bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Boundary Conditions for Modeling of a Lead Reverberatory Furnace
Authors: Walla Nicholas J. , Anisiuba Vitalis , Silaen Armin K. , Anderson Alexandra , Grogan Joseph , Zhou Chenn Q. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The use of lead reverberatory furnaces is a common part of the lead recycling process, wherein a solid feed material comprising various lead compounds is directly exposed to combustive and radiative heat sources to melt the feed material and produce lead product. Furnace design decisions ranging from burner inputs to burner placement and furnace shape are difficult to trial without risking costly losses in productivity. The use of modern computational fluid dynamics approaches can allow for more-accurate modeling of the reverberatory furnace process. A steady state simulation of the reverberatory furnace has been created for this purpose. The direct modeling of the melting and smelting reactions is bypassed as this effort would be very computationally expensive and require detailed kinetic data, a large portion of which is unknown. However, as these reactions are largely endothermic, their influence on the overall temperature profile of the furnace cannot be ignored and is critical to both validation and usefulness of the model. To this end, a multi-variable artificial heat sink boundary condition has been placed on several key boundary surfaces within the furnace for the purpose of representing the heat consumption caused by the melting and smelting reactions. This boundary condition is tuned through parameter adjustment in the base study until the temperature profile matches sample data taken from furnace operation measurements.
Supervised and Unsupervised Learning Models for Detection of Critical Heat Flux During Pool Boiling
Authors: Dunlap Christy , Pandey Hari , Hu Han 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The rapid growth and scaling of electronics are causing more severe thermal management challenges. For example, the high-performance computing processors are driving the data center power density to unprecedented levels, approaching the limit of conventional air cooling. In electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid EVs, the power conversion electronics are integrated into a compact space, leading to ultra-high heat fluxes to dissipate. Among the available thermal management mechanisms, two-phase cooling that involves the phase-change process of the working fluid can maintain electronic devices at safe operating temperatures by taking advantage of the high latent heat of the fluid. Particularly, pool boiling plays a critical role in the two-phase immersion cooling of servers and other IT hardware, integrated cooling for three-dimensional electronic packaging, cooling of the core, and used fuel in nuclear reactors. Two-phase coolers are limited by instabilities such as the critical heat flux (CHF). At the critical heat flux, the temperature increases. It is important to be able to identify the CHF in order to prevent overheating. We aim to develop and compare boiling image classification models to distinguish between 2 boiling regimes. We will leverage principal component analysis (PCA) and K-means clustering to investigate the key differences between bubbles during nucleate boiling (pre-CHF) and transition boiling (post-CHF). We will also compare the results of the unsupervised learning model against popular supervised learning models that have been used for boiling regime classification in existing studies, such as convolutional neural networks, multiplayer perceptrons, and transformers. We successfully created 4 supervised and 1 unsupervised learning models to distinguish between the two types of boiling images.
Chronostratigraphic correlation of the Upper Silurian Salina Group for the Michigan and Appalachian Basins through coupled (δ13Ccarb) chemostratigraphy and subsurface geophysical analyses
Authors: Oborny Stephan C. , Cramer Bradley D. , Brett Carlton E. , Bancroft Alyssa M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe Upper Silurian Salina Group of eastern North America is well known for its thick evaporite successions and hydrocarbon resources. These strata have been assigned to numerous chronostratigraphic schemes within Ohio and Michigan and are currently identified by varying subsurface and outcrop nomenclatural schemes. These chronostratigraphic challenges have persisted for over 50 yr and dramatically inhibit the correlation of events recorded in the Silurian section of eastern North America with the global record of Silurian biogeochemical events. To help resolve the chronostratigraphic correlation of these units, we provide new high-resolution δ13Ccarb chemostratigraphic analyses of a core located in central Ohio for strata assigned to the Greenfield and Tymochtee Formations and integrate existing biostratigraphic, chemostratigraphic, and subsurface geophysical data in western, southern, and eastern Ohio. The new data presented here, integrated for the first time with basinwide subsurface geophysical data, demonstrate a mid-late Homerian Stage global sea-level lowstand, suggest a short interval of tectonic stability within the study area at the beginning of “Salina B–G” deposition, during which accommodation was occupied by the Greenfield Formation and laterally equivalent strata, and provide chronostratigraphic constraints for basin flexure and potential forebulge migration associated with renewed tectonic activity. The new chronostratigraphic correlation of these strata provides a broader picture of Silurian environmental change across the eastern half of the Laurentian paleocontinent.
