bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing and Validating a Machine Learning Prognostic Model for Alerting to Imminent Deterioration of Hospitalized Patients with Covid-19
Authors: Kogan Yuri , Robinson Ari , Itelman Edward , Bar-Nur Yeonatan , Jakobson Daniel Jorge , Segal Gad , Agur Zvia 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We developed and validated a new approach, embodied in a new machine learning-based model, for sequentially monitoring hospitalized COVID-19 patients and directing professional attention to patients whose deterioration is imminent. We used real-world patient data for model development (598 prediction events for 210 patients), internal validation (315 prediction events for 97 patients), and external validation (1373 prediction events for 307 patients). We found significant divergence in longitudinal values of eight routinely collected blood parameters appearing several days before deterioration. Our model extracts these worsening signals to predict the personal likelihood of transition from non-severe to severe status within a well-specified short time window. We validated the model's prediction accuracy internally (ROC AUC of 0.8 and 0.79) and externally (ROC AUC of 0.7 and 0.73) for prediction scopes of 48 hours or 96 hours, respectively. Results suggest that it is possible to predict the deterioration of non-severe COVID-19 patients within a short time window by eight routine blood parameters. A prospective clinical study and an impact assessment will allow the implementation of this model as a clinical decision support system to improve care, streamline resources and ease hospital burden by timely focusing the medical attention on potentially deteriorating patients.
Bag of Visual Words (BoVW) with Deep Features - Patch Classification Model for Limited Dataset of Breast Tumours
Authors: Tripathi Suvidha , Singh Satish Kumar , Lee Hwee Kuan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Currently, the computational complexity limits the training of high resolution gigapixel images using Convolutional Neural Networks. Therefore, such images are divided into patches or tiles. Since, these high resolution patches are encoded with discriminative information therefore; CNNs are trained on these patches to perform patch-level predictions. It is a most sought-after approach for solving gigapixel classification and segmenta-tion problems. Patch level predictions could also be used to detect new regions in the biopsy samples taken from the same patient at the same site. In other words, once the patient slide has been trained with the model, biopsy samples taken at a later stage to find whether the tumour 1 Springer Nature 2021 L A T E X template Bag of Visual Words (BoVW) with Deep Features-Patch Classification has spread could be tested using the trained model. However, the problem with patch-level prediction is that pathologist generally annotates at image-level and not at patch level. Therefore, certain patches within the image, since not annotated finely by the experts, may not contain enough class-relevant features. Moreover, standard CNN generate a high dimensional feature set per image, if we train CNN just by patch level, it may pick up features specific to the training set and hence, not generalizable. Through this work, we tried to incorporate patch descriptive capability within the deep framework by using Bag of Visual Words (BoVW) as a kind of regularisation to improve generalizability. BoVW-a traditional handcrafted feature descriptor is known to show good descriptive capability along with feature interpretability. Using this hypothesis, we aim to build a patch based classifier to discriminate between four classes of breast biopsy image patches (normal, benign, In situ carcinoma, invasive carcinoma) in respect to better patch discriminative features embedded within the classification pipeline. The aim is to incorporate quality deep features using CNN to describe relevant information in the images while simultaneously discarding irrelevant information using Bag of Visual Words (BoVW). The proposed method passes patches obtained from WSI and microscopy images through pre-trained CNN to extract features. BoVW is used as a feature selector to select most discriminative features among the CNN features. Finally, the selected feature sets are classified as one of the four classes. The hybrid model provides flexibility in terms of choice of pre-trained models for feature extraction. Moreover , the pipeline is end-to-end since it does not require post processing of patch predictions to select discriminative patches. We compared our observations with state-of-the-art methods like ResNet50, DenseNet169, and InceptionV3 on the BACH-2018 challenge dataset. Our proposed method shows better performance than all the three methods.
Is it important to evaluate the demographic characteristics and radiological findings of patients who have micro calcific lesions in the breast with biopsy results in the decision of excision?
