bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Educação em tempos de Covid-19:
Authors: Santos Robson Alves dos , Ferreira Júnior Dionel Barbosa 
Published: June 2022

A pandemia da Covid-19 explicitou as desigualdades sociais e educacionais em toda parte do mundo, que não são exclusividade do território brasileiro, ocasionando no fechamento das atividades presenciais nas mais de 180 mil escolas, segundo os dados do último Censo Escolar do Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira (INEP), em 2019. A presente pesquisa visa fazer uma análise da formação inicial dos futuros docentes em Geografia da Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará (Unifesspa) em meio à pandemia da Covid-19. Através do Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação à Docência (Pibid), investiga-se como estão sendo desenvolvidas as atividades do programa na modalidade remota, no ano de 2021, salientando os desafios e as dificuldades na formação dos “pibidianos” do curso de Geografia. As metodologias utilizadas foram: a) análise bibliográfica acerca da temática sobre o Pibid e a formação de professores; b) explanação das etapas do programa desenvolvido pelos alunos de Geografia da Unifesspa e c) aplicação e análise dos questionários de opinião respondidos pelos bolsistas do programa. O Pibid tem como objetivo potencializar o processo de formação docente a partir de inúmeras possibilidades, desde elevar a qualidade da formação inicial de professores até a articulação entre teoria e prática.
Palavras-chave
Pibid, Formação docente em Geografia, Covid-19.

Educación en tiempos de Covid-19: formación de docentes en Geografía en la Universidad Federal del Sur y Sudeste de Pará (UNIFESSPA) con base en el PIBID
Resumen
La pandemia de la Covid-19 ha puesto de relieve las desigualdades sociales y educativas en todo el mundo, que no son exclusivas del territorio brasileño, provocando el cierre de las actividades presenciales en más de 180.000 escuelas, según datos del último Censo Escolar del Instituto Nacional Instituto de Educación Estudios e Investigaciones Pedagógicas Anísio Teixeira (INEP), en 2019. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo analizar la formación inicial de los futuros profesores de Geografía de la Universidad Federal del Sur y Sudeste de Pará (Unifesspa) en medio de la crisis del Covid -19 pandemia. A través del Programa Institucional de Becas de Iniciación a la Docencia (Pibid), se investiga cómo se están realizando las actividades del programa en la modalidad a distancia, en el año 2021, destacando los desafíos y dificultades en la formación de los “pibidianos” de la carrera de Geografía. Las metodologías utilizadas fueron: a) análisis bibliográfico sobre el tema Pibid y la formación docente; b) explicación de las etapas del programa desarrollado por los estudiantes de Geografía de la Unifesspa y c) aplicación y análisis de los cuestionarios de opinión respondidos por los becarios del programa. Pibid pretende potenciar el proceso de formación del profesorado desde numerosas posibilidades, desde elevar la calidad de la formación inicial del profesorado hasta vincular teoría y práctica.
Palabras clave
Pibid, Formación docente en Geografía, Covid-19.
Salient Features of Bio-Medical Waste Management Rules, 2016
Authors: Sheth Jay K 
Published: June 2022

Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change, Government of India published the official notification no G.S.R. 343(E) in the government gazette, dated 28thMarch 2016. With this the new law on biomedical waste called as “Biomedical Waste Management Rules, 2016” came into force in supersession of the Bio-Medical Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 1998.
Being an inevitable and inseparable part of our health care industry, it is obligatory for us that we discuss and understand the rule, legal provision as well as its implications. Being very recent, the provisions made in the new rules are not widely known. There are various changes in the new rule. An effort is made here to explain the technical aspects of the law in simpler way, comparing it with the old rule and highlighting on the key changes. Scientific basis for some changes in the rule are also highlighted appropriately. The article is particularly written to make health professionals more aware, well informed and better prepared. The larger interest however is to help & facilitate proper implementation of the rule at all levels.
Utilization of maternal health services by the migrant population living in the non-notified slums of Hyderabad city, India
Authors: Geddam Jagjivan Babu , Ponna Satyendra Nath , Kommu Prasad Rao , Kokku Suresh Babu , Mamidi Raja Sriswan , Bontha V Babu 
Published: June 2022

