bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crystal Structure and Magnetism of Fe1−xTe (x=0.31)
Authors: Prots Yurii , Clark William P. , Schmidt Marcus , Burkhardt Ulrich , Rößler Sahana , Fitch Andy , Grin Yuri , Schwarz Ulrich 
Published: September 2022

AbstractReaction of iron‐tellurium mixtures in the composition range from Fe0.41Te0.59 to Fe0.43Te0.57 followed by quenching to ambient temperature yields the high‐temperature δ phase Fe1−xTe (0.25<x<0.31). Single crystals of δ phase Fe1−xTe, with x=0.31(1), are obtained by reacting Fe−Te mixtures with nominal composition Fe0.43Te0.57 in closed ampoules at 973 K for 15 days before quenching to ambient temperature. In accordance with the chemical transport behavior of other phases in the iron‐tellurium system, the refined composition of the single crystals Fe1−xTe with x=0.31(1) suggests that crystallization and growth preferably occur in the tellurium‐rich part of the homogeneity range.The resulting crystals adopt a monoclinic crystal structure with unit cell parameters a=6.645(2) Å, b=3.8409(6) Å, c=11.314(3) Å, β=90.47(1)°, Z=4 (space group I2/m, non‐standard setting of C2/m). Single crystal structure refinement reveals a NiAs motif with partial occupation in every second iron layer along [001]. Magnetic susceptibility measurements indicate antiferromagnetic order below 400 K.
Marginally deformed Schrödinger/dipole CFT correspondence
Authors: Georgiou George , Itsios Georgios , Zoakos Dimitrios 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We construct and thoroughly study a new integrable example of the AdS/CFT correspondence with Schrödinger symmetry. On the gravity side, the supergravity solution depends on two parameters and is obtained by marginally deforming the internal space of the Schrödinger background through a series of TsT transformations. On the field theory side, we identify the dual field theory which also depends on two parameters.We find a point-like string solution and derive its dispersion relation. By using the Landau-Lifshitz coherent state Lagrangian, which originates from field theory, we reproduce the leading, in the deformation parameters, terms of the string theory prediction. This constitutes a non-trivial test of the correspondence. Then, we calculate the Wilson loop, describing the quark/anti-quark potential at strong coupling. It exhibits confining behaviour when the separation length is much less than the Schrödinger parameter. When the separation length is much greater than the Schrödinger parameter the behaviour is that of a conformal theory. Subsequently, we take the Penrose limit along a certain null geodesic of the constructed background and calculate the bosonic spectrum. Based on that spectrum, we make an educated guess for the exact, in the ’t Hooft coupling, dispersion relation of the magnon excitations in the original doubly deformed background. This provides us with an exact prediction for the dimensions of the dual field theory operators. This applies to operators of large length, for which finite size corrections are suppressed.
The holographic entropy cone from marginal independence
Authors: Hernández-Cuenca Sergio , Hubeny Veronika E. , Rota Massimiliano 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The holographic entropy cone characterizes the relations between entanglement entropies for a spatial partitioning of the boundary spacetime of a holographic CFT in any state describing a classical bulk geometry. We argue that the holographic entropy cone, for an arbitrary number of parties, can be reconstructed from more fundamental data determined solely by subadditivity of quantum entropy. We formulate certain conjectures about graph models of holographic entanglement, for which we provide strong evidence, and rigorously prove that they all imply that such a reconstruction is possible. Our conjectures (except only for the weakest) further imply that the necessary data is remarkably simple. In essence, all one needs to know to reconstruct the holographic entropy cone, is a certain subset of the extreme rays of this simpler “subadditivity cone”, namely those which can be realized in holography. This recasting of the bewildering entanglement structure of geometric states into primal building blocks paves the way to distilling the essence of holography for the emergence of a classical bulk spacetime.
