bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unraveling the genetic components of perenniality: Toward breeding for perennial grains
Authors: Kong Wen Qian , Nabukalu Pheonah , Cox Stan , Johnston Robyn , Scanlon Michael J. , Robertson Jon S. , Goff Valorie H. , Pierce Gary J. , Lemke Cornelia , Compton Rosana , Reeves Jaxk , Paterson Andrew H. 
Published: March 2022

Social Impact StatementAlthough tremendously successful at feeding humanity, row crop agriculture based on annuals contributes to numerous ecosystem dis‐services, ranging from soil degradation and aquatic eutrophication to greenhouse gas production. In contrast, perennial grain crops (which produce harvests for multiple seasons from single plantings) have the potential to provide valuable regulating and supporting ecosystem services in addition to food production. In particular, losses of ecological capital that threaten permanent food insecurity such as ~1% of global soil per year are expected to be mitigated or even reversed by crops that combine the high yield realized by scientific breeding via multiple cropping cycles from single plantings.Summary

Perennial herbaceous may provide food and biomass while preserving ecological capital and reducing energy inputs. Sorghum has two perennial relatives and rich morphological diversity being used to breed for perenniality.
We elucidate genetic determinants of rhizomatousness and survival, in two BC1F2 populations totaling 246 genotypes derived from backcrossing different annual Sorghum bicolor X perennial S. halepense F1 plants to a tetraploidized S. bicolor. RNA‐seq assisted in identifying candidate genes for rhizomatousness.
Correspondence of rhizomatousness quantitative trait loci (QTLs) with those from two populations derived from crosses between S. halepense progenitors S. bicolor X S. propinquum suggests either the preservation of interspecific polymorphism or the formation of novel alleles following polyploid S. halepense formation. Correspondence of tillering and branching QTLs further supports their developmental. Identification of genes from RNA‐seq study within QTL intervals provides insight toward discovery of causal rhizomatous genes.
An unexpected finding from both S. halepense‐ and S. propinquum‐derived populations is that alleles contributing to late flowering are related to reduced rhizomatousness. Twelve of 16 QTL regions conferring rhizomatousness fall in paleo‐duplicated regions tracing to single ancestral regions 96 million years ago, indicating that corresponding genes in these regions have retained similar functions since the duplication event.
Ten years of paediatric robotic surgery: Lessons learned
Authors: Salö Martin , Bonnor Linda , Graneli Christina , Stenström Pernilla , Anderberg Magnus 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundCosts and a low total number of cases may be obstacles to the successful implementation of a paediatric robotic surgery programme. The aim of this study was to evaluate a decade of paediatric robotic surgery and to reflect upon factors for success and to consider obstacles.Materials and MethodsAll children operated on with robotic‐assisted laparoscopic surgery between 2006 and 2016 were included in a retrospective, single‐institutional study in Lund, Sweden.ResultsA total of 152 children underwent robotic surgery during the study time with the most frequent procedures being fundoplication (n = 55) and pyeloplasty (n = 53). Procedure times decreased significantly during the study period. Overall, 18 (12%) of the operations were converted to open surgery, and seven (5%) patients required a reoperation.ConclusionsDespite a low volume of surgery, we have successfully introduced robotic paediatric surgery in our department. Our operative times and conversion rates are continuously decreasing.
Sliding mode control of uncertain FMII 2D systems under directional event‐triggered schemes
Authors: Lv Xinyu , Niu Yugang , Cao Zhiru 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article is concerned with the event‐triggered sliding mode control problem for two‐dimensional (2D) systems depicted by the second Fornasini–Marchesini (FMII) model. By considering the structural characteristics of FMII 2D systems, three event‐triggering schemes in one or two directions are analyzed and the corresponding partial ordering on pairs of triggering instants are given. In particular, the two‐directional event‐triggering scheme reflects the essential difference between FMII model and Roesser model. Accordingly, a two‐directional event‐triggered mechanism from sensors to controller is developed and the event‐triggered sliding mode controller is designed. Since the FMII 2D model is affected by two adjacent control signals, the updation of the control signals at two points and is detailedly discussed. Both the reachability of the sliding surface and the uniform ultimate boundedness of the resultant closed‐loop system are achieved. Meanwhile, the desired controller gain matrix and sliding matrix are determined by solving stability conditions. Finally, the proposed control scheme is further demonstrated via the heat exchanger process.
