bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Digital Twin of Compressor Blisk Manufacturing Geometrical Variability for the Aeroelastic Uncertainty Quantification of the Aerodynamic Damping
Authors: Gambitta Marco , Beirow Bernd , Schrape Sven 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This study is centered on the aeroelastic problem for axial compressors blisk airfoils in presence of geometrical variability. The combined problem of structural dynamics and unsteady aerodynamics is of interest for these machines due to the stress induced by blade vibration. The geometrical variability resulting from the manufacturing process of blisk airfoils and its impact on the aeroelastic problem is investigated, focusing on the aerodynamic damping.
The manufacturing geometrical variability is analyzed in a probabilistic manner. A digital twin of the variability is created starting from a dataset of optical surface scans. The measured geometries are parameterized to describe the differences from the nominal geometry. An Autoencoder represents these deviations within a required accuracy, while using a minimal set of variables. The data reduction provided by the Autoencoder technique proved to be very efficient, especially if compared to linear methods as the principal components analysis, allowing to investigate multi-passage deviations from the nominal geometry.
The aerodynamic damping is computed by an unsteady CFD solver, using the aerodynamic influence coefficients method. The manufacturing geometrical variability model is used to represent the real blisk airfoil geometries investigated. The uncertainty quantification evaluates the impact of the deviations from the nominal cyclic symmetrical design on the aerodynamic damping curve. The results can be combined in an aeroelastic reduced order model with the mistuning of the mechanical properties to represent the mistuned blisk vibrations.
Vibration Failure Analysis of Multi-Disk High-Speed Rotor Based on Rotary Inertia Load Model
Authors: Hong Jie , Yan Qi , Sun Bo , Ma YanHong 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The fan rotor of an advanced low-bypass turbofan engine is usually composed of multistage blisk, a typical multi-disk highspeed rotor working in the postcritical range. A fan rotor test rig had been well balanced, but the phenomenon of excessive vibration occurred several times. This phenomenon showed that the traditional balance theory based on mass eccentricity control has limitations for multi-disk high-speed rotors. Therefore, an analysis model was established in this paper that described the rotor’s mass distribution and the rotary inertia load by two kinds of parameters: the eccentricity and the skew angle of the principal axis of inertia. Then the dynamic response properties of the rotor were simulated and analyzed. The model and simulation results showed that if the principal axis of inertia of the rotor skewed, the amplitude of bearing dynamic load continues to increase with speed, which agrees with the experimental data. Therefore, for the multi-disk rotor, it is necessary to control its eccentricity and the skew angle of the principal axis of inertia at the same time to effectively reduce its dynamic response at high speed.
Heavy Mo isotope composition of northern Bataan adakites, Philippines: Evidence for fore-arc subduction erosion?
Authors: Liu Hai-Quan , Li Jie , Xu Yi-Gang , Yumul Graciano P. , Knittel Ulrich , Dimalanta Carla B. , Payot Betchaida D. , Queaño Karlo , Huang Xiao-Long , Zhang Le 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The identification of an eroded fore-arc crust component in arc magmas is challenging due to the combined effects of mantle metasomatism and crustal assimilation–fractional crystallization. In this study, molybdenum (Mo) isotope compositions are used in conjunction with Sr-Nd-Hf isotopic and elemental data to identify eroded fore-arc crust components in adakites from the Cuyapo and Balungao volcanoes of the northern Bataan segment of the Luzon arc (Philippines). The Mo isotopic ratios (δ98/95Mo, relative to the NIST SRM 3134 standard) of these adakites increase with increasing εNd (+4.3 to +5.6) and Ba/Nb (206–286). The low δ98/95Mo (−0.36‰ to −0.26‰) in the Cuyapo adakites coupled with low Sr-Nd-Hf isotopic ratios suggests contributions from the residual slab, which lost isotopically heavy Mo during dehydration. Interestingly, the high δ98/95Mo (−0.18‰ to 0.00‰) Balungao adakites have Mo-Sr-Nd-Hf isotopic ratios similar to those of the Luzon basement. Fractionated Nb/Ta (16–18) and high Sr/Y indicate the coexistence of melt with residual rutile and garnet ± amphibole assemblages, corresponding to a source region (&gt;~45 km) below the present Luzon crust (~33 km). This thus suggests an origin of heavy Mo from partial melting of eroded crust in the mantle wedge rather than in the upper-plate crust. Our work not only demonstrates that Mo isotopes may be a potential tracer of eroded crust but also highlights that lavas with combined high δ98/95Mo, εNd, and Ba/Nb emplaced at subduction zones with juvenile arc crust may be a result of subduction erosion.
Characterising collateral vessels in eyes with branch retinal vein occlusions using widefield swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography
Authors: Rudnick Noam D , Vingopoulos Filippos , Wang Jay C , Garg Itika , Cui Ying , Zhu Ying , Le Rongrong , Katz Raviv , Lu Yifan , Patel Nimesh A , Miller John B 
Published: November 2022

