bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Notfallsituationen und Krankenhauszuweisungen in Pflegeeinrichtungen – ein Scoping-Review zu Begleitumständen und versorgungsrelevanten Maßnahmen
Authors: Bretschneider Carsten , Poeck Juliane , Freytag Antje , Günther Andreas , Schneider Nils , Schwabe Sven , Bleidorn Jutta 
Published: May 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Pflegeheimbewohner:innen werden häufiger hospitalisiert als nicht institutionalisierte Gleichaltrige. Eine Vielzahl an Rettungsdiensteinsätzen und Krankenhauszuweisungen wird als potenziell vermeidbar eingeordnet.

Ziele der Arbeit
Zuweisungsbegünstigende Begleitumstände bei Notfallsituationen in Pflegeeinrichtungen sowie Ansätze zur Reduktion von Krankenhauszuweisungen sollen identifiziert werden, um die Komplexität der Versorgungsprozesse und Handlungsperspektiven aufzuzeigen.

Material und Methoden
Scoping-Review mit Analyse aktueller Original- und Übersichtsarbeiten (2015–2020) in den Datenbanken PubMed, CINAHL sowie per Handsuche.

Ergebnisse
Aus 2486 identifizierten Studien wurden 302 Studien eingeschlossen. Verletzungen, Frakturen, kardiovaskuläre und respiratorische Erkrankungen sowie Infektionskrankheiten sind die häufigsten retrospektiv erfassten Diagnosegruppen. Hinsichtlich der einweisungsbegünstigenden Umstände konnten verschiedene Aspekte identifiziert werden: bewohnerbezogene (z. B. Multimorbidität, fehlende Patientenverfügungen), einrichtungsbezogene (u. a. Personalfluktuation, Unsicherheiten), arztbezogene (z. B. mangelnde Erreichbarkeit, erschwerter Zugang zu Fachärzt:innen) und systembedingte (z. B. eingeschränkte Möglichkeiten zur Diagnostik und Behandlung in Einrichtungen). Verschiedene Ansätze zur Verminderung von Krankenhauszuweisungen sind in Erprobung.

Diskussion
Vielfältige Begleitumstände beeinflussen das Vorgehen in Notfallsituationen in Pflegeeinrichtungen. Interventionen zur Reduktion von Krankenhauszuweisungen adressieren daher u. a. die Stärkung der Kompetenz des Pflegepersonals, die interprofessionelle Kommunikation und systemische Ansätze. Ein umfassendes Verständnis der komplexen Versorgungsprozesse ist die wesentliche Grundlage für die Entwicklung und Implementierung effektiver Interventionen.
Gegenwartsmoment, Transformationsprozess und Deutungstechnik
Authors: Plassmann Reinhard 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungDie moderne Emotionsforschung hat es ermöglicht, die Organisation seelischer Wachstums- und Transformationsprozesse und infolgedessen auch die Behandlungstechnik an vielen Stellen neu zu konzipieren. Die Arbeit fasst zunächst die Position der traditionellen und der modernen Emotionsforschung zusammen und beschreibt dann, wie auf dieser Basis ein neues Verständnis möglich wird, wie sich das Selbst in einem von Emotionen organisierten Prozess bildet und sich lebenslang im Selbstprozess weiterentwickelt. Hierfür wird der Begriff der Selbst-Emotion eingeführt. Der zweite Teil der Arbeit stellt dar, wie und auf welchen Wegen Emotionen im Gegenwartsmoment der Stunde zugänglich werden, wie unregulierte Emotionen seelische Störungen hervorrufen, und welche Deutungstechniken (Prozessdeutungen, Plassmann 2016a) sich in der klinischen Arbeit mit dem emotionalen Kern von Erkrankungen bewähren.
