bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nomogram for predicting the overall survival of patients with early‐onset prostate cancer: A population‐based retrospective study
Authors: Hu Yongtao , Qi Qiao , Zheng Yongshun , Wang Haoran , Zhou Jun , Hao Zongyao , Meng Jialin , Liang Chaozhao 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe incidence of early‐onset prostate cancer (PCa) has increased significantly over the past few decades. It is necessary to develop a prognostic nomogram for the prediction of overall survival (OS) in early‐onset PCa patients.MethodsA total of 23,730 early‐onset PCa patients (younger than 55 years old) between 2010 and 2015 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database were enrolled for the current study, and randomly separated into the training cohort and the validation cohort. 361 eligible early‐onset PCa patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas‐Prostate Adenocarcinoma (TCGA‐PRAD) cohort were obtained as the external validation cohort. Independent predictors were selected by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis, and a prognostic nomogram was constructed for 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year OS. The accurate and discriminative abilities of the nomogram were evaluated by the concordance index (C‐index), receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), calibration plot, net reclassification index (NRI), and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI).ResultsMultivariate Cox analysis showed that race, marital status, TNM stage, prostate‐specific antigen, Gleason score, and surgery were significantly associated with poor prognosis of PCa. A nomogram consisting of these variables was established, which had higher C‐indexes than the TNM system (training cohort: 0.831 vs. 0.746, validation cohort: 0.817 vs. 0.752). Better AUCs of the nomogram than the TNM system at 1, 3, and 5 years were found in both the training cohort and the validation cohort. The 3‐year and 5‐year AUCs of the nomogram in the TCGA‐PRAD cohort were 0.723 and 0.679, respectively. The calibration diagram, NRI, and IDI also showed promising prognostic value in OS.ConclusionsWe developed an effective prognostic nomogram for OS prediction in early‐onset PCa patients, which will further assist both the precise clinical treatment and the assessment of long‐term outcomes.
Challenges of the Omicron (B.1.1.529) Variant and Its Lineages: A Global Perspective
Authors: Mohapatra Ranjan K. , Kandi Venkataramana , Verma Sarika , Dhama Kuldeep 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe SARS‐CoV‐2 virus has shown increased ability to mutate over the past two years, especially in the regions of the spike protein and receptor binding sites. Omicron (B.1.1.529) is the fifth variant of concern (VOC) after the emergence of the Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta VOCs of SARS‐CoV‐2. This new variant has now circulated in 128 countries and according to the Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data (GISAID), these 128 countries have shared 650,657 Omicron genome sequences as of 26 January, 2022. In this article, we highlight the real challenges of Omicron and its different lineages.
In Vivo Assembly and Expression of DNA Containing Non‐canonical Bases in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Nguyen Hoai , Abramov Mikhail , Rozenski Jef , Eremeeva Elena , Herdewijn Piet 
Published: March 2022

AbstractChemically modified nucleic acids are of utmost interest in synthetic biology for creating a regulable and sophisticated synthetic system with tailor‐made properties. Implanting chemically modified nucleic acids in microorganisms might serve biotechnological applications, while using them in human cells might lead to new advanced medicines. Previously, we reported that a fully modified DNA sequence (called DZA) composed of the four base‐modified nucleotides – 7‐deaza‐adenine, 5‐chlorouracil, 7‐deaza‐guanine and 5‐fluorocytosine – could function as a genetic template in prokaryotic cells, Escherichia coli. Here, we report the synthesis of long, partially, or fully modified DZA fragments that encode the yeast‐enhanced red fluorescent protein (yEmRFP). The DZA sequences were directly introduced in the genome of the eukaryotic cells, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, via the yeast natural homologous recombination machinery. The simple and straightforward DZA cloning strategy reported here might be of interest to scientists working in the field of xenobiology in yeast.
The enigma of persistent hypertriglyceridemia: A case report
Authors: Dhaliwal Armaan , Ravi Soumiya , Bains Kanwal , Potharaju Anil Kumar , Shah Tasneem 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA patient with a history of Mandibular hypoplasia, Deafness, Progeroid Features Associated Lipodystrophy Syndrome (MDPL), familial lipodystrophy presented with hypertriglyceridemia induced pancreatitis with triglycerides in the 3000s. This lipodystrophy occurs due to a mutation in the POLD1 gene (DNA polymerase delta 1). MDPL, hypertriglyceridemia, pancreatitis, POLD1.
