bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel chemical inhibitor of polar auxin transport promotes shoot regeneration by local enhancement of HD‐ZIP III transcription
Authors: Yang Saiqi , de Haan Marjolein , Mayer Julius , Janacek Dorina P. , Hammes Ulrich Z. , Poppenberger Brigitte , Sieberer Tobias 
Published: May 2022

Summary

De novo shoot organogenesis is a prerequisite for numerous applications in plant research and breeding but is often a limiting factor, for example, in genome editing approaches. Class III homeodomain‐leucine zipper (HD‐ZIP III) transcription factors have been characterized as crucial regulators of shoot specification, however up‐stream components controlling their activity during shoot regeneration are only partially identified.

In a chemical genetic screen, we isolated ZIC2, a novel activator of HD‐ZIP III activity. Using molecular, physiological and hormone transport analyses in Arabidopsis and sunflower (Helianthus annuus), we examined the molecular mechanism by which the drug promotes HD‐ZIP III expression.

ZIC2‐dependent upregulation of HD‐ZIP III transcription promotes shoot regeneration in Arabidopsis and is accompanied by the induction of shoot specifying factors WUS and RAP2.6L and a subset of cytokinin biosynthesis enzymes. ZIC2’s effect on HD‐ZIP III expression and regeneration is based on its ability to limit polar auxin transport. We further provide evidence that chemical modulation of auxin efflux can enhance de novo shoot formation in the regeneration recalcitrant species sunflower.

