bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Palliative care interventions for people who use substances during communicable disease outbreaks: a scoping review
Authors: Lau Jenny , Ding Philip , Lo Samantha , Fazelzad Rouhi , Furlan Andrea D , Isenberg Sarina R , Spithoff Sheryl , Tedesco Alissa , Zimmermann Camilla , Buchman Daniel Z 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesWhen resources are strained during communicable disease outbreaks, novel palliative care interventions may be required to optimally support people who use substances with life-limiting illnesses. Therefore, we asked the question, ‘what is known about communicable disease outbreaks, palliative care and people who use substances?’, such as palliative care interventions that can improve the quality of life of patients with life-limiting illnesses.DesignWe conducted a scoping review that involved comprehensive searches in six bibliographic databases from inception to April 2021 (Medline ALL (Medline and Epub Ahead of Print and In-Process and Other Non-Indexed Citations), Embase Classic+Embase, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trial, PsycInfo all from the OvidSP platform, Scopus from Elsevier) and grey literature searches. We included English and French records about people ≥18 years old with life-limiting illnesses who use substances during communicable disease outbreaks. We identified, summarised and presented the findings about palliative care interventions in figures, tables and narrative descriptions.ResultsWe identified 32 records about palliative care interventions for people who use substances during communicable disease outbreaks. The majority focused on palliative care for people who use substances with AIDS during HIV epidemics (n=27, 84.4%), and approximately half were published in the USA (n=15, 46.9%). Most common substances used were alcohol (n=18, 56.3%), opioids (n=14, 43.8%) and cocaine (n=10, 31.3%). Four groups of palliative care interventions were identified: (1) symptom management (n=20, 62.5%), (2) psychosocial support (n=15, 46.9%), (3) advance care planning (n=8, 25.0%) and (4) healthcare provider training (n=6, 18.8%).ConclusionsBeyond studies on HIV epidemics, there is limited knowledge about palliative care interventions for people who use substances during communicable disease outbreaks. Research and guidance are needed about how best to provide palliative care to this population with complex needs including in resource-limited countries.ProtocolBuchman DZ, Ding P, Lo S, et al. Palliative care for people who use substances during communicable disease epidemics and pandemics. BMJ Open 2021; 11: e053124
Association between work stress and health behaviours in Korean and Japanese ageing studies: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Cheng Taozhu , Zhang Bo , Guo Jing , Pikhart Hynek 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesLimited research has focused on the association between work stress and health behaviours in Asian countries. We aimed to explore the effect of work stress on two health behaviours among employees aged 45 years or above in two countries with ageing populations, Korea and Japan.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingThis secondary data analysis was conducted on baseline data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA, 2006) and the Japanese Study of Aging and Retirement (JSTAR, 2007 and 2009).ParticipantsIncluded in the analytical sample were 4982 responders without missing data aged 45 years or older who reported work positions and hours (KLoSA n=3478, JSTAR n=1504).Main outcome measuresWork stress was represented by the short version of the effort-reward imbalance (ERI) model. We used logistic regression and multinomial logistic regression to investigate the association between work stress and smoking (binary current smoking) and between work stress and drinking (categorical volume of alcohol). Socioeconomic and work-related characteristics were taken into consideration, and we examined the potential interaction between ERI and gender.ResultsWork stress as measured by ERI ratio was significantly associated with both smoking and drinking in the KLoSA analysis; after the model was fully adjusted, ORs were 1.45 (95% CI 1.17 to 1.80) and 1.44 (95% CI 1.09 to 1.90), respectively. In analysis of the data from JSTAR, the ERI ratio was associated with smoking (OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.89) but not with drinking. No statistically significant interaction was found between ERI and gender in any model (p=0.82 in KLoSA data and p=0.19 in JSTAR data).ConclusionsStatistically significant associations were found between work stress and both smoking and drinking behaviours in Korea and between work stress and smoking in Japan. Government integration of effort-reward balance programmes and health promotion programmes could effectively promote population health in these two Asian countries.
Preoperative and postoperative memory in epilepsy patients with ‘gliosis only’ versus hippocampal sclerosis: a matched case–control study
Authors: Taube Julia , Witt Juri-Alexander , Grote Alexander , Delev Daniel , Enkirch Jonas , Hattingen Elke , Becker Albert J , Elger Christian Erich , Helmstaedter Christoph 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundGliosis only (GO) and hippocampal sclerosis (HS) are distinct histopathological entities in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. This study explores whether this distinction also exists on a functional level when evaluating pre- and postoperative memory.MethodsUsing a retrospective matched case–control study design, we analysed verbal and visual memory performance in 49 patients with GO and 49 patients with HS before and one year after elective surgery.ResultsClinical differences were evident with a later age at seizure onset (18±12 vs 12±9 years) and fewer postoperative seizure-free patients in the GO group (63% vs 82%). Preoperatively, group and individual-level data demonstrated that memory impairments were less frequent, less severe and relatively non-specific in patients with GO compared with HS. Postoperatively, verbal memory declined in both groups, particularly after left-sided resections, with more significant losses in patients with GO. Factoring in floor effects, GO was also associated with more significant visual memory loss, particularly after left resections.ConclusionsCompared with HS, GO is characterised by (1) a later onset of epilepsy, (2) less pronounced and more non-specific memory impairments before surgery, (3) a less successful surgical outcome and (4) a more significant memory decline after surgery. Overall, our results regarding cognition provide further evidence that GO and HS are distinct clinical entities. Functional integrity of the hippocampus appears higher in GO, as indicated by a better preoperative memory performance and worse memory outcome after surgery. The different risk–benefit ratios should be considered during presurgical patient counselling.
Antibodies to FXa and thrombin in patients with SLE differentially regulate C3 and C5 cleavage
Authors: McDonnell Thomas , Amarnani Raj , Spicer Carina , Jbari Hajar , Pericleous Charis , Spiteri Valentina A , Wincup Chris , Artim-Esen Bahar , Mackie Ian , Botto Marina , Rahman Anisur , Giles Ian 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesThe significance of antibodies directed against activated factor X (FXa) and thrombin (Thr) in patients with SLE and/or antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is unknown. FXa and Thr are coregulated by antithrombin (AT) and activate complement. Therefore, we studied the ability of anti activated factor X (aFXa) and/or anti-(a)Thr IgG from patients with SLE±APS to modulate complement activation.MethodsPatients with SLE±APS were selected on the basis of known aThr and/or aFXa IgG positivity, and the effects of affinity-purified aFXa/aThr IgG on FXa and Thr-mediated C3 and C5 activation were measured ±AT. Structural analyses of FXa and Thr and AT–FXa and AT–Thr complexes were analysed in conjunction with the in vitro ability of AT to regulate aFXa–FXa and aThr–Thr-mediated C3/C5 activation.ResultsUsing affinity-purified IgG from n=14 patients, we found that aThr IgG increased Thr-mediated activation of C3 and C5, while aFXa IgG did not increase C3 or C5 activation. Structural analysis identified potential epitopes and predicted a higher likelihood of steric hindrance of AT on FXa by aFXa IgG compared with the AT–Thr–aThr IgG complex that was confirmed by in vitro studies. Longitudinal analysis of 58 patients with SLE (±APS) did not find a significant association between positivity for aFXa or aTHr IgG and C3 levels or disease activity, although there was a trend for patients positive for aFXa IgG alone or both aFXa and aThr IgG to have lower levels of C3 compared with aThr IgG alone during clinical visits.ConclusionsWe propose a novel method of complement regulation in patients with SLE±APS whereby aFXa and aThr IgG may have differential effects on complement activation.
The analgesic benefit of Pericapsular Nerve Group (PENG) block in hip arthroscopic surgery: a retrospective pragmatic analysis at an academic health center
Authors: Patel Vanisha , Patel Vivesh , Abdallah Faraj , Whelan Daniel , Bansal Shikha , Gabra Martino , Brull Richard 
Published: August 2022

