bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Full and simplified assessment of left ventricular diastolic function in covid‐19 patients admitted to ICU: Feasibility, incidence, and association with mortality
Authors: La Via Luigi , Dezio Veronica , Santonocito Cristina , Astuto Marinella , Morelli Andrea , Huang Stephen , Vieillard‐Baron Antoine , Sanfilippo Filippo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPurposeLeft ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) is associated with poor outcomes in the intensive care unit (ICU). Nonetheless, precise reporting of LVDD in COVID‐19 patients is currently lacking and assessment could be challenging.MethodsWe performed an echocardiography study in COVID‐19 patients admitted to ICU with the aim to describe the feasibility of full or simplified LVDD assessment and its incidence. We also evaluated the association of LVDD or of single echocardiographic parameters with hospital mortality.ResultsBetween 06.10.2020 and 18.02.2021, full diastolic assessment was feasible in 74% (n = 26/35) of patients receiving a full echocardiogram study. LVDD incidence was 46% (n = 12/26), while the simplified assessment produced different results (incidence 81%, n = 21/26). Nine patients with normal function on full assessment had LVDD with simplified criteria (grade I = 2; grade II = 3; grade III = 4). Nine patients were hospital‐survivors (39%); the incidence of LVDD (full assessment) was not different between survivors (n = 2/9, 22%) and non‐survivors (n = 10/17, 59%; p = .11). The E/e’ ratio lateral was lower in survivors (7.4 [3.6] vs. non‐survivors 10.5 [6.3], p = .03). We also found that s’ wave was higher in survivors (average, p = .01).ConclusionIn a small single‐center study, assessment of LVDD according to the latest guidelines was feasible in three quarters of COVID‐19 patients. Non‐survivors showed a trend toward greater LVDD incidence; moreover, they had significantly worse s’ values (all) and higher E/e’ ratio (lateral).
Head and dental injuries among farriers and hoof care practitioners: A nationwide survey in Switzerland
Authors: Fuhrer Yvonne , Eggmann Florin , Reichardt Elisabeth , Filippi Andreas 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground/AimThere is a paucity of evidence on injuries sustained by farriers and hoof care practitioners, two professions exposed to unique occupational hazards. The aim of this study was to collect and examine data on occupational head/face and dental injuries among farriers and hoof care practitioners in a nationwide survey in Switzerland.Materials and MethodsData on occupational head/face and dental injuries were gathered in a questionnaire‐based, voluntary survey, which was mailed to all farriers and hoof care practitioners in Switzerland. The statistical analysis comprised multiple regressions with a nested design (α = 0.05).ResultsThe survey included 278 respondents (response rate of 78.1%). Head/face injuries were more frequently reported by farriers than hoof care practitioners (60.6% and 20.7%, respectively). Among full‐time workers, farriers had a higher chance of an occupational head/face injury compared with hoof care practitioners (p = .007). The rate of dental injuries, mainly related to a horse kick, was 11.1% and 1.9% among farriers and hoof care practitioners, respectively. Negligence in wearing mandatory eye protection was reported by 37.5% of respondents.ConclusionsFarriery and hoof care management entail a significant risk of occupational head/face and dental injuries. Preventive safety measures—eye protection in particular—and knowledge in dental first aid should be promoted among farriers and hoof care practitioners to decrease the frequency and severity of work‐related injuries.
Commentary: Investing in advance practice nurses is a global health system solution
Authors: Acorn Michelle 
Published: October 2022

AbstractInvestment and full utilization of advance practice nurses to maximize universal health coverage, optimize access to primary health care, and for building health workforce capacity and professional leadership is direly warranted globally. Funding advance practice nurse education programs, leadership opportunities, service delivery systems, and rewarding jobs regionally and nationally is a viable value‐added solution for our communities, countries, and the nursing profession.
