bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of aryldifluoromethyl aryl ethers via nickel-catalyzed suzuki cross-coupling between aryloxydifluoromethyl bromides and boronic acids
Authors: Lu Heng , Xiao Ruo-Xuan , Shi Chang-Yun , Song Zi-Lan , Lin Hou-Wen , Zhang Ao 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAs a unique organofluorine fragment, gem-difluoromethylated motifs have received widespread attention. Here, a convenient and efficient synthesis of aryldifluoromethyl aryl ethers (ArCF2OAr’) was established via Nickel-catalyzed aryloxydifluoromethylation with arylboronic acids. This approach features easily accessible starting materials, good tolerance of functionalities, and mild reaction conditions. Diverse late-stage difluoromethylation of many pharmaceuticals and natural products were readily realized. Notably, a new difluoromethylated PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitor was conveniently synthesized and showed both improved metabolic stability and enhanced antitumor efficacy. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggested the involvement of a Ni(I/III) catalytic cycle.
Kibble-Zurek mechanism for nonequilibrium phase transitions in driven systems with quenched disorder
Authors: Reichhardt C. J. O. , del Campo A. , Reichhardt C. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe show that the Kibble-Zurek mechanism applies to nonequilibrium phase transitions found in driven assemblies of superconducting vortices and colloids moving over quenched disorder where a transition occurs from a plastic disordered flowing state to a moving anisotropic crystal. We measure the density of topological defects as a function of quench rate through the nonequilibrium phase transition, and find that on the ordered side of the transition, the topological defect density ρd scales as a power law, $${\rho }_{{{{{{{{\rm{d}}}}}}}}}\propto 1/{t}_{{{{{{{{\rm{q}}}}}}}}}^{\beta }$$

ρ

d

∝
1
/

t

q

β

, where tq is the quench time duration, consistent with the Kibble-Zurek mechanism. We show that scaling with the same exponent holds for varied strengths of quenched disorder and that the exponents fall in the directed percolation universality class. Our results suggest that the Kibble-Zurek mechanism can be applied to the broader class of systems that exhibit absorbing phase transitions.
Single-cell analysis of the aging female mouse hypothalamus
Authors: Hajdarovic Kaitlyn H. , Yu Doudou , Hassell Lexi-Amber , Evans Shane A. , Packer Sarah , Neretti Nicola , Webb Ashley E. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAlterations in metabolism, sleep patterns, body composition and hormone status are all key features of aging. While the hypothalamus is a well-conserved brain region that controls these homeostatic and survival-related behaviors, little is known about the intrinsic features of hypothalamic aging. Here, we perform single-nuclei RNA sequencing of 40,064 hypothalamic nuclei from young and aged female mice. We identify cell type-specific signatures of aging in neuronal subtypes as well as astrocytes and microglia. We uncover changes in cell types critical for metabolic regulation and body composition and in an area of the hypothalamus linked to cognition. Our analysis also reveals an unexpected female-specific feature of hypothalamic aging: the master regulator of X inactivation, Xist, is elevated with age, particularly in hypothalamic neurons. Moreover, using machine learning, we show that levels of X chromosome genes and Xist itself, can accurately predict cellular age. This study identifies critical cell-specific changes of the aging hypothalamus in mammals and uncovers a potential marker of neuronal aging in females.
A novel high‐frequency floating resonant gate driver with reduced gate driving loss
Authors: Gu Cheng , Qian Qinsong , Wang Yanting , Ding Song , Zhou Ziyan , Dong Tianhao , Sun Weifeng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractConventional resistive gate driving circuits suffer from significant recovery gate driving losses, especially at MHz ranges. The increasing gate driving losses brought by high switching frequency place a limitation to the high power density converter design. This paper proposes a novel floating resonant gate driver which maintains high efficiency at several megahertz operating frequency. The gate loss reduction is achieved by adopting a resonant process with driving power recycling. Part of the gate driving power can be recycled to a gate driving capacitor in the gate driving loop during charging and discharging. The proposed gate driver merges the merits of fast switching speed and low gate driving losses. A prototype of LLC power converter with the proposed floating resonant gate driver operating at 3.5 MHz is implemented. According to the experimental verification, the proposed gate driver realized a driving loss reduction by 70% and theoretical analysis is in good agreement with experimental results.
Large Interferometer For Exoplanets (LIFE)
Authors: Alei Eleonora , Konrad Björn S. , Angerhausen Daniel , Grenfell John Lee , Mollière Paul , Quanz Sascha P. , Rugheimer Sarah , Wunderlich Fabian ,   the LIFE Collaboration
Published: July 2022

