bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do zombie firms crowd out healthy firms and slow their growth? Evidence from China
Authors: Guo Xiaohan , Ye Jianliang , Su Wunhong , Luo Deming , Jin Xiangrong 
Published: January 2022

SummaryMotivationTo prevent job losses, firms facing insolvency in China may be kept running by bank credit, even though they show few signs of returning to profit. These loss‐making firms are termed “zombies”.PurposeDoes keeping zombie firms operating block access to credit for financially healthy firms, thereby slowing their growth, and consequently the number of jobs they might create? We analyse the effect of zombie firms within a postal zone—a sub‐division of the county—on the growth of employment in non‐zombie firms in the same zone.Methods and approachZombie firms are identified as those that have been unprofitable for at least two successive years, and that have a high and rising ratio of liabilities to assets. Data come from China’s industrial enterprise database for 1998–2008 and 2011–2013, gathered from manufacturing, extractive industry, and utilities enterprises with annual sales of more than RMB 5 million (RMB 20 million for 2011 and beyond). It covers between 83,000 and 217,000 firms for the years examined. We use regression to examine the relationship between the presence of zombie firms and employment growth in healthy firms. We test the robustness of the analysis.FindingsBetween 1999 and 2013 the share of firms in the database classified as zombies fell from almost 10% to under 3%. Regression analysis shows that the presence of zombies in the same postal code does indeed slow the growth of employment in healthy firms. This effect is stronger for private firms, small firms, and those located in central China. Results are robust when considering start‐up firms, analysing relations at county level, and checking for endogeneity. We show that the most likely mechanism that slows the growth of healthy firms is being crowded out of credit markets by banks that allocate their limited credit to keep zombies operating.Policy implicationsWhile it is tempting for government to pressure banks to keep zombie firms operating, thereby avoiding them shutting down with loss of jobs, the cost is high in slowing the growth of financially healthy firms.Banks should offer credit based on expected returns and risk, rather than keeping insolvent firms going. Local and national government should take note that protecting zombie firms has medium‐ and long‐term costs in lost growth of employment.
Behavioural intervention in medication overuse headache: A concealed double‐blind randomized controlled trial
Authors: Pijpers Judith A. , Kies Dennis A. , van Zwet Erik W. , Rosendaal Frits R. , Terwindt Gisela M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeMedication overuse headache is a prevalent disorder, with a strong biobehavioural component. Hence, behavioural interventions might effectuate reduction of the overused medication. We assessed in a double‐blind manner the efficacy of a behavioural intervention during medication withdrawal therapy.MethodsIn this concealed, double‐blind, randomized controlled trial in medication overuse headache, conducted at the Leiden University Medical Centre, we compared the effect of maximal versus minimal behavioural intervention by a headache nurse during withdrawal therapy. Maximal intervention consisted of an intensive contact schedule, comprising education, motivational interviewing, and value‐based activity planning during 12 weeks of withdrawal therapy. Minimal intervention consisted of a short contact only. Patients were unaware of the existence of these treatment arms, as the trial was concealed in another trial investigating botulinum toxin A. Endpoints were successful withdrawal and monthly days of acute medication use after the withdrawal period.ResultsWe enrolled 179 patients (90 maximal, 89 minimal intervention). At Week 12, most patients achieved withdrawal in both groups (82/90 [93%] maximal intervention vs. 75/89 [86%] minimal intervention, odds ratio = 2.44, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.83–7.23, p = 0.107). At Week 24, patients in the maximal intervention group had fewer medication days (mean difference = −2.23, 95% CI = −3.76 to −0.70, p = 0.005). This difference receded over time. Change in monthly migraine days did not differ between groups (−6.75 vs. −6.22).ConclusionsThis trial suggests modest benefit of behavioural intervention by a headache nurse during withdrawal therapy for medication overuse headache, to reduce acute medication use during and shortly after intervention, but extension seems warranted for a prolonged effect
Emerging Ideas: The near invisibility of Native Americans and their families within the flagship journals of family science
