bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short-term exposure to Air Pollution and COVID-19 in India: A Spatio-temporal analysis of Relative Risk from 20 Metropolitan cities
Authors: Prasad Peri Subrahmanya Hari 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Since the emergence of Coronavirus, numerous studies have been in progress to predict the possible association between air pollution and COVID-19 cases/ deaths. There is significant importance in finding the relative risk due to air pollution by considering the meteorological conditions. In the present study, an attempt is made to find the effects of air pollution on COVID-19 deaths on the country scale with high temporal datasets. The short-term air pollution exposure study with the combined effect of temperature and humidity is considered. The daily observed maximum concentration of air pollution and meteorological variables data of twenty major cities across India were collected between 26-Apr-2020 and 1-Nov- 2021. The generalized additive model (GAM) is applied to the individual pollutant data and non-cumulative daily new COVID-19 incidence/ deaths. All major pollutants PM2.5, PM10, SO2, and O3 are positively attributed to COVID-19 cases and deaths. For every 10 µg/m3 increment in pollutant concentration, there is an increment in incidences by for PM2.5, PM10, CO, and O3, are 1%, 1.5%, 7.7%, 8% respectively. Similarly, for every 10 µg/m3 increment in pollutant concentration, there is an increment in deaths for PM2.5, PM10, CO, and O3, which are 1.5%, 2.3%, 7.7%, 8%, respectively. The Relative maximum risk is attributed to O3, and the minimum relative risk is due to PM2.5. These results suggest that policymakers should take appropriate measures to mitigate outdoor air pollution.
Characterization and phylogenetic analysis of the complete mitochondrial genome of Aythya marila
Authors: Zhang Lei , Xia Tian , Gao Xiaodong , Yang Xiufeng , Sun Guolei , Zhao Chao , Liu Guangshuai , Zhang Honghai 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this study, we sequenced and annotated the complete mitochondrial genome of Aythya marila, which contained 22 tRNAs, 13 protein-coding genes, two ribosomal RNAs, and one D-loop, with a length of 16617 bp. The sizes of the PCGs ranged from 297 to 1824 bp, and all PCGs, except ND6, were located on the heavy chain (H). ATG and TAA were the most common start and termination codons of the 13 PCGs, and the fastest-evolving gene was ATP8, whereas the slowest-evolving gene was COI. Codon usage analysis indicated that CUA, AUC, GCC, UUC, CUC, and ACC were the six most frequent codons. The nucleotide diversity values indicated a high level of genetic diversity in Aythya marila. FST analysis suggested that there was widespread gene exchange between A. baeri and A. nyroca. Phylogenetic reconstructions using the mitochondrial genomes of all available Anatidae species showed that four major clades among Anatidae: Dendrocygninae, Oxyurinae, Anserinae, and Anatinae, in addition to A. marila, were closely related to A. fuligula. In general, this research will provide valuable information on the evolution of A. marila and therefore provide new insights into the phylogeny of Anatidae.
Oxygen Deficit Area Spatial-temporal Heterogeneity in Bohai Sea: Formation and their Drivers
Authors: Zhao Zihan , Xiao Rushui , Guo Junting , Zhang Yuming , Zhang Shufang , Lv Xianqing , Shi Honghua 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In recent years, oxygen deficit in coastal seas has seriously affected the marine ecological environment. Using a large number of observed data in May and August from 2015 to 2018, we obtain the vertical distribution of DO and related hydrological factors in the central section of the Bohai Sea by three-dimensional spatial interpolation to analyze the variation characteristics and its potential changing drivers. The results show that there are two typical oxygen deficit regions in the bottom water of the central Bohai Sea in summer, which are located off Qinhuangdao (QHD) and off the Yellow River estuary (YRE). We analyze the main mechanisms for the formation of oxygen deficit regions: continuous strong stratification and high temperature in summer as well as the aerobic decomposition of organic matter produced after the death of the massive phytoplankton in spring and summer during the slow sedimentation process. In addition, the physical-biological mechanisms of QHD and YRE, the two oxygen deficit core regions, are obviously different. This comparison highlights the influence of the initiation time of stratification enhancement and phytoplankton species on the degree of oxygen deficit, which provides a new understanding for perfecting the formation mechanism of oxygen deficit. Finally, two oxygen deficit regions are simply predicted, which highlights the seriousness of oxygen deficit in Bohai Sea.
