bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PEMIDANAAN TERHADAP TINDAK PIDANA MENDISTRIBUSIKAN FOTO PORNOGRAFI MENGGUNAKAN AKUN FACEBOOK
Authors: Rayhan Sheperd Dwicahyo Pramudito  , Azmi Syahputra  
Published: November 2022

Maraknya penyebaran pornografi dikarenakan tidak banyak orang yang memahami resiko yang akan diterima didapat. Pemidanaan yang dijatuhkan terhadap pelaku penyebaran foto pornografi menggunakan akun facebook yang hanya menggunakan dakwaan tunggal yaitu dengan hanya menggunakan Pasal 45 Ayat (1) Jo Pasal 27 Ayat (1) Undang-Undang Nomor 19 tahun 2016 tentang Informasi Dan Transaksi Elektronik seperti pada Putusan Nomor 12/Pid.Sus/2020/PN Mjn. Sedangkan di Indonesia, terdapat dua pasal serupa. Sehingga penulis permasalahan yang akan diangkat adalah bagaimana penerapan unsur-unsur terhadap pelaku tindak pidana mendistribusikan atau menyebarluaskan foto yang mengandung pornografi menggunakan akun facebook pada Putusan Nomor: 12/Tip.Sus/2020/PN Mjn dan apakah sudah tepat atau tidak putusan pemidanaan terhadap pelaku tindak pidana mendistribusikan atau menyebarluaskan foto yang mengandung pornografi menggunakan akun facebook pada Putusan Nomor: 12/Tip.Sus/2020/PN Mjn sesuai dengan tujuan pemidanaan? Dengan menggunakan penelitian normatife dengan sifat penelitian deskriptif analitis, hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemidanaan terhadap tindak pidana menyebarkan foto pornografi menggunakan akun facebook berdasarkan Pasal 45 Ayat (1) Jo Pasal 27 Ayat (1) UU ITE merupakan lex specialis dengan KUHP dan lex consumen dalam hal informasi elektronik UU Pornografi. Namun pada perkara ini seharusnya Hakim lebih tepat memutus dengan dapat "mendistibusikan atau membuat dapat diaksesnya" bukan "mentrasmisikan", sehingga pemidanaan atas terdakwa sesuai tujuan pemidanaan.
ANALISIS YURIDIS SANKSI PIDANA KEKERASAN DALAM RUMAH TANGGA (KDRT) (NOMOR 369/PID.SUS/2020/PN MRE)
Authors: Rafli Novaldi  , Dian Adriawan Dg. Tawang  
Published: November 2022

Dalam Putusan No.369/Pid.Sus/2020PN Mre Hakim memutus perkara tersebut dengan Undang-Undang tentang Penghapusan Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga yang teruang dalam Pasal 44 ayat 1. Pengertian Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga atau yang dapat disingkat dengan KDRT merupakan suatu perbuatan atas seorang khususnya seorang perempuan yang mengakibatkan adanya kesengsaraan atapun penderitaan seksual, fisik, penelantaran rumah tangga dan psikologis. Adapun rumusan masalah dalam penulisan skripsi ini adalah bagaimana sanksi pidana pada KDRT terhadap pemidanaannya berdasarkan studi Putusan Nomor 369/Pid.Sus/2020PN Mre dan apa tujuan pemidanaan yang diatur dalam Undang-Undang Penghapusan Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga Nomor 23 Tahun 2004 berdasarkan studi putusan nomor 369/Pid.Sus/PN Mre. Metode penelitian yang digunakan oleh penulis adalah yuridis normatif dengan menganalisis putusan hakim dan Undang-Undang tentang Penghapusan Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga. Adapun hasil penelitian skripsi ini adalah menurut peneliti seharus nya hakim menjatuhkan terdakwa paling tidak setengah dari maksimal masa hukuman dari Pasal 44 ayat 1 Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2004 dan untuk dapat memerikan rasa keadilan dalam menindak pelaku yang sesuai dengan Pasal 4 huruf c yang sesuai dengan tujuan pidana yang diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2004.
ANALISIS YURIDIS PERJANJIAN TERTUTUP BERDASARKAN UNDANG-UNDANG PERSAINGAN USAHA
Authors: Werner Wada Betu  , N.G.N Renti Maharaini  
Published: November 2022

