bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Syrie : un conflit gelé en trompe-l’œil
Authors: Balanche Fabrice 
Published: June 2022

La baisse des violences pourrait laisser penser que la guerre en Syrie est en passe de prendre fin. En fait, le conflit est temporairement gelé mais les conditions d'une reprise des hostilités sont bel et bien présentes. Le pays est actuellement divisé en quatre zones contrôlées respectivement par le régime épaulé par Moscou et Téhéran ; par l'administration autonome du Nord-Est soutenue par Washington ; par la Turquie ; et les djihadistes d'Hayat Tahrir Al-Sham. Le statu quo risque de ne pas durer.
Un parmi les invisibles du Jardin du roi : Jean-Nicolas Collignon (1762 – v. 1788), premier jardinier voyageur du roi
Authors: Lippi Laurence 
Published: June 2022

Bien que leur présence au sein du Jardin du roi à Paris soit indéniable, les jardiniers sont longtemps passés inaperçus dans l’historiographie de l’institution et celle de l’histoire des sciences. Et pourtant, non seulement ils ont contribué à entretenir et à conserver les plantes et les graines, principaux objets d’étude des savants botanistes mais ils ont aussi apporté leur concours à la réalisation de projets scientifiques portés ou accompagnés par l’institution. L’expédition Lapérouse offre un bel exemple du rôle joué par deux jardiniers dans la réalisation des desseins scientifiques et politiques de cette dernière campagne de l’Ancien Régime ; il s’agit d’André Thouin (1747-1824), jardinier en chef du Jardin du roi, et de Jean-Nicolas Collignon (1762 – v. 1788), premier jardinier voyageur du roi.
Phenotypic detection of metallo-beta-lactamase production in clinical isolates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Kulkarni Smita S. , Mulay Manjushree V. 
Published: June 2022

Introduction:
Carbapenem resistance due to metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL)-producing bacteria is an emerging threat worldwide. This study aimed to detect the MBL production in clinical isolates of E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae species in our hospital setting and to evaluate the efficiency of two phenotypic methods for the detection of MBL production.

Materials and Methods:
The present study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology, MGM Medical College and Hospital, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, for a period of 2 years from April 2018 to March 2020. From a total of 12,324 various clinical specimens, 393 isolates of E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae species were tested for MBL production. MBL was detected by two different phenotypic methods, i.e., combined disc test and E-test.

Results:
Out of 393 isolates, 130 (33.07%) isolates were resistant to imipenem on screening of which 71 (18.06%) were Klebsiella pneumoniae and 59 (15.01%) were E. coli. About 43.66% Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates and 40.67% E. coli isolates were MBL-positive by the combined disc test. Using the E-test, MBL production was found to be 46.47% and 45.76% in Klebsiella pneumoniae and E. coli, respectively.

Conclusion:
Routine screening of MBL-producing organisms should be performed in diagnostic laboratories to control the spread of resistance and for the proper management of antibiotic therapy. E-test is better than the combined disc test for the detection of MBL-producing gram-negative bacilli.
A study on knowledge, attitude, and practices about COVID-19 among community health officer trainees under health wellness center program study centers in Maharashtra, India
Authors: Kunde Pallavi Bhimrao , Salve Shobha Bansi , Dase Rajesh Keshavrao 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is a rapidly spreading pandemic. Under the Ayushman Bharat Scheme of Govt. of India, community health officer (CHO) trainees undergo 6 months of training to provide comprehensive primary health care to the patients attending health wellness centers.

Aims and Objectives:
This study was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAPs) about COVID-19 among CHO trainees in Maharashtra. The relation between sociodemographic factors of CHO trainees and their KAPs was also studied.

Materials and Methods:
An online study was conducted during September 15, 2020 to October 15, 2020 among CHO trainees of the March 2020 batch undergoing training under health wellness program study centers in Maharashtra using a prevalidated questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25.0.

