bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First application of dental microwear texture analysis to infer theropod feeding ecology
Authors: Winkler Daniela E. , Kubo Tai , Kubo Mugino O. , Kaiser Thomas M. , Tütken Thomas 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTheropods were the dominating apex predators in most Jurassic and Cretaceous terrestrial ecosystems. Their feeding ecology has always been of great interest, and new computational methods have yielded more detailed reconstructions of differences in theropod feeding behaviour. Many approaches, however, rely on well‐preserved skulls. Dental microwear texture (DMT) analysis is potentially applicable to isolated teeth, and here employed for the first time to investigate dietary ecology of theropods. In particular, we test whether tyrannosaurids show DMT associated with more hard‐object feeding than compared to Allosaurus; this would be a sign for higher levels of osteophagy, as has often been suggested. We find no significant difference in complexity and roughness of enamel surfaces between Allosaurus and tyrannosaurids, which conflicts with inferences of more frequent osteophagic behaviour in Tyrannosaurus as compared to other theropods. Orientation of wear features reveals a more pronounced bi‐directional puncture‐and‐pull feeding mode in Allosaurus than in tyrannosaurids. Our results further indicate ontogenetic niche shift in theropods and crocodylians, based on significantly larger height parameters in juvenile theropods which might indicate frequent scavenging, resulting in more bone–tooth contact during feeding. Overall, DMT is found to be very similar between theropods and extant large, broad‐snouted crocodylians and shows great similarity in feeding ecology of theropod apex predators throughout the Jurassic and Cretaceous.
Establishing a Robust and Reliable Response from a Potent Osmium‐Based Photosensitizer Via Lipid Nanoformulation†
Authors: Cole Houston D. , Eroy Menitte , Roque John A. , Shi Ge , Guirguis Mina , Fakhry John , Cameron Colin G. , Obaid Girgis , McFarland Sherri A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOsmium (Os) based photosensitizers (PSs) are a unique class of nontetrapyrrolic metal‐containing PSs that absorb red light. We recently reported a highly potent Os(II) PS, rac‐[Os(phen)2(IP‐4T)](Cl)2, referred to as ML18J03 herein, with light EC50 values as low as 20 pm. ML18J03 also exhibits low dark toxicity and submicromolar light EC50 values in hypoxia in some cell lines. However, owing to its longer oligothiophene chain, ML18J03 is not completely water soluble and forms 1–2 μm sized aggregates in PBS containing 1% DMSO. This aggregation causes variability in PDT efficacy between assays and thus unreliable and irreproducible reports of in vitro activity. To that end, we utilized PEG‐modified DPPC liposomes (138 nm diameter) and DSPE‐mPEG2000 micelles (10.2 nm diameter) as lipid nanoformulation vehicles to mitigate aggregation of ML18J03 and found that the spectroscopic properties important to biological activity were maintained or improved. Importantly, the lipid formulations decreased the interassay variance between the EC50 values by almost 20‐fold, with respect to the unformulated ML18J03 when using broadband visible light excitation (P = 0.0276). Herein, lipid formulations are presented as reliable platforms for more accurate in vitro photocytotoxicity quantification for PSs prone to aggregation (such as ML18J03) and will be useful for assessing their in vivo PDT effects.
