bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Civil Courts and Delocalized Justice: Reflections on the Shell Nigeria Cases in Light of Theories of Communication and Constitutionalization
Authors: Mak Chantal 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn conversation with several chapters of Stefan Grundmann’s, Hans Micklitz’s, and Moritz Renner’s book on New Private Law Theory, this paper reflects on contributions that theories of communication and constitutionalization can make to our understanding of the changing role of private law in a globalizing world. More abstract ideals are checked against an assessment of recent judgments of Dutch courts in cases regarding oil company Shell’s responsibility for environmental pollution in Nigeria. Such theoretical readings of case law, it is held, in the spirit of New Private Law Theory, show new directions that private law theories may choose in order to understand and strengthen the private-legal framework for societal questions of our times.
Sex differences in longevity are relative, not independent
Authors: Wallentin Mikkel 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
I ask three questions related to the claims made within the staying alive theory (SAT): Is survival more fitness-enhancing for females than for males? Does the historical record on sex differences in mortality support the SAT? Is it possible to talk about “independent selective pressures on both male and female traits” when all we have are sex/gender comparisons?
Toward a more domain-specific conceptualization of female traits: A commentary on Benenson et al. (2022)
Authors: Crosby Courtney L. , Hahnel-Peeters Rebecka K. , Buss David M. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Benenson et al. (2022) amass impressive evidence of robust sex differences as support for expanding “staying alive” theory. We argue for a broader and more domain-specific conceptualization focusing on life history tradeoffs between survival and mating success. Using three examples – women's disgust, fear of rape, and cultivation of bodyguards – we illustrate these tradeoffs and suggest a broader theoretical framework.
Staying alive enhances both women's and men's fitness
Authors: Hagen Renée V. , Knorr Delaney A. , Li Sally , Mensing Ashley , Scelza Brooke A. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We argue that Benenson et al. need to consider not only sex differences in the effects of care on offspring survival but also in age-specific fertility when predicting how longevity affects fitness. We review evidence that staying alive has important effects on both women's and men's fitness, and encourage consideration of alternative explanations for observed sex differences in threat responses.
Bronchiolitis obliterans organising pneumonia secondary to tacrolimus toxicity in a pediatric cardiac transplant recipient
Authors: Karim Farida , Misra Amrit , Sehgal Swati 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackground:Bronchiolitis obliterans organising pneumonia is a rare complication associated with calcineurin inhibitors and mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors. While bronchiolitis obliterans organising pneumonia in adult transplant patients has been reported, it has not been well described in pediatric transplant patients.Case description:We present a case of a 19-month-old male patient with dilated cardiomyopathy who underwent orthotropic heart transplantation at 14 months of life for heart failure refractory to medical therapy. Approximately 4 months post-transplant, he presented with diarrhea and vomiting with acute kidney injury secondary to dehydration. His tacrolimus level on admission and first week of hospitalisation was within target range of 10–12 ng/ml. He was diagnosed with esophagitis and prescribed proton pump inhibitors. Our patient subsequently developed significant respiratory distress with initial chest radiograph showing right lower lobe opacities. Repeat tacrolimus at the time of worsening respiratory status was 84.2 ng/dL and his tacrolimus was held. He required intubation due to significant hypoxia with progression of lung to disease and development of diffuse bilateral opacities consistent with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Despite initiation of steroids and aggressive ventilator management, he continued to be hypoxic on maximal respiratory support. After 28 days post admission, support was withdrawn. On autopsy, his lung biopsy findings were consistent with bronchiolitis obliterans organising pneumonia.Conclusion:Life-threatening bronchiolitis obliterans organising pneumonia can be seen in pediatric transplant patients on tacrolimus or when transitioning from tacrolimus to sirolimus, highlighting the need for close monitoring of heart transplant patients on immunosuppressive medications presenting with hypoxia.
Valley Networks and the Record of Glaciation on Ancient Mars
Authors: Grau Galofre A. , Whipple K. X. , Christensen P. R. , Conway S. J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe lack of evidence for large‐scale glacial landscapes on Mars has led to the belief that ancient glaciations had to be frozen to the ground. Here we propose that the fingerprints of Martian wet‐based glaciation should be the remnants of the ice sheet drainage system instead of landforms generally associated with terrestrial ice sheets. We use the terrestrial glacial hydrology framework to interrogate how the Martian surface gravity affects glacial hydrology, ice sliding, and glacial erosion. Taking as reference the ancient southern circumpolar ice sheet that deposited the Dorsa Argentea formation, we compare the theoretical behavior of identical ice sheets on Mars and Earth and show that, whereas on Earth glacial drainage is predominantly inefficient, enhancing ice sliding and erosion, on Mars the lower gravity favors the formation of efficient subglacial drainage. The apparent lack of large‐scale glacial fingerprints on Mars, such as drumlins or lineations, is to be expected.
