bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Farmers’ Use of Information Technology to Improve Agricultural Marketing Extension Services in Wasit Governorate, Iraq
Authors: Shehata Gaber Ahmed Bassyouni , El-Habal Abo Zaid M. , El-Sharbatly Souzan I. , Abdulrazzaq Ali H. 
Published: March 2022

The research presented in the study of the impact of farmers’ use of Information Technology (IT) in the field of improving agricultural marketing extension services indicates the small number of researches that dealt with this topic as one of the mechanisms of agricultural extension work, hence the importance of theoretical and applied research. The agricultural sector in Iraq seeks to reach advanced stages in agriculture in general, which must keep pace with the development of agricultural production methods that have developed greatly over the past years. Therefore, farmers in Iraq, with the diversity of agricultural fields that they practice, are in dire need of correct and integrated marketing information about crops. Which are produced and the marketing methods and tools that suit each crop, and in particular the main strategic important crops that represent the main food for the Iraqi people, such as grains, vegetables and . In order to modernize agriculture, all kinds of agricultural technological progress must be put into practice, which is in line with the concept of guidance in general in conscious influence in the minds of farmers through the transfer of information and knowledge to help them make a sound decision in the use of modern technology. The main objective of this research is to identify the impact of farmers' use of information technology (IT) to improve agricultural marketing extension services in Wasit Governorate, Iraq, and its relationship to some social and economic characteristics of farmers in the research area. Based on the result of the research, the model of estimating the value of the multiple regression coefficients between the studied independent variables and the dependent variable, the impact of farmers' use of information technology (IT) in the field of agricultural marketing includes fifteen independent variables, and the significance of the model as a whole has been clarified based on the ratio (P), which amounted to about (15,530), in addition to that these variables contribute to explaining 72% ​​of the changes occurring in the variable The effect of farmers’ use of information technology (IT) in the field of agricultural marketing services based on the coefficient of determination (R2), and it was clear from this model the significance of the effect of each of the independent variables, namely: the age of the farmers surveyed, agricultural experience, the number of respondents’ family members, and the number of workers The respondents' farm, the type of agricultural land holding, the means of transportation for marketing agricultural crops, and the respondents' knowledge level.
Simplicial and dimension groups with group action and their realization
Authors: Vaš Lia 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We define simplicial and dimension Γ-groups, the generalizations of simplicial and dimension groups to the case when these groups have an action of an arbitrary group Γ. Assuming that the integral group ring of Γ is Noetherian, we show that every dimension Γ-group is isomorphic to a direct limit of a directed system of simplicial Γ-groups and that the limit can be taken in the category of ordered groups with order-units or generating intervals.
We adapt Hazrat’s definition of the Grothendieck Γ-group

K
0
Γ

⁢

(
R
)

{K_{0}^{\Gamma}(R)}

for a Γ-graded ring R to the case when Γ is not necessarily abelian. If G is a pre-ordered abelian group with an action of Γ which agrees with the pre-ordered structure, we say that G is realized by a Γ-graded ring R if

K
0
Γ

⁢

(
R
)

{K_{0}^{\Gamma}(R)}

and G are isomorphic as pre-ordered Γ-groups with an isomorphism which preserves order-units or generating intervals.
We show that every simplicial Γ-group with an order-unit can be realized by a graded matricial ring over a Γ-graded division ring. If the integral group ring of Γ is Noetherian, we realize a countable dimension Γ-group with an order-unit or a generating interval by a Γ-graded ultramatricial ring over a Γ-graded division ring. We also relate our results to graded rings with involution, which give rise to Grothendieck Γ-groups with actions of both Γ and

ℤ
2

{\mathbb{Z}_{2}}

. We adapt the realization problem for von Neumann regular rings to graded rings and concepts from this work and discuss some other questions.
The Bellman function of the dyadic maximal operator in connection with the dyadic Carleson imbedding theorem
Authors: Nikolidakis Eleftherios 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We provide an alternative proof and expression of the Bellman function of the dyadic maximal operator in connection with the dyadic Carleson imbedding theorem, which appears in
[A. D. Melas,
The Bellman functions of dyadic-like maximal operators and related inequalities,
Adv. Math. 192 2005, 2, 310–340].
We also evaluate the Bellman function of four variables of the dyadic maximal operator.
Sentenced to a Life of Debt
Authors: Stark Andrea Bopp , Walsh Geoff 
Published: March 2022

