bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cognitive impairment in racially/ethnically diverse older adults: Accounting for sources of diagnostic bias
Authors: Mungas Dan , Shaw Crystal , Hayes‐Larson Eleanor , DeCarli Charles , Farias Sarah Tomaszewski , Olichney John , Saucedo Hector Hernandez , Gilsanz Paola , Glymour M Maria , Whitmer Rachel A , Mayeda Elizabeth Rose 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe Kaiser Healthy Aging and Diverse Life Experiences (KHANDLE) study enrolled Asian, Black, Latino, and White adults ages 65+ without prior dementia diagnosis (N = 1709). We evaluated the prevalence of cognitive impairment (mild cognitive impairment or dementia) accounting for potential biases.MethodsA random subgroup (N = 541) received clinical evaluation and others were evaluated if they failed a cognitive screen. Diagnoses were made under two conditions: (1) demographics‐blind, based on clinical exam and demographically adjusted neuropsychological test scores; and (2) all available information (clinical exam, demographics, and adjusted and unadjusted test scores).ResultsCognitive impairment prevalence was 28% for blinded‐adjusted diagnosis and 25% using all available information. Black participants had higher impairment rates than White (both conditions) and Latino (blinded‐adjusted diagnosis) participants. Incomplete assessments negatively biased prevalence estimates for White participants.DiscussionRacial/ethnic disparities in cognitive impairment were amplified by attrition bias in White participants but were unaffected by type of test norms and diagnosticians’ knowledge of demographics.
White matter changes in empirically derived incident MCI subtypes in the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging
Authors: Machulda Mary M. , Lundt Emily S. , Mester Carly T. , Albertson Sabrina M. , Raghavan Sheelakumari , Reid Robert I. , Schwarz Christopher G. , Graff‐Radford Jonathan , Jack Clifford R. , Knopman David S. , Mielke Michelle M. , Kremers Walter K. , Petersen Ronald C. , Bondi Mark W. , Vemuri Prashanthi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this study was to examine white matter hyperintensities (WMH) and fractional anisotropy (FA) in empirically derived incident mild cognitive impairment (MCI) subtypes.MethodsWe evaluated 188 participants with incident MCI in the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging (MCSA) identified as having one of four cluster‐derived subtypes: subtle cognitive impairment, amnestic, dysnomic, and dysexecutive. We used linear regression models to evaluate whole brain and regional WMH volumes. We examined fractional anisotropy (FA) on a subset of 63 participants with diffusion tensor imaging.ResultsAmnestic and dysexecutive subtypes had higher WMH volumes in differing patterns than cognitively unimpaired; the dysexecutive subtype had higher WMH than subtle cognitive impairment. There was widespread WM degeneration in long association and commissural fibers in the amnestic, dysnomic, and dysexecutive subtypes, and corpus callosum FA accounted for significant variability in global cognition.DiscussionWhite matter changes likely contribute to cognitive symptoms in incident MCI.
Patient perceptions of the relationship between food insecurity and eating disorder treatment: A qualitative exploration
Authors: Frayn Mallory , Trainor Claire , Lin Mandy , Pitts Alexandra , Drexler Sarah A. , Patarinski Anna Gabrielle G. , Juarascio Adrienne 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionIndependently, food insecurity (FI) and binge‐spectrum eating disorders (B‐ED) are widespread problems; moreover, FI is associated with elevated binge‐eating symptoms. However, extant research has not explored how FI may contribute to the development of B‐ED symptoms, nor potential impacts of FI on eating disorder treatment.MethodThis study aimed to qualitatively examine (1) mechanisms by which FI impacts B‐ED development and maintenance, (2) effects of past and/or present FI on ED treatment, and (3) participant recommendations for addressing FI in future B‐ED treatment. Fourteen individuals who completed B‐ED treatment and endorsed FI completed a 30‐min interview about their experiences.ResultsParticipants reported that FI contributed to binge eating by maintaining dietary restraint‐binge‐eating cycle and by leading them to use food as a coping mechanism or for emotional comfort, both in past and present situations. Present FI interfered with treatment, particularly with adhering to treatment recommendations and food purchasing choices, however, participants did not report any impact of past FI on B‐ED treatment. Participants reported that rarely was FI addressed as part of treatment; most participants suggested that future treatments work to (1) assess and problem solve present FI to minimize interference and (2) assess and understand the influence of past FI on current symptoms to validate the function of behavior.DiscussionThese findings provide qualitative support that FI may reinforce B‐ED symptoms and present FI may interfere with treatment. This study emphasizes the need for assessment and consideration of FI as a factor when treating individuals with B‐EDs.
