bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indigenous Youth and Resilience in Canada and the USA: a Scoping Review
Authors: Heid Olivia , Khalid Marria , Smith Hailey , Kim Katherine , Smith Savannah , Wekerle Christine ,   The Six Nations Youth Mental Wellness Committee, Bomberry Tristan , Hill Lori Davis , General Daogyehneh Amy , Green Tehota’kerá:tonh Jeremy , Harris Chase , Jacobs Beverly , Jacobs Norma , Kim Katherine , Horse Makasa Looking , Martin-Hill Dawn , McQueen Kahontiyoha Cynthia Denise , Miller Tehahenteh Frank , Noronha Noella , Smith Savanah , Thomasen Kristen , Wekerle Christine 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRelative to non-Indigenous youth, Indigenous youth have been under-represented when studying pathways to mental wellness. Yet, a broad range of adversity is acknowledged, from intergenerational and ongoing trauma arising from colonial policies. This scoping review explores resilience definitions, measures, key stressors, and what Indigenous youth identify as pathways to their wellness, based on quantitative and qualitative peer-reviewed literature in Canada and the Continental United States. Eight databases (EBSCO, PsycINFO, Science Direct, Social Science Citation Index, Web of Science, PsycARTICLES, and EMBASE) and hand searches of 7 relevant journals were conducted to ensure literature coverage. Two independent reviewers screened each article, with one Indigenous screener per article. The final scoping review analysis included 44 articles. In articles, no Indigenous term for resilience was found, but related concepts were identified (“walking a good path,” “good mind,” Grandfathers’ teachings on 7 values, decision-making for 7 generations into the future, etc.). Few Indigenous-specific measures of resilience exist, with studies relying on Western measures of psychological resilience. Qualitative approaches supporting youth-led resilience definitions yielded important insights. Youth stressors included the following: substance use, family instability, and loss of cultural identity. Youth resilience strategies included the following: having a future orientation, cultural pride, learning from the natural world, and interacting with community members (e.g., relationship with Elders, being in community and on the land). Indigenous traditional knowledge and cultural continuity serve as prominent pathways to Indigenous youth resilience. More research is needed to yield a holistic, youth-centered measure of resilience that includes traditional practices.
Pediatric Blast Trauma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Factors Associated with Mortality and Description of Injury Profiles
Authors: Tovar Matthew A. , Pilkington Rebecca A. , Goodwin Tress , Root Jeremy M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroduction:Blast polytrauma is among the most serious mechanisms of injury confronted by medical providers. There are currently no specific studies or guidelines that define risk factors for mortality in the context of pediatric blast injuries or describe pediatric blast injury profiles.Objective:The objectives of this study were to evaluate risk factors for pediatric mortality and to describe differences in injury profiles between explosions related to terrorism versus unrelated to terrorism within the pediatric population.Methods:A PRISMA systematic review and meta-analysis was performed where articles published from the years 2000-2021 were extracted from PubMed. Mortality and injury profile data were extracted from articles that met inclusion criteria. A bivariant unadjusted odds ratio (OR) analysis was performed to establish protective and harmful factors associated with mortality and to describe the injury profiles of blasts related to terrorism. Statistical significance was established at P < .05.Results:Thirty-eight articles were included and described a total of 222,638 unique injuries. Factors associated with increased mortality included if the explosion was related to terrorism (OR = 32.73; 95% CI, 28.80-37.21; P < .05) and if the explosion involved high-grade explosives utilized in the Global War on Terror ([GWOT] OR = 1.28; 95% CI, 1.04-1.44; P < .05). Factors associated with decreased mortality included if the patient was resuscitated in a North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)-affiliated combat trauma hospital (OR = 0.48; 95% CI, 0.37-0.62; P < .05); if the explosive was fireworks (OR = 3.20×10-5; 95% CI, 2.00×10-6-5.16×10-4; P < .05); and if the explosion occurred in the United States (OR = 2.40×10-5; 95% CI, 1.51×10-6-3.87×10-4; P < .05). On average, victims of explosions related to terrorism were 10.30 years old (SD = 2.73) with 68.96% (SD = 17.58%) of victims reported as male. Comparison of victims of explosions related to terrorism revealed a higher incidence of thoracoabdominal trauma (30.2% versus 8.6%), similar incidence of craniocerebral trauma (39.5% versus 43.1%), and lower incidence of extremity trauma (31.8% versus 48.3%) compared to victims of explosions unrelated to terrorism.Conclusion:Explosions related to terrorism are associated with increased mortality and unique injury profiles compared to explosions unrelated to terrorism in the pediatric population. Such findings are important for optimizing disaster medical education of pediatric providers in preparation for and management of acute sequelae of blast injuries—terror-related and otherwise.
