Implementation of Pressure Injury Prevention Strategies in Acute Care
Authors: Edsberg Laura E. , Cox Jill , Koloms Kimberly , VanGilder-Freese Catherine A. 
Published: May 2022

PURPOSE:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the implementation of pressure injury (PI) prevention strategies in adult acute care settings in the United States using the data from the 2018/2019 International Pressure Ulcer Prevalence (IPUP) Survey.

DESIGN:
Observational, cohort study with cross-sectional data collection and retrospective data analysis.

SUBJECTS AND SETTING:
The sample comprised 296,014 patients hospitalized in 1801 acute care facilities in the United States that participated in the 2018 and/or 2019 IPUP Survey. Slightly less than half (49.4%, n = 146,231) were male, 50% (n = 148,997) were female, 0.6% (n = 17,760) were unknown. Their mean age was 64.29 (SD 17.2) years.

METHODS:
Data from the 2018/2019 IPUP database were analyzed to evaluate the implementation of prevention strategies including repositioning, support surface use, head-of-bed (HOB) elevation, heel elevation, moisture management, minimizing linen layers, and nutritional support. Practices were analyzed for differences between patients without pressure injuries, and patients with Stage 1 and 2 hospital-acquired pressure injury (HAPI), and those with severe HAPIs (Stage 3, Stage 4, unstageable, and deep tissue pressure injury). Acute care unit types included critical or intensive care units, medical-surgical inpatient care units, and step-down units.

RESULTS:
Compliance rates to PI prevention strategies varied among patients at risk for HAPIs (Braden Scale for Pressure Sore Risk score ≤18). Daily skin assessment was performed for 86% of patients with no HAPIs and 96.8% of patients with severe HAPIs. Pressure redistribution was used in 74.6% of all patients and in over 90% of patients with severe HAPIs; however, compliance to routine repositioning was reported at lower levels between 67% and 84%, respectively. Heel elevation was reported for over 60% of the patients with severe HAPIs while 31.9% did not receive heel elevation, though only 6% were reported as not needing elevation. The majority of patients had HOB greater than the 30° at the time of the data collection; compliance with minimizing linen layers (≤3) was reported in 76% or more. Moisture management strategies were reportedly used in more than 71% of all patients and 89% for patients with severe HAPIs. Nutrition support was used for 55% to 82% of the patients and only documented as contraindicated in fewer than 2% of all groups.

CONCLUSION:
Study findings revealed substantial compliance rates to PI prevention strategies. Nevertheless, there is potential for improvement in the implementation of some of the most basic prevention strategies including repositioning, heel elevation, nutritional support, and moisture management.
Interrogating the Precancerous Evolution of Pathway Dysfunction in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma Using XTABLE
Authors: Roberts Matthew , Ogden Julia , Hossain A S Md Mukarram , Kerr Alastair , Dive Caroline , Beane Jennifer E , Lopez-Garcia Carlos 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTLung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) is a type of lung cancer with a dismal prognosis that lacks adequate therapies and actionable targets. This disease is characterized by a sequence of low and high-grade preinvasive stages with increasing probability of malignant progression. Increasing our knowledge about the biology of these premalignant lesions (PMLs) is necessary to design new methods of early detection and prevention, and to identify the molecular processes that are key for malignant progression. To facilitate this research, we have designed XTABLE, an open-source application that integrates the most extensive transcriptomic databases of PMLs published so far. With this tool, users can stratify samples using multiple parameters and interrogate PML biology in multiple manners, such as two and multiple group comparisons, interrogation of genes of interests and transcriptional signatures. Using XTABLE, we have carried out a comparative study of the potential role of chromosomal instability scores as biomarkers of PML progression and mapped the onset of the most relevant LUSC pathways to the sequence of LUSC developmental stages. XTABLE will critically facilitate new research for the identification of early detection biomarkers and acquire a better understanding of the LUSC precancerous stages.
SARS-CoV-2 evolution and patient immunological history shape the breadth and potency of antibody-mediated immunity
Authors: Manali Maria , Bissett Laura A. , Amat Julien A. R. , Logan Nicola , Scott Sam , Hughes Ellen C. , Harvey William T. , Orton Richard , Thomson Emma C. , Gunson Rory N. , Viana Mafalda , Willett Brian , Murcia Pablo R 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSince the emergence of SARS-CoV-2, humans have been exposed to distinct SARS-CoV-2 antigens, either by infection with different variants, and/or vaccination. Population immunity is thus highly heterogeneous, but the impact of such heterogeneity on the effectiveness and breadth of the antibody-mediated response is unclear. We measured antibody-mediated neutralisation responses against SARS-CoV-2Wuhan, SARS-CoV-2α, SARS-CoV-2δ and SARS-CoV-2ο pseudoviruses using sera from patients with distinct immunological histories, including naive, vaccinated, infected with SARS-CoV-2Wuhan, SARS-CoV-2α or SARS-CoV-2δ, and vaccinated/infected individuals. We show that the breadth and potency of the antibody-mediated response is influenced by the number, the variant, and the nature (infection or vaccination) of exposures, and that individuals with mixed immunity acquired by vaccination and natural exposure exhibit the broadest and most potent responses. Our results suggest that the interplay between host immunity and SARS-CoV-2 evolution will shape the antigenicity and subsequent transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2, with important implications for future vaccine design.Author SummaryNeutralising antibodies provide protection against viruses and are generated because of vaccination or prior infections. The main target of anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralising antibodies is a protein called Spike, which decorates the viral particle and mediates viral entry into cells. As SARS-CoV-2 evolves, mutations accumulate in the spike protein, allowing the virus to escape antibody-mediated immunity and decreasing vaccine effectiveness. Multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants have appeared since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, causing various waves of infection through the population and infecting-in some cases-people that had been previously infected or vaccinated. Since the antibody response is highly specific, individuals infected with different variants are likely to have different repertoires of neutralising antibodies. We studied the breadth and potency of the antibody-mediated response against different SARS-CoV-2 variants using sera from vaccinated people as well as from people infected with different variants. We show that potency of the antibody response against different SARS-CoV-2 variants depends on the particular variant that infected each person, the exposure type (infection or vaccination) and the number and order of exposures. Our study provides insight into the interplay between virus evolution and immunity, as well as important information for the development of better vaccination strategies.
GDF15 and ACE2 stratify COVID19 patients according to severity while ACE2 mutations increase infection susceptibility
Authors: Torrens-Mas Margalida , Perelló-Reus Catalina M , Trias-Ferrer Neus , Ibargüen-González Lesly , Crespí Catalina , Galmes-Panades Aina Maria , Navas-Enamorado Cayetano , Sanchez-Polo Andres , Piérola-Lopetegui Javier , Masmiquel Luis , Crespi Lorenzo Socias , Barcelo Carles , Gonzalez-Freire Marta 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTCoronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is a persistent global pandemic with a very heterogeneous disease presentation ranging from a mild disease to dismal prognosis. Early detection of sensitivity and severity of COVID-19 is essential for the development of new treatments. In the present study, we measured the levels of circulating growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in plasma of severity-stratified COVID-19 patients and healthy control patients and characterized the in vitro effects and cohort frequency of ACE2 SNPs. Our results show that while circulating GDF15 and ACE2 stratify COVID-19 patients according to disease severity, ACE2 missense SNPs constitute a risk factor linked to infection susceptibility.