bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uncovering the interference from lipid fragments on the qualification and quantification of serum metabolites in matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometric analysis
Authors: Wang Tianze , Hao Yanhong , Chen Suming 
Published: March 2022

RationaleMatrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS) has exhibited great advantages in rapid analysis of metabolites. However, the influence of lipid fragments generated by in‐source fragmentation (ISD) and/or post‐source fragmentation (PSD) on the accurate qualification and quantification of metabolites has not been fully demonstrated.MethodsPhospholipid standards and serum extract were analyzed by MALDI MS with both TiO2 nanoparticle (TiO2NP) and 2,5‐DHB matrices to illustrate the structures of lipid fragments and their influence on the qualitative and quantitative analysis of metabolites in biological samples. Monophasic and biphasic extraction methods were also compared for their efficiency in removing potential interferents.ResultsThe fragment ions derived from the phosphocholine head group of phosphatidylcholines (PC) interfere with peaks of low molecular weight (LMW) metabolites at both the MS and MS2 levels. The biphasic extraction system with methanol/chloroform very efficiently removed the interference from PC fragments, and the metabolites choline and carnitine in serum were directly and accurately quantified by MALDI MS by using this biphasic extraction.ConclusionsThe phospholipids could produce fragment ions through ISD and PSD in MALDI MS with both nanoparticle and organic matrices. The fragments exerted influence on the qualification and qualification of metabolites in serum. By choosing the proper extraction method, the interference from lipid fragments could be efficiently alleviated.
Acute‐on‐chronic pancreatitis complicated with mediastinal pseudocysts and cardiac tamponade: A case report and literature review
Authors: Liao Ying‐Ting , Chiu Nai‐Chi , Chen Chun‐Ku , Su Kang‐Cheng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe clinical course and severity of pancreatitis might vary largely. Pancreatitis‐related thoracic complications might be life‐threatening but frequently ignored. We report an alcoholic patient who initially presented to the emergency department with community‐acquired pneumonia, acute respiratory failure and acute‐on‐chronic pancreatitis with massive pancreatic pleural effusion. Subsequently, he developed insidiously pancreatitis‐related intra‐abdominal, mediastinal pseudocysts, and unexpectedly sudden onset of cardiac tamponade. Although tamponade‐related haemodynamic instability improved soon after timely diagnosis and emergent pericardial drainage, his recovery period was prolonged. His serum amylase and lipase were persistently elevated until definitive treatment with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography‐assisted removal of pancreatic duct stones. Pancreatitis‐related cardiac tamponade is rare but lethal without prompt diagnosis and management. We reviewed pancreatitis‐related thoracic complications, particularly for cardiac tamponade, and discussed about the pathophysiology and management options.
Electrolyte Solvation Chemistry for the Solution of High‐Donor‐Number Solvent for Stable Li–S Batteries
Authors: Zhong Ning , Lei Chengjun , Meng Ruijin , Li Jinye , He Xin , Liang Xiao 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPassivation of the sulfur electrode by insulating lithium sulfide (Li2S) restricts the reversibility and sulfur utilization of lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries. Although electrolytes with high donor number (DN) solvents induce tri‐sulfur radical intermediate thus 3D nucleation of Li2S with fast kinetics can be achieved, their catastrophic reactivities with Li metal hinder practical applications. Here, the use of high DN solvent as an additive instead of as co‐solvent to solve their incompatibility between cathode and anode is proposed, by adopting N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NMP) as a proof‐of‐concept. Such a strategy is accomplished by the unique solvation structure of the NMP added electrolyte, where the preference of NMP‐Li+ coordination squeezes out partial 1,2‐dimethoxyethane (DME) molecules while enriching 1,3‐dioxolane (DOL) molecules in the first solvation sheath of Li+ ions. It affords the robust SEI on Li metal from corrosion either by NMP or the dissolved polysulfides. Spectral analyses (Raman and UV–vis) also verify that the coordinated NMP additive preserves its S3•− radicals stabilization ability as it does as a co‐solvent, which effectively improves the sulfur conversion kinetics and reversibility. This approach enables competitive capacity retention and a stable cycling performance of 340 cycles, which is one of the longest lifespans known for the high DN solvent involved Li–S batteries.
Impact of Great Recession bank failures on use of financial services among racial/ethnic and income groups
Authors: Blanco Luisa , Contreras Salvador , Ghosh Amit 
Published: March 2022

