bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends in the choice of personal names in Latvia and other Baltic countries: a comparative aspect
Authors: Balode Laimute 
Published: November 2022

The article deals with the recent tendencies of the names given to new-borns in Latvia during the last 18 years. This study provides a short comparison between the contemporary anthroponymic stock and the historical data, i.e., with the most popular names 100 years ago – at the beginning of the 20th century. Nowadays newborns are given two or even three names. An inherited name in the family has often been chosen as a second name, even more frequently the second name reflects national identity – especially in mixed families. More and more parents choose international, easily pronounced, short names, preferably without diacritical marks. The number of new borrowed foreign first names increased rapidly not only in Latvia, but in all Baltic countries. One of the motivations for the newborn’s name is originality: a lot of neologisms based on Latvian/Lithuanian/Estonian appellatives, mostly with the primary semantics of nature, have been coined. Quite often the names change their gender. Whereas the diminutive forms as official names in Latvia and Lithuania are not popular anymore. It is rather fashionable to give the first names of toponymic origin. The article also presents public attitudes towards these changes. A short overview on the comparison of the latest tendencies in the neighbouring countries – Lithuania, Estonia and Finland – is given as well.
Clinical-immunological phenotypes of the autistic spectrum disorders
Authors: Cherevko N. A. , Khudiakova M. I. , Klimov V. V. , Novikov P. S. , Nikitina A. A. , Berezovskaya K. V. , Koshkarova N. S. , Denisov A. A. 
Published: November 2022

Autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) affect about one in every 59 children. It is noteworthy that patients with ASD are more likely to have other comorbidities than the general population. Undoubtedly, they may aggravate clinical course of the underlying disease or affect the diagnostics. The aim of this work was to identify clinical and immunological phenotypes of the ASD clinical course. Patients and methods. The study included children classified in 2 groups: pediatric patients with ASD (n = 100), and clinically healthy children (n = 30). Based on the presence of comorbidities, the children were divided into 3 types of clinical patterns: convulsive, infectious, dermato-respiratory and gastrointestinal phenotypes. Cytokine concentrations in blood serum were determined by ELISA using Bender Medsystems (Austria) for IL-17А and Vector-Best (Russia) for IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IFNγ. The concentration of spIgG to 111 nutritional antigens (IgG) was determined by a modified ELISA method using the Immunohealth™ technique. Assessment of cognitive and psychophysiological indices in children was carried out using the ATEC questionnaire. As a result of the study, clinical and immunological phenotypes were identified among the ASD patients, being associated with certain types of food tolerance, cytokine profile, clinical severity of psycho-physiological disorders and concomitant comorbid diseases. In all four phenotypes, were have revealed an increased synthesis of specific antibodies associated with humoral immunity for the studied food antigens, increased concentration of total spIgG to food antigens, concentration of spIgG to legumes and casein, and C-reactive protein levels.Moreover, in convulsive phenotype (concomitant epilepsy and convulsions), the maximal concentrations of spIgG are shown for Solanaceae products, the concentration of IL-10 is increased, IL-4 amounts are reduced, and the content of serum iron and ferritin is also lowered. In the infectious phenotype (frequently ill children) the spIg’s to grain and fermented products are detected, IL-10 and IFNγ concentrations are increased and IL-4 contents is reduced, along with increased absolute and relative number of lymphocytes and fibrinogen. In the dermato-respiratory phenotype (skin rashes) – to dairy products, the concentrations of IL-4 and IL-17A are increased. In the gastrointestinal phenotype, the highest number of elevated IgG responses to the largest range of food antigens was found in presence of changing cytokine profile , i.e., an increase in IFNγ in IFNγ/IL-4 and IFNγ/IL-10 ratios. Thus, the identified phenotypes of the ASD course are associated with the influence of food antigens and reflect a special variant of the immunological inflammatory pathogenesis, which makes it possible to personalize elimination diets, propose measures for correction and individual prevention, and, probably, to predict clinical course of the disease.
Do weak readers in rural India automatically read same language subtitles on Bollywood films? An eye gaze analysis
Authors: Arjun Somnath , Kothari Brij , Shah Nirav Kumar , Biswas Pradipta 
Published: November 2022

