bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recurrence in Plasmodium vivax malaria: a prospective cohort study with long follow-up from a coastal region in South-West India
Authors: Gandrala Divya , Gupta Nitin , Lavu Alekhya , Nallapati Vishnu Teja , Guddattu Vasudeva , Saravu Kavitha 
Published: April 2022

Background: India is endemic for Plasmodium vivax (Pv) malaria. Despite a decrease in incidence, its elimination is hampered by recurrences. This study aimed to characterize recurrences in Pv malaria and study its association with primaquine (PQ) usage. Methods: Symptomatic adult Pv patients were followed-up for up to 23 months for recurrences. The time to recurrence was compared by the PQ dosage they received using a log-rank test. Results: Of the 294 malaria patients, 206 (70%) patients had Pv infection during the study period. A total of 20 (9.7%) recurrences were seen in 17 (8.2%) patients of Pv. The percentage of first-time recurrences were highest in the no PQ group (25%), followed by the weekly PQ group (20%), low dose daily PQ (8.2%) group, and high dose daily PQ group (3.1%). Conclusions: Recurrence in Pv malaria is common, especially in those who receive an incorrect prescription of primaquine.
Prehabilitation-plus for patients undergoing major lower limb amputation may reduce acute hospital and total hospital length of stay: a retrospective, matched, case-controlled pilot service evaluation
Authors: Fulton Shelley , Baird Tyson , Naik Siang , Stiller Kathy 
Published: April 2022

Background/Aims ‘Prehabilitation’ refers to interventions that seek to enhance a person's functional capacity to help withstand a forthcoming stressor, such as major surgery. There is little research evaluating prehabilitation before major lower limb amputation. This study evaluated if a comprehensive multidisciplinary pre-admission programme, which included prehabilitation plus other interventions (eg education, home assessment and modifications), hereinafter called ‘prehabilitation-plus’, might shorten hospital length of stay by allowing earlier discharge home from hospital after major lower limb amputation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of prehabilitation-plus on hospital length of stay and discharge destination for patients undergoing major lower limb amputation. Methods Seven patients receiving prehabilitation-plus were retrospectively matched with seven control patients in this case-controlled pilot service evaluation. Prehabilitation-plus was provided by a multidisciplinary team. Hospital length of stay was compared using Mann–Whitney U tests and discharge destination using Fisher's exact test. Results Acute hospital and total hospital length of stay were significantly lower in the prehabilitation-plus group than the control group (P=0.038 and 0.011 respectively). No significant difference was seen for rehabilitation hospital length of stay (P=0.400). More prehabilitation-plus patients were discharged directly home after their acute hospital stay, but this was not significant (P=0.286). Conclusions Patients who received prehabilitation-plus had reduced acute hospital and total hospital length of stay compared to matched control patients. While these preliminary results are promising for the ability of programmes such as prehabilitation-plus to reduce hospital length of stay, further studies with more robust designs are required to confirm and extend this finding.
Quality of life impacts and wider benefits following upper limb surgery for spasticity management
Authors: Duke Lynsay , Salam Sohail , Stevenson Susan 
Published: April 2022

Background/Aims A new, collaborative, multidisciplinary clinic for the management of people with upper limb spasticity and contracture was established between two healthcare trusts. The aim of this study was to determine the perceived benefits to patients of this new clinic and of upper limb surgery, where performed. Methods A service evaluation of a collaborative upper limb surgical assessment clinic for patients with complex problems of their upper limbs as a result of spasticity was undertaken. Questionnaires were distributed to 21 patients who attended the clinic in its first year (December 2017–2018), with follow-up focus groups. A rough cost–benefit review was undertaken. Results Patients highlighted benefits in both passive and active care tasks. They chose outcome measures that they felt were most useful to measure these benefits and coproduced multimedia information resources. The cost–benefit review indicated that a break-even point could be reached in as little as 1 year. Conclusions The team has gained a broad perspective of potential impacts on the patient and their carers, as well as future service development and research options.
Electrophysiological characteristics of non-pulmonary vein triggers excluding origins from the superior vena cava and left atrial posterior wall: Lessons from the self-reference mapping technique
Authors: Matsunaga-Lee Yasuharu , Egami Yasuyuki , Matsumoto Sen , Masunaga Nobutaka , Ukita Kohei , Kawamura Akito , Nakamura Hitoshi , Matsuhiro Yutaka , Yasumoto Koji , Tsuda Masaki , Okamoto Naotaka , Yano Masamichi , Takano Yuzuru , Sakata Yasushi , Nishino Masami , Tanouchi Jun 
Published: April 2022