This article examines the provisions of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code that except fines and penalties from the broad discharge of debts that individuals receive upon completion of a bankruptcy case. In its 1986 decision in Kelly v. Robinson the Supreme Court overrode the plain statutory language of the Code and extended the discharge exception to a restitution debt. The Court justified its action as deference to the interest of states in formulating laws designed to punish, deter, and rehabilitate offenders. In the wake of Kelly v. Robinson, debts characterized as fines, penalties, and restitution are typically non-dischargeable in bankruptcy, regardless of their purpose, as long as they were contained in a sentencing order in a criminal case.
Over the past four decades, the need to fund cash-strapped state and local governments generally, and to pay for mass incarceration specifically, propelled a staggering increase in criminal justice debt. Unlike the state laws to which the Kelly v. Robinson court deferred, today’s revenue-generating fines and fees practices actually undermine public safety by distorting law enforcement priorities. They deter rehabilitation, foster a general distrust of the criminal justice system and disproportionately impact communities of color.
In view of these developments, this article proposals changes to the Bankruptcy Code. First, fines and fees that serve a revenue-generating purpose should be subject to discharge. Second, a time limit should apply to all forms of criminal justice debt. These changes would treat fines and fees more consistently with the standards that were in place for chapter 13 bankruptcy cases until the early 1990s and similar to debts for most federal and state taxes.
Hemithyroidectomy and ipsilateral central neck dissection for T1 low-risk papillary thyroid cancer: single-institution retrospective observational study
Authors: Giordano Davide , Botti Cecilia , Piana Simonetta , Castellucci Andrea , Frasoldati Andrea , Zini Michele , Fornaciari Martina , Crocetta Francesco Maria , Ghidini Angelo 
Published: March 2022

Objective
The aim of this study was to report the rationale and selection criteria for hemithyroidectomy and ipsilateral central neck dissection in patients with selected papillary thyroid cancer and to report the surgical and oncological outcomes.

Design
Single-institution retrospective observational study.

Methods
The clinical records of patients with a histopathological diagnosis of low-risk pT1 papillary thyroid cancer who underwent hemithyroidectomy with or without ipsilateral central neck dissection between March 2000 and April 2018 at a tertiary referral center were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic, clinical, and histopathological data were collected.

Results
During the study period, 176 patients underwent hemithyroidectomy for PTC. Thirteen patients (13/176, 7.39%) were lost to follow-up and 74 patients (74/163 45.40%) underwent completion thyroidectomy within 1 month because they were classified intermediate ATA initial risk based on definitive pathology. The final study group was composed of 89 patients, who had a median follow-up of 5.3 years. The mean follow-up was 6.3 years (range: 36–207 months). Eighty-four patients (94.38%) did not experience recurrence in the follow-up period. A total of 5/89 patients (5.62%) underwent delayed completion thyroidectomy with or without neck dissection for recurrent malignancy in the residual lobe (3/5) or regional lymph nodes (2/5). The median time from surgery to recurrence was 24.8 months (range: 6–60). The follicular variant was an independent risk factor for recurrence.

Conclusions
Hemithyroidectomy with or without prophylactic ipsilateral central neck dissection is a valuable treatment option in selected low-risk papillary thyroid cancers and ensures a low risk of recurrence. Prophylactic ipsilateral central compartment dissection could have a role in improving cancer staging, and accurate ultrasonographic follow-up is essential to identify local recurrence.
Pengaruh Penggunaan QUIZIZZ Terhadap Motivasi dan Hasil Belajar pada Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Febriyanty Ade Irma , Suryaningsih Tri , Iska Zikri Neni 
Published: March 2022

