bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating knowledge, confidence, and self-efficacy of NPs and PAs in the emergency department: extended focused assessment using sonography in trauma
Authors: Casey Karen O. , Pearson Tamera 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Developing and translating knowledge gained in the classroom into skills that are practiced in the clinical setting is an ongoing, iterative, and dynamic process. Health care clinicians require continually evolving knowledge, ongoing education, and hands-on skills practice particular to the specialty.

Purpose:
This prospective observational study was conceived based on the existing evidence demonstrating that Point of Care Ultrasound (POCUS) is not routinely taught in nurse practitioner (NP) or physician assistant (PA) graduate programs. This study examines outcomes of an educational intervention aimed at improving knowledge, self-confidence, and self-efficacy of the Extended Focused Assessment using Sonography in Trauma (E-FAST examination) for both NPs and PAs working in emergency settings.

Methodology:
Twenty participants attended a short course including both didactic learning and hands-on learning of the E-FAST examination. Participants rated themselves using a self-assessment tool for pre- and postintervention self-evaluation. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to evaluate data. A second tool used to evaluate participants’ hands-on use of the E-FAST examination is the Objective Structured Assessment of Ultrasound, in which participants were evaluated by clinical experts. These data were assessed using regression analysis.

Results:
Participants showed improvement on the pre/post course self-assessment tool. Participants also showed proficiency using ultrasound and analyzing images as evaluated by experts.

Conclusions:
A short multimodal course can improve clinicians' knowledge, confidence, and self-efficacy in the use of POCUS and the E-FAST examination.

Implications:
Hands-on education is a valuable tool for ongoing learning.
Nutritional priorities in patients with severe COVID-19
Authors: Puthucheary Zudin A. , Rice Todd W. 
Published: June 2022

Purpose of review
The COVID-19 pandemic has altered the profile of critical care services internationally, as professionals around the globe have struggled to rise to the unprecedented challenge faced, both in terms of individual patient management and the sheer volume of patients that require treatment and management in intensive care. This review article sets out key priorities in nutritional interventions during the patient journey, both in the acute and recovery phases.

Recent findings
The current review covers the care of the acutely unwell patient, and the evidence base for nutritional interventions in the COVID-19 population. One of the biggest differences in caring for critically ill patients with acute respiratory failure from COVID-19 is often the time prior to intubation. This represents specific nutritional challenges, as does nursing patients in the prone position or in the setting of limited resources. This article goes on to discuss nutritional support for COVID-19 sufferers as they transition through hospital wards and into the community.

Summary
Nutritional support of patients with severe COVID-19 is essential. Given the longer duration of their critical illness, combined with hypermetabolism and energy expenditure, patients with COVID-19 are at increased risk for malnutrition during and after their hospital stay.
Short Versus Long Duration of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy After Second-Generation Drug-Eluting Stents Implantation in Patients with Diabetes
Authors: Gangwani Manesh Kumar , Aziz Muhammad , Chacko Paul , Mahmood Asif , Ali Muhammad , Priyanka Fnu , Munir Siraj , Aziz Abeer , Sagheer Shazib , Lee-Smith Wade , Parkash Om , Rai Devesh , Baibhav Bipul , Aronow Wilbert S. 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Duration of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) remains uncertain, with increasing data suggestive of acceptable short-term duration. Metabolically accelerated atherosclerosis associated with diabetes makes it essential to study short-term DAPT in this subgroup. With limited studies determining optimal DAPT strategies after second-generation stents in this subset, we aimed to establish the optimal duration of DAPT in the diabetic population using second-generation stents.

Question:
To determine optimal DAPT duration in diabetic population undergoing PCI in 2nd generation stents

Data Sources:
We conducted an electronic database search of randomized controlled trials from PubMed/Medline, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases.

Study Design:
A meta-analysis was conducted comparing outcomes of short-term (3–6 months) DAPT therapy versus long-term (12 months) DAPT therapy in the diabetic population undergoing PCI with second-generation stents.

Results:
A total of 5 randomized controlled trials were included with a total of 3117 diabetic patients. Short-term DAPT did not show any statistical difference from long-term DAPT in achieving primary outcomes (relative ratio: 0.96, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.68–1.35, P = 0.84). Overall mortality (OR 0.92; 95% CI, 0.52–1.63, P = 0.98), myocardial infarction [odds ratio (OR)OR 1.02; 95% CI, 0.53–1.94, P = 0.85], stent thrombosis (OR 1.20; 95% CI, 0.55–2.60, P = 0.55), target vessel revascularization (OR 1.10; 95% CI, 0.45–2.73, P = 0.74), and stroke (OR 0.50; 95% CI, 0.082–2.43, P = 0.81) did not show any statistical difference between the 2 groups. Similarly, a subgroup analysis of study population comparing 6 versus 12 months of DAPT in diabetic population did not show any difference in net primary outcomes (relative ratio: 0.86, 95% CI 0.45–1.45, P = 0.60). There was no significant heterogeneity noted between the 2 groups.

