bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental conditions for the successful development of Salpa thompsoni (Tunicata: Thaliaceae) blastozooids and embryos in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean
Authors: Słomska Angelika Wanda , Panasiuk Anna 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNumerous studies have revealed that large numbers of gelatinous invertebrates, Salpa thompsoni, are reported more often in high-latitude Antarctic waters (> 60°S) than were reported in data obtained from the early twentieth century. Previously published studies also suggested that this tunicate may form a small subpopulation in cold shelf Antarctic waters. However, many researchers claim that harsh environmental conditions inhibit the reproduction and development of this species. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine S. thompsoni blastozooids and the development ability of their embryos within different zones of the eastern and western parts of the Southern Ocean. The samples used in this study were collected from two transects, (I) between the Weddell Sea and coastal waters of South Africa and (II) between South America and the South Shetland Islands (Drake Passage) during the summer season of 2009/2010. The presented results showed that the highest likelihood for the presence of mature salps is observed under both in the conditions considered favorable that are characterized for mid-latitude areas as well as those observed at higher latitudes in the Antarctic zone (60°S) of the Southern Ocean. This work indicated that the prevailing environmental conditions in the Antarctic zone were distinguished by the highest diversity of embryo development stages and the densest salp aggregations. Our work revealed evidence for dualistic environmental preferences, while blastozooid development and embryo fertilization were equally successful at lower temperatures and low chl-a concentrations as well as when these variables reached higher values. This study expands the knowledge about environmental preferences and provides evidence for flexibility of salp reproduction, which allows it to adapt to various environmental conditions of the Southern Ocean.
Analysis of Target Data-Dependent Greedy Kernel Algorithms: Convergence Rates for f-, $$f \cdot P$$- and f/P-Greedy
Authors: Wenzel Tizian , Santin Gabriele , Haasdonk Bernard 
Published: October 2022

AbstractData-dependent greedy algorithms in kernel spaces are known to provide fast converging interpolants, while being extremely easy to implement and efficient to run. Despite this experimental evidence, no detailed theory has yet been presented. This situation is unsatisfactory, especially when compared to the case of the data-independent P-greedy algorithm, for which optimal convergence rates are available, despite its performances being usually inferior to the ones of target data-dependent algorithms. In this work, we fill this gap by first defining a new scale of greedy algorithms for interpolation that comprises all the existing ones in a unique analysis, where the degree of dependency of the selection criterion on the functional data is quantified by a real parameter. We then prove new convergence rates where this degree is taken into account, and we show that, possibly up to a logarithmic factor, target data-dependent selection strategies provide faster convergence. In particular, for the first time we obtain convergence rates for target data adaptive interpolation that are faster than the ones given by uniform points, without the need of any special assumption on the target function. These results are made possible by refining an earlier analysis of greedy algorithms in general Hilbert spaces. The rates are confirmed by a number of numerical examples.
Influence of boreal spring sea surface temperature anomalies over the tropical South Atlantic on the Meiyu onset
Authors: Zhang Shaoyu , Liu Yimin , Sheng Chen , Ma Tingting 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis study investigates the impact of boreal spring tropical South Atlantic surface sea temperature anomalies (TSA-SSTA) on the anticyclone over the western North Pacific (WNPAC) and the Meiyu onset date (MOD) based on reanalysis data and numerical experiments. The results indicate an intimate linkage between the MOD and TSA-SSTA, in which warmer spring TSA-SSTA are associated with an earlier MOD and vice versa, and the underlying mechanism is identified. Warm TSA-SSTA can trigger a Gill-type response and anomalous equatorial Walker circulation, which leads to anomalous upward motion and latent heating over the Maritime Continent. This anomalous condition over the Maritime Continent strengthens local Hadley circulation accordingly accompanied by anomalous descending motion over the western North Pacific. This descending motion reduces the local rainfall and enhances the equatorward northerly wind at low level. Further analysis reveals that local Sverdrup positive feedback between the anomalous diabatic cooling owing to reduced rainfall and the lower-level equatorward northerly wind is critical for sustaining the well-developed anomalous WNPAC. The abundant water vapor transport embedded in the northwestern flank of the anomalous WNPAC eventually favors an earlier MOD. Atmospheric conditions corresponding to cold TSA-SSTA produce the opposite effect. The spring TSA-SSTA can therefore prominently communicate with the subsequent East Asian MOD via the aforementioned mechanism, and the spring TSA-SSTA can be interpreted as a precursor signal of the East Asian MOD.