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan Quizizz terhadap motivasi dan hasil belajar peserta didik kelas 6 SDN Semanan 08 Pagi Jakarta Barat pembelajaran matematika jarak jauh 2021. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan desain Pre-Eksperimental (One Group Pretest-Posttest), dengan sampel 23 peserta didik. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan instrument angket Motivasi Belajar dan soal Pretest-Posttest berupa pilihan ganda menggunakan Quizizz. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: a) terdapat pengaruh antara penggunaan Quizizz terhadap motivasi belajar matematika peserta didik SDN Semanan 08 Pagi Jakarta Barat, dengan hasil Uji Wilcoxon sebesar 2.336 > 1.96, dan nilai P-Value (0.019) < (0.05) dimana Ha diterima dan Ho ditolak. b) tidak terdapat pengaruh antara penggunaan Quizizz terhadap hasil belajar matematika peserta didik SDN Semanan 08 Pagi Jakarta Barat, dengan hasil Uji Wilcoxon sebesar sebesar 0.890 ( (lebih kecil) sebesar 1.96, dan nilai P-Value sebesar (0.373) lebih besar . Sehingga Ho diterima dan Ha ditolak.
IMPLICATION OF MINI PROJECT ORGANIC CHEMISTRY EXPERIMENTS FOR IMPROVING ORGANIC CHEMISTRY CONCEPT
Authors: Mulyanti Sri , Rahmawati Atik , Lutfianasari Ulfa 
Published: March 2022

IMPLICATION OF MINI PROJECT ORGANIC CHEMISTRY EXPERIMENTS FOR IMPROVING ORGANIC CHEMISTRY CONCEPTAbstractOrganic Chemistry Practice is one of the courses in the chemical education department that must be taken by pre-service teacher of chemistry, still lack of mastery of students on organic chemistry concepts, requiring lecturers to be able to design the experiment in such a way so as to increase mastery of the concept of organic chemistry students in Organic Chemistry Practice. This study aims to apply the mini project model to the Organic Chemistry Practice so that it is expected to increase students' mastery of concepts in organic chemistry. The research was conducted using quantitative methods, its measuring conceptual change from the students from N-gain score. The results showed that there was an increase in students' mastery of concepts based on the% N-gain obtained. The majority of students are at a high criterion with% N-Gain> 70. The t test shows the significance of the implementation of the mini project model to increase students' mastery of concept concepts.AbstrakRendahnya penguasaan mahasiswa terhadap konsep-konsep kimia organik, menuntut pengajar untuk dapat mendesain praktikum sedemikian rupa, sehingga dapat meningkatkan penguasaan konsep kimia organik mahasiswa pada Praktikum Kimia Organik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menerapkan model mini project pada Praktikum Kimia Organik sehingga diharapkan dapat meningkatkan penguasaan konsep mahasiswa pada materi kimia organik. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode kuantitatif, yakni mengukur hasil tes penguasaan konsep mahasiswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan penguasaan konsep mahasiswa berdasarkan hasil %N-Gain yang diperoleh. Mayoritas mahasiswa berada pada kriteria tinggi dengan %N-Gain > dari 70. Uji t menunjukkan signifikansi pelaksanaan model mini project terhadap peningkatan penguasaan konsep mahasiswa.
AN ANALYSIS OF CHEMISTRY HIGH SCHOOL END-OF-YEAR EXAMS ACCORDING TO BLOOM’S COGNITIVE COMPLEXITY
Authors: Agung Salamah , Alhumaira Amrina , Yuskar Dedi Irwandi , Fuadi Tika Reformatika 
Published: March 2022

