bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MicroRNA-206 down-regulated human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells alleviate cognitive decline in D-galactose-induced aging mice
Authors: Zhang Yuying , Deng Weiyue , Wang Wei , Song Aishi , Mukama Omar , Deng Sihao , Han Xiaobo , De Dieu Habimana Jean , Peng Kexin , Ni Bin , Zhang Shusheng , Huang Jufang , Yan Xiao-xin , Li Zhiyuan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Non-pathological cognitive decline is a neurodegenerative condition associated with brain aging owing to epigenetic changes, telomere shortening, stem cells exhaustion, or altered differentiation. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) have shown excellent therapeutic prospects on the hallmarks of aging. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the role of hUCMSCs with down-regulated miRNA-206 (hUCMSCs anti-miR-206) on cognitive decline and the underlying mechanism.

Methods
After daily subcutaneous injection of D-gal (500 mg/kg/d) for 8 weeks, 17-week-old male C57BL/6 J mice were stem cells transplanted by lateral ventricular localization injection. During the 10-day rest period, were tested the behavioral experiments applied to cognitive behavior in the hippocampus. And then, the mice were sacrificed for sampling to complete the molecular and morphological experiments.

Results
Our behavioral experiments of open field test (OFT), new object recognition test (NOR), and Y-maze revealed that D-galactose (D-gal)-induced aging mice treated with hUCMSCs anti-miR-206 had no obvious spontaneous activity disorder and had recovery in learning and spatial memory ability compared with the PBS-treated group. The hUCMSCs anti-miR-206 reconstituted neuronal physiological function in the hippocampal regions of the aging mice with an increase of Nissl bodies and the overexpression of Egr-1, BDNF, and PSD-95.

Conclusion
This study first reports that hUCMSCs anti-miR-206 could provide a novel stem cell-based antiaging therapeutic approach.
3D and 2D aromatic units behave like oil and water in the case of benzocarborane derivatives
Authors: Poater Jordi , Viñas Clara , Solà Miquel , Teixidor Francesc 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA large number of 2D/2D and 3D/3D aromatic fusions that keep their aromaticity in the fused compounds have been synthesized. In addition, we have previously proven the electronic relationship between the 3D aromaticity of boron hydrides and the 2D aromaticity of PAHs. Here we report the possible existence of 3D/2D aromatic fusions that retain the whole aromaticity of the two units. Our conclusion is that such a 3D/2D aromatic combination is not possible due to the ineffective overlap between the π-MOs of the planar species and the n + 1 molecular orbitals in the aromatic cage that deter an effective electronic delocalization between the two fused units. We have also proven the necessary conditions for 3D/3D fusions to take place, and how aromaticity of each unit is decreased in 2D/2D and 3D/3D fusions.
Structures of the T cell potassium channel Kv1.3 with immunoglobulin modulators
Authors: Selvakumar Purushotham , Fernández-Mariño Ana I. , Khanra Nandish , He Changhao , Paquette Alice J. , Wang Bing , Huang Ruiqi , Smider Vaughn V. , Rice William J. , Swartz Kenton J. , Meyerson Joel R. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe Kv1.3 potassium channel is expressed abundantly on activated T cells and mediates the cellular immune response. This role has made the channel a target for therapeutic immunomodulation to block its activity and suppress T cell activation. Here, we report structures of human Kv1.3 alone, with a nanobody inhibitor, and with an antibody-toxin fusion blocker. Rather than block the channel directly, four copies of the nanobody bind the tetramer’s voltage sensing domains and the pore domain to induce an inactive pore conformation. In contrast, the antibody-toxin fusion docks its toxin domain at the extracellular mouth of the channel to insert a critical lysine into the pore. The lysine stabilizes an active conformation of the pore yet blocks ion permeation. This study visualizes Kv1.3 pore dynamics, defines two distinct mechanisms to suppress Kv1.3 channel activity with exogenous inhibitors, and provides a framework to aid development of emerging T cell immunotherapies.
