bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insect Control in Celery, 1983
Authors: Grafius E. , Morrow E. , Otto M. E. , Russell J. C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Celery was transplanted 26 May at the M.S.U. Muck Crops Experimental Farm, Bath, Mich. The plots were three rows wide by 22 ft long. Each plot was bordered on one side by a 3-row bed of lettuce. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications per treatment. Treatments were applied with a tractor mounted boom sprayer at 30 gal/acre. Pydrin and Ambush were applied at weekly and bimonthly intervals to test the long-term effectiveness of the materials. Three applications of Vydate were made for early season carrot weevil control. Other treatments were applied weekly. Treatment dates were: Ambush: bimonthly 8 and 21 July, 4 and 18 Aug.; Pydrin: bimonthly 14 and 28 July, 18 Aug.; Vydate: 2-3 weeks apart 8, 21, and 28 July; Ambush, Pounce, Pydrin, Nudrin, Diazinon 8, 14, 21, and 28 July, 4 and 18 Aug.; Sweep samples were taken weekly from the middle row of each plot and in the lettuce borders.
Pesticidal Impact on Leafminers and Parasites in Celery, 1982
Authors: Trumble John T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Tall Utah 52-70 R’ celery was transplanted 5 Aug. at the Univ. of California South Coast Field Stn. in Santa Ana, Calif. The crop was sprinkle irrigated for 3 weeks and drip irrigated thereafter. Experimental plots were three beds wide (40-in centers) by 50 ft long with one untreated buffer row between plots. Each bed contained two rows of plants 6 to 8 in apart. Treatments were replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. Insecticides were applied weekly with a tractor mounted boom sprayer from 19 Aug. to 28 Oct. As plant height increased, nozzles varied from 1 to 3 per row and carrier (H2O) increased from 50 to 100 gal/acre. Hollow cone nozzles incorporated D3 orifice disks, #25 cores and 50-mesh screens. All treatments except MK-936 contained 0.04% spreader-sticker (Leaf Act 40). Beet armyworm damage was based on number of damaged plants found in 50 randomly selected plants per replicate from the center bed at harvest. Leafminer pupae were collected weekly from four pupal trays (4 by 8 in) per replicate and inserted between rows. Number of dead parasites were also counted. At harvest the number of mined leaves per plant for 4 plants per replicate was recorded as an index of leafminer activity.
Residues of Lorsban (Chlorpyrifos and Its Trichloro-2-Pyridinol Metabolite) in Collards When Applied for Control of Root Maggot, 1981
Authors: George D. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Lorsban 4E formulation was applied to collards at the rates of 1.6 and 3.2 fl oz (AD/1000 ft row at the Yakima research station and the Beltsville research station. At Yakima, the formulation was sprayed over the row at planting time, in front of the plant shoe, for shallow incorporation into the soil on 20 May 1981, and again as a direct spray at the base of the plants on 8 July. At Beltsville, the formulation was applied as a drench to each plant one day after the plants had been transplantd ln(x+l) for % leaf area mined andcations of each treatment. The laboratory procedure used for sampling, extraction, and cleanup of extract is available on request.
Control of Early-Season Insects in Sweet Corn with Granular Insecticides, 1983
Authors: Coulon Dwayne , Lawrence Gary 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two unregistered granular insecticides were evaluated at two rates and application methods by comparison to a proven standard (Furadan) and nontreated corn. Corn was planted 6 May using an International 296 planter equipped with an electrically driven Gandy applicator. Soil type was a commerce silt loam (33% sand/52% silt/15% clay) with pH of 5.6 and C.E.C. of 9.3. Each treatment consisted of two 80-ft rows spaced 48 in apart. Replicates on the same row were separated by 10-ft alleys. Treatments were evaluated 25 May (19 days postplant) by counting the number of live seedlings per 40 ft on each row. Only the center 40 ft of each plot was evaluated. Each treatment was replicated three times in a completely randomized block design. Root-damage ratings were also made 40 days postplant, but no differences were noted in a statistical analysis.
Whorl Applications to Control Fall Armyworm in Sweet Corn, 1983
Authors: Ghidiu Gerald M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Silver Queen’ sweet corn was planted 14 July in a Sassafras sandy loam field. Plots were 4 rows wide on 30-in centers and 25 ft long. Treatments were replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. Granular whorl treatments were applied with a hand shaker in a 7-in band over the whorl; whorl sprays were applied with a self-propelled, high-clearance sprayer with one nozzle centered over each of the middle two rows calibrated to deliver 55 gal/acre at 200 lb/in2. Treatments were applied on 19, 25, and 31 Aug. Plant whorls were rated for fall armyworm damage on 2 Sept. as follows: 0, no damage; 1, slight damage, 10% whorl feeding; 2, moderate damage, 10 to 25% whorl feeding; 3, heavy damage, 25 to 50% whorl feeding, 4, severe damage, 50 to 75% whorl feeding, tassel damaged; and 5, whorl destroyed. Twenty plant whorls were removed from the plants, unrolled, and all live fall armyworm larvae were counted.
