bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wear-Induced Attenuation on Transmission Lines and Their Causes
Authors: Lenz Philipp , Baron Philipp , Wittmann Armin , Fischer Georg 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this paper, the radio frequency (RF) behavior of mechanically stressed coaxial and for the first time also twisted-pair transmission lines is investigated over their service life. The main goal is to enable predictive maintenance for cables in moving applications and avoid preventive replacement. This also reduces the use of high-cost resources. For this purpose, stranded and solid-core variants of coaxial and twisted-pair type cables are mechanically loaded on the two-pulley apparatus according to EN 50396. Their RF transmission (S21) behavior is measured using a vector network analyzer and presented over bending cycles. For the first time, the phase response of mechanically loaded transmission lines is evaluated with respect to their service life. Two significant causes for the increasing attenuation and altered phase response are identified: breakage in foil screen and increasing surface roughness on the copper conductors. The identified causes are supported with literature evidence. Through measurements and theoretical calculations, it is proven that the phase is much more suitable for an assessment of the remaining service life than the amplitude. The findings can be used to implement a cable monitoring system in industrial environments which monitors the lines in-situ and reminds the user to replace them, whenever a certain wear-level is reached.
Deep learning prediction of amplitude death
Authors: Ji Pengcheng , Yu Tingyi , Zhang Yaxuan , Gong Wei , Yu Qingyun , Li Li 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAffected by parameter drift and coupling organization, nonlinear dynamical systems exhibit suppressed oscillations. This phenomenon is called amplitude death. In various complex systems, amplitude death is a typical critical phenomenon, which may lead to the functional collapse of the system. Therefore, an important issue is how to effectively predict critical phenomena based on the data in the system oscillation state. This paper proposes an enhanced Informer model to predict amplitude death. The model employs an attention mechanism to capture the long-range associations of the system time series and tracks the effect of parameter drift on the system dynamics through an accompanying parameter input channel. The experimental results based on the coupled Rössler and Lorentz systems show that the enhanced informer has higher prediction accuracy and longer effective prediction distance than the original algorithm and can predict the amplitude death of a system.
Sediment erodibility in the Changjiang (Yangtze) subaqueous delta: spatial–temporal distribution and sedimentary significance
Authors: Xu Chaoran , Wei Dongyun , Chen Yining , Yang Yang , Zhang Fan , Wang Ya Ping , Jia Jianjun 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDelta evolution in the context of no sediment discharge has become a global concern, and an accretion-to-erosion conversion is occurring in the Yangtze estuary. This conversion could threaten Changjiang subaqueous delta development. Sediment erodibility is an important indicator of subaqueous delta vulnerability. However, the present and future erodibility of the Changjiang subaqueous delta remains unclear. In this study, 37 short cores were collected from the Changjiang subaqueous delta, and the critical shear stress of the sediment was measured using a cohesive strength meter (CSM) and compared with estimates based on an empirical Shields diagram. The sediment erodibility was analyzed by comparing the sediment critical shear stress with the bed shear stress simulated using a numerical model (i.e., FVCOM), and sediment activity was introduced to discuss the geomorphological change in the subaqueous delta. The CSM-derived critical shear stress is significantly higher than that derived from the empirical Shields formula, but it better shows the erodibility of the sediment. The annual surface sediment activity ranges from 5% to 30% based on the CSM, indicating low surface erodibility. Moreover, the critical shear stress in this region increases as water depth increases, but the bed shear stress shows the opposite trend. Therefore, the erodibility of the Changjiang subaqueous delta is lower than that of the shallow area, indicating no accretion-erosion conversion or continued vertical erosion under sediment starvation in the coming decades. These findings can provide suggestions for erosion assessment and management in large river deltas under decreasing sediment discharge.