Ultralow-voltage operation of light-emitting diodes
Authors: Lian Yaxiao , Lan Dongchen , Xing Shiyu , Guo Bingbing , Ren Zhixiang , Lai Runchen , Zou Chen , Zhao Baodan , Friend Richard H. , Di Dawei 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFor a light-emitting diode (LED) to generate light, the minimum voltage required is widely considered to be the emitter’s bandgap divided by the elementary charge. Here we show for many classes of LEDs, including those based on perovskite, organic, quantum-dot and III–V semiconductors, light emission can be observed at record-low voltages of 36–60% of their bandgaps, exhibiting a large apparent energy gain of 0.6–1.4 eV per photon. For 17 types of LEDs with different modes of charge injection and recombination (dark saturation currents of ~10−39–10−15 mA cm−2), their emission intensity-voltage curves under low voltages show similar behaviours. These observations and their consistency with the diode simulations suggest the ultralow-voltage electroluminescence arises from a universal origin—the radiative recombination of non-thermal-equilibrium band-edge carriers whose populations are determined by the Fermi-Dirac function perturbed by a small external bias. These results indicate the potential of low-voltage LEDs for communications, computational and energy applications.
Self-evolving vision transformer for chest X-ray diagnosis through knowledge distillation
Authors: Park Sangjoon , Kim Gwanghyun , Oh Yujin , Seo Joon Beom , Lee Sang Min , Kim Jin Hwan , Moon Sungjun , Lim Jae-Kwang , Park Chang Min , Ye Jong Chul 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAlthough deep learning-based computer-aided diagnosis systems have recently achieved expert-level performance, developing a robust model requires large, high-quality data with annotations that are expensive to obtain. This situation poses a conundrum that annually-collected chest x-rays cannot be utilized due to the absence of labels, especially in deprived areas. In this study, we present a framework named distillation for self-supervision and self-train learning (DISTL) inspired by the learning process of the radiologists, which can improve the performance of vision transformer simultaneously with self-supervision and self-training through knowledge distillation. In external validation from three hospitals for diagnosis of tuberculosis, pneumothorax, and COVID-19, DISTL offers gradually improved performance as the amount of unlabeled data increase, even better than the fully supervised model with the same amount of labeled data. We additionally show that the model obtained with DISTL is robust to various real-world nuisances, offering better applicability in clinical setting.
Dispersal and fire limit Arctic shrub expansion
Authors: Liu Yanlan , Riley William J. , Keenan Trevor F. , Mekonnen Zelalem A. , Holm Jennifer A. , Zhu Qing , Torn Margaret S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractArctic shrub expansion alters carbon budgets, albedo, and warming rates in high latitudes but remains challenging to predict due to unclear underlying controls. Observational studies and models typically use relationships between observed shrub presence and current environmental suitability (bioclimate and topography) to predict shrub expansion, while omitting shrub demographic processes and non-stationary response to changing climate. Here, we use high-resolution satellite imagery across Alaska and western Canada to show that observed shrub expansion has not been controlled by environmental suitability during 1984–2014, but can only be explained by considering seed dispersal and fire. These findings provide the impetus for better observations of recruitment and for incorporating currently underrepresented processes of seed dispersal and fire in land models to project shrub expansion and climate feedbacks. Integrating these dynamic processes with projected fire extent and climate, we estimate shrubs will expand into 25% of the non-shrub tundra by 2100, in contrast to 39% predicted based on increasing environmental suitability alone. Thus, using environmental suitability alone likely overestimates and misrepresents shrub expansion pattern and its associated carbon sink.