The effect of E‐cigarette indoor vaping restrictions on infant mortality
Authors: Cooper Michael , Pesko Michael F. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe estimate the effect of county‐level e‐cigarette indoor vaping restrictions (IVRs) on infant mortality using United States birth certificates from 2010 to 2015. We estimate difference‐in‐differences models and find that e‐cigarette IVRs increased infant mortality by 0.39 infants per 1000 live births (12.9%). These effects were disproportionately higher for infants born to younger mothers and in locations with higher baseline levels of prenatal smoking. Infant mortality increased by 34.1% between 100 days to 1 year after IVRs. Infant mortality due to infections and neoplasms were particularly elevated.
Development and evaluation of a multi‐class analytical method based on solid‐phase extraction combined with liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry for the analysis of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in urban wastewater samples
Authors: Konda Satyanand , Asati Ankita , Williams Mike , Mudiam Mohana Krishna Reddy 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAn analytical method has been developed for the quantitative evaluation of 64 pharmaceuticals and personal care products in urban wastewater using solid‐phase extraction coupled with liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry. Design of experiments approach was used in the multiparametric optimization of solid‐phase extraction method for the analysis of pharmaceuticals and personal care products. The method was found to be linear within the range of 0.01–1 μg/L with coefficient of determination (R2) ranging from 0.990 to 0.999. The limit of detection and limit of quantification were found to be in the range of 0.002–0.028 and 0.007–0.091 μg/L, respectively. The accuracy was calculated with respect to percent recovery, and it was found to be in the range of 70.0–129% for all the analytes. The intra‐ and interday precisions were found to be less than 15% relative standard deviation for all the analytes. The developed analytical method was applied to real samples collected from four different sampling sites of Musi River in Hyderabad to evaluate its performance. The method found a wide application for the analysis of urban wastewater samples.
Visual Plagiarism: Seeing the Forest and the Trees
Authors: Foxe John Paul , Miller Allyson , Farrelly Glen , Hui Vincent , Nubla Dianne , Schindler-Lynch Colleen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRecent years have seen an increase in conversations in higher education around academic integrity. The subject of plagiarism in traditional written assessments has been much discussed and well researched. Considerably less is known about visual plagiarism. For the purposes of this chapter, we are defining “visuals” as mechanisms that convey meaning without articulation of, or dependence on language. Although some scholarly literature on visual plagiarism exists, there is a dearth of comprehensive literature on the topic and even less published are instructional or best-practice resources for instructors. Further complicating this topic are the differing ethical, legal, professional, and academic standards across fields. Here, we discuss practical ways to pre-emptively approach the topic of visual plagiarism through the education of faculty and students. We address prevention with suggestions for best practices in four distinct disciplines. Additionally, academic policy and administrative challenges are explored. Finally, we make recommendations for further research. This chapter will be of use both across Canada and globally, by providing a framework for defining and examining visual plagiarism in academic contexts and offering guidelines for pedagogical approaches to educate faculty, administration, and students on this important issue.
