bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Survival trends for patients with retinoblastoma between 2000 and 2018: What has changed?
Authors: Abdelazeem Basel , Abbas Kirellos Said , Shehata Joseph , El‐Shahat Nahla Ahmed , Eltaras Mennatullah Mohamed , Qaddoumi Ibrahim , Alfaar Ahmad Samir 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroductionRetinoblastoma (RB) is the most common primary intraocular cancer of childhood. Over the last few decades, a variety of techniques and treatment modalities emerged that improved the survival and ocular salvage rate of patients with RB. We investigated the relative survival trends of patients with RB from 2000 to 2018 by using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database.DesignRetrospective database review.MethodsWe extracted data from SEER 18 from 2000 to 2018. All patients with clinically diagnosed RB during the study period were included. We utilized SEER*Stat 8.3.9 and JPSurv software to estimate relative 5‐ and 10‐year survival rates and trends and generated descriptive analyses with IBM SPSS.Main Outcome MeasuresPatient survival rates at 5‐ and 10‐year after RB diagnosis.ResultsRB was diagnosed in 1479 patients within the SEER 18 Program during our study period. The cohort comprised 776 (52.5%) males, 615 (41.6%) non‐Hispanic whites, 487(32.9%) Hispanics, 1030 (69.6%) patients with unilateral disease, and 1087 (73.5%) patients with localized disease. Relative survival trends at 5‐ and 10‐year significantly declined over the study periods (−0.42%, and −0.50% annually, respectively) but the decline was not significant in unilateral and bilateral RB cases separately.ConclusionsFive‐ and ten‐year relative survival trends declined from 2000 to 2018 and were significantly decreasing. Further studies that include more patients are needed to identify the factors contributing to reduced survival of patients with RB over time.
Screening of potential microbial markers for lung cancer using metagenomic sequencing
Authors: Chen Qiang , Hou Kai , Tang Mingze , Ying Shuo , Zhao Xiaoyun , Li Guanhua , Pan Jianhui , He Xiaomin , Xia Han , Li Yuechuan , Lou Zheng , Zhang Li 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroductionLung cancer is the most prevalent cancer with high mortality in China, and it is associated with the dysbiosis of the lung microbiome. This study attempted to screen for specific microorganisms as potential biomarkers for distinguishing benign lung disease from lung cancer.MethodsBronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) sample was selected in the study instead of saliva to avoid contamination with oral microorganisms, and microbial taxonomic and functional differences in BALF samples from patients with lung cancer and those with those from patients with benign lung diseases were performed based on metagenomic next‐generation sequencing, for the first time, so that microorganisms other than bacteria could be included.ResultsThe results showed that the intrasample diversity of malignant samples was different from benign samples, and the microbial differences among malignant samples were smaller, with lower microbial diversity, significantly changed microbial abundance and metabolic functions. Metabolic function analysis revealed amino acid‐related metabolism was more prevalent in benign samples, whereas carbohydrate‐related metabolism was more prevalent in malignant samples. By LEfSe, Metastat and Random Forest analysis, we identified a series of important differential microorganisms. Importantly, the model combining five key genera plus one tumor marker (neuron‐specific enolase) as indicators presented the optimal disease typing performance.ConclusionThus results suggest the value of these differential microorganisms enriched in tumors in mechanism research and may be potential new targets for lung cancer therapy. More importantly, the biomarkers identified in this study can be conducive to improve the clinical diagnosis of lung cancer and have good application prospects.
DKK1 promotes NUAK1 transcriptional expression through the activation Akt in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Yao Chao‐Yan , Gao Zi‐Xuan , Hou Li‐Li , Fang Dong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractNUAK1 is a serine/threonine kinase that has been shown to be associated with poor prognosis in several cancers. Although NUAK1 is frequently overexpressed at the transcript level in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the actual role of NUAK1 and the mechanism of its overexpression in HCC has yet to be reported. In the present study, we found that NUAK1 expression was significantly increased in human HCC tumor tissues. Overexpression of NUAK1 dramatically enhanced HCC cells proliferation and migration in vitro. Stable induction of NUAK1 expression promoted tumor growth and tumor metastases to the lungs in the subcutaneous xenograft models and intravenous metastasis models. At the cellular level, enforced expression of Dickkopf‐1 (DKK1) activated the Akt signaling pathway, thereby promoting the mRNA and protein expression of NUAK1 in HCC cells. By contrast, depletion of DKK1 was found to attenuate the mRNA and protein expression of NUAK1. In the subcutaneous xenograft models, stable induction of DKK1 expression not only accelerated tumor growth but also increased p‐Akt and NUAK1 expression; whereas knockdown of DKK1 inhibited tumor growth, p‐Akt and NUAK1 expression. Furthermore, immunohistochemical analysis of 20 HCC clinical samples showed that the expression level of NUAK1 was positively correlated with DKK1 and p‐Akt. Taken together, we provide the first evidence that DKK1 promotes NUAK1 transcriptional expression via the activation Akt in HCC.
