bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is self‐explanation better than explaining to a fictitious student when learning from video lectures?
Authors: Pi Zhongling , Zhang Yi , Shi Dongyuan , Guo Xin , Yang Jiumin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGenerating written explanations is a popular learning strategy in an online learning environment. Students can explain to themselves (ie, self‐explanations) or a peer‐student (ie, instructional explanations). However, for improving learning from video lectures, it is unclear whether writing self‐explanations is more beneficial than writing instructional explanations, and whether writing both types of explanation is more beneficial than writing only one type. We compared the learning‐related outcomes of students who wrote explanations under one of four conditions: self‐explanation (n = 30), instructional explanation (n = 30), self‐explanation then instructional explanation (n = 30) and instructional explanation then self‐explanation (n = 30). We assessed the participants' external and internal attention, explanation quality, and immediate and delayed learning performance. Students in the conditions that included self‐explanations showed higher internal attention, as well as better immediate and delayed performance than those in the instructional explanations condition. In addition, students in the two combined conditions showed a higher level of organization and elaboration than those in the instructional explanations condition. These results suggest that students should write explanations to themselves while learning from video lectures.
Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic

Generating explanations is a beneficial learning strategy.
It is unclear whether explaining to oneself (self‐explanations) is more beneficial than explaining to a peer (instructional explanations).
The benefits of writing instructional explanations on learning performance were not consistently found across diverse areas.
What this paper adds

Self‐explanations, both in oral and written form, were more effective for learning performance than instructional explanations.
Students in the conditions that included both self‐explanations and instructional explanations demonstrated a higher level of organization and elaboration than those in the instructional explanation condition.
When compared to the self‐explanations condition, additional instructional explanations had no effect on learning performance or internal attention.
Implications for practice and/or policy

