bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Linking gastrointestinal microbiota and metabolome dynamics to clinical outcomes in paediatric haematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Vaitkute Gintare , Panic Gordana , Alber Dagmar G. , Faizura-Yeop Intan , Cloutman-Green Elaine , Swann Jonathan , Veys Paul , Standing Joseph F. , Klein Nigel , Bajaj-Elliott Mona 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a curative procedure for a variety of conditions. Despite major advances, a plethora of adverse clinical outcomes can develop post-transplantation including graft-versus-host disease and infections, which remain the major causes of morbidity and mortality. There is increasing evidence that the gastrointestinal microbiota is associated with clinical outcomes post-haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Herein, we investigated the longitudinal dynamics of the gut microbiota and metabolome and potential associations to clinical outcomes in paediatric haematopoietic stem cell transplantation at a single centre.

Results
On admission (baseline), the majority of patients presented with a different gut microbial composition in comparison with healthy control children with a significantly lower alpha diversity. A further, marked decrease in alpha diversity was observed immediately post-transplantation and in most microbial diversity, and composition did not return to baseline status whilst hospitalised. Longitudinal trajectories identified continuous fluctuations in microbial composition, with the dominance of a single taxon in a significant proportion of patients. Using pam clustering, three clusters were observed in the dataset. Cluster 1 was common pre-transplantation, characterised by a higher abundance of Clostridium XIVa, Bacteroides and Lachnospiraceae; cluster 2 and cluster 3 were more common post-transplantation with a higher abundance of Streptococcus and Staphylococcus in the former whilst Enterococcus, Enterobacteriaceae and Escherichia predominated in the latter. Cluster 3 was also associated with a higher risk of viraemia. Likewise, further multivariate analysis reveals Enterobacteriaceae, viraemia, use of total parenteral nutrition and various antimicrobials contributing towards cluster 3, Streptococcaceae, Staphylococcaceae, Neisseriaceae, vancomycin and metronidazole contributing towards cluster 2. Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, Bifidobacteriaceae and not being on total parenteral nutrition contributed to cluster 1. Untargeted metabolomic analyses revealed changes that paralleled fluctuations in microbiota composition; importantly, low faecal butyrate was associated with a higher risk of viraemia.

Conclusions
These findings highlight the frequent shifts and dominations in the gut microbiota of paediatric patients undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The study reveals associations between the faecal microbiota, metabolome and viraemia. To identify and explore the potential of microbial biomarkers that may predict the risk of complications post-HSCT, larger multi-centre studies investigating the longitudinal microbial profiling in paediatric haematopoietic stem cell transplantation are warranted.
Can substance abuse media literacy increase prediction of drug use in students?
Authors: Barati Majid , Bashirian Saeed , Jormand Hanieh , Babamiri Mohammad , Rezapur-Shahkolai Forouzan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Objective
The present study aimed to determine the predictors of drug use among students based on the Extended Prototype willingness model (EPWM).

Methods
This cross-sectional study was performed at Hamadan universities. The participants were selected via multi-stage sampling. Finally, out of 721 students participated. The questionnaire consisted of four sections: (a) socio-demographic characteristics, (b) Questionnaire about the prototype willingness model constructs, (c) Questionnaire about the status of drug use behavior, (d) Substance Abuse Media Literacy (SAML) scale. Data were analyzed using a structural equations partial least squares confirmatory composite approach and SPSS-23.

Results
The mean age of students was of 23.47 ± 4.14 years. Based on results, behavioral willingness (β = 0.420, t-value = 9.010, p < 0.001) and behavioral intention (β = 0.291, t-value = 6.957, p < 0.001) significantly predicted drug use. The presented results of analysis, 66% of the variance of the drug use, 62% of the variable of the behavioral willingness, and 56% of the behavioral intention could be explained by the EPWM.

