bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hospital nurses’ management of agitation in older cognitively impaired patients: do they recognise pain-related agitation?
Authors: Graham Frederick , Beattie Elizabeth , Fielding Elaine 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background
cognitively impaired hospital patients often experience agitation and aggression due to pain. Agitation complicates care, increasing the risk of adverse outcomes and patient-to-nurse violence. Managing agitation is challenging for nurses. Literature suggests they may rely on antipsychotics while missing other more appropriately targeted treatments. However, nurses’ management of agitation remains unclear and under-researched.

Objective
the aim of this study was to investigate hospital nurses’ management of agitation in older cognitively impaired patients with pain.

Design
this was a descriptive correlational study using virtual simulation.

Setting and participants
a total of 274 registered medical and surgical nurses from 10 public hospitals in Queensland, Australia participated in the study.

Methods
nurses undertook a virtual simulation requiring them to manage agitation in a patient with dementia and an injury. Nurses also completed a post-simulation questionnaire. Their simulation performances were correlated with demographics such as seniority, workplace, training, experience and gerontology-specific knowledge. Constructed from an original, validated vignette, the simulation included branching pathways, video scenarios and an avatar that could converse with participants.

Results
thirteen nurses (4.7%) recognised and treated the virtual patient’s agitation as pain-related. Most nurses (89%) gave antipsychotics of which 207 (78%) gave these first-line and 102 (38%) used them twice. Independent of other variables, nurses most likely to diagnose pain were dementia-unit nurses (OR = 8.7), surgical-unit nurses (OR = 7.3) and senior nurses (OR = 5).

Conclusions
hospital nurses predominately managed agitation with antipsychotics, a decision that most made after undertaking inadequate patient assessments. This confirmed a common gap in practice that may lead to the missing of pain in the clinical care of agitated patients with dementia and/or delirium.
Overall lifestyles and socioeconomic inequity in mortality and life expectancy in China: the China health and nutrition survey
Authors: Zhang Yan-Bo , Li Yue , Geng Ting-Ting , Pan Xiong-Fei , Zhou Yan-Feng , Liu Gang , Pan An 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundsocioeconomic inequity in mortality and life expectancy remains inconclusive in low- and middle-income countries, and to what extent the associations are mediated or modified by lifestyles remains debatable.Methodswe included 21,133 adults from China Health and Nutrition Survey (1991–2011) and constructed three parameters to reflect participants’ overall individual- (synthesising income, education and occupation) and area-level (urbanisation index) socioeconomic status (SES) and lifestyles (counting the number of smoking, physical inactivity and unhealthy diet and bodyweight). HRs for mortality and life expectancy were estimated by time-dependent Cox model and life table method, respectively.Resultsduring a median follow-up of 15.2 years, 1,352 deaths were recorded. HRs (95% CIs) for mortality comparing low versus high individual- and area-level SES were 2.38 (1.75–3.24) and 1.84 (1.51–2.24), respectively, corresponding to 5.7 (2.7–8.6) and 5.0 (3.6–6.3) life-year lost at age 50. Lifestyles explained ≤11.5% of socioeconomic disparity in mortality. Higher lifestyle risk scores were associated with higher mortality across all socioeconomic groups. HR (95% CI) for mortality comparing adults with low individual-level SES and 3–4 lifestyle risk factors versus those with high SES and 0–1 lifestyle risk factors was 7.06 (3.47–14.36), corresponding to 19.1 (2.6–35.7) life-year lost at age 50.Conclusionthis is the first nationwide cohort study reporting that disadvantaged SES was associated with higher mortality and shorter life expectancy in China, which was slightly mediated by lifestyles. Risk lifestyles were related to higher mortality across all socioeconomic groups, and those with risk lifestyles and disadvantaged SES had much higher mortality risks.
Policing the Sublime: The Metaphysical Harms of Irreligious Clinical Ethics
Authors: Kornu Kimbell 
Published: July 2022

