bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ferroelectricity induced double-direction conductance modulation in Hf
x
Zr1−x
O2 capacitors
Authors: Chen Bo , Wu Shuhao , Yu Xiaolin , Tang Mingfeng , Zhao Guoqing , Tai Lu , Zhan Xuepeng , Chen Jiezhi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The artificial synapses are basic units in the hardware implementation of neuromorphic computing, whose performances should be gradually modulated under external stimuli. The underlying mechanism of the increasing and decreasing device conductance is still unclear in the Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 based synapses. In this study, the Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 capacitors with different stack orders are fabricated in atomic layer deposition, whose ferroelectric properties are investigated by analyzing the capacitance–voltage and polarization-voltage curves. The enhanced ferroelectricity is found after the rapid thermal annealing treatment for all the TiN/Hf0.5Zr0.5O2/TiN, TiN/HfO2-ZrO2/TiN and TiN/ZrO2-HfO2/TiN devices. In the device with poor ferroelectricity, the conductance gradually decreases under both positive and negative identical pulse schemes, which corresponds to the gradual dissolution process of the conductive filaments established in the initial pulse. For the capacitors with strong ferroelectricity, dual-direction conductance modulation can be observed due to the partial domain switching process, which can emulate the potentiation and depression process of biological synapses.
The role of point defects related with carbon impurity on the kink of log J–V in GaN-on-Si epitaxial layers
Authors: Song Chunyan , Liao Hui , Yang Ningxuan , Wang Rui , Tang Guanghui , Cao Weicheng 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Carbon impurity as point defects makes key impact on the leakage in GaN-on-Si structures. GaN-based epitaxial layers with different point defects by changing carbon-doped concentration were used to investigate the point defects behavior. It was found that leakage mechanisms correspond with space-charge-limited current models at low voltages, and after 1st kink, electron injection from silicon to GaN and PF conduction play a key role in the leakage of both point defects case with low carbon and high carbon doped. In addition, high carbon in GaN-on-Si epitaxial layers obtained lower leakage and larger breakdown voltage. The slope of log J–V has two kinks and effective energy barrier E
a has two peaks, 0.4247 eV at about 300 V and 0.3485 eV at about 900 V, respectively, which is related to accepted states and donor states related with carbon impurity. While the slope of log J–V has one kink and effective energy barrier E
a has one peak, 0.4794 eV at about 400 V of low carbon in GaN-on-Si epitaxial layers, indicating only field-induced accepted ionized makes impact on leakage. The comparative results of more donor trap density in high carbon indicate point defects related with carbon impurity play a key role in the kinks of log J–V slope.
Collective excitations in jammed states: ultrafast defect propagation and finite-size scaling
Authors: Antonov Alexander P , Voráč David , Ryabov Artem , Maass Philipp 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn crowded systems, particle currents can be mediated by propagating collective excitations which are generated as rare events, are localized, and have a finite lifetime. The theoretical description of such excitations is hampered by the problem of identifying complex many-particle transition states, calculation of their free energies, and the evaluation of propagation mechanisms and velocities. Here we show that these problems can be tackled for a highly jammed system of hard spheres in a periodic potential. We derive generation rates of collective excitations, their anomalously high velocities, and explain the occurrence of an apparent jamming transition and its strong dependence on the system size. The particle currents follow a scaling behavior, where for small systems the current is proportional to the generation rate and for large systems given by the geometric mean of the generation rate and velocity. Our theoretical approach is widely applicable to dense nonequilibrium systems in confined geometries. It provides new perspectives for studying dynamics of collective excitations in experiments.
The Analytical Equation of the Three-point Correlation Function of Galaxies: to the Third Order of Density Perturbation
