bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do recommended interventions widen or narrow inequalities in musculoskeletal health? An equity-focussed systematic review of differential effectiveness
Authors: Peat G , Jordan K P , Wilkie R , Corp N , van der Windt D A , Yu D , Narle G , Ali N 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
It is unclear whether seven interventions recommended by Public Health England for preventing and managing common musculoskeletal conditions reduce or widen health inequalities in adults with musculoskeletal conditions.

Methods
We used citation searches of Web of Science (date of ‘parent publication’ for each intervention to April 2021) to identify original research articles reporting subgroup or moderator analyses of intervention effects by social stratifiers defined using the PROGRESS-Plus frameworks. Randomized controlled trials, controlled before-after studies, interrupted time series, systematic reviews presenting subgroup/stratified analyses or meta-regressions, individual participant data meta-analyses and modelling studies were eligible. Two reviewers independently assessed the credibility of effect moderation claims using Instrument to assess the Credibility of Effect Moderation Analyses. A narrative approach to synthesis was used (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42019140018).

Results
Of 1480 potentially relevant studies, seven eligible analyses of single trials and five meta-analyses were included. Among these, we found eight claims of potential differential effectiveness according to social characteristics, but none that were judged to have high credibility.

Conclusions
In the absence of highly credible evidence of differential effectiveness in different social groups, and given ongoing national implementation, equity concerns may be best served by investing in monitoring and action aimed at ensuring fair access to these interventions.
Morphological characteristics of DISH in patients with OPLL and its association with high-sensitivity CRP: inflammatory DISH
Authors: Nguyen Tran Canh Tung , Yahara Yasuhito , Yasuda Taketoshi , Seki Shoji , Suzuki Kayo , Watanabe Kenta , Makino Hiroto , Kamei Katsuhiko , Mori Kanji , Kawaguchi Yoshiharu 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objectives
To characterize and clarify evidence as to whether the ectopic bone formations of DISH in patients with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) are caused by inflammatory or degenerative processes.

Methods
Whole-spine CT and serum high-sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP) levels were obtained from 182 cervical OPLL patients (DISH+, n = 104; DISH−, n = 78). In the DISH+ group, ectopic bone formations were categorized into Flat and Jaggy types, then further divided into three subgroups: group 1 (Jaggy-dominant pattern), group 2 (Equivalence of pattern) and group 3 (Flat-dominant pattern). Data were compared between the DISH+ and DISH− groups, and among the three subgroups.

Results
The upper thoracic spine was most affected by the Flat type, whereas the Jaggy type was more frequent in the middle and lower thoracic regions. There was no difference in hs-CRP levels between the DISH+ and DISH− groups. Among the three subgroups, hs-CRP levels in group 3 [mean (s.d.) 0.16 (0.09) mg/dl] were significantly higher than in group 1 [0.04 (0.02) mg/dl] and group 2 [0.08 (0.06) mg/dl]. Higher levels of hs-CRP were associated with a greater number of vertebral units with Flat-type formations (β = 0.691, P &lt; 0.0001) and with a lesser number of vertebral units with Jaggy-type formations (β = −0.147, P = 0.036).

Conclusion
The Flat type in DISH might be caused by an inflammatory pathogenesis rather than a degenerative process presented in the Jaggy type.
Anticipating Disagreement in Dynamic Contracting
Authors: Zhu John Y 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This paper studies how anticipated disagreement between a financier and an entrepreneur affects optimal contracting and asset prices. The value of debt is uniquely immune to anticipated disagreement, and when the set of anticipated disagreements is sufficiently rich, this immunity causes the optimal contract to give the financier debt. In contrast, the values of other contracts, including equity, decline as anticipated disagreement becomes more severe. This suggests a channel through which an increase in the severity of anticipated disagreement increases the equity premium and the debt-to-equity ratio.
Cross-sectional study of intraocular cataract lens replacement, circadian rest–activity rhythms, and sleep quality in older adults
Authors: Chellappa Sarah L , Bromundt Vivien , Frey Sylvia , Schlote Torsten , Goldblum David , Cajochen Christian 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Study Objectives
Age-related cataract decreases light transmission at the most sensitive spectrum for circadian photoentrainment, with negative ramifications for human health. Here, we assessed whether intraocular lens replacement (IOL) in older patients with previous cataract was associated with increased stability and amplitude of circadian rest–activity rhythms, and improved sleep quality.

