bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Volunteer Work as a Matter of Motivation
Authors: Güntert Stefan T. , Wehner Theo , Mieg Harald A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHardly any other topic has stimulated more research on volunteering than the question of what motivates volunteers and keeps them committed to their engagement. This chapter first presents an established approach to classifying and measuring the diverse motives for volunteering. Subsequently, this approach is extended and reflected on from the perspective of self-determination theory.
Die Multimodalität von Diskursen
Authors: Egbert Simon 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungDieses und das nächste Kapitel haben diejenigen Prämissen zum Gegenstand, die als grundlegende sozialtheoretische Basis für die vorliegende Arbeit dienen und die verfolgte Forschungsperspektive von Anbeginn wesentlich lenkten, indem sie festlegten, was überhaupt als Forschungsgegenstand erkannt und wie sich dieser begrifflich und intellektuell zugänglich gemacht wurde. Die Ausführungen stellen damit so etwas wie eine theoretische Selbstpositionierung dar, indem sie mein diesbezügliches Weltbild explizieren. Ich fasse diese Gedanken und Konzepte unter dem Sammelbegriff Sozialtheorie zusammen und folge damit im Grundsatz den Vorschlägen von Simmel, Lindemann, Knoblauch und Joas/Knöbl, die damit, in Abgrenzung zum Terminus ‚Gesellschaftstheorie‘, die soziologische Theoriearbeit höchster Abstraktionsebene benennen: jene Arbeit, die die Frage nach der Konstitution des Sozialen und der Perspektivierung ihres Forschungsgegenstandes zum Gegenstand hat.
Drogentests als Prä-Mediatoren
Authors: Egbert Simon 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungBereits drei Jahre bevor in New York am 11. September 2001 zwei gekaperte Flugzeuge im Rahmen eines als terroristischen Akt eingestuften Anschlags willentlich ins World Trade Center gelenkt wurden und damit drei Jahre, bevor die US-Administration begann, ihre sicherheitspolitische Ausrichtung verstärkt ins Vorfeld zu verlagern und dabei Figuren wie die unknown unknowns emergierten, die sich auf eine ebenso radikal offene wie riskante Zukunft bezogen, schreibt die langjährige Betriebsärztin von BASF, Hansi Kleinsorge, im Rahmen einer Publikation des Hauptverbandes der gewerblichen Berufsgenossenschaften namens Gefährdung der Sicherheit durch den Konsum illegaler Drogen den oben aufgeführten Satz. Sie nimmt damit eine präventive Rationalität vorweg, die sich gleichsam deckungsgleich in der auf 9/11 folgenden Neuorientierung US-amerikanischer Sicherheitspolitik wiederfindet.
Drogentests als scripted technology
Authors: Egbert Simon 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungNachdem im vorangegangenen Kapitel die hinter Drogentestanwendungen am Arbeitsplatz stehenden Sicherheitsdiskurse dargelegt wurden, richtet sich der Blick ab jetzt stärker auf die Drogentests selbst. Denn Drogentesten ist nicht gleich Drogentesten. Es gibt unterschiedliche Wege, den Drogenkonsum von Personen zu überprüfen, womit jeweils unterschiedliche Aussagewerte und -wertigkeiten verbunden sind.
Interaction of cosmological domain walls with large classical objects, like planets and satellites, and the flyby anomaly
Authors: Dai De-Chang , Minic Djordje , Stojkovic Dejan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cosmological domain walls can be formed as a result of symmetry breaking at any epoch during the evolution of our universe. We study their interaction with a classical macroscopic object, like Earth or a satellite in Earth’s orbit. We set up an action that includes the interaction term between the massive classical object and the scalar field that the domain wall is made of. We use numerical calculations to solve the coupled equations of motion which describe the crossing between the domain wall and the classical object. Depending on the strength of the interaction, relative velocity and size, the object can be either stopped by the wall, or it can pass through it inducing deformations in the wall that cost energy. At the same time, the coupling to the scalar