bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (CIDP): Current Therapies
and Future Approaches
Authors: Svačina Martin K.R. , Lehmann Helmar C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract:
Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) is an acquired immune-mediated polyradiculoneuropathy
leading to disability via inflammatory demyelination of peripheral nerves. Various therapeutic
approaches with different mechanisms of action are established for the treatment of CIDP. Of those, corticosteroids,
intravenous or subcutaneous immunoglobulin, or plasma exchange are established first-line therapies
as suggested by the recently revised EAN/PNS guidelines for the management of CIDP. In special cases,
immunosuppressants or rituximab may be used. Novel therapeutic approaches currently undergoing clinical
studies include molecules or monoclonal antibodies interacting with Fc receptors on immune cells to alleviate
immune-mediated neuronal damage. Despite various established therapies and the current development of novel
therapeutics, treatment of CIDP remains challenging due to an heterogeneous disease course and the lack of
surrogate parameters to predict the risk of clinical deterioration. This review summarizes established therapies
for CIDP and provides an outlook on future therapeutic approaches.
An Approach to Pharmacological Targets of Pyrrole Family From Medicinal Chemistry Viewpoint
Authors: Amini Mohsen , Moghadam Ebrahim Saeedian , Mireskandari Katayoon , Abdel-Jalil Raid 
Published: March 2022

Abstract:Pyrrole is one of the most widely used heterocycles in the pharmaceutical industry. Due to the importance of pyrrole structure in drug design and development, herein, we tried to conduct an extensive review of the bioactive pyrrole-based compounds reported recently. The bioactivity of pyrrole derivatives varies, so in the review, we categorized them based on their direct pharmacologic targets. Therefore, readers are able to find the variety of biological targets for pyrrole-containing compounds easily. This review explains around seventy different biologic targets for pyrrole-based derivatives, so it is helpful for medicinal chemists in the design and development of novel bioactive compounds for different diseases. This review presents an extensive, meaningful structure-activity relationship for each reported structure as much as possible. The review focuses on papers published between 2018 and 2020.
Multifunctional 99mTc-5-azacitidine Gold Nanoparticles: Formulation,
In Vitro Cytotoxicity, Radiosynthesis, and In Vivo Pharmacokinetic Study
Authors: Rashed Hassan M. , Sakr Tamer M. , Eldin Samar S. Ezz , Hassan Amira H. , Salem Heba F. 
Published: March 2022

Background:
5-azacitidine is a very potent chemotherapeutic agent that suffers from certain limitation.

Objective:
This study aims to prepare gold nanoparticles as a new nano-formula of 5-azacitidine that can improve its bioavailability and decrease its side effects.

Methods:
5-azacytidine loaded GA-AuNPs were prepared and characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, infrared (IR) and transmission electronic microscope (TEM). This new platform was characterized in vitro by measuring its zeta potential, particle size, drug loading efficacy and its anti-proliferative effect on MCF-7 cell line was evaluated. In vivo biodistribution studies of 99mTc-5-aza solution and 99mTc-5-aza-gold nano formula were conducted in tumor bearing mice by different routes of administration (Intravenous and Intra-tumor).

Results:
5-Aza-GA-AuNPs formula was successfully prepared with optimum particle size of ≈34.66 nm, zeta potential of -14.4 mV and high entrapment efficiency. 99mTc-5-Aza-GA-AuNPs was efficient radiosynthesized (95.4%). Biodistribution studies showed high selective accumulation in tumor and low uptake in non-target organs in case of 5-Aza-GA-AuNPs formula than 99mTc-5-azacitidine solution.

