bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Causal Association between Chronic Kidney Disease and Risk of 19 Site-Specific Cancers: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Tang Lei , Li Chunyang , Chen Wenwen , Zeng Yu , Yang Huazhen , Hu Yao , Song Huan , Zeng Xiaoxi , Li Qiu , Fu Ping 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground:Results of previous observational studies examining the risk of cancer among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are conflicting. We here explore the causal relationship between estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and albuminuria, two principal measurements of CKD, and 19 site-specific cancers using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.Methods:Single-nucleotide polymorphisms reported to be strongly correlated with eGFR and albuminuria in recent large genome-wide association studies were used as instrumental variables to investigate the causal relationship with cancer using summary-level statistics from several cancer-specific consortia, as well as data of 347,408 participants in the UK Biobank and 260,405 participants in the FinnGen.Results:Our data showed that impaired kidney function was associated with higher odds of leukemia [OR = 1.23; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.06–1.43; P = 0.007], cervical cancer (OR = 1.22; 95% CI, 1.04–1.43; P = 0.017), and female renal cell carcinoma (OR = 1.4; 95% CI, 1.12–1.77; P = 0.004), per 10% decrease in eGFR. The ORs were 1.21 (95% CI, 1.07–1.36; P = 0.002) for colorectal cancer and 0.76 (95% CI, 0.62–0.92; P = 0.006) for non–Hodgkin lymphoma, per doubling odds of albuminuria. In multivariable MR, effect sizes of eGFR–cervical cancer remained strong after adjusting for confounders.Conclusions:The current study indicates that progression of CKD contributes to carcinogenesis of renal cell carcinoma, leukemia, cervical, and colorectal cancer.Impact:The potential association of kidney function and albuminuria with certain cancers warrants further investigation in order to provide appropriate recommendations regarding cancer screening among patients with CKD.
A Genome-Wide Gene-Based Gene–Environment Interaction Study of Breast Cancer in More than 90,000 Women
Authors: Wang Xiaoliang , Chen Hongjie , Kapoor Pooja Middha , Su Yu-Ru , Bolla Manjeet K. , Dennis Joe , Dunning Alison M. , Lush Michael , Wang Qin , Michailidou Kyriaki , Pharoah Paul D.P. , Hopper John L. , Southey Melissa C. , Koutros Stella , Freeman Laura E. Beane , Stone Jennifer , Rennert Gad , Shibli Rana , Murphy Rachel A. , Aronson Kristan , Guénel Pascal , Truong Thérèse , Teras Lauren R. , Hodge James M. , Canzian Federico , Kaaks Rudolf , Brenner Hermann , Arndt Volker , Hoppe Reiner , Lo Wing-Yee , Behrens Sabine , Mannermaa Arto , Kosma Veli-Matti , Jung Audrey , Becher Heiko , Giles Graham G. , Haiman Christopher A. , Maskarinec Gertraud , Scott Christopher , Winham Stacey , Simard Jacques , Goldberg Mark S. , Zheng Wei , Long Jirong , Troester Melissa A. , Love Michael I. , Peng Cheng , Tamimi Rulla , Eliassen Heather , García-Closas Montserrat , Figueroa Jonine , Ahearn Thomas , Yang Rose , Evans D. Gareth , Howell Anthony , Hall Per , Czene Kamila , Wolk Alicja , Sandler Dale P. , Taylor Jack A. , Swerdlow Anthony J. , Orr Nick , Lacey James V. , Wang Sophia , Olsson Håkan , Easton Douglas F. , Milne Roger L. , Hsu Li , Kraft Peter , Chang-Claude Jenny , Lindström Sara 
Published: March 2022

