bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SPI “sandwich”: Combined SUMO‐Peptide‐Intein expression system and isolation procedure for improved stability and yield of peptides
Authors: Lamer Tess , van Belkum Marco J. , Wijewardane Anjalee , Chiorean Sorina , Martin‐Visscher Leah A. , Vederas John C. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRecombinant peptide production in Escherichia coli is often accomplished through cloning and expression of a fusion protein. The fusion protein partner generally has two requirements: (a) it contains an affinity tag to assist with purification and (b) it can be cleaved off to leave only the desired peptide sequence behind. Common soluble fusion partners include small ubiquitin‐like modifier protein (SUMO), maltose‐binding protein (MBP), glutathione S‐transferase (GST), or intein proteins. However, heterologously expressed peptides can suffer from proteolytic degradation or instability. This degradation can pose a major issue for applications requiring a large amount of purified peptide, such as NMR structural assignments or biochemical assays. Improving peptide yield by testing various expression and isolation conditions requires a significant amount of effort and may not lead to improved results. Here, we cloned and expressed four different peptides as SUMO fusion proteins. These peptides (lactococcin A, leucocin A, faerocin MK, neopetrosiamide A) were truncated during expression and isolation as SUMO fusions, resulting in low yields of purified peptide. To prevent this degradation and improve yield, we designed a new expression system to create a “sandwiched” fusion protein of the form: His6‐SUMO‐peptide‐intein (SPI). These sandwiched peptides were more stable and protected against degradation, resulting in improved yields (up to 17‐fold) under a set of standard expression and isolation procedures. This SPI expression system uses only two commercially available vectors and standard protein purification techniques, and therefore may offer an economical and facile route to improve yields for peptides that undergo degradation.
Structural and functional characterization of TrmM in m6A modification of bacterial tRNA
Authors: Jeong Hyeonju , Lee Yeji , Kim Jungwook 
Published: April 2022