Conclusion:
99mTc-5-Aza-GA-AuNPs had succeeded to improve the selectivity and uptake of 5-azacitidine in cancer. Moreover, 99mTc-5-Aza-GA-AuNPs could be used as a hopeful theranostic radiopharmaceutical preparation for cancer.
Melatonin As An Antioxidant Agent In Disease Prevention: A Biochemical Focus
Authors: Akhzari Morteza , Barazesh Mahdi , Jalili Sajad 
Published: March 2022

Abstract:In recent years, free radicals and oxidative stress are associated with aging, cancer, atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative disorders, diabetes, and inflammatory diseases. Confirming the role of oxidants in numerous pathological situations, including cancer, developing antioxidants as therapeutic platforms are needed. It has been well established that melatonin and its derived metabolites function as endogenous free-radical scavengers and broad-spectrum antioxidants. To achieve this function, melatonin can directly detoxify reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species and indirectly overexpress antioxidant enzymes while suppressing the activity of pro-oxidant enzymes. Many investigations have also confirmed the role of melatonin and its derivatives in different physiological processes and therapeutic functions, such as controlling the circadian rhythm and immune functions. This review aimed to focus on melatonin as a beneficial agent for the stimulation of antioxidant enzymes and inhibition of lipid peroxidation and to evaluate its contribution to protection against oxidative damages. In addition, the clinical application of melatonin in several diseases is discussed. Finally, the safety and efficacy of melatonin in clinical backgrounds are also reviewed.
Cryofibrinogenemia: What Rheumatologists Should Know
Authors: Santiago Mittermayer B. , Melo Bartira Souza 
Published: March 2022

Abstract:Cryofibrinogenemia refers to the presence of cryofibrinogen in plasma. This protein has the property of precipitating at lower temperatures. Cryofibrinogenemia is a rare disorder, clinically characterized by skin lesions, such as ulcers, necrosis, livedo reticularis, arthralgia, thrombosis, and limb ischemia. These features are most often observed in rheumatological practice and consist of differential diagnoses of antiphospholipid syndrome, primary vasculitis, thrombotic thrombocyto-penic purpura, and cryoglobulinemia. Classical histopathological findings include the presence of thrombi within the lumen of blood vessels of the skin without vasculitis. To date, there are no vali-dated classification criteria. Management includes corticosteroids, immunosuppressive therapy, an-ticoagulants, and fibrinolytic agents. This narrative review aims to make physicians, particularly rheumatologists, aware of the existence of this underdiagnosed condition. There are no epidemio-logical studies evaluating the prevalence of cryofibrinogenemia in different rheumatological disor-ders. Studies are also required to investigate if certain features of rheumatological diseases are relat-ed to the presence of cryofibrinogenemia.
Uterine Tumor Resembling Ovarian Sex Cord Tumors (UTROSCT): Two
Case Reports of the Rare Uterine Neoplasm with Literature Review
Authors: Guo Zhiqiang , Pang Li , Dai Yawen , Ren Fang , Peng Xu 
Published: March 2022

Introduction:
Uterine tumors resembling ovarian sex cord tumors (UTROSCTs) are rare
neoplasms with unknown etiology. This type of tumor has low malignant potential and mostly manifests
as a benign clinical course.

Materials and Methods:
This article analyzes the case data, clinical manifestations, and histopathological
characteristics of two cases of UTROSCT, and reviews the relevant literature. The diagnosis of
UTROSCT is mainly based on histopathological examination. The histological characteristics of granulosa
and Sertoli cell tumours are similar to the ovary under the microscope. These cases' clinical and
radiological (MRI) findings have also been discussed.

Results:
The sex cord components are mixed in different proportions. The immunohistochemistry is
diverse and can express sex cord markers together with both epithelial and smooth muscle markers.
Both two cases revealed the signs of intratumoral cystic degeneration, intratumoral hemorrhage, and
necrosis under MRI. These MRI features were helpful to prompt UTROSCT, which is histologically
similar to granular cell tumors and is conducive to the differential diagnosis.

Conclusion:
The current recommended treatment is total hysterectomy, but its biological behavior is
not yet clear, and long-term follow-up is needed.
An Unusual Complication of Transarterial Chemoembolization of
Hepatocellular Carcinoma; Pseudoaneurysm: A Case Report
Authors: Atay Musa , Ozdemir Huseyin 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is a globally recognised treatment
method for hepatic tumors, especially unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Although the
technique is relatively safe, it may cause serious complications, such as liver abscess, liver failure, and
non-target embolization. Here, the case of a rare complication of TACE is presented.

