bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diversity by design: Broadening participation through inclusive teaching
Authors: Goering Andrea E. , Resnick Cheryl E. , Bradford Kristie D. , Othus‐Gault Shannon M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAlthough community colleges are increasingly diverse, student outcomes across demographics are not necessarily equitable, nor does the representation of student demographics in a given class always reflect the diversity of the greater institutional student population. To achieve colleges’ stated diversity and equity goals, we must broaden participation in our classrooms through inclusive teaching practices. This chapter shares the stories of four community college faculty change agents in STEM who have implemented inclusive teaching and broadening participation strategies. Specifically, the authors discuss how to build a sense of belonging, support classroom conversations on diversity, incorporate diverse perspectives into curricula, and broaden the participation and success of all students. Finally, the authors recommend actions for individual faculty, faculty communities of practice, institutions, and surrounding communities to spur culture change and help achieve diversity and equity through inclusion.
Supporting transfer students in the geosciences from two‐year colleges to university programs
Authors: DiLeonardo Christopher , James Bridget R. , Ferandez Dan , Carter Deron 
Published: June 2022

AbstractProviding pathways that support geoscience transfer students from two‐year colleges (2YC) to four‐year colleges and universities (4YCU) addresses enrollment challenges, diversity, equity, and inclusion issues, and helps build the 21st‐century geoscience workforce. Building bridges between 2YC‐4YCU programs can happen in various ways, all of which support students, strengthen geoscience programs, and help 2YC geoscience faculty feel less isolated. We present three regional examples of how 2YC geoscience programs have developed bridges with 4YCU partners. While these examples are geoscience‐specific, they are broadly applicable to all STEM fields looking to engage and support transfer students.
Better together: Using course outcome data and learning communities to foster institutional change
Authors: Colosimo Amanda B. , Barone Jessica L. , Flick Lisa 
Published: June 2022

AbstractInspired by the SAGE 2YC project, we, the authors, examined course outcome data by demographics, which led to engagement of faculty across campus. Although our introductory‐level geology course had one of the highest “C or better” rates in the institution, when we examined course success by demographics, significant racial inequities emerged. As part of our mission to reduce inequities college‐wide, we encouraged faculty across our institution to examine their own course success rates and adopt pedagogical techniques that have demonstrated results at minimizing or eliminating inequities in course outcomes. We engaged faculty in a departmental equity group, a panel of cross‐college departmental equity groups, a workshop series for STEM instructors, and a college‐wide workshop on syllabus revision. Interdisciplinary faculty learning communities can effectively create systemic, bottom‐up change by engaging faculty across disciplines to identify inequities within their sphere of influence.
The role two‐year colleges play in unlearning racism in the geosciences (URGE)
Authors: Guertin Laura , Johnson Beth A. , van der Hoeven Kraft Kaatje J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAs one of the STEM disciplines with the lowest percentages of minoritized students and professionals, faculty and administrators in the geosciences have an opportunity to address racism within the context of their classrooms and campuses. In response, a group of community college geoscience faculty from disparate institutions across the U.S. came together to participate in the Unlearning Racism in Geoscience (URGE) program. This chapter describes how the group explored instructional, curricular, and institutional changes in practice and policies for a more inclusive geoscience community and gathered best practices into a resource document (https://bit.ly/2YCURGE).
Supporting biology education research at community colleges: Implementing and adapting evidence‐based practices
Authors: Cotter Robin , Kiser Stacey , Rasmussen Jed , Vemu Sheela 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBiology education research (BER), currently conducted mostly at four‐year colleges and universities, is changing the culture of teaching biology and improving student success. We are community college faculty participating in the NSF‐funded CC Bio INSITES network, getting training and support in BER to ask questions to improve student success in our highly diverse classes. Our research adapts and validates existing BER surveys and interventions in Hispanic‐serving college settings, with pre‐health professions’ students, and with traditionally underserved populations in STEM. BER projects serve assessment and program review goals common across many community colleges, and when implemented with high‐impact practices, BER measures the gains in student retention and success. We call for support to continue changing the culture of discipline‐based education research at community colleges.