AbstractJanet Malek has recently argued that the religious worldview of the clinical ethics consultant should play no normative role in clinical ethics consultation. What are the theological implications of a normatively secular clinical ethics? I argue that Malek’s proposal constitutes an irreligious clinical ethics, which commits multiple metaphysical harms. First, I summarize Malek’s key claims for a secular clinical ethics. Second, I explicate both John Milbank’s notion of ontological violence and Timothy Murphy’s irreligious bioethics to show how they apply to Malek’s secular clinical ethics, resulting in an irreligious clinical ethics. Third, I then show how an irreligious clinical ethics commits metaphysical harms to patients, clinical ethics consultants, and the institution of clinical ethics consultation. I conclude that Malek’s proposal for an irreligious clinical ethics must be rejected to maintain the metaphysical integrity of clinical ethics consultants, patients, and the institution of clinical ethics consultation.
Optimal scheduling of wind–photovoltaic power-generation system based on a copula-based conditional value-at-risk model
Authors: Ju Xin , Liu Xiaomin , Liu Shangke , Xiao Yangli 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Increasing the application of renewable energy in the power system is an effective way to achieve the goal of ‘Dual Carbon’. At the same time, the high proportion of renewable energy connected to the grid endangers the safe operation of the power system. To solve this problem, this paper proposes the application of a copula function to describe the correlation between wind power and photovoltaic power, and reduce the uncertainty of power-system operation with a high proportion of renewable energy. In order to increase the robustness of the model, this paper proposes the application of the conditional value-at-risk theory to construct the objective function of the model and effectively control the tail risk of power-system operation costs. Through case analysis, it is found that the model proposed in this paper has strong practicality and economy.
Wind energy conversion system using perturb & observe-based maximum power point approach interfaced with T-type three-level inverter connected to grid
Authors: S Pranupa , Sriram A T , Nagaraja Rao S 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In this paper, the performance of a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG)-based wind energy conversion system (WECS) supplied to an uncontrolled rectifier-fed boost converter (BC) interfaced with a three-phase T-type three-level inverter (TLI) has been analysed. The proposed WECS involves three converters, namely an uncontrolled rectifier that is used for conversion from AC to DC; a BC supplied by a PMSG-fed rectifier used to enhance the voltage gain; and a grid-connected three-phase T-type TLI is proposed to eliminate power-quality issues with synchronization of grid voltage and current. The main goal of this research is to model and control the grid-connected T-type TLI using a d–q synchronous frame for wind energy for regulating the DC-link voltage and transferring the generated wind power from the BC to the grid. Furthermore, the perturb & observe (P&O)-based maximum power point (MPP) approach is recommended to keep track of the MPP for a BC that is supplied from a PMSG-based WECS under constant and variable wind speeds. The proposed PMSG-based WECS interfaced with grid-connected T-type TLI using d–q control has been computationally modelled, simulated and validated with constant and variable speeds using MATLAB® and Simulink®. It is confirmed that the P&O-based MPP approach ensures maximum power for varying wind speeds, and the total harmonic distortion of the T-type TLI grid current value is 3.18%, which is within IEEE-519 limits. Furthermore, with grid synchronization, the power factor of the T-type TLI is maintained at unity to avoid power-quality issues.
Racialised Threat Perception within International Society: From Japan to China
Authors: Han Enze 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This article takes a comparative approach that looks at the rise of Japan and China during their ascendency and challenge to the hegemonic state within the international system, and the subsequent racial threat perception that both countries experienced. Engaging the English School of International Relations, it focuses particularly on the legacies of differentiation within international society. It contends that, given the English School’s emphasis on the concept of international society that likens that relationship among states to a social one, it is fruitful to examine how social differentiation occurs within a domestic setting and to use that finding as analogous to international society. The article argues that racialised threat perception towards Japan and China heightened in tandem with their successive rises due to the challenges the two countries posed to the status and privileges of the dominant country—the USA—and which coincided with a US economic downturn and domestic crisis. This racially sensitive approach can provide at least one lens through which to understand the racial threat perception and contemporary relational dynamics between the two great powers: the USA versus the People’s Republic of China.
Repellent effect of synanthropic house mouse urine odor on small forest mammals
