bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinicians’ perspectives on supporting individuals with severe anorexia nervosa in specialist eating disorder intensive treatment settings during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Webb Hannah , Dalton Bethan , Irish Madeleine , Mercado Daniela , McCombie Catherine , Peachey Gemma , Arcelus Jon , Au Katie , Himmerich Hubertus , Johnston A. Louise , Lazarova Stanimira , Pathan Tayeem , Robinson Paul , Treasure Janet , Schmidt Ulrike , Lawrence Vanessa 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected intensive treatment settings (i.e., inpatient [IP] and day patient [DP]) in specialist eating disorder services. However, the impact on clinicians working in these services is largely unknown. We therefore explored the perspectives of those supporting individuals with severe anorexia nervosa (AN) in intensive treatment settings during the pandemic.

Methods
Between May 2020 and June 2021, we interviewed clinicians (n = 21) who delivered IP and/or DP treatment to patients with severe AN in four specialist eating disorder services in the United Kingdom. Data relating to experiences during COVID-19 were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.

Results
We identified six themes: Disruptions to Routine Treatment; Introduction of Virtual Treatment; Separation from Treatment, Others and the World; Impact on Recovery; Impact on Staff; and Pressure on Referral Pathways. COVID-19 posed significant challenges to IP and DP services: forcing closures, operating with restrictions and virtual treatment, and impacting delivery of essential treatment components, referral pathways, clinician wellbeing, risk management, and patient isolation and recovery trajectories. Opportunities arose, in particular in DP services offering virtual support.

Conclusions
COVID-19 challenged the continuation of multidisciplinary treatment. The findings underline the necessity for medical, psychological, practical, and nutritional support, as well as carer involvement and fostering social connections to remain at the forefront of intensive treatment for severe AN. They also emphasise the uncertainty surrounding which intensive treatment may be best suited to which patient when, particularly within the context of virtual DP support.
Effects of uncertainty in fault parameters on deterministic tsunami hazard assessment: examples for active faults along the eastern margin of the Sea of Japan
Authors: Satake Kenji , Ishibe Takeo , Murotani Satoko , Mulia Iyan E. , Gusman Aditya Riadi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe investigated the effects of fault parameter uncertainty on the deterministic assessment of tsunami hazards for the submarine and coastal active faults in the Sea of Japan that were recently modeled by the Integrated Research Project on Seismic and Tsunami Hazards around the Sea of Japan. A key parameter in scenario-based tsunami assessment is the fault slip amount, which is usually calculated from empirical scaling relations that relate the fault size to the slip. We examined four methods to estimate the fault slip amounts and compared the coastal tsunami heights from the slip amounts obtained by two different empirical relations. The resultant coastal tsunami heights were strongly affected by the choice of scaling relation, particularly the fault aspect ratio (fault length/fault width). The geometric means of the coastal tsunami heights calculated from the two methods ranged from 0.69 to 4.30 with an average of 2.01. We also evaluated the effects of fault slip angles, which are also important parameters for controlling coastal tsunami heights, by changing the slip angles for faults in the southwestern and central parts of the Sea of Japan, where the strike-slip faults are concentrated. The effects of uncertainty of the fault slip angles (± 30° from the standard) on the coastal tsunami heights were revealed to be equal to or greater than those resulting from the choice of scaling relations; the geometric means of the coastal tsunami heights from the modified fault slip angles relative to the standard fault slip angles ranged from 0.23 to 5.88. Another important characteristic is that the locations of the maximum coastal tsunami height and the spatial pattern of the coastal tsunami heights can change with varying fault slip angles.Graphical Abstract
Risk assessment of fungal materials
Authors: van den Brandhof Jeroen G. , Wösten Han A. B. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSustainable fungal materials have a high potential to replace non-sustainable materials such as those used for packaging or as an alternative for leather and textile. The properties of fungal materials depend on the type of fungus and substrate, the growth conditions and post-treatment of the material. So far, fungal materials are mainly made with species from the phylum Basidiomycota, selected for the mechanical and physical properties they provide. However, for mycelium materials to be implemented in society on a large scale, selection of fungal species should also be based on a risk assessment of the potential to be pathogenic, form mycotoxins, attract insects, or become an invasive species. Moreover, production processes should be standardized to ensure reproducibility and safety of the product.
Superior mesenteric vein to the right testicular vein shunt operation for jejunal varices bleeding associated with extrahepatic portal vein obstruction after pancreaticoduodenectomy: a case report
Authors: Shiozaki Shohei , Matsugu Yasuhiro , Hamaoka Michinori , Ishimoto Tatsuro 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Causes of extrahepatic portal vein obstruction include abdominal surgeries such as pancreaticoduodenectomy. We improved jejunal variceal bleeding due to extrahepatic portal vein occlusion after pancreaticoduodenectomy, by shunting of the testicular vein.