filed might change the object’s mass during the crossover. The fact that satellites in Earth’s orbit (or planets in Sun’s orbit) can change their mass and/or lose energy interacting with walls can be used as a new domain wall detection probe. For example, a typical velocity precision of a satellite is about 0.5 mm/s, which directly puts an upper limit on its mass change to ∆M/M ⪅ 5 × 10−17. Alternatively, a known satellite flyby anomaly can easily be explained as an interaction with a closed domain wall. We also show that the presence of matter modifies the scalar filed potential and can locally create a bubble of the true vacuum, and thus trigger the decay of the false vacuum. For a critical bubble which is able to expand, such an interaction with the domain wall must be strong enough.
FUNDAMENTAL GROUPS OF SPLIT REAL KAC-MOODY GROUPS AND GENERALIZED REAL FLAG MANIFOLDS
Authors: HARRING P. , KÖHL R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe determine the fundamental groups of symmetrizable algebraically simply connected split real Kac-Moody groups endowed with the Kac-Peterson topology. In analogy to the finite-dimensional situation, because of the Iwasawa decomposition G = KAU+, the embedding K ,↪ G is a weak homotopy equivalence, in particular π1(G) = π1(K). It thus suffices to determine π1(K), which we achieve by investigating the fundamental groups of generalized ag varieties. Our results apply in all cases in which the Bruhat decomposition of the generalized ag variety is a CW decomposition- in particular, we cover the complete symmetrizable situation; furthermore, the results concerning only the structure of π1(K) actually also hold in the nonsymmetrizable two-spherical case.
A tree ring-based hydroclimate reconstruction for eastern Europe reveals large-scale teleconnection patterns
Authors: Roibu Cătălin-Constantin , Nagavciuc Viorica , Ionita Monica , Popa Ionel , Horodnic Sergiu-Andrei , Mursa Andrei , Büntgen Ulf 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe present a new beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) tree-ring width composite chronology from five natural low-elevation forests in eastern Romania, which represent the species’ continental distribution limit. Our regional beech chronology reflects April–June hydroclimate variability in form of the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index over large parts of Romania, Ukraine, and the Republic of Moldova, for which high-resolution paleoclimatic evidence is broadly missing. Most of the reconstructed hydroclimatic extremes back to 1768 CE are confirmed by documentary evidences, and a robust association is found with large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns in the Northern Hemisphere and sea surface temperatures over the North Atlantic. Reconstructed pluvials coincide with a high-pressure system over the North Atlantic Ocean and north-western Europe, and with a low-pressure system over south-western, central and eastern Europe, whereas historical droughts coincide with a high-pressure system over Europe and a low-pressure system over the central part of the Atlantic Ocean. Our study demonstrates the potential to produce well-replicated, multi-centennial beech chronologies for eastern Europe to reconstruct regional hydroclimate variation and better understand the causes and consequences of large-scale teleconnection patterns.
A new “practical" plane for Eustachian tube measurements and its application in predicting middle ear dysfunction in patient with acquired cholesteatomas
Authors: Ku Dominic , Copson Bridget , Fiorentino Mark , Gerrard Jean-Marc , O’Leary Stephen 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Setting
The Eustachian tube plays a vital role in middle ear physiology. There has been evidence that Eustachian tube (ET) and angle are correlated with middle ear function. The measurements of these Eustachian tube features are now made possible with computed tomography and multiplanar reconstruction techniques. However, there has not been a standardised protocol devised to these measurements in limited window cone-beam CT scans of temporal bones.