ANALISIS UJIAN AKHIR KIMIA BERDASARKAN KOMPLEKSITASKOGNITIF TAKSONOMI BLOOMAbstractSchool exams has been used by teachers to determine the success of students’ learning. This research is aimed to determine the extent of students learning through an analysis of end-of-year exam items based on Bloom’s cognitive complexity. The exam instruments are gathered from chemistry teachers of 5 public schools, consisting of in total 190 5-multiple-choice items. Qualitative approach and theory-driven content analysis method using Bloom’s revised taxonomy of cognitive complexity were employed in the research. The result of this research showed that the majority of items (82.7%) determined students learning lower order cognitive skills (remember, understand, and apply). Skill of the analysis is the only higher order cognitive skill that has been found in the exam questions (17.3%). With regards to knowledge dimension, it was found that conceptual knowledge weighed the most among other dimensions (54.7%). It is interesting to see, however, that, the highest procedural knowledge was seen in the application skills (27.9%). This research suggests that chemistry teachers need to carefully determine exam questions according to the cognitive complexity in order to ensure the extent of students learning. For curriculum developer, this research can be used to consider the depth of students’ learning outcomes as they serve as the foundation for exam development. Further research can be done to determine the gap between the exams and the expected learning outcomes. This will be beneficial to understand the extent to which schools can go higher than the minimun learning outcomes determined by the government.AbstrakUjian sekolah telah digunakan oleh guru untuk menentukan keberhasilan belajar siswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sejauh mana siswa belajar kimia melalui analisis materi ujian akhir sekolah berdasarkan kompleksitas kognitif Bloom. Instrumen ujian dikumpulkan dari 5 sekolah umum, yang terdiri dari 190 item soal pilihan ganda. Pendekatan kualitatif dan metode analisis isi yang digerakkan oleh teori menggunakan taksonomi kompleksitas kognitif Bloom yang telah direvisi digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar soal (82,7%) merupakan soal-soal dengan tingkat kognitif rendah (mengingat, memahami, dan menerapkan). Keterampilan analisis adalah satu-satunya keterampilan kognitif tingkat tinggi yang ditemukan dalam soal-soal ujian (17,3%). Untuk dimensi pengetahuan, ditemukan bahwa pengetahuan konseptual paling banyak di antara dimensi lainnya (54,7%). Menarik untuk dilihat, bagaimanapun, bahwa pengetahuan prosedural tertinggi terlihat pada keterampilan aplikasi (27,9%). Penelitian ini menyarankan guru untuk mempertimbangkan kompleksitas kognitif untuk memastikan sejauh mana siswa belajar.
Uji Validitas Konstruk dengan CFA dan Pelaporannya
Authors: Umar Jahja , Nisa Yunita Faela 
Published: March 2022

Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) is the most reliable method of construct validity analysis in the fields of psychology, education and social sciences. From the author's observations on research articles as well as bachelor and graduate theses, and dissertations using CFA, it was found that there are a lot of misunderstandings and incompleteness in reporting CFA analysis. This paper is intended as an effort to improve this situation and provide recommendations in reporting data analysis using CFA. At the very least, this article is to show the important things that must be considered in understanding and using CFA and test theory in general.
A Study on Selected Texts of the Islamic Poetry in Northern Nigeria in the 17th and 18th Centuries | دراسة تحليلية لنصوص مختارة من الشعر الإسلامي بشمال نيجيريا خلال القرنين السابع عشر والثامن عشر الميلادين
Authors: Usman Abdulsalam Muhammad , Ibraheem Lateef Onireti 
Published: March 2022

Nigerian Scholars, like their counterpart in West Africa, studied Arabic in other to understand Islam. This research studied selected text from Islamic poetry composed in Arabic by the Borno Kingdom and Hausaland poets in the eighteen and seventeen centuries in Northern Nigeria. The aim is to panoramically bring to fore the social, political, economic, educational and religious features embedded in the poetry as well as ascertain its quality. Hence the paper discusses, after introduction, Nigeria and the advent of Islam vis a vis Arabic Language, highlights selected poems, studied and criticized its contents based on the theory of Al-Adabul Islami (Islamic Literature). Descriptive method was adopted to analyse the selected poems. At the end of the study, it was discovered that the poetry of this era conformed to the theory of Al-Adabul Islami in its forms and contents, because the poets who composed it adhered strictly to Islamic teachings in their ideas, selection of themes and modes of expression. The language used is also of high standard and derived it strength from the Quran, Sunnah and other Islamic sources.
On Guided Imagery and Music (GIM) as Both Part of Music Therapy and as Separate From it
Authors: Lawes Martin J 
Published: March 2022

