bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Boosting Hydrogen Evolution at Visible Light Wavelengths by Using a Photocathode with Modal Strong Coupling between Plasmons and a Fabry‐Pérot Nanocavity
Authors: Oshikiri Tomoya , Jo Haruki , Shi Xu , Misawa Hiroaki 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHot‐hole injection from plasmonic metal nanoparticles to the valence band of p‐type semiconductors and reduction by hot electrons should be improved for efficient and tuneable reduction to obtain beneficial chemical compounds. We employed the concept of modal strong coupling between plasmons and a Fabry‐Pérot (FP) nanocavity to enhance the hot‐hole injection efficiency. We fabricated a photocathode composed of gold nanoparticles (Au−NPs), p‐type nickel oxide (NiO), and a platinum film (Pt film) (ANP). The ANP structure absorbs visible light over a broad wavelength range from 500 nm to 850 nm via hybrid modes based on the modal strong coupling between the plasmons of Au−NPs and the FP nanocavity of NiO on a Pt film. All wavelength regions of the hybrid modes of the modal strong coupling system promoted hot‐hole injection from the Au−NPs to NiO and proton/water reduction by hot electrons. The incident photon‐to‐current efficiency based on H2 evolution through water/proton reduction by hot electrons reached 0.2 % at 650 nm and 0.04 % at 800 nm.
Biomechanical response of human rib cage to cardiopulmonary resuscitation maneuvers: Effects of the compression location
Authors: Suazo Mario , Herrero Joan , Fortuny Gerard , Puigjaner Dolors , López Josep M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe biomechanical response of a human rib cage to cardiopulmonary resuscitation maneuvers was investigated by means of finite element simulations. We analyzed the effect of the location where the force was applied on the achieved compression depths and stress levels experienced by the breastbone and ribs. For compression locations on the breastbone, a caudal shift of the application area toward the breastbone tip resulted in a 17% reduction of the force required to achieve a target 5 cm compression depth. We found that the use of compression regions located on the costal cartilages would involve higher risk of rib fractures.
Spatial and Electronic Structures of BeB8 and MgB8: How far Does the Analogy Go?
Authors: Đorđević Slađana , Radenković Slavko 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDoping boron clusters with Be and its heavier alkaline‐earth congener, Mg, usually leads to complexes of different geometry and electronic structure. In this work we show that both neutral BeB8 and MgB8 exhibit a singlet ground state umbrella‐like form. In addition, the stability, electronic structure, and aromaticity of the target molecules are compared. The magnetically induced current densities show that BeB8 and MgB8 are double aromatic systems: π and σ electrons induce strong diatropic currents. The current densities induced in the studied complexes are of very similar intensity, but with a different spatial distribution. The differences in the current density patterns observed for BeB8 and MgB8 arise from the very nature of the bonding interactions between the M atom and B8 fragment, as demonstrated through the energy decomposition analysis.
A Biosourced Epoxy Resin for Adhesive Thermoset Applications
Authors: Moreira Vitor B. , Alemán Carlos , Rintjema Jeroen , Bravo Fernando , Kleij Arjan W. , Armelin Elaine 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBiobased epoxy‐derived raw materials will be essential for future coating and adhesive designs in industry. Here, a facile approach is reported towards the incorporation of limonene into an epoxy‐functionalized polycarbonate and its crosslinking with a polyamine curing agent to obtain a thermoset material. For the first time, a solvent‐borne adhesive with excellent film‐forming, mechanical and adhesion strength properties is described.
Synthesis and Structure Confirmation of Selagibenzophenone C
Authors: Kunák Dominik , Mateus Miguel , Rycek Lukas 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe report the first total synthesis of natural diarylbenzophenone selagibenzophenone C recently isolated from a plant species Selaginella tamariscina, traditionally used in folklore medicines. The framework of the natural compound is assembled via Suzuki‐Miyaura cross‐coupling and the addition of organometallic species. Following some ambiguities in the assignment of the structures for some of the natural products belonging to this compound class, the spectral data reported for the isolated selagibenzophenone C are carefully compared to the data of the synthetic product, and the structure of the natural product is confirmed.
