bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of small-probe endoscopic ultrasonography combined with precut endoscopic mucosal resection in the treatment of rectal carcinoids
Authors: ZHANG Si-yu , Bian Xiao-ping 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose: We sought to explore the application value of small-probe endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) in combination with precut endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) in the treatment of rectal carcinoids. Methods: Biopsies were performed on patients with rectal submucosal swelling found by colonoscopy at our hospital, and patients whose pathological results were considered indicative of a neuroendocrine tumor were evaluated further. After EUS and computed tomography examinations, patients without peripheral disease or metastasis were treated with precut EMR. Results: Thirty-eight patients were considered to have neuroendocrine tumors by pathological biopsy; of these, 37 patients were treated with precut EMR, and one patient with muscularis propria involvement was treated with surgery. The precut EMR operation time was 28 ± 12 minutes, the whole resection rate was 96.6%, and the complete resection rate was 100%. There were no cases of intraoperative perforation, all of which were located in the rectum. The lesion diameter range was 0.6 to 2.0 cm. There were 10 cases of immediate bleeding during the operation and one case of delayed bleeding after the operation. The length of postoperative follow-up was three to 12 months without recurrence or metastasis. Conclusion: Small-probe ultrasound endoscopy can clarify the depth and diameter of rectal carcinoid invasion, demonstrating a high guiding value for the selection of treatment methods. Precut EMR is a safe, time-saving, and effective method for treating rectal neuroendocrine tumors less than 20 mm in diameter.
Clinical study on the effect of individual rod bending in internal fixation of AO-A3 thoracolumbar fractures: a retrospective clinical study
Authors: Shi Zongpo , Wang Boyao , Zhang Chen , Yang Guangxu , Min Nicolas Yap San , Chen Ji , Chen Qiang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Spinal pedicle screw internal fixation is a mature technique for the treatment of thoracolumbar fractures. A large number of studies have shown that the bending angle of the connecting rod has a significant correlation with the postoperative spinal stability. However, there has been no study to determine a reliable method to guide the bending angle of the connecting rod during operation. The purpose of our research was to explore an individualized rod bending method and analyze its effect in AO-A3 thoracolumbar fractures. Methods: The angles (angles A, B，A', B') of upper and lower motion segments before and after fracture were measured in 64 patients. By analyzing the correlations between H and angle changes(ΔA, ΔB) of the vertebra, a linear regression model was established to derive the bending angle. A total of 48 patients with fractures(AO-A3) were included and assigned to observation groups and control groups in order to measure the sagittal parameters after three years of follow-up, including LL, TK, SVA ,ASD,PT, PI and SS.Result: There was a significant linear correlation between H and angle change (ΔA, ΔB) of the vertebra. The correlation coefficient was 12.24 and 8.62,respectively. The formula for guiding bending rod was 1.50×(A’+B’)+31.29H-0.38. Compared with normal group, there were significant differences in LL, TK, PT and SS in the control group(P＜0.05), but no significant differences in the observation group(P＞0.05). The incidences of SVA>50mm were 23.08% and 22.73% in the two group respectively and the incidences of ASD were 7.69% and 13.64%, respectively. There was significant difference identified between the two groups in ASD(P＜0.05), but not in SVA＞50mm(P＞0.05). Conclusion: Using this method to guide the bending rod during the operation can well restore the sagittal angle and reconstruct the stability of the spine after operation.