Calcium Mediated C−H Silylation of Aromatic Heterocycles with Hydrosilanes
Authors: Gong Xun , Deng Peng , Cheng Jianhua 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTreatment of mononuclear calcium hydride complex [(TpAd,iPr)Ca(H)(THP)] (1) (TpAd,iPr=hydrotris(3‐adamantyl‐5‐isopropyl‐pyrazolyl)borate, THP=tetrahydropyran) with 2‐methylthiophene, 2‐methylfuran, and 1‐methyl‐1H‐indole in THF/hexane solution led to the formation of calcium thiophenyl (2), furanyl (3), and indolyl (4) complexes,viasp2C−H bond activation. The reaction of complex1with 2‐methylpyridine and quinoline afforded calcium benzyl pyridinyl (5) and 1,2‐dihydroquinolide (6) complexes, through sp3C−H bond activation and hydride insertion reaction, respectively. Under mild conditions, the catalytic regioselective sp2C−H silylation of a series of aromatic heterocycles with secondary hydrosilane was achieved by the use of complex1. This protocol offers a straightforward method for the synthesis of silylated heteroaromatic compounds without a hydrogen acceptor and free of transition metal.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Csp2−OMe Functionalization for Chemoselective Aromatic Homologation En Route to Nanographenes
Authors: Capdevila Lorena , Sala Judith , Ackermann Lutz , Ribas Xavi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA Ni‐catalyzed Csp2−OMe ortho‐functionalization methodology to form chemoselectively alkyne monoannulation or aromatic homologation products is reported as a novel protocol towards the valorisation of substrates containing Csp2−OMe units. Double activation of Csp2−OMe and Csp2−F bonds is also demonstrated. Further use of aromatic homologation products towards the synthesis of nanographene‐like compounds is described.
How the Chalcogen Atom Size Dictates the Hydrogen‐Bond Donor Capability of Carboxamides, Thioamides, and Selenoamides
Authors: Nieuwland Celine , Fonseca Guerra Célia 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe amino groups of thio‐ and selenoamides can act as stronger hydrogen‐bond donors than of carboxamides, despite the lower electronegativity of S and Se. This phenomenon has been experimentally explored, particularly in organocatalysis, but a sound electronic explanation is lacking. Our quantum chemical investigations show that the NH2groups in thio‐ and selenoamides are more positively charged than in carboxamides. This originates from the larger electronic density flow from the nitrogen lone pair of the NH2group towards the lower‐lying π*C=Sand π*C=Seorbitals than to the high‐lying π*C=Oorbital. The relative energies of the π* orbitals result from the overlap between the chalcogennp and carbon 2p atomic orbitals, which is set by the carbon‐chalcogen equilibrium distance, a consequence of the Pauli repulsion between the two bonded atoms. Thus, neither the electronegativity nor the often‐suggested polarizability but thesteric sizeof the chalcogen atom determines the amide's hydrogen‐bond donor capability.
Autothermal Oxidative Coupling of Methane: Steady‐State Multiplicity over Mn‐Na2WO4/SiO2 at Mini‐Plant Scale
Authors: Perez Ortiz Abigail , Penteado Alberto , Karsten Tim , Esche Erik , Grigull Vitor , Schomäcker Reinhard , Repke Jens‐Uwe 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAn experimental study of the potential autothermal reactor operation for the ethylene production via oxidative coupling of methane based on the ignition‐extinction behavior for a Mn‐Na2WO4/SiO2 catalyst is presented. The possibility of benefiting from the heat released during the reaction is analyzed. The effect of different process variables, challenges, and limitations on the autothermal oxidative coupling of methane reactor operation are investigated in which a moderately large amount of heat appears.