Comparison between the diagnostic performance of vessel fractional flow reserve and nonhyperemic pressure ratio for functionally significant coronary stenosis severity as assessed by fractional flow reserve
Authors: Ikeda Kazumasa , Kobayashi Masatake , Chikamori Taishiro , Yanaka Yohei , Takagi Ryu , Kani Junya , Oshima Outaro , Yamada Satoshi , Hokama Yohei , Tanaka Nobuhiro 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundFractional flow reserve (FFR) and nonhyperemic pressure ratios (NHPRs) have been widely used to assess the functional severity of coronary stenosis. However, their measurement requires using a pressure wire, making their use in all patients difficult. The recently developed vessel fractional flow reserve (vFFR), derived from three‐dimensional quantitative coronary angiography, is expected to serve as a surrogate for pressure wire assessment.MethodsThis retrospective study was conducted on patients with intermediate coronary stenosis who underwent FFR and NHPR measurements. The vFFR and NHPR values were compared for diagnosing coronary stenosis as defined by an FFR of ≤0.80, and the number of patients not requiring wire‐based assessment was estimated.ResultsIn a total of 90 lesions from 74 patients (median [SD] age 75 [12] years; men 80%), the median FFR was 0.78 (0.72–0.84), and 57% of these lesions (N = 51) exhibited an FFR of ≤0.80. vFFR provided high discrimination for coronary stenosis (area under the curve 0.80, 95% confidence interval 0.70–0.90), which was comparable to that of NHPRs (p = 0.42). High diagnostic accuracy was consistently observed across a variety of clinical presentations (i.e., old age, diabetes, target coronary artery, and left ventricular hypertrophy) (pinteraction > 0.05). In total, 55 lesions (61%) demonstrated positive or negative likelihood of coronary stenosis when vFFR was <0.73 (specificity 90%) or >0.87 (sensitivity 88%), respectively.ConclusionvFFR demonstrated excellent diagnostic performance for detecting functionally significant coronary stenosis as evaluated by FFR. vFFR may be used as a surrogate for pressure wire assessment.
CASQ1‐related myopathy: The first report from China and the literature review
Authors: Zhang Kai‐Yue , Zhang Geng‐Jian , Duan Hui‐Qian , Li Qiu‐Xiang , Huang Kun , Xu Li‐Qun , Yang Huan , Luo Yue‐Bei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCalsequestrin 1 (CASQ1) is the most crucial Ca2+ binding protein localized in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of skeletal muscle. With high capacity and low affinity for Ca2+, CASQ1 plays a significant role in maintaining a large amount of Ca2+ necessary for muscle contraction. However, only five mutations in CASQ1 have been identified to date. Here, we report a 42‐year‐old Chinese female patient who presented with a 12 years history of slowly progressive upper limb weakness, predominantly affecting distal muscles, which was uncommon comparing to other CASQ1‐related patients. Next‐generation sequencing (NGS) analysis revealed a novel heterozygous mutation (c.766G > A, p.Val256Met) in CASQ1. Functional studies confirmed the likely pathogenicity of this variant. Muscle histopathology revealed rare optically empty vacuoles in myofibers and atypical eosinophilic granules in the cytoplasm, which has not been observed before. We also performed a literature review on all the pathogenic mutations in CASQ1 and summarized their genetic and clinical characteristics. This is the first report on CASQ1‐related myopathy from China, further expanding the mutation spectrum of CASQ1 gene and provides new insights into the function of CASQ1.
