bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
To Wrap or Not? Utility of Anti-reflux Procedure in Infants Needing Gastrostomy Tubes
Authors: Khan Faraz A. , Nestor Kelsey , Hashmi Asra , Islam Saleem 
Published: March 2022

PurposeGastrostomy tube (GT) insertion is commonly performed in children with failure to thrive. Pediatric patients' frequently have gastroesophageal reflux (GER) and discerning pathological GER can be challenging. Moreover, there is some evidence that GT insertion may lead to worsening GER and to avoid a subsequent anti-reflux procedure (ARP), though controversial some surgeons advocate considering an ARP concomitantly. The purpose of this report is to assess outcomes in infants who underwent a GT vs. GT with ARP.MethodsRetrospective review of all infants who had a GT placed at a single institution from 2009–2014. The patients were then divided into two cohorts based on the index operation i.e., GT vs GT with ARP and outcomes compared.Results226 operations (104 GT, 122 GT with ARP) were performed. The cohorts were similar in gender, gestational age, race, weight, median age, LOS, and proportion of neurologically impaired patients. Preoperative GER was significantly higher in the GT with ARP cohort (91 vs. 18%). No difference in the rate of immediate complications was noted between the two groups. Postoperative increase in anti-reflux medications was significantly higher in the GT cohort (p = 0.01). Post-op GER needing a secondary procedure (ARP or GJ tube) was noted in 21/104 (20%) patients. Those needing an additional procedure vs. those with GT alone were similar in the proportion of patients with pre-op GER, neurologic impairment, type of feeds, and age.ConclusionIdentifying patients who would benefit from a concomitant ARP remains challenging. A fifth of GT patients needed a subsequent procedure despite most high-risk patients having already undergone an ARP. Since the overall rate of complications remained similar, initial GT approach can be considered reasonable.
Isolation and Pharmacological Characterization of α-Elapitoxin-Oh3a, a Long-Chain Post-Synaptic Neurotoxin From King Cobra (Ophiophagus hannah) Venom
Authors: Huynh Tam M. , Silva Anjana , Isbister Geoffrey K. , Hodgson Wayne C. 
Published: March 2022

The King Cobra (Ophiophagus hannah) is the world’s largest venomous snake and has a widespread geographical distribution throughout Southeast Asia. Despite proteomic studies indicating the presence of postsynaptic neurotoxins in O. hannah venom, there are few pharmacological investigations of these toxins. We isolated and characterized α-elapitoxin-Oh3a (α-EPTX-Oh3a; 7,938 Da), a long-chain postsynaptic neurotoxin, which constitutes 5% of O. hannah venom. α-EPTX-Oh3a (100–300 nM) caused concentration-dependent inhibition of indirect twitches and inhibited contractile responses of tissues to exogenous acetylcholine and carbachol, in the chick biventer cervicis nerve-muscle preparation. The prior incubation of tissues with Thai Red Cross Society King Cobra antivenom (1 ml/0.8 mg) prevented the in vitro neurotoxic effects of α-EPTX-Oh3a (100 nM). The addition of Thai Red Cross Society King Cobra antivenom (1 ml/0.8 mg), at the t90 time point partially reversed the in vitro neurotoxicity of α-EPTX-Oh3a (100 nM). Repeatedly washing the tissue did not allow significant recovery from the in vitro neurotoxic effects of α-EPTX-Oh3a (100 nM). α-EPTX-Oh3a demonstrated pseudo-irreversible antagonism of concentration-response curves to carbachol, with a pA2 of 8.99. De novo sequencing of α-EPTX-Oh3a showed a long-chain postsynaptic neurotoxin with 72 amino acids, sharing 100% sequence identity with Long neurotoxin OH-55. In conclusion, the antivenom is useful for reversing the clinically important long-chain α-neurotoxin-mediated neuromuscular paralysis.
A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial in Healthy Older Adults to Determine Efficacy of Glycine and N-Acetylcysteine Supplementation on Glutathione Redox Status and Oxidative Damage
Authors: Lizzo Giulia , Migliavacca Eugenia , Lamers Daniela , Frézal Adrien , Corthesy John , Vinyes-Parès Gerard , Bosco Nabil , Karagounis Leonidas G. , Hövelmann Ulrike , Heise Tim , von Eynatten Maximilian , Gut Philipp 
Published: March 2022

