bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Tale of Two Sites: Neighboring Atomically Dispersed Pt Sites Cooperatively Remove Trace H2 in CO‐Rich Stream
Authors: Rao Yi , Wu Yutong , Dai Xueya , Zhang Ya‐Wen , Qin Gaowu , Qi Wei , Li Song 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSingle‐atom catalysts (SACs) exhibit distinct catalytic behavior compared with nano‐catalysts because of their unique atomic coordination environment without the direct bonding between identical metal centers. How these single atom sites interact with each other and influence the catalytic performance remains unveiled as designing densely populated but stable SACs is still an enormous challenge to date. Here, a fabrication strategy for embedding high areal density single‐atom Pt sites via a defect engineering approach is demonstrated. Similar to the synergistic mechanism in binuclear homogeneous catalysts, from both experimental and theoretical results, it is proved that electrons would redistribute between the two oxo‐bridged paired Pt sites after hydrogen adsorption on one site, which enables the other Pt site to have high CO oxidation activity at mild‐temperature. The dynamic electronic interaction between neighboring Pt sites is found to be distance dependent. These new SACs with abundant Pt‐O‐Pt paired structures can improve the efficiency of CO chemical purification.
Imputation of low‐density marker chip data in plant breeding: Evaluation of methods based on sugar beet
Authors: Niehoff Tobias , Pook Torsten , Gholami Mahmood , Beissinger Timothy 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLow‐density genotyping followed by imputation reduces genotyping costs while still providing high‐density marker information. An increased marker density has the potential to improve the outcome of all applications that are based on genomic data. This study investigates techniques for 1k to 20k genomic marker imputation for plant breeding programs with sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L. ssp. vulgaris) as an example crop, where these are realistic marker numbers for modern breeding applications. The generally accepted ‘gold standard’ for imputation, Beagle 5.1, was compared with the recently developed software AlphaPlantImpute2 which is designed specifically for plant breeding. For Beagle 5.1 and AlphaPlantImpute2, the imputation strategy as well as the imputation parameters were optimized in this study. We found that the imputation accuracy of Beagle could be tremendously improved (0.22 to 0.67) by tuning parameters, mainly by lowering the values for the parameter for the effective population size and increasing the number of iterations performed. Separating the phasing and imputation steps also improved accuracies when optimized parameters were used (0.67 to 0.82). We also found that the imputation accuracy of Beagle decreased when more low‐density lines were included for imputation. AlphaPlantImpute2 produced very high accuracies without optimization (0.89) and was generally less responsive to optimization. Overall, AlphaPlantImpute2 performed relatively better for imputation whereas Beagle was better for phasing. Combining both tools yielded the highest accuracies.
Pragmatics Twelve Years Later: A Report on Lingua Franca
Authors: von Hanxleden Reinhard , Lee Edward A. , Fuhrmann Hauke , Schulz-Rosengarten Alexander , Domrös Sören , Lohstroh Marten , Bateni Soroush , Menard Christian 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn 2010, Fuhrmann et al. argued for enhancing modeler productivity by providing tooling that, put simply, combines the best of textual and graphical worlds. They referred to this as pragmatics, and argued that a key enabler would be the ability to automatically synthesize customized graphical views from a (possibly textual) model. The model would be the “ground truth” used, for example, for downstream code synthesis and simulation; the graphical views would typically be abstractions from the model serving various purposes, including documentation.Twelve years later, we reflect on their proposal, and illustrate the current state with the recently developed polyglot coordination language Lingua Franca (LF). LF has been designed with pragmatics in mind since early on, and some characteristics of LF make it particularly suited for pragmatics-aware programming and modeling. However, the underlying pragmatic principles are broadly applicable, and by now a set of mature open source tools is available for putting them into practice.
