bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A collisional test-particle model of electrons at a comet
Authors: Stephenson Peter , Galand M , Deca J , Henri P , Carnielli G 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
We have developed the first 3D collisional model of electrons at a comet, which we use to examine the impact of electron-neutral collisions in the weakly outgassing regime. The test-particle Monte Carlo model uses electric and magnetic fields from a fully kinetic Particle-in-Cell (PiC) model as an input. In our model, electrons originate from the solar wind or from ionization of the neutral coma, either by electron impact or absorption of an extreme ultraviolet photon. All relevant electron-neutral collision processes are included in the model including elastic scattering, excitation, and ionization. Trajectories of electrons are validated against analytically known drifts and the stochastic energy degradation used in the model is compared to the continuous slowing down approximation. Macroscopic properties of the solar wind and cometary electron populations, such as density and temperature, are validated with simple known cases and via comparison with the collisionless PiC model. We demonstrate that electrons are trapped close to the nucleus by the ambipolar electric field, causing an increase in the efficiency of electron-neutral collisions. Even at a low-outgassing rate (Q = 1026 s−1), electron-neutral collisions are shown to cause significant cooling in the coma. The model also provides a multistep numerical framework that is used to assess the influence of the electron-to-ion mass ratio, enabling access to electron dynamics with a physical electron mass.
Deficiency of ribosomal proteins reshapes the transcriptional and translational landscape in human cells
Authors: Luan Yizhao , Tang Nan , Yang Jiaqi , Liu Shuting , Cheng Chichi , Wang Yan , Chen Congying , Guo Ya-nan , Wang Hongwei , Zhao Wenxue , Zhao Qian , Li Wei , Xiang Mengqing , Ju Rong , Xie Zhi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Human ribosomes have long been thought to be uniform factories with little regulatory function. Accumulating evidence emphasizes the heterogeneity of ribosomal protein (RP) expression in specific cellular functions and development. However, a systematic understanding of functional relevance of RPs is lacking. Here, we surveyed translational and transcriptional changes after individual knockdown of 75 RPs, 44 from the large subunit (60S) and 31 from the small subunit (40S), by Ribo-seq and RNA-seq analyses. Deficiency of individual RPs altered specific subsets of genes transcriptionally and translationally. RP genes were under cotranslational regulation upon ribosomal stress, and deficiency of the 60S RPs and the 40S RPs had opposite effects. RP deficiency altered the expression of genes related to eight major functional classes, including the cell cycle, cellular metabolism, signal transduction and development. 60S RP deficiency led to greater inhibitory effects on cell growth than did 40S RP deficiency, through P53 signaling. Particularly, we showed that eS8/RPS8 deficiency stimulated apoptosis while eL13/RPL13 or eL18/RPL18 deficiency promoted senescence. We also validated the phenotypic impacts of uL5/RPL11 and eL15/RPL15 deficiency on retina development and angiogenesis, respectively. Overall, our study provides a valuable resource for and novel insights into ribosome regulation in cellular activities, development and diseases.
Mechanisms of mitochondrial promoter recognition in humans and other mammalian species
Authors: Zamudio-Ochoa Angelica , Morozov Yaroslav I , Sarfallah Azadeh , Anikin Michael , Temiakov Dmitry 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Recognition of mammalian mitochondrial promoters requires the concerted action of mitochondrial RNA polymerase (mtRNAP) and transcription initiation factors TFAM and TFB2M. In this work, we found that transcript slippage results in heterogeneity of the human mitochondrial transcripts in vivo and in vitro. This allowed us to correctly interpret the RNAseq data, identify the bona fide transcription start sites (TSS), and assign mitochondrial promoters for &gt; 50% of mammalian species and some other vertebrates. The divergent structure of the mammalian promoters reveals previously unappreciated aspects of mtDNA evolution. The correct assignment of TSS also enabled us to establish the precise register of the DNA in the initiation complex and permitted investigation of the sequence-specific protein-DNA interactions. We determined the molecular basis of promoter recognition by mtRNAP and TFB2M, which cooperatively recognize bases near TSS in a species-specific manner. Our findings reveal a role of mitochondrial transcription machinery in mitonuclear coevolution and speciation.
Persistent DNA damage associated with ATM kinase deficiency promotes microglial dysfunction
Authors: Bourseguin Julie , Cheng Wen , Talbot Emily , Hardy Liana , Lai Jenny , Jeffries Ailsa M , Lodato Michael A , Lee Eunjung Alice , Khoronenkova Svetlana V 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The autosomal recessive genome instability disorder Ataxia–telangiectasia, caused by mutations in ATM kinase, is characterized by the progressive loss of cerebellar neurons. We find that DNA damage associated with ATM loss results in dysfunctional behaviour of human microglia, immune cells of the central nervous system. Microglial dysfunction is mediated by the pro-inflammatory RELB/p52 non-canonical NF-κB transcriptional pathway and leads to excessive phagocytic clearance of neuronal material. Activation of the RELB/p52 pathway in ATM-deficient microglia is driven by persistent DNA damage and is dependent on the NIK kinase. Activation of non-canonical NF-κB signalling is also observed in cerebellar microglia of individuals with Ataxia–telangiectasia. These results provide insights into the underlying mechanisms of aberrant microglial behaviour in ATM deficiency, potentially contributing to neurodegeneration in Ataxia–telangiectasia.
