bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PREDICTION OF THE RISK OF LETHAL OUTCOME AMONG CHILDREN WITH BACTERIAL DAMAGE OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
Authors: Колесников А.Н. , Поляхова Ю.Н. 
Published: May 2022

В общей структуре нейроинфекций бактериальные менингиты и менингоэнцефалиты (БМ) имеют достаточно большой удельный вес. Тяжесть течения инфекционных поражений ЦНС бактериальной этиологии обуславливает высокий риск осложнений, инвалидизации и летального исхода. В работе исследованы случаи летального исхода у детей на фоне течения бактериальных поражений нервной системы. На основании изученных данных шкалы SOFA, клинического анализа крови, интегральных лейкоцитарных индексов, методом многофакторного бинарного логистического регрессионного анализа с пошаговым включением независимых переменных была сформирована математическая модель прогнозирования риска летального исхода у больных с исследуемой патологией. В модель включены переменные, доступные практикующему врачу на всем протяжении лечения, выбранные показатели не требуют дополнительных дорогостоящих анализов или оборудования, что имеет важное практическое значение.
In the general structure of neuroinfections, bacterial meningitis and meningoencephalitis (BM) have a fairly large proportion. The severity of infectious lesions of the CNS of bacterial etiology causes a high risk of complications, disability and death. The paper studies cases of death in children against the background of the course of bacterial lesions of the nervous system. Based on the studied data of the SOFA scale, clinical blood count, integral leukocyte indices, using the method of multivariate binary logistic regression analysis with stepwise inclusion of independent variables, a mathematical model was formed to predict the risk of death in patients with the studied pathology. The model includes variables that are available to the practitioner throughout the treatment, the selected values ​​do not require additional expensive analyzes or equipment, which is of great practical importance.
On Identifying Assumptions Underlying Legal Arrangements
Authors: Leeuw Frans L. , Waltermann Antonia M. 
Published: May 2022

On Identifying Assumptions Underlying Legal Arrangements – Some Conceptual and Methodological Considerations
Legal arrangements rest on behavioural, cognitive, social, and other assumptions regarding their role and function in society and the legal system. The identification and subsequent evaluation of these assumptions is an important task for legal scholarship. In this article, we focus on the identification and categorisation of these assumptions, providing conceptual distinctions and methodological guidance. We distinguish between assumptions about the value(s), norm(s), or interest(s) underlying a legal arrangement, which can be legal or non-legal, and assumptions about the relationship between the legal arrangement and its underlying value(s), norm(s), or interest(s), which can be logical, causal, or contributory. Regarding the identification, we consider explicit references and inference to the best explanation and theory-driven evaluations as possible methods. Inference to the best explanation, we posit, functions as a manner of reconstructing the theory that the person(s) creating a legal arrangement had in mind regarding the place and function of that legal arrangement in society. Given this, we offer a step-by-step approach to reconstructing this theory in use, drawing from theory-driven evaluations and its sources in the social sciences. These distinctions and guidelines can contribute to understanding the context and untangling the complexities involved in identifying the assumptions that underlie legal arrangements.
New-Age Al-Cu-Mn-Zr (ACMZ) Alloy for High Temperature-High Strength Applications: A Review
Authors: Roy Samarendra , Roy Shibayan 
Published: May 2022

One of the prime challenges with age hardened Al-Cu alloys is the strength degradation at high temperatures (above ∼250°C) due to the coarsening of strengthening θ′ precipitates and associated metastable θ′ → stable θ phase transformation. A recent discovery suggests that micro-alloying with Manganese (Mn) and Zirconium (Zr) can synergistically restrict θ′ precipitate coarsening, thereby rendering an excellent high temperature stability for Al-Cu-Mn-Zr (ACMZ) alloys. The θ′ precipitates are stabilized primarily from the reduction of interfacial energy by preferential solute segregation (Mn & Zr) at θ′ precipitate/α-Al matrix interfaces. The Al-Cu-Mn-Zr alloys thereby exhibit excellent high temperature hardness and tensile properties (yield and ultimate tensile strength) in addition to superior fatigue life and creep resistance. This newly developed Al-Cu-Mn-Zr alloys also showed excellent hot tearing resistance compared to the conventional cast Al-Cu alloys so much so that it meets the industrial standards as well. These alloys also have promising manufacturing possibility by additive route. Overall, Al-Cu-Mn-Zr alloys offer great potential for the automotive industry because of their unprecedented high temperature performance which should enable engineers to build light weight passenger vehicles leading to a safer and greener environment.
