bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel generation adversarial network framework with characteristics aggregation and diffusion for brain disease classification and feature selection
Authors: Bi Xia-an , Mao Yuhua , Luo Sheng , Wu Hao , Zhang Lixia , Luo Xun , Xu Luyun 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Imaging genetics provides unique insights into the pathological studies of complex brain diseases by integrating the characteristics of multi-level medical data. However, most current imaging genetics research performs incomplete data fusion. Also, there is a lack of effective deep learning methods to analyze neuroimaging and genetic data jointly. Therefore, this paper first constructs the brain region-gene networks to intuitively represent the association pattern of pathogenetic factors. Second, a novel feature information aggregation model is constructed to accurately describe the information aggregation process among brain region nodes and gene nodes. Finally, a deep learning method called feature information aggregation and diffusion generative adversarial network (FIAD-GAN) is proposed to efficiently classify samples and select features. We focus on improving the generator with the proposed convolution and deconvolution operations, with which the interpretability of the deep learning framework has been dramatically improved. The experimental results indicate that FIAD-GAN can not only achieve superior results in various disease classification tasks but also extract brain regions and genes closely related to AD. This work provides a novel method for intelligent clinical decisions. The relevant biomedical discoveries provide a reliable reference and technical basis for the clinical diagnosis, treatment and pathological analysis of disease.
Effect of interval between neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and surgery on disease recurrence and survival in rectal cancer: long-term results of a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Akgun Erhan , Caliskan Cemil , Bozbiyik Osman , Yoldas Tayfun , Doganavsargil Basak , Ozkok Serdar , Kose Timur , Karabulut Bulent , Elmas Nevra , Ozutemiz Omer 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
The optimal timing of surgery following chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is controversial. This trial aimed to assess disease recurrence and survival rates between patients with locally advanced rectal adenocarcinoma (LARC) who underwent total mesorectal excision (TME) after a waiting interval of 8 weeks or less (classic interval; CI) versus more than 8 weeks (long interval; LI) following preoperative CRT.

Methods
This was a phase III, single-centre, randomized clinical trial. Patients with LARC situated within 12 cm of the anal verge (T3–T4 or N+ disease) were randomized to undergo TME within or after 8 weeks after CRT.

Results
Between January 2006 and January 2017, 350 patients were randomized, 175 to each group. As of February 2022, the median follow-up time was 80 (6–174) months. Among the 322 included patients (CI, 159; LI, 163) the cumulative incidence of locoregional recurrence at 5 years was 10.1 per cent in the CI group and 6.9 per cent in the LI group (P = 0.143). The cumulative incidence of distant metastasis at 5 years was 30.8 per cent in the CI group and 18.6 per cent in the LI group (sub-HR = 1.78; 95 per cent c.i. 1.14 to 2.78, P = 0.010). The disease-free survival (DFS) in each group was 59.7 and 69.9 per cent respectively (P = 0.157), and overall survival (OS) rates at 5 years were 73.6 versus 77.9 per cent (P = 0.476).

Conclusion
Incidence of distant metastasis decreased with an interval between CRT and surgery exceeding 8 weeks, but this did not impact on DFS or OS.

