bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robotics for a Quality-Driven Post-harvest Supply Chain
Authors: Chauhan Aneesh , Brouwer Bastiaan , Westra Eelke 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose of Review
This article explores the current state of robotic technology and its potential to improve post-harvest supply chain quality management and decision-making.

Recent Findings
Soft-robotics is paving the way towards generalized gripping solutions, which are highly relevant for handling fragile fresh products. Besides gripping potential, it is imperative to study the impact of these solutions on fresh product quality and safety. Automated mobile robots, AMRs, present new opportunities for automating post-harvest warehouse operations. Moreover, AMRs enable new possibilities to monitor and map qualitative and climatic changes, and to take quality-driven (semi-)autonomous actions.

Summary
A review of advances in robotic manipulation and navigation technologies is presented in terms of their potential to monitor, maintain, and preserve the fresh produce quality. Soft-robotics and AMRs offer technologies with the potential to transform post-harvest supply chains. Future research should focus on leveraging these technologies and investigate their potential for quality management and quality-driven decision-making.
A candidate effector protein PstCFEM1 contributes to virulence of stripe rust fungus and impairs wheat immunity
Authors: Bai Xingxuan , Peng Huan , Goher Farhan , Islam Md Ashraful , Xu Sanding , Guo Jia , Kang Zhensheng , Guo Jun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCommon in Fungal Extracellular Membrane (CFEM) domain proteins are considered to be unique to fungi and closely related to pathogenicity. However, the Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) effector containing the CFEM domain has not been reported. Here, we obtained an effector, PstCFEM1, containing a functional N-terminal signal peptide sequence and the CFEM domain from Pst race CYR31. qRT-PCR assay indicated that the transcript levels of PstCFEM1 were highly induced during the early stages of infection. Overexpression of PstCFEM1 suppressed Pst322 (an elicitor-like protein of Pst)-trigged cell death, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and callose deposition. Host-induced gene silencing (HIGS) experiments showed that knockdown of PstCFEM1 decreased the virulence of Pst, while ROS accumulation in silenced plants increased near the infection site. In addition, wheat containing the PstCFEM1-silenced construct increased resistance to multiple races of Pst. Our data suggest that PstCFEM1 suppresses wheat defense by inhibiting ROS accumulation and contributes to increased virulence of Pst.
Zooming-in for climate action—hyperlocal greenhouse gas data for mitigation action?
Authors: Jungmann M , Vardag S N , Kutzner F , Keppler F , Schmidt M , Aeschbach N , Gerhard U , Zipf A , Lautenbach S , Siegmund A , Goeschl T , Butz A 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWhile the international community has made progress in adopting goals and agreements in the field of climate change mitigation, efforts to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are significantly lacking behind global ambitions for acceptable climate change. In this perspective, we discuss whether a window of opportunity for more effective climate action is emerging due to the convergence of new scientific and technological opportunities to provide high-resolution information on GHG emissions and emerging polycentric governance forms. We hypothesize that scientific and technological developments in the geophysical sciences and geoinformatics could provide the information policy makers need to put in place effective policies on climate change mitigation and to have measures to verify the effectiveness of their mitigation policies. To contribute to a better understanding of these developments and the requirements for effective climate action, new forms of inter- and transdisciplinary research become urgently necessary.
