bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Co-offending networks among members of outlaw motorcycle gangs across types of crime
Authors: Bright David , Sadewo Giovanni , Cubitt Timothy I. C. , Dowling Christopher , Morgan Anthony 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOutlaw motorcycle gangs (OMCGs) have become synonymous with organised crime through engagement in criminal activities including illicit drug production and distribution, firearms trafficking, and serious violent crime. These crimes contribute significant social and economic harms in countries that feature a presence from these groups. The current paper uses network analytics to analyse the extent of co-offending within and across established clubs in Australia, including the relative involvement of senior, or office bearing, members. The majority of affiliates in this sample co-offended with another OMCG affiliate within the sample period, with office bearers, members, nominees and associates represented proportionally among co-offending networks to in the sample at large. However, within these clubs, criminal activities were conducted in small cliques or components of affiliates. This research supports the role of OMCGs as important facilitators of crime, and the role of co-offending in the criminal offending of affiliates. The findings hold important implications for understanding how offending is organised among OMCGs, differences between groups, differing levels of engagement from the club hierarchy.
Plasmazellen als Blaupause für die moderne Biopharmakaherstellung
Authors: Zeh Nikolas , Raab Nadja , Otte Kerstin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractChinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are the workhorse for industrial production of biotherapeutics, like monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). They are derived from ovarian tissue and therefore not specialized for the production of therapeutic mAbs. Contrastingly, plasma cells of the immune system are evolutionary specialized for high-end mAb synthesis. Taking nature as blueprint, we compared naturally specialized plasma cells to CHO cells, by big-data omic analyses, to improve industrial CHO cells.
Antikörperkonjugate — Präzisionswerkzeuge mit grenzenloser Vielfalt
Authors: Schwach Jonathan , Stengl Andreas 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAntibody conjugates are a prime example of Aristotle’s famous quote: “The whole is more than the sum of its parts”. Connecting the antibody’s high binding specificity with molecules such as toxins, dyes and nucleic acids opens the doors wide to a world of high precision molecules with high versatility. In this article, we outline the concept of antibody conjugates, describe why the conjugation method matters and introduce two prominent examples that have made their way into the clinic and research labs.
A review of advances in tribology in 2020–2021
Authors: Meng Yonggang , Xu Jun , Ma Liran , Jin Zhongmin , Prakash Braham , Ma Tianbao , Wang Wenzhong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAround 1,000 peer-reviewed papers were selected from 3,450 articles published during 2020–2021, and reviewed as the representative advances in tribology research worldwide. The survey highlights the development in lubrication, wear and surface engineering, biotribology, high temperature tribology, and computational tribology, providing a show window of the achievements of recent fundamental and application researches in the field of tribology.
India’s date with second demographic transition
Authors: Visaria Leela 
Published: October 2022

AbstractUsing data from various sources, this paper discusses the recently documented below replacement level fertility in India in the context of the universality of marriage of girls, most of which are arranged by the parents, and increase in their mean age at marriage, mainly due to decrease in child marriage. There is virtually no increase in divorce rate, cohabitation, or voluntary childlessness, except for some anecdotal evidence from metro cities. The paper shows that the transition to small family in India is not due to cultural shifts towards post-modern attitudes and norms that accept and stress individuality and self-actualization. It is largely due to high aspirations among urban middle-class parents for children which can be fulfilled when they have one or at most two children in view of the rising cost of private English medium education and health care.
Effects of axial loading on dynamic response of laterally loaded single piles in liquefiable layered soil of Kolkata city considering nonlinearity of soil
Authors: Mallick Monirul , Mandal Kalyan Kumar , Sahu Ramendu Bikas 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn the present study, an advanced nonlinear finite-element based 3D numerical study has been carried out to investigate the effects of axial loading on dynamic response of soil-pile system in liquefiable layered soil deposits of Kolkata city. An advanced soil constitutive law based on multi-yield surface plasticity model implemented in fully-coupled u-p formulation is adopted for soil-fluid interaction and pore water pressure development reasonably. The present model is validated with the past experimental results. Then, a detailed systematic parametric study is performed for numerical simulation of pile failures in layered soil deposit under axial loading by taking into account various soil conditions, pile and ground motion parameters. It is seen that the depth of liquefaction (DL) is decreased from 11.5 to 1.5 m adjacent to the pile when the axial load on pile increases from 0 to 1327 kN. Parametric studies also reveal that the bending moment response of pile under axial loading can be higher in non-liquefiable condition, with reference to the liquefiable condition. The peak lateral displacement decreases by 83.2% in non-liquefiable condition and 60.71% in liquefiable condition due to decrease of axial load from 1327 to 0 kN. Also, peak bending moment developed in the pile decreases by 97.2% in non-liquefiable condition and 82.7% in liquefiable condition when the axial load reduces from 1327 to 0 kN. So, the designer should be considered both extreme scenarios for safe and economical design. Also, it is noticed that the buckling capacity of pile is improved significantly by using larger diameter pile and the bending capacity is increased by selecting higher grade of concrete. It is concluded that the bending and buckling failure mode may be avoided by selecting a suitable combination of material strength and pile geometry.
