bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suicide risk among undergraduate students in Brazil in the periods before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: results of the SABES-Grad national survey
Authors: Demenech Lauro Miranda , Neiva-Silva Lucas , Brignol Sandra Mara Silva , Marcon Samira Reschetti , Lemos Sônia Maria , Tassitano Rafael Miranda , Dumith Samuel C. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundUndergraduate students present high rates of psychological distress, including suicide risk. Due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, this scenario may have been aggravated. Thus, the objective of the current study was to evaluate changes in the suicide risk rate from the period before to during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the factors associated with this outcome among Brazilian undergraduate students.MethodsThis was a nationwide survey carried out in Brazil with a cross-sectional design, including two data collection periods: a single-center in-person collection in 2019 and another multicenter online collection in 2020/2021. Data were collected using self-administered instruments. The outcome was a high risk of suicide, measured through the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Analyses were carried out on data from two periods, i.e. before and during the pandemic (bivariate analysis and interaction tests), and a model of associated factors (multivariate analysis using Poisson regression) was developed including all participating universities distributed in the five regions of Brazil.ResultsIn total, 6716 Brazilian undergraduate students participated (996 in 2019 and 5720 in 2020/2021). The prevalence of a high suicide risk rose from 11.3% to 17.0%, especially among women and poorer individuals. The prevalence of a high risk of suicide among Brazilian undergraduates was 19.6% and was associated with several socioeconomic, academic, pandemic, and mental health factors.ConclusionsThe prevalence of a high suicide risk increased from prepandemic to during the pandemic, appearing to be largely influenced by social determinants, in conjunction with the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic.
BERNOULLI ACTIONS OF TYPE III WITH PRESCRIBED ASSOCIATED FLOW
Authors: Berendschot Tey , Vaes Stefaan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe prove that many, but not all, injective factors arise as crossed products by nonsingular Bernoulli actions of the group
$\mathbb {Z}$
. We obtain this result by proving a completely general result on the ergodicity, type and Krieger’s associated flow for Bernoulli shifts with arbitrary base spaces. We prove that the associated flow must satisfy a structural property of infinite divisibility. Conversely, we prove that all almost periodic flows, as well as many other ergodic flows, do arise as associated flow of a weakly mixing Bernoulli action of any infinite amenable group. As a byproduct, we prove that all injective factors with almost periodic flow of weights are infinite tensor products of
$2 \times 2$
matrices. Finally, we construct Poisson suspension actions with prescribed associated flow for any locally compact second countable group that does not have property (T).
Learning lessons about lesson-learning: Covid complexity
Authors: Paton Calum 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn the article, ‘Learning Lessons from the Covid-19 Pandemic’, Powell (2022) rightly implies that there is a profusion of confusion in the ‘industry’ which has grown up around lesson-learning from the pandemic. His contribution sets out a helpful framework for classifying or making attempts at lesson-learning. He combines the tripartite classification of inadequate approaches to policy-learning and policy transfer developed 30 years ago by Dolowitz and Marsh (‘uninformed-incomplete-inappropriate’), which he inverts to produce a classification of approaches which are informed, complete and appropriate, with the framework of ‘outcome-mechanism-context’ from realistic evaluation. (I use the term realistic rather than realist, as the latter implies an epistemological stance as opposed to what was intended, which is that evaluation takes account of complexity in a realistic manner.) This produces a classification, and possibly an ‘ideal type’, of informed outcomes, complete mechanisms and appropriate context. Powell rightly implies that no overall conclusion is available from the literature reviewed. He does however imply that different approaches may work in different settings. This is true in one sense but misleading in another. This commentary argues that such ‘relativism’ is not only dangerous in practice but mistaken in theory.
