bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation and evaluation of various formulation effects of the second emulsion on the shape and release profile of propranolol HCl from ethyl cellulose microparticle blends
Authors: Muhaimin Muhaimin , Chaerunisaa Anis Yohana , Bodmeier Roland 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate and characterize incorporated propranolol HCl (Pro) within ethyl cellulose microparticle blends using the solvent evaporation method. The microparticle blends were prepared with a water‐in‐oil‐in‐water (W/O/W) solvent evaporation method and contained the same drug Propranolol HCl (Pro). The first Pro emulsion (W/O) and second Pro emulsion (W/O) were dispersed in an external aqueous phase, with a dispersion time interval (DTI) of 0 and 60 min. The morphology of the microparticle blends was characterized by SEM. The mean particle size, chord length distribution and chord count of the emulsion droplets/hardened microparticles were monitored by focused beam reflectance measurement (FBRM). The encapsulation efficiency and in vitro drug release in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) were also investigated. The resulting microparticles were spherical, of two populations. The mean particle size of the microparticle blends ranged from 104.26 μm to 127.64 μm. The encapsulation efficiency was about 76.53% to 78.81% for propranolol HCl in the microparticle blends. FBRM studies showed that the size of the microparticle blends prepared by the W/O/W (Pro) method with DTI 60 min and stirring time 4 h was larger than that of the microparticle blends with DTI 0 min. In vitro drug release studies after 28 days showed that the propranolol HCl release from microparticle blends with DTI 60 min (54.05%) was slower than from microparticle blends with DTI 0 min (73.28%). Based on these data, there is an interaction of the second primary emulsion with hard particles from the first primary emulsion, whereby the second primary emulsion blocked and coated pores on the surface of hard particles from the first primary emulsion. These blocking and coating effects of the microparticles depended on the method and the DTI. In conclusion, novel microparticle blends containing drugs of the same solubility offer high potential for controlled release drug delivery systems. © 2022 The Authors. Polymer International published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Enhanced dielectric properties of freestanding, flexible, hydrophobic cellulose/poly(vinylidene fluoride) composite films
Authors: Jangra Mandeep , Thakur Abhishek , Dam Siddhartha , Hussain Shamima 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFreestanding, composite films of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and cellulose were synthesized and characterized for morphological, microstructural, vibrational and dielectric properties. The thickness of the freestanding films was found to be ~38 μm. Contact angle measurements showed the hydrophobic nature of the composite films. Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed the reduction in the phase content of the PVDF films with the addition of fillers. The measured dielectric constant of the composite films was found to be more than two times than that of the pristine films. An increase in the dielectric constant of the composite films was attributed to the Maxwell–Wagner–Sillars (MWS) polarization. A triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) operating in a vertical contact‐separation configuration was fabricated using these composite films. A maximum output power density of ~6 μW/cm2 was achieved from the TENG fabricated using the composite films.
A full three‐dimensional surface energy balance over a desert playa
Authors: Morrison Travis J. , Calaf Marc , Pardyjak Eric R. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFor decades, closure of the surface energy balance (SEB) has remained an outstanding problem for the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) community. Despite many attempts at achieving closure following systematic approaches, universal closure remains elusive and only on rare occasions is it achieved. In this work, data from the unique spatial deployment of sensors from the Idealized Planar Array experiment for Quantifying Spatial heterogeneity (IPAQS 2019) field campaign are used to compute the three‐dimensional SEB. Results are compared with the traditional one‐dimensional SEB approach. The three‐dimensional SEB uses an integrated approach derived from the temperature tendency equation for a 400 m 400 m 2 m control volume over near‐canonical terrain, where the only complexities arise from time‐persistent surface thermal heterogeneities. Often neglected transport terms, such as advection and dispersive fluxes, are assessed and studied. Results show that, when using a three‐dimensional approach, it is possible to obtain an improved closure of the SEB during convective periods that can attain residual values of the order of accuracy of the instrumentation. Lastly, a theoretical development to account for the flux imbalance is presented that shows a promising approach for scaling the contribution of mean advective transport using onsite measurable variables.