Background/aims
To characterise the morphology, location and functional significance of both macular and extramacular collateral vessels (CVs) in patients with a history of branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) using widefield swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (WF SS OCTA).

Methods
Patients with a history of BRVO underwent WF SS OCTA testing to acquire 12×12 mm images, which were evaluated for CVs and non-perfusion area (NPA). Region of interest analysis of individual CVs was performed to identify correlations between CV size, depth and retinal location. Mixed effects multivariate regression analyses of factors associated with NPA and visual acuity (VA) were performed.

Results
Fifty-five CVs were identified in 28 BRVO eyes from 27 patients. CVs were identified in 42.9% (12/28) of eyes with a history of BRVO, and of these, 45.5% (25/55) were extramacular. The majority of CVs (87.3%, 48/55) coursed through both the superficial and the deep capillary plexus (DCP), while a subset (12.7%, 7/55) were strictly superficial. No CVs were found to course strictly through the DCP alone. CV depth increased with distance from the optic disc (p=0.011) and CV size increased with distance from the fovea (p=0.005). There were no statistically significant associations between CVs and NPA, or between CVs and VA.

Conclusions
WF SS OCTA revealed that a large fraction of CVs that form after BRVO are extramacular, and the morphology of CVs varies as a function of retinal location. Depth-resolved study of CVs may offer valuable insights on the pathophysiological mechanisms leading to the development of macular oedema.
Cross-sectional observational study protocol: missing microbes in infants born by caesarean section (MiMIC): antenatal antibiotics and mode of delivery
Authors: Warda Alicja K , Dempsey Eugene M , Forssten Sofia D , Ryan C Anthony , Cryan John F , Patterson Elaine , O'Riordan Mairead N , O’Shea Carol-Anne , Keohane Finola , Meehan Grainne , O’Connor Orlagh , Ross R Paul , Stanton Catherine 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionThe intestinal microbiome in early life plays a major role in infant health and development. Factors like antibiotic exposure, breast/formula feeding and mode of delivery are known to affect the microbiome. The increasing occurrence of caesarean section (C-section) deliveries and antibiotic exposure warrants further insight into the potential missing microbes in those infants. The study objective is to study the effect of maternal antibiotic administration during pregnancy and/or C-section mode of delivery on the development of the infant’s intestinal microbiome until the age of 2 years.Methods and analysisA single site, cross-sectional observational study of C-section and vaginally delivered infants being either exposed to maternal antibiotic treatment or not during the third trimester of pregnancy. Throughout the nine visits, stool, urine, saliva, hair, breast milk and vaginal swabs will be collected from either mother and/or infant for microbiome and metabolomic analysis.Ethics and disseminationThe protocol was approved by the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of the Cork Teaching Hospitals. The trial has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov.The findings from this study will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals, during scientific conferences, and directly to the study participants. Sequencing data will be deposited in public databases.Trial registration numberNCT04134819.
Emergency department visits and emergency-to-inpatient admissions for abnormal uterine bleeding in the USA nationwide
Authors: Grubman Jessica , Hawkins Mitzi , Whetstone Sara , Autry Meg , Lazar Ann , Sawaya George F , Jacoby Vanessa 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundAbnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is a common but understudied gynaecological problem, and data are lacking on emergency department (ED) visits and associated ED-to-inpatient admissions for AUB. This project aims to further understanding of the burden of AUB on patients and the healthcare system by establishing the number and characteristics of women with AUB in the ED and evaluating predictors of AUB-related inpatient hospitalisation in the USA.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study of women presenting to the ED with non-malignant AUB in the 2016 US Nationwide Emergency Department Sample (NEDS). Clinical, demographic and hospital system factors were evaluated. χ2and Mann-Whitney tests were used to compare the proportion of visits with each characteristic, resulting in inpatient admission versus discharge from the ED. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to analyse predictors of AUB in the ED and of AUB-related hospitalisations.ResultsThere were 1.03 million AUB-related visits in the 2016 NEDS, of which 11.2% resulted in inpatient admission. Clinical as well as demographic and hospital system factors influenced ED disposition. Women with AUB tended to be of reproductive age, be underinsured, live in lower income and urban areas, and present to urban and public hospitals. However, older age, higher income, better insurance, presentation to private hospitals and rural residence predicted inpatient admission.ConclusionsOur study highlights the ED as an essential place of care for women with AUB while also demonstrating the importance of access to outpatient gynaecology services as some AUB-related ED visits may be preventable with outpatient care. The significant demographic and hospital system differences, as well as expected clinical differences, between women with AUB admitted to inpatient and women discharged from the ED imply structural biases impacting AUB-related ED care and add to the deepening understanding of health disparities.
KITgenetic alterations in breast cancer
Authors: Vahdatinia Mahsa , Derakhshan Fatemeh , Da Cruz Paula Arnaud , Dopeso Higinio , Marra Antonio , Gazzo Andrea M , Brown David , Selenica Pier , Ross Dara S , Razavi Pedram , Zhang Hong , Weigelt Britta , Wen Hannah Y , Brogi Edi , Reis-Filho Jorge S , Pareja Fresia 
Published: November 2022

