bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Institutional change and entrepreneurship as occupational choice—The case of South Korea
Authors: Schüler Diana 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEven though research on the influence of institutions on entrepreneurial activities has recently gained scholarly attention, most studies are quantitative cross-country analyses that assume response homogeneity. Qualitative single-country studies that provide deeper insights into institutional peculiarities are still rare, especially in the East Asian context. Based on qualitative data generated from semi-structured interviews, this study examines the institutional environment for entrepreneurship in South Korea and its latest changes to explain the recent wave of newly established corporations. Building on Scott’s distinction of institutional dimensions, this article demonstrates how significant changes in regulative institutions pushed forward by the Korean central government have decreased individual financial risks and have created a surge in business foundations. At the same time, normative institutions have remained almost unchanged, while changes of the cognitive institutional dimension in the form of entrepreneurship education are underway. The findings suggest that regulative institutions play a bigger role for entrepreneurial activities than cognitive or normative institutions, as people start a business despite unfavorable informal institutions. Theory should therefore reevaluate the importance and effective power of each institutional dimension on entrepreneurial activities. Policymakers who put high emphasis on regulative institutions should pay attention to potential moral hazards arising from generous support programs.
Metal Artifacts in Attenuation and Phase Contrast X-Ray Microcomputed Tomography: A Comparative Study
Authors: Glinz J. , Zabler S. , Kastner J. , Senck S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Metal artifacts arising around high-density components are a widely known problem in X-ray computed tomography (XCT) for both medical and industrial applications. Although phase contrast imaging XCT (PCI-XCT) is known to be less prone to metal artifacts caused by beam hardening, so far only little effort was made for its comparison to other, more established methods.

Objective
In the course of this work, this absence in literature is addressed by a quantitative comparison of PCI-XCT to attenuation contrast XCT (AC-XCT).

Methods
A polymer specimen including four Ti6Al4V inserts was investigated by PCI- and AC-XCT with different pre-filter settings and metal artifact reduction (MAR) algorithm. Artifacts and image quality were evaluated by a streak index which provides a quantitative metric for the assessment of streak artifacts and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR).

Results
Results showed that streak artifacts are significantly reduced in PCI-XCT and only matched by AC-XCT in combination with hardware pre-filtering of the X-ray beam and post-processing by a MAR algorithm. However, hardware pre-filtering leads to worse CNR and artifacts close to the surface of metal inserts could not be removed sufficiently by the MAR algorithm.

Conclusions
This work demonstrates the potential of PCI-XCT for the reduction of metal artifacts and presents the first quantitative comparison to established AC-XCT methods.
Learning a Discriminative Feature Attention Network for pancreas CT segmentation
Authors: Huang Mei-xiang , Wang Yuan-jin , Huang Chong-fei , Yuan Jing , Kong De-xing 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAccurate pancreas segmentation is critical for the diagnosis and management of diseases of the pancreas. It is challenging to precisely delineate pancreas due to the highly variations in volume, shape and location. In recent years, coarse-to-fine methods have been widely used to alleviate class imbalance issue and improve pancreas segmentation accuracy. However, cascaded methods could be computationally intensive and the refined results are significantly dependent on the performance of its coarse segmentation results. To balance the segmentation accuracy and computational efficiency, we propose a Discriminative Feature Attention Network for pancreas segmentation, to effectively highlight pancreas features and improve segmentation accuracy without explicit pancreas location. The final segmentation is obtained by applying a simple yet effective post-processing step. Two experiments on both public NIH pancreas CT dataset and abdominal BTCV multi-organ dataset are individually conducted to show the effectiveness of our method for 2D pancreas segmentation. We obtained average Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) of 82.82±6.09%, average Jaccard Index (JI) of 71.13± 8.30% and average Symmetric Average Surface Distance (ASD) of 1.69 ± 0.83 mm on the NIH dataset. Compared to the existing deep learning-based pancreas segmentation methods, our experimental results achieve the best average DSC and JI value.
