bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brain alterations in sensorimotor and emotional regions associated with temporomandibular disorders
Authors: Yin Yuanyuan , He Shushu , He Ning , Zhang Wenjing , Luo Lekai , Chen Lizhou , Liu Ting , Tian Mi , Xu Jingchen , Chen Song , Li Fei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectivesTemporomandibular disorders (TMD) are characterized by sensorimotor and psychological dysfunction, with evidence revealing the implication of a dysfunctional central nervous system. Previous magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have reported brain alterations in TMD, but most studies focused on either structure or function by a single modality of MRI and investigated static functional connectivity (FC) in TMD. By combining structural and functional MRI data, the present study aimed to identify brain regions with structural abnormalities in TMD patients and examine static and dynamic FC seeded by these regions to investigate structural brain alterations and related disrupted FC underlying the pathophysiology of TMD.MethodsWe recruited 30 TMD patients and 20 healthy controls who underwent 3.0 T MRI scanning with T1‐weighted images using a three‐dimensional magnetization‐prepared rapid gradient‐echo sequence and resting state functional images using a gradient‐echo echo‐planar imaging sequence. Cortical thickness, volume, surface area, and subcortical volume were calculated, where brain areas with significant structural between‐group differences were treated as seeds for static and dynamic FC analyses.ResultsIn this preliminary study, we found between‐group alterations in sensorimotor regions including decreased cortical thickness in the right sensorimotor cortex as well as decreased volume in the left putamen and associated reduced dynamic FC with the anterior midcingulate cortex; and alterations in emotion processing and regulation regions including decreased volume/surface area in the left posterior superior temporal gyrus and associated increased dynamic FC with the precuneus in TMD patients than controls, having all p < 0.05 with corrections for multiple comparisons.ConclusionOur findings of structural and functional abnormalities in brain regions implicated in sensorimotor and emotional functions provided evidence for the biopsychosocial model of TMD and facilitated our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanism underlying TMD. The associations between neuroimaging results and clinical measurements of TMD warrant further exploration.
One‐Stage Arthroscopic Multiple Ligament Reconstruction for Schenck IV Knee Dislocation
Authors: Li Chao , Liu Yubo , Zheng Runlong , Sun Jitong , Peng Wei , Deng Xiang‐Hua , Huang Xunwu 
Published: December 2022

PurposeSchenck IV knee dislocation patients have dissatisfactory knee function and return‐to‐sport rate with the existing treatment methods. The purpose of this study was to illustrate a one‐stage arthroscopic multiple ligament reconstruction method for treating Schenck IV knee dislocations.MethodsA retrospective case series study was performed. All patients with a history of Schenck IV knee dislocation who underwent one‐stage arthroscopic multi‐ligament reconstruction from 2010 to 2018 were followed for 24 months. The outcomes, including general patient data, Lysholm scores, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scores, visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores, knee active range of motion, and complications, were reviewed. The data was analyzed with paired‐samples t‐test.ResultsA total of 12 patients, comprising nine males and three females, were followed up and reviewed. The mean age at the time of the surgical procedure was 40.3 ± 9.0 (22–57) years. The mean body mass index (BMI) was 24.6 ± 4.9 (15.2–32.5) kg/m2. The mean IKDC score and Lysholm score before surgery were 30.4 ± 6.1 (21–42) and 28.2 ± 6.2 (22–39), respectively. The average operation time was 121.8 minutes. The mean IKDC score and Lysholm score at the 24‐month follow‐up were 80.6 ± 6.5 (68–92) and 82.0 ± 7.5 (72–95), respectively. There were significant differences in the IKDC and Lysholm scores between the preoperative and 24‐month postoperative time points (p < 0.01). The mean knee range of motion was 124.6° ± 6.6° (115°–135°) at the 24‐month follow‐up. No major complications occurred.ConclusionsThe results of this retrospective study suggest that the new arthroscopic one‐stage multi‐ligament reconstruction technique is an effective way to treat Schenck IV knee dislocation with satisfactory postoperative knee function.