The Rise of Atmospheric Evaporative Demand Is Increasing Flash Droughts in Spain During the Warm Season
Authors: Noguera I. , Vicente‐Serrano S. M. , Domínguez‐Castro F. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFlash droughts are characterized by rapid development and intensification, generating a new risk for drought impacts on natural and socio‐economic systems. In the current climate change scenario, the meteorological drivers involved in triggering flash droughts are uncertain. We analyzed the role of meteorological drivers underlying the development of flash droughts in Spain over the last six decades, evidencing that the effect of atmospheric evaporative demand (AED) on flash drought is mainly restricted to water‐limited regions and the warm season. However, the contribution of the AED has increased notably in recent years and particularly in summer (∼3.5% per decade), thus becoming a decisive driver in explaining the occurrence of the latest flash droughts in some regions of Spain. Our findings have strong implications for proper understanding of the recent spatiotemporal behavior of flash droughts in Spain and illustrate how this type of event can be related to global warming processes.
New Insights Into the Substorm Initiation Sequence From the Spatio‐Temporal Development of Auroral Electrojets
Authors: Ohtani S. , Motoba T. , Gjerloev J. W. , Frey H. U. , Mann I. R. , Chi P. J. , Korth H. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn the present study we examine three substorm events, Events 1–3, focusing on the spatio‐temporal development of auroral electrojets (AEJs) before auroral breakup. In Events 1 and 2, auroral breakup was preceded by the equatorward motion of an auroral form, and the ground magnetic field changed northward and southward in the west and east of the expected equatorward flow, respectively. Provided that these magnetic disturbances were caused by local ionospheric Hall currents, this feature suggests that the equatorward flow turned both eastward and westward as it reached the equatorward part of the auroral oval. The auroral breakup took place at the eastward‐turning and westward‐turning branches in Events 1 and 2, respectively, and after the auroral breakup, the westward AEJ enhanced only on the same side of the flow demarcation meridian. The zonal flow divergence is considered as an ionospheric manifestation of the braking of an earthward flow burst in the near‐Earth plasma sheet and subsequent dawnward and duskward turning. Therefore, in Events 1 and 2, the auroral breakup presumably mapped to the dawnward and duskward flow branches, respectively. Moreover, for Event 3, we do not find any pre‐onset auroral or magnetic features that can be associated with an equatorward flow. These findings suggest that the braking of a pre‐onset earthward flow burst itself is not the direct cause of substorm onset, and therefore, the wedge current system that forms at substorm onset is distinct from the one that is considered to form as a consequence of the flow braking.
Role of Cloud Subgrid‐Scale Structure in Modulating Clouds Viewed by ISCCP, MODIS, and MISR Simulators
Authors: Wang Xiaocong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe role of cloud subgrid‐scale structure in modulating satellite views of clouds was investigated. This was realized by implementing a stochastic cloud generator into the CFMIP (Cloud Feedback Model Intercomparison Project) Observation Simulator Package together with surrogate clouds produced by a cloud‐resolving model (CRM). The subgrid‐scale structural parameters are decorrelation length for overlapping cloud fraction (Lcf), decorrelation length for overlapping cloud condensate (Lcw), and the shape parameter v for measuring cloud inhomogeneity. With the use of median values of Lcf, Lcw, and v derived from CRM, the simulated satellite views bear close resemblance to those using CRM‐inherent clouds. Varying these parameters in the range of lower and upper quartiles leads to differences that are about one‐fifth of those caused by changing cloud microphysics in CRM. While Lcf influences clouds throughout the whole troposphere, Lcw and v result in changes mostly within the upper layers. Increasing (decreasing) cloud inhomogeneity or overlapping degree leads to decreased (increased) occurrence of clouds, except for high‐topped clouds viewed by Multiangle Imaging Spectroradiometer. Care must then be exercised when interpreting model biases in comparison with different instruments. Sensitivity tests show changing condensate distribution from gamma to lognormal makes little impact on final results. Although the differences induced by any of the parameters alone are much limited, they are getting comparable to those seen between models and observations when all parameters are synergistically altered. This brings encouraging results to the modeling community that simulator‐diagnosed clouds can be potentially improved by tuning cloud subgrid‐scale parameters.
