bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stellar mass as the ‘glocal’ driver of galaxies’ stellar population properties
Authors: Zibetti Stefano , Gallazzi Anna R 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
The properties of the stellar populations in a galaxy are known to correlate with the amount and the distribution of stellar mass. We take advantage of the maps of light-weighted mean stellar age $\mathit {\mathrm{ Age}_{\mathrm{ wr}}}$ and metallicity $\mathit {\mathrm{ Z}_{*\mathrm{ wr}}}$ for a sample of 362 galaxies from the integral-field spectroscopic survey CALIFA (summing up to $\gt 600\, 000$ individual regions of ∼1 kpc linear size), produced in our previous works, to investigate how these local properties react to the local stellar-mass surface density μ* and to the global total stellar mass M* and mean stellar-mass surface density 〈μ*〉e. We establish the existence of (i) a dual μ*–$\mathit {\mathrm{ Age}_{\mathrm{ wr}}}$ relation, resulting in a young sequence and an old ridge, and (ii) a μ*–$\mathit {Z_{*wr}}$ relation, overall independent of the age of the regions. The global mass parameters (M* and, possibly secondarily, 〈μ*〉e) determine the distribution of μ* in a galaxy and set the maximum attainable μ*, which increases with M*. M* affects the shape and normalization of the local relations up to a threshold mass of $\sim 10^{10.3}\, \mathrm{M}_\odot$, above which they remain unchanged. We conclude that stellar mass is a ‘glocal’ (i.e. simultaneously global and local) driver of the stellar population properties. We consider how the local and global mass–age and mass–metallicity relations are connected, and in particular discuss how it is possible, from a single local relation, to produce two different global mass–metallicity relations for quiescent and star-forming galaxies, respectively, as reported in the literature. Structural differences in these two classes of galaxies are key to explain the duality in global scaling relations and appear as essential in modelling the baryonic cycle of galaxies.
Magnetic field strength in cosmic web filaments
Authors: Carretti Ettore , Vacca V , O’Sullivan S P , Heald G H , Horellou C , Röttgering H J A , Scaife A M M , Shimwell T W , Shulevski A , Stuardi C , Vernstrom T 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
We used the rotation measure (RM) catalogue derived from the LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey Data Release 2 (LoTSS DR2) at 144 MHz to measure the evolution with redshift of the extragalactic RM (RRM: Residual RM) and the polarization fraction (p) of sources in low-density environments. We also measured the same at 1.4 GHz by cross-matching with the NRAO VLA Sky Survey RM catalogue. We find that RRM versus redshift is flat at 144 MHz, but, once redshift-corrected, it shows evolution at high significance. Also, p evolves with redshift with a decrement by a factor of ∼8 at z ∼ 2. Comparing the 144-MHz and 1.4-GHz data, we find that the observed RRM and p are most likely to have an origin local to the source at 1.4 GHz, while a cosmic web filament origin is favoured at 144 MHz. If we attribute the entire signal to filaments, we infer a mean rest-frame RRM per filament of RRM$_{\rm 0,f} = 0.71 \pm 0.07 \, \, \rm rad\, m^{-2}$ and a magnetic field per filament of Bf = 32 ± 3 nG. This is in agreement with estimates obtained with a complementary method based on synchrotron emission stacking, and with cosmological simulations if primordial magnetic fields are amplified by astrophysical source field seeding. The measurement of an RRM0, f supports the presence of diffuse baryonic gas in filaments. We also estimated a conservative upper limit of the filament magnetic turbulence of $\sigma _{\rm RRM_{\rm 0,f}} =0.039 \pm 0.001 \, \, \rm rad\, m^{-2}$, concluding that the ordered magnetic field component dominates in filaments.
Cosmic-kite: auto-encoding the cosmic microwave background
Authors: de los Rios Martín 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
In this work, we present the results of the study of the cosmic microwave background temperature–temperature power spectrum through auto-encoders in which the latent variables are the cosmological parameters. This method was trained and calibrated using a data set composed of 80 000 power spectra from random cosmologies computed numerically with the camb code. Due to the specific architecture of the auto-encoder, the encoder part is a model that estimates the maximum-likelihood parameters from a given power spectrum. On the other hand, the decoder part is a model that computes the power spectrum from the cosmological parameters and can be used as a forward model in a fully Bayesian analysis. We show that the encoder is able to estimate the true cosmological parameters with a precision varying from $\approx 0.004 {{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ to $\approx 0.2 {{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ (depending on the cosmological parameter), while the decoder computes the power spectra with a mean percentage error of $\approx 0.0018 {{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ for all the multipole range. We also demonstrate that the decoder recovers the expected trends when varying the cosmological parameters one by one, and that it does not introduce any significant bias on the estimation of cosmological parameters through a Bayesian analysis. These studies gave place to the cosmic-kite python software, which is publicly available and can be downloaded and installed from https://github.com/Martindelosrios/cosmic-kite. Although this algorithm does not improve the precision of the measurements compared with the traditional methods, it reduces significantly the computation time and represents the first attempt towards forcing the latent variables to have a physical interpretation.
Quantifying the risk and dosimetric variables of symptomatic brainstem injury after proton beam radiation in pediatric brain tumors
Authors: Upadhyay Rituraj , Liao Kaiping , Grosshans David R , McGovern Susan L , Frances McAleer Mary , Zaky Wafik , Chintagumpala Murali M , Mahajan Anita , Nana Yeboa Debra , Paulino Arnold C 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
Brainstem toxicity after radiation therapy (RT) is a devastating complication and a particular concern with proton radiation (PBT). We investigated the incidence and clinical correlates of brainstem injury in pediatric brain tumors treated with PBT.