What is the Optimal Way to Give Thanks? Comparing the Effects of Gratitude Expressed Privately, One-to-One via Text, or Publicly on Social Media
Authors: Walsh Lisa C. , Regan Annie , Twenge Jean M. , Lyubomirsky Sonja 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNumerous investigations to date have established the benefits of expressing gratitude for improved psychological well-being and interpersonal relationships. Nevertheless, the social dynamics of gratitude remain understudied. Do the effects of gratitude differ when it is expressed privately, communicated directly to the benefactor one-to-one, or shared publicly? We tested this question in a preregistered intervention study. An ethnically and economically diverse sample of undergraduate students (N = 916) was randomly assigned to 1 of 4 conditions: (1) write gratitude letters and do not share them (private gratitude), (2) share gratitude one-to-one with benefactors via text (1-to-1 gratitude), (3) share gratitude publicly on social media (public gratitude), or (4) track daily activities (control). Participants were asked to complete their assigned activity four times with different people (as applicable) over the course of about a week. Overall, participants assigned to any digital gratitude intervention experienced improvements in state gratitude, positive emotions, negative emotions, elevation, connectedness, support, and loneliness, relative to controls. Relative to all other conditions, participants assigned to text their benefactors showed the biggest boosts in social connectedness and support. Our findings show that easily scalable digital gratitude interventions can advance the well-being of young college students.
Characterization of Iron-Rich Phyllosilicates Formed at Different Fe/Si Ratios
Authors: Dzene Liva , Dutournie Patrick , Brendle Jocelyne , Limousy Lionel , Le Meins Jean-Marc , Michelin Laure , Vidal Loïc , Gree Simon , Abdelmoula Mustapha , Martin Christelle , Michau Nicolas 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe formation of 2:1 and 1:1 phyllosilicates in Fe–Si–O–H systems occurs in various geological and engineering settings; however, the identification and characterization of these minerals is very challenging due to the limited amount that is accessible, the very small particle size, and often the large degree of heterogeneity of these samples. To overcome these drawbacks, the synthesis of iron-rich phyllosilicates was attempted in this study with an initial Fe/Si molar ratio ranging from 0.50 to 2.33. The synthesis was performed at 150°C under hydrothermal conditions over a period of 7 days. Synthesis products were characterized by X-ray diffraction and fluorescence, by infrared, Raman, and Mössbauer spectroscopies, and by transmission electron microscopy. Results revealed that the stability field of the 2:1 clay mineral was wider than that of the 1:1 clay mineral. The 2:1 clay mineral was less sensitive to redox conditions compared to the 1:1 clay mineral. In addition, a heterogeneity of phases formed (iron oxides, nontronite, cronstedtite, or greenalite) was identified.
What is in a Meter? A Qualitative Exploration into the Implementation of Electricity Metering Across Mumbai Communities Using Normalisation Process Theory
Authors: Waller Gillian , Crosbie Tracey , Newbury-Birch Dorothy , Bandyopadhyay Santanu , Ghanem Dana Abi , Jana Arnab , Pillai Gobind G. , Krishna Priya G. S. , Sarkar Ahana , Thomas Neenu , Diba Parisa , Divers Andy 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMetering is fundamental in the efficient operation of electricity networks, as meters facilitate controlled usage and improve health and well-being. However, across the Global South, meters have often been found to be lacking or not fit for purpose. Therefore, this study sought to determine residents’ perceptions and access to electricity metering across a community in Mumbai, with the goal of developing recommendations to support the implementation of meters in the future. Fifty semi-structured interviews were conducted by phone, with participants from different areas and socioeconomic classes, within Greater Mumbai. The sample consisted of 20 low-income, 20 middle-income, and 10 high-income participants. The Normalisation Process Theory (NPT) was used to inform the interview schedule and to organise the thematic analysis. Meter accessibility and location was variable across the participant groups, as was the education and awareness of metering technology. Socio-political factors were found to directly affect the use of meters, specifically in the low-income group. The high cost associated with metering was a prominent finding; with a preconception that introducing meters would only increase utility expenditure. Future work should focus around ensuring meters are easy to use, practical and accessible to all residents and supporting education programmes around how to use a meter and how they can reduce utility expenditure. The cost of meters should also be investigated, to establish that the costs, associated with introducing new meters, are not passed disproportionately to consumers.
