bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polyploidization: Consequences of genome doubling on the evolutionary potential of populations
Authors: Clo Josselin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWhole‐genome duplication is common in plants and is considered to have a broad range of effects on individuals' phenotypes and genomes and to be an important driver of plant adaptation and speciation. Despite their increased capacity to cope with challenging environments, polyploid lineages are generally as prone to extinction, and sometimes more prone, than their diploid progenitors. Although several explanations have been proposed to explain the short‐ and long‐term disadvantages of polyploidy on the survival probability of populations, the consequences of whole‐genome doubling on the heritable variance remain poorly studied. Whole‐genome doubling can have major effects not only on the genetics, but also on the ecology and life history of the populations. Modifications of other properties of populations can reverse the effects of polyploidization per se on heritable variance. In this synthesis, I summarize the empirical and theoretical knowledge about the multifarious consequences of genome doubling on the heritable variance of quantitative traits and on the evolutionary potential of polyploid populations compared to their diploid progenitors. I propose several ways to decipher the consequences of whole‐genome doubling on survival probability and to study the further consequences of shifting the ecological niche and life‐history traits of a population. I also highlight some practical considerations for comparing the heritable variance of a trait among different cytotypes. Such investigations appear to be timely and necessary to understand more about the paradoxical aspects of polyploidization and to understand the evolutionary potential of polyploid lineages in a global warming context.
Sources and consequences of mismatch between leaf disc and whole‐leaf leaf mass per area (LMA)
Authors: Maenpuen Phisamai , Katabuchi Masatoshi , Onoda Yusuke , Zhou Cong , Zhang Jiao‐Lin , Chen Ya‐Jun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPremiseLeaf mass per area (LMA), which is an important functional trait in leaf economic spectrum and plant growth analysis, is measured from leaf discs or whole leaves. Differences between the measurement methods may lead to large differences in the estimates of LMA values.MethodsWe examined to what extent estimates of LMA based on whole leaves match those based on discs using 334 woody species from a wide range of biomes (tropics, subtropics, savanna, and temperate), whether the relationship varied by leaf morphology (tissue density, leaf area, leaf thickness), punch size (0.6‐ and 1.0‐cm diameter), and whether the extent of intraspecifc variation for each species matches.ResultsDisc‐based estimates of species mean LMA matched the whole‐leaf estimates well, and whole‐leaf LMA tended to be 9.69% higher than leaf‐disc LMA. The ratio of whole‐leaf LMA to leaf‐disc LMA was higher for species with higher leaf tissue density and larger leaves, and variance in the ratio was greater for species with lower leaf tissue density and thinner leaves. Estimates based on small leaf discs also inflated the ratio. The extent of the intraspecific variation only weakly matched between whole‐leaf and disc‐based estimates (R2 = 0.08).ConclusionsOur results suggest that simple conversion between whole‐leaf and leaf‐disc LMA is difficult for species obtained with a small leaf punch, but it should be possible for species obtained with a large+ leaf punch. Accurately representing leaf traits will likely require careful selection between leaf‐disc and whole‐leaf traits depending on the objectives. Quantifying intraspecific variation using leaf discs should be also considered with caution.
Phenotypic continuum between POLE‐related recessive disorders: A case report and literature review
Authors: Roberts Maegan E. , Nimrichter Sarah , Marshall Megan L. , Flynn Elizabeth K. , Person Rick , Hruska Kathleen S. , Kruszka Paul , Juusola Jane 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPOLE is a pleiotropic gene with phenotypic expression of pathogenic variants depending on the type of variant, impact on the protein, and mode of inheritance. Heterozygous missense variants located within the exonuclease domain have been shown to result in polymerase proofreading‐associated polyposis (PPAP) which is characterized by an increased risk for colon polyps and colorectal cancer. Biallelic variants resulting in markedly reduced amounts of normal protein have been reported in two separate recessive pediatric syndromes: facial dysmorphism, immunodeficiency, livedo, and short stature as well as intrauterine growth restriction, metaphyseal dysplasia, adrenal hypoplasia congenital, and genital anomalies. Here we report two siblings identified to have POLE c.1686 + 32C > G in trans with POLE p.(Glu709*) via exome sequencing. A detailed review of the reported phenotypes in these two siblings and from available literature revealed that individuals with biallelic POLE pathogenic variants resulting in partial loss‐of‐function present with a similar phenotype: short stature and facial dysmorphism with or without immunodeficiency. These data suggest a phenotypic continuum between the previously reported POLE‐related recessive disorders.