Conclusion:
This meta-analysis showed no statistically significant benefit of longer DAPT over shorter DAPT therapy in patients undergoing PCI with drug-eluting stent in patients with diabetes.
Clinical utility of bone turnover markers in patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Smout Dieter , Jørgensen Hanne S. , Cavalier Etienne , Evenepoel Pieter 
Published: June 2022

Purpose of review
The burden of fractures is very high in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). It is increasingly recognized that knowledge of bone turnover is of paramount importance in guiding mineral metabolism and osteoporosis therapy in CKD. Bone histomorphometry is the gold standard to assess bone turnover, but is seldomly performed in clinical practice. Bone turnover markers (BTMs) may be the long awaited noninvasive diagnostic that may help to close the therapeutic gap in patients with advanced CKD presenting with bone fragility.

Recent findings
Mounting evidence indicates that BTMs may be useful in skeletal and nonskeletal risk stratification, in guiding mineral metabolism and osteoporosis therapy, and in monitoring the therapeutic response.

Summary
BTMs provide information that is complementary to other clinical tests. It may be envisioned that in the near future, the assessment of nonkidney cleared BTMs may become part of routine clinical evaluation and monitoring of bone health in CKD patients, integrated with clinical risk factors, imaging data and, eventually, bone histomorphometry. Panels of BTMs will likely be more informative than single markers, and the same might hold true for trends as opposed to single time point data.
When a calorie isn’t just a calorie: a revised look at nutrition in critically ill patients with sepsis and acute kidney injury
Authors: Nadamuni Mridula , Venable Andrea H. , Huen Sarah C. 
Published: June 2022

Purpose of review
To discuss how nutritional management could be optimized to promote protective metabolism in sepsis and associated acute kidney injury.

Recent findings
Recent evidence suggests that sepsis is a metabolically distinct critical illness and that certain metabolic alterations, such as activation of fasting metabolism, may be protective in bacterial sepsis. These findings may explain the lack of survival benefit in recent randomized controlled trials of nutrition therapy for critical illness. These trials are limited by cohort heterogeneity, combining both septic and nonseptic critical illness, and the use of inaccurate caloric estimates to determine energy requirements. These energy estimates are also unable to provide information on specific substrate preferences or the capacity for substrate utilization. As a result, high protein feeding beyond the capacity for protein synthesis could cause harm in septic patients. Excess glucose and insulin exposures suppress fatty acid oxidation, ketogenesis and autophagy, of which emerging evidence suggest are protective against sepsis associated organ damage such as acute kidney injury.

Summary
Distinguishing pathogenic and protective sepsis-related metabolic changes are critical to enhancing and individualizing nutrition management for critically ill patients.
Prevalence and trends of urolithiasis among adults
Authors: Abufaraj Mohammad , Al Karmi Joud , Yang Lin 
Published: June 2022

Purpose of review
The purpose of this article is to review and synthesize the current literature on the epidemiology of urolithiasis.

Recent findings
The global patterns of urolithiasis are changing, as the prevalence of urolithiasis appears to be increasing across the world. Geographical variation in the prevalence of urolithiasis is noted across countries and within each country. Although urolithiasis is more common among men and white race, recent data suggests a more prominent rise in the prevalence among women and African Americans. Yet, no conclusive explanations for these phenomena are reported so far.