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified more than 200 susceptibility loci for breast cancer, but these variants explain less than a fifth of the disease risk. Although gene–environment interactions have been proposed to account for some of the remaining heritability, few studies have empirically assessed this.We obtained genotype and risk factor data from 46,060 cases and 47,929 controls of European ancestry from population-based studies within the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC). We built gene expression prediction models for 4,864 genes with a significant (P &lt; 0.01) heritable component using the transcriptome and genotype data from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project. We leveraged predicted gene expression information to investigate the interactions between gene-centric genetic variation and 14 established risk factors in association with breast cancer risk, using a mixed-effects score test.After adjusting for number of tests using Bonferroni correction, no interaction remained statistically significant. The strongest interaction observed was between the predicted expression of the C13orf45 gene and age at first full-term pregnancy (PGXE = 4.44 × 10−6).In this transcriptome-informed genome-wide gene–environment interaction study of breast cancer, we found no strong support for the role of gene expression in modifying the associations between established risk factors and breast cancer risk.Our study suggests a limited role of gene–environment interactions in breast cancer risk.
International Trade Liberalization and Domestic Institutional Reform: Effects of WTO Accession on Chinese Internal Migration Policy
Authors: Tian Yuan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Economic institutions that impede factor mobility become more costly when an economy experiences substantial transitions such as trade liberalization. I study how trade triggers changes in labor institutions that regulate internal migration in the context of China’s Hukou system. Using a newly collected dataset on prefecture-level migration policies, I document an increase in promigrant regulations following WTO entry and estimate the impact of prefecture-level tariffs on exports on migration regulations from 2001 to 2007. I find that regions facing more export market liberalization enacted more migrant-friendly regulations.
Aging, Secular Stagnation, and the Business Cycle
Authors: Jones Callum 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
By the end of 2019, U.S. output was 14% below the level predicted by its pre-2008 trend. To understand why, I develop and estimate a model of the United States with demographics, real and monetary shocks, and the occasionally binding zero lower bound on nominal rates. Demographic shocks generate slow-moving trends in interest rates, employment, and productivity. Demographics alone can explain about 40% of the gap between log output per capita and its linear trend by 2019. By lowering interest rates, demographic changes caused the zero lower bound to bind after the Great Recession, contributing to the slow recovery.
A Statistical Analysis of Total Lightning Flashes and Peak Current from High-Resolution ENTLN Measurements in South China during 2017
Authors: Zou Qiangli , Cui Xiaopeng , Zhang Da-Lin , Zheng Dong , Chen Lyuwen 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this study, the spatiotemporal characteristics of total lightning, including cloud-to-ground (CG) and intracloud (IC), flashes and the peak current of CG flashes are investigated using the observations from the Earth Networks Total Lightning Network (ENTLN) during 2017 over Guangdong Province, China, and its adjacent offshore regions, which are the capital of lightning activity and convective rainfall in China. The ENTLN detects 2 825 558 IC and 569 104 CG flashes, accounting for 83.2% and 16.8% of annual-total lightning flashes, respectively, and they are distributed during 224 lightning days or 3316 lightning hours over the regions. The lightning activity peaks in June (IC) and July (CG) with a diurnal peak at 1500 LST. On average, about 70 lightning days with 20 flashes per kilometer squared per year occur inland, and double that many occur offshore. High lightning days and flash density are found in the central and southwestern mountainous region and the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay area, where convective activity is high. An analysis of the CG observations reveals that negative CG (NCG) produce an average of 1.96 strokes, with 5% of them having more than six return strokes. The peak currents of NCG strokes increase with increasing multiplicity. Results also show that the peak current and accumulated value of NCG flashes are the appropriate indicators to characterize the intensity of lightning activity in terms of spatiotemporal variations, especially in the mountainous region. It is concluded that IC observations provide more distinct spatial distribution of lightning activity than CG flashes; and those appropriate indicators should be used to represent the peak current of multistroke NCG flashes.
Validation of the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma Organ Injury Scale for Penetrating Colon Injuries
Authors: Zeineddin Ahmad , Crandall Marie , Tominaga Gail T. , Kozar Rosemary A. 
Published: March 2022

In 2020, the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) published a revision of the organ injury scale (OIS) for bowel injuries. The update included for the first time a separate OIS for penetrating colon injuries as well as imaging criteria. To validate the new OIS and its correlation with outcomes, we performed a retrospective review of patients with penetrating colon injuries (AIS<3 in other body regions) between 2016 and 2020 at a single institution. Sixty-six patients met inclusion criteria. Most were young (29 years median) and male (90%). All underwent operative intervention and 23 (34%) had pre-operative imaging. Imaging grade was higher than operative grade in 11 patients (48%). Higher AAST operative grade was associated with a higher likelihood of resection and anastomosis or colostomy, need for damage control laparotomy, and development of intra-abdominal abscess and acute kidney injury. A multicenter study is underway to confirm these findings.
Atogepant – an orally-administered CGRP antagonist – attenuates activation of meningeal nociceptors by CSD
Authors: Strassman Andrew M , Melo-Carrillo Agustin , Houle Timothy T , Adams Aubrey , Brin Mitchell F , Burstein Rami 
Published: March 2022

