bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parenchyma fractions drive the storage capacity of nonstructural carbohydrates across a broad range of tree species
Authors: Zhang Guangqi , Mao Zhun , Fortunel Claire , Martínez‐Vilalta Jordi , Viennois Gaëlle , Maillard Pascale , Stokes Alexia 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPremiseNonstructural carbohydrates (NSCs) play a key role in tree performance and functioning and are stored in radial and axial parenchyma (RAP) cells. Whether this relationship is altered among species and climates or is linked to functional traits describing xylem structure (wood density) and tree stature is not known.MethodsIn a systematic review, we collated data for NSC content and the proportion of RAP in stems for 68 tree species. To examine the relationships of NSCs and RAP with climatic factors and other functional traits, we also collected climatic data at each tree's location, as well as wood density and maximum height. A phylogenetic tree was constructed to examine the influence of species' evolutionary relationships on the associations among NSCs, RAP, and functional traits.ResultsAcross all 68 tree species, NSCs were positively correlated with RAP and mean annual temperature, but relationships were only weakly significant in temperate species and angiosperms. When separating RAP into radial parenchyma (RP) and axial parenchyma (AP), both NSCs and wood density were positively correlated with RP but not with AP. Wood in taller trees was less dense and had lower RAP than in shorter trees, but height was not related to NSCs.ConclusionsIn trees, NSCs are stored mostly in the RP fraction, which has a larger surface area in warmer climates. Additionally, NSCs were only weakly linked to wood density and tree height. Our analysis of evolutionary relationships demonstrated that RAP fractions and NSC content were always closely related across all 68 tree species, suggesting that RAP can act as a reliable proxy for potential NSC storage capacity in tree stems.
Employment and risk of female breast cancer in Denmark
Authors: Pedersen Julie E. , Hansen Johnni 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundOccupational exposures may play a role in breast cancer etiology, and research focusing on identifying high‐risk workplaces is important to advance the understanding and prevention of breast cancer.MethodsWe undertook a population‐based nested case–control study among women who were less than 70 years of age and born in Denmark, based on registry data including 38,375 breast cancer cases and 191,875 controls matched on year of birth, with information on lifetime work history. Odds ratios for women ever employed in a job branch were adjusted for socioeconomic status and reproductive variables.ResultsAdjusted odds ratios of less than 0.75 were observed for several occupations in agriculture, hunting, forestry, and fishing, while increased risk patterns (odds ratios greater than 1.50) were noted for a number of production occupations, including employment in graphics and printing, and metal and machinery production. In services, several military professions were also associated with a high increased breast cancer risk.ConclusionsThe study shows a variation in the risk of female breast cancer by employment in different industrial and occupational sectors, and suggests that certain occupational exposures, for example, outdoor work, organic solvents, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and night‐shift work may play a role in the risk of breast cancer. Further hypothesis‐testing studies focusing on these employments with a detailed assessment of specific occupational exposures are warranted.
The seventh international RASopathies symposium: Pathways to a cure—expanding knowledge, enhancing research, and therapeutic discovery
Authors: Kontaridis Maria I. , Roberts Amy E. , Schill Lisa , Schoyer Lisa , Stronach Beth , Andelfinger Gregor , Aoki Yoko , Axelrad Marni E. , Bakker Annette , Bennett Anton M. , Broniscer Alberto , Castel Pau , Chang Caitlin A. , Cyganek Lukas , Das Tirtha K. , den Hertog Jeroen , Galperin Emilia , Garg Shruti , Gelb Bruce D. , Gordon Kristiana , Green Tamar , Gripp Karen W. , Itkin Maxim , Kiuru Maija , Korf Bruce R. , Livingstone Jeff R. , López‐Juárez Alejandro , Magoulas Pilar L. , Mansour Sahar , Milner Theresa , Parker Elisabeth , Pierpont Elizabeth I. , Plouffe Kevin , Rauen Katherine A. , Shankar Suma P. , Smith Shane B. , Stevenson David A. , Tartaglia Marco , Van Richard , Wagner Morgan E. , Ware Stephanie M. , Zenker Martin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRASopathies are a group of genetic disorders that are caused by genes that affect the canonical Ras/mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. Despite tremendous progress in understanding the molecular consequences of these genetic anomalies, little movement has been made in translating these findings to the clinic. This year, the seventh International RASopathies Symposium focused on expanding the research knowledge that we have gained over the years to enhance new discoveries in the field, ones that we hope can lead to effective therapeutic treatments. Indeed, for the first time, research efforts are finally being translated to the clinic, with compassionate use of Ras/MAPK pathway inhibitors for the treatment of RASopathies. This biannual meeting, organized by the RASopathies Network, brought together basic scientists, clinicians, clinician scientists, patients, advocates, and their families, as well as representatives from pharmaceutical companies and the National Institutes of Health. A history of RASopathy gene discovery, identification of new disease genes, and the latest research, both at the bench and in the clinic, were discussed.
