bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased local concentrations of growth factors from leucocyte‐ and platelet‐rich fibrin do not translate into improved alveolar ridge preservation: An intra‐individual mechanistic randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wang Xuzhu , Fok Melissa R. , Pelekos George , Jin Lijian , Tonetti Maurizio S. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimLeucocyte‐ and platelet‐rich fibrin (L‐PRF) has been tested for enhancing alveolar ridge preservation (ARP), but little is known about the local release profile of growth factors (GF), and the clinical equipoise related to its efficacy remains. This study compared the patterns of GF release, early soft tissue healing, and alveolar ridge resorption following unassisted healing and L‐PRF application in non‐molar extraction sockets.Materials and MethodsAtraumatic tooth extraction of two hopeless teeth per patient was followed by unassisted healing or L‐PRF placement to fill the socket in 18 systemically healthy, non‐smoking subjects. This intra‐individual trial was powered to assess changes in horizontal alveolar ridge dimensions 1 mm below the crest of alveolar bone. GF concentrations in wound fluid were assessed with a multiplex assay at 6, 24, 72, and 168 h. Early healing was evaluated with the wound healing index and changes in soft tissue volumes on serial digital scans. Hard tissue changes were measured on superimposed CBCT images after 5 months of healing.ResultsL‐PRF resulted in higher GF concentrations in wound fluid (WF) than in the control, but no differences in release patterns or time of peak were observed. No inter‐group differences in early healing parameters were observed. Alveolar bone resorption was observed in both groups. No significant inter‐group differences were observed in hard tissue healing 1, 3, or 5 mm apical to the original bone crest or in the ability to digitally plan a prosthetically guided implant with or without bone augmentation.ConclusionsL‐PRF increased the GF concentrations in WF of extraction sockets without shifting the pattern observed in unassisted healing, while the increased delivery did not translate into clinical benefits in early wound healing or ARP. The current findings question the assumption that increased local concentrations of GF by L‐PRF translate into improved clinical outcomes. Additional definitive studies are needed to establish the benefits of L‐PRF in ARP (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03985033).
Safety and efficacy of long‐term tofacitinib treatment in East Asian patients with ulcerative colitis in OCTAVE Open
Authors: Matsuoka Katsuyoshi , Hisamatsu Tadakazu , Kim Hyo Jong , Ye Byong Duk , Arai Shoko , Hoshi Masato , Yuasa Hirotoshi , Tabira Junichi , Toyoizumi Shigeyuki , Shi Nanzhi , Woo Joon‐suk , Hibi Toshifumi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackground and AimTofacitinib is an oral small molecule Janus kinase inhibitor for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). We present safety and efficacy data from patients from East Asia (Japan, Korea, and Taiwan) in OCTAVE Open, an open‐label, long‐term extension study.MethodsPatients in remission at OCTAVE Open baseline received tofacitinib 5 mg twice daily (BID); all others received tofacitinib 10 mg BID. Proportions and IRs (unique patients with events/100 patient‐years) were calculated for adverse events (AEs) of special interest. Efficacy endpoints were evaluated up to 36 months.ResultsIn OCTAVE Open, 105/944 patients were from East Asia (tofacitinib 5 mg BID, n = 22; tofacitinib 10 mg BID, n = 83). Overall, 87.6% and 24.8% of patients had AEs and serious AEs, respectively; IRs (95% CI) for AEs of special interest were herpes zoster (HZ; non‐serious and serious), 6.07 (3.40–10.02); serious infections, 1.47 (0.40–3.76); opportunistic infections, 1.91 (0.62–4.45); major cardiovascular adverse events, 0.37 (0.01–2.04); malignancies (excluding non‐melanoma skin cancer [NMSC]), 0.37 (0.01–2.04); and NMSC, 0.00 (0.00–1.35). No deaths, venous thromboembolic events, or gastrointestinal perforations occurred. At month 36, 68.2% and 54.2% of patients had a clinical response, 68.2% and 53.0% had endoscopic improvement, and 63.6% and 49.4% were in remission with tofacitinib 5 and 10 mg BID, respectively.ConclusionsThe HZ IR in East Asian patients was numerically higher versus the global study population; excluding HZ, tofacitinib safety and efficacy were consistent with the global study population.
