bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global patterns and drivers of C:N:P in marine ecosystems
Authors: Tanioka Tatsuro , Garcia Catherine , Larkin Alyse , Garcia Nathan , Fagan Adam , Martiny Adam 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The coupling between oceanic carbon-nitrogen-phosphorus (CNP) cycles is a fundamental component of ocean ecosystems. It is now widely recognized that CNP stoichiometry of marine ecosystems is variable through space and time. However, several competing hypotheses have been proposed invoking unique biochemical mechanism and associated environmental drivers to describe the observed patterns. We here quantified the detailed hydrography, plankton genomic diversity, and particulate organic matter to understand the global biogeography of ecosystem CNP stoichiometry across 1370 stations as part of Bio-GO-SHIP. We observed clear latitudinal variability in CNP and show that surface temperature is responsible for much of the stoichiometric variability at high latitudes. Genomic observations allowed us to separate each elemental stress type and revealed that the interaction between nutrient supply rate and N vs. P stress is critical for hemispheric and regional CNP variability. Future climate projections suggest that C:P and N:P ratios will increase at high latitudes, but changes are highly uncertain at low latitudes due to a lack of observations at extreme surface ocean temperature and possible shifts in N vs. P stress. Our observations suggest a systematic regulation of elemental stoichiometry among ocean ecosystems, but future changes are highly uncertain.
Blood flow stagnation after treatment of a giant internal carotid artery aneurysm: a computed fluid dynamics analysis
Authors: Muraoka Shinsuke , Takagi Reiya , Araki Yoshio , Uda Kenji , Sumitomo Masaki , Okamoto Sho , Nishihori Masahiro , Izumi Takashi , Nakamura Masanori , Saito Ryuta 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Balloon test occlusion (BTO) is an angiographic test to evaluate ischemic tolerance after permanent occlusion of an internal carotid artery (ICA). BTO can simulate ischemia caused by parent artery occlusion and can be used to select a suitable bypass surgery using specific criteria. On the other hand, a postoperative thrombus can form despite proper case selection, optimal radiological evaluation, and an appropriate surgical strategy. Postoperative ischemic complications related to perforating branches are clinically significant. This simulation study aimed to analyze postoperative flow characteristics and elucidate the cause of ischemic complications related to the perforating branch using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). An unexpected postoperative thrombus formation related to the perforating branch occurred after treating a giant aneurysm in the cavernous portion of the ICA in a patient. Three-dimensional digital subtraction angiography was used to acquire flow data and set up the CFD simulation. The flow simulations were performed at various bypass flow rates. The CFD analysis indicated flow stagnation in the ICA only when surgical treatment using a low-flow bypass graft was performed. Thrombus formation may lead to ischemic complications related to the perforating branch, such as the anterior choroidal artery. BTO did not reflect the influence of bypass blood flow. Therefore, recognizing that blood flow stagnation may occur and comprehensively deciding on the surgical strategy by CFD analysis can be helpful to prevent ischemic complications in patients with giant aneurysms.
Directed Evolution of an Efficient and Thermostable PET Depolymerase
Authors: Bell Elizabeth , Smithson Ross , Kilbride Siobhan , Foster Jake , Hardy Florence , Ramachandran Saranarayanan , Tedstone Aleksander , Haigh Sarah , Garforth Arthur , Day Philip , Levy Colin , Shaver Michael , Green Anthony 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The recent discovery of a hydrolytic enzyme, IsPETase, that can deconstruct poly(ethylene) terephthalate (PET), has sparked great interest in biocatalytic approaches to recycle plastics. Realisation of commercial utility will require the development of robust engineered enzymes that meet the demands of industrial processes. Although rationally engineered variants of PETases have been reported, enzymes that have been experimentally optimised through iterative rounds of directed evolution - the go-to method for engineering industrially useful biocatalysts – have not yet been described. Here, we report the development and implementation of an automated, high-throughput directed evolution platform for engineering polymer degrading enzymes. Evaluation of >13,000 IsPETase variants, applying catalytic activity at elevated temperatures as a primary selection pressure, afforded a HotPETase variant with 21 mutations that has a melting temperature of 82.5°C and can therefore operate near or above the glass transition temperature of PET (60-70°C). HotPETase can depolymerise semi-crystalline PET more rapidly than previously reported PETases and can selectively deconstruct the PET component of a laminated packaging multi-material. Structural characterisation of HotPETase reveals several interesting features that have emerged during evolution to improve thermotolerance and catalytic performance. Our study establishes laboratory evolution as a platform to engineer useful plastic degrading enzymes to underpin biocatalytic plastic recycling processes.
