bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential absorption lidar measurements of water vapor by the High Altitude Lidar Observatory (HALO): retrieval framework and first results
Authors: Carroll Brian J. , Nehrir Amin R. , Kooi Susan A. , Collins James E. , Barton-Grimley Rory A. , Notari Anthony , Harper David B. , Lee Joseph 
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Airborne differential absorption lidar (DIAL) offers a uniquely capable solution to the problem of measuring water vapor (WV) with high precision, accuracy, and resolution throughout the troposphere and
lower stratosphere. The High Altitude Lidar Observatory (HALO) airborne WV
DIAL was recently developed at NASA Langley Research Center and was first
deployed in 2019. It uses four wavelengths near 935 nm to achieve
sensitivity over a wide dynamic range and simultaneously employs 1064 nm
backscatter and 532 nm high-spectral-resolution lidar (HSRL) measurements
for aerosol and cloud profiling. A key component of the WV retrieval
framework is flexibly trading resolution for precision to achieve optimal
datasets for scientific objectives across scales. An approach to retrieving
WV in the lowest few hundred meters of the atmosphere using the strong
surface return signal is also presented. The five maiden flights of the HALO WV DIAL spanned the tropics through
midlatitudes with a wide range of atmospheric conditions, but opportunities
for validation were sparse. Comparisons to dropsonde WV profiles were
qualitatively in good agreement, though statistical analysis was impossible
due to systematic error in the dropsonde measurements. Comparison of HALO to in situ WV measurements aboard the aircraft showed no substantial bias
across 3 orders of magnitude, despite variance (R2=0.66) that
may be largely attributed to spatiotemporal variability. Precipitable water
vapor measurements from the spaceborne sounders AIRS and IASI compared very
well to HALO with R2>0.96 over ocean.
Dimethylated sulfur compounds in the Peruvian upwelling system
Authors: Zhao Yanan , Booge Dennis , Marandino Christa A. , Schlundt Cathleen , Bracher Astrid , Atlas Elliot L. , Williams Jonathan , Bange Hermann W. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Our understanding of the biogeochemical cycling of the
climate-relevant trace gas dimethyl sulfide (DMS) in the Peruvian upwelling
system is still limited. Here we present oceanic and atmospheric DMS
measurements which were made during two shipborne cruises in December 2012
(M91) and October 2015 (SO243) in the Peruvian upwelling region.
Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were also
measured during M91. DMS concentrations were 1.9 ± 0.9 and 2.5 ± 1.9 nmol L−1 in surface waters in October 2015 and
December 2012, respectively. Nutrient availability appeared to be the main
driver of the observed variability in the surface DMS distributions in the
coastal areas. DMS, DMSP, and DMSO showed maxima in the surface layer, and no
elevated concentrations associated with the oxygen minimum zone off Peru
were measured. The possible role of DMS, DMSP, and DMSO as radical scavengers
(stimulated by nitrogen limitation) is supported by their negative
correlations with N:P (sum of nitrate and nitrite : dissolved phosphate)
ratios. Large variations in atmospheric DMS mole fractions were measured
during M91 (144.6 ± 95.0 ppt) and SO243 (91.4 ± 55.8 ppt);
however, the atmospheric mole fractions were generally low, and the
sea-to-air flux was primarily driven by seawater DMS. The Peruvian upwelling
region was identified as a source of atmospheric DMS in December 2012 and
October 2015. However, in comparison to the previous measurements in the
adjacent regions, the Peru upwelling was a moderate source of DMS emissions at
either time (M91: 5.9 ± 5.3 µmol m−2 d−1; SO243: 3.8 ± 2.7 µmol m−2 d−1).