Same Language Subtitling (SLS) of audio-visual content on mainstream TV entertainment to improve mass reading literacy was first conceived and piloted in India. SLS is now being scaled up nationally to ensure that the reading skills of one billion TV viewers, including 600 million weak readers, remain on a lifelong pathway to practice, progress, and proficiency. Will weak readers ignore or try to read along with SLS? Our eye-tracking study investigates this question with 136 weak readers drawn from a remote village in Rajasthan state by showing them popular Hindi film clips of dialog and songs, with and without SLS. We developed an interactive web-based visual analytics tool for exploring eye-tracking data. Based on an analysis of fixations, saccades, and time spent in the subtitle and non-subtitle areas, our main finding is that 70 percent of weak readers engaged in unprompted reading while watching film clips with SLS. We observed that saccadic eye movement is a good indicator to quantify the amount of reading with SLS, and saccadic regression can further differentiate weak readers. Eye-tracking studies of weak readers watching subtitles are rare, and ours may be the first with subjects from rural India.
Evaluation of risk factors and clinical presentation of adenoid hypertrophy among children attending the pediatric outpatient department of tertiary care hospital in Dhaka division
Authors: Alam Morshed , Razzak M. Abdur , Rahman S. M. Azizur , Islam Sofiqul , Akter Shaheen 
Published: November 2022

Background: Adenoid hypertrophy (AH), also known as enlarged adenoid, refers to the unusual growth of the adenoids. AH and its consequences are common in the entire childhood period. The adenoids are small masses of lymphatic tissue located in the upper airway, between the nose and the back of the throat.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2021 to December 2021 over a period of 12 months. All the children aged 1-18 years attending the pediatric outpatient department (OPD) who had known risk factors or sign-symptoms of AH underwent a lateral nasopharyngeal x-ray to confirm the presence of an enlarged adenoid. Those children who had enlarged adenoids were analyzed in this study.Results: A total of 1289 children aged 1-18 years attended the pediatric OPD over 1 year of the study period, out of them, 118 had evidence of enlarged adenoid on lateral nasopharyngeal x-ray, giving a prevalence of 2.3%. Among the 118 radiologically proved AH cases, 112 (95%) were symptomatic and 6 (5%) were asymptomatic having risk factors only. The peak age of diagnosis of AH in this study was between 12-72 months (43.4%). The mean age of presentation was 100.6±58 months. There was a male predominance with male to female ratio of 1.6:1. AH may be presented without symptoms in 5% of cases or may be presented with complications such as OSA (27%), adenoid facies (14%), and otitis media with effusion with or without hearing impairment (13%).Conclusions: The prevalence of AH among children attending the pediatric outpatient department was 2%, of them 18% had an indication for adenoidectomy. The most common two clinical presentations were mouth breathing and nasal obstruction and the most common complication was obstructive sleep apnea.
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour of an unusual site in an infant
Authors: Chidurala Rahul , Sneha Latha M. , Kothandan Balaji Thiruvengadam , Aruncahalam Ravikumar , Jeyabalakrishnan Shivapriya , Arumugam Vasugi Gramani , Periyakaruppan Gokulakrishnan 
Published: November 2022

