bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of serum cardiac troponin I and severity of coronary stenosis in patients with varied renal functions: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Zhang Qian , Wang Yong-Fei , Hu Xiao , Tan Ya-Jun , Gao Cui , Chen Jianxiao , Han Fei , Chen Jianghua , Yang Yi 
Published: March 2022

Background and objectiveRecent studies showed cardiac troponin I (cTnI) might be a non-invasive biomarker to estimate the severity of coronary stenosis. However, serum cTnI is also found associated with renal function. The study objective is to analyse the association of serum cTnI and severity of coronary stenosis in patients with varied renal functions.DesignA retrospective cohort study.SettingThe First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University in Hangzhou, China.PopulationA total of 6487 subjects who underwent elective coronary angiography between January 2017 to June 2020 were involved in this study.Primary outcomesSeverity of coronary stenosis was divided into three degrees based on Gensini score, mild coronary stenosis, moderate coronary stenosis and severe coronary stenosis.ResultsBy using ordinal logistic regression, serum cTnI was associated with severity of coronary stenosis (OR=1.14, p<0.05). By construction and comparison of two models for predicting severity of coronary stenosis, the addition of cTnI significantly improved the predictive ability of the model. Differences between areas under the curves were 0.03, 0.03, 0.03, 0.12 (all p<0.05). Net reclassification improvements were 0.08, 0.05, 0.05, 0.35, respectively, in varied renal functions. Compared with the participants with normal renal function and without hypertroponinaemia, groups of participants with hypertroponinaemia showed higher ORs. ORs were 3.52, 4.20, 4.45, 6.00, respectively, as renal function decreased (all p<0.05).ConclusionsIn this cohort of patients with stable coronary artery disease and varied renal functions, cTnI was intensely associated with severity of coronary stenosis which based on Gensini score. The presentation of hypertroponinaemia in patients with impaired renal function always indicates a higher risk of severe coronary stenosis.
Examining family planning and adverse pregnancy outcomes for women with active tuberculosis disease: a systematic review
Authors: Nguyen Yen , McNabb Katherine C , Farley Jason E , Warren Nicole 
Published: March 2022

Objectives(1) Summarise and evaluate the current evidence of tuberculosis (TB)-associated pregnancy outcomes, (2) evaluate the state of the science of family planning during TB treatment and (3) provide recommendations to move forward to improve care and outcomes during TB disease.DesignSystematic review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines.Data sourcesPubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane, Web of Science and Scopus were searched from September 2009 to November 2021.Eligibility criteriaStudies were included if they assessed pregnant women with active TB, drug-resistant TB (DR-TB) or TB/HIV coinfection and examined pregnancy, maternal, fetal/birth and TB or TB/HIV coinfection outcomes. Studies were also included if they examined family planning services among women initiating TB treatment.Data extraction and synthesisTwo independent reviewers extracted data using PRISMA guidelines and conducted quality assessment using the Joanna-Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tools. The level of evidence was reported using the Johns Hopkins Evidence-Based Practice guidelines.Results69 studies were included in this review. Case reports, case series, case controls, cohort studies, secondary data analyses and a service delivery improvement project conducted in 26 countries made up the totality of the evidence. Most studies reported pregnancy complications for mothers (anaemia, postpartum haemorrhage, deaths) and fetuses or newborns (low birth weight, premature birth, and spontaneous or induced abortions). Few studies discussed the value of offering family planning to prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes. One study examined the effect of a provider training on contraceptive use with reported increased contraceptive use.ConclusionsIntegrating family planning services within a TB treatment programme is essential to reduce adverse TB-associated maternal-child outcomes. Despite well-established adverse pregnancy outcomes, little attention has been paid to family planning to prevent poor pregnancy outcomes for women with TB/DR-TB. Recommendations for clinicians, TB programmes and researchers are provided and reflect evidence presented in this review.
