bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geometric deep learning reveals a structuro-temporal understanding of healthy and pathologic brain aging
Authors: Besson Pierre , Rogalski Emily , Gill Nathan P. , Zhang Hui , Martersteck Adam , Bandt S. Kathleen 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundBrain age has historically been investigated primarily at the whole brain level. The ability to deconstruct the brain into its composite parts and explore brain age at the sub-structure level offers unique advantages. These include the exploration of dynamic and interconnected relationships between different brain structures in healthy and pathologic aging. To achieve this, individual brain structures can be rendered as surface representations on which morphologic analysis is carried out. Combining the advantages of deep learning with the strengths of surface analysis, we investigate the aging process at the individual structure level with the hypothesis being that pathologic aging does not uniformly affect the aging process of individual structures.MethodsMRI data, age at scan time and diagnosis of dementia were collected from seven publicly available data repositories. The data from 17,440 unique subjects were collected, representing a total of 26,276 T1-weighted MRI accounting for longitudinal acquisitions. Surfaces were extracted for the cortex and seven subcortical structures. Deep learning networks were trained to estimate a subject’s age either using several structures together or a single structure. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis to assess the difference between the predicted and actual ages for all structures between healthy subjects, individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or Alzheimer’s disease dementia (ADD). We then performed a longitudinal analysis to assess the difference in the aging pace for each structure between stable healthy controls and healthy controls converting to either MCI or ADD.FindingsUsing an independent cohort of healthy subjects, age was well estimated for all structures. Cross-sectional analysis identified significantly larger predicted age for all structures in patients with either MCI and ADD compared to healthy subjects. Longitudinal analysis revealed varying degrees of involvement of individual subcortical structures for both age difference across groups and aging pace across time. These findings were most notable in the whole brain, cortex, hippocampus and amygdala.ConclusionAlthough similar patterns of abnormal aging were found related to MCI and ADD, the involvement of individual subcortical structures varied greatly and was consistently more pronounced in ADD patients compared to MCI patients.
Blood neuroexosomal excitatory amino acid transporter-2 is associated with cognitive decline in Parkinson’s disease with RBD
Authors: Leng Bing , Sun Hairong , Li Mengfan , Zhao Junwu , Liu Xiaoxiao , Yao Ran , Shen Tengqun , Li Zhenguang , Zhang Jinbiao 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundRapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) predicts cognitive decline in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients without dementia. However, underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Accumulating studies suggest glutamatergic system dysregulation is associated.ObjectiveTo examine the effect of RBD on the rate of cognitive decline in PD patients and investigate whether plasma levels of the neuroexosomal vesicular glutamate transporter-1 (VGLUT-1) and excitatory amino acid transporter-2 (EAAT-2) are altered in PD patients with RBD.MethodsThis study included 157 newly diagnosed cognitive normal PD patients and 70 healthy controls (HCs). Based on one-night polysomnography recordings, the PD subjects were divided into PD with and without RBD (PD-RBD and PD-nRBD) groups. All participants received a complete clinical and neuropsychological evaluation at baseline. Plasma levels of neuroexosomal VGLUT-1 and EAAT-2 were measured by ELISA kits. After a 3-year follow-up, we evaluated baseline plasma levels of neuroexosomal glutamate transporters in each group as a predictor of cognitive decline using MoCA score changes over 3 years in regression models.ResultsPlasma levels of neuron-derived exosomal EAAT-2 and VGLUT-1 were significantly lower in PD patients than in HCs. Plasma levels of neuroexosomal EAAT-2 were significantly lower in PD-RBD than PD-nRBD group at baseline. At the 3-year follow-up, PD-RBD patients presented greater cognitive decline. Lower baseline blood neuroexosomal EAAT-2 predicted cognitive decline over 3 years in PD-RBD patients (β = 0.064, P = 0.003).ConclusionThese findings indicate that blood neuroexosomal EAAT-2 is associated with cognitive decline in PD with RBD.
