bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scattering properties and dispersion estimates for a one‐dimensional discrete Dirac equation
Authors: Kopylova Elena , Teschl Gerald 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe derive dispersion estimates for solutions of a one‐dimensional discrete Dirac equations with a potential. In particular, we improve our previous result, weakening the conditions on the potential. To this end we also provide new results concerning scattering for the corresponding perturbed Dirac operators which are of independent interest. Most notably, we show that the reflection and transmission coefficients belong to the Wiener algebra.
Synthesis of Crystalline CF3‐Rich Perfluoropolyethers from Hexafluoropropylene Oxide and (Trifluoromethyl)Trimethylsilane
Authors: Koyama Minoru , Akiyama Midori , Kashiwagi Kimiaki , Nozaki Kyoko , Okazoe Takashi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe synthesis of a CF3‐rich perfluoropolyether (PFPE) is achieved via the fluoride‐catalyzed reaction of hexafluoropropylene oxide (HFPO) with (trifluoromethyl)trimethylsilane (TMSCF3, so‐called Ruppert–Prakash reagent). Nucleophilic addition of a CF3 anion to HFPO affords an acyl fluoride via the ring‐opening of HFPO, followed by fluoride elimination. Further addition of CF3 anions to the acyl fluoride gives tertiary perfluoroalkoxide, which attacks HFPO to regenerate an acyl fluoride. Repetition of the sequence via substitution–polymerization affords a new PFPE as a solid, whose structure was confirmed using 19F NMR spectroscopy, GC–MS, and MALDI–TOF MS analysis. Thermal and X‐ray diffraction analyses revealed a crystalline character. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of crystalline PFPE. Based on contact‐angle measurements, the critical surface tension of this solid PFPE (13.4 mN m−1) suggests a water‐ and oil‐repellency of this CF3‐rich PFPE that is higher than that of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE; 18.5 mN m−1).
When Dynamic Diselenide Bonds Meet Dynamic Imine Bonds in Polymeric Materials
Authors: Cao Muqing , Zhao Peng , Liu Cheng , Xia Jiahao , Xu Huaping 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn both natural and artificial functional systems, the cooperation between different dynamic interactions is of vital importance for realizing complicated functions. Dynamic covalent bonds are one kind of relatively stable dynamic interactions and have shown synergistic effect in natural systems such as functional proteins. However, synergistic interactions between different dynamic covalent bonds in polymeric materials are still unclear. Herein, polymeric materials containing diselenide and imine bonds are prepared, and then the synergistic effect between the two dynamic covalent bonds is quantitatively evaluated in typical processes of dynamic materials. The results reveal that dynamic covalent bonds show weak synergistic effect in the degradation process and have strong synergistic effect in stress relaxation process. Therefore, introducing multiple dynamic covalent bonds in polymeric materials can extensively enhance their dynamic properties.
Translational Pharmacology of PRAX‐944, a Novel T‐Type Calcium Channel Blocker in Development for the Treatment of Essential Tremor
Authors: Scott Liam , Puryear Corey B. , Belfort Gabriel M. , Raines Shane , Hughes Zoë A. , Matthews Lillian G. , Ravina Bernard , Wittmann Marion 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundEssential tremor is the most common movement disorder with clear unmet need. Mounting evidence indicates tremor is caused by increased neuronal burst firing and oscillations in cerebello‐thalamo‐cortical circuitry and may be dependent on T‐type calcium channel activity. T‐type calcium channels regulate sigma band electroencephalogram (EEG) power during non‐rapid eye movement sleep, representing a potential biomarker of channel activity. PRAX‐944 is a novel T‐type calcium channel blocker in development for essential tremor.ObjectivesUsing a rat tremor model and sigma‐band EEG power, we assessed pharmacodynamically‐active doses of PRAX‐944 and their translation into clinically tolerated doses in healthy participants, informing dose selection for future efficacy trials.MethodsHarmaline‐induced tremor and spontaneous locomotor activity were used to assess PRAX‐944 efficacy and tolerability, respectively, in rats. Sigma‐power was used as a translational biomarker of T‐type calcium channel blockade in rats and, subsequently, in a phase 1 trial assessing pharmacologic activity and tolerability in healthy participants.ResultsIn rats, PRAX‐944 dose‐dependently reduced tremor by 50% and 72% at 1 and 3 mg/kg doses, respectively, without locomotor side effects. These doses also reduced sigma‐power by ~30% to 50% in rats. In healthy participants, sigma‐power was similarly reduced by 34% to 50% at 10 to 100 mg, with no further reduction at 120 mg. All doses were well tolerated.ConclusionsIn rats, PRAX‐944 reduced sigma‐power at concentrations that reduced tremor without locomotor side effects. In healthy participants, comparable reductions in sigma‐power indicate that robust T‐type calcium channel blockade was achieved at well‐tolerated doses that may hold promise for reducing tremor in patients with essential tremor. © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Design and implementation of a cohort‐based undergraduate research experience in the agricultural sciences