The variability of emotions, physical complaints, intention, and self-efficacy: an ecological momentary assessment study in older adults
Authors: Maes Iris , Mertens Lieze , Poppe Louise , Crombez Geert , Vetrovsky Tomas , Van Dyck Delfien 
Published: May 2022

Background
Many theoretical frameworks have been used in order to understand health behaviors such as physical activity, sufficient sleep, healthy eating habits, etc. In most research studies, determinants within these frameworks are assessed only once and thus are considered as stable over time, which leads to rather ‘static’ health behavior change interventions. However, in real-life, individual-level determinants probably vary over time (within days and from day to day), but currently, not much is known about these time-dependent fluctuations in determinants. In order to personalize health behavior change interventions in a more dynamic manner, such information is urgently needed.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to explore the time-dependent variability of emotions, physical complaints, intention, and self-efficacy in older adults (65+) using Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA).

Methods
Observational data were collected in 64 healthy older adults (56.3% men; mean age 72.1 ± 5.6 years) using EMA. Participants answered questions regarding emotions (i.e., cheerfulness, relaxation, enthusiasm, satisfaction, insecurity, anxiousness, irritation, feeling down), physical complaints (i.e., fatigue, pain, dizziness, stiffness, shortness of breath), intention, and self-efficacy six times a day for seven consecutive days using a smartphone-based questionnaire. Generalized linear mixed models were used to assess the fluctuations of individual determinants within subjects and over days.

Results
A low variability is present for the negative emotions (i.e., insecurity, anxiousness, irritation, feeling down) and physical complaints of dizziness and shortness of breath. The majority of the variance for relaxation, satisfaction, insecurity, anxiousness, irritation, feeling down, fatigue, dizziness, intention, and self-efficacy is explained by the within subjects and within days variance (42.9% to 65.8%). Hence, these determinants mainly differed within the same subject and within the same day. The between subjects variance explained the majority of the variance for cheerfulness, enthusiasm, pain, stiffness, and shortness of breath (50.2% to 67.3%). Hence, these determinants mainly differed between different subjects.

Conclusions
This study reveals that multiple individual-level determinants are time-dependent, and are better considered as ‘dynamic’ or unstable behavior determinants. This study provides us with important insights concerning the development of dynamic health behavior change interventions, anticipating real-time dynamics of determinants instead of considering determinants as stable within individuals.
Remyelination in humans due to a retinoid‐X receptor agonist is age‐dependent
Authors: McMurran Christopher E. , Mukherjee Trisha , Brown J William L. , Michell Andrew W. , Chard Declan T. , Franklin Robin J. M. , Coles Alasdair J. , Cunniffe Nick G. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRemyelination efficiency declines with advancing age in animal models, but this has been harder to demonstrate in people with multiple sclerosis. We show that bexarotene, a putatively remyelinating retinoid‐X receptor agonist, shortened the visual evoked potential latency in patients with chronic optic neuropathy aged under 42 years only (with the effect diminishing by 0.45 ms per year of age); and increased the magnetization transfer ratio of deep gray matter lesions in those under 43 years only. Addressing this age‐related decline in human remyelination capacity will be an important step in the development of remyelinating therapies that work across the lifespan.
