bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Graphene‐Based Hydrogel Strain Sensors with Excellent Breathability for Motion Detection and Communication
Authors: Liu Xingchi , Huang Zepeng , Ye Changqing , Luo Zewei , Chen Lei , Yao Xingye , Liang Fang , Yang Tao , Bi Hengchang , Wang Chaolun , Cai Chunhua , Lyu Liangjian , Wu Xing 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHydrogels are considered as promising materials in developing next‐generation wearable sensors due to their intrinsic biocompatibility and low Young's modulus. However, there are few reports on their breathability which is very important for wear comfortability of wearable sensors. Here graphene‐based hydrogel is presented with regular pores using microneedles as templates endowing them with excellent breathability (water vapor transmitting rate 2.8 kg d–1 m–2), which is near ten times that of human skin (water vapor transmitting rate less than 0.3 kg d–1 m–2). A high‐performance strain sensor based on this breathable hydrogel is developed. This sensor not only possesses high sensitivity but also has an excellent linearity with strain ranging from 0% to 110%. Based on these performances, this sensor can be applied in monitoring various joint movements and muscle movements. Moreover, it can achieve barrier‐free communication through Morse code.
Shaping Block Copolymer Microparticles by Positively Charged Polymeric Nanoparticles
Authors: Zhang Mengmeng , Ren Min , Zhang Yuping , Hou Zaiyan , Liu Simeng , Zhang Lianbin , Xu Jiangping , Zhu Jintao 
Published: April 2022

AbstractShape‐transforming block copolymer (BCP) microparticles have attracted extensive attention due to their promising applications in nanotechnology, biomedicines, interfacial science, and other fields. As their performance is highly associated to their shape and structure, it is very important to realize the precise control of particle shape. In this report, a method is proposed to regulate the shape and structure of polystyrene‐b‐polydimethoxysiloxane (PS‐b‐PDMS) microparticles by using positively charged core‐crosslinked nanoparticles (CNPs) as a cosurfactant, combining with cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). The electrostatic repulsive interactions between CNPs and CTAB dominate the shape of PS‐b‐PDMS particles. Upon introducing NaCl, the electrostatic repulsion is reduced, resulting in the reshape of PS‐b‐PDMS particles from striped Janus ellipsoids to onion‐like microspheres at a critical concentration of NaCl (cNaCl). Interestingly, it is found that the critical cNaCl first increases then reaches a plateau, with the increase in the crosslinking degree of the CNPs. The work provides a simple strategy to tailor the morphology of BCPs by manipulating the electrostatic interaction.
Prosaccade and Antisaccade Behavior in Fragile X‐Associated Tremor/Ataxia Syndrome Progression
Authors: McLennan Yingratana A. , Mosconi Matthew W. , McKenzie Forrest J. , Famula Jessica , Krawchuk Bennet , Kim Kyoungmi , Clark Courtney J. , Hessl David , Rivera Susan M. , Simon Tony J. , Tassone Flora , Hagerman Randi J. 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundQuantitative measurement of eye movements can reveal subtle progression in neurodegenerative diseases.ObjectiveTo determine if quantitative measurements of eye movements may reveal subtle progression of fragile X‐associated tremor and ataxia (FXTAS).MethodsProsaccade (PS) and antisaccade (AS) behavior was analyzed in 25 controls, 57 non‐FXTAS carriers, and 46 carriers with FXTAS.ResultsSymptomatic individuals with FXTAS had longer AS latencies, increased rates of AS errors, and increased AS dysmetria relative to non‐FXTAS carriers and controls. These deficits, along with PS latency and velocity, were greater in advanced FXTAS stages.ConclusionAS deficits differentiated FXTAS from non‐FXTAS premutation carriers implicating top‐down control and frontostriatal deterioration. However, the absence of group differences between non‐FXTAS carriers and controls in AS and PS markers suggests saccade performance may not be a sensitive enough measure for detecting conversion to FXTAS, but instead more helpful as translational biomarkers of FXTAS progression.
