bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A model for dual health care market with congestion differentiation
Authors: Besancenot Damien , Lamiraud Karine , Vranceanu Radu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe French market for specialist physician care has a dual legal structure: physicians must exclusively work in sector 1 and charge regulated fees or in sector 2, where they can freely set their fees. Patient out‐of‐pocket payments in sector 2 are partially covered by private insurance. The primary differentiating factor between both sectors is the number of patients per specialist, which in turn directly affects the overall quality of the service provided. We built an equilibrium model to analyze both specialists' decisions about which sector to work in, and patients' choice of physician and therefore sector. More specifically, the model allowed us to study the effect of changes in prices and economy‐wide patient‐to‐specialist ratios on profits and patients' utility associated with the services provided in each sector.
Diurnal temperature amplitude affects diamondback moth adult and next‐generation traits
Authors: Xing Kun , Cao Junyu , Hao Bowen , Zhao Fei 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTemperature fluctuation is one of the most important factors in climate change, and research into its effects on organisms is increasing. Nonetheless, few studies have addressed its effects on insects and particularly on the parental generation. We therefore simulated temperature amplitudes (± 0, 4, 6, 8, 10°C) for a mean environmental temperature of 25°C and studied their immediate and maternal effects on a global pest, the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), focusing on adult longevity and fecundity and egg development and survivorship in the next generation. Relative to constant temperature, moderate amplitudes (4 and 6°C) did not affect the adults, whereas 8 and 10°C amplitudes hindered adult longevity and fecundity, but significantly increased the proportional of early fecundity after each treatment. Temperature amplitude 10°C inhibited development of Day 2 and Day 3 laid eggs. These findings show that temperature amplitude affects both the maternal and offspring phenotype and indicate that the influence of temperature amplitude on diamondback moth population models requires further research.
Study on the effect of atmospheric and low‐pressure plasma and its combination on the microbial reduction and quality of milk
Authors: Manoharan Dharini , Stephen Jaspin , Radhakrishnan Mahendran 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis study is aimed to identify the effects of atmospheric and low‐pressure plasma on milk individually and in combination, as the plasma generated and applied at different conditions have variations in the effect on food. Plasma bubbling unit (200 V and 0.24 A) was used for atmospheric plasma and Dielectric Barrier Discharge discharge plasma (70 Pa) with milk passing between the electrodes was used for low‐pressure plasma. After treatment, the initial coliform load of 7.62 log CFU/ml was decreased by a maximum of 1.26, 1.58, and 2.2 log reduction, when milk was treated using low‐pressure plasma (2 kV and 3 ml/min milk flow rate), plasma bubbling (10 min) and combination of both atmospheric bubbling and low‐pressure plasma application (10 min bubbling +2 kV and 3 ml/min milk flow rate) respectively. The conductivity (significantly increased) and pH (slight reduction) of milk supported the presence of reactive species. However, alkaline phosphatase activity was not eliminated in plasma‐treated milk; the initial activity in terms of mg phenols/ml of milk was 23.20 which was reduced to 22.57 in low‐pressure plasma and 22.35 in plasma bubbling, however, it increased while both the treatments were combined. The sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis uncovered that the plasma processing didn't have any prominent impact on the protein fractions in milk. Though plasma bubbling was effective compared to low‐pressure plasma, the combination was proved to have a synergistic effect on milk. However, the enzyme structure needs to be studied in the future for analyzing the exact change in the activity.