Objective
The primary object of the present study is to establish and validate a new landmark in closer proximity to the middle ear that is consistently captured, thereby allowing ET angle and length to be measured from the majority of cone-beam CT scans. Secondarily, the ET anatomies of patients with middle ear dysfunction manifesting as acquired cholesteatoma are analysed with this new method of measurement.

Methods
This study undertook a step-by-step method to first validate the methods of ET measurement with Reid’s standard plane, then identifying an alternative landmark, thus a new plane visible on limited window cone-beam CT scans of temporal bones and lastly, validating the application of this new plane in the measurements of ET angle and length. This new method of measurement was coined the Ku-Copson plane and was applied to 30 cochlear implant patients and 30 patients with acquired cholesteatomas. Their ET anatomies were analysed and compared.

Results
It was found that the new Ku-Copson mandibular fossa plane was a reliable and accurate plane for the measurement of ET angle and length. Furthermore, it was found that patients with acquired cholesteatomas have statistically significant smaller ET angles and shorter ET lengths when compared with patients with cochlear implants, of normal middle ear function.

Conclusion
The newly proposed method utilising the right mandibular fossa as an anatomical landmark for ET angles and lengths measurement appears to be viable. The close proximity of this landmark to the middle ear means that it is highly likely to be captured in most cone-beam CT scans of the petrous temporal bones. This enables the retrospective examination ET angles and lengths to be conducted on CB CT scans. This study reports statistically significant difference in ET anatomy in patients with middle ear dysfunction.
Automated vs. human evaluation of corneal staining
Authors: Kourukmas R. , Roth M. , Geerling G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background and purpose
Corneal fluorescein staining is one of the most important diagnostic tests in dry eye disease (DED). Nevertheless, the result of this examination is depending on the grader. So far, there is no method for an automated quantification of corneal staining commercially available. Aim of this study was to develop a software-assisted grading algorithm and to compare it with a group of human graders with variable clinical experience in patients with DED.

Methods
Fifty images of eyes stained with 2 µl of 2% fluorescein presenting different severity of superficial punctate keratopathy in patients with DED were taken under standardized conditions. An algorithm for detecting and counting superficial punctate keratitis was developed using ImageJ with a training dataset of 20 randomly picked images. Then, the test dataset of 30 images was analyzed (1) by the ImageJ algorithm and (2) by 22 graders, all ophthalmologists with different levels of experience. All graders evaluated the images using the Oxford grading scheme for corneal staining at baseline and after 6–8 weeks. Intrarater agreement was also evaluated by adding a mirrored version of all original images into the set of images during the 2nd grading.

Results
The count of particles detected by the algorithm correlated significantly (n = 30; p < 0.01) with the estimated true Oxford grade (Sr = 0,91). Overall human graders showed only moderate intrarater agreement (K = 0,426), while software-assisted grading was always the same (K = 1,0). Little difference was found between specialists and non-specialists in terms of intrarater agreement (K = 0,436 specialists; K = 0,417 non-specialists). The highest interrater agreement was seen with 75,6% in the most experienced grader, a cornea specialist with 29 years of experience, and the lowest was seen in a resident with 25,6% who had only 2 years of experience.

