bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Collaboration between biomedical research and community-based primary health care actors in chronic disease management: a scoping review
Authors: Paquette Jean-Sébastien , Zomahoun Hervé Tchala Vignon , Diendere Ella , Lavertu Gardy , Rheault Nathalie , Toi Alfred Kodjo , Leblond Mathilde , Audet-Walsh Étienne , Beaulieu Marie-Claude , Charif Ali Ben , Blanchette Virginie , Després Jean-Pierre , Gaudreau André , Rhéaume Caroline , Tremblay Marie-Claude , Légaré France 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Collaboration between biomedical research and community-based primary health care actors is essential to translate evidence into clinical practice. However, little is known about the characteristics and impacts of implementing collaborative models. Thus, we sought to identify and describe collaboration models that bridge biomedical research and community-based primary health care in chronic disease management.

Methods
We conducted a scoping review using Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library from inception to November 2020, to identify studies describing or evaluating collaboration models. We also searched grey literature, screened reference lists, and contacted experts to retrieve further relevant references. The list of studies was then refined using more specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Two reviewers independently selected studies and extracted relevant data (characteristics of studies, participants, collaborations, and outcomes). No bias assessment was performed. A panel of experts in the field was consulted to interpret the data. Results were presented with descriptive statistics and narrative synthesis.

Results
Thirteen studies presenting 20 unique collaboration models were included. These studies were conducted in North America (n = 7), Europe (n = 5) and Asia (n = 1). Collaborations were implemented between 1967 and 2014. They involved a variety of profiles including biomedical researchers (n = 20); community-based primary health care actors (n = 20); clinical researchers (n = 15); medical specialists (n = 6); and patients, citizens, or users (n = 5). The main clinical focus was cardiovascular disease (n = 8). Almost half of the collaborations operated at an international level (n = 9) and the majority adopted either a network (n = 7) or hierarchical structure (n = 6). We identified significant implementation barriers (lack of knowledge, financial support, and robust management structure) and collaboration facilitators (partnership, cooperation, multidisciplinary research teams). Out of the 20 included collaboration models, seven reported measurable impact.

