bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Eleven-Membered Cyclic Urea Fused Quinazolinones
Authors: Kaeobamrung Juthanat , Saebang Yotsakorn , Rukachaisirikul Vatcharin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractStraightforward synthesis of quinazolinones having N-fused medium-sized ring urea was accomplished. Key intermediates were tert-butyl {2-[4-oxo-2-(4-oxopentyl)quinazolin-3(4H)-yl]ethyl}carbamates derived from copper-catalyzed domino reaction of tert-butyl [2-(2-iodobenzamido)ethyl]carbamates and cyclic enaminones. Steric hindrance of cyclic enaminones played an important role in the formation of quinazolinone ring. The eleven-membered ring urea moiety was readily achieved by direct cyclization using 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) of diamino intermediate generated by readily reductive amination and deprotection of tert-butyl {2-[4-oxo-2-(4-oxopentyl)quinazolin-3(4H)-yl]ethyl}carbamates.
Total Syntheses of Spirooliganones A and B
Authors: Morita Masao , Nemoto Nobuaki , Ohmori Ken 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper describes the total syntheses of spirooliganones A and B, which provides control over the stereochemistry of the spiro center via a cascade reaction involving the in situ formation of an o-quinone methide and a hetero-Diels–Alder reaction.
Unsuspecting Lead Points Causing Nonobstructing Intussusceptions in Pediatric Patients Presenting with Chronic Pain Abdomen
Authors: Jain Garima , Royal Nirmala , Sharma Pramila , Bhandari Anu , Mendiratta Kuldeep 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntussusception is one of the common causes of bowel obstruction in pediatric age group and is of idiopathic variety in most of the cases. Nonobstructing intussusception presenting with nonspecific symptoms (or chronic pain abdomen) is rare and usually clinically misdiagnosed/difficult to diagnose. The authors present a pictorial review of 10 cases of pediatric nonobstructing intussusception presenting with acute/chronic abdominal pain which were not suspected clinically but diagnosed with a pathologic lead point radiologically.
New International Formulation for the Thermal Conductivity of Heavy Water
Authors: Huber M. L. , Perkins R. A. , Assael M. J. , Monogenidou S. A. , Hellmann R. , Sengers J. V. 
Published: March 2022

The International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam has adopted new formulations for the thermodynamic and transport properties of heavy water. This manuscript describes the development of a formulation for the thermal conductivity of heavy water that was adopted as an international standard in 2021. It is consistent with the equation of state adopted in 2017, revised slightly in 2018, and is valid for fluid states up to 825 K and 250 MPa with uncertainties ranging from 1.5% to 6% depending on the state point. Comparisons with experimental data and with an earlier thermal-conductivity formulation are presented. The 2021 formulation accounts for the critical enhancement of the thermal conductivity, which was not incorporated in the previous formulation. Furthermore, in the zero-density limit, the 2021 formulation is based on thermal conductivity values at temperatures from 250 to 2500 K obtained from the kinetic theory of polyatomic gases. In addition, the 2021 formulation is applicable in a larger range of pressures than the previous formulation.
Developmental and evolutionary constraints on olfactory circuit selection
Authors: Hiratani Naoki , Latham Peter E. 
Published: March 2022

Significance
In this work, we explore the hypothesis that biological neural networks optimize their architecture, through evolution, for learning. We study early olfactory circuits of mammals and insects, which have relatively similar structure but a huge diversity in size. We approximate these circuits as three-layer networks and estimate, analytically, the scaling of the optimal hidden-layer size with input-layer size. We find that both longevity and information in the genome constrain the hidden-layer size, so a range of allometric scalings is possible. However, the experimentally observed allometric scalings in mammals and insects are consistent with biologically plausible values. This analysis should pave the way for a deeper understanding of both biological and artificial networks.
Microglia regulate chandelier cell axo-axonic synaptogenesis
Authors: Gallo Nicholas B. , Berisha Artan , Van Aelst Linda 
Published: March 2022

