bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interface Engineering and Understanding for the Next-Generation Batteries
Authors: Zhao Yang 
Published: July 2022

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have become the most widely used energy storage systems for portable electronic devices and electric vehicles. With the increasing requirements of high energy density, next-generation batteries, including Li-metal batteries, Na-metal batteries and solid-state batteries, have received huge attention in recent years. For most batteries, the interfacial issues between the electrolyte (both liquid and solid) and electrodes are critical factors affecting the performance of the batteries. Atomic and molecular layer deposition (ALD and MLD) are considered as ideal strategies for overcoming the interfacial issues for the batteries.
In this talk, I will introduce our research about interface engineering and understanding for next-generation batteries. i) The interface is one of the key factors for the Li and Na deposition behaviors and battery performances. We developed ALD and MLD approaches to fabricate the artificial interface with significantly improved electrochemical performances and reduced dendrite formation for Li/Na metal anodes. ii) We further design different ALD/MLD thin films to stabilize the interfaces for solid-state Li batteries. iii) We have also developed ex-situ and in-situ synchrotron X-ray techniques for next-generation batteries.
(Digital Presentation) A 2.8V Reversible Sn-Li Battery
Authors: Xue Kaiming , Yu Denis 
Published: July 2022

Tin (Sn) is a metal that is commonly used in our daily life. With the rapid development of lithium-ion battery in the past decades, Sn and its alloy, such as Sn-Cu[1], and Sn-Ni[2], Sn-Co[3] and Sn-Fe[4] have been used as anode for lithium-ion battery because they can undergo alloying/dealloying process with lithium ions and exhibit high capacity and suitable working voltage of about 0.4 V vs. Li/Li+. Sn can also undergo an oxidation reaction to Sn2+, with an electrode potential of about -0.14 V vs. SHE. It is therefore possible to also use Sn as a cathode material.
Herein, we are first to demonstrate a metal-metal battery made up of Sn metal as the cathode and Li metal as the anode in organic electrolyte (see Fig. a). Sn foil and Li foil are simply assembled with 3M LiTFSI in dimethoxyethane/propylene carbonate (DME/PC) electrolyte in an Ar-filled glove box to form a pouch cell. During charging, Sn will give out two electrons and dissolves into the electrolyte as Sn2+, while during discharging, the metal ions will be re-deposited onto the cathode. Thus, the energy is stored in the form of Sn2+ in the electrolyte. The charge-discharge curves in Fig. b show that the operating voltage of the battery is about 2.8 V.
Since Sn2+ that is dissolved into the electrolyte from the cathode has higher potential than the Li metal anode, any Sn2+ ions cross-over to the anode will be spontaneously reduced, decreasing the efficiency of the battery. To suppress such self-discharge process, an anion exchange membrane based on poly(ionic liquid) polymer coated on common polypropylene separator is adopted. The Sn-Li battery with the modified separator tested in a current rate of 0.2 mA cm-2 with a capacity limitation of 0.1 mAh cm-2 gives an average Coulombic efficiency about 99.5% and can be cycled for more than 1500 cycles(See Fig. c).
We found that the stripping/deposition of Sn on the cathode, and its polarization depend strongly on the type of electrolyte used. With 3M LiTFSI in DME/PC electrolyte, the discharge voltage is lowered by about 0.05 V when the current density is increased from 0.2 mA cm-2 to 1 mA cm-2. More results on the factors affecting the charge-discharge performance of Sn-Li batteries will be discussed at the meeting.
[1]X. F. Tan, S. D. McDonald, Q. Gu, Y. Hu, L. Wang, S. Matsumura, T. Nishimura, K. Nogita, Journal of Power Sources
2019, 415, 50.
[2]H. Zhang, T. Shi, D. J. Wetzel, R. G. Nuzzo, P. V. Braun, Advanced Materials
2016, 28, 742.
[3]J. Yang, J. Zhang, X. Zhou, Y. Ren, M. Jiang, J. Tang, ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
2018, 10, 35216.
[4]Z. Lin, X. Lan, X. Xiong, R. Hu, Materials Chemistry Frontiers
2021, 5, 1185.

