bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sublethal effects of Bacillus thuringiensis biopesticides and insecticides combinations on Chrysodeixis includens larvae: insights on pest management
Authors: Gonçalves Kelly C. , Freitas Marcelo M. , Nascimento Daniel D. , Bortoli Sergio A. , Polanczyk Ricardo A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Ecofriendly Bt biopesticides can be used in combinations with insecticides to optimize agricultural operations and increase the host spectrum. However, this procedure can reduce the efficacy of the product and affect the biology of survival larvae. We evaluated the sublethal effects (survival, larval stage duration, weight and pupae formation) of two Bt biopesticides and eight insecticides on Chrysodeixis includens, using combinations of one Bt biopesticide with one or two insecticides, comprising 72 treatments. After the in vitro combinations assays, every susceptibility treatment consisted of 100-second instar C. includens larvae, distributed into 20 repetitions. No survival was recorded in 31 treatments, and those survival larvae from 41 treatments (1,805) were weighed every two days, from nine to 31 days after treatment (DAT). The larvae pupated (687, 38%) in only 26 treatments, and six treatments provided larval survival rates greater than 80% with Thuricide WP®, Larvin WG 800®, and Premio SC®. The weight of the surviving larvae varied both up and down in some treatments compared to the control in the first evaluation. Furthermore, most heavier larvae were pupated before the control, but the heaviest ones, most of them with longer larval stage, died before pupating. Indeed, we reinforce the importance of sublethal effects in the conception of C. includens susceptibility and interactions with ecosystems services.
Fruit Type Classification using Deep Learning and Feature Fusion
Authors: Gill Harmandeep Singh , Murugesan G , Mehbodniya Abolfazl , Sajja Guna Sekhar , Gupta Gaurav , Bhatt Abhishek 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Machine and deep learning applications play a dominant role in the current scenario in the agriculture sector. To date, the classification of fruits using image features has attained the researcher’s attraction very much from the last few years. Fruit recognition and classification is an ill-posed problem due to the heterogeneous nature of fruits. In the proposed work, Convolution neural network (CNN), Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), and Long-short Term Memory (LSTM) deep learning methods are used to extract the optimal image features, and to select features after extraction, and finally, use extracted image features to classify the fruits. To evaluate the performance of the proposed approach, the Support vector machine (SVM) unsupervised learning method, Artificial neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), and Feed-forward neural network (FFNN) classification results are compared, and observed that the proposed fruit classification approach results are quite efficient and promising.
Interquantile Shrinkage for Longitudinal Data in Regression Models
Authors: Wan Chuang , Zhong Wei , Song Xinyuan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We develop an interquantile shrinkage estimation to explore the underlying commonality structure of regression coefficients across different quantile levels for longitudinal data in a data-driven manner. It provides a more insightful view between the response and covariates and enhances estimation efficiency and model interpretability. We propose a fused penalized generalized estimation equation (GEE) estimator under a non-crossing constraint to automatically promote the constancy of estimates across neighboring quantiles. The GEE estimator accommodates the within-subject correlation for longitudinal data to improve estimation efficiency. A nested alternating direction method of multiplier (ADMM) algorithm is developed to minimize the regularized objective function. The asymptotic properties of the penalized estimators are also well established. In addition, when irrelevant predictors exist in high dimensions, we also develop a doubly penalized GEE estimator to select important variables and identify the interquantile commonality simultaneously. Numerical studies demonstrate that the proposed methods enjoy higher estimation efficiency than several existing methods. A longitudinal wage empirical data set is analyzed to further illustrate our methodologies.
Excreta Flow Mapping along the Sanitation Service Chain, A Case of Kombolcha Town, Ethiopia
Authors: Endris Seid , Kebede Andinet , Assefa Eshetu , Ali Almayehu , Desale Tewodrose 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Poor fecal sludge management (FSM) results in significant public health and environmental risk exposures. To understand the FSM patterns and future scenarios of Kombolcha town, qualitative and quantitative methods of data collection and the Shit Flow Diagram (SFD) data analyzing tool were used. The study showed that 75.7% of households rely on shared toilets with two and above households. Cistern flush toilets, pour/manual flush toilets, ventilated improved pit latrine, pit latrine with slab and pit latrine without slab are the main technologies practiced in the town as 2.1, 19.8, 11.1, 56.4 and 10.6 %, respectively. 98.5% of the toilet types were unlined or only partially lined. On the other hand, only 37% of households practice toilet pit or sludge tank filling up and emptying. It was also found that only 56% of fecal sludge was safely managed. The remaining 44% of excreta is disposed in a way that it poses environmental and public health risk. Thus, current fecal sludge management trend exposes the community’s health unless sanitation bye-laws and building code regulations are set to address the quality of toilet technologies that promote hygienic standards.
