bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fungal species and mycotoxins in mouldy spots of grass and maize silages in Austria
Authors: Penagos-Tabares Felipe , Khiaosa-ard Ratchaneewan , Schmidt Marlene , Pacífico Cátia , Faas Johannes , Jenkins Timothy , Nagl Veronika , Sulyok Michael , Labuda Roman , Zebeli Qendrim 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFungi and mycotoxins in silage can have detrimental consequences for both cattle and human health. This pilot study identified, via the routinary direct plating method, the dominant cultivable fungi in mouldy grass silages (GS) (n = 19) and maize silages (MS) (n = 28) from Austria. The profiles of regulated, modified, and emerging mycotoxins together with other fungal metabolites were analysed via LC-(ESI)MS/MS.Penicillium roqueforti,Saccharomycesspp.,Geotrichum candidum,Aspergillus fumigatusandMonascus ruberwere the most frequent fungal organisms identified. Other species includingMucor circinelloides, Fusariumspp. andPaecilomyces niveuswere detected at lower frequencies. The presence of complex mixtures of toxic and potentially toxic compounds was evidenced by high levels and occurrences (≥ 50%) ofPenicillium-produced compounds such as mycophenolic acid (MPA), roquefortines (ROCs), andrastins (ANDs) and marcfortine A. Mouldy silages contained toxins commonly produced by genusFusarium(e.g. zearalenone (ZEN) and trichothecenes),Alternaria (like tenuazonic acid (TeA) and alternariol (AHO)) andAspergillus(such as sterigmatocystin (STC)). Compared to those in GS, mouldy spots in MS presented significantly higher fungal counts and more diverse toxin profiles, in addition to superior levels ofFusariumspp.,Penicilliumspp. and total fungal metabolites. Generally, no correlation between mould counts and corresponding metabolites was detected, except for the counts ofP. roqueforti, which were positively correlated withPenicilliumspp. metabolites in mouldy MS. This study represents a first assessment of the fungal diversity in mouldy silage in Austria and highlights its potential role as a substantial contributor to contamination with complex mycotoxin mixtures in cattle diets.
Design Framework for the Implementation of AI-based (Service) Business Models for Small and Medium-sized Manufacturing Enterprises
Authors: von Garrel Joerg , Jahn Carlos 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn a globalized world, small- and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises (manufacturing SME) face the challenge of keeping up with global competition. Although AI is ascribed the potential to fundamentally change entire markets, industries, and general business activities, the question remains how SME can implement AI in their operation effectively and efficiently, and therefore build up potential (service) business models. The aim of this paper is to reveal the innovation potential of these systems and to provide instructions on how they can be used by SME. Through these resources can be used more efficiently and new business models can be created. The causes for the little use of AI are numerous and solutions were sought in this work. The result is a socio-technical framework that allows manufacturing SME to build up AI-based (service) business models for themselves.
A novel preparation of high permeation SiC supports for NaA zeolite membrane by in situ reaction bonding
Authors: Chen Gangling , Zhang Jianying , Zhou Ayang , Feng Jianhua , Shao Xing , Ma Tianlin , Guo Youzhi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe performance of zeolite membrane supports directly determines the synthesis performance and industrial application of zeolite membranes. In this study, a novel and high permeation SiC supports for NaA zeolite membrane were prepared by carrying out in situ reaction bonding at high temperature in the air atmosphere to coat the SiC particles with aluminum sol. The effects of process parameters on the formation of porous structure of SiC supports were systematically investigated, and the underlying mechanism was explored. During the sintering process, high-temperature Al2O3 from aluminum sol reacted with SiO2 generated by oxidation of the surface of SiC particles to form mullite, which exhibited excellent chemical stability and improved the mechanical properties and chemical stability of the supports. The porous SiC supports for zeolite membrane displayed obvious three-dimensional connected pore structure, with smooth inner surface of the pores and obvious connection neck between the particles. The porous SiC supports for zeolite membrane showed good in situ mullite bonding between the particles, and high permeability. It has a porosity of 36.3%, an average pore size of 1.42 µm and a bending strength of 32.4 MPa. All these figures indicate good comprehensive properties that are consistent with the rigorous requirements of zeolite membrane synthesis and industrial application.
Design and Evaluation of Interprofessional Training Program for Healthcare Students from Collectivistic Culture
Authors: Raj Sonika , Kelly Dervla , Siddig MuizzI , Muppidi Pranjali , O’Connor Chris , Mckeague Helena , Dixon Mark , Alshahrani Mastour S. , Alhazmi Amani , Elmusharaf Khalifa 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Healthcare is team-based, and with increased mobility of healthcare workers, most of them will work with team members from all over the globe. Interprofessional education (IPE) research has mostly focused on specially designed programs in academic health institutions to prepare students for multidisciplinary work. Few IPE programs aim to integrate students with mixed disciplines from collectivist cultures.

