bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An emerging scripta explains variation in the negative particlespasandmiein Old French
Authors: Balla-Johnson William 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study uses corpus data and analytical statistics to analyze the negative reinforcer particlespasandmiein medieval French. This paper first undertakes a survey of the chronological and geographical distribution of the particlespasandmie, and then a variation analysis of the use of these two negative reinforcer particles to better understand the use of reinforced French negation between 1100 and 1505. The historical findings, namely the loss of writtenmie, compared with the modern dialectal negation (spokenmiemaintained in the dialects of the northeastern francophone regions) suggest that the disappearance of writtenmiecorresponds with a shift in written norms during the fourteenth century rather than a change in the spoken language. Specifically, the observed written change in negative reinforcer particles is hypothesized as attributable to the fourteenth century expansion of a supra-regional scripta originating in Paris.
Genomic landscape of sporadic pediatric differentiated thyroid cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Satapathy Swayamjeet , Bal Chandrasekhar 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Differentiated thyroid cancers (DTCs) in the paediatric population differ from that of their adult counterparts in terms of clinicopathological characteristics and treatment outcomes. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to comprehensively evaluate the prevalence of various genetic alterations underlying the pathogenesis of sporadic paediatric DTCs.

Methods
This study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Systematic searches were made on the PubMed and Embase databases using relevant keywords, and articles published until October 15, 2021 were selected. Data on the prevalence of various genetic alterations were extracted from the individual articles. Random-effects model was employed for meta-analysis to generate pooled estimates and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).

Results
Thirty-three articles comprising 1,380 paediatric patients were included. RET rearrangement (pooled prevalence: 24.4%, 95% CI: 19.1–30.1) was observed to be the most common genetic alteration in sporadic paediatric DTCs, closely followed by BRAF point mutation (pooled prevalence: 21.2%, 95% CI: 17.2–25.5). Other common alterations included: NTRK rearrangement (pooled prevalence: 13.5%, 95% CI: 9.5–17.9) and DICER1 mutation (pooled prevalence: 12.5%, 95% CI: 3.6–25.7). RAS and TERT mutations were observed to be relatively uncommon (pooled prevalence: 5.7%, 95% CI: 2.9–9.3, and 2.2%, 95% CI: 0.4–5.5, respectively). There was no evidence of publication bias.

