bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Side-by-Side: A One-on-One Peer Support Program for Medical Students
Authors: Mongrain Kelsey , Simmons Alexander , Shore Isabel , Prinja Xavier , Reaume Michael 
Published: April 2022

Problem
Medical students experience high levels of burnout and face barriers to accessing support services. However, few studies have considered the feasibility and/or effectiveness of one-on-one peer support programs for medical students. This report aims to describe the development and implementation of such a program, the Side-by-Side Peer Support Program, at the University of Ottawa (August 2018–June 2020).

Approach
Thirty-five medical students enrolled at the University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine were selected to participate in a training course aimed at developing the skills necessary to provide one-on-one support to their peers. The main responsibilities of peer supporters were to reach out to classmates, particularly those displaying changes in their usual behavior that might be indicative of mental illness, to provide basic counseling, and to refer at-risk students to professional services. Peer supporters offered weekly hours during which classmates could contact them for support. Information on interactions between students and peer supporters was recorded in an electronic database. An end-of-year survey collected information on barriers to seeking help perceived by medical students.

Outcomes
A total of 303 interactions were recorded. Interactions took place in various formats, including in-person, via telephone or video call, or via texting or online messaging. Interactions were initiated by both students and peer supporters. Survey respondents identified more barriers to seeking help from Faculty of Medicine services than Side-by-Side, including fear of impact on career (22.2% vs 2.5%; P < .01) and belief that the services would not be helpful (42.0% vs 23.5%; P = .02).

Next Steps
The authors plan to quantify well-being through academic engagement metrics as well as mental health outcome metrics in future studies. Future studies should also consider whether peer support increases help-seeking behaviors and/or the use of professional services.
Calcifications in Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Potential Pitfall in Diagnosis
Authors: Legesse Teklu , Burke Allen 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We report a case of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (ChRCC) with extensive calcifications, which on biopsy was initially interpreted as a possible MiT translocation carcinoma, in part because of the young age of the patient. Upon resection, the tumor was typical for ChRCC. The tumor illustrates that calcifications may be prominent in ChRCC and that the most common tumors in young patients are sporadic and of the classic morphologic types.
Pleomorphic Carcinoid: A Pitfall in Diagnosis on Small Biopsy Specimens
Authors: Hardy Naomi , Jacobs Jonathan , Staats Paul , Burke Allen , Stashek Kristen , Malone Laura 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Typical and atypical carcinoids account for 2% of all pulmonary neoplasms and are usually diagnosed based on characteristic neuroendocrine granules, architecture, and overall bland cytomorphology. However, there are rare carcinoids with unusual morphology mimicking features seen in non–small cell lung carcinoma, which can be a significant challenge on small biopsy or cytology specimens with major therapeutic implications. We report a case of a transbronchial needle aspirate that was initially misinterpreted as non–small cell lung carcinoma due to the presence of cohesive clusters of tumor cells showing striking pleomorphism and prominent nucleoli in a background of necrosis. In addition, tumor cells showed multifocal brown cytoplasmic melanin pigment that has rarely been reported in carcinoids. The diagnostic pitfalls of a pleomorphic carcinoid and the possible limitations of reaching this diagnosis on small biopsy specimens are discussed.
A Case of Benign Breast Inclusions in an Axillary Sentinel Lymph Node Mimicking a Low-Grade Carcinoma
Authors: Rytych Jennifer , LaBoy Carissa 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Benign inclusions in lymph nodes are a rare phenomenon that has been described throughout the body. These foci of nonneoplastic, ectopic tissue in the axillary lymph nodes can mimic low-grade metastatic breast carcinomas and result in a diagnosis of false-positive nodes that would lead to unnecessary treatment. We present a challenging case of a patient with a left breast grade 1 invasive ductal carcinoma undergoing an intraoperative axillary sentinel lymph node frozen-section consultation that contained numerous small tubules in the subcapsular space. The lymph node was interpreted as positive for carcinoma, and the patient underwent an axillary lymph node dissection. On permanent sections, myoepithelial cells and surrounding basement membranes were identified around some of the tubules, and a large, squamous inclusion cyst became visible. Immunohistochemical stains were performed that showed that p63 and smooth muscle myosin heavy chain highlighted myoepithelial cells around the tubules, whereas cytokeratin 5/6 and estrogen receptor stains showed a mosaic pattern of positivity. Combined, these findings supported a revised diagnosis of benign glandular and benign squamous inclusions. This case underscores the importance of thoroughly examining the location and histologic and cytologic features of a low-grade–appearing epithelium before determining lymph node positivity and, if it is unclear, deferring the diagnosis to permanent sections where immunohistochemical stains can be performed. Knowledge of this uncommon finding is important to avoid false-positive results, unnecessary treatments, and their associated comorbidities.