Methods
All patients &lt;21 years with brain tumors treated with PBT at our institution from 2007–2019, with a brainstem Dmean &gt;30 Gy and/or Dmax &gt;50.4 Gy were included. Symptomatic brainstem injury (SBI) was defined as any new or progressive cranial neuropathy, ataxia, and/or motor weakness with corresponding radiographic abnormality within brainstem.

Results
A total of 595 patients were reviewed and 468 (medulloblastoma = 200, gliomas = 114, ependymoma = 87, ATRT = 43) met our inclusion criteria. Median age at RT was 6.3 years and median prescribed RT dose was 54Gy [RBE]. Fifteen patients (3.2%) developed SBI, at a median of 4 months after RT. Grades 2, 3, 4, and 5 brainstem injuries were seen in 7, 5, 1, and 2 patients respectively. Asymptomatic radiographic changes were seen in 51 patients (10.9%). SBI was significantly higher in patients with age ≤3 years, female gender, ATRT histology, patients receiving high-dose chemotherapy with stem cell rescue, and those not receiving craniospinal irradiation. Patients with SBI had a significantly higher V50–52. In 2014, our institution started using strict brainstem dose constraints (Dmax ≤57 Gy, Dmean ≤52.4 Gy, and V54≤10%). There was a trend towards decrease in SBI from 4.4% (2007-2013) to 1.5% (2014–2019) (P = .089) without affecting survival.

Conclusion
Our results suggest a low risk of SBI after PBT for pediatric brain tumors, comparable to photon therapy. A lower risk was seen after adopting strict brainstem dose constraints.
Design of Financial Incentive Programs for Smoking Cessation: A Discrete Choice Experiment
Authors: Breen Rachel J , Palmer Matthew A , Frandsen Mai , Ferguson Stuart G 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Financial incentive programs promote smoking cessation. However, the incentive amount which should be provided—and how this may interact with other program characteristics—is unknown. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of the design of incentive programs for smoking cessation on current smokers’ perceptions of programs and willingness to enroll.

Method
An online discrete choice experiment was conducted amongst adult current smokers residing in the United Kingdom (N = 430). Hypothetical incentive programs were described using five attributes (incentive amount, incentive type, frequency of sessions, reward schedules, program location). Participants responded to a series of choice sets comprised of two hypothetical programs. For each set, participants selected their preferred program. They then specified whether they would enroll in their preferred program if it were available. Analyses also considered the effect of participant income on preferences.