Arabidopsis EXTRA‐LARGE G PROTEIN 1 (XLG1) functions together with XLG2 and XLG3 in PAMP‐triggered MAPK activation and immunity
Authors: Wang Yiping , Zhang Hailei , Wang Pengxi , Zhong Huan , Liu Wuzhen , Zhang Shoudong , Xiong Liming , Wu Yingying , Xia Yiji 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPattern‐triggered immunity (PTI) is an essential strategy used by plants to deploy broad‐spectrum resistance against pathogen attacks. Heterotrimeric G proteins have been reported to contribute to PTI. Of the three non‐canonical EXTRA‐LARGE G PROTEINs (XLGs) in Arabidopsis thaliana, XLG2 and XLG3 were shown to positively regulate immunity, but XLG1 was not considered to function in defense, based on the analysis of a weak xlg1 allele. In this study, we characterized the xlg1 xlg2 xlg3 triple knockout mutants generated from an xlg1 knockout allele. The strong xlg1 xlg2 xlg3 triple mutants compromised pathogen‐associated molecular pattern (PAMP)‐triggered activation of mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and resistance to pathogen infection. The three XLGs interacted with MAPK cascade proteins involved in defense signaling, including the MAPK kinase kinases MAPKKK3 and MAPKKK5, the MAPK kinases MKK4 and MKK5, and the MAPKs MPK3 and MPK6. Expressing a constitutively active form of MKK4 restored MAPK activation and partially recovered the compromised disease resistance seen in the strong xlg1 xlg2 xlg3 triple mutant. Furthermore, mutations of all three XLGs largely restored the phenotype of the autoimmunity mutant bak1‐interacting receptor‐like kinase 1. Our study reveals that all three XLGs function redundantly in PAMP‐triggered MAPK activation and plant immunity.
GnRH pulse generator frequency is modulated by kisspeptin and GABA‐glutamate interactions in the posterodorsal medial amygdala in female mice
Authors: Lass Geffen , Li Xiao Feng , Voliotis Margaritis , Wall Ellen , de Burgh Ross A. , Ivanova Deyana , McIntyre Caitlin , Lin Xian‐Hua , Colledge William H. , Lightman Stafford L. , Tsaneva‐Atanasova Krasimira , O'Byrne Kevin T. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractKisspeptin neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus generate gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) pulses, and act as critical initiators of functional gonadotrophin secretion and reproductive competency. However, kisspeptin in other brain regions, most notably the posterodorsal subnucleus of the medial amygdala (MePD), plays a significant modulatory role over the hypothalamic kisspeptin population; our recent studies using optogenetics have shown that low‐frequency light stimulation of MePD kisspeptin results in increased luteinsing hormone pulse frequency. Nonetheless, the neurochemical pathways that underpin this regulatory function remain unknown. To study this, we have utilised an optofluid technology, precisely combining optogenetic stimulation with intra‐nuclear pharmacological receptor antagonism, to investigate the neurotransmission involved in this circuitry. We have shown experimentally and verified using a mathematical model that functional neurotransmission of both GABA and glutamate is a requirement for effective modulation of the GnRH pulse generator by amygdala kisspeptin neurons.
A coordinated health policy in response to COVID‐19: A case of Botswana
Authors: Seloilwe Esther S. , Kealeboga Kebope M. , Khutjwe Joyce V. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionThis paper documents policy decisions and transformations in response to the COVID‐19 pandemic in Botswana and utilizes the multi‐sectoral approach (MSA) in providing this analysis.MethodA desk review of the different government gazette documents was conducted to trace health policy evolutionary developments and their impact on the general lives of the people of Botswana.FindingsRevealed the actors, roles in this policy transformation and the conditions that enhanced the smooth implementation of the policies are discussed.ConclusionThe paper concludes by making some recommendations for the country's preparedness and anticipatory guidance for any other pandemic or disaster that may arise.Clinical RelevanceThis paper highlights the importance of the multisectoral approach in addressing crises such as pandemics. It also demonstrates the need for countries to have well‐defined guidelines to allow decision making in the delivery of efficient health services to the general population during pandemics.