Secretagogin in the brain and pituitary of the catfish, Clarias batrachus: Molecular characterization and regulation by insulin
Authors: Basu Sumela , Mitra Saptarsi , Singh Omprakash , Chandramohan Bathrachalam , Singru Praful S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSecretagogin (scgn), is a novel hexa EF‐hand, phylogenetically conserved calcium‐binding protein. It serves as Ca2+ sensor and participates in Ca2+‐signaling and neuroendocrine regulation in mammals. However, its relevance in the brain of non‐mammalian vertebrates has largely remained unexplored. To address this issue, we studied the cDNA encoding scgn, scgn mRNA expression, and distribution of scgn‐equipped elements in the brain and pituitary of a teleost, Clarias batrachus (cb). The cbscgn cDNA consists of three transcripts (T) variants: T1 (2185 bp), T2 (2151 bp) and T3 (2060 bp). While 816 bp ORF in T1 and T2 encodes highly conserved six EF‐hand 272 aa protein fully capable of Ca2+‐binding, 726‐bp ORF in T3 encodes 242 aa protein. The T1 showed >90% and >70% identity with scgn of catfishes, and other teleosts and mammals, respectively. The T1‐mRNA was widely expressed in the brain and pituitary, while the expression of T3 was restricted to the telencephalon. Application of the anti‐scgn antiserum revealed a ∼32 kDa scgn‐immunoreactive (scgn‐i) band (known molecular weight of scgn) in the forebrain tissue, and immunohistochemically labeled neurons in the olfactory epithelium and bulb, telencephalon, preoptic area, hypothalamus, thalamus, and hindbrain. In the pituitary, scgn‐i cells were seen in the pars distalis and intermedia. Insulin is reported to regulate scgn mRNA in the mammalian hippocampus, and feeding‐related neuropeptides in the telencephalon of teleost. Intracranial injection of insulin significantly increased T1‐mRNA expression and scgn‐immunoreactivity in the telencephalon. We suggest that scgn may be an important player in the regulation of olfactory, neuroendocrine system, and energy balance functions in C. batrachus.
A comparative performance study of random‐grid model for hyperparameters selection in detection of abnormalities in digital breast images
Authors: Oyelade Olaide N. , Ezugwu Absalom E. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDeep learning models have been widely reported to have achieved significant performance in image processing and classification tasks. They have mainly been harnessed and applied to the problem of detecting abnormalities in digital breast images. However, the significant number and high dimensional space requirement of hyperparameters in deep learning models often make it challenging to find the best configuration for such parameters when tuning for best performance. In appropriately handling this performance tuning often lead to difficulty in striking balance between underfitting and overfitting. This article proposes an optimized convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture through application of hybrid selection model in obtaining best hyperparameter configuration which outperforms similar existing models. We approached this non‐trivial challenge by defining a hybrid of the grid‐based and random‐based model for the selection of hyperparameters and then investigate the performance of the configurations. To further improve the performance of the CNN model, data augmentation technique was applied. Furthermore, the study undertook a comparative study of the performance of the best configuration on some benchmarked datasets. The resulting model was applied to publicly available benchmark datasets, namely, the DDSM and MIAS datasets. Findings from the experimentations revealed that hyperparameters with Adam optimization algorithm showed superiority by yielding an accuracy of 1.0 using DDSM dataset, while SGD, RMSprop, Adam, and Adagrad output an accuracy of 0.9375 with MIAS dataset. The outcome of this study further strengthens the appropriateness of Adam optimizer and has also produced a state‐of‐the‐art CNN model suitable for solving the problem of detection and classification of breast cancer from digital mammography.
An efficient energy consumption and delay aware autonomous data gathering routing protocol scheme using a deep learning mobile edge model and beetle antennae search algorithm for underwater wireless sensor network
Authors: Pradeep S. , Tapas Bapu B. R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractUnderwater wireless sensor network (UWSN) is used to monitor the compactness of ocean surveillance, marine and harsh underwater environment. In this article, an efficient energy consumption and delay aware autonomous data gathering routing protocol (ADGRP) scheme based on deep learning (dl) mobile edge model (mem) and beetle antennae search algorithm (BASA) for UWSN is proposed to overcome above problems. ADGRP is used to gather more data from the underwater environment by the use of the autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV). DL‐MEM is used to increase the network life time. Then the deep learning parameters are optimized by using BAS. The objective function is “to increase the efficiency and lifetime of network by decreasing the energy consumptions and delay.” The simulation process is carried out in MATLAB site. The proposed ADGRP‐DL‐MEM‐BASA provides lower energy consumption 20.83%, 34.66%, 18.03%, 20.92%, 22.34%, lower energy drop 7.85%, 23.94%, 17.93%, 21.93%, 31.94% is compared with the existing energy‐efficient probabilistic depth‐based routing (EEPDBR‐UWSN), ordered contention MAC (OCMAC‐UWSN), Q‐learning based energy‐efficient and void avoidance routing protocol for underwater acoustic sensor networks (QL‐EEBDG‐UWSN), energy‐efficient depth‐base opportunistic routing along Q‐learning for underwater wireless sensor networks (EDORQ‐UWSN), channel‐aware reinforcement learning‐based multipath adaptive routing for underwater wireless sensor networks (CARMA‐ EE‐UWSN) respectively.