Beyond the Traditional: Academic Integrity in Canadian Librarianship
Authors: Morrow Leeanne 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAcademic integrity and information literacy concepts are interwoven throughout academic processes. In Canada these are reflected in both secondary and postsecondary assessment environments. Academic librarians are well positioned within and beyond the academy to promote a culture of academic integrity to post-secondary and high school students. In 2008 authors Drinan and Bertram Gallant addressed the opportunity for librarians to take an active role in building a culture of integrity stating “The issue of plagiarism is one that cries out for the active participation of librarians not only in the academic integrity systems on their respective campuses, but also in the national and international academic integrity movement” (p. 137). The question is where are librarians in this movement in Canada? Beyond plagiarism, how far have librarians come in their involvement in academic integrity culture both on and off Canadian campuses? This chapter will look beyond the librarian's role in teaching information literacy and its principles in the classroom to further examine the inroads being made as an active partner with campus services and students in our communities. Connections between ACRL's six information literacy frames and academic integrity with a specific focus on “Scholarship as Conversation” and the role students' play in this process will be highlighted. Librarians have a pivotal role to play in moving the academic integrity conversation forward. Through their understanding of critical and ethical use of information they can be at the forefront of advocating for integrity in academic work and assisting in the success of students on and off campus.
Understanding Provincial and Territorial Academic Integrity Policies for Elementary and Secondary Education in Canada
Authors: Stoesz Brenda M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractResearch on academic integrity and misconduct in higher education is not difficult to locate, as work in this area has increased dramatically over the past several decades. Overall, findings reveal that cheating is a serious problem plaguing higher education with many institutions documenting various approaches to address the relevant issues. A careful look at this literature, however, exposes significant gaps in our understanding of academic integrity and misconduct in Canadian elementary and secondary (or K-12) education, which is problematic as behaviours practiced in these settings during the formative years may influence behaviours in later life stages. Furthermore, school policies, which reinforce expectations for students and teachers in the workplace are of particular importance as K-12 teachers arguably impact students’ approaches to academic integrity. This chapter focuses on key questions related to K-12 education in Canada: Do provincial and territorial ministries of education address academic integrity through policy for K-12 education? If these policies exist, what evidence demonstrates their influence on the implementation of academic integrity education at the school level? To begin to examine these questions, I conducted an environmental scan of Canadian ministries of education websites to identify academic integrity and misconduct policies. I found that only a few education ministries outline student expectations for academic integrity and consequences for misconduct or describe teacher responsibilities for providing academic integrity education and responding to academic misconduct (i.e., Newfoundland and Labrador, Manitoba, and Saskatchewan). To conclude this chapter, I discuss the implications of the presence or absence of effective academic integrity and misconduct policies for K-12 education in Canada and beyond, the impact on higher education and advanced training, as well as avenues for future research in the field.
Contract Cheating in Canada: A Comprehensive Overview
Authors: Eaton Sarah Elaine 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this chapter I present an overview of contract cheating in Canada over half a century, from 1970 to the early 2020s. I offer details about a failed attempt at legislation to make ghostwritten essays and exams illegal in Ontario in 1972. Then, I highlight a 1989 criminal case, noted as being the first of its kind in Canada, and possibly the Commonwealth, in which an essay mill owner and his wife were charged with fraud and conspiracy. The case was dismissed by the judge, leaving the contract cheating industry to flourish, which it has done. I synthesize the scant empirical data available for Canada and offer an educated estimate of the prevalence of contract cheating. Finally, I conclude with a call to action for educators, advocates, and policy makers. I conclude with a call to action for Canadians to take a stronger stance against contract cheating.
Debates in Public Policy—Problem Framing, Knowledge and Interests
Authors: Head Brian W. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThere are different types of public policy problems. In democratic political systems, policy problems arise in very diverse political and institutional contexts. These influence how the problems are debated and resolved. Policy decision-making is structured through organisational processes that reflect historical institutional arrangements. Complex policy problems often involve conflicting interests and divergent perceptions among various stakeholder groups. Disagreements about problems and policies arise from many factors, including material interests, socio-cultural values and political (dis)trust. The framing of problems and solutions is expressed in different ways, through the language of economic benefits, ideological outlooks, group values and political loyalties. Leaders of political, economic and social organisations argue for the priority of some issues over others, depending on their judgements about threats, rewards and opportunities. Leaders typically offer simplified and persuasive narratives about problems and solutions, in order to attract wide support for their preferred approach. Evidence and expertise are mobilised selectively by policy actors to influence the perceived credibility of their own favoured policy options. However, rigorous evidence is not privileged in everyday politics—policy debates are structured through the interplay of many forms of knowledge, values, emotions and interests. Expertise can assist in managing complex problems but never determines the outcomes.