Background: Despite increase in accessibility and utilization of maternal health services in the state of Telangana, penetration of these services in vulnerable communities is inadequate. Aims & Objectives: To understand the determinants of utilization of reproductive health services by migrant population living in non-notified slums of Hyderabad city in the Indian state of Telangana. Material & Methods: It is a community based cross sectional study of 761 rural to urban internal migrant mothers with a child of less than 2 years of age residing for a period minimum of 30 days and not more than 10 years. Information was collected for socio demographic details, antenatal care and child delivery. Results: Mothers receiving at least 4 antenatal care visits and institutional deliveries in migrants was 69.6% and 69% respectively, compared to 85.8% and 97% in general population of Hyderabad city. The likelihood of mothers receiving adequate care is 6.7 times higher in mothers with secondary education compared to formal education. The likelihood of institutional delivery is 7.8 times higher in mothers availing adequate antenatal care versus inadequate care and 2.2 times higher in mothers with secondary education versus formal education. Conclusion: Utilization of antenatal care services and promotion of institutional deliveries can be improved by acting on the supply side barriers such as health care infrastructure and demand side barriers such as indirect consumer costs, financial constraints and community engagement
Economic costs of rabies post exposure prophylaxis
Authors: Hardanahalli Ravish Shankaraiah , Annadani Rachana Rajashekhara , Undi Malatesh , Vijayashanakar Veena , Banerjee Rupsa , Mandya Ramya P 
Published: June 2022

Background: The highest financial expenditure for Rabies in any country is the cost of rabies post-exposure prophylaxis. The type of vaccine and route of administration, as well as type of immunoglobulin used, all significantly influences the cost of treatment. Aims & Objective: To analyse the direct and indirect cost of the rabies post exposure prophylaxis. Material & Methods: The study was conducted at anti-rabies clinics of Government Hospital, where PEP is provided free of cost and a private medical college hospital, where PEP is provided for a cost. 290 animal bite victims who completed the PEP were included in the study. After obtaining written informed consent from the study subjects, data regarding socio-demographic profile, details of animal bite exposure, cost incurred for PEP i.e, direct and indirect cost were collected. Results were expressed as proportions, median and inter-quartile range (Q1-Q3). Results: The total median cost incurred by the bite victims for PEP in Government hospitals was Rs.585 with Q1-Q3 of Rs.444-725 and the cost spent by the government was Rs. 1031; whereas the total cost incurred in private hospital was Rs.5200 with Q1-Q3 of Rs.4900-5701.Conclusion: PEP has a significant economic burden to the bite victims, especially for poor people living of the developing World.
Association between Social Capital and Self-rated Health of Older People in Chandigarh, India
Authors: Rawal Ishita , Kaur Manmeet , Chakrapani Venkatesan , Khanna Poonam , Lakshmi PVM , Kaur Navkiran 
Published: June 2022

Background: Social capital reflect the degree of social cohesion in communities. Although studies have shown that social capital influences health, there is limited understanding about the role of social capital on physical and mental health of older people in India. Aims & Objectives: To assess the association between social capital and self-rated health among older people. Material &Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 211 older people selected from 1563 households in urban and rural Chandigarh District. Standardized tools were used to measure social capital (Global Social Capital Survey) and self-rated health (SF-36). The association between social capital and physical and mental health dimensions of self-rated health was analyzed using multiple linear regression. Results: Participants’ mean age was 68.1 years (SD 7.6); about half were women. The mean total social capital score was 45.5 (SD 11.9). The mean physical and mental health dimensions of self-rated health scores were 1027.7 (SD 252.5) and 1416.9 (SD 487.7), respectively. Social capital was found to be a significant predictor of mental health dimension of self-rated health. Age and gender were found to be significant predictors of physical health dimension of self-rated health. Conclusion: Social capital influences mental health of older people. Interventions to improve social capital, in terms of strengthening relationships with family members and other social networks, can contribute to improving mental health of older people.
Prevalence & Practice of Self-Medication in Ernakulum District, southern India
Authors: Paul Nimitha , Suseela Rakesh Purushothama Bhat , Francis Paul Therattil , Kamalamma Leelamoni 
Published: June 2022

