bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantum-assisted distortion-free audio signal sensing
Authors: Zhang Chen , Dasari Durga , Widmann Matthias , Meinel Jonas , Vorobyov Vadim , Kapitanova Polina , Nenasheva Elizaveta , Nakamura Kazuo , Sumiya Hitoshi , Onoda Shinobu , Isoya Junichi , Wrachtrup Jörg 
Published: August 2022

AbstractQuantum sensors are known for their high sensitivity in sensing applications. However, this sensitivity often comes with severe restrictions on other parameters which are also important. Examples are that in measurements of arbitrary signals, limitation in linear dynamic range could introduce distortions in magnitude and phase of the signal. High frequency resolution is another important feature for reconstructing unknown signals. Here, we demonstrate a distortion-free quantum sensing protocol that combines a quantum phase-sensitive detection with heterodyne readout. We present theoretical and experimental investigations using nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond, showing the capability of reconstructing audio frequency signals with an extended linear dynamic range and high frequency resolution. Melody and speech based signals are used for demonstrating the features. The methods could broaden the horizon for quantum sensors towards applications, e.g. telecommunication in challenging environment, where low-distortion measurements are required at multiple frequency bands within a limited volume.
Proteomic characterization of the Toxoplasma gondii cytokinesis machinery portrays an expanded hierarchy of its assembly and function
Authors: Engelberg Klemens , Bechtel Tyler , Michaud Cynthia , Weerapana Eranthie , Gubbels Marc-Jan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe basal complex (BC) is essential for T. gondii cell division but mechanistic details are lacking. Here we report a reciprocal proximity based biotinylation approach to map the BC’s proteome. We interrogate the resulting map for spatiotemporal dynamics and function by disrupting the expression of components. This highlights four architecturally distinct BC subcomplexes, the compositions of which change dynamically in correlation with changes in BC function. We identify BCC0 as a protein undergirding BC formation in five foci that precede the same symmetry seen in the apical annuli and IMC sutures. Notably, daughter budding from BCC0 progresses bidirectionally: the apical cap in apical and the rest of the IMC in basal direction. Furthermore, the essential role of the BC in cell division is contained in BCC4 and MORN1 that form a ‘rubber band’ to sequester the basal end of the assembling daughter cytoskeleton. Finally, we assign BCC1 to the non-essential, final BC constriction step.
IFN-γ stimulated murine and human neurons mount anti-parasitic defenses against the intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii
Authors: Chandrasekaran Sambamurthy , Kochanowsky Joshua A. , Merritt Emily F. , Lagas Joseph S. , Swannigan Ayesha , Koshy Anita A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDogma holds thatToxoplasma gondiipersists in neurons because neurons cannot clear intracellular parasites, even with IFN-γ stimulation. As several recent studies questioned this idea, here we use primary murine neuronal cultures from wild type and transgenic mice in combination with IFN-γ stimulation and parental and transgenic parasites to reassess IFN-γ dependent neuronal clearance of intracellular parasites. We find that neurons respond to IFN-γ and that a subset of neurons clear intracellular parasites via immunity regulated GTPases. Whole neuron reconstructions from mice infected with parasites that trigger neuron GFP expression only after full invasion reveal that ~50% of theseT. gondii-invaded neurons no longer harbor parasites. Finally, IFN-γ stimulated human pluripotent stem cell derived neurons show an ~50% decrease in parasite infection rate when compared to unstimulated cultures. This work highlights the capability of human and murine neurons to mount cytokine-dependent anti-T. gondiidefense mechanisms in vitro and in vivo.
Superfluid stiffness of a KTaO3-based two-dimensional electron gas
Authors: Mallik S. , Ménard G. C. , Saïz G. , Witt H. , Lesueur J. , Gloter A. , Benfatto L. , Bibes M. , Bergeal N. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAfter almost twenty years of intense work on the celebrated LaAlO3/SrTiO3system, the recent discovery of a superconducting two-dimensional electron gas (2-DEG) in (111)-oriented KTaO3-based heterostructures injects new momentum to the field of oxides interface. However, while both interfaces share common properties, experiments also suggest important differences between the two systems. Here, we report gate tunable superconductivity in 2-DEGs generated at the surface of a (111)-oriented KTaO3crystal by the simple sputtering of a thin Al layer. We extract the superfluid stiffness of the 2-DEGs and show that its temperature dependence is consistent with a node-less superconducting order parameter having a gap value larger than expected within a simple BCS weak-coupling limit model. The superconducting transition follows the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless scenario, which was not reported on SrTiO3-based interfaces. Our finding offers innovative perspectives for fundamental science but also for device applications in a variety of fields such as spin-orbitronics and topological electronics.