The more‐than‐human production of material dis/advantage: A Russian case study
Authors: Fox Nick J , Gavrilyuk Tatiana 
Published: October 2022

AbstractApplying a new materialist analysis, this paper reports findings from a qualitative study of young workers in contemporary Russia to address how more‐than‐human materialities can be materially affective in the workplace, producing and reproducing context‐specific capacities and incapacities. Social advantages and disadvantages derive from these disparities in capacities: what bodies can do economically, socially, physically, psychologically and politically. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 37 Russian workers aged 16–29 from the Ural Federal District of western Siberia: of these, 16 respondents worked in industry, while 21 were in retail and service sectors. The data revealed a wide range of non‐human matter that affected respondents’ capacities, producing opportunities and constraints on their work and development. Some of these everyday “tiny dis/advantages” may accrue over time into more lasting advantage or disadvantage. We conclude that – alongside economic resources and social support – the myriad interactions with non‐human matter in workplaces contribute to relative dis/advantage. We suggest that a focus on tiny dis/advantages both complements and refines conventional sociocultural analyses of material dis/advantage and social inequality.
Wako β‐D‐glucan assay can be used to measure serum β‐D‐glucan in Sudanese patients to aid with diagnosis of eumycetoma caused by Madurella mycetomatis
Authors: Nyuykonge Bertrand , Siddig Emmanuel , Mhmoud Najwa A. , Bakhiet Sahar , Zijlstra Eduard , Verbon Annelies , Fahal Ahmed H. , van de Sande Wendy W. J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundEumycetoma is a neglected tropical infection of the subcutaneous tissue commonly caused by the fungus Madurella mycetomatis. Previously, we demonstrated that β‐D‐glucan was present in the serum of eumycetoma patients.ObjectiveTo compare the performance of the recently approved easy‐to‐use Wako β‐D‐glucan assay to that of the Fungitell assay in eumycetoma patients.MethodsUsing sera obtained from 41 eumycetoma, 12 actinomycetoma and 29 healthy endemic controls, we measured the β‐glucan serum concentrations using the Wako assay and compared the performance to that of the Fungitell assay.ResultsWith the Fungitell assay, median β‐glucan serum concentrations of 208, 70 and 27 pg/ml were obtained for the 41 eumycetoma patients, the 12 actinomycetoma patients and the 29 healthy endemic controls, respectively. With the Wako assay these concentrations were 14.45, 11.57 and 2.5 pg/ml, respectively. We demonstrated that when using the optimized cut‐off value (5.5 pg/ml) for the Wako assay, the Wako and Fungitell assays had comparable performance in terms of sensitivity and specificity.ConclusionThe Wako assay is comparable to the Fungitell assay for measurement of serum β‐glucan in mycetoma patients and hence can be used in combination with current diagnostic tools. However, this test should be used in combination with other tests to differentiate actinomycetoma from eumycetoma.
Hedging to market‐wide shocks and competitive selection
Authors: Friberg Richard , Kupersmidt Isak Trygg 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper examines hedging against a large market‐wide shock in a model with heterogeneous firms and sunk costs of entry. If hedging is voluntary only the most efficient firms hedge against this shock, a finding in line with empirical evidence but at odds with standard motivations for risk management. Hedging affects the critical level of the marginal cost needed to operate in the market. A setting with mandatory hedging is associated with stronger competition than when hedging is voluntary which, in turn, is associated with stronger competition than when hedging is unavailable.
Mass modeling of engineering properties and characterization of Kadamb fruit (Neolamarckia cadamba): An underutilized fruit
Authors: Panda Tarak Chandra , Thota Niranjan , Dwivedi Madhuresh , Pradhan Rama Chandra , Seth Dibyakanta 
Published: October 2022

AbstractKadamb fruit (Neolamarckia cadamba) is considered as an underutilized fruit in the world despite its nutritional and therapeutic values. This research work emphasized on the determination of some engineering, structural, and thermal properties of Kadam fruit. Moreover, mass was predicted based on measured physical properties using linear, quadratic, and power models. This fruit has an arithmetic mean diameter of 49 mm and sphericity of 0.97 which is inferred as spherical in shape. The angle of repose was found to be 59.53° and the coefficient of friction on the galvanized steel surface was 0.18. Due to its higher moisture content (75%–80% wb), Kadamb fruit is perishable in nature. Linear, quadratic, and power models were used to fit the experimental data to predict mass of the fruit. Goodness of fit was judged based on higher correlation coefficient values (R2 > 0.85). The flakiness ratio best predicted the mass of the Kadamb fruit. The average values of hardness and hardness deformation for Kadamb fruit were observed to be 51.71 ± 3.26 N and 10.70% ± 1.21%, respectively. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of the fruit was recorded as 58°C by a differential scanning calorimeter. Infrared spectrum analysis showed the presence of aliphatic amines, ketones, carboxylic acid, alcohol, ester, ether, and phenols. The crystallinity index of ripe fruit, raw fruit, and peel was found to be 0.35, 0.30, and 0.30, respectively. This experimental result on engineering, thermal, and structural properties, along with mass modeling on Kadamb fruit will be helpful in the design and development of post‐harvest machinery and value addition thereafter.Practical ApplicationsThe exponential growth of the world population has stood as the most significant challenge in front of food scientists to look for alternative food sources. Kadamb fruit could fill the food bowl of human beings because of its nutritional components, polyphenols, and other phytochemicals. Studies on engineering properties and mass modeling of Kadamb fruit could be the first step in adopting food processes for value addition. This study would be helpful in developing and designing post‐harvest handling equipment like graders, sorters, cleaners, and the development of novel products and utilization of its by‐products.