AbstractUsing individuals'‐level data from the 2013, 2015, and 2017 unbanked and underbanked household surveys, we examine the effect of the magnitude of bank failures in the 2008–2011 period on individuals' use of financial services in the post Great Recession period. We find the intensity of local bank failure to reduce the probability of owning a bank account and increase the likelihood of using alternative financial services (AFS). We show that those exposed to medium intensity failures were 2.3 percentage points less likely to be fully banked (own a bank account and do not use AFS) and 0.5 percentage points more likely to be unbanked (do not own a bank account and use AFS). These effects are primarily driven by blacks and Hispanics in low and medium intensity Metropolitan Statistical Areas. Our results are explained by the effect that the intensity of bank failures had on branching. Moreover, we find bank failures to intensify impediments to banking due to lack of convenient location and hours and distrust in banks, and the effect is more salient for minorities.
Evidence for Sperm Limitation in the Louisiana Blue Crab Spawning Stock
Authors: Olmi‐Graham Helen D. , Darnell M. Zachary 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMale‐targeted fishing pressure has the potential to skew population sex ratios and to result in sperm limitation in females, where the quantity or quality of sperm received during mating is insufficient for the female to achieve her full lifetime reproductive potential. Blue crabs Callinectes sapidus are heavily targeted by commercial and recreational fisheries throughout much of their range, with fishing pressure biased toward males. Additionally, blue crabs are particularly susceptible to sperm limitation because mating occurs during a short window following the female’s terminal molt and stored sperm is used to fertilize all future broods. We investigated sperm quantities in recently molted and mated female blue crabs in southeastern Louisiana to assess the potential for sperm limitation in this area. Sperm quantities were an order of magnitude lower than those previously observed in other areas. Brood production modeling indicated that most of the female blue crabs in this region are heavily sperm limited and unable to achieve their lifetime spawning potential. On a population level, this sperm limitation may be partially responsible for recent declines in landings and estimates of abundance. Although insufficient data exist to assess the precise cause of this sperm limitation, these results should be incorporated into future stock assessments and management decisions for the Louisiana blue crab spawning stock.
Impact of COVID‐19 lockdown on the elemental profile of PM10 present in the ambient aerosol of an educational institute in Kolkata, India
Authors: Tudu Praveen , Gaine Tanushree , Mahanty Shouvik , Mitra Sayantani , Bhattacharyya Subarna , Chaudhuri Punarbasu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractReduction in air pollution level was prime observation during COVID‐19 lockdown globally. Here, the study was conducted to assess the impact of lockdown on the elemental profile of PM10 in ambient aerosol to quantify the elemental variation. To quantify the variation, phase‐wise sampling of air pollutants was carried out using the gravimetric method for PM10, while NO2 and SO2 were estimated through the chemiluminescence and fluorescent spectrometric method respectively. The elemental constituents of PM10 were carried out using an Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer and their source apportionment was carried out using the Positive Matrix Factorization model. The results showed that PM10, NO2 and SO2 reduced by 86.97%, 83.38%, and 88.60% respectively during the lockdown sampling phase. The highest mean elemental concentration reduction was found in Mn (97.47%) during the lockdown. The inter‐correlation among the pollutants exhibited a significant association indicating that they originate from the same source. The metals like Mn and Cu were found at a higher concentration during the lockdown phase corresponding to vehicular emissions. The comparative analysis of the elemental profile of PM10 concluded that the lockdown effectuated in reduction of the majority of elements present in an aerosol enveloping metropolitan like Kolkata.
The first hour of the paroxysmal phase of the 2022 Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha'apai volcanic eruption as seen by a geostationary meteorological satellite
Authors: Smart David 
Published: March 2022

Abstract online onlyDuring the late afternoon (local time) of 15 January 2022, the Hunga‐Tonnga Hunga‐Ha'apai islands were destroyed by a cataclysmic volcanic eruption. A sequence of images from a geostationary meteorological satellite, Himawari‐8 is presented showing the early evolution of the resulting eruption column and ash cloud. The ash‐rich umbrella cloud reached to over 30km in height and up to 400km in diameter. A smaller area of over‐shooting cloud tops appears to have reached a much higher altitude, greater than 50km, well into the upper stratosphere. The explosion also produced at least one major shock wave, evidence for which can be seen by subtracting visible channel images at 10‐minute intervals.
The final Kasner regime inside black holes with scalar or vector hair
Authors: Henneaux Marc 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe final (close to the singularity) dynamical behavior of the metric inside black holes with massive charged scalar or vector hair is analyzed for general anisotropic and inhomogeneous initial conditions. These solutions are relevant to a holographic realization of superconductivity. It is shown that the dynamics falls within the scope of the “cosmological billiard” description and that in both cases, the corresponding hyperbolic billiard region has infinite volume so that the system ultimately settles down to a final Kasner regime. For massive vector hair, the conclusion holds because the longitudinal mode plays the same role as a scalar field. There exists, however, a measure-zero subset of solutions characterized by vanishing longitudinal modes that exhibit a chaotic behavior with an infinite number of BKL oscillations as one goes to the singularity.
What has changed in the experiences of people with mental health problems during the COVID-19 pandemic: a coproduced, qualitative interview study
Authors: Shah Prisha , Hardy Jackie , Birken Mary , Foye Una , Rowan Olive Rachel , Nyikavaranda Patrick , Dare Ceri , Stefanidou Theodora , Schlief Merle , Pearce Eiluned , Lyons Natasha , Machin Karen , Jeynes Tamar , Chipp Beverley , Chhapia Anjie , Barber Nick , Gillard Steven , Pitman Alexandra , Simpson Alan , Johnson Sonia , Lloyd-Evans Brynmor ,   the NIHR Mental Health Policy Research Unit Covid coproduction research group
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose
We sought to understand how the experiences of people in the UK with pre-existing mental health conditions had developed during the course of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
In September–October 2020, we interviewed adults with mental health conditions pre-dating the pandemic, whom we had previously interviewed 3 months earlier. Participants had been recruited through online advertising and voluntary sector community organisations. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted by telephone or video-conference by researchers with lived experience of mental health difficulties, and, following principles of thematic analysis, were analysed to explore changes over time in people’s experience of the pandemic.