Binary differential evolution with self learning and deep neural network for breast cancer classification
Authors: Pamula Pullaiah Nagaraja Rao , Venkatasekhar Dorai , Venkatramana Padarthi , Sudhakar Balaraj 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEarly classification of breast cancer helps to treat the patient effectively and increases the survival rate. The existing methods involve applying the feature selection methods and deep learning methods to improve the performance of the breast cancer classification. In this research, the binary differential evolution with self learning (BDE‐SL) and deep neural network (DNN) method is proposed to improve the performance of the breast cancer classification. The BDE‐SL feature selection method involves selecting the relevant features based on the measure of probability difference for each feature and non‐dominated sorting. The DNN method has the advantage which effectively analysis the non‐linear relationship among the selected features and output. The BI‐RADS MRI breast cancer dataset was applied to test the performance of the proposed method. The adaptive histogram equalization and region growing applied in the input images to enhance the image. The dual‐tree complex wavelet transform, gray‐level co‐occurrence matrix, and local directional ternary pattern were the feature extraction method used for the classification. This result shows that BDE‐SL with the DNN method has an accuracy of 99.12% and the existing convolutional neural network has 98.33% accuracy.
Development of a Core–Shell Heterojunction TiO2/SrTiO3 Electrolyte with Improved Ionic Conductivity
Authors: Fang Li , Hu Enyi , Hu Xiaojian , Jiang Zheng , Shah M. A. K. Yousaf , Wang Jun , Wang Faze 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLately, semiconductor‐membrane fuel cells (SMFCs) have attained significant interest and great attention due to the deliverance of high performance at low operational temperatures, <550 °C. This work has synthesized the nanocomposite core‐shell heterostructure (TiO2−SrTiO3) electrolyte powder by employing the simple hydrothermal method for the SMFC. The SrTiO3 was grown in situ on the surface of TiO2 to form a core‐shell structure. A heterojunction mechanism based on the energy band structure is proposed to explain the ion transport pathway and promoted protonic conductivity. The core‐shell heterostructure (TiO2−SrTiO3) was utilized as an electrolyte to reach the peak power density of 951 mW cm−2 with an open‐circuit voltage of 1.075 V at 550 °C. The formation of core‐shell heterostructure among TiO2 and SrTiO3 causes redistribution of charges and establishes a depletion region at the interface, which confined the protons′ transport on the surface layer with accelerated ion transport and lower activation energy. The current work reveals novel insights to understand enhanced proton transport and unique methodology to develop low‐temperature ceramic fuel cells with high performance.
Synthetic Routes for Designing Furanic and Non Furanic Biobased Surfactants from 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural
Authors: Velty Alexandra , Iborra Sara , Corma Avelino 
Published: March 2022

Abstract5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is one of the most valuable biomass platform molecules, enabling the construction of a plethora of high value‐added furanic compounds. In particular, in the last decade, HMF has been considered as a starting material for designing biobased surfactants, not only because of its renewability and carbon footprint, but also because of its enhanced biodegradability. This Review presents recent examples of the different approaches to link the hydrophilic and lipophilic moieties into the hydrophobic furan (and tetrahydrofuran) ring, giving a variety of biobased surfactants that have been classified here according to the charge of the head polar group. Moreover, strategies for the synthesis of different non‐furanic structures surfactant molecules (such as levulinic acid, cyclopentanols, and aromatics) derived from HMF are described. The new HMF‐based amphiphilic molecules presented here cover a wide range of hydrophilic‐lipophilic balance values and have suitable surfactant properties such as surface tension activity and critical micelle concentration, to be an important alternative for the replacement of non‐sustainable surfactants.
