bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Update on Medically Compromised Patients for Oral Surgery: The Bleeders and the Non-healers
Authors: Woolcombe Sarah , Taylor Talli , Renton Tara 
Published: March 2022

Coagulation and wound healing following oral surgery procedures involve a number of intricate steps. The disturbance of normal physiological processes can be influenced by local and systemic factors that affect post-operative bleeding and healing of the surgical site. This article provides an update on medical conditions and medications, to aid identification of susceptible individuals, and describes the appropriate management of patients presenting with post-operative bleeding or a non-healing socket.CPD/Clinical Relevance: An understanding of post-operative bleeding and non-healing helps to prevent their occurrence and assists with optimal management when they do present.
Laser-induced schliere anemometry in a Mach 6 flow with collinear light entry
Authors: Chism James R. , Gragston Mark , Hagen Ben , Leicht Jason , Riley Zachary B. 
Published: March 2022

In this work, we demonstrate velocity, Mach number, and static temperature measurements in a Mach 6 flow using the recently developed laser-induced schliere anemometry (LISA) technique. To our best knowledge, this represents the first application of LISA for characterizing flow in the hypersonic Mach number regime, and a comparison with known tunnel values is provided. The laser-induced schliere in this work are written from a distance of roughly 76 cm away from the final lens, much further than in previous work. Furthermore, the schliere are created from a laser beam introduced parallel to the collimated schlieren light, which is a new arrangement that could be useful for facilities with limited optical access. A discussion of setup limitations is provided. The mean core flow velocity determined from LISA is within 1% of the expected value from isentropic theory, while the mean Mach number measurements are within 1.6% of the

M
=
5.85

value used in literature for the facility. Furthermore, the determined mean static temperature of the core flow is within 2.5% of the value measured simultaneously in the facility.
Fast path planning algorithm for large-aperture aspheric optical
elements based on minimum object depth and a self-optimized overlap
coefficient
Authors: Wang Fanyi , Yang Yongying , Lou Weiming 
Published: March 2022

In the procedure of surface defects detection of large-aperture aspheric optical elements, it is necessary to scan the surface of the element to achieve full coverage inspection. Since the curvature of the aspherical element is constantly changing from the center to the edge, it is of great difficulty to carry out efficient path planning. In addition, the machine vision system is a microscopic system with limited depth of field, and the sub-aperture imaging of aspherical elements has a visual depth along the object side. When the object depth is greater than the depth of field, out-of-focus blur will generate, so the object depth needs to be as small as possible. In response to these problems, this paper proposes a fast path planning algorithm based on the minimum object depth of a sub-aperture. To ensure minimum object depth, the machine vision system collects images along the normal direction of the sub-aperture plane. To address the problem of the surface curvatures of aspheric elements being different and the overlap coefficient difficult to determine, this paper proposes an image processing based overlap coefficient self-optimization algorithm. When scanning with full coverage of elements, there is only one connected domain in the horizontal projection image of all sub-apertures. According to this premise, the overlap coefficient is optimized through an image processing method to obtain a local optimal path planning strategy. According to the obtained path planning strategy, combining the component parameters and mechanical structure, the mapping matrix of the path planning algorithm transplanted to the detection system is calculated. Through computer programming, automatic sub-aperture acquisition is realized, and the self-edited sub-aperture stitching program is applied to reconstruct the collected sub-apertures. Our algorithm can complete path planning within 5 s, and the experimental results show that the maximum stitching misalignment error of the collected sub-apertures is no more than four pixels, and the average is one pixel. The reconstruction accuracy satisfies the needs of subsequent image processing and digital quantization.
Reconfigurable and spectrally switchable perfect absorber based on a
phase-change material
Authors: Prakash S Ram , Kumar Rajesh , Mitra Anirban 
Published: March 2022

In this paper, we propose a lithography-free spectrally tunable prefect absorber based
on an asymmetric Fabry–Perot cavity using