Comorbidities and clinical outcomes in adult- and juvenile-onset Huntington’s disease: a study of linked Swedish National Registries (2002–2019)
Authors: Furby Hannah , Moore Suzanne , Nordstroem Anna-Lena , Houghton Richard , Lambrelli Dimitra , Graham Sophie , Svenningsson Per , Petersén Åsa 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundHuntington’s disease (HD) is a rare, neurodegenerative disease and its complex motor, cognitive and psychiatric symptoms exert a lifelong clinical burden on both patients and their families.ObjectiveTo describe the clinical burden and natural history of HD.MethodsThis longitudinal cohort study used data from the linked Swedish national registries to describe the occurrence of comorbidities (acute and chronic), symptomatic treatments and mortality in an incident cohort of individuals who either received the first diagnosis of HD above (adult onset HD; AoHD) or below (juvenile-onset HD; JoHD) 20 years of age, compared with a matched cohort without HD from the general population. Disease burden of all individuals alive in Sweden was described during a single calendar year (2018), including the occurrence of key symptoms, treatments and hospitalizations.ResultsThe prevalence of HD in 2018 was approximately 10.2 per 100,000. Of 1492 individuals with a diagnosis of HD during 2002 and 2018, 1447 had AoHD and 45 had JoHD. Individuals with AoHD suffered a higher incidence of obsessive–compulsive disorder, acute psychotic episodes, pneumonia, constipation and fractures compared with matched controls. Individuals with JoHD had higher incidence rates of epilepsy, constipation and acute respiratory symptoms. Median time to all-cause mortality in AoHD was 12.1 years from diagnosis. Patients alive with HD in Sweden in 2018 displayed a pattern of increased clinical burden for a number of years since diagnosis.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the significant and progressive clinical burden in individuals with HD and presents novel insights into the natural history of JoHD.
Impact of a diverting ileostomy in total mesorectal excision with primary anastomosis for rectal cancer
Authors: Hol Jeroen C. , Burghgraef Thijs A. , Rutgers Marieke L. W. , Crolla Rogier M. P. H. , van Geloven Anna A. W. , de Jong Gabie M. , Hompes Roel , Leijtens Jeroen W. A. , Polat Fatih , Pronk Apollo , Smits Anke B. , Tuynman Jurriaan B. , Verdaasdonk Emiel G. G. , Consten Esther C. J. , Sietses Colin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
The role of diverting ileostomy in total mesorectal excision (TME) for rectal cancer with primary anastomosis is debated. The aim of this study is to gain insight in the clinical consequences of a diverting ileostomy, with respect to stoma rate at one year and stoma-related morbidity.

Methods
Patients undergoing TME with primary anastomosis for rectal cancer between 2015 and 2017 in eleven participating hospitals were included. Retrospectively, two groups were compared: patients with or without diverting ileostomy construction during primary surgery. Primary endpoint was stoma rate at one year. Secondary endpoints were severity and rate of anastomotic leakage, overall morbidity rate within thirty days and stoma (reversal) related morbidity.

Results
In 353 out of 595 patients (59.3%) a diverting ileostomy was constructed during primary surgery. Stoma rate at one year was 9.9% in the non-ileostomy group and 18.7% in the ileostomy group (p = 0.003). After correction for confounders, multivariate analysis showed that the construction of a diverting ileostomy during primary surgery was an independent risk factor for stoma at one year (OR 2.563 (95%CI 1.424–4.611), p = 0.002). Anastomotic leakage rate was 17.8% in the non-ileostomy group and 17.2% in the ileostomy group (p = 0.913). Overall 30-days morbidity rate was 37.6% in the non-ileostomy group and 56.1% in the ileostomy group (p < 0.001). Stoma reversal related morbidity rate was 17.9%.

