bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid and accurate quantification of isomiRs by RT-qPCR
Authors: Franco Sandra , Pluvinet Raquel , Sanchez-Herrero Jose Francisco , Sumoy Lauro , Martinez Miguel Angel 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCurrently, microRNAs (miRs) are annotated as a single defined sequence (canonical), even though high-throughput small RNA sequencing has identified miR isoforms (isomiRs) that differ from their canonical counterparts in length, sequence, or both. Here we describe a simple reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR)-based assay for quantification of the miR-100-5p_iso_3p:−2 variant. We chose miR-100-5p because the canonical sequence was underrepresented in our evaluation of human plasma. The quantification of miR-100-5p_iso_3 p:−2 from 57 plasma samples demonstrated high concordance between high-throughput RNA sequencing and RT-qPCR results (r = 0.55, p < 0.0001). Of note, we could not detect or quantify miR-100-5p in our plasma samples using a commercial TaqMan canonical miR-100-5p RT-qPCR kit. With these 57 samples, we also adapted this assay to specifically quantify the canonical sequences of miR-122-5p and miR-192-5p. Similar to the results obtained with miR-100-5p_iso_3p:−2, RT-qPCR results for miR-122-5p and miR-192-5p highly correlated with high-throughput RNA sequencing data (miR-122-5p: r = 0.44, p = 0.0005; miR-192-5p: r = 0.72, p < 0.0001). The assay described here can be easily adapted to many different identified isomiRs. Because of the high specificity of isomiRs, their reliable RT-qPCR-based quantification could provide greater resolution and higher accuracy than using canonical sequences.
A Systematic Review of Interventions for Late Talkers: Intervention Approaches, Elements, and Vocabulary Outcomes
Authors: Carson Lynn , Baker Elise , Munro Natalie 
Published: October 2022

Purpose:
The aim of this systematic review was to examine the empirical evidence on interventions for late talkers between 18 and 42 months according to type of intervention approach (direct, indirect, and hybrid), reporting of intervention elements, and outcomes for receptive and expressive vocabulary.

Method:
This review was registered with PROSPERO and followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. Eleven databases were systematically searched with 34 intervention studies involving 1,207 participants meeting criteria. Studies were categorized as using a direct, indirect, or hybrid intervention approach, then examined according to intervention elements, vocabulary outcomes, as well as reported tools and type of score used to evaluate outcomes.

Results:
Across 34 studies, nine used a direct intervention approach, 10 an indirect intervention approach, and 14 a hybrid intervention approach. One study compared direct and hybrid intervention approaches. All indirect and hybrid approaches included parent training; direct approaches did not. The type and degree of reporting of other intervention elements, as well as the tools and type of score used to evaluate outcomes, varied within and across approaches. Overall, improvements in expressive vocabulary were reported by 93% of studies, with variable results for the nine studies reporting receptive vocabulary outcomes.

