bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drivers of polar bear behavior and the possible effects of prey availability on foraging strategy
Authors: Togunov Ron R. , Derocher Andrew E. , Lunn Nicholas J. , Auger-Méthé Marie 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Change in behavior is one of the earliest responses to variation in habitat suitability. It is therefore important to understand the conditions that promote different behaviors, particularly in areas undergoing environmental change. Animal movement is tightly linked to behavior and remote tracking can be used to study ethology when direct observation is not possible.

Methods
We used movement data from 14 polar bears (Ursus maritimus) in Hudson Bay, Canada, during the foraging season (January–June), when bears inhabit the sea ice. We developed an error-tolerant method to correct for sea ice drift in tracking data. Next, we used hidden Markov models with movement and orientation relative to wind to study three behaviors (stationary, area-restricted search, and olfactory search) and examine effects of 11 covariates on behavior.

Results
Polar bears spent approximately 47% of their time in the stationary drift state, 29% in olfactory search, and 24% in area-restricted search. High energy behaviors occurred later in the day (around 20:00) compared to other populations. Second, olfactory search increased as the season progressed, which may reflect a shift in foraging strategy from still-hunting to active search linked to a shift in seal availability (i.e., increase in haul-outs from winter to the spring pupping and molting seasons). Last, we found spatial patterns of distribution linked to season, ice concentration, and bear age that may be tied to habitat quality and competitive exclusion.

Conclusions
Our observations were generally consistent with predictions of the marginal value theorem, and differences between our findings and other populations could be explained by regional or temporal variation in resource availability. Our novel movement analyses and finding can help identify periods, regions, and conditions of critical habitat.
Antivirus isoindolinone alkaloids with rare oxocyclopenta[f]isoindole frameworks isolated from the stems of flue cured tobacco
Authors: Hu Qiu-Fen , Ma Yue-Yu , Liu Hua-Yin , Dai Jia-Meng , Yang Feng-Xian , Zhang Jian-Duo , Wang Jin , Li Xue-Mei , Liu Xin , Li Jing , Li Yin-Ke , Wang Wei-Guang , Zhou Min , Yang Guang-Yu 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Since Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco) has important significance to humans for their medicinal uses, to find antivirus activities inhibitors from tobacco, increase its medicinal value, and comprehensive utilization of its by-products, our group had investigated the chemical constituents of the stems of Y-202, a cultivar of tobacco which high resistance to tobacco mosaic virus (TMV).

Results
Four new isoindolinone-type alkaloids, nicoisoindoles A–D (1–4), along with four known isoindole derivatives (5–8) were isolated. Compounds 1–4 represent a new subclass of isoindolinone alkaloids with rare cyclopenta[f]isoindole-1-one frameworks. Among them, nicoisoindole C (3) possesses an unusual N-2-(5-methoxy-6-methylpyridin-2-yl) ethyl moiety, while nicoisoindole D (4) has a novel a N-(3-methyl-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridin-2-yl)methyl substituent. Interestingly, compounds 1, 3, and 4 showed high anti-TMV activities with inhibition rates of 43.8%, 58.8%, and 67.8% at the concentration of 20 μM, and IC50 values of 23.6, 19.5 and 15.4 μM, respectively, even more potent than that of positive control.

Conclusions
The successful isolation and structure identification of new oxocyclopenta[f]isoindole-1-ones provide materials for the screening of antivirus activities inhibitors, and contribute to the development and utilization of the waste from tobacco cultivation.

