bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Which Abatement Policies Are Best Away from Optimality?
Authors: Rebonato Riccardo , Ronzani Riccardo , Melin Lionel 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We consider the case of a non-infinitely-altruistic social planner who does not know the true climate and economic parameters of the DICE model and who, because of political or social constraints, cannot act optimally. We find that the impact of parameter uncertainty on economic outcomes is much more pronounced away from optimality than along an optimal path. We also find that for this non-omniscient and politically constrained social planner the most desirable of the ‘feasible’ courses of actions depends strongly on which quantity is known with uncertainty. A gradual ramp-up is preferred to a steep (‘Stern-like') abatement schedule when we consider (symmetric) uncertainty in the growth rate of the economy, or in the cost of abatement. This result is extremely robust to the choice of a number of non-expected-utility-maximization decisional criteria that do not make use of probabilities: minimax, maximax and maximin all give the same recommendation. Ambiguity aversion does not change these results. However, when uncertainty in the damage function is considered, a steeper abatement schedule becomes a strong contender, and is preferred by some decisional criteria. This suggests that researching this aspect of climate modelling would have the greatest policy relevance. Finally, we note that a gradual (‘Nordhaus-like') ramp-up of the abatement efforts abatement schedule is always preferred to a slower (‘business-as-usual') schedule of abatement even in the case of much stronger future economic growth or much milder climate damage than the central estimates of the DICE model.JEL Codes: D58, D81, Q28, Q54, Q58
High-Definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (HD-tDCS) as Augmentation Therapy in Late-Life Depression (LLD) with Suboptimal Response to Treatment – a Study Protocol for a Double-Blinded Randomized Sham-Controlled Trial
Authors: Ngan Sze Ting Joanna , Chan LK , Chan WC , Lam Linda , Li Wan Kei , Lim Kelvin , Or Ego , Pang PF , Poon TK , Wong Mimi , Wu Anna , Wing Cheng Pak 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background Late-life depression (LLD) has a poorer long-term prognosis and higher relapse rate than in younger adults with up to one third of patients with LLD showing suboptimal response to antidepressant therapy. Also, LLD has been associated with significant impairment in cognition and daily functioning. Few studies have evaluated the therapeutic effects of high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) on the depressive and cognitive symptoms of LDD. The current randomized controlled trial assesses the efficacy of HD-tDCS as an augmentation therapy with antidepressants compared to sham-control in subjects with LLD. Method Fifty-eight patients with LLD will be recruited and randomly assigned to the active HD-tDCS or sham HD-tDCS group. In both groups, patients will receive the active or sham intervention in addition to their pre-existing antidepressant therapy, for 2 weeks with 5 sessions per week, with each lasting 30 minutes. The primary outcome measures will be the change of depressive symptoms, the clinical response and the remission rate as measured with the HAMD-17 before and after the intervention, and at 4 th and 12 th week after completed intervention. Secondary outcome measures include cognitive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, daily functioning and adverse effects. Discussion Older adults with depression are associated with poorer outcomes with unsatisfactory responses to antidepressant therapy and significant cognitive decline thus a new effective treatment option is needed. This randomized control trial aims at assessing the efficacy of HD-tDCS on ameliorating the depressive, cognitive and anxiety symptoms and improving daily functioning of subjects with LLD. Trial registration : ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT05322863 released on 11 April 2022 https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05322863
Comparative analysis of azo dye degradation by oxidoreductase, laccase and peroxidase of Acinetobacter junii: A computational study
Authors: Ishaque Sidra , Mushtaq Mahnoor , Bano Syeda Sheher , Batool Hina , Mohsin Hareem , Zaid Muhammad , Fatima Kaneez 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Textile industry releases substantial quantities of toxic azo dyes in water leading to severe environmental pollution globally. Many microbial enzymes are known to successfully oxidize the complex chemical structure of azo dyes, converting them to less toxic forms. This study gives an insight into the dye degrading abilities of three enzymes (oxidoreductase, laccase, and peroxidase) of Acinetobacter junii and focuses on their comparative analysis using computational tools. A total of six azo dyes, including Acid orange 19, Dispersed red 1, Dispersed red 13, Acid violet 7, Reactive brilliant red, and Congo red, were selected. The dye degradation was observed using molecular docking analysis. The 3D structures of enzymes were modeled using I-TASSER, and the Ramachandran plot marked these models as stable having more than 80% residues in the favorable and allowed regions. The molecular docking was followed by the selection of most stable enzyme-dye complexes based upon the binding affinities and molecular interactions. This comparative analysis revealed that oxidoreductase and laccase have significant binding affinities (>-5kcal/mol) with all azo dyes and form the most stable complexes and therefore are likely to be used for the large-scale analysis of azo dyes. These results were supported by the molecular dynamics simulations. Further experimental analysis may help the selection of suitable enzymes for large-scale bioremediation of the toxic azo dyes in an industrial setup.