Pengaruh Qawā’id Uṣūliyyah dan Fiqhiyyah terhadap Perbedaan Pendapat dalam Kasus Riba dan Bunga Bank
Authors: Nur'aeni Ulvah 
Published: February 2022

Pedebatan riba dan bungan bank lahir saat bank konvensional berhadapan dengan bank Islam yang hadir menawarkan sistem keuangan agar terhindar dari unsur riba. Kajian ini fokus menganalisis pengaruh qawāid uṣūliyyah dan fiqhiyyah dalam perdebatan status hukum riba dan bunga bank. Penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif dan bertumpu pada kajian pustaka. Objek penelitian adalah persoalan riba dan bunga bank yang dianalisis dengan bingkai qawāid uṣūliyyah dan qawāid fiqhiyyah untuk mengetahui perdebatan yang menyebabkan pro kontra di antara para ulama maupun kelompok keagamaan. Teknik analisis menggunakan metode komparatif deskriptif dari berbagai pandangan. Berdasarkan kajian, adanya perbedaan fatwa hukum bunga bank terletak pada ‘illat pengharaman riba dalam tahap takhrīj al-manāṭ, tanqīḥ al-manāṭ, dan taḥqīq al-manāṭ. ‘Illat tersebut diantaranya adalah pemerasan dan penganiayaan, tambahan tanpa resiko, dan adanya tambahan yang berlipat. Bagi kelompok tradisionalis, ‘illat pengharaman bunga adalah adanya tambahan baik itu berlipat maupun tidak, sehingga bagi kelompok ini bunga bank jelas keharamannya. Berbeda dengan kelompok modernis yang bertumpu pada ‘illat pemerasan dan penganiayaan. Oleh karena itu, jika bunga yang ditanggung oleh seseorang atau suatu lembaga mengandung eksploitasi, maka bunga adalah haram dan dilarang.
The Old Testament Sacrificial Context of 2 Corinthians 8–9
Authors: Wilson Jim 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The motivation behind Paul's collection for the personae miserae (e.g., widow, orphan, and stranger) of the Jerusalem church has been interpreted in a variety of ways. Sze-kar Wan's and David Downs's assessments of the collection as a cultic act are attractive but face competing interpretations. In this study, I employ a socio-anthropological method like those of Mary Douglas, Catherine Bell, and Gerald Klingbeil, which accommodate a careful observation of formal similarities and vast ideological differences between Greco-Roman and Judeo-Christian models of exchange. Based on the comparison I will propose that out of the many models of exchange by which Paul might have been influenced and from which he might have drawn to frame his exhortation in 2 Cor 8–9, Paul chose the triennial tithe model that is peculiar to the book of Deuteronomy. This could lend further support to Wan and Downs in their assertions that Paul's collection for the personae miserae of the Jerusalem church should be read in light of OT sacrifice. The presentation of material will employ a combination of lexical, intertextual, and sociological methodologies over three sections.
Redefining the Urban Philanthropy: Charity and Home inOur Mutual Friend
Authors: Wilwerding Lauren 
Published: February 2022

AbstractScholarship has associated the London of Our Mutual Friend with filth and corruption, but these aspects of the novel coexist with a version of the city that emphasizes benevolence. Rereading the city for scenes of benevolence reveals that the solutions Dickens posits to urban corruption imagine a viable form of charity in the language of the city itself. By situating the domestically-based charitable practices of Our Mutual Friend alongside mid-nineteenth-century journalistic discourse on urban charity and examples of Dickens's support of philanthropic projects, this essay shows how the novel redefines “home” to arrive at a model of charity that is both specifically urban and personal.
Recent Dickens Studies: 2016
Authors: Lamouria Lanya 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis essay surveys the 2016 scholarship on Dickens, summarizing over 150 monographs, collections, book chapters, and journal articles. The essay's twelve sections emphasize major areas of scholarly interest: General Studies; The Environment; The Transnational; Religion and Morality; Bodies and Things; Gender and Sexuality; Genre and Form; Linguistics; Periodical Culture, Popular Culture, and Authorship; Adaptation; Pedagogy; and Biography. As this list demonstrates, recent Dickens studies encompass a variety of contemporary thematic preoccupations and methodologies. In 2016, research informed by environmental and transnational approaches was especially vibrant.
