bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Once in a summer: Fall history of the JaH 073 strewn field, Sultanate of Oman
Authors: Wimmer Karl , Gnos Edwin , Hofmann Beda A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractModeling of a prehistoric fall can be successful if a strewn field is very well documented and coordinates, masses, and shapes of all individual stones are recorded. In combination with meteoroid mass and wind model constraints, a detailed scenario of the atmospheric passage is obtained for the ~20 × 6 km‐sized JaH 073 L6 strewn field in Oman. The wide mass ranges from 52.2 kg to <1 g together with the large number of ~3500 stones offer the statistical basis to reconstruct the trajectory and the fragmentation sequence. The size of the meteoroid, constrained by noble gas analyses, corresponds to an initial mass of about 12 t at atmospheric entry using an L‐chondrite bulk density of 3400–3500 kg m−3. Assuming typical ablation behavior, these data are compatible with an entry velocity of 20 ± 3 km s−1. The best model fit is achieved for a serial fragmentation scenario starting at an altitude of ~34 km and showing a main fragmentation at 26 km. A resolved event seems to have occurred at 22 km, followed by a more diffuse fragmentation at 19 km. The vertical trajectory angle is calculated at 43 ± 2° and the azimuth at 329 ± 1°. The position of numerous outlying meteorites in the strewn field can only be reproduced by repeated fragmentation with cumulated transverse velocities from explosive events. The wind model adopted from modern data fits surprisingly well and indicates summer monsoon with strong easterly winds during the fall event, consistent with paleoclimatic data.
Crossing the River by Feeling the Stones: Understanding and Integrating Social Justice in Chinese Language Class
Authors: KONG KAISHAN 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRecent global social unrest—anti‐Asian violence in particular—was a wake‐up call compelling Chinese language teachers to not only reflect on their emotions but also actively incorporate social justice in their curriculum and instruction. Yet, research on social justice in Chinese language classrooms is scarce. Building on recent work on teacher agency, this study investigated 10 Chinese language teachers, originally from mainland China and Taiwan, about their understandings and practices of social justice in their teaching. Findings identified 3 major dimensions that influenced their understandings and practices—namely, community, curriculum, and, more importantly, culture. (Re)shaping their understandings and adapting pedagogical skills were ongoing processes through which the teachers experienced complex feelings, support, and challenges; nonetheless, they drew on their agency to embed social justice in their teaching, manifested through (a) centering social justice topics in curriculum and instruction, and (b) creating a justice‐oriented environment. This study explored social justice in the landscape of Chinese language education and provides implications for teaching and teacher education.
Dysregulated cystathionine‐β‐synthase/hydrogen sulfide signaling promotes chronic stress‐induced colonic hypermotility in rats
Authors: Lin Mengjuan , Hu Guiying , Yu Baoping 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundHydrogen sulfide (H2S), an important endogenous gasotransmitter, is involved in the modulation of gastrointestinal motility, but whether it mediates the intestinal dysmotility in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is not known. This study explored the significance of cystathionine‐β‐synthase (CBS)/H2S signaling in stress‐induced colonic dysmotility.MethodsA rat model of IBS was established using chronic water avoidance stress (WAS). Colonic pathological alterations were detected histologically. Intestinal motility was determined by intestinal transit time (ITT) and fecal water content (FWC). Visceral sensitivity was assessed using the visceromotor response (VMR) to colorectal distension (CRD). Real‐time PCR, Western blotting, and immunostaining were performed to identify the expression of CBS in the colon. The contractions of distal colon were studied in an organ bath system and H2S content was measured by ELISA. The effects of SAM, a selective CBS activator, on colonic dysmotility were examined. MEK1 was tested as a potential upstream effector of CBS/H2S loss.Key ResultsAfter 10 days of WAS, the ITT was decreased and FWC was increased, and the VMR magnitude in response to CRD was enhanced. The colonic CBS expression and H2S levels were significantly declined in WAS‐exposed rats, and the density of CBS‐positive enteric neurons in the myenteric plexus in WAS‐treated rats was lower than that in controls. SAM treatment relieved WAS‐induced colonic hypermotility via increased H2S production. AZD6244, a selective inhibitor of MEK1, partially reversed CBS downregulation and colonic hypermotility in WAS‐treated rats.Conclusions & InferencesDecreased CBS/H2S signaling through increased MEK1 signaling might be important in the pathogenesis of chronic stress‐induced colonic hypermotility. SAM could be administered for disorders associated with intestinal hypermotility.
