bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interconnect Layout Sensitivity and Yield Prediction
Authors: Zarkesh-Ha Payman , Doniger Ken 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Layout sensitivity, a measure of vulnerability to yield loss, typically takes several days to compute for a modern VLSI design. In this article, the authors present and demonstrate a new stochastic model that can significantly expedite the process. The model is based on simple IC layout parameters including wire width, wire spacing, and channel density. The authors explain how they derived the model and how it compares to actual data. They also discuss the causes and effects of open and short defects and define the concepts of critical area and layout sensitivity.
Going with the Flow: Using Current Measurements in Failure Analysis
Authors: Kolasa Ted 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In most cases, microelectronic failure analysis is rooted in the observation of voltage, either as logic levels or as time-based waveforms. This is due largely to the ease of making such measurements. As a result, current measurement is often overlooked. This article discusses aspects of current measurement that can be used during fault localization, often providing information that cannot be obtained by other means.
E-Beam Probing: An IC Design Debug Success Story
Authors: Lundquist Ted , Anayama Tam 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
By providing timing information and throughput as device complexities and operating frequencies were rapidly increasing, the e-beam prober, which integrated CAD navigation and waveform measurements while enabling the user to almost disregard the technology “under the hood,” was the required tool for IC design debug from the late 1980s to the early 2000s. The history, successes, innovations, mistakes, and possible future of this workhorse tool are visited and described.
Electron Beam Induced Damage to Diffusion Resistors
Authors: Barden John , Harrison Joel 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Nanoprobing of transistors and resistors is increasing in importance for both design debug and electrical fault isolation. It is thus necessary to understand the impact of scanning a resistor or transistor with an electron beam in order to draw valid conclusions from nanoprobe measurements. In this article, the authors show that exposing samples to electron beams with energies above 4 keV can change the value of diffusion resistors by as much as 30% and that changes can occur at even lower voltages in areas of the sample covered with less material. The article also sheds light on why the changes occur.
Failure-Analysis Case History—Tantalum Electrolytic Capacitor
Authors: Silvus Stan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Dry tantalum electrolytic capacitors are widely used in electronic equipment because they have high capacitances at useful working voltages, low effective series resistances, relatively long life, and a small footprint. Tantalum capacitors have some limitations as well that, if not taken into account during circuit design, may produce catastrophic failures. The effect of one such limitation is highlighted in this detailed and well-illustrated case study.
THE EVALUATION OF ANTI-EPILEPTIC DRUGS DOSAGE IN MALNOURISHED CHILDREN: CASES IN INDONESIAN COMMUNITY OF EPILEPSY
Authors: Endriastuti Nialiana Endah , Suryoputri Masita Wulandari , Ilma Dewi Latifatul 
Published: August 2022

Anti-epileptic drug (AED) has a narrow therapeutic index of drugs that a slight increase in dosage showed toxic effects. The therapeutic response is difficult to predict in malnutrition status because the patient with nutritional deficiency have more complicated problems likes hypoalbuminemia, macronutrient and micronutrients deficiency that affected the levels of AEDs. The nutritional deficiency could be a direct and indirect cause of ineffective AEDs therapy and also recurrent epilepsy. This study aims to describe the use of antiepileptic drugs in Indonesian children with poor nutritional status. The research design was observational studies with cross sectional random sampling to evaluate the AED doses of malnutrition status in children. All information was collected by spreading electronic forms and interviewing the parents by phone. The data were analyzed descriptively. Total of 8 malnourished children mostly included in the range of ages from >2 to 12 years (n=5; 62.50%) with means 3,9±2,7 years. The study showed valproic acid was bigger used in monotherapy (n=5; 62,50%) than polytherapy with carbamazepine or sodium phenytoin and phenobarbital. The means estimation of valproic acid monotherapy concentration in females’ group (n=2; 33,33%) showed sub-therapeutics level were Cssmin 26,09±0,57 mg/L and Cssmax 64,17±1,39 mg/L, also the means in males’ group (n=2; 33,33%) of valproic acid monotherapy were Cssmin 22.07±2,71 mg/L and Cssmax 54.27±6.66 mg/L. All of them included in good clinical outcome of free seizure > 6 months.
STABILITY AND SUNSCREEN ACTIVITY OF NUTMEG SEED OIL EMULGEL WITH CARBOPOL 940 VARIATION AS GEL BASE
Authors: Khafifa Ilma Nur , Shabrina Ayu , Rochman M Fatchur 
Published: August 2022

