bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical experience of volumetric‐modulated flattening filter free stereotactic body radiation therapy of lesions in the lung with deep inspiration breath‐hold
Authors: Mørkeset Siri T. , Lervåg Christoffer , Lund Jo‐Åsmund , Jensen Christer 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis clinical study aimed to evaluate lung cancer patients’ ability to perform deep inspiration breath‐hold (DIBH) during CT simulation and throughout the treatment course of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). In addition, target sizes, organ at risk (OAR) sizes, and doses to the respective volumes in filter‐free volumetric‐modulated arc therapy plans performed under free‐breathing (FB) and DIBH conditions were evaluated. Twenty‐one patients with peripheral lesions were included, of which 13 were eligible for SBRT. All patients underwent training for breath‐hold during CT, and if they complied with the requirements, two CT scans were obtained: CT scan in DIBH and a four‐dimensional CT scan in FB. The treatment plans in FB and DIBH were generated, and the dose parameters and volume sizes were compared. The endpoints for evaluation were patient compliance, target dose coverage, and doses to the OARs. This clinical study showed high patient DIBH compliance during both CT simulation and treatment for patients with lung cancer. A significant reduction in target volumes was achieved with SBRT in DIBH, in addition to significantly decreased doses to the heart, chest wall, and lungs. DIBH in SBRT of lung lesions is feasible, and a routine to manage intra‐fractional deviation should be established upon implementation.
Advances in 3D Bioprinting for Cancer Biology and Precision Medicine: From Matrix Design to Application
Authors: Jung MoonSun , Ghamrawi Sarah , Du Eric Y. , Gooding J. Justin , Kavallaris Maria 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe tumor microenvironment is highly complex owing to its heterogeneous composition and dynamic nature. This makes tumors difficult to replicate using traditional 2D cell culture models that are frequently used for studying tumor biology and drug screening. This often leads to poor translation of results between in vitro and in vivo and is reflected in the extremely low success rates of new candidate drugs delivered to the clinic. Therefore, there has been intense interest in developing 3D tumor models in the laboratory that are representative of the in vivo tumor microenvironment and patient samples. 3D bioprinting is an emerging technology that enables the biofabrication of structures with the virtue of providing accurate control over distribution of cells, biological molecules, and matrix scaffolding. This technology has the potential to bridge the gap between in vitro and in vivo by closely recapitulating the tumor microenvironment. Here, a brief overview of the tumor microenvironment is provided and key considerations in biofabrication of tumor models are discussed. Bioprinting techniques and choice of bioinks for both natural and synthetic polymers are also outlined. Lastly, current bioprinted tumor models are reviewed and the perspectives of how clinical applications can greatly benefit from 3D bioprinting technologies are offered.
Percolated Plasmonic Superlattices of Nanospheres with 1 nm‐Level Gap as High‐Index Metamaterials
Authors: Shin Dong‐In , Yoo Seong Soo , Park Seong Hun , Lee Gaehang , Bae Wan Ki , Kwon Seok Joon , Yoo Pil Jin , Yi Gi‐Ra 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNanophotonics relies on precise control of refractive index (RI) which can be designed with metamaterials. Plasmonic superstructures of nanoparticles (NPs) can suggest a versatile way of tuning RI. However, the plasmonic effects in the superstructures demand 1 nm‐level exquisite control over the interparticle gap, which is challenging in a sub‐wavelength NPs. Thus far, a large‐area demonstration has been mostly discouraged. Here, heteroligand AuNPs are prepared, which are stable in oil but become Janus particles at the oil–water interface, called “adaptive Janus particles.” NPs are bound at the interface and assembled into 2D arrays over square centimeters as toluene evaporates, which distinctively exhibits the RI tunability. In visible and NIR light, the 2D superstructures exhibit the highest‐ever RI (≈7.8) with varying the size and interparticle gap of NPs, which is successfully explained by a plasmonic percolation model. Furthermore, fully solution‐processable 2D plasmonic superstructures are proved to be advantageous in flexible photonic devices such as distributed Bragg reflectors.
