bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Ride Quality and Road Roughness by Measuring the Response from a Vehicle Mounted Android Smartphone
Authors: Kumar Lohith , Tallam Teja , Naveen Kumar C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Road surface roughness is considered as one of the most important aspect in functional condition of roads indicating to riding comfort in both transverse and longitudinal direction. For all highway projects maintaining proper surface evenness has been a mandatory requirement from the government of India. In this study, pavement unevenness was estimated using an android-based smartphone and system rely on the movement of a suspension system in response to the unevenness of the road surface travelled by a vehicle. Roughness index (RI) is an indicator to measure the standard road roughness. Conventional way of measuring RI involves usage of bump integrator, profilometer and roughometer. Present study proposes an alternative method to measure roughness using smartphones. The study was carried out in 2 different locations and 3 different smartphones to obtain the magnitude of deflections. Data collected using standard fifth wheel bump integrator is used for validation. Data collected through smartphone i.e., accelerometer sensor details was given as input to Fast Fourier transforms (FFT) to find the magnitude of deflection on the road. The results obtained from smartphones was then correlated with the existing roughness index data collected by standard fifth wheel bump integrator to establish an equation to predict RI using an android mobile.
Geotechnical characteristics of polypropylene macro fibre reinforced black cotton soil treated with potassium hydroxide
Authors: Malathi N , Jaya Saahithya V C 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Synthetic fibres are increasingly being used as reinforcement to help stabilise expanding soils. This work is an attempt to stabilise the black cotton soil with the reinforcement of polypropylene macro fibre in which potassium hydroxide (KOH) is utilised as an alkali activator as a contribution to this field. The KOH concentrations of 3%, 4%, and 5% with 10M were assumed, and the tests were carried out. It is also reinforced with varying percentages of polypropylene macro fibre (PP macro fibre), such as 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, 1.2, 1.5, and 1.8. California Bearing Ratio (CBR), Unconfined Compression Strength (UCS), and swell pressure experiments are carried out in the laboratory. Overall, it concluded that the addition of KOH to the soil decreased the swelling percentage of the soil by changing its mineral structure because of the presence of K ions. There was also a decrease in the shrinkage of the soil. The optimum moisture content is decreased, and the maximum dry density is increased. By reinforcing the soil with the PP macro fibre, it increased the strength of the soil.
Flood and drought analysis of Lingasuru, Raichur District - Karnataka
Authors: Kudari Rizwan J , Chandana T P , Tejas K , Rakshita S T 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Raichur district, which falls in the north interior sector of Karnataka has been facing a lot of water management problems starting from severe drought conditions, to contaminated use of groundwater resources. With the incising of more and more aquifers being mapped for Arsenic and other heavy metals contamination, the need for surface water has been increased among the people of Raichur district. The work in this paper is on the Drought prediction and analysis of the area, for planning and execution of water resource development activities. The rainfall data analysis is done by Double mass curve and moving average curve by considering the rainfall data of the past 25 years recorded at respective rain gauge stations. The analysis of drought conditions is done by IMD and SPI methods based on data collected from the rain gauges installed at five different places in our study area. The drought recurrence graph has been plotted and the return period equation is calculated to understand the statistical probability of drought occurrence.
Bio-Inspired Algorithms for Optimal Design of Trusses
Authors: Jayaram M A 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Trusses are one of the major civil engineering structural articulations that are studied for optimized design. However, application of bio-inspired algorithms for the design of planar trusses is found to be scanty. In this paper, four bio-inspired algorithms namely, Elitism based genetic algorithm (EBGA), Ant colony optimization (ACO), Artificial honey bee optimization (AHBO), and Particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithms have been implemented for the optimization of size of the members of planar trusses. For this purpose, 4-planar trusses have been considered. The results show that the said algorithms vary marginally as far as the optimized weights are concerned. However, the differences are seen in terms of number of iterations required for convergence and standard deviation of weights. In this context, PSO and EBGA, converged quickly for all the four examples considered. Both the algorithms also showed lower values of standard deviation with respect to the optimized overall weight of the trusses.
