bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Life events as predictors of unsustainable working life trajectories from a life course perspective
Authors: Wang M , Raza A , Narusyte J , Silventoinen K , Böckerman P , Svedberg P , Ropponen A 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
The association between family-related life events (e.g., getting married or having children) and unsustainable working life in terms of unemployment, sickness absence and disability pension (SA/DP) are rarely studied from a life-course perspective although having public health importance. We investigated trajectories of unsustainable working life, and the associations between change in family-related life events and unsustainable working life trajectories by controlling for familial factors.

Methods
This is a prospective cohort study of 37,867 Swedish twins aged between 20-40 years on 31st December 1994. Data on trajectories of annual unemployment, SA/DP, and a combined measure of unsustainable working life months was collected from the Swedish national registers. The trajectories over a 23-year period were analysed by group-based trajectory modelling. Associations of change in family-related life events with trajectory groups in the whole sample were estimated by multinomial logistic regression and in discordant twin pairs (n = 4,647 pairs) with conditional models.

Results
Most participants had no or low levels of unemployment, SA/DP or combined unsustainable working life during 1994-2016. Individuals who were stably married or changed from being single living without children to married living with children had a decreased risk of unsustainable working life compared to individuals with stable family-related life events. The risk of unsustainable working life months over time was higher among individuals who changed from married to single status regardless of having children (range of HRs:1.31-4.44).

Conclusions
Family-related life events such as maintaining the relationship or getting married and having children decreases the risk of unsustainable working life while divorce is a risk factor for unsustainable working life. From a public health perspective, actions to support family formation or life would consequently promote a sustainable working life.

Key messages
• Unsustainable working life was less likely among married and among those who changed from single living without children to married with children compared to those with stable family life events.
• Individuals who changed from being married to divorced status had an increased risk of unsustainable working life over time and therefore being potentially an important group for public health.
Driving HIA implementation in Ireland: The role of academia and public health institutions
Authors: O'Mullane M 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Over the past decades public health research has presented compelling evidence that health is socially determined. To address structural inequalities and inequities in health, public policies require intersectoral development and implementation. Health Impact Assessment (HIA) is an established tool for analysing potentially detrimental health outcomes of policies, programmes and projects. In Ireland, we are presented with a unique opportunity to examine HIA implementation by capitalising on the synergy of recent policy commitments driving HIA implementation. Specifically, the national public health framework Healthy Ireland 2013-2025, and the newly developed all-island Institute of Public Health HIA guidance (2021), have coalesced in steering the strategic direction of HIA. This presentation outlines the current synergistic policy context on the island of Ireland, including the publication of new HIA guidance, which opens opportunities and new possibilities for implementing HIA. Reflections will be made on the potential and reality of current HIA training programmes in Ireland. Learning from the lessons of a dearth of HIA implementation at varying time periods since 2000, this presentation discusses the mechanisms in place, such as the successful World Health organization-led healthy cities projects in Ireland, such as Cork Healthy Cities, and those key drivers that are required to capture policy synergy for meaningful HIA implementation.
2.M. Workshop: Empowering examples of high vaccination in minorities: learning from three underserved communities
Authors:   Organised by: RIVER-EU Project,   Chair persons: Michael Edelstein (Israel), Danielle Jansen (EUPHA-CAPH)
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Childhood vaccine uptake in most minority or ethnic communities in Europe is typically substantially and unacceptably lower compared to the general population. Ethnic, religious, or cultural minorities are more likely to encounter health system barriers to accessing health care services which are a major contributor to comparatively low vaccine uptake among these disadvantaged communities. Despite these challenges, some minority communities manage to achieve high uptake for childhood immunization sometimes higher than the general population in their respective countries. We have called these populations “empowering examples”. As part of RIVER-EU (Reducing Inequalities in Vaccine uptake in the European region - Engaging Underserved communities) an EU funded project aiming to improve access to vaccine services for children and youth, reducing inequality and improving vaccine uptake of HPV and MMR vaccination in underserved communities in Europe, we collected evidence on health system barriers and enablers to vaccination among underserved communities, including three empowering examples of underserved minority communities that achieve high vaccine uptake: the Somali community in Finland, the Arab community in Israel, and the Bangladeshi community in the United Kingdom. Understanding enablers to vaccination in these populations will help generate knowledge that will be translated to other populations in order to facilitate similar enablers, thus improving vaccine uptake. The main objective of this workshop is to share and discuss the preliminary findings related to health system enablers from these three “empowering examples.” The workshop will be structured in 3 presentations of 12 minutes each. Each empowering example will present preliminary findings from interviews and focus group sessions conducted with each minority community. Presentations will be followed by a moderated questions and answers session that will help the audience understand what factors have contributed high vaccine uptake in these populations and how they can be applied to others. Participants will be invited to share experiences from their own countries.

