bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of the first 1119 SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron variant cases, in Marseille, France, November−December 2021
Authors: Houhamdi Linda , Gautret Philippe , Hoang Van Thuan , Fournier Pierre‐Edouard , Colson Philippe , Raoult Didier 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOne thousand one hundred and nineteen cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) Omicron variant cases have been diagnosed at the Institut Hospitalo‐Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France, between November 28, 2021, and December 31, 2021. Among the 825 patients with known vaccination status, 383 (46.4%) were vaccinated, of whom 91.9% had received at least two doses of the vaccine. Interestingly, 26.3% of cases developed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection within 21 days following the last dose of vaccine suggesting possible early production of anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 facilitating antibodies. Twenty‐one patients have been hospitalized, one patient required intensive care, and another patient who received a vaccine booster dose died.
Fewer daily steps are associated with greater cartilage oligomeric matrix protein response to loading post‐ACL reconstruction
Authors: Davis‐Wilson Hope C. , Thoma Louise M. , Johnston Christopher D. , Young Emma , Evans‐Pickett Alyssa , Spang Jeffrey T. , Blackburn J. Troy , Hackney Anthony C. , Pietrosimone Brian 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAberrant joint loading contributes to the development of posttraumatic knee osteoarthritis (PTOA) following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR); yet little is known about the association between joint loading due to daily walking and cartilage health post‐ACLR. Accelerometer‐based measures of daily steps and cadence (i.e., rate of steps/min) provide information regarding daily walking in a real‐world setting. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between changes in serum cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP; %∆COMP), a mechanosensitive biomarker that is associated with osteoarthritis progression, following a standardized walking protocol and daily walking in individuals with ACLR and uninjured controls. Daily walking was assessed over 7 days using an accelerometer worn on the right hip in 31 individuals with ACLR and 21 controls and quantified as mean steps/day and time spent in ≥100 steps/min. Serum COMP was measured before and following a 3000‐step walking protocol at a preferred speed. %∆COMP was calculated as a change in COMP relative to the prewalking value. Linear regressions were used to examine associations between daily walking and %∆COMP after adjusting for preferred speed. Fewer daily steps (ΔR2 = 0.18, p = 0.02) and fewer minutes spent in ≥100 steps/min (ΔR2 = 0.16, p = 0.03) were associated with greater %∆COMP following walking in individuals with ACLR; no statistically significant associations existed in controls (daily steps: ΔR2 = 0.03, p = 0.47; time ≥100 steps/min: ΔR2 < 0.01, p = 0.81). Clinical significance: Individuals with ACLR who engage in less daily walking undergo greater %ΔCOMP, which may represent greater cartilage degradation or turnover in response to walking.
Reliability assessment of the classification for facial peri‐implant soft tissue dehiscence/deficiencies (PSTDs): A multi‐center inter‐rater agreement study of different skill‐level practitioners
Authors: Barootchi Shayan , Mancini Leonardo , Heck Teresa , Zucchelli Giovanni , Stefanini Martina , Kazarian Emilia , Rasperini Giulio , Wang Hom‐Lay , Tavelli Lorenzo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlong with the popularity of dental implants, implant esthetic complications are also on the rise. Recently a classification was proposed to comprehensively evaluate these conditions, with the definition of peri‐implant soft tissue dehiscence/deficiencies (PSTDs). The aim of this article was therefore to test the inter‐examiner agreement when utilizing the established rubrics among 25 standardized cases and 34 clinicians of different skill levels.MethodsTwelve periodontal residents, 12 general dentists, and 10 periodontists participated in this study. All examiners were provided with photographs of 25 single PSTDs and asked to rate all cases based on the proposed classification at a single timepoint. Variance components analysis was conducted with multilevel regression fit in a Bayesian framework to obtain uncertainty intervals for fractional variance contributions and interclass correlation values (ICC) to assess the agreement in the rating of all cases, among all examiners, different skill‐level practitioners, and to compare their responses relative to the judgment of a gold standard examiner.ResultsOverall, the results showed reproducible and consistent responses among the 34 examiners, and in each subgroup of skill‐level, comparable to that of the gold examiner. Nevertheless, periodontists and residents were more likely to agree with the response of the gold standard examiner in their assessments of class and subclass of the PSTDs.ConclusionsThe proposed PSTD classification showed reproducible assessments among all examiners, and between examiners of the same skill‐level. The response of the gold standard examiner was more in line with the assessment of the periodontists and periodontal residents.
