bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Cardiac Dysfunction in Malawian Children With Severe Febrile Illness*
Authors: Bensman Rachel S. , Berrens Zachary , Mkaliainga Treasure , Banda Blessings , Puri Kriti , Sanyahumbi Amy , Byczkowski Terri , Eckerle Michelle 
Published: May 2022

OBJECTIVES:
To investigate the prevalence of left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) in Malawian children with severe febrile illness and to explore associations between LVSD and mortality and lactate levels.

DESIGN:
Prospective observational study.

SETTING:
Pediatric ward of a tertiary government referral hospital in Malawi.

PATIENTS:
Children between 60 days and 10 years old with severe febrile illness (fever with at least one sign of impaired perfusion plus altered mentation or respiratory distress) were enrolled at admission from October 2017 to February 2018.

INTERVENTIONS:
Focused cardiac ultrasound (FoCUS) was performed, and serum lactate was measured for each child at enrollment, with repeat FoCUS the following day. LV systolic function was later categorized as normal, reduced, severely reduced, or hyperdynamic by two pediatric cardiologists blinded to clinical course and outcomes.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
Fifty-four children were enrolled. LVSD was present in 14 children (25.9%; 95% CI, 15.4–40.3%), of whom three had severely reduced function. Thirty patients (60%) had a lactate greater than 2.5 mmol/L, of which 20 (40%) were markedly elevated (>5 mmol/L). Ten children died during admission (18.5%). Of children who survived, 22.7% had decreased LV systolic function versus 40% of those who died. Dysfunction was not associated with mortality or elevated lactate.

CONCLUSIONS:
Cardiac dysfunction may be present in one in four Malawian children with severe febrile illness, and mortality in these patients is especially high. Larger studies are needed to further clarify the role cardiac dysfunction plays in mortality and integrate practical bedside assessments for decision support around individualized resuscitation strategies.
Scleroderma and Raynaud Phenomenon: The Cold Truth Regarding the Use of Operative Management
Authors: Hakami Lee M. , Forster Grace L. , Jones Marieke K. , DeGeorge Brent R. 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Raynaud phenomenon, with and without scleroderma, is a common vasospastic condition that manifests with extremity pain and skin discoloration. When conservative management fails, complications such as ischemia, ulceration, and gangrene may warrant surgical intervention. The purpose of this study was to determine the risk factors and use of surgical intervention in this population.

Methods:
A national insurance claims–based database with patient records from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services was used for data collection. Patients with first diagnoses of Raynaud phenomenon, scleroderma, or both between 2005 and 2014 were identified. Primary outcomes included the presence of upper extremity amputation or vascular procedure, and history of amputation within 5 years of a vascular procedure. Secondary outcomes included hospital admissions, upper extremity wounds, and amputation within 1 year of diagnosis.

Results:
The Raynaud phenomenon, scleroderma, and Raynaud phenomenon with scleroderma cohorts consisted of 161,300, 117,564, and 25,096 patients, respectively. A diagnosis of both Raynaud phenomenon and scleroderma increased the odds of upper extremity amputation by 5.4-fold, vascular procedure by 4.8-fold, and amputation within 5 years of a vascular procedure by 1.5-fold. Patients with Raynaud phenomenon or scleroderma alone were 3.1 and 5.6 times less likely to undergo amputation within 5 years of a vascular procedure, respectively.

Conclusions:
Patients with both Raynaud phenomenon and scleroderma have higher likelihoods of having upper extremity amputations, vascular procedures, and amputations following vascular procedures compared to each diagnosis alone. Vascular procedures are rarely being performed. Further research is necessary to establish a standard of care and determine whether early and more frequent intervention with vascular procedures can decrease amputation rates in this patient population.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Risk, II.
PET Imaging of Dementia
Authors: Burkett Brian J. , Babcock Jeffrey C. , Lowe Val J. , Graff-Radford Jonathan , Subramaniam Rathan M. , Johnson Derek R. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
PET imaging plays an essential role in achieving earlier and more specific diagnoses of dementia syndromes, important for clinical prognostication and optimal medical management. This has become especially vital with the recent development of pathology-specific disease-modifying therapy for Alzheimer disease, which will continue to evolve and require methods to select appropriate treatment candidates. Techniques that began as research tools such as amyloid and tau PET have now entered clinical use, making nuclear medicine physicians and radiologists essential members of the care team. This review discusses recent changes in the understanding of dementia and examines the roles of nuclear medicine imaging in clinical practice. Within this framework, multiple cases will be shown to illustrate a systematic approach of FDG PET interpretation and integration of PET imaging of specific molecular pathology including dopamine transporters, amyloid, and tau. The approach presented here incorporates contemporary understanding of both common and uncommon dementia syndromes, intended as an updated practical guide to assist with the sophisticated interpretation of nuclear medicine examinations in the context of this rapidly and continually developing area of imaging.
Combined 18F-FDG PET/CT Radiomics and Sarcopenia Score in Predicting Relapse-Free Survival and Overall Survival in Patients With Esophagogastric Cancer
Authors: Anconina Reut , Ortega Claudia , Metser Ur , Liu Zhihui Amy , Elimova Elena , Allen Michael , Darling Gail E. , Wong Rebecca , Taylor Kirsty , Yeung Jonathan , Chen Eric X. , Swallow Carol J. , Jang Raymond W. , Veit-Haibach Patrick 
Published: May 2022