Non-autonomous stomatal control by pavement cell turgor via the K+ channel subunit AtKC1
Authors: Nieves-Cordones Manuel , Azeem Farrukh , Long Yuchen , Boeglin Martin , Duby Geoffrey , Mouline Karine , Hosy Eric , Vavasseur Alain , Chérel Isabelle , Simonneau Thierry , Gaymard Frédéric , Leung Jeffrey , Gaillard Isabelle , Thibaud Jean-Baptiste , Véry Anne-Aliénor , Boudaoud Arezki , Sentenac Hervé 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Stomata optimize land plants’ photosynthetic requirements and limit water vapor loss. So far, all of the molecular and electrical components identified as regulating stomatal aperture are produced, and operate, directly within the guard cells. However, a completely autonomous function of guard cells is inconsistent with anatomical and biophysical observations hinting at mechanical contributions of epidermal origins. Here, potassium (K+) assays, membrane potential measurements, microindentation, and plasmolysis experiments provide evidence that disruption of the Arabidopsis thaliana K+ channel subunit gene AtKC1 reduces pavement cell turgor, due to decreased K+ accumulation, without affecting guard cell turgor. This results in an impaired back pressure of pavement cells onto guard cells, leading to larger stomatal apertures. Poorly rectifying membrane conductances to K+ were consistently observed in pavement cells. This plasmalemma property is likely to play an essential role in K+ shuttling within the epidermis. Functional complementation reveals that restoration of the wild-type stomatal functioning requires the expression of the transgenic AtKC1 at least in the pavement cells and trichomes. Altogether, the data suggest that AtKC1 activity contributes to the building of the back pressure that pavement cells exert onto guard cells by tuning K+ distribution throughout the leaf epidermis.
Innovation and appropriation in mycorrhizal and rhizobial Symbioses
Authors: Wang Dapeng , Dong Wentao , Murray Jeremy , Wang Ertao 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Most land plants benefit from endosymbiotic interactions with mycorrhizal fungi, including legumes and some nonlegumes that also interact with endosymbiotic nitrogen (N)-fixing bacteria to form nodules. In addition to these helpful interactions, plants are continuously exposed to would-be pathogenic microbes: discriminating between friends and foes is a major determinant of plant survival. Recent breakthroughs have revealed how some key signals from pathogens and symbionts are distinguished. Once this checkpoint has been passed and a compatible symbiont is recognized, the plant coordinates the sequential development of two types of specialized structures in the host. The first serves to mediate infection, and the second, which appears later, serves as sophisticated intracellular nutrient exchange interfaces. The overlap in both the signaling pathways and downstream infection components of these symbioses reflects their evolutionary relatedness and the common requirements of these two interactions. However, the different outputs of the symbioses, phosphate uptake versus N fixation, require fundamentally different components and physical environments and necessitated the recruitment of different master regulators, NODULE INCEPTION-LIKE PROTEINS, and PHOSPHATE STARVATION RESPONSES, for nodulation and mycorrhization, respectively.
Plant–microbe interactions in the apoplast: Communication at the plant cell wall
Authors: Dora Susanne , Terrett Oliver M , Sánchez-Rodríguez Clara 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The apoplast is a continuous plant compartment that connects cells between tissues and organs and is one of the first sites of interaction between plants and microbes. The plant cell wall occupies most of the apoplast and is composed of polysaccharides and associated proteins and ions. This dynamic part of the cell constitutes an essential physical barrier and a source of nutrients for the microbe. At the same time, the plant cell wall serves important functions in the interkingdom detection, recognition, and response to other organisms. Thus, both plant and microbe modify the plant cell wall and its environment in versatile ways to benefit from the interaction. We discuss here crucial processes occurring at the plant cell wall during the contact and communication between microbe and plant. Finally, we argue that these local and dynamic changes need to be considered to fully understand plant–microbe interactions.
Structure of the Ω baryon and the kaon cloud
Authors: Jun Yu-Son , Kim Hyun-Chul , Kim June-Young , Suh Jung-Min 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We investigate the effects of the kaon cloud on the electromagnetic and axial-vector form factors of the Ω− baryon within the framework of the chiral quark-soliton model. We first derive the profile function of the chiral soliton in such a way that the kaon Yukawa tail is properly produced self-consistently. Then, we compute the electromagnetic form factors of the Ω− baryon. The results for the electromagnetic form factors are compared with the lattice data. We find that the results with the kaon tail are in better agreement with the lattice data than those obtained with the pion tail. We also study the axial-vector form factors of the Ω− baryon, examining the effects of the kaon cloud.
Glycine increased ferroptosis via SAM-mediated GPX4 promoter methylation in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Ling Hanzhi , Li Man , Yang Chenglin , Sun Siyuan , Zhang Wei , Zhao Lin , Xu Nannan , Zhang Jinhao , Shen Yecheng , Zhang Xu , Liu Can , Lu Liangjing , Wang Jianguang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objective
Over-proliferation of synovium is a key event of invasive pannus formation and cartilage damage in the progression of RA disease. At the same time, ferroptosis may play a pivotal role in maintaining the balance of proliferation and death of synovium. In this study, we firstly evaluated the ferroptosis level in RA fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) and then explored the role of glycine in ferroptosis.

