bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Same storm, different boat: The global impact of COVID‐19 on palliative care
Authors: Willis Kelcie D. , Rao Seema Rajesh , Normen Michelle , de Groot Janet , Calman Lynn , Bahcivan Ozan , Centeno Isabel , Fehon Dwain C. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe COVID‐19 pandemic has had a complex and profound impact on the provision of palliative care globally. To support learning from palliative care providers and researchers worldwide, the Education Subcommittee of International Psycho‐Oncology Society (IPOS) Palliative Care Special Interest Group developed a webinar with presentations by and discussion with eight international palliative care leaders.MethodsPresentations were content rich; the speakers used both quantitative (e.g., sharing recent statistical findings) and qualitative (e.g., narrative storytelling, anecdotal experiences) approaches to portray the effect of COVID‐19 in their region. Subsequent to the webinar, the committee collectively identified five themes conveyed by the presenters through consensus.ResultsThe themes included: (1) altered accessibility to palliative care, with socio‐economic status impacting virtual health availability; (2) reduced opportunities to preserve dignity, as survival has been prioritized over preserving the humanity of patients and their loved ones; (3) complicated grief and bereavement arising from social distancing requirements; (4) greater awareness of the importance of sustaining health provider well‐being; and (5) the development of valuable innovations across nations, institutions, disciplines, and communities.ConclusionsOverall, the webinar facilitated valuable connection for global learning and identified opportunities for research and clinical interventions. In an ongoing crisis that has exacerbated isolation, we will need to continue to learn and lean on one another as a global community to navigate ongoing challenges of the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Impact of immunoprophylaxis with palivizumab on respiratory syncytial virus infection in preterm infants less than 35 weeks in Colombian hospitals
Authors: Galvis Clara , Colmenares Alejandro , Cabrales Lina , Ibatá Linda , Marulanda Juliana , Ovalle Oscar , Puello Dionisio , Rojas Catherine , Africano Martha , Ballesteros Adriana , Posso Héctor 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of immunoprophylaxis with palivizumab in preterm infants less than 35 weeks in terms of hospitalization rate, intensive care unit requirement, and mortality.MethodsA prospective cohort study was conducted at six Colombian hospitals. Preterm infants less than 35 weeks who received at least one dose of palivizumab during the first 6 months of life were included. The primary outcome was the hospitalization rate related to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection.ResultsA total of 222 newborns participated in the study; 204 (91.8%) completed the 6‐month follow‐up, and three died during the study. 88.7% received a second dose of palivizumab, 79.7% a third, 34.7% a fourth, and 25.2% a fifth. The nonadjusted incidence rate of RSV infection was 2.4%, and the overall RSV‐positive hospitalization rate was 1.9%. The proportion of patients that required Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) and mechanical ventilation in relation to RSV infection was 1.4%. Discharge with home oxygen, pulmonary dysplasia, and being younger than 6 months were significantly associated with respiratory infection. Furthermore, exposition to cigarette smoke was the only factor associated with increased risk of hospitalization. The group that required hospitalization received fewer doses of palivizumab (p = 0.049). No discontinuation of treatment due to adverse events were reported. No death was judged to be related to palivizumab.ConclusionThe hospitalization rate and the need for NICU admission were lower than those reported in the literature. In this real‐life setting, palivizumab appears to be effective in preventing serious cases of RSV infection.
Global human exposure to urban riverine floods and storms
Authors: Varis Olli , Taka Maija , Tortajada Cecilia 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe world's urban population is soaring, with an increasing number of people exposed to urban natural hazards such as riverine floods and storm surges. The global quantification of their extent is, however, still blurred. The ongoing surge in high‐resolution data allows novel opportunities for quantification of hazards and exposure. Here, we provide a global spatial synthesis of urban populations' exposure to riverine floods and storm surges in 1990 and 2015. Our results reveal that, owing to rapid economic development globally in a large proportion of exposed areas, most of the exposure has shifted from low‐income to middle‐income countries. Asia dominates as a continent. The total growth of human exposure continues, suggesting that disaster risk reduction policies and implementation call for enduring effort.
