bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BILATERAL CHOROIDAL METASTASIS WITH CONCURRENT UNILATERAL RHEGMATOGENOUS RETINAL DETACHMENT IN A PATIENT WITH STAGE IV BREAST CANCER
Authors: Fouad Yousef A. , Nowara Mohamed 
Published: February 2022

Purpose:
To describe an unusual case of bilateral choroidal metastasis with simultaneous rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in the right eye.

Methods:
Case Report.

Patient:
A 65-year-old woman with Stage IV breast cancer and gradual deterioration of vision in the right eye.

Results:
Dilated fundus examination of the right eye revealed a large solitary choroidal mass with exudative retinal detachment and with an incidental discovery of a lower peripheral break with subretinal fluid, and the left eye revealed multiple choroidal masses. The diagnosis of bilateral CM was confirmed using optical coherence tomography. Pars plana vitrectomy with silicone oil injection was performed for the right eye followed by external beam radiotherapy to both choroids, which resulted in anatomical and visual success for 6 months.

Conclusion:
Prompt ophthalmologic evaluation is a must in patients with advanced breast or lung malignancy with recent blurring of vision. External beam radiotherapy is a safe, available, relatively cheap, and effective means for managing CM. Choroidal metastasis with a concurrent vision-threatening pathology requiring intraocular surgery represents a dilemma, and the risks and benefits should be weighed carefully with proper counseling of the patient.
STREPTOCOCCUS SUIS ENDOGENOUS ENDOPHTHALMITIS IN A PATIENT WITH MENINGITIS
Authors: Nguyen Minh-Phu , Nguyen Ngan-Ha , Nguyen Hung Phu Trang , Yang Chung-May 
Published: February 2022

Background:

Streptococcus suis is a major porcine pathogen that can cause severe systemic infection in humans. The common clinical features include meningitis, septicemia, purulent arthritis, and oftentimes deafness. However, ocular inflammation is very rare.

Methods:
We report the case of endogenous endophthalmitis, meningitis, and septicemia caused by S. suis. The patient received 2 months of systemic antibiotics therapy, intravitreal vancomycin, and vitrectomy combining phacoemulsification with intraocular lens without silicone oil-filled.

Results:
The result with the best-corrected visual acuity was 20/40 on the left eye and 20/25 on the right eye.

Conclusion:
This case illustrates the rare presentation of endogenous endophthalmitis in a patient with meningitis due to S. suis. In patients presenting with endophthalmitis and meningitis, S. suis should be considered, especially if prominent and early visual acuity impairment is present.
Combined Corneal Transplant, Glaucoma Drainage Implantation, and Pars Plana Vitrectomy Outcomes in a Pediatric Population
Authors: Bohm Kelley J. , Fernandez-Vega Alvaro , Acaba-Berrocal Luis , Chan R. V. Paul , Cortina M. Soledad 
Published: February 2022

Purpose:
The combination of glaucoma drainage device (GDI), pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), and corneal transplantation is well reported in adults. However, little is known about the outcomes of such combined procedures in pediatric patients. We present a retrospective, single-center study to evaluate the safety and outcomes of concurrent GDI and/or PPV with corneal transplantation in patients 18 years and younger.

Methods:
Retrospective chart review of pediatric patients (aged 0–18 years) who received either corneal transplants or keratoprosthesis in combination with at least 1 additional procedure (either GDI and/or PPV) at the Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, Chicago, IL, between 2003 and 2017. Primary outcomes included vision, intraocular pressure, and cup-to-disc ratio (C/D). Secondary outcomes included the number of repeat surgeries and intraoperative and postoperative complications.

Results:
Thirty-six patients were included with a mean age of 8.4 years and an average follow-up of 49.7 months. Nineteen patients received corneal surgery, GDI, and PPV; 4 received corneal and GDI surgery; and 13 received corneal and PPV surgery. Of the 19 patients with all 3 procedures, 48% experienced an increase in vision with an average improvement of 0.9 lines at the last follow-up. Intraocular pressure decreased by an average of −7.2 mm Hg for all groups. Fifty-three percent of all patients experienced complications.

Conclusions:
Combined keratoplasty, GDI, and PPV seems to be effective in the management of complex pediatric eye disease. However, owing to the high risk of complications in this vulnerable patient population, careful consideration must be taken when determining a patient's surgical candidacy for combined cornea/glaucoma/retina procedures.
Association of thyroid hormones and thyroid-stimulating hormone with mortality in adults admitted to the intensive care unit: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Rao Ming-Jun , Zhang Yan , Peng Wen-Zhong , Pan Pin-Hua 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Thyroid hormones (THs) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) seem to show high potential in predicting the clinical death outcome of patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). However, diverse studies on this topic are conflicting.