Perjanjian antara PT AHM dengan Main dealer dan Dealer yang memiliki persyaratan bahwa pihak yang ingin mempunyai bengkel AHASS harus bersedia menerima dan membeli barang dan jasa lain dari PT AHM selain itu terdapat klausula perjanjian potongan harga suku cadang yang diperoleh pemilik bengkel AHASS. Rumusan masalah yang peneliti bahas yaitu apakah tindakan PT AHM melakukan perjanjian tertutup dengan Main Dealer dan Dealer di Indonesia masuk kategori pelanggaran pasal 15 ayat 2 dan 3 berdasarkan UU Persaingan usaha dan apakah pendekatan Rulle of Reason yang digunakan dalam putusan KPPU No: 31/KPPU-I/2019 sudah tepat dalam memutus pelanggaran pasal 15 ayat 2 dan 3 UU Persaingan Usaha. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu normatif, sifat penelitian yang digunakan yaitu deskriptif-analitis, jenis data yang digunakan yaitu data primer dan sekunder, analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif-kualitatif, serta pengambilan kesimpulan dilakukan dengan logika deduktif. Berdasarkan hasil kajian terhadap UU Persaingan Usaha, pedoman pasal 15 beserta peraturan-peraturan terkait lainnya yaitu PT AHM dapat melakukan perjanjian dengan Main delaler akan tetapi perjanjian tersebut tidak boleh mengandung klausula tying dan Vertical Agreement on Discount. Selanjutnya dalam membuktikan perjanjian tertutup perlu menggunakan metode pendekatan per seillegal, karena perjanjian tersebut memberikan dampak negatif.
ВІДІЙШОВ У ВІЧНІСТЬ «ХРАНИТЕЛЬ CОФІЇВКИ» – ВИДАТНИЙ УКРАЇНСЬКИЙ УЧЕНИЙ У ГАЛУЗІ ДЕНДРОЛОГІЇ Й САДОВО- ПАРКОВОГО МИСТЕЦТВА, ЧЛЕН-КОРЕСПОНДЕНТ НАН УКРАЇНИ, ДОКТОР БІОЛОГІЧНИХ НАУК, ПРОФЕСОР КОСЕНКО ІВАН СЕМЕНОВИЧ (03.12.1940 – 10.04.2022)
Authors: Barna M. M. , Drobyk N. M. , Pyda S. V. , Barna L. S. 
Published: November 2022

district of the Cherkasy region. His father - Semen Antonovych, died in battle at the First Ukrainian Front in 1944, when little Ivanko was less than 4 years old.
In 1970 he graduated from Uman Agricultural Institute (today - Uman National University of Horticulture), and in 1977 – the Faculty of Pedagogy of the Ukrainian Agricultural Academy (today - National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine).
From April 1, 1980, until the last days of his life, he headed Sofiivka National Dendrological Park of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine.
During his career, Ivan Semenovych proved to be a skilled organizer, principled and demanding leader. He paid great attention to the development of the park and the creation of appropriate living conditions for its employees. I. S. Kosenko was a man of high moral principles, a tireless researcher, scientist, teacher and mentor. His name as a scientist and head of the national institute of Ukraine, a research institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, is widely known not only in Ukraine but also far beyond its borders. I. S. Kosenko is the author and co-author of 28 monographs. His scientific achievements include more than 340 scientific and popular science works on the history of Sofiivka, problems of plant introduction and acclimatization, preservation and enrichment of plant diversity of Ukraine, park construction, including two copyright certificates for inventions and three Ukrainian patents for utility models.
The memory of the great scientist in the field of dendrology, introduction and acclimatization of plants, horticultural art, restoration of parks and modern park building, a corresponding member of the NAS of Ukraine, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor, Honoured Worker of Culture of Ukraine, Director of Sofiivka National Dendrological Park of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Ivan Semenovych Kosenko will live in the hearts of his family, numerous friends, colleagues and students, because he fully deserved it by his titanic work.
ПАМ'ЯТІ ВИДАТНОГО ВЧЕНОГО В ГАЛУЗІ ФІЗІОЛОГІЇ РОСЛИН, БІОХІМІЇ Й ЕКОЛОГІЇ, ПРОФЕСОРА СТЕПАНА СТЕПАНОВИЧА КОСТИШИНА (07.02.1932–12.04.2022)
Authors: Barna M. M. , Drobyk N. M. , Pyda S. V. , Barna L. S. 
Published: November 2022