Authors: Wu Shu-Guang , Zhang Yang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Applying functional differentiation to the density field with Newtonian gravity, we obtain the static, nonlinear equation of the three-point correlation function ζ of galaxies to the third order density perturbations. We make the equation closed and perform renormalization of the mass and the Jeans wavenumber. Using the boundary condition inferred from observations, we obtain the third order solution ζ(r, u, θ) at fixed u = 2, which is positive, exhibits a U-shape along the angle θ, and decreases monotonously along the radial r up to the range r ≤ 30 h
−1 Mpc in our computation. The corresponding reduced Q(r, u, θ) deviates from 1 of the Gaussian case, has a deeper U-shape along θ, and varies non-monotonously along r. The third order solution agrees with the SDSS data of galaxies, quite close to the previous second order solution, especially at large scales. This indicates that the equations of correlation functions with increasing orders of density perturbation provide a stable description of the nonlinear galaxy system.
An in-silico analysis of retinal electric field distribution induced by different electrode design of trans-corneal electrical stimulation
Authors: Lu Zhuofan , Zhou Meixuan , Guo Tianruo , Liang Junling , Wu Weilei , Gao Qi , Li Liming , Li Heng , Chai Xinyu 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objective. Trans-corneal electrical stimulation (TcES) produces therapeutic effects on many ophthalmic diseases non-invasively. Existing clinical TcES devices use largely variable design of electrode distribution and stimulation parameters. Better understanding of how electrode configuration paradigms and stimulation parameters influence the electric field distribution on the retina, will be beneficial to the design of next-generation TcES devices. Approach. In this study, we constructed a realistic finite element human head model with fine eyeball structure. Commonly used DTL-Plus and ERG-Jet electrodes were simulated. We then conducted in silico investigations of retina observation surface (ROS) electric field distributions induced by different return electrode configuration paradigms and different stimulus intensities. Main results. Our results suggested that the ROS electric field distribution could be modulated by re-designing TcES electrode settings and stimulus parameters. Under far return location paradigms, either DTL-Plus or ERG-Jet approach could induce almost identical ROS electric field distribution regardless where the far return was located. However, compared with the ERG-Jet mode, DTL-Plus stimulation induced stronger nasal lateralization. In contrast, ERG-Jet stimulation induced relatively stronger temporal lateralization. The ROS lateralization can be further tweaked by changing the DTL-Plus electrode length. Significance. These results may contribute to the understanding of the characteristics of DTL-Plus and ERG-Jet electrodes based electric field distribution on the retina, providing practical implications for the therapeutic application of TcES.
Vertex finding in neutrino-nucleus interaction: a model architecture comparison
Authors: Akbar F. , Ghosh A. , Young S. , Akhter S. , Ahmad Dar Z. , Ansari V. , Ascencio M.V. , Sajjad Athar M. , Bodek A. , Bonilla J.L. , Bravar A. , Budd H. , Caceres G. , Cai T. , Carneiro M.F. , Díaz G.A. , Felix J. , Fields L. , Filkins A. , Fine R. , Gaur P.K. , Gran R. , Harris D.A. , Jena D. , Jena S. , Kleykamp J. , Klustová A. , Last D. , Lozano A. , Lu X.-G. , Maher E. , Manly S. , Mann W.A. , McFarland K.S. , Messerly B. , Miller J. , Moreno O. , Morfín J.G. , Nelson J.K. , Nguyen C. , Olivier A. , Paolone V. , Perdue G.N. , Plows K.-J. , Ramírez M.A. , Ruterbories D. , Su H. , Syrotenko V.S. , Waldron A.V. , Yaeggy B. , Zazueta L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We compare different neural network architectures for
machine learning algorithms designed to identify the neutrino
interaction vertex position in the MINERvA detector. The
architectures developed and optimized by hand are compared with the
architectures developed in an automated way using the package
“Multi-node Evolutionary Neural Networks for Deep Learning”
(MENNDL), developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. While the
domain-expert hand-tuned network was the best performer, the
differences were negligible and the auto-generated networks
performed as well. There is always a trade-off between human, and
computer resources for network optimization and this work suggests