Black adolescents’ perceptions of transgressor, victim, and bystander: Thinking through a sexual harassment dilemma
Authors: Kruger Ann Cale , Harris Johari , Zabek Faith , Grant Josephine C. , Meyers Joel 
Published: June 2022

AbstractScant research exists on adolescent thinking about sexual harassment (SH), and even less on Black adolescents’ thinking. We listened to Black students as they thought aloud about a hypothetical SH dilemma. Participants were 7th graders (N = 21, 10 girls, M = 13.2 years, SD = 2.9) who identified as Black or African American. We presented a hypothetical dilemma about a boy who continues to touch a girl despite her request to stop. Participants were asked to take the perspective of each character as well as their own as a bystander. Using reflexive thematic analysis, we identified patterns in responses and two themes. Black girls saw the event as a failed social transaction requiring relationship repair. Black boys saw the dilemma as individual risk taking that could result in punishment. We consider these themes within an intersectional framework and compare them to the more familiar gendered framework used in research. Our findings provide insight into how Black adolescents think about SH and suggest entry points for culturally responsive social and emotional learning (SEL) curricula.
Informality and financial development: A literature review
Authors: Capasso Salvatore , Ohnsorge Franziska , Yu Shu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA large literature has documented an inverse relationship between financial development and the size of the informal economy, with some evidence that the link is non‐monotonic and depends on the institutional environment. The direction of causality, however, remains a matter of debate, making it hard to identify the right policy interventions for better economic outcomes. This paper reviews this literature. Drawing on the theoretical literature, it sketches out the various channels through which financial development can influence firms' choice to operate informally at all or the degree to which they operate informally, or vice versa. In addition, this paper summarizes the empirical evidence that, at the moment, suggests causality running in either direction.
Efficacy and safety of palmitoylethanolamide as an adjunctive treatment for acute mania: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Abedini Talieh , Hosseyni Reyhaneh , Ghannadi Farnaz , Moghaddam Hossein Sanjari , Ardakani Mohammad‐Reza Khodaei , Talaei Ali , Akhondzadeh Shahin 
Published: June 2022

AimPalmitoylethanolamide is an endogenous fatty acid amide with neuroprotective and anti‐inflammatory actions. We performed a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial to investigate the efficacy and safety of palmitoylethanolamide combination therapy in acute mania.MethodsPatients in the acute phase of mania were assigned into two parallel groups given either lithium (blood level of 0.8–1.1 mEq/L) and risperidone 3 mg plus palmitoylethanolamide 600 mg or placebo twice per day for 6 weeks. All participants were assessed with the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), and Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale (ESRS) at baseline and at weeks 1, 2, 4, and 6.ResultsA total of 63 patients (32 in palmitoylethanolamide and 31 in placebo groups) completed the trial. We found a significant effect for time×treatment interaction on the YMRS score (F = 5.22, d.f. = 2.34, P= 0.004) from baseline to study end point. Results from independent t test showed a significantly greater decrease in YMRS scores in the palmitoylethanolamide group, compared with the placebo group, from baseline to weeks 4 and 6 (P= 0.018 and P= 0.002, respectively). There was no significant difference between palmitoylethanolamide and placebo groups based on ESRS scores or ESRS changes in scores (P>0.05).ConclusionsOur findings provide preliminary evidence that palmitoylethanolamide is an effective adjunctive medication that improves manic symptoms and overall clinical status in acute episodes of mania. However, larger sample sizes and more extended follow‐up therapy are needed in future studies to confirm our findings.