G
e

2

S
b

2

T
e

5

(GST), a phase-change material, as
the cavity layer. The proposed device shows a maximum absorption of
99.7% at 1550 nm, at a particular angle of incidence and polarization
when the phase of GST is in the amorphous state. The absorption
spectrum is spectrally switched to longer wavelength when the phase of
GST is transformed from amorphous to crystalline. The tuning range is
about 866 nm, and the maximum absorption is maintained above 99% in
the whole tuning range. The crystallinity ratio of GST is varied by
applying voltage pulses of different amplitudes and durations. The
electrothermal cosimulations show that the phase change is obtained in
the whole GST layer. Furthermore, by reamorphization of GST, the
absorption spectrum can be switched back, enabling a reconfigurable
perfect absorber. This work shows a viable path toward achieving a
tunable perfect absorber covering a 1550 nm communication wavelength
window as well as an emerging optical communication window around 2 µm
wavelength.
Knowledge of Lassa fever, its prevention and control practices and their predictors among healthcare workers during an outbreak in Northern Nigeria: A multi-centre cross-sectional assessment
Authors: Wada Yusuf Hassan , Ogunyinka Ibrahim Abayomi , Yusuff Kazeem Babatunde , Ochu Chinwe Lucia , Yahaya Mohammed , Khalid Garba Mohammed , Mutalub Yahkub Babatunde , Adeniye Sulaiman Badmus 
Published: March 2022

Background
The year 2020 Lassa fever (LF) outbreak had the greatest disease burden and this can place an enormous strain on the already overstretched healthcare system and can potentially increase morbidity and mortality due to infectious diseases.
Therefore, having a knowledgeable healthcare workforce with appropriate skills and competencies to prevent and manage outbreaks of a neglected infectious disease such as LF in Nigeria will potentially enhance public health. Thus, this survey assessed the level of knowledge of LF and its prevention and control (PC) measures amongst the healthcare workers (HCWs) during a LF outbreak in Katsina state, Nigeria.

Methodology/Principal findings
During this cross-sectional survey, HCWs complete a validated 29-item questionnaire comprising 18 items on the knowledge of LF and its PC measures and an item on global self-evaluation of their LF knowledge. Psychometric properties of the questionnaire were evaluated. Chi-square and binary logistic regression analyses were conducted.
Out of 435 HCWs invited, a total of 400 participated in the study (92% response rate). The majority of participants (51.8%) demonstrated inadequate LF knowledge, with 62.9% of those scoring low having a high self-perception of their LF knowledge with the global scale. This LF knowledge over-estimation was predicted by LF training status (odds ratio (OR) 2.53; 95% CI: 1.49–4.30; p = 0.001). The level of LF knowledge and its PC measures among the study participants was low (11.60±8.14, 64.4%) and predicted by participants’ LF training status (OR 2.06; 95% CI: 1.19–3.57; p = 0.009), place of work (OR 1.82; 95% CI: 1.07–3.08; p = 0.03) and their designations (OR 2.40; 95% CI: 1.10–5.22; p = 0.03).

Conclusion
The level of knowledge of LF and its PC measures among the HCWs surveyed was suboptimal and participants’ LF training status, place of work and occupational category were the significant predictors. In addition, LF knowledge overestimation on a global scale was observed among a majority of HCWs and this was also predicted by LF training status. Therefore, there is a critical need for health authorities in Nigeria to prioritize continuous on-the-job training of HCWs on priority neglected tropical diseases such as Lassa fever.
Reasons for non-attendance to cervical cancer screening and acceptability of HPV self-sampling among Bruneian women: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Chaw Liling , Lee Shirley H. F. , Ja’afar Nurul Iffah Hazwani , Lim Edwin , Sharbawi Roslin 
Published: March 2022

Objective
Uptake for cervical cancer screening remains well below the 80% target as recommended by Brunei’s National Cervical Cancer Prevention and Control plan. We conducted a pilot study to determine the reasons for non-attendance and explore their acceptance of human papillomavirus (HPV) self-sampling as an alternative to the Pap test.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted at a primary healthcare center in Brunei, from January to December 2019. We recruited screening non-attendees, defined as women who were eligible for Pap test but who either never, or did not have one within the recommended screening interval of 3 years. This recruitment was done conveniently among women attending outpatient care and/or child health services at the primary healthcare center. Participants were first asked to complete a self-administered paper-based questionnaire on their reasons for screening non-attendance, and then invited for HPV self-sampling. Among those who agreed to participate in HPV self-sampling, they were asked to complete a second questionnaire on the self-sampling procedure and their samples were tested for high-risk HPV (hr-HPV). Results were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.