Identification of Multimorbidity Patterns in Rheumatoid Arthritis Through Machine Learning
Authors: England Bryant R. , Yang Yangyuna , Roul Punyasha , Haas Christian , Najjar Lotfollah , Sayles Harlan , Yu Fang , Sauer Brian C. , Baker Joshua F. , Xie Fenglong , Michaud Kaleb , Curtis Jeffrey R. , Mikuls Ted R. 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveRecognizing that the interrelationships between chronic conditions that complicate rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are poorly understood, we aimed to identify patterns of multimorbidity and to define their prevalence in RA through machine learning.MethodsWe constructed RA and age‐ and sex‐matched (1:1) non‐RA cohorts within a large commercial insurance database (MarketScan) and the Veterans Health Administration (VHA). Chronic conditions (n = 44) were identified from diagnosis codes from outpatient and inpatient encounters. Exploratory factor analysis was performed separately in both databases, stratified by RA diagnosis and sex, to identify multimorbidity patterns. The association of RA with different multimorbidity patterns was determined using conditional logistic regression.ResultsWe studied 226,850 patients in MarketScan (76% female) and 120,780 patients in the VHA (89% male). The primary multimorbidity patterns identified were characterized by the presence of cardiopulmonary, cardiometabolic, and mental health and chronic pain disorders. Multimorbidity patterns were similar between RA and non‐RA patients, female and male patients, and patients in MarketScan and the VHA. RA patients had higher odds of each multimorbidity pattern (odds ratios [ORs] 1.17–2.96), with mental health and chronic pain disorders being the multimorbidity pattern most strongly associated with RA (ORs 2.07–2.96).ConclusionCardiopulmonary, cardiometabolic, and mental health and chronic pain disorders represent predominant multimorbidity patterns, each of which is overrepresented in RA. The identification of multimorbidity patterns occurring more frequently in RA is an important first step in progressing toward a holistic approach to RA management and warrants assessment of their clinical and predictive utility.
Broadband Nanoscale Surface‐Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy by Multiresonant Nanolaminate Plasmonic Nanocavities on Vertical Nanopillars
Authors: Nie Meitong , Zhao Yuming , Nam Wonil , Song Junyeob , Zhu Wenqi , Lezec Henri J. , Agrawal Amit , Zhou Wei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSurface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has become a sensitive detection technique for biochemical analysis. Despite significant research efforts, most SERS substrates consisting of single‐resonant plasmonic nanostructures on the planar surface suffer from limitations of narrowband SERS operation and unoptimized nano‐bio interface with living cells. Here, it is reported that nanolaminate plasmonic nanocavities on 3D vertical nanopillar arrays can support a broadband SERS operation with large enhancement factors (>106) under laser excitations at 532, 633, and 785 nm. The multi‐band Raman mapping measurements show that nanolaminate plasmonic nanocavities on vertical nanopillar arrays exhibit broadband uniform SERS performance with diffraction‐limited resolution at a single nanopillar footprint. By selective exposure of embedded plasmonic hotspots in individual metal–insulator–metal (MIM) nanogaps, nanoscale broadband SERS operation at the single MIM nanocavity level with visible and near‐infrared (vis–NIR) excitations is demonstrated. Numerical studies reveal that nanolaminate plasmonic nanocavities on vertical nanopillars can support multiple hybridized plasmonic modes to concentrate optical fields across a broadband wavelength range from 500 to 900 nm at the nanoscale.
Controlling Light in Scattering Materials for Volumetric Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Madrid‐Wolff Jorge , Boniface Antoine , Loterie Damien , Delrot Paul , Moser Christophe 
Published: May 2022

Abstract3D printing has revolutionized the manufacturing of volumetric components and structures in many areas. Several fully volumetric light‐based techniques have been recently developed thanks to the advent of photocurable resins, promising to reach unprecedented short print time (down to a few tens of seconds) while keeping a good resolution (around 100 μm). However, these new approaches only work with homogeneous and relatively transparent resins so that the light patterns used for photo‐polymerization are not scrambled along their propagation. Herein, a method that takes into account light scattering in the resin prior to computing projection patterns is proposed. Using a tomographic volumetric printer, it is experimentally demonstrated that implementation of this correction is critical when printing objects whose size exceeds the scattering mean free path. To show the broad applicability of the technique, functional objects of high print fidelity are fabricated in hard organic scattering acrylates and soft cell‐laden hydrogels (at 4 million cells mL−1). This opens up promising perspectives in printing inside turbid materials with particular interesting applications for bioprinting cell‐laden constructs.
