bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum bilirubin association with estimated glomerular filtration rate and other risk factors in the progression of chronic kidney disease among CKD patients: A Hospital-based cross sectional study design
Authors: Seyoum Fikadu , Zawdie Belay 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Chronic kidney disease is one of the most serious public health burdens globally, with significant morbidity, mortality, and reduced in patient life expectancy. Although the current marker of kidney disease is the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), the serum creatinine used for GFR determination is influenced by many factors. Therefore, it has become increasingly important to search for possible additional parameters related to estimated glomerular filtration rate to enhance early detection of disease progression. This study aims to evaluate serum bilirubin parameter and its correlation with eGFR in the progression of chronic kidney disease among CKD patients on follow-up at Jimma University Medical Center.
Method
A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Jimma University Medical Center from November 5 to January 13, 2022. Using consecutive sampling technique, a total of 140 CKD follow-up patients were recruited into the current study. Data were collected using interviewer-based structured questionnaires, record reviews, and physical examinations. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 25.0. The correlation between eGFR as well as other explanatory variables with serum bilirubin (total and direct) concentrations was examined by Pearson’s correlation analyses. Univariate and multivariate linear regression were used to test predictors of serum bilirubin (total and direct bilirubin) in the study participants.
Results
A total of 140 study participants were recruited for this study. Subjects included (54.3% [n = 76]) men and (45.7% [n = 64]) women, respectively. The mean (SD) age of study subjects was 51.04 ± 9.02 years with a minimum and maximum age of being 30 and 70 years old, respectively. A positive correlation was found between serum bilirubin and eGFR; total bilirubin(r = 0.868, P < 0.001), direct bilirubin (r = 0.641, P < 0.001). BMI was negatively correlated (r=-0.221, P < 0.009) with serum bilirubin value. Moreover, the eGFR value was positively associated (β = 0.04, P = < 0.001) with serum total bilirubin among study participants.
Conclusion
According to the results of the current study, estimated glomerular filtration rate were positively correlated with both serum total and direct bilirubin. Furthermore, eGFR was positively associated with serum total and direct bilirubin in the study subjects, whereas BMI was negatively associated with serum bilirubin in CKD participants. Therefore, low serum bilirubin (total and direct bilirubin) and increased body mass index are independent risk factors for disease progression in patients with CKD.
Gene sequencing and result analysis of balanced translocation carriers by third-generation gene sequencing technology
Authors: Zeng Xiaoqi , Lin Dandan , Liang Danhong , Huang Jingwen , Yi Jinsong , Lin Dianliang , Zhang Zhengmian 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Because the total gene copy number remains constant and all genes are normally expressed, carriers of balanced chromosomal translocations usually have a normal phenotype but are able to produce many different types of gametes during meiosis, and unbalanced gametes lead to increased risks of infertility, recurrent spontaneous abortion, stillbirth, neonatal death or malformations and intellectual abnormalities in offspring. The key to balanced translocations lies in finding the breakpoints, but current genetic testing techniques are all short-read sequencing, with the disadvantage of procedural complexity and imprecision for precisely identifying the breakpoints. The latest third-generation sequencing technology overcomes these drawbacks and uses robust long-read sequencing to accurately and rapidly detect genome-wide information and identify breakpoint locations. In this paper, we performed whole genome long-read sequencing using an Oxford Nanopore sequencer to detect the breakpoints of four balanced chromosomal translocation carriers. The results showed that employing about ~ 10 × coverage confirmed 6 of the 8 breakpoints, of which, 2 had microdeletions / insertions identified near the breakpoints and 4 had breakpoints that disrupted the normal gene structure and were simultaneously tested for genome-wide SVs. The results show that whole genome long-read sequencing is an efficient method for pinpointing translocation breakpoints and providing genome-wide information, which is essential for medical genetics and preimplantation genetic testing.