Locked up at home : A cross-sectional study into the effects of COVID-19 lockdowns on domestic violence in households with children in Belgium
Authors: Fomenko Elizaveta , De Schrijver Lotte , Vandeviver Christophe , Keygnaert Ines 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Policymakers worldwide took measures to limit the spread of the COVID-19-virus. While these sanitary measures were necessary to fight the spread of the virus, several experts warned for a significant impact on mental health and a potential increase in domestic violence. To study the impact of the COVID-19 measures in Belgium, and the factors influencing the occurrence of domestic violence, we set up the study on relationships, stress, and aggression. In this study, we evaluate the prevalence of domestic violence victimization during the COVID-19 lockdown in Belgian children aged zero to seventeen years and the associations of the parents’ financial status, relationships, mental health, and previous victimization to the child’s victimization.Methods: A stepwise forward binary logistic regression was used to analyse the association between multiple risk factors of domestic violence and victimization of the respondent’s child. The respondent being an assailant, the respondent’s age, and the age of the children in the household were added as moderators.Results: In this model an association with domestic child abuse was found for the age of the respondent, the household’s size, the presence of children between zero and five years in the household, the perceived stress level of the respondent, and victimization of the respondent during the first wave of the sanitary measures, as well as victimization before the COVID-19 pandemic. None of the interacting effects were found to be significant.Conclusion: It is advisable to make extra efforts to improve well-being when maintaining sanitary measures by providing appropriate assistance and helping households struggling with increased or acute stress to install positive coping strategies - especially in larger households with children between six and 17 years. Besides, our findings draw attention to the clustering of risk of child and adult violence exposure in lockdown situations as well as to the potential cumulative impact of exposure to violence across the lifespan and across generations. It is key to invest in training healthcare workers and staff at schools to screen for and assess risks of domestic violence development and ongoing or past occurrence in order to detect, refer and follow-up on families at risk.
Engulfment and Cell Motility1 Regulate Tumor Cell Behaviors and Predict Prognosis in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Park Young-Lan , Cho Sung-Bum , Park Sun-Young , Oh Hyung-Hoon , Myung Eun , Im Chan-Muk , Son Seyeong , Kim Seunghee , Cho Seo-Yeon , Chung Min-Woo , Hong Ji-Yun , Kim Ki-Hyun , Myung Dae-Seong , Lee Wan-Sik , Park Daeho , Joo Young-Eun 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Engulfment and cell motility 1 (ELMO1) plays a crucial role in the process of migration, chemotaxis, and metastasis of tumor cells. ELMO 1 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various cancers. However, the distinct function of ELMO1 in colorectal cancer (CRC) is unclear. We determined whether ELMO1 affected the oncogenic behavior of CRC cells and investigated its prognostic value in CRC patients. Methods: We investigated the impact of ELMO1 on tumor cell behaviors using small interference RNA in CRC cell lines, including SW480 and DLD1. The expression of ELMO1 was investigated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in cancer tissues and sera taken from CRC patients. Results: ELMO1 knockdown suppressed tumor cell proliferation in SW480 and DLD1 cells. ELMO1 knockdown-induced apoptosis through up-regulation of caspase-3, -7, and PARP activities and down-regulation of the anti-apoptotic Mcl-1 protein. ELMO1 knockdown-induced cell cycle arrest by decreasing cyclin D1, cyclin-dependent kinase 2, 4 and 6, and the 25C cell division cycle (CDC25C). ELMO1 knockdown suppressed tumor cell invasion and migration. The expression of E-cadherin was increased, and Vimentin and Claudin 1 decreased with ELMO1 knockdown. The phosphorylation levels of PDK1, Akt, and GSK-3β and were down-regulated by ELMO1 knockdown. The expression of ELMO1 was up-regulated in cancer tissues and sera taken from CRC patients. ELMO1 expression was significantly associated with tumor stage, lymph node metastasis, distant metastases, and poor survival. Conclusions: These results indicate that ELMO1 mediates tumor progression by increasing tumor cell motility and inhibiting apoptosis in human CRC.