Ultralow‐Loading and High‐Performing Ionic Liquid‐Immobilizing Rhodium Single‐Atom Catalysts for Hydroformylation
Authors: Wei Xinjia , Jiang Yongjun , Ma Yuan , Fang Jian , Peng Qingpo , Xu Wen , Liao Huiying , Zhang Fengxue , Dai Sheng , Hou Zhenshan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe have developed a Keggin polyoxometalate (POM)‐based ionic‐liquid (IL)‐immobilizing rhodium single‐atom Rh catalyst (MTOA)5[SiW11O39Rh] (MOTA=methyltrioctylammonium cation) that can afford exceptionally high catalytic activity for the hydroformylation of alkenes to produce aldehydes at an ultralow loading of Rh (ca. 3 ppm). For styrene hydroformylation, both the conversion and the yield of the aldehyde can reach almost 99 %, and a TOF as high as 9000 h−1 was obtained without using any phosphine ligand in the reaction process. Further characterization by FTIR, ICP and ESI‐MS analysis revealed that the single Rh atom was incorporated in the lacunary POM anions. In particular, the bulky IL cation can play an additional role in stabilizing Rh species and thus prevent aggregation and leaching of Rh species. The IL catalyst was miscible with n‐hexane at temperatures; this contributed to exceptionally high activity for hydroformylation even at ultra‐low loading of IL catalyst.
Iron‐Catalyzed Olefin Metathesis: Recent Theoretical and Experimental Advances
Authors: Grau Benedikt W. , Neuhauser Alexander , Aghazada Sadig , Meyer Karsten , Tsogoeva Svetlana B. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe “metathesis reaction” is a straightforward and often metal‐catalyzed chemical reaction that transforms two hydrocarbon molecules to two new hydrocarbons by exchange of molecular fragments. Alkane, alkene and alkyne metathesis have become an important tool in synthetic chemistry and have provided access to complex organic structures. Since the discovery of industrial olefin metathesis in the 1960s, many modifications have been reported; thus, increasing scope and improving reaction selectivity. Olefin metathesis catalysts based on high‐valent group six elements or Ru(IV) have been developed and improved through ligand modifications. In addition, significant effort was invested to realize olefin metathesis with a non‐toxic, bio‐compatible and one of the most abundant elements in the earth′s crust; namely, iron. First evidences suggest that low‐valent Fe(II) complexes are active in olefin metathesis. Although the latter has not been unambiguously established, this review summarizes the key advances in the field and aims to guide through the challenges.
From Nanoparticle Ensembles to Single Nanoparticles: Techniques for the Investigation of Plasmon Enhanced Electrochemistry
Authors: Liang Zerong , Li Jian , Zhou Yi‐Ge 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPlasmon enhanced electrochemistry (PEEC), where specific electrochemical reactions are promoted due to the reduced energy barrier of the reaction processes by the light excited “hot carriers” of the plasmonic nanoparticles, has aroused tremendous interest in recent years. A deep understanding of the PEEC process becomes a key issue for facilitating PEEC catalyst design and improving PEEC performance. This concept article begins with a brief discussion of the macroscopic electrochemical method of PEEC study of the plasmonic nanoparticle ensembles. Following that, we highlight two electrochemical techniques that may possess single nanoparticle sensitivity, i. e., scanning electrochemical microscope and nano‐impact electrochemistry. The pros and cons of each technique are discussed and an outlook is given. We hope to provide the readers with the current status of PEEC to evoke reflections regarding the reaction mechanisms, performance improvement, and the utilizations to important systems.
Development of an Allenyne‐Alkyne [4+2] Cycloaddition and its Application to Total Synthesis of Selaginpulvilin A
Authors: Le Anh , Gupta Saswata , Xu Man , Xia Yuanzhi , Lee Daesung 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA new [4+2] cycloaddition of allenyne‐alkyne is developed. The reaction is believed to proceed with forming an α,3‐dehydrotoluene intermediate. This species behaves as a σπ‐diradical to react with a hydrogen atom donor, whereas it displays a zwitterionic reactivity toward weak nucleophiles. The efficiency of trapping α,3‐dehydrotoluene depends not only on its substituents but also the trapping agents. Notable features of the reaction are the activating role of the extra alkyne of the 1,3‐diyne that reacts with the allenyne moiety and the opposite mode of trapping with oxygen and nitrogen nucleophiles. Oxygen nucleophiles result in the oxygen‐end incorporation at the benzylic position of the α,3‐dehydrotoluene, whereas with amine nucleophiles the nitrogen‐end is incorporated into the aromatic core. Relying on the allenyne‐alkyne cycloaddition as an enabling strategy, a concise total synthesis of phosphodiesterase‐4 inhibitory selaginpulvilin A is realized.
