bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
D3-branes and M5-branes wrapped on a topological disc
Authors: Suh Minwoo 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Employing the method applied to construct AdS5 solutions from M5-branes recently by Bah, Bonetti, Minasian and Nardoni, we construct supersymmetric AdS3 solutions from D3-branes and M5-branes wrapped on a disc with non-trivial holonomies at the boundary. In five-dimensional U(1)3-gauged $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 supergravity, we find $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (2, 2) and $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (4, 4) supersymmetric AdS3 solutions. We uplift the solutions to type IIB supergravity and obtain D3-branes wrapped on a topological disc. We also uplift the solutions to eleven-dimensional supergravity and obtain M5-branes wrapped on a product of topological disc and Riemann surface. For the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (2, 2) solution, holographic central charges are finite and well-defined. On the other hand, we could not find $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (4, 4) solution with finite holographic central charge. Finally, we show that the topological disc we obtain is, in fact, identical to a special case of the multi-charge spindle solution.
Die segmentale und somatische Dysfunktion
Authors: Schnell Hein , Wagner Florian Max-Josef , Locher Hermann 
Published: March 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Manuelle Medizin basiert auf neurophysiologischen und biomechanischen Zusammenhängen. Gestörte sensomotorische Regulation führt zu segmentalen und somatischen Dysfunktionen. Auf spinaler Ebene entstehen über die segmentale Zuordnung somatosensorische und vegetative Fehlleistungen. Klinisch imponieren lokale Schmerzen, „Referred-pain“-Syndrome sowie diffuse viszerale Beschwerden. Über myofasziale Strukturen können diese Fehlfunktionen in andere Körperregionen übertragen werden und von dort wiederum über die segmentalen neuronalen Verschaltungen weitere Folgeerscheinungen nach sich ziehen. Die Manuelle Medizin widmet sich diesen Zusammenhängen.

Techniken
Der therapeutische Erfolg manueller Interventionen entsteht durch Einflussnahme auf das propriozeptive System, wodurch die sensomotorische Regulation verbessert werden kann. Propriozeptive Reize wirken zudem direkt schmerzhemmend im Zentralnervensystem (ZNS). Manuelle Techniken können primär Gelenke, myofasziale Strukturen und auch die Viszera zum Zielorgan haben, gemeinsames Ziel ist das Setzen von propriozeptiven Reizen mit gezielter segmentaler Zuordnung.

Pathologie
Das Verständnis der neurophysiologischen und biomechanischen Zusammenhänge kann ein wertvolles differenzialdiagnostisches Instrument sein, insbesondere bei scheinbar inkonsistenter Befundkonstellation. Auch strukturelle Pathologien können reflektorisch zu Dysfunktionen führen. Ob die strukturelle Pathologie oder die Dysfunktion führend für das klinische Bild verantwortlich ist, lässt sich häufig durch eine probatorische manuelle Therapie beurteilen. Lege artis indiziert und durchgeführt besteht ein exzellentes Nutzen-Risiko-Verhältnis.
Action versus energy ground states in nonlinear Schrödinger equations
Authors: Dovetta Simone , Serra Enrico , Tilli Paolo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe investigate the relations between normalized critical points of the nonlinear Schrödinger energy functional and critical points of the corresponding action functional on the associated Nehari manifold. Our first general result is that the ground state levels are strongly related by the following duality result: the (negative) energy ground state level is the Legendre–Fenchel transform of the action ground state level. Furthermore, whenever an energy ground state exists at a certain frequency, then all action ground states with that frequency have the same mass and are energy ground states too. We prove that the converse is in general false and that the action ground state level may fail to be convex. Next we analyze the differentiability of the ground state action level and we provide an explicit expression involving the mass of action ground states. Finally we show that similar results hold also for local minimizers.