Methods
This mixed-methods study was conducted between June and August 2019. Surveys and an e-portfolio were recorded of 33 final-year and graduated health professional students’ participation in an 8-week IPE summer program at a medical school in Ireland. Survey results are described, and the content of portfolios was analyzed based on the deductive analysis of qualitative data derived from questions.

Results
Students reported the greatest improvement in presentation skills (63.6%), followed by communication (54.5%), team working skills (93.9%), and interprofessional learning (42.4%), respectively. Qualitative findings highlighted challenges for students from a collectivist culture adapting to an IPE: uncomfortable verbally expressing themselves in problem-based learning (PBL) and how to work with other sex. Positive themes about IPE that emerged were enjoyment in sharing ideas and building trust with PBL groups. We learned that the program had to be flexible enough to meet the educational requirements of a target community with mixed English language ability and adaptability to IPE.

Conclusion
The authors propose that an international PBL-based summer program is effective in improving healthcare students’ attitudes towards IPE. This study provides valuable insights to facilitate the development of further IPE programs to increased collaboration between students across various healthcare disciplines.
Synthesis of hydrogels for adsorption of anionic and cationic dyes in water: ionic liquid as a crosslinking agent
Authors: Gao Huajing , Jiang Jilun , Huang Yihao , Wang Hong , Sun Jian , Jin Zhaohui , Wang Jiyang , Zhang Jianlin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this work, we synthesized an ionic liquid (IL)—(Dimethylamino)ethyl Methacrylate maleate ([DMAEMA]MA) as the crosslinker, through one-pot to synthesized hydrogels with high adsorption capacity for dye in water. Both anionic dyes (methylene blue, rhodamine B) and cationic dyes (congo red, eosin B) could be adsorbed by this type of hydrogel with different adsorption mechanism, and its adsorption capacity for methylene blue (MB), rhodamine B (RHB), congo red (CR), eosin B (EB) were 489.1, 463.2, 465.5 and 462 mg/g (amount of dye adsorbed per gram of hydrogel), respectively. The surface structure of the hydrogel before and after adsorption was observed and compared by scanning electron microscope (SEM). After studying the adsorption isotherms of the hydrogel adsorbent, it was found that the hydrogel adsorbent had two adsorption mechanisms. This was not found in reported literatures previously.
Effectiveness of a novel 1-step cleaner and disinfectant against Candida auris
Authors: Haq Muhammed F. , Cadnum Jennifer L. , Pearlmutter Basya S. , Jencson Annette L. , Donskey Curtis J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA novel 1-step anionic surfactant disinfectant was effective against Candida auris isolates from the 4 major phylogenetic clades as well as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and the enveloped virus bacteriophage Phi6. This anionic surfactant disinfectant may be a useful addition to the disinfectant products available for use against C. auris.
Filling the knowledge gap of Middle American freshwater fish parasite biodiversity: metazoan parasite fauna of Nicaragua
Authors: Santacruz A. , Barluenga M. , Pérez-Ponce de León G. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe heterogeneous landscape of Nicaragua harbours a large diversity of freshwater fishes. The great Nicaraguan lakes, Managua and Nicaragua, and several adjacent crater lakes harbour numerous endemic fish species. However, information about their parasite fauna is still fragmentary. Here, we surveyed the great Nicaraguan lakes and four crater lakes and provide data for 17 metazoan parasite taxa infecting seven fish host species. We also gathered all the published records from the literature on the parasites reported from Nicaraguan freshwater fishes, as well as those for Costa Rica and Panama to discuss the region of Lower Central America as a whole. With this information we built a parasite–host and a host–parasite checklist. With data from near 50% of the native and endemic freshwater fishes in Nicaragua, the parasite fauna comprises 101 taxa in 51 fish species allocated in 11 families. Cichlids are the most diverse group of fishes in this region and have been the most extensively surveyed for their metazoan parasites. Helminths are the best-represented groups of metazoan parasites, with 42 trematodes, five cestodes, 24 monogeneans, two acanthocephalans, 20 nematodes and one hirudinean. Additionally, freshwater fishes are parasitized by copepods, branchiurans and oribatid mites. Even though the inventory is not yet complete, the patterns of diversity uncovered revealed promising information about the origin, biogeography and evolutionary history of the Nicaraguan freshwater fish parasite fauna. More studies are necessary to complete our knowledge about the diversity, host association and distribution of metazoan parasites in Nicaragua and other Central American countries.
Automated assessment of second language comprehensibility: Review, training, validation, and generalization studies
Authors: Saito Kazuya , Macmillan Konstantinos , Kachlicka Magdalena , Kunihara Takuya , Minematsu Nobuaki 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWhereas many scholars have emphasized the relative importance of comprehensibility as an ecologically valid goal for L2 speech training, testing, and development, eliciting listeners’ judgments is time-consuming. Following calls for research on more efficient L2 speech rating methods in applied linguistics, and growing attention toward using machine learning on spontaneous unscripted speech in speech engineering, the current study examined the possibility of establishing quick and reliable automated comprehensibility assessments. Orchestrating a set of phonological (maximum posterior probabilities and gaps between L1 and L2 speech), prosodic (pitch and intensity variation), and temporal measures (articulation rate, pause frequency), the regression model significantly predicted how naïve listeners intuitively judged low, mid, high, and nativelike comprehensibility among 100 L1 and L2 speakers’ picture descriptions. The strength of the correlation (r = .823 for machine vs. human ratings) was comparable to naïve listeners’ interrater agreement (r = .760 for humans vs. humans). The findings were successfully replicated when the model was applied to a new dataset of 45 L1 and L2 speakers (r = .827) and tested under a more freely constructed interview task condition (r = .809).