Valorization of grape by‐products as functional and nutritional ingredients for healthy pasta development
Authors: Oliveira Beatriz Ewert , Contini Luana , Garcia Vitor Augusto dos Santos , Cilli Lilian Pinheiro de Lima , Chagas Eduardo Galvão Leite , Andreo Marcio Adriano , Vanin Fernanda Maria , Carvalho Rosemary Aparecida , Sinnecker Patricia , Venturini Anna Cecilia , Yoshida Cristiana Maria Pedroso 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe objective of this study was the utilization of Isabel grape (Vitis labrusca) by‐products for the development of grape pomace flour (GPF) as a new food ingredient to incorporate into a nutritional and functional pasta product adding different concentrations of GPF. The incorporation of GPF into the pasta formulation led to obtaining products with higher fiber content, lower firmness, and higher cooking loss of total solids. The antioxidant capacity of pasta samples was increased by incorporating polyphenols from GPF. The highest ORAC and FRAP results were observed in pasta containing GPF, comparing antioxidant activities. The pasta containing 50% GPF showed a good balance between high antioxidant activity and nutritional benefit with good consumer acceptability and potential to become a new functional food. Grape by‐product represents a functional ingredient with low cost and a source of dietary fiber and natural antioxidants.Novelty impact statement

Food agro‐industrial by‐products such as grape pomace flour (GPF) can be a source of functional ingredients.

Fortification of pasta with GPF increased the antioxidant capacity of cooked pasta, and it was dose‐dependent.

The incorporation of GPF into the pasta formulation led to products with higher fiber content (up to 31%) and good consumer acceptability.
A randomized phase 1b trial of the active site polymerase inhibitor nucleotide ATI‐2173 in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection
Authors: Squires Katherine E. , Ogilvie Lauren , Jucov Alina , Anastasiy Igor , Ghicavii Nelli , Huguet Jade , Melara Rebeca , Constantineau Martin , De La Rosa Abel , Mayers Douglas L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractATI‐2173 is an active site polymerase inhibitor nucleotide in development as part of a potentially curative regimen for chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. This study evaluated the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK) and antiviral activity of ATI‐2173. This was a phase 1b, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial in treatment‐naive adults with chronic HBV infection conducted in the Republic of Moldova and Ukraine (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04248426). Patients positive for hepatitis B surface antigen were randomized 6:2 to receive once‐daily oral doses of ATI‐2173 10, 25, or 50 mg (n = 6 per dose) or placebo (n = 7) for 28 days, with off‐treatment monitoring for 24 weeks. Endpoints included PK parameters of ATI‐2173 and its metabolite clevudine, maximum reduction from baseline in HBV DNA, and safety and tolerability. Treatment‐emergent adverse events occurred in eight patients (47%) receiving ATI‐2173 and five (71%) receiving placebo; headache was the most common (n = 4). ATI‐2173 PK was generally dose proportional. Systemic clevudine exposure with ATI‐2173 dosing was substantially reduced compared with historical values observed with clevudine administration. On Day 28, mean changes from baseline in HBV DNA were −2.72 to −2.78 log10 IU/ml with ATI‐2173 and +0.17 log10 IU/ml with placebo. Off‐treatment sustained viral suppression and decreases in covalently closed circular DNA biomarkers were observed in most patients; one maintained undetectable HBV DNA at 24 weeks off treatment. In this 28‐day monotherapy study, ATI‐2173 demonstrated safety and antiviral activity, with sustained off‐treatment effects and substantially reduced systemic clevudine exposure. These results support evaluation of ATI‐2173 with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in phase 2 studies.