Results:
One hundred and sixty CHO trainees participated in this study. The majority of respondents (98 [61.3%]) were females with a mean age of 27.86 years (SD 4.862) and (range 20–43 years). Seventy-five (46.8%) respondents were ayurvedic doctors, whereas 85 (53.2%) were nursing graduates. Overall, 159 (98.76%) had sufficient knowledge, 126 (78.26%) had a positive attitude, and 65 (40.37%) had fair practices toward COVID-19. Age >30 years was associated with good knowledge. CHO trainees with age ≥ 30 years and using social media to access information on COVID-19 were having a good attitude. CHO trainees with age ≥ 30 years, working in the civil hospital and those with Bachelor of Ayurveda, Medicine, and Surgery (BAMS) degrees were significantly (P < 0.05) more likely to have fair practices.

Conclusion:
Studies involving CHO training centers all over India should be conducted.
Effects of High Fidelity Simulation Model on Midwives' Shoulder Dystocia Management Skills
Authors: Çalim Sİ , Ulaş SC , Demirci H , Tayhan EB 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Shoulder dystocia is an emergency and risky situation that most likely directly involves midwives.

Aim:
The aim of this study is to determine the effects of simulation training with a high fidelity mannequin on midwives' shoulder dystocia management.

Subjects and Methods:
This study utilized a quantitative, quasi-experimental research design. No sample selection was made. The study included all midwives (n:16) working in the maternity unit of Manisa Province Hospital, Turkey. Management of shoulder dystocia was lectured both theoretically and practically, using a high fidelity simulation. Midwives' shoulder dystocia management skills and knowledge were evaluated before and after training using shoulder dystocia knowledge form and management skill checklist.

Results:
There was a statistically significant increase in their shoulder dystocia management knowledge scores and management skills after simulation-based shoulder dystocia training (P < 0.05). Before the training, the midwives (62.5%) mostly used the McRoberts maneuver and suprapubic pressure as the primary interventions in shoulder dystocia management. After training, all the midwives were able to apply secondary maneuvers (Wood's or Rubin's maneuvres or posterior arm delivery) along with the primary maneuvers, in accordance with the shoulder dystocia management algorithm.

Conclusion:
Using a high fidelity simulation model in training increased midwives' shoulder dystocia management skills and knowledge.
Knowledge and Sociodemographic Predictors of Shisha Smoking Among Students in a Nigerian University
Authors: Otakhoigbogie U , Osagbemiro BB. , Akaji EA 
Published: June 2022

Background:
There is a global rise in shisha smoking amongst the youths. Information on the prevalence and knowledge of the constituents and the harmful effects of shisha smoking is important for the development of prevention strategies and policies.

Aim:
This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the knowledge and sociodemographic predictors of shisha smoking among the university students.

Subjects and Methods:
A structured 12-item questionnaire was administered to the university students at the University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State. The prevalence, knowledge, and predictors of shisha smoking and the association between sociodemographic factors were studied. A P value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
Among the 546 university students studied, 24.7% (135) had smoked shisha. The percentage of those knowledgeable about the constituents and its ill effects of shisha smoking was 14.8% (81), those with poor knowledge was 94.1% among shisha smokers. Females and social sciences students demonstrated statistically significant better knowledge of shisha (P = 0.007, and 0.027, respectively). The main predictors of shisha smoking were: poor knowledge (odd ratio, OR = 4.48, 95% confidence interval, CI [2.02, 9.93], P = 0.001), being in 400 level of study (OR = 2.63, 95% CI [1.12, 6.13], P = 0.724) and being in the faculty of social science (OR = 1.25, 95% CI [0.50, 3.09], P = 0.638).

Conclusions:
The prevalence of shisha smoking in this study was 24.7%, and the most influential factors were the level of study, type of faculty, and knowledge of the constituents and harmful effects of shisha. Lecturers and administrators of different faculties of the university should be engaged to include shisha smoking prevention programs in their curriculum.
Newborn Care
Authors: Iganus RB , Mechanic AM , Wudiri ZW , Hill ZE , Omotara BA 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Neonatal mortality remains unacceptably high in most sub-Saharan and Asian communities, where cultural practices and poor antenatal care are common. Newborn care practices play a key role in preventing neonatal deaths.

Aims:
This study aimed to examine similarities and variations in newborn care between two major ethnic groups in northeast Nigeria.