Introduction
Self-medication can lead to many problems and has many concerns associated with it including development of drug resistance. The objectives of the current study were to assess the prevalence of self-medication practices among people residing in selected urban and rural areas of Ernakulam district, to assess the pattern of use of self-medications and to determine the differences, if any, between the rural, urban and slum population in the prevalence and pattern of use of self-medications
Methods
A community based cross-sectional study was conducted and 539 individuals from urban, rural and urban slums of Ernakulam district, Kerala were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Data was tabulated in MS Excel and analysed using IBM Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 15. Descriptive statistics such as frequency and percentage was used to summarize the data. Univariate and multivariate analysis was done to assess the factors associated with self-medication
Results
In the study, 21.5% (114/539) reported that they practised self-medication within last three months. Major indications for self-medication were aches and pain (28.9%), fever (22.8%) and chronic diseases (13.7%). Among those who practised self-medication, 6.1% (7/114) used antibiotics. In the final logistic regression model, being in urban area [urban areas (OR 5.8, 95% CI 3.2-10.4), urban slums (OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.5-5.4)] and increasing age groups [18-59 years (OR 2.1 95% CI 1.1-3.8) and more than 60 years (OR 3.2 95% CI 1.6-6.5)] were associated with self-medication practices.
Conclusion
Holistic approach should be taken to prevent the problem of self-medications, which includes proper awareness and education to public, improving access to care and regulation of pharmacies regarding sale of drugs.
An Epidemiological follow-up study of unpasteurized milk exposure from Rabid Cattle in a village of India
Authors: Modi Anjali , Kosambiya Settings Jayendra , Gautam Sushil , Deliwala Mehul , Chawda Bansari , Gamit Amit 
Published: June 2022

Background: Possibility of acquiring rabies due to consumption of unboiled milk exists and specific research documenting containment plan for such epidemics does not exist. Vaccination policies and specific criteria need to be decided for such vulnerable groups. Material & Methods: A longitudinal follow-up study of 146 persons after consumption of milk form rabid buffalo was done for four years from 2012 to 2016 in village situated on western coast of India. Post exposure prophylaxis (PEP) was provided to exposed population according to WHO Essen regimen. Results: Early identification and PEP was possible due to coordination between health and medical services, medical education and veterinary departments. Among 146 at risk people, PEP for four doses was completed by 89% and five doses by 71% respectively. No untoward events related to rabies were reported after four years surveillance. The community participation in surveillance and vaccine uptake was backbone of outbreak containment plan. Timely reporting of laboratory confirmed cattle death helped to identify potential impounding outbreak. Conclusions: Addition of intradermal regimen PEP to people exposed to unpasteurised/unboiled milk from rabid cattle should be done to existing guidelines for emergency situations to prevent panic, vaccine costs and rabies epidemic among community.
Appropriateness of Hemoglobin Cut Off’s for Defining Anemia
Authors: Kapil Radhika 
Published: June 2022

The use of the hemoglobin cut-off points permits the identification of populations at greatest risk of anemia. The reference cut off’s of Hb also facilitates the monitoring and assessment of progress towards preventing and controlling iron deficiency. These cut off’s also provides the scientific basis for advocacy for the prevention of anemia. There has been continued discussion about the appropriateness of the Cut Off’s used to define anaemia and their applicability to different populations, which has implications for epidemiological surveillance, monitoring, and targeting (1,2).
Haemoglobin concentration is affected by physiological characteristics such as age, sex, and pregnancy status, as well as environmental factors such as smoking and altitude. Several studies have shown that the population distribution of haemoglobin is lower in black people than in white people (1,3,4). Only a few studies from low-income and middle-income countries have, however, examined the applicability of the WHO cut off’s to other populations (4,5).
The haemoglobin cut-offs presented in Table-1 are used to diagnose anaemia in individuals in a screening or clinical setting.
Challenges in management of tuberculosis under programmatic conditions: Perceptions of health care providers from four states of India
Authors: Babu Ranjith , Kathirvel Soundappan , Anand Tanu , Chadha Sarabjit 
Published: June 2022

