bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Netrin-1 induces the anti-apoptotic and pro-survival effects of B-ALL cells through the Unc5b-MAPK axis
Authors: Huang Lan , An Xizhou , Zhu Yao , Zhang Kainan , Xiao Li , Yao Xinyuan , Zeng Xing , Liang Shaoyan , Yu Jie 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) comprises over 85% of all acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cases and is the most common childhood malignancy. Although the 5 year overall survival of patients with B-ALL exceeds 90%, patients with relapsed or refractory B-ALL may suffer from poor prognosis and adverse events. The axon guidance factor netrin-1 has been reported to be involved in the tumorigenesis of many types of cancers. However, the impact of netrin-1 on B-ALL remains unknown.

Methods
The expression level of netrin-1 in peripheral blood samples of children with B-ALL and children without neoplasia was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Then, CCK-8 cell proliferation assays and flow cytometric analysis were performed to detect the viability and apoptosis of B-ALL cells (Reh and Sup B15) treated with exogenous recombinant netrin-1 at concentrations of 0, 25, 50, and 100 ng/ml. Furthermore, co-immunoprecipitation(co-IP) was performed to detect the receptor of netrin-1. UNC5B expression interference was induced in B-ALL cells with recombinant lentivirus, and then CCK-8 assays, flow cytometry assays and western blotting assays were performed to verify that netrin-1 might act on B-ALL cells via the receptor Unc5b. Finally, western blotting and kinase inhibitor treatment were applied to detect the downstream signaling pathway.

Results
Netrin-1 expression was increased in B-ALL, and netrin-1 expression was upregulated in patients with high- and intermediate-risk stratification group of patients. Then, we found that netrin-1 induced an anti-apoptotic effect in B-ALL cells, implying that netrin-1 plays an oncogenic role in B-ALL. co-IP results showed that netrin-1 interacted with the receptor Unc5b in B-ALL cells. Interference with UNC5B was performed in B-ALL cells and abolished the antiapoptotic effects of netrin-1. Further western blotting was applied to detect the phosphorylation levels of key molecules in common signaling transduction pathways in B-ALL cells treated with recombinant netrin-1, and the FAK-MAPK signaling pathway was found to be activated. The anti-apoptotic effect of netrin-1 and FAK-MAPK phosphorylation was abrogated by UNC5B interference. FAK inhibitor treatment and ERK inhibitor treatment were applied and verified that the FAK-MAPK pathway may be downstream of Unc5b.

Conclusion
Taken together, our findings suggested that netrin-1 induced the anti-apoptotic effect of B-ALL cells through activation of the FAK-MAPK signaling pathway by binding to the receptor Unc5b.
Magnitude and determinants of suicide among overweight reproductive-age women, Chacha and Debre Berhan Town, Ethiopia: community based cross-sectional study
Authors: Engda Abayneh Shewangzaw , Belete Habte , Wubetu Abate Dargie , Engidaw Nigus Alemnew , Amogne Fetene Kasahun , Kitaw Tebabere Moltot , Bete Tilahun , Kebede Worku Misganaw , Atinafu Bantalem Tilaye , Demeke Solomon Moges 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
The magnitude and impact of women's suicidal behaviors, like suicidal ideation and suicidal attempts, are an important public health problem in low and middle-income countries, including Ethiopia. Suicidal behavior and being overweight are typical complications of reproductive age with many undesired consequences. Despite both having a serious impact on women of reproductive age, they are neglected in Ethiopia. Accordingly, this study aimed to examine the magnitude and determinants of suicide among overweight reproductive-age women in Chacha and Debre Berhan towns, Ethiopia.

Methods
A community-based cross-sectional study design was once employed from April 1, 2020 to June 1, 2020. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview was used to measure suicidal attempts and ideation, and the data was collected by direct interview. All collected data were entered into Epi Data version 4.6 and analyzed with SPSS version 25. Bivariate and multivariable regression models were used to determine the factors associated with a suicidal attempt and ideation. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Result
Of the total participants, 523 were included, with a response rate of 93.7%. The prevalence of suicidal ideation was 13.0% (95% CI 10.1–15.9), whereas suicidal attempt was 2.3% (95% CI 1.1–3.6). Based on multivariable regression analysis, the odds of suicidal ideation have been higher among overweight women with stressful life events, depression, and younger age groups.