Conclusions
Fusion oncogenes are noted to be the major oncogenic drivers in sporadic paediatric DTCs and underlie their unique behaviour. However, despite the relatively lower frequency of BRAF point mutation compared to adults, it remains a major player in childhood DTCs.
Maneuvering through the treacherous terrains of America’s Colleges/Schools of Education
Authors: Obi Sunday O. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Some aspiring African students prefer to travel “abroad” or overseas for example, the United States, Canada, Germany, France, and other developed countries to further their careers. This was a common practice for well-to-do families. To be more specific, some rich families in Nigeria tend to overlook higher institutions in their country. In my case, my dad inspired me, many decades ago, about travelling overseas to study. I was probably 12 years old when he hinted to me that his wish was for me to study overseas even though he did not mention any particular country. Ever since my dad indicated that desire, I accepted his wish until it came into fruition 20 years later. Specifically, in August 1979, I began my journey to the United States of America. However, while in the foreign land many African students confront multidimensional problems that range from prejudicial perceptions to illusory generalizations. For many Africans, problems include difficulty adjusting to a new cultural environment, xenophobia, misrepresentation, and miscategorization. Despite such problems, they are able to succeed and excel in their chosen professions. In this article, I discuss my experiences while maneuvering the treacherous terrain of America’s Colleges/School of Education.
N-dimensional quintic B-spline functions for solving n-dimensional partial differential equations
Authors: Raslan K. R. , Ali Khalid K. , Al-Jeaid Hind K. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In continuation to what we started from developing the B-spline functions and putting them in n-dimensional to solve mathematical models in n-dimensions, we present in this article a new structure for the quintic B-spline collocation algorithm in n-dimensional. The quintic B-spline collocation algorithm is shown in three different formats: one, two, and three dimensional. These constructs are critical for solving mathematical models in different fields. The proposed method’s efficiency and accuracy are illustrated by their application to a few two- and three-dimensional test problems. We use other numerical methods available in the literature to make comparisons.
Solution of two-dimensional fractional diffusion equation by a novel hybrid D(TQ) method
Authors: Devshali Pratiksha , Arora Geeta 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This work is an experiment to solve the fractional diffusion equation in two dimensions with a novel hybrid method. The method involves an amalgamation of the well-known differential transform method and the differential quadrature method. This work is not about the superiority of one method over the other, instead this is an idea that can be worked upon for possible greatness. Numerical examples are discussed with tables and figures.
Robust synthesis of a composite phase of copper vanadium oxide with enhanced performance for durable aqueous Zn-ion batteries
Authors: Cheng Haoyan , Li Xuerong , Hu Hao , Yuan Tongtong , Zhou Shiqian , Dai Shuge , Zhang Di , Pan Kunming 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Rechargeable aqueous Zn-ion batteries (AZIBs) have attracted much interest as next-generation power sources due to their economical, safe, and capacity superiorities. However, the cathodes used in AZIBs always suffer from sluggish kinetics, inducing inadequate rate performance and poor cycle ability. Pre-intercalating transition metal element in the cathode materials offers an effective strategy for improving diffusion kinetics of Zn2+ and thus the electrochemical activity. In this work, different proportions of Cu pre-intercalated V2O5 were synthesized to form a composite phase of Cu0.4V2O5 and VO2·nH2O nanosheets through the hydrothermal method. The reversible redox reaction of Cu2+ and Cu0, accompanied by the phase changes of copper vanadate and zinc vanadate, contributes to an excellent battery performance. When the molar ratio between Cu precursor and commercial V2O5 in the reaction solution is 1:2, the obtained material presents an outstanding electrochemical performance with the initial discharge capacity of 332 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1. The enlarged lattice distance together with the high conductivity leads to a high Zn ions diffusion rate of 10−5 cm2 s−1. Even after 1,000 cycles at a current density of 2 A g−1, the capacity attenuation is only 0.035% per cycle, exhibiting distinctive activities toward AZIBs.
Growth of Rucola on Mars soil simulant under the influence of pig slurry and earthworms
Authors: Wamelink Gerrit Willem Wieger , Schug Line , Frissel Joep Yolanda , Lubbers Ingrid 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
To feed humans on a future Mars settlement, a sustainable closed agricultural ecosystem is a necessity. On Mars, both the faeces of astronauts as well as any plant residues or other organic waste needs to be (re)used to fertilise the present regolith. The activity of earthworms may play a crucial role in this ecosystem as they break down and recycle the dead organic matter. The contribution of worms to Mars regolith forming is yet an unexplored territory. The first goal of our research was to investigate whether earthworms (Caligonella genus and Dendrobaena veneta) can survive in Mars soil simulant. The second goal was to investigate whether earthworm activity on Mars soil simulant can stimulate the growth of crops, in our case Rucola. The third goal was if earthworm activity can enhance the effect of pig slurry on the growth of Rucola. In a 75-day greenhouse experiment, we sowed Rucola in Mars soil simulant as well as in silver sand as an Earth control, amended with pig slurry, plant residues, and earthworms. During the experimental period, we observed worm activity. At the end of the experiment, the worms had propagated both in the Mars soil simulant and Earth control. However, we found no significant effect of worm activity on plant biomass production. This was probably due to the relative short duration of the experiment, being one life cycle of Rucola. Adding pig slurry stimulated plant growth significantly as expected, especially for the Mars soil simulant.
Present status and prospects of value addition industry for agricultural produce – A review
Authors: Al Hinai Alaa , Jayasuriya Hemantha , Pathare Pankaj B. , Al Shukaili Talal 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Postharvest losses contribute to food shortages and ongoing food insecurity. Value addition in each aspect of agricultural produce creates more quality and adequate demand for the products. However, the growing market demand for quality and consistency in supply requires resources and necessary technical skills. There is a poor linkage between Research and Development institutions and the agro-value addition industry. Shortage of postharvest and value addition technical specialists and inefficient knowledge transfer from research stations to extension services are some constraints for needed outreach activities. Effective extension and training play a vital role in building capacity along the value chain by encouraging proper postharvest activities. In this article, the current postharvest value addition challenges are discussed with a specific focus on Oman. Furthermore, the strategies to be undertaken to enhance value addition processing and the need for increased institutional capacity building and technology transfer to achieve sustainability are discussed. It was recommended that targeted involvement be aimed at for better support for agricultural value addition in Oman.
Fake news during the pandemic times: A Systematic Literature Review using PRISMA
Authors: Awan Tahir Mumtaz , Aziz Mahroz , Sharif Aruba , Ch Tehreem Raza , Jasam Taha , Alvi Yusra 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this systematic literature review is to review the major studies about misinformation and fake news during COVID-19 on social media. A total of 144 articles studies were retrieved from ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Web of Science databases and 20 relevant articles were selected using the PRISMA technique. It was found that altruism, instant news sharing, self-promotion, and socialization are predictors of fake news sharing. Furthermore, the human mind plays a significant role in spreading misinformation while the role of critical thinking of individuals is very much important in controlling the flow of misinformation.
Cone-Driven Retinal Responses Are Shaped by Rod But Not Cone HCN1
Authors: Lankford Colten K. , Umino Yumiko , Poria Deepak , Kefalov Vladimir , Solessio Eduardo , Baker Sheila A. 
Published: April 2022