Conclusion
The present study demonstrated that EPWM could predict drug use in students. Therefore, designing and implementing educational and promotional intervention programs to reduce behavioral willingness and increase students’ skills in substance abuse media literacy is necessary to prevent drug use behavior.
Prevalence, risk factors and perceptions of caregivers on burns among children under 5 years in Kisenyi slum, Kampala, Uganda
Authors: Tusiime Marcia , Musoke David , Muneza Fiston , Mutto Milton , Kobusingye Olive 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundGlobally, burn related deaths are disproportionately higher among children below 5 years of age compared to other age groups. Although rarely fatal, most burns in this group occur within homes specifically in kitchens. This study assessed the prevalence, risk factors and perceptions of caregivers regarding burns among children under 5 years in an urban slum in Kampala, Uganda.MethodsThe study used an analytic cross-sectional design with quantitative and qualitative techniques. Quantitative data were collected using a structured questionnaire and observational checklist, while qualitative data involved use of a key informant interview guide. A total of 426 children were involved in the study, while 6 key informants namely an adult mother, teenage mother, community health worker, health practitioner, father and local leader were interviewed. A modified Poisson regression model was used to determine the correlates of burn injuries, prevalence rate ratios and 95% confidence intervals, while thematic analysis was used for qualitative data.ResultsThe prevalence of burns among under-fives was 32%, highest among those aged 24 to 35 months (39%), and least in those below 12 months (10%). Children with single parents (adj PR = 1.56 95% CI 1.07–2.29) and those from households in the middle and least poor wealth quintile (adj.PR = 1.72; 95% CI 1.02–2.89 and adj.PR = 1.77; 95% CI 1.02–3.05, respectively) were more likely to get burns compared to their counterparts in other quintiles. In households where flammables were safely stored, children were less likely to suffer from burn injuries (adj.PR = 0.61; 95% CI 0.44–0.83). Congestion, negligence of caregivers, and use of charcoal stoves/open cooking were the commonest determinants of burns. Although many caregivers offered first aid to burn patients, inadequate knowledge of proper care was noted. Crawling children were perceived as being at highest risk of burns.ConclusionThe prevalence of burns among children under 5 years was high, with several household hazards identified. Health education, household modification and applicable public health law enforcement are recommended to reduce hazards and minimise burn risks among children.
Measurement properties of the minimal insomnia symptom scale (MISS) in adolescents
Authors: Hedin Gita , Garmy Pernilla , Norell-Clarke Annika , Tønnesen Hanne , Hagell Peter , Westergren Albert 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
The Minimal Insomnia Symptom Scale (MISS) is a three-item screening instrument that has been found to be psychometrically sound and capable of screening for insomnia among adults and older people. This study aimed to test the measurement properties of the MISS together with an additional item focusing on daytime functioning among adolescents using the Rasch measurement model.

Methods
A cross-sectional design was used, and data from adolescents (age 13–17 years, n = 3022) were analyzed using the Rasch measurement model.

Results
The MISS had good measurement properties. When adding the item “daytime disturbance”, the measurement properties deteriorated. When replacing the original MISS item “not rested by sleep” with the item “daytime disturbance”, the measurement properties slightly improved. We label this new scale the MISS-Revised (MISS-R). The reliability was better for the MISS-R (0.55) compared to the MISS (0.50). The optimal cut-off was found to be > 6 points, both for the MISS and the MISS-R.