Pharyngeal biorhythms during oral milk challenge in high‐risk infants: Do they predict chronic tube feeding?
Authors: Hasenstab Kathryn A. , Prabhakar Varsha , Helmick Roseanna , Yildiz Vedat , Jadcherla Sudarshan R. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundEating difficulties are common in high‐risk neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) infants; mechanisms remain unclear. Crib‐side pharyngo‐esophageal motility testing is utilized to assess contiguous swallowing physiology, and cross‐system interplay with cardio‐respiratory rhythms. Aims were to: (1) identify whether distinct pharyngeal rhythms exist during oral milk challenge (OMC), and (2) develop a chronic tube feeding risk prediction model in high‐risk infants.MethodsSymptomatic NICU infants (N = 56, 29.7 ± 3.7 weeks birth gestation) underwent pharyngo‐esophageal manometry with OMC at 40.9 ± 2.5 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA). Exploratory cluster data analysis (partitioning around k‐medoids) was performed to identify patient groups using pharyngeal contractile rhythm data (solitary swallows and swallows within bursts). Subsequently, (a) pharyngeal‐esophageal, cardio‐respiratory, and eating method characteristics were compared among patient groups using linear mixed models, and (b) chronic tube feeding prediction model was created using linear regression.ResultsThree distinct patient groups were identified with validity score of 0.6, and termed sparse (high frequency of solitary swallows), intermediate, or robust (high swallow rate within bursts). Robust group infants had: lesser pharyngeal and esophageal variability, greater deglutition apnea, pharyngeal activity, and esophageal activity (allp < 0.05), but less frequent heart rate decreases (p < 0.05) with improved clinical outcomes (milk transfer rate,p < 0.001, and independent oral feeding at discharge,p < 0.03). Chronic tube feeding risk = −11.37 + (0.22 × PMA) + (−0.73 × bronchopulmonary dysplasia) + (1.46 × intermediate group) + (2.57 × sparse group).ConclusionsRobust pharyngeal rhythm may be an ideal neurosensorimotor biomarker of independent oral feeding. Differential maturation of cranial nerve‐mediated excitatory and inhibitory components involving foregut, airway, and cardiac rhythms distinguishes the physiologic and pathophysiologic basis of swallowing and cardio‐respiratory adaptation.
Psychiatric comorbidities among adult patients with disorders of gut–brain interaction: Prevalence and relationships to treatment outcomes
Authors: Madva Elizabeth N. , Staller Kyle , Huffman Jeff C. , Kuo Braden , Garcia‐Fischer Isabelle , Atkins Micaela , Keefer Laurie , Celano Christopher M. , Murray Helen Burton 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about the impact of psychiatric comorbidity on pharmacologic treatment outcomes, including neuromodulators (medications targeting the gut–brain axis), among adult patients with disorders of gut–brain interaction (DGBI). Accordingly, we aimed to examine associations between psychiatric comorbidity and DGBI pharmacologic treatment outcomes.MethodsIn a retrospective study of consecutively referred new patients (N = 410; ages 18–90; 73% female) to a tertiary neurogastroenterology clinic in 2016 with follow‐up through 2018, relationships between psychiatric illness (any psychiatric illness, anxiety disorders, depressive disorders) and pharmacologic treatment selection (any medication, neuromodulating medication) and treatment outcomes, respectively, were examined using multivariable logistic regression, adjusting for demographics, gastrointestinal (GI) diagnoses, and pre‐existing neuromodulator use.Key ResultsAnxiety disorders (35%) were the most common psychiatric comorbidity, followed by depressive disorders (29%). Patients with anxiety disorders were more likely to be prescribed a neuromodulator by their gastroenterologist (OR = 1.72 [95% CI 1.10–2.75]) yet less likely to respond to neuromodulators (OR = 0.43 [0.21–0.90]) or any GI medication (OR = 0.24 [0.12–0.50]) in fully adjusted analyses. In contrast, depressive disorders were not associated with neuromodulator prescription or response.Conclusions and InferencesAnxiety disorders are common among patients with DGBI and significantly reduce the likelihood of GI pharmacologic treatment response to any medication prescribed, including neuromodulators.
