bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Classifying Examples is More Effective for Learning Relational Categories Than Reading or Generating Examples
Authors: Steininger Tim M. , Wittwer Jörg , Voss Thamar 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSuccessful teaching requires that student teachers acquire a conceptual understanding of teaching practices. A promising way to promote such a conceptual understanding is to provide student teachers with examples. We conducted a 3 (between-subjects factor example format: reading, generation, classification) x 4 (within-subjects factor type of knowledge: facts, concepts, principles, procedures) experiment with N = 83 student teachers to examine how different formats of learning with examples influence the acquisition of relational categories in the context of lesson planning. Classifying provided examples was more effective for conceptual learning than reading provided examples or generating new examples. At the same time, reading provided examples or generating new examples made no difference in conceptual learning. However, generating new examples resulted in overly optimistic judgments of conceptual learning whereas reading provided examples or classifying provided examples led to rather accurate judgments of conceptual learning. Regardless of example format, more complex categories were more difficult to learn than less complex categories. The findings indicate that classifying provided examples is an effective form of conceptual learning. Generating examples, however, might be detrimental to learning in early phases of concept acquisition. In addition, learning with examples should be adapted to the complexity of the covered categories.
Senolytic treatment rescues blunted muscle hypertrophy in old mice
Authors: Dungan Cory M. , Figueiredo Vandre C. , Wen Yuan , VonLehmden Georgia L. , Zdunek Christopher J. , Thomas Nicholas T. , Mobley C. Brooks , Murach Kevin A. , Brightwell Camille R. , Long Douglas E. , Fry Christopher S. , Kern Philip A. , McCarthy John J. , Peterson Charlotte A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWith aging, skeletal muscle plasticity is attenuated in response to exercise. Here, we report that senescent cells, identified using senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA β-Gal) activity and p21 immunohistochemistry, are very infrequent in resting muscle, but emerge approximately 2 weeks after a bout of resistance exercise in humans. We hypothesized that these cells contribute to blunted hypertrophic potential in old age. Using synergist ablation-induced mechanical overload (MOV) of the plantaris muscle to model resistance training in adult (5–6-month) and old (23–24-month) male C57BL/6 J mice, we found increased senescent cells in both age groups during hypertrophy. Consistent with the human data, there were negligible senescent cells in plantaris muscle from adult and old sham controls, but old mice had significantly more senescent cells 7 and 14 days following MOV relative to young. Old mice had blunted whole-muscle hypertrophy when compared to adult mice, along with smaller muscle fibers, specifically glycolytic type 2x + 2b fibers. To ablate senescent cells using a hit-and-run approach, old mice were treated with vehicle or a senolytic cocktail consisting of 5 mg/kg dasatinib and 50 mg/kg quercetin (D + Q) on days 7 and 10 during 14 days of MOV; control mice underwent sham surgery with or without senolytic treatment. Old mice given D + Q had larger muscles and muscle fibers after 14 days of MOV, fewer senescent cells when compared to vehicle-treated old mice, and changes in the expression of genes (i.e., Igf1, Ddit4, Mmp14) that are associated with hypertrophic growth. Our data collectively show that senescent cells emerge in human and mouse skeletal muscle following a hypertrophic stimulus and that D + Q improves muscle growth in old mice.
A near-infrared plasma membrane-specific AIE probe for fluorescence lifetime imaging of phagocytosis
Authors: Wu Ming-Yu , Leung Jong-Kai , Kam Chuen , Chou Tsu Yu , Wang Jia-Li , Zhao Xueqian , Feng Shun , Chen Sijie 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPhagocytosis is a biological process that plays a key role in host defense and tissue homeostasis. Efficient approaches for realtime imaging of phagocytosis are highly desired but limited. Herein, an AIE-active near-infrared fluorescent probe, named TBTCP, was developed for fluorescence lifetime imaging of phagocytosis. TBTCP could selectively label the cell plasma membrane with fast staining, wash-free process, high signal-to-background ratio, and excellent photostability. Cellular membrane statuses under different osmolarities as well as macrophage phagocytosis of bacteria or large silica particles in early stages could be reported by the fluorescence lifetime changes of TBTCP. Compared with current fluorescence imaging methods, which target the bioenvironmental changes in the late phagocytosis stage, this approach detects the changes in the cell membrane, thus giving a faster response to phagocytosis. This article provides a functional tool to report the phagocytic dynamics of macrophages which may greatly contribute to the studies of phagocytic function-related diseases.
