bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
E93 promotes transcription of RHG genes to initiate apoptosis during Drosophila salivary gland metamorphosis
Authors: Zhang Jiahui , Zhang Wenhao , Wei Lin , Zhang Lidan , Liu Jiali , Huang Shumin , Li Sheng , Yang Weike , Li Kang 
Published: October 2022

Abstract20‐hydroxyecdysone (20E) induced transcription factor E93 is important for larval–adult transition, which functions in programmed cell death of larval obsolete tissues, and the formation of adult new tissues. However, the apoptosis‐related genes directly regulated by E93 are still ambiguous. In this study, an E93 mutation fly strain was obtained by clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR) / CRISPR‐associated protein 9‐mediated long exon deletion to investigate whether and how E93 induces apoptosis during larval tissues metamorphosis. The transcriptional profile of E93 was consistent with 3 RHG (rpr, hid, and grim) genes and the effector caspase gene drice, and all their expressions peaked at the initiation of apoptosis during the degradation of salivary glands. The transcription expression of 3 RHG genes decreased and apoptosis was blocked in E93 mutation salivary gland during metamorphosis. In contrast, E93 overexpression promoted the transcription of 3 RHG genes, and induced advanced apoptosis in the salivary gland. Moreover, E93 not only enhance the promoter activities of the 3 RHG genes in Drosophila Kc cells in vitro, but also in the salivary gland in vivo. Our results demonstrated that 20E induced E93 promotes the transcription of RHG genes to trigger apoptosis during obsolete tissues degradation at metamorphosis in Drosophila.
Alcohol impairs recognition and uptake of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by suppressing toll‐like receptor 2 expression
Authors: Wigger Gregory W. , Khani Darya , Ahmed Mariam , Sayegh Layal , Auld Sara C. , Fan Xian , Guidot David M. , Staitieh Bashar S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlcohol impairs pulmonary innate immune function and is associated with an increased risk of tuberculosis (TB). Toll‐like receptor 2 (TLR2) is a pattern recognition receptor on alveolar macrophages that recognizes Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). The expression of TLR2 depends, in part, on granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) signaling. Given our prior work demonstrating the suppression of GM‐CSF signaling following chronic alcohol ingestion, we hypothesized that alcohol impairs TLR2 expression via the suppression of GM‐CSF and thereby reduces the ability of the macrophage to recognize and phagocytose Mtb.MethodsPrimary alveolar macrophages were isolated from control‐fed and alcohol‐fed rats. Prior to cell isolation, some alcohol‐fed rats were treated with intranasal GM‐CSF and then endotracheally inoculated with an attenuated strain of Mtb. Primary macrophages were then isolated and immunofluorescence was used to determine phagocytic efficiency and TLR2 expression in the presence and absence of GM‐CSF treatment and phagocytic efficiency in the presence and absence of TLR2 neutralization.ResultsTLR2 expression and phagocytosis of Mtb were significantly lower in the alveolar macrophages of alcohol‐fed rats than control‐fed rats. In parallel, blocking TLR2 signaling recapitulated this decreased phagocytosis of Mtb. In contrast, intranasal GM‐CSF treatment restored TLR2 expression and Mtb phagocytosis in the alveolar macrophages of alcohol‐fed rats to levels comparable to those of control‐fed rats.ConclusionsChronic alcohol ingestion reduces TLR2 protein expression and phagocytosis of Mtb, likely due to impaired GM‐CSF signaling. GM‐CSF restores membrane‐bound TLR2 expression and phagocytic function.