Malaria Prevalence, Indoor Residual Spraying, and Insecticide Treated Net Usage in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Picone Gabriel , Kibler Robyn , Apouey Bénédicte H. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This paper examines the extent to which bed net usage is responsive to changes in malaria prevalence and whether indoor residual spraying crowds out bed net usage. We show that malaria prevalence increases the probability of sleeping under an insecticide treated net but the implied elasticities are below one. For children under five, a one percentage point increase in malaria prevalence increases the probability of sleeping under a bed net by 0.41 percentage point. We find that indoor residual spraying does not crowd out bed net usage. Instead, children under five who live in houses that were recently sprayed are 3.1 percentage points more likely to sleep under a bed net.
The Impacts of Improvements in the Delivery of Credit from Formal and Semi-Formal Financial Institutions: Evidence from Ghana
Authors: Amponsah Samuel 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This study examines the impacts of improvements in delivery of credit from formal and semi-formal financial institutions to households in Ghana. The main interest of the study is to exploit plausibly variations in access to credit from these institutions, since before the passage of the Borrowers and Lenders Act, 2008 (Act 773) and the Non-Bank Financial Institutions Act, 2008 (Act 774) in 2008, households in the country could hardly borrow from the formal financial institutions. Particular attention is paid to a number of socioeconomic outcomes, including agriculture, non-farm businesses, and expenditure. This paper documents evidence of a decline in the share of households who have some informal borrowing, reduction in agricultural activities, and increases in non-farm business activities as well as increases in the number of non-farm business employees. While the reforms altered the borrowing patterns of households, it did not necessarily induce demand for credit. This paper also finds improvements in consumption, profits (both farm and non-farm activities) and loan repayments.
The Last of the Lost Generations? Formal and Non-Formal Education in Ghana during Times of Economic Decline and Recovery
Authors: Blunch Niels-Hugo , Hammer Jeffrey S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractUsing a cohort approach, this paper examines educational attainment in Ghana and its potential determinants considering both educational attainment in the formal education system and participation in non-formal education in the form of adult literacy programs. The results indicate an overall substitution between formal and non-formal education across the generations, with participation in adult literacy programs decreasing as the formal education system expanded its coverage across space and time in Ghana. Individuals who completed any formal education were also much less likely to participate in adult literacy programs, by about 10 percentage-points per year of formal education completed. Additionally, the generations subject to the declining education system during the 1970s were substantially disadvantaged, with the cohort that was roughly of primary school age at the time of the economic breakdown in 1983 and the first few years thereafter being the last of the disadvantaged cohorts—the “lost generations.” This is especially true for the particularly vulnerable group of individuals who never received any formal education, where the crisis cohort peaked in terms of adult literacy program participation relative to later (and earlier) cohorts, possibly in response to a decrease in the quality of the formal education system as well as increased competition from returning refugees. We perform a simple test for the declining quality of the formal education system in the 1970s and find evidence consistent with a decrease in the quality in the education system during the 1970s, followed by an increase in quality thereafter.
Firm Performance and their Perception of Political Instability in Egypt: Evidence from an Endogenous Treatment Regression Model
Authors: Hosny Amr 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This paper employs a unique firm-level data covering for firms in the private sector in Egypt, to analyze whether firms' perception of political instability has an adverse effect on firm performance. The analysis covers 2,897 firms over the period 2009-2012. There are two main results: First, using OLS, we find a negative association between political instability and the growth of firms' sales and employment. Second, using an endogenous treatment linear regression models, to correct for potential endogeneity, we find that political instability can even have a negative causal effect on firms' performance. The results are robust to different specifications.
Jobless Growth in Nigeria: Determining Employment Intensive Sectors
Authors: Dada Eme A. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Growth rates in many African countries for over a decade, between 2002 and 2014 were relatively good and greatly applauded; however, high unemployment remains a persistent challenge of macroeconomic management. This situation now popularly called jobless growth, remains an important issue for policy makers, because it is linked with poverty and social unrests. The study therefore examines employment and sectoral output growth in Nigeria with a view to identifying sectors with high employment intensity. The Structural Vector Auto-Regressive (SVAR) framework was employed in the estimation strategy. Background analysis and stylized facts confirm the existence of jobless growth in Nigeria. Findings from the model estimation demonstrate that the agriculture sector has great potential for job creation. This underscores the need to focus on developing the sector and focussing on agriculture led economy that is able to diversify into other sectors that are by nature labour intensive, thus, making growth more inclusive.