Activation of HD‐ZIP III transcription during shoot regeneration depends on the local distribution of auxin and chemical modulation of auxin transport can be used to overcome poor shoot organogenesis in tissue culture.
Factors determining the myopia control effect of an orthokeratology lens: A two‐year multi‐level model
Authors: Chen Xiaohang , Xiong Yan , Liu Fengyang , Wang Jianglan , Yang Bi , Liu Longqian 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPurposeA multi‐level model was used to analyse factors, including environmental factors, affecting the controlling effect of orthokeratology on myopia progression.MethodsA 2‐year prospective study was conducted in the West China Hospital, Sichuan University. Age, sex, height, baseline spherical equivalent refraction, choroidal thickness, axial length and other biometric ocular parameters were collected. Additionally, data on the following environmental factors were obtained: near‐work distance and time, sleep time and time spent outdoors. After the baseline measurements, participants were followed up every 3 months for 2 years of lens wear. The primary outcome measure was axial length elongation over 2 years of orthokeratology. All variables were included in a univariate, three‐level analysis model with inclusion in the final multivariate multi‐level model if statistically significant.ResultsThirty‐three participants (average age 9.73 ± 1.55 years) were included in this study. During the 2‐year period of lens wearing, binocular changes in axial length increased significantly from the ninth month and continued until the end of the follow‐up. Changes in axial length after 2 years of lens wearing were 0.44 ± 0.30 mm and 0.37 ± 0.26 mm in the right and left eyes, respectively (both p < 0.001). Based on the 2‐year multi‐level model, age, sex, baseline spherical equivalent refraction, flatter keratometry meridian and near‐work time influence the effect of orthokeratology.ConclusionsThis is the first study to use a multi‐level model to analyse factors, including environmental factors, that affect myopia control using orthokeratology. These results showed that younger age, being female, having lower myopia at baseline, a steeper flattest keratometry meridian and no more than 5 h of near work per day were associated with better myopia control effect using orthokeratology over a 2‐year treatment period.
Stem small vascular bundles have greater accumulation and translocation of non‐structural carbohydrates than large vascular bundles in rice
Authors: Zhang Guo , Cui Kehui , Li Guohui , Pan Junfeng , Huang Jianliang , Peng Shaobing 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPhloem unloading and loading are associated with stem non‐structural carbohydrates (NSCs) accumulation and remobilization in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Four rice recombinant inbred lines (R032, R191, R046, and R146) derived from a cross between Zhenshan 97 and Minghui 63 were used to investigate the contributions of stem large and small vascular bundles (SVBs) to NSCs accumulation and translocation. Before heading, the parenchyma cells in stem cortex tissues (PCs) surrounding SVBs had higher starch density than those surrounding large vascular bundles (LVBs). Moreover, the protein levels of sucrose transporters (SUTs), cell wall invertase, sucrose synthase, and adenosine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase, as well as the phloem plasmodesma densities were higher in SVBs than those in LVBs. After heading, starch density decreased more in PCs surrounding SVBs than in LVBs. Also, the protein levels of SUTs, α‐amylase, sucrose phosphate synthase and sucrose synthase, the phloem plasmodesma densities in SVBs were higher than those in LVBs. The correlations of the number and total cross‐sectional area of SVBs with mass and contribution to yield of transferred NSCs were higher than those of LVBs. Our results suggest that SVBs may have higher contributions to pre‐anthesis stem NSCs accumulation and post‐anthesis translocation than LVBs, which is potentially attributed to the high level of protein and enzyme involved in stem unloading and loading via apoplastic and symplastic pathways.
Genome‐wide identification of catfish antimicrobial peptides: A new perspective to enhance fish disease resistance
Authors: Wang Jinhai , Su Baofeng , Dunham Rex A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAntimicrobial peptides (AMPs), also known as host defence peptides, are evolutionarily ancient defensive weapons that can combat infections caused by pathogens. Fish‐derived AMPs have shown microbicidal properties, host immunomodulatory responses, and are induced by a variety of factors, especially pathogenic infection and abiotic stress, which may activate downstream signalling pathways to initiate the expression of antimicrobial peptide genes. Large‐scale genome sequencing has been applied in many aquatic animals, providing databases for the systematic identification of putative AMPs in these species. Recently, the whole genome and the proteome of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) were released; by taking advantage of the antimicrobial peptide database and combining the proteome of catfish, we established a bioinformatic analysis pipeline to identify catfish AMP repertoire. This review introduces an effective method for the identification and development of putative AMPs based on protein datasets, and summarizes the structural properties, immunomodulation and molecular responses in vivo of catfish AMPs. In addition, the evaluation of the antibacterial activity of synthetic or isolated AMPs in vitro, and the applications of AMPs in fish via genetic engineering and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats associated proteins system (CRISPR/Cas9) were presented, which supports antimicrobial research and aquaculture therapy. The summary and comparison of these AMPs will enhance our understanding and their cross‐species applications. Combined with current genetic engineering and genome editing techniques, it is possible to promote the development of immune processes to protect valuable aquatic animals from infectious diseases.
Effect of addition of l‐carnitine to cryopreservation extender on rabbit post‐thaw semen parameters, antioxidant capacity, mitochondrial function, apoptosis and ultrastructure changes
Authors: Abdelnour Sameh A. , Hassan Mahmoud A.E. , El‐Ratel Ibrahim T. , Essawi Walaa M. , El‐Raghi Ali Ali , Lu Yangqing , Sheiha Asmaa M. 
Published: May 2022