Gestational thyroid hormone concentrations and risk of attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study
Authors: Engel Stephanie M. , Villanger Gro D. , Herring Amy , Nethery Rachel C. , Drover Samantha S. M. , Zoeller R. Thomas , Meltzer Helle M. , Zeiner Pal , Knudsen Gun Peggy , Reichborn‐Kjennerud Ted , Longnecker Matthew P. , Aase Heidi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundMaternal thyroid function plays an important role in foetal brain development; however, little consensus exists regarding the relationship between normal variability in thyroid hormones and common neurodevelopmental disorders, such as attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).ObjectiveWe sought to examine the association between mid‐pregnancy maternal thyroid function and risk of clinically diagnosed ADHD in offspring.MethodsWe conducted a nested case–control study in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study. Among children born 2003 or later, we randomly sampled singleton ADHD cases obtained through linkage with the Norwegian Patient Registry (n = 298) and 554 controls. Concentrations of maternal triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), T3‐Uptake, thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO‐Ab) were measured in maternal plasma, collected at approximately 17 weeks' gestation. Indices of free T4 (FT4i) and free T3 (FT3i) were calculated. We used multivariable adjusted logistic regression to calculate odds ratios and accounted for missing covariate data using multiple imputation. We used restricted cubic splines to assess non‐linear trends and provide flexible representations. We examined effect measure modification by dietary iodine and selenium intake. In sensitivity analyses, we excluded women with clinically significant thyroid disorders (n = 73).ResultsHigh maternal T3 was associated with increased risk of ADHD (5th vs 1st quintile odds ratio 2.27, 95% confidence interval 1.21, 4.26). For FT4i, both the lowest and highest quintiles were associated with an approximate 1.6‐fold increase in risk of ADHD, with similar trends found for T4. The FT4i association was modified by dietary iodine intake such that the highest risk strata were confined to the low intake group.ConclusionsBoth high and low concentrations of maternal thyroid hormones, although within population reference ranges, increase the risk of ADHD in offspring. Increased susceptibility may be found among women with low dietary intake of iodine and selenium.
Restoration strategies for water and salt transport in saline soils: A 20‐year bibliometric analysis
Authors: Shu Min , Yu Yang , Yin Mengqi , Bandala Erick R. , Roca Belén Calderón , Rodrigo‐Comino Jesús 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWorld Soil Day 2021 encouraged the prevention of soil salinization and improved land productivity. As research underpins this effort, we analysed trends in research on water and salt mobilization in saline soils and groundwater over the past 20 years. We found that the average studies have increased by 30%, from 110 in 2003–2015 to 143 in 2016–2022, with agriculture, water resources and environmental science being the main research fields. The most common research interests were anthropogenic impact (28.6%) and climate change (27.8%), followed by agricultural irrigation management (20%). A keyword clustering analysis revealed that the studies could be classified into four categories: “Agricultural production,” “Freshwater and groundwater salinization,” “Seawater intrusion,” and “Solute dynamic migration.” The most frequently used keyword was “transport” while the use of “freshwater,” “groundwater,” and “seawater intrusion” has increased sharply, suggesting that seawater intrusion and freshwater salinization are an area of increasing interest related to climate change. We identified comprehensive simulating systems for seawater intrusion as an important area for future research. We recommend that promoting a comprehensive and quantitative understanding of water and salt transport in saline soil is needed to ensure stakeholders are provided with science‐based information required for policymaking aimed towards sustainable development.
Long‐term effects of ciclosporin and oclacitinib on mediators of tolerance, regulatory T‐cells, IL‐10 and TGF‐β, in dogs with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Herrmann Ina , Mamo Lisa B. , Holmes Jenny , Mohammed Javid P. , Murphy K. Marcia , Bizikova Petra 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundAtopic dogs often are managed with allergen‐specific immunotherapy (AIT) and concurrent dosages of ciclosporin (CSA) or oclacitinib to alleviate their clinical signs. Both drugs might affect proper tolerance induction by inhibiting regulatory T‐cell (Treg) induction.Hypothesis/ObjectivesWe evaluated Treg cell numbers and serum interleukin (IL)‐10 and transforming growth factor‐beta (TGF‐β)1 levels in dogs diagnosed with atopic dermatitis (AD) and successfully treated with either CSA or oclacitinib for nine or more months.AnimalsWe included 15 dogs receiving oclacitinib, 14 dogs treated with CSA, 15 healthy dogs, 13 dogs with untreated moderate‐to‐severe AD and 15 atopic dogs controlled with AIT.Materials and MethodsPeripheral blood CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ T‐cell percentages were determined using flow cytometry. Serum concentrations of IL‐10 and TGF‐β1 were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsThe percentage of Treg cells in the CSA group was significantly lower in comparison with the healthy group (p = 0.0003), the nontreated AD group (p = 0.0056) or the AIT group (p = 0.0186). There was no significant difference in Treg cell percentages between the CSA and oclacitinib groups, nor between the oclacitinib and the healthy, nontreated AD or AIT‐treated dogs. No significant differences were detected in IL‐10 and TGF‐β1 serum concentrations between the five groups.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceLower Treg cell percentages in the CSA‐treated dogs suggest an impact of this drug on this cell population; however, it does not necessarily mean that it diminishes tolerance. Functionality and cytokine production may be more important than the number of Treg cells. Further studies evaluating the treatment outcome of dogs receiving AIT and concurrent drugs are needed to show clinical relevance.
