bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of aurora kinase B in regulating resistance to paclitaxel in breast cancer cells
Authors: Liu Min , Li Yinan , Zhang Cui , Zhang Qing 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAurora kinase B (AURKB) is a type of functional kinase with primary functions of participating in cell mitosis, which has been identified to be involved in the occurrence and development of malignant tumors strongly. However, it still remains a controversial with respect to the relationship between the phosphorylation level of AURKB and its function. In our initial research, there was no significant difference in the relative content of AURKB protein between drug-resistant breast cancer cells and wild-type cells; however, its phosphorylation level in drug-resistant cells was significantly higher than that in wild-type cells. Subsequent cell and animal experiments both confirmed the positive correlation between AURKB phosphorylation and drug resistance. Furthermore, PRKCE in the upstream was identified to regulate the phosphorylation of AURKB, which promoted the change of spatial localization of AURKB from nucleus to cytoplasm. Accordingly, phosphorylated AURKB reduced the negative regulation of downstream RAB27B transcription physically, and interacted with RAB27B in cytoplasm to maintain its protein stability. Eventually, it promoted exosome secretion of drug-resistant cells and drug efflux. Using shRNA to knockdown AURKB expression, using hesperadin to inhibit AURKB activity, mutating the AURKB phosphorylation site, or using siRNA as well as BIM to inhibit the activity of the upstream AURKB phosphorylation regulatory protein PRKCE, all of which directly or indirectly reduce AURKB phosphorylation, are effective in reversing PTX resistance in cells. Collectively, this study provides experimental evidence for PRKCE/AURKB/RAB27B axis in regulating the resistance to paclitaxel (PTX) in breast cancer cells, offering a potential intervention target for reversing drug resistance.
NZ-RugbyHealth Study: Self-reported Injury Experience and Current Health of Former Rugby Union and Non-contact Sport Players
Authors: Hume Patria A. , Quarrie Kenneth L. , Lewis Gwyn N. , Theadom Alice 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
There is limited research on associations between playing rugby union and player health post-retirement.

Objective
This study investigated differences in self-reported sport injury history and current self-reported health characteristics between former New Zealand rugby and non-contact sport players with a view to identifying issues to be further investigated with stronger epidemiological research designs.

Methods
Using a cross-sectional design, the NZ-RugbyHealth study surveyed 470 former rugby and non-contact sport players (43.8 ± 8.1 years; 127 elite rugby, 271 community rugby, 72 non-contact sport) recruited from October 2012 to April 2014. Demographic information, engagement in sport, sport injuries, medical conditions, mood, alcohol and substance use and ratings of current health status were obtained from a self-report 58-item general health e-questionnaire. We highlighted standardised differences in means of > 0.6 and differences in relative percentages of > 1.43 for variables between groups as representing at least moderate effect sizes, and of being worthy of follow-up studies.

Results
Higher percentages of the elite rugby player group had sustained injuries of a given body-site type (e.g. neck sprain/strain, thigh bruising, hamstring strain) combination than the non-contact sports players. Higher percentages of the rugby groups reported having sustained concussion (94% for elite, 82% for community, 26% for non-contact), injuries requiring hospitalisation (73%, 46%, 25%), injuries that stopped participation in sport permanently (28%, 28%, 11%) and sport-related surgery (72%, 46%, 32%) during their playing career. Both rugby groups had a higher prevalence of osteoarthritis (37%, 18%, 6%) than non-contact athletes and community rugby players had higher levels of hazardous alcohol consumption (38%, 40%, 25%) in retirement than non-contact athletes. There was little difference between rugby players and non-contact sports athletes in self-reported mood, substance use and current physical or psychological health ratings.