Efficiently searching extreme mechanical properties via boundless objective-free exploration and minimal first-principles calculations
Authors: Ojih Joshua , Al-Fahdi Mohammed , Rodriguez Alejandro David , Choudhary Kamal , Hu Ming 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDespite the machine learning (ML) methods have been largely used recently, the predicted materials properties usually cannot exceed the range of original training data. We deployed a boundless objective-free exploration approach to combine traditional ML and density functional theory (DFT) in searching extreme material properties. This combination not only improves the efficiency for screening large-scale materials with minimal DFT inquiry, but also yields properties beyond original training range. We use Stein novelty to recommend outliers and then verify using DFT. Validated data are then added into the training dataset for next round iteration. We test the loop of training-recommendation-validation in mechanical property space. By screening 85,707 crystal structures, we identify 21 ultrahigh hardness structures and 11 negative Poisson’s ratio structures. The algorithm is very promising for future materials discovery that can push materials properties to the limit with minimal DFT calculations on only ~1% of the structures in the screening pool.
Enhanced self-renewal of human pluripotent stem cells by simulated microgravity
Authors: Timilsina S. , Kirsch-Mangu T. , Werth S. , Shepard B. , Ma T. , Villa-Diaz L. G. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA systematic study on the biological effects of simulated microgravity (sµg) on human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) is still lacking. Here, we used a fast-rotating 2-D clinostat to investigate the sµg effect on proliferation, self-renewal, and cell cycle regulation of hPSCs. We observed significant upregulation of protein translation of pluripotent transcription factors in hPSC cultured in sµg compared to cells cultured in 1g conditions. In addition to a significant increase in expression of telomere elongation genes. Differentiation experiments showed that hPSC cultured in sµg condition were less susceptible to differentiation compared to cells in 1g conditions. These results suggest that sµg enhances hPSC self-renewal. Our study revealed that sµg enhanced the cell proliferation of hPSCs by regulating the expression of cell cycle-associated kinases. RNA-seq analysis indicated that in sµg condition the expression of differentiation and development pathways are downregulated, while multiple components of the ubiquitin proteasome system are upregulated, contributing to an enhanced self-renewal of hPSCs. These effects of sµg were not replicated in human fibroblasts. Taken together, our results highlight pathways and mechanisms in hPSCs vulnerable to microgravity that imposes significant impacts on human health and performance, physiology, and cellular and molecular processes.
Adaptive coding for DNA storage with high storage density and low coverage
Authors: Cao Ben , Zhang Xiaokang , Cui Shuang , Zhang Qiang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe rapid development of information technology has generated substantial data, which urgently requires new storage media and storage methods. DNA, as a storage medium with high density, high durability, and ultra-long storage time characteristics, is promising as a potential solution. However, DNA storage is still in its infancy and suffers from low space utilization of DNA strands, high read coverage, and poor coding coupling. Therefore, in this work, an adaptive coding DNA storage system is proposed to use different coding schemes for different coding region locations, and the method of adaptively generating coding constraint thresholds is used to optimize at the system level to ensure the efficient operation of each link. Images, videos, and PDF files of size 698 KB were stored in DNA using adaptive coding algorithms. The data were sequenced and losslessly decoded into raw data. Compared with previous work, the DNA storage system implemented by adaptive coding proposed in this paper has high storage density and low read coverage, which promotes the development of carbon-based storage systems.
Drinking water consumption and association between actual and perceived risks of endocrine disrupting compounds
Authors: Wee Sze Yee , Aris Ahmad Zaharin , Yusoff Fatimah Md. , Praveena Sarva Mangala , Harun Rosta 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDrinking water contains emerging contaminants, i.e., endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs). However, the extent to which it is publicly viewed as a potential risk that requires attention (public awareness, political obligation, and regulatory efforts) is substantially underrated. Thus, this study investigated drinking water consumption patterns among consumers of different life stages, evaluated household practices using tap water as daily drinking water, and examined the actual risk as well as consumers’ perception of tap water quality for drinking with the potential EDCs contamination. Collectively, the present study is of great concern for regional database profiling and supporting human health risk assessment in regulating contamination and exposure of EDCs. It also provides an empirical and theoretical contribution to current public risk perception of EDCs in tap water, and promoted the formulation of risk communication and governance strategies for the development of risk behaviors in adopting public participation in the drinking water supply system monitoring and management framework.
