bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of breast density assessments between synthesized C-View™ & intelligent 2D™ mammography
Authors: Khanani Sadia , Xiao Lekui , Jensen Matthew R. , Conners Amy L. , Fazzio Robert T. , Hruska Carrie B. , Winham Stacey , Wu Fang Fang , Scott Christopher G. , Vachon Celine M. 
Published: March 2022

Objective
To compare breast density assessments between C-View™ and Intelligent 2D™, different generations of synthesized mammography (SM) from Hologic.

Methods:
In this retrospective study, we identified a subset of females between March 2017 and December 2019 who underwent screening digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) with C-View followed by DBT with Intelligent 2D. Clinical Breast Imaging Reporting and Database System breast density was obtained along with volumetric breast density measures (including density grade, breast volume, percentage volumetric density, dense volume) using VolparaTM. Differences in density measures by type of synthesized image were calculated using the pairwise t-test or McNemar’s test, as appropriate.

Results
67 patients (avg age 62.7; range 40–84) were included with an average of 13.3 months between the two exams. No difference was found in Breast Imaging Reporting and Database System density between the SM reconstructions (p = 0.74). Similarly, there was no difference in VolparaTM mean density grade (p = 0.71), mean breast volume (p = 0.48), mean dense volume (p = 0.43) or mean percent volumetric density (p = 0.12) between the exams.

Conclusion
We found no significant differences in clinical and automated breast density assessments between these two versions of SM.

Advances in knowledge
Lack of differences in density estimates between the two SM reconstructions is important as density assignment impacts risk stratification and adjunct screening recommendations.
Pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysm: an unsuspected cause of haemoptysis in post-COVID fungal infection of the chest
Authors: Kotia Samvid , Adke Shrishail , Badhe Padma Vikram , Rathod Krantikumar 
Published: March 2022

Pulmonary Artery Pseudoaneurysm (PAP) is a rare but potentially fatal cause of haemoptysis, which often remains unsuspected by both clinicians and radiologists. Traditionally, infections like tuberculosis and bacterial endocarditis have been associated with the development of PAPs. However, additional causative factors like trauma, neoplasia, pulmonary hypertension and vasculitis are also to be considered. With the advent of the novel Coronavirus (COVID-19), attempts have been undertaken to study its multisystem implications. Also, a strong correlation has also been established between COVID-19 and fungal infestation of the paranasal sinuses and lung parenchyma. Hence, PAP should be suspected in post-COVID patients who develop new-onset haemoptysis or new focal consolidation on imaging. Imaging investigations like chest radiograph, CT chest, and CT Pulmonary Angiography help in the establishment of a diagnosis and assessment of the relevant anatomy, which aid in the classification of the PAP. Management strategies include endovascular treatment, surgical resection or conservative approach in form of prolonged antimicrobial therapy. Interventional radiological procedures like endovascular embolisation are especially useful in vitally unstable cases of massive haemoptysis who are poor surgical candidates. Our case highlights the unique presentation of pulmonary arterial pseudoaneurysm induced by a post-COVID-19 fungal infection.
SpaceOAR hydrogel spacer in interstitial brachytherapy for intrapelvic recurrent endometrial cancer
Authors: Takagawa Yoshiaki , Itami Jun 
Published: March 2022

Objective: We report the use of SpaceOAR hydrogel spacer in interstitial brachytherapy (ISBT) for a patient with intrapelvic recurrent endometrial cancer (EC). Methods and materials: A 59-year-old female patient was diagnosed with intrapelvic recurrence of EC after a definitive surgery. Despite administration of adjuvant chemotherapy, the recurrent tumour in the right para-rectal fossa increased in size. Salvage radiotherapy, including external beam radiotherapy followed by ISBT boost, was planned. We planned to inject SpaceOAR between the tumour and rectum to reduce the rectal dose in ISBT; transrectal ultrasound-guided SpaceOAR injection was performed using needle applicator insertion. This was followed by computed tomography-based image-guided brachytherapy. Results: The use of SpaceOAR allowed us to achieved both a higher dose for the clinical target volume and a lower dose for the rectum. Furthermore, no ISBT-related complications or acute toxicities were observed. Conclusions: The preliminary results suggest that SpaceOAR could be effective in increasing the efficacy of ISBT for intrapelvic recurrent EC, while reducing the associated complications.
Analysis Of Scientific Article Writing Ability
Authors: Mulia Al-Amien Muhammad , Hidayati Dian , Haryadi Didit 
Published: March 2022