IntroductionThe novel pericapsular nerve group (PENG) block has recently been reported to provide effective motor-sparing local anesthetic-based analgesia to the hip joint. We aimed to evaluate the analgesic efficacy and safety of a preoperative PENG block among patients undergoing ambulatory hip arthroscopic surgery where systemic analgesia is the gold standard.MethodsWe conducted a single-center, retrospective pragmatic exploratory cohort study of consecutive outpatient hip arthroscopic surgery cases from January 2017 to March 2019. We identified 164 cases in which patients received general anesthesia with or without a preoperative PENG block. The primary analgesic outcome measures were time to first postoperative analgesic request, intraoperative and postoperative opioid consumption (intravenous morphine equivalent), and postoperative pain severity (visual analog scale 10 cm scale ranging from 0=no pain to 10=severe pain) in hospital. Secondary outcomes included duration of stay in the postanesthesia care unit, opioid-related side effects, time to discharge readiness, and block-related complications.ResultsSeventy-five cases received a preoperative PENG block and 89 cases received systemic analgesia alone. The addition of a PENG block reduced intraoperative (6.6 mg vs 7.5 mg, difference: 0.9 mg; 95% CI 0.2 to 1.7; p=0.01) and postoperative (10.7 mg vs 13.9 mg, difference: 3.2 mg; 95% CI 0.9 to 5.5; p=0.01) intravenous morphine consumption, as well as the mean (3.5 vs 4.2, difference: 0.7; 95% CI 0.1 to 1.3; p=0.03) and highest (5.5 vs 6.5, difference: 1.0; 95% CI 0.2 to 1.7; p=0.02) postoperative pain severity scores in hospital. The PENG block did not prolong the time to first analgesic request (15.8 min vs 12.3 min, difference: 3.5 min; 95% CI −9.0 to 2.0; p=0.23). Fewer patients in the PENG group experienced postoperative nausea and vomiting compared with systemic analgesia alone (36% vs 52%, OR 1.9; 95% CI 1.0 to 3.6; p=0.02), while the PENG block expedited discharge readiness (165.0 min vs 202.8 min, difference: 37.8 min; 95% CI 2.9 to 72.3; p=0.04). No block-related complications were noted in any patient.DiscussionBased on our retrospective dataset, this pragmatic exploratory cohort study suggests that a preoperative PENG block is associated with questionable improvements in postoperative in-hospital analgesic outcomes which may or may not prove to be clinically relevant when compared with systemic analgesia alone for patients undergoing hip arthroscopic surgery. This small signal should be investigated in a prospective randomized trial.
Examining physical literacy in young adults: psychometric properties of the PLAYself
Authors: Kleis Rachel R. , Dlugonski Deirdre , Baker Carrie S. , Hoch Johanna M. , Hoch Matthew C. 
Published: August 2022

