bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Political Responses of Conditional Income Transfer Recipients: A Mechanism Approach
Authors: Barrientos Armando 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis chapter studies whether participation in conditional income transfer programmes in Latin America generates observable political responses and whether these responses indicate improvements in the political inclusion of participants. It adopts a causal mechanism approach to study political responses to transfer receipt, seeking to cast light on the links existing between transfer receipt and political outputs and outcomes among recipients. A review of available literature helps identify three possible causal mechanisms: a support for redistribution mechanism; a bureaucratic mechanism encouraging political engagement; and a cognitive change mechanism. Analysis of empirical counterparts using attitudinal data from the AmericasBarometer for the period 2010–2019 confirms the relevance of these mechanisms for our understanding of political responses of conditional income transfers recipients.
Conclusion and Outlook: Towards a Systematisation of the Mechanism-Based Approach in Social Policy Research
Authors: Kuhlmann Johanna , Nullmeier Frank 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe concluding chapter takes stock of the complex causal mechanisms that were identified in the chapters of the edited volume and presents a structured compilation of complex causal mechanisms that might be a first step of a more encompassing research agenda on mechanism-based analysis in social policy. The compilation is based on a combination of actor-centred and theory-based clustering. It distinguishes general mechanisms, which can occur in all fields of social policy (or even beyond), and policy-specific mechanisms, which are linked to specific social policies. Finally, the chapter summarises key strengths of the mechanism-based approach in social policy research and outlines potential future research avenues.
Causal Mechanisms in the Development of Contribution-Based Pension Systems in South Korea, Vietnam, Sri Lanka, and Malaysia
Authors: Kuhlmann Johanna , Nullmeier Frank 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe chapter analyses and compares the development of two types of contribution-based pension systems in four countries, thereby contrasting Bismarckian pension systems (South Korea, Vietnam) with pension systems that rely on national provident funds (Sri Lanka, Malaysia). Although all countries are facing considerable problems in expanding effective coverage and providing a decent pension after retirement, they have undertaken considerable political efforts to maintain or even expand those systems. We explain this outcome through a modular and mechanism-based approach, highlight six complex causal mechanisms—the outcompeting mechanism, the gaining acceptance spiral mechanism, the evasion mechanism, the double benefit mechanism, the crisis management by going further mechanism, and the alarmed middle classes mechanism—and show when and how these mechanisms unfolded in the four countries.
Small Helium Clusters Studied by Coulomb Explosion Imaging
Authors: Kunitski Maksim 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSmall helium clusters consisting of two and three helium atoms are unique quantum systems in several aspects. The helium dimer has a single weakly bound state and is of huge spatial extent, such that most of its probability distribution resides outside the potential well in the classically forbidden tunnelling region. The helium trimer possesses only two vibrational states, one of which is of Efimov nature. In this chapter, we discuss application of the Coulomb explosion imaging technique for studying geometries and binding energies of these peculiar two- and three-body quantum systems. Irradiation of a helium cluster by a strong laser field allows tuning interactions between helium atoms. Such ultrashort interaction modification induces response dynamics in a cluster that is observed by combination of the imaging technique with the pump-probe approach.
X-Ray and XUV Imaging of Helium Nanodroplets
Authors: Tanyag Rico Mayro P. , Langbehn Bruno , Möller Thomas , Rupp Daniela 
Published: May 2022

AbstractX-ray and extreme ultraviolet (XUV) coherent diffractive imaging (CDI) have the advantage of producing high resolution images with current spatial resolution of tens of nanometers and temporal resolution of tens of femtoseconds. Modern developments in the production of coherent, ultra-bright, and ultra-short X-ray and XUV pulses have even enabled lensless, single-shot imaging of individual, transient, non-periodic objects. The data collected in this technique are diffraction images, which are intensity distributions of the scattered photons from the object. Superfluid helium droplets are ideal systems to study with CDI, since each droplet is unique on its own. It is also not immediately apparent what shapes the droplets would take or what structures are formed by dopant particles inside the droplet. In this chapter, we review the current state of research on helium droplets using CDI, particularly, the study of droplet shape deformation, the in-situ configurations of dopant nanostructures, and their dynamics after being excited by an intense laser pulse. Since CDI is a rather new technique for helium nanodroplet research, we also give a short introduction on this method and on the different light sources available for X-ray and XUV experiments.
