bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control of the Alfalfa Weevil in West Texas, 1976
Authors: Bynum E. D. , Ward C. R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
At Bailey Co., Texas standard insecticides azinphosmethyl (Guthion®) and carbofuran (Furadan®) and three experimental compounds (SD-41706, SD-43775 and SRA-12869) were tested for alfalfa weevil control. The pivot sprinkler-irrigated broadcast planted alfalfa had ca. 10-12 in. of early season growth. Plots were 13.3 ft. wide and 35 ft. long arranged in a four replicate randomized block design. Alfalfa weevil larvae were randomly sampled in three 1 sq. ft. areas within each plot on April 29 prior to insecticide application and posttreatment on May 4, 7, and 14. Emulsifiable (EC), liquid concentrate (L) and flowable (F) insecticide formulations at rates in pounds active ingredient per acre were topically applied with a hand-carried, nitrogen-pressured sprayer equipped with five FS-2 80° nozzles spaced 20 in. apart and calibrated to deliver five gal. of insecticide and water mixture per acre. Aerial application of carbofuran 4F (0.5 lb ai/ac) was made using a Rockwell Thrush Commander with D-10 tips and no. 45 spinners at 18-22 psi.
Alfalfa Weevil Control in Alfalfa, 1977
Authors: Hellman John L. , Rouse Robert 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The Williamsburg variety of alfalfa selected for the test was a production field partially budded with 80% of the tip showing seevil feeding injury. Stand was 2 years old. Treatment plots wer 10 ft x 10 ft and arranged in a randomized complete block design with 3 replicates. Precounts and treatments were made on Apr 25. Precounts of weevil larvae averaged 31/10 stems. Sprays were applied with a “back-pack” CO2 pressure sprayer calibrated to deliver 25 gpa at 32 psi. Post treatment counts were taken on Apr 28 and May 3. All larval counts were based on two 10 stem samples taken at random within each plot.
Apple, Orchard Insecticide Studies, 1977
Authors: Gauthier Norman L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This study was conducted at the Agway Orchard, Fabius, NY, on dwarf trellised rootstock apple trees of the varieties, Mcintosh, Red Delicious, Macoun, and Cortland. Single-row blocks (each .1 acre) of 22 trees were sprayed with hand-gun sprays to runoff at IX concentration using a tractor-mounted platform sprayer at 80 psi to deliver 300 GPA dilute equivalent. A full-season spray schedule was utilized starting at pink (May 4), petal fall (May 18), 1st cover (May 26), 2nd C (June 2), 3rd C (Jun 9), 4th C (Jun 16), 5th C (June 27), 6th C (Jul 7), 7th C (Jul 21), 8th C (Aug 4), and 9th C (Aug 18). Benlate 50W was used as the standard fungicide (and for check treatment) at .25 lb/100 when insecticides were not combined with other fungicides. Fruit and foliar insect damage ratings were made after first cover sprays on Jun 1 (Table 1), mid-season on Aug 15 (Table 2), and at harvest on Oct 1 (Table 3). At each sampling date, a total of 100 fruit (25 each of 4 varieties) or 100 terminals were examined for insect damage.
Field Corn, Corn Rootworm Larval Control, 1978
Authors: Mayo Z. B. , Peters L. L. , Campbell J. B. , Hagen A. F. , Witkowski J. F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Soil insecticides to control larvae of the corn rootworm were evaluated at 6 locations in Nebraska in 1978. Corn was planted May 5, Apr 26, May 11, May 12, May 10, and May 16 at Mead, Clay Center, North Platte, Scottsbluff, Concord, and Sandhills Agricultural Laboratory (S.A.L.), respectively. All experiments were conducted in irrigated fields. Each insecticide was applied in a 7-inch band over the row (1.2 oz ai/1000 ft of row) at planting time and incorporated by a press wheel. Each treatment consisted of one row, 50 ft long. All experiments were arranged in randomized complete block designs with 4 replications/treatment. Insecticide treatments were evaluated for root damage in mid-July by digging 5 equally spaced plants from each row and rating the roots for rootworm feeding damage using a 1-6 damage scale (l=minor damage; 6=three or more nodes of roots destroyed). Yields were obtained at the Mead, Clay Center, and North Platte locations by harvesting the middle 30 ft of each row and converting to bu of no. 2 corn per acre.