Characteristics of COVID-19 (Delta Variant)/HIV Co-infection: A Cross-sectional Study in Henan Province, China
Authors: Yang Rui , Cheng Jiuling , Song Xiangjin , Pan Yuanwei , Wang Huaqi , Li Jing , He Xudong , Gou Jianjun , Zhang Guojun 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Since the end of July 2021, SARS-CoV-2 (Delta variant) invaded Henan Province, China, causing a rapid COVID-19 spread in the province. Among them, the clinical features of COVID-19 (Delta Variant)/HIV co-infection have attracted our attention.

Methods
We included 12 COVID-19 patients living with HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) from July 30, 2021 to September 17, 2021 in Henan Province, China. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and computed tomography (CT) imaging data were dynamically collected from first nucleic acid positive to hospital discharge. Laboratory findings included SARS-CoV-2 viral load, HIV viral load, IgM, IgG, cytokines, lymphocyte subpopulation, ferritin, etc. Statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS version 26·0 and GraphPad Prism version 9·0.

Results
It was founded that the low Ct value persisted for about 21 days, and the viral shedding time (turn negative time) of the patients was 32·36 ± 2·643 days. Furthermore, chest CT imaging revealed that lesions were obviously and rapidly absorbed. It was surprising that IgM levels were statistically higher in patients taking azvudine or convalescent plasma than in patients not taking these drugs (P < 0·001, P = 0·0002, respectively). IgG levels were significantly higher in patients treated with the combined medication of BRII/196 and BRII/198 than in those not treated with these drugs (P = 0·0029). IgM was significantly higher in those with low HIV viral load than those with high HIV viral load (P < 0·001). In addition, as treatment progressed and patients' condition improved, IL-17a showed a decreasing trend.

Conclusions
Based on this study, we found that HIV infection might not exacerbate COVID-19 severity.
Measuring the risk of corruption in Latin American political parties. De jure analysis of institutions
Authors: Rodríguez-García Giovanna 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Research that examines the impact of economic, social, and political factors on political corruption uses expert’ and citizen’ perceptions for measuring corruption and testing arguments. Scholars argue that the perception of corruption is a good proxy for actual corruption because data on actual corruption are limited and not entirely trustworthy. However, perception indexes do not allow for testing separate mechanisms driving citizen’ perceptions of corruption from actual levels of corruption in different government branches. To address this issue, I introduce a new index based on Latin American countries to measure the risk of corruption in political parties. Using a de jure analysis of laws and regulations, the Risk of Corruption (ROC) index evaluates the likelihood of political parties engaging in corrupt activities. Instead of measuring corrupt activities or perception directly, the ROC measures the risks of involving in corruption. The index has important implications for academics and practitioners in anti-corruption issues. First, it allows us to test arguments about the role of political parties and legislatures in reducing political corruption. Second, it helps to understand how political parties could improve their internal organization to decrease the risk of corrupt activities. Finally, it is a valuable instrument for cross-national studies in diverse fields that study political parties.
Distinction and Survival: Zoroastrians, Religious Nationalism, and Cultural Ownership in Shiʿi Iran
Authors: Fozi Navid 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis article argues that the notion of Iranian culture employed in the public discourse of Zoroastrians allows them to tackle the dilemma of Shiʿi-dominated Iranianness without provoking Shiʿi authorities. The piece offers an analysis of ethnographic data, including detailed speech acts documented in Zoroastrians’ ritual spaces and cultural exhibitions. It explores the Zoroastrian configuration of an Iranian culture that summons and encodes pre-Islamic tropes and modern nationalist sentiments by constantly maneuvering around national, religious, and ethnic categories. This configuration's underpinning assumptions, narratives, and texts have powerful platforms in Iranian nationalist imagination. I propose that this arrangement attempts to carve out a space for Zoroastrians’ distinct identity by connecting the history of the Muslim Arab invasion of Persia to the Shiʿi hegemonic norms of Iranian culture today. It further invokes Zoroaster's indigeneity and teachings as the foundation of authentic Iranianness to establish Zoroastrians’ survival as a cultural system.