Involvement of microbiota and short-chain fatty acids on non-alcoholic steatohepatitis when induced by feeding a hypercaloric diet rich in saturated fat and fructose
Authors: Milton-Laskibar Iñaki , Marcos-Zambrano Laura Judith , Gómez-Zorita Saioa , Carrillo de Santa Pau Enrique , Fernández-Quintela Alfredo , Martínez Jose Alfredo , Portillo María Puy 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
Consumption of high-energy-yielding diets, rich in fructose and lipids, is a factor contributing to the current increase in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease prevalence. Gut microbiota composition and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production alterations derived from unhealthy diets are considered putative underlying mechanisms. This study aimed to determine relationships between changes in gut microbiota composition and SCFA levels by comparing rats featuring diet-induced steatohepatitis with control counterparts fed a standard diet. A high-fat high-fructose (HFHF) feeding induced higher body, liver and mesenteric adipose tissue weights, increased liver triglyceride content and serum transaminase, glucose, non-HDL-c and MCP-1 levels. Greater liver malondialdehyde levels and glutathione peroxidase activity were also observed after feeding the hypercaloric diet. Regarding gut microbiota composition, a lowered diversity and increased abundances of bacteria from the Clostridium sensu stricto 1, Blautia, Eubacterium coprostanoligenes group, Flavonifractor, and UBA1819 genera were found in rats featuring diet-induced steatohepatitis, as well as higher isobutyric, valeric and isovaleric acids concentrations. These results suggest that hepatic alterations produced by a hypercaloric HFHF diet may be related to changes in overall gut microbiota composition and abundance of specific bacteria. The shift in SCFA levels produced by this unbalanced diet cannot be discarded as potential mediators of the reported hepatic and metabolic alterations.
Sr/Ca and Ba/Ca ratios support trophic partitioning within a Silurian conodont community from Gotland, Sweden
Authors: Terrill David F. , Jarochowska Emilia , Henderson Charles M. , Shirley Bryan , Bremer Oskar 
Published: April 2022

AbstractConodonts were a highly diverse and abundant vertebrate group whose fossils are found in marine Paleozoic and Triassic strata around the world. They inhabited environments ranging from lagoons to open oceans and are represented by a wide variety of dental morphologies. Conodonts may have filled many different ecological niches and represent a significant proportion of nekton before the Devonian. Despite this, very little is known about trophic ecology of conodonts. While morphological diversity suggests a complex trophic structure within conodont communities, there is little evidence to support dietary niche partitioning among conodonts.We tested the hypothesis that individual conodont taxa occupied different trophic niches, using Sr/Ca and Ba/Ca ratios preserved in the dental elements of assemblages from Silurian strata of Gotland, Sweden. Sr/Ca and Ba/Ca have been shown to vary in vertebrate skeletal tissues depending on trophic positioning, although biological and environmental conditions can affect these ratios. Environmental influences were minimized by examining entire conodont communities from a tropical epeiric sea and by measuring strontium isotope ratios using thermal ionization mass spectrometry in the most metropolitan taxon (Ozarkodina confluens). Composition of white matter, a tissue unique to conodonts, was also analyzed using microprobe analysis, revealing significantly lower Sr concentrations than in surrounding lamellar tissue, suggesting taxon-specific histology should be considered when analyzing conodonts for geochemical data. Excluding taxa with highly variable quantities of white matter, the results show that each taxon preserves different Sr/Ca and Ba/Ca ratios with limited overlap, indicating variation in trophic positioning.
CHRONOLOGY OF FOSSILIFEROUS LOCALITIES IN MANJRA VALLEY, DISTRICT LATUR, MAHARASHTRA, INDIA
Authors: Sathe Vijay , Kumar Pankaj , Chakraborty Prateek , Sharma Rajveer 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTThe present paper is an announcement of first absolute age dating directly on fossilized bones and teeth of the Pleistocene mammalian fauna from the Manjra valley, District Latur, Maharashtra, India. The fossilized samples were measured using the AMS facility at Inter-University Accelerator Centre, New Delhi, India. The results gave the time frame of 21,423 BP to 24,335 BP that correspond close to and the threshold of LGM and sheds important light on the palaeoecology of the area that supported diverse megafaunal species in the Upper Manjra valley. These calendar dates not only have wider significance in terms of first ever approximate chronological frame for the Pleistocene fauna in Peninsular India but also offer methodological innovations especially when the adequate bioapatite is absent in the fossilized bones and teeth from the fossil record.
A secular empire? Estates,nom, and religions in the Mongol empire
Authors: Atwood Christopher P. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRecent work in religious studies has emphasized how European colonial empires used the defining and constructing of religions and secularism as tools of rule. This article explores parallel processes in the Mongol empire (1206–1368) where ‘religion-making’ occurred in three areas: 1) a precise and legal definition of professional service estates among the conquered peoples that included the clergies of designated religions; 2) a broad and imprecise classification ofnomor ‘way of life’ that partially overlapped with the clergies defined in the first category; and 3) a realm above all such sectarian distinctions destined for the Mongol ruling elite who alone were capable of living in free obedience to Heaven. The parallels and differences with classifications of the religious and the secular in European colonial empires shed light on how power interacts with cultural classification and practices.