Developing Smart City Infrastructure Inside a Historical City: A Case from Thua Thien Hue, Vietnam
Authors: Ngoc Nguyen Thi Bich 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWith the accelerated development of science and technology in the last 20 years, many cities in the world are undergoing major changes to become smarter, safer, and more sustainable. Some cities in Vietnam are also making efforts to catch up with this irreversible trend. In Vietnam, the government is working with corporations to plan and implement smart cities, focusing on nine fields: architecture, urban planning, interaction, healthcare, education, transportation, safety and security, journalism and communication management, and digital government. This paper draws on the case of the Intelligent Operations Center in Thua Thien Hue province––a remarkable example of effective smart city planning and application in Asia—and analyzes its smart city implementation inside a historical and cultural city. The center is designed and implemented to lay a sound foundation for smart city technologies. The Intelligent Operations Center helps the government supervise and control citizens’ social activities and predict social trends. Additionally, it encourages the participation of citizens in managing the city.
Legal Framework for Personal Data Protection in Vietnam
Authors: Chu Hoa 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBuilding a smart city demands the digital transformation of government working processes and procedures, including the digitization and online execution of most administrative procedures. In practice, smart city governance uses information technology to increase the efficacy and efficiency of providing services to the public. The development of smart cities raises concerns among city residents about transparency in data collection and use of personal data. When governments implement smart city projects, sensors and closed-circuit television (CCTV) are placed in most streets, commercial centers, and public areas to observe the behavior of anyone within reach. The public is concerned about what the data collected from these CCTV systems will be used for and how to ensure that such data is not misused, disclosed, leaked, and exploited for the wrong purposes. The issue of protecting personal data and respecting privacy becomes more and more important when personal data is a special type of information. Therefore, Vietnam is urged to take bold actions to effectively strengthen data protection law. This chapter reviews the Vietnamese legal framework for data protection to highlight that the legal framework for data protection in Vietnam should be reformed for the development of smart cities.
Exact result in $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 SYM theory: generalised double-logarithmic equation
Authors: Velizhanin V. N. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We present the new results for the generalised double-logarithmic equation, obtained from the analytical continuation of the seven-loop anomalous dimension of twist-2 operators in the planar $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SYM theory. The double-logarithmic equation is related to the special asymptotic of the scattering amplitudes, when the large logarithms of the energy of scattering particles are appeared and should be summed in all order of perturbative theory. These large logarithms correspond to the poles of the analytically continued anomalous dimension. The generalised double-logarithmic equation includes the subleading logarithms. We have found, that the expansion of the generalised double-logarithmic equation can be ressumed in the form of rational functions with simple denominator. The solution of the generalised double-logarithmic equation provides a lot of information about the poles of the analytically continued anomalous dimension in all orders of perturbative theory. We have found also the generalised double-logarithmic equation for the analytically continued anomalous dimension near the value, which is related with BFKL-equation.
Penrose limit of MNa solution and spin chains in three-dimensional field theories
Authors: Nastase Horatiu , Barbosa Marcelo R. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In three dimensions, a theory with spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry was described holographically by the Maldacena-Nastase (MNa) solution. We revisit the issue of its Penrose limit, and compare the resulting pp wave and its string eigenstates to a sector of the theory on 5-branes reduced on S3, and a spin chain-like system. We obtain many of the features of the pp wave analysis, but a complete matching still eludes us. We suggest possible explanations for the resulting partial mismatch, and compare against other spin chains for 3-dimensional field theories with gravity duals.
Developing high-quality value-added cereals for organic systems in the US Upper Midwest: hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeding
Authors: Sandro Pablo , Kucek Lisa Kissing , Sorrells Mark E. , Dawson Julie C. , Gutierrez Lucia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThere is an increased demand for food-grade grains grown sustainably. Hard red winter wheat has comparative advantages for organic farm rotations due to fall soil cover, weed competition, and grain yields. However, limitations of currently available cultivars such as poor disease resistance, winter hardiness, and baking quality, challenges its adoption and use. Our goal was to develop a participatory hard red winter wheat breeding program for the US Upper Midwest involving farmers, millers, and bakers. Specifically, our goals include (1) an evaluation of genotype-by-environment interaction (GEI) and genotypic stability for both agronomic and quality traits, and (2) the development of on-farm trials as well as baking and sensory evaluations of genotypes to include farmers, millers, and bakers’ perspectives in the breeding process. Selection in early generations for diseases and protein content was followed by multi-environment evaluations for agronomic, disease, and quality traits in three locations during five years, on-farm evaluations, baking trials, and sensory evaluations. GEI was substantial for most traits, but no repeatable environmental conditions were significant contributors to GEI making selection for stability a critical trait. Breeding lines had similar performance in on-station and on-farm trials compared to commercial checks, but some breeding lines were more stable than the checks for agronomic, quality traits, and baking performance. These results suggest that stable lines can be developed using a participatory breeding approach under organic management. Crop improvement explicitly targeting sustainable agriculture practices for selection with farm to table participatory perspectives are critical to achieve long-term sustainable crop production.Key messageWe describe a hard red winter wheat breeding program focused on developing genotypes adapted to organic systems in the US Upper Midwest for high-end artisan baking quality using participatory approaches.