Conclusion
We identified a large variety of collaboration models representing several clinical and research profiles and fields of expertise. As they are all based in high-income countries, further research should aim to identify collaborations in low-income countries, to determine which models and/or characteristics, could better translate evidence into clinical practice in these contexts.
Breeding for postharvest physiological deterioration in cassava: problems and strategies
Authors: Mbinda Wilton , Mukami Asunta 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCassava is a major food crop for millions of people in Africa, Asia and South America, forming an essential food-security and income generation commodity for small-scale or subsistence farming communities. The storage root is the most important component of the crop that provides more calories than cereals. Immediately after harvest, cassava storage roots undergo complex biochemical and physiological changes known as postharvest physiological deterioration (PPD), which is influenced by genotype, environmental and agronomic factors, resulting to spoilage, rendering the storage roots unpalatable and unmarketable. This problem has remained unresolved over the years. This review describes the innovative breeding technologies which could be used to prolong cassava storage root shelf-life. In this review, we discuss the available knowledge on (i) physiology and biochemistry of cassava storage root with regard to PPD (ii) strategies for minimizing PPD in cassava storage roots (iii) traits associated with PPD tolerance as essential targets for prolonging cassava storage root shelf life, and (iv) suggestions for novel genomic tools and modern genetic and breeding approaches for prolonging shelf-life in cassava storage roots. With its extensive genomic resources including the public release of cassava reference genome sequence assembly and other and resources, and innovative plant breeding technologies, the crop offers an excellent opportunity to serve as a model to address postharvest spoilage and improve food security. Continuous improvements based on the new plant breeding technologies (genome editing, speeding breeding and RNA-dependent DNA methylation) in cassava and innovations in postharvest handling and storage of the storage roots are expected to provide sustainable solutions for PPD constraints and make cassava an important food security and nutrition and industrial crop.
Floquet metamaterials
Authors: Yin Shixiong , Galiffi Emanuele , Alù Andrea 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRecent progress in nanophotonics and material science has inspired a strong interest in optically-induced material dynamics, opening new research directions in the distinct fields of Floquet matter and time metamaterials. Floquet phenomena are historically rooted in the condensed matter community, as they exploit periodic temporal drives to unveil novel phases of matter, unavailable in systems at equilibrium. In parallel, the field of metamaterials has been offering a platform for exotic wave phenomena based on tailored materials at the nanoscale, recently enhanced by incorporating time variations and switching as new degrees of freedom. In this Perspective, we connect these research areas and describe the exciting opportunities emerging from their synergy, hinging on giant wave-matter interactions enabled by metamaterials and on the exotic wave dynamics enabled by Floquet and parametric phenomena. We envision Floquet metamaterials in which nontrivial modulation dynamics, and their interplay with tailored material dispersion and nontrivial material properties such as anisotropy, non-Hermiticity and nonreciprocity, introduce a plethora of novel opportunities for wave manipulation and control.
The early impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on patients with severe mental illness: An interrupted time-series study in South-East England
Authors: Penington Ed , Lennox Belinda , Geulayov Galit , Hawton Keith , Tsiachristas Apostolos 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundDeterioration in general population mental health since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic has been reported, but the impact of the pandemic on people with severe mental illness (SMI) has received less attention.AimsTo understand the impact of the early stages of the pandemic on the patients with SMI, in terms of provision of mental health care and patient outcomes.MethodWe examined records of 34,446 patients with SMI in Oxford Health Foundation Trust between March 2016 and July 2020. We used interrupted time-series analysis to estimate the immediate and subsequent changes in weekly rates of the use of community mental health services, hospitalization, and patient outcomes (as measured by Health of the Nation Outcome Scales, or HoNOS, scores) during the weeks of lockdown between March 23, 2020 and July 3, 2020.ResultsMean total HoNOS scores for all patients deteriorated in the weeks subsequent to lockdown (0.060 per week; 95%CI: 0.033, 0.087). Scores for patients with a history of psychosis deteriorated immediately (0.63; 95% CI: 0.26, 1.0). There was an immediate decrease in weekly referrals to community and outpatient services (−196; 95%CI: −300, −91) and no immediate change in weekly inpatient admissions (−4.2; 95%CI: −9.9, 1.5) or weekly total contacts (−26; 95%CI: −475, 423).ConclusionsPatients with SMI were negatively impacted during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. Patients with a history of psychosis experienced distinct and immediate impacts. During the same period, referrals to community and outpatient services fell with no consequent impact on inpatient admissions.
Tumor and Constitutional Sequencing for Neurofibromatosis Type 1
Authors: Tong Schuyler , Devine W. Patrick , Shieh Joseph T. 
Published: May 2022

