bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of vitamins and minerals in immunity
Authors: Paul P Yuvaraj , Satya Lakshmi K , Satyanath D , Muralidharan Shrikanth 
Published: May 2022

Immune system is defined as the variety of cells and molecules that have involved in protecting humans/animals from the invasion of pathogenic microorganisms/antigens. The immune system structures; thymus spleen, lymph nodes and specific immunity cells which plays a major role in the immune mechanism. This review paper describes the various effects of micro and macro nutrients on the immune system of the human body.
Variations in origin of inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery
Authors: Kottapalli Suresh Babu , Potuganti Mithil , Kumar Sarangdhar 
Published: May 2022

Coeliac trunk and Superior Mesenteric arteries are very much susceptible to variations and were described by Tandler in 1904. Abdominal aorta branches are classified as single double or visceral parietal. Double visceral branches are middle suprarenal, renal and testicular arteries and single visceral branches are coeliac trunk, superior mesenteric and inferior mesenteric arteries. Materials and Methods: After obtaining ethical committee approval, we observed the origin, course and branching pattern of pancreatico duodenal arteries in 50 cadavers kept for dissection from 2019-2022 in Rohilkand Medical College and Hospital and Ayaan Institute of Medical Sciences. Results: In a male cadaver aged approximately 60 years, we observed that inferior pancreatico duodenal artery is absent. In another male cadaver aged about 70 years, we observed an additional inferior pancreatico duodenal artery. In remaining specimens, we observed the branching pattern very much normal.
Genomics in precision medicine
Authors: Shivani S. 
Published: May 2022

The term Precision Medicine (PM) gained significant attention in the field of drug discovery. The roots of PM can be traced back even before the start of Human Genome Project (in the early 2000s) but came into existence only by 2010. PM is a preventative strategy that focuses on improved patient care by taking account on variability in genes, environment, and lifestyle for each individual. PM is a long-term endeavour, including the National Institute of Health (NIH) and multiple other research centres were pioneers in funding and conducting cutting edge research related to PM. Knowing the genetic makeup of an individual will help us better understand and predict the risk of disease, this will further aid in personalised diagnosis and treatment strategies. Although there has been significant number of research articles available on PM, however to the best of my knowledge they do not emphasise much on the reasons why PM has not been the choice for disease diagnosis and patient care. Therefore, this article will explain how PM will transform the future of heath care as we know it today. In addition, this article also discusses on factors that will aid in the development of PM.
effect of Shiitake mushroom derived Lentinan (β-glucan) administration on some hematological and biochemical parameters in intact rabbits
Authors: Alkenany Muhammad Riyadh , Khalil Luma Waleed 
Published: May 2022

This study was conducted to investigate the nutritional effect of shitake mushroom extract (Lentinan) on some hematological and biochemical parameters in healthy female rabbits. The study included ourteen rabbits at age of (7-8) weeks. After acclimatization, animals were divided into two equal groups and as follows: first group (G1) included seven intact rabbits fed with food and distilled water (IDW) ad libitum,. The second group (G2) or (IL) included seven rabbits that were supplemented with Lentinan (10mg/kg/BW) daily and orally. The results of this study showed that the effect of supplementation the animals with mushroom extract (Lentinan) at a dose 10mg/kg/BW on G2 (IL) cause a significant increase (P≤0.05) in platelets counts but there were no significant (P≤0.05) change appeared on red blood cells. The results of experiment also confirmed the protective role of mushroom extract (Lentinan) against oxidative stress through the significant increase (P≤0.05) in the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and decrease in concentration of peroxynitrite radical (ONOO-) in treatment groups (IL) as compared with control group(IDW).
IN-VITRO ASSESSMENT OF PROBIOTIC PROPERTIES OF LACTIC ACID BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM NATURALLY FERMENTED RICE GRUEL OF SOUTH INDIA
Authors: Kowsalya Mariyappan , Sudha Kattakgounder Govindaraj , Ali Saheb , Velmurugan Thangavel , Karunakaran Gopalu , Prasanna Rajeshkumar Mohan 
Published: May 2022

