bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative study of clinical features and vaccination status in Omicron and non-Omicron infected patients during the third wave in Mumbai, India
Authors: Takke Apurva , Zarekar Mohini , Muthuraman Vigneshwaran , Ashar Aditee , Patil Kranti , Badhavkar Anagha , Trivedi Jayshil , Khargekar Naveen , Madkaikar Manisha , Banerjee Anindita 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
The Omicron variant–mediated COVID-19 wave is responsible for a global tsunami of cases. There is scarce data about the clinical and epidemiological characteristic analyses of the third wave. We present the data of COVID-19 patients from Mumbai region during the early third wave by taking S-gene target failure (SGTF) as a proxy for probable Omicron cases.

Methods:
We collected retrospective data of RT-PCR-confirmed (COVID-19) patients, and measured the proportion of possible Omicron cases by SGTF. We segregated and analyzed the clinical and lab data of patients with outcomes such as differing symptoms, vaccination coverage, previous infection, and travel history. We also performed a trend analysis of Mumbai’s COVID-19 data before and during the third wave.

Results:
All patients had mild clinical symptoms while few were asymptomatic. Myalgia was more significantly present in SGTF/Omicron cases compared to non-SGTF/Delta patients. Out of the total 101 COVID-positive individuals, 94 individuals (93%) had taken two doses of COVID vaccine. Among these 94 individuals, 9 (8.9%) had been previously infected with COVID 19 in the first or second waves. 77.7% of the previously infected were now infected with Omicron variant and only 22.3% by a non-Omicron variant.

Conclusion:
Rapid rise and fall during the third wave in Mumbai was due to Omicron cases gradually replacing Delta. The overall milder clinical spectrum in both Omicron and Delta cases imply that vaccines might not be effective against re-infection but can attenuate disease severity and mortality, as evident by high coverage of vaccination in the country.
Clinical presentation and outcomes of chronic kidney disease patients with COVID-19 admitted to the intensive care unit of a teaching hospital of Northern India during the third wave of the pandemic: A retrospective study
Authors: Kumar Rahul , Kumar Satish , Gupta Rahul , Kumar Bhupendra , Rajan Aditi , Chandra Supriya , Gupta Harish , Atam Virendra , Sonkar Sayendra Kumar 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients have impaired immune status; that’s why these patients are prone to develop infection-related complications. The current study compares non-haemodialysis chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease (NO-HD-CKD and ESRD, respectively) patient outcomes, the data of which is sparse.

Methods:
Patients diagnosed with COVID-19 infection through reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were retrospectively studied using electronic health records. Patients were divided into three categories: non-chronic kidney disease (NO-CKD), NO-HD-CKD, and ESRD, and the outcome was assessed.

Results:
Out of 745 patients, 92 (12.34%) had NO-HD-CKD and 31 (4.16%) had ESRD. CKD patients who were not on haemodialysis had higher rates of comorbidities and D-dimer and C-reactive protein (CRP) values compared to ESRD patients. The overall unadjusted mortality rate was found to be 17.44%, and it was 10.45% in case of NO-CKD patients, 58.69% for NO-HD-CKD patients, and 48.39% for ESRD patients. It was observed that patients having NO-HD-CKD had greater odds ratio of overall expiry in comparison to those without CKD in univariate analysis (OR: 1.58; 95% CI: 1.31–1.91). It was not significant in fully adjusted models (OR: 1.11; 95% CI: 0.88–1.40).

Conclusions:
During the third wave of COVID-19, we found higher mortality rates for cases with NO-HD-CKD and, to a lower extent, ESRD. However, patients with ESRD were observed to have good outcomes in comparison to those with NO-HD-CKD. Primary care physicians are the first point of contact for patients. Hence, it is critical for them to manage and to do proper referral of comorbid patients to higher centres.
Rising trend of dengue in urban areas: A challenge
Authors: Nimonkar Ravi , Ahmed Shafique , Thombre Rahul , Pardal Maninder Pal Singh , Yadav Arun , Teli Prabhakar 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT

Context:
Dengue, a mosquito-borne illness, is endemic over 100 countries around the world. Dengue cases have been on rise in India in the past decade. The present study was conducted to describe dengue cases of a ward in an urban area.