Contrasting inequality in human exposure to greenspace between cities of Global North and Global South
Authors: Chen Bin , Wu Shengbiao , Song Yimeng , Webster Chris , Xu Bing , Gong Peng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe United Nations specified the need for “providing universal access to greenspace for urban residents” in the 11th Sustainable Development Goal. Yet, how far we are from this goal remains unclear. Here, we develop a methodology incorporating fine-resolution population and greenspace mappings and use the results for 2020 to elucidate global differences in human exposure to greenspace. We identify a contrasting difference of greenspace exposure between Global South and North cities. Global South cities experience only one third of the greenspace exposure level of Global North cities. Greenspace exposure inequality (Gini: 0.47) in Global South cities is nearly twice that of Global North cities (Gini: 0.27). We quantify that 22% of the spatial disparity is associated with greenspace provision, and 53% is associated with joint effects of greenspace provision and spatial configuration. These findings highlight the need for prioritizing greening policies to mitigate environmental disparity and achieve sustainable development goals.
Competing effects of vegetation density on sedimentation in deltaic marshes
Authors: Xu Yuan , Esposito Christopher R. , Beltrán-Burgos Maricel , Nepf Heidi M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMarsh vegetation, a definitive component of delta ecosystems, has a strong effect on sediment retention and land-building, controlling both how much sediment can be delivered to and how much is retained by the marsh. An understanding of how vegetation influences these processes would improve the restoration and management of marshes. We use a random displacement model to simulate sediment transport, deposition, and resuspension within a marsh. As vegetation density increases, velocity declines, which reduces sediment supply to the marsh, but also reduces resuspension, which enhances sediment retention within the marsh. The competing trends of supply and retention produce a nonlinear relationship between sedimentation and vegetation density, such that an intermediate density yields the maximum sedimentation. Two patterns of sedimentation spatial distribution emerge in the simulation, and the exponential distribution only occurs when resuspension is absent. With resuspension, sediment is delivered farther into the marsh and in a uniform distribution. The model was validated with field observations of sedimentation response to seasonal variation in vegetation density observed in a marsh within the Mississippi River Delta.
Electrically tunable two-dimensional heterojunctions for miniaturized near-infrared spectrometers
Authors: Deng Wenjie , Zheng Zilong , Li Jingzhen , Zhou Rongkun , Chen Xiaoqing , Zhang Dehui , Lu Yue , Wang Chongwu , You Congya , Li Songyu , Sun Ling , Wu Yi , Li Xuhong , An Boxing , Liu Zheng , Wang Qi jie , Duan Xiangfeng , Zhang Yongzhe 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMiniaturized spectrometers are of considerable interest for their portability. Most designs to date employ a photodetector array with distinct spectral responses or require elaborated integration of micro & nano optic modules, typically with a centimeter-scale footprint. Here, we report a design of a micron-sized near-infrared ultra-miniaturized spectrometer based on two-dimensional van der Waals heterostructure (2D-vdWH). By introducing heavy metal atoms with delocalized electronic orbitals between 2D-vdWHs, we greatly enhance the interlayer coupling and realize electrically tunable infrared photoresponse (1.15 to 1.47 μm). Combining the gate-tunable photoresponse and regression algorithm, we achieve spectral reconstruction and spectral imaging in a device with an active footprint < 10 μm. Considering the ultra-small footprint and simple fabrication process, the 2D-vdWHs with designable bandgap energy and enhanced photoresponse offer an attractive solution for on-chip infrared spectroscopy.
