bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural Damage and Recrystallization Response of Garnet Crystals to Intense Electronic Excitation
Authors: Han Xinqing , Zarkadoula Eva , Crespillo Miguel L. , Huang Qing , Pan Shangfa , Liu Cong , Zhang Meng , Wang Xuelin , Liu Peng 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe susceptibility to irradiation‐induced damage, the fundamental mechanism of the relaxation kinetics, and the corresponding recrystallization effect related to the cation radius ratio are comprehensively investigated for Y3Al5O12 and Gd3Ga5O12 garnet crystals under 645 MeV Xe35+ irradiation with different fluences of 5 × 1011–3 × 1012 ions cm−2. Regarding different lattice distortion and swelling levels, the observed microstructure transformations to disordered and amorphous phases, and corresponding hillock dimensions, consistently confirm that Gd3Ga5O12 has a higher susceptibility to radiation damage than Y3Al5O12. Combined with iTS model calculations, although Y3Al5O12 has higher atomic temperature and energy deposition than Gd3Ga5O12 under the same ion velocity and electronic energy loss, the relatively high thermal conductivity and specific heat coefficient of Y3Al5O12 crystals enhance the conduction and dissipation of deposition energy, and Gd3Ga5O12, with a higher cation‐radius‐ratio (rA/rB), is more easily damaged to amorphous phase due to the less favorable kinetics of ordering and recovery of a melted track region to the crystalline phase. Additionally, the significant bandgap modification in spectral ranges of 5.88–6.75 eV for Y3Al5O12 and 4.83–5.41 eV for Gd3Ga5O12, and the enhancement of defect‐assisted‐related luminescence are achieved, providing a basis to design novel optoelectronic devices in microelectronics fields.
Formation Mechanism and Bandgap Reduction of GaN–ZnO Solid‐Solution Thin Films Fabricated by Nanolamination of Atomic Layer Deposition
Authors: Liao Ming‐Wei , Jeng Horng‐Tay , Perng Tsong‐Pyng 
Published: December 2022

AbstractNanolamination of GaN and ZnO layers by atomic layer deposition (ALD) is employed to fabricate GaN–ZnO homogenous solid‐solution thin films because it offers more precise control of the stoichiometry. By varying the ALD cycle ratios of GaN:ZnO from 5:10 to 10:5, the (GaN)1−x(ZnO)x films with 0.39 ≦ x ≦ 0.79 are obtained. The formation of solid solution is explained based on the atomic stacking and preferred orientation of the layers of GaN and ZnO. However, the growth rates of GaN and ZnO during the lamination process are different from those of pure GaN and ZnO films. It is found that GaN grows faster on ZnO, whereas ZnO grows slower on GaN. The density functional theory (DFT) calculations are performed using a superlattice model for GaN and ZnO laminated layers fabricated by ALD to understand the difference of density of states (DOS) and evaluate the bandgaps for various atomic configurations in the solid‐solution films. The band positions are experimentally defined by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy. Significant bandgap reduction of the solid solutions is observed, which can be explained by the DOS from the DFT calculations. Visible‐light‐driven photocatalytic hydrogen evolution is conducted to confirm the applicability of the solid‐solution films.
Graph Analysis with Multifunctional Self‐Rectifying Memristive Crossbar Array
Authors: Jang Yoon Ho , Han Janguk , Kim Jihun , Kim Woohyun , Woo Kyung Seok , Kim Jaehyun , Hwang Cheol Seong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMany big data have interconnected and dynamic graph structures growing over time. Analyzing these graphical data requires the hidden relationship between the nodes in the graphs to be identified, which has conventionally been achieved by finding the effective similarity. However, graphs are generally non‐Euclidean, which does not allow finding it. In this study, the non‐Euclidean graphs are mapped to a specific crossbar array (CBA) composed of self‐rectifying memristors and metal cells at the diagonal positions. The sneak current, an intrinsic physical property in the CBA, allows for the identification of the similarity function. The sneak‐current‐based similarity function indicates the distance between the nodes, which can be used to predict the probability that unconnected nodes will be connected in the future, connectivity between communities, and neural connections in a brain. When all bit lines of the CBA are connected to the ground, the sneak current is suppressed, and the CBA can be used to search for adjacent nodes. This work demonstrates the physical calculation methods applied to various graphical problems using the CBA composed of the self‐rectifying memristor based on the HfO2 switching layer. Moreover, such applications suffer less from the memristors’ inherent issues related to their stochastic nature.
