bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An online survey of primary care physicians’ knowledge of common respiratory diseases in China
Authors: Pan Zihan , Yang Ting , Chi Chunhua , Chen Yahong , Liao Jiping , Huang Kewu , Williams Siân , Wang Chen 
Published: August 2022

AbstractChina has a huge population with respiratory diseases, these diseases should be managed well in primary care, however, primary care physicians’ knowledge level of these diseases were unknown. The aim of the study was to assess primary care physicians’ knowledge of asthma, CAP, COPD, and influenza in China. An e-questionnaire was distributed to attendees of respiratory diseases academic conferences in China from July, 2017 to December, 2018. 7391 questionnaires were returned and 4815 valid questionnaires were analyzed, 3802 (79.0%) from community health service centers and 1013 (21.0%) from township hospitals. The average score of the questionnaire was 83.3 (±20.397) and 72.1 (±20.898) in township and community hospitals, respectively (P < 0.05). 61.4%, 48.7%, and 42.5% of the primary care physicians were aware of clinical manifestations of COPD, asthma, and simple influenza. 85.7%, 8.1%, 16.1%, and 1.0% knew how to diagnose COPD, asthma, CAP and influenza, respectively. 94.4% of the physicians lacked the knowledge of treating COPD with bronchodilators; 53.7% knew non-pharmacological treatments for COPD. 73.6% were unable to deal with asthma attacks. 65.1% did not know what the most essential and important treatment for influenza was. 92% of physicians did not know the management for stable COPD; 3.0% knew all prevention and management measures for asthma. 37.9% knew all the preventive measures for CAP. 44.9% did not know the important role of influenza vaccine in preventing influenza and its complications. Primary care physicians in China had a poor knowledge of CAP, asthma, Influenza, COPD. There is a need for improved training of common respiratory diseases.
Vasculogenesis in kidney organoids upon transplantation
Authors: Koning Marije , Dumas Sébastien J. , Avramut M. Cristina , Koning Roman I. , Meta Elda , Lievers Ellen , Wiersma Loes E. , Borri Mila , Liang Xue , Xie Lin , Liu Ping , Chen Fang , Lin Lin , Luo Yonglun , Mulder Jaap , Spijker H. Siebe , Jaffredo Thierry , van den Berg Bernard M. , Carmeliet Peter , van den Berg Cathelijne W. , Rabelink Ton J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHuman induced pluripotent stem cell-derived kidney organoids have potential for disease modeling and to be developed into clinically transplantable auxiliary tissue. However, they lack a functional vasculature, and the sparse endogenous endothelial cells (ECs) are lost upon prolonged culture in vitro, limiting maturation and applicability. Here, we use intracoelomic transplantation in chicken embryos followed by single-cell RNA sequencing and advanced imaging platforms to induce and study vasculogenesis in kidney organoids. We show expansion of human organoid-derived ECs that reorganize into perfused capillaries and form a chimeric vascular network with host-derived blood vessels. Ligand-receptor analysis infers extensive potential interactions of human ECs with perivascular cells upon transplantation, enabling vessel wall stabilization. Perfused glomeruli display maturation and morphogenesis to capillary loop stage. Our findings demonstrate the beneficial effect of vascularization on not only epithelial cell types, but also the mesenchymal compartment, inducing the expansion of ´on target´ perivascular stromal cells, which in turn are required for further maturation and stabilization of the neo-vasculature. The here described vasculogenic capacity of kidney organoids will have to be deployed to achieve meaningful glomerular maturation and kidney morphogenesis in vitro.