Conclusion
Suicidal ideation was frequent in overweight reproductive-age women. Preventing, treating, and using coping mechanisms regarding identified factors is a good way to minimize the burden of suicide.
Genotype–phenotype associations within the Li-Fraumeni spectrum: a report from the German Registry
Authors: Penkert Judith , Strüwe Farina J. , Dutzmann Christina M. , Doergeloh Beate B. , Montellier Emilie , Freycon Claire , Keymling Myriam , Schlemmer Heinz-Peter , Sänger Birte , Hoffmann Beatrice , Gerasimov Tanja , Blattmann Claudia , Fetscher Sebastian , Frühwald Michael , Hettmer Simone , Kordes Uwe , Ridola Vita , Kroiss Benninger Sabine , Mastronuzzi Angela , Schott Sarah , Nees Juliane , Prokop Aram , Redlich Antje , Seidel Markus G. , Zimmermann Stefanie , Pajtler Kristian W. , Pfister Stefan M. , Hainaut Pierre , Kratz Christian P. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLi-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) is a cancer predisposition syndrome caused by pathogenic TP53 variants. The condition represents one of the most relevant genetic causes of cancer in children and adults due to its frequency and high cancer risk. The term Li-Fraumeni spectrum reflects the evolving phenotypic variability of the condition. Within this spectrum, patients who meet specific LFS criteria are diagnosed with LFS, while patients who do not meet these criteria are diagnosed with attenuated LFS. To explore genotype–phenotype correlations we analyzed 141 individuals from 94 families with pathogenic TP53 variants registered in the German Cancer Predisposition Syndrome Registry. Twenty-one (22%) families had attenuated LFS and 73 (78%) families met the criteria of LFS. NULL variants occurred in 32 (44%) families with LFS and in two (9.5%) families with attenuated LFS (P value < 0.01). Kato partially functional variants were present in 10 out of 53 (19%) families without childhood cancer except adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) versus 0 out of 41 families with childhood cancer other than ACC alone (P value < 0.01). Our study suggests genotype–phenotype correlations encouraging further analyses.
Predictors of low cardiac output after isolated pericardiectomy: an observational study
Authors: Wang Jin , Zhang Xiaohong , Liu Xingrong , Pei Lijian , Zhang Yuelun , Yu Chunhua , Huang Yuguang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Low cardiac output is the main cause of perioperative death after pericardiectomy for constrictive pericarditis. We investigated the associated risk factors and consequences.

Methods
We selected constrictive pericarditis patients undergoing isolated pericardiectomy from January 2013 to January 2021. Postoperative low cardiac output was defined as requiring mechanical circulatory support or more than one inotrope to maintain a cardiac index > 2.2 L •min−1 •m−2 without hypoperfusion, despite adequate filling status. Uni- and multivariable analysis were used to identify factors associated with low cardiac output. Cox regression was used to identify factors associated with length of hospital stay.

Results
Among 212 patients with complete data, 55 (25.9%) developed low cardiac output within postoperative day 1 (quartiles 1 and 2), which caused seven of the nine perioperative deaths. The rates of atrial arrhythmia, renal dysfunction, hypoalbuminemia, modest-to-severe hyponatremia, and hyperbilirubinemia caused by constrictive pericarditis were 9.4%, 12.3%, 49.1%, 10.4%, and 81.6%. The mean preoperative central venous pressure and cardiac index were 18 ± 5 cmH2O and 1.87 ± 0.45 L•min−1•m−2. Univariable analysis showed that low cardiac output patients had higher rates of atrial arrhythmia (OR 3.32 [1.35, 8.17], P = 0.007), renal dysfunction (OR 4.24 [1.94, 9.25], P < 0.001), hypoalbuminemia (OR 1.99 [1.06, 3.73], P = 0.031) and hyponatremia (OR 6.36 [2.50, 16.20], P < 0.001), greater E peak velocity variation (difference 2.8 [0.7, 5.0], P = 0.011), higher central venous pressure (difference 3 [2,5] cmH2O, P < 0.001) and lower cardiac index (difference − 0.27 [− 0.41, − 0.14] L•min−1•m−2, P < 0.001) than patients without low cardiac output. Multivariable regression showed that atrial arrhythmia (OR 4.04 [1.36, 12.02], P = 0.012), renal dysfunction (OR 2.64 [1.07, 6.50], P = 0.035), hyponatremia (OR 3.49 [1.19, 10.24], P = 0.023), high central venous pressure (OR 1.17 [1.08, 1.27], P < 0.001), and low cardiac index (OR 0.36 [0.14, 0.92], P = 0.032) were associated with low cardiac output (AUC 0.79 [0.72–0.86], P < 0.001). Cox regression analysis showed that hyperbilirubinemia (HR 0.66 [0.46, 0.94], P = 0.022), renal dysfunction (HR 0.51 [0.33, 0.77], P = 0.002), and low cardiac output (HR 0.42 [0.29, 0.59], P < 0.001) were associated with length of hospital stay.