Key messages
• Accessibility, trust in the health care system, and perceived vaccine safety, were found to be powerful health system enablers to HPV and MMR vaccination among three underserved populations studied.
• Normalizing vaccination as “just something you do” seems to be a common approach among the highly vaccinated minorities.
2.O. Workshop: Initial health assessments and catch-up vaccination for forcibly displaced migrants to Europe
Authors:   Organised by: St George's, Lancet Migration European Hub, ESGITM,   Chair persons: Sally Hargreaves (UK), Ana Requena Mendez (Spain)
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Recent crises in Ukraine, Afghanistan, Syria and other countries have, again, resulted in large populations of asylum seekers and other migrant groups arriving in Europe. However, European countries still grapple with questions about what level of health care should be offered to forcibly displaced people (emergency care, preventative care, multi-disease screening and catch-up vaccination?), and when and where in the migration trajectory provision should be made (should it be at borders, reception centres, once settled via the national health system, via specialist or routine services, or left to non-governmental organisations?), and what their subsequent level of right to access the mainstream health-care system should be. Countries do not have a uniform approach to the provision of health care for these populations, with some countries more inclusive than others, and wide discrepancies between evidence and implementation in policy and practice. In this workshop we will discuss current approaches, implementation, research and policy gaps, and models of good practice from the clinic to the community to ensure both the immediate and long-term health needs of these diverse mobile populations are met.

Workshop plan
The workshop will start with 10-minute presentations by each of the 4 speakers (to include a short Q&A after each talk). This will then move into a 20-minute audience discussion centred seeking specific feedback on examples of successful interventions, good practice, and lessons learned across EU/EEA countries in delivering multi-disease and catch-up vaccination and holistic and inclusive healthcare approaches.

Key messages
• Governments should develop clear short-term and long-term policy and evidence-led research strategies to ensure the equitable provision of health services.
• Strategies must include multi-disease and catch-up vaccination approaches, alongside meaningful access to mainstream health systems.
Community engagement to co-design and deliver public health interventions in newly arrived migrants
Authors: Crawshaw A 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Alison Crawshaw will talk about her participatory research that uses design thinking to develop community-based strategies to improve health outcomes in migrant populations. She will summarise the benefits of using community-based approaches and co-designing public health initiatives with affected migrant communities, bringing in lessons learned from a recent project with the Congolese community in London.
How can policymakers incorporate uncertainty (as modelled through foresight) into policy evaluation?
Authors: Bana e Costa CA , Oliveira MD , Rodrigues TC , Vieira A 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Using a robust policy evaluation framework is critical to inform policymakers about the relevance of a policy in a structured way, clarifying its implications and providing arguments and criteria to compare competing options and decide which policy should be prioritised. In the current context of complex societal, environmental and public health challenges, decision-makers demand tools that allow a comparative assessment of the effectiveness of multisectoral policies and their comparison under different scenarios.

Methods
This presentation will detail a socio-technical “desirability-doability” framework (2xD). In 2xD, an additive value model is constructed to measure the desirability of public policies, and their doability is appraised under two contrasted scenarios. For these purposes, the MACBETH approach is used in developing the three group modelling phases of 2xD: (I) Structuring facilitated workshops, (II) Evaluation decision conference, and (III) Desirability-doability decision conference. Tailor-made interactive protocols or questioning procedures are used to elicit group judgements, based on which objective-specific value scores are assigned to the policies, and the objectives are weighted (in II). Finally, we elicit doability scores for the policies under each scenario (in III).