Cardiovascular imaging in conduction system pacing: What does the clinician need?
Authors: Ye Yang , Lv Yuan , Mao Yankai , Li Lin , Chen Xueying , Zheng Rujie , Hou Xiaofeng , Yu Chan , Gabriella Captur , Fu Guo‐sheng 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPermanent pacemakers are used for symptomatic bradycardia and biventricular pacing (BVP)‐cardiac resynchronization therapy (BVP‐CRT) is established for heart failure (HF) patients traditionally. According to guidelines, patients’ selection for CRT is based on QRS duration (QRSd) and morphology by surface electrocardiogram (ECG). Cardiovascular imaging techniques evaluate cardiac structure and function as well as identify pathophysiological substrate changes including the presence of scar. Cardiovascular imaging helps by improving the selection of candidates, guiding left ventricular (LV) lead placement, and optimization devices during the follow‐up. Conduction system pacing (CSP) includes His bundle pacing (HBP) and left bundle branch pacing (LBBP) which is screwed into the interventricular septum. CSP maintains and restores ventricular synchrony in patients with native narrow QRSd and left bundle branch block (LBBB), respectively. LBBP is more feasible than HBP due to a wider target area. This review highlights the role of multimodality cardiovascular imaging including fluoroscopy, echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR), myocardial scintigraphy, and computed tomography (CT) in the pre‐procedure assessment for CSP, better selection for CSP candidates, the guidance of CSP lead implantation, and the optimization of devices programming after the procedure. We also compare the different characteristics of multimodality imaging and discuss their potential roles in future CSP implantation.
Detection of a unidirectional epicardial connection between the right‐sided pulmonary venous carina and the right atrium by pacing from a high‐density mapping catheter
Authors: Umemoto Shintaro , Takemoto Masao , Koga Tokushi , Tsuchihashi Takuya 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe report a case of recurring, persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) in a patient with a unidirectional epicardial connection (EC) between the right‐sided pulmonary venous (PV) carina and the right atrium detected using a high‐density mapping catheter with a steerable introducer support, but not a conventional circular mapping catheter. This unidirectional EC could be steadily abolished by a radiofrequency delivery. Finally, we were able to successfully achieve complete PV antrum isolation. Thereafter, he has remained well without any AF.
Apium graveolens PI 181714 is a source of resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. apii race 4 in celery (A. graveolens var. dulce)
Authors: Epstein Lynn , Kaur Sukhwinder 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCelery has little genetic diversity and is highly susceptible to the new fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. apii (Foa) race 4. After screening an Apium graveolens germplasm collection for resistance to Foa race 4, we crossed celery cv. 'Challenger', which is Foa race 2‐resistant but Foa race 4‐susceptible and A. graveolens PI 181714, which is Foa races 2‐ and 4‐resistant but non‐celery type. After selfing F1s, we screened the F1S1 for race 4‐resistance and celery‐type and then selfed selected F1S1. Greenhouse and field trials indicate that three selected F1S2 families (76–8‐4, 76–8‐27 and 76–8‐36) are suitable as germplasm for celery breeders for resistance to Foa race 4. A F1S3 76–8–36‐124 is either fixed or nearly so for resistance to Foa races 4 and 2. Furthermore, quantitative PCR indicates that PI 181714 is resistant, rather than tolerant, to Foa races 4 and 2, and that this resistance has been introgressed into F1S3 76–8–36‐124.
