bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rudra Kavi and the Mughal Elite: A Codicological Reappraisal
Authors: PRAKASH PRANAV 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis essay offers a codicological analysis of three manuscripts—Bühler 70a (Ms. 7089), Bühler 70b (Ms. 7304) and Bühler 70c (Ms. 7303)—of the British Library, which contain some panegyrics composed by Rudra Kavi (fl. 1570s–1650s). Based on a critical appraisal of handwriting, colophons, watermark and other textual attributes, this essay shows that the three Bühler manuscripts constitute a composite volume of an incomplete anthology of Rudra's panegyric poems. Furthermore, it corroborates how deftly and faithfully all three manuscripts were copied by just one scribe sometime between 1840 and 1880. His exemplar, however, was a draft edition of a few unfinished panegyrics that the poet had been composing simultaneously in praise of some prominent members of the Mughal elite. These findings about the material production and reception history of the Bühler manuscripts illuminate both the craft of an adept scribe and the creative imaginings of a court-poet. For want of a rigorous codicological analysis, previous scholarship has held the scribe responsible for the ‘fragmentary’ and ‘corrupt’ condition of these manuscripts and applauded the Brahmin poet for his literary prowess. This essay distances itself from such unwarranted privileging of a court-poet and marginalisation of a skilled scribe. Instead, it seeks codicological and textual evidence in determining the roles played by poets and scribes in the production of literary manuscripts. This essay ultimately reaffirms the value of codicological reflections in the fields of South Asian historiography and literary studies.
Pandemic Pressures in Universities and their Libraries: a View from Australia
Authors: Tucker Kay , Batagol Becky 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has heavily impacted Australian universities and their libraries but has been felt most strongly by students and staff who are already marginalised. This article, written by Kay Tucker and Becky Batagol, draws upon both published literature and the authors’ own experiences as a librarian and academic employed at Monash University, Australia's largest university. Important lessons from the pandemic for universities and university libraries at times of crisis and disaster include: actively recognising and responding to structural inequalities amongst students and staff; organising services so that all can participate to their fullest ability; providing students with opportunities for social connection, enhanced digital capabilities, safe and inclusive spaces and accessible materials; as well as flexible employment practices.
The Story of LawCare: Mental Health and Wellbeing in the Legal Community Past, Present and Future
Authors: Jackson Mary B 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis article explores how and why LawCare came into being. LawCare is the only charity dedicated to promoting and supporting good mental health and wellbeing across the legal community in the UK. The charity started in 1997 to help solicitors with alcohol problems, but has developed over the years and now supports all legal professionals in the UK, Channel Islands and Isle of Man with any mental health and wellbeing issues. This article by Mary Jackson is based on a presentation she gave at the BIALL Online Annual Conference held in June 2021.
Optimal investment strategy for a DC pension fund plan in a finite horizon time: an optimal stochastic control approach
Authors: Vahabi Saman , Payandeh Najafabadi Amir T. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper obtains an optimal strategy in a finite horizon time for a portfolio of a defined contribution (DC) pension fund for an investor with the CRRA utility function. It employs the optimal stochastic control method in a financial market with two different asset markets, one risk-free and another one risky asset in which its jump follows either by a finite or infinite activity Lévy process. Sensitivity of jump parameters in an uncertainty financial market has been studied.
Spatio‐Temporal Changes in Extreme Rainfall Events Over Different Indian River Basins
Authors: Chaubey Pawan K. , Mall R. K. , Jaiswal Rohit , Payra Swagata 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDuring recent decades, India experienced more frequent and severe floods due to increasing extreme rainfall events over different Indian River Basins (IRBs). The present study uses Generalized Extreme Value distribution, Expert Team on Climate Change and Detection Indices, and Standardized Precipitation Index to examine the trend in extreme rainfall events over the IRBs using long‐term observed high‐resolution gridded rainfall data (1901‐2019) obtained from India Meteorological Department. The analysis depicts a marked shifting trend in extreme rainfall events from northeastern Indian river basins toward the western Indian river basins during the recent decades of 1981‐2019. The spatial variations in the annual maximum rainfall for the 10‐, 30‐, and 100‐year return levels show statistically significant increasing trends over the IRBs. The observed decadal changes of rainfall during wet and dry conditions showed the shifting and increasing (15%–58.74%) pattern in extreme rainfall events during the last decades of the 20th and current twenty first century over the west‐flowing river basins. This research highlights the significant increasing trend in extreme rainfall events, which may pose a grave risk to agriculture, human life, and infrastructure, predominantly on the vulnerable sections of the society.