Low‐temperature elevated‐metal metal‐oxide thin‐film transistors and circuit building blocks on a flexible substrate
Authors: Shi Runxiao , Wang Sisi , Xia Zhihe , Wong Man 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA low‐temperature (300°C) thin‐film transistor (TFT) technology based on the elevated‐metal metal‐oxide device architecture has been developed and deployed for realizing basic circuit building blocks on a polyimide (PI) flexible substrate. Both digital and analog circuit blocks have been simulated, fabricated, and characterized. Exhibiting insignificant impact on the performance of the TFTs, a 308‐nm excimer laser was used to lift‐off the PI from its glass‐carrier substrate. Based on a multi‐“threshold voltage” technology allowing both depletion‐ and enhancement‐mode TFTs, alternative area‐saving, ratio‐less building blocks have been designed and simulated. The required tuning of the threshold voltage could be accomplished by selective fluorination, laser annealing, incorporation of multiple semiconducting metal oxides, or deployment of a dual‐gate architecture.
Prognostic and Treatment Differences Between T1a and T1b Glottic Cancer
Authors: Syal Amit , Lott David G. , Zhang Nan , Karle William E. 
Published: January 2022

ObjectivesThis study was designed to evaluate significant differences in treatment and survival outcomes between patients with T1a and T1b glottic cancer.MethodsPatients within the SEER Research Plus, 18 Registries dataset who were diagnosed with Stage I T1a or T1b cancer of the glottis between 2004 and 2015 were included in this study. Data prior to 2004 could not be included, as the SEER database did not distinguish between T1a and T1b glottic cancer until that year.ResultsThe 5‐year disease‐specific survival for T1a patients was significantly better than that of patients diagnosed with T1b glottic cancer. Age and year of diagnosis were also independent factors that impacted mortality. More patients who were diagnosed with T1b glottic cancer underwent external beam radiation than those diagnosed with T1a glottic cancer.ConclusionOur data shows that there are several independent factors effecting mortality including T classification, age at time of diagnosis, and year of diagnosis. T1a glottic cancers also show a significantly better prognosis compared with T1b. T1b glottic cancers are much more likely to be treated with primary radiotherapy compared with surgery.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 132:2187–2193, 2022
Differential effects of elevated pCO2 and warming on marine phytoplankton stoichiometry
Authors: Velthuis Mandy , Keuskamp Joost. A. , Bakker Elisabeth S. , Boersma Maarten , Sommer Ulrich , van Donk Ellen , Van de Waal Dedmer B. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPhytoplankton stand at the base of the marine food‐web, and play a major role in global carbon cycling. Rising CO2 levels and temperatures are expected to enhance growth and alter carbon:nutrient stoichiometry of marine phytoplankton, with possible consequences for the functioning of marine food‐webs and the oceanic carbon pump. To date, however, the consistency of phytoplankton stoichiometric responses remains unclear. We therefore performed a meta‐analysis on data from experimental studies on stoichiometric responses of marine phytoplankton to elevated pCO2 and 3–5° warming under nutrient replete and limited conditions. Our results demonstrate that elevated pCO2 increased overall phytoplankton C:N (by 4%) and C:P (by 9%) molar ratios under nutrient replete conditions, as well as phytoplankton growth rates (by 6%). Nutrient limitation amplified the CO2 effect on C:N and C:P ratios, with increases to 27% and 17%, respectively. In contrast to elevated pCO2, warming did not consistently alter phytoplankton elemental composition. This could be attributed to species‐ and study‐specific increases and decreases in stoichiometry in response to warming. While our observed moderate CO2‐driven changes in stoichiometry are not likely to drive marked changes in food web functioning, they are in the same order of magnitude as current and projected estimations of oceanic carbon export. Therefore, our results may indicate a stoichiometric compensation mechanism for reduced oceanic carbon export due to declining primary production in the near future.