Interplay Between Urbanization and Irrigation on Summer Climate in the Huang‐Huai‐Hai Plain, China
Authors: Cui Fengqi , Hamdi Rafiq , He Huili , Yuan Xiuliang , Yang Tao , Tang Haiping , Wang Bojie , Zhang Qin , Termonia Piet , De Maeyer Philippe 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study investigates how the individual and combined effects of urbanization and irrigation affect summer climate using convection‐permitting regional climate model simulations with/without urbanization or irrigation over the Huang‐Huai‐Hai plain (3HP). We found that (a) In dramatic urban expansion areas, T2max, T2avg, and T2min increased by 0.53, 0.43, and 0.40°C, respectively. Urbanization influenced the net radiation (RN), sensible heat flux (H), latent heat flux (LE), and ground flux (GF) by 1.08, 9.58, −10.69, and 0.59 W/m2 (b) Over the irrigated area, T2max, T2avg, and T2min significantly decreased by −1.50, −1.30, and −1.16°C. The RN, LE significantly increased by 10.06 W/m2, 28.40 W/m2, while H and GF decreased by 19.44 and 1.19 W/m2. (c) The combined effect of urbanization and irrigation decreased T2max, T2avg, and T2min by −0.84, −0.77, and −0.71°C. The RN, LE significantly changed by 4.93 and 27.84 W/m2, while H and GF declined by 18.65 and 1.28 W/m2. (d) Urbanization significantly decreased the total precipitation by 0.04 mm/day, while irrigation and the combined effect increased the total precipitation by 0.12 and 0.16 mm/day. Urbanization and irrigation have more influence on the extreme precipitation than on the summer mean precipitation. (e) Specific humidity (Q) changes at high altitude (>2 km) are mainly controlled by thermodynamic changes, while at a low level, Q changes depended on the evapotranspiration, sea‐land breeze, and surface roughness.
Oxidative, epigenetic changes and fermentation processes in the intestine of rats fed high-fat diets supplemented with various chromium forms
Authors: Dworzański Wojciech , Cholewińska Ewelina , Fotschki Bartosz , Juśkiewicz Jerzy , Ognik Katarzyna 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe aim of the study was to determine how feeding rats a high-fat diet (F) supplemented with various forms of chromium affects the responses of the immune and redox systems, as well as epigenetic changes in the ileal tissue and the course of fermentation processes in the caecum. The rats received a pharmacologically relevant dose 0.3 mg Cr/kg body weight in form of chromium(III) picolinate (Cr-Pic), chromium (III)-methionine (Cr-Met), or chromium nanoparticles (Cr-NPs). The F increased DNA oxidation and raised the level of interleukin IL-6. The F was shown to reduce the intensity of fermentation processes in the caecum while increasing the activity of potentially harmful enzymes in the faeces. The addition of Cr in the form of Cr-NPs and Cr-Met in rats fed F beneficially increased mobilization of enzymes of the DNA repair pathway. All forms of Cr, but especially Cr-NPs, beneficially decreased the activity of caecal bacterial β-glucuronidase, faecal β-glucosidase and β-glucuronidase. However, due to the increase in level of cytokine IL-2 in small intestinal wall, induced by all tested forms of chromium, it is difficult to state conclusively that this element can mitigate unfavourable pro-inflammatory and oxidative changes induced by a F in the small intestinal wall.
Deletion in chromosome 6 spanning alpha-synuclein and multimerin1 loci in the Rab27a/b double knockout mouse
Authors: Pattanayak Rudradip , Underwood Rachel , Crowley Michael R. , Crossman David K. , Morgan Jennifer R. , Yacoubian Talene A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe report an incidental 358.5 kb deletion spanning the region encoding for alpha-synuclein (αsyn) and multimerin1 (Mmrn1) in the Rab27a/Rab27b double knockout (DKO) mouse line previously developed by Tolmachova and colleagues in 2007. Western blot and RT-PCR studies revealed lack of αsyn expression at either the mRNA or protein level in Rab27a/b DKO mice. PCR of genomic DNA from Rab27a/b DKO mice demonstrated at least partial deletion of the Snca locus using primers targeted to exon 4 and exon 6. Most genes located in proximity to the Snca locus, including Atoh1, Atoh2, Gm5570, Gm4410, Gm43894, and Grid2, were shown not to be deleted by PCR except for Mmrn1. Using whole genomic sequencing, the complete deletion was mapped to chromosome 6 (60,678,870–61,037,354), a slightly smaller deletion region than that previously reported in the C57BL/6J substrain maintained by Envigo. Electron microscopy of cortex from these mice demonstrates abnormally enlarged synaptic terminals with reduced synaptic vesicle density, suggesting potential interplay between Rab27 isoforms and αsyn, which are all highly expressed at the synaptic terminal. Given this deletion involving several genes, the Rab27a/b DKO mouse line should be used with caution or with appropriate back-crossing to other C57BL/6J mouse substrain lines without this deletion.
