bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Donor Deferral in a Tertiary Health Institution in South-Western Nigeria
Authors: O. Olusanya Temitope , Ogunlowo Abimbola , T. Boyede Olusola , S. Okafor Uchenna , A. Onifade Adedolapo , Fayiga Ayodele , Adaramola-Adepegba Mary F. , J. Adeniyi Oluwasegun , A. Kemiki Olalekan , S. Abiodun Ifeoluwa 
Published: August 2022

Aim: This study aimed at evaluating the deferral pattern among blood donors, in order to draw out lessons that will help canvass for a strengthened policy framework and encourage better outcomes in voluntary blood donation.
Study Design: This was a retrospective study.
Place and Duration of Study: All the data were sourced from the central database of donors, as recorded by the Haematology Department of Babcock University Teaching Hospital Ilisan-Remo, Ogun state, Nigeria. The data used spanned through a period of 5 years, from 2017 to 2021.
Methodology: A total of 7,362 voluntary and non-remunerated blood donors were included in this study. Their records were accessed and used for the study. Data were analysed using SPSS version 25. The level of statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.
Results: In this study, half (50.2%) of the entire population of volunteers were between the ages of 18 and 30 years while only 3.7% of them were between 51 and 60 years of age. There were more male volunteers for blood donation compared to the females who only represented 10.8% of the population. 61% of the voluntary donors were accepted for blood donation while 39% were regarded as unfit and hence, deferred. The 3 main reasons for deferral in this study were inadequate hemoglobin (54.7% of deferral cases), unmatched blood group (30.9%) and transfusion transmissible infections (14.4%). Age and gender had a statistically significant (P < 0.05) relationship with the pattern of deferral of the volunteers.
Conclusion: The high deferral rate observed in this study may reveal an urgent need for a community-based intervention and targeted efforts by necessary agencies to help improve the general health status of possible future voluntary blood donors.
Impact of Aerobics Exercise Training on the Pulse Oximetry of Pregnant Women in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital
Authors: K. Madume A. , Nonye-Enyidah E. I. , N.  Woko C. , E. Inyang M. 
Published: August 2022

A significant proportion of women stop exercising after knowing they are pregnant, and only a handful begin exercising throughout pregnancy. Adopting or maintaining a sedentary lifestyle while pregnant may contribute to the development of certain illnesses. Given the worldwide epidemic of sedentary behaviour and obesity-related disease, prenatal physical exercise has been demonstrated to be beneficial in the prevention and treatment of these illnesses. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of aerobics exercise training on the pulse oximetry of pregnant women. Sixty-four pregnant women who completed the study were simply randomized into experimental (n=38) and control (n=26) groups and their pre-intervention values were taken and recorded. A ten week, three times weekly aerobic exercise (40 – 45minutes) training was administered on the experimental group. A post-intervention score was also taken from all participants and the data analyzed using mean and standard deviations. Analysis of covariance was used to determine the impact at 0.05 alpha level. Results showed the Aerobic Exercise Training impacted on the pulse oximetry of pregnant women in the experimental group which reduced from a mean score of 97.82+0.73 to 97.66+1.07 and the control group from 96.96+0.87 to 96.15+0.92 . From the foregoing, it was concluded that the Aerobic Exercise Training was impactful on the pulse oximetry of the pregnant women.
