bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Extrusion Process on Proximate Composition of Water Yam Based Noodles Analogue – A Response Surface Analysis
Authors: Kalu C. E. , Alaka I. C. , Ekwu F. C. , Ikegwu O. J. , Rph Okwara N. 
Published: November 2022

Response surface methodology was used to investigate the effect of extrusion process on proximate composition of noodles analogue from water yam, yellow maize, and African yam bean flour mixture. Flour blend from water yam, yellow maize, and African yam bean were produced and was used to extrude noodles analogue using a brabender single screw laboratory extruder (Duisburg DCE 330 model) fitted with 3.0mm die nozzle diameter. A central composite rotatable design with three variables, namely barrel temperature, feed moisture content and screw speed and five level coded – a, -1, 0, +1,, +a, was used and data analyzed by regression analysis. Results showed that proteins of noodles analogue ranged from 12.40 to 22.16%; fat content ranged from 2.98 to 6.07%; fibre content ranged from 1.80 to 2.52%; ash content ranged from 6.21 to 9.50%; moisture content ranged from 11.05 to 12.47% and carbohydrate content ranged from 48.31% to 63.65% respectively. The coefficients of determinations (R2) were high and ranged from 0.9106 to 0.9747 at 5% level. The response surface plot suggested that the models developed had a good fit and the CCRD was effective in explaining the effect of the process conditions on noodles analogue as influenced by barrel temperature, feed moisture content, and screw speed of the extruder. The data obtained from the study could be used for control of product characteristics. The study indicated that improved noodles analogue produced from available and cheap roots, cereal and legumes such as water yam, yellow maize, and African yam bean can be produced for possible projection for the commercial production of noodles analogue.
Maximizing the Role of the Internal Larval Parasitoid, Meteorus gyrator (Thunberg) in the Open Field as a Biological Control Agent Considering the Effects of Climatic Changes
Authors: Gesraha Mohamed A. , Ebeid Amany R. , Marei Shahira S. , El-Fandary Ola O. , Aly Atef Abdel-Rahman 
Published: November 2022

Background: Members of Braconidae, i.e., Meteorus spp. assault certain lepidopterous larvae in Egyptian fields. The recorded species M.rubens (gregarious) and M.gyrator (solitary) were the most species reared from some lepidopterous larvae attacking various host plants in two chosen Governorates in Egypt through two experimental years. This work aims to increase the parasitizing efficiency of M.gyrator in fields by releasing an impressive number of parasitoid adults.
Methods:

Samples of lepidopteran larvae were picked up from the prevailing plants in fields of El-Ghaebia and El-Sharkia Governorates, for two successive years (2020 to 2021). The prevailing plants are: clover, cabbage, okra, tomato, maize, jew's mallow, bean, soybean, cotton, pea, and lettuce. Collected larvae were reared under optimal conditions until their pupation or in anticipation of the migration of the full-grown endoparasitoid's larvae for pupation.
Parasitoid’s production: Species of some lepidopterous larvae were reared in the NRC laboratory for large-scale manufacturing of the parasitoid Meteorus gyrator.

Results: Acquired results uncover that Agrotis ipsilon was the primary noctuid host larvae of M. rubens during its abundant periods (February-May). While in case of M.gyrator it was recorded in fewer numbers (at its abundant periods, May-August); which was raised from other lepidopteran larvae.
The M. rubens parasitism percentage reached 26.50 and 21.79% at El-Gharbia Governorate through the two experimental years, respectively; whereas in the case of M. gyrator it was 2.25% in the 2nd experimental year only. In El-Sharkia, M. rubens parasitism percentage was 18.60 and 28.60%, respectively throughout the two experimental years; while it was 10.00% for M. gyrator in the first year only.
Conclusion: To boost the productivity of this solitary internal parasitoid as a bio-control agent, it is mandatory to increase its adults population in any field.
Effects of Climate Smart Agriculture Practices on Household Livelihoods in Soy Sub-county Kenya
Authors: Yatich Frankline , Karanja Amon , Obulinji Humphreys 
Published: November 2022