Impact of school meals on educational outcomes in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Destaw Zelalem , Wencheko Eshetu , Kidane Samuel , Endale Mulugeta , Challa Yohannes , Tiruneh Melkamu , Tamrat Meti , Samson Hanna , Shaleka Dilu , Ashenafi Mogessie 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjective:This study evaluated the impact of the Addis Ababa School Feeding Program (SFP) on educational outcomes.Design:Single-group repeated measurement/longitudinal study design and multistage stratified sampling design were followed. Effect sizes estimates, repeated measures ANOVA, Chi-square, Generalised Additive Mixed Model and mixed effects negative binomial regression were used. Academic scores, attendance and dropout and height and weight of schoolchildren were collected.Setting:School Feeding Programs in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Participants:Schoolchildren in primary schools and school directors and teachers in fifteen randomly selected schools for Key Informant Interview (KII).Results:Anthropometric measurements of 4500 schoolchildren were taken from 50 schools. Academic scores of 3924 schoolchildren from 46 schools, class attendance records of 1584 schoolchildren from 18 schools and annual enrolment records of 50 schools were gathered. School meals achieved a minimum to large scale effects on educational outcomes with effect sizes (η2) of academic scores (boys = 0·023, girls = 0·04), enrolment (girls = 0·001, boys = 0·05) and attendance (Cramer’s V = 0·2). The average scores of girls were significantly higher than that of boys (P< 0·0001). Height-for-age in all schoolchildren (P< 0·01) and BMI-for-ageZ-scores in adolescent girls of 15–19 years (P< 0·0001) never had a significant positive relationship with average scores. Significant relation was observed between nutritional status and attendance (P= 0·021). KII showed that SFP created convenient teaching–learning environment and reduced hunger in schools, while boosting enrolment, attendance and academic performance among the schoolchildren.Conclusion:The Addis Ababa SFP has positively contributed to educational outcomes. Strengthening the program would enhance nutritional outcomes and diminish educational inequalities.
Kant’s Duty to Make Virtue Widely Loved
Authors: Gregory Michael L. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article examines an appendix to the Doctrine of Virtue which has received little attention. I argue that this passage suggests that Kant makes it a duty, internal to his system of duties, to ‘join the graces with virtue’ and so to ‘make virtue widely loved’ (MM, 6: 473). The duty to make virtue widely loved obligates us to bring the standards of respectability, and so the social graces, into a formal agreement with what morality demands of us, such that the social graces give the illusion of virtue. The existence of such a duty can answer Schiller’s persistent objection that Kant’s ethics scares away the Graces with Duty.
The impacts of human rights law on the regulation of armed conflict: A coherency-based approach to dealing with both the “interpretation” and “application” processes
Authors: van Steenberghe Raphaël 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNowadays, human rights law significantly impacts the regulation of armed conflict through two main processes: the “interpretation process”, whereby international humanitarian law is interpreted in light of human rights law's norms or concepts, and the “application process”, whereby human rights law applies in armed conflict alongside international humanitarian law. These processes raise complex problems with respect to the interplay between the two branches of international law. The aim of this paper is to propose an elaborated theoretical framework, based on legal theories of normative coherence, in order to address that interplay and to overcome the shortcomings of the formal mechanisms usually referred to in practice and legal scholarship. It is demonstrated that such a coherency-based approach recommends adapting the outcomes of the interpretation and application processes, either by modulating or displacing the inappropriate norm or regime, in light of substantial considerations.
The SolarWinds hack: Lessons for international humanitarian organizations
Authors: Marelli Massimo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAs humanitarian organizations become more active in the digital domain and reliant upon new technologies, they evolve from simple bystanders to full-fledged stakeholders in cyberspace, able to build on the advantages of new technologies but also vulnerable to adverse cyber operations that can impact their capacity to protect and assist people affected by armed conflict or other situations of violence. The recent hack of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement's Restoring Family Links network tools, potentially exposing the personal data of half a million vulnerable individuals to unauthorized access by unknown hackers, is a stark reminder that this is not just a theoretical risk but a very real one.1The 2020 cyber operation affecting SolarWinds, a major US information technology company, demonstrated the chaos that a hack can cause by targeting digital supply chain components. What does the hack mean for the humanitarian cyberspace, and what can we learn from it? In this article, Massimo Marelli, Head of the International Committee of the Red Cross's Data Protection Office, draws out some possible lessons and considers the way forward by drawing on the notion of “digital sovereignty”.
Transcultural Validation of the Nordic Age Discrimination Scale for the Spanish-Speaking Working Populations
Authors: Alcover Carlos-María , Nazar Gabriela , Bargsted Mariana , Ramírez-Vielma Raúl , Pulido Ninfa , Rodríguez Lucía 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNegative stereotypes about older workers can result in different types of age discrimination. The aim of this study was to run a transcultural adaptation and validation of the Nordic Age Discrimination Scale (NADS) into Spanish. Three independent samples of Chilean (N= 301), Colombian (N= 150), and Spanish (N= 209) workers over the age of 45, from different sectors and professional categories, answered a questionnaire including the NADS scale, measures of perceptions of inequality, workplace harassment and several scales related to outcome variables to test criterion and construct validity. The reliability index for the NADS was .85, a similar value for both Cronbach’s alpha (α) and McDonald’s omega (ω). CFA by country suggest good fit of this single-dimension structure in a final version of 5 items, and it presents scalar invariance; using the modification indices, partial invariance is achieved at the level of the variance of the errors. Both criterion and construct validity were verified, with strong evidence for criterion validity, and moderate results for construct validity. Therefore, the Spanish version of NADS had a single-dimension structure and adequate psychometric properties being a useful tool in measuring perceptions of age discrimination in different countries.
GIPC2 interacts with Fzd7 to promote prostate cancer metastasis by activating WNT signaling
Authors: Wang Liang , Wang Jiayi , Yin Xiaolin , Guan Xin , Li Ying , Xin Chenqi , Liu Jing 
Published: March 2022

