bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronic loose stools following right‐sided hemicolectomy for colon cancer and the association with bile acid malabsorption and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth
Authors: Larsen Helene Mathilde , Krogh Klaus , Borre Mette , Gregersen Tine , Mejlby Hansen Mette , Arveschoug Anne K , Christensen Peter , Drewes Asbjørn Mohr , Emmertsen Katrine Jøssing , Laurberg Søren , Ladefoged Fassov Janne 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimPatients treated with right‐sided hemicolectomy for colon cancer may suffer from long‐term bowel dysfunction, including loose stools, urgency and faecal incontinence. The underlying causes are poorly understood. The aim of this case–control study was to investigate the aetiology of chronic loose stools among patients with right‐sided hemicolectomy curatively operated for cancer.MethodCases with chronic loose stools (Bristol stool type 6–7) after right‐sided hemicolectomy were compared with a control group of patients with right‐sided hemicolectomy without loose stools. All patients underwent a selenium‐75 homocholic acid taurine (SeHCAT) scan to diagnose bile acid malabsorption (BAM) and a glucose breath test to diagnose small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO). Gastrointestinal transit time (GITT) was assessed with radiopaque markers. In a subgroup of patients, fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) was measured in fasting blood. SIBO was treated with antibiotics and BAM was treated with bile acid sequestrants.ResultsWe included 45 cases and 19 controls. In the case group, 82% (n = 36) had BAM compared with 37% (n = 7) in the control group, p < 0.001. SIBO was diagnosed in 73% (n = 33) of cases with chronic loose stools and in 74% (n = 14) of controls, p = 0.977. No association between BAM and SIBO was observed. GITT was similar in cases and controls. No difference in median FGF19 was observed between cases and controls (p = 0.894), and no correlation was seen between FGF19 and SeHCAT retention (rs 0.20, p = 0.294). Bowel symptoms among cases were reduced after treatment.ConclusionBAM and SIBO are common in patients having undergone right‐sided hemicolectomy for cancer. Chronic loose stools were associated with BAM but not with SIBO.
Formation of CYP3A‐specific metabolites of ibrutinib in vitro is correlated with hepatic CYP3A activity and 4β‐hydroxycholesterol/cholesterol ratio
Authors: Lee Jonghwa , Fallon John K. , Smith Philip C. , Jackson Klarissa D. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIbrutinib is an orally administered Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved for the treatment of B‐cell malignancies, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Ibrutinib is metabolized primarily via oxidation by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4/5 to M37 (the primary active metabolite), M34, and M25. The objectives of this study were to assess the relationship between formation of the major CYP3A‐specific ibrutinib metabolites in vitro and hepatic CYP3A activity and protein abundance, and to evaluate the utility of the endogenous CYP3A biomarker, plasma 4β‐hydroxycholesterol (4β‐HC) to cholesterol ratio, to predict ibrutinib metabolite formation in individual cadaveric donors with matching hepatocytes. Ibrutinib (5 μM) was incubated with single‐donor human liver microsomes (n = 20) and primary human hepatocytes (n = 15), and metabolites (M37, M34, and M25) were measured by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry analysis. CYP3A4/5 protein concentrations were measured by quantitative targeted absolute proteomics, and CYP3A activity was measured by midazolam 1′‐hydroxylation. Ibrutinib metabolite formation positively correlated with midazolam 1′‐hydroxylation in human liver microsomes and hepatocytes. Plasma 4β‐HC and cholesterol concentrations were measured in plasma samples obtained at the time of liver harvest from the same 15 donors with matching hepatocytes. Midazolam 1′‐hydroxylation in hepatocytes correlated with plasma 4β‐HC/cholesterol ratio. When an infant donor (1 year old) was excluded based on previous ontogeny studies, M37 and M25 formation correlated with plasma 4β‐HC/cholesterol ratio in the remaining 14 donors (Spearman correlation coefficients [r] 0.62 and 0.67, respectively). Collectively, these data indicate a positive association among formation of CYP3A‐specific ibrutinib metabolites in human hepatocytes, hepatic CYP3A activity, and plasma 4β‐HC/cholesterol ratio in the same non‐infant donors.