Fermented foods prepared traditionally involves natural fermentation by numerous beneficial bacteria. The scientific evidence for the presence of specific probiotic strains in fermented rice gruel is lacking. The objective of our study is to identify the lactic acid bacteria involved in the fermentation of rice gruel and to evaluate their probiotic characteristics. From the fermented rice gruel, Pediococcus pentosaceus strain PRK1 (MT019527) and Lactobacillus plantarum strain PRK7 (MT022517) and Lactobacillus plantarum strain PRK11 (MT022576) were identified by 16s rRNA gene sequencing and their sequence was submitted to NCBI. The invitro probiotic characterization methods like autoaggregation, co-aggregation, tolerance to acidic pH, bile, Nacl, antibacterial activity, antibiotic susceptibility and safety assessment were analyzed in this study. The evaluated invitro probiotic properties of the isolates were tolerance to pH 2; autoaggregation is 91%, 83 %, and 89%; co-aggregation is 36.1%, 37.1%, and 42.5%; the percentage of suppression at 0.3% of bile is 88%, 86.5%, and 81.3% and tolerance to 4% of NaCl. The isolates exhibited antibacterial activity against the clinical pathogens E. coli, P. aeroginosa, Proteus sp., K. pneumoniae, Salmonella sp., S. aureus, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Enterococcus faecium, and S. epidermidis. The safety assessment of the isolates exhibits no hemolytic activity and it is also sensitive to most of the tested antibiotics. Further, nutrition profiling of fermented rice gruel shows increase in micronutrients and the presence of vitamin B9 and B12. Hence, this study provides evidence for the presence of lactic acid bacteria in the fermented rice gruel an indigenous food which can be developed as functional food in future.
Sistem Ekonomi Koperasi Sebagai Solusi Masalah Perekonomian Di Indonesia
Authors: Wakarmamu Thobby , Wakarmamu Christine Marina 
Published: May 2022

Until now, it is unclear what the economic system adopted by Indonesian nation. Perhaps people say economic system Indonesia is a mix between the capitalist economic system and the Socialist-Liberal-Command. Whatever the Indonesian economic system adopted, a clear until now the Indonesian economy increasingly lagging behind countries - countries ASEAN others who used it under Indonesia. Indonesia's economy is still not in favor of interest people. The little people are likely still not optimal in enjoy the fruits of national development, resulting in a gap that is very width between the rich and the poor. Since the State of Indonesia's independence, actually Bung Hatta launched a cooperative economic system for the Indonesian nation. Even This cooperative economic system has been set forth in the Constitution 'of 1945, in particular Article 33. But in reality, the government (nation) Indonesia never consistent with Article 33 is in the running wheel the national economy. Perhaps this is what causes the economy Indonesia continues to face chronic problems such as those in on. If the economic system is fundamentally cooperative studied, actually cooperative has characteristics that are closely aligned with the situation and culture Indonesian nation. Therefore, it is not something that is not possible if the cooperative economic system serve as a solution to Indonesia's economic problems. The issue is whether the government and the Indonesian people can apply cooperative economic system This consequently and continue.Keywords : Cooperative Economic System, Indonesia Economy
Analis Pembagian Kerja Diantara Anggota Keluarga Dalam Pertanian Rakyat Di Distrik Walelagama Kabupaten Jayawijaya
Authors: Urip Transna Putra 
Published: May 2022