Background
The detailed electrophysiological characteristics of atrial fibrillation (AF) initiating non-pulmonary vein (PV) triggers excluding origins from the superior vena cava (SVC) and left atrial posterior wall (LAPW) (Non-PV-SVC-LAPW triggers) remain unclear. This study aimed to clarify the detailed electrophysiological characteristics of non-PV-SVC-LAPW triggers.

Methods
Among 446 AF ablation procedures at 2 institutions, patients with reproducible AF initiating non-PV-SVC-LAPW triggers were retrospectively enrolled. The trigger origin was mapped using the self-reference mapping technique. The following electrophysiological parameters were evaluated: the voltage during sinus rhythm and at the onset of AF at the earliest activation site, coupling interval of the trigger between the prior sinus rhythm and AF trigger, and voltage change ratio defined as the trigger voltage at the onset of AF divided by the sinus voltage.

Results
Detailed electrophysiological data were obtained at 28 triggers in 21 patients. The median trigger voltage at the onset of AF was 0.16mV and median trigger coupling interval 182msec. Normal sinus voltages (≧0.5mV) were observed at 16 triggers and low voltages (<0.5mV) at 12 triggers. The voltage change ratio was significantly lower for the normal sinus voltage than low sinus voltage (0.20 vs. 0.60, p = 0.002). The trigger coupling intervals were comparable between the normal sinus voltage and low sinus voltage (170ms vs. 185ms, p = 0.353).

Conclusions
The trigger voltage at the onset of AF was low, regardless of whether the sinus voltage of the trigger was preserved or low.
Effect of parasocial relationship on tourist’s destination attitude and visit intention
Authors: Zheng Xiang , Luo Jian Ming , Shang Ziye 
Published: April 2022

Background
Along with the rapid development of the Internet, the form of destination marketing is becoming increasingly innovative and diverse. Celebrity endorsement via social media, as an effective marketing strategy, has been widely used by various tourism companies to attract and engage with their customers. Previous studies have investigated the various aspects of such endorsement (e.g. the effect of endorser’s attributes) in different contexts (e.g. Hotel, Restaurant, Airline). However, little research has focused on the influence of the tourists’ parasocial relationship with endorsers on destination marketing. Accordingly, the current study aims to explore the role of parasocial relationships on tourists’ destination attitude and visit intention.

Method
This study adopted quantitative method and conducted Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) for data analysis. 498 valid questionnaires were collected from Weibo (One of China’s most popuar social media platforms).

Results
Results suggested that endorser’s credibility positively influenced follower’s parasocial relationship (p<0.001), which in turn positively influenced destination attitude and visit intention (p<0.001). Additionally, the parasocial relationship significantly mediated the relationship between credibility and destination attitude as well as visit intention (p<0.001).

Conclusion
The emerging trend of celerbity endorsement via live-streaming makes tourism destination marketing more diverse and even effective. Through exploring the underlying mechanism of celebrity endorsement, this study can provide destination marketers with insights about how to build and strengthen the tourist’s attitude and visit intention towards destiantion by developing their parasocial relationships with endorsers. This study also adds to the literature of using Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) in tourism and hospiatlity research.
Assessing COVID-19 risk with temporal indices and geographically weighted ordinal logistic regression in US counties
Authors: Chen Vivian Yi-Ju , Park Kiwoong , Sun Feinuo , Yang Tse-Chuan 
Published: April 2022

Purpose
Research on the novel coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) mainly relies on cross-sectional data, but this approach fails to consider the temporal dimension of the pandemic. This study assesses three temporal dimensions of the COVID-19 infection risk in US counties, namely probability of occurrence, duration of the pandemic, and intensity of transmission, and investigate local patterns of the factors associated with these risks.