Field Corn, Emergency Treatments for Black Cutworm Control, 1978
Authors: Sechriest Ralph E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Five corn fields with varying degrees of natural infestations of black cutworms were located in Illinois during late May and early June, 1978. The black cutworm larvae ranged in size up to 4th instar, but many 5th instar larvae were also observed in the Pawnee field. Light weed growth was noted in all fields before seedbed preparation and planting. All emergency treatments were broadcast during 1978. All bait formulations were broadcast at 15 lb of formulation regardless of size of pellet or insecticide concentration in each pellet. All liquid formulations were applied as broadcast postemergence sprays with no soil incorporation. Spray boom pressure was set at 20 psi; 12 gallons of total spray per acre was used. Plots were 100 x 100 ft (50 x 50 ft at Belleville) in a randomized complete block design with 3 replicates. At Belleville the treatments were applied 1 to 2 days before emergence of the seedling corn and were evaluated by counting the number of healthy and cut plants in four 25-ft rows per plot. In all other experiments immediately after application of the treatments, 8 specific rows of 50 ft each were staked and the number of healthy, uncut plants and cutworm-damaged plants counted and recorded per row. Later counts were made in a similar manner for comparison. Yields were harvested by picker-sheller combines at Belleville, Cisco, and Maroa. Rows for harvesting were selected through the center of each plot, where stand and cut plants had been determined earlier in the season. These rows were harvested the entire length of each plot: Belleville, 8 rows x 50 ft; Cisco, 4 rows x 100 ft; and Maroa, 8 rows x 100 ft. The shelled corn was weighed and percent moisture determined as the plots were harvested. Bushels per acre were calculated per plot and averaged for each treatment (Table 2). All data were statistically analyzed and the means compared using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test.
Laboratory Evaluation of Insecticides Applied as Sprays for Rice Leafhopper and Planthopper Control. IRRI Laboratory, 1977
Authors: Heinrichs E. A. , Valencia S. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two application methods were used to evaluate the various insecticides. In a contact toxicity study four replications of 25 insects each were treated in a Potter’s spray tower. Insecticides were applied on 2-day-old adult hoppers as 0.04% sprays in a volume of 2 ml and at a vaccum pressure of 0.71 kg/cm2. After treatment insects were placed in a 500 ml beaker containing 10-day-old rice seedlings. Mortality was determined at 48 hours after treatment. In a foliar spray test 12.5 ml of a 0.04% concentration of insecticide were applied on 45-day-old rice plants. This rate is equivalent to 750 g ai/ha. Four replications of 10 insects each were placedonthe plants at 1, 7, and 14 days after treatment. Mortality readings were taken at 48 hours after placing the insects on the plants. Both studies were at a temperature of 27 ± 1°C and mortality values were adjusted using Abbott’s formula. Insecticides having mortality ≥80% were considered effective.
Soybean Insect Control with Foliar Insecticides, 1978
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney S. , Radcliffe Edward B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Soybeans were planted May 26 at Rosemount, Minnesota. Plots were 7 rows (17.5 ft) x 70 ft, randomized in complete blocks with 4 replications. Insecticides were applied September 5, with a tractor-drawn boom sprayer, in 60 gal water/acre at 175 psi. Sampling was done with a 15-inch sweep-net (50 sweeps/plot) 3 days after treatment.
Sudangrass Attempts at Thrips Suppression, Tifton, 1977
Authors: Martin P. B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A portion of a ca 2-acre field of sudangrass (2.5 - 5.5 inch high) growing in Tifton loamy sand in 3 ft rows (middle to middle) exhibited symptoms of heavy thrips pressure. Treatments were applied in water as 30 gal/acre in a 7-9 inch band with a Solo 425 back-pack sprayer with 8006 tips. (Land area between crop rows was used in calculating gallonage and active ingredient/acre.) One row x 29 ft - plots with 4 replicates were arranged in a randomized complete block design. Two 20-plant samples were taken/plot after moving past the first 10 plants. Phytotoxicity ratings were made on whole plots. Moisture was minimal with only a trace of rain between planting (June 16) and treatment dates.
Green Peach Aphid Control on Shade Tobacco with Three Concentrations of Orthene 75SP Mixed with Pecan Dust, Windsor, 1978
Authors: Moore Robert E. B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Shade tobacco plants not growing under the customary shade tent and heavily infested with aphids were selected for this test. Each treatment consisted of 5 plants; three leaves were evaluated from each treatment and each treatment was replicated 3 times. On Aug 8, three leaves were marked in each plot and the aphid counts were taken on 0.5 of the underside of the sample leaf. Pretreatment counts ranged from 4 to 120 and averaged 35.9 per 0.5 leaf. On Aug 11 three concentrations of Orthene 75SP mixed with pecan dust and 4% malathion dust as a comparison standard were applied to the plots. The dusts were applied with a small hand held duster. On Aug 18 the treatments were evaluated. There was no precipitation during the test.