Context.An important future goal in exoplanetology is to detect and characterize potentially habitable planets. Concepts for future space missions have already been proposed: from a large UV-optical-infrared space mission for studies in reflected light, to the Large Interferometer for Exoplanets (LIFE) for analyzing the thermal portion of the planetary spectrum. Using nulling interferometry, LIFE will allow us to constrain the radius and effective temperature of (terrestrial) exoplanets, as well as provide unique information about their atmospheric structure and composition.Aims.We explore the potential of LIFE for characterizing emission spectra of Earth at various stages of its evolution. This allows us (1) to test the robustness of Bayesian atmospheric retrieval frameworks when branching out from a modern Earth scenario while still remaining in the realm of habitable (and inhabited) exoplanets, and (2) to refine the science requirements for LIFE for the detection and characterization of habitable, terrestrial exoplanets.Methods.We performed Bayesian retrievals on simulated spectra of eight different scenarios, which correspond to cloud-free and cloudy spectra of four different epochs of the evolution of the Earth. Assuming a distance of 10 pc and a Sun-like host star, we simulated observations obtained with LIFE using its simulator LIFEsim,considering all major astrophysical noise sources.Results.With the nominal spectral resolution(R= 50) and signal-to-noise ratio (assumed to be S/N = 10 at 11.2 μm), we can identify the main spectral features of all the analyzed scenarios (most notably CO2, H2O, O3, and CH4). This allows us to distinguish between inhabited and lifeless scenarios. Results suggest that O3 and CH4in particular yield an improved abundance estimate by doubling the S/N from 10 to 20. Neglecting clouds in the retrieval still allows for a correct characterization of the atmospheric composition. However, correct cloud modeling is necessary to avoid biases in the retrieval of the correct thermal structure.Conclusions.From this analysis, we conclude that the baseline requirements for R and S/N are sufficient for LIFE to detect O3and CH4in the atmosphere of an Earth-like planet with an O2abundance of around 2% in volume mixing ratio. Doubling the S/N would allow a clearer detection of these species at lower abundances. This information is relevant in terms of the LIFE mission planning. We also conclude that cloud-free retrievals of cloudy planets can be used to characterize the atmospheric composition of terrestrial habitable planets, but not the thermal structure of the atmosphere. From the inter-model comparison performed, we deduce that differences in the opacity tables (caused by, e.g., a different line wing treatment) may be an important source of systematic errors.
Erhöhung der Sicherheit in der mikrochirurgischen
Brustrekonstruktion – Technik und Technologie
Authors: Bigdeli Amir Khosrow , Momeni Arash , Kneser Ulrich 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungDie mikrochirurgische Rekonstruktion mit freien Lappenplastiken hat sich als
Standardverfahren in der Brustrekonstruktion etabliert. Dabei kann heute mit
Hilfe des freien Gewebetransfers eine natürliche und ästhetisch
anspruchsvolle Rekonstruktion der weiblichen Brust auch nach modifizierter
radikaler Mastektomie und Bestrahlung erreicht werden. In den letzten
Jahrzehnten wurden die mikrochirurgischen Techniken weitgehend standardisiert.
Zahlreiche neue Entnahmestellen und Lappenplastiken wurden beschrieben, die
entsprechend der lokalen Gewebeverfügbarkeit eine individualisierte
Rekonstruktion mit großer Patientinnenzufriedenheit ermöglichen.
Infolgedessen hat sich der Fokus der mikrochirurgischen Brustrekonstruktion vom
reinen „Lappenüberleben“ hin zur Maximierung des
ästhetischen Ergebnisses auch unter Berücksichtigung der
Hebedefektmorbidität verlagert. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden
aktuelle Entwicklungen auf dem Gebiet mit einem besonderen Fokus auf
Operationstechniken und Technologien, die dazu beitragen, die Sicherheit der
mikrochirurgischen Brustrekonstruktion zu erhöhen, beschrieben.
Electrosynthesis: A Practical Way to Access Highly Reactive Intermediates
Authors: Lam Kevin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractElectrosynthesis is undergoing a renaissance, but it is still far from being considered a standard method within the chemists’ synthetic toolbox. In this article, we will demystify organic electrochemistry by reviewing some practical methodologies developed in our laboratory to prepare highly reactive synthetic intermediates.1	Introduction2	Acyloxy Radicals3	Orthoesters4	Isocyanates5	Isocyanides6	Diazo Compounds7	Conclusion
Assessment of Knowledge of Radiography Students about Personnel Radiation Monitoring Devices and Their Use
Authors: Prajapati Jyoti , Kumar Raushan , Boora Navreet , Sah Niraj K. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background Personnel radiation monitoring equipment monitors the level of exposure to radiation and personnel will have to wear a personnel device for radiation detection while working. Personnel monitoring equipment is usually worn by a worker for 3 months.
Aim This study aims to evaluate the knowledge of radiology students about personnel radiation monitoring devices and their use.