Methods
Ferroptosis was evaluated in RA synovium and FLS. The therapeutic effect of glycine on RA was evaluated by clinical and histopathological score and cytokine level in a CIA mouse model. The influence of glycine on ferroptosis was evaluated by mitochondrial morphology observation and membrane potential assay in RA FLS. Methylase expression was detected to explore the mechanism behind the effect of glycine on glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) methylation.

Results
Compared with healthy controls, ferroptosis decreased in the RA synovium and FLS, with a decrease in Acyl Coenzyme A Synthetase Long Chain 4 (ACSL4) and an increase in Ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1), GPX4 and cystine/glutamate antiporter solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11). Although both oxidation and antioxidation levels of lipids were higher in RA FLS than in healthy controls, the increase in antioxidation was slightly higher than oxidation. RNA-seq and verification showed that glycine regulated the ferroptosis pathway through increase S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) concentration and decrease the expression of GPX4 and FTH1 by promoting SAM-mediated GPX4 promoter methylation and reducing FTH1 expression in RA FLS.

Conclusions
In summary, we confirmed a decline in ferroptosis in RA and explored that glycine enhanced ferroptosis via SAM-mediated GPX4 promoter methylation and ferritin decrease.
Gene signature fingerprints stratify SLE patients in groups with similar biological disease profiles: a multicentre longitudinal study
Authors: Wahadat M Javad , Schonenberg-Meinema Dieneke , van Helden-Meeuwsen Cornelia G , van Tilburg Sander J , Groot Noortje , Schatorjé Ellen J H , Hoppenreijs Esther P A H , Hissink Muller Petra C E , Brinkman Danielle M C , Dvorak Denis , Verkaaik Marleen , van den Berg J Merlijn , Bouchalova Kateřina , Kamphuis Sylvia , Versnel Marjan A 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Clinical phenotyping and predicting treatment responses in SLE patients is challenging. Extensive blood transcriptional profiling has identified various gene modules that are promising for stratification of SLE patients. We aimed to translate existing transcriptomic data into simpler gene signatures suitable for daily clinical practice.