Renal recovery and Its Predictors Among Hospitalized Patients with Acute Kidney Injury: A Prospective Study
Authors: Abebe Abinet , Kumela Kabaye , Belay Maekel , Birhan Abdela 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: This study aimed to assess the clinical features, renal recovery, and predictors of AKI among hospitalized patients in Ethiopia.Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted involving all adult patients with age >18 years, and met the kidney disease: improving global outcomes criteria for AKI from April to July 2019. The main outcome variable was renal recovery at discharge. The logistic regression model was used to determine predictors of non-recovery from AKI. Statistical significance was considered at a p-value of less than 0.05 on multivariate analysis. Results: Of the 169 patients included in the study over four months, 121 (71.6%) had kidney disease on admission, one-third (33.1%) had stage 3 AKI, nearly half (50.29%) had prerenal AKI, and 32(19%) had exposure to nephrotoxins. Vomiting 31(18.34%), oliguria 42(24%), hematuria 15(25.4%), and proteinuria 26(40.6%) were common presenting features. Of the total study participants, most of them (68%) had complete renal recovery and fifty-four (32%) patients had non-recovery AKI. On multivariable analysis, proteinuria (AOR 6.2, CI 1.25-31.4, p=0.002), AKI stage III (AOR 4.7, CI 1.37-28.6, p=0.019), and nephrotoxin exposure (AOR 5.2, CI 2.1-14.89, p=0.007) were factors significantly associated with non-renal recovery. Conclusions: A higher proportion of patients were found to have non-recovery AKI at hospital discharge. Renal non-recovery was significantly associated with the severity of AKI, nephrotoxic drug use, and proteinuria. Follow-up of serum creatinine and proteinuria, and careful drug use monitoring may help to identify patients with poor prognosis, initiate specific interventions, and improve renal recovery.
Staying connected: assessing the capacity of landscapes to retain biodiversity in a changing climate
Authors: Harwood Tom David , Love Jamie , Drielsma Michael , Brandon Clare , Ferrier Simon 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Context Management for positive biodiversity outcomes under a changing climate requires a shift of perspective relative to traditional conservation. Here we develop a repeatable indicator for measuring the capacity of landscapes to retain biodiversity under a range of plausible climate futures, as a function of the condition and spatial configuration of native habitat.

Methods The Spatial Resilience Index extends an existing approach to assessing the potential for biodiversity associated with any location in a region to access suitable habitat in the surrounding landscape under climate change, incorporating multiple dispersal rates integrated over time and an optimised spatial structure. Derivation of the indicator is demonstrated for an Australian case study, covering the entire State of New South Wales, drawing on existing spatial datasets and models.

Results Mapping of the Spatial Resilience Index across New South Wales suggests that different regions, and locations within these regions, vary markedly in their expected capacity to retain biodiversity, depending on the direct rate of climate change, the degree of climatic buffering (or reduction of climate velocity) afforded by landscape heterogeneity, and the degree of anthropogenic impacts on the connectedness of habitat in the landscape. The developed approach accounts for the interplay between these processes by treating them within a unified framework.

Conclusions The index highlights areas which can potentially benefit from adaptive management (e.g. habitat restoration) to enhance capacity to retain biodiversity under climate change, and offers an objective means of monitoring any resulting change in this capacity over time.