Conclusions
Former rugby player groups were at higher risk than the non-contact player group for most injuries during their playing careers, and in retirement had greater prevalence of osteoarthritis and hazardous alcohol consumption. The relative youth of the groups (43.8 years on average) means that health issues that typically do not emerge until later life may not have yet manifested.
Pin-bearing mechanical behaviour of continuous reinforced Kevlar fibre composite fabricated via fused filament fabrication
Authors: Giorleo L. , Papa I. , Silvestri A. T. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this study, the pin bearing behaviour of a 3D printed composite material with Kevlar reinforcement was analysed. Three different experimental tests were designed to determine the effects of fibre orientation, layer design, and fibre distribution along the specimen thickness. Furthermore, the pin-bearing strength and stiffness were analysed using statistical methods as analysis of variance. The results indicate a significant increase in bearing strength and stiffness for at least two fibre orientations, i.e. 0°and 90° with respect to the pin displacement. The results also highlight a no significant variation of strength and stiffness for parts produced adopting a mixed or single fibre orientation; finally, the findings do not indicate any significant influence of the fibre layer position inside the specimen, i.e. this parameter does not limit the freedom when designing a fibre-reinforced part.
Unknown ingestion of dentures – Review and description of a case report
Authors: Salvador David , Pratas Nuno , Capote Hugo 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Foreign-body ingestion is a common occurrence in the Emergency Department (ED) and numerous types of objects have been implicated. Most of the foreign bodies pass through the GI system without any lesion but there's always a risk of impaction and perforation requiring surgery.
The aim of the article and clinical case described is to provide a brief review of the diagnosis and management of foreign body ingestion. With this case report, the author raises awareness to the fact that the diagnostic is often elusive since even mentally capable patients might not notice or refer about ingestion of foreign bodies, especially dentures.

Case presentation:
52-year-old female patient who presents to the ER with sudden onset of generalized abdominal pain localizing to the right lower quadrant with no history of foreign body ingestion. Clinically with signs of peritonism localised to the RLQ. Diagnosis of impaction by a foreign body ingestion was made with CT scan and clearly identified with 3D reconstruction of the CT scan. Proposed for urgent laparoscopy to remove FB and prevent perforation. However, minimal access surgery was unfeasible and even the laparotomy was difficulted by previous abdominal wall repair. Even so, the FB was retrieved after enterotomy and both the surgery and post op period recovery were uneventful.

Discussion:
The clinical presentation of an impacted/perforated foreign body in the bowel is not always straightforward, often simulating other acute abdominal urgencies such as appendicitis and diverticulitis. The most valuable method to locate the FB's and diagnose complications is the CT scan. The mainstay of management is the surgical removal of the foreign body in the bowel through minimal access surgery (laparoscopy) or laparotomy, if necessary.

Conclusion:
Even though foreign body ingestion is a very common phenomenon, most of the time is harmless and no medical care is necessary. However, when it does occur, the diagnosis of a related complication may be elusive when no suspicion is brought on by clinical history. When presented with a patient with unexplained abdominal pain, the ingestion of foreign object should be present in the differential diagnosis. Minimal Invasive surgical treatment is first option, but laparotomy might prove to be necessary.

Highlights
Medullary thyroid carcinoma with normal serum calcitonin and carcinoembryonic levels; a case with review of literature
Authors: Salh Abdulwahid M. , Ahmed Shaho F. , Oma Sami S. , Hassan Shko H. , Mohammed Shvan H. , Kakamad Fahmi H. 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a primary neuroendocrine tumor originating from parafollicular C cells of the thyroid gland. The aim of the current study is to report a case of MTC with normal calcitonin level.

Case report:
A49-year-old male presented with a strong family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma. On ultrasound examination, the thyroid gland appeared to have a normal size but there was a well-defined solid nodule with macrocalcification, increased peri nodular vascularity and TR4. In the left thyroid lobe, mid and lower third, two adjacent nodules were seen. On blood investigations there were normal calcitonin (0.531 pg./ml) and carcinoembryonic antigen (0.984 ng/ml) levels. Total thyroidectomy was performed and the histopathological examination of the specimen revealed multifocal bilateral medullary thyroid carcinoma.

Discussion:
Sporadic MTC is usually unilateral, while hereditary form is bilateral. To date, only a few cases of MTC associated with normal calcitonin level have been reported. Some studies suggested that the pathophysiology of Calcitonin-negative medullary thyroid carcinoma (CTNMTC) is due to the dedifferentiation of the tumor.

Conclusion:
The accurate pathophysiology of medullary thyroid cancer is still unclear. More awareness regarding MTC with normal calcitonin level is required in clinical practice.