The influence of CEO compensation on employee engagement
Authors: Hendriks Martijn , Burger Martijn , Commandeur Harry 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe soaring compensation levels of chief executive officers (CEOs) have spurred an intense debate about its outcomes. This paper examines an understudied outcome in this regard: employee engagement. Using a dynamic panel model with data from 336 publicly listed firms across 26 countries, we find that employee engagement is generally unaffected by CEO (over)compensation. However, negative effects emerge under specific conditions. First, employee engagement declines with negative media coverage about CEO compensation. Second, employee engagement declines with greater CEO (over)compensation in the financial sector, which is a sector with extraordinary levels of CEO compensation and compensation controversies. The findings suggest that a ceiling effect exists, at which point negative effects emerge and employee engagement becomes relevant in determining CEO compensation policies, while the general insensitivity of employee engagement to CEO compensation can help explain the soaring CEO compensation levels.
Electrocardiogram-based mortality prediction in patients with COVID-19 using machine learning
Authors: van de Leur R. R. , Bleijendaal H. , Taha K. , Mast T. , Gho J. M. I. H. , Linschoten M. , van Rees B. , Henkens M. T. H. M. , Heymans S. , Sturkenboom N. , Tio R. A. , Offerhaus J. A. , Bor W. L. , Maarse M. , Haerkens-Arends H. E. , Kolk M. Z. H. , van der Lingen A. C. J. , Selder J. J. , Wierda E. E. , van Bergen P. F. M. M. , Winter M. M. , Zwinderman A. H. , Doevendans P. A. , van der Harst P. , Pinto Y. M. , Asselbergs F. W. , van Es R. , Tjong F. V. Y. ,   the CAPACITY-COVID collaborative consortium
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background and purpose
The electrocardiogram (ECG) is frequently obtained in the work-up of COVID-19 patients. So far, no study has evaluated whether ECG-based machine learning models have added value to predict in-hospital mortality specifically in COVID-19 patients.

Methods
Using data from the CAPACITY-COVID registry, we studied 882 patients admitted with COVID-19 across seven hospitals in the Netherlands. Raw format 12-lead ECGs recorded within 72 h of admission were studied. With data from five hospitals (n = 634), three models were developed: (a) a logistic regression baseline model using age and sex, (b) a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) model using age, sex and human annotated ECG features, and (c) a pre-trained deep neural network (DNN) using age, sex and the raw ECG waveforms. Data from two hospitals (n = 248) was used for external validation.

Results
Performances for models a, b and c were comparable with an area under the receiver operating curve of 0.73 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.65–0.79), 0.76 (95% CI 0.68–0.82) and 0.77 (95% CI 0.70–0.83) respectively. Predictors of mortality in the LASSO model were age, low QRS voltage, ST depression, premature atrial complexes, sex, increased ventricular rate, and right bundle branch block.

Conclusion
This study shows that the ECG-based prediction models could be helpful for the initial risk stratification of patients diagnosed with COVID-19, and that several ECG abnormalities are associated with in-hospital all-cause mortality of COVID-19 patients. Moreover, this proof-of-principle study shows that the use of pre-trained DNNs for ECG analysis does not underperform compared with time-consuming manual annotation of ECG features.