Untersuchungen zu Baufeldspannweiten in geklüftetem Gebirge
Authors: Brandner Nikolaus 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungBestehende Berechnungsmodelle zur Abschätzung von Baufeldspannweiten im untertägigen Bergbau sind zumeist für bestimmte Gebirgssituationen ausgelegt. Für den Gebirgstypus, der hinsichtlich seines Verhaltens zwischen dem massiven und geklüfteten Gebirge liegt, sind bestehende Berechnungsansätze nur bedingt anwendbar. Es wird daher ein numerisches Balkenmodell erstellt, welches Aufschlüsse über mögliche Baufeldspannweiten für diesen Gebirgstypus geben soll. Eine grundlegende Parameterstudie soll aufzeigen, wie und wie schwerwiegend sich einzelne Einflussparameter auf die Baufeldstabilität und das Bruchverhalten auswirken. Hierfür werden Balkendruckversuche simuliert, wobei die Materialparameter, Trennflächenparameter sowie die Geometrie variiert und untersucht werden.
Geometrically nonlinear analysis and vibration of in-plane-loaded variable angle tow composite plates and shells
Authors: Pagani A. , Azzara R. , Carrera E. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis work intends to present a novel numerical approach for studying the vibration behaviours of variable angle tow (VAT) composite structures in their quasi-static nonlinear equilibrium states. This methodology is able to predict the buckling load, to investigate the natural frequencies variation for progressively higher loads, and to provide a means for verifying experimental Vibration Correlation Technique results. The use of VAT composites, in which the fibre orientations are allowed to vary along with a curvilinear pattern within each lamina, dramatically increases the design space and provides a significant improvement in buckling performance and benefits in the postbuckling regime. This study has been performed using an innovative methodology based on the well-established Carrera Unified Formulation able to describe several kinematic models for two-dimensional structures. In detail, layerwise theories are employed to characterize the complex phenomena that may appear in VAT composite structures. All Green-Lagrange strain components are employed because far nonlinear regimes are investigated. Furthermore, the geometrical nonlinear equations are written in a total Lagrangian framework and solved with an opportune Newton–Raphson method along with a path-following approach based on the arc-length constraint. Different VAT composite structures have been analyzed to validate the proposed approach and provide some benchmark solutions. The computed equilibrium paths are compared with results obtained using the commercial code ABAQUS. The results document the good accuracy and reliability of the presented methodology and show this numerical tool’s potentialities.
A rank subdivision of equivalent score for enhancing neuropsychological test norms
Authors: Facchin Alessio , Rizzi Ezia , Vezzoli Michela 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Neuropsychological assessment of cognitive functioning is a crucial part of clinical care: diagnosis, treatment planning, treatment evaluation, research, and prediction of long-term outcomes. The Equivalent Score (ES) method is used to score numerous neuropsychological tests. The ES0 and the ES4 are defined respectively by the outer tolerance limit and the median. The intermediate ESs are commonly calculated using a z-score approach even when the distribution of neuropsychological data is typically non-parametric. To calculate more accurate ESs, we propose that the intermediate ESs need to be calculated based on a non-parametric rank subdivision of the distribution of the adjusted scores.

Material and methods
We make three simulations to explain the differences between the classical z-score approach, the rank-based approach, and the direct subdivision of the dependent variable.

Results
The results show that the rank procedure permits dividing the region between ES0 and ES4 into three areas with the same density. The z-score procedure is quite similar to the direct subdivision of the dependent variable and different from the rank subdivision.

Conclusions
By subdividing intermediate ESs using the rank-subdivision, neuropsychological tests can be scored more accurately, also considering that the two essential points for diagnosis (ES = 0 and ES = 4) remain the same. Future normative data definition should consider the best procedure for scoring with ES.
The association between bed occupancy rates and hospital quality in the English National Health Service
Authors: Bosque-Mercader Laia , Siciliani Luigi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe study whether hospitals that exhibit systematically higher bed occupancy rates are associated with lower quality in England over 2010/11–2017/18. We develop an economic conceptual framework to guide our empirical analysis and run regressions to inform possible policy interventions. First, we run a pooled OLS regression to test if high bed occupancy is associated with, and therefore acts as a signal of, lower quality, which could trigger additional regulation. Second, we test whether this association is explained by exogenous demand–supply factors such as potential demand, and unavoidable costs. Third, we include determinants of bed occupancy (beds, length of stay, and volume) that might be associated with quality directly, rather than indirectly through bed occupancy. Last, we use a within-between random-effects specification to decompose these associations into those due to variations in characteristics between hospitals and variations within hospitals. We find that bed occupancy rates are positively associated with overall and surgical mortality, negatively associated with patient-reported health gains, but not associated with other indicators. These results are robust to controlling for demand–supply shifters, beds, and volume. The associations reduce by 12%-25% after controlling for length of stay in most cases and are explained by variations in bed occupancy between hospitals.