A patient with multilocus imprinting disturbance involving hypomethylation at 11p15 and 14q32, and phenotypic features of Beckwith‐Wiedemann and Temple syndromes
Authors: Grosvenor Sarah E. , Davies Justin H. , Lever Margaret , Sillibourne Julie , Mackay Deborah J. G. , Temple I. Karen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBeckwith‐Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) and Temple syndrome (TS) are classical imprinting disorders (IDs) with nonconfluent clinical features. We report here on a patient with clinical features of both syndromes, in whom epimutations were found at the BWS and TS imprinted regions, consistent with multilocus imprinting disturbance (MLID). This is the first case report of a patient with clinical features of both conditions who was found to have loss of methylation (LOM) of KCNQ1OT1: TSS‐DMR (ICR2) in the 11p15 imprinted region associated with BWS and LOM of MEG3: TSS‐DMR in the 14q32 imprinted region associated with TS. The report draws attention to the importance of testing for MLID as a cause of atypical clinical presentations of patients with IDs.
Examining the association between blood‐based biomarkers and humanpost mortemneuropathology in the University of Kentucky Alzheimer's Disease Research Center autopsy cohort
Authors: Winder Zachary , Sudduth Tiffany L. , Anderson Sonya , Patel Ela , Neltner Janna , Martin Barbara J. , Snyder Katherine E. , Abner Erin L. , Jicha Gregory A. , Nelson Peter T. , Wilcock Donna M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionClinically, detection of disease‐causing pathology associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) is limited to magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography scans, which are expensive and not widely accessible. Here, we assess angiogenic, inflammatory, and AD‐related plasma biomarkers to determine their relationships with humanpost mortemneuropathology.MethodPlasma samples were analyzed using a digital immunoassay and pathological evaluation was performed by University of Kentucky Alzheimer's Disease Research Center neuropathologists. The association of plasma markers with neuropathology was estimated via proportional odds and logistic regressions adjusted for age.ResultsIncluded cases (N = 90) showed increased tau/amyloid beta (Aβ)42 ratio, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF‐A), and placental growth factor (PlGF) were positively associated with higher level of AD neuropathological change, while higher Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio was inversely associated. Higher PlGF, VEGF‐A, and interleukin 6 were inversely associated with chronic cerebrovascular disease, while Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio was positively associated.DiscussionOur results provide support for the continued study of plasma biomarkers as a clinical screening tool for AD and VCID pathology.
Crystalline Germanium(I) and Tin(I) Centered Radical Anions
Authors: Lim Li Feng , Judd Martyna , Vasko Petra , Gardiner Michael G. , Pantazis Dimitrios A. , Cox Nicholas , Hicks Jamie 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAn isostructural series of heavy Group 14 E(I) radical anions (Ge, Sn, Pb), stabilized by a bulky xanthene‐based diamido ligand are reported. The radical anions were synthesised by the one‐electron reduction of their corresponding E(II) precursor complexes with sodium naphthalenide in THF, yielding the radical anions as charge‐separated sodium salts. The series of main group radicals have been comprehensively characterized by EPR spectroscopy, X‐ray crystallography and DFT analysis, which reveal that in all cases, the spin density of the unpaired electron almost exclusively resides in ap‐orbital of π symmetry located on the Group 14 center.
Enhancing Enzyme Activity by the Modulation of Covalent Interactions in the Confined Channels of Covalent Organic Frameworks
Authors: Xing Chunyan , Mei Pei , Mu Zhenjie , Li Bixiao , Feng Xiao , Zhang Yuanyuan , Wang Bo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractControllable regulations on the enzyme conformation to optimize catalytic performance are highly desired for the immobilized biocatalysts yet remain challenging. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) possess confined channels with finely tunable pore environment, offering a promising platform for enzyme encapsulation. Herein, we covalently immobilized the cytochrome c (Cyt c) in the size‐matched channels of COFs with different contents of anchoring site, and significant enhancement of the stability and activity (≈600 % relative activity compared with free enzyme) can be realized by optimizing the covalent interactions. Structural analyses on the immobilized Cyt c suggest that covalent bonding could induce conformational perturbation resulting in more accessible active sites. The effectiveness of the covalent interaction modulation together with the tailorable confined channels of COFs offers promise to develop high‐performance biocatalysts.