Unit indicators of the greenhouse effect for CO2 and steam from H2O and their anthropogenic impact on the climate
Authors: V.M. Vladimir Zhmakin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The greenhouse effect from anthropogenic CO2 emissions into the atmosphere is currently determined at the level of expert assessments, and the unit is adopted as a unit for measuring the impact of greenhouse gases on the climate. The article is devoted to the establishment by mathematical methods of physical units of the greenhouse effect for CO2 and steam from H2O and their influence on the climate. The formula of the radiation equilibrium of the surface and atmosphere is derived for the evening time from the formula of the radiation balance of the Earth's surface. Data from Mars Pathfinder on this equilibrium were used to determine the unit greenhouse index for CO2, which was 0.0138 ±0.001 K m2kg-1. A similar indicator was found for H2O vapor equal to 0.0696 ± 0.004 K m2kg-1 based on the difference in temperature and humidity of desert and coastal areas. The integral temperature index of 0.263 ± 0.021 K m2 kg-1 of H2O vapors was determined by modeling and establishing the relationship between humidity and temperature during statistical processing of meteorological data. The greenhouse effect of CO2 and steam from H2O is insignificant due to the low average content. However, a small anthropogenic increment of CO2 contributes to the formation of a small portion of steam, which increases the temperature by heat transfer and gives a new portion of steam, etc., with an increase in temperature until noon exponentially. The anthropogenic increase in CO2 caused a rising in the H2O vapor content in the atmosphere and from him the near-surface temperature by 1.43 ± 0.11, and for human habitation areas - by 1.55 ± 0.12 K. The results of this work can be used to predict climate change and take measures to neutralize it.
Eicosanoid Lipidome Activation in the APOE4 Brain with Dementia
Authors: Yassine Hussein N. , Ebright Brandon , Assante Isaac , Poblete Roy , Wang Shaowei , Duro Marlon Vincent , Bennet David A. , Arvanitakis Zoe , Louie Stanley 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Chronic neuroinflammation is one of the hallmarks of late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD) dementia pathogenesis. Carrying the Apolipoprotein ε4 (APOE4) allele has been associated with an accentuated response to brain inflammation and increases the risk of AD dementia progression. Among inflammation signaling pathways, aberrant eicosanoid activation plays a prominent role in neurodegeneration. Methods: Using brains from the Religious Order Study (ROS), this study compared measures of brain eicosanoid lipidome in older persons with AD dementia to age-matched controls with no cognitive impairment (NCI), stratified by APOE genotype. Results: Lipidomic analysis of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex demonstrated lower levels of omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), and DHA-derived neuroprotectin D1 (NPD-1) in persons with AD dementia, all of which associated with lower measures of cognitive function. In persons with dementia. A significant interaction was observed between carrying the APOE4 allele and higher levels of both pro-inflammatory lipids and pro-resolving eicosanoid lipids on measures of cognitive performance and on neuritic plaque burden. Furthermore, analysis of lipid metabolism pathways implicated activation of calcium dependent phospholipase A2 (cPLA2), 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) and soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) enzymes. Conclusion: These findings implicate activation of the eicosanoid lipidome in the chronic unresolved state of inflammation in AD dementia, that is increased in carriers of the APOE4 allele, and identify potential therapeutic targets for resolving this chronic inflammatory state.
Pharmacokinetics, Bioequivalence and Safety of Cloperastine in Chinese Healthy Subjects under the Fasting and Postprandial Conditions
Authors: Gao Li-Chen , Luo Hong-Yu , Long Hui-Zhi , Zhou Zi-Wei , Xu Shuo-Guo , Li Feng-Jiao , Cheng Yan , Wen Dan-Dan , Deng Ping 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Cloperastine is a preferred pivotal antibechic drug, mainly used for the cough caused by respiratory diseases. Previous studies have proved that it is effective and safe in the patients. Methods: The present phase I trial was designed to evaluate the pharmacokinetics (PK), bioequivalence (BE) and safety of 10 mg cloperastine in Chinese healthy subjects after single-dose administration under the fasting and postprandial conditions. A total of 60 subjects were enrolled in either the fasting (28 subjects) or postprandial group (32 subjects). A two-cycle test was carried out with an interval of 7 days. The whole blood samples were collected for the PK and BE analysis before and after administration (0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, 36, 48 h). The primary endpoints of the PK parameters for BE trial were the area under the plasma concentration time curve from zero to t and 72 h (AUC0-t), the maximal plasma concentration (Cmax), and the safety parameters as secondary endpoints were mainly the occurrence of adverse events (AE), vital signs, physical examination, electrocardiogram, and