bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An explainable self-attention deep neural network for detecting mild cognitive impairment using multi-input digital drawing tasks
Authors: Ruengchaijatuporn Natthanan , Chatnuntawech Itthi , Teerapittayanon Surat , Sriswasdi Sira , Itthipuripat Sirawaj , Hemrungrojn Solaphat , Bunyabukkana Prodpran , Petchlorlian Aisawan , Chunamchai Sedthapong , Chotibut Thiparat , Chunharas Chaipat 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is an early stage of cognitive decline which could develop into dementia. An early detection of MCI is a crucial step for timely prevention and intervention. Recent studies have developed deep learning models to detect MCI and dementia using a bedside task like the classic clock drawing test (CDT). However, it remains a challenge to predict the early stage of the disease using the CDT data alone. Moreover, the state-of-the-art deep learning techniques still face black box challenges, making it questionable to implement them in a clinical setting.

Methods
We recruited 918 subjects from King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital (651 healthy subjects and 267 MCI patients). We propose a novel deep learning framework that incorporates data from the CDT, cube-copying, and trail-making tests. Soft label and self-attention were applied to improve the model performance and provide a visual explanation. The interpretability of the visualization of our model and the Grad-CAM approach were rated by experienced medical personnel and quantitatively evaluated using intersection over union (IoU) between the models’ heat maps and the regions of interest.

Results
Rather than using a single CDT image in the baseline VGG16 model, using multiple drawing tasks as inputs into our proposed model with soft label significantly improves the classification performance between the healthy aging controls and the MCI patients. In particular, the classification accuracy increases from 0.75 (baseline model) to 0.81. The F1-score increases from 0.36 to 0.65, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) increases from 0.74 to 0.84. Compared to the multi-input model that also offers interpretable visualization, i.e., Grad-CAM, our model receives higher interpretability scores given by experienced medical experts and higher IoUs.

Conclusions
Our model achieves better classification performance at detecting MCI compared to the baseline model. In addition, the model provides visual explanations that are superior to those of the baseline model as quantitatively evaluated by experienced medical personnel. Thus, our work offers an interpretable machine learning model with high classification performance, both of which are crucial aspects of artificial intelligence in medical diagnosis.
T2-weighted MRI-based radiomics for discriminating between benign and borderline epithelial ovarian tumors: a multicenter study
Authors: Wei Mingxiang , Zhang Yu , Bai Genji , Ding Cong , Xu Haimin , Dai Yao , Chen Shuangqing , Wang Hong 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Preoperative differentiation between benign and borderline epithelial ovarian tumors (EOTs) is challenging and can significantly impact clinical decision making. The purpose was to investigate whether radiomics based on T2-weighted MRI can discriminate between benign and borderline EOTs preoperatively.

Methods
A total of 417 patients (309, 78, and 30 samples in the training and internal and external validation sets) with pathologically proven benign and borderline EOTs were included in this multicenter study. In total, 1130 radiomics features were extracted from manually delineated tumor volumes of interest on images. The following three different models were constructed and evaluated: radiomics features only (radiomics model); clinical and radiological characteristics only (clinic-radiological model); and a combination of them all (combined model). The diagnostic performances of models were assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, and area under the ROC curves (AUCs) were compared using the DeLong test.

Results
The best machine learning algorithm to distinguish borderline from benign EOTs was the logistic regression. The combined model achieved the best performance in discriminating between benign and borderline EOTs, with an AUC of 0.86 ± 0.07. The radiomics model showed a moderate AUC of 0.82 ± 0.07, outperforming the clinic-radiological model (AUC of 0.79 ± 0.06). In the external validation set, the combined model performed significantly better than the clinic-radiological model (AUCs of 0.86 vs. 0.63, p = 0.021 [DeLong test]).