Wolbachia causes cytoplasmic incompatibility but not male‐killing in a grain pest beetle
Authors: Kiefer Julian S. T. , Schmidt Gerrit , Krüsemer Ronja , Kaltenpoth Martin , Engl Tobias 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe endosymbiotic Wolbachia is one of the most common intracellular bacteria known in arthropods and nematodes. Its ability for reproductive manipulation can cause unequal inheritance to male and female offspring, allowing the manipulator to spread, but potentially also impact the evolutionary dynamics of infected hosts. Estimated to be present in up to 66% of insect species, little is known about the phenotypic impact of Wolbachia within the order Coleoptera. Here, we describe the reproductive manipulation by the Wolbachia strain wSur harboured by the sawtoothed grain beetle Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Coleoptera, Silvanidae), through a combination of genomics approaches and bioassays. The Wolbachia strain wSur belongs to supergroup B that contains well‐described reproductive manipulators of insects and encodes a pair of cytoplasmic incompatibility factor (cif) genes, as well as multiple homologues of the WO‐mediated killing (wmk) gene. A phylogenetic comparison with wmk homologues of wMel of Drosophila melanogaster identified 18 wmk copies in wSur, including one that is closely related to the wMel male‐killing homologue. However, further analysis of this particular wmk gene revealed an eight‐nucleotide deletion leading to a stop‐codon and subsequent reading frame shift midsequence, probably rendering it nonfunctional. Concordantly, utilizing a Wolbachia‐deprived O. surinamensis population and controlled mating pairs of wSur‐infected and noninfected partners, we found no experimental evidence for male‐killing. However, a significant ~50% reduction of hatching rates in hybrid crosses of uninfected females with infected males indicates that wSur is causing cytoplasmic incompatibility. Thus, Wolbachia also represents an important determinant of host fitness in Coleoptera.
Uncovering mechanisms of brain inflammation in Alzheimer's disease with APOE4: Application of single cell‐type lipidomics
Authors: Asante Isaac , Louie Stan , Yassine Hussein N. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA chronic state of unresolved inflammation in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is intrinsically involved with the remodeling of brain lipids. This review highlights the effect of carrying the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele (APOE4) on various brain cell types in promoting an unresolved inflammatory state. Among its pleotropic effects on brain lipids, we focus on APOE4’s activation of Ca2+‐dependent phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) and its effects on arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid signaling cascades in the brain. During the process of neurodegeneration, various brain cell types, such as astrocytes, microglia, and neurons, together with the neurovascular unit, develop distinct inflammatory phenotypes that impact their functions and have characteristic lipidomic fingerprints. We propose that lipidomic phenotyping of single cell‐types harvested from brains differing by age, sex, disease severity stage, and dietary and genetic backgrounds can be employed to probe mechanisms of neurodegeneration. A better understanding of the brain cellular inflammatory/lipidomic response promises to guide the development of nutritional and drug interventions for AD dementia.
Music‐based interventions in community settings: Navigating the tension between rigor and ecological validity
Authors: Habibi Assal , Kreutz Gunter , Russo Frank , Tervaniemi Mari 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEmpirical research of community‐based music interventions has advanced to investigate the individual, social, and educational implications of arts‐for‐wellbeing practices. Here, we present the motivations, aims, hypotheses, and implications of this complex field of inquiry. We describe examples of recent large‐scale investigations to reflect on the major methodological challenges. Community‐based music interventions strike a balance between the empirical rigor of clinical trials and the demands of ecological validity. We argue that this balance should be viewed as an asset rather than a mere pragmatic compromise. We also offer some perspectives on best‐practice models for effectively engaging in this type of work.
