bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bark based porous materials obtained with a simple mechanical foaming procedure
Authors: Busquets Ferrer Maria , Solt-Rindler Axel , Vay Oliver , Hansmann Christian , Gindl-Altmutter Wolfgang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTree bark is a by-product of the wood industry and has currently only little use as raw material. In this study, spruce bark disintegrated into three different types of particles was used to obtain porous structures with a wide range of properties. The manufacturing process includes a simple mechanical foaming method, using bark particles, a common wood adhesive, a surfactant and water. Physical and mechanical characterization of the materials was carried out in terms of density, thermal conductivity, water uptake, compression resistance and microscopy observation. All materials produced presented a heterogeneous open porous structure. Thermal conductivity values range between 0.075 and 0.125 W m-1 K-1, while the density values range between 100 and 650 kg/m3. Water uptake percentage varies between groups but is stabilized after 24 h of immersion, and in some cases, the water uptake reaches up to 450%. Regarding the mechanical properties, they vary greatly showing a tendency of decreasing when adding higher amounts of surfactant.
Cardiac Changes and Their Reversal Following Curative Surgery in Pheochromocytoma: PheoCard Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Vishvak Chanthar K. M. M. , Khanna Roopali , Agarwal Gaurav , Rout Smarak Ranjan , Kapoor Aditya , Sabaretnam M. , Chand Gyan , Mishra Anjali , Agarwal Amit , Mishra Saroj K. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundPheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL) are catecholamine producing tumors of chromaffin cell origin, known to cause varied cardiovascular manifestations from hypertension to myocardial infarction. This study sought to objectively evaluate the cardiac changes in PPGL patients and their reversal following curative surgery.MethodsThe PheoCard study was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05082311) and involved 35 consecutive PPGL patients managed as per standard protocol involving alpha blockade followed by curative surgery. They underwent detailed cardiac evaluation using 2D‐echocardiography and speckle tracking echocardiography at the time of diagnosis, 7–10 days after alpha blockade, and at 7 days, 3 months, and 6 months after surgical removal. Age‐ and gender‐matched essential hypertensives and healthy individuals (10 in each group) served as two control groups.ResultsPatients with PPGLs had significantly higher mean blood pressure, left ventricle end‐diastolic dimension and volume (LVEDD, LVEDV), left ventricle end‐systolic volume (LVESV), septal wall thickness, LV hypertrophy, lower mean LV ejection fraction (LVEF), early diastolic mitral annular velocity (E/A), decreased amplitude of LV longitudinal strain, and increased circumferential strain (p < 0.001) when compared with the control groups at baseline. After alpha blockade, there was marked reduction in the mean LVEDD, LVEDV, LVESV, and normalization of E/A ratio (p < 0.001) in the PPGL patients. Following curative surgery (normalization of fractionated urinary metanephrines at 7–10 days post‐operatively), there was early improvement in all echocardiographic parameters and it continued to improve even at 6 months after surgery. There was marked improvement in the global longitudinal strain as seen on serial speckle tracking echocardiography with recovery of most of the segments of LV depicting the reversal of subclinical endocardial dysfunction (p < 0.001).ConclusionPPGL patients despite normal systolic function have subclinical LV diastolic dysfunction which is reversed after curative surgery.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT05082311.
