bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Oncologist and Model Estimates of Risk for Hospitalization During Systemic Therapy for Advanced Cancer
Authors: Emery Lukas P. , Muralikrishnan Sivraj , Schrag Deb , Tosteson Anna N.A. , Brooks Gabriel A. 
Published: December 2022

PURPOSE: A validated risk model with inputs of pretreatment sodium and albumin can identify patients at risk for hospitalization during cancer treatment. We evaluated how the model compares with risk estimates from treating oncologists. METHODS: We evaluated the 30-day risk of hospitalization or death in patients starting palliative-intent systemic therapy for solid tumor malignancy. For each patient, we prospectively recorded categorical estimates of 30-day hospitalization risk (bottom third, middle third, top third) generated by a treating oncologist and by the two-variable model; a third hybrid risk estimate represented a composite of the oncologist and model risk assessments. We analyzed the agreement of oncologist and model-based risk estimates and compared discrimination, sensitivity, and specificity of each risk assessment method. RESULTS: We collected oncologist, model, and hybrid estimates of hospitalization risk for 120 patients. The 30-day rate of hospitalization or death was 20%. There was minimal agreement between oncologist and model risk estimates (weighted kappa = 0.27). The c-statistic (a measure of discrimination) was 0.69 (95% CI, 0.57 to 0.81) for the clinician assessment, 0.77 for the model assessment (CI, 0.67 to 0.86; P = .24 compared with the oncologist assessment), and 0.79 for the hybrid assessment (CI, 0.69 to 0.90; P = .007 compared with the oncologist assessment). Sensitivity and specificity of the high-risk categorization did not differ significantly between the oncologist and model assessments; the hybrid assessment was significantly more sensitive ( P = .02) and less specific ( P = .03) than the oncologist assessment. CONCLUSION: A model with inputs of pretreatment sodium and albumin improves oncologists' predictions of hospitalization risk during cancer treatment.
Longitudinal Stability of Vitamin D Status and Its Association With Bone Mineral Density in Middle-aged Australians
Authors: Zhu Kun , Hunter Michael , Hui Jennie , Murray Kevin , James Alan , Lim Ee Mun , Cooke Brian R , Walsh John P 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Context
The skeletal effects of vitamin D remain controversial and it is uncertain whether variation in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels over time influences bone mineral density (BMD).

Objective
We evaluated longitudinal stability of serum 25OHD and associations with changes in BMD in participants aged 46-70 years at baseline.

Methods
We studied 3698 Busselton Healthy Ageing Study participants (2040 female) with serum 25OHD and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) BMD assessments at baseline and at ∼6 years follow-up. Restricted cubic splines were used to evaluate associations between changes in 25OHD and BMD.

Results
Mean season-corrected serum 25OHD was 81.3 ± 22.7 and 78.8 ± 23.1 nmol/L at baseline and 6 years, respectively, and showed moderate correlation (intraclass correlation coefficient: 0.724). Significant predictors of change in 25OHD concentration (Δ25OHD) included baseline 25OHD, change in body mass index and vitamin D supplementation at follow-up. Greater decline in serum 25OHD over time was associated with significantly greater reduction in BMD at total hip and femoral neck, but the magnitude of the differences was small (estimated differences 0.004 g/cm2 and 0.005-0.007 g/cm2, respectively, for lowest quartile of Δ25OHD compared with higher quartiles, adjusted for sex, baseline BMD, 25OHD, and demographics). No significant associations between Δ25OHD and lumbar spine BMD were observed. Increase in 25OHD levels was not associated with change in BMD.