Estimating Risk of Chronic Pain and Disability Following Musculoskeletal Trauma in the United Kingdom
Authors: Evans David W. , Rushton Alison , Middlebrook Nicola , Bishop Jon , Barbero Marco , Patel Jaimin , Falla Deborah 
Published: August 2022

ImportanceSerious traumatic injury is a leading cause of death and disability globally, with most survivors known to develop chronic pain.ObjectiveTo describe early variables associated with poor long-term outcome for posttrauma pain and create a clinical screening tool for this purpose.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis was a prospective cohort study at a major trauma center hospital in England. Recruitment commenced in December 2018 and ceased in March 2020. Participants were followed up for 12 months. Patients aged 16 years or older who were hospitalized because of acute musculoskeletal trauma within the preceding 14 days were included. Data were analyzed from March to December 2021.ExposureAcute musculoskeletal trauma requiring admittance to a major trauma center hospital.Main Outcomes and MeasuresA poor outcome was defined as Chronic Pain Grade II or higher and measured at both 6 months (primary time point) and 12 months. A broad range of candidate variables potentially associated with outcomes were used, including surrogates for pain mechanisms, quantitative sensory testing, and psychosocial factors. Univariable models were used to identify the variables most likely to be associated with poor outcome, which were entered into multivariable models. A clinical screening tool (nomogram) was derived from 6-month results.ResultsIn total, 1590 consecutive patients were assessed for eligibility, of whom 772 were deemed eligible and 124 (80 male [64.5%]; mean [SD] age, 48.9 [18.8] years) were recruited. At 6 months, 19 of 82 respondents (23.2%) reported a good outcome, whereas at 12 months 27 of 44 respondents (61.4%) reported a good outcome. At 6 months on univariable analysis, an increase in total posttraumatic stress symptoms (odds ratio [OR], 2.09; 95% CI, 1.33-3.28), pain intensity average (OR, 2.87; 95% CI, 1.37-6.00), number of fractures (OR, 2.79; 95% CI, 1.02-7.64), and pain extent (OR, 4.67; 95% CI, 1.57-13.87) were associated with worse outcomes. A multivariable model including those variables had a sensitivity of 0.93, a specificity of 0.54, and C-index of 0.92.Conclusions and RelevanceA poor long-term pain outcome from musculoskeletal traumatic injuries may be estimated by measures recorded within days of injury. These findings suggest that posttraumatic stress symptoms, pain spatial distribution, perceived average pain intensity, and number of fractures are good candidates for a sensitive multivariable model and derived clinical screening tool.
Improving Antibiotic Stewardship for Diarrheal Disease With Probability-Based Electronic Clinical Decision Support
Authors: Nelson Eric J. , Khan Ashraful I. , Keita Adama Mamby , Brintz Ben J. , Keita Youssouf , Sanogo Doh , Islam Md Taufiqul , Khan Zahid Hasan , Rashid Md Mahbubur , Nasrin Dilruba , Watt Melissa H. , Ahmed Sharia M. , Haaland Ben , Pavia Andrew T. , Levine Adam C. , Chao Dennis L. , Kotloff Karen L. , Qadri Firdausi , Sow Samba O. , Leung Daniel T. 
Published: August 2022

ImportanceInappropriate use of antibiotics for diarrheal illness can result in adverse effects and increase in antimicrobial resistance.ObjectiveTo determine whether the diarrheal etiology prediction (DEP) algorithm, which uses patient-specific and location-specific features to estimate the probability that diarrhea etiology is exclusively viral, impacts antibiotic prescriptions in patients with acute diarrhea.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA randomized crossover study was conducted to evaluate the DEP incorporated into a smartphone-based electronic clinical decision-support (eCDS) tool. The DEP calculated the probability of viral etiology of diarrhea, based on dynamic patient-specific and location-specific features. Physicians were randomized in the first 4-week study period to the intervention arm (eCDS with the DEP) or control arm (eCDS without the DEP), followed by a 1-week washout period before a subsequent 4-week crossover period. The study was conducted at 3 sites in Bangladesh from November 17, 2021, to January 21, 2021, and at 4 sites in Mali from January 6, 2021, to March 5, 2021. Eligible physicians were those who treated children with diarrhea. Eligible patients were children between ages 2 and 59 months with acute diarrhea and household access to a cell phone for follow-up.InterventionsUse of the eCDS with the DEP (intervention arm) vs use of the eCDS without the DEP (control arm).Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was the proportion of children prescribed an antibiotic.ResultsA total of 30 physician participants and 941 patient participants (57.1% male; median [IQR] age, 12 [8-18] months) were enrolled. There was no evidence of a difference in the proportion of children prescribed antibiotics by physicians using the DEP (risk difference [RD], −4.2%; 95% CI, −10.7% to 1.0%). In a post hoc analysis that accounted for the predicted probability of a viral-only etiology, there was a statistically significant difference in risk of antibiotic prescription between the DEP and control arms (RD, −0.056; 95% CI, −0.128 to −0.01). No known adverse effects of the DEP were detected at 10-day postdischarge.Conclusions and RelevanceUse of a tool that provides an estimate of etiological likelihood did not result in a significant change in overall antibiotic prescriptions. Post hoc analysis suggests that a higher predicted probability of viral etiology was linked to reductions in antibiotic use.Trial RegistrationClinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT04602676
Co‐design: Working with farmers in Europe to halt the loss of biological diversity
Authors: Hölting Lisanne , Busse Maria , Bülow Stefanie , Engler Jan O. , Hagemann Nina , Joormann Ineke , Kernecker Maria Lee , Larondelle Neele , Sturm Astrid , Turkelboom Francis , Wätzold Frank , Cord Anna F. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Biodiversity loss in European agricultural landscapes is progressing rapidly despite a growing number of conservation efforts. One of the reasons for this is that farmers do not have enough decision‐making power and do not receive adequate advice to tailor conservation measures to local conditions and regional biodiversity targets.