Signal integration of converging neural circuits is poorly understood. One example is in the retina where the integration of rod and cone signaling is responsible for the large dynamic range of vision. The relative contribution of rods versus cones is dictated by a complex function involving background light intensity and stimulus temporal frequency. One understudied mechanism involved in coordinating rod and cone signaling onto the shared retinal circuit is the hyperpolarization activated current (Ih) mediated by hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated 1 (HCN1) channels expressed in rods and cones.Ihopposes membrane hyperpolarization driven by activation of the phototransduction cascade and modulates the strength and kinetics of the photoreceptor voltage response. We examined conditional knock-out (KO) of HCN1 from mouse rods using electroretinography (ERG). In the absence of HCN1, rod responses are prolonged in dim light which altered the response to slow modulation of light intensity both at the level of retinal signaling and behavior. Under brighter intensities, cone-driven signaling was suppressed. To our surprise, conditional KO of HCN1 from mouse cones had no effect on cone-mediated signaling. We propose thatIhis dispensable in cones because of the high level of temporal control of cone phototransduction. Thus, HCN1 is required for cone-driven retinal signaling only indirectly by modulating the voltage response of rods to limit their output.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHyperpolarization gated hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated 1 (HCN1) channels carry a feedback current that helps to reset light-activated photoreceptors. Using conditional HCN1 knock-out (KO) mice we show that ablating HCN1 from rods allows rods to signal in bright light when they are normally shut down. Instead of enhancing vision this results in suppressing cone signaling. Conversely, ablating HCN1 from cones was of no consequence. This work provides novel insights into the integration of rod and cone signaling in the retina and challenges our assumptions about the role of HCN1 in cones.
Tratamiento de las fracturas de pelvis APCII. Variables que afectan el resultado final
Authors: Rey Moggia Jesús , Chiodini Mauro , Galán Felipe , Amadei Enghelmayer Rafael 
Published: April 2022