Modified calibrated control charts for monitoring the population mean under stratified sampling
Authors: Jabeen Riffat , Akhtar Aiman , Zaka Azam 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this research paper, we discuss the use of calibration technique to propose some new estimators under stratified sampling design and its use in reliability engineering. We first proposed the estimators using the calibration technique and then modify the already existing control charts such as Shewhart, exponentially weighted moving average and hybrid exponentially weighted moving averages using these calibration estimators. We also have studied the use of the proposed control charts in detail by showing their efficiency in terms of average run length. We find out that a hybrid control chart is more effective to detect the early shifts in the mean of the process.
Strategic use of ecosystem services and co‐benefits for Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Bitoun Rachel E. , David Gilbert , Devillers Rodolphe 
Published: November 2022

AbstractEcosystem services' (ES) assessments can inform sustainability policies but often translate poorly into practical decision‐making due to their disconnection from local challenges. Problem framing is a crucial step in improving the operationalization of ecosystem studies. First, the study analyzes the challenges and opportunities for sustainability in three European outermost regions: the Canary Islands, French Guiana, and Reunion Island. Second, it proposes strategies to make use of ES assessments as a means to address these sustainability issues. We used a Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) analysis for strategic planning, extended with a PESTEL analysis, standing for Political, Economic, Socio‐cultural, Technological, Environmental, Legal, and Regulatory. Semi‐structured interviews (n = 38) were conducted to identify PESTEL factors facilitating or impeding sustainability in the case studies. Interviews were coded into PESTEL factors before being synthesized and reported into SWOT matrices. We suggest seven ESs implementation strategies addressing these challenges from these SWOT matrices. Finally, this paper highlights the potential contributions of ES‐based strategies to achieving multiple United Nations' 2015 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). On average, the strategies are expected to affect the delivery of six ESs. The suggested strategies are expected to contribute to the achievement of SDGs 15 (Life on Land), 2 (Zero Hunger), 14 (Life Below Water), and 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities). These results pinpoint the key factors to consider, through stakeholder consultation, when designing a practical ES study.
Tunable Reduction of Benzyl α,α‐Difluorotriflones: Synthesis of Difluoroarenes and Sodium Aryldifluoromethyl Sufinates and their Applications
Authors: Peng Peng , Yang Ren‐Yin , Xu Bo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe have developed facile methods for synthesizing difluoroarenes and sodium aryldifluoromethyl sulfinates (ArCF2SO2Na) via Pd/C‐H2 and NaBH4 reduction of readily available aryldifluoromethyltriflones in excellent yields under mild conditions. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the obtained sodium aryldifluoromethyl sulfinates are excellent aryldifluoromethyl radical precursors. We have used the sodium aryldifluoromethyl sulfinates successfully in photocatalyzed radical addition‐cyclizations and Minisci‐type reactions.
Synthesis of a Nanoparticle of Selenious Acid Acyl Diaquercetin for Skin Care Products
Authors: Yu Xiang , Liu Mengyu , Huang Zaiheng , Tao Yanzhi , Yang Hao , Gan Hongbin , Nong Guangzai 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFlavonoid complexes have more biological activities than parent flavonoids, including antioxidant, anticancer, antibacterial, and many others. Selenium is an essential trace element for human body. Therefore, a quercetin‐Se complex was synthesized and analyzed in this paper, getting the results as following: (1) A light‐ yellow product was obtained with the max yield of 30.30 %. (2) The complex molecule contains two quercetin units and a selenoxyl group, called selenious acid acyl diquercetin. (3) It has a strong antioxidant activity with a maximum DPPH scavenging rate of 97.71 %. In addition, we prepared a skin cream containing 1 % quercetin selenium complex, and it has excellent antioxidant activity with a DPPH scavenging rate of 82.4 %. Therefore, the generated selenious acid acyl diquercetin is a potential antioxidant material for skin care products.
