bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular spin switch triggered by voltage and magnetic field: towards DNA-based molecular devices
Authors: Salimi M , Fathizadeh S , Behnia S 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Spin state switching of the DNA sequences due to external stimuli is investigated theoretically. A molecular-based memory or logic device such as a spin switch could be directly realized within an electronic circuit. The DNA system is subjected to an electrical potential difference through the metal leads for controlling the spin transport. The spectral analysis of spin states demonstrates that voltage operates as a crucial tool to turn the switch on. The width of the functional voltage range changes when the system is subjected to an external magnetic field. The magnetic field reduces the system’s symmetry and drives the system to an extended state. Hence, the voltage and magnetic field can modulate the spin transport properties of DNA. The ability to control the spin localization/delocalization states in DNA chains opens up a new approach for efficient computation and data storage.
Near-infrared switching between slow and fast light in the metal nanoparticles-graphene nanodisks-quantum dots hybrid systems
Authors: Tohari Mariam M 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Graphene-based nanocomposites have recently attracted much interest due to the unique properties of graphene plasmons paving the way to promising potential applications. We study the near-infrared linear optical properties of the metal nanoparticle-graphene nanodisk- quantum dot hybrid system by numerically solving the equation of motion for the density matrix elements that describe the dynamics of the system where the quantum dot is modeled as a three-level atomic system of Λ configuration interacting with a weak probe field and strong control field. We obtain a strong switching between slow and fast light near resonance can be controlled by the distances between the components of the system, the size of metal nanoparticle as well as the Rabi frequency of the control field. Moreover, the proposed hybrid plasmonic system shows a significant amplification without population inversion can be effectively monitored by strength of the control field. Thus, we think that the metal nanoparticle-graphene nanodisk- quantum dot hybrid system has potential applications in communication, sensing, imaging, signal processing and optoelectronics devices.
Integrating optical turbulence into Beer’s law
Authors: Ata Yalçın , Korotkova Olga 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A new quantity is introduced for characterization of the on-axis attenuation of a finite laser beam caused by a turbulent medium. It then can be incorporated into the Beer’s law accounting for the extended medium’s absorption and scattering, and hence provides a simple tool for comparison among the effects of turbulence, absorption and scattering on light. The application of the new attenuation coefficient to atmospheric and oceanic turbulence is illustrated.
Fast-ion-driven vertical modes in magnetically confined toroidal plasmas
Authors: Barberis T. , Porcelli F. , Yolbarsop A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A new type of fast particle instability involving axisymmetric modes in magnetic fusion tokamak plasmas is presented. The relevant dispersion relation involves three roots. One corresponds to a vertical plasma displacement that, in the absence of active feedback stabilization, grows on the wall resistivity time scale. The other two, oscillating close to the poloidal Alfvén frequency, are normally damped by wall resistivity. The resonant interaction with fast ions can drive the oscillatory roots unstable. Resonance conditions, stability thresholds and experimental evidence are discussed.
Verification methodology of a multi-mode radiation-hard high-speed transceiver ASIC
Authors: Pulli A. , Kremastiotis I. , Kulis S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The second version of Low Power Giga Bit Transceiver (lpGBTv1) addresses the functional and radiation-related issues discovered during the testing of lpGBTv0 prototype. Considerable changes to the chip configuration architecture and flow were required. The Universal Verification Methodology (UVM) based verification environment was extensively refactored to address the functional verification challenges posed by the architectural changes in the chip. Additionally, the new UVM environment was designed to support extensive verification of robustness to Single Event Effects (SEE). In this paper we present the revamped UVM verification framework of lpGBTv1 and discuss the verification process, tools, techniques and metrics used to sign-off the design before submission.
