bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic horseback riding for at-risk adolescents in residential care
Authors: Weiss-Dagan Shlomit , Naim-Levi Nofar , Brafman Dorit 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Over the past two decades, a large body of research has focused on the contribution of equine-assisted therapies to positive psychological changes in at-risk adolescents. The current study aimed to explore the subjective experiences of therapeutic horseback riding (THR, a type of equine-assisted therapy) among at-risk adolescents and examine how they describe the psychological benefits and the mechanisms of change of a THR intervention.

Methods
This qualitative study focused on at-risk adolescents living in residential care. In-depth interviews were conducted with 19 adolescents.

Results
Thematic analysis revealed three themes: (a) participants’ presentation, (b) the benefits of riding as a mechanism of change in the THR intervention, and (c) the benefits of the relationship with the horse as a mechanism of change in the THR intervention.

Conclusions
The results of this study emphasize that the riding process and the relationship with the horse are the core mechanisms of THR interventions for at-risk adolescents and provide various psychological, behavioral, and relational benefits. Self-determination theory (SDT) is a relevant framework through which to explore at-risk adolescents’ subjective experiences of THR intervention and reveal its benefits for them.
Research attitudes in families of individuals with Down syndrome: importance for clinical trials
Authors: Lott Ira T. , Kirby Katharine A. , Doran Eric , Grill Joshua D. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals with Down syndrome (DS) are increasingly eligible for clinical trial intervention, particularly for the treatment or prevention of Alzheimer disease (AD). Yet, little is known about research attitudes that may contribute to decisions regarding clinical trial enrollment for people with DS, a gap which is addressed in the current study.MethodsTheResearch Attitudes Questionnaire(RAQ) is a brief validated instrument that measures cultural and social factors which influence clinical trial enrollment decisions in the general population. Applied herein to a cohort of 1002 families who have an individual with DS, this survey was carried out through a national registry (DS-Connect). In addition to the RAQ, demographic data were collected.ResultsThe response rate to the survey was 49.9%. Respondents were asked to complete demographic information and to respond to the 7 question RAQ. The scores were stratified by a cut point assigned a priori into those more favorable toward research participation vs. those less favorably inclined. Within this sample, nearly 95% self-identified as the primary caretaker for the individual with DS. The RAQ score analyses generally indicated favorable respondent views toward research with particularly high favorability ratings from respondents who had previously participated in research and from those who were older (P = .01 to .001).ConclusionsThis is one of the first formal studies to evaluate research attitudes among relatives of individuals with DS and shows the feasibility of using this approach to answer important questions that will guide trialists developing treatments for AD in DS.Future research will require broadening the racial and ethnic mix of respondents and the role that a standardized assessment of research attitudes will have for clinical trial participation.
Student achievement, school quality, and an error-prone family background measure: exploring the sensitivity of the Heyneman-Loxley effect in Southern and Eastern Africa
Authors: Rew W. Joshua , Andon Anabelle , Luschei Thomas F. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
We examine the sensitivity of the Heyneman-Loxley Effect to the influence of an error-prone family background measure in 15 education systems from Southern and Eastern Africa. Our aim is to revisit a claim by Abby Riddell from the November 1989 issue of the Comparative Education Review concerning the reliability of family background measures and the estimation of the Heyneman-Loxley Effect. Three questions guide our study: does national income have an association with the reliability of a family background measure, is the association between a family background measure and student achievement sensitive to measurement error, and is the association between national income and the school effect sensitive to measurement error?

Methods
Our analysis relies on the SACMEQ III data archive and, most importantly, a known error-prone family background measure (i.e., socioeconomic status index) and its corresponding measurement error (i.e., conditional standard error of measurement). For each SACMEQ III education system, we calculate the reliability of the socioeconomic status index and examine its association with national income. We use a Bayesian multilevel regression model to estimate naive and correction parameters representing the association between the socioeconomic status index and student achievement. Finally, we explore the associations between national income and the naive and correction estimates for the school effect across SACMEQ III education systems.

Results
We observe three results. First, the association between national income and the reliability of the socioeconomic status index appears negative among SACMEQ III education systems (albeit questionable due to the small n-size and influential outliers). Second, the association between the socioeconomic status index and student achievement is sensitive to measurement error across content areas and SACMEQ III education systems. Third and finally, the association between national income and the school effect is insensitive to measurement error across content areas and SACMEQ III education systems.