Mutual match for semi-supervised online evolutive learning
Authors: Li Di , Zhu Xiaoguang , Song Liang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSemi-supervised learning (SSL) can utilize a large amount of unlabeled data for self-training and continuous evolution with only a few annotations. This feature makes SSL a potential candidate for dealing with data from changing and real-time environments, where deep-learning models need to be adapting to evolving and nonstable (non-i.i.d.) data streams from the real world, i.e., online evolutive scenarios. However, state-of-the-art SSL methods often have complex model design mechanisms and may cause performance degradation in a generalized and open environment. In an edge computing setup, e.g., typical in modern Internet of Things (IoT) applications, a multi-agent SSL architecture can help resolve generalization problems by sharing knowledge between models. In this paper, we introduce Mutual Match (MM), an online-evolutive SSL algorithm that integrates mutual interactive learning and soft-supervision consistency regularization, as well as unsupervised sample mining. By leveraging extra knowledge in the training process and the interactive collaboration between models, MM surpasses multiple top SSL algorithms in accuracy and convergence efficiency under the same online-evolutive experiment setup. MM simplifies the complexity of model design and follows a unified and easy-to-expandable pipeline, which can be beneficial to tasks with insufficient labeled data and frequently changing data distribution.
Kinetic, Thermodynamic and Bio-applicable Studies on Aspergillus niger Mk981235 Chitinase
Authors: Abdel Wahab Walaa A. , El-Dein Asmaa Negm , Hussein Mona , Mostafa Faten A. , Saleh Shireen A. A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractChitinases have many applications in food, agricultural, medical, and pharmaceutical fields. This study succeeded in investigating Aspergillus niger MK981235 chitinase in the spot of its physiochemical, kinetic, thermodynamic, and application. The optimum temperature, pH and p-nitrophenyl-β-d-N-acetyl glucosaminide (PNP-β-GlcNAc) concentration to obtain the highest chitinase activity of 2334.79 U ml−1 were at 60 °C, 5 and 0.25%, respectively. The kinetic parameters, including Km and Vmax were determined to be 0.78 mg ml−1 and 2222.22 µmol ml−1 min−1, respectively. Furthermore, the thermodynamic parameters T1/2, D-values, ΔH, ΔG and ΔS at 40, 50 and 60 °C were determined to be (864.10, 349.45, 222.34 min), (2870.99, 1161.07, 738.74 min), (126.40, 126.36, 126.32 kJ mol−1), (101.59, 100.62, 100.86 kJ mol−1), (74.50, 76.17, 47.24 J mol−1 K−1), respectively. A. niger chitinase showed, insecticidal activity on Galleria mellonella by feeding and spraying treatments (72 and 52%, respectively), anti-lytic activity against Candida albicans, and effectiveness in improving the dye removal in the presence of crab shell powder as bio-absorbant. A. niger chitinase can be used in the pharmaceutical field for the bio-control of diseases caused by C. albicans and for the pretreatment of wastewater from the textile industry.

Graphical Abstract
Cob: a leaderless protocol for parallel Byzantine agreement in incomplete networks
Authors: Flamini Andrea , Longo Riccardo , Meneghetti Alessio 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this paper we extend the Multidimensional Byzantine Agreement (MBA) Protocol, a leaderless Byzantine agreement for lists of arbitrary values, into a protocol suitable for wide gossiping networks: Cob. This generalization allows the consensus process to be run by an incomplete network of nodes provided with (non-synchronized) same-speed clocks. Not all nodes are active in every step, so the network size does not hamper the efficiency, as long as the gossiping broadcast delivers the messages to every node in reasonable time. These network assumptions model more closely real-life communication channels, so Cob may be applicable to a variety of practical problems, such as blockchain platforms implementing sharding. Cob has the same Bernoulli-like distribution that upper-bounds the number of steps as the MBA protocol. We prove its correctness and security assuming a supermajority of honest nodes in the network, and compare its performance with Algorand.