Circular RNA ROCK1, a novel circRNA, suppresses osteosarcoma proliferation and migration via altering the miR-532-5p/PTEN axis
Authors: Liu Yize , Qiu Guanzhen , Luo Yinzhou , Li Shanshan , Xu Yeqiu , Zhang Yuanzhuang , Hu Jiayuan , Li Peifeng , Pan Hai , Wang Yong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAs the most prevalent bone tumor in children and adolescents, the pathogenesis and metastasis of osteosarcoma (OS) remain largely unclear. Here, we investigated the expression and function of a novel circular RNA (circRNA), circROCK1-E3/E4, which is back-spliced from exons 3 and 4 of Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 1 (ROCK1) in OS. We found that circROCK1-E3/E4, regulated by the well-known RNA-binding protein quaking (QKI), was downregulated in OS and correlated with unfavorable clinical features of patients with OS. Functional proliferation and cell motility assays indicated that circROCK1-E3/E4 serves as a tumor suppressor in OS cells. Mechanistically, circROCK1-E3/E4 suppressed proliferation and migration by upregulating phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) through microRNA-532-5p (miR-532-5p) sponging. In the constructed nude mouse model, circROCK1-E3/E4 inhibited tumor growth and lung metastasis in vivo. This study demonstrates the functions and molecular mechanisms of circROCK1-E3/E4 in the progression of OS. These findings may identify novel targets for the molecular therapy of OS.
Dietary regulation in health and disease
Authors: Wu Qi , Gao Zhi-Jie , Yu Xin , Wang Ping 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNutriments have been deemed to impact all physiopathologic processes. Recent evidences in molecular medicine and clinical trials have demonstrated that adequate nutrition treatments are the golden criterion for extending healthspan and delaying ageing in various species such as yeast, drosophila, rodent, primate and human. It emerges to develop the precision-nutrition therapeutics to slow age-related biological processes and treat diverse diseases. However, the nutritive advantages frequently diversify among individuals as well as organs and tissues, which brings challenges in this field. In this review, we summarize the different forms of dietary interventions extensively prescribed for healthspan improvement and disease treatment in pre-clinical or clinical. We discuss the nutrient-mediated mechanisms including metabolic regulators, nutritive metabolism pathways, epigenetic mechanisms and circadian clocks. Comparably, we describe diet-responsive effectors by which dietary interventions influence the endocrinic, immunological, microbial and neural states responsible for improving health and preventing multiple diseases in humans. Furthermore, we expatiate diverse patterns of dietotheroapies, including different fasting, calorie-restricted diet, ketogenic diet, high-fibre diet, plants-based diet, protein restriction diet or diet with specific reduction in amino acids or microelements, potentially affecting the health and morbid states. Altogether, we emphasize the profound nutritional therapy, and highlight the crosstalk among explored mechanisms and critical factors to develop individualized therapeutic approaches and predictors.
Polygenic resilience scores capture protective genetic effects for Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Hou Jiahui , Hess Jonathan L. , Armstrong Nicola , Bis Joshua C. , Grenier-Boley Benjamin , Karlsson Ida K. , Leonenko Ganna , Numbers Katya , O’Brien Eleanor K. , Shadrin Alexey , Thalamuthu Anbupalam , Yang Qiong , Andreassen Ole A. , Brodaty Henry , Gatz Margaret , Kochan Nicole A. , Lambert Jean-Charles , Laws Simon M. , Masters Colin L. , Mather Karen A. , Pedersen Nancy L. , Posthuma Danielle , Sachdev Perminder S. , Williams Julie ,   the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, Fan Chun Chieh , Faraone Stephen V. , Fennema-Notestine Christine , Lin Shu-Ju , Escott-Price Valentina , Holmans Peter , Seshadri Sudha , Tsuang Ming T. , Kremen William S. , Glatt Stephen J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPolygenic risk scores (PRSs) can boost risk prediction in late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD) beyond apolipoprotein E (APOE) but have not been leveraged to identify genetic resilience factors. Here, we sought to identify resilience-conferring common genetic variants in (1) unaffected individuals having high PRSs for LOAD, and (2) unaffected APOE-ε4 carriers also having high PRSs for LOAD. We used genome-wide association study (GWAS) to contrast “resilient” unaffected individuals at the highest genetic risk for LOAD with LOAD cases at comparable risk. From GWAS results, we constructed polygenic resilience scores to aggregate the addictive contributions of risk-orthogonal common variants that promote resilience to LOAD. Replication of resilience scores was undertaken in eight independent studies. We successfully replicated two polygenic resilience scores that reduce genetic risk penetrance for LOAD. We also showed that polygenic resilience scores positively correlate with polygenic risk scores in unaffected individuals, perhaps aiding in staving off disease. Our findings align with the hypothesis that a combination of risk-independent common variants mediates resilience to LOAD by moderating genetic disease risk.
Professionalism in dentistry: deconstructing common terminology
Authors: Trathen Andrew , Scambler Sasha , Gallagher Jennifer E. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
There is a social expectation that dentists demonstrate professionalism. Although the General Dental Council puts it at the heart of their regulatory agenda, there is not yet consensus on the meaning and implications of the term.