Paternal alcohol exposure has task‐ and sex‐dependent behavioral effect in offspring
Authors: Nieto Steven J. , Harding Mark J. , Nielsen David A. , Kosten Therese A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundEndophenotypes for alcohol use disorder are well known and may reflect paternal exposure effects passed down to offspring via epigenetic mechanisms. Previously, we showed that paternal alcohol exposure prior to conception attenuates the acquisition of operant alcohol self‐administration. We now test whether paternal alcohol exposure alters their offsprings' behavioral responses to alcohol (endophenotypes) and global DNA methylation levels in reward‐related brain regions.MethodsAdult male rats were exposed to alcohol vapors or air for 6 weeks and mated with alcohol‐naïve females 8 weeks later. Adult male and female offspring of the alcohol‐ and control‐sired litters were tested on three behaviors 30 m after gavage with water or alcohol (1.5 g/kg): open field, elevated plus maze, and accelerating rotarod. Global DNA methylation levels in sperm, nucleus accumbens, and prefrontal cortex were examined in male sires and in another group of offspring.ResultsAlcohol‐sired males showed less anxiety‐like behavior in the elevated plus maze that was not affected by alcohol administration. By contrast, alcohol had anxiolytic effects in the open field in male offspring only with no paternal alcohol effect. Neither paternal alcohol exposure nor alcohol administration altered locomotor activity in either sex. Sex‐specific effects of paternal alcohol exposure were seen in the rotarod test. Alcohol‐sired male offspring showed blunted sensitivity to the alcohol's motor‐impairing effects, whereas alcohol‐sired female offspring showed enhanced sensitivity. Global DNA methylation was altered in the sperm of alcohol‐exposed males, but no changes were seen in their offspring.ConclusionsPaternal alcohol exposure prior to conception has sex‐ and task‐dependent effects on unconditioned behaviors in their offspring.
Intermittent access to oxycodone decreases dopamine uptake in the nucleus accumbens core during abstinence
Authors: Samson Kyle R. , Xu Wei , Kortagere Sandhya , España Rodrigo A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA major obstacle in treating opioid use disorder is the persistence of drug seeking or craving during periods of abstinence, which is believed to contribute to relapse. Dopamine transmission in the mesolimbic pathway is posited to contribute to opioid reinforcement, but the processes by which dopamine influences drug seeking have not been completely elucidated. To examine whether opioid seeking during abstinence is associated with alterations in dopamine transmission, female and male rats self‐administered oxycodone under an intermittent access schedule of reinforcement. Following self‐administration, rats underwent a forced abstinence period, and cue‐induced seeking tests were conducted to assess oxycodone seeking. One day following the final seeking test, rats were sacrificed to perform ex vivo fast scan cyclic voltammetry and western blotting in the nucleus accumbens. Rats displayed reduced dopamine uptake rate on abstinence day 2 and abstinence day 15, compared to oxycodone‐naïve rats. Further, on abstinence day 15, rats had reduced phosphorylation of the dopamine transporter. Additionally, local application of oxycodone to the nucleus accumbens reduced dopamine uptake in oxycodone‐naïve rats and in rats during oxycodone abstinence, on abstinence day 2 and abstinence day 15. These observations suggest that abstinence from oxycodone results in dysfunctional dopamine transmission, which may contribute to sustained oxycodone seeking during abstinence.
A community‐wide approach to reducing risky drinking cultures in young people in rural Australia
Authors: Murphy Angela , Ollerenshaw Alison 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study evaluated the impact of a multi‐faceted, harm minimisation program addressing youth alcohol change and risky drinking behaviours in rural Australia. The role and influence of a multi‐tiered community approach to changing alcohol cultures is examined.SettingAn alcohol culture change project for young people (12–18 years) was implemented in rural Victoria. It was informed by the Alcohol Cultures Framework, comprising community‐wide events and youth‐focused activities, co‐designed with young people. The approach aimed at maximising engagement and reducing alcohol‐related harm by targeting the shared activities and drinking practices of young people, parents and the community.ParticipantsParticipants (n = 446) provided feedback specific to three key program activities for promoting alcohol change.DesignMixed methods: Feedback sheets were collected, and interviews and focus groups were conducted with program participants.ResultsParticipants indicated that the program had informed their understanding of the way people in their region drink, and the social norms and practices around alcohol that encourage risky drinking. It influenced their short‐ and medium‐term reactions, learnings and activities relating to alcohol consumption. The impact of the program was greatest in adults than young people although reflective learning and some behaviour change were evident across all age groups and community clusters.ConclusionCommunity‐wide health promotion events offer participants a deeper understanding of the ways in which dominant alcohol cultures inform the practices and activities of young people within a broader community context. Ensuring health promotion programs within a whole‐of‐community approach are established longer term, is recommended.