Figure 1
(Invited) Light-Emitting Devices Based on Defect-Enhanced Group-IV Nanostructures
Authors: Brehm Moritz 
Published: July 2022

Combining Si-based integrated optics with Si-based microelectronics is crucial for next-generation applications ranging from data transfer on short distances to sensing and, potentially, to quantum cryptography at telecom wavelengths. However, Si's intrinsically poor light-emitting properties, i.e., its indirect energy bandgap, inhibit a straightforward implementation of telecom devices such as light-emitting diodes and lasers operating at room temperature.
We argue that adding Ge heterostructures, nanostructures, intentionally-induced defects, and defects within nanostructures to the Si platform can be a viable way to overcome the limitations of Si as a light-emitting material [1]. Significant progress for light-emission from group-IV nanostructures can be achieved by intentionally incorporating extended point defects inside the QDs upon in-situ low-energy ion implantation [2],[3]. This work discusses the superior light-emission properties from such defect-enhanced quantum dots (DEQDs) and our present understanding of their structural formation and light-emission mechanisms [4], indicating that optically direct recombination paths play a role in room-temperature light emission.
As compared to other group-IV systems with pronounced optical emission, contact doping and hence fabrication of electrically driven devices is relatively straightforward in this nanosystem since DEQDs are embedded into a defect-free Si matrix [5],[6]. We show that useful electrically driven devices, such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs), can be fabricated employing optically active DEQD material. These LEDs exhibit exceptional temperature stability of their light-emission properties even up to 100°C, unprecedented for purely group-IV-based optoelectronic devices [7]. We discuss the role of vital parameters, such as the temperature stability of the structural properties [8],[9], the scalability of the light-emission with the nanostructure density [6], and passivation schemes to further improve the optical properties [8],[10]. Additionally, we elaborate on schemes for advanced layouts for electrically-pumped devices.
References
[1 ] M. Brehm, Silicon Photonics IV, 67-103, Silicon Photonics IV: Innovative Frontiers, edited by David J. Lockwood and Lorenzo Pavesi, Springer series Topics in Applied Physics (2021).
[2] M. Grydlik et al., ACS Photonics 3, 298–303 (2016).
[3] M. Grydlik et al., Nano Lett. 16, 6802–6807 (2016).
[4] F. Murphy-Armando et al., Phys. Rev. B 103, 085310 (2021).
[5] M. Brehm and M. Grydlik, Nanotechnology 28, 392001 (2017).
[6] H. Groiss et al., Semicond. Sci. Technol. 32, 02LT01 (2017).
[7] P. Rauter et al., ACS Photonics 5, 431-438 (2018).
[8] L. Spindlberger et al., Crystals 10, 351 (2020).
[9] L. Spindlberger et al., Physica Status Solidi (a) 216, 1900307 (2019).
[10] L. Spindlberger et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 118, 083104 (2021).
(Digital Presentation) Sourcing in-Operation Battery Data from Android Devices
Authors: Schimpe Michael 
Published: July 2022

Battery dynamics and battery degradation are complex topics, which are typically analyzed in laboratory experiments. With controlled ambient conditions and repetitive loads, insights can be drawn for specific parameters.
In the real world, however, barely any application load is simply repetitive and ambient conditions may vary strongly. To understand real-world operation and degradation, large data sets of real-world data must be analyzed. Howey states a necessity for datasets spanning years of operation in different applications across thousands to millions of cells [1]. Such large data sets are not openly available today.
With over 2 billion Android devices in use today, and most devices equipped with a lithium-ion battery and connected to the internet, the Android devices present a potential data source for Academia. In all devices, primarily the battery current, terminal voltage, and battery temperature are collected. Secondary, on-board estimations such as State of Charge and State of Health are calculated.
This talk presents an overview of sourcing battery data from Android devices and the applicability to battery research.
References
[1] Howey, David A. "Tools for battery health diagnostics and prediction." The Electrochemical Society Interface 28.1 (2019): 55.
Electrolyte Design for Anode-Free Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Zhou Chengtian , Thangadurai Venkataraman 
Published: July 2022

Current lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are approaching their energy density limits and thus may not keep up with the ever-increasing demand for higher specific energy density in today’s energy storage and power applications. Anode-free lithium metal batteries (AFLMBs) utilize the full theoretical capacity of Li metal anode (3860 mAh g-1, ten times higher than lithiated graphite) and offer lower cost and better safety than cells with Li excess. However, due to the low efficiency of Li deposition and stripping, AFLMBs suffer from rapid capacity loss.
In this presentation, we will discuss a unique coin cell configuration design with high compression for AFLMBs. The high pressure leads to more stable cycling performance, providing a more accurate assessment of AFLMBs.1 A carbonate-glyme hybrid electrolyte for AFLMB is demonstrated with a capacity retention of 73% for 50 cycles. The hybrid electrolyte possesses a unique solvation structure, where diglyme solvates both Li-ions and film-forming additive, while carbonates dilute the mixture, enabling facile ion migrations.2