The PLAYself is a commonly utilized tool to assess physical literacy in child and adolescent populations. Currently, there are no measurement tools designed to examine physical literacy among adults. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine the psychometric properties of PLAYself subsections in a sample of young adults. Two hundred forty-five young adults (ages 18–25) from the United States completed the PLAYself questionnaire. Multiple principal component analyses using promax rotation were utilized to assess the current factor structure of the PLAYself subsections. Each subsection was analyzed independently to explore individual summary components. PLAYself subsections were assessed for reliability using Cronbach's α, inter-item correlations, and item-total correlations. A multi-factor structure was identified for each PLAYself subsection. A 2-factor structure was identified for the Environment subsection accounting for 55.2% of the variance. A 2-factor structure was identified for the Physical Literacy Self-Description subsection accounting for 57.1% of the variance. A 3-factor structure was identified for the Relative Ranking of Literacies subsection accounting for 70.3% of the variance. The Environment, Physical Literacy Self-Description, and Relative Ranking of Literacies subsections demonstrated poor ( α = 0.577), good ( α = 0.89), and acceptable ( α = 0.79) internal consistencies, respectively. The Physical Literacy Self-Description subsection demonstrated the best psychometric properties in our sample, and thus may be an appropriate tool to assess physical literacy in a young adult population until additional measurement tools are developed.
Superradiance scattering off Kerr-like black hole and its shadow in the bumblebee gravity with noncommutative spacetime
Authors: Jha Sohan Kumar , Rahaman Anisur 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe consider a bumblebee gravity-based Kerr-like black hole in a noncommutative (NC) background and study the superradiance effect and the shadow cast. We extensively study the different aspects of the black hole associated with a generalized Kerr-like spacetime metric endowed with the corrections jointly linked with Lorentz violation and NC spacetime effect. We examine the deviation of shape, and size of the ergosphere, energy emission rate, in this generalized situation. We also examine the influence of admissible values of Lorentz violating parameter $$\ell $$
ℓ
and NC parameter b on the superradiance effect and shadow of the black hole. The admissible range has been determined from the observation of the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) collaboration concerning $$M87^{*}$$