Clinical and microbiological characterization of Aerococcus urinae bacteraemias at Helsinki metropolitan area, Finland
Authors: Sihvonen Reetta , Turunen Maria , Lehtola Laura , Pakarinen Laura , Grönroos Juha O. , Rantakokko-Jalava Kaisu , Pätäri-Sampo Anu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOur objective was to assess the incidence of bacteraemic Aerococcus urinae cases at Helsinki metropolitan area, Finland, from a 6-year study period (2013 to 2018) and to further characterize available cases. The study evaluates the outcome of commonly used cefuroxime treatment and determinate a set of A. urinae in vitro antimicrobial susceptibilities for benzylpenicillin, cefuroxime, and ceftriaxone. Clinical records of A. urinae bacteraemic patients were reviewed retrospectively. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by disk diffusion, gradient test, and broth microdilution for 139–141 clinical A. urinae isolates. Clinical data of 72/77 patients were combined with the in vitro susceptibilities. We found an increasing number of bacteraemic A. urinae cases within 6-year study period (p = 0.01). The patients were mainly elderly males, and all suffered from underlying conditions. A total of 27.3% of cases (21/77) showed polymicrobial blood cultures. Thirty-day mortality was 22.1%. Cefuroxime was the initial empiric antimicrobial agent given for 66/76 of the patients and treatment outcome was favorable for 20/22 patients who received cefuroxime at least up to day 5. All isolates were susceptible to benzylpenicillin and cefuroxime interpreted by EUCAST breakpoints for Aerococci and PK-PD breakpoints, respectively. MIC determinations gave variable results for ceftriaxone, 2.1–2.9% of the isolates were resistant. To conclude, it seems that the number of bacteraemic Aerococcus urinae cases is increasing at Helsinki metropolitan area, Finland, reflecting the growing blood culture sampling. Clinical A. urinae isolates were susceptible to cefuroxime in vitro. Treatment data indicate that empirical cefuroxime started for possibly urinary tract -derived community-acquired bacteraemia covers A. urinae.
Paludiculture crops and nitrogen kick-start ecosystem service provisioning in rewetted peat soils
Authors: Vroom R. J. E. , Geurts J. J. M. , Nouta R. , Borst A. C. W. , Lamers L. P. M. , Fritz C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Paludiculture (crop cultivation in wet peatlands) can prevent carbon and nutrient losses while enabling biomass production. As vegetation in rewetted peatlands is often nitrogen (N) limited, input of N-rich water may promote biomass production and nutrient removal. However, it is unclear how N loading and soil characteristics affect biomass yield, nutrient dynamics, and ecosystem service provisioning in paludiculture.

Methods
We studied the influence of N loading (0, 50, 150, and 450 kg N ha−1 yr−1) on biomass production and nutrient sequestration of Typha latifolia (broadleaf cattail) and Phragmites australis (common reed) in mesocosms containing rewetted agricultural peat soil (intensively managed, near-neutral (IN)). To assess the interaction with soil characteristics T. latifolia was also grown on an extensively managed, acid (EA) peat soil.

Results
N loading stimulated biomass production and nutrient uptake of both T. latifolia and P. australis, with T. latifolia showing the most pronounced response. Biomass yield of T. latifolia was higher on IN soil than on EA soil due to the higher pH, despite lower nutrient availability. N was largely taken up by the vegetation, whereas bare soils showed N accumulation in pore and surface water, and 80% loss through denitrification. Soil phosphorus was efficiently taken up by T. latifolia, especially at high N loads.

Conclusion
N loading in paludiculture with T. latifolia and P. australis boosts biomass production while kick-starting peatland ecosystem services including nutrient removal. Nutrient availability and pH appear to be decisive soil characteristics when it comes to crop selection.