Curves on the torus intersecting at most k times
Authors: AOUGAB TARIK , GASTER JONAH 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe show that any set of distinct homotopy classes of simple closed curves on the torus that pairwise intersect at most k times has size
$k+O(\sqrt k \log k)$
. Prior to this work, a lemma of Agol, together with the state of the art bounds for the size of prime gaps, implied the error term
$O(k^{21/40})$
, and in fact the assumption of the Riemann hypothesis improved this error term to the one we obtain
$O(\sqrt k\log k)$
. By contrast, our methods are elementary, combinatorial, and geometric.
PERMUTATION-BASED PRESENTATIONS FOR BRIN’S HIGHER-DIMENSIONAL THOMPSON GROUPS
Authors: QUICK MARTYN 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe higher-dimensional Thompson groups
$nV$
, for
$n \geqslant 2$
, were introduced by Brin [‘Presentations of higher dimensional Thompson groups’, J. Algebra284 (2005), 520–558]. We provide new presentations for each of these infinite simple groups. The first is an infinite presentation, analogous to the Coxeter presentation for the finite symmetric group, with generating set equal to the set of transpositions in
$nV$
and reflecting the self-similar structure of n-dimensional Cantor space. We then exploit this infinite presentation to produce further finite presentations that are considerably smaller than those previously known.
Psychosocial palliative care: Patients’ preferred intervention medium, target domains, and well-being priorities
Authors: Pakenham Kenneth , Martin Christopher Lloyd 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectivesAlthough psychological distress in palliative patients has at least an equal or greater impact on the quality of life compared to physical or spiritual distress, there is limited research on contextual factors associated with psychosocial intervention accessibility and relevance. This is the first published study to explore patients’ views on psychosocial intervention delivery medium preferences, key biopsychosocial target domains, and well-being priorities during the palliative and end-of-life (EOL) phases.MethodsEighty-one palliative patients from a Specialist Palliative Care Service completed a questionnaire, which collected quantitative and qualitative data on preferred mediums for receiving psychosocial interventions, priority biopsychosocial target domains, and well-being priorities during the palliative and EOL phases.ResultsResults showed that an individual in-person was the most preferred medium for receiving psychosocial interventions. Improving quality of life, distressing emotions, and adjusting to the palliative care context were the 3 most frequently endorsed biopsychosocial target domains. Valued living and comfortable living were the key priority well-being themes for the palliative phase, whereas being surrounded by loved ones and comfortable and dignified dying were the priority well-being themes for the EOL phase.Significance of resultsFindings highlight psychosocial interventions as an essential part of a holistic approach to patient-centered care throughout both the palliative and the EOL phases. Results can inform the refinement of existing and the development of new psychosocial interventions, particularly those that target emotional distress, adjustment, and quality of life. Furthermore, in-person treatment delivery remains essential in an evolving digital world.
Hydrodynamic Modeling of Inundation Patterns of a Large African Floodplain Indicates Sensitivity to Waterway Restoration
Authors: Willis T. D. M. , Smith M. W. , Cross D. E. , Hardy A. J. , Ettrich G. E. , Malawo H. , Chalo C. , Sinkombo M. , Thomas C. J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLarge‐scale floodplains are important features of the African continent. Regular inundation provides the means to support large populations but can also present problems such as access to health facilities and water body formation that sustain malaria vectors. Modeling of these floodplains is therefore important, but complex. In this research, we develop, calibrate, and validate a hydrodynamic model of the Barotse Floodplain, of the Upper Zambezi, Zambia. The floodplain has seen recent infrastructure developments including the restoration of the canal network and construction of a cross floodplain causeway. In order to create a robust model, a multiobjective calibration uses a time slice approach based on available Landsat satellite image overpasses. An emulator‐based sensitivity analysis indicates the significance of hydrological processes in the model. Model evaluation is undertaken for two events in the gauge record (2009 and 2018), of similar magnitude that occur before and after modifications to the floodplain. Results indicate a complex impact of infrastructure development on the hydrodynamics of the floodplain, with a higher peak flow, but with a redistribution of water throughout the floodplain. Deeper flooding is observed in some areas while others experience lower water levels. The sensitivity results also reflect a change in processes, where floodplain flows dominate the 2009 event, whilst channel process dominate the 2018 event. Overall, we show that relatively modest modifications to the floodplain have impacted flood water levels, which in turn will influence access route availability and alter malaria transmission rates.