Development of a Mexican online nutritional ecologic software for dietary assessment, automatic calculation of diet quality, and dietary environmental impact
Authors: Lares-Michel Mariana , Housni Fatima Ezzahra , Aguilera-Cervantes Virginia Gabriela , Michel-Nava Rosa María 
Published: September 2022

AbstractNutritional tools for dietary assessment are crucial elements for nutritional and diet-related study methodologies. Environmental indexes such as water footprint (WF) are essential for assessing diets' environmental impact. Currently, no available software in Mexico and the world simultaneously allows the evaluation of diet and its environmental impact. This study aimed to design and develop a Mexican online nutritional ecologic software for dietary assessment, automatic diet quality calculation, and diet's environmental impact. The software was developed using the waterfall life cycle methodology. A multi-stage process was followed. The program includes diet evaluation through a 24-hour recall and a validated and adapted Food Consumption Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). The software also integrates automatic calculation of diet quality through an adaptation of The Mexican Diet Quality Index (ICDMx): the Alternate Mexican Diet Quality Index (IACDMx). An automatic WF assessment for Mexico’s context was also included. The assessment accounts for multi and single-ingredient foods WF, cooking, food-washing water, and applying correction factors. We created Nutriecology®, a novel technology for assessing diet aspects and WF simultaneously, making data collection and analysis time efficient in transversal and longitudinal studies. Further environmental impact indices, clinic history, and socioeconomic elements will be added to the software in future actualizations.
A Canadian survey of residency applicants’ and interviewers’ perceptions of the 2021 CaRMS R1 virtual interviews.
Authors: Fernandes Rosephine Del , Relke Nicole , Soleas Eleftherios , Braund Heather , Lui Clementine Janet Pui Man , Zevin Boris 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
All Canadian Residency Matching Service (CaRMS) R1 interviews were conducted virtually for the first time in 2021. We explored the facilitators, barriers, and implications of the virtual interview process for the CaRMS R1 match and provide recommendations for improvement.
Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional survey study of CaRMS R1 residency applicants and interviewers across Canada in 2021. Surveys were distributed by email to the interviewers, and by email, social media, or newsletter to the applicants. Close-ended items were described, and open-ended items were thematically analyzed.
Results
A total of 127 applicants and 400 interviewers, including 127 program directors, responded to the survey. 193/380 (50.8%) interviewers and 90/118 (76.3%) applicants preferred virtual over in-person interview formats. Facilitators of the virtual interview format included cost and time savings, ease of scheduling, reduced environmental impact, greater equity, less stress, greater reach and participation, and safety. Barriers of the virtual interview format included reduced informal conversations, limited ability for applicants to explore programs at different locations, limited ability for programs to assess applicants’ interest, technological issues, concern for interview integrity, limited non-verbal communication, and reduced networking opportunities. The most helpful mediums for applicants to learn about residency programs were program websites, the CaRMS/AFMC websites, and recruitment videos. Additionally, panel interviews were preferred by applicants for their ability to showcase themselves and build connections with multiple interviewers.
Conclusions
Perceptions of 2021 CaRMS R1 virtual interviews were favourable among applicants and interviewers. Recommendations from this study can help improve future iterations of virtual CaRMS interviews.
Blockchain-based Cybertwin-V2X Data Aggregation and Cluster Head Multi-hop Distribution Scheme
Authors: Wang Xinwei 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
With the rapid development of the Internet of Things and the continuous progress of 5G technology, intelligent transportation has become the development trend of transportation technology. As an information interaction network, the Internet of Vehicles can share traffic information among vehicles, bringing convenience to vehicle owners while improving traffic efficiency.Data forwarding technology in the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) can realize the safe and efficient forwarding of messages, so that vehicle users can obtain road information as soon as possible and take relevant measures in advance.Cybertwin, as a complete replica of the vehicle in the virtual world, masters all the data and behavior of its physical vehicle. Cybertwin can communicate with other vehicle’s Cybertwin in the virtual world, which provides powerful functions in the data forwarding. On the one hand, it can directly forward data on behalf of the physical vehicle; on the other hand, Cybertwin can make relevant decisions based on forwarded data from other twins. However, it is easy to be eavesdropped when forwarding its physical vehicle data. In addition, there are several Cybertwins that may refuse to forward data in the virtual world. Therefore, the security issues in the data forwarding of Cybertwin face many challenges. In this paper, data aggregation and cluster-head multi-hop transmission scheme based on Cybertwin is proposed. The proposed scheme uses the reversible matrix to construct the data forwarding report of different cyber twins, uses the Paillier cryptosystem to aggregate the ciphertext of the data report, and uses the reversible matrix to decrypt and restore. In addition, use randomizable signatures to protect the privacy of Cybertwin. The security analysis results show that the proposed scheme can effectively improve the efficiency of data forwarding, and better protect the privacy and security issues of Cybertwin data forwarding in the IoV.