Towards universal synthetic heterotrophy using a metabolic coordinator
Authors: Sullivan Sean , Shetty Anuj , Bharadwaj Tharun , Krishna Naveen , Trivedi Vikas , Gopinarayanan Venkatesh Endalur , Sellers Daniel , R. Pravin Kumar , Nair Nikhil 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Engineering the utilization of non-native substrates, or synthetic heterotrophy, in proven industrial microbes such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae represents an opportunity to valorize plentiful and renewable sources of carbon and energy as potential inputs to biotechnological processes. We previously demonstrated that activation of the galactose (GAL) regulon, a regulatory structure used by this yeast to coordinate substrate utilization with biomass formation during growth on galactose, during growth on the non-native substrate xylose results in a vastly altered gene expression profile and faster growth compared with constitutive overexpression of the same heterologous catabolic pathway. However, this effort involved the creation of a xylose-inducible variant of Gal3p (Gal3pSyn4.1), the sensor protein of the GAL regulon, preventing this semi-synthetic regulon approach from being easily adapted to additional non-native substrates. Here, we report the construction of a variant Gal3pMC (metabolic coordinator) that exhibits robust GAL regulon activation in the presence of structurally diverse substrates and recapitulates the dynamics of the native system. Multiple molecular modeling studies confirm that Gal3pMC occupies conformational states corresponding to galactose-bound Gal3p in an inducer-independent manner. Using Gal3pMC to test a regulon approach to the assimilation of the non-native lignocellulosic sugars xylose, arabinose, and cellobiose yields higher growth rates and final cell densities when compared with a constitutive overexpression of the same set of catabolic genes. The subsequent demonstration of rapid and complete co-utilization of all three non-native substrates suggests that Gal3pMC-mediated dynamic global gene expression changes by GAL regulon activation may be universally beneficial for engineering synthetic heterotrophy.
Research on an intelligent diagnosis method of mechanical faults for small sample data sets
Authors: Zhao jun , Shi Yuhua , Tan Feng , Wang Xufeng , Zhang Youqiang , Liao Jiean , Yang Fan , Guo Zhanhong 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The difficulty of feature extraction and the small sample size are two challenges in the field of mechanical fault diagnosis for a long time. Here we propose an intelligent mechanical fault diagnosis method for scenario with small sample datasets. This method can not only diagnose bearing faults but also gear faults, and has strong generalization performance. We use convolutional neural network to realize automatic feature extraction. Through sliding window scanning, one sample set is expanded to three sub-sample sets with different scales to meet the needs of deep learning training. Three convolutional networks are used to extract the features of the subsets respectively to ensure that their useful features are fully extracted. After feature extraction, the feature is reconstructed through feature splicing. Because of the unique advantages of SVM in dealing with small sample sets, we use SVM to classify the reconstructed features.We use the bearing data set collected by Case Western Reserve University in the United States, the bearing fault data set collected by Xi'an Jiaotong University in China, and the gearbox fault data collected by the University of Connecticut in the United States to conduct experiments. The experimental results show that the accuracy of training, validation and testing of the proposed method on the three data sets all reach 100%. This proves that our method can not only tackle the two challenges, but also has high fault diagnosis accuracy and strong generalization performance. It is hoped that our proposed method can contribute to the development of mechanical fault diagnosis.