Methods:
A search was conducted by two investigators involved in this research in the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases (all last launched on July 12, 2021). The quality of the included studies was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOS). Subgroup analyses were performed to determine the sources of heterogeneity. Sensitivity and publication bias analyses were also assessed.

Results:
A total of 27 studies (4970 participants) were included based on the eligibility criteria. Compared with survivors, nonsurvivors were found to have lower levels of THs (T3, T4, fT3, and fT4), whereas no significant difference was found in TSH levels (13 studies for T3: standardized mean differences [SMD], −0.78; 95% CI, −1.36 to −0.20; I2 = 96%; p = 0.008; 11 studies for T4: SMD = −0.79; 95% CI, −1.31 to −0.28; I2 =95%; p = 0.0002; 14 studies for fT3: SMD = −0.76; 95% CI, −1.21 to −0.32; I2 = 95%; p = 0.0008; 17 studies for fT4: SMD = −0.60; 95% CI, −0.99 to −0.22; I2 = 95%; p = 0.002; 20 studies for TSH: SMD = 0.00; 93% CI, −0.29 to 0.29; I2 = 93%; p = 0.98).

Conclusion:
Nonsurvivors were associated with lower levels of THs (T3, T4, fT3, and fT4) than survivors. THs show great application potential in predicting ICU patients’ death outcomes and improving already widely used prognostic scores in the ICU (ie, Acute Physiological and Chronic Health Evaluation [APACHE] II and Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System).
Nutrition in postacute rehabilitation of COVID-19 survivors
Authors: Bear Danielle E. , Merriweather Judith L. 
Published: February 2022

Purpose of review
Patients hospitalised with COVID-19 are at high nutrition risk and a significant number are likely to require ongoing nutrition rehabilitation. Here, we summarise guideline recommendations for nutritional rehabilitation in postacute COVID-19 infection, outline the rationale for nutrition rehabilitation for survivors of postacute COVID-19 in patients admitted to both the hospital ward and intensive care unit and discuss current evidence for interventions.

Recent findings
Several guidelines exist outlining recommendations for nutrition care in hospital, critical care and the community setting. All have common themes pertaining to the importance of nutrition screening, nutrition assessment, appropriate choice of intervention and continuity of care across settings. While a plethora of data exists highlighting the high nutrition risk and prevalence of malnutrition in this population, minimal interventional studies have been published.

Summary
Patients hospitalised with COVID-19 are at high nutrition risk. Future studies should focus on nutrition interventions for the rehabilitation period and determine whether nutrition needs differ between COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 survivors.
CD36 (SR-B2) as master regulator of cellular fatty acid homeostasis
Authors: Glatz Jan F.C. , Nabben Miranda , Luiken Joost J.F.P. 
Published: February 2022

Purpose of review
Transmembrane glycoprotein cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) is a scavenger receptor class B protein (SR-B2) that serves various functions in lipid metabolism and signaling, in particular facilitating the cellular uptake of long-chain fatty acids. Recent studies have disclosed CD36 to play a prominent regulatory role in cellular fatty acid metabolism in both health and disease.

Recent findings
The rate of cellular fatty acid uptake is short-term (i.e., minutes) regulated by the subcellular recycling of CD36 between endosomes and the plasma membrane. This recycling is governed by the activity of vacuolar-type H+-ATPase (v-ATPase) in the endosomal membrane via assembly and disassembly of two subcomplexes. The latter process is being influenced by metabolic substrates including fatty acids, glucose and specific amino acids, together resulting in a dynamic interplay to modify cellular substrate preference and uptake rates. Moreover, in cases of metabolic disease v-ATPase activity was found to be affected while interventions aimed at normalizing v-ATPase functioning had therapeutic potential.

Summary
The emerging central role of CD36 in cellular lipid homeostasis and recently obtained molecular insight in the interplay among metabolic substrates indicate the applicability of CD36 as target for metabolic modulation therapy in disease. Experimental studies already have shown the feasibility of this approach.
Incident HIV Infection Among Young Men Associated With Female Sexual Partner Types Identified Through Latent Class Analysis, Rakai, Uganda
Authors: Hoffman Susie , Zhang Adina , Nguyen Nadia , Tsong Rachel , Chen Ivy S. , Wei Ying , Lutalo Tom , Nalugoda Fred , Kennedy Caitlin E. , Grabowski Mary Kate , Santelli John S. 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Sexual partner characteristics are important determinants of HIV acquisition, but little is known about partner types of young men in sub-Saharan Africa.

