bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulating the distribution of beached litter on the northwest coast of Scotland
Authors: Allison Nicole L. , Dale Andrew , Turrell William R. , Aleynik Dmitry , Narayanaswamy Bhavani E. 
Published: October 2022

Various field methods have been used globally in an attempt to understand and quantify plastic pollution. However, in regions, such as the west coast of Scotland, sparse populations, combined with complex coastlines of numerous islands, sea lochs and headlands, has resulted in limited field data. The Clyde Sea is the most populated and industrialised region on the west coast of Scotland and therefore a potential source of land-based plastic litter to the less populated coast to the north. This study first presents an analysis of Marine Conservation Society (MCS) citizen-science beach-clean data, from 1994 to 2019, revealing spatial patterns between beach-clean sites. Plastic litter was categorised into land, marine and unknown sources, with the most common items in these three categories being crisp packets, fishing rope and fragments, respectively. On the west coast of Scotland there is on average 380.3 ± 419.9 plastic items per 100 m of coast, with the site average number of items recovered ranging from 1–2,355 per 100 m of coast. To simulate marine plastic litter movement from the Clyde Sea to a defined northwest model sub-area, an unstructured-grid hydrodynamic model was coupled with a particle tracking model subject to currents, diffusion, and wind. Three coastal boundary conditions were used to compare transport paths with or without particle beach resuspension, and for the resuspending cases, with or without a distinction between coastal type (retentive beaches versus reflective rocky coasts). Of the total released particles, the percentage that beached within the model sub-area, after a 1-year model run, ranged between 45.7% and 88.3% depending on the coastal boundary condition. The Clyde Sea was found to be a potential source of beached land-based plastic litter to the north, as on average, 6.8% (range: 2.9%–11.7%) of particles exited the Clyde Sea, crossed a defined northern boundary, and beached on the northwest coast. Both hydrodynamic and particle tracking models were tested, and the varying boundary conditions were compared to investigate holistic methodologies to better understand plastic pollution.
Occurrence of glyphosate in surface and drinking water sources in Cúcuta, Norte de Santander, and its removal using membrane technology
Authors: Álvarez Bayona María Angélica , Maturana Córdoba Aymer , Gallardo Amaya Romel J. , Muñoz Acevedo Amner 
Published: October 2022

Glyphosate is currently the herbicide with the highest use worldwide for weed control. It has been detected in different water sources, including drinking water, which could be generating potential damage to human health. In the Metropolitan Area of Cúcuta, intensive rice cultivation is predominant, and as it grows in flooded areas, the use of herbicides has greater contact with water bodies, which are used as sources of supply. Based on this, the concentration of glyphosate was quantified in five sampling points of surface and drinking water of the Pamplonita and Zulia rivers, using UV-Vis spectrophotometry, establishing that the concentration found in drinking water (216 and 204.5 µg/L) was below the maximum allowable limits of countries such as the United States, Canada, and Australia and above those of the European Union and the United Kingdom. Once the occurrence was identified, the removal capacity of glyphosate was evaluated using membrane technology through reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) in a pilot plant, for which response surface optimization models were implemented, and 100% removals were obtained, with repeatability close to 1% with respect to other reported investigations, highlighting that the NF process was more efficient even though the molecular weight of glyphosate was below the limit of the membrane. In contrast, it was determined that, according to the concentrations found in the drinking water supplied to the Metropolitan Area of Cúcuta, this has a low risk according to the guidelines for drinking water quality in Canada and a moderate risk according to the World Health Organization (WHO). The conventional systems currently used for water purification are insufficient to remove traces of contaminants such as herbicides. Therefore, it is necessary to implement new technologies.