Introducción: Las fracturas de pelvis se asocian frecuentemente a un trauma de alta energía. La tasa de mortalidad varía del 5% al 46%. El objetivo de este estudio fue explorar si las variables analizadas se asociaron con el resultado final del tratamiento de las fracturas de pelvis APCII (AO/OTA: 61B2.3).
Materiales y Métodos: Se evaluó a 23 de 79 pacientes luego de aplicarles los criterios de selección. Las fracturas fueron clasificadas, según Young y Burgess, en una radiografía panorámica de pelvis, de entrada y de salida, y tomografía computarizada. Se evaluó el resultado clínico según la escala funcional de Majeed. Las variables evaluadas fueron: tratamiento en la urgencia, lesiones asociadas, días de espera hasta la cirugía, fijación utilizada, reducción posquirúrgica inmediata, infección del sitio quirúrgico.
Resultados: No se halló una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre el tipo de tratamiento realizado en la urgencia, las lesiones asociadas, los días de espera hasta la cirugía y el tipo de fijación, con el resultado final a largo plazo. Los pacientes que tuvieron una reducción posoperatoria inmediata <1 cm y los que no sufrieron una infección del sitio quirúrgico obtuvieron mejores resultados funcionales, de manera estadísticamente significativa.
Conclusión: Las variables calidad de la reducción posquirúrgica inmediata e infección del sitio quirúrgico en pacientes con fractura de pelvis APCII se asocian directamente con los resultados funcional y clínico a largo plazo.
Abordaje intergemelar posteromediano del platillo tibial. Descripción de la técnica quirúrgica
Authors: Beatti Matías Alejo , Zublin Guerra Carlos Miguel , Guichet Diego Martín , Pellecchia Tomás Santiago 
Published: April 2022

Introducción: Se han publicado múltiples abordajes para el tratamiento de las fracturas que involucran las columnas posteriores de los platillos tibiales. Presentamos un abordaje anatómico intergemelar para tratar todas las fracturas con compromiso del componente posterior. Este procedimiento permite el acceso con visualización completa de toda la región posterior facilitando la reducción y colocación del material de osteosíntesis necesario para lograr la configuración más estable. Se describe el abordaje intergemelar posteromediano de acceso al platillo tibial descrito por nuestro equipo.
Conclusiones: Consideramos que esta vía de abordaje representa una opción por tener en cuenta al tratar fracturas que afecten ambas columnas posteriores, alguna de ellas de manera aislada o la inserción tibial del ligamento cruzado posterior. Si bien las estructuras neurovasculares requieren atención constante durante el acto quirúrgico, la visión directa de ellas y su protección meticulosa, realizada por cirujanos experimentados, reduce al mínimo el riesgo de lesión y su manipulación no es una contraindicación para la elección de esta vía.
Erosión de la apófisis coracoides secundaria a osteosíntesis de fractura de clavícula distal. Reporte de un caso
Authors: García Bistolfi Mariano , Brandariz Rodrigo N. , Montenegro Puigdengolas Noelia , Rossi Luciano A. , Tanoira Ignacio , Ranalletta Maximiliano 
Published: April 2022

Introducción: El 10-30% de las fracturas de clavícula ocurren en el tercio distal. El diagnóstico se realiza con radiografías de hombro (de frente y de perfil, y proyección de Zanca). La mayoría de estas fracturas se tratan de forma conservadora, pero aquellas con gran desplazamiento, patrones transversos o conminutos pueden requerir tratamiento quirúrgico debido a la alta tasa de seudoartrosis. Se han descrito diversos tipos de fijación para este grupo de fracturas. Si bien la osteosíntesis con placas logra resultados clínico-funcionales y de consolidación satisfactorios, no está exenta de complicaciones y las más frecuentes son: intolerancia al material de osteosíntesis (hasta un 30%), infección, lesión neurovascular y seudoartrosis. Sin embargo, según nuestro conocimiento, no existen reportes sobre la osteólisis de la apófisis coracoides secundaria a la osteosíntesis con placa LCP en fracturas del tercio distal de la clavícula.
Conclusión: La erosión de la apófisis coracoides debido a la fijación con placa y tornillos es una complicación que no ha sido publicada previamente. Debe tenerse extrema precaución al realizar el túnel óseo y al medir la longitud de los tornillos para evitar potenciales complicaciones.
Enclavado endomedular en fracturas de tibia. ¿Existe una relación entre el punto de entrada para la inserción del clavo y su alineación final?
Authors: Nieto Ignacio H. , Mangupli Martín M. , Allende Bartolomé L. , Pioli Ignacio J. , Gómez José M. 
Published: April 2022

