bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic variation in hydrogen cyanide potential of perennial sorghum evaluated by colorimetry
Authors: Nakasagga Shakirah , Murray Seth C. , Rooney William L. , Barr Catherine , Nabukalu Pheona , Cox Stan , Hoffmann Leo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBoth annual and perennial sorghum biomass serve as important forage for ruminant animals around the world. Unfortunately, sorghum can produce hydrogen cyanide (HCN), which, if occurring in high enough concentrations, can be toxic or lethal to animals that consume it. The objectives of this study were to develop a fast and inexpensive colorimetric assay to measure the hydrogen cyanide potential (HCN‐P) as well as to compare this with existing visual assays while assessing the range of variation for HCN‐P among perennial and annual sorghum biomass. The HCN‐P of 100 sorghum lines derived from an interspecific hybridization program was determined over 2 years (establishment and regrowth) using both visual and colorimetric assays. Visual assessment underestimated the HCN‐P and was less accurate than colorimetry. Repeatability for HCN‐P across all sampling dates was functionally zero in the visual assessment and low for the colorimetric assay. This was mostly explained by the significant pedigree × year interaction effects and growth stage. Growth stage substantially influenced HCN‐P, which should be considered when feeding animals on fresh forage.
Identifying the role of excited‐state proton transfer and photoinduced electron transfer in detecting hypochlorous acid for a benzothiazole‐based colorimetric fluorescent probe
Authors: Wang Yi , Liu Xiumin , Li Xiaolong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this work, the fluorescence mechanism of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) chemosensor 2‐(20‐hydroxyphenyl) benzothiazole‐4‐(1‐isocyanovinyl)pyridine (JBD) has been investigated by density functional theory (DFT) and time‐dependent DFT (TDDFT) methods. For JBD probe, the potential energy barrier for the forward excited‐state (S1) intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) is 0.71 kcal/mol, while for reversed ESIPT is 8.47 kcal/mol. Due to the keto isomers are stable, the two isomers can be existed in the S1 state. Dual fluorescence of JBD has been observed in the experiment, which is a typical feature for the ESIPT. By analyzing the change of the degree of intramolecular charge transfer (ICT), JBD could undergo a significant geometric rearrangement upon photoexcitation, leading to the large stokes shift. Adding HOCl, the double emission is turned off and the fluorescence disappears. In order to provide the possibility of ICT processes, the charge distribution has been analyzed by hole‐electrons.
Body composition and functional correlates of CF youth experiencing pulmonary exacerbation and recovery
Authors: Boat Thomas , Hente Elizabeth , Hardie William , Szczesniak Rhonda , Gecili Emrah , Zhou Grace , Taylor Jacqueline , Amin Raouf 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundYouth with cystic fibrosis (CF) and pulmonary exacerbation (PEx) often experience weight loss, then rapid weight gain. Little is known about body composition and its relationship to functional outcomes during this critical period.MethodsTwenty CF youth experiencing PEx were assessed on the day following admission and 7–17 days later at discharge for body mass index (BMI), fat mass index (FMI), lean mass index (LMI), skeletal muscle mass index (SMMI), and functional measures: percent predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) (ppFEV1), maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures (MIPs and MEPs), and handgrip strength (HGS). Changes from admission to discharge and correlations among body composition indices and functional measures at both times are reported.ResultsUpon admission, participant BMI percentile and ppFEV1 varied from 2 to 97 and 29 to 113, respectively. Thirteen had an LMI below the 25th percentile and nine had a percent body fat above the 75th percentile. BMI and FMI increased significantly (p = 0.03, 0.003) during hospitalization. LMI and SMMI did not change. FEV1 and MIPS increased (p = 0.0003, 0.007), independent of weight gain, during treatment. HGS did not improve.ConclusionsMany youth with CF, independent of BMI, frequently carried a small muscle mass and disproportionate fat at the time of PEx. During hospital treatment, weight gain largely represented fat deposition; muscle mass and strength did not improve. A need for trials of interventions designed to augment muscle mass and function, and limit fat mass accretion, at the time of PEx is suggested by these observations.