Background This study investigated the mechanism of action of atogepant, a small-molecule CGRP receptor antagonist recently approved for the preventive treatment of episodic migraine, by assessing its effect on activation of mechanosensitive C- and Aδ-meningeal nociceptors following cortical spreading depression. Methods Single-unit recordings of trigeminal ganglion neurons (32 Aδ and 20 C-fibers) innervating the dura was used to document effects of orally administered atogepant (5 mg/kg) or vehicle on cortical spreading depression-induced activation in anesthetized male rats. Results Bayesian analysis of time effects found that atogepant did not completely prevent the activation of nociceptors at the tested dose, but it significantly reduced response amplitude and probability of response in both the C- and the Aδ-fibers at different time intervals following cortical spreading depression induction. For C-fibers, the reduction in responses was significant in the early phase (first hour), but not delayed phase of activation, whereas in Aδ-fibers, significant reduction in activation was apparent in the delayed phase (second and third hours) but not early phase of activation. Conclusions These findings identify differences between the actions of atogepant, a small molecule CGRP antagonist (partially inhibiting both Aδ and C-fibers) and those found previously for fremanezumab, a CGRP-targeted antibody (inhibiting Aδ fibers only) and onabotulinumtoxinA (inhibiting C-fibers only)- suggesting that these agents differ in their mechanisms for the preventive treatment of migraine.
Clinical analysis of 30 cases of cardiac cephalalgia
Authors: Xu Jia , Mao Ningning , Wang Chengze , Feng Jilun , Lian Yajun 
Published: March 2022

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of cardiac cephalalgia and determine whether there is a more suitable alternative criterion. Method Patients with cardiac cephalalgia diagnosed and treated from May 2019 to April 2021 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Zhengzhou, China) were prospectively and consecutively collected, their clinical manifestations were analyzed, and compared with the 2018 diagnostic criteria. Results A total of 30 patients were collected, including 16 males and 14 females. The onset age ranged from 31 to 84 years old, with a mean of 64.6 ± 11.9 years. Headache was more common in unilateral or bilateral frontotemporal, and the nature of pain includes pulsating, dull, stuffy pain, throbbing and so on. 80.0% were moderate to severe, 70% lasted less than half an hour, 76.6% had chest pain, 70% had chest tightness, 63.3% had sweating, and 36.6% had nausea. After treatment with drugs or coronary angiogenesis, except for one death, headache was fully or partially relieved in 29 patients. Conclusion Cardiac cephalalgia is generally located in frontotemporal region, of moderate or severe intensity, with a pulsating or throbbing sensation, abating within 30 minutes, and has a good prognosis. Accompanying chest pain, chest tightness, and sweating should be included in the diagnostic criteria.
Reduction in migraine-associated burden after eptinezumab treatment in patients with chronic migraine
Authors: McAllister Peter , Kudrow David , Cady Roger , Hirman Joe , Ettrup Anders 
Published: March 2022