Dynamics of the North American Plate: Large‐Scale Driving Mechanism From Far‐Field Slabs and the Interpretation of Shallow Negative Seismic Anomalies
Authors: Liu Shangxin , King Scott D. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWith a small fraction of marginal subduction zones, the driving mechanism for the North American plate motion is in debate. We construct global mantle flow models simultaneously constrained by geoid and plate motions to investigate the driving forces for the North American plate motion. By comparing the model with only near‐field subducting slabs and that with global subducting slabs, we find that the contribution to the motion of the North American plate from the near‐field Aleutian, central American, and Caribbean slabs is small. In contrast, other far‐field slabs, primarily the major segments around western Pacific subduction margins, provide the dominant large‐scale driving forces for the North American plate motion. The coupling between far‐field slabs and the North American plate suggests a new form of active plate interactions within the global self‐organizing plate tectonic system. We further evaluate the extremely slow seismic velocity anomalies associated with the shallow partial melt around the southwestern North America. Interpreting these negative seismic shear‐velocity anomalies as purely thermal origin generates considerably excessive resistance to the North American plate motion. A significantly reduced velocity‐to‐density scaling for these negative seismic shear‐velocity anomalies must be incorporated into the construction of the buoyancy field to predict the North American plate motion. We also examine the importance of lower mantle buoyancy including the ancient descending Kula‐Farallon plates and the active upwelling below the Pacific margin of the North American plate. Lower mantle buoyancy primarily affects the amplitudes, as opposed to the patterns of both North American and global plate motions.
Implications of Mitigating Ozone and Fine Particulate Matter Pollution in the Guangdong‐Hong Kong‐Macau Greater Bay Area of China Using a Regional‐To‐Local Coupling Model
Authors: Zhang Xuguo , Stocker Jenny , Johnson Kate , Fung Yik Him , Yao Teng , Hood Christina , Carruthers David , Fung Jimmy C. H. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractUltrahigh‐resolution air quality models that resolve sharp gradients of pollutant concentrations benefit the assessment of human health impacts. Mitigating fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations over the past decade has triggered ozone (O3) deterioration in China. Effective control of both pollutants remains poorly understood from an ultrahigh‐resolution perspective. We propose a regional‐to‐local model suitable for quantitatively mitigating pollution pathways at various resolutions. Sensitivity scenarios for controlling nitrogen oxide (NOx) and volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions are explored, focusing on traffic and industrial sectors. The results show that concurrent controls on both sectors lead to reductions of 17%, 5%, and 47% in NOx, PM2.5, and VOC emissions, respectively. The reduced traffic scenario leads to reduced NO2 and PM2.5 but increased O3 concentrations in urban areas. Guangzhou is located in a VOC‐limited O3 formation regime, and traffic is a key factor in controlling NOx and O3. The reduced industrial VOC scenario leads to reduced O3 concentrations throughout the mitigation domain. The maximum decrease in median hourly NO2 is >11 μg/m³, and the maximum increase in the median daily maximum 8‐hr rolling O3 is >10 μg/m³ for the reduced traffic scenario. When controls on both sectors are applied, the O3 increase reduces to <7 μg/m³. The daily averaged PM2.5 decreases by <2 μg/m³ for the reduced traffic scenario and varies little for the reduced industrial VOC scenario. An O3 episode analysis of the dual‐control scenario leads to O3 decreases of up to 15 μg/m³ (8‐hr metric) and 25 μg/m³ (1‐hr metric) in rural areas.