Conclusions
This study provides general support that both the MISS as well as the MISS-R have good fit to the Rasch model. At this stage, neither the MISS nor the MISS-R can be advocated over the other for use among adolescents, although the MISS-R had slightly better reliability than the MISS. Additional studies are needed to determine the clinically optimal cut-score for identification of insomnia.
Identification and evaluation of isolated entomopathogenic fungus from Egyptian soil against the black cutworm larvae of Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Ahmed Adel Anwar Ismail , Khalil Shimaa Sayed Hassan , Sahab Ahmed Farahat 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe black cutworm,Agrotis ipsilon(Hufnagel) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is considered as one of the most destructive pests of many field crops in Egypt. Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) have long been accepted as relatively safe alternatives to chemical insecticides. In the past decades, many researchers have compared the effective local isolates of EPF to the formulated product of the same fungus and reported that local isolates were more efficient than formulations when used against target insects.ResultsThe present study discussed the pathogenic activity of local isolate after scientific characterization. Two insect species [Galleria mellonellaL. andAgrotis ipsilon(Hufn.)] were used in this evaluation. The fungus was isolated from soil samples by trapping method, and fourth-instar larvae ofGalleriawere used to evaluate the pathogenicity of the isolate. The isolate was identified asBeauveria bassiana.Different levels of the fungus development depending on the test temperatures (20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 °C) were tested. Optimal growth of the isolate fungus was recorded at 25 °C. The corrected mortality rate for fourth-instar larvae ofG. mellonellatreated with the isolate spores at 6.4 × 105spores/ml was (96%) after 10 days, while the mortality of last instar larvae ofA. ipsilonwas (48 and 100%) at the concentrations of 9.2 × 104and 2.9 × 106spores/ml, respectively, after 14 days compared to (24%) in the control. Both pupation and the sex ratio in adults were affected at different levels according to the concentration. The effect was also very clear in the increased rates of malformation in adults.ConclusionThe EPF,B. bassiana,isolated from the soil, was highly effective againstG. mellonellalarvae in storage andA. ipsilonlarvae in soil; therefore, it could be recommended as an alternative control agent for chemical pesticides.
Vegetation’s influence on fire behavior goes beyond just being fuel
Authors: Loudermilk E. Louise , O’Brien Joseph J. , Goodrick Scott L. , Linn Rodman R. , Skowronski Nicholas S. , Hiers J. Kevin 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
The structure and function of fire-prone ecosystems are influenced by many interacting processes that develop over varying time scales. Fire creates both instantaneous and long-term changes in vegetation (defined as live, dead, and decomposing plant material) through combustion, heat transfer to living tissues, and subsequent patterns of recovery. While fuel available for combustion may be relative to the amount of vegetation, it is equally instructive to evaluate how the physical structure and other characteristics of vegetation influence fire dynamics, and how these interactions change between fire events. This paper presents a conceptual framework for how vegetation not only embodies the legacy of previous fires but creates the physical environment that drives fire behavior beyond its combustion as a fuel source.

Results
While many environmental factors affect both the post-fire vegetation trajectory and fire dynamics themselves, we present a conceptual framework describing how vegetation’s structural characteristics control the local microclimate and fluid dynamics of fire-induced flows, and how that is influenced by ecosystem and atmospheric processes. Shifting our focus from fuels to vegetation allows us to integrate spatial and temporal feedbacks between fire, vegetation, soil, and the atmosphere across scales. This approach synthesizes the combustion and flammability science, the physical influence on fire behavior, and the ecosystem dynamics and processes that occur between fires and within a fire regime.