M

87

∗

astronomical black hole. We observe that the superradiance phenomena has a crucial dependence on the parameter $$\ell $$
ℓ
and b apart from its dependence on a or $${\hat{a}}= \sqrt{\ell +1}a$$

a
^

=

ℓ
+
1

a

which is linked with the spin of the black hole. We also observe that with the increase in Lorentz violating parameter $$\ell $$
ℓ
, the size of the black hole shadow increases, and with the increase in the NC parameter b the size of the black hole decreases. We have made an attempt to constrain the NC parameters b of this modified Kerr-like black hole by using the data available from the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) collaboration. This study shows that black holes associated with NC Kerr-like spacetime may be a suitable candidate for the astrophysical black holes.
Can the fundamental principles of non-fiction writing be applied to fiction?
Authors: Yaffe Philip 
Published: August 2022

Each "Communication Corner" essay is self-contained; however, they build on each other. For best results, before reading this essay and doing the exercise, go to the first essay "How an Ugly Duckling Became a Swan," then read each succeeding essay.
So-called "creative writing" (fiction) and "expository writing" (non-fiction) are often thought of as distinct (and even antithetical) disciplines. True, there are significant differences, but there are also significant similarities. These should not be ignored.
CYP4F2-Catalyzed Metabolism of Arachidonic Acid Promotes Stromal Cell-Mediated Immunosuppression in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Chen Xuehan , Liu Yanzhuo , Wang Yang , Wang Chenlong , Chen Xuewei , Xiong Yu , Liu Lilong , Yuan Xi , Tang Honglin , Shu Chong , Zhang Jing , Guo Austin M. , Chen Honglei , Yang Jing 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Fatty acid synthesis facilitates tumor cell immune escape and immunotherapy resistance. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 4A and 4F, the major ω-hydroxylases that convert arachidonic acid (AA) into 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE), are implicated in inflammation and cancer. However, the role of CYP4 ω-hydroxylases in immune evasion remains unclear. Here, we determined that 20-HETE derived from the CYP4F2 isoenzyme governs immune evasion in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in a CD8+ T-cell-dependent manner. Mechanistically, CYP4F2 induced expression of immune checkpoint PD-L1 and production of proangiogenic factors IL6 and TGFβ in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) via the 20-HETE-GPR75-STAT3-c-Jun axis. Tumors with high CYP4F2 expression were more resistant to anti-PD-1 treatment, whereas inhibition of CYP4F2 enhanced the efficacy of anti-PD-1 therapy in human NSCLC organoids and mouse models. Collectively, these data delineate that CYP4F2-dependent AA metabolism controls CAF-mediated immune evasion. CYP4F2 inhibition combined with PD-1 antibody represents a promising therapeutic approach for immunotherapy-resistant lung cancer.

Significance:
The identification of a role for CYP4F2-dependent metabolism in driving immune evasion in non–small cell lung cancer reveals a strategy to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy by inhibiting CYP4F2.
See related article by Van Ginderachter, p. 3882
Interactions in CSF1-Driven Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumors
Authors: van IJzendoorn David G.P. , Matusiak Magdalena , Charville Gregory W. , Spierenburg Geert , Varma Sushama , Colburg Deana R.C. , van de Sande Michiel A.J. , van Langevelde Kirsten , Mohler David G. , Ganjoo Kristen N. , Bui Nam Q. , Avedian Raffi S. , Bovée Judith V.M.G. , Steffner Robert , West Robert B. , van de Rijn Matt 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Purpose:
A major component of cells in tenosynovial giant cell tumor (TGCT) consists of bystander macrophages responding to CSF1 that is overproduced by a small number of neoplastic cells with a chromosomal translocation involving the CSF1 gene. An autocrine loop was postulated where the neoplastic cells would be stimulated through CSF1R expressed on their surface. Here, we use single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to investigate cellular interactions in TGCT.

Experimental Design:
A total of 18,788 single cells from three TGCT and two giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) samples underwent scRNA-seq. The three TGCTs were additionally analyzed using long-read RNA sequencing. Immunofluorescence and IHC for a range of markers were used to validate and extend the scRNA-seq findings.