Analysis on the high-quality development of nuclear energy under the goal of peaking carbon emissions and achieving carbon neutrality
Authors: Chen Ronghua , Su G. H. , Zhang Kui 
Published: October 2022

AbstractStriving to peak carbon emissions and achieve carbon neutrality (known as the "Dual-Carbon" goal) is an inevitable requirement for elevating the environmental resource constraints and realizing harmonious coexistence between the mankind and the earth. In the energy system, nuclear energy offers various advantages, such as high energy density, low carbon emission, strong environmental adaptability and large potential for energy co-generation and co-supply. It is one of the supporting energy sources for the transformation and upgradation of the energy system to a clean, efficient and low-carbon way. In this paper, the opportunities and challenges for innovation-driven nuclear energy development in the fields of electricity generation, hydrogen production, heat supply and seawater desalination under the goal of "Dual-Carbon" are discussed and analyzed. Besides, the relevant research on improving the safety and economy of the pressurized water reactor (PWR) and sodium-cooled fast reactor (SFR) conducted by the Nuclear THermal–hydraulic research Lab (NuTHeL) of Xi’an Jiaotong University is briefly introduced.
Numerical Solution of Reaction–Diffusion Equations with Convergence Analysis
Authors: Heidari M. , Ghovatmand M. , Skandari M. H. Noori , Baleanu D. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this manuscript, we implement a spectral collocation method to find the solution of the reaction–diffusion equation with some initial and boundary conditions. We approximate the solution of equation by using a two-dimensional interpolating polynomial dependent to the Legendre–Gauss–Lobatto collocation points. We fully show that the achieved approximate solutions are convergent to the exact solution when the number of collocation points increases. We demonstrate the capability and efficiency of the method by providing four numerical examples and comparing them with other available methods.
Evaluation of surface mass-balance records using geodetic data and physically-based modelling, Place and Peyto glaciers, western Canada
Authors: Mukherjee Kriti , Menounos Brian , Shea Joseph , Mortezapour Marzieh , Ednie Mark , Demuth Michael N 
Published: October 2022

AbstractReliable, long-term records of glacier mass change are invaluable to the glaciological and climate-change communities and used to assess the importance of glacier wastage on streamflow. Here we evaluate the in-situ observations of glacier mass change for Place (1982–2020) and Peyto glaciers (1983–2020) in western Canada. We use geodetic mass balance to calibrate a physically-based mass-balance model coupled with an ice dynamics routine. We find large discrepancies between the glaciological and geodetic records for the periods 1987–1993 (Place) and 2001–2006 (Peyto). Over the period of observations, the exclusion of ice dynamics in the model increased simulated cumulative mass change by ~10.6 (24%) and 7.1 (21%) m w.e. for Place and Peyto glacier, respectively. Cumulative mass loss using geodetic, modelled and glaciological approaches are respectively − 30.5 ± 4.5, − 32.0 ± 3.6, − 29.7 ± 3.6 m w.e. for Peyto Glacier (1982–2017) and − 45.9 ± 5.2, − 43.1 ± 3.1, − 38.4 ± 5.1 m w.e. for Place Glacier (1981–2019). Based on discrepancies noted in the mass-balance records for certain decades (e.g. 1990s), we caution the community if these data are to be used for hydrological model development.
Agency and Nation-State Making in Latin American History
Authors: Mahoney James 
Published: October 2022

This essay reviews the following works:Bandits and Liberals, Rebels and Saints: Latin America since Independence. By Alan Knight. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2022. Pp. xvi + 423. $35.00 paperback. ISBN: 9781496229786.Latecomer State Formation: Political Geography and Capacity Failure in Latin America. By Sebastián Mazzuca. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2021. Pp. xii + 448. $50.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9780300248951.Republics of Knowledge: Nations of the Future in Latin America. By Nicola Miller. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2020. Pp. ix + 304. $42.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9780691176758.The Mexican Revolution’s Wake: The Making of a Political System, 1920–1929. By Sarah Osten. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2020. Pp. xiv + 290. $29.99 paperback. ISBN: 9781108401289.Five Republics and One Tradition: A History of Constitutionalism in Chile, 1810–2020. By Pablo Ruiz-Tagle. Translated by Ana Luisa Goldsmith. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2021. Pp. x + 314. $110.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9781108835312.Liberalism as Utopia: The Rise and Fall of Legal Rule in Post-colonial Mexico, 1820–1900. By Timo H. Schaefer. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2019. Pp. x + 248. $29.99 paperback. ISBN: 9781316640784.A Woman, a Man, a Nation: Mariquita Sánchez, Juan Manuel de Rosas, and the Beginnings of Argentina. By Jeffrey M. Shumway. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2019. Pp. xvii + 334. $34.95 paperback. ISBN: 9780826360908.Los juegos de la política: Las independencias hispanoamericanas frente a la contrarrevolución. By Marcela Ternavasio. Buenos Aires: Siglo XXI Editores, 2021. Pp. 264. Arg$1,720 paperback. ISBN: 9789878010809.A Life Together: Lucas Alamán and Mexico, 1792–1853. By Eric Van Young. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2021. Pp. xii + 833. $50.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9780300233919.
