bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vitro screening of non-antibiotic components to mitigate intestinal lesions caused by Brachyspira hyodysenteriae, Lawsonia intracellularis and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.
Authors: de Groot Nienke , Meneguzzi Mariana , de Souza Barbara , Costa Matheus de O. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
swine dysentery, ileitis, and porcine salmonellosis are production-limiting diseases global importance in swine production. They are caused by infection with Brachyspira hyodysenteriae, Lawsonia intracellularis, and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, respectively. Currently, the prevention, treatment, and control of these diseases still rely on antimicrobials. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of four commercially available non-antimicrobial compounds in preventing lesions caused by the bacteria cited above using an in vitro intestinal culture model. A total of five pigs per pathogen were used. For compounds F (a fungal fermented rye), S (a blend of short and medium chain fatty acids) and P (a synergistic blend of short and medium chain fatty acids, including coated butyrates) a total of 4 explants/pig for each treatment were used, while for compound D (an extract of carob and thyme) only 12 explants/pig for each treatment were used. Explants were exposed to a combination of pathogen only (n = 4/compound/pig), compound only (n = 4/compound/pig) or pathogen and compound (n = 4/compound/pig) and sampled a two time-points. Histopathology and gene expression levels were evaluated to investigate the treatment effect on exaplnts. Results: short and medium-chain fatty acids, and an extract of carob and thyme can mitigate lesions due to B. hyodysenteriae exposure. A fungal fermented prebiotic increased healthy epithelial coverage when explants were exposed to L. intracellularis or S. Typhimurium. Conclusions: these findings are a step towards finding alternatives to antimicrobials usage and control of swine dysentery, ileitis, and salmonellosis in pork production.
The effect of the automatic notification of catheter days on reducing central line-related bloodstream infection
Authors: Bae Sohyun , Kim Yoonjung , Chang Hyun-Ha , Kim Sungjin , Kim Hyun-Ji , Jeon Hyeyoung , Cho Juhee , Lee Juyoung , Chae Hwajin , Han Gyeongmin , Kim Shin-Woo 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
A central venous catheter (CVC) is an important medical device, but it could be preceding infection and the risk of central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI). CLABSI is a common healthcare-associated infection but results in high cost and mortality; therefore, various efforts to reduce CLABSI have been attempted.
Methods
We reviewed and analysed the data of CLABSI rates and days from the insertion to the removal of the temporary central venous catheter between January 2018 and June 2021 in the intensive care unit (ICU) of a single tertiary care hospital. Sequentially, all patients with the CVC in the ICU underwent the following interventions: maximal barrier precaution, automatic notification of catheter days and 2% chlorhexidine gluconate bathing. An independent sample t-test was used to compare the CLABSI rates, which were shown using time-series design. In the pre-intervention period, the risk factors for CLABSI in patients with short-term CVC were evaluated using multivariate logistic regression analyses.
Results
A total of 101342 patient-days, 6378 catheter days and 86 CLABSI cases were reviewed in ICU-hospitalised patients. As additional interventions, the CLABSI rate declined from 3.1 per 1000 CVC days to 1.2 per 1000 CVC days in post-interventions. Of 5275 ICU-hospitalised patients, 2229 in the pre-intervention period had one more short-term CVC. Medical ICU, the number of indwelling CVCs and the indwelling time of the central catheter beyond 10 days were the risk factors for CLABSI in short-term CVC (odds ratio (OR), 2.56 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.32–4.88]; OR, 1.32 [95% CI, 1.07–1.59]; and OR, 8.21 [95% CI, 3.90–18.88], respectively). Of the three interventions, the automatic notification of catheter days was associated with decreased median monthly total central catheter days and duration of CVC days per patient.
Conclusions
Our study suggests that multidisciplinary and evidence-based interventions rather than one effort are associated with a prominent reduction in the CLABSI rates. Moreover, the automatic notification of catheter days of the electronic medical healthcare system has shortened the time of indwelling central catheter.
