bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
lncRNASNP v3: an updated database for functional variants in long non-coding RNAs
Authors: Yang Yanbo , Wang Dongyang , Miao Ya-Ru , Wu Xiaohong , Luo Haohui , Cao Wen , Yang Wenqian , Yang Jianye , Guo An-Yuan , Gong Jing 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) act as versatile regulators of many biological processes and play vital roles in various diseases. lncRNASNP is dedicated to providing a comprehensive repository of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and somatic mutations in lncRNAs and their impacts on lncRNA structure and function. Since the last release in 2018, there has been a huge increase in the number of variants and lncRNAs. Thus, we updated the lncRNASNP to version 3 by expanding the species to eight eukaryotic species (human, chimpanzee, pig, mouse, rat, chicken, zebrafish, and fruitfly), updating the data and adding several new features. SNPs in lncRNASNP have increased from 11 181 387 to 67 513 785. The human mutations have increased from 1 174 768 to 2 387 685, including 1 031 639 TCGA mutations and 1 356 046 CosmicNCVs. Compared with the last release, updated and new features in lncRNASNP v3 include (i) SNPs in lncRNAs and their impacts on lncRNAs for eight species, (ii) SNP effects on miRNA−lncRNA interactions for eight species, (iii) lncRNA expression profiles for six species, (iv) disease & GWAS-associated lncRNAs and variants, (v) experimental & predicted lncRNAs and drug target associations and (vi) SNP effects on lncRNA expression (eQTL) across tumor & normal tissues. The lncRNASNP v3 is freely available at http://gong_lab.hzau.edu.cn/lncRNASNP3/.
Experimental Crystallization of the Beauvoir Granite as a Model for the Evolution of Variscan Rare Metal Magmas
Authors: Pichavant Michel 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
New experiments on the strongly peraluminous, Li-, P- and F-rich Beauvoir granite (Massif Central, France) provide a basis for understanding crystallization and chemical fractionation in Variscan rare metal magmas. Crystallization experiments were performed on two natural granite compositions under H2O-saturated conditions at 100, 200, and 300 MPa, from 540°C to 700°C and between ~NNO + 3 and NNO-1.4. Experimental charges were examined by SEM and their products (glasses and crystals) analyzed for major elements by EMPA. Trace element concentrations in selected glasses were determined by LA ICP-MS. Despite experimental durations commonly exceeding 1000 h and some up to 4000 h, kinetic problems were encountered in particular in the 100 MPa charges whereas, at 200 and 300 MPa, results consistent with previous melting experiments were obtained. Beauvoir melts crystallize quartz, plagioclase, K-feldspar and mica as major phases. At NNO-1.4, mica is a biotite, whereas it is a Li-mica between ~NNO+3 and NNO-1. Apatite, Fe-Ti oxides, either hematite or magnetite, topaz, amblygonite, cassiterite and columbite-tantalite appear as accessory phases between ~NNO + 3 and NNO + 1. Experimental plagioclases are albitic (An &lt;4.5 mol%) and more Ca and K-rich than natural albites in the granite whereas experimental K-feldspars are more sodic (Ab &lt;45 mol%) than the natural crystals. The less evolved starting melt crystallized Li phengites whereas the most evolved yielded Li-, F-rich micas near the polylithionite-zinnwaldite series, similar to natural micas in the granite. Equilibrium crystallization increases A/CNK, F and P and concentrates Li, Be, B, Rb, Cs, W, U in the melt. Nb and Ta are also enriched, their behavior being controlled by the solubility of columbite-tantalite in the melt. Other elements are either unchanged (Mn, Zn, Ti) or depleted (Sr, Pb) during magmatic fractionation. Sn is concentrated in Li-mica and hematite, and it behaves compatibly at high fO2. Beauvoir melts crystallize at very low temperatures, below 670°C for the two compositions studied and solidus temperatures, determined from previous melting experiments and confirmed by the new crystallization experiments, are near 550°C. The experiments demonstrate that most of the mineralogical and geochemical characteristics that make the Beauvoir granite distinctive result from magmatic rather than hydrothermal post-magmatic processes. Albitic plagioclase, Li-mica, topaz, and amblygonite are of magmatic origin. Glass major element compositions suggest that the two granite samples represent crystallized liquids. Trace element fractionations for most elements at Beauvoir can be accounted for by magmatic crystallization–differentiation processes. Implications for the mineralogy, fO2, volatile concentrations, crystallization and conditions of emplacement, fractionation mechanisms and origin of the Beauvoir granite are discussed.
Vision transformer assisting rheumatologists in screening for capillaroscopy changes in systemic sclerosis: an artificial intelligence model
Authors: Garaiman Alexandru , Nooralahzadeh Farhad , Mihai Carina , Gonzalez Nicolas Perez , Gkikopoulos Nikitas , Becker Mike Oliver , Distler Oliver , Krauthammer Michael , Maurer Britta 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Objectives
The first objective of this study was to implement and assess the performance and reliability of a vision transformer (ViT)-based deep-learning model, an ‘off-the-shelf’ artificial intelligence solution, for identifying distinct signs of microangiopathy in nailfold capilloroscopy (NFC) images of patients with SSc. The second objective was to compare the ViT’s analysis performance with that of practising rheumatologists.