Chiral anomaly induces superconducting baryon crystal
Authors: Evans Geraint W. , Schmitt Andreas 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
It was previously shown within chiral perturbation theory that the ground state of QCD in a sufficiently large magnetic field and at nonvanishing, but not too large, baryon chemical potential is a so-called chiral soliton lattice. The crucial ingredient of this observation was the chiral anomaly in the form of a Wess-Zumino-Witten term, which couples the baryon chemical potential to the magnetic field and the gradient of the neutral pion field. It was also shown that the chiral soliton lattice becomes unstable towards charged pion condensation at larger magnetic fields. We point out that this instability bears a striking resemblance to the second critical magnetic field of a type-II superconductor, however with the superconducting phase appearing upon increasing the magnetic field. The resulting phase has a periodically varying charged pion condensate that coexists with a neutral pion supercurrent. We construct this phase analytically in the chiral limit and show that it is energetically preferred. Just like an ordinary type-II superconductor, it exhibits a hexagonal array of magnetic flux tubes, and, due to the chiral anomaly, a spatially oscillating baryon number of the same crystalline structure.
Entanglement witnessing for lattice gauge theories
Authors: Panizza Veronica , Costa de Almeida Ricardo , Hauke Philipp 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Entanglement is assuming a central role in modern quantum many-body physics. Yet, for lattice gauge theories its certification remains extremely challenging. A key difficulty stems from the local gauge constraints underlying the gauge theory, which separate the full Hilbert space into a direct sum of subspaces characterized by different superselection rules. In this work, we develop the theoretical framework of entanglement witnessing for lattice gauge theories that takes this subtlety into account. We illustrate the concept at the example of a U(1) lattice gauge theory in 2+1 dimensions, without and with dynamical fermionic matter. As this framework circumvents costly state tomography, it opens the door to resource-efficient certification of entanglement in theoretical studies as well as in laboratory quantum simulations of gauge theories.
Genome-wide association mapping of septoria nodorum blotch resistance in Nordic winter and spring wheat collections
Authors: Lin Min , Ficke Andrea , Dieseth Jon Arne , Lillemo Morten 
Published: September 2022

AbstractKey messageA new QTL for SNB,QSnb.nmbu-2AS, was found in both winter and spring wheat panels that can greatly advance SNB resistance breedingAbstractSeptoria nodorum blotch (SNB), caused by the necrotrophic fungal pathogenParastagonospora nodorum, is the dominant leaf blotch pathogen of wheat in Norway. Resistance/susceptibility to SNB is a quantitatively inherited trait, which can be partly explained by the interactions between wheat sensitivity loci (Snn) and correspondingP. nodorumnecrotrophic effectors (NEs). Two Nordic wheat association mapping panels were assessed for SNB resistance in the field over three to four years: a spring wheat and a winter wheat panel (n = 296 and 102, respectively). Genome-wide association studies found consistent SNB resistance associated with quantitative trait loci (QTL) on eleven wheat chromosomes, and ten of those QTL were common in the spring and winter wheat panels. One robust QTL on the short arm of chromosome 2A,QSnb.nmbu-2AS, was significantly detected in both the winter and spring wheat panels. For winter wheat, using the four years of SNB field severity data in combination with five years of historical data, the effect ofQSnb.nmbu-2ASwas confirmed in seven of the nine years, while for spring wheat, the effect was confirmed for all tested years including the historical data from 2014 to 2015. However, lines containing the resistant haplotype are rare in both Nordic spring (4.0%) and winter wheat cultivars (15.7%), indicating the potential of integrating this QTL in SNB resistance breeding programs. In addition, clear and significant additive effects were observed by stacking resistant alleles of the detected QTL, suggesting that marker-assisted selection can greatly facilitate SNB resistance breeding.
