bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of Forensic Anthropology in Disaster Victim Identification (DVI)
Authors: Sharma Alok , Waghmode Avinash H. 
Published: January 2022

DNA profiling is one of the most dependable and well-organized methods for recognizing bodies or losing body parts in disaster victim identification (DVI). This necessitates the collection of a post-mortem DNA sample and an antemortem DNA sample from the alleged victim or a biological related people. Collecting an acceptable ante mortem sample is usually effortless, but because of the varying degree of preservation of the human remains after any disaster and very high risk of cross-contamination of DNA, obtaining an adequate standard post mortem sample under cold DVI conditions is difficult. Various post mortem DNA samples from a deceased person in DVI can be obtained from muscle, bone including femur and ribs, teeth, and bone marrow with the slightest possibility of contamination.
DVI (disaster victim identification) has been used to identify deceased people in various famous disasters like the 9/11 attack of the terrorist group al-Qaeda against the United States, Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 from Amsterdam to Kuala Lumpur that was shot down on 17 July 2014 while flying over eastern Ukraine. All 283 passengers and 15 crew members were killed; the 26/11 attack on Mumbai in 2008 led by terrorist organizations caused 166 deaths, excluding nine terrorists.
According to Interpol protocol, four steps for identification are given importance:
1 – Site examination, which lasts for days to weeks.
2 – Post-mortem data include fingerprints, odontology, DNA profiling and physical indication.
3 – Ante-mortem data collected from victim houses.
4 – Reconciliation where specialists identify the victim from the data collected.
A Cross Sectional Study on Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Exclusive Breast Feeding among Women of Reproductive Age Group in Chennai, Tamil Nadu
Authors: Thanigavel P. Tejesh , Priya F. Margaret Harriet 
Published: January 2022

Aim & Objectives: To assess the knowledge and attitude on exclusive breast feeding among reproductive age group women in Chennai.
Materials and Methodology This is a cross sectional quantitative descriptive study. The data was collected by handing out physical questionnaire forms to volunteers or by sending a link of the google form format of the same questionnaire. The data was collected from February 2021 to September 2021. The both physical and online forms data collected were compiled with help of Microsoft Excel. These compiled data were then analyzed using SPSS 16.0 software. All the frequencies and percentages were also obtained from this.
Results: In this study a total of 342 volunteers participated, all belonging to the reproductive age group i.e., 15 years to 45 years. Majority of the participants were among the age group 20 to 30 years belonging to both married and unmarried category. Out of the 342 volunteers, 74.2% (254) of the participants planned to breast feed their infants for several months. 60% of participants had scored more than 75% overall. The lowest score seen was 26/40 points. So no one in my study had low knowledge (less than 20). The knowledge percentage and attitude percentage here are 68.6% 65.4% respectively. My interpretation of the knowledge and attitude is that we need to increase the knowledge about the term “Exclusive Breast Feeding” and also encourage the mothers to breast feed their infants.
Conclusion: Although most have scored more than 75%, some important questions were chosen incorrectly. This might be mostly due to the fact that there is lack of knowledge with respect to the term “exclusive” breastfeeding. This suggests that there has to be more awareness created amongst the youth population, who are tomorrow’s mothers. The need for them to know the importance of these matters lies in hands being doctors. It should be taught from school level itself.
Effectiveness of Myofascial Release vs High Frequency TENS for Pain Relief and Functional Improvement in College Students with Trapezius Myalgia: A Comparative Study
Authors: Joshi Aditi , Jawade Swapna , Chitale Neha 
Published: January 2022

Background: Trapezius Myalgia is characterized by pain in the trapezius muscle. The patient suffering from myalgia usually complaints of pain, stiffness and tightness of the upper trapezius muscle. Acute or chronic neck-shoulder pain is the hallmark of this condition. The pain in the muscle usually lasts for few days or it can be even longer. The presence of spasm in upper trapezius muscle is shown by neck pain in the back of the neck and between the bases of the neck and the shoulder. This protocol has been created that describes the design of experimental study to evaluate and compare the effect of Myofascial Release (MFR) versus High-Frequency TENS for pain relief and functional improvement in subjects with Trapezius Myalgia.
