bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diffusive regimes in a two-dimensional chiral fluid
Authors: López-Castaño Miguel Ángel , Reyes Francisco Vega , Rodríguez-Rivas Álvaro 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We have found strong experimental evidence of odd diffusion in a chiral fluid (composed in this case of a set of identical disk-shaped rotors); i.e., in general — but not always— the chiral fluid displays strong anisotropic diffusion, represented here by an antisymmetric two-dimensional tensor. In particular, we show that chiral diffusion is strikingly complex (featuring transitions between super, quasi-normal, and sub diffusion), and very slowly aging. Moreover, we show that the diffusion tensor elements (including off-diagonal elements; i.e. odd diffusion coefficient) change sign according to the flow vorticity value. Therefore, the chiral fluid appears to have a self regulated diffusive behavior, controlled by chiral vorticity.
Job burnout, depression and anxiety symptoms: the mediating role of psychological capital among 969 managers in eastern China
Authors: Jiang Zhaoqiang , Jiang Huiquan , Jin Mingying , Chen Junqiang , Lin Guomin , Chen Junfei , Feng Lingfang , Xia Hailing , Li Yongxin , Xu Huadong , Liu Shuang , Lou Jianlin , Ni Zhe 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objectives: Psychological capital plays an important role in the improvement of mental health. However, the mediating role of psychological capital between job burnout and mental problems has rarely been addressed. This study aims to explore the association between burnout and anxiety and depression symptoms, and the mediating role of psychological capital in this association among managers in eastern China. Methods: A total of 969 managers were recruited to complete a structured questionnaire consisting of items from demographic characteristics, job burnout, anxiety, to depression symptoms using the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and psychological capital scale. The associations between burnout, psychological capital, depression, and anxiety symptoms using multivariate linear regression models. The significance of the mediation effect was calculated using the Sobel test.Results: A total of 969 participants were recruited. The average scores of burnout, psychological capital, depression, and anxiety symptoms were (36.6±14.9), (4.7±0.7), (5.0±4.5), and (6.1±4.9), respectively. Job burnout was positively associated with depression and anxiety symptoms (P < 0.001), and negatively associated with psychological capital (r = -0.46, P < 0.001). Psychological capital mediated the association between job burnout and depression symptoms (P = 0.02). Conclusions: Our findings contribute to the understanding the mediating role of psychological capital in the association between job burnout and depression. Interventions are needed to improve positive psychological capital for the management of the burnout and mental problems among managers.
Rotating Behind Security: An enhanced authentication protocol for IoT-enabled devides in distributed cloud computing architecture
Authors: Wu Tsu-Yang , Kong Fangfang , Meng Qian , Kumari Saru , Chen Chien-Ming 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
As Internet of Things (IoT) technology continues to advance, IoT devices have permeated every part of life. The emergence of cloud computing has become a key technology for solving the memory limitation problem of IoT devices, greatly promoting resource sharing, facilitating user access to information at any time, and providing IoT services. However, IoT message is transferred over public channels and is therefore accessible to attacks in the IoT-based cloud computing environment, resulting in user and server privacy leakage. To solve this issue, Amin et al. proposed an authentication protocol for use in this environment. However, Kang et al. proved that their protocol had many security vulnerabilities and proposed an improved authentication protocol. Recently, Huang et al. found security vulnerabilities in Kang et al.’s protocol and designed an enhanced protocol of their own. In this article, we first demonstrate that Huang et al.’s enhanced protocol is vulnerable to privileged insider attacks and temporary value leakage attacks. Then, based on their protocol an enhanced authentication protocol is proposed for IoT-enabled devices in a distributed cloud computing architecture. Finally, security analysis and performance comparisons are conducted, showing that our protocol has both greater security and better performance.
MONitoring Knockbacks in EmergencY (MONKEY) - An Audit of Outcomes in Emergency Patients with Rejected Admission Requests
Authors: Zhang Wendell , Wong Lee Yung , Liu Jasmine , Sarkar Soham 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Emergency department (ED) clinicians commonly experience difficulties in referring patients to inpatient teams for hospital admission. There is limited literature reporting on patient outcomes following these complicated referrals, where ED requests for inpatient admission are rejected – termed a ‘knockback’.
