bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Europium(II) Complexes with Substituted Tris(2‐aminoethyl)amine/Triethanolamine Ligand and their Application in Blue Spin‐Coated Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Wu Aoben , Huo Peihao , Yu Gang , Guo Ruoyao , Zhao Zifeng , Yan Wenchao , Wang Liding , Bian Zuqiang , Liu Zhiwei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLuminescent Eu(II) complexes with characteristic d–f transitions have potential applications in many fields, especially organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs), due to their satisfactory advantages including short excited‐state lifetimes, 100% theoretical exciton utilization efficiency and tunable emission colors. Up to now, most light‐emitting layers in OLEDs are typically fabricated through high‐vacuum thermal evaporation process, which is uneconomical for large‐area and multi‐dopant devices. In this work, eight Eu(II) complexes with substituted tris(2‐aminoethyl)amine or triethanolamine ligands are designed and synthesized, and their structural and photophysical properties are studied. These complexes exhibit tunable maximum emission wavelengths in the range of 437–553 nm and high photoluminescence quantum yields up to 75%. Furthermore, this work demonstrates the application of Eu(II) complex in solution‐processed OLEDs with high efficiency and luminance for the first time. The optimized device show a maximum external quantum efficiency of 9.2% and a maximum luminance of 1780 cd m−2 with an emission peak at 485 nm.
Integrated Lasers on Silicon at Communication Wavelength: A Progress Review
Authors: Li Nanxi , Chen Guanyu , Ng Doris K. T. , Lim Leh Woon , Xue Jin , Ho Chong Pei , Fu Yuan Hsing , Lee Lennon Y. T. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWith the emerging trend of big data and internet of things, silicon (Si) photonics technology has been developed and applied for high‐bandwidth data transmission. Contributed by the advantages of Si including high refractive index, low loss, significant thermal‐optical effect, and CMOS compatibility, various functional photonic devices have been demonstrated. One exception is the laser source, which is limited by the indirect bandgap of Si. Researchers have come up with different ways to make lasers on Si. This review presents the development progress of integrated laser sources on Si, with the focus on the wavelength regimes for communication. These lasers are categorized based on their gain media, including III–V semiconductor‐based laser, germanium/germanium tin‐based laser, Raman‐based laser, and rare‐earth‐doped laser. The laser performance and characteristics are summarized in tables for comparison. The key results are discussed. Future perspectives on the development of integrated lasers on Si have also been provided.
Stable, Semitransparent, and Self‐Powered Conjugated‐Polymer/CsPbI2Br UV–vis–NIR Photodetector Improved by Thiamine Additive
Authors: Cao Fengren , Wang Meng , Tian Wei , Sun Haoxuan , Li Liang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTransparent/semitransparent perovskite photodetectors hold great promise for next‐generation optoelectronic devices due to their attractive photoelectric properties and transparency. However, most previously reported transparent perovskite photodetectors require an external power supply and are unstable under relatively high humidity ambient conditions. To address these issues and realize improved performance, this study demonstrates a semitransparent self‐powered broad photodetector based on an inorganic CsPbI2Br perovskite/conjugated‐polymer hybrid structure with a thiamine hydrochloride additive. By optimizing the concentration of the thiamine hydrochloride additive, the main crystal exposure of the CsPbI2Br film changes from the (200) to the (110) plane orientation and can remain stable for more than 10 d in the air with 60%–70% humidity. The corresponding device exhibits a broad response spectrum up to a wavelength of 950 nm, a fast response speed (200/580 µs), a high responsivity (0.32 A W−1), and a large detectivity (4.4 × 1013 Jones). The improvement is mainly due to thiamine hydrochloride controlling the crystal growth to realize the desired crystal plane orientation and reduce the crystal size, which in turn improves the phase stability and optoelectronic properties of CsPbI2Br.