Conclusions
The stoma rate at one year was higher in patients with ileostomy construction during primary surgery. The incidence and severity of anastomotic leakage were not reduced by construction of an ileostomy. The morbidity related to the presence and reversal of a diverting ileostomy was substantial.
Tissue integration and biodegradation of soft tissue substitutes with and without compression: an experimental study in the rat
Authors: Bienz Stefan P. , Vaquette Cedryck , Ioannidis Alexis , Hämmerle Christoph H. F. , Jung Ronald E. , Ivanovski Sašo , Thoma Daniel S. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Objectives
To analyze the influence of compression on tissue integration and degradation of soft tissue substitutes.

Material and methods
Six subcutaneous pouches in twenty-eight rats were prepared and boxes made of Al2O3 were implanted and used as carriers for soft tissue substitutes: a collagen matrix (MG), two volume-stable collagen matrices (FG/MGA), and a polycaprolactone scaffold(E). The volume-stable materials (FG/MGA/E) were further implanted with a twofold (2) and a fourfold (4) compression, created by the stacking of additional layers of the substitute materials. The samples were retrieved at 1, 2, and 12 weeks (10 groups, 3 time points, n = 5 per time point and group, overall, 150 samples). The area fraction of infiltrated fibroblasts and inflammatory cells was evaluated histologically. Due to within-subject comparisons, mixed models were conducted for the primary outcome. The level of significance was set at 5%.

Results
The area fraction of fibroblasts increased in all groups over time. At 12 weeks, the densely compressed materials FG4 (1.1%), MGA4 (1.7%), and MGA2 (2.5%) obtained lower values as compared to the other groups, ranging between 4.7 (E2) and 6.5% (MG). Statistically significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) were observed between groups FG4 vs MG/FG2/E/E4 as well as between MGA4 vs MG/FG2/E/E4 and E vs MGA2.

Conclusions
Higher levels of compression led to delayed tissue integration. The effect of different compression levels was more distinct when compared to the differences between the materials.

Clinical relevance
All biomaterials demonstrated tissue integration and a minimal concomitant inflammatory reaction. Clinically, it might be more favorable to obtain a sufficient flap release or to reduce the material size to improve the tissue integration processes.
Impacts and economic costs of climate change on Mexican agriculture
Authors: Estrada Francisco , Mendoza-Ponce Alma , Calderón-Bustamante Oscar , Botzen Wouter 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis study quantifies the impacts of climate change on yields and the corresponding economic losses in six relevant crops that account for 65% of the harvested area in Mexico and are highly relevant in terms of consumption and economic value. The results show that crop yields could decrease considerably during this century, especially in the rainfed management system. Under a high-emission scenario, large reductions in yields are expected by the end of this century for both rainfed and irrigated management systems of maize (42%, 31.4%), rice (51.4%, 41.3%), sorghum (41.1%, 36.6%), soybean (59.1%, 44.9%), wheat (23.3%, 20.0%), and rainfed sugarcane (11.7%). At the national level, the present value of losses in the selected crops amounts to $37,934 million dollars, which represents about twice the current total national agricultural production of Mexico. Rainfed agriculture represents about 69% of these losses and reductions in maize yields account for almost 70% of the total losses. States such as Veracruz, Sinaloa, Tamaulipas, and Jalisco represent half of the total economic losses. However, about 16% of the aggregated losses occur in states with high levels of poverty and subsistence farming like Chiapas, Oaxaca, and Guerrero. Climate change will significantly increase the risks that already vulnerable subsistence farmers’ face in the present. Although ambitious mitigation efforts can reduce the estimated impacts in most of the crops, residual damages are considerable, and the prompt implementation adaptation strategies is required.