ZmBET5L1 inhibits primary root growth and decreases osmotic stress tolerance by mediating vesicle aggregation and tethering in maize
Authors: Zhao Ran , Li Nan , Lin Qianrun , Li Manfei , Shen Xiaomeng , Peng Yong , Du Yanfang , Ning Qiang , Li Yunfu , Zhan Jimin , Yang Fang , Xu Fang , Zhang Zuxin , Liu Lei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractImproving osmotic stress tolerance is critical to help crops to thrive and maintain high yields in adverse environments. Here, we characterized a core subunit of the transport protein particle (TRAPP) complex, ZmBET5L1, in maize using knowledge‐driven data mining and genome editing. We found that ZmBET5L1 can interact with TRAPP I complex subunits and act as a tethering factor to mediate vesicle aggregation and targeting from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus. ZmBET5L1 knock‐out increased the primary root elongation rate under 20% polyethylene glycol‐simulated osmotic stress and the survival rate under drought stress compared to wild‐type seedlings. In addition, we found that ZmBET5L1 moderates PIN1 polar localization and auxin flow to maintain normal root growth. ZmBET5L1 knock‐out optimized auxin flow to the lateral side of the root and promoted its growth to generate a robust root, which may be related to improved osmotic stress tolerance. Together, these findings demonstrate that ZmBET5L1 inhibits primary root growth and decreases osmotic stress tolerance by regulating vesicle transport and auxin distribution. This study has improved our understanding of the role of tethering factors in response to abiotic stresses and identified desirable variants for breeding osmotic stress tolerance in maize.
The effect of temperature, light‐spectrum, desiccation and salinity gradients on the photosynthetic performance of a subtidal brown alga, Sargassum macrocarpum, from Japan
Authors: Ito Tomohiro , Yoshioka Toui , Shimabukuro Hiromori , Nishihara Gregory N. , Endo Hikaru , Terada Ryuta 
Published: December 2022

SUMMARYThe effect of temperature, light‐spectrum, desiccation and salinity gradients on the photosynthesis of a Japanese subtidal brown alga, Sargassum macrocarpum (Fucales), was determined using a pulse amplitude modulation‐chlorophyll fluorometer and dissolved oxygen sensors. Temperature responses of the maximum (Fv/Fm in darkness) and effective (ΔF/Fm′ at 50 μmol photons m−2 s−1; = ΦPSII) quantum yields during 6‐day culture (4–36°C) remained high at 12–28°C, but decreased at higher temperatures. Nevertheless, ΔF/Fm′ also dropped at temperatures below 8°C, suggesting light sensitivity under chilling temperatures because Fv/Fm remained high. Photosynthesis–irradiance responses at 24°C under red (660 nm), green (525 nm), blue (450 nm) and white light (metal halide lamp) showed that maximum net photosynthesis under blue and white light was greater than under red and green light, indicating the sensitivity and photosynthetic availability of blue light in the subtidal light environment. In the desiccation experiment, samples under aerial exposure of up to 8 h under dim‐light at 24°C and 50% humidity showed that ΔF/Fm′ quickly declined after more than 45 min of emersion; furthermore, ΔF/Fm′ also failed to recover to initial levels even after 1 day of rehydration in seawater. Under the emersion state, the ΔF/Fm′ remained high when the relative water content (RWC) was greater than 50%; in contrast, it quickly dropped when the RWC was less than 50%. When the RWC was reduced below 50%, ΔF/Fm′ did not return to initial levels, regardless of subsequent re‐hydration, suggesting a low capacity of photosynthesis to recover from desiccation. The stenohaline response of photosynthesis under 3‐day culture is evident, given that ΔF/Fm′ declined when salinity was beyond 20–40 psu. Adaptation to subtidal environments in temperate waters of Japan can be linked to these traits.
Artificial intelligence 101 for veterinary diagnostic imaging
Authors: Hespel Adrien‐Maxence , Zhang Youshan , Basran Parminder S. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe prevalence and pervasiveness of artificial intelligence (AI) with medical images in veterinary and human medicine is rapidly increasing. This article provides essential definitions of AI with medical images with a focus on veterinary radiology. Machine learning methods common in medical image analysis are compared, and a detailed description of convolutional neural networks commonly used in deep learning classification and regression models is provided. A brief introduction to natural language processing (NLP) and its utility in machine learning is also provided. NLP can economize the creation of "truth‐data" needed when training AI systems for both diagnostic radiology and radiation oncology applications. The goal of this publication is to provide veterinarians, veterinary radiologists, and radiation oncologists the necessary background needed to understand and comprehend AI‐focused research projects and publications.