Significance
Chandelier cells (ChCs) are a unique type of GABAergic interneuron that form axo-axonic synapses exclusively on the axon initial segment (AIS) of neocortical pyramidal neurons (PyNs), allowing them to exert powerful yet precise control over PyN firing and population output. The importance of proper ChC function is further underscored by the association of ChC connectivity defects with various neurological conditions. Despite this, the cellular mechanisms governing ChC axo-axonic synapse formation remain poorly understood. Here, we identify microglia as key regulators of ChC axonal morphogenesis and AIS synaptogenesis, and show that disease-induced aberrant microglial activation perturbs proper ChC synaptic development/connectivity in the neocortex. In doing so, such findings highlight the therapeutic potential of manipulating microglia to ensure proper brain wiring.
Bisphenol A replacement chemicals, BPF and BPS, induce protumorigenic changes in human mammary gland organoid morphology and proteome
Authors: Winkler Juliane , Liu Pengyuan , Phong Kiet , Hinrichs Johanna H. , Ataii Nassim , Williams Katherine , Hadler-Olsen Elin , Samson Susan , Gartner Zev J. , Fisher Susan , Werb Zena 
Published: March 2022

Significance
Bisphenol A (BPA), found in many plastic products, has weak estrogenic effects that can be harmful to human health. Thus, structurally related replacements—bisphenol S (BPS) and bisphenol F (BPF)—are coming into wider use with very few data about their biological activities. Here, we compared the effects of BPA, BPS, and BPF on human mammary organoids established from normal breast tissue. BPS disrupted organoid architecture and induced supernumerary branching. At a proteomic level, the bisphenols altered the abundance of common targets and those that were unique to each compound. The latter included proteins linked to tumor-promoting processes. These data highlighted the importance of testing the human health effects of replacements that are structurally related to chemicals of concern.
Bilateral comparison of 1 Ω and 10 kΩ standards (ongoing BIPM key comparisons BIPM.EM-K13.a and 13.b) between the INMETRO (Brazil) and the BIPM.
Authors: Rolland B , Stock M , Gournay P , Oliveira V Coutinho de , Carvalho H R , Landim R P 
Published: March 2022

Main text
This report gives the result of a bilateral comparison of resistance between the INMETRO (Brazil) and the BIPM carried out from November 2020 to September 2021. Two 1 Ω and two 10 kΩ travelling standards belonging to the BIPM were used. The comparison was carried out with an 'A-B-A' pattern of measurements; the standards were measured first at the BIPM for a period of about one month, then for a period of about two months at the INMETRO, and finally again at the BIPM. The measurand was the 4 terminal dc resistance at low power. The BIPM was the pilot laboratory, and the comparison forms part of the ongoing BIPM key comparisons BIPM.EM-K13.a (for 1 Ω) and BIPM.EM-K13b (for 10 kΩ).
The results from the INMETRO and the BIPM were found to be in good agreement, with a difference D smaller than the relative expanded uncertainty Uc (95% confidence, k = 2) giving D = 0.010 × 10-6, Uc = 0.068 x 10-6 for 1 Ω and D = 0.026 x 10-6, Uc = 0.036 x 10-6 for 10 kΩ.
To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCEM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Measurement of short gauge blocks by interferometry
Authors: Prieto Emilio , Rodriguez Joaquin , Bartl Guido , Pirée Hugo , Meli Felix , Picotto Gian Bartolo , Franco Mauro , Balling Petr 
Published: March 2022