Lower vaccine-acquired immunity in the elderly population following two-dose BNT162b2 vaccination is alleviated by a third vaccine dose
Authors: Renia Laurent , Goh Yun Shan , Rouers Angeline , Le Bert Nina , Chia Wan Ni , Chavatte Jean-Marc , Fong Siew‐Wai , Chang Zi Wei , Zhuo Nicole Ziyi , Tay Matthew Zirui , Chan Yi-Hao , Tan Chee Wah , Yeo Nicholas Kim‐Wah , Amrun Siti Naqiah , Huang Yuling , Wong Joel Xu En , Hor Pei Xiang , Loh Chiew Yee , Wang Bei , Ngoh Eve Zi Xian , Salleh Siti Nazihah Mohd , Carissimo Guillaume , Dowla Samanzer , Lim Alicia Jieling , Zhang Jinyan , Lim Joey Ming Er , Wang Cheng-I. , Ding Ying , Pada Surinder , Sun Louisa Jin , Somani Jyoti , Lee Eng Sing , Ong Desmond Luan Seng ,   SCOPE Cohort Study Group, Ruesta Anthony Torres , Neo Vanessa , Chen Wendy Yehui , Goh Estelle Yi Wei , Ong Alice Soh Meoy , Chua Adeline Chiew Yen , Nguee Samantha Yee Teng , Tan Yong Jie , Tang Weiyi , Leo Yee‐Sin , MacAry Paul A. , Lin Raymond Tzer Pin , Wang Lin-Fa , Ren Ee Chee , Lye David C. , Bertoletti Antonio , Young Barnaby Edward , Ng Lisa F. P. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the impact of age on vaccinations is essential for the design and delivery of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. Here, we present findings from a comprehensive analysis of multiple compartments of the memory immune response in 312 individuals vaccinated with the BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine. Two vaccine doses induce high antibody and T cell responses in most individuals. However, antibody recognition of the Spike protein of the Delta and Omicron variants is less efficient than that of the ancestral Wuhan strain. Age-stratified analyses identify a group of low antibody responders where individuals ≥60 years are overrepresented. Waning of the antibody and cellular responses is observed in 30% of the vaccinees after 6 months. However, age does not influence the waning of these responses. Taken together, while individuals ≥60 years old take longer to acquire vaccine-induced immunity, they develop more sustained acquired immunity at 6 months post-vaccination. A third dose strongly boosts the low antibody responses in the older individuals against the ancestral Wuhan strain, Delta and Omicron variants.
Boosting the stability of perovskites with exsolved nanoparticles by B-site supplement mechanism
Authors: Zhang Bo-Wen , Zhu Meng-Nan , Gao Min-Rui , Xi Xiuan , Duan Nanqi , Chen Zhou , Feng Ren-Fei , Zeng Hongbo , Luo Jing-Li 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPerovskites with exsolved nanoparticles (P-eNs) have immense potentials for carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction in solid oxide electrolysis cell. Despite the recent achievements in promoting the B-site cation exsolution for enhanced catalytic activities, the unsatisfactory stability of P-eNs at high voltages greatly impedes their practical applications and this issue has not been elucidated. In this study, we reveal that the formation of B-site vacancies in perovskite scaffold is the major contributor to the degradation of P-eNs; we then address this issue by fine-regulating the B-site supplement of the reduced Sr2Fe1.3Ni0.2Mo0.5O6-δ using foreign Fe sources, achieving a robust perovskite scaffold and prolonged stability performance. Furthermore, the degradation mechanism from the perspective of structure stability of perovskite has also been proposed to understand the origins of performance deterioration. The B-site supplement endows P-eNs with the capability to become appealing electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction and more broadly, for other energy storage and conversion systems.
Synaptosome microRNAs regulate synapse functions in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Kumar Subodh , Orlov Erika , Gowda Prashanth , Bose Chhanda , Swerdlow Russell H. , Lahiri Debomoy K. , Reddy P. Hemachandra 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are found in nerve terminals, synaptic vesicles, and synaptosomes, but it is unclear whether synaptic and cytosolic miRNA populations differ in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) or if synaptosomal miRNAs affect AD synapse activity. To address these questions, we generated synaptosomes and cytosolic fractions from postmortem brains of AD and unaffected control (UC) samples and analyzed them using a global Affymetrix miRNAs microarray platform. A group of miRNAs significantly differed (P < 0.0001) with high fold changes variance (+/− >200-fold) in their expressions in different comparisons: (1) UC synaptosome vs UC cytosol, (2) AD synaptosomes vs AD cytosol, (3) AD cytosol vs UC cytosol, and (4) AD synaptosomes vs UC synaptosomes. MiRNAs data analysis revealed that some potential miRNAs were consistently different across sample groups. These differentially expressed miRNAs were further validated using AD postmortem brains, brains of APP transgenic (Tg2576), Tau transgenic (P301L), and wild-type mice. The miR-501-3p, miR-502-3p, and miR-877-5p were identified as potential synaptosomal miRNAs upregulated with disease progression based on AD Braak stages. Gene Ontology Enrichment and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis of synaptosomal miRNAs showed the involvement of miRNAs in nervous system development, cell junction organization, synapse assembly formation, and function of GABAergic synapse. This is the first description of synaptic versus cytosolic miRNAs in AD and their significance in synapse function.