Methods:
Sexually active men aged 15–24 years from 5 rounds (2005–2013) of the Rakai Community Cohort Study in Uganda reported characteristics of up to 4 past-year female partners. Partner types were identified using latent class analysis. HIV incidence rates (IRs) were calculated by partner-type combinations, and individual-level risk adjusted IR ratios (aIRRs) relative to the lowest incidence type were estimated using the Poisson regression with generalized estimating equations.

Results:
Young men (N = 1771) reported 4539 past-year female sexual partners. Three partner types were identified: type A: noncohabiting, student, medium duration partnerships; type B: cohabiting, nonstudent, longer duration partnerships; and type C: noncohabiting, nonstudent shorter duration partnerships. Type C partners engaged in the most HIV-related risk behaviors. Many men (29%) had more than 1 partner type/round. IR overall was 9.8/1000 person-years [95% confidence interval (CI): 4.7 to 20.6]. IR was 4.0 (95% CI: 1.2 to 12.7) for men with type A partners alone (41% of men). Relative to them, IR for those with type B partners alone (25%) was not significantly different. Men with type C partners alone (5%) had higher risk (aIRR = 3.2; 95% CI: 1.0 to 9.9), as did men with >1 partner type, including men with both type A and type B partners (12%; aIRR = 6.3; 95% CI: 2.5 to 15.9) and men with type C and other partner types (17%; aIRR = 4.3; 95% CI: 1.7 to 10.8).

Conclusions:
Partner-type combination was strongly associated with HIV incidence; type C partners and having more than 1 partner type were the riskiest patterns.
Engaging Rehabilitation Technicians Through a Career Ladder During a Pandemic
Authors: Squires Elizabeth , Shafer Kathleen , Winters-Todd Barbara , Granger Bradi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Purpose
Nursing assistant turnover is a growing healthcare concern that negatively impacts healthcare organization work environments and has significant financial implications. The purpose of this study was to implement a career ladder program for rehabilitation nursing technicians—nursing assistants who specialize in performing care duties aligned with therapeutic goals in inpatient rehabilitation. The study evaluated the effect on organizational quality metrics of employee engagement, job satisfaction, and annual turnover of rehabilitation nursing technicians.

Design
This pilot study was conducted using a quality improvement approach and a between-subjects pretest–posttest design.

Methods
A three-tier career ladder intervention for rehabilitation nursing technicians in a 76-bed inpatient rehabilitation facility was implemented. Employee engagement and job satisfaction were evaluated in all rehabilitation nursing technicians (n = 44), with a pre-implementation sample size of n = 23 and a post-implementation sample size of n = 21, from January 2020 through December 2020. Twelve rehabilitation nursing technicians participated in the intervention, which consisted of online learning modules, added job responsibilities, and continuing education and were included in the post-implementation sample size. Nondirectional statistical tests were performed with the level of significance set at .05 (two tailed).

Findings
A majority of the pre–post intervention sample (n = 44) were female (91%), African American (91%), and aged 30–59 years. Employee engagement increased from 78% favorable in 2019 to 86% favorable in 2020. Overall job satisfaction improved from 74% favorable in 2019 to 86% favorable in 2020. Annual turnover decreased from 35% in 2019 to 31% in 2020.

Conclusion
In this pilot study, a career ladder program for rehabilitation nursing technicians was effective in increasing and improving employee engagement and job satisfaction while reducing turnover.

Clinical Relevance
Rehabilitation nursing technicians are crucial members of the interdisciplinary rehabilitation team providing direct bedside care to optimize patient function. Rehabilitation nursing technician career ladders have the capacity to engage an often underrecognized employee population by creating a positive work environment that promotes job growth and retention in the rehabilitation setting.
Ultrashort Echo-Time Magnetic Resonance Imaging Sequence in the Assessment of Systemic Sclerosis-Interstitial Lung Disease
Authors: Landini Nicholas , Orlandi Martina , Occhipinti Mariaelena , Nardi Cosimo , Tofani Lorenzo , Bellando-Randone Silvia , Ciet Pierluigi , Wielopolski Piotr , Benkert Thomas , Bruni Cosimo , Bertolo Silvia , Moggi-Pignone Alberto , Matucci-Cerinic Marco , Morana Giovanni , Colagrande Stefano 
Published: February 2022

Purpose:
To test respiratory-triggered ultrashort echo-time (UTE) Spiral VIBE-MRI sequence in systemic sclerosis-interstitial lung disease assessment compared with computed tomography (CT).