Alginate‐Laminin Hydrogel Supports Long‐Term Neuronal Activity in 3D Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell‐Derived Neuronal Networks
Authors: Hartmann Julia , Lauria Ines , Bendt Farina , Rütten Stephan , Koch Katharina , Blaeser Andreas , Fritsche Ellen 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFor 3D neural cultures durable hydrogels are required, which persist over a long differentiation period and thus enable the maturation of neuronal networks (NN). Here, 3D models based on human induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived neural progenitor cells that are embedded in hydrogels of either pure alginate or alginate functionalized with the extracellular matrix protein laminin 111 (L111) are established. This study analyzes material characteristics such as porosity, L111 distribution and shear viscosity, cell compatibility of hydrogels by measuring viability and cytotoxicity, and neural function by monitoring cell migration, differentiation as well as NN formation and activity on multielectrode arrays. The addition of L111 increases neural migration and enhances differentiation into neurons and astrocytes as well as synaptogenesis in alginate hydrogels. NN formed in hydrogels are electrically active for up to 206 d and L111‐supplementation further increases electrical activity, network maturation, and synchronicity compared to 2D controls and NN grown in pure alginate hydrogels. L111 addition to alginate gels further accelerates recovery of electrical activity after blockage of sodium channels with tetrodotoxin. In conclusion, NN grown in alginate‐L111 hydrogel blends are promising models for future long‐term applications in disease modeling, drug or chemical evaluation.
Fabrication of High‐Performance Devices on Water‐Soluble Lead Halide Perovskites Using Water‐Based Photolithography
Authors: M. A. Gokul , Rahman Atikur 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe alluring optoelectronic properties of lead halide perovskites have continued to attract enormous interest from the scientific community. They are among the brightest candidates for future optoelectronic devices. However, making active devices out of single nano/microcrystals of lead halide perovskites has been a major hurdle and this has dulled its position as a future optoelectric material considerably. The notoriety of not withstanding the steps in photolithography is at the core of this problem. Here, a noninvasive sacrificial layer‐assisted photolithography technique is reported to successfully make active nano/microdevices on single nano/microcrystals of water‐soluble lead halide perovskite. The sacrificial layer can easily be removed without altering the photoresist patterns which makes it possible to fabricate complex high‐performance devices on water‐soluble samples. It is believed that this technique can easily integrate with existing technologies and can elevate the research and application in the field of lead halide perovskites and other water‐soluble materials to new heights.
Surface Protonic Conduction on Oxide Ceramics: Mechanism, Materials, and Method for Characterization
Authors: Gu Jie , Jiang Lulu , Ismail Sara Adeeba , Guo Hui , Han Donglin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSurface protonic conduction originates from a common phenomenon of surface adsorption of water, which occurs almost everywhere when the temperature and humidity are properly controlled. Different from the volume transport of protons inside the oxide ceramics, which exhibits an Arrhenius relationship with the temperature and asks for at least 500 °C to activate sufficiently high proton conductivity, the surface protonic conduction exhibits an anti‐Arrhenius behavior, enabling to achieve high surface proton conductivity at much lower temperature (e.g., close to room temperature). Therefore, the surface protonic conduction is attracting increasing attention due to its promising application in the areas of low temperature catalysis and solid‐state electrochemical devices. This review paper summarizes recent progress on the mechanism, materials, influential factors, and characterization methods of the protonic conduction on the surface of oxide ceramics, and discusses present problems and future perspectives.