Aims: This study sought to analyze the effects of adoption of Climate Smart Agriculture practices on farmers’ livelihoods in Soy sub County Kenya.
Study Design: The study adopted a cross-sectional descriptive survey research design, specifically use of household questionnaires, and interviewing key informants were used to come up with both quantitative and qualitative data.
Place and Duration of Study: the study was conducted in two sites in Soy sub-County Kenya: Soy and Kipsomba ward. The study was conducted in the period October –December 2019.
Methodology: Structured household questionnaires (N-196) and interviews with Key informant (N-6) were conducted in two agro-ecological zones. Descriptive statistical analysis was used .while results from key informants were used to collect valuable data that was useful in checking the validity of responses obtained through the use of questionnaires.
Results: The study found that 88.7% of the farming households that had adopted CSA practices led to increased yields, 73.46 % of farming households felt that the adoption led to increased income, 7.65 % felt that it has led to employment creation, 4.08 % felt that the adoption led to control of pest and 0.06 % felt that it led to control of weeds. This is an indication that the adoption of Climate Smart Agriculture practices can be the useful approach for mitigating climate variability effects, building more resilient livelihoods, improving food security and alleviating poverty.
Conclusion: in order to improve on the climate variability adaptation smallholder farmers need to adopt more of CSA practices to turn around the of food insecurity threats. The study concludes that the adoption of Climate Smart Agriculture practices positively and negatively influences the livelihoods of farming households in Soy sub- County.
Water oxidation in oxygenic photosynthesis studied by magnetic resonance techniques
Authors: Lubitz Wolfgang , Pantazis Dimitrios A. , Cox Nicholas 
Published: November 2022

The understanding of light‐induced biological water oxidation in oxygenic photosynthesis is of great importance both for biology and (bio)technological applications. The chemically difficult multistep reaction takes place at a unique protein‐bound tetra‐manganese/calcium cluster in photosystem II whose structure has been elucidated by X‐ray crystallography (Umena et al.Nature2011,473, 55). The cluster moves through several intermediate states in the catalytic cycle. A detailed understanding of these intermediates requires information about the spatial and electronic structure of the Mn4Ca complex; the latter is only available from spectroscopic techniques. Here, the important role of Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) and related double resonance techniques (ENDOR, EDNMR), complemented by quantum chemical calculations, is described. This has led to the elucidation of the cluster's redox and protonation states, the valence and spin states of the manganese ions and the interactions between them, and contributed substantially to the understanding of the role of the protein surrounding, as well as the binding and processing of the substrate water molecules, the O‐O bond formation and dioxygen release. Based on these data, models for the water oxidation cycle are developed.
First isolation of Carnobacterium maltaromaticum from farmed Rainbow Trout in Virginia
Authors: Smith Stephen A. , Newman Shelley J. , Harrison Courtney E. , Loch Thomas P. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Objective
Carnobacterium maltaromaticum is considered an emerging pathogen of salmonids in the United States and around the world.

Methods
Bacterial cultures obtained from the posterior kidney and skin of moribund Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss from a commercial aquaculture facility in Virginia, USA, grew C. maltaromaticum, which was confirmed by additional phenotypic and molecular characterization.

Result
A presumptive diagnosis based on the clinical signs, necropsy observations, histopathology, and bacterial cultures was bacterial septicemia due to C. maltaromaticum.

Conclusion
This represents the first documentation of C. maltaromaticum in Rainbow Trout from Virginia.
Exploring predictors of aggressive intrusive thoughts and aggressive scripts: Similarities and differences in phenomenology
Authors: Fernandez Stephanie J. , Daffern Michael , Moulding Richard , Nedeljkovic Maja 
Published: November 2022