Wearing fire and chewing iron: Oaths of peace and the suspension of monotheism in contemporary Alevism
Authors: Kreger Alex 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis article examines the practices and discourses surrounding theikraroaths by which some Alevis in Turkey and the Turkish diaspora are initiated into their spiritual path. I examine a contemporary revival of this Alevi oath complex, which is a historical product of the same messianic trends in post-Mongol Sufism that shaped the Mughal imperial idea ofsulh-i kull, or ‘Peace with All’ religions. I argue that theikraroaths are paradigmatic examples of ‘post-Islam’ or Islam after the messianic suspension of its scriptural law. I show how Alevis seek to maintain their suspension of monotheism through ritual practices of animal sacrifice and music as well as the replacement of standard monotheistic oaths with post-Islamic oaths. Focusing on a recent liturgical reform movement led by the shrine of Hacı Bektaş in central Turkey, I demonstrate how the shrine works to maintain Alevis’ suspension of monotheism within the constraints of modern secularism, in part by reinterpreting secular constraints in terms of post-Islamic Alevi values, thereby highlighting elective affinities between post-Islam and secularism.
Chinggisid pluralism and religious competition: Buddhists, Muslims, and the question of violence and sovereignty in Ilkhanid Iran
Authors: Brack Jonathan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis article argues that the Mongol empire's famous religious tolerance cannot be explained solely through its adoption of Inner Asian imperial political traditions of ruling over ethnically and religiously diverse subjects. Instead, this pluralism can be ascribed to a wider religious pattern of the Mongols. The first part argues that the analytical category of immanentist religions explains not only the inter-cultic transparency exhibited by the Mongol courts, but also the few explicit instances where the Chinggisid rulers reacted with ‘religious’ violence. The article further explores the strategies employed by the religious vectors, mainly Buddhists and Muslims, to address, accommodate, and subvert the Chinggisids’ patterns of religiosity and primarily their pluralism, and the Mongols’ deified mode of sacralizing kingship. Focusing on the Mongol-Ilkhanid court in Iran, the article examines how religious representatives used conceptual affinities and equivalences between the Mongol traditions and certain principles of their own religious frameworks to gain influence and favour, and persuade the khans to convert or retain their earlier commitment to the new religious affiliation. Employing this assimilative approach, they manoeuvred within the religious, immanentist paradigm of their nomadic patrons while moulding and manipulating it to their own religious, transcendentalist ends. The article further demonstrates how this ‘translation’ process of Chinggisid patterns became an arena of Buddhist–Muslim rivalry and competition, but also cross-cultural fertilization.