VESPA ASL: VElocity and SPAtially Selective Arterial Spin Labeling
Authors: Woods Joseph G. , Wong Eric C. , Boyd Emma C. , Bolar Divya S. 
Published: January 2022

PurposeSpatially selective arterial spin labeling (ASL) perfusion MRI is sensitive to arterial transit times (ATT) that can result in inaccurate perfusion quantification when ATTs are long. Velocity‐selective ASL is robust to this effect because blood is labeled within the imaging region, allowing immediate label delivery. However, velocity‐selective ASL cannot characterize ATTs, which can provide important clinical information. Here, we introduce a novel pulse sequence, called VESPA ASL, that combines velocity‐selective and pseudo‐continuous ASL to simultaneously label different pools of arterial blood for robust cerebral blood flow (CBF) and ATT measurement.MethodsThe VESPA ASL sequence is similar to velocity‐selective ASL, but the velocity‐selective labeling is made spatially selective, and pseudo‐continuous ASL is added to fill the inflow time. The choice of inflow time and other sequence settings were explored. VESPA ASL was compared to multi‐delay pseudo‐continuous ASL and velocity‐selective ASL through simulations and test–retest experiments in healthy volunteers.ResultsVESPA ASL is shown to accurately measure CBF in the presence of long ATTs, and ATTs < TI can also be measured. Measurements were similar to established ASL techniques when ATT was short. When ATT was long, VESPA ASL measured CBF more accurately than multi‐delay pseudo‐continuous ASL, which tended to underestimate CBF.ConclusionVESPA ASL is a novel and robust approach to simultaneously measure CBF and ATT and offers important advantages over existing methods. It fills an important clinical need for noninvasive perfusion and transit time imaging in vascular diseases with delayed arterial transit.
A gradient enhanced transversely isotropic damage plasticity model for rock ‐ formulation and comparison of different approaches
Authors: Mader Thomas , Schreter Magdalena , Hofstetter Günter 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe nonlinear mechanical behavior of intact rock and rock mass is characterized by irreversible deformation, associated with strain hardening, strain softening and degradation of stiffness. In the case of stratified rock types like shales or phyllites, the mechanical behavior additionally depends on the loading direction with respect to the orientation of the principal material directions, resulting in inherent anisotropic material behavior, or in many cases more specifically in transversely isotropic material behavior. On the basis of a critical review of several approaches for modeling nonlinear anisotropic material behavior, proposed in the literature, the linear mapping of the Cauchy stress tensor into a fictitious isotropic configuration, originally proposed by Boehler [1], was identified as the best choice for the application in 3D finite element simulations. Within this framework, an isotropic damage plasticity model for rock, proposed by Unteregger et al. [2], extended to inherent transversely isotropic behavior is presented. It is implemented into a FE‐program by means of the return mapping algorithm and it is regularized by an over‐nonlocal implicit gradient enhancement for ensuring mesh‐insensitive results. For validation, numerical simulations of triaxial compression tests on Tournemire shale, documented in Niandou et al. [3], are performed at both the integration point level and the structural level. The performance of the constitutive model is assessed by its ability to predict the complex direction‐dependent mechanical behavior of transversely isotropic rock and the failure modes observed in triaxial compression tests with different confining pressures and different inclination angles of the stratification planes with respect to the direction of axial loading.