Guided Imagery and Music (GIM) can be considered a specialism in which qualified music therapists may train, along with mental health practitioners from other professional backgrounds including psychotherapists, psychologists, and psychiatrists. For this latter group of practitioners, identifying themselves as music therapists, or implying this when describing GIM as a music therapy method in advertising their services, is controversial. It may indeed even be unlawful in countries where music therapy training and practice are regulated by the state.
The situation is a complex and inherently confusing one. This is because on the one hand GIM is an acknowledged international model of music therapy. On the other hand, as a specialism, GIM is distinct from music therapy in both training and practice, with GIM practitioners having various professional backgrounds.
It is proposed that international collaboration and discussion are needed, with recommendations made to foster public confidence based on a clear understanding of who is and is not a qualified music therapist and member of the music therapy profession, and who is qualified to practice what safely and effectively. The article aims to illuminate the issues that may need to be taken into consideration in developing a consensus position.
A PSYCHOPHYSICAL MODEL OF ACCEPTABLE NOISE LEVEL FROM A HUMAN SOUND PROCESSING PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Fasanya Bankole 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundAcceptable noise level (ANL) is a metric developed for quantifying the maximum amount of background noise one is willing and able to accept – when not tired or tensed – while involved in mundane work. ANLs have been shown to vary with the individual although they are generally independent of age, gender, and hearing sensitivity. This study develops a psychophysically based mathematical model of ANL that includes an individual’s sound judgment bias and discriminability.Material and methodsThis paper expands Stevens’ mathematical model of sound power to develop an explicit psychophysical model. The model includes an individual’s judgment bias and sound discriminability to predict their ANL and uncovers the reason for individual ANL variability.ResultsUsing simulated data, the developed model shows how an individual’s ANL can be predicted based on their sound discriminability and judgment bias score. A regression analysis on the simulated data showed an R-square of 0.85 (p = 0.0001) between discriminability and simulated ANL data. There was a logarithmic relationship between individual ANL and sound discriminability.ConclusionsThe model well replicates human auditory sound processing. The higher the ANL, the higher the individual’s judgment bias toward the background noise and the better their ability to discriminate between the signal and background noise.
AUDITORY EFFECTS OF PERSONAL MUSIC SYSTEMS IN YOUNG ADULTS: A QUESTIONNAIRE BASED STUDY
Authors: Ghosh P.G. Vipin , Chowdri N. Varsha , M.V. Deeksha 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundNoise exposure damages cochlear hair cells resulting in sensorineural hearing loss along with other symptoms like tinnitus and vertigo. One source of loud sound exposure in young adults is personal music systems (PMS). The present study investigated the auditory- related symptoms in regular PMS users by administering a questionnaire on PMS usage and associated symptoms in individuals who were regular users of PMS and compared results with non-regular PMS users.Material and methodsThere were 260 young adults who participated in the study. Individuals who used PMS for ≥1 hour per day at a volume control setting of ≥60% for ≥2 years were considered regular PMS users, while other participants were considered non-regular PMS users. A custom-made questionnaire with a total of 24 questions was administered to all participants.ResultsStatistical analysis indicated that the occurrence of symptoms such as reduced hearing and vertigo were significantly higher in regular PMS users than in non-regular users. However, other symptoms such as tinnitus, difficulty in perception of speech in noisy situations, ear pain, and headache were not significantly different between the groups.ConclusionsThe findings substantiate the harmful effects of regular PMS usage on hearing and related functions. They also document the incidence of associated symptoms.
DEVELOPMENT, STANDARDIZATION, AND VALIDATION OF BISYLLABIC PHONEMICALLY BALANCED TAMIL WORD TEST IN QUIET AND NOISE
Authors: Chinnaraj Geetha , Neelamegarajan Devi , Ravirose Udhayakumar 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundThe present study aimed to develop and standardize a phonemically balanced bisyllabic word test in Tamil for adult listeners.Material and methodsIn total, 1015 bisyllabic Tamil words were collected from different sources; 20 Tamil speakers rated the words for familiarity and 5 experts validated the content. Based on the familiarity rating and content validation, 760 words were shortlisted for phonemic balancing. Then 25 phonemically-balanced lists were prepared with 25 words in each. The prepared lists were presented to 100 normal-hearing listeners at 40 dB SL in quiet, and 30 listeners in noise at −5 dB SNR for the standardization process. The lists were also presented at different sensation levels (SLs) in quiet to 30 listeners to obtain a psychometric function.ResultsThe mean speech identification scores (SISs) in adults was 99.8% in quiet. The results revealed no significant difference in SIS across the 25 word lists, indicative of list equivalency. The scores increased as the level increased from 10 to 40 dB SL for all the lists, suggesting homogeneity in difficulty and audibility. However, in noise, only 23 lists were equivalent to each other.ConclusionsAll the test lists can be utilized for testing during audiological evaluation in quiet, and 23 word lists are useful in noise.