bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mining industrial materials as heterogeneous catalyst for high value‐added cyclic carbonates production from CO2
Authors: Kanteler Christos , García‐Zubiri Íñigo X. , Pérez Pilar , Sopeña Sergio , Viciano Mónica 
Published: November 2022

AbstractChemical fixation of CO2 and its utilization as C1 building block into fine chemicals are among key areas of research to mitigate greenhouse gas effect. The catalysts requirement to form cyclic organic carbonates by coupling reaction between CO2 and epoxides is a well‐stablished strategy for CO2 fixation. In this work, this coupling reaction has been investigated using a catalytic system comprised by a selected industrial mining raw material, with potential valorization interest, and a commercial cocatalyst. Herein, industrial mining raw materials are explored as a renewable, recyclable, nontoxic, cheap, and ready‐available catalysts for the transformation of CO2 into highly valuable products such as cyclic carbonates. Initial experiments with the mining materials and alternative by‐products of industrial valorization interest were carried out using propylene oxide (OP) as an initial selected oxirane. The most active raw materials were fully characterized to study their morphology, composition, and surface hydroxyl groups to determine active basic sites as novel heterogeneous base catalysts. The achieved yield of cyclic carbonate in these preliminary experiments was observed in the range of 37–85% for the different tested catalysts. In the case of the most active by‐product used as catalyst (Sulfamag), propylene carbonate reached the yield of 85% as a higher result obtained under mild conditions. Sulfamag was selected to optimize reaction conditions, including the study of different cocatalysts. Moreover, coupling reactions between CO2 and other aliphatic and aromatic epoxides were also performed efficiently for Sulfamag, showing yields between 71 and 91% and selectivity of 99% under mild conditions, demonstrating their potential as a renewable raw material solid‐based heterogeneous catalyst in the synthesis of different cyclic carbonates from CO2 and epoxides. Furthermore, Sulfamag showed high recycling efficiency in a test of four cycles and the deactivation of catalyst was compared with commercially available MgO. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neural mechanisms of background and velocity effects in smooth pursuit eye movements
Authors: Schröder Rebekka , Keidel Kristof , Trautner Peter , Radbruch Alexander , Ettinger Ulrich 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSmooth pursuit eye movements (SPEM) are essential to guide behaviour in complex visual environments. SPEM accuracy is known to be degraded by the presence of a structured visual background and at higher target velocities. The aim of this preregistered study was to investigate the neural mechanisms of these robust behavioural effects. N = 33 participants performed a SPEM task with two background conditions (present and absent) at two target velocities (0.4 and 0.6 Hz). Eye movement and BOLD data were collected simultaneously. Both the presence of a structured background and faster target velocity decreased pursuit gain and increased catch‐up saccade rate. Faster targets additionally increased position error. Higher BOLD response with background was found in extensive clusters in visual, parietal, and frontal areas (including the medial frontal eye fields; FEF) partially overlapping with the known SPEM network. Faster targets were associated with higher BOLD response in visual cortex and left lateral FEF. Task‐based functional connectivity analyses (psychophysiological interactions; PPI) largely replicated previous results in the basic SPEM network but did not yield additional information regarding the neural underpinnings of the background and velocity effects. The results show that the presentation of visual background stimuli during SPEM induces activity in a widespread visuo‐parieto‐frontal network including areas contributing to cognitive aspects of oculomotor control such as medial FEF, whereas the response to higher target velocity involves visual and motor areas such as lateral FEF. Therefore, we were able to propose for the first time different functions of the medial and lateral FEF during SPEM.