Conclusions:
The direct, indirect, and hybrid intervention approaches were typified by specific intervention elements; however, there was diversity in how other elements comprising the approaches were arranged. When making decisions about which intervention approach to use, clinicians need to be mindful of the differences among approaches, how they discuss those differences with parents, and which approaches and elements might be best suited to individual children and their families.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.21291405
Local robust stability on compact set for nonlinear systems with continuous time controller against to aperiodic sampling and disturbance
Authors: Umemoto Kazuki , Endo Takahiro , Matsuno Fumitoshi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this study, the stability of a sampled‐value control system with time‐ and state‐dependent disturbance and aperiodic sampling is investigated. To expand the application class of the sampled‐value controller, the local stability on a compact set is considered under the assumption of local Lipschitz continuity on the compact set. Because the assumption is weaker than the global Lipschitz continuity, the proposed stability analysis is applicable to a wider class of controlled systems. Global stability under the assumption of global Lipschitz continuity is also considered. The effectiveness of the derived stability condition is verified by conducting numerical simulations with some control parameters variations such as the disturbance magnitude and sample interval.
Multi‐task few‐shot learning with composed data augmentation for image classification
Authors: Zhang Rui , Yang Yixin , Li Yang , Wang Jiabao , Li Hang , Miao Zhuang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFew‐shot learning (FSL) attempts to learn and optimise the model from a few examples on image classification, which is still threatened by data scarcity. To generate more data as supplements, data augmentation is considered as a powerful and popular technique to enhance the robustness of few‐shot models. However, there are still some weaknesses in applying augmentation methods. For example, all augmented samples have similar semantic information with respect to different augmented transformations, which makes these traditional augmentation methods incapable of learning the property being varied. To address this challenge, we introduce multi‐task learning to learn a primary few‐shot classification task and an auxiliary self‐supervised task, simultaneously. The self‐supervised task can learn transformation property as auxiliary self‐supervision signals to improve the performance of the primary few‐shot classification task. Additionally, we propose a simple, flexible, and effective mechanism for decision fusion to further improve the reliability of the classifier, named model‐agnostic ensemble inference (MAEI). Specifically, the MAEI mechanism can eliminate the influence of outliers for FSL using non‐maximum suppression. Extensive experiment results demonstrate that our method can outperform other state‐of‐the‐art methods by large margins.
JPL/Caltech ArtCenter
Authors: Hendrie Maggie , Mushkin Hillary , Lombeyda Santiago , Davidoff Scott 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Data visualization frequently provides audiences with novel semantic and computational presentations. How does a
multifaceted team expand this scope by harnessing the power of visualization as a tool to think with? The NASA JPL/Caltech/
ArtCenter data visualization program demonstrates how scientific knowledge, shaped from data and theory, is equally co-constructed
from diverse human perspectives. We will share case studies from Mars Rover Path planning and PIXLISE, a visual reasoning tool for
understanding planetary geology. Working from source data through mixed media artifacts, these projects explore co-design methods
for complex scientific domains with real-world applications. Our methodology emphasizes that all participants in the co-design
process are both learners and experts. In this dynamic, the design and coding process are unique modes of critical discovery.
Study of the adiabatic passage in tripod atomic systems in terms of the Riemannian geometry of the Bloch sphere
Authors: Cinins Arturs , Bruvelis Martins , Bezuglov Nikolai N 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We present an analysis of the stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) processes based on the methods of differential geometry. The present work was inspired by an excellent article by Shore et al (Unanyan et al 1999 Phys. Rev. A 59 2910). We demonstrate how a purely geometric interpretation of the adiabatic passage in quantum tripod systems as a Riemannian parallel transport of the dark state vector along the Bloch sphere allows describing the evolution of the system for a given sequence of Stokes, pump and control laser excitation pulses. In combination with the Dykhne–Davis–Pechukas adiabaticity criterion and the minimax principle for circles on a sphere, this approach allows obtaining the analytical form of the optimal laser pulse sequences for a high fidelity tripod fractional STIRAP. In contrast to the conventional STIRAP in Λ-systems, the Gaussian approximations of the optimal laser pulse sequences allow reaching the infidelity of 10−7 for the adiabaticity parameter of 300 without noticeable oscillatory or other detrimental effects on population transfer accuracy.
Tunable polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)-based soft polymer gel sensors
Authors: Neubauer Justin , Cho H Jeremy , Kim Kwang J 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) gels have recently been found to exhibit mechanoelectrical transduction under mechanical deformation. These mechanoelectrical properties of PVC gels are largely uncharacterized and the underlying transduction mechanisms are currently unknown. These soft electroactive polymers have tunable properties such as modulus and response voltage based on physical dimensions and the amount of plasticizer content within the material making them ideal candidates for complaint sensors. This study aims to investigate PVC gels comprised of various plasticizers to further investigate underlying mechanisms of mechanoelectrical transduction and broaden possible sensing applications. Plasticizers used in this study include dibutyl adipate, dibutyl phthalate, dioctyl phthalate, otherwise known as bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, diisodecyl adipate, and the environmentally friendly biodegradable plasticizer acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC). ATBC is often used in cosmetics and food packaging applications and is even used as a food additive which may lead to future biocompatibility for these gel sensors. These plasticizers are used to produce PVC gel sensors that are experimentally tested for mechanoelectrical transduction properties and sensing performance. In this study, a Langmuir adsorptive model is fit to the collected mechanoelectrical transduction data. These results are also nondimensionalized and compared to the characteristic dimensionless Langmuir adsorptive model. This simple model agrees very well with the experimental data. Additionally, a study on the mechanoelectrical transduction of an alternative polymer lattice structure, thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), is discussed. This is a novel electroactive polymer investigated for mechanoelectrical transduction properties. This portion of the study aims to further knowledge of underlying mechanisms of mechanoelectrical transduction as well as show feasibility of additional lattices for soft polymer gel sensors. These TPU gel sensors show strikingly similar mechanoelectrical transduction properties to analogous PVC gels, insinuating that the polymer structure has a limited role in the underlying sensing mechanism and PVC itself is not unique to polymer gel sensing. The TPU-based soft polymer gel sensors however do display some level of mechanoelectrical hysteresis which may be attributed to viscoelastic properties and display a small amount of fatigue possibly due to exudation of liquid plasticizer. This study provides further characterization of mechanoelectrical response for varying plasticizers, provides a theoretical framework for underlying mechanisms, and displays the potential for further polymeric gel sensors.
Incommensurate magnetic states induced by ordering competition in