Result
We enrolled 174 screening non-attendees, out of which 97 (55.7%) also participated in HPV self-sampling. The main reasons for not attending Pap test screening were fear of bad results (16.1%, n = 28); embarrassment (14.9%, n = 26) and lack of time due to home commitments (10.3%, n = 18). When compared to those who agreed to participate in HPV self-sampling, those who declined were significantly older (p = 0.002) and less likely to agree that they are susceptible to cervical cancer (p = 0.023). They preferred to receive Pap test-related information from healthcare workers (59.0%, n = 155), social messaging platforms (28.7%, n = 51) and social media (26.4%, n = 47). HPV self-sampling kits were positively received among the 97 participants, where > 90% agreed on its ease and convenience. Nine (9.3%) tested positive for hr-HPV, out of which eight were non-16/18 HPV genotypes.

Conclusion
Our findings suggest that promoting awareness on cervical cancer, clarifying any misconceptions of Pap test results, and highlighting that the disease is preventable and that early detection through screening can facilitate successful treatment would help increase screening uptake among Bruneian non-attendees. Response to HPV self-sampling was highly positive, suggesting the possibility of implementing this strategy in the local setting. Our high detection of non-16/18 HPV genotypes suggest high prevalence of other hr-HPV genotypes in Brunei. Larger studies should be conducted to further validate our findings.
Serum albumin and FT3/FT4 ratio as additional co-morbidity parameters to predict mortality as a new approach: The Haseki Scoring Index (updated Charlson Comorbidity Index)
Authors: Cavusoglu Turker Betul , Turker Fatih , Ahbab Suleyman , Hoca Emre , Tahmaz Meryem , Ataoğlu Hayriye Esra 
Published: March 2022

Background
Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) is the common and valid method to predict mortality by classifying comorbidities such as cardiovascular, metabolic, renal, hepatic, pulmonary diseases, and malignancy. Novel risk factors are not included in the Charlson Comorbidity Index, such as thyroid hormone index (FT3/FT4 ratio) and serum albumin levels. In the present study, we aimed to assess whether the thyroid hormone index and albumin are useful clinical parameters in short and long-term mortality.

Methods
In the retrospective cohort study with a 5 year follow up, the data of 1292 patients who were hospitalized between January 1st–June 30th of 2014 were examined. Three months mortality as short term and 5-year mortality as long term were evaluated.

Results
Three months and 5 years mortality rates for 1064 patients were analyzed. We showed that hypoalbuminemia and thyroid hormone index had statistically significant effects on short and long-term mortality. According to ROC analysis it was demonstrated that the scoring system including biochemical parameters such as thyroid hormone index and serum albumin level was more significant for 3-month mortality. In addition, both scoring systems are equal in demonstrating long-term mortality.

Conclusion
Thyroid hormone index and albumin could improve the prognostic performance of the original Charlson Comorbidity Index in short term mortality. The combined score may offer improvements in comorbidity summarization over existing scores.
Neonatal mortality in two districts in Indonesia: Findings from Neonatal Verbal and Social Autopsy (VASA)
Authors: Deviany Poppy E. , Setel Philip W. , Kalter Henry D. , Anggondowati Trisari , Martini Martini , Nandiaty Fitri , Latief Kamaluddin , Weaver Emily H. , Rianty Tika , Achadi Anhari , Wahyuni Sri , Setyaningtyas Stefania W. , Haryana Nila R. , Mehrain Luna M. , Achadi Endang L. 
Published: March 2022

Background
The Government of Indonesia is determined to follow global commitments to reduce the neonatal mortality rate. Yet, there is a paucity of information on contributing factors and causes of neonatal deaths, particularly at the sub-national level. This study describes care-seeking during neonates’ fatal illnesses and their causes of death.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional community-based study to identify all neonatal deaths in Serang and Jember Districts, Indonesia. Follow-up interviews were conducted with the families of deceased neonates using an adapted verbal and social autopsy instrument. Cause of death was determined using the InSilicoVA algorithm.