Nurses and COVID‐19 response in Botswana
Authors: Kealeboga Kebope Mongie , Khutjwe Joyce Vuyiswa , Seloilwe Esther Salang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe advent of the COVID‐19 pandemic necessitated the Botswana Presidential Task Force, in collaboration with the Ministry of Health and Wellness (MoHW), to devise strategies to utilize the already overburdened health personnel to combat the spread of the coronavirus. This descriptive case study aimed to describe nurses' role during COVID‐19 in Botswana.Design and methodsA case study analysis was used to describe nurses' roles during COVID‐19. Data were collected through observing events in various health facilities and various media platforms that described how nurses had to position themselves to combat the pandemic. Content analysis was done by coding and developing categories that put like content together and generate thematic areas.ResultsNurses from different sectors were redeployed to assist in setting up different units at the COVID‐19 makeshift hospital, taking away from the already understaffed section of health care workers resulting in the overburden and work overload. Furthermore, nurses continued with their regular day‐to‐day nursing care duties in various healthcare settings, albeit under a severe shortage due to the national response to COVID‐19.ConclusionAdaptations and experiential strategies enabled the distribution of the nursing workforce to cover all locations to curb the spread of COVID‐19 despite the challenges encountered. Recommendations and lessons learned on how to prepare for future pandemics are also discussed.Clinical relevanceDue to their large numbers, nurses formed the backbone of the Botswana COVID‐19 response strategy. Therefore, policy‐makers should be responsive to the nurses' perspectives when developing strategic policies on how to deal with pandemics based on their experiences.
Experiences of adults living with a kidney transplant—Effects on physical activity, physical function, and quality of life: A descriptive phenomenological study
Authors: Antoun Joe , Brown Daniel J. , Clarkson Beth G. , Shepherd Anthony I. , Sangala Nicholas C. , Lewis Robert J. , McNarry Melitta A. , Mackintosh Kelly A. , Corbett Jo , Saynor Zoe L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlthough kidney transplantation is the best treatment for kidney failure, scarce research has examined its effects on physical activity, physical function and quality of life.ObjectivesTo investigate the experiences of a group of adults living with advanced kidney disease focusing on quality of life, physical activity and function and to see how findings differ in a group of kidney transplant recipients.ApproachIndividual semi‐structured interviews were conducted with adults with advanced kidney disease (n = 10; 70.5 ± 8.9 years) and adults who had received a kidney transplant (n = 10; 50.7 ± 11.5 years; transplant age: 42.7 ± 20.9 months). Interviews were transcribed verbatim, thematically analysed and composite vignettes developed.FindingsIndividuals with advanced kidney disease described a sense of loss and alteration to their life plans. Kidney transplant recipients reported increased freedom, independence and a return to near normality, with improved quality of life, physical activity and function compared with their pre‐transplant lives. However, transplant recipients also described living with anxiety about the health of their transplant and fear it may fail.ConclusionWhilst adults living with advanced kidney disease often experience a reduced quality of life, physical activity and function, kidney transplantation can help facilitate a return to pre‐disease levels of physical activity, physical function and quality of life. However, transplant recipients also reported living with anxiety around their new kidney failing. This study demonstrates the variability in the lived experiences of adults living with advanced kidney disease or a kidney transplant and highlights the need for patient‐centred care.
Ophidiomycosis is related to seasonal patterns of reproduction, ecdysis, and thermoregulatory behavior in a free‐living snake species
Authors: Lind C. M. , Agugliaro J. , Lorch J. M. , Farrell T. M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractInformed and effective management of emerging infectious diseases can be improved by a clear understanding of host–pathogen–environment interactions. Impacts of the seasonal environment on pathogen dynamics and host responses are poorly described in most reptile host–fungal pathogen systems. Here, we describe seasonal patterns of ophidiomycosis, a disease caused by the fungus Ophidiomyces ophidiicola (Oo), in a population of pygmy rattlesnakes, Sistrurus miliarius, in central Florida. We used field observations of gross clinical signs of disease in combination with qPCR on skin swabs to examine the seasonal prevalence of Oo and patterns of clinical presentation in hosts. We monitored thermoregulatory behaviors, ecdysis, and reproductive status in free‐living snakes to examine seasonal associations between infection and host coping responses. Both the prevalence of Oo and clinical signs of disease varied strongly with the season (winter high and summer low). In both seasons, the presence of clinical signs was a strong predictor of the presence of Oo as identified by qPCR on skin swabs (78% probability across seasons). Snakes with clinical signs of disease were more likely to be observed exhibiting thermoregulatory behavior or in ecdysis compared to non‐clinical snakes across seasons. The prevalence of Oo was not significantly different in pregnant snakes compared to other reproductive categories, but pregnant females were less likely to exhibit clinical signs of disease compared to males. Our results highlight strong seasonal patterns in both host clinical signs and Oo prevalence and support the efficacy of using gross clinical signs of disease in combination with qPCR on skin swabs to assess disease dynamics in free‐living snakes. We also identify ecdysis and thermoregulatory behaviors as components of the seasonal disease‐coping response and highlight the need to examine these behaviors as potential drivers of seasonal infection outcomes in reptiles afflicted with fungal pathogens.