Polymorphism but not methylation status in the vitamin D receptor gene contributes to oral mucositis in children
Authors: Viana Filho José Maria Chagas , de Souza Beatriz Fernandes , Coêlho Marina de Castro , Valença Ana Maria Gondim , Persuhn Darlene Camati , de Oliveira Naila Francis Paulo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between the polymorphisms rs1544410 (BsmI), rs2228570 (FokI) and rs731236 (TaqI) and DNA methylation status in the VDR gene (vitamin D receptor) with oral mucositis (OM) in oncopaediatric patients treated with methotrexate (MTX®).MethodsThe population comprised healthy patients with haematological malignancies aged between 5 and 19 years. An evaluation of oral conditions was performed using the Oral Assessment Guide. Demographic, clinical, biochemical and haematological data were obtained from medical records. Genomic DNA from oral mucosal cells was used for the analysis of polymorphisms (n = 102) (PCR‐restriction fragment length polymorphism) and DNA methylation (n = 81) (methylation‐specific PCR).ResultsMales predominated (57.8%), and the mean age was 10.3 years (±4.7). OM affected 84.3% of patients, of which 53.1% developed severe oral mucositis (SOM). Patients with OM had lower platelet and leukocyte counts (p < 0.05). The G allele of rs1544410 (p = 0.040) and the CT genotype of rs2228570 polymorphisms were associated with SOM (p = 0.038). A partially methylated status in the VDR promoter was found in all patients.ConclusionOM is associated with lower leukocyte and platelet counts. SOM is associated with the rs1544410 and rs2228570 polymorphisms. The methylation status of the VDR is not associated with inflammation or exposure to MTX®.
COVID‐19 Alpha Variant (B.1.1.7): Humoral, memory B and T cells in COVID‐19 pediatric convalescents
Authors: Gurevich Michael , Zilkha‐Falb Rina , Sonis Polina , Magalashvili David , Dolev Mark , Mandel Mathilda , Menascu Shay , Achiron Anat 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundStudies of anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 humoral and adaptive response in COVID‐19 non‐vaccinated pediatric convalescents are controversial and further evidence from the pediatric population are needed.ObjectivesTo elucidate SARS‐CoV‐2 humoral and memory B‐ and T‐cells responses in pediatric convalescents as compared with the adult.MethodsBlood samples were obtained from 80 non‐vaccinated, IgG‐positive, COVID‐19 convalescents (age 8.0–61.0 years), 4.0 months from onset. Frequency of responders and magnitudes of SARS‐COV‐2 IgG, memory B‐cells (MBC) and IFNg‐ and IL2‐secreting memory T‐cells (MTC) in response to immuno‐dominant peptide pools in pediatric, young adults and middle‐aged adults with onset age 8–18 years (N = 20), 19–39 years (N = 30) and 40–61 years (N = 30), respectively, were analyzed. SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG were detected by ELISA (Euroimmun, Germany). MBC, IFNg‐, IL2‐ and IFNg+IL2‐secreting MTC (IFNg‐MTC, IL2‐MTC and IFNg+IL2‐MTC) were detected using FluoroSpot (Mabtech, Sweden).ResultsMBC level was lower in pediatric as compared with the middle‐aged adults (median 12.75 interquartile range [IQR] 4.27–33.7 and 32.0 IQR 6.0–124.2, respectively, p = .003). MBC level in young adults was lower than in middle‐aged adults (median 18.5 IQR 1.7–43.8 and 32.0 IQR 6.0–124.2, respectively, p = .006). The level of IL2‐MTC was lower in the pediatric group as compared with middle aged‐adults (median 2.1 IQR 0–16.9 and 28.6 IQR 11–49.6, respectively, p < .03) and in young adults lower than in middle‐aged adults (median 1.45 IQR 0–18.6 and 28.6 IQR 11–49.6, respectively, p = .02). In addition, the level of IFNg‐MTC was lower in pediatric as compared with young adults (median 4.25 IQR 0.0–15.0 and 20.9 IQR 0–75.2, respectively, p = .05). The level of IgG was comparable between pediatric and both young and middle‐aged adult groups (4.82 ± 2.95, 3.70 ± 2.65 and 4.9 ± 2.94, respectively, p > .34).ConclusionNon‐vaccinated COVID‐19 pediatric convalescents have lower adaptive immune responses than adults sustaining the recommendation for vaccination of the pediatric population.