bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Propagule size and sex ratio influence colonisation dynamics after introduction of a non‐native lizard
Authors: Fargevieille Amélie , Reedy Aaron M. , Kahrl Ariel F. , Mitchell Timothy S. , Durso Andrew M. , Delaney David M. , Pearson Phillip R. , Cox Robert M. , Warner Daniel A. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

The composition of founding populations plays an important role in colonisation dynamics and can influence population growth during early stages of biological invasion. Specifically, founding populations with small propagules (i.e. low number of founders) are vulnerable to the Allee effect and have reduced likelihood of establishment compared to those with large propagules. The founding sex ratio can also impact establishment via its influence on mating success and offspring production.

Our goal was to test the effects of propagule size and sex ratio on offspring production and annual population growth following introductions of a non‐native lizard species (Anolis sagrei). We manipulated propagule composition on nine small islands, then examined offspring production, population growth and survival rate of founders and their descendants encompassing three generations.

By the third reproductive season, per capita offspring production was higher on islands seeded with a relatively large propagule size, but population growth was not associated with propagule size. Propagule sex ratio did not affect offspring production, but populations with a female‐biased propagule had positive growth, whereas those with a male‐biased propagule had negative growth in the first year. Populations were not affected by propagule sex ratio in subsequent years, possibly due to rapid shifts towards balanced (or slightly female biased) population sex ratios.

Overall, we show that different components of population fitness have different responses to propagule size and sex ratio in ways that could affect early stages of biological invasion. Despite these effects, the short life span and high fecundity of A. sagrei likely helped small populations to overcome Allee effects and enabled all populations to successfully establish.

Our rare experimental manipulation of propagule size and sex ratio can inform predictions of colonisation dynamics in response to different compositions of founding populations, which is critical in the context of population ecology and invasion dynamics.
Homeownership and taxes: How the TCJA altered the tax code's treatment of housing
Authors: Ambrose Brent W. , Hendershott Patric H. , Ling David C. , McGill Gary A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe federal government has long promoted homeownership through various provisions in the US income tax code. The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (TCJA) renewed interest and debate about the treatment of housing via the tax code, particularly with respect to the mortgage interest deduction and the limitation on deductions for state and local taxes. We document the extent that the TCJA magnifies the long‐standing unequal treatment of debt and equity financing of homeownership in the tax code. Our analysis indicates that most households no longer benefit from mortgage interest and property tax deductions. We also show how the limitations on the deduction of state and local taxes alter the costs associated with homeownership across geographic areas, and we provide detailed calculations of the average and marginal tax rates at which housing‐related expenses are deducted. The former are relevant to the tenure choice decision, the latter to the quantity demanded decision. Finally, we document that the lost tax savings associated with the inability to benefit from mortgage interest and property tax expenditures are often small relative to the primary tax benefit owners still enjoy: the nontaxation of the return on equity invested in the home.
Using cadaver temperatures to estimate time of death: A case‐specific numerical approach
Authors: Abraham John , Cheng Lijing , Vallez Lauren , Wei Tie 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA new approach is taken to estimating the time of death based on cadaver temperatures. The predictions are obtained by using numerical simulation that can be performed in a case‐by‐case scenario. Such a method enables time‐of‐death predictions for persons of any size and weight and in any thermal environment. An added advantage of the method is that it is not dependent upon an identification of the individual tissue layers and regions. Rather, a homogeneous tissue model is used, and the results that are obtained agree closely with the results of prior estimation methods and also with a prior published case study. Among the results presented in this study are various convective environments in both air and water (or a combination for a partially submerged body). The orientation of the body (face down vs face up) is investigated. It is found that when a body is face up, its body core temperature is more responsive to the ambient conditions, compared with a face‐down orientation, at least for some partial‐submergence depths. The method disclosed here can also be used to handle situations, where the environmental conditions are changing (such as diurnal temperature variations, variation in cloudy or sunny skies, etc.). Current nomogram methods are not able to handle such timewise variations.
Metagenomics indicate that public health risk may be higher from flooding following dry versus rainy periods
Authors: Kim Minjae , Kienast Yvonne , Hatt Janet K. , Kirby Amy E. , Konstantinidis Konstantinos T. 
Published: February 2022