Numerical Investigation of RC Beam Using Externally Bonded Fibre Reinforced Polymer Laminate Using Ansys Software
Authors: Harshavardhan K , Keshav Lakshmi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDue to its exceptional properties such as good tensile strength, serviceability, corrosion resistant, and light weight, externally bonded Fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) is increasingly being utilized to support reinforced concrete (RC) structures. De-lamination of FRP-plate with concrete cover owing the most prevalent type of failure is due to different stress concentration at the bonded plate’s end (stresses at end). The behaviour of the FRP-concrete interface is an important component in preventing debonding failures in RC structures. As a result, for the safe and cost-effective design of externally bonded FRP systems, a deeper understanding of FRP behaviour for concrete interfaces is necessary. The primary goal of this research is to investigate the behaviour of the FRP-concrete interface. Finite element (FE) simulations utilising the ANSYS Finite Element software are used to investigate the interaction behaviour. For the parametric investigation, FE simulation models are built to investigate the impact of various variables on the binding behaviour of FRP and concrete surfaces by altering the width and thickness of the FRP laminate. Different thickness of FRP 2 mm, 4 mm, 6 mm and different widths 75 mm and 100 mm are taken. Based on the results the multi variable nonlinear regression and multi variable logarithmic Finite element (FE) simulations utilising the ANSYS Finite Element software are used to investigate the interaction behaviour. For the parametric investigation, FE simulation models are built to investigate the impact of various variables on the binding behaviour of FRP and concrete surfaces. Regression study is conducted out, and the best fit for the parameters under evaluation is found. The above analysis results are compared with the published work for validation.
Analysis of interlaminar stress concentration in laminated structure - A review
Authors: Patel Kamal S , Ramtekkar G D 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Composite materials are popular in the specialised construction industry, whether aviation or car industry or civil structures. Laminated composite is one of the prevalent forms. Analysis and design of laminated composite is the focus of the study. To obtain a better design of the laminated composite, understanding its behaviour properly is very important. Delamination is the critical phenomenon in the laminated composite plates and shell, which causes the failure. Delamination studies can be categorised into two parts: the onset of delamination and the second is the failure progression. Interlaminar stresses are the cause of the onset and progression of delamination in the laminated composites. Therefore, determining interlaminar stress is essential to predict the onset and failure progression due to delamination accurately. This paper reviews the historical attempts of study the delamination. This work is divided into the theoretical assumption, failure model and then numerical studies. In the numerical studies section finite difference method, 2D finite element method, and 3D finite element method have been discussed. Some other methods of analysis and important achievements have also been discussed.
Bubble-based microrobots enable digital assembly of heterogeneous microtissue modules
Authors: Ge Zhixing , Dai Liguo , Zhao Junhua , Yu Haibo , Yang Wenguang , Liao Xin , Tan Wenjun , Jiao Niandong , Wang Zhenning , Liu Lianqing 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The specific spatial distribution of tissue generates a heterogeneous micromechanical environment that provides ideal conditions for diverse functions such as regeneration and angiogenesis. However, to manufacture microscale multicellular heterogeneous tissue modules in vitro and then assemble them into specific functional units is still a challenging task. In this study, a novel method for the digital assembly of heterogeneous microtissue modules is proposed. This technique utilizes the flexibility of digital micromirror device-based optical projection lithography and the manipulability of bubble-based microrobots in a liquid environment. The results indicate that multicellular microstructures can be fabricated by increasing the inlets of the microfluidic chip. Upon altering the exposure time, the Young’s modulus of the entire module and different regions of each module can be fine-tuned to mimic normal tissue. The surface morphology, mechanical properties, and internal structure of the constructed bionic peritoneum were similar to those of the real peritoneum. Overall, this work demonstrates the potential of this system to produce and control the posture of modules and simulate peritoneal metastasis using reconfigurable manipulation.