Employing the equity lens to understand multisectoral partnerships: lessons from a mixed-method study in Canada
Authors: Gupta Suvadra Datta , Pisolkar Vaidehi , Alhassan Jacob Albin Korem , Judge Allap , Engler-Stringer Rachel , Gauvin Lise , Muhajarine Nazeem 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
BackgroundMultisectoral approaches to health are collaborations between stakeholders across multiple sectors, usually formed to combat issues that affect health but go beyond the purview of one particular sector. The significance of multisectoral partnerships to attain health equity has been widely acknowledged. However, the extent which equity can be attained depends upon the perceptions of various stakeholders. We examine how multisectoral partnerships promoting healthy eating and active living conceptualized and employed an equity lens in their work.MethodThis study is part of a larger pan-Canadian mixed-method research and knowledge sharing program entitled MUSE (Multisectoral Urban Systems for health and Equity in Canadian cities). Data collected from both quantitative and qualitative sources for two sites of the MUSE project-Saskatoon and Toronto were analyzed. In the qualitative part, 30 semi-structured key informant interviews were conducted with key stakeholders from six different multisectoral partnerships based in Saskatoon and Toronto. Data were analyzed in an inductive way. In the quantitative part, a survey with 37 stakeholder organizations was carried out. Simple descriptive statistics (means and percentages) were used to see the distribution of data and to supplement the qualitative analysis.ResultsEquity was not a central component in program design although participants addressing equity, did so by discussing accessibility. How much consideration was given to equity varied as a function of the type of partnership. Most participants emphasized geographical accessibility but a few mentioned financial accessibility. Collaborative leadership style facilitated participatory decision-making process, and thereby upheld equity in the partnership decision making process. Communication, networking, and negotiation skills were found to be core competencies of a leader that contributed in upholding equity in partnership dynamics. The study also found some challenges to embed equity in partnership works, such as the lack of comprehensive understanding of population health and the equity tenet within it.ConclusionsFindings indicate that multisectoral partnerships aimed at promoting healthy eating and physical activity struggle to attain equity within the partnership as well as in the partnership-based works aimed at reducing health equity in populations. Factors identified can support decision-makers commit to and work to attaining equity within their partnerships as well as in the partnership-based work in the community and beyond.
Morphology of a median callosal artery in human fetuses: some similarities and differences from adults
Authors: Vasovic Ljiljana , Mrkaic Ana 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose
A variable artery in the anterior cerebral circulation, named median callosal artery (MdCA) belongs to one of the three groups of anteromedial central branches of the anterior communicating artery (ACoA). The lack of information on the status of the MdCA in human fetuses inspired the authors to explore and present its morphological features.
Methods
Archived personal data on preserved descriptions, length and outer diameter (OD) of main arteries in the brain base with support of the corresponding slides of 193 human fetuses is retrospectively analyzed.
Results
There is 87/193 or 45.07% of MdCA cases in fetuses aging 12.5 to 25 gestational weeks (17 weeks, in average). The MdCA was more frequent in male fetuses. The MdCA originating from the single ACoA is found in 4.66% of the cases. There are also MdCAs originating from the so-called anterior communicating rete (16.58%), as well from the partially duplicated (5.69%) and total duplicated ACoA (10.88%). The OD of the MdCA (0.1 − 0.4 mm) is not in relationship with the diameters of the anterior cerebral artery (ACA). It is proved an unusual convergent union of initial ACA medial vessels and partial duplication at MdCA beginning and its trunk fenestrations, as well as bilateral distribution of MdCA branches.
Conclusion
Presented data on uncommon appearance of MdCA abnormalities and the possible convergent union of initial vessels of the MdCA which belongs to the carotid system will be an important contribution to the anatomy of cerebral arteries in the midline.
Effect of erosive media on microhardness and fracture toughness of CAD-CAM materials
Authors: Elraggal Alaaeldin , Afifi Rania , Abdelraheem Islam 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Erosive acids might create surface flaws and deteriorate the mechanical properties of CAD-CAM materials. This invitro study aimed to investigate the effect of simulated gastric HCl and extrinsic erosive acids on surface microhardness and fracture toughness of CAD-CAM materials. Methods: 400 bar-shaped specimens (17x4x2mm) were prepared from 4 different CAD -CAM materials (n=100/group); monolithic zirconia (Ceramill Zolid HT+, Amanngirbach, Austria), lithium disilicate ceramic (IPS e.max CAD, Ivoclar Vivadent, Liechtenstein), nanohybrid resin composite (Grandio Blocs, VOCO) and polymer-infiltrated glass network (Vita Enamic, VITA Zahnfabrik). Specimens from each material type were further subdivided into 5 groups (n=20) according to the erosive media applied (simulated gastric HCl, white wine, Coca-Cola, orange juice, and artificial saliva that served as a control). Specimens were immersed for 24 hrs in an incubator at 37 ℃, then ultrasonically cleaned in distilled water and air-dried. Half of the specimens were tested for Vickers microhardness (VH) at parameters of 500 gf for 10 s, while the rest of the specimens underwent 3-point flexure till fracture. Fractured surfaces were examined under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) for fracture toughness (KIC) calculation using the quantitative fractographic analysis method. Data collected were statistically analyzed using two-way analysis of variance (α=0.05) after verification of data normality and homogeneity of variances. Results: Erosive media created surface flaws that lowered the surface microhardness of the material and initiated the fracture pattern under different loads according to material type. The material type was a more predominant factor than erosive media that affected either the microhardness or the fracture toughness of CAD-CAM materials. The highest VH and KIC values were found among Ceramill Zolid HT+ groups followed by IPS e.max CAD and Grandio Blocs regardless of the erosive media employed. Erosive media significantly reduced the VH and KIC in VITA Enamic specimens compared to the rest of the material types. Conclusion: All CAD-CAM materials used, except Vita Enamic, showed high resistance against the erosive acids indicating higher longevity of the material in patients frequently exposed to either extrinsic or intrinsic acid.