Authors: Bulut Nilufer , Dagıstanlı Sevinc , Sonmez Suleyman 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Introduction
The B3 lesions of the breast with unknown malignant potential are common in practice (3–21%). Although these lesions have a low malignant potential (0.2-5%), they are evaluated with biopsy due to the risk of invasive carcinoma.
Material-Methods
The compliance of mammography, ultrasonography, and pathological data of 109 patients who had micro calcifications between January 2018 and March 2021 were analyzed retrospectively; and micro calcification sizes and histological types were recorded.
Results
The mean age of the patients was found to be 46.86 ± 9.65, and the mean overall size of the micro calcification was 13.78 ± 6.51 mm. When the compliance of B3 lesions of the breast with malignancy was evaluated, it was found that 74% were compatible, but 25.9% were incompatible. A total of 11.1% of these lesions were up-grade. Malignant potential was more in Atypical Ductal Hyperplasia (ADH) in postmenopausal patients who were older than 47 years (p = 0.002).
Conclusion
Although micro calcifications require excisional biopsy in advanced-age and postmenopausal patients because of the up-grade risk, other benign lesions can be followed with imaging methods and fine needle biopsies.
A predictive model of summer debris flows using machine learning techniques
Authors: Ponziani Michel , Ponziani Denise , Giorgi Andrea , Stevenin Hervé , Ratto Sara Maria 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The Alpine region of Aosta Valley has an early warning system to issue hydrogeological alerts up to 36 hours in advance based on the output of hydrological models and rainfall thresholds. However, those thresholds generally do not apply to summer debris flows, which can also be triggered by intense rainfalls of short duration, with cumulative precipitation lower than 20 mm. Therefore, it is necessary to formulate a specific predictive debris-flow model, which takes into account other possible triggering factors. In this study, we have developed a predictive model for debris flows with machine learning techniques, using a detailed dataset composed by a variety of geomorphological and hydro-meteorological variables. The variables of the dataset were collected from daily measured and modelled data for all of the 91 drainage basins in which at least one debris-flow event was generated during the time period considered in this study (2009–2019). The performance of the model, using different machine learning techniques, was evaluated and the most suitable model was chosen to be experimentally implemented in the existing early warning system of the region. The output of the model provides a debris-flow probability (DFP) for individual basins computed from the geomorphological and hydro-meteorological input variables.
Comparison of Walking with a Knee-Ankle-Foot Orthosis and a Knee Powered Lower Limb Exoskeleton in People with Spinal Cord Injury: A Randomized, Crossover Clinical Trial
Authors: Rodríguez-Fernández Antonio , Lobo-Prat Joan , Tarragó Rafael , Chaverri Diego , Iglesias Xavier , Guirao-Cano Lluis , Font-Llagunes Josep M. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Recovering the ability to stand and walk independently can have numerous health benefits for people with spinal cord injury (SCI). Wearable exoskeletons are being considered as a promising alternative to conventional knee-ankle-foot orthoses (KAFOs) for gait training and assisting functional mobility. However, comparisons between these two types of devices in terms of gait biomechanics and energetics have been limited. Through a randomized, crossover clinical trial, this study compared the use of a knee powered lower limb exoskeleton (the ABLE Exoskeleton) against passive orthoses (KAFOs), which are the current standard of care for verticalization and gait ambulation outside the clinical setting in people with SCI. Ten patients with SCI completed a 10-session gait training program with each device followed by user satisfaction questionnaires. Walking with the ABLE Exoskeleton improved gait kinematics compared to the KAFOs, providing a more physiological gait pattern with less compensatory movements (38% reduction of circumduction, 25% increase of step length, 29% improvement in weight shifting). However, participants did not exhibit significantly better results in walking performance for the standard clinical tests (Timed Up and Go, 10-Meter Walk Test, and 6-Minute Walk Test), nor significant reductions in energy consumption. These results suggest that providing powered assistance only on the knee joints is not enough to significantly reduce the energy consumption required by people with SCI to walk compared to passive orthoses. Active assistance on the hip or ankle joints seems necessary to achieve this outcome.