AbstractProstate cancer (PCa) causes significant mortality and morbidity, with advanced metastasis. WNT signaling is a promising therapeutic target for metastatic PCa. GIPC2 is a GIPC1 paralog involved in WNT signaling pathways associated with tumor progression, but its role in PCa metastasis remains unclear. Herein, we demonstrated that high GIPC2 expression in PCa tissues was significantly associated with distant metastasis and poor prognosis. Functional studies demonstrated that high GIPC2 expression due to CpG-island demethylation promoted increased metastatic capabilities of PCa cells. Conversely, silencing GIPC2 expression significantly inhibited PCa metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, GIPC2 directly bound the WNT co-receptor Fzd7 through its PDZ domain, which enabled activation of WNT-β-catenin cascades, thereby stimulating PCa metastasis. Interestingly, GIPC2 protein was also identified as a component of exosomes and that it robustly stimulated PCa adhesion, invasion, and migration. The presence of GIPC2 in tumor-derived exosomes and ability to impact the behavior of tumor cells suggest that GIPC2 is a novel epigenetic oncogene involved in PCa metastasis. Our findings identified GIPC2 as a novel exosomal molecule associated with WNT signaling and may represent a potential therapeutic target and biomarker for metastatic PCa.
SCiPad: evaluating telemedicine via iPad facetime for general spinal cord injury care
Authors: Khong Cria-May M. , Pasipanodya Elizabeth C. , Do Jacqueline , Phan Nathan , Solomon Daniel L. , Wong Elyssa Y. , Dirlikov Benjamin , Shem Kazuko 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Study design
Uncontrolled clinical pilot study.