Nonlinear Stiffness Characteristics and Model of Air Spring for Mattress based on Finite Element and Numerical Analysis
Authors: Chao Yao , Shen Li‐Ming 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTo investigate the nonlinear stiffness characteristics and the model of an air spring for mattresses on arbitrary working conditions, a finite element model of an air spring is established, modified by response surface method and verified by uniaxial compression experiment on conditions of different initial inner pressure. Then the static stiffness characteristics on arbitrary working conditions are analyzed by finite element analysis in ABAQUS. In addition, the model for engineering control is established and the stiffness characteristics are analyzed by numerical method under working conditions. The results demonstrate the nonlinear stiffness of an air spring is positively correlated with the inner pressure and compression displacement. Additionally, a finite element model is established with average relative error ratio of 0.059 and 0.074 on conditions of compression by 20 and 30 mm, respectively, satisfying engineering requirement. Moreover, the stiffness model of an air spring on any working conditions is established by fitting surfacecontaining compression displacement and inner pressure at equilibrium position then calculating its partial derivative with respect to compression displacement. The present study suggests the nonlinear stiffness prediction model of an air spring is applicable to any working conditions, only requiring inner pressure at initial and equilibrium conditions.
Titanium Sulfide Nanosheets Serve as Cascade Bioreactors for H2S‐Mediated Programmed Gas–Sonodynamic Cancer Therapy
Authors: Li Guangqiang , Lei Huali , Yang Yuqi , Zhong Xiaoyan , Gong Fei , Gong Yuehan , Zhou Yangkai , Zhang Yuqi , Shi Haibin , Xiao Zhidong , Dong Zhiqiang , Cheng Liang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractGas‐mediated sonodynamic therapy (SDT) has the potential to become an effective strategy to improve the therapeutic outcome and survival rate of cancer patients. Herein, titanium sulfide nanosheets (TiSX NSs) are prepared as cascade bioreactors for sequential gas–sonodynamic cancer therapy. TiSX NSs themselves as hydrogen sulfide (H2S) donors can burst release H2S gas. Following H2S generation, TiSX NSs are gradually degraded to become S‐defective and partly oxidized into TiOX on their surface, which endows TiSX NSs with high sonodynamic properties under ultrasound (US) irradiation. In vitro and in vivo experiments show the excellent therapeutic effects of TiSX NSs. In detail, large amounts of H2S gas and reactive oxygen species (ROS) can simultaneously inhibit mitochondrial respiration and ATP synthesis, leading to cancer cell apoptosis. Of note, H2S gas also plays important roles in modulating and activating the immune system to effectively inhibit pulmonary metastasis. Finally, the metabolizable TiSX NSs are excreted out of the body without inducing any significant long‐term toxicity. Collectively, this work establishes a cascade bioreactor of TiSX NSs with satisfactory H2S release ability and excellent ROS generation properties under US irradiation for programmed gas–sonodynamic cancer therapy.
Effective Cell Transfection in An Ultrasonically Levitated Droplet for Sustainable Technology
Authors: Arai Takahiro , Sato Toshinori , Matsubara Teruhiko 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe levitation methodology, which enables us to operate a contactless reaction without a container, is likely to be a revolutionary technology in the fields of chemistry and biology to reduce the plastic waste in life science laboratories. Here, the authors show that plasmid DNA can be effectively transfected into animal cells in a floating droplet of culture medium levitated using ultrasonic standing waves. The data indicate that there is no significant damage to the plasmid and cells during the levitating transfection time, and the transgene expression efficiency and cellular uptake in the droplet are significantly higher than those in the conventional tube, with and without shaking. These results suggest the consolidation of the endocytic uptake pathway into macropinocytosis, indicating that ultrasonic levitation induced a change in cell characteristics. This study suggests that transfection methodology using ultrasonic levitation has the potential to advance the current experimental procedures in the field of cell engineering, in addition to presenting a revolutionary containerless reactor for sustainable technology.
Multiple insights call for revision of modern thermodynamic models to account for structural fluctuations in water
Authors: Tsochantaris Evangelos , Muthachikavil Aswin V. , Peng Baoliang , Liang Xiaodong , Kontogeorgis Georgios M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractModern thermodynamic models incorporate the concept of association (hydrogen bonding) and they can describe very satisfactorily many properties of water containing mixtures. They have not been successful in representing water's anomalous properties and this work provides a possible explanation. We have analyzed and interpreted recent experimental data, molecular simulation results, and two‐state theory approaches and compared against the predictions from thermodynamic models. We show that the dominance of the tetrahedral structure implemented in modern thermodynamic models may be the reason for their failure for describing water systems. While this study does not prove the two‐state theories for water, it indicates that a high level of tetrahedral structure of water is not in agreement with water's anomalous properties when used in thermodynamic models.