Level of agreement between three‐dimensional transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography for mitral annulus evaluation: A feasibility and comparison study
Authors: Papadopoulos Konstantinos , Ikonomidis Ignatios , Özden Özge , Tzikas Apostolos , Arampatzis Chourmouzios A. , Vannan Manni A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionMitral annulus assessment is of utmost importance for the management of patients with mitral valve (MV) abnormalities, as it helps to determine the decision for surgical or transcatheter treatment. Three‐dimensional (3D) transesophageal echocardiography (TOE) has been the only reliable echocardiographic method for the evaluation of the mitral annulus by now. However, newer transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) 3D probes have enabled to provide accurate measurements as well and become a valuable tool when TOE is contraindicated. The aim of this study is to assess the feasibility of 3D TTE analysis of mitral annulus and the level of agreement with 3D TOE measurements.MethodsA total of 121 consecutive patients were assessed with 3D TTE and TOE. All mitral annulus parameters were retrospectively analyzed with the dedicated 4D autoMVQ application. Bland‐Altman analysis and intraclass correlation coefficient were used for the comparison and agreement between the two methods. Half of our patients had normal mitral valves and served as control group, while the other half had various mitral valve pathologies.ResultsAutoMVQ analysis was not feasible in 11 out of 121 TTE examinations (91% feasibility) and in 4 out of 121 TOE examinations (96% feasibility). Mitral annular area and perimeter were slightly larger in TTE than those measured by TOE (12.7 ± 3.6 vs. 12.4 ± 3.2 cm2 for area and 12.7 ± 1.7 vs. 12.5 ± 1.6 cm for perimeter), however still showing strong correlation (r = .942 and r = .922, respectively). The majority of mitral valve measurements (anterior‐posterior, medial‐lateral and commissural diameter, aorto‐mitral angle and anterior leaflet length) were similar among the two methods with strong correlation (r > .80). Inter‐trigonal distance, posterior leaflet length and tenting height showed weaker agreement between TTE and TOE (r = .687, r = .687, r = .634, respectively). Mitral annular dimensions (by 3D area) were found to be significantly larger in patients with MV pathology (13.5 ± 3.5 vs. 11 ± 2.3 cm2), atrial fibrillation (14.4 ± 3 vs. 11.4 ± 2.8 cm2), left ventricular (13.8 ± 3.1 vs. 11.7 ± 3.1cm2) and left atrial dilatation (13 ± 3.3 vs. 10.6 ± 2.3cm2) compared to the individuals in the control group (p < .001 for all comparisons).ConclusionsAssessment of the MV with 3D TTE with dedicated MVQ software is feasible and accurate, showing strong correlation and agreement with TOE measurements.
Estimating the spawning activity of fish species using nuclear and mitochondrial environmental DNA concentrations and their ratios
Authors: Wu Luhan , Wu Qianqian , Inagawa Takashi , Okitsu Jiro , Sakamoto Shogo , Minamoto Toshifumi 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

During spawning activity, fish release large amounts of sperm and eggs into the water, which has been assumed to cause an increase in environmental DNA (eDNA) levels and nuclear DNA/mitochondrial DNA ratios. To test whether these assumptions are valid and whether nuclear and mitochondrial eDNA analysis can be used to monitor the spawning activity of freshwater fish, we conducted field eDNA surveys and traditional surveys using common carp (Cyprinus carpio), largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) and bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) as model species.

Fish spawning periods were estimated based on age, as estimated using the body lengths of juveniles collected in the Miharu reservoir in Fukushima, Japan. The results showed that the main spawning periods of largemouth bass and bluegill sunfish were from April to July and from July to August, respectively.

Field eDNA surveys were conducted in the Hebisawagawa front reservoir, which is connected to the Miharu reservoir. From March to August 2019 and 2020, weekly eDNA sampling was conducted at three sites, and daily sampling was conducted at six sites from 23 June to 3 July 2020. The eDNA concentrations of the nuclear internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) and mitochondrial cytochrome B (CytB), as well as the ITS1/CytB ratio, were measured for each of the three fish in each water sample. Water temperature had a statistically significant effect on eDNA concentration, probably reflecting the relationship between water temperature and spawning.

We created generalised additive mixed models to estimate spawning activity periods based on weekly eDNA data. The estimated periods of spawning activity for common carp, largemouth bass and bluegill sunfish were March to May, May to July, and May to August, respectively. The estimated spawning periods coincided with known fish ecology or the results of traditional methods. This method also has been applied to daily eDNA samples, showing the feasibility of high‐resolution estimation of spawning activity.