Exercises in peace: Āẕar Kayvānī universalism and comparison in the School of Doctrines
Authors: Sheffield Daniel J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn 1650, an encyclopedia of comparative religion known as Dabistān-i Maẕāhib (the School of Doctrines) was completed near the city of Hyderabad. Asserting that the religions of the world are reflections of a single inner truth, its author Mīrzā Ẕu'l-fiqār Āẕarsāsānī, known by the poetic penname ‘Mūbad’, travelled widely across India to record encounters with diverse religious figures. This article re-examines the composition and legacy of the Dabistān in light of new manuscript evidence relating to its author and the world he inhabited. It argues that the Dabistān's universalist project reflects a widely held theory of the interrelatedness of the macrocosm, in which sociality with diverse populations was understood to be a spiritual exercise leading to saintly perfection in the same way that venerating the cosmos and ascetic bodily practices were. The article provides a close reading of the Dabistān's shortest chapter on the religion of the Tibetans, the earliest such description in Persian. Situating the Dabistān within the diverse expressions of ‘Universal Peace’ (ṣulḥ-i kull) during the Safavid and Mughal periods, it argues that the Dabistān's project of recovering a universal theology that was attributed to ancient Iran and India led to expressions of dual religious belonging—to particular religions of revelation as well as to the universal religion of the philosophers—parallel to and connected with what Jan Assmann has termed the ‘religio duplex phenomenon’ in early modern Europe. Finally, the article briefly traces the legacy of the Dabistān into the modern period.The free do not think of religion, doctrine, and spiritual guidance—Those shackled by seeking liberation are not truly free.For how long must we wander the alleyways of religion and nation?—There is no highway through the land of verification (taḥqīq) besides heresy (ilḥād).—‘Mūbad’ Mīrzā Ẕu'l-fiqār Āẕarsāsānī (fl. 1060s ah/1650s ce)1
Establishing the text of theOdes: the Anhui University bamboo manuscript
Authors: Smith Adam , Poli Maddalena 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this article we review the newly published fourth-centurybcemanuscript of the Book of Odes (Shi jing詩經) in the collection of Anhui University. We describe the preservation and material features of the manuscript, discuss issues of provenance, and compare the text with the received version of theOdes. We conclude that the text of theOdeswas already fundamentally stable by the date of the manuscript, and that written versions like the Anda manuscript provided important support for the stability of the text. However, we also argue that the manuscript shows signs of having been produced from memory, rather than sight-copying from another manuscript. We suggest that the function of the Anda manuscript was to support the learning and memorization of theOdes.
Dynamic changes of SARS-CoV-2 specific IgM and IgG among population vaccinated with COVID-19 vaccine
Authors: Chen Fengling , Zhong Yi , Li Jiazhao , Luo Jianrong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
To evaluate the dynamic changes of antibody levels in different groups after inoculation with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine. The 1493 subjects who were tested for IgM and IgG against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) at Qionglai Medical Center Hospital from June to October in 2021 were accepted for analyses of geometric mean titre (GMT) of IgG and IgM. The overall GMT of IgM and IgG in the population of Qionglai reached at a peak value at 1.497 (+3.810, −3.810) S/CO and 4.048 (+2.059, −2.059) S/CO in the second week, and then gradually decreased to 0.114 (+2.707, −2.707) and 1.885 (+1.506, −1.506) S/CO in the 11th–25th weeks, respectively. IgG was positive within 1 day, after that GMT increased continuously and peaked on the 13th day. There was a significant difference between male and female groups for titre of IgM during the prior 2 weeks and among three age groups for titre of IgG during the 2nd–3rd week after vaccination. The GMT level of IgG in the population vaccinated with the COVID-19 vaccine remained at a high level within 25 weeks and peaked on the 13th day, indicating that IgG could exist for a longer period and exhibiting positive SARS-CoV-2- defending effect.
Validation of an instrument to assess food diversity in women of childbearing age in Medellín, Colombia
Authors: Correa Guzmán Nathalia , Calvo Betancur Víctor Daniel , Sepúlveda Herrera Diana María , Cárdenas Sánchez Diana Liseth , Manjarrés Correa Luz Mariela 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjective:To validate a Food Diversity Questionnaire (CDA, for its name in Spanish) that identifies the prevalence of the risk of deficiency in the intake of eleven micronutrients.Design:The CDA paper form, an online application for data entry and handling, was designed and compared with the 24-h recall (24HR) as a reference method. All data were processed in Personal Computer Software for Intake Distribution Estimation (PC-SIDE) v1 software. A descriptive analysis and comparisons between prevalence, concordance and reproducibility analyses were performed.Setting:Medellín, Colombia.Participants:Women of childbearing age between 19 and 50 years (n 186) who worked for the Buen Comienzo programme in 2019.Results:When comparing the adjusted 24HR technique and the CDA, there was no significant difference in population-level data at risk of deficiency in any micronutrient intake. However, based on individual-level data of the best linear unbiased predictor, the concordance analyses were weak, and although agreements were high according to the diagnostic performance tests, a good ability to detect deficiency was only observed in a few nutrients: vitamin A 100·0 %, Ca 98·7 %, Fe 92·8 %, folates 91·6 %, and pyridoxine 81·8 %.Conclusions:The CDA validated in this study is useful and faster at evaluating population-level data at risk of deficiency in the intake of Ca, Fe, Zn, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pyridoxine, folates, vitamin B12, vitamin C and vitamin A. Based on individual-level data, a good ability to detect deficiencies was observed in the intake of vitamin A, Ca, Fe, folates and pyridoxine.