Results
Overall, participants preferred higher amounts over lower amounts, cash over vouchers, healthcare settings over workplaces, and consistent amounts over an escalating schedule. One session per week was the most preferred session frequency. Willingness to enroll increased quadratically with the incentive amount, although this increase slowed for higher amounts. Although middle- and high-income smokers preferred slightly higher amounts (cf. low-income participants), enrollment choices did not differ by income.

Conclusion
The characteristics of incentive programs influence smokers’ perceptions of programs and willingness to enroll. Higher amounts may encourage greater enrollment rates, but there will likely be a ceiling point beyond which increasing the incentive amount does not meaningfully increase enrollments.

Implications
There is increasing evidence incentive programs aid smoking cessation. Yet, the variety in previous program designs means how to best structure programs, including optimal incentive amount and the impact of the design on potential enrollment rates, remains unclear. This study suggests enrollments may be highest when incentive amounts are higher, rewards of a consistent amount in cash are provided, and sessions occur once per week in a healthcare setting. Although higher-income participants may desire higher incentive amounts compared to lower-income participants, this may not translate into differences in willingness to enroll.
CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1 promotes seed germination by destabilizing RGA-LIKE 2 in Arabidopsis
Authors: Lee Byoung-Doo , Yim Yehyun , Cañibano Esther , Kim Suk-Hwan , García-León Marta , Rubio Vicente , Fonseca Sandra , Paek Nam-Chon 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Under favorable moisture, temperature, and light conditions, gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis is induced and triggers seed germination. A major mechanism by which GA promotes seed germination is by promoting the degradation of the DELLA protein RGA-LIKE 2 (RGL2), a major repressor of germination in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seeds. Analysis of seed germination phenotypes of constitutive photomorphogenic 1 (cop1) mutants and complemented COP1-OX/cop1-4 lines in response to GA and paclobutrazol (PAC) suggested a positive role for COP1 in seed germination and a relation with GA signaling. cop1-4 mutant seeds showed PAC hypersensitivity, but transformation with a COP1 overexpression construct rendered them PAC insensitive, with a phenotype similar to that of rgl2 mutant (rgl2-SK54) seeds. Furthermore, cop1-4 rgl2-SK54 double mutants showed a PAC-insensitive germination phenotype like that of rgl2-SK54, identifying COP1 as an upstream negative regulator of RGL2. COP1 interacted directly with RGL2, and in vivo this interaction was strongly enhanced by SUPPRESSOR OF PHYA-105 1. COP1 directly ubiquitinated RGL2 to promote its degradation. Moreover, GA stabilized COP1 with consequent RGL2 destabilization. By uncovering this COP1–RGL2 regulatory module, we reveal a mechanism whereby COP1 positively regulates seed germination and controls the expression of germination-promoting genes.
The MOTION Study: A Randomized Controlled Trial with Objective Real-World Outcomes for Lumbar Spinal Stenosis Patients Treated with the mild® Procedure: One-Year Results
Authors: Deer Timothy R , Costandi Shrif J , Washabaugh Edward , Chafin Timothy B , Wahezi Sayed E , Jassal Navdeep , Sayed Dawood 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objective
The purpose of this study is to provide Level-1 objective, real-world outcome data for patients with lumbar spinal stenosis suffering from neurogenic claudication secondary to hypertrophic ligamentum flavum.

Design
The MOTION Study is a prospective, multicenter, randomized controlled trial comparing the mild® Procedure (minimally invasive lumbar decompression; Vertos Medical, Aliso Viejo, CA, USA) as a first-line therapy in combination with nonsurgical conventional medical management (CMM) vs CMM alone as the active control.

Methods
Patients in the test group received the mild Procedure at baseline. Both the mild+CMM group and the control group were allowed unrestricted access to conventional real-world therapies. Patient-reported outcomes included the Oswestry Disability Index, the Zurich Claudication Questionnaire, and the Numeric Pain Rating Scale. A validated Walking Tolerance Test, the incidence of subsequent lumbar spine interventions, and the occurrence of adverse events were used to measure objective outcomes.