Capacity Building During Short‐Term Surgical Outreach Trips: A Review of What Guidelines Exist
Authors: Leversedge Chelsea , McCullough Meghan , Appiani Luis Miguel Castro , Đình Mùng Phan , Kamal Robin N. , Shapiro Lauren M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionWhile short‐term surgical outreach trips improve access to care in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMIC), there is rising concern about their long‐term impact. In response, many organizations seek to incorporate capacity building programs into their outreach efforts to help strengthen local health systems. Although leading organizations, like the World Health Organization (WHO), advocate for this approach, uniform guidelines are absent.MethodsWe performed a systematic review, using search terms pertaining to capacity building guidelines during short‐term surgical outreach trips. We extracted information on authorship, guideline development methodology, and guidelines relating to capacity building. Guidelines were classified according to the Global‐QUEST framework, which outlines seven domains of capacity building on surgical outreach trips. Guideline development methodology frequencies and domain classifications frequencies were calculated; subsequently, guidelines were aggregated to develop a core guideline for each domain.ResultsA total of 35 studies were included. Over 200 individual guidelines were extracted, spanning all seven framework domains. Guidelines were most frequently classified into Coordination and Community Impact domains and least frequently into the Finance domain. Less than half (46%) of studies collaborated with local communities to design the guidelines. Instead, guidelines were predominantly developed through author trip experience.ConclusionAs short‐term surgical trips increase, further work is needed to standardize guidelines, create actionable steps, and promote collaborations in order to promote accountability during short‐term surgical outreach trips.
A group theoretic approach to model comparison with simplicial representations
Authors: Vittadello Sean T. , Stumpf Michael P. H. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe complexity of biological systems, and the increasingly large amount of associated experimental data, necessitates that we develop mathematical models to further our understanding of these systems. Because biological systems are generally not well understood, most mathematical models of these systems are based on experimental data, resulting in a seemingly heterogeneous collection of models that ostensibly represent the same system. To understand the system we therefore need to understand how the different models are related to each other, with a view to obtaining a unified mathematical description. This goal is complicated by the fact that a number of distinct mathematical formalisms may be employed to represent the same system, making direct comparison of the models very difficult. A methodology for comparing mathematical models based on their underlying conceptual structure is therefore required. In previous work we developed an appropriate framework for model comparison where we represent models, specifically the conceptual structure of the models, as labelled simplicial complexes and compare them with the two general methodologies of comparison by distance and comparison by equivalence. In this article we continue the development of our model comparison methodology in two directions. First, we present a rigorous and automatable methodology for the core process of comparison by equivalence, namely determining the vertices in a simplicial representation, corresponding to model components, that are conceptually related and the identification of these vertices via simplicial operations. Our methodology is based on considerations of vertex symmetry in the simplicial representation, for which we develop the required mathematical theory of group actions on simplicial complexes. This methodology greatly simplifies and expedites the process of determining model equivalence. Second, we provide an alternative mathematical framework for our model-comparison methodology by representing models as groups, which allows for the direct application of group-theoretic techniques within our model-comparison methodology.
Existence of minimizers and convergence of critical points for a new Landau-de Gennes energy functional in nematic liquid crystals
Authors: Feng Zhewen , Hong Min-Chun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe Landau-de Gennes energy in nematic liquid crystals depends on four elastic constants$$L_1$$L1,$$L_2$$L2,$$L_3$$L3,$$L_4$$L4. In the case of$$L_4\ne 0$$L4≠0, Ball and Majumdar (Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., 2010) found an example that the original Landau-de Gennes energy functional in physics does not satisfy a coercivity condition, which causes a problem in mathematics to establish existence of energy minimizers. At first, we introduce a new Landau-de Gennes energy density with$$L_4\ne 0$$L4≠0, which is equivalent to the original Landau-de Gennes density for uniaxial tensors and satisfies the coercivity condition for allQ-tensors. Secondly, we prove that solutions of the Landau-de Gennes system can approach a solution of theQ-tensor Oseen-Frank system without using energy minimizers. Thirdly, we develop a new approach to generalize the Nguyen and Zarnescu (Calc. Var. PDEs, 2013) convergence result to the case of non-zero elastic constants$$L_2$$L2,$$L_3$$L3,$$L_4$$L4.