As an educator, it is necessary to have the ability to write scientific articles; as a writer, educators should understand various techniques before writing a scientific article. The author aims to analyze 1) The ability to understand article writing 2) The ability to find research problems 3) The ability to know the types of research 4) The ability to understand research methods 5) The ability to master writing techniques 6) the ability to use excellent and correct language. This research approach is descriptive qualitative. Sources of data are teachers and lecturers. The data collection technique in this research is a test. The data analysis technique uses the Miles and Huberman model. The results showed that the ability to write articles for teachers and lecturers was quite good; this was indicated by the respondents' answers stating 1) aspects of the ability to understand article writing with an average of 59.10% 2) aspects of finding problems in articles with an average of 60.6% 3) aspects of the ability to know the types of research with an average of 58.6% 4) aspects of understanding research methods with an average of 60.10% 5) aspects of mastery of writing techniques 53.0% and 6) aspects of using good and correct language with an average of 56.10%
Development and evaluation of the TRIGGER score to identify patients with acute coronary syndrome in the emergency department
Authors: Gunter Bob , Spragg Charlotte , Kwok Chun Shing 
Published: March 2022

Background/aims Acute coronary syndrome is a serious possible cause of chest pain, but detection rates at initial triage are low. This study evaluated the TRIGGER score as a tool for identifying patients with acute coronary syndrome who present to the emergency department with chest pain. Methods Data from 100 patients who presented to the emergency department with chest pain in February 2019 (before implementation of the TRIGGER score) were compared to 100 patients who presented in February 2020 (after implementation of the TRIGGER score). The proportion of patients with a final diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome was calculated and the predictive value of the TRIGGER score for acute coronary syndrome was evaluated. Results The majority of patients with a TRIGGER score of 9 or higher (actioning urgent referral) were found to have acute coronary syndrome or another cardiac condition. Overall, 50% of patients with a score of 10, 67% of patients with a score of 11 and 75% of patients with a score over 11 were found to have acute coronary syndrome. Overall, the TRIGGER score had 84.0% sensitivity and 81.7% specificity for acute coronary syndrome. The score was also associated with a decrease in average time to specialist review from 225 minutes to 112 minutes. Challenges associated with the tool included misclassification and increased workload. Conclusions The TRIGGER score is a useful tool for the rapid identification and referral of patients presenting with chest pain who have a high likelihood of acute coronary syndrome.
Long-term Chikungunya sequelae and quality of life 2.5 years post-acute disease in a prospective cohort in Curaçao
Authors: Doran Churnalisa , Elsinga Jelte , Fokkema Ante , Berenschot Kevin , Gerstenbluth Izzy , Duits Ashley , Lourents Norediz , Halabi Yaskara , Burgerhof Johannes , Bailey Ajay , Tami Adriana 
Published: March 2022

Background
Little is known about the persistence and impact of non-rheumatic symptoms after acute chikungunya disease. We have studied the clinical presentation and long-term impact of rheumatic and non-rheumatic symptoms on health related quality of life (QoL) 2.5 years after disease onset. Additionally, the validity of the Curaçao Long-Term Chikungunya Sequelae (CLTCS) score in classifying disease severity over time was evaluated.

Methodology/Principal findings
This prospective cohort study followed 248 chikungunya patients. Symptoms and SF-36 QoL were evaluated during baseline and follow-up at 2.5 years using questionnaires. Chikungunya disease status was classified using the CLTCS-score. At 2.5 years after disease onset patients were classified as being recovered (43%), mildly (35%) or highly (22%) affected. In comparison to mildly affected, highly affected patients reported the highest prevalence of ongoing rheumatic and non-rheumatic/psychological symptoms, with increased prevalence of arthralgia in the lower extremities (p = .01) and fatigue (p = .049) over time, and higher pain intensity (p < .001). Compared to mildly affected, being highly affected was associated with weakness in the lower extremities (OR: 1.90; CI: 1.29–2.80, p = .001) and worsened physical and mental QoL impairment.

