bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Update Biometrie und Linsenberechnung – ein Review zu Grundlagen und neuen Entwicklungen
Authors: Wendelstein Jascha , Kohnen Thomas , Casazza Marina , Heath Michael , Riaz Kamran M. , Cooke David L. , Hoffmann Peter , Langenbucher Achim 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungDie gewissenhafte Kunstlinsenberechnung stellt heutzutage einen wichtigen Schritt im Patientenmanagement dar. Neben den klassischen theoretisch-optischen Formeln gibt es eine Vielzahl neuer
Ansätze, die zumeist als Internetberechnungsmodul zur Verfügung stehen. Dieses Review hat zum Ziel, die Hintergründe der Kunstlinsenberechnung zu erklären und ein Update über
Studienergebnisse mit den neuesten Berechnungsansätzen zu geben. Die optische Biometrie liefert heutzutage die Berechnungsgrundlage für den Einsatz von theoretisch-optischen Formeln,
Raytracing aber auch empirischen Ansätzen mit künstlicher Intelligenz. Herstellerangaben zum IOL-Design und der im Rahmen der Qualitätskontrolle erfassten IOL-Stärke könnten speziell bei
hohen IOL-Stärken die Berechnung verbessern. Weiteres Verbesserungspotenzial ist bei der Angabe der Achslänge bis zum retinalen Pigmentepithel und Sum-of-Segments-Ansatz mit den heutigen
Messdaten möglich. Die Hornhaut kann mit den zur Verfügung stehenden Daten als dicke Linse gerechnet werden. Die Kane-Formel, EVO-2.0-Formel, Castrop-Formel, PEARL-DGS-Formel und die
Berechnung mittels OKULIX-Software liefern reproduzierbar gute Ergebnisse bei der Kunstlinsenberechnung. Hiermit können zumindest bei hochselektierten Studienkollektiven exzellente
Refraktionsergebnisse mit etwa 80% innerhalb eines absoluten Vorhersagefehlers von 0,50 dpt erzielt werden. Auch die Barrett-Universal-II-Formel erzielt formidable Ergebnisse im normalen und
langen Achslängenbereich. Bei Augen mit kurzen Achslängen sollte der Einsatz der Barrett Universal II überdacht werden und eine der zuvor genannten Methoden präferiert werden. Ein Second Eye
Refinement kann in diesem Patientengut auch in Verbindung mit den etablierten klassischen Formeln der 3. Generation erwogen werden.
Biometry and Intraocular Lens Power Calculation in Eyes with Prior Laser Vision Correction (LVC) – A Review
Authors: Wendelstein Jascha , Heath Michael , Riaz Kamran M. , Seiler Theo , Cooke David L. , Langenbucher Achim , Hoffmann Peter , Kohnen Thomas 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background An intraocular lens (IOL) calculation in eyes that have undergone laser vision correction (LVC) poses a significant clinical issue in regards to both patient expectation
and accuracy. This review aims to describe the pitfalls of IOL power calculation after LVC and give an overview of the current methods of IOL power calculation after LVC.
Review Problems after LVC derive from the measurement of anterior corneal radii, central corneal thickness, asphericity, and the predicted effective lens position. A central issue is
that most conventional 3rd generation formulas estimate lens position amongst other parameters on keratometry, which is altered in post-LVC eyes.
Conclusion An IOL power calculation results in eyes with prior LVC that are notably impaired in eyes without prior surgery. Effective corneal power including anterior corneal
curvature, posterior corneal curvature, CCT (central corneal thickness), and asphericity is essential. Total keratometry in combination with the Barrett True-K, EVO (emmetropia verifiying
optical formula), or Haigis formula is relatively uncomplicated and seems to provide good results, as does the Barrett True-K formula with anterior K values. The ASCRS ( American Society of
Cataract and Refractive Surgery) calculator combines results of various formulae and averages results, which allows a direct comparison between the different methods. Tomography-based
raytracing and the Kane and the Castrop formulae need to be evaluated by future studies.
Vom Aussterben bedroht? – Eine Demografie der Nuklearmedizin in Deutschland 1996–2021 anhand der Zahlen der Bundesärztekammer
Authors: Freudenberg Lutz S , Freudenberg Ben J , Klett Rigobert , Herrmann Ken 
Published: August 2022

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Die demografische Entwicklung in Deutschland führt zu einem ärztlichen Nachwuchsmangel. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, aus den von der Bundesärztekammer (BÄK) veröffentlichten Ärztestatistiken der letzten 25 Jahre die Entwicklung und den aktuellen demografischen Status der Nuklearmedizin in Deutschland darzustellen und deren Konsequenzen aufzuzeigen.