SummaryUrban floodwater could lead to significant risk for public and environmental health from mobilization of microbial pathogens and overflow of wastewater treatment systems. Here, we attempted to assess this risk by obtaining metagenomic profiles of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), virulence factors (VFs) and pathogens present in floodwater samples collected in urban Atlanta, GA that were categorized in two distinct groups: floods that occurred after periods of drought and those after regular (seasonal) rain events. Even though no major (known) pathogens were present at the limit of detection of our sequencing effort (~3 Gbp/sample), we observed that floodwaters after drought showed a 2.5‐fold higher abundance of both ARGs and VFs compared to floodwater after rainy days. These differences were mainly derived by several novel species of the Pseudomonas genus, which were more dominant in the former versus the latter samples and carried several genes to cope with osmotic stress in addition to ARGs and VFs. These results revealed that there are previously undescribed species that become mobilized after flooding events in the Southeast US urban settings and could represent an increased public health risk, especially after periods of drought, which warrants further attention.
Predicting aquatic animal movements and behavioural states from acoustic telemetry arrays
Authors: Whoriskey Kim , Baktoft Henrik , Field Chris , Lennox Robert J. , Babyn Jonathan , Lawler Ethan , Mills Flemming Joanna 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Fine‐scale tracking with passive acoustic telemetry can yield great insights into the movement ecology of aquatic animals. To predict fine‐scale positions of tagged animals in continuous space from spatially‐discrete detection data, state‐space modelling through the R package YAPS provides a promising alternative to frequently used positioning algorithms. However, YAPS cannot currently classify multiple kinds of movement that may be used as proxies for individual behaviours of study animals (behavioural states), an endeavour that is of increasing interest to movement ecologists.

We advance YAPS by incorporating the functionality to predict behavioural states by using an iterative maximization framework. Our model, which we call YAMS, occurs in continuous time and therefore we adapt current hidden Markov model (HMM) machinery to accommodate this while remaining within a likelihood framework that provides rapid fitting. We test our model using simulations and approximately 6 days’ worth of Northern pike data from Hald Lake, Denmark.

YAMS is shown to produce accurate parameter estimates and random effect predictions when model results were compared to simulated data, with behavioural state accuracies of 0.94 and 0.79 for two‐ and three‐state models, respectively, and location state root mean squared errors of 1.8 m for both models. In addition, the behavioural states are shown to reflect varying speeds of the pike, yielding a highly interpretable classification.