Validity and reliability of the Spanish version of the ACE tool for assessing competencies in evidence-based medicine in medical students
Authors: Sgarbossa Nadia , Marino Sofia , Aletta Lucas , Vázquez Peña Fernando Ramón , Franco Juan Victor Ariel 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveTo translate and culturally adapt the tool ‘Assessing Competency in evidence-based medicine (EBM)’ (ACE) to Spanish and to implement it in a cohort of medical students for the evaluation of the instrument’s psychometric properties.DesignBilingual translators produced a translation and backtranslation of the original instrument, with interim consensus in each stage with oversight and input by a group of experts. We then performed cognitive interviews to adapt the wording of the tool culturally. Finally, we implemented the final version in a cohort of medical students on a virtual general practice course with EBM modules.SettingMedical School in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Due to restrictions to in-person teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic, we conducted this study in the context of virtual learning.ParticipantsWe included 125 fourth and fifth-year medical students.Main outcome measuresWe measured internal consistency with the Kuder-Richardson coefficient (>0.6 as a threshold for reliability) and construct validity through a Pearson’s correlation between the examinations carried out with the translated instrument and the results of the regular examinations of EBM in the same students (expected values of at least 0.3 to 0.7). We also compared the total score of the instrument of fifth-year students to fourth-year students.ResultsAs for measurements for internal consistency, the coefficient Kuder-Richardson resulted in a value of 0.268, below our prespecified threshold. For construct validity, the Pearson correlation between the sum of the items and regular examinations was 0.139, also below our prespecified threshold. However, fifth-year students averaged 0.94 points more than fourth-year students (95% CI 0.24 more to 1.65 more).ConclusionThe translated and cross-culturally adapted version of the ACE tool into Spanish had low reliability and validity in an MBE course taught and evaluated in a virtual environment.Trial registrationNot applicable.
‘It all stems from relationship’: effectiveness of a crowdsourcing contest to elicit community ideas on how to build trust between healthcare providers and community about COVID-19
Authors: Mathews Allison Christine , Wenhold Miranda , Caban-Holt Allison , Starks Takiyah , Richmond Alan , Vines Anissa , Byrd Goldie Smith 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveThe COVID-19 pandemic requires a nimble approach to building trust between healthcare providers and community. Crowdsourcing is one community-engaged approach that may be effective at engaging marginalised communities to identify ways to build trust. This early-stage innovation report assesses the effectiveness of using a crowdsourcing contest to elicit community ideas on how to build trust between healthcare providers and community about COVID-19 and promote community engagement about vaccines.MethodsThis mixed-methods study conducted a qualitative assessment of crowdsourcing contest entries and evaluated online community engagement via social media analytics (reach, video views, engagement). Themes from contest entries informed the development of community leader video interviews. Qualitative data from contest entries were digitally transcribed and analysed using axial coding.ResultsContest participants (n=19) were European Americans (n=10), African Americans (n=8, 87%) and American Indians (n=1), the majority of whom identified as women (n=18) and were 18–80 years old. Contest entry recommendations included: (1) partner with community stakeholders and providers, (2) improve access to credible information from trusted sources, (3) use multiple channels of communication, and (4) use clear and plain language.ConclusionCrowdsourcing contests coupled with public education are beneficial community engagement tools to identify new ways to promote trust between medical professionals and diverse community members about COVID-19. Crowdsourcing contests also provide opportunity for partnership and critical dialogue between healthcare professionals and community leaders.