Grasshopper Control on Flue-Cured Tobacco, 1978
Authors: Semtner Paul J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
An on-farm test was conducted in Nottoway County, Virginia, to determine the effectiveness of insecticides for grasshopper control on flue-cured tobacco. The experiment consisted of 7 treatments replicated 3 times without a check. Plots were 4 rows wide and 100 feet long. They were separated by 8 foot strips of Digitaris spp. and Amaranthus spp. One end of each plot was adjacent to an orchardgrass-fescue hay meadow, while the other end was tobacco. Treatments were applied on July 27 and August 8 in 23.3 gallons of finished spray per acre using a CO2-powered knapsack sprayer equipped with a single solid cone nozzle and 60 psi. Three days after the initial application it rained 1.3 inches. It then rained at least 0.1 inches on the next 5 consecutive days. Live grasshoppers were counted on 20 plants in each plot. Dead grasshoppers were counted in a strip 50 feet long and 2 feet wide between the 2 center rows of each plot. Data were subjected to an analysis of variance and mean separation was by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test.
Marigold, Flower Thrips Control, 1978
Authors: Schuder Donald L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Four insecticides were evaluated for flower thrips control between July 5, and July 24, 1978. The plantings were located at the Federal Church, West Lafayette, Indiana. All of the treatments were foliar applications applied with a one gallon B&G Stainless Steel compressed air sprayer operating at 30 psi. A randomized block design with 3 replicates was used. Each plot consisted of an individual plant 8-10 inch high. Three weeks after treatment 5-6 inch foliage and flower samples were removed, bagged, taken to the laboratory placed in a Berlese Funnel and the collected thrips counted under a binocular microscope.
Pyracantha, Hawthorn Lacebug Control, 1978
Authors: Pinkston Ken , Price Richard , Ree Bill , Hart Dottie 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A pyracantha hedge was treated on June 27 in Stillwater, Oklahoma. Application equipment consisted of a John Bean 55 sprayer, series L-155 and a 785 John Bean Spraymaster deluxe gun which delivered 1.76 gal/min of finish spray at 300 psi. Plants were sprayed until runoff. Treatments were randomized and replicated two times. Each replicate consisted of a 5 ft section, 3 to 5 ft high. Temperature at time of application was 95°F and the wind velocity was 0 to 5 mph. Pretreatment and postreatment counts were determined by examining the leaves on 6 inches of terminal branch growth at six locations in each replicate.
Various Seed Insects
Authors: Roth Herbert , Fons James , George E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Acacia saligna, Eurytoms sp.; Amorphafructicosa, Acanthoscelidescollosus (Fall); Betuja spp.; Oligotrophusbetulae (Winnertz); Caraganaarborescens, Bruchophaguscaraganae (Nikolskaya); Casuarinaequisetifolia, Bootanomyiaorientalis Mathur and Hussey; Cedrusdeodara, Torymus sp.; Crataegusmonogyna; Crataegusoxycantha, Torymusvariana (Walker); Lonicaratatarica, Rhagoletiscerani (Linnaeus); Malusfloribunda, TorymusPvarians (Walker); Prunusavium, Furcipusrectirostris (Linnaeus); Prunusserctina, Rhynchitea sp.; Apple: Malus sp., Phagoletispomonella (Walsh); Faba beans: Viciafaba, Bruchusrufimanus Boheman; Kudzu: Puerarialobata, Callosobruchusademptis (Sharp); Lentils: Lensculinaris, Bruchussignaticornis Gyllenhal.
Apple, Test of Acaricides, 1978
Authors: Hull Larry A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experimental sprays were applied to runoff to single-tree plots in a randomized block design with 2 replicates of Golden Delicious and 2 Red Delicious, both spur-type trees. Experimental sprays were applied with a spraygun from a truck-mounted John Bean sprayer equipped with a 35-gpm pump on Jun 30, Jul 10, and Aug 8 to all plots. General purpose sprays of captan 50W 1.5 1b, Guthion 50W 0.25 lb, and Sevin 50W 1.0 lb/100 gallons dilute were applied at ca. 2-wk intervals throughout the summer. Average temperatures were: May 58.6°F, Jun 68.5°F, Jul 70.4°F, and Aug 74.1°F. Rainfall in inches averaged: May 5.67, Jun 3.24, Jul 7.98, and Aug 2.46. Effectiveness of the test materials on the European red mite, two-spotten spider mite, and A.fallacis was evaluated by making several counts of mites on random samples of 20 leaves/tree, 80 leaves/treatment. Mite population pressure was moderate throughout the season.