Microplastic contamination in bathhouses in the middle Amazon region, Itacoatiara, Brazil
Authors: Sant'Anna Bruno , Oliveira Leovando Gama , Hattori Gustavo Yomar 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The number of investigations has increased worldwide about the abundance and distribution of microplastics in different water bodies and biota. This study investigated microplastic contamination in bathhouses in the Middle Amazon, in Itacoatiara, AM, Brazil. A total of 202 microplastic particles were recorded in the five investigated areas used for recreation. These results indicate no significant difference in the number of microplastic particles between bathhouses (KW = 7.4805; P = 0.1126). The size of the microplastic particles differed significantly between the bathhouses (KW = 40.9582; P = 0.0001). Both blue and red microplastic particles were recorded, with blue particles being the most abundant. The microplastic particles were in the form of fibers and fragments. The number of microplastic particles (U = 7.4686; P = 0.0001) was significantly different between the areas within and adjacent to the bathhouses; however, the size of microplastic particles were not significantly different in the areas within and areas adjacent to the bathhouses (U = 0.6505; P = 0.5154). There was no significant correlation in the bathhouses between their frequency of use and contamination (number of microplastic particles) (rs = 0.4472; P = 0.4502). The results of this study indicate that microplastics are present in the bathhouses of the Middle Amazon and that contamination in areas used for recreation is significantly higher than in areas not used for this purpose.
Weight gain trajectories patterns from pregnancy to early postpartum: identifying women at risk and timing to prevent weight regain
Authors: Muñoz-Manrique Cinthya , Trejo-Valdivia Belem , Hernández-Cordero Sonia , Cantoral Alejandra , Deierlein Andrea L. , Colicino Elena , Niedzwiecki Megan M. , Wright Robert O. , Baccarelli Andrea A. , Téllez-Rojo Martha María 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Woman's weight changes during pregnancy and postpartum contribute to obesity and health outcomes later in life. This study aimed to identify and characterize weight change trajectories from pregnancy to one year postpartum among adult women.
Methods
We used data from an ongoing cohort of healthy adult women (n = 819) with singleton pregnancies from 2007–2011. Sociodemographic data, pre-pregnancy body weight, and sedentary and breastfeeding practices were collected. We applied a group-based trajectory modeling to distinguish weight change measured in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy and at one month, six, and 12 months postpartum. Multinomial regression models were run to characterize each trajectory.
Results
We identified six weight change trajectories with the main difference in the patterns followed after one month of delivery. One in three women (36.7%), classified in some of the three postpartum weight gain trajectories, started to gain weight at the second or third trimester of the first year postpartum. Women who followed some of these trajectories were more likely to have higher age, obesity before pregnancy, < 10 years of schooling, and partner, compared with women (10.7%, n = 87) in a postpartum sustained-fast-lost-weight trajectory (p < 0.05).
Conclusions
Women with obesity before pregnancy have a higher odd of regained gestational weight after delivery without reaching their pre-pregnancy weight. The first six months postpartum are key to establishing obesity prevention strategies. Further research is needed to evaluate the effect of the interventions that prevent substantial weight gain through reproductive years in high-risk women.
Impact of Differentiated Service Delivery Models on Retention and Viral Load Suppression among Art Clients in Communities in Eastern Uganda
Authors: Brian Jemba , Waiswa Sinani , Balinaine Joseph , Lomuria Rosaria , Nabutanyi Gift Gloria , Ongala Emmanuel , Opus Benjamin , Iramiot Jacob Stanley , Oboth Paul , Olwedo Mary Anwola , Nekaka Rebecca 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
; Although Uganda rolled out Differentiated Service Delivery models in 2017 to improve retention and achieve viral load suppression, these have remained low relative to UNAIDs targets of 95-95-95 by 2030. We determined the impact of facility and community DSD Models on viral load suppression and retention among ART clients in Katakwi district in North Eastern Uganda.