Subjects And Methods:
Qualitative methods involving narratives, observations, focus group discussions, and in-depth interviews were used to collect data from recent mothers (ten per ethnic group) and grandmothers from the Babur/Bura and Kanuri ethnic groups in Borno State, Northeast Nigeria. A snowballing sampling technique was used to select the participants within four communities/villages (two for each ethnic group).

Results:
Babies were bathed within 30 to 45 minutes after delivery by mothers in both groups, except in case of ill health of the child and/or mother. Various substances were applied to the cord even though hygienic cord-cutting practice was reported. With the exception of early bathing, good thermal care practices were observed in both groups. Both groups applied emollients on the skin of the babies, but Bura preferred the use of shea butter to oils and lotion. Various substances were applied to other parts of the body of the baby, such as the fontanelle (Mahogany oil), anus (Neem oil and Mahogany oil), and circumcision wound (engine oil) more so among the Bura than the Kanuri. None of the substances were deemed to be harmful.

Conclusion:
Similarities and variations in newborn care exist between the two ethnic groups. There is a need for health education and promotion to encourage and facilitate positive behavioral change from old traditional practices to healthy newborn care practices among the Babur/Bura and Kanuri ethnic groups.
Effect of Different Irrigation Activation Methods on Non-Infected Dentinal Tubule Penetration of Medicaments
Authors: Zan R , Topçuoğlu HS , Hubbezoğlu İ , Görler O , Altunbas D , Ayhan M 
Published: June 2022

Background:
The whole root canal disinfection is crucial in terms of long-term endodontic success. In this context, applying medicaments following effective irrigation activation procedures becomes an important point.

Aims:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the efficacy of various irrigation activation techniques on non-infected dentinal tubule penetration of calcium hydroxide (CH), double (DAP), and triple (TAP) antibiotic pastes.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 180 extracted human permanent mandibular premolar single-rooted teeth were selected and randomly divided into a control group and four main groups according to the irrigation activation procedures (n = 36) as KTP laser irradiation, conventional needle, NaviTip FX, sonic (SI) and ultrasonic activation (UI) procedures. Each group was randomly subdivided into three subgroups according to the medicament type (n = 12); CH, DAP, and TAP. After the activation procedures, the root canals were filled with CH, TAP, and DAP mixed with 0.1% fluorescent rhodamine B isothiocyanate. Specimens were sectioned at 2, 5, and 8 mm from the apex, and all the sections were examined under a confocal laser scanning microscope to calculate the dentinal tubule penetration. Data were analyzed using a three-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc tests (P = 0.05).

Results:
TAP provided a statistically significant greater penetration than the other groups (P < 0.05). UI provided a statistically significant higher dentinal tubules penetration area than other activation procedures (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Medicament penetration depends on the type of medicament, activation procedures, and root canal level. The TAP may be preferred following the ultrasonic activation in terms of long term root canal treatment success.
Evaluation of Distance Learning and Online Exam Experience of Turkish Undergraduate Dental Students During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Çirakoglu N Yilmaz , Özbay Y 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Although distance education has been received as an effective educational method in dentistry, the assessment of distance learning and online-exam methods in instantaneous conditions such as a pandemic has not been completely researched.

Aims:
The purpose of the present study was to assess student satisfaction with the distance learning and online-exam experience of dental students in Turkey during the pandemic.

Subjects and Methods:
Dental students in selected Turkish universities were invited to participate in the research. As a data collection tool, socio-demographic data and a web-based questionnaire consisting of 23 questions, addressing the problems experienced in education during the Covid-19 pandemic period and questioning the solutions of students regarding these problems were used. Satisfaction and attitudes towards distance education and online exams were examined.

Results:
A total of 1375 students participated in the study. The percentages of students at the various grades of dental school were as follows: first grade = 11.2%, second grade = 18.2%, third grade = 28.3%, fourth grade = 27%, and fifth grade = 15.1%. There is a significant relationship between classes and all scale expressions (P < 0.05). While 11.2% of the students who responded had not experienced any problems, the most common problem was that practical training could not be performed (45.8%) and the lessons were inefficient (29.7%).

Conclusions:
Dental students demonstrated a low degree of satisfaction and a negative attitude towards distance learning and the quality of presentation of educational material.
Periodontal Disease Severity, Tooth Loss, and Periodontal Stability in Private Practice
Authors: Elemek E 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Periodontal disease diagnosis and its stability after treatment are still a field of interest for both researchers and clinicians.