Graphical Abstract
Akatsuki LIR observing system simulation experiments evaluated by thermal tides in the Venus atmosphere
Authors: Sugimoto Norihiko , Fujisawa Yukiko , Komori Nobumasa , Ando Hiroki , Kouyama Toru , Takagi Masahiro 
Published: November 2022

AbstractImpacts of temperature assimilation on Venusian thermal tides are investigated by the observing system simulation experiments assuming Akatsuki Longwave Infrared Camera (LIR) observations. Synthetic temperature data are prepared by a Venusian general circulation model (VGCM) to test if LIR temperature data resolves a discrepancy in the structure of thermal tides between observations and the VGCM. They are assimilated at 70 km altitude with several combinations of frequency and horizontal region. The result shows that the three-dimensional structure of thermal tides is significantly improved not only in temperature but also in horizontal wind, even if observations are available only at a limited frequency of 6-hourly or on the dayside. The zonal–mean zonal wind and temperature fields are also modified at 60–80 km altitudes globally through the vertical momentum transport of thermal tides. It would be promising to assimilate Akatsuki LIR observations to produce realistic objective analysis of the Venus atmosphere.
Mask-wearing selectivity alters observers’ face perception
Authors: Freud Erez , Di Giammarino Daniela , Camilleri Carmel 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFace masks became prevalent across the globe as an efficient tool to stop the spread of COVID-19. A host of studies already demonstrated that masks lead to changes in facial identification and emotional expression processing. These changes were documented across ages and were consistent even with the increased exposure to masked faces. Notably, mask-wearing also changes the state of the observers in regard to their own bodies and other agents. Previous research has already demonstrated a plausible association between observers’ states and their perceptual behaviors. Thus, an outstanding question is whether mask-wearing would alter face recognition abilities. To address this question, we conducted a set of experiments in which participants were asked to recognize non-masked faces (Experiment 1), masked faces (Experiment 2) and novel objects (Experiment 3) while they were either masked or unmasked. Mask wearing hindered face perception abilities but did not modulate object recognition ability. Finally, we demonstrated that the decrement in face perception ability relied on wearing the mask on distinctive facial features (Experiment 4). Together, these findings reveal a novel effect of mask-wearing on face recognition. We discuss these results considering the plausible effect of somatosensory stimulation on visual processing as well as the effect of involuntary perspective taking.
Fistulous communication with bowel loop: a rare presentation of intra-abdominal seminoma
Authors: Rajasimman Aishvarya Shri , Sahoo Biswajit , Alagappan Alamelu , Das Prabhodha Kumar , Mishra Pritinanda , Bag Nerbadyswari Deep 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
The complications associated with abdominal testis include torsion, rupture, and malignant transformation.

Case presentation
A 40-year-old man presented with complaints of left-sided abdominal mass and abdominal pain. On contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT), there was a well-defined heterogeneously enhancing mass lesion in the lower abdomen with calcification showing fistulous communication to the adjacent ileal loops. The lesion was seen supplied by the left gonadal artery raising suspicion for testicular origin. On performing a scrotal ultrasound, the left testis was found absent. A radiological diagnosis of abdominal testicular neoplasm was made.

Conclusions
Histopathological examination proved the lesion to be a germ cell tumor, consistent with seminoma.
A single-blind, randomised controlled trial of a physical health nurse intervention to prevent weight gain and metabolic complications in first-episode psychosis: the Physical Health Assistance in Early Psychosis (PHAstER) study
Authors: O'Donoghue Brian , Mifsud Nathan , Castagnini Emily , Langstone Alison , Thompson Andrew , Killackey Eoin , McGorry Patrick 
Published: November 2022

Background
Factors that contribute to the early mortality observed in psychotic disorders, specifically obesity, smoking and sedentary behaviour, occur early in the disorder.

Aims
We aimed to determine whether the integration of a physical health nurse in the care of young people with first-episode psychosis could prevent clinically significant weight gain (≥7% body weight). Secondary outcomes included rates of smoking, metabolic syndrome and sedentary behaviour.

Method
In this single-blind, randomised controlled trial, participants who had received under 4 weeks of antipsychotic medication were randomly allocated to either the intervention (addition of a physical health nurse to their care) or treatment as usual (TAU) for 12 weeks.

