bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can surgical skills be taught using technological advances online? A comparative study of online and face-to-face surgical skills training
Authors: Fehervari Matyas , Das Bibek , Soleimani-Nouri Payam , Ahmad Manal , Fadel Michael G. , Deputy Mohammed , Morgan Catrin , Burke Joshua R. , Mason John D. , Nott David , Spalding Duncan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Online teaching has rapidly emerged as a viable alternative to traditional face-to-face education. How to teach surgical skills in the online environment, however, has not yet been fully established nor evaluated.

Methods
An international 1-day online surgical skills course consisting of lectures, pre-recorded virtual workshops, live demonstrations and along with surgical skills teaching in breakout rooms was organised. Based on existing learning theories, new methods were developed to deliver skills teaching online. Simultaneously, traditional in-person surgical skills teaching was also conducted and used as a benchmark. Skills development was assessed by trained demonstrators and self-reported competency scores were compared between the online and face-to-face event.

Results
553 delegates from 20 different countries attended the online course. Of these, 64 were trained in breakout rooms with a 1:5 demonstrator-to-delegate ratio whilst the remaining 489 delegates participated in didactic skills development sessions. In a separate face-to-face course, 20 delegates were trained with traditional methods. Demonstrators rated the competency of delegates for suturing, tendon repair and vascular anastomosis. There was no significant difference in the competency ratings of delegates receiving online teaching or face-to-face teaching (p = 0.253, p = 0.084, p = 1.00, respectively). The development of the same skills to “articulation” were not different between formats (p = 0.841, p = 0.792, p = 1.00, respectively). Post course self-rated competency scores improved for all technical skills (p < 0.001). Small group sessions, both online and face-to-face, received higher satisfaction ratings compared to large group sessions in terms of clarity of instructions, answers to questions and demonstrator feedback. Overall feedback on teaching quality, however, was equivalent across both groups.

Discussion
Online teaching of surgical skills for early training years is an appropriate alternative to face-to-face teaching.
Immunoglobulin substitution in patients with secondary antibody deficiency in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and multiple myeloma: a representative analysis of guideline adherence and infections
Authors: Link Hartmut , Kerkmann Markus , Holtmann Laura ,   for the Working Groups Supportive Care (AGSMO),   Medical Oncology (AIO) of the German Cancer Society (DKG)
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Introduction
In secondary immunodeficiency, immunoglobulin replacement therapy (IgRT) is recommended by guidelines (GL) for patients with IgG level < 4 g/l and more than 3 infections or a severe infection. IgRT may be appropriate if IgG level < 4 g/l and/or 1–3 less severe infections (≤ grade 2).

Methods
This was a retrospective sample analysis representative for practices and hospitals in Germany. The treatments and infection data were collected from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and multiple myeloma (MM). GL adherence (GLAD) was analyzed.

Results
Data from 1086 patients (CLL 490, MM 596) were collected from 86 centers. Of all patients, 34.8% developed IgG deficiency during therapy (CLL 35.5%; MM 34.2%). IgRT was given in 23.5% of CLL and 14.4% of MM patients. GLAD in hypogammaglobulinemia and indication to IgRT was 23.3% of 86 CLL and 22.1% of 77 MM patients. Without GLAD, the hazard ratio (HR) for any infection was 4.49 (95% CI 3.72–5.42; p < 0.001) and for severe infections (grade ≥ 3) 10.64 (95% CI 7.54–15.00; p < 0.001). Significant independent risk factors for infections were a higher Charlson Comorbidity Index, IgG deficiency, and 3rd + line treatment, as well as therapy with BTK inhibitors or chemotherapy in CLL. Multivariable analysis showed a significantly lower risk of severe infections after start of IgRT with a HR of 0.47 (95% CI 0.28–0.77; p = 0.003).