Nutmeg seed oil is one of essential oil which unstable in storage. The stability of nutmeg seed oil can be improved by being formulated into an emulgel with carbopol 940. This study was to determine the physical stability and SPF value of nutmeg oil emulgel in vitro with carbopol 940 as a gel base. Nutmeg seed oil emulgel was made with 10% nutmeg seed oil concentration and variation of carbopol 940 base, namely 0.60% (FI), 0.80% (FII), and 1.0% (FIII). Nutmeg seed oil emulgel was tested for physical stability including organoleptic, homogeneity, adhesion, dispersibility, viscosity, pH, and SPF value in vitro. Evaluation of physical stability and SPF value of nutmeg oil emulgel was carried out for 30 days of storage at 30±2°C with RH 65±5%. Quantitative data from evaluation of physical stability and SPF value were analyzed by t-test dependent. All the physical parameters showed no significant changes (p > 0.05). Emulgel were white, thick, with nutmeg seed oil odor. pH were in safe range for skin (6.12-6.90). Nutmeg seed oil emulgel had pseudo plastic rheology in day 0 and it changed into pseudoplastic-tixothropic on day 30. The SPF value of nutmeg seed oil emulgel FI, FII, and FIII were above 8 and it did not showed significant change after 30 days of storage (p > 0.05). The SPF value of nutmeg seed oil emulgel were categorized as maximum protection.
SOME NATURAL FLAVONOIDS FROM GUAVA (PSIDIUM GUAJAVA L.) AGAINST SARS COV-2, INSILICO PREDICTION AND DRUGS EVALUATION
Authors: Wardani Arief Kusuma 
Published: August 2022

Important for an emergency is to find the most potential Hesperidin, Kaempferol-3,4'-di-O-methyl ether (Ermanin); Myricetin-3-glucoside, Peonidine 3-(4’-arabinosylglucoside); Quercetin 3-(2G-rhamnosylrutinoside); and Rhamnetin 3-mannosyl-(1–2)-alloside as a lead compound from guava to develop new drugs from flavonoid analogue. Docking method through iGEMDOCK software was used to design a new lead compound candidate from several flavonoid and study its interaction with of 3CLpro (PDB ID: 7DPU). The docking method were carried out using the iGEMDOCK software version v2.1, also in the chimera-1.13.1 program is used to know the interaction profile. Druglike properties were calculated using Lipinski’s rule of five as calculated using SWISSADME prediction. Toxicity prediction herein used ADMETSAR webserver (http://lmmd.ecust.edu.cn:8000/predict/). Less toxic and showing greater affinity with a docking score stronger was found in Quercetin, is apart from good pharmacokinetic profile
Magnetic resonance imaging–guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy for essential tremor: 5-year follow-up results
Authors: Cosgrove G. Rees , Lipsman Nir , Lozano Andres M. , Chang Jin Woo , Halpern Casey , Ghanouni Pejman , Eisenberg Howard , Fishman Paul , Taira Takaomi , Schwartz Michael L. , McDannold Nathan , Hayes Michael , Ro Susie , Shah Binit , Gwinn Ryder , Santini Veronica E. , Hynynen Kullervo , Elias W. Jeff 
Published: August 2022

OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to evaluate, at 4 and 5 years posttreatment, the long-term safety and efficacy of unilateral MRI-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) thalamotomy for medication-refractory essential tremor in a cohort of patients from a prospective, controlled, multicenter clinical trial.

METHODS
Outcomes per the Clinical Rating Scale for Tremor (CRST), including postural tremor scores (CRST Part A), combined hand tremor/motor scores (CRST Parts A and B), and functional disability scores (CRST Part C), were measured by a qualified neurologist. The Quality of Life in Essential Tremor Questionnaire (QUEST) was used to assess quality of life. CRST and QUEST scores at 48 and 60 months post-MRgFUS were compared to those at baseline to assess treatment efficacy and durability. All adverse events (AEs) were reported.

RESULTS
Forty-five and 40 patients completed the 4- and 5-year follow-ups, respectively. CRST scores for postural tremor (Part A) for the treated hand remained significantly improved by 73.3% and 73.1% from baseline at both 48 and 60 months posttreatment, respectively (both p < 0.0001). Combined hand tremor/motor scores (Parts A and B) also improved by 49.5% and 40.4% (p < 0.0001) at each respective time point. Functional disability scores (Part C) increased slightly over time but remained significantly improved through the 5 years (p < 0.0001). Similarly, QUEST scores remained significantly improved from baseline at year 4 (p < 0.0001) and year 5 (p < 0.0003). All previously reported AEs remained mild or moderate, and no new AEs were reported.