Efficacy of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the treatment of children with non‐severe aplastic anemia
Authors: Zhang Man , Zhu Guanghua , Cai Lixiao , Yuan Meng , Wu Runhui , Jia Chenguang , Wang Bin , Zheng Jie , Ma Jie , Qin Maoquan , Li Sidan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundNon‐severe aplastic anemia is more likely to develop into severe aplastic anemia, and there is no widely accepted treatment plan at present. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation might be a new therapeutic strategy.MethodsRetrospectively analyzed 32 patients with non‐severe aplastic anemia who underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from September 2007 to September 2020, and the 5‐year estimated overall survival rate and the incidence of graft‐versus‐host disease were analyzed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the treatment of pediatric non‐severe aplastic anemia.ResultsThirty‐two patients who underwent transplantation, 29 patients (90.6%) survived, 3 patients (9.4%) died. The incidence of acute graft‐versus‐host disease was 51.6% (16/31), including 15 cases (48.4%) of grade I‐II and 1 case (3.2%) of grade III–IV. The incidence of chronic graft‐versus‐host disease was 38.7% (12/31). The 5‐year overall survival rate was 91.8%.ConclusionsHematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a practicable, safe, and effective treatment option for non‐severe aplastic anemia pediatric patients who are suitable for transplant.
Impact of allograft types on outcomes after pediatric liver transplantation due to biliary atresia
Authors: Xie Enbo , Sun Chao , Dong Chong , Wang Kai , Zhang Wei , Zheng Weiping , Qin Hong , Han Chao , Yang Yang , Zhang Fubo , Wang Zhen , Xu Min , Gao Wei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundSeveral surgical strategies, including split donor transplantation and living donor transplantation, have been used to increase the donor liver pool. This report focuses on the effects of whole, split, and LDLT on recipient outcomes.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the records of all patients with biliary atresia at Tianjin First Central Hospital between April 2013 and December 2019.ResultsA total of 882 patients were included and divided into three groups by graft type, with 198 in the whole‐liver‐transplantation group, 78 in the split liver transplantation group, and 606 in the LDLT group. The median follow‐up time was 39 months, patient survival rates of three groups were 94.4%, 88.5%, and 95.0%, respectively, and graft survival rates were 90.2%, 83.3%, and 94.7%, respectively. We divided the split liver transplantation group into two subgroups according to the donor's age, and patient survival rates exhibited a significant difference only in the group whose donor age was over 45 years. The postoperative complication rates were significantly higher with respect to hepatic artery thrombosis, portal stenosis, and AR; and lower in hepatic venous stenosis, PTLDs, CMV virus, and EBV infection in the WLT group. Our multivariate model showed that donor age ≥45 years, RBC transfusion, pneumonia, and HAT were the independent predictors of allograft loss.ConclusionsThe survival of split liver transplantation group was slightly lower. The types of complications are different from different graft types. Therefore, postoperative monitoring and treatment need to be adjusted according to the different graft types used.
Context‐based dynamic pricing with online clustering
Authors: Miao Sentao , Chen Xi , Chao Xiuli , Liu Jiaxi , Zhang Yidong 
Published: June 2022

We consider a context‐based dynamic pricing problem of online products, which have low sales. Sales data from Alibaba, a major global online retailer, illustrate the prevalence of low‐sale products. For these products, existing single‐product dynamic pricing algorithms do not work well due to insufficient data samples. To address this challenge, we propose pricing policies that concurrently perform clustering over product demand and set individual pricing decisions on the fly. By clustering data and identifying products that have similar demand patterns, we utilize sales data from products within the same cluster to improve demand estimation for better pricing decisions. We evaluate the algorithms using regret, and the result shows that when product demand functions come from multiple clusters, our algorithms significantly outperform traditional single‐product pricing policies. Numerical experiments using a real data set from Alibaba demonstrate that the proposed policies, compared with several benchmark policies, increase the revenue. The results show that online clustering is an effective approach to tackling dynamic pricing problems associated with low‐sale products.