On April 12, 2022, at the age of 91, the heart of a world-renowned Ukrainian scientist in the field of plant physiology, biochemistry and ecology, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor, Academician of the Academy of Sciences of the Higher School of Ukraine, Honoured Worker of Science and Technology of Ukraine, Doctor of Law of the University of Saskatchewan (Canada), Honorary Citizen of Chernivtsi and Lock Haven (USA), Honorary Member of the International Organization of Universities "Phi Beta Delta" USA, Honorary Professor and former Rector of Yurii Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University, Stepan Stepanovych Kostyshyn, stopped.
More than 50 years of study and work of S. S. Kostyshyn were connected with only one institution of higher education - Yurii Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University. Since 1965 he worked as an assistant professor, associate professor, professor, and head of the Department of Biochemistry and Experimental Ecology of the Faculty of Biology at the University. From 1972 to 1987 Stepan Stepanovych was the Vice-Rector for Research, and from 1987 to 2001 he was the Rector of Chernivtsi National University. Since 2002 he headed the Department of Ecology and Biomonitoring, and at the same time was an advisor to the rector of the university. He became the founder of the national school on plant heterosis, was the head of the Chernivtsi branch of the Ukrainian Biochemical Society.
S. S. Kostyshyn's scientific achievements are more than 300 scientific works (individual and co-authored), including three monographs, six manuals, six copyright certificates for inventions, popular science books, etc.
The life and creative path of Stepan Stepanovych Kostyshyn is an example of devotion to a favourite activity, an example of human dignity, decency, high spiritual generosity, optimism, and loyalty to serve Ukraine, people and science. Creative work in science was for him a matter of life, where he realized his brilliant scientific and pedagogical skills as well as civic position through a keen mind and talent.
ПАМ’ЯТІ ВИДАТНОГО УЧЕНОГО-БІОЛОГА, ПРОФЕСОРА, ЧЛЕН-КОРЕСПОНДЕНТА НАН УКРАЇНИ, ЗАСЛУЖЕНОГО ДІЯЧА НАУКИ І ТЕХНІКИ ГРИГОРЮКА ІВАНА ПАНАСОВИЧА
Authors: Lykholat Yu V. , Pyda S. V. , Karpenko V. P. , Barna M. M. , Barna L. S. 
Published: November 2022

On May 19, 2022, the heart of the famous biologist, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor, and corresponding member of the NAN of Ukraine, Honored Science and Technology Officer Hryhoriuk Ivan Panasovych stopped beating.
Ivan Panasovych was born on October 24, 1941, in the village of Toporivtsi of the Novoselytsia district, Chernivtsi region. After graduating from school, he entered the Faculty of Biology of the University of Chernivtsi, graduating in 1965 with a degree in Plant Physiology and qualified as a biologist, plant physiologist, and teacher of biology and chemistry. He was doing his postgraduate studies from 1966 to 1969 at the Institute of Plant Physiology of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (now the Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine), where he was employed until 2005. He was the Candidate in Biological Sciences since 1978, Doctor of Biological Sciences since 1996, Professor since 2000.
In 2005 Ivan Panasovych, Professor of Ecobiotechnology and Biodiversity, was appointed the Director of the NNC of Biotechnology, Biotech Service, and Bioenergy Conversion of the National Agricultural University. In 2007 he headed the Educational and Scientific Institute for Nature Conservation and Biotechnology and at the same time worked as a professor at the Department of Plant Physiology, Ecology and Biomonitoring of the National University of Bioresources and Nature Management of Ukraine (NUBIP).
He is one of the founders of a scientific school in Ukraine for the study of theoretical and experimental physiology of regulatory systems of water exchange, physiological and molecular biological mechanisms of stability, and adaptation of cultivated plants to environmental stressors.