For common carp and bluegill sunfish, we were able to estimate the spawning period using this method. Although the method is affected by biomass and the diffusion and degradation of eDNA, it has the potential to accurately estimating spawning activities. These then can be estimated without conducting laborious traditional surveys, facilitating the monitoring of reproduction by rare, invasive or important fishery species. Further research on the diffusion distance and degradation time of the eDNA concentration peak caused by fish spawning activity may improve the accuracy of monitoring.
Contrasting bottom‐up effects of warming ocean on two king penguin populations
Authors: Brisson‐Curadeau Émile , Elliott Kyle , Bost Charles‐André 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBreeding success is often correlated with climate, but the underlying bottom‐up mechanisms remain elusive—particularly in marine environments. Consequently, conservation plans of many species often consider climate change as a unilateral threat, ignoring that even nearby populations can show contradicting trends with climate. Better understanding the relationship between climate and environment at different scales can help us interpret local differences in population trends, ultimately providing better tools to evaluate the global response of a species to threats such as global warming. We studied a growing king penguin population nesting at Kerguelen island (Southern Indian Ocean), hosting one of the largest colonies in the world. We used a unique dataset of foraging, breeding success, and climate data spanning over 25 years to examine the links between climate, marine environment, and breeding success at this colony. The results were then compared to the neighboring population of Crozet, which experienced the steepest decline for this species over the past few decades. At Crozet, penguins experienced lower breeding success in warmer years due to productive currents shifting away from the colony, affecting foraging behavior during chick rearing. At Kerguelen, while chick mass and survival experienced extreme variation from year to year, the annual variation was not associated with the position of the currents, which varied very little compared to the situation in Crozet. Rather than being affected by prey distribution shifts, we found evidence that chick provisioning in Kerguelen might be influenced by prey abundance, which seem to rather increase in warmer conditions. Furthermore, warmer air temperature in winter increased chick survival rate, likely due to reduced thermoregulation cost. Investigating the mechanisms between climate and fitness allowed us to predict two different fates for these populations regarding ongoing global warming.
PUBLIC DEBT BUBBLES IN HETEROGENEOUS AGENT MODELS WITH TAIL RISK
Authors: Kocherlakota Narayana R. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis article studies the public debt implications of an analytically tractable class of incomplete insurance macroeconomic models in which agents face a near‐zero probability of a highly adverse outcome. In generic models of this kind, there exists a public debt bubble, so that the real interest rate is perpetually below the growth rate (set to zero). There is no upper bound on the deficit level or debt level that is sustainable in a bubbly equilibrium. In a public debt bubble, ex ante steady‐state welfare is higher if the government chooses policies that give rise to a larger level of debt.
Effects of fatty acid‐blending heat‐moisture treatment on the physicochemical and in vitro digestion properties of sweet potato flour
Authors: Zhang Xiunan , Jia Yajuan , Sun Yangyang , Li Guanglei 
Published: November 2022

SummaryIn this paper, the effects of fatty acid‐blending heat‐moisture treatment (FA‐HMT) on the physicochemical and in vitro digestion properties of sweet potato flour (SPF) were studied based on the study on the physical modification of SPF by HMT. The results showed that the addition of linoleic acid (LOA)/Palmitic acid (PA) damaged the double helix structure of SPF, and reduced the long‐range order, relative crystallinity, anti‐aging, anti‐shearing properties and slow digestible starch (SDS) content of SPF. However, the FA‐HMT promoted the increase of RS5 (starch‐lipid complex) content in SPF, which had a certain positive effect on improving the intestinal environment. The results showed that when the addition ratio of LOA was 2%, the SDS content of SPF decreased slightly, and the SPF had better anti‐aging, anti‐shearing properties and higher RS5 content.