Reduction of disinfection efficacy of contact lens care products on the global market in the presence of contact lenses and cases
Authors: Walters Rhonda , Campolo Allison , Miller Elise , Gabriel Manal M , Crary Monica , McAnally Cindy , Shannon Paul 
Published: June 2022

ObjectiveSight-threatening infections can be caused by pathogenic micro-organisms colonising the cornea, leading to microbial keratitis (MK). These micro-organisms can be introduced to the eye via improper contact lens use and care. MK can also result from ineffective contact lens care solutions (CLCs), even if the patient is following best practice guidelines. Therefore, it is critical to understand the differences between the effectiveness of popular CLCs on the global market.Methods and analysisFollowing the International Standards Organisation standards 14 729 and 18259, bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens, Staphylococcus aureus), fungi (Candida albicans, Fusariumstrains) andAcanthamoebastrains were inoculated into each CLC with and without contact lenses, and held for the manufacturer’s stated disinfection time. Plate counts were conducted to determine the number of surviving micro-organisms.ResultsAll CLCs examined met the primary log reduction criteria during stand-alone testing forPseudomonas, Staphylococcus, CandidaandFusarium. renu Multiplus, All Clean Soft, and Kombilösung Super did not meet the primary criteria when challenged withSerratia. Only OPTI-FREE Express exceeded 4 log reduction for both strains ofAcanthamoebatested. We noted a substantial reduction in disinfection efficacy when CLCs were challenged withFusariumin the presence of lenses and cases versus stand-alone testing. OPTI-FREE Express demonstrated significantly less net log reduction loss than the other four CLCs tested.ConclusionOf the popular CLCs on the global market, the product which relies on dual biocides polyquaternium-1 and myristamidopropyl dimethylamine demonstrated the highest disinfection efficacy in microbial disinfection challenges in the absence and presence of contact lenses.
Exploring children’s knowledge of COVID-19 and stress levels associated with the pandemic in Nigeria: a mixed-method study
Authors: Asemota Osamagbe Aiyudubie , Napier-Raman Sharanya , Takeuchi Hajime , Raman Shanti , Asemota Enosakhare Aiyudubie , Nonye Ezeh 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundChildren have been relatively spared from the direct effects of COVID-19 globally, but there are significant concerns about indirect effects on the most vulnerable children’s well-being. Nigeria is the largest African nation, but little is known about children’s experience of the COVID-19 pandemic. Our aims were to determine children’s knowledge of COVID-19 and their mental health responses to the pandemic.MethodsChildren aged 6–17 years living in Calabar, Nigeria, were surveyed using a combination of online data collection assisted by parents and on-site data collection at schools. Parents filled out sociodemographic details, while children answered questions about COVID-19 knowledge and preventive measures. An adapted version of the ‘Perceived Stress Scale for Children’ was used to assess stress with additional free text space for expression of views and experiences of COVID-19.ResultsA total of 265 children completed questionnaires, mean age was 12.5 years, 52.1% were girls. All children knew about the virus and over two-thirds (67.8%) had good knowledge of COVID-19 transmission. Children identified television (60.8%), parents (44.2%) and social media (32.8%), as main sources of COVID-19 information. The overall mean stress score among the children was 20.47. Children mentioned the following as stressors: fear of the COVID-19 disease, effect of pandemic restrictions on schooling and social interactions as well as home/family tensions. Parental love and support were overwhelmingly reported as strengths.ConclusionsNigerian children in this study had good knowledge and understanding of the COVID-19 pandemic and preventive measures to counter the virus. Children had high stress levels and expressed pandemic-related concerns but parental love and support were mitigating factors. Government and child health service providers need to tailor health and support services in response to children’s needs and concerns.