AbstractN6‐methyladenosine (m6A), widely distributed in both coding and noncoding RNAs, regulates the epigenetic signals and RNA metabolism in eukaryotes. Although this posttranscriptional modification is frequently observed in messenger and ribosomal RNA, it is relatively rare in transfer RNA. In Escherichia coli, TrmM encoded by yfiC is the tRNA‐specific N6 methyltransferase, which modifies the A37 residue of tRNAVal (cmo5UAC) using S‐adenosyl‐l‐methionine as a methyl donor. However, the structure–function relationship of this enzyme is not completely understood. In this report, we determined two x‐ray crystal structures of Mycoplasma capricolum TrmM with and without S‐adenosyl‐l‐homocysteine, which is a reaction product. We also demonstrated the cellular and in vitro activities of this enzyme in the m6A modification of tRNA and the requirement of a divalent metal ion for its function, which is unprecedented in other RNA N6 methyltransferases, including the E. coli TrmM. Our results reveal that the dimeric form of M. capricolum TrmM is important for efficient tRNA binding and catalysis, thereby offering insights into the distinct substrate specificity of the monomeric E. coli homolog.
Addressing the raven food subsidy challenge by engaging restaurants to close their dumpsters
Authors: Ocañas Alejandrina R. , Danoff‐Burg James A. , Mulroe Kyle , Walton Sonora R. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRavens have benefitted from resource subsidies provided by humans so much that their population has increased by over 800% in the western Mojave desert over the last 50 years. Our food waste is an especially large subsidy. Raven predation is one of the greatest threats to desert tortoise survival in the California desert. We sought to create and evaluate a behavioral change program among restaurants in Yucca Valley and Twentynine Palms, California in the western Mojave with elevated raven populations. Half of the 60 restaurants in these two communities received an intervention encouraging them to close their dumpsters while the other half served as controls with no intervention. Treatment restaurants received two in‐person visits to discuss the manifold importance of dumpster closure and laminated information signs to display and extend communication to staff. We surveyed all dumpsters for open/closed status five times before the intervention and five times again 3 months after the intervention. We found a significant increase in closure rates among treatment restaurants due to the interventions, with an average of 9.5% increase toward maximum possible lid closure. Restaurants achieving 80%+ closure received “Gold Star Awards” to further stimulate community‐wide behavior change by publicly recognizing and encouraging desired behaviors. We summarize dumpster closure rates from similar interventions in nearby Joshua Tree and across the Coachella Valley to illustrate how local social norms may influence behavior.
The Shadow Economy and the Street World as a Migration Arena
Authors: Urinboyev Rustamjon , Eraliev Sherzod 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAccording to the 2021 Rule of Law Index, one of the leading global indicators on the rule of law published annually by the World Justice Project, Russia and Turkey ranked 101st and 117th, respectively, among 139 countries (WJP. Rule of Law Index 2021 [online]. https://worldjusticeproject.org/our-work/research-and-data/wjp-rule-law-index-2021, 2021). The low positions of these two countries in the Rule of Law Index is unsurprising given that both Russia and Turkey are non-democracies where law enforcement remains arbitrary, corruption and shadow economic transactions proliferate, civil society’s capacity is constrained by legal and administrative restrictions and respect for and observance of human rights is poor.
Über den Forschungsstand zur Fragestellung
Authors: Logeswaran Araththy 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungDiskriminierung kann unterschiedlich erforscht werden. Grundsätzlich können drei Forschungsansätze unterschieden werden (vgl. Beigang et al. 2017: 19), wenn der Fokus primär auf die Diskriminierten gerichtet wird: Erstens kann untersucht werden, wie sich der Zugang zu ausgewählten Ressourcen zwischen Personengruppen gestaltet, so z. B. die Besetzung von Führungspositionen zwischen den Geschlechtern (vgl. Holst et al. 2015).
Methodologische und methodische Ausrichtung
Authors: Logeswaran Araththy 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungBislang wurde aus einer theoretischen Ebene die Relevanz der Thematik herausgearbeitet. Da es sich hier um ein wenig bekanntes Phänomen handelt, wie Menschen mit Diskriminierung und den damit einhergehenden Erfahrungen umgehen, erschien es mir am naheliegendsten, eine qualitative Untersuchung anzustreben. Dabei sei erwähnt, dass qualitative Daten nicht alleine den Anspruch auf theoriegenerierende Daten erheben kann, sowie quantitative Daten nicht ausschließlich eine theorieprüfende Funktion innehaben (vgl. Breuer et al. 2019: 3), im Gegenteil. Beide Formen der Sozialforschung können vielfältig genutzt werden.
Empirische Forschungspraxis
Authors: Logeswaran Araththy 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungDie theoretische Aneignung von Erhebungs- und Auswertungsmethoden besteht hauptsächlich darin, sich die Schritte für die methodische Durchführung anzulesen und das Forschungsvorhaben für eine praktische Anwendung zu planerisch vorzubereiten. Während der Umsetzung können Herausforderungen für die Forschungspraxis entstehen, die während der Planung nicht mitbedacht wurden bzw. werden konnten. Forschende sind daher dazu aufgefordert, ihre Vorgehensweisen kontinuierlich zu reflektieren, um auch prozessorientiert (re-)agieren zu können.
Operators for generic effective field theory at any dimension: on-shell amplitude basis construction
Authors: Li Hao-Lin , Ren Zhe , Xiao Ming-Lei , Yu Jiang-Hao , Zheng Yu-Hui 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We describe a general procedure to construct the independent and complete operator bases for generic Lorentz invariant effective field theories, given any kind of gauge symmetry and field content, up to any mass dimension. By considering the operator as contact on-shell amplitude, the so-called amplitude operator correspondence, we provide a unified construction of the Lorentz and gauge and flavor structures by Young Tableau tensor. Several bases are constructed to emphasize different aspects: independence (y-basis and m-basis), repeated fields with flavors (p-basis and f-basis), and conserved quantum numbers (j-basis). We also provide new algorithms for finding the m-basis by defining inner products for group factors and the p-basis by constructing the matrix representations of the Young symmetrizers from group generators. The on-shell amplitude basis gives us a systematic way to convert any operator into such basis, so that the conversions between any other operator bases can be easily done by linear algebra. All of these are implemented in a Mathematica package: ABC4EFT (Amplitude Basis Construction for Effective Field Theories).
On a Lefschetz-type phenomenon for elliptic Calabi-Yaus
Authors: Fullwood J. , Cattaneo A. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We consider 18 families of elliptic Calabi-Yaus which arise in constructing F-theory compactifications of string vacua, and show in each case that the upper Hodge diamond of a crepant resolution of the associated Weierstrass model coincides with the upper Hodge diamond of the (blown up) projective bundle in which the crepant resolution is naturally embedded. Such results are unexpected, as each crepant resolution we consider does not satisfy the hypotheses of the Lefschetz hyperplane theorem. In light of such findings, we suspect that all elliptic Calabi-Yaus satisfy such a ‘Lefschetz-type phenomenon’.
Unitarity bounds on effective field theories at the LHC
Authors: Cohen Timothy , Doss Joel , Lu Xiaochuan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Effective Field Theory (EFT) extensions of the Standard Model are tools to compute observables (e.g. cross sections with partonic center-of-mass energy $$ \sqrt{\hat{s}} $$