Individual characteristics of students in vocational education moderating the relationship between school engagement and vocational identity
Authors: Keijzer Rineke , van Schooten Erik , van der Rijst Roeland , Admiraal Wilfried 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn any country, there is a group of students who are at risk of dropping out of school without any qualifications. This is detrimental for many of those students, because failure to graduate increases risks of unemployment and societal exclusion. To reduce this risk, specialized curricula aim to prepare these students for their working life by fostering the development of a vocational identity, that is, how they define themselves as workers. As a prerequisite to achieving this goal, students need to attend school and feel engaged with school. The curricula seek ways to stimulate emotional school engagement, taking into account the heterogeneous target group of students they serve. To address potential consequences of individual differences, this questionnaire study (N=996) conducted in the Netherlands explored how various individual characteristics of students in these specialized curricula moderated the relationship between emotional school engagement and vocational identity. Results show that stronger school engagement always coincided with a stronger vocational identity; however, the strength of the relationship varied. Stimulating emotional school engagement was specifically important for the subgroups of students who are young, less agreeable, less motivated, and less resilient. In order to foster the vocational identity of their students, the specialized curricula are recommended to draw nuanced conclusions and formulate refined strategies to effectively respond to the heterogeneous group of students who are at risk of dropping out.
Spatial and temporal variations in interspecific interaction: impact of a recreational landscape
Authors: Marion Solène , Demšar Urška , Davies Althea L. , Stephens Philip A. , Irvine R. Justin , Long Jed A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAnthropogenic activities, such as outdoor recreation, have the potential to change complex interactions between wildlife and livestock, with further consequences for the management of both animals, the environment, and disease transmission. We present the interaction amongst wildlife, livestock, and outdoor recreationists as a three-way interaction. Little is known about how recreational activities alter the interaction between herbivores in areas extensively used for recreational purposes. We investigate how hiking activity affects spatio-temporal co-occurrence between domestic sheep (Ovis aries) and red deer (Cervus elaphus). We used camera traps to capture the spatio-temporal distribution of red deer and sheep and used the distance from the hiking path as a proxy of hiking activity. We used generalized linear models to investigate the spatial distribution of sheep and deer. We analysed the activity patterns of sheep and deer and then calculated their coefficients of temporal overlap for each camera trap location. We compared these coefficients in relation to the distance from the hiking path. Finally, we used a generalized linear mixed-model to investigate which factors influence the spatio-temporal succession between deer and sheep. We do not find that sheep and red deer spatially avoid each other. The coefficient of temporal overlap varied with distance from the hiking trail, with stronger temporal co-occurrence at greater distances from the hiking trail. Red deer were more likely to be detected further from the path during the day, which increased the temporal overlap with sheep in these areas. This suggests that hiking pressure influences spatio-temporal interactions between sheep and deer, leading to greater temporal overlap in areas further from the hiking path due to red deer spatial avoidance of hikers. This impact of recreationists on the wildlife and livestock interaction can have consequences for the animals’ welfare, the vegetation they graze, their management, and disease transmission.