Effect of a premature luteinizing hormone surge on cumulative live birth rate during a flexible GnRH antagonist protocol: a retrospective study
Authors: Zhang Yangyang , Xu Yang , Yu Jiao , Wang Xi , Xue Qing , Shang Jing , Yang Xiuli , Shan Xuemin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: A premature luteinizing hormone (LH) surge refers to an endogenous LH peak that occurs before follicle maturation or human chorionic gonadotropin injection in the process of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation. Previous studies demonstrated that a premature LH surge was associated with a decline in clinical pregnancy rates in fresh embryo transfer cycles. No studies have reported the effect of a premature LH surge on the cumulative pregnancy rate (CPR) and cumulative live birth rate (CLBR). The aim of this study was to explore the effect of a premature LH surge on the CPR and CLBR of patients during a flexible GnRH antagonist protocol.Methods: A total of 428 infertile women undergoing IVF/ICSI were recruited for this retrospective study. Only women who either delivered a live infant or had no remaining frozen embryos after a single stimulation cycle were included in the analysis. During the study period, each patient underwent a flexible GnRH antagonist protocol. Women were divided into two groups according to the presence (Group A) or absence (Group B) of a premature LH surge. The primary outcome measures were the CPR and CLBR per ovarian stimulation cycle. The secondary outcome measures were the number of oocytes retrieved, fertilization rate, clinical pregnancy rate, and implantation rate.Results: Fifty-one women (11.92%) experienced a premature LH surge (Group A), and the other 377 (88.08%) women were assigned to Group B. There was no significant difference between Group A and Group B in the clinical pregnancy rate or live birth rate in the fresh embryo transfer cycle. The primary outcome measures, the CPR and CLBR per ovarian stimulation cycle, were not significantly different between the premature LH surge group and the control group. According to the analysis stratified by ovarian response (normal or high), there were no significant differences in pregnancy outcomes between the groups with and without a premature LH surge.Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that a transient premature LH surge without progesterone elevation had no adverse effect on the CLBR of patients on a flexible GnRH antagonist protocol. Therefore, a transient LH surge should not be an indicator for cycle cancellation.
Reading Speed In School-Age Children With Intermittent Exotropia: Evaluated With International Reading Speed Texts
Authors: Fang Cheng , Wu Yidong , peng Tingting , Wang Chunxiao , Lou Jiangtao , Xu Meiping , Bao Jinhua , Chen Chongling , Yu Xinping 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Reading speed in intermittent exotropia (IXT) children has been minimally examined. We assessed reading speed in school-age children with IXT and determined clinical characteristics of IXT that impacted their reading ability.Methods: A total of 63 school-age (10-16 years) children with intermittent exotropia and a group of 44 age-matched normal children were recruited. All children underwent ophthalmologic and binocular function evaluations. Reading speed was assessed with the International Reading Speed Texts (IReST). We compared reading speed of children with IXT to that of normal counterparts. In addition, the correlation between reading speed and clinical characteristics of IXT (i.e., angle of deviation, binocular function, fusion control) were evaluated.Results: Reading speed in children with IXT (231 ± 51 CPM) was much slower than their normal counterparts (257 ± 33 CPM, p=0.002). For further analysis, we divided the group of IXT patients into slow and non-slow reading groups. The average reading speed in the Slow group was significantly slower than that in the Non-slow group (158±25 CPM vs. 250±37 CPM, p < 0.001). After adjusting for the age and gender, we found a significant correlation between the LogTNO and reading speed in IXT group (r=-0.244, p=0.054). Age, gender and LogTNO were found to be factors associated with reading speed in children with IXT based on a generalized linear model. Conclusion: Our finding suggests that reading speed was slower in school-age children with IXT assessed with the International Reading Speed Texts. When age and gender were adjusted, poor stereo function at near was found to be related with a slower reading speed, and the stereoacuity at near was found to be associated with reading speed in children with IXT.
Role of m6A modification in stromal and immune activation patterns together with response to ICI in melanoma
Authors: Jiang Ziming , Long Junyu , Yang Fan , Zhang Hanlin , Gao Shiqi , Deng Kaige , Zheng Haoran , Liu Xiao , Zhang Lei , Du Shunda , Xu Haifeng , Zheng Yongchang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Great progress has been made in understanding the epigenetic regulation of the immune response. However, the influence of RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) regulation on the tumor microenvironment (TME) of melanoma is still unknown.
