bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dose–response relationship between body mass index and tuberculosis in China: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Chen Jinou , Zha Shun , Hou Jinglong , Lu Kunyun , Qiu Yubing , Yang Rui , Li Ling , Yang Yunbin , Xu Lin 
Published: March 2022

ObjectivesThis study aimed to describe and quantify the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and tuberculosis (TB) incidence.DesignA population-based prospective cohort study.SettingTen randomly selected communities in the southwestern mountainous region of China.ParticipantsParticipants who had resided in study sites before screening for at least 6 months were eligible. Those who refused to participate or were temporary residents (who resided less than 6 months during three waves of screening) were excluded. The present research included 26 022 participants aged over 15 years for analyses.InterventionsThe cohort study conducted three rounds of TB screening from 2013 to 2015. Face-to-face surveys for participants were carried out. TB symptoms positivity suspects underwent chest X-ray and sputum smear test for diagnosis.Primary outcome measuresThe study outcome was the diagnosed active TB in the second and third rounds of screening.ResultsDuring the follow-up of 2.25 years, 43 cases developed TB in 44 574.4 person-years. The negative log-linear relationship between BMI and TB incidence was fitted (adjustedR2=0.76). Overweight or obese was associated with a lower risk of TB compared with normal weight (adjusted HR (aHR) 0.34, 95% CI 0.14 to 0.82). The inverse log-linear associations between continuous BMI and individual TB risk were evaluated. In subgroup analysis, the risk of TB reduced 78% in overweight or obese women (aHR 0.22, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.97), and a 64% reduction in the elderly (aHR 0.36, 95% CI 0.12 to 1.00) compared with those with normal weight, respectively.ConclusionsThe study provided evidence for a negative association between BMI and TB development in Chinese adults. It suggests the inverse dose–response relationship between BMI and TB incidence, and implies an optimal cut-off point of BMI for screening strategy.
Monetised estimated quality-adjusted life year (QALY) losses for non-fatal injuries
Authors: Miller Gabrielle F , Florence Curtis , Barnett Sarah Beth , Peterson Cora , Lawrence Bruce A , Miller Ted R 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundQuality-adjusted life years (QALYs) provide a means to compare injuries using a common measurement which allows quality of life and duration of life from an injury to be considered. A more comprehensive picture of the economic losses associated with injuries can be found when QALY estimates are combined with medical and work loss costs. This study provides estimates of QALY loss.MethodsQALY loss estimates were assigned to records in the 2018 National Electronic Injury Surveillance System - All Injury Program. QALY estimates by body region and nature of injury were assigned using a combination of previous research methods. Injuries were rated on six dimensions, which identify a set of discrete qualitative impairments. Additionally, a seventh dimension, work-related disability, was included. QALY loss estimates were produced by intent and mechanism, for all emergency department-treated cases, by two disposition groups.ResultsLifetime QALY losses ranged from 0.0004 to 0.388 for treated and released injuries, and from 0.031 to 3.905 for hospitalised injuries. The 1-year monetary value of QALY losses ranged from $136 to $437 000 among both treated and released and hospitalised injuries. The lifetime monetary value of QALY losses for hospitalised injuries ranged from $16 000 to $2.1 million.ConclusionsThese estimates provide information to improve knowledge about the comprehensive economic burden of injuries; direct cost elements that can be measured through financial transactions do not capture the full cost of an injury. Comprehensive assessment of the long-term cost of injuries, including quality of life losses, is critical to accurately estimate the economic burden of injuries.
Oncolytic Orf virus licenses NK cells via cDC1 to activate innate and adaptive antitumor mechanisms and extends survival in a murine model of late-stage ovarian cancer
Authors: van Vloten Jacob P , Matuszewska Kathy , Minow Mark A A , Minott Jessica A , Santry Lisa A , Pereira Madison , Stegelmeier Ashley A , McAusland Thomas M , Klafuric Elaine M , Karimi Khalil , Colasanti Joseph , McFadden D Grant , Petrik James J , Bridle Byram W , Wootton Sarah K 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundNovel therapies are needed to improve outcomes for women diagnosed with ovarian cancer. Oncolytic viruses are multifunctional immunotherapeutic biologics that preferentially infect cancer cells and stimulate inflammation with the potential to generate antitumor immunity. Herein we describeParapoxvirus ovis(Orf virus (OrfV)), an oncolytic poxvirus, as a viral immunotherapy for ovarian cancer.MethodsThe immunotherapeutic potential of OrfV was tested in the ID8 orthotopic mouse model of end-stage epithelial ovarian carcinoma. Immune cell profiling, impact on secondary lesion development and survival were evaluated in OrfV-treated mice as well as in Batf3 knockout, mice depleted of specific immune cell subsets and in mice where the primary tumor was removed. Finally, we interrogated gene expression datasets from primary human ovarian tumors from the International Cancer Genome Consortium database to determine whether the interplay we observed between natural killer (NK) cells, classical type 1 dendritic cells (cDC1s) and T cells exists and influences outcomes in human ovarian