Aims:
First aim of this study was to implement the new periodontal classification for the reflection of periodontitis severity in private practice. Second, periodontal stability and tooth loss were observed in patients who attended supportive periodontal therapy (SPT).

Patients and Methods:
A total of 454 patients were classified according to the new classification. To define periodontitis, patients were staged according to the clinical attachment level, and tooth and bone loss. Grading was also assessed by bone loss to age ratio, smoking, and/or presence of diabetes. Associations between periodontitis and age, gender, presence of diabetes, and smoking were also analyzed. Additionally, periodontal stability, tooth loss, and adherence to oral hygiene were recorded for those who attended SPT.

Results:
One hundred five patients were diagnosed as generalized gingivitis and 349 patients as periodontitis. Among them, 166 suffered from severe periodontitis (stage 3 or 4). Most of the patients had stage 3 grade C periodontitis (40.4%). Out of the 344 patients who attended SPT at least once, no treatment was needed in 57 (16.6%) patients who were accepted periodontally stable. Twenty-nine patients lost at least one tooth due to periodontal reason.

Conclusions:
According to the new periodontal classification, 47.6% of the patients had severe periodontitis (stage 3 or 4). Periodontal stability was observed in 16.6% of patients who attended SPT.
Comparative evaluation of vascular and clinical changes in micro and macrosurgical techniques in the management of mucogingival problems
Authors: Yadav Kirti , Dixit Jaya , Chhabra Apjit Kaur , Verma Umesh Pratap 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Mucogingival surgery is performed to resolve the problems arising due to high frenum attachment and shallow vestibular depth (VD). The surgical procedures are mainly indicated to prevent gingival recession and for esthetic reasons. The aim of this study was to compare the degree of vascularization in the treatment of mucogingival problems by both microsurgical and macrosurgical techniques.

Materials and Methods:
Forty-two participants with aberrant frenum and shallow VD were randomly selected for frenectomy, frenotomy, and vestibular deepening either by a microsurgical (test) or macrosurgical (control) approach. Fluorescein angiography was performed at 1, 7, and 14 days after the surgical procedures. In addition, patient's satisfaction scores were recorded postoperatively.

Results:
Angiographic evaluation at test site revealed a statistically significant vascularization at 1, 7, and 14 days after the surgical procedure when compared to control sites. Probing pocket depth(PPD) in both the groups in vestibular deepening procedure decreased from 1 month to 6 months, but the reduction was insignificant. There was significant reduction in VD in both the groups over a period of 6 months. Microsurgical approach in all three procedures was superior in terms of patient satisfaction than macrosurgical approach. Mean surgical time spent in vestibular deepening and frenectomy procedures was highly significant in micro group as compared to the macro group.

Conclusion:
This clinical study indicates that microsurgical approach improved the percentage of vascularization and patient satisfaction compared with macrosurgical approach.
Bazı Tahıl Türlerinde Azospirillum spp. Bakterileri ile Aşılamanın Agro-morfolojik Özellikler Üzerine Etkisi
Authors: TANRIKULU Abdulkadir , ALBAYRAK Önder 
Published: June 2022