This research has the potential to be broadly applicable to both ecologists interested in identifying fine‐scale space use and behavioural states from acoustic telemetry data, as well as to statisticians who may wish to use standard HMM machinery to fit continuous‐time HMMs to animal movement data.
CFOs’ audit experience and corporate disclosure quality: evidence from China
Authors: Li Piao , Song Chang , Wang Jenny Jing , Zheng Hongrui 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper examines the effect of the prior audit experience of chief financial officers (CFOs) on corporate information disclosure. Utilising a sample of 25,480 firm‐annual observations of A‐share Chinese listed companies over the period 2007–2019, we find that CFOs with audit experience improve the quality of corporate information disclosure. We also find that Big 4 auditor CFOs have a more positive influence on corporate information. Finally, we find that the power of CEOs influences the effect of CFOs’ audit experience on corporate disclosure quality. This study contributes to the selection of CFOs by listed companies with the aim to improve corporate governance mechanisms.
The impact of changes in COVID‐19 lockdown restrictions on alcohol consumption and drinking occasion characteristics in Scotland and England in 2020: an interrupted time‐series analysis
Authors: Hardie Iain , Stevely Abigail K. , Sasso Alessandro , Meier Petra S. , Holmes John 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsEarly evidence suggests that COVID‐19 lockdown restrictions affect alcohol consumption. However, existing studies lack data on how drinking practices changed as restrictions disrupted people’s work, family life and socializing routines. We examined changes in consumption and drinking occasion characteristics during three periods of changing restrictions in Scotland/England.DesignInterrupted time‐series analysis of repeat cross‐sectional market research data (assessing step‐level changes).SettingScotland/England, January 2009–December 2020.ParticipantsScotland: 41 507 adult drinkers; England: 253 148 adult drinkers.MeasurementsThree intervention points: March 2020 lockdown, July 2020 easing of restrictions and October 2020 re‐introduction of some restrictions. Primary outcome: mean units consumed per week (total/off‐trade/on‐trade; 1 unit = 8 g ethanol). Secondary outcomes: drinking > 14 units per week, heavy drinking, drinking days per week, solitary drinking, drinking with family/partners, drinking with friends/colleagues, own‐home drinking, drinking in someone else’s home and drinking start times.FindingsIn Scotland, March 2020’s lockdown was associated with a 2.32 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.61, 4.02] increase in off‐trade (i.e. shop‐bought) units per week, a −2.84 (95% CI = −3.63, −2.06) decrease in on‐trade (i.e. licensed venues) units per week, but no statistically significant change in total units per week. July 2020’s easing of restrictions was associated with a 1.33 (95% CI = 0.05, 2.62) increase in on‐trade units per week, but no statistically significant total/off‐trade consumption changes. October 2020’s re‐introduction of some restrictions was not associated with statistically significant consumption changes. Results for England were broadly similar. Lockdown restrictions were also associated with later drinking start times, fewer occasions in someone else’s home and with friends/colleagues, more own‐home drinking and (in Scotland only) more solitary drinking.ConclusionsReductions in on‐trade alcohol consumption following COVID‐19 lockdown restrictions in Scotland/England in 2020 were mainly offset by increased own‐home drinking. This largely persisted in periods of greater/lesser restrictions. The shift towards off‐trade drinking involved significant changes in the characteristics of drinking occasions.
Impact of an opioid prescribing alert system on patients with posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: Bestha Durga , Tomatsu Shizuka , Hutcheson Bradford , Blankenship Kelly , Yu Ziqing , Wally Meghan K. , Wyatt Stephen , Seymour Rachel B. , Hsu Joseph R. , Rachal James ,   PRIMUM Group
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with higher rates of chronic pain and increased risk of developing Opioid use disorder. This paper evaluates the impact of PRIMUM, an electronic health record‐embedded (EHR) clinical decision support intervention on opioid prescribing patterns for patients with diagnosis of PTSD.MethodsInpatient, emergency department (ED), urgent care, and outpatient encounters with ICD‐10 codes F43.1 (PTSD), F43.10 (PTSD, unspecified), F43.11 (PTSD, acute), and F43.12 (PTSD, chronic) at Atrium Health between 1/1/2016 and 12/29/2018 were included in the study.ResultsA total of 3121 patients with a diagnosis of PTSD were seen in 37,443 encounters during the study period. Ten percent (n = 3761) of the encounters resulted in prescriptions for opioids and PRIMUM alerts were triggered in 1488 of these encounters. These alerts resulted in “decision influenced” for 17% of patients (n = 255) or no prescriptions for opioids or benzodiazepines for 5.8% (n = 86). The majority of the prescriptions were below 50 Morphine milligram equivalents (MME)/day, but there were 570 (15.5%) prescriptions for doses of 50–90 MME and 721 (19.6%) prescriptions for >90 MME/day.Discussion and ConclusionThe PRIMUM alert system helps improve patient safety. PRIMUM affected clinician decisions 17% of the time, and the effect was greater in patients with opioid overdose history and those presenting for early refills.Scientific SignificanceThe effectiveness of clinical support interventions for opioid prescribing for patients with PTSD has not been documented previously. Our findings provide novel evidence that the EHR can be used to improve patient safety among patients with PTSD in the context of substance use.
Mutational scanning identified amino acids of the CLOCK exon 19‐domain essential for circadian rhythms
Authors: Abdo Ashraf N. , Rintisch Carola , Gabriel Christian H. , Kramer Achim 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimIn the mammalian circadian clock, the CLOCK/BMAL1 heterodimer binds to E‐box enhancer elements in the promoters of its target genes to activate transcription. The classical Clock mice, the first circadian mouse mutant discovered, are behaviourally arrhythmic. In this mutant, CLOCK lacks a 51 amino acid domain corresponding to exon 19 (CLOCKΔ19), which is required for normal transactivation. While the importance of this CLOCK domain for circadian rhythms is well established, the exact molecular mechanism is still unclear.MethodsUsing CRISPR/Cas9 technology, we created a CLOCK knockout – CLOCK rescue system in human circadian reporter cells and performed systematic mutational scanning to assess the functionality of individual amino acids within the CLOCK exon 19‐domain.ResultsCLOCK knockout cells were arrhythmic, and circadian rhythms could be rescued by introducing wild‐type CLOCK, but not CLOCKΔ19. In addition, we identified several residues, whose mutation failed to rescue rhythms in CLOCK knockout cells. Many of these are part of the hydrophobic binding interface of the predicted dimer of the CLOCK exon 19‐domain.ConclusionOur data not only indicate that CLOCK/BMAL1 oligomerization mediated by the exon 19‐domain is important for circadian dynamics but also suggest that the exon 19‐domain provides a platform for binding coactivators and repressors, which in turn is required for normal circadian rhythms.
Coping with changing plant–plant interactions in restoration ecology: Effect of species, site, and individual variation
Authors: Garrote Pedro José , Castilla Antonio Ramón , Fedriani Jose Maria 
Published: February 2022