Injection moldable, self-healable and recyclable rubber-bonded NdFeB magnets with the magnetic particulates content up to 90 wt%
Authors: Cao Yuan , Zhu Min , Rong Min Zhi , Zhang Ming Qiu 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
To apply the facile injection molding technique commonly used in thermoplastics processing to rubber-bonded magnets, typical highly filled thermosetting composites, an approach based on Diels-Alder (DA) chemistry is proposed by the authors. In the proof-of-concept experiments, the oligomers of hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene rubber are successively functionalized by furyl and trifluoromethyl, and the magnetic NdFeB particles are modified by maleimide. By taking advantage of reversible DA reaction, crosslinkages are established among the treated polybutadiene oligomers and NdFeB particles. The composite exhibits very low viscosity due to de-crosslinking when heated to retro-DA reaction temperature, which provides the highly filled system with necessary thermal processibility. In addition, the fluorine groups of the rubber phase are aggregated surrounding the particulate fillers allowing for well separation of the latter in the melt state. During the subsequent cooling, the DA bonds are re-built up in the rubber and at the particles/rubber interface, respectively, offering the robustness of traditional thermosets. As a result, the polybutadiene-bonded magnets with NdFeB content up to 90 wt% can be injection molded and possess rather high magnetic properties, mechanical properties, self-healability and recyclability. The present work combines the merits of thermoplastics and thermosets, and satisfies the contradictory requirements of high filling, efficient manufacturing and balanced performance of functional polymer composites.
Development of a flexible self-calculation scoring model to determine stroke occurrence
Authors: Kyeong Sunghyon , Kim Dae Hyun 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Stroke has become a significant threat to global public health, the ideal solution to which is primary prevention. Identification and management of determinants of stroke among various variables in different datasets are essential steps for its primary prevention. This study aimed to develop a flexible scoring model, which can easily modify different datasets. The public dataset containing 41,931 cases with 643 occurrences of stroke was randomly divided into training, validation, and test datasets comprising 25,158 (60%), 8,386 (20%), and 8,387 (20%) cases, respectively. Three continuous variables (age, body mass index, and average glucose level) and seven categorical variables (heart disease, hypertension, sex, married/smoking/work/residence status) in the dataset were converted using the weight of evidence method. The significant variables among 10 transformed variables were selected using multivariable logistic regression analyses. The scoring model for stroke occurrence was developed in the training and validation datasets, and performance was evaluated in the test dataset. Age, average glucose level, heart disease, and hypertension were significant variables of stroke occurrence. The scoring model was easily calculated using four determinants and indicates that the stroke occurrence ranged from 0.04–12.50%. The performance of the scoring model on the test dataset was similar to that on the validation dataset. This novel point scoring model is flexible enough to modify various datasets and can be used for determinant identification. Furthermore, its simplicity allows individuals to manage determinants by self-calculating stroke occurrence. Our model contributes to primary prevention using determinant identification and management.
Pulmonary function in a cohort of heart-healthy individuals from Northern Sweden - A comparison of reference values
Authors: Erelund Sofia , Karp Kjell , Arvidsson Sandra , Johansson Bengt , Sundström Nina , Wiklund Urban 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background Dynamic spirometry is an important investigation to differentiate between impaired and normal lung function, stressing the importance of selecting consistant and reliable clinical reference data. This study aims to evaluate the results of lung function testing in subjects without known heart or pulmonary disease living in Northern Sweden, with a focus on a comparison with previously published reference materials.
Methods The study is based on 285 (148 males) healthy adults, 20-90 years of age. The subjects had been randomly selected and included in a study of cardiac function in heart-healthy subjects and were also assessed with dynamic spirometry, where 16 subjects presented with pulmonary functional impairments and were excluded. The sex-specific age-dependency in lung volumes was estimated using the LMS model, where non-linear equations are derived for the mean value (M), the location (L) or skewness, and the scatter (S) or coefficient of variation. A comparison was made with the reference values given by the original LMS model that is suggested by the Global Lung Initiative (GLI), and with the reference values from the recent Obstructive Lung Disease In Norrbotten (OLIN) study, which is also based on subjects from Northern Sweden.
Results No differences were found in the age-dependency of pulmonary function between the new LMS model and the OLIN model. The original GLI reference values suggested significantly lower normal values, and consequently resulted in fewer subjects with both FEV1 and FVC values below the lower limit of normality, than both the new model and the OLIN model.
Conclusions Our results are in line with previous reports and support that the original GLI reference values underestimate pulmonary function in the adult Swedish population. This underestimation could be reduced by updating the coefficients in the underlying LMS model with values that are specific for Swedish citizens. For optimal accuracy the final coefficients should be verified in a larger cohort.