Authors: Zhigarev Igor A , Alpatov Vasiliy V , Shitikov Dmitry A , Nekrasova Maria V , Alekseeva Olga G , Kotenkova Elena V 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this study, we examined the effect of synanthropic house mouse (Mus musculus) urine odor on catching probability of small mammals to live traps. We conducted a series of field experiments in August 2016 and 2017 in a natural forests of the northwestern Moscow Region (Russia). Small mammals were trapped at two 4-ha fields using capture-mark-recapture technique by setting 200 live traps (100 points, 2 traps per point) within each field. One trap in each pair was odorless (control) with bait only, whereas the other one was odor-baited with 20 μL of the urine of a synanthropic house mouse. Further analysis was based on the data collected from 2 rodent species (bank vole Myodes glareolus, herb field mouse Apodemus uralensis) and 3 shrew species (common shrew Sorex araneus, Laxmann’s shrew Sorex caecutiens, and Eurasian pygmy shrew Sorex minutus). As a result, only bank voles significantly avoided odor-baited live traps. Using generalized linear mixed models, we showed that the choice of a trap by bank voles depended on their age, whereas the probability of repeated capture to a certain live trap was related to their prior experience. We discuss the possible role of components of synanthropic house mouse urine in the population management of exoanthropic small mammals.
Training College Students with Hearing Loss in Theory of Mind
Authors: Wu Yang , Liu Xiping , Zhang Shengnan , Zhong Rubo 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This paper explored training methods to improve the Theory of Mind levels of Chinese college students with hearing loss and investigated the transfer effect of training. Ninety Chinese college students with hearing loss were randomly divided into two groups: the ToM training group and the physical-conversation training group. The ToM training group received ToM training, and the physical-conversation training group as the control group received physical-conversation training. All the participants attended four separate 60-min lectures. The ToM Story Task and the False Belief Task were used to assess the training’s effect, and the ToM animation task was adopted to investigate the transfer effect. Before training, the level of ToM of the two participant groups was similar. After training, the ToM level of Chinese college students with hearing loss who participated in ToM training was significantly higher than the students who underwent physical-conversation training. Moreover, the findings revealed that ToM training has long-term transfer effects. This study thus showed that ToM training can effectively improve the ToM level of Chinese college students with hearing loss.
Transcatheter closure of residual Gerbode defect after aortic valve replacement surgery
Authors: Slim Mehdi , Mekki Nouha , Ouannes Sami , Neffati Elies 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
A 42-year-old man with a history of surgically repaired coarctation of the aorta presented with a refractory right heart failure. Echocardiography revealed a calcified bicuspid aortic valve both regurgitant and stenotic and a defect within the membranous septum with left to right shunt from the left ventricle (LV) to the right atrium. The patient was referred to surgery for an aortic valve replacement and closure with patch repair of the Gerbode type defect. Post-operative course was complicated by refractory heart failure with a persistent left to right shunt through the defect due to loose sutures. Taking into account the high surgical risk, percutaneous closure of the defect was decided. An Amplatzer Duct Occluder (St Jude Medical, USA) I device was successfully released within the defect. The patient was completely asymptomatic on follow-up.
Genetic Association Between Epigenetic Aging-Acceleration and the Progression of Mild Cognitive Impairment to Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Liu Hongliang , Lutz Michael , Luo Sheng ,   Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, and previous studies have shown its association with accelerated aging. In this study, we hypothesized that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that contributed to aging acceleration are also associated with the progression from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to AD. By applying genetic correlation analysis and single-locus survival analysis, we investigated the associations between intrinsic- and extrinsic-epigenetic-age-acceleration (IEAA and EEAA) related SNPs and the progression time from MCI to AD dementia using the data of 767 MCI participants from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) study and 1 373 MCI patients from the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center (NACC) study. Genetic correlations were found between IEAA/EEAA and AD (positive for IEAA-AD and negative for EEAA-AD). We revealed that 70 IEAA and 81 EEAA SNPs had associations with the progression time from MCI to AD with Bayesian false-discovery probability ≤ 0.8 in the ADNI study, with 22 IEAA SNPs and 16 EEAA SNPs being replicated in the NACC study (p &lt; .05). Polygenic risk score (PRS) analysis showed that EEAA PRS but not IEAA PRS was associated with AD progression and the trend of decreasing fusiform gyrus volume in 2 data sets. Risk models incorporating both EAA PRSs did not show any significant improvement in predictive accuracy. Our results revealed multiple genetic variants with pleiotropic effects on both EAA and AD, which suggested shared genetic architecture between epigenetic age acceleration and AD progression.
On computing viscoelastic Love numbers for general planetary models: the ALMA3 code
Authors: Melini D , Saliby C , Spada G 
Published: July 2022