Spatial variation of grassland canopy affects soil wetting patterns and preferential flow
Authors: Demir Gökben , Michalzik Beate , Filipzik Janett , Metzger Johanna Clara , Hildebrandt Anke 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCanopies shape net precipitation patterns, which are spatially heterogeneous and control soil moisture response to rainfall. The vast majority of studies on canopy water fluxes were conducted in forests. In contrast, grassland canopies are often assumed to be spatially homogeneous, therefore likely not inducing patches of heterogeneity at and below the soil surface. However, some studies on short‐structured vegetation, such as grasslands, proposed the importance of canopy‐induced heterogeneity for net precipitation. Still, systematic investigations on the effects on soil wetting patterns are missing. Therefore, in this study, we investigated soil moisture response to rainfall in a managed temperate grassland by exploring the individual impacts of spatially varying throughfall, vegetation height, and antecedent soil moisture status on the soil wetting patterns. We applied linear mixed effects models to disentangle the role of grassland canopy versus abiotic drivers. The spatial average soil water response showed diminishing water amounts stored in the upper parts of the soil as the growing season progressed and the soils dried, indicating bypass flow. Spatial variation of grass height was a significant driver of soil wetting patterns along with precipitation and antecedent soil moisture status. Soil wetting was suppressed in locations with tall canopies, although surprisingly, this was not directly related to throughfall patterns. Instead, our results suggest that seasonally drier conditions and the spatial difference in grass development amplify fast flow processes. Ultimately, our results confirm that spatial variation of the canopy affects soil moisture wetting patterns not only in forests but indicate a strong influence of preferential flow on soil water patterns in managed grassland as well.
NGLY1 Deficiency: A Rare Genetic Disorder Unlocks Therapeutic Potential for Common Diseases
Authors: Walber Simon , Partalidou Georgia , Gerling‐Driessen Ulla I. M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe enzyme catalysing the removal of N‐linked glycans from misfolded glycoproteins in the cytosol is an evolutionary well‐conserved glycanase called Peptide:N‐glycanase (PNGase; NGLY1 in humans). NGLY1 hydrolyses the amide bond between an Asn and the proximal N‐acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) of the attached N‐glycan, thereby converting that particular Asn to Asp. Loss of NGLY1 due to heterozygous‐inactivating mutations cause a rare congenital disorder with a multisystemic clinical phenotype. Since the first case report in 2012, extensive research aiming at understanding the pathophysiology of the disease, revealed several crucial biological functions and pathways that involve NGLY1. Here, we highlight the research progress of the past decade. A special emphasis is given to the important role that NGLY1 plays in the transactivation of the transcription factor (NFE2L1; NRF1) that regulates many processes of cellular homeostasis, including proteasome bounce back and oxidative stress response.
Approach to urethral obstruction in cats. Part 3: addressing underlying concerns and preventing recurrence
Authors: Breheny Craig , McPeake Kevin , Miele Amy , Gunn‐Moore Danièlle 
Published: November 2022

Background: The management of cats with urethral obstruction does not end in the clinic. Unless the underlying cause of urethral obstruction is addressed, this problem is likely to recur and this requires a multimodal approach that includes a behavioural assessment and evaluation of the cat's home environment.Aim of the article: This is the final article in a three‐part series on urethral obstruction in cats. This article focuses on home management to prevent recurrent obstruction, and on addressing underlying feline idiopathic cystitis. The first article discussed presentation and stabilisation, while the second summarised urethral catheterisation and immediate postcatheterisation management.
Overview of TFAST and AFAST: point‐of‐care ultrasounds and how to perform them
Authors: Lewis Dan , Bassolino Serena 
Published: November 2022

Background: Assessment of emergency patients can be fraught with difficulty. The adoption of certain, straightforward ultrasound techniques can add vital information to assist veterinary surgeons with both initial triage and disease progression.Aim of the article: This article aims to provide an introductory guide to performing point‐of‐care ultrasound for veterinary practitioners, as well as detailing some of the diagnostic information that can be obtained.
p62 bodies: Phase separation, NRF2 activation, and selective autophagic degradation
Authors: Komatsu Masaaki 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWhen p62/Sequestosome‐1 binds to a ubiquitinated protein, it undergoes liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) and forms a membraneless organelle, p62 body. There are two major physiological functions of the p62 body. One is effective autophagic degradation of ubiquitinated proteins and the other is antioxidant stress response, both of which contribute to cellular homeostasis. In this review, I review the history of p62 research in relation to autophagy and outline the formation, degradation, and physiological functions of the p62 body.