Methods
We comprehensively evaluated 790 samples of melanoma based on 21 m6A regulator genes and associated these regulators with infiltration characteristics in the TME. We used the m6A score to assess the m6A modification pattern and response to immunotherapy.
Results
Three distinct m6A modification patterns were identified among 790 melanoma samples, and the patterns correspond to different clinical outcomes. The characteristics of the three modification patterns mainly included three phenotypes: immune inflamed, immune desert and immune excluded. We found that the m6A modification pattern could be applied to assess genetic variations, immune infiltration and prognosis. Based on the m6A score, melanoma patients could be classified into high and low m6A score subgroups. Stromal activation was observed in the high m6A score subgroup, indicating the immune-excluded phenotype. Patients in the low m6A score subgroup had prolonged overall survival and enhanced immune infiltration. Further analysis showed that the low m6A score correlated with a high tumor mutation burden, and better response to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy, which indicated that the low m6A score subgroup might have therapeutic advantages and better clinical effects.
Conclusion
Our research revealed that m6A modification plays an essential role in shaping TME complexity and diversity of melanoma. Evaluation of m6A modification patterns could provide more information on TME infiltration characteristics and new ideas for immunotherapies.
The Effect Of The Perioperative Waiting Time On Postoperative Survival Of Patients With Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Chen LiangLiang , Hu Junxi , XiaolinWang  , Lu Shichun , Sun Chao , Shu Yusheng 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Objective Investigate the influence of the perioperative waiting time on postoperative survival of patients with esophageal cancer.Methods We enrolled 299 patients with stageⅠ~Ⅲ esophageal cancer from the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Subei People’s Hospital from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2015. The method of multivariate analysis is the COX regression analysis to model the effect of the perioperative waiting time on OS rate. The nonparametric tests (K-W test) and Spearman were used to analyze factors influencing the perioperative waiting time.Results The median duration of the follow-up for patients in this study is 74 months (IQR 69-79 months). The 1-year, 3-year and 5-year survival rates of patients with perioperative waiting time less than 10 days were 92.30% vs 77.40% vs 67.20%, respectively. The 1-year, 3-year and 5-year survival rates were 93.80% vs 67.20% vs 54.70% , with the waiting time more than 10 days. The result showed that Charlson comorbidity index (CCI), clinical stage , lymph node metastasis, operation time and perioperative waiting time were the independent factors for postoperative survival of esophageal cancer patients (P<0.01). Moreover, the rot-map model constructed by risk factors including perioperative waiting time had higher predictive power.Conclusions The perioperative waiting time can affect the survival of patients with esophageal cancer after surgery.
LINC02870 facilitates SNAIL translation to promote hepatocellular carcinoma progression
Authors: Guo Mengya , Zhuang p , Huang Jianing , Shao Xiaowen , Bai Nan , Li Minghe , Niu Minmin , Wei Wen , Sun Li , Li Yongmei , Qiang Zhaoyan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Exploring the roles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in tumorigenesis and metastasis could contribute to recognition of novel diagnostic and therapeutic targets. Herein, we focused on the function and mechanism of LINC02870 in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We first carried out a pan-cancer study for LINC02870 expression and prognosis, and LINC02870 was determined to be a possible oncogene in HCC. The upregulated expressions of LINC02870 were also found in our HCC samples and more prevalence in the HBV-positive HCC tissues. Moreover, overexpression of LINC02870 promoted cell growth, migration, and invasion in HCC cells. Subsequently, binding proteins of LINC02870 were identified by a number of in silico analyses, including correlation analysis, a signaling network analysis, and survival analysis. Intriguingly, the most promising binding protein of LINC02870 was predicted and confirmed as the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 gamma 1 (EIF4G1), an important component of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4F (EIF4F) complex to initiate cap-dependent translation. Further investigation presented that LINC02870 increased the translation of SNAIL to induce the malignant phenotypes of HCC cells. Additionally, HCC patients with higher expression levels of LINC02870 and EIF4G1 had a shorter lifespan compared to those with their lower expression levels. Thus, our findings suggested that LINC02870 induced SNAIL translation and correlated with poor prognosis and tumor progression in HBV-related HCC.