Case Presentation:
A-55-year-old male patient was referred to the interventional radiology department
for surgically unresectable HCC. CT scan showed a heterogeneously enhancing lesion with capsular
enhancement consistent with HCC. On MRI examination, a central necrotic part was seen within the
lesion, and TACE was performed. At the end of the TACE, a pseudoaneurysm of the hepatic artery
was detected, which was successfully embolized with pushable micro-coils.

Conclusion:
To the best of our knowledge, very few cases of pseudoaneurysm of the hepatic artery
have been described in the literature, and in those cases, the cause has been thought to be guidewire
manipulation. In contrast, in the current case, it was thought that it might occur due to central necrosis
and central perfusion insufficiency of the lesion. Pseudoaneurysm is a treatable condition with coil
embolization.
Comprehensive Performance Analysis of Soft Data Fusion Schemes under
SSDF Attacks in Cognitive Radio Networks
Authors: Bouzegag Younes , Djamal Teguig , Abdelmadjid Maali 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Trust and security are the biggest challenges facing the Cooperative Spectrum
Sensing (CSS) process in Cognitive Radio Networks (CRNs). The Spectrum Sensing Data Falsification
(SSDF) attack is considered the biggest threat menacing CSS.

Methods:
This paper investigates the performance of different soft data combining rules such as Maximal
Ratio Combining (MRC), Square Law Selection (SLS), Square Law Combining (SLC), and Selection
Combining (SC), in the presence of Always Yes and Always No Malicious User (AYMU and
ANMU).

Results:
This comparative study aims to assess the impact of such malicious users on the reliability of
various soft data fusion schemes in terms of miss detection and false alarm probabilities. Furthermore,
computer simulations are performed to show that the soft data fusion scheme using MRC is the best in
the field of soft data computing.

Conclusion:
ANMU has a slight impact on CSS. Yet, AYMU affects the cooperative detection performance.
Cooperative Spectrum Sensing under SISO and MIMO Environment for
Cognitive Radio Networks
Authors: Bani Kavita , Kulkarni Vaishali 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Increasing demand for wireless devices leads to the efficient use of spectrum
resources. Despite the limited availability of spectrum resources, all licensed users do not utilize their
spectrum all the time.

Objective:
Cognitive Radio (CR) is used to detect free channels in the available spectrum resources
and access them dynamically without interfering with licensed users. Various spectrum sensing (SS)
techniques are available to sense the spectrum of licensed users.

Methods:
The spectrum sensing technique, energy detector (ED), is analysed under a Rayleigh fading
channel. Further, Single Input Single Output (SISO) and Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO)
channel models are developed in the consumer environment. The ED technique is further analysed
with cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS) to overcome detection problems for a single CR user.

Results:
The ED achieves a probability of detection (PD) of 0.9 and a probability of false alarm (PFA)
of 0.1 at the lowest SNR of −20 dB, which is the requirement for a standard IEEE 802.22 Wireless
Regional Area Network (WRAN).

Conclusion:
Various receiver operating characteristics are determined by conducting practical simulations
and theoretical calculations for each SISO and MIMO channel model with and without the CSS
scenario to achieve the target PD and PFA .
Correlation of Personality Traits and Academic Performance of
Jordanian Medical Students: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Miles Katherine , El-Sheikh Yasar A. , Humaidat Eman , Banat Yazan , Ibrahim Nada , Suheimat Ghayd 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Differences in personality may have an impact on academic performance,
however, academic assessments aim to measure knowledge, skills, and behavior
domains rather than personality.

Objectives:
To investigate the relation between personality traits and academic performance
of medical students and evaluate if correlations between personality traits and examination
scores are affected by gender or stage of study (pre-clinical versus clinical).