Control in Advanced Biofuels Synthesis via Alcohol Upgrading: Catalyst Selectivity to n‐Butanol, sec‐Butanol or Isobutanol
Authors: Wingad Richard L. , Birch Laurence , Farndon Joshua , Lee Jason , Pellow Katy J. , Wass Duncan F. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRuthenium complexes with tetradentate PNNP donor ligands demonstrate a marked change in selectivity compared to analogous bis bidentate PN complexes in Guerbet catalysis, producing mixtures of n‐butanol (17 %), sec‐butanol (14 %) and ethyl acetate (66 %) rather than the usual 90 %+ selectivity to n‐butanol. Tridentate PNP ruthenium complexes such as [Ru(H)(Cl)(CO)(Ph2PCH2CH2NHCH2CH2PPh2)] also produce sec‐butanol and, in optimized conditions (120 °C, 10 mol% NaOEt base), achieve 71 % selectivity to this butanol isomer. The same tri‐ and tetradentate complexes are efficient catalysts for the conversion of methanol/ethanol mixtures to isobutanol (up to 97 % selectivity). In this way, judicious choice of ligand within this general catalyst family allows selectivity to three butanol isomers of interest as fuel molecules.
Ionic Liquid‐Assisted Electrocatalytic NO Reduction to NH3 by P‐Doped MoS2
Authors: Wei Tianran , Bao Haihong , Wang Xinzhong , Zhang Shusheng , Liu Qian , Luo Jun , Liu Xijun 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAmbient NH3 electrosynthesis from NO reduction reaction (NORR) is attractive in replacing the industrial Haber‐Bosch route; however, the competitive hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in aqueous electrolyte typically induces a limited selectivity and activity toward NH3 production. Herein, hierarchical P‐doped MoS2 nanospheres are developed as the NORR electrocatalyst in an ionic liquid (IL) electrolyte for catalyzing the reduction of NO to NH3 with a maximal Faradaic efficiency of 69 % (−0.6 V vs RHE) and a peak yield rate of 388.3 μg h−1 mgcat.−1 (−0.7 V vs RHE), both of which are comparable to the best‐reported results. Moreover, the catalyst also shows stable NORR activity over 30 h and 6 cycles. Theoretical analyses further reveal that the P dopants in MoS2 facilitate the activation and hydrogenation of NO. Besides, the employment of hydrophobic IL electrolyte also slows down the HER kinetics effectively.
Green Synthesis of Hierarchically Porous Alginate/ZIF‐8 Composite Beads for Water Treatment
Authors: Chen Yingjie , Fan Hao , Cai Gao , Zhu Zhenkun , Shen Tianyu , Zhao Huaixia , He Yiyan , Wang Yangxin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe immobilization of powdery metal‐organic‐frameworks (MOFs) into porous matrix has risen to be a promising approach for their practical applications. This work presents the green synthesis of porous alginate/ZIF‐8 composite beads through the in situ growth of ZIF‐8 in alginate hydrogel beads crosslinked by Zn2+ and subsequent freeze‐drying process, during which only water is used as reaction solvent. The macro‐ and meso‐pores in alginate matrix and micro‐pores in immobilized ZIF‐8 endow the porous composite beads with hierarchically porous structure, which benefits their adsorption properties. Methylene blue (MB) is selected as probe molecule to assess the adsorption performance of the porous composite beads toward water contaminants. It is found that the growth time of ZIF‐8 has a significant influence on the adsorption performance, and the calculated maximum adsorption capacity of ZIF‐8@Alg30 for MB reaches 628.93 mg g−1 at 298 K. Additionally, the adsorption process fits well with the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm model, and the adsorption process is found to be spontaneous, endothermic and irreversible based on thermodynamic studies.
Construction of an Ultra‐High‐Energy Density Hybrid Supercapacitor with Self‐Assembled 3D Hydrangea Flower‐like Mo‐rich CoMoO4 Microstructures
Authors: Rajasekhara Reddy Gutturu , Dhananjaya Merum , Raghupathy Dillip Gowra , Lingareddy Manjunath Gonchigar , Woo Joo Sang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe accumulation of two‐dimensional nanoflake‐like units into three‐dimensional (3D) hierarchical mesoporous flower‐like microstructures can introduce abundant electroactive surface sites and large contact areas with the electrolyte and enable fast ion/electron transport during the electrochemical process. We propose a simple method of constructing a 3D hydrangea flower‐like mesoporous Mo‐rich CoMoO4 (CMO) electrode via the solvothermal route (CMO‐ETH) with excellent electrochemical characteristics. This morphology arises from the self‐assembly of primary nanoparticles into flake‐like units, then transformed into hydrangea flower‐like microstructures. Compared with the CMO‐DIW battery‐type electrode (hydrothermally synthesized electrode), the CMO‐ETH had a higher specific capacity of 678 C g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1. The fabricated CMO‐ETH//activated carbon hybrid supercapacitor (HSC) exhibited an ultra‐high energy density of 103.4 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 750.5 W kg−1. We also successfully turned on the red and green LEDs for 3 minutes after connecting two HSCs in series.