Glycine and cysteine are non-essential amino acids that are required to generate glutathione, an intracellular tripeptide that neutralizes reactive oxygen species and prevents tissue damage. During aging glutathione demand is thought to increase, but whether additional dietary intake of glycine and cysteine contributes towards the generation of glutathione in healthy older adults is not well understood. We investigated supplementation with glycine and n-acetylcysteine (GlyNAC) at three different daily doses for 2 weeks (low dose: 2.4 g, medium dose: 4.8 g, or high dose: 7.2 g/day, 1:1 ratio) in a randomized, controlled clinical trial in 114 healthy volunteers. Despite representing a cohort of healthy older adults (age mean = 65 years), we found significantly higher baseline levels of markers of oxidative stress, including that of malondialdehyde (MDA, 0.158 vs. 0.136 µmol/L, p &lt; 0.0001), total cysteine (Cysteine-T, 314.8 vs. 276 µM, p &lt; 0.0001), oxidized glutathione (GSSG, 174.5 vs. 132.3 µmol/L, p &lt; 0.0001), and a lower ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione (GSH-F:GSSG) (11.78 vs. 15.26, p = 0.0018) compared to a young reference group (age mean = 31.7 years, n = 20). GlyNAC supplementation was safe and well tolerated by the subjects, but did not increase levels of GSH-F:GSSG (end of study, placebo = 12.49 vs. 7.2 g = 12.65, p-value = 0.739) or that of total glutathione (GSH-T) (end of study, placebo = 903.5 vs. 7.2 g = 959.6 mg/L, p-value = 0.278), the primary endpoint of the study. Post-hoc analyses revealed that a subset of subjects characterized by high oxidative stress (above the median for MDA) and low baseline GSH-T status (below the median), who received the medium and high doses of GlyNAC, presented increased glutathione generation (end of study, placebo = 819.7 vs. 4.8g/7.2 g = 905.4 mg/L, p-value = 0.016). In summary GlyNAC supplementation is safe, well tolerated, and may increase glutathione levels in older adults with high glutathione demand.Clinical Trial Registration: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05041179, NCT05041179.
The Association Between Quarantine Duration and Psychological Outcomes, Social Distancing, and Vaccination Intention During the Second Outbreak of COVID-19 in China
Authors: Chen Lele , Wang Dingding , Xia Yuxin , Zhou Renlai 
Published: March 2022

Objectives: To examine the association between quarantine duration and psychological outcomes, social distancing, as well as vaccination intention during the second outbreak of COVID-19 in China.Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted in January 2021. Participants were invited to complete the measurement of quarantine duration, social distancing, psychological distress, wellbeing (WHO-5), and vaccination intention. Multiple linear regression and logistic regression were performed to examine the relationship between quarantine duration and psychological distress, wellbeing, social distancing, and vaccination intention.Results: Of the 944 participants, 17.2% of the participants experienced quarantine. Quarantine for 1–7 days increased the social distancing (β = 2.61 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.90–3.33) and vaccination intention (OR = 2.16 95% CI 1.22–3.82). Quarantine for &gt;7 days was associated with the increased social distancing (β = 3.00 95% CI 2.37–3.64) and psychological distress (β = 1.03 95% CI 0.22–1.86), and decreased wellbeing (β = 1.27 95% CI 0.29–2.26).Conclusion: Longer quarantine duration showed increased social distancing, increased psychological distress, and decreased wellbeing. Quarantine for 1–7 days was associated with increased vaccination intention.
How can National Government Policies Improve Food Environments in the Netherlands?
Authors: Djojosoeparto Sanne K. , Kamphuis Carlijn B. M. , Vandevijvere Stefanie , Poelman Maartje P. 
Published: March 2022