Conclusions
Early recognition and management of hyponatremia, renal dysfunction, fluid retention, and hyperbilirubinemia may benefit constrictive pericarditis patients after pericardiectomy.
Antioxidant procyanidin B2 protects oocytes against cryoinjuries via mitochondria regulated cortical tension
Authors: Zhuan Qingrui , Li Jun , Du Xingzhu , Zhang Luyao , Meng Lin , Luo Yuwen , Zhou Dan , Liu Hongyu , Wan Pengcheng , Hou Yunpeng , Fu Xiangwei 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Irreversible cryodamage caused by oocyte vitrification limited its wild application in female fertility preservation. Antioxidants were always used to antagonist the oxidative stress caused by vitrification. However, the comprehensive mechanism underlying the protective role of antioxidants has not been studied. Procyanidin B2 (PCB2) is a potent natural antioxidant and its functions in response to vitrification are still unknown. In this study, the effects of PCB2 on vitrified-thawed oocytes and subsequent embryo development were explored, and the mechanisms underlying the protective role of PCB2 were systematically elucidated.

Results
Vitrification induced a marked decline in oocyte quality, while PCB2 could improve oocyte viability and further development after parthenogenetic activation. A subsequent study indicated that PCB2 effectively attenuated vitrification-induced oxidative stress, rescued mitochondrial dysfunction, and improved cell viability. Moreover, PCB2 also acts as a cortical tension regulator apart from strong antioxidant properties. Increased cortical tension caused by PCB2 would maintain normal spindle morphology and promote migration, ensure correct meiosis progression and finally reduce the aneuploidy rate in vitrified oocytes. Further study reveals that ATP biosynthesis plays a crucial role in cortical tension regulation, and PCB2 effectively increased the cortical tension through the electron transfer chain pathway. Additionally, PCB2 would elevate the cortical tension in embryo cells at morula and blastocyst stages and further improve blastocyst quality. What’s more, targeted metabolomics shows that PCB2 has a beneficial effect on blastocyst formation by mediating saccharides and amino acids metabolism.