Conclusions
Radiomics, based on T2-weighted MRI, can provide critical diagnostic information for discriminating between benign and borderline EOTs, thus having the potential to aid personalized treatment options.
Iatrogenic central retinal artery occlusion following retrobulbar anesthesia with adrenaline for vitreoretinal surgery: a case report
Authors: Confalonieri Filippo , Ladstein Gunn Elin , Stene-Johansen Ingar , Petrovski Goran 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
We describe a patient presenting with central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) of the right eye after retrobulbar anesthesia with adrenaline for macular pucker surgery.

Case presentation
The patient, a 67-year-old Caucasian man, developed a CRAO postoperatively by the next-day control likely due to the retrobulbar injection of a combination of Xylocaine and Bupivacaine with adrenaline as anesthetic.

Conclusions
The addition of adrenaline to the standard anesthetic solution could be a risk factor for serious complications, such as CRAO.
Tree stumps — an important but undervalued dead wood pool
Authors: Didion Markus , Abegg Meinrad 
Published: August 2022

AbstractKey messageDead wood in forests is an important resource due to its role for nutrient cycles, carbon budgets, and biodiversity, among other. While standing and downed dead wood are typically monitored in National Forest Inventories (NFI), stumps have not received comparable attention. Based on the detailed stump inventory in the current Swiss NFI, this study demonstrates the important contribution of stumps to the dead wood pool.ContextDead wood (DW) in forests is an important resource due to its role for nutrient cycles, carbon budgets, and biodiversity, among other. NFIs provide representative DW estimates focusing primarily on standing and downed DW. Little is known on stumps as a DW pool.AimsThe aim of this study is to obtain an accurate assessment of the stump volume and biomass in the Swiss NFI to identify its significance for the DW pool, to evaluate the development over the last 30 years, and to examine the need for additional measurements for improving estimates compared to commonly applied assumptions for stump height such as a constant stump height or a fraction of tree height.MethodsThe current NFI includes a detailed stump inventory to improve accuracy and completeness of the aboveground DW pool estimate. Based on available data, stump volume estimates were derived at different accuracies to evaluate the contribution to the total DW pool over time.ResultsBased on the extended stump inventory in the NFI5, the contribution of stumps to the total DW pool is approximately 25%. The effect of simplifying assumptions or limited measurements to estimate stump volume can result in a significant underestimation of up to$$2/3$$2/3of the more accurate and comprehensive assessment of this pool.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that stumps can be a significant proportion of DW in forests, which should be accounted for in order to improve accuracy and completeness of NFI estimates and derived data such as C stocks for greenhouse gas reporting.
The road to 6G: a comprehensive survey of deep learning applications in cell-free massive MIMO communications systems
Authors: Iliadis Lazaros Alexios , Zaharis Zaharias D. , Sotiroudis Sotirios , Sarigiannidis Panagiotis , Karagiannidis George K. , Goudos Sotirios K. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe fifth generation (5G) of telecommunications networks is currently commercially deployed. One of their core enabling technologies is cellular Massive Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (M-MIMO) systems. However, future wireless networks are expected to serve a very large number of devices and the current MIMO networks are not scalable, highlighting the need for novel solutions. At this moment, Cell-free Massive MIMO (CF M-MIMO) technology seems to be the most promising idea in this direction. Despite their appealing characteristics, CF M-MIMO systems face their own challenges, such as power allocation and channel estimation. Deep Learning (DL) has been successfully employed to a wide range of problems in many different research areas, including wireless communications. In this paper, a review of the state-of-the-art DL methods applied to CF M-MIMO communications systems is provided. In addition, the basic characteristics of Cell-free networks are introduced, along with the presentation of the most commonly used DL models. Finally, future research directions are highlighted.
Optimal error estimates of the local discontinuous Galerkin methods based on generalized fluxes for 1D linear fifth order partial differential equations
Authors: Bi Hui , Chen Yixin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we study the error estimates of local discontinuous Galerkin methods based on the generalized numerical fluxes for the one-dimensional linear fifth order partial differential equations. We use a newly developed global Gauss–Radau projection to obtain the linear type of optimal error estimates. The numerical experiments show that the scheme coupled with the third order implicit Runge–Kutta method can achieve the optimal $(k+1)$
(
k
+
1
)
th order of accuracy.
Perceptions of buprenorphine barriers and efficacy among nurse practitioners and physician assistants
Authors: Andraka-Christou Barbara , Page Cory , Schoebel Victoria , Buche Jessica , Haffajee Rebecca L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Medications for opioid use disorder (MOUDs), including methadone, buprenorphine, and naltrexone, decrease mortality and morbidity for people with opioid use disorder (OUD). Buprenorphine and methadone have the strongest evidence base among MOUDs. Unlike methadone, buprenorphine may be prescribed in office-based settings in the U.S., including by nurse practitioners (NPs) and physician assistants (PAs) who have a federal waiver and adhere to federal patient limits. Buprenorphine is underutilized nationally, particularly in rural areas, and NPs/PAs could help address this gap. Therefore, we sought to identify perceptions of buprenorphine efficacy and perceptions of prescribing barriers among NPs/PAs. We also sought to compare perceived buprenorphine efficacy and perceived prescribing barriers between waivered and non-waivered NPs/PAs, as well as to compare perceived buprenorphine efficacy to perceived naltrexone and methadone efficacy.