Authors: Gavazzi Stephen M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the family science literature's focus on Native Americans and their families through articles published in the flagship journals of the National Council on Family Relations.BackgroundHistorically, Native Americans and their families have been underrepresented in the social sciences literature. Scholars have attributed this near invisibility to shifting census categories, underrepresentation in samples, and residence in more rural geographic areas. Combined with elements of systematic and structural racism and other forms of oppression, the continued representation of Native American populations as an “asterisk” in scholarship contributes to their ongoing marginalization as a people.MethodA literature search of all published issues of the three flagship journals published by the National Council on Family Relations—Journal of Marriage and the Family, Family Relations, and Journal of Family Theory and Review—was conducted using the terms “Native American,” “American Indian,” and “Indigenous.” Articles identified using those search terms subsequently were placed into three categories: (a) articles that focused specifically on Native Americans, (b) articles that included Native Americans in a substantive but not exclusive manner, and (c) articles that mentioned Native Americans only as part of the demographics of a study or cited other literature in the reference section.ResultsOf more than 10,000 scholarly works published in the three flagship journals by the end of 2020, only 28 total articles (one third of 1%) included any mention of American Indians, Native Americans, or Indigenous Peoples. Of these identified publications, six articles were classified as scholarly works that focused specifically on Native Americans and their families, five articles that included substantive but not exclusive mention of Native American issues, and an additional 17 articles made some more minor mention of Native Americans in the body of the text or reference section.ConclusionFamily science theorists, researchers, and practitioners must redouble their efforts to focus on the lives and experiences of Native Americans and their families. Similarly, the editors and editorial boards of NCFR's flagship journals should create publication opportunities that underscore the notion that Native Americans and their families do matter.ImplicationsThese findings have implications for family scholars who are committed generally to diversity and inclusion in their work, as well as anyone working with Native Americans and their families more specifically.
Resisting public monitoring in authoritarian regimes: Evidence from local environmental litigation in China
Authors: Zhu Xiao , Qiu Taotao , Liu Dongshu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCivic activism is increasingly popular for authoritarian regimes to ensure local compliance and improve local governance, but it also places pressure on local officials. How do local officials respond to such pressures? With a unique dataset of city‐level environmental investigations and public interest litigation in China, we conduct a generalized difference‐in‐difference analysis and find that public interest litigation, a new legal channel for social actors to monitor environmental governance, can significantly reduce information disclosure related to investigations. Furthermore, it changes the focus of investigations: the number of low‐profile investigations is increased, while the number of high‐profile cases is decreased. This finding reveals how local officials avoid public monitoring by reducing information disclosure but maintaining a certain level of enforcement, which implies that the effect of civic engagement on the accountability of local governments in authoritarian regimes is dynamic with the coevolution of strategies of local officials and civil societies.
Can government venture capital guidance funds promote urban innovation? Evidence from China
Authors: Yang Siying , Ma Shunyu , Lu Jingjing 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDue to externalities and market failure, innovation activities are facing insufficient investment. Venture capital guidance funds (VCGFs) are an important policy implemented by China's government to guide private capital to participate in innovation and entrepreneurship activities, and it can have an important impact on scientific and technological innovation. Based on the panel data of 285 cities in China, this paper empirically analyzed the impact of VCGFs on innovation and its mechanism. VCGFs can significantly promote urban innovation and this role is sustained for three years following VCGF establishment. Further research shows that VCGFs do not have a direct impact on innovation but promote innovation by promoting the accumulation of innovative talent and capital, and the capital accumulation effect of VCGFs is the main path through which they promote urban innovation. Corruption is also a factor that restricts the effectiveness of an innovation policy. Thus, China's top‐down anticorruption campaigns can strengthen the ability of VCGFs to promote urban innovation. This paper opens the black box to show the mechanism through which VCGFs impact urban innovation, affirms the important role of the government in the regional innovation system, and clarifies the debate on government innovation policy.
Measuring BMI change among children and adolescents
Authors: Freedman David S. , Goodwin Davies Amy J. , Phan Thao‐Ly Tam , Cole F. Sessions , Pajor Nathan , Rao Suchitra , Eneli Ihuoma , Kompaniyets Lyudmyla , Lange Samantha J. , Christakis Dimitri A. , Forrest Christopher B. 