Study Objective:
To identify disposition outcomes in ED patients whose admission referral was initially rejected, i.e., encountered a ‘knockback.’ Secondary objectives were to identify additional factors associated with knockbacks.
Methods
A prospective audit of patients identified as having knockbacks over two time periods (Jan-Feb 2020 and Aug 2020 to Jan 2021) at a tertiary Australian ED. Data was analysed with a mixed-methods approach and subsequent descriptive and thematic analyses were performed.
Results
A total of 109 patients were identified as knockbacks. Despite the knockback, 89.0% of cases (n = 97) ultimately required a hospital admission. Moreover, in 60.6% (n = 66) of the admissions, patients were admitted under the inpatient team initially referred to by the ED. There was a statistically significant link between the number of in-hospital units involved in the admission process and the ED length of stay (Pearson correlation 0.404, p < 0.001). Patient factors associated with knockbacks include pre-existing chronic medical conditions and presenting acutely unwell. In line with previous studies, analysis of clinicians’ perspectives yielded recurring themes of disagreements over admission destination and diagnostic uncertainty.
Conclusion
The admission process of patients from the ED to inpatient teams is often an arduous process complicated by numerous factors and is associated with an increased ED length of stay. However, ED clinicians accurately referred to the correct inpatient unit in almost two thirds of this patient sample, and most patients required an inpatient admission. Knockbacks may adversely affect patient care and warrant further focused discussion and clearer referral guidelines between ED clinicians and their inpatient colleagues.
Paediatric CNS tumours
Authors: Nair Rajesh Parameshwaran , Nayal Bhavna , Beedkar Saurabh , Menon Girish 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Published literature on epidemiological profile of paediatric brain tumours in India is limited. Aim: To present a retrospective analysis of the histological spectrum of 158 paediatric age group central nervous system tumours operated in a single tertiary care hospital in Coastal South India between January 2015 and December 2021. Material and Methods: Retrospective analysis of the data regarding frequencies of various primary brain tumours among 158 paediatric patients (<18 years of age). The tumours were categorised according to the revised 4th edition of World Health Organization (WHO) classification of tumours of the Central Nervous system. Results: Paediatric CNS constituted 8.5% of total intracranial tumours (158/1860) operated in the study period. The mean age of the patients was 10.2 years and a definite male predominance was noted. (1.54 :1) Astrocytomas, glioneuronal tumours, and neuronal tumours constituted the majority (72 /158; 45.6%) followed by embryonal tumours (31/158;19.6%) and craniopharyngiomas(24/158;15.4%) .Of the glial neoplasms majority were pilocytic and other astrocytic tumours(41.6 %), followed by mixed neuroglial tumours (19.4%), diffuse high grade astrocytomas (Grade III/IV) (11.1%), diffuse low -grade astrocytomas (Grade II) (9.7%) and ependymomas (13.8%). Our series also included six meningiomas (3.8%), five germ cell tumours (3.16%), four nerve sheath tumours (2.53%), two choroid plexus tumours (1.26%), two pineal parenchymal tumours (1.26%) and one metastasis from a soft tissue sarcoma from the thigh. Supratentorial tumours (58.2%) were more common than posterior fossa (34.6%) and spinal tumours (7.6%) and visual pathway gliomas accounted for 5.6% of all our tumours Conclusions: Paediatric central nervous system tumours are more common in boys and in the second decade of life. Astrocytomas are the most common paediatric brain tumours followed by medulloblastomas and craniopharyngiomas. Pediatric tumours affect the supratentorial compartment more often than the infratentorial compartment. The profile of paediatric brain tumours in our series is similar to that reported from other Indian centres as well as most western literature.