Immunogenicity, efficacy, and safety of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine dose fractionation: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yang Bingyi , Huang Xiaotong , Gao Huizhi , Leung Nancy , Tsang Tim , Cowling Benjamin 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: Dose fractionation of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine could effectively accelerate global vaccine coverage, while supporting evidence of efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety are unavailable, especially with emerging variants.Methods: We systematically reviewed clinical trials reported dose-finding results and estimated the dose-response relationship of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) of COVID-19 vaccines using generalized additive model. We predicted the vaccine efficacy against both ancestral and variants, using previously reported correlates of protection and cross-reactivity. We also reviewed and compared seroconversion to nAbs, T-cell responses and safety profiles between fractional and standard dose groups.Results: We found that dose fractionation of mRNA and protein subunit vaccines could induce SARS-CoV-2 specific nAbs and T-cells that confer a reasonable level of protection (i.e., vaccine efficacy > 50%) against ancestral strains and variants up to Omicron. Safety profiles of fractional doses were non-inferior to the standard dose.Conclusion: Dose fractionation of mRNA and protein subunit vaccines may be safe and effective.
Asymmetric impact of Agriculture Ecosystem on Corban Dioxide emission evidence from China: Using Asymmetric and Non-linear Approach
Authors: Ali Imad , Hauping Sun , Ali Hashmat , Tariq Gulzara , Khan Khanbaz , Khan Muhammad Sohail 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The worldwide ecology has recently changed substantially due to rising carbon dioxide emissions. As a result, concerns about climate change, global warming, and environmental damage have surfaced. Humans, as well as the agricultural ecosystem, are presumably the most sensitive to these concerns. The study focuses on the link between the China's agricultural ecology and carbon dioxide emissions in this context. Annual time-series data from 1961 to 2019 were used in this investigation. Modern approaches such as Johansen, NARDL, and asymmetric and symmetric Granger causality, for example, were used. According to the Johansen test and the NARDL model, carbon dioxide emissions and agricultural ecosystems are co-integrated. According to the NARDL model, a 1% rise in Agriculture GDP, Animal heads, and Cereal crop harvested use will increase carbon dioxide emissions by 0.254, 0.82, and 5.38 percent, respectively, in the short run. The residual diagnostics assessments advise that the NARDL model is stable, reliable, and credible in the present form. The symmetric granger causality results reveal a unidirectional causality between carbon dioxide and agriculture GDP, rural populations, and pesticide imports. However, the granger causality of corban dioxide emissions with agricultural land use is symmetrically bidirectional. As a result, it is recommended that the government take proactive measures to limit the danger of environmental pollution and degradation by implementing coordinated tactics, notably crop management and pesticide imported into the country.