Z-DNA is remodelled by ZBTB43 in prospermatogonia to safeguard the germline genome and epigenome
Authors: Meng Yingying , Wang Guliang , He Hongjuan , Lau Kin H. , Hurt Allison , Bixler Brianna J. , Parham Andrea , Jin Seung-Gi , Xu Xingzhi , Vasquez Karen M. , Pfeifer Gerd P. , Szabó Piroska E. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMutagenic purine–pyrimidine repeats can adopt the left-handed Z-DNA conformation. DNA breaks at potential Z-DNA sites can lead to somatic mutations in cancer or to germline mutations that are transmitted to the next generation. It is not known whether any mechanism exists in the germ line to control Z-DNA structure and DNA breaks at purine–pyrimidine repeats. Here we provide genetic, epigenomic and biochemical evidence for the existence of a biological process that erases Z-DNA specifically in germ cells of the mouse male foetus. We show that a previously uncharacterized zinc finger protein, ZBTB43, binds to and removes Z-DNA, preventing the formation of DNA double-strand breaks. By removing Z-DNA, ZBTB43 also promotes de novo DNA methylation at CG-containing purine–pyrimidine repeats in prospermatogonia. Therefore, the genomic and epigenomic integrity of the species is safeguarded by remodelling DNA structure in the mammalian germ line during a critical window of germline epigenome reprogramming.
Widespread shift from ecosystem energy to water limitation with climate change
Authors: Denissen Jasper M. C. , Teuling Adriaan J. , Pitman Andy J. , Koirala Sujan , Migliavacca Mirco , Li Wantong , Reichstein Markus , Winkler Alexander J. , Zhan Chunhui , Orth Rene 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTerrestrial ecosystems are essential for food and water security and CO2 uptake. Ecosystem function is dependent on the availability of soil moisture, yet it is unclear how climate change will alter soil moisture limitation on vegetation. Here we use an ecosystem index that distinguishes energy and water limitations in Earth system model simulations to show a widespread regime shift from energy to water limitation between 1980 and 2100. This shift is found in both space and time. While this is mainly related to a reduction in energy-limited regions associated with increasing incoming shortwave radiation, the largest shift towards water limitation is found in regions where incoming shortwave radiation increases are accompanied by soil moisture decreases. We therefore demonstrate a widespread regime shift in ecosystem function that is stronger than implied by individual trends in incoming shortwave radiation, soil moisture and terrestrial evaporation, with important implications for future ecosystem services.
Comprehensive analysis of autophagy related long non-coding RNAs in prognosis, immunity, and treatment of muscular invasive bladder cancer
Authors: Tan Wei , Yuan Ye , Huang Hao , Ma Junhao , Li Yadong , Gou Yuanqing , Wu Hao , Hu Zili 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTo predict disease outcome in muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), we constructed a prognostic autophagy-related (PAR) lncRNA signature. Comprehensive bioinformatics analyses were performed using data from TCGA and GTEx databases. Univariate Cox, and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression analyses were also performed, based on differentially expressed genes, to identify PAR-related lncRNAs to establish the signature. Furthermore, the Kaplan–Meier OS curve and receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were performed and a nomogram was constructed, all of which together confirmed the strong predictive ability of the constructed signature. Patients with MIBC were then divided into high- and low-risk groups. Gene enrichment and immune infiltration analyses revealed the potential mechanisms in MIBC. We also further evaluated the signature of molecules related to immune checkpoints and the sensitivity toward chemotherapeutic agents and antitumor-targeted drugs to find better treatment prescriptions. We identified a number of PAR-related lncRNA signatures, including HCP5, AC024060.1, NEAT1, AC105942.1, XIST, MAFG-DT, and NR2F1-AS1, which could be valuable prognostic tools to develop more efficient, individualized drug therapies for MIBC patients.