Neuronal NR4A1 deficiency drives complement-coordinated synaptic stripping by microglia in a mouse model of lupus
Authors: Han Xiaojuan , Xu Tianshu , Ding Congzhu , Wang Dandan , Yao Genhong , Chen Hongwei , Fang Qijun , Hu Gang , Sun Lingyun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNeuropsychiatric lupus (NPSLE) is a frequent manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) that occurs in 40–90% of SLE patients; however, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive, causing a severe lack of therapeutic targets for this condition. Here, we show that complement-coordinated elimination of synapses participated in NPSLE in MRL/lpr mice, a lupus-prone murine model. We demonstrated that lupus mice developed increased anxiety-like behaviors and persistent phagocytic microglial reactivation before overt peripheral lupus pathology. In the lupus brain, C1q was increased and localized at synaptic terminals, causing the apposition of phagocytic microglia and ensuing synaptic engulfment. We further determined that neuronal Nr4a1 signaling was essential for attracting C1q synaptic deposition and subsequent microglia-mediated synaptic elimination. Minocycline-mediated deactivation of microglia, antibody blockade of C1q, or neuronal restoration of Nr4a1 protected lupus mice from synapse loss and NP manifestations. Our findings revealed an active role of neurons in coordinating microglia-mediated synaptic loss and highlighted neuronal Nr4a1 and C1q as critical components amenable to therapeutic intervention in NPSLE.
Fabrication of Comb-type self-oscillating gels by atom transfer radical polymerization for controlling autonomous swelling/deswelling behavior
Authors: Lee Won Seok , Enomoto Takafumi , Akimoto Aya Mizutani , Yoshida Ryo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this study, we show the controlled self-oscillation behavior (i.e., the normalized amplitude, swelling rate, and deswelling rate) of self-oscillating gels by introducing grafted chains. The grafted chain was introduced to the base gel network by the “grafting from” method and atom-transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). We demonstrated that the properties of the grafted chain, including the monomer composition and length of the chain, can lead to notable self-oscillation behavior. The strategy in this study can pave the way for realizing the desirable operational functions of biomimetic actuators.
Pathogenic variant of RBM20 in a multiplex family with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Inagaki Natsuko , Hayashi Takeharu , Takei Yasuyoshi , Kosuge Hisanori , Suzuki Shinji , Tanimoto Kousuke , Chikamori Taishiro , Kimura Akinori 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRBM20 is a disease-causing gene associated with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). The proband presented with the dilated phase of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), and the mother also suffered from HCM. A missense variant of RBM20, p.Arg636His, previously reported as pathogenic in several families with DCM, was found in both the proband and the mother. Therefore, RBM20 p.Arg636His could be the causative variant for this familial HCM, and RBM20 might be a novel causative gene for HCM.
PyUUL provides an interface between biological structures and deep learning algorithms
Authors: Orlando Gabriele , Raimondi Daniele , Duran-Romaña Ramon , Moreau Yves , Schymkowitz Joost , Rousseau Frederic 
Published: February 2022

AbstractStructural bioinformatics suffers from the lack of interfaces connecting biological structures and machine learning methods, making the application of modern neural network architectures impractical. This negatively affects the development of structure-based bioinformatics methods, causing a bottleneck in biological research. Here we present PyUUL (https://pyuul.readthedocs.io/), a library to translate biological structures into 3D tensors, allowing an out-of-the-box application of state-of-the-art deep learning algorithms. The library converts biological macromolecules to data structures typical of computer vision, such as voxels and point clouds, for which extensive machine learning research has been performed. Moreover, PyUUL allows an out-of-the box GPU and sparse calculation. Finally, we demonstrate how PyUUL can be used by researchers to address some typical bioinformatics problems, such as structure recognition and docking.
The emergence of macroscopic currents in photoconductive sampling of optical fields
Authors: Schötz Johannes , Maliakkal Ancyline , Blöchl Johannes , Zimin Dmitry , Wang Zilong , Rosenberger Philipp , Alharbi Meshaal , Azzeer Abdallah M. , Weidman Matthew , Yakovlev Vladislav S. , Bergues Boris , Kling Matthias F. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPhotoconductive field sampling enables petahertz-domain optoelectronic applications that advance our understanding of light-matter interaction. Despite the growing importance of ultrafast photoconductive measurements, a rigorous model for connecting the microscopic electron dynamics to the macroscopic external signal is lacking. This has caused conflicting interpretations about the origin of macroscopic currents. Here, we present systematic experimental studies on the signal formation in gas-phase photoconductive sampling. Our theoretical model, based on the Ramo–Shockley-theorem, overcomes the previously introduced artificial separation into dipole and current contributions. Extensive numerical particle-in-cell-type simulations permit a quantitative comparison with experimental results and help to identify the roles of electron-neutral scattering and mean-field charge interactions. The results show that the heuristic models utilized so far are valid only in a limited range and are affected by macroscopic effects. Our approach can aid in the design of more sensitive and more efficient photoconductive devices.