An integrated field data and remote sensing approach for impact assessment of human activities on epifauna macrobenthos biodiversity along the western coast of Aqaba Gulf
Authors: El‐Naggar Hussein A. , Salem El‐Sayed S. , El‐Kafrawy Sameh B. , Bashar Mansour A. , Shaban Walaa M. , El‐Gayar Ensaf E. , Ahmed Hamdy O. , Ashour Mohamed , Abou‐Mahmoud Mohamed E. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe Egyptian coast of Gulf of Aqaba, north of the Red Sea, suffers from severe destruction and deterioration in habitat and biodiversity due to anthropogenic activities and flooding. The present work aims to evaluate the impacts of different human activities and flooding on the biodiversity of macrobenthic invertebrates along the Egyptian coast of the Gulf of Aqaba. From January 2019 to December 2019, many field trips (12 trips) were conducted to survey macrobenthic invertebrate communities and monitor water quality at nine sites within three sectors along the study area. Each site was divided into four ecological zones and one of five categories, according to the main activities at each site. Furthermore, satellite data were used to monitor the progress of land use and turbidity in the study area. Therefore, the current study assesses the relationship between these factors and water quality and macrobenthic invertebrate distributions, similarity, diversity, dominance and abundance. The results revealed that 53 macrobenthic invertebrate species belonging to three phyla (Mollusca, Echinodermata and Annelida) and one subphylum (Crustacea) were recorded. The echinoderm Echinometra mathaei was the major eudominant species. The northern part of the Gulf was higher in abundance and diversity with low land use and lowest water turbidity, while the south part showed contrary findings. All statistical analysis confirmed that the dissolved oxygen concentration was considered the only limiting factor for the abundance and diversity of macrobenthic invertebrates. Also, the variation in activities at investigated sites affected the dominance state of species in each site. Moreover, GPS data confirmed that the tourism activity had the largest influence on marine ecosystems and biodiversity, followed by fishing and desalination practices. Otherwise, flooding has significant influence on marine habitats and creates a habitat in which other certain species can survive. In the absence of awareness, intervention and disregard for the effective coastal zone management concept, especially for the unique marine ecosystems such as the Gulf of Aqaba, the degradation of biodiversity will continue until extinction, and human life is rendered unsustainable.
Effect of sacubitril/valsartan on investigator‐reported ventricular arrhythmias in PARADIGM‐HF
Authors: Curtain James P. , Jackson Alice M. , Shen Li , Jhund Pardeep S. , Docherty Kieran F. , Petrie Mark C. , Castagno Davide , Desai Akshay S. , Rohde Luis E. , Lefkowitz Martin P. , Rouleau Jean‐Lucien , Zile Michael R. , Solomon Scott D. , Swedberg Karl , Packer Milton , McMurray John J.V. 