Conclusions
Patients are both physically and psychologically affected by rheumatic and non-rheumatic symptoms of long-term chikungunya disease.
The CLTCS-score is an easy to use instrument for classifying long-term chikungunya disease severity and impact and can facilitate health care providers in identifying highly affected patients who are prone to develop severe QoL impairment. Highly affected patients are recommended to be treated in a multidisciplinary setting to improve physical and psychological functioning, and QoL.
Hypoxia-induced interstitial transformation of microvascular endothelial cells by mediating HIF-1α/VEGF signaling in systemic sclerosis
Authors: Mao Jing , Liu Jiexiong , Zhou Mei , Wang Guiqiang , Xiong Xia , Deng Yongqiong 
Published: March 2022

Objective
The aim of this research was to systematically investigate the effects of endothelial mesenchymal transition (EndMT) induced by hypoxia on the skin microvascular remodeling of systemic sclerosis (SSc) and the underlying mechanism.

Methods
Skin tissues from SSc patients and controls were collected for isobaric tags for the relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ)-based proteomics and immunohistochemical test. Human microvascular endothelial cell line-1 (HMEC-1) cultured in hypoxic or normal conditions was treated by tamoxifen or bevacizumab.

Results
The iTRAQ-based proteomics indicated a significantly upregulated hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) signal in SSc samples. The immunohistochemical results demonstrated the significant downregulation of CD31, the positive staining of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), HIF-1α, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-a) in SSc skin tissues, compared with control samples. Consistent with these observations, HMEC-1 cells cultured under hypoxic conditions exhibited a significant decrease in CD31 and VE-cadherin expression, alongside a marked increase in the expression of α-SMA and fibronectin, as well as a distinct upregulation of HIF-1α and VEGF-a, when compared with those under normal conditions. It is noteworthy that the inhibition of HIF-1α by tamoxifen effectively downregulated the hypoxic induction of VEGF-a and α-SMA while rescuing the hypoxic suppression of CD31. In addition, the VEGF-a inhibitor bevacizumab treatment had the same effect on the hypoxic expression of α-SMA and CD31, as a tamoxifen intervention, but did not reduce HIF-1α.

Conclusion
These results suggest that the HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathway can have a critical role in mediating the effect of hypoxia-induced EndMT on the skin microvascular remodeling of SSc.
Evaluation of the adverse events following immunization surveillance system, Ghana, 2019
Authors: Laryea Eunice Baiden , Frimpong Joseph Asamoah , Noora Charles Lwanga , Tengey John , Bandoh Delia , Sabblah George , Ameme Donne , Kenu Ernest , Amponsa-Achiano Kwame 
Published: March 2022

Background
With over 80% of children worldwide vaccinated, concerns about vaccine safety continues to be a public health issue. Ghana’s Adverse Events Following Immunization surveillance started in 1978 with the objective to promptly detect and manage AEFI cases either real or perceived. Periodic evaluation of the surveillance system is critical for optimal performance; hence we evaluated the system to assess its attributes, usefulness and system’s performance in meeting its objectives.

Methods
A case of AEFI was defined as any untoward medical event occurring within 28 days after vaccination and may not necessarily have causal relationship with the vaccine use. We reviewed surveillance data and procedures for the period 2014 to 2018 and interviewed key stakeholders. Adapting the CDC’s Updated Guidelines for Evaluating Public Health Surveillance Systems, we assessed the system’s attributes and usefulness. We performed summary descriptive statistics on quantitative data and directed content analysis on information gathered from interviews.

Results
In all, 2,282 AEFI cases including 476 (21%) serious cases (life threatening events) were reported for the period. The highest case detection rates of 61.45 AEFIs per 100,000 surviving infants was recorded in 2018. Reporting forms were modified to accommodate new indicators without any disruption in the function of the system. At the national level, completeness of 100 randomly sampled reporting forms (100%) and was higher than the region (27%) but timeliness (50%) was lower than the region (83%). All (16/16) Community Health Nurses interviewed indicated “fear of being victimized” as the reason for underreporting, nonetheless, the system was useful as it made them cautious when vaccinating children to prevent reactions. Data on AEFI surveillance was also useful in guiding training needs and provision of vaccination logistics.