Lymphoid aggregates in bone marrow: a diagnostic pitfall
Authors: Maccio Umberto , Rets Anton V 
Published: September 2022

Lymphoid aggregates in bone marrow specimens are a relatively frequent finding that may pose a diagnostic challenge for a pathologist. The distinction between reactive and neoplastic aggregates has significant clinical relevance. Although many testing modalities such as immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry and molecular studies are currently available in clinical laboratories, the appropriate utilisation of these modalities and the awareness of their potential pitfalls are important. When a neoplastic process is ruled out, the significance of benign lymphoid aggregates in bone marrow is often unclear, as they may be associated with a broad spectrum of conditions including infections, autoimmune disorders, medications, or may even be idiopathic.This review focuses on evidence-based criteria that can aid in making the distinction between benign and malignant lymphoid aggregates and discusses the advantages, disadvantages and limits of ancillary tests used for this purpose. Finally, the most common aetiologies of benign lymphoid aggregates and their associations with specific diseases are discussed.
Recurring germline mosaicism in a family due to reversion of an inherited derivative chromosome 8 from an 8;21 translocation with interstitial telomeric sequences
Authors: Bi Weimin , Yuan Bo , Liu Pengfei , Murry Jaclyn B , Qin Xiang , Xia Fan , Quach Thao , Cooper Lance M , Wiszniewska Joanna , Hixson Patricia , Peacock Sandra , Tonk Vijay S , Huff Robert W , Ortega Veronica , Lupski James R , Scherer Steven E , Littlejohn Rebecca Okashah , Velagaleti Gopalrao V N , Roeder Elizabeth R , Cheung Sau Wai 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundMosaicism for chromosomal structural abnormalities, other than marker or ring chromosomes, is rarely inherited.MethodsWe performed cytogenetics studies and breakpoint analyses on a family with transmission of mosaicism for a derivative chromosome 8 (der(8)), resulting from an unbalanced translocation between the long arms of chromosomes 8 and 21 over three generations.ResultsThe proband and his maternal half-sister had mosaicism for a der(8) cell line leading to trisomy of the distal 21q, and both had Down syndrome phenotypic features. Mosaicism for a cell line with the der(8) and a normal cell line was also detected in a maternal half-cousin. The der(8) was inherited from the maternal grandmother who had four abnormal cell lines containing the der(8), in addition to a normal cell line. One maternal half-aunt had the der(8) and an isodicentric chromosome 21 (idic(21)). Sequencing studies revealed microhomologies at the junctures of the der(8) and idic(21) in the half-aunt, suggesting a replicative mechanism in the rearrangement formation. Furthermore, interstitial telomeric sequences (ITS) were identified in the juncture between chromosomes 8 and 21 in the der(8).ConclusionMosaicism in the proband, his half-sister and half-cousin resulting from loss of chromosome 21 material from the der(8) appears to be a postzygotic event due to the genomic instability of ITS and associated with selective growth advantage of normal cells. The reversion of the inherited der(8) to a normal chromosome 8 in this family resembles revertant mosaicism of point mutations. We propose that ITS could mediate recurring revertant mosaicism for some constitutional chromosomal structural abnormalities.
Prevalence of Setaria equine microfilaraemia in horses in Hungary
Authors: Hornok S. , Genchi C. , Bazzocchi C. , Fok É , Farkas R 
Published: September 2022

Peripheral blood samples were collected randomly from 195 horses in various parts of Hungary, and the presence of microfilariae was evaluated by the Knott technique. On the basis of morphological identification 18 of the horses (9·2 per cent) were infected with Setaria equina, and the infection was confirmed in 10 animals by pcr and sequencing. The level of microfilaraemia was between 1 and 1138 larvae in 2 ml of blood. There was no correlation between the time of sampling or the sex of the animals (stallions versus mares) and the prevalence of infection, but the prevalence decreased with age. There was a significant association between the prevalence of microfilaraemia and the presence of still waters; positive samples were collected either in the region of Lake Balaton, the largest lake in the country, or at places with nearby ponds.