Methods: The participants (n=45) will be recruited in the study suffering from Trapezius Myalgia and meeting the inclusion criteria. Two groups will be formed such that group A will be treated with Myofascial Release technique and group B will be treated with High Frequency TENS modality. The protocol will cover 4 weeks of treatment. Regular assessment will be carried out on 1st and 4th week of the rehabilitation period. During the rehabilitation period, we will evaluate pain status and functional improvement and range of motion of the neck in the subject at regular intervals. Our outcome measures will be – Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) and Neck Disability Index (NDI).
Discussion: The efficacy of the intervention will be evaluated by analyzing pain relief using Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) and functional improvement by using Neck Disability Index (NDI). The result of the study will significantly provide affirmation on using these modalities for treating myalgia patients.
CTAB Reverse Micelles as Catalysts for the Oxidation of Ascorbic Acid by K3[Fe(CN)6]
Authors: Bhargavi K. , Shyamala P. , Chakravarthi P S S , Nagalakshmi K V 
Published: January 2022

The oxidation of ascorbic acid by K3[Fe(CN)6] was studied in reverse micellar systems composed of CTAB (Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide), and it was found the observed first order (k1(aq) = 5.2×10−5 s−1, k1(rev) = 61.4×10−4 s−1) rate constant in reverse micellar medium is around forty times higher compared to aqueous medium under identical conditions. The rate enhancement (k2(aq) = 0.9×10−5 mole−1.dm3.sec−1, k2(rev) = 1.75×10−3 mole−1.dm3.sec−1) is attributed to the large concentration effect and lower dielectric constant in the reverse micelles. The rate of the reaction increases with increase in W = {[H2O]/[surfactant]} which is explained in terms of ionic strength of the water pool. The effect of surfactant concentration on rate was explained on the basis of Berezin pseudo phase model. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Quality assurance for on‐table adaptive magnetic resonance guided radiation therapy: A software tool to complement secondary dose calculation and failure modes discovered in clinical routine
Authors: Rippke Carolin , Schrenk Oliver , Renkamp C. Katharina , Buchele Carolin , Hörner‐Rieber Juliane , Debus Jürgen , Alber Markus , Klüter Sebastian 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOnline adaption of treatment plans on a magnetic resonance (MR)‐Linac enables the daily creation of new (adapted) treatment plans using current anatomical information of the patient as seen on MR images. Plan quality assurance (QA) relies on a secondary dose calculation (SDC) that is required because a pretreatment measurement is impossible during the adaptive workflow. However, failure mode and effect analysis of the adaptive planning process shows a large number of error sources, and not all of them are covered by SDC. As the complex multidisciplinary adaption process takes place under time pressure, additional software solutions for pretreatment per‐fraction QA need to be used. It is essential to double‐check SDC input to ensure a safe treatment delivery. Here, we present an automated treatment plan check tool for adaptive radiotherapy (APART) at a 0.35 T MR‐Linac. It is designed to complement the manufacturer‐provided adaptive QA tool comprising SDC. Checks performed by APART include contour analysis, electron density map examinations, and fluence modulation complexity controls. For nine of 362 adapted fractions (2.5%), irregularities regarding missing slices in target volumes and organs at risks as well as in margin expansion of target volumes have been found. This demonstrates that mistakes occur and can be detected by additional QA measures, especially contour analysis. Therefore, it is recommended to implement further QA tools additional to what the manufacturer provides to facilitate an informed decision about the quality of the treatment plan.