Objectives: Government policies are essential to create food environments that support healthy diets. The aims of this study were 1) to benchmark the implementation of Dutch government policies influencing food environments, and 2) to identify and prioritize actions to improve food environments in the Netherlands.Methods: The Healthy Food Environment Policy Index (Food-EPI) was applied. The Food-EPI includes 46 indicators of food environment policy and infrastructure support. Independent experts (n = 28) rated the extent of implementation on these indicators against international best practices, and formulated and prioritized policy and infrastructure support actions to improve food environments.Results: Most policy indicators were rated as having a low (50%) or very low (41%) level of implementation. Most infrastructure support indicators were rated as having a fair (42%) or medium (42%) level of implementation. 18 policy and 11 infrastructure support actions were recommended by experts to improve food environments in the Netherlands.Conclusion: There is large potential for the Dutch national government to strengthen its policy action and infrastructure support in order to improve the healthiness of food environments in the Netherlands.
Dual-Band 6 × 6 MIMO Antenna System for Glasses Applications Compatible with Wi-Fi 6E and 7 Wireless Communication Standards
Authors: Chung Ming-An , Hsiao Cheng-Wei 
Published: March 2022

Multi-user multiple-input and multiple-output (MU-MIMO) systems are the mainstream of current antenna design. This paper proposes a dual-band 6 × 6 MIMO glasses antenna for Wi-Fi 6E and Wi-Fi 7 indoor wireless communication. The six antennas have the same structure, all of which are F-shaped monopole antennas. They are on the left and right temples, at the upper and lower ends of the left and right frames, which effectively uses the space of the glasses. The substrate uses FR4 (εr=4.4, tanδ=0.02). The antenna design is compact (9 mm × 50 mm × 0.8 mm) and the glasses model is made of FR4. The overall model is similar to virtual reality (VR) glasses, which are convenient for a user to wear. The proposed antenna has three working frequency bands, at 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, and 6 GHz. Through matching and optimization, the reflection coefficient can be lower than −10 dB. In addition, this paper evaluates two usage environments for simulation and measurement on the head and free space. The measurement results show that when the operating frequency band is at 2.45 GHz, the antenna efficiency is 86.1%, and the antenna gain is 1.9 dB. At 5.5 GHz, the antenna efficiency is 86.5%, and the antenna gain is 4.4 dB. At 6.7 GHz, the antenna efficiency is 85.4%, and the antenna gain is 3.7 dB. When the isolation of the MIMO antenna system is optimized, the low-frequency band is better than −10 dB, and the high-frequency band is better than −20 dB. The measured envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) values are all lower than 0.1.
Accuracy of a Computer-Aided Dynamic Navigation System in the Placement of Zygomatic Dental Implants: An In Vitro Study
Authors: González Rueda Juan Ramón , García Ávila Irene , de Paz Hermoso Víctor Manuel , Riad Deglow Elena , Zubizarreta-Macho Álvaro , Pato Mourelo Jesús , Montero Martín Javier , Hernández Montero Sofía 
Published: March 2022