Repulsive black holes and higher-derivatives
Authors: Cremonini Sera , Jones Callum R. T. , Liu James T. , McPeak Brian , Tang Yuezhang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In two-derivative theories of gravity coupled to matter, charged black holes are self-attractive at large distances, with the force vanishing at zero temperature. However, in the presence of massless scalar fields and four-derivative corrections, zero-temperature black holes no longer need to obey the no-force condition. In this paper, we show how to calculate the long-range force between such black holes. We develop an efficient method for computing the higher-derivative corrections to the scalar charges when the theory has a shift symmetry, and compute the resulting force in a variety of examples. We find that higher-derivative corrected black holes may be self-attractive or self-repulsive, depending on the value of the Wilson coefficients and the VEVs of scalar moduli. Indeed, we find black hole solutions which are both superextremal and self-attractive. Furthermore, we present examples where no choice of higher-derivative coefficients allows for self-repulsive black hole states in all directions in charge space. This suggests that, unlike the Weak Gravity Conjecture, which may be satisfied by the black hole spectrum alone, the Repulsive Force Conjecture requires additional constraints on the spectrum of charged particles.
Precision holography for 5D Super Yang-Mills
Authors: Gautason Friðrik Freyr , Puletti Valentina Giangreco M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We study 1/2-BPS Wilson loop (WL) operators in maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory (MSYM) on S5. Their vacuum expectation value (vev) can be computed exactly at large N thanks to supersymmetric localization. The holographic dual to MSYM on S5 is geometrically realized by a stack of N D4-branes with spherical worldvolume in ten dimensions. We compute the vev of the circular WL using holography by evaluating the partition function of a fundamental string in this background. Our focus is on the next-to-leading order correction to the string partition function which is composed of two parts; the dilaton coupling to the worldsheet and the one-loop fluctuations of the worldsheet itself. We face a variety of issues, some related to the presence of a non-constant dilaton, and others that are common to its AdS analogue. However, the universality of UV divergences as well as the importance of a proper choice of an IR regulator have been recently stressed in the literature. Inspired by this, we resolve our issues by first carefully treating the Weyl anomaly which receives contributions from the non-constant dilaton, and then by computing the ratio of our partition function and the one of a string in AdS4×CP3, which is dual to a 1/2-BPS WL in ABJM. Crucially, this approach yields a finite result which matches the corresponding ratio of WL vevs on the gauge theory side.
Chancen und Herausforderungen der zunehmenden Digitalisierung der Lehre im Fach Anästhesiologie aus Sicht der Studierenden
Authors: Hunck S. , Engelhard K. , Mildenberger P. , Kurz S. 
Published: March 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die COVID-19-Pandemie hat die medizinische Lehre weltweit verändert. Seit dem Sommersemester 2020 stehen digitale Lehrformate im Fokus, deren Einsatz zuvor in Intensität und Form in Deutschland sehr unterschiedlich ausgeprägt war.

Ziel der Arbeit
Die vorliegende Untersuchung stellt die Chancen und Herausforderungen des Einsatzes verschiedener digitaler Lehrformate in der Anästhesiologie aus der Sicht der Studierenden dar.

Methode
Medizinstudierende der Semester 5–9 im Fachgebiet Anästhesiologie wurden anhand eines 5‑Punkte-Likert-skalierten Fragebogens zu ihren Einstellungen und Erfahrungen mit der digitalen Lehre im Sommersemester 2020 befragt. Untersuchte Lehrformate waren digital aufgezeichnete Vorlesungen sowie Video-Online-Seminare und Praktika.

