bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Light signaling-mediated growth plasticity in Arabidopsis grown under high-temperature conditions
Authors: Wang Qi , Zhu Ziqiang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractGrowing concern around global warming has led to an increase in research focused on plant responses to increased temperature. In this review, we highlight recent advances in our understanding of plant adaptation to high ambient temperature and heat stress, emphasizing the roles of plant light signaling in these responses. We summarize how high temperatures regulate plant cotyledon expansion and shoot and root elongation and explain how plants use light signaling to combat severe heat stress. Finally, we discuss several future avenues for this research and identify various unresolved questions within this field.
Smartphone Mediated Tracking and Analysis of Sleep Patterns in Indian College Students
Authors: Vaghela Maitri , Sasidhar Kalyan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSleep is one of the essential bio-makers for human health. Poor sleep is associated with reduced cognitive performance. With most smartphone users in India being college students, the focus is now on exploring smartphone usage’s impact on students’ sleep. Umpteen news articles in India have reported binge-watching, social media use during the night, and other mobile phone-related interruptions as causes of improper sleep and irregular sleep patterns. However, such studies may involve bias while self-reporting and are limited to a one-time exercise. To understand the reality, we need to accurately quantify the sleep duration, patterns, mobile usage before and after bedtime, number and duration of interruptions. In this first-of-its-kind study in India, we infer novel insights into the sleep patterns of a cohort of 40 college students. We implement a mobile sensing-based approach for the study by installing a custom-developed mobile app on all phones. We extract sleep activity and infer the sleep duration, bed-in and wake-up times, and interruption duration from the sensor data collected from the phone’s built-in sensors. The study brings about new insights into college student sleep patterns and, interestingly, shows that students have a regular sleep cycle and good sleep quality. Only one-fourth of the students revealed irregular sleep patterns, and we did not observe any mobile-related interruptions 30 min past bedtime.
Movement mechanisms for transport aircraft during severe clear-air turbulence encounter
Authors: Jiang W. , Chang R.C. , Yang N. , Ding M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe objective of this paper is to present the movement mechanisms of transport aircraft response to severe clear-air turbulence to obtain the loss of control prevention for pilot training in IATA – Loss of Control In-flight (LOC-I) program. The transport aircraft in transonic flight is subjected to severe clear-air turbulence, resulting in a sudden plunging motion with the abrupt change in flight attitude and gravitational acceleration. The comparative analyses of the flight environment and aircraft response to severe clear-air turbulence for two four-jet aircraft are studied. The one with a larger dropped-off altitude during the plunging motion will be chosen to construct the movement mechanism. The nonlinear unsteady aerodynamic model of the chosen transport is established through flight data mining and the fuzzy-logic modeling of artificial intelligence technique based on post-flight data. The crosswind before the turbulence encounter will easily induce a rolling motion and then the sudden plunging motion during the turbulence encounter. The influences of the varying vertical wind and crosswind on loss of control are presented. To formulate preventive actions, the situation awareness of varying crosswind encountering for the operational pilot will be studied further in the future. The present study is initiated to examine the possible mitigation concepts of accident prevention for the pilot training course of IATA – Loss of Control In-flight (LOC-I) program.
Modelling Alzheimer's disease using human brain organoids: current progress and challenges
Authors: Yanakiev Mario , Soper Olivia , Berg Daniel A. , Kang Eunchai 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterised by gradual memory loss and declining cognitive and executive functions. AD is the most common cause of dementia, affecting more than 50 million people worldwide, and is a major health concern in society. Despite decades of research, the cause of AD is not well understood and there is no effective curative treatment so far. Therefore, there is an urgent need to increase understanding of AD pathophysiology in the hope of developing a much-needed cure. Dissecting the cellular and molecular mechanisms of AD pathogenesis has been challenging as the most commonly used model systems such as transgenic animals and two-dimensional neuronal culture do not fully recapitulate the pathological hallmarks of AD. The recent advent of three-dimensional human brain organoids confers unique opportunities to study AD in a humanised model system by encapsulating many aspects of AD pathology. In the present review, we summarise the studies of AD using human brain organoids that recapitulate the major pathological components of AD including amyloid-β and tau aggregation, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and synaptic and circuitry dysregulation. Additionally, the current challenges and future directions of the brain organoids modelling system are discussed.