Corresponding Member of the NAN of Ukraine I. P. Hryhoriuk – author and co-author of more than 1000 scientific, educational and popular scientific works, including 35 monographs, 10 books, and brochures, 5 textbooks, 3 dictionaries, 630 articles (50 of them – abroad), 34 certificates and patents for inventions and 68 scientific and practical recommendations and guidelines, most of which are introduced into production. He was the scientific director of 12 candidate and a scientific consultant for 5 doctoral dissertations.
For his conscientious work I. P. Hryhoriuk was awarded many national awards. On June 5, 2009, by the Decree of the President of Ukraine I. P. Hryhoriuk was awarded the honorary title «Honored figure of science and technology of Ukraine» for a significant personal contribution to solving environmental problems and preservation of the environment. He was a winner of the State Prize of Ukraine in the field of science and technology in 2011.
МАТЕРІАЛИ ДО ФАУНИ РОДИНИ PIERIDAE (INSECTA, LEPIDOPTERA) В ОБЛАСТЯХ ЗАХІДНОЇ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: Holinei H. M. , Prokopiak M. Z. , Kryzhanovska M. A. , Yavornytska N. V. 
Published: November 2022

There are original data on the current state of Pieridae family in the regions of Western Ukraine in this article. The entomological materials were collected during the own expedition and the teacher training of the students of the Faculty of Chemistry and Biology of Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University in 2021. These insects are in the collections of The Botany and Zoology Department.
The species composition of the collected insects was analyzed. 8 species of Pieridae family were identified in the studied regions. We studied 168 individuals of Pieridae family. The investigated insects belong to 6 genera: Leptidea, Anthocharis, Pieris, Pontia, Сolias, Gonepteryx.
We identified that some species of Pieridae family are common in Ukraine. The largest number of individuals in this family was calculated. The most popular were Pieris brassicae L., Pieris rapae L. і Pieris napi L. (Pierinae subfamily) and Сolias hyale L. (Coliadinae subfamily). There were several individuals of Leptidea sinapis L. (subfamily Dismorphiinae) and Anthocharis cardamines L. (subfamily Pierinae) in the entomological collection.
We will conduct systematic entomological studies of the fauna of Ukraine in order to do a detailed analysis of Pieridae family and to do the ecological and faunal inventory of the insects. These data can be used for the further analysis of the changes in species diversity of Pieridae family.
ГІЛЛЯСТОВУСІ (CLADOCERA) Й ВЕСЛОНОГІ (COPEPODA: CALANOIDA, CYCLOPOIDA) РАКОПОДІБНІ МАРМАРОСЬКИХ ГІР (УКРАЇНСЬКІ КАРПАТИ)
Authors: Mykitchak T. I. 
Published: November 2022

There are noted 11 species of plankton crustaceans (7 – Cladocera and 4 – Copepoda (Calanoida and Cyclopoida)) from the reservoirs of the Ukrainian part of the Marmarosh Mountains.
The high mountain glacial lake Kryvave, the forest lake of the overflow type (landslide) Shchevora, small swamp and some of the puddles are investigated. Lake Kryvave is located at an altitude of 1620 m above sea level in the glacial crust of Mt. Pip Ivan Marmarosky within the subalpine vegetation. Its size is 38.8 by 19.4 m, the maximum depth is 0.5 m. Lake Shchevora is located at an altitude of 1209 m above sea level in a hollow in a spruce forest with an admixture of beech. The size of the lake is 61.5 by 21.8 m. The recorded maximal depth is 1.6 m, but the lake might be much deeper.
The most common species in this area are Chydorus sphaericus (O. F. Müller, 1776) and Acanthocyclops vernalis (Fischer, 1853). The others species has a more local distribution in the Marmarosh Mountains. Daphnia obtusa Kurz, 1874, Chydorus sphaericus, Acanthocyclops vernalis and Mixodiaptomus tatricus (Wierzejski, 1883) inhabited in the subalpine reservoirs upper 1515 m above sea level. These communities are typical for high mountain shallow reservoirs of Chornohora, Svydivets massifs too. This indicates that the hydrofauna of the Marmarosh Mountains belongs to the high mountain fauna of Carpathians.
Mixodiaptomus tatricus, which inhabits the reservoirs of subalpine and alpine zones of southeastern Europe is specific stenotopic species to the communities of the Ukrainian Carpathians and is present by an isolated population in the reservoirs on the slopes of Mt. Pip Ivan Marmarosky.
The total density of planktonic crustaceans in the lakes is very low (0.5–1.3 thous. ind./m3), because of cold water, a small amount of organic matter, absence or lack of aquatic macrophytes. The most numerous planktonic crustaceans are in subalpine puddles – up to 138.5 thous. ind./m3. The total density of planktonic crustaceans in road puddles does not exceed 6 thous. ind./m3. The maximum density was reached Daphnia obtusa – to 54,5 and Chydorus sphaericus – to 51,3 thous. ind./m3 from other species.
Lake Kryvave and the puddle on the slopes of Mt. Stig are oligosaprobic, while the other reservoirs are β-mesosaprobic.
ОРНІТОФАУНА ДЕНДРАРІЮ БОТАНІЧНОГО САДУ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОГО ЛІСОТЕХНІЧНОГО УНІВЕРСИТЕТУ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: Palamarenko O. V. 
Published: November 2022