Methods
Our cross-sectional study included sixteen healthy older individuals without ocular diseases (controls; 55–80 years; 63.6 ± 5.6y; 8 women) and 13 patients with previous cataract and bilateral IOL (eight with blue-blocking [BB] lens and five with ultraviolet-only [UV] blocking lens; 55–80 years; 69.9 ± 5.2y; 9 women). The study comprised three weeks of at home rest–activity assessments using wrist-worn actigraphs, and each week preceded a laboratory protocol. Primary outcomes were actigraphy-derived interdaily stability, intradaily variability, and relative amplitude of circadian rest–activity rhythms. Secondary outcomes were actigraphy-assessed sleep quality (i.e. time in bed, sleep duration, sleep efficiency, mean wake bout time and fragmentation index).

Results
Patients with IOL had significantly higher interdaily stability (“Group” effect: pFDR =.001), but not intradaily variability (“Group” effect: pFDR = n.s.), and significantly higher relative amplitude of rest–activity rhythms (“Group” effect: pFDR &lt; .001). Moreover, patients with IOL had significantly higher activity levels during the day and lower levels during the evening, as compared to healthy older controls (“Group” effect: pFDR = .03). Analyses of actigraphy-derived sleep parameters yielded no significant differences across groups (“Group” effect: all pFDR &gt; .1).

Conclusions
Our cross-sectional study suggests that enhancing spectral lens transmission in patients with cataract may benefit their circadian health.
Supporting the Ross procedure: preserving root physiology while mitigating autograft dilatation
Authors: Tanaka Dustin , Mazine Amine , Ouzounian Maral , El-Hamamsy Ismail 
Published: January 2022

Purpose of review
The purpose of this article is to describe the optimized approach to nonrepairable aortic valve disease in young adults with a Ross procedure, while preserving the dynamic physiology of the aortic root.

Recent findings
As the techniques for supporting pulmonary autografts continue to be refined, and the applicability of the Ross procedure continues to expand, an assessment of the various techniques based on aortic root physiology is warranted. Semi-resorbable scaffolds show promise in ovine models for improving the Ross procedure. Recent long-term outcomes for the Dacron inclusion technique in comparison to more physiologic methods of support emphasize the importance of balancing the prevention of early dilatation with the preservation of root haemodynamics. As this review will synthesize, the dynamic physiology of the root may be preserved even in patients at a higher risk of autograft dilatation.

Summary
The favourable long-term outcomes of the Ross procedure can be partly attributed to the ability of the autograft to restore dynamism to the neoaortic root. Patient-specific modifications that respect root physiology can tailor the Ross procedure to address each patient's risk factors for early dilatation and late failure. As such, the Ross procedure should be recognized as an increasingly favourable solution for a wide spectrum of nonpreservable aortic valve disease in young adults.
Surgical Management of Fuchs Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy: A Treatment Algorithm and Individual Patient Meta-Analysis of Descemet Stripping Only
Authors: Din Nizar , Cohen Eyal , Popovic Marko , Mimouni Michael , Trinh Tanya , Gouvea Larissa , Alshaker Sara , Ong Tone Stephan , Chan Clara C. , Slomovic Allan R. 
Published: January 2022

Purpose:
This study aims to determine predictive factors for success of Descemet stripping only (DSO) in Fuchs corneal endothelial dystrophy and propose a DSO treatment algorithm.

Methods:
Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane CENTRAL databases were searched to evaluate DSO case series, including combined phacoemulsification and DSO, and the use of Rho-kinase inhibitors (ROC-i). Our primary outcome was success of corneal clearance. Secondary outcomes included the time to corneal clearance, the postoperative endothelial cell count (ECC), and the impact of ROC-i.