Background: Among the global estimation of 10.4 million new cases of Tuberculosis (TB) in 2015, 27% of cases are contributed by India. Revised national TB control program (RNTCP) started in 1993, and now heading towards for universal access. Despite its achievements, the program faces number of implementation challenges. This qualitative study explored ‘what is healthcare providers take on it?’. Material & Methods: A total of 28 in-depth interviews were conducted in Uttarakhand, Chhattisgarh, Delhi and Maharashtra from October 2014 to January 2015, under the thematic areas of finance, human resource, and communications. Participants included senior level policy makers like principal secretaries of health, National Health Mission Directors, Director Health Services, state TB officers and district TB officers, medical officers, community volunteers and TB consultants from international agencies. Analytic induction method was used for data analysis. Results: Participants identified many barriers in the overall management and implementation of RNTCP. Convergence of RNTCP needs to be more effective. Inadequate Human resources, issues in public private partnership, insufficient budget allocation and interrupted fund flow, inefficient Information Education and Communication strategy are a few. Conclusion: This study could gather the perspectives of senior health officials, implementers and other stakeholders on challenges in implementation of TB control programme in four states. Challenges perceived by them are vital in strategic revisions of RNTCP.
The Sexual Behaviors Related Factors of Senior High Schools Teenagers in Bukittinggi 2017
Authors: Nurdin Yonrizal , Refnandes Randy , Aulia Isny Shafira 
Published: June 2022

Background: The increasing number of the teenager’s sexual behavior in Indonesia is influenced by many factors. The purpose of this study was to determine factors associated with sexual behavior of Senior High Schools in Bukittinggi. Aims & Objectives: This study is aimed to determine the factors which are associated with the sexual behavior of high school teenagers in Bukittinggi. Material & Methods: This study was a correlation study with the simple random sampling of 360 adolescent. This research was conducted in February to August 2017. Data analysis uses chi-square. Results: The results of data analysis of factors related to the sexual behavior of high risk are gender (p = 0.000, OR = 0.124), knowledge (p = 0.000, OR = 0.392), attitude (p = 0.000, OR = 2.529), exposure sources information (p = 0.000, OR = 12.405) and peers (p = 0.000, OR = 8.711). Conclusion: Exposure to sources of information (p = 0.000, OR = 8.544) become the dominant factor associated with high-risk sexual behavior of teenagers high schools in the city of Bukittinggi. It is suggested to the schools to provide the student with the extra material about health and sexual behavior in any subjects related to health.
Double Fortified Salt in India: Coverage, Efficacy and Way Forward
Authors: Mannar M.G. Venkatesh , Raman J. K. 
Published: June 2022

Iron deficiency remains the world’s most widespread nutritional disorder and India is one of the countries very worst afflicted. India has successfully reduced the burden of iodine-deficiency disorders through mandatory iodization of salt for more than 20 years. This has resulted in a significant decrease in the prevalence of iodine deficiency diseases. Building on the success with iodization, double fortification of salt with iodine and iron is gaining ground and can be integrated with established iodization processes. DFS contemplates the creation and distribution of a powerful innovative product with demonstrated health effects, building on existing distribution platforms for salt through public distribution channels targeted to some of the most impoverished populations in the country at minimal expense and without requiring changes in cultural habits and compliance. Two formulations have been approved by Food Safety and Standard Authority of India (FSSAI) with iron either in the form of encapsulated ferrous fumarate or ferrous sulphate. A meta-analysis showed that DFS increased hemoglobin concentrations significantly. This intervention as part of a broader anemia strategy has the potential to effect large-scale anemia reduction across populations in India on a permanent and economically self-sustaining basis.
The need of Palliative care model in cancer patients in India-A long overdue
Authors: Kaushal Kanica , Bhattacharya Sudip , Singh Amarjeet 
Published: June 2022