Purpose
The aim of this study was to determine if radiomic features combined with sarcopenia measurements on pretreatment 18F-FDG PET/CT can improve outcome prediction in surgically treated adenocarcinoma esophagogastric cancer patients.

Patients and Methods
One hundred forty-five esophageal adenocarcinoma patients with curative therapeutic intent and available pretreatment 18F-FDG PET/CT were included. Textural features from PET and CT images were evaluated using LIFEx software (lifexsoft.org). Sarcopenia measurements were done by measuring the Skeletal Muscle Index at L3 level on the CT component. Univariable and multivariable analyses were conducted to create a model including the radiomic parameters, clinical features, and Skeletal Muscle Index score to predict patients’ outcome.

Results
In multivariable analysis, we combined clinicopathological parameters including ECOG, surgical T, and N staging along with imaging derived sarcopenia measurements and radiomic features to build a predictor model for relapse-free survival and overall survival. Overall, adding sarcopenic status to the model with clinical features only (likelihood ratio test P = 0.03) and CT feature (P = 0.0037) improved the model fit for overall survival. Similarly, adding sarcopenic status (P = 0.051), CT feature (P = 0.042), and PET feature (P = 0.011) improved the model fit for relapse-free survival.

Conclusions
PET and CT radiomics derived from combined PET/CT integrated with clinicopathological parameters and sarcopenia measurement might improve outcome prediction in patients with nonmetastatic esophagogastric adenocarcinoma.
A Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of 2% Versus 4% Chlorohexidine Gluconate for Surgical Preparation of the Vagina
Authors: Patnam Radhika , Askew Amy L. , Alby Kevin , Hill Bravada M. , Willis-Gray Marcella G. , Wu Jennifer M. , Geller Elizabeth J. 
Published: May 2022

Importance
There have been no studies comparing 2% and 4% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) for vaginal surgical site preparation despite both commonly being used.

Objectives
The primary objective was to assess the noninferiority of 2% CHX versus 4% CHX to reduce bacterial contamination rates at 60 minutes after surgical preparation of the vagina. Secondary objectives were to assess differences in colony-forming units and the sensation of postoperative vaginal burning and pain.

Study Design
This is a single-blinded randomized controlled trial of women who underwent vaginal prolapse surgery. Study participants were randomized into 2 groups: 2% CHX versus 4% CHX. Two vaginal bacterial cultures were collected: (1) preoperatively before vaginal preparation and (2) intraoperatively at 60 minutes. A questionnaire on vaginal pain and burning was administered preoperatively and postoperatively. For our sample size, assuming that 2% CHX would have double the contamination rate of 4% CHX, 26 participants were needed per group to demonstrate noninferiority.

Results
Sixty-one women participated in the study. There were no differences in baseline demographics, length of surgery, or surgical procedures. For our primary outcome, the postpreparation contamination rates were 7% for 2% CHX versus 10% for 4% CHX, with a difference of 3% (P = 0.52). This difference did meet the criteria for noninferiority. Secondary outcomes were not different between groups.

Conclusions
Two percent CHX is noninferior to 4% CHX in reducing vaginal bacterial contamination at 60 minutes after vaginal surgical site preparation, with low rates of postpreparation contamination and vaginal discomfort.
Quantifying the Added Value of 2 Common Frailty Measures for Predicting Adverse Outcomes After Elective Hysterectomy
Authors: Luchristt Douglas , Siddiqui Nazema Y. , Bretschneider C. Emi , Jelovsek J. Eric 
Published: May 2022

Importance
Although frailty is predictive of adverse outcomes in predominantly male general and orthopedic surgical populations, the utility of American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program–based frailty measurement for hysterectomy is unclear.

Objectives
The objective of this study was to measure the added contribution of the modified frailty index (mFI) and Risk Analysis Index (RAI) for predicting adverse outcomes after hysterectomy.

Study Design
A secondary analysis of the 2011 to 2014 American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement database was conducted. Benign elective hysterectomy by any route was included. The primary outcome was readmission within 30 days of surgery. Secondary outcomes were major (Clavien-Dindo grade ≥3) and minor (grade 1–2) complications. The fraction of new prognostic information attributable to each frailty measure was estimated by the ratio of model likelihood-ratio χ2 values compared with a baseline model, including American Society of Anesthesiologists classification, age, body mass index (BMI), smoking status, and surgical route.