Impact of the use of dental services on dental pain according to adolescents’ skin colour: a 10-year cohort
Authors: Rauber Everton Daniel , Knorst Jessica Klöckner , Noronha Thaís Gioda , Zemolin Nicole Adrielli Monteiro , Ardenghi Thiago Machado 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Objective: Evaluate the association of the interaction between the use of dental services and the skin colour on the occurrence of dental pain over time.
Matherial and methods: This study is a cohort with 10 years of follow-up, started in 2010 with a sample of 639 preschool children (1-5 years old). The use of dental services, race and the presence of dental pain were self- reported by the individuals according to predefined criteria Multilevel logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the interaction between skin colour and use of dental services in the occurrence of dental pain over time.
Results: About 449 and 429 were reassessed in 2017 and 2020, respectively. The occurrence of toothache across the cohort was 60.7%. Caucasian individuals who used dental services throughout the cohort had a 51% lower chance of having a toothache than those who used dental services but were non-white (OR 0.49; 95% IC 0.27- 0.90).
Conclusion: there was a racial inequity in the occurrence of toothache among individuals who managed to make use of dental services throughout the follow-ups.
Clinical relevance: The differences found should serve as a warning to the way how individuals with different characteristics are treated and must be used to combat this inequity. Individuals should receive resolute and personalized treatments according to their clinical condition and not according to their socioeconomic characteristics.
Robust Wild Bootstrap Method Based on LMS Estimator with Monte Carlo Simulation in the Presence of Heteroscedasticity Error and Outliers
Authors: Pati Kafi 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This research applies wild bootstrap techniques to a linear regression model with heteroscedasticity and outliers using Monte-Carlo techniques. For this research, the Monte-Carlo method was applied to generate samples of 120 and 200 observations from random samples of sizes 40 that were duplicated three and five times, respectively. However, the stochastic error for different sampling sizes similarly follows a normal distribution and the linear regression model is based on a fixed X variable for varied sample sizes. The regression model was introduced a form of heteroscedasticity to justify how the parameter estimate performed. By replacing a suitable outlier's observation for a good observation, the outliers are generated. The optimal approach was determined by applying the BootWu, BootLiu, RBootWu, and RBootLiu in the presence of outliers and heteroscedasticity errors. The robust location and scale, the wild bootstrap sampling procedure of Wu's and Liu's, and the Least Median Squares (LMS) estimator were combined with the Alamgir redescending M-estimate weighted function to compare this estimator. Using bias, RMSE, and average standard error, the performance of the proposed methods RWBootWu and RWBootLiu is compared to the performance of the current methods RBootWu, RBootLiu, BootWu, and BootLiu. The simulation study's findings show that RWBootWu and RWBootLiu are good alternatives to existing estimators for regression models.
Mathematics Subject Classification
62F35 Robustness and adaptive procedures (parametric inference)
62F40 Bootstrap, jackknife and other resampling methods
62H12 Estimation in multivariate analysis
62J07 Ridge regression; shrinkage estimators (Lasso)
62K25 Robust parameter designs
62K99 None of the above, but in this section
Impact of gastrointestinal inoculation and benznidazole treatment on Trypanosoma cruzi II infection in mice
Authors: Silva Hevillyn Fernanda Lucas da , Sarto Marcella Paula Mansano , de Abreu Ana Paula , Fernandes Nilma de Souza , Trovo João Vitor de Souza , Silva Aline Francieli da , de Souza-Kaneshima Alice Maria , Comar Jurandir Fernando , Toledo Max Jean de Ornelas 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi causes Chagas disease and the most frequent form of transmission of the parasite is the oral route, associated with greater severity and worse response to benznidazole (BZ), the drug used in its treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of gastrointestinal infection (GI) and BZ treatment on the histopathological alterations in mice inoculated with T. cruzi II. Swiss mice were inoculated by GI and intraperitoneal (IP) routes with 2x106 culture-derived metacyclic trypomastigotes of the Y strain (TcII) of T. cruzi and were treated with BZ in the acute phase of the infection. Fresh blood examination, qPCR, histopathological and biochemical evaluations (enzymatic dosages and oxidative stress-OS) were performed. BZ treatment of uninfected animals caused changes in the liver, increased the activity of AST and ALT enzymes and OS, showing that the drug alone affects this organ. Inflammation and necrosis in the cardiac tissue were less intense and deaths occurred later in animals inoculated via the GI route than the animals inoculated via the IP route. BZ reduced the intensity of tissue lesions and avoided lethality in animals inoculated via the GI route, and decreased parasitemia and OS in those inoculated via both routes. Although BZ alone caused liver damage, it was less intense than that caused by both routes of inoculation. Infection with the Y strain of T. cruzi II via the GI route proved to be less virulent and pathogenic and responded better to treatment than the infection acquired via the IP route.