cancer.ResultsOrfV was an effective monotherapy in a murine model of advanced-stage epithelial ovarian cancer. OrfV intervention relied on NK cells, which when depleted abrogated antitumor CD8+T-cell responses. OrfV therapy was shown to require cDC1s in experiments with BATF3 knockout mice, which do not have mature cDC1s. Furthermore, cDC1s governed antitumor NK and T-cell responses to mediate antitumor efficacy following OrfV. Primary tumor removal, a common treatment option in human patients, was effectively combined with OrfV for optimal therapeutic outcome. Analysis of human RNA sequencing datasets revealed that cDC1s correlate with NK cells in human ovarian cancer and that intratumoral NK cells correlate positively with survival.ConclusionsThe data herein support the translational potential of OrfV as an NK stimulating immunotherapeutic for the treatment of advanced-stage ovarian cancer.
Use of machine learning in osteoarthritis research: a systematic literature review
Authors: Binvignat Marie , Pedoia Valentina , Butte Atul J , Louati Karine , Klatzmann David , Berenbaum Francis , Mariotti-Ferrandiz Encarnita , Sellam Jérémie 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveThe aim of this systematic literature review was to provide a comprehensive and exhaustive overview of the use of machine learning (ML) in the clinical care of osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsA systematic literature review was performed in July 2021 using MEDLINE PubMed with key words and MeSH terms. For each selected article, the number of patients, ML algorithms used, type of data analysed, validation methods and data availability were collected.ResultsFrom 1148 screened articles, 46 were selected and analysed; most were published after 2017. Twelve articles were related to diagnosis, 7 to prediction, 4 to phenotyping, 12 to severity and 11 to progression. The number of patients included ranged from 18 to 5749. Overall, 35% of the articles described the use of deep learning And 74% imaging analyses. A total of 85% of the articles involved knee OA and 15% hip OA. No study investigated hand OA. Most of the studies involved the same cohort, with data from the OA initiative described in 46% of the articles and the MOST and Cohort Hip and Cohort Knee cohorts in 11% and 7%. Data and source codes were described as publicly available respectively in 54% and 22% of the articles. External validation was provided in only 7% of the articles.ConclusionThis review proposes an up-to-date overview of ML approaches used in clinical OA research and will help to enhance its application in this field.
Comparative study of granulomatosis with polyangiitis subsets according to ANCA status: data from the French Vasculitis Study Group Registry
Authors: Puéchal Xavier , Iudici Michele , Pagnoux Christian , Cohen Pascal , Hamidou Mohamed , Aouba Achille , Lifermann François , Ruivard Marc , Aumaître Olivier , Bonnotte Bernard , Maurier Francois , Le Gallou Thomas , Hachulla Eric , Karras Alexandre , Khouatra Chahéra , Jourde-Chiche Noémie , Viallard Jean-François , Blanchard-Delaunay Claire , Godmer Pascal , Le Quellec Alain , Quéméneur Thomas , de Moreuil Claire , Mouthon Luc , Terrier Benjamin , Guillevin Loïc 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveTo investigate whether antineutrophil cytoplasm antibody (ANCA)-negative and myeloperoxidase (MPO)-ANCA–positive granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) differ from proteinase-3 (PR3)-ANCA–positive GPA.MethodsDiagnostic characteristics and outcomes of newly diagnosed French Vasculitis Study Group Registry patients with ANCA-negative, MPO-ANCA–positive or PR3-ANCA–positive GPA satisfying American College of Rheumatology criteria and/or Chapel Hill Conference Consensus Nomenclature were compared.ResultsAmong 727 GPA, 62 (8.5%) were ANCA-negative, 119 (16.4%) MPO-ANCA–positive and 546 (75.1%) PR3-ANCA–positive. ANCA-negative patients had significantly (p<0.05) more limited disease (17.7% vs 5.8%) and less kidney involvement (35.5% vs 58.9%) than those PR3-ANCA–positive or MPO-ANCA–positive, with comparable relapse-free (RFS) and overall survival (OS). MPO-ANCA–positive versus PR3-ANCA–positive and ANCA-negative patients were significantly more often female (52.9% vs 42.1%), older (59.8 vs 51.9 years), with more frequent kidney involvement (65.5% vs 55.2%) and less arthralgias (34.5% vs 55.1%), purpura (8.4% vs 17.1%) or eye involvement (18.5% vs 28.4%); RFS was similar but OS was lower before age adjustment. PR3-positive patients’ RFS was significantly lower than for ANCA-negative and MPO-positive groups combined, with OS higher before age adjustment. PR3-ANCA–positivity independently predicted relapse for all GPA forms combined but not when comparing only PR3-ANCA–positive versus MPO-ANCA–positive patients.ConclusionsBased on this large cohort, ANCA-negative versus ANCA-positive patients more frequently had limited disease but similar RFS and OS. MPO-ANCA–positive patients had similar RFS but lower OS due to their older age. PR3-ANCA–positive GPA patients’ RFS was lower than those of the two other subsets combined but that difference did not persist when comparing only PR3 versus MPO-ANCA–positive patients.
Sustained and improved guselkumab response in patients with active psoriatic arthritis regardless of baseline demographic and disease characteristics: pooled results through week 52 of two phase III, randomised, placebo-controlled studies
Authors: Ritchlin Christopher T , Mease Philip J , Boehncke Wolf-Henning , Tesser John , Schiopu Elena , Chakravarty Soumya D , Kollmeier Alexa P , Xu Xie L , Shawi May , Jiang Yusang , Sheng Shihong , Wang Yanli , Xu Stephen , Merola Joseph F , McInnes Iain B , Deodhar Atul 
Published: March 2022