Ten controversies in gastroparesis and a look to the future
Authors: Ramos Gabriela Piovezani , Camilleri Michael 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundGastroparesis is a complex, challenging gastrointestinal disorder presenting with upper gastrointestinal symptoms, especially nausea and vomiting, with significant impact on patients' quality of life. After ruling out mechanical obstruction, it is essential to identify delay in gastric emptying for definitive diagnosis. The most common causes are idiopathic (no identified etiology), diabetes mellitus, and postsurgical status. Management of gastroparesis focuses on dietary modifications and treatment directed to symptom relief. Unfortunately, approximately one‐third of patients are refractory to pharmacological therapy, and the effectiveness of the few nonpharmacological options has been questioned.PurposeExtensive review of the literature identifies several uncertainties or controversies regarding the differential diagnosis based on the spectrum of symptoms, the lack of availability of reliable diagnostic test, and questions regarding effective therapeutic options. In this review, we discuss ten controversies regarding gastroparesis: clinical presentation, diagnosis, overlap syndromes, pathophysiology, etiology, as well as pharmacological and nonpharmacological therapeutic options. In addition, we briefly review studies exploring pathological, inflammatory, and molecular disturbances affecting the intrinsic neuromuscular elements that may be involved in the pathophysiology of gastroparesis and may constitute possible therapeutic targets in the future. Finally, we tabulate future research opportunities to resolve these controversies in the management of patients with gastroparesis.
Oral lichen planus and related lesions. What should we accept based on the available evidence?
Authors: González‐Moles Miguel Ángel , Ramos‐García Pablo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRecent new terminologies have been proposed for lesions in the sphere of oral lichen planus (OLP) that theoretically present unique aetiological, clinical, prognostic or management characteristics different from those of the so‐called typical forms of OLP. We aimed to critically analyse what concepts and terminologies related to OLP should we accept based on the available evidence. A review of the literature was carried out in order to critically analyse the concepts and terminologies related to OLP. New concepts and terminologies include oral lichenoid lesions; contact lichenoid reactions, drug lichenoid reactions or those in the context of graft‐versus‐host disease; chronic ulcerative stomatitis; lichen planus pemphigoid; and some lesions that are difficult to categorise, such as OLP with features of proliferative verrucous leukoplakia and lichenoid lesions of the upper labial mucosa. A multidisciplinary, multicontinent working group has recently published a guideline with recommendations for modifying definitions and terminologies associated with a disease, among which a reasoned, evidence‐based justification for the proposed change is considered essential. An in‐depth analysis of the newly proposed terms for OLP‐related lesions shows that many of them are not justified. In this paper, we set out our position on the basis of the existing evidence on the appropriateness of the use of these new terms.