Genetic characterization and population structure analysis among different horticultural groups of muskmelon (Cucumis meloL.) using microsatellite markers
Authors: Saha Koushik , Choudhary Harshawardhan , Munshi A. D. , Singh Dharmendra 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMuskmelon, which is an important cucurbit of the tropical and subtropical region of the world, shows great diversity, with six different botanical or horticultural groups and fifteen varietal groups. In this study, a total of fifty (50) simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to investigate the genetic diversity and population structure of 46 muskmelon accessions of different horticultural or varietal groups. Thirty-eight (38) of the fifty SSR markers were highly polymorphic. A total of 99 alleles were generated by the polymorphic markers, with an average of 2.06 alleles per loci. Heterozygosity among accessions for individual loci varied from 0.00 to 0.21, with the highest (0.21) reported for the CMCTN71 marker. The gene diversity and polymorphism information content (PIC) values varied between 0.08 to 0.72 and 0.07 to 0.67, with an average of 0.47 and 0.38, respectively. The primer that showed the highest gene diversity and PIC values was DM0913. The unweighted pair-group method for arithmetic average (UPGMA)-based dendrogram classified all the 46 accessions into two major clusters. Population structure analysis classified 46 muskmelon accessions into 2 subpopulations. The subpopulation I contained 29 accessions from thecantalupensisgroup, and subpopulation II contained 17 accessions frommomordica,inodorusandconomongroups, respectively. Analysis of variance indicated that 18 and 68% of variance was due to subpopulations and differences among individuals, respectively. The present study supports the existence of sufficient variation among musk melon genetic resources in India, and their classification based on molecular markers will be helpful to accelerate the breeding programme for specific traits.
Why is there property? A response to Professor Wilson
Authors: Adelstein Richard 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA critical response to Bart Wilson's (2022) theory of property, focusing on his assertion of a final cause in the evolution of property. It argues that while Darwin's great achievement was to remove final causes from earthly evolution and thus move the question of how biological life is organized from theology to science, Wilson's apparent restoration of a final cause to the evolution of property would move the question of how social life is organized from science back to theology, a clear step backward.
Interpreting Ecological Calendars for the Public Through Exhibits, Art, and Education
Authors: Skelly Sonja M. , Fiorello Sarah , Potter Jay , Sun Werner , Hull Siobhan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis article describes the process educators at Cornell Botanic Gardens undertook to interpret the Ecological Calendar research project for public audiences. An ecological calendar is a way of keeping track of seasonal changes in a habitat. Many communities use and have used such calendars to coordinate their subsistence activities based on these seasonal events. Using interpretive and design planning processes, educators developed an exhibition in the Gardens' welcome center to help the visiting public understand what ecological calendars are, how they are used by communities most impacted by climate change, and their great potential for use by people around the world to adapt to increasing uncertainty associated with changes such as the increase in extreme weather events. To further help the public understand ecological calendars, two artists were invited to create art installations as part of the whole exhibition based on the research and knowledge from participating communities. Finally, project team members worked with educators to develop an environmental education activity that could be used at the Gardens and in primary and secondary schools to educate students about the value of ecological calendars and how to create them. The team was invited to submit a summary of their exhibition development process to this journal, as part of this special issue and to describe the process they took to communicate the ecological calendar research to a public audience. The process, which included an interdisciplinary team of scientists, Indigenous community members, artists, and educators' emphasized co‐creation and the benefits of including multiple voices and viewpoints. It also describes interpretation—a purposeful approach to communication that facilitates meaning and understanding—and offers an example of how this discipline can be used by the scientific community to help convey their work to public audiences.
The Unintended Benefits of the Conservation Reserve Program for Air Quality
Authors: Becker Douglas A. , Maas Alexander , Bayham Jude , Crooks James 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe link between agriculture and air pollution is well‐established, as are the benefits of the US Department of Agriculture's Conservation Reserve Program (CRP). However, little research has linked CRP to air quality directly. This study aims to address this gap by modeling the relationship between CRP and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations at the county level from 2001 to 2016. Several econometric models are estimated with panel data while controlling for drought, population, and wildfire. Results show that CRP has a statistically significant negative effect on PM2.5 concentrations. Using estimates from this model, we project an avoided 1,353 deaths, 1,687 deaths, and 3,022 deaths nationally in 2008 relative to three different counterfactual scenarios: all CRP acreage placed under cultivation, increased drought, and a combination of the first two. The value of the avoided mortality is estimated to be $9.5 billion, $11.8 billion, and $21.2 billion, respectively. These findings provide evidence that CRP may generate economic gains in terms of avoided mortality, well above the cost of the program.