AbstractQuestionNurse–beneficiary plant interactions are often used to restore degraded habitats. However, whether and how shifts in plant–plant interactions along the facilitation–competition continuum alter revegetation success has been seldom considered. To test whether and how shifts in plant–plant interactions (due to woody species identity, study site, early life stage, and individual nurse) might alter plant recruitment and thus the success of revegetation projects, we chose a system comprising the Mediterranean dwarf palm (Chamaerops humilis) and seven common woody plant species.LocationTwo human‐degraded sites within Doñana National Park (southwestern Spain).MethodsWe carried out several well‐replicated field experiments to compare plant performance (seed survival, seedling emergence, seedling survival, seedling recruitment) in the presence and absence of Chamaerops humilis.ResultsChamaerops humilis had marked effects on the performance of woody species that, however, changed among life stages. Depending on woody species identity, seed survival was up to 193 times greater in adjacent open spaces than beneath Chamaerops humilis. Conversely, seedling survival and recruitment were up to 19 times greater beneath Chamaerops humilis than in open spaces. Importantly, none of the studied woody species showed greater accumulated recruitment in open spaces than beneath Chamaerops humilis. Interestingly, we found strong inter‐individual palm variation in the sign and strength of their effect on woody plant performance.ConclusionsWe found strong seed–seedling conflicts the strength of which was species‐specific. The strong inter‐individual palm variation depicts a facilitation–competition continuum with important implications for restoration. We propose several management recommendations across different hierarchical levels (i.e., from individuals to communities) that may increase plant recruitment and therefore the success of revegetation projects. Our results are particularly relevant for restoring arid, semi‐arid and alpine landscapes worldwide where the nurse–beneficiary plant interactions are critical to ameliorating stressful conditions.
MAP Bayesian modelling combining striatal dopamine receptor occupancy and plasma concentrations to optimize antipsychotic dose regimens in individual patients
Authors: Ismail Mohamed , Straubinger Thomas , Uchida Hiroyuki , Graff‐Guerrero Ariel , Nakajima Shinichiro , Suzuki Takefumi , Caravaggio Fernando , Gerretsen Philip , Mamo David , Mulsant Benoit H. , Pollock Bruce G. , Bies Robert 
Published: February 2022