Abstractl‐Carnitine (LC) is considered to be a natural antioxidant agent that could be used to improve the efficiency of reproduction. However, the precise machinery of the effect of LC supplementation on frozen–thawed rabbit sperm has not been evaluated. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the addition of LC to a freezing medium on parameters and ultrastructure changes in frozen–thawed rabbit sperm. Rabbit bucks (7 months of age) were involved, and semen was collected using the artificial vagina method. Pooled rabbit semen was cryopreserved in a tris yolk fructose extender without any supplement (LC0, control group) or with LC at levels of 1, 2 or 4 mM (LC1, LC2 and LC4, respectively). The samples were then loaded into 0.25‐ml straws and frozen over liquid nitrogen vapours before being plunged into the liquid nitrogen and stored at −196°C until evaluation. Data showed that the addition of LC significantly increased sperm motility, viability and membrane function, while sperm abnormalities decreased (p < .001). Sperm‐like apoptosis (early, late and necrosis spermatozoa) was lower in the LC4 group compared with the other groups. l‐Carnitine addition significantly enhanced the total antioxidant capacity and superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxide activities and significantly reduced the protein carbonyl and malondialdehyde levels compared with the control group. Moreover, electron microscopy images demonstrated that LC addition (2 or 4 mM) preserved the acrosome and plasma membrane and protected the ultrastructure integrity of the cryopreserved spermatozoa in relation to the control group. Spermatozoa treated with LC exhibited higher mitochondria membrane potential (MMP) values compared with the control group. We conclude that the addition of LC (4 mM) to the freezing extender enhanced the quality, increased the antioxidant capabilities, preserved the ultrastructure integrity and reduced lipid and protein peroxidation as well as increased MMP activity of frozen–thawed rabbit sperm.
The CaPti1–CaERF3 module positively regulates resistance of Capsicum annuum to bacterial wilt disease by coupling enhanced immunity and dehydration tolerance
Authors: Shi Lanping , Li Xia , Weng Yahong , Cai Hanyang , Liu Kaisheng , Xie Baixue , Ansar Hussain , Guan Deyi , He Shuilin , Liu Zhiqin 
Published: May 2022

SUMMARYBacterial wilt, a severe disease involving vascular system blockade, is caused by Ralstonia solanacearum. Although both plant immunity and dehydration tolerance might contribute to disease resistance, whether and how they are related remains unclear. Herein, we showed that immunity against R. solanacearum and dehydration tolerance are coupled and regulated by the CaPti1–CaERF3 module. CaPti1 and CaERF3 are members of the serine/threonine protein kinase and ethylene‐responsive factor families, respectively. Expression profiling revealed that CaPti1 and CaERF3 were upregulated by R. solanacearum inoculation, dehydration stress, and exogenously applied abscisic acid (ABA). They in turn phenocopied each other in promoting resistance of pepper (Capsicum annuum) to bacterial wilt not only by activating salicylic acid‐dependent CaPR1, but also by activating dehydration tolerance‐related CaOSM1 and CaOSR1 and inducing stomatal closure to reduce water loss in an ABA signaling‐dependent manner. Our yeast two hybrid assay showed that CaERF3 interacted with CaPti1, which was confirmed using co‐immunoprecipitation, bimolecular fluorescence complementation, and pull‐down assays. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that upon R. solanacearum inoculation, CaPR1, CaOSM1, and CaOSR1 were directly targeted and positively regulated by CaERF3 and potentiated by CaPti1. Additionally, our data indicated that the CaPti1–CaERF3 complex might act downstream of ABA signaling, as exogenously applied ABA did not alter regulation of stomatal aperture by the CaPti1–CaERF3 module. Importantly, the CaPti1–CaERF3 module positively affected pepper growth and the response to dehydration stress. Collectively, the results suggested that immunity and dehydration tolerance are coupled and positively regulated by CaPti1–CaERF3 in pepper plants to enhance resistance against R. solanacearum.
2022 Update of the Consensus on the Rational Use of Antithrombotics and Thrombolytics in Veterinary Critical Care (CURATIVE) Domain 1‐ Defining populations at risk
Authors: deLaforcade Armelle , Bacek Lenore , Blais Marie‐Claude , Boyd Corrin , Brainard Benjamin M , Chan Daniel L. , Cortellini Stefano , Goggs Robert , Hoareau Guillaume L , Koenigshof Amy , Li Ron , Lynch Alex , Ralph Alan , Rozanski Elizabeth , Sharp Claire R 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo expand the number of conditions and interventions explored for their associations with thrombosis in the veterinary literature and to provide the basis for prescribing recommendations.DesignA population exposure comparison outcome format was used to represent patient, exposure, comparison, and outcome. Population Exposure Comparison Outcome questions were distributed to worksheet authors who performed comprehensive searches, summarized the evidence, and created guideline recommendations that were reviewed by domain chairs. The revised guidelines then underwent the Delphi survey process to reach consensus on the final guidelines. Diseases evaluated in this iteration included heartworm disease (dogs and cats), immune‐mediated hemolytic anemia (cats), protein‐losing nephropathy (cats), protein‐losing enteropathy (dogs and cats), sepsis (cats), hyperadrenocorticism (cats), liver disease (dogs), congenital portosystemic shunts (dogs and cats) and the following interventions: IV catheters (dogs and cats), arterial catheters (dogs and cats), vascular access ports (dogs and cats), extracorporeal circuits (dogs and cats) and transvenous pacemakers (dogs and cats).ResultsOf the diseases evaluated in this iteration, a high risk for thrombosis was defined as heartworm disease or protein‐losing enteropathy. Low risk for thrombosis was defined as dogs with liver disease, cats with immune‐mediated hemolytic anemia, protein‐losing nephropathy, sepsis, or hyperadrenocorticism.ConclusionsAssociations with thrombosis are outlined for various conditions and interventions and provide the basis for management recommendations. Numerous knowledge gaps were identified that represent opportunities for future studies.
Experimental Study of Heat Extraction and Soil Recovery During Space Heating Application Using Ground Source Heat Pump System
Authors: Kumar Satish , Murugesan Krishnan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The present research paper reports experimental results on the coupled phenomena of heat extraction and heat recovery by a double U-tube borehole heat exchanger (BHE) and its thermal performance for space heating application using a ground source heat pump (GSHP) system. Experiments were performed on a 5-ton cooling capacity GSHP system installed at Roorkee located in the northern part of India, during peak and moderate winter seasons. The heat interaction by the GSHP system with the ground is achieved by five double U-tube BHEs and one single U-tube BHE of 120 m depth each. Experimental trials were conducted for parallel and series flow of heat transfer fluid (water) in the BHE. Temperature of water and power consumption by the GSHP was monitored continuously during heat extraction for 12 h and heat recovery of soil as well. For the peak winter season, during heat extraction, a 5 °C temperature rise was observed in BHE water for series connection, which is about 10% higher than that of the parallel case. Maximum heat extraction of 14.8 kW was obtained for the series connection, which is 20% higher than the parallel one, thus resulting in a 20% higher value of the overall coefficient of performance (COP) of the system for series mode compared to the parallel mode operation during the peak winter season. However, the ground near the BHE has taken lesser time for heat recovery in parallel mode compared to the series mode.
Cataract progression after Nd:YAG laser iridotomy in primary angle-closure suspect eyes
Authors: Chang Dolly Shuo-Teh , Jiang Yuzhen , Kim Julia Anne , Huang Shengsong , Munoz Beatriz , Aung Tin , He Mingguang , Foster Paul J , Friedman David 
Published: May 2022