Conclusions
Guideline adherence correlated with fewer and less severe infections but was low in patients with indication to IgRT. Risk factors for infection can be identified. Risk of severe infections was significantly lower in patients with IgRT.
Reference modification for trajectory tracking using hybrid offline and online neural networks learning
Authors: Li Jiangang , Huang Youhua , Zhong Ganggang , Li Yanan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a hybrid offline/online neural networks learning method, which combines complementary advantages of two types of neural networks (NNs): deep NN (DNN) and single-layer radial basis function NN (RBFNN). Firstly, after analyzing the mechatronic system’s model, we select reasonable features as the input of the DNN to learn the inverse dynamic characteristics of the closed-loop system offline, so as to establish the mapping between the desired trajectory and the reference trajectory of the system. The trained DNN is used to generate a new reference trajectory and compensate for the tracking error in advance, which can speed up the convergence of online learning control based on RBFNN. This reference trajectory is further modified iteratively when the tracking task is repeated. For this purpose, a single-layer RBFNN model is established, and an online learning algorithm is developed to update the RBFNN parameters. The proposed hybrid offline/online NN method can improve the tracking performance of mechatronic systems by modifying the reference trajectory on top of the baseline controller without affecting the system stability. To verify the effectiveness of this method, we conduct experiments on a piezoelectric drive platform.
Setting the Free Material Design problem through the methods of optimal mass distribution
Authors: Bołbotowski Karol , Lewiński Tomasz 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe paper deals with the Free Material Design$${(\text {FMD})}$$(FMD)problem aimed at constructing the least compliant structures from an elastic material, the constitutive field of which plays the role of design variable in the form of a tensor valued measure$$\lambda $$λsupported in the design domain. Point-wise the constitutive tensor is referred to a given anisotropy class$$\mathscr {H}$$H, while the integral of a cost$$c(\lambda )$$c(λ)is bounded from above. The convexp-homogeneous elastic potentialjis parameterized by the constitutive tensor. The work puts forward the existence result and shows that the original problem can be reduced to the Linear Constrained Problem$$(\mathrm {LCP})$$(LCP)known from the theory of optimal mass distribution by G. Bouchitté and G. Buttazzo. A theorem linking solutions of$${(\text {FMD})}$$(FMD)and$$(\mathrm {LCP})$$(LCP)allows to effectively solve the original problem. The developed theory encompasses several optimal anisotropy design problems known in the literature as well as it unlocks new ones. By employing the derived optimality conditions we give several analytical examples of optimal designs.
Identification of the geometric design parameters of propeller blades from 3D scanning
Authors: Njaastad Eirik B. , Steen Sverre , Egeland Olav 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a new method for the identification of geometric design parameters of ISO 484 class propeller blades from scanned point cloud data. The method can be used for tolerance inspection and in-line measurement of manufactured blades, and for wear assessment and reverse engineering of propellers in service. The geometry of the propeller blades is specified by a set of blade sections stacked radially on concentric cylindrical surfaces. For each of these sections, the chord line and mean camber line is determined, and geometric design parameters such as the pitch, skew, chord length, camber, and thickness distributions are identified. The proposed method is a complete procedure for identifying the design parameters of marine propeller blades from point cloud data, and includes a novel method for the precise identification of the mean camber line based on Voronoi diagrams and Delaunay triangulation. The paper includes validation of the proposed method in experiments where reverse engineering is applied to a propeller blade of the KVLCC2 propeller, and in 3D scanning of a large, high-skew thruster blade where the results were compared to CMM measurements.
Accuracy of the clinical diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) among the Italian Dementia Centers: a study by the Italian DLB study group (DLB-SINdem)
Authors: Russo Mirella , Carrarini Claudia , Di Iorio Angelo , Pellegrino Raffaello , Bruni Amalia Cecilia , Caratozzolo Salvatore , Chiari Annalisa , Pretta Stefano , Marra Camillo , Cotelli Maria Sofia , Arighi Andrea , Fumagalli Giorgio G. , Cataruzza Tatiana , Caso Francesca , Paci Cristina , Rosso Mara , Amici Serena , Giannandrea David , Pilotto Andrea , Luzzi Simona , Castellano Annalisa , D’antonio Fabrizia , Luca Antonina , Gelosa Giorgio , Piccoli Tommaso , Mauri Marco , Agosta Federica , Babiloni Claudio , Borroni Barbara , Bozzali Marco , Filippi Massimo , Galimberti Daniela , Monastero Roberto , Muscio Cristina , Parnetti Lucilla , Perani Daniela , Serra Laura , Silani Vincenzo , Tiraboschi Pietro , Cagnin Annachiara , Padovani Alessandro , Bonanni Laura ,   on Behalf of the Italian Dementia with Lewy bodies Study Group (DLB-SINdem), Roberta Baschi , Federica Fragiacomo , Sebastiano Galantucci , Caterina Gaspari , Gianmarco Gazzola , Giuseppe Magnani , Giulia Mazzon , Stefano Mozzetta , Carmela Ravanelli , Marco Ruggiero , Pierpaolo Salute , Giuseppe Scamarcia Pietro , Marinella Turla , Federico Verde , Antonietta Volontè Maria 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) may represent a diagnostic challenge, since its clinical picture overlaps with other dementia. Two toolkits have been developed to aid the clinician to diagnose DLB: the Lewy Body Composite Risk Score (LBCRS) and the Assessment Toolkit for DLB (AT-DLB). We aim to evaluate the reliability of these two questionnaires, and their ability to enhance the interpretation of the international consensus diagnostic criteria.