Results
We interviewed 44 people, achieving diversity of demographic characteristics (73% female, 54% White British, aged 18–75) and a range of mental health conditions and service use among our sample. Three overarching themes were derived from interviews. The first theme “spectrum of adaptation” describes how participants reacted to reduced access to formal and informal support through personal coping responses or seeking new sources of help, with varying degrees of success. The second theme describes “accumulating pressures” from pandemic-related anxieties and sustained disruption to social contact and support, and to mental health treatment. The third theme “feeling overlooked” reflects participants’ feeling of people with mental health conditions being ignored during the pandemic by policy-makers at all levels, which was compounded for people from ethnic minority communities or with physical health problems.

Conclusion
In line with previous research, our study highlights the need to support marginalised groups who are at risk of increased inequalities, and to maintain crucial mental and physical healthcare and social care for people with existing mental health conditions, notwithstanding challenges of the pandemic.
Water in polyurethane networks: physical and chemical ageing effects and mechanical parameters
Authors: Possart Wulff , Zimmer Bettina 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe chemical structure, polymer mobility and mechanical properties are studied for a cross-linked amorphous poly(ether urethane) (PU) from glass transition to rubber elasticity for juvenile dry samples and for water-saturated states after exposure to humid air (r.h. = 29, 67, 95, 100%) at $$60~^\circ \hbox {C}$$

60

∘

C

during 1 y of ageing. For saturated samples, network chain cleavage is the chemical ageing mechanism, but it is too weak and slow to affect on the physical properties significantly within 1 y. Water acts primarily in a physical manner. Within 1 d, $$\hbox {H}_{{2}}\hbox {O}$$

H
2

O

molecules replace part of the weak urethane H-bonds by $$\hbox {H}_{{2}}\hbox {O}$$

H
2

O

–urethane H-bonds and reduce all other physical interactions between network chains by solvating hydrophilic segments. Thus, the cooperative polymer mobility strongly amplifies: The gain of specific conformational entropy doubles across the caloric glass transition, which shifts by −17 K. A $$\hbox {H}_{{2}}\hbox {O}$$

H
2

O

concentration of only $$\hbox {c}_{{\mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O}}}~\approx ~(0.4~\ldots ~0.5)~\hbox {c}_{\mathrm{\mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O},max}}$$

c

H
2

O

≈

(
0.4

…

0.5
)

c

H
2

O
,
max

suffices for the major part of these fast rearrangements. Some part of the water slowly forms (during 3–4 months) a finely dispersed water-rich mixed phase with the PU chains. Except the new phase, these molecular processes of physical ageing strongly affect the mechanical properties at damage-free deformation. For dry PU in the glass transition, the shear modulus, $$\mu _{\mathrm{relaxed}}$$

μ
relaxed

(T), after viscoelastic stress relaxation only depends on the deformation-induced entropy change—like in the rubber elastic state. Within one month, water drastically decreases the viscoelastic response, as expected for plasticisation. However, $$\mu _{\mathrm{relaxed}}$$

μ
relaxed

(T) slightly grows in wet PU. $$\hbox {H}_{{2}}\hbox {O}$$

H
2

O

molecules cause these opposite trends by boosting the cooperative mobility (i.e. extension of the accessible conformational space and entropy by reduction in energy barriers) and by occupation of free volume compartments. Water quickly reduces the fracture parameters by about 50%. We explain that embrittlement by the $$\hbox {H}_{{2}}\hbox {O}$$

H
2

O

-induced facilitation of cooperative network chain motions, which let fracture proceed with less energy. In summary, our findings provide a detailed conception of the molecular effects the $$\hbox {H}_{2}\hbox {O}$$