Brexit, uncertainty, and migration decisions
Authors: Auer Daniel , Tetlow Daniel 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe leverage the British Brexit referendum decision to leave the European Union, to demonstrate how changes in uncertainty about a country's future socio‐political condition can impact migratory behaviour. Using official bilateral migration statistics, we report an excess increase in migration from the UK to the EU of approximately 16% post‐referendum, compared to movements between the remaining EU countries over the same period. In addition, we analyse in‐depth interviews conducted with UK migrants in Germany to show that uncertainty about future bilateral relations, a negative economic outlook, and perceptions of negative social consequences in the UK have been by far the most dominant drivers of migration in the post‐referendum period. We further corroborate the effect of changes in uncertainty on migration‐related behaviour with exceptional spikes in naturalisations, indicating that UK citizens living in other EU member states are actively taking decisions to mitigate the negative impact that Brexit is having on their livelihoods.
Economic and environmental implications of resource rent: A dual analysis of Venezuela's sustainability
Authors: Udemba Edmund Ntom , Yalçıntaş Selin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractVenezuela is among the several countries of the world endowed with natural resources such as oil rent and others. The influence of these resources, which can be felt in both economic and environmental development, is capable of impacting sustainable development goals of any country rich in them. Considering the global climate goals, it is essential to investigate the impact of natural resource rent on its sustainable development goals. We applied Venezuelan country‐specific data of 1972–2014 for an insightful study of the country's sustainable development amidst high resource rent with regard to both economic and environmental performance. The principles of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) and pollution haven and halo hypothesis (PHH) were considered to ascertain the pattern and effect of the economic growth and foreign direct investment (FDI) on Venezuelan environmental performance. Different methods such as the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) dynamics and bounds, structural break, and Granger causality test were applied for an accurate estimation and insightful analysis. From the ARDL estimations, we found an N‐shaped Kuznets curve, which counters the U‐shaped Kuznets, for the case of Venezuela. Both natural resources and FDI are found to impact positively on the environment, and this confirmed the pollution halo hypothesis for Venezuela. Fossil fuel energy source is found to impact negatively Venezuela's environment with positive relationship between energy use and CO2. From the Granger causality finding, a unidirectional Granger causality is found to transmit from FDI to environment, while bidirectional Granger causality is found to transmit between economic growth and environment. With the findings from both analyses, especially from the vector error correction model (VECM) Granger causality, a nexus is established among economic growth, environment, and FDI, which confirmed the pollution halo hypothesis.
Atrial fibrillation detection using insertable cardiac monitor after stroke: A real‐world cohort study
Authors: Noubiap Jean J. , Thomas Gijo , Middeldorp Melissa E. , Fitzgerald John L. , Harper Curtis , Sanders Prashanthan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to report the real‐world atrial fibrillation (AF) diagnostic yield of the implantable cardiac monitor (ICM) in patients with stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA), and compare it to patients with an ICM for unexplained syncope.MethodsWe used patient data from device clinics across the United States of America with ICM remote monitoring via PaceMate™, implanted for stroke or TIA, and unexplained syncope. Patients with known AF or atrial flutter were excluded. The outcome was AF lasting ≥2 min, adjudicated by International Board of Heart Rhythm Examiners certified cardiac device specialists.ResultsWe included a total of 2469 patients, 51.1% with stroke or TIA (mean age: 69.7 [SD: 12.2] years, 41.1% female) and 48.9% with syncope (mean age: 67.0 [SD: 17.1] years, 59.4% female). The cumulative AF detection rate in patients with stroke or TIA was 5.5%, 8.9%, and 14.0% at 12, 24, and 36 months, respectively. The median episode duration was 73 (interquartile range: 10–456) min, ranging from 2 min to 40.9 days, with 52.3%, 28.6%, and 4.4% of episodes lasting at least 1, 6, and 24 h, respectively. AF detection was increased by age (adjusted hazard ratio [for every 1‐year increase]: 1.024, 95% confidence interval: 1.008–1.040; p = .003), but was not influenced by sex (p = .089). For comparison, the cumulative detection rate at 12, 24, and 36 months were, respectively, 2.4%, 5.2%, and 7.4% in patients with syncope.ConclusionPatients with stroke or TIA have a higher rate of AF detection. However, this real‐world study shows significantly lower AF detection rates than what has been previously reported.