Endovascular treatment for ischemic stroke with the drip-and-ship model—Insights from the German Stroke Registry
Authors: Schaefer Jan Hendrik , Kurka Natalia , Keil Fee , Wagner Marlies , Steinmetz Helmuth , Pfeilschifter Waltraud , Bohmann Ferdinand O. 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundEndovascular therapy (EVT) in acute ischemic stroke has been widely established. Globally, stroke patients are transferred either directly to a thrombectomy center (DC) or a peripheral stroke unit with a “drip-and-ship” (DS) model. We aimed to determine differences between the DS and DC paradigms after EVT of acute stroke patients with large-vessel-occlusion (LVO) in the database of the German Stroke Registry (GSR).MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of GSR patients between June 2015 and December 2019 in 23 German centers. Primary outcome was an ordinal shift analysis of modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 90 days after index event. Secondary endpoints included time from symptom onset to recanalization and complications. Tertiary endpoint was the association of imaging strategies in DS admissions with outcome.Results2,813 patients were included in the DS and 3,819 in the DC group. After propensity score matching mRS after 90 days was higher in DS than DC admissions (OR 1.26; 95%-CI 1.13–1.40). Time from symptom-onset to flow-restoration was shorter in DC than DS (median 199.0 vs. 298.0 min; p &lt; 0.001). DS patients undergoing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI; n=183) before EVT had a lower 90-day mRS than without (n = 944) (OR 0.63; 95%-CI 0.45–0.88). ASPECTS assessed on MRI correlated with 90-day mRS (ρ = −0.326; p &lt; 0.001).ConclusionsClinical outcome was worse for EVT-eligible patients in the DS setting, even though patients were in a better state of health prior to stroke. A potentially mutable factor was the time delay of 99 min from symptom-onset to successful recanalization. Performing MRI before thrombectomy was associated with good outcome and MRI-ASPECTS was negatively correlated with mRS after 90 days.
The instant impact of a single hemodialysis session on brain morphological measurements in patients with end-stage renal disease
Authors: Peng Cong , Ran Qian , Liu Cheng Xuan , Zhang Ling , Yang Hua 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveTo investigate the instant impact of hemodialysis (HD) on the cerebral morphological measurements of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD).Materials and methodsTwenty-five patients undergoing maintenance HD and twenty-eight age-, sex-, and education-matched healthy control (HC) were included. The HD group and HC group had 3D high-resolution structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans twice and once, respectively. Both groups underwent neuropsychologic tests. The morphological measurements of structural MRI were measured using CAT12 and these measures were compared among three groups. The relationship between morphological measures and clinical parameters and neuropsychological tests were investigated through multiple regression analysis.ResultsCompared to the HC group, the cortical thickness before HD significantly decreased in the bilateral temporal lobe and significantly decreased in the left superior temporal gyrus after HD. The cortical thickness significantly increased in the bilateral temporal lobe, frontal lobe and occipital lobe after HD compared to before HD. The sulcus depth in the bilateral insula, frontal lobe, and parietal lobe after HD significantly increased compared to before HD. No significant differences in sulcus depth between HD and HC were detected. After HD, the cortical thickness of the right parsopercularis was positively correlated with the number connection test-A. Cortical thickness in multiple regions were positively correlated with blood flow velocity and cortical thickness in the left parahippocampal gyrus was negatively correlated with ultrafiltration volume. Patients showed better performance in the digit symbol test and line tracing test after HD compared to before HD, but there were no significant differences in the comparison of neuropsychologic tests between patients and HC.ConclusionThe instant morphological changes were captured during a single hemodialysis in HD patients. There was an association between these instant changes in the brain and clinical parameters and neuropsychologic tests. This work implied the instant impact of a single hemodialysis impact on the brain in HD patients.
Value of blood inflammatory markers for predicting intravenous immunoglobulin resistance in Kawasaki disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Chang , Wu Jiacheng 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundPrevious studies have assessed the diagnostic accuracy of blood inflammatory markers like neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and C-reactive protein (CRP), and CRP to albumin ratio (CAR) to predict the resistant Kawasaki disease (KD). The aim of the current meta-analysis and systematic review is to compare the prognostic ability of these inflammatory markers to predict the resistance to IVIG in patients with Kawasaki disease.MethodsA systematic search of online academic databases and search engines such as EMBASE, PubMed Central, MEDLINE, Cochrane library, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect was conducted for papers that report the diagnostic accuracy of inflammatory markers for resistant KD. Meta-analysis was performed using STATA software.ResultsTwenty-two studies met the inclusion criteria. Pooled sensitivity and specificity of NLR as a predictor of resistant Kawasaki disease was 72% (95% CI: 62%, 80%) and 71% (95% CI: 63%, 78%), with AUC of 0.77 for PLR was 60% (95% CI: 50%, 69%) and 68% (95% CI: 61%, 75%), with area under the curve (AUC) of 0.69. Pooled sensitivity and specificity of CRP was 75% (95% CI: 68%, 81%) and 66% (95% CI: 55%, 76%), respectively, with an AUC value of 0.78. Pooled sensitivity and specificity of combined NLR and PLR was 58% (95% CI: 46%, 69%) and 73% (95% CI: 65%, 79%), respectively, with an AUC value of 0.72.ConclusionOur study found that NLR, CRP, PLR, and combined NLR/PLR have a good prognostic value in patients with resistant Kawasaki disease, with moderate to high sensitivity and specificity. More research on the accuracy of these indexes in multiple combinations is needed.Systematic review registration[https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/], identifier [CRD42022322165].
