bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimisation of wheelset maintenance by using a reduced flange wear wheel profile
Authors: Muhamedsalih Yousif , Tucker Gareth , Stow Julian 
Published: June 2022

This paper investigates whether it is possible to develop a wheel profile design that will extend wheelset life compared to an existing commonly used Great Britain passenger wheel profile, the P8. The P8 wheel profile was originally developed in the late 1960s as an alternative to a 1:20 coned wheel profile (the P1). The P1 often required frequent turning as the conicity could increase quickly over time as the wheel wore in service. The P8 was designed based on an average worn shape of a P1 wheel. The P8 was found to stay closer to its original shape as it wore in service. However, new P8 wheels or newly profiled P8 wheels tend to experience a high initial flange wear rate in the first 20,000–30,000 miles, until the worn wheel shape reaches ‘dimensional stability’; after this, the flange width typically remains relatively constant. A ‘Reduced Flange Wear’ (RFW) wheel profile has been developed, based on the P8 profile but with a modified flange root geometry. The Wheel Profile Damage Model has been used to calculate how the proposed RFW wheel profile could reduce wear rates and therefore increase wheelset life. This paper presents results for a typical electric multiple unit train (EMU1) running on rural and suburban routes and a higher speed variant (EMU2) running on an inter-city route. The effect of the proposed RFW profile on rail rolling contact fatigue (RCF) has also been evaluated using the Whole Life Rail Model, for the same routes. The results suggest that the proposed RFW profile does reduce flange wear compared to a P8, with larger reductions achieved on routes that are more curvaceous. For wheel turning based purely on restoring wheel profile geometry, the RFW profile could half the amount of material removed at each turning (based on turning wheels at 250,000 miles). Furthermore, the results show that the RFW profile experiences slightly less wheel RCF damage than the P8. When new, the RFW profile appears to cause slightly higher rail RCF than a new P8 (For radii 700 m < R < 1300 m); however, the results suggest that worn RFW profiles cause very similar rail RCF to that caused by worn P8 wheels.
On becoming a dementia-friendly community: An empirical study of the individual factors that predict openness towards dementia-friendly communities
Authors: Parkinson Lauren , Sullivan Karen A , Graham Karen 
Published: June 2022

Background and objectives Evidence suggests that limited public awareness and dementia-related stigma can create barriers to community inclusiveness. This study explored the relation between public knowledge of dementia, attitudes towards people with dementia, experience with dementia and openness towards dementia-friendly communities. Research design and methods Two-hundred and twenty-nine members of the public completed a cross-sectional online survey with three established measures [Alzheimer’s Disease Knowledge Test, Attitudes Towards People with Dementia scale and Understanding of Health Problems survey] and one exploratory scale [Openness Towards Dementia-Friendly Communities]. An existing ‘mild’ dementia vignette was used to evaluate dementia recognition. Factors contributing to correct dementia recognition (knowledge, exposure to dementia, education and gender), worry about developing dementia (knowledge, exposure and respondent age), and openness towards dementia-friendly communities (knowledge, exposure and attitudes) were examined through group comparisons and a multiple linear regression. Results Consistent with the literature, the respondents had poor knowledge, reasonably good dementia recognition, and mostly positive attitudes towards people with dementia. None of the proposed factors were significantly associated with correct dementia recognition, and only gender was significantly associated with dementia worry. Knowledge and attitudes towards people with dementia (not exposure) were significant independent predictors of openness towards dementia-friendly communities. Discussion and implications The expansion of dementia-friendly communities will require further investment in awareness-raising initiatives to improve dementia knowledge and attitudes in the community. This study shows the importance of these factors in the broader community’s openness towards dementia-friendly communities.
Six Actionable Steps to Preparing Financially Quantified Value Propositions
Authors: McDonald Malcolm , Oliver Grant 
Published: June 2022