ObjectivesTo evaluate the efficacy through 52 weeks of guselkumab, an interleukin 23-p19 subunit inhibitor, in subgroups of pooled psoriatic arthritis (PsA) patients from the DISCOVER-1 and DISCOVER-2 trials defined by baseline patient characteristics.MethodsAdults with active PsA despite standard therapies were enrolled in DISCOVER-1 (≥3 swollen and ≥3 tender joints, C reactive protein (CRP) level ≥0.3 mg/dL) and DISCOVER-2 (≥5 swollen and ≥5 tender joints, CRP ≥0.6 mg/dL, biological-naïve). Randomised patients received 100 mg guselkumab at weeks 0, 4, and then every 4 or 8 weeks (Q4W/Q8W) or placebo. Guselkumab effects on joint (ACR20/50/70), skin (IGA 0/1, IGA 0), patient-reported outcome (Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index/Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue) and disease severity (minimal disease activity/PsA Disease Activity Score low disease activity) endpoints were evaluated by patient sex, body mass index, PsA duration, swollen/tender joint counts, CRP level, percent body surface area with psoriasis, Psoriasis Area and Severity Index score, and conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug use at baseline.ResultsBaseline patients characteristics in DISCOVER-1 (N=381) and DISCOVER-2 (N=739) were well balanced across randomised groups. At week 24, 62% (232/373) and 60% (225/375), respectively, of guselkumab Q4W-treated and Q8W-treated patients pooled across DISCOVER-1 and DISCOVER-2 achieved the primary endpoint of ACR20 response versus 29% (109/372) of placebo-treated patients. Guselkumab treatment effect at week 24 was observed across patient subgroups. Within each patient subgroup, response rates across all disease domains were sustained or increased at week 52 with both guselkumab regimens.ConclusionsGuselkumab Q4W and Q8W resulted in robust and sustained improvements in PsA signs and symptoms consistently in subgroups of patients defined by diverse baseline characteristics.Trial registration numbersNCT03162796,NCT03158285.
The surprising benefits of a pre-first draft
Authors: Yaffe Philip 
Published: March 2022

Each "Communication Corner" essay is self-contained; however, they build on each other. For best results, before reading this essay and doing the exercise, go to the first essay "How an Ugly Duckling Became a Swan," then read each succeeding essay.
Good expository (non-fiction) writers are good because they have interesting and important things to say. Wrong. Virtually everyone has interesting and important things to say; it's just that we aren't aware of them. Here is a technique to help you find your inner voice.
Univalent Functions by Means of Chebyshev Polynomials
Authors: Najafzadeh Sh. , Salleh Z. 
Published: March 2022

The primary motivation of the paper is to define a new class

C

h

δ

α
,
β
,
γ

which consists of univalent functions associated with Chebyshev polynomials. For this class, we determine the coefficient bound and convolution preserving property. Furthermore, by using subordination structure, two new subclasses of

