bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A New Schism: Church Diplomacy and the Ukrainian Crisis
Authors: Arteev S. P. , Sigachev M. I. 
Published: October 2022

Introduction. This article analyzes the behavior of religious actors during the Russian Federation's special military operation in Ukraine. Ecclesiastical (church) diplomacy has gained a lot of attention from the media because of its attempts to resolve the situation. The Ukrainian crisis demonstrates that the relationship between religious actors and states is evolving from a secular model to a post-secular model, the general outline of which, however, has not yet been clearly formed. One way or another, the religious factor has become one of the key factors in the formula for analyzing and solving the Ukrainian crisis.Materials and methods. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study, in addition to general scientific methods, were special political science research tools - actor and institutional approaches, comparative method, case study method.Results of the research. The study revealed the key importance of Christian religious organizations, which more than others seek to participate in the resolution of the Ukrainian crisis and offer a variety of measures. At the same time, there is a commonality of positions between the official authorities of most states and the higher church hierarchs, based on their location. Such political interdependance of church and secular authorities has mixed consequences. Religious actors everywhere reduce the potential of their international political subjectivity. This is particularly noticeable in the case of the Russian Orthodox Church, which is substantially strengthening its position inside Russia but is becoming less influential outside it.Discussions and conclusions. We argue that the world political system will continue to drift away from the ideals of the Modernity and its secular principle. At the same time it is hardly possible to talk about archaization in the form of desecularization. Rather the Ukrainian crisis promotes a post-secular model, a new balance between religion, state power and society. Meanwhile, the confrontational nature of interaction between Christian churches during the Russian special military operation in Ukraine further weakens the ecumenical movement and generates new schisms between Orthodox churches. This also affects the identitarian profile of the societies of the Euro-Atlantic and Eastern European states, which is becoming more flattened.
Due Performance of Contractual Obligations in the Context of Amendments to the Civil Code of the Russian Federation
Authors: Alyakin D. S. 
Published: October 2022

Introduction. The paper examines the structure of due performance of obligations, as well as analyses the principal amendments to the civil law regulation of the relevant relations.Materials and methods. The research material consisted of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, jurisprudence, and scientific studies in the field of civil law. The methodological basis was composed of general scientific (analysis, synthesis, and analogy) and special legal methods (comparative-legal, formallogical, systemic, structural-functional methods, and method of interpretation).Research results. The author notes that the amendments to the Civil Code of the Russian Federation and their construction by the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, despite their focus on ensuring the due performance of obligations and increasing the protection level of rights and legitimate interests of parties, have both advantages and disadvantages that require further study and revision. These amendments are considered in the context of the specific performance of an obligation in relation to the due subject, persons, method, date, venue.Сonclusion. The provisions on legal interest, differentiation between debt and payment currencies, alternative and optional obligations, additional requirements for performing an obligation to a due person, conditional performance of an obligation, possibility to set a date for performing an obligation which is linked to certain actions being performed by a party to a contract or concrete circumstances, date and venue of the performance of an obligation, which were included in the legislation, are well formulated. At the same time, it seems that the legal rules on the transfer of a creditor’s rights to a third party who performed the obligation instead of a debtor, performance of an obligation by a third party, partial performance of an obligation, early performance of an obligation require adjustments.
Using a convolutional neural network to recognize text elements in poor quality scanned images
Authors: Винокуров Игорь Викторович 
Published: October 2022

В работе предложен метод распознавания содержимого отсканированных изображений плохого качества с использованием свёрточных нейронных сетей (CNN) и его программная реализация. Метод состоит из 3-х основных этапов.
На первом этапе осуществляется предобработка изображения с целью выявлении контуров его буквенных и цифровых элементов и основных знаков пунктуации.
На втором этапе содержимое фрагментов изображения внутри выявленных контуров последовательно подаётся на вход CNN, реализующую многоклассовую классификацию.
На третьем, заключительном этапе, осуществляется постобработка совокупности ответов CNN и формирование текстового документа с результатами распознавания.
Все этапы реализованы на языке Python с использованием библиотек глубокого обучения Keras, компьютерного зрения OpenCV и обработки изображений PIL. Предлагаемый в работе способ показал достаточно хорошие результаты распознавания для основных типов ухудшения качества отсканированного изображения — геометрических искажений, размытия границ, различных пометок на исходном и отсканированном изображении и т.п.
Clinical profile of scrub typhus in children at a tertiary care hospital in South India
Authors: Shajahan Nadiya , Sahana K. S. 
Published: October 2022

Objectives:
The objectives of this study were to study the demographic, clinicolaboratory profile and outcome of scrub typhus in affected children.