Tailoring high-frequency magnonics in monolayer chromium trihalides
Authors: Menezes Raí M , Šabani Denis , Bacaksiz Cihan , de Souza Silva Clécio C , Milošević Milorad V 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Monolayer chromium-trihalides, the archetypal two-dimensional (2D) magnetic materials, are readily suggested as a promising platform for high-frequency magnonics. Here we detail the spin-wave properties of monolayer CrBr3 and CrI3, using spin-dynamics simulations parametrized from the first principles. We reveal that spin-wave dispersion can be tuned in a broad range of frequencies by strain, paving the way towards flexo-magnonic applications. We further show that ever-present halide vacancies in these monolayers host sufficiently strong Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction to scatter spin-waves, which promotes design of spin-wave guides by defect engineering. Finally we discuss the spectra of spin-waves propagating across a moiré-periodic modulation of magnetic parameters in a van der Waals heterobilayer, and show that the nanoscale moiré periodicities in such samples are ideal for realization of a magnonic crystal in the terahertz frequency range. Recalling the additional tunability of magnetic 2D materials by electronic gating, our results situate these systems among the front-runners for prospective high-frequency magnonic applications.
Research on performance optimization of Loess-based ceramic membrane supports with Bauxite-dolomite-talc as additives
Authors: Tong Zhi , Liu Lu , Yang Xiaoyu , Li Dachuan , Guo Lei , Zhang Jianxu 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Inorganic ceramic membranes have attracted much attention due to their advantages of long life, acid and alkali corrosion resistance, and easy cleaning, but they have not been widely used due to the high cost. In order to obtain a ceramic membrane with low cost and good performance, in this paper, loess-based ceramic membrane support was prepared by using loess as raw material, bauxite as aluminum source, dolomite as pore-forming agent and talc as plasticizer. Response surface optimization was used to determine the optimal addition parameters of ingredients. In addition, the factors affecting the performance of the supports were analyzed in terms of material composition, microscopic morphology, and porosity. The results show that the addition of talc conduced to avoid the negative impact of the pore-forming effect of dolomite on the mechanical strength of the support, and the optimum proportioning parameters are 48.85 wt% of bauxite, 9.93 wt% of dolomite and 8 wt% of talc. Under this condition, the bending strength was 42.24 MPa, the pure water flux was 8323.73 l·m−2·h−1·MPa−1, and the average pore throat radius was 5.15 μm. The performance of the best sample reaches the application performance of porous ceramic supports, which provides a theoretical basis for the wide application of low-cost ceramic membrane supports.
An experimental study on the degradation of the C12A7 hollow cathode
Authors: HUA Zhiwei , WANG Pingyang , LUO Zhuang , ZHANG Xin , TIAN Leichao 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Emitter overheating is by far the greatest problem limiting the performance of novel C12A7 hollow cathodes. To explore the failure operating point and degradation mechanism of the C12A7 hollow cathode, microscopic analyses of a degraded electride emitter after 10 h of thermal electron emission are presented in this paper. The morphology and composition variation of overheated electride emitters by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction indicate the melting and decomposition of electride of the surface layer. The monitored temperature of the electride emitter during the C12A7 hollow cathode operation shows that to avoid overheating the electride emitter, the average current density allowed should be about 64 mA mm−2 for the C12A7 hollow cathode in its current configuration. Experimental results of the heaterless C12A7 hollow cathode demonstrate that xenon (Xe) ion bombardment can remove the insulating layer and restore the thermionic emission capability for less degraded emitters. Based on experimental results and microscopic characterization, the depletion and degradation mechanisms of electride emitters during the hollow cathode operation are discussed.