Associations Between Physical Activity Vital Sign in Patients and Health Care Utilization in a Health Care System, 2018–2020
Authors: Lin Cindy Y. , Ball Trever J. , Gentile Nicole L. , McDonald Valerie F. , Humbert Andrew T. 
Published: December 2022

Background: Physical inactivity is a risk factor for many chronic conditions. This retrospective cohort study examined associations between physical activity (PA) with health care utilization (HU). Methods: A PA vital sign was recorded in clinics from January 2018 to December 2020. Patients were categorized as inactive, insufficiently active, or sufficiently active by US PA aerobic guidelines. Associations between PA vital sign and visits (inpatient admissions, emergency department, urgent care, and primary care) were estimated using population average regression by visit type. Results: 23,721 patients had at least one PA vital sign recorded, with a mean age of 47.3 years and mean body mass index (BMI) of 28; 52% were female and 63% were White. Sufficiently active patients were younger, male, White, and had lower BMI than insufficiently active patients. Achieving 150 minutes per week of moderate to vigorous PA per 1000 patient years was associated with 34 fewer emergency department visits (P < .001), 19 fewer inpatient admissions (P < .001), and 38 fewer primary care visits (P < .001) compared with inactive patients. Stronger associations between lower PA and higher HU were present among those who were older or had a higher comorbidity. BMI, sex, ethnicity, and race did not modify the association between PA and HU. Conclusions: Meeting aerobic guidelines was associated with reduced HU for inpatient, primary care, and emergency department visits.
Demystifying the roles of single metal site and cluster in CO
2
reduction via light and electric dual-responsive polyoxometalate-based metal-organic frameworks
Authors: Huang Qing , Niu Qian , Li Xiu-Fen , Liu Jiang , Sun Sheng-Nan , Dong Long-Zhang , Li Shun-Li , Cai Yue-Peng , Lan Ya-Qian 
Published: December 2022

Photo- or electroreduction of carbon dioxide into highly valued products offers a promising strategy to achieve carbon neutrality. Here, a series of polyoxometalate-based metal-organic frameworks (M-POMOFs) were constructed by metalloporphyrins [tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)-porphyrin-M (M-TCPPs)] and reductive POM for photo- and electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reductions (PCR and ECR, respectively), and the mysteries between the roles of single metal site and cluster in catalysis were disclosed. Iron-POMOF exhibited an excellent selectivity (97.2%) with high methane production of 922 micromoles per gram in PCR, together with superior Faradaic efficiency for carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide (92.1%) in ECR. The underlying mechanisms were further clarified. Photogenerated electrons transferred from iron-TCPP to the POM cluster for methane generation under irradiation, while the abundant electrons flowed to the center of iron-TCPP for carbon monoxide formation under the applied electric field. The specific multielectron products generated on iron-POMOF through switching driving forces to control electron flow direction between single metal site and cluster catalysis.