Anisotropic, biomorphic cellular Si3N4 ceramics with directional well-aligned nanowhisker arrays based on wood-mimetic architectures
Authors: Xu Songsong , Zhou Xiaonan , Zhi Qiang , Gao Junjie , Hao Liucheng , Shi Zhongqi , Wang Bo , Yang Jianfeng , Ishizaki Kozo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractInspired by the transport behavior of water and ions through the aligned channels in trees, we demonstrate a facile, scalable approach for constructing biomorphic cellular Si3N4ceramic frameworks with well-aligned nanowhisker arrays on the surface of directionally aligned microchannel alignments. Through a facile Y(NO3)3solution infiltration into wood-derived carbon preforms and subsequent heat treatment, we can faultlessly duplicate the anisotropic wood architectures into free-standing bulk porous Si3N4ceramics. Firstly, α-Si3N4microchannels were synthesized on the surface of CB-templates via carbothermal reduction nitridation (CRN). And then, homogeneous distributed Y−Si−O−N liquid phase on the walls of microchannel facilitated the anisotropic β-Si3N4grain growth to form nanowhisker arrays. The dense aligned microchannels with low-tortuosity enable excellent load carrying capacity and thermal conduction through the entire materials. As a result, the porous Si3N4ceramics exhibited an outstanding thermal conductivity (TC,kR≈ 6.26 W·m−1·K−1), a superior flexural strength (σL≈ 29.4 MPa), and a relative high anisotropic ratio of TC (kR/kL= 4.1). The orientation dependence of the microstructure-property relations may offer a promising perspective for the fabrication of multifunctional ceramics.
One-step method to enhance biotribological properties and biocompatibility of DLC coating by ion beam irradiation
Authors: Liu Yuzhen , Zhang Kelun , Han Jae-Ho , Hwang Youn-Hoo , Xu Shusheng , Kim Dae-Eun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA one-step method was developed to create a highly biocompatible micropatterned surface on a diamond-like carbon (DLC) through irradiation with a nitrogen ion beam and thus enhance the biocompatibility of osseointegrated surfaces and biotribological performance of articular surfaces. The biocompatibility and biotribological mechanisms were analyzed in terms of the structure and morphology of DLC. It was demonstrated that a layer enriched in sp3C−N bonds was formed on the surface of the DLC after nitrogen ion beam irradiation. Moreover, with an increase in the radiation dose, the content of sp3C−N on the DLC surface increased significantly, and the biocompatibility was positively correlated with it. The adhesion of the MC3T3 osteoblasts increased significantly from 32% to 86% under an irradiation dose of 8 × 1015ions/cm2. In contrast, the micropattern had a significant negative effect on the adhesion of the osteoblasts as it physically hindered cell expansion and extension. The micropattern with a depth of 37 nm exhibited good friction properties, and the coefficient of friction was reduced by 21% at relatively high speeds.
Update on the role of extracellular vesicles in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Miao Hai-bing , Wang Fang , Lin Shu , Chen Zhen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a heterogeneous autoimmune disorder that leads to severe joint deformities, negatively affecting the patient's quality of life. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), which include exosomes and ectosomes, act as intercellular communication mediators in several physiological and pathological processes in various diseases including RA. In contrast, EVs secreted by mesenchymal stem cells perform an immunomodulatory function and stimulate cartilage repair, showing promising therapeutic results in animal models of RA. EVs from other sources, including dendritic cells, neutrophils and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, also influence the biological function of immune and joint cells. This review describes the role of EVs in the pathogenesis of RA and presents evidence supporting future studies on the therapeutic potential of EVs from different sources. This information will contribute to a better understanding of RA development, as well as a starting point for exploring cell-free-based therapies for RA.