Herausforderungen und Chancen für die Lithiumgewinnung aus geothermalen Systemen in Deutschland – Teil 1: Literaturvergleich bestehender Extraktionstechnologien
Authors: Goldberg Valentin , Kluge Tobias , Nitschke Fabian 
Published: September 2022

ZusammenfassungDie hier vorgestellte Arbeit schätzt den Stand der Extraktionstechnologien zur Lithiumgewinnung aus geothermalen Wässern basierend auf aktuellen wissenschaftlichen Studien ab und identifiziert mögliche technische Herausforderungen. Bewertet werden häufig diskutierte Technologien wie Flüssig-Flüssig-Extraktion, selektive Extraktion durch anorganische Sorptionsmittel, elektrochemische Methoden und Membrantechnologien hinsichtlich ihrer Anwendbarkeit und Integrierbarkeit in die geothermische Energieproduktion. Aktuelle Forschungsprojekte haben verschiedene Extraktionsmethoden im Labor- und teilweise Prototypenmaßstab validiert. Eine Skalierung zu einem industriellen Prozess existiert bisher nicht. Dementsprechend fehlen Informationen bezüglich Dauerbetriebs sowie Einfluss standortspezifischer Hürden (Wasserchemie, Volumenstrom, Fließraten etc.) und zur tatsächlichen Wirtschaftlichkeit. Die Menge des rückgewinnbaren Lithiums ergibt sich in erster Linie aus der Konzentration des im Wasser gelösten Lithiums, der Extraktionseffizienz und -geschwindigkeit, sowie der Menge des verwendeten Extraktionsmittels. Das Zusammenspiel dieser Faktoren bestimmt die Verfahrenstechnik und die Größe der Extraktionsinfrastruktur. Je nach Verfahren werden die physikochemischen Eigenschaften des Wassers (pH, Eh, T, p etc.) während der Extraktion verändert, wodurch das Scaling- und Korrosionspotenzial gesteigert werden kann.Der aktuelle Stand der Technik zeigt ein frühes bis mittleres Technologiereifestadium bei Lithium-Extraktionseffizienzen in Laborexperimenten von 50–90 %. Unter den ungleich höheren Herausforderungen im laufenden Betrieb eines Geothermiekraftwerks, werden Extraktionseffizienzen im unteren Bereich dieser Bandbreite als realistisch angesehen.
Diversity of root hydrotropism among natural variants of Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Mao Boyuan , Takahashi Hiroki , Takahashi Hideyuki , Fujii Nobuharu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRoot gravitropism affects root hydrotropism. The interference intensity of root gravitropism with root hydrotropism differs among plant species. However, these differences have not been well compared within a single plant species. In this study, we compared root hydrotropism in various natural variants of Arabidopsis under stationary conditions. As a result, we detected a range of root hydrotropism under stationary conditions among natural Arabidopsis variants. Comparison of root gravitropism and root hydrotropism among several Arabidopsis natural variants classified natural variants that decreased root hydrotropism into two types; namely one type that expresses root gravitropism and root hydrotropism weaker than Col-0, and the other type that expresses weaker root hydrotropism than Col-0 but expresses similar root gravitropism with Col-0. However, root hydrotropism of all examined Arabidopsis natural variants was facilitated by clinorotation. These results suggested that the interference of root gravitropism with root hydrotropism is conserved among Arabidopsis natural variants, although the intensity of root gravitropism interference with root hydrotropism differs.
Draft genomes and descriptions of Urmitella timonensis gen. nov., sp. nov. and Marasmitruncus massiliensis gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from severely malnourished African children using culturomics
Authors: Bellali Sara , Haddad Gabriel , Pham Thi-Phuong-Thao , Iwaza Rim , Ibrahim Ahmad , Armstrong Nicholas , Fadlane Amael , Couderc Carine , Diallo Aldiouma , Sokhna Cheikh , Million Matthieu , Raoult Didier , Tidjani Alou Maryam 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTwo strains, designated as Marseille-P2918T and Marseille-P3646T, were isolated from a 14-week-old Senegalese girl using culturomics: Urmitella timonensis strain Marseille-P2918T (= CSUR P2918, = DSM 103634) and Marasmitruncus massiliensis strain Marseille-P3646T (= CSUR P3646, = CCUG72353). Both strains were rod-shaped, anaerobic, spore forming motile bacteria. The 16S rRNA gene sequences of strains Marseille-P2918T (LT598554) and Marseille-P3646T (LT725660) shared 93.25% and 94.34% identity with Tissierella praeacuta ATCC 25539T and Anaerotruncus colihominis CIP 107754T, their respective phylogenetically closest species with standing in nomenclature. Therefore, strain Marseille-P2918T is classified within the family Tissierellaceae and order Tissierellales whereas strain Marseille-P3646T is classified within the family Oscillospiraceae and order Eubacteriales. The genome of strain Marseille-P2918T had a size of 2.13 Mb with a GC content of 50.52% and includes six scaffolds and six contigs, and that of strain Marseille-P3646T was 3.76 Mbp long consisting of five contigs with a 50.04% GC content. The genomes of both strains presented a high percentage of genes encoding enzymes involved in genetic information and processing, suggesting a high growth rate and adaptability. These new taxa are extensively described and characterised in this paper, using the concept of taxono-genomic description.