This practitioner-oriented article represents a strand of research by the author into the practice of developing financially quantified value propositions for customers, which is the focus of this article. There is an appendix that spells out other meanings of the word ‘value’. The data used were gathered over a 5-year period from attendance and keynote addresses on the topic of value. In total, twelve conferences and 1,200 marketing practitioners were asked about their value propositions (defined in this article) via audience response systems in order to guarantee honest answers. The results indicate that fewer than 3% have financially quantified value propositions. This compares with a verbal estimate from McKinsey of 5%. The main conclusion, while only indicative, is that it is a very low percentage of UK companies. A review of the literature on value propositions failed to reveal any kind of quantitative process for developing financially quantified value propositions, so the author developed such a process and tested it on 20 organizations, global and local in order to refine it. This article sets out the results of this work and is summarized here as a six-step process. It is important to point out that the author of this article is deeply involved in the growing community of academics and practitioners who are striving to convince organizations that it is not only about creating value for customers, but also about creating value for employees, for all stakeholders and, of course for the Planet. All of this, however, is contingent upon creating value for customers, the major issue spelled out in this article.
What complete mitochondrial genomes tell us about the evolutionary history of the black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens
Authors: Guilliet J. , Baudouin G. , Pollet N. , Filée J. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
The Black Soldier Fly (BSF) Hermetia illucens is a cosmopolitan fly massively used by industrial companies to reduce biowaste and produce protein and fat for poultry and aquaculture feed. However, the natural history and the genetic diversity of the BSF are poorly known. Here, we present a comprehensive phylogeny and time tree based on a large dataset of complete mitochondrial genomes better to understand the evolution and timing of the BSF.

Results
In this study, we analyzed 677 CO1 sequences derived from samples found all over the five continents, leading us to discover 52 haplotypes, including ten major haplotypes. This worldwide cryptic genetic and genomic diversity is mirrored at a local scale in France, in which we found five major haplotypes sometimes in sympatry. Phylogenetic analyses of 60 complete mitochondrial genomes robustly resolved the phylogeny of the major BSF haplotypes. We estimate the separation events of the different haplotypes at more than 2 million years for the oldest branches characterizing the ancestral split between present North American lineages and the other highly diverse south-central American clades, possibly the following radiation beyond the isthmus of Panama northwards. Our data confirm that this North American lineage ultimately gave birth to almost all commercial BSF stocks that participated in the worldwide BSF dissemination through farm escapements.

Conclusions
Our data resolve the phylogenetic relationships between the major lineages and give insights into the BSF’s short and long-term evolution. Our results indicate that commercial BSF stock’s genetic and genomic diversity is very low. These results call for a better understanding of the genomic diversity of the BSF to unravel possible specific adaptations of the different lineages for industrial needs and to initiate the selection process.
Combined lifestyle factors on mortality among the elder population: evidence from a Chinese cohort study
Authors: Sun Changqing , Liu Huimin , Xu Fei , Qin Ying , Wang Panpan , Zhou Qianyu , Liu Dandan , Jia Shanqun , Zhang Qiang 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Numerous studies have suggested that lifestyle-related factors are associated with mortality, however limited evidence is available for the Chinese elder population.

Methods
The data of this study was obtained from the Chinese Longitudinal Health Survey (CLHLS) during 2008 − 2018, lifestyle-related factors including body mass index (BMI), smoking, drinking, consumption of vegetables and fruits, physical activity and sleep duration were included as dependent variables in the analysis. A lifestyle risk score was created using six unhealthy behaviors: smoking, drinking, unhealthy weight, physical inactivity, not eat vegetables or fruits and short or prolonged sleep. The Kaplan–Meier curves were used to illustrate the cumulative effect of lifestyle factors on mortality and cox regression models were conducted to estimate the combined effects of lifestyle-related factors on total mortality.

Results
The results illustrated that low BMI, smoking, no fruit eating, and no physical inactivity were risk factors for total mortality. KM curves showed significant cumulative effect of unhealthy lifestyle factors on mortality. Compared with participants without any unhealthy factors, the hazard ratio (HR) for participants with six unhealthy factors was 1.335 (1.015,1.757) for all-cause mortality.