The Phenomenology of Primary Orthostatic Tremor
Authors: Swinnen Bart E.K.S. , de Waal Hanneke , Buijink Arthur W.G. , de Bie Rob M.A. , van Rootselaar Anne‐Fleur 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe presence and prevalence of several neurological signs in patients with primary orthostatic tremor have not been systematically studied.ObjectivesTo assess the prevalence of clinical features of primary orthostatic tremor.MethodsVideo‐based assessment by four raters of standardized neurological examination of 11 patients with primary orthostatic tremor.ResultsOn standing, bent knees (7/11), hem sign (6/10), and a broad base of support (6/11) were the three most prevalent signs. Examination of gait revealed abnormal tandem gait (9/11) and bent knees (6/11) as the most prevalent clinical signs. In the arms, none of the patients displayed bradykinesia, ataxia, or dystonia. In the legs, ataxia was absent in all patients and bradykinesia was present in only one patient.ConclusionsAbnormal tandem gait, bent knees, hem sign, and broad base on standing are the most prevalent clinical signs in primary orthostatic tremor. We did not encounter clear extrapyramidal or unequivocal cerebellar signs.
Microcornea, iris and choroidal coloboma, and global developmental delay caused by TENM3 pathogenic variants in a Chinese patient
Authors: Zhou Youfeng , Xu Ke , Gu Weiyue , Huang Yan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundBiallelic TENM3 pathogenic variants cause isolated or syndromic microphthalmia. Syndromic microphthalmia 15 (MCOPS15) is characterized by microphthalmia, coloboma, and developmental delay. Currently, only four cases of MCOPS15 have been reported and the clinical features varied among the patients indicating potential broad phenotypic spectrum.MethodsThe present case was a 6‐month‐old male at diagnosis. The patient exhibited long philtrum, large ears, bilateral ptosis, and nystagmus. Ophthalmic tests showed that he had microcornea, iris and choroidal coloboma. The patient presented with global developmental delay (GDD). Trio‐whole exome sequencing and genome copy number sequencing were conducted to explore the disease‐causing mutations.ResultsExome sequencing and genome copy number sequencing showed the presence of L1471F and E661G compound mutations in TENM3, which were inherited from the mother and father, respectively. Sanger sequencing was conducted to verify association of the mutations with the disease in the present family.ConclusionTwo TENM3 variants were identified in a patient with Syndromic microphthalmia 15 in the present study. However, further studies should be conducted to explore the pathogenicity of the variants.
A novel use of time separation technique to improve flat detector CT perfusion imaging in stroke patients
Authors: Kulvait Vojtěch , Hoelter Philip , Frysch Robert , Haseljić Hana , Doerfler Arnd , Rose Georg 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundCT perfusion imaging (CTP) is used in the diagnostic workup of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). CTP may be performed within the angio suite using flat detector CT (FDCT) to help reduce patient management time.PurposeIn order to significantly improve FDCT perfusion (FDCTP) imaging, data‐processing algorithms need to be able to compensate for the higher levels of noise, slow rotation speed, and a lower frame rate of current FDCT devices.MethodsWe performed a realistic simulation of FDCTP acquisition based on CTP data from seven subjects. We used the time separation technique (TST) as a model‐based approach for FDCTP data processing. We propose a novel dimension reduction in which we approximate the time attenuation curves by a linear combination of trigonometric functions. Our goal was to show that the TST can be used even without prior assumptions on the shape of the attenuation profiles.ResultsWe first demonstrated that a trigonometric basis is suitable for dimension reduction of perfusion data. Using simulated FDCTP data, we have shown that a trigonometric basis in the TST provided better results than the classical straightforward processing even with additional noise. Average correlation coefficients of perfusion maps were improved for cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral blood volume, mean transit time (MTT) maps. In a moderate noise scenario, the average Pearson's coefficient for the CBF map was improved using the TST from 0.76 to 0.81. For the MTT map, it was improved from 0.37 to 0.45. Furthermore, we achieved a total processing time from the reconstruction of FDCTP data to the generation of perfusion maps of under 5 min.ConclusionsIn our study cohort, perfusion maps created from FDCTP data using the TST with a trigonometric basis showed equivalent perfusion deficits to classic CT perfusion maps. It follows, that this novel FDCTP technique has potential to provide fast and accurate FDCTP imaging for AIS patients.