Development and Emplacement of Ana Slide, Eivissa Channel, Western Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Sager Thore F. , Urlaub Morelia , Kaminski Pauline , Papenberg Cord , Lastras Galderic , Canals Miquel , Berndt Christian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSubmarine landslides can destroy seafloor infrastructures and generate devastating tsunamis. In spite of decades of research into the functioning of submarine landslides there are still numerous open questions, in particular how different phases of sliding influence each other. Here, we re‐analyze Ana Slide—a relatively small (<1 km3) landslide offshore the Balearic Islands, which is unique in the published literature because it is completely imaged by high‐resolution 3D reflection seismic data. Ana Slide comprises three domains: (a) a source area that is almost completely evacuated with evidence of headscarp retrogression, (b) an adjacent downslope translational domain representing a by‐pass zone for the material that was mobilized in the source area, and (c) the deposit formed by the mobilized material, which accumulated downslope in a sink area and deformed slope sediment. Isochron maps show deep chaotic seismic units underneath the thickest deposits. We infer that the rapid deposition of the landslide material deformed the underlying sediments. A thin stratified sediment unit between three lobes suggests that Ana Slide evolved in two failure stages separated by several tens of thousands of years. This illustrates the problem of over‐estimating the volume of mobilized material and under‐estimating the complexity even of relatively simple slope failures without high‐quality 3D reflection seismic data.
The Fate of Sedimentary Reactive Iron at the Land‐Ocean Interface: A Case Study From the Amazon Shelf
Authors: Vosteen Paul , Spiegel Timo , Gledhill Martha , Frank Martin , Zabel Matthias , Scholz Florian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractReactive iron (Fe) oxides in marine sediments may represent a source of bioavailable Fe to the ocean via reductive dissolution and sedimentary Fe release or can promote organic carbon preservation and long‐term burial. Furthermore, enrichments of reactive Fe (sum of Fe oxides, carbonates and sulfides normalized to total Fe) in ancient sediments are utilized as a paleo‐proxy for anoxic conditions. Considering the general importance of reactive Fe oxides in marine biogeochemistry, it is important to quantify their terrestrial sources and fate at the land‐ocean interface. We applied sequential Fe extractions to sediments from the Amazon shelf to investigate the transformation of river‐derived Fe oxides during early diagenesis. We found that ∼22% of the Amazon River‐derived Fe oxides are converted to Fe‐containing clay minerals in Amazon shelf sediments. The incorporation of reactive Fe into authigenic clay minerals (commonly referred to as reverse weathering) is substantiated by the relationship between Fe oxide loss and potassium (K) uptake from sedimentary pore waters, which is in agreement with the previously reported Fe/K stoichiometry of authigenic clay minerals. Mass balance calculations suggest that widely applied sequential extractions do not separate Fe‐rich authigenic clay minerals from reactive Fe oxides and carbonates. We conclude that the balance between terrestrial supply of reactive Fe and reverse weathering in continental margin sediments has to be taken into account in the interpretation of sedimentary Fe speciation data.
Why Is Seasonal Density Stratification in Shelf Seas Expected to Increase Under Future Climate Change?