Methods
LBCRS and AT-DLB were distributed to 135 Italian Neurological Centers for Cognitive Decline and Dementia (CDCDs), with the indication to administer them to all patients with dementia referred within the subsequent 3 months. We asked to subsequently apply consensus criteria for DLB diagnosis, to validate the diagnostic accuracy of the two toolkits.

Results
A total of 23 Centers joined the study; 1854 patients were enrolled. We found a prevalence of possible or probable DLB of 13% each (26% total), according to the consensus criteria. LBCRS toolkit showed good reliability, with a Cronbach alpha of 0.77, stable even after removing variables from the construct. AT-DLB toolkit Cronbach alpha was 0.52 and, after the subtraction of the “cognitive fluctuation” criterion, was only 0.31. Accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were higher for LBCRS vs. AT-DLB. However, when simultaneously considered in the logistic models, AT-DLB showed a better performance (p < 0.001). Overall, the concordance between LBCRS positive and AT-DLB possible/probable was of 78.02%

Conclusions
In a clinical setting, the LBCRS and AT-DLB questionnaires have good accuracy for DLB diagnosis.
Perennial monocropping of khat decreased soil carbon and nitrogen relative to multistrata agroforestry and natural forest in southeastern Ethiopia
Authors: Negash Mesele , Kaseva Janne , Kahiluoto Helena 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Monocropping of perennial cash crops providing livelihood for smallholders is replacing native forest throughout the tropics, but there is no direct empirical evidence on the impact on soil organic carbon (SOC) and nitrogen (N) relative to multistrata-agroforestry-based cash cropping. In particular, the impact of the conversion of forests and multistrata-agroforestry-based cash cropping to a rapidly expanding perennial monocropping of khat (Catha edulis Forskal) is not known. We investigated the potential of cash cropping integrated in multistrata agroforestry to alleviate SOC and N loss from converted native forest, relative to cash monocropping. We assessed empirically SOC and N stocks in the 40-cm-deep soil surface layer of three matched adjacent plots of native forest, multistrata agroforestry, and perennial cash monocropping, within nine replicate groups of the three land uses. The fixed mass method was applied. The estimated rates of the annual SOC and N losses were 3.0 and 3.4 times greater, respectively, in areas converted to khat monocropping than in agroforestry systems producing both coffee (Coffea arabica) and khat. Additionally, the carbon and N contents in leaf litter and fine roots were greater in agroforestry than in khat. The results indicated that multistrata-agroforestry-based cash cropping maintains most of the SOC and N stocks of converted native forests lost in conversion to cash monocropping khat than in agroforestry-based cash cropping. This warrants economic incentives to prevent the loss of the current stocks, while enabling cash crop income by smallholders. Reducing forest SOC and N stock decline in agroforestry through system management deserves attention as well.
A multicenter, open-label, single-arm phase I trial of neoadjuvant nivolumab monotherapy for resectable gastric cancer
Authors: Hasegawa Hirotaka , Shitara Kohei , Takiguchi Shuji , Takiguchi Noriaki , Ito Seiji , Kochi Mitsugu , Horinouchi Hidehito , Kinoshita Takahiro , Yoshikawa Takaki , Muro Kei , Nishikawa Hiroyoshi , Suna Hideaki , Kodera Yasuhiro 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Nivolumab monotherapy has demonstrated superior efficacy in advanced unresectable gastric cancer (GC), but its impact on resectable GC remains unknown. This phase I study aimed to evaluate safety, feasibility, and potential biomarkers of neoadjuvant nivolumab monotherapy in resectable GC.

Methods
Untreated, resectable, cT2 or more advanced gastric adenocarcinomas with clinical stage I, II, or III were treated with two doses of nivolumab before gastrectomy. Patients were excluded if their tumors may be applicable to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The primary endpoint was the incidence of adverse event (AE) categories of special interest.