Obeticholic acid improved triptolide/lipopolysaccharide‐induced hepatotoxicity by inhibiting caspase‐11‐GSDMD pyroptosis pathway
Authors: Liang Peishi , Zhou Shaoyun , Yuan Ziqiao , Zhang Luyong , Jiang Zhenzhou , Yu Qinwei 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study was designed to investigate the potential role of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) in abnormal bile acid metabolism and pyroptosis during the pathogenesis of triptolide (TP)/lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced hepatotoxicity. Moreover, the protective effect of obeticholic acid (OCA) was explored under this condition. In vivo, female C57BL/6 mice were administrated with OCA (40 mg/kg bw, intragastrical injection) before (500 μg/kg bw, intragastrical injection)/LPS (0.1 mg/kg bw, intraperitoneal injection) administration. In vitro, AML12 cells were treated with TP (50 nM) and TNF‐α (50 ng/ml) to induce hepatotoxicity; GW4064 (5 μM) and cholestyramine (CHO) (0.1 mg/ml and 0.05 mg/ml) were introduced to explain the role of FXR/total bile acid (TBA) in it. Serum TBA level was significantly elevated, which was induced by FXR suppression. And both GW4064 and CHO intervention presented remarkable protective effects against TP/TNF‐α‐induced NLRP3 upregulation and pyroptosis pathway activation. Pre‐administration of FXR agonist OCA successfully attenuated TP/LPS‐induced severe liver injury by reducing serum bile acids accumulation and inhibiting the activation of caspase‐11‐GSDMD (gasdermin D) pyroptosis pathway. We have drawn conclusions that TP aggravated liver hypersensitivity to LPS and inhibited FXR‐SHP (small heterodimer partner) axis, which was served as endogenous signals to activate caspase‐11‐GSDMD‐mediated pyroptosis contributing to liver injury. OCA alleviated TP/LPS‐induced liver injury accompanied by inhibiting caspase‐11‐GSDMD‐mediated pyroptosis pathway and decreased serum TBA level. The results indicated that FXR might be an attractive therapeutic target for TP/LPS‐induced hepatotoxicity, providing an effective strategy for drug‐induced liver injury.
Front Cover
Authors: Lee Yong‐Jae , Park Eunwoo , Park Kwan Seob , Lim Jun‐Hyuk , Kim Sungmin , Kim Myung‐Sun , Eom Tae Joong 
Published: November 2022

Histological analysis is widely used to evaluate injured tendons; however, it has the limitation of being semi‐quantitative. Hence, a quantification method to objectively evaluate the fibrous structure of tendons was developed with exhibiting the optical property of birefringence by using polarization‐sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS‐OCT). The phase retardation images was quantified according to the degree of repetition of the period. The obtained frequency value of the peak from the Fourier transform of the periodic pattern in the phase retardation image indicates the degree of the structural arrangement of collagen fibers. The better the arrangement of the collagen fibers results the higher the frequency values, and a disordered collagen fiber architecture results in a lower repetition frequency value. The scoring method well represented the fibrous structural changes of the injured Achilles tendon according to the wound healing state with a partial‐rupture rat model. Further details can be found in the article by Yong‐Jae Lee, Eunwoo Park, Kwan Seob Park, Jun‐Hyuk Lim, Sungmin Kim, Myung‐Sun Kim, and Tae Joong Eom (e202200065).image
Production of alginates with high viscosifying power and molecular weight by using the AT9 strain of Azotobacter vinelandii in batch cultures under different oxygen transfer conditions
Authors: Medina Abraham , Castillo Tania , Flores Celia , Núñez Cinthia , Galindo Enrique , Peña Carlos 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlginate is a polysaccharide constituted by β‐d‐mannuronic acid and α‐l‐guluronic which has several applications in the field of tissue engineering, drug delivery and other biomedical applications. This study aimed to evaluate the production, molecular weight (MW) and viscosifying power of the alginate produced by the strain AT9 cultured in a 3‐L reactor, under three different oxygen transfer rates (OTR).ResultsAn increase in the OTRmax, in the range of 3.6–12.4 mmol L−1 h−1 promoted cellular growth and alginate production in the cultures, reaching a specific growth rate of 0.14 h−1 and a maximal alginate concentration of 2.9 g L−1 in cultures developed at 12.4 mmol L−1 h−1. By contrast, at low OTR (3.6 mmol L−1 h−1) a maximal molecular weight of 2927 kDa was obtained and at high OTRmax (12.4 mmol L−1 h−1) the maximal acetylation degree (2–3%) was reached. As a result of the higher acetylation of the alginate, the viscosifying power was the highest (3.16 L g−1).ConclusionOverall, our results indicate that by controlling the OTRmax it is possible to manipulate the MW, the acetylation degree and the viscosifying power of bacterial alginates produced by strain AT9. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Development of recombinant adenovirus vector herpes zoster vaccine production process using perfusion strategy with tangential flow filtration system