Blue Perovskite Nanocrystal Light‐Emitting Diodes: Overcoming RuddlesdenPopper Fault‐Induced Nonradiative Recombination via Post‐Halide Exchange
Authors: Lee Ah‐young , Park Jong Hyun , Kim Hongju , Jeong Hu Young , Lee Jun Hee , Song Myoung Hoon 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMetal halide perovskites (MHPs) have gained traction as emitters owing to their excellent optical properties, such as facile bandgap tuning, defect tolerance, and high color purity. Nevertheless, blue‐emitting MHP light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) show only marginal progress in device efficiency compared with green and red LEDs. Herein, the origin of the drop in efficiency of blue‐emitting perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) by mixing halides and the genesis of Ruddlesden–Popper faults (RPFs) in CsPbBrXCl3‐X nanocrystals is investigated. Using scanning transmission electron microscopy and density functional theory calculations, the authors have found that RPFs induce possible nonradiative recombination pathways owing to the high chloride vacancy concentration nearby. The authors further confirm that the blue‐emitting PNCs do not show RPFs post‐halide exchange in the CsPbBr3 nanocrystals. By introducing the post‐halide exchange treatment, high‐efficiency pure blue‐emitting (464 nm) PNC‐based LEDs with an external quantum efficiency of 2.1% and excellent spectral stability with a full‐width at half‐maximum of 14 nm are obtained.
Superlattice‐Stabilized WSe2 Cathode for Rechargeable Aluminum Batteries
Authors: Cui Fangyan , Han Mingshan , Zhou Wenyuan , Lai Chen , Chen Yanhui , Su Jingwen , Wang Jinshu , Li Hongyi , Hu Yuxiang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRechargeable aluminum batteries (RABs), with abundant aluminum reserves, low cost, and high safety, give them outstanding advantages in the postlithium batteries era. However, the high charge density (364 C mm−3) and large binding energy of three‐electron‐charge aluminum ions (Al3+) de‐intercalation usually lead to irreversible structural deterioration and decayed battery performance. Herein, to mitigate these inherent defects from Al3+, an unexplored family of superlattice‐type tungsten selenide‐sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) (S‐WSe2) cathode in RABs with a stably crystal structure, expanded interlayer, and enhanced Al‐ion diffusion kinetic process is proposed. Benefiting from the unique advantage of superlattice‐type structure, the anionic surfactant SDBS in S‐WSe2 can effectively tune the interlayer spacing of WSe2 with released crystal strain from high‐charge‐density Al3+ and achieve impressively long‐term cycle stability (110 mAh g−1 over 1500 cycles at 2.0 A g−1). Meanwhile, the optimized S‐WSe2 cathode with intrinsic negative attraction of SDBS significantly accelerates the Al3+ diffusion process with one of the best rate performances (165 mAh g−1 at 2.0 A g−1) in RABs. The findings of this study pave a new direction toward durable and high‐performance electrode materials for RABs.
A large‐scale empirical study of low‐level function use in Ethereum smart contracts and automated replacement
Authors: Xi Rui , Pattabiraman Karthik 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe Ethereum blockchain stores and executes complex logic via smart contracts written in Solidity, a high‐level programming language. The Solidity language (in its early versions) provides features to exercise fine‐grained control over smart contracts, whose usage is discouraged by later‐released Solidity documentation, but nonetheless supported in later versions for backward compatibility. We define these features as low‐level functions. However, the high‐volume of transactions and the improper use of low‐level functions lead to security exploits with heavy financial loss. Consequently, the documentation suggests secure alternatives to the use of low‐level functions. In this article, we first perform an empirical study on the use of low‐level functions in Ethereum smart contracts. We study a smart contract dataset consisting of over 2,100,000 real‐world smart contracts. We find that low‐level functions are widely used and that the majority of these uses are gratuitous. We then propose GoHigh, a source‐to‐source transformation tool to eliminate low‐level function‐related vulnerabilities, by replacing low‐level functions with secure alternatives. Our experimental evaluation on the dataset shows that GoHigh successfully replaces all low‐level functions with 4.9% fewer compiler warnings. Further, no unintended side‐effects are introduced in 80% of the contracts, and the remaining 20% are not verifiable due to their external dependency. GoHigh saves more than 5% of the gas cost of the contract. Finally, GoHigh takes 7 s on average per contract.