C

h

δ

α
,
β
,
γ

are introduced and denoted by

M

λ

1

,

λ

2

,
s

and

N

λ

1

,

λ

2

,
s

, respectively. For these subclasses, we obtain coefficient estimate, extreme points, integral representation, convexity, geometric interpretation, and inclusion results. Moreover, we prove that, under some restrictions on parameters,

C

h

δ

α
,
β
,
γ

=
N

λ

1

,

λ

2

,
s

.
Integrative Genomic Profiling Uncovers Therapeutic Targets of Acral Melanoma in Asian Populations
Authors: Shi Qiong , Liu Lin , Chen Jianru , Zhang Weigang , Guo Weinan , Wang Xiao , Wang Huina , Guo Sen , Yue Qiao , Ma Jingjing , Liu Yu , Zhu Guannan , Zhao Tao , Zhao Jianhong , Liu Ying , Gao Tianwen , Li Chunying 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Purpose:
Acral melanoma is the major subtype of melanoma seen in Asian patients with melanoma and is featured by its insidious onset and poor prognosis. The genomic study that elucidates driving mutational events is fundamental to the development of gene-targeted therapy. However, research on genomic profiles of acral melanoma in Asian patients is still sparse.

Experimental Design:
We carried out whole-exome sequencing (WES) on 60 acral melanoma lesions (with 55 primary samples involved), targeted deep sequencing in a validation cohort of 48 cases, RNA sequencing in 37 acral melanoma samples (all from the 60 undergoing WES), and FISH in 233 acral melanoma specimens (54 of the 60 undergoing WES included). All the specimens were derived from Asian populations.

Results:
BRAF, NRAS, and KIT were discerned as significantly mutated genes (SMG) in acral melanoma. The detected COSMIC signature 3 related to DNA damage repair, along with the high genomic instability score, implied corresponding pathogenesis of acral melanoma. Moreover, the copy number gains of EP300 were associated with the response of acral melanoma to targeted therapy of A485 (a p300 inhibitor) and immune checkpoint blockade treatment. In addition, the temporal order in mutational processes of the samples was reconstructed, and copy-number alterations were identified as early mutational events.

Conclusions:
Our study provided a detailed view of genomic instability, potential therapeutic targets, and intratumoral heterogeneity of acral melanoma, which might fuel the development of personalized strategies for treating acral melanoma in Asian populations.
Prognostic Significance of DNA Methylation Profiles at MRI Enhancing Tumor Recurrence: a Report from the EORTC 26091 TAVAREC Trial
Authors: Draaisma Kaspar , Tesileanu C. Mircea S. , de Heer Iris , Klein Martin , Smits Marion , Reijneveld Jaap C. , Clement Paul M. , de Vos Filip Y.F. , Wick Antje , Mulholland Paul J. , Taphoorn Martin J.B. , Weller Michael , Chinot Olivier L. , Kros Johan M. , Verschuere Tina , Coens Corneel , Golfinopoulos Vassilis , Gorlia Thierry , Idbaih Ahmed , Robe Pierre A. , van den Bent Martin J. , French Pim J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Purpose:
Despite recent advances in the molecular characterization of gliomas, it remains unclear which patients benefit most from which second-line treatments. The TAVAREC trial was a randomized, open-label phase II trial assessing the benefit of the addition of the angiogenesis inhibitor bevacizumab to treatment with temozolomide in patients with a first enhancing recurrence of World Health Organization grade 2 or 3 glioma without 1p/19q codeletion. We evaluated the prognostic significance of genome-wide DNA methylation profiles and copy-number variations on the TAVAREC trial samples.

Experimental Design:
Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation status was determined via Sanger sequencing and IHC. DNA methylation analysis was performed using the MethylationEPIC BeadChip (Illumina) from which 1p/19q codeletion, MGMT promoter methylation (MGMT-STP27), and homozygous deletion of CDKN2A/B were determined. DNA methylation classes were determined according to classifiers developed in Heidelberg and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA; “Heidelberg” and “TCGA” classifier respectively).

Results:
DNA methylation profiles of 122 samples were successfully determined. As expected, most samples were IDH-mutant (89/122) and MGMT promotor methylated (89/122). Methylation classes were prognostic for time to progression. However, Heidelberg methylation classes determined at time of diagnosis were no longer prognostic following enhancing recurrence of the tumor. In contrast, TCGA methylation classes of primary samples remained prognostic also following enhancing recurrence. Homozygous deletions in CDKN2A/B were found in 10 of 87 IDH-mutated samples and were prognostically unfavorable at recurrence.