Monotone Ratio theorem convergence rate and its consequences in the theory of continuous-time Markov branching systems
Authors: Imomov Azam , Murtazaev Misliddin 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We consider a critical homogeneous-continuous-time Markov branching process, i.e. the average value of the branching rate is one. Our basic assumption is that an infinitesimal generating function of the process regularly varies, in which slowly varying factor varies at infinity with remainder. We essentially rely on the improved version of the Basic Lemma of the critical Markov branching process theory. First we establish a convergence rate in the Monotone ratio theorem. Subsequently we prove a local-convergence limit theorem on the asymptotic expansion of transition probabilities and their convergence to the invariant measure.
Role of MicroRNA in Hydroxyurea mediated HbF induction in Sickle cell anaemia patients
Authors: Kargutkar Neha , Sawant-Mulay Madhavi , Hariharan Priya , Shainmukhay Chandrakala , Nadkarni Anita 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background:Hydroxyurea (HU) is found to be beneficial in Sickle cell Anaemia (SCA) patients, due to its ability to increase foetal haemoglobin (HbF), however, patients show a variable response. Differences in HbF levels are attributed to many factors; but, the role of miRNA in HbF regulation is sparsely investigated.Materials and Methods:In this study, we evaluated the effect of miRNA expression on HbF induction in relation to hydroxyurea therapy in 30 normal controls, 30 SCA patients at baseline, 20 patients after 3 and 6 months of hydroxyurea (HU) therapy. HbF levels were measured by HPLC. Total RNA and miRNA were extracted from CD71+ erythroid cells and the expression was determined using Taqman probes. Results:The mean HbF level increased 7.54 ±2.44 fold, after 3 months of HU therapy. After the HU therapy 8 miRNAs were significantly up-regulated while 2 were down-regulated. The increase in miR-210, miR16-1, and miR-29a expression and decrease in miR-96 expression were strongly associated with the HU mediated HbF induction. Post HU therapy, decreased miR-96 expression was observed; which might be due to interference of miR-96 binding to g-globin mRNA by HU, facilitating HbF expression. The miR-210 expression was enhanced in association with erythroid differentiation and induction to HbF production. Conclusions:The study suggests the role of miR-210, miR16-1, miR-29a, and miR-96 in g-globin gene regulation leading to HbF induction. Identification of the relevant protein targets might be useful for understanding the HU mediated HbF induction.
Ciguatera poisoning trace-back in Europe leads to a novel ciguatoxin-3C group characterization from the Indian Ocean
Authors: Loeffler Christopher , Spielmeyer Astrid , Blashke Vincent , Bodi Dorina , Kappenstein Oliver 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The consumption of seafood containing marine biotoxins called ciguatoxins (CTXs) can result in ciguatera poisoning (CP), a globally prevalent seafood-born human illness. Since 2015 isolated and mass outbreaks of CP have occurred along the southwestern coast of India, however, no attributable CTXs have yet been identified. Herein, several CTXs are described in an often marketed snapper species (Lutjanus bohar) from southwest India. CTX3C-group compounds were identified by LC-MS/MS with a toxicity range of 0.79-5.39 ng CTX3C equivalent (eq.) g-1 wet tissue eq., as determined by an in vitro cell (Neuro-2a) assay. Samples investigated were part of a 7,000 kg international shipment of frozen snapper product imported into the European Union and subsequently implicated in a 2020 CP outbreak in the Netherlands. The identification of CTX3C-group toxins in fish originating from coastal India suggests a re-evaluation of the current understanding of CTXs associated CP with seafood from the Indian Ocean region.