Material and Methods:
Fifty four SSc patients underwent chest CT and UTE (1.5 T). Two radiologists, independently and in consensus, verified ILD presence/absence and performed a semiquantitative analysis (sQA) of ILD, ground-glass opacities (GGO), reticulations and honeycombing (HC) extents on both scans. A CT software quantitative texture analysis (QA) was also performed. For ILD detection, intra-/inter-reader agreements were computed with Cohen K coefficient. UTE sensitivity and specificity were assessed. For extent assessments, intra-/inter-reader agreements and UTE performance against CT were computed by Lin’s concordance coefficient (CCC).

Results:
Three UTE were discarded for low quality, 51 subjects were included in the study. Of them, 42 QA segmentations were accepted. ILD was diagnosed in 39/51 CT. UTE intra-/inter-reader K in ILD diagnosis were 0.56 and 0.26. UTE showed 92.8% sensitivity and 75.0% specificity. ILD, GGO, and reticulation extents were 14.8%, 7.7%, and 7.1% on CT sQA and 13.0%, 11.2%, and 1.6% on CT QA. HC was <1% and not further considered. UTE intra-/inter-reader CCC were 0.92 and 0.89 for ILD extent and 0.84 and 0.79 for GGO extent. UTE RET extent intra-/inter-reader CCC were 0.22 and 0.18. UTE ILD and GGO extents CCC against CT sQA and QA were ≥0.93 and ≥0.88, respectively. RET extent CCC were 0.35 and 0.22 against sQA and QA, respectively.

Conclusion:
UTE Spiral VIBE-MRI sequence is reliable in assessing ILD and GGO extents in systemic sclerosis-interstitial lung disease patients.
Enhanced Transrectal Ultrasound, Real-Time Sonoelastography, and Contrast-Enhanced Transrectal Ultrasound in Heavily Prescreened Chinese Men With Naive and Repetitive Biopsy
Authors: Wang Yi , Feng Yujin , Yang Xiaoyun , Wang Wengang , Zhang Tongdi , Xie Yingxin , Zhao Kun 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging and targeted biopsy have been widely accepted as the most accurate technique to detect localize prostate cancer. It is a time-consuming and expensive option and may not be widely available in China, making ultrasound the first choice for the detection of prostate cancer. In this current retrospective study, the diagnostic values of enhanced transrectal ultrasound, contrast-enhanced transrectal ultrasound, and real-time sonoelastography were evaluated. Symptomatic 315 men older than 40 years with prostate-specific antigen level greater than 4.0 ng/mL, with abnormal digital rectal examinations, and with suspicious lesions for prostate cancer under enhanced transrectal ultrasound included in the study. Enhanced transrectal ultrasound was suspicious in all 315 men, with 189 of 315 men with prostate cancer according to the prostate biopsy report. Sonoelastography was suspicious in 294 of 315 men, with 166 of 315 men with prostate cancer according to the prostate biopsy report. Contrast-enhanced transrectal ultrasound was suspicious in 221 of 315 men, with 159 of 315 men with prostate cancer according to the prostate biopsy report. Real-time sonoelastography alone and contrast-enhanced transrectal ultrasound alone were missed in 27 (11%) and 39 (15%) lesions to report cancer through biopsies. Working area for enhanced transrectal ultrasound, real-time sonoelastography, and contrast-enhanced transrectal ultrasound for detection of prostate cancer were 0 to 1 diagnostic confidence, 0.11 to 0.895 diagnostic confidence, and 0.39 to 0.63 diagnostic confidence respectively. Real-time sonoelastography and contrast-enhanced transrectal ultrasound may improve the detection of prostate cancer in men with suspicious prostate lesions under enhanced transrectal ultrasound (Level of Evidence: III; Technical Efficacy Stage: 2).
A Comparative Study of Breast Sensibility and Patient Satisfaction After Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Hwang Yong-Jae , Lee Hyung-Chul , Park Seung-Ha , Yoon Eul-Sik 
Published: February 2022

Background
Currently, a variety of treatment modalities are implemented for breast reconstruction. However, clinical prognosis regarding sensory regeneration of the breast and patient-reported satisfaction remains underexamined. In this study, we aimed to compare breast sensibility after various reconstruction.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective comparative study of all patients who underwent breast reconstruction between August 2016 and October 2019 at our institution. Acellular dermal matrixes were used to cover the implant inferolaterally in a dual-plane subpectoral approach and to wrap the implant in prepectoral direct to implant (DTI). The cutaneous tactile pressure threshold and patient satisfaction outcome were tested.