Published: December 2021

AimsSudden death is a leading cause of mortality in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). In PARADIGM‐HF, sacubitril/valsartan reduced the incidence of sudden death. The purpose of this post hoc study was to analyse the effect of sacubitril/valsartan, compared to enalapril, on the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias.Methods and resultsAdverse event reports related to ventricular arrhythmias were examined in PARADIGM‐HF. The effect of randomized treatment on two arrhythmia outcomes was analysed: ventricular arrhythmias and the composite of a ventricular arrhythmia, implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) shock or resuscitated cardiac arrest. The risk of death related to a ventricular arrhythmia was examined in time‐updated models. The interaction between heart failure aetiology, or baseline ICD/cardiac resynchronization therapy‐defibrillator (CRT‐D) use, and the effect of sacubitril/valsartan was analysed. Of the 8399 participants, 333 (4.0%) reported a ventricular arrhythmia and 372 (4.4%) the composite arrhythmia outcome. Ventricular arrhythmias were associated with higher mortality. Compared with enalapril, sacubitril/valsartan reduced the risk of a ventricular arrhythmia (hazard ratio [HR] 0.76, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.62–0.95; p = 0.015) and the composite arrhythmia outcome (HR 0.79, 95% CI 0.65–0.97; p = 0.025). The treatment effect was maintained after adjustment and accounting for the competing risk of death. Baseline ICD/CRT‐D use did not modify the effect of sacubitril/valsartan, but aetiology did: HR in patients with an ischaemic aetiology 0.93 (95% CI 0.71–1.21) versus 0.53 (95% CI 0.37–0.78) in those without an ischaemic aetiology (p for interaction = 0.020).ConclusionsSacubitril/valsartan reduced the incidence of investigator‐reported ventricular arrhythmias in patients with HFrEF. This effect may have been greater in patients with a non‐ischaemic aetiology.
Water‐Involved C−S Bond Formation for the Synthesis of β‐Keto Dithiocarbamates from Thiuram Disulfides
Authors: Yang Cheng‐Li , Jiang Xin‐Yi , Wu Yue‐Xiao , Hao Er‐Jun , Dong Zhi‐Bing 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA highly efficient and convenient method for the water‐involved synthesis of β‐keto dithiocarbamates has been developed. In the presence of minimal water, the desired products were obtained in good to excellent yields by using thiuram disulfide reagents and substituted α‐haloacetophenones as starting materials. This protocol features high atom economy, mild conditions, good functional tolerance and good to excellent yields, showing potential value for the preparation of some biologically and pharmaceutically active compounds.
Factors not considered in the study of drug‐resistant epilepsy: Psychiatric comorbidities, age, and gender
Authors: Medel‐Matus Jesús Servando , Orozco‐Suárez Sandra , Escalante Ruby G. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn basic research and clinical practice, the control of seizures has been the most important goal, but it should not be the only one. There are factors that remain poorly understood in the study of refractory epilepsy such as the age and gender of patients and the presence of psychiatric comorbidities. It is known that in patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy (DRE), the comorbidities contribute to the deterioration of the quality of life, increase the severity, and worsen the prognosis of epilepsy. Some studies have demonstrated that patients diagnosed with a co‐occurrence of epilepsy and psychiatric disorders are more likely to present refractory seizures and the probability of seizure remission after pharmacotherapy is reduced. The evidence of this association suggests the presence of shared pathogenic mechanisms that may include endocrine disorders, neuroinflammatory processes, disturbances of neurotransmitters, and mechanisms triggered by stress. Additionally, significant demographic, clinical, and electrographic differences have been observed between women and men with epilepsy. Epilepsy affects the female gender in a greater proportion, although there are no studies that report whether refractoriness affects more females. The reasons behind these sex differences are unclear; however, it is likely that sex hormones and sex brain differences related to chromosomal genes play an important role. On the other hand, it has been shown in industrialized countries that prevalence of DRE is higher in the elderly when compared to youngsters. Conversely, this phenomenon is not observed in developing regions, where more cases are found in children and young adults. The correct identification and management of these factors is crucial in order to improve the quality of life of the patients.