Carotid atherosclerosis: An independent risk factor for small fiber nerve dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Guo Simin , Jing Yali , Li Chenxi , Zhu Dalong , Wang Weimin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAims/IntroductionTo explore whether carotid atherosclerosis is an independent risk factor for small fiber nerve dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.Materials and MethodsA total of 247 type 2 diabetes patients from Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital received carotid ultrasonography and quantitative sensory testing, including cold and warm detection thresholds, and some patients received cold and heat pain detection thresholds, respectively. According to the results of quantitative sensory testing, patients were divided into normal small fiber nerve function (NSF) and small fiber nerve dysfunction (SFD) group. Meanwhile, patients were divided into the non‐carotid atherosclerosis group, carotid intimal thickening, unilateral carotid atherosclerosis and bilateral carotid atherosclerosis group. The correlation between carotid ultrasonography with quantitative sensory testing parameters was analyzed by SPSS 26.0.ResultsFirst, the incidence rate of SFD increased significantly in patients with carotid atherosclerosis (72.2%, P < 0.001) especially in bilateral carotid atherosclerosis (81.7%, P < 0.001). Second, compared with the NS group, the carotid intima‐media thickness in SFD was thicker (P = 0.018) and the size of atherosclerotic plaque was larger (P < 0.001). In addition, the cold detection threshold decreased (P < 0.001), whereas the warm detection threshold (P < 0.001) and heat pain detection threshold (P < 0.001) increased as aggravation of carotid atherosclerosis. In the correlation analysis, the size of atherosclerotic plaque presented a positive correlation with the warm detection threshold (r = 0.476, P < 0.001) and heat pain detection threshold (r = 0.213, P < 0.001), but presented a negative correlation with the cold detection threshold (r = −0.239, P < 0.01). Furthermore, carotid atherosclerosis (odds ratio 2.326, P = 0.017), especially bilateral carotid atherosclerosis (odds ratio 5.042, P = 0.001), was an independent risk factor for SFD (P < 0.05).ConclusionsCarotid atherosclerosis was significantly associated with quantitative sensory testing and found to be an independent risk factor for small fiber nerve dysfunction in type 2 diabetes patients.
Behavioral symptoms, depression symptoms, and medication use in Michigan nursing home residents with dementia during COVID‐19
Authors: Coe Antoinette B. , Montoya Ana , Chang Chiang‐Hua , Park Pil S. , Bynum Julie P. W. , Shireman Theresa I. , Zhang Tingting , McCreedy Ellen M. , Gerlach Lauren B. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic significantly disrupted nursing home (NH) care, including visitation restrictions, reduced staffing levels, and changes in routine care. These challenges may have led to increased behavioral symptoms, depression symptoms, and central nervous system (CNS)‐active medication use among long‐stay NH residents with dementia.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective, cross‐sectional study including Michigan long‐stay (≥100 days) NH residents aged ≥65 with dementia based on Minimum Data Set (MDS) assessments from January 1, 2018 to June 30, 2021. Residents with schizophrenia, Tourette syndrome, or Huntington's disease were excluded. Outcomes were the monthly prevalence of behavioral symptoms (i.e., Agitated Reactive Behavior Scale ≥ 1), depression symptoms (i.e., Patient Health Questionnaire [PHQ]—9 ≥ 10, reflecting at least moderate depression), and CNS‐active medication use (e.g., antipsychotics). Demographic, clinical, and facility characteristics were included. Using an interrupted time series design, we compared outcomes over two periods: Period 1: January 1, 2018–February 28, 2020 (pre‐COVID‐19) and Period 2: March 1, 2020–June 30, 2021 (during COVID‐19).ResultsWe included 37,427 Michigan long‐stay NH residents with dementia. The majority were female, 80 years or older, White, and resided in a for‐profit NH facility. The percent of NH residents with moderate depression symptoms increased during COVID‐19 compared to pre‐COVID‐19 (4.0% vs 2.9%, slope change [SC] = 0.03, p < 0.05). Antidepressant, antianxiety, antipsychotic and opioid use increased during COVID‐19 compared to pre‐COVID‐19 (SC = 0.41, p < 0.001, SC = 0.17, p < 0.001, SC = 0.07, p < 0.05, and SC = 0.24, p < 0.001, respectively). No significant changes in hypnotic use or behavioral symptoms were observed.ConclusionsMichigan long‐stay NH residents with dementia had a higher prevalence of depression symptoms and CNS active‐medication use during the COVID‐19 pandemic than before. During periods of increased isolation, facility‐level policies to regularly assess depression symptoms and appropriate CNS‐active medication use are warranted.