Results
Among 70,649 cases, 3.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.9–3.1) were readmitted within 30 days and 2.8% (95% CI, 2.7–2.9) and 5.2% (95% CI, 5.0–5.4) had major and minor complications, respectively. The RAI provided a greater fraction of new prognostic information than the mFI when predicting readmission (4.8 vs 2.7%) and major complications (4.8 vs 2.3%). Interaction analysis showed a stronger association of frailty and outcomes among individuals undergoing abdominal hysterectomy and with BMI of 40 of higher or less than 20.

Conclusions
The RAI and mFI provided modest improvement in the ability to predict adverse outcomes, which limits its clinical utility. Surgeons may consider selective utilization among those individuals undergoing abdominal hysterectomy or with BMI of 40 of higher or less than 20.
Is goodwill impairment disclosure used as an impression management strategy?
Authors: Pardo Francisca , Giner Begoña 
Published: May 2022

PurposeGoodwill recognized in a business combination is one of the most controversial issues in financial reporting, and is subject to a vast amount of disclosure in the financial statements. Based on the impression management framework, this paper investigates the managerial determinants of compliance with the disclosure requirements on the goodwill impairment test.Design/methodology/approachThe authors construct a disclosure index and hand-collect the information disclosed in the notes to the financial statements. The authors perform univariate and multivariate analyses, estimating panel data models in Spanish IBEX 35 firms, in 2008–2017.FindingsCompliance with the impairment test information requirements is used as an impression management strategy to conceal opportunistic behavior related to non-impairment and signal positive values related to growth opportunities and low leverage.Research limitations/implicationsThe results are based on a single country, characterized by low enforcement and although that helps to consider the role of impression management under a compulsory reporting system, it also requires some caution in their generalization.Practical implicationsThe results might be useful for advancing the current International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) project, but also for other stakeholders since understanding firms' behavior facilitates making decisions. They might also help managers to reconsider their disclosure strategies towards third parties.Social implicationsThe results may be useful for society, since they show a likely consequence of managerial opportunistic behavior. They could also assist regulators and enforcers to identify firms with incentives for non-compliance.Originality/valueThis study provides a theoretical and conceptual contribution to explain how firms use disclosure as a managerial strategy in a rather different context to the one used in previous research since it focuses on audited and regulated corporate reports. It is based on the impression management as the vehicle to strategically manipulate users' insights and decisions.
A map for the holistic BPM diagnosis
Authors: Nogueira Cintia Alves , Pádua Silvia Inês Dallavalle , Bernardo Ronaldo 
Published: May 2022

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to develop a map for the holistic business process management (BPM) diagnosis in order to guide the choice of techniques that encompass all dimensions of the business process.Design/methodology/approachThe design science research method was used, with the elaboration of seven steps to project solutions to empirical problems: (1) identification of the problem, (2) awareness of the problem, (3) definition of expected results, (4) design and development, (5) demonstration, (6) evaluation of artifacts and (7) communication. These steps were organized in different analyzes: descriptive, experimental and observational. The descriptive analysis comprised steps one to three (identification of the problem, awareness of the problem, definition of expected results) and made use of the systematic literature review procedure for proposing artifacts. The experimental analysis comprised steps four to five (design and development, and demonstration), where the consultation with specialists' procedures and then the Delphi procedure for the construction of the artifacts were carried out. In the observational analysis, steps six (evaluation of artifacts), where two case studies were performed, and step seven (communication), in which the map for the holistic BPM diagnosis was presented were carried out.FindingsThe article systematizes the BPM diagnostic techniques scattered throughout the literature and relates how these techniques relate to dimensions. A map for the holistic BPM diagnosis is generated containing 21 techniques and 9 dimensions, with 45 relationships between these techniques and tools. Another aspect is that the map shows that in BPM promotion projects, techniques are not restricted to any specific phase of the life cycle.Practical implicationsProfessionals can use the map to form a blend with selected techniques and use them for holistic BPM diagnosis according to the skills and other resources of the project team.Originality/valueThe map developed is innovative because it relates a set of consolidated techniques for each dimension of the process to provide the holistic diagnosis for the organization. It is important to highlight that these techniques and dimensions were scattered in the literature.
Use and trustworthiness of Wikipedia information: students’ perceptions and reflections
Authors: Amina Wazzuha , Warraich Nosheen Fatima 
Published: May 2022

Purpose
This study aims to explore the trustworthiness of Wikipedia information in terms of accuracy, stability, objectivity and validity among university students along with their perceptions toward the quality of the information in Wikipedia.