Methods;
A retrospective cohort study of all ART clients in the different approaches of DSD models who were active by 2017, were followed up to 2020. The primary outcomes were retention and viral load suppression of ART clients in different approaches. Eight health facilities providing ART services were purposively sampled and 771 ART clients were sampled out by simple random sampling out of 4742 total population on ART in Katakwi district. We analysed retention, viral load suppression, and their determinants by logistic regression method using STATA.
Results;
A total of 771 participants were sampled of whom 42.7% were male and 57.3% were females, with the mean age being 40 years. While retention rates at 95% CI of participants were 99.35% at 12 months, 94.03 at 24 months, 89.88% at 36months, and 84.57% at 48months. The viral load suppression rates were57.3% at 12 months, 70.3% at 24 months, 70.3% at 36 months, and 69% at 48 months. Retention was higher in the community-based DSD model as compared with the facility-based model. Viral load suppression was higher in the community-based DSD models in which CDDP had the highest achievement (92%) followed by CCLAD (79%) compared to the facility-based DSD models in which FBIM performance (34.3%) was far below the set standard of 95%, followed by FBG (65%) with FTDR having relatively better performance (80.9%).Being 40–59 years, receiving care from the general hospital, being married, having good current adherence, being on the first line of the current regimen, and being a female as other predictors of viral load suppression whereas being 40–59 years of age, having good current adherence, being on the current first-line regimen, and having no comorbidities were predictors of good retention.
Conclusions;
Both facility and community-based DSD models have led to improved retention and viral load suppression however community-based models have shown to be more effective than facility-based models through mitigation of barriers to effective HIV/AIDS care of patients on ART. Viral load suppression remained low below the UNAIDs target of 95% by 2030 albeit it improved over time.
Fumigant toxicity and behavioral inhibition of garlic and its volatile compounds against red imported fire ants (Solenopsis Invicta)
Authors: Song Zixia , Wang Yongqing , Li Chao , Tan Yuting , Wu Jian , Zhang Zhixiang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In order to control the Solenopsis invicta (S.invicta) in a safe and ecofriendly manner, this study evaluated the fumigating activity of garlic and the effect of behavior of S. invicta. The volatile compounds and chemical constituents from garlic were collected by solid phase micro-extraction and identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed that the garlic contains 21 compounds, diallyl disulfide (46.51%) and (E) - 1 - Allyl - 2 - (prop - 1 - en - 1 - yl) disulfane (34.68%) were the main ingredients in garlic. In addition, the garlic showed strong fumigate activity and behavioral inhibition against workers. The LC50 of diallyl disulfide and methyl allyl disulfide against S.invicta at 12h is 0.05 and 0.07μl/L, respectively. The grasping and walking abilities of ants were significantly suppressed. Moreover minor workers were more susceptible than major workers. Thus S.invicta can be controlled with garlic and some of its compounds as an eco-friendly approach. Results from the study could provide valuable advances for future fumigant development and possible utility in fumigant use.
Adaptive fixed-time synchronization of Lorenz systems with application in chaotic finance systems
Authors: Ma Ru-ru , Wu Jie , Wu Kexing , Pan Xiaohong 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This paper concerns the problem of fixed-time synchronization(FxS) of master-slave Lorenz systems. The adaptive control and fixed-time control strategies are successfully integrated so that not only the Lorenz systems can be synchronized within a fixed-time, but also the related controlling gains are not necessary to select beforehand. Distinguished from the conventional fixed-time control schemes, the proposed controller don't contain the signum function anymore, thereby the chattering behavior is avoided owing to its smoothness. The synchronizing condition is deduced according to the theory of fixed-time stability, and the upper bound of settling time is also estimated, which is irrelevant to the initial states of Lorenz systems. Apart from the correctness and effectiveness of theoretical analysis is validated by simulating Lorenz systems, the spirit of adaptive fixed-time control strategy is applied into synchronizing two finance systems finally.