European Corn Borer Control in Sweet Corn, 1983
Authors: Grafius E. , Morrow E. , Pax R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Sweet corn was planted at the M.S.U. entomology field research farm on campus on 13 June. Plots were four rows wide by 50 ft long. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications per treatment. Treatments were applied with a tractor-mounted boom sprayer at 30 gal/acre. The first treatment application coincided with the beginning of tassel formation in the whorl when the plants were about 18 in. tall. (Some plants showed beginning of green silk.) European corn borer egg masses were sampled on 5 plants approximately weekly, and treatments were applied at 4-day to weekly intervals, depending on number of egg masses. Treatment dates were 27 July, 5, 9, 12, 16, and 24 Aug. Damage ratings were taken at harvest on 26 Aug. Twenty ears per plot, from the middle two rows, were inspected for larvae and damage.
Budworm Control on Sweet Corn, Fall, 1982
Authors: Leibee Gary L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Bonanza’ sweet corn was planted 2 Sept. in Myakka fine sand on the Univ. of Florida Agric. Res. and Educ. Cent, in Sanford. Nemacur 15G 2 lb (AI)/ acre was incorporated at planting time in a 15-in band for nematode control. A plot consisted of one 50-ft row with 12-in plant spacing. Plots were separated by 60 in (two row spacings). Treatments were replicated in four randomized complete blocks separated by 10-ft weed-free alleys. Sprays were applied with a CO2 pressurized sprayer mounted on an Allis-Chalmers model G tractor. Three nozzles were used per row; one overhead (TX 24) and one drop (TX 12) on each side. The delivery rate was 50 gal/acre with a boom pressure of about 40 lb/in2 and a speed of 3 mph. Baits were broadcasted over-the-top in premeasured amounts with a shaker-can. Sprays were applied 17 and 28 Sept. and 6 Oct. Baits were applied 20 and 27 Sept. and 6 Oct. Twenty plants per plot were rated for damage on 27 Sept. and 5 and 12 Oct. as follows: 0, no damage; 1, etching only (evidence of foliar feeding by newly hatched larvae); 2, light bud damage; 3, severe bud damage; and 4, bud completely destroyed. Damage ratings were taken when the plants were 12 to 18 in tall; the stage considered most susceptible to bud destruction by fall armyworm.
Colorado Potato Beetle Deterrency by Piperonyl Butoxide on Eggplant, 1983
Authors: Silcox Charles A. , Ghidiu Gerald M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Eggplant seedlings (cv. Florida Market) were transplanted to a Sassafras sandy loam field on 26 May 1983. Treatments were replicated four times in a randomized complete block design and sprays were applied with a high clearance sprayer (with a drop nozzel on each side, and one centered over the row) calibrated to deliver 81 gal/acre at 200 lb/in2 Four-row plots were used and each row was 10 ft long by 5 ft wide and contained six plants spaced at 2-ft intervals. The 1st and 3rd rows in each plot were guard rows and were not sprayed. The 2nd and 4th rows were sprayed and these plants were used for CPB defoliation ratings, larval counts, and yields. Defoliation was rated on a 0 to 10 scale, where 0, no and 10, 100% defoliation. Plots were treated 10, 15, 16, and 30 June, 6 and 28 July, and 10 Aug.
Residues of Lorsban (Chlorpyrifos and Its Trichloro-2-Pyridinol Metabolite) in Kale When Applied for Control of Root Maggot, 1981
Authors: George D. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Lorsban 4E formulation was applied to kale plots at the rate of 1.6 and 3.2 fl oz (AI)/l,000 ft row at the Yakima research station. The formulation was sprayed over the row at planting time, in front of the plant shoe, for shallow incorporation into the soil on 20 May, and again as a directed spray at the base of the plants on 17 June. There were four replications of each treatment. The laboratory procedure used for sampling, extraction, and cleanup of extract is available on request.