Image of Bonnor black dihole with a thin accretion disk and its polarization information
Authors: Zhang Zelin , Chen Songbai , Jing Jiliang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe have studied the image of Bonnor black dihole surrounded by a thin accretion disk where the electromagnetic emission is assumed to be dominated respectively by black body radiation and synchrotron radiation. Our results show that the intensity of Bonnor black dihole image increases with the magnetic parameter and the inclination angle in both radiation models. The image of Bonnor black dihole in the synchrotron radiation model is one order of magnitude brighter than that in the black body radiation model, but its intensity in the former decreases more rapidly with the radial coordinate. Especially, for the synchrotron radiation model, the intensity of the secondary image is stronger than that of the direct image at certain an inclination angle. We also present the polarization patterns for the images of Bonnor black dihole arising from the synchrotron radiation, which depend sharply on the magnetic parameter and inclination angle. Finally, we make a comparison between the polarimetric images of Bonnor black dihole and M87*. Our result further confirms that the image of black hole depends on the black hole’s properties itself, the matter around black hole and the corresponding radiation occurred in the accretion disk.
Defending against Poisoning Backdoor Attacks on Federated Meta-learning
Authors: Chen Chien-Lun , Babakniya Sara , Paolieri Marco , Golubchik Leana 
Published: September 2022

Federated learning allows multiple users to collaboratively train a shared classification model while preserving data privacy. This approach, where model updates are aggregated by a central server, was shown to be vulnerable to
poisoning backdoor attacks
: a malicious user can alter the shared model to arbitrarily classify specific inputs from a given class. In this article, we analyze the effects of backdoor attacks on federated
meta-learning
, where users train a model that can be adapted to different sets of output classes using only a few examples. While the ability to adapt could, in principle, make federated learning frameworks more robust to backdoor attacks (when new training examples are benign), we find that even one-shot attacks can be very successful and persist after additional training. To address these vulnerabilities, we propose a defense mechanism inspired by
matching networks
, where the class of an input is predicted from the similarity of its features with a
support set
of labeled examples. By removing the decision logic from the model shared with the federation, the success and persistence of backdoor attacks are greatly reduced.
Targeting STAT5 Signaling Overcomes Resistance to IDH Inhibitors in Acute Myeloid Leukemia through Suppression of Stemness
Authors: Liu Alex C.H. , Cathelin Severine , Yang Yitong , Dai David L. , Ayyathan Dhanoop Manikoth , Hosseini Mohsen , Minden Mark D. , Tierens Anne , Chan Steven M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) and IDH2 block the differentiation of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells through production of R-2-hydroxyglutarate (R-2-HG). IDH inhibitors can induce differentiation of AML cells by lowering R-2-HG but have limited clinical efficacy as single agents. Here, we performed a genome-wide CRISPR knockout screen in an Idh1-mutated hematopoietic progenitor cell line to identify genes that increased the differentiation response to ivosidenib, an IDH1 inhibitor. The screen identified C-type lectin member 5a (Clec5a), which encodes a spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK)-coupled surface receptor, as one of the top hits. Knockout of Clec5a and Syk rendered cells more sensitive to ivosidenib-induced differentiation through a reduction in STAT5-dependent expression of stemness-related genes, including genes in the homeobox (HOX) family. Importantly, direct inhibition of STAT5 activity was sufficient to increase the differentiation response to IDH inhibitors in primary human IDH1- and IDH2-mutated AML cells, including those harboring mutations in receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) and MAPK genes that have been linked to drug resistance. In patient-derived xenograft models of IDH1-mutated AML, combination treatment with ivosidenib and the STAT5 inhibitor pimozide was superior to each agent alone in inducing differentiation in leukemic cells without compromising normal hematopoiesis. These findings demonstrate that STAT5 is a critical mediator of resistance to IDH inhibitors and provide the rationale for combining STAT5 and IDH inhibitors in the treatment of IDH-mutated AML.

Significance:
A CRISPR knockout screen identifies a mechanism of resistance to IDH inhibitors in AML involving activated STAT5 signaling, suggesting a potential strategy to improve the clinical efficacy of IDH inhibitors.