BKW EOS: History of Modifications and Further Improvement of Accuracy with Temperature‐Dependent Covolumes of Polar Molecules
Authors: Suceska Muhamed , Chan Hay Yee Serene , Stimac Barbara , Dobrilovic Mario 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA hundred years ago (in 1921) Becker proposed an equation of state in which the repulsive term in van der Waals equation of state was replaced by an exponential function. Twenty years later, Kistiakowsky and Wilson modified Becker's equation and used it to calculate the detonation properties of nitroglycerine and mercury fulminate. The resulting equation of state, commonly called the BKW equation of state, is attributed to Becker, Kistiakowsky, and Wilson. Although it was not founded on a strict theoretical background, the BKW equation of state has been widely adopted in thermochemical codes to predict the detonation properties of explosives. Throughout the years, the accuracy of BKW has been significantly improved through proper calibration of the BKW constants and covolumes. This paper presents the concept of temperature‐dependent covolumes of polar molecules (H2O and NH3) as a way to improve the accuracy of prediction of detonation properties of explosives, especially those explosives producing larger amounts of H2O and NH3. It was demonstrated that temperature‐dependent covolumes describe more accurately experimental shock Hugoniots of polar molecules than constant covolumes, and the accuracy of prediction of detonation properties of HNO types of explosives is greatly improved.
A new PCR based molecular method for early and precise quantification of parasitization in the emerging olive pest Dasineura oleae
Authors: Magagnoli Serena , Tondini Elena , Ratti Claudio , Burgio Giovanni , Petacchi Ruggero 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDDasineura oleae (Angelini 1831) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) was considered a minor pest in olive orchards, but in recent years severe outbreaks have been registered in several Mediterranean countries. Damage is caused by the feeding activity of larvae that induce gall formations and alters the physiological activity of the leaves. In Italy, this pest may be controlled by four Hymenoptera parasitoid species belonging to Platygaster and Mesopolobus genera such as Platygaster demades Walker 1835, Platygaster oleae Szelenyi 1940 (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae), Mesopolobus aspilus (Walker 1835) and Mesopolobus mediterraneus (Mayr 1903) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), but parasitization becomes evident only after gall dissection.RESULTSIn this study, we aim to: (i) design a primer for the detection of specimens belonging to Platygaster and Mesopolobus genera; (ii) develop a multiplex quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) protocol combined to a fast samples DNA extraction method; (iii) apply the developed protocol to field‐collected specimens and compare this method with traditional techniques based on visual estimation of parasitism rate on larvae. Primers were designed to anneal with cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences of Platygaster and Mesopolobus genera while protocols were developed to be fast and capable to process several samples at the same time. Molecular analyses demonstrated to provide almost double of the parasitism rate assessed by visual inspection. Furthermore, on second instar larvae the PCR‐based method was able to detect ten‐fold times the parasitization rate estimated by visual inspection.CONCLUSIONThe application on a greater scale of this newly developed method could be fundamental in the determination of the biological control potential in olive orchards.
Interactions of a temperate North American fish community with a very low head hydropower facility in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Tuononen Erik I. , Cooke Steven J. , Lédée Elodie J.I. , Timusk Evan R. , Smokorowski Karen E. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEfforts are underway to re‐evaluate the use of existing instream infrastructure (e.g., weirs, water control dams) for the purposes of hydroelectric generation, with new very low head turbine technology that is purportedly “fish friendly” making retrofitting a viable option. This is the case at Wasdell Falls on the Severn River, ON, Canada, where the first very low head (VLH) turbines in Canada were put into operation at a long‐standing low‐head dam site. There is little information regarding fish usage of areas upstream from these structures and how this may relate to entrainment risk. Therefore, we assessed the risk of entrainment based on fish use of the forebay areas upstream from the infrastructure, including the forebay of three operating VLH turbines. Acoustic telemetry was used to determine movements and entrainment events of eight north temperate fish species. Entrainment through the VLH turbines did not occur over the course of one year, however, several fish did move downstream via other paths (e.g., over the water control structure). Forebay use was exclusive to rock bass, smallmouth bass, northern pike and largemouth bass, whereas channel catfish, walleye, white sucker and pumpkinseed avoided the forebay. When near the dam, fish tended to select deeper areas located away from the VLH forebay. Fish use of the VLH forebay was limited to brief forays indicating exploratory movements rather than prolonged residence. The findings suggest that entrainment risk at this VLH turbine site is low for the species and life stages studied.