Authors: Maaz Tai McClellan , Nguyen Nhu H. , Del Valle Echevarria Angel R. , Kantar Michael B. , Mileyko Yuriy , Muszynski Michael G. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractScience, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education is consistently seen as a top priority; however, STEM programs often suffer from low retention. Students who start in STEM degree programs often lose interest or face obstacles that cause them to leave. Here, we describe a non‐traditional approach meant to encourage a range of students to pursue or continue their STEM education. Active learning approaches have long been touted to stimulate long‐term interest and prepare students for a career in natural science. We provide a case study of an interdisciplinary, cohort‐centric, mentor‐guided summer research internship. By establishing an understanding of how science is currently conducted in agriculture, through several faculty mentors, the program allowed students to embrace their core interests while being able to fit into larger interdisciplinary narratives which provided motivation to continue their path in STEM education.
Examination of serum metabolome altered by cigarette smoking identifies novel metabolites mediating smoking‐BMI association
Authors: Zhang Ruiyuan , Sun Xiao , Huang Zhijie , Pan Yang , Westbrook Adrianna , Li Shengxu , Bazzano Lydia , Chen Wei , He Jiang , Kelly Tanika , Li Changwei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe authors hypothesize that an untargeted metabolomics study will identify novel mechanisms underlying smoking‐associated weight loss.MethodsThis study performed cross‐sectional analyses among 1,252 participants in the Bogalusa Heart Study and assessed 1,202 plasma metabolites for mediation effects on smoking‐BMI associations. Significant metabolites were tested for associations with smoking genetic risk scores among a subset of participants (n = 654) with available genomic data, followed by direction dependence analysis to investigate causal relationships between the metabolites and smoking and BMI. All analyses controlled for age, sex, race, education, alcohol drinking, and physical activity.ResultsCompared with never smokers, current and former smokers had a 3.31‐kg/m2 and 1.77‐kg/m2 lower BMI after adjusting for all covariables, respectively. A total of 22 xenobiotics and 94 endogenous metabolites were significantly associated with current smoking. Eight xenobiotics were also associated with former smoking. Forty metabolites mediated the smoking‐BMI associations, and five showed causal relationships with both smoking and BMI. These metabolites, including 1‐oleoyl‐GPE (18:1), 1‐linoleoyl‐GPE (18:2), 1‐stearoyl‐2‐arachidonoyl‐GPE (18:0/20:4), α‐ketobutyrate, and 1‐palmitoyl‐GPE (16:0), mediated 26.0% of the association between current smoking and BMI.ConclusionsThis study cataloged plasma metabolites altered by cigarette smoking and identified five metabolites that partially mediated the association between current smoking and BMI.
France and Oceanian Sovereignties
Authors: Le Meur Pierre‐Yves , Mawyer Alexander 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTThe character of sovereignty in its constitution, expression, and experience across Pacific Islands has come into renewed focus over recent years. Decades after the onset of the post‐war period of decolonization and independence, non‐self governing French territories in Oceania are seeing communities chart and navigate new relationships with sovereignty conceptions and practices across local, regional, and global scales. These navigations often evidence striking articulations of authority, rights, governance, and law rooted in enduring cultural values of Pacific Islander communities. Drawing nuanced attention to divergent historical and contemporary articulations of sovereignties in French Polynesia, New Caledonia, Wallis and Futuna, and Vanuatu, the seven articles gathered here collectively highlight the comparabilities, diversities, and trajectories in how sovereignties are being negotiated and contested by different communities within France entangled Oceania. This collection brings into visibility the complicated field of actors maintaining, transforming, or seeking to summon, establish or disestablish forms of sovereignty on the ground in everyday Oceanian worlds.