CONCLUSIONS
Unilateral MRgFUS thalamotomy demonstrates sustained and significant tremor improvement at 5 years with an overall improvement in quality-of-life measures and without any progressive or delayed complications.
Clinical trial registration no.: NCT01827904 (ClinicalTrials.gov)
Association of clinical outcomes and connectivity in awake versus asleep deep brain stimulation for Parkinson disease
Authors: Gadot Ron , Vanegas Arroyave Nora , Dang Huy , Anand Adrish , Najera Ricardo A. , Taneff Lisa Yutong , Bellows Steven , Tarakad Arjun , Jankovic Joseph , Horn Andreas , Shofty Ben , Viswanathan Ashwin , Sheth Sameer A. 
Published: August 2022

OBJECTIVE
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) for Parkinson disease (PD) is traditionally performed with awake intraoperative testing and/or microelectrode recording. Recently, however, the procedure has been increasingly performed under general anesthesia with image-based verification. The authors sought to compare structural and functional networks engaged by awake and asleep PD-DBS of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and correlate them with clinical outcomes.

METHODS
Levodopa equivalent daily dose (LEDD), pre- and postoperative motor scores on the Movement Disorders Society–Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale part III (MDS-UPDRS III), and total electrical energy delivered (TEED) at 6 months were retroactively assessed in patients with PD who received implants of bilateral DBS leads. In subset analysis, implanted electrodes were reconstructed using the Lead-DBS toolbox. Volumes of tissue activated (VTAs) were used as seed points in group volumetric and connectivity analysis.

RESULTS
The clinical courses of 122 patients (52 asleep, 70 awake) were reviewed. Operating room and procedure times were significantly shorter in asleep cases. LEDD reduction, MDS-UPDRS III score improvement, and TEED at the 6-month follow-up did not differ between groups. In subset analysis (n = 40), proximity of active contact, VTA overlap, and desired network fiber counts with motor STN correlated with lower DBS energy requirement and improved motor scores. Discriminative structural fiber tracts involving supplementary motor area, thalamus, and brainstem were associated with optimal clinical improvement. Areas of highest structural and functional connectivity with VTAs did not significantly differ between the two groups.

CONCLUSIONS
Compared to awake STN DBS, asleep procedures can achieve similarly optimal targeting—based on clinical outcomes, electrode placement, and connectivity estimates—in more efficient procedures and shorter operating room times.
COL1A2 inhibition suppresses glioblastoma cell proliferation and invasion
Authors: Wang Yi , Sakaguchi Maki , Sabit Hemragul , Tamai Sho , Ichinose Toshiya , Tanaka Shingo , Kinoshita Masashi , Uchida Yasuo , Ohtsuki Sumio , Nakada Mitsutoshi 
Published: August 2022

OBJECTIVE
An extracellular matrix such as collagen is an essential component of the tumor microenvironment. Collagen alpha-2(I) chain (COL1A2) is a chain of type I collagen whose triple helix comprises two alpha-1 chains and one alpha-2 chain. The authors’ proteomics data showed that COL1A2 is significantly higher in the blood of patients with glioblastoma (GBM) compared with healthy controls. COL1A2 has many different functions in various types of cancers. However, the functions of COL1A2 in GBM are poorly understood. In this study, the authors analyzed the functions of COL1A2 and its signaling pathways in GBM.

METHODS
Surgical specimens and GBM cell lines (T98, U87, and U251) were used. The expression level of COL1A2 was examined using GBM tissues and normal brain tissues by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The clinical significance of these levels was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) and small hairpin RNA of COL1A2 were transfected into GBM cell lines to investigate the function of COL1A2 in vitro and in vivo. Flow cytometry was introduced to analyze the alteration of cell cycles. Western blot and immunohistochemistry were performed to analyze the underlying mechanisms.

RESULTS
The expression level of COL1A2 was upregulated in GBM compared with normal brain tissues. A higher expression of COL1A2 was correlated with poor progression-free survival and overall survival. COL1A2 inhibition significantly suppressed cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo, likely due to G1 arrest. The invasion ability was notably deteriorated by inhibiting COL1A2. Cyclin D1, cyclin-dependent kinase 1, and cyclin-dependent kinase 4, which are involved in the cell cycle, were all downregulated after blockade of COL1A2 in vitro and in vivo. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor reduced the expression of COL1A2. Although downregulation of COL1A2 decreased the protein kinase B (Akt) phosphorylation, Akt activator can phosphorylate Akt in siRNA-treated cells. This finding suggests that Akt phosphorylation is partially dependent on COL1A2.