A Real‐Time Capacitive Sensor to Detect the Stability of Salvinia Layers on Porous Superhydrophobic Polymers Under Shear
Authors: Pezeshkpour Pegah , Sachsenheimer Kai , Goralczyk Andreas , Mayoussi Fadoua , Mader Markus , Kotz‐Helmer Frederik , Helmer Dorothea , Rapp Bastian E. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSuperhydrophobicity can be achieved by combining sufficiently low surface energy with a suitable surface roughness. Repellency in such surfaces is the result of the so‐called Salvinia layer, a small layer of air trapped between the superhydrophobic surface and a wetting fluid that prevents the fluid touching the surface. The drawback of the Salvinia layer is its instability due to either shear forces or the air dissolving in the passing fluid. When the air layer is lost, the coating loses its superhydrophobic properties. The direct observation of air layer is of high interest for many applications, specially for determining its behavior under shear. Here, a real‐time study of Salvinia layer on a porous superhydrophobic polymer, Fluoropor, by means of a capacitive sensor under shear in water is presented. The initial thickness of the Salvinia layer on Fluoropor‐coated electrodes is measured and the time of degradation for three Fluoropor thicknesses 30, 50, and 75 µm using degassed and nondegassed water at two flow rates, i.e., 0.35 and 0.7 mL min−1 is quantified. The sensor quantitatively assesses that Salvinia layer degrades fast for thin Fluoropor layer under higher shear but remains stable for up to 17 h in nondegassed water for thicker layers.
Dual‐Enhanced Effect of Ionic Liquid Incorporation on Improving Hybrid Harvesting Properties of Solar and Raindrop Energy
Authors: Song Jinsha , Mu Jiliang , Li Zhengyang , Feng Chengpeng , Geng Wenping , Hou Xiaojuan , He Jian , Chou Xiujian 
Published: July 2022

AbstractUbiquitous environmental energy has become an important energy source for ensuring long‐lasting operation of unattended monitoring systems. However, several technical bottlenecks remain for achieving improved collection performance of environmental energy. Herein, a transparent composite film comprising micro‐pyramid arrays (mp‐arrays) and a conductive ionic liquid (IL) based on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is innovatively generated as a difunctional layer that acts as an antireflective coating for solar cells and an enhanced triboelectric layer for the raindrop‐harvesting triboelectric nanogenerator (RH‐TENG). The regular mp‐arrays fabricated using the template transfer technology according to the matched refractive index between IL and PDMS effectively inhibit the surface reflection and improve the light trapping ability of solar cells. Owing to a significant increase in transmittance, the power conversion efficiency of the solar cell is enhanced by 10.92% owing to the IL@PDMS coating with mp‐arrays (mp‐IL@PDMS). Further, the conductive IL significantly improves the dielectricity of PDMS film. Due to the improved dielectric constant, increased aspect ratio, and excellent hydrophobicity, the output voltage and current of the RH‐TENG with mp‐IL@PDMS are enhanced by ≈24‐ and 44‐fold, respectively. Overall, this study, which is based on the incorporation of transparent conductive IL, provides a new technical path for efficient multiclimate energy harvesting.
Thermal Conductivity of BAs under Pressure
Authors: Hou Songrui , Sun Bo , Tian Fei , Cai Qingan , Xu Youming , Wang Shanmin , Chen Xi , Ren Zhifeng , Li Chen , Wilson Richard B. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe thermal conductivity of boron arsenide (BAs) is believed to be influenced by phonon scattering selection rules due to its special phonon dispersion. Compression of BAs leads to significant changes in phonon dispersion, which allows for a test of first principles theories for how phonon dispersion affects three‐ and four‐phonon scattering rates. This study reports the thermal conductivity of BAs from 0 to 30 GPa. Thermal conductivity vs. pressure of BAs is measured by time‐domain thermoreflectance with a diamond anvil cell. In stark contrast to what is typical for nonmetallic crystals, BAs is observed to have a pressure independent thermal conductivity below 30 GPa. The thermal conductivity of nonmetallic crystals typically increases upon compression. The unusual pressure independence of BAs's thermal conductivity shows the important relationship between phonon dispersion properties and three‐ and four‐phonon scattering rates.