Conclusions
We conclude that fire behavior, including its prediction and ecological effects, should be broadened to include the dynamic processes that interact with vegetation, beyond its role as fuel. Our conceptual framework illustrates the crucial feedbacks across scales that link the finer details of vegetation and fire behavior processes that occur within a fire and have additive effects that feedback into the coarser scale processes and functions within an ecosystem. Shifting the fuels paradigm to integrate the combustion, physical, and ecological roles of vegetation as complex drivers of fire behavior and outcomes will broaden discovery within wildland fire science and ecology.
Undocumented Irish Need Apply
Authors: Townsend Sarah L. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn the late 1980s, amid immigration reform in the United States, legislators and lobbyists secured generous visa allotments for Irish immigrants, whose path to legal residency in the United States narrowed after the 1965 Hart-Celler Act abolished the national origins quota system. Claiming that the new law discriminated against Europeans, Irish advocates framed their campaign as an effort to diversify the post-1965 immigrant pool, which was predominantly Asian and Latin American. By examining the rhetoric deployed in congressional hearings and media appearances, this article considers how groups like the Irish negotiated the terms of their whiteness in the post–civil rights era. It also addresses the global dimensions of this case study, including Irish lobbyists’ coalition with other (nonwhite) immigrant groups, concurrent immigration reform in Australia and Canada, the effect of the Northern Irish civil war and US-Irish diplomatic relations, and its legacies in a newly multicultural contemporary Ireland.
Women’s Agency, Catholic Morality, and the Irish State
Authors: Appeltová Michaela 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The text reviews four new books in Irish women’s history and the history of sexuality: Mary McAuliffe’s biography of the revolutionary Margaret Skinnider; Jennifer Redmond’s Moving Histories, exploring the discourses about Irish women migrants to Great Britain in the first few decades of the Irish state, and their everyday lives in Britain; Lindsey Earner-Byrne and Diane Urquhart’s The Irish Abortion Journey, which documents the repressive discourses and policies surrounding abortion in twentieth-century Ireland and relates stories of traveling to Great Britain to obtain it; and finally, Sonja Tiernan’s book examining the ultimately successful political and legal campaign for marriage equality in Ireland. These highly readable, well-researched books place gender and sexuality at the center of Irish history; provide insight into the contradictory political, religious, and medical discourses about Irish women, gays, and lesbians; and document the lives of women both in and out of Ireland.
A Diaphanous and Enabled-dependent asymmetric actin cable array repositions nuclei during Drosophila oogenesis
Authors: Logan Gregory , Chou Wei-Chien , McCartney Brooke M. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
Cells reposition their nuclei for diverse specialized functions through a wide variety of cytoskeletal mechanisms. During Drosophila oogenesis, 15 nurse cells connected by ring canals to each other and the oocyte contract, ‘dumping’ their cytoplasm into the oocyte. Prior to dumping, actin cables initiate from the nurse cell cortex and elongate toward their nuclei, pushing them away from ring canals to prevent obstruction. How the cable arrays reposition nuclei is unknown. We found that these arrays are asymmetric, with regional differences in actin cable growth rate dependent on the differential localization of the actin assembly factors Enabled and Diaphanous. Enabled mislocalization produces a uniform growth rate. In oocyte-contacting nurse cells with asymmetric cable arrays, nuclei move away from ring canals. With uniform arrays, these nuclei move toward the adjacent ring canal instead. This correlated with ring canal nuclear blockage and incomplete dumping. Our data suggest that nuclear repositioning relies on the regulated cortical localization of Diaphanous and Enabled to produce actin cable arrays with asymmetric growth that push nuclei away from ring canals, enabling successful oogenesis.
Pharmaceutical advertising and the consumption of over the counter (OTC) medicines in users of the SUPERFAR drugstore in Barrios Altos-Cercado de Lima, 2022.
Authors: Esteves Pairazaman Ambrocio Teodoro , Ibarra Fretell Walter Gregorio , Huapaya Cuzcano Jessica Noelia , De La Cruz Rojas Ronald Alan , Esteves Cardenas Veronica Liset , Rincon Chavez Jose , Ochoa Ayvar Leydi , Palacios Valverde Francisco 
Published: June 2022

Background: To determine the relationship between pharmaceutical advertising and the consumption of over-the-counter (OTC) medicines in users of the SUPERFAR drugstore in Barrios Altos-Cercado de Lima, 2022. Methods: The methodology used was a quantitative approach, non-experimental, cross-sectional, descriptive-correlational design. The sample consisted of 269 users, who were administered a questionnaire with 20 questions; the technique used was the survey. The results were obtained using SPSS Version 22 and Spearman's correlation statistical test with a significance level of 5%. Results: The correlation for the general hypothesis was determined with a P value of 0.000 and a Spearman's Rho value of r=0.729 indicating a strong and direct correlation between Variable 1 pharmaceutical advertising and Variable 2 consumption of over-the-counter (OTC) drugs. For the pharmaceutical advertising message dimension, a P value of 0.000 was obtained, Spearman's Rho value of r=0.597 indicating a moderate and direct correlation, for the mass media dimension (P value is 0.000), Spearman's Rho value of r=0.525 indicating a moderate and direct correlation, for the pharmaceutical product promotion dimension (P value 0.000) Spearman's Rho value of r=0.637 showing a moderate and direct correlation and for the dimension of excessive consumption of medicines under the influence and responsibility of the pharmaceutical industry (P value 0.000) was obtained. Spearman's Rho value of r=0.670 indicating a moderate and direct correlation. Conclusion: The conclusion is that there is a significant relationship between the variables pharmaceutical advertising and drug consumption.
Research data management for bioimaging: the 2021 NFDI4BIOIMAGE community survey
Authors: Schmidt Christian , Hanne Janina , Moore Josh , Meesters Christian , Ferrando-May Elisa , Weidtkamp-Peters Stefanie ,   members of the NFDI4BIOIMAGE initiative
Published: June 2022