Identifying algorithm in program code based on structural features using CNN classification model
Authors: Watanobe Yutaka , Rahman Md. Mostafizer , Amin Md. Faizul Ibne , Kabir Raihan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn software, an algorithm is a well-organized sequence of actions that provides the optimal way to complete a task. Algorithmic thinking is also essential to break-down a problem and conceptualize solutions in some steps. The proper selection of an algorithm is pivotal to improve computational performance and software productivity as well as to programming learning. That is, determining a suitable algorithm from a given code is widely relevant in software engineering and programming education. However, both humans and machines find it difficult to identify algorithms from code without any meta-information. This study aims to propose a program code classification model that uses a convolutional neural network (CNN) to classify codes based on the algorithm. First, program codes are transformed into a sequence of structural features (SFs). Second, SFs are transformed into a one-hot binary matrix using several procedures. Third, different structures and hyperparameters of the CNN model are fine-tuned to identify the best model for the code classification task. To do so, 61,614 real-world program codes of different types of algorithms collected from an online judge system are used to train, validate, and evaluate the model. Finally, the experimental results show that the proposed model can identify algorithms and classify program codes with a high percentage of accuracy. The average precision, recall, and F-measure scores of the best CNN model are 95.65%, 95.85%, and 95.70%, respectively, indicating that it outperforms other baseline models.
New Bregman proximal type algorithms for solving DC optimization problems﻿
Authors: Takahashi Shota , Fukuda Mituhiro , Tanaka Mirai 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDifference of Convex (DC) optimization problems have objective functions that are differences between two convex functions. Representative ways of solving these problems are the proximal DC algorithms, which require that the convex part of the objective function have L-smoothness. In this article, we propose the Bregman Proximal DC Algorithm (BPDCA) for solving large-scale DC optimization problems that do not possess L-smoothness. Instead, it requires that the convex part of the objective function has the L-smooth adaptable property that is exploited in Bregman proximal gradient algorithms. In addition, we propose an accelerated version, the Bregman Proximal DC Algorithm with extrapolation (BPDCAe), with a new restart scheme. We show the global convergence of the iterates generated by BPDCA(e) to a limiting critical point under the assumption of the Kurdyka-Łojasiewicz property or subanalyticity of the objective function and other weaker conditions than those of the existing methods. We applied our algorithms to phase retrieval, which can be described both as a nonconvex optimization problem and as a DC optimization problem. Numerical experiments showed that BPDCAe outperformed existing Bregman proximal-type algorithms because the DC formulation allows for larger admissible step sizes.
The COVID-19 pandemic, well-being, and transitions to post-secondary education
Authors: Sandner Malte , Patzina Alexander , Anger Silke , Bernhard Sarah , Dietrich Hans 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study examines the immediate and intermediate effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the well-being of two high school graduation cohorts (2020 and 2021) and how changes in well-being affect students’ educational plans and outcomes. Our unique panel data on 3697 students from 214 schools in 8 German federal states contain prospective survey information on three dimensions of well-being: mental health problems, self-rated health, and life satisfaction. Data is collected several months before (fall 2019), shortly before and soon after (spring 2020) as well as several months after (fall/winter 2020/21) the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. Applying difference-in-differences designs, random effect growth curve models, and linear regression models, we find that school closures had a positive immediate effect on students’ well-being. Over the course of the pandemic, however, well-being strongly declined, mainly among the 2021 graduation cohort. We show that a strong decline in mental health is associated with changes in educational and career plans and transition outcomes. As adverse life experiences in adolescence are likely to accumulate over the life course, this study is the first to exhibit potential long-lasting negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on education and careers of young individuals.