Subseasonal Forecast Skill Improvement From Strongly Coupled Data Assimilation With a Linear Inverse Model
Authors: Hakim Gregory J. , Snyder Chris , Penny Stephen G. , Newman Matthew 
Published: May 2022

AbstractStrongly coupled data assimilation (SCDA), such as using atmospheric observations to update ocean analyses, is critical for properly initializing Earth System models to predict subseasonal to decadal timescales. We show that a Kalman filter with a linear emulator of the coupled dynamics can be used to efficiently assimilate observations with SCDA. A linear inverse model (LIM), trained on 25 years of Climate Forecast System Reanalysis gridded data, is used to assimilate observations daily during an independent 7‐year period. SCDA sea‐surface temperature (SST) analysis errors are reduced over 20% in global‐mean mean‐squared error relative to a control experiment where only SST observations are assimilated with an SST LIM. The analysis improvements enhance forecast skill for leads of at least 50 days. In contrast, extratropical Northern Hemisphere 2 m air temperature forecast errors increase for coupled data assimilation in these experiments, despite reduction during the training period.
Climate Impacts and Potential Drivers of the Unprecedented Antarctic Ozone Holes of 2020 and 2021
Authors: Yook Simchan , Thompson David W. J. , Solomon Susan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe latter months of 2020 and 2021 were marked by two of the largest Antarctic ozone holes on record. That such large ozone holes occurred despite ongoing ozone recovery raises questions about their origins and climate impacts. Here we provide novel evidence that supports the hypothesis that the ozone holes were influenced by two distinct and extraordinary events: the Australian wildfires of early 2020 and the eruption of La Soufriere in 2021. We further reveal that both ozone holes were associated with widespread changes in Southern Hemisphere climate that are consistent with the established climate impacts of Antarctic ozone depletion, including a strengthening of the polar stratospheric vortex, enhanced surface westerlies over the Southern Ocean, and surface temperature changes over Antarctica and Australia. The results thus provide suggestive evidence that injections of both wildfire smoke and volcanic emissions into the stratosphere can lead to hemispheric‐scale changes in surface climate.
Overestimated Eddy Kinetic Energy in the Eddy‐Rich Regions Simulated by Eddy‐Resolving Global Ocean–Sea Ice Models
Authors: Ding Mengrong , Liu Hailong , Lin Pengfei , Hu Aixue , Meng Yao , Li Yiwen , Liu Kexiu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe performance of eddy‐resolving global ocean–sea ice models in simulating mesoscale eddies is evaluated using six eddy‐resolving experiments forced by different atmospheric reanalysis products. Interestingly, eddy‐resolving ocean general circulation models (OGCMs) tend to simulate more (less) energetic eddy‐rich (eddy‐poor) regions with a smaller (larger) spatial extent than satellite observation, which finally shows that larger (smaller) mesoscale energy intensity (EI) is simulated in the eddy‐rich (eddy‐poor) regions. Quantitatively, there is an approximately 27%–60% overestimation of EI in the eddy‐rich regions, which are mainly located in the Kuroshio–Oyashio Extension, the Gulf Stream, and the Antarctic Circumpolar Currents regions, although the global mean EI is underestimated by 25%–45%. Apparently, the eddy kinetic energy in the eddy‐poor region is underestimated. Further analyses based on coherent mesoscale eddy properties show that the overestimation in the eddy‐rich regions is mainly attributed to mesoscale eddies’ intensity and is more prominent when mesoscale eddies are in their growth stage.
A Deep Learning Approach to Extract Internal Tides Scattered by Geostrophic Turbulence
Authors: Wang Han , Grisouard Nicolas , Salehipour Hesam , Nuz Alice , Poon Michael , Ponte Aurélien L. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractExtraction of internal tidal (IT) signals is central to the interpretation of Sea Surface Height (SSH) data. The increased spatial resolution of future wide‐swath satellite missions poses a challenge for traditional harmonic analysis, due to prominent and unsteady wave‐mean interactions at finer scales. However, the wide swaths will also produce spatially two‐dimensional SSH snapshots which allows us to treat IT extraction as an image translation problem for the first time. We design and train TITE (Toronto Internal Tide Emulator), a conditional Generative Adversarial Network, which, given a snapshot of raw SSH from an idealized eddying simulation, generates a snapshot of the embedded IT component. We test it on data whose dynamical regimes are different from the data provided during training. Despite the diversity and complexity of data, it accurately extracts ITs in most individual snapshots considered and reproduces physically meaningful statistical properties. Predictably, TITE's performance decreases with the intensity of the turbulent flow.