Highlights
A high-pinning-Type-II superconducting maglev for ICF target delivery: main principles, material options and demonstration models
Authors: Aleksandrova I. V. , Koresheva E. R. , Koshelev E. L. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Nowadays, inertial confinement fusion (ICF) research related to noncontact positioning and transport of free-standing cryogenic targets is playing an increasingly important role in this field. The operational principle behind these technologies is the magnetic acceleration of the levitating target carrier (or sabot) made from Type-II, high-temperature superconductors (HTSCs). The physics of interaction among levitation, guidance and propulsion systems is based on a quantum levitation of high-pinning HTSCs in the mutually normal magnetic fields. This paper discusses current target delivery strategies and future perspectives to create different permanent magnet guideway (PMG) systems for ICF target transport with levitation. In particular, several PMG building options for optimizing both suspension and levitation of ICF targets using an HTSC-sabot will be analyzed. Credible solutions have been demonstrated for both linear and round PMGs, including the ones with a cyclotron acceleration process to realize high-running velocities of the HTSC-sabot for a limited magnetic track. Focusing on physics, we describe in detail the main aspects of the PMG building and the results obtained from computations and proof of principle experiments. High-pinning HTSC magnetic levitation promises a stable and self-controlled levitation to accelerate the ICF targets placed in the HTSC-sabots up to the required injection velocities of 200 m/s and beyond.
Development and evaluation of a structured guide to assess the preventability of hospital-onset bacteremia and fungemia
Authors: Schrank Gregory M. , Sick-Samuels Anna , Bleasdale Susan C. , Jacob Jesse T. , Dantes Raymund , Gokhale Runa H. , Mayer Jeanmarie , Mehrotra Preeti , Mehta Sapna A. , Mena Lora Alfredo J. , Ray Susan M. , Rhee Chanu , Salinas Jorge L. , Seo Susan K. , Shane Andi L. , Nadimpalli Gita , Milstone Aaron M. , Robinson Gwen , Brown Clayton H. , Harris Anthony D. , Leekha Surbhi ,   for the CDC Prevention Epicenters Program
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjective:To assess preventability of hospital-onset bacteremia and fungemia (HOB), we developed and evaluated a structured rating guide accounting for intrinsic patient and extrinsic healthcare-related risks.Design:HOB preventability rating guide was compared against a reference standard expert panel.Participants:A 10-member panel of clinical experts was assembled as the standard of preventability assessment, and 2 physician reviewers applied the rating guide for comparison.Methods:The expert panel independently rated 82 hypothetical HOB scenarios using a 6-point Likert scale collapsed into 3 categories: preventable, uncertain, or not preventable. Consensus was defined as concurrence on the same category among ≥70% experts. Scenarios without consensus were deliberated and followed by a second round of rating.Two reviewers independently applied the rating guide to adjudicate the same 82 scenarios in 2 rounds, with interim revisions. Interrater reliability was evaluated using the κ (kappa) statistic.Results:Expert panel consensus criteria were met for 52 scenarios (63%) after 2 rounds.After 2 rounds, guide-based rating matched expert panel consensus in 40 of 52 (77%) and 39 of 52 (75%) cases for reviewers 1 and 2, respectively. Agreement rates between the 2 reviewers were 84% overall (κ, 0.76; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.64–0.88]) and 87% (κ, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.65–0.94) for the 52 scenarios with expert consensus.Conclusions:Preventability ratings of HOB scenarios by 2 reviewers using a rating guide matched expert consensus in most cases with moderately high interreviewer reliability. Although diversity of expert opinions and uncertainty of preventability merit further exploration, this is a step toward standardized assessment of HOB preventability.