Food availability and male deference in the female‐dominant ring‐tailed lemur, Lemur catta
Authors: Parga Joyce A. , Thurau Emma 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFemale dominance, a trait common to some Malagasy lemurs, has been viewed as an adaptation that decreases intersexual feeding competition. A hypothesized relationship exists between male “deference” (male submission in the absence of female aggression) and food availability. Sauther (1993) suggested that male ring‐tailed lemurs at the Duke Lemur Center (Pereira et al., 1990) show more deference to females than do males in the wild owing to food abundance in captivity. To reexamine the link between food availability and male deference, we studied agonism and foraging in two nonwild ring‐tailed lemur (Lemur catta) populations: the Los Angeles Zoo and St. Catherines Island (SCI). On SCI, we collected data under two feeding conditions: Low Provisions (low food availability) and High Provisions (high food availability). As expected, male deference measures at our study sites were more similar to measures of deference from other studies of L. catta in captivity than in the wild. Additionally, the change at SCI from low to high food availability was associated with increased male deference to females. Interestingly, male proximity to females during foraging at this location did not notably change between the low to high food availability conditions, suggesting that males were food competitors of females just as often under both feeding conditions. The increase in male deference under conditions of high food availability on SCI was due to males withdrawing more rapidly from female approaches during agonistic interactions. Hence, where food is more abundant, male L. catta are more likely to show submission to females, which appears to be a self‐serving means of avoiding female aggression. Lemur males who are well‐fed appear less apt to risk female aggression to obtain resources than more nutritionally stressed males. Our results support the view of female dominance in lemurs as an adaptive evolutionary response to conditions of resource limitation.
Compound specific isotope evidence points to use of freshwater resources as weaning food in Middle Neolithic Paris Basin
Authors: Cheung Christina , Herrscher Estelle , Thomas Aline 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectivesA clear understanding of past weaning practices can provide invaluable insights into social issues such as infant care, fertility rate, and demographic patterns in past societies. This study presents the first archeological research employing compound specific isotope analysis (CSIA) for the reconstruction of past weaning practices.MethodsWeaning practices of two Middle Neolithic communities in the Paris Basin region: Balloy (BLR) and Vignely (VPB), are evaluated by combining previously published bone collagen stable carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur (n = 66) isotope analysis with new compound specific carbon and nitrogen isotope compositions of bone collagen (n = 10).ResultsOur results demonstrate that the diets of individuals from BLR and VPB likely incorporated freshwater resources. The signals of freshwater resources consumption are even stronger among subadults, suggesting that freshwater resources were used as weaning food at these sites.ConclusionsThe implications of our result are threefold. Currently many CSIA studies in archeology only involve either carbon or nitrogen. Our data shows that it is important to conduct CSIA on both carbon and nitrogen for a more integrated picture. Secondly, our data demonstrates that the use of a protein‐based weaning food—instead of a starch‐based weaning food (such as cereal gruel)—was likely more prevalent among the Middle Neolithic communities in the Paris Basin Region than previously thought. The finding thus prompts a rethinking of the role of protein‐based weaning food in other archeological contexts. Lastly, the common assumption that weaning foods and adult diets share similar isotopic compositions can be problematic, as the use of protein‐based, high trophic‐level weaning foods can skew the δ15N weaning curve and produce an erroneously late estimation for weaning ages.
Pincer‐Supported Perfluororhodacyclopentanes: High Nucleophilicity of the M−CF Bond
Authors: Hayashi Shinya , Murayama Toshiki , Kusumoto Shuhei , Nozaki Kyoko 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPerfluororhodacyclopentane supported by PBP pincer ligand PBP‐RhIII(CF2)4 (2) was prepared from PBP‐RhI‐PPh3 (1) and tetrafluoroethylene (TFE). By scXRD analysis, it was revealed that the Rh−CF bond trans to the boryl ligand was largely elongated compared to the one in the apical position. Although M−CF bonds of perfluorometallacyclopentanes are known to be very stable, 2 shows high reactivity toward hydrogenolysis, iodinolysis and protonolysis, thanks to the strong trans‐effect of the highly σ‐donating boryl ligand. Analogous PCP pincer complex PCP−RhIII(CF2)4 (4) showed slower reaction rate both in oxidative cyclization with TFE and hydrogenolysis of Rh−CF bond. Catalytic production of 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4‐octafluorobutane from two TFE and hydrogen in one pot was achieved via repetitive oxidative cyclization of TFE and Rh followed by the hydrogenolysis of Rh−CF bonds. This report demonstrates the possible application of PBP‐pincer skeleton to the preparation of fluorinated compounds from TFE.