Objective
To explore practising dentists’ understanding of the character traits commonly associated with professionalism and what these mean in practice.

Method
Constructivist grounded theory was employed throughout this study. Qualitative, in-depth interviews were conducted with dental professionals in England recruited through theoretical sampling to saturation point. Interviews used a topic guide informed by the literature, and analysis was conducted through constant comparison during data collection.

Results
The study found that traits commonly associated with professionalism in the literature were difficult for dentists to define clearly or operationalise in a clinical setting. There was disagreement over how some traits should be understood, and it was unclear to participants how, or indeed if, the listed traits were directly relevant to practice in their current form.

Conclusion
Rather than expecting unconditional adherence to an externally imposed definition, further exploration is required to understand how health professionals make sense of professionalism by reference to their lived experiences and worldviews.

In Brief

Institutional expectations of professionalism, defined through character traits and behaviours, do not appear to map neatly on to the experiences of dental professionals.

Straightforward, apparently uncontroversial terms elicited a wide range of responses, including disagreement. This brought in to question whether achieving consensus is possible.

Analysing how our respondents understood the terms by reference to the meanings they constructed from lived experience offers deeper insights.
UFL1 promotes antiviral immune response by maintaining STING stability independent of UFMylation
Authors: Tao Yijie , Yin Shulei , Liu Yang , Li Chunzhen , Chen Yining , Han Dan , Huang Jingyi , Xu Sheng , Zou Zui , Yu Yizhi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe precise regulation of STING homeostasis is essential for its antiviral function. Post-translational modification, especially ubiquitination, is important for the regulation of STING homeostasis. Previous studies have focused on how STING is degraded, but little is known about its maintenance. Here, we show that UFM1 specific ligase UFL1 promotes innate immune response by maintaining STING expression independent of UFMylation. Mechanistically, UFL1 inhibits TRIM29 to interact with STING, thereby reducing its ubiquitination at K338/K347/K370 and subsequent proteasomal degradation. DNA virus infection reduces the UFL1 expression, which may promote STING degradation and facilitate viral expansion. Our study identifies UFL1 as a crucial regulator for the maintenance of STING stability and antiviral function, and provides novel insights into the mechanistic explanation for the immunological escape of DNA virus.
Endothelial Caspase-8 prevents fatal necroptotic hemorrhage caused by commensal bacteria
Authors: Bader Stefanie M. , Preston Simon P. , Saliba Katie , Lipszyc Adam , Grant Zoe L. , Mackiewicz Liana , Baldi Andrew , Hempel Anne , Clark Michelle P. , Peiris Thanushi , Clow William , Bjelic Jan , Stutz Michael D. , Arandjelovic Philip , Teale Jack , Du Fashuo , Coultas Leigh , Murphy James M. , Allison Cody C. , Pellegrini Marc , Samson Andre L. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCaspase-8 transduces signals from death receptor ligands, such as tumor necrosis factor, to drive potent responses including inflammation, cell proliferation or cell death. This is a developmentally essential function because in utero deletion of endothelial Caspase-8 causes systemic circulatory collapse during embryogenesis. Whether endothelial Caspase-8 is also required for cardiovascular patency during adulthood was unknown. To address this question, we used an inducible Cre recombinase system to delete endothelial Casp8 in 6-week-old conditionally gene-targeted mice. Extensive whole body vascular gene targeting was confirmed, yet the dominant phenotype was fatal hemorrhagic lesions exclusively within the small intestine. The emergence of these intestinal lesions was not a maladaptive immune response to endothelial Caspase-8-deficiency, but instead relied upon aberrant Toll-like receptor sensing of microbial commensals and tumor necrosis factor receptor signaling. This lethal phenotype was prevented in compound mutant mice that lacked the necroptotic cell death effector, MLKL. Thus, distinct from its systemic role during embryogenesis, our data show that dysregulated microbial- and death receptor-signaling uniquely culminate in the adult mouse small intestine to unleash MLKL-dependent necroptotic hemorrhage after loss of endothelial Caspase-8. These data support a critical role for Caspase-8 in preserving gut vascular integrity in the face of microbial commensals.
Innovative multidimensional models in a high-throughput-format for different cell types of endocrine origin
Authors: Bornstein Stefan , Shapiro Igor , Malyukov Maria , Züllig Richard , Luca Edlira , Gelfgat Evgeny , Beuschlein Felix , Nölting Svenja , Berruti Alfredo , Sigala Sandra , Peitzsch Mirko , Steenblock Charlotte , Ludwig Barbara , Kugelmeier Patrick , Hantel Constanze 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe adrenal gland provides an important function by integrating neuronal, immune, vascular, metabolic and endocrine signals under a common organ capsule. It is the central organ of the stress response system and has been implicated in numerous stress-related disorders. While for other diseases, regeneration of healthy organ tissue has been aimed at such approaches are lacking for endocrine diseases - with the exception of type-I-diabetes. Moreover, adrenal tumor formation is very common, however, appropriate high-throughput applications reflecting the high heterogeneity and furthermore relevant 3D-structures in vitro are still widely lacking. Recently, we have initiated the development of standardized multidimensional models of a variety of endocrine cell/tissue sources in a new multiwell-format. Firstly, we confirmed common applicability for pancreatic pseudo-islets. Next, we translated applicability for spheroid establishment to adrenocortical cell lines as well as patient material to establish spheroids from malignant, but also benign adrenal tumors. We aimed furthermore at the development of bovine derived healthy adrenal organoids and were able to establish steroidogenic active organoids containing both, cells of cortical and medullary origin. Overall, we hope to open new avenues for basic research, endocrine cancer and adrenal tissue-replacement-therapies as we demonstrate potential for innovative mechanistic insights and personalized medicine in endocrine (tumor)-biology.
UPF1/circRPPH1/ATF3 feedback loop promotes the malignant phenotype and stemness of GSCs
Authors: Xu Jinkun , Zhang Guoqing , Hu Jinpeng , Li Hao , Zhao Junshuang , Zong Shengliang , Guo Zhengting , Jiang Yang , Jing Zhitao 
Published: July 2022

AbstractGlioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most lethal type of craniocerebral gliomas. Glioma stem cells (GSCs) are fundamental reasons for the malignancy and recurrence of GBM. Revealing the critical mechanism within GSCs’ self-renewal ability is essential. Our study found a novel circular RNA (circRPPH1) that was up-regulated in GSCs and correlated with poor survival. The effect of circRPPH1 on the malignant phenotype and self-renewal of GSCs was detected in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, UPF1 can bind to circRPPH1 and maintain its stability. Therefore, more existing circRPPH1 can interact with transcription factor ATF3 to further transcribe UPF1 and Nestin expression. It formed a feedback loop to keep a stable stream for stemness biomarker Nestin to strengthen tumorigenesis of GSCs continually. Besides, ATF3 can activate the TGF-β signaling to drive GSCs for tumorigenesis. Knocking down the expression of circRPPH1 significantly inhibited the proliferation and clonogenicity of GSCs both in vitro and in vivo. The overexpression of circRPPH1 enhanced the self-renewal of GSCs. Our findings suggest that UPF1/circRPPH1/ATF3 maintains the potential self-renewal of GSCs through interacting with RNA-binding protein and activating the TGF-β signal pathway. Breaking the feedback loop against self-renewing GSCs may represent a novel therapeutic target in GBM treatment.
Exosomal circPABPC1 promotes colorectal cancer liver metastases by regulating HMGA2 in the nucleus and BMP4/ADAM19 in the cytoplasm
Authors: Li Yang , Hu Jialei , Wang Meng , Yuan Yihang , Zhou Fangyuan , Zhao Haosen , Qiu Tianming , Liang Leilei 
Published: July 2022

AbstractLiver metastasis is the leading cause of death in colorectal carcinoma (CRC). However, little is known about the mechanisms of transferring effector messages between the primary tumor and the site of metastasis. Exosomes provide a novel transfer message method, and exosomal circular RNAs (circRNAs) play critical regulatory roles in cancer biology. In this study, the results showed that the expression of circPABPC1 was aberrantly upregulated in CRC tissues and exosomes. Exosomal circPABPC1 was considered an oncogene by functional experimental analysis in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, circPABPC1 recruited KDM4C to the HMGA2 promoter, reduced its H3K9me3 modification and initiated the transcription process in the nucleus. Moreover, cytoplasmic circPABPC1 promoted CRC progression by protecting ADAM19 and BMP4 from miR-874-/miR-1292-mediated degradation. Our findings indicated that exosomal circPABPC1 is an essential regulator in CRC liver metastasis progression by promoting HMGA2 and BMP4/ADAM19 expression. CircPABPC1 is expected to be a novel biomarker and antimetastatic therapeutic target in CRC.
Landscape of somatic alterations in large-scale solid tumors from an Asian population
Authors: Wu Liqun , Yao Herui , Chen Hui , Wang Aodi , Guo Kun , Gou Wenli , Yu Yanfei , Li Xiang , Yao Ming , Yuan Shaohua , Pang Fei , Hu Jinwei , Chen Lijuan , Liu Wenjin , Yao Jicheng , Zhang Shuirong , Dong Xiaowei , Wang Weifeng , Hu Jing , Ling Qi , Ding Songming , Wei Yan , Li Qiang , Cao Weichun , Wang Shuang , Di Yang , Feng Feiling , Zhao Gang , Zhang Jian , Huang Ling , Xu Jia , Yan Wangjun , Tong Zhongsheng , Jiang Da , Ji Tao , Li Qiao , Xu Ling , He Huiying , Shang Liang , Liu Jin , Wang Kefeng , Wu Duoguang , Shen Jingnan , Liu Ye , Zhang Ting , Liang Chaojie , Wang Yusheng , Shang Yanhong , Guo Jianji , Liang Guanbiao , Xu Shifeng , Liu Junfeng , Wang Kai , Wang Minghui 
Published: July 2022

AbstractExtending the benefits of tumor molecular profiling for all cancer patients requires a comprehensive analysis of tumor genomes across distinct patient populations worldwide. In this study, we perform deep next-generation DNA sequencing (NGS) from tumor tissues and matched blood specimens from over 10,000 patients in China by using a 450-gene comprehensive assay, developed and implemented under international clinical regulations. We perform a comprehensive comparison of somatically altered genes, the distribution of tumor mutational burden (TMB), gene fusion patterns, and the spectrum of various somatic alterations between Chinese and American patient populations. Here, we show 64% of cancers from Chinese patients in this study have clinically actionable genomic alterations, which may affect clinical decisions related to targeted therapy or immunotherapy. These findings describe the similarities and differences between tumors from Chinese and American patients, providing valuable information for personalized medicine.