Studies on the molecular level changes and potential resistance mechanism of Coreius guichenoti under temperature stimulation
Authors: Duan Yuanliang , Li Qiang , Zhou Jian , Zhao Han , Zhao Zhongmeng , Wang Lanmei , Luo Mingkun , Du Jun , Dong Zaijie 
Published: October 2022

In this study, we used transcriptome and proteome technology to analyze molecular level changes in tissues ofCoreius guichenoticultured at high temperature (HT) and low temperature (LT). We also screened for specific anti-stress genes and proteins and evaluated the relationships between them. We identified 201,803 unigenes and 10,623 proteins. Compared with the normal temperature (NT), 408 genes and 1,204 proteins were up- or down-regulated in brain tissues, respectively, at HT, and the numbers were 8 and 149 at LT. In gill tissues, the numbers were 101 and 1,745 at HT and 27 and 511 at LT. In gill tissues at both temperatures, the degree of down-regulation (average, HT 204.67-fold, LT 443.13-fold) was much greater than that of up-regulation (average, HT 28.69-fold, LT 17.68-fold). The protein expression in brain (average, up 52.67-fold, down 13.54-fold) and gill (average, up 73.02-fold, down 12.92-fold) tissues increased more at HT than at LT. The protein expression in brain (up 3.77-fold, down 4.79-fold) tissues decreased more at LT than at HT, whereas the protein expression in gill (up 8.64-fold, down 4.35-fold) tissues was up-regulated more at LT than at HT. At HT, brain tissues were mainly enriched in pathways related to metabolism and DNA repair; at LT, they were mainly enriched in cancer-related pathways. At both temperatures, gill tissues were mainly enriched in pathways related to cell proliferation, apoptosis, immunity, and inflammation. Additionally, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis showed more differentially expressed proteins in gill tissues than in brain tissues at HT and LT, and temperature stimulation led to the strengthening of metabolic pathways in both tissues. Of the 96 genes we identified as potentially being highly related to temperature stress (59 from transcriptome and 38 from proteome data), we detectedheat shock protein 70in both the transcriptome and proteome. Our results improved our understanding of the differential relationship between gene expression and protein expression inC. guichenoti. Identifying important temperature stress genes will help lay a foundation for cultivatingC. guichenoti, and even other fish species, that are resistant to HT or LT.
Case report: Ruxolitinib as first-line therapy for secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in patients with AIDS
Authors: Liu Xiang , Zhu Xueling , Zhou Xiaotang , Xie Yirui , Xiang Dairong , Wan Zhikai , Huang Ying , Zhu Biao 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundHemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a fatal immunological syndrome resulting from excessive production of inflammatory cytokines. The conventional therapies for HLH, which are based on cytotoxic agents, are not always efficacious and safe, especially in patients with severe immunodeficiency. Ruxolitinib, a strong inhibitor of Janus kinase (JAK) 1/2, has already been evaluated as salvage and first-line therapy for HLH. Despite its promising efficacy and tolerability in the treatment of secondary HLH, the efficacy and safety of ruxolitinib in HLH patients with HIV infection remain to be investigated.Case presentationTwo men (ages: 45 and 58 years) both presented at our hospital with a high fever. They were found to be HIV-positive with severe immunodeficiency and opportunistic infections. Their laboratory tests showed severe pancytopenia, hypofibrinogenemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and increased levels of inflammatory factors and ferritin. Hemophagocytosis was found in the bone marrow, and abdominal computed tomography or ultrasonography showed splenomegaly. Both patients were diagnosed with infection-induced HLH due to severe immunodeficiency. Given they were both highly immunocompromised, we chose ruxolitinib as a first-line treatment alternative to cytotoxic chemotherapy. Rapid remission of clinical symptoms and normalization of laboratory parameters were achieved after ruxolitinib therapy. Neither patient had any associated adverse drug reactions or other laboratory abnormalities. Both patients were eventually discharged and ruxolitinib was discontinued as their disease alleviated, and they did not show signs of relapse during the 3- and 5-month of follow-up examinations.ConclusionWe described two cases of AIDS-related secondary HLH treated with ruxolitinib. Our cases highlight the feasibility of using ruxolitinib as a first-line therapy in patients with HIV infection and secondary HLH. Nevertheless, the safety and efficacy of this novel treatment need to be evaluated in large clinical trials in the future.