Diagnosis of paediatric tuberculosis by optically detecting two virulence factors on extracellular vesicles in blood samples
Authors: Zheng Wenshu , LaCourse Sylvia M. , Song Bofan , Singh Dhiraj Kumar , Khanna Mayank , Olivo Juan , Stern Joshua , Escudero Jaclyn N. , Vergara Carlos , Zhang Fangfang , Li Shaobai , Wang Shu , Cranmer Lisa M. , Huang Zhen , Bojanowski Christine M. , Bao Duran , Njuguna Irene , Xiao Yating , Wamalwa Dalton C. , Nguyen Duc T. , Yang Li , Maleche-Obimbo Elizabeth , Nguyen Nhung , Zhang Lili , Phan Ha , Fan Jia , Ning Bo , Li Chenzhong , Lyon Christopher J. , Graviss Edward A. , John-Stewart Grace , Mitchell Charles D. , Ramsay Alistair J. , Kaushal Deepak , Liang Rongguang , Pérez-Then Eddy , Hu Tony Y. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSensitive and specific blood-based assays for the detection of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis would reduce mortality associated with missed diagnoses, particularly in children. Here we report a nanoparticle-enhanced immunoassay read by dark-field microscopy that detects twoMycobacterium tuberculosisvirulence factors (the glycolipid lipoarabinomannan and its carrier protein) on the surface of circulating extracellular vesicles. In a cohort study of 147 hospitalized and severely immunosuppressed children living with HIV, the assay detected 58 of the 78 (74%) cases of paediatric tuberculosis, 48 of the 66 (73%) cases that were missed by microbiological assays, and 8 out of 10 (80%) cases undiagnosed during the study. It also distinguished tuberculosis from latent-tuberculosis infections in non-human primates. We adapted the assay to make it portable and operable by a smartphone. With further development, the assay may facilitate the detection of tuberculosis at the point of care, particularly in resource-limited settings.
Fluorescent molecularly imprinted polymer particles for glyphosate detection using phase transfer agents
Authors: Kimani Martha , Kislenko Evgeniia , Gawlitza Kornelia , Rurack Knut 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this work, molecular imprinting was combined with direct fluorescence detection of the pesticide Glyphosate (GPS). Firstly, the solubility of highly polar GPS in organic solvents was improved by using lipophilic tetrabutylammonium (TBA+) and tetrahexylammonium (THA+) counterions. Secondly, to achieve fluorescence detection, a fluorescent crosslinker containing urea-binding motifs was used as a probe for GPS-TBA and GPS-THA salts in chloroform, generating stable complexes through hydrogen bond formation. The GPS/fluorescent dye complexes were imprinted into 2–3 nm fluorescent molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) shells on the surface of sub-micron silica particles using chloroform as porogen. Thus, the MIP binding behavior could be easily evaluated by fluorescence titrations in suspension to monitor the spectral changes upon addition of the GPS analytes. While MIPs prepared with GPS-TBA and GPS-THA both displayed satisfactory imprinting following titration with the corresponding analytes in chloroform, GPS-THA MIPs displayed better selectivity against competing molecules. Moreover, the THA+ counterion was found to be a more powerful phase transfer agent than TBA+ in a biphasic assay, enabling the direct fluorescence detection and quantification of GPS in water. A limit of detection of 1.45 µM and a linear range of 5–55 µM were obtained, which match well with WHO guidelines for the acceptable daily intake of GPS in water (5.32 µM).
Catalytic synthesis of new pyrazolo [3,4-b] pyridine via a cooperative vinylogous anomeric-based oxidation
Authors: Sepehrmansourie Hassan , Zarei Mahmoud , Zolfigol Mohammad Ali , Babaee Saeed , Azizian Saeid , Rostamnia Sadegh 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this study, a novel nano-magnetic metal–organic frameworks based on Fe3O4 namely Fe3O4@MIL-101(Cr)-N(CH2PO3)2 was synthesized and fully characterized. The prepared sample was used as catalyst in the synthesis of pyrazolo [3,4-b] pyridines as convenient medicine by condensation reaction of aldehydes, 5-(1H-Indol-3-yl)- 2H-pyrazol-3-ylamine and 3-(cyanoacetyl)indole via a CVABO. The products were obtained with high yields at 100 °C and under solvent-free conditions.