CONCLUSIONS
COL1A2 plays an important role in driving GBM progression. COL1A2 inhibition attenuated GBM proliferation by promoting cell cycle arrest, indicating that COL1A2 could be a promising therapeutic target for GBM treatment.
Successful retrograde regeneration using a sensory branch for motor nerve transfer
Authors: Alzahrani Saud , Brito da Silva Harley , Chu Tak-Ho , Tariq Zain , Umansky Daniel , Elliott David A. , Midha Rajiv 
Published: August 2022

OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to test whether regenerating motor axons from a donor nerve can travel in a retrograde fashion using sensory branches to successfully reinnervate a motor nerve end organ.

METHODS
This study has two parts. In part I, rats (n = 30) were assigned to one of five groups for obturator nerve (ON)–to–femoral nerve transfer: group 1, ON-to–saphenous nerve (SN) distal stump; group 2, ON-to-SN proximal stump without femoral nerve proper (FNP) injury; group 3, ON-to-SN proximal stump with FNP crush injury; group 4, ON-to-SN proximal stump with FNP transection injury; and group 5, gold standard transfer, ON-to–motor femoral nerve (MFN) branch. At 8 weeks, retrograde labeling was done from the distal MFN, and the spinal cords were examined to assess the degree of obturator motor axon regeneration across the five groups. In part II, only group 4 was examined (n = 8). Through use of immunostaining and optical tissue clearing methods, the nerve transfer networks were cleared and imaged using light-sheet fluorescence microscopy to visualize the regeneration pathways in 2D and 3D models at 2- and 8-week time points.

RESULTS
Proximal FNP transection (group 4) enabled a significantly higher number of retrogradely regenerated motor axons compared with control groups 1–3. Moreover, group 4 had modest, but nonsignificant, superiority of motor neuron counts compared with the positive control group, group 5. Optical tissue clearing demonstrated that the axons traveled in a retrograde fashion from the recipient sensory branch to the FNP mixed stump, then through complex turns, down to distal branches. Immunostaining confirmed the tissue clearing findings and suggested perineurium disruption as a means by which axons could traverse across fascicular boundaries.

CONCLUSIONS
Sensory branches can transmit regenerating axons from donor nerves back to main mixed recipient nerves, then distally toward target organs. The extent of retrograde regeneration is markedly influenced by the type and severity of injury sustained by the recipient nerve. Using a sensory branch as a bridge for retrogradely regenerating axons can open new potential horizons in nerve repair surgery for severely injured mixed nerves.
Cost-Effectiveness and Cost-Utility of Early Levodopa in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Verschuur Constant V.M. , Suwijn Sven R. , de Haan Rob J. , Boel Judith A. , Post Bart , Bloem Bas R. , van Hilten Johannes J. , van Laar Teus , Tissingh Gerrit , Munts Alexander , Dijkgraaf Marcel G.W. , de Bie Rob M.A. 
Published: August 2022

Background: In the Levodopa in EArly Parkinson’s disease (LEAP) study, 445 patients were randomized to levodopa/carbidopa 100/25 mg three times per day for 80 weeks (early-start) or placebo for 40 weeks followed by levodopa/carbidopa 100/25 mg three times per day for 40 weeks (delayed-start). Objective: This paper reports the results of the economic evaluation performed alongside the LEAP-study. Methods: Early-start treatment was evaluated versus delayed-start treatment, in which the cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) and the cost-utility analysis (CUA) were performed from the societal perspective, including health care costs among providers, non-reimbursable out-of-pocket expenses of patients, employer costs of sick leave, and lowered productivity while at work. The outcome measure for the CEA was the extra cost per unit decrease on the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale 80 weeks after baseline. The outcome measure for the CUA was the extra costs per additional quality adjusted life year (QALY) during follow-up. Results: 212 patients in the early-start and 219 patients in the delayed-start group reported use of health care resources. With savings of € 59 per patient (BCa 95% CI: –829, 788) in the early-start compared to the delayed-start group, societal costs were balanced. The early-start group showed a mean of 1.30 QALYs (BCa 95% CI: 1.26, 1.33) versus 1.30 QALYs (BCa 95% CI: 1.27, 1.33) for the delayed-start group. Because of this negligible difference, incremental cost-effectiveness and cost-utility ratios were not calculated. Conclusion: From an economic point of view, this study suggests that early treatment with levodopa is not more expensive than delayed treatment with levodopa.
Partisipasi Masyarakat Melalui Metode 4A Dalam Pengembangan Sektor Wisata Dusun Serut
Authors: Nugraha Ryan Aldi , Abdillah Hasyim , Untoro Sofyan Tri , Makruf Anas 
Published: August 2022