PURPOSENF1 variants in tumors are important to recognize, as multiple mechanisms may give rise to biallelic variants. Both deletions and copy-neutral loss of heterozygosity (LOH) are potential mechanisms of NF1 loss, distinct from point mutations, and additional genes altered may drive different tumor types. This study investigates whether tumors from individuals with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) demonstrate additional gene variants and detects NF1 second hits using paired germline and somatic sequencing. In addition, rare tumor types in NF1 may also be characterized by tumor sequencing.MATERIALS AND METHODSSequences of 529 cancer driver genes were analyzed in 6,381 tumors, yielding 391 NF1-mutated tumors in which NF1 LOH analysis was performed. Driver genes were evaluated by tumor type including malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors and gliomas.RESULTSNF1 LOH was seen in 133 of 391 tumor samples in the cohort. Individuals with NF1 had more prevalent copy-neutral LOH ( P < .0001), suggesting somatic intrachromosomal recombination. Osteosarcoma in NF1 also had NF1 LOH and additional p53 alteration. NF1 second hit data from tumors were informative for inferring deleteriousness of missense variants that were conflicting in ClinVar, potentially helping to add to NF1 annotation. Although criteria for evaluating germline and somatic variants are different, deleterious effects on NF1 function may be shared.CONCLUSIONSequencing of NF1-associated tumors demonstrated a spectrum of second hits in NF1 and the prevalence of copy-neutral LOH. Future work may be aimed at further understanding of LOH mechanisms and strategies to mitigate tumor risk.
Cholesterol Deprivation Drives DHEA Biosynthesis in Human Adrenals
Authors: Pignatti Emanuele , Altinkilic Emre Murat , Bräutigam Konstantin , Grössl Michael , Perren Aurel , Zavolan Mihaela , Flück Christa E 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAdrenarche is an early event in sexual maturation in prepubertal children and corresponds to the postnatal development of the adrenocortical zona reticularis (zR). However, the molecular mechanisms that govern the onset and maturation of zR remain unknown. Using tissue laser microdissection combined with transcript quantification and immunodetection, we showed that the human zR receives low levels of cholesterol in comparison with other adrenal layers. To model this metabolic condition, we challenged adrenal cells in vitro using cholesterol deprivation. This resulted in reprogramming the steroidogenic pathway toward inactivation of 3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (HSD3B2), increased CYB5A expression, and increased biosynthesis of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), 3 key features of zR maturation during adrenarche. Finally, we found that cholesterol deprivation leads to decreased transcriptional activity of POU3F2, which normally stimulates the expression of HSD3B2 by directly binding to its promoter. These findings demonstrate that cholesterol deprivation can account, at least in part, for the acquisition of a zR-like androgenic program in humans.
Determinants of Disparities in Early COVID-19 Job Losses
Authors: Montenovo Laura , Jiang Xuan , Lozano-Rojas Felipe , Schmutte Ian , Simon Kosali , Weinberg Bruce A. , Wing Coady 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This study examines the sociodemographic divide in early labor market responses to the U.S. COVID-19 epidemic and associated policies, benchmarked against two previous recessions. Monthly Current Population Survey (CPS) data show greater declines in employment in April and May 2020 (relative to February) for Hispanic individuals, younger workers, and those with a high school diploma or some college. Between April and May, the demographic subgroups considered regained some employment. Reemployment in May was broadly proportional to the employment drop that occurred through April, except for Black individuals, who experienced a smaller rebound. Compared to the 2001 recession and the Great Recession, employment losses in the early COVID-19 recession were smaller for groups with low or high (vs. medium) education. We show that job loss was greater in occupations that require more interpersonal contact and that cannot be performed remotely, and that pre-COVID-19 sorting of workers into occupations and industries along demographic lines can explain a sizable portion of the demographic gaps in new unemployment. For example, while women suffered more job losses than men, their disproportionate pre-epidemic sorting into occupations compatible with remote work shielded them from even larger employment losses. However, substantial gaps in employment losses across groups cannot be explained by socioeconomic differences. We consider policy lessons and future research needs regarding the early labor market implications of the COVID-19 crisis.
Development and Validation of a Predictive Model for Failure of Medical Management in Spinal Epidural Abscesses
Authors: Page Paul S. , Greeneway Garret P. , Ammanuel Simon G. , Brooks Nathaniel P. 
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND:
The optimal management of spinal epidural abscesses (SEA) secondary to primary spinal infections has demonstrated large variability in the literature. Although some literature suggests a high rate of neurological deterioration, others suggest failure of medical management is uncommon.

OBJECTIVE:
To develop a predictive model to evaluate the likelihood of failure of medical therapy in the setting of SEA.

METHODS:
A retrospective review was conducted of all patients presenting with SEA from primary spinal infections. Patients presenting with MRI evidence of SEA without neurological deficits were included. Failure of medical management was defined as requiring surgical intervention over 72 hours after the initiation of antibiotics. A machine learning method (Risk-Calibrated Supersparse Linear Integer Model) was used to create a risk stratification score to identify patients at high risk for requiring surgical intervention.