Registration number
NCT03287843 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov).
Callampas of disaster: negotiations and struggles for the commons under forestry hegemony in Chile
Authors: Cid-Aguayo Beatriz E , Krstulovic-Matus Josefa E , Carrasco Henríquez Noelia , Mella-Moraga Valentina , Oñate Vargas Diego 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The massive planting of exotic species under the so-called forestry model has dramatically transformed the landscapes of south-central Chile, replacing diverse agricultural, livestock and forest landscapes with forest monocultures, which are highly water-consuming and prone to massive fires. This has meant a productive simplification, and peasant communities have been displaced and stripped of their traditional ways of life. However, in this landscape of disaster, biotic communities of fungi have flourished, and with them human communities of collectors have learned to sustain themselves in a monocultural and privatized scenario. This paper is based on a multi-local ethnographic approach, built upon 26 semi-structured interviews, participant observation, social mapping, creating a calendar and a trend line. The text documents the processes of two communities affected by massive fires which have developed organization, agencies and practices. Mushrooms (callampas in Chilean Spanish) are claimed as a common good derived from the forestry model, claiming access to their use and usufruct of land belonging to forestry companies. They have also developed local governance systems for the care and better use of this new resource for common use. Forestry companies, for their part, try to subsume these practices in their territorial governance processes, disputing these commons’ meaning and purpose. Both cases contribute to empirically address the central thesis of this article, according to which communalization exercises within contexts of capitalist expansion constitute responses of survival, resistance and adaptation in landscapes transformed and devastated by extractivist industries.
Severity of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Hospitalization Outcomes and Patient Disposition Differ by Disability Status and Disability Type
Authors: Clarke Kristie E N , Hong Kai , Schoonveld Megan , Greenspan Arlene I , Montgomery Martha , Thierry JoAnn M 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundSystemic inequities may place people with disabilities at higher risk of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) illness or lower likelihood to be discharged home after hospitalization. We examined whether severity of COVID-19 hospitalization outcomes and disposition differ by disability status and disability type.MethodsIn a retrospective analysis of April 2020–November 2021 hospital-based administrative data among 745 375 people hospitalized with COVID-19 from 866 US hospitals, people with disabilities (n = 120 360) were identified via ICD-10-CM codes. Outcomes compared by disability status included intensive care admission, invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), in-hospital mortality, 30-day readmission, length of stay, and disposition (discharge to home, long-term care facility (LTCF), or skilled nursing facility (SNF).ResultsPeople with disabilities had increased risks of IMV (adjusted risk ratio [aRR]: 1.05; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03–1.08) and in-hospital mortality (1.04; 1.02–1.06) compared to those with no disability; risks were higher among people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) (IMV [1.34; 1.28–1.40], mortality [1.31; 1.26–1.37]), or mobility disabilities (IMV [1.13; 1.09–1.16], mortality [1.04; 1.01–1.07]). Risk of readmission was increased among people with any disability (1.23; 1.20–1.27) and each disability type. Risks of discharge to a LTCF (1.45, 1.39–1.51) or SNF (1.78, 1.74–1.81) were increased among community-dwelling people with each disability type.ConclusionsSeverity of COVID-19 hospitalization outcomes vary by disability status and type; IDD and mobility disabilities were associated with higher risks of severe outcomes. Disparities such as differences in discharge disposition by disability status require further study, which would be facilitated by standardized data on disability. Increased readmission across disability types indicates a need to improve discharge planning and support services.
Scale Insects Support Natural Enemies in Both Landscape Trees and Shrubs Below Them
Authors: Wilson Caleb J , Frank Steven D 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Scale insects are frequently abundant on urban trees. Although scales can worsen tree condition, some tree species tolerate moderate scale densities. Scales are prey for many natural enemies. Therefore, scale-infested trees may conserve natural enemies in their canopies and in nearby plants. We examined if scale-infested oaks—Quercus phellos L.—hosted more natural enemies than scale-uninfested oaks—Q. acutissima Carruth. and Q. lyrata Walter in Raleigh, NC. USA. We also tested if natural enemies were more abundant in holly shrubs (Ilex spp.) planted below scale-infested compared to scale-uninfested oaks. We collected natural enemies from the canopies of both tree types and from holly shrubs planted below these trees. To determine if tree type affected the abundance of natural enemies that passively dispersed to shrubs, we created hanging cup traps to collect arthropods as they fell from trees. To determine if natural enemies became more abundant on shrubs below scale-infested compared to scale-uninfested trees over short time scales, we collected natural enemies from holly shrubs below each tree type at three to six-day intervals. Scale-infested trees hosted more natural enemies than scale-uninfested trees and shrubs below scale-infested trees hosted more natural enemies than shrubs under scale-uninfested trees. Natural enemy abundance in hanging cup traps did not differ by tree type; however, shrubs underneath scale-infested trees accumulated more natural enemies than shrubs under scale-uninfested trees in six to nine days. Tolerating moderate pest densities in urban trees may support natural enemy communities, and thus biological control services, in shrubs below them.
Long-term outcomes and risk factors of residual thoracic spaces after pleurectomy/decortication for mesothelioma
Authors: Nakamura Akifumi , Hashimoto Masaki , Kondo Nobuyuki , Matsumoto Seiji , Nakamichi Toru , Kuribayashi Kozo , Kijima Takashi , Kodama Hiroshi , Yamakado Koichiro , Hasegawa Seiki 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The residual thoracic spaces (RTS) after pleurectomy/decortication (P/D) remain unexplored to date. Hence, this study aims to examine the details and risk factors of RTS during the 3 post-P/D months.