Material and Methods:
Retrospective descriptive study of children aged 1 month–16 years who were diagnosed with scrub typhus between January 2014 and November 2021, admitted to the paediatric ward and intensive care unit of our hospital.

Results:
A total of 15 patients were included in the study, of which 60% were male and 40% were female. Among the study population, 66.7% of children were aged above 10 years. The cases were seen mainly in the months of October–November. Fever was present in all children. Other symptoms noted were cough (66.7%), chills and rigours (53.3%), headache (53.3%), abdominal pain (40%) and vomiting (33.3%) and rarely altered sensorium. The diagnostic features such as lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly were found in 40 and 46.7% of patients, respectively. Laboratory findings noted were elevated CRP (66.7%) and deranged liver enzymes (93.3%). Scrub typhus IgM, Weil-Felix and febrile agglutination test were positive in 33.3%, 53.3% and 26.7% of cases, respectively. Pneumonia (40%), shock (6.7%) and myocarditis (6.7%) were the common complications present in these children.

Conclusion:
Even in the absence of eschar, the diagnosis of scrub typhus should be strongly considered in any febrile child with lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, thrombocytopaenia and liver dysfunction.
History of Sable Hunting and Restoring of Sable Population in the Kolyma River Basin
Authors: ЧЕПРАСОВ М.Ю. , МОРДОСОВ И.И. 
Published: October 2022

Аннотация. До проникновения русских землепроходцев и «промышленных людей» скотоводческие племена якутов и занимавшиеся разведением оленей племена эвенов, эвенков и другие народности Севера практически не занимались промыслом соболя и других пушных животных. В этот период соболь занимал всю лесную зону Якутии современной территории Якутии, его численность была высокой. Проникновение «промышленных людей» было связано с резким снижением численности соболя в бассейне р. Енисей. Они стали хищнически добывать соболя с применением огромного количества самоловов-кулемок. Служилые люди обложили местное население ясаком, назначая выплату его пушниной, где основной ясачной единицей служили шкурки соболя. С этого времени соболиный промысел прочно вошел в традиционный уклад аборигенного населения этого региона. В результате интенсивного промысла в пределах Центральной Якутии и прилежащихрайонов современной территории Западной Якутии соболь практически исчез к середине XVII века. Это способствовало проникновению «промышленных людей» на Северо-Восток Якутии, где продолжалось хищническое истребление соболя, что привело к полному исчезновению его в начале XVIII века. Работы по восстановлению запасов соболя в Якутии начались с 1930 года с принятием мер, в число которых входило объявление трехлетнего (1936-1941 гг.) и пятилетнего (1946-1950 гг.) запретов промысла, которые не дали ожидаемых результатов по восстановлению ареала соболя. В связи с этим с 1947 года стала проводиться интродукция во многих районахЯкутии, в т. ч. и в бассейне р. Колыма. В пределах Северо-Восточной Якутии (бассейны рек Яна, Индигирка и Колыма) акклиматизационные работы проводились в 1951-1958 гг., когда было выпущено 1855 особей соболя, в т. ч. в бассейне р. Колыма 724 зверька. В результате этих работ былой ареал соболя был восстановлен ипромысел этого вида начался здесь с 1960-х гг. В последние годы наблюдается интенсификация промысла, что привлекает различного рода скупщиков шкурок соболя, деятельность которых ни одной государственной организацией не контролируется. Кроме того, есть факты, что промысел соболя продолжается в марте-апреле, т. е. начинается неконтролируемый промысел, который может подорвать плотность сложившихся популяций вида и, как следствие, может произойти резкое снижение его численности в отдельных наиболее опромышляемых районах.
The Clinicopathological Significance and Prognostic Value of PD-L2 in Patients with HCC, ICC and PAAD: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Gao Meng , Guo Yonghua , Li Jinghua , Chen Xi , Yuan Yufeng , Ma Weijie 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Programmed cell death ligand 2 (PD-L2) is overexpressed in several tumors, and is associated with cancer progression and patient prognosis. Our study was aimed to investigate the clinical and prognostic significance of PD-L2 in hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma and pancreatic cancer via meta-analysis.