Automatic Generation of Domain-Aware Control Plane Logic for Software Defined Railway Communication Networks
Authors: Canonico Roberto , Flammini Francesco , Marrone Stefano , Nardone Roberto , Vittorini Valeria 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe emergence of 5G technologies opens up new opportunities for railway communications. One of the foundational aspects of 5G architecture is its control-plane programmability, which can be achieved through Software Defined Networking (SDN). In railway scenarios, this can be used to dynamically reconfigure the network for a more effective and efficient management of communication flows produced by moving trains. The paper presents a framework for integrating modelling and analysis tools into a programmable control plane specifically tailored to railway communications. We introduce the concept of domain-awareness in the network control plane as an SDN-enabled feature that allows achieving application-specific advantages besides those purely expressed in terms of key performance indicators such as the quality of service. We propose a reference architecture in which domain-awareness in the control plane is obtained by considering information gathered by network devices and ad-hoc communication gateways that are able to detect relevant signalling events. In the architecture, the actual behaviour of the SDN controller is governed by applications that are able to react to specific triggers and re-configure network devices accordingly. We also provide a methodological framework based on model-driven engineering and formal methods, including dynamic state machines, for the automatic generation of SDN control plane logic.
On the entropy of strings and branes
Authors: Brustein Ram , Zigdon Yoav 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We show that the entropy of strings that wind around the Euclidean time circle is proportional to the Noether charge associated with translations along the T-dual time direction. We consider an effective target-space field theory which includes a large class of terms in the action with various modes, interactions and α′ corrections. The entropy and the Noether charge are shown to depend only on the values of fields at the boundary of space. The classical entropy, which is proportional to the inverse of Newton’s constant, is then calculated by evaluating the appropriate boundary term for various geometries with and without a horizon. We verify, in our framework, that for higher-curvature pure gravity theories, the Wald entropy of static neutral black hole solutions is equal to the entropy derived from the Gibbons-Hawking boundary term. We then proceed to discuss horizonless geometries which contain, due to the back-reaction of the strings and branes, a second boundary in addition to the asymptotic boundary. Near this “punctured” boundary, the time-time component of the metric and the derivatives of its logarithm approach zero. Assuming that there are such non-singular solutions, we identify the entropy of the strings and branes in this geometry with the entropy of the solution to all orders in α′. If the asymptotic region of an α′-corrected neutral black hole is connected through the bulk to a puncture, then the black hole entropy is equal to the entropy of the strings and branes. Later, we discuss configurations similar to the charged black p-brane solutions of Horowitz and Strominger, with the second boundary, and show that, to leading order in the α′ expansion, the classical entropy of the strings and branes is equal exactly to the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy. This result is extended to a configuration that asymptotes to AdS.
Operative management of acetabular fractures in the elderly: a case series
Authors: Panteli Michalis , Souroullas Panayiotis , Gowda Sushmith R. , Vun James S. H. , Howard Anthony J. , Kanakaris Nikolaos K. , Giannoudis Peter V. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Our objective was to identify acetabular fractures in the elderly population (over 60 years of age), treated with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF), and to examine their outcomes, primarily the risk for need for further surgery in the form of a total hip arthroplasty (THA), and factors associated with it. Additional outcomes such as infection, avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head, and heterotopic ossification (HO) were also investigated.