Results
Of the 77 participants, there were follow-up data for 86.8% (n = 33) of the intervention group and 82.1% (n = 32) of the TAU group. After 12 weeks, 27.3% of the intervention group experienced clinically significant weight gain compared with 34.4% of the TAU group (odds ratio 0.72, 95% CI 0.25–2.06, P = 0.54). After 6 months, 40.7% of the intervention group gained clinically significant weight compared with 44.1% of the TAU group (P = 0.79). There was no difference in mean change in weight between groups after 12 weeks (2.6 kg v. 2.9 kg, P = 0.87) or 6 months (3.6 kg v. 4.3 kg, P = 0.64). There were no differences in the rates of tobacco smoking cessation, prevalence of metabolic syndrome or physical activity levels.

Conclusions
This intervention failed to prevent the metabolic complications that are highly prevalent in psychotic disorders in the short to medium term, indicating that more intensive interventions are required.
Robust stimulated Raman shortcuts to adiabatic passage with deep learning
Authors: Messikh Chahrazed , Messikh Azeddine 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
One of the challenging tasks in quantum control is to manipulate quantum systems with high fidelity and as fast as possible. Simulated Raman shortcuts to adiabatic passage with invariant-based optimal control is an efficient technique accurately used to transfer population between two quantum states in three-level systems. This technique requires tuning parameters continuously which results in analog quantum control. However, a digital quantum controller design is of great importance in the era of digital quantum computing. Here, we use deep reinforcement learning to obtain digital Stokes and pump fields that can realize fast and accurate population transfer between states with the same parity in the three-level Λ configuration. We find that deep reinforcement learning follows exactly theshortcuts to adiabaticity (STA) based on dynamical invariant and leads to a robust population transfer against systematic errors and dephasing. This is a promising enhancement in digital quantum information processing.
Study on the Correlation and Clinical Significance of T lymphocyte Subsets, IL-6 and PCT in the Severity of Patients with Sepsis
Authors: Li Qian , Yan Wenwen , Liu Sha , Li Hui 
Published: November 2022

Objective: To evaluate the correlation and clinical significance of T lymphocyte subsets, IL-6 and PCT in the severity of patients with sepsis.
Methods: One-hundred and twenty patients with sepsis admitted to Baoding No.1 Central Hospital from March 05, 2021 to March 05, 2022 were selected and divided into three groups according to the severity of the disease: the sepsis group, the severe sepsis group and the septic shock group, with 40 cases in each group. The venous blood of all patients was drawn with a sterile vacuum blood collection tube after admission to detect the levels of T lymphocyte subsets CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD4+/CD8+, and the venous blood was collected to detect the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and procalcitonin (PCT). The three groups of patients were compared to analyze whether there were differences, and whether there was a correlation between the level of each indicator and the prognosis of patients after treatment.
Results: The levels of CD3+, CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ in the three groups decreased with the aggravation of the disease, with a significant difference (p=0.00). The levels of IL-6 and PCT increased with the aggravation of the disease among the three groups, with statistically significant differences (IL-6, p=0.00; PCT, p=0.01). The better the patients recovered after treatment, the higher the levels of CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+, and the two were positively correlated; While the lower the levels of IL-6 and PCT, the two were negatively correlated.
Conclusion: Peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets and serum IL-6, PCT are abnormally expressed in patients with sepsis, and have a close bearing on the severity of the disease, which has a certain predictive value for patients after recovery. In view of this, the above indicators are of high clinical significance.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.1.5711
How to cite this: Li Q, Yan W, Liu S, Li H. Study on the Correlation and Clinical Significance of T lymphocyte Subsets, IL-6 and PCT in the Severity of Patients with Sepsis. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(1):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.1.5711
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Effect of Hypertension on EPR effect Induced by Polymer Nanomicelles in Renal Cell Carcinoma in vitro
Authors: Cui Zhenyu , Ma Tao , Yang Wenzeng , Shuang Weibing 
Published: November 2022