AimsDevelop a robust and user‐friendly software tool for the prediction of dopamine D2 receptor occupancy (RO) in patients with schizophrenia treated with either olanzapine or risperidone, in order to facilitate clinician exploration of the impact of treatment strategies on RO using sparse plasma concentration measurements.MethodsPreviously developed population pharmacokinetic models for olanzapine and risperidone were combined with a pharmacodynamic model for D2 RO and implemented in the R programming language. Maximum a posteriori Bayesian estimation was used to provide predictions of plasma concentration and RO based on sparse concentration sampling. These predictions were then compared to observed plasma concentration and RO.ResultsThe average (standard deviation) response times of the tools, defined as the time required for the application to predict parameter values and display the output, were 2.8 (3.1) and 5.3 (4.3) seconds for olanzapine and risperidone, respectively. The mean error (95% confidence interval) and root mean squared error (95% confidence interval) of predicted vs. observed concentrations were 3.73 ng/mL (−2.42–9.87) and 10.816 ng/mL (6.71–14.93) for olanzapine, and 0.46 ng/mL (−4.56–5.47) and 6.68 ng/mL (3.57–9.78) for risperidone and its active metabolite (9‐OH risperidone). Mean error and root mean squared error of RO were −1.47% (−4.65–1.69) and 5.80% (3.89–7.72) for olanzapine and −0.91% (−7.68–5.85) and 8.87% (4.56–13.17) for risperidone.ConclusionOur monitoring software predicts concentration–time profiles and the corresponding D2 RO from sparsely sampled concentration measurements in an accessible and accurate form.
Network properties of intracortical myelin associated with psychosocial functioning in bipolar I disorder
Authors: Sehmbi Manpreet , Suh Jee Su , Rowley Christopher D. , Minuzzi Luciano , Kapczinski Flavio , Bock Nicholas A. , Frey Benicio N. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectivePsychosocial functioning in bipolar disorder (BD) persists even during euthymia and has repeatedly been associated with illness progression and cognitive function. Its neurobiological correlates remain largely unexplored. Using a structural covariance approach, we explored whole cortex intracortical myelin (ICM) and psychosocial functioning in 39 BD type I and 58 matched controls.MethodT1‐weighted images (3T) optimized for ICM measurement were analyzed using a surface‐based approach. The ICM signal was sampled at cortical mid‐depth using the MarsAtlas parcellation, and psychosocial functioning was measured via the Functioning Assessment Short Test (FAST). Following construction of structural covariance matrices, graph theoretical measures were calculated for each subject. Within BD and HC groups separately, correlations between network measures and FAST were explored. After accounting for multiple comparisons, significant correlations were tested formally using rank‐based regressions accounting for sex differences.ResultsIn BD only, psychosocial functioning was associated with global efficiency (β = −0.312, pcorr = 0.03), local efficiency in the right rostral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (β = 0.545, pcorr = 0.001) and clustering coefficient in this region (β = 0.497, pcorr = 0.0002) as well as in the right ventromedial prefrontal cortex (β = 0.428, pcorr = 0.002). All results excepting global efficiency remained significant after accounting for severity of depressive symptoms. In contrast, no significant associations between functioning and network measures were observed in the HC group.ConclusionThese results uncovered a novel brain–behaviour relationship between intracortical myelin signal changes and psychosocial functioning in BD.
Suppression of non‐small‐cell lung cancer A549 tumor growth by an mtDNA mutation‐targeting pyrrole‐imidazole polyamide‐triphenylphosphonium and a senolytic drug
Authors: Tsuji Kohei , Kida Yuki , Koshikawa Nobuko , Yamamoto Seigi , Shinozaki Yoshinao , Watanabe Takayoshi , Lin Jason , Nagase Hiroki , Takenaga Keizo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCertain somatic mutations in mtDNA were associated with tumor progression and frequently found in a homoplasmic state. We recently reported that pyrrole‐imidazole polyamide conjugated with the mitochondria‐delivering moiety triphenylphosphonium (PIP‐TPP) targeting an mtDNA mutation efficiently induced apoptosis in cancer cells with the mutation but not normal cells. Here, we synthesized the novel PIP‐TPP, CCC‐021‐TPP, targeting ND6 14582A > G homoplasmic missense mutation that is suggested to enhance metastasis of non‐small‐cell lung cancer A549 cells. CCC‐021‐TPP did not induce apoptosis but caused cellular senescence in the cells, accompanied by a significant induction of antiapoptotic BCL‐XL. Simultaneous treatment of A549 cells with CCC‐021‐TPP and the BCL‐XL selective inhibitor A‐1155463 resulted in apoptosis induction. Importantly, the combination induced apoptosis and suppressed tumor growth in an A549 xenografted model. These results highlight the potential of anticancer therapy with PIP‐TPPs targeting mtDNA mutations to induce cell death even in apoptosis‐resistant cancer cells when combined with senolytics.