Prevalence of deficiency-zero reaction networks in an Erdös–Rényi framework
Authors: Anderson David F. , Nguyen Tung D. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractReaction networks are commonly used within the mathematical biology and mathematical chemistry communities to model the dynamics of interacting species. These models differ from the typical graphs found in random graph theory since their vertices are constructed from elementary building blocks, i.e. the species. We consider these networks in an Erdös–Rényi framework and, under suitable assumptions, derive a threshold function for the network to have a deficiency of zero, which is a property of great interest in the reaction network community. Specifically, if the number of species is denoted by n and the edge probability by
$p_n$
, then we prove that the probability of a random binary network being deficiency zero converges to 1 if
$p_n\ll r(n)$
as
$n \to \infty$
, and converges to 0 if
$p_n \gg r(n)$
as
$n \to \infty$
, where
$r(n)=\frac{1}{n^3}$
.
An autonomous navigation approach for unmanned vehicle in outdoor unstructured terrain with dynamic and negative obstacles
Authors: Zhou Bo , Yi Jianjun , Zhang Xinke , Chen Liwei , Yang Ding , Han Fei , Zhang Hanmo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAt present, the study on autonomous unmanned ground vehicle navigation in an unstructured environment is still facing great challenges and is of great significance in scenarios where search and rescue robots, planetary exploration robots, and agricultural robots are needed. In this paper, we proposed an autonomous navigation method for unstructured environments based on terrain constraints. Efficient path search and trajectory optimization on octree map are proposed to generate trajectories, which can effectively avoid various obstacles in off-road environments, such as dynamic obstacles and negative obstacles, to reach the specified destination. We have conducted empirical experiments in both simulated and real environments, and the results show that our approach achieved superior performance in dynamic obstacle avoidance tasks and mapless navigation tasks compared to the traditional 2-dimensional or 2.5-dimensional navigation methods.
Optimal robot-world and hand-eye calibration with rotation and translation coupling
Authors: Wang Xiao , Song Hanwen 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA classic hand-eye system involves hand-eye calibration and robot-world and hand-eye calibration. Insofar as hand-eye calibration can solve only hand-eye transformation, this study aims to determine the robot-world and hand-eye transformations simultaneously based on the robot-world and hand-eye equation. According to whether the rotation part and the translation part of the equation are decoupled, the methods can be divided into separable solutions and simultaneous solutions. The separable solutions solve the rotation part before solving the translation part, so the estimated errors of the rotation will be transferred to the translation. In this study, a method was proposed for calculation with rotation and translation coupling; a closed-form solution based on Kronecker product and an iterative solution based on the Gauss–Newton algorithm were involved. The feasibility was further tested using simulated data and real data, and the superiority was verified by comparison with the results obtained by the available method. Finally, we improved a method that can solve the singularity problem caused by the parameterization of the rotation matrix, which can be widely used in the robot-world and hand-eye calibration. The results show that the prediction errors of rotation and translation based on the proposed method be reduced to
$0.26^\circ$
and
$1.67$
mm, respectively.
A democratic program for healing: The Raspail domestic medicine method in 1840s France
Authors: Guillemain Hervé 
Published: January 2022