Assessing the environmental risk posed by a legacy tanker wreck: a case study of the RFA War Mehtar
Authors: Hill Polly G , Skelhorn Matthew , Leather Stuart 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe ocean floor is littered with thousands of wrecks containing hazardous fuels, lubes, armaments and cargoes that have polluted, are polluting, or will pollute the marine environment. The UK Ministry of Defence manages the environmental risk associated with its ∼5,700 military wrecks through the Wreck Management Programme. This paper explores the methods used to assess the environmental risk associated with the wreck of the Royal Fleet Auxiliary (RFA) tanker RFAWar Mehtar, which lies at approximately 39 m depth, 15 nm east of Great Yarmouth, United Kingdom. The methods employed include archival research, computational oil spill modelling combined with sensitivity mapping, environmental sampling and hydrocarbon concentration analysis, multibeam echosounder sonar surveys and neutron backscatter probe measurements. Each method is described, and its efficacy discussed. The archival research was essential to determine what fuel and cargo the RFAWar Mehtarsank with; but only when high-resolution multibeam sonar images were combined with the ship’s plans and neutron backscatter measurements from individual tanks could one confidently conclude that the wreck does not pose a significant pollution risk.
Two-step deposition of TiN capping electrodes to prevent degradation of ferroelectric properties in an in-situ crystallized TiN/Hf0.5Zr0.5O2/TiN device
Authors: Kim Hyungwoo , Kashir Alireza , Jang Hojung , Oh Seungyeol , Yadav Manoj , Lee Seungwoo , Hwang Hyunsang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 (HZO) is an appropriate material for the back-end-of-line (BEOL) process in fabricating ferroelectric TiN/HZO/TiN devices because of its excellent conformality on 3D nanostructures and a suitable crystallization temperature (≥ 350 °C–400 °C). However, in the semiconductor industry, the deposition temperature of TiN is usually higher than 400 °C. Therefore, it is necessary to study the ferroelectric properties of TiN/HZO/TiN devices when the deposition temperature of the TiN top electrode is higher than the HZO film crystallization temperature. In this study, 10-nm-thick TiN top electrodes were deposited at various temperatures on the HZO thin film to investigate the impact of the TiN deposition temperature on the structural features and ferroelectric properties of TiN/HZO/TiN capacitors. Only the sample capped with a TiN top electrode deposited at 400 °C showed ferroelectric properties without subsequent annealing (in situ crystallization). However, this sample exhibited an approximately 40% reduction in the polarization value compared with the other samples that were crystallized after the annealing process. This behavior can be ascribed to the formation of a monoclinic nonpolar phase. To prevent the degradation of the polarization value and suppress the formation of the m-phase in the in situ crystallized HZO thin film, a two-step TiN deposition method was carried out. The sample was fabricated by depositing a 5-nm-thick TiN top electrode at room temperature followed by the deposition of a 5-nm-thick TiN layer at 400 °C, which resulted in strong ferroelectric properties comparable to those of the samples capped with TiN grown at relatively low temperatures (room temperature, 200 °C, and 300 °C). These findings can adequately explain the role of the capping layer in achieving the ferroelectric phase, which is closely related not only during the cooling step of any thermal process but also during the heating and crystallization steps.
Interopera: An Efficient Cross-Chain Trading Protocol
Authors: Yin Lingyuan , Xu Jing , Zhang Zhenfeng 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
With the rapid development of blockchains, blockchain systems are moving on from a stand-alone manner to cross-chain interactions, and achieving interoperability is emerging as one of the essential features of blockchains. Unfortunately, existing mechanisms such as XCLAIM mostly focus on exchanging assets between two blockchains and it is slow and expensive to process each cross-chain trade among more than two blockchains as multiple transactions are required. In this paper, we present Interopera, a decentralized and efficient cross-chain trading protocol among two or more blockchains. Interopera atomically processes each cross-chain trade faster and more cheaply with fewer transactions by a two-phase lock/unlock process. Interopera also achieves efficient cross-chain communication by our presented Partitioned-FlyClient and Tx-FlyClient. Partitioned-FlyClient is based on FlyClient but more efficient with smaller proof size, reducing the storage and bandwidth overheads. Tx-FlyClient maintains efficiency even when cross-chain trades become frequent, instead of other mechanisms only being effective under low cross-chain trades volumes. We also develop a proof-of-concept implementation and the results demonstrate high efficiency of our protocol.