Case presentation
A 72-year-old man was diagnosed with extrahepatic bile duct cancer and underwent subtotal stomach-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy 5 years ago. No postoperative complications occurred, adjuvant chemotherapy using gemcitabine hydrochloride was performed, and the patient remained recurrence-free. One year and 6 months post-operation, extrahepatic portal vein stenosis appeared, but no recurrence was noted. However, 4 years and 6 months later, recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding occurred, and the patient was diagnosed with an extrahepatic portal vein obstruction. Double-balloon enteroscopy showed capillary dilatation and varicose veins in the hepaticojejunostomy region, and venous bleeding from collateral blood vessels was diagnosed. A superior mesenteric vein to the right testicular vein shunt operation was performed, following which the gastrointestinal bleeding disappeared, and the anemia improved. Although transient hepatic encephalopathy occurred, conservative treatment relieved it. Double-balloon enteroscopy confirmed the disappearance of abnormal blood vessels.

Conclusions
A portosystemic shunt operation using the right testicular vein effectively relieved refractory variceal bleeding around the hepaticojejunostomy site in the jejunum due to an extrahepatic portal vein obstruction after pancreaticoduodenectomy.
Surgical transversus abdominis plane block versus surgical rectus sheath block for postoperative pain control in morbid obese patients undergoing major gynaecological surgery: a prospective, randomized, blinded study
Authors: Mowafi Marwa M. , Elsenity Mohamed A. , Elbeialy Marwa A. K. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundPostoperative analgesia for major abdominal surgeries, especially with midline incisions, can be challenging particularly in morbid obese patients. This study aimed to compare surgical transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block and surgical rectus sheath (RS) block for postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing major gynaecological surgery regarding their efficacy and adverse effects. Sixty female patients aged 18–60 years were randomly allocated to two equal groups; (group TB,n= 30) patients received surgical TAP block, or (RB group,n= 30) patients received surgical RS block.ResultsPostoperative total morphine consumption was significantly higher among patients in the TB group than patients in the RB group (Mean ± SD; 18.2 ± 4.4 mg versus 14.3 ± 3.5 mg respectively,Pvalue < 0.001). There was no significant difference between patients in either group regarding pain scores at rest and cough except at 6-h postoperatively when patients in the RB group experienced lower pain scores (Pvalue < 0.001). The RB group showed better respiratory functions at the first hour, 6 h and 12 h postoperatively. There was no significant statistical difference between both groups regarding the incidence of postoperative complications.ConclusionsSurgical RS block provided more favourable outcomes than surgical TAP block concerning postoperative analgesia in morbid obese patients with similar incidence of postoperative complications.Trial registrationWe carried out this trial at Ain-Shams University Hospitals, Cairo, Egypt, between October 2018 and January 2020. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee at the Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University (code number: FMASU R55/2018), and then registered in theClinicalTrials.gov(registration no. NCT03732027)https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03732027.
Superhydrophobic micro-nanofibers from PHBV-SiO2 biopolymer composites produced by electrospinning
Authors: Rabbani Saad , Jafari Reza , Momen Gelareh 
Published: February 2022