Background/AimsProphylactic laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) is performed in primary angle-closure suspect (PACS) eyes to prevent acute angle-closure attacks. However, accelerated cataractogenesis is a potential risk of the procedure that may result in decreased visual acuity. We aimed to assess the long-term impact of LPI on cataract formation in Chinese PACS.MethodsIn the Zhongshan Angle Closure Prevention Trial, eligible bilateral PACS participants received LPI in one randomly selected eye, while the fellow eye remained untreated. Cataract was graded using the Lens Opacity Classification System III, and progression was defined as an increase in grade by at least two units in any category or cataract surgery.ResultsIn total, 889 participants were randomly assigned to LPI in one eye only (mean age 59±5 years, 83% female). At 72 months, treated eyes had slightly higher average nuclear grades (p<0.001). However, there were no differences between eyes for predefined cataract progression (cumulative probability at 72 months: 21.2% in LPI vs 19.4% in control, p=0.401) or cataract surgery (1% for both). While LPI-treated eyes had a 10% higher risk of progression over 6 years (HR=1.10 (95% CI 0.88 to 1.36)), this was not statistically significant. Visual acuity at 72 months was similar in treated and untreated eyes (p=0.43).ConclusionAlthough lenses were graded on average as slightly more opaque in laser-treated eyes, prophylactic neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet LPI did not cause significant cataract progression. Our results suggest that LPI treatment of asymptomatic narrow angles does not increase the risk of developing clinically meaningful cataract worsening over time.Trial registration numberISRCTN45213099.
Direct patient costs of maternal care and birth-related complications at faith-based hospitals in Madagascar: a secondary analysis of programme data using patient invoices
Authors: Franke Mara Anna , Ranaivoson Rinja Mitolotra , Rebaliha Mahery , Rasoarimanana Sahondra , Bärnighausen Till , Knauss Samuel , Emmrich Julius Valentin 
Published: May 2022