Process evaluation for the adaptation, testing and dissemination of a mobile health platform to support people with HIV and tuberculosis in Irkutsk, Siberia
Authors: Hodges Jacqueline , Waldman Ava Lena , Koshkina Olga , Suzdalnitsky Alexey , Schwendinger Jason , Vitko Serhiy , Plenskey Alexey , Plotnikova Yulia , Moiseeva Elena , Koshcheyev Mikhail , Sebekin Sergey , Zhdanova Svetlana , Ogarkov Oleg , Heysell Scott , Dillingham Rebecca 
Published: March 2022

ObjectivesWe developed and tested a mobile health-based programme to enhance integration of HIV and tuberculosis (TB) care and to promote a patient-centred approach in a region of high coinfection burden. Phases of programme development included planning, stakeholder interviews and platform re-build, testing and iteration.SettingIn Irkutsk, Siberia, HIV/TB coinfection prevalence is high relative to the rest of the Russian Federation.ParticipantsPilot testing occurred for a cohort of 60 people with HIV and TB.ResultsKey steps emerged to ensure the mobile health-based programme could be operational and adequately adapted for the context, including platform language adaptation, optimisation of server management, iteration of platform features, and organisational practice integration. Pilot testing of the platform rebuild yielded favourable patient perceptions of usability and acceptability at 6 months (n=47 surveyed), with 18 of 20 items showing scores above 4 (on a scale from 1 to 5) on average. Development of this mobile health-based programme for integrated care of infections highlighted the importance of several considerations for tailoring these interventions contextually, including language adaptation and technological capacity, but also, importantly, contextualised patient preferences related to privacy and communication with peers and/or providers, existing regional capacity for care coordination of different comorbidities, and infection severity and treatment requirements.ConclusionsOur experience demonstrated that integration of care for TB and HIV can be well served by using multimodal mobile health-based programmes, which can enhance communication and streamline workflow between providers across multiple collaborating institutions and improve continuity between inpatient and outpatient care settings. Further study of programme impact on contextual disease-related stigma and social isolation as well as evaluation of implementation on a broader scale for HIV care is currently under way.Trial registration numberNCT03819374.
Record linkage studies of drug-related deaths among former adult prisoners who have been released to the community: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Cooper Janine A , Onyeka Ifeoma , O'Reilly Dermot , Kirk Richard , Donnelly Michael 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionPrisoners often have a complex mix of health and care needs including needs relating to mental and physical ill-health conditions. In addition, substance use disorders are common in prisoners. The transition between prison and community poses risks in terms of a disruption to treatment and care and a deterioration in health. Studies have demonstrated an increased risk of drug-related deaths among former prisoners during the first weeks following release from custody. The aim of this scoping review is to provide an up-to-date account of evidence from record linkage studies about drug-related deaths among former adult prisoners.Methods and analysisThis is a protocol for a scoping review. The framework for conducting scoping reviews by Arksey and O’Malley, in addition to the methodology and guidance developed by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) and the JBI Collaboration will be followed. MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychINFO and Web of Science will be searched for studies from 2011 to 2021 using search terms relating to ‘mortality’, ‘drugs’ and ‘ex-prisoner’. A preliminary search in MEDLINE identified at least 473 potentially eligible papers. Two authors will independently screen all titles and abstracts for eligibility using the inclusion and exclusion criteria. There will be no geographical restrictions but non-English language papers will be excluded. Data will be extracted using a piloted customised charting form and the findings will be mapped (guided by the population, concept and context inclusion criteria) and grouped by main conceptual categories (including methodology, key findings and gaps in the research).Discussion, ethics and disseminationThis scoping review will identify, map and summarise publicly available sources of research and therefore does not require ethical approval. The results will inform our empirical investigation of ex-prisoner mortality as well as being shared with key stakeholders, disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at relevant conferences.