METHODS
We retrospectively examined patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy, followed by P/D for malignant pleural mesothelioma from September 2012 to December 2020. The RTS group included cases of residual thoracic cavity unaccompanied by pleural effusion on 3 postoperative months computed tomography. We determined risk factors for RTS using univariable and multivariable analyses.

RESULTS
Of 170 patients examined, 58 (34.1%) were in the RTS group and 112 (65.9%) in the non-RTS group. In the RTS group, 43 patients recovered from RTS during the follow-up period; 4 patients developed chronic fistular empyema, while 2 required fenestration and 2 were thoracoscopic debridement. Besides, 11 patients exhibited RTS continuously. The univariable analysis revealed that compared with the non-RTS group, the RTS group reported a significantly longer postoperative air leak (&gt;7 days; P &lt; 0.01) and right P/D (P = 0.04). The multivariable analysis demonstrated that longer postoperative air leak (&gt;7 days) remained a risk factor for RTS (odds ratio 2.5, 95% confidence interval: 1.3–4.9, P &lt; 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS
RTS was a postoperative event that frequently observed in patients undergoing P/D. Overall, the current study findings suggest longer postoperative air leak (&gt;7 days) as a significant risk factor for RTS.
A high-efficiency pretreatment method for elution of pathogenic bacteria in lettuce
Authors: Liao Xiaoyan , Pu Chunmin , Cui Yan , Bai Yalong , Shi Xianming , Chen Lili 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Many current studies on rapid detection of pathogenic bacteria in foods have focused on the construction of detection methods, neglecting pretreatment. It is also a key step to efficiently elute pathogenic bacteria from food samples for rapid detection and can even determine the success or failure of an assay. In this study, we used Escherichia coli (E. coli), Salmonella enteritidis (S. enteritidis), and Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) as model bacteria to compare the elution efficiency of different eluants; explore the effect of surfactant, ionic strength, protein (or amino acid and peptide), and enzyme on the recovery rate of bacteria in lettuce; and compare the compound effect caused by multiple factors. Finally, we developed an efficient bacterial recovery method and confirmed the superiority of this method to analyze the bacterial diversity of eluants from lettuce. The results showed that the recovery efficiency of E. coli, S. enteritidis, and L. monocytogenes, which were artificially contaminated with approximately 105 CFU/g in lettuces, could reach 94.4%, 90.6%, and 93.7% by using 10 mmol/L Tris·HCl (pH 9.5) with 0.1% peptone and 300 U/100 mL of cellulase, and furthermore, the elution efficiency could reach 99.6%, 98.6%, and 100% with the aid of a 2-min stomaching. For the lettuce samples with only native bacteria, the recovery rate reached 92.1% for viable aerobic bacteria by this method, which was approximately 10% higher than that of the modified previous method. The bacterial diversity of the eluted solution was analyzed, and the result was significantly improved. Considering these advantages, it is important to improve the elution efficiency to achieve rapid and accurate detection of pathogenic bacteria in lettuces.
Reduced γ-glutamyl hydrolase activity likely contributes to high folate levels in Periyakulam-1 tomato
Authors: Tyagi Kamal , Sunkum Anusha , Gupta Prateek , Kilambi Himabindu Vasuki , Sreelakshmi Yellamaraju , Sharma Rameshwar 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Tomato cultivars show wide variation in nutraceutical folate in ripe fruits, yet the loci regulating folate levels in fruits remain unexplored. To decipher regulatory points, we compared two contrasting tomato cultivars: Periyakulam-1 (PKM-1) with high folate and Arka Vikas (AV) with low folate. The progression of ripening in PKM-1 was nearly similar to AV but had substantially lower ethylene emission. In parallel, the levels of phytohormones salicylic acid, ABA, and jasmonic acid were substantially lower than AV. The fruits of PKM-1 were