Incorporating Conducting Polypyrrole into a Polyimide COF for Carbon‐Free Ultra‐High Energy Supercapacitor
Authors: Haldar Sattwick , Rase Deepak , Shekhar Pragalbh , Jain Chitvan , Vinod Chathakudath Prabhakaran , Zhang En , Shupletsov Leonid , Kaskel Stefan , Vaidhyanathan Ramanathan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRedox‐active covalent organic frameworks (COFs) store charges but possess inadequate electronic conductivity. Their capacitive action works by storing H+ ions in an acidic electrolyte and is typically confined to a small voltage window (0–1 V). Increasing this window means higher energy and power density, but this risks COF stability. Advantageously, COF's large pores allow the storage of polarizable bulky ions under a wider voltage thus reaching higher energy density. Here, a COF–electrode–electrolyte system operating at a high voltage regime without any conducting carbon or redox active oxides is presented. Conducting polypyrrole (Ppy) chains are synthesized within a polyimide COF to gain electronic conductivity (≈10 000‐fold). A carbon‐free quasi‐solid‐state capacitor assembled using this composite showcases high pseudo‐capacitance (358 mF cm−2@1 mA cm−2) in an aqueous gel electrolyte. The synergy among the redox‐active polyimide COF, polypyrrole and organic electrolytes allows a wide‐voltage window (0–2.5 V) leading to high energy (145 μWh cm−2) and power densities (4509 μW cm−2). Amalgamating the polyimide‐COF and the polypyrrole as one material minimizes the charge and mass transport resistances. Computation and experiments reveal that even a partial translation of the modules/monomers intrinsic electronics to the COF imparts excellent electrochemical activity. The findings unveil COF‐confined polymers as carbon‐free energy storage materials.
The Crystalline Behavior and Device Function of Nonfullerene Acceptors in Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Xu Jinqiu , Lin Francis , Zhu Lei , Zhang Ming , Hao Tianyu , Zhou Guanqing , Gao Ke , Zou Yecheng , Wei Gang , Yi Yuanping , Jen Alex K.‐Y. , Zhang Yongming , Liu Feng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe current research investigates the structure features and intermolecular interactions of nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) in single crystal and thin films, as well as their solar cell applications. Guiding parameters and key intermolecular forces that lead to 2D brickwork or 3D web packing are identified. The atomic modification is shown as the key to induce hydrogen bonding or π–π stacking column, which results in different crystalline packing. The molecular assembly in thin film is initiated by hydrogen bonding, and completed by π–π stacking reorganization. The packing energy is seen as a guiding parameter that dictates the NFA crystalline morphology in blended thin films. The crystalline packing motif is not directly related with device efficiency. However, the crystalline morphology is the key parameter to influence exciton/carrier dynamics and device performance. A broader picture on the scaling behavior of organic semiconductor crystals ranging from oligoacenes to NFAs is established.
Efficient and Stable Blue Light Emitting Diodes Based on CsPbBr3 Nanoplatelets with Surface Passivation by a Multifunctional Organic Sulfate
Authors: Liu He , Worku Michael , Mondal Animesh , Shonde Tunde Blessed , Chaaban Maya , Ben‐Akacha Azza , Lee Sujin , Gonzalez Fabiola , Olasupo Oluwadara , Lin Xinsong , Vellore Winfred J. S. Raaj , Xin Yan , Lochner Eric , Ma Biwu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMetal halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) have emerged as highly promising light emitting materials for various applications, ranging from perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) to lasers and radiation detectors. While remarkable progress has been achieved in highly efficient and stable green, red, and infrared perovskite NCs, obtaining efficient and stable blue‐emitting perovskite NCs remains a great challenge. Here, a facile synthetic approach for the preparation of blue emitting CsPbBr3 nanoplatelets (NPLs) with treatment by an organic sulfate is reported, 2,2‐(ethylenedioxy) bis(ethylammonium) sulfate (EDBESO4), which exhibit remarkably enhanced photoluminescence quantum efficiency (PLQE) and stability as compared to pristine CsPbBr3 NPLs coated with oleylamines. The PLQE is improved from ≈28% for pristine CsPbBr3 NPLs to 85% for EDBESO4 treated CsPbBr3 NPLs. Detailed structural characterizations reveal that EDBESO4 treatment leads to surface passivation of CsPbBr3 NPLs by both EDBE2+ and SO42– ions, which helps to prevent the coalescence of NPLs and suppress the degradation of NPLs. A simple proof‐of‐concept device with emission peaked at 462 nm exhibits an external quantum efficiency of 1.77% with a luminance of 691 cd m−2 and a half‐lifetime of 20 min, which represents one of the brightest pure blue PeLEDs based on NPLs reported to date.