Upgrading of bio‐separation and bioanalysis using synthetic polymers: Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), cryogels, stimuli‐responsive polymers
Authors: Aslıyüce Sevgi , Idil Neslihan , Mattiasson Bo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBio‐separation plays a crucial role in many areas. Different polymers are suitable for bio‐separation and are useful for applications in applications in both science and technology. Besides biopolymers, there are a broad spectrum of synthetic polymers with tailor‐made properties. The synthetic polymers are characterized by their charges, solubility, hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity, sensitivity to environmental conditions and stability. Furthermore, ongoing developments are of great interest on biodegradable polymers for the treatment of diseases. Smart polymers have gained great attention due to their unique characteristics especially emphasizing simultaneously changing their chemical and physical property upon exposure to changes in environmental conditions. In this review, methodologies applied in bio‐separation using synthetic polymers are discussed and efficient candidates are focused for the construction of synthetic polymers.
Beyond diagnosis: Prepubescent gender expansive children on the margins of clinical measures
Authors: Berg Dianne , Tellawi Ghazel , Anderson Sloan Okrey , Nic Rider G. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFew clinical measures are available for use with transgender and gender‐expansive (TGE) prepubescent children. This qualitative study includes 65 TGE children, ages 4–12, with 21 identifying as boys, 34 as girls, and 10 as nonbinary. Race/ethnicity reported by parents: 72.3% White, 7.7% Asian, 6.2% Hispanic/Latinx, 4.6% multiple races, 3.1% Black/African American, 1.5% American Indian or Alaskan Native, and 4.6% were missing race/ethnicity data. Children's responses to clinical measures identified these themes: dysphoria, identity statements, gender statements, contentment with self, and anticipatory statements. Findings highlight the need to develop clinical measures that center children's voices, are inclusive of all gender identities, and go beyond diagnostic criteria to better reflect and understand the meaning children make of gender‐related experiences.
α‐Mangostin protects lipopolysaccharide‐stimulated nucleus pulposus cells against NLRP3 inflammasome‐mediated apoptosis via the NF‐κB pathway
Authors: Chen Jingyang , Bian Meiru , Pan Lingxiao , Yang Hanshi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a common and chronic inflammatory disorder. α‐Mangostin exhibits a novel biological function against inflammation in various inflammatory diseases. Here, we aimed to explore the role of α‐mangostin in IDD using an in vitro cell model. Human nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) were exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce inflammatory injury. Cell viability of NPCs was determined by CCK‐8 assay. ELISA was performed to examine the production of interleukin (IL)‐1β and IL‐18. Apoptotic cell death in NPCs was detected by TUNEL staining. The expression levels of apoptotic‐associated proteins were detected by western blotting. Nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) activation was examined by determining the expression levels of p‐p65, p65, and nuclear p65. Results showed that treatment with α‐mangostin improved the viability of LPS‐treated NPCs. α‐Mangostin treatment also inhibited the LPS‐induced increase in expression levels of NLRP3, ASC and pro‐caspase‐1, as well as the production of IL‐1β and IL‐18 in NPCs. Moreover, treatment with α‐mangostin or NLRP3 inhibitor (MCC950) significantly decreased apoptotic cell death in NPCs, as compared with treatment with LPS. In addition, the expression levels of cleaved caspase‐3 and Bax were decreased, while Bcl‐2 expression was increased in α‐mangostin‐ or MCC950‐treated NPCs. Treatment with α‐mangostin also suppressed LPS‐induced increase of p‐p65/p65 and nuclear p65 levels. Moreover, inhibition of NF‐κB by PDTC aggravated the inhibitory effects of α‐mangostin on NLRP3 inflammasome activation and apoptosis in LPS‐induced NPCs. These findings suggested that α‐mangostin exerted a protective effect on NLRP3 inflammasome‐mediated apoptosis in LPS‐induced NPCs through regulating NF‐κB signaling.