Reading the Bible in the Fifteenth Century: The Case of Juan de Segovia
Authors: Mann Jesse D. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Scholars have long recognized the importance of the Bible in the work of the noted Spanish conciliarist Juan de Segovia (d. 1458). To date, scholarly interest in Segovia's use of the Bible has focused on his ecclesiological and Islamic writings. This article addresses Segovia's little-known devotional approach to Bible reading. It locates this approach, which also includes an intriguing mnemonic component, in its historical context and suggests that this approach provides further evidence of a link between Segovia and the Devotio Moderna.
Paul, the Law, and Indigenous People: A Response to Christine Hayes
Authors: Kaden David A. 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
This article adapts a response initially given to panelists at the Pauline Epistles section of the Society of Biblical Literature 2016 Annual Meeting in San Antonio. Specifically, it focuses on Christine Hayes’s written review essay. In my response, I provide an overview of the broader argument I make in my book on Matthew, Paul, and the law; outline some similarities and differences between my book and Matthew Thiessen’s; interact with some critical comments that have been directed toward my work; and provide some avenues of future research in studies of Paul and the law that draw from the field of legal anthropology and that deploy more theoretically sophisticated approaches to comparison and comparative law than have typically been the case in Matthean and Pauline scholarship on law.
The Nature of the Church in Theological Interpretation: Culture, Volk, and Mission
Authors: Congdon David W. 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
In a 2012 article on Bultmann and Augustine, R. W. L. Moberly argued that the church should be understood as a “plausibility structure” for faith and thus a presupposition for the interpretation of Scripture. My response to him in 2014 addressed misinterpretations of Bultmann but did not speak to the central issue of the church as a presupposition. This article rectifies that omission by interrogating the meaning of the church in the present discussion of “theological interpretation of Scripture,” which largely views the church as a distinct culture. The church-as-culture model bears an important resemblance to the church-as-Volk model that was dominant during the period of the church struggle in Germany in the 1930s. Bultmann developed his concept of the church as an eschatological community in direct contrast to the church-as-Volk idea. If the church is in some sense a presupposition for theological interpretation, then we first have to ask what we mean by “church,” and some answers to that question may be theologically problematic.
Daniel's Visionary Participation in the Divine Life: Dynamics of Participation in Daniel 8–12
Authors: Meadowcroft Tim 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
This article focuses on the experience of Daniel as participant in the visions that are told in Hebrew in the book of Daniel (chs 8–12). In doing so, it argues for a continuity of wise participation in the divine life that has characterized events told in Dan 1–6 and culminating in the throne room vision of ch. 7. Reading Dan 7 as the theological hinge of the book of Daniel, the article argues that the experience of Daniel as visionary in chs. 8–12 sheds further light on the nature of wise participation in the divine life. From the resulting conversation between chs. 8–12 and 1–6, mediated by the throne room vision, emerges a rich and variegated, and occasionally paradoxical picture of the nature of wise participation in the divine life as conveyed in the book of Daniel.
John Henderson’s Voice
Authors: Chilton Leslie A. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
John Henderson (1747-1783), a well-known and critically admired actor on Bath and London stages, had his career and promise cut short by premature death. Though a subject of a contemporary and a posthumous biography, Henderson has been reduced to references in theatrical histories, and requires rescue from a degree of oblivion. His voice is also an issue that needs clarifying. This article, to perform these two tasks, reviews Henderson’s life and work to mount the stage; his relations with David Garrick; and proves to some extent that Garrick preventing him from acting at Drury Lane because his voice was “woolly” is unlikely. Overall, the article considers London’s theatrical world, England’s growing theatrical venues; Garrick’s ubiquitous presence in both; and above all, a nearly forgotten actor’s experience in preparing for and gaining the stage.
