bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance of a Rotational Sensor to Decipher Volcano Seismic Signals on Etna, Italy
Authors: Eibl Eva P. S. , Rosskopf Martina , Sciotto Mariangela , Currenti Gilda , Di Grazia Giuseppe , Jousset Philippe , Krüger Frank , Weber Michael 
Published: May 2022

AbstractVolcano‐seismic signals such as long‐period events and tremor are important indicators for volcanic activity and unrest. However, their wavefield is complex and characterization and location using traditional seismological instrumentation is often difficult. In 2019 we recorded the full seismic wavefield using a newly developed 3C rotational sensor co‐located with a 3C traditional seismometer on Etna, Italy. We compare the performance of the rotational sensor, the seismometer and the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia‐Osservatorio Etneo (INGV‐OE) seismic network with respect to the analysis of complex volcano‐seismic signals. We create event catalogs for volcano‐tectonic (VT) and long‐period (LP) events combining a STA/LTA algorithm and cross‐correlations. The event detection based on the rotational sensor is as reliable as the seismometer‐based detection. The LP events are dominated by SH‐type waves. Derived SH phase velocities range from 500 to 1,000 m/s for LP events and 300–400 m/s for volcanic tremor. SH‐waves compose the tremor during weak volcanic activity and SH‐ and SV‐waves during sustained strombolian activity. We derive back azimuths using (a) horizontal rotational components and (b) vertical rotation rate and transverse acceleration. The estimated back azimuths are consistent with the INGV‐OE event location for (a) VT events with an epicentral distance larger than 3 km and some closer events, (b) LP events and tremor in the main crater area. Measuring the full wavefield we can reliably analyze the back azimuths, phase velocities and wavefield composition for VT, LP events and tremor in regions that are difficult to access such as volcanoes.
Survival of the Strong and Dense: Field Evidence for Rapid, Transport‐Dependent Bed Material Abrasion of Heterogeneous Source Lithology
Authors: Pfeiffer Allison M. , Morey Susannah , Karlsson Hannah M. , Fordham Edward M. , Montgomery David R. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBed material abrasion is a major control on the partitioning of basin‐scale sediment fluxes between coarse and fine material. While abrasion is traditionally treated as an exponential function of transport distance and a lithology‐specific abrasion coefficient, experimental studies have demonstrated greater complexity in the abrasion process: the rate of abrasion varies with clast angularity, transport rate, and grain size. Yet, few studies have attempted to assess the importance of these complexities in a field setting. Here, we develop a new method for rapidly quantifying baseline abrasion rate in the field via Schmidt Hammer Rock Strength. We use this method, along with measurements of gravel bar lithology, to quantify abrasion in the Suiattle River, a basin in the North Cascades of Washington State in which sediment supply to the channel is dominated by recurrent debris flows from a tributary draining Glacier Peak stratovolcano. Rapid downstream strengthening of river bar sediment and a preferential loss of weak, low‐density vesicular volcanic clasts relative to non‐vesicular ones suggest that abrasion is extremely effective in this system. The standard exponential model for downstream abrasion, using single‐lithology abrasion rates fails to reproduce observed downstream patterns in lithology and clast strength. Incorporating heterogeneity in source material strength as well as transport rate‐dependent abrasion largely resolves this failure. Further work is needed to develop a comprehensive quantitative framework for the dependence of bed material abrasion on grain size and transport rate.