Discovery of the Biosynthetic Pathway of Beticolin 1 Reveals a Novel Non‐Heme Iron‐Dependent Oxygenase for Anthraquinone Ring Cleavage
Authors: Hou Xiaodong , Xu Huibin , Deng Zhiwei , Yan Yijun , Yuan Zhenbo , Liu Xuanzhong , Su Zengping , Yang Sai , Zhang Yan , Rao Yijian 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study used light‐mediated comparative transcriptomics to identify the biosynthetic gene cluster of beticolin 1 in Cercospora. It contains an anthraquinone moiety and an unusual halogenated xanthone moiety connected by a bicyclo[3.2.2]nonane. During elucidation of the biosynthetic pathway of beticolin 1, a novel non‐heme iron oxygenase BTG13 responsible for anthraquinone ring cleavage was discovered. More importantly, the discovery of non‐heme iron oxygenase BTG13 is well supported by experimental evidence: (i) crystal structure and the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry revealed that its reactive site is built by an atypical iron ion coordination, where the iron ion is uncommonly coordinated by four histidine residues, an unusual carboxylated‐lysine (Kcx377) and water; (ii) Kcx377 is mediated by His58 and Thr299 to modulate the catalytic activity of BTG13. Therefore, we believed this study updates our knowledge of metalloenzymes.
Circularly Polarized Radioluminescence from Chiral Perovskite Scintillators for Improved X‐ray Imaging
Authors: Li Ming , Wang Yumin , Yang Liangwei , Chai Zhifang , Wang Yaxing , Wang Shuao 
Published: July 2022

AbstractScintillators display radioluminescent properties when irradiated by high‐energy photons and therefore play an essential role in radiation detection. The current inventory of scintillators is overwhelmingly represented by achiral structures, where the radioluminescence propagates isotropically after generation. Herein, we demonstrate that chiral perovskites of (R‐3AP)PbBr3Cl⋅H2O (R‐3APP) and (S‐3AP)PbBr3Cl⋅H2O (S‐3APP) emerge as a new type of scintillator displaying a distinct property of circularly polarized radioluminescence (CPRL). A high quantum yield of 27.6 %, high luminescence dissymmetric factors (glum) of 4×10−2, and high X‐ray absorption coefficients were observed for these compounds. As proof of concept, we fabricated a polarized scintillator pair by assembling chiral scintillator crystals, which provides a new strategy to attenuate optical crosstalk between the scintillators by precisely controlling the radioluminescence propagation and improves the X‐ray imaging quality at the boundary region.
Water sorption, thermal, and fire resistance properties of natural shell‐based epoxy composites
Authors: Zamani Kianoosh , Kocaman Suheyla , Işık Murat , Soydal Ulku , Özmeral Nimet , Ahmetli Gulnare 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this study, walnut shell (WSh), hazelnut shell (HSh), and mussel shell (MSh) waste as inexpensive reinforcements were recycled for the preparation of epoxy composite materials. Subsequent used inexpensive fillers are chars (WShC and HShC), which are the pyrolysis solid products of the natural WSh and HSh wastes. Three types of epoxy resins: bisphenol‐A type (DGEBA), modified with polyurethane (MER with PU), and rubber modified (MER with rubber) epoxy resins were used as the matrix in MSh composites. Thermogravimetric analysis of the composites showed that the thermal strength of the epoxy matrix increased significantly with the MSh and chars. The best water sorption results were obtained with the MSh. The contact angle values of MSh composites prepared with DGEBA epoxy resin were quite high (111°–113.5°) and their water retention values ranged from 0.2% to 0.32%. The composites that were produced using 50 wt% chars and the same epoxy resin showed better flammability stability. The full extinction times were determined as 63 and 58 s for WShC and HShC composites, respectively.