Individual cardiorespiratory fitness exercise prescription in elderly based on BP neural network
Authors: Xiao Yiran , Xu Chunyan , Zhang Lantian , Ding Xiaozhen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) declines as age increases in elderly. An individualized CRF exercise prescription can maintain the CRF level and delay aging process. Traditional exercise prescriptions are general and lack of individualization. In this paper, a new study based on back-propagation (BP) neural network, is investigated to predict the individualized CRF exercise prescriptions for elderly by correlate variables (age, sex, BMI, VO2maxinitial value, improvement etc.). The raw data are split to two parts, 90% for training the machine and the remaining 10% for testing the performance. Based on a database with 2078 people, the exercise prescription prediction model’s MAE, RMSE and R2are1.5206,1.4383 and 0.9944. 26 female subjects aged 60-79 years are recruited to test the model’s validity. The VO2max’s expected improvement was set at 10%. Based on the basic information of these elder women, we get personalized exercise prescription (frequency, intensity, time and volume) of each subject. All of them finished their own exercise intervention. The results show that the post VO2maxwas significantly different from the pre VO2maxand improved by 10.1%, and a total of 20 subjects(74.1%) improved within one standard deviation and 25 subjects(92.6%)improved within 1.96 times standard deviations. Our study shows that a high degree of accuracy in exercise suggestions for elderly was achieved by applying the BP neural network model.
Risk and severity of SARS-CoV-2 reinfections during 2020-2022 in Vojvodina, Serbia: a population-level study
Authors: Medić Snežana , Anastassopoulou Cleo , Lozanov-Crvenković Zagorka , Vuković Vladimir , Dragnić Nataša , Petrović Vladimir , Ristić Mioljub , Pustahija Tatjana , Gojković Zoran , Tsakris Athanasios , Ioannidis John P. A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundData on the rate and severity of SARS-CoV-2 reinfections in real-world settings are scarce and the effects of vaccine boosters on reinfection risk are unknown.MethodsIn a retrospective cohort study, registered SARS-CoV-2 laboratory-confirmed Vojvodina residents, between March 6, 2020 and October 31, 2021, were followed for reinfection ≥90 days after primary infection. Data were censored at the end of follow-up (January 31, 2022) or death. The reinfection risk was visualized with Kaplan-Meier plots. To examine the protective effect of vaccination, the subset of individuals with primary infection in 2020 (March 6-December 31) were matched (1:2) with controls without reinfection.FindingsUntil January 31, 2022, 13,792 reinfections were recorded among 251,104 COVID-19 primary infections (5.49%). Most reinfections (86.8%) were recorded in January 2022. Reinfections were mostly mild (99.2%). Hospitalizations were uncommon (1.8%vs. 3.70% in primary infection) and COVID-19 deaths were very rare (n=20, case fatality rate 0.15%). The overall incidence rate of reinfections was 5.99 (95% CI 5.89-6.09) per 1,000 person-months. The reinfection risk was estimated as 0.76% at six months, 1.36% at nine months, 4.96% at 12 months, 16.7% at 15 months, and 18.9% at 18 months. Unvaccinated (OR=1.23; 95%CI=1.14-1.33), incompletely (OR=1.33; 95%CI=1.08-1.64) or completely vaccinated (OR=1.50; 95%CI=1.37-1.63), were modestly more likely to be reinfected compared with recipients of a third (booster) vaccine dose.InterpretationSARS-CoV-2 reinfections were uncommon until the end of 2021 but became common with the advent of Omicron. Very few reinfections were severe. Boosters may modestly reduce reinfection risk.