Summary
Urolithiasis is a highly prevalent condition with an increasing prevalence among women as compared with men closing the gender gap in urolithiasis. Further studies are needed to identify the potential causes for this observation.
The Effects of Childhood Emotional and Physical Maltreatment on Adolescents' Disordered Eating Behaviors
Authors: Gioia Francesca , Boursier Valentina , Franceschini Christian , Musetti Alessandro 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Over time, a complex crossroad between disordered eating behaviors (DEBs) and borderline personality features (BPFs) and their association with childhood emotional and physical maltreatment have been established. The present study aimed at evaluating the direct and indirect effect of physical and emotional abuse and neglect on DEB via BPF in a nonclinical adolescent sample. A total of 786 adolescents (48.3% male; mean age, 16.25 years; SD, 1.76) participated in the study. The mediation model suggested the pivotal predictive role of emotional maltreatment compared with the physical one. Indeed, both emotional abuse and neglect directly and indirectly predicted disordered eating via BPF (β = 0.097; p < 0.001 and β = 0.042; p < 0.01, respectively). Likely, the emotional maltreatment represents the beginning of a developmental cascade that culminates in DEB as a maladaptive coping strategy in response to negative emotions, through BPF. On the contrary, physical maltreatment seems to be less involved in the developmental cascade.
Suprapatellar versus infrapatellar approach for intramedullary nail fixation of tibial shaft fractures: a review of the literature
Authors: Ringenberg Jonathan D. , Tobey Jonathan L. , Horinek Jeffrey L. , Teague David C. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Semi-extended suprapatellar intramedullary nail fixation of tibial fractures has recently been gaining popularity. Several recent studies and meta-analyses compare the outcomes of the suprapatellar approach with the traditional infrapatellar approach. Despite concerns with intra-articular placement of instruments, studies show the suprapatellar approach to be a safe alternative. Several articles conclude that the suprapatellar approach may be superior to the infrapatellar approach. This review discusses recent findings comparing suprapatellar and infrapatellar approaches for nail insertion.
Death After Poison Ivy Smoke Inhalation
Authors: Woolery Samantha , Willner Joseph , Prahlow Joseph A. , Douglas Elizabeth 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Urushiol, the active antigen in poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans), is frequently associated with type I and type III hypersensitivity reactions. These reactions most often result in cutaneous symptoms that vary in severity and may at times require medical interventions. Injuries involving other body systems associated with urushiol exposure are far less common. Here, we present 2 unrelated cases of urushiol respiratory exposure status after burning of poison ivy that resulted in cardiopulmonary arrest and ultimately death. In both cases, the history, circumstances, and autopsy findings are consistent with urushiol smoke inhalation having either caused or contributed to death. The cases are unique in that they represent the first cases of death related to poison ivy smoke exposure. Clinicians and forensic pathologists should be aware of the fact that urushiol smoke exposure may lead to morbidity and mortality.
Integrating Palliative Care into Physiatric Care: Perspective of the Association of Academic Physiatrists Physiatry Palliative Care Task Force
Authors: Tolchin Dorothy W. , Kaplan Naomi , Smith Sean , Barker Kim , Cheville Andrea ,   On behalf of the Association of Academic Physiatrists Physiatry Palliative Care Task Force
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
There are opportunities for physiatrists to apply a palliative care lens within clinical encounters across rehabilitation settings. The expanding population of patients with serious illness and injury cared for by physiatrists and the anticipated shortage of specialty palliative care clinicians make it important that physiatrists hone and apply basic palliative care skills as part of comprehensive physiatric care. In this paper, four clinical vignettes highlight relevant palliative care communication skills and demonstrate the value of integrating these skills within physiatry encounters. Resources to support physiatrists in applying basic palliative skills are provided throughout.
Assessment of Patient-Reported Physical Function in Persons with Upper Extremity Amputation: Comparison of Short Form instruments drawn from the PROMIS v2.0 Upper Extremity item bank
Authors: Resnik Linda J. , Stevens Phillip M. , Ni Pengsheng , Borgia Matthew L. , Clark Melissa A. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Objective
Compare psychometric properties of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System upper extremity measure (PROMIS-UE) 7-item short form with 6 and 13-item versions for persons with upper limb amputation (ULA).

Design
Telephone survey of 681-persons with ULA. Versions were scored two ways: PROMIS health measure scoring (PROMIS-UE HMSS) and sample-specific calibration (PROMIS-UE AMP). Factor analyses and Rasch analyses evaluated unidimensionality, monotonicity, item fit, differential item functioning, and reliability. Known group validity was compared for all versions.

Results
Model fit was acceptable for PROMIS-6 UE AMP and marginally acceptable for PROMIS-13 UE AMP and PROMIS-7 UE AMP. Item response categories were collapsed due to disordered categories. 91.4% of participants had PROMIS-13 UE AMP scores with reliability >0.8, compared to 70.4% for PROMIS-7 UE AMP, and 72.1% for PROMIS-6 UE AMP versions. No differences were observed by prosthesis use. Scores differed by amputation for all measures except the HMSS scored 13 and 7 item versions.