Incentivizing last-resort social assistance clients: Evidence from a Finnish policy experiment
Authors: Palviainen Heikki 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn 2002, the Finnish government introduced an earnings disregard experiment aimed at improving the incentives of low-income individuals who receive last-resort social assistance. The aim of the experiment was to reduce unemployment by providing social assistance clients better incentives to receive at least temporary or part-time work. This paper evaluates the employment effects of the experiment as an event study using coarsened exact matching (CEM) and difference-in-differences. On average, the results show no employment effects, but there is some evidence of positive employment effects on women.
Review of Christian Tewes and Giovanni Stanghellini (eds.), Time and Body. Phenomenological and psychopathological approaches, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2021
Authors: Wendt Alexander Nicolai 
Published: May 2022

AbstractChristian Tewes and Giovanni Stanghellini deliver a collective volume, dedicated to the honours of Thomas Fuchs. The contributors mainly belong to the phenomenological movement and provide different perspectives on the subject matter of psychopathology. Several common references, such as Fuchs, Parnas, and Sass, as well as motives, such as the experience of time or narrative self-consciousness, give the collection a unitary outline. The volume is well-edited and offers an adequate representation of the state of the art in phenomenological psychopathology thanks to diverse and reputable contributors. However, it remains to be shown how phenomenology can succeed in having a constructive and lasting influence on or at least controversial dialogue with the mainstream discourse of either cognitive psychology or psychiatry.
Testosterone, cognitive decline and dementia in ageing men
Authors: Yeap Bu B. , Flicker Leon 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAs men grow older, circulating testosterone concentrations decline, while prevalence of cognitive impairment and dementia increase. Epidemiological studies of middle-aged and older men have demonstrated associations of lower testosterone concentrations with higher prevalence and incidence of cognitive decline and dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease. In observational studies, men with prostate cancer treated by androgen deprivation therapy had a higher risk of dementia. Small intervention studies of testosterone using different measures of cognitive function have provided inconsistent results, with some suggesting improvement. A randomised placebo-controlled trial of one year’s testosterone treatment conducted in 788 men aged ≥ 65 years, baseline testosterone < 9.54 nmol/L, showed an improvement in sexual function, but no improvement in cognitive function. There is a known association between diabetes and dementia risk. A randomised placebo-controlled trial of two year’s testosterone treatment in 1,007 men aged 50–74 years, waist circumference ≥ 95 cm, baseline testosterone ≤ 14 nmol/L, showed an effect of testosterone in reducing type 2 diabetes risk. There were no cognitive endpoints in that trial. Additional research is warranted but at this stage lower testosterone concentrations in ageing men should be regarded as a biomarker rather than a proven therapeutic target for risk reduction of cognitive decline and dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease.
A Multi-modelling Approach for Assessing Sustainable Tourism
Authors: Punzo Gennaro , Trunfio Mariapina , Castellano Rosalia , Buonocore Mirko 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAcademics, institutions and policymakers advocate systematic assessments to design sustainable development and implement proper environmental management; however, practical measurements in tourism research based on composite indicators are still in progress. This paper aims to build and validate a composite indicator of sustainable tourism (SusTour-Index), which recognises the economic, environmental and social dimensions as the three main interrelated facets of tourism sustainability. The SusTour-Index is composed of 75 elementary indicators, adequately structured in pillars and sub-pillars within each economic (34), environmental (21) and social dimension (20). A multi-modelling approach tests the hierarchical structure of the SusTour-Index by combining different weighting and aggregation methods within each sustainability dimension to choose the most appropriate model once the uncertainty analysis has been performed. The structure of the SusTour-Index is validated in all 21 Italian regions by performing 23 different models of the same composite indicator. The paper presents theoretical and methodological contributions for future research and advances in practical assessments, supporting policymakers and institutions in planning and managing sustainable tourism development.
Identification of geological characteristics from construction parameters during shield tunnelling
Authors: Yan Tao , Shen Shui-Long , Zhou Annan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper proposes a framework to identify geological characteristics (GC) based on borehole data and operational data during shield tunnelling using a fuzzy C-means algorithm. The proposed fuzzy C-means model was established by integrating the K-means ++ algorithm into the fuzzy set theory. The identified factors for GC include advance rate, cutterhead rotation speed, thrust, cutterhead torque, penetration rate, torque penetration index, field penetration index, and specific energy. Principal component analysis was employed to reduce the dimensions of these factors. The first six principal components were employed to analyse the GC and establish the input data set in the fuzzy C-means model. The types of GC were determined based on elbow method, silhouette coefficient, fuzzy partition coefficient and the geological profile from borehole data. The proposed approach was validated by a case of Guangzhou intercity tunnel construction. The results present that the proposed fuzzy C-means model can effectively determine GC and provide membership to reveal the proportion of hard rock.