Main text
This comparison piloted by CEM (ES), started in Nov 19 and concluded with some delay in February 21. Participants were CEM, PTB, SMD, METAS, INRIM and CMI.
Two sets of eight gauge blocks in both steel and ceramic were circulated, covering the range 1.5 mm to 100 mm. The gauge blocks were of rectangular cross section and comply with the calibration grade K of ISO 3650 standard.
Main measurand to be reported was the deviation ec of the central length lc from the nominal length ln of the gauge block. The arithmetic mean of the two values for wringing on both faces was considered as representative for ec In cases where only one face was wrung the corresponding value was reported as the result. As an auxiliary measurand the difference of the found deviations dc when the block was wrung to face A and face B, respectively, was reported.
The uncertainty of measurement was evaluated according to the ISO Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement. For efficient evaluation and subsequent assessment of CMC claims an uncertainty statement in the functional form was preferred.
The key comparison reference value (KCRV) was calculated on a gauge-per-gauge basis as the weighted mean of the participants' results. The check for consistency of the comparison results with their associated uncertainties was based on Birge ratio and the degrees of equivalence for each laboratory and gauge block with respect to the KCRV were evaluated by using En values, in line with the WG-MRA-KC-report-template.
Looking at the principal measurand, the central length ec, there were in total 11 values out of 96 not compatible with the final reference values, this representing the 11.4 % of the full set of results, considering both materials. With respect to the difference in central length from wringing in faces A and B, dc, there were in total 6 values not compatible with the reference value, this representing a 6.5 % of the 92 values communicated.
To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCL, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Key comparison BIPM.RI(I)-K3 of the air-kerma standards of the KRISS, Republic of Korea, and the BIPM in medium-energy x-rays
Authors: Burns D T , Kessler C , Yi Chul-Young , Kim Yun Ho 
Published: March 2022