A systematic review of cost-utility analyses of screening methods in latent tuberculosis infection in high-risk populations
Authors: Mahon James Matthew , Beale Sophie , Holmes Hayden , Arber Mick , Nikolayevskyy Vladyslav , Alagna Riccardo , Manissero Davide , Dowdy David , Migliori Giovanni Battista , Sotgiu Giovanni , Duarte Raquel 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
BackgroundThe World Health Organisation (WHO) recommends that testing and treatment for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) should be undertaken in high-risk groups using either interferon gamma release assays (IGRAs) or a tuberculin skin test (TST). As IGRAs are more expensive than TST, an assessment of the cost-effectiveness of IGRAs can guide decision makers on the most appropriate choice of test for different high-risk populations. This current review aimed to provide the most up to date evidence on the cost-effectiveness evidence on LTBI testing in high-risk groups – specifically evidence reporting the costs per QALY of different testing strategies.MethodsA comprehensive search of databases including MEDLINE, EMBASE and NHS-EED was undertaken from 2011 up to March 2021. Studies were screened and extracted by two independent reviewers. The study quality was assessed using the Bias in Economic Evaluation Checklist (ECOBIAS). A narrative synthesis of the included studies was undertaken.ResultsThirty-two studies reported in thirty-three documents were included in this review. Quality of included studies was generally high, although there was a weakness across all studies referencing sources correctly and/or justifying choices of parameter values chosen or assumptions where parameter values were not available. Inclusions of IGRAs in testing strategies was consistently found across studies to be cost-effective but this result was sensitive to underlying LTBI prevalence rates. ConclusionWhile some concerns remain about uncertainty in parameter values used across included studies, the evidence base since 2010 has grown with modelling approaches addressing the weakness pointed out in previous reviews but still reaching the same conclusion that IGRAs are likely to be cost-effective in high-income countries for high-risk populations with. Evidence is also required on the cost-effectiveness of different strategies in low to middle income countries and countries with high TB burden.
Effect of inorganic nitrate or nitrite supplementation on exercise capacity for heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Zhang He , Fan Yixuan , Li Qiuyi , Wang Anlu , Zhang Jie , Li Jingen , Chen Zhuo , Xu Hao 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: Some studies showed beneficial effects for exercise capacity of inorganic nitrates or nitrites (INNs) in heart failure (HF). However, the evidence is inconsistent. Objective: We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate effects of INNs on exercise intolerance for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).Methods: Seven databases were searched from inception until September 2020 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing effects of INNs for HFrEF or HFpEF. RCTs comparing INNs with placebo, no treatment, or organic nitrates in patients. Primary outcomes were parameters of the exercise test. Secondary outcomes were N-terminal fragment of the prohormone brain natriuretic peptide (NT-Pro-BNP), cardiac function, and quality of life.Results: Four RCTs with 43 patients in HFrEF and seven RCTs with 224 patients in HFpEF were included with high quality. The meta-analysis showed INNs didn’t improve the muscle function of peak power in HFrEF, or peak oxygen uptake (VO2 peak) in HFrEF; neither in HFpEF. In HFpEF group, INNs significantly decreased right atrial pressure, systolic blood pressure, pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure during rest and exercise. No effect of INNs on NT-Pro-BNP, quality of life, or diastolic cardiac function. No serious adverse event was reported. Conclusions: INNs don’t improve exercise capacity in HF; however, they improved hemodynamic status, especially in HFpEF patients. More high-quality large-sample trials are needed to provide evidence for clinical application.PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020210266
Synthesis, characterization, and biological evaluation of some novel ϒ-aminobutyric acid aminotransferase (GABA-AT) inhibitors
Authors: Shrivastava Sushant K. , Sinha Ojaswi , Kumar Munish , Waiker Digambar Kumar , Verma Akash , Tripathi Prabhash Nath , Bhardwaj Bhagwati , Saraf Poorvi 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In our present work some novel substituted 4-phenyl-5-vinylpyrrolidin-2-one derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their γ-aminobutyric acid-aminotransferase (GABA-AT) inhibition and in-vivo anticonvulsant activity. Among all the synthesized derivatives, compound 7f was observed as the most potent and competitive inhibitor of GABA-AT (IC50 = 46.29 ± 3.19 µM, Ki = 0.106 ± 0.004 µM). The in-vivo anticonvulsant activity against maximum electroshock (MES) and PTZ, induced seizures test of compound 7f, was observed very much significant (P < 0.05) in comparison with standard Vigabatrin and have shown an increase in the level of GABA in the cortex region of the brain. Th ex-vivo studies have also suggested reduced tissue necrosis. Finally, In-silico molecular docking and dynamics studies of compound 7f has shown that it forms desired amino acid residue interactions with the GABA-AT and was stable for 50 ns in the active site pocket of the enzyme.