Conclusion
The variance in human grading of corneal staining - if only small - is likely to have only little impact on clinical management and thus seems to be acceptable. While human graders give results sufficient for clinical application, software-assisted grading of corneal staining ensures higher consistency and thus is preferrable for re-evaluating patients, e.g., in clinical trials.
“Pure” hepatoid tumors of the pancreas harboring CTNNB1 somatic mutations: a new entity among solid pseudopapillary neoplasms
Authors: Mattiolo Paola , Mafficini Andrea , Lawlor Rita T. , Marchegiani Giovanni , Malleo Giuseppe , Pea Antonio , Salvia Roberto , Piccoli Paola , Sciammarella Concetta , Santonicco Nicola , Parisi Alice , Silvestris Nicola , Milella Michele , Adsay Volkan , Scarpa Aldo , Luchini Claudio 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Hepatoid tumors (HTs) represent a rare group of neoplasms that are histologically similar to hepatocellular carcinoma but arise outside the liver. The current World Health Organization classification recognizes the hepatoid morphology of pancreatic tumors only as a possible variant of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Here, we describe two cases of “pure” HT of the pancreas showing common features and characterized by indolent biological behavior. These tumors were roundish nodules with pushing borders, hyaline globules, and pure hepatoid histology; they were diffusely positive for β-catenin and LEF1 on immunohistochemistry. At next-generation sequencing, both neoplasms harbored only one pathogenic somatic mutation that affected the CTNNB1 gene at exon 3 and showed a loss of heterozygosity on chromosomes 18 and 21. By integrating macroscopic and microscopic features, along with their molecular profiles, we advocate that such tumors represent a distinct entity from PDAC and should be considered a new variant of solid pseudopapillary neoplasms. The recognition of this new neoplastic category may have immediate implications not only for tumor taxonomy but also for clinical practice.
Polyglutamylation: biology and analysis
Authors: Ruse Cristian I. , Chin Hang Gyeong , Pradhan Sriharsa 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPolyglutamylation is a posttranslational modification (PTM) that adds several glutamates on glutamate residues in the form of conjugated peptide chains by a family of enzymes known as polyglutamylases. Polyglutamylation is well documented in microtubules. Polyglutamylated microtubules consist of different α- and β-tubulin subunits with varied number of added glutamate residues. Kinetic control and catalytic rates of tubulin modification by polyglutamylases influence the polyglutamylation pattern of functional microtubules. The recent studies uncovered catalytic mechanisms of the glutamylation enzymes family, particularly tubulin tyrosine ligase-like (TTLL). Variable length polyglutamylation of primary sequence glutamyl residues have been mapped with a multitude of protein chemistry and proteomics approaches. Although polyglutamylation was initially considered a tubulin-specific modification, the recent studies have uncovered a calmodulin-dependent glutamylase, SidJ. Nano-electrospray ionization (ESI) proteomic approaches have identified quantifiable polyglutamylated sites in specific substrates. Indeed, conjugated glutamylated peptides were used in nano-liquid chromatography gradient delivery due to their relative hydrophobicity for their tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) characterization. The recent polyglutamylation characterization has revealed three major sites: E445 in α-tubulin, E435 in β-tubulin, and E860 in SdeA. In this review, we have summarized the progress made using proteomic approaches for large-scale detection of polyglutamylated peptides, including biology and analysis.
Sulfur mediated heavy metal biogeochemical cycles in coastal wetlands: From sediments, rhizosphere to vegetation
Authors: Wu Yueming , Leng Zhanrui , Li Jian , Yan Chongling , Wang Xinhong , Jia Hui , Chen Lingyun , Zhang Sai , Zheng Xiaojun , Du Daolin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe interactions and mechanisms between sulfur and heavy metals are a growing focus of biogeochemical studies in coastal wetlands. These issues underline the fate of heavy metals bound in sediments or released into the system through sediments. Despite the fact that numerous published studies have suggested sulfur has a significant impact on the bioavailability of heavy metals accumulated in coastal wetlands, to date, no review article has systematically summarized those studies, particularly from the perspective of the three major components of wetland ecosystems (sediments, rhizosphere, and vegetation). The present review summarizes the studies published in the past four decades and highlights the major achievements in this field. Research and studies available thus far indicate that under anaerobic conditions, most of the potentially bioavailable heavy metals in coastal wetland sediments are fixed as precipitates, such as metal sulfides. However, fluctuations in physicochemical conditions may affect sulfur cycling, and hence, directly or indirectly lead to the conversion and migration of heavy metals. In the rhizosphere, root activities and microbes together affect the speciation and transformation of sulfur which in turn mediate the migration of heavy metals. As for plant tissues, tolerance to heavy metals is enhanced by sulfur-containing compounds via promoting a series of chelation and detoxification processes. Finally, to further understand the interactions between sulfur and heavy metals in coastal wetlands, some major future research directions are proposed.
Coordinated Replenishment Game and Learning Under Time Dependency and Uncertainty of the Parameters
Authors: Ramirez Stefanny , van Brandenburg Laurence H. , Bauso Dario 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis research proposes a periodic review multi-item two-layer inventory model. The main contribution is a novel approach to determine the can-order threshold in a two-layer model under time-dependent and uncertain demand and setup costs. The first layer consists of a learning mechanism to forecast demand and forecast setup costs. The second layer involves the coordinated replenishment of items, which is analysed as a Bayesian game with uncertain prior probability distribution. The research builds on the concept of the (S, c, s) policy, which is extended to the case of uncertain and time-dependent parameters.
The centrality of the machine in the thought of Jacques Lafitte
Authors: Sandrone Darío , Vaccari Andrés , Lawler Diego 
Published: March 2022