that automated optimization, assuming resources are available,
provides a compelling way to save significant expert time.
Hydrogel nanosheets confined 2D rhombic ice: a new platform enhancing chondrogenesis
Authors: Majood Misba , Shakeel Adeeba , Agarwal Aakanksha , Jeevanandham Sampathkumar , Bhattacharya Rohan , Kochhar Dakshi , Singh Aarti , Kalyanasundaram Dinesh , Mohanty Sujata , Mukherjee Monalisa 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Nanoconfinement within flexible interfaces is a key step towards exploiting confinement effects in several biological and technological systems wherein flexible 2D materials are frequently utilized but are arduous to prepare. Hitherto unreported, the synthesis of 2D hydrogel nanosheets (HNSs) using a template- and catalyst-free process is developed representing a fertile ground for fundamental structure-property investigations. In due course of time, nucleating folds propagating along the edges trigger co-operative deformations of HNS generating regions of nanoconfinement within trapped water islands. These severely constricting surfaces force water molecules to pack within the nanoscale regime of HNS almost parallel to the surface bringing about phase transition into puckered rhombic ice with AA and AB Bernal stacking pattern, which was mostly restricted to molecular dynamics studies so far. Interestingly, under high lateral pressure and spatial inhomogeneity within nanoscale confinement, bilayer rhombic ice structures were formed with an in-plane lattice spacing of 0.31 nm. In this work, a systematic exploration of rhombic ice formation within HNS has been delineated using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and its ultrathin morphology was examined using atomic force microscopy. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed high porosity while mechanical testing presented young’s modulus of 155 kPa with ∼84% deformation, whereas contact angle suggested high hydrophilicity. The combinations of nanosheets, porosity, nanoconfinement, hydrophilicity, and mechanical strength, motivated us to explore their application as a scaffold for cartilage regeneration, by inducing chondrogenesis of human Wharton Jelly derived mesenchymal stem cells. HNS promoted the formation of cell aggregates giving higher number of spheroid formation and a marked expression of chondrogenic markers (ColI, ColII, ColX, ACAN and S-100), thereby providing some cues for guiding chondrogenic differentiation.
Advances in operational permafrost monitoring on Svalbard and in Norway
Authors: Isaksen Ketil , Lutz Julia , Sørensen Atle Macdonald , Godøy Øystein , Ferrighi Lara , Eastwood Steinar , Aaboe Signe 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The cryosphere web portal maintained by the Norwegian Meteorological Institute (MET Norway), https://cryo.met.no, provides access to the latest operational data and the current state of sea ice, snow, and permafrost in Norway, the Arctic, and the Antarctic. We present the latest addition to this portal: the operational permafrost monitoring at MET Norway and methods for visualising real-time permafrost temperature data. The latest permafrost temperatures are compared to the climatology generated from the station’s data record, including median, confidence intervals, extremes, and trends. There are additional operational weather stations with extended measurement programs at these locations. The collocated monitoring offers daily updated data for studying and monitoring the current state, trends, and the effects of, e.g. extreme climate events on permafrost temperatures. Ground temperature rates obtained from the long-term records in the warmer permafrost found in Norway are typically 0.1 ∘C–0.2 ∘C per decade. In contrast, in the colder permafrost of the High Arctic on Svalbard, a warming of up to 0.7 ∘C per decade is apparent. The operational monitoring provides information faster than ever before, potentially assisting in the early detection of, e.g. record high active layer thickness and pronounced permafrost temperature increases. It may also become an important cornerstone of early warning systems for natural hazards associated with permafrost warming and degradation. Currently, data are submitted manually to the international Global Terrestrial Network for Permafrost and are scheduled for integration with World Meteorological Organisation (WMO) operational services through the WMO Global Cryosphere Watch.
Characteristic functions of 𝑝-adic integral operators
Authors: Etingof Pavel , Kazhdan David 
Published: August 2022