Comparison of intravenous and inhalation anesthesia on postoperative behavior changes in children undergoing ambulatory endoscopic procedures: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Quintão Vinícius Caldeira , Carlos Ricardo Vieira , Cardoso Priscilla Ferreira Neto , Zeferino Suely Pereira , Kulikowski Leslie Domenici , Lee‐Archer Paul , Carmona Maria José Carvalho 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundEarly and delayed behavioral changes are well recognized after anesthesia. Intravenous anesthesia may prevent emergence delirium. However, it has not been evaluated as a preventive strategy for delayed postoperative behavior changes.AimsWe aimed to determine whether intravenous anesthesia is effective at reducing postoperative behavior changes in children undergoing ambulatory endoscopic procedures when compared to inhalation anesthesia.MethodsThis randomized, double‐blinded controlled trial was approved by the local IRB. Children aged 1–12 years who underwent ambulatory endoscopic procedures were recruited. Preoperative anxiety was evaluated through the modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale. All children underwent face mask inhalation induction with sevoflurane. After a peripheral line was placed, each child was allocated to sevoflurane or propofol maintenance. Emergence delirium was evaluated through the Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium scale. The child was discharged home, and behavioral changes were assessed through the Posthospitalization Behavior Questionnaire for Ambulatory Surgery on Days 1, 7, and 14.ResultsOverall, 175 children were enrolled. On Day 1 after the procedure, 57 children presented at least one negative behavior. On Days 7 and 14, 49 and 44 children presented at least one negative behavior, respectively. The median number of negative behaviors was similar between the groups. Post hoc analyses showed a moderate correlation between emergence delirium and negative postoperative behavior on Day 7 (r = .34; p = <.001) and an increase of 3.31 (95% CI 1.90; 4.36 p < .001) points in the mean summed score of new negative behaviors for individuals with emergence delirium.ConclusionThe incidence of postoperative behavior changes in children undergoing ambulatory endoscopic procedures was similar when comparing intravenous with inhalation anesthesia. Children who experience emergence delirium might show a greater incidence of negative postoperative behavior changes.
Manifestation of anxiety and depression among pediatric patients with psoriasis: A review
Authors: Strouphauer Emily , Stolar Andrea , Tollefson Megha 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPsoriasis is a chronic, inflammatory skin disorder with manifestations extending beyond visual presentation to encompass psychological burden. Though the association between psoriasis and mental health disorders in adults is widely accepted, there is inadequate research to generalize these findings to pediatric populations. In this review of the literature, we discuss the prevalence of anxiety and depression among pediatric patients with psoriasis in hopes of raising awareness of these associations and advocating for psychological screening and intervention in dermatology practice.
Comparative opinion loss
Authors: Eva Benjamin , Stern Reuben 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIt is a consequence of the theory of imprecise credences that there exist situations in which rational agents inevitably become less opinionated toward some propositions as they gather more evidence. The fact that an agent's imprecise credal state can dilate in this way is often treated as a strike against the imprecise approach to inductive inference. Here, we show that dilation is not a mere artifact of this approach by demonstrating that opinion loss is countenanced as rational by a substantially broader class of normative theories than has been previously recognised. Specifically, we show that dilation‐like phenomena arise even when one abandons the basic assumption that agents have (precise or imprecise) credences of any kind, and follows directly from bedrock norms for rational comparative confidence judgements of the form ‘I am at least as confident in p as I am in q’. We then use the comparative confidence framework to develop a novel understanding of what exactly gives rise to dilation‐like phenomena. By considering opinion loss in this more general setting, we are able to provide a novel assessment of the prospects for an account of inductive inference that is not saddled with the inevitability of rational opinion loss.
Decentralization and development in Ghana's Fourth Republic
Authors: Debrah Emmanuel , Owusu‐Mensah Isaac 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis article demonstrates how decentralization can lead to development at the local level, albeit in moderate form. Analyzing data collected from 660 respondents based on face‐to‐face interviews, focus group discussions, and personal observations, we found that the transfer of power and resources to the district assemblies (DAs) has led to the provision of critical social amenities such as roads, education, health‐care facilities, and management of environmental sanitation at the sub‐national level. Respondents are satisfied with the provision of these social amenities because they have led to relative improvements in their basic social needs. Yet, delays and the accumulation of arrears associated with the transfers of the District Assemblies Common Fund (DACF) have deprived the DAs of the needed revenue to deliver far‐reaching social services to the people. The grant of more financial autonomy to the DAs and measures to curtail the overbearing influence of the central government over the administration of the DACF will enhance their capacity to deliver substantial development projects to accentuate the transformation of the rural districts.Related ArticlesAdams, Brian E. 2016. “Assessing the Merits of Decentralization: A Framework for Identifying the Causal Mechanisms Influencing Policy Outcomes.” Politics & Policy 44(5): 820–49. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12172.Ayanoore, Ishmael, and Sam Hickey. 2022. “Reframing the Politics of Natural Resource Governance in Africa: Insights from the Local Content Legislation Process in Ghana.” Politics & Policy 50(1): 119–36. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12449.Debrah, Emmanuel. 2016. “Decentralization, District Chief Executives, and District Assemblies in Ghana's Fourth Republic.” Politics & Policy 44(1): 135–64. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12146.
