bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Level-Specific Volumetric BMD Threshold Values for the Prediction of Incident Vertebral Fractures Using Opportunistic QCT: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Dieckmeyer Michael , Löffler Maximilian Thomas , El Husseini Malek , Sekuboyina Anjany , Menze Bjoern , Sollmann Nico , Wostrack Maria , Zimmer Claus , Baum Thomas , Kirschke Jan Stefan 
Published: May 2022

PurposeTo establish and evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) threshold values at different spinal levels, derived from opportunistic quantitative computed tomography (QCT), for the prediction of incident vertebral fractures (VF).Materials and MethodsIn this case-control study, 35 incident VF cases (23 women, 12 men; mean age: 67 years) and 70 sex- and age-matched controls were included, based on routine multi detector CT (MDCT) scans of the thoracolumbar spine. Trabecular vBMD was measured from routine baseline CT scans of the thoracolumbar spine using an automated pipeline including vertebral segmentation, asynchronous calibration for HU-to-vBMD conversion, and correction of intravenous contrast medium (https://anduin.bonescreen.de). Threshold values at T1-L5 were calculated for the optimal operating point according to the Youden index and for fixed sensitivities (60 – 85%) in receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.ResultsvBMD at each single level of the thoracolumbar spine was significantly associated with incident VFs (odds ratio per SD decrease [OR], 95% confidence interval [CI] at T1-T4: 3.28, 1.66–6.49; at T5-T8: 3.28, 1.72–6.26; at T9-T12: 3.37, 1.78–6.36; and at L1-L4: 3.98, 1.97–8.06), independent of adjustment for age, sex, and prevalent VF. AUC showed no significant difference between vertebral levels and was highest at the thoracolumbar junction (AUC = 0.75, 95%-CI = 0.63 - 0.85 for T11-L2). Optimal threshold values increased from lumbar (L1-L4: 52.0 mg/cm³) to upper thoracic spine (T1-T4: 69.3 mg/cm³). At T11-L2, T12-L3 and L1-L4, a threshold of 80.0 mg/cm³ showed sensitivities of 85 - 88%, and specificities of 41 - 49%. To achieve comparable sensitivity (85%) at more superior spinal levels, resulting thresholds were higher: 114.1 mg/cm³ (T1-T4), 92.0 mg/cm³ (T5-T8), 88.2 mg/cm³ (T9-T12).ConclusionsAt all levels of the thoracolumbar spine, lower vBMD was associated with incident VFs in an elderly, predominantly oncologic patient population. Automated opportunistic osteoporosis screening of vBMD along the entire thoracolumbar spine allows for risk assessment of imminent VFs. We propose level-specific vBMD threshold at the thoracolumbar spine to identify individuals at high fracture risk.
The Global Burden of Osteoporosis, Low Bone Mass, and Its Related Fracture in 204 Countries and Territories, 1990-2019
Authors: Shen Yuyan , Huang Xin , Wu Junyun , Lin Xiling , Zhou Xiao , Zhu Zhiang , Pan Xiaowen , Xu Jingya , Qiao Jie , Zhang Tianyue , Ye Linxia , Jiang Hongwei , Ren Yuezhong , Shan Peng-Fei 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundLow bone mineral density (LBMD), including osteoporosis and low bone mass, has becoming a serious public health concern. We aimed to estimate the disease burden of LBMD and its related fractures in 204 countries and territories over the past 30 years.MethodsWe collected detailed information and performed a secondary analysis for LBMD and its related fractures from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Numbers and age-standardized rates related to LBMD of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) and deaths in 204 countries and territories were compared by age, gender, socio-demographic index (SDI), and location.ResultsGlobal deaths and DALYs number attributable to LBMD increased from 207 367 and 8 588 936 in 1990 to 437 884 and 16 647 466 in 2019, with a raise of 111.16% and 93.82%, respectively. DALYs and deaths number of LBMD-related fractures increased 121.07% and 148.65% from 4 436 789 and 121248 in 1990 to 9 808 464 and 301 482 in 2019. In 2019, the five countries with the highest disease burden of DALYs number in LBMD-related fractures were India (2 510 288), China (1 839 375), United States of America (819 445), Japan (323 094), and Germany (297 944), accounting for 25.59%, 18.75%, 8.35%, 3.29%, and 3.04%. There was a quadratic correlation between socio-demographic index (SDI) and burden of LBMD-related fractures: DALYs rate was 179.985-420.435SDI+417.936SDI2(R2 = 0.188, p&lt;0.001); Deaths rate was 7.879-13.416SDI+8.839 SDI2(R2 = 0.101, p&lt;0.001).ConclusionsThe global burden of DALYs and deaths associated with LBMD and its related fractures has increased significantly since 1990. There were differences in disease burden between regions and countries. These estimations could be useful in priority setting, policy-making, and resource allocation in osteoporosis prevention and treatment.