Results
We present how the 2xD framework was applied in Lisbon's urban health policymaking setting and discuss case insights regarding the role of scenario analysis in the appraisal and selection of policies.

Conclusions
The 2xD framework advances knowledge on how to assist policymakers in evaluating and selecting policies and contributes to the literature on overall policy formulation and evaluation. Specifically, the framework enabled a group of policymakers to balance (multicriteria) desirability versus doability of policies under the light of two contrasting scenarios, therefore incorporating uncertainty in their decision-making process.
Lessons learned from automated screening of COVID-19 preprints
Authors: Weissgerber T , Riedel N , Kilicoglu H , Labbe C , Eckmann P , ter Riet G , Byrne J , Cabanac G , Capes-Davis A , Bandrowski A 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Preprints occupied the spotlight early in the pandemic, as scientists, the media and the public sought information on the evolving pandemic. While some in the scientific community embraced this shift, others were concerned about the quality of these papers, which had not yet undergone peer review. Furthermore, the flood of COVID-19 preprints quickly overwhelmed the scientific community's ability to monitor and assess new preprints. Automated screening tools that detect beneficial practices, or common problems, in preprints are one potential solution to this problem. These tools could potentially provide individualized feedback, allowing authors to improve their manuscripts prior to publication in a peer-reviewed journal. We have combined many tools into a single pipeline, called ScreenIT. ScreenIT assess factors such as open data and open code, blinding, randomization, power calculations, limitations sections, and data visualization problems. Since June 2020, we have used ScreenIT to screen and post daily reports on more than 23,000 new COVID-19 preprints deposited on bioRxiv and medRxiv. Results show that practices such as sharing data and code are relatively uncommon. Sample size calculations, blinding and randomization are rarely reported and most papers do not report the sex of participants, animals or samples. This work demonstrates the feasibility of using automated tools to rapidly screen many preprints in real time, and provide authors and readers with rapid feedback. However, this approach has important limitations. Automated screening tools can make mistakes. Tools can't always determine whether an item is relevant to a particular manuscript. Further studies are needed to determine whether feedback from automated tools is effective in encouraging authors to improve reporting.
Planetary health education: a cornerstone for international sustainable public health deals
Authors: Cadeddu C , Pivor J , Jevtic M , Faerron C , Zjalic D , Lombardi GS , Myers SS , Ricciardi W 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
As stated in The Lancet Public Health editorial, “No public health without planetary health”, the future health of the planet and human health are inextricably linked. For this reason, global citizens, practitioners, and professionals, especially those involved in Public Health, must be equipped to address and understand the field of Planetary Health (PH), which looks at the complex connections associated with disruptions to natural systems and resulting impacts on human health. Strategies aimed at incorporating PH education into high schools and academic curricula are required to build capacity for future national and local PH leadership. One of the most relevant tools used to achieve these goals is the PH Education Framework, designed by the Planetary Health Alliance (PHA). This framework considers five foundational domains as essential for PH knowledge, values, and practice, and has been currently applied by different institutions involved in PH. The Italian Institute for PH (IIPH) applied this framework to a school-based project for education in urban health, which will be better described in the workshop presentation. The PH Education Framework domains were used for the development of four interactive sessions oriented to raise students’ interest on the topic and stimulate active participation during and after the intervention, also with simple pro-environmental behaviours. The experience was shown to be fruitful for Public Health residents as well, who were deeply involved in and led the interactive sessions held in the high school. By means of a qualitative assessment, residents demonstrated to have increased their self-confidence, knowledge and leadership skills in PH. Further research and applications of the PH Education Framework are needed in order to increase evidence and awareness in PH and strengthen PH collaboration in Europe and beyond.
Health Experts’ voice for Healthier Choice – a call for Zero Air Pollution in the Western Balkans
Authors: Jevtic M , Matkovic V 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In 2019, the European Environment Agency has shown that the fine particulate matter PM2.5 caused more than 25 000 premature deaths in six Western Balkans countries alone, namely Albania 4 000, Bosnia and Herzegovina 5 900, Kosovo* 2 800, Montenegro 900, North Macedonia 3 400 and Serbia 11 400. In the same year, more than 2 200 lives were lost due to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ozone (O3) pollution. Air pollution and climate change are major health problems in the region. Health experts in the Western Balkans region have joined forces to highlight the importance of air quality actions and achieving zero air pollution as a prevention intervention for public health. We brought together a call for the Western Balkans policy-makers to invite them to commit to full alignment of all national air quality standards with the World Health Organization guidelines, to establish regional intersectoral cooperation to accelerate the moving to zero pollution, to including health authorities, public health institutes, and medical societies, patient representative and all health care experts and providers; to end direct or indirect public subsidies of polluting processes, especially fossil fuel activities such as coal power plants; to finalise the process of the ratification of the Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution and its protocols; to support modelling to establish economy-wide emission reduction commitments for the five main pollutants; to develop and implement Air Quality Strategies; to increase the uptake of Best Available Technologies (BAT) in accordance with the Industrial Emissions Directive; to establish an adequate air quality monitoring system, and to including through accreditation of air quality monitoring networks. Public health experts from the WB, united in the regional call, highlight the urgent need for improvements in air quality in the region together with a zero air pollution objective and a timeline to reach it.
Moving from human-centred to society-centred design of health technologies
Authors: Niess J 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The digitised society promises technological solutions to support mental and physical health and well-being. Amongst others, the consumer market, health insurance providers, and companies offer technologies to, among other things, track one's mood, improve diet and fitness habits, foster healthy sleep patterns or track our brain waves to enhance relaxation. However, while the potential benefits of such technologies are apparent and technologies might increase individual and public health, long-term engagement with health technologies is comparably low. This hints at ineffective solutions and insufficient knowledge of user needs. Understanding the specific context of use and user needs is vital to increasing technology adoption, personal benefits, and profitability of health technologies. Taking the user perspective into account when designing technologies is essential to support health and well-being. To foster long-term engagement with health technologies, we argue for considering the broader social context of digital health tools and reflecting on ways how we can empower society to design better and more inclusive health technologies. Hence, when developing digital public health tools, it is essential to go beyond conceptualising people as users and instead shift the focus to humans as part of society and embed such consideration in the design process.
A community-based participatory approach to engaging Congolese migrants in intervention co-design
Authors: Crawshaw AF , Hickey C , Lutumba LM , Kitoko LM , Nkembi SL , Knights F , Ciftci Y , Vandrevala T , Forster AS , Hargreaves S 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Issue
The World Health Organization has called for tailored, community-based interventions to address disparities in vaccination uptake affecting migrant and minoritised populations, however few exist. This study directly responds to global calls for community-centred and participatory approaches to engaging migrants in routine and COVID-19 vaccination.