Enhanced electroactive β-phase formation in electrospun poly (vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) nanowires with gold nanoparticles
Authors: Zhou Xi , Suo Tao 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAs a representative piezoelectric polymer, poly (vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) has been widely used in sensors transducers and actuators. In this paper, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are prepared and doped into the PVDF-HFP solution to enhance the piezoelectric property of electrospun PVDF-HFP nanowires. The results indicate that proper amounts of AuNPs within the nanowires can improve the piezoelectric phase in PVDF-HFP. Then, a nanogenerator was prepared using the PVDF-HFP/Au nanowires to verify the increase in piezoelectric performance. Experimental results show that compared with PVDF-HFP nanogenerator without AuNPs doping, the output voltage is increased by about two times, while the output current is doubled for the PVDF-HFP/Au nanogenerator. Furthermore, systematic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are conducted to elucidate the physical mechanism of AuNPs enhanced β-phase formation in PVDF-HFP. Our results show that the adsorption and electrostatic interaction between the AuNPs and the PVDF chains promote the electroactive β-phase formation, and also significantly increase the tension and poling effect during electrospinning process, which is the origin of the enhanced electroactive phase formation in electrospun PVDF-HFP nanowires.
A tale of four parsers: methodological reflections on diagnostic evaluation and in-depth error analysis for meaning representation parsing
Authors: Buljan Maja , Nivre Joakim , Oepen Stephan , Øvrelid Lilja 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe discuss methodological choices in diagnostic evaluation and error analysis in meaning representation parsing (MRP), i.e. mapping from natural language utterances to graph-based encodings of semantic structure. We expand on a pilot quantitative study in contrastive diagnostic evaluation, inspired by earlier work in syntactic dependency parsing, and propose a novel methodology for qualitative error analysis. This two-pronged study is performed using a selection of submissions, data, and evaluation tools featured in the 2019 shared task on MRP. Our aim is to devise methods for identifying strengths and weaknesses in different broad families of parsing techniques, as well as investigating the relations between specific parsing approaches, different meaning representation frameworks, and individual linguistic phenomena—by identifying and comparing common error patterns. Our preliminary empirical results suggest that the proposed methodologies can be meaningfully applied to parsing into graph-structured target representations, as a side-effect uncovering hitherto unknown properties of the different systems that can inform future development and cross-fertilization across approaches.
Heavy metal pollution in Manzala Lake sediments, Egypt: sources, variability, and assessment
Authors: Redwan Mostafa , Elhaddad Engy 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe environmental pollution of lake systems due to anthropogenic factors is of growing concern worldwide. Manzala Lake is the largest northern coastal-deltaic lakes of Egypt and has socioeconomic impacts. In this study, the concentrations and origins of seven heavy metals (HMs) and the organic content in the Manzala Lake sediments were explored during the winter and summer. The concentration of the HMs and the organic content were quantified using inductively coupled plasma and loss-on-ignition techniques. Pearson’s correlation coefficient (PCC) and principal component analysis (PCA) were applied to evaluate the sources of the metals in the sediments. The HMs and organic matter were enriched during the winter season. The average concentrations of the HMs in the sediments conformed to the following sequence: Fe (14.13) > Mn (0.8) > Cu (0.11) > Zn (0.11) > Ni (0.06) > Pb (0.5) > Cd (0.002) (mg/kg). Sediment quality protocols showed that Mn, Cd, Cu, and Ni pose a significant threat to the aquatic environment in Manzala Lake. The geoaccumulation index (Igeo) values indicated pollution of the sediments with most metals, excluding Fe and Ni. The periodic mean Igeo pollution level followed the sequence Cd > Cu > Zn > Mn > Pb > Ni > Fe. The greatest pollution load index noted during the winter season was principally induced by Cd and Cu. The overall ecological risk index was moderate, with Cd being the most prominent HM. PCA combined with PCC showed that the HM enrichments in the southern (Bahr Al-Baqar Drain [S1], Bashteer [S3], Legan [S5], and Al-Ginka [S8]) and the extreme northeastern (El-Qapouti [S6]) parts of Manzala Lake sediments were mainly due to the discharge from different drains (industrial, agricultural, and municipal wastes) and the industrial region in Port Said, respectively. The lower HM concentrations from the extreme northern parts (Al-Boghaz [S2], Al-Temsah [S4], Al-Hamra [S7], and Al-Kowar [S9]) were due to their isolation from urban areas compared with the other localities. Extensive waste disposal was responsible for the HM pollution in the Manzala Lake sediments. Advanced treatment technologies and monitoring of the pollution in the water and sediments of Manzala Lake are required to decrease the accumulation of the heavy metals.