Design/methodology/approach
This study used to use a quantitative research design based on the survey method. The questionnaire was designed with the help of literature followed by a pilot study to check its validity and reliability before data collection. A proportionate stratified sampling technique was used to collect data from students in the graduate program.

Findings
Data showed that the majority of the respondents used Wikipedia information regularly for both academic and leisure purposes. It is also noted that they usually did not edit/add content in Wikipedia entries, though they observed incomplete content in it. Findings revealed that among the four constructs of trustworthiness (accuracy, stability, validity and objectivity), respondents had certain reservations about the accuracy of Wikipedia information. They opined that content from Wikipedia is not stable and is susceptible to alternation. Nevertheless, they believed in the objectivity of Wikipedia information as the contents are verified by an editor/expert and this information is considered unbiased and impartial.

Practical implications
These findings may be helpful to fill the knowledge gap in the body of literature and to understand the accuracy.

Originality/value
The current study is the first one to analyze the trustworthiness of information in Wikipedia entries among university students in the context of a developing country.
Organizational justice and employees' intention to stay: the mediating role of job satisfaction
Authors: Knezović Emil , Neimarlija Ilma 
Published: May 2022

PurposeThis study investigates the relationships between the four dimensions of organizational justice (OJ) (distributive, procedural, interpersonal, and informational) and employees' intention to stay (ITS) in organizations in Bosnia and Herzegovina while considering the mediating role of job satisfaction (JS).Design/methodology/approachThrough a cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey, 336 responses were collected from employees in private companies and non-governmental organizations. Structural equation modeling was performed to test the hypotheses.FindingsResults indicate support for the relationships between dimensions of OJ and ITS, except in the case of procedural justice (PJ). Similarly, JS is a full mediator in all relationships, except for PJ.Originality/valueThe study extends the literature by incorporating all four dimensions of OJ and testing them individually in relation to the ITS. Furthermore, the study deviates from a traditional approach of simple relationships by introducing the mediating role of JS. Finally, it contributes to the scarce literature in developing countries.
Incumbent defense strategies and new entrants market exit: the moderating role of relational market-based assets
Authors: Aghaie Sina , Kamran-Disfani Omid , Javadinia Amir , Farhang Maryam , Bhattarai Ashok 
Published: May 2022

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to empirically investigate the impact of incumbents’ defensive strategies, specifically price-cut and capacity expansion, on new entrants’ (NEs) exit decisions and examine the moderating role of incumbents’ relational market-based assets (RMBAs).

Design/methodology/approach
Drawing upon real options theory, an empirical study using logistic regression is conducted on a rich, multi-market data set of NE exits between 1997 and 2019 in the U.S. airline industry.

Findings
Contrary to intuitive expectation, the results show that cutting prices in response to entry reduces NEs’ likelihood of market exit. However, when incumbents possess strong RMBAs, using a price cut proves to be effective in pushing NEs out of a market. Moreover, an NEs’ exit likelihood is higher when incumbents expand capacities in response to entry.

Research limitations/implications
In this study, market exit is defined as a complete withdrawal from the market and operationalized as a binary variable. Future research could examine different degrees of downscaling by NEs while remaining in the market.

Practical implications
This research demonstrates the opposing effects of price-cut and capacity expansion and the crucial role of RMBAs and advises managers to be cautious and consider trade-offs when implementing their defensive strategies to push NEs out of their markets.

Originality/value
This study contributes to the literature by examining the impact of incumbents’ defensive strategies, price-cut and capacity expansion, side by side and exploring the moderating role of RMBAs. Extant research has focused on antecedents of defensive strategies, whereas the consequences are the focus of this research.
An empirical study on data warehouse systems effectiveness: the case of Jordanian banks in the business intelligence era
Authors: Al-Okaily Aws , Al-Okaily Manaf , Teoh Ai Ping , Al-Debei Mutaz M. 
Published: May 2022

PurposeDespite the increasing role of the data warehouse as a supportive decision-making tool in today's business world, academic research for measuring its effectiveness has been lacking. This paucity of academic interest stimulated us to evaluate data warehousing effectiveness in the organizational context of Jordanian banks.Design/methodology/approachThis paper develops a theoretical model specific to the data warehouse system domain that builds on the DeLone and McLean model. The model is empirically tested by means of structural equation modelling applying the partial least squares approach and using data collected in a survey questionnaire from 127 respondents at Jordanian banks.FindingsEmpirical data analysis supported that data quality, system quality, user satisfaction, individual benefits and organizational benefits have made strong contributions to data warehousing effectiveness in our organizational data context.Practical implicationsThe results provide a better understanding of the data warehouse effectiveness and its importance in enabling the Jordanian banks to be competitive.Originality/valueThis study is indeed one of the first empirical attempts to measure data warehouse system effectiveness and the first of its kind in an emerging country such as Jordan.