In this paper, we therefore address the potential and practical implementation of co‐designing conservation measures through close collaboration between farmers and other stakeholders (e.g. other practitioners, conservation experts, agricultural advisors, scientists and policymakers).
Based on interviews with four researchers from ongoing European co‐design projects, one national and one European farmers’ organizations, we discuss the challenges and provide recommendations for co‐design in the context of biodiversity conservation in agricultural landscapes.
Our aim is to reach scientists, practitioners and local decision makers working on innovative and locally adapted conservation efforts.
Advanced artificial agents intervene in the provision of reward
Authors: Cohen Michael K. , Hutter Marcus , Osborne Michael A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe analyze the expected behavior of an advanced artificial agent with a learned goal planning in an unknown environment. Given a few assumptions, we argue that it will encounter a fundamental ambiguity in the data about its goal. For example, if we provide a large reward to indicate that something about the world is satisfactory to us, it may hypothesize that what satisfied us was the sending of the reward itself; no observation can refute that. Then we argue that this ambiguity will lead it to intervene in whatever protocol we set up to provide data for the agent about its goal. We discuss an analogous failure mode of approximate solutions to assistance games. Finally, we briefly review some recent approaches that may avoid this problem.
Adaptive finite‐time attitude tracking control of quadrotor under actuator faults and external disturbances with guaranteed performance
Authors: Xu Gang , Xia Yuanqing , Zhai Di‐Hua , Lyu Weizhi 
Published: August 2022

SummaryThe problem of attitude tracking control for quadrotor in presence of actuator faults and external disturbances is investigated in this article. By using fast terminal sliding mode control combined with prescribed performance technique, an adaptive control strategy capable of accommodating actuator faults and suppressing external disturbances is designed to achieve attitude finite‐time tracking control with guaranteed performance. In particular, with the help of Nussbaum functions, actuator faults are passively handled without extra development of fault detection and diagnosis mechanism. The finite‐time stability of attitude system under actuator faults and external disturbances is analyzed by Lyapunov stability criterion. Moreover, in order to demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of proposed control scheme, numerical simulations in different cases are performed and presented in simulation section.
Origin of the Large Entropy Change in the Molecular Caloric and Ferroelectric Ammonium Sulfate
Authors: Yuan Shurong , Meijer Bernet E. , Cai Guanqun , Dixey Richard J. C. , Demmel Franz , Dove Martin T. , Liu Jiaxun , Playford Helen Y. , Walker Helen C. , Phillips Anthony E. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe deceptively simple inorganic salt ammonium sulfate undergoes a ferroelectric phase transition associated with a very large entropy change and both electrocaloric and barocaloric functionality. While the structural origins of the electrical polarisation are now well established, those of the entropy change have been controversial for over 50 years. This question is resolved here using a combination of density‐functional theory phonon calculations with inelastic neutron scattering under variable temperature and pressure, supported by complementary total and quasielastic neutron scattering experiments. A simple model of the entropy in which each molecular ion is disordered across the mirror plane in the high symmetry phase, although widely used in the literature, proves to be untenable. Instead, the entropy arises from low‐frequency librations of ammonium ions in this phase, with harmonic terms that are very small or even negative. These results suggest that, in the search for molecular materials with functionality derived from large entropy changes, vibrational entropy arising from broad energy minima is likely to be just as important as configurational entropy arising from crystallographic disorder.