Abrupt emissions reductions during COVID-19 contributed to record summer rainfall in China
Authors: Yang Yang , Ren Lili , Wu Mingxuan , Wang Hailong , Song Fengfei , Leung L. Ruby , Hao Xin , Li Jiandong , Chen Lei , Li Huimin , Zeng Liangying , Zhou Yang , Wang Pinya , Liao Hong , Wang Jing , Zhou Zhen-Qiang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRecord rainfall and severe flooding struck eastern China in the summer of 2020. The extreme summer rainfall occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic, which started in China in early 2020 and spread rapidly across the globe. By disrupting human activities, substantial reductions in anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases and aerosols might have affected regional precipitation in many ways. Here, we investigate such connections and show that the abrupt emissions reductions during the pandemic strengthened the summer atmospheric convection over eastern China, resulting in a positive sea level pressure anomaly over northwestern Pacific Ocean. The latter enhanced moisture convergence to eastern China and further intensified rainfall in that region. Modeling experiments show that the reduction in aerosols had a stronger impact on precipitation than the decrease of greenhouse gases did. We conclude that through abrupt emissions reductions, the COVID-19 pandemic contributed importantly to the 2020 extreme summer rainfall in eastern China.
Genome binning of viral entities from bulk metagenomics data
Authors: Johansen Joachim , Plichta Damian R. , Nissen Jakob Nybo , Jespersen Marie Louise , Shah Shiraz A. , Deng Ling , Stokholm Jakob , Bisgaard Hans , Nielsen Dennis Sandris , Sørensen Søren J. , Rasmussen Simon 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDespite the accelerating number of uncultivated virus sequences discovered in metagenomics and their apparent importance for health and disease, the human gut virome and its interactions with bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract are not well understood. This is partly due to a paucity of whole-virome datasets and limitations in current approaches for identifying viral sequences in metagenomics data. Here, combining a deep-learning based metagenomics binning algorithm with paired metagenome and metavirome datasets, we develop Phages from Metagenomics Binning (PHAMB), an approach that allows the binning of thousands of viral genomes directly from bulk metagenomics data, while simultaneously enabling clustering of viral genomes into accurate taxonomic viral populations. When applied on the Human Microbiome Project 2 (HMP2) dataset, PHAMB recovered 6,077 high-quality genomes from 1,024 viral populations, and identified viral-microbial host interactions. PHAMB can be advantageously applied to existing and future metagenomes to illuminate viral ecological dynamics with other microbiome constituents.
The insect somatostatin pathway gates vitellogenesis progression during reproductive maturation and the post-mating response
Authors: Zhang Chen , Kim Anmo J. , Rivera-Perez Crisalesandra , Noriega Fernando G. , Kim Young-Joon 
Published: February 2022

AbstractVitellogenesis (yolk accumulation) begins upon eclosion and continues through the process of sexual maturation. Upon reaching sexual maturity, vitellogenesis is placed on hold until it is induced again by mating. However, the mechanisms that gate vitellogenesis in response to developmental and reproductive signals remain unclear. Here, we have identified the neuropeptide allatostatin-C (AstC)-producing neurons that gate both the initiation of vitellogenesis that occurs post-eclosion and its re-initiation post-mating. During sexual maturation, the AstC neurons receive excitatory inputs from Sex Peptide Abdominal Ganglion (SAG) neurons. In mature virgin females, high sustained activity of SAG neurons shuts off vitellogenesis via continuous activation of the AstC neurons. Upon mating, however, Sex Peptide inhibits SAG neurons, leading to deactivation of the AstC neurons. As a result, this permits both JH biosynthesis and the progression of vitellogenesis in mated females. Our work has uncovered a central neural circuit that gates the progression of oogenesis.