Understanding the Role of Biogenic Magnetite in Geomagnetic Paleointensity Recording: Insights From Ontong Java Plateau Sediments
Authors: Li Jiaxi , Yamazaki Toshitsugu , Usui Yoichi , Sagawa Takuya , Kubota Yoshimi , Kuroda Junichiro 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMarine sediments can preserve continuous paleomagnetic intensity records. Different magnetic minerals may acquire remanent magnetizations differently, so that compositional variations of magnetic mineral assemblages in sediments may hinder extraction of reliable relative paleointensity (RPI) records. To better understand this issue, we conducted a paleo‐ and rock magnetic study of a sediment core from the Ontong Java Plateau, western equatorial Pacific Ocean. RPI estimated by normalizing natural remanent magnetization (NRM) with anhysteretic remanent magnetization (ARM) decreases downcore with an inverse correlation with the ratio of ARM susceptibility to saturation isothermal remanent magnetization. This relationship indicates that the RPI signal weakens as the proportion of biogenic magnetite increases. The NRM–ARM demagnetization diagrams obtained have concave‐down curvature. These observations indicate that the RPI recording efficiency of the biogenic component is lower than that of the terrigenous component if we assume that the magnetizations of the high‐ and low‐coercivity windows are carried dominantly by biogenic and terrigenous components, respectively. This assumption is supported by first‐order reversal curve measurements, transmission electron microscope observations, low‐temperature measurements, and extraction of silicate‐hosted magnetic inclusions from the sediments. Previous studies have suggested that the RPI recording efficiency of biogenic magnetite is higher than that of the terrigenous component, which disagrees with our results. Different concentrations of silicate‐hosted magnetic inclusions in different sedimentary environments might explain this contradiction. We conclude that biogenic magnetite contributes to RPI records with lower efficiency than unprotected terrigenous magnetic minerals in the studied sediments. Changing biogenic magnetite proportions distort ARM‐normalized RPI estimations.
Effectiveness of biomaterial-based combination strategies for spinal cord repair – a systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical literature
Authors: Guijarro-Belmar Alba , Varone Anna , Baltzer Martin Rugema , Kataria Saurav , Tanriver-Ayder Ezgi , Watzlawick Ralf , Sena Emily , Cunningham Catriona J. , Rajnicek Ann M. , Macleod Malcolm , Huang Wenlong , Currie Gillian L. , McCann Sarah K. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Study design
Systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical literature.

Objectives
To assess the effects of biomaterial-based combination (BMC) strategies for the treatment of Spinal Cord Injury (SCI), the effects of individual biomaterials in the context of BMC strategies, and the factors influencing their efficacy. To assess the effects of different preclinical testing paradigms in BMC strategies.

Methods
We performed a systematic literature search of Embase, Web of Science and PubMed. All controlled preclinical studies describing an in vivo or in vitro model of SCI that tested a biomaterial in combination with at least one other regenerative strategy (cells, drugs, or both) were included. Two review authors conducted the study selection independently, extracted study characteristics independently and assessed study quality using a modified CAMARADES checklist. Effect size measures were combined using random-effects models and heterogeneity was explored using meta-regression with tau2, I2 and R2 statistics. We tested for small-study effects using funnel plot–based methods.

Results
134 publications were included, testing over 100 different BMC strategies. Overall, treatment with BMC therapies improved locomotor recovery by 25.3% (95% CI, 20.3–30.3; n = 102) and in vivo axonal regeneration by 1.6 SD (95% CI 1.2–2 SD; n = 117) in comparison with injury only controls.

Conclusion
BMC strategies improve locomotor outcomes after experimental SCI. Our comprehensive study highlights gaps in current knowledge and provides a foundation for the design of future experiments.