PROTOCOL: Effects of virtual reality exposure therapy versus in vivo exposure in treating social anxiety disorder in adults: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Polak Martin , Tanzer Norbert , Carlbring Per 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis is the protocol for a Campbell systematic review. The objectives are as follows: (a) to quantify the effect sizes for virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET) in the treatment of social anxiety disorder (SAD), targeting primary social anxiety symptoms, comorbid anxiety and depression symptoms and improvements in quality of life, when compared to WL, information control, care‐as‐usual and placebo; (b) to compare VRET to in vivo cognitive and cognitive‐behavioral interventions in treating SAD, at posttest and follow‐up, using between‐group design; (c) to identify the key features which are linked to beneficial outcomes in the two formats in treating SAD and (d) to collect and interpret information on differences in treatment uptake, adherence and attrition, as well as clinical significance and therapist‐time in both treatment formats.
PROTOCOL: Informal social support interventions for improving outcomes for victim‐survivors of domestic violence and abuse: An evidence and gap map
Authors: Schucan Bird Karen L. , Stokes Nicola , Rivas Carol , Tomlinson Martha 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis is the protocol for a Campbell Evidence Gap Map. The main objectives of the EGM are: establish the nature and extent of the primary empirical evidence on informal social support interventions, identify interventions and clusters of evidence suitable for systematic review/evidence synthesis and identify gaps in the evidence on informal social support interventions.
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Artemisinin‐Piperazine‐Phosphoramide Mustard Hybrids as Potential Anticancer Agents
Authors: Wei Meng‐Xue , Zhang Si‐Si , Sun Xuanrong , Ji Yang , Yang Pei‐Wen , Li Xue‐Qiang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA series of novel artemisinin‐piperazine‐phosphoramide mustard (PPM) hybrids were designed and synthesized by incorporating phosphoramide mustard (PM) into dihydroartemisinin (DHA) via an efficient, catalyst‐free two‐step sequential substitution. Artemisinin‐PPM hybrids showed better cytotoxic potency against HepG2 cells than both the parent DHA and the reference, vincristine (VCR). Structure‐activity relationship (SAR) studies showed that the cytotoxicity was significantly enhanced by the introduction of a thiazole moiety. Hybrid 7 h, the most potent compound with the highest selectivity index IC50 (HEK‐293T)/IC50 (HepG2)=16, displayed 7.4‐fold stronger potency than VCR against HepG2 cells. In addition, hybrid 7 h was substantially more cytotoxic on all human cancer cells tested than on the corresponding non‐cancerous cells. Flow cytometric analysis showed that 7 h significantly blocked the cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase and induced apoptosis in a concentration‐dependent manner.
Spherical Aromaticity of Tetrahedral Pnictogens Through Off‐Nucleus Isotropic Magnetic Shielding
Authors: Al‐Yassiri Muntadar A. H. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis work revealed the spherical aromaticity of some inorganic E4 cages and their protonated E4H+ ions (E=N, P, As, Sb, and Bi). For this purpose, we employed several evaluations like (0D‐1D) nucleus independent chemical shift (NICS), multidimensional (2D‐3D) off‐nucleus isotropic shielding σiso(r), and natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis. The magnetic calculations involved gauge‐including atomic orbitals (GIAO) with two density functionals B3LYP and WB97XD, and basis sets of Jorge‐ATZP, 6‐311+G(d,p), and Lanl2DZp. The Jorge‐ATZP basis set showed the best consistency. Our findings disclosed non‐classical aromatic characters in the above molecules, which decreased from N to Bi cages. Also, the results showed more aromaticity in E4 than E4H+. The NBO analysis attributed the aromaticity in the above molecules to the residual density of the overlapping σ‐bonding orbitals. So, the aromaticity in these molecules is unlike the classical aromaticity that is associated with electron delocalization. Scanning 1D σiso(r) variation along E−E bonds indicated a lowering in the shielding trend from N to Bi cages. The 3D results showed a similar decrease in the relative volumetric diffusion of the magnetic activity, whereas the volumetric ratio of V1ppm/V2ppm is almost constant for all the E4 cages.