Conclusions
Antioxidant PCB2 exhibits multi-protective roles in response to vitrification stimuli through mitochondria-mediated cortical tension regulation.
A partitioned material point method and discrete element method coupling scheme
Authors: Singer Veronika , Sautter Klaus B. , Larese Antonia , Wüchner Roland , Bletzinger Kai-Uwe 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMass-movement hazards involving fast and large soil deformation often include huge rocks or other significant obstacles increasing tremendously the risks for humans and infrastructures. Therefore, numerical investigations of such disasters are in high economic demand for prediction as well as for the design of countermeasures. Unfortunately, classical numerical approaches are not suitable for such challenging multiphysics problems. For this reason, in this work we explore the combination of the Material Point Method, able to simulate elasto-plastic continuum materials and the Discrete Element Method to accurately calculate the contact forces, in a coupled formulation. We propose a partitioned MPM-DEM coupling scheme, thus the solvers involved are treated as black-box solvers, whereas the communication of the involved sub-systems is shifted to the shared interface. This approach allows to freely choose the best suited solver for each model and to combine the advantages of both physics in a generalized manner. The examples validate the novel coupling scheme and show its applicability for the simulation of large strain flow events interacting with obstacles.
Modeling the early stages of Alzheimer’s disease by administering intracerebroventricular injections of human native Aβ oligomers to rats
Authors: Baerends Eva , Soud Katia , Folke Jonas , Pedersen Anna-Kathrine , Henmar Simon , Konrad Lisa , Lycas Matthew D. , Mori Yuki , Pakkenberg Bente , Woldbye David P. D. , Dmytriyeva Oksana , Pankratova Stanislava 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive and irreversible neurodegenerative disease characterized by the accumulation of aggregated amyloid beta (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau along with a slow decline in cognitive functions. Unlike advanced AD, the initial steps of AD pathophysiology have been poorly investigated, partially due to limited availability of animal models focused on the early, plaque-free stages of the disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the early behavioral, anatomical and molecular alterations in wild-type rats following intracerebroventricular injections of human Aβ oligomers (AβOs). Bioactive human AD and nondemented control brain tissue extracts were characterized using ELISA and proteomics approaches. Following a bilateral infusion, rats underwent behavioral testing, including the elevated plus maze, social recognition test, Morris water maze and Y-maze within 6 weeks postinjection. An analysis of brain structure was performed with manganese-enhanced MRI. Collected brain tissues were analyzed using stereology, immunohistochemistry, ELISA and qPCR. No sensorimotor deficits affecting motor performance on different maze tasks were observed, nor was spatial memory disturbed in AD rats. In contrast, a significant impairment of social memory became evident at 21 days postinjection. This deficit was associated with a significantly decreased volume of the lateral entorhinal cortex and a tendency toward a decrease in the total brain volume. Significant increase of cleaved caspase-3-positive cells, microglial activation and proinflammatory responses accompanied by altered expression of synaptic markers were observed in the hippocampus of AD rats with immunohistochemical and qPCR approaches at 6 weeks postinjection. Our data suggest that the social memory impairment observed in AβO-injected rats might be determined by neuroinflammatory responses and synaptopathy. An infusion of native oligomeric Aβ in the rat brain represents a feasible tool to model early plaque-free events associated with AD.
Risk factors and prevention strategies for shoulder injuries in overhead sports: an updated systematic review
Authors: Hoppe Matthias Wilhelm , Brochhagen Joana , Tischer Thomas , Beitzel Knut , Seil Romain , Grim Casper 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this systematic review was to update the knowledge on risk factors and prevention strategies for shoulder injuries in overhead sports with special emphasis on methodological quality.

Methods
All methodological procedures were performed in line with a previous systematic review by Asker et al. (2018). The literature search was conducted in the PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane, and SPORT-Discuss databases. Due to the risk of bias assessment, only studies with at least an acceptable methodological quality were included. A best-evidence synthesis was performed to clarify the evidence and direction of the risk factors and prevention strategies.

Results
A total of nine studies were included in the data extraction process. One study had a high and eight studies had an acceptable methodological quality. Seven cohort studies investigated risk factors and two randomised controlled trails evaluated prevention strategies. Moderate evidence was found for two non-modifiable (playing position, gender) and three modifiable factors (shoulder rotational strength, scapular dyskinesia, shoulder prevention programme) that were associated with the shoulder injury risk. All further risk factors had moderate and no association with risk (shoulder rotational ROM, joint position sense) or limited (history of shoulder/elbow pain, age, training experience, training volume, school grade, playing level), and conflicting evidence (setting).

Conclusions
There is moderate evidence for two non-modifiable (playing position, gender) and three modifiable factors (shoulder rotational strength, scapular dyskinesia, shoulder prevention programme) being associated with the shoulder injury risk in overhead sports.
Optimal complementary feeding practices among caregivers and their children aged 6–23 months in Kisoro district, Uganda
Authors: Birungi Tracy Lukiya , Ejalu David Livingstone 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
There are many risk factors for stunting, and studies most often corroborate complementary feeding practices as a significant risk factor. Information on the prevalence of optimal complementary feeding practices and factors that lend to caregivers meeting their requirements in Kisoro district, a district with high stunting rates, is mostly lacking.

Methodology
An analytical cross-sectional study that used secondary data from a USAID-funded project. Entries for 384 caregivers of children aged 6–23 months in Kisoro district were abstracted from the project database. The data was analysed using SPSS version 20. The association between independent factors and optimal complementary feeding practices was determined using multivariable logistic regressions at the three levels of the Socio-Ecological Model.

Findings
Although 95% of the infants were introduced to semi-solid foods promptly, their diet was nutritionally inadequate as evidenced by the low minimum dietary diversity of 4.43%. Some of the key covariates associated with these outcomes included, the type of occupation (AOR = 21.21; CI = 2.03—221.26; p = 0.011), community groups (AOR = 0. 43; CI = 0.22—0.83; p = 0.012), not being married (AOR = 13.25; CI = 1.76—100.25; p = 0.012), age of the child (AOR = 2.21; CI = 1.1—4.45; p = 0.026); among others.