Methods:
This cross-sectional study used an online questionnaire to identify Big Five Model
personality traits of medical students at the Hashemite University, Jordan. A stratified
sampling technique, according to the stage of study and gender, resulted in a sample
of 307 medical students who completed the questionnaire. Grade Point Average (GPA)
scores, as a measure of academic performance, were retrieved from the University database
for each participant and data was analysed using SPSS 16.0. The correlation between personality
traits and GPA score was investigated using Pearson coefficient. Two-way
ANOVA testing investigated the effect of gender and stage of study and the interaction of
these factors with personality traits on GPA.

Results:
Only conscientiousness had a significant positive correlation with GPA (r = .231, p
< .001). Two-way ANOVA showed only conscientiousness had a statistically significant
effect on GPA (F (1, n=307) = 10.353, p = .001). Investigating the interaction between gender,
stage of study and personality traits on GPA, showed only a statistically significant interaction
effect between stage of study and openness on GPA (F (1, n=307) = 10.297, p
=.001).

Conclutions:
Overall, personality traits did not unduly influence the assessment procedures,
except a positive correlation of conscientiousness with academic performance and interaction
between openness and stage of study with academic performance. These findings, from
a developing country, advance our understanding of correlations between personality traits
and academic performance and may inform the development of equitable assessments in
similar contexts worldwide.
Voice-Enabled Intelligent Virtual Agents for People With Amnesia: Systematic Review
Authors: Boumans Roel , van de Sande Yana , Thill Serge , Bosse Tibor 
Published: March 2022

Background
Older adults often have increasing memory problems (amnesia), and approximately 50 million people worldwide have dementia. This syndrome gradually affects a patient over a period of 10-20 years. Intelligent virtual agents may support people with amnesia.

Objective
This study aims to identify state-of-the-art experimental studies with virtual agents on a screen capable of verbal dialogues with a target group of older adults with amnesia.

Methods
We conducted a systematic search of PubMed, SCOPUS, Microsoft Academic, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and CrossRef on virtual agent and amnesia on papers that describe such experiments. Search criteria were (Virtual Agent OR Virtual Assistant OR Virtual Human OR Conversational Agent OR Virtual Coach OR Chatbot) AND (Amnesia OR Dementia OR Alzheimer OR Mild Cognitive Impairment). Risk of bias was evaluated using the QualSyst tool (University of Alberta), which scores 14 study quality items. Eligible studies are reported in a table including country, study design type, target sample size, controls, study aims, experiment population, intervention details, results, and an image of the agent.

Results
A total of 8 studies was included in this meta-analysis. The average number of participants in the studies was 20 (SD 12). The verbal interactions were generally short. The usability was generally reported to be positive. The human utterance was seen in 7 (88%) out of 8 studies based on short words or phrases that were predefined in the agent’s speech recognition algorithm. The average study quality score was 0.69 (SD 0.08) on a scale of 0 to 1.

Conclusions
The number of experimental studies on talking about virtual agents that support people with memory problems is still small. The details on the verbal interaction are limited, which makes it difficult to assess the quality of the interaction and the possible effects of confounding parameters. In addition, the derivation of the aggregated data was difficult. Further research with extended and prolonged dialogues is required.
Emotional Word Use in Informal Carers of People Living With Dementia: Linguistic Analysis of Online Discussion Forums
Authors: Donnellan Warren James , Warren Jasmine Grace 
Published: March 2022

Background
Informal dementia care is uniquely stressful and necessitates effective methods of identifying and understanding the needs of potentially at-risk carers so that they can be supported and sustained in their roles. One such method is examining carers’ engagement in online support platforms. Research has explored emotional word use on online discussion forums as a proxy for underlying emotional functioning. We are not aware of any research that has analyzed the content of posts on discussion forums specific to carers of people living with dementia in order to examine their emotional states.