Neurodevelopmental outcomes after prenatal exposure to anaesthesia for maternal surgery: a propensity‐score weighted bidirectional cohort study
Authors: Bleeser T. , Devroe S. , Lucas N. , Debels T. , Van de Velde M. , Lemiere J. , Deprest J. , Rex S. 
Published: October 2022

SummaryUp to 1% of pregnant women undergo anaesthesia for non‐obstetric surgery. This study investigated neurodevelopmental outcomes after prenatal anaesthesia for maternal surgery. A bidirectional cohort study of children born between 2001 and 2018 was performed: neurodevelopmental outcomes of children who had received prenatal anaesthesia for maternal surgery were prospectively compared with unexposed children, with exposure status being assessed retrospectively. Children exposed to anaesthesia for obstetric and fetal surgery were excluded. The primary outcome was the global executive composite of the behaviour rating inventory of executive function score. Our secondary outcomes were: total problems; internalising problems and externalising problems derived from the child behaviour checklist; psychiatric diagnoses; and learning disorders. In 90% of exposed children, there was a single mean (SD) antenatal anaesthesia exposure lasting 91(94) min. There was a broad spectrum of indications, with abdominal surgery being most frequent. Parents of 129 exposed (response rate 68%) and 453 unexposed (response rate 63%) children participated. There were no arguments for non‐response bias. After propensity weighting, there were no statistically significant differences in primary outcome, with a weighted mean difference (95%CI) of exposed minus unexposed children of 1.9 (−0.4–4.2), p = 0.10; or any of the secondary outcomes. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness. Exploratory analyses, however, showed significant differences in certain subgroups for the primary outcome, (e.g. for intra‐abdominal surgery, exposure duration > 1 h) and some cognitive subdomains (e.g. working memory and attention). This bidirectional cohort study, the largest investigation on the subject to date, has found no evidence in the general population for an association between prenatal exposure to anaesthesia and impaired neurodevelopmental outcomes.
Perceived ability to defend oneself against negative treatment at work: Gender differences and different types of bullying behaviours
Authors: Rosander Michael , Nielsen Morten B. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA lack of ability to defend oneself against bullying behaviour is considered a defining aspect of workplace bullying. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects perceived ability to defend has on exposure to bullying behaviour, and whether there are gender differences as well as differences regarding the type of bullying behaviour one is exposed to. The study is based on a longitudinal probability sample drawn from the whole Swedish workforce. The final sample size (394 participants, 43% men and 57% women) included only those who responded at both time points and who reported exposure to at least one bullying behaviour. The results showed that perceived ability to defend oneself only had a protective effect on bullying behaviours for male targets exposed to direct types of bullying behaviours. The study is an important contribution to the understanding of workplace bullying as a concept by showing that the perception of being able to protect oneself from bullying behaviour, in most cases, has little or no effect on the levels of bullying behaviour, and thereby on further escalation of the exposure, especially for women. An implication of the results is that organisations and employers must actively intervene in the early stages of the bullying process rather than believing that the targeted worker is able to deal with or withstand the exposure on their own.