Mothers with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy increased risk of periventricular leukomalacia in extremely preterm or extremely low birth weight infants: A propensity score analysis
Authors: Su Zhiwen , Huang Weiliang , Meng Qiong , Jia Chunhong , Shi Bijun , Fan Xi , Cui Qiliang , Chen Jingsi , Wu Fan 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundAt present, the conclusions about the impact of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) on the clinical outcomes of preterm infants are inconsistent. This study used the propensity score matching (PSM) analysis to evaluate the effect of HDP on clinical outcomes of extremely preterm or extremely low birth weight (EP/ELBW) infants.MethodsRetrospective analysis was performed on the EP/ELBW infants discharged from 26 tertiary neonatal intensive care units or died during hospitalization from 2008 to 2017, who were divided into HDP group and non-HDP group. The six covariates including sex, gestational age, birth weight, twin or multiple pregnancy, antenatal steroids administration, and conception method were matched through the PSM method at a ratio of 1:1. The survival rate at discharge and the major clinical complications were compared between the two groups.ResultsAfter matching the six covariates, compared with the non-HDP group, there was no significant difference in the survival rate at discharge (64 vs. 63.2%, p &gt; 0.05), the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) or moderate to severe BPD in the HDP group (58.3 vs. 54.9%, p &gt; 0.05; 5.2 vs. 6.2%, p &gt; 0.05). The incidence of periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) in the HDP group was significantly increased (5.7 vs. 1.9%, p &lt; 0.05).ConclusionsHDP increased the risk of PVL in EP/ELBW infants, but had no significant effect on the survival rate at discharge, or the occurrence of other complications.
Blood vessel assessment using computed tomography : Effects of ephedrine on uterine artery
Authors: Yin Yibo , Liu Can , Gao Guangjian , Li Jingjing , Long Xuechen , Zhang Peijin , Guo Wenjun 
Published: August 2022

Background: Ephedrine increased blood pressure due to the contractile properties of resistance vessels. Excessive contraction of the uterine arteries might cause fetal distress. This study was to determine the diameter of the uterine artery of female New Zealand rabbits after the administration of different doses of ephedrine using CT.Methods: Thirty-two rabbits were randomly divided into a control group (Group C), low dosage group (Group L), medium dosage group (Group M) and high dosage group (Group H). Normal saline and doses corresponding to the human dose of 7.5, 15 and 30 mg of ephedrine were injected respectively. The marginal ear and uterine artery diameters were measured 5, 10, 15, 30, and 45 min after injection using CT, and the hemodynamic changes were recorded.Results: The increase in mean arterial pressure in group M (p = 0.009), and H (p = 0.013) was higher than that in group C. Compared with group C, substantial contraction of the marginal ear artery was observed at the three doses of ephedrine. There were no differences in the uterine artery diameter among groups L, M and C, However, in Group H, a significant contraction of the uterine artery compared with the other groups (p &lt; 0.001) was observed.Discussion: CT can be used to evaluate the effects of drugs on organs and blood vessels. Ephedrine can not only constrict the peripheral blood vessels but also do not affect the uterine artery at a dose of 15 mg or less. However, the dose should not exceed 30 mg, which may cause severe uterine artery depression.
Ageing and autism: A longitudinal follow-up study of mental health and quality of life in autistic adults
Authors: Roestorf Amanda , Howlin Patricia , Bowler Dermot M. 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundPoor mental health is known to adversely affect functional abilities, social isolation, and quality of life (QoL). It is, therefore, crucial to consider the long-term impacts of mental health conditions as autistic adults grow older.ObjectivesTo explore, in a group of community-based autistic adults, the extent of: (i) autistic traits, co-occurring physical and mental health conditions; (ii) age-related differences in those conditions, and changes over time; and (iii) their impact on everyday living and QoL.MethodAbout Sixty-eight autistic adults (aged 19–80 years) participated in the first study (T1); 49 participants from T1 took part in a follow-up at T2 (mean retest interval 2.4 years). Standardised self-report measures of autistic traits, mental health, and QoL were completed at both time points.ResultsOver two-thirds (71%) of autistic adult participants experienced at least one co-occurring condition, and over a third (37%) met the criteria for three or more co-occurring conditions. Mental and physical health difficulties were related to autistic traits and difficulties in everyday life and were consistent predictors of poor QoL at T1 and T2.ConclusionMental health difficulties in autism persisted into older age and did not improve over time. These findings have important implications for mental health provision for autistic adults in older age.