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors are rare mesenchymal tumors of intermediate malignant potential, usually seen in the first or second decades of life. They have a high local recurrence rate but rarely metastasize. The involvement of paranasal sinuses or the nasal cavity is relatively uncommon, especially in infants. In children, there is a predilection for the abdominal cavity and it is rare in infants. Complete surgical excision is the treatment of choice. We report a case of a 10-month-old girl with an inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the left nasal cavity and sinuses who was initially treated with chemotherapy in view of the complicated surgical process and later underwent near-total resection as she was not responding to chemotherapy. Knowledge of such tumors among physicians and ENT surgeons will improve the prognosis, as completely excised tumors have a very low recurrence rate and adjuvant therapy may not be needed.
Chromosome number and phenotypic variations in hybrid populations of diploid and triploid in Hemerocallis
Authors: Guan Chunjing , Ren Yi , Cui Yuxuan , Wang Ying , Rong Liu , Gao YiKe , Zhang QiXiang 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The main objective of the present study was to identify chromosome number variation in the progenies from triploid × diploid (3x × 2x) crosses in daylilies to analyze the survival of aneuploid embryos and the trait variation of progeny (e.g., plant height, flower diameter, and flower opening and closing time), and fully tap into the potential of triploid daylilies for daylily breeding. The results showed that the fruits of crosses fully developed, and seedlings were obtained from the two hybrid groups, indicating that male sterile triploid Hemerocallis fulva can be used as a female. Chromosome preparation showed that the progenies were predominantly aneuploid. Based on megasporogenesis, we deduce that the endosperm of 3x × 2x is 7x in H. fulva and conclude that the aneuploid embryo survival of 3x × 2x in Hemerocallis is the result of the euploid endosperm. The analysis of trait variation showed that most of the morphological characters were separated in the F1 generation. The F1 plants were nocturnal-flowering. The results suggest that flower opening time in the evening is partially dominant to that in the morning. The main objectives of our study were to evaluate daylily tolerance to karyotypic imbalance and enhance our understanding of flowers’ ability to predict and adapt to daily environmental changes.
Effects of 0.05% cyclosporine A eye drops on ocular surface microbiome in patients with mild to moderate dry eye syndrome
Authors: Chen Jing , Jiang Huimin , Wu Sainan , Qi Xiaoxuan , Liang Chunmei , Zhang Qing 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose

To evaluate the effects of topical use of 0.05% cyclosporine A eye drops for three months on ocular surface microbiome in patients with mild to moderate dry eye syndrome.

Methods

In this study, 14 patients(28 eyes) diagnosed with dry eye syndrome were enrolled. All patients used 0.05% cyclosporine A eye drops twice a day combined with 0.3% sodium hyaluronate eye drops four times a day for three consecutive months. The ocular surface parameters and tear samples were detected before using the medication, and six weeks, three months after using the medication. The results were recorded as V1, V2 and V3, respectively. The test indexes included the scores of the Chinese Dry Eye Questionnaire, Schirmer's Ⅰ test, inferior corneal staining scores (ICSS), fluorescein staining tear film breaking time (FBUT), noninvasive tear breakup time-average (NITBUT-av), tear meniscus height (TMH) and ocular redness index (ORI). Also, the differences of ocular surface microbiome between V1 and V3 were compared by the 16S rRNA gene sequencing technology.

Results

Two of the ocular surface parameters were significantly improved after three months of treatment, which were FBUT (PV1−V2=0.017, PV1−V3=0.001) and ICSS (PV1−V2=0.036, PV1−V3=0.001). However, CDEQ, Schirmer's Ⅰtest, TMH, NTBUT-av and ORI showed no statistical significance in our study. We analyzed the samples by the 16s RNA gene sequencing technology, and the results suggested that the analysis of the alpha diversity, beta diversity and bacteria abundance revealed no significant difference between V1 and V3.

Conclusion

Topical application of 0.05% cyclosporine A eye drops twice a day combined with 0.3% sodium hyaluronate eye drops four times a day can relieve the symptoms and signs of patients with dry eye syndrome. However, it showed little effect on the microbiome of ocular surface over the course of our study.