Methods
We disseminated an online survey to a random national sample of NPs/PAs. We used Mann–Whitney U tests to compare between waivered and non-waivered respondents. We used non-parametric Friedman tests and post-hoc Wilcoxon signed-rank tests to compare perceptions of medication types.

Results
240 respondents participated (6.5% response rate). Most respondents agreed buprenorphine is efficacious and believed counseling and peer support should complement buprenorphine. Buprenorphine was generally perceived as more efficacious than both naltrexone and methadone. Perceived buprenorphine efficacy and prescribing barriers differed by waiver status. Non-waivered practitioners were more likely than waivered practitioners to have concerns about buprenorphine affecting patient mix. Among waivered NPs/PAs, key buprenorphine prescribing barriers were insurance prior authorization and detoxification access.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that different policies should target perceived barriers affecting waivered versus non-waivered NPs/PAs. Concerns about patient mix suggest stigmatization of patients with OUD. NP/PA education is needed about comparative medication efficaciousness, particularly regarding methadone. Even though many buprenorphine treatment patients benefits from counseling and/or peer support groups, NPs/PAs should be informed that such psychosocial treatment methods are not necessary for all buprenorphine patients.
Structural Behaviour of Polystyrene Foam Lightweight Concrete Beams Strengthened with FRP Laminates
Authors: Montaser Wael M. , Shaaban Ibrahim G. , Zaher Amr H. , Khan Sadaqat U. , Sayed Mustafa N. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLightweight concrete (LWC) is one of the most important building materials nowadays. Many research studies were focused on LWC produced using lightweight aggregates. However, limited work was cited for LWC produced using polystyrene beads. In this study, LWC beams strengthened with carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) and glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) were experimentally tested to investigate the improvement in their flexural and shear behaviours. LWC in this investigation was achieved by partial replacement of normal aggregate by polystyrene beads and resulted in approximately 30% less weight compared to Normal weight concrete. Fourteen Reinforced Concrete (RC) LWC beams of 100 mm by 300 mm cross section having an overall length of 3250 mm were tested under four-point bending. These beams were designed, detailed, and tested to obtain flexural and shear mode of failure. These beams were divided into two groups based on the intended failure mode. In each group, six beams were strengthened using CFRP and GFRP laminates, while the remaining one beam was used as control. The tested parameters were the type of FRP, the width of the laminates used in shear strengthening, and the number of layers used in flexural strengthening. It was found that strengthening of LWC beams using CFRP and GFRP layers resulted in increasing the loading capacity and decreasing deflection as compared to control. The strengthening with CFRP and GFRP is also suitable in reducing the crack width and crack propagation which is more significant in LWC beams. The experimental results were also compared with the expressions in codes for forecasting the strength of LWC beams and it was that these expressions are compatible with the experimental results.
Scientific investigation to look into the conservation history of a Tang Dynasty terracotta Dancing Horse