Estimating population norms for the health-related quality of life of adults in southern Jiangsu Province, China
Authors: Hu Wei , Zhou Liang , Chu Jiadong , Sun Na , Chen Xuanli , Liu Siyuan , Shen Yueping 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAlthough national health-related quality of life population norms had been published based on the EuroQol 5-Dimensions 5-levels scale, China is a vast country with diverse cultural and social development in various regions. Therefore, regional population norms may better reflect the health status of residents in a given area. The purpose of the study was to derive the HRQoL population norm for adult general population in southern Jiangsu Province using the EQ-5D-5L scale and explore potential influencing factors. The data were based on a cross-sectional survey conducted in Liyang City from March 2019 to July 2020. EQ-5D-5L utility scores based on Chinese value set and EQ-VAS scores were used to assess HRQoL. The Tobit regression model and generalized linear model were performed to identify the association among potential covariates and HRQoL. The means (95% confidence interval) of the EQ-5D-5L utility scores and EQ-VAS scores were 0.981(0.980–0.983) and 83.6(83.2–83.9), respectively. Younger people (≤ 40 years old) were more likely to experience problems with anxiety or depression. Additionally, women had lower HRQoL scores although multivariate analysis found no statistical difference between the sexes. Lower HRQoL was associated with advanced age, lower socioeconomic status, no spouse, lack of regular physical activities, smoking cessation, and chronic non-communicable diseases. Subjects who declared that they were afflicted by diseases presented significantly lower utility scores, ranging from 0.823 (0.766–0.880) for memory-related diseases to 0.978 (0.967–0.989) for hepatic diseases. Regional population norms of HRQoL are needed in the health economic study owing to the great socioeconomic differences across regions in China. The present study provides HRQoL population norms for adults in southern Jiangsu. These norm values could help policy makers better allocate limited health resources and prioritize service plans.
Flexure and shear response of an impulsively loaded rigid-plastic beam by enhanced linear complementarity approach
Authors: Khan Azam , Tariq Moiz , Ullah Asad , Khan Niaz B. , Jameel Mohammed 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe linear complementarity approach has been utilized as a systematic and unified numerical process for determining the response of a rigid-plastic structure subjected to impulsive loading. However, the popular Lemke Algorithm for solving linear complementarity problems (LCP) encounters numerical instability issues whilst tracing the response of structures under extreme dynamic loading. This paper presents an efficient LCP approach with an enhanced initiation subroutine for resolving the numerical difficulties of the solver. The numerical response of the impulsively loaded structures is affected by the initial velocity profile, which if not found correctly can undermine the overall response. In the current study, the initial velocity profile is determined by a Linear Programming (LP) subroutine minimizing the energy function. An example of a uniform impulsively loaded simply supported beam is adduced to show the validity and accuracy of the proposed approach. The beam is approximated with bending hinges having infinite resistance to shear. Comparison of the numerical results to the available closed-form solution confirms the excellent performance of the approach. However, a subsequent investigation into a beam having the same support conditions and the applied loading, but with bending and shear deformation, results in numerical instability despite optimizing the initial velocity profile. Thus a more generic description of kinetics and kinematics is proposed that can further enhance the numerical efficiency of the LCP formulation. The ensuing numerical results are compared with the available close form solution to assess the accuracy and efficiency of the developed approach.