Objective: To investigate the effect of hypertension on the (enhanced permeability and retention, EPR) effect induced by polymer nanomicelles in renal cell carcinoma in vitro.
Methods: A total of 80 patients with renal cell carcinoma treated at the Department of Urology Surgery in the Dept. of Urology of the Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University from Oct. 2019 to Oct. 2020, were analyzed retrospectively. The hypertension group (experimental group) included 40 patients, and the normal blood pressure group (control group) included 40 patients. The diagnosis of renal clear cell carcinoma was confirmed by preoperative auxiliary examinations, such as ultrasonography and CT combined with postoperative pathological analysis. All patients underwent laparoscopic radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma. Polymer nanomicelles (loaded with prolonium iodide) were perfused into the resected kidney specimens within the specified time. The iodine enrichment of polymer nanomicelles in renal tumors was assessed by CT scanning. The peak EPR effect and the time to the peak were statistically compared between the two groups.
Results: No significant differences were found in age, sex, location of kidney disease, tumor location or tumor size between the two groups (p> 0.05). The peak () of the EPR effect in experimental group was 3.60±0.95 ug/cm3 and 3.01±0.96 ug/cm3 in control group, respectively. There was significant difference between the two groups (p< 0.05). The time to the peak of the EPR effect was 3.76±0.75 h in experimental group and 3.82±0.93 hour in control group, respectively. No statistically significant difference was found in the time to the peak of the EPR effect between the two groups (p> 0.05).
Conclusion: Hypertension has a certain effect on the EPR effect induced by polymer nanomicelles in renal cell carcinoma in vitro.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.1.6584
How to cite this: Cui Z, Ma T, Yang W, Shuang W. Effect of Hypertension on EPR effect Induced by Polymer Nanomicelles in Renal Cell Carcinoma in vitro. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(1):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.1.6584
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Efficient femtosecond optical parametric amplification and wavelength conversion in silicon waveguides
Authors: Liu H. , Wang Z. , Wen J. , Huang N. , Sun Q. 
Published: November 2022

Efficient femtosecond optical parametric amplification and wavelength conversion via four-wave mixing (FWM) in silicon waveguides are demonstrated. In the femtosecond FWM process, the spectra are greatly broadened, and it is difficult to achieve efficient wavelength conversion and parametric amplification when the pump and signal pulse widths are close to or less than 100 fs because of the spectral overlap. The spectral overlap can be suppressed by tailoring the dispersion profiles of the silicon waveguides, and separable spectra are obtained for parametric amplification with 200 fs pulses. On-chip parametric gain as high as 26.8 dB and idler conversion gain of 25.6 dB is achieved with a low pump peak power over a flat bandwidth of 400 nm in a 10-mm-long dispersion engineered silicon waveguide. In addition, the impact of initial chirp on the wavelength conversion is also investigated, and relative narrower FWM spectra with most of the energy remain in the central peak can be obtained using appropriate initial chirp. The conversion bandwidth greater than 500 nm with peak conversion efficiency of -1.6 dB can be obtained.
Pattern changes of cutaneous dermatoses among Iraqi women preceding and during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: A. Abdullah Galawish 
Published: November 2022

Background: We compared the pattern of cutaneous dermatoses among Iraqi females of all ages between 4 months preceding the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, and the same months 1 year later within the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, that targeted all female patients attending an outpatient clinic for dermatology and venereology in Al-Kindy teaching hospital, Baghdad between October 2019 to the end of January 2020, and the same 4-month duration 1 year later (October 2020 to the end of January 2021) after the COVID-19 peak period had passed and there was no or partial curfew to exclude seasonal impact. Results: A total of 2657 female-patients of all ages were enrolled in this study with 1314 females during the 4 months pre COVID-19, and 1343 females during the pandemic. The mean age of patients presented before the pandemic was 27.2±16.6 years, while the mean age of patients during the pandemic was 28.1±15.6 years with no statistically significant difference in mean ages (P >0.05). Hair loss in general with telogen effluvium specifically increased significantly. Cutaneous contagious viral infections were reduced significantly and specifically of these molluscum contagiosum and condylomata accuminata. Other forms of infections including bacterial and parasitic were also reduced while dermatophytosis was increased but not to a significant level. Acne vulgaris, rosacea, lichen planus, urticaria, pityriasis rosea, seborrheic dermatitis, and vitiligo were increased, but psoriasis, alopecia areata, other types of dermatitis, and melasma were reduced but none to a significant level. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in changes in the pattern of diseases presented to an out-patient clinic for dermatology and venereology. This could be either related to COVID-19 infection or stress associated with the pandemic, because of curfew, or wearing facemasks which may cause a decrease or increase in certain diseases.
Training beyond borders: A WPA pilot project for Child and Adolescent Mental Health course in Pakistan
Authors: Imran Nazish , Hamdan Qurrat Ulain , Thomson Sophie , Hermans Marc , Javed Afzal , Ng Roger 
Published: November 2022