Trial registration

This study was also registered in Chinese Clinical Trials Registry (ChiCTR2100042465) On 22/01/2021.
There is No Place Like Home — Finding Birth Radii of Stars in the Milky Way
Authors: Lu Yuxi(Lucy) , Minchev Ivan , Buck Tobias , Khoperskov Sergey , Steinmetz Matthias , Cescutti Gabriele , Freeman Kenneth 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Stars move away from their birth places over time via a process known as radial migration, which blurs chemo-kinematic relations used for reconstructing the Milky Way formation history. One of the ultimate goals of Galactic Archaeology, therefore, is to find stars’ birth aggregates in the disk via chemical tagging. Here we show that stellar birth radii can be derived directly from the data with minimum prior assumptions on the Galactic enrichment history. We recover the time evolution of the stellar birth metallicity gradient, d[Fe/H](R, τ)/dR, through its inverse relation to the metallicity range as a function of age today, allowing us to place any star with age and metallicity measurements back to its birthplace, Rb. Applying our method to a high-precision large data set of Milky Way disk subgiant stars, we find a steepening of the birth metallicity gradient from 11 to 8 Gyr ago, which coincides with the time of the last major merger, Gaia-Sausage-Enceladus (GSE). This transition appears to play a major role in shaping both the age-metallicity relation and the bimodality in the [α/Fe]-[Fe/H] plane. By dissecting the disk into mono-Rb populations, clumps in the low-[α/Fe] sequence appear, which are not seen in the total sample and coincide in time with known star-formation bursts. We estimated that the Sun was born at 4.5 +- 0.4 kpc from the Galactic center. Our Rb estimates provide the missing piece needed to recover the Milky Way formation history, while the by-product, [Fe/H](R, τ), can be used as the thus-far missing prior for chemical evolution modeling.
In vitro antiplasmodial activity and toxicological profile of extracts, fractions and chemical constituents of leaves and stem bark of Dacryodes edulis (Burseraceae)
Authors: Dongmo Kevine Johane Jumeta , Tali Mariscal Brice Tchatat , Fongang Yannick Stéphane Fotsing , Taguimjeu Pierre Leonel K. Tafokeu , Kagho Donald Ulrich Kenou , Bitchagno Gabin Thierry , Lenta Bruno Ndjakou , Fekam Fabrice Boyom , Sewald Norbert , Ngouela Silvère Augustin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Dacryodes edulis is a plant that belongs to the Burseraceae family. It is widely used traditionally alone or in association with other plants in Cameroonian folk medicine to cure wounds, fever, headaches, and malaria. The aim of this work was to investigate the leaves and stem bark of D. edulis with an emphasis on the antiplasmodial and cytotoxic effects on extracts, fractions and isolated compounds.
Methods
Extracts, fractions, and some isolated compounds were subjected to antiplasmodial activity screening in vitro against chloroquine-sensitive 3D7 and multidrug resistant Dd2 strains of Plasmodium falciparum using a SyBr Green fluorescence-based assay. The cytotoxicity of active extracts, fractions, and compounds was tested against mammalian Raw cell lines using an in vitro resazurin-based viability assay. The structures of the compounds were determined based on their NMR and MS data. The in vivo toxicity using female BALB/c mice was performed on the most active extract according to the protocol of OECD (2001), guideline 423.
Results
The hydroethanolic extract from the leaves of D. edulis displayed good antiplasmodial activity with IC50 values of 3.10 and 3.56 µg/mL respectively on sensitive (3D7) and multiresistant (Dd2) strains of P. falciparum. Of the sixteen compounds isolated, 3,3′,4-tri-O-methylellagic acid (4) exhibited the highest antiplasmodial activity against PfDd2 strains with an IC50 value of 0.63 µg/mL. All extracts, fractions, and isolated compounds demonstrated cytotoxicity against Raw cell lines with CC50 > 250 µg/mL. In addition, the most active extract on both strains of P. falciparum was nontoxic in vivo, with an LD50 greater than 2000 and 5000 mg/kg. A phytochemical survey of the stem bark and leaves of D. edulis afforded sixteen compounds, including two xanthones (1–2), three ellagic acid derivatives (3–5), one phenolic compound (6), one depside (7), one triglyceride (8), one auranthiamide acetate (9), one gallic acid derivative (10), four triterpenoids (11–14), and two steroids (15–16). Compounds 1, 2, 5, 7, 8, and 9 were herein reported for the first time from the Burseraceae family.
Conclusion
This work highlight the good antiplasmodial potency of the hydroethanolic extract of the leaves of this plant and the antiplasmodial activity of 2 of its constituents (3,3′,4-tri-O-methylellagic acid and ethylgallate) in vitro. These biological results confirmed the use of D. edulis in traditional medicine against malaria.
Endogenous Endophthalmitis at a Tertiary Referral Center in China: A Retrospective Study Over Three Decades
Authors: Zhang Wenfei , Zhao Xinyu , Chen Huan , Meng Lihui , Chen Youxin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the etiology, pathogens, treatment, and prognosis of endogenous endophthalmitis (EE).