SUMMARY
The computation of the Love numbers (LNs) for a spherically symmetric self-gravitating viscoelastic Earth is a classical problem in global geodynamics. Here we revisit the problem of the numerical evaluation of loading and tidal LNs in the static limit for an incompressible planetary body, adopting a Laplace inversion scheme based upon the Post-Widder formula as an alternative to the traditional viscoelastic normal modes method. We also consider, within the same framework, complex-valued, frequency-dependent LNs that describe the response to a periodic forcing, which are paramount in the study of the tidal deformation of planets. Furthermore, we numerically obtain the time-derivatives of LNs, suitable for modelling geodetic signals in response to surface loads variations. A number of examples are shown, in which time and frequency-dependent LNs are evaluated for the Earth and planets adopting realistic rheological profiles. The numerical solution scheme is implemented in ALMA3 (the plAnetary Love nuMbers cAlculator, version 3), an upgraded open-source Fortran 90 program that computes the LNs for radially layered planetary bodies with a wide range of rheologies, including transient laws like Andrade or Burgers.
Double synonymous mutations in exon 9 of the Cullin3 gene restore exon inclusion by abolishing hnRNPs inhibition
Authors: Liu Zhiying , Sui Aihua , Wang Sai , Cui Li , Xin Qing , Zhang Ruixiao , Han Yue , Shao Leping , Zhao Xiangzhong 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
All mutations in exon 9 of the Cullin3 gene associated with pseudohypoaldosteronism type II (PHA II) contribute to exon skipping to different degrees, but the specific molecular mechanism of this aberrant splicing is still unclear. The aims of this study were to investigate the regulatory mechanism underlying two synonymous splicing events, c.1221A &gt; G (p. Glu407Glu) and c.1236G &gt; A (p. Leu412Leu), and to discover a therapeutic strategy for correcting this aberrant splicing by targeting potential regulatory sites. Through a series of RNA pulldown, silver staining, western blotting, small interfering RNA knockdown, in vitro overexpression and single or double site-directed mutagenesis experiments, we first explored the pathogenesis of exon 9 skipping caused by mutations in the CUL3 gene and verified that the main splicing regulators associated with the synonymous c.1221A &gt; G and c.1236G &gt; A mutations were heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins. In addition, we verified that introducing another synonymous mutation, c.1224A &gt; G (A18G), significantly rescued the abnormal splicing caused by c.1221A &gt; G and c.1236G &gt; A, highlighting the therapeutic potential for the treatment of PHA II.
Air Breathing and Suction Feeding Kinematics in the West African Lungfish,Protopterus annectens
Authors: Kaczmarek Elska B , Gartner Samantha M , Westneat Mark W , Brainerd Elizabeth L 
Published: July 2022