Charlson Comorbidity Index is correlated with readmission within six months in patients with heart failure: A retrospective cohort study in China
Authors: Sheng Song , Xu Feng-qin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) is positively associated with readmission in patients with heart failure (HF) in western countries. However, there is a scarcity of strong scientific evidence supporting the correlation in China. This study aimed at testing this hypothesis among patients with HF in China. Methods We conducted an analysis of 2,003 patients with HF in Zigong Fourth People’s Hospital in China between December 2016 to June 2019. Logistic regression models were used to study the hypotheses, with adjustments for the four regression models. We also explore the linear trend and possible nonlinear relationship between CCI and the endpoints. Additionally, CCI alone was used to predict the readmission within six months and areas under the curve (AUC), accuracy, sensitivity and specificity and were reported to evaluate the performance of the predicted model. Results In the adjusted II model, CCI was an independent prognostic factor for readmission within six months in patients with HF (OR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.03–1.26, P = 0.0127). Trend tests revealed that there was a significant linear trend for the association. A nonlinear association was identified between them and the inflection point of CCI was 1. ROC analysis indicated CCI alone were inadequate for prediction with low AUC, accuracy, sensitivity and specificity. Conclusion CCI was independently positively correlated with readmission within six months in patients with HF in Chinese population. However, CCI alone has limited value on predicting readmission within six months in patients with HF.
Evaluation the effect of the temperature and the type of plastic waste feedstock on the thermal pyrolytic oil fuel.
Authors: A.Ali Abd Elhafiz Abd Elhamid , Saad Seddik , rabia Salah 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Recently, the pyrolysis pops up as an effective and appropriate method to benefit from plastic waste and converting it into fuel, which has been addressed by many scientific studies, in this current practical study, six types of plastic waste (PP, PS, LDPE, PET, HDPE and plastic waste mixture PWM) were used to study the influence of the various temperatures (400, 450, 500, 550 and 600 oC) on the amount of oil was produced from a thermal pyrolysis using a semi batch reactor 2.3 liter capacity, the experiments showed that, When oil is the preferred product of the pyrolysis process, PS type produced the large amount of oil (82.5%) by mass analysis at optimum temperature 450 oC, on the other side PET produced the best amount of gas (85%) at 600 oC therefore PET was the most appropriate choice when the gas form is the preferred product, temperature had a great effect on the pyrolysis products, at low temperature, the char product was the dominant product from pyrolysis, the oil product clearly appear with the temperature gradually rising for almost types of plastic which does not last as the temperature continues to increase, at high temperature the gas percentage increases at the expense of the liquid percentage decreases
The disease burden of migraine patients receiving prophylactic treatments in Korea: A population-based claims database analysis
Authors: Park Seonyoung , Han Sola , Suh Hae Sun 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Despite guideline recommendations, the limited benefits and failure of prophylactic treatment in patients with migraine have been reported. This study aimed to estimate the incremental burden (i.e., healthcare resource use and cost) of disease in patients who received at least one prophylactic treatment compared to those who did not.Methods: This study analyzed the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service database, which covers the entire population of Korea from December 2014 to November 2019. We included adult patients with migraine (≥18 years) who had ≥1 claim with migraine diagnosis (G43) or received ≥1 prescription of triptan or ergotamine between December 2015 and November 2018. We defined two groups: (1) migraine patients who received at least one prophylactic treatment (prophylaxis group) and (2) migraine patients who never received prophylactic treatments (non-prophylaxis group). We performed propensity score matching to balance the baseline covariates between the two groups. In a matched cohort, we estimated healthcare resource use and costs in terms of outpatient visits, outpatient visits to neurologists, emergency department (ED) visits, and hospitalizations.Results: After matching, 633,709 and 633,709 patients were identified in the prophylaxis and non-prophylaxis groups, respectively. The healthcare resource utilization was significantly higher in the prophylaxis group than in the non-prophylaxis group in terms of the number of outpatient visits (2.34 vs 1.70), outpatient visits to neurologists (2.23 vs 1.61), ED visits (1.07 vs 1.05), and hospitalizations (1.12 vs 1.09) (all P < 0.05). The estimated annual costs per patient were significantly higher in the prophylaxis group than in the non-prophylaxis group for outpatient (102.37 USD vs. 62.46 USD), neurology outpatient (141.80 USD vs. 120.30 USD), and ED visits (550.51 USD vs. 234.14 USD) and hospitalization (817.01 USD vs. 645.97 USD) (all P < 0.001).Conclusions: Migraine patients who received ≥1 prophylactic treatment had a higher burden of disease than migraine patients who received no prophylaxis. This indicates that despite migraine prophylaxis, the migraine-related disease burden remains high, and more efficient migraine prophylaxis strategies are needed.