Multiomics Analysis Identifies SOCS1 as Restraining T Cell Activation and Preventing Graft‐Versus‐Host Disease
Authors: Guo Huidong , Li Ruifeng , Wang Ming , Hou Yingping , Liu Shuoshuo , Peng Ting , Zhao Xiang‐Yu , Lu Liming , Han Yali , Shao Yiming , Chang Ying‐Jun , Li Cheng , Huang Xiao‐Jun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGraft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) is a major life‐threatening complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT). Inflammatory signaling pathways promote T‐cell activation and are involved in the pathogenesis of GVHD. Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) is a critical negative regulator for several inflammatory cytokines. However, its regulatory role in T‐cell activation and GVHD has not been elucidated. Multiomics analysis of the transcriptome and chromatin structure of granulocyte‐colony‐stimulating‐factor (G‐CSF)‐administered hyporesponsive T cells from healthy donors reveal that G‐CSF upregulates SOCS1 by reorganizing the chromatin structure around the SOCS1 locus. Parallel in vitro and in vivo analyses demonstrate that SOCS1 is critical for restraining T cell activation. Loss of Socs1 in T cells exacerbates GVHD pathogenesis and diminishes the protective role of G‐CSF in GVHD mouse models. Further analysis shows that SOCS1 inhibits T cell activation not only by inhibiting the colony‐stimulating‐factor 3 receptor (CSF3R)/Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway, but also by restraining activation of the inflammasome signaling pathway. Moreover, high expression of SOCS1 in T cells from patients correlates with low acute GVHD occurrence after HSCT. Overall, these findings identify that SOCS1 is critical for inhibiting T cell activation and represents a potential target for the attenuation of GVHD.
Complete Sequences of the Velvet Worm Slime Proteins Reveal that Slime Formation is Enabled by Disulfide Bonds and Intrinsically Disordered Regions
Authors: Lu Yang , Sharma Bhargy , Soon Wei Long , Shi Xiangyan , Zhao Tianyun , Lim Yan Ting , Sobota Radoslaw M. , Hoon Shawn , Pilloni Giovanni , Usadi Adam , Pervushin Konstantin , Miserez Ali 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe slime of velvet worms (Onychophora) is a strong and fully biodegradable protein material, which upon ejection undergoes a fast liquid‐to‐solid transition to ensnare prey. However, the molecular mechanisms of slime self‐assembly are still not well understood, notably because the primary structures of slime proteins are yet unknown. Combining transcriptomic and proteomic studies, the authors have obtained the complete primary sequences of slime proteins and identified key features for slime self‐assembly. The high molecular weight slime proteins contain cysteine residues at the N‐ and C‐termini that mediate the formation of multi‐protein complexes via disulfide bonding. Low complexity domains in the N‐termini are also identified and their propensity for liquid‐liquid phase separation is established, which may play a central role in slime biofabrication. Using solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance, rigid and flexible domains of the slime proteins are mapped to specific peptide domains. The complete sequencing of major slime proteins is an important step toward sustainable fabrication of polymers inspired by the velvet worm slime.
Phase change composites with thermal‐formability and photothermal storage property for high flux crude oil transmission
Authors: Liu Lu , Zhang Yuang , Zhang Shufen , Tang Bingtao 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCrude oil pipeline transportation is one of widely used ways in land transportation and comprises a large share of the world's long‐distance oil transmission. Warming and heat preservation of crude oil is vital for efficient oil pipeline transportation. However, it remains a formidable challenge in coping with caused tremendous energy consumption and environmental pollution. In this work, bio‐based phase change composites with superior thermal‐formability and photothermal storage properties were fabricated and molded to photothermal oil transportation system using template‐confined thermoforming strategy. On the basis of desirable thermal energy management ability of PEG as well as the synergistic effects between heat localization and electron nonradiative transition of Fe2O3 nanoparticles, the system realized a remarkable decrease in oil viscosity and efficient transmission. Particularly, the preparation process could be facilely scaled up and indicate real application feasibility. This successful exploration offers a significant path for developing green, highly effective crude oil transportation.