Reconstruction of the evolution phases of a landslide by using multi-layer back-analysis methods
Authors: Innocenti Agnese , Pazzi Veronica , Borselli Lorenzo , Nocentini Massimiliano , Lombardi Luca , Gigli Giovanni , Fanti Riccardo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBack analysis is the most common method to study landslide movements after the event, and it allows us to understand how a landslide evolved along the slope. This paper presents the back-analysis of the Pomarico landslide (Basilicata, Italy) that occurred on January 25th, 2019, on the southwestern slope of the Pomarico hill. The landslide, of rotational clayey retrogressive type—planar sliding, evolved in different phases until it caused a paroxysmal movement in the early afternoon on January 29th, 2019. The landslide caused the collapse of a bulkhead (built at the end of the twentieth century) and of some buildings along the village’s main road. In this paper, a multi-layer back-analysis study is presented, based on the limit equilibrium model (LEM), applying the solution proposed by Morgenstern and Price in Geotechnique 15(1):79–93zh, (1965) and implemented in the freeware software SSAP 2010. The analysis allowed the reconstruction of the entire landslide evolution, using geotechnical parameters obtained from both laboratory and in situ tests, and data from the literature. The application of multilayer back-analysis made it possible to avoid the homogenisation of the layers, modelling the event according to the real conditions present on the slope. The use of the SSAP software made it possible to curb the problem related to the theoretical limitation of the shape of the rupture surfaces, by evaluating independently the friction angle locally and by discarding all those surfaces, which, due to this problem, presented a non-reliable factor of safety (FS) value. The modelling revealed a slope that is highly unstable as the height of the water table changes. The FS calculated under water table conditions close to ground level was less than 1 (FS = 0.98), simulating the first landslide movement (November 2018). The subsequent model reconstructed the critical surface responsible for the January 2019 movement and calculated the FS present on the slope (FS = 1.01). Eventually, the paroxysmal event on January 29th, 2019, was modelled, returning an FS of 0.83, and a sliding surface that sets below the bulkhead, causing its failure. Furthermore, the modelling of the slope in the presence of adequate retaining structures demonstrated the (non-) effectiveness of the retaining wall system represented by the bulkhead. The proposed method of analysis suggests further applications in similar complex multi-layer soil-structure interaction scenarios.
On Resolving Problems with Conditionality and Its Implications for Characterizing Statistical Evidence
Authors: Evans Michael , Frangakis Constantine 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe conditionality principleCplays a key role in attempts to characterize the concept of statistical evidence. The standard version ofCconsiders a model and a derived conditional model, formed by conditioning on an ancillary statistic for the model, together with the data, to be equivalent with respect to their statistical evidence content. This equivalence is considered to hold for any ancillary statistic for the model but creates two problems. First, there can be more than one maximal ancillary in a given context and this leads toCnot being an equivalence relation and, as such, calls into question whetherCis a proper characterization of statistical evidence. Second, a statisticAcan change from ancillary to informative (in its marginal distribution) when another ancillaryBchanges, from having one known distributionPB, to having another known distributionQB. This means that the stability of ancillarity differs across ancillary statistics and raises the issue of when a statistic can be said to be truly ancillary. It is therefore natural, and practically important, to limit conditioning to the set of ancillaries whose distribution is irrelevant to the ancillary status of any other ancillary statistic. This results in a family of ancillaries for which there is a unique maximal member. This also gives a new principle for inference, the stable conditionality principle, that satisfies the criteria required for any principle whose aim is to characterize statistical evidence.