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yang membahas tentang pembagian kerja diantara anggota keluarga dan faktor-faktor yang mendorong pembagian kerja di Distrik Walelagama Kabupaten Jayawijaya, dimana titik fokus penelitian adalah pada tahap-tahap kegiatan pertanian yaitu tahap penyiapan lahan, tahap penanaman, tahap pemeliharaan dan tahap pengambilan hasil. Adapun unit penelitian ini adalah anggota rumah tangga tani yang terdiri dari Ayah, Ibu, Anak Laki-laki dan Anak Perempuan. Analisis dilakukan secara deskriptif kuantitatif dengan melihat keterlibatan setiap anggota keluarga dalam kegiatan-kegiatan yang ada dalam tahapan kegiatan pertanian dan faktor yang mendorong terjadinya pembagian tersebut. Hasil analisis menunjukkan Adanya pembagian kerja yang jelas diantara anggota keluarga, dimana anggota keluarga yang berstatus Ayah dan Anak laki-laki mendapat tugas pada tahap penyiapan lahan dan kegiatan pemeliharaan saluran air pada tahap pemeliharaan , sedangkan anggota keluarga Ibu dan Anak perempuan mendapat tugas pada tahap penanaman, pekerjaan pemeliharaan tanaman pada tahap pemeliharaan dan tahap pengambilan hasil. Faktor yang mendorong timbulnya pembagian kerja adalah faktor kekuatan fisik, ketelitian dan sosial budaya (kebiasaan).Kata kunci : Pertanian Rakyat, Anggota Keluarga, Pembagian Kerja.
President's Message
Authors: Muniak Charles 
Published: May 2022

I have just returned from the 36th International System Safety Conference (ISSC) in Phoenix, Arizona, and I want to share some of my perceptions and observations. It seemed to me that, in general, people were more enthusiastic and in a better mood than usual. If anyone has an explanation for this please tell me, as I would like to repeat this.
At the Executive Council (EC) meeting held the weekend before the Conference, we discussed a variety of topics — the most important of which were paradigm shifts, and how we might increase membership and strengthen the chapters.
TBD
Authors: Hoes Charles 
Published: May 2022

There are a number of things happening within the International System Safety Society (ISSS) that are important to the future of the organization and to the system safety profession as a whole. My guess is that the President’s (Russ Mitchell) Message, and some other parts of this issue of Journal of System Safety, will contain additional information about these potential changes. I hope that we will not be in significant disagreement about the nature of the new direction.
Leading indicators of these changes are our focus on the four (or possibly five) “initiatives” that were begun a couple of years ago. These initiatives focus on standardization, training/education and certification. The importance of this is that the ISSS has adopted a renewed stance that the Society has a duty and responsibility to actively promote and enhance the system safety profession by creating new materials, training opportunities, alliances and associated activities. This is a shift from our historical stance of waiting for things to come from chapters and a few energized members, and supporting whatever develops as best we can. It is the difference between being proactive and reactive at the Society level.
President's Message
Authors: Mitchell Russ 
Published: May 2022

It’s the new year, a new decade, and we’ve turned the page as an organization. We’ve completed our contracting process and have a new staff!
We’ve contracted with Ewald Consulting to provide association management services. Under this new arrangement, we will benefit by having professional staff available to help plan our annual Conference and events, provide enhanced member services and assist the Society’s leadership in moving strategic initiatives forward. Ewald Consulting is charter accredited by the Association Management Companies Institute (AMC Institute) and charter certified by the American Society of Association Executives (ASAE).
President's Message
Authors: Mitchell Russ 
Published: May 2022

We are professionals dedicated to the safety of systems, products and services. Our hope is to make these elements safe for all who use them. In my mind, this vision is agnostic regarding color and culture. Our very work effort is offered because we hold life and health as a fundamental value underlying our society.
We have recently witnessed disturbing events in the U.S., in addition to the COVID-19 pandemic that we have all been coping with for months now. The murders of George Floyd, Ahmaud Arbery and Breonna Taylor have made it unbearably apparent to me that racial injustice is very much a reality in the U.S. — and that it continues to plague the lives of people of color. Our membership includes people of color who are our colleagues and practitioners of safety, committed to our same vision. Our ranks are inclusive of race, color and gender. I am personally committed to ensuring their experience is professional, engaging, enriching, and free of both racism and genderism.
System Safety in Healthcare
Authors: Raheja Dev , Escano Maria 
Published: May 2022

A Johns Hopkins study in 2018 claims that more than 250,000 people in the United States die every year from medical errors. Other reports claim the numbers to be as high as 440,000. At that time, medical errors are the third-leading cause of death, after heart disease and cancer.
Hospitals make more money when they make mistakes, and reducing mistakes could actually cut into a hospital’s profits, according to a study by the managing director at the Boston Consulting Group, reported in The New York Times. This article shows very profitable examples of the good, as well as bad, practice of medicine.
TBD
Authors: Hoes Charles 
Published: May 2022