Motion corrected fetal body magnetic resonance imaging provides reliable 3D lung volumes in normal and abnormal fetuses
Authors: Davidson Joseph , Uus Alena , Egloff Alexia , van Poppel Milou , Matthew Jacqueline , Steinweg Johannes , Deprez Maria , Aertsen Michael , Deprest Jan , Rutherford Mary 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo calculate 3D‐segmented total lung volume (TLV) in fetuses with thoracic anomalies using deformable slice‐to‐volume registration (DSVR) with comparison to 2D‐manual segmentation. To establish a normogram of TLV calculated by DSVR in healthy control fetuses.MethodsA pilot study at a single regional fetal medicine referral centre included 16 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) datasets of fetuses (22–32 weeks gestational age). Diagnosis was CDH (n = 6), CPAM (n = 2), and healthy controls (n = 8). Deformable slice‐to‐volume registration was used for reconstruction of 3D isotropic (0.85 mm) volumes of the fetal body followed by semi‐automated lung segmentation. 3D TLV were compared to traditional 2D‐based volumetry. Abnormal cases referenced to a normogram produced from 100 normal fetuses whose TLV was calculated by DSVR only.ResultsDeformable slice‐to‐volume registration‐derived TLV values have high correlation with the 2D‐based measurements but with a consistently lower volume; bias −1.44 cm3 [95% limits: −2.6 to −0.3] with improved resolution to exclude hilar structures even in cases of motion corruption or very low lung volumes.ConclusionsDeformable slice‐to‐volume registration for fetal lung MRI aids analysis of motion corrupted scans and does not suffer from the interpolation error inherent to 2D‐segmentation. It increases information content of acquired data in terms of visualising organs in 3D space and quantification of volumes, which may improve counselling and surgical planning.
Physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic modeling of dextromethorphan to investigate interindividual variability within CYP2D6 activity score groups
Authors: Rüdesheim Simeon , Selzer Dominik , Fuhr Uwe , Schwab Matthias , Lehr Thorsten 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study provides a whole‐body physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model of dextromethorphan and its metabolites dextrorphan and dextrorphan O‐glucuronide for predicting the effects of cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) drug‐gene interactions (DGIs) on dextromethorphan pharmacokinetics (PK). Moreover, the effect of interindividual variability (IIV) within CYP2D6 activity score groups on the PK of dextromethorphan and its metabolites was investigated. A parent‐metabolite‐metabolite PBPK model of dextromethorphan, dextrorphan, and dextrorphan O‐glucuronide was developed in PK‐Sim and MoBi. Drug‐dependent parameters were obtained from the literature or optimized. Plasma concentration‐time profiles of all three analytes were gathered from published studies and used for model development and model evaluation. The model was evaluated comparing simulated plasma concentration‐time profiles, area under the concentration‐time curve from the time of the first measurement to the time of the last measurement (AUClast) and maximum concentration (Cmax) values to observed study data. The final PBPK model accurately describes 28 population plasma concentration‐time profiles and plasma concentration‐time profiles of 72 individuals from four cocktail studies. Moreover, the model predicts CYP2D6 DGI scenarios with six of seven DGI AUClast and seven of seven DGI Cmax ratios within the acceptance criteria. The high IIV in plasma concentrations was analyzed by characterizing the distribution of individually optimized CYP2D6 kcat values stratified by activity score group. Population simulations with sampling from the resulting distributions with calculated log‐normal dispersion and mean parameters could explain a large extent of the observed IIV. The model is publicly available alongside comprehensive documentation of model building and model evaluation.