More than a Leaving Group: N‐Phenyltrifluoroacetimidate as a Remote Directing Group for Highly α‐Selective 1,2‐cis Glycosylation
Authors: Liu Xianglai , Song Yingying , Liu Ao , Zhou Yueer , Zhu Qian , Lin Yetong , Sun Huiyong , Zhu Kaidi , Liu Wei , Ding Ning , Xie Weijia , Sun Haopeng , Yu Biao , Xu Peng , Li Wei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe anomeric configuration can greatly affect the biological functions and activities of carbohydrates. Herein, we report that N‐phenyltrifluoroacetimidoyl (PTFAI), a well‐known leaving group for catalytic glycosylation, can act as a stereodirecting group for the challenging 1,2‐cis α‐glycosylation. Utilizing rapidly accessible 1,6‐di‐OPTFAI glycosyl donors, TMSOTf‐catalyzed glycosylation occurred with excellent α‐selectivity and broad substrate scope, and the remaining 6‐OPTFAI group can be cleaved chemoselectively. The remote participation of 6‐OPTFAI is supported by the first characterization of the crucial 1,6‐bridged bicyclic oxazepinium ion intermediates by low‐temperature NMR spectroscopy. These cations were found to be relatively stable and mainly responsible for the present stereoselectivities. Further application is highlighted in glycosylation reactions toward trisaccharide heparins as well as the convergent synthesis of chacotriose derivatives using a bulky 2,4‐di‐O‐glycosylated donor.
Sr3[SnOSe3][CO3]: A Heteroanionic Nonlinear Optical Material Containing Planar π‐conjugated [CO3] and Heteroleptic [SnOSe3] Anionic Groups
Authors: Wang Jiankang , Cheng Yansong , Wu Hongping , Hu Zhanggui , Wang Jiyang , Wu Yicheng , Yu Hongwei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractInorganic heteroanionic materials are attracting increasing attention for exploring new nonlinear optical (NLO) materials because they could better satisfy the necessary but conflicting properties of NLO crystals, e.g. large SHG response and wide band‐gap. Up to now, the reports on heteroanionic NLO materials have mainly focused on ultraviolet or visible oxide‐based fluoroborates, fluorophosphates, borate‐phosphates and borate‐iodates. However, chalcogenides containing different kinds of anionic groups have barely been reported. Herein, we have synthesized the first oxychalcogenide‐carbonate, Sr3[SnOSe3][CO3] that contains two different kinds of anionic groups, [SnOSe3] and [CO3]. It crystallizes in a noncentrosymmetric space group and exhibits fascinating NLO properties, including a large SHG response (≈1×AGS), sufficient birefringence (0.12 @1064 nm), wide band‐gap (3.46 eV) and high laser damage threshold (240 MW cm−2). These make Sr3[SnOSe3][CO3] a promising NLO crystal.
Bifunctional WC‐Supported RuO2 Nanoparticles for Robust Water Splitting in Acidic Media
Authors: Sun Shu‐Chao , Jiang Hao , Chen Zi‐Yao , Chen Qing , Ma Ming‐Yuan , Zhen Liang , Song Bo , Xu Cheng‐Yan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe report the strong catalyst–support interaction in WC‐supported RuO2 nanoparticles (RuO2‐WC NPs) anchored on carbon nanosheets with low loading of Ru (4.11 wt.%), which significantly promotes the oxygen evolution reaction activity with a η10 of 347 mV and a mass activity of 1430 A gRu−1, eight‐fold higher than that of commercial RuO2 (176 A gRu−1). Theoretical calculations demonstrate that the strong catalyst–support interaction between RuO2 and the WC support could optimize the surrounding electronic structure of Ru sites to reduce the reaction barrier. Considering the likewise excellent catalytic ability for hydrogen production, an acidic overall water splitting (OWS) electrolyzer with a good stability constructed by bifunctional RuO2‐WC NPs only requires a cell voltage of 1.66 V to afford 10 mA cm−2. The unique 0D/2D nanoarchitectures rationally combining a WC support with precious metal oxides provides a promising strategy to tradeoff the high catalytic activity and low cost for acidic OWS applications.