An Association Between Psychological Childbirth Trauma and Hazardous Alcohol Use
Authors: Doherty Michelle , Hunt Sally A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Hazardous alcohol use is increasing amongst some groups of women, yet little is known about the underlying reasons or gender-specific influences. The purpose of this study was to explore the association between psychological childbirth trauma and women’s hazardous alcohol use. We aimed to identify predictors of hazardous alcohol use given childbirth-related trauma, other life trauma (combat, natural disasters, physical or sexual assault, experiences threatening loss of life or loss of loved ones) and coping motives for drinking, whilst controlling for age, socio-economic status, negative affect and other drinking motives (enhancement and social motives). Australian data from the Why Women Drink survey (N = 301) was analysed. Women who experienced childbirth as traumatic scored higher overall for hazardous drinking and endorsed coping reasons more strongly than those who did not. Analyses of individual differences affecting hazardous drinking revealed coping reasons, rather than trauma itself, as the strongest predictor in a regression model. Other significant predictors included socio-economic status, enhancement of positive emotions and, marginally, negative affect. Findings identified a link between traumatic childbirth and hazardous drinking as a coping strategy. Prospective research is required to characterise predisposing and perpetuating vulnerabilities determining maladaptive coping after traumatic childbirth, and to inform effective interventions.
On discriminating between lognormal and Pareto tail: an unsupervised mixture-based approach
Authors: Bee Marco 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMany stochastic models in economics and finance are described by distributions with a lognormal body. Testing for a possible Pareto tail and estimating the parameters of the Pareto distribution in these models is an important topic. Although the problem has been extensively studied in the literature, most applications are characterized by some weaknesses. We propose a method that exploits all the available information by taking into account the data generating process of the whole population. After estimating a lognormal–Pareto mixture with a known threshold via the EM algorithm, we exploit this result to develop an unsupervised tail estimation approach based on the maximization of the profile likelihood function. Monte Carlo experiments and two empirical applications to the size of US metropolitan areas and of firms in an Italian district confirm that the proposed method works well and outperforms two commonly used techniques. Simulation results are available in an online supplementary appendix.
The Kantian account of mechanical explanation of natural ends in eighteenth and nineteenth century biology
Authors: Beekman Wim , Jochemsen Henk 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe rise of the mechanistic worldview in the seventeenth century had a major impact on views of biological generation. Many seventeenth century naturalists rejected the old animist thesis. However, the alternative view of gradual mechanistic formation in embryology didn’t convince either. How to articulate the peculiarity of life? Researchers in the seventeenth century proposed both “animist” and mechanistic theories of life. In the eighteenth century again a controversy in biology arose regarding the explanation of generation. Some adhered to the view that life is a physical property of matter (e.g. Buffon), others saw living entities as the result of the development of pre-existing germs (e.g. Bonnet). Naturalists, lacked a convincing account that could guide their research. In interaction with leading naturalists of his time Immanuel Kant articulated an approach to explaining generation. Kant’s account, delineated in hisKritik der Urteilskraft(Critique of the power of judgment) (1790), is a combination of Newtoniannon-reductionist mechanismin explanation, and a concept of natural end comparable to Stahl’sformal conception of organic bodies.It consists of two claims: a) in biology only mechanical explanation is explanatory, and b) living entities contain some original organisation, which is mechanically unexplainable. In the nineteenth century this approach influenced naturalists as Müller, Virchow, and Von Baer, in their physiological research. Dissatisfied with a sheer mechanistic or, on the other hand, a sheer teleological approach, they appreciated the Kantian account of mechanical explanation of natural ends. In Germany, in the second halve of the nineteenth century, Ernst Haeckel reopened the debate about abiogenesis, which still continuous.
Trends in particle and nuclei identification techniques in nuclear physics experiments
Authors: Badalà A. , La Cognata M. , Nania R. , Osipenko M. , Piantelli S. , Turrisi R. , Barion L. , Capra S. , Carbone D. , Carnesecchi F. , Casula E. A. R. , Chatterjee C. , Ciani G. F. , Depalo R. , Di Nitto A. , Fantini A. , Goasduff A. , Guardo G. L. , Kraan A. C. , Manna A. , Marsicano L. , Martorana N. S. , Morales-Gallegos L. , Naselli E. , Scordo A. , Valdré S. , Volpe G. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractParticle identification techniques are fundamental tools in nuclear physics experiments. Discriminating particles or nuclei produced in nuclear interactions allows to better understand the underlying physics mechanisms. The energy interval of these reactions is very broad, from sub-eV up to TeV. For this reason, many different identification approaches have been developed, often combining two or more observables. This paper reviews several of these techniques with emphasis on the expertise gained within the current nuclear physics scientific program of the Italian Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN).