The objective of this in vitro study was to evaluate and compare the accuracy of zygomatic dental implant (ZI) placement carried out using a dynamic navigation system. Materials and Methods: Forty (40) ZIs were randomly distributed into one of two study groups: (A) ZI placement via a computer-aided dynamic navigation system (n = 20) (navigation implant (NI)); and (B) ZI placement using a conventional free-hand technique (n = 20) (free-hand implant (FHI)). A cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan of the existing situation was performed preoperatively to plan the surgical approach for the computer-aided study group. Four zygomatic dental implants were placed in anatomically based polyurethane models (n = 10) manufactured by stereolithography, and a postoperative CBCT scan was performed. Subsequently, the preoperative planning and postoperative CBCT scans were added to dental implant software to analyze the coronal entry point, apical end point, and angular deviations. Results were analyzed using the Student’s t-test. Results: The results showed statistically significant differences in the apical end-point deviations between FHI and NI (p = 0.0018); however, no statistically significant differences were shown in the coronal entry point (p = 0.2617) or in the angular deviations (p = 0.3132). Furthermore, ZIs placed in the posterior region showed more deviations than the anterior region at the coronal entry point, apical end point, and angular level. Conclusions: The conventional free-hand technique enabled more accurate placement of ZIs than the computer-assisted surgical technique. In addition, placement of ZIs in the anterior region was more accurate than that in the posterior region.
Enhancing the management of long COVID in general practice: a scoping review
Authors: Brennan Aimee , Broughan John , McCombe Geoff , Brennan John , Collins Claire , Fawsitt Ronan , Gallagher Joe , Guérandel Allys , O'Kelly Brendan , Quinlan Diarmuid , Lambert John S , Cullen Walter 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundLong COVID is a multifaceted condition, and it has impacted a considerable proportion of those with acute COVID-19. Affected patients often have complex care needs requiring holistic and multidisciplinary care, the kind routinely provided in general practice. However, there is limited evidence regarding GP interventions.AimThis study aimed to identify key concepts and knowledge gaps around long COVID by conducting a scoping review of literature on the condition’s management by GPs.Design & settingArksey and O’Malley’s six-stage scoping review framework, with recommendations by Levac et al, was used.MethodPubMed, Google Scholar, the Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Google searches were conducted to identify relevant peer reviewed and grey literature, and study selection process was conducted according to the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines. Braun and Clarke’s ‘Thematic Analysis’ approach was used to interpret data.ResultsNineteen of 972 identified articles were selected for review. These included peer reviewed articles and grey literature spanning a wide range of countries. Six themes were identified regarding GP management of long COVID, these being: (1) GP uncertainty, (2) listening and empathy, (3) assessment and monitoring of symptoms, (4) coordinating access to appropriate services, (5) facilitating provision of continual and integrated multidisciplinary care and (6) need to provide or facilitate psychological support.ConclusionThe findings show that GPs can play and have played a key role in the management of long COVID, and that patient care can be improved through better understanding of patient experiences, standardised approaches for symptom identification and treatment, and facilitation of access to multidisciplinary specialist services when needed. Future research evaluating focused GP interventions is needed.
Clinical skills of general practitioners in Nairobi, Kenya: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Mohamoud Gulnaz , Mash Robert 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundQuality service delivery in primary care requires motivated and competent health professionals. In the Kenyan private sector, GPs with no postgraduate training in family medicine offer primary care. There is a paucity of evidence on the ability of primary care providers to deliver comprehensive care and no such evidence is available for GPs practising in the private sector in Kenya.AimTo evaluate GPs’ training and experience in the skills required for comprehensive primary care.Design and settingA cross-sectional descriptive survey in 13 primary care clinics in the private sector of Nairobi, Kenya.MethodA questionnaire, originally designed for a national survey of primary care doctors in South Africa, was adapted. The study collected self-reported data on performance of clinical skills by 25 GPs. Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS, version 25).ResultsGPs were mostly aged <40 years, with ≤10 years of experience, and there was an equal sex distribution. GPs reported moderate performance with adult health, communication and consultation, and clinical administration; and weak performance with emergencies, child health, surgery, ear, nose, and throat (ENT) and eyes, women’s health, and orthopaedics. The GPs lacked training in specific skills such as proctoscopies, contraceptive devices, skin procedures, intra-articular injections, red reflex tests, and use of genograms.ConclusionGPs lacked training and performed poorly in some of the essential skills required in primary care. Continuing professional development, training in family medicine, broadening the model of care, and deployment of family physicians to the clinics could improve care comprehensiveness.
Percepción del clima organizacional en la escuela y su incidencia en la educación
Authors: Maraza Vilcanqui Nain , Flores Choque Gladys Martha , Maraza Vilcanqui Beker , Maraza Vilcanqui Queke 
Published: March 2022

La investigación se realizó con el objetivo de identificar la Percepción del Clima Organizacional en docentes y administrativos de la Institución Educativa Primaria N° 70081 de Salcedo Puno 2017. El tipo de estudio fue descriptivo; la muestra estuvo conformado por 15 unidades de estudio entre docentes y administrativo; para la recolección de datos se aplicó el cuestionario CLIOUNing, que mide las percepciones sobre el clima organizacional de acuerdo a las dimensiones que consiente dicho instrumento (Gestión Institucional, Retos personales e Interacción Institucional); con siguientes resultados: del promedio total, nos permiten apreciar que el 53.9 % de satisfacción, donde se evidencia una percepción medianamente favorable del clima organizacional; el segundo conglomerado representa 30.3% el cual indica un clima favorable y el menor conglomerado, indica 15.7 % que representa un clima organizacional desfavorable, se concluye que existe un clima organizacional mediamente favorable.
Conflicto cognitivo en la metamotivación para el desarrollo de capacidades en estudiantes universitarios
Authors: Valentín Melgarejo Teófilo Félix , Alvarez López José Rovino , Rivera Trujillo Oscar Cirilo , Oscátegui Nájera Gastón Jeremías 
Published: March 2022