Authors: Sun Yang , Feng Kai , Nie Jianqi , Huang Lingling , Liu Yupeng , Bai Zhonghu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDHerpes zoster (HZ) causes painful skin and nerve lesions, and its most frequent complication is postherpetic neuralgia. Currently, vaccination is recommended to decrease the incidence of HZ, and cost‐effective vaccine production strategies are required to produce low‐cost vaccines. Perfusion cultivation is now a common trend for increasing bioreactor productivity and overcoming nutritional limitations. The tangential flow filtration (TFF) system has proven to be suitable for perfusion cultures of mammalian cells. However, perfusion cultivation exponentially increases medium consumption, and a proper perfusion strategy should be developed to supply nutrition and save medium at the same time.RESULTSIn this study, an HEK 293 cell‐based recombinant adenovirus vector herpes zoster (rAdV‐HZ) vaccine production process was developed using a novel TFF perfusion system. First, the perfusion start time, perfusion rate, and glutamine concentration were investigated in shake flasks to increase the cell density with an economical perfusion strategy. Then, the key process parameters (cell concentration at infection, multiplicity of infection, and virus production media) of the rAdV‐HZ production process were optimized using the design of experiments approach, and the robust setpoint and design space of the key process parameters were obtained. Finally, the process parameters at the robust setpoint were successfully scaled up to a 7 L bioreactor with a novel TFF system, yielding an rAdV‐HZ titer of 1.7 × 1010 infectious units mL−1.CONCLUSIONThis study can serve as a baseline for developing an economical perfusion strategy for the large‐scale production of recombinant adenovirus vector‐based vaccines. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Gendered dynamics of state‐led smallholder commercialisation in Ghana. The case of Nkoranza traditional area
Authors: Kugbega Selorm Kobla , Andersson Djurfeldt Agnes 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCommercial smallholder production is touted as a mechanism for reducing rural poverty and transforming African agriculture. In line with this ideology, the Ghanaian state introduced two policies to provide incentives for commercial food and tree crop cultivation among smallholder farmers. Policy implementation is done in a blanket manner without considerations of gendered differences in agricultural asset distribution, such as land, and the particular sociocultural opportunities and constraints men and women face in undertaking commercial production. The paper investigates these gendered trajectories using a qualitative methodology. Results reveal the varied nature of women's constraints and related levels of vulnerability. Although native women are structurally disadvantaged in commercial food crop production, tree crop commercialisation presents an opportunity for them to reclaim dormant land rights safeguarded by their male kin. These results provide perspective for considering gender‐sensitive agricultural incentives as well as potential for leveraging on the tree crop sector for attaining gender neutrality.
The social contract in Egypt, Lebanon and Tunisia: What do the people want?
Authors: Loewe Markus , Albrecht Holger 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis article investigates the demand side of social contracts. It asks what people expect from their governments. Drawing on original, nationally representative surveys in Egypt, Tunisia and Lebanon, it explores popular preferences for the three possible government deliverables in social contracts: provision of social and economic services, protection from physical harm and political participation. Findings reveal that citizens expect governments to deliver all three ‘Ps’ (even if this costs a price), yet preferring provision over protection and participation if they have to prioritize. Findings do not show robust preferences among social groups identified by economic, gender, educational and communal differences.
Crop appropriation, labour supply, and demand for farm inputs: Evidence from Nigeria
Authors: Soneye Olurotimi O. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCrop appropriation occurs when portions of a farmer's crops are taken by individuals to whom she has no contractual obligation. While it is a reality in rural areas across developing countries, its economics has barely received attention. This paper uses data from Nigerian women farmers whom local patriarchal norms have typically had as crop owners rather than landowners to explore the question of how crop appropriation might affect levels of engagement in agriculture. I find the phenomenon to induce less time farming, greater participation in off‐farm employment, and lower demand for farm inputs.