MicroRNA Expression in Circulating Leukocytes and Bioinformatic Analysis of Patients With Moyamoya Disease
Authors: Kang Kaijiang , Shen Yuan , Zhang Qian , Lu Jingjing , Ju Yi , Ji Ruijun , Li Na , Wu Jianwei , Yang Bo , Lin Jinxi , Liang Xianhong , Zhang Dong , Zhao Xingquan 
Published: May 2022

Objective: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) in exosomes had been implicated differentially expressed in patient with moyamoya disease (MMD), but the miRNAs expression in circulating leukocytes remains unclear. This study was investigated on the differential expression of miRNAs in peripheral leukocytes between MMD patients and healthy adults, and among patients with subtypes of MMD.Materials and methods: A total of 30 patients with MMD and 10 healthy adults were enrolled in a stroke center from October 2017 to December 2018. The gene microarray was used to detect the differential expression profiles of miRNA in leukocytes between MMD patients and controls, and the differentially expressed miRNAs were verified by the method of real-time PCR. The Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were used to explore the key signaling pathways and possible pathogenesis of MMD.Results: The microarray results showed 12 differentially expressed miRNAs in leukocytes of MMD patients compared with controls (fold change &gt;2.0, p &lt; 0.05 and FDR &lt;0.05), of which 8 miRNAs were upregulated (miRNA-142-5p, miRNA-29b-3p, miRNA-424-5p, MiRNA-582-5p, miRNA-6807-5p, miRNA-142-3p, miRNA-340-5p, miRNA-4270), and 4 miRNAs were downregulated (miRNA-144-3p, miRNA-451a, miRNA-486-5p, miRNA-363-3p). The real-time PCR confirmed seven differentially expressed miRNAs (p &lt; 0.05), of which 4 miRNAs (miRNA-29b-3p, miRNA-142-3p, miRNA-340-5p, miRNA-582-5p) were upregulated, and 3 miRNAs (miRNA-363-3p, miRNA-451a and miRNA-486-5p) were downregulated. Both GO and KEGG analysis suggested that the Wnt signaling pathway may be involved in the pathogenesis of MMD. In addition, miRNAs were also differentially expressed among patients with subtypes of MMD.Conclusion: This study indicated that miRNAs are differentially expressed in peripheral leukocytes between MMD patients and healthy adults, and among patients with subtypes of MMD. The Wnt signaling pathway is probably involved in the pathogenesis of MMD.
The Genetic Spectrum of Familial Hypertriglyceridemia in Oman
Authors: Al-Waili Khalid , Al-Rasadi Khalid , Al-Bulushi Muna , Habais Mohammed , Al-Mujaini Abdullah , Al-Yaarubi Saif , Rimbert Antoine , Zadjali Razan , Khaniabadi Pegah Moradi , Al-Barwani Hamida , Hasary Sana , Al-Dahmani Zayana M. , Al-Badi Hala , Al-Maawali Almundher , Zadjali Fahad 
Published: May 2022

Familial hypertriglyceridemia (F-HTG) is an autosomal disorder that causes severe elevation of serum triglyceride levels. It is caused by genetic alterations in LPL, APOC2, APOA5, LMF1, and GPIHBP1 genes. The mutation spectrum of F-HTG in Arabic populations is limited. Here, we report the genetic spectrum of six families of F-HTG of Arab ancestry in Oman. Methods: six Omani families affected with triglyceride levels &gt;11.2 mmol/L were included in this study. Ampli-Seq sequencing of the selected gene panels was performed. Whole-exome sequencing and copy number variant analysis were also performed in cases with negative exome results. Three novel pathogenic missense variants in the LPL gene were identified, p.M328T, p.H229L, and p.S286G, along with a novel splice variant c.1322+15T &gt; G. The LPL p.H229L variant existed in double heterozygous mutation with the APOA5 gene p.V153M variant. One family had a homozygous mutation in the LMF1 gene (c.G107A; p.G36D) and a heterozygous mutation in the LPL gene (c.G106A; p.D36N). All affected subjects did not have a serum deficiency of LPL protein. Genetic analysis in one family did not show any pathogenic variants even after whole-exome sequencing. These novel LPL and APOA5 mutations are not reported in other ethnic groups. This suggests that patients with F-HTG in Oman have a founder effect and are genetically unique. This warrants further analysis of patients of F-HTG in the Middle East for preventative and counseling purposes to limit the spread of the disease in a population of high consanguinity.
Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Modified T Cell Immunotherapy for Relapsed and Refractory Adult Burkitt Lymphoma
Authors: Wu Jiaying , Cao Yang , Zhang Qi , Liu Wanying , Zhou Xiaoxi , Ming Xi , Meng Fankai , Zhang Yicheng , Li Chunrui , Huang Liang , Wei Jia , Zheng Miao , Zhang Shangkun , Zhang Tongcun , Zhu Xiaojian , Wang Na , Wang Jue , Wang Gaoxiang , Zhou Jianfeng , Liu Bo , Xiao Yi 
Published: May 2022

Patients with Burkitt lymphoma who are refractory to initial therapy or who relapse after undergoing intensive chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) usually have a poor prognosis. While there has been considerable progress in the use of chimeric antigen receptor-modified (CAR) T cell immunotherapy for the treatment of relapsed and refractory (r/r) malignancies, explicit data on adult patients with r/r Burkitt lymphoma are limited. We conducted two single-arm clinical trials to evaluate the clinical efficacy and toxicity of CD19/CD22 CAR T cell immunotherapy both alone (trial A) and in combination with ASCT (trial B) in adult patients with r/r Burkitt lymphoma. In total, 28 adult patients with r/r Burkitt lymphoma were enrolled [trial A (n = 15) and trial B (n = 13)]. The median doses of CD22 and CD19 CAR T cell infusions were 4.1 × 106/kg and 4.0 × 106/kg, respectively. Subsequently, after CAR T cell infusion, overall and complete responses were observed in 19 (67.9%) and 16 (57.1%) patients, respectively. The cumulative incidence rates of grade 2–4 cytokine release syndrome and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome were 39.3% (11/28) and 10.7% (3/28), respectively. After a median follow-up duration of 12.5 months, 16 patients (5 in trial A and 11 in trial B) survived. Both the estimated 1-year progression-free and overall survival rates were 55.6%. Our preliminary results indicated that salvage therapy with CD19/CD22 CAR T cell infusion alone and that in combination with ASCT are effective in treating some adult patients with r/r Burkitt lymphoma.
Neocalanus cristatus (Copepoda) From a Deep Sediment-Trap: Abundance and Implications for Ecological and Biogeochemical Studies
Authors: Ikenoue Takahito , Otosaka Shigeyoshi , Honda Makio C. , Kitamura Minoru , Mino Yoshihisa , Narita Hisashi , Kobayashi Takuya 
Published: May 2022

We studied seasonal variations of the mesozooplankton swimmer community collected by a sediment trap moored at 873 m in the Kuroshio–Oyashio Transition region off the east coast of Japan from 5 August 2011 to 23 June 2013, with sampling bottles rotating at 26-day intervals. The total flux of mesozooplankton swimmers varied between 0 and 11.1 individuals m–2 d–1, with a mean of 3.1 individuals m–2 d–1 during the sampling period. In total, 89 taxa were found in the trap material, of which copepods comprised 87.1% of all swimmers on average. Among the Copepoda, Neocalanus cristatus was the most dominant taxon (76.2% of copepods on average during the sampling period), and all of them were stage C5 copepodite to adult. The species composition of the swimmers closely reflected the mesopelagic mesozooplankton of the Oyashio region. Because all N. cristatus observed in the trap were stage C5 to adult, its flux represents a time series of variations in life history and response to environmental changes at the depth of the sediment trap. The fluxes of Neocalanus species (N. cristatus, N. flemingeri, and N. plumchrus) reflected ontogenetic vertical migration, but may have been overestimates of active fluxes if they included dormant individuals that accidentally entered the sediment trap. The apparent active carbon flux of Neocalanus species ranged from 0 to 22.3 mg C m–2 d–1 during the sampling period, with a mean value of 4.9 mg C m–2 d–1.