Extended Work Function Shift of Large‐Area Biofunctionalized Surfaces Triggered by a Few Single‐Molecule Affinity Binding Events
Authors: Di Franco Cinzia , Macchia Eleonora , Sarcina Lucia , Ditaranto Nicoletta , Khaliq Aniqa , Torsi Luisa , Scamarcio Gaetano 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFew binding events are here shown to elicit an extended work function change in a large‐area Au‐surface biofunctionalized with ≈108 capturing antibodies. This is demonstrated by Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM), imaging a ≈105 µm2 wide Au‐electrodes covered by a dense layer (≈104 µm−2) of physisorbed anti‐immunoglobulin‐M (anti‐IgM). A 10 min incubation in 100 µL phosphate buffer saline solution encompassing ≈10 IgM antigens (10−19 mole L−1  102 × 10−21 m) produces a work function shift ΔW ≈ –60 meV. KPFM images prove that this shift involves the whole inspected area. Notably, no work function change occurs upon incubation in highly concentrated (3 × 10−15 m) nonbinding IgG solutions. The ΔW measured by KPFM is in quantitative agreement with the threshold voltage shift of an electrolyte‐gated single‐molecule large‐area transistor (SiMoT). The findings provide direct experimental evidence for the SiMoT ultrahigh sensitivity, by imaging the extensive shift of the gate work function, likely arising from collective surface phenomena, elicited by single‐molecule binding events.
Capillary Evaporation‐Induced Fabrication of Compact Flake Graphite Anode with High Volumetric Performance for Potassium Ion Batteries
Authors: Chang Xiaqing , Sun Ning , Li Guang , Yang Botao , Soomro Razium A. , Xu Bin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractImprovement in volumetric performance is growing requirements for rechargeable batteries of lightweight and compact size. Flake graphite (FG) with thin lamellar structure realizes a satisfactory K‐ion storage performance, but its low packing density leads to poor volumetric capacity. Herein, this work fabricates an FG anode with improved packing density by hydrothermal treatment of the FG with graphene oxide and subsequent capillary evaporation‐induced drying process. A three‐dimensional flake graphite/reduced graphene oxide (FG/rGO) hydrogel is formed after hydrothermal treatment, which can be compressed during drying process via the capillary force generated by water evaporation, resulting in a compact structure with enhanced packing density. Compared to the pristine FG electrode (106.0 mAh cm−3), the FG/rGO‐82 anode realizes an ultrahigh volumetric capacity of 218.9 mAh cm−3 and good rate performance with a retained capacity of 152.3 mAh cm−3 at 2 C. Moreover, the FG/rGO‐82 exhibits excellent cycle stability with a capacity retention of 90.1% after 300 cycles. Even under a high mass loading of 7.4 mg cm−2, it still remains a volumetric capacity of 145.4 mAh cm−3 after 300 cycles at 1 C. The results prove that the capillary evaporation induced drying of hydrogel is an effective way to prepare electrode material with high volumetric capacity.
Dynamic Coordination Structure Evolutions of Atomically Dispersed Metal Catalysts for Electrocatalytic Reactions
Authors: Tan Hui‐Ying , Wang Jiali , Lin Sheng‐Chih , Kuo Tsung‐Rong , Chen Hao Ming 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSingle‐atom catalysts (SACs) are regarded as promising electrocatalysts for various reactions in the field of energy conversion and storage owing to their maximized atom utilization efficiency and unique electronic properties. The modifications of local coordination structures of single metal centers play significant roles in dominating catalytic performances, thus the SACs are resurveyed with different local coordination environments in order to explore such a paramount structure–performance relationship in various energy‐conversion reactions, including O2/CO2 reduction reaction and hydrogen evolution reaction. Notably, the atomically dispersed metal atoms that are subject to working conditions will undergo dynamic changes and then affect the catalytic properties, consequently, understanding the dynamic nature of SACs during reactions is highly significant but is still lacking to date. To this endeavor, this review particularly summarizes the dynamic evolutions of local coordination structures of SACs in various electrochemical reactions based on advanced operando/in situ techniques, aiming to precisely demonstrate the correlation between the dynamic coordination environment of SACs and the electrocatalytic activity. Finally, the challenges and perspectives are highlighted in the mechanistic studying for understanding the accurate active sites of SACs under realistic working conditions.