AimsActivating somatic mutations or gene amplification ofKITresult in constitutive activation of its receptor tyrosine kinase, which is targetable in various solid tumours. Here, we sought to investigate the presence ofKITgenetic alterations in breast cancer (BC) and characterise the histological and genomic features of these tumours.MethodsA retrospective analysis of 5,575 BCs previously subjected to targeted sequencing using the FDA-authorised Memorial Sloan Kettering-Integrated Mutation Profiling of Actionable Targets (MSK-IMPACT) assay was performed to identify BCs withKITalterations. A histological assessment ofKIT-altered BCs was conducted, and their repertoire of genetic alterations was compared with that of BCs lackingKITgenetic alterations, matched for age, histological type, oestrogen receptor/HER2 status and sample type.ResultsWe identified 18 BCs (0.32%), including 9 primary and 9 metastatic BCs, with oncogenic/likely oncogenic genetic alterations affectingKIT, including activating somatic mutations (n=4) or gene amplification (n=14). AllKIT-altered BCs were of high histological grade, although no distinctive histological features were observed. When compared with BCs lackingKITgenetic alterations, no distinctive genetic features were identified. In two metastaticKIT-altered BCs in which the matched primary BC had also been analysed by MSK-IMPACT, theKITmutations were found to be restricted to the metastatic samples, suggesting that they were late events in the evolution of these cancers.ConclusionsKITgenetic alterations are vanishingly rare in BC.KIT-altered BCs are of high grade but lack distinctive histological features. Genetic alterations inKITmight be late events in the evolution and/or progression of BC.
Association of obesity with disease outcome in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Lutfullin Isabel , Eveslage Maria , Bittner Stefan , Antony Gisela , Flaskamp Martina , Luessi Felix , Salmen Anke , Gisevius Barbara , Klotz Luisa , Korsukewitz Catharina , Berthele Achim , Groppa Sergiu , Then Bergh Florian , Wildemann Brigitte , Bayas Antonios , Tumani Hayrettin , Meuth Sven G , Trebst Corinna , Zettl Uwe K , Paul Friedemann , Heesen Christoph , Kuempfel Tania , Gold Ralf , Hemmer Bernhard , Zipp Frauke , Wiendl Heinz , Lünemann Jan D 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundObesity reportedly increases the risk for developing multiple sclerosis (MS), but little is known about its association with disability accumulation.MethodsThis nationwide longitudinal cohort study included 1066 individuals with newly diagnosed MS from the German National MS cohort. Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores, relapse rates, MRI findings and choice of immunotherapy were compared at baseline and at years 2, 4 and 6 between obese (body mass index, BMI ≥30 kg/m2) and non-obese (BMI <30 kg/m2) patients and correlated with individual BMI values.ResultsPresence of obesity at disease onset was associated with higher disability at baseline and at 2, 4 and 6 years of follow-up (p<0.001). Median time to reach EDSS 3 was 0.99 years for patients with BMI ≥30 kg/m2 and 1.46 years for non-obese patients. Risk to reach EDSS 3 over 6 years was significantly increased in patients with BMI ≥30 kg/m2compared with patients with BMI <30 kg/m2after adjustment for sex, age, smoking (HR 1.87; 95% CI 1.3 to 2.6; log-rank test p<0.001) and independent of disease-modifying therapies. Obesity was not significantly associated with higher relapse rates, increased number of contrast-enhancing MRI lesions or higher MRI T2 lesion burden over 6 years of follow-up.ConclusionsObesity in newly diagnosed patients with MS is associated with higher disease severity and poorer outcome. Obesity management could improve clinical outcome of MS.
Biomarkers to predict risk of venous thromboembolism in patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving tofacitinib or tumour necrosis factor inhibitors
Authors: Weitz Jeffrey I , Szekanecz Zoltán , Charles-Schoeman Christina , Vranic Ivana , Sahin Burak , Paciga Sara A , Wang Zhenyu , Hyde Craig , Martin David A 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveIn the ORAL (Oral Rheumatoid Arthritis triaL) Surveillance study of patients with rheumatoid arthritis aged ≥50 years with ≥1 additional cardiovascular risk factor, incidence of pulmonary embolism was higher with tofacitinib 10 mg two times per day than with tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi). This exploratory post hoc analysis examined whether biomarkers explained the associations of tofacitinib versus TNFi with venous thromboembolism (VTE).MethodsORAL Surveillance was a prospective, open-label, event-driven, non-inferiority, postauthorisation safety study. Patients were randomised 1:1:1 to receive tofacitinib 5 mg or 10 mg two times per day or a TNFi. For this analysis, 294 soluble, proteomic, genetic and antibody biomarkers (of which 79 had a known role in inflammation, coagulation, vascular biology or Janus kinase signalling) were quantified in serum collected at baseline, month 12 and study end.ResultsOverall, 4362 patients were randomised and treated. The exploratory biomarker data set included 285 patients (57 VTE cases; 228 matched controls). D-dimer was quantified in 3732 patients (54 VTE cases; 3678 controls). No biomarker demonstrated a clear mechanistic association with the increased risk of VTE for tofacitinib versus TNFi. Month 12 D-dimer levels were positively associated with risk of a subsequent VTE within the tofacitinib 5 mg and 10 mg two times per day arms.ConclusionsOverall, this post hoc analysis did not identify biomarkers that explained the increased VTE risk for tofacitinib versus TNFi. Individual VTE risk should be considered when making decisions about initiation or maintenance of tofacitinib treatment.Trial registration numberNCT02092467; ClinicalTrials.gov.
Sex Disparity in Patients with Gastric Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Luan Xiaoyi , Niu Penghui , Wang Wanqing , Zhao Lulu , Zhang Xiaojie , Zhao Dongbing , Chen Yingtai 
Published: November 2022