Objective
We addressed the following research questions: (1) To what extent does emotional language use differ between carers of people living with dementia and noncarers? (2) To what extent does emotional language use differ between spousal and parental carers? (3) To what extent does emotional language use differ between current and former carers?

Methods
We used the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) program to examine emotional word use on a UK-based online forum for informal carers of people living with dementia and a discussion forum control group. Carers were separated into different subgroups for the analysis: current and former, and spousal and parental.

Results
We found that carers of people living with dementia used significantly more negative, but not positive, emotion words than noncarers. Spousal carers used more emotion words overall than parental carers, specifically more negative emotion words. Former carers used more emotional words overall than current carers, specifically more positive words.

Conclusions
The findings suggest that informal carers of people living with dementia may be at increased risk of negative emotional states relative to noncarers. Greater negativity in spousal carers may be explained by increased caregiver burden, whereas greater positivity in former carers may be explained by functional relief of caregiving responsibilities. The theoretical/applied relevance of these findings is discussed.
Perceptions of In-home Monitoring Technology for Activities of Daily Living: Semistructured Interview Study With Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Camp Nicola , Johnston Julie , Lewis Martin G C , Zecca Massimiliano , Di Nuovo Alessandro , Hunter Kirsty , Magistro Daniele 
Published: March 2022

Background
Many older adults prefer to remain in their own homes for as long as possible. However, there are still questions surrounding how best to ensure that an individual can cope with autonomous living. Technological monitoring systems are an attractive solution; however, there is disagreement regarding activities of daily living (ADL) and the optimal technologies that should be used to monitor them.

Objective
This study aimed to understand older adults’ perceptions of important ADL and the types of technologies they would be willing to use within their own homes.

Methods
Semistructured interviews were conducted on the web with 32 UK adults, divided equally into a younger group (aged 55-69 years) and an older group (≥70 years).

Results
Both groups agreed that ADL related to personal hygiene and feeding were the most important and highlighted the value of socializing. The older group considered several activities to be more important than their younger counterparts, including stair use and foot care. The older group had less existing knowledge of monitoring technology but was more willing to accept wearable sensors than the younger group. The younger group preferred sensors placed within the home but highlighted that they would not have them until they felt that daily life was becoming a struggle.

Conclusions
Overall, technological monitoring systems were perceived as an acceptable method for monitoring ADL. However, developers and carers must be aware that individuals may express differences in their willingness to engage with certain types of technology depending on their age and circumstances.
Journal`s Award in 2018: Salam O. Salman, MD, DDS, FACS
Authors: Tymofieiev Oleksii 
Published: March 2022

Salam O. Salman, MD, DDS, FACS serves in the University of Florida, College of Medicine–Jacksonville as:

•	Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery.
•	Program Director, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Residency.
•	Clerkship Director.

And we cannot even estimate a huge contribution to the Journal that Dr. Salman (Fig) does not only with the cutting-edge articles (Co-authors: Quimby and Fernandes) but also in his work at a position of Section Editor─Robotic Surgery from 2nd Issue of 2017.
So, we have no other words to say to a great editor and a role model Dr. Salman, given that humble award, as next: “To a Spiritual Co-founder of the Journal, for the Outstanding Leadership in the field of Robotic Surgery around the Globe Sincere Thanks and Appreciation.”
Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis – An Overview
Authors: Vuletic Miona , Papic Mirjana , Zivanovic Suzana , Papic Milos 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Recurrent aphthous ulcers are common painful mucosal conditions affecting the oral cavity. Despite their high prevalence and knowledge of many etiological factors, the exact mechanism of disease is still not fully understood. There are three different clinical forms of recurrent aphthous stomatitis and the therapy differs depending on it.
The aim of this article is to provide an overview of current knowledge about the possible causes and treatment of recurrent aphthous stomatitis. We discuss its pathogenesis which is currently the least explained in the literature. This review offers scientists and clinicians useful information about clinical presentation, diagnosis, predisposing aetiological factors and recent trends in the management of recurrent aphthous stomatitis.