Conclusions
Throughout our study, we discuss measurement error, its consequences, and why the correction of error-prone family background measures is important. We highlight the need for auxiliary information for measurement error correction (e.g., reliability ratio, conditional standard error of measurement). Lastly, in addition to encouraging the correction of error-prone family background measures when attempting to replicate the Heyneman-Loxley Effect, we invite further research on improving the reliability and comparability of family background measures.
Well trajectory optimization of ultradeep and high-pressure drilling engineering based on high in situ stress as the main control factor: A case study from the Ordovician carbonate reservoir in the Shunbei area of the Tarim Basin
Authors: Yang Ruiqiang , Ding Wenlong , Zhao Zhan , Liu Jingtao , Shi Shuo , Zhao Teng , Han Pengyuan 
Published: November 2022

With increasing oil and gas exploration and development, well trajectory optimization has gradually become the focus of the oil and gas industry. Considering the wellbore instability in the Shunbei area of the Tarim Basin, the well trajectory was scientifically optimized under the guidance of rock mechanics, drilling engineering, and mathematical methods, combined with actual geologic data, and with in situ stress as the main controlling factor. In this paper, the stress state of the wellbore is analyzed by linear elastic theory to establish the stress distribution model of the wellbore. The safety window model of wellbore stability is established using different rock failure criteria to calculate the collapse pressure and fracture pressure of the formation. Based on this, the safe mud density window is defined to achieve wellbore trajectory optimization. Finally, the influence factors of wellbore stability are discussed, and the applicability of different rock failure criteria is evaluated. The results indicate that under the normal faulting stress regime condition in the study area, the direction of horizontal minimum principal stress is the best drilling direction, where the borehole inclination angle of [Formula: see text] > 50° is the optimal well trajectory. The wellbore stabilities of high-angle deviated wells and horizontal wells are better than those of low-angle deviated wells and vertical wells. The calculation results of the Mogi-Coulomb criterion can describe the conditions of the in situ stress field more accurately. The safe windows for different well trajectories are obtained directly by the numerical method, which is very practical for optimizing well trajectories and improving wellbore stability.
Association of obstetrical Hysterectomy with rising rates of cesarean section among women with Placenta Previa
Authors: Ashraf Saima , Yasmeen Qadir Saima , Fatima Khosa Arooj 
Published: November 2022

Objective: To analyze the impact of previous cesarean section on rates of obstetrical hysterectomy among women with placenta previa.
Methods: A retrospective cohort study done at the Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Nishtar University Hospital, Multan from January 2017 to December 2021. A total of 374 women aged between 20 to 50 years with diagnosis of placenta previa who underwent cesarean delivery were included. Age, BMI, area of residence, gestational age, gravidity status and past history of cesarean section were noted from medical records of all women. Relationship of previous number of cesarean sections and with obstetrical hysterectomy was noted among women with placenta previa.
Results: In a total of 374 women, mean age was 33.45±7.3 years. Mean gestational age was 37.4±3 weeks. Obstetrical hysterectomy was done in 110 (29.4%) women. Significant association of gravidity status was noted with hysterectomy as 95 (86.4%) women with hysterectomy had gravidity status ≥3 in comparison to 197 (74.6%) with no hysterectomy (p=0.030). Number of cesarean section was found to have significant association with obstetrical hysterectomy as 55 (50.0%) women with obstetrical hysterectomy reported ≥3 previous cesarean section versus 29 (11.0%) with no obstetrical hysterectomy (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Strong association of previous number of cesarean section and obstetrical hysterectomy was found with placenta previa. There should be protocols for early identification and prediction of adverse outcomes among women with placenta previa with past history of cesarean section.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.1.6656
How to cite this: Ashraf S, Qadir SY, Khosa AF. Association of obstetrical Hysterectomy with rising rates of cesarean section among women with Placenta Previa. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(1):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.1.6656
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Uncertainty, Ignorance and Decision-Making
Authors: Xu Ting 
Published: November 2022