Shedding Light on the Vibrational Signatures in Halogen‐Bonded Graphitic Carbon Nitride Building Blocks
Authors: Ellington Thomas L. , Devore Daniel P. , Uvin G. De Alwis W. M. , French Kirk A. , Shuford Kevin L. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe relative contributions of halogen and hydrogen bonding to the interaction between graphitic carbon nitride monomers and halogen bond (XB) donors containing C−X and C≡C bonds were evaluated using computational vibrational spectroscopy. Conventional probes into select vibrational stretching frequencies can often lead to disconnected results. To elucidate this behavior, local mode analyses were performed on the XB donors and complexes identified previously at the M06‐2X/aVDZ‐PP level of theory. Due to coupling between low and high energy C−X vibrations, the C≡C stretch is deemed a better candidate when analyzing XB complex properties or detecting XB formation. The local force constants support this conclusion, as the C≡C values correlate much better with the σ‐hole magnitude than their C−X counterparts. The intermolecular local stretching force constants were also assessed, and it was found that attractive forces other than halogen bonding play a supporting role in complex formation.
Photoredox Catalytic Activation of Trichlorofluoromethane and Addition to Styrenes
Authors: Steuernagel Desirée , Rombach David , Sack Daniel , Koos Martin , Luy Burkhard , Wagenknecht Hans‐Achim 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAbstract: A new method activates CCl3F by means of photoredox catalysis and functionalizes alkenes by the CCl2F group. N‐phenylphenothiazine is used as strongly reducing organophotocatalyst. The photoredox catalytic approach combines the productive disposal of this ozone depleting material and greenhouse gas with the synthesis of potentially useful organic compounds, complements the concept of atom transfer radical addition, and allows for the first time direct synthetic access to the CCl2F group as structural motif. The substrate scope is broad and the multifunctionalized class of products allows for a variety of following‐up transformations.
2D and 3D Nanomaterials for Photoelectrocatalytic Removal of Organic Pollutants from Water
Authors: Cui Mengmeng , Li Qianxi , Bao Ruiyu , Xia Jianxin , Li Hua 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe presence of organics in water poses a serious risk to the environment, as well as to human health. It is important to develop effective water treatment techniques that are affordable, durable, and sustainable. The removal and degradation of organic matter in water is widely explored using 2D and 3D nanomaterials, which are advantageous in providing high surface to volume ratios and favorably photoelectro activity as compared to traditional materials. The robustness of nano semiconductors has made it highly sustainable in water treatment. This review concentrates on nanostructured materials, which are demonstrating the removal of pollutants from water using various 2D and 3D nanostructured materials as photoelectrocatalytic electrodes. The 2D and 3D nanostructured materials are divided into five types according to physical morphology: nanofilms/nanosheets, nanopore structure/nanonetwork, nanoflowers, nanotubes, and other forms. Apart from this, the preparation method, characterization technology, and photoelectrocatalytic efficiency of organic pollutants degradation are reviewed. Finally, the different factors influencing degradation of organic pollutants are discussed.
Unravelling the extent of tree planting by corporations
Authors: Mansourian Stephanie , Vallauri Daniel 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA growing number of businesses advertise their tree planting engagements even though it is generally outside their core business. Why do they do it? Where do they do it? With whom do they do it? How pervasive is this phenomenon? These are questions we sought to answer for three European countries: France, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. We selected all large corporations from those countries present on the Fortune 500 list of companies and analysed their reports and available documentation to see firstly whether they were engaged in tree planting and if yes, to answer the above questions. Our findings indicate that in the last 22 years, 98% of the large corporations from the three countries reviewed have carried out some tree planting activities, contributing to planting well over 500 million trees.