I have been noticing a definite uptick in the number of industry groups that are talking about the benefits of system safety. Many of them don’t know that they are “inventing” an approach that has been successfully used for almost 100 years on millions of projects with a combined value of tens of trillions of dollars. It seems that many of these groups believe they came up with the “new” idea that designing safety into projects is better, less expensive and results in fewer false starts than traditional safety approaches — not to mention that it is also more effective in reducing accident losses.
System safety is an engineering process that starts as early as practical and continues throughout the project’s life until there is no longer value in continuing. Conceptually, system safety consists of three simple steps:

Identify potential hazards.
Control the risks associated with those identified hazards to acceptable levels.
Repeat.
Ionizing Radiation Hazards: Dangerous Goods IV
Authors: Zito Richard 
Published: May 2022

The unwanted flow of matter is governed by chemical equations like Fick’s Law (diffusion of mass), the Arrhenius Law (rate of reaction), and most importantly the Nernst Equation (yielding the electrochemical potential of species). In addition to these chemical equations, the other unifying sutra (or “suture”) of eclectic dangerous goods problems, and the one that will be employed in this paper, is the construction of Gaussian surfaces through which energy may flow. This energy could be electromagnetic radiation, heat, ionizing radiation, non-ionizing radiation (light), acoustic energy, or even just fields. Once an equation is developed for the flow through a unit area of a Gaussian surface, a comparison can be made between an exposure and some Exposure Limit. And, there are many different types of limits depending on the conditions of the exposure. But, in general, if an exposure is below the Exposure Limit, then safety is implied. Above the limit, steps must be taken to provide shielding.
In this paper, attention will be focused on the hazards produced by flows of ionizing radiation energy emitted from a source. Ionizing radiation can penetrate deeply into matter and is capable of removing electrons from neutral atoms all along its path. Such widespread damage can disrupt DNA and, ultimately, result in carcinogenic tumors.
Principles Again
Authors: Muniak Charles 
Published: May 2022

Do we have a “nearly perfect” book that covers the subject of system safety? If this book did exist, how would we know?
During a recent Zoom meeting on the International System Safety Society (ISSS) initiatives, I noted a few remarks of interest. One individual asked, “What is the gospel of system safety?” Later, they changed the question to one about “principles of system safety.” I was pleased to hear this, as it correlated with the point I was trying to make in my “From the Editor’s Desk” article on principles in the Fall/Winter 2020 issue of Journal of System Safety.
Vaccine Safety
Authors: Zito Richard 
Published: May 2022

We are now near the end of the second year of the COVID-19 pandemic, and it has been a year since the first International System Safety Society (ISSS) Conference coronavirus presentation. This past year has seen the development and distribution of several vaccines, as predicted in the previous publication about the pandemic. These new weapons against disease will save millions of lives all over the globe in the next few years — and they were developed faster than any vaccine in medical history. Yet these same vaccines have been the victim of numerous allegations from the start. In fact, their strongest virtue — the speed with which they were developed and distributed — is seen by their critics as a fault, possibly resulting in an unsafe or insufficiently tested product. Is there any truth to these claims? How do these vaccines work? And how are they made? Vaccine Safety.
In order to establish an orderly, technically accurate, objective, and comprehensive record of the events of these times that is accessible to the general public and of some use to posterity, this second publication has been prepared. It is also hoped that this report will mitigate some of the concerns that people have about vaccine safety.
Prevalence of hyperglycemia in masters athletes
Authors: Climstein Mike , Walsh Joe , Adams Kent , Sevene Trish , Heazlewood Tim , DeBeliso Mark 
Published: May 2022

Background
Ageing is associated with decreased physical activity, obesity and subsequently an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2dm). Master athletes (MA) have initiated exercise or sport later in life or pursued a physically active lifestyle for an extended period. Subsequently, MAs have been proposed as a model of successful ageing as this active lifestyle is associated with health benefits including decreased health risk of chronic diseases and a reduction in premature mortality. Given long-term physical activity/exercise has previously been shown to be protective against hyperglycemia, a risk factor for T2dm, it is plausible that MA may have protective benefit against developing hyperglycemia. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of hyperglycemia via fasting plasma glucose (FPG) in MAs competing at the World Masters Games (WMG).