Aims:
To analyse the 5-year trend of cases of dengue fever, the 5-year trend of disease burden attributable to dengue as a proportion of all consultations, and the 5-year trend of mortality attributable to dengue as a proportion of all deaths in an urban area.

Settings:
The present study is a retrospective record-based study, carried out from January 2014 to December 2019.

Material and Methods:
Descriptive analysis was used to describe the cases. Standard statistical tools such as Chi square for linear trends were utilised for data analysis.

Results:
Except for a marginal dip in the year 2017, we observed that the trend of dengue significantly increased during the period of our study (Chi square for linear trend = 217.54; P = 0). We also observed a generally significantly increasing trend in burden of dengue as a disease, measured as a proportion of all consultations (Chi square for linear trend = 14302.72; P = 0). Mortality attributable to dengue measured as a ratio of deaths because of dengue and deaths because of all causes also shows a generally increasing trend with a slight decrease in 2018 (Chi square for linear trend = 371.24; P = 0).

Conclusion:
Dengue cases and the percentage of consultations attributable to dengue show an increasing trend over the past 5 years.
A cross-sectional study to develop an early risk prediction tool for gestational diabetes mellitus for antenatal women diagnosed with this condition based on their characteristics and past obstetric history
Authors: Dhutraj Pooja G. , Shinde Kiran P. , Singh Khushboo 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
In India, the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is estimated to be 10%–14.3%, which is higher than in Western countries. Out of 10 pregnancies, one is associated with diabetes, and 90% of them are GDM. GDM influences not only maternal complications but also neonatal complications. Moreover, women with GDM and their children are at increased risk of developing type-2 diabetes later.

Method and Material:
A cross-sectional study was conducted on 220 patients to develop an early risk prediction tool for GDM for antenatal women diagnosed with this condition based on their characteristics and past obstetric history.

Results:
The mean age (in years) of patients in the study was 27.69 ± 5.07. One hundred and twenty-six patients (57.27%) had a family history of DM in their first relatives. Eighty-three (58.86%) patients had a history of complications in a previous pregnancy.

Conclusion:
The early risk predictor tool with age, prepregnancy, body mass index (BMI), family history of DM, gravidity, past history of menstrual cycle, and complications in a previous pregnancy was easy to operate, and all predictors were easily obtained in the first trimester in primary healthcare centers.
Factors associated with development of adverse events after taking COVID-19 vaccine in a tribal state of India: Regression analysis
Authors: Kujur Manisha , Kiran Kumari Asha , Nag Alka Rashmi , Soren Santosh Kumar , Kujur Anit 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTBackground:Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccination becomes a crucial weapon in the pandemic’s control. Two vaccines, Covishield and Covaxin, are approved in India to vaccinate against the virus. Hence, the present study was done to determine the factors associated with the development of adverse events after taking the COVID-19 vaccine in a tribal state of India.Materials and Methods:This was a cross-sectional analytical study. All persons who were willing to participate in our study and had received the first or second dose of the COVID-19 vaccine from January 1 to March 31, 2021, were included. We got 1497 complete responses via (free, web-based Google Docs Editors suite offered by google, Founders- Larry Page Sergey Brin. Menlo Park, California, United States). So our final sample size came out to be 1497 in which analysis was done. The data was compiled in MS excel sheets (Microsoft version 2013, Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, Washington, United States) and a template was generated which was further analyzed in SPSS version 20 (version 25.0; IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA).Results:The total number of respondents who participated in the surveillance of adverse events following immunization (AEFI) was 1497. Among them, a majority have taken the Covishield vaccine followed by Covaxin. The majority of participants were female of age group less than 30 years and above 18 years with a mean age of 33.63 ± 51.51. The most common AEFI was pain at the site of injection, after the first and second dose followed by fever after the first and second dose within 24 h following immunization.Conclusion:We conclude that factors like the type of vaccine, gender, and participants who have allergies have a higher risk of presenting the adverse events after the COVID-19 vaccination.
Characteristics and outcomes of parturients with COVID-19, admitted to a critical care unit: A single-center retrospective observational study
Authors: Ray Ananya , Samra Tanvir , Mahajan Varun , Singla Karan , Naik B Naveen , Joshi Bharti , Ashok Vighnesh , Suri Vanita , Singh Mini , Ghosh Arnab , Puri Goverdhan Dutt 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Data on outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in pregnancy are scarce, although they represent a unique physiological state affecting both the mother and child. We present collated data from a tertiary care center in North India, encompassing the outcome, clinical characteristics, and management of these patients.