Electropolymerized Triphenylamine Network Films for High‐Performance Transparent to Black Electrochromism and Capacitance
Authors: Wang Bohan , Wang Lingyu , Chen Haoyan , Jia Yanhua , Ma Yuguang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe polytriphenylamine films are prepared by electropolymerization from a precursor HPB‐6TPA with hexaphenylbenzene (HPB) core bearing six triphenylamine (TPA) units. The abundant and valuable electrochromism from transparent to black and from no to strong near‐infrared absorption are achieved from this TPA network film. The presence of residual TPA and dimeric TPA (N,N,N′,N′‐tetraphenylbenzidine) units in network film and their independent potential response attain the electrochromic behaviors. The network film possesses short response time and can realize high doping level (72%), attributed to favorable dopant ion channel caused by the twisting structure of HPB core and TPA units. The network film also shows large lightness changes and high specific capacitance (788.9 F g−1@1.4 A g−1), attributed to multiple active units due to HPB core with high functionality. By regulating the voltammetric cycle number of electropolymerization, films with different lightness black colored states can be prepared conveniently to satisfy different practical needs.
A Novel Strategy to Construct Artificial Light‐Harvesting System Based on Aggregation‐Induced Emission Surfactants for Photocatalysis
Authors: Xing Ling‐Bao , Wang Ying , Li Xin‐Long , Han Ning , Ma Chao‐Qun , Liu Hui , Yu Shengsheng , Wang Rongzhou , Zhuo Shuping 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHerein, a novel strategy to construct artificial light‐harvesting systems (LHSs) based on micelles is proposed. Two efficient artificial LHSs are fabricated in water based on tetraphenylethene (TPE) modified surfactants (TPE‐SAA). TPE‐SAA can self‐assemble into spherical micelles in an aqueous solution through noncovalent interactions. Due to the aggregation‐induced emission effect of the TPE unit, TPE‐SAA micelles exhibit strong emission and directly act as donors to achieve the energy transfer process. Firstly, two fluorescent dyes (4,7‐bis(thien‐2‐yl)‐2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole (DBT) and amphoteric sulforhodamine 101 (SR101)), which are localized in the hydrophobic interior and positively charged surface of TPE‐SAA respectively, are chosen as energy acceptors to realize the two‐step sequential energy transfer process with high efficiency. In addition, energy transfer can also take place from TPE‐SAA to SR101, and bright white‐light emission with a CIE coordinate of (0.31, 0.33) can be achieved by adjusting the ratio of donor to acceptor. Furthermore, to utilize the harvested energy, the micelle‐based artificial LHSs are employed to promote the aerobic cross‐dehydrogenative coupling reaction. Moreover, the dehalogenation reaction of α‐bromoacetophenone can also be catalyzed by the TPE‐SAA+DBT+SR101 system in water.
Advances, Challenges, and Perspectives for Heavy‐Metal‐Free Blue‐Emitting Indium Phosphide Quantum Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Cui Zhongjie , Yang Dan , Qin Shuaitao , Wen Zhuoqi , He Haiyang , Mei Shiliang , Zhang Wanlu , Xing Guichuan , Liang Chao , Guo Ruiqian 
Published: December 2022

AbstractQuantum dot light‐emitting diodes (QLEDs), regarded as promising candidates in the next‐generation display, have attracted much attention recently. In spite of the outstanding performance of cadmium‐based (Cd‐based) QLEDs, the toxicity of Cd hinders their wide application. Indium phosphide quantum dots (InP QDs) with heavy‐metal‐free feature and competitive performance are considered to be able to replace Cd‐based QDs as emitting layer in the QLEDs. Much progress is obtained in the red‐emitting and green‐emitting InP‐based QLEDs. However, the blue‐emitting ones are faced with great challenges and are demanded on full‐color display urgently, which is limited by the inferior performance of blue‐emitting InP QDs and lack of investigations about their QLED devices. In this review, the encountered challenges for high‐quality blue‐emitting InP QDs are presented. Common strategies for blue‐emitting InP QDs, including size engineering, composition engineering, and surface engineering are presented and analyzed. The progress of blue‐emitting InP‐based QLEDs, which strongly relies on the advances of materials, is also summarized. Finally, some perspectives from device physics are provided and discussed to inspire more efficient strategies toward blue‐emitting InP‐based QLEDs.