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement in aortic stenosis and cardiac amyloidosis: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Cannata Francesco , Chiarito Mauro , Pinto Giuseppe , Villaschi Alessandro , Sanz‐Sánchez Jorge , Fazzari Fabio , Regazzoli Damiano , Mangieri Antonio , Bragato Renato M. , Colombo Antonio , Reimers Bernhard , Condorelli Gianluigi , Stefanini Giulio G. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimsAortic stenosis (AS) and cardiac amyloidosis (CA) are typical diseases of the elderly. Up to 16% of older adults with severe AS referred to transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) have a concomitant diagnosis of CA. CA‐AS population suffers from reduced functional capacity and worse prognosis than AS patients. As the prognostic impact of TAVR in patients with CA‐AS has been historically questioned and in light of recently published evidence, we aim to provide a comprehensive synthesis of the efficacy and safety of TAVR in CA‐AS patients.Methods and resultsWe performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis of studies: (i) evaluating mortality with TAVR as compared with medical therapy in CA‐AS patients and (ii) reporting complications and clinical outcomes of TAVR in CA‐AS patients as compared with patients with AS alone. A total of seven observational studies were identified: four reported mortality with TAVR, and four reported complications and clinical outcomes after TAVR of patients with CA‐AS compared with AS alone patients. In patients with CA‐AS, the risk of mortality was lower with TAVR (n = 44) as compared with medical therapy (n = 36) [odds ratio (OR) 0.23, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.07–0.73, I2 = 0%, P = 0.001, number needed to treat = 3]. The safety profile of TAVR seems to be similar in patients with CA‐AS (n = 75) as compared with those with AS alone (n = 536), with comparable risks of stroke, vascular complications, life‐threatening bleeding, acute kidney injury, and 30 day mortality, although CA‐AS was associated with a trend towards an increased risk of permanent pacemaker implantation (OR 1.76, 95% CI 0.91–4.09, I2 = 0%, P = 0.085). CA is associated with a numerically higher rate of long‐term mortality and rehospitalizations following TAVR in patients with CA‐AS as compared with those with AS alone.ConclusionsTAVR is an effective and safe procedure in CA‐AS patients, with a substantial survival benefit as compared with medical therapy, and a safety profile comparable with patients with AS alone except for a trend towards higher risk of permanent pacemaker implantation.
Higher BNP/NT‐pro BNP levels stratify prognosis equally well in patients with and without heart failure: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Hendricks Stefanie , Dykun Iryna , Balcer Bastian , Totzeck Matthias , Rassaf Tienush , Mahabadi Amir A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimsThe initial and dynamic levels of B‐type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and N‐terminal‐prohormone BNP (NT‐proBNP) are routinely used in clinical practice to identify patients with acute and chronic heart failure. In addition, BNP/NT‐proBNP levels might be useful for risk stratification in patients with and without heart failure. We performed a meta‐analysis to investigate, whether the value of BNP/NT‐proBNP as predictors of long‐term prognosis differentiates in cohorts with and without heart failure.Methods and resultsWe systematically searched established scientific databases for studies evaluating the prognostic value of BNP or NT‐proBNP. Random effect models were constructed. Data from 66 studies with overall 83 846 patients (38 studies with 46 099 patients with heart failure and 28 studies with 37 747 patients without heart failure) were included. In the analysis of the log‐transformed BNP/NT‐proBNP levels, an increase in natriuretic peptides by one standard deviation was associated with a 1.7‐fold higher MACE rate (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval]: 1.74[1.58–1.91], P < 0.0001). The effect sizes were comparable, with a substantial overlap in the confidence intervals, when comparing studies involving patients with and without heart failure (1.75[1.54–2.0], P < 0.0001 vs. 1.74[1.47–2.06], P < 0.0001). Similar results were observed when stratifying by quartiles of BNP/NT‐proBNP. In studies using pre‐defined cut‐off‐values for BNP/NT‐proBNP, elevated levels were associated with the long‐term prognosis, independent of the specific cut‐off value used.ConclusionsBNP/NT‐proBNP levels are predictors for adverse long‐term outcome in patients with and without known heart failure. Further research is necessary to establish appropriate thresholds, especially in non‐heart failure cohorts.