ArgumentRaspail’s domestic medicine method, popularized in 1840s France, has similarities with the practices of nineteenth century non-academic healers. His mass marketing of camphor as a universal treatment echoes the practices of “charlatans” and their circles. But Raspail is also very original in this history of popular care. As a scientist, a popularizer of encyclopedic knowledge and a political activist, he managed to blur traditional distinctions between science and politics and between popular and learned medicine. Raspail was a constant thorn in the side of academic institutions and professional organizations, which were struggling to gain legitimacy. His work took a political turn when he combined, within a single project, his approach to treatment and his call for democratizing medical care. Raspail’s method challenged institutional norms by acknowledging the importance of the patient’s contribution to the healing process, and recognizing the necessity of thwarting the occasionally deleterious effects of monopolistic medicalization.
Die Gesichtsmaske verbirgt die Gefühlslage
Authors: Hodler Ruth , Galliker Isabelle , Schlegel Claudia 
Published: January 2022

Zusammenfassung. Simulationstrainings sind in der Pflegeausbildung eine wirksame Methode, um Gelerntes praktisch umzusetzen. Allerdings erschwert das Tragen von Gesichtsmasken die Verständigung zwischen Schau­spielpatienten (auch Simulationspatienten oder Simulationspersonen genannt), deren Rollentrainerinnen und Studierenden. Das Berner Bildungszentrum Pflege hat die Auswirkungen untersucht und die Beteiligten befragt.
Increasing Frequency of Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storms in the North Indian Ocean by Anthropogenic Warming and Southwest Monsoon Weakening
Authors: Swapna Panickal , Sreeraj P. , Sandeep N. , Jyoti J. , Krishnan R. , Prajeesh A. G. , Ayantika D. C. , Manmeet S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractNorth Indian Ocean (NIO) has shown an increase in the frequency of extremely severe and higher‐category cyclonic storms (ESCS), with maximum frequency during May. Analyses of data sets and coupled model experiments reveal that anomalous increase in Potential intensity (PI) and ocean heat‐content with higher increase during May and weakening summer monsoon circulation has led to increasing ESCS with peak frequency during May. PI is a function of environmental conditions that influence thermodynamic atmosphere–ocean disequilibrium and thermodynamic efficiency. Increase in air‐sea disequilibrium by the accelerated warming of NIO dominates the PI trend, contributes more than 70% of PI trend, remaining by the thermodynamic efficiency from increased tropical‐tropopause layer cooling. Additionally, weakening of summer monsoon circulation weakens vertical wind‐shear, weakens southward ocean heat‐transport and enhances heat accumulation, leading to increase in ESCS. Projected changes in PI and wind‐shear may further increase ESCS, making densely populated NIO region vulnerable to climate change.
Relationship Between Size and Intensity in North Atlantic Tropical Cyclones With Steady Radii of Maximum Wind
Authors: Ruan Zhenxin , Wu Qiaoyan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractInfrared brightness temperature and tropical cyclone (TC) data from 2000 to 2018 were used to investigate the relationships between the radius of maximum wind (RMW), radius of gale‐force winds (34 kt or 17 m/s; R34), and intensity for intensifying and expanding North Atlantic TCs. Different relationships between intensity and R34 were found for different RMWs. Very deep convective clouds with infrared brightness temperatures ≤208 K are mainly observed on the outer edge of the RMW when it is stable. In such a case, the TC intensifies and R34 expands rapidly when very deep convective clouds occur in both the inner and outer regions, and thus a linear relationship between the intensity and R34 occurs when the RMW is stable.
Long‐Term Moored Current and Temperature Measurements of the Atlantic Inflow Into the Nordic Seas in the Norwegian Atlantic Current; 1995–2020
Authors: Orvik Kjell Arild 
Published: January 2022

AbstractInterannual variability of the Atlantic inflow (AI) into the Nordic Seas is studied using moored current and temperature measurements in the Norwegian Atlantic Current during the 25‐year period 1995–2020. We show that the properties of the AI are strongly connected to the dynamics of the Northern Atlantic and demonstrate the robustness of the average winter wind field in driving the variability with 3‐month winter maxima in the range of (40–50) cms−1. In that sense, the zero‐wind‐stress‐curl (ZWSC)‐lines aligned northeastward are crucial. Occasional events with slowdown of winter‐maxima are connected to a meridional and zonal shift of the ZWSC‐lines, and not the strength of the wind. This is manifested in a correlation of 0.3 versus the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) winter‐index, demonstrating that the NAO‐index is insufficient to explain the AI‐variability. The records show no long‐term‐trend over the 25‐year period 1995–2020, regarding volume flux, temperature, nor temperature flux.
Increased Erosion Rates Following the Onset of Pleistocene Periglaciation at Bear Meadows, Pennsylvania, USA
Authors: Del Vecchio J. , DiBiase R. A. , Corbett L. B. , Bierman P. R. , Caffee M. W. , Ivory S. J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDirect measurements of erosional response to past climate change are scarce, but mid‐latitude landscapes can record how shifts between cold and warm periods altered erosion outside glacial margins. To study hillslope responses to periglaciation, we measured bulk geochemistry and cosmogenic 10Be and 26Al concentrations in colluvium and weathered bedrock in an 18 m regolith core from Bear Meadows, Pennsylvania, ∼100 km south of maximum glacial extent. Using core lithology, cosmogenic nuclide concentrations, and regional 10Be‐derived erosion rates, we show the onset of 100‐Kyr glacial cycles at the Mid‐Pleistocene Transition (1.2–0.7 Ma) instigated multiple periglacial episodes in central Appalachia, increasing erosion rates compared to the relatively warmer Neogene. Our results show the higher efficiency of periglacial versus temperate erosion processes and highlight a pervasive Pleistocene periglacial erosion signal preserved in the 10Be inventory of surface sediments in central Appalachia, where erosion rates are slow enough to integrate previous cold‐climate processes.