Achieving High Power Density and Durability of Sliding Mode Triboelectric Nanogenerator by Double Charge Supplement Strategy
Authors: Chen Pengfei , Luo Yingjin , Cheng Renwei , Shu Sheng , An Jie , Berbille Andy , Jiang Tao , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTriboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), a promising energy harvesting technology for distributed power sources, faces inevitable issues regarding long‐term wear and durability. However, current low‐wear TENGs are impaired by lower performances due to low charge density. Here, both issues are addressed using a double charge supplement TENG (DCS‐TENG). Adding two low friction charge brushes allows the DCS‐TENG to achieve a high surface charge density (76.5 µC m−2) and power density (697.5 mW m−2 Hz–1), setting a new record among previously reported low‐wear TENGs. Moreover, the device exhibits unprecedented durability with an attenuation of only 5% after continuous operation for 110 h (3 960 000 cycles). Using a customized energy management module, a 3 × 7 hygrothermograph array, a high‐power vehicle's radar and accelerometer modules are stably powered, demonstrating the DCS‐TENG's strong electrical load capacity. This strategy provides a facile and effective path to conjointly boost power output and durability of TENGs, taking them to the next level for practical applications.
Setting the standard: Does Rainforest Alliance Certification increase environmental and socio‐economic outcomes for small‐scale coffee producers in Rwanda?
Authors: Gather Johanna , Wollni Meike 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSustainability certification has become an important tool for promoting sustainable agricultural value chains. Nevertheless, its economic and environmental effects on the producer level remain unclear. We investigate the relationship of Rainforest Alliance Certification with socio‐economic and environmental outcomes in Rwanda and consider potential tradeoffs between dimensions. To reduce potential selection bias in the econometric estimation, we use inverse probability weighted regression adjustment. We find no significant association between certification and socio‐economic indicators but a significant correlation between certification and good agricultural practices and biodiversity‐related practices. Effects on economic outcomes and biodiversity‐related practices are linked; their relationship differs across climatic regions.
Hand grip strength, standing balance, and rapid foot tapping in relation to the menopausal transition in Campeche, Mexico
Authors: Sievert Lynnette Leidy , Huicochea‐Gómez Laura , Cahuich‐Campos Diana , Kent Jane A. , Brown Daniel E. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectivesThis cross‐sectional study investigated menopause status in relation to hand grip strength, standing balance, and rapid foot tapping. A secondary aim was to examine the relationship between physical performance and urban/rural residence with a focus on habitual daily tasks.MethodsMaya and non‐Maya women (40–60 years) were drawn from urban and rural sites in Campeche, Mexico (n = 543). Demographic, reproductive, and lifestyle information was collected in face‐to‐face interviews along with anthropometric and physical function measures. Linear regression was used to evaluate menopause status in relation to strength, balance, and foot tapping speed while adjusting for residence, ethnicity, and other variables.ResultsHand grip strength was 22.5, 21.6, and 20.0 kg in pre‐, peri‐, and postmenopausal women, respectively, but menopause status was not significantly related to grip strength in models adjusted for age. Grip strength was negatively associated with age and socioeconomic index, and positively associated with height and weight, self‐reported health, and hours/week spent grinding corn/making tortillas. Postural stability was 9.4, 6.9, and 5.6 s across menopause categories; and menopause status remained significant in adjusted models. The number of foot taps in 10 s was 35.7, 33.4, and 33.9 taps in pre‐, peri‐, and postmenopausal women. Parity was negatively associated with foot tapping in adjusted models.ConclusionsWhile age is a key predictor of physical function in women aged 40–60 years, menopausal status appears to have additional influences on postural control beyond age alone. Hours spent grinding corn/making tortillas were significantly associated with grip strength among rural women.
Search for Short‐Duration Transient Gravitational Waves Emitted by Neutron Star Glitches
Authors: Lopez Dixeena ,   the LIGO, Virgo, and KAGRA collaborations
Published: July 2022

AbstractNeutron stars are known to show an accelerated spin‐up of their rotational frequency on a short time scale of around 40 s, called a “glitch” in the neutron star. These neutron star glitches can emit short‐duration transient gravitational wave signals as f‐mode oscillations at frequencies between 1.5 and 3 kHz and damping times of less than a few seconds. The observed rate of neutron star glitches are currently limited by their electromagnetic observations. There could be a population of the isolated neutron stars in the galaxy for which there is no electromagnetic observation, but they can produce gravitational wave signals. Here, the sensitivity of the generic all‐sky search for short‐duration transients towards neutron star glitches during the Advanced LIGO and Virgo's third observing run using the Coherent WaveBurst algorithm is presented. The prospects of detecting signals from such glitching neutron stars for the upcoming fourth and fifth observing runs of Advanced LIGO and Virgo detectors are also described.