Comparative accuracy and resolution assessment of two prototype proton computed tomography scanners
Authors: Dedes George , Drosten Hubertus , Götz Stefanie , Dickmann Jannis , Sarosiek Christina , Pankuch Mark , Krah Nils , Rit Simon , Bashkirov Vladimir , Schulte Reinhard W. , Johnson Robert P. , Parodi Katia , DeJongh Ethan , Landry Guillaume 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundImproving the accuracy of relative stopping power (RSP) in proton therapy may allow reducing range margins. Proton computed tomography (pCT) has been shown to provide state‐of‐the‐art RSP accuracy estimation, and various scanner prototypes have recently been built. The different approaches used in scanner design are expected to impact spatial resolution and RSP accuracy.PurposeThe goal of this study was to perform the first direct comparison, in terms of spatial resolution and RSP accuracy, of two pCT prototype scanners installed at the same facility and by using the same image reconstruction algorithm.MethodsA phantom containing cylindrical inserts of known RSP was scanned at the phase‐II pCT prototype of the U.S. pCT collaboration and at the commercially oriented ProtonVDA scanner. Following distance‐driven binning filtered backprojection reconstruction, the radial edge spread function of high‐density inserts was used to estimate the spatial resolution. RSP accuracy was evaluated by the mean absolute percent error (MAPE) over the inserts. No direct imaging dose estimation was possible, which prevented a comparison of the two scanners in terms of RSP noise.ResultsIn terms of RSP accuracy, both scanners achieved the same MAPE of 0.72% when excluding the porous sinus insert from the evaluation. The ProtonVDA scanner reached a better overall MAPE when all inserts and the body of the phantom were accounted for (0.81%), compared to the phase‐II scanner (1.14%). The spatial resolution with the phase‐II scanner was found to be 0.61 lp/mm, while for the ProtonVDA scanner somewhat lower at 0.46 lp/mm.ConclusionsThe comparison between two prototype pCT scanners operated in the same clinical facility showed that they both fulfill the requirement of an RSP accuracy of about 1%. Their spatial resolution performance reflects the different design choices of either a scanner with full tracking capabilities (phase‐II) or of a more compact tracker system, which only provides the positions of protons but not their directions (ProtonVDA).
Image guidance for FLASH radiotherapy
Authors: El Naqa Issam , Pogue Brian W. , Zhang Rongxiao , Oraiqat Ibrahim , Parodi Katia 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFLASH radiotherapy (FLASH‐RT) is an emerging ultra‐high dose (>40 Gy/s) delivery that promises to improve the therapeutic potential by limiting toxicities compared to conventional RT while maintaining similar tumor eradication efficacy. Image guidance is an essential component of modern RT that should be harnessed to meet the special emerging needs of FLASH‐RT and its associated high risks in planning and delivering of such ultra‐high doses in short period of times. Hence, this contribution will elaborate on the imaging requirements and possible solutions in the entire chain of FLASH‐RT treatment, from the planning, through the setup and delivery with online in vivo imaging and dosimetry, up to the assessment of biological mechanisms and treatment response. In patient setup and delivery, higher temporal sampling than in conventional RT should ensure that the short treatment is delivered precisely to the targeted region. Additionally, conventional imaging tools such as cone‐beam computed tomography will continue to play an important role in improving patient setup prior to delivery, while techniques based on magnetic resonance imaging or positron emission tomography may be extremely valuable for either linear accelerator (Linac) or particle FLASH therapy, to monitor and track anatomical changes during delivery. In either planning or assessing outcomes, quantitative functional imaging could supplement conventional imaging for more accurate utilization of the biological window of the FLASH effect, selecting for or verifying things such as tissue oxygen and existing or transient hypoxia on the relevant timescales of FLASH‐RT delivery. Perhaps most importantly at this time, these tools might help improve the understanding of the biological mechanisms of FLASH‐RT response in tumor and normal tissues. The high dose deposition of FLASH provides an opportunity to utilize pulse‐to‐pulse imaging tools such as Cherenkov or radiation acoustic emission imaging. These could provide individual pulse mapping or assessing the 3D dose delivery superficially or at tissue depth, respectively. In summary, the most promising components of modern RT should be used for safer application of FLASH‐RT, and new promising developments could be advanced to cope with its novel demands but also exploit new opportunities in connection with the unique nature of pulsed delivery at unprecedented dose rates, opening a new era of biological image guidance and ultrafast, pulse‐based in vivo dosimetry.