Authors: Conti C. , Catrambone M. , Colombo C. , Possenti E. , Rectenwald K. M. , Realini M. , Strobbia P. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A terracotta Dancing Horse sculpture dating to the Tang Dynasty (China) and owned by the Cincinnati Art Museum (US) is the topic of the present investigation. Besides its intrinsic artistic and historical values, the peculiarity of this horse concerns its conservation history; it shows extensive breakage signs and restoration and above all, the presence of an odd tassel on the frontal part of the head. Nine tassels are present on the two sides of the body, which is very common for these kinds of sculptures. Here, a scientific survey of this masterpiece is proposed aimed at looking into its conservation history, shedding light into the condition of the body and the tassels and the presence of residual conservation products applied during its troubled history. A comparative molecular, chemical and mineralogical study of the tassels is carried out focused on the identification of original and non-original materials, eventually added during restoration works. The multi-analytical protocol has been optimized for achieving as much information as possible from the available samples, a few mg of powders. X-ray powder diffraction and Raman Spectroscopy techniques have been followed by Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy and Ionic Chromatography, using the same small aliquot of powders. Scientific investigations highlighted that the odd tassel on the head and other two tassels on the body are not original, but replaced or added in subsequent time. Their composition includes both organic (polyester resin and/or phthalate) and inorganic compounds (sulphates and carbonates). Further data on original terracotta composition, decay substances and applied conservation products, provided new knowledge on past restoration treatments and cultural value. Importantly, the outcomes achieved with X-ray powder diffraction to identify the tassels authenticity were matched by Raman Spectroscopy, a technique that can be also used in situ with portable instruments, paving the way to non-invasive in situ authenticity studies as future perspective.
Grounded theory-based model of the influence of digital communication on handicraft intangible cultural heritage
Authors: Li Jia 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Digital technologies have altered social interaction and information transmission, creating new cultural communication media and models. Despite extensive investigations into the effect of digital communication on handicraft intangible cultural heritage (ICH), research on the relationship between the factors that influence the digital communication of handicraft ICH is relatively scarce. This study used open-ended interviews and textual analysis to obtain data concerning these influencing factors. A grounded theory approach found that five core factors have significant effects on the digital communication of handicraft ICH. These are digital communication awareness, cultural communication initiative, adaptability of digital technology, audience acceptance and cognition, and uncontrollable factors. Furthermore, a theoretical “awareness-behavior-attitude” model based on an analysis of the relationships between the five factors was constructed. Finally, the action mechanism of the theoretical model was identified and tested, revealing that the action modes of each influencing factor were inconsistent. Antecedent factors were directly proportional to awareness-behavior, situational factors were inversely proportional to awareness-behavior, and regulatory factors were inversely proportional to behavior-attitude. In addition, situational factors and regulatory factors were found to have a positive impact on antecedent factors.
Compliance to radiography practice of high-kilovoltage technique for chest radiography in South South Nigeria
Authors: Esien-umo Emmanuel O. , Chiaghanam Ndubuisi O. , Erim Akwa E. , Effa Michael , Egbe Nneoyi O. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
The production of a good quality chest radiograph depends on the selection of appropriate kilovoltage and current–time product while keeping the radiation dose to patients as low as possible. This study assessed radiographers’ level of compliance to the use of high kV as standard for postero-anterior (PA) chest X-ray in the South South region of Nigeria.