La formación universitaria exige el uso de estrategias para el desarrollo del aprendizaje, sin embargo; se desconoce sobre las estrategias del conflicto cognitivo en la metamotivación para el desarrollo de capacidades. De ahí, se tuvo como objetivo relacionar el conflicto cognitivo con la metamotivación para determinar el impacto en el desarrollo de capacidades, mediante las situaciones problemáticas, nuevos saberes y necesidades de aprendizaje en los estudiantes de la Universidad Nacional Daniel Alcides Carrión. Al respecto, 32 estudiantes, conformada por 18 del grupo experimental y 14 del grupo de control, respondieron un cuestionario de 12 ítems para determinar la relación entre las variables de estudio y una prueba de 20 preguntas para conocer el desarrollo de las capacidades, que fue validada previamente. Como resultado final se obtuvo-4,171 con 30 grados de libertad, por lo que; el conflicto cognitivo tiene impacto positivo en la metamotivación determinando el desarrollo de capacidades profesionales.
ṭupšarrūtu and the Historiography of Science
Authors: Rochberg Francesca 
Published: March 2022

Over the course of many centuries, cuneiform scribe-scholars produced a textual culture of learning that organized knowledge of the phenomenal world as defined by their particular interests. The ancient term for this culture was ṭupšarrūtu “the art of the scribe.” That we grant this culture the designation scientific is not without problems from the perspectives both of modern philosophy of science and of conventional historiography of science. This essay reflects on the anachronisms entailed in transposing such ideas about science to the premodern cuneiform world and the consequences these ideas have on a historiography of science inclusive of cuneiform scientific texts.
Alternative voices in Babylonian Medicine
Authors: Geller Markham 
Published: March 2022

The usual approach to Babylonian medical writings is to assume a monolithic corpus of data presented in either recipes, lists of drugs, or collections of symptoms for prognosis and diagnosis. Despite the lengthy period of documentation of Babylonian medicine, no attempt has been made to view the acquisition of Akkadian medical knowledge as a dynamic process, which also needed to adapt to changing expectations. The present paper will survey Babylonian medicine while seeking out the cacophony of different voices, ending with the intriguing question: who controls the narrative?
Dynamics of Muslimat Nahdlatul Ulama Under Mahmudah Mawardi Leadership In 1950-1979
Authors: Samsuniyah Samsuniyah 
Published: March 2022

This research discussed about Muslimat Nahdlatul Ulama (Muslimat NU) in 1950-1979 AD led by Mahmudah Mawardi. Muslimat NU at that time experienced a significant development than before. This article starts the discussion by providing the condition of Muslimat Nahdlatul Ulama before the leadership of Mahmudah Mawardi, which were Chadidjah Dahlan period in 1946-1947 and Hindun period 1947-1950. Among the superior work program by Muslimat NU at that time was the eradication of illiteracy. In the social field, Muslimat NU established Muslimat NU Welfare Foundation that specifically handled Muslimat NU programs engaged in social affairs. When the government issued the Family Planning (KB) program, Muslimat NU gave a positive and active response in succeeding the program. In the field of politics, Muslimat NU participated in the struggle for the law on marriage that does not violate Islamic sharia and purposing to protect women. The results of this study explain that the Muslimat NU during Mahmudah Mawardi's leadership experienced rapid progress, this was supported by its members in developing the organization and the support of PBNU as its core organization.
Comparison of sintered silver die attach failure between thermal shock test and mechanical cycling test
Authors: Wakamoto Keisuke , Kumakiri Yuga , Otsuka Takukazu , Nakahara Ken , Namazu Takahiro 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This paper compares the degradation of sintered silver (s-Ag) die attach between a thermal shock test (TST) and a mechanical cycling test to correctly understand the mechanism of s-Ag die attach failure in power module products during practical operation. A bar-shaped specimen is subjected to two types of four-point bending tests: a centered bending test for bending moment application and a shifted bending test (SBT) for shear force application. The crack path in the SBT is similar to that in the TST, which suggests that shear force has an important role in imitating the degradation and failure of s-Ag in the TST. The crack propagation speed per cycle in the TST is, however, about 4000 times faster than that in the SBT. The lifetime assessment period of the SBT is approximately 1400 times shorter than that of the TST. The difference in failure mechanism between the TST and SBT is discussed by using scanning electron microscopy of the fractured specimens.