Conclusions:
DNA methylome Heidelberg classification at time of diagnosis is no longer of prognostic value at the time of enhancing recurrence. CDKN2A/B deletion status was predictive of survival from progression of IDH-mutated tumors.
Dos textos de Anton Tchekhov a uma nova escrita cênica
Authors: Dias Viviane Costa 
Published: March 2022

O artigo reflete sobre a tradição do teatro lúdico russo, uma abordagem pedagógica e da cena que pode ser considerada um desdobramento do Sistema de Stanislavski e alimento para teatralidades contemporâneas. Ele se desenvolve pela análise de minhas experiências diretas com a abordagem lúdica por meio de contato com diretores-pedagogos como Jurij Alschitz e Anatoly Vassiliev e pesquisa bibliográfica. Apresento algumas ideias geradoras desta cena, sua perspectiva em relação à formação do ator e também busco lançar paralelos entre suas propostas e potenciais implícitos nos textos de Anton Tcheckov, prioritariamente a partir de reflexão sobre a maneira como o autor escreve.
Global 1968 in Egypt: Raḍwā ʿĀshūr’s Farag and the Disarticulation of Area Studies
Authors: Ernst M.J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This article reads Raḍwā ʿĀshūr’s novel Farag as an afterlife of the global anti-capitalist, anti-imperialist political culture of 1968. I argue that Farag entangles post-1968 Egypt and France from a position of decentered interlocality, which places the histories of Egypt’s 1970s student movement and France’s Third-World-Marxist left in critical dialogue. At a time when the Egyptian left was paralyzed by state co-optation, the political awakening of the novel’s protagonist, Nadā, is fostered by her exposure to the independent left of 1968 France. After she is imprisoned in Egypt several years later for participating in the student movement, however, Nadā must reckon with the incongruities of her postcolonial experience and interrogate French theory’s Eurocentric claim to universality. Thereafter, ʿĀshūr’s novel charts the tragic demise of the radical left across the Global South through the declining parallel figures of Nadā’s French mother and two Egyptian student movement leaders.
Intraspecific variation in hematological parameters and erythrocyte size among three populations of Batrachuperus tibetanus (Caudata: Hynobiidae)
Authors: Xiong Jianli , Gou Jianping , Li Guanglu , You Zhangqiang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Intraspecific variation is a common phenomenon in nature, but to date, research on such variation in hematological traits of urodeles remains scarce. To compare intraspecific variation in hematological traits among populations, and explore whether snout–vent length (SVL) and body mass influence hematological traits, hematological parameters and erythrocyte size in 58 mature Batrachuperus tibetanus specimens belonging to three populations (Xihe, Meixian and Taibai) in northwestern China were analyzed. There were no sexual differences in any hematological trait for all populations. No hematological traits differed significantly between the Meixian and Taibai populations, but significantly lower values of erythrocyte count (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), erythrocyte length (L), and erythrocyte area (A), as well as a significantly higher leukocyte count (WBC) were observed in the Xihe population compared with the other two. Linear regression analyses showed that significant relationships were present between SVL and Hb, RBC, Hct, and L; and body mass and Hb, RBC, Hct, and L. However, SVL and WBC were negatively correlated. Only L differed significantly among populations when accounting for the effects of SVL and body mass. Hb, RBC, WBC, and Hct variations among populations possibly contribute to differences in SVL or body mass, and erythrocyte size (L and A) variations are perhaps attributable to differences in lower Hb, RBC, and Hct; these variations are not the result of differences in habitat variables. Our results provide a foundation for understanding physiological intraspecific variation.
Socrates’ Burial in Plato and Euclides
Authors: Luz Menahem 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In Phaedo 115c-e Socrates scornfully rebukes Crito for enquiring how Socrates should be buried for Crito had not been persuaded by the previous arguments that burying Socrates’ body is not equal to burying Socrates. A parallel account is found in Aelian (Var. Hist.I. 16. 4-5) and Diogenes Laertius (D.L. II. 35) where Apollodorus is rebuked for attempting to persuade Socrates that he should be bothered how his remains would be clothed when laid out. Several scholars have suggested this should not be considered a copy of Plato but an early proto-type written by one of his contemporaries with particular regard to Euclides of Megara. While this thesis has been criticized, further evidence will be examined in this article (Stob. IV. xxxv.33) where the character of Apollodorus cites an unnamed Megarian examining this same argument but with conclusions different from those in Plato. Here the Megarian concludes that though the body may be separate from the soul we still show care and grief for the remains. The argument is both cogent and non-metaphysical in approach but characterized from a Socratic perspective. In the conclusions, I will attempt to reopen the case for a Euclidean origin of the Crito vignette in Phaedo 115c-e.