PD-1/PD-L1 combined with LAG3 is associated with clinical activity of immune checkpoint inhibitors in metastatic primary pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma
Authors: Zhong Yu-Min , Yin Kai , Chen Yu , Xie Zhi , Lv Zhi-Yi , Yang Jin-Ji , Yang Xue-Ning , Zhou Qing , Wang Bin-Chao , Zhong Wen-Zhao , Gao Ling-Ling , Zhou Wen-Bin , Chen Ji , Tu Hai-Yan , Liao Ri-Qiang , Zhang Dong-Kun , Zhang Shui-Lian , Lu Dan-Xia , Zheng Hong-Bo , Zhang Heng-Hui , Wu Yi-Long , Zhang Xu-Chao 
Published: October 2022

Primary pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (PLELC) is an Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-related, rare subtype of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) show durable responses in advanced NSCLC. However, their effects and predictive biomarkers in PLELC remain poorly understood. We retrospectively analyzed the data of 48 metastatic PLELC patients treated with ICI. Pretreated paraffin-embedded specimens (n = 19) were stained for PD-1, PD-L1, LAG3, TIM3, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD68, FOXP3, and cytokeratin (CK) by multiple immunohistochemistry (mIHC). Next-generation sequencing was performed for 33 PLELC samples. Among patients treated with ICI monotherapy (n = 30), the objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), median progression-free survival (mPFS), and overall survival (mOS) were 13.3%, 80.0%, 7.7 months, and 24.9 months, respectively. Patients with PD-L1 ≥1% showed a longer PFS (8.4 vs. 2.1 months, p = 0.015) relative to those with PD-L1 &lt;1%. Among patients treated with ICI combination therapy (n = 18), ORR, DCR, mPFS, and mOS were 27.8%, 100.0%, 10.1 months, and 19.7 months, respectively. Patients with PD-L1 ≥1% showed a significantly superior OS than those with PD-L1 &lt;1% (NA versus 11.7 months, p = 0.001). Among the 19 mIHC patients, those with high PD-1/PD-L1 and LAG3 expression showed a longer PFS (19.0 vs. 3.9 months, p = 0.003). ICI also showed promising efficacy for treating metastatic PLELC. PD-L1 may be both predictive of ICI treatment efficacy and prognostic for survival in PLELC. PD-1/PD-L1 combined with LAG3 may serve as a predictor of ICI treatment effectiveness in PLELC. Larger and prospective trials are warranted to validate both ICI activity and predictive biomarkers in PLELC.This study was partly presented as a poster at the IASLC 20th World Conference on Lung Cancer 2019, 7–10 September 2019, Barcelona, Spain.
Continuous renal replacement therapy attenuates polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cell expansion in pediatric severe sepsis
Authors: Feng Shuyun , Cui Yun , Zhou Yiping , Shao Lujing , Miao Huijie , Dou Jiaying , Liu Tiantian , Wang Chunxia , Zhang Yucai 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundMyeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) expansion is an important mechanism underlying immunosuppression during sepsis. Though continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) may attenuate hyperinflammatory response in sepsis, its role in regulating MDSCs is unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the potential role of CRRT involved in sepsis-induced MDSCs expansion in pediatric sepsis.MethodThe proportion of polymorphonuclear MDSCs (PMN-MDSCs) was detected before CRRT (pre-CRRT), at 24 hours after CRRT (CRRT 1st day) and on the 7th day after CRRT (CRRT 7th day). The correlation analyses were performed to elucidate the relationship of MDSCs with clinical indexes in sepsis.ResultsTotally 22 pediatric patients with sepsis were enrolled [median age 44 (IQR15, 83) months]. PMN-MDSCs were expanded in pediatric sepsis compared with healthy controls (4.30% vs. 0.37%, P=0.04). The proportion of PMN-MDSCs showed a decreased tendency on the CRRT 7th day compared with that on the CRRT 1st day in survivors (2.29% vs.5.32%, P = 0.088). There was no significant difference in the proportion of PMN-MDSCs between survivors and non-survivors before CRRT (4.51% vs. 3.33%, P=0.745). The levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6) was decreased on the CRRT 7th day compared with CRRT 1st day in survivors. In the subgroups of patients with significantly decreased IL-6 levels after CRRT, the proportion of PMN-MDSCs on the CRRT 7th day were also significantly decreased compared with that on the CRRT 1st day (2.21% vs. 6.67%, P = 0.033).ConclusionThe proportion of PMN-MDSCs was down-regulated on the CRRT 7th day in survivors with sepsis. The reduced PMN-MDSCs expansion may relate to decreased IL-6 level.