ATF-4 and hydrogen sulfide signalling mediate longevity in response to inhibition of translation or mTORC1
Authors: Statzer Cyril , Meng Jin , Venz Richard , Bland Monet , Robida-Stubbs Stacey , Patel Krina , Petrovic Dunja , Emsley Raffaella , Liu Pengpeng , Morantte Ianessa , Haynes Cole , Mair William B. , Longchamp Alban , Filipovic Milos R. , Blackwell T. Keith , Ewald Collin Y. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractInhibition of the master growth regulator mTORC1 (mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1) slows ageing across phyla, in part by reducing protein synthesis. Various stresses globally suppress protein synthesis through the integrated stress response (ISR), resulting in preferential translation of the transcription factor ATF-4. Here we show inC. elegansthat inhibition of translation or mTORC1 increases ATF-4 expression, and that ATF-4 mediates longevity under these conditions independently of ISR signalling. ATF-4 promotes longevity by activating canonical anti-ageing mechanisms, but also by elevating expression of the transsulfuration enzyme CTH-2 to increase hydrogen sulfide (H2S) production. This H2S boost increases protein persulfidation, a protective modification of redox-reactive cysteines. The ATF-4/CTH-2/H2S pathway also mediates longevity and increased stress resistance from mTORC1 suppression. Increasing H2S levels, or enhancing mechanisms that H2S influences through persulfidation, may represent promising strategies for mobilising therapeutic benefits of the ISR, translation suppression, or mTORC1 inhibition.
Fast microwave heating-based one-step synthesis of DNA and RNA modified gold nanoparticles
Authors: Huang Mengqi , Xiong Erhu , Wang Yan , Hu Menglu , Yue Huahua , Tian Tian , Zhu Debin , Liu Hong , Zhou Xiaoming 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDNA/RNA-gold nanoparticle (DNA/RNA-AuNP) nanoprobes have been widely employed for nanobiotechnology applications. Here, we discover that both thiolated and non-thiolated DNA/RNA can be efficiently attached to AuNPs to achieve high-stable spherical nucleic acid (SNA) within minutes under a domestic microwave (MW)-assisted heating-dry circumstance. Further studies show that for non-thiolated DNA/RNA the conjugation is poly (T/U) tag dependent. Spectroscopy, test strip hybridization, and loading counting experiments indicate that low-affinity poly (T/U) tag mediates the formation of a standing-up conformation, which is distributed in the outer layer of SNA structure. In further application studies, CRISPR/Cas9-sgRNA (136 bp), SARS-CoV-2 RNA fragment (1278 bp), and rolling circle amplification (RCA) DNA products (over 1000 bp) can be successfully attached on AuNPs, which overcomes the routine methods in long-chain nucleic acid-AuNP conjugation, exhibiting great promise in biosensing and nucleic acids delivery applications. Current heating-dry strategy has improved traditional DNA/RNA-AuNP conjugation methods in simplicity, rapidity, cost, and universality.
Revisiting the NASA surface tension driven convection experiments
Authors: Sequeira Yohan , Maitra Abhradeep , Pandey Anupam , Jung Sunghwan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMarangoni effect plays an important role in many industrial applications where a surface tension gradient induces fluid flow, e.g., the cleaning process of silicon wafers and the welding process of melted metal. Surface tension gradient can also be caused by a spatially varying temperature field which, in the absence of gravity, is solely responsible for driving a large scale convective flow. NASA STDC-1 (Surface Tension Driven Convection) experiments performed on USML-1 Spacelab missions in 1992 were designed to study thermocapillary flows in microgravity. Since then these experiments have become a benchmark in thermocapillary studies in the absence of gravity. However, interpretation of results of the original STDC-1 experiments remains challenging due to the low resolution of the available data. Analysis of the velocity field in those experiments was limited to a single tracking method without systematic and comparative studies. In the present study, we utilize multiple state-of-the-art Particle Image Velocimetry and Particle Tracking Velocimetry tools to extract the flow field from NASA STDCE-1 videos and compare the experimental data to the numerical results from COMSOL Multiphysics® v5.6. Finally, we discuss how our findings of temperature-driven Marangoni flow in the microgravity setting can improve future experiments and analysis.