Methods
Following institutional review board (IRB) approval, a retrospective analysis of all consecutive patients presenting to a Level I Trauma Centre over a 13-years period (January 2003–February 2016) was conducted. Patients were excluded if their initial treatment was conservative or simultaneous ORIF with THA.

Results
A total of 62 patients with an age of 71.5 ± 8.04 years were included (14 female; follow-up 54.2 months, range 1–195 months). Sixteen patients required a THA as a secondary procedure due to symptomatic post-traumatic arthritis (25.8%), five (8.1%) of whom having a THA within a year from the original trauma (three patients presenting with loss of reduction and two patients with early AVN). No associations with progression to THA were identified. Surgical approach (ilioinguinal) was the only factor associated with increased risk of development of HO (p = 0.010). The median post-operative survival following an acetabular fracture treated with ORIF was calculated at 90.1 months (95% CI 72.9–107.2).

Conclusion
Acetabular fractures ORIF in the elderly, is a safe and reliable option. The relatively incidence of development of severe post-operative arthritis was 45.2%. Conversion to THA was 25.8%, with 8.1% having the arthroplasty procedure within a year of the original trauma surgery.

Level of evidence
III.
Cancer-associated inflammation: pathophysiology and clinical significance
Authors: Pęczek Piotr , Gajda Monika , Rutkowski Kacper , Fudalej Marta , Deptała Andrzej , Badowska-Kozakiewicz Anna M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Cancer cells, despite stemming from the own cells of their host, usually elicit an immune response. This response usually enables elimination of cancer at its earliest stages. However, some tumors develop mechanisms of escaping immune destruction and even profiting from tumor-derived inflammation.

Methods
We summarized the roles of different immune cell populations in various processes associated with cancer progression and possible methods of reshaping tumor-associated inflammation to increase the efficacy of cancer therapy.

Results
Changes in various signaling pathways result in attraction of immunosuppressive, pro-tumorigenic cells, such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells, tumor-associated macrophages, and neutrophils, while at the same time suppressing the activity of lymphocytes, which have the potential of destroying cancer cells. These changes promote tumor progression by increasing angiogenesis and growth, accelerating metastasis, and impairing drug delivery to the tumor site.

Conclusion
Due to its multi-faceted role in cancer, tumor-associated inflammation can serve as a valuable therapy target. By increasing it, whether through decreasing overall immunosuppression with immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy or through more specific methods, such as cancer vaccines, oncolytic viruses, or chimeric antigen receptor T cells, cancer-derived immunosuppression can be overcome, resulting in immune system destroying cancer cells. Even changes occurring in the microbiota can influence the shape of antitumor response, which could provide new attractive diagnostic or therapeutic methods. Interestingly, also decreasing the distorted tumor-associated inflammation with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can lead to positive outcomes.
Predictive biomarkers in gastric cancer
Authors: Röcken C. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPredictive biomarkers are the mainstay of precision medicine. This review summarizes the advancements in tissue-based diagnostic biomarkers for gastric cancer, which is considered the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. A disease seen in the elderly, it is often diagnosed at an advanced stage, thereby limiting therapeutic options. In Western countries, neoadjuvant/perioperative (radio-)chemotherapy is administered, and adjuvant chemotherapy is administered in the East. The morpho-molecular classification of gastric cancer has opened novel avenues identifying Epstein–Barr-Virus (EBV)-positive, microsatellite instable, genomically stable and chromosomal instable gastric cancers. In chromosomal instable tumors, receptor tyrosine kinases (RKTs) (e.g., EGFR, FGFR2, HER2, and MET) are frequently overexpressed. Gastric cancers such as microsatellite instable and EBV-positive types often express immune checkpoint molecules, such as PD-L1 and VISTA. Genomically stable tumors show alterations in claudin 18.2. Next-generation sequencing is increasingly being used to search for druggable targets in advanced palliative settings. However, most tissue-based biomarkers of gastric cancer carry the risk of a sampling error due to intratumoral heterogeneity, and adequate tissue sampling is of paramount importance.
Varying outcomes of triple-negative breast cancer in different age groups–prognostic value of clinical features and proliferation
Authors: Vihervuori H. , Korpinen K. , Autere T. A. , Repo H. , Talvinen K. , Kronqvist P. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive disease lacking specific biomarkers to guide treatment decisions. We evaluated the combined prognostic impact of clinical features and novel biomarkers of cell cycle-progression in age-dependent subgroups of TNBC patients.

Methods
One hundred forty seven TNBC patients with complete clinical data and up to 18 year follow-up were collected from Turku University Hospital, Finland. Eight biomarkers for cell division were immunohistochemically detected to evaluate their clinical applicability in relation to patient and tumor characteristics.