AbstractElectrospinning is a relatively simple technique for producing continuous fibers of various sizes and morphologies. In this study, an intrinsically hydrophilic poly(3-hydroxybutarate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) biopolymer strain was electrospun from a solution under optimal processing conditions to produce bilayers of beadless micro-fibers and beaded nano-fibers. The fibrous mats produced from the pure PHBV solution exhibited hydrophilicity with complete wetting. Incorporation of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) treated silica into the electrospinning solutions resulted in a non-wetting state with increased fiber roughness and enhanced porosity; however, the fiber mats displayed high water droplet-adhesion. The SiO2–incorporated fibrous mats were then treated with stearic acid at an activation temperature of 80 °C. This treatment caused fiber surface plasticization, creating a tertiary hierarchical roughness owing to the interaction of PHBV chains with the polar carboxyl groups of the stearic acid. Scanning electron microscopy was used to assess the influence of the electrospinning process parameters and the incorporation of nanoparticles on surface morphology of the fibers; energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirmed the presence of SiO2 nanoparticles. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was performed to study the incorporation of SiO2 and the interaction of stearic acid with PHBV at various concentrations. The chemical interaction between stearic acid and PHBV was confirmed, while SiO2 nanoparticles were successfully incorporated into the PHBV fibers at concentrations up to 4.5% by weight. The incorporation of nanoparticles and plasticization altered the thermal properties of PHBV and a decrease in crystalline fraction was observed. The stearic acid modified bilayers produced from the micro-nano-fibrous composites showed very low water droplet sticking, a roll off angle of approximately 4° and a high static contact angle of approximately 155° were achieved.
Graphical Abstract
Thellungiella halophila ST5 improves salt tolerance in cotton
Authors: NAZISH Tahmina , JAVAID Ayesha , ALI Mohsin , ZHU Yonghong , LI Jing , ZHANG Huangyang , WU Jie , XIANG Chengbin , WU Shenjie , ALFATIH Alamin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Salinity is a major abiotic stress to global agriculture which hampers crop growth and development, and eventually reduces yield. Transgenic technology is an effective and efficient approach to improve crop salt tolerance but depending on the availability of effective genes. We previously isolated Salt Tolerance5 (ThST5) from the halophyte Thellungiella halophila, an ortholog of Arabidopsis SPT4-2 which encodes a transcription elongation factor. However, SPT4-2-confered salt tolerance has not been evaluated in crops yet. Here we report the evaluation of ThST5-conferred salt tolerance in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.).

Results
The ThST5 overexpression transgenic cotton plants displayed enhanced tolerance to salt stress during seed germination and seedling stage compared with wild type. Particularly, the transgenic plants showed improved salinity tolerance as well as yield under saline field conditions. Comparative transcriptomic analysis showed that ThST5 improved salt tolerance of transgenic cotton mainly by maintaining ion homeostasis. In addition, ThST5 also orchestrated the expression of genes encoding antioxidants and salt-responsive transcription factors.

Conclusion
Our results demonstrate that ThST5 is a promising candidate to improve salt tolerance in cotton.
Critical evaluation of socio-cultural and climatic aspects in a traditional community: a case study of Pillayarpalayam weavers' cluster, Kanchipuram
Authors: Vijayalaxmi J. , Arathy K. C. Kalam 
Published: February 2022

