bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A phosphorus/sulfur‐containing compound toward simultaneously endowing epoxy resin with good flame retardancy and high transparency
Authors: Ding Haohao , Luo Zhonglin , Wang Biaobing 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA phosphorus/sulfur‐containing compound (sulfonylbis(3,1‐phenylene) bis(diphenyl‐phosphinate), named as SBPDPP) is designed and synthesized by nucleophilic substitution reaction between diphenylphosphinyl chloride and 4,4‐dihydroxydiphenylsulfone, and its chemical structure is verified by Fourier transform infrared, 1H and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance. The incorporation of SBPDPP accelerates the curing process but decreases the glass transition temperature and the crosslinking density of the epoxy resin (EP). The cured EP with 6 wt% SBPDPP passes UL‐94 V0 rating and gives limited oxygen index value of 38.8%, meanwhile maintaining 90% of the transmittance of the pure EP. Its peak heat release rate, total heat release, total smoke production, and total smoke rate are reduced by 40.8%, 42.0%, 26.3%, and 21.9% in comparison with the pure EP, demonstrating that the SBPDPP improved simultaneously the fire safety and smoke suppression. The comprehensive analysis of the char residues after cone calorimeter test and the volatile gasses during the pyrolysis demonstrates that the SBPDPP exerted dual flame retardant effect in the gas and condensed phase. The cured FREPs have promising applications that requiring flame retardancy and maintaining transparency.
Additively manufactured short carbon fiber reinforced polyetheretherketone by coating polyetherimide at the interface using fused filament fabrication
Authors: Wang Pei , Zhang Hongjie , Cao Yitao , Pan Aigang , Wu Weichao 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe poor interfacial interactions and bonding between short carbon fibers (CFs) and polyetheretherketone (PEEK) resin matrix is a great challenge to manufacture high‐performance 3D printed CF/PEEK composites. Therefore, this paper presents a research focusing on the compatibility of CFs and PEEK. We propose an effective method to graft polyetherimide (PEI) onto activated CFs, then, composite filaments with modified fiber contents of 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10% were prepared using fused filament fabrication (FFF). The chemical structures and surface morphologies of modified CFs were characterized, and the rougher surfaces with more polar groups can enhance the wettability of these CFs, which is improve the physical adhesion with PEEK. The thermal properties and mechanical properties of CF/PEEK composites within different carbon fiber contents were investigated. The results show that the tensile strength, flexural strength and interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of 3D printed 5 wt% PEI@CF/PEEK parts were greatly improved by 40.85% (92.4 MPa), 35.70% (151.3 MPa) and 130.22% (26.59 MPa), respectively, which caused by the improvement of interfacial adhesion between CFs and PEEK resin. The results suggested that this modification is an effective approach to coating PEI on the surface of carbon fiber and enhance the mechanical properties of 3D printed PEEK composites. This method provides new insights for fabricating high‐performance 3D printed thermoplastic composites.
Mechanical properties and interfacial interactions in oleyl titanate‐treated blast furnace slag/polypropylene composites
Authors: Akkoyun Serife 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this study, the effect of oleyl titanate coupling agent (oTi) treatment of blast furnace slag (BFS) on the thermal and mechanical properties and especially on the interfacial interactions in BFS filled polypropylene (PP) composites was investigated. The crystallinity of the composites decreases with increasing oTi‐treated BFS loading. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results show an effective surface modification of BFS particles. Energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy measurements and scanning electron microscopy confirm good interfacial interactions between oTi‐treated BFS and PP matrix. Elongation at break and elastic modulus are significantly increased up to 70% and 22%, respectively. These results are emphasized by a half‐debonding angle of 37.61° which indicates strong interfacial adhesion between oTi‐treated BFS particles and PP matrix. These results clearly show that oTi treatment significantly improves the compatibility between BFS particles and PP matrix. These results will encourage the recycling of BFS and reducing the cost of PP composites used in many industries.