Lens Law Based Optimization Algorithm: A Novel Approach
Authors: Nayak Byamakesh , Choudhury Tanmoy Roy 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This paper explores the physics-based lens formula integrating through a population- based algorithm for solving any optimization problems. The object having multi-dimensional positions is the candidate of a solution of population creates image obstacles by a lens of convex, concave or combination of both. The position of the image is used to update the position of the object. The lens of concave, convex or combination of both emphasizes exploration, exploitation and local optima avoidance of the search space are the main objectives of the population-based optimization algorithms. The image formed by the object is governed by focal length equation which can be changed by defining the several random and adaptive variables to emphasize the exploitation and exploration of the search space. The ability of exploitation, exploration, use of search space, avoidance of local minima and reach to global maxima of the proposed algorithm is verified through unimodal, multimodal and composite benchmark functions. Besides the number of practical engineering problems are also considered for validation of performances of the proposed algorithm.
Experimental study of apatite-fluid interaction and partitioning of rare earth elements at 150 and 250 °C
Authors: Chappell J. Caleb , Gysi Alexander P. , Monecke Thomas , Chang Zhaoshan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Apatite is a common accessory phase in igneous and metamorphic rocks. Its stability in magmatichydrothermal and hydrothermal systems is known to be a key control on the mobility of rare earth elements (REE). To better constrain how apatite is altered during fluid-rock interaction at comparably low temperatures, batch-type apatite dissolution experiments were conducted at 150 and 250 °C at saturated water vapor pressure in acidic to mildly acidic (pH of 2–4) aqueous fluids having variable salinities (0, 0.5, and 5 wt% NaCl). The study reveals the dominance of apatite dissolution textures with the formation of micrometer-scale etch pits and dissolution channels developing prominently along the c-axis of the apatite crystals. Backscattered electron imaging shows an increase in apatite dissolution with increasing temperature and upon reacting the crystals with more acidic and higher salinity starting fluids. This study also demonstrates an increase in dissolved REE in the experimental fluids corroborating with the observed apatite dissolution behavior. Backscattered electron imaging of secondary minerals formed during apatite dissolution and scanning electron microscopy-based energy dispersive spectrometry peaks for Ca, P, and REE support the formation of monazite-(Ce) and minor secondary apatite as deduced from fluid chemistry (i.e., dissolved P and REE concentrations). The studied apatite reaction textures and chemistry of the reacted fluids both indicate that the mobility of REE is controlled by the dissolution of apatite coupled with precipitation of monazite-(Ce), which are enhanced by the addition of NaCl in the starting fluids. This coupled process can be traced by comparing the REE to P ratios in the reacted fluids with the stoichiometry of the unreacted apatite crystals. Apatite metasomatized at temperatures &lt;300 °C is therefore controlled by dissolution rather than dissolution-reprecipitation reactions commonly observed in previous experiments conducted above 300 °C. Furthermore, this study demonstrates that the presence of NaCl plays a crucial role in increasing the solubility of apatite, which controls the availability of REE to form secondary phosphates even in mildly acidic aqueous fluids. This implies that both the effects of acidity/alkalinity of the fluids and the role of dissolved alkalis (NaCl and KCl), need to be considered for understanding the controls on REE in magmatic-hydrothermal systems. Lastly, the experiments of this study expand the known conditions at which apatite is susceptible to be overprinted by hydrothermal alteration from 900 °C down to 150 °C and highlights the necessity of appropriately screening apatite grains using backscattered electron and cathodoluminescence imaging for signs of hydrothermal alteration textures in igneous apatite.