Objective To examine changes in the occurrence, severity, and symptoms of headache episodes in patients with chronic migraine following eptinezumab treatment. Methods PROMISE-2 was a double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial that randomized adults with chronic migraine to eptinezumab 100 mg, 300 mg, or placebo IV every 12 weeks for up to 24 weeks (2 infusions). Headache episodes (migraine and non-migraine) and their characteristics were reported in daily electronic diaries during the 28-day baseline and throughout the 24-week treatment period. Results A total of 1072 patients were included in this post hoc analysis. Mean monthly headache days decreased by 8.9 (100 mg) and 9.7 (300 mg) compared to a 7.3 decrease in placebo over the first 4-week interval post initial dose and reductions were maintained throughout the 24-week treatment period. Mean monthly headache episodes also decreased by 8.4 (100 mg) and 9.0 (300 mg) compared to a decrease of 7.1 with placebo. The proportion of headache episodes that were migraine attacks decreased by 11.2% (100 mg), 12.4% (300 mg), and 3.9% (placebo), and among remaining headaches decreases in severe pain, nausea, phonophobia, photophobia, and physical activity limitations were numerically greater than placebo. Conclusions Patients with chronic migraine treated with eptinezumab decreased the monthly severity and frequency of headache days and episodes more than placebo. Beyond decreased headache frequency, patients treated with eptinezumab reported a reduction in the percent of remaining headache episodes that were migraine attacks, as well as a decrease in burdensome symptoms of headache episodes, indicating additional decreased headache severity after eptinezumab treatment. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02974153; registered November 23, 2016.
Toxicity of benzyl benzoate as a food additive and pharmaceutical agent
Authors: Kılıç Süloğlu Aysun , Koçkaya Evrim A , Selmanoğlu Güldeniz 
Published: March 2022

Benzyl benzoate (BB), one of the benzyl derivates, is a component of brown aromatic resin in cinnamon oil and cough syrups and it is widely used in various fields in the perfume, pharmaceutical, and food industries. It is absorbed and hydrolyzed to benzoic acid and benzyl alcohol. Two different doses of BB (25 mg kg-1 body weight and 100 mg kg-1 body weight) were orally administered to 5-week old male rats for 90 days. Histopathological, morphological, hematological, and biochemical assays were performed in toxicological evaluations. Initial/final body weights, relative organ weights, and food and water consumptions of rats did not change significantly. There were statistically significant differences in terms of monocyte, neutrophil, lymphocyte %, and serum AST levels in control and BB treatment groups. Several histopathological findings were observed in liver, kidney, thymus, prostate, and epididymis tissues of the rats in the treatment groups. Immunohistochemical examinations were also performed in the tissues for fibronectin (FN), type IV collagen, transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2). Alterations in immunolocalization of these markers were observed between the control and the treatment groups. No changes were detected in the sperm count, daily sperm production, and sperm morphology.
Effects of Soy Milk in Conjunction With Resistance Training on Physical Performance and Skeletal Muscle Regulatory Markers in Older Men
Authors: Bijeh Nahid , Mohammadnia-Ahmadi Mohsen , Hooshamnd-Moghadam Babak , Eskandari Mozhgan , Golestani Fateme 
Published: March 2022

Purpose: We aimed to determine the effects of 12 weeks of soy milk consumption combined with resistance training (RT) on body composition, physical performance, and skeletal muscle regulatory markers in older men. Methods: In this randomized clinical trial study, 60 healthy elderly men (age = 65.63 ± 3.16 years) were randomly assigned to four groups: resistance training (RT; n =  15), soy milk consumption (SMC; n  =  15), resistance training + soy milk (RSM; n = 15), and control (CON; n  =  15) groups. The study was double-blind for the soy milk/placebo. Participants in RT and RSM groups performed resistance training (3 times/week) for 12 weeks. Participants in the SMC and RSM groups consumed 240 mL of soy milk daily. Body composition [body mass (BM), body fat percent (BFP), waist-hip ratio (WHR), and fat mass (FM)], physical performance [upper body strength (UBS), lower body strength (LBS), VO2max, upper anaerobic power, lower anaerobic power, and handgrip strength], and serum markers [follistatin, myostatin, myostatin-follistatin ratio (MFR), and growth and differentiation factor 11 (GDF11)] were evaluated before and after interventions. Results: All 3 interventions significantly (p < 0.05) increased serum follistatin concentrations (RT = 1.7%, SMC = 2.9%, RSM = 7.8%) and decreased serum myostatin (RT = −1.3% SMC = −5.4%, RSM = −0.5%) and GDF11 concentrations (RT = −1.4%, SMC = −1.4%, RSM = -9.0%), and MFR (RT = −2.6%, SMC = −3.2%, RSM = −12%). In addition, we observed significant reduction in all 3 intervention groups in BFP (RT = −3.6%, SMC = −1.4%, RSM = −6.0%), WHR (RT = −2.2%, SMC = −2.1%, RSM = −4.3%), and FM (RT = −9.6%, SMC = −3.8%, RSM = −11.0%). Moreover, results found significant increase only in RT and RSM groups for muscle mass (RT = 3.8% and RSM = 11.8%), UBS (RT = 10.9% and RSM = 21.8%), LBS (RT = 4.3% and RSM = 7.8%), upper anaerobic power (RT = 7.8% and RSM = 10.3%), and lower anaerobic power (RT = 4.6% and RSM = 8.9%). Handgrip strength were significantly increased in all 3 intervention groups (RT = 7.0%, SMC = 6.9%, RSM = 43.0%). VO2max significantly increased only in RSM (1.7%) after 12 weeks of intervention. Additionally, significant differences were observed between the changes for all variables in the RSM group compared to RT, SMC, and CON groups (p < 0.05). Conclusions: There were synergistic effects of soy milk and RT for skeletal muscle regulatory markers, body composition, and physical performance. Results of the present study support the importance of soy milk in conjunction with RT for older men.
Emergency medical care for multiple sclerosis: A five-year population study in the Campania Region (South Italy)
Authors: Moccia Marcello , Affinito Giuseppina , Ronga Bruno , Giordana Roberta , Fumo Maria Grazia , Lanzillo Roberta , Petracca Maria , Carotenuto Antonio , Triassi Maria , Brescia Morra Vincenzo , Palladino Raffaele 
Published: March 2022