Monitoring sustainable development goal 5.2: Cross-country cross-time invariance of measures for intimate partner violence
Authors: Yount Kathryn M. , Bergenfeld Irina , Mhamud Nishat , Clark Cari Jo , Kaslow Nadine J. , Cheong Yuk Fai 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe persistence and impacts of violence against women motivated Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 5.2 to end such violence. Global psychometric assessment of cross-country, cross-time invariance of items measuring intimate partner violence (IPV) is needed to confirm their utility for comparing and monitoring national trends.MethodsAnalyses of seven physical-IPV items included 377,500 ever-partnered women across 20 countries (44 Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS)). Analyses of five controlling-behaviors items included 371,846 women across 19 countries (42 DHS). We performed multiple-group confirmatory factor analysis (MGCFA) to assess within-country, cross-time invariance of each item set. Pooled analyses tested cross-country, cross-time invariance using DHSs that showed configural invariance in country-level multiple-group confirmatory factor analysis (MGCFAs). Alignment optimization tested approximate invariance of each item set in the pooled sample of all datasets, and in the subset of countries showing metric invariance over at least two repeated cross-sectional surveys in country-level MGCFAs.ResultsIn country-level MGCFAs, physical-IPV items and controlling-behaviors items functioned equivalently in repeated survey administrations in 12 and 11 countries, respectively. In MGCFA testing cross-country, cross-time invariance in pooled samples, neither item set was strictly equivalent; however, the physical-IPV items were approximately invariant. Controlling-behaviors items did not show approximate cross-country and cross-time invariance in the full sample or the sub-sample showing country-level metric invariance.ConclusionPhysical-IPV items approached approximate invariance across 20 countries and were approximately invariant in 11 countries with repeated cross-sectional surveys. Controlling-behaviors items were cross-time invariant within 11 countries but did not show cross-country, cross-time approximate invariance. Currently, the physical-IPV item set is more robust for monitoring progress toward SDG5.2.1, to end IPV against women.
The relation between COVID-19 vaccinations and public governance to improve preparedness of next pandemic impacts and crisis management: a global study
Authors: Coccia Mario , Benati Igor 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe goal of this study is to analyze the relationship between COVID-19 vaccinations and public governance performing a global analysis of more than 110 countries worldwide. Methodology applies the Independent SamplesT-Test that compares the means of two independent groups (countries with high/low level of vaccinations) to determine whether there is statistical evidence that the associated population means of indicators of public governance are significantly different. Findings suggest that high levels of governance can support a better function of health systems in the rollout of vaccinations to cope with COVID-19 pandemic crisis. This study may assist long-run policy of governments to improve good governance and health systems of countries in order to reinforce the preparedness to face next pandemic threats and in general future crisis management in society.
Interplay between Tumor Mutational Burden and Mutational Profile and its effect on overall survival: A Post Hoc Analysis of Metastatic Patients Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