FASN promotes lymph node metastasis in cervical cancer via cholesterol reprogramming and lymphangiogenesis
Authors: Du Qiqiao , Liu Pan , Zhang Chunyu , Liu Tianyu , Wang Wei , Shang Chunliang , Wu Jieyu , Liao Yuandong , Chen Yili , Huang Jiaming , Tan Hao , Zhao Yunhe , Xia Meng , Liu Junxiu , Yao Shuzhong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCervical cancer (CC) patients with lymph node metastasis (LNM) have a poor prognosis. Clarification of the detailed mechanisms underlying LNM may provide potential clinical therapeutic targets for CC patients with LNM. However, the molecular mechanism of LNM in CC is unclear. In the present study, we demonstrated that fatty acid synthase (FASN), one of the key enzymes in lipid metabolism, had upregulated expression in the CC samples and was correlated with LNM. Moreover, multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis identified FASN as an independent prognostic factor of CC patients. Furthermore, gain-of-function and loss-of-function approaches showed that FASN promoted CC cell migration, invasion, and lymphangiogenesis. Mechanistically, on the one hand, FASN could regulate cholesterol reprogramming and then activate the lipid raft-related c-Src/AKT/FAK signaling pathway, leading to enhanced cell migration and invasion. On the other hand, FASN induced lymphangiogenesis by secreting PDGF-AA/IGFBP3. More importantly, knockdown of FASN with FASN shRNA or the inhibitors C75 and Cerulenin dramatically diminished LNM in vivo, suggesting that FASN plays an essential role in LNM of CC and the clinical application potential of FASN inhibitors. Taken together, our findings uncover a novel molecular mechanism in LNM of CC and identify FASN as a novel prognostic factor and potential therapeutic target for LNM in CC.
Integrin α3/α6 and αV are implicated in ADAM15-activated FAK and EGFR signalling pathway individually and promote non-small-cell lung cancer progression
Authors: Zhou Jieqi , Wang Anqi , Cai Tingting , Li Yue , Du Wenwen , Zhang Yang , Zhang Ruochen , Zhang Weijie , Zhu Jianjie , Zeng Yuanyuan , Huang Jian-an , Liu Zeyi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDisintegrin-metalloproteinase 15(ADAM15), a member of disintegrin metalloproteinases (ADAMs), plays important roles in various cancer types. However, the underlying ADAM15 functioning in lung cancer is still unclear. In the present study, we find that ADAM15 regulates the epidermal growth factor receptor/focal adhesion kinase (EGFR/FAK) signalling pathway by interactions with integrins. Integrin αV is involved in ADAM15-mediated FAK signalling. Further, we find that ADAM15 and CD151 were co-expressed, and the presence of ADAM15 affected the integrin α3/α6-related EGFR signalling pathway by cooperating with CD151. In addition, we also prove the effect of ADAM15 on proliferation in nude mice. Finally, we show that ADAM15 is a direct target of miR-204-5p by luciferase reporter assays, qRT-PCR and western blot analyses. Our findings provide molecular and cellular evidence that ADAM15 promotes cell proliferation and metastasis in NSCLC, which might provide a potential target for NSCLC treatment.
m6A methylated EphA2 and VEGFA through IGF2BP2/3 regulation promotes vasculogenic mimicry in colorectal cancer via PI3K/AKT and ERK1/2 signaling
Authors: Liu Xin , He Hongjuan , Zhang Fengwei , Hu Xin , Bi Fanqi , Li Kai , Yu Haoran , Zhao Yue , Teng Xiangqi , Li Jiaqi , Wang Lihong , Zhang Yan , Wu Qiong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractExploring the epigenetic regulation mechanism of colorectal cancer (CRC) from the perspective of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification may provide a new target for tumor therapy. Analysis using high-throughput RNA-seq profile from TCGA found that the gene expression of Methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) was significantly upregulated among 20 m6A binding proteins in CRC, which was also validated in CRC cancer tissues and cell lines. Moreover, transcriptome sequencing in METTL3 knockdown cells using CRISPR/Cas9 editing suggested that EphA2 and VEGFA were differential expression, which were enriched in the vasculature development, PI3K/AKT and ERK1/2 signal pathway through the functional enrichment analysis. The results in vitro revealed that METTL3 as the m6A “writers” participates the methylation of EphA2 and VEGFA, which were recognized by the m6A “readers”, insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 2/3 (IGF2BP2/3), to prevent their mRNA degradation. In addition, EphA2 and VEGFA targeted by METTL3 via different IGF2BP-dependent mechanisms were found to promote vasculogenic mimicry (VM) formation via PI3K/AKT/mTOR and ERK1/2 signaling in CRC. The study suggests that intervention with m6A-binding proteins (METTL3 and IGF2BP2/3) may provide a potential diagnostic or prognostic target of VM-based anti-metastasis drugs for CRC.