Identification of core promoter and variants regulating chicken CCKAR expression
Authors: wang zhepeng , Reid Angus M A , Wilson Peter W , Dunn Ian C 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background: Decreased expression of chicken CCKAR gene attenuates satiety, which contributes to increased food intake and growth of modern broilers. The study aims to define the core promoter of CCKAR, and to identify variants associated with expression activity.Methods and results: The 21-kb region around the CCKAR was re-sequenced to detect sequence variants. A series of 5’-deleted promoter plasmids were constructed to define the core promoter of CCKAR. Effect of sequence variants located in promoter (PSNP) and conserved (CSNP) regions on promoter activity was analyzed by comparing luciferase activity between haplotypes. A total of 182 variants were found in the 21-kb region. But no large structural variants were found. The pNL-328/+183, the one with the shortest insertion, showed the highest activity among six promoter constructs. To find out variants associated with CCKAR expression, this study compared promoter activities between haplotypes on each construct. We detected significant difference of promoter activities between haplotypes on four of six promoter constructs. The high-growth haplotype of pNL-1646/+183, pNL-799/+183 and pNL-528/+183 showed lower activities than the low-growth haplotype, which is in the direct with decreased expression of CCKAR in high-growth chickens. The expected difference was also detected on the CSNP5-containing construct.Conclusions: The data reveals the core promoter of CCKAR located within the 328-bp region upstream from the transcription start site. Low promoter activities shown the high-growth haplotypes in the reporter assay suggest that CSNP5 and promoter variants form promising molecular basis for decreased expression of CCKAR and high growth of chickens.
In vitro and In vivo effects of Cucumis melo seeds extract and its purified trypsin inhibitor on angiogenesis and tumor characteristics in balb-c mice with breast cancer in comparison with tamoxifen
Authors: Haghshenas Mohammad Reza , Rezaei Shahla , Azarpira Negar , Koohpeyma Farhad , Yousefi Reza , Heidari Mojdeh , Doaei Saeid , Mazloom Zohreh 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Melon seeds as an excellent supply of protease inhibitors may have a protective role against tumor progression and angiogenesis. However, its anti-angiogenesis effects and related mechanism of action during cancer progression remain elusive. This study aimed to investigate the impact of bioactive compounds of melon seed on the expression of angiogenesis genes in breast cancer cell lines.Methods: Trypsin inhibitor (TI) was purified from the seed powder of Cucumis melo (Muskmelon) Half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was determined for TI, extract of melon seed powder (EXT), and tamoxifen (TAM) by (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) test. Breast tumor was induced by subcutaneous injection of MC4-L2 cell line in blab-c inbreed mice breast tissue. After tumor growth, mice were treated with TI, EXT, and TAM in different doses and combinations to examine their effects on the tumor characteristics and the expression of angiogenesis-related genes including MMP-2, MMP-9, and VEGF using the RT-PCR method.Results: TI, EXT, TAM, and adjuvant treatment of TI+TAM resulted in a reduction in expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, and VEGF. All treatments improved breast tumor characteristics and necrosis. The RT-PCR method verified the positive effects of treatments on breast cancer cell lines and tumors.Conclusion: The results indicated that trypsin Inhibitor Purified from Cucumis melo seeds alone and in combination with tamoxifen might be a potential therapy with beneficial anti-angiogenesis and anti-tumor effects in breast cancer. Further studies are warranted.
How effective and reliable is YouTube videos about mPCNL in the treatment planning process?