RESULTS:
In total, 159 patients were identified as presenting with MRI findings of SEA without evidence of neurological deficit. Of these patients, 50 required delayed surgery compared with 109 whose infection were successfully treated with surgical intervention. The Spinal Epidural Abscess Predictive Score was created using a machine learning model with an area under the curve of 0.8043 with calibration error of 14.7%. Factors included active malignancy, spondylodiscitis, organism identification, blood cultures, and sex. The probability of failure of medical management ranged from <5% for a score of 2 or less and >95% for a score of 7 or more.

CONCLUSION:
The Spinal Epidural Abscess Predictive Score model is a quick and accurate tool to assist in clinical decision-making in SEA.
Global change and physiological challenges for fish of the Amazon today and in the near future
Authors: Luis Val Adalberto , Wood Chris M. 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTAmazonia is home to 15% (&gt;2700, in 18 orders) of all the freshwater fish species of the world, many endemic to the region, has 65 million years of evolutionary history and accounts for 20% of all freshwater discharge to the oceans. These characteristics make Amazonia a unique region in the world. We review the geological history of the environment, its current biogeochemistry and the evolutionary forces that led to the present endemic fish species that are distributed amongst three very different water types: black waters [acidic, ion-poor, rich in dissolved organic carbon (DOC)], white waters (circumneutral, particle-rich) and clear waters (circumneutral, ion-poor, DOC-poor). The annual flood pulse is the major ecological driver for fish, providing feeding, breeding and migration opportunities, and profoundly affecting O2, CO2 and DOC regimes. Owing to climate change and other anthropogenic pressures such as deforestation, pollution and governmental mismanagement, Amazonia is now in crisis. The environment is becoming hotter and drier, and more intense and frequent flood pulses are now occurring, with greater variation between high and low water levels. Current projections are that Amazon waters of the near future will be even hotter, more acidic, darker (i.e. more DOC, more suspended particles), higher in ions, higher in CO2 and lower in O2, with many synergistic effects. We review current physiological information on Amazon fish, focusing on temperature tolerance and ionoregulatory strategies for dealing with acidic and ion-poor environments. We also discuss the influences of DOC and particles on gill function, the effects of high dissolved CO2 and low dissolved O2, with emphasis on water- versus air-breathing mechanisms, and strategies for pH compensation. We conclude that future elevations in water temperature will be the most critical factor, eliminating many species. Climate change will likely favour predominantly water-breathing species with low routine metabolic rates, low temperature sensitivity of routine metabolic rates, high anaerobic capacity, high hypoxia tolerance and high thermal tolerance.
Enhanced short-wavelength sensitivity in the blue-tongued skinkTiliqua rugosa
Authors: Nagloo Nicolas , Mountford Jessica K. , Gundry Ben J. , Hart Nathan S. , Davies Wayne I. L. , Collin Shaun P. , Hemmi Jan M. 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTDespite lizards using a wide range of colour signals, the limited variation in photoreceptor spectral sensitivities across lizards suggests only weak selection for species-specific, spectral tuning of photoreceptors. Some species, however, have enhanced short-wavelength sensitivity, which probably helps with the detection of signals rich in ultraviolet and short wavelengths. In this study, we examined the visual system of Tiliqua rugosa, which has an ultraviolet/blue tongue, to gain insight into this species' visual ecology. We used electroretinograms, opsin sequencing and immunohistochemical labelling to characterize whole-eye spectral sensitivity and the elements that shape it. Our findings reveal that T. rugosa expresses all five opsins typically found in lizards (SWS1, SWS2, RH1, RH2 and LWS) but possesses greatly enhanced short-wavelength sensitivity compared with other diurnal lizards. This enhanced short-wavelength sensitivity is characterized by a broadening of the spectral sensitivity curve of the eye towards shorter wavelengths while the peak sensitivity of the eye at longer wavelengths (560 nm) remains similar to that of other diurnal lizards. While an increased abundance of SWS1 photoreceptors is thought to mediate elevated ultraviolet sensitivity in a couple of other lizard species, SWS1 photoreceptor abundance remains low in this species. Instead, our findings suggest that short-wavelength sensitivity is driven by multiple factors which include a potentially red-shifted SWS1 photoreceptor and the absence of short-wavelength-absorbing oil droplets. Examining the coincidence of enhanced short-wavelength sensitivity with blue tongues among lizards of this genus will provide further insight into the co-evolution of conspecific signals and whole-eye spectral sensitivity.
Local value-chains dedicated to sustainable production (coffee agroforestry business-driven clusters or CaFC): a new organizational model to foster social and environmental innovations through farm renovation
Authors: Meter Andrew , Penot Eric , Vaast Philippe , Etienne Hervé , Ponçon Eric , Bertrand Benoit 
Published: May 2022