Response of the winter soil moisture of different vegetation types to rainfall events in karst slope land
Authors: Yuan Ershuang , Zhou Qiuwen , Yan Weihong , Peng Dawei , Wang Yalin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Understanding the response of soil moisture of different vegetation types to rainfall in karst regions in winter is significant for implementing various ecological restoration projects. However, at present, the related research is mainly focused on non-winter seasons, and only few research exist on winter seasons. Therefore, in this study, four types of vegetation – grassland, arable land, shrubland, and forestland – were selected as sample plots in the Guanling County of southwestern Guizhou, China. The magnitude, time, and speed responses of soil moisture of the vegetation types to rainfall were calculated using the time-series data of soil moisture of different vegetation types. The results showed that the response of soil moisture differed between different vegetation types in winter and non-winter seasons in karst areas. Among the four vegetation types, soil moisture response magnitude to rainfall in grassland and arable land had a similar distribution pattern along different soil depths, whereas in scrubland and forestland, it decreased gradually along the soil depth. In addition, compared with other vegetation types, for grassland soil moisture, the response magnitude, response duration, and response speed to rainfall are the largest, longest, and fastest, respectively. Our study used quantitative indices to illustrate the response of soil moisture to rainfall for different vegetation types under a humid climate in a mid-subtropical zone on sloped, pure limestone land. The results of this study provide a scientific basis for the implementation of ecological restoration projects in karst areas.
Variation of water bodies along highways in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau over the past 20 years: A case study of G109 and G219
Authors: Gao Yu , Chai Mingtang , Ma Wei , Li Yangyang , Chen Weidong , Mu Yanhu 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The water bodies existing along highways in the high altitude areas of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP) will aggravate subgrade settlement and road damage, and affect the long-term stability of road networks. Based on remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) techniques, this study analyzed the changes in the number and area of water bodies along the G109 and G219 highways in the QTP in the past 20 years. The results showed that between 2000 and 2019, the number of water bodies along the two highways increased by 24 and 19%, respectively, and their area increased by 26 and 19%, respectively. The area and the number of water bodies &gt;1 km2 in the permafrost area and those &lt;1 km2 in the seasonal permafrost area both changed significantly. The change in the number of water bodies in the permafrost area was positively correlated with annual average temperature, while that in the seasonal permafrost area was significantly positively correlated with annual precipitation. This study provided basic data that could be used in studies on the interrelationship between engineering and water bodies within the context of climate change and will contribute to revealing the mechanisms through which engineering projects affect frozen soils.
Bibliometric analysis of artificial intelligence algorithms used for microbial fuel cell research
Authors: Coy-Aceves Luis Erick , Corona-Vasquez Benito 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Research regarding microbial fuel cells has been stimulated to reduce the operating costs and energy consumption of conventional wastewater treatment, and increase its profitability. However, these devices are challenging to study due to their complexity and sensitivity to both internal and external factors. Artificial intelligence (AI) has been used to analyze microbial fuel cells as an effective alternative to the use of mathematical models, which are still in development. In this study, the main goals were to perform the first bibliometric analysis of AI applied to microbial fuel cell research and to find the most popular algorithms used to date. Using the Web of Science database, a total of 102 articles published between 1999 and 2022 were retrieved. The cumulative number of articles has greatly increased over the past 10 years. About 55% were contributed by researchers from China and USA, leading among 20 countries. Some 50 algorithms were used, with principal component analysis and feed-forward neural networks being the most popular used to study and optimize microbial fuel cells.
Enhancement of flushed sediment in pressure flushing using inclined plates upstream of orifice
Authors: Najafi Nima , Daryaee Mehdi , Kashefipour Seyed Mahmood 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Pressure flushing is a common technique to restore the storage capacity of reservoirs. However, the low quantity of flushed sediment remains a drawback of pressure flushing. Experimentally, the present study used inclined plates upstream of the bottom outlet to increase the flushed sediment in pressure flushing. The variables included the plate width (B), the angel between the vertical line at the outlet center and the normal vector of the inclined plate (α), radial distance of the inclined plates from the orifice center (R), and outlet discharge (Q). The results showed that the flushed sediment significantly enhanced; the quantity of flushed sediment for B = 6.3 cm, α = 60°, R = 8.5 cm, and a Q = 8.34 L/s was 19 times as large as that in the reference test (i.e., without plates). Furthermore, the length, width, and depth of the scour cone in the presence of inclined plates were 3, 2.3, and 3.3 times as high as those in the absence of the inclined plates. Also, equations were developed to predict the volume and dimensions of the scour cone in the presence of inclined plates based on the experimental data. Finally, the importance of the variables was determined using a sensitivity analysis method. Between all considered parameters in this study, the plate distance from the outlet was found to have the highest effect and the plate inclination the lowest effect (three times) in increasing the flushed sediment through the orifice.