Wood-Cloth and Wood-Paper Laminates
Authors: Delmonte John 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A growing tendency exists for the use of wood and resin-impregnated cloth or paper, which is an outgrowth of laminated - plywood developments. Combinations of cloth and paper with wood, in addition to serving as vehicles for the bonding glue in the manufacture of the laminates, also help stabilize the wood assemblies and provide structural advantages, as demonstrated by test data given in the paper. For example, when a reasonably large number of paper laminates are used, there is an apparent increase in the tensile properties of wood, attributable to prestressing of the wood resulting from differences in coefficients of thermal contraction as parts are cooled upon removal from the press. Dimensional stability in plywood faced with phenolic-resin-treated cloth and paper is found to be far superior to unprotected plywood.
The Theory and Design of Electronic-Control Apparatus
Authors: Cockrell W. D. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Since the mechanical engineer is vitally concerned with control mechanisms involving electronics in some form, the author believes the explanation of theory involved and design of electronic apparatus given in this paper should be helpful. The almost infinitely fast and inertialess electronic tube can supplement mechanical control to produce many results hitherto considered impossible. After outlining the fundamental conceptions of the electronic tube, describing the types of tubes used, and explaining something of the operation of individual control circuits, the author indicates practical applications of electronics to standard control circuits. Examples of such controls are the photoelectric relay, electronic timer, motor control, resistance welding, photoelectric register control, and others.
Fluid Flow Through Two Orifices in Series—II
Authors: Stuart Milton C. , Yarnall D. Robert 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This is the second of a series of papers on the characteristics of fluid flow through two orifices in series. The first paper (l) presented a theoretical analysis of the flow of water and steam through two orifices in series over a wide range of pressures and temperatures. This paper presents the results of experimental investigations on this subject using water at an initial pressure of 100 psia and over a range of temperatures from room temperature to saturation temperature. The principal data sought were the pressures established in the intermediate chamber between the two orifices, and especially the variations of this intermediate pressure with reference to the temperature of water supplied and the type of orifice. One of the most significant facts revealed by these researches is that under certain conditions of flow the fluid assumes a metastable state which greatly influences the characteristics of the process. Finally, a device responsive to the pressure variations obtained between two orifices in series constitutes a control element, useful, among other things, to control flow in response to the state of the fluid supplied.
Notch-Toughness Tests of Carbon-Molybdenum Pipe Material
Authors: Kinney W. F. , Rohrig I. A. , Walker H. S. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The development of materials for high-temperature-steam piping is of considerable importance in view of the upward trend in power-plant operating temperatures. Chemical composition, steel-melting practice, and heat-treating procedure, and their effects upon physical properties and microstructure are important factors in appraising the probable behavior of a material in service. The metallurgist and power-plant engineer are particularly interested in the influence of these factors upon notch toughness of the material. Starting with the premise that there may be some correlation between notch toughness and performance of high-temperature pipe and that significance should be attached to the interpretation of notch toughness with respect to the behavior of carbon-molybdenum pipe material in power-plant service, the authors give details of an investigation conducted in The Detroit Edison Company laboratory on notch-toughness testing. The specific problem studied was to determine the influence of the uniformity of test results and on the magnitude of average notch-toughness values, both at room temperature and at 925 F, of three variables, namely, (a) the type of specimen, (b) the heat of steel, and (c) the condition of the steel. In connection with this testing program, a survey of the literature was conducted and inquiries were directed to various authorities regarding their experience with this problem. The authors conclude that when the significance of notched-bar testing of carbon-molybdenum pipe material is fully understood, it may be possible to select material of the best quality for high-temperature service of the basis of notched-bar tests.