Optimizing methods for capturing neonate elk when using vaginal implant transmitters
Authors: Turnley Matthew T. , Larsen Randy T. , Hersey Kent R. , Sallee Daniel W , Hinton Morgan S. , McMillan Brock R. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe ability to capture and monitor neonate ungulates has been enhanced by vaginal implant transmitters (VITs). Improving capture methodology when using VITs will further increase the likelihood of capturing neonates. We analyzed data from 55 attempted captures of neonate elk (Cervus canadensis) in Utah, USA, during 2019–2020 to determine when searches for neonate elk should begin to maximize likelihood of capture while minimizing disturbance. Reducing the time elapsed between parturition and search initiation resulted in a decreased search length, decreased distance traveled by the neonate, and increased likelihood of capture. We initiated searches as early as 3.6 hours post‐parturition with no evidence of maternal abandonment. Probability of capture was near or above 90% when searches were initiated within 10 hours of parturition. We recommend that researchers initiate searches 3.6–10 hours post‐parturition to allow for capture attempts that are effective, efficient, and minimally disruptive.
Efficacy and Safety of Angioplasty Balloon Interposition in CT-Guided Percutaneous Thermal Ablation of Hepatic Malignancies to Protect Adjacent Organs
Authors: Schlappa Michael , Wüst Wolfgang , Siebler Jürgen , Grützmann Robert , Uder Michael , Schmid Axel 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the feasibility and safety of placing angioplasty balloons between the liver surface and adjacent organs in CT-guided thermal ablation of subcapsular liver malignancies in case of inadequate success of conventional dissection techniques.

Materials and Methods
A retrospective, single-centre database query identified 327 hepatic malignancies in 153 patients treated in 215 sessions from 2016 to 2018 by thermal ablation. Demographic data, tumour size, distance to adjacent structures, complications and long-term outcomes were assessed when ancillary procedures were performed to protect adjacent organs.

Results
In 21 of 327 (6.4%) ablations, thermal protection was necessary. Balloon interposition was successfully performed in 9 cases in 8 patients after hydrodissection or gas insufflation failed to separate adherent organs. Median pre- and post-balloon insertion distance was 0 mm [0–2 mm] and 17 mm [8–20 mm]. No balloons were damaged, ruptured or slid away from their initial position. Technical success of MWA and protection of adherent structures were achieved in all procedures. In a median follow-up of 11.5 months [0–49 months], the local control rate was 88.9% as 1 patient was treated twice with an interval of 3 months for local recurrence. Three non-process-related major complications and 1 minor complication occurred.

Conclusion
Balloon interposition is a safe and feasible method to enable thermal ablation to a greater number of patients, even after established thermo-protective techniques fail to separate the colon or stomach from the liver surface.
A topological perspective on weather regimes
Authors: Strommen Kristian , Chantry Matthew , Dorrington Joshua , Otter Nina 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIt has long been suggested that the mid-latitude atmospheric circulation possesses what has come to be known as ‘weather regimes’, loosely categorised as regions of phase space with above-average density and/or extended persistence. Their existence and behaviour has been extensively studied in meteorology and climate science, due to their potential for drastically simplifying the complex and chaotic mid-latitude dynamics. Several well-known, simple non-linear dynamical systems have been used as toy-models of the atmosphere in order to understand and exemplify such regime behaviour. Nevertheless, no agreed-upon and clear-cut definition of a ‘regime’ exists in the literature, and unambiguously detecting their existence in the atmospheric circulation is stymied by the high dimensionality of the system. We argue here for an approach which equates the existence of regimes in a dynamical system with the existence of non-trivial topological structure of the system’s attractor. We show using persistent homology, an algorithmic tool in topological data analysis, that this approach is computationally tractable, practically informative, and identifies the relevant regime structure across a range of examples.
Barren oder Touchieren: Tierschutzgerechte Berührungen von Pferden im Springsport – nur bestimmte Zwecke heiligen die Mittel!