AbstractExperiencing a thought about harming or injuring another person is commonly reported by the general population. Aggressive intrusive thoughts (AITs) and aggressive scripts are two constructs commonly used to define the experience of thinking about harming another person. However, they are generally investigated separately and with two significantly different population groups; respectively, individuals with obsessive‐compulsive disorder and people with a history of violent behavior. AITs and aggressive scripts are assumed to have very different implications for violence risk assessment, but conceptual overlap and an absence of empirical research renders this assumption premature. Using a battery of self‐report measures, this study aimed to investigate the differential predictors of AITs and aggressive script rehearsal in a nonclinical sample. Additionally, using regression analyses, the predictors of self‐reported aggressive behavior were explored in a sample of 412 adults (73% females; Mage = 31.96 years, SD = 11.02). Violence‐supportive beliefs and frequency of anger rumination predicted the frequency of aggressive script rehearsal, and aggressive script rehearsal, anger rumination, and violence‐supportive beliefs predicted a history of aggressive behavior. In contrast, obsessive beliefs were predictive of AITs, and only AITs were related to ego‐dystonicity. Both AITs and aggressive script rehearsal were related to the use of thought control strategies. These findings support the contributions that maladaptive beliefs have in the experience of aggressive scripts and AITs. Beliefs about violence, a history of aggressive behavior, and ego‐dystonicity appear to differentiate aggressive scripts from AITs.
How to Select Phase Change Materials for Tuning Condensation and Frosting?
Authors: Chatterjee Rukmava , Chaudhari Umesh , Anand Sushant 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSynthetic surfaces engineered to regulate phase transitions of matter and exercise control over its undesired accrual (liquid or solid) play a pivotal role in diverse industrial applications. Over the years, the design of repellant surfaces has transitioned from solely modifying the surface texture and chemistry to identifying novel material systems. In this study, selection criteria are established to identify bio‐friendly phase change materials (PCMs) from an extensive library of vegetable‐based/organic/essential oils that can thermally respond by harnessing the latent heat released during condensation and thereby delaying ice/frost formation in the very frigid ambient that is detrimental to its functionality. Concurrently, a comprehensive investigation is conducted to elucidate the relation between microscale heat transport phenomena during condensation and the resulting macroscopic effects (e.g., delayed droplet freezing) on various solidified PCMs as a function of their inherent thermo‐mechanical properties. In addition, to freeze protection, many properties that are responsive to the thermal reflex of the surface, such as the ability to dynamically tune optical transparency, moisture harvesting, ice shedding, and quick in‐field repairability, are achievable, resulting in the development of protective coatings capable of spanning a wide range of functionalities and thereby having a distinctive edge over conventional solutions.
Superior High‐Temperature Energy Density in Molecular Semiconductor/Polymer All‐Organic Composites
Authors: Zhang Bin , Chen Xiao‐ming , Pan Zhe , Liu Peng , Mao Minmin , Song Kaixin , Mao Zhu , Sun Rong , Wang Dawei , Zhang Shujun 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHigh‐temperature dielectric polymers are in constant demand for the multitude of high‐power electronic devices employed in hybrid vehicles, grid‐connected photovoltaic and wind power generation, to name a few. There is still a lack, however, of dielectric polymers that can work at high temperature (> 150 °C). Herein, a series of all‐organic dielectric polymer composites have been fabricated by blending the n‐type molecular semiconductor 1,4,5,8‐naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (NTCDA) with polyetherimide (PEI). Electron traps are created by the introduction of trace amounts of n‐type small molecule semiconductor NTCDA into PEI, which effectively reduces the leakage current and improves the breakdown strength and energy storage properties of the composite at high temperature. Especially, excellent energy storage performance is achieved in 0.5 vol.% NTCDA/PEI at the high temperatures of 150 and 200 °C, e.g., ultrahigh discharge energy density of 5.1 J cm−3 at 150 °C and 3.2 J cm−3 at 200 °C with high discharge efficiency of 85–90%, which is superior to its state‐of‐the‐art counterparts. This study provides a facile and effective strategy for the design of high‐temperature dielectric polymers for advanced electronic and electrical systems.
Cerium‐Modified Mesoporous Antimony Doped Tin Oxide as Intercalation‐Free Charge Storage Layers for Electrochromic Devices
Authors: Klein Jonas , Alarslan Fatih , Steinhart Martin , Haase Markus 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCharge storage layers are an important component of electrochromic devices, which are expected to exhibit high storage capacity and transparency as well as fast electron transfer rates. However, these layers often rely on the (de)intercalation of ions into the crystal lattice of the material and therefore require optimization to be compatible with non‐intercalating electrolytes. In this report, the post‐modification of mesoporous antimony‐doped tin oxide (ATO) nanoparticle layers with a redox‐active cerium compound is described. In particular, the switching of the Ce3+/Ce4+ couple on the conductive nanoparticle scaffold is demonstrated using tetrabutylammonium perchlorate as a non‐intercalating electrolyte. Remarkably, high storage capacities of up to 27 mC cm−2 and transmittance values of ≈90% are achieved. Variation of the antimony doping concentration revealed that nanoparticle layers doped with 15% Sb exhibit the highest capacity, which can be attributed to increased conductivity in the potential range where the Ce3+ ions are oxidized. Finally, the cerium‐modified ATO films show promising performance as charge storage layers in an electrochromic device with a viologen‐anchored ATO layer as the electrochromic working electrode. Switching times of ≈0.4 s highlight the fast electron transfer capability of the cerium‐decorated ATO layer, even when a non‐intercalating electrolyte is used.
A Low‐Cost and Recyclable Mg/SOCl2 Primary Battery Via Synergistic Solvation and Kinetics Regulation
Authors: Xu Qiuchen , Geng Shitao , Yuan Bin , Liao Meng , Ye Lei , Zhao Xiaoju , Wang Yan , Zhang Xiao , Wang Shuo , Qu Zongtao , Miao Han , Yang Zhibin , Gao Yue , Wang Bingjie , Zhou Yongfeng , Peng Huisheng , Sun Hao 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLithium/thionyl chloride (Li/SOCl2) primary batteries are appealing power solutions because of their remarkable electrochemical performances. However, their mass applications are hindered by the challenges in sustainability, cost and safety concerns owing to the employed Li chemistry. Here, magnesium (Mg) chemistry is shown as a promising alternative through synergistic optimization of electrolyte solvation and electrode reaction kinetics. The first Mg/SOCl2 primary battery yields surprisingly high specific capacities up to ≈14 000 mAh g−1 at a decent discharge voltage of ≈1.67 V, which outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art Mg‐based primary batteries. In addition, it retains almost 100% of the original capacity after 20‐day reservation. The impressive battery performances are originated from the stabilized MgCl2 formation on high‐surface‐area carbon cathode and suppressed Mg anode corrosion via the Mg‐induced solvation effect. Mg/SOCl2 primary batteries are promising candidates for low‐cost and recyclable power supplies, and they thus open new avenues for the development of sustainable battery chemistries.
Low‐Cost Zinc Substitution of Iron‐Based Prussian Blue Analogs as Long Lifespan Cathode Materials for Fast Charging Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Hang , Peng Jian , Li Lin , Zhao Yanan , Gao Yun , Wang Jiazhao , Cao Yuliang , Dou Shixue , Chou Shulei 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIron‐based Prussian blue analogs (Fe‐PBAs) are extensively studied as promising cathode materials for rechargeable sodium‐ion batteries owing to their high theoretical capacity, low‐cost and facile synthesis method. However, Fe‐PBAs suffer poor cycle stability and low specific capacity due to the low crystallinity and irreversible phase transition during excess sodium‐ion storage. Herein, a modified co‐precipitation method to prepare highly crystallized PBAs is reported. By introducing an electrochemical inert element (Zn) to substitute the high‐spin Fe in the Fe‐PBAs (ZnFeHCF‐2), the depth of charge/discharge is rationally controlled to form a highly reversible phase transition process for sustainable sodium‐ion storage. Minor lattice distortion and highly reversible phase transition process of ZnFeHCF‐2 during the sodium‐ions insertion and extraction are proved by in‐situ tests, which have significantly impacted the cycling stability. The ZnFeHCF‐2 shows a remarkably enhanced cycling performance with capacity retention of 58.5% over 2000 cycles at 150 mA g−1 as well as superior rate performance up to 6000 mA g−1 (fast kinetics). Furthermore, the successful fabrication of the full cell on the as‐prepared cathode and commercial hard carbon anode demonstrates their potential as high‐performance electrode materials for large‐scale energy storage systems.
Embedded 3D Printing of Multimaterial Polymer Lattices via Graph‐Based Print Path Planning
Authors: Weeks Robert D. , Truby Ryan L. , Uzel Sebastien G. M. , Lewis Jennifer A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRecent advances in computational design and 3D printing enable the fabrication of polymer lattices with high strength‐to‐weight ratio and tailored mechanics. To date, 3D lattices composed of monolithic materials have primarily been constructed due to limitations associated with most commercial 3D printing platforms. Here, freeform fabrication of multi‐material polymer lattices via embedded three‐dimensional (EMB3D) printing is demonstrated. An algorithm is developed first that generates print paths for each target lattice based on graph theory. The effects of ink rheology on filamentary printing and the effects of the print path on resultant mechanical properties are then investigated. By co‐printing multiple materials with different mechanical properties, a broad range of periodic and stochastic lattices with tailored mechanical responses can be realized opening new avenues for constructing architected matter.
In Situ Confinement of Ultrasmall Metal Nanoparticles in Short Mesochannels for Durable Electrocatalytic Nitrate Reduction with High Efficiency and Selectivity
Authors: Xu Hui , Chen Junliang , Zhang Zhenghao , Hung Chin‐Te , Yang Jianping , Li Wei 
Published: November 2022