Efficiency Analysis of Pelton Wheels
Authors: Lowy Robert 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This paper is devoted to a discussion of the various flow losses in a Pelton bucket. Special attention is given to whether or not such losses are avoidable. Three phases of flow are investigated in detail, i.e., theentrance, the main flow, and the outlet. The author describes the application of a new method to study such movements. The investigation is carried out on a stationary bucket with a jet having the same entrance conditions as the jet on a rotating bucket. The influence of the lip on the entrance conditions is shown by example, and the conditions in the deflected part of the jet are indicated. The loss through the deflected jet is shown in kinetographic representation. A notable loss due to crossing of streamlines on a bucket is discussed. Finally, a list of all possible losses is tabulated.
Range of Operation of Steam Plants in a Combined System of Steam and Hydro
Authors: Hutchins A. T. , Duryea Howard 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The balance between hydro- and steam-plant power generation on the southeastern group of The Commonwealth & Southern Corporation during the postdepression period and later the period of peak war demands is explained in this paper for an understanding of the system’s approach to the installation of steam plants. The discussion includes such data as area of the system, loads, plant capacities, and such pertinent factors as ratio of steam to hydro generation, the relation of steam to hydro capacity, etc. The unit principle is used in the steam-plant installations, i.e., one boiler supplies all steam requirements for one turbine unit. Details of the boilers, auxiliary equipment, operating experience, and results attained are comprehensively treated.
The Modern Hydraulic Reservoir: How It Provides Micron-Range Filtration and Pump Supercharging
Authors: Thayer W. W. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
At the present time, the term “high pressure,” with reference to aircraft hydraulic systems, means 3000 psi. Successful design of such systems, now in quantity production by the author’s company, depends upon careful consideration of details, rather than upon the adoption of any features that might be classed as unorthodox. For instance, detailed attention has been given to an improvement in service life of certain hydraulic units whose operation depends upon close-fitted sliding parts. This consideration, resolving into a study of methods for com-bating abrasion and cavitation, has led to the development of a filter for the removal of particles as small as 10 microns, and a simple arrangement for reducing pump cavitation by building up a supercharging pressure in the hydraulic-system reservoir.
Draft-Gear Action in Train Service
Authors: Wikander O. R. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In order to investigate the most desirable characteristics of a draft gear by mathematical analysis, a study has been made of the mechanics of an elastic bar, which is subjected to external forces that correspond to those acting in trains under various service conditions. The results of this study, including the derivation of the various equations governing the behavior of an elastic bar, solid or with free slack, are given in another paper by the author. The present paper contains substantially the same equations but transcribed so as to apply to railway trains. Numerical examples are given showing the applications of these equations to assumed test trains.
New Method of Calculating Natural Modes of Coupled Bending-Torsion Vibration of Beams
Authors: Myklestad N. O. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Recently the author developed a new method of calculating natural modes of uncoupled bending vibration of beams, the present paper being an extension of this work to take care of coupled bending-torsion vibrations as well. This latter problem has lately taken on considerable importance as a means of interpreting ground-vibration tests on airplane wings, which may be considered as a symmetric beam with free ends. The author’s method also makes it possible to consider the entire airplane as an elastic body both in symmetric and in antisymmetric vibration, and to find the effective inertia of an airplane propeller in determining the torsional vibration characteristics of the engine. It may be readily applied to the vibration of turbine blades and propellers in general, when the centrifugal force is taken into consideration. This method possesses the advantage that the computations may be performed by inexperienced calculators as only the routine completion of a tabular form is required.
Electrical-Analogy Method for Fundamental Investigations in Automatic Control
Authors: Eckman D. P. , Wannamaker W. H. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate an approach to automatic-control investigation through the use of an electrical-analogy method. A complete description of the apparatus is included, each unit being related to a counter-part in an industrial control application. Diagrams and calibrations of the various units comprising the electrical process analog are given. For illustration of the manner of setting up a problem, the effect of controller scale span upon controller adjustment is shown.