Problem description
Black and African migrants are known to be at risk of under-immunisation and have lower COVID-19 vaccine uptake rates in high-income countries. This UK study will use community-based participatory approaches to engage Congolese migrants in co-developing a tailored intervention to increase vaccine uptake. A community-academic coalition will lead the study. Community members will be trained as peer researchers and financially compensated. The final output will be an intervention strategy tailored to and embedded within the Congolese migrant community.

Preliminary results
The coalition held 20 hours of planning meetings and peer researcher training in 2021 and co-developed a phased study involving 1) community days with poster walls and qualitative in-depth interviews with Congolese migrants, 2) interviews and workshops with local stakeholders, and 3) co-design workshops with Congolese migrants. Following outreach and pre-engagement, approximately 80 migrants attended the community days, with more than 50 interviews and 100% left positive feedback (including: felt valued, welcomed, Congolese language recognised).

Lessons
Community-academic partnerships are resource-intensive but can be an effective means to build and maintain trust required to deliver a community-based research study. Academic partners should support community partners in understanding the research process to help manage expectations and provide financial compensation for their time and effort. This study offers an innovative engagement model and study design that can be adapted to other underserved populations.

Key messages
• Global policy-setting organisations have called urgently for participatory research that engages migrants in the co-production of tailored initiatives to address vaccination inequalities.
• This study uses a novel, theory-driven, participatory approach to engage with and identify barriers to vaccination in Congolese migrants and co-design a tailored strategy to increase uptake.