Conclusion
The AEFI surveillance system is useful at all levels but partially meeting its objective due to underreporting. We recommend training and supportive supervision to improve timeliness of reporting, data completeness and acceptability.
Granulomatose Eosinofilica com Poliangeite: Um Relato de Caso / Eosinophilic Granulomatosis With Polyangeitis: A Case Report
Authors: Cavalcante Gabriela Macêdo Egídio , Cavalcante Giovana Macêdo Egídio , Leite Liz Marjorie Batista de Freitas , Quezada Ingrid Gabriela Herrera 
Published: March 2022

Resumo: A Síndrome de Churg Straus é uma doença rara e um tipo menos comum de vasculite, sua incidência e prevalência anual foram de 0,9-2,4 por milhão e 10,7-17,8 por milhão, respectivamente. As vasculites são responsáveis por importante impacto sobre a qualidade de vida dos acometidos, estando responsável por valores altos de incapacidade para o trabalho. O objetivo do presente estudo é relatar um caso de granulomatose eosinofílica com poliangeite em uma paciente de 25 anos de idade. Conclusões: No caso em questão, foi iniciado pulsoterapia com corticoide por 3 dias consecutivos e posteriormente iniciado prednisona 1mg/kg/dia. Embora seja uma patologia grave e de prognostico reservado, observamos uma evolução favorável com o tratamento instituído. Seu diagnóstico e a intervenção precoce, proporciona melhora na qualidade de vida dos pacientes e no prognostico da doença. A GEPA deve estar presente como diagnostico diferencial das eosinofilias periféricas associadas a neuropatia periférica e asma.Palavras-chave: Vasculite; Qualidade de vida; Granulomatose EosinofilicaAbstract:Churg Straus Syndrome is a rare disease and a less common type of vasculitis, its annual incidence and prevalence were 0.9-2.4 per million and 10.7-17.8 per million, respectively. Vasculitides are responsible for an important impact on the quality of life of those affected, being responsible for high values of incapacity for work. The aim of the present study is to report a case of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis in a 25-year-old female patient. Conclusions: In the case in question, pulse therapy with corticosteroids was started for 3 consecutive days and then prednisone 1mg/kg/day was started. Although it is a serious pathology with a reserved prognosis, we observed a favorable evolution with the treatment instituted. Its diagnosis and early intervention improves the quality of life of patients and the prognosis of the disease. EGPA should be present as a differential diagnosis of peripheral eosinophilia associated with peripheral neuropathy and asthma.Keywords: Vasculitis; Quality of life; Eosinophilic Granulomatosis
A Prisão através dos Sentimentos e Percepções dos Apenados / The Prison through the Feelings and Perceptions of the Defendants
Authors: Bezerra Victor Emanuel Lima , Monteiro Nikellyo Kênio Maia , Barretto Julyanne De Oliveira Paes , Farias Athena De Albuquerque 
Published: March 2022

Resumo: A instituição carcerária possui como finalidade um novo processo de aprendizagem que permita um convívio social apropriado. Objetivos: Conhecer as representações sociais da prisão pelos encarcerados, bem como seus sentimentos e percepções relacionadas à mudança de vida. Método: Os dados foram obtidos de entrevistas e o material foi examinado com base na análise de conteúdo, subsidiados pela Teoria das Representações Sociais. Resultados: Os resultados no levam a crer que as Representações sociais da prisão parecem fortalecer suas convicções de que se trata de um lugar sem perspectivas e que provoca sensações desagradáveis. Observou-se que em alguns momentos, eles percebem que podem compartilhar bons momentos. Suas percepções transmitem Representações, tanto positivas quanto negativas. As concepções relativas à mudança de vida, são vistas como: socializadora, onde eles observam a própria mudança de vida e repensa sua atual condição e, em outros casos, como não socializadora, quando percebem o lado desfavorável do encarceramento. Conclusão: A realização deste estudo permitirá uma ampliação da compreensão da prisão, enquanto instituição, permitindo discutir-se até que ponto a mesma é promotora de uma re-socialização eficaz, resguardando os seus direitos de cidadãos e garantindo-lhes o respeito da sociedade.Palavras-chave: Prisão; Representações sociais; Encarcerados. Abstract: The purpose of the prison institution is a new learning process that allows an appropriate social interaction. Objectives: To know the social representations of prison by those incarcerated, as well as their feelings and perceptions related to life change. Method: Data were obtained from interviews and the material was examined based on content analysis, supported by the Theory of Social Representations. Results: The results lead us to believe that the social representations of prison seem to strengthen their convictions that it is a place without perspectives and that it causes unpleasant sensations. It was observed that in some moments, they realize that they can share good times. Your perceptions convey Representations, both positive and negative. The conceptions related to life change are seen as: socializing, where they observe their own life change and rethink their current condition and, in other cases, as non-socializing, when they perceive the unfavorable side of incarceration. Conclusion: The realization of this study will allow an expansion of the understanding of the prison, as an institution, allowing to discuss the extent to which it promotes an effective re-socialization, protecting their rights as citizens and guaranteeing them the respect of society.Keywords: Prison; Social representations; Incarcerated.
Argumentações sobre a Loucura no Brasil, antes de 2010: Uma contribuição histórica / Arguments about Madness in Brazil, before 2010: A historic contribution
Authors: Alencar Francisca Silva de , Oliveira Nicácia Souza , Teixeira Paulo Tadeu Ferreira 
Published: March 2022