Rheological properties of binary mixtures of Lepidium perfoliatum seed gum and xanthan gum
Authors: Yousefi Alireza , Ako Komla , Hosseinzadeh Ghader , Khodabakhshaghdam Shahla 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
In this work, viscoelasticity, flow behaviour, thixotropy and thermo-rheological properties of binary mixtures of Lepidium perfoliatum seed gum (LPSG), as an emerging food gum, and xanthan gum (XG) at various blending ratios of 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 0:100 was studied for a depth insight into their interaction. FTIR analyses were also done to investigate the interaction between the XG and LPSG.
Results
FTIR results indicated the hydrogen bond formation between the hydrocolloids At the linear viscoelastic region (LVE), XG-rich blends exhibited higher tan δLVE and τy, but lower τf. The values of apparent viscosity (ηa) and complex viscosity (η*) diminished with increasing shear rate/frequency, and XG and LPSG individual dispersions showed the greatest and the lowest values, respectively. Based on the extended Cox-Merz rule, a greater shift factor (α) is observed as the ratio of LPSG in the mixed gel increases. At higher fraction of LPSG, except for the fraction of 75%, the thixotropic behaviour appears to be less pronounced. The recovery parameter (R, %) obtained from in-shear structural recovery test decreased with increase in LPSG fraction. The results of non-isothermal kinetic analysis revealed higher thermodynamic incompatibility and immiscibility of LPSG-XG system in the presence of higher XG ratio. Moreover, according to the results of Cole-Cole plot, the greatest compatibility of LPSG and XG blends was for LPSG25-XG75 sample (β = 0.87), whereas the worst miscibility was found to be for LPSG75-XG25 one (β = 1.02).
Conclusions
Different rheological properties could be obtained by blending various ratios of LPSG and XG, which in some ratios synergistic behaviour was observed. The wide variety of rheological properties obtained may be appropriate for the use of LPSG-XG mixtures in food industries, pharmaceutical and biomedical applications.
Pan-carcinogenic analysis of ITGA2 in human tumor carcinogenesis
Authors: Liu YuXin , Li Hua , Yang LiangFang , Shen TingYun , Liu Lei , Deng Wei , Fang GuiHua , Dai Wei 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background: It is very important to understand and explore its carcinogenic effect for the study of effective therapeutic methods. Current studies have shown that ITGA2 plays an important role in some tumors, but it has not been reported in other human cancers, and no systematic pan-cancer analysis has been carried out.
Method: In this study, we used the online databases,for example GEPIA, THE HUMAN PROTEIN Atlas (THPA) , UALCAN, CPTAC and TIMER, to analyze ITGA2 in HUMAN tumors by analyzing TCGA and GEO medium datasets.
Results: Through the analysis of online database, we found that ITGA2 was differentially expressed in many kinds of tumors. There was a significant correlation between the differential expression of OS and DFS in hepatocellular carcinoma and Kidney renal clear cell carcinoma. At the same time, we also compared the degree of methylation between normal tissues and tumor tissues, and found that there were obvious methylation differences, such as liver cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, lung cancer and so on. We also evaluated the association between ITGA2 mutation and prognosis and found no significant association between ITGA2 mutation with OS. In addition, by predicting differences in the expression of ITGA2 in immunotherapy, we found that there were significant differences in the expression of ITGA2 in urothelial carcinoma, and explored the role and significance of ITGA2 in immune infiltration and biological process.
Conclusion: ITGA2 has been shown to play an important role in carcinogenesis in human tumors by pan-cancer analysis.