Warmer summer nocturnal surface air temperatures and cardiovascular disease death risk: a population-based study
Authors: Majeed Haris , Floras John S. 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundIn recent summers, some populous mid-latitude to high-latitude regions have experienced greater heat intensity, more at night than by day. Such warming has been associated with increased cause-specific adult mortality. Sex-specific and age-specific associations between summer nocturnal surface air temperatures (SAT) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) deaths have yet to be established.MethodsA monthly time series analysis (June–July, 2001–2015) was performed on sex-specific CVD deaths in England and Wales of adults aged 60–64 and 65–69 years. Using negative binomial regression with autocorrelative residuals, associations between summer (June–July) nocturnal SAT anomalies (primary exposure) and CVD death rates (outcome) were computed, controlling for key covariates. To explore external validity, similar associations with respect to CVD death in King County, Washington, USA, also were calculated, but only for men aged 60–64 and 65–69 years. Results are reported as incidence rate ratios.ResultsFrom 2001 to 2015, within these specific cohorts, 39 912 CVD deaths (68.9% men) were recorded in England and Wales and 488 deaths in King County. In England and Wales, after controlling for covariates, a 1°C rise in anomalous summer nocturnal SAT associated significantly with a 3.1% (95% CI 0.3% to 5.9%) increased risk of CVD mortality among men aged 60–64, but not older men or either women age groups. In King County, after controlling for covariates, a 1°C rise associated significantly with a 4.8% (95% CI 1.7% to 8.1%) increased risk of CVD mortality among those <65 years but not older men.ConclusionIn two mid-latitude regions, warmer summer nights are accompanied by an increased risk of death from CVD among men aged 60–64 years.
Rural–urban correlates of skilled birth attendance utilisation in Sierra Leone: evidence from the 2019 Sierra Leone Demographic Health Survey
Authors: Sserwanja Quraish , Mufumba Ivan , Kamara Kassim , Musaba Milton W 
Published: March 2022

ObjectivesUnderstanding the rural–urban context-specific correlates of skilled birth attendance (SBA) is important to designing relevant strategies and programmes. This analysis aimed to assess for the rural-urban correlates of SBA in Sierra Leone.SettingThe latest nationally representative Sierra Leone Demographic and Health Survey of 2019.ParticipantsThe study included a weighted sample of 7326 women aged 15–49 years. Each of them had a live birth within 5 years prior to the survey (4531 in rural areas and 2795 women in urban areas).Primary and secondary outcome measureSBA (primary) and predictors of SBA (secondary).ResultsSBA was higher in urban areas at 94.9% (95% CI 94.1% to 95.7%) compared with 84.2% (95% CI 83.8% to 85.9%) in rural areas. Rural women resident in the Southern, Northern and Eastern regions, with postprimary education (adjusted OR (aOR) 1.8; 95% CI 1.3 to 2.5), exposure to mass media (aOR 1.5; 95% CI 1.1 to 1.9), not having difficulties with distance to the nearest health facility (aOR 2.3; 95% CI 1.7 to 3.0) were associated with higher odds of SBA. Urban women resident in the Southern, Eastern region, with households having less than seven members (aOR 1.5; 95% CI 1.1 to 2.3), exposure to mass media (aOR 1.8; 95% CI 1.1 to 2.9) and not having difficulties with distance to the nearest health facility (aOR 1.6; 95% CI 1.1 to 2.5) were associated with higher odds of SBA.ConclusionGiven the observed differences, improving SBA requires programmes and strategies that are context-specific.
Personalising activity to target peak hyperglycaemia and improve cardiometabolic health in people with type 2 diabetes: protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Chang Courtney R , Astell-Burt Thomas , Russell Brooke M , Francois Monique E 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionThe benefits of physical activity for glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes (T2D) are well-known. However, whether established glycaemic and cardiovascular benefits can be maximised by exercising at a certain time of day is unknown. Given postprandial glucose peaks contribute to worsening glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and cardiovascular risk factors, and that exercise immediately lowers blood glucose, prescribing exercise at a specific time of day to attenuate peak hyperglycaemia may improve glycaemic control and reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease in people with T2D.Methods and analysisA single-centre randomised controlled trial will be conducted by the University of Wollongong, Australia. Individuals with T2D (n=70, aged 40–75 years, body mass index (BMI): 27–40 kg/m2) will be recruited and randomly allocated (1:1), stratified for sex and insulin, to one of three groups: (1) exercise at time of peak hyperglycaemia (ExPeak, personalised), (2) exercise not at time of peak hyperglycaemia (NonPeak) or (3) waitlist control (WLC, standard care). The trial will be 5 months, comprising an 8-week intervention and 3-month follow-up. Primary outcome is the change in HbA1c preintervention to postintervention. Secondary outcomes include vascular function (endothelial function and arterial stiffness), metabolic control (blood lipids and inflammation) and body composition (anthropometrics and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)). Tertiary outcomes will examine adherence.Ethics and disseminationThe joint UOW and ISLHD Ethics Committee approved protocol (2019/ETH09856) prospectively registered at the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry. Written informed consent will be obtained from all eligible individuals prior to commencement of the trial. Study results will be published as peer-reviewed articles, presented at national/international conferences and media reports.Trial registration numberACTRN12619001049167.