Icaritin ameliorates extracellular microparticles‐induced inflammatory pre‐metastatic niche via modulating the cGAS‐STING signaling
Authors: Tu Shumei , Mao Dengxuan , Shi Mengxin , Zhang Huangqin , Liu Congyan , Li Xiaoqi , Zhao Yang , Chen Yan , Liu Yuping 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe concept of the inflammatory pre‐metastatic niche (PMN) provides a new and promising direction for the prevention and treatment of metastasis. The excessive activation of the GAS‐STING signaling leads to augmented metastasis by promoting the formation of the inflammatory PMN. In this study, tumor‐derived microparticles (MP) were used to establish the PMN model both in vitro and in vivo, and pro‐inflammatory mediators were also employed to evaluate the effects of Icaritin (ICT). It was demonstrated that ICT could inhibit the pulmonary metastasis of B16BL6 melanoma cells in mice via interfering with PMN. The phosphorylation and dimerization of STING and its downstream signaling TBK1‐IFNβ were proved to be diminished in the presence of ICT. Furthermore, we revealed that ICT suppressed the generation of pro‐inflammatory PMN through conferring the inactivation of the STING signaling pathway. CETSA and DARTS assay also confirmed that STING tended to be a target for the action of ICT. Collectively, our findings highlight a new binding mechanism between STING and ICT for the inhibition of transduction of the STING signaling pathway, suggesting that pharmacological or therapeutic intervention of the STING‐TBK1‐IFNβ singling axis may serve as an effective strategy to prevent the progression of inflammatory PMN and lung metastasis.
Theoretical study on the interaction of flutamide anticancer drug with cucurbit[n]uril (n = 5–8) as a drug delivery system
Authors: Pandya Jalaja B. , Shinde Satyam M. , Jha Prafulla K. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe supramolecular complexation of flutamide, an anti‐androgen drug with cucurbit[n]uril was studies using density functional theory (DFT). The structural and electronic analysis of the complexes was performed. The negative binding energy of the complexes show that complexation process is exothermic. The thermodynamic results reveal that the process of inclusion complex formation is spontaneous. To gain insightful knowledge about the nature of interactions present between the host‐guest molecules of the complexes, molecular electrostatic potential, non‐covalent interaction–reduced density gradient, and natural bond orbital analysis was done. These results suggest that electrostatic interactions and intermolecular hydrogen bond formation contribute to the stability of these complexes. The coupled‐cluster theory with single, double and perturbatively connected triple excitations calculations for the complexes support the DFT results. The quantitative decomposition of the interaction energies of the complexes was acquired by the local energy decomposition analysis. The atom‐centered density matrix propagation molecular dynamic analysis confirms the stability of the examined complexes.
Immunoglobulin G4‐positive interstitial pneumonia associated with pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis
Authors: Sugino Keishi , Ono Hirotaka , Saito Mikako , Igarashi Seiji , Kurosaki Atsuko , Tsuboi Eiyasu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA 79‐year‐old former smoking Japanese man was admitted to our hospital with a 2‐year history of dry cough and dyspnoea on exertion. High‐resolution computed tomography of the chest revealed reticulation and perilobular opacity with bronchial wall thickening and ground‐glass opacities (GGOs) in both lungs, in addition to subpleural dense consolidation (pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis‐like lesion; PPFE‐like lesion) predominantly in the bilateral upper lobes. Serum immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) was elevated (348 mg/dl). Lung biopsy specimens obtained by video‐assisted surgery revealed a mixture of usual interstitial pneumonia (IP) and non‐specific IP pattern admixed with PPFE. In addition, immunohistochemical staining of IgG4 showed numerous IgG4‐positive plasma cells. Consequently, he was diagnosed with IgG4‐positive IP associated with PPFE. We initiated a combination therapy with prednisolone and cyclosporine as a calcineurin inhibitor. During prednisolone tapering, his clinical conditions and GGOs improved gradually over 12 months. However, reticular opacities and PPFE‐like lesions remained unchanged, and pulmonary function test findings slightly deteriorated.