Results
The main causes of death of 259 neonates were prematurity (44%) and intrapartum-related events (IPRE)-mainly birth asphyxia (39%). About 83% and 74% of the 259 neonates were born and died at a health facility, respectively; 79% died within the first week after birth. Of 70 neonates whose fatal illness began at home, 59 (84%) sought care during the fatal illness. Forty-eight of those 59 neonates went to a formal care provider; 36 of those 48 neonates (75%) were moderately or severely ill when the family decided to seek care. One hundred fifteen of 189 neonates (61%) whose fatal illnesses began at health facilities were born at a hospital. Among those 115, only 24 (21%) left the hospital alive–of whom 16 (67%) were referred by the hospital.

Conclusions
The high proportion of deaths due to prematurity and IPRE suggests the need for improved management of small and asphyxiated newborns. The moderate to severe condition of neonates at the time when care was sought from home highlights the importance of early illness recognition and appropriate management for sick neonates. Among deceased neonates whose fatal illness began at their delivery hospital, the high proportion of referrals may indicate issues with hospital capability, capacity, and/or cost.
Atlas de otoscopia para estudiantes
Authors: Batuecas-Caletrío Ángel , Santa Cruz Ruiz Santiago , Pardal-Refoyo José Luis 
Published: March 2022

La otoscopia es un procedimiento exploratorio fundamental en la práctica médica. No sólo es importante para los otorrinolaringólogos, también lo es para los médicos de atención primaria y para los pediatras. Por ello es necesario adquirir las competencias necesarias para su correcta realización e interpretación. En este atlas de otoscopia se han recogido los conceptos más importantes para tener en cuenta en la realización de una otoscopia, las características de una otoscopia normal y las patologías más frecuentes e importantes. Los resultados esperables con la consulta de este atlas son el mejor aprovechamiento de las prácticas de simulación, así como disponer de una herramienta de consulta en la preparación de la prueba del ECOE (Examen Clínico Objetivo Estructurado).
En este atlas de otoscopia se han recogido los conceptos más importantes a tener en cuenta en la realización de una otoscopia, las características de una otoscopia normal y las patologías más frecuentes e importantes.
Los resultados esperables con la consulta de este atlas son el mejor aprovechamiento de la prácticas de simulación así como disponer de una herramienta de consulta en la preparación de la prueba del ECOE (Examen Clínico Objetivo Estructurado).
Extremism in a classroom: topics discussed and Estonian teachers' experiences and self-reflective choices
Authors: Maiberg Heidi , Kilp Alar 
Published: March 2022