Materials and Methods:
Parturients ≥ 18 years old, with COVID-19 reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission at a tertiary care hospital were included. Data were retrospectively collected from April 2020 to November 2021.

Results:
In all, 26 parturients were admitted to ICU with COVID-19. Five patients were admitted during the first wave, and all were asymptomatic. Twenty-one patients presented during the second wave (March 2021 onward), among which four were asymptomatic and 17 symptomatic (all with severe pneumonia). Three patients presented in the second trimester, all with critical disease, out of which one did not survive. Two patients had twin gestation, and others were singleton pregnancies. Seven patients (27%) were primigravida, and five patients (19.2%) had more than third pregnancy. Twenty critically ill women (77%) delivered during the hospital stay. Six patients died during the second wave, and four deaths (66.7%) were because of COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).

Conclusions:
The number of admissions and mortality related to COVID-19 ARDS was higher in the second wave than in the first. We report the safe use of remdesivir and tocilizumab in our patients.
Hospital mortality among COVID-19 patients – Experience of a multi-disciplinary tertiary care teaching hospital of Chhattisgarh in Central India
Authors: Baruah Tridip Dutta , Kannauje Pankaj Kumar , Ray Rubik , Borkar Nitin , Panigrahi Sunil , Kumar Deepak , Pathak Madhumallika , Biswas Debarati 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
The mortality from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and the severity of it vary among populations. There is a dearth of research on epidemiology and clinical outcomes in central Indian populations with COVID-19. Our aim was to provide an analysis of all hospitalized mortality among patients with COVID-19 infection in a tertiary care hospital of Chhattisgarh in central India. This analysis helped us to know the severity predictors for mortality and in future will help the authorities to formulate a plan to decrease the mortality in the epidemic or uncertain ongoing pandemic.

Methodology:
This was a retrospective observational study using the hospital-based record of multi-disciplinary teaching hospital in Chhattisgarh, India. All COVID-19 reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction-positive patients who were declared dead or died during the course of treatment from April 1, 2020 to March 31, 2021 were included in the study. In-hospital mortality was the primary outcome of interest. In secondary analysis, age and gender distribution, co-morbidity, length of stay, and the cause of death were also investigated.

Results:
A total of 7495 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 were enrolled in the study, of whom 762 (10.16%) died in the hospital with COVID-19 as the primary cause of death. The majority of the patients were more than 60 years of age (45.7%). A total of 416 (54.4%) of the deceased patients were having co-morbidity with diabetes (13.4%), hypertension (16.4%), or both (24.4%). The majority of the patients who succumbed had a hospital stay of less than a week (≤7) (68.5%). More than half of the patients (58.3%) who expired had referred and reported to the hospital in the second or third week of illness. The respiratory system involvement was the dominant contributor of death with pneumonia (78.8%) being the most common cause, followed by acute respiratory distress syndrome (62.2%). 13.6% of expired patients had multiple system involvement, and 11.2% had sepsis as well.