Calorie restriction, but not Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass surgery, increases [3H] PK11195 binding in a rat model of obesity
Authors: Hamilton John , Nguyen Cynthia , McAvoy Margaret , Roeder Nicole , Richardson Brittany , Quattrin Teresa , Hajnal Andras , Thanos Panayotis K. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRoux‐en‐Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB) remains an effective weight‐loss method used to treat obesity. While it is successful in combating obesity, there are many lingering questions related to the changes in the brain following RYGB surgery, one of them being its effects on neuroinflammation. While it is known that chronic high‐fat diet (HFD) contributes to obesity and neuroinflammation, it remains to be understood whether bariatric surgery can ameliorate diet‐induced inflammatory responses. To examine this, rats were assigned to either a normal diet (ND) or a HFD for 8 weeks. Rats fed a HFD were split into the following groups: sham surgery with ad libitum access to HFD (sham‐HF); sham surgery with calorie‐restricted HFD (sham‐FR); RYGB surgery with ad libitum access to HFD (RYGB). Following sham or RYGB surgeries, rats were maintained on their diets for 9 weeks before being euthanized. [3H] PK11195 autoradiography was then performed on fresh–frozen brain tissue in order to measure activated microglia. Sham‐FR rats showed increased [3H] PK11195 binding in the amygdala (63%), perirhinal (60%), and ectorhinal cortex (53%) compared with the ND rats. Obese rats who had the RYGB surgery did not show this increased inflammatory effect. Since the sham‐FR and RYGB rats were fed the same amount of HFD, the surgery itself seems responsible for this attenuation in [3H] PK11195 binding. We speculate that calorie restriction following obese conditions may be seen as a stressor and contribute to inflammation in the brain. Further research is needed to verify this mechanism.
Localized intestinal cryptococcosis and co‐parasitism in a juvenile dog
Authors: Jones Charles , Cridge Harry 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAn 8.5‐month‐old, male, entire golden retriever presented for 6‐month history of large bowel diarrhoea and vomiting. Giardiasis was previously treated. Clinical signs recurred despite empirical antibiotics, food trials, probiotics and psyllium. Physical exam revealed circumferential cobblestone‐like rectal mucosa. Rectal scrape cytology was consistent with cryptococcosis. Latex cryptococcal agglutination test was consistently negative. Thoracic radiographs were normal. Notable abdominal ultrasound findings included jejunal and suspected mesenteric cystic lymphadenopathy and multifocal areas of submucosal thickening. Abdominal lymph node aspirates revealed lymphoid hyperplasia. Faecal sedimentation and floatation revealed fewAlariaspecies eggs and manyCoccidiaoocysts, respectively. Patient was treated with fluconazole, sulfadimethoxine, Drontal Plus and subsequently developed pancytopenia secondary to sulphonamide therapy requiring hospitalization, and recovered with supportive care and discontinuation of drug. Patient's clinical signs, rectal palpation and sonographic features resolved with continued fluconazole therapy. This case demonstrates localized intestinal cryptococcosis based on cytology with negative latex cryptococcal agglutination test and pancytopenia secondary to sulphonamide therapy for co‐parasitism.
Fatherhood Involvement as a Source of Human Flourishing
Authors: Grau-Grau Marc 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis chapter attempts to connect fatherhood involvement with human flourishing. We begin by presenting to the reader the reasons why fatherhood involvement matters. We then review fatherhood as a transformative event, together with the barriers that may limit the transformational aspect of fatherhood. Next, we review the concept of generativity, and a new definition of paternal generativity is also provided. Then, we present a model that connects fatherhood to human flourishing, partially explained by the role of paternal generativity and relational flourishing. Finally, the chapter ends with implications for researchers, organizations, and governments.