ObjectivesWe aimed to determine the rate of catastrophic health expenditure incurred by women using maternal healthcare services at faith-based hospitals in Madagascar.DesignThis was a secondary analysis of programmatic data obtained from a non-governmental organisation.SettingTwo faith-based, secondary-level hospitals located in rural communities in southern Madagascar.ParticipantsAll women using maternal healthcare services at the study hospitals between 1 March 2019 and 7 September 2020 were included (n=957 women).MeasuresWe collected patient invoices and medical records of all participants. We then calculated the rate of catastrophic health expenditure relative to 10% and 25% of average annual household consumption in the study region.ResultsOverall, we found a high rate of catastrophic health expenditure (10% threshold: 486/890, 54.6%; 25% threshold: 366/890, 41.1%). Almost all women who required surgical care, most commonly a caesarean section, incurred catastrophic health expenditure (10% threshold: 279/280, 99.6%; 25% threshold: 279/280, 99.6%). The rate of catastrophic health expenditure among women delivering spontaneously was 5.7% (14/247; 10% threshold).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that direct patient costs of managing pregnancy and birth-related complications at faith-based hospitals are likely to cause catastrophic health expenditure. Financial risk protection strategies for reducing out-of-pocket payments for maternal healthcare should include faith-based hospitals to improve health-seeking behaviour and ultimately achieve universal health coverage in Madagascar.
Effectiveness and safety of blonanserin for improving social and cognitive functions in patients with first-episode schizophrenia: a study protocol for a prospective, multicentre, single-arm clinical trial
Authors: Pu Chengcheng , Lei Lei , Yang Fude , Deng Hong , Sheng Jianhua , Liu Zhening , Hu Shaohua , Wang Lina , Wu Bin , Bo Qijing , Inoue Yoshifumi , Yu Xin 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionBoth the pharmacological characteristics of blonanserin and its related small sample size studies suggest that blonanserin could alleviate social and cognitive dysfunctions in patients with schizophrenia. However, no large sample size studies have been performed so far. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness and safety of blonanserin in improving social and cognitive functions in patients with first-episode schizophrenia.Methods and analysisThis is a prospective, multicentre, single-arm clinical trial. A total of 188 patients with first-episode schizophrenia will be enrolled and will undergo a 0–7 day washout period before blonanserin administration. Doses of blonanserin will first be set to 4 mg P.O. twice per day after meals and gradually increased to 8–16 mg/d P.O., depending on patient’s age and symptoms, for 26 weeks. Maximum dose of blonanserin will not be exceeding 24 mg/day. The primary endpoint of the study is the changes of Personal and Social Performance (PSP) score in patients from baseline to week 26. Secondary endpoints include changes in MATRICS consensus cognitive battery (MCCB), Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT), grooved pegboard test (GPT), Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total score and PANSS 5-factor subscale scores. Other endpoints include changes of serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) at corresponding visits and MRI results. Moreover, incidence of adverse events, changes in endocrine and metabolic profiles, renal, hepatic and sexual functions and extrapyramidal symptoms will be strictly monitored and recorded.Ethics and disseminationThe study was approved by the ethics committee of the leading site Peking University Sixth Hospital (No. 2018–18), and all included patients are requested to provide written informed consent before enrolment. The study will be conducted according to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and follow the principles for clinical research.Trial registration numberNCT03784222.