Using log analytics and process mining to enable self-healing in the Internet of Things
Authors: Singh Prasannjeet , Saman Azari Mehdi , Vitale Francesco , Flammini Francesco , Mazzocca Nicola , Caporuscio Mauro , Thornadtsson Johan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe Internet of Things (IoT) is rapidly developing in diverse and critical applications such as environmental sensing and industrial control systems. IoT devices can be very heterogeneous in terms of hardware and software architectures, communication protocols, and/or manufacturers. Therefore, when those devices are connected together to build a complex system, detecting and fixing any anomalies can be very challenging. In this paper, we explore a relatively novel technique known as Process Mining, which—in combination with log-file analytics and machine learning—can support early diagnosis, prognosis, and subsequent automated repair to improve the resilience of IoT devices within possibly complex cyber-physical systems. Issues addressed in this paper include generation of consistent Event Logs and definition of a roadmap toward effective Process Discovery and Conformance Checking to support Self-Healing in IoT.
An Adaptable and Scalable Generator of Distributed Massive MIMO Baseband Processing Systems
Authors: Dai Yue , Rasekh Maryam Eslami , Mirfarshbafan Seyed Hadi , Liew Harrison , Gallyas-Sanhueza Alexandra , Dunn James , Madhow Upamanyu , Studer Christoph , Nikolić Borivoje 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper presents an algorithm-adaptable, scalable, and platform-portable generator for massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) baseband processing systems. This generator is written in Chisel hardware construction language, and produces instances that implement distributed massive MIMO base station (BS) processing, including channel estimation and beamforming. The generator can be reused for different MIMO systems and hardware datapath designs by changing the parameters. The generator is paired with a Python-based system simulator, which incorporated together can emulate a system testing various baseband signal processing algorithms. The field programmable gate array (FPGA) emulation is performed with generated instances using various parameter values. To demonstrate the algorithmic adaptability, a Golay-sequence-based channel estimation method, a beamspace calibration method, and a channel denoising algorithm are evaluated across a range of channel models. The performance of the generator, necessity of the algorithmic adaptability, and ease of hardware generation are evaluated and discussed. The emulated register-transfer level (RTL) implementation with different system parameters shows that with beamspace methods, the demodulation error vector magnitude is improved by up to 29.8%.
Plattformen auf dem Arbeitsmarkt: Digitalisierung und Diversifizierung in der Beschäftigungsindustrie
Authors: Pongratz Hans J. 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungVermittlungsprozesse auf dem Arbeitsmarkt verlaufen zunehmend unter Mitwirkung von Plattformunternehmen: Online-Stellenbörsen, Karrierenetzwerken, Gigwork- und Crowdworking-Plattformen oder Arbeitgeberbewertungsportalen. Auf der Basis explorativer Internetrecherchen und Dokumentanalysen wird ein Überblick über die Plattformmodelle und ihre Verbindungen zu etablierten Akteuren der Beschäftigungsindustrie, vor allem Zeitarbeitsfirmen und Personalberatungen, gegeben. Mit Bezug auf Theoriekonzepte der Plattformforschung und der Arbeitsmarktanalyse (Infrastruktur, Intermediarität, Ökosystem, Feld) werden Thesen zur Rolle der Plattformen innerhalb der Beschäftigungsindustrie formuliert. In Anbetracht etablierter Strukturen und spezifischer Anforderungen des Arbeitsmarkts finden sich Plattformen in diesem Feld in komplexen Akteurskonstellationen wieder, die sie nicht in der Weise dominieren, wie das von Plattformkonzernen wie Amazon, Facebook oder Google angenommen wird. Privatwirtschaftliche Dienstleistungen der Arbeitskraftvermittlung gewinnen erheblich an Relevanz: Neben der Verfügung über die Daten stellen vor allem das Expertenwissen der Personalberatungen und der politische Einfluss der Zeitarbeitsfirmen maßgebliche Machtressourcen am Markt dar. Die Analyse lässt auf multiple Entwicklungspfade der Plattformökonomie schließen – und auf die Notwendigkeit stärker vergleichender Forschung.