On the heuristic power of mathematical representations
Authors: Ippoliti Emiliano 
Published: September 2022

AbstractI argue that mathematical representations can have heuristic power since their construction can be ampliative. To this end, I examine how a representation (a) introduces elements and properties into the represented object that it does not contain at the beginning of its construction, and (b) how it guides the manipulations of the represented object in ways that restructure its components by gradually adding new pieces of information to produce a hypothesis in order to solve a problem.In addition, I defend an ‘inferential’ approach to the heuristic power of representations by arguing that these representations draw on ampliative inferences such as analogies and inductions. In effect, in order to construct a representation, we have to ‘assimilate’ diverse things, and this requires identifying similarities between them. These similarities form the basis for ampliative inferences that gradually build hypotheses to solve a problem.To support my thesis, I analyse two examples. The first one is intra-field (intra-mathematical), that is, the construction of an algebraic representation of 3-manifolds; the second is inter-fields, that is, the construction of a topological representation of DNA supercoiling.
Abattoir-based serological surveillance for transboundary and zoonotic diseases in cattle and swine in Cambodia: a pilot study in Phnom Penh province during 2019 and 2020
Authors: Siengsanan-Lamont Jarunee , Tum Sothyra , Kong Lida , Selleck Paul W. , Gleeson Laurence J. , Blacksell Stuart D. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA pilot animal disease surveillance program was implemented at four abattoirs in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, between October 2019 and January 2020. A total of 1141 samples were collected from 477 cattle and 664 swine. Serological testing was performed using commercial antibody ELISA kits for zoonotic and high-impact animal diseases, namely brucellosis, Q fever, classical swine fever (CSF), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) and African swine fever (ASF). Only two samples tested positive for Brucella antibodies (0.2%, 95% CI 0.4–0.6, n = 1141). The seroprevalence of Q fever was 0.8% (95% CI 0.3–2.1, n = 477) in the cattle samples, while CSF, PRRS and ASF in pigs were 55.4% (95% CI 51.6–59.2, n = 655), 81.2% (95% CI 78.1–84.0, n = 655) and 2.6% (95% CI 1.6–4.1, n = 664), respectively. All 38 doubtful and 17 positive ASF antibody ELISA samples were negative when tested by real-time PCR. Univariate analyses demonstrated that the factor significantly associated with positive results of ASF was the abattoir location (p-value = 0.002). Based on logistic regression models, significant risk factors for CSF were province of origin (p-value = 1.7 × 10−6), abattoir (p-value = 3.6 × 10−11) and PRRS positivity (p-value = 0.004), and for PRRS were province of origin (p-value = 0.0004) and CSF positivity (p-value = 0.001). In conclusion, the seroprevalences of zoonotic diseases in this study were very low. The high prevalence of CSF and PRRS antibodies were most likely the result of vaccination. All ASF seropositive pigs, including those that gave equivocal results, originated from large-scale Cambodian-based commercial farms, as well as Thailand, which raises questions about possible illegal vaccination or low-pathogenicity ASF variants. The pilot abattoir serological surveillance program described here has the potential to provide a sentinel for incursions of novel and endemic pathogens, although further work is required to demonstrate its capacity to provide information on the longitudinal disease trends.
Voting Behaviour and Health Among the Oldest-old in Germany: Results from a Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Wenner Judith , Wagner Michael 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground If voter turnout reflects social or health inequalities, then these inequalities can reduce equal political representation. Research suggests that poor health impedes voting and contributes to low turnout, especially among the oldest-old (80 years and older). Therefore, we examine the determinants of voting behaviour in more detail, with a special focus on the role of health status among the oldest-old. Methods The analysis was based on a population-based sample of older adults living in Germany’s largest federal state, North Rhine-Westphalia (n = 1826). The outcome was participation in the last federal election. As determinants, we included subjective, functional, mental, and cognitive health; mobility; institutional living; education; social embeddedness; party attachment; habituation; and conformist attitudes. We used logistic regression models to calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Results The overall turnout rate was 84.6% (95%-CI:82.9–86.3), which shows that most of the oldest-old participate in elections. Results from logistic regressions revealed that lower formal education and limitations in functional, cognitive, and mental health were associated with lower odds of voting; while habituation, party attachment, and partnership were associated with higher odds of voting. Conclusion Most of the oldest-old in Germany participate in elections. Still, our results hint at the existence of important inequalities in turnout rates. Given that older adults constitute an increasing share of the electorate, and that those who are less likely to vote are often among those most directly affected by political decisions, all individuals who are willing and able to participate in elections should be given the necessary support to actually do so.