Conclusion:
Mortality in COVID-19 patients was associated with advanced age, co-morbidities such as diabetes and hypertension, and delay in hospitalization. These are high-risk groups and should be vaccinated against COVID-19 on priority.
A cross-sectional survey: The “Saudi guidelines for the prevention and management of obesity”: Awareness and adaptation in Al-Qassim province
Authors: Altowayan Waleed M. , Albidah Abdulaziz M. , Mohana Abdulrhman I. , Alharbi Khalid S. 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Obesity and overweight are major health problems in Saudi Arabia. In response, with reference to studies both local and from abroad, the Saudi Ministry of Health and the Saudi Arabian Society of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery recently published the “Saudi Guidelines for the Prevention and Management of Obesity.”

Aims:
We sought to investigate the awareness of and adherence to the “Guidelines” among health care professionals (HCPs) specializing in obesity in Al-Qassim province, Saudi Arabia.

Settings and Design:
Al-Qassim province, cross-sectional survey.

Methods and Materials:
In a cross-sectional survey, a three-part questionnaire (i.e., demographic background, information about obesity, and information about the “Guidelines”) was distributed among HCPs in Al-Qassim province from January to April 2019. Data analysis was performed in Microsoft Excel.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Data analysis was performed in Microsoft Excel.

Results:
Among the 72 HCPs who completed and returned the survey, knowledge of the “Guidelines” was low (40.3%). Most were not even aware of the document’s existence (59.7%), and most had not received any training regarding the Saudi obesity control program (55%).

Conclusions:
The survey’s findings suggest that HCPs in Al-Qassim province have limited knowledge about the “Saudi Guidelines for the Prevention and Management of Obesity” and are mostly unaware of the document’s existence. Even so, the overwhelming majority (82.8%) of HCPs who were aware have implemented the “Guidelines” in their clinical practice.
The impact of climate change on the burden of snakebite: Evidence synthesis and implications for primary healthcare
Authors: Bhaumik Soumyadeep , Beri Deepti , Jagnoor Jagnoor 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Snakebite is a public health problem in rural areas of South Asia, Africa and South America presenting mostly in primary care. Climate change and associated extreme weather events are expected to modify the snake-human-environment interface leading to a change in the burden of snakebite. Understanding this change is essential to ensure the preparedness of primary care and public health systems.

Methods:
We searched five electronic databases and supplemented them with other methods to identify eight studies on the effect of climate change on the burden of snakebite. We summarised the results thematically.

Results:
Available evidence is limited but estimates a geographic shift in risk of snakebite: northwards in North America and southwards in South America and in Mozambique. One study from Sri Lanka estimated a 31.3% increase in the incidence of snakebite. Based on limited evidence, the incidence of snakebite was not associated with tropical storms/hurricanes and droughts in the United States but associated with heatwaves in Israel.

Conclusion:
The impact of climate change and associated extreme weather events and anthropogenic changes on mortality, morbidity and socioeconomic burden of snakebite. Transdisciplinary approaches can help understand these complex phenomena better. There is almost no evidence available in high-burden nations of South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. Community-based approaches for biodiversity and prevention, the institution of longitudinal studies, together with improving the resilience of primary care and public health systems are required to mitigate the impact of climate change on snakebite.
Prevalence and effect of body dysmorphic disorder in females at Madinah, Saudi Arabia
Authors: AlOtaibi Asma M. , Almuzaini Mansour M. , Alotaibi Mzoun A. , Alotaibi Razan M. 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
In the United States of America, the prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is believed to be 2% of the general population. There is a scarcity of evidence in Saudi Arabia on the incidence of BDD and its consequences. The significance of this study is to raise awareness of the problem, provide information, and determine the disease prevalence. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and effects of BDD in female university students.