Chronic cavitary pulmonary aspergillosis: Serial clinical and CT findings correlated with antifungal treatment and patient response
Authors: Nam Yoojin , Moon Seong Mi , Shin Beomsu , Ko Nak Gyeong , An Junho , Wi Yu Mi , Lee Kyung Soo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundChronic cavitary pulmonary aspergillosis (CCPA) is the most common form of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis.ObjectiveWe hypothesise that by observing serial clinical and CT findings of CCPA patients with antifungal therapy, factors helping predict responses to antifungal therapy could be withdrawn.MethodsA total of 31 patients with CCPA who received antifungal therapy for greater than six months and who had serial CT studies were included. Clinical finding analyses were performed at initial and last follow‐up CT acquisition dates. Clinical characteristics and CT features were compared between clinically improving or stable and deteriorating groups.ResultsWith antifungal therapy, neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (2.66 vs. 5.12, p = .038) and serum albumin (4.40 vs. 3.85 g/dl, p = .013) and CRP (1.10 vs. 42.80 mg/L, p = .007) were different between two groups. With antifungal therapy, meaningful CT change, regardless of clinical response grouping, was decrease in cavity wall thickness (from 13.70 mm to 8.28 mm, p < .001). But baseline (p = .668) and follow‐up (p = .278) cavity wall thickness was not different between two groups. In univariate analysis, initial maximum diameter of cavity (p = .028; HR [0.983], 95% CI [0.967–0.998]) and concurrent NTM infection (p = .030; HR [0.20], 95% CI [0.05–0.86]) were related factors for poor clinical response.ConclusionsWith antifungal therapy, cavities demonstrate wall thinning. Of all clinical and radiological findings and their changes, initial large cavity size and concurrent presence of NTM infection are related factors to poor response to antifungal therapy.
miR‐450b promotes cell migration and invasion by inhibiting SERPINB2 in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Wang Xiaotang , Nie Xiaocui , Xu Guoqiang , Gao Jiping , Wang Binhong , Yang Junting , Song Guohua 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectivemicroRNA‐450b (miR‐450b) plays an important role in cancer progression; however, its function in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains largely unknown. This study aimed to investigate the action mechanisms of miR‐450b in OSCC.Materials and MethodsOSCC animal model was established via continuous induction with single‐drug 7, 12‐dimethylbenzo[a]anthracene (DMBA). Animal tissue samples were pathologically typed using haematoxylin–eosin (HE) staining. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was used to predict miR‐450b and SERPINB2 expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). qRT‐PCR and Western blotting were used to detect gene and protein expression in OSCC tissue and cells, respectively. OSCC cell proliferation, growth, migration and invasion were detected using CCK‐8, colony formation, transwell migration and matrigel invasion assays, respectively. Bioinformatic tools were used to predict miR‐450b target genes. Dual‐luciferase reporter assay was used to verify targeting between miR‐450b and SERPINB2. Finally, small interfering RNA (siRNA) was used to reduce SERPINB2 expression to detect its effect on tumourigenesis.ResultsFour stages of OSCC carcinogenesis (normal oral epithelium, simple epithelial hyperplasia, dysplasia and OSCC) were identified. miR‐450b was found to be overexpressed in OSCC animal samples, HNSCC samples and human OSCC cells. Upregulation of miR‐450b significantly promoted OSCC cell proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion, while its downregulation had the opposite effect. SERPINB2 was found to be a miR‐450b target gene, and its expression was negatively correlated with miR‐450b expression. Altering SERPINB2 expression effectively inhibited OSCC cell invasion, metastasis and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT).ConclusionsmiR‐450b plays a key role in OSCC tumourigenesis by regulating OSCC cell migration, invasion and EMT via SERPINB2.