s
̂

) as a systematically improvable expansion suppressed by a new physics scale M. If one is interested in EFT predictions in the parameter space where M <$$ \sqrt{\hat{s}} $$

s
̂

, concerns of self-consistency emerge, which can manifest as a violation of perturbative partial-wave unitarity. However, when we search for the effects of an EFT at a hadron collider with center-of-mass energy $$ \sqrt{s} $$

s

using an inclusive strategy, we typically do not have access to the event-by-event value of $$ \sqrt{\hat{s}} $$

s
̂

. This motivates the need for a formalism that incorporates parton distribution functions into the perturbative partial-wave unitarity analysis. Developing such a framework and initiating an exploration of its implications is the goal of this work. Our approach opens up a potentially valid region of the EFT parameter space where M ≪ $$ \sqrt{s} $$

s

. We provide evidence that there exist valid EFTs in this parameter space. The perturbative unitarity bounds are sensitive to the details of a given search, an effect we investigate by varying kinematic cuts.
A Lyndon’s identity theorem for one-relator monoids
Authors: Gray Robert D. , Steinberg Benjamin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFor every one-relator monoid $$M = \langle A \mid u=v \rangle $$

M
=
⟨
A
∣
u
=
v
⟩

with $$u, v \in A^*$$

u
,
v
∈

A
∗

we construct a contractible M-CW complex and use it to build a projective resolution of the trivial module which is finitely generated in all dimensions. This proves that all one-relator monoids are of type $$\mathrm{FP}_{\infty }$$

FP
∞

, answering positively a problem posed by Kobayashi in 2000. We also apply our results to classify the one-relator monoids of cohomological dimension at most 2, and to describe the relation module, in the sense of Ivanov, of a torsion-free one-relator monoid presentation as an explicitly given principal left ideal of the monoid ring. In addition, we prove the topological analogues of these results by showing that all one-relator monoids satisfy the topological finiteness property $$\mathrm{F}_\infty $$

F
∞

, and classifying the one-relator monoids with geometric dimension at most 2. These results give a natural monoid analogue of Lyndon’s Identity Theorem for one-relator groups.
Geschmacksneutrale Andickungsmittel? – Ein kompetitiver Vergleich
Authors: Schulz Steffen , Scholz Veronika , Lehnert Bernhard 
Published: April 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Das Andicken von Flüssigkeiten gehört zu den Standardverfahren der Dysphagietherapie. Diese adaptive Methode soll u. a. einem posterioren Leaking entgegenwirken und die Anforderung an verlangsamte Schutzreflexe durch eine reduzierte Fließgeschwindigkeit des Bolus senken. Bisherige Erhebungen zeigen jedoch aufgrund der Geschmacksperzeption eine ablehnende Haltung von Patienten gegenüber angedickten Flüssigkeiten. Diese Studie untersucht, ob zwischen verschiedenen Andickungsmitteln Geschmacksunterschiede bestehen.