The Study of Options for Identification Stress Contrasts via Pumping History
Authors: Linkov Aleksandr , Rybarska-Rusinek Liliana , Rejwer-Kosińska Ewa 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA recorded pressure history is commonly the only quantitative information available as the result of a hydraulic treatment. It would be of value to use the history for decreasing uncertainty of in situ conditions, first of all, of in situ stresses. Yet the inversion of a pressure history in terms of in situ stresses is an ill-posed problem. This makes unclear the options for identification of the stresses. Of essence is to study when, to which extent and how the identification may be performed. The paper aims to meet this request. We start from formulation the inverse problem with employing truly and pseudo-three-dimensional models for generation experimental and theoretical histories. To simplify identification, we (1) reduce the number of input parameters present in these models by using specially normalized variables, and (2) distinguish three dimensionless key parameters $$R$$
R
, $${k}_{\mathrm{asym}}$$

k
asym

and $${b}_{\mathrm{P}}$$

b
P

. They define, respectively, the strength of a stress contrast, asymmetry of stress contrasts, and the prevailing type of fracture growth. The analysis, based on these parameters, gives ranges within which the identification is possible in principle. It also yields a sound initial guess to facilitate rapid identification of stress contrasts within the ranges distinguished. Numerical examples illustrate the options for identification of stress contrasts. They demonstrate agreement with the theoretical conclusions. Specifically, on the one hand, they confirm impossibility of identification beyond the ranges distinguished, and, on the other hand, within these ranges, they demonstrate rapid identification of stress contrasts by the method suggested.
Long-term response of open-habitats species to wildfire salvage logging: the endangered European wild rabbit as example
Authors: Puig-Gironès Roger , Ferret Alba , Rollan Àlex , Real Joan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSalvage logging treatments, a type of logging to economic returns after natural disturbance, are often applied in the aftermath of wildfires. Specialist or dependent species of open-habitat usually increase their populations in the short-term after wildfires and post-fire salvage logging. However, the long-term effects on threatened open-habitat species such as the European wild rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus L.) are still poorly known. Thus, plant productivity, habitat heterogeneity and rabbit abundance were studied in the north-east Iberian Peninsula in four type of post-fire treatment plots: (1) unburnt, (2) salvage logging with branches left on the ground, (3) salvage logging and manual removal of branches, and (4) recurrent fires. Both the time since the fire and the treatment affected plant productivity and habitat heterogeneity. Plant productivity was quicker in treatments when branches were left on the ground or when branches were removed than in recurrent fire plots. Rabbit relative abundance increased in the short term but dramatically declined over time after fires, especially in the plots where branches were left on the ground and with recurrent fires, in which rabbit abundances fell dramatically. In the long-term, the lack of food availability and adequate habitat structure are the main factors affecting the maintenance of the rabbit population. An appropriate moment for managing burnt areas to favour the persistence of rabbit is between the fifth and sixth year after the fire. These actions also benefit the reduction of environmental biomass and so help prevent future severe wildfires.
Recent advances in the application of deep learning for fault diagnosis of rotating machinery using vibration signals
Authors: Tama Bayu Adhi , Vania Malinda , Lee Seungchul , Lim Sunghoon 
Published: October 2022

AbstractVibration measurement and monitoring are essential in a wide variety of applications. Vibration measurements are critical for diagnosing industrial machinery malfunctions because they provide information about the condition of the rotating equipment. Vibration analysis is considered the most effective method for predictive maintenance because it is used to troubleshoot instantaneous faults as well as periodic maintenance. Numerous studies conducted in this vein have been published in a variety of outlets. This review documents data-driven and recently published deep learning techniques for vibration-based condition monitoring. Numerous studies were obtained from two reputable indexing databases, Web of Science and Scopus. Following a thorough review, 59 studies were selected for synthesis. The selected studies are then systematically discussed to provide researchers with an in-depth view of deep learning-based fault diagnosis methods based on vibration signals. Additionally, a few remarks regarding future research directions are made, including graph-based neural networks, physics-informed ML, and a transformer convolutional network-based fault diagnosis method.