Conclusions
In this predominantly vitamin D–replete middle-aged cohort, serum 25OHD showed moderate longitudinal stability. Declining serum 25OHD over time was associated with greater reduction in BMD at the total hip and femoral neck.
An Unreality Effect: Simile in Flaubert's Madame Bovary
Authors: Lee-Lenfield Spencer 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Reexamining Flaubert's use of simile in Madame Bovary yields fresh insights into old, deep questions in the study of realism: depiction of thought, free indirect speech, the relationship between representation and reality. Barthes thought the content of a simile was ultimately merely a gesture toward the realness that it thereby signified, and Proust assumed a simile ought to be precise, singular, and novel—but Flaubert's similes actually interact with his famously ironic narration to depict a particular kind of thought and feeling on the part of his characters. They are negative similes, hollow, meant to refract the comparison backward: as much as X is like Y, X is not Y. These similes intensify and dignify what they describe, but only within the penumbra of Flaubert's characteristically ironic detachment. By setting what is the case side by side with what is not, they continually aerate the prose with a sense of the grandeur that reality fails to attain. They challenge the reader to look at simile as an ironic figure rather than as needless ornament or (pace Barthes) straightforward denotation. The ambiguous relationship of simile to reality in Madame Bovary makes it a fitting rhetorical figure through which to consider the novel itself.
The Detached Self
Authors: Page Jeremy 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDaniel C. Dennett has argued that the self is a “theorists’ fiction,” a narrative self that is spun from the brain and functions like a center of gravity; an abstraction that is “supremely useful,” even if an ontological fiction. Various theorists, including Priscilla Brandon, Richard Menary, and Lynne Rudder Baker have retorted that embodiment and a first-person ownership—a “mineness” in Brandon's terms—are both necessary for and prior to such a narrative self. The article proposes that the self that is evident in autobiographical art problematizes both of these accounts, illuminating the possibility for self-detachment: the point at which the self loses its center of gravity, its embodiment and its “mineness,” yet remains. Through a consideration of the autobiographical poetry of Charles Bukowski, the article argues that autobiographical art is able not only to construct biography, but to construct identity as well.
Radiomic-based machine learning model for the accurate prediction of prostate cancer risk stratification
Authors: Shu Xin , Liu Yunfan , Qiao Xiaofeng , Ai Guangyong , Liu Li , Liao Jun , Deng Zhengqiao , He Xiaojing 
Published: December 2022

Objectives: To precisely predict prostate cancer (PCa) risk stratification, we constructed a machine learning (ML) model based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) radiomic features. Methods: Between August 2016 and May 2021, patients with histologically proven PCa who underwent pre-operative MRI and prostate-specific antigen screening were included. The patients were grouped into different risk categories as defined by the European Association of Urology-European Association of Nuclear Medicine-European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology-European Society of Urogenital Radiology-International Society of Geriatric Oncology guidelines. Using Artificial Intelligence Kit software, PCa regions of interest were delineated and radiomic features were extracted. Subsequently, predictable models were built by utilising five traditional ML approaches: support vector machine, logistic regression, gradient boosting decision tree, k-nearest neighbour and random forest (RF) classifiers. The classification capacity of the developed models was assessed by area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) analysis. Results: A total of 213 patients were enrolled, including 16 low-risk, 65 intermediate-risk, and 132 high-risk PCa patients. The risk stratification of PCa could be revealed by MRI radiomic features, and second-order features accounted for most of the selected features. Among the five established ML models, the RF model showed the best overall predictive performance (AUC = 0.87). After further analysis of the subgroups based on the RF model, the prediction of the high-risk group was the best (AUC = 0.89). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the MR radiomics-based ML method could be a promising tool for predicting PCa risk stratification precisely. Advances in knowledge: The ML models have valuable prospect for accurate PCa risk assessment, which might contribute to customize treatment and surveillance strategies.
Enhanced effect of X-rays in the presence of a static magnetic field within a 3D pancreatic cancer model
Authors: Wishart Gabrielle , Gupta Priyanka , Nisbet Andrew , Velliou Eirini , Schettino Giuseppe 
Published: December 2022