Atopy as an independent predictor for long-term patient and graft survival after kidney transplantation
Authors: Porret Raphaël , Meier Raphaël P. H. , Mikulic Josip , Pascual Manuel , Aubert Vincent , Harr Thomas , Golshayan Déla , Muller Yannick D. 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundAtopy is a genetic condition predisposing individuals to develop immunoglobulin E (IgE) against common allergens through T-helper 2 (Th2) polarization mechanisms. The impact of atopy on graft survival in solid organ transplantation is unknown.MethodologyWe analyzed 268 renal allograft recipients from the Swiss Transplant Cohort Study, a prospective multicenter cohort studying patients after solid organ transplantation, with a 9-year median follow-up (IQR 3.0). We used the Phadiatop assay to measure IgE antibodies against a mixture of common inhaled allergens (grass, tree, herbs, spores, animals, and mites) to identify pre-transplantation atopic patients (&gt;0.35 KU/L).ResultsOf 268 kidney transplant recipients, 66 individuals were atopic (24.6%). Atopic patients were significantly younger than non-atopic patients (49.6 vs 58.0 years old, P = 0.002). No significant difference was found for gender, cold/warm ischemia time, preformed donor-specific antibodies (DSA), HLA mismatches, induction and maintenance immunosuppressive therapy, CMV serostatus, or cause of kidney failure. Patient and graft survival at ten years of follow-up were significantly better in the atopic group, 95.2% versus 69.2% patient survival (P &lt; 0.001), and 87.9% versus 60.8% graft survival (P &lt; 0.001), respectively. A multivariate Cox analysis revealed that atopy predicted recipient and graft survival independently of age and living donor donation. Finally, we found similar rates of biopsy-proven acute cellular and antibody-mediated rejections between atopic and non-atopic recipients.ConclusionAtopy was associated with better long-term patient and graft survival, independently of age and living donor donation after kidney transplantation. Yet, atopy should not be used as a predictor for acute rejection.
An evolution of pontoon traps for cod fishing (Gadus morhua) in the southern Baltic Sea
Authors: Ljungberg Peter , Königson Sara , Lunneryd Sven-Gunnar 
Published: October 2022

With increasing seal populations in the Baltic Sea comes growing interaction between seals and coastal fisheries. The impact of seals, mainly grey seal (Halichoerus grypus), on fisheries can be reduced by implementing of seal-safe fishing gear, which hinders seal access to catches. One successful solution is the introduction of a modified seal-safe trap net, the pontoon trap. In this study, pontoon traps were modified for use in cod (Gadus morhua) fisheries in the southern Baltic Sea. Three aspects of the pontoon trap design were tested for their effects on catch rates: (1) leader net mesh size; (2) leader net length; and (3) fish chamber position. The greatest catch rates were obtained using a leader net with a 100 mm center-knot to center-knot mesh-size on a bottom-set fish chamber while there was no difference in cod catch rates in relation to leader net length. There was no seal-induced damaged cod in the pontoon traps during any of the trials. Cod catch rates using the pontoon trap were also compared to those of the cod gillnet fishery in the same area. The comparison showed that during specific fishing occasions, multiple pontoon traps may have similar catch rates to gillnets.
Post-COVID-19 syndrome symptoms after mild and moderate SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Al-Husinat Lou’i , Nusir Mokeem , Al-Gharaibeh Haitham , Alomari Amer A. , Smadi Mahmoud M. , Battaglini Denise , Pelosi Paolo 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundPost-COVID-19 Syndrome (PCS) is characterized by residual symptoms following the initial recovery from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. The prevalence of PCS is known to be the highest among severe and critical forms of the disease. However, the occurrence and risk factors for PCS after mild or moderate SARS-CoV-2 infection has not been extensively investigated.MethodsOnline and offline via both paper or mailed questionnaires distributed among Jordan collected between 1st and 21st August 2021, including a total number of 800 respondents, of whom 495 had previous mild to moderate COVID-19 infection. The Newcastle post-COVID syndrome Follow-up Screening Questionnaire was modified, translated, and used as a standard instrument for data collection regarding psychological, medical, and socio-economic symptoms post-infection. The primary outcome was the prevalence of PCS after mild to moderate COVID-19 in Jordan. Secondary outcome was the identification of PCS risk factors.ResultsThe most common PCS symptom was mood disturbance followed by fatigue, anxiety, and myalgia. Female gender significantly increased the risk for multiple PCS symptoms. Age &lt; 30 years was found to be an independent risk factor for myalgia (p = 0.001).ConclusionPCS is highly prevalent among COVID-19 survivors in Jordan, especially in females and patients with comorbidities. Planning physical and mental rehabilitation services is recommended for those patients with PCS symptoms after mild to moderate COVID-19 infection.