Cobb angle measurements on lateral lumbar radiographs obtained in the lateral recumbent position: A Ghanaian study
Authors: Anim-Sampong Samuel , Sule Derick Seyram , Adjoyi Emmanuel Mawuli , Oblitey Jared Nii , Hewlett Vincent Kwaku , Gbadamosi Hafisatu , Ashimatey Foster 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Lumbar lordosis and its quantification are important for clinical consideration. The Cobb method is one of the important radiographic methods for estimating lumbar lordosis. Supine lateral lumbar radiographs remain the gold standard for accurate measurement of lumbar lordosis. This study aimed at measuring the average lumbar lordosis of Ghanaian patients using the Cobb method.
Methods
Using a goniometer, Cobb angle measurements were manually made on lumbar spine radiographs with no spinal deformities obtained from three study sites from April 2021 to June 2021. Subgroup analyses of lumbar lordotic angles (LLAs) were also conducted.
Results
The average LLAs obtained from the radiographs of the 118 patients were 27.18o (SD = 13.05o) for the L1-L5 and 43.56o (SD = 14.58o) for the L1-S1. The LLAs for females [L1-L5: 29.85o (SD = 11.59o), L1-S1: 47.076o (SD = 13.354o) were higher than males: L1-L5:24.32o (SD = 13.98o); L1-S1: 39.81o (SD = 15.05o). Younger patients had higher LLAs. There was a strong positive correlation between L1-S1 and L1-L5 values (R = 0.825) in the Ghanaian populace. The LLAs generally decreased with aging. Finally, LLAs are gender dimorphic among Ghanaians with higher values reported in females.
Conclusion
This study revealed the existence of an association between age and angle of lumbar lordosis and gender dimorphism in Ghanaian patients. Disc herniation occurs at higher levels of the spine as age increases and lumbar lordotic Cobb’s angle decreases. The LLA and age can therefore be assumed as predictors of the level of lumbar disc herniation.
A Novel Random Finite Element Model for Frost Effects on Soils and Cold Region Pavement
Authors: Yu Xiong , Dong Shaoyang , Jiang Yusheng 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This paper describes the development of a random finite element model (RFEM) that allows holistic simulation of frozen soil behaviors, including the effects of phase transition and the consequent internal stress and volume changes. The performance of the model is firstly validated with laboratory experiments. The model is implemented to simulate the effects of frost action on pavement. The coupled thermal-mechanical actions including the mechanical responses of subgrade soils subjected to freezing temperature and its effects on the pavement structure are analyzed. The results show that the frost action and expansion of ice lenses change the interaction modes between pavement layers. This leads to increase of stress and deformation in the pavement layer. Methods to mitigate the effects of frost heave are analyzed with this model. The simulation results indicate that the detrimental effects of frost heave on the pavement structure can be mitigated by increasing the thickness of base layer, use of thermal insulation layer or improve drainage in the subgrade layer. The RFEM combines the advantages of discrete element model (DEM) in holistically describing the microstructure effects and in the finite element model (FEM) in terms of computational efficiency. This allows to focus research on understanding the behaviors of individual soils phase and their interfacial interactions.
A Study of transverse bowing defect in cold roll forming asymmetric corrugated channels
Authors: Xu Chuntian , Chen Jianchao , Wei Yifan , Han Han , Zong Xu , Yuan Ye 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The transverse bowing greatly affects accuracy of the roll forming asymmetric corrugated channels (ACC). In order to control this defect, the paper first elucidates its mechanism of the production. Then the transverse bowing is explored by finite element method (FEM) using ABAQUS 2016 software and the effects of the forming parameters are analyzed. Also, a linear regression model is built using Minitab 19 software to evaluate their effects, of which standard values are measured by Pareto chart. It is observed that the number of forming channels has the greatest effect, followed by the roll gas and bending angle, and the friction coefficient has the least. Finally, to decrease the transverse bowing defect (TBD), the dominant forming parameters are optimized according to the evaluation results and the operating conditions. And the results of simulation and optimization are verified by experiments, respectively. This research shows that the TBD can be greatly controlled by the optimization of three dominant forming parameters including the roll gap, bending angle and inter-station distance for given ACC.