Regional disparities in the exposure to heat-related mortality risk under 1.5 °C and 2 °C global warming
Authors: Fan Yuwen , Pei-Syuan Liao , Im Eun-Soon , Lo Min-Hui 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
An increase in heat-related mortality risk has emerged to accompany the ravages of climate change, but its unambiguous assessment remains an onerous task, owing to the non-linear associations between the severity of hot temperatures and human body response. The present study assesses the future heat-related mortality risk under different levels of warming (1.5 °C vs. 2 °C) using the multi-models’ large ensemble simulations. In order to augment the robustness of the patterns for future changes in heat-related mortality risk, multiple indices representing the excess mortality risk solely attributed to higher temperature are estimated from different meteorological variables (maximum temperature, maximum wet-bulb temperature and mean temperature). The ensemble projections reveal a worldwide surge in heat-related mortality risk, albeit with a regionally diverse pattern. Although comparisons of the different indices show some quantitative differences, they provide remarkably consistent regional hotspots, thus amplifying the possible benefit of a mitigation equivalent to 0.5 °C less warming in the equatorial region. In addition to the severity of hot temperatures, the demographic changes evolving along the different shared socio-economic pathways also determine the exposure to heat-related mortality risk. Based on multiple indices and large ensemble simulations, this study contributes to the identification of regional hotspots in terms of the exposure of (the elderly) population to heat-related mortality risk, underscoring the necessity of regionally-tailored adaptation strategies.
Investing in sustainable intensification for smallholders: quantifying large-scale costs and benefits in Uganda
Authors: Piemontese Luigi , Kamugisha Rick Nelson , Barron Jennie , Tukahirwa Joy Margaret Biteete , Harari Nicole , Jaramillo Fernando 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In Uganda, upgrading smallholder agriculture is a necessary step to achieve the interlinked sustainable development goals of hunger eradication, poverty reduction and land degradation neutrality. However, targeting the right restoration practices and estimate their cost-benefit at the national scale is difficult given the highly contextual nature of restoration practices and the diversity of small-scale interventions to be adopted. By analysing the context-specific outcomes of 82 successful case studies on different sustainable land and water management (SLWM) in Uganda, we estimated that out-scaling of existing successful practices to 75% of agricultural land would require a one-time investment of US$ 4.4 billion from smallholders. Our results show that, besides the many social and environmental benefit commonly associated to SLWM, a wide outscale of SLWM could generate US$ 4.7 billion every year, once the practices are fully operational. Our context-specific estimates highlight the profitability of investing in smallholder farming to achieve the sustainable development goals in Uganda, with geographical differences coming from specific social-ecological conditions. This study can guide sustainable intensification development by targeting the most suitable SLWM practices and plan for adequate financial support from government, investors and international development aids to smallholder farming.
Imaging evaluation of computer-generated hologram by using three-dimensional modified structural similarity index
Authors: Chen Chien-Yu , Chuang Chih-Hao , Lin Hoang-Yan , Zhuo Ding-Yu 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Image quality evaluation is a key factor in the advancement and improvement of display technology, which could lead to effective improvement through the evaluation result from various aspects to achieve the better result further. However, display principles and image characteristics should be considered for Image quality evaluation. For three-dimensional (3D) holograms, charge-coupled devices are mainly applied to capture and record reconstructed images for analysis. 3D holograms have multiple depths and thus can lead to varying light intensities at the information points of the reconstructed images during image acquisition. Finally, it will lead to poor analysis results. Aiming at the previously mentioned problem, an algorithm called three-dimensional structural similarity (3D-SSIM) is proposed in this study. It is expected to optimize hologram evaluation and analysis. A fixed-focus shooting system matching silhouette sampling and SSIM is proposed to sample objects with 360° in order to implement 3D SSIM evaluation. This study successfully optimized the hologram evaluation method, leading to more accurate image evaluation results of hologram algorithms or holographic display systems.