Unexpected intraoperative hypotension in a chronic cocaine user
Authors: O'Donnell K. , Boyle S. , Abdulrahman S. , O'Leary E. 
Published: July 2022

SummaryIt is not uncommon for patients to present for procedures under anaesthesia with a history of recent cocaine use. The acute effects of cocaine toxicity are well documented, but the pathophysiological changes caused by chronic use are complex and can result in unexpected cardiovascular responses and interactions with anaesthetic agents. In this case report, we describe an episode of hypotension under general anaesthesia, likely due to catecholamine depletion, an unusual but significant consequence of chronic cocaine use. It should be treated with intravenous fluids and direct‐acting vasopressors such as phenylephrine or noradrenaline, as they are likely to be more effective than indirect acting agents. As the prevalence of cocaine use continues to increase, anaesthesia providers need to not only be familiar with the treatment of acute cocaine toxicity, but also to anticipate and manage the cardiovascular changes associated with chronic use of this drug.
Fabrication and evaporation time investigation of water treatment membranes using green solvents and recycled polyethylene terephthalate
Authors: Lu David , Babaniamansour Parto , Williams Alex , Opfar Kassandra , Nurick Parker , Escobar Isabel C. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMany materials traditionally used for polymeric membrane fabrication incur significant environmental impacts and limit sustainability of the process; therefore, more eco‐friendly materials are needed in membrane fabrication. In this study, recycled polyethylene terephthalate (rPET) and a solvent blend of Rhodiasolv® PolarClean (PolarClean) and gamma‐valerolactone (GVL) were used as eco‐friendly materials to fabricate polysulfone (PSf) ultrafiltration membranes. The calculated Hansen solubility parameter affinity and relative energy difference values for PET and PolarClean‐GVL of 6.94 and 0.86, respectively, indicate favorable dissolution to create the preceding dope solution. At a baseline evaporation time of 30 s, the resulting rPET‐PSf/PolarClean‐GVL membranes outperformed the filtration capabilities of PSf/NMP membranes with 3.5% higher permeability (23.4 LMH/bar) and 53.2% greater rejection (84.9%) of bovine serum albumin (BSA). Increasing the evaporation time to 60 s resulted in a 32.4 LMH/bar decrease in permeability and 0.8% increase in BSA rejection, whereas decreasing the evaporation time to 0 s generally led to a 235.8 LMH/bar increase in permeability and 4% increase in BSA rejection. The findings indicate the potential for eco‐friendly materials to serve as alternatives for traditional materials in polymeric membranes.
Three‐dimensional hierarchical nanostructured porous epoxidized natural rubber latex/poly(vinyl alcohol) material for oil/water separation
Authors: Gao Qiangmin , Cheng Shangru , Wang Xincheng , Tang Yaokai , Yuan Yingxin , Li Anqi , Guan Shanshan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn the past few decades, many interesting biomaterials with unforeseen properties have attracted considerable attention due to its unique micro‐nano structure. In this work, a bio‐inspired design was proposed to develop the epoxidized natural rubber latex (ENRL)@polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) three‐dimensional (3D) porous material. Herein, the obtained epoxidized natural rubber/polyvinyl alcohol (ENR@PVA) exhibits a “grapevine‐grape” like networks with robust PVA as “grapevine” and soft latex particles as “grape”. Owing to the synergistic effect of those hierarchical micro‐nano structures and abundant hydrophilic oxygen‐containing groups, the ENR@PVA exhibits superhydrophilic and underwater superoleophobic functionality. Accordingly, benefiting from the superwettability features, the ENR@PVA shows superior separation (oil rejections are all above 99.5%) and anti‐fouling performances. More importantly, the integration of excellent flexibility and mechanical robustness guarantees a superior mechanical stability for sustainable reusability and oil recovery in the practical applications. Therefore, the research findings might promote the development of the 3D porous material and its future application for high performance oily wastewater remediation.