Conclusions
The PROMIS-13 UE AMP short form (SF) was superior to the HMSS scored PROMIS-7 UE or PROMIS-6 UE, and to the PROMIS-7 UE AMP and PROMIS-6 UE AMP. Issues with known group validation suggest a need for a population-specific measure of UE function for persons with ULA.
Role of NIH in the Ending the HIV Epidemic in the US Initiative: Research Improving Practice
Authors: Glenshaw Mary T. , Gaist Paul , Wilson Amber , Cregg Robert C. , Holtz Timothy H. , Goodenow Maureen M. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract:
In 2019, approximately 1.2 M persons were living with HIV and an estimated 34,800 new HIV infections occurred in the United States (U.S.). Significant disparities in HIV burden exist among persons of color, those with male-to-male sexual contact, young people, and persons experiencing barriers to consistent uptake of HIV interventions and services. These disparities are the root of major gaps in coverage of HIV testing, linkage to prevention and treatment, adherence, and retention in services in the United States. These gaps help fuel the American HIV epidemic. The Ending the HIV Epidemic in the U.S. Initiative (EHE) is built on 4 decades of federal domestic and international responses to HIV/AIDS. As the largest health research agency in the world, the National Institutes for Health (NIH) funds extensive basic, clinical, translational, and implementation HIV research that is crucial to achieving HIV epidemic control. Addressing the gaps and meeting EHE milestones will be accomplished in part through a combination of adaptation, implementation, and scale-up of existing HIV interventions. New discoveries will also be needed to create improved and novel diagnostics, monitor viral loads, and develop new prevention and treatment tools and approaches. HIV implementation research is essential to demonstrate the most effective strategies to facilitate the adaptation, adoption, and integration of evidence-based HIV interventions in real-world settings. This article outlines current NIH research plans to reduce and identify new HIV infections, improve treatment coverage and outcomes among persons with HIV, and effectively respond to HIV transmission outbreaks in the United States.
Reducing Intersecting Stigmas in HIV Service Organizations: An Implementation Science Model
Authors: Rodriguez-Hart Cristina , Mackson Grace , Belanger Dan , West Nova , Brock Victoria , Phanor Jhané , Weigl Susan , Ahmed Courtney , Soler Jorge , McKinnon Karen , Sandfort Theo G.M. 
Published: June 2022

Background:
HIV-related and intersectional stigmas are key barriers for service delivery, but best practices are nascent for addressing them in high-resource and high-burden contexts such as New York City (NYC). The Stigma Reduction and Resilience (STAR) implementation science (IS) Mapping Project in 2020 identified untested stigma reduction efforts in HIV organizations, highlighting the need for an IS framework.

Setting:
Organizations providing HIV prevention and/or care in NYC.

Methods:
An interagency team determined that IS provides a structured approach for addressing identified gaps in stigma reduction efforts, but defining existing IS concepts and adapting IS frameworks were necessary to facilitate its use. The Implementation Research Logic Model was adapted to empower HIV organizations to use IS to implement stigma reduction.

Results:
Questions, definitions, and tips were developed to guide, strengthen, and simplify the application of IS within HIV organizations to improve the reduction of HIV and intersecting stigmas. The resulting Stigma Reduction Logic Model incorporates tools for implementers who synthesize each component of the logic model (intervention, determinants, implementation strategies, mechanisms, and outcomes), including a menu of options for selecting stigma reduction interventions and implementation determinants, a checklist to assess organizational readiness for stigma reduction, and an IS terminology guide applied for stigma reduction.

Conclusions:
Stigma reduction initiatives and research can use this model to enable implementers, researchers, and HIV organization stakeholders to use the methodology of IS to build consensus for, systematically plan, implement, and evaluate stigma reduction activities relevant to the HIV epidemic. The next step is testing the model's utility.
Determinants of Implementation for HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Based on an Updated Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research: A Systematic Review
Authors: Li Dennis H. , Benbow Nanette , Keiser Brennan , Mongrella Melissa , Ortiz Kasim , Villamar Juan , Gallo Carlos , Deskins Jasmine S. , Xavier Hall Casey D. , Miller Corinne , Mustanski Brian , Smith Justin D. 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Delivery and use of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) are suboptimal in the United States. Previous reviews of barriers and facilitators have not used an implementation science lens, limiting comprehensiveness and the link to implementation strategies. To summarize the state of the science, we systematically reviewed determinants of PrEP implementation using the updated Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR 2.0).

Setting:
PrEP-eligible communities and delivery settings in the United States.

Methods:
In January 2021, we searched Ovid MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Web of Science for peer-reviewed articles related to HIV/AIDS, interventions, implementation, and determinants or strategies. We identified 286 primary research articles published after 1999 about US-based PrEP implementation. Team members extracted discrete “mentioned” and “measured” determinants, coding each by setting, population, valence, measurement, and CFIR 2.0 construct.

Results:
We identified 1776 mentioned and 1952 measured determinants from 254 to 239 articles, respectively. Two-thirds of measured determinants were of PrEP use by patients as opposed to delivery by providers. Articles contained few determinants in the inner setting or process domains (ie, related to the delivery context), even among studies of specific settings. Determinants across priority populations also focused on individual patients and providers rather than structural or logistical factors.

Conclusion:
Our findings suggest substantial knowledge in the literature about general patient-level barriers to PrEP use and thus limited need for additional universal studies. Instead, future research should prioritize identifying determinants, especially facilitators, unique to understudied populations and focus on structural and logistical features within current and promising settings (eg, pharmacies) that support integration of PrEP into clinical practice.