ATF6-Mediated Signaling Contributes to PARP Inhibitor Resistance in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: McMellen Alexandra , Yamamoto Tomomi M. , Qamar Lubna , Sanders Brooke E. , Nguyen Lily L. , Ortiz Chavez Daniela , Bapat Jaidev , Berning Amber , Post Miriam D. , Johnson Joshua , Behbakht Kian , Nurmemmedov Elmar , Chuong Edward B. , Bitler Benjamin G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is the deadliest ovarian cancer histotype due in-part to the lack of therapeutic options for chemotherapy-resistant disease. PARP inhibitors (PARPi) represent a targeted treatment. However, PARPi resistance is becoming a significant clinical challenge. There is an urgent need to overcome resistance mechanisms to extend disease-free intervals. We established isogeneic PARPi-sensitive and -resistant HGSOC cell lines. In three PARPi-resistant models, there is a significant increase in AP-1 transcriptional activity and DNA repair capacity. Using RNA-sequencing and an shRNA screen, we identified activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) as a mediator of AP-1 activity, DNA damage response, and PARPi resistance. In publicly available datasets, ATF6 expression is elevated in HGSOC and portends a poorer recurrence-free survival. In a cohort of primary HGSOC tumors, higher ATF6 expression significantly correlated to PARPi resistance. In PARPi-resistant cell lines and a PDX model, inhibition of a known ATF6 regulator, p38, attenuated AP-1 activity and RAD51 foci formation, enhanced DNA damage, significantly inhibited tumor burden, and reduced accumulation of nuclear ATF6.

Implications:
This study highlights that a novel p38-ATF6-mediated AP-1 signaling axis contributes to PARPi resistance and provides a clinical rationale for combining PARPi and AP-1 signaling inhibitors.
Loss of the Volume-regulated Anion Channel Components LRRC8A and LRRC8D Limits Platinum Drug Efficacy
Authors: Widmer Carmen A. , Klebic Ismar , Domanitskaya Natalya , Decollogny Morgane , Howald Denise , Siffert Myriam , Essers Paul , Nowicka Zuzanna , Stokar-Regenscheit Nadine , van de Ven Marieke , de Korte-Grimmerink Renske , Galván José A. , Pritchard Colin E.J. , Huijbers Ivo J. , Fendler Wojciech , Vens Conchita , Rottenberg Sven 
Published: September 2022

In recent years, platinum (Pt) drugs have been found to be especially efficient to treat patients with cancers that lack a proper DNA damage response, for example, due to dysfunctional BRCA1. Despite this knowledge, we are still missing helpful markers to predict Pt response in the clinic. We have previously shown that volume-regulated anion channels, containing the subunits LRRC8A and LRRC8D, promote the uptake of cisplatin and carboplatin in BRCA1-proficient cell lines. Here, we show that the loss of LRRC8A or LRRC8D significantly reduces the uptake of cisplatin and carboplatin in BRCA1;p53-deficient mouse mammary tumor cells. This results in reduced DNA damage and in vivo drug resistance. In contrast to Lrrc8a, the deletion of the Lrrc8d gene does not affect the viability and fertility of mice. Interestingly, Lrrc8d−/− mice tolerate a 2-fold cisplatin MTD. This allowed us to establish a mouse model for intensified Pt-based chemotherapy, and we found that an increased cisplatin dose eradicates BRCA1;p53-deficient tumors, whereas eradication is not possible in wild-type mice. Moreover, we show that decreased expression of LRRC8A/D in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, who are treated with a Pt-based chemoradiotherapy, leads to decreased overall survival of the patients. In particular, high cumulative cisplatin dose treatments lost their efficacy in patients with a low LRRC8A/D expression in their cancers. Our data therefore suggest that LRRC8A and LRRC8D should be included in a prospective trial to predict the success of intensified cisplatin- or carboplatin-based chemotherapy.Significance:We demonstrate that lack of expression of Lrrc8a or Lrrc8d significantly reduces the uptake and efficacy of cisplatin and carboplatin in Pt-sensitive BRCA1;p53-deficient tumors. Moreover, our work provides support to confirm the LRRC8A and LRRC8D gene expression in individual tumors prior to initiation of intensive Pt-based chemotherapy.