Flourishing with Moral Emotions Through Conversational Agents
Authors: Lee Minha , Contreras Jessica 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis chapter concerns how artificial agents can be used to bolster moral emotions like compassion that are linked to well-being. While technology-based interventions for well-being are plentiful, e.g., wellness apps, two critical components for flourishing in the twenty-first century are currently overlooked: (1) promoting moral emotions, e.g., gratitude, that relies on complex emotional experiences rather than simple negative or positive affect, and (2) using conversational agents, e.g., chatbots, rather than other technological interventions, e.g., mobile apps, which reframes well-being interventions as conversations. We look into gratitude and compassion as specific moral emotions that can be fostered by talking with technology rather than clicking through technology. This extends our relations of care to include artificial agents, in which we explore flourishing along with (not despite) technology in a new light.
Health and Flourishing: An Interdisciplinary Synthesis
Authors: Lee Matthew T. , Mayor Isha 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHuman flourishing is a complete state of well-being, comprised of essential elements that are universally valued across cultures as ends in themselves rather than as means to ends. Understanding the ontological interconnectedness of individual and communal flourishing has important implications for health. A narrow view of health has been framed in biomedical—and frequently physical—terms as the absence of disease or impairment. But broader and more holistic understandings derived from long-standing wisdom in the humanities are increasingly being used in tandem with the allopathic approach, thereby offering a relational understanding of health that transcends a focus on physical infirmity and locates the individual in social, ecological, and spiritual contexts. This wisdom has profound implications for the organization of healthcare, including a restoration of compassion as the heart of healthcare practice, as recent iterations of lifestyle medicine and integrative medicine have demonstrated. A synthesis of interdisciplinary knowledge affirms the goal of building a wellbeing ecosystem that transcends self-centeredness and reimagines health as flourishing.
From Denouncing to Defunding: The Post-Truth Populist Challenge to Public-Service Media
Authors: Conrad Maximilian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn the context of the broader phenomenon of post-truth politics, the aim of this chapter is to discuss populist challenges to public-service media and critical journalism more broadly. The literature on post-truth politics has already established a clear link—in the form of an “elective affinity”—between populism and post-truth politics. However, more attention needs to be paid to the connection between such a post-truth populism and challenges to professional journalism, in particular as regards claims to defund public-service journalism. Attempts to discredit critical journalism as fake news have featured prominently in post-truth populism and need to be discussed as part and parcel of a (possibly deliberate) strategy to undermine the credibility and legitimacy of the institution of journalism, in particular public-service journalism. This chapter explores the link between post-truth populism and the challenge to public-service journalism by analysing efforts to denounce public-service media in the context of the COVID pandemic in Germany, where resistance to COVID-related restrictions as well as to COVID vaccinations have been closely linked to hostility to mainstream media. Although the empirical illustrations are drawn exclusively from the German case, it is plausible that similar patterns can also be beyond Germany.
Ultra-High Performance Digital Electronic Architectures for Events Management in Real Time Environments
Authors: Garzetti Fabio 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe research spans several application areas, including biotechnology, medical imaging, and environmental monitoring. Precise and specialized processing techniques are often required for measurements of signal parameters with high efficiency, for example, in terms of resolution and count rate, such as time of occurrence of events. Digital solutions have thus received the most significant attention since they are the most effective at enabling flexible, application-oriented elaboration systems. The research is finalized to develop high-resolution time measurement systems in Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) devices. The goal is to optimize resolution, linearity, and processing speed at the state-of-the-art in modern, most dynamic branches of very high-efficiency time measurement. To maximize the number of events handled in real-time, the research is also concentrated on developing cutting-edge communication and data transfer methods for performing multiple measures in parallel.