Published: January 2022

SummaryBackgroundWeight control programs for children monitor BMI changes using BMI z‐scores that adjust BMI for the sex and age of the child. It is, however, uncertain if BMIz is the best metric for assessing BMI change.ObjectiveTo identify which of 6 BMI metrics is optimal for assessing change. We considered a metric to be optimal if its short‐term variability was consistent across the entire BMI distribution.Subjects285 643 2‐ to 17‐year‐olds with BMI measured 3 times over a 10‐ to 14‐month period.MethodsWe summarized each metric's variability using the within‐child standard deviation.ResultsMost metrics' initial or mean value correlated with short‐term variability (|r| ~ 0.3 to 0.5). The metric for which the within‐child variability was largely independent (r = 0.13) of the metric's initial or mean value was the percentage of the 50th expressed on a log scale. However, changes in this metric between the first and last visits were highly (r ≥ 0.97) correlated with changes in %95th and %50th.ConclusionsLog %50 was the metric for which the short‐term variability was largely independent of a child's BMI. Changes in log %50th, %95th, and %50th are strongly correlated.
Postbiotics as potential promising tools for SARS-CoV-2 disease adjuvant therapy
Authors: Khani Nader , Abedi Soleimani Roya , Noorkhajavi Ghasem , Abedi Soleimani Azar , Abbasi Amin , Homayouni Rad Aziz 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic defines the global health tension of our time. There are several continuous efforts to find a definitive cure in this regard. According to some adverse effects and problems of customary SARS-CoV-2 disease therapies, bioactive compounds, for example probiotics-derived metabolites (postbiotics) have been accomplishing supreme importance by investigators for adjuvant cures in patients with SARS-CoV-2. Postbiotics inhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 activity and stimulate the immune system. They also boost the SARS-CoV-2 disease treatment effectiveness and reduce its adverse effects in SARS-CoV-2 illness patients as a result of antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects. Furthermore, postbiotics having unique features such as high safety, high shelf life and stability to the gastrointestinal tract can be utilized as hopeful instruments for both adjuvant and inhibition strategies in SARS-CoV-2 patients with no earnest unfavourable adverse effects. The concept of postbiotics and their biocompatible characteristics are comprehensively discussed in the present review while highlighting the bilateral relationship between postbiotic biometabolites and respiratory tract infection with a special look at the potential biological role in the inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 and reduction of related inflammatory pathways.
Genetic prediction of ICU hospitalization and mortality in COVID‐19 patients using artificial neural networks
Authors: Asteris Panagiotis G. , Gavriilaki Eleni , Touloumenidou Tasoula , Koravou Evaggelia‐Evdoxia , Koutra Maria , Papayanni Penelope Georgia , Pouleres Alexandros , Karali Vassiliki , Lemonis Minas E. , Mamou Anna , Skentou Athanasia D. , Papalexandri Apostolia , Varelas Christos , Chatzopoulou Fani , Chatzidimitriou Maria , Chatzidimitriou Dimitrios , Veleni Anastasia , Rapti Evdoxia , Kioumis Ioannis , Kaimakamis Evaggelos , Bitzani Milly , Boumpas Dimitrios , Tsantes Argyris , Sotiropoulos Damianos , Papadopoulou Anastasia , Kalantzis Ioannis G. , Vallianatou Lydia A. , Armaghani Danial J. , Cavaleri Liborio , Gandomi Amir H. , Hajihassani Mohsen , Hasanipanah Mahdi , Koopialipoor Mohammadreza , Lourenço Paulo B. , Samui Pijush , Zhou Jian , Sakellari Ioanna , Valsami Serena , Politou Marianna , Kokoris Styliani , Anagnostopoulos Achilles 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThere is an unmet need of models for early prediction of morbidity and mortality of Coronavirus disease‐19 (COVID‐19). We aimed to a) identify complement‐related genetic variants associated with the clinical outcomes of ICU hospitalization and death, b) develop an artificial neural network (ANN) predicting these outcomes and c) validate whether complement‐related variants are associated with an impaired complement phenotype. We prospectively recruited consecutive adult patients of Caucasian origin, hospitalized due to COVID‐19. Through targeted next‐generation sequencing, we identified variants in complement factor H/CFH, CFB, CFH‐related, CFD, CD55, C3, C5, CFI, CD46, thrombomodulin/THBD, and A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase with Thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS13). Among 381 variants in 133 patients, we identified 5 critical variants associated with severe COVID‐19: rs2547438 (C3), rs2250656 (C3), rs1042580 (THBD), rs800292 (CFH) and rs414628 (CFHR1). Using age, gender and presence or absence of each variant, we developed an ANN predicting morbidity and mortality in 89.47% of the examined population. Furthermore, THBD and C3a levels were significantly increased in severe COVID‐19 patients and those harbouring relevant variants. Thus, we reveal for the first time an ANN accurately predicting ICU hospitalization and death in COVID‐19 patients, based on genetic variants in complement genes, age and gender. Importantly, we confirm that genetic dysregulation is associated with impaired complement phenotype.