Association of Dopamine β-Hydroxylase Polymorphism rs1611115 And Serum Levels with Psychiatric Disorders in Pakistani Population
Authors: Hashmi Aisha Nasir , Dharejo Raees Ahmed , Zubair Usama Bin , Khan Netasha , Kashif Iqra , Ajmal Muhammad , Taj Rizwan , Qamar Raheel , Azam Maleeha 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Dopamine β-hydroxylase (DBH) is a copper-containing enzyme that has an important role in maintaining the cellular homeostasis between the two neurotransmitters, dopamine (DA) and nor-adrenaline (NA). DBH functional polymorphisms are associated with multiple neuro-psychiatric conditions and are found to alter the DBH protein levels in serum, affecting DBH enzymatic activity. The current study was conducted to determine the genetic association of DBH functional polymorphism rs1611115 and its effect on DBH levels in serum in major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BPD) and schizophrenia (SHZ) in the Pakistani population. In total n = 1097 subjects including MDD (n = 427), BPD (n = 204), SHZ (n = 134) and healthy controls (n = 332), were screened for rs1611115 by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Univariate logistic regression was applied and results were adjusted for age and sex (multivariant analysis). The DBH levels in serum were determined through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the Mann Whitney U test was applied. The results showed a significant association of minor allele (-1021C > T) with a higher risk of developing BPD and SHZ in both univariable and multivariable analyses. Moreover, the overall total serum concentration of DBH was comparatively raised in MDD, however, in cross-comparison DBH serum levels were found markedly higher in CC homozygotes compared to TT homozygotes within the BPD group. Thus the present study suggested a significant association of DBH rs1611115 with BPD and SHZ and also the effect of rs1611115 on DBH serum levels in MDD and BPD, for the first time in the Pakistani population.
Adapter Based Fine-Tuning of Pre-Trained Multilingual Language Models for Code-Mixed and Code-Switched Text Classification
Authors: Rathnayake Himashi , Sumanapala Janani , Rukshani Raveesha , Ranathunga Surangika 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Code-mixing and code-switching (CMCS) are frequent features in online conversations. Classification of such text is challenging if one of the languages is low-resourced. Fine-tuning pre-trained multilingual language models (PMLMs) is a promising avenue for code-mixed text classification. In this paper, we explore adapter-based fine-tuning of PMLMs for CMCS text classification. We introduce sequential and parallel stacking of adapters, continuous fine-tuning of adapters, and training adapters without freezing the original model as novel techniques with respect to single-task CMCS text classification. We also present a newly annotated dataset for the classification of Sinhala-English code-mixed and code-switched text data, where Sinhala is a low-resourced language. Our dataset of 10000 user comments has been manually annotated for five classification tasks: sentiment analysis, humor detection, hate speech detection, language identification, and aspects identification, thus making it the first publicly available Sinhala-English CMCS dataset with the largest number of annotation types. In addition to this dataset, we also carried out experiments on our proposed techniques with Kannada-English and Hindi-English datasets. These experiments confirm that our adapter-based PMLM fine-tuning techniques outperform, or are on par with the basic fine-tuning of PMLM models.