Lack of full sequencing GBA1 studies for patients with Parkinson’s disease in Latin America
Authors: Santos-Lobato Bruno Lopes , Schumacher-Schuh Artur F. , Mata Ignacio F. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFull sequencing of the GBA1 gene in patients with Parkinson’s disease provides a wide screening of pathogenic variants, but less developed regions of the world, like Latin America, may have difficulties in performing full sequencing. We performed a systematic review with meta-analysis to explore the prevalence and the odds ratio of specific GBA1 variants in Parkinson’s disease in Latin America. We noted a lack of full sequencing GBA1 studies in Latin America.
Size effects and active state formation of cobalt oxide nanoparticles during the oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Haase Felix T. , Bergmann Arno , Jones Travis E. , Timoshenko Janis , Herzog Antonia , Jeon Hyo Sang , Rettenmaier Clara , Cuenya Beatriz Roldan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWater electrolysis is a key technology to establish CO2-neutral hydrogen production. Nonetheless, the near-surface structure of electrocatalysts during the anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is still largely unknown, which hampers knowledge-driven optimization. Here using operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations, we provide quantitative near-surface structural insights into oxygen-evolving CoOx(OH)y nanoparticles by tracking their size-dependent catalytic activity down to 1 nm and their structural adaptation to OER conditions. We uncover a superior intrinsic OER activity of sub-5 nm nanoparticles and a size-dependent oxidation leading to a near-surface Co–O bond contraction during OER. We find that accumulation of oxidative charge within the surface Co3+O6 units triggers an electron redistribution and an oxyl radical as predominant surface-terminating motif. This contrasts the long-standing view of high-valent metal ions driving the OER, and thus, our advanced operando spectroscopy study provides much needed fundamental understanding of the oxygen-evolving near-surface chemistry.
Programmable DARPin-based receptors for the detection of thrombotic markers
Authors: Strittmatter Tobias , Wang Yidan , Bertschi Adrian , Scheller Leo , Freitag Patrick C. , Ray Preetam Guha , Stuecheli Pascal , Schaefer Jonas V. , Reinberg Thomas , Tsakiris Dimitrios , Plückthun Andreas , Ye Haifeng , Fussenegger Martin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCellular therapies remain constrained by the limited availability of sensors for disease markers. Here we present an integrated target-to-receptor pipeline for constructing a customizable advanced modular bispecific extracellular receptor (AMBER) that combines our generalized extracellular molecule sensor (GEMS) system with a high-throughput platform for generating designed ankyrin repeat proteins (DARPins). For proof of concept, we chose human fibrin degradation products (FDPs) as markers with high clinical relevance and screened a DARPin library for FDP binders. We built AMBERs equipped with 19 different DARPins selected from 160 hits, and found 4 of them to be functional as heterodimers with a known single-chain variable fragments binder. Tandem receptors consisting of combinations of the validated DARPins are also functional. We demonstrate applications of these AMBER receptors in vitro and in vivo by constructing designer cell lines that detect pathological concentrations of FDPs and respond with the production of a reporter and a therapeutic anti-thrombotic protein.