Let

P
∈

Q

p

[
x
,
y
]

P\in \Bbb Q_p[x,y]

,

s
∈

C

s\in \Bbb C

with sufficiently large real part, and consider the integral operator

(

A

P
,
s

f
)
(
y
)
≔

1

1
−

p

−
1

∫

Z

p

|

P
(
x
,
y
)

|

s

f
(
x
)

|

d
x

|

\begin{equation*} (A_{P,s}f)(y)≔\frac {1}{1-p^{-1}}\int _{\Bbb Z_p}|P(x,y)|^sf(x) |dx| \end{equation*}

on

L
2

(

Z

p

)

L^2(\Bbb Z_p)

. We show that if

P
P

is homogeneous of degree

d
d

then for each character

χ
\chi

of

Z

p
×

\Bbb Z_p^\times

the characteristic function

det
(
1
−
u

A

P
,
s
,
χ

)

\det (1-uA_{P,s,\chi })

of the restriction

A

P
,
s
,
χ

A_{P,s,\chi }

of

A

P
,
s

A_{P,s}

to the eigenspace

L
2

(

Z

p

)
χ

L^2(\Bbb Z_p)_\chi

is the

q
q

-Wronskian of a set of solutions of a (possibly confluent)

q
q

-hypergeometric equation, where

q
=

p

−
1
−
d
s

q=p^{-1-ds}

. In particular, the nonzero eigenvalues of

A

P
,
s
,
χ

A_{P,s,\chi }

are the reciprocals of the zeros of such

q
q

-Wronskian.
Multiple hospital organisational factors are associated with adverse patient outcomes post-hip fracture in England and Wales: the REDUCE record-linkage cohort study
Authors: Patel Rita , Judge Andrew , Johansen Antony , Marques Elsa M R , Griffin Jill , Bradshaw Marianne , Drew Sarah , Whale Katie , Chesser Tim , Griffin Xavier L , Javaid Muhammad K , Ben-Shlomo Yoav , Gregson Celia L 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Despite established standards and guidelines, substantial variation remains in the delivery of hip fracture care across the United Kingdom. We aimed to determine which hospital-level organisational factors predict adverse patient outcomes in the months following hip fracture.

Methods
We examined a national record-linkage cohort of 178,757 patients aged ≥60 years who sustained a hip fracture in England and Wales in 2016–19. Patient-level hospital admissions datasets, National Hip Fracture Database and mortality data were linked to metrics from 18 hospital-level organisational-level audits and reports. Multilevel models identified organisational factors, independent of patient case-mix, associated with three patient outcomes: length of hospital stay (LOS), 30-day all-cause mortality and emergency 30-day readmission.

Results
Across hospitals mean LOS ranged from 12 to 41.9 days, mean 30-day mortality from 3.7 to 10.4% and mean readmission rates from 3.7 to 30.3%, overall means were 21.4 days, 7.3% and 15.3%, respectively. In all, 22 organisational factors were independently associated with LOS; e.g. a hospital’s ability to mobilise &gt;90% of patients promptly after surgery predicted a 2-day shorter LOS (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.2–2.6). Ten organisational factors were independently associated with 30-day mortality; e.g. discussion of patient experience feedback at clinical governance meetings and provision of prompt surgery to &gt;80% of patients were each associated with 10% lower mortality (95%CI: 5–15%). Nine organisational factors were independently associated with readmissions; e.g. readmissions were 17% lower if hospitals reported how soon community therapy would start after discharge (95%CI: 9–24%).

Conclusions
Receipt of hip fracture care should be reliable and equitable across the country. We have identified multiple, potentially modifiable, organisational factors associated with important patient outcomes following hip fracture.
NDUFS4 promotes tumor progression and predicts prognosis in gastric cancer
Authors: Cheng Tong , Jiang Boxuan , Xu Manyu , Yuan Chengzhe , Tai Mingliang , Wu Han , Lu Bing , Sun Pingping , Jiang Xiaohui , Zhang Xiaojing 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Gastric cancer ranked third worldwide in terms of mortality. The immediate priority is to search for new prognosticative or therapeutic targets. This research aims to examine the function of the NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit S4 (NDUFS4) in the malignant phenotype of gastric carcinoma. We analyzed the correlation between NDUFS4 expression and gastric cancer via bioinformatics analysis and cancer tissue microarray via immunohistochemistry. Also, we detected the phenotype change in gastric cancer cells after NDUFS4 was downregulated. NDUFS4's high expression in gastric cancer tissues showed an association with terminal TNM stage and unfavorable survival. Furthermore, downregulation of NDUFS4 decreased gastric cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Nude mouse models revealed that NDUFS4 promotes tumor growth. This investigation highlights the prognostic role of NDUFS4 in gastric cancer. Our results also creatively ascertained NDUFS4 as a candidate for gastric cancer therapeutic targets.
Favipiravir in Patients With Early Mild-to-moderate Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Golan Yoav , Campos Jesus Abraham Simon , Woolson Rob , Cilla Donald , Hanabergh Rodolfo , Gonzales-Rojas Yaneicy , Lopez Reynaldo , Finberg Robert , Balboni Armand 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Despite vaccination, many remain vulnerable to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its complications. Oral antivirals to prevent COVID-19 progression are vital. Based on perceived potency and clinical efficacy, favipiravir is widely used to treat COVID-19. Evidence from large randomized controlled trials (RCT) is lacking.