One-step extraction of cellulose nanocrystals from high lignin biomass through ammonium persulfate oxidation method
Authors: Madani Haroki , Wibowo Arie , Judawisastra Hermawan , Nishiyama Norikazu , Budhi Yogi Wibisono 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are one of the emerging nanomaterials that have several interesting and unique properties such as high mechanical strength (Young modulus of 100–140 GPa), low density (1.6 g cm−3), and large surface area (150–250 m2 g−1) that are advantageous in a myriad of applications. In this study, CNCs were successfully prepared from empty fruit bunch (EFB), an agricultural waste from palm oil, using a one-step extraction method using ammonium persulfate oxidation. EFB was directly reacted with ammonium persulfate (APS) at different concentrations (1.0; 1.5 and 2.0 M) at 60 °C for 15 h to undergo the oxidation. The oxidised EFB samples were characterised by dynamic light scattering (DLS), x-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The FTIR result shows that lignin and hemicellulose in the EFB were successfully removed using one-step extraction method with minimum APS concentration of 1.5 M. The CNCs product has a crystallinity index of 64.1%, a crystallite size of 3.86 nm, and (0 0 2) plane lattice spacing of 3.95 Å. Based on the lattice spacing calculation of all samples, the crystalline structure of cellulose does not change during the oxidation process. The proposed one-step extraction method has been proven to produce the CNCs from EFB with a crystallinity index of 64.1%, a length of 275.9 ± 82.8 nm, and a diameter of 25 ± 5.3 nm.
Harnessing friction stir back extrusion process to fabricate microtubes from as-cast Mg–4Zn–0.7Zr-1.6RE magnesium alloy
Authors: Lakshminarayanan A K , Ramachandran Saranarayanan , Bakkiyaraj M , Rajabharathi B 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Friction Stir Back Extrusion (FSBE) is a novel manufacturing process widely used to produce lightweight tubes with superior mechanical properties. This work aims to establish the optimum process parameters of the FSBE method to fabricate flaw-free small-scale magnesium microtubes from as-cast Mg-Zn-Zr-Re magnesium alloy. FSBE experimental trials in the light of the Taguchi optimization were attempted to optimize and develop relationships that can link the crucial process parameters, namely tool rotational rate, feed rate, and billet preheating temperature of the FSBE process on the microstructural alterations, microhardness, and corrosion resistance characteristics. The results suggest that the FSBE parameters, especially the tool feed rate, have a crucial influence on the performance attributes of microtubes. Additionally, it is evident that both the tool rotation rate and feed rate significantly affect the formation of dynamically recrystallized fraction (DRX) of the stir zone. The stir zone has achieved a higher density of fine recrystallized grains than the base metal region, which subsequently led to a spike in the microhardness values of this zone. This study has determined that the FSBE technique significantly enhanced the corrosion degradation resistance of microtubes as compared with cast material. The optimal FSBE parameters such as tool rotational rate of 1440 rpm, feed rate of 20 mm min−1, and billet preheating temperature of 100 °C have offered microtubes with the highest microhardness and lowest corrosion degradation rate.
Fast identification of mural pigments at Mogao Grottoes using a LIBS-based spectral matching algorithm
Authors: ZHANG Yiming , SUN Duixiong , YIN Yaopeng , YU Zongren , SU Bomin , DONG Chenzhong , SU Maogen 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