Cu‐Based Organic‐Inorganic Composite Materials for Electrochemical CO2Reduction
Authors: Hou Man , Shi Yong xia , Li Jun jun , Gao Zengqiang , Zhang Zhicheng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractElectrochemical CO2reduction reaction (CO2RR) is an attractive pathway to convert CO2into value‐added chemicals and fuels. Copper (Cu) is the most effective monometallic catalyst for converting CO2into multi‐carbon products, but suffers from high overpotentials and poor selectivity. Therefore, it is essential to design efficient Cu‐based catalyst to improve the selectivity of specific products. Due to the combination of advantages of organic and inorganic composite materials, organic‐inorganic composites exhibit high catalytic performance towards CO2RR, and have been extensively studied. In this review, the research advances of various Cu‐based organic‐inorganic composite materials in CO2RR, i. e., organic molecular modified‐metal Cu composites, Cu‐based molecular catalyst/carbon carrier composites, Cu‐based metal organic framework (MOF) composites, and Cu‐based covalent organic framework (COF) composites are systematically summarized. Particularly, the synthesis strategies of Cu‐based composites, structure‐performance relationship, and catalytic mechanisms are discussed. Finally, the opportunities and challenges of Cu‐based organic‐inorganic composite materials in CO2RR are proposed.
Energiebasierte direkte Berechnung der Bewehrung zur Rissbreitenbegrenzung
Authors: Fehling Ekkehard , Lorenz Paul , Schlicke Dirk 
Published: July 2022

AbstractZur Berechnung der Rissbreiten werden in der Literatur sowie in vielen Normen zum einen Rissabstände und zum anderen mittlere Dehnungen benutzt. Zur Berechnung der Rissabstände muss die mittlere Verbundspannung bekannt sein. Diese wird in vielen Berechnungsansätzen vereinfachend als ein konstanter Wert angenommen. Auf der Grundlage eines realitätsnahen Ansatzes des Schlupfverlaufs s(x) über die Länge haben Tue und König aufgezeigt, wie man die mittlere Verbundspannung abhängig von der Rissbreite bestimmen kann, um die Rissbreitenberechnung zu verbessern. Dieser Beitrag beschreibt einen energiebasierten Ansatz, mit dessen Hilfe für jeden beliebigen Zusammenhang von örtlicher Verbundspannung und Schlupf (Verbundgesetz) die Bewehrung zur Rissbreitenbeschränkung direkt ermittelt werden kann. Der Ansatz wird auf das bekannte Verbundgesetz mit Potenzansatz angewendet und hinsichtlich der Übereinstimmung mit Versuchsergebnissen untersucht. Obwohl mittlere Dehnungen, Rissabstand und mittlere Verbundspannung nicht explizit in den Formeln genutzt werden, ist die Lösung mathematisch exakt im Rahmen des zugrunde gelegten Zusammenhangs von örtlicher Verbundspannung und Schlupf.
α‐Asarone alleviates allergic asthma by stabilizing mast cells through inhibition of ERK/JAK2‐STAT3 pathway
Authors: Bai Haoyun , Xue Zhuoyin , Zhang Wen , Feng Chaohua , Zhou Zhenqi , Hu Shiling , Zhang Yongjing , Qin Qiaohong , Wu Yuanyuan , Sun Xiuzhen , Zhou Yuhan , Wang Nan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAsthma is a heterogeneous disease related to numerous inflammatory cells, among which mast cells play an important role in the early stages of asthma. Therefore, treatment of asthma targeting mast cells is of great research value. α‐Asarone is an important anti‐inflammatory component of the traditional Chinese medicine Acorus calamus L, which has a variety of medicinal values. To investigate whether α‐asarone can alleviate asthma symptoms and its mechanism. In this study, we investigated the effect of α‐asarone on mast cell activation in vivo and in vitro. The release of chemokines or cytokines, AHR (airway hyperresponsiveness), and mast cell activation were examined in a mast cell‐dependent asthma model. Western blot was performed to determine the underlying pathway. α‐Asarone inhibited the degranulation of LAD2 (laboratory allergic disease 2) cells and decreased IL‐8, MCP‐1, histamine, and TNF‐α in vitro. α‐Asarone reduced paw swelling and leakage of Evans blue, as well as serum histamine, CCL2, and TNF‐α in vivo. In the asthma model, α‐asarone showed an inhibitory effect on AHR, inflammation, mast cells activation, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and the release of IL‐5 and IL‐13 in lung tissue. α‐Asarone decreased the levels of phosphorylated JAK2, phosphorylated ERK, and phosphorylated STAT3 induced by C48/80. Our findings suggest that α‐asarone alleviates allergic asthma by inhibiting mast cell activation through the ERK/JAK2‐STAT3 pathway.