Methods
Analyzing daily data between January 22 and September 11, 2020, we categorize the contiguous US counties into four risk groups—High-Risk, Moderate-Risk, Mild-Risk, and Low-Risk—and then apply both conventional (i.e., non-spatial) and geographically weighted (i.e., spatial) ordinal logistic regression model to understand the county-level factors raising the COVID-19 infection risk. The comparisons of various model fit diagnostics indicate that the spatial models better capture the associations between COVID-19 risk and other factors.

Results
The key findings include (1) High- and Moderate-Risk counties are clustered in the Black Belt, the coastal areas, and Great Lakes regions. (2) Fragile labor markets (e.g., high percentages of unemployed and essential workers) and high housing inequality are associated with higher risks. (3) The Monte Carlo tests suggest that the associations between covariates and COVID-19 risk are spatially non-stationary. For example, counties in the northeastern region and Mississippi Valley experience a stronger impact of essential workers on COVID-19 risk than those in other regions, whereas the association between income ratio and COVID-19 risk is stronger in Texas and Louisiana.

Conclusions
The COVID-19 infection risk levels differ greatly across the US and their associations with structural inequality and sociodemographic composition are spatially non-stationary, suggesting that the same stimulus may not lead to the same change in COVID-19 risk. Potential interventions to lower COVID-19 risk should adopt a place-based perspective.
Pola Pertumbuhan Tanaman Sorgum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) Dengan Perlakuan Monosodium Glutamat
Authors: Setiyaningrom Indah Tri Intan , Damanti Sri , Saptiningsih Endang 
Published: April 2022

Sorgum merupakan bahan pangan alternatif yang berpotensi besar dikembangkan di Indonesia. Monosodium glutamat merupakan bahan penguat rasa dengan komposisi berupa natrium dan glutamat, yang bermanfaat pada proses pertumbuhan tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dosis efektif monosodium glutamat terhadap pola pertumbuhan tanaman sorgum. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) faktor tunggal berupa dosis MSG dengan 4 taraf perlakuan, yaitu 0 g/tanaman, 3 g/tanaman, 6 g/tanaman dan 9 g/tanaman. Perlakuan diberikan dengan cara menaburkan MSG di sekitar daerah perakaran sorgum setiap satu minggu sekali. Parameter yang diukur adalah jumlah daun, luas daun dan tinggi tanaman yang didata setiap minggu sekali, dari minggu kedua sampai minggu kedelapan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tanaman sorgum dengan perlakuan MSG berpengaruh meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan mengubah pola pertumbuhan sorgum. Dosis 3 g/tanaman menunjukkan peningkatan pola pertumbuhan lebih cepat. Sorghum is an alternative crop with great potential to develop in Indonesia. Monosodium glutamate is a flavor enhancer with a composition of sodium and glutamate, which is beneficial for plant growth processes. This research aims to examine the effective dose of monosodium glutamate on the growth pattern of sorghum plants. This research used a single factor Completely Randomized Design (CRD) in the form of MSG dose with 4 treatment levels, namely 0 g/plant, 3 g/plant, 6 g/plant, and 9 g/plant. The treatment was given by sprinkling MSG around the sorghum root area once a week. The parameters measured were the number of leaves, leaf area, and plant height, which were recorded once a week, from the second week to the eighth week. The results showed that sorghum with MSG treatment affected increasing growth and changed the growth pattern of sorghum. The dose of 3 g/plant showed an increased growth pattern.
The Effect of Bacillus subtilis on Bioethanol Production from Ambon Banana (Musa paradisiaca var. sapientum Linn) Peels by Using Fermentation Process
Authors: Bilyartinus Gaudentius , Siswanto Anggun Puspitarini 
Published: April 2022