Results
A total of 105 breasts were assessed, 30 breasts reconstructed with deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap, 40 breasts reconstructed with 2-stage subpectoral implant, and 35 breasts reconstructed with prepectoral DTI. In the specific group-to-group analysis, DIEP and implant groups showed significant differences in sensory recovery, mainly in lateral areas of the reconstructed breast. In 2-stage reconstruction and DTI groups, there were no statistically significant differences. When comparing patient groups using only patients with follow-up lengths of more than 12 months, the difference was more clearly indicated (P = 0.049). Better sensory recovery predicted high satisfaction scores in patient-reported outcomes (P = 0.007).

Conclusions
We found that subpectoral implant reconstruction and DTI show no statistically significant differences in sensory recovery, and autologous DIEP flap reconstruction results in a better prognosis than prosthesis implant reconstruction. Furthermore, the clarity of the differences increased when the follow-up length was longer than 12 months. Better patient-reported satisfaction was associated with good breast sensibility.
Course Review
Authors: Dhillon Dharminder , Vijayasurej Kerrin , Teklay Samuel 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Microsurgery is an important skill for plastic and reconstructive surgeons, in addition to a number of other surgical specialties. It is one that requires a high level of surgical precision and prolonged training period with a significant learning curve. Consequently, because of the potential risk of patient morbidity, the need for high-quality simulation models is self-evident.
The Griffin Institute Basic Microsurgical Workshop, in London, United Kingdom, is a 5-day practical course that uses the live rat animal training model. It provides candidates the opportunity to learn and develop microsurgical techniques through a comprehensive set of exercises with the aim of acquiring competencies before clinical practice. Here, we provide a critical evaluation of the course.
Race and trauma mortality: The effect of hospital-level Black–White patient race distribution
Authors: Kishawi Sami K. , Tseng Esther S. , Adomshick Victoria J. , Towe Christopher W. , Ho Vanessa P. 
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND
Race-related health disparities have been well documented in the United States. In some settings, Black patients have better outcomes in hospitals that serve high proportions of Black patients. We hypothesized that Black trauma patients would have lower mortality in high Black-serving (H-BS) hospitals.

METHODS
We identified all adult patients with Black or White race and with an Injury Severity Score of ≥4 from the 2017 National Inpatient Sample. We collected hospital identifier, mechanism, age, sex, comorbidities, urban-rural location, insurance, zip code income quartile, and injury severity calculated from International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, codes. We used a previously published method to group hospitals by proportion of Black patients served: HB-S (top 5%), medium Black serving (5–25%), and low Black serving (L-BS; bottom 75%). Adjusted logistic regression using an interaction variable between race and hospital service rank (reference: White patients in H-BS) was used to identify factors associated with mortality.

RESULTS
We analyzed 184,080 trauma patients (median age, 72 years [interquartile range, 55–84 years]; Injury Severity Score, 9 [4–10]), of whom 11.7% were Black. Overall mortality was 4%. Of 2,376 hospitals, 126 (5.3%) were H-BS and 469 (19.7%) were medium Black serving. Furthermore, 29.8% of Black and 3.6% of White patients were treated at H-BS hospitals, while 71.7% of White and 23.6% of Black patients were treated at L-BS hospitals (p < 0.001). Black patients had the lowest mortality at H-BS hospitals (odds ratio [OR], 0.76 [0.64–0.92]) and the highest mortality (OR, 1.43 [1.13–1.80]) at L-BS hospitals. White patients had the lowest mortality at L-BS hospitals (OR, 0.76 [0.64–0.92]).

CONCLUSION
After adjusting for patient and hospital factors, disparities exist such that Black and White patients have the best outcomes in hospitals that treat those patients most frequently, suggesting potential for racial bias at the institutional level. Further efforts must be made to promote equitable treatment at all hospitals and reduce these disparities.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Prognostic and Epidemiologic; Level IV.