Mid‐Infrared Silicon‐on‐Lithium‐Niobate Electro‐Optic Modulators Toward Integrated Spectroscopic Sensing Systems
Authors: Xu Siyu , Ren Zhihao , Dong Bowei , Zhou Jingkai , Liu Weixin , Lee Chengkuo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMid‐infrared spectroscopy is an emerging technique in various applications such as molecule identification and label‐free chemical sensing. Integrated photonic platforms have a promising potential to perform miniaturized spectroscopic sensing with the advantage of compact footprint, low cost, and low power consumption. As an essential building block for integrated photonics, on‐chip phase shifter plays an important role in mid‐infrared spectroscopic systems, enabling signal processing and spectrum analysis. However, the implementation of effective pure phase modulation in mid‐infrared photonics remains challenging due to the unavoidable electroabsorption in the plasma dispersion effect at a long wavelength. Here, silicon photonic devices are built on lithium niobate substrates to simultaneously leverage the prominent electro‐optic effect and circumvent the absorption originating from the oxide layer. In particular, a reliable transfer printing method is presented for flexibly integrating the monocrystalline silicon waveguides with foreign substrates. In the fabricated silicon‐on‐lithium‐niobate platform, the electro‐optic performance is exploited via Mach–Zehnder interferometer for operation in the mid‐infrared regime. The modulator achieves half‐wave voltage length product of 12.3 V∙cm at the wavelength of 3.78 µm, with a maximum extinction ratio of 25.2 dB. These results indicate the potential of the proposed technology for the implementation of integrated mid‐infrared spectroscopic sensing systems.
Laser‐Triggered Vapor‐Phase Anion Exchange on All‐Inorganic Perovskites for Multicolor Patterns and Microfabrications
Authors: Sheng Yuhang , Zha Yanfang , Feng Xuying , Xing Fangjian , Di Yunsong , Liu Cihui , Zhang Xiaowei , Gan Zhixing 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAnion exchange reaction is a facile postsynthesis approach to modulate the bandgaps of perovskites to meet the demands in full visible spectrum. However, conventional anion exchanges are usually conducted in solutions, limiting their applications in fabricating high‐quality blue‐emitting perovskites and multicolor fluorescent patterns. Herein, a laser‐triggered vapor‐phase anion exchange (LTVAE) method is developed to convert CsPbBr3 perovskites with different morphologies (nanocrystal films/solution, microcrystals, and microplatelets) into CsPb(BrxCl1‐x)3 and CsPb(BrxI1‐x)3 perovskites. Thus, the green fluorescence is converted into blue and red fluorescence. Moreover, the deep‐blue fluorescence obtained by LTVAE shows a high quantum yield (QY) of 67.2%. Based on the mask‐assistant LTVAE, multicolor fluorescent patterns are fabricated, which are very significant for anticounterfeit and multicolor displays. Furthermore, a polymer‐assistant LTVAE method is developed to improve the stability of the multicolor fluorescent patterns. More importantly, micro‐heterojunctions with two different fluorescent colors are successfully constructed on a single CsPbBr3 microplatelet, which paves the way for microfabrications.
Tunable Luminescence on Indium Halide Hybrid Regulated by Sb3+ Doping Concentration
Authors: Shi Cui‐Mi , Xuan Hong‐Li , Wu Yue , Xu Liang‐Jin , Chen Zhong‐Ning 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSb3+ doping strategy has proved to be an effective way to regulate the band gap and improve the photophysical properties of metal halides. Herein, Sb3+‐doped lead‐free indium halide hybrid InCl6(C4H12N2)2Cl·H2O:xSb3+ (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) is reported. Upon Sb3+‐doping, the weak emission of InCl6(C4H12N2)2Cl experiences a significant enhancement in emission intensity with near‐unity photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY). The photophysical data fitted by the power‐law equation verifies self‐trapped exciton emission for the broadband emission. Interestingly, the emission experiences a gradual red‐shift with emission color changing from green to yellow and finally to orange as the Sb3+‐doped concentration increases. The single crystal X‐ray diffraction, excitation wavelengths‐dependent emission spectra, and the distortion degree calculation of InCl6(C4H12N2)2Cl·H2O:xSb3+ (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) indicate that the Sb3+ concentration dependent luminescence results from the synergistic effect of crystal phase transition, change of luminescence center, and the distortion of crystal structure. This achievement represents a successful strategy to achieve the photophysical properties modulation of metal halides for versatile optical applications.