Turbidity Currents Can Dictate Organic Carbon Fluxes Across River‐Fed Fjords: An Example From Bute Inlet (BC, Canada)
Authors: Hage S. , Galy V. V. , Cartigny M. J. B. , Heerema C. , Heijnen M. S. , Acikalin S. , Clare M. A. , Giesbrecht I. , Gröcke D. R. , Hendry A. , Hilton R. G. , Hubbard S. M. , Hunt J. E. , Lintern D. G. , McGhee C. , Parsons D. R. , Pope E. L. , Stacey C. D. , Sumner E. J. , Tank S. , Talling P. J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe delivery and burial of terrestrial particulate organic carbon (OC) in marine sediments is important to quantify, because this OC is a food resource for benthic communities, and if buried it may lower the concentrations of atmospheric CO2 over geologic timescales. Analysis of sediment cores has previously shown that fjords are hotspots for OC burial. Fjords can contain complex networks of submarine channels formed by seafloor sediment flows, called turbidity currents. However, the burial efficiency and distribution of OC by turbidity currents in river‐fed fjords had not been investigated previously. Here, we determine OC distribution and burial efficiency across a turbidity current system within Bute Inlet, a fjord in western Canada. We show that 62% ± 10% of the OC supplied by the two river sources is buried across the fjord surficial (30–200 cm) sediment. The sandy subenvironments (channel and lobe) contain 63% ± 14% of the annual terrestrial OC burial in the fjord. In contrast, the muddy subenvironments (overbank and distal basin) contain the remaining 37% ± 14%. OC in the channel, lobe, and overbank exclusively comprises terrestrial OC sourced from rivers. When normalized by the fjord’s surface area, at least 3 times more terrestrial OC is buried in Bute Inlet, compared to the muddy parts of other fjords previously studied. Although the long‐term (>100 years) preservation of this OC is still to be fully understood, turbidity currents in fjords appear to be efficient at storing OC supplied by rivers in their near‐surface deposits.
Virtual Height Characteristics of Ionospheric and Ground Scatter Observed by Mid‐Latitude SuperDARN HF Radars
Authors: Thomas E. G. , Shepherd S. G. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPropagation of high‐frequency (HF) radio signals is strongly dependent on the ionospheric electron density structure along a communications link. The ground‐based, HF space weather radars of the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) utilize the ionospheric refraction of transmitted signals to monitor the global circulation of E‐ and F‐region plasma irregularities. Previous studies have assessed the propagation characteristics of backscatter echoes from ionospheric irregularities in the auroral and polar regions of the Earth's ionosphere. By default, the geographic location of these echoes are found using empirical models which estimate the virtual backscattering height from the measured range along the radar signal path. However, the performance of these virtual height models has not yet been evaluated for mid‐latitude SuperDARN radar observations or for ground scatter (GS) propagation modes. In this study, we derive a virtual height model suitable for mid‐latitude SuperDARN observations using 5 years of data from the Christmas Valley East and West radars. This empirical model can be applied to both ionospheric and GS observations and provides an improved estimate of the ground range to the backscatter location compared to existing high‐latitude virtual height models. We also identify a region of overlapping half‐hop F‐region ionospheric scatter and one‐hop E‐region GS where the measured radar parameters (e.g., velocity, spectral width, elevation angle) are insufficient to discriminate between the two scatter types. Further studies are required to determine whether these backscatter echoes of ambiguous origin are observed by other mid‐latitude SuperDARN radars and their potential impact on scatter classification schemes.
Characterization of raloxifene as a potential pharmacological agent against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants
Authors: Iaconis Daniela , Bordi Licia , Matusali Giulia , Talarico Carmine , Manelfi Candida , Cesta Maria Candida , Zippoli Mara , Caccuri Francesca , Bugatti Antonella , Zani Alberto , Filippini Federica , Scorzolini Laura , Gobbi Marco , Beeg Marten , Piotti Arianna , Montopoli Monica , Cocetta Veronica , Bressan Silvia , Bucci Enrico M. , Caruso Arnaldo , Nicastri Emanuele , Allegretti Marcello , Beccari Andrea R. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent of the COVID-19 pandemic, which so far has caused over 6 million deaths in 2 years, despite new vaccines and antiviral medications. Drug repurposing, an approach for the potential application of existing pharmaceutical products to new therapeutic indications, could be an effective strategy to obtain quick answers to medical emergencies. Following a virtual screening campaign on the most relevant viral proteins, we identified the drug raloxifene, a known Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator (SERM), as a new potential agent to treat mild-to-moderate COVID-19 patients. In this paper we report a comprehensive pharmacological characterization of raloxifene in relevant in vitro models of COVID-19, specifically in Vero E6 and Calu-3 cell lines infected with SARS-CoV-2. A large panel of the most common SARS-CoV-2 variants isolated in Europe, United Kingdom, Brazil, South Africa and India was tested to demonstrate the drug’s ability in contrasting the viral cytopathic effect (CPE). Literature data support a beneficial effect by raloxifene against the viral infection due to its ability to interact with viral proteins and activate protective estrogen receptor-mediated mechanisms in the host cells. Mechanistic studies here reported confirm the significant affinity of raloxifene for the Spike protein, as predicted by in silico studies, and show that the drug treatment does not directly affect Spike/ACE2 interaction or viral internalization in infected cell lines. Interestingly, raloxifene can counteract Spike-mediated ADAM17 activation in human pulmonary cells, thus providing new insights on its mechanism of action. A clinical study in mild to moderate COVID-19 patients (NCT05172050) has been recently completed. Our contribution to evaluate raloxifene results on SARS-CoV-2 variants, and the interpretation of the mechanisms of action will be key elements to better understand the trial results, and to design new clinical studies aiming to evaluate the potential development of raloxifene in this indication.