‘It’s Like the Sword of Damocles’ – A Trauma-Informed Framework Analysis of Individuals’ Experiences of Assessment for the Personal Independence Payment Benefit in the UK
Authors: Roberts Helen , Stuart Simon Robertson , Allan Stephanie , Gumley Andrew 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWhile a growing body of evidence has highlighted the psychological distress experienced by individuals dealing with the UK benefits system, there has been little research into that system from the perspective of Trauma Informed Care (TIC). This study explored to what extent people’s experiences of benefits assessment fitted with TIC principles, using a framework produced by NHS Education for Scotland. Secondary aims were to understand experiences that were not captured by the framework, and to explore the limitations of the framework in context. Participants were 12 people receiving NHS therapy for trauma-related difficulties, who had attended an assessment for the Personal Independence Payment (PIP), a UK financial benefit designed to help with long-term illness or disability. Semi-structured interviews were carried out, and a framework analysis conducted. Results suggested that PIP assessments were severely re-traumatising, with a prolonged adverse effect on mental health. Participants’ experiences contrasted so greatly with the principles of TIC that an alternative framework was constructed, comprising five key themes: harm, distrust, rigidity, intimidation, and powerlessness. Recommendations are made for further research, including an understanding of assessors’ perspectives, and how TIC principles might be introduced into the assessment process.
Promoting Information Literacy and Visual Literacy Skills in Undergraduate Students Using Infographics
Authors: Kalaf-Hughes Nicole 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTBecause research and communication proficiency is ubiquitous in the academic and professional world, teaching students the necessary information literacy (IL) and visual literacy (VL) skills has become increasingly important. Integrating IL and VL pedagogy into substantive coursework can enhance students’ comprehension of the material and teach them to make a meaningful contribution to public awareness and understanding of political science. Yet, faculty often find it challenging to include instruction in these skills with necessary coverage of substantive course material. This article discusses the use of an infographic assignment in an introductory American government course as a tool to teach literacy skills and to reinforce substantive course concepts. Encouraging students to distill academic research into an infographic requires them to understand the process of information creation, the role of visuals in communication, and how scholarship acts as a conversation—all key components of literacy in higher education.
Permafrost Dynamics Observatory (PDO): 2. Joint Retrieval of Permafrost Active Layer Thickness and Soil Moisture From L‐Band InSAR and P‐Band PolSAR
Authors: Chen Richard H. , Michaelides Roger J. , Zhao Yuhuan , Huang Lingcao , Wig Elizabeth , Sullivan Taylor D. , Parsekian Andrew D. , Zebker Howard A. , Moghaddam Mahta , Schaefer Kevin M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSeasonal subsidence induced by ground ice melt can be measured by interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) techniques to infer active layer thickness (ALT) in permafrost regions. The magnitude of subsidence depends on both how deep the soil thawed and how much ice/water content existed in the active layer soil. To provide the later, P‐band polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) backscatter is used due to its sensitivity to subsurface soil moisture and freeze/thaw conditions. In this study, which is the second in a two‐part series of Permafrost Dynamics Observatory (PDO), we exploit L‐band InSAR subsidence and P‐band PolSAR backscatter in a joint retrieval scheme to simultaneously estimate ALT and soil moisture profile of permafrost active layer. Both subsidence and backscatter are explicitly characterized by physics‐based models and share a common set of soil parameters including porosity and water saturation profiles. The PDO joint retrieval has been applied to the L‐ and P‐band SAR data acquired by National Aeronautics and Space Administration/Jet Propulsion Laboratory's Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle Synthetic Aperture Radar over Alaska and western Canada during the 2017 Arctic‐Boreal Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE) airborne campaign. This high‐resolution (30 m) regional estimates of ALT and soil moisture profile spanning over the ABoVE study domain can help link the ground‐based field surveys with satellite observations to further understand the permafrost and active layer soil process dynamics to disturbances and climate change occurring across the northern circumpolar region.