Results:
Sixty-eight cases were evaluated with a mean follow-up of 12.4 months. DSO corneal clearance was achieved in 85% (n = 58) with a mean time of 4.9 weeks for the ROC-i group compared with 10.1 weeks in the observation group (P < 0.0001). The mean central ECC postoperatively was higher in the ROC-i group compared with the observation group 1151 ± 245 versus 765 ± 169 cells/mm2, respectively (P < 0.018). The postoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) improved in 61 eyes (90%), with mean final BCVA of 0.17 (0.26) logMAR (P = 0.001), which was statistically significant compared with preoperative BCVA. Factors influencing success were 4-mm descemetorhexis size, a clear peripheral ECC with no clinical sequelae of decompensation or guttae, and a low central corneal thickness. No intraoperative complications were noted. The commonest postoperative complication was deep corneal stromal scars noted at the descemetorhexis edge (n = 9).

Conclusions:
DSO has a role in the treatment of a subset of patients with Fuchs corneal endothelial dystrophy and that adjuvant treatment with ROC-i may lead to faster corneal clearance.
Systemic administration of monosodium glutamate induces sexually dimorphic headache- and nausea-like behaviours in rats
Authors: Benbow Tarique , Ekbatan Maryam Ranjbar , Wang Grace Hong Yue , Teja Felisha , Exposto Fernando G. , Svensson Peter , Cairns Brian E. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Ingestion of monosodium glutamate (MSG) causes headache, nausea, and craniofacial tenderness in healthy individuals. The present study explored whether MSG produces behavioural signs of headache, nausea, and changes in craniofacial sensitivity in rats. The behavior of male and female Sprague-Dawley rats was video recorded before and after intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of MSG (1-1000 mg/kg), nitroglycerin (GTN, 10 mg/kg), or normal saline. Behaviors (grimace score, head-flicks, rearing, head scratches, facial grooming, lying-on-belly, and temporalis muscle region mechanical withdrawal threshold) were evaluated. Facial cutaneous temperature of the nose and forehead was measured before and after i.p. injections via infrared thermography. Plasma glutamate and calcitonin gene–related peptide concentrations after administration of 1000 mg/kg MSG were measured in anesthetized rats. Monosodium glutamate induced nocifensive, headache-like, and nausea-like behaviors in a dose-related manner but had no effect on mechanical threshold. Monosodium glutamate (1000 mg/kg) induced a significantly greater frequency of headache-like behavior in females but a longer duration of nausea-like behavior in males. Monosodium glutamate produced a prolonged increase in plasma glutamate and calcitonin gene–related peptide concentrations. Co-administration of the median effective dose of MSG (350 mg/kg) with GTN (10 mg/kg) amplified headache-like behaviors, induced significant craniofacial sensitivity, and produced increased nausea-like behaviour. Co-administration of sumatriptan or naproxen with MSG (1000 mg/kg) significantly attenuated MSG-induced nocifensive and headache-like behaviors. Our data suggest that systemic administration of MSG to rats induces behavioral correlates of headache and nausea. This model may offer another avenue for research on the mechanism and treatment of primary headache disorders such as migraine.
Noninvasive vagus nerve stimulation modulates trigeminal but not extracephalic somatosensory perception: functional evidence for a trigemino-vagal system in humans
Authors: Peng Kuan-Po , May Arne 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Noninvasive vagus nerve stimulation (nVNS) is effective in several types of headache disorders. We sought to unravel the mechanism of how nVNS exhibits this efficacy. This study used a randomized, single-blind, sham-controlled, crossover design and comprised 3 projects with 3 independent cohorts of healthy participants. Project I (n = 15) was explorative. Six quantitative sensory test parameters, including mechanical pain threshold (MPT), were measured over the left V1 dermatome and forearm and compared before and after unilateral nVNS. Projects II (n = 20) and III (n = 21) were preregistered online (https://osf.io/r4jb9). Quantitative sensory test parameters were compared over the left (Project II) or bilateral V1 and V3 dermatomes (Project III), respectively, in addition to the left forearm as a control. A secondary analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) using a historical control group was used to control for systemic effects of nVNS. Verum-nVNS induced trigeminal-specific modulation of pain threshold (ie, MPT) over the left V1 in Project I, left V1 and V3 in Project II, and bilateral V1 and V3 in Project III. Data pooled from Projects II and III demonstrated a greater increase in MPT in the V1 vs V3 dermatome. There were no differences associated with sham-nVNS in any projects. Heart rate variability parameters did not change after nVNS. Our results provide functional evidence of a long hypothesized functional trigemino-vagal system in humans and may explain why nVNS is effective in some headache disorders but not in somatic pain disorders. Because unilateral nVNS modulated the trigeminal thresholds bilaterally, this effect is probably indirect through a central top-down mechanism.
Prevalence, Demographic Correlates, and Medical Correlates of Cognitive Impairment Among Iranian People Living With HIV: A Cross-sectional Survey Study
Authors: Etesami Maede S. , Jones Deborah L. , Sadeghi-Firoozabadi Vahid , Abbasian Ladan , Ghayomzadeh Morteza , Mohraz Minoo , Vance David E. , Cysique Lucette A. , Asgarabad Mojtaba Habibi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
While taking antiretroviral therapy, 30%–60% of people living with HIV (PLWH) experience neurocognitive impairment (NCI). To determine NCI prevalence among Iranian PLWH, by the computerized Vienna Test System, 63 adults living without HIV and 63 Iranian PLWH aged 18–50 years (M = 35.3, SD = 7.9) were assessed for cognitive function. NCI was determined by receiver operating characteristic curve cutoff points based on the adults living without HIV. Associations between demographics, HIV serostatus markers, and mean T-scores were investigated. Performance differences were tested by including significant covariates in an analysis of covariance. NCI prevalence rates were 57.14% in PLWH and 19.05% in adults living without HIV. Global neurocognitive performance and all cognitive domains were significantly different between the groups, except for visual memory and selective attention. In Iran, NCI prevalence parallels that reported in PLWH worldwide. There should be a strategy to screen Iranian PLWH for NCI.
Dizziness Symptoms, Balance Confidence, and Vestibular Function in Older Women Reporting Dizziness and Unsteadiness
Authors: Lindell Ellen , Kollén Lena , Finizia Caterina 
Published: January 2022