Methods:
The PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar were searched till March 4, 2021 for relevant literature published in English. The articles selected based on the pre-defined criteria were further screened and evaluated. Hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) are used to evaluate the effect of PD-L2 level on overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). The relationship between PD-L2 and pathological characteristics was evaluated in terms of the odds ratio (OR). Publication bias was checked.

Results:
Eight studies published from 2007 to 2019 were selected for the meta-analysis including 1725 patients. Our results indicated the high level of PD-L2 correlated positively with shorter OS (HR = 1.77, 95% CI: 1.48–2.10, P < 0.00001) and worse DFS (HR = 1.86, 95% CI: 1.40–2.48, P < 0.0001).PD-L2 level was positively correlated with larger tumors (OR = 1.96, 95% CI: 1.22–3.15, P = 0.005) and worse Barcelona (BCLC) stage (0–A and B–C groups, HR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.34–0.94, p = 0.03), but not with other factors. No obvious publication bias was detected.

Conclusion:
PD-L2 overexpression may predict worse OS and DFS in hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma and pancreatic cancer, and is correlated to tumor size and BCLC stage.
Deteksi mastitis subklinis pada peternakan sapi perah di wilayah kanigoro, Blitar
Authors: Afrilia Tika Fitria Wulan , Faradila Riska , Shofi Ananda Rifqi , Arifianto Ahmad Drajat 
Published: October 2022