Conclusion
The prevalence of MAD and MDD was very low in Kisoro district, even compared to national figures, putting these children at a very high risk of stunting. Increased advocacy is needed to support the community-level implementation of the IYCF guidelines.
Semiquantitative CT imaging as a tool in improving detection of ground glass patches in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and for better follow-up
Authors: Kolta Marian Fayek Farid , Abouheif Mahmoud Alaa Abd-Elrehim Abd-Elaal , Abd El-Mageed Mohammed Raafat 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 influencing millions of people worldwide. It has clinical symptoms going from mild symptoms in about 80% of patients to a case mortality rate of about 2% in hospitalized patients associated with radiologic findings at chest CT which is showing multifocal bilateral ground glass opacities (GGO) and consolidative patches with subpleural and peri-bronchovascular predominant distribution. The role of chest CT in COVID-19 is very crucial, so this study hypothesized that increasing the accuracy and rapidity of CT in the detection of COVID-19-related pneumonia will offer rapid management and intervention of affected cases and gain better outcomes. The aim of this study is to offer and assess the ability of a software computer program in helping the radiologists in rapid detection of COVID-19 pneumonic criteria.

Results
This cross-sectional study involved 73 patients with clinical symptoms and real-time polymerase chain reaction test positive results diagnosed as COVID-19. They were referred to perform chest CT; their CT images were sent to a separate workstation to be automated and processed through the COVID-19 detector, and compared the finding of the radiologist and the COVID-19 detector. The median number of lesions was 2 among the studied participants ranging from 1 to 12 lesions. The most common affected site of the lesions was the lower lobes. There was a significant strong agreement (P value < 0.001, kappa = 0.923) between the radiologist and the semiquantitative CT assessment in the detection of GGO among patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Also, there were 6 patients who underwent follow-up by semiquantitative CT and radiologist; the median number of lesions was 1 among the studied participants ranging from 1 to 8 lesions. There was a significant strong agreement (P value = 0.001, Kappa = 0.856) between the radiologist and the semiquantitative CT assessment in the detection of GGO during follow-up among patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.

Conclusions
The tested computer program can accurately detect COVID-19 pneumonia as it has better visualization in detecting GGO for diagnosing and following up on COVID-19 pneumonia.
Validation of Machine Learning–Based Automated Surgical Instrument Annotation Using Publicly Available Intraoperative Video
Authors: Markarian Nicholas , Kugener Guillaume , Pangal Dhiraj J. , Unadkat Vyom , Sinha Aditya , Zhu Yichao , Roshannai Arman , Chan Justin , Hung Andrew J. , Wrobel Bozena B. , Anandkumar Animashree , Zada Gabriel , Donoho Daniel A. 
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND:
Intraoperative tool movement data have been demonstrated to be clinically useful in quantifying surgical performance. However, collecting this information from intraoperative video requires laborious hand annotation. The ability to automatically annotate tools in surgical video would advance surgical data science by eliminating a time-intensive step in research.

OBJECTIVE:
To identify whether machine learning (ML) can automatically identify surgical instruments contained within neurosurgical video.

METHODS:
A ML model which automatically identifies surgical instruments in frame was developed and trained on multiple publicly available surgical video data sets with instrument location annotations. A total of 39 693 frames from 4 data sets were used (endoscopic endonasal surgery [EEA] [30 015 frames], cataract surgery [4670], laparoscopic cholecystectomy [2532], and microscope-assisted brain/spine tumor removal [2476]). A second model trained only on EEA video was also developed. Intraoperative EEA videos from YouTube were used for test data (3 videos, 1239 frames).

RESULTS:
The YouTube data set contained 2169 total instruments. Mean average precision (mAP) for instrument detection on the YouTube data set was 0.74. The mAP for each individual video was 0.65, 0.74, and 0.89. The second model trained only on EEA video also had an overall mAP of 0.74 (0.62, 0.84, and 0.88 for individual videos). Development costs were $130 for manual video annotation and under $100 for computation.

CONCLUSION:
Surgical instruments contained within endoscopic endonasal intraoperative video can be detected using a fully automated ML model. The addition of disparate surgical data sets did not improve model performance, although these data sets may improve generalizability of the model in other use cases.