Ba1−xNaxFe2As2
Authors: Wang Jing 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Quantum criticality near a certain magnetic phase transition beneath the superconducting (SC) dome of

B
a

1
−

x

N
a

x

F
e

2

A
s

2

is attentively studied by virtue of a phenomenological theory in conjunction with the renormalization group approach. We report that ordering competition between magnetic and SC fluctuations is capable of coaxing incommensurate (IC) magnetic states to experience distinct fates depending upon their spin configurations. The C
2-symmetry IC magnetic stripe with a perpendicular magnetic helix dominates over other C
2-symmetry magnetic competitors and hints at a potential candidate for the unknown C
2-symmetry magnetic state. Of the C
4-symmetry IC magnetic phases, the IC charge spin density wave is substantiated to be superior, shedding light on the significant intertwining of charge and spin degrees of freedom. Meanwhile, ferocious fluctuations render a sharp fall in superfluid density alongside a dip in critical temperature as well as intriguing behavior of the London penetration depth.
Analysis of cosmic aspects through string-inspired teleparallel gravity models
Authors: Jawad Abdul , Bilal Amin Sulehri M , Rani Shamaila 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We consider a generic string inspired gravitational theory in the framework of teleparallel gravity whose stringy action based on a particular function which depends on the scalar field, its kinetic energy, the boundary and torsion terms as well as the Gauss-Bonnet terms We examine some cosmographic parameters like the equation of state parameter (ω
tot),

ω

tot

−

ω

tot

′

plane behavior and their stability with the help of squared speed of sound parameter (v2

s
). Under the choice of some specific values of model parameters, the equation of state parameter ω
tot indicates the range of cosmological constant and quintessence region of the evolving universe for the past, present and near future times while phantom phase in the far future times. The phase plane