Methoden
An der Studie haben 37 gesunde Probanden Teil genommen und 8 auf dem deutschen Markt erhältliche Andickungsmittel untereinander verglichen. Zur Testung wurden jeweils 2 mit Wasser angerührte Andickungsmittel einander gegenübergestellt. Die Probanden sollten dann entscheiden, welches sie geschmacklich präferierten. Bis zu 7 dieser Paarvergleiche wurden von jedem Probanden vorgenommen. Insgesamt wurden 224 Paarvergleiche durchgeführt. Aus diesen wurde mittels eines probabilistischen Modells eine relative Geschmacksgüte bestimmt und eine Signifikanztestung der Unterschiede durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse und Schlussfolgerung
Zwischen den verschiedenen Andickungsmitteln zeigten sich signifikante Geschmacksunterschiede. Es kann vermutet werden, dass sich die Geschmacksunterschiede auf die Inhaltsstoffe der jeweiligen Andickungsmittel zurückführen lassen. Im therapeutischen Setting sollte für eine höhere Akzeptanz von Kostanpassungen nach Möglichkeit die Ausprobe unterschiedlicher Andickungsmittel erfolgen. Unklar bleibt, ob die hier gezeigten Geschmacksunterschiede sich auch zeigen, wenn anstelle von Wasser andere Flüssigkeiten wie Kaffee, Tee oder Säfte angedickt werden.
Considering plant functional connectivity in landscape conservation and restoration management
Authors: Goicolea Teresa , G. Mateo Rubén , Aroca-Fernández María José , Gastón Aitor , García-Viñas Juan Ignacio , Mateo-Sánchez M. Cruz 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLandscape connectivity has traditionally been studied for animal species rather than for plants, especially under a multispecies approach. However, connectivity can be equally critical for both fauna and flora and, thus, an essential point in the selection of key management areas and measures. This paper explores a spatially explicit framework to assess the contribution of habitat patches in the conservation and enhancement of plant functional connectivity and habitat availability in a multispecies context. It relies on graph theory and a habitat availability index and differentiates between two management scenarios: (i) conservation; and (ii) restoration, by considering current and potential species distribution based on species distribution models together with a vegetation survey. The results mapped at high spatial resolution priority target areas to apply management measures. We found that intervening in a small proportion of the study area may lead to double the average overall landscape connectivity of the studied species. This study aimed at proposing an innovative methodology that allows studying connectivity for multiple plant species at landscape scale while integrating their individual characteristics. The proposed framework is a step toward incorporating connectivity concerns into plant biodiversity management, based on a better understanding of landscape structure and functionality. Here, we illustrated its significant potential for local conservation and restoration planning and resource optimization.
GPs´ Personal Spirituality, Their Attitude and Spiritual Competence: A Cross-Sectional Study in German General Practices
Authors: Mächler Ruth , Straßner Cornelia , Sturm Noemi , Krisam Johannes , Stolz Regina , Schalhorn Friederike , Valentini Jan , Frick Eckhard 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTo understand if GPs’ spiritual competence, their personal spirituality and attitude towards enquiring about spirituality in practice interrelate, we conducted a cross-sectional survey of 30 German GPs regarding issues of SC. We found correlations between GPs’ personal spirituality, their spiritual competence and their attitudes towards SC. The ability to perceive spiritual needs of patients was the competence most strongly related to GPs’ attitude towards SC. The competence with the strongest correlation to personal spirituality was Self-awareness and Proactive opening. No correlation was found between affiliation to a spiritual community and GPs’ attitude towards SC. The results show that GPs’ personal spirituality and spiritual competence are indeed related to addressing spirituality with their patients. To foster SC, training programmes should raise awareness for one’s personal spirituality and encourage one to reflect on spiritual competence.
Scaling-up ecosystem functions of coastal heterogeneous sediments: testing practices using high resolution data
Authors: Schenone Stefano , Thrush Simon F. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractContextHeterogeneity in coastal soft sediments and the difficulty of data collection hinder our ability to scale up ecological data (necessarily obtained at small-scale) to large-scale. The use of scaling in marine ecology is not as common as in terrestrial ecology and current practices are often too simplistic and inadequate.ObjectivesWe aimed to demonstrate that the use of different scaling approaches leads to considerably different results and that not accounting for ecological heterogeneity decreases our ability to accurately extrapolate measurements of ecosystem functions performed by intertidal soft sediment habitats.MethodsHigh resolution raster maps of sediment denitrification, ammonia (NH4+) efflux and organic matter degradation were sampled to produce a simulated dataset and compare the performance of three different scaling approaches: direct scaling, spatial allometry and semivariogram/kriging.ResultsDirect scaling underestimated denitrification, NH4+efflux and organic matter degradation (84.1, 84.9 and 90.3% less) while allometry underestimated denitrification (81.9% less) but overestimated NH4+efflux and organic matter degradation (2594.1 and 14,879.9% more). Kriging produced more accurate results and the predicted functions only differed from the estimated values by 14.7, 29.4 and 3.9% respectively.ConclusionsOur work shows that the choice of the scaling method is crucial in estimating intertidal soft sediment functions and highlights the need for empirical and theoretical models that link ecosystem functioning to biological attributes that can be measured remotely over large areas. Integrating measures of heterogeneity through the spatial structure of the data leads to outcomes that are more realistic and relevant to resource management.
A generalized Weisfeiler-Lehman graph kernel
Authors: Schulz Till Hendrik , Horváth Tamás , Welke Pascal , Wrobel Stefan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAfter more than one decade, Weisfeiler-Lehman graph kernels are still among the most prevalent graph kernels due to their remarkable predictive performance and time complexity. They are based on a fast iterative partitioning of vertices, originally designed for deciding graph isomorphism with one-sided error. The Weisfeiler-Lehman graph kernels retain this idea and compare such labels with respect to equality. This binary valued comparison is, however, arguably too rigid for defining suitable graph kernels for certain graph classes. To overcome this limitation, we propose a generalization of Weisfeiler-Lehman graph kernels which takes into account a more natural and finer grade of similarity between Weisfeiler-Lehman labels than equality. We show that the proposed similarity can be calculated efficiently by means of the Wasserstein distance between certain vectors representing Weisfeiler-Lehman labels. This and other facts give rise to the natural choice of partitioning the vertices with the Wasserstein k-means algorithm. We empirically demonstrate on the Weisfeiler-Lehman subtree kernel, which is one of the most prominent Weisfeiler-Lehman graph kernels, that our generalization significantly outperforms this and other state-of-the-art graph kernels in terms of predictive performance on datasets which contain structurally more complex graphs beyond the typically considered molecular graphs.
The New ICD-11 Prolonged Grief Disorder Guidelines in Japan: Findings and Implications from Key Informant Interviews
Authors: Killikelly Clare , Hasenöhrl Anna , Stelzer Eva-Maria , Maercker Andreas 
Published: April 2022