Self‐explanations was an excellent approach for learning from video lectures.
Students should write explanations to themselves while learning from video lectures.
Angled ball and locator attachments for immediate loaded inclined implants used to retain maxillary overdentures: A cross over study of patient satisfaction and oral health related quality of life
Authors: Aboelez Marwa Ahmed , Elezz Mona Galal Abo , Abdraboh Abdelrahman Elsaid , Elsyad Moustafa Abdou 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this was to compare the influence of two different angulated abutment designs on patient satisfaction, oral health‐related quality of life, and prosthetic aspects of implant‐supported maxillary overdentures.Materials and MethodsFor this cross‐over study, 18 patients with completely edentulous maxillary ridges opposing implant‐retained mandibular overdentures received 4 implants between the maxillary sinuses using computer‐guided surgery. The anterior implants were installed at canine/lateral incisor areas and inclined 15° labially. The posterior implants were inserted just anterior to the maxillary sinuses and inclined 15o distally. Eight patients received maxillary overdentures retained by angled ball attachment (ball overdenture [BOD]) and angled locator attachment in random order. After 6 months, patients indicated satisfaction with their prosthesis using a visual analog scale (VAS), and oral health impact profile (OHIP‐14). Moreover, postinsertion prosthodontic maintenance and complications were recorded for both attachments. Comparisons of patient satisfaction and prosthetic complications between groups were performed using the Wilcoxon matched‐pairs test and the McNemar test, respectively.ResultsLocator overdenture (LOD) recorded significantly higher scores than the BOD group regarding all the VAS questions except for ease of cleaning (p < 0.007). LOD recorded significantly higher patient satisfaction regarding the pronunciation of sounds (p = 0.009), painful aching (p = 0.018), feeling tense (p = 0.011), unsatisfactory diet (p = 0.013), irritability with people (p = 0.005), and life in general (p = 0.004). The most common complications were matrix activation/renewal (n = 34). BOD showed a significantly higher incidence of attachment loosening (p = 0.002), and teeth fracture (p = 0.049) than LOD. LOD showed a significantly higher incidence of attachment wear and replacement than BOD (p <0.001). There was no difference between groups regarding soft tissue complications.ConclusionWithin the limitations of this study, and in terms of improved patient‐centered outcomes, angled locator attachments are recommended to retain maxillary implant overdentures opposed by implant retained mandibular overdentures at it was associated with increased patient satisfaction and oral health‐related quality of life than angled ball attachments. However, locator attachment was associated with more postinsertion prosthodontic maintenance than ball attachment.
Eradication of FIX inhibitor in haemophilia B children using low‐dose immune tolerance induction with rituximab‐based immunosuppressive agent(s) in China
Authors: Li Zekun , Liu Guoqing , Yao Wanru , Chen Zhenping , Li Gang , Cheng Xiaoling , Zhen Yingzi , Ai Di , Huang Kun , Sun Jie , Poon Man‐Chiu , Wu Runhui 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionDevelopment of haemophilia B inhibitors (HBI) results in the ineffectiveness of FIX replacement therapy. Inhibitor eradication by immune tolerance induction (ITI) is therefore necessary. In HBI, ITI even at high FIX dose is less effective and has a higher risk of severe complications.AimTo characterize clinical features and outcome of ITI on HBI.MethodsThis retrospective study was conducted in Haemophilia Paediatric Comprehensive Care Centre of China. We used low‐dose ITI (25–50 FIX IU/kg/three‐times‐weekly to every‐other‐day) with domestic prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC), combined with two successive immunosuppressive (IS) regimens.ResultsSixteen HBI children, representing 5.7% of all and 14.4% of our severe registered HB patients, were enroled. Seven cases reported allergic reactions (ARs) proximal to inhibitor development. The historic peak inhibitor titre was median 54.2 (range 4.7–512) BU, and 15 (93.8%) had high‐titre inhibitors. Twelve patients adherent to ITI were analysable. Of the nine ITI patients who received rituximab/prednisone (IS Regimen‐1), four achieved tolerization in 1.4–43.3 months. Two subsequently relapsed but re‐tolerized after a second course of IS Regimen‐1. During ITI, the median treated bleed was .39/month (82.7% reduction from before ITI), and the incidence of AR and nephrotic syndrome (NS) complications was each at 22% (2/9). Three ITI patients received modified ‘Beutel’ protocol (IS Regimen‐2) using multiple‐IS‐drugs, and two had rapid tolerization (.8 and 1.8 months).ConclusionsInhibitor eradication could be achieved by low‐dose ITI protocol using PCC combined with IS. Larger studies are needed to confirm if ITI with IS Regimen‐2 is more effective with less complications.
Characteristics of herpes zoster infection in patients with COVID‐19: a systematic scoping review
Authors: Czech Torrey , Nishimura Yoshito 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlthough there is literature reporting correlations between varicella zoster virus (VZV) infections and COVID‐19, insufficient evidence exists in this regard. This scoping review aims to identify the existing evidence regarding clinical characteristics of primary VZV infection or reactivation in COVID‐19.MethodsFollowing the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews, MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched for all peer‐reviewed articles with relevant keywords including “Zoster,” “Herpes,” and “COVID‐19” from their inception to November 20, 2021.ResultsA total of 19 articles with three observational studies and 16 case reports or series were included. Primary VZV infections or reactivation were observed in 25 patients. Forty‐eight percent of the patients had disseminated VZV infection. The median time of VZV‐related rash after the onset of respiratory symptoms was 7.0 days (interquartile range: 0–18.8). Those with COVID‐19 and primary VZV infection or reactivation had low lymphocyte counts with a median of 0.67 × 103/μl.ConclusionThis scoping review identified uncertainty and a lack of strong evidence to see the association between primary VZV infection or reactivation and COVID‐19. However, those with COVID‐19 may be more likely to have disseminated VZV, which poses an additional challenge from an infection prevention standpoint. Future studies are warranted to determine the association between primary VZV infection or reactivation and long‐term consequences related to COVID‐19.
Clarification of large-volume bacterial cultures using a centrifuge-free protocol
Authors: Allahghadry Toloe , Bojesen Anders Miki , Whitehead Bradley Joseph , Antenucci Fabio 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Aims
To provide a reliable, reproducible and centrifuge-free filtration protocol for clarification of large volumes of bacterial cultures.

Methods and Results
Four experiments were designed to compare different techniques enabling clarification of Escherichia coli cultures using as a benchmark the concentration and quality of bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). The experiments were designed to examine the performance of different extraction methods on large volume (≥1 L) filtrations of bacterial culture media. Performance parameters included filtration flow rates, sterility testing and characterization of the filtrates by: (i) SDS-PAGE, (ii) cryogenic transmission electron microscopy, (iii) nanoparticle tracking analysis and (iv) Qubit protein quantification. The experiments revealed that: (i) addition of the filter aid Diatomaceous Earth to the bacterial cultures improved filtration flow rates significantly and eliminated the need for centrifugation prior to filtration; (ii) sterile filtration was successful as no bacterial passage was identified through the membrane filter; (iii) centrifuge-free filtrates contained an increased amount of OMVs compared to centrifuged filtrates.

Conclusions
In comparison to conventional centrifuge-based protocols, the clarification method presented has universal applicability for a broad range of microbial extraction procedures, regardless of the volume of culture harvested. Moreover, the decreased amount of OMVs presented in the filtrates following centrifugation step provides an additional argument in favour of a centrifuge-free approach.