To quickly identify the mineral pigments in the Dunhuang murals, a spectral matching algorithm (SMA) based on four methods was combined with laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) for the first time. The optimal range of LIBS spectrum for mineral pigments was determined using the similarity value between two different types of samples of the same pigment. A mineral pigment LIBS database was established by comparing the spectral similarities of tablets and simulated samples, and this database was successfully used to identify unknown pigments on tablet, simulated, and real mural debris samples. The results show that the SMA method coupled with the LIBS technique has great potential for identifying mineral pigments.
A secure crossing two qubits protocol based on quantum homomorphic encryption
Authors: Cheng Zhen-Wen , Chen Xiu-Bo , Xu Gang , Chang Yan , Yang Yu , Yang Yi-Xian 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In order to solve the information leakage caused by dishonest intermediate nodes in quantum network coding, we apply quantum homomorphic encryption to the butterfly network, and propose a secure protocol for crossing two qubits. Firstly, in the communication process between two senders and the first intermediate node, two senders encrypt their measured particles and send them to the first intermediate node for encoding. If two intermediate nodes are dishonest and know the encryption rules between two senders and two receivers, or there is an external eavesdropper, none of them can recover the transmitted qubits of two senders from the encrypted transmitted particles. In this way, our protocol can transmit two qubits safely and crossly in the butterfly network. Secondly, by analyzing the internal participant attack and the external eavesdropper attack launched by dishonest intermediate nodes and an external eavesdropper respectively, it is confirmed that our protocol is secure. Finally, the experimental simulation results based on the Qiskit framework prove that our protocol is feasible.
Impact of HPA nonlinearity on the performance of power domain OFDM-NOMA system
Authors: Mounir Mohamed , El Mashade Mohamed Bakry , Aboshosha Ashraf Mohamed , Youssef Mohamed Ibrahim 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is expected to be used in beyond fifth-generation (B5G) and sixth-generation (6G) mobile networks to support ultra-massive connectivity. Since the two preceding mobile networks generations used orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), NOMA is expected to be combined with OFDM. Unfortunately, the OFDM signal suffers from a high peak to average power ratio (PAPR) that limits its performance as it passes through the nonlinear high power amplifier (HPA). In literature, few works have studied the effect of nonlinear distortion on OFDM-NOMA. Furthermore, the HPA models used in previous works to describe the impact of nonlinear distortion on OFDM-NOMA in downlink (DL) were impractical or inaccurate. In contrast, this work uses the well-known soft limiter (SL) model with input back-off (IBO) as a practical controlling parameter. Also, instead of investigating the effect of nonlinear distortion on OFDM-NOMA in DL only, this work investigated this effect in both DL and uplink (UL). In particular, during this work, the performance of the OFDM-NOMA system in the presence of nonlinear distortion in both UL and DL is investigated in terms of users’ achievable data rate, sum rate capacity, system fairness, and the bit error rate (BER) of each user. Results showed that, in DL, the NU is the most affected by the nonlinear distortion, while, in UL, the nonlinear distortion caused by the NU’s HPA is more severe than the nonlinear distortion caused by other users.
mlGeNN: accelerating SNN inference using GPU-enabled neural networks
Authors: Turner James Paul , Knight James C , Subramanian Ajay , Nowotny Thomas 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this paper we present mlGeNN—a Python library for the conversion of artificial neural networks (ANNs) specified in Keras to spiking neural networks (SNNs). SNNs are simulated using GeNN with extensions to efficiently support convolutional connectivity and batching. We evaluate converted SNNs on CIFAR-10 and ImageNet classification tasks and compare the performance to both the original ANNs and other SNN simulators. We find that performing inference using a VGG-16 model, trained on the CIFAR-10 dataset, is 2.5× faster than BindsNet and, when using a ResNet-20 model trained on CIFAR-10 with FewSpike ANN to SNN conversion, mlGeNN is only a little over 2× slower than TensorFlow.
Nonstandard Liouville tori and caustics in asymptotics in the form of Airy and Bessel functions for 2D standing coastal waves
Authors: Anikin A. , Dobrokhotov S. , Nazaikinskii V. , Tsvetkova A. 
Published: March 2022