Methods
NFC images of patients prospectively enrolled in our European Scleroderma Trials and Research group (EUSTAR) and Very Early Diagnosis of Systemic Sclerosis (VEDOSS) local registries were used. The primary outcome investigated was the ViT’s classification performance for identifying disease-associated changes (enlarged capillaries, giant capillaries, capillary loss, microhaemorrhages) and the presence of the scleroderma pattern in these images using a cross-fold validation setting. The secondary outcome involved a comparison of the ViT’s performance vs that of rheumatologists on a reliability set, consisting of a subset of 464 NFC images with majority vote–derived ground-truth labels.

Results
We analysed 17 126 NFC images derived from 234 EUSTAR and 55 VEDOSS patients. The ViT had good performance in identifying the various microangiopathic changes in capillaries by NFC [area under the curve (AUC) from 81.8% to 84.5%]. In the reliability set, the rheumatologists reached a higher average accuracy, as well as a better trade-off between sensitivity and specificity compared with the ViT. However, the annotators’ performance was variable, and one out of four rheumatologists showed equal or lower classification measures compared with the ViT.

Conclusions
The ViT is a modern, well-performing and readily available tool for assessing patterns of microangiopathy on NFC images, and it may assist rheumatologists in generating consistent and high-quality NFC reports; however, the final diagnosis of a scleroderma pattern in any individual case needs the judgement of an experienced observer.
Prevalence and clinical course of patients with chronic heart failure secondary to chronic Chagas heart disease associated with obstructive coronary artery disease
Authors: Otaviano Ana Paula , Cardinalli-Neto Augusto , Nakazone Marcelo A , Nogueira Paulo R , Bestetti Reinaldo B 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence and the outcomes of patients with chronic Chagas heart disease with obstructive coronary artery disease (CCHD-CAD) and chronic heart failure (CHF) with precordial chest pain are unsettled. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and clinical course of patients with CHF secondary to CCHD-CAD.MethodsPatients with positive serology for Chagas disease and systolic CHF were included; those with precordial chest pain and at least two risk factors for CAD underwent coronary arteriogram.ResultsIn total 262 patients were included in the investigation; 234 (89%) had CHF secondary to CCHD alone, and 28 (11%) with CHF secondary to CCHD-CAD, as observed at coronary arteriogram. The survival probability of patients with CHF secondary to CCHD alone at 12, 24, 36, 48 and 72 mo was 79%, 64%, 54%, 44% and 33%, respectively, whereas survival probability for patients with CHF secondary to CCHD-CAD at 12, 24, 36, 48 and 72 mo was 96%, 80%, 71%, 66% and 57%, respectively (p=0.04).ConclusionsIn patients with CCHD with CHF, the prevalence of CAD of 11% is not neglectable in those with precordial chest pain. The outcome for patients with precordial chest pain with CHF secondary to CCHD-CAD is better than that observed in patients with CHF secondary to CCHD alone.
Unsteady aerodynamic performance of a maglev train: the effect of the ground condition
Authors: Meng Shi , Chen Guang , Zhou Dan , Meng Shuang 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The effect of ground condition on unsteady aerodynamic performance of a maglev train was numerically investigated with an IDDES (Improved Delayed Detached Eddy Simulation) method. The accuracy of the numerical method has been validated by wind tunnel experiments. The flow structure, slipstream and aerodynamic force around the train under stationary and moving ground conditions were compared. Track and ground play a leading role in the influence of wake vortex structure; the flow structure around the train is more complex under the stationary ground boundary condition. Near the nose point of the head and tail vehicles, the peak value of the slipstream under the condition of moving ground is slightly higher than that under stationary ground. In the wake area, the effect of the main vortex structure on both sides of the tail vehicle and the track makes the vortex structure in the wake area stronger than that under moving ground, the slipstream peak is larger and the locus thereof is further forward. In the horizontal direction, the vortex desorption energy near the nose tip of the train is higher on stationary ground, while the vortex desorption energy far from the nose tip of the train is higher on moving ground. Compared with the static ground boundary condition, the resistance coefficient of the head and tail of a maglev train increases by 3.45% and 3.31% respectively under the moving ground boundary condition. The lift coefficient decreases by 157.78% and 5.13%, respectively.
Pelvic Compression Device (Binder) Application Training in Medical Students: A Manikin Study
Authors: Beşer Zafer , Oğuz Ahmet Burak , Koca Ayça , Genç Sinan , Erdurmuş Ömer Yusuf , Polat Onur 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Correct application of external pelvic compression devices (binders) is crucial in managing multitrauma patients with suspected pelvic fractures to control hemorrhage. Yet, there is a lack of practical training standards for pelvic compression device application in medical school education.