C. Zhou, A. J. Samson, M. A. Garakani, and V. Thangadurai, J. Electrochem. Soc., 168, 060532 (2021).

C. Zhou et al., Energy Storage Mater., 42, 295–306 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ensm.2021.07.043.
Cu2(ZnSn)(S)4 Electrodeposition from a Single Bath By Both DC and Pulsing Current with Atomic Ratio Optimization
Authors: Saeed Mahfouz 
Published: July 2022

Cu2(ZnSn)(Se)4 (CTZSS) has an significant advantages over CIGS as thin film solar cell due to its optimum band gap. Producing thin film layers by electroplating techniques is chiefly attractive due to low production cost and high throughput 1-3. Several publication reports CTZS electrodeposition; however, the electrodeposition method still has an important challenge such as a annealing process due to partial pressure variation4.
We introduce in this work an advance lower electrolyte concentration which suitable to single bath electroplating similar to prvious work with CIGS5. The electrolyte is significantly more dilute in comparison to common electrolytes designated in the literature1-4. We use pulsing technique with current pulsing technique to improve the deposit adhesion and quality. Theelectrolyte composition is: 0.0042 M CuSO4, 0.0031 M ZnSO4, 0.0051 M SnCl2, 0.0062 M Na2S2O3, and 0.19 mM Na2S2O3. PHydrion is used as a buffer (pH=2), and 0.61 M LiCl is used as supporting electrolyte.
Electroplating experiments was carried out at a rotating disk electrode system which provides a better controlled electroplating condition. Rotating disk function is to have better control to experiment parameters and to compare Dc current efficiency with pulsing current. electrochemical behavior study and the deposit equality investigation are provided in Fig. 1. The effects of pulsing time and current density on the CTZS alloy atomic composition, deposit quality, and its adhesion to the back contact are discussed. The post annealing treatment was performed under sulfur element atmosphere with no necessity for metals addition at this phase. The electroplating parameters was optimized according. The final composition was investigated using Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy technique (EDS) Fig. 2. XRD technique used to analyze CTZS crystallography and thickness.

Acknowledgements

Case Western Reserve University for using their instruments

References

[1] M. Cao, L. Li, B. L. Zhang, J. Huang, L. J. Wang, Y. Shen, Y. Sun, J. C. Jiang, G. J. Hu,

Sol. Energy Mater. Sol.Cells, 93, 583 (2009).
[2] Y. Lin, S. Ikeda, W. Septina, Y. Kawasaki, T. Harada, M. Matsumura, Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells, 120,
218 (2014).
[3] H. Guan, H. Shen, C. Gao, X. He, , J. Mater. Sci.:Mater. Electron., 24, 1490 (2013).
[4] S. Abermann, , Solar Energy, 94, 37 (2013).
[5] Saeed, M.; González Peña, O.I, Nanomaterials 2021, 11,

Figure 1
Reduction of a Lithium-Ion Solid Electrolyte Model Under Potentiostatic Hold
Authors: Keane Laura , Moyles Iain 
Published: July 2022

Solid state electrolytes are becomingly increasingly attractive due to their improved safety, lower self-discharge, and higher power densities over the more commonly used liquid electrolyte [1,2]. Solid electrolytes are a relatively new material in the field of lithium-ion batteries, therefore there is considerably less mathematical investigation and analysis into these materials, compared with their liquid counterparts.
We review a model for a solid electrolyte from thermodynamics principles [3]. We non-dimensionalise and scale the model to identify small parameters, where we identify a scaling that widens the boundary layer in the electrolyte compared to previous literature. We consider an Li2O solid electrolyte which is attached on each end by blocks of solid lithium. We fix a potential difference across the electrolyte and consider different charge flux conditions. We present asymptotic analysis and numerical solutions for both the zero-charge flux equilibrium and for the non-zero charge flux equilibrium problems. We consider numerical simulations of the full-time dependent problem and show that there are two important time scales in the problem, an early transient timescale where the boundary layers first approach their equilibrium followed by a longer timescale where we observe the transience in the bulk of the solution.
We briefly talk about the application of a solid electrolyte to cylindrical nanowire electrodes. Recent advances in electrode chemistry have allowed for cylindrical nanowire geometries exhibiting low-capacity fade. However, the performance of these electrodes is very sensitive to experimental conditions and early charge behavior and thus it is important to understand the lithium transport process in these systems. Following from this work, we will combine the solid electrolyte model with a nanowire electrode in order to investigate these processes.