Objective: To evaluate the impact of static magnetic field (SMF) presence on the radiation response of pancreatic cancer cells in polyurethane-based highly macro-porous scaffolds in hypoxic (1% O2) and normoxic (21% O2) conditions, towards understanding MR-guided radiotherapy, shedding light on the potential interaction phenomenon between SMF and radiation in a three-dimensional (3D) microenvironment. Methods: Pancreatic cancer cells (PANC-1, ASPC-1) were seeded into fibronectin-coated highly porous polyethene scaffolds for biomimicry and cultured for 4 weeks in in vitro normoxia (21% O2) followed by a 2-day exposure to either in vitro hypoxia (1% O2) or maintenance in in vitro normoxia (21% O2). The samples were then irradiated with 6 MV photons in the presence or absence of a 1.5 T field. Thereafter, in situ post-radiation monitoring (1 and 7 days post-irradiation treatment) took place via quantification of (i) live dead and (ii) apoptotic profiles. Results: We report: (i) pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma hypoxia-associated radioprotection, in line with our previous findings, (ii) an enhanced effect of radiation in the presence of SMFin in vitro hypoxia (1% O2) for both short- (1 day) and long-term (7 days) post -radiation analysis and (iii) an enhanced effect of radiation in the presence of SMF in in vitro normoxia (21% O2) for long-term (7 days) post-radiation analysis within a 3D pancreatic cancer model Conclusion: With limited understanding of the potential interaction phenomenon between SMF and radiation, this 3D system allows combination evaluation for a cancer in which the role of radiotherapy is still evolving. Advances in knowledge: This study examined the use of a 3D model to investigate MR-guided radiotherapy in a hypoxic microenvironment, indicating that this could be a useful platform to further understanding of SMF influence on radiation.
Evaluation of cytosine conversion methods for whole-genome DNA methylation profiling
Authors: Poudel Shyaron , Hale Brett , Wijeratne Asela J. 
Published: December 2022

Background: DNA methylation, the most common epigenetic modification, is defined as the removal or addition of methyl groups to cytosine bases. Studying DNA methylation provides insight into the regulation of gene expression, transposon mobility, genomic stability, and genomic imprinting. Whole-genome DNA methylation profiling (WGDM) is a powerful tool to find DNA methylation. This technique combines standard whole-genome sequencing methodology (e.g., Illumina high-throughput sequencing) with additional steps where unmethylated cytosine is converted to uracil. However, factors such as low cytosine conversion efficiency and inadequate DNA recovery during sample preparation oftentimes render poor-quality data. It is therefore imperative to benchmark sample preparation protocols to increase sequencing data quality and reduce false positives in methylation detection. Methods: A survey analysis was performed to investigate the efficiency of the following commercially available cytosine conversion kits when coupled with the NEBNext® Ultra™ DNA Library Prep Kit for Illumina (NEB): Zymo Research EZ DNA Methylation™ kit (hereafter known as Zymo Conversion kit), QIAGEN EpiTect Bisulfite kit (hereafter known as QIAGEN Conversion kit), and NEBNext® Enzymatic Methyl-seq Conversion Module (hereafter known as NEB EM-seq kit). Input DNA was derived from soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merrill) leaf tissue. Results: Of those tested, the QIAGEN Conversion kit provided the best sample recovery and the highest number of sequencing reads, whereas the Zymo Conversion kit had the best cytosine conversion efficiency and the least duplication. The sequence library obtained with the NEB EM-seq kit had the highest mapping efficiency (percentage of reads mapped to the genome). The data quality (defined by Phred score) and methylated cytosine call were similar between kits. Conclusions: This study offers the groundwork for selecting an effective DNA methylation detection kit for crop genome research.
Impact of variable electricity price on heat pump operated buildings
Authors: Mascherbauer Philipp , Schöniger Franziska , Kranzl Lukas , Yu Songmin 
Published: December 2022