O colonialismo como marco interpretativo basilar do apartheid israelense: revisitando e ressignificando a questão
Authors: Caramuru Teles Bárbara , Sahd Fábio Bacila 
Published: February 2022

A ocupação e colonização da Palestina têm sido hegemonicamente retratadas como um “conflito”, pressupondo paridades inexistentes. A assimetria na relação de forças é reflexo da disparidade de poder entre um povo e um Estado colonial, que mantem os palestinos sob um regime de apartheid. Neste trabalho revisitamos referencial das ciências humanas e do direito internacional para considerar a relevância do colonialismo como marco teórico basilar à compreensão da situação vigente na Palestina/Israel, superando a fragmentação imposta pelo poder hegemônico como estratégia de dominação. Paralelamente, na interpretação das políticas coloniais e segregacionistas, acionamos outras categorias, encaminhando a discussão para a necessária constituição de uma contra narrativa, capaz de ressignificar as análises.
Inversión pública y pobreza: el caso ecuatoriano hasta 2020
Authors: Bravo Placeres Ismael 
Published: February 2022

El presente artículo examina la incidencia de la inversión pública en el Ecuador. El análisis de la problemática considera la situación de la pobreza en el país, un flagelo de proporciones crecientes a escala global, especialmente en los últimos años. El análisis parte de la literatura oficialmente publicada por el gobierno ecuatoriano y el procesamiento de fuentes secundarias. La metodología empleada en el trabajo es mixta, con soporte en los métodos propios de la metodología cualitativa para el análisis documental de obras, ensayos y artículos referidos a los distintos enfoques y teorías sobre la inversión pública y la pobreza. Los datos utilizados son de origen secundario, pues la información estadística proviene de instituciones como el Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censo (INEC), Secretaria Nacional de Planificación y Desarrollo (SENPLADES), Sistema Integrado de Conocimiento y Estadística Social del Ecuador (SiCES), Plan Nacional para el Buen Vivir (PNBV), entre otros.
Efficient design of labs-on-a-chip
Authors: Wille Robert 
Published: February 2022

Efficient design of labs-on-a-chip
Microfluidic devices and labs-on-a-chip provide the promise of ‘moving’ medical analyses from actual labs to chips that can directly be applied at the patient. However, their design still heavily relies on dedicated expertise as well as long and costly ‘trial-and-error’ procedures. This project develops tools that allow the automatic generation (of parts) of a microfluidic design in a push-button fashion and perform simulations that enable designers to thoroughly test corresponding designs even before a first prototype goes into production.
The Russian Doping Scandal: Some Reflections on Responsibility in Sport Governance
Authors: Pound Richard W. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The Russian doping scandal that emerged prior to the 2016 Rio Olympic Games illustrates how responsible sport governance has become a lingering issue for international sport. This article explores how various leaders in international sport, and particularly those from the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and the World Anti-Doping Agency, dealt with the unfolding scandal and what considerations motivated their actions. It will be shown that the IOC failed to assume responsibility for the scandal or apply the organization’s existing policies. Rather than passing responsibility to other parties, it will be argued that the IOC must assume greater responsibility to deliver sport that meets the public’s expectations (and the organization’s promise) of morally responsible sport as stated in the Olympic Charter.
M. Craig Dangerfield, Duck Guide: The Intersection of Personal Narrative and Great Salt Lake Wetlands History
Authors: Williams Randy 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
I got my first exposure to waterfowl when I was very young living in Garfield, Utah. Kennecott Copper Company owned the town. Some of the marshes of the Great Salt Lake were very near. The Company provided recreation for all their employees. Included was a huge clubhouse with a bowling alley, boxing ring, theatre, and further east was the Copper Club golf course, and east of that was the Kennecott Duck Club. The Duck Club took in all the land between 2100 South to 3100 South and from about 4000 West to 5600 West. It was a series of ponds and canals that provided hunting, fishing, and water skiing for the employees and a whole world of discovery for their children. I caught my first limit of rainbow trout there.1