Cannabinoid CB1 receptors regulate salivation
Authors: Andreis Kelsey , Billingsley Jenna , Naimi Shirazi Kian , Wager-Miller Jim , Johnson Clare , Bradshaw Heather , Straiker Alex 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSaliva serves multiple important functions within the body that we typically take for granted, such as helping prepare food for swallowing and defense against oral pathogens. Dry mouth is a primary symptom of Sjӧgren’s syndrome and is a side effect of many drug treatments. Cannabis users frequently report dry mouth, but the basis for this is still unknown. If the effects occur via the endogenous cannabinoid signaling system, then this may represent a novel mechanism for the regulation of salivation. We examined expression of cannabinoid CB1 receptors in submandibular salivary gland using immunohistochemistry and tested regulation of salivation by THC and cannabinoid-related ligands. We now report that CB1 receptors are expressed in the axons of cholinergic neurons innervating the submandibular gland. No staining is seen in submandibular gland epithelial cells (acinar and ductal), or myoepithelial cells (MECs). Treatment with THC (4 mg/kg, IP) or the cannabinoid receptor agonist CP55940 (0.5 mg/kg) reduced salivation in both male and female mice 1 h after treatment. CBD had no effect on its own but reversed the effect of THC in a concentration-dependent manner. Neither the CB1 receptor antagonist SR141716 (4 mg/kg) nor the CB2-selective agonist JWH133 (4 mg/kg) had an effect on salivation. We also found that fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), the enzyme that metabolizes the endocannabinoid anandamide and related lipids, regulates salivation. Salivation was reduced in FAAH knockout mice as well as mice treated with the FAAH blocker URB597 (4 mg/kg). URB597 had no effect in CB1 knockout mice. FAAH protein is detected intracellularly in acinar but not ductal epithelial cells. In lipidomics experiments, we found that FAAH knockout mice chiefly had elevated levels of acylethanolamines, including anandamide, and reduced levels of acyglycines. Our results are consistent with a model wherein endocannabinoids activate CB1 receptors on cholinergic axons innervating the submandibular gland. THC likely acts by plugging into this system, activating CB1 receptors to reduce salivation, thus offering a mechanism underlying the dry mouth reported by cannabis users.
Internal relocation as a relevant and feasible adaptation strategy in Rangiroa Atoll, French Polynesia
Authors: Duvat Virginie K. E. , Magnan Alexandre K. , Goeldner-Gianella Lydie , Grancher Delphine , Costa Stéphane , Maquaire Olivier , Le Cozannet Gonéri , Stahl Lucile , Volto Natacha , Pignon-Mussaud Cécilia 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAtoll islands face increasing coastal risks (coastal erosion and marine flooding) due to climate change, especially sea-level rise. To face increasing coastal risks, various adaptation options are considered by atoll countries and territories, including in particular hard protection (preferred option to date), Nature-based Solutions (increasingly used) and island raising (considered a longer-term solution and a potential alternative to international migration, e.g. in the Maldives). Internal relocation within the same atoll island or atoll, which refers to long-term community movement from one threatened island area or island to a safer island area or island, has previously been disregarded by scholars as a potentially relevant climate adaptation strategy. However, in low-lying coastal areas, it offers real potential to address the dual context of increasing climate risks and the shrinking of the solution space. This paper assesses the potential of internal relocation for atolls by applying to Rangiroa Atoll, French Polynesia, Central Pacific, a two-fold assessment framework questioning its physical relevance (are some islands high enough to host settlements in the future?) and its societal feasibility (are the political-institutional and socio-economic conditions in place? Are people willing to relocate?). The findings show that internal relocation is both relevant and feasible on Rangiroa Atoll and should therefore serve as a pillar to develop robust in situ adaptation pathways in this atoll.
Stroke survivor perceptions of using an exoskeleton during acute gait rehabilitation
Authors: McDonald Caitlin , Fingleton Caitriona , Murphy Sean , Lennon Olive 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRobotic-assisted gait training (RAGT) devices allow intensive high repetition of the gait cycle in individuals with locomotor disability, with reduced therapist effort. In addition to usual rehabilitation, RAGT post-stroke improves the likelihood of regaining independent walking, with maximum efficacy identified in the acute and subacute phases of stroke. This study explores the usability and acceptance of RAGT among persons with stroke in an acute hospital setting and examines users’ perceptions of two different modes of robotic assistance provided during rehabilitation. A mixed-methods approach comprised semi-structed interviews of end-user perspectives of RAGT in an acute hospital setting following stroke and two 10-point Likert scales rating how comfortable and how natural robotic gait felt using different assistance modes. Content analysis of qualitative data was undertaken with results synthesised by common meaning units. Quantitative data were reported using summary statistics, with Spearmann’s correlation co-efficient examining the relationship between Likert scale ratings and measures of participants’ stroke related disability. Ten individuals (6 men; 4 women; mean age of 64.5. ± 13 years) were recruited in an acute hospital setting following admission with a stroke diagnosis. Content analysis of interview transcripts identified discussion units centring around positive aspects of how helpful the device was, negative aspects related to set-up time, weight of the device and multiple instructions delivered during use. Initially participants identified that the device could look intimidating, and they feared falling in the device but they subsequently identified the correct mindset for using the device is to trust the technology and not be afraid. Mean ratings for device comfort (7.94 ± 1.4) and how natural walking felt (7.05 ± 1.9) were favourable. Interestingly, a strong relationship was identified, whereby the higher the level of disability, the more natural participants rated walking in the device during maximal assistance mode (rho = 0.62; p = 0.138). This study suggests individuals in the early phases of stroke perceive RAGT to be acceptable and helpful in the main, with some associated negative aspects. Walking in the device was rated as comfortable and natural. Those with greater disability rated the assisted walking as more natural.