Exovinylene Cyclic Carbonates: Multifaceted CO2‐Based Building Blocks for Modern Chemistry and Polymer Science
Authors: Ngassam Tounzoua Charlène , Grignard Bruno , Detrembleur Christophe 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCarbon dioxide is a renewable, inexhaustible, and cheap alternative to fossil resources for the production of fine chemicals and plastics. It can notably be converted into exovinylene cyclic carbonates, unique synthons gaining momentum for the preparation of an impressive range of important organic molecules and functional polymers, in reactions proceeding with 100 % atom economy under mild operating conditions in most cases. This Review summarizes the recent advances in their synthesis with particular attention on describing the catalysts needed for their preparation and discussing the unique reactivity of these CO2‐based heterocycles for the construction of diverse organic building blocks and (functional) polymers. We also discuss the challenges and the future perspectives in the field.
Single‐Vesicle Electrochemistry Following Repetitive Stimulation Reveals a Mechanism for Plasticity Changes with Iron Deficiency
Authors: Wang Ying , Gu Chaoyi , Ewing Andrew G. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDeficiency of iron, the most abundant transition metal in the brain and important for neuronal activity, is known to affect synaptic plasticity, causing learning and memory deficits. How iron deficiency impacts plasticity by altering neurotransmission at the cellular level is not fully understood. We used electrochemical methods to study the effect of iron deficiency on plasticity with repetitive stimulation. We show that during iron deficiency, repetitive stimulation causes significant decrease in exocytotic release without changing vesicular content. This results in a lower fraction of release, opposite to the control group, upon repetitive stimulation. These changes were partially reversible by iron repletion. This finding suggests that iron deficiency has a negative effect on plasticity by decreasing the fraction of vesicular release in response to repetitive stimulation. This provides a putative mechanism for how iron deficiency modulates plasticity.
Disproportionation of Nitric Oxide at a Surface‐Bound Nickel Porphyrinoid
Authors: Stredansky Matus , Moro Stefania , Corva Manuel , Sturmeit Henning , Mischke Valentin , Janas David , Cojocariu Iulia , Jugovac Matteo , Cossaro Albano , Verdini Alberto , Floreano Luca , Feng Zhijing , Sala Alessandro , Comelli Giovanni , Windischbacher Andreas , Puschnig Peter , Hohner Chantal , Kettner Miroslav , Libuda Jörg , Cinchetti Mirko , Schneider Claus Michael , Feyer Vitaliy , Vesselli Erik , Zamborlini Giovanni 
Published: March 2022

AbstractUncommon metal oxidation states in porphyrinoid cofactors are responsible for the activity of many enzymes. The F430 and P450nor co‐factors, with their reduced NiI‐ and FeIII‐containing tetrapyrrolic cores, are prototypical examples of biological systems involved in methane formation and in the reduction of nitric oxide, respectively. Herein, using a comprehensive range of experimental and theoretical methods, we raise evidence that nickel tetraphenyl porphyrins deposited in vacuo on a copper surface are reactive towards nitric oxide disproportionation at room temperature. The interpretation of the measurements is far from being straightforward due to the high reactivity of the different nitrogen oxides species (eventually present in the residual gas background) and of the possible reaction intermediates. The picture is detailed in order to disentangle the challenging complexity of the system, where even a small fraction of contamination can change the scenario.
Structural Insight of MOFs under Combined Mechanical and Adsorption Stimuli
Authors: Iacomi Paul , Alabarse Frederico , Appleyard Roger , Lemaire Thomas , Thessieu Christophe , Wang Sujing , Serre Christian , Maurin Guillaume , Yot Pascal G. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractExternal control over the pore size of flexible metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) has recently emerged as an intriguing concept, with possible applications to gas storage and separation. In this work we present a new pressure cell capable for the first time of monitoring through in situ X‐ray powder diffraction an adsorbent powder under combined uniaxial applied mechanical stress (up to 1 GPa) and gas pressure (up to 20 bar). The combined stress–pressure clamp (CSPC) cell was successfully exploited to follow the evolution of the CO2 breathing behaviour of the prototypical complex breathing MIL‐53(Al) system under mechanical compression obtaining structural evidence that this MOF can be maintained in its closed pore state upon compression, precluding its re‐opening at high gas pressure (>7 bar). This novel setup shows potential for the in‐operando exploration of flexible systems, in equilibrium and flow configurations.