A Mild‐Stimuli‐Responsive Fluorescent Molecular System Enables Multilevel Anti‐Counterfeiting and Highly Adaptable Temperature Monitoring
Authors: Hu Dingfang , Xu Wenjun , Wang Gang , Liu Ke , Wang Zhaolong , Shi Qiyuan , Lin Simin , Liu Zhongshan , Fang Yu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSmart luminescent materials with tangible and reversible responses to external stimuli have gained popularity for multiple applications. However, impracticable stimuli and less adaptability render them unfit for real‐life applications. Here, a proton competitive binding‐based molecular system is reported, which demonstrates, both in solution and solid state, remarkable responses toward light illumination and temperature variation. Small change in solvent composition could result in remarkable variation in measurable temperature range at least from −80 to 60 °C. Combination of light illumination and temperature change enables multilevel anti‐counterfeiting, as well as construction of easy‐to‐use and high‐resolution liquid thermometers. The key components in the concerned molecular system are a newly designed fluorophore, NI‐CBN, a four‐coordinated boron derivative of naphthalimide (NI), and an organic fluoride salt that is tetrabutylammonium fluoride (TBAF). Reaction between NI‐CBN and TBAF yields a dynamic fluorophore, NI‐CBN‐F, which shows remarkable color change to the stimuli via proton migration between the imine group in NI‐CBN and the fluoride anion of the salt. Such responses enable the aforementioned advanced anti‐counterfeiting and visible temperature monitoring.
Polyphenol‐Functionalized Cubosomes as Thrombolytic Drug Carriers
Authors: Yu Haitao , Palazzolo Jason S. , Ju Yi , Niego Be'eri , Pan Shuaijun , Hagemeyer Christoph E. , Caruso Frank 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe safe administration of thrombolytic agents is a challenge for the treatment of acute thrombosis. Lipid‐based nanoparticle drug delivery technologies present opportunities to overcome the existing clinical limitations and deliver thrombolytic therapy with enhanced therapeutic outcomes and safety. Herein, lipid cubosomes are examined as nanocarriers for the encapsulation of thrombolytic drugs. The lipid cubosomes are loaded with the thrombolytic drug urokinase‐type plasminogen activator (uPA) and coated with a low‐fouling peptide that is incorporated within a metal–phenolic network (MPN). The peptide‐containing MPN (pep‐MPN) coating inhibits the direct contact of uPA with the surrounding environment, as assessed by an in vitro plasminogen activation assay and an ex vivo whole blood clot degradation assay. The pep‐MPN‐coated cubosomes prepared with 22 wt% peptide demonstrate a cell membrane‐dependent thrombolytic activity, which is attributed to their fusogenic lipid behavior. Moreover, compared with the uncoated lipid cubosomes, the uPA‐loaded pep‐MPN‐coated cubosomes demonstrate significantly reduced nonspecific cell association (<10% of the uncoated cubosomes) in the whole blood assay, a prolonged circulating half‐life, and reduced splenic uPA accumulation in mice. These studies confirm the preserved bioactivity and cell membrane‐dependent release of uPA within pep‐MPN‐coated lipid cubosomes, highlighting their potential as a delivery vehicle for thrombolytic drugs.
Ag2Q‐Based (Q = S, Se, Te) Silver Chalcogenide Thermoelectric Materials
Authors: Wei Tian‐Ran , Qiu Pengfei , Zhao Kunpeng , Shi Xun , Chen Lidong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThermoelectric technology provides a promising solution to sustainable energy utilization and scalable power supply. Recently, Ag2Q‐based (Q = S, Se, Te) silver chalcogenides have come forth as potential thermoelectric materials that are endowed with complex crystal structures, high carrier mobility coupled with low lattice thermal conductivity, and even exceptional plasticity. This review presents the latest advances in this material family, from binary compounds to ternary and quaternary alloys, covering the understanding of multi‐scale structures and peculiar properties, the optimization of thermoelectric performance, and the rational design of new materials. The “composition‐phase structure‐thermoelectric/mechanical properties” correlation is emphasized. Flexible and hetero‐shaped thermoelectric prototypes based on Ag2Q materials are also demonstrated. Several key problems and challenges are put forward concerning further understanding and optimization of Ag2Q‐based thermoelectric chalcogenides.