The Use of Angelica Sinensis and ß-Tricalcium Phosphate in the Management of Surgically Induced Critical-sized Class Ii Furcation Defects in Dogs
Authors: Eldeeb Dina W. , Hommos Ahmed M. , Taalab Maha R. , Rehim Samia S. Abd El 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Objective: Evaluating the effectiveness of Angelica sinensis, a widely used traditional Chinese medicine, in conjunction with Beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) bone graft in the management of induced critical sized class II furcation defects in dogs.Materials and Methods: A randomized study design was conducted on the third and fourth premolars of six healthy mongrel dogs. A total of twenty-four class II furcation critical-sized defects were surgically created. After reflecting a fully-reflected mucoperiosteal flap, twelve defects were filled with Angelica sinensis powder mixed with β-TCP, then collagen membranes were applied over the defects. The other twelve defects were filled with β-TCP followed by collagen membrane application. The dogs were sacrificed at the end of fourth and eighth weeks. Jaw segments teeth were dissected and processed for histological examination and morphometric analysis of the regenerative features.Results: The histological results revealed that bone formation and regeneration of cementum and PDL progressed more in experimental groups than in control groups. Moreover, the regenerative features were more advanced in the second observation period. The histomorphometry revealed that the height of newly formed interradicular bone, its surface area, and the thickness of its trabeculae were higher in the defects treated with Angelica sinensis and β-TCP than in only β-TCP-filled defects at both observational periods.Conclusions: Angelica sinensis has accelerated the regenerative potential of the interradicular bone and has enhanced the effect of β-TCP.Clinical Significance: Since Angelica sinensis herb has resulted in a higher periodontal regeneration as proved histologically, its conjunction with bone grafts at furcation treatments is clinically recommended.
Clonal diversity determines persistence of SARS-CoV-2 epitope-specific T cell response.
Authors: Zornikova Ksenia , Khmelevskaya Alexandra , Sheetikov Savely , Kiryukhin Dmitry , Shcherbakova Olga , Titov Aleksei , Zvyagin Ivan , Efimov Grigory 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
T cells play a pivotal role in reducing disease severity during SARS-CoV-2 infection and formation of long-term immune memory. We studied 50 COVID-19 convalescent patients and found that T cell response was induced more frequently and persisted longer than circulating antibodies. We identified 756 clonotypes specific to nine CD8+ T cell epitopes. Some epitopes were recognized by highly similar public clonotypes. Receptors for other epitopes were extremely diverse, suggesting alternative modes of recognition. We tracked persistence of epitope-specific response and individual clonotypes for a median of eight months after infection. The number of recognized epitopes per patient and quantity of epitope-specific clonotypes decreased over time, but the studied epitopes were characterized by uneven decline in the number of specific T cells. Epitopes with more clonally diverse TCR repertoires induced more pronounced and durable responses. In contrast, the abundance of specific clonotypes in peripheral circulation had no influence on their persistence.
Clinical features and risk factors of surgical site infections in HIV-negative patients with cryptococcal meningitis undergoing ventriculoperitoneal shunt operations: a retrospective study
Authors: Xu Lejia , Zhu Jianyun , Wang Xiaoyun , Zeng Guofen , Gao Zhiliang , Liu Jing 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: To investigate the clinical features and risk factors of ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) associated surgical site infections (SSIs) in HIV-negative patients with cryptococcal meningitis (CM).Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of HIV-negative patients with CM underwent VPS operation admitted to The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University in Southwest China over the past 7 years.Results: 193 patients were included, of whom 25 (12.95%) had SSIs in 6 (median duration, 1-48 days) days after operation. Compared with patients without SSIs, patient with SSIs tended to be shorter preoperative preparation time. 52% patients in SSIs group and 25% patients in no-SSIs group underwent VPS operations within 3 days after admission (p=0.017). Although body temperature and infectious indicators slightly elevated postoperative in both groups. The patients with SSIs experienced more fever; more central nervous system symptoms; higher PCT value and lower cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) glucose in contrast to the no-SSIs group. Multivariate regression analysis found a 2.653 fold increase in the risk of infection for every 1℃ increase in postoperative body temperature. The most prevalent organisms were oxacillin resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococci (found in 33% of positive specimens).Conclusions: SSIs was one of the serious surgical complications after VPS operation. High body temperature, the occurrence of dizziness and headache, low postoperative hemoglobin are risk factors. Postoperative patients with high fever, high PCT and low CSF glucose should be paid more attention to.
