bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors impacting the detection of weed seed contaminants in seed lots
Authors: Buddenhagen Christopher E , Hackell Deborah , Henderson Harold V , Wynne‐Jones Ben 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe setting and following of phytosanitary standards for weed seeds can lessen the impacts of weeds on agriculture. Standards adopted by seed companies, laboratories and regulators ensure the contamination rates do not exceed some thresholds. Globally sample size standards are set based on the amount needed to obtain a contaminant in a random sample of the seed lot, not detectability. New Zealand requires a 95% confidence that the maximum pest limit of 0.01% of quarantine weed seed contamination is not exceeded in an imported seed lot. We examined 24 samples each containing approximately 150 000 seeds of either perennial ryegrass (12 samples) or white clover seeds (12 samples) that were then spiked with seeds (contaminants) from 12 non‐crop species (3–8 seeds of each). We considered factors that may impact detection rates: shape, color, size, and texture relative to the crop, and technician (including a commercial seed laboratory).RESULTSA linear mixed model fitted to the data indicated significant observer, crop, and seed color, shape, and size effects on detection. Detectability increased by 20% ± 7.7 (± standard error) when seeds had a distinct shape or color (28% ± 8.1), or were larger (23% ± 8.7) rather than smaller, relative to the crop. Commercial laboratory identifications were usually correct at the level of genus, and species for common weeds, but some misidentifications occurred.CONCLUSIONSample sizes for border inspections should be based on detectability of regulated weed seeds in the crop in combination with weed risk for the crop and location. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Dynamic Magnetic Features of a Mixed‐Spin‐2 and Spin‐5/2 Ising Ferrimagnetic System under a Time‐Dependent Oscillating Magnetic Field: Path Probability Method Approach
Authors: Gençaslan Mustafa , Özlü Mustafa , Keskin Mustafa 
Published: October 2022

A study, within the path probability method, of the dynamic magnetic features of the mixed spin (2, 5/2) Ising ferrimagnetic system on a hexagonal lattice under the presence of a sinusoidal external magnetic field is presented. The Hamiltonian of the system contains intersublattice, intrasublattice, and crystal‐field interactions. The intersublattice interaction is taken as antiferromagnetic. The time variations of average dynamic magnetizations and the thermal behavior of the dynamic magnetizations are investigated to obtain the phases in the system and to characterize the nature of the dynamic phase transitions and find the dynamic phase transition temperature points. The dynamic phase diagrams in six different phase planes are presented, in which they contain the paramagnetic (p) phase, three different ferrimagnetic (i
1, i
2, i
3) fundamentals, and the p + i
1, i
1 +
i
2, and i
2 +
i
3 mixed phases as well as the dynamic tricritical point and the dynamic double critical end point, depending on the interaction parameters. The dynamic compensation behavior is also examined and only N‐type behaviors are observed. Some of the obtained dynamic phase diagrams are in qualitatively good agreement within some works on the dynamics of mixed‐spin Ising system.
Intergenerational Transmission of Dyslexia: How do Different Identification Methods of Parental Difficulties Influence the Conclusions Regarding Children's Risk for Dyslexia?
Authors: Khanolainen Daria , Salminen Jenni , Eklund Kenneth , Lerkkanen Marja‐Kristiina , Torppa Minna 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBy investigating children whose parents have dyslexia, family risk (FR) studies are expanding our understanding of the intergenerational transmission of dyslexia. These studies, however, vary in their identification of FR, and how the use of different identification methods influences research findings and conclusions is yet to be systematically investigated. This study aims to evaluate the association between two FR identification methods—parental self‐reports and direct skill assessments—and their unique contributions in the prediction of children's reading. The study employed two datasets: a prospective FR sample (half of the parents in the sample had dyslexia and the remaining half did not) and an unselected sample. Parental self‐reports and direct skill assessments correlated strongly (.60) in the prospective FR sample and moderately (.42) in the unselected sample. Moreover, both FR identification methods were almost equally predictive of children's reading (explaining 5%–9% of the variance at different time points) in the prospective FR sample only. In the prediction of the children's skills, the two methods complemented each other only for some of the measures. At the same time, in the unselected sample, parental skills were not predictive of children's reading, whereas self‐reports were. The two FR identification methods seem to have equally high predictive power when the variability in parental data is high. However, they lose their predictive power when either the lower or higher end of the parental reading distribution is underrepresented.