Influence of Dry Immersion on the Characteristics of Cyclic Precise Hand Movements
Authors: Lyakhovetskii V. A. , Zelenskaya I. S. , Karpinskaya V. Yu. , Bekreneva M. P. , Zelenskiy K. A. , Tomilovskaya E. S. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The characteristics of precise hand movements in Dry Immersion (DI) have been studied. Motor tasks were cyclic single-joint hand movements corresponding to the length and orientation of the presented horizontal or vertical segment and carried out for 5 s with or without visual feedback. The studies were carried out with the participation of 35 test healthy volunteers divided into three groups: control (n = 10), 6-hour DI (n = 11), and 5-day DI (n = 14). In the control group, the test was carried out three times, lying on the couch, imitating the cyclogram of a 6-hour DI—once before DI, in the morning on the day of DI, and in the evening 2 h after the end of exposure. In the 5-day DI, tests were performed once before the start of the DI, on the 1st, 3rd, and 5th days of the DI, and also once after its completion. It is shown that the accuracy of movements in the control group does not depend on the measurement number, while in the experimental groups on the first day of DI there is an increase in the overestimation of the length of horizontal segments and an increase in the error in estimating the direction of vertical segments. The data indicate that DI affects the hand movement control system and can be considered as a suitable Earth model for studying fine movement disorders observed in microgravity.
Patients’ and family members’ knowledge, attitudes and perceived family support for SMBG in type 2 diabetes: a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis
Authors: Zhao Qian , Yu Xinying , Feng Yuheng , Zhao Yuxi , Lu Jun , Guo Ying , Li Xiaohong 
Published: December 2022

Aims and objectivesTo examine the combined effects of the patient’s and family members’ knowledge, attitudes and perceived family support on self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) behaviour of patients with type 2 diabetes.DesignA cross-sectional design using the framework of knowledge–attitude–behaviour (KAB) combined with family support.SettingShanghai, China.ParticipantsSeventy type 2 diabetes patient–family member dyads recruited from 26 residential committees in Shanghai were investigated. Twenty-three health providers were interviewed.Primary outcome measuresThe knowledge, attitudes and perceived family support of patients’ and their family members’ data were measured through scales. Combined effects were analysed by a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) using fsQCA V.3.0. Other analyses and calculations were performed by STATA V.14.0.ResultsSMBG was very poor (20%), and behaviour was characterised by ‘multiple complications,’ and ‘all paths lead to the same destination’ for patients. There were two solution paths toward patients’ SMBG (solution coverage=0.4239, solution consistency=0.7604). One path was the combination of ‘patients with low risk perception, the patients’ and family members’ perceived negative support’, the other was the combination of ‘patients with high risk perception, the patients’ perceived negative support’. In both paths, basic knowledge serves as an auxiliary condition.ConclusionThe study revealed that for patients with high and low risk perceptions that are relatively difficult to change, we could strengthen family support to achieve the desired SMBG behaviour. Knowledge is not a prerequisite to achieving SMBG. Moreover, negative family support plays a crucial role. Perceived family support by patients is more important than perceived family support by family members, which suggests that family members should improve support for patients so that the patients can perceive more family support.
Utilisation willingness for institutional care by the disabled elderly and its influencing factors based on Andersen’s model: a cross-sectional survey of Henan, China
Authors: Yang Guangmei , Wan Leping , Dong Haiying , Liang Xiaoxiao , He Yan 
Published: December 2022

ObjectiveTo explore the factors that influence institutional care for the disabled elderly in China and the key factors that influence individuals based on the Andersen model.DesignCross-sectional survey.SettingThe research was conducted in 18 cities in Henan Province, China.Main outcome measuresA multistage, stratified sampling design was employed. The χ2test was used to compare the differences in basic information of the disabled elderly. A binary Logit model was used to examine the factors influencing the willingness to institutionalise elderly people with disabilities. The determinants of willingness to care in an institution were also explored in a stratified study by gender, age and region to identify the key differences affecting institutionalisation. The Andersen model was used as the theoretical framework to infer the impact strength of each model.ResultsOf the 2810 disabled elderly people in Henan, China, 7.4% of the elderly had a willingness for institutional care. In the binary logistic regression analysis, whether living alone (OR (95% CI)=0.596 (0.388 to 0.916)), medical payment method (basic medical insurance for urban employees: OR (95% CI)=2.185 (1.091 to 4.377)), having mental illness (OR (95% CI)=2.078 (1.044 to 4.137)) had a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) on the impact on the willingness of the disabled elderly to receive institutional care. Validation of the fitted coefficients of the model revealed that the needs factor had the most significant effect on the enabling variable, while the predisposing factor had more minerally effect.ConclusionsSeveral factors influence the willingness of the disabled elderly to institutionalise. Therefore, it is recommended that relevant authorities take targeted measures to focus on the disabled elderly to identify more precise elderly care services to deal with the ageing crisis.