Tane verimini ve kaliteyi arttırmak için kullanılan kimyasal gübrelere alternatif olarak Azospirillum bakterisinin kullanılabileceği bildirilmiştir. Dünya nüfusunun giderek arttığı ve kaliteli gıdaya ulaşımın zorlaştığı günümüzde kimyasal gübreye alternatif olabilecek bakteri uygulamasının bazı tahıl türlerine etkileri incelenmiştir. Kahramanmaraş koşullarında arpa, yulaf ve ekmeklik buğday türlerine ait 3’er adet çeşit ile yürütülen çalışma, tesadüf bloklarında bölünmüş parseller deneme desenine göre yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada başaklanma gün sayısı, bitki boyu, bayrak yaprak uzunluğu, başak boyu, başakta başakçık sayısı, başakta tane sayısı, başakta tane ağırlığı, m2’deki başak sayısı, bin tane ağırlığı, hektolitre ağırlığı ve tane verimi değerleri incelenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre bakteri uygulaması arpada tane verimini düşürmüş, ekmeklik buğday ve yulafta ise etkisi olmamıştır. Tane verimi arpada 371.11-531.11 kg/da, yulafta 205.55-353.33 kg/da ve buğdayda 497.78-678.89 kg/da arasında değişim göstermiştir. Çalışma sonucunda bakteri uygulamasının incelenen tahıl türlerine etkisinin önemsiz olduğu belirlenmiştir.
EFEKTIVITAS PENGGUNAAN JENIS GARAM DAN SALINITAS YANG BERBEDA TERHADAP DAYA TETAS ARTEMIA SALINA
Authors: Harefa Laureny Afrilianti , Afriani Dwi Tika , Manullang Helentina Mariance 
Published: June 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas penggunaan jenis garam dan salinitas yang berbeda terhadap daya tetas artemia salina, menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) Faktorial dengan 7 taraf perlakuan dan 3 kali ulangan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari 2022 di Laboratorium Basah, Fakultas Perikanan Universitas Dharmawangsa. Parameter yang di amati antara lain : nilai Hatching Persentase (HP) menunjukkan nilai daya tetas tetas tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan penetasan artemia dengan menggunakan garam dolpin di salinitas 30 ppt yaitu sebesar 59,43 %. Sedangkan nilai daya tetas terendah terdapat pada perlakuan penetasan artemia menggunakan garam ikan di salinitas 20 ppt yaitu sebesar 25,57 %. Cyste yang ditetaskan pada setiap perlakuan sebanyak 1 gr dengan jumlah 421.000 butir Cyste. Nilai kelulushidupan artemia atau Survival Rate (SR) tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan menggunakan garam ikan di salinitas 20 ppt yaitu sebesar 85,93%. Parameter kualitas air yang di uji adalah suhu, pH dan salinitas.
DAMPAK BUDIDAYA IKAN NILA DENGAN SISTEM DAN TEKNOLOGI KERAMABA JARING APUNG TERHADAP KUALITAS PERAIRAN DANAU TOBA
Authors: Panjaitan Pohan , Manullang Helentina Mariance 
Published: June 2022

Tulisan ini merupakan hasil kajian yang bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi dampak budidaya ikan nila dengan sistem dan teknologi Keramba Jaring Apung (KJA) terhadap kualitas perairan Danau Toba. Saat ini kualitas lingkungan (fisika, kimia dan biologi) perairan Danau Toba telah mengalami penurunan akibat aktivitas manusia khususnya industri budidaya ikan nila dengan sistem dan teknologi KJA. Sehingga air Danau Toba tidak bisa menjadibahan air minum bagi masyarakat.Penelitian dilaksanakan di Medan dan di kawasan industri budidaya ikan di perairan Danau Toba sejak Maret - April 2022. Didapat data primer berupa analisis di laboratorium tentang kadar nitrogen, fosfor dan air dari tubuh lima ekor ikan yang diambil secara acak dari unit KJA dan dari 0,5 kg pakan ikan yang digunakan dalam industri budidaya ikan nila diperairan Danau Toba dengan sistem dan teknologi KJA. Sedangkan data sekunder berupa dataproses produksi industri budidaya ikan niladari perusahaan industri budidaya ikan nila dengan sistem dan teknologi budidaya KJA di perairan Danau Toba. Data lapangan yang diperoleh bahwa jumlah total penggunaan pakan ikan di industri budidaya ikan nila sebanyak 200 ton per hari dan rasio konversi pakan sebesar 1,8. Data penelitian dianalisis dan diinterpretasikan dengandata karakteristik fisik ekosistem perairan Danau Toba. Persentase nitrogen pakan ikan dan fosfor pakan ikan nila berturut-turutut sebesar 5,23% dan 1,48%. Sedangkan persentase nitrogen tubuh ikan dan persentase fosfor tubuh ikan berturut-turut sebesar 2,61 dan 1,39.Berdasarkan jumlah pakan yang digunakan setiap hari dan tidak adanya pengolahan limbah, maka industri budidaya ikan niladi perairan Danau Toba belum tergolong industri budidaya ikanberkelanjutan karena tidak ramah lingkungan bahkansudahberpotensi menyebabkan penurunan kualitas air perairan Danau Toba