Effectiveness and safety of tofacitinib for ulcerative colitis: two‐year results of the ICC Registry
Authors: Straatmijer Tessa , van Schaik Fiona D. M. , Bodelier Alexander G. L. , Visschedijk Marijn , de Vries Annemarie C. , Ponsioen Cyriel Y. , Pierik Marieke , van Bodegraven Ad A. , West Rachel L. , de Boer Nanne K. H. , Srivastava Nidhi , Romkens Tessa E. H. , Hoekstra Jildou , Oldenburg Bas , Dijkstra Gerard , van der Woude Janneke C. , Löwenberg Mark , Mujagic Zlatan , Biemans Vince B. C. , van der Meulen‐de Jong Andrea E. , Duijvestein Marjolijn 
Published: October 2022

SummaryBackgroundTofacitinib is an oral Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor and is registered for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). The effectiveness of tofacitinib has been evaluated up to 12 months of treatment.AimThe aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness and safety of 24 months of tofacitinib use in UC patients in the Netherlands.MethodsPatients initiating tofacitinib treatment were included in the ICC Registry, a nationwide, observational registry. Patients were prospectively evaluated for up to 24 months. The primary outcome was corticosteroid‐free clinical remission (CSFR, Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index [SCCAI] ≤2) at week 104. Secondary outcomes included biochemical remission (C‐reactive protein (CRP) ≤5 mg/L and faecal calprotectin (FC) ≤250 μg/g), safety, and discontinuation rate.ResultsWe included 110 patients of whom 104 (94.5%) were anti‐TNF experienced. After 104 weeks of tofacitinib, 31.8% (34/107) were in CSFR, 23.4% (25/107) in biochemical remission and 18.7% (20/107) in combined clinical and biochemical remission. Of the patients in CSFR at week 52, 76.5% (26/34) remained so after 104 weeks of treatment. Sixty‐one patients (55.5%) discontinued tofacitinib after a median duration of 13 weeks (IQR 7–34). The main reasons for discontinuation were non‐response (59%), loss of response (14.8%), and adverse events (18%). There were 33.9 possible tofacitinib‐related adverse events per 100 patient‐years during follow‐up. Adverse events most probably related to tofacitinib were skin reactions and headaches. There were 6.4 herpes zoster infections per 100 patient‐years.ConclusionTofacitinib was effective in 31.8% of patients after 24 months of treatment.
Black Lives Matter and the spatial imaginaries of urban political resistance
Authors: Dantzler Prentiss A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractScholars have often characterized the city as the epicenter of social inequality. The city has largely been argued to be the product of capitalistic endeavors resulting in deep pockets of conflicting class interests and racial tensions. However, any attempt to understand the city as a function of a broader urban process must consider the ways in which class and racial struggles constitutively restructure power dynamics that are lived out among people and places. In this article, I briefly engage Black Loves Matter (BLM) and their policy efforts to think about the ways in which Black people create imaginaries about their own urban futures.
TAS2940, a novel brain‐penetrable pan‐ERBB inhibitor, for tumors with HER2 and EGFR aberrations
Authors: Oguchi Kei , Araki Hikari , Tsuji Shingo , Nakamura Masayuki , Miura Akihiro , Funabashi Kaoru , Osada Akiko , Tanaka Sakiho , Suzuki Takamasa , Kobayashi Susumu S. , Mizuarai Shinji 
Published: October 2022

AbstractGenetic alterations in human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2)/epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are commonly associated with breast and lung cancers and glioblastomas. Cancers with avian erythroblastosis oncogene B (ERBB) deregulation are highly metastatic and can cause primary brain tumors. Currently, no pan‐ERBB inhibitor with remarkable brain penetration is available. Here, TAS2940, a novel irreversible pan‐ERBB inhibitor with improved brain penetrability, was evaluated for its efficacy against several ERBB aberrant cancer models. The selectivity of TAS2940 was evaluated by enzymatic kinase assays. The inhibitory effects of TAS2940 against ERBB genetic alterations were examined using MCF10A cells expressing various HER2 or EGFR mutations and other generic cell lines harboring deregulated ERBB expression. In vivo efficacy of TAS2940 was examined following oral treatment in subcutaneous or intracranial xenograft cancer models. TAS2940 was highly potent against cells harboring HER2/EGFR alterations. TAS2940 could selectively inhibit phosphorylation of targets and the growth of cancer cells with ERBB aberrations in vitro. TAS2940 also inhibited tumor growth in xenograft mouse models with ERBB aberrations: HER2 amplification, HER2/EGFR exon 20 insertions, and EGFR vIII mutation. TAS2940 was effective in the intracranial xenograft models of HER2/EGFR cancers and improved the survival of these mice. TAS2940 has promising therapeutic effects in preclinical study against cancers harboring HER2/EGFR mutations, especially metastatic and primary brain tumors. Our results highlight potential novel strategies against lung cancers with brain metastases harboring HER2/EGFR exon 20 insertions and glioblastomas with EGFR aberrations.