Estimate of decadal‐scale riverbed deformation and bed‐load sediment transport during flood events in the lowermost Mississippi River
Authors: Wu Chia‐Yu , Mossa Joann , Jaeger John M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRiverbed changes are important to applications in engineering in the environment, such as navigation, salt‐water intrusion and habitat quality. This study employed decadal hydrographic data over the past 50 years (1963–2013), as well as daily water stages and discharges to outline the long‐term channel morphological changes and bed‐load sediments deposited by floods in the lowermost Mississippi River (LMR). To generate accurate bathymetric digital elevation models (DEMs), we interpolated the hydrographic survey in a channel‐centred coordinate system by employing ordinary kriging with anisotropy. Riverbed deformations were estimated by subtracting the elevations between DEMs at two different times to generate a series of DoDs (DEM of difference). The results from DoDs exhibit temporal riverbed change patterns and also reveal net degradation after the completion of the Old River Control Structure in 1963, except for the period 1992–2004. Spatially, over 32% of the total area experienced continuous erosion, with only 0.4% having continuous aggradation. Historical erosion over the past 50 years could be removing the alluvial veneer in sections of the river, and exposing more non‐alluvial sediments, particularly between river kilometre RK 230 and RK 40. Our analysis also shows that riverbed deformation patterns are mainly controlled by flood events, backwater effects, as well as the drawdown effect near the Bonnet Carré spillway. In this study, we also examine whether the LMR traps bed‐load sediment under flood conditions. The probability distribution estimated by Monte Carlo simulation suggests only low amounts of bed‐load sediments are deposited on the channel bed during floods. Spatially, the short‐term bed‐load erosion/deposition pattern roughly matches the decadal‐scale riverbed deformation estimated from DoDs. Moreover, this study finds that the trends between the thalweg changes and riverbed deformation are similar, suggesting that both of these patterns are controlled by the same factors.
Determination of In Vivo Biotransformation Kinetics Using Early-Time Biota Concentrations
Authors: Kuo Dave T. F. , Di Toro Dominic M. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Technical challenges have hampered the characterization of biotransformation kinetics—a critical link in understanding and predicting the toxicokinetics and ecotoxicology of organic compounds. A shortcut approach to characterize the in vivo biotransformation rate constant (kM) with incomplete pathway or metabolite details was proposed. The value of kM can be derived as 2tln1fPC(t)), with fPC(t) being the molar equivalent fraction of the parent compound (PC) at an early time t in both constant exposure and decay source chemical uptake scenarios. The approximation-based kM values agreed well with kM values derived from rigorous fitting or toxicokinetic modeling (n = 42, root mean square error = 0.30) with accuracy exceeding those of typical toxicokinetic or partitioning models. The method is accurate when sampling time is adequately resolved (i.e., t &lt; ln(2)/kM) but will likely produce biased kM values with improper time-averaging. The approximate equation yields consistent theoretical expectations for fast and slow biotransformation reactions and is fully compatible with standard bioaccumulation and toxicity testing protocols. The simplification strategy circumvents statistical complications and numerical issues inherent in regressing or modeling the toxicokinetics of multimetabolite systems and may be adapted to similar problems at other physiological scales or ecotoxicological contexts. The method can help advance interspecies comparison of chemical metabolism and support the development of in vitro–in vivo extrapolations and in silico models needed for building next-generation ecological and health risk-assessment practices. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:148–158. © 2021 SETAC
Investigating changes of proteome in the bovine milk serum after retort processing using proteomics techniques
Authors: Wei Zikai , Kang Jiaxin , Liao Minhe , Ju Huanhuan , Fan Rong , Shang Jiaqi , Ning Xuenan , Li Meng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate the changes of the proteins in bovine milk serum after retort processing by label‐free quantification proteomics techniques. A total of 96 and 106 proteins were quantified in control group (CG) and retort group (RG), respectively. Hierarchical clustering analysis of the identified milk serum proteins showed a decrease in the abundance of most proteins, such as serum albumin, lactoperoxidase, lactotransferrin, and complement C3, and an increase in the abundance of other proteins such as κ‐casein, lipocalin 2, and Perilipin. Student's t‐test showed 21 proteins significantly differential abundance between CG and RG (p < .05), of which intensity‐based absolute quantification (iBAQ) of five proteins decreased and iBAQ of 16 proteins increased. Bioinformatics analysis demonstrated that retort processing increased the digestibility of proteins, but this improvement was offset by a decrease in the digestibility of proteins caused by protein modification. Our results provide insight into the proteome of retort sterilized milk for the first time. Given the extremely high security of retort sterilized milk, the proteome of bovine milk serum changes after retort sterilization exposed in this study will contribute to the formula design of retort sterilized milk products.