Bullous Pemphigoid in a Patient with a Neuropsychological Disorder and a Possible Novel Drug Trigger: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Dyson Sarah M. , Patel Priya U. , Igali Laszlo , Millington George W. M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A 59-year-old woman with schizoaffective disorder presented with an itchy, blistering generalised rash. One month prior, she had started empagliflozin, a sodium glucose transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor, used in type-2-diabetes. She was already established on paliperidone, an atypical antipsychotic, for 1 year. Serology at presentation was positive for anti-pemphigoid antibodies. Histology demonstrated subepidermal blistering, perivascular inflammation and eosinophils. Direct immunofluorescence was characteristic of bullous pemphigoid (BP), with linear IgG and C3 at the basement membrane. Both empagliflozin and paliperidone were discontinued. However, the blisters persisted. Treatment included: topical Dermovate and Eumovate ointment for the body and face respectively, alongside oral doxycycline 200 mg and prednisolone 40 mg for a week (reducing by 5 mg/week over 8 weeks). Nevertheless, new blisters continued developing, hence dapsone 50 mg was introduced, with significant improvement. Increasingly, several neurological and psychiatric disorders have been linked with BP, complicating aetiology and management. The underlying mechanism for these associations is not fully understood. Bullous pemphigoid autoantigens BP180 and BP230 are expressed in the central nervous system and it is thought that neurodegeneration may expose antigens to the immune system, generating a cross-reactive immune response. However, there also appears to be bidirectional causality between BP and neuropsychological conditions. Furthermore, as there was an association of empagliflozin initiation and BP onset, this further complicates the aetiology and presents a potential novel drug cause of BP. This case emphasises the neuropsychological issues associated with managing complex BP cases, a possible novel cause of drug-induced BP and highlights the likelihood of these issues becoming increasingly prevalent for the future.
Impact of Various Modification Methods on Physicochemical and Functional Properties of Starch: A Review
Authors: Sinhmar Archana , Pathera Ashok Kumar , Sharma Somesh , Nehra Manju , Thory Rahul , Nain Vikash 
Published: October 2022

AbstractStarch is extensively used in food applications for process convenience and to improve the quality of food products at industrial levels. The contemporary research on starch has created lots of scientific information that provides a base for interventions in food formulations using starch as an active ingredient. The native starch has some limitations, i.e., low swelling and solubility, low thermal resistance, low shear rates, etc. Modification of starch results in altered properties of starch. To modify starch, various modification methods such as physical, chemical, enzymatic, and genetic methods are used which enhances the starch applications at the commercial level. In the physical modification of starch, the chemical structure of starch is not affected while in the case of chemical modification there is an introduction of a functional group in starch granules. The modified starches are used in various industries such as food, pharmaceutical, paper, and textile industries. The purpose of this manuscript is to provide a detailed overview of the physicochemical, morphological, and rheological properties of native and modified starch.
Understanding the impact of waste disposal sites on soil quality for agricultural production: A case study of the Kiteezi landfill, Uganda
Authors: Aryampa Shamim , Maheshwari Basant , Sabiiti Elly N. , Namuddu Sophia , Bukenya Brian , Bateganya Najib L 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLeachate from waste disposal sites (WDS) can significantly affect the soil physical, chemical and biological qualities, reducing soil health and agricultural productivity. However, there is a paucity of data on soil quality for understanding soil health impact due to WDS in Uganda. This study's aim was to understand, using the Kiteezi landfill site, how WDS impact soil properties. Soil samples were collected over 4 months in and around the landfill from three locations, and the soil quality data of the nearby area were used as baseline data for assessing the impact on soil due to WDS in the area. There were significant increases in the concentration of all studied parameters at the landfill except total N. The concentrations of ammonium (14.84 ± 1.76 mg/kg), nitrate (127.96 ± 18.36 mg/kg), and pH (7.8) were above the optimum levels. The levels of available P (181.4 ± 28.9 mg/kg) and exchangeable bases; K (2.23 ± 0.24 mg/kg), Na (1.17 ± 0.14 mg/kg), Mg (3.35 ± 0.3 mg/kg) and Ca (14 ± 1.1 mg/kg) cmol (+)/kg were optimal for plant growth. The calculated CEC of 20.75 cmol (+)/kg) showed that soils have a good potential to supply plant nutrients. Heavy metal levels were still below the permissible limit. Hence, the study shows that although WDS may contribute to the increase of soil fertility, they can potentially reduce the overall productivity of soil by increasing nutrient levels beyond optimum levels.
Role of additives in influencing heating and melting of polymers during thermoforming
Authors: Garapati Nagasree , Gupta Rakesh K. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe heating stage in thermoforming of amorphous and semi‐crystalline polymers was analyzed for constant heat flux conditions using an energy balance model; candidate polymers were high impact polystyrene and isotactic polypropylene. Using an analytical solution, temperature differences as large as 100°C were predicted to arise between the surface and the interior of the sheet being thermoformed for conditions chosen in this work, and these can limit the heat flux being used. A Matlab program was used to compute temperature and crystallinity profiles for crystal melting. Melting took almost as much time as required to heat the surface of the film to the crystal melting point. High thermal conductivity additives, such as calcium carbonate and graphene, can provide temperature uniformity, and the additive uniformity can be verified using thermogravimetric analysis. The ability of these additives to provide temperature uniformity and to reduce energy consumption and heating time is determined in a quantitative manner. Both additives improve heat transfer, and, at the same added volume fraction, graphene is more effective. However, calcium carbonate has a lower cost. The role of density, specific heat, thermal conductivity, and amount of the polymers and additives in influencing temperature and crystallinity profiles was explored, and methods of carrying out thermoforming in an energy efficient manner are proposed.