Destinasi wisata sering kali menemui permasalahan pengembangan potensi lokal. Hal ini membuat pengelola dan masyarakat turut serta dalam menciptakan reformulasi baru, salah satunya melalui metode 4A. Tentu metode ini tidak akan berjalan dengan baik jika tidak disertai dengan partisipasi aktif yang memposisikan masyarakat lokal sebagai subjek pengembangan wisata. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bagaimana partisipasi masyarakat Dusun Serut, Palbapang, Bantul dengan metode 4A dalam pengembangan wisata yang dimiliki. Metode penelitian yang dipakai adalah kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian analisis deskriptif. Pendekatan kualitatif yang dilakukan secara intensif, terperinci dan mendalam. Hasil temuan di lapangan adalah partisipasi masyarakat dalam pengembangan wisata ikut terlibat dalam proses pengambilan keputusan, pelaksanaan dan evaluasi. Sedangakan metode 4A (Attraction, Amenity, Accessibility, Anciliarry Service) sebagai indikator pengembangan wisata di Dusun Serut, semuanya terpenuhi. Attraction sebagai daya tarik di Serut cukup unik dengan konsep edutourism. Menginap di rumah warga menjadi tawaran baru dalam menjawab amenitas. Untuk menjawab aksesibilitas, jalanan Dukuh Serut tidak memiliki polisi tidur dengan dalih menikmati perjalanan asri. Kemudian anciliarry service terpenuhi ditandai dengan hadirnya kelompok sadar wisata sebagai social capital masyarakat lokal.
A influência da espiritualidade em renais crônicos em tratamento hemodialítico: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Nunes Bianca Nantes , Lopes Soraia Geraldo Rozza 
Published: August 2022

Objetivo: Os sofrimentos advindos da insuficiência renal crônica (IRC) são múltiplos e prejudiciais. Junto a essa constatação, as práticas espirituais reduzem os efeitos negativos decorrentes da IRC, assim como estimulam a produção de expectativas mais otimistas durante o tratamento dessa doença. Desse modo, esse trabalho se estrutura sob a seguinte indagação: quais são os benefícios da espiritualidade para os pacientes adultos renais crônicos em tratamento hemodialítico? O objetivo geral foi investigar quais os benefícios do enfoque espiritual para as pessoas renais crônicas em tratamento hemodialítico. Método: O método consistiu numa revisão integrativa por meio de consulta às seguintes bases de dados: BVS, LILACS e Pubmed. Como critérios de inclusão, foram considerados artigos publicados nos últimos cinco anos, nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol. A estratégia de busca foi a seguinte: Insuficiência renal crônica AND Espiritualidade AND Saúde do adulto. Resultados: Foram selecionados 22 artigos, os quais contêm informações sobre a aplicação da espiritualidade por pacientes renais crônicos em tratamento hemodialítico em diversos países. A aquisição dos dados obtidos assinalou a adoção de práticas como hipnose, meditação, ioga, oração e Reiki. Conclusões: A espiritualidade tem proporcionado melhora na percepção da qualidade de vida dos indivíduos renais crônicos em tratamento hemodialítico. Contudo, nota-se que há uma escassez de pesquisas sobre a temática. A mudança dessa condição contribuirá para que se possa de fato arraigar de maneira definitiva e profunda a relevância do enfoque espiritual no cotidiano das redes de assistência à saúde.
Análise in vitro da atividade antioxidante e determinação do FPS de formulações dermocosméticas contendo óleo de buriti (Mauritia flexuosa L.)
Authors: Parente Luccas Batista , Gellen Luis Fernando Albarello , Welter Áurea , Castro Isis Prado Meirelles de , Panontin Juliane Farinelli 
Published: August 2022

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar, in vitro, se formulações dermocosméticas preparadas com óleo de buriti (Mauritia flexuosa) extraído artesanalmente possuem atividade fotoprotetora. Para tal, duas amostras obtidas de diferentes produtores foram analisadas. Foram realizados ensaios in vitro, de avaliação da qualidade do óleo, preparo de cremes com diferentes concentrações do óleo de buriti e análise do Fator de Proteção Solar pela metodologia de Mansur. A estabilidade preliminar foi avaliada em relação a características organolépticas. Na análise da qualidade do óleo uma amostra foi descartada por não atender aos parâmetros da ANVISA, durante a análise da estabilidade preliminar, apenas as formulações com concentração de 5% de óleo mantiveram-se estáveis. Na análise do FPS constatou-se que o óleo de buriti possui fator de proteção solar de 4.9, que se adicionado em formulações que já contenham filtro solar o óleo aumenta e potencializa FPS da formulação.