metabolically distinct from AV, with upregulation of several amino acids. Consistent with higher °Brix, the red ripe fruits also showed upregulation of sugars and sugar-derived metabolites. In parallel with higher folate, PKM-1 fruits also had higher carotenoid levels, especially lycopene and β-carotene. The proteome analysis showed upregulation of carotenoid sequestration and folate metabolism-related proteins in PKM-1. The deglutamylation pathway mediated by γ-glutamyl hydrolase (GGH) was substantially reduced in PKM-1 at the red-ripe stage. The red-ripe fruits had reduced transcript levels of GGHs and lower GGH activity than AV. Conversely, the percent polyglutamylation of folate was much higher in PKM-1. Our analysis indicates the regulation of GGH activity as a potential target to elevate folate levels in tomato fruits.
A tomato HD-zip I transcription factor, VAHOX1, acts as a negative regulator of fruit ripening
Authors: Li Fenfen , Fu Mengjie , Zhou Shengen , Xie Qiaoli , Chen Guoping , Chen Xuqing , Hu Zongli 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Homeodomain-leucine zipper (HD-Zip) transcription factors are only present in higher plants and are involved in plant development and stress responses. However, our understanding of their participation in the fruit ripening of economical plants, such as tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), remains largely unclear. Here, we report that VAHOX1, a member of the tomato HD-Zip I subfamily, was expressed in all tissues, was highly expressed in breaker+4 fruits, and could be induced by ethylene. RNAi repression of VAHOX1 (VAHOX1-RNAi) resulted in accelerated fruit ripening, enhanced sensitivity to ethylene, and increased total carotenoid content and ethylene production. Conversely, VAHOX1 overexpression (VAHOX1-OE) in tomato had the opposite effect. RNA-Seq results showed that altering VAHOX1 expression affected the transcript accumulation of a series of genes involved in ethylene biosynthesis and signal transduction and cell wall modification. Additionally, a dual-luciferase reporter assay, histochemical analysis of GUS activity and a yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) assay revealed that VAHOX1 could activate the expression of AP2a. Our findings may expand our knowledge about the physiological functions of HD-Zip transcription factors in tomato and highlight the diversities of transcriptional regulation during the fruit ripening process.
Phase 1/2a Safety and Immunogenicity of an Adenovirus 26 Vector Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Vaccine Encoding Prefusion F in Adults 18–50 Years and RSV-Seropositive Children 12–24 Months
Authors: Stuart Arabella S V , Virta Miia , Williams Kristi , Seppa Ilkka , Hartvickson Robyn , Greenland Melanie , Omoruyi Edmund , Bastian Arangassery Rosemary , Haazen Wouter , Salisch Nadine , Gymnopoulou Efi , Callendret Benoit , Faust Saul N , Snape Matthew D , Heijnen Esther 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) remains a leading cause of pediatric morbidity, with no approved vaccine. We assessed the safety and immunogenicity of the Ad26.RSV.preF vaccine candidate in adults and children.

Methods
In this randomized, double-blind, phase 1/2a, placebo-controlled study, 12 adults (18–50 years) and 36 RSV-seropositive children (12–24 months) were randomized 2:1 to Ad26.RSV.preF (1 × 1011 viral particles [vp] for adults, 5 × 1010 vp for children) or placebo, at day 1 and 29, with 6-month immunogenicity and 1-year safety follow-up. Respiratory syncytial virus infection was an exploratory outcome in children.

Results
In adults, solicited adverse events (AEs) were generally mild to moderate, with no serious AEs. In children, no vaccination-related serious AEs were reported; fever was reported in 14 (58.3%) Ad26.RSV.preF recipients. Baseline pediatric geometric mean titers for RSV A2 neutralization increased from 121 (95% confidence interval [CI], 76–191) to 1608 (95% CI, 730–3544) at day 29, and 2235 (95% CI, 1586–3150) at day 57, remaining elevated over 7 months. Respiratory syncytial virus infection was confirmed in fewer children receiving Ad26.RSV.preF (1, 4.2%) than placebo (5, 41.7%).