The spectral problem

−
⟨
∇
,
D
(
x
)
∇
ψ
⟩
=
λ
ψ

-\langle \nabla ,D(x)\nabla \psi \rangle = \lambda \psi

in a bounded two-dimensional domain

Ω
\Omega

is considered, where

D
(
x
)

D(x)

is a smooth function positive inside the domain and zero on the boundary whose gradient is different from zero on the boundary. This problem arises in the study of long waves trapped by the shore and by bottom irregularities. For its asymptotic solutions as

λ
→
∞

\lambda \rightarrow \infty

, explicit formulas are given when

D
(
x
)

D(x)

has a special form that guarantees the complete integrability of the Hamiltonian system corresponding to the Hamiltonian

H
(
x
,
p
)
=
D
(
x
)

p
2

H(x,p)=D(x)p^2

. Since the problem is degenerate, the relevant Liouville tori are not in the standard phase space

T
∗

Ω

T^*\Omega

, but in the “extended” phase space

Φ

⊃

T
∗

Ω

\mathbf {\Phi }\supset T^*\Omega

, while their restrictions to

T
∗

Ω

T^*\Omega

are not compact and “go to infinity” with respect to momenta near the boundary of

Ω
\Omega

. As a result, nonstandard caustics emerge, formed by the boundary or its part, near which asymptotic eigenfunctions are expressed in terms of a Bessel function of composite argument. Standard caustics (within the domain) may also appear, which yield Airy functions in the asymptotics.
Leading trait dimensions in flood-tolerant plants
Authors: Pan Yingji , Cieraad Ellen , Armstrong Jean , Armstrong William , Clarkson Beverley R , Pedersen Ole , Visser Eric J W , Voesenek Laurentius A C J , van Bodegom Peter M 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background and Aims
While trait-based approaches have provided critical insights into general plant functioning, we lack a comprehensive quantitative view on plant strategies in flooded conditions. Plants adapted to flooded conditions have specific traits (e.g. root porosity, low root/shoot ratio and shoot elongation) to cope with the environmental stressors including anoxic sediments, and the subsequent presence of phytotoxic compounds. In flooded habitats, plants also respond to potential nutrient and light limitations, e.g. through the expression of leaf economics traits and size-related traits, respectively. However, we do not know whether and how these trait dimensions are connected.

Methods
Based on a trait dataset compiled on 131 plant species from 141 studies in flooded habitats, we quantitatively analysed how flooding-induced traits are positioned in relation to the other two dominant trait dimensions: leaf economics traits and size-related traits. We evaluated how these key trait components are expressed along wetness gradients, across habitat types and among plant life forms.

Key Results
We found that flooding-induced traits constitute a trait dimension independent from leaf economics traits and size-related traits, indicating that there is no generic trade-off associated with flooding adaptations. Moreover, individual flooding-induced traits themselves are to a large extent decoupled from each other. These results suggest that adaptation to stressful environments, such as flooding, can be stressor specific without generic adverse effects on plant functioning (e.g. causing trade-offs on leaf economics traits).

Conclusions
The trait expression across multiple dimensions promotes plant adaptations and coexistence across multifaceted flooded environments. The decoupled trait dimensions, as related to different environmental drivers, also explain why ecosystem functioning (including, for example, methane emissions) are species and habitat specific. Thus, our results provide a backbone for applying trait-based approaches in wetland ecology by considering flooding-induced traits as an independent trait dimension.
KDM5-mediated redistribution of H3K4me3 is required for oocyte-to-embryonic transition in cattle
Authors: Dang Yanna , Luo Lei , Shi Yan , Li Shuang , Wang Shaohua , Zhang Kun 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Reprogramming of histone modifications is critical to safeguard correct gene expression profile during preimplantation development. Of interest, trimethylation of lysine 4 on histone 3 (H3K4me3) exhibits a unique and dynamic landscape with a potential species-specific feature. Here, we address how it is reprogrammed and its functional significance during oocyte maturation and early embryonic development in cows. Notably, the overall signal of H3K4me3 decreased sharply during embryonic genome activation (EGA). By using low input ChIP-seq, we find widespread broad H3K4me3 domains in oocytes and early cleaved embryos. The broad domains are gradually removed after fertilization, which is obviously seen during EGA. Meanwhile, H3K4me3 becomes enriched at promoter regions after the removal of broad H3K4me3. Interestingly, the gene expression level displays a positive correlation with the relative H3K4me3 signal of their promoters when embryos reach 16-cell stage. Importantly, disruption of KDM5 (H3K4me3 demethylases) increases H3K4me3 level, decreases the embryonic developmental rate, and results in dysregulation of over a thousand genes. Meanwhile, KDM5 deficiency causes a redistribution of H3K4me3 across genome. In particular, H3K4me3 in gene body or intergenic regions cannot be removed, and H3K4me3 in promoter regions is aberrantly reduced. Besides, the positive correlation between promoter H3K4me3 enrichment and gene expression level disappears. Overall, we describe the genomic reprogramming of H3K4me3 with a greater resolution during bovine preimplantation development and propose that KDM5-mediated redistribution of H3K4me3 plays an important role in modulating oocyte-to-embryonic transition.