Authors: Stietz Cornelia Fredericke 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungTierschutz und Pferdesport – ein Widerspruch? Bereits die bedauerlichen Reitszenen aus dem
olympischen Fünfkampf im Jahr 2021 hatten diese Frage befeuert. Anfang dieses Jahres rückte dann
der Springsport negativ in den Fokus der öffentlichen Betrachtung: Handelt es sich um eine verbotene
Trainingsmethode, wenn Helfer neben dem Sprung stehen und dem Pferd, für einen besseren Sprung, Stangen
an die Beine schlagen oder kann es schmerzhafte Behandlungen über dem Sprung geben, die mit dem Tierschutzrecht
vereinbar sind? Der Beitrag will untersuchen, ob und welche Berührungen über dem Sprung tierschutzgerecht
sein können und beleuchtet diese Frage unter Berücksichtigung des staatlichen Rechts und des reitsportlichen
Verbandsrechts.
Which components of the Mediterranean diet are associated with dementia? A UK Biobank cohort study
Authors: Dobreva Ivelina , Marston Louise , Mukadam Naaheed 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCohort studies suggest that the Mediterranean diet is associated with better global cognition in older adults, slower cognitive decline and lower risk of dementia. However, little is known about the relative contribution of each component of the Mediterranean diet to dementia risk or whether the diet’s effects are due to one or more specific food components. We aimed to examine whether Mediterranean diet components are associated with all-cause dementia risk in the UK BioBank cohort. Participants joined the UK Biobank study from 2006 to 2010 and were followed until December 2020. 249,511 participants, who were at least 55 years old, without dementia at baseline were included. We used self-reported consumption of food groups, considered part of the Mediterranean diet including fruit, vegetables, processed meat, unprocessed red meat and unprocessed poultry, fish, cheese, wholegrains. Incident dementia was ascertained through electronic linkage to primary care records, hospital and mortality records or self-report. In this study with a total follow-up of 2,868,824 person-years (median 11.4), after adjusting for all covariates and other food groups, moderate fish consumption of between 2.0 and 3.9 times a week was associated with decreased risk of dementia (HR 0.84, 95%CI 0.71–0.98) compared to no consumption. Additionally, fruit consumption of between 1.0 and 1.9 servings a day was associated with reduced dementia risk (HR 0.85, 95%CI 0.74–0.99) compared to no consumption. No other Mediterranean diet components were associated with dementia risk suggesting that fish consumption may drive the beneficial effects seen from the Mediterranean diet. Further study of potential mechanisms and diet-based intervention trials are needed to establish this.
Intravenous ferric derisomaltose versus saccharated ferric oxide for iron deficiency anemia associated with menorrhagia: a randomized, open-label, active-controlled, noninferiority study
Authors: Kawabata Hiroshi , Tamura Takeshi , Tamai Soichiro , Fujibayashi Akiko , Sugimura Motoi ,   Study Group, Hayakawa Jun , Oku Hisato , Ota Yoshiaki , Nishiguchi Sonoe , Yamada Kiyohiko , Nomura Masayasu , Mizutani Toshiro , Tamura Yoshihiro , Amemiya Kyoka , Urabe Mamoru , Henmi Hirofumi , Aisaka Kozo , Fujito Atsuya , Oku Masataka , Tei Chisei , Kawata Akinori , Hirose Masaya , Yoshioka Masuo , Nishizawa Chizue , Horiguchi Ikuyo , Hirai Kozo , Tanabe Akiko , Yoshida Shohei , Umezawa Yoshihiro , Kashiwazaki Yuji , Kamegai Hideki , Saito Toshio , Naritaka Kazutoshi , Yamauchi Shigehito , Akazawa Kenji , Kobiki Koji , Tsujioka Hiroshi , Sumi Yukari , Matsumoto Reiko , Kiuchi Mari , Utsugisawa Yukari , Maruyama Masanori , Furumoto Hiroyuki , Minegishi Kazuhiro , Takane Masao , Yoshii Asuka , Yokokura Tsuneo , Hanashi Hideki , Yukawa Sumie 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA multicenter, randomized, open-label, phase III study was conducted to compare the efficacy and safety of intravenous ferric derisomaltose (FDI) versus saccharated ferric oxide (SFO) in Japanese patients with iron deficiency anemia associated with menorrhagia. FDI can be administered as a single dose up to 1000 mg, whereas SFO has a maximum single dose of 120 mg. The primary endpoint, which was the maximum change in hemoglobin concentration from baseline, was noninferior for the FDI group compared with the SFO group. The incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events was lower in the FDI group (66.2%) than in the SFO group (90.8%). Notably, the incidence of serum phosphorus level < 2.0 mg/dL was significantly lower in the FDI group (8.4%) than in the SFO group (83.2%), and severe hypophosphatemia (≤ 1.0 mg/dL) occurred in 6.7% of SFO‑treated patients compared with none in the FDI group. The percentage of patients who achieved the cumulative total iron dose during the 8-week treatment period was higher in the FDI group (92.8%) than in the SFO group (43.2%). The study met its primary endpoint, and also demonstrated the tolerability of a high dose of FDI per infusion, with a lower incidence of hypophosphatemia.