Onion Maggot Control in Onions, 1983
Authors: Grafius E. , Warner F. , Mitchel M. , Morrow E. , May A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Onions were planted with a veebelt seeder in 18 in rows at three locations. Plots were: 10 ft of double row x four replications at Grant, (1-in planter shoe, planted 6 May); 19 ft of single row x five replications at the M.S.U. Muck Crops Experimental Farm (1-in shoe, planted 13 May); and 10 ft of double row x six replications at Hudsonville (2-in shoe, planted 5 May). Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design and applied in the furrow at planting (granular materials) or in a 2- to 3-in band over the row (soil drenches). Soil drenches were applied at 50 gal/acre with a hand sprayer with the initial application date corresponding to the first appearance of onion maggot eggs. Pydrin 2.4EC (0.1 lb. (AI)/acre) was applied to all plots twice during Aug. for thrips control. After plant emergence, but before onion maggot oviposition, 100-plant sections of row were marked out in each plot. Counts of onion maggot damaged plants within those 100-plant sections were made weekly through the end of the first generation damage (5 July). Stand counts within the 100-plant section were taken on 20 to 21 June and 5 July. Yields were taken from 5 ft of double row per plot at Grant and Hudsonville and 10 ft of single row at the M.S.U. Muck Farm on 29 Sept. and 1 Sept., and 4 Oct., respectively.
Onion Maggot Control, 1983
Authors: Robbins P. S. , Hessney M. L. , Eckenrode C. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The plot was planted 18 May in muck soil near Potter, NY, on the Sacheli Farm. Plots were single rows, 30 ft long, replicated four times in a randomized block design. Germination, damage, and yield data were recorded from the center 20 ft of each row. All seeds were sown and seed-furrow treatments applied with a hand-pushed cone seeder planting 9 seeds/ft and delivering 75 gal/acre through a gravity fed system. The drench applications, timed for the peak of fly activity, were made on 1 and 6 June, using a CO2-powered sprayer mounted on a cone seeder that delivered 75 gal/acre to the bases of the plants through a single TeeJet nozzle. Dithane M-45 (80 WP) was applied in the furrow with each treatment except those already having a fungicide at 2.4 lb (AI)/acre for control of onion smut. Stand counts were taken 10 June. Maggot damage was assessed by checking each row for wilted plants ca twice/week from the time of stand counts until harvest on 21 Sept.
Control of Pepper Weevil on Pepper, 1983
Authors: Schuster David J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Transplants were set 15 Mar., 12 in apart on 2.5-ft-wide by 8-in-high beds of Myakka fine sand covered with black polyethylene mulch. Plots consisted of 13 plants and treatments were replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied 19, 26, 28 Apr., 3, 10, 17, 24, 31 May, 1 and 7 June with a 2.5 gal, handheld CO2 powered sprayer which was operated at 40 lb/in2 and delivered 40 to 80 gal/acre (gallonage increased as the plants grew). Plots were harvested on 16, 27 May, and 14 June. In addition to fruit of marketable size on the plants, all fruit that had dropped from the plants and trapped in 1-in high barriers surrounding each plot were collected. On the last harvest all fruit larger than 1.5 in in diam were also harvested. Each fruit was examined for pepper weevil feeding/oviposition scars on the outer surface, internal feeding damage and pepper weevil larvae, pupae and adults. The percentages of damaged and undamaged fruit were calculated and transformed arc sine (%) (0.01) before analysis. Data are presented in the original scale.
European Corn Borer Control in Hot Peppers, 1982
Authors: Graustein Mark , Whitehead Joanne 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Separate blocks of hot cherry and banana peppers were transplanted into two-row plots 20 ft long on 42 in centers on 28 May, near Georgetown, De. Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design and replicated four times for each pepper variety. Orthene treatments were applied on a 10-day schedule at the 1 lb (All/acre rate then on a 7-day schedule at the 0.5 lb (AI)/acre rate. All other treatments were applied on a 7-day schedule beginning 13 July and ending 29 Sept. for a total of 12 applications. All sprays at a rate equivalent to 41 gal/acre using a wheelbarrow design CO2 pressurized sprayer with a drop nozzle system (3 nozzles/row), at 40 lb./in2 . One Orthene treatment was applied as a drench at a rate equivalent to 300 gal/acre then treated on a 7-day schedule at a rate of 0.5 lb (AI)/acre. Peppers were harvested on 16 Aug., 10 Sep., and 4 Oct. and 50 fruit per plot were evaluated for European corn borer infestations.