Distributional regression modeling via generalized additive models for location, scale, and shape: An overview through a data set from learning analytics
Authors: Marmolejo‐Ramos Fernando , Tejo Mauricio , Brabec Marek , Kuzilek Jakub , Joksimovic Srecko , Kovanovic Vitomir , González Jorge , Kneib Thomas , Bühlmann Peter , Kook Lucas , Briseño‐Sánchez Guillermo , Ospina Raydonal 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe advent of technological developments is allowing to gather large amounts of data in several research fields. Learning analytics (LA)/educational data mining has access to big observational unstructured data captured from educational settings and relies mostly on unsupervised machine learning (ML) algorithms to make sense of such type of data. Generalized additive models for location, scale, and shape (GAMLSS) are a supervised statistical learning framework that allows modeling all the parameters of the distribution of the response variable with respect to the explanatory variables. This article overviews the power and flexibility of GAMLSS in relation to some ML techniques. Also, GAMLSS' capability to be tailored toward causality via causal regularization is briefly commented. This overview is illustrated via a data set from the field of LA.This article is categorized under:
Application Areas > Education and Learning
Algorithmic Development > Statistics
Technologies > Machine Learning
Use of live streaming systems in field‐based learning
Authors: McCay Shelby D. , Lopez Roel R. , Sansom April C. , Farrell Christina M. , Holmes Jared M. , Lopez Angelica , Cathey James C. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractField‐based learning is a key element in wildlife management curriculum as it is a valuable teaching tool for natural resource topics. There are multiple constraints that restrict use of field‐based learning techniques in wildlife programs that have been complicated by the COVID‐19 pandemic. Many academic programs were forced to rapidly transition to online instruction, but despite these difficulties, there was a need to provide interactive, in the field learning opportunities for students. This necessity resulted in the development of a live streaming system to provide an interactive learning experience (Leopold Live!). In this case study, we describe the technology used in Leopold Live! to augment an online, wildlife habitat management course at Texas A&M University, and the associated challenges and adjustments needed to improve delivery in the future. We conclude that Leopold Live! serves as a potential method to meet the challenge of providing interactive, field‐based learning in a distance education setting.
Hybrid surveying of radiation and magnetic impacts on Maxwell fluid with MWCNT nanotube influence of two wire loops
Authors: Fatehinasab Reza , Shafiee Hamid , Afshari Mohammad , Pasha Pooya 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this paper, the effects of Maxwell nanoliquid transmission with MWCNT nanotube are investigated over two circular wires with opposite currents and a stretching sheet. The innovation of this paper is the examination of MWCNT nanotube temperature and nanofluid velocity and also magnetic potential and magnetic effect in the three different places of two circular wires on the sheet. The finite element method is utilized for calculating differential equations. By increasing the distance from two wires on the stretching sheet, the amount of MWCNT nanotube temperature increased, and a large vortex forms at the bottom of the sheet. Overall, the MWCNT nanotube velocity around the two circular wires at the beginning of the sheet is 46.09% higher than the middle of the sheet and 20% higher than the end of the sheet, also the MWCNT nanotube magnetic potential around the two circular wires at the beginning of the sheet is 13.40% higher than the middle of the sheet and 23% higher than the end of the sheet. The second part of the essay relates to the using response surface methodology (RSM) method in the Design‐Expert software. Based on the results obtained from the MWCNT nanotube velocity graphs and the heat transfer cantors, and magnetism effects in the Design‐Expert software, the best optimization occurred for u = 0.07, T = 1.15, and H = 4.531.
A Historical Lineage of Sad and Mad Women
Authors: Thelandersson Fredrika 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWomen’s affective states have a long history of being pathologized under names like neurasthenia, hysteria, and schizophrenia. In culture, the sad and mad woman has appeared as various popular figures: the Victorian madwoman, the hysteric, the schizophrenic, and the Prozac-consuming American woman of the 1990s, to name a few. This chapter traces a brief history of how women’s mental health has been pathologized in the American and European West, and accounts for feminist interpretations of these various pathologizations. I hope to show that mental illness diagnoses are neither completely discursive (socially and linguistically constructed) nor fixed neurological truths (biological facts of life that always look the same), but emerge and take shape in a complex interplay between sociocultural discourses and an ever-developing medical science.