Results
Seventy-seven of the 82 questionnaires administered were completely filled and returned giving a response rate of 94%. Of these 77 respondents, only 74% (n = 57) were aware of high-kV technique as the recommended procedure for PA chest X-ray. Departmental protocols (technique chart with exposure factors) were also non-existent in all hospitals/diagnostic centres used in this study. Thirty-one respondents were males (40%); 44% (n = 34) working in public hospitals only and 32% (n = 25) with less than five years of working experience were aware of this technique. On the benefits, more than 50% of the respondents were familiar with the benefits of using high-kV technique as the recommended standard for PA chest X-rays. Responses on the benefits of the technique varied from 77% (n = 59) for patient dose reduction to 51% (n = 39) for better imaging of the airways. The use of high-kV technique for PA chest X-rays showed only 13% compliance. Factors influencing compliance included imaging system (film screen /digital), X-ray tube rating and X-ray unit with preset/manual exposure factors (p < 0.05).

Conclusions
The present study revealed low compliance to high-kV technique in this region, suggesting a potential increase in ionizing radiation dose to patients during chest radiography, hence the need to improve adherence to the recommended standard.
Prevalence of pneumonia and associated factors among children aged 6–59 months in Angolela Tera district, North Shoa, Ethiopia, 2021, community-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Mengstie Leweyehu Alemaw 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Childhood pneumonia is the commonest cause of suffering worldwide. Among under-five children where it accounts for more than one out of seven under-five death globally. It is the single leading cause of death in Ethiopia, accounting for 18% of all under-five mortality burdens. These deaths are easily preventable and treatable through simple and cost-effective interventions. The study aims to assess the prevalence and associated factors of pneumonia among under-five children at Angolela Tera district, North Shoa, Ethiopia, 2021. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on a simple random sample with a sample size of 414 registered mothers with 6–59 months of children. Semi-structured questionnaires were used to collect data. The data were entered using the EpiData version 3.1, and analysis was done by SPSS version 24. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis was used.

Results
The prevalence of pneumonia in children under five was 5.8% (95% CI 3.6–8.2%). Based on the multivariable logistic regression analysis of this study, child male sex, have no family toilet, children having fever in the last 2 weeks, lack of maternal ANC follow-up and children with stunted were associated with pneumonia.

Conclusions
The study shows that the prevalence of under-five pneumonia was low as compared to recent EDHS 2016. Therefore, by making interventions on potential determinates such as by improving family latrine utilization, improving the nutritional status of children, and early control of respiratory tract infection and fever, we can reduce under-five pneumonia.
MicroRNA-379-5p regulates free cholesterol accumulation and relieves diet induced-liver damage in db/db mice via STAT1/HMGCS1 axis
Authors: Dong Yunxia , Yu Chuwei , Ma Ningning , Xu Xiaoding , Wu Qian , Lu Henglei , Gong Likun , Chen Jing , Ren Jin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLipotoxicity induced by the overload of lipid in the liver, especially excess free cholesterol (FC), has been recognized as one of driving factors in the transition from non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). MicroRNA (miR)-379-5p has been reported to play regulatory roles in hepatic triglyceride homeostasis, but the relationship of miR-379-5p and hepatic cholesterol homeostasis has never been touched. In the current study, we found that hepatic miR-379-5p levels were decreased obviously in NAFLD patients and model mice compared with their controls. Moreover, miR-379-5p was discovered to be able to inhibit intracellular FC accumulation and alleviate mitochondrial damage induced by palmitic acid (PA) in vitro. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-379-5p in HFHC-fed db/db mice could reduce the level of hepatic total cholesterol (TC) and FC, and ameliorate hepatic injury reflected by the lower serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST). Subsequently, by combining spectrometry (MS) and luciferase assay, we identified miR-379-5p suppressed STAT1 through transcriptional and translational regulation. Finally, we confirmed that STAT1 was a transcriptional factor of HMGCS1. In conclusion, miR-379-5p inhibits STAT1 expression and regulates cholesterol metabolism through the STAT1/HMGCS1 axis, suggesting miR-379-5p might be applied to improve lipotoxicity in the future.