Results
Age at diagnosis was the decisive factor predicting disease-specific mortality in TNBC (p = 0.002). The established prognostic features, nodal status and Ki-67, predicted survival only when combined with age. The outcome and prognostic features differed significantly between age groups, middle-aged patients showing the most favorable outcome. Among young patients, only lack of basal differentiation predicted disease outcome, indicating 4.5-fold mortality risk (p = 0.03). Among patients aged > 57, the established prognostic features predicted disease outcome with up to 3.0-fold mortality risk for tumor size ≥ 2 cm (p = 0.001). Concerning cell proliferation, Ki-67 alone was a significant prognosticator among patients aged > 57 years (p = 0.009). Among the studied cell cycle-specific biomarkers, only geminin predicted disease outcome, indicating up to 6.2-fold increased risk of mortality for tumor size < 2 cm (p = 0.03).

Conclusion
Traditional clinical features do not provide optimal prognostic characterization for all TNBC patients. Young age should be considered as an additional adverse prognostic feature in therapeutic considerations. Increased proliferation, as evaluated using Ki-67 or geminin immunohistochemistry, showed potential in detecting survival differences in subgroups of TNBC.
A canary, a coal mine, and imperfect data: determining the efficacy of open-source climate change models in detecting and predicting extreme weather events in Northern and Western Kenya
Authors: Igobwa Alvin M. , Gachanja Jeremy , Muriithi Betsy , Olukuru John , Wairegi Angeline , Rutenberg Isaac 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Climate models, by accurately forecasting future weather events, can be a critical tool in developing countermeasures to reduce crop loss and decrease adverse effects on animal husbandry and fishing. In this paper, we investigate the efficacy of various regional versions of the climate models, RCMs, and the commonly available weather datasets in Kenya in predicting extreme weather patterns in northern and western Kenya. We identified two models that may be used to predict flood risks and potential drought events in these regions. The combination of artificial neural networks (ANNs) and weather station data was the most effective in predicting future drought occurrences in Turkana and Wajir with accuracies ranging from 78 to 90%. In the case of flood forecasting, isolation forests models using weather station data had the best overall performance. The above models and datasets may form the basis of an early warning system for use in Kenya’s agricultural sector.
Critical success factors and challenges for individual digital study assistants in higher education: A mixed methods analysis
Authors: König Claudia M. , Karrenbauer Christin , Breitner Michael H. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, the availability of online higher education programs and tools has grown rapidly. One example is an individual digital study assistant (IDSA) for students, which provides functionalities to train self-regulation skills, to engage with own educational goals and to offer automated, first-level support to higher education institution (HEI) units and employees. An IDSA further can guide students through HEI and their administration. But, what are the critical success factors (CSF) and challenges for an IDSA? We deduce these using a mixed methods approach with one quantitative student survey, two rounds of interviews with various HEI experts, and a literature review. We classified our results according to the information system (IS) success model of DeLone & McLean (2016). Our results and findings show, e.g., that skilled and reliable HEI personnel, well-organized and useful content, cross-platform usability, ease of use, and students’ social factors are essential. Attractive IDSA functionalities are a major challenge because students use many apps, daily. Based on our CSF and challenges, we deduce theoretical and practical recommendations and develop a further research agenda.
Assessment of environmental, economic and technical performance of geopolymer concrete: a case study
Authors: Firdous Rafia , Nikravan Morteza , Mancke Raoul , Vöge Manuel , Stephan Dietmar 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAlthough several studies report the CO2 reduction obtained from alkali-activated materials/geopolymers, only a few investigate their engineering, environmental and economic aspects. The present paper provides an evaluation approach to address these three major aspects of geopolymer concrete by choosing three scenarios for industrial precast applications. Using the analytical hierarchy process, a single sustainability score was determined for three scenarios using technical, environmental and economic parameters. Such sustainability sensitivity analysis led to decision-making for various scenarios. This case study provides an example of reaching these parameters for choosing suitable concrete mixtures for a given application or requirements. The technical and environmental results showed that a wide range of late and early age compressive strength could be achieved by changing the mix composition and proportions. However, all the geopolymer concrete samples exhibited a lower environmental footprint than OPC concrete.