Sevoflurane but not propofol enhances ovarian cancer cell biology through regulating cellular metabolic and signaling mechanisms
Authors: Hu Cong , Wang Bincheng , Liu Zhigang , Chen Qiling , Ishikawa Masashi , Lin Han , Lian Qingquan , Li Jun , Li Jia V. , Ma Daqing ,   The ESA-IC Onco-Anaesthesiology Research Group
Published: October 2022

AbstractPerioperative risk factors, including the choice of anesthetics, may influence ovarian cancer recurrence after surgery. Inhalational anesthetic sevoflurane and intravenous agent propofol might affect cancer cell metabolism and signaling, which, in turn, may influence the malignancy of ovarian cancer cells. The different effects between sevoflurane and propofol on ovarian cancer cell biology and underlying mechanisms were studied. Cultured ovarian cancer cells were exposed to 2.5% sevoflurane, 4 μg/mL propofol, or sham condition as the control for 2 h followed by 24-h recovery. Glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 1 (MPC1), glutamate dehydrogenase 1 (GLUD1), pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), p-Erk1/2, and hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) expressions were determined with immunostaining and/or Western blot. Cultured media were collected for 1H-NMR spectroscopy-based metabolomics analysis. Principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were used to analyze metabolomics data. Sevoflurane increased the GLUT1, MPC1, GLUD1, p-Erk1/2, and HIF-1α expressions but decreased the PEDF expression relative to the controls. In contrast to sevoflurane, propofol decreased GLUT1, MPC1, GLUD1, p-Erk1/2, and HIF-1α but increased PEDF expression. Sevoflurane increased metabolite isopropanol and decreased glucose and glutamine energy substrates in the media, but the opposite changes were found after propofol treatment. Our data indicated that, unlike the pro-tumor property of sevoflurane, propofol negatively modulated PEDF/Erk/HIF-1α cellular signaling pathway and inhibited ovarian cancer metabolic efficiency and survival, and hence decreased malignancy. The translational value of this work warrants further study.
Graphical abstract
• Sevoflurane promoted but propofol inhibited ovarian cancer cell biology.
• Sevoflurane upregulated but propofol downregulated the GLUT1, MPC1, and GLUD1 expressions of ovarian cancer cells.
• Sevoflurane enhanced but propofol inhibited ovarian cancer cellular glucose.
metabolism and glutaminolysis.
• Sevoflurane downregulated PEDF but upregulated the Erk pathway and HIF-1α, while propofol had the adverse effects on ovarian cancer cells.
Completely positive factorization by a Riemannian smoothing method
Authors: Lai Zhijian , Yoshise Akiko 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCopositive optimization is a special case of convex conic programming, and it consists of optimizing a linear function over the cone of all completely positive matrices under linear constraints. Copositive optimization provides powerful relaxations of NP-hard quadratic problems or combinatorial problems, but there are still many open problems regarding copositive or completely positive matrices. In this paper, we focus on one such problem; finding a completely positive (CP) factorization for a given completely positive matrix. We treat it as a nonsmooth Riemannian optimization problem, i.e., a minimization problem of a nonsmooth function over a Riemannian manifold. To solve this problem, we present a general smoothing framework for solving nonsmooth Riemannian optimization problems and show convergence to a stationary point of the original problem. An advantage is that we can implement it quickly with minimal effort by directly using the existing standard smooth Riemannian solvers, such as Manopt. Numerical experiments show the efficiency of our method especially for large-scale CP factorizations.