Realizing the Switching of Optoelectronic Memory and Ultrafast Detector in Functionalized‐Black Phosphorus/MoS2 Heterojunction
Authors: Liu Chang , Ding Shuimei , Tian Qianlei , Hong Xitong , Su Wanhan , Tang Lin , Wang Liming , Zhang Mingliang , Liu Xingqiang , Lv Yawei , Ho Johnny C. , Liao Lei , Zou Xuming 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA single device with switchable functions is highly attractive to the growing demands of complex optoelectronics. However, most of the currently reported devices either exhibit a lack of multifunction operation or require complex electrode configurations with limited performances. Here, a new concept of a functionalized‐black phosphorus (f‐BP)/MoS2 heterojunction is proposed, which enables the coexistence of an optoelectronic memory and a detector in a single device. The oxidation‐induced artificial‐traps on the BP surface result in a gate‐modulated photogating effect, so that the device can be freely switched between memory and detector by simply changing the back‐gate voltage. In the memory model, the device has an ultra‐long storage time (10 years), an ultra‐high on/off ratio (3.5 × 107), and outstanding multi‐bit storage (≈90 states), while in the detector model, the device still exhibits a fast response (130/260 µs), an impressive responsivity (22.2 A W−1), and self‐driven broadband detection (ultraviolet to near‐infrared). Most importantly, the highly anisotropic BP enables fast NIR polarization resolution with a maximum polarization ratio of 6.98 at 1064 nm.
The determinants of Black quarterback pay in the National Football League
Authors: Berri David , Farnell Alex , Simmons Robert 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper seeks to econometrically determine differences in salary returns to attributes of quarterbacks in the National Football League (NFL), by race. We analyse salary determination of 215 White and Black quarterbacks over 2006 through 2020 with separate equations estimated for each group. Our analysis indicates that top draft pick evaluations persist into future pay setting for each group. However, there is a faster rate of decay of early draft round salary premium for Black quarterbacks. This is found to be robust across different estimations. This result is indicative of differential treatment in pay setting for Black quarterbacks.
Employing inverse Class‐E power amplifier series output filter in parallel Doherty power amplifier
Authors: Sheikhi Akram , Hemesi Hossein , Grebennikov Andrei 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this paper, a Doherty power amplifier based on an inverse Class‐E amplifier with a series output filter are presented. The proposed inverse Class‐E amplifier has been designed and simulated using lumped elements and transmission lines (TL), respectively. The high‐performance simulation results of TL inverse Class‐E PA with an output power of 46.2 dBm, peak drain efficiency of 71%, and a power gain of 27 dB at an input power 18 dBm have been obtained. Finally, the Doherty power amplifier (DPA) based on the inverse Class‐E power amplifier with some asymmetry in two paths has been designed and implemented. Implementation of both carrier and peaking amplifiers with an inverse Class‐E load network can provide an increase in the efficiency and improvement of harmonic suppression levels. Maximum drain efficiencies of 69.3% and 54% at maximum output power level (50 dBm) and 7‐dB back‐off power level (43 dBm) have been measured, respectively.
Optically remote‐controlled miniaturized 3D reconfigurable CRLH‐printed MIMO antenna array for 5G applications
Authors: Al‐khaylani Hayder H. , Elwi Taha A. , Ibrahim Abdullahi A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA reconfigurable MIMO antenna array of a three‐dimensional geometry that is operating at sub‐6 GHz for 5G applications. The proposed antenna array provides a wideband with excellent matching impedance, S11 ≤ −10 dB, from 3.1 to 5.75 GHz. The proposed MIMO array is constructed from four antenna elements arranged on a cubical structure to provide a low mutual coupling, below −20 dB, over all frequency bands of interest. Each antenna element is excited with a coplanar waveguide. The proposed radiation patterns are controlled with two optical switches of light‐dependent resistors (LDRs). The antenna array is tested in terms of S‐parameters and radiation patterns. The maximum gain is found to be 3.6, 6.9, and 3.5 dBi at 3.6, 3.9, and 4.9 GHz, respectively. It is realized that the proposed array realizes a significant beam forming by splitting the antenna beam and changing the main lobe direction at 3.9 GHz after changing LDR switching statuses.