Reproducibility of deep inspiration breath‐hold technique for left‐side breast cancer with respiratory monitoring device, Abches
Authors: Saito Masahide , Kajihara Daichi , Suzuki Hidekazu , Komiyama Takafumi , Marino Kan , Aoki Shinichi , Ueda Koji , Sano Naoki , Onishi Hiroshi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to evaluate the reproducibility of deep inspiration breath‐hold (DIBH) using a respiratory control device, Abches, in patients with left‐sided breast cancer.Material and methodsAbches comprises a main body, an indicator panel, and two fulcrums, one each on the chest and abdomen. Forty left side breast cancer patients treated with DIBH using abches were enrolled in this study. For all patients, CT images were taken three times to confirm the target position inside the body and to check the breath‐hold reproducibility. Three anatomical points on the nipple, sternum, and heart were selected as measurement points on CT images. After measuring the coordinates, breath‐hold reproducibility was defined as the mean of the absolute difference in the coordinates between the three CT images. The maximum differences were also investigated. In addition, the dice similarity coefficient (DSC) was calculated to examine the displacement of the heart volume in detail. Moreover, digitally reconstructed radiographs (DRRs) and linac graphs (LGs) were used to measure the positional accuracy of the chest and heart.ResultsThe reproducibility in all patients was within 0.75 mm for the nipple, 0.78 mm for the sternum, and 2.18 mm for the heart in each direction. Similarly, the maximum displacements for all patients were within 1.90 mm, 1.69 mm, and 4.75 mm, respectively, in each direction. For heart volume, the average DSC for all cases was 0.93 ± 0.01. The differences between the DRR and LG images were 1.70 ± 1.10 mm and 2.10 ± 1.60 mm, for the chest and heart, respectively.ConclusionOur study showed that DIBH using Abches can be performed with good target reproducibility of less than 3 mm with proper breath‐hold practice, whereas the heartbeat‐derived reproducibility of the cardiac position is poor and needs to be monitored carefully during treatment simulation
Adaptive fixed‐time fuzzy control for nonlinear systems with actuator faults
Authors: Bai Wen , Xiaoping Liu Peter , Wang Huanqing 
Published: January 2022

SummaryThis article copes with the adaptive fixed‐time funnel control problem for a class of nonlinear systems with actuator faults. To deal with the difficulties due to actuator faults, which include both lock‐in‐place and loss‐of‐effectiveness models, an adaptive fault‐tolerant control scheme is proposed. By introducing the fuzzy logic system and backstepping technique, an adaptive fixed‐time controller is developed to ensure that the tracking error converges into a pre‐specified performance funnel within a fixed time, which is independent on the initial state, and in the meantime, the controlled closed‐loop system remains semi‐global fixed‐time bounded stable and all the signals are bounded. Simulation results verify the proposed approach.
P‐Doped NiTe2 with Te‐Vacancies in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries Prevents Shuttling and Promotes Polysulfide Conversion
Authors: Yao Weiqi , Tian Chengxiang , Yang Chao , Xu Jie , Meng Yufeng , Manke Ingo , Chen Nan , Wu Ziling , Zhan Liang , Wang Yanli , Chen Renjie 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries have been hindered by the shuttle effect and sluggish polysulfide conversion kinetics. Here, a P‐doped nickel tellurium electrocatalyst with Te‐vacancies (P⊂NiTe2−x) anchored on maize‐straw carbon (MSC) nanosheets, served as a functional layer (MSC/P⊂NiTe2−x) on the separator of high‐performance Li–S batteries. The P⊂NiTe2−x electrocatalyst enhanced the intrinsic conductivity, strengthened the chemical affinity for polysulfides, and accelerated sulfur redox conversion. The MSC nanosheets enabled NiTe2 nanoparticle dispersion and Li+ diffusion. In situ Raman and ex situ X‐ray absorption spectra confirmed that the MSC/P⊂NiTe2−x restrained the shuttle effect and accelerated the redox conversion. The MSC/P⊂NiTe2−x‐based cell has a cyclability of 637 mAh g‐1 at 4 C over 1800 cycles with a degradation rate of 0.0139% per cycle, high rate performance of 726 mAh g‐1 at 6 C, and a high areal capacity of 8.47 mAh cm‐2 under a sulfur configuration of 10.2 mg cm‐2, and a low electrolyte/sulfur usage ratio of 3.9. This work demonstrates that vacancy‐induced doping of heterogeneous atoms enables durable sulfur electrochemistry and can impact future electrocatalytic designs related to various energy‐storage applications.
A Facile, Protein‐Derived Supramolecular Theranostic Strategy for Multimodal‐Imaging‐Guided Photodynamic and Photothermal Immunotherapy In Vivo
Authors: Cheng Hong‐Bo , Dai Hao , Tan Xiaoqiong , Li Hao , Liang Huihui , Hu Chenyan , Huang Mingwei , Lee Jin Yong , Zhao Jing , Zhou Liming , Wang Yuguang , Zhang Liqun , Yoon Juyoung 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTheranostic systems that permit both diagnosis and treatment in vivo are highly appealing means by which to meet the demands of precision medicine. However, most such systems remain subject to issues related to complex molecular design and synthesis, potential toxicity, and possible photoactivity changes. Herein, a novel supramolecular theranostic strategy involving biomarker protein activation (BPA) and a host–guest strategy is proposed. To exemplify BPA, a facile “one‐for‐all” nanotheranostic agent for both albumin detection and cancer treatment is demonstrated, which utilizes a nanoparticulate heavy‐atom‐free BODIPY dye derivative (B4 NPs). The fluorescence and photoactivity of BODIPY dyes are completely suppressed by aggregation‐induced self‐quenching in the nanoparticulate state. However, a Balb/c nude mouse model is used to confirm that following the disassembly of injected B4 NPs, BODIPY specifically binds albumin in vivo, accompanied by significantly enhanced biocompatibility and photothermal conversion efficiency. More importantly, this supramolecular host–guest BPA strategy enables the resultant nanoplatform to act as a facile and efficient strategy for photodynamic and photothermal immunotherapy.