laboratory tests before and after the trial. Results: A total of 25 and 30 subjects in the fasting and postprandial groups completed this clinical trial, respectively. The geometric mean ratio (GMR) of test/reference (T/R) for Cmax and AUC0-72h were 102.05 % and 103.80 % in the fasting trial, respectively. And their 90% confidence interval (CI) were 93.63 %~111.22 % and 95.74 %~112.54 %, respectively. In the postprandial condition, the GMR of T/R for Cmax and AUC0-72h were 94.20 % and 98.78 %, respectively. And their 90 % CI were 87.44 %~101.49 % and 93.53 %~104.33 %, respectively. All the values were fell within the range of 80.00 %~125.00 %. Furthermore, no adverse reactions (ADR) and serious adverse events (SAE) occurred during the whole clinical trial. Conclusions: The results of this trial showed that the T and R tablets were bioequivalent under both conditions. Moreover, both preparations were tolerated well.Clinical Trial Registration: http://www.chinadrugtrials.org.cn/m_index.html, CTR20212515
Ways to Unravel the Clinical Potential of Carbon Ions for Head and Neck Cancer Reirradiation: Dosimetric Comparison and Local Failure Pattern Analysis as Part of the Prospective Randomized CARE Trial
Authors: Held Thomas , Tessonnier Thomas , Franke Henrik , Regnery Sebastian , Bauer Lukas , Weusthof Katharina , Harrabi Semi , Herfarth Klaus , Mairani Andrea , Debus Jürgen , Adeberg Sebastian 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) yields biophysical advantages compared to photons but randomized studies for the reirradiation setting are pending. The aim of the current project was to evaluate potential clinical benefits and drawbacks of CIRT compared to volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) in recurrent head and neck cancer. Methods: Dose-volume parameters and local failure patterns of CIRT compared to VMAT were evaluate in 16 patients from the randomized CARE trial on head and neck cancer reirradiation. Results: Despite an increased target dose, CIRT resulted in significantly reduced organ at risk (OAR) dose across all patients (−8.7% Dmean). The dose-volume benefits were most pronounced in the brainstem (−20.7% Dmax) and the optic chiasma (−13.0% Dmax). The most frequent local failure was type E (extraneous; 50%), followed type B (peripheral; 33%) and type A (central; 17%). In one patient with type A biological and/or dosimetric failure after CIRT, mMKM dose recalculation revealed reduced target coverage. Conclusions: CIRT resulted in highly improved critical OAR sparing compared to VMAT across all head and neck cancer reirradiation scenarios despite an increased prescription dose. Local failure pattern analysis revealed further potential CIRT specific clinical benefits and potential pitfalls with regard to image-guidance and biological dose-optimization.
Independent-Effect Comparison of Five Crosslinking Procedures for Progressive Keratoconus Based On Keratometry and ABCD Grading System Using Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE)
Authors: Liu Yu , Shen Dan , Wang Haoyu , Liang Dengfeng , Zeng Qingyan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Corneal collagen crosslinking (CXL) is a newly treatment for progressive keratoconus. Several CXL modalities were developed clinically. However, few comparative researches about the effectiveness of multiple CXL modalities exist. This study is to compare the 1-year outcomes of five CXL procedures for progressive keratoconus using generalized estimating equations (GEE) to remove the effect of age, baseline data and bilateral surgery in a Chinese population. Methods: This retrospective study included 213 eyes of 154 patients with keratoconus who underwent CXL and were observed for 1 year. Five CXL procedures were assessed, including accelerated transepithelial corneal-crosslinking (ATE CXL), iontophoresis corneal-crosslinking (I-CXL) for 10 min, CXL plus phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK), high-fluence accelerated corneal crosslinking (High-Fluence A-CXL), and accelerated corneal cross-linking (A-CXL). Patients treated with A-CXL represented the reference group. Primary outcomes were the changes of visual acuity, spherical equivalence, endothelial cell density (ECD)，mean keratometry (Kmean), maximum keratometry (Kmax), minimum corneal thickness (MCT), A (staging index for ARC; ARC = anterior radius of curvature), B (staging index for PRC, PRC = posterior radius of curvature), and C (staging index for MCT) value 1-year postoperatively compared with baseline. Secondary outcomes were comparisons of corrected GEE from each procedure versus the A-CXL group.Results: The A-TE CXL group performed worse than A-CXL group with Kmean and Kmax. The CXL-plus-PTK group performed significantly better than the reference group as reflected by Kmax (β = -0.907, P = 0.049). However, the CXL-plus-PTK group performed worse on B and C, which the I-CXL for 10 min group performed better. The corneal capacity of five eyes from three pediatric patients who underwent High-Fluence A-CXL procedure was measured.Conclusions: The CXL-plus-PTK procedure appeared to have better efficacy than the A-CXL procedure based on Kmax, and the I-CXL for 10 min procedure performed better based on the ABCD Grading System. Stronger protection of the cornea should be taken for pediatric patients who undergo the High-Fluence A-CXL procedure.