Radiocarbon dating and Hallstatt chronology: a Bayesian chronological model for the burial sequence at Dietfurt an der Altmühl ‘Tennisplatz’, Bavaria, Germany
Authors: Rose Helene Agerskov , Müller-Scheeßel Nils , Meadows John , Hamann Christian 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study is first attempt to refine Early Iron Age absolute chronology, specifically the timing of the Hallstatt C-D transition in southern Germany, using Bayesian chronological modelling of radiocarbon (14C) dates. The Hallstatt period (c.800–450 BC) marks the transition from prehistory to proto-history in Central Europe. The relative chronological framework for Hallstatt burials developed by the mid-twentieth century is still used today, but absolute dating is limited by the scarcity of dendrochronological dates and the perception that 14C dating in the Hallstatt period (HaC-HaD) is futile, due to the calibration plateau between c.750 and 400 cal BC. We present new AMS 14C dates on 16 HaC-HaD burials from a stratified sequence at Dietfurt an der Altmühl ‘Tennisplatz’ (Bavaria, Germany). This sequence is situated entirely on the ‘Hallstatt plateau’, but by combining 14C dating with osteological, stratigraphic, and typological information, we demonstrate that the plateau is no longer the ‘catastrophe’ for archaeological chronology once envisaged. Taking into account dendrochronological dating elsewhere, we show that at Dietfurt, the HaC-HaD transition almost certainly occurred before 650 cal BC, and most likely between 685 and 655 cal BC (68.3% probability), several decades earlier than usually assumed. We confirm the accuracy and robustness of this estimate by sensitivity testing. We suggest that it is now possible, and essential, to exploit the increased precision offered by AMS measurement and the IntCal20 14C calibration curve to re-evaluate absolute chronologies in Early Iron Age Europe and equivalent periods in other regions.
A relation for accelerating deformation of sandy soil and its application to predict the time to failure of a sandy model slope under repeated rainfall
Authors: Sasahara Katsuo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe measurement of groundwater level and surface displacement in a sandy model slope under repeated rainfall was conducted to examine the effect of repeated pore pressure loading and unloading on the slope deformation. The velocity increased with small fluctuation even immediately before failure. Positive and negative accelerations occurred due to fluctuations in the velocity. The velocity increased with a considerable rise in the groundwater level and approached its ultimate value immediately before failure. The surface displacement increased not only with the rise in the groundwater level but also with the fall of the groundwater level and under a constant groundwater level. The relationships between the velocity and the absolute value of the acceleration derived from the surface displacement were linear on a logarithmic scale and unique for each stage with increasing and decreasing velocities due to the rise and lowering in the groundwater level. While the relationship was different during the stage of creep during failure. The relationship had been recognized to be applicable only during an increase in velocity; in this paper, a new relationship was established for any velocity trend and the method for predicting the time of failure was proposed based on the relationship between the velocity and acceleration. The time remaining to failure, which was defined as the difference between the predicted failure time and present time, could approach zero at the actual failure time when the constant α in the equation was greater than 1.4, and the determining factor in regression analysis for deriving the constant was high under different periods of measurement before the final event. The time remaining to failure approaching zero might be an indicator for predicting failure time.
Typhoon Risk Perception: A Case Study of Typhoon Lekima in China
Authors: Tang Jiting , Yang Saini , Liu Yimeng , Yao Kezhen , Wang Guofu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe typhoon is one major threat to human societies and natural ecosystems, and its risk perception is crucial for contextualizing and managing disaster risks in different social settings. Social media data are a new data source for studying risk perception, because such data are timely, widely distributed, and sensitive to emergencies. However, few studies have focused on crowd sensitivity variation in social media data-based typhoon risk perception. Based on the regional disaster system theory, a framework of analysis for crowd risk perception was established to explore the feasibility of using social media data for typhoon risk perception analysis and crowd sensitivity variation. The goal was to quantitatively analyze the impact of hazard intensity and social and geographical environments on risk perception and its variation among population groups. Taking the Sina Weibo data during Typhoon Lekima of 2019 as an example, we found that: (1) Typhoon Lekima-related Weibo public attention changed in accordance with the evolution of the typhoon track and the number of Weibo posts shows a significantly positive correlation with disaster losses, while socioeconomic factors, including population, gross domestic product, and land area, are not explanatory factors of the spatial distribution of disaster-related Weibo posts; (2) Females, nonlocals with travel plans, and people living in areas with high hazard intensity, low elevation, or near waterbodies affected by Lekima paid more attention to the typhoon disaster; and (3) Descriptions of rainfall intensity by females are closer to the meteorological observation data.
Stability of Embankment Constructed on Soft Soil Treated with Soil–Cement Columns
Authors: Prakash K. G. , Krishnamoorthy A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of soil–cement (SC) columns, provided either individually or in combination with lime columns, on the stability of embankment constructed on soft consolidating soil. The stability of the embankment was evaluated in terms of both the settlement and factor of safety at various time intervals during the consolidation. The effectiveness of columns was studied numerically using the two-dimensional plane strain finite element method. Settlement, excess pore water pressure and factor of safety were obtained at various time intervals. From the study, it was concluded that SC columns were effective in improving both the settlement and factor of safety of embankment throughout the consolidation of foundation soil. Provision of SC columns with lime columns was also effective in improving the stability of embankment. In addition, the stability of the embankment was affected by the arrangement of columns in the lime and SC composite system. The arrangement most effective to improve the settlement need not be the most effective system to improve the factor of safety after the construction of the embankment.