Prediction of shear crack width for steel fiber reinforced concrete beams
Authors: Negi Bichitra Singh , Jain Kranti 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe shear crack width, crack behavior, and crack development of 24 reinforced concrete beams have been experimentally investigated. All the beams reinforced with longitudinal reinforcement and hooked‐end steel fibers in place of transverse reinforcement. Hooked‐end steel fibers 35 and 60 mm long are used at volume fractions ranging from 0.75% to 1.5% in the first case, and from 0.5% to 1% in the latter case. For extending the scope of the investigation, two types of concrete matrices (normal‐strength of 25 MPa and medium‐strength of 45 MPa) have been investigated. A simple mechanics‐based mathematical model is developed by determining the strains in the transverse direction of shear cracks and the average horizontal spacing between the shear cracks. The accuracy of the model has been confirmed with the experimental results and conservative predictions have been observed with mean, SD, and coefficient of variation as 0.99, 0.19, and 18.96, respectively. Based on detailed mathematical and experimental investigation, the minimum approximately observed shear crack width has value of 0.4 mm for all SFRC beams therefore the allowable shear crack width of 0.4 mm, for steel fiber reinforced concrete has been recommended.
R&D support, technological turbulence, and SMEs' degree of internationalization: The mediating role of technological capability
Authors: Adomako Samuel , Amankwah‐Amoah Joseph , Danquah Joseph Kwadwo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article examines the role of R&D support in the degree of internationalization through the mediating mechanism of technological capability. We also investigate the moderating role of technological turbulence in the relationship between R&D support and technological capability. Using primary data collected from 227 firms engaged in cross‐border activities, and employing moderated mediation analysis, the results show that R&D support positively relates to technological capability, and this relationship is moderated by technological turbulence. Moreover, the impact of R&D support on firms' degree of internationalization is mediated by technological capability. The findings from the study provide implications for IB theory and practice.
Comparison of three anaerobic digestion reactors for low‐carbon wastewater treatment
Authors: Wei Denghui , Zhang Xiaojing , Chen Zhao , He Yu , Dai Jiaqian , Zhang Shengnan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this study, three anaerobic digestion reactors using up‐flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB), anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (AnSBR), and anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) were studied. The chemical oxygen demand (COD), gas production, sludge performance, and microbial characteristics of the anaerobic digestion process were assessed. The results showed that the average COD removal efficiencies reached 86%, 83%, and 85%, with corresponding removed rates of 2.49, 0.48, and 0.79 kg COD m−3 d−1 in UASB, AnSBR, and AnMBR, respectively. After the reactors attained stable operation, both extracellular polymeric substances and soluble microbial products decreased in all the reactors compared with the seed sludge. Methanothrix was the dominant archaea for methane production in the UASB, the relative abundance of which increased from 58.3% to 83.4%. These results identify UASB as the most suitable reactor for anaerobic digestion when treating wastewater with low carbon. Such reactors are important for the application and development of the energy self‐sufficiency in sewage treatment.Practitioner Points
UASB, SBR, and MBR were adopted to treat low‐carbon wastewater using anaerobic digestion process.
UASB performed the highest COD removal from low‐carbon wastewater.
The main microorganisms in UASB were Methanothrix, Methanomassiliicoccus, and Methanobacterium.
Gauging lepton flavor SU(3) for the muon g − 2
Authors: Alonso-Álvarez Gonzalo , Cline James M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Gauging a specific difference of lepton numbers such as Lμ− Lτ is a popular model-building option, which gives rise to economical explanations for the muon anomalous magnetic moment. However, this choice of gauge group seems rather arbitrary, and additional physics is required to reproduce the observed neutrino masses and mixings. We address these shortcomings by embedding Lμ− Lτ in the vectorial SU(3) gauge symmetry of lepton flavor. The vacuum expectation values (VEVs) of scalar fields in the fundamental, six-dimensional and adjoint representations allow for phenomenologically viable lepton and gauge boson masses. The octet scalar gives rise to charged lepton masses, and together with the triplet scalar generates masses for all the leptophilic gauge bosons except for the Lμ− Lτ one. The latter gets its smaller mass from the sextet VEVs, which also generate the neutrino masses, and are determined up to an overall scaling by the observed masses and mixings. The model predicts three heavy neutral leptons at the GeV-TeV scale as well as vectorlike charged lepton partners; it requires the mass of the lightest active neutrino to exceed 10−4 eV, and it naturally provides a resolution of the Cabibbo angle anomaly.