H
2

O

molecules have on the PU network, and they explain the consequences for the mechanical properties.
Drinking is different! Examining the role of locus of control for alcohol consumption
Authors: Caliendo Marco , Hennecke Juliane 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLocus of control (LOC) measures how much an individual believes in the causal relationship between her own actions and her life’s outcomes. While earlier literature has shown that an increasing internal LOC is associated with increased health-conscious behavior in domains such as smoking, exercise or diets, we find that drinking seems to be different. Using very informative German panel data, we extend and generalize previous findings and find a significant positive association between having an internal LOC and the probability of occasional and regular drinking for men and women. An increase in an individual’s LOC by one standard deviation increases the probability of occasional or regular drinking on average by 3.4% for men and 6.9% for women. Using a decomposition method, we show that roughly a quarter of this association can be explained by differences in the social activities between internal and external individuals.
On the Parameterized Complexity of the Expected Coverage Problem
Authors: Fomin Fedor V. , Ramamoorthi Vijayaragunathan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe Maximum Covering Location Problem (MCLP) is a well-studied problem in the field of operations research. Given a network with positive or negative demands on the nodes, a positive integer k, the MCLP seeks to find k potential facility centers in the network such that the neighborhood coverage is maximized. We study the variant of MCLP where edges of the network are subject to random failures due to some disruptive events. One of the popular models capturing the unreliable nature of the facility location is the linear reliability ordering (LRO) model. In this model, with every edge e of the network, we associate its survival probability 0 ≤ pe ≤ 1, or equivalently, its failure probability 1 − pe. The failure correlation in LRO is the following: If an edge e fails then every edge $e^{\prime }$

e

′

with $p_{e^{\prime }} \leq p_{e}$

p

e

′

≤

p

e

surely fails. The task is to identify the positions of k facilities that maximize the expected coverage. We refer to this problem as Expected Coverage problem. We study the Expected Coverage problem from the parameterized complexity perspective and obtain the following results. 1. For the parameter pathwidth, we show that the Expected Coverage problem is W[1]-hard. We find this result a bit surprising, because the variant of the problem with non-negative demands is fixed-parameter tractable (FPT) parameterized by the treewidth of the input graph. 2. We complement the lower bound by the proof that Expected Coverage is FPT being parameterized by the treewidth and the maximum vertex degree. We give an algorithm that solves the problem in time $ 2^{{\mathcal {O}}({\textbf {tw}} \log {\varDelta })} n^{{\mathcal {O}}(1)}$

2

O
(
tw
log
Δ
)

n

O
(
1
)

, where tw is the treewidth, Δ is the maximum vertex degree, and n the number of vertices of the input graph. In particular, since Δ ≤ n, it means the problem is solvable in time $ n^{{\mathcal {O}}({\textbf {tw}})} $

n

O
(
tw
)

, that is, is in XP parameterized by treewidth.
Maternal lactational investment is higher for sons in chimpanzees
Authors: Bădescu Iulia , Watts David P. , Katzenberg M. Anne , Sellen Daniel W. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMaternal lactational investment can affect female reproductive rates and offspring survival in mammals and can be biased towards infants of one sex. We compared estimates of lactation effort among mothers, assessed as their potential milk contribution to age-specific infant diets (mother-infant differences in fecal stable nitrogen isotopes, δ15N), to the timing of weaning (infant age at last nursing bout) and to maternal inter-birth interval lengths for male and female infant chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) at Ngogo, Uganda. Infant males had greater proportions of milk in their age-specific diets, indicated by higher mother-infant differences in δ15N (Generalized Estimating Equation, GEE:p < 0.01). This may mean that mothers of sons showed greater lactation effort than mothers of daughters. Infant males stopped nursing at older ages than infant females (Kaplan–Meier product limit estimate, Breslow estimator:p < 0.05). Mothers of sons showed longer interbirth intervals than mothers of daughters (GEE:p < 0.01). All three measures indicated maternal lactational investment was higher for sons. Male infants may cost mothers more to ensure infant survival than female infants because males are more vulnerable and/or because maternal genetic returns on investment are greater for sons than daughters, as male philopatry means that chimpanzee mothers can have more influence on the reproductive success of sons. Chimpanzee females may trade off growth-related benefits of high lactational investment in male offspring against reduced reproductive rates.Significance statementMaternal investment via lactation affects the reproductive success of female mammals and their offspring and can be biased towards infants of one sex. We investigated lactational variation among wild chimpanzees in relation to infant sex using three proxies for maternal lactational investment: fecal stable nitrogen isotopes, a physiological biomarker that may provide an estimate of lactation effort; observations of nursing, which we used to establish weaning ages; and the lengths of intervals between births of surviving infants. Chimpanzee mothers biased lactational investment toward sons on all three indicators and showed reduced fecundity due to longer inter-birth intervals for mothers of sons than for mothers of daughters. These results would be expected if greater maternal investment toward sons leads to better condition and higher reproductive success for sons later in life, thus to greater inclusive fitness for mothers.