Currents off the Papua New Guinea Coast During and After the El Niño of 2015–2016
Authors: Wu Jie , Zhang Linlin , Wang Fan , Kaluwin Chalapan , Hu Dunxin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractInterannual variation of New Guinea Coastal Undercurrent (NGCUC) along the Papua New Guinea (PNG) coast was investigated using mooring observations during 2015–2019 combined with eddy‐resolving simulations of the Ocean General Circulation Model for the Earth Simulator (OFES) during 1980–2019. Strong interannual variation appears in the upper 800 m of the currents recorded by the mooring, which is well reproduced by OFES outputs. On the interannual time scale, a relatively larger proportion (1.1 Sv) of the transport signals related to El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the Solomon Sea is transmitted through the Solomon Strait, while about 0.84 Sv of ENSO signal is through the Vitiaz Strait due to the topography constraint. As the NGCUC flows along the PNG coast, the mean transport above 400 m gradually increases while its relationship with ENSO rapidly weakens. This weakening is due to its merging with the westward South Equatorial Current (SEC). The westward SEC weakens (strengthens) during El Niño (La Niña) events, which weakens the interannual signal of NGCUC. The interannual variations of the currents above and below the thermocline off the PNG coast are opposite: a clockwise anomalous circulation straddling the equator appears above the thermocline, while a counterclockwise anomalous circulation appears below the thermocline during El Niño, which is connected to the recharge‐discharge oscillation during ENSO cycle.
The Remote Role of North‐American Mesoscale Convective Systems on the Forecast of a Rossby Wave Packet: A Multi‐Model Ensemble Case‐Study
Authors: Lojko Alexander , Payne Ashley , Jablonowski Christiane 
Published: December 2022

AbstractNorth American Mesoscale Convective Systems (MCSs) have been linked to instances of poorly forecasted Rossby wave packets (RWPs). A computationally inexpensive investigation is proposed to demonstrate a dynamical mechanism by which MCSs modify a RWP associated with a high‐impact weather event. Global ensemble forecast data, reanalysis and high‐resolution observations are used to assess the remote role of negative potential vorticity (PV) arising from divergent outflow on RWP propagation coinciding with the 11–21 June 2017 European heatwave. In this case, synoptic‐scale bands of negative PV which advect toward the jet stream arise from regions of active MCSs. The forecast data results show that the numerical misrepresentation of the anticyclonic circulation associated with negative PV can impinge on the forecast of a RWP. In each of the four forecasting models assessed, ensemble members that advected lower values of PV toward the equatorward branch of a North American ridge favored enhanced poleward amplification of the ridge and a more eastward progression of the RWP. The more eastward displacement of the RWP also coincided with an enhanced wave activity flux downstream. Although, we do not find a significant impact on the forecasted heatwave. The results urge further investigation into the role of negative PV in remotely influencing high‐impact weather.
ENSO‐GTC: ENSO Deep Learning Forecast Model With a Global Spatial‐Temporal Teleconnection Coupler
Authors: Mu Bin , Qin Bo , Yuan Shijin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractContinuing the tropical Pacific multivariate air‐sea coupler proposed by us before, we design the Global spatial‐temporal Teleconnection Coupler (GTC), which is modeled to discover the latent teleconnections among global sea surface temperature (SST). To this end, Pacific, Indian, and Atlantic oceans are divided into small ocean patches that compose a dynamics graph, in which the adjacent relationships are artificially constructed by prior knowledge and the non‐adjacent relationships are learned from the data by deep learning methods. Based on GTC, an El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) deep learning forecast model (ENSO‐GTC) is established, where probability graph convolution layers are designed to learn spatial‐temporal teleconnection, that is, non‐adjacent relationships in the dynamics graph. A loss function with a graph total variations penalty term is remarkably proposed to maintain physical consistency. We tune ENSO‐GTC to the optimal, which has Niño3.4 index correlation skills of 0.79/0.66/0.51 at 6‐/12‐/18‐month forecasts with iterative strategy, and above 0.6 within 20‐month forecasts with direct strategy, outperforming the other state‐of‐the‐art models. We explore the forecast skill of ENSO‐GTC on the effective forecast lead time, improvements of persistence barrier, and analysis of forecast errors. Moreover, we find that what GTC has learned exactly matches multiple ENSO theories. The oscillations of Kelvin and Rossby waves make a 6‐month lagged correlation on Pacific SST. The north and south Pacific meridional modes (NPMM and SPMM) are strongly linked to the evolutions of ENSO and should be monitored more. The teleconnections between equatorial Indian/Atlantic and Pacific are very important and usually have 2‐month/8‐month lagged correlations before ENSO.