Background Knowing the needs of the bioimaging community with respect to research data management (RDM) is essential for identifying measures that enable adoption of the FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable, reusable) principles for microscopy and bioimage analysis data across disciplines. As an initiative within Germany's National Research Data Infrastructure, we conducted this community survey in summer 2021 to assess the state of the art of bioimaging RDM and the community needs. Methods An online survey was conducted with a mixed question-type design. We created a questionnaire tailored to relevant topics of the bioimaging community, including specific questions on bioimaging methods and bioimage analysis, as well as more general questions on RDM principles and tools. 203 survey entries were included in the analysis covering the perspectives from various life and biomedical science disciplines and from participants at different career levels. Results The results highlight the importance and value of bioimaging RDM and data sharing. However, the practical implementation of FAIR practices is impeded by technical hurdles, lack of knowledge, and insecurity about the legal aspects of data sharing. The survey participants request metadata guidelines and annotation tools and endorse the usage of image data management platforms. At present, OMERO (Open Microscopy Environment Remote Objects) is the best known and most widely used platform. Most respondents rely on image processing and analysis, which they regard as the most time-consuming step of the bioimage data workflow. While knowledge about and implementation of electronic lab notebooks and data management plans is limited, respondents acknowledge their potential value for data handling and publication. Conclusions The bioimaging community acknowledges and endorses the value of RDM and data sharing. Still, there is a need for information, guidance, and standardization to foster the adoption of FAIR data handling. This survey may help inspiring targeted measures to close this gap.
Projecting future health and service use among older people in Ireland: an overview of a dynamic microsimulation model in The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA)
Authors: May Peter , Normand Charles , Matthews Soraya , Kenny Rose Anne , Romero-Ortuno Roman , Tysinger Bryan 
Published: June 2022

Background: Demographic ageing is a population health success story but poses unprecedented policy challenges in the 21st century. Policymakers must prepare health systems, economies and societies for these challenges. Policy choices can be usefully informed by models that evaluate outcomes and trade-offs in advance under different scenarios. Methods: We developed a dynamic demographic-economic microsimulation model for the population aged 50 and over in Ireland: the Irish Future Older Adults Model (IFOAM). Our principal dataset was The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA). We employed first-order Markovian competing risks models to estimate transition probabilities of TILDA participants to different outcomes: diagnosis of serious diseases, functional limitations, risk-modifying behaviours, health care use and mortality. We combined transition probabilities with the characteristics of the stock population to estimate biennial changes in outcome state. Results: IFOAM projections estimated large annual increases in total deaths, in the number of people living and dying with serious illness and functional impairment, and in demand for hospital care between 2018 and 2040. The most important driver of these increases is the rising absolute number of older people in Ireland as the population ages. The increasing proportion of older old and oldest old citizens is projected to increase the average prevalence of chronic conditions and functional limitations. We deemed internal validity to be good but lacked external benchmarks for validation and corroboration of most outcomes. Conclusion: We have developed and validated a microsimulation model that projects health and related outcomes among older people in Ireland. Future research should address identified policy questions. The model enhances the capacity of researchers and policymakers to quantitatively forecast health and economic dynamics among older people in Ireland, to evaluate ex ante policy responses to these dynamics, and to collaborate internationally on global challenges associated with demographic ageing.