A great deal of decision-making during crises is about coping with uncertainty. For rulemakers, this poses a fundamental challenge, as there has been a lack of a rigorous framework for understanding and analysing the nature and function of uncertainty in the context of rulemaking. In coping with crises, modelling has become a governance tool to navigate and tame uncertainty and justify decisions. This is because models, in particular mathematical models, can be useful to produce precise answers in numbers. This article examines the challenges rulemakers are facing in an uncertain world and argues that one of the most important challenges lies in rulemakers’ failures to understand the nature of uncertainty and ignorance in the contested arena of science for decision-making. It focuses on the relationship between uncertainty, ignorance and decisionmaking through a case study of the interaction between modelling and rulemaking in the Covid-19 pandemic. In so doing, this article provides an alternative strategy to number- and model-based rulemaking in an uncertain world. It provokes a rethinking of using science to measure and govern human affairs and the impact of numbers and quantification on law.
Keywords: uncertainty; ignorance; decision-making; rulemaking; models; mathematical modelling; quantification; Covid-19.
CARACTERIZAÇÃO SÓCIO-AMBIENTAL E ORDENAMENTO TERRITORIAL PARA A BACIA DO RIO MATO GROSSO, SAQUAREMA - RJ
Authors: Borges Raphael 
Published: November 2022

A evolução das sociedades modernas reflete-se em um acentuado aumento das formas urbanas de uso do solo. Tais processos de adensamento populacional resultam na modificação de ambientes naturais e na aquisição de novas características para os lugares ocupados. Desta forma, as atividades advindas da concentração humana provocam uma ruptura na estrutura funcional de um ambiente natural. Como resultado disso, surgirá uma nova paisagem, derivada da paisagem natural e alterada pelas atividades humanas. O momento atual passa a exigir uma Geomorfologia de caráter utilitário, uma Geomorfologia que forneça informações sobre a dinâmica da natureza no presente. Dentre os principais efeitos adversos do recente processo de urbanização, podemos destacar a diminuição de espaços favoráveis Ã ocupação territorial e a dificuldade crescente para exploração dos recursos naturais em decorrência do seu mau uso. O constatado crescimento físico e desordenado das cidades trouxe desequilíbrios ao meio ambiente cada vez mais evidentes e de difícil recuperação, o que levou cientistas, gestores e administradores a pensarem novas políticas e instrumentos de planejamento do meio físico e de ordenamento do território urbano. O presente artigo trata de forma sucinta e objetiva, a caracterização sócio-ambiental da área de estudo, levando em consideração elementos referentes ao processo acelerado de ocupação da região assim como aspectos físico-ambientais da mesma.
O GEOPROCESSAMENTO E O PLANEJAMENTO DA SAÚDE NA REGIÃO SUDESTE DA CIDADE DE UBERLÂNDIA (MG)
Authors: Silva Cinéia Muniz 
Published: November 2022

The present work approaches the spatialtion of the health in the southeast
area of the city of Uberlândia, through the use of the geoprocessing. The adopted
methodological procedures were the following ones: Bibliographical analysis and it collects of the data regarding the presented theme; choose of the study area and edition of the basic urban map in the scale of 1:20.000; field research in the study area to identify the presence of garbage deposits, dwellings without basic infrastructure (water and sewer), pavimentação lack; field research in NIS (Nucleus of Information in Health); field research in the Hospital of the Clinics of the city of Uberlândia; and elaboration of thematic maps identifying the study area and the diseases of larger incidence. To leave of those procedures we arrived the presentation of the results, which confirmed the initial expectation of the work that the occurrence of some diseases are directly related the form of occupation of the space.
AVALIAÇÃO QUALITATIVA DAS TRILHAS DA RPPN PANGA - UBERLÂNDIA/MG
Authors: Santos Douglas Gomes dos , Zuza Marcelo Lopes Rabelo 
Published: November 2022