Main text
A key comparison has been made between the air-kerma standards of the KRISS, Republic of Korea, and the BIPM in the medium-energy x-ray range. The results show the standards to be in agreement at the limit of the expanded uncertainty of the comparison of 4.4 parts in 103. The results are analysed and presented in terms of degrees of equivalence, suitable for entry in the BIPM key comparison database.
To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Cathodoluminescence and EBIC investigations of stacking fault expansion in 4H-SiC due to e-beam irradiation at fixed points
Authors: Yakimov E E , Yakimov E B 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The effect of e-beam irradiation in the local and scan modes on the stacking fault expansion in 4H-SiC has been studied. It is shown that the distance, at which the e-beam affects the glide of partial dislocations driving the stacking fault expansion, does not exceed 10–12 μm. The dislocations were found to glide as straight lines with a velocity independent of their length, even when this length essentially exceeds the size of excitation volume. The irradiation at fixed points allows to separate the excess carrier effects on the kink formation and kink migration. The results obtained were explained under an assumption that the irradiation is necessary only to stimulate the kink pair formation and then the kinks can migrate without any excitation. That could mean that the barrier for the kink migration along Si-core 30° partial dislocations in 4H-SiC is very small.
Estimation of plasma properties using an extended Kalman filter with plasma global models
Authors: Greve C M , Hara K 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A physically-constrained extended Kalman filter (EKF) is applied to various zero-dimensional global models for the estimation of plasma properties using time-dependent experimental data such as the plasma density or ion flux. The capability of the EKF is demonstrated to estimate unknown system states simultaneously, such as reaction rate coefficients and the absorbed electron input power, which can be difficult, if not impossible, to measure experimentally. Global models accounting for pure argon reactions and argon-oxygen reactions are used in this work to demonstrate the ability of the filter to estimate dynamic and complex systems. The results obtained from the EKF plasma global model illustrate that model-data fusion techniques can be used to estimate plasma properties and processes for time-varying systems, such as pulsed discharges.
Quantifying the interpolation uncertainty of radiosonde humidity profiles
Authors: Colombo Pietro , Fassò Alessandro 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The global climate observing system Reference Upper Air Network (GRUAN) provides reference measurements of the essential climate variables and their measurement uncertainty. An important aspect of the measurement uncertainty is the interpolation uncertainty. This problem arises, for example, when GRUAN processes atmospheric profiles collected by Vaisala RS41 radiosondes. For various reasons, the radiosonde sensor may fail to collect some values along the vertical profile in the atmosphere. As a consequence, estimation techniques to fill the data gaps and to provide an evaluation of the related interpolation uncertainty are welcome. This paper aims to understand and quantify the interpolation uncertainty of the relative humidity (RH). In particular, we consider linear and Gaussian process interpolation either unidimensional or multidimensional. We provide results in terms of interpolation distance in seconds, which measures the distance of an interpolated data from the interpolating data. We also consider measurement altitude and launch site. Although the Gaussian interpolation results to be generally better than linear interpolation, the difference in uncertainty is relatively small. The average column uncertainty difference is in the order of 0.2% and for large data gaps around 0.4%. The interpolation uncertainty is larger in the lower atmosphere. For example at 2–4 km altitude, the uncertainty is around 2% at 10 s distance, around 5% at 40 s and 10% at 90 s. In the upper atmosphere, RH and its uncertainty decrease. For example, at 14–16 km altitude, the latter is smaller than 2% RH at all interpolation distances.
Enhancing the incorporation of Sn in vapor–liquid–solid GeSn nanowires by modulation of the droplet composition
Authors: Zeghouane Mohammed , Hijazi Hadi , Bassani Franck , Lefevre Gauthier , Martinez Eugenie , Luciani Thierry , Gentile Pascal , Dubrovskii Vladimir G , Salem Bassem 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We report on the influence of the liquid droplet composition on the Sn incorporation in GeSn nanowires (NWs) grown by the vapor−liquid−solid (VLS) mechanism with different catalysts. The variation of the NW growth rate and morphology with the growth temperature is investigated and 400 °C is identified as the best temperature to grow the longest untapered NWs with a growth rate of 520 nm min−1. When GeSn NWs are grown with pure Au droplets, we observe a core–shell like structure with a low Sn concentration of less than 2% in the NW core regardless of the growth temperature. We then investigate the impact of adding different fractions of Ag, Al, Ga and Si to Au catalyst on the incorporation of Sn. A significant improvement of Sn incorporation up to 9% is obtained using 75:25 Au–Al catalyst, with a high degree of spatial homogeneity across the NW volume. Thermodynamic model based on the energy minimization at the solid–liquid interface is developed, showing a good correlation with the data. These results can be useful for obtaining technologically important GeSn material with a high Sn content and, more generally, for tuning the composition of VLS NWs in other material systems.
Building core–shell FeSe2@C anode electrode for delivering superior potassium-ion batteries
Authors: Liu Lingli , Yu Lei , Hu Lei , Meng Xianghe , Liang Sheng , Ge Jinlong , Wu Yun , Deng Chonghai 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Inferior electrical conductivity and large volume variation are two disadvantages of metal selenides. In this work, we have designed a core–shell structure of FeSe2@C composite with low cost using facile hydrothermal method. The FeSe2 particles as the ‘core’ and the carbon layer as the ‘shell’ displayed good synergistic effect that attributed to alleviate volume expansion of electrode and improving the electrical conductivity, which achieved the fast potassium storage. The core–shell structural FeSe2@C electrode achieved 286 mA h g−1 at 1 A g−1 over 1000 cycles with 99.8% coulombic efficiency and delivered excellent rate capacity with 273 mA h g−1 at 2 A g−1, which was ascribed to dispersed FeSe2 particles and the strong carbon shell coating. This work will provide the basis for the further development of the application of metal selenides in the field of flexible electrodes.
Control one-dimensional length of rectangular pore on graphene membrane for better desalination performance
Authors: Chen Shenghui , Ding Jiaqi , Li Quanjiang , He Di , Liu Yanli , Wang Li , Lyu Qiang , Wang Meishan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
At present, there is a general contradiction between permeability and selectivity of reverse osmosis (RO) membranes for desalination; a membrane with higher water permeability will give a lower salt rejection or selectivity, and vice versa. In this work, single-layer nanoporous graphene is used as RO membrane to investigate the effects of pore shape to reduce this contradiction by molecular dynamics simulations. Two kinds of pores (round and rectangular pores) with different sizes are simulated. For round pore, although the water permeability increases with the increase of the pore size, the salt rejection rate drops rapidly. For rectangular pore, reasonable designed pore structure can achieve improved water permeability and high salt rejection of graphene membrane by keeping one-dimensional length (i.e. the width) of the pore less than the size of the hydrated ions and increasing the other dimensional length. The restriction of one dimension can prevent the passage of hydrated ions through the pore effectively. This ‘one-dimensional restriction’ provides a simple strategy for designing RO membrane with variable pore structures to obtain a better desalination performance.
Model-based machine learning for the recovery of lateral dose profiles of small photon fields in magnetic field
Authors: Looe Hui Khee , Blum Isabel , Schönfeld Ann-Britt , Tekin Tuba , Delfs Björn , Poppe Björn 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objective. To investigate the feasibility to train artificial neural networks (NN) to recover lateral dose profiles from detector measurements in a magnetic field. Approach. A novel framework based on a mathematical convolution model has been proposed to generate measurement-less training dataset. 2D dose deposition kernels and detector lateral fluence response functions of two air-filled ionization chambers and two diode-type detectors have been simulated without magnetic field and for magnetic field B = 0.35 and 1.5 T. Using these convolution kernels, training dataset consisting pairs of dose profiles