Methods
This cross-sectional, observational survey utilized an online survey using open-source web-based software was used to investigate MAs physiological and medical-related parameters. Over 28,000 MAs competed in the WMG, of which 8,072 MAs completed the survey. Of these MAs, a total of 486 (males 277, females 209; range 27 to 91 years, mean age 55.1 ± 10.2 years) attained recent pathology results which included FPG which was subsequently analyzed for this study. FPG and other outcome variables were compared between genders and to the Australian and United States general population.

Results
Mean FPG for MAs was 5.03 mmol (±1.2, 95% CI [4.9–5.1] mmol) with majority (75.5%) of MAs reporting a normal (<5.5 mmol) FPG, followed by pre-diabetes (20.2%, >5.51 to <5.99 mmol) and abnormal (4.3%, >7.0 mmol). There was no significant difference (P = 0.333) in FPG between genders however, males had a slightly higher (+2.1%) FPG as compared to females (5.08 ± 1.2 mmol (95% CI [4.9–5.22] mmol) versus 4.98 ± 1.1 mmol (95% CI 4.8-5.1 mmol)). The majority of males (71.8%) and females (80.3%) were classified with a normal FPG. With regard to an abnormal FPG level, only 4.0% of males and 4.9% of females were classified abnormal which was suggestive of undiagnosed T2dm. With regard to age by decade, there was no significant difference (P = 0.06–1.00) between age groups and no relationship between the MAs’ age and FPG (r = .054, P = 0.24). As a group, MAs had a significantly lower FPG as compared to the Australian (−3.2%, P = 0.005) and United States general populations (−13.9%, P < 0.001).

Conclusions
Most, however not all, MAs were found to have normal glycaemia, with only a small percentage indicating a risk of developing T2dm (i.e., impaired fasting glucose) and a smaller percentage identified with an abnormal FPG, suggestive of T2dm. These findings suggest MAs appear to be at low metabolic risk for developing T2dm based upon FPG and the physical activity/exercise they complete as MAs may indeed be protective against hyperglycemia whilst maintaining an active lifestyle.
Lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages regulate the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells through exosomes
Authors: Song Xiao , Xue Yiwen , Fan Siyu , Hao Jing , Deng Runzhi 
Published: May 2022

Background
Periodontal tissue regeneration is the ultimate goal of periodontitis treatment. Exosomes are nanoscale vesicles secreted by cells that participate in and regulate the physiological activities between cells. However, the relationship between inflammatory macrophage-derived exosomes and osteoblast differentiation in periodontitis has not been thoroughly reported. Here, we attempt to explore the role of inflammatory macrophage-derived exosomes in crosstalk with osteoblasts.

Methods
Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide was used to stimulate macrophages and inflate their inflammatory cellular state. Exosomes were extracted from inflammatory macrophages using supercentrifugation, and their characteristics were detected by transmission electron microscopy, particle size analysis, and Western blotting. Exosome uptake bybone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) was observed by fluorescence microscopy. The effects of exosomes on the BMSC inflammatory response and on osteogenic differentiation were detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. Alkaline phosphatase activity was tested for verification.

Results
We successfully extracted and identified inflammatory macrophage-derived exosomes and observed that BMSCs successfully took up exosomes. Inflammatory macrophage-derived exosomes upregulated the expression levels of the inflammatory factors interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha in BMSCs and mediated inflammatory stimulation. Additionally, they inhibited the transcription levels of the osteogenic genes alkaline phosphatase, type I collagen, and Runt-related transcription factor 2 as well as the alkaline phosphatase activity, while the use of the exosome inhibitor GW4869 attenuated this effect.

Conclusion
Our study shows that macrophages in periodontitis can mediate inflammatory stimulation and inhibit the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells through the exosome pathway. Interference with exosome secretion is likely to be a promising method for bone tissue regeneration in inflammatory states.