Authors: Xavier Camila B. , Lopes Carlos Diego H. , Awni Beatriz M. , Campos Eduardo F. , Alves João Pedro B. , Camargo Anamaria A. , Guardia Gabriela D. A. , Galante Pedro A. F. , Jardim Denis L. 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTPurposeSolid tumors harboring tumor mutational burden (TMB) ≥ 10 mutations per megabase (mut/Mb) received agnostic approval for pembrolizumab. However, TMB cut-off alone is not a predictor of overall survival (OS). This work aims to analyze the somatic mutational profile’s influence in the outcomes of patients with TMB-high tumors treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).MethodsThis post-hoc analysis evaluated clinical and molecular features of 1,661 patients with solid tumors treated with ICIs. We performed OS analysis for TMB thresholds of ≥ 10, ≥ 20, and < 10 mut/Mb. For a TMB ≥ 10mut/Mb cutoff, we assessed OS according to mutational profile. For genes exhibiting a correlation with OS (P < 0.05) at the univariate assessment, we conducted a Cox multivariate analysis adjusted by median TMB, sex, age, microsatellite instability (MSI), and histology.Results1,661 patients were investigated, and 488 harbored a TMB ≥ 10 mut/Mb (29.4%). The median OS was 42 months for TMB ≥ 10 or 20 mut/Mb, and 15 months for TMB < 10 mut/Mb (P < 0.005). In patients harboring TMB ≥ 10mut/Mb, mutations in E2F3 or STK11 were correlated with worse OS, and mutations inNTRK3, PTPRD, RNF43, TENT5C, TET1orZFHX3with better OS. These associations were confirmed by univariate and multivariate analyses (P < 0.05). Melanoma histology and TMB above the median endowed patients with better OS (P < 0.05). MSI status, age, and gender did not have a consistent statistically significant effect on OSConclusionCombining TMB information and mutation profiles in key cancer genes can be used to better qualify patients for ICI treatment and predict their OS.CONTEXT SUMMARYKey objectiveTumor mutational burden (TMB) of ≥ 10 mutations per megabase (mut/Mb) grant agnostic indication of pembrolizumab for advanced solid tumors’ treatment, however a substantial number of patients do not respond to therapy. This work aims to analyze the somatic mutational profile’s influence in the outcomes of patients with TMB ≥ 10mut/Mb tumors treated with ICIs.Knowledge generatedMutation profile can modify survival outcomes to ICIs in patients with TMB ≥ 10 mut/Mb. Mutations inE2F3orSTK11correlate with worse OS, while mutations inNTRK3, PTPRD, RNF43, TENT5C, TET1orZFHX3correlate with better OS in TMB-high patients receiving ICIs.RelevanceWe found that the combination of a high TMB and the somatic mutational profile in key cancer genes can be decisive in better qualify patients for ICI treatment.
Sleep Disruption Selectively Weakens Reactivated Memories
Authors: Whitmore Nathan W. , Paller Ken A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA widely accepted view in memory research is that recently stored information can be reactivated during sleep, leading to memory strengthening. Two recent studies have shown this effect can be reversed in participants with highly disrupted sleep. To test whether weakening of reactivated memories can result directly from sleep disruption, in this experiment we varied the intensity of memory reactivation cues, such that some produced sleep arousals. Prior to sleep, participants (local community members) learned the locations of 75 objects, each accompanied by a sound naturally related to that object. Location recall was tested before and after sleep, and a subset of the sounds were presented during sleep. Reactivation with arousal weakened memories, unlike the improvement typically found. We conclude that reactivated memories can be selectively weakened during sleep, and that memory reactivation may strengthen or weaken memories depending on additional factors such as concurrent sleep disruption.Statement of RelevanceThe results of this study have implications for both human health and basic psychology. Sleep disorders like apnea are associated with memory problems; our results suggest a possible mechanism where frequent arousal may disrupt the naturally occurring reactivation of memory in sleep. These results also highlight the importance of avoiding brief sleep disruption for good sleep hygiene. Finally, we raise the possibility that reactivation with sleep disruption could be used therapeutically to weaken distressing memories.Our observation that memories can also be either weakened or strengthened by sleep reactivation has implications for understanding the mechanisms of memory consolidation. In particular, we suggest that sleep memory reactivation may be a reconsolidation-like process with memory restabilization required after reactivation. Our findings also suggest avenues for future experiments; such as using sleep disruption to study the time course of memory reactivation.