Using storytelling methodology to identify barriers and facilitators of sustained physical activity in patients with a chronic disease: a qualitative study
Authors: de Boer Johanna Jacoba , Feleus Anita , Hesselink Arlette , Siemonsma Petra , Verhoef John , Schmitt Maarten 
Published: March 2022

ObjectivesTo identify implicit and more profound barriers and facilitators and involving context elements to accomplish sustained physical activity (PA) in patients with a chronic disease. Understanding these barriers and facilitators may help develop future strategies to be used by healthcare professionals in primary care to support patients with a chronic disease to reach sustained PA.Design and methodsThe qualitative, narrative research method storytelling was applied. Perspectives of both patients with a chronic disease (n=12) and involved healthcare professionals (n=11) were collected. Stories were audiotaped and retrieved from the transcriptions. Analysis involved a cyclic process of constant comparison. Main themes were arranged in the theoretical framework of the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation and Behaviour (COM-B) model.ParticipantsPatients were adults with a chronic disease or at high risk of developing a chronic disease who participated in a PA promoting programme. Eligible healthcare professionals were those involved in these PA promoting programmes in primary care, such as physiotherapists, nurse practitioners or sports consultants.ResultsFrom 176 stories, 62 relevant and unique stories were selected for further analysis. Eleven main themes were identified and afterwards linked to the COM-B model. Trust in one’s own capabilities and in the healthcare professional were relevant themes. Also, health literacy and coping with temporary interruption were important capabilities. Important motivators were customised PA, increasing awareness, meaningful activities, exercising in a group and success experiences. Aversion to sports was seen as a barrier. Interprofessional collaboration and prerequisites can be a facilitator or a barrier.ConclusionsThis study provides insight into deeper motivations, barriers and facilitators of sustained PA from both the patients’ and healthcare professionals’ perspective. Comparing these perspectives revealed different views and beliefs on some themes. Attention for temporary interruptions, aversion to sports and health literacy were identified to be important for sustained PA.
Protocol for the Let’s Grow randomised controlled trial: examining efficacy, cost-effectiveness and scalability of a m-Health intervention for movement behaviours in toddlers
Authors: Hesketh Kylie D , Downing Katherine L , Galland Barbara C , Nicholson Jan M , Taylor Rachael , Orellana Liliana , Abdelrazek Mohamed , Koorts Harriet , Brown Victoria , Haines Jess , Campbell Karen J , Barnett Lisa M , Löf Marie , Moodie Marj , Carson Valerie , Salmon Jo 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionDespite being an important period for the development of movement behaviours (physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep), few interventions commencing prior to preschool have been trialled. The primary aim of this trial is to assess the 12-month efficacy of the Let’s Grow mHealth intervention, designed to improve the composition of movement behaviours in children from 2 years of age. Let’s Grow is novel in considering composition of movement behaviours as the primary outcome, using non-linear dynamical approaches for intervention delivery, and incorporating planning for real-world implementation and scale-up from its inception.Methods and analysisA randomised controlled trial will test the effects of the 12-month parental support mHealth intervention, Let’s Grow, compared with a control group that will receive usual care plus electronic newsletters on unrelated topics for cohort retention. Let’s Grow will be delivered via a purpose-designed mobile web application with linked SMS notifications. Intervention content includes general and movement-behaviour specific parenting advice and incorporates established behaviour change techniques. Intervention adherence will be monitored by app usage data. Data will be collected from participants using 24-hour monitoring of movement behaviours and parent report at baseline (T0), mid-intervention (T1; 6 months post baseline), at intervention conclusion (T2; 12 months post baseline) and 1-year post intervention (T3; 2 years post baseline). The trial aims to recruit 1100 families from across Australia during 2021. In addition to assessment of efficacy, an economic evaluation and prospective scalability evaluation will be conducted.Ethics and disseminationThe study was approved by the Deakin University Human Ethics Committee (2020-077). Study findings will be disseminated through publication in peer-reviewed journals, presentation at scientific and professional conferences, and via social and traditional media.Trial registration numberACTRN12620001280998; U1111-1252-0599.