Insider–Outsider Labor Markets, Hysteresis, and Monetary Policy
Authors: GALÍ JORDI 
Published: January 2022

AbstractI develop a version of the New Keynesian model with insider–outsider labor markets and hysteresis that can account for the high persistence of European unemployment. I study the implications of that environment for the design of monetary policy. The optimal policy calls for strong emphasis on (un)employment stabilization which a standard interest rate rule fails to deliver, with the gap between the two increasing in the degree of hysteresis. Two simple targeting rules are shown to approximate well the optimal policy. The properties of the model and effects of different policies are analyzed through the lens of the labor wedge and its components.
Activation of Annexin A2 signaling at the blood–brain barrier in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Tezuka Kenta , Suzuki Masayoshi , Sato Risa , Kawarada Shohei , Terasaki Tetsuya , Uchida Yasuo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBlood–brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction is a fundamental cause of multiple sclerosis and identifying the molecules that are responsible is an urgent matter. Protein expression was comprehensively quantified at the BBB of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice, a model of multiple sclerosis, using the SWATH method. Concerning tight junction molecules, the level of expression of Claudin‐5, which, in a previous immunohistochemical analysis, was confirmed to be down‐regulated by EAE, remained unchanged, but the expression of Claudin‐11 and Occludin was decreased by 0.69‐ and 0.62‐fold, respectively, in brain capillaries isolated from EAE mice. A number of other cell–cell junctional molecules including ESAM, CADM1, CADM2, CADM3, CADM4, and HEPACAM were also down‐regulated. The levels of expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1), which directly mediate the infiltration of lymphocytes across the BBB, were increased in EAE mice by 3.3‐ and 2.6‐fold, respectively. The expression of CXADR, which possibly facilitates the adhesion of migrating cells, was also increased by 3.5‐fold. Interestingly, various members of the Annexin A (ANXA) family were also up‐regulated in brain capillaries that were isolated from EAE mice. In a pathway associated with cell infiltration and tight junction disruption, a series of molecules that are involved in ANXA2 signaling (ANXA2, PTP1B, Ahnak, S100A11, CD44, Kindlin2, Integrin α5, Fibronectin, Fibrinogen) were up‐regulated. ANXA2 is selectively and abundantly expressed in endothelial cells in the brain. The daily administration of an ANXA2 inhibitor (LCKLSL peptide) significantly suppressed the development of EAE in mice. In summary, the activation of ANXA2 signaling at the BBB appear to play an important role in the pathogenesis of EAE.