Structure, Composition, Transport Properties, and Electrochemical Performance of the Electrode‐Electrolyte Interphase in Non‐Aqueous Na‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Muñoz‐Márquez Miguel Ángel , Zarrabeitia Maider , Passerini Stefano , Rojo Teófilo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRechargeable Li‐ion battery technology has progressed due to the development of a suitable combination of electroactive materials, binders, electrolytes, additives, and electrochemical cycling protocols that resulted in the formation of a stable electrode‐electrolyte interphase. It is expected that Na‐ion technology will attain a position comparable to Li‐ion batteries dependent on advancements in establishing a stable electrode‐electrolyte interphase. However, Li and Na are both alkali metals with similar characteristics, yet the physicochemical properties of these systems differ. For this reason, a detailed study on the electrode‐electrolyte interphase properties, composition, and structure is required to understand the factors that influence the battery's behavior. Herein, the research that has been performed on the electrode‐electrolyte interphase for both anode and cathode in the most important families of electrode materials, including carbonate ester‐based and advanced electrolytes such as ether‐based carbonates and ionic liquids is presented.
Light‐Induced Solid‐State Protrusion of Gold Nanowires and Their Derivatives for Sensing Applications
Authors: Wang Shuangshuang , Yao Jiacheng , Lu Xiaolin , Ding Tao 
Published: January 2022

AbstractGold nanowires (AuNWs) have been one of the key components for nanoelectronics and optoelectronic devices but the fabrication has been poorly customized for this purpose even though diverse synthetic strategies bloomed over the last decades. Here, the concept of light‐induced protrusion of AuNWs directly from solid state substrate is demonstrated, which is highly compatible for on‐chip fabrication of functional nanodevices. This is realized by irradiating the Au ion‐doped titanium dioxide (TiO2) films with continuous wave laser. The blue laser triggers the reduction and nucleation of Au(0) which grows vertically into AuNW bundles with diffusion‐controlled supply of Au ions within the TiO2 matrix. Thus, the morphology of the AuNWs can be tuned with irradiation time/power as well as the ion concentration, which can derive into Au nanorings (NRs) and NR stacks in 1D photonic crystal with reduced plasmon linewidth. Such light‐induced protrusion can also generate nanopillars by introducing Au seeds before irradiation. The surface‐enhanced Raman scattering performance of the AuNW bundles is excellent with fm detection limit. Such laser‐directed solid‐state growth technique is facile, versatile, cost‐effective site‐selective, ligand‐free, and wafer‐scalable, which opens up many promising applications in (bio)chemical sensing, photovoltaics, photocatalysis, plasmonic displays, and integrated nanoelectronic/optoelectronic devices.
Recent Progress in Production Methods for Cellulose Nanocrystals: Leading to More Sustainable Processes
Authors: Tang Yimian , Yang Han , Vignolini Silvia 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are a new class of biodegradable nanomaterial derived from the most abundant and renewable biomass on the planet: cellulose. Due to their potential as a low carbon footprint nanomaterial, CNCs have received significant interest in the community for a wide variety of applications. In this review, the most recent strategies exploited to produce CNCs are therefore summarized, focusing on the “greener” isolation methods aiming at minimizing the environmental impact of their production. The environmental impact of each CNCs production method is qualitatively evaluated and the properties of the CNCs obtained are discussed. Finally, the necessary steps to address the development of the field in the industrial context are discussed, focusing on the type of applications where the CNCs can be exploited.