ω

tot

−

ω

tot

′

expresses the super accelerated phase (the freezing region) whereas

v

s

2

gives the stability of each underlying model in the realm of accelerated universe.
Constraining the charge-sign and rigidity-dependence of solar modulation
Authors: Cholis Ilias , Hooper Dan , Linden Tim 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Our ability to identify the sources of cosmic rays and understand how these particles
propagate through the interstellar medium is hindered by the combined effects of the solar wind
and its embedded magnetic field, collectively known as solar modulation. In this paper, we build
upon our previous work to model and constrain the effects of solar modulation on the cosmic-ray
spectrum, using data from AMS-02 and BESS Polar II collected between 2007 and 2012,
during which the heliospheric magnetic field was in a state of negative polarity. Our model uses
measurements of the heliospheric magnetic field and the tilt angle of the heliospheric current
sheet to accurately predict the effects of solar modulation as a function of time, charge, and
rigidity. By incorporating data from a period of negative polarity, we have been able to robustly
observe and constrain the charge-dependent effects of solar modulation.
Effect of potassium bubbles on the thermal shock fatigue behavior of large-volume potassium-doped tungsten alloy
Authors: Ma Xiaolei , Feng Fan , Zhang Xiaoxin , Wang Ting , Liu Xiang , Lv Wei , Lang Shaoting , Ge Changchun , Yan Qingzhi 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A newly developed large-volume potassium-doped tungsten (W–K) plate with a thickness of 15 mm and a weight of 25 kg by powder metallurgy plus hot rolling was prepared to meet the requirements of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) in engineering application. In order to clarify the effect of K doping on the thermal shock performance of W–K alloy, transient thermal shock tests with a single-pulse duration of 1 ms for 100 shots at room temperature were performed. The absorbed power density is set to 0.33, 0.44, 0.55 and 0.66 GW m−2, respectively. Furthermore, the microstructure, Vickers micro-hardness before and after the transient thermal shock, thermal conductivity and relative density were also characterized. The results indicate that the cracking threshold of rolled W–K is 0.44–0.55 GW m−2, which possesses a better transient thermal shock resistance compared with the most of advanced W-based materials. This is mainly because K doping can significantly improve the high-temperature stability and mechanical properties of W material without reducing its thermal conductivity. In particular, K bubbles can also effectively inhibit the formation and propagation of cracks during thermal shock. Moreover, the cracking mechanism of rolled W–K alloy is also discussed in detail. This study is helpful for building a trusted ITER database on advanced W-based materials that provides useful references for the selection of future plasma-facing materials.
Unprecedented differences in phytoplankton community structures in the Amundsen Sea Polynyas, West Antarctica
Authors: Lee Youngju , Park Jisoo , Jung Jinyoung , Kim Tae Wan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In the Antarctic coast, ice shelves are rapidly thinning and retreating due to global warming. Basal melt water influences marine life, particularly the phytoplankton, which are directly affected by changes in physicochemical environments. However, there is limited in situ data over large areas in the Amundsen Sea, which is currently a hotspot for rapidly thinning ice shelves in West Antarctica. During the austral summer cruise of 2020, phytoplankton species abundance was investigated along the Amundsen Sea coast using an automated continuous observation instrument, the Imaging FlowCytobot. The phytoplankton community was dominated by Phaeocystis antarctica in most coastal waters of the Amundsen Sea, as previously reported; however, unexpected blooms of diatom Dactyliosolen tenuijunctus were observed throughout the Pine Island Bay region at a high dominance rate (∼90%) and abundance (>107 cells l−1). D. tenuijunctus is a weakly silicified diatom and its massive bloom in the water column has been rarely reported from the Antarctic Ocean. The dramatic difference in phytoplankton compositions between these adjacent polynyas probably indicates an unstable response of phytoplankton to ice melting conditions. They could play a different role in the marine food web and carbon flux compared to other diatoms and P. antarctica. Therefore, further research is warranted to predict the biological and biogeochemical impacts of future melting conditions.
Nonlinear stability and dynamic characteristics of hydropower station under fluctuation of downstream channel water level
Authors: Zhang Tianyu , Zhou Jianzhong , Huang Yan , Li Mengyao 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This paper aims to investigate the hydropower station with downstream channel (HSDC) and reveal the effect of fluctuation from downstream channel on its stability and dynamic characteristics under load disturbance. Firstly, a novel mathematical model of HSDC considering the fluctuation of downstream channel water level is established. Then, the stability and dynamic characteristics of HSDC are analysed by Hopf bifurcation. Finally, it is revealed that the effect of the fluctuation from downstream channel water level on the stability and dynamic characteristics of hydropower station. The results indicate that the HSDC is a supercritical system, and the stable domain is on the lower left to the bifurcation line in K