A simple and low-cost technique to initiate single-spore cultures of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi using a superabsorbent polymer
Authors: Paré Louis , Banchini Claudia , Hamel Chantal , Bernier Louis , Stefani Franck 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMost species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are propagated with a host plant in a pot culture. However, the soil matrix makes it difficult to monitor the establishment and development of the symbiosis. In vitro culturing using Ri T-DNA transformed roots provides a clear medium and a sterile environment which offsets the constraints of the soil matrix. Nevertheless, the sterile conditions and the Ri T-DNA transformed roots provide very different growing conditions compared to a pot culture. Transparent soil based on superabsorbent polymer (SAP) has the potential of combining the advantages of current in vivo and in vitro culture methods without the constraints associated with either technique (opacity and sterility). Here we describe a SAP-based autotrophic culture as an alternative to current in vivo and in vitro culture methods. This system using two-compartment Petri dishes makes it easy to initiate single-spore cultures and to monitor fungal propagation. The SAP-based autotrophic system allowed the establishment of single-spore cultures of seven species (Diversispora varaderana, Funneliformis geosporus, Gigaspora rosea, Racocetra fulgida, Rhizophagus irregularis, R. intraradices and Sclerocystis sp.) from six genera and three families. Cultures were maintained over several months under non-sterile conditions. The Petri dishes avoid the problem of cross contamination and they can be stacked for space optimization. The grains of SAP colonized with new spores were used as inoculum to initiate new cultures in the SAP-based system. The SAP-based autotrophic culture method is a low-cost and low-tech approach, which makes the study of AMF much more accessible.
Recent potential application of rice husk as an eco-friendly adsorbent for removal of heavy metals
Authors: Okoro Hussein K. , Alao Sikirat M. , Pandey Sadanand , Jimoh Ismaila , Basheeru Kazeem A. , Caliphs Zvinowanda , Ngila Jane C. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEnvironmental contamination by heavy metals has continued to be a source of serious concerns to researchers because of its far-reaching implications on the earth as we know it. This is because environmental pollution occasioned by heavy metals (HMs) which are non-biodegradable pose direct or indirect negative effects on environmental health, including that of plants, animals, and humans owing to their increased bioaccumulation in environmental matrices. Wastewater from industries producing chemicals is disposed of directly without proper treatment into the environment. However, HMs enter the food chains and food webs via the air, water, and soil, thereby inducing several diseases and disorders in both humans and animals. The features of rice husk (RH) as novel adsorbent are because it is chemically stable as well as being insoluble in water in addition to its large surface area relative to other agricultural waste products. There is an increasingly high awareness of the roles played by RH in environmental uses or applications for the sequestration of environmentally harmful chemical substances This review summarizes some recent developments in the use of RH and its derivatives as an environmentally friendly adsorbent that is highly suitable for the removal of heavy metal.
Contents and spatial distribution patterns of heavy metals in the hinterland of the Tengger Desert, China
Authors: Wang Zhao , Wei Junjie , Peng Wenbin , Zhang Rui , Zhang Haobo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe desert in northern China is one of important sources of loess and one significant source of material for sandstorms in Asia. The sand/dust that is transported from desert when sandstorms occur can destroy the growth of crops, cause serious losses and great harm to the economic construction and life safety, and cause natural environment pollution. Hence, it is very important to deepen the research into heavy metals in surface deposits at vulnerable ecological region of arid land of northern China to guide local industrial and agricultural development and improve environmental protection. In this research, 10 heavy metal elements (Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, and Th) were tested and analyzed in 33 soil sample sites collected from the hinterland of the Tengger Desert, northern China. The results showed that the average abundance of Th exceeded its background soil value of China by more than 5.2 times, which suggests that the Tengger Desert is polluted by Th. In addition, based on principal component analysis, spatial differentiation, and correlation analysis, we identified the source of element with a coefficient of variation in abundance of greater than 0.5 or exceeding the background soil value of China. Principal component analysis and correlation analysis showed that the sources of heavy metals of Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Cd were similar, while those of Th and Zn were different. Moreover, based on the contents and spatial distribution characteristics of those heavy metal elements, we found that the formation of heavy metal elements enrichment areas is caused by industrial pollution, development of irrigated agricultural, geological, and geomorphic conditions, and the sedimentary environment in the study area. Our result can provide information on the environmental background values of soils in the hinterland of the Tengger Desert.