A Estação Ecológica do Panga (EEP), é uma Unidade de Conservação na categoria Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural (RPPN). Ela pertence Ã Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), possuindo 409,5 ha, e não conta com Plano de Manejo, o que dificulta a visitação, tanto dos acadêmicos quanto da comunidade no geral; apresenta fitofisionomias de Cerrado em interessante estado de conservação. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar qualitativamente as trilhas presentes na EEP e, assim, contribuir para o estabelecimento de estratégias de visitação visando a sensibilização da comunidade em relação aos Cerrados e também buscar melhores condições de manejo para a EEP. Os procedimentos foram baseados em trabalho de campo, produção de mapas georreferenciados, e análise qualitativa das trilhas. Foi possível constatar que algumas das trilhas encontram-se em bom estado de conservação, enquanto outras estão tomadas pela vegetação. Em todos os casos, não há placas de sinalização nem de identificação da fitofisionomia.
ALGUMAS NOTAS SOBRE O PROCESSO E A ESPACIALIZAÇÃO DA VERTICALIZAÇÃO URBANA NA CIDADE DE LONDRINA: 1950-2000
Authors: Casaril Carlos Cassemiro 
Published: November 2022

O principal objetivo deste artigo foi analisar o processo da produção vertical do espaço urbano da cidade de Londrina, destacando a espacialização dos edifícios de 4 e mais pavimentos, junto a área urbana no período 1950-2000. Os dados da verticalização foram obtidos através de levantamentos junto ao Corpo de Bombeiros de Londrina, utilizando-se dos projetos contra incêndio, para complementação de algumas informações o levantamento prosseguiu junto à Prefeitura Municipal de Londrina e, para finalizar realizamos uma pesquisa através da Lista Telefônica da Editel e Classificados de Imóveis da Folha de Londrina e observações empíricas na cidade. Esses levantamentos deram origem aos dados dos edifícios com 4 e mais pavimentos. A discussão do processo foi realizada levando em conta cinco períodos e a espacialização vertical foi constatada através de mapeamento que apresentou o total de 1.559 edifícios construídos durante 1950-2000. Essa distribuição espacial da verticalização é resultado da produção do espaço para diferentes camadas sociais, taxas de lucros, diferentes tamanhos e padrões de edifícios, diferentes estratégias e pontos de vista dos agentes incorporadores que dão a idéia de “desigualdade” na e da produção do espaço por intermédio da localização dos prédios.
A PROPÓSITO DO ANTI-SEMITISMO
Authors: Póvoa Carlos Alberto 
Published: November 2022

The text looks for to show that the " Aryan " individual doesn't exist and yes a systematic prejudice against the Jews. They created an identity to strengthen the anti-
Semitism. European intellectuals involved in the constants explanations on the arianismo, they try without success to explain the raíz of this superior race the one of the Jews.
A IMPORTÂNCIA DA UTILIZAÇÃO DOS MAPAS COMO INSTRUMENTO DE ENSINO/APRENDIZAGEM NA GEOGRAFIA ESCOLAR
Authors: Santos Daniel S. , Bento Evilânia da C. , Ferreira Fernanda S. , Silva Gilson S. da , Pereira Ilze C. , Martins Karem , Silva Karine A. , Bomfim Natanael Reis 
Published: November 2022

O presente trabalho apresentado no I Seminário Local de Cartografia para Escolares,
na Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (2005), traz como problemática a iniciação dos alunos de 5ª série na leitura dos mapas, uma vez que estes são apresentados apenas como recurso didático de localização. Com a intenção de contornar essa deficiência, este artigo visa apresentar uma proposta metodológica de utilização dos mapas como instrumento cartográfico que venha a auxiliar o professor na prática pedagógica do ensino de Geografia.
GEOGRAFIA E GEOTECNOLOGIAS NO ESTUDO URBANO
Authors: Leite Marcos Esdras , Rosa Roberto 
Published: November 2022

Nesse artigo pretendemos discutir a importância da aplicação das geotecnologias e da ciência geográfica no planejamento urbano, destacando o uso do geoprocessamento e do sensoriamento remoto, para isso se fez necessário uma análise histórica da geografia quantitativa, corrente que estimulou a aplicação de tecnologiaà geografia, como também uma discussão teórica do que é geoprocessamento, sensoriamento remoto, processamento digital de imagens, cartografia digital e Sistema de Informação Geográfica-SIG expondo suas respectivas relevância no estudo e desenvolvimento da geografia do século XXI.
O COMÉRCIO E SERVIÇOS AMBULANTES: UMA DISCUSSÃO
Authors: Kitamura Camila Kazumi , Miranda Mariana , Ribeiro Filho Vitor 
Published: November 2022