Results
All of the 31 enrolled patients completed 2 doses of nivolumab monotherapy. While 30 (97%) patients underwent surgery with curative intent, 1 patient discontinued before the planned surgical intervention because of a newly emerging liver metastasis. Seven patients (23%) had nivolumab treatment-related AEs, and one patient had a treatment-related AE of grade 3–4. The incidences of treatment-related AE categories of special interest ranged from 0 to 6%. Notable surgical complications included two cases of grade 3 anastomotic leakage and two cases of pancreatic fistula. The major pathologic response (MPR) assessed by the independent pathology review committee was achieved in five (16%) patients, of which one patient had a pathologic complete response. The MPR was mostly observed in patients with positive PD-L1 expression, high microsatellite instability, and/or high tumor mutation burden.

Conclusions
Neoadjuvant nivolumab monotherapy is feasible with an acceptable safety profile and induces a MPR in certain patients with resectable GC. (Registration: clinicaltrials.jp, JapicCTI-183895).
An interpolation theorem for slice-regular functions with application to very tame sets and slice Fatou–Bieberbach domains in $${\mathbb {H}}^2$$
Authors: Prezelj Jasna , Vlacci Fabio 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe prove an interpolation theorem for slice-regular quaternionic functions. We define very tame sets in $${\mathbb {H}}^2$$

H

2

to be the sets which can be mapped by compositions of automorphisms with volume 1 to the set $${{\mathcal {T}}}=\lbrace (2n-1,0), n \in {\mathbb {N}}\rbrace \cup \lbrace (2n + {\mathbb {S}},0), n \in {\mathbb {N}}\rbrace .$$

T
=
{
(
2
n
-
1
,
0
)
,
n
∈
N
}
∪
{
(
2
n
+
S
,
0
)
,
n
∈
N
}
.

We then show that any zero set of an entire slice-regular function of one variable embedded in $${\mathbb {H}}\times \lbrace 0 \rbrace \subset {\mathbb {H}}^2$$

H
×

{
0
}

⊂

H

2

is very tame in $${\mathbb {H}}^2.$$

H

2

.

A notion of slice Fatou–Bieberbach domain in $${\mathbb {H}}^2$$

H

2

is introduced and, finally, a slice Fatou–Bieberbach domain in $${\mathbb {H}}^2$$

H

2

avoiding $${{\mathcal {T}}}$$
T
is constructed in the last section.
Traffic sign recognition based on deep learning
Authors: Zhu Yanzhao , Yan Wei Qi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntelligent Transportation System (ITS), including unmanned vehicles, has been gradually matured despite on road. How to eliminate the interference due to various environmental factors, carry out accurate and efficient traffic sign detection and recognition, is a key technical problem. However, traditional visual object recognition mainly relies on visual feature extraction, e.g., color and edge, which has limitations. Convolutional neural network (CNN) was designed for visual object recognition based on deep learning, which has successfully overcome the shortcomings of conventional object recognition. In this paper, we implement an experiment to evaluate the performance of the latest version of YOLOv5 based on our dataset for Traffic Sign Recognition (TSR), which unfolds how the model for visual object recognition in deep learning is suitable for TSR through a comprehensive comparison with SSD (i.e., single shot multibox detector) as the objective of this paper. The experiments in this project utilize our own dataset. Pertaining to the experimental results, YOLOv5 achieves 97.70% in terms of mAP@0.5 for all classes, SSD obtains 90.14% mAP in the same term. Meanwhile, regarding recognition speed, YOLOv5 also outperforms SSD.
Bistability and delayed acceleration feedback control analytical study of collocated and non-collocated cases
Authors: Habib Giuseppe , Bártfai András , Barrios Asier , Dombovari Zoltan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractStability and bifurcation analysis of a non-rigid robotic arm controlled with a time-delayed acceleration feedback loop is addressed in this work. The study aims at revealing the dynamical mechanisms leading to the appearance of limit cycle oscillations existing in the stable region of the trivial solution of the system, which is related to the combined dynamics of the robot control and its structural nonlinearities. An analytical study of the bifurcations occurring at the loss of stability illustrates that, in general, hardening structural nonlinearities at the joint promote a subcritical character of the bifurcations. Consequently, limit cycle oscillations are generated within the stable region of the trivial solution. A nonlinear control force is then developed to enforce the supercriticality of the bifurcations. Results illustrate that this strategy enables to partially eliminate limit cycle oscillations coexisting with the stable trivial solution. The mechanical system is analysed in a collocated and a non-collocated configuration, depending on the position of the sensor.
Destinism: Puzzle Solved
Authors: Fischer John Martin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn a recent article in this journal, “Destinism,” Andrew Bailey presents a puzzle (in different versions) for “Destinism,” the view that the only things we can do are those we in fact do. The puzzle is intriguing and important in part because it challenges a doctrine (Destinism) that many philosophers think could be true compatibly with our being morally responsible. Destinism is at least a viable view. Bailey’s puzzle derives from very plausible assumptions, but I argue that these assumptions are not as plausible as they appear. Interpreted in a way that renders one of them acceptable makes another problematic. There is no one interpretation on which the puzzling arguments are uncontrovertibly sound.
Population structure of Phytophthora capsici in the state of Tennessee
Authors: Siegenthaler Timothy B. , Lamour Kurt , Hansen Zachariah R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe plant pathogen Phytophthora capsici can be found all throughout the USA, and the population genetics of this organism have been studied within many of these states. Until now, no work has been done in the state of Tennessee to investigate the population structure and genetics of P. capsici found there. The population structure of P. capsici was explored using 296 isolates collected from five counties in Tennessee in 2004, 2007, 2018, and 2019. Samples were genotyped using 39 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genetic markers. Multiple analyses indicate that the population structure of P. capsici in Tennessee exists in isolated clusters structured by geography. Geographically separate populations were genetically distinct, suggesting there is limited or no outcrossing among populations, but there is significant sexual reproduction occurring within populations. These findings corroborate previous studies of P. capsici throughout the midwestern and northeastern USA, where populations are generally sexually reproducing and structured by geography. This study provides the first characterization of P. capsici population structure in Tennessee.
Die schlafmedizinische Versorgung in Deutschland
Authors: Stuck Boris A. , Schöbel C. , Spiegelhalder K. 
Published: March 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Während eine aktuelle Analyse der schlafmedizinischen Qualifikationen in Deutschland Aussagen zu Anzahl und fachlichen Ausrichtung der Schlafmedizinerinnen erlaubt, sind tiefere Einblicke in die schlafmedizinische Versorgungsroutine bisher kaum möglich, wären für strategische Entscheidungen jedoch erforderlich.