Explaining population trends in cardiovascular risk: protocol for a comparative analysis of health transitions in South Africa and England using nationally representative survey data
Authors: Adjaye-Gbewonyo Kafui , Cois Annibale 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionCardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death globally and share determinants with other major non-communicable diseases. Risk factors for CVD are routinely measured in population surveys and thus provide an opportunity to study health transitions. Understanding the drivers of health transitions in countries that have not followed expected paths compared with those that exemplified models of ‘epidemiologic transition’, such as England, can generate knowledge on where resources may best be directed to reduce the burden of disease. This study aims to examine the notions of epidemiological transition by identifying and quantifying the drivers of change in CVD risk in a middle-income African setting compared with a high-income European setting.Methods and analysisThis is a secondary joint analysis of data collected within the scope of multiple population surveys conducted in South Africa and England between 1998 and 2017 on nationally representative samples of the adult population. The study will use a validated, non-laboratory risk score to estimate and compare the distribution of and trends in total CVD risk in the population. Statistical modelling techniques (fixed-effects and random-effects multilevel regression models and structural equation models) will be used to examine how various factors explain the variation in CVD risk over time in the two countries.Ethics and disseminationThis study has obtained approval from the University of Greenwich (20.5.6.8) and Stellenbosch University (X21/09/027) Research Ethics Committees. It uses anonymised microdata originating from population surveys which received ethical approval from the relevant bodies, with no additional primary data collection. Results of the study will be disseminated through (1) peer-reviewed articles in open access journals; (2) policy briefs; (3) conferences and meetings; and (4) public engagement activities designed to reach health professionals, governmental bodies, civil society and the lay public. A harmonised data set will be made publicly available through online repositories.
Real-world outcomes of a clinical decision support system for diabetic retinopathy in Spain
Authors: Romero-Aroca Pedro , Verges Raquel , Maarof Najlaa , Vallas-Mateu Aida , Latorre Alex , Moreno-Ribas Antonio , Sagarra-Alamo Ramon , Basora-Gallisa Josep , Cristiano Julian , Baget-Bernaldiz Marc 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveThe aim of present study was to evaluate our clinical decision support system (CDSS) for predicting risk of diabetic retinopathy (DR). We selected randomly a real population of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) who were attending our screening programme.Methods and analysisThe sample size was 602 patients with T2DM randomly selected from those who attended the DR screening programme. The algorithm developed uses nine risk factors: current age, sex, body mass index (BMI), duration and treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM), arterial hypertension, Glicated hemoglobine (HbA1c), urine–albumin ratio and glomerular filtration.ResultsThe mean current age of 67.03±10.91, and 272 were male (53.2%), and DM duration was 10.12±6.4 years, 222 had DR (35.8%). The CDSS was employed for 1 year. The prediction algorithm that the CDSS uses included nine risk factors: current age, sex, BMI, DM duration and treatment, arterial hypertension, HbA1c, urine–albumin ratio and glomerular filtration. The area under the curve (AUC) for predicting the presence of any DR achieved a value of 0.9884, the sensitivity of 98.21%, specificity of 99.21%, positive predictive value of 98.65%, negative predictive value of 98.95%, α error of 0.0079 and β error of 0.0179.ConclusionOur CDSS for predicting DR was successful when applied to a real population.