AbstractJacques Lafitte occupies an odd place in the philosophy of technology. He was a French engineer who made a significant and conceptually innovative contribution to this field, yet his influence has been elusive and largely ignored until relatively recently. Many of Lafitte’s ideas find echoes in the work of later philosophers (particularly Gilbert Simondon), yet, notably in the case of Simondon, apparently without any direct line of influence. Lafitte placed the machine at the centre of his thinking about technology and articulated various layers of analysis around it; for example, he considered machines in the broader context of an artificial world or “mechanosphere”, which encompassed certain aspects of philosophical anthropology (namely, how to think the human in the context of human–machine relations, in the context of socio-political organizations). In this work we seek to reconstruct Lafitte’s ideas and briefly trace some of their later impact. We identify three dimensions (or theses) in Lafitte’s analysis:epistemological,ontologicalandanthropological. We argue that the most remarkable fact about Lafitte’s thought is the way it inaugurates, and anticipates, the approach of later currents, not just in the “French tradition”, who also made an effort to integrate machine theory into broader philosophical, anthropological and political aspects, in terms that echo Lafitte’s. In particular, we will focus on Gilbert Simondon and cybernetics.
Understanding the Emotional Labor of Public Health Equity Work: a Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Abresch Chad , Gilbert Carol , Johnson Marilyn , Karki Bibhusha , Lyons Kiara , Meyer Karly , Tibbits Melissa , Toure Drissa 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Rectifying historic race-based health inequities depends on a resilient public health workforce to implement change and dismantle systemic racism in varied organizations and community contexts. Yet, public health equity workers may be vulnerable to job burnout because personal investment in the continual struggle against inequality exacts an emotional toll. Our study sought to quantify the presence of emotional labor in public health equity work and better understand its dimensions.

Methods
We conducted a mixed methods study of public health equity workers focused on maternal and child health in the USA. Participants completed a survey on the emotional demands of their public health equity work. A subset of survey respondents was interviewed to gain a better understanding of the emotional toll and support received to cope.

Results
Public health equity work was found to involve high levels of emotional labor (M = 5.61, range = 1–7). A positive association was noted between personal efficacy (i.e., belief in one’s ability to do equity work well) and increased job satisfaction. However, burnout increased when equity workers did not receive adequate support for their emotional labor. Qualitative analysis revealed eight themes depicting the emotional burden, benefits and drawbacks, and coping strategies of public health equity work.

Conclusions
Public health equity workers report high degrees of emotional labor and inadequate workplace support to cope with the demands. In our study, workplace support was associated with higher job satisfaction and lower burnout. Research is urgently needed to develop and scale an effective model to support public health equity workers.
Multiobjective portfolio optimization via Pareto front evolution
Authors: Chen Yi , Zhou Aimin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPortfolio optimization is about building an investment decision on a set of candidate assets with finite capital. Generally, investors should devise rational compromise to return and risk for their investments. Therefore, it can be cast as a biobjective problem. In this work, both the expected return and conditional value-at-risk (CVaR) are considered as the optimization objectives. Although the objective of CVaR can be optimized with existing techniques such as linear programming optimizers, the involvement of practical constraints induces challenges to exact mathematical methods. Hence, we propose a new algorithm named F-MOEA/D, which is based on a Pareto front evolution strategy and the decomposition based multiobjective evolutionary algorithm. This strategy involves two major components, i.e., constructing local Pareto fronts through exact methods and picking the best one via decomposition approaches. The empirical study shows F-MOEA/D can obtain better approximations of the test instances against several alternative multiobjective evolutionary algorithms with a same time budget. Meanwhile, on two large instances with 7964 and 9090 assets, F-MOEA/D still performs well given that a multiobjective mathematical method does not finish in 7 days.