Conclusions
Ad26.RSV.preF demonstrated immunogenicity in healthy adults and toddlers, with no safety concerns raised. Evaluations in RSV-seronegative children are underway.
Antibody and T-Cell Subsets Analysis Unveils an Immune Profile Heterogeneity Mediating Long-term Responses in Individuals Vaccinated Against SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Agallou Maria , Koutsoni Olga S , Michail Maria , Zisimopoulou Paraskevi , Tsitsilonis Ourania E , Karagouni Evdokia 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Based on the fact that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still spreading despite worldwide vaccine administration, there is an imperative need to understand the underlying mechanisms of vaccine-induced interindividual immune response variations.

Methods
We compared humoral and cellular immune responses in 127 individuals vaccinated with either BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, or ChAdOx1-nCoV-19 vaccine.

Results
Both mRNA vaccines induced faster and stronger humoral responses as assessed by high spike- and RBD-specific antibody titers and neutralizing efficacy in comparison to ChAdOx1-nCoV-19 vaccine. At 7 months postvaccination, a decreasing trend in humoral responses was observed, irrespective of the vaccine administered. Correlation analysis between anti-S1 IgG and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) production unveiled a heterogeneous immune profile among BNT162b2-vaccinated individuals. Specifically, vaccination in the high-responder group induced sizable populations of polyfunctional memory CD4+ helper T cells (TH1), follicular helper T cells (TFH), and T cells with features of stemness (TSCM), along with high neutralizing antibody production that persisted up to 7 months. In contrast, low responders were characterized by significantly lower antibody titers and memory T cells and a considerably lower capacity for interleukin-2 and IFN-γ production.

Conclusions
We identified that long-term humoral responses correlate with the individual's ability to produce antigen-specific persistent memory T-cell populations.
Global Disorder: A Blind Spot or Distinct Concept of the International Society Approach?
Authors: McKeil Aaron 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe international society approach to the study of international relations has advanced a distinct understanding of international order in world politics. Does this approach therefore also implicitly have a distinct understanding of disorder in world politics, too? From a close reading of this literature, and the writings of Hedley Bull in particular, I argue that a “purposive” understanding of disorder in world politics is evident, as well as a set of sociological explanations of it, including hierarchy conflict, political value conflict, and the structural contradictions of international society. I suggest that this approach is more insightful and promising for studying increasing manifestations of disorder in world politics than alternative realist approaches. Finally, I make the case that this concept's analytical utility and theoretical role in this approach is the assessment of the continued viability of international society as a path to order in world politics.
Relationship Between Weather and Changes in Annual and Seasonal Abundance of Culicoides sonorensis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in Alberta
Authors: Lysyk T J , Couloigner I , Massolo A , Cork S C 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Factors influencing annual and seasonal abundance of Culicoides sonorensis (Wirth and Jones) (Diptera; Ceratopogonidae) were examined at 10 sites in southern Alberta using negative binomial regression. Annual abundance varied among locations with greatest abundance in a narrow geographic band between −112.17 and −112.64°W longitude and 49.32 and 50.17°N latitude. Sites were grouped depending on whether abundance was continuous and high; discontinuous and low; or sporadic and low without much loss of information. Maximum annual abundance declined with spring precipitation, increased with spring temperature, and was unrelated to spring relative humidity, suggesting that abundance is highest during years with early drought conditions. Seasonal abundance was associated with the same factors but was further influenced by temperature and relative humidity during the sample intervals. Lagged effects were apparent, suggesting abundance increased with warmer temperatures over a six-week period, and increased when relative humidity declined closer to the sampling period. Predicted values were slightly biased and tended to overestimate observed data, but this could be adjusted using calibration curves. The model can also be used to predict presence/absence of C. sonorensis and will be useful for developing risk assessments.