References

[1] A. Manthiram, X. Yu, Xingwen, and S. Wang. Lithium battery chemistries enabled by solid-state electrolytes, Nature Reviews Materials, Nature Publishing Group, 2(4), 1-16, 2017.
[2] Z. Chen, G. Kim, Z. Wang, D. Bresser, B. Qin, D. Geiger, U. Kaiser, X. Wang, Z.X. Shen, and S. Passerini.
4-V flexible all-solid-state lithium polymer batteries, Nano Energy, Elsevier, 64, 103986, 2019.
[3] S. Braun, C. Yada, and A. Latz. Thermodynamically consistent model for space-charge-layer formation in a solid electrolyte, The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 119(39), 22281-22288, 2015.
Laser-Structured Electrodes for Lithium-Ion-Batteries – Dependence of Structure Density on Fast Charging Capability
Authors: Kouli Maher , Kouli Maher , Dilger Klaus 
Published: July 2022

The significant increase in energy density is a declared development goal for lithium-ion batteries for applications in electric vehicles. This implies the use of electrodes with significantly increased areal capacity and mass loading. It is known from a large number of investigations that with increasing electrode thickness both lithium ion diffusion in the electrolyte and electron transport to the current collector dominate, leading to insufficient current carrying capacity electrodes. To achieve an improvement of the fast charging capability of high areal capacity electrodes, they are getting structured, which maximizes the surface area between the electrolyte and the electrode. By means of structuring, electrodes with a high areal capacity can achieve both a high specific discharge capacity and a sufficient fast charging capability. The aim of the perforation is to minimize the resistances and to generate an increased surface area between the electrolyte and the electrode, which leads to new transport paths for the lithium ions. Previous publications show that the laser-structuring of anodes and cathodes lead in particular to an improvement of the charge/discharge rates and cycle stability [Habedank 2018/2019, Kraft 2019, Smyrek 2019].
Recent findings indicate there is a relationship between structure density and electrochemical (fast charge/discharge capability) properties. The goal of the presented work is, to determine the dependence of structure density on fast charging capability. For this purpose, anodes and cathodes are symmetrically processed with different spot density, from which full cells are built and analyzed after electrochemical tests. Graphite-silicon anodes with an area capacity of 8,0 mAh/cm² and cathodes with an area capacity of 6,0 mAh/cm² will be processed with spot distances from 180 µm to 510 µm.
Metal Nitrate Embedded Polymeric Interlayer for Improving Cycling Stability of Li Metal Anode
Authors: Shin GeunHyeong , Cho EunAe , Kang Hyeonmuk , Kim Taehee , Hwang GyuSeong , Lee Junho 
Published: July 2022

Among secondary batteries using lithium, the use of lithium metal anodes for high capacity has become a hot topic. However, in lithium metal anodes, there is a major problem of dendritic growth and research are actively underway to address the issue. And it is reported that it is possible to improve the stability of Li metal anode by facilitating the movement of lithium ions through various additives to suppress dendritic growth and to make robust and stable SEI layer. To address the issue of dendritic growth of Li, using cesium nitrate is selected to improve the stability of the anode based on a mechanism by which a nitrogen-rich compounds lithiophilic to transport Li ion uniformly are formed in the SEI layer. And also the cesium element induces an cation electrostatic shielding effect while lithium metal is deposited and grown in the anode. In addition, since metal nitrates have very low solubility in carbonate-based electrolytes, polymer nanofiber-interlayer is synthesized by electrospinning to support metal nitrate and supply nitrate continuously and stably, while interlayer does not interfere with the movement of lithium ions through the nanofiber layer.
In summary, a metal nitrate embedded polymer nanofiber layer is synthesized through an electrospinning method, then stabilization of a lithium surface and stability of a lithium metal anode are obtained by using an intermediate layer, and a relationship between an additive and SEI formation is identified at a limited solubility in carbonate electrolytes. The study result demonstrates that the lifetime of symmetric Li-Li cells and full cell with LCO cathodes improved greatly. And the deposition morphology of Li become dendrite-free and more uniform.
(Digital Presentation) Earth-Abundant Copper-Based Electrode Materials for Li-Ion Storage
Authors: Tripathy Debashis , Sampath S 
Published: July 2022