Cell‐Taxi: Mesenchymal Cells Carry and Transport Clusters of Cancer Cells
Authors: Zarubova Jana , Hasani‐Sadrabadi Mohammad Mahdi , Norris Sam C. P. , Majedi Fatemeh Sadat , Xiao Crystal , Kasko Andrea M. , Li Song 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCell clusters that collectively migrate from primary tumors appear to be far more potent in forming distant metastases than single cancer cells. A better understanding of the collective cell migration phenomenon and the involvement of various cell types during this process is needed. Here, an in vitro platform based on inverted‐pyramidal microwells to follow and quantify the collective migration of hundreds of tumor cell clusters at once is developed. These results indicate that mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) or cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in the heterotypic tumor cell clusters may facilitate metastatic dissemination by transporting low‐motile cancer cells in a Rac‐dependent manner and that extracellular vesicles secreted by mesenchymal cells only play a minor role in this process. Furthermore, in vivo studies show that cancer cell spheroids containing MSCs or CAFs have faster spreading rates. These findings highlight the active role of co‐traveling stromal cells in the collective migration of tumor cell clusters and may help in developing better‐targeted therapies.
Effects of state‐of‐the‐art residual stress models on the member and local stability behaviour
Authors: Schaper Lukas , Tankova Trayana , da Silva Luís Simões , Knobloch Markus 
Published: October 2022

AbstractResidual stresses have considerable effect on both the local and the member stability behaviour of steel structures. Previous studies have shown that the structural stability behaviour depends on both the distribution and the amplitude of the residual stresses. The residual stress distribution is affected by the cross‐section geometry, the steel grade and the manufacturing process, e.g. flame cutting and the welding procedure. A realistic consideration of residual stresses is necessary for an efficient and safe design of steel structures.This article presents an experimental and numerical study on the influence of residual stresses on the stability behaviour of structural members, i.e. steel columns and beams considering a variety of cross‐sectional slenderness, i.e. plastic, compact and slender cross‐sections are taken into account. A novel residual stress model for welded I‐shaped sections was developed and evaluated using test data. This model takes into account the main influencing parameters, i.e. the cross‐sections geometry, the steel grade as well as manufacturing process with thermal cuts or non‐thermal cuts of the steel plates. The novel residual stress model is then used to investigate the stability behaviour in terms of a numerical simulation study. The result of the study allows to propose an improvement of the buckling curve selection for welded high strength steel columns and beams.
Long‐term behavior of sustainable self‐compacting concrete with high volume of recycled concrete aggregates and industrial by‐products
Authors: Qin Daqiang , Zong Zhenyu , Dong Chunru , Guo Zhanggen , Tang LiuYang , Chen Chuan , Zhang Lei 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe addition of recycled concrete aggregates together with industrial by‐products for the concrete production is an effective solution to the environmental problems in terms of excess waste materials and massive nonrenewable natural resources consumption. This article investigates the long‐term behavior and microstructure of sustainable self‐compacting concrete (SCC) by substantially substituting natural coarse aggregate with recycled coarse aggregates (RCA) and cement with supplementary cementitious materials (SCM). The influences of RCA and SCM content as well as SCM combination type (fly ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag and/or silica fume) on the mechanical properties and long‐term deformation of recycled aggregate SCC (RA‐SCC) were assessed in detail. Furthermore, scanning electron microscope and x‐ray diffraction were implemented to justify the reasons for improvement on mechanical properties and long‐term behavior of RA‐SCC. The results indicate that the addition of RCA reduces the compressive strength and elastic modulus of RA‐SCC, and increases the creep and shrinkage deformations. However, incorporating SCM with a combination of fly ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag and silica fume compensates for the detrimental effect of RCA and makes considerable improvement in strength and reduction in the long‐term deformations. Microstructure analysis confirms the reasons of improvement, which is mainly attributed to the addition of SCM by adopting a combination type, resulting in a more compact microstructure such as stronger interfacial transition zone. Based on the experimental results, the correction factors of RCA and SCM were introduced in conjunction with fib Model Code 2010 model to evaluate the creep coefficient of RA‐SCC.
Identification of dementia and MCI cases in health information systems: An Italian validation study
Authors: Bacigalupo Ilaria , Lombardo Flavia L. , Bargagli Anna Maria , Cascini Silvia , Agabiti Nera , Davoli Marina , Scalmana Silvia , Palma Annalisa Di , Greco Annarita , Rinaldi Marina , Giordana Roberta , Imperiale Daniele , Secreto Piero , Golini Natalia , Gnavi Roberto , Lovaldi Franca , Biagini Carlo A. , Gualdani Elisa , Francesconi Paolo , Magliocchetti Natalia , Fiandra Teresa Di , Vanacore Nicola 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe identification of dementia cases through routinely collected health data represents an easily accessible and inexpensive method to estimate the prevalence of dementia. In Italy, a project aimed at the validation of an algorithm was conducted.MethodsThe project included cases (patients with dementia or mild cognitive impairment [MCI]) recruited in centers for cognitive disorders and dementias and controls recruited in outpatient units of geriatrics and neurology. The algorithm based on pharmaceutical prescriptions, hospital discharge records, residential long‐term care records, and information on exemption from health‐care co‐payment, was applied to the validation population.ResultsThe main analysis was conducted on 1110 cases and 1114 controls. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values in discerning cases of dementia were 74.5%, 96.0%, 94.9%, and 79.1%, respectively, whereas in detecting cases of MCI these values were 29.7%, 97.5%, 92.2%, and 58.1%, respectively. The variables associated with misclassification of cases were also identified.DiscussionThis study provided a validated algorithm, based on administrative data, which can be used to identify cases with dementia and, with lower sensitivity, also early onset dementia but not cases with MCI.