Kentucky Bluegrass, Sod Webworm Control, 1978
Authors: Schuder Donald L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A series of 14 treatments were applied to a Kentucky bluegrass lawn at the Federated Church in West Lafayette, Indiana on June 14, 1978. At the time of treatment adult moths were flying and egg deposition for the first generation had begun. Plots were 7 by 14 feet and the experiment was replicated five times. Sprays were applied with a boom mounted on a bicycle wheeled type frame. A pressure of 30 psi was maintained with a CO2 tank. Granular applications were made with a 7 foot wide John Deere granular applicator mounted on a bicycle wheeled type frame. Half of each plot was sampled on July 12 and 25 by applying a mixture of “Diagnostic Aid” and water to half of the plot with a sprinkling can and counting the number of larvae that emerged.
Insecticides for German Cockroach Control, 1978
Authors: Rust Michael K. , Reierson Donald A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Field tests with aerosols, aqueous sprays, baits, and dusts were conducted in a private apartment complex near Los Angeles. Each apartment in which treatments were applied were trapped and a survey questionnaire distributed. Cockroaches were most frequently observed in the kitchen and bathroom, but occasionally were also noted in the storage and bedroom areas. Representative infestation levels were determined with two 0.95-litre jar traps baited with bread and left in the kitchen of each apartment for 7 days. Powdered clay in each Jar prevented trapped cockroaches from escaping. The total number of cockroaches trapped/appartment after treatment were compared to precounrs by the Wilcoxon’s signed-ranks test. Approximately 0.6-0.9 litre of aerosol spray/apt. (formulated by S. C. Johnson Inc.) was applied extremely thoroughly in kitchens, bathrooms, and storage areas. With liquids, 0.8-1.1 litre (0.9-1.2 qt) finish aqueous spray/apt. was applied from a B&G compression sprayer equipped with a Spraying System Co. multeejet nozzle (No. 800067). Sprays were directed along intersections, cracks and crevices, beneath and behind appliances, and in areas likely to harbor cockroaches in the kitchen, bathroom, and storage areas. In apartments treated with Bolt chlorpyrifos and Black Flag propoxur bait, 10 bait stations were placed behind appliances and on shelves in the kitchen; 4-6 were placed next to corners, in storage areas; 2 were placed on the floor of the bathroom. The powders (ca 0.7 lb/apt) were applied with Getz and Centrobulb hand dusters. Powder was applied around appliances and in areas likely to be left undisturbed. The performance of boric acid dyed blue + sucrose octa-acetate (a bitter tasting flavor adulterant) for increased safety was compared to technical and stabilized boric acid.
Evaluation of Insecticides for Cockroach Control, 1978
Authors: Rust M. K. , Reierson D. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tests were conducted to determine the intrinsic activity and potential usefulness of deposits of several experimental and commercial insecticides against German cockroaches. Filter paper and glass were treated with liquid so that 1% preparations provided 0.08 mg ai/cm2 (74 mg/ft2). Aerosols were sprayed to visible dampness (ca 4 sec spray/ft2) and dusts were applied at 14.6 cc/ft2 only on filter paper. Acetone solutions of pyrethrin and resmethrin chemically enclosed (i.e. included) in cyclodextrin were prepared from material formulated in Japan by Dr. I. Yamamoto. Each treatment was tested against 3-5 replicates of 10 adult ♂ German cockroaches (UCR Normal). The mean time required to produce 50% KD (KT-50) was determined for deposits 18 hr old and 28 days old. Diazinon 4E served as a standard in most of the tests. The performance of each test toxicant on each substrate and age was compared to the activity of Diazinon by establishing a ratio of their KT-50 values. Simulated efficacy and repellency tests were performed in standard wooden choice boxes which have 2 compartments separated by a partition. The masonite floor of the dark compartment (0.5 ft2) was treated with 3 ml liquid, 10 cc of powder or was sprayed to dampness with aerosol.