The article presents data on bird observations in the Botanical Garden of the National Forestry University of Ukraine. The information was collected from 2017 to 2021. In 2021, 37 species of birds were identified. Of these, 8 species belonging to the Passeriformes series are settled. The best represented family is Muscicapadae, including 7 species. The family Fringillidae includes 6 species, the family Paridae – 5 species. As many as 7 families represent only one species of birds. Birds identified in 2021 are: The great tit (Parus major L.), The Eurasian blue tit (P. caeruleus L.), Crested tit, (P. cristatus L.), Long-tailed tit (Aegithalos caudatus L.), The coal tit (P. ater L.), The marsh tit (P. palustris L.), The common blackbird (Turdus merula L.), Fieldfare (Turdus pilaris L.), The song thrush (T. philomelos Brehm), Redwing (T. iliacus L.), The mistle thrush (T. viscivorus L.), The spotted flycatcher (Muscicapa striata Pallas), European robin (Erithacus rubecula L.), Common wood pigeon (Columba palumbus L.), common pigeon (Columba livia, Gmelin), Eurasian magpie (Pica pica L.), The Eurasian jay (Garrulus glandarius L.), Hooded crow (Corvus cornix L.), The rook (C. frugilegus L.), Great spotted woodpecker (Dendrocopos major L.), The middle spotted woodpecker (D. medius L.), The white-backed woodpecker (D. leucotos Bechstein), Grey-headed woodpecker (Picus canus Gmelin), Eurasian nuthatch (Sitta europaea L.), Eurasian treecreeper (Certhia familiaris L.), Short-toed treecreeper (C. brachydactyla Brehm), Hawfinch (Coccothraustes coccothraustes L.), Common chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs L.), European greenfinch (Chloris chloris L.), Eurasian bullfinch (Pyrrhula pyrrhula L.), Eurasian siskin (Spinus spinus L.), Red crossbill (Loxia curvirostra L.), Eurasian blackcap (Sylvia atricapilla L.), Eurasian wren (Troglodytes troglodytes L.), The goldcrest (Regulus regulus L.), Corn bunting (Emberiza calandra L.), Common buzzard (Buteo buteo L.).
The most populated is the part of the arboretum, which is located at the top of the hill, where there are plantations of conifers, including yew, Amur cork tree grows. Ivy and mistletoe on the trees, attract birds throughout the year. The most important risk factor for birds is cats. A marten also occurs in the protected area. Care gardening has a pronounced negative effect on birds, especially during the nesting season. Such work includes pruning bushes, removing individual trees or dry branches, and removing fallen leaves. The collection of nuts, acorns and seeds is not carried out in full – for animals, there is always a significant supply of crops. No special animal protection measures have been implemented in the protected area. It would be appropriate to hang artificial nests in trees and inform people about the inadmissibility of semi-free keeping of cats that regularly hunt birds.
ОЦІНКА ПОСУХОСТІЙКОСТІ ЯГІДНИХ КУЩОВИХ РОСЛИН В УМОВАХ ЛІСОСТЕПОВОЇ ЗОНИ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: Krivoshapka V. A. , Lagutenko O. T. , Shevchenko V. G. , Nasteka Т. М. , Kovtash О. V. 
Published: November 2022