Radiotherapy reimagined: Integrating nanomedicines into radiotherapy clinical trials
Authors: DuRoss Allison N. , Phan Jack , Lazar Alexander J. , Walker Joshua M. , Guimaraes Alexander R. , Baas Carole , Krishnan Sunil , Thomas Charles R. , Sun Conroy , Bagley Alexander F. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRadioenhancing nanoparticles (NPs) are being evaluated in ongoing clinical trials for various cancers including head and neck, lung, esophagus, pancreas, prostate, and soft tissue sarcoma. Supported by decades of preclinical investigation and recent randomized trial data establishing clinical activity, these agents are poised to influence future multimodality treatment paradigms involving radiotherapy. Although the physical interactions between NPs and ionizing radiation are well characterized, less is known about how these agents modify the tumor microenvironment, particularly regarding tumor immunogenicity. In this review, we describe the key multidisciplinary considerations related to radiation, surgery, immunology, and pathology for designing radioenhancing NP clinical trials.This article is categorized under:
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
Love symmetry
Authors: Charalambous Panagiotis , Dubovsky Sergei , Ivanov Mikhail M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Perturbations of massless fields in the Kerr-Newman black hole background enjoy a (“Love”) SL(2, ℝ) symmetry in the suitably defined near zone approximation. We present a detailed study of this symmetry and show how the intricate behavior of black hole responses in four and higher dimensions can be understood from the SL(2, ℝ) representation theory. In particular, static perturbations of four-dimensional black holes belong to highest weight SL(2, ℝ) representations. It is this highest weight properety that forces the static Love numbers to vanish. We find that the Love symmetry is tightly connected to the enhanced isometries of extremal black holes. This relation is simplest for extremal charged spherically symmetric (Reissner-Nordström) solutions, where the Love symmetry exactly reduces to the isometry of the near horizon AdS2 throat. For rotating (Kerr-Newman) black holes one is lead to consider an infinite-dimensional SL(2, ℝ) ⋉ $$ \hat{\textrm{U}}{(1)}_{\mathcal{V}} $$

U
̂

1

V

extension of the Love symmetry. It contains three physically distinct subalgebras: the Love algebra, the Starobinsky near zone algebra, and the near horizon algebra that becomes the Bardeen-Horowitz isometry in the extremal limit. We also discuss other aspects of the Love symmetry, such as the geometric meaning of its generators for spin weighted fields, connection to the no-hair theorems, non-renormalization of Love numbers, its relation to (non-extremal) Kerr/CFT correspondence and prospects of its existence in modified theories of gravity.
Boostless cosmological collider bootstrap
Authors: Pimentel Guilherme L. , Wang Dong-Gang 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Cosmological correlation functions contain valuable information about the primordial Universe, with possible signatures of new massive particles at very high energies. Recent developments, including the cosmological bootstrap, bring new perspectives and powerful tools to study these observables. In this paper, we systematically classify inflationary three-point correlators of scalar perturbations using the bootstrap method. For the first time, we derive a complete set of single-exchange cosmological collider bispectra with new shapes and potentially detectable signals. Specifically, we focus on the primordial scalar bispectra generated from the exchange of massive particles with all possible boost-breaking interactions during inflation. We introduce three-point “seed” functions, from which we bootstrap the inflationary bispectra of scalar and spinning exchanges using weight-shifting and spin-raising operators. The computation of the seed function requires solving an ordinary differential equation in comoving momenta, a boundary version of the equation of motion satisfied by a propagator that linearly mixes a massive particle with the external light scalars. The resulting correlators are presented in analytic form, for any kinematics. These shapes are of interest for near-future cosmological surveys, as the primordial non-Gaussianity in boost-breaking theories can be large. We also identify new features in these shapes, which are phenomenologically distinct from the de Sitter invariant cases. For example, the oscillatory shapes around the squeezed limit have different phases. Furthermore, when the massive particle has much lower speed of sound than the inflaton, oscillatory features appear around the equilateral configuration.