Pepinemab antibody blockade of SEMA4D in early Huntington’s disease: a randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial
Authors: Feigin Andrew , Evans Elizabeth E. , Fisher Terrence L. , Leonard John E. , Smith Ernest S. , Reader Alisha , Mishra Vikas , Manber Richard , Walters Kimberly A. , Kowarski Lisa , Oakes David , Siemers Eric , Kieburtz Karl D. , Zauderer Maurice ,   the Huntington Study Group SIGNAL investigators, Kayson Elise , Goldstein Jody , Barbano Richard , Marder Karen , Dayalu Praveen , Rosas Herminia Diana , Kostyk Sandra , Kamholz John , Racette Brad , Bang Jee , Claassen Daniel , McDonell Katherine , Factor Stewart , Walker Francis , Goas Clarisse , Wojcieszek Joanne , Raymond Lynn A. , Corey-Bloom Jody , Sung Victor , Dean Marissa , Geshwind Michael , Nelson Alexandra , Frank Samuel , LaFaver Kathrin , Duker Andrew , Elmer Lawrence , Samii Ali , Lin Yi-Han , Chouinard Sylvain , Seeberger Lauren , Scott Burton , Boyd James , McFarland Nikolaus , Stimming Erin Furr , Suchowersky Oksana , Testa Claudia , Anderson Karen 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSIGNAL is a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 study (no. NCT02481674) established to evaluate pepinemab, a semaphorin 4D (SEMA4D)-blocking antibody, for treatment of Huntington’s disease (HD). The trial enrolled a total of 265 HD gene expansion carriers with either early manifest (EM, n = 179) or late prodromal (LP, n = 86) HD, randomized (1:1) to receive 18 monthly infusions of pepinemab (n = 91 EM, 41 LP) or placebo (n = 88 EM, 45 LP). Pepinemab was generally well tolerated, with a relatively low frequency of serious treatment-emergent adverse events of 5% with pepinemab compared to 9% with placebo, including both EM and LP participants. Coprimary efficacy outcome measures consisted of assessments within the EM cohort of (1) a two-item HD cognitive assessment family comprising one-touch stockings of Cambridge (OTS) and paced tapping (PTAP) and (2) clinical global impression of change (CGIC). The differences between pepinemab and placebo in mean change (95% confidence interval) from baseline at month 17 for OTS were −1.98 (−4.00, 0.05) (one-sided P = 0.028), and for PTAP 1.43 (−0.37, 3.23) (one-sided P = 0.06). Similarly, because a significant treatment effect was not observed for CGIC, the coprimary endpoint, the study did not meet its prespecified primary outcomes. Nevertheless, a number of other positive outcomes and post hoc subgroup analyses—including additional cognitive measures and volumetric magnetic resonance imaging and fluorodeoxyglucose–positron-emission tomography imaging assessments—provide rationale and direction for the design of a phase 3 study and encourage the continued development of pepinemab in patients diagnosed with EM HD.
Transcriptome analyses of nine endocrine tissues identifies organism-wide transcript distribution and structure in the Siberian hamster
Authors: Stewart Calum , Hamilton Graham , Marshall Christopher J. , Stevenson Tyler J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTemperate zone animals exhibit seasonal variation in multiple endocrine systems. In most cases, peripheral organs display robust switches in tissue involution and recrudescence in mass. Our understanding of the molecular control of tissue-specific changes in seasonal function remains limited. Central to this problem is the lack of information on the nucleic acid structure, and distribution of transcripts across tissues in seasonal model organisms. Here we report the transcriptome profile of nine endocrine tissues from Siberian hamsters. Luteinizing hormone receptor expression was localized to gonadal tissues and confirmed previous distribution analyses. Assessment of the prolactin receptor reveal relatively high abundance across tissues involved in reproduction, energy, and water homeostasis. Neither melatonin receptor-1a, nor -1b, were found to be expressed in most tissues. Instead, the closely related G-protein coupled receptor Gpr50 was widely expressed in peripheral tissues. Epigenetic enzymes such as DNA methyltransferase 3a, was widely expressed and the predominant DNA methylation enzyme. Quantitative PCR analyses revealed some sex- and tissue-specific differences for prolactin receptor and DNA methyltransferase 3a expression. These data provide significant information on the distribution of transcripts, relative expression levels and nucleic acid sequences that will facilitate molecular studies into the seasonal programs in mammalian physiology.
Dimerization processes for light-regulated transcription factor Photozipper visualized by high-speed atomic force microscopy
Authors: Tsuji Akihiro , Yamashita Hayato , Hisatomi Osamu , Abe Masayuki 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDimerization is critical for transcription factors (TFs) to bind DNA and regulate a wide variety of cellular functions; however, the molecular mechanisms remain to be completely elucidated. Here, we used high-speed atomic force microscopy (HS-AFM) to observe the dimerization process for a photoresponsive TF Photozipper (PZ), which consists of light–oxygen–voltage-sensing (LOV) and basic-region-leucine-zipper (bZIP) domains. HS-AFM visualized not only the oligomeric states of PZ molecules forming monomers and dimers under controlled dark–light conditions but also the domain structures within each molecule. Successive AFM movies captured the dimerization process for an individual PZ molecule and the monomer–dimer reversible transition during dark–light cycling. Detailed AFM images of domain structures in PZ molecules demonstrated that the bZIP domain entangled under dark conditions was loosened owing to light illumination and fluctuated around the LOV domain. These observations revealed the role of the bZIP domain in the dimerization processes of a TF.