Cattle, Evaluation of Two Pyrethroids for the Control of Adult Diptera, 1977
Authors: Brown Steven J. , Knapp Fred W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
15 Holstein heifers and steers weighting 180 kg were used in this study. The animals were divided into 5 groups (3 animals/group) with 4 groups receiving a specific insecticidal treatment and the 5th group receiving no treatment. Both pyrethroides, Atroban and Ectrin, were applied as 0.1% and 0.05% whole body sprays under 40 lb pressure with a hand sprayer. The treated animals were allowed to dry after which they were placed into screened stalls measuring 4m x 4m x 4m and 100 premarked (Dayglo) house, stable, face and 200 unmarked horn flies were released into each stall. Twenty hours later the mortality for each fly species was determined by counting the live flies remaining and subtracting from the number of each fly species released. The animals were then removed to individual pasture paddocks and weathered for one week, at which time they were returned to the screened stalls for further testing. When fly control for each species was less than 65%, the test was terminated. All data was analyzed by the analysis of the variance and significance was checked at the 0.05 level.
Cattle, Control of Face and Horn Flies on Beef Cattle with RabonR Ear Tags and A New Ear Device, 1978
Authors: Hall Robert D. , Foehse Mark 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plastic ear tags containing 13.7% wt/wt RabonR (stirofos) were affixed to both ears of cattle in 2 locations in Missorui. A total of 43 head in 2 herds was treated in Linn Co., plus a single herd of 60 head in Boone Co. In the former location, an additional herd of 50 animals was treated on June 29 by hanging a new device from each ear. This apparatus, patented by Mr. Roy Goodwin (Lancaster, Mo.) consisted of a small injection-molded plastic bottle with a ring on the top. A threaded neck on the bottom provided attachment for a plastic screw-cap. A 0.5 cm hole in the latter permitted egress of a 22 cm cotton wick. The entire device was held to the ear via a flexible plastic strap passed through the ring, doubled, and inserted through a hole augered in the ear between 2 ribs of cartilage. A molded cap pressed over the plastic strap secured the device against loss. Each device was charged with 20 ml of 140 wt gear oil containing 1% dichlorvos (v/v). In addition, the wick was soaked in this solution prior to attachment. Test animals received these devices in both ears. Assessment of treatment efficacy was made immediately prior to treatment and threrafter at weekly intervals via inspection of 10 head selected at random from each herd. Untreated herds located nearby served as controls and were inspected in a similar manner. Face flies were counted on the entire face, and horn flies on a single side of each animal examined.
Horse Barns, House Fly Control, 1978
Authors: Williams R. E. , Westby E. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Five horse barns located in Hancock County, Indiana, were selected to evaluate residual wall treatments of AtrobanR (permethrin) for controlling house flies. All of the barns had a history of fly populations warranting control during the summer months. Test treatments were applied to 4 barns on Jul’78 while one barn served as a check. Treatments were applied by hand spraying all exposed interior fly resting surfaces at a rate of 750 sq ft/gal of spray mixture using B&G sprayers equipped with TeejetR #50015 fan-pattern nozzles. Indices of fly populations were obtained weekly by counting fly fecal and regurgitation specks deposited on 5 x 8 inch white paper cards placed in the barns for 24 hr periods. Ten cards were used in each barn (5 inside stalls and 5 in isle ways) suspended from ceilings and wall beams. In addition, 2 sticky fly tapes were placed in each barn to aid in identification of fly species present. Treatment efficacy was evaluated by comparing post-treatment changes in the mean number of fly specks from pre-treatment means and adjusted for natural population changes as reflected from changes in the check barn. Because of excessive variation in fly populations in the test barns a comparison of respective populations by statistical methods was not conducted.
Sheep Ked,

Melaphagus

Ovinus

(L), Control with Organophosphorus Pour-On Insecticides in Idaho, 19731
Authors: Duren Edward P. , Homan Hugh W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A cooperative study with U.S. Sheep Experiment Station, Dubois, Idaho, was conducted on 13 pens of breeding ewes and lambs that were naturally infested with sheep ked, Melophagusovinus (L.). Counts were made in the area posterior to the navel extending in the britch area of the underside of the rear leg. Pretreatment counts revealed that the shorn ewes averaged 10 keds or less, while nursing lambs had from 20-30. Since the lambs had greater ked populations, evaluation of treatment efficiency was confined to them. The pour-on treatments were applied May 5’73. Posttreatment counts were made June 6 on 10 lambs in each pen.
Apple, Test of Acaricides, 1978
Authors: Townsend Howard G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Test materials were evaluated for efficacy against phytophagous and predatory mites. Treatments were applied using an air-blast sprayer at a rate of ca 250 GPA. Pretreatment counts were taken and the treatments applied on Aug 10 to 2 randomly selected blocks each containing 3 trees. Postreotment counts were taken weekly (Aug 17, 24, 31, and Sep 7) by collecting 10 leaves from each tree (60 leaves per treatment).