Organic Carbon and Aggregate Stability of Three Contrasting Soils as Affected by Arable Agriculture and Improved Pasture in Northern KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: Mbanjwa Vusumuzi E. , Hughes Jeffrey C. , Muchaonyerwa Pardon 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) and aggregate stability as a result of agricultural practices have been extensively studied, but the extent of these changes is site and crop specific. In this study, SOC and aggregate stability were evaluated under undisturbed grassland, cultivated pasture and arable land uses in northern KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The soils in this study were sampled from the 0–5, 5–10 and 10–20 cm depths of a Nitisol, Stagnosol and Fluvisol, and analysed for SOC content and stocks and aggregate stability. In all soils, SOC was significantly lower under arable cultivation (range from 1.4 to 2.1%) compared to the grassland and pasture (3.4 to 4.2%) in the top 10 cm. The soil carbon stocks followed a similar trend to the SOC in all soils and under all land uses. The overall aggregate stability expressed as mean weight diameter (MWD) was also significantly lower under the arable land use (1.03 to 1.82 mm) compared to grassland (2.44 to 2.96 mm) at all depths in all the soils, except at 5–10 cm in the Stagnosol. The MWD values under grassland and pasture were equal at all depths in all the soils. The MWD increased with SOC up to a threshold of 3.0–3.9% indicating the importance of SOC in soil aggregation. The weak correlation in the Stagnosol suggests that other factors are important in this soil. The loss of SOC and decline in aggregate stability over a period of 38 years of continuous arable cultivation in the near surface layers of two of the soils are potentially problematic for soil sustainability in the longer term.
Nitrogen-doped biochars as adsorbents for mitigation of heavy metals and organics from water: a review
Authors: Kasera Nitesh , Kolar Praveen , Hall Steven G. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMitigation of toxic contaminants from wastewater is crucial to the safety and sustainability of the aquatic ecosystem and human health. There is a pressing need to find economical and efficient technologies for municipal, agricultural, aquacultural, and industrial wastewater treatment. Nitrogen-doped biochar, which is synthesized from waste biomass, is shown to exhibit good adsorptive performance towards harmful aqueous contaminants, including heavy metals and organic chemicals. Incorporating nitrogen into the biochar matrix changes the overall electronic structure of biochar, which favors the interaction of N-doped biochar with contaminants. In this review, we start the discussion with the preparation techniques and raw materials used for the production of N-doped biochar, along with its structural attributes. Next, the adsorption of heavy metals and organic pollutants on N-doped biochars is systematically discussed. The adsorption mechanisms of contaminant removal by N-doped biochar are also clearly explained. Further, mathematical analyses of adsorption, crucial to the quantification of adsorption, process design, and understanding of the mechanics of the process, are reviewed. Furthermore, the influence of environmental parameters on the adsorption process and the reusability of N-doped biochars are critically evaluated. Finally, future research trends for the design and development of application-specific preparation of N-doped biochars for wastewater treatment are suggested.