Objective:
This study aimed to evaluate simulation training of pelvic compression device application by medical students to determine the number of applications required to meet proficiency measured by correct application and timeliness.

Methods:
This is an observational cross-sectional measurement study of a convenience sample of 132 volunteer senior medical students who participated in a 30-min theoretical and simulation training session on the application of pelvic compression devices. The study was conducted between January 1, 2020, and March 1, 2020. Two weeks after the training, the students performed 10 consecutive pelvic compression device applications, each followed by a 5-min feedback session break. Application step accuracy and timing were observed and recorded. The percentage of correct applications was compared by χ2 test.

Results:
The correct application rate for the first application was 42.4%, with an average of 92 s, 95% confidence interval (CI): 91.00–93.72. The highest correct application rate occurred in the eighth application (97%, p < .001), with an average application time of 87 s, 95% CI: 85.62–87.72.

Conclusion:
We found that at least eight pelvic compression device manikin applications were required to achieve proficiency.
Bison Goring Resulting in Abdominal Evisceration and Cervical Fracture: A Case Report
Authors: Miles Gayla , Quinlan Ann , Daniel Craig 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Handling livestock can be dangerous, and livestock-related injuries are increasing.

Case Presentation:
An 83-year-old man who was gored and thrown by a bison bull during feeding is presented. The traumatic event resulted in two major injuries: an abdominal laceration with intestinal evisceration and cervical fractures after being lifted and forcefully thrown. The patient's hospital course included emergent surgery using the damage control approach resulting in an open abdomen, postoperatively, intensive care unit placement, and physiological management of the lethal diamond (acidosis, coagulopathy, hypothermia, and hypocalcemia). Finally, the patient's injuries required repeated abdominoplasties, colostomy, and surgical cervical stabilization. Despite a complicated hospitalization, the patient returned to his previous lifestyle within 2 months.

Conclusion:
The geriatric population, despite multiple comorbidities, is active, and their dynamic lifestyle can result in severe injuries. Positive outcomes for this population are possible. Even if severely injured, the geriatric population has the propensity to rebound and survive with early aggressive management.
Perineal Injury via Personal Watercraft Hydrostatic Jet: A Case Report
Authors: Pearson Thomas E. , Elwell Sean , Paidas Charles , Duffy Brian 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Traumatic injuries resulting from personal watercraft hydrostatic jets are expected to increase as personal watercrafts are affordable, portable, and used in an increasingly wide range of locales.