Violent acts motivated by extreme interpretations of ideologies (right-wing, left-wing, religions, etc.) catch a lot of attention and cause serious deep emotions such as fear, hate, uncertainty, support polarization of society, and stigmatization of certain people, things, and societal groups. However, little attention has been given to how educators have addressed issues of violent radicalisation, extremism and terrorism with their students. According to Vallinkoski et al., 2021 as schools are one of the primary settings where most children spend their time, educators are needed to help children foster these (critical media reading and interpreting skills) skills to support students in understanding the reasons behind and aftermath of extremist events.
This article gives overview of the results of a pilot study focusing on Estonian educators' experiences with discussing and tackling extremism in a classroom. The study examines educators' experiences in discussing topics related to extremism with students and colleagues and an overview of topics that students have raised. It also answers whether educators self-censorship themselves in discussing topics related to extremism and if so, what are the reasons for doing that. The study's questionnaire is created based on a similar study conducted in Finland by Vallinkoski, Koirikivi and Malkki (2021) with the permission of the authors and with adaptions for the Estonian context. The study results show that Estonian teachers discuss the extremism-related context in classroom by their and students' initiative. While doing it, they face difficulties in defining 'extremism', understanding how to interpret the students reactions and ideas, and when to contact further counterparts.
Bangla and the identity of the heritage language teacher
Authors: Afreen Asma , Norton Bonny 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Research on language teacher identity in the field of heritage language (HL) teaching has received little attention, although identity is a central concern in HL education. Our research seeks to address this gap in the research on language teacher identity. Drawing on the Darvin and Norton’s (2015) conceptual framework of identity and investment, we investigate the extent to which Bangla HL teachers are invested in teaching Bangla, and how their investment provides insight into their identity as heritage language teachers. The study was conducted at the community-based Vancouver Bangla School, and the data, which focuses on our focal participant, Mili, were drawn from a year-long qualitative case study. Data sources include participant classroom observations, field notes, interview transcripts, a questionnaire, and educational resources used in the class, which were analyzed using thematic analysis. Findings indicate that Mili’s investment in teaching Bangla was deeply rooted in her ideological belief in the importance of HL maintenance for cultural continuity. However, she was also interested in the transcultural relationship between Bangla and English, and between Bangladeshi culture and Canadian culture. Her investment in teaching Bangla as a heritage language suggests that an HL teacher may serve as a cultural mentor, collaborator, innovator, and active community member. As a member of both the Canadian and Bangladeshi cultural community, she valued students’ Canadian cultural practices and helped students in negotiating their new transcultural identities as Bangladeshi-Canadians. Our study suggests that the identity of the HL teacher could be expressed as a transcultural identity that resists binaries and embraces hybridity.
Crescent shaped slot loaded antenna sensor with tri-band notched for cancer detection
Authors: Thakur Shivkant , Mishra Rajan , Soni Sanjay Kumar , Rao Praveen Kumar 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this work, a unique tri-band notch and multiband UWB antenna sensor has been designed for microwave sensing system to find out the cancerous tissues. The crescent shaped slot loaded antenna has been designed to avoid interferences between the antennas in UWB ranges. Using notches, the antenna sensitivity increases for detection. The proposed method has been verified through simulation and validated using measurements. S11 plot of the proposed antenna shows three notches at 3 GHz, 4.75 GHz and 7.25 GHz. It also shows four bands and omnidirectional radiation pattern over the UWB frequency range. Ground plane has been chosen to be hexagonal to achieve fourth band. I-shaped and U-shaped parasitics improve the antenna performance in third band. Crescent shaped and C-shaped slots improve the performance of first and second band of the antenna respectively. Additionally, phantom without tumors and with single and multiple tumors are fabricated. S-parameter analysis is a better approach to detect the cancerous tissues in the breast. Concept of principal component analysis of statistical machine learning has also been used to distinguish S-parameter of normal breast phantom from malignant breast phantom.
Comparative constructions in Tafi
Authors: Bobuafor Mercy 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper describes the constructions and strategies available in Tafi, a KA-Ghana-Togo-Mountain language, for indicating relations of similarity, equality or superiority among two or more entities or events with respect to a property. Drawing on typological studies of comparison, I demonstrate that Tafi’s dedicated comparative constructions, that is, equivalents of English sentences likeThe pig is more dirty than the duckinvolve serial verb construction (SVC) subtypes. For superiority, theparameter(or property, ‘dirty’) of the comparison is expressed by the V1 in the SVC while V2 is the ‘exceed’ verb. For equality, theparameteris the V1 and the V2 is the ‘be.equal’ verb. The V2s in these SVCs co-lexicalise both themark(e.g. ‘than’) andindex(e.g. ‘more’) of the comparison. The paper discusses the contact-driven influences from areal grammar and from Ewe, the dominant lingua franca for Tafi speakers, on the linguistic expression of comparison. The ‘exceed’ comparative structure found in African languages has been attributed to areal grammaticalisation. I further argue that the operator verbsɔ/sɔ̃‘be.equal’ in the Tafi equality SVC is borrowed from Ewe. Similarity constructions involve the semblativenâsí. Similarity is also signalled through the verbyi‘resemble’. I also explore the ordinal verbbhusó‘do.first’ as a lexical comparative. Furthermore, I argue that Tafi, like many other Kwa languages, does not formally code a superlative. Superlative readings are inferred from the context and from non-dedicated linguistic indicators such as intensifiers.