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) find their use in almost all applications starting from electronic gadgets to grid energy storage and hybrid electric vehicles. In this direction, the development of high-capacity anodes is crucial to fulfil the increasing energy demand. To evaluate the Li+ ion storage performance, we have synthesized an earth-abundant copper-based electrode material, Cu3PS4, using the chemical vapor transport (CVT) method from the constituent elements Cu, P, and S in a 3:1:4 ratio. It has an enargite-type structure and has a layered-type morphology (Figure 1a). A high capacity of 970 mAh g-1 is obtained at 0.1 A g-1 current density. The electrode is amenable for high discharge rates up to 5 A g-1, and at a discharge rate of 1 A g-1, the cell can be cycled 5000 times with 90% capacity retention. The high electrochemical performance of the material is related to the conversion reaction as probed by in situ Raman spectroscopy (Figure 1b) and surface-controlled capacitive contribution due to the formation of a polymeric film over the electrode surface. A full cell with LiCoO2 cathode results in a large number of cycles with stable performance. Further improvement is achieved by forming a composite with an organic polymer, polybenzimidazole. The composite electrode delivers almost double the capacity of the pristine electrode. Other studies on the use of the electrode material to multivalent ion storage based on Mg2+, Zn2+, and Al3+ are in progress.
Reference

D. Tripathy and S. Sampath, J. Power Sources 2020, 478, 229066.

Figure 1. (a) Unit cell structure and SEM image of Cu3PS4 and (b) in situ Raman spectra of the electrode after discharge.

Figure 1
(Digital Presentation) Understanding the Impact of Process Conditions on Manufacturing Thick Cathodes By Systematically Reducing Inactive Material Percentages
Authors: Koggala Wellalage Dilni Kaveendi , Battaglia Vincent , Higa Kenneth , Fu Yanbao , Zhang Buyi 
Published: July 2022

With the lithium-ion battery industry moving to high energy density anode materials such as silicon and lithium metal as a substitute for lower specific capacity carbon-based materials like graphite, cathode energy density can become a bottleneck. Typical cathodes have less than 10% practical specific capacity compared to both pure lithium metal and silicon. For these anodes, cathodes with higher active material loadings per unit area would be needed to produce matching electrode pairs. However, cathode thickness cannot indefinitely be increased, as doing so leads to issues with electrolyte transportation, conductivity, and mechanical properties [1,2].
Increasing the loading of the cathode could also be done by reducing the amounts of inactive components, such as the binder and the conductive additive, in the electrode. To achieve this, understanding the role of each component is important. The most important role of the binder is to act as an adhesive among particles and the current collector. But most binders are electronically insulating. The main role of the conductive additive, such as carbon black, is to improve the conductivity of the overall system [1].
As the inactive material percentages are decreased, the distribution of these components in the electrode domain becomes more important to both the electrochemical and mechanical performance of the electrode. The distribution changes with the different process conditions used, such as mixing techniques, order, speeds, times, slurry viscosity, drying conditions, etc. This research consists of a systematic study to understand the effects of the aforementioned process conditions on the particle and polymer distribution as well as its contribution to the mechanical and electrochemical performance. With the use of the current findings, the active material percentage was increased up to 98% in electrodes with 5 mAh/cm2 loading, retaining similar performance to electrodes with 92.8% active material, as shown in figure 1. Some contribution of the capacity fade was found to be due to the lithium counter electrode used.
The goal of this ongoing project is to produce a model that could be applied to different materials to identify the best process conditions for thick electrode manufacturing.
References

F. Ma, Y. Fu, V. Battaglia, R. Prasher, Microrheological modeling of lithium-ion battery anode slurry, J. Power Sources, 438 (2019), p. 226994

Wen Yu, Nanping Deng, Lin Tang, Kewei Cheng, Bowen Cheng, Weimin Kang, Roles of metal element substitutions from the bimetallic solid-state electrolytes in lithium batteries, Particuology, 65 (2022), p. 51-71

Figure 1