Fabrication of anti‐UV absorbing and antibacterial soybean protein isolate composite film modified with thyme and mangosteen peel extracts
Authors: Lu Yunlong , Huang Youjia , Zhang Tianjing , Zhou Xin , Li Han , Qin Zhiyong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn order to reduce the threat of ‘plastic pollution’ and reduce or eliminate some traditional polymer packaging materials, in this study, soybean protein isolate (SPI) composite film, a biodegradable natural polymer film, was prepared by tape casting method with Thyme (Thy) and mangosteen peel extracts (MPE) as antibacterial agents. The antibacterial rates of the composite films against E. coli and S. aureus were 95.79% and 92.63%, respectively, and the DPPH free radical scavenging rate was 70.28%. The composite film had good UV–visible barrier properties. Compared with the pure SPI film, the tensile strength of the composite film was improved, the water absorption, water solubility, and water vapor permeability were reduced, and the contact angle was improved. The maximum thermal decomposition temperature of the composite film increased and the thermal stability increased. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) studies showed the polyphenol‐protein of the composite film was bound by hydrophobic interaction. X‐ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) showed good interaction with the protein structure by adding antibacterial substances and their aromatic quinone structures. X‐ray Diffraction (XRD) studies showed that the crystallinity of the composite films increased. Therefore, the composite membrane in this study can be used to prepare high‐strength packaging materials with antibacterial functions.
High performance polyvinyl alcohol/polylactic acid materials: Facile preparation and improved properties
Authors: Wang Wenqiang , Gong Yiming , Sun Qingqing , Li Liuzemu , Xu Airong , Liu Rukuan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDeveloping eco‐friendly products to replace fossil‐based ones which are difficult to degrade and pollute survival environment, is of great significance for human health and environmental protection. Here, the preparation of green polyvinyl alcohol/polylactic acid (PVA/PLA) materials has been achieved for the first time using a simple and effective strategy. Interestingly, after the composite of PVA with PLA, PLA can remarkedly enhance tensile strength, elongation at break, biocompatibility and thermostability of the PVA/PLA material. Moreover, the material is biodegradable in natural environment. At the same time, scanning electron micrograph (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and infrared spectra (IR) techniques are employed to systematically study the effects of PVA/PLA mass ratio on the morphology, crystallinity and chemical structure of the PVA/PLA material and possible interaction between PVA and PLA. It is expected that this study can provide a new insight into the fabrication of green PVA‐based products with high performance and practical application.
Frühzeitiges Versagen bei hochfesten Stahlbetonstützen mit großen Stabdurchmessern
Authors: Wolfger Hannes , Kollegger Johann 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDer Einsatz hochfester Materialien im Stahlbetonbau ermöglicht die Herstellung schlanker Bauteile. Vor allem im Hochhausbau kann dadurch die Wirtschaftlichkeit eines Gebäudes gesteigert werden, etwa durch die Erhöhung der Nutzflächen aufgrund schlanker Stützen. Untersuchungen aus der Vergangenheit dokumentierten hingegen ein frühzeitiges Bauteilversagen beim Einsatz von hochfestem Beton in Stahlbetonstützen. Vor allem bei zentrischem Druck kann die rechnerische Querschnittstragfähigkeit des Druckglieds aufgrund der Abplatzung der Betondeckung nicht erreicht werden. Diese Untersuchungen waren jedoch vom Bewehrungsgrad (≤ 6 %) und den verwendeten Stabdurchmessern (≤ 25 mm) stark begrenzt. Aus diesem Grund wurden an der TU Wien experimentelle Untersuchungen an hochfesten Stützen durchgeführt, welche in diesem Beitrag beschrieben werden. In zwei Versuchsserien wurde der Einfluss unterschiedlicher Stabdurchmesser (bis 63,5 mm), verschiedener Stahlgüten (B 550 und SAS 670/800) und der Einfluss der Dicke der Betondeckung untersucht. Des Weiteren beinhalten die Versuchsserien Untersuchungen an Stoßausführungen bei Ortbetonstützen und bei Fertigsteilstützen.