Background: Residential buildings with heat pumps show promising possibilities for demand-side management. The operation optimization of such heating systems can lead to cost reduction and, at the same time, change electricity consumption patterns, which is especially prevalent in the case of a variable price signal. In this work, we deal with the following question: How does the volatility of a variable retail electricity price change the energy consumption of buildings with a smart energy management system? Methods: In this context, we take Austria as an example and aggregate the findings of individual households to the national stock of single-family houses. This is done by simulating and optimzing heating operation in single representative buildings. The aggregation is done based on national building information statistics. Results: This part of the Austrian building stock could shift 19.7 GWh of electricity per year through thermal inertia using a real-time electricity price from 2021. We show the future potential under the assumption of three electricity price trends for 2030, representing different decarbonisation ambition levels. The trends show that higher decarbonisation levels which lead to higher electricity prices increase the incentive to shift electric loads. Conclusions: Real time pricing turns out to be an effective incentive for buildings to shift electric loads by pre-heating the building mass. However, cost savings for individuals are relatively low which is why additional monetary incentives are needed to tap into that potential. Increased daily peak-to-peak demand from these buildings has to put into perspective to the overall grid load.
Characterising and Addressing the Psychosocial Impact of Tuberculosis in Indonesia (CAPITA): A study protocol
Authors: Fuady Ahmad , Fitriangga Agus , Sugiharto Agus , Arifin Bustanul , Yunita Ferdiana , Yani Finny Fitry , Nasution Helmi Suryani , Putra I Wayan Gede Artawan Eka , Rauf Saidah , Mansyur Muchtaruddin , Wingfield Tom 
Published: December 2022

Background: Tuberculosis (TB)-related stigma remains a key barrier for people with TB to access and engage with TB services and can contribute to the development of mental illnesses. This study aims to characterise stigmatisation towards people with TB and its psychosocial impact in Indonesia. Methods: This study will apply a sequential mixed method in two main settings: TB services-based population (setting 1) and workplace-based population (setting 2). In setting 1, we will interview 770 adults with TB who undergo sensitive-drug TB treatment in seven provinces of Indonesia. The interview will use the validated TB Stigma Scale questionnaire, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and EQ-5D-5L to assess stigma, mental illness, and quality of life. In Setting 2, we will deploy an online questionnaire to 640 adult employees in 12 public and private companies. The quantitative data will be followed by in-depth interview to TB-related stakeholders. Results: CAPITA will not only characterise the enacted stigma which are directly experienced by people with TB, but also self-stigma felt by people with TB, secondary stigma faced by their family members, and structural stigma related to the law and policy. The qualitative analyses will strengthen the quantitative findings to formulate the potential policy direction for zero TB stigma in health service facilities and workplaces. Involving all stakeholders, i.e., people with TB, healthcare workers, National Tuberculosis Program officers, The Ministry of Health Workforce, company managers, and employees, will enhance the policy formulation. The validated tool to measure TB-related stigma will also be promoted for scaling up to be implemented at the national level. Conclusions: To improve patient-centered TB control strategy policy, it is essential to characterise and address TB-related stigma and mental illness and explore the needs for psychosocial support for an effective intervention to mitigate the psychosocial impact of TB.
Andrés Arauz y Guillermo Lasso en TikTok, durante sus candidaturas a la presidencia de Ecuador en el año 2021
Authors: Herrera-Morejón Génesis Carolina , Muso-Ullauri Anahí Julieth , Segura-Mariño Adriana Graciela 
Published: December 2022

Las redes sociales se han convertido en uno de los principales canales de comunicación política. Por lo tanto, el objetivo principal de esta investigación es analizar las estrategias de comunicación que emplearon en TikTok, los finalistas a la presidencia de Ecuador en el año 2021, Andrés Arauz y Guillermo Lasso. Se aplicó la técnica de análisis de contenido en el total de videos que los dos presidenciales publicaron durante la segunda vuelta electoral. Se diseñó un libro de códigos que ofrece un nivel alto de fiabilidad intercodificadores (αk = 0.88) y se realizaron pruebas estadísticas para analizar la asociación que hay entre las variables de estudio. En este sentido, se comprobó que existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las estrategias de comunicación y el nivel de interacción que los candidatos tuvieron con la audiencia. En consecuencia, se hace evidente la importancia de elegir correctamente los contenidos y los códigos lingü.sticos, así como los códigos visuales, para conseguir una comunicación participativa y multidireccional.
Anticorruption, Government Subsidies, and Innovation: Evidence from China
Authors: Fang Lily , Lerner Josh , Wu Chaopeng , Zhang Qi 
Published: December 2022