Effect of valproate and lithium on dementia onset risk in bipolar disorder patients
Authors: Moon Woori , Ji Eunjeong , Shin Juyoung , Kwon Jun Soo , Kim Ki Woong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAlthough valproate and lithium are most commonly prescribed for bipolar disorder patients, studies comparing their effects on the risk of dementia are limited. Choosing a safer mood stabilizer is clinically crucial as elderly bipolar disorder patients are at high risk of dementia onset. Therefore, we aim to evaluate and compare the effects of valproate and lithium on the risk of dementia in elderly bipolar disorder patients. This study involved 4784 bipolar disorder patients aged 50 years or older from the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service database. We estimated the risk of dementia in valproate-only users, lithium-only users, and both users compared to both medication non-users using multivariable Cox proportional hazard models. Compared to non-users, valproate-only users and both users showed a higher risk of dementia (59% and 62%, respectively). In sub-group analysis, valproate increased the dementia risk when prescribed for at least 59 days or 23 cumulative defined daily doses. However, the dementia risk associated with lithium is unclear. Therefore, we concluded that lithium has the potential to be the safer choice as a mood stabilizer over valproate for elderly bipolar disorder patients considering the risk of dementia.
Offshore wind resource assessment off the coast of Daejeong, Jeju Island using 30-year wind estimates
Authors: Kim Byeongtaek , Lee Keonwoo , Ko Kyungnam , Choi Jungchul 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLong-term offshore wind resource assessment was performed for the offshore site off the Daejeong coast on Jeju Island of South Korea. A jacket type offshore met mast was installed at the site to measure wind and meteorological conditions for 1 year from 1 July 2015 to 30 June 2016. The wind conditions were measured at 32.5 m, 72.5 m and 100.5 m above mean sea level (AMSL). Fundamental wind characteristics such as average wind speed, wind direction frequency, turbulence intensity and so on were analyzed utilizing 1-year wind measurements. In order to correct the limited period of 1-year measurements to long-term conditions, the Measure-Correlate-Predict (MCP) method was applied to estimate 30-year wind conditions using nearby Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA-2) reanalysis data. Also, wind turbine classes suitable for the offshore site were determined based on extreme wind speed estimations and the measured ambient turbulence intensity. Five commercial wind turbines were chosen for estimation of the 30-year annual energy productions (AEPs) and capacity factors (CFs). As a result, it was estimated that the 30-year average wind speed was 7.86 m/s at 100.5 m AMSL. The wind turbine class II rating was estimated to be suitable for enduring extreme wind speed for a return period of 50 years. For the 30-year results, the minimum CF of 30.48% was estimated, while the maximum nearly reached 45%.
Cross-platform validation of a mouse blood gene signature for quantitative reconstruction of radiation dose
Authors: Ghandhi Shanaz A. , Shuryak Igor , Ponnaiya Brian , Wu Xuefeng , Garty Guy , Morton Shad R. , Kaur Salan P. , Amundson Sally A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn the search for biological markers after a large-scale exposure of the human population to radiation, gene expression is a sensitive endpoint easily translatable to in-field high throughput applications. Primarily, the ex-vivo irradiated healthy human blood model has been used to generate available gene expression datasets. This model has limitations i.e., lack of signaling from other irradiated tissues and deterioration of blood cells cultures over time. In vivo models are needed; therefore, we present our novel approach to define a gene signature in mouse blood cells that quantitatively correlates with radiation dose (at 1 Gy/min). Starting with available microarray datasets, we selected 30 radiation-responsive genes and performed cross-validation/training–testing data splits to downselect 16 radiation-responsive genes. We then tested these genes in an independent cohort of irradiated adult C57BL/6 mice (50:50 both sexes) and measured mRNA by quantitative RT-PCR in whole blood at 24 h. Dose reconstruction using net signal (difference between geometric means of top 3 positively correlated and top 4 negatively correlated genes with dose), was highly improved over the microarrays, with a root mean square error of ± 1.1 Gy in male and female mice combined. There were no significant sex-specific differences in mRNA or cell counts after irradiation.