Results
Sixty-nine patients in each group were analyzed at 1-year follow-up. No device- or procedure-related adverse events were reported in either group. Results from all primary and secondary outcome measures showed statistical significance in favor of mild+CMM.

Conclusions
One-year results of this Level-1 study demonstrated superiority of mild+CMM over CMM alone for patients with lumbar spinal stenosis who were suffering from neurogenic claudication secondary to hypertrophic ligamentum flavum. Use of the validated Walking Tolerance Test to objectively measure increased ability to walk without severe symptoms provided evidence of statistically significantly better outcomes for mild+CMM than for CMM alone. With no reported device or procedure-related adverse events, the long-standing safety profile of the mild Procedure was reaffirmed. mild is a safe, durable, minimally invasive procedure that has been shown to be effective as an early interventional therapy for patients suffering from symptomatic lumbar spinal stenosis.
Mood and Anxiety Symptoms in Persons Taking Prescription Opioids: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analyses of Longitudinal Studies
Authors: Leung Janni , Santo Thomas , Colledge-Frisby Samantha , Mekonen Tesfa , Thomson Kate , Degenhardt Louisa , Connor Jason P , Hall Wayne , Stjepanović Daniel 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objective
To review evidence from longitudinal studies on the association between prescription opioid use and common mood and anxiety symptoms.

Design
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.

Methods
We searched PubMed, Embase, and PsycINFO for search terms related to opioids AND (depression OR bipolar OR anxiety OR post-traumatic stress disorder [PTSD]). Findings were summarized narratively, and random-effects meta-analyses were used to pool effect sizes.

Results
We identified 10,290 records and found 10 articles that met our inclusion criteria. Incidence studies showed that people who used prescription opioids had an elevated risk of any mood outcome (adjusted effect size [aES] = 1.80 [95% confidence interval = 1.40–2.30]) and of an anxiety outcome (aES = 1.40 [1.20–1.80]) compared with those who did not use prescription opioids. Associations with depression were small and not significant after adjustment for potential confounders (aES = 1.18 [0.98–1.41]). However, some studies reported an increased risk of depressive symptoms after increased (aES = 1.58 [1.30–1.93]) or prolonged opioid use (aES = 1.49 [1.19–1.86]).