Towards closed carbon loop fermentations: Cofeeding of Yarrowia lipolytica with glucose and formic acid
Authors: van Winden Wouter A. , Mans Robert , Breestraat Stefaan , Verlinden Rob A. J. , Mielgo‐Gómez Álvaro , de Hulster Erik A. F. , de Bruijn Hans M. C. J. , Noorman Henk J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA novel fermentation process was developed in which renewable electricity is indirectly used as an energy source in fermentation, synergistically decreasing both the consumption of sugar as a first generation carbon source and emission of the greenhouse gas CO2. As an illustration, a glucose‐based process is co‐fed with formic acid, which can be generated by capturing CO2 from fermentation offgas followed by electrochemical reduction with renewable electricity. This “closed carbon loop” concept is demonstrated by a case study in which cofeeding formic acid is shown to significantly increase the yield of biomass on glucose of the industrially relevant yeast species Yarrowia lipolytica. First, the optimal feed ratio of formic acid to glucose is established using chemostat cultivations. Subsequently, guided by a dynamic fermentation process model, a fed‐batch protocol is developed and demonstrated on laboratory scale. Finally, the developed fed‐batch process is tested and proven to be scalable at pilot scale. Extensions of the concept are discussed to apply the concept to anaerobic fermentations, and to recycle the O2 that is co‐generated with the formic acid to aerobic fermentation processes for intensification purposes.
A primitive model for intercalation–conversion bifunctional battery materials
Authors: Huang Jun , Gao Yu , Peng Zhangquan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractExploiting the synergy between intercalation and conversion reactions in a single battery material seems to be an emerging trend. We develop, herein, a primitive physicochemical model to understand the basic features of this new kind of battery material. The model describes intercalation and conversion reactions at the solid‐electrolyte interface, coupled with a solid‐phase diffusion process. Two cases of the electrode–electrolyte interface are considered. In the first case, the conversion reaction does not change the structure of the electrode–electrolyte interface. In the second case, the conversion reaction forms/decomposes a new phase of matter deposited on the electrode surface. The model sheds light on a few interesting aspects of the intercalation–conversion bifunctional system, including two‐stage discharging–charging behavior, interplay between intercalation and conversion reactions, and asymmetry between discharging and charging processes.
Design and implementation of a microcontroller training kit for blend learning
Authors: Mahmood Ahlam F. , Ahmed Kasim A. , Mahmood Hamed A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractToday, microcontrollers are of paramount importance in various aspects of life. They are used for design in many industrial fields from simple to highly complex devices. With a COVID‐19 crisis going on, blending learning is the ideal solution for a post‐pandemic society. This paper proposes a blended learning system as a solution to address today's problem in teaching microcontroller courses through collaboration between distance learning with the proposed training toolkit for real work. Implementation of the proposed solution began by constructing an inexpensive training kit (100$), to empower all students, even those in remote rural areas. The distance learning model allows the simulation of the proposed IoT projects electronically anywhere and at any time using the Proteus design suite, which helps students to conduct them before the actual laboratory appointment. Two learning models are programmed in assembly language which is directly related to the internal architecture of the microcontroller and provides access to all the real capabilities of its central processing unit. To get acquainted with all the features offered by the microcontroller integrated circuit, various IoT projects were constructed, each one dedicated to learning its architecture features, important to engineering students. The proposed IoT systems operate with a minimum consuming power that is very important for portable devices. Questionnaire questions for students were formulated to measure the proposed system benefit over three academic years.