Abstract -The breakthrough to optimize Indonesia's energy is by utilizing abundant renewable energy sources. Its geographic location has the potential to become a country with the largest renewable energy source in the world. The potential energy that comes from vegetables is called bioethanol. Bioethanol is an organic fuel produced by bioethanol fermentation. It can be an alternative material for making sanitary products amid the increasing spread ofCOVID-19 in Indonesia.So the authors try to innovate how to use Ambon Banana (Musa paradisiaca var. sapientum Linn) peels to become bioethanol. This research aimed to investigate the effect of Bacillus subtilis in the fermentation of bioethanol production from Ambon banana peels. The methods used were pretreatment, hydrolysis, fermentation, and distillation. Bacillus subtilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae ratio (10: 5 and 5: 5) use for obtaining high ethanol yields, as well as variations in pH 2 and 6 in the fermentation starter. The variable were designed by using Factorial Design. The result shows the yeast ratio of B. subtilis and S. cerevisiae (10: 5) resulted the highest concentration of bioethanol (6%) in 6 days. In acidic conditions (pH 2), the bacteria don’t grow optimally. The higher concentration of bioethanol (6%) was reached in pH 6.The research supports the Government Program Reducing the dependency of fossil fuels and innovation to produce sanitary product from bioethanol.Abstract -The breakthrough to optimize Indonesia's energy is by utilizing abundant renewable energy sources. Its geographic location has the potential to become a country with the largest renewable energy source in the world. The potential energy that comes from vegetables is called bioethanol. Bioethanol is an organic fuel produced by bioethanol fermentation. It can be an alternative material for making sanitary products amid the increasing spread ofCOVID-19 in Indonesia.So the authors try to innovate how to use Ambon Banana (Musa paradisiaca var. sapientum Linn) peels to become bioethanol. This research aimed to investigate the effect of Bacillus subtilis in the fermentation of bioethanol production from Ambon banana peels. The methods used were pretreatment, hydrolysis, fermentation, and distillation. Bacillus subtilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae ratio (10: 5 and 5: 5) use for obtaining high ethanol yields, as well as variations in pH 2 and 6 in the fermentation starter. The variable were designed by using Factorial Design. The result shows the yeast ratio of B. subtilis and S. cerevisiae (10: 5) resulted the highest concentration of bioethanol (6%) in 6 days. In acidic conditions (pH 2), the bacteria don’t grow optimally. The higher concentration of bioethanol (6%) was reached in pH 6.The research supports the Government Program Reducing the dependency of fossil fuels and innovation to produce sanitary product from bioethanol.
Das LibraryLab in der Zentralbibliothek der Stadtbüchereien Düsseldorf – vom Prototyp zum etablierten Angebot
Authors: Lins Maike 
Published: April 2022