AbstractProlonged grief disorder (PGD) is a new mental health disorder, recently introduced in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11), World Health Organization Classification of Diseases (WHO). The new ICD-11 guidelines reflect an emerging wave of interest in the global applicability of mental disorders. However, the selection of diagnostic core features in different cultural contexts has yet to be determined. Currently, there is debate in the field over the global applicability of these guidelines. Using semi-structured interviews with 14 key informants, we explored the acceptability of ICD-11 guidelines for PGD according to Japanese health professionals as key informants. The interviews revealed symptoms of grief possibly missing in the ICD-11 PGD guidelines including somatization and concepts such as hole in the heart. Additionally, sociocultural barriers such as stigma and beliefs about the social desirability of emotions may challenge patients’ and clinicians’ acceptance of the new ICD-11 criteria.
Challenges for independence-driven and context-repair responses to the proviso problem
Authors: Silk Alex 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis note presents challenge cases for prominent pragmatic responses to the proviso problem. I offer examples of uses of conditionalsif $\psi,\,\phi_{P}$ψ,ϕPthat seem to commit the speaker unconditionally to the presuppositionPof the consequent clauseϕ, even though the sentence’s predicted semantic presuppositionψ⊃Pis antecedently satisfied (contrary to context-repair accounts), and independence betweenψandPisn’t antecedently assumed (contrary to independence-driven accounts). The examples provided avoid problems with other examples from the literature used against pragmatic accounts. I leave the matter as an unresolved challenge for satisfaction theories of presupposition.
Revisiting Paul de Grauwe’s Chaotic Exchange Rate Model: New Analytical Insights and Agent-Based Explorations
Authors: Mignot Sarah , Westerhoff Frank 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe apply recent stability and bifurcation results to provide an analytical characterization of Paul de Grauwe’s chaotic exchange rate model. We prove that the model’s fundamental steady state becomes unstable due to a Neimark-Sacker bifurcation when chartists extrapolate past exchange rate trends too strongly, a phenomenon that gives rise to cyclical exchange rate dynamics. In contrast, fundamentalists’ mean reversion strength only has a stabilizing effect on the model’s dynamics when the exchange rate is out of equilibrium. We also show that agent-based versions of Paul de Grauwe’s exchange rate model may produce endogenous exchange rate dynamics, too.