Materialien und Methoden Die seit 1996 von der BÄK jährlich veröffentlichten Zahlen der ärztlichen Versorgung in Deutschland wurden systematisch im Hinblick auf die Altersentwicklung und die Geschlechterverteilung in den Fächern Nuklearmedizin, Radiologie und Strahlentherapie zusammengefasst und mit einer deskriptiven Statistik ausgewertet.
Ergebnisse Die Anzahl der berufstätigen Fachärzt*innen hat sich von 1996–2021 in der Nuklearmedizin um 114% erhöht mit einer deutlichen Verschiebung der Altersstruktur in die älteren Altersgruppen: 2021 lag der Anteil der Ärzt*innen unter 40 Jahren bei 13,0% in der Nuklearmedizin und bei 21,0% in der Radiologie und derjenige Anteil über 60 Jahren bei 27,1% in der Nuklearmedizin und bei 22,3% in der Radiologie. Der Anteil an Frauen lag im Jahr 2021 in der Medizin insgesamt bei 48,5%, in der Nuklearmedizin, Radiologie und Strahlentherapie bei 34,4%, 37,1% bzw. 48,0%.
Schlussfolgerungen Die Fachärzt*innen in der Nuklearmedizin sind 2021 deutlich älter als diejenigen in der Strahlentherapie und Radiologie, und der Anteil von Frauen ist unterdurchschnittlich. Wenn die Nuklearmedizin als eigenständiges Fach ihrer klinischen Verantwortung gerecht werden will und eigenständig bestehen bleiben möchte, müssen die Bemühungen vor allem um den weiblichen medizinischen Nachwuchs in der nuklearmedizinischen Gemeinschaft eine maximale Priorität bekommen.
Early Gestational Diabetes Screening Based on ACOG Guidelines
Authors: Champion Macie L. , Jauk Victoria C. , Biggio Joseph R. , Sychowski Jeff M. , Tita Alan T. , Harper Lorie M. 
Published: August 2022

Objective A recent randomized controlled trial suggested that early gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) screening in patients with obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥30 kg/m2) does not improve perinatal outcomes. The American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology currently recommends early screening for gestational diabetes in patients who are overweight with one or more additional risk factors. We evaluated the effect of screening based on the number of additional risk factors for development of gestational diabetes.
Study Design This was a secondary analysis of a multicenter randomized controlled trial of obese patients with singleton nonanomalous fetuses comparing early (14–20 weeks' gestation) with routine (24–28 weeks' gestation) GDM screening. Exclusion criteria were pregestational diabetes, major medical illnesses, bariatric surgery, chronic steroid use, and prior cesarean. Early versus routine GDM screening groups were compared and stratified by the number of additional risk factors for GDM (0, 1, 2, and ≥3). The primary outcome was an adverse perinatal composite outcome composed of: macrosomia, primary cesarean delivery, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, shoulder dystocia, neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, and neonatal hypoglycemia. Analyses examined effects of early versus routine screening by the number of additional risk factors and their possible interaction on the incidences of the primary outcome and GDM.
Results Of 913 patients, 5% had 0, 52% had 1, 33% had 2, and 10% had ≥3 additional risk factors. Baseline characteristics, including the number and type of risk factors, were similar between early and routine screening groups. Breslow–Day test for interaction between early versus routine screening and the number of additional risk factors was not significant for either the primary outcome (p = 0.37) or the diagnosis of GDM (p = 0.28). The incidence of GDM and the adverse perinatal composite outcome increased as the number of risk factors increased (p < 0.001).
Conclusion In patients with BMI ≥30 kg/m2 and additional risk factors, early GDM screening does not prevent adverse outcomes.
Key Points
Effect of Lockdown Period of COVID-19 Pandemic on Maternal Weight Gain, Gestational Diabetes, and Newborn Birth Weight
Authors: Collins-Smith Ana , Prasannan Lakha , Shan Weiwei , Dori Ezra , Katzow Michelle , Blitz Matthew J. 
Published: August 2022

Objective This study aimed to determine whether the lockdown period of the initial novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) surge in New York affected gestational weight gain (GWG), newborn birth weight (BW), and the frequency of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Maternal and newborn outcomes during the first wave of the pandemic were compared with those during the same timeframe in the previous 2 years.