Zusammenfassung
In der Zentralbibliothek der Stadtbüchereien Düsseldorf entstand im Oktober 2017 das LibraryLab. Der Bereich hat als offene Experimentierplattform und Ort zum Kreativwerden und Ausprobieren für Besucher*innen und Team begonnen und 2021 in der am neuen Standort und mit neuem Konzept eröffneten Zentralbibliothek im KAP1 einen Neustart erfahren. Durch die Erfahrungen der letzten Jahre ist es vom Prototyp zum fest im Gesamtkonzept der Zentralbibliothek verankerten Angebot gereift, gleichzeitig aber stets bereit geblieben, sich weiter zu entwickeln und mit den Bedürfnissen der Besucher*innen zu wachsen. Im Format „Coworking LibraryLab“ lädt es Fachkolleg*innen ein, sich über die Arbeit an innovativen Bereichen und Angeboten in öffentlichen Bibliotheken auszutauschen.
Evidence for the modification of dialect classification of modern spoken Faroese
Authors: Petersen Hjalmar P. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this article, a revised classification of Faroese dialects is presented. Unlike previous classifications, this one takes into account the development and synchronic distribution of unstressed -i’s and -u’s, which has given rise to changes in the inflectional system. In addition to this, it looks both at stressed vowels and aspirated vs. non-aspirated -p, -t, -kafter long vowels. As a result of this evidence, necessary changes to the generally accepted classification system are proposed, with four general dialect areas including transition areas.
Effect of different welding procedures on microstructure and mechanical property of TA15 titanium alloy joint
Authors: Hu Bingzhou , Wang Shaogang , Li Kang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
TA15 titanium alloy is welded by electron beam welding (EBW) and pulsed Nd:YAG laser beam welding (P-LBW), respectively. Results show that the fusion zone (FZ) is mainly composed of acicular α′ martensite, while the acicular α′ martensite in the FZ of EBW joint is coarser. The quantity of martensite in the FZ of EBW joint is larger and the distribution of martensite is denser. The microstructure of heat-affected zone (HAZ) of the two joints is similar. The HAZ near FZ consists of primary α phase and acicular α′ martensite, and the HAZ near base metal (BM) consists of primary α phase, secondary α phase, and β phase. The hardness in the FZ of EBW joint is slightly higher than that of the P-LBW joint. The tensile strength of both joints is close to that of the BM, but their elongations are decreased to a certain extent. The tensile performance of the EBW joint is slightly better than that of the P-LBW joint. Both joints fail in the BM during stretching. There are many dimples on the fracture surfaces, and the two joints obviously present the characteristics of ductile fracture.
A New Source on the Saljūqs of Rūm and their Persian Chancery: Manuscript 11136 of the Marʿashī Library (Qum)
Authors: Durand-Guédy David 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
At the end of the twentieth century, the Ayatollah Marʿashī Najafī Library (Qum) acquired a fourteenth-century manuscript of munshaʾāt previously held in a private collection. This composite multitext manuscript contains about two hundred letters sent by or to officials of the Rūm Saljūq sultanate in the thirteenth century. The letters include official (sulṭāniyyāt) and private (ikhwāniyyāt) correspondence as well as decrees of nomination (taqrīrāt al-manāṣib). They are all in Persian. This article is a first study of the codicological features, structure, and contents of this manuscript. It suggests a production process that unfolded in several stages over a period of seventy years, from the reign of Ghiyāth al-Dīn Kay-Khusraw II (d. 644/1246) to the second decade of the fourteenth century. The Marʿashī manuscript expands considerably the volume of documents available on Saljūq Anatolia during the beginning of Mongol period. It is poised to become a major source on the political history of the period and will also help to understand the integration of Anatolia into the Persianate sphere.
Basic inequalities for statistical submanifolds in Golden-like statistical manifolds
Authors: Lone Mohamd Saleem , Bahadir Oğuzhan , Park Choonkil , Hwang Inho 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we introduce and study Golden-like statistical manifolds. We obtain some basic inequalities for curvature invariants of statistical submanifolds in Golden-like statistical manifolds. Also, in support of our definition, we provide a couple of examples.
Photoactive nanomaterials enabled integrated photo-rechargeable batteries
Authors: Rodríguez-Seco Cristina , Wang Yue-Sheng , Zaghib Karim , Ma Dongling 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The research interest in energy storage systems (e.g. batteries and capacitors) has been increasing over the last years. The rising need for electricity storage and overcoming the intermittent nature of renewable energy sources have been potent drivers of this increase. Solar energy is the most abundant renewable energy source. Thus, the combination of photovoltaic devices with energy storing systems has been pursued as a novel approach in applications such as electric vehicles and smart grids. Among all the possible configurations, the “direct” incorporation of photoactive materials in the storing devices is most attractive because it will enhance efficiency and reduce volume/weight compared to conventional systems comprised two individual devices. By generating and storing electricity in a singular device, integrated photo-rechargeable batteries offer a promising solution by directly storing electricity generated by sunlight during the day and reversibly releasing it at night time. They hold a sizable potential for future commercialization. This review highlights cutting-edge photoactive nanomaterials serving as photoelectrodes in integrated photobatteries. The importance and influence of their structure and morphology and relevant photocatalytic mechanisms will be focal points, being strong influencers of device performance. Different architecture designs and working principles are also included. Finally, challenges and limitations are discussed with the aim of providing an outlook for further improving the performance of integrated devices. We hope this up-to-date, in-depth review will act as a guide and attract more researchers to this new, challenging field, which has a bright application prospect.
Animal Teeth and Mesolithic Society
Authors: Larsson Lars , Douglas Price T. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In several graves from the Mesolithic sites of Skateholm, South Sweden, animal teeth were found. Some of these teeth were used as beads in clothing. The strontium isotope analysis of 11 animal teeth is reported and discussed in comparison with human values from burials at the sites and baseline values from South Sweden. Roughly half of the animal teeth are nonlocal and from different places of origin. The beads themselves appear to carry symbolic information that may be related to the physical or social attributes of the wearer. This study involved a detailed investigation of the use-wear around the perforation and its relation to the local and nonlocal origin of the teeth.