Photoinduced skin reactions of cardiovascular drugs—a systematic review
Authors: Götzinger Felix , Reichrath Jörg , Millenaar Dominic , Lauder Lucas , Meyer Markus R , Böhm Michael , Mahfoud Felix 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis systemic review aims to provide a practical overview of the prevalence, clinical manifestation, and management of adverse photoinduced skin reactions caused by frequently used cardiovascular drugs and to assess their potential relevance for skin cancer development. Data search included PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. A systematic review of peer-reviewed studies reporting the photosensitizing and/or skin cancer-inducing properties of common cardiovascular drugs was performed and a guide to clinical management of photoinduced skin eruptions by cardiovascular drugs was provided. Study quality was assessed for major methodological biases. A total of 58 studies were identified (i.e. 23 case reports, 14 observational studies, 10 review articles, 10 experimental studies, and 1 meta-analysis). Most commonly, drug-associated adverse photoinduced cutaneous reactions were caused by phototoxic and photoallergic mechanisms. There is evidence suggesting that amiodarone and dronedarone, thiazide diuretics, thiazide-like diuretics, angiotensin receptor blockers, dihydropyridine-type calcium channel blockers, and certain angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and statins may cause photoinduced adverse cutaneous reactions. Other drugs such as anticoagulants, antiplatelets, aldosterone antagonists, and fibrates have not been linked with photosensitizing reactions or adverse cutaneous reactions. Some drugs, i.e. thiazides and thiazide-like diuretics, were associated with an increased risk of non-melanoma skin cancers (basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma). Certain commonly used cardiovascular drugs have been associated with adverse photoinduced cutaneous reactions. If they occur, further diagnosis and treatment might be needed, depending on the severity and progress. Whether photosensitizing drugs increase the risk of skin cancer remains elusive and further randomized controlled trials are required.
Influence of atrial fibrillation on efficacy and safety of omecamtiv mecarbil in heart failure: the GALACTIC-HF trial
Authors: Solomon Scott D , Claggett Brian L , Miao Zi Michael , Diaz Rafael , Felker G Michael , McMurray John J V , Metra Marco , Corbalan Ramon , Filippatos Gerasimos , Goudev Assen R , Mareev Viatcheslav , Serpytis Pranas , Suter Thomas , Yilmaz Mehmet B , Zannad Faiez , Kupfer Stuart , Heitner Stephen B , Malik Fady I , Teerlink John R 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Aims
In GALACTIC-HF, the cardiac myosin activator omecamtiv mecarbil compared with placebo reduced the risk of heart failure events or cardiovascular death in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. We explored the influence of atrial fibrillation or flutter (AFF) on the effectiveness of omecamtiv mecarbil.

Methods and results
GALACTIC-HF enrolled patients with New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class II–IV heart failure, left ventricular ejection fraction ≤35%, and elevated natriuretic peptides. We assessed whether the presence or absence of AFF, a pre-specified subgroup, modified the treatment effect for the primary and secondary outcomes, and additionally explored effect modification in patients who were or were not receiving digoxin. Patients with AFF (n = 2245, 27%) were older, more likely to be randomized as an inpatient, less likely to have a history of ischaemic aetiology or myocardial infarction, had a worse NYHA class, worse quality of life, lower estimated glomerular filtration rate, and higher N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide. The treatment effect of omecamtiv mecarbil was modified by baseline AFF (interaction P = 0.012), with patients without AFF at baseline deriving greater benefit. The worsening of the treatment effect by baseline AFF was significantly more pronounced in digoxin users than in non-users (interaction P = 0.007); there was minimal evidence of effect modification in those patients not using digoxin (P = 0.47) or in digoxin users not in AFF.

Conclusion
Patients in AFF at baseline were less likely to benefit from omecamtiv mecarbil than patients without AFF, although the attenuation of the treatment effect was disproportionally concentrated in patients with AFF who were also receiving digoxin.
Clinical Trial Registration: NCT02929329