Results:
Two recurrent neoplastic cell populations were identified in TGCT that are highly similar to nonneoplastic synoviocytes. We identified GFPT2 as a marker that highlights the neoplastic cells in TCGT. We show that the neoplastic cells themselves do not express CSF1R. We identified overlapping MAB features between the giant cells in TGCT and GCTB.

Conclusions:
The neoplastic cells in TGCT are highly similar to nonneoplastic synoviocytes. The lack of CSF1R on the neoplastic cells indicates they may be unaffected by current therapies. High expression of GFPT2 in the neoplastic cells is associated with activation of the YAP1/TAZ pathway. In addition, we identified expression of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor in the neoplastic cells. These findings suggest two additional pathways to target in this tumor.
Correlation between nicotine dependence and inflammatory biomarkers in Thai smokers: Eight weeks of synbiotic intervention
Authors: Lalitsuradej Ekasit , Pratummas Parama , Sittiprapaporn Phakkharawat , Chaiyasut Chaiyavat 
Published: August 2022

<span>Cigarette smoke contains thousands of man-made substances, and many may contribute to addiction and inflammation. This study examined the effect of synbiotics on the Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence (FTND) and inflammatory markers in Thai smokers. 14 smokers with a Nicotine Dependence Fagerstrom Test scores of 4 or higher and no pregnancy or lactation history participated in this study. We gave them surveys about the FTND and continued blood tests for Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), lactulose and mannitol ratios (LMR), Quinolinic acid (QA), and 5-hydroindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) to record inflammatory marker levels and leaky gut information. Pearson's R-values for LPS and LMR were 0.444 and -0.465. FTND showed a positive correlation with LPS and a negative correlation with leaky gut, but both relationships were weak due to no correlation for LPS but leaky gut. The R<sup>2</sup> of the LPS correlation coefficient was 0.197, p = 0.112, and the R<sup>2</sup> of the leaky gut correlation was 0.217, </span><em><span>p</span></em><span> 0.001. FTND, LMR, and QA were significantly reduced, while 5-HIAA was elevated. Further investigation is needed to determine the association between smoking and inflammation. In conclusion, synbiotics improved FTND, gut permeability, and inflammation. </span>
Pneumonia binary classification using multi-scale feature classification network on chest x-ray images
Authors: Mandeel Thulfiqar H. , Awad Salah M. , Naji Shama 
Published: August 2022

<span lang="EN-US">According to the world health organization, pneumonia was the cause for 14% of all deaths of children under 5 years old. A computer-aided diagnosis (CADx) system can help the radiologist in the detection of pneumonia in chest radiographs by serving as a second opinion. The typical CADx is based on transfer learning which is done by transferring the learning of feature extraction from one task with plenty of available data to a related task with a scarcity of data. This approach has two limitations which are first, blocking the transferred model from extracting the features that are singular to the new dataset as well as the inability to reduce the complexity of the original model. To address these drawbacks, we proposed a convolutional neural network (CNN) model with low complexity and three paths for feature extraction. The proposed model extracts three different types of features and concatenates them into one feature that provides a good representation for the classes. The proposed model was evaluated on a publicly available dataset. The results showed outperformance by the proposed model compared to the transfer learning models with recall 0.912±0.039, precision 0.942±0.029, F-beta score 0.93, and Cohen’s kappa score 0.740±0.008. </span>
Proposing a route recommendation algorithm for vehicles based on receiving video
Authors: Huu Phat Nguyen , Quynh Phuong Tong Thi , Ngoc Thien Pham , Minh Quang Tran 
Published: August 2022

<span>In this paper, we propose a method to classify traffic status for the route recommendation system based on received videos. The system will determine the number of vehicles in the region of interest (ROI) to determine and calculate the coefficient of variation (CV) based on the videos extracted from cameras at intersections. It then predicts the congested traffic junctions in the city. The data then goes through the routing module and is transmitted to the website to find the best path between the source and destination requested by users. In this system, we use you only look once (YOLOv5) for vehicle detection and the A* algorithm for routing. The results show that the proposed system achieves 91.67% accuracy in detecting traffic status comparing with YOLOv1, deep convolutional neural network (DCNN), convolutional neural network (CNN), and support vector machine (SVM) models as 91.2%, 90.2%, 89.5%, and 85.0%, respectively. </span>