Bisabolane Sesquiterpenes with Anti‐Inflammatory Activities from the Endophytic Fungus Penicillium citrinum DF47
Authors: Cheng Xue , Wang Juan , Huang Shuhuan , He Jianlin , Hong Bihong , Yu Miao , Niu Siwen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSeven new bisabolane‐type sesquiterpenes (1–7), namely penicibisabolanes A–G, together with eight known analogs (8–15) were obtained from the AcOEt extract of the millet fermentation broth of the endophytic fungus Penicillium citrinum DF47, which was isolated from the fresh root of Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf. The gross structures of new metabolites were determined on the basis of the spectroscopic data (HR‐ESI‐MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectra), while their absolute configurations were resolved by comparison of the experimental and calculated ECD spectra, in association with specific rotation data. Compound 1 is a rare seco‐trinor‐bisabolane sesquiterpene found in nature, while 3 is the first example of phenolic bisabolanes bearing a methoxy group at C‐1. All the isolates were evaluated their inhibitory effects against NO production in lipopolysaccharides (LPS) stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Among them, compounds 7 and 13 showed moderately anti‐inflammatory effects with the inhibitory rate more than 50 % at the concentration of 20 μM.
Copper‐Catalyzed 1,2,5‐Trifunctionalization of Terminal Alkynes Using SR as a Transient Directing Group for Radical Translocation
Authors: Feng Jian , Zhang Fang , Shu Chenyun , Zhu Gangguo 
Published: April 2022

Comprehensive SummaryThe first Cu‐catalyzed 1,2,5‐trifunctionalization of abundant terminal alkynes is realized by merging hydrogen atom transfer and traceless directing strategy with SR as a transient group, delivering highly functionalized aldehydes in moderate to excellent yields with broad substrate scope. The synthetic utility of this method was demonstrated by the gram‐scale reaction and downstream transformations of the resultant products. Given the high efficient installation of three different functional groups in a single reaction, it can serve as a very attractive method for rapidly assembling complex molecules from readily available starting materials.
Halide‐Free Synthesis of New Difluoro(oxalato)borate [DFOB]−‐Based Ionic Liquids and Organic Ionic Plastic Crystals
Authors: Kang Colin S. M. , Hutt Oliver E. , Pringle Jennifer M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe implementation of next‐generation batteries requires the development of safe, compatible electrolytes that are stable and do not cause safety problems. The difluoro(oxalato)borate ([DFOB]−) anion has been used as an electrolyte additive to aid with stability, but such an approach has most commonly been carried out using flammable solvent electrolytes. As an alternative approach, utilisation of the [DFOB]− anion to make ionic liquids (ILs) or Organic Ionic Plastic Crystals (OIPCs) allows the advantageous properties of ILs or OIPCs, such as higher thermal stability and non‐volatility, combined with the benefits of the [DFOB]− anion. Here, we report the synthesis of new [DFOB]−‐based ILs paired with triethylmethylphosphonium [P1222]+, and diethylisobutylmethylphosphonium [P122i4]+. We also report the first OIPCs containing the [DFOB]− anion, formed by combination with the 1‐ethyl‐1‐methylpyrrolidinium [C2mpyr]+ cation, and the triethylmethylammonium [N1222]+ cation. The traditional synthetic route using halide starting materials has been successfully replaced by a halide‐free tosylate‐based synthetic route that is advantageous for a purer, halide free product. The synthesised [DFOB]−‐based salts exhibit good thermal stability, while the ILs display relatively high ionic conductivity. Thus, the new [DFOB]−‐based electrolytes show promise for further investigation as battery electrolytes both in liquid and solid‐state form.
Zero‐input‐current ripple high voltage‐gain DC‐DC converters—A new design approach
Authors: Xu Pingfan , Yu Samson S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAlthough numerous high‐voltage‐gain converters have been proposed, the input current ripple problem associated with high voltage gains is yet to be fully developed. In this paper, a systematic approach is proposed for novel power converter topologies design, to address this problem. With the proposed design guideline, a series of DC‐DC converters with zero input current ripple (ZICR) and high voltage gain are developed. Then, detailed analyses are presented using a typical converter to reveal the working principle and detailed parameters design. Lastly, simulation and experimental verification is conducted, which verifies the effectiveness of this design.