Authors: Holt Jason , Harle James , Wakelin Sarah , Jardine Jenny , Hopkins Joanne 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCoastal and shelf seas provide a diverse range of ecosystem services, which are often mediated by seasonal density stratification through its control on biogeochemical cycles. These seas are highly vulnerable to climate change and downscaling studies consistently project an increase in seasonal stratification over the next century, but without a clear explanation. Here we revisit a well‐established theory of coastal ocean mixing and demonstrate with a new ensemble of downscaled simulations for the Northwest European continental shelf seas to 2100 that the increase of expansivity with temperature is sufficient to consistently increase the seasonal stratification. Where there is a closed balance between buoyancy input and mixing, small changes in expansivity are amplified to a large relative change in stratification. This simple link between global heating and stratification substantially reduces uncertainty in projections of this key parameter in seas around the world.
1,100‐Year Reconstruction of Baseflow for the Santee River, South Carolina, USA Reveals Connection to the North Atlantic Subtropical High
Authors: Maxwell Justin T. , Harley Grant L. , Tucker Clay S. , Galuska Toudora , Ficklin Darren L. , Bregy Joshua C. , Heeter Karen J. , Au Tsun Fung , Lockwood Benjamin R. , King Daniel J. , Maxwell R. Stockton , Smith Laura G. , Elliott Emily A. , Therrell Matthew D. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSince 2013, extreme floods within the Santee River basin (North/South Carolina, USA) caused $1.5B in damage. The instrumental period, however, is too short to determine if recent extreme events are anomalous within a long‐term context. Here, we present reconstructions of storm‐, base‐, and total streamflow for the Santee River using a multi‐species tree‐ring network calibrated to flow data during the period 1923–2018. Tree‐ring data explained higher variance (r = 0.59; p < 0.01; 900–2018) of instrumental baseflow than total streamflow (r = 0.41; p < 0.01; 1500–2018) or stormflow (r = 0.26; p < 0.05; 1690–2018). Our reconstruction reveals a long‐term increase in baseflow over the past millennium. The North Atlantic subtropical high regulates baseflow in the Santee River (r = 0.45; p < 0.01). Recent high levels of baseflow may be connected to the position of the subtropical high, increasing the likelihood of flooding.
Marine Ooid Sizes Record Phanerozoic Seawater Carbonate Chemistry
Authors: Trower Elizabeth J. , Smith Benjamin P. , Koeshidayatullah Ardiansyah I. , Payne Jonathan L. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSeawater carbonate chemistry links Earth's climate and carbon cycle through the production and preservation of carbonate sediments. Models and carbonate facies abundance records have generated hypotheses about trajectories of seawater carbonate chemistry, including responses to key events in the evolutionary history of carbonate biomineralizers. However, tests of these hypotheses have remained elusive. We applied a novel proxy for the carbonate mineral saturation state (Ω) of seawater based on the diameters of ooids—concentrically‐coated carbonate sand grains—to estimate Ω, dissolved inorganic carbon, alkalinity, and pH of seawater spanning Phanerozoic time. Reconstructed Ω values decreased sharply around ∼120 Ma, which we interpret as the fingerprint of the Mid‐Mesozoic Revolution of planktic calcifiers. Shifts in Ω across Ordovician time also suggest a possible causal relationship with the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event. Our results demonstrate that ooid sizes are a useful tool for reconstructing Earth's ancient carbon cycle.
Upward Bipolar Lightning Flashes Originated From the Connection of Recoil Leaders With Intracloud Lightning
Authors: Cruz Ivan T. , Saba Marcelo M. F. , Schumann Carina , Warner Tom A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe present work shows high‐speed videos of two upward flashes that started with positive upward leaders and, instead of being followed by negative subsequent return strokes, they were followed by positive subsequent return strokes. In both cases, after the positive leaders developed, recoil leaders (RL) appeared in their decayed branches as would be usual in negative upward lightning flashes. However, in these flashes the negative end of a recoil leader connected to a positive leader of an intracloud (IC) flash nearby. The connection initiated a downward positive leader that re‐ionized the decayed channel of the upward flash all the way to the tower giving origin to a positive subsequent return stroke. This work shows that RL do play an important role in the occurrence of bipolar upward flashes and their interaction with IC flashes can provide explanations for all types of bipolar upward flashes initiated by upward positive leaders.