Empirical Model for the Description of Weld Seam Geometry in Coaxial Laser Hot-Wire Deposition Welding Processes with Different Steel Wires
Authors: Budde Laura , Biester Kai , Huse Michael , Lammers Marius , Hermsdorf Jörg , Overmeyer Ludger 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCladdings are used to protect areas of components that are exposed to particular chemical, physical or tribological stresses. The aim when developing a cladding process is to achieve a cladding with low waviness in order to reduce the amount of machining required. Computational models and FEA simulations can be used to determine process parameters for claddings with low rework including a prediction of the height and width of a single weld seam aswell as the development of welding strategies. In this paper empirical models describing the geometry of single weld seams on a substrate manufactured with a coaxial laser hot-wire cladding process are investigated for three steel wire materials and different welding parameters. The coordinates of surface points of the weld seams were detected using a laser scanning microscope and post-processed by a self-created script. In order to describe the cross sectional shape of the weld seams, the parameters of parabolic, cosinusiodal or circular arc model functions are derived from the surface data using a fitting algorithm. For the tested wire materials, an effect of the wire material on the shape of the weld seam was not observed. The investigations also show that regardless of the varied welding parameter set or wire material, a circular model function appears to be the most suitable model shape for describing the cross sectional weld seam geometry in coaxial laser metal deposition with hot-wire. The regression residua using a circular arc model function ranged from 18.9 $$\upmu$$
μ
m to 34.6 $$\upmu$$
μ
m, which indicates a good approximation.
Anomaly detection for high-dimensional space using deep hypersphere fused with probability approach
Authors: Zheng Jian , Li Jingyi , Liu Cong , Wang Jianfeng , Li Jiang , Liu Hongling 
Published: March 2022

AbstractData distribution presents sparsity in a high-dimensional space, thus difficulty affording sufficient information to distinguish anomalies from normal instances. Moreover, a high-dimensional space may exist many subspaces, obviously, anomalies can exist in any subspaces. This also creates trouble for anomaly mining. Consequently, it is a challenge for anomaly mining in a high-dimensional space. To address this, here proposed a deep hypersphere method fused with probabilistic approach for anomaly mining. In the proposed method, the deep neural network is used as a feature extractor to capture those layered low-dimensional features from the data lying in a high-dimensional space. To promote the ability of the deep neural network to capture these features, the probability approach of sample binary-classification is fused into the loss function, thereby forming the probability deep neural network Then, the hypersphere is used as an anomalous detector. In the low-dimensional features extracted by the deep neural network, the anomalous detector separates anomaly features from normal features. Finally, experimental results on synthetic and real-world data sets show that the proposed method not only outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in the precision of mined anomalies, but also this hybrid method consisting of deep neural networks and traditional detection methods has outstanding capabilities of mining high-dimensional anomalies. We find that deep neural networks fusing the probabilistic method of sample multi-classification can capture these desired low-dimensional features; moreover, these captured low-dimensional features present more obvious layered characteristics. We also demonstrate that as long as these captured features represent a fewer anomaly instances, it can sufficiently identify anomalies from normal instances.
A federated learning framework for cyberattack detection in vehicular sensor networks
Authors: Driss Maha , Almomani Iman , e Huma Zil , Ahmad Jawad 
Published: March 2022

AbstractVehicular Sensor Networks (VSN) introduced a new paradigm for modern transportation systems by improving traffic management and comfort. However, the increasing adoption of smart sensing technologies with the Internet of Things (IoT) made VSN a high-value target for cybercriminals. In recent years, Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) techniques attracted the research community to develop security solutions for IoT networks. Traditional ML and DL approaches that operate with data stored on a centralized server raise major privacy problems for user data. On the other hand, the resource-constrained nature of a smart sensing network demands lightweight security solutions. To address these issues, this article proposes a Federated Learning (FL)-based attack detection framework for VSN. The proposed scheme utilizes a group of Gated Recurrent Units (GRU) with a Random Forest (RF)-based ensembler unit. The effectiveness of the suggested framework is investigated through multiple performance metrics. Experimental findings indicate that the proposed FL approach successfully detected the cyberattacks in VSN with the highest accuracy of 99.52%. The other performance scores, precision, recall, and F1 are attained as 99.77%, 99.54%, and 99.65%, respectively.