Conclusions
This study demonstrated poor adherence to a healthy lifestyle may increase all-cause mortality and specific combinations of lifestyle related factors have different effects on mortality among Chinese elderly population.
Quality newborn care in East New Britain, Papua New Guinea: measuring early newborn care practices and identifying opportunities for improvement
Authors: Wilson Alyce N. , Melepia Pele , Suruka Rose , Hezeri Priscah , Kabiu Dukduk , Babona Delly , Wapi Pinip , Spotswood Naomi , Bohren Meghan A. , Vogel Joshua P. , Kelly-Hanku Angela , Morgan Alison , Beeson James G. , Morgan Christopher , Vallely Lisa M. , Waramin Edward J. , Scoullar Michelle J. L. , Homer Caroline S. E. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Renewed attention and investment is needed to improve the quality of care during the early newborn period to address preventable newborn deaths and stillbirths in Papua New Guinea (PNG). We aimed to assess early newborn care practices and identify opportunities for improvement in one province (East New Britain) in PNG.

Methods
A mixed-methods study was undertaken in five rural health facilities in the province using a combination of facility audits, labour observations and qualitative interviews with women and maternity providers. Data collection took place between September 2019 and February 2020. Quantitative data were analysed descriptively, whilst qualitative data were analysed using content analysis. Data were triangulated by data source.

Results
Five facility audits, 30 labour observations (in four of the facilities), and interviews with 13 women and eight health providers were conducted to examine early newborn care practices. We found a perinatal mortality rate of 32.2 perinatal deaths per 1000 total births and several barriers to quality newborn care, including an insufficient workforce, critical infrastructure and utility constraints, and limited availability of essential newborn medicines and equipment. Most newborns received at least one essential newborn care practice in the first hour of life, such as immediate and thorough drying (97%).

Conclusions
We observed high rates of essential newborn care practices including immediate skin-to-skin and delayed cord clamping. We also identified multiple barriers to improving the quality of newborn care in East New Britain, PNG. These findings can inform the development of effective interventions to improve the quality of newborn care. Further, this study demonstrates that multi-faceted programs that include increased investment in the health workforce, education and training, and availability of essential equipment, medicines, and supplies are required to improve newborn outcomes.
Higher body mass index was associated with better prognosis in diabetic patients with stage II colorectal cancer
Authors: Liu Xiao-Yu , Kang Bing , Cheng Yu-Xi , Yuan Chao , Tao Wei , Zhang Bin , Wei Zheng-Qiang , Peng Dong 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of body mass index (BMI) on patients with concurrent colorectal cancer (CRC) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods
Patients who underwent primary radical CRC surgery from Jan 2011 to Jan 2020 were retrospectively collected. The perioperative information, overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were compared between the higher BMI group and the lower BMI group.

Results
A total of 574 patients with concurrent CRC and T2DM were included in this study. The higher BMI group had higher portion of hypertension (p < 0.01) and coronary heart disease (CHD) (p < 0.01). Furthermore, the higher BMI group had better OS (p = 0.016) and DFS (p = 0.040) than the lower BMI group in stage II CRC. In multivariate analysis, age (OS: p = 0.002, HR = 2.016, 95% CI = 1.307–3.109/ DFS: p = 0.003, HR = 1.847, 95% CI = 1.230–2.772), TNM stage (OS: p < 0.01, HR = 1.667, 95% CI = 1.281–2.169/ DFS: p = 0.001, HR = 1.545, 95% CI = 1.207–1.977), overall complications (OS: p = 0.004, HR = 1.837, 95% CI = 1.218–2.880/ DFS: p = 0.006, HR = 1.783, 95% CI = 1.184–2.686) and major complications (OS: p = 0.005, HR = 2.819, 95% CI = 1.376–5.774/ DFS: p = 0.014, HR = 2.414, 95% CI = 1.196–4.870) were independent factors of OS and DFS. Moreover, BMI (p = 0.019, HR = 0.413, 95% CI = 0.197–0.864) was an independent factor of OS in stage II CRC.