National survey of mental health and life satisfaction of gig workers: the role of loneliness and financial precarity
Authors: Wang Senhu , Li Lambert Zixin , Coutts Adam 
Published: December 2022

ObjectivesTo compare the mental health and life satisfaction of those employed in the gig work and contingent work with those in full-time or part-time work and the unemployed in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic. To explore the possible mechanisms of latent and manifest benefits of employment, such as financial precarity and loneliness.DesignCross-sectional survey.ParticipantsA representative sample of 17 722 employed and unemployed British adults, including 429 gig workers. People with disability, retirees and full-time students are not included in the sample.Main outcome measuresMental health (General Health Questionnaire-12 score) and life satisfaction (a direct question from UK Household Longitudinal Study (UKHLS)) as outcomes. Self-reported loneliness (four widely used questions from UKHLS) and financial precarity (a direct question from UKHLS) as mediators.ResultsGig workers reported mental health and life satisfaction worse than those employed full time and part time, but better than the unemployed. Mediation analyses showed that gig workers’ worse mental health and life satisfaction than other workers were explained by their higher levels of loneliness and financial precarity, while gig workers’ better mental health and life satisfaction than the unemployed were explained by their less financial precarity.ConclusionsInformal and freelance economy provided manifest benefits of employment to gig workers compared with unemployment but lacked latent benefits of employment. Public policies should provide social support to freelance and contingent workers to reduce their loneliness and improve their psychological well-being, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Surgical-PEARL protocol: a multicentre prospective cohort study exploring aetiology, management and outcomes for patients with congenital anomalies potentially requiring surgical intervention
Authors: Mires Stuart , de Jesus Samantha E , Bamber Andrew R , Mumford Andrew , Power Beverley , Bradshaw Catherine , Lawlor Deborah , Gill Hannah , Luyt Karen , Baquedano Mai , Overton Tim , Caputo Massimo , Skerritt Clare 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionCongenital anomalies affect over 2% of pregnancies. Surgical advances have reduced mortality and improved survival for patients with congenital anomalies potentially requiring surgical (CAPRS) intervention. However, our understanding of aetiology, diagnostic methods, optimal management, outcomes and prognostication is limited. Existing birth cohorts have low numbers of individual heterogenous CAPRS. The Surgical Paediatric congEnital Anomalies Registry with Long term follow-up (Surgical-PEARL) study aims to establish a multicentre prospective fetal, child and biological parent cohort of CAPRS.Methods and analysisFrom 2022 to 2027, Surgical-PEARL aims to recruit 2500 patients with CAPRS alongside their biological mothers and fathers from up to 15 UK centres. Recruitment will be antenatal or postnatal dependent on diagnosis timing and presentation to a recruitment site. Routine clinical data including antenatal scans and records, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) records, diagnostic and surgical data and hospital episode statistics will be collected. A detailed biobank of samples will include: parents’ blood and urine samples; amniotic fluid if available; children’s blood and urine samples on admission to NICU, perioperatively or if the child has care withdrawn or is transferred for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; stool samples; and surplus surgical tissue. Parents will complete questionnaires including sociodemographic and health data. Follow-up outcome and questionnaire data will be collected for 5 years. Once established we will explore the potential of comparing findings in Surgical-PEARL to general population cohorts born in the same years and centres.Ethics and disseminationEthical and health research authority approvals have been granted (IRAS Project ID: 302251; REC reference number 22/SS/0004). Surgical-PEARL is adopted onto the National Institute for Health Research Clinical Research Network portfolio. Findings will be disseminated widely through peer-reviewed publication, conference presentations and through patient organisations and newsletters.Trial registration numberISRCTN12557586.