The Impact of Telemedicine on Rheumatology Care
Authors: Tang Wei , Inzerillo Sean , Weiner Julia , Khalili Leila , Barasch Julia , Gartshteyn Yevgeniya , Dall'Era Maria , Aranow Cynthia , Mackay Meggan , Askanase Anca 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundThe pandemic disrupted the care of patients with rheumatic diseases; difficulties in access to care and its psychological impact affected quality of life. Telemedicine as an alternative to traditional face-to-face office visits has the potential to mitigate this impact.ObjectiveTo evaluate patient and provider experience with telemedicine and its effect on care.MethodsWe surveyed patients with rheumatic diseases and their rheumatology providers. The surveys were conducted in 2020 and repeated in 2021. We assessed data on quality of care and health-related quality of life.ResultsHundred patients and 17 providers responded to the survey. Patients reported higher satisfaction with telemedicine in 2021 compared to 2020 (94 vs. 84%), felt more comfortable with (96 vs. 86%), expressed a stronger preference for (22 vs. 16%), and higher intention to use telemedicine in the future (83 vs. 77%); patients thought physicians were able to address their concerns. While providers' satisfaction with telemedicine increased (18–76%), 14/17 providers believed that telemedicine visits were worse than in-person visits. There were no differences in annualized office visits and admissions. Mean EQ-5D score was 0.74, lower than general population (0.87) but equivalent to a subset of patients with SLE (0.74).ConclusionOur data showed a high level of satisfaction with telemedicine. The lower rheumatology provider satisfaction raises concern if telemedicine constitutes an acceptable alternative to in-person care. The stable number of office visits, admissions, and the similar quality of life to pre-pandemic level suggest effective management of rheumatic diseases using telemedicine/in-person hybrid care.
Quantitative Computed Tomography Parameters in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients and Prediction of Respiratory Outcomes Using a Decision Tree
Authors: Kang Jieun , Kang Jiyeon , Seo Woo Jung , Park So Hee , Kang Hyung Koo , Park Hye Kyeong , Song Je Eun , Kwak Yee Gyung , Chang Jeonghyun , Kim Sollip , Kim Ki Hwan , Park Junseok , Choe Won Joo , Lee Sung-Soon , Koo Hyeon-Kyoung 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundChest computed tomography (CT) scans play an important role in the diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study aimed to describe the quantitative CT parameters in COVID-19 patients according to disease severity and build decision trees for predicting respiratory outcomes using the quantitative CT parameters.MethodsPatients hospitalized for COVID-19 were classified based on the level of disease severity: (1) no pneumonia or hypoxia, (2) pneumonia without hypoxia, (3) hypoxia without respiratory failure, and (4) respiratory failure. High attenuation area (HAA) was defined as the quantified percentage of imaged lung volume with attenuation values between −600 and −250 Hounsfield units (HU). Decision tree models were built with clinical variables and initial laboratory values (model 1) and including quantitative CT parameters in addition to them (model 2).ResultsA total of 387 patients were analyzed. The mean age was 57.8 years, and 50.3% were women. HAA increased as the severity of respiratory outcome increased. HAA showed a moderate correlation with lactate dehydrogenases (LDH) and C-reactive protein (CRP). In the decision tree of model 1, the CRP, fibrinogen, LDH, and gene Ct value were chosen as classifiers whereas LDH, HAA, fibrinogen, vaccination status, and neutrophil (%) were chosen in model 2. For predicting respiratory failure, the decision tree built with quantitative CT parameters showed a greater accuracy than the model without CT parameters.ConclusionsThe decision tree could provide higher accuracy for predicting respiratory failure when quantitative CT parameters were considered in addition to clinical characteristics, PCR Ct value, and blood biomarkers.