Methods
In this multicenter double-blinded placebo-controlled RCT, adults with early mild-to-moderate COVID-19 were 1:1 randomized to favipiravir or placebo. The study evaluated time to sustained clinical recovery (TT-SCR), COVID-19 progression, and cessation of viral shedding.

Results
Of 1187 analyzed patients across 40 centers, 83.3% were Hispanic, 89.0% unvaccinated, 70.3% severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) seronegative, and 77.8% had risk factors for COVID-19 progression. The median time from symptom presentation and from positive test to randomization was 3 and 2 days, respectively. There was no difference in TT-SCR (median of 7 days for both groups; P = .80), COVID-19 progression [11 patients each (1.9% vs 1.8%); P = .96], time to undetectable virus (median = 6 days, 95% confidence interval [CI] [6–8] vs 7 days, 95% CI [6-9]), or in undetectable virus by end of therapy (73.4% vs 72.3%; P = .94). Outcomes were consistent across the analyzed sub-groups. Adverse events were observed in 13.8% and 14.8% of favipiravir-treated and placebo-treated subjects, respectively. Uric acid elevation was more frequent among favipiravir-treated subjects (19.9% vs 2.8%).

Conclusions
Favipiravir was well tolerated but lacked efficacy in TT-SCR, progression to severe COVID-19, or cessation of viral shedding and should not be used to treat patients with COVID-19. (Supported by Appili Therapeutics)

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT04600895
A Systematic Review of Quality Dementia Clinical Guidelines for the Development of WHO’s Package of Interventions for Rehabilitation
Authors: Jeon Yun-Hee , Krein Luisa , O’Connor Claire M C , Mowszowski Loren , Duffy Shantel , Seeher Katrin , Rauch Alexandra 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background and Objectives
As part of the WHO Rehabilitation 2030 call for action, the WHO Rehabilitation Programme is developing its Package of Interventions for Rehabilitation (PIR) to support ministries of health around the globe in integrating rehabilitation services into health systems. As a vital step for this PIR development, we conducted a systematic review of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for dementia to identify interventions for rehabilitation and related evidence.

Research Design and Methods
Following WHO Rehabilitation Programme and Cochrane Rehabilitation’s methodology, quality CPGs published in English between January 2010 and March 2020 were identified using PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PEDro, Google Scholar, guideline databases, and professional society websites. Guideline quality was assessed using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (II).

Results
Of the 22 CPGs that met the selection criteria, 6 satisfied the quality evaluation. Three hundred and thirty rehabilitation-related recommendations were identified, mostly concentrated in the areas of cognition, emotion, and carer support. There were many strong interventions, with moderate- to high-quality evidence that could be easily introduced in routine practice. However, major limitations were found both in the quality of evidence and scope, especially in areas such as education and vocation, community and social life, and lifestyle modifications.

Discussion and Implications
Further rigorous research is needed to build quality evidence in dementia rehabilitation in general, and especially in neglected areas for rehabilitation. Future work should also focus on the development of CPGs for dementia rehabilitation. A multipronged approach is needed to achieve Universal Health Coverage for dementia rehabilitation.
The Role of Contextual Factors in the Health Care Utilization of Aging LGBT Adults
Authors: Kittle Krystal R , Boerner Kathrin , Kim Kyungmin , Fredriksen-Goldsen Karen I 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Research suggests lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) populations have unique health care challenges. The purpose of this study was to understand contextual factors, including minority stress and social resources, associated with the health care utilization of LGBT middle-aged and older adults.

Research Design and Methods
Using data from the Caring and Aging With Pride: National Health, Aging, and Sexuality/Gender Study (N = 2,560), multiple logistic regression investigated associations between minority stress (i.e., internalized stigma and LGBT identity disclosure) and health care utilization (i.e., health screenings, emergency room use, routine checkups, and regular provider). We also examined the moderating effect of social resources (i.e., social network size, social support, and LGBT community belonging) in these associations.

Results
Internalized stigma was negatively associated with having a routine checkup in the previous year. LGBT identity disclosure was positively associated with having a health screening within the past 3 years. Social support moderated the association between LGBT identity disclosure and health screenings.

Discussion and Implications
Health and human service professionals and their clients should be educated about the ways that LGBT identity disclosure can affect health care utilization. Providers should consistently assess the social support of their aging LGBT clients and inform them about the potential risk of low social support in health care utilization.