Simiate and the focal adhesion kinase FAK1 cooperate in the regulation of dendritogenesis
Authors: Rama Ramya , Derlig Kristin , Vießmann Nina , Gossmann Roman , Oriold Fabian , Gießl Andreas , Brandstätter Johann Helmut , Enz Ralf , Dahlhaus Regina 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDespite the crucial importance of dendritogenesis for the correct functioning of neurons, the molecular mechanisms underlying neuronal arborisation are still not well understood. Current models suggest that distinct parts and phases of dendritic development are regulated by the expression of distinct transcription factors, that are able to target the cytoskeleton. Two proteins recently implicated in dendritogenesis are the Focal Adhesion Kinase FAK1 and the Actin-binding protein Simiate. Using heterologous expression systems as well as mouse brain extracts in combination with coprecipitation assays, we show that Simiate is able to associate with FAK1. Differential centrifugation experiments further revealed the interaction to be present in cytosolic as well as nuclear fractions. Inside the nucleus though, Simiate preferentially binds to a FAK1 isoform of 80 kDa, which has previously been shown to regulate transcription factor activity. Investigating the function of both proteins in primary hippocampal cultures, we further found that FAK1 and Simiate have distinct roles in dendritogenesis: While FAK1 increases dendrite length and number, Simiate preferentially enhances growth and branching. However, if being confined to the nucleus, Simiate selectively triggers primary dendrite formation, enhancing transcription activity at the same time. Since the effect on primary dendrites is specifically re-normalized by a co-expression of FAK1 and Simiate in the nucleus, the data implies that the two proteins interact to counterbalance each other in order to control dendrite formation. Looking at the role of the cytosolic interaction of FAK1 and Simiate, we found that neurotrophin induced dendritogenesis causes a striking colocalisation of FAK1 and Simiate in dendritic growth cones, which is not present otherwise, thus suggesting that the cytosolic interaction stimulates growth cone mediated dendritogenesis in response to certain external signals. Taken together, the data show that FAK1 and Simiate exert several and distinct actions during the different phases of dendritogenesis and that these actions are related to their subcellular localisation and their interaction.
Fast and simple super-resolution with single images
Authors: Eilers Paul H. C. , Ruckebusch Cyril 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe present a fast and simple algorithm for super-resolution with single images. It is based on penalized least squares regression and exploits the tensor structure of two-dimensional convolution. A ridge penalty and a difference penalty are combined; the former removes singularities, while the latter eliminates ringing. We exploit the conjugate gradient algorithm to avoid explicit matrix inversion. Large images are handled with ease: zooming a 100 by 100 pixel image to 800 by 800 pixels takes less than a second on an average PC. Several examples, from applications in wide-field fluorescence microscopy, illustrate performance.
Quantitative measure of concrete fragment using ANN to consider uncertainties under impact loading
Authors: Kim Kyeongjin , Kim WooSeok , Seo Junwon , Jeong Yoseok , Lee Jaeha 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this study, numerical analysis was performed to predict amount of fragments and travel distance after collision of a concrete median barrier with a truck under impact loading using Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH). The obtained results of the SPH analysis showed that amount of fragments and the travel distance can be changed depending on different velocity-to-mass ratios under same local impact energy. Using the results of the SPH analysis, artificial neural network (ANN) was constructed to consider the uncertainties for the prediction of amount of fragments and travel distance of concrete after collision. In addition, the results of the ANN were compared with the results of multiple linear regression analysis (MRA). The ANN results showed better coefficient of determination (R2) than the MRA results. Therefore, the ANN showed improvement than the MRA results in terms of the uncertainties of the prediction of amount of fragments and travel distance. Using the constructed ANN, data augmentation was conducted from a limited number of analysis data using a statistical distribution method. Finally, the fragility curves of the concrete median barrier were suggested to estimate the probability of exceed specific amount of fragments and travel distance under same impact energy.