Introducción: Las fracturas de tibia representan aproximadamente el 2% de las fracturas del adulto. El enclavado endomedular es hoy el procedimiento de elección para tratar fracturas diafisarias de tibia; sin embargo, esta técnica no está exenta de complicaciones, la desalineación en el plano coronal es una de las más frecuentes y temidas por los cirujanos. El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la relación entre el punto de entrada del clavo y la desalineación en el plano coronal después de la cirugía.
Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo, observacional, entre enero de 2015 y enero de 2019, de pacientes con fracturas diafisarias de tibia, tratadas con clavo endomedular. Se obtuvieron radiografías en el posquirúrgico inmediato y luego cada dos meses, se tuvo en cuenta la radiografía del octavo mes, en la que se observaban signos francos de consolidación ósea, para valorar la alineación tibial.
Resultados: Cuando el punto de entrada del clavo fue central, hubo apenas un 0,021 de posibilidades (o 2,1%) de alguna desalineación significativa en el posquirúrgico inmediato y luego de 8 meses. En cambio, cuando fue medial, las posibilidades de una tendencia al valgo fueron >0,85 (u 85%) ya al tomar la primera imagen, i.e., poscirugía; y cuando fue lateral, esta posibilidad se modifica y profundiza según el tiempo transcurrido hasta la imagen lograda en el paciente.
Conclusión: Se observó una relación marcada y continua entre el punto de entrada del clavo endomedular y la alineación de la tibia después de la consolidación ósea.
Nonoperative Management of Uncomplicated Appendicitis
Authors: Lipsett Susan C. , Monuteaux Michael C. , Shanahan Kristen H. , Bachur Richard G. 
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Several studies have revealed the success of nonoperative management (NOM) of uncomplicated appendicitis in children. Large studies of current NOM utilization and its outcomes in children are lacking.

METHODS
We queried the Pediatric Health Information System database to identify children &lt;19 years of age with a diagnosis code for appendicitis. We used linear trend analysis to assess the subsequent utilization and outcomes of NOM in children with nonperforated appendicitis over time. We calculated the proportion of children experiencing treatment failure, defined as either a subsequent appendectomy or hospitalization with a diagnosis code of perforated appendicitis.

RESULTS
We identified 117 705 children with appendicitis over the 9-year study period. Of the 73 544 children with nonperforated appendicitis, 10 394 (14.1%) underwent NOM. The odds of NOM significantly increased (odds ratio 1.10 per study quarter, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05–1.15). The 1-year and 5-year failure rates were 18.6% and 23.3%, respectively. Children who experienced failure of NOM had higher rates of perforation at the time of failure than did the general cohort at the time of initial presentation (45.7% vs 37.5%, P &lt; .001). Patients undergoing NOM had higher rates of subsequent related emergency department visits (8.0% vs 5.1%, P &lt; .001) and hospitalizations (4.2% vs 1.4%, P &lt; .001) over a 12-month follow-up period.

CONCLUSIONS
NOM of nonperforated appendicitis in children is increasing. Although the majority of children who undergo NOM remain recurrence-free years later, they carry a substantial risk of perforation at the time of recurrence and may experience a higher rate of postoperative complications than children undergoing an immediate appendectomy.
Life at Four Corners
Authors: Coburn Carol K. 
Published: April 2022

Defined less by geography than by demographic character, Block, Kansas, in many ways exemplifies the prevalent yet seldom-scrutinized ethnic, religion-based community of the rural Midwest. Physically small, the town sprang up around four corners formed by crossroads. Spiritually strong and cohesive, it became the educational and cultural center for generations of German-Lutheran families.	Block provided a religious and cultural oasis-a welcome transition for German-Lutheran immigrants faced with a new language and unfamiliar customs. Yet the tight bond between an ethnic society and a religion that shunned Americanism and the English language paradoxically slowed the transition and maintained a culturally isolated community well into the twentieth century.In Life at Four Corners, Carol Coburn analyzes the powerful combination of those ethnic and religious institutions that effectively resisted assimilation for nearly 80 years only to succumb to the influences of the outside world during the 1930s and 1940s. Emphasizing the formal and informal education provided by the church, school, and family, she examines the total process of how values, identities, and all aspects of culture were transmitted from generation to generation.