Professional identity and related factors of general practitioners in Western China: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Deng Jingzhi , Xu Yang , Li Qiaoya , Li Rao , Yang Wen , Tan Wenhao , Yu Yue , Zhou Xingyun , Deng Huisheng 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
The higher professional identity of general practitioners (GPs) helps to promote the establishment of hierarchical diagnosis and treatment in China. However, previous studies focus on the investigation of specialists. As the main provider of residents’ health services, GPs are the basis of primary health care services in China. This study aims to investigate the professional identity of GPs and its influencing factors.
Methods
A cross-sectional online questionnaire survey was conducted from December 2021 to January 2022, and subjects were selected by two-stage stratified random sampling. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from 2,200 GPs (99.1% response rate) in Chongqing, a municipality in western China. Practicing identity was measured by the Practicing Identity Scale, psychological capital was measured by the Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ-24), and patients were measured by the Perceptual Patient Slowness Questionnaire. Through the construction of a multiple linear regression model to analyze correlation, the related factors of GPs’ professional identity are discussed.
Results
The total score of professional identity of GPs was 65, with an average score of 53.59 (SD = 6.42). The scores of self-efficacy, hope, optimism, and resilience in psychological capital were 26.87 ± 5.70, 26.47 ± 5.74, 26.97 ± 5.55, and 26.86 ± 5.59, respectively. The score of perceived patients was 34.19 ± 7.59. Average monthly income, management responsibility, work tenure, self-efficacy, hope, resilience, and patient’s contempt are related to practice identity (P < 0.05).
Conclusions
GPs in Chongqing, a municipality directly under the central government in western China have high professional identity and strong psychology.
RubikONNs: Multi-task Learning with Rubik's Diffractive Optical Neural Networks
Authors: Li Yingjie , Gao Weilu , Yu Cunxi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Optical neural networks (ONNs) are emerging as a high-performance machine learning (ML) in terms of power efficiency, parallelism, and computational speed. There are broad interests in leveraging ONNs into medical sensing, security screening, drug detection, and autonomous driving. However, it is challenging to implement reconfigurability for ONNs at specific frequency, e.g., Terehertz (THz), and thus deploying multi-task learning (MTL) algorithms on ONNs requires re-building and duplicating physical diffractive systems, which significantly degrades the energy and cost efficiency in practical application scenarios. This work presents a diffractive ONNs targeting MTL with unreconfigurable components, namely, RubikONNs. This architecture utilizes the physical properties of optical systems to encode multiple feed-forward functions by physically rotating the hardware similarly to rotating a Rubik's Cube. We demonstrate two domain-specific training algorithms RotAgg and RotSeq to optimize MTL performance of RubikONNs. Our analytic results demonstrate more than 4x improvements in energy and cost efficiency with marginal accuracy degradation compared to the state-of-the-art approaches for MTL-ONNs. Moreover, we perform a comprehensive RubikONNs design space analysis and explainability, which offers concrete design methodologies for practical uses.
Pilot Study: Utilization of Telemedicine and Enhanced Recovery after Surgery in Adolescent Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Kang Hae Sung , McHargue Cody , Kraus Samuel , Kang Joshua , Malkawi Dima , Dao Vinh , Thompson Nancy , DeAntonio Jonathan , Oiticica Claudio , Lanning David A. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Introduction:
Principles of Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS) have been successful in improving adult perioperative care. We have previously shown the feasibility of telemedicine in pediatric postoperative care. This study assesses the effectiveness of telemedicine and ERAS (TERAS) to facilitate early discharge while improving perioperative care of adolescent metabolic and bariatric surgery (AMBS) patients.