Social Media Sadness: Sad Girl Culture and Radical Ways of Feeling Bad
Authors: Thelandersson Fredrika 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis chapter turns to social media platforms and looks at the figure of the sad girl as she emerged online as an indirect response to a popular culture overtly focused on happiness. It discusses how she appeared on primarily Tumblr and Instagram, exploring the general sad girl discourses on these platforms as well as some examples that received extra attention. These include the artist Audrey Wollen and her sad girl theory, the girl group Sad Girls Y Qué, the Instagram club Sad Girls Club, the social media brand My Therapist Says, and prominent Instagram accounts. Here I look at the critical and acritical tendencies within the figure, acknowledging both the potentially subversive aspects of the activist-oriented sad girls and the more commercialized versions of popular sad girls. This chapter explores how Tumblr sad girls might be seen as resting in sadness; how relatability is employed as a political strategy by some Instagram sad girls; the ambivalence of normalization; and the limits of using commercial social media platforms for meaningful social action.
Conclusion
Authors: Thelandersson Fredrika 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis final chapter is a conclusion that discusses how, across the three sites, conversations around depression, anxiety, and general mental illness have taken shape post-2008. By tying together the constructions of mental health in magazines, among celebrities, and on social media, the conclusion highlights how a changing media landscape and neoliberal calls for self-optimization have made way for a profitable vulnerability that exists in tension with more radical understandings of psychic wellbeing. I end the chapter with a brief contemplation about the future of mediated mental health.
An equivalent formulation of 0-closed sesquilinear forms
Authors: Corso Rosario 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn 1970, McIntosh introduced the so-called 0-closed sesquilinear forms and proved a corresponding representation theorem. In this paper, we give a simple equivalent formulation of 0-closed sesquilinear forms. The main underlying idea is to consider minimal pairs of non-negative dominating forms.
Seasonally variable interactions between dissolved organic matter and mineral particles in an agricultural river
Authors: Groeneveld Marloes , Kothawala Dolly N. , Tranvik Lars J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractStreams and rivers form an important link in the global carbon cycle by transporting and transforming large amounts of carbon imported from terrestrial ecosystems to the oceans. Since streams in agricultural areas often experience increased concentrations of suspended mineral particles from soil erosion, they are important sites where dissolved organic carbon (DOC) may be adsorbed to particles and retained in the sediment. As the extent of adsorption varies with the molecular composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM), which is seasonally variable, we expect also the fraction of organic material that adsorbs to mineral particles to fluctuate over time. We sampled the agriculturally impacted River Fyrisån (Sweden) monthly during 1 year, and measured DOC concentration and DOM composition based on several optical properties. At each sampling occasion, we estimated the potential for adsorption by exposing the samples to a reference clay. The potential for adsorption was greatest when riverine DOM had the most terrestrial character, as this fraction of the DOM pool was selectively adsorbed to clay surfaces. The extent of adsorption was negatively related to the concentration of base cations, most notably calcium. We suggest that the observed relationships between the potential for adsorption, DOM composition and base cations are linked by discharge. A bioavailability test at one sampling occasion suggested that DOM remaining after exposure to clay particles was more biodegradable. This implies that adsorption may alter the degradation potential of DOM remaining in solution, which could have far reaching effects on the fate of organic carbon.
Identification and validation of a key genomic region on chromosome 6 for resistance to Fusarium stalk rot in tropical maize
Authors: Rashid Zerka , Babu Veerendra , Sharma Shyam Sundar , Singh Pradeep Kumar , Nair Sudha Krishnan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Key message
A key genomic region was identified for resistance to FSR at 168 Mb on chromosome 6 in GWAS and haplotype regression analysis, which was validated by QTL mapping in two populations.

Abstract
Fusarium stalk rot (FSR) of maize is an economically important post-flowering stalk rot (PFSR) disease caused by Fusarium verticillioides. The pathogen invades the plant individually, or in combination with other stalk rot pathogens or secondary colonizers, thereby making it difficult to make accurate selection for resistance. For identification and validation of genomic regions associated with FSR resistance, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted with 342 maize lines. The panel was screened for FSR in three environments using standard artificial inoculation methodology. GWAS using the mixed linear model corrected for population structure and kinship was done, in which 290,626 SNPs from genotyping-by-sequencing were used. A total of 7 SNPs, five on chromosome 6 showing strong LD at 168 Mb, were identified to be associated with FSR. Haplotype regression analysis identified 32 haplotypes with a significant effect on the trait. In a QTL mapping experiment in two populations for validating the identified variants, QTLs were identified with confidence intervals having overlapped physical coordinates in both the populations on chromosome 6, which was closely located to the GWAS-identified variants on chromosome 6. It makes this genomic region a crucial one to further investigate the possibility of developing trait markers for deployment in breeding pipelines. It was noted that previously reported QTLs for other stalk rots in maize mapped within the same physical intervals of several haplotypes identified for FSR resistance in this study. The possibility of QTLs controlling broad-spectrum resistance for PFSR in general requires further investigation.