Is the Retromandibular approach a suitable approach to anatomical reduction of unilateral condylar fracture? a prospective non-randomized cohort study
Authors: Mohamed Abdo Ahmed Saleh , Qi Hedeng , Lin Zhaoyu , Sakran Karim Ahmed , Pan Chaobin 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the retromandibular approach (RMA) to produce three-dimensional (3-D) reduction of the unilateral subcondylar fracture and Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) functional implication. Methods: A prospective cohort study was designed. Twenty-nine patients with unilateral subcondylar fracture underwent consecutively Open Reduction, and Internal Fixation. The cohorts were divided into two groups; RMA group (n = 16, 55.17%) and submandibular approach SMA group (n = 13, 44.82%). The primary outcome was the anatomical 3-D reduction of the condyle. The secondary outcome was to compare the condyle position and inclination finding with TMJ outcomes. Helkimo Index score was used to evaluate the TMJ outcome at six months postoperatively. Result: There was a significant difference between the mediolateral condylar inclination, condylar medial and vertical positions when RMA compared with SMA groups (P < 0.05). The medial joint space was correlated with the medial condylar position in both groups (P < 0.05). The Helkimo Ai and Di was associated with mediolateral condylar inclination in SMG; however, Helkimo Ai was found to be correlated with the RMA group. Conclusion: The current study demonstrates that the RMA could re-establish the anatomical position of the unilateral subcondylar fracture in patients undergoing ORIF. The clinical outcome of the TMJ with RMA was better than SMA
Donor lung inflation with hydrogen gas during cold storage alleviates energy metabolism disorder in lung grafts by protecting mitochondrial function in rats
Authors: Quan Lini , Xing Entong , Nie Chunyan , Zheng Panpan , Kang Jiyu , Zhou Huacheng 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Lung inflation with hydrogen improves the quality of donor lungs by mitigating ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, the underlying mechanism of hydrogen remains uncertain. We investigated whether the protective effects of lung inflation with 3% hydrogen during the cold ischemia phase is related to affecting energy metabolism in lung grafts of rats.
Method
Adult male Wistar rats were randomized into four groups: sham group (underwent thoracotomy without lung transplantation), control group (donor lungs were deflated at 4 for 2 hours), oxygen group (donor lungs were inflated with 40% oxygen mixed gas for 2 hours during cold storage), and hydrogen group (inflating the donor lungs with 3% hydrogen + 40% oxygen containing mixed gas). Orthotopic left lung transplantation was performed in control group, oxygen group, and hydrogen group, followed by 2 hours of reperfusion. Lung grafts were assayed for static compliance, histological, lactic acid content, pyruvic acid content, ATP content, mitochondrial respiratory complex I to IV activity, and reactive oxygen species content.
Results
Compared with the control group and oxygen group, hydrogen group reduced pyruvate and lactic acid contents and increased adenosine triphosphate contents in lung grafts. Furthermore, hydrogen improved mitochondrial morphology, increased mitochondrial complex enzyme I, II, and III activity, and reduced reactive oxygen species contents in lung grafts when comparing with the control group and the oxygen group. The severity of pulmonary injury, static compliance, and the PaO2/FiO2 of lung grafts in the hydrogen group and the oxygen group were comparable.
Conclusion
Donor Lung inflation with 3% hydrogen during cold storage is associated with reduced anaerobic metabolism level and improvements of mitochondrial morphology and function in lung grafts.