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Topical formulation containing peptides and vitamin C in ampoules improves skin aging signs: Results of a large, international, observational study
Authors: Akulinina Iuliia , Stefanaki Irene , Pavlíčková Elizabeth , Maiolino Monica , Hajduk Soňa , Sápy Mónika , Mertin Birgitt , Rijo Helena , Tekeli Ömür , Valois Audrey , Delva Catherine , Kerob Delphine 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionPeptide‐C ampoules (PC) contain peptides, 10% of vitamin C, hyaluronic acid, and Vichy volcanic mineralizing water.AimsTo assess the effectiveness and tolerability of PC.Patients and MethodsAn observational study conducted in 9 countries in women ≥30 years old with signs of facial skin aging (grade >0 for forehead and/or crow's feet wrinkles and bothered by skin quality). Investigator assessments and subject questionnaires were performed at initial visit and Day 30 after application of PC twice daily for 28 days. Tolerance was assessed throughout the study.ResultsEffectiveness and safety were analyzed in 1382 and 1742 subjects, respectively. Most subjects (mean age 48.5 ± 8.6 years) had skin phototype II or III (91.7%) and dry or combination skin (63.9%). PC was used as a standalone care or prior to a planned procedure (70%), or after a procedure (30%).Between baseline and Day 30, 63% and 64% of all subjects (N = 1360) had an improvement in forehead wrinkles and crow's feet wrinkles, respectively. Skin hydration improved in 67.3% of subjects. According to investigator and subject assessments, skin quality, skin radiance, skin aging signs, wrinkles, complexion, and skin pores significantly improved by Day 30. Similar results were observed for subgroup analyses when PC was used as standalone skin care or after a procedure. Tolerance of PC was rated as good to very good by 97.7% of subjects.ConclusionsPeptide‐C ampoules is effective in reducing visible signs of skin aging, and well tolerated, when used alone or as an adjunct to anti‐aging procedures.
Topical hydrogen peroxide solution 40% in treatment of plane wart
Authors: Nouh Eman Ahmed Rashed , Obaid Zakaria Mahran , Aboelwafa Hany Othman 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere are various available therapies for plane warts; however, no specific therapy has been established as entirely effective.ObjectiveThe aim of work was to assess the effectiveness and safety of topically hydrogen peroxide (HP) 40% solution in treating the plane warts.Subjects and methodsThe study included 30 patients diagnosed clinically as plane warts. Topical HP 40% was applied with a single‐use wood end of a cotton swab soaked with the solution to minimize filtration of effective drug to the surrounding areas. Duration of the treatment was planned to be 4 sessions for each lesion with 2‐week interval and a 3‐month follow‐up period after treatment completion to detect any recurrence.ResultsComplete clearance of plane warts was observed in 27 (90%), and there was no recurrence of the lesions after a 3‐month follow‐up period.ConclusionHP solution especially the 40% concentration may be considered a promising line of treatment for non‐genital warts. It is a very effective, safe, cheap, and easy‐to‐use new topical treatment for non‐genital warts.
2021 SSSR Presidential Address: Religion as Social Location—Global and Comparative Perspectives
Authors: Kurien Prema 
Published: January 2022

AbstractI argue that scholarship in the social scientific study of religion and its paradigms continue to be focused on the United States and Christianity, particularly on white U.S. Christians. This means that theoretical frameworks in the field tend to be limited and “parochial,” largely ignoring non‐U.S., non‐white, and non‐Christian contexts. I call for scholars to develop a global and comparative perspective on religion and to also examine its impacts on other dimensions of social life. To show how this can be done, I outline an argument about religion as social location, drawing from my research on five religious traditions (Hinduism, Christianity, Islam, Sikhism, and Buddhism) in three countries (India, the United States, and Canada). I demonstrate how religious background can shape social and structural location within societies and globally, in turn, affecting the manifestations of religion and how religion is imbricated with other dimensions of social life.
A long road: Patterns and prospects for social equity, diversity, and inclusion in public administration
Authors: McCandless Sean , Bishu Sebawit G. , Gómez Hernández Melissa , Paredes Eraso Érika , Sabharwal Meghna , Santis Esteban Leonardo , Yates Sophie 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPublic Administration, the field's oldest journal, is now 100 years old. Despite this centenary, it has only been relatively recently that scholars have examined questions of: (1) how diverse, equitable, and inclusive the field is; (2) how oppressive administrative structures marginalize groups; and (3) what principles of diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) mean globally. We seek to contribute to this conversation by reflecting on what is currently known about answers to these questions, especially from global perspectives. We do this by presenting five purposively selected vignettes, each on some dimension of DEI. We frame and analyze these vignettes using Gooden's “name, blame, and claim” framework. Reflections are offered regarding how the field can better center and achieve DEI.