Option‐implied moments and the cross‐section of stock returns
Authors: Alexiou Lykourgos , Rompolis Leonidas S. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe construct a joint score measure using option‐implied volatility, skewness, and kurtosis gauging investors' expectations about favorable future return distribution properties. The high–low decile portfolio formed on this measure earns a statistically significant 0.75% value‐weighted average monthly return. Risk‐adjusted returns are significant and robust when controlling for various characteristics. The positive abnormal return of the spread portfolio can be explained by its exposure to aggregate volatility risk when investors' sentiment is low. When sentiment is high, it is also driven by information flow from the options to the stock market for stocks perceived to be as relatively mispriced.
Dynamic functional connectivity in modular organization of the hippocampal network marks memory phenotypes in temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Li Hong , Ding Fang , Chen Cong , Huang Peiyu , Xu Jingjing , Chen Zhong , Wang Shuang , Zhang Minming 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTemporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is a network disorder with a high incidence of memory impairment. Memory processing ability highly depends on the dynamic coordination between distinct modules within the hippocampal network. Here, we investigate the relationship between memory phenotypes and modular alterations of dynamic functional connectivity (FC) in the hippocampal network in TLE patients. Then, 31 healthy controls and 66 TLE patients with hippocampal sclerosis were recruited. The patients were classified into memory‐intact (MI, 35 cases) group and memory‐deficit (MD, 31 cases) group, each based on individual's Wechsler Memory Scale‐Revised score. The sliding‐windows approach and graph theory analysis were used to analyze the hippocampal network based on resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Temporal properties and modular metrics were calculated. Two discrete and switchable states were revealed: a high modularized state (State I) and a low modularized state (State II), which corresponded to either anterior or posterior hippocampal network dominated pattern. TLE was prone to drive less State I but more State II, and the tendency was more obvious in TLE‐MD. Additionally, TLE‐MD showed more widespread alterations of modular properties compared with TLE‐MI across two states. Furthermore, the dynamic modularity features had unique superiority in discriminating TLE‐MD from TLE‐MI. These findings demonstrated that state transitions and modular function of dissociable hippocampal networks were altered in TLE and more importantly, they could reflect different memory phenotypes. The trend revealed potential values of dynamic FC in elucidating the mechanism underlying memory impairments in TLE.
Moving out but not for the better: Health consequences of interprovincial rural‐urban migration in China
Authors: Shi Xinjie 
Published: December 2021

AbstractUsing panel data from a survey conducted by the Research Center for Rural Economy, this study overcomes the selection bias associated with most health status measures by incorporating dialect proximity as an instrumental variable to evaluate the causal effects of interprovincial migration on individuals' health status in China. The results indicate that, compared to an absorbed category, which includes intraprovincial migration and non‐migration, interprovincial migration worsens health (measured by the self‐reported health status score) by 3%. It is also found that, compared to intraprovincial migrants, interprovincial migrants are more likely to report a lower SHS score, whereas the health effect differences between interprovincial migrants and non‐migrants are insignificant. The study identifies two potential mechanisms that explain this result: (i) The increase in income following migration may improve interprovincial migrants' health, and (ii) the exposure to hazardous working environments worsens health to a significant extent. This finding is also linked to the following gender‐related finding: Compared to women, men are more likely to be employed in heavy industries with hazardous working environments; the negative effects of interprovincial migration on the health status are stronger for men than for women migrants, suggesting that the industry effect dominates.