Significance and Impact of the Study
Sterile filtration is a universal method for the clarification of bacterial cultures. Common challenges related to filtration include filter clogging and long processing times, due to limited centrifugation capacity, which can affect product quality. The proposed protocol is likely to ensure a highly effective filtration process and could be a novel approach in improving the filtrate products without the need of centrifugation.
Incidence of biofilm formation among MRSA and MSSA clinical isolates from hospitalized patients in Israel
Authors: Leshem Tamar , Schnall Bat-Shachar , Azrad Maya , Baum Motti , Rokney Assaf , Peretz Avi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Aim
To assess the biofilm-producing capacities of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from hospitalized patients in Israel.

Methods and Results
A total of 16 S. aureus (80 MRSA and 83 MSSA) from screening (nasal swab) and clinical samples (blood and wounds) were characterized. Biofilm-producing capacities were determined using two different biofilm detection assays: Congo Red agar (CRA) and microtiter plate (MtP). In addition, a real-time PCR analysis was performed to detect the presence of biofilm-associated genes (icaA and icaD) and mecA gene. The two assays showed similar biofilm production pattern (28.2% agreement). MRSA strains tended to be greater biofilm-producers than MSSA strains. The presence of mecA was associated with biofilm production (p = 0.030). Additionally, bacteria isolated from blood samples produced less biofilm compared to those from other sources. Finally, no association was found between icaA and icaD presence and biofilm production.

Conclusion
This study supports earlier assumptions that biofilm formation depends strongly on environmental conditions.

Significance and Impact of Study
This study significantly improved our knowledge on the biofilm production capacity of S. aureus strains in Israel. Moreover, it revealed an association between the mecA gene and biofilm production. Finally, this study underscores the importance of further research to evaluate risk factors for biofilm production.
Enabling open‐ended questions in team‐based learning using automated marking: Impact on student achievement, learning and engagement
Authors: Tan Sophia Huey Shan , Thibault Guillaume , Chew Anna Chia Yin , Rajalingam Preman 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundDifferent types of assessments influence learning and learning behaviour. Multiple‐choice questions (MCQs) reward partial knowledge and encourage surface learning, while open‐ended questions (OEQs) promote deeper learning. Currently, MCQs is part of team‐based learning (TBL) curriculum, and it is challenging to implement OEQs as immediate feedback is necessary.ObjectivesWe asked if MCQ and OEQs affect student achievement, student learning and student engagement differently in a TBL classroom.MethodsMCQs and OEQs test scores of N = 66 students were automatically captured in Learning Activity Management System (LAMS) and were compared using a switching replications quasi‐experimental design with pre‐ and post‐tests to answer the research questions. Student learning approaches and engagement in the team activities were assessed using the study process questionnaire and the structure of observed learning outcomes taxonomy respectively.Results and ConclusionsStudents get significantly higher MCQ scores than OEQs for the same set of questions, but the reverse is true for application exercises (AEs), which focus on higher‐level application. Most students significantly deepened their learning approaches before OEQs, while poorly prepared students were less engaged during OEQ discussions. Interestingly students subjected to OEQs took less time and scored higher in AE discussions, suggesting better focus on higher‐level thinking.ImplicationsThis project is significant as it bridges our understanding of the value of OEQs and TBL. Our approach is transferable to other courses, and thus it can improve the quality of teaching and learning in tertiary education.
Penicillin allergySHACK: Survey of hospital and community knowledge
Authors: Collins Katherine , Rueter Kristina , Lucas Michaela , Sommerfield David , Sommerfield Aine , Khan Nazim , von Ungern‐Sternberg Britta S 
Published: May 2022