Enhanced antibacterial properties on superhydrophobic micro‐nano structured titanium surface
Authors: Manivasagam Vignesh K. , Perumal Gopinath , Arora Harpreet Singh , Popat Ketul C. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMicro/nano scale surface modifications of titanium based orthopedic and cardiovascular implants has shown to augment biocompatibility. However, bacterial infection remains a serious concern for implant failure, aggravated by increasing antibiotic resistance and over usage of antibiotics. Bacteria cell adhesion on implant surface leads to colonization and biofilm formation resulting in morbidity and mortality. Hence, there is a need to develop new implant surfaces with high antibacterial properties. Recent developments have shown that superhydrophobic surfaces prevent protein and bacteria cell adhesion. In this study, a thermochemical treatment was used modify the surface properties for high efficacy antibacterial activity on titanium surface. The modification led to a micro‐nano surface topography and upon modification with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and silane the surfaces were superhydrophilic and superhydrophobic, respectively. The modified surfaces were characterized for morphology, wettability, chemistry, corrosion resistance and surface charge. The antibacterial capability was characterized with Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli by evaluating the bacteria cell inhibition, adhesion kinetics, and biofilm formation. The results indicated that the superhydrophobic micro‐nano structured titanium surface reduced bacteria cell adhesion significantly (>90%) and prevented biofilm formation compared to the unmodified titanium surface after 24 h of incubation.
In what ways do emerging adults with substance use problems experience their communities as influencing their personal recovery processes?
Authors: Bahl Nina Kavita Heggen , Øversveen Emil , Brodahl Morten , Nafstad Hilde E. , Blakar Rolv M. , Ness Ottar , Landheim Anne S. , Tømmervik Kristin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractApplying the multiple psychological sense of community concept (MPSOC), this study explored how emerging adults with substance use problems experience the influences of various senses of community and communities on their personal recovery processes. Semi‐structured interviews with 21 emerging adults from different urban contexts in Norway were analysed using a collaborative, seven‐step, deductive, and reflexive thematic approach. MPSOC is shown to be a key concept for achieving a broad, in‐depth understanding of emerging adults' senses of community and personal experiences of community influences on recovery processes from substance use. Positive and negative senses of community in geographical, relational, substance use‐related and ideal communities influence the potentials and challenges in emerging adults' recovery processes. Supportive and motivating community relationships, meaningful activities with peers, and distance from recovery‐impeding communities were identified as important recovery components. To promote recovery and prevent substance use in emerging adults, community approaches and tools applied in substance use treatment have to take into account and utilise multidimensional and age group‐specific aspects of belonging.
Vaccination provides protection from respiratory deterioration and death among hospitalized COVID‐19 patients: Differences between vector and mRNA vaccines
Authors: Busic Nikolina , Lucijanic Tomo , Barsic Bruno , Luksic Ivica , Busic Iva , Kurdija Goran , Barbic Ljubo , Kunstek Sanja , Jelic Tea , Lucijanic Marko 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOutcomes of 109 hospitalized COVID‐19 patients who received at least one vaccine dose 14 or more days prior the disease onset were retrospectively compared to control cohort of 109 age, sex, and Charlson comorbidity index‐matched patients chosen among 2990 total hospitalized patients in our tertiary‐level institution in a period from January to June 2021. Among 109 vaccinated patients, 84 patients were partially and 25 fully vaccinated. Vaccinated patients experienced significantly lower 30 days mortality (30% vs. 49%; hazard ratio [HR]: 0.56 [0.37–0.85]; p = 0.008), less frequently required high flow oxygen therapy (17% vs. 34%; HR: 0.45 [0.26–0.76]; p = 0.005), and mechanical ventilation (8% vs. 18%; HR: 0.41 [0.20–0.88]; p = 0.027) in comparison to the matched cohort of unvaccinated patients. More favorable survival was observed in patients receiving vector in comparison to messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine types in unadjusted analysis (30 days mortality 18% vs. 40%; HR: 0.45 [0.25–0.79]; p = 0.034). In the multivariable Cox regression analysis model both mRNA (HR: 0.59 [0.36–0.98]; p = 0.041) and vector vaccine types (HR: 0.30 [0.15–0.60]; p < 0.001) were associated with improved survival in comparison to unvaccinated patients, independently of age (HR: 1.03 [1.01–1.06]; p = 0.011), male sex (HR: 1.78 [1.14–2.76]; p = 0.010), severity of illness (HR: 2.06 [1.36–3.10]; p < 0.001) and functional status on admission (HR: 1.42 [1.07–1.85]; p = 0.013).