Interactive spatio-temporal feature learning network for video foreground detection
Authors: Zhang Hongrui , Li Huan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractVideo foreground detection (VFD), as one of the basic pre-processing tasks, is very essential for subsequent target tracking and recognition. However, due to the interference of shadow, dynamic background, and camera jitter, constructing a suitable detection network is still challenging. Recently, convolution neural networks have proved its reliability in many fields with their powerful feature extraction ability. Therefore, an interactive spatio-temporal feature learning network (ISFLN) for VFD is proposed in this paper. First, we obtain the deep and shallow spatio-temporal information of two paths with multi-level and multi-scale. The deep feature is conducive to enhancing feature identification capabilities, while the shallow feature is dedicated to fine boundary segmentation. Specifically, an interactive multi-scale feature extraction module (IMFEM) is designed to facilitate the information transmission between different types of features. Then, a multi-level feature enhancement module (MFEM), which provides precise object knowledge for decoder, is proposed to guide the coding information of each layer by the fusion spatio-temporal difference characteristic. Experimental results on LASIESTA, CDnet2014, INO, and AICD datasets demonstrate that the proposed ISFLN is more effective than the existing advanced methods.
Recent Advances in Design Strategies and Multifunctionality of Flexible Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Materials
Authors: Cheng Junye , Li Chuanbing , Xiong Yingfei , Zhang Huibin , Raza Hassan , Ullah Sana , Wu Jinyi , Zheng Guangping , Cao Qi , Zhang Deqing , Zheng Qingbin , Che Renchao 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
With rapid development of 5G communication technologies, electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding for electronic devices has become an urgent demand in recent years, where the development of corresponding EMI shielding materials against detrimental electromagnetic radiation plays an essential role. Meanwhile, the EMI shielding materials with high flexibility and functional integrity are highly demanded for emerging shielding applications. Hitherto, a variety of flexible EMI shielding materials with lightweight and multifunctionalities have been developed. In this review, we not only introduce the recent development of flexible EMI shielding materials, but also elaborate the EMI shielding mechanisms and the index for "green EMI shielding" performance. In addition, the construction strategies for sophisticated multifunctionalities of flexible shielding materials are summarized. Finally, we propose several possible research directions for flexible EMI shielding materials in near future, which could be inspirational to the fast-growing next-generation flexible electronic devices with reliable and multipurpose protections as offered by EMI shielding materials.
Body Image and Body Schema in Adolescents with Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Scoping Review
Authors: Bertuccelli Margherita , Cantele Francesca , Masiero Stefano 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAlterations in body representations (i.e., body image and body schema) are increasingly getting attention in clinical practice. Adolescents affected by idiopathic scoliosis experience body image dissatisfaction, and alterations in body schema have been suggested to be a consequence of the disease development. Although research has recognized the predisposing role of body representation disorders to psychopathologies, these aspects have been largely overlooked in this clinical population. This scoping review aims to establish the state of the art on the widely neglected aspects of body image and body schema disorders in adolescents affected by idiopathic scoliosis. PubMed, Scopus, PsycInfo, and MEDLINE were consulted to select articles published between 2000 and 2021. Three independent reviewers identified 27 articles by following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping review guidelines. Body image was assessed in 24 of the 27 studies. Body image disorders were reported, with more severe scoliosis cases showing higher body image dissatisfaction. Surgery seems to be the best approach to improve body image outcomes, but studies did not reveal clear associations between clinical measures of scoliosis severity (e.g., Cobb angle, hump height) and body image. Disorders of body schema have been reported, but the finding might have been biased by the paucity of studies on this aspect of body representations (4/27). This review highlighted the wide prevalence of psychological distress and body schema alterations among adolescents affected by idiopathic scoliosis; but it also revealed that both are disregarded and not properly evaluated.
Cultural variability in appraisal patterns for nine positive emotions
Authors: Cong Yong-Qi , Keltner Dacher , Sauter Disa 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEmotions result from evaluations of events, referred to as appraisals. Specific configurations of appraisals have been shown to characterize different emotions, with some variation occurring across cultures. However, appraisal research to date has focused primarily on negative emotions, though recent efforts have started to also examine the appraisal profiles of positive emotions. Cross-cultural work on the appraisals of positive emotions has, however, been scarce. Here, we examine the appraisal profiles of nine positive emotions in the US and China. Using 13 commonly employed appraisal dimensions, we investigated the evaluations of events eliciting amusement, awe, compassion, desire, gratitude, interest, love, pride, and relief. Eighty participants from China and the US recalled events from their own life involving each of these emotions and provided Likert-scale appraisal ratings for each emotional event. Consistent with previous research, we find distinct appraisal patters for each positive emotion. We also, for the first time, demonstrate cultural variations in appraisals of positive emotions. Our study extends existing research by highlighting differences in appraisals of positive emotions across cultures.