Background: Emergency hospital admissions are common in multiple sclerosis (MS), and can highlight unmet medical needs. Objectives: To evaluate burden, predictors and outcomes of MS emergency admissions. Methods: This is a population-based study, conducted in the Campania Region (South Italy) from 2015 to 2019, using hospital discharge records, drug prescriptions and outpatients. The risk of emergency hospital admissions and the likelihood of worse outcomes were evaluated using the Cox regression and multinomial logistic regression models, respectively, in relation to age, sex, disease-modifying treatments (DMTs), comorbidities and adherence. Results: We recorded 1225 emergency admissions for 1001 patients (out of 5765 prevalent MS patients), overall costing 4,143,764.67 EUR. The risk of emergency admissions increased with age (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.02; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.01, 1.03; p < 0.01) and comorbidities (HR = 1.62; p < 0.01), and decreased in patients using DMTs (interferon beta/peg-interferon beta/glatiramer acetate HR = 0.19; p < 0.01; teriflunomide/dimethyl-fumarate/fingolimod HR = 0.18; p < 0.01, and alemtuzumab/cladribine/natalizumab/ocrelizumab HR = 0.21; p < 0.01), and with higher adherence (HR = 0.18; 95% CI = 0.13, 0.26; p < 0.01). Following emergency admission, older age was associated with probability of death ( n = 63) (odds ratio (OR) = 1.06; p < 0.01) and discharge to long-term facility ( n = 65) (OR = 1.03; p = 0.01). Conclusion: With 17% people with MS requiring emergency medical care over 5 years, improved management of DMTs and comorbidities could potentially reduce their medical, social and financial burden.
Influence of emotional intelligence on glycemic control in adolescents with diabetes type 1
Authors: Baszyńska–Wilk Marta , Wysocka-Mincewicz Marta , Pietrusińska-Nunziati Joanna , Świercz Anna , Moszczyńska Elżbieta , Szalecki Mieczysław 
Published: March 2022

Introduction Psychological factors can have a significant impact on diabetes control. We aimed to evaluate the correlation between emotional intelligence and glycemic control in type one diabetes (T1D) adolescents. Material and methods This prospective study enrolled 97 consecutive children admitted to our department and aged 15 to 17 with T1D. The Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire INTE was used to measure emotional intelligence. The results were correlated with a glycemic control status, measured by current and mean (since the diagnosis of T1D, minimum four tests per year) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). An additional questionnaire collected the demographic and social data. Results Our study found a significant, negative correlation between HbA1c level and the ability to utilize emotions to support thinking and actions (Factor I of the INTE questionnaire). There was no significant correlation between emotional intelligence General Score or Factor II (the ability to recognize emotions) and glycemic control. Conclusions A higher ability to utilize emotions to support thinking and actions positively correlates with metabolic control in the adolescent population with T1D. The appropriate emotional intelligence training and better psychological care may improve the metabolic outcomes of children with T1D. This merits further study.