Distinct neural dynamics underlying risk and ambiguity during valued‐based decision making
Authors: Deng Leyou , Li Qi , Zhang Mang , Shi Puyu , Zheng Ya 
Published: November 2022

AbstractUncertainty can be fractioned into risk and ambiguity psychologically and neurobiologically. However, whether and how risk and ambiguity are dissociated in terms of neural dynamics during value‐based decision making remain elusive. The present event‐related potential (ERP) study addressed these issues by asking participants to perform a wheel‐of‐fortune task either during a risky context (Experiment 1; N = 30) where outcome probability was known or during an ambiguous context (Experiment 2; N = 30) where outcome probability was unknown. Results revealed that the cue‐P3 was more enhanced for risk versus ambiguity during the anticipatory phase, whereas the RewP was more increased for ambiguity than risk during the consummatory phase. Moreover, the SPN and the fb‐P3 components were further modulated by the levels of risk and ambiguity, respectively. These findings demonstrate a neural dissociation between risk and ambiguity, which unfolds from the anticipatory phase to the consummatory phase.
Neural timing of the other‐race effect across the lifespan: A review
Authors: Serafini Luana , Pesciarelli Francesca 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFace race influences the way we process faces, so that faces of a different ethnic group are processed for identity less efficiently than faces of one's ethnic group ‐ a phenomenon known as the Other‐Race Effect (ORE). Although widely replicated, the ORE is still poorly characterized in terms of its development and the underlying mechanisms. In the last two decades, the Event‐Related Potential (ERP) technique has brought insight into the mechanisms underlying the ORE and has demonstrated potential to clarify its development. Here, we review the ERP evidence for a differential neural processing of own‐race and other‐race faces throughout the lifespan. In infants, race‐related processing differences emerged at the N290 and P400 (structural encoding) stages. In children, race affected the P100 (early processing, attention) perceptual stage and was implicitly encoded at the N400 (semantic processing) stage. In adults, processing difficulties for other‐race faces emerged at the N170 (structural encoding), P200 (configuration processing) and N250 (accessing individual representations) perceptual stages. Early in processing, race was implicitly encoded from other‐race faces (N100, P200 attentional biases) and in‐depth processing preferentially applied to own‐race faces (N200 attentional bias). Encoding appeared less efficient (Dm effects) and retrieval less recollection‐based (old/new effects) for other‐race faces. Evidence admits the contribution of perceptual, attentional, and motivational processes to the development and functioning of the ORE, offering no conclusive support for perceptual or socio‐cognitive accounts. Cross‐racial and non‐cross‐racial studies provided convergent evidence. Future research would need to include less represented ethnic populations and the developmental population.
One turn at a time: Behavioral and ERP evidence for two types of rotations in the classical mental rotation task
Authors: Ankaoua Maya , Luria Roy 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe perform mental rotations in many everyday situations, such as reading a map or following furniture assembling instructions. In a classical mental rotation task, participants are asked to judge whether a rotated stimulus is presented in its mirrored form or its canonical form. Previous results have indicated a degree effect: RT is longer as the angle of rotation increases, and this effect is traditionally explained by arguing that this judgment requires rotating the stimulus back to its upright form. Importantly, in half of the trials, the stimuli are rotated on both the page plane and mirror plane. Namely, we argue that in previous research the task actually involved two different rotation processes. To provide a clear dissociation between these two rotations, we collected EEG data and used the Contralateral Delay Activity (CDA) as an indicator of visual working memory (VWM) load. The results of Experiment 1 suggested different VWM involvement according to the degrees rotations when the item was not mirrored, such that the CDA amplitude generally increased as the degree of rotation was higher. Mirrored trials were all at ceiling in terms of CDA, regardless of their rotation degree. Experiment 2 showed increased CDA amplitude uniquely related to the flip rotation. Thus, we provided ERP evidence that the canonical mental rotation task involves two types of rotations that can be dissociated based on the load they imposed on VWM.