Characterization of Expanded Gamma Delta T Cells from Atypical X-SCID Patient Reveals Preserved Function and IL2RG-Mediated Signaling
Authors: Tuovinen Elina A. , Pöysti Sakari , Hamdan Firas , Le Kim My , Keskitalo Salla , Turunen Tanja , Minier Léa , Mamia Nanni , Heiskanen Kaarina , Varjosalo Markku , Cerullo Vincenzo , Kere Juha , Seppänen Mikko R. J. , Hänninen Arno , Grönholm Juha 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAbnormally high γδ T cell numbers among individuals with atypical SCID have been reported but detailed immunophenotyping and functional characterization of these expanded γδ T cells are limited. We have previously reported atypical SCID phenotype caused by hypomorphic IL2RG (NM_000206.3) c.172C > T;p.(Pro58Ser) variant. Here, we have further investigated the index patient’s abnormally large γδ T cell population in terms of function and phenotype by studying IL2RG cell surface expression, STAT tyrosine phosphorylation and blast formation in response to interleukin stimulation, immunophenotyping, TCRvγ sequencing, and target cell killing. In contrast to his ⍺β T cells, the patient’s γδ T cells showed normal IL2RG cell surface expression and normal or enhanced IL2RG-mediated signaling. Vδ2 + population was proportionally increased with a preponderance of memory phenotypes and high overall tendency towards perforin expression. The patient’s γδ T cells showed enhanced cytotoxicity towards A549 cancer cells. His TCRvγ repertoire was versatile but sequencing of IL2RG revealed a novel c.534C > A; p.(Phe178Leu) somatic missense variant restricted to γδ T cells. Over time this variant became predominant in γδ T cells, though initially present only in part of them. IL2RG-Pro58Ser/Phe178Leu variant showed higher cell surface expression compared to IL2RG-Pro58Ser variant in stable HEK293 cell lines, suggesting that somatic p.(Phe178Leu) variant may at least partially rescue the pathogenic effect of germline p.(Pro58Ser) variant. In conclusion, our report indicates that expansion of γδ T cells associated with atypical SCID needs further studying and cannot exclusively be deemed as a homeostatic response to low numbers of conventional T cells.
Spectral diversity of photosystem I from flowering plants
Authors: Bos Peter R. , Schiphorst Christo , Kercher Ian , Buis Sieka , de Jong Djanick , Vunderink Igor , Wientjes Emilie 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPhotosystem I and II (PSI and PSII) work together to convert solar energy into chemical energy. Whilst a lot of research has been done to unravel variability of PSII fluorescence in response to biotic and abiotic factors, the contribution of PSI to in vivo fluorescence measurements has often been neglected or considered to be constant. Furthermore, little is known about how the absorption and emission properties of PSI from different plant species differ. In this study, we have isolated PSI from five plant species and compared their characteristics using a combination of optical and biochemical techniques. Differences have been identified in the fluorescence emission spectra and at the protein level, whereas the absorption spectra were virtually the same in all cases. In addition, the emission spectrum of PSI depends on temperature over a physiologically relevant range from 280 to 298 K. Combined, our data show a critical comparison of the absorption and emission properties of PSI from various plant species.
New inequalities for p(n) and $$\log p(n)$$
Authors: Banerjee Koustav , Paule Peter , Radu Cristian-Silviu , Zeng WenHuan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLet p(n) denote the number of partitions of n. A new infinite family of inequalities for p(n) is presented. This generalizes a result by William Chen et al. From this infinite family, another infinite family of inequalities for $$\log p(n)$$

log
p
(
n
)

is derived. As an application of the latter family one, for instance obtains that for $$n\ge 120$$

n
≥
120

, $$\begin{aligned} p(n)^2>\Biggl (1+\frac{\pi }{\sqrt{24}n^{3/2}}-\frac{1}{n^2}\Biggr )p(n-1)p(n+1). \end{aligned}$$

p

(
n
)

2

>

(

1
+

π

24

n

3
/
2

-

1

n
2

)

p

(
n
-
1
)

p

(
n
+
1
)

.