D

x
,
y

and signal profiles

M

x
,
y

were computed for a total of 108 2D photon fluence profiles

ψ

(
x
,
y
)

(80% training/20% validation). The NN were tested using three independent datasets, where the second test dataset has been obtained from simulations using realistic phase space files of clinical linear accelerator and the third test dataset was measured at a conventional linac equipped with electromagnets. Main results. The convolution kernels show magnetic field dependence due to the influence of the Lorentz force on the electron transport in the water phantom and detectors. The NN show good performance during training and validation with mean square error reaching a value of 1e-6 or smaller. The corresponding correlation coefficients R reached the value of 1 for all models indicating an excellent agreement between expected

D

x
,
y

and predicted

D

pred

x
,
y

.

The comparisons between

D

x
,
y

and

D

pred

x
,
y

using the three test datasets resulted in gamma indices (1 mm/1% global) <1 for all evaluated data points. Significance. Two verification approaches have been proposed to warrant the mathematical consistencies of the NN outputs. Besides offering a correction strategy not existed so far for relative dosimetry in a magnetic field, this work could help to raise awareness and to improve understanding on the distortion of detector’s signal profiles by a magnetic field.
Phase and group velocities for shear wave propagation in an incompressible, hyperelastic material with uniaxial stretch
Authors: Rouze Ned C , Caenen Annette , Nightingale Kathryn R 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objective. Determining elastic properties of materials from observations of shear wave propagation is difficult in anisotropic materials because of the complex relations among the propagation direction, shear wave polarizations, and material symmetries. In this study, we derive expressions for the phase velocities of the SH and SV propagation modes as a function of propagation direction in an incompressible, hyperelastic material with uniaxial stretch. Approach. Wave motion is included in the material model by adding incremental, small amplitude motion to the initial, finite deformation. Equations of motion for the SH and SV propagation modes are constructed using the Cauchy stress tensor derived from the strain energy function of the material. Group velocities for the SH and SV propagation modes are derived from the angle-dependent phase velocities. Main results. Sample results are presented for the Arruda–Boyce, Mooney–Rivlin, and Isihara material models using model parameters previously determined in a phantom. Significance. Results for the Mooney–Rivlin and Isihara models demonstrate shear splitting in which the SH and SV propagation modes have unequal group velocities for propagation across the material symmetry axis. In addition, for sufficiently large stretch, the Arruda–Boyce and Isihara material models show cusp structures with triple-valued group velocities for the SV mode at angles of roughly 15° to the material symmetry axis.