Materials and Methods A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was performed in the College of Paramedical Sciences, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Delhi–Road Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. This questionnaire-based study was performed for the period time of 1 year from June 2020 to May 2021. A validated questionnaire was circulated among undergraduate and postgraduate radiology students.
Result In this study the questionnaire was filled by a total of 140 students who were pursuing bachelor's and master's degree programs, including 61% (86) males and 39% (54) females from the radiology department. According to the data master's knowledge levels are greater than the bachelor's level. The level of knowledge of monitoring devices among MRIT (M.Sc. in Radiology and Imaging Technology) second year (81%) is more than those of MRIT first year (80%), BRIT (B.Sc. in Radiology and Imaging Technology) third year (65%), and BRIT second year (66%).
Conclusion It is concluded that there is a lack of awareness about personnel radiation monitoring systems. The level of knowledge of personnel radiation monitoring devices among students remains at a medium level from the results of our students as it has been concluded that master's knowledge level is greater than the bachelor's level. The level of knowledge of monitoring devices increases with the age of the students and the year completed.
Predictors of 30-Day Pulmonary Complications after Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery Lobectomy
Authors: Holleran Timothy J. , Napolitano Michael A. , Duggan John P. , Peters Alex S. , Amdur Richard L. , Antevil Jared L. , Trachiotis Gregory D. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background Pulmonary complications are the most common adverse event after lung resection, yet few large-scale studies have examined pertinent risk factors after video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) lobectomy. Veterans, older and less healthy compared with nonveterans, represent a cohort that requires further investigation. Our objective is to determine predictors of pulmonary complications after VATS lobectomy in veterans.
Methods A retrospective review was conducted on patients who underwent VATS lobectomy from 2008 to 2018 using the Veterans Affairs Surgical Quality Improvement Program database. Patients were divided into two cohorts based on development of a pulmonary complication within 30 days. Patient characteristics were compared via multivariable analysis to determine clinical predictors associated with pulmonary complication and reported as adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals. Patients with preoperative pneumonia, ventilator dependence, and emergent cases were excluded.
Results In 4,216 VATS lobectomy cases, 480 (11.3%) cases had ≥1 pulmonary complication. Preoperative factors independently associated with pulmonary complication included chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (aOR = 1.37 [1.12–1.69]; p = 0.003), hyponatremia (aOR = 1.50 [1.06–2.11]; p = 0.021), and dyspnea (aOR = 1.33 [1.06–1.66]; p = 0.013). Unhealthy alcohol consumption was associated with pulmonary complication via univariable analysis (17.1 vs. 13.0%; p = 0.016). Cases with pulmonary complication were associated with increased mortality (12.1 vs. 0.8%; p < 0.001) and longer length of stay (12.0 vs. 6.8 days; p < 0.001).
Conclusion This analysis revealed several preoperative factors associated with development of pulmonary complications. It is imperative to optimize pulmonary-specific comorbidities such as COPD or dyspnea prior to VATS lobectomy. However, unhealthy alcohol consumption and hyponatremia were linked with development of pulmonary complication in our analysis and should be addressed prior to VATS lobectomy. Future studies should explore long-term consequences of pulmonary complications.
Awareness and Knowledge of Colorectal Cancer Screening Among Medical Students at the University of Aleppo: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Zayegh Obada , Hmidi Zina Shikh , Nawlo Ahmad A , Al-Mouakeh Ahmad , Amin Basel , Banjah Bassel , Chammout Anwar , Alsayid Muhammad 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of malignancy in Syria. The aim of our study was to assess the awareness and knowledge of CRC and its screening methods among medical students at the University of Aleppo.
Methods A cross-sectional study of medical students at the University of Aleppo was conducted using a self-administered 12-element questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of demographics, awareness of CRC, knowledge of CRC and its screening methods. Awareness of CRC included three questions asking students if they ever heard of CRC and its screening methods. Knowledge of CRC was evaluated through three sets of questions about CRC risk factors, signs and symptoms, and preventative methods. The students were selected randomly during academic lectures. A χ
2 or Fisher's exact tests for categorical variables were used for statistical analysis, as appropriate. A two-sided p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. We stratified students based on pre-clinical versus clinical years and average academic score.