Potential, concepts, and key advances for a ubiquitous adaptive indigenous microengineering and nanoengineering in 6G network
Authors: John Akinribide Adebisi , Thakur Prabhat , Singh Ghanshyam 
Published: December 2022

SummaryThe wireless communication is an integral part of the human life, which has been evolved from first generation (1G) to fifth generation (5G) where prime emphasis is on the enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra‐reliable low latency communication (urLLC), and massive machine type communication (mMTC). Further, we are working towards the sixth generation (6G) network where microtechnology and nanotechnology will play a key role to provide worldwide coverage, increased spectral/energy/cost efficiency, and improved intelligence and protection. This paper emphasizes on the prime enabling technologies that are enabled by the microengineering and nanoengineering in 6G framework to meet these needs. Started with the detailed study and analysis of 6G networks such as evolution from 1G to 6G and prime difference between 5G and 6G. Further, the potential 6G dimensions, architecture of microtechnology and nanotechnology designs, and key techniques required in 6G networks are explored in detail. Moreover, the role of cognitive technologies for development of micro‐ and nano‐perspective in 6G networks is presented. Furthermore, after discussing about the application areas, finally, the prime research challenges and potential future research directions are illustrated.
Ressourcenminimierung im urbanen Kontext
Authors: Weidner Stefanie , Bechmann Roland , Sobek Werner 
Published: December 2022

AbstractInnerhalb der Systemgrenze Erde sind die vom Menschen nutzbaren Ressourcen faktisch begrenzt. Dennoch steigt der Verbrauch natürlicher Ressourcen durch ein anhaltendes Wachstum der Weltbevölkerung und einen Anstieg des Wohlstands in vielen Regionen jährlich weiter an. Die gebaute Umwelt (v. a. in Form von Städten und urbanen Strukturen) gehört zu den Haupttreibern des Ressourcenverbrauchs. In der hier vorgestellten Studie wird in einer phänomenologischen Untersuchung die Auswirkung bestimmter Parameter auf den Ressourcenverbrauch von typischen Wohnbauten analysiert. Darin werden das klassische Einfamilienhaus, vier‐ und sechsgeschossige Mehrfamilienhäuser und 20‐ bzw. 40‐geschossige Wohnhochhäuser quantifiziert und in drei unterschiedlichen urbanen Dichten in einem städtischen Kontext betrachtet. Darauf aufbauend zeigt eine Fallstudie Optimierungspotenzial für Hochhäuser auf, die sich unter bestimmten Umständen als eine nachhaltige Gebäudetypologie erweisen können.
Examination of eating disorder psychopathology across sexual and gender identities among a Canadian sample
Authors: Hallward Laura , Nagata Jason M. , Rodgers Rachel F. , Ganson Kyle T. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveEating disorders (EDs) disproportionately affect sexual and gender minorities, with majority of research conducted among samples in the United States. The purpose of this study was to examine ED psychopathology among adolescents and young adults in Canada with diverse gender and sexual identities.MethodData were collected from 2,714 Canadians, aged 16–30 years old, via an online survey at the end of 2021 during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Participants responded to sociodemographic questions (including history of EDs) and reported on eating attitudes and behaviors. Descriptive statistics and multiple modified Poisson and linear regressions were conducted.ResultsOver half the sample was heterosexual, 35% were sexual minority cisgender men and women, and 6.5% were transgender and gender non‐conforming (TGNC) people. The sample overall reported elevated ED psychopathology based on their eating attitudes and behaviors. TGNC participants reported the most severe ED psychopathology. Generally, sexual minority cisgender women and cisgender men had elevated ED psychopathology compared to their heterosexual counterparts. Regression analyses revealed all gender and sexual minorities reported greater ED psychopathology compared to heterosexual cisgender men.DiscussionThe Canadian sample reported elevated ED psychopathology compared to previous studies among various populations. Additional investigations are now needed to observe how ED psychopathology continues to change after the onset of the pandemic. Further research is needed among cisgender men, TGNC people, and sexual minorities to understand the unique stressors they face that lead to high ED psychopathology, and develop appropriate prevention and treatment tools.Public significanceEDs affect people of all gender and sexual identities. People who identify as a gender and/or sexual minority often experience problematic eating attitudes and behaviors, particularly transgender and gender non‐conforming people of all sexual identities. More research attention is needed among these populations, especially due to a paucity of research among Canadians, to develop effective diagnostic tools, prevention efforts, and treatment programs specific to gender and sexual identities.