Identification of potential drug targets for vascular dementia and carotid plaques by analyzing underlying molecular signatures shared by them
Authors: Shu Jun , Ren Yiqing , Tan Wen , Wei Wenshi , Zhang Li , Chang Jie 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundVascular dementia (VaD) and carotid atherosclerotic plaques are common in the elderly population, conferring a heavy burden on families and society. Accumulating evidence indicates carotid atherosclerotic plaques to be a risk factor for VaD. However, the underlying mechanisms for this association are mainly unknown.Materials and methodsWe analyzed temporal cortex gene expression data of the GSE122063 dataset and gene expression data of the GSE163154 dataset to identify commonly differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Then we performed functional enrichment analysis, immune cell infiltration and evaluation, correlation analysis between differentially expressed immune-related genes (DEIRGs) and immune cells, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, and drug-gene analysis.ResultsWe identified 41 overlapped DEGs between the VaD and carotid atherosclerosis plaque datasets. Functional enrichment analyses revealed that these overlapped DEGs were mainly enriched in inflammatory and immune-related processes. Immunocyte infiltration and evaluation results showed that M0 macrophages, M2 macrophages, and T cells gamma delta had a dominant abundance in carotid atherosclerosis plaque samples, and M0 macrophages showed a significantly different infiltration percentage between the early and advanced stage plaques group. Resting CD4 memory T cells, M2 macrophages, and naive B cells were the top three highest infiltrating fractions in VaD. Furthermore, B cells and NK cells showed a different infiltration percentage between VaD and matched controls. We identified 12 DEIRGs, and the result of correlation analysis revealed that these DEIRGs were closely related to differentially expressed immune cells. We identified five key DEIRGs based on ROC analysis. The drug-gene interaction analysis showed that four drugs (avacopan, CCX354, BMS-817399, and ASK-8007) could be potential drugs for VaD and carotid atherosclerotic plaques treatment.ConclusionCollectively, these findings indicated that inflammatory and immune-related processes be a crucial common pathophysiological mechanism shared by VaD and carotid plaques. This study might provide new insights into common molecular mechanisms between VaD and carotid plaques and potential targets for the treatment.
Risk scores of incident mild cognitive impairment in a Beijing community-based older cohort
Authors: Li Xin , Xia Jianan , Li Yumeng , Xu Kai , Chen Kewei , Zhang Junying , Li He , Zhang Zhanjun 
Published: October 2022

Objective: It is very important to identify individuals who are at greatest risk for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to potentially mitigate or minimize risk factors early in its course. We created a practical MCI risk scoring system and provided individualized estimates of MCI risk.Methods: Using data from 9,000 older adults recruited for the Beijing Ageing Brain Rejuvenation Initiative, we investigated the association of the baseline demographic, medical history, lifestyle and cognitive data with MCI status based on logistic modeling and established risk score (RS) models 1 and 2 for MCI. We evaluated model performance by computing the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC). Finally, RS model 3 was further confirmed and improved based on longitudinal outcome data from the progression of MCI in a sub-cohort who had an average 3-year follow-up.Results: A total of 1,174 subjects (19.8%) were diagnosed with MCI at baseline, and 72 (7.8%) of 849 developed MCI in the follow-up. The AUC values of RS models 1 and 2 were between 0.64 and 0.70 based on baseline age, education, cerebrovascular disease, intelligence and physical activities. Adding baseline memory and language performance, the AUC of RS model 3 more accurately predicted MCI conversion (AUC = 0.785).Conclusion: A combination of risk factors is predictive of the likelihood of MCI. Identifying the RSs may be useful to clinicians as they evaluate their patients and to researchers as they design trials to study possible early non-pharmaceutical interventions to reduce the risk of MCI and dementia.