Methods
Real-time PCR of multiple genes from the IFN M1.2, IFN M5.12, neutrophil (NPh) and plasma cell (PLC) modules, followed by a principle component analysis, was used to identify indicator genes per gene signature. Gene signatures were measured in longitudinal samples from two childhood-onset SLE cohorts (n = 101 and n = 34, respectively), and associations with clinical features were assessed. Disease activity was measured using Safety of Estrogen in Lupus National Assessment (SELENA)-SLEDAI. Cluster analysis subdivided patients into three mutually exclusive fingerprint-groups termed (1) all-signatures-low, (2) only IFN high (M1.2 and/or M5.12) and (3) high NPh and/or PLC.

Results
All gene signatures were significantly associated with disease activity in cross-sectionally collected samples. The PLC-signature showed the highest association with disease activity. Interestingly, in longitudinally collected samples, the PLC-signature was associated with disease activity and showed a decrease over time. When patients were divided into fingerprints, the highest disease activity was observed in the high NPh and/or PLC group. The lowest disease activity was observed in the all-signatures-low group. The same distribution was reproduced in samples from an independent SLE cohort.

Conclusions
The identified gene signatures were associated with disease activity and were indicated to be suitable tools for stratifying SLE patients into groups with similar activated immune pathways that may guide future treatment choices.
JAK2V617F Mutant Megakaryocytes Contribute to Hematopoietic Aging in a Murine Model of Myeloproliferative Neoplasm
Authors: Lee Sandy , Wong Helen , Castiglione Melissa , Murphy Malea , Kaushansky Kenneth , Zhan Huichun 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Megakaryocytes (MKs) is an important component of the hematopoietic niche. Abnormal MK hyperplasia is a hallmark feature of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). The JAK2V617F mutation is present in hematopoietic cells in a majority of patients with MPNs. Using a murine model of MPN in which the human JAK2V617F gene is expressed in the MK lineage, we show that the JAK2V617F-bearing MKs promote hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) aging, manifesting as myeloid-skewed hematopoiesis with an expansion of CD41+ HSCs, a reduced engraftment and self-renewal capacity, and a reduced differentiation capacity. HSCs from 2-year-old mice with JAK2V617F-bearing MKs were more proliferative and less quiescent than HSCs from age-matched control mice. Examination of the marrow hematopoietic niche reveals that the JAK2V617F-bearing MKs not only have decreased direct interactions with hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells during aging but also suppress the vascular niche function during aging. Unbiased RNA expression profiling reveals that HSC aging has a profound effect on MK transcriptomic profiles, while targeted cytokine array shows that the JAK2V617F-bearing MKs can alter the hematopoietic niche through increased levels of pro-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic factors. Therefore, as a hematopoietic niche cell, MKs represent an important connection between the extrinsic and intrinsic mechanisms for HSC aging.
Unintended Deviations of a Random Event Generator by Patients With Late Life Depression and Anxiety During a Direct Mental Influence Task
Authors: Kadler Grace , Vasudev Akshya , Ionson Emily , Barušs Imants 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The primary objective was to determine whether depression and anxiety influence the outcome of random microevents in a nonrandom manner in the absence of any physical intervention by using a random event generator (REG). The secondary objective was to correlate other dimensions of consciousness with the REG's output. The experimental group (n = 30) included individuals with depression, the control group (n = 15) included individuals without depression, and the comparison group (n = 10) included individuals with or without depression. It was hypothesized that those with depression or anxiety would significantly deviate the REG in the unintended direction but the whole sample did [t(49) = −2.37, p = 0.022, two tailed]. There was no significant difference between the group means [F(2, 50) = 0.12, p = 0.84] and no robust correlations between dimensions of consciousness and REG activity. Further analysis is needed to understand negative emotions in mind-matter interactions.
Curricular and Clinical Innovation Engaging Undergraduate Nursing Students to Build a Resilient Primary Care Workforce
Authors: Nichols Lynn Stover , Pollio E. Whitney , Patton Emily , Johnson Cori , Shirey Maria R. 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Primary care health settings provide access to services for underserved populations, yet baccalaureate (BSN)-prepared nurses are currently underutilized on the primary care health care team.