PD-L1 blockade restores CAR T cell activity through IFN-γ-regulation of CD163+ M2 macrophages
Authors: Yamaguchi Yukiko , Gibson Jackson , Ou Kevin , Lopez Lupita S , Ng Rachel H , Leggett Neena , Jonsson Vanessa D , Zarif Jelani C , Lee Peter P , Wang Xiuli , Martinez Catalina , Dorff Tanya B , Forman Stephen J , Priceman Saul J 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundThe immune suppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) that inhibits T cell infiltration, survival, and antitumor activity has posed a major challenge for developing effective immunotherapies for solid tumors. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered T cell therapy has shown unprecedented clinical response in treating patients with hematological malignancies, and intense investigation is underway to achieve similar responses with solid tumors. Immunologically cold tumors, including prostate cancers, are often infiltrated with abundant tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), and infiltration of CD163+M2 macrophages correlates with tumor progression and poor responses to immunotherapy. However, the impact of TAMs on CAR T cell activity alone and in combination with TME immunomodulators is unclear.MethodsTo model this in vitro, we utilized a novel co-culture system with tumor cells, CAR T cells, and polarized M1 or M2 macrophages from CD14+peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected from healthy human donors. Tumor cell killing, T cell activation and proliferation, and macrophage phenotypes were evaluated by flow cytometry, cytokine production, RNA sequencing, and functional blockade of signaling pathways using antibodies and small molecule inhibitors. We also evaluated the TME in humanized mice following CAR T cell therapy for validation of our in vitro findings.ResultsWe observed inhibition of CAR T cell activity with the presence of M2 macrophages, but not M1 macrophages, coinciding with a robust induction of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) in M2 macrophages. We observed similar PD-L1 expression in TAMs following CAR T cell therapy in the TME of humanized mice. PD-L1, but not programmed cell death protein-1, blockade in combination with CAR T cell therapy altered phenotypes to more M1-like subsets and led to loss of CD163+M2 macrophages via interferon-γ signaling, resulting in improved antitumor activity of CAR T cells.ConclusionThis study reveals an alternative mechanism by which the combination of CAR T cells and immune checkpoint blockade modulates the immune landscape of solid tumors to enhance therapeutic efficacy of CAR T cells.
Addressing the challenges restoring clinical services during the COVID-19 pandemic by harnessing the alignment of clinical and management leadership: an example from a large colorectal service
Authors: Tilney Henry Simon , Vaughan Sally , Ho Timothy 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has posed the greatest operational challenge to the English National Health Service since its inception. Elective surgical services have struggled due to the need to protect both staff and patients from viral exposure, and perioperative COVID-19 infection has been associated with significant excess mortality.InterventionsIn this brief report, we describe how through necessity, it has provided an opportunity to redesign services for the benefit of both patients and organisations, with attendant improvement in activity compared with prepandemic metrics. We present the experience of a large district general hospital, using the department of colorectal surgery as a case study, in responding to the pandemic by restoring services and achieving improved short-term outcomes and processes in newly redesignated facilities.ConclusionsThese reorganised surgical services represent a ‘silver lining’ of the pandemic. Clinician-led service restructuring, with positive engagement with staff at all levels, has not only addressed backlogs of urgent elective patients in a safe environment, but has also led to patient benefits and high levels of patient and staff satisfaction.
Occupational hand eczema reduces career length in hairdressers: a prospective cohort study of Danish hairdressers graduating from 1985 to 2007
Authors: Havmose Martin , Thyssen Jacob Pontoppidan , Zachariae Claus , Uter Wolfgang , Johansen Jeanne Duus 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundOccupational hand eczema (OHE) is common in hairdressers, and many leave the trade because of the disease. However, the exact impact of OHE on career length is unknown.ObjectiveTo assess the effect of OHE on career length and risk factors associated with leaving the trade because of OHE in hairdressers followed-up for up to 35 years.MethodsA prospective cohort study of Danish hairdressers graduating between 1985 and 2007 (n=5219) was performed. A questionnaire was sent in 2009 and 2020. The Danish Labor Marked Supplementary Pension Scheme provided information on affiliation to the hairdressing profession. Career length was assessed by Kaplan-Meier analyses.ResultsThe median survival time was 12.0 (95% CI 11.0 to 13.0) years in graduates with OHE and 14.0 (95% CI 12.6 to 15.4) years in graduates without OHE (p<0.001). Graduates with a frequency of hand eczema (HE) of ‘once’, ‘several times’ and ‘almost all the time’ had a median survival time of 20.0 (95% CI 14.6 to 25.4), 12.0 (95% CI 10.7 to 13.3) and 7.0 (95% CI 5.6 to 8.4) years, respectively. Graduates with OHE that left the trade (partly) because of HE constituted 11.7% of the study population. Factors associated with leaving the trade because of HE included a history of atopic dermatitis (adjusted OR (aOR) 2.2 (95% CI 1.2 to 4.0), a history of a positive patch test (aOR 5.1 (95% CI 2.3 to 11.0) and allergy to hair dyes (aOR 9.4 (95% CI 3.4 to 25.6).ConclusionCareer length is reduced in hairdressers with OHE, especially if frequently relapsing or caused by contact allergy, for example, to hair dyes.