Pharmacokinetic study of deufruquintinibs in rats by HPLC–MS/MS after oral administration
Authors: Hu Junfeng , Liu Wei , Wang Ying , Chen Xin , Guo Yanwei , Peng Qianqian , Guo Jian , Zhang Hongqi , Zhang Shizhong , Deng Gaigai 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA sensitive and specific high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method was established to quantitatively determine the pharmacokinetics of fruquintinib (HMPL‐013) and its derivatives [deufruquintinib‐3D (HMPL‐013‐3D), deufruquintinib‐6D (HMPL‐013‐6D) and deufruquintinib‐9D (HMPL‐013‐9D)] in rats. Detection was performed on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer in multiple reaction monitoring mode. The method established in this assay was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of HMPL‐013 and HMPL‐013‐Ds after oral administration. These results showed that HMPL‐013‐Ds had longer half‐life and larger area under the plasma concentration–time curve than HMPL‐013, especially HMPL‐013‐6D, which provides a significant basis for innovative ideas for drug structure transformation to reduce drug administration frequency and dosage.
Analyzing coordination strategy of circular supply chain in re‐commerce industry: A game theoretic approach
Authors: Agrawal Saurabh , Kumar Dharmendra , Singh Rajesh Kumar , Singh Raj Kumar 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe circular economy seeks to reduce waste by reusing, refurbishing, and recycling used products. It increases the resource value of used goods. In this study, we proposed a circular business gap exploiter model in which a re‐commerce company exploits residual value in product systems utilization. A game‐theoretic approach is used to investigate the coordination problem of a two‐echelon circular supply chain with e‐commerce and re‐commerce companies. In addition, we proposed a coordinated structure under the revenue sharing contract and the two‐part tariff contract through Nash negotiation to address the coordination problems. We compared the centralized and decentralized model findings and observed that the decentralized model shows potential for improvement. We showed model's applicability through numerical examples and sensitivity analysis to indicate how parameters such as wholesale price and retail price affect channel decisions and member profits. The results show that a two‐part tariff contract may efficiently coordinate the circular supply chain. The study shows that under a circular business model, two tactics may be applied. These are extending product value and extending resource value.
Manganese Oxide as a Promoter for Copper Catalysts in CO2 and CO Hydrogenation
Authors: Dalebout Remco , Barberis Laura , Visser Nienke L. , van der Hoeven Jessi E. S. , van der Eerden Ad M. J. , Stewart Joseph A. , Meirer Florian , de Jong Krijn P. , de Jongh Petra E. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this work, we discuss the role of manganese oxide as a promoter in Cu catalysts supported on graphitic carbon during hydrogenation of CO2 and CO. MnOx is a selectivity modifier in an H2/CO2 feed and is a highly effective activity promoter in an H2/CO feed. Interestingly, the presence of MnOx suppresses the methanol formation from CO2 (TOF of 0.7 ⋅ 10−3 s−1 at 533 K and 40 bar) and enhances the low‐temperature reverse water‐gas shift reaction (TOF of 5.7 ⋅ 10−3 s−1) with a selectivity to CO of 87 %C. Using time‐resolved XAS at high temperatures and pressures, we find significant absorption of CO2 to the MnO, which is reversed if CO2 is removed from the feed. This work reveals fundamental differences in the promoting effect of MnOx and ZnOx and contributes to a better understanding of the role of reducible oxide promoters in Cu‐based hydrogenation catalysts.
A Stable Alkylated Cobalt Catalyst for Photocatalytic H2 Generation in Liposomes
Authors: Klein David M. , Passerini Leonardo , Huber Martina , Bonnet Sylvestre 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPhotocatalytic proton reduction is a promising way to produce dihydrogen (H2) in a clean and sustainable manner, and mimicking nature by immobilising proton reduction catalysts and photosensitisers on liposomes is an attractive approach for biomimetic solar fuel production in aqueous solvents. Current photocatalytic proton reduction systems on liposomes are, however, limited by the stability of the catalyst. To overcome this problem, a new alkylated cobalt(II) polypyridyl complex (CoC12) was synthesised and immobilised on the lipid bilayer of liposomes, and its performance was studied in a photocatalytic system containing an alkylated ruthenium photosensitiser (RuC12) and a 1 : 1 mixture of sodium ascorbate and tris‐2‐carboxyethylphosphine hydrochloride as sacrificial electron donors. Several parameters (concentration of CoC12 and RuC12, pH, membrane composition) were changed to optimise the turnover number for H2 production. Overall, CoC12 was found to be photostable and the optimised turnover number (161) was limited only by the decomposition of the ruthenium‐based photosensitiser.