The results of studying the drought resistance of berry bush plants by the field method of observation, laboratory-field, and laboratory methods of studying the water regime of plants are analyzed. The conducted researches testify to sufficient levels of water-holding ability of leaves of the studied grades of berry cultures. In the raspberry varieties Ruby Giant, Golden Giant, and Cascade Delight, the water holding capacity was higher after 24 hours, as indicated by the lowest rates of water loss by leaves (64.73 %, 68.13 %, and 69.66 % – respectively). According to the indicator of water deficit, the most drought-resistant raspberry varieties were Ruby Giant and Cascade Delight raspberry varieties. Indicators of water deficit of gooseberry leaves (3.2 %) indicate a high level of drought resistance of Neslukhovsky. The lowest drought-resistant gooseberry varieties Neslukhivskyi and Bezshipnyi were the lowest in terms of moisture loss during the study.
The obtained indicators of resistance of the studied plants to drought conditions show that the varieties of raspberry Ruby Giant and Cascade Delight, as well as gooseberry varieties Neslukhovsky and Bezshipny are characterized by a high level of drought resistance, even in adverse growing season 2021. The productivity of berry plantations depends on providing the soil with moisture during the growth of shoots, and during fruiting. In the year of the study, insufficient water supply in the fruiting phase adversely affected the overall berry bush plants, and also led to a significant reduction in their yield. In conditions of lack of moisture for plant development in large-fruited varieties of raspberries (Ruby Giant, Orange Giant, Yellow Giant), a small part of the crop dried up on the shoots. The Golden Giant and Cascade Delaine raspberry varieties, as well as the Neslukhivsky gooseberry variety, had high yield levels.
Based on the assessment of a set of indicators (water holding capacity, water deficit, yield) to create highly productive industrial berry plantations can be recommended raspberry varieties Golden Giant, Ruby Giant and Cascade Delaine, as well as gooseberry varieties Neslukhovsky and Bezshipny.
ПОРІВНЯЛЬНА ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА ІХТІОФАУНИ РІЧКИ СТРИЙ ТА ДІЛЯНКИ ВЕРХНЬОГО І СЕРЕДНЬОГО ДНІСТРА
Authors: Hupalo О. О. , Afanasiev S. О. , Lietytska О. М. , Roman А. М. , Abramiuk І. І. , Tymoshenko N. V. , Holub O. O. 
Published: November 2022

The qualitative analysis of fish fauna of the Stryi River and the upper and middle sections of the Dniester River is conducted, and the taxonomy and faunistic structure are analyzed. The fish assemblage investigation was carried out during 2017–2020 in different seasons of the year. Fish sampling was performed by gill nets and sweep nets. Totally 15 locations were investigated and 465 specimens were caught.
It has been established that the ichthyofauna includes 24 species in the studied section of the Upper Dniester and 22 species in the section of the Stryi River. The share of rare species is rather high: for the Dniester section, 33.3 % of the species listed in the Bern Convention and 12.5 % listed in the Red Book of Ukraine, and for the Stryi River, 40.9 % and 22.7 % respectively.
The similarity of the Upper Dniester and the Stryi River ichthyofauna according to Shorigin was 53.9 %. The similarity of communities according to Jaccard was 0.59. Weinstein's index of biocenological similarity of ichthyocenoses in the studied rivers was low: 0.32. The low values of similarity indices are explained by the specificity of faunal structure in the studied rivers. Ichthyofauna of the Stryi and the Upper Dniester includes six ichthyocomplexes (boreal piedmont, boreal plain, tertiary plain freshwater, Pontocaspian freshwater, Pontocaspian marine, Chinese plain). The main similarities in the ichthyofauna of these rivers are formed due to the representatives of Pontocaspian freshwater, boreal plain and Chinese plain complexes: up to 72.7 % of total ichthyofauna.
There has recently been an intensive advance of alien and invasive fish species into the piedmont of the Dniester River basin, which use transformed sections of the river with the silted bottom as refuges where they settle, increase in number and spread upstream. The share of alien species was rather high and amounted to 29.2 % in the Upper Dniester and 22.7 % in the Stryi River.