Authors: Yılmaz Mehmet , Şahin Yusuf , Hacibey İbrahim , Sönmez Salih Zeki , Muslumanoglu Ahmet Yaser 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this study, reliability, efficacy, and quality of YouTube videos on miniaturized PCNL procedures were assessed using a scoring system.Video searches were conducted using keywords miniaturized percutaneous nephrolithotomy (mPCNL), ultra-miniPCNL (UMP) and super-miniPCNL (SMP) via https://www.youtube.com. All videos >2 minutes, in English and containing the procedure of mPCNL were ordered and listed according to relevance and popularity. Validated GQS and Reliability scales were used for quality and content analysis of the videos, confirmed video power index (VPI) was used to assess video popularity, and the mPCNL score, developed by 3 endourologists, was used to measure the informational and educational value of the videos.While specialists (61.9%) were the main source for uploading 63 videos included in the study, the largest target group was patients (61.9%). Operation procedures (68.3%) was the main content and the highest upload region was Asian continent (66.7%). The majority of videos were in English (60.3%), focused on standard mPCNL rather than miniaturization subtypes (77.8%). Mean VPI, GQS, reliability, mPCNL scores were 4.61, 2.86, 2.61, 9.58 respectively. These parameters, which were positively correlated, were found to be statistically significantly higher for videos of 'academic' origin, 'Physicians' target audience and 'English audio' language format(P<0.05).Since mPCNL videos, which are popular and have high informational and educational value, are aimed at medical professionals rather than patients, they are not functional in treatment selection and explaining the procedure. By raising its standards, video portals can make the treatment process practical as a functional bridge between patients and healthcare professionals.
Contextual validation of the prediction of postoperative complications of colorectal surgery by the "ACS NSQIP ® Risk Calculator " (Sousse, Tunisia, 2015-2019)
Authors: Abdelkrim Mehdi ben , ELGHALI Mohamed Amine , MOUSSA Amany , ABDELAZIZ Ahmad BEN 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Context: Models for predicting individual risks of surgical complications are advantageous for operative decision making and the nature of postoperative management procedures.Objective: Validate the "ACS NSQIP ® Risk Calculator" in the prediction of postoperative complications during colorectal cancer surgery, operated during the years 2015-2019.Methods : this is a prognostic validation study of the “ACS NSQIP ® ” applied retrospectively to patients operated on for colorectal cancer in the surgical department of FarhatHached hospital, during the 2015 and 2019 five-year term. Three levels of adjustment. Discrimination and calibration were carried out mainly by ROC curves (AUC≥0.8).Results: In this study, 129 patients were included with a sex ratio of 1.22 and a median age of 62 years. The most common operative procedure was low segmental colectomy with colorectal anastomosis. Thirty-seven patients (28.7%) had had at least one postoperative complication. The prediction and cuts-off points values of mortality (AUC=0.858; CI95% [0.570-0.960]; Cuts-off points=1.8%), cardiac complications (AUC=0.824; CI95% [0.658-0.990] ; cuts-off points=1.8%), thromboembolic complications (AUC=0.802; CI95% [0.617-0.987]; cuts-off point=3.1%) and renal insufficiency (AUC=0.802; CI95% [ 0.623-0.981]; cuts-off point=1.2%) were adjusted according to level 1 of the calculator.Conclusion: This work contextualized the prediction of postoperative complications in colorectal surgery in the university general surgery department of FarhatHached in Sousse (Tunisia), making it possible to improve the quality and safety of surgical care. The application of the Tunisian mini calculator is recommended as well as the generalization of validation following the development of a generic calculator for all operating procedures.