Comprehensive assessment of extraction methods for plant tissue samples for determining sodium and potassium via flame photometer and chloride via automated flow analysis#
Authors: Asch Julia , Johnson Kristian , Mondal Shimul , Asch Folkard 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackground and aimsDetermination of sodium (Na), potassium (K), and chloride (Cl) content in plant tissue is required for research related to salinity resistance in plants. Standard methods are available to extract these elements from dried plant material, but these methods are often costly, relatively dangerous, or time consuming. Many authors modify extraction methods substantially without proof of comparability across methods.MethodsHere, dried tissues of two varieties of rice and three varieties of sweet potato subjected to salt stress were extracted for Na and K using six different extraction methods (1–6) and for Cl using three Cl‐free extraction methods (2, 4, 5) for Cl: (1) the VDLUFA standard method, consisting of ashing, and heat extraction in hydrochloric acid (HCl), (2) hot water pressure extraction via autoclave, (3) extraction with 1 M HCl overnight, (4) hot water extraction at 90°C for 1 h, (5) acetic acid extraction in hot 1 M acetic acid for 2 h, and (6) extraction with a microwave using nitric acid. Na and K were determined via flame photometer and Cl via automated flow analysis.ResultsNa and K concentrations varied little among different extraction methods as compared to the VDLUFA standard method, and for Cl, all extractions resulted in similar tissue Cl concentrations.ConclusionsUltimately, the choice of extraction method depends on the instrumentation and lab equipment necessary, available budget, the available amount of sample, and time constraints which should be decided according to the experiment. For reasons of comparability among publications, methods applied should be clearly described since results vary depending on the method chosen.
Impact of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus polymerase chain reaction nasal swabs on vancomycin utilisation in patients admitted to the intensive care unit with respiratory infections
Authors: Cho Lance , Gilbert Gregory E. , Zipperlen Carl , Danaher Keri , Glatt Aaron E. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundMethicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) nasal polymerase chain reaction (PCR) screening has a negative predictive value as high as 96% for pneumonia. Using nasal PCR, care providers can detect the presence or absence of MRSA earlier and potentially decrease the duration of vancomycin therapy in patients with negative results.AimsThe primary objective was to assess the impact of MRSA nasal PCR on vancomycin length of therapy in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with respiratory infections.MethodsThis was a retrospective, quasi‐experimental, uncontrolled before—after study, comparing patients receiving screening versus those who did not. Patients over the age of 18, admitted to ICU with respiratory infections who received at least one dose of vancomycin were included in this study. This investigation received exemption from the South Nassau Communities Hospital and Western Institutional Review Board (reference number SNCH‐E14) and was conducted in accordance with the tenets espoused in the Declaration of Helsinki.ResultsA total of 77 patients, 22 in the study group and 55 in the comparator group were included in the analysis. There was a reduction in median length of vancomycin therapy in the MRSA PCR group compared to the unscreened group (1.7 days vs. 6 days, IQR: 4.15 vs. 4.8, p < 0.001). There was a reduction in median vancomycin levels performed (3 levels vs. 1 level, p = 0.619).ConclusionsThe use of nasal PCR screening for MRSA was associated with a reduction in median vancomycin length of therapy for patients admitted to the ICU with respiratory infections.