We leverage an exogenous shock—the crackdown on corrupt Chinese officials beginning in 2012—and examine how the allocation of research subsidies and innovative outcomes were affected. We argue that the staggered removal of provincial heads on corruption charges during China’s anticorruption campaign and the unanticipated departures of local government officials responsible for innovation programs led to plausibly exogenous reductions in corruption. After both events, the allocation of subsidies became more sensitive to firm merit than to corruption and subsidies became more strongly associated with future innovation. Anticorruption efforts and officials’ career incentives improved the efficacy of subsidy programs.This paper was accepted by Toby Stuart, entrepreneurship and innovation.Funding: This work was supported by the Harvard Business School, Toulouse Network on Information Technology, Major projects of the National Social Fund of China [Project 22ZDA047], and National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 71790601, 71722012].Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4611 .
The Ratchet Effect: Theory and Empirical Evidence
Authors: Matějka Michal , Mahlendorf Matthias D. , Schäffer Utz 
Published: December 2022

Using current performance to set future targets can discourage effort and reduce performance. Our study examines whether this ratchet effect also undermines incentives of high-level managers and executives. We use a dynamic model to show that empirical tests used in prior literature can falsely reject the null hypothesis of no ratchet effect. We also motivate a new test that can better detect the adverse incentives effects of target setting. Specifically, we show that the ratchet effect can be identified as the effect of past performance on changes in perceived target difficulty. We use panel data from nine annual 2011–2019 surveys to implement this test. Similar to prior studies, we find strong evidence that targets are revised upward following good performance. Nevertheless, we reject the ratchet effect hypothesis because we further find that good performance in one period is associated with a decrease in perceived target difficulty in the next period. This finding is more pronounced in settings where well-performing managers have more private information about future performance and where long-term commitments are more credible. This paper was accepted by Suraj Srinivasan, accounting. Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4641 .
Awareness and willingness to apply for halal guarantee certification: a study of MSMEs assisted by BAZNAS Yogyakarta
Authors: Ikawati Retty , Rahman Anisa Nur Baiti 
Published: December 2022

Lifestyle changes in a fast-paced direction require producers and consumers to be smart about it. Manufacturers are required to provide products with good quality, not only material but also a series of processes applied in the production process. Four aspects, namely awareness about halal assurance certification, commitment to halal certification, availability of resources, and the last aspect is governance, which is the key to these changes. Halal Assurance Certification is one of the indicators that a product meets the quality criteria as halal food that producers must meet. This study aims to determine the awareness and desire of MSMEs to meet the criteria to apply for Halal Assurance Certification. The variables in the questionnaire to be developed following 11 HC criteria, namely halal policy, halal management team, training and education, materials, products, production facilities, written procedures for critical activities, traceability, procedures for handling products that do not meet the criteria, internal audits, management reviews. Data analysis with descriptive statistical tests, using the Pearson Product Moment correlation coefficient to determine the relationship of the data obtained. Administrative requirements are something that needs to be considered. The limitations of human resources with odd job roles are also obstacles in implementing the administrative system. Those criteria are written procedure criteria for critical activities (WPCA), traceability (T), product handling procedures that do not meet the criteria (PH), internal audit (IA), and review management. The desire of MSMEs to apply for halal certificates is also at a high level. The relationship between consciousness and desire also enters into a strong and moderate relationship in administrative applications. With these conditions, MSMEs assisted by BAZNAS need assistance in applying for halal certificates.
Keywords: halal awareness, halal certification, MSMEs, willingness