p
-K

i
plane. Considering the fluctuation of downstream water level, the stable domain of HSDC is wider than the reference where downstream channel water level is constant. The fluctuation of downstream water level has two-sided effect on the dynamic characteristics of HSDC, which makes the attenuation rate lager but setting time longer. Moreover, the more obviously the downstream water level changes with flow, the stronger the influence on stability and dynamic characteristics of HSDC are. Therefore, it is safer to design hydropower station and select the parameters of governor according to constant water level in engineering.
AI-based approach to predict nozzle instability in Pelton turbine model test.
Authors: Andolfatto L , Morisod M , Dodier A , Gervais N 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Over past experience on reduced scale physical models of Pelton turbines, it has been noticed that a few models exhibited disturbed performance curves over a given domain of speed factor and discharge factor under specific test head values, while the same performance curves were smooth at other test heads. Cross-checking of different model component combinations helped identify that those disturbances occur with specific nozzles independently from other model components. The experienced disturbances have been understood to be consequences of instabilities attributed to the nozzle.
Attempts to understand root causes and predict such instabilities with physics-based approaches first proved unsuccessful. The proposed research presents the analysis performed on an available model test results database to predict the occurrence of instability thanks to neural network classifiers, the so-called AI-based approach.
A model test campaign including a nozzle known to be subject to instabilities but not part of the database used to train the classifier has been designed and conducted. The agreement between the operating domain with predicted disturbance and the operating domain with measured disturbance is finally discussed.
Draft Tube Vortex Rope Analysis of a Pump-turbine Unit under Different Operating Conditions
Authors: He Qilian , Huang Xingxing , Bi Huili , Yang Mengqi , Yang Haixia , Wang Zhengwei 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Pumped-storage power stations which can be flexibly adjusted for power generation and energy storage, are widely constructed worldwide. Pumped-storage units work under different operating conditions according to the demand of the power grid, and vortex ropes in the draft tube will appear and show different shapes under the partial load conditions of the unit in generation mode. The unstable pressure pulsation caused by the eccentric vortex ropes inside the draft tube may cause the vibration of the unit during operation. So it is important to study the characteristics of draft tube vortex ropes for flow and vibration analysis. In this paper, a three-dimensional model of the unit is fully established, and the unsteady calculations of 60 %, 86.7%, and 100 % load conditions in turbine mode are carried out by numerical calculations to obtain the flow characteristics of the full flow field. The pressure and velocity distributions, shapes of vortex rope in the draft tube under different load conditions are extracted from the CFD analyses, respectively. The pressure pulsations of different monitoring points set up inside the draft tube are evaluated in the time domain and frequency domain. The results show that the vortex rope in the draft tube is more obvious under small flow discharge, and the vortex rope itself is not sensitive to the selection of Q criterion threshold, but the vortex on the draft tube wall is greatly affected by the selection of the threshold. The influence of draft tube vortex ropes on the vibration of the pumped-storage unit is also discussed.
Development of blade element momentum (BEM) method for hydropower
Authors: Abedi H , Uribe C I , Fahlbeck J , Nilsson H 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The BEM method is extensively used for analyzing the aerodynamic performance of wind turbines and marine propellers. It is computationally fast and is easily implemented while it can give fairly accurate results. Application of the BEM method to predict the forces acting on rotor blades for a model scale axial shaft-driven Counter-Rotating Pump-Turbine (CRPT) is investigated. Some modifications have been proposed to adopt the classical BEM method for CRPT machine and the results are validated against results from Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The results display that the proposed modifications can improve the loading predicted by BEM. However, the improvements are more pronounced in pump mode rather than turbine mode.