Study Design Retrospective cross-sectional study of all live singleton term deliveries from April 1 to July 31 between 2018 and 2020 at seven hospitals within a large academic health system in New York. Patients were excluded for missing data on: BW, GWG, prepregnancy body mass index, and gestational age at delivery. We compared GWG, GDM, and BW during the pandemic period (April–July 2020) with the same months in 2018 and 2019 (prepandemic) to account for seasonality. Linear regression was used to model the continuous outcomes of GWG and BW. Logistic regression was used to model the binary outcome of GDM.
Results A total of 20,548 patients were included in the study: 6,672 delivered during the pandemic period and 13,876 delivered during the prepandemic period. On regression analysis, after adjustment for study epoch and patient characteristics, the pandemic period was associated with lower GWG (β = −0.46, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.87 to −0.05), more GDM (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.10–1.39), and no change in newborn BW (β = 0.03, 95% CI: −11.7 to 11.8) compared with the referent period. The largest increases in GDM between the two study epochs were noted in patients who identified as Hispanic (8.6 vs. 6.0%; p < 0.005) and multiracial/other (11.8 vs. 7.0%; p < 0.001).
Conclusion The lockdown period of the pandemic was associated with a decrease in GWG and increase in GDM. Not all groups were affected equally. Hispanic and multiracial patients experienced a larger percentage change in GDM compared with non-Hispanic white patients.
Key Points
Obstacles to Optimal Antenatal Corticosteroid Administration to Eligible Patients
Authors: Rood Kara M. , Ugwu Lynda G. , Grobman William A. , Bailit Jennifer L. , Wapner Ronald J. , Varner Michael W. , Thorp John M. , Caritis Steve N. , Tita Alan T. N. , Saade George R. , Rouse Dwight J. , Blackwell Sean C. , Tolosa Jorge E. ,   for the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health Human Development Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units (MFMU) Network
Published: August 2022

Objective Administration of antenatal corticosteroids (ANCS) is recommended for individuals expected to deliver between 24 and 34 weeks of gestation. Properly timed administration of ANCS achieves maximal benefit. However, more than 50% of individuals receive ANCS outside the recommended window. This study aimed to examine maternal and hospital factors associated with suboptimal receipt of ANCS among individuals who deliver between 24 and 34 weeks of gestation.
Study Design Secondary analysis of the Assessment of Perinatal Excellence (APEX), an observational study of births to 115,502 individuals at 25 hospitals in the United States from March 2008 to February 2011, was conducted. Data from 3,123 individuals who gave birth to a nonanomalous live-born infant between 240/7 to 340/7 weeks of gestation, had prenatal records available at delivery, and data available on the timing of ANCS use were included in this analysis. Eligible individuals' ANCS status was categorized as optimal (full course completed >24 hours after ANCS but not >7 days before birth) or suboptimal (none, too late, or too early). Maternal and hospital-level variables were compared using optimal as the referent group. Hierarchical multinomial logistic regression models, with site as a random effect, were used to identify maternal and hospital-level characteristics associated with optimal ANCS use.
Results Overall, 83.6% (2,612/3,123) of eligible individuals received any treatment: 1,216 (38.9%) optimal and 1,907 (61.1%) suboptimal. Within suboptimal group, 495 (15.9%) received ANCS too late, 901 (28.9%) too early, and 511 (16.4%) did not receive any ANCS. Optimal ANCS varied depending on indication for hospital admission (p < 0.001). Individuals who were admitted with intent to deliver were less likely to receive optimal ANCS while individuals admitted for hypertensive diseases of pregnancy were most likely to receive optimal ANCS (10 vs. 35%). The median gestational age of individuals who received optimal ANCS was 31.0 weeks. Adjusting for hospital factors, hospitals with electronic medical records and who receive transfers have fewer eligible individuals who did not receive ANCS. ANCS administration and timing varied substantially by hospital, optimal frequencies ranged from 9.1 to 51.3%, and none frequencies from 6.1 to 61.8%. When evaluating variation by hospital site, models with maternal and hospital factors did not explain any of the variation in ANCS use.
Conclusion Optimal ANCS use varied by maternal and hospital factors and by hospital site, indicating opportunities for improvement.