Two‐way decode and forward quadrature media‐based modulation for single‐input multiple‐output scheme
Authors: Bamisaye Ayodeji James , Quazi Tahmid 
Published: April 2022

SummaryThe recently proposed quadrature spatial modulation aided single‐input multiple‐output media‐based modulation (QSM aided SIMO‐MBM) improves the spectral efficiency and achieves a high data rate and overall system error performance when compared with conventional SIMO‐MBM and SIMO schemes. Cooperative network (CN) involves collaboration among nodes to improve wireless network reliability, link quality, and spectral efficiency. This paper investigates the performance of QSM aided SIMO‐MBM in CN by employing the decode and forward relaying technique, which utilizes two source nodes that simultaneously transmit a unique message block on the same time slot to the relay node; the relay node decodes the received message block from both transmitting nodes, before re‐encoding and re‐transmitting the decoded message block in the next time slot to the destinations in order to enhance the error performance of the QSM aided SIMO‐MBM further. Each node can decode the data of the other node using network coding (NC) techniques. Algebraic algorithms are applied to the detected message to accumulate the various transmissions. The theoretical average error probability of the proposed scheme was formulated using a lower bound technique, and the Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) results obtained validated the result. The MCS results achieved exhibit a significant improvement of 8 dB at 6 b/s/Hz for a BER of
and 12 dB at 8 b/s/Hz for a BER of
over the conventional QSM aided SIMO‐MBM scheme. Consequently, the obtained results show that the system configuration with
outperforms the system configuration with
for the proposed scheme.
Lrwd1 impacts cell proliferation and the silencing of repetitive DNA elements
Authors: Kang Tze Zhen Evangeline , Wan Yi Ching Esther , Zhang Zhiguo , Chan Kui Ming 
Published: April 2022

SummaryLRWD1, also known as ORCA, is a nuclear protein functioning in multiple biological processes. Using its WD40 domain LRWD1 interacts with repressive histone marks and maintains the silencing of heterochromatin regions in mammalian cells. ORCA also associates with the origin recognition complex (ORC) and facilitates prereplication complex formation at late‐replicating origins. However, whether LRWD1 plays a role during development and the functional significance of LRWD1 in vivo remains largely unknown. Using gene‐trap approach we generated Lrwd1 knockout mice and examined the expression of Lrwd1 during embryonic development. We found that Lrwd1 is ubiquitously expressed in the majority of the developing mouse embryo. Depletion of LRWD1 did not affect embryonic development but the postnatal growth of the homozygous mutants is retarded. In vitro cultured mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) depleted of LRWD1 displayed a reduced proliferation compared to wild type cells. We also showed that the knockout of Lrwd1 in MEFs increased the expression of the epigenetically silenced repetitive elements but with minimal effect on the expression of protein coding genes. Together, these results suggest that LRWD1 plays an important, but not essential, role in postnatal development by regulating cell proliferation likely through modulating DNA replication.
Urban environments harbor greater oomycete and Phytophthora diversity, creating a bridgehead for potential new pathogens to natural ecosystems
Authors: Dale Angela L. , Feau Nicolas , Berube Jean A. , Ponchart Julien , Bilodeau Guillaume J. , Hamelin Richard C. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAnthropogenic activities contribute to changes in the range and distribution of species. Globalization is resulting in human‐mediated dispersal that is causing a breakdown in normal biogeographic barriers. But the impact of anthropogenic activities on plant pathogen communities is still poorly understood. We conducted an eDNA metabarcoding study to compare communities of oomycetes, a group of eukaryotic microorganisms that comprises important crop and tree pathogens, in urban, natural, and interface environments. Oomycete diversity and abundance were highest in human impacted urban environments and lowest in natural environments, while the interface environments were intermediate. Urban environments had the highest proportion of sites where species of the plant pathogenic genus Phytophthora were found, as well as the largest number of unknown or undescribed Phytophthora species. The taxa overlap between urban and interface environments was one order of magnitude larger than the overlap between urban and natural environments. Our analyses show that urban/natural interface areas likely act as a bridge for invasion into natural environments. This could impact both the natural biota and natural ecosystem processes. Our study serves as a warning that some Phytophthora species introduced from nurseries or spread by human movement could pose a threat to natural ecosystems. Shifting patterns in oomycete communities could interfere with natural ecosystem processes and result in increases in disease and ecosystem declines.