Robust hydrophobic modification of para‐aramid nanofibers/polyvinyl alcohol composite aerogels with 1H,1H,2H,2H‐perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane
Authors: Ren Jianhua , Hasuo Kensuke , Tabata Isao , Hori Teruo , Hirogaki Kazumasa 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAerogels are frequently exposed to moisture or come into direct contact with water in real‐world applications, posing a threat to their stable performance. Herein, based on the characteristic that the liquid phase can efficiently diffuse in the solid cross‐linked network of gels, a robust hydrophobic modification approach for para‐aramid nanofibers/polyvinyl alcohol (ANFs/PVA) composite aerogels with 1H,1H,2H,2H‐perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane (PFOTES) is demonstrated. The type of solvent, the concentration of hydrochloric acid (HCl) required promoting PFOTES hydrolysis, and the treatment time for hydrophobic modification are discussed individually. The ANFs/PVA/PFOTES aerogels with a water contact angle of 131.0° were obtained through supercritical fluid drying employing acetone as the solvent, with a concentration of 0.1 mol/L HCl of 0.35 vol%, and a treatment duration of 2 h. The hydrogen bond between ANFs and PVA, and the grafting of PFOTES on PVA have both been verified by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy. The porous structure of the modified aerogels was improved simultaneously, according to scanning electron microscope and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller characterizations. With the help of a thermal imaging camera, ANFs/PVA/PFOTES aerogels exhibit stable thermal insulation capability in low temperature and humid environments, which holds great promise for a wide range of applications.
Consumer mischief as playful resistance to marketing in Twitter hashtag hijacking
Authors: Truong Hong‐Bich (Iris) , Jesudoss Sylvian Patrick , Molesworth Mike 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWhile both brand advocacy and protest have long been theorised as key facets in consumers' behaviour, we submit that in the participatory culture of social media, where consumers are free to create and publish their own content, the mischievous play has also become an inevitable form of online culture that brands must deal with. Drawing from Caillois' sociology of play and the cultural power model, we explore how consumers may playfully hijack brands' User‐Generated‐Content (UGC) hashtag campaigns. Based on a non‐participatory netnography, we observed consumers' tweets to unpack their playfulness in responding to brands' marketing communication messages on Twitter and then theorised how consumers use mischief as a form of resistance against marketing practice rather than brands themselves.
Phytoconstituents of Sansevieria suffruticosa N.E.Br. Leaves and Its Hepatoprotective Effect via Activation of the NRF2/ARE Signaling Pathway in an Experimentally Induced Liver Fibrosis Rat Model
Authors: Abdel‐Rahman Rehab F. , Fayed Hany M. , Ogaly Hanan A. , Hussein Rehab A. , Raslan Mona A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSansevieria species possess antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities. However, the therapeutic potential of Sansevieria suffruticosa N.E.Br. in liver fibrosis was not evaluated yet. Twenty‐seven phytoconstituents were tentatively identified in the phytoconstituents profile of Sansevieria suffruticosa N.E.Br. leaves extract (SSLE) using high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HPLC‐ESI/MS‐MS). Using column chromatography, hesperetin, 4‐hydroxybenzoic acid, ginsenoside Rg2, and quinic acid were isolated from SSLE. The hepatoprotective effect of SSLE via the activation of the NRF2 signaling pathway was evaluated using a rat model of thioacetamide‐induced liver fibrosis. Five groups of 6 male adult Wistar rats were used. All animals except the normal control were injected with 200 mg/kg of TAA intraperitoneally twice weekly for 6 weeks. SSLE‐treated groups were orally administered 200 and 100 mg/kg/day of the extract, two weeks before the liver fibrosis induction and were continued concomitantly with TAA injection. A reference group received 100 mg/kg b.wt of silymarin orally. SSLE treated groups exhibited a marked reduction in serum alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels compared with the TAA group. The levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) content and hepatic mRNA levels of Nrf2 and HO‐1 were significantly increased. Histological findings further confirmed the protective role of SSLE against TAA. In conclusion, the aforementioned results indicated that the hepatoprotective mechanism of SSLE was exerted via activating the Nrf2 pathway to counteract oxidative stress.