Ceria Nanoparticles as an Unexpected Catalyst to Generate Nitric Oxide from S‐Nitrosoglutathione
Authors: Luo Zijie , Zhou Yingzhu , Yang Tao , Gao Yuan , Kumar Priyank , Chandrawati Rona 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCeria nanoparticles (NPs) are widely reported to scavenge nitric oxide (NO) radicals. This study reveals evidence that an opposite effect of ceria NPs exists, that is, to induce NO generation. Herein, S‐nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), one of the most biologically abundant NO donors, is catalytically decomposed by ceria NPs to produce NO. Ceria NPs maintain a high NO release recovery rate and retain their crystalline structure for at least 4 weeks. Importantly, the mechanism of this newly discovered NO generation capability of ceria NPs from GSNO is deciphered to be attributed to the oxidation of Ce3+ to Ce4+ on their surface, which is supported by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory analysis. The prospective therapeutic effect of NO‐generating ceria NPs is evaluated by the suppression of cancer cells, displaying a significant reduction of 93% in cell viability. Overall, this report is, to the authors’ knowledge, the first study to identify the capability of ceria NPs to induce NO generation from GSNO, which overturns the conventional concept of them acting solely as a NO‐scavenging agent. This study will deepen our knowledge about the therapeutic effects of ceria NPs and open a new route toward the NO‐generating systems for biomedical applications.
A Comparative Study of Different Freezing Methods on Water Distribution, Retrogradation, and Digestion Properties of Liangpi (Starch Gel Food)
Authors: Zheng Shuaishuai , Yang Yong , Li Zhen , Pan Zhili , Huang Zhongmin , Ai Zhilu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this work, the effects of refrigerator freezing method (RF), spiral tunnel freezing method (SF), and liquid nitrogen spray freezing method (LF) on water distribution, microstructure, retrogradation, and digestion properties of Liangpi are investigated. Results from SEM and water distribution show the starch gel structure of Liangpi after LF treatment is more continuous, and its A21 content is higher, which are closer to fresh Liangpi, followed by SF and RF. XRD and FT‐IR data indicate that as the freezing rate increases, the relative crystallinity and R1047/1022 value of the samples decrease. This is consistent with the data obtained from texture properties. Texture properties of samples treat by LF and SF are closer to fresh Liangpi, especially the hardness index. The in vitro digestibility of Liangpi also shows the same trend. Therefore, the freezing method with a faster rate could inhibit the starch gel retrogradation, improve the texture properties of Liangpi, and guarantee the quality of Liangpi. However, considering the economics of enterprise production, the spiral tunnel freezing method is more suitable for the actual production of frozen Liangpi. The data obtained provide a theoretical guidance for the actual production of frozen Liangpi.
Power in resilience and resilience's power in climate change scholarship
Authors: Garcia Alicea , Gonda Noémi , Atkins Ed , Godden Naomi Joy , Henrique Karen Paiva , Parsons Meg , Tschakert Petra , Ziervogel Gina 
Published: January 2022

AbstractResilience thinking has undergone profound theoretical developments in recent decades, moving to characterize resilience as a socio‐natural process that requires constant negotiation between a range of actors and institutions. Fundamental to this understanding has been a growing acknowledgment of the role of power in shaping resilience capacities and politics across cultural and geographic contexts. This review article draws on a critical content analysis, applied to a systematic review of recent resilience literature to examine how scholarship has embraced nuanced conceptualizations of how power operates in resilience efforts, to move away from framings that risk reinforcing patterns of marginalization. Advancing a framework inspired by feminist theory and feminist political ecology, we analyze how recent work has presented, documented, and conceptualized how resilience intersects with patterns of inequity. In doing so, we illuminate the importance of knowledge, scale, and subject making in understanding the complex ways in which power and resilience become interlinked. We illustrate how overlooking such complexity may have serious consequences for how socio‐natural challenges and solutions are framed in resilience scholarship and, in turn, how resilience is planned and enacted in practice. Finally, we highlight how recent scholarship is advancing the understandings necessary to make sense of the shifting, contested, and power‐laden nature of resilience. Paying attention to, and building on, such complexity will allow scholarly work to illuminate the ways in which resilience is negotiated within inequitable processes and to address the marginalization of those continuing to bear the brunt of the climate crisis.This article is categorized under:
Climate and Development > Social Justice and the Politics of Development