Holographic Einstein ring of a charged AdS black hole
Authors: Liu Yuxuan , Chen Qian , Zeng Xiao-Xiong , Zhang Hongbao , Zhang Wenliang 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Taking into account that the real quantum materials are engineered generically at a finite chemical potential, we investigate the Einstein ring structure for the lensed response of the complex scalar field as a probe wave on the charged AdS black hole in the context of AdS/CFT. On the one hand, we find that the resulting Einstein ring radius has no variation with the chemical potential, which is similar to the behavior for the weakly interacting quantum system. On the other hand, not only can such a ring exist well within the screen, but also the temperature dependence of its radius exhibits a distinct feature in the sense that it displays an appreciable increase at low temperatures while the ring keeps unchanged right at the edge of the screen for the weakly interacting system. Note that such a Einstein ring emerges in the large frequencies and can be well captured by the photon sphere away from the black hole horizon in the geometric optics approximation, thus such a distinct feature may be regarded as a universal behavior associated with the high energy modes of the strongly coupled system which has a gravity dual.
Convergence Theorems for Varying Measures Under Convexity Conditions and Applications
Authors: Marraffa Valeria , Satco Bianca 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this paper, convergence theorems involving convex inequalities of Copson’s type (less restrictive than monotonicity assumptions) are given for varying measures, when imposing convexity conditions on the integrable functions or on the measures. Consequently, a continuous dependence result for a wide class of differential equations with many interesting applications, namely measure differential equations (including Stieltjes differential equations, generalized differential problems, impulsive differential equations with finitely or countably many impulses and also dynamic equations on time scales) is provided.
Tubb3 expression levels are sensitive to neuronal activity changes and determine microtubule growth and kinesin-mediated transport
Authors: Radwitz Jennifer , Hausrat Torben J. , Heisler Frank F. , Janiesch Philipp C. , Pechmann Yvonne , Rübhausen Michael , Kneussel Matthias 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMicrotubules are dynamic polymers of α/β-tubulin. They regulate cell structure, cell division, cell migration, and intracellular transport. However, functional contributions of individual tubulin isotypes are incompletely understood. The neuron-specific β-tubulin Tubb3 displays highest expression around early postnatal periods characterized by exuberant synaptogenesis. Although Tubb3 mutations are associated with neuronal disease, including abnormal inhibitory transmission and seizure activity in patients, molecular consequences of altered Tubb3 levels are largely unknown. Likewise, it is unclear whether neuronal activity triggers Tubb3 expression changes in neurons. In this study, we initially asked whether chemical protocols to induce long-term potentiation (cLTP) affect microtubule growth and the expression of individual tubulin isotypes. We found that growing microtubules and Tubb3 expression are sensitive to changes in neuronal activity and asked for consequences of Tubb3 downregulation in neurons. Our data revealed that reduced Tubb3 levels accelerated microtubule growth in axons and dendrites. Remarkably, Tubb3 knockdown induced a specific upregulation of Tubb4 gene expression, without changing other tubulin isotypes. We further found that Tubb3 downregulation reduces tubulin polyglutamylation, increases KIF5C motility and boosts the transport of its synaptic cargo N-Cadherin, which is known to regulate synaptogenesis and long-term potentiation. Due to the large number of tubulin isotypes, we developed and applied a computational model based on a Monte Carlo simulation to understand consequences of tubulin expression changes in silico. Together, our data suggest a feedback mechanism with neuronal activity regulating tubulin expression and consequently microtubule dynamics underlying the delivery of synaptic cargoes.
Extended phenotypes can underlie trade-offs: a case of social spiders
Authors: Parthasarathy Bharat , Bouchard Michelle , Schneider Jutta M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Extended phenotypes engineered by animals can potentially improve safety and/or foraging. Whether the well-known trade-off between safety and foraging applies for extended phenotypes, and if so, how it is resolved has not been determined. Spiders build elaborate silk structures that serve as traps for their insect prey and often attach silken retreats (nests) to their capture webs. These extended phenotypes of spiders are made of silk that is considered costly since it is made of protein. Using the Indian social spider, Stegodyphus sarasinorum, we examined how simple proximal factors, like colony hunger state and group size, shape trade-offs in collectively built extended phenotypes that offer shelter and food. We found that well-fed colonies showed greater investment in retreat silk than starved colonies. However, the two groups did not differ in their investment in capture webs. Hence, our findings validate the starvation-risk taking hypothesis in an extended phenotypic paradigm by showing that hungry colonies trade-off retreat size for capture web, irrespective of group size.