Case Presentation:
This case study presents an unusual severe perineal injury in a 17-year-old adolescent girl resulting from a fall from a personal watercraft and contact with the vehicle's hydrostatic jet. This case report provides an overview of the mechanism, treatment, and prevention of personal watercraft injuries.

Conclusion:
Knowledge of this mechanism's potential for serious morbidity and mortality, patient assessment and management principles, and injury prevention strategies are essential to providing effective trauma center care.
Intratympanic Substance Distribution After Injection of Liquid and Thermosensitive Drug Carriers: An Endoscopic Study
Authors: Nieratschker Michael , Yildiz Erdem , Schnoell Julia , Hirtler Lena , Schlingensiepen Reimar , Honeder Clemens , Arnoldner Christoph 
Published: November 2022

Objective
In the treatment of inner ear conditions, intratympanic injection emerges as an important drug delivery method. Novel compounds designed for intratympanic injection are routinely loaded in viscous drug carriers. To date, it is unclear if they can freely distribute in the middle ear. The aims of this study were to investigate the middle ear distribution of different drug carriers during intratympanic injection and to determine an optimal injection method for thermosensitive hydrogels.

Methods
Twenty-one human temporal bones were intratympanically injected with fluid drug carriers or poloxamer-407 hydrogels at different tympanic membrane injection sites (inferior, anterior-superior) using different needle types (Whitacre, Quincke). Fluid distribution was evaluated via an endoscopic view. Injection volume, duration, backflow, and overall safety were analyzed.

Results
Liquid drug carriers distribute effortlessly in the middle ear, whereas an additional ventilation hole is advantageous when applying thermosensitive hydrogels. The round window is coated with required volumes between 150 and 200 μl, irrespective of the injection position. Required volumes to also coat the stapedial footplate ranged from 310 to 440 μl. Use of the Whitacre-type needle reduced backflow to the ear canal and enabled longer tympanic membrane visibility when no additional ventilation hole was placed.

Conclusion
Intratympanic injection is a safe and reliable method for the application of thermosensitive hydrogels. The round window niche is readily filled regardless of the injected formulation and injection position. Although fluid drug carriers distribute effortlessly in the middle ear, the placement of an additional ventilation hole might facilitate the application of viscous hydrogels.
One Click Is Not Enough: Anatomy-Based Fitting in Experienced Cochlear Implant Users
Authors: Kurz Anja , Müller-Graff Franz-Tassilo , Hagen Rudolf , Rak Kristen 
Published: November 2022

Objective
To evaluate a new methodological approach of applying anatomy-based fitting (ABF) in experienced cochlear implant (CI) users.

Participants
Three experienced unilateral and bilateral CI users with postlingual hearing loss.

Intervention
Postoperative imaging, via a high-volume Dyna computed tomography, and exact electrode measurement positions were integrated into the clinical fitting software following a new procedure, which adapted individual frequency bandwidths within the audio processor.

Main Outcome Measures
Speech perception in quiet and noise, clinical mapping, and self-perceived level of auditory benefit were assessed.

Results
For each CI user, ABF mapping provided better speech perception in quiet and in noise compared with the original clinical fitting mapping. In addition, ABF mapping was accepted in CI users despite unequal bilateral array insertion depths and lengths; however, acceptance was only established if the point of first electrode contact was less than 230 Hz.

Conclusions
ABF mapping increased the acceptance in CI users with longer electrode arrays and in bilateral CI users who were unsatisfied with their device experience. A larger prospective, randomized investigation is currently underway to assess longitudinal outcomes with ABF mapping.
Does Hypochlorous Acid Cause Ototoxicity? An Experimental Study
Authors: Mutlu Ahmet , Gunduz Ayşe Yasemin , Bakici Balci Burcu , Erinc Murat , Bulut Erdogan , Ersoy Onur , Kalcioglu Mahmut Tayyar 
Published: November 2022

Aim
Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is a weak acid that ionizes in water. It is an effective antiseptic exhibiting low toxicity on living tissues. We aimed to investigate the ototoxic effects of HOCl on an animal model by using electrophysiological and histological methods.