Optimal placement for needle electromyography of the supinator muscle: Cadaveric studies
Authors: Park Hong Bum , Im Jin Young , Kim Dasom , Kim Ki Hoon , Kim Nack Hwan , Rhyu Im Joo , Kim Dong Hwee 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroduction/AimsThe existing methods for needle electromyography are confusing as to which is the safest and most effective. Our aim was to identify the optimal and safest needle electromyographic insertion site in the supinator muscle.MethodsWe performed a two‐step cadaveric dissection of the supinator muscle and related neurovascular structures. The study was performed using 18 upper limbs of 9 fresh adult cadavers (step 1) and 14 upper limbs of 7 fresh adult cadavers (step 2). In step 1, an imaginary line connecting the radial head (RH) and midpoint of the dorsal wrist (RW line) was drawn, and the distance from the RH to the point where the RW line and posterior interosseous nerve (PIN) intersect (L_CROSS) was measured on the RW line. In step 2, the needle was inserted 30 mm distal to the RH according to the results of step 1. After injection with India ink, dissection was performed to measure the distance between the needle insertion site and PIN (L_CROSS_Inj) on the RW line.ResultsThe median L_CROSS was 51.4 (35.5‐65.6) mm. Needle insertion spared the PIN in all cases during step 2, and the needle was inserted into the supinator muscle in all cases. The median L_CROSS_Inj was 27.4 (13.2‐39.8) mm.DiscussionA safe and accurate needle insertion site for the supinator muscle is approximately 30 to 40 mm distal to the RH along the RW line.
Implications of median sensory study to the thumb and deltoid/biceps motor unit recruitment on identifying C6 root avulsion in upper neonatal brachial plexus palsy
Authors: Hearn Sandra L. , Pieper Joel R. , Yang Lynda J.‐S. , Chang Kate W.‐C. , Kratz Anna L. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroduction/AimsAnatomic representation suggests that a median sensory nerve conduction study recording the thumb (median D1 NCS) may effectively assess upper neonatal brachial plexus palsy (NBPP). We sought to determine the feasibility of technique, establish reference data, and assess its ability to: (a) identify focal upper plexus lesions; and (b) identify C6 root avulsion. In a secondary analysis, we explored the association between absence/presence of motor unit action potentials (MUAPs) during needle electromyography (EMG) of the deltoid and biceps brachii muscles and C6 avulsion status.MethodsA retrospective chart review was performed of surgical patients with severe upper NBPP who ultimately underwent surgical reconstruction (between 2017 and 2020). Median D1 sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) amplitude ranges were determined in affected and contralateral limbs and analyzed by C6 root avulsion status. Also, presence/absence of MUAPs during EMG of the deltoid and biceps brachii was compared between C6 avulsion patients and controls.ResultsThirty‐eight patients were included in our analysis. A median D1 NCS study was readily performed, showing a contralateral limb mean amplitude of 27.42 μV (range, 3.8‐54.7 μV). Most patients had a low ipsilateral median D1 SNAP amplitude, regardless of C6 avulsion status. Detectable MUAPs in either deltoid or biceps brachii on EMG were atypical in C6 root avulsion.DiscussionThe median D1 NCS identifies upper NBPP, but does not distinguish C6 avulsions from post‐ganglionic lesions, likely due to the frequent co‐occurrence of post‐ganglionic axonal disruption. The presence of MUAPs on deltoid/biceps brachii EMG suggests C6 avulsion is unlikely.