The combined effect of physical activity and fruit and vegetable intake on decreasing cognitive decline in older Taiwanese adults
Authors: Wang Richard Szewei , Wang Bing-Long , Huang Yu-Ni , Wan Thomas T. H. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe factors associated with cognitive decline among older adults include physical activity and fruit and vegetable intake. However, the long-term effects of concomitant physical activity and fruit and vegetable intake are unknown. This 16-year longitudinal study explored the joint effect of mitigating cognitive decline in a cohort of older Taiwanese individuals. Five population-based surveys (Taiwan Longitudinal Survey on Aging [1999–2015]) involving 4440 respondents over 53 years old in 1999 were conducted. Cognitive function was assessed using the Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire (SPMSQ). The demographic, socioeconomic, health-related, behavioral, and disease status covariates were adjusted in the regression analysis. Trends in cognitive decline were observed over 16 years. The risk of cognitive decline decreased by 63% when high physical activity and high fruit and vegetable intake were combined (odds ratio 0.37; 95% confidence interval 0.23–0.59), indicating a potential combined effect of physical activity and fruit and vegetable intake on mitigating cognitive decline. These personal actions are safe, effective, and economical approaches to health promotion and disease prevention.
Microbial isolates with Anti-Pseudogymnoascus destructans activities from Western Canadian bat wings
Authors: Forsythe Adrian , Fontaine Nick , Bissonnette Julianna , Hayashi Brandon , Insuk Chadabhorn , Ghosh Soumya , Kam Gabrielle , Wong Aaron , Lausen Cori , Xu Jianping , Cheeptham Naowarat 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPseudogymnoascus destructans (Pd) is the causative agent of white-nose syndrome, which has resulted in the death of millions of bats in North America (NA) since 2006. Based on mortalities in eastern NA, the westward spread of infections likely poses a significant threat to western NA bats. To help prevent/reduce Pd infections in bats in western NA, we isolated bacteria from the wings of wild bats and screened for inhibitory activity against Pd. In total, we obtained 1,362 bacterial isolates from 265 wild bats of 13 species in western Canada. Among the 1,362 isolates, 96 showed inhibitory activity against Pd based on a coculture assay. The inhibitory activities varied widely among these isolates, ranging from slowing fungal growth to complete inhibition. Interestingly, host bats containing isolates with anti-Pd activities were widely distributed, with no apparent geographic or species-specific pattern. However, characteristics of roosting sites and host demography showed significant associations with the isolation of anti-Pd bacteria. Specifically, anthropogenic roosts and swabs from young males had higher frequencies of anti-Pd bacteria than those from natural roosts and those from other sex and age-groups, respectively. These anti-Pd bacteria could be potentially used to help mitigate the impact of WNS. Field trials using these as well as additional microbes from future screenings are needed in order to determine their effectiveness for the prevention and treatment against WNS.
Order to disorder in quasiperiodic composites
Authors: Morison David , Murphy N. Benjamin , Cherkaev Elena , Golden Kenneth M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFrom quasicrystalline alloys to twisted bilayer graphene, the study of material properties arising from quasiperiodic structure has driven advances in theory and applied science. Here we introduce a class of two-phase composites, structured by deterministic Moiré patterns, and we find that these composites display exotic behavior in their bulk electrical, magnetic, diffusive, thermal, and optical properties. With a slight change in the twist angle, the microstructure goes from periodic to quasiperiodic, and the transport properties switch from those of ordered to randomly disordered materials. This transition is apparent when we distill the relationship between classical transport coefficients and microgeometry into the spectral properties of an operator analogous to the Hamiltonian in quantum physics. We observe this order to disorder transition in terms of band gaps, field localization, and mobility edges analogous to Anderson transitions — even though there are no wave scattering or interference effects at play here.