A visualized investigation of bubble breakup in a swirl‐venturi bubble generator
Authors: Bie Haiyan , Li Yunxia , Xue Licheng , Wang Yue , Liu Gang , Hao Zongrui , An Weizhong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe dynamics and breakup of bubbles in swirl‐venturi bubble generator (SVBG) are explored in this work. The three‐dimensional movement process and breakup phenomena of bubbles are captured by one high‐speed camera system with two cameras while the distribution of swirling flow field is recorded through Particle Image Velocimetry technology. It is revealed that bubbles have two motion trajectories, which are deeply related to bubble breakup. One trajectory is that mother bubble moves upward in an axial direction of the SVBG to the diverging section, and the other trajectory is that mother bubble rotates obliquely upward to another side‐wall along the radial direction. Meanwhile, binary breakup, shear‐off‐induced breakup, static erosive breakup, and dynamic erosive breakup are observed. For relatively high liquid Reynolds number, vortex flow regions are extended and the bubble size is reduced. Furthermore, it is worth noting that the number of microbubbles increases significantly for intensive swirling flow.
Benzoyl and Pivaloyl as Efficient Protecting Groups for Controlled Enzymatic Synthesis of DNA and XNA Oligonucleotides
Authors: Flamme Marie , Katkevica Dace , Pajuste Karlis , Katkevics Martins , Sabat Nazarii , Hanlon Steven , Marzuoli Irene , Püntener Kurt , Sladojevich Filippo , Hollenstein Marcel 
Published: August 2022

AbstractControlled enzymatic synthesis is an alluring alternative to solid‐phase synthesis and polymerase‐mediated incorporation of nucleotides for the crafting of chemically modified, therapeutic oligonucleotides. While this approach has met some success for the elaboration of long, unmodified DNA sequences, very little research efforts have been dedicated to xeno nucleic acids (XNAs). Here, we have evaluated the possibility of using various 3’‐O‐blocking groups for controlled synthesis of locked nucleic acids (LNA). LNA nucleosides were equipped with protecting groups used in synthetic organic chemistry and were evaluated for their stability. The most promising candidates, benzoyl‐ and pivaloyl‐protected nucleosides, were converted to the corresponding nucleotides. The resulting modified nucleotides were shown to be accepted by various polymerases. While single incorporation events were observed in high yields, strong esterase activity of polymerases represents a lasting hurdle that needs to be overcome. Overall, this article represents an additional step towards the controlled enzymatic synthesis of LNA‐containing oligonucleotides and could be extended to other sugar or nucleobase modified nucleotides.
Base‐Promoted Cascade C−N and C−C Formation: An Approach to Pyrido[1,2‐a]pyrimidinones from Ynones and 2‐Methylpyrimidin‐4‐ols
Authors: Ma Jianting , Tan Yinfeng , Tang Yao , Cui Xue , Xu Junyu , Li Youbin , Wang Xuesong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAn efficient base‐promoted approach for the synthesis of pyrido[1,2‐a]pyrimidinones from ynones and 2‐methylpyrimidin‐4‐ols have been developed via the C−N and C−C formation procedure. Diversely structural pyrido[1,2‐a]pyrimidinones were afforded in up to 95% yield for 29 examples. This reaction featured with advantages such as practical tandem procedure, wide functional group tolerance and metal‐free conditions, which has potential application in synthetic and medicinal chemistry.
Catalytic and Stereoselective Transformations with Easily Accessible and Purchasable Allyl and Alkenyl Fluorides
Authors: Paioti Paulo H. S. , Gonsales Stella A. , Xu Shibo , Nikbakht Ali , Fager Diana C. , Liu Qinghe , Hoveyda Amir H. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractStereochemically defined organofluorine compounds are vital to drug discovery and many applicable catalytic strategies have been introduced for accessing these entities stereoselectively. One approach entails incorporation of a fluorine atom (C−F bond formation) or an organofluorine moiety (e.g., CF3or CF2H), and another exploits commercially available compounds with one or more fluorine atoms. Here, we present the state‐of‐the‐art regarding the use of alkenyl and allylic fluorides in preparation of stereochemically defined fluoro‐organic molecules. Allylic and alkenyl fluorides may be purchased or generated from a commercially available acid, carboxylate salt, ester, aldehyde hydrate, or ketone bearing several fluorine atoms next to a carbonyl group. We underscore the untapped potential of purchasable organofluorine compounds, many allylic and alkenyl fluorides, as launching points for development of stereoselective processes that are of value to therapeutic science.