Control of Colorado Potato Beetle on Irish Potatoes, 1983
Authors: Bowman James S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This study was located on the Robert Wiggin Farm, Stratham, New Hampshire. ‘Katahdin’ Irish potato seed pieces were planted in rows 3 ft apart on 10 Jun. Each plot consisted of two 47-ft rows and each treatment replicated four times in a randomized block design. Spray applications of the three rates of CME 13406 were made on 30 Jun. as soon as adults began laying eggs and again on 8 Jul. All treatments received sprays on 18, 28 Jul., 8 and 19 Aug. Applications were made with a B&G CO2pressurized sprayer at a rate of 36 gal/acre (40 lb/in2 ) using a 5-ft handheld boom with four nozzles which covered two rows at a time. Evaluations of the CME 13406 treatments were made on 18 Jul. by counting the live larvae in each plot (94-ft-row) that were visible from above without disturbing the foliage. All treatments were evaluated on 29 Jul. for both larvae adults per plot. Excessive rainfall during the month of May delayed planting. This was followed by dry weather which resulted in poor plant growth and slow development of a Colorado potato beetle population. No attempt was made to obtain yield data.
Synthetic Pyrethroid Insecticide Efficacy Trial, 1982
Authors: Dripps James E. , Smilowitz Zane , Yocum John O. , Wallace Jean 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Certified, Class B ‘Norchip’ seed potatoes were planted 6 May with a 9-in spacing between plants. A randomized complete block design with four replications was used. Plots consisted of four 20-ft rows planted 34 in apart. Temik 15G (1.0 lb (AI)/acre) was applied in-furrow at planting for all treatments and the control. A 3.0 lb (AI)/acre Temik treatment was also included. Starting 8 Jun., Dithane M-45 was applied at 1.5 lb (AI)/acre on a 5 to 7 day schedule for potato late blight control. The foliar insecticides were applied 6 and 27 Jul., with a Myers air blast sprayer in 50 gal. of water per acre at 200 lb/in2. Forty stems per plot were sampled each week for all stages of Colorado potato beetle (CPB) beginning 25 Jun. A subjective damage estimate was also assessed. Two rows per plot were harvested 30 Aug. and graded by size. Rainfall totalled 8.36 in for June, 2.74 in for Jul. and 1.10 in for Aug. Average maximum and minimum daily temperatures (°F) were 78.2 and 56.7 for Jun., 86.0 and 62.3 for Jul., and 82.5 and 56.2 for Aug.
Foliar Sprays for Control of Aphids on Potatoes, 1983
Authors: Powell Donnie 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Russet Burbank’ potatoes were plantd on 13 Apr., in Ritzville silt loam soil (Mesic Calciorthidic Haploxerolls) pH 6.2 and organic matter 1.6% at Yakima, Wash. The insecticides were applied with a two-row, four nozzle (TeeJet AI 80015) portable boom CO2-powered sprayer at 50 lb/in2 in 50 gal of water per acre on 9 June. Each plot was two rows (34-in. row spacing) wide and 19 ft long. Each treatment was replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. The potato crop was sprinkler irrigated with 0.75 acre-inch applied at 5- to 7-day intervals, except the plots were irrigated on 8 June before treatment then on 16 June after the aphid counts. Twenty compound potato leaves were collected from the lower two-thirds of the plants on 10, 13, 16, and 24 June. The number of green peach aphids on the leaves were counted. The data were analyzed as a split-plot in time over the four counting dates.
Colorado Potato Beetle Control with Foliar Insecticidal Spray, 1983
Authors: Sandvol Larry , Baird Craig , Bishop Guy W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Potatoes were planted 3 May, in Declo silt loam soil. The experiment consisted of treatments with four replications arranged in randomized complete block design. Individual plots were four rows (12 ft) wide and 36 ft long. Treatments were applied 6 Jul., using a CO2 pressurized hand-held sprayer at 40 lb/in2 to apply 20 gal acre. Beetles were allowed to invade and multiply naturally. Pre-recording the total number of beetles in 40 ft of row.
Foliar Treatments for Colorado Potato Beetle Control, 1982
Authors: Sorensen K. A. , Johnson E. M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Superior’ potatoes were planted on 11 Mar. near Benson, N.C. Plots were replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. Each plot consisted of a single row 10 ft long on 40-inch centers. Treatments were applied using a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer with a single hollow cone nozzle delivering 100 gal/acre at 40 lb/in2 . Each treatment was applied two times, on 13 May at 50% egg hatch and 7 days later on 20 May. Percent defoliation was determined on 1 Jun. Potatoes were harvested on 23 Jun., graded, and weighed.