Assessing the stability of Pd-exchanged sites in zeolites with the aid of a high throughput quantum chemistry workflow
Authors: Aljama Hassan A. , Head-Gordon Martin , Bell Alexis T. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCation exchanged-zeolites are functional materials with a wide range of applications from catalysis to sorbents. They present a challenge for computational studies using density functional theory due to the numerous possible active sites. From Al configuration, to placement of extra framework cation(s), to potentially different oxidation states of the cation, accounting for all these possibilities is not trivial. To make the number of calculations more tractable, most studies focus on a few active sites. We attempt to go beyond these limitations by implementing a workflow for a high throughput screening, designed to systematize the problem and exhaustively search for feasible active sites. We use Pd-exchanged CHA and BEA to illustrate the approach. After conducting thousands of explicit DFT calculations, we identify the sites most favorable for the Pd cation and discuss the results in detail. The high throughput screening identifies many energetically favorable sites that are non-trivial. Lastly, we employ these results to examine NO adsorption in Pd-exchanged CHA, which is a promising passive NOx adsorbent (PNA) during the cold start of automobiles. The results shed light on critical active sites for NOx capture that were not previously studied.
Synergy of Pd atoms and oxygen vacancies on In2O3 for methane conversion under visible light
Authors: Luo Lei , Fu Lei , Liu Huifen , Xu Youxun , Xing Jialiang , Chang Chun-Ran , Yang Dong-Yuan , Tang Junwang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMethane (CH4) oxidation to high value chemicals under mild conditions through photocatalysis is a sustainable and appealing pathway, nevertheless confronting the critical issues regarding both conversion and selectivity. Herein, under visible irradiation (420 nm), the synergy of palladium (Pd) atom cocatalyst and oxygen vacancies (OVs) on In2O3nanorods enables superior photocatalytic CH4activation by O2. The optimized catalyst reaches ca. 100 μmol h−1of C1 oxygenates, with a selectivity of primary products (CH3OH and CH3OOH) up to 82.5%. Mechanism investigation elucidates that such superior photocatalysis is induced by the dedicated function of Pd single atoms and oxygen vacancies on boosting hole and electron transfer, respectively. O2is proven to be the only oxygen source for CH3OH production, while H2O acts as the promoter for efficient CH4activation through ·OH production and facilitates product desorption as indicated by DFT modeling. This work thus provides new understandings on simultaneous regulation of both activity and selectivity by the synergy of single atom cocatalysts and oxygen vacancies.
Serotonin limits generation of chromaffin cells during adrenal organ development
Authors: Kameneva Polina , Melnikova Victoria I. , Kastriti Maria Eleni , Kurtova Anastasia , Kryukov Emil , Murtazina Aliia , Faure Louis , Poverennaya Irina , Artemov Artem V. , Kalinina Tatiana S. , Kudryashov Nikita V. , Bader Michael , Skoda Jan , Chlapek Petr , Curylova Lucie , Sourada Lukas , Neradil Jakub , Tesarova Marketa , Pasqualetti Massimo , Gaspar Patricia , Yakushov Vasily D. , Sheftel Boris I. , Zikmund Tomas , Kaiser Jozef , Fried Kaj , Alenina Natalia , Voronezhskaya Elena E. , Adameyko Igor 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAdrenal glands are the major organs releasing catecholamines and regulating our stress response. The mechanisms balancing generation of adrenergic chromaffin cells and protecting against neuroblastoma tumors are still enigmatic. Here we revealed that serotonin (5HT) controls the numbers of chromaffin cells by acting upon their immediate progenitor “bridge” cells via 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A (HTR3A), and the aggressive HTR3Ahigh human neuroblastoma cell lines reduce proliferation in response to HTR3A-specific agonists. In embryos (in vivo), the physiological increase of 5HT caused a prolongation of the cell cycle in “bridge” progenitors leading to a smaller chromaffin population and changing the balance of hormones and behavioral patterns in adulthood. These behavioral effects and smaller adrenals were mirrored in the progeny of pregnant female mice subjected to experimental stress, suggesting a maternal-fetal link that controls developmental adaptations. Finally, these results corresponded to a size-distribution of adrenals found in wild rodents with different coping strategies.
Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans prevent immune cell phenotypic conversion and inflammation resolution via TLR4 in rodent models of spinal cord injury
Authors: Francos-Quijorna Isaac , Sánchez-Petidier Marina , Burnside Emily R. , Badea Smaranda R. , Torres-Espin Abel , Marshall Lucy , de Winter Fred , Verhaagen Joost , Moreno-Manzano Victoria , Bradbury Elizabeth J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractChondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) act as potent inhibitors of axonal growth and neuroplasticity after spinal cord injury (SCI). Here we reveal that CSPGs also play a critical role in preventing inflammation resolution by blocking the conversion of pro-inflammatory immune cells to a pro-repair phenotype in rodent models of SCI. We demonstrate that enzymatic digestion of CSPG glycosaminoglycans enhances immune cell clearance and reduces pro-inflammatory protein and gene expression profiles at key resolution time points. Analysis of phenotypically distinct immune cell clusters revealed CSPG-mediated modulation of macrophage and microglial subtypes which, together with T lymphocyte infiltration and composition changes, suggests a role for CSPGs in modulating both innate and adaptive immune responses after SCI. Mechanistically, CSPG activation of a pro-inflammatory phenotype in pro-repair immune cells was found to be TLR4-dependent, identifying TLR4 signalling as a key driver of CSPG-mediated immune modulation. These findings establish CSPGs as critical mediators of inflammation resolution failure after SCI in rodents, which leads to prolonged inflammatory pathology and irreversible tissue destruction.
Risk caused by the propagation of earthquake losses through the economy
Authors: León J. A. , Ordaz M. , Haddad E. , Araújo I. F. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe economy of a country is exposed to disruptions caused by natural and man-made disasters. Here we present a set of probabilistic risk indicators, the Average Annual Loss (AAL) and the Loss Exceedance Curve (LEC), regarding to production, employment, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Gross Regional Product (GRP), export volume, inflation, tariff revenue, among others, due to earthquakes. All indicators are computed using a systematic probabilistic approach, which integrates the seismic risk assessment with spatial computable general equilibrium models, both robust and well-known frameworks used worldwide in their respective fields. Our approach considers the induced damage and frequency of occurrence of a vast collection of events that collectively describe the entire seismic hazard of a country, giving us a better and more complete understanding of the full consequence of earthquakes. We illustrate this approach with an example developed for Chile.
Modulating inherent lewis acidity at the intergrowth interface of mortise-tenon zeolite catalyst
Authors: Wang Huiqiu , Shen Boyuan , Chen Xiao , Xiong Hao , Wang Hongmei , Song Wenlong , Cui Chaojie , Wei Fei , Qian Weizhong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe acid sites of zeolite are important local structures to control the products in the chemical conversion. However, it remains a great challenge to precisely design the structures of acid sites, since there are still lack the controllable methods to generate and identify them with a high resolution. Here, we use the lattice mismatch of the intergrown zeolite to enrich the inherent Lewis acid sites (LASs) at the interface of a mortise-tenon ZSM-5 catalyst (ZSM-5-MT) with a 90° intergrowth structure. ZSM-5-MT is formed by two perpendicular blocks that are atomically resolved by integrated differential phase contrast scanning transmission electron microscopy (iDPC-STEM). It can be revealed by various methods that novel framework-associated Al (AlFR) LASs are generated in ZSM-5-MT. Combining the iDPC-STEM results with other characterizations, we demonstrate that the partial missing of O atoms at interfaces results in the formation of inherent AlFRLASs in ZSM-5-MT. As a result, the ZSM-5-MT catalyst shows a higher selectivity of propylene and butene than the single-crystal ZSM-5 in the steady conversion of methanol. These results provide an efficient strategy to design the Lewis acidity in zeolite catalysts for tailored functions via interface engineering.
Biogenesis of a bacterial metabolosome for propanediol utilization
Authors: Yang Mengru , Wenner Nicolas , Dykes Gregory F. , Li Yan , Zhu Xiaojun , Sun Yaqi , Huang Fang , Hinton Jay C. D. , Liu Lu-Ning 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBacterial metabolosomes are a family of protein organelles in bacteria. Elucidating how thousands of proteins self-assemble to form functional metabolosomes is essential for understanding their significance in cellular metabolism and pathogenesis. Here we investigate the de novo biogenesis of propanediol-utilization (Pdu) metabolosomes and characterize the roles of the key constituents in generation and intracellular positioning of functional metabolosomes. Our results demonstrate that the Pdu metabolosome undertakes both “Shell first” and “Cargo first” assembly pathways, unlike the β-carboxysome structural analog which only involves the “Cargo first” strategy. Shell and cargo assemblies occur independently at the cell poles. The internal cargo core is formed through the ordered assembly of multiple enzyme complexes, and exhibits liquid-like properties within the metabolosome architecture. Our findings provide mechanistic insight into the molecular principles driving bacterial metabolosome assembly and expand our understanding of liquid-like organelle biogenesis.
Chirality locking charge density waves in a chiral crystal
Authors: Li Geng , Yang Haitao , Jiang Peijie , Wang Cong , Cheng Qiuzhen , Tian Shangjie , Han Guangyuan , Shen Chengmin , Lin Xiao , Lei Hechang , Ji Wei , Wang Ziqiang , Gao Hong-Jun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn Weyl semimetals, charge density wave (CDW) order can spontaneously break the chiral symmetry, gap out the Weyl nodes, and drive the material into the axion insulating phase. Investigations have however been limited since CDWs are rarely seen in Weyl semimetals. Here, using scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/S), we report the discovery of a novel unidirectional CDW order on the (001) surface of chiral crystal CoSi – a unique Weyl semimetal with unconventional chiral fermions. The CDW is incommensurate with both lattice momentum and crystalline symmetry directions, and exhibits an intra unit cell π phase shift in the layer stacking direction. The tunneling spectrum shows a particle-hole asymmetric V-shaped energy gap around the Fermi level that modulates spatially with the CDW wave vector. Combined with first-principle calculations, we identify that the CDW is locked to the crystal chirality and is related by a mirror reflection between the two enantiomers of the chiral crystal. Our findings reveal a novel correlated topological quantum state in chiral CoSi crystals and raise the potential for exploring the unprecedented physical behaviors of unconventional chiral fermions.
Cell type-specific biotin labeling in vivo resolves regional neuronal and astrocyte proteomic differences in mouse brain
Authors: Rayaprolu Sruti , Bitarafan Sara , Santiago Juliet V. , Betarbet Ranjita , Sunna Sydney , Cheng Lihong , Xiao Hailian , Nelson Ruth S. , Kumar Prateek , Bagchi Pritha , Duong Duc M. , Goettemoeller Annie M. , Oláh Viktor János , Rowan Matt , Levey Allan I. , Wood Levi B. , Seyfried Nicholas T. , Rangaraju Srikant 
Published: May 2022

AbstractProteomic profiling of brain cell types using isolation-based strategies pose limitations in resolving cellular phenotypes representative of their native state. We describe a mouse line for cell type-specific expression of biotin ligase TurboID, for in vivo biotinylation of proteins. Using adenoviral and transgenic approaches to label neurons, we show robust protein biotinylation in neuronal soma and axons throughout the brain, allowing quantitation of over 2000 neuron-derived proteins spanning synaptic proteins, transporters, ion channels and disease-relevant druggable targets. Next, we contrast Camk2a-neuron and Aldh1l1-astrocyte proteomes and identify brain region-specific proteomic differences within both cell types, some of which might potentially underlie the selective vulnerability to neurological diseases. Leveraging the cellular specificity of proteomic labeling, we apply an antibody-based approach to uncover differences in neuron and astrocyte-derived signaling phospho-proteins and cytokines. This approach will facilitate the characterization of cell-type specific proteomes in a diverse number of tissues under both physiological and pathological states.