Tight‐loose: Understanding variability, trade‐offs and felt accountability across the curriculum‐pedagogy‐assessment dynamic
Authors: Trask Suzanne , Cowie Bronwen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractVariability in education systems is a given. Variability has at once positive and negative implications for the main goal of education which is accelerating learning across diverse contexts and for all learners. In this article, we explain and employ a tight‐loose framing to understand the scope for variability within an education system. A tight‐loose framing directs attention to the interplay of prescription/accountability and autonomy. This framing is yet to be fully explored as a way of understanding and exploiting variability across the curriculum‐pedagogy‐assessment dynamic within a high‐stakes assessment context. High‐stake assessment has particular susceptibilities to variability because of its consequences for stakeholders and implications for accountability across the various levels of the education system. We illustrate the tight‐loose framing through a case study from New Zealand of a teacher and her class of Year 12 science learners who were working towards the national senior secondary school exit qualification. The teacher was trialling a new General Science course that emphasised inquiry. Observation and interview data were collected over the course of the school year. We analyse the contours of variability across levels of the national curriculum and assessment policy, school agendas, teacher pedagogy, and student decision‐making and experiences. Our findings show that teachers and students made trade‐offs according to felt accountabilities and priorities within the tightness and looseness of their education context, as they perceived and experienced it. Our proposition is that a multi‐level tight‐loose framing provides a new and different insight into how policies, philosophies and practices interact under high‐stakes conditions to affect outcomes for learners.
Citizenship education in Chile: Curricular orientations and teachers' beliefs in a context of political crisis and social mobilization
Authors: Cox Cristián , Jara Ibarra Camila , Sánchez Bachmann Macarena 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOver the last decade in the context of collapsing trust in major public and private institutions, Chilean society has engaged in massive social mobilizations culminating in 2019 with widespread rioting in rebellion against the neoliberal model. This socio‐political crisis raises the general question which this article addresses: How does such a fluid political, highly mobilized, and polarized social context influence school citizenship education? Focusing on features of curriculum and teacher‐held beliefs regarding democratic principles and forms of political participation, a mixed‐methods approach produces evidence which makes visible a consistent pattern of influence. First, we find evidence of an orientation in the curriculum towards critical active citizenship with a parallel silencing of key democratic processes and skills, like voting and deliberation. Second, we reveal a complex and ambivalent set of beliefs among teachers which combine both community and contentious—even illegal—forms of political participation, on the one hand, and formal political participation through voting as key, on the other.
Blood biomarkers for cognitive decline and clinical progression in a Mexican American cohort
Authors: Gonzales Mitzi M. , Wang Chen‐Pin , Short Meghan I. , Parent Danielle M. , Kautz Tiffany , MacCarthy Daniel , Satizabal Claudia L. , González David Andrés , Royall Donald R. , Zare Habil , O'Bryant Sid , Maestre Gladys E. , Tracy Russell P. , Seshadri Sudha 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroduction: The clinical translation of biofluid markers for dementia requires validation in diverse cohorts. The study goal was to evaluate if blood biomarkers reflecting diverse pathophysiological processes predict disease progression in Mexican American adults.Methods: Mexican American adults (n = 745), 50 years of age and older, completed annual assessments over a mean of 4 years. Serum collected at baseline was assayed for total tau, neurofilament light (NFL), ubiquitin carboxyl‐terminal hydrolase LI, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), soluble cluster of differentiation 14 (sCD14), and chitinase‐3‐like protein 1 (YKL‐40).Results: Higher GFAP and NFL were associated with global cognitive decline. Only GFAP was associated with increased incident dementia risk (hazard ratio: 1.611 (95% confidence interval: 1.204‐2.155)) and inclusion of additional biomarkers did not improve model fit.Discussion: Among a panel of six blood biomarkers previously associated with neurodegenerative disease, only GFAP predicted incident dementia in our cohort. The findings suggest that blood GFAP levels may aid dementia‐risk prediction among Mexican American adults.