Objective. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to ascertain whether sex-based differences influence clinicopathological characteristics and survival outcomes of gastric cancer patients. Background. Gastric cancer in females has received less attention than in males. Clinicopathological features and survival outcomes of females with gastric cancer have been reported in several studies with controversial results. Methods. We systematically reviewed clinical studies from PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science published up to June 2022. The effect sizes of the included studies were estimated using odds ratios (ORs). Heterogeneity was investigated using the χ2 and I2 tests, while sensitivity analyses were performed to identify the source of substantial heterogeneity. All data used in this study were obtained from previously published studies obviating the need for ethical approval and patient consent. Results. Seventy-six studies with 775,003 gastric cancer patients were included in the meta-analysis. Gastric cancer patients were less likely to be females (

P

< 0.00001). Female patients were younger in age (

P

< 0.00001) and showed a higher percentage of distal (

P

< 0.00001), non-cardia (

P

< 0.00001), undifferentiated (

P

< 0.00001), diffuse (

P

< 0.00001), and signet-ring cell carcinoma (

P

< 0.00001). Female patients showed better prognosis in both 3-year (

P

= 0.0003) and 5-year overall survival (OS) (

P

< 0.00001), especially White patients. However, females were associated with lower 5-year OS relative to males in the younger patients (

P

= 0.0001). Conclusions. In conclusion, gender differences were observed in clinicopathological characteristics and survival outcomes of gastric cancer. Different management of therapy will become necessary for different genders.
Accidentals of the DNA Symphony
Authors: Wu Anjui , Attard Gerhardt 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Cancer epigenome profiling such as DNA methylation (5mC) and DNA hydroxymethylation (5hmC) is emerging as a sensitive approach for cancer detection and risk stratification. 5mC modification has been widely described in many cancer types including prostate cancer; however, the 5hmC landscape is yet to be explored. In this issue of Cancer Research, Sjöström and colleagues have comprehensively incorporated genomic, transcriptomic, and epigenomic, including 5hmC, data to interrogate the molecular evolution of prostate cancer.
See related article by Sjöström et al., p. 3888
Phase I Study of Niraparib in Combination with Radium-223 for the Treatment of Metastatic Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Quinn Zachary , Leiby Benjamin , Sonpavde Guru , Choudhury Atish D. , Sweeney Christopher , Einstein David , Szmulewitz Russell , Sartor Oliver , Knudsen Karen , Yang Eddy Shih-Hsin , Kelly Wm. Kevin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Purpose:
To identify the safety of niraparib, a PARP inhibitor, in combination with Radium-223 for the treatment of metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) in men without known BRCA mutations.

Patients and Methods:
Men with progressive mCPRC following ≥1 line of androgen receptor (AR)-targeted therapy and bone metastases but no documented BRCA-1 or BRCA-2 alterations or bulky visceral disease were included. Niraparib dose was escalated in combination with standard dosing of Radium-223 using a time-to-event continual reassessment method. The highest dose level with a DLT probability &lt;20% was defined as MTD. Secondary endpoints included PSA change and progression-free survival. Exploratory analyses included assessing DNA mutations found in ctDNA as well as gene expression changes assessed in whole blood samples.

Results:
Thirty patients were treated with niraparib and radium-223: 13 patients received 100 mg, 12 received 200 mg, and 5 patients received 300 mg of niraparib. There were six DLT events: two (13%) for neutropenia, two (13%) for thrombocytopenia, whereas fatigue and nausea each occurred once (3%). Anemia (2/13%) and neutropenia (2/13%) were the most common grade 3 adverse events. For patients with prior chemotherapy exposure, the MTD was 100 mg, whereas the MTD for chemotherapy naïve patients was 200 mg. Whole blood gene expression of PAX5 and CD19 was higher in responders and ARG-1, IL2R, and FLT3 expression was higher in nonresponders.

Conclusions:
Combining niraparib with Radium-223 in patients with mCRPC was safe; however, further studies incorporating biomarkers will better elucidate the role of combinations of PARP inhibitors with DNA damaging and other agents.
The RPL/RPS Gene Signature of Melanoma CTCs Associates with Brain Metastasis
Authors: Bowley Tetiana Y. , Lagutina Irina V. , Francis Carol , Sivakumar Sinduja , Selwyn Reed G. , Taylor Erik , Guo Yan , Fahy Bridget N. , Tawfik Bernard , Marchetti Dario 
Published: November 2022

Melanoma brain metastasis (MBM) is linked to poor prognosis and low overall survival. We hypothesized that melanoma circulating tumor cells (CTC) possess a gene signature significantly expressed and associated with MBM. Employing a multipronged approach, we provide first-time evidence identifying a common CTC gene signature for ribosomal protein large/small subunits (RPL/RPS) which associate with MBM onset and progression. Experimental strategies involved capturing, transcriptional profiling, and interrogating CTCs, either directly isolated from blood of patients with melanoma at distinct stages of MBM progression or from CTC-driven MBM in experimental animals. Second, we developed the first MRI CTC-derived MBM xenograft model (MRI-MBM CDX) to discriminate MBM spatial and temporal growth, recreating MBM clinical presentation and progression. Third, we performed the comprehensive transcriptional profiling of MRI-MBM CDXs, along with longitudinal monitoring of CTCs from CDXs possessing and/or not possessing MBM. Our findings suggest that enhanced ribosomal protein content/ribogenesis may contribute to MBM onset. Because ribosome modifications drive tumor progression and metastatic development by remodeling CTC translational events, overexpression of the CTC RPL/RPS gene signature could be implicated in MBM development. Collectively, this study provides important insights for relevance of the CTC RPL/RPS gene signature in MBM, and identify potential targets for therapeutic intervention to improve patient care for patients with melanoma diagnosed with or at high risk of developing MBM.Significance:This study reports first evidence of RPL/RPS gene signature driving melanoma brain metastasis. Complex multilevel approach was performed to identify MBM signature and confirm its relevance to clinical settings. Novel MRI CTC-derived MBM mouse xenograft was established to monitor MBM spatial and temporal development and progression.