Building Resilience Against ViolencE (BRAVE): protocol of a parenting intervention for mothers and fathers with post-traumatic stress disorder in Pakistan
Authors: Chaudhry Nasim , Farooque Sana , Kiran Tayyeba , Eylem-van Bergeijk Ozlem , Chaudhry Imran B. , Memon Rakhshi , Husain Mina , Andriopoulou Panoraia , Hussain Rana Mowadat , Naeem Farooq , Husain Nusrat 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundPrevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is high in Pakistan both due to natural disasters and ongoing conflicts. Offspring of trauma survivors are at increased risk for mental and physical illnesses. Parental PTSD has been linked to troubled parent–child relationships, behaviour problems, trauma symptoms, and depression in children. This study aims to explore the acceptability, feasibility and indications of the effectiveness of group learning through play plus trauma-focused cognitive behaviour therapy (LTP Plus TF-CBT) for parents experiencing PTSD.Methods/DesignThis is a two-arm pilot cluster randomised controlled trial (RCT). We aim to recruit 300 parents with a diagnosis of PTSD. The screening will be done using the Impact of Event Scale-Revised. Diagnosis of PTSD will be confirmed using the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale-5 (CAPS-5). Union Councils from Peshawar and Karachi will be randomised into either group LTP Plus TF CBT arm or treatment as usual (TAU). The intervention includes 12 sessions of LTP Plus TF-CBT delivered weekly in the first 2 months and then fortnightly in a group setting by trained psychologists. The groups will be co-facilitated by the community health workers (CHWs). Parents will be assessed at baseline and 4th month (end of the intervention), using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) Scale, Client Service Receipt Inventory (CSRI), and Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ-3)DiscussionThis trial would help build an understanding of the acceptability, feasibility and indications of the effectiveness of a low-cost parenting intervention.
Performative Diplomacy: Iran–Republic of China Relations, 1920–1949
Authors: Figueroa William A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article seeks to fill a gap in the literature by sketching a narrative of Republic of China–Iran relations between 1920 and 1949. It analyzes the factors behind Sino-Iranian cooperation and competition in the tea and silk trades and at the League of Nations. Unofficial commercial interests, including Iranian merchants in Shanghai, played a larger role than previously thought in driving the establishment of the Sino-Persian Treaty of 1920. After ratifying the treaty in 1922, the Republic of China established an Iranian consulate in Shanghai in 1934. Diplomacy between the two nations, and the public ceremonies performed by foreign diplomats in Shanghai, were part of a pattern of performative nationalist diplomacy undertaken by both the Chinese and Iranian states.
Levels of dietary diversity and its associated factors among children aged 6–23 months in West Shoa, Ethiopia: a comparative cross-sectional study
Authors: Belete Kefyalew T. , Daba Derese B. , Shallo Seifadin A. , Yebassa Mecha A. , Danusa Kababa T. , Gadisa Diriba A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Dietary diversity is one of the eight core indicators of infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices. It is also a proxy for nutrient adequacy of the diet of individuals. There are minimal studies showing the level of dietary practice in urban and rural settings comparably. Hence, the present study intended to assess and compare differences in the level of dietary diversity and its contributing factors in urban and rural settings of the West Shoa zone of Oromia, Ethiopia. A community-based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among 674 pairs of mothers/caregivers and children aged 6–23 months using a multistage sampling technique. Data were analysed and descriptive summaries were presented with tables, charts and graphs. A linear regression analysis was used to identify factors that were associated with the level of dietary diversity. The dietary diversity score (DDS) was 26⋅1 % (95 % CI 22⋅8, 29⋅5) both in urban and rural (P < 0⋅001), and also the minimum meal frequency was 56⋅5 % (95 % CI 52⋅7, 60⋅2) (P < 0⋅038). Child from merchant mother, own production of foods at the household level and frequent advice of IYCF practices during Post natal care (PNC) visit in urban residents, maternal secondary educational level, living with caregiver only, having a merchant father, advice of IYCF practice during PNC visit and utilisation of horse as a means of transportation in rural were positively associated with the level of dietary diversity. Generally, infant and young children who received the recommended dietary diversity and the minimum meal frequency were low in the study area both in the urban and rural settings.