Association between isolated abnormal coagulation profile on transfusion following major surgery: A NSQIP analysis of individuals without bleeding disorders
Authors: Lim Kelvin , Satkunasivam Raj , Nipper Cole , Xu Jiaqiong , Hsu Enshuo , Slawin Jeremy R. , Roy Trisha , Allenson Kelvin C. , Kim Min P. , Barber Sean M. , Ellis Taryn , Akinsola Olutiwa , Klaassen Zachary , Esnaola Nestor , Ravi Bheeshma , Jerath Angela , Wallis Christopher J. D. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionPreoperative coagulation screening for patients without bleeding disorders remains controversial. The combinatorial risk of INR, aPTT, and platelet count (PLT) abnormalities leading to bleeding requiring transfusion is not known in these patients. We examined the association between abnormal coagulation profile and the risk of transfusion following common elective surgery in patients without bleeding disorders.Study Design and MethodsWe utilized the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database from 2004 to 2018 to identify patients without a history of bleeding disorders undergoing common 23 major elective procedures across 10 specialties. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the association between coagulation profile and bleeding requiring packed red blood cell transfusion intra−/post‐operatively.ResultsOf the 672,075 patients meeting inclusion criteria, 53.7% presented with normal coagulation profile preoperatively. Overall, 12.2% (n = 82,368) received transfusion. In the setting of normal aPTT/PLT, both Equivocal INR of 1.1–1.5 (aOR 1.41, 95% CI 1.38–1.44) and Abnormal INR of >1.5 (aOR 1.81, 95% CI 1.71–1.93) were significantly associated with an increased risk of transfusion. Equivocal (60–70) and Abnormal (>70) aPTT with normal INR/PLT did not demonstrate a comparable risk of transfusion. We observed a synergistic effect of combinatorial lab abnormalities on the risk of transfusion when both Abnormal INR/aPTT and Low PLT of <100,000 were present (aOR 5.18, 95% CI 3.04–8.84), compared to the effect of Abnormal INR/aPTT and normal/elevated PLT (aOR 1.90, 95% CI 1.48–2.45).DiscussionThe preoperative presence of abnormal findings in INR or PLT was significantly associated with the risk of bleeding requiring transfusion during intraoperative and postoperative periods.
Sponsorship and the Resource-Based View of the Firm: Effects on the Acquisition of Resources, Demand, the Recruitment of Human Capital, and Organizational Performance
Authors: Jensen Jonathan A. , Wakefield Lane , Walkup Brian 
Published: October 2022

Numerous studies have investigated the influence of sponsors on the sport organizations with whom they partner. However, rather than simply assessing the impact of a new, incremental sponsor, which should result in a net positive for the sponsored organization, we quantify and isolate the effect of resources provided upon the switch of one sponsor to another. Furthermore, the resource-based view of the firm is utilized as a theoretical lens to understand the effects of these resources on demand, the ability to recruit human capital, and organizational performance. In Study 1, we analyze 15 years of data from 98 sponsorship agreements, finding that switches provide additional resources, but do not positively impact demand, recruiting, or performance, even in subsequent years. In Study 2, we find that the financial commitment necessary to acquire a sponsorship from a competitor does not result in a corresponding increase in shareholder value for the sponsoring firm.