AimPenicillin allergy accounts for the majority of all reported adverse drug reactions in adults and children. Foregoing first‐line antibiotic therapy due to penicillin allergy label is associated with an increased prevalence of infections by resistant organisms and longer hospitalisation. Clinician awareness of allergy assessment, referral indications, management of allergy and anaphylaxis is therefore vital but globally lacking. We aim to assess the knowledge of penicillin allergy, assessment and management in Western Australian health professionals.MethodsAn anonymous survey was distributed to pharmacists, nurses and physicians within Western Australian paediatric and adult Hospitals, Community and General Practice.ResultsIn total, 487/611 were completed and included in the statistical analysis. Only 62% (301/487) of respondents routinely assessed for patient medication allergies. Of those who assessed allergy, 9% (28/301) of respondents met the Australian standards for allergy assessment. Only 22% (106/487) of participants correctly cited all indications for management with adrenaline in anaphylaxis to antibiotics and 67% (197/292) of physicians rarely or never referred to an allergy service. Paediatric clinicians had an increased understanding of allergy assessment and anaphylaxis management. Recent penicillin allergy education within a 5‐year period led to significant improvements in allergy knowledge.ConclusionOverall, knowledge, assessment and management of penicillin allergies among practitioners in Western Australia are currently inadequate in adults and paediatric clinicians to provide safe and effective clinical care. The implementation of a targeted education program for WA health professionals is urgently required and is expected to improve clinician knowledge and aid standardised penicillin assessment (de‐labelling) practices.
Relating person‐centredness to quality‐of‐life assessments and patient‐reported outcomes in healthcare: A critical theoretical discussion
Authors: Andersson Viktor , Sawatzky Richard , Öhlén Joakim 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEngagement with the historical and theoretical underpinnings of measuring quality of life (QoL) and patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) in healthcare is important. Ideas and values that shape such practices—and in the endgame, people's lives—might otherwise remain unexamined, be taken for granted or even essentialized. Our aim is to explicate and theoretically discuss the philosophical tenets underlying the practices of QoL assessment and PRO measurement in relation to the notion of person‐centredness. First, we engage with the late‐modern history of the concept of QoL and the act of assessing and measuring it. Working with the historical method of genealogy, we describe the development of both QoL assessments and PRO measures (PROMs) within healthcare by accounting for the contextual conditions for their possibility. In this way, the historical and philosophical underpinnings of these measurement practices are highlighted. We move on to analyse theoretical and philosophical underpinnings regarding the use of PROMs and QoL assessments in clinical practice, as demonstrated in review studies thereof. Finally, we offer a critical analysis regarding the state of theory in the literature and conclude that, although improved person‐centredness is an implied driver of QoL assessments and PROMs in clinical practice, enhanced theoretical underpinning of the development of QoL assessments is called for.
Numerical Simulation and Experimental Investigation of the Fixed Bed Gasification of Char With Focus on Pore Diffusion
Authors: Schwarz Robert , Gräbner Martin , Spliethoff Hartmut 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Accurate modeling of the reaction rate of char particles is decisive for precise computational fluid dynamics simulations of gasifiers. Pore diffusion limits the reaction rate at medium temperatures and strongly depends on the pore size. In most of the present research, pore diffusion is either completely neglected or modeled with a single mean pore size. This work introduces a particle model with two pore sizes. Large pores transport the reactant gases into the particle and distribute them to small pores, in which the heterogeneous reactions take place. This approach is compared with a simpler model with a single mean pore size. The particle and the small pores are discretized by an appropriate number of elements, which allows an exact numerical calculation of the concentration profile for nth-order reactions. Both models are implemented into a two-dimensional computational fluid dynamics simulation of a lab-scale fixed bed gasifier. Simulations and experiments are carried out for 1.362 mm, 0.815 mm, and 0.458 mm sized particles, which are gasified with carbon dioxide and steam at 1200 °C and 1.1 bar total pressure. The reactant gases can penetrate smaller particles more easily. However, the measured product gas flow is independent of the particle size although the reactions take place under pore diffusion limitation. Only the proposed model with two pore sizes is able to reproduce the experiments adequately. However, it causes a significant extra computational effort.
Experimental and Numerical Investigation to Assess the Performance of Helical Bach Vertical Axis Wind Turbine at Low Wind Velocity Conditions
Authors: Thomai Micha Premkumar , Sivamani Seralathan , Venkatesan Hariram 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Many turbine models have been evolved to ameliorate the functioning of the small wind energy system. The newly developed helical Bach-type vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) is used in this analysis with an idea to improve the overall performance. The shape of the conventional Bach-type vertical axis wind turbine is a modified form of a Savonius model which has both circular and straight portions to the blade profile. The simple Bach model has a maximum coefficient of performance corresponding to the blade arc angle of 45 deg and 225 deg. However, it consists of negative torque at the rotational angles of about 120–180 deg and 300–360 deg. Moreover, in the newly developed helical Bach, rotors can reduce the variation in torque in the rotational cycle; thereby, uniform torque is achieved in all angular position with improved performance. In this paper, experiments were conducted in the natural wind at Wind Turbine Research Station, Kayathar, Tamil Nadu, India. In addition to experimental work, the three-dimensional steady-state numerical investigations have been performed in the helical Bach vertical axis wind turbine. It is found that the numerical results are well matched with the experimental data. Based on the above computational study, it is found that helical Bach models have an increase in overall performance compared to the conventional Bach models and helical Savonius model.
Development of Surgical Instruments for Robot- Assisted Biportal Endoscopic Spine Surgery(Bess)
Authors: Karakoyun Armanc , Seo Hyeonseok , Han HyungTaeg , Kim Chunwoo 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Robots are being widely used for minimally invasive surgery in various specialties. However, for minimally invasive spine surgery, the application of the robots has been limited to guidance of instrument placement. In this paper, as a part of the development of a tele-operated surgical robot for biportal endoscopic spine surgery, we present the development of robotized instruments for tissue removal. Surgical punch, pituitary and shaver, the instruments most widely used for bone and tendon removal in spine surgery, is modified for the surgical robot. Spine bone-breaking experiments have been conducted for the identification of design parameters and the resulting designs have been reported. Additionally, a prototype has been manufactured for each instrument.