Genomic copy number alterations as biomarkers for triple negative pregnancy-associated breast cancer
Authors: Suelmann B. B. M. , Rademaker A. , van Dooijeweert C. , van der Wall E. , van Diest P. J. , Moelans C. B. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
PABC, commonly defined as breast cancer diagnosed during or ≤ 1 year after pregnancy, accounts for 7% of all breast cancers in women ≤ 45 years. Compared to age-matched non-PABC patients, PABC is characterized by a particularly aggressive histopathologic profile with poorly differentiated and estrogen- and progesterone receptor negative tumors and associated high mortality rates. This study assessed the genomic background of triple-negative PABC tumors by detection of copy number alterations (CNAs).

Methods
MLPA was used to compare CNAs in breast cancer-associated chromosomal loci between triple-negative PABC- and subtype-matched non-PABC patients. Both CNA patterns were evaluated by cluster analysis; associations between individual gene CNAs, pathological characteristics and survival were explored.

Results
Triple-negative PABC tumors exhibited unique CNAs compared to non-PABC tumors, including enrichment for TOP2A copy number loss, an independent predictor of worse overall survival (HR 8.96, p = 0.020). Cluster analysis based on CNA profiles identified a triple-negative PABC-subgroup with a particularly poor prognosis, characterized by chromosome 8p copy number loss. Individual gene CNAs analysis revealed that FGFR1 copy number loss on chromosome 8p11.23 was an independent predictor of poor outcome in multivariate analysis (HR 3.59, p = 0.053) and predicted the development of distant metastases (p = 0.048).

Conclusion
This study provides novel insights into the biology of triple-negative PABC tumors suggesting that CNAs, particularly 8p loss and TOP2A loss, are involved in the development of breast cancer during pregnancy. FGFR1 loss and TOP2A loss seem to be promising new biomarkers that independently identify subgroups of PABC patients with poor prognosis. These genomic biomarkers may provide clues for personalized therapy.
Reserve-dependent capital efficiency, cross-sector competition, and mineral security considerations in mineral industry transition
Authors: Bang Rasmus Noss , Trellevik Lars-Kristian Lunde 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study pinpoints three current factors that could be momentous in a possible transition to marine mining, namely reserve-dependent capital efficiency (accessibility and grade-dependent output per unit capital), cross-sector competition (competition between two separate mining sectors), and asymmetric mineral security considerations (e.g., the resource owner(s) and government(s) tied to a sector desires production for profit and security reasons). Moreover, four conceptual optimization problems are explored to specify the potential roles of said factors in a possible transition. The first problem considers a principal agent, who make decisions on behalf of resource owner(s), government(s) and producer(s), and invests and extracts to maximize the net present value of extraction from onshore and offshore reserves while facing reserve-independent capital efficiency. The second problem considers the same as the first, except here, the principal meets reserve-dependent capital efficiency. The third problem considers two principals, each representing resource owner(s), government(s), and producer(s) tied to a sector, who invest and extract to maximize the net present value of extraction from the respective reserves subject to the decisions of the other principal. Finally, the last problem considers a duopoly setting in which the marine principal values both financial gain and mineral security. The results illustrate that reserve-dependent capital efficiency, cross-sector competition, and mineral security considerations can, in different ways, drive a possible transition to marine mining. Possible counter effective factors are highlighted and discussed.