Key Points
Bedside Ultrasound for Early Diagnosis of Necrotizing Enterocolitis: A Pilot Study
Authors: Oulego-Erroz Ignacio , Rodríguez-Fanjul Javier , Terroba-Seara Sandra , Sorribes-Orti Clara , Fernandez-Fernández David , Fuentes-Martínez Silvia , Pou-Blázquez Álvaro 
Published: August 2022

Objective This study aimed to assess whether bedside ultrasound (BUS) as the first imaging modality allows an earlier diagnosis of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) compared with abdominal radiography.
Study Design A before–after controlled study in preterm infants with suspected NEC. The intervention group (October 2019–October 2021) received BUS as the first imaging modality and was managed accordingly to BUS findings. The control group (October 2015–September 2019) received radiography as the first imaging modality. The main outcome was NEC confirmation at the time of initial imaging. Secondary outcomes included time to diagnosis, laboratory data, and treatment requirements.
Results Thirty-five episodes of suspected NEC with 14 (40%) confirmed NEC cases and 49 episodes of suspected NEC with 22 (44.9%) confirmed NEC cases were included in the intervention and control groups, respectively. In the intervention group, 11 of 14 (78.6%) NEC cases were confirmed at initial evaluation compared with 5 of 22 (22.7%) in the control group (p = 0.001). Infants in the intervention group developed thrombocytopenia and coagulopathy less frequently, were exposed to less radiation, and required less days of parenteral nutrition compared with the control group (p < 0.05).
Conclusion The use of BUS as the first imaging modality allowed an earlier diagnosis and timely treatment of NEC compared with abdominal radiography.Key Points
Detection of Global Brain Injury Using Point-of-Care Neonatal MRI Scanner
Authors: Bin-Nun Alona , Kasirer Yair , Abu-Ata Nadeen , Rosenbaum Debra , Cytter-Kuint Ruth , Hammerman Cathy , Ben-David Eliel 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background Conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) neuroimaging of infants is complicated by the need to transport infants outside the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), often to distant areas of the hospital.
Primary Objective The main aim of this study was to evaluate and compare scoring of images from a novel 1T MRI, which enables neuroimaging within the NICU, with those from a conventional MRI.
Secondary Objective The second aim of this study was to document improved expediency, and thereby greater patient safety, as reflected by decreased transport time.
Materials and Methods Thirty premature infants (mean gestational age: 28.8 ± 2.1 weeks) were scanned consecutively on the novel 1T and 1.5T conventional scanners at term-equivalent age. Orthogonal T1- and T2-weighted images were acquired and reviewed. A global brain abnormality score (Kidokoro) was assigned independently to all images by two radiologists. Interrater agreement was evaluated using the kappa statistic and interscanner agreement was evaluated by Bland–Altman analysis. Transport time to and from both scanners was monitored and compared.
Results Weighted kappas were 0.77 (standard error of measurement [SEM] 0.08; confidence interval [CI]: 0.62–0.92) and 0.86 (SEM: 0.07; CI: 0.73–1), for the 1T and 1.5T scanners, respectively, reflecting substantial interrater agreement. Bland–Altman analysis showed excellent agreement between the two scanners.Transport time was 8 ± 6 minutes for the 1T MRI versus 46 ± 21 minutes for the conventional MRI (p < 0.00001). No adverse events were recorded during transport. Standard transport times will vary from institution to institution.
Conclusion Kidokoro scores are similar when comparing images obtained from a 1T MRI with those of a conventional 1.5T MRI, reflecting comparable image quality. Transport time was significantly decreased using the 1T neonatal MRI.
Cluster Preface: Organic Chemistry in Thailand
Authors: Wacharasindhu Sumrit 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis SYNLETT cluster highlights research work conducted in universities across Thailand. As a country rich in biodiversity, chemical research in Thailand was originally founded on the study of natural products. The discovery and development of novel, biologically active agents has contributed to drug discovery and advanced the development of novel compounds.1 Since the 1990s, the growth of petrochemical industries in Southeast Asia has spurred chemical research on synthetic methodologies, the creation of high-value compounds from petroleum-based starting materials and polymer sciences. The results have led to significant economic and strategic advantages that have enabled the competitiveness of local petrochemical industries. Moving into the new era, Thailand and the region faces global sustainability challenges. Green chemistry has also become a key theme for driving chemical research, which is expected to help in generating new ideas and innovations to deliver a more sustainable society. This cluster contains 27 articles that have been submitted from 12 different Thai universities. The articles are organized into 3 main themes, as outlined below.