Concurrent evolution of seed dormancy and herbicide resistance in field populations of dominant weed species in Western Australian cropping systems
Authors: Maity Aniruddha , Lujan Rocha Roberto , Khalil Yaseen , Bagavathiannan Muthukumar , Ashworth Michael B. , Beckie Hugh J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHerbicide resistance, documented in many economically damaging weed species, is a major threat to global crop production. The injudicious use of herbicides, often in the absence of diverse weed control strategies, poses an immense selection pressure on weed communities for resistance evolution and weed adaptive traits such as high seed dormancy. This study evaluates the interaction among developing herbicide resistance, seed size, and seed dormancy of ripgut brome (Bromus diandrus Roth), wild oat (Avena fatua L.), and hare barley [Hordeum leporinum Link; syn. Hordeum murinum L. ssp. leporinum (Link) Arcang.] collected from within intensively managed fields (in-crop) in comparison with populations in surrounding ruderal (non-crop disturbed) areas with no history of exposure to herbicides within the Western Australian grainbelt. Seed size of the three species varied by farming system (continuous cereal-intensive annual crops, diverse annual crops, pasture based) and habitat (in-crop, ruderal). Field populations of H. leporinum and B. diandrus tended to have greater seed size compared with ruderal populations. Larger seeds had significantly more dormancy in all three weed species. Field-collected populations that were exposed to herbicide applications for at least the past 5 yr exhibited significantly greater seed dormancy compared with their counterparts present in ruderal areas within the same geographic area. The association between increased seed dormancy and developing multiple herbicide resistance further complicates effective weed management.
The Mental Health of German Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Supke Max , Schulz Wolfgang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Theoretical background: The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the daily lives of students completely. Studies indicated that psychology students may be less stressed during the pandemic than other students. This study compares psychology students and students from other disciplines regarding their mental health, alcohol consumption, and partnerships after the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The study sample consisted of n = 127 psychology students and n = 579 students from other disciplines at the TU Braunschweig in Germany who participated in an online survey in June / July of 2021. To analyze the differences between the psychology students and students from other disciplines after the third wave, we calculated t-tests, Chi²-tests, and U-tests separately for female and male students. Results: Significantly fewer female psychology students were above the cut-off values for clinically relevant depressive symptoms (31.5 %; p < .001, Cramer’s V = .32) and anxiety symptoms (22.2 %; p < .001, Cramer’s V = .27) than other female students (depressive symptoms: 66.1 %; anxiety symptoms: 41.9 %). The small sample of male psychology students showed similar tendencies. While female psychology students rated their general health and life satisfaction higher than other female students, male psychology students were less concerned about their professional future than their respective counterparts. No differences were found concerning alcohol consumption and partnerships. Conclusion: We found indications that psychology students, especially female students, are less psychologically distressed after the third wave than students from other disciplines. Better mental health knowledge could be an explanation for this.
Potassic Volcanism Induced by Mantle Upwelling Through a Slab Window: Evidence From Shear Wave Splitting Analyses in Central Java
Authors: Kong Fansheng , Gao Stephen S. , Liu Kelly H. , Li Jiabiao 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTo delineate the mantle flow fields in the vicinity of a previously proposed slab window and the possible roles that they may play in the formation of potassic volcanism in Central Java, we conduct shear wave splitting analyses using both local S and teleseismic XKS waves (including SKS, SKKS, and PKS) recorded by 121 onshore stations and two ocean bottom seismometers (OBSs). The XKS fast orientations from the OBSs are trench normal and in accord with previous subslab anisotropy measurements. In the eastern part of Central Java, the XKS and local S fast orientations from the onshore stations are mostly trench‐parallel; in contrast, in the western part of Central Java, the XKS fast orientations are trench‐normal while the local S measurements are spatially varying. The observations can be attributed to four flow systems including (a) subslab trench normal mantle flow in areas away from the trench which is entrained by the Australian Plate, (b) trench normal flow that goes into the mantle wedge from the subslab area through a slab window beneath the western part of the study area, (c) trench‐parallel subslab flow near the trench beneath the eastern part of the study area which is driven by slab‐rollback, and (d) dominantly trench‐parallel flow system in the mantle wedge reflecting the horizontal component of the escaped flow system through the slab window. We propose that the vertical component of the escaped flow is responsible for the formation of the potassic volcanoes in the adjacent oceanic area.