Coordination of manufacturing and engineering activities during product transitions
Authors: Bansal Ankit , Özaltın Osman Y. , Uzsoy Reha , Kempf Karl G. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractProduct transitions involve the replacement of products currently being produced and distributed by a firm with new products throughout the firm's supply chain. In high technology industries effective management of product transitions is crucial to long‐term success, and involves the coordination of multiple product development units and a manufacturing unit by a product division serving a particular market. Since the different units are organizationally autonomous, and the product division does not have access to their detailed technological constraints and internal operating policies, a decentralized solution is required. We develop a price‐based coordination framework using the subadditive dual of a mixed‐integer linear program that seeks to maximize the number of units whose proposed plans are included in the final solution. The proposed approach yields superior solutions to a linear‐programming‐based branch‐and‐price approach within the same computing budget. We discuss the broader applicability of this integer column generation approach, and suggest directions for future work.
A robust, interpolation‐free and monotone finite volume scheme for diffusion equations on arbitrary quadrilateral meshes
Authors: Wu Xiaoxin , Pan Kejia , Li Jin , Yu Yunlong , Yuan Guangwei , Ren Zhengyong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA novel monotone finite volume (FV) scheme on arbitrary quadrilateral meshes, such as extremely distorted meshes with concave, twisted, or even negative volume cells, is proposed to solve diffusion equations with discontinuous tensor coefficients. The first advantage of our scheme is that no auxiliary unknown is needed thus the efficiency and accuracy are improved. The second advantage is that the convex decomposition of the conormal vector relies only on the locations of cell centers and reduces geometric restrictions on cell shapes to preserve positivity. The difficulties of constructing discrete normal fluxes across the material interface are overcome by introducing primary unknowns on the opposite side of the interface into the discrete stencil with some virtual adjustments on their positions, based on the continuity of normal flux and tangent gradients. Numerical tests demonstrate that our new scheme is second‐order accurate, unconditionally monotone, and comparisons with some existing methods in terms of efficiency and accuracy are also given.
Influence of preheating temperature and printing speed on interlaminar shear performance of laser‐assisted additive manufacturing for CCF/PEEK composites
Authors: Chen Yiwei , Shan Zhongde , Yang Xujing , Fan Congze , Song Yaxing 
Published: April 2022

AbstractContinuous carbon fiber reinforced poly‐ether–ether–ketone (CCF/PEEK) shows great potential in engineering applications attributed to superior mechanical properties together with excellent thermal and chemical resistance. In this study, a laser‐assisted additive manufacturing device was established to accurately collect and control the preheating temperature based on a coaxial infrared temperature measurement system. The influence on laser power consumption, interlaminar shear performance, and failure mechanism was investigated in condition of different preheating temperatures and printing speeds. Results indicated that the laser‐preheated specimens showed much higher ILSS with maximum values and increasing percentage reached 33.48 MPa and 157.0% compared to unpretreated specimens. With the increase of preheating temperature and printing speed, more laser power was consumed, while the ILSS and increasing percentage increased firstly and then decreased. The strengthening effect on the interlayer bonding was ascribed to promoting the penetration of PEEK molecular chain ends between adjacent layers, increasing the fluidity and enhancing the bonding effect between adjacent filament together with improving the impregnation behavior of the inner fibers. The proposed interlaminar strengthening method based on laser‐assisted preheating provides potential application prospects in aerospace and automotive industries.
Effect of nanofillers and nanotoxicity on the performance of composites: Influencing factors, future scope, challenges and applications
Authors: Mehta Jimmy , Das Partha Pratim , Mehta Sahil , Chaudhary Vijay , Gupta Sumit , Gupta Niraj , Rinawa Moti Lal , Gupta Pallav 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNanocomposites are the innovative form of materials used at the nanoscale (1–100 nm in size). Parent materials are insufficient to satisfy the desired requirement to fulfill all the needs, hence to enhance various performances of composites, a suitable nanofiller (nanoparticle) can be used. The present study focuses on nanocomposite properties, types, and characteristic features. Nanocomposites that take advantage of fibers and nanofillers synergistically contribute to improved properties and environmental conditions by making them suitable for a wide range of applications (aerospace, automobile industries, electronics, biomedical, etc.). Nanocomposites are now being used in almost every field and find a wide spectrum of applications, including waste water treatment, corrosion protection, and so forth. In the present study, the effect of excessive use of nanoparticles (nanotoxicity) has also been addressed.