Mastitis is an inflammatory of the udder internal tissue with different causes and degrees of severity, duration and diseases caused by vaiorus causative agent. This disease is very harmfull because it caused a reduction in milk production, the additional costs of medicines causing economic losses for farmers. This tesearch was a descriptive research. Detection was done by talking milk sampel on dairy cattle and was reacted with California Mastits Test (CMT) reagents which were circukated circuary for 10-15 seconds. This result about mastitis subklinis tested using by California Mastitis Test (CMT) in Kanigoro, Blitar. From 134 milk sampel showed 104 (76,4 %) samples positive mastitis subkkinis. The subclinical mastitis factor was influenced by cowshed management and milking of livestock, because sanitation and hygiene influenced to the level of bacterial contamination.
Thermal Cyclic Life of Functionally-Graded Gadolinium Zirconate/Yttria Stabilized Zirconia Thermal Barrier Coating
Authors: Johari Azril Dahari , Manap Abreeza , Yunus Salmi Mohd 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this study, two types of thermal barrier coatings (TBC); duplex and functionally graded coatings were deposited on superalloy Nimonic 263 substrates using air plasma spray process. The duplex coating consists of YSZ top coat and NiCrAlY bond coat. The functionally graded coating consists of five layers with GZ as top layer, GZ+YSZ and YSZ+NiCrAlY as intermediate layers. The TBC samples were subjected to isothermal heat treatment at 1100 °C for 100 hours before undergoing thermal cyclic tests at 1200 °C up to 20% spallation to evaluate the oxidation and thermal fatigue resistance of the coatings. Results indicate that the functionally graded GZ TBC has a better cyclic life than the duplex YSZ TBC after isothermal heat treatment. The isothermal heat treatment also improved the thermal cyclic lifetime of the functionally graded GZ TBC by more than threefold in comparison to the as-sprayed GZ TBC.
Fabrication of Ceramic Coatings by Cold-Spray in Agglomerated Y2O3 Particles
Authors: Yang Yang , Han Rifei , Kong Lingyan , Xiong Tianying , Li Tiefan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
As a candidate material against plasma etching, yttrium oxide has been coated onto etching chamber by plasma spray technique. However, the plasma spray technique introduces undesirable coating properties such as porous structure and deleterious thermal effects. To reduce the disadvantage of thermal impact, cold spray was used as an alternative technology to deposit thick and dense yttrium oxide coatings. Primary nanoscale Y2O3 were used as the original powder, for the ceramic materials are intrinsic brittle and are difficult to be deposited by cold spray. The nano-powder were first agglomerated by hydrothermal treatment with addition of inorganic salt to acquire suitable powder for cold spray, and then deposited on aluminum alloy 6061 substrates by cold spray process with compressed air as propellant gas. About 200μm yttrium oxide coatings were formed on the substrate alloy. Different processing parameters were employed to optimize microstructure and properties of the coating.
Study of Mechanical Performance and Residual Stress in Kinetic Metallization WC-Co Coatings
Authors: Ang Andrew S.M. , Berndt Christopher C. , Luzin Vladimir , Crowe Travis , Gabel Howard 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The metal finishing process of electrolytic hard chrome (EHC) plating has been identified as a source of environmental pollution in most industrialized countries like Australia, Europe and USA. The key driver for the technology replacement is that the EHC plating process uses hexavalent chromium, which is a known carcinogen. Our previous research has identified that cold spray nanostructured tungsten carbide cobalt (WC-Co) coatings can be a suitable alternative to provide a functional coating in wear applications. This work explores at another similar technology- Kinetic Metallization for deposition of WC-Co coatings. In this work, the objective is to characterize the residual stress profile of these WC-Co coatings that are deposited by the latest KM systems. These coating systems are used in critical applications such as landing gear pistons and axle journals, hydraulic rods, engine shaft journals, and numerous other external surfaces that operate under high cyclic loading conditions. As such, the residual stress developed during the KM coating process has a significant influence on the fatigue properties of the components. Thus, knowledge of stresses and their linkage with other properties and production parameters is essential for the quality control of these critical structures.
Microstructural Characterization and Room Temperature Erosion Behaviour of As-Deposited SPS, EB-PVD and APS YSZ-based TBCs
Authors: Lima Rogerio S. , Guerreiro Bruno M. H. , Aghasibeig Maniya 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The erosion behaviour at room temperature (RT) of as-deposited SPS, EB-PVD and APS YSZ-based TBCs was investigated. All coatings were deposited on Inconel 625 alloy coupons. The same APS CoNiCrAlY bond coat was employed for all SPS and APS TBCs. The erodent material was 50 μm alumina and the impact angles were 15° and 90°. A total of 4 different types of SPS YSZ-based TBCs were tested, which consisted of two distinct columnar-segmented and two distinct columnar-grown microstructures. The EB-PVD and APS YSZ TBCs were employed as benchmarks. The erosion performance of the different TBCs in this study was ranked based on the coating volume loss after wear testing. The TBC microstructures and phase compositions were evaluated via SEM and XRD. The erosion mechanisms of the different TBCs were compared by analyzing the cross-sectional and top surface microstructures of the as-sprayed and eroded TBCs. These are released results from the Surftec Industrial R&D Group of the National Research Council of Canada (NRC).
Phase Stability, Fracture Toughness and Thermal Cycling Behavior of Supersonic Suspension Plasma Sprayed Scandia-Yttria Co-doped Zirconia Thermal Barrier Coatings