Red cell distribution width is associated with short‐term mortality in critically ill patients with heart failure
Authors: Zhang Xinyu , Wang Yi , Chen Naiyi , Liu Yan , Xiao Jie , Lin Zongwei , Lu Huixia , Ji Xiaoping 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimsThere is limited evidence for the correlation between short‐term mortality and red cell distribution width (RDW) in critical patients with heart failure. Herein, a retrospective cohort study was conducted to investigate whether RDW was independently associated with short‐term mortality in critically ill patients with heart failure.Methods and resultsAs a retrospective cohort study, it involved a total of 9465 patients with heart failure from the MIMIC‐IV database. The target‐dependent and independent variables were in‐hospital mortality, 90 day mortality and RDW measured at baseline, respectively. The relationship between all‐cause death and baseline RDW in hospital and after 90 days of admission to ICU was evaluated by using the Kaplan–Meier plot and Cox proportional hazard analysis. The average age of participants was 74.4 (64.2, 83.5) years old, among whom about 54.6% were male. Results of the adjusted Cox proportional hazard model revealed that RDW had a positive association with both in‐hospital and 90 day mortality risk after the adjustment of confounders (HR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.04–1.15, P < 0.001; HR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.08–1.14, P < 0.001, respectively). A non‐linear relationship was found between RDW and 90 day mortality, which had a threshold of 14.96%. The effect sizes and confidence intervals below and above the threshold were 1.36 (1.14 to 1.62) and 1.09 (1.04 to 1.15), respectively. It was also found by subgroup analysis that there were stronger correlations in male and patients with normal renal function.ConclusionsOur data suggest that the short‐term mortality of critically ill patients with HF is independently predicted by RDW. At the same time, large prospective research and longer follow‐up time are required to further validate the findings of this study.
Schrock‐TypeSilylidenesandGermylidenesFound Among the Silylene and Germylene Complexes of the Early and Mid‐Transition Metals
Authors: Lee Vladimir Ya. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe chemistry of Schrock‐type silylidene/germylidene complexes is the subject of this review. This is preceded by the general consideration of the prototypical transition metal carbene complexes and their classification as either Fischer or Schrock carbene complexes. Following this background, silylene/germylene complexes of the early (groups 3–4) and mid‐ (groups 5–7) transition metals are briefly discussed in terms of their synthesis and nature of the transition metal‐silylene/germylene bonding interaction. Major attention will be paid for the preparation, bonding nature, and particular reactivity of those complexes, which, on the basis of their spectroscopic, structural, and computational studies, are reliably categorized as the Schrock‐type silylene/germylene transition metal complexes, that is silylidenes/germylidenes.
Cobalt(I) Pincer Complexes: Four‐ versus Five‐Coordination
Authors: Yang Tilong , Chan Hok Tsun , Wong Wing Hei Marco , Chan Ka Lok , Sheong Fu Kit , Lin Zhenyang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIt is a common practice to associate a d8 electron configuration with square planar, 4‐coordinated complexes. A 5‐coordinated complex with a d8 configuration, although following the 18‐electron rule perfectly, is not as common as it might seem. On the other hand, a considerable number of 5‐coordinated d8 Co(I) complexes has been reported, and some of them serve as active intermediates in catalysis. Understanding the preference of 4‐ versus 5‐coordination for d8 complexes is therefore of practical concern in catalysis design. In this work, we have presented an exploration of the possible factors that govern the preference between the two. Based on DFT calculations, we have investigated the free energy change of ligand binding to several Co(I) pincer complexes and have revealed the role of σ and π interaction of ligands.