Results A total of 824 students completed the questionnaire. The majority of students were aware of CRC (98.9%) and CRC screening methods (79.8%). Students had poor knowledge of CRC risk factors (16.5% for non-modifiable factors and 11.7% for modifiable factors), signs and symptoms (52.6%), and protective factors (9.9%). Only 31.7% of students were able to identify the appropriate age to initiate screening for average-risk individuals. Clinical students had better awareness and knowledge of CRC and its screening methods. Clinical students with higher academic score showed better awareness and knowledge in some elements.
Conclusion Our study reported high awareness and poor knowledge rates of CRC and its screening methods among medical students at the University of Aleppo. Although clinical students had higher awareness and knowledge of CRC compared to pre-clinical students, the impact of academic score revealed variable results.
Resumption of Antiplatelet Therapy after Major Bleeding
Authors: Geisler Tobias , Poli Sven , Huber Kurt , Rath Dominik , Aidery Parwez , Kristensen Steen D. , Storey Robert F. , Ball Alex , Collet Jean-Philippe , Berg Jurriën ten 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMajor bleeding is a common threat in patients requiring antiplatelet therapy. Timing and intensity with regard to resumption of antiplatelet therapy represent a major challenge in clinical practice. Knowledge of the patient's bleeding risk, defining transient/treatable and permanent/untreatable risk factors for bleeding, and weighing these against thrombotic risk are key to successful prevention of major adverse events. Shared decision-making involving various disciplines is essential to determine the optimal strategy. The present article addresses clinically relevant questions focusing on the most life-threatening or frequently occurring bleeding events, such as intracranial hemorrhage and gastrointestinal bleeding, and discusses the evidence for antiplatelet therapy resumption using individual risk assessment in high-risk cardiovascular disease patients.
Angina Outcomes in Secondhand Smokers: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007–2018
Authors: Chaar Suzanne , Yoon Jeik , Abdulkarim Joud , Villalobos José , Garcia Jeanette , López Castillo Humberto 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objective The aim of the study is to examine the relationship between secondhand smoke (SHS) and angina using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database over a 12-year period.
Methods Self-reported smoking status and cotinine levels were used to identify exposure groups (smokers, nonsmokers, and secondhand smokers), and medical history of angina was also collected via a self-report survey. The association between exposure to SHS and angina was analyzed using odd ratios with 95% confidence intervals calculated using two logistic regression models.
Results The study found that when aggregating data from all 12 years, secondhand smokers are 42.9% significantly more likely to report having experienced angina, while smokers were 97.7% significantly more likely to report having angina compared with nonsmokers.
Conclusions This study is the first of its kind to examine data from a national database over a 12-year period to determine an association between SHS and angina outcomes, thus highlighting the importance of reducing SHS exposure to improve cardiovascular health.
Do subcultures play a role in facilitating academic quality?—A case study of a Saudi higher education institution
Authors: Aldhobaib Meshal Abdulaziz 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study aims to examine the relationship between various subcultures present in a higher education institution and the facilitation and realisation of academic quality criteria. Via a qualitative ethnographic approach consisting of in-depth interviews, observations and document analyses of a single higher education institution, it presents evidence of a type of subgroup (termed the quality subgroup) that has emerged in the targeted academic programmes. This quality subgroup has a positive impact on accomplishing academic quality criteria. In the same vein, the study highlights other types of subgroups that have a negative impact on such criteria. The findings underline a range of theoretical implications relating to organisational culture, subcultures and culture-quality theory and methodology. They also present a range of practical implications, most importantly, how the quality subgroup members work on quality standards and how they succeed in listing their academic programmes for academic accreditation. Finally, the findings of the study shed light on vital features and changes in the Saudi higher education institutions’ working environments (due to critical legal and social changes) that contribute to cultural studies and human resource practices in Saudi organisations. Such practical implications are argued to advance higher education institutions’ policies and management. A comprehensive discussion of the study theory and practical implications is included in the conclusion section.
Monitoring methods influence native predator detectability and inferred occupancy responses to introduced carnivore management
Authors: Jessop Tim S. , Gillespie Graeme R. 
Published: July 2022