Seasonal migration and habitat use of adult barbel (Barbus barbus) and nase (Chondrostoma nasus) along a river stretch of the Austrian Danube River
Authors: Panchan Ruamruedee , Pinter Kurt , Schmutz Stefan , Unfer Günther 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Migration patterns and habitat use of adult barbel (Barbus barbus) and nase (Chondrostoma nasus) were monitored by radio telemetry over a period of 13 months along a 58-km-long section of the Austrian part of the Danube River. The study site is confined upstream and downstream by two hydropower plants, and contains a larger tributary, the Pielach River. Telemetry transmitters were implanted into fish caught in this tributary after spawning in June (25 individuals per species). The results show that both species use the entire available width and depth spectrum of the Danube along the full migratable river length. Nase had an average home range of 22.4 km, while that of barbel was 34.4 km. The habitat use of the two species differs significantly. While the nase was primarily encountered in the free-flowing section, barbel mainly used deep areas of the impoundment during the year. Nase showed a distinct site fidelity to certain areas in the free-flowing reach which were periodically revisited. During the spawning season, distinct homing behavior was observed in both species. All seven nase that could still be detected during the spawning season returned to the tributary (homing rate 100%). Six homing nase migrated up to the first migration barrier in the tributary but did not pass the existing fish passage facility. In contrast, only nine barbel returned to spawn in the tributary (homing rate 50%), while nine barbel were most likely using a spawning location in the head of impoundment section. Homing fish entered the tributary during darkness.
Anti-pandemic restrictions, uncertainty and sentiment in seven countries
Authors: Charemza Wojciech , Makarova Svetlana , Rybiński Krzysztof 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe investigate how the stringency of government anti-pandemic policy measures might affect economic policy uncertainty in countries with different degrees of press freedom, various press reporting styles and writing conventions. We apply a text-based measure of uncertainty using data from over 400,000 press articles from Belarus, Kazakhstan, Poland, Russia, Ukraine, the UK and the USA published before the wide-scale vaccination programmes were introduced. The measure accounts for pandemic-related words and negative sentiment scores weight the selected articles. We then tested the dynamic panel data model where the relative changes in these measures were explained by levels and changes in the stringency measures. We have found that introducing and then maintaining unchanged for a relatively long time a constant level of anti-pandemic stringency measures reduce uncertainty. In contrast, a change in such a level has the opposite effect. This result is robust across the countries, despite their differences in political systems, press control and freedom of speech.
The Inverse Magnetocaloric Effect of MgB2 Superconductor
Authors: Abdelalim Youssef H. , M.Mohamed Ashraf , Hamad Mahmoud A. , Alamri Hatem R. , Harb Mohamed E. , Elghnam Sameh M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe magnetocaloric effect-(MCE) of MgB2 is simulated, considering the effect of sintering temperature on MCE. The results show that MCE of MgB2 samples is an inverse type in a temperature range of diamagnetic-paramagnetic transition. Moreover, the MCE for MgB2 is improved with high sintering temperature. The comparison between MCE of MgB2 samples and other some reported magnetic materials has been done, showing that MCE parameters of MgB2 samples are larger than some MCE parameters of La1-xCdxMnO3, La1.25Sr0.75MnCoO6, Gd1−xCaxBaCo2O5.5, Ni58Fe26Ga28, Ni2+xMn1−xGe, Ge0.95Mn0.05 film, and (001)-oriented MnAs film. It suggested that MgB2 samples could be a promising sharing candidate for MR in cryogenic temperatures.
On the nonlinear hunting stability of a high-speed train bogie
Authors: Bustos Alejandro , Tomas-Rodriguez Maria , Rubio Higinio , Castejon Cristina 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe hunting phenomenon is an intrinsic swaying motion appearing in railway vehicles due to the vehicle’s forward speed and the wheel–rail contact forces. Hunting motion consists of wheelset and other vehicle’s components oscillations that arise above a certain vehicle’s speed known as critical or hunting speed. These oscillations are of unstable nature and represent a safety hazard as they could lead to the vehicle’s derailment. This article analyses the stability of a bogie nonlinear model for a Spanish high-speed train when this is travelling at speeds near the hunting speed. The vehicle’s stability is studied by means of root loci methods, and the value of the critical speed is found. In addition to this, the behaviour of the vehicle is studied in both stable and unstable regions and the existence of limit cycles is discussed in this work. Finally, a sensitivity analysis of the axle load and suspension parameters is performed. The results show that the axle load, the vertical stiffness of the primary suspension and the lateral damping of the secondary suspension have a significant influence on the value of the critical speed.