Heterointerface Engineering of Hierarchically Assembling Layered Double Hydroxides on Cobalt Selenide as Efficient Trifunctional Electrocatalysts for Water Splitting and Zinc‐Air Battery
Authors: Song Junnan , Chen Ying , Huang Hongjiao , Wang Jiajun , Huang Shao‐Chu , Liao Yen‐Fa , Fetohi Amani E. , Hu Feng , Chen Han‐yi , Li Linlin , Han Xiaopeng , El‐Khatib K. M. , Peng Shengjie 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEngineering of structure and composition is essential but still challenging for electrocatalytic activity modulation. Herein, hybrid nanostructured arrays (HNA) with branched and aligned structures constructed by cobalt selenide (CoSe2) nanotube arrays vertically oriented on carbon cloth with CoNi layered double hydroxide (CoSe2@CoNi LDH HNA) are synthesized by a hydrothermal‐selenization‐hybridization strategy. The branched and hollow structure, as well as the heterointerface between CoSe2 and CoNi LDH guarantee structural stability and sufficient exposure of the surface active sites. More importantly, the strong interaction at the interface can effectively modulate the electronic structure of hybrids through the charge transfer and then improves the reaction kinetics. The resulting branched CoSe2@CoNi LDH HNA as trifunctional catalyst exhibits enhanced electrocatalytic performance toward oxygen evolution/reduction and hydrogen evolution reaction. Consequently, the branched CoSe2@CoNi LDH HNA exhibits low overpotential of 1.58 V at 10 mA cm−2 for water splitting and superior cycling stability (70 h) for rechargeable flexible Zn‐air battery. Theoretical calculations reveal that the construction of heterostructure can effectively lower the reaction barrier as well as improve electrical conductivity, consequently favoring the enhanced electrochemical performance. This work concerning engineering heterostructure and topography‐performance relationship can provide new guidance for the development of multifunctional electrocatalysts.
Superhydrophobic zeolitic imidazolate framework with suitable SOD cage for effective CH4/N2 adsorptive separation in humid environments
Authors: Liu Jiaqi , Tang Xuan , Liang Xiaowu , Wu Luogang , Zhang Feifei , Shi Qi , Yang Jiangfeng , Dong Jinxiang , Li Jinping 
Published: January 2022

AbstractVarious adsorbents for CH4/N2 separation were developed to enrich low‐concentration coal‐mine methane. Most are hydrophilic and cannot treat moist coal‐mine methane. We report for the first time a microporous zeolitic imidazolate framework Co(dcIm)2 (TUT‐100) with superhydrophobic properties for CH4/N2 separation. The CH4 adsorption capacity and CH4/N2 selectivity were as high as 45.29 cm3/cm3 and 6.3 (298 K, 1 bar), respectively, which results from the suitable SOD cage size (0.80 nm). The H2O adsorption was lower than 6.3 cm3/g at 298 K and near saturated pressure due to the hydrophobic group Cl. Breakthrough experiments were carried out to indicate the significant potential for CH4/N2 adsorption separation in a humid environment. The adsorption behavior of the gas mixture on the TUT‐100 was investigated by the Grand Canonical Monte Carlo method and coupled with the experimental data.
The recurrent homozygous translation start site variant in CCDC134 in an individual with severe osteogenesis imperfecta of non‐Morrocan ancestry
Authors: Ali Taccyanna M. , Linnenkamp Bianca D. W. , Yamamoto Guilherme L. , Honjo Rachel S. , Cabral de Menezes Filho Hamilton , Kim Chong Ae , Bertola Débora R. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOsteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a rare low‐bone mass skeletal Mendelian disorder characterized by bone fragility leading to bone fractures, with deformities and stunted growth in the more severe phenotypes. Other common, nonskeletal findings include blue sclerae and dentinogenesis imperfecta. It is caused mainly by quantitative or structural defects in type I collagen, although dysregulation of different signaling pathways that play a role in bone morphogenesis has been described to be associated with a small fraction of individuals with OI. Recently, a homozygous variant in the translation start site of CCDC134, showing increased activation of the RAS/MAPK signaling pathway, has been reported in three families of Moroccan origin with a severe, deforming form of OI. We report on a 9‐year‐old Brazilian boy, harboring the same homozygous variant in CCDC134, also presenting severe bone involvement. This report contributes to the phenotypic delineation of this novel autosomal recessive form of OI, which presents with high prevalence of nonunion fractures considered rare events in OI in general. In addition, it expands the phenotype to include base skull anomalies, potentially leading to serious complications, as seen in severe forms of OI. A poor response to bisphosphonate therapy was observed in these individuals. As the variant in CCDC134 leads to dysregulation of the RAS/MAPK signaling pathway, drugs targeted to this pathway could be an alternative to achieve a better management of these individuals.