Identifying Cognitive Impairment in Elderly Using Coupling Functions Between Cerebral Oxyhemoglobin and Arterial Blood Pressure
Authors: Li Wenhao , Qu Guanwen , Huo Congcong , Hu Xiaoling , Xu Gongcheng , Li Huiyuan , Zhang Jingsha , Li Zengyong 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundThis study aimed to assess brain oxygenation status and cerebral autoregulation function in subjects with cognitive dysfunction.MethodsThe Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was applied to divide the subjects into three groups: cognitive impairment (Group CI, 72.50 ± 10.93 y), mild cognitive impairment (Group MCI, 72.02 ± 9.90 y), and normal cognition (Group NC, 70.72 ± 7.66 y). Near-infrared spectroscopy technology and a non-invasive blood pressure device were used to simultaneously measure changes in cerebral tissue oxygenation signals in the bilateral prefrontal lobes (LPFC/RPFC) and arterial blood pressure (ABP) signals from subjects in the resting state (15 min). The coupling between ABP and cerebral oxyhemoglobin concentrations (Δ [O2Hb]) was calculated in very-low-frequency (VLF, 0.02–0.07 Hz) and low-frequency (LF, 0.07–0.2 Hz) bands based on the dynamical Bayesian inference approach. Pearson correlation analyses were used to study the relationships between MoCA scores, tissue oxygenation index, and strength of coupling function.ResultsIn the interval VLF, Group CI (p = 0.001) and Group MCI (p = 0.013) exhibited significantly higher coupling strength from ABP to Δ [O2Hb] in the LPFC than Group NC. In the interval LF, coupling strength from ABP to Δ [O2Hb] in the LPFC was significantly higher in Group CI than in Group NC (p = 0.001). Pearson correlation results showed that MoCA scores had a significant positive correlation with the tissue oxygenation index and a significant negative correlation with the coupling strength from ABP to Δ [O2Hb].ConclusionThe significantly increased coupling strength may be evidence of impaired cerebral autoregulation function in subjects with cognitive dysfunction. The Pearson correlation results suggest that indicators of brain oxygenation status and cerebral autoregulation function can reflect cognitive function. This study provides insights into the mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of cognitive impairment and provides objective indicators for screening cognitive impairment in the elderly population.
Effect of High Ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFAs on Depression: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies
Authors: Wang Yuanyuan , Dong Lirong , Pan Da , Xu Dengfeng , Lu Yifei , Yin Shiyu , Wang Shaokang , Xia Hui , Liao Wang , Sun Guiju 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveThe aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the association between high ratio of n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and depression.MethodsThe authors conducted a meta-analysis of research articles on the association of high ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFAs with the risk of depression published in the online article database on PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library as of December 2021. Pooled odds ratios (OR) were calculated using random effects models. Publication bias was assessed visually by funnel plots and statistically by the Egger’s and Begg’s tests.ResultsFinally, 12 studies included in this systematic review and meta-analysis with a total of 66,317 participants (including 4,173 individuals with depression condition). The pooled results showed that high ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFAs might be positively associated with depression [OR = 1.21, 95% confidence intervals (CIs): 1.04∼1.41]. The I2 test indicated that there was a substantial statistical heterogeneity across the included studies (I2 = 54.38%, P = 0.01). Subgroup analysis showed that high ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFAs in blood had no significant association with depression (OR = 1.15, 95%CI: 0.88∼1.50), while high ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFAs in dietary supplements was positively associated with depression (OR = 1.32, 95%CI: 1.16∼1.51).ConclusionThis meta-analysis confirmed the association between high ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFAs and the risk of depression. High ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFAs in dietary supplementation was positively associated with depression, but had no significant association in the blood. This study suggested that lowering the dietary intake of the ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFAs would be beneficial in the prevention of depression.
Dietary Magnesium Intake Ameliorates the Association Between Household Pesticide Exposure and Type 2 Diabetes: Data From NHANES, 2007–2018
Authors: Huang Jungao , Hu Liqin , Yang Juan 
Published: May 2022

Aims/HypothesisThis study aimed to explore whether household pesticide exposure in the general population increased the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and whether intake of dietary magnesium could lower type 2 diabetes from household pesticide exposure.MethodsFor this cross-sectional study, we obtained the data of 9,187 United States adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, 2007–2018. Participants were subdivided into two groups based on the amount of daily dietary magnesium in the population: low group: &lt;175 mg/day and high group: ≥175 mg/day. Using multivariable logistic regression analysis, we evaluated the relationship between pesticide exposure in the home and type 2 diabetes.ResultsCompared to those unexposed at home, individuals who were exposed to pesticides in their households had a relatively higher odds ratio for type 2 diabetes (OR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.04–1.44). The association of pesticide exposure in the home with the incidence of type 2 diabetes was different for low and high dietary magnesium groups, OR = 1.66, 95% Cl: 1.19-2.33 vs. OR = 1.1, 95% Cl: 0.92–1.32, respectively. An interaction (P = 0.035) between household pesticide exposure and magnesium intake, suggested that high dietary magnesium intake may reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes from pesticide exposure.ConclusionsHousehold pesticide exposure in the general population is associated with an elevated risk of type 2 diabetes. We report for the first time possible clinical relevance in that high magnesium intake may ameliorate the increased risk of type 2 diabetes from pesticide exposure.