Materials and Methods:
This was a descriptive cross-sectional study done in Al-Rayan Colleges in Madina, Saudi Arabia. All females from age 18 to 30 years were enrolled in this study. A total sample size of 286 was calculated with Epi-Info software. For data analysis, Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26 was used.

Results:
There were 286 participants in this study. Majority of the 280 participants (97.9%) were between the ages of 18 and 30 years. The prevalence of BDD was 14.68%. When comparing social avoidance to BDD, it was discovered that 29/42 people with BDD avoid social contact, with a P value of 0.001. Majority of the participants with BDD spent more than 4 h per day on social media, while 13/42 spent between 2 and 4 h per day on social media (P = 0.828). When comparing cosmetic intervention to the BDD individuals, it was discovered that all the BDD participants wished to do the cosmetic procedures (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
The current study sheds light on the current state of BDD in the most vulnerable section of the general population. Throughout the study, we discovered that BDD is a common ailment that affects 14.68% of female Saudi youths. The majority of BDD participants avoid social gatherings, avoid visiting friends, and refuse to leave the house. On top of that, people with BDD wish to undergo cosmetic operations such as skin color changes and skin peeling.
Estimation of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG titre among blood donors in Ranchi
Authors: Kumari Sushma , Saroj Usha , Verma Ashwini , Kumar Abhay 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Coronavirus disease 2019 is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), also known as novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). The disease presentation ranges from asymptomatic to severe acute respiratory failure requiring intensive care support. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies are developed either by natural infection from SARS-CoV-2 or by vaccination against COVID-19. The persistence of IgG antibodies allows identification of the people who have been infected in the past, recovered from illness, and possibly become immune. 7 IgG detection and other serological assays will play an important role in research and surveillance.

Aims and Objective:
The objective of the study is to assess anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG titre among blood donors and to assess the decreasing incidence of COVID-19 in the department of blood bank, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, Jharkhand.

Materials and Methods:
An observational, cross-sectional study was conducted at the department of blood bank, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, Jharkhand over a period of 2 months and 14 days from 06 February 2021 to 20 April 2021 who donated at least one unit of blood.

Results:
This study recorded a greater number of male donors with B+ blood group. The anti-SARS-CoV-2 titre were mostly young adults between 18 and 31 years of age.

Conclusion:
Seroprevalence was high in males having blood group B+ between 18 and 32 years of age.
A retrospective study to find the prevalence of HIV, HCV and dual HIV-HCV infection in the prison inmates
Authors: Singh Gur Parkash , Lata Sneh , Swu Anato K. , Virk Navdeep Singh , Singh Jasjeet , Thakkar Suneer 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
People who inject drugs are vastly over-represented, often accounting for 50% of prison inmates, so, the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and tuberculosis (TB) is a serious problem in many prison systems. The prevalence of HCV infection is so disproportionately high in the correctional population that one in four detainees worldwide is living with HCV and the story is similar for HIV.

Objective:
The objective of the study is to find the prevalence of HIV, HCV and dual HIV-HCV infection in the prison inmates.

Materials and Methods:
A sample of 1569 jail inmates was assessed, after obtaining formal approval from the ethical committee for assessment of the medical record of subjects, to know sero-positivity for HIV and HCV. The data generated is then analysed.

Results:
The results show a very high point prevalence of HIV (10.0%) and HCV (31.6%) in the jail inmates, which is 40 and 30 times higher, respectively, as compared to the national average. A staggering 8.5% of the inmates were found to be positive for both viruses. The sero-prevalence for mono-infection for HCV (23.1%) is found to be significantly higher compared to HIV (1.5%). The infection rate of HCV was found to be three times higher compared to HIV.

Conclusions:
Substantially high prevalence of HIV, HCV and dual HIV-HCV infection exists in the prison inmates. Data suggests high virulence for HCV compared to HIV, as both viruses have common routes of transmission. There is an urgent need to keep a constant check on the intravenous drug usage (IDU) in the prisons that is linked to the common transmission of both these blood-borne viruses.