Conclusions
Mental health should be considered when opioids are prescribed because some patients could be vulnerable to adverse mental health outcomes.
Displaced Persons’ Experiences of Trauma and Responses to Contemporary Crisis in Europe: An Oral History of Engagement with Refugees
Authors: Stroja Jessica 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The contemporary refugee crisis is an ongoing global concern. For the many East European displaced persons who were resettled in Queensland following the Second World War, these events are particularly poignant. Their prior experiences of violence, incarceration and encampment are being echoed in current developments, and contribute to their approach towards these events today. While scholars have considered generalised public attitudes towards refugees, little comparative research exists to assess the impact of this situation on displaced persons in Australia. Even less knowledge exists to inform practitioners’, scholars’, and policy makers’ understanding of how former refugees are engaging with this current crisis, and thus how resettled refugees can be supported as they reconcile their own experiences of violence and loss with public debate surrounding the validity of refugees’ claims for asylum. This article shows that the displacement and trauma of post-war Polish, Ukrainian, and Latvian displaced persons retain an ongoing influence on their perceptions of crisis and displacement in the present. It reveals a unique response to mass refugee movements that speaks to their own experiences as displaced persons. This reflects the way in which these displaced families’ remembered experiences have become crucial to their engagement with contemporary events and refugees.
Neural correlates of negative emotion processing in subthreshold depression
Authors: Zhang Shu , Zhang Yuan , Ma Wenhao , Qi Zhangzhang , Wang Ying , Tao Qian 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Subthreshold depression (SD) is regarded as a major risk factor for major depression. However, little is known about the neural mechanism of negative emotion processing in SD. The study aimed to examine the different neural correlates for negative emotion processing in SD and health controls (HCs) and to investigate changes in functional connectivity in SD compared with HC. Blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) responses of SD and HC were captured while performing a passive viewing task, which comprised a negative condition and a masked condition. A total of 42 SD and 32 HC adolescents participated in the study. Between-group comparisons revealed significant reduced activations in the superior frontal gyrus (SFG), middle frontal gyrus and middle cingulate gyrus. Region of interest (ROI) analyses did not find correlations between contrast values of the ROIs and depressive symptoms. In addition, we found a significant increased functional connectivity between the SFG and caudate, pallidum and insula, which was significantly correlated with depressive symptoms in the SD group (P &lt; 0.05). Altered functional connectivity between the SFG and caudate, pallidum and insula may underlie the pathology of SD. This is the first study to investigate neural mechanisms of negative emotion processing in SD using task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging.
Unboxing knowledge in collaboration between academia and society: A story about conceptions and epistemic uncertainty
Authors: Jonsson Anna , Grafström Maria , Klintman Mikael 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPolicymakers increasingly emphasize knowledge collaboration between academia and society as important means to generate innovations and solve complex issues. However, while recent literature on such collaboration suggests that knowledge needs to be integrated and generated across disciplines and sectors, there are surprisingly few studies that define what is meant by ‘knowledge’ or focus on the process of generating knowledge. Subsequently, the aim of this paper is to unbox ‘knowledge’ in knowledge collaboration by focusing specifically on how knowledge is understood by heterogenous actors during the process of generating knowledge. We build on insights from an in-depth case study and contribute to the literature on knowledge collaboration by bringing in theory on boundary work that specifically addresses the knowledge generation process. We argue that to better meet the expectations of collaboration, there is a need for more discussions and focus on the participating stakeholders’ heterogenous epistemological as well as ontological understanding.
Synergistic Effects of a Root-Endophytic Trichoderma Fungus and Bacillus on Early Root Colonization and Defense Activation Against Verticillium longisporum in Rapeseed
Authors: Hafiz Fatema Binte , Moradtalab Narges , Goertz Simon , Rietz Steffen , Dietel Kristin , Rozhon Wilfried , Humbeck Klaus , Geistlinger Joerg , Neumann Günter , Schellenberg Ingo 
Published: February 2022

Rhizosphere-competent microbes often interact with plant roots and exhibit beneficial effects on plant performance. Numerous bacterial and fungal isolates are able to prime host plants for fast adaptive responses against pathogen attacks. Combined action of fungi and bacteria may lead to synergisms exceeding effects of single strains. Individual beneficial fungi and bacteria have been extensively studied in Arabidopsis thaliana, but little is known about their concerted actions in the Brassicaceae. Here, an in-vitro system with oilseed rape (Brassica napus) was established. Roots of two different cultivars were inoculated with well-characterized fungal (Trichoderma harzianum OMG16) and bacterial (Bacillus velezensis FZB42) isolates alone or in combination. Microscopic analysis confirmed that OMG16 hyphae entered root hairs through root hair tips and formed distinct intracellular structures. Quantitative PCR revealed that root colonization of OMG16 increased up to 10-fold in the presence of FZB42. Relative transcript levels of the ethylene- and jasmonic acid–responsive genes PDF1.2, ERF2, and AOC3 were recorded in leaves by quantitative reverse transcription PCR to measure induced systemic resistance in tissues distant from the roots. Combined action of OMG16 and FZB42 induced transcript abundances more efficiently than single inoculation. Importantly, microbial priming reduced Verticillium longisporum root infection in rapeseed by approximately 100-fold compared with nonprimed plants. Priming also led to faster and stronger systemic responses of the defense genes PDF1.2, ERF2, AOC3, and VSP2. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Clinical Investigation of Fertility After Uterine Artery Embolization
Authors: Serres-Cousine Olivier , Kuijper Fiene Marie , Curis Emmanuel , Atashroo Diana 
Published: February 2022

(Abstracted from Am J Obstet Gynecol 2021;225:403.e1–403.e22)
The most common tumors of the reproductive tract are uterine myomas (leiomyomata, fibroids). These benign tumors are often symptomatic in women of reproductive age and can affect fertility, pregnancy, and childbirth.