Graphical abstract
Capturing stance dynamics in social media: open challenges and research directions
Authors: Alkhalifa Rabab , Zubiaga Arkaitz 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSocial media platforms provide a goldmine for mining public opinion on issues of wide societal interest and impact. Opinion mining is a problem that can be operationalised by capturing and aggregating the stance of individual social media posts as supporting, opposing or being neutral towards the issue at hand. While most prior work in stance detection has investigated datasets that cover short periods of time, interest in investigating longitudinal datasets has recently increased. Evolving dynamics in linguistic and behavioural patterns observed in new data require adapting stance detection systems to deal with the changes. In this survey paper, we investigate the intersection between computational linguistics and the temporal evolution of human communication in digital media. We perform a critical review of emerging research considering dynamics, exploring different semantic and pragmatic factors that impact linguistic data in general, and stance in particular. We further discuss current directions in capturing stance dynamics in social media. We discuss the challenges encountered when dealing with stance dynamics, identify open challenges and discuss future directions in three key dimensions: utterance, context and influence.
Bayesian optimization with informative parametric models via sequential Monte Carlo
Authors: Oliveira Rafael , Scalzo Richard , Kohn Robert , Cripps Sally , Hardman Kyle , Close John , Taghavi Nasrin , Lemckert Charles 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBayesian optimization (BO) has been a successful approach to optimize expensive functions whose prior knowledge can be specified by means of a probabilistic model. Due to their expressiveness and tractable closed-form predictive distributions, Gaussian process (GP) surrogate models have been the default go-to choice when deriving BO frameworks. However, as nonparametric models, GPs offer very little in terms of interpretability and informative power when applied to model complex physical phenomena in scientific applications. In addition, the Gaussian assumption also limits the applicability of GPs to problems where the variables of interest may highly deviate from Gaussianity. In this article, we investigate an alternative modeling framework for BO which makes use of sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) to perform Bayesian inference with parametric models. We propose a BO algorithm to take advantage of SMC’s flexible posterior representations and provide methods to compensate for bias in the approximations and reduce particle degeneracy. Experimental results on simulated engineering applications in detecting water leaks and contaminant source localization are presented showing performance improvements over GP-based BO approaches.
Iron supplementation during the first trimester of pregnancy after a national change of recommendation: a Danish cross-sectional study
Authors: Løvschal Line B. , Høgh Stinne , Bergholt Thomas , Maslin Kate , Shawe Jill , Hegaard Hanne K. , de Wolff Mie G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In 2013, the Danish Health Authorities recommended a change in prophylactic iron supplementation to 40–50 mg/d from gestational week 10. Hence, the aims of the present study were (1) to estimate the prevalence of women who follow the Danish recommendation on iron supplementation during the last 3 weeks of the first trimester of pregnancy and (2) to identify potential sociodemographic, reproductive and health-related pre-pregnancy predictors for iron supplementation during the first trimester. We conducted a cross-sectional study with data from the hospital-based Copenhagen Pregnancy Cohort. Characteristics were analysed by descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the associations between predictors and iron supplementation during the last 3 weeks of the first trimester. The study population consisted of 23 533 pregnant women attending antenatal care at Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet from October 2013 to May 2019. The prevalence of iron supplementation according to recommendations was 49⋅1 %. The pre-pregnancy factors of ≥40 years of age, the educational level below a higher degree and a vegetarian or vegan diet were identified as predictors for iron supplementation during the first trimester of pregnancy. Approximately half of the women were supplemented with the recommended dose of iron during the first trimester of pregnancy. We identified pre-pregnancy predictors associated with iron supplementation. Interventions that target women of reproductive age are needed. An enhanced focus on iron supplementation during pregnancy should be incorporated in pre-pregnancy and interpregnancy counselling.
POSITIVELY CURVED FINSLER METRICS ON VECTOR BUNDLES
Authors: WU KUANG-RU 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe construct a convex and strongly pseudoconvex Kobayashi positive Finsler metric on a vector bundle E under the assumption that the symmetric power of the dual
$S^kE^*$
has a Griffiths negative
$L^2$
-metric for some k. The proof relies on the negativity of direct image bundles and the Minkowski inequality for norms. As a corollary, we show that given a strongly pseudoconvex Kobayashi positive Finsler metric, one can upgrade to a convex Finsler metric with the same property. We also give an extremal characterization of Kobayashi curvature for Finsler metrics.