AbstractElectrocatalytic reduction is a sustainable approach for NO3− removal and high‐value N‐containing compounds manufacturing, which, however, is strongly obstructed by sluggish kinetics, low selectivity, and poor stability. Herein, the in situ confinement of ultrasmall CuPd alloy nanoparticles in mesochannels of conductive core–shell structured carbon nanotubes@mesoporous carbon substrates (CNTs@mesoC@CuPd) via a simple molecule‐mediated interfacial assembly method is reported. As a catalyst for electrocatalytic NO3− reduction, the CNTs@mesoC@CuPd shows a splendid conversion efficiency (100%), N2 selectivity (98%), cycling stability (>30 days), and removal capacity as high as 30 000 mg N g−1 CuPd, which are much superior to most of the prior reports. Notably, experimental (in situ testing and isotopic labeling) and theoretical results unveil that bimetallic and monometallic catalysts for electrocatalytic NO3− reduction exhibit exclusive selectivity for N2 and NH3, respectively. This in situ confinement strategy is universal for the synthesis of stable and highly accessible metallic catalysts, which opens an appealing way to synthesize advanced catalysts with high activity, selectivity, and stability.
From Nanoscopic to Macroscopic Materials by Stimuli‐Responsive Nanoparticle Aggregation
Authors: Liu Mingqian , Yang Man , Wan Xizi , Tang Zhiyong , Jiang Lei , Wang Shutao 
Published: November 2022