High-Intensity Interval Training leads to reduced testosterone and increased estrogen levels in young women
Authors: Ramadan Wael , Xirouchaki Chrysovalantou E. , Razek Medhat Kasem Abdel , Alim Mariam Abu 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: Hormone levels can be determined according the prevalence of a balance between generation metabolism and clearance rates. High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) can affect this balance through a variety of mechanisms, including competition-associated stress, diet, body composition, heat production and hypoxia. Aims: The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of HIIT on the Health hormones of femininity and fertility in young women. Methods: The study was comprised of Eighteen females aged 18.06 ± 0.128 years old. The participants were subjected to an eight-week training program (3 sessions/week, two hours (h) after lunch). Participants underwent basal pre-and post-exercise intervention tests, such as reproductive and trophic hormones. Results: The results revealed that 143.16% increased estrogen levels and a 62.12% reduction in testosterone levels . No significant differences were detected in Luteinizing hormone (LH) and Prolactin (PRL) between participants. Conclusions: HIIT exercise training in young women decreases testosterone levels and increases estrogen levels, with no effect on trophic hormones (LH, PRL).
Efficacy and safety of total glucosides of paeony in the treatment of recurrent aphthous ulcers: a single-center, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial
Authors: Liu Zijian , Guo Xiang , Li Shufang , Lu Mingxing , Guo Qianyun , Liu Xingyun , Wang Yutian , Han Ying , Liu Hongwei 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Clinical RelevanceRecurrent aphthous ulcers (RAU) with high occurrence frequency seriously affects the daily life of patients, but there is a lack of long-term effective and safe drugs. Total glucosides of paeony (TGP) as a traditional Chinese medicine is worth exploring for the treatment of RAU.Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of TGP capsules in the treatment of RAU.Methods This study was registered in chictr.org.cn with the registration number ChiCTR1900025623. Patients who visited the Department of Oral Mucosa, Peking University Stomatological Hospital from June 2019 to April 2021 and met the inclusion criteria were included. Subjects were randomly assigned to TGP or placebo group, asked to record ulcer severity, medication and adverse reactions in the form of diary or apps every day, treated with 1.8g/day for 24 weeks and observed for a total of 36 weeks. The primary outcome was monthly ulcer-free interval. The secondary outcome included monthly number of ulcers, monthly area of ulcers and pain accessed by visual analogue scoring (VAS). ResultsA total of 40 individuals were assigned to the TGP group and 39 to the placebo group. The dropout rate was 18.18%. In the TGP group, the monthly ulcer-free interval was significantly longer than baseline (median, 9.6 days) since week 13-24 (median, 18.5 days) (P < 0.05), and after discontinuation it was further prolonged (median, 24.7 days) than week 13-24 (P < 0.05). Besides, the monthly ulcer-free interval was longer in the TGP group than in the placebo group (median, 15.9 days) at week 25 – 36 (P < 0.001). There were better improvements in monthly number of ulcers, monthly area of ulcers and VAS in the TGP group at week 25 – 36 (P < 0.001). Conclusion TGP capsule had good therapeutic effect on RAU with frequent attack without obvious adverse reactions.
Physicochemical characterizations of nanocellulose isolated from kudzu (Pueraria montana var. lobata) for potential packaging applications
Authors: Love Reid , Bangar Sneh , Bridges William S. , Darby Duncan O. , Doh Hansol , Whiteside William S. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Flexible packaging is an integral part of the food supply chain due to its unique thermal, mechanical, and barrier properties. The many advantages (e.g., lightweight, product protection, reduction in food waste, communication medium, etc.) come with certain drawbacks (low recyclability rate, pollution of ecosystems, etc.). Still, the heavy reliance of the food industry on these products, many of them being unsustainable plastics derived from petrochemicals, is unlikely to diminish in the foreseeable future. Therefore, more sustainable alternatives that do not sacrifice performance (machinability, shelf-life, etc.) are needed before pollution becomes irreversible and public outcry insurmountable. Nanocellulose, especially in the form of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), can be incorporated into sustainable polymer matrices to enhance mechanical, thermal, and barrier properties. More research to find novel biomasses for CNC extraction would be welcomed by industry. One potential biomass source for the extraction of nanocellulose is the invasive deciduous perennial: kudzu (peuraria montana var. lobata). An industrial benefit for this agricultural nuisance may exist, however there has not been any formal research related to kudzu CNCs. The purpose of this research is to extract cellulose nanocrystals from kudzu and characterize them to evaluate their efficacy as an additive in degradable packaging solutions.