Objectives
To assess usage, perceived impact, and satisfaction with a telemedicine program among individuals with spinal cord injury (tele-SCI).

Setting
Community-based.

Methods
Participants (N = 83) were recruited from acute SCI inpatient rehabilitation and outpatient SCI care at a community hospital to participate in a 6-month tele-SCI intervention administered by SCI subspecialty board-certified physiatrists via iPad FaceTime. In addition to monthly follow up interview calls, psychosocial and Quality of Life (QoL) measures were collected at baseline and post-intervention. A program satisfaction survey was also collected post-intervention.

Results
Seventy-five percent of participants engaged in tele-SCI visits (Median [IQR]: 2.5 [2.0, 4.0]) for a total of 198 tele-SCI visits. Bladder and bowel concerns were the leading topics discussed during tele-SCI visits, followed by neurological, pain, and functional concerns. Tele-SCI users resided further away (Median miles [IQR] – 114[73–177] vs. 81[46–116], p = 0.023) and reported seeking more clinical advice (Median [IQR] – 1.5[0–4.0] vs. 0[0–1.0], p = 0.002) compared to non-tele-SCI users. All other clinical utilization, baseline characteristics, psychosocial measures, and QoL did not differ among those who used tele-SCI and those who did not. The satisfaction survey suggested satisfaction with the tele-SCI intervention (89%), study equipment (89%), staff responsiveness (100%), and improved motivation for self-monitoring of health (71%).

Conclusion
Study findings suggest that tele-SCI is a feasible modality for providing general SCI care. Further research is required to examine longer-term efficacy of remotely-provided care among individuals living with SCI.