Leisure Adjustments of Older Finnish Adults during the Early Stages of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Koskinen Veera K. , Leinonen Emilia A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe current approach to “aging well” emphasizes the importance of active leisure participation in late adulthood. This relates to the view that leisure activities enable older adults to stay physically, mentally, and socially active, and they thereby contribute to wellbeing. In spring 2020, leisure activity engagement was significantly hampered by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study explores leisure-related experiences and adaptation strategies among Finnish older adults during the period of strict physical distancing. The data comprises letters (N = 77) written by Finnish people (aged 70–93) that were analyzed using content analysis. The study suggests that the reorganization of leisure was particularly influenced by the social significance of leisure activities, the age identities of the participants, and the prevailing ideals of active aging. The paper introduces three strategies of leisure adjustment: building new routines, maintaining activeness, and enjoying slow leisure. The article highlights the importance of investing in older adults’ leisure participation in the aftercare of the pandemic.
Decomposing attitude distributions to characterize attitude polarization in Europe
Authors: Gestefeld Martin , Lorenz Jan , Henschel Nils Tobias , Boehnke Klaus 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn recent years, political discourse and election results appear to be more polarized in western countries but is this associated with increasing attitude polarization of their general public? To answer this question, many different polarization measures have been proposed in the literature but no systematic empirical comparison exists. In an exploratory analysis of 4155 attitude distributions on 11-point scales from the European Social Survey, we find that most polarization measures for single attitude distributions correlate strongly with the average attitude discrepancy between randomly selected pairs. We propose this as a catch-all measure for polarization because it can be decomposed into components related to different groups. By analyzing attitude distributions of the left–right political self-placements and several other topics, we find that distributions are typically not unimodal or bimodal, but show more so a structure with up to five modes. We exploit this structure by fitting a model with five latent groups of moderates, extremists, and centrists. Finally, we use the decomposition of polarization with respect to these groups to analyze polarization and its different aspects across topics, countries, and time establishing an overview and new perspectives on single attitude polarization in Europe.
AI ethics: the case for including animals
Authors: Singer Peter , Tse Yip Fai 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe ethics of artificial intelligence, or AI ethics, is a rapidly growing field, and rightly so. While the range of issues and groups of stakeholders concerned by the field of AI ethics is expanding, with speculation about whether it extends even to the machines themselves, there is a group of sentient beings who are also affected by AI, but are rarely mentioned within the field of AI ethics—the nonhuman animals. This paper seeks to explore the kinds of impact AI has on nonhuman animals, the severity of these impacts, and their moral implications. We hope that this paper will facilitate the development of a new field of philosophical and technical research regarding the impacts of AI on animals, namely, the ethics of AI as it affects nonhuman animals.
Experimental Machine Ethics and the Problem of Entrenchment
Authors: Merdes Christoph 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe increasing prevalence of autonomously operating artificial agents has created the desire and arguably need to equip such agents with moral capabilities. A potential tool to morally sanction an artificial agent as admissible for its tasks is to apply a so-called moral Turing test (MTT) to the machine. The MTT can be supported by a pragmatist metaethics as an iteratively applied and modified procedure. However, this iterative, experimentalist procedure faces a dilemma due to the problem of technological entrenchment. I argue that, at least in certain important domains of application, the justification of artificial moral agents requires their deployment, which may entrench them and thereby undermine the justificatory process by hindering its further iteration.
ARISTOPHANES, CLOUDS 327: GROATS GET IN YOUR EYES
Authors: Griffith R. Drew 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn Aristophanes’ Clouds, Socrates vents his frustration at his new pupil Strepsiades’ inability to see the eponymous chorus with the line ‘You would see them unless you have drops of rheum in your eyes as big as gourds (κολοκύνταις).’ This line is problematic, because gourds relate to eyesight in no obvious way. However, Aristophanes might have ended the verse by referring to Socrates’ initiation of Strepsiades sixty-five lines earlier by a liberal sprinkling of barley, and written ‘or you're blear-eyed with barley-groats (οὐλοχύταισι)’. If some reader added κρομ(μ)ύοις ‘with onions’ to his text as a more universally valid explanation for an eye-affliction, a later scribe might have thought this an attempted correction, and substituted κολοκύνταις, which is both metrically correct and palaeographically closer to οὐλοχύταισι than is κρομ(μ)ύοις.