Resumo: Este artigo apresenta um panorama geral dos discursos sobre o tratamento da doença mental, no Brasil, do final do Império até a década 80. A maioria desses discursos foi apresentada pela Liga Brasileira de Higiene Mental (LBHM), que era a entidade organizadora dos tratamentos de doentes mentais no Brasil. Os discursos apresentados neste trabalho são recheados de discriminação racial e social. A proposta apresentada pelos higienistas brasileiros foi a de uma arianização da raça. Sendo assim, qualquer pessoa que não se encaixasse dentro do padrão de normalidade deveria ser descartada de alguma forma. Era o que estava acontecendo na Europa e o que os médicos brasileiros tinham o desejo de implantar no Brasil.Palavras-Chaves: Loucura; Higiene; Doença; Psiquiatria. Abstract: This article presents a general overview of the discourses regarding the treatment of mental illness in Brazil, from the end of the Empire until the 80s. The majority of these discourses were presented by the LBHM (Brazilian Mental Hygiene League), which was the institution responsible for the regulation of the treatments for mental patients in Brazil. The discourses presented herein are full of social and racial prejudice. The proposal presented by the Brazilian healthcare professionals was that of “whitening” the population. Thus, any person who did not fit within the standards considered to be normal would be discarded in some way. This situation was occurring in Europe and the Brazilian doctors wanted to implement the same system in Brazil.Keywords: Mental Illness; Hygiene; Disease,;Psychiatry.
Faktor Perilaku Yang Berhubungan Dengan Keberadaan Cimex spp Di Desa Purbayasa, Purbalingga Tahun 2021
Authors: Ronawati Dwi Agustin , Hestiningsih Retno , Kusariana Nissa , Saraswati Lintang Dian 
Published: March 2022

Background : Cimex can be found in mattress, sofa, and in place where wood exist. Cimex can cause health effects. Continuous Cimex bites can disturb individual comfort, entomophobia, allergies, and anemia. The existance of Cimex can be influenced by behavioral factors. Cimex is still found in Purbayasa Village. The absence of research on the Cimex survey in Purbayasa village makes this research necessary to increase public awareness about the dangers of cimex and their prevention. The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between behavior and the presence of CimexMethods : This study was a descriptive analytic study used visual survey method with cross sectional approach and a sample count of 53 randomly selected homes in RW 3. The survey of cimex by visual method. The data was obtained through respondents interviews with questionnaires and observation sheets with observation. Chi sqaure test is used to analyze the relationship between community behaviour and the presence of cimex Results :9,4% of respondents homes were positive bed bugs. The founded all bed bugs species is Cimex hemipterus. This study found that 79,2% of respondents had good knowledge, 75,5% had good attitudes, and 60,4% had good practices. There was no relation to the knowledge (α=0.05, ρ=0.000 ). The practice is also related to the presence of bed bugs (α=0.05, ρ=0.004 )Conclusion : It concluded that attitudes and practices are factors related to the presence of bed bugs.