Associations between changes in somatic and psychiatric symptoms and disability alterations in recent‐era U.S. veterans
Authors: Bernstein John P. K. , Stumps Anna , Fortenbaugh Francesca , Fonda Jennifer R. , McGlinchey Regina E. , Milberg William P. , Fortier Catherine B. , Esterman Michael , Amick Melissa , DeGutis Joseph 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCross‐sectional work suggests that deployment‐related posttraumatic sequelae are associated with increased disability in U.S. veterans deployed following the September 11, 2001 (9/11), terrorist attacks. However, few studies have examined the psychiatric and somatic variables associated with changes in functional disability over time. A total of 237 post‐9/11 veterans completed comprehensive assessments of psychiatric and cognitive functioning, as well as a disability questionnaire, at baseline and 2‐year follow‐up. At baseline, higher levels of PTSD, depressive, and pain‐related symptoms were associated with baseline global functional disability, semipartial r2 = .036–.044. Changes in symptoms of PTSD, depression, pain, and sleep, but not anxiety or alcohol use, were independently associated with changes in functional disability, semipartial r2 = .017–.068. Baseline symptoms of these conditions were unrelated to changes in disability, and cognitive performance was unrelated to disability at any assessment point. Together, this suggests that changes in psychiatric and somatic symptoms are tightly linked with changes in functional disability and should be frequently monitored, and even subclinical symptoms may be a target of intervention.
Skin cancer, including related pathways and therapy and the role of luteolin derivatives as potential therapeutics
Authors: Juszczak Aleksandra M. , Wöelfle Ute , Končić Marijana Zovko , Tomczyk Michał 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCutaneous malignant melanoma is the fastest growing and the most aggressive form of skin cancer that is diagnosed. However, its incidence is relatively scarce compared to the highest mortality rate of all skin cancers. The much more common skin cancers include nonmelanoma malignant skin cancers. Moreover, over the past several decades, the frequency of all skin cancers has increased much more dynamically than that of almost any other type of cancer. Among the available therapeutic options for skin cancers, chemotherapy used immediately after the surgical intervention has been an essential element. Unfortunately, the main problem with conventional chemopreventive regimens involves the lack of response to treatment and the associated side effects. Hence, there is a need for much more effective anticancer drugs. Correspondingly, the targeted alternatives have involved phytochemicals, which are safer chemotherapeutic agents and exhibit competitive anticancer activity with high therapeutic efficacy. Among polyphenolic compounds, some flavonoids and their derivatives, which are mostly found in medicinal plants, have been demonstrated to influence the modulation of signaling pathways at each stage of the carcinogenesis process, which is also important in the context of skin cancers. Hence, this review focuses on an exhaustive overview of the therapeutic effects of luteolin and its derivatives in the treatment and prevention of skin cancers. The bioavailability and structure–activity relationships of luteolin derivatives are also discussed. This review is the first such complete account of all of the scientific reports concerning this particular group of natural compounds that target a specific area of neoplastic diseases.
Graded damage in quasi‐brittle solids
Authors: Valoroso Nunziante , Stolz Claude 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA novel approach to damage modeling for quasi‐brittle solids is presented relying upon a differential inclusion that is closely related to the one of implicit gradient models. The proposed formulation naturally fits in the so‐called nonlocal standard approach, whereby the framework of generalized standard materials is extended to include gradients of internal variables to account for the physics of the fracture phenomenon in a regularized sense, that is, via extended constitutive equations in which a length scale parameter brings to the macro level information about material microstructure. This concept is fully embodied into the present approach to quasi‐brittle fracture, whereby progressive damage occurs in layers of finite thickness where the gradient of damage is bounded and a fully damaged region is understood as a fracture with no ambiguity. Key to the effective implementation of the model are the choice of two constitutive functions and the implicit tracking of regions in a state of progressive damage via Lagrange multipliers acting on internal constraints. The ideas are developed for a general Cauchy continuum and representative numerical simulations are included that demonstrate the model capabilities.