Insect Control in Tomatoes, 1983
Authors: Grafius E. , May A. W. , Otto M. E. , Pax R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tomatoes were transplanted in 5-ft rows on 24 May, at the M.S.O. Hortic. Exp. St., Sodus, Mich. (Berrien Co.). Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications (= blocks). Each plot was 3-rows wide (15 ft) and 25 ft long. Treatments were applied on 23 Jun., 7, 14, 21, 28 July, and 2, 11, 18 Aug. with a tractor-mounted boom sprayer at 30 gal/acre. Tomatoes were harvested on Aug 25. Efficacy was determined by examining two plants from the center of each plot. Entire plants were examined for potato beetles and two leaves (one upper and one lower) per plant for aphids. Tomatoes were harvested from 10 plants in the center of each plot and weights of ripe, green, insect-damaged, and diseased tomatoes were recorded.
Apple, Aphid Control, 1982
Authors: Forsythe H.Y. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Test chemicals were applied on 27 July to 5-year-old apple trees at Monmouth, Maine, as dilute sprays, using a hand gun and a hydraulic sprayer operating at 100 lbs/in2 and at 400 gal/acre. There were two single-tree replications in randomized complete block design. Prior to treament, 10 succulent terminal shoots (five with high aphid counts and five with low counts) were tagged around the periphery of each tree at a height of 1 to 2 m. Evaluation was based on a count of all live aphids found on the distal four unfurled leaves and one furled leaf and on the stem included by these leaves, on each tagged terminal shoot.
Control of the Tomato Fruitworm on Tomato in West-Central Florida, 1983
Authors: Schuster David J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Transplants were set 2 Mar., 18 inches apart on 2.5-ft-wide by 8-inch-high beds of Myakka fine sand covered with black polyethylene mulch. Plots consisted of 10 staked plants and were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete blocks design. Treatments were applied 14 and 21 June, with a 2.5 gal, handheld CO2 powered sprayer which was operated at 40 lb/in2 and delivered 185 and 145 gal/acre for the first and second sprays, respectively. On 14 (after spraying), 15, 21 (before and after spraying), 22, 24, and 28 June, five fully expanded leaflets were excised from each plot and placed on water-moistened filter paper on the bottoms of 2-inch diameter plastic cups. One to five (depending upon availability) tomato fruitworm larvae that had been fed 2 days on excised tomato foliage, were placed in each cup and the cups were sealed. The cups and larvae were placed in a room at ca. 80F and a 14-h photoperiod for 2 days at which time the numbers of apparently healthy, moribund and dead larvae were counted. Percent mortality (dead plus moribund) was calculatd for each posttreatment bioassay and corrected for natural mortality according to Abbott’s formula. Percentage data were transformed arc sine (%)/( 0.01) prior to analyses but data are presented in the original scale.
Foliar Sprays for Colorado Potato Beetle Control, 1983
Authors: Sherrod D. W. , Francis J. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Norchip’ Irish potatoes were planted with 10-inch plant spacing in 36-inch rows on 14 Apr. Each plot consisted of a single, 25-ft-long row bordered on each side by an untreated row. The treatments were replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. The sprays were applied with a propane compressed air backpack sprayer using three hollow cone nozzles per row and delivering 50 gal water per acre at 40 lb/in2. Applications were made on 2, 7, 15, 23, and 29 June. Evaluation criteria consisted of direct counts of the number of Colorado potato beetle larvae per 10 plants and late season foliage injury ratings. Foliage injury ratings were on a scale of 0 to 5 as follows: 0, no damage; 1, slight feeding, less than 5% defoliation; 2, visible feeding with 5 to 10% defoliation; 3, moderage damage, 10 to 25% defoliations; 4, heavy damage, 25 to 50% defoliation; 5, severe damage, greater than 50% defoliation.
Tomato Fruitworm Control, 1982
Authors: Sorensen K. A. , Johnson E. M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Pik Red’ tomatoes were planted on 27 July near Benson, N.C. Treatment plots were replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. Each plot consisted of single rows 10 ft long on 5-ft centers. Standak 2.67F was applied in 0.5 pt of transplant water per plant as a preplant treatment. The soil type was a sandy loam composed of 0.6% organic matter with a pH of 6.0. Soil temperature was 30°C and soil moisture was adequate. Foliar treatments were applied using a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer with a single hollow cone nozzle delivering 100 gal/acre at 40 lb/in2 . Dates of foliar applications were 25 Aug., and 1, 8, 15, 22, and 26 Sept. Bravo 500 and Maneb 80W were utilized for disease control. Ripe fruits were harvested and percent tomato fruitworm (TFW) infested fruit determined on 14 and 28 Sept., and 6 Oct.