Methods
Patients diagnosed with EE over three decades at Peking Union Medical College Hospital were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. Clinical characteristics with different causes were evaluated, and a subgroup analysis of different initial treatment methods was conducted.
Results
A total of 97 eyes from 81 patients were included. Diabetes mellitus (DM) was the most common predisposing medical condition (34.6%). Klebsiella pneumoniae (31.3%) and Candida albicans (32.8%) were the most common pathogens. Liver abscess (20.6%) was the predominant cause of EE. More than 70% of patients with liver abscesses had DM, which was significantly more than other etiologies (P < 0.05). EE due to liver abscess had a worse initial visual acuity (P < 0.05). Surgical interventions for EE due to liver abscess were significantly shorter than those for other causes (P < 0.05), but the prognosis was poorer. Forty percent of eyes underwent evisceration/enucleation (P < 0.05). Patients who initially underwent pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) + silicone oil tamponade underwent fewer total treatments, and no eyes required additional intravitreal injections (P < 0.05).
Conclusion
EE was a devastating intraocular disease with poor visual prognosis. The initial condition and prognosis of EE after liver abscess were the worst. PPV + silicone oil tamponade as an initial treatment may reduce additional therapy.
Effects of drought stress on the functional traits and rhizosphere microbial community structure of Cyperus esculentus
Authors: Liu Binshuo , Li Ming , Hu Yunhang , Xue Honghai , Wang Ying , Li Zhonghe 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Drought is a major factor limiting plant growth. Plants cope with stress via morphophysiological responses. However, it is unclear whether plant root-microbe interactions improve plant stress tolerance. We conducted a pot experiment on Cyperus esculentus wherein we subjected it to various drought levels and analyzed the functional traits of its aboveground and belowground organs. High-throughput sequencing was used to study the structure and diversity of the microbial community in the rhizosphere. Drought stress substantially lowered the densities of the leaves, stems, roots, and seeds relative to the untreated control. Drought stress inhibited the growth and reduced the yield of C. esculentus. The leaves and seeds have higher water content and are more sensitive to drought stress than the roots. Change in shoot height was the most evident response of C. esculentus to drought stress. Plants under drought stress reduced their leaf area and assumed a specific leaf weight to maintain photosynthetic performance. Rhizosphere fungi were more sensitive to drought stress than rhizosphere bacteria. Drought-stressed C. esculentus maintained their photosynthetic performance by reducing shoot height and leaf area while assuming a stable specific leaf weight. Drought stress exerted a significantly stronger negative impact on rhizosphere fungi than rhizosphere bacteria.
Integrative metabolomics and proteomics analysis of human dental pulp stem cells during osteo/odontogenic differentiation
Authors: Luo Haiyun , Tian Qinglu , Zhou Yachuan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackground Metabolism remodeling is essential for fulfilling the energetic demands and anabolic purposes that is prerequisite for new cellular state. How metabolic fluctuations coordinate and modulate the stem cell fate transition in mineralized tissue regeneration was largely unknown. The integrated metabolomic-proteomics analysis revealed dynamic metabolites and proteins profiles during osteo/odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). Methods UHPLS-MS/MS untargeted metabolomics and DIA proteomics were utilized to reveal the dynamic metabolites and proteins profiles during osteo/odontogenic differentiation of hDPSCs. The integrative analysis of metabolome and proteome was performed to illustrate the metabolite remodeling and protein engagement during mineralization. Results A total of 194 differently expressed metabolites, and 4706 differently expressed proteins in hDPSCs were found during osteo/odontogenic differentiation. The integrated metabolomic-proteomics analysis showed close agreement in metabolism pathways. Glycolysis and TCA cycle were enhanced, accompanying by ATP molecule accumulation. Fatty acid degradation displayed highly upregulated with increased degradation enzymes to product CoA. Nucleotide and amino acid metabolism exhibited increased biosynthesis to fulfilled the demand along differentiation. Specially, glutathione metabolism was highly stimulated and may play a role in oxidation resistance. Conclusions Our study firstly gets the metabolomics-proteomics landscape of hDPSCs during osteo/odontogenic differentiation. It provided new insights into the regulatory metabolism during hDPSCs differentiation and shed light on the possibility of metabolic engineering in mineralized tissue regeneration.