Ear Keloids Treated with Postoperative Electrons: A Case Series
Authors: Vats Pankaj , Sarin Arti , Mukundan Hari , Tyagi Kirti , Mukherjee Deboleena , Vishwanath G 
Published: August 2022

Introduction Multiple modalities exist for treating keloids ranging from surgical, medical, chemotherapeutic, and radiation therapy. Different techniques of radiation therapy have been used to treat keloids as an adjuvant to surgical excision. With this case series, we report our experience of using electron beam radiation therapy in this setting.
Materials and Methods We retrospectively analyzed 16 ear keloids treated in 10 patients from January 2013 to October 2015 with surgical excision followed by electron beam to a dose of 10 Gy in two fractions over two consecutive days in immediate postoperative period. Patients were evaluated for recurrent lesions, cosmesis, and adverse effects.
Results With a median follow-up of 78 months (range: 67–100 months), recurrent lesion was seen in five cases; a local control rate of 68.75% was seen. Median recurrence-free period was 67 months (range: 12–100 months). Acceptable cosmesis was seen in all cases and no acute or chronic adverse effects were seen.
Conclusion The large follow-up period in our series establishes the role of electron beam radiation therapy in attaining long-term control in keloid patients. The lower total dose with higher dose per fraction used in our patients has acceptable control along with good cosmesis and absent adverse effects.
Histopathological Profile of Central Nervous System Tumors in a Peripheral Tertiary Care Centre of West Bengal
Authors: Bhattacharya Shubham , Maiti Barnali , Konar Karabi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Introduction Central nervous system (CNS) tumor incidence is very low in comparison to other organ neoplasm. Recent increase in the incidence may be due to exposure of the population to various risk factors, genetic mutation, or improved diagnosis with advancement in diagnostic modalities. This study aims to observe the histopathological spectrum of CNS tumors with their clinical profile and basic demography at a single center in a peripheral region in West Bengal.
Material and Methods A retrospective study was conducted in the department of pathology, Gouridevi Institute of Medical Sciences and Hospital (GIMSH), Durgapur, West Bengal, over a period of 2 years from October 2018 to September 2020 on CNS tumors. Basic demographic data, tumor site, and histopathological profile were obtained from medical records and further analyzed and graded according to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification.
Result Among 42 cases of CNS tumors, 29 cases were from different regions of the brain and 13 cases were from the spinal cord, with a male to female ratio (1.21:1); the commonest age group was the sixth decade and most common tumor was meningioma, followed by astrocytic tumors.
Conclusion The present study helps provide information regarding the burden of disease in our area. Despite the use of modern imaging techniques that help in the provisional diagnosis of disease, histological examination is the gold standard in diagnosis of varied types.
Incidental Findings on 18F-Fluorocholine PET/CT for Parathyroid Imaging
Authors: Broos Wouter A.M. , Knol Remco J.J. , Zant Friso M. van der , Schaper Nicolaas C. , Wondergem Maurits 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Introduction 18F-choline positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is an upcoming imaging technique for the localization of hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands. However, 18F-choline is a nonspecific tracer that also accumulates in malignancies, inflammatory lesions, and several other benign abnormalities. The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence and relevance of incidental findings on 18F-choline PET/CT for parathyroid localization.
Materials and Methods 18F-choline PET/CTs performed in our center for parathyroid localization from 2015 to 2019 were reviewed. Abnormal uptake of 18F-choline, with or without anatomical substrate on the co-registered low-dose CT and also incidental findings on CT without increased 18F-choline uptake were recorded. Each finding was correlated with follow-up data from the electronic medical records.
Results A total of 388 18F-choline PET/CTs were reviewed, with 247 incidental findings detected in 226 patients (58%): 82 18F-choline positive findings with corresponding pathology on CT, 16 without CT substrate, and 149 18F-choline negative abnormalities on CT. Malignant lesions were detected in 10/388 patients (2.6%). Of all 98 detected 18F-choline positive lesions, 15 were malignant (15.3%), concerning 4 metastases and 11 primary malignancies: breast carcinoma (n = 7), lung carcinoma (n = 2), thyroid carcinoma (n = 1), and skin melanoma (n = 1).
Conclusion Clinically relevant incidental findings were observed in a substantial number of patients. In 15.3% of the incidental 18F-choline positive findings, the lesions were malignant. These data contribute to better knowledge of 18F-choline distribution, enhance interpretation of 18F-choline PET/CT, and guide follow-up of incidental findings. Attention should especially be paid to breast lesions in this particular patient group with hyperparathyroidism in which women are typically over-represented.