Materials and Methods
The study comprised 32 Sprague-Dawley rats, which were separated into four groups: control group (A), saline solution group (B), 70% isopropyl alcohol + 2% chlorhexidine group (C), and HOCl group (D). After recording the auditory brainstem response (ABR) for basal hearing thresholds (8, 16, 24, and 32 kHz), 0.03 ml of the aforementioned materials was injected intratympanically three times every 2 days in groups B, C, and D. ABR measurements were repeated on the 7th and 21st days. All animals were sacrificed, and temporal bones were prepared for examinations of cochlear histology and vascular endothelial growth factor immunohistochemistry.

Results
Basal hearing levels were normal across all frequencies and groups, with no statistical differentiation. On the 7th and 21st days after the ABR test, all other groups demonstrated a significant deterioration in hearing levels compared with group A. When the results from 7th and 21st days were compared within group D, a partial recovery was observed. In histopathology, groups C and D demonstrated moderate and severe cochlear degeneration, along with decreased immunoreactivity in the organ of Corti, stria vascularis, and spiral ligament.

Conclusion
This is the first study to evaluate the safety of using HOCl in otology. Although HOCI is less ototoxic than the disinfectant used, it may have a toxic effect on cochlea.

Level of Evidence: Animal Research.
Racial Disparities in Tympanoplasty Surgery: A 30-Day Morbidity and Mortality National Cohort Study
Authors: Singh Priyanka , Debbaneh Peter , Rivero Alexander 
Published: November 2022

Objectives
To assess the impact of race and ethnicity on 30-day complications after tympanoplasty surgery.

Methods
The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was queried for tympanoplasty procedures from 2005 to 2019. Demographic, comorbidity, and postoperative complication data were compared according to race using univariate and binary logistic regression analyses.

Results
A total of 11,701 patients were included, consisting of 80.3% White, 3.0% Black, 7.7% Asian, 5.7% Hispanic, 2.5% American Indian/Alaska Native, and 0.8% other. Binary logistic regression model indicated that Black patients had increased odds of unplanned readmittance (p = 0.033; odds ratio [OR], 3.110) and deep surgical site infections (p = 0.008; OR, 6.292). American Indian/Alaska Native patients had increased odds of reoperation (p = 0.022; OR, 6.343), superficial surgical site infections (p < 0.001; OR, 5.503), urinary tract infections (p < 0.001; OR, 18.559), surgical complications (p < 0.001; OR, 3.820), medical complications (p = 0.001; OR, 10.126), and overall complications (p < 0.001; OR, 4.545).

Conclusion
Although Black and American Indian/Alaskan Native patients were more likely to have complications after tympanoplasty surgery after adjusting for comorbidities, age, and sex, these results are tempered by an overall low rate of complications. Future studies should be devoted to understanding the drivers of these health inequities in access to otologic care and surgical treatment to improve outcomes and achieve equitable care.
Metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer: a new horizon beyond the androgen receptors
Authors: Roy Soumyajit , Saad Fred 
Published: November 2022

Purpose of review
Systemic chemotherapy and second-generation androgen receptor-axis targeted therapies have been in the forefront of management for metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients with low or high symptom burden. However, in the recent past, due to improvement in molecular characterization, management of mCRPC has witnessed long strides of advancement. We aim to review the novel nonhormonal and nonchemotherapeutic treatment options.

Recent findings
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPis) such as olaparib and rucaparib have been recently approved by the US FDA for use in mCRPC with germline or somatic mutations in homologous recombination repair. The combination of PARPi with androgen receptor axis-targeted agents (ARAT) or dual ARAT-based therapy has shown superior radiographic progression-free survival as a first-line treatment. A combination of AKT inhibitor ipatasertib and abiraterone has shown improvement in radiographic progression-free survival as a first-line treatment. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted radiopharmaceutical like 177Lu-PSMA-617, a beta particle emitter has demonstrated improvement in overall survival in mCRPC patients pretreated with ARAT or taxanes. Although immune checkpoint inhibitors are being tested in mCRPC, there is no robust evidence to support this premise.

Summary
These new agents have widened the treatment options for mCRPC patients. Overall treatment should be focused on improving survival while limiting the deterrent effect on the quality of life.