Este trabalho tem como objetivo compreender a expansão do comércio informal na área central das cidades, sua estratégia de localização, identificando as categorias funcionais dessa atividade econômica. É de suma importância entender também, as transformações ocorridas na paisagem em função dos camelôs e ambulantes. Devido Ã grande diversidade de produtos comercializados e de alguns serviços prestados no âmbito da Ã?rea Central, foi necessário estabelecer a classificação das categorias vinculadas às atividades econômicas nos espaços públicos, com base no estudo de Yazigi (2000) e Ribeiro Filho (2004). Essas categorias foram agrupadas de acordo com os produtos comercializados nas barracas, bancas e tabuleiros. Nota-se a assimilação e reprodução das contradições inerentes aos processos sócio-espaciais, de modo específico à dinâmica da Ã?rea Central, no que tange à expansão da economia informal e, por conseguinte, o crescimento dos camelôs nesta área das metrópoles e cidades de porte médio. A partir das evidências que surgiram no decorrer do processo do estudo podem aparecer novas indagações para futuros estudos sobre a economia informal, com destaque para os ambulantes/camelôs.
ANÁLISE DOS IMPACTOS AMBIENTAIS CAUSADOS EM ESTUÁRIOS: ESTUDO DO ESTUÁRIO DO RIO ACARAÚ, CEARÁ - BRASIL
Authors: Araújo Maria Valdirene , Freire George Satander Sá 
Published: November 2022

A Bacia do Acaraú está localizada a oeste da capital cearense e compreende uma área de 14.500KmÂ², considerada a segunda maior bacia hidrográfica do Ceará. A área pesquisada compreendeu a região do estuário do rio Acaraú com 80KmÂ². A pesquisa analisou de forma integrada os atributos ambientais do estuário do rio Acaraú, enfocando os impactos ambientais, bem como a identificação das unidades ambientais e o processo de uso e ocupação do solo. A metodologia adotada constou-se de levantamentos cartográficos, bibliografias referentes Ã área, fotografias aéreas e imagens de satélites para melhor identificação das unidades naturais. As atividades de geoprocessamento envolveram o processamento digital de imagens de sensoriamento remoto e a integração de dados em estrutura de SIG. Os resultados obtidos foram; o levantamento de uso e ocupação, onde foi dada ênfase na atividade de carcinicultura que ocupa boa parte das áreas de mangues próximos à foz do rio, o processo de expansão urbana da cidade de Acaraú e como medida mitigadora dos impactos ficou sugerida a criação de uma Ã?rea de Proteção Ambiental e um programa intensivo de educação ambiental com a população local.
Pancasila sebagai Sistem Hukum
Authors: Suhaeni Rosa , Wardhani Pingkan , Puspitasari Putri , Fitriono Riska Andi 
Published: November 2022

During its development period, Pancasila has provided values that are useful for the survival of the Indonesian nation and state. However, the usefulness is not entirely real. This can be seen in the Indonesian regulatory system, which until now still maintains the pluralism of the legal system. The reality of this legal system pluralism is a situation that reflects that Pancasila in the legal system does not fully have real and concrete usefulness. In addition, in achieving legal goals, it is still influenced by two schools of legal thought which in principle contradict each other, namely legal positivism which prioritises legal certainty and legal realism which seeks the substance of justice. Therefore, Pancasila must clearly show real and concrete useful values in the Indonesian legal system.
Bauforschung: Woher – Wohin
Authors: Schuller Manfred 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The increasing international acceptance of the term ›building research‹ dates back to 1924. The basic approach of understanding historical buildings through building surveys and precise observations is older. To this day, the core of the method has remained working directly on the object in question: the building itself is the main source, regardless of the period and epoch. The graphic representation of the inventory and the scientific results on building history, building techniques and reconstruction play a key role. This small subject has proven itself in many fields, from university research to the preservation of historical monuments, but is currently facing great challenges. The rapid development of new technologies and innovative partner subjects demands a review of methods, including questions of future publication types and languages. New fields of activity are opening up: architecture after 1945 and the increasing destruction caused by war. The educational situation at the universities is becoming more and more uncertain.