A Non‐Destructive Electrical Assay of Stem Cell Differentiation Based on Semiconductor Biosensing
Authors: Hideshima Sho , Hayashi Hiroki , Saito Sayoko , Tateno Hiroaki , Momma Toshiyuki , Osaka Tetsuya 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCell‐replacement therapies using human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) with self‐renewal and pluripotency characteristics have attracted much attention in regenerative medicine. However, since residual undifferentiated cells can form tumors in transplant recipients, the deterioration of their safety after implantation needs to be resolved. In the present investigation, we developed a non‐destructive method to monitor stem cell differentiation by electrically detecting the glycoprotein biomarker podocalyxin, which is secreted from hiPSCs into cell culture supernatants using field‐effect transistor (FET) biosensors. By functionalizing the FET surface with a lectin with the small molecular size, rBC2LCN, which effectively uses a charge‐detectable region for FET‐based detection based on Debye length, the intrinsic charges of podocalyxin were successfully detected without the need for any labeling. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the FETs monitored the decrease in the podocalyxin concentration in culture supernatants associated with the differentiation process. Our findings indicate that the FET‐based assay is a promising technique for the simple and rapid monitoring of the differentiation status of hiPSCs used for transplantation.
Oleogels and bigels as alternatives to saturated fats: A review on their application by the food industry
Authors: Silva Pedro M. , Cerqueira Miguel A. , Martins Artur J. , Fasolin Luiz H. , Cunha Rosiane L. , Vicente António A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe nutritional quality of processed foods is being increasingly questioned by consumers and the trend toward diets that promote health and well‐being has thus grown significantly. With this in mind, food science has sought to develop products replacing ingredients that can be harmful to consumers. This is not an easy task because, besides health‐ and well‐being‐related issues (e.g., nutritional and eventual nutraceutical properties), the new products must also meet consumers' expectations regarding sensory attributes (e.g., flavor, texture, color), while also complying with the legal regulations of the countries where they are supposed to be sold. These aspects are addressed in this article, with a special focus on the replacement of saturated fats by healthier options. Although saturated fats play an important role in many foods, as a consequence of their technological and organoleptic properties, consumption of saturated fats has been correlated with serious health issues. These factors highlight the need to replace saturated fats with healthier alternatives. One of the options to improve upon these problems is the use of edible structured oils that display a healthier fatty acid profile. As such, the development of oleogels and bigels has been of great interest as a solution for the replacement of saturated fat, and will be explored in‐depth in this review.
Minimizing the deleterious effects of endophytes in plant shoot tip cryopreservation
Authors: Volk Gayle M. , Bonnart Remi , de Oliveira Annie Carolina Araújo , Henk Adam D. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPlant cryopreservation technologies are used within gene banks for the long‐term preservation of vegetatively propagated collections. Surface‐sterilized plant tissues grown in the field, greenhouse/screenhouse, growth chamber, or in vitro are the source of shoot tips subjected to vitrification‐based cryopreservation methods. Here, we describe the methods used to minimize microbial contamination during the tissue culture initiation process. We also discuss the occurrence and possible elimination of endophytes after extended in vitro culture and during recovery after liquid nitrogen exposure. We describe two case studies in which bacterial endophytes were observed in Citrus gene bank accessions during recovery after cryopreservation. These were identified using the MinION Oxford Nanopore system and Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion assays to examine the bacterial responses to antibiotic exposure. The methods used in this case study could be applied to identify endophytes to better target antimicrobial treatments of plant tissue collections.