Three‐Dimensional Reconstruction of Tongue of Ionization During the 11 October 2010 Geomagnetic Storm and Evolution Analysis With TIEGCM
Authors: Shan L. L. , Yao Y. B. , Kong J. , Zhai C. Z. , Zhou C. , Chen X. X. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe three‐dimensional computerized ionospheric tomography (3DCIT) technique that fused multisource data is used to reconstruct the spatial distribution of tongue of ionization (TOI) appeared over Greenland during a moderate geomagnetic storm on 11 October 2010. The reconstruction results are validated with observations from the constellation observing system for meteorology, ionosphere, and climate radio occultations and two ionosonde stations, which show good agreements. The 3DCIT images indicated a zone of high electron density (magnitude of ∼5 TECU) that crossed northern Greenland and electrons were input into the polar region in the anti‐sunward direction after aggregating at midlatitudes, which formed a TOI. The images also revealed that the TOI magnitude was larger in the upper ionosphere ssand lower at 300 and 500 km but still noticeable. Below 300 km, the TOI was difficult to detect. The simulation result of the Thermosphere‐Ionosphere‐Electrodynamic General Circulation Model (TIEGCM) also showed the same TOI structure. Then, we combined the measured ionospheric data and term‐by‐term analysis of the ion continuity formula in TIEGCM to further identify the principal TOI formation mechanisms. We assume that the dominant TOI formation mechanism is electric field transport, which is offset by ambipolar diffusion and neutral wind transport. Furthermore, the uplift of electrons and the insignificant effect of other physical processes explained the insignificant TOI in lower ionosphere.
Superposed Epoch Analyses of Geoelectric Field Disturbances in Japan in Response to Different Geomagnetic Activities
Authors: Zhang T. , Ebihara Y. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAn increase in geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) is an inevitable result of geomagnetic field disturbances, and is harmful to the power grid, in particular, at high latitudes. At mid and low latitudes, the amplitude of the GICs is, in general, small, but large‐amplitude GICs are often observed during magnetic storms. It is of importance to understand major characteristics and extreme values of GICs at mid and low latitudes. For the geoelectric field disturbances ΔE observed at Kakioka (27.8° geomagnetic latitude) in Japan in 1996–2004, we performed superposed epoch analyses with respect to three types of geomagnetic disturbances: (a) storm sudden commencements (SSCs)/sudden impulses (SIs), (b) main phase of magnetic storms, and (c) bay disturbances. It is shown that the SSCs/SIs and the main phase of the magnetic storms are equally important for causing large‐amplitude disturbances of ΔE at Kakioka. GICs are thought to be amplified when the SIs and/or the bay disturbances occur during the magnetic storms. The maximum value of ΔE tends to be correlated with the maximum value of ΔH during the three types of events, where ΔH is the horizontal component of the geomagnetic field. Assuming that a quasi‐linear relationship between the maximum ΔE and the maximum ΔH is valid, we estimated GICs at three substations in Japan for an extreme SSCs/SIs, and the extreme magnetic storms. This scheme could be applicable to estimate roughly the GICs against extreme events, and to forecast the maximum GICs in a real‐time manner.
Thank You to Our 2021 Peer Reviewers
Authors: Huber Matthew , Röhl Ursula (Ulla) 
Published: April 2022

Abstract/IntroductionOnce a year we take the opportunity to thank the reviewers whose difficult, important work is never sufficiently recognized. Two years into the COVID‐19 pandemic, reviewers continued to show deep resolve to support their community, by providing thorough, timely reviews aiming to improve manuscripts, while simultaneously dealing with very difficult personal and professional circumstances. Without their intense, robust, and helpful attention, all the science we do would be diminished. Ulla and I would like to express our gratitude and appreciation for your efforts this year and our hope for improvement in 2022 and beyond.