Survival of persons living with HIV/AIDS: A multicentric study from India
Authors: Sinha Sanjeev , Samad Sameer Abdul , Bansal Garima , Verma Saurav , Sangle Shashikala A. , Guha Subhasish Kamal , Rajput Neetu , Thukral Himanshu , Pandey R. M. , Desai Devashish , Ranjan Sanjay , Salvi Sonali , Mundhe Sanjay , More Monika , Modak Dolanchampa , Datta Kalpana , Kabra S. K. , Lodha Rakesh , Das Bimal K 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) (PLHA) enrolled from antiretroviral therapy (ART) centers located in three different cities in India – Delhi, Pune and Kolkata, and were followed up at six monthly intervals monitoring the WHO stage, CD4 counts, complete blood counts and liver and kidney function tests, for a duration of three years. The incidence of mortality among HIV/AIDS patients on ART was 5·0 per 1000 patient years (21/1410, 1.4%). Age at initiation of ART being above 35 years was the only significant predictor of mortality (log rank p = 0·018). Multivariable analysis showed significant association of an unfavourable outcome (defined as mortality or development of opportunistic infection during follow-up) with male gender (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 5.26, p = < 0.01) and being unmarried at ART initiation (AOR = 1.39, p = 0.005). The survival of PLHA with good adherence to ART is independent of the WHO stage or CD4 counts at initiation of ART.
Cholesterol Pleural Effusion caused by Tuberculosis: Case Report and Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Wang Le , Zhou Daming , Hu Haitao , Yu Wenqing , Ding Mingdong , Zhang Wei , Zhang Yun , Li Yang , Du Zhixiang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background:
Pleural effusion (PE) is a common disease in clinical practice. Cholesterol PE or pseudochylothorax is a special type of exudative PE. For the lack of deep understanding of cholesterol PE, it is easy to misdiagnose in clinical practice.
Case presentation:
A 65-year-old male patient was diagnosed with Secondary tuberculosis (both lungs, smear positive, initial treatment), Tuberculous pleurisy, Cholesterol Pleural Effusion. 800 ml yellow pleural effusion (“Motor-oil” appearance) was drained from the patient’s pleural space after admission. A large number of crystals were observed from the patients’ pleural effusion. The level of Cholesterol (CHOL) of the patients’ PE was 11.41mmol/L. According to the weight of the patients, Isoniazid (0.3g/d), Rifampicin (0.45g/d), Pyrazinamide (2g/d), and Ethambutol (0.75g/d) were used to treat tuberculosis. And small doses of glucocorticoids (start with 32 mg of methylprednisolone, then decrease by 8 mg every week, and stop after 4 weeks) were used to inhibit pleural effusion. The pleural effusion was obviously absorbed, and the sputum smear was negative of the patient subsequent to his visit On May 22, 2021
Conclusions:
Cholesterol PE is a rare condition that mainly results from tuberculosis or rheumatoid diseases. “Motor-oil” appearance, numerous rhomboid-shaped cholesterol crystals, and pleural fluid cholesterol (PFCHOL) higher than 200 mg/dL are the key characteristics of Cholesterol PE. The treatment of Cholesterol PE is dependent upon the underlying disease. Glucocorticoid seemed to be an effective adjunctive therapy for Cholesterol PE.
Human vitelline vein remnant originating from the umbilical cord, passing though the extracelomic cavity of physiological herniation and ending at the midgut mesentery
Authors: Kim Ji Hyun , Jin Zhe-Wu , Yamamoto Masahito , Murakami Gen , Abe Shin-ichi , Rodríguez-Vázquez José Francisco 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose: The mechanism and timing of the degeneration and disappearance of the upstream portion of the human vitelline vein (VV) are unclear. Methods: Sagittal and horizontal histological sections from eight embryos and 19 fetuses (gestational age approximately 6-12 weeks; crown-rump length 11-61 mm) were examined. Results: Two types of VV candidates were observed: a long VV on the right superior side of the mesentery of the jejunum (VV1) and a short VV on the left inferior side of the mesentery (VV2). The VV1, observed in 12 specimens, was 20-30 microns in diameter and ran dorsally between the right liver lobe and the jejunum, subsequently merging with an initial superior mesenteric vein on the pancreatic head immediately below the superior portion of the duodenum. The VV2, observed in four specimens, passed dorsally between loops of the ileum on the left side of the mesentery of the ileum and ended at the mesentery. Many of these candidates did not originate from the umbilical cord but suddenly started in the sack of physiological herniation. Conclusions: At 10-12 weeks, the VV candidates originated from the umbilicus and were involved by the expanding greater omentum. The right-sided and left-sided VVs seemed to correspond to right and left VV remnants, respectively, and both took an upstream course outside the mesentery of the jejunum and ileum. The right VV upstream portion was likely to disappear later than the left one, but the timing of degeneration varied greatly among individuals, depending on the topographical relationship between the right liver lobe and the jejunum.