Authors: Fan Wei , Bai Yu , Kang Yongxia , Zhang Lei , Li Benqiang 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this work, one new technique named as supersonic suspension plasma spraying (SSPS) is applied to deposit quasi-columnar scandia-yttria co-doped zirconia (ScYSZ) and yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) thermal barrier coatings (TBCs). The phase composition, microstructural evolution, fracture toughness and failure behavior of both TBCs before and after thermal cycling tests at 1300 °C were systematically studied. It was found that both as-sprayed TBCs were fully non-transformable tetragonal (t’) phase. After the thermal cycling test, tetragonal (t) phase and cubic (c) phase formed for the SSPS-YSZ TBC, while single t’ phase retained for the SSPS-ScYSZ coating. The fracture toughness of the ScYSZ coating was comparable or superior to that of the YSZ coating. As for the thermal cycling behavior, the lifetime of the ScYSZ coating was better than that of the YSZ coating, which confirmed that ScYSZ was a promising alternative material for YSZ.
Suspension Sprayed YSZ Thermal Barrier Coatings: Road to Industrial Application
Authors: Barbosa Maria , Toma Filofteia-Laura , Fraunhofer Denise Beitelschmidt , Ligabue Omar , Bursich Simone , Tagliaferri Luca 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) are one of the most promising applications for suspension thermal spraying. By using a liquid feedstock, coating morphologies close to the columnar-like structure of electron-beam physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD) are possible. Additionally, vertically cracked TBC coatings (VC-TBC) have shown a great potential for industrial applications. In this work, we will analyze the process window for TBCs produced by using suspension spraying. Commercially available alcohol- and water-based YSZ suspensions have been processed using suspension atmospheric plasma spraying (S-APS) and suspension high-velocity oxy-fuel (S-HVOF) to achieve both columnar-like and VC morphologies. The coatings have been analyzed and compared in terms of microstructure, phase composition, bond strength and thermal cycling performance. Additionally, the suitability of S-APS and S-HVOF TBCs for industrial applications will be discussed, as well as which actions are needed to increase its competitiveness.
Investigation of Cold Spray on Polymers by Single Particle Impact Experiments
Authors: Che Hanqing , Yue Stephen , Vo Phuong 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Cold spray has been proved to be a viable method for metallization of polymers and polymer composites. It has been reported that the mechanism of cold spray on polymeric substrates is different from the conventional mechanism on metallic substrates (i.e. adiabatic shear instability). In this work, single particle impact experiments were performed on polymeric substrates as well as mild steel. The particle-substrate interactions on different substrates were analyzed. Based on the results, the mechanism of cold spray on polymeric substrates is discussed and compared to that on metallic substrates.
Modeling the Continuous Heat Generation in the Cold Spray Coating Process
Authors: Ozdemir Ozan C. , Chen Qiyong , Muftu Sinan , Champagne Victor K. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In cold spray, 5-150 μm particles (of metal, ceramic, composite, and other materials) are accelerated to supersonic velocities through a deLaval nozzle with an inert gas (generally He or N2) that can reach 1000 °C. In the process, the gas jet impingement on the target and the extreme plastic deformation of impacting particles cause heat generation in the coating layers and the substrate. The heat generation has been argued to cause residual stress, which may cause coating-substrate delamination. In this study, heat generation due to gas impingement and particle plastic deformation has been predicted from CFD and FEA simulations, respectively. Furthermore, a finite volume method has been presented for transiently simulating the coating buildup and bulk heat generation in the coating and the substrate. The model is intended to assist researchers understand thermal affects in the coating process and help design more informed coating patterns to reduce negative thermal effects.
Influence of Grain Size on the Corrosion and Wear Behaviour of HVAF-Sprayed Fe-Based Coatings
Authors: Bobzin K. , Öte M. , Knoch M.A. , Sommer J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The current study investigates the influence of the grain size fraction D of a FeCrB/WC-Co feedstock material on the coating properties. In previous studies, novel FeCrB/WC-Co wear and corrosion protection coatings applied by means of high velocity air-fuel (HVAF) spraying were developed by the authors. It was observed that coatings, which were produced with a slightly decreased powder grain size fraction and identical chemical composition showed improved coating properties, i.e. reduced crack formation in the coating at high powder feed rates . and lower current densities at high overpotentials. The goal of this study is to investigate the influence of the powder grain size fraction on the coating properties in more detail. Furthermore, the underlying mechanism for the improved coating properties, with regard to their corrosion behaviour, is investigated. Therefore, the FeCrB/WC-Co feedstock material with the grain size fractions of -20 +3 μm and -32 +11 μm and identical chemical composition was applied by means of HVAF-spraying and the coatings were subsequently analysed. Light microscopy was used to investigate the microstructure of the coatings. The wear and corrosion properties were analysed using pin-on-disc (POD) and electrochemical polarization tests respectively. XRD-measurements were used to investigate the phase composition and to develop a hypothesis for the different corrosion behaviours of the investigated coatings. The results show that HVAF-sprayed FeCrB/WC-Co coatings produced with a powder grain size fraction of -20 +3 μm exhibit lower current densities at high overpotentials, compared to the coatings produced with a powder grain size fraction of -32 +11 μm.