AbstractProtecting vernacular architecture is important because it reflects a treasure-trove of local information, including climate responses, functions and the socio-cultural context. This study aimed to assess and evaluate the spatial and climate response features of the vernacular weavers’ settlement in Pillayarpalayam, Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu. This precinct, delineated as a heritage zone under the National Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana scheme by the Government of India, consists of a large number of traditional weavers’ residences that have cultural and social significance. The methodology comprised primary documentation and unstructured interviews to assess the architectural and anthropological development of the settlement. The study and analysis were conducted at three levels—dwelling, cluster and street. Spatial analysis was carried out to understand the relationship between different weaving activities and their physical setting. Analysis of building materials and construction techniques was carried out to understand the climate response features. The traditional dwellings accommodated the spaces for the weavers to live, as well as functioning as a workspace. It was observed that many houses had undergone alterations to adapt to family needs while some houses had been demolished and replaced by concrete structures. The traditional craft of weaving was losing its importance and only few weavers in this cluster had retained the traditional living and working space. These vernacular dwellings need to be preserved because they represent a unique typology and are evidence of traditional knowledge and culture. Guidelines and recommendations have been proposed to conserve the intangible values such as culture, lifestyles, social factors, and production methods, in addition to conserving the vernacular built heritage and workspaces of this traditional and unique craft industry.
Plasma Cell-Free DNA Integrity Assessed by Automated Electrophoresis Predicts the Achievement of Pathologic Complete Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Patients With Breast Cancer
Authors: Cirmena Gabriella , Ferrando Lorenzo , Ravera Francesco , Garuti Anna , Dameri Martina , Gallo Maurizio , Barbero Valentina , Ferrando Fabio , Del Mastro Lucia , Garlaschi Alessandro , Friedman Daniele , Fregatti Piero , Ballestrero Alberto , Zoppoli Gabriele 
Published: February 2022

PURPOSE The study of plasma cell-free DNA integrity (cfDI) has shown potential for providing useful information in neoplastic patients. The aim of this study is to estimate the accuracy of an electrophoresis-based method for cfDI evaluation in the assessment of pathologic complete response (pCR) in patients with breast cancer (BC) undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). PATIENTS AND METHODS Fifty-one patients with BC undergoing anthracycline-/taxane-based NACT were recruited. Plasma samples were collected from each patient at diagnosis (t0), after anthracycline administration (t1), and after NACT completion (t2). The concentration of differently sized cell-free DNA fragments was assessed by automated electrophoresis. cfDI, expressed as cfDI index, was calculated as the ratio of 321-1,000 bp sized fragment concentration to 150-220 bp sized fragment concentration assessed at t2. cfDI index was then used to build an exploratory classifier for BC response to NACT, directly comparing its sensitivity and specificity with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), through bootstrapped logistic regression. RESULTS cfDI index was assessed on 38 plasma samples collected from as many patients at t2, maintaining a 30/70 ratio between pCR and non-pCR patients. cfDI index showed an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve in predicting the achievement of pCR of 81.6, with a cutoff above 2.71 showing sensitivity = 81.8 and specificity = 81.5. The combination of cfDI index and MRI showed, in case of concordance, an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 92.6 with a predictive value of complete response of 87.5 and a predictive value of absence of complete response of 94.7. CONCLUSION cfDI index measured after NACT completion shows great potential in the assessment of pCR in patients with BC. The evaluation of its use in combination with MRI is strongly warranted in prospective studies.
Clinical Opportunities for Germline Pharmacogenetics and Management of Drug-Drug Interactions in Patients With Advanced Solid Cancers
Authors: Shugg Tyler , Ly Reynold C. , Rowe Elizabeth J. , Philips Santosh , Hyder Mustafa A. , Radovich Milan , Rosenman Marc B. , Pratt Victoria M. , Callaghan John T. , Desta Zeruesenay , Schneider Bryan P. , Skaar Todd C. 
Published: February 2022