Context Management actions that suppress introduced predator densities can benefit the population recovery of native species. Nevertheless, ensuring that predator management produces measurable population-level benefits can be influenced by multiple factors affecting species detection. Monitoring designs using multiple survey methods may perform better than increasing sampling effort with single-method protocols. Aims This study aimed to estimate individual and cumulative detection probabilities and site occupancy estimates from the use of five different monitoring methods to survey a native mesopredator, the lace monitor (Varanus varius). Second, we assessed the effect of lethal red fox (Vulpes vulpes) baiting on lace monitor detection probabilities and site occupancy estimates collected from each monitoring method. Methods Multi-method sampling for Varanus varius occurred at 76 sites across lethal fox baited and non-baited habitats in East Gippsland, Victoria. Bayesian site occupancy models were used to estimate the effects of detection method and fox-baiting treatments on Varanus varius detection probability and site occupancy. Key results Method-specific detection probabilities (P = 0.00–0.12) and site occupancy estimates (Ψ = 0–0.53) varied considerably among methods, but combinations of multi-method monitoring improved lace monitor detection probability (P = 0.11–0.18) and site occupancy (Ψ = 0.87 ± [0.66–0.93]−0.91 ± [0.76–0.97] mean ± [95% credible intervals]) above any single method. However, there was extreme heterogeneity in the size and direction of the introduced predator baiting effect on method-specific lace monitor detection. Three methods (box traps and two different visual search surveys) all indicated lace monitor detection probabilities increased in fox-baited sites. However, sand pads reported a decrease in lace monitor detection at fox-baited sites, whereas pipe traps obtained no detections. Conclusions Combining detection data from all methods led to the inference of a positive fox-baiting effect, albeit with a smaller magnitude and better certainty than that estimated using a reduced method monitoring design, which had fewer detection data after excluding biased detection from sand pads. Implications Using a multi-method monitoring approach improved lace monitor detection and reduced sampling effort. However, depending on sampling methodology, the management effects on lace monitors can change.