Fronto-parietal networks shape human conscious report through attention gain and reorienting
Authors: Liu Jianghao , Bayle Dimitri J. , Spagna Alfredo , Sitt Jacobo D. , Bourgeois Alexia , Lehongre Katia , Fernandez-Vidal Sara , Adam Claude , Lambrecq Virginie , Navarro Vincent , Malkinson Tal Seidel , Bartolomeo Paolo 
Published: April 2022

SummaryHow do attention and consciousness interact in the human brain? Rival theories of consciousness disagree on the role of fronto-parietal attentional networks in conscious perception. We recorded neural activity from 727 intracerebral contacts in 13 epileptic patients, while they detected near-threshold targets preceded by attentional cues. Unsupervised clustering revealed three patterns: (1) Attention-enhanced conscious report accompanied sustained right-hemisphere fronto-temporal activity, in networks connected by the superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF) II-III, and late accumulation in bilateral dorso-prefrontal and right-hemisphere orbitofrontal cortex (SLF I-III). (2) Attentional reorienting affected conscious report through early, sustained activity in a right-hemisphere network (SLF III). (3) Conscious report accompanied left-hemisphere dorsolateral-prefrontal activity. Task modeling with recurrent neural networks identified specific excitatory and inhibitory interactions between attention and consciousness, and their causal contribution to conscious perception of near-threshold targets. Thus, distinct, hemisphere-asymmetric fronto-parietal networks support attentional gain and reorienting in shaping human conscious experience.One-Sentence SummaryIntracerebral recordings, tractography and modeling reveal the interaction of attention and consciousness in the human brain.
Contrasting effects of reduced phosphatidylcholine synthesis in absence of seipin: embryonic lethality goes down while lipid droplets get even larger
Authors: Zhu Jinglin , Lam Sin Man , Yang Leilei , Liang Jingjing , Ding Mei , Shui Guanghou , Huang Xun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSeipin plays a vital role in lipid droplet homeostasis and its deficiency causes congenital generalized lipodystrophy type II in humans. It is not known whether the physiological defects are all caused by cellular lipid droplet defects. Loss-of-function mutation ofseip-1, theC. elegansseipin ortholog, causes embryonic lethality and lipid droplet abnormality. We uncovernhr-114andspin-4as two suppressors ofseip-1embryonic lethality. Mechanistically,nhr-114andspin-4act in the “B12-one-carbon cycle-phosphatidylcholine (PC)” axis and reducing PC synthesis suppresses the embryonic lethality ofseip-1mutants. Conversely, PC deficiency enhances the lipid droplet abnormality ofseip-1mutants. The suppression ofseip-1embryonic lethality by PC reduction requires polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). Therefore, seipin and phosphatidylcholine exhibit opposite actions in embryogenesis, while they function similarly in lipid droplet homeostasis. Our results demonstrate that seipin-mediated embryogenesis is independent of lipid droplet homeostasis.Highlightsseip-1suppressors act in the “B12-one-carbon cycle-PC” pathway.Reducing PC synthesis suppresses the embryonic lethality ofseip-1mutants.Suppression of the embryonic lethality by PC reduction requires PUFA.Reduced PC synthesis enhances the large lipid droplet ofseip-1mutants.
Whole-genome duplication in an algal symbiont bolsters coral heat tolerance
Authors: Dougan Katherine E. , Bellantuono Anthony J. , Kahlke Tim , Abbriano Raffaela M. , Chen Yibi , Shah Sarah , Granados-Cifuentes Camila , van Oppen Madeleine J. H. , Bhattacharya Debashish , Suggett David J. , Rodriguez-Lanetty Mauricio , Chan Cheong Xin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe algal endosymbiontDurusdinium trenchiienhances the resilience of coral reefs under thermal stress1,2. As an endosymbiont,D. trenchiiis generally expected to have a reduced genome compared to its free-living relatives, due in part to the lack of selective pressure for maintaining redundant gene functions in a stable intracellular environment within the host3. However,D. trenchiican live freely or in endosymbiosis, and the analysis of genetic markers4suggests that this species has undergone whole-genome duplication (WGD). Here we present genome assemblies for twoD. trenchiiisolates, confirm WGD in these taxa, and examine how selection has shaped the duplicated genome regions. We assess how the competing free-living versus endosymbiotic lifestyles ofD. trenchiihave contributed to the retention and divergence of duplicated genes, and how these processes have enhanced thermotolerance of corals hosting these symbionts. We find that lifestyle is the driver of post-WGD evolution inD. trenchii, with the free-living phase being most important, followed by endosymbiosis. Adaptations to both lifestyles collectively result in increased cellular fitness forD. trenchii, which provides enhanced thermal stress protection to the host coral. Beyond corals, this polyploid alga is a valuable model for understanding how genome-wide selective forces act to balance the often, divergent constraints imposed by competing lifestyles.