bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sustainable development of community-supported STEM-learning ecosystems in rural areas of the United States
Authors: Timko Gary , Harris Maren , Hayde Dolly , Peterman Karen 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The Rural Activation & Innovation Network (RAIN) project was funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) (DRL#: 161255) from 2017 through 2021. The purpose of the project was to engage, support, and better understand rural communities in changing perceptions of the importance of Science, Technology, Engineering, Math (STEM) learning to public education and the local economy, as well as leveraging local resources and expertise to support STEM learning. The literature indicates that STEM thinking and science literacy helps people to logically, systematically, and critically identify and solve problems and issues facing their communities. Using science and evidence-based facts and information helps to empower communities to engage in civic action, to organize, and to influence policies that help improve the human condition. This article is a case study of four rural regions located in the southwest region of the United States. It presents key stages of the RAIN project that have contributed toward sustaining the development of informal STEM learning opportunities in these regions. It brings together research and evaluation efforts that include survey data collected from community members and Regional Innovation Councils (RICs) in each of the four RAIN project regions, as well as interviews with key stakeholders and document review. The findings and discussion provide insights and strategies for development of sustainable community-supported STEM learning ecosystems in rural areas of the United States that meet their unique needs and identities.
Harnessing the Power of Health Systems and Networks for Antimicrobial Stewardship
Authors: Buckel Whitney R , Stenehjem Edward A , Hersh Adam L , Hyun David Y , Zetts Rachel M 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Twenty of 21 health systems and network-based antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) who were invited participated in a questionnaire, a webinar, and focus groups to understand implementation strategies for system-wide antimicrobial stewardship. Four centralized ASPs structures emerged. Of participating organizations, 3 (15%) confirmed classification as collaborative, 3 (15%) as centrally coordinated, 3 (15%) as in between or in transition between centrally coordinated and centrally led, 8 (40%) as centrally led, 2 (10%) as collaborative, consultative network. One (5%) organization considered themselves to be a hybrid. System-level stewardship responsibilities varied across sites and generally fell into 6 major categories: building and leading a stewardship community, strategic planning and goal setting, development of validated data streams, leveraging tools and technology for stewardship interventions, provision of subject-matter expertise, and communication/education. Centralized ASPs included in this study most commonly took a centrally led approach and engaged in activities tailored to system-wide goals.
Size specific boldness associated with differences in resource requirements and habitat use: a cross-sectional study in hermit crabs
Authors: Briffa Mark , Archer Rose 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAnimal personality is often studied within compressed periods of observation that represent narrow windows in comparison to animal lifespans. Although much is known about the relations between repeatable personality traits and cross-situational behavioral plasticity, less is known about how such traits might differ across age classes or life history transitions. We conducted a cross-sectional study of startle response duration in 3 size classes of Pagurus bernhardus, the common European hermit crab. We defined size classes using transitions in the preferred species of gastropod shells that accompany growth, and this change in preference is in turn associated with a transition from intertidal to subtidal habitats. Compared with small- and medium-sized intertidal individuals the larger subtidal hermit crabs behaved cautiously by showing startle responses of greater duration following disturbance. Startle responses were also repeatable within all 3 size classes, confirming the presence of animal personality in intertidal hermit crabs and demonstrating that this pattern is retained within the largest size classes, which have undergone the transition from intertidal to subtidal habitat. Interestingly, there was a trend for the pattern of repeatable startle response durations to increase with size class, with the highest value for repeatability and the greatest range of startle response durations being present within the large subtidal population. The greater range of startle responses indicates that the longer startle response durations in some larger individuals are more likely due to developmental changes with age and habitat use than reflecting selection against the boldest individuals during earlier stages of life.
Treatment strategies for thromboembolism-in-transit with pulmonary embolism
Authors: Sakai Hiroki , Uchida Takayuki , Matsumoto Takashi 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
A 46-year-old obese woman undergoing treatment for bipolar disorder presented with acute shortness of breath, chest pain and palpitations. She was tachypnoea and tachycardia, but blood pressure was stable. Computed tomography angiogram revealed bilateral pulmonary embolism. Echocardiogram revealed thrombus-in-transit. She underwent surgical embolectomy only for thrombus-in-transit and closure of the patent foramen ovale. However, pulmonary hypertension worsened, haemodynamical instability prolonged and hepatic congestion progressed. After veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation insertion, we performed thrombectomy by catheter and anticoagulation therapy. One month later, the patient was transferred to another hospital for rehabilitation.
Nanaomycin E inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation by preventing mitochondrial dysfunction
Authors: Matsui Yudai , Takemura Naoki , