bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Vitro Screening for Antitrypanosomal Potentials of Punica granatum L. Leaves Crude Extracts
Authors: Fathuddin Muhammad Muhsin , Inabo Helen Ileigo 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Punica granatum (P. granatum) L. leaves were examined for potential antitrypanosomal properties. These leaves were acquired and identified at Ahmadu Bello University (A.B.U.) Herbarium Unit in Zaria. Following drying, the following solvents—chloroform, ethyl acetate, and ethanol—were used in that order for Exhaustive Soxhlet Extraction. The phytochemical analysis and in vitro antitrypanosomal capability of the crude extracts were performed on Trypanosoma brucei brucei(T. b. brucei).
Research Method: The National Research Institute for Chemical Technology (NARICT), Basawa, Zaria, obtained the organism, T. b. brucei. The Wet and Thick Blood Film method and the Rapid Matching method were used to examine the antitrypanosomal activity under 400x magnification. In 96-round-bottom well micro-titre plates, the in vitrotrypanocide activity was evaluated in duplicate.
Findings: The antitrypanosomal activity of the ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts ranged from 6.25 to 400 mg/ml. Red blood cells (RBC) were destroyed at all concentrations between 200 and 400 mg/ml, while between 6.25 and 100 mg/ml, the RBCs were still intact. As concentrations dropped, the parasite's motility rose. The parasite's motility entirely stopped after 60 minutes, whereas it continued for an additional 80 minutes in the negative control. A standard medicine that was made per the manufacturer's instructions and used as the positive control cleared everything in less than a minute.
Original/Value: This research may help in the development of novel antitrypanosomal medications from P. granatum L. As a result, despite lysing the RBC and having no effect on the parasite, the chloroform extract did not kill it. At a minimum concentration of 6.25 mg/ml, the P. granatum L. Ethyl Acetate and Ethanol Extract have the potential to operate as an antitrypanosomal agent.
Serum vitamin D concentration is lower in patients with tinnitus: a meta-analysis of observational studies
Authors: Nocini Riccardo , Henry Brandon M. , Mattiuzzi Camilla , Lippi Giuseppe 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background: Tinnitus is a highly prevalent and frequently disabling condition, such that the identification of possible causal mechanisms would yield significant clinical and social benefits. Since vitamin D (Vit D) is involved in the pathogenesis of several ear disturbances, we review here the current scientific literature addressing the relationship between Vit D status and tinnitus.
Methods: An electronic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science with the keywords “tinnitus” and “Vitamin D” or “Vit D” or “25OH-D” or “cholecalciferol” or “ergocalciferol” or “hydroxycholecalciferol”, without date (i.e., up to November 10, 2022) or language restrictions, in accordance with a protocol based on the transparent reporting of systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) 2020 checklist, for identifying studies which assayed serum Vit D concentration in patients with or without tinnitus.
Results: Three observational, case-control studies encompassing four cohorts and totaling 468 patients with (n=268) or without tinnitus (n=200) were included in this meta-analysis. Pooled analysis with quality effects models evidenced significantly reduced serum Vit D levels in patients with tinnitus compared to those without (weighted mean difference [WMD], -6.2 ng/mL; 95%CI, -10.3 to -2.1 ng/mL; I2, 56%). Serum Vit D was found to be 22% lower in patients with tinnitus compared to those without.
Conclusions: Lower serum Vit D levels may be associated with tinnitus, thus paving the way to plan future trials aimed at exploring whether Vit D supplementation may aid in preventing and/or improving tinnitus.
Understanding the adoption of urine-diverting dry toilets (UDDTs) in low- and lower-middle-income countries using the Diffusion of Innovation framework
Authors: Conroy Kristen M. , Mancl Karen M. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Understanding barriers and facilitators to the adoption of sanitation technologies is crucial to the diffusion of these innovations. Urine-diverting dry toilets (UDDTs) have been implemented throughout regions that are lacking improved sanitation. This review applied the Diffusion of Innovation theory to 18 research articles that collected end-user/potential end-user feedback on UDDT pilot projects in low- and lower-middle-income countries to better understand barriers and facilitators to adoption. Results show the main barriers to adoption were beliefs incompatible with UDDT by-product reuse, a lack of supporting infrastructure, high capital costs, and ineffective promotional communication strategies. The benefits promoted by the diffusion agency were often misaligned with the desires and interests of the potential adopters. Ensuring supporting infrastructure was in place and tailoring the promotional communications to the adopters’ perspectives facilitated UDDT adoption. The main facilitator was the perceived relative advantages of the UDDT over existing sanitation options, including fertilizer production. This indicates that safe treatment and reuse processes need to be implemented. Urine diversion was rarely mentioned as a barrier. These findings can help communities and organizations working to increase sanitation technology adoption in low-income, rural areas by better understanding common barriers and facilitators to adoption.
Low-cost onsite selection of suitable unplanted sand drying bed structure for faecal sludge treatment in less developed countries: A case study of Yaounde in Cameroon
Authors: Mbouendeu Lako Stephane , Emmanuel Ngnikam , Douken Josiane Sandrine Nindjieu , Tako Raissa Madjougang 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
There are lots of drying bed structures in the literature that are planted or unplanted but few indicate reasons behind their choice. As this technology is widely spread in less developed countries, identification and analysis of selection criteria for appropriate unplanted faecal sludge drying beds are necessary. This article analyses a case study in Yaounde for domestic septage over three bed structures for which sludge and percolates parameters are analyzed and treatment performance assessed through 10 technical criteria using a low-cost infrastructure with a minimal footprint. These are related to mass and volume reduction, organic and mineral pollution, as well as drainage capacity. The bed structure used is constituted of gravel and sand with 20–30 cm thickness. These beds recorded more than 85% reduction in organic and suspended matter and a 70% reduction in nitrates and lead concentration with at least 38% of dissolved material and chemicals removed. Considering the suggested criteria, a bed with 20 cm of gravel and 20 cm of sand was found to be the most efficient for material and pathogens removal. This method provides an interesting selection option with low-cost infrastructure, material, and operation for popular selection of suitable faecal sludge treatment technology in less developed countries.
Sensorimotor Alterations Induced by Novel Fentanyl Analogs in Mice:
Possible Impact on Human Driving Performances
Authors: Marti Matteo , Bilel Sabrine , Giorgetti Arianna , Tirri Micaela , Arfè Raffaella , Cristofori Virginia , Marchetti Beatrice , Corli Giorgia , Caruso Lorenzo , Zauli Giorgio , Giorgetti Raffaele 
Published: November 2022

Abstract:
Operating a vehicle is a complex task that requires multiple cognitive functions and psychomotor skills to cooperate. Driving might be impaired by licit or illicit drugs, including novel psychoactive substances (NPS) and novel synthetic opioids (NSO), the effects of which are still yet to be elucidated in humans. In the present work, a revision of the literature regarding the psychomotor impairing effects of Fentanyl (FENT) and three analogues (Acrylfentanyl, Ocfentanyl and Furanylfentanyl) is presented, as emerged by experimental studies on humans, driving under the influence of a drug (DUID) and intoxication cases. An experimental study on a mouse model evaluated the sensorimotor alterations induced by FENT and the three fentalogs. Acute systemic administration of the four opioids (0.01-15 mg/kg i.p.) dose-dependently decreased the visual object and placing tests, the acoustic and the tactile responses of mice. The preclinical data are in accordance with the data that emerged from the revision of the literature regarding experimental data on humans, driving under the influence of drugs and intoxication cases, suggesting that novel synthetic opioids might affect the psychomotor performances on daily human tasks with a particular focus on driving.
Amino Acids Profile in Children with Acute Brucellosis
Authors: Guzelcicek Ahmet , Bayraktar Nihayet , Bayraktar Mehmet 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Many new cases of brucella infections are seen in Turkey every year, especially in March, April, and May, due to the consumption of local unpasteurized cheese. Amino acids profiles have not been studied in brucellosis so far so far.

Aim:
The amino acid profiles may be affected by infectious diseases. Our study aims to evaluate the plasma amino acid profile in the progression of acute brucellosis.

Methods:
Plasma amino acid profile was performed by an 8045 LC-MS / MS device (Shimadzu 8045, Japan) using JASEM amino acid kit.

Results:
Analysis of 45 amino acid profiles was made and results profiles showed significant differences in concentrations and types of amino acids in brucella patients. We observed a significant difference in terms of alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, glutamine, glutamic acid, glycine, isoleucine, ornithine, phenylalanine, proline, tyrosine, valine, alpha-aminoadipic acid, alpha-amino-pimelic ac-id, argininosuccinic acid, gamma-aminobutyric acid, thiaproline, 1-methylhistidine, 3-methylhisti- dine, hydroxylysine, hydroxyproline, cystine, serotonin, ethanolamine, and taurine (p-value < 0.05 for each). No significant differences were determined regarding asparagine, citrulline, histidine, leucine, alloisoleucine, lysine, methionine, serine, threonine, tryptophan, anserine, alpha aminobu-tyric acid, beta aminoisobutyric acid, beta-alanine, cystathionine, histamine, and 5-oh-trp (p-value > 0.05 for all).

Conclusion:
Patients with brucellosis have a specific profile of amino acids which may reflect sequelae of pathological and metabolic biochemical changes in the disease process due to the growth of Brucella spp. in the human body leading to an imbalance of amino acid levels.
Scrotal Leiomyoma: A Case Report of a Rare Intra-Scrotal Benign Mass
Authors: Wang Peipei 
Published: November 2022

Introduction:
Scrotal leiomyoma is a rare benign mesenchymal neoplasm that originates
from smooth muscles. Up to now, the exact tumor properties remain unclear.

Case Presentation:
A 53-year-old male presented with intermittent mild pain and constant heaviness in
the right scrotum for 1 year. The physical examination revealed a 6.5 cm by 5.5 cm by 5.5 cm sized,
firm, mobile and non-tender lump within the inferior right scrotum. The ultrasound examination revealed
a well-circumscribed and heterogenous hypoechoic tumor. MR imaging showed isointense on
T1-weighted images, hypointense on T2-weighted images, and mild enhancement on post-contrast
sequences. Then, he received simple tumor excision and further pathological examination demonstrated
the diagnosis of typical leiomyoma.

Conclusion:
A full understanding of these rare tumor properties is the key to administering optimal
treatment.
Study of Photocatalytic Degradation and Simultaneous Removal of a
Mixture of Pollutant (MB and MG) Dyes: Kinetic and Adsorption Isotherm
Authors: Vaya Dipti , Kaushik Pritam , K  Rao Gyaneshwer 
Published: November 2022

Background:
The major challenges faced by developing countries are the issues associated with various pollutants, such as dyes, pesticides, heavy metals, etc. Various materials and methods are available for the removal of these pollutants. Major research works have been performed on single pollutants, and rarely any research literature is available for a mixture of pollutants. This is one of the major reasons to carry out our research work in this field.

Objectives:
This study aimed to develop an efficient ZnO/GO nanocomposite as a photocatalyst, characterize it by PXRD, FT-IR, and TGA, and evaluate its catalytic activity by degradation of MG, MB and a mixture of both

Methods:
In this study, GO was synthesized by the modified Hummers method. In this method, graphite powder was mixed with sulphuric acid and NaNO3. Then KMnO4 solution was added under continuous stirring. Excess KMnO4 was removed by H2O2 and the colour of the solution turned to be dark yellow. After proper washing and maintaining pH, the resulting material was dried at 60°C for 12h to obtain GO.
GO was dispersed in ethanol, and 0.387g Zn(CH3COO)2.2H2O was added to it. The resulting mixture was sonicated, and a solution of NH3 was added very slowly by maintaining the pH of the solution at ~7. The resulting product was dried at 80°C and then calcined at 500 °C for 2.5 h to get ZnO/GO nanocomposite.

Results:
The photodegradation of MG, MB and a mixture of MG and MB was found to be 92.23%, 35.96%, and 66.22%, respectively, in 4−5 h. The degradation of the dyes was found to follow Second-order kinetics with a multilayer absorption phenomenon.

Conclusion:
MB showed less degradation as compared to MG, but its photocatalytic activity enhanced after adding MG. This ZnO/GO nanocomposite seems to be a potential candidate to address the challenges associated with multi-pollutants, such as dyes.
Biomarkers For the Diagnosis of Depression: Recent Updates
Authors: Santosh Kore Mikhil , S. Prabhavalkar Kedar 
Published: November 2022

Abstract:
Depression, or major depressive disorder, is a mental illness that significantly affects psychosocial functioning and reduces the quality of one’s life. The annual incidence of depression throughout the globe is around 6%. The disorder should be diagnosed at a particular stage for the treatment to be designed. Biomarkers can help to do so with objective pieces of evidence. Various biomarkers like Imaging biomarkers, Molecular biomarkers, Transcriptomic biomarkers, Genetic biomarkers, Neuroendocrine, and Inflammatory biomarkers can be used to diagnose depression. The use of digital sensors has also been reported recently for the determination of depression. This review summarizes various biomarkers to diagnose depression. Further recent updates and related clinical trials are included.
Benefits of Early Implementation of Enteral Feeding in Ventilated COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review of Current Literature
Authors: Tucker Kelsey Dakota , Johnson Steven Wesley , Johnson Teresa , Hurt John 
Published: November 2022

Introduction:
COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) has swept destruction across the world and continues to cause significant morbidity and mortality. For critically ill patients requiring mechanical ventilation enteral feeding is typically required for nutritional support.

Method:
Due to the novelty of this virus, protocols have been aimed to mimic Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) patient nutritional support. There is limited data around the benefits of early enteral nutritional support for mechanically ventilated patients.

Result:
Data from two studies evaluated the use of enteral nutrition protocols in critically ill COVID-19 patients and revealed only minor significant differences in hospital course between early and late enteral feeding. There were better outcomes overall for COVID-19 patients who were able to tolerate enteral feeding compared to patients who were intolerant of enteral feeding.

Conclusion:
Future studies involving a baseline nutritional assessment may help clinicians better understand the role of early enteral nutrition support among mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients.
Implementasi kurikulum 2013 Pendidikan Jasmani Olahraga dan Kesehatan (PJOK) SD di Kabupaten Magelang
Authors: Susanta Agus Budi 
Published: November 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan hambatan-hambatan dan faktor pendukung dalam implementasi Kurikulum 2013 PJOK SD di Kabupaten Magelang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Sumber penelitian adalah guru PJOK SD di sekolah yang mengimplementasikan Kurikulum 2013 di Kabupaten Magelang. Objek dalam penelitian ini adalah persiapan pemerintah/sekolah dalam implementasi Kurikulum 2013, perencanaan, proses pelaksanaan, penilaian dalam pembelajaran serta buku teks dan sarana prasarana di sekolah. Instrumen dalam penelitian ini adalah peneliti itu sendiri dengan menggunakan alat bantu yaitu pedoman wawancara, dan dokumen/arsip. Data dianalisis menggunakan reduksi data, display data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Uji keabsahan data menggunakan triangulasi teknik dan sumber. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, 1) Guru sudah diberikan pelatihan-pelatihan oleh pemerintah tentang Kurikulum 2013 dan kemampuan mengoperasionalkan komputer, 2) Pelatihan khusus untuk guru PJOK belum ada, 3) Dalam pelaksanaan implementasi Kurikulum 2013 masih ada guru yang terkendala dalam berkomunikasi, 4) Guru masih mengalami kesulitan dalam melakukan penilaian, 5) Buku khusus untuk buku PJOK dalam kurikulum 2013 belum tersedia, dan 6) Hampir tiap sekolahan tidak memiliki halaman yang layak disebut sebagai lapangan olahraga. The implementation of curriculum 2013 for Physical Education, Sports, and Health (PESH) in elementary schools in Magelang regency Abstract: This study aims to reveal constraints and factors supporting the implementation of Curriculum 2013 of PESH in elementary schools (ESs) in the Magelang Regency. This was a descriptive qualitative study. The data sources were PESH teachers of ESs implementing Curriculum 2013 in Magelang Regency. The research objects included the government/school preparation for the implementation of Curriculum 2013, planning, implementation process, learning assessment, textbooks, and school infrastructure facilities. The research instrument was the researcher himself supplemented by interview guides and documents/archives. The data were analyzed through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The data trustworthiness was enhanced by technique and source triangulations. The research findings are as follows (1) In the planning of the implementation of Curriculum 2013 and the training on computer operation, (2) In the training there has not been special training for PESH teachers. 3) In the implementation of Curriculum 2013, in the learning process some teachers find constraints in the communication, 4) Teachers still encounter difficulties in the assessment, and 5) Textbooks based on Curriculum 2013 are not available yet. 6) Almost all schools do not have yards appropriate for sports fields.
Analisis teknik jalan cepat atlet Indonesia
Authors: Asih Margi , Lumintuarso Ria 
Published: November 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kinerja gerak teknik jalan cepat atlet Indonesia melalui analisis biomekanika olahraga di Jakarta tahun 2015. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif dengan variabel gerak teknik jalan cepat. Instrumen yang digunakan yaitu: (1) angket, yang berisi kisi-kisi analisis kinerja gerak teknik jalan cepat yang telah divalidasi oleh ahli biomekanika dan ahli atletik, (2) kamera, untuk melakukan pengamatan. Subjek penelitian dalam penelitian ini adalah atlet yang mengikuti Kejurnas atletik di Jakarta tahun 2015 yang berjumlah 18 atlet putra dan 11 atlet putri. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kinerja gerak teknik jalan cepat atlet indonesia berada pada kategori baik. Kinerja atlet putra pada front support phase berada pada kategori baik. Kinerja back support phase berada pada kategori baik. Kinerja double support phase berada pada kategori cukup baik. Kinerja atlet putri pada front support phase berada pada kategori baik. Kinerja back support phase berada pada kategori baik. Kinerja double support phase berada pada kategori baik. An analysis of Indonesian athletes’ race walking Abstract: This study aimed to analyze the performance of Indonesian athletes’ race walking technique movements through a sports biomechanics analysis in Jakarta in 2015. This was a quantitative descriptive study in which the variable was race walking technique movements. The instruments included: (1) a questionnaire containing a grid of an analysis of the performance of race walking technique movements that had been validated by a biomechanics expert and an athletics expert, and (2) a camera to conduct observations. The research subjects were race walking athletes joining the National Athletics Competition in Jakarta in 2015 with a total of 18 male athletes and 11 female athletes. The results of the study showed that the performance of Indonesian athletes’ race walking technique movements was good. The male athletes’ performance in the front support phase techniques was good. The back support phase techniques were good. The double support phase was techniques moderately good. The female athletes’ performance in the front support phase techniques was good. The back support phase techniques were good. The double support phase techniques were good.
Pengembangan alat bantu belajar gerak teknik dasar servis tenis untuk yunior pemula
Authors: Gani Ismail 
Published: November 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan sebuah alat bantu belajar teknik servis tenis yang efektif untuk meningkatkan teknik servis yunior pemula, yang memenuhi syarat edukatif, teknis, dan estetis. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dan pengembangan dengan tahapan meliputi menggali potensi dan masalah, pengumpulan informasi, rancangan produk, pembuatan produk, validasi produk, revisi produk, uji skala kecil, uji skala besar dan uji efektivitas. Subjek pada uji skala kecil terdiri dari dua orang pelatih dan delapan yunior pemula. Subjek pada skala besar terdiri dari empat pelatih tenis DIY, dan tiga belas yunior pemula. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa alat bantu servis yang dikembangkan berdasarkan syarat edukatif, teknik, dan estetika. Alat bantu servis yang dikembangkan dinyatakan layak oleh ahli tenis, ahli teknologi pembelajaran, ahli teknologi dan rekayasa dengan kategori “baik”, serta oleh pelatih dan yunior pemula dengan kategori “baik”. Alat bantu servis efektif untuk meningkatkan teknik servis yunior pemula dengan hasil kenaikan dengan rerata sebesar 13,06. Developing a learning aid to basic motions in tennis service techniques for junior beginners AbstractThis study aims to produce a learning aid to effective tennis service techniques to improve the serving techniques of junior beginners, relevant to the educational, technical, and esthetic requirements. This was a research and development study using the steps of potential and problem investigation, information collection, product design, product making, product validation, product revision, small-scale appropriateness testing, large-scale appropriateness testing, and effectiveness testing. The subjects in the small-scale testing were two coaches and eight junior beginners. The subjects in the large-scale testing were four tennis coaches of Yogyakarta Special Region and 13 junior beginners. The results of the study show that the junior beginner service aid is developed on the basis of the rules of educative, technical, and esthetic requirements. The developed service aid is appropriate for the tennis experts, learning technology experts, engineering experts with a good category, and a good category from the coaches and junior beginners. The serving aid is effective to improve junior beginners’ service techniques with an improvement of 13.06.