Conclusion
Higher BMI was associated with better OS in diabetic patients with stage II CRC.
Ecologic study of influenza vaccination uptake and COVID-19 death rate in New York City
Authors: Moreland Ashley , Gillezeau Christina , Eugene Adriana , Alpert Naomi , Taioli Emanuela 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
The aim of this ecological study was to assess the area-level relationship between cumulative death rate for COVID-19 and historic influenza vaccination uptake in the New York City population.

Methods
Predictors of COVID-19 death included self-reported influenza vaccination in 2017, as well as four CDC-defined risk factors of severe COVID-19 infection available at the ecological level, which were diabetes, asthma, BMI 30–100 (2 kg/m2) and hypertension, in addition to race and age (65 + years).

Results
After adjusting for potential confounders, for every one-unit increase in influenza vaccination uptake for each zip code area, the rate of COVID-19 deaths decreased by 5.17 per 100,000 residents (p < 0.0001).

Conclusions
Zip codes with a higher prevalence of influenza vaccination had lower rates of COVID-19 mortality, inciting the need to further explore the relationship between influenza vaccination uptake and COVID-19 mortality at the individual level.
eHealth usage among Chinese college students: qualitative findings
Authors: LIU Hua-xuan , CHOW Bik-chu , HU Chun , HASSEL Holger , HUANG Wendy Yajun 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
The information technology has developed rapidly with the evolution of internet environment transformed from requiring computer skills for information searching to self-managing health data and applying information. Therefore, a more diverse range of eHealth skills is required and these skills are referred as eHealth literacy. However, most eHealth literacy studies focused mainly on information searching skills. Little is known about eHealth usage behaviors of college students in this day and age.

Objectives
This study aimed to investigate how Chinese college students engage with eHealth tools and to determine the elements of their eHealth literacy.

Methods
A purposive sample of 18 Chinese college students was recruited for in-depth interviews. Interviewees included three males and three females of each city (Beijing, Wuhan and Putian) from sports, medical, and non-health-related majors. Conventional content analysis was applied for data analysis.

Results
The eHealth usage of different-major-students were compared and profiled by three themes of Expectance, Usage pattern and Perception. In Expectances, non-health major students applied eHealth only for urgent health need, sport major students used it to monitor health while medical major students, as frequent users for searching health database. In Usage pattern, purposes of eHealth for personal, practical and theoretical were identified for non-health major, sport major and medical major groups, respectively. In Perceptions, sport students felt more curious about eHealth than the other groups who perceived either fear (non-health students) or skeptical (medical students). By compiling those themes, the whole picture of eHealth usage was emerged. Based on that, the current study identified the related skills using the trilogy of Web 1.0 to 3.0, and derived a conceptual framework for eHealth literacy in the present day.

Conclusions
The current study obtained a comprehensive understanding of eHealth usage and a framework of eHealth literacy required for Chinese college students. And it gives a clearer look at web 3.0 related eHealth behaviors.
Ultrashort time-to-echo T2* and T2* relaxometry for evaluation of lumbar disc degeneration: a comparative study
Authors: Wu Li-Lan , Liu Li-Heng , Rao Sheng-Xiang , Wu Pu-Yeh , Zhou Jian-Jun 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
To compare potential of ultrashort time-to-echo (UTE) T2* mapping and T2* values from T2*-weighted imaging for assessing lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD),with Pfirrmann grading as a reference standard.

Methods
UTE-T2* and T2* values of 366 lumbar discs (L1/2-L5/S1) in 76 subjects were measured in 3 segmented regions: anterior annulus fibrosus, nucleus pulposus (NP), and posterior annulus fibrosus. Lumbar intervertebral discs were divided into 3 categories based on 5-level Pfirrmann grading: normal (Pfirrmann grade I),early disc degeneration (Pfirrmann grades II-III), and advanced disc degeneration (Pfirrmann grades IV-V). Regional differences between UTE-T2* and T2* relaxometry and correlation with degeneration were statistically analyzed.