Alterations in the kallikrein-kinin system predict death after heart transplant
Authors: Giangreco Nicholas P. , Lebreton Guillaume , Restaino Susan , Farr Maryjane , Zorn Emmanuel , Colombo Paolo C. , Patel Jignesh , Soni Rajesh Kumar , Leprince Pascal , Kobashigawa Jon , Tatonetti Nicholas P. , Fine Barry M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHeart transplantation remains the definitive treatment for end stage heart failure. Because availability is limited, risk stratification of candidates is crucial for optimizing both organ allocations and transplant outcomes. Here we utilize proteomics prior to transplant to identify new biomarkers that predict post-transplant survival in a multi-institutional cohort. Microvesicles were isolated from serum samples and underwent proteomic analysis using mass spectrometry. Monte Carlo cross-validation (MCCV) was used to predict survival after transplant incorporating select recipient pre-transplant clinical characteristics and serum microvesicle proteomic data. We identified six protein markers with prediction performance above AUROC of 0.6, including Prothrombin (F2), anti-plasmin (SERPINF2), Factor IX, carboxypeptidase 2 (CPB2), HGF activator (HGFAC) and low molecular weight kininogen (LK). No clinical characteristics demonstrated an AUROC > 0.6. Putative biological functions and pathways were assessed using gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Differential expression analysis identified enriched pathways prior to transplant that were associated with post-transplant survival including activation of platelets and the coagulation pathway prior to transplant. Specifically, upregulation of coagulation cascade components of the kallikrein-kinin system (KKS) and downregulation of kininogen prior to transplant were associated with survival after transplant. Further prospective studies are warranted to determine if alterations in the KKS contributes to overall post-transplant survival.
Early-stage COVID-19 pandemic observations on pulmonary embolism using nationwide multi-institutional data harvesting
Authors: Wismüller Axel , DSouza Adora M. , Abidin Anas Z. , Ali Vosoughi M. , Gange Christopher , Cortopassi Isabel O. , Bozovic Gracijela , Bankier Alexander A. , Batra Kiran , Chodakiewitz Yosef , Xi Yin , Whitlow Christopher T. , Ponnatapura Janardhana , Wendt Gary J. , Weinberg Eric P. , Stockmaster Larry , Shrier David A. , Shin Min Chul , Modi Roshan , Lo Hao Steven , Kligerman Seth , Hamid Aws , Hahn Lewis D. , Garcia Glenn M. , Chung Jonathan H. , Altes Talissa , Abbara Suhny , Bader Anna S. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe introduce a multi-institutional data harvesting (MIDH) method for longitudinal observation of medical imaging utilization and reporting. By trackingbothlarge-scale utilizationandclinical imaging results data, the MIDH approach is targeted at measuring surrogates for important disease-related observational quantities over time. To quantitatively investigate its clinical applicability, we performed a retrospective multi-institutional study encompassing 13 healthcare systems throughout the United States before and after the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic. Using repurposed software infrastructure of a commercial AI-based image analysis service, we harvested data on medical imaging service requests and radiology reports for 40,037 computed tomography pulmonary angiograms (CTPA) to evaluate for pulmonary embolism (PE). Specifically, we compared two 70-day observational periods, namely (i) a pre-pandemic control period from 11/25/2019 through 2/2/2020, and (ii) a period during the early COVID-19 pandemic from 3/8/2020 through 5/16/2020. Natural language processing (NLP) on final radiology reports served as the ground truth for identifying positive PE cases, where we found an NLP accuracy of 98% for classifying radiology reports as positive or negative for PE based on a manual review of 2,400 radiology reports. Fewer CTPA exams were performed during the early COVID-19 pandemic than during the pre-pandemic period (9806 vs. 12,106). However, the PE positivity rate was significantly higher (11.6 vs. 9.9%,p < 10−4) with an excess of 92 PE cases during the early COVID-19 outbreak, i.e., ~1.3 daily PE cases more than statistically expected. Our results suggest that MIDH can contribute value as an exploratory tool, aiming at a better understanding of pandemic-related effects on healthcare.