Relationships between parenting style and sibling conflicts: A meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Cong , Rahman Mohd Nazri Abdul 
Published: August 2022

Previous studies have shown that sibling conflicts are detrimental to physical and psychological development, as well as long-term human development. Although many studies have discovered relations between parenting style and sibling conflicts, these findings were contentious and did not provide a universal solution. Therefore, the meta-analysis was used as the method to determine the nature and magnitude of the relationships. There were a total of 14,356 participants in the 16 included studies, from which 55 effect sizes were extracted. According to the overall meta-analysis results, authoritative parenting (r= –0.201) did have the potential to reduce sibling conflicts. Neglectful (r= 0.389), inconsistent (r= 0.364), indulgent (r= 0.293), and authoritarian (r= 0.235) parenting styles were related to sibling conflicts in a positive way. Moreover, the study investigated the effectiveness of several moderator variables, such as children’s gender, age, region, outcome measure, and publication year. The research indicates that authoritative parenting is a protective factor of sibling conflicts. Moderator analyses found that gender, age, region, outcome measure, and publication year played moderating roles in the relationships. Finally, research limitations in the current study and expectations for future research, as well as theoretical contributions and implications for parenting practice, were presented.Systematic review registration[https://inplasy.com/inplasy-2022-8-0020/], identifier [INPLASY202280020].
Social participation of community-dwelling older adults in western China: A latent profile analysis
Authors: Luo Di , Yu Shiqi , Wang Jun , Zhu Ying , Yang Lining , Bai Ruonan , Rao Qianyi , Zhang Qiang , Wu Di , Wang Feng , Zhao Qinghua , Xiao Mingzhao 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveSocial participation has become a policy framework to address population aging. However, little is known about the social participation of older adults in western China, and extensive, multicenter, regional research is lacking. This research investigated the profiles of social participation of older adults in western China and explored the characteristics and factors influencing social participation.MethodThis cross-sectional study was conducted in 3 provinces (Chongqing, Sichuan, and Inner Mongolia) in western China from March 2021 to December 2021 and included 3,456 participants aged 60 years or older. Social participation was assessed using the Chinese version of the Impact on Participation and Autonomy Questionnaire (IPA). Latent profile analysis (LPA) was performed to extract latent classes of social participation among older adults in western China. The chi-square test and multinomial regression analyses were used to identify differences between these classes.ResultsThree social participation classes were identified by LPA: high social participation (25.2%), moderate social participation (55.1%), and low social participation (19.7%). Being older, having a primary school education level, having mobility or speaking impairment, using assistive devices, and having a chronic disease were highly associated with the low social participation class (P &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, older adults with no dependence (OR = 0.018, 95% CI = 0.005–0.062) or mild dependence (OR = 0.039, 95% CI = 0.011–0.139) in activities of daily living (ADLs) were less likely to be in the low social participation class. Older adults who were cared for by non-spouse primary caregivers were more likely to be assigned to the moderate social participation group (OR = 2.097, 95% CI = 1.501–2.930) than to the high social participation group.ConclusionsMost older adults in western China have a moderate level of social participation. Advanced age, reduced ADL ability, reduced speech ability, reduced mobility, and non-spouse care are related to the level of social participation. Healthcare professionals should pay attention to the predictors for different classes, identifying high-risk groups as early as possible.
Exclusive breastfeeding and women's psychological well-being during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic in Italy
Authors: Ravaldi Claudia , Mosconi Laura , Wilson Alyce N. , Amir Lisa H. , Bonaiuti Roberto , Ricca Valdo , Vannacci Alfredo 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundAt the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, support for breastfeeding was disrupted in many countries. Italy was severely impacted by the pandemic and is known to have the lowest exclusive breastfeeding rate of all European countries. Considering the inverse association between anxiety and breastfeeding, maternal concerns about the COVID-19 emergency could reduce breastfeeding rates. The aim of the study is to explore the association between infant feeding practices and maternal COVID-19 concerns.MethodsThis paper is a secondary analysis of the cross-sectional study COVID-ASSESS conducted in Italy in 2020. The original survey was administered in two phases: during the first lockdown and during the reopening. The survey included five sections: socio-demographic, medical history, concerns about the COVID-19 pandemic, infant feeding practices and psychometric evaluation. Participants were considered eligible for the post-hoc analyses if they were exclusively breastfeeding or they were feeding with infant formula (either alone or with breastfeeding) at the time of the interview.ResultsBetween phase 1 and phase 2 there was a decrease in anxiety and concerns about the danger of COVID-19 to general health, except for concerns about their baby's health. Women using formula were more concerned about all the health topics investigated. Moreover, they showed higher levels of stress, state anxiety, somatization and PTSD symptoms.ConclusionBreastfeeding during the first pandemic lockdown in Italy seems to have been an independent factor associated with lower anxiety about COVID-19, fewer psychopathological symptoms, and a positive experience of infant feeding.