Lack of a caregiver is associated with shorter survival in myeloma patients undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation
Authors: Gertz Morie A , Warsame Rahma , Muchtar Eli , Buadi Frances , Dispenzieri Angela , Gonsalves Wilson , Dingli David , Hayman Suzanne , Kapoor Prashant , Kourelis Taxiarchis , Kumar Shaji K , Lacy Martha , Hogan William 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Introduction: There is evidence that lack of a social network is a link to inferior outcomes in cancer patients. Mayo clinic performs all its stem cell transplants for multiple myeloma patients as an outpatient. This requires a full-time chaperone or caregiver for the duration of the transplant. Patients who do not have a caregiver are hospitalized for the duration of the transplant. In this study we compared outcomes between patients hospitalized for the entire transplant and those who have a caregiver and are initially managed as an outpatient.Materials and methods: All patients with multiple myeloma transplanted at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester Minnesota between 1/1/2000 and 12/31/2019 were included for analysis. Patient had to have been transplanted within 12 months of the original diagnosis. The definition of inpatient transplantation was hospitalization prior to day 0 of transplantation for conditioning and continued hospitalization until evidence of neutrophil engraftment occurred.Results: There were 41 patients who were considered inpatient transplants and 2103 that were outpatient transplants. The patients were well balanced for age, sex, serum creatinine, and international stage at diagnosis. For inpatient transplants the median days in the hospital was 21 (interquartile range 18 to 28). For outpatient transplants the median number of days in the hospital was 0 (interquartile range 0 to 6). Relapse free survival was not significantly different between the 2 groups, but overall survival was 95 versus 58 months favoring those that had transplantation as an outpatient (p=.0008). Conclusion: There appears to be in association between myeloma patients that lack a caregiver and require inpatient stem cell transplantation and overall survival.
Impact of clinical pharmacist services on physicians' guideline compliance and prognosis of patients for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in ICU
Authors: Zhang Li , Wang Yan , Zhang Kanghuai , Li Ping , Qiao Yuan , Wang Haitao , Cai Yan , Wang Na , Liu Chenwei , Fang Yu 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose Whether the clinical pharmacist services (CPS) improve ICU physicians' compliance with venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis guidelines remains unclear, and its impact on VTE incidence and mortality in ICU patients should also be investigated.Methods ICU patients were assigned to CPS group or control group according to the medical arrangements of the day of patient admission without any intervention. The impact of CPS on guideline compliance, VTE incidence, and mortality was assessed.Results A total of 338 patients were included. With pharmacist intervention, ICU physicians' compliance with VTE prophylaxis guideline was improved by 7%–25% (p < 0.001). The incidences of VTE (9% vs 17%, p = 0.037) and bleeding events (5% vs 11%, p = 0.042) were both lower in the CPS group than in the control group. Multivariate Cox regression model showed that CPS was an independent risk factor for VTE events (HR = 0.438, 95% CI = 0.224–0.857, p = 0.016) and 14-day mortality (HR = 0.416, 95%CI = 0.25–0.692, p = 0.001).Conclusion CPS could significantly improve ICU physician compliance with VTE prophylaxis guidelines and reduce the incidence of VTE events and mortality in ICU patients. Clinical pharmacists should be involved in the daily management of ICU patients as an important member.