Diffusive Memristors with Uniform and Tunable Relaxation Time for Spike Generation in Event‐Based Pattern Recognition
Authors: Ye Fan , Kiani Fatemeh , Huang Yi , Xia Qiangfei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA diffusive memristor is a promising building block for brain‐inspired computing hardware. However, the randomness in the device relaxation dynamics limits the wide‐range adoption of diffusive memristors in large arrays. In this work, the device stack is engineered to achieve a much‐improved uniformity in the relaxation time (standard deviation σ reduced from ≈12 to ≈0.32 ms). The memristor is further connected with a resistor or a capacitor and the relaxation time is tuned between 1.13 µs and 1.25 ms, ranging from three orders of magnitude. The hierarchy of time surfaces (HOTS) algorithm, to utilize the tunable and uniform relaxation behavior for spike generation, is implemented. An accuracy of 77.3% is achieved in recognizing moving objects in the neuromorphic MNIST (N‐MNIST) dataset. The work paves the way for building emerging neuromorphic computing hardware systems with ultralow power consumption.
Exceptionally High Saturation Magnetic Flux Density and Ultralow Coercivity via an Amorphous–Nanocrystalline Transitional Microstructure in an FeCo‐Based Alloy
Authors: Li Xuesong , Zhou Jing , Shen Laiquan , Sun Baoan , Bai Haiyang , Wang Weihua 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHigh saturation magnetic flux density (Bs) of soft magnetic materials is essential for increasing the power density of modern magnetic devices and motor machines. Yet, increasing Bs is always at the expense of high coercivity (Hc), presenting a general trade‐off in the soft magnetic material family. Here, superior comprehensive soft magnetic properties, i.e., an exceptionally high Bs of up to 1.94 T and Hc as low as 4.3 A m−1 are unprecedentedly combined in an FeCo‐based alloy. This alloy is obtained through a composition design strategy to construct a transitional microstructure between amorphous and traditional nanocrystalline alloys, with nanocrystals (with < 5 nm‐sized crystal‐like regions around) sparsely dispersed in an amorphous matrix. Such transitional microstructure possesses extremely low magnetic anisotropy caused by the annihilation of quasi‐dislocation dipoles, and a strong magnetic exchange interaction, which leads to excellent comprehensive magnetic properties. The results provide useful guidelines for the development of the next generation of soft magnetic materials, which are promising for applications of high‐frequency, high‐efficiency, and energy‐saving devices.
Overcoming the Limitations of MXene Electrodes for Solution‐Processed Optoelectronic Devices
Authors: Zhou Huanyu , Han Shin Jung , Lee Hyeon‐Dong , Zhang Danzhen , Anayee Mark , Jo Seung Hyeon , Gogotsi Yury , Lee Tae‐Woo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMXenes constitute a rapidly growing family of 2D materials that are promising for optoelectronic applications because of numerous attractive properties, including high electrical conductivity. However, the most widely used titanium carbide (Ti3C2Tx) MXene transparent conductive electrode exhibits insufficient environmental stability and work function (WF), which impede practical applications Ti3C2Tx electrodes in solution‐processed optoelectronics. Herein, Ti3C2Tx MXene film with a compact structure and a perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) barrier layer is presented as a promising electrode for organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). The electrode shows excellent environmental stability, high WF of 5.84 eV, and low sheet resistance RS of 97.4 Ω sq−1. The compact Ti3C2Tx structure after thermal annealing resists intercalation of moisture and environmental contaminants. In addition, the PFSA surface modification passivates interflake defects and modulates the WF. Thus, changes in the WF and RS are negligible even after 22 days of exposure to ambient air. The Ti3C2Tx MXene is applied for large‐area, 10 × 10 passive matrix flexible OLEDs on substrates measuring 6 × 6 cm. This work provides a simple but efficient strategy to overcome both the limited environmental stability and low WF of MXene electrodes for solution‐processable optoelectronics.