AbstractStimuli‐responsive nanoparticle (NP) aggregation plays an increasingly important role in regulating NP assembly into microscopic superstructures, macroscopic 2D, and 3D functional materials. Diverse external stimuli are widely used to adjust the aggregation of responsive NPs, such as light, temperature, pH, electric, and magnetic fields. Many unique structures based on responsive NPs are constructed including disordered aggregates, ordered superlattices, structural droplets, colloidosomes, and bulk solids. In this review, the strategies for NP aggregation by external stimuli, and their recent progress ranging from nanoscale aggregates, microscale superstructures to macroscale bulk materials along the length scales as well as their applications are summarized. The future opportunities and challenges for designing functional materials through NP aggregation at different length scales are also discussed.
Ultra‐Low Resistivity Copper Mesh as Embedded Current Collector Layer for Inkjet‐Printed Flexible Electrochromic Device Realizing Fast Response and Uniform Coloration
Authors: Hu Zishou , Tang Xueqing , Chen Xiaolian , Huang Chenchao , Xu Wenya , Nie Shuhong , Zhao Zhigang , Wu Xinzhou , Su Wenming , Cui Zheng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFlexible electrochromic devices (FECDs) hold great promise for energy‐saving static displays. As the most widely used flexible transparent electrode (FTE) material for FECDs, the indium tin oxide (ITO) coated on polyethylene terephthalate (PET‐ITO) suffers from relatively high sheet resistance which can cause nonuniform coloration during the device operation, hindering the development of large‐area FECDs. Herein, a hybrid FTE is developed in which an additional copper (Cu) mesh as an embedded current collector layer underneath the ITO film to achieve ultra‐low sheet resistance (<0.2 Ω □−1) compared to that of PET‐ITO (≈35 Ω □−1). The figure of merit (FoM) of the fabricated Cu mesh‐ITO is calculated to be 9500, nearly 200 times better than that of PET‐ITO. A binary‐solvent ink of electrochromic polymer (ECP‐magenta) is also developed to realize the patterning of FECDs via the inkjet‐printing method. Consequently, the inkjet‐printed FECD exhibits a fast response (≤1.2/1.9 s for coloration/bleaching) and excellent stability (less than 15% degradation after 50 000 switching cycles). In addition, uniform coloration is realized within 1 s on a 10 × 10 cm2 large size FECD, indicating great promise for Cu mesh‐ITO as a new FTE material to replace PET‐ITO for large‐area FECDs.