PURPOSEPrecision medicine approaches, including germline pharmacogenetics (PGx) and management of drug-drug interactions (DDIs), are likely to benefit patients with advanced cancer who are frequently prescribed multiple concomitant medications to treat cancer and associated conditions. Our objective was to assess the potential opportunities for PGx and DDI management within a cohort of adults with advanced cancer.METHODSMedication data were collected from the electronic health records for 481 subjects since their first cancer diagnosis. All subjects were genotyped for variants with clinically actionable recommendations in Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium guidelines for 13 pharmacogenes. DDIs were defined as concomitant prescription of strong inhibitors or inducers with sensitive substrates of the same drug-metabolizing enzyme and were assessed for six major cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes.RESULTSApproximately 60% of subjects were prescribed at least one medication with Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium recommendations, and approximately 14% of subjects had an instance for actionable PGx, defined as a prescription for a drug in a subject with an actionable genotype. The overall subject-level prevalence of DDIs and serious DDIs were 50.3% and 34.8%, respectively. Serious DDIs were most common for CYP3A, CYP2D6, and CYP2C19, occurring in 24.9%, 16.8%, and 11.7% of subjects, respectively. When assessing PGx and DDIs together, approximately 40% of subjects had at least one opportunity for a precision medicine–based intervention and approximately 98% of subjects had an actionable phenotype for at least one CYP enzyme.CONCLUSIONOur findings demonstrate numerous clinical opportunities for germline PGx and DDI management in adults with advanced cancer.
Clonidine Versus Midazolam Premedication and Postoperative Negative Behavioral Changes in Younger Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Zickerman Caroline , Hult Ann-Catrin , Hedlund Lars , Winsö Ola , Johansson Göran , Haney Michael 
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND:
Postoperative negative behavioral changes (NBCs) are common among children, but risk for this is thought to be reduced with premedication. Midazolam has for many years been a standard premedication for children. More recently, the alpha-2 adrenergic agonist clonidine has also become popular as a preanesthetic sedative. We hypothesized that clonidine was superior to midazolam for limiting new NBCs in children as assessed using the Post Hospital Behavior Questionnaire (PHBQ).

METHODS:
This was a prospective, randomized, controlled, blinded study, including 115 participants aged 24 to 95 months and their parents. The participants underwent ear, nose, or throat outpatient surgery and were randomly allocated to premedication with oral midazolam 0.5 mg/kg or oral clonidine 4 µg/kg. Participants were anesthetized by protocol. At home, later, parents were asked to complete the PHBQ assessment instrument for postoperative NBCs for the participants 1 week, 1 month, and 6 months after the surgery. A secondary outcome, preinduction anxiety, was assessed using modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale (mYPAS).

RESULTS:
The primary outcome, more than 3 NBCs in an individual case at 1 week, showed no difference in proportions between treatment in the clonidine group compared to the midazolam group, (12/59 or 20% vs 7/56 or 13%, respectively, odds ratio 1.39, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.75–2.58; P = .32). A secondary result showed a higher preinduction anxiety level in the clonidine compared to the midazolam group (mYPAS >30, 43/59 or 71% vs 12/56 or 21%, respectively; P < .001).

CONCLUSIONS:
These results did not show a clinical or statistically significant difference, with respect to the primary outcome of behavior changes at 1 week, between the cohorts that received midazolam versus clonidine as a premedication.
Initial parasitic behaviour of the temporary social parasitic ant Polyrhachis lamellidens can be induced by host-like cuticles in laboratory environment
Authors: Kurihara Yu , Iwai Hironori , Kono Nobuaki , Tomita Masaru , Arakawa Kazuharu 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Polyrhachis lamellidens is a temporary social parasitic species. When a newly mated queen encounters a host worker, it opens its jaws and then mounts and rubs the body of the host worker, called rubbing behaviour. This behaviour is different from aggressive behaviour and is considered to be a preparatory action before invasion of the host colony. However, it is unclear what cues trigger rubbing behaviour. Therefore, in this study, we used glass beads that imitated the insect body surfaces and searched for triggers. Although P. lamellidens did not respond to the cuticular compounds only, cuticular compounds and chitin coatings on glass beads elicited responses that were similar to those towards live samples. The rubbing behaviour of P. lamellidens was elicited in response to a cuticle-like surface that mimicked a procuticle by combining the compounds with chitin. These results suggest that host recognition and nest-mate recognition are supported by different mechanisms.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.