Background: The World Psychiatric Association (WPA) strives to close the gap between expertise in high income countries (HICs) and low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). WPA volunteering programme is a project framework wherein area specific experts from HICs volunteer to support local experts in the LMICs in training their own professionals. This paper reports on the outcome of a collaborative project on Child and Adolescent Mental Health (CAMH) training in Pakistan. Methods: Thirty participants from twenty three different institutions across Pakistan were selected on the basis of their interest in CAMH. Two volunteers (ST and MH) met online with the Pakistani representatives (NI and QUH) to develop a programme. They also regularly met online between the sessions to evaluate adjustments in order to increase appropriateness of the offered content according to participants‘ feedback and suggestions. Results: The pre- and post-course evaluation revealed statistically significant improvement in knowledge and skills gained in different topics covered in the course (P-value<0.001) as well as improvement in confidence in applying the theoretical knowledge of CAMH problems in their daily clinical practice (P-value<0.001) Conclusions: The WPA volunteering programme is a valuable strategy to deliver effective and much needed training in low resource settings. Long-distance learning via live online sessions is effective and worthwhile, especially when they provide opportunities for participants to learn from interactive sessions.
The Formation of Symbiotic Potential and Yields of Soybean Depending on Elements of Growing Technology
Authors: Shevnikov Mykola , Milenko Olha , Lotysh Ihor , Shevnikov Dmytro , Kostenko Maxim 
Published: November 2022

The study of the nitrogen-fixing activity of nodule bacteria of soybean plants and features of the formation of the number and mass of nodules depending on variety, sowing method and seeding rate influenced by water regime of the soil and different lighting intensity.
Methods: Field and laboratory experiments, evaluation and comparison. A series of laboratory experiments in sand culture have explored the influence of water logging and dehydration of the root system and light intensity on soybean nitrogenase activity and the release of CO2 by nodules of plants. According to the results of field research it was found that the intensity of nodule formation was increased from the phase of the third trifoliate leaf prior to flowering. At a sowing rate of 500 seeds it made from 20,0 PCs. for the variety Ustya to 27,4 in the variety of Romance. The increase in seeding rate contributed to the increase in the number of nodules to 28,1 per piece (Romance), 27,5 pieces (Ustya) and 25,5 units (Vorskla). The mass of active nodules was within 75% of the total number. Seed rate more than method of sowing influenced the amount of soybean yield. Increase the seeding rate to 800 thousand/ha of viable seeds, especially of sowing on later dates, have not contributed to a significant increase in productivity. Therefore it is most expedient to sow soybean normal line (15 cm) or in wide (45 cm) methods with a seeding rate of 700 thousand/ha of viable seeds. In the line way of sowing increasing the seeding rate contributed to the increase in the number of nodules to 28,1 per piece (Romance), 27,5 pieces (Ustya) and 25,5 units (Vorskla). In wide way of sowing these figures were less than 4,5% to 10,6%. The mass of active nodules was within 75% of the total number. It is advisable to sow soybean normal line (15 cm) or in wide (45 cm) methods with a seeding rate of 700 thousand/ha of viable seeds.