Problem:
BSN curricula often focus on acute care settings for clinical experiences, and students may not be aware of the scope and impact the RN has in a primary care setting. This gap in experiences may lead to overlooking primary care employment opportunities.

Purpose:
The purpose of this article is to describe the development, implementation, and evaluation of an innovative course that builds the primary care nurse workforce capacity.

Approach:
An undergraduate elective course focusing on primary care didactic and clinical experiences was created.

Outcomes:
Qualitative student feedback regarding the course was positive, while quantitative data revealed an above-average course outcome rating.

Conclusions:
An effective intervention to increase workforce capacity in primary care settings is to immerse students in primary care concepts and experiences in a formal, combined didactic and clinical course.
Relationships Among Resilience, Stress, and Persistence in Prenursing Students During COVID-19
Authors: Urban Regina W. , Jennings Leslie A. , Cipher Daisha J. 
Published: February 2022

Background:
The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has created personal, financial, and academic challenges for prenursing students, which may hinder academic persistence. Understanding and supporting their well-being is important, as they prepare to apply to nursing programs.

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to explore relationships among stress, resilience, and academic persistence in prenursing students intending to apply to either an on-campus or accelerated online nursing program.

Methods:
A cross-sectional descriptive correlational research design was used. Online survey data (N = 364) were collected during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results:
Campus-based prenursing students reported higher levels of stress and lower levels of resilience than their accelerated online counterparts. A significant negative relationship was noted between stress and scores on resilience and persistence measures in both groups.

Conclusions:
Program-specific interventions promoting resilience and stress management techniques are needed to support prenursing student persistence, especially as they prepare for admission to nursing programs.
Benefits of Reporting and Analyzing Nursing Students' Near-Miss Medication Incidents
Authors: Dennison Susan , Freeman Michelle , Giannotti Natalie , Ravi Padma 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Developing competencies in reporting medication errors and near-miss incidents is a critical component of nursing student education. The benefits of reporting near-miss incidents by nursing students are unknown.

Purpose:
The aim was to analyze nursing students' near-miss incident reports for types of incidents and their contributing factors, assess the effectiveness of current procedures in catching these errors, and offer guidance on curricular improvements for medication administration content.

Method:
This quality improvement project analyzed 3 years of near-miss incidents (N = 236) submitted through the school's incident reporting system.

Results:
Five incident types accounted for 81.4% of incidents. Factors contributing to most incidents were communication (47.9%), competency and education (44.1%), environmental/human limitations (35.2%), and policies/procedures (29.2%).

Conclusion:
Safety experts emphasize that near-miss reports offer free lessons to prevent future errors. Nursing students' near-miss reporting is beneficial for both students and nursing programs.
Nursing Students' Dissatisfaction With Course Organization and Student Engagement in Remote Learning 1 Year Post-COVID-19 Restrictions
Authors: Bowser Amy S. , Kazakoff Megan A. , Scott Paul W. , Dunbar-Jacob Jacqueline 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Undergraduate and doctoral nursing students enrolled in face-to-face (F2F) learning transitioned abruptly to remote learning in March 2020. Few studies have focused on these nursing students' satisfaction with remote learning a year after the unplanned transition.

Purpose:
Undergraduate and doctoral students' satisfaction with remote and F2F learning regarding course organization and student engagement were examined.

Methods:
A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 522 nursing students at a research intensive university in the eastern United States. Survey data were analyzed with an analysis of variance to compare students' remote and F2F learning satisfaction within the undergraduate and doctoral programs.

Results:
Results indicated that nursing students who enrolled in F2F learning preferred F2F to remote learning (P < .001). Differences in satisfaction existed among programs (P = .035) and among undergraduate class levels (P < .001).

Conclusion:
It is essential to learn why nursing students were dissatisfied with remote learning to improve these types of learning experiences in the future.