Conditional knockout of ITGB4 in bronchial epithelial cells directs bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: Chen Yu , Jiang Wang , Wang Jin-Mei , Ma Xiao-Di , Wu Di , Liu Le-Xin , Ji Ming , Qu Xiang-Ping , Liu Chi , Liu Hui-Jun , Qin Xiao-Qun , Xiang Yang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Neonatal respiratory system disease is closely associated with embryonic lung development. Our group found that Integrin β4(ITGB4) is downregulated in the airway epithelium of asthma patients. Asthma is the most common chronic respiratory illness in childhood. Therefore, we suspect whether the deletion of ITGB4 would affect fetal lung development? In this study, we characterized the role of ITGB4 deficiency in Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Methods: ITGB4 was conditionally knocked out in CCSP-rtTA; Tet-O-Cre; ITGB4f/f triple transgenic mice administrating doxycycline from E7.5 to P42. Lung tissues at different developmental stages were collected for experimental detection and transcriptome sequencing. The expression of lung-development-relevant factors were evaluated by transcriptome sequencing, WB and Immunohistochemical. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were collected to perform Total cell and differential inflammatory cell counts. The effects of ITGB4 deficiency on lung branching morphogenesis were observed by fetal mouse lung explants culture. Results: We found that β4CCSP.Cre mice exhibit significant lighter body weight comparing to age-matched littermate control β4f/f, and the difference became more distinct as their age increase. ITGB4 deficiency shows no significant impact on the ratio of lung weight to body weight and the overall survival rates of mice. Deleting ITGB4 from the airway epithelial cells result in enlarged alveolar airspaces, inhibition of branching, the overlapping of epithelium cells and the impairment of cilial growth during lung development. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the airway epithelial cilia of β4CCSP.Cre group appear to be sparse, shortened, and lodging. Lung-development-relevant factors such as SPTPC、SOX2 significantly decreased in both mRNA and protein level. KEGG pathway analysis indicated that multiple ontogenesis-regulating-relevant pathway converge to FAK, accordingly, ITGB4 deletion decreased phospho-FAK, phospho-GSK3β, SOX2 level, and correspondingly contrary consequence was detected after treatment with GSK3β agonist（wortmannin）. Airway branching defect of β4CCSP.Cre mice lung explants was also partly recovered after wortmannin treatment. Conclusions: Airway epithelial-specific deletion of ITGB4 contributes to lung developmental defect, which could be achieved through the FAK/GSK3β/SOX2 signal pathway.
Emission Spectroscopy Diagnosis of Arc-heated Plasma in Martian and Earth Atmosphere
Authors: Zeng Hui , Ou Dongbin , Wen Peng , Zhu Xinying , Yang Guoming 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In-situ quantitative measurements are performed in a 300 kW DC magnetically-rotating linear plasma torch to investigate thermal characteristics of arc plasma and electrode erosion by utilizing optical emission spectroscopy. Time-resolved gas temperatures and mole fraction of copper concentrations are measured to evaluate the state of arc plasma and cathode erosion at different operation currents and magnetic fields. The erosion mass rates of the cathode by the OES method are in good accordance with the measurements by traditional weighing method over the operation range, demonstrating validity and accuracy for the developed OES method. The erosion rates of cathode for CO2 plasma are lower than that for air plasma due to carbon element covering in the inner surface of the electrode by the SEM images. Detailed discussions of sensitivity and uncertainty by the OES method are given for air plasma and for CO2 plasma.
Prevalence and Factors Associated with Adverse Drug Reactions Among Heart Failure Patients Hospitalized at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital, Uganda
Authors: Shegena Efrata Ashuro , Nigussie Konjit Abebe , Tamukong Robert , Lumori Boniface , Yadesa Tadele Mekuriya 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Adverse drug reaction (ADR) of medications remains an obstacle to achieving optimal disease outcomes. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of ADR among Heart failure (HF) patients hospitalized at Mbarara Regional and Referral Hospital.
Method
A prospective observational study was conducted among hospitalized HF patients from November 2021 to January 2022. The statistical data analysis was carried out using SPSS version 21. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression was employed to determine factors associated with the ADR.
Result
Overall, 118 HF patients were included in the study with a median age of 43 years. A total of 164 ADRs were identified during the follow-up period of 1011 days. The incidence of new ADRs was 106 ADRs/1000 person-days. The prevalence of ADR was 59.3%. Of the 164 ADRs, 118(71.9%) were probable. The gastrointestinal system was the most frequently (27.5%) affected system. Over half (86, 52.4%) of the ADRs were mild and 96(58.5%) were preventable. Age group 19–59(AOR 0.15[0.03–0.35] at 95%CI, p = 0.013), herbal use (AOR 3.07[1.01–9.32] at 95%CI, p = 0.048), poly-pharmacy (AOR 8.7[2.4 − 15.77] at 95%CI, p < 0.001) and drug-drug interaction (AOR 6.06[2.79–12.5] at 95%CI, p = 0.004) were significantly associated with ADRs among HF patients.
Conclusion
More than half of the hospitalized HF patients experienced at least one ADR during their hospital stay. The use of herbal medicines, poly-pharmacy, and drug-drug interaction were associated with a high risk of ARDs whereas the age group 19–59 years was less likely to experience ARDs.