Background: Worldwide coffee production, especially Arabica coffee, is threatened by climatic change, plants diseases and vulnerability of smallholders. Meanwhile, consumers’ demand for socially and environmentally sustainable products is steadily increasing, driving the engagement of stakeholders in agro-ecological and social initiatives. Here we present a new organizational model, the “Coffee agroforestry business-driven cluster” (CaFC), which aims at preserving ecosystems while offering producers a fair income. Based on an original local micro value-chain dedicated to sustainable production of high-quality Arabica coffee under agroforestry systems, the CaFC model stands out by addressing the issues around plantation renovation, a crucial process that requires considerable investments from producers. Methods: Based on a pilot project in Nicaragua, we illustrate how the operational principles of CaFC can be applied in a real setting. Using data shared by key stakeholders involved in the project, we assess the profitability of the CaFC model by comparing different scenarios and applying sensitivity analysis. We then reflect on the reproducibility of the model in other contexts, building on lessons learned from ongoing implementations in Vietnam and Cameroon. Results: For producers renovating their plantations, the CaFC model consistently outperforms other scenarios, offering high quality premiums coupled with capacity building, access to highly productive varieties that perform well under agroforestry systems and adapted credit with favourable repayment schemes. Implementation in Vietnam and Cameroon show that the model can be successfully replicated with some adaptation to local contexts. These cases also highlight the importance of mutual interests, trust and communication in enabling collaboration between stakeholders. Conclusions: The CaFC model has great potential for positive environmental and economic impact and offers strong incentives for stakeholders involved in its resulting micro value-chain. The concept was initially developed in Nicaragua for coffee but could also be adapted in other countries or even to other commodities such as cocoa.
Managing the Double Bind: Women Directors’ Participation Tactics in the Gendered Boardroom
Authors: Trzebiatowski Tiffany , McCluney Courtney , Hernandez Morela 
Published: May 2022

Women leaders who fail to manage the double bind by displaying both warmth and competence can face backlash, creating pressure for women to invest thought, time, and effort into their self-presentation. Research to date lacks theoretical insights around how women in the highest levels of leadership manage the double bind in natural settings. Our inductive study of interviews with 43 women directors on U.S. publicly traded company boards offers an insider’s perspective of participation tactics that women use to manage the double bind in male-dominated contexts. We found two features unique to advisory roles—a requirement that advisors possess a large breadth of knowledge and a time constraint whereby advisors meet less frequently with their peers—that suggest women directors adapt and learn how to participate on gendered boards. We uncovered six gendered participation tactics that mitigate stereotypical concerns for women to appear warm and/or competent on boards. We further reveal how women directors selectively use specific gendered participation tactics over others to effectively achieve their participation aims, which, in turn, helps them avoid backlash for mismanaging the double bind. Finally, we find that this matching process is constrained by the amount and scope of use related to the unique features of the advisory role. The emergence and trade-offs between the use of these novel gendered participation tactics deepen our theoretical understanding of women’s participation in advisory roles. Supplemental Material: The e-companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2022.1599 .