Method
TERAS principles included: minimization of fasting, emphasis on non-narcotic analgesia, minimization of indwelling catheters, aggressive patient mobilization and close interval telemedicine visit. Length of stay (LOS), narcotic use, perioperative complications, ED visits and readmissions were compared between enrolled patients (n = 8) and historic controls (n = 10). Caregiver satisfaction with telemedicine was surveyed.
Results
The study group showed shorter LOS and less narcotic use than the control group with comparable pain control. There was no difference in ED visit, readmission or complication rates. Every caregiver was very satisfied with the telemedicine visit and stated they preferred it over an in-person visit.
Conclusion
Implementation of the TERAS protocol in AMBS may result in shorter LOS and decreased narcotic use. TERAS protocol appears to be feasible and has the potential to be beneficial for AMBS patients.
Validity and Reliability of the “Oral Health Assessment Tool” Applied by Speech-language Therapists in a Population of Older Chilean People
Authors: Morales Camilo , Henríquez Felipe , Muñoz Sergio 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: A good state of oral health allows people to communicate and eat. This topic is relevant in older people given its close relationship with their general health. At present, health challenges are directed at detecting and preventing oral disorders and are seen to exclusively by dentists, because the existing instruments can only be applied by them. However, speech-language therapists undergo similar training, which would allow them to collaborate in these processes. In this context, the Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT) is a detection instrument with good psychometric properties that is currently available for non-dental use, and the objective of this study is the translation into Chilean Spanish of the OHAT and validation of that version for application by these professionals. Materials and methods: A mixed qualitative-quantitative study was carried out. The OHAT instrument was adapted to Chilean Spanish and subsequently subject to construct validation and evaluation of internal consistency reliability, as well as a valuation of its reproducibility in 286 older people (138 female, 100 male) from different health contexts. Results: The cultural adaptation of the instrument proved to be semantically consistent with the original instrument. Its application was considered to be speedy and simple in the pre-test. The minimum rank factor analysis evidenced the unidimensionality of the OHAT, explaining 64.4% of the common variance. In addition, the instrument shows good internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Conclusions: The OHAT instrument was considered to possess adequate validity and test-retest reliability properties. Its usefulness in the context of oral health disorders of this population in Chile is discussed.
Lepidium meyenii Walp (red maca) supplementation prevents acrylamide-induced oxidative stress and liver toxicity in rats: Phytochemical composition by UHPLC–Q/Orbitrap/MS/MS
Authors: Ybañez-Julca Roberto O. , Palacios Javier , Asunción-Alvarez Daniel , Quispe-Diaz Ivan , Nwokocha Chukwuemeka R. , de Albuquerque Ricardo Diego Duarte Galhardo 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Lepidium meyenii Walp (red maca) is a high Andean plant cultivated since the time of the Incas, and has innumerable therapeutic properties. The study aims to identify its phytochemical composition using UHPLC–Q/Orbitrap/MS/MS, and to evaluate its effects on acrylamide-induced oxidative stress. The lyophilized aqueous extract of red maca (LAqE-RM) was orally administered in doses of 1 and 2 g/kg body weight for 4 weeks. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in erythrocytes, brain and liver, as well as hepatic levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were determined. Administration of acrylamide for 2 weeks and 4 weeks significantly increased (p <0.001) MDA levels in erythrocytes, brain, and liver. However, LAqE-RM was able to prevent (p <0.001) an increase in MDA levels in all tissues studied. Likewise, the groups treated with LAqE-RM presented significantly (p <0.001) lower levels of ALT and AST compared to the control. Treatment with LAqE-RM ameliorated the acrylamide-induced oxidative stress by reducing MDA levels in erythrocytes, brain, and liver, and by reducing liver levels of ALT and AST in a dose dependent manner. Twenty-five secondary metabolites were identified and characterized from LAqE-RM based on UHPLC mass spectrophotometry, these include; carbolines, alkamides, fatty acids and macamides, which are probably involved in their antioxidant protective role.