Results
UTE-T2* and T2*value correlated negatively with Pfirrmann grades (P < 0.001). In NP, correlations with Pfirrmann grade were high with UTE-T2* values (r =  − 0.733; P < 0.001) and moderate with T2* values (r = -0.654; P < 0.001). Diagnostic accuracy of detecting early IVDD was better with UTE-T2* mapping than T2* mapping (P < 0.05),with receiver operating characteristic analysis area under the curve of 0.715–0.876.

Conclusions
UTE-T2* relaxometry provides another promising magnetic resonance imaging sequence for quantitatively evaluate lumbar IVDD and was more accurate than T2*mapping in the earlier stage degenerative process.
Comparison of the prognostic value of AJCC cancer staging system 7th and 8th editions for differentiated thyroid cancer
Authors: Morosán Allo Y. J. , Bosio L. , Morejón A. , Parisi C. , Faingold M. C. , Ilera V. , Gauna A. , Brenta G. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
In the last American Joint Committee on Cancer/Tumor, Node, Metastasis (AJCC/TNM) 8th edition (TNM8), several changes were introduced to this risk stratification system to improve the prognosis of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC).

Aim
To validate the impact of TNM8 vs. TNM 7th edition (TNM7) in DTC in terms of predictive value in two hospitals from Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Methods
Retrospective study of DTC patients from two institutions. Reclassification from TNM7 to TNM8, disease-specific survival (DSS), and final clinical outcomes at the end of follow-up (recurrent/persistent structural disease) (median 5 years) were analyzed. The proportion of variation explained (PVE) was used to compare the predictive capability of DSS of both classification systems.

Results
Reclassification of 245 patients, aged (mean ± SD) 55 ± 15.36 years, 91% women, to TNM8 from TNM7 showed: 82% vs 57% stage I (SI), 10% vs 8.5% SII, 5% vs 22% SIII, 3% vs 12% SIV (p < 0.01). Forty percent of the population was downstaged with TNM8. Ten-year DSS rates for SI, SII, SIII and SIV in TNM7 were 100, 100, 100 and 74%, respectively and in TNM8: 97.6, 100, 100 and 37.5%, respectively. Out of 4 disease-specific deaths in SIV TNM7, one was subclassified to SI TNM8, corresponding to a 53-year-old patient with structural persistence. PVE for TNM8 (29%) was more than twice that of TNM7 (13%).

Conclusion
In this Argentinian DTC patients sample, it was confirmed that the new TNM8 classification is more accurate in predicting survival attributable to cancer than its previous version.
The effect of gum Arabic supplementation on cathelicidin expression in monocyte derived macrophages in mice
Authors: Siednamohammeddeen Nagat , Badi Rehab , Mohammeddeen Tahane , Enan Khalid , AmalSaeed  
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are important effectors of the innate defense system. Cathelicidins, (CRAMP in mouse/rat, LL-37 in human) is one of the two major classes of AMPs in humans. The upregulation of LL-37 synthesis is a novel non-antibiotic approach to prevent or treat infectious diseases. Butyrate was found to induce Cathelicidin expression. Gum Arabic (GA), an exudate from Acacia senegaltree, is known for its prebiotic effects. Fermentation of GA by colonic bacteria increases serum butyrate concentrations. This study was conducted to investigate if GA supplementation can increase Cathelicidin expression in macrophages.

Methods
The study was an in-vivo experiment in mice. Thirty mice were randomly divided into three groups, ten mice per group. The two intervention groups received GA dissolved in drinking water in two different concentrations (15% w/v and 30% w/v) for 28 days. The third group served as a control. Blood was collected on Day 29 to isolate peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) which were cultured to obtain monocyte derived macrophages (MDMs). The transcription level of CRAMP was determined in MDMsby qPCR.

Results
We detected a significant increase (p = 0.023) in CRAMP expression in MDMs following 28 days of 15% GA supplementation, compared to the control group, but there was no significant change in the group on 30% GA supplementation (p = 0.055).

Conclusion
GAsupplementation can induce Cathelicidin expression in MDMs and the effect is dose dependent.