Neurostructural associations with traumatic experiences during child- and adulthood
Authors: Siehl Sebastian , Sicorello Maurizio , Herzog Julia , Nees Frauke , Kleindienst Nikolaus , Bohus Martin , Müller-Engelmann Meike , Steil Regina , Priebe Kathlen , Schmahl Christian , Flor Herta 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAdverse experiences can lead to severe mental health problems, such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), throughout the lifespan. In individuals with PTSD, both global and local brain volume reductions have been reported—especially in the amygdala and hippocampus—while the literature on childhood maltreatment suggests a strong dependency on the timing of adverse events. In the present study, we pooled data from two studies to contrast the effects of reported trauma exposure during neurodevelopmentally sensitive periods in early life with trauma exposure during adulthood. A total of 155 women were allocated into one of six age-matched groups according to the timing of traumatization (childhood vs adulthood) and psychopathology (PTSD vs trauma-exposed healthy vs trauma-naïve healthy). Volumes of the amygdala and hippocampus were compared between these groups. Six additional exploratory regions of interest (ROI) were included based on a recent meta-analysis. Amygdala volume was strongly dependent on the timing of traumatization: Smaller amygdala volumes were observed in participants with childhood trauma and PTSD compared to the healthy control groups. In contrast, larger amygdala volumes were observed in both groups with trauma exposure during adulthood compared to the trauma-naïve control group. Hippocampal volume comparisons revealed no statistically significant differences, although the descriptive pattern was similar to that found for the amygdala. The remaining exploratory ROIs showed significant group effects, but no timing effects. The timing might be an important moderator for adversity effects on amygdala volume, potentially reflecting neurodevelopmental factors. Albeit confounded by characteristics like trauma type and multiplicity, these findings pertain to typical childhood and adulthood trauma as often observed in clinical practice and speak against a simple association between traumatic stress and amygdala volume.
Impact of adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy on tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes and PD-L1 expression in metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Yazaki Shu , Salgado Roberto , Shimoi Tatsunori , Yoshida Masayuki , Shiino Sho , Kaneda Tomoya , Kojima Yuki , Sumiyoshi-Okuma Hitomi , Nishikawa Tadaaki , Sudo Kazuki , Noguchi Emi , Murata Takeshi , Takayama Shin , Suto Akihiko , Ohe Yuichiro , Yonemori Kan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Chemotherapy and radiotherapy were postulated to induce an inflamed tumour microenvironment. We aimed to evaluate the effects of adjuvant chemotherapy/radiotherapy on tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in metastatic breast cancer.

Methods
We identified paired primary and metastatic tumours in 85 patients with breast cancer. Stromal TILs were assessed according to international guidelines. PD-L1 expression was evaluated using the VENTANA SP142 assay.

Results
TILs were significantly lower in metastatic tumours than in primary tumours (12.2 vs. 8.3%, p = 0.049). PD-L1 positivity was similar between primary and metastatic tumours (21.2 vs. 14.1%, p = 0.23). TILs were significantly lower in patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy than in those who did not (−9.07 vs. 1.19%, p = 0.01). However, radiotherapy had no significant effect on TILs (p = 0.44). Decreased TILs predicted worse post-recurrence survival (hazard ratio, 2.94; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.41–6.13, p = 0.003), while increased TILs was associated with a better prognosis (HR, 0.12; 95% CI: 0.02–0.08, p = 0.04).