Methodik
Schlafmedizinisch Tätige wurden zur Teilnahme an einem Online-Survey eingeladen. Erfasst wurden u. a. demografische Faktoren, schlafmedizinische Qualifikationen, Art und Häufigkeit der angebotenen diagnostischen und therapeutischen Verfahren, der Kenntnisstand zu Leitlinien und ausgewählten therapeutischen Verfahren und die Einschätzung zu Hindernissen in der Versorgung.

Ergebnisse
Beantwortet wurde der Survey von 435 Personen (Rücklaufquote 8,9 %). Es waren 62 % der Teilnehmerinnen zu etwa gleichen Teilen den Disziplinen Pneumologie und HNO-Heilkunde zugeordnet, 61,4 % hatte einen „BUB-Kurs“ absolviert und 44,1 % die Zusatzbezeichnung (ZB) Schlafmedizin erlangt. Mehr als 10 Jahre schlafmedizinisch tätig waren 72,2% der Teilnehmerinnen, 67,2 % im ambulanten Sektor. Nur ca. ein Viertel ist weiblich, das mittlere Alter lag bei 53 Jahren. Zur Diagnostik wird vornehmlich die Polygraphie angeboten (77,9 %), danach Screeningverfahren (36,3 %) und die stationäre (34,5 %) und ambulante (29,9 %) Polysomnographie. Als Schwerpunkte wurde in 88,7 % die obstruktive Schlafapnoe benannt. Kooperiert wird vornehmlich zwischen HNO-Heilkunde und Pneumologie. Etwa drei Viertel gaben an, die Leitlinien zu den schlafbezogenen Atmungsstörungen (SBAS) zu kennen, bzgl. der Leitlinie zur Insomnie waren es etwas weniger als die Hälfte.

Schlussfolgerung
Schlafmedizinisch tätig sind in Deutschland vor allem männliche Pneumologen und HNO-Ärzte mit den Qualifikationen „BUB-Kurs“ und ZB Schlafmedizin, die im ambulanten Sektor eine Diagnostik der SBAS anbieten. Die Daten deuten auf eine Unterversorgung von Patientinnen mit Insomnie hin. Es gibt derzeit kaum schlafmedizinischen Nachwuchs, was die Disziplin in ihrer Existenz gefährdet.