Effectiveness of the Therapy Program for Management of Chronic Cough: Preliminary Data From a Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Ribeiro Vanessa Veis , Lopes Leonardo Wanderley , de Medeiros Camila Macêdo Araújo , da Silva Allan Carlos França , de Medeiros Neto Agostinho Hermes , Behlau Mara 
Published: June 2022

Purpose:
The purpose of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of the Therapy Program for Management of Chronic Cough (TMCC) in laryngeal sensations and symptoms related to the cough in individuals with chronic refractory cough (CRC).

Method:
This research is a randomized double-blind clinical trial (Register Number: RBR-4m6x29). Eleven participants were allocated to two groups by parallel randomization: The Experimental Group—consisting of six individuals who underwent the TMCC; and the Control Group—consisting of five individuals who underwent the Comprehensive Vocal Rehabilitation Program (CVRP). Two primary outcomes were analyzed: self-perception of laryngeal sensations (Newcastle Laryngeal Hypersensitivity Questionnaire [LHQ-Br]) and self-perception of symptoms of upper airway-related cough (Cough Severity Index [CSI-Br]). The two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to compare the evaluation moments and intervention groups. For multiple comparisons, the Tukey test with Bonferroni correction was used. To evaluate the effect size, eta partial square was used.

Results:
There was no difference between groups for any outcomes analyzed. There was a statistically significant difference with a large effect size for the moment factor in all outcomes. A statistically significant difference was observed with a large effect size for the interaction effect between group and moment for LHQ-Br total and CSI-Br psychological and functional.

Conclusions:
The TMCC and CVRP were effective for the rehabilitation of CRC, considering the viewpoint of the subject. The TMCC improved laryngeal sensations and psychological and functional symptoms, while CVRP was relevant to improve psychological and functional symptoms in individuals with CRC.
Research on calculated method for space electric field around HVDC transmission lines with buildings nearby
Authors: Liu Yingyi , Li Zhuqing , Wan Baoquan , Zhang Liang , Yuan Haiwen , Lai Jing 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHigh voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission technology has incomparable advantages in long‐distance and large‐capacity transmission. With the development of HVDC transmission technology, transmission lines inevitably pass through some densely populated and economically developed areas. Due to environmental considerations, the space electric field around the buildings that are adjacent to HVDC transmission lines has aroused increasing attention. However, it is hard to be predicted by simulation because of the calculation complexity. This paper proposed a new calculated method to obtain the composite electric field around HVDC transmission lines with adjacent residential buildings, and the validity and correctness of the method are verified by the experimental results. Then, the distortion of the electric field around the building and its impact on the design of the safe corridor width of the HVDC transmission line is analyzed. The proposed method, unlike existing methods, can be used to predict the space composite electric field distribution around HVDC transmission lines and their adjacent residences, which are of arbitrary material, shape, and size. It can provide guide for the optimal design of transmission line corridors.
Was hat die Ernährung mit der Wundheilung zu tun?
Authors: Renner Regina , Erfurt-Berge Cornelia 
Published: June 2022

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGBei einer Störung im Ablauf der Wundheilung kann es zu einem verzögerten oder fehlenden Wundverschluss kommen. Als ein möglicher Störfaktor gilt die Ernährung. Man muss zwischen quantitativer und qualitativer Mangelernährung unterscheiden. Gerade übergewichtige Patienten leiden oft an einer qualitativen Mangelernährung und Sarkopenie.Spezifische Erkrankungen machen eine entsprechende diätetische Nahrungsempfehlung notwendig. So findet man bei dialysepflichtigen Patienten, Dekubitus-Patienten und Ulcus cruris-Patienten oft einen Eiweißmangel. Auch niedrige Level an Vitamin C, Zink, Folsäure, Vitamin D oder Spurenelementen können die Wundheilung negativ beeinflussen.Größere prospektive Studien sollten klären, ob eine Substitution dieser Mangelzustände den gewünschten positiven Effekt auf die Wundheilung hat. Es erscheint aber sinnvoll, eine ausgewogene Ernährung und an die individuellen Ernährungsgewohnheiten angepasste Verbesserung der Aufnahme von Vitaminen, Spurenelementen und Eiweißen anzustreben.