Development and validation of the Visual Function Battery for Children with Special Needs
Authors: Tsai Li‐Ting , Wu Wei‐Chi , Hsieh Ching‐Lin , Wu Tien‐Yun , Lu Yi‐Chieh , Hou Chiun‐Ho 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimTo develop and validate the Visual Function Battery for Children with Special Needs (VFB‐CSN).MethodThis was a scale development and validation study with (1) construct and item generation and (2) evaluations of interrater reliability, acceptability, and content, ecological, and convergent validities.ResultsChildren with special needs were recruited for the reliability (n = 32) and validity (n = 95) investigations. The construct and items were generated based on literature review and an expert panel. We constructed eight categories, namely visual reflex, ocular muscle balance, visual acuity, oculomotor, visual field, contrast sensitivity, colour/form vision, and visual attention. Both functional assessment and standardized tests were adopted. The reliabilities were high for the whole VFB‐CSN (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.90, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.80–0.90) and good for the oculomotor, contrast sensitivity, and colour/form vision (ICC = 0.80–0.86, 95% CI = 0.50–0.93). Correlations between the VFB‐CSN and the Functional Vision Questionnaire were strong and acceptable for the contrast sensitivity, acuity, and colour/form vision (r = 0.79, r = 0.69, r = 0.69, r = 0.70 respectively). The correlation between the VFB‐CSN and standardized visual acuity test was acceptable (r = −0.72).InterpretationThe VFB‐CSN is a reliable and valid multifaceted battery for children with special needs. Acceptable psychometric properties were also found for the acuity and contrast sensitivity.What this paper adds

The Visual Function Battery for Children with Special Needs (VFB‐CSN) can measure several types of visual function.
The VFB‐CSN also measures varying degrees of visual impairment in children with special needs.
The VFB‐CSN provides functional assessment and quantitative measurement for children with disability and difficulty in cooperating on standardized tests.
Comparison on mechanical behavior and microstructural features between traditional and AM AISI 316L
Authors: Santonocito Dario , Fintová Stanislava , Di Cocco Vittorio , Iacoviello Francesco , Risitano Giacomo , D'Andrea Danilo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe aim of the present work is to investigate the difference in mechanical behavior between AISI 316L obtained by the turning process and that obtained by selective laser melting (SLM). To obtain a correlation between mechanical behavior and microstructure, static tensile and fatigue tests were performed, monitoring the energy release of the material adopting, respectively, the static thermographic method (STM) and the Risitano's thermographic method (RTM). Failure analysis was performed using optical and scanning electron microscopy. The corrosion resistance was evaluated by the double‐loop electropotential reactivation (DL‐EPR). Worst mechanical properties, both under static and fatigue loading conditions, loss of corrosion resistance, and heat dissipation compared to traditional stainless steel have been found. These findings can be attributed to microstructural defects typical of the SLM printing technology.
Interactive effects of global change drivers as determinants of the link between soil biodiversity and ecosystem functioning
Authors: Berlinches de Gea Alejandro , Hautier Yann , Geisen Stefan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBiodiversity, both aboveground and belowground, is negatively affected by global changes such as drought or warming. This loss of biodiversity impacts Earth's ecosystems, as there is a positive relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning (BEF). Even though soils host a large fraction of biodiversity that underlies major ecosystem functions, studies exploring the relationship between soil biodiversity and ecosystem functioning (sBEF) as influenced by global change drivers (GCDs) remain scarce. Here we highlight the need to decipher sBEF relationships under the effect of interactive GCDs that are intimately connected in a changing world. We first state that sBEF relationships depend on the type of function (e.g., C cycling or decomposition) and biodiversity facet (e.g., abundance, species richness, or biomass) considered. Then, we shed light on the impact of single and interactive GCDs on soil biodiversity and sBEF and show that results from scarce studies studying interactive effects range from antagonistic to additive to synergistic when two individual GCDs cooccur. This indicates the need for studies quantitatively accounting for the impacts of interactive GCDs on sBEF relationships. Finally, we provide guidelines for optimized methodological and experimental approaches to study sBEF in a changing world that will provide more valuable information on the real impact of (interactive) GCDs on sBEF. Together, we highlight the need to decipher the sBEF relationship in soils to better understand soil functioning under ongoing global changes, as changes in sBEF are of immediate importance for ecosystem functioning.