Ergebnisse
An der vorliegenden Studie nahmen 141 Studierende teil. Insgesamt haben 80,9 % der Studierenden mehr aufgezeichnete Vorlesungen online angehört, als sie Präsenzvorlesungen besucht hätten, und 84,3 % würden dies auch zukünftig so machen. Obwohl die Studierenden digitale Vorlesungen und Video-Online-Seminare für die Wissensvermittlung als geeignet beurteilten, besteht für die Zukunft der Wunsch, diese zur Wissensvertiefung wieder durch mehr praktischen Präsenzunterricht in Kleingruppen zu ergänzen.

Schlussfolgerung
Als Vorteil digitaler asynchroner Formate unterstreicht die Studie die Option des zeit- und ortsunabhängigen individuellen Lernens. Als klarer Nachteil dieser Formate ist die mangelnde Interaktion von Studierenden und Dozierenden zu nennen. So erscheint es sinnvoll, die im Rahmen der COVID-19-Pandemie forcierte Digitalisierung für die Wissensvermittlung der für die Anästhesiologie relevanten Inhalte weiterauszubauen und im Sinne einer Blended-Learning-Strategie zu optimieren.
Fractures in elderly mice demonstrate delayed ossification of the soft callus: a cellular and radiographic study
Authors: Clement N. D. , Gaston M. S. , Simpson A. H. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to assess the cellular age-related changes in fracture repair and relate these to the observed radiographic assessments at differing time points.MethodsTransverse traumatic tibial diaphyseal fractures were created in 12–14 weeks old (youngn = 16) and 18 months old (elderlyn = 20) in Balb/C wild mice. Fracture calluses were harvested at five time points from 1 to 35 days post fracture for histomorphometry (percent of cartilage and bone), radiographic analysis (total callus volume, callus index, and relative bone mineral content).ResultsThe elderly mice produced an equal amount of cartilage when compared to young mice (p > 0.08). However, by day 21 there was a significantly greater percentage of bone at the fracture site in the young group (mean percentage 50% versus 11%,p < 0.001). It was not until day 35 when the elderly group produced a similar amount of bone compared to the young group at 21 days (50% versus 53%, non-significant (ns)). The callus area and callus index on radiographic assessment was not significantly different between young and elderly groups at any time point. Relative bone mineral content was significantly greater in the young group at 14 days (545.7 versus -120.2,p < 0.001) and 21 days (888.7 versus 451.0,p < 0.001) when compared to the elderly group. It was not until day 35 when the elderly group produced a similar relative bone mineral content as the young group at 21 days (888.7 versus 921.8, ns).ConclusionsElderly mice demonstrated a delay in endochondral ossification which was associated with a decreased relative bone mineral content at the fracture site and may help assess these cellular changes in a clinical setting.
Aachen Technology Overview of 3D Textile Materials and Recent Innovation and Applications
Authors: Gries Thomas , Bettermann Isa , Blaurock Carolin , Bündgens Andreas , Dittel Gözdem , Emonts Caroline , Gesché Valentine , Glimpel Nikola , Kolloch Martin , Grigat Niels , Löcken Henning , Löwen Alexander , Jacobsen Jens-Lennart , Kimm Magdalena , Kelbel Hannah , Kröger Hauke , Kuo Kai-Chieh , Peiner Christoph , Sackmann Johannes , Schwab Max 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper provides an overview of the recent definition, technologies and current trends regarding 3D fabrics. In this paper a definition of 3D fabrics, including spacer fabrics, is given and the recent technologies regarding weaving, braiding, weft and warp knitting and tailored fiber placement are presented. Furthermore, an overview of the latest developments in 3D fabrics at the Institut für Textiltechnik of RWTH Aachen University is presented including: large circular 3D knitting, braided and woven structures for medical purposes, newest testing methods and equipment for spacer fabrics, multiaxial fabrics for composites, warp knitted spacer fabrics for space and construction applications, ceramic matrix composite 3D braiding and 4D textiles.