WHO defined palliative care as “an approach that improves the quality of life of patients and their families facing the problems associated with life-threatening illness, through the prevention and relief of suffering by means of early identification and impeccable assessment and treatment of pain and other problems, physical, psychosocial, and spiritual.” (1)
The concept of palliative care was introduced in the mid-1980s in India. McDermott E et al found Kerala to have 83 palliative care services as against 139 in the whole of the country in 2008. (2)
The community palliative care projects of northern Kerala and the Neighborhood Network in Palliative Care (NNPC) is a solution to achieve meaningful coverage and care for the terminally ill. They demonstrate the way to "Palliative Care for All". (3)
Neuropsychiatric disorders in Rural and Urban areas of district Dehradun
Authors: Khan Imran Wasfi , Juyal Ruchi , Shikha Deep , Gupta Ravi , Vallabh Vidisha 
Published: June 2022

Background: Neuropsychiatric disorders are quite prevalent in the community and are on the rise due to changing lifestyles and lack of social support. Most of the published data is from hospital, which calls for more community-based studies to measure the actual burden of this menace. Aim & Objective: To estimate the prevalence of neuropsychiatric disorders in district Dehradun and to find out association of socio-demographic correlates with neuropsychiatric disorders Settings and Design: This community based cross-sectional survey was conducted in selected rural and urban areas of district Dehradun. Methods and Material: Study areas and households were selected by multistage stratified and systematic random samplings respectively. Participants were chosen from the selected households by Kish method. Respondents were screened for neuropsychiatric disorders by using MINI-6. Statistical analysis used: data was entered in SPSS 20.0 version and analysed by using percentages, chi-square test and logistic regression. Results: About one fifth of the respondents had a lifetime diagnosis of at least one neuropsychiatric disorder. Age, male gender, higher education, joint family and upper socio-economic status were found to be significantly associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. Conclusions: Factors determining psychological wellbeing are deeply rooted in socio-demographic environment and individual characteristics. Many of the respondents had one or more lifetime neuropsychiatric disorder and most of them were not diagnosed. More community-based research is required to determine the exact magnitude and responsible factors of neuropsychiatric disorders, so that a focused strategy may be developed to address its preventable aspect
An Epidemiological Study on Burden of Psychological Morbidities and Their Determinants among Undergraduate Medical Students of a Government Medical College of Eastern India
Authors: Biswas Bijit , Haldar Anima , Dasgupta Aparajita , Sembiah Sembagamuthu , Karmakar Anubrata , Mallick Nazrul 
Published: June 2022

Background: Medical education can impose a significant amount of psychological stress and strain on undergraduates. In India, there are limited shreds of evidence regarding the magnitude of different psychological morbidities (i.e. stress, anxiety and depression) among medical undergraduates.
Aims & Objectives: To find out the proportion of medical undergraduates suffering from psychological morbidities and their determinants.
Material and Methods: It was a cross-sectional hospital-based analytical observational study conducted from July to November 2017. In total 327 undergraduate medical students of a government medical college of Kolkata were interviewed with a structured schedule comprising of socio-demographic, behavioural related questionnaire and DASS (Depression Anxiety Stress Scale) 21. Data were analysed by the Statistical Package for Social Sciences, SPSS (version 16).
Results: The burden of stress, anxiety and depression among medical undergraduates were found out to be 33.0%, 26.9% and 21.1% respectively. The burden was much higher in females compared to males and increased with semester and age. In the multivariable model depression, anxiety and stress were significant predictors of each other along with sex, semester, both smoking and alcohol drinking, sleep adequacy and satisfaction with own educational performance. The variables in the multivariable models were explaining 29.0% of stress, 30.8% of anxiety and 32.2% of depression.
Conclusion: The proportion of undergraduate medical students with psychological morbidity was found to be high in the current study. Smoking, alcohol drinking, sleep adequacy and educational satisfaction were some critical modifiable predictors of different psychological morbidities identified in the study.