AbstractResearch on the water-to-land transition tends to focus on the locomotor changes necessary for terrestriality. However, the evolution from water breathing to air breathing was also a necessary precursor to the invasion of land. Air is approximately 1000 times less dense and 50 times less viscous, and contains hundreds of times more oxygen than water. However, unlike the transition to terrestrial locomotion, breathing air does not require body weight support, so the evolution of air breathing may have necessitated smaller changes to morphology and function. We used X-ray reconstruction of moving morphology to compare the cranial kinematics of aquatic buccal pumping, such as that seen in suction feeding, with the aerial buccal pumping required for lung ventilation in the West African lungfish (Protopterus annectens). During buccal pumping behaviors, the cranial bones and associated soft tissues act as valves and pumps, and the sequence of their motions controls the pattern of fluid flow. Both behaviors are characterized by an anterior-to-posterior wave of expansion and an anterior-to-posterior wave of compression. We found that the pectoral girdle and cranial rib rotate consistently during air breathing and suction feeding, and that the muscle between them shortens during buccal expansion. Overall, we conclude that the major cranial bones maintain the same basic functions (i.e., acting as valves or pumps, or transmitting power) across aquatic and aerial buccal pumping. The cranial morphology that enables aquatic buccal pumping is well suited to perform air breathing and accommodates the physical differences between air and water.
Gross Capital Flows by Banks, Corporates, and Sovereigns
Authors: Avdjiev Stefan , Hardy Bryan , Kalemli-Özcan Şebnem , Servén Luis 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We construct a new quarterly data set of international capital flows broken down by sector—banks, corporates, and sovereigns—and demonstrate the importance of distinguishing capital flows by the sector of domestic borrowers and lenders. We document four new sets of facts. First, banks account for the largest part of the external debt (stocks and flows) in advanced economies, whereas in emerging markets, banks, corporates, and sovereigns have roughly equal shares. Second, the high correlation between total capital inflows and outflows documented in the literature is driven by banking sector flows; that is, domestic banks’ borrowing from foreigners is highly correlated with domestic banks’ lending to foreigners. Third, sovereign flows behave very differently from and often act as a countervailing force to private sector (banking and corporate) flows, especially in emerging markets. Fourth, different shocks (global financial cycles versus domestic business cycles; banking versus currency versus sovereign crises) generate very distinct patterns of capital inflows and outflows by sector. The stylized facts we document deepen our understanding of the dynamics and behavior of capital flows and have important implications for open economy models.
A. W. Franks, William Ridgeway and collections of Irish antiquities
Authors: McEvansoneya Philip 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The visit by A. W. Franks of the British Museum to the Irish Industrial Exhibition in Dublin in 1853 gave him the opportunity to assess the holdings of Irish antiquarian material displayed there. This soon led to purchases for the museum. The collections that most interested him are discussed here, along with another, long known to William Ridgeway, who eventually bought it on behalf of the Cambridge Antiquarian Society.
Larval Mortality and Ovipositional Preference in Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) Induced by the Entomopathogenic Fungus Beauveria bassiana (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae)
Authors: Kirsch John M , Tay Jia-Wei 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Entomopathogenic fungi allow chemical-free and environmentally safe vector management. Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo-Crivelli) Vuillemin is a promising biological control agent and an important component of integrated vector management. We investigated the mortality of Aedes albopictus (Skuse) larvae exposed to five concentrations of B. bassiana using Mycotrol ESO and adult oviposition behavior to analyze the egg-laying preferences of wild Ae. albopictus in response to different fungal concentrations. We examined the mortality of mid-instars exposed to B. bassiana concentrations of 1 × 104, 1 × 105, 1 × 106, 1 × 107, and 1 × 108 conidia/ml every 24 h for 12 d. In the oviposition behavior study, the fungus was applied to wooden paddles at 1 × 105, 1 × 107, and 1 × 109 conidia/ml, and the paddles were individually placed into quad-ovitraps. Both experiments contained control groups without B. bassiana. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis revealed that larval mortality was concentration dependent. The median lethal concentration was 2.43 × 105 conidia/ml on d 12. The median lethal time was 3.68 d at 1 × 106 conidia/ml. Oviposition monitoring revealed no significant difference in egg count between the control and treatment paddles. We observed an inverse relationship between the concentration of B. bassiana and the percentage of paddles with eggs. We concluded that concentrations above 1 × 106 conidia/ml are larvicidal, and Ae. albopictus laid similar numbers of eggs on fungus-impregnated and control wooden substrates; however, they were more likely to oviposit on substrates without B. bassiana. With these findings, we suggest that B. bassiana-infused ovitraps can be used for mosquito population monitoring while also delivering mycopesticides to adult mosquitoes.