CoN graphene encapsulated cobalt catalyst for H2O2 decomposition under acidic conditions
Authors: Yang Liu , Yu Pengfei , Li Wenyuan , Cao Fengliang , Jin Xin , Xue Sheng , Zhang Xianglong , Zhang Tingwei , Wu Mingbo , Wu Wenting 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has been listed as one of the 100 most important chemicals in the world. However, huge amount of residual H2O2 is hard to timely decomposed into O2 and H2O under acidic condition, easily resulting in explosion hazard. Here, we reported a core–shell structure catalyst, that is graphene with CoN structure encapsulated Co nanoparticles. CoN graphene shell serves as the active site for the H2O2 decomposition, and Co core further enhance this decomposition. Benefiting from it, the H2O2 decomposition were close to 100% after 6 cycles without pH adjustment, which increased 6 orders of magnitude compared with no catalyst. At the same time, the O2 generation reached 99.67% in 2 h with little metal leaching, and ·OH has been greatly inhibited to only 0.08%. This work can cleanly remove H2O2 with little deep oxidation and protect the process of H2O2 utilization to achieve a safer world.
Rapid‐cycling Brassica rapa evolves even earlier flowering under experimental drought
Authors: Johnson Stephen E. , Hamann Elena , Franks Steven J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPremiseChanges in climate can impose selection on populations and may lead to rapid evolution. One such climatic stress is drought, which plant populations may respond to with escape (rapid growth and early flowering) or avoidance (slow growth and efficient water‐use). However, it is unclear if drought escape would be a viable strategy for populations that already flower early from prior selection.MethodsIn an experimental evolution study, we subjected rapid‐cycling Brassica rapa (RCBr), which was previously selected for early flowering, to four generations of experimental drought or watered conditions. We then grew ancestral and descendant populations concurrently under drought and watered conditions to assess evolution, plasticity, and adaptation.ResultsThe RCBr populations that evolved under drought had earlier flowering and lower water‐use efficiency than the populations that evolved under watered conditions, indicating evolutionary divergence. The drought descendants also had a trend of earlier flowering compared to ancestors, indicating evolution. Evolution of earlier flowering under drought followed the direction of selection and increased fitness and was consistent with studies in natural and experimental populations of this species, suggesting adaptive evolution.ConclusionsWe found rapid adaptive evolution of drought escape in RCBr and little evidence for constraints on flowering time evolution, even though RCBr already flowers extremely early. Our results suggest that some populations may harbor sufficient genetic variation for evolution even after strong selection has occurred. Our study also illustrates the utility of combining artificial selection, experimental evolution, and the resurrection approach to study the evolution of functional traits.
Estimates of COVID‐19 vaccine uptake in major occupational groups and detailed occupational categories in the United States, April–May 2021
Authors: Henneberger Paul K. , Cox‐Ganser Jean M. , Guthrie Garret M. , Groth Caroline P. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundWhile other studies have reported estimates of COVID‐19 vaccine uptake by broad occupational group, little is known about vaccine uptake by detailed occupational category.MethodsData on COVID‐19 vaccination were provided by US adults ages ≥18 years old who responded to the Facebook/Delphi Group COVID‐19 Trends and Impact Survey (Delphi US CTIS) in April–May 2021, reported working for pay in the past 4 weeks, and answered questions about their COVID‐19 vaccine status. Percentages of occupational groups reporting having had at least one COVID‐19 vaccination were weighted to resemble the US general population and calculated for 23 major occupational groups and 120 detailed occupational categories in 15 major groups.ResultsCOVID‐19 vaccine uptake for all 828,401 working adult respondents was 73.6%. Uptake varied considerably across the 23 major occupational groups, from 45.7% for Construction and Extraction to 87.9% for Education, Training, and Library. Percentage vaccinated was also very low for Installation, Maintenance, and Repair at 52.1% and Farming, Fishing, and Forestry at 53.9%. Among the 120 detailed occupational categories, the highest percentage vaccinated was 93.9% for Postsecondary Teacher and the three lowest values were 39.1% for Any Extraction Worker in Oil, Gas, Mining, or Quarrying; 40.1% for Vehicle or Mobile Equipment Mechanic, Installer, or Repairer; and 42.0% for Any Construction Trades Worker.ConclusionLow vaccination percentages were seen in many US occupations by the end of May 2021, early in the period of widespread availability of vaccines for adults. These findings could help inform the deployment of occupation‐specific vaccinepromotion activities during future viral epidemics and pandemics.