Objective:
The aim of this article is to evaluate older women who report dizziness on a daily or weekly basis, but not seeking medical care for their problems, for levels of patient-reported outcome measures related to dizziness, balance confidence, vestibular impairment, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo walking speed, Timed Up and Go (TUG), balance confidence, depression, and anxiety.

Study Design:
Cross-sectional survey.

Setting:
Secondary referral center.

Patients:
Patients coming for bone density measurements answered questions regarding occurrence of dizziness. Women reporting dizziness on a daily or weekly basis were considered eligible and invited for investigation at the Ear, Nose, and Throat clinic at Södra Älvsborg Hospital, Sweden.

Main Outcome Measure:
Patients completed the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI), Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and were investigated with the video Head Impulse Test, for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, walking speed, and TUG test.

Results:
Fifty-two female patients were enrolled. Associations were found between high levels of DHI and high distress due to dizziness, and low levels of balance confidence and reduced walking speed and TUG test time. Participants with higher DHI levels reported higher levels of both depression and anxiety. No associations were found between levels of DHI and results on vestibular tests.

Conclusion:
Women reporting higher levels of distress due to dizziness had reduced walking speed and reported less balance confidence and higher levels of anxiety and depression. The findings support the theory that DHI captures aspects of overall self-rated wellbeing and function rather than structural vestibular deficits.
Pediatric Emergency Medicine Fellowship Education on Adolescent Sexual Health Care
Authors: Weber Emily , Chao Jennifer , Koyama Atsuko , Sinert Richard 
Published: January 2022

Objectives
Many adolescents use the emergency department as their sole resource for primary care and sexual health care. This provides an opportunity to prevent sexually transmitted infections and unintended pregnancy as well as to educate teenagers about their bodies and sexual health. There is no standard curriculum on sexual health as part of pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) fellowship education. Our goal is to evaluate what is taught in PEM fellowship about adolescent sexual health.