Time to use modern contraceptives and associated factors among women of reproductive age in Ethiopia: survival analysis of the 2016 Ethiopian demographic and health survey data
Authors: Bekere Shibabaw , Asena Tilahun , Tesfaw Dejen , Wube Asmare , Alemayehu Meseret 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: Contraceptive methods are one of the most important health interventions of the twenty-first century, and they are critical in slowing population growth and improving women's and family health. Contraceptive methods are now a global issue in general, and in developing countries in particular. Method: This study sought to identify the factors associated with the timing of the use of modern contraceptive methods among Ethiopian women. The study's data were based on EDHS (2016) obtained from CSA. To identify the risk factors associated with when to use modern contraceptive methods, a parametric survival model with frailty was used and compared using AIC and log-likelihood ratio test. Result: The study found that out of a total of 7,890 women, approximately 1,061 (13.45 percent) used modern contraceptive methods, while 6829 (86.55 percent) did not. Conclusion: The Weibull regression survival model with Gamma frailty model was an appropriate fit of time to use modern contraceptive methods among the fitted frailty models. In comparison to the non-frailty survival models, the estimated frailty model, which accounts for unobservable regional heterogeneity, was found to be more appropriate for fitting time to use modern contraceptive methods across Ethiopian regions. Furthermore, using the selected frailty model results, the independent variables age, place of residence, wealth index, educational status, and television awareness information were identified as factors associated with the time to use modern contraceptive methods at a 5% level of significance.
Activation of the Akt signaling pathway alleviates ropivacaine-induced myelination impairment of the spinal cord and hypoalgesia in neonatal rats
Authors: Wu Lei , Wei Siwei , Pei Dongjie , Yao Yiyi , Xiang Zhen , Yu Eryou , Chen Zhen , Du Zhen , Qu Shuangquan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Prolonged exposure to local anesthetics (LAs) or intrathecal administration of high doses of LAs can cause spinal cord damage. Intraspinal administration of LAs is increasingly being used in children and neonates. Therefore, it is important to study LA-related spinal cord damage and the underlying mechanism in developmental models. First, neonatal Sprague–Dawley rats received three intrathecal injections of 0.5%, 1%, or 2% ropivacaine or saline (90 min interval) on postnatal day (P)7. The electron microscopy and behavioral tests were performed to evaluate the neurotoxic effects of ropivacaine at different concentrations on spinal cord in rats. Western blot analysis was performed to measure the expression levels of p-Akt, Akt, myelin gene regulatory factor (MYRF) and myelin basic protein (MBP) in the spinal cord following administration of 2% ropivacaine. Our results showed that ropivacaine impaired myelination in the spinal cord and induced hypoalgesia in a dose-dependent, whereas 0.5% ropivacaine did not cause spinal cord damage in neonatal rats. Moreover, 2% ropivacaine decreased the expression of p-Akt, MYRF and MBP in the spinal cord. Then, the Akt-specific activator (SC79) was intraperitoneally injected 30 min before 2% ropivacaine treatment. Interestingly, SC79-mediated activation of the Akt signaling pathway alleviated ropivacaine-induced the impairment of myelination in the spinal cord and hypoalgesia. Overall, the results showed that ropivacaine caused spinal cord damage in a dose-dependent manner in neonatal rats and that activation of the Akt signaling pathway alleviated these ropivacaine-induced changes. These data provide insight into the damage to the developing spinal cord caused by LAs.