Conclusions
TILs decreased in metastatic tumours, particularly in patients who relapsed after adjuvant chemotherapy. Changes in TILs from primary to metastatic sites could be a prognostic factor after recurrence.
Association between atherogenic lipids and GnRH agonists for prostate cancer in men with T2DM: a nationwide, population-based cohort study in Sweden
Authors: Lin E. , Garmo Hans , Hagström Emil , Van Hemelrijck Mieke , Adolfsson Jan , Stattin Pär , Zethelius Björn , Crawley Danielle 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists (GnRH) used in prostate cancer (PCa) are associated with atherogenic dyslipidaemia. It can be assumed that GnRH need to be used with greater caution in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study investigated association of GnRH with atherogenic lipids (AL) in PCa men with T2DM.

Methods
Two cohorts including 38,311 men with 11 years follow-up based on Swedish national registers were defined (PCa-Exposure cohort and GnRH-Exposure cohort). Based on European guidelines on cardiovascular diseases (CVD), primary outcomes were defined as: 1.0 mmol/L increase in AL and lipid-lowering therapy (LLT) intensification. We used Cox proportional-hazards models and Kaplan–Meier curves to assess the association.

Results
There was an association between GnRH and increased AL (i.e., triglyceride, PCa-Exposure cohort: HR 1.77, 95% CI 1.48–2.10; GnRH-Exposure cohort: HR 1.88, 95% CI 1.38–2.57). There was also an association between PCa diagnosis and increased AL. In contrast, no association between LLT intensification and GnRH was found.

Conclusion
In this large population-based study, men with T2DM on GnRH for PCa had an increased risk of increased atherogenic lipids. These results highlight the need to closely monitor lipids and to be ready to intensify lipid-lowering therapy in men with T2DM on GnRH for PCa.
Endothelial cell-specific molecule 1 drives cervical cancer progression
Authors: Lu Jingjing , Liu Qin , Zhu Lixia , Liu Yuanyuan , Zhu Xiaoren , Peng Shiqing , Chen Minbin , Li Ping 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe expression, biological functions and underlying molecular mechanisms of endothelial cell-specific molecule 1 (ESM1) in human cervical cancer remain unclear. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that ESM1 expression was significantly elevated in human cervical cancer tissues, correlating with patients’ poor prognosis. Moreover, ESM1 mRNA and protein upregulation was detected in local cervical cancer tissues and various cervical cancer cells. In established and primary cervical cancer cells, ESM1 shRNA or CRISPR/Cas9-induced ESM1 KO hindered cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, in vitro cell migration and invasion, and induced significant apoptosis. Whereas ESM1 overexpression by a lentiviral construct accelerated proliferation and migration of cervical cancer cells. Further bioinformatics studies and RNA sequencing data discovered that ESM1-assocaited differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were enriched in PI3K-Akt and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) cascades. Indeed, PI3K-Akt cascade and expression of EMT-promoting proteins were decreased after ESM1 silencing in cervical cancer cells, but increased following ESM1 overexpression. Further studies demonstrated that SYT13 (synaptotagmin 13) could be a primary target gene of ESM1. SYT13 silencing potently inhibited ESM1-overexpression-induced PI3K-Akt cascade activation and cervical cancer cell migration/invasion. In vivo, ESM1 knockout hindered SiHa cervical cancer xenograft growth in mice. In ESM1-knockout xenografts tissues, PI3K-Akt inhibition, EMT-promoting proteins downregulation and apoptosis activation were detected. In conclusion, overexpressed ESM1 is important for cervical cancer growth in vitro and in vivo, possibly by promoting PI3K-Akt activation and EMT progression. ESM1 represents as a promising diagnostic marker and potential therapeutic target of cervical cancer.