Methods
We administered an anonymous questionnaire to both PEM fellows and program directors (PDs). The questionnaire was distributed through the PEM Program Director Survey Committee. The questionnaire was sent to 88 PDs and 305 fellows total. An introductory email explaining the purpose of the study and a link to the online questionnaire was sent. The questionnaire was created using SurveyMonkey (www.surveymonkey.com). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.

Results
We achieved a 43% survey response rate from PDs (38 of 88) and a 24% survey response rate from fellows (73 of 305). The PD respondents included 61% females, and almost all (86%) are between ages 35 and 54 years. Seventy-three percent of the fellows are female, and they are all between 25 to 44 years old. There was a great deal of variability in the amount of adolescent sexual health education PDs provide their fellows in the form of lectures and bedside teaching cases. A majority of survey respondents (86% of fellows and 66% of the PDs) agreed that there should be a standard PEM curriculum to teach about adolescent sexual health. More than half (53% of PDs and 56% of fellows) are not satisfied with the number of training opportunities for adolescent sexual health.

Conclusions
We found variability in adolescent sexual health training during PEM fellowship, although fellows and PDs agree that there should be a standardized curriculum. We recommend that the American Board of Pediatrics form a committee to decrease variability in the training of PEM fellows on adolescent sexual health.
18F-FDG PET/CT and 99mTc-MIBI SPECT/CT Findings in a Patient With Eosinophilic Solid and Cystic Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Tong Zhenghao , Shen Qi , Sun Hongwei , Zhang Jianhua , Fan Yan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA 26-year-old woman was incidentally discovered to have bilateral renal tumors on ultrasound, and percutaneous biopsy of the right kidney lesion proved eosinophilic solid and cystic renal cell carcinoma.18F-FDG PET/CT demonstrated hyperdense or isodense lesions on CT without FDG uptake, whereas99mTc-MIBI SPECT/CT fusion images showed tumors with increased99mTc-MIBI uptake. This case indicates that the99mTc-MIBI SPECT/CT is a potential method for the differentiation of renal tumor with eosinophilic features from other renal tumor histology.
Association between Vitamin D deficiency and Neurologic Outcomes in Patients after Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Authors: Chae Bora , Shin Yo Sep , Kim Sang Min , Hong Seok-In , Kim Youn-Jung , Ryoo Seung Mok , Kim Won Young 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT

Aim:
We investigated the association between vitamin D deficiency and neurologic outcomes after cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Method:
Data from the prospective cardiac arrest registry in the emergency department between October 2019 and April 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Blood samples were obtained during cardiopulmonary resuscitation wherein 25-hydroxyvitamin D serum levels were analyzed; deficiency was defined as levels < 10 ng/mL. The primary outcome was neurologic outcomes at 3 months assessed using the modified Rankin Scale.

Result:
A total of 195 patients (mean age, 64.5 ± 16.1 years; 135 [69.2%] men) were included. A significantly greater proportion of patients with poor outcomes had vitamin D deficiency compared with those with good outcomes (49.4% vs. 18.2%, P = 0.001). The area under the curve for a sustained return of spontaneous circulation and 3-month poor neurologic outcomes was 0.595 (P = 0.031) and 0.704 (P < 0.001), respectively. In a multivariate analysis, vitamin D deficiency (odds ratio [OR]: 10.22; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.47–70.82, P = 0.019), initial shockable rhythm (OR: 0.03; 95% CI: 0.00–0.84, P = 0.040), low flow time (OR: 1.10; 95% CI: 1.03–1.16, P = 0.003), and thrombocytopenia (OR: 10.66; 95% CI: 1.13–100.41, P = 0.039) were significantly associated with 3-month poor neurologic outcomes.

Conclusion:
The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in patients with cardiac arrest was 44% and was associated with poor neurological outcomes at 3 months.