Increasing Prevalence of Antinuclear Antibodies in the United States
Authors: Dinse Gregg E. , Parks Christine G. , Weinberg Clarice R. , Co Caroll A. , Wilkerson Jesse , Zeldin Darryl C. , Chan Edward K. L. , Miller Frederick W. 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveGrowing evidence suggests increasing frequencies of autoimmunity and autoimmune diseases, but findings are limited by the lack of systematic data and evolving approaches and definitions. This study was undertaken to investigate whether the prevalence of antinuclear antibodies (ANA), the most common biomarker of autoimmunity, changed over a recent 25‐year span in the US.MethodsSerum ANA were measured by standard indirect immunofluorescence assays on HEp‐2 cells in 13,519 participants age ≥12 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, with approximately one‐third from each of 3 time periods: 1988–1991, 1999–2004, and 2011–2012. We used logistic regression adjusted for sex, age, race/ethnicity, and survey design variables to estimate changes in ANA prevalence across the time periods.ResultsThe prevalence of ANA was 11.0% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 9.7–12.6%) in 1988–1991, 11.4% (95% CI 10.2–12.8%) in 1999–2004, and 16.1% (95% CI 14.4–18.0%) in 2011–2012 (P for trend <0.0001), corresponding to ~22.3 million, ~26.6 million, and ~41.5 million affected individuals, respectively. Among adolescents age 12–19 years, ANA prevalence increased substantially, with odds ratios of 2.07 (95% CI 1.18–3.64) and 2.77 (95% CI 1.56–4.91) in the second and third time periods relative to the first (P for trend = 0.0004). ANA prevalence increased in both sexes (especially in men), older adults (age ≥50 years), and non‐Hispanic white individuals. These increases in ANA prevalence were not explained by concurrent trends in weight (obesity/overweight), smoking exposure, or alcohol consumption.ConclusionThe prevalence of ANA in the US has increased considerably in recent years. Additional studies to determine factors underlying these increases in ANA prevalence could elucidate causes of autoimmunity and enable the development of preventative measures.
Catalyst‐Free Accelerated Three‐Component Synthesis of Betti Bases in Microdroplets
Authors: Jin Xiaoxiao , Wu Yikang , Dai Chengbiao , Sun Jiannan , Ye Meiying , Liu Jinhua , Cheng Heyong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDue to their important roles in medicine and asymmetric metal catalysis, the formation of Betti bases has attracted wide interest in organic chemical community. Traditional multicomponent reaction methods for synthesizing Betti bases normally require long reaction times under harsh conditions (high temperature, microwave or ultrasonic irradiation, etc.) in the presence of various catalysts. In this study, we developed a mild, highly efficient and environmentally friendly method to synthesize Betti bases without the use of any catalysts in microdroplets. The Betti reaction was accelerated by 6.53×103 in microdroplets by comparing the measured rate constant in bulk. Fifteen Betti bases were synthesized by the microdroplet method using a variety of aldehydes, naphthols and amines with 68–98 % yields at a scaled‐up amount of 1.9 g h−1. Overall it is an attractive alternative to classic organic synthesis for the construction of Betti bases and derivatives.
Operating time for wire ligation with self‐ligating and conventional brackets: A standardized in vitro study
Authors: Cattaneo Paolo M. , Tepedino Michele , Hansen Emilie B. , Gram Anna R. , Cornelis Marie A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveOperating time is one of the main advantages attributed from the literature to the use of self‐ligating brackets (SLB). The aim of this study is to investigate the time needed for a complete archwire change procedure with conventional brackets (CB) and SLBs in a standardized in vitro research setting, comparing operators with different expertise.Materials and MethodsThirty‐three participants were divided into three equal groups: undergraduate students, postgraduate students, and orthodontists. Three sets of typodonts bonded with three types of brackets, including passive SLBs, active SLBs, and CBs using both steel and elastic ligatures were investigated. Operators had to insert, ligate, deligate, and remove wires in sets of typodonts representing an actual dentition before and after orthodontic treatment, mounted in phantoms. Archwire change procedure times were compared between the different bracket/ligation systems, between the before‐ and after‐treatment typodonts, and between operators.ResultsThere were significant differences between SLBs and CBs, the greatest difference being 11 min 16 s between passive SLBs and CBs ligated with metallic ligatures at T0, for the total archwire change procedure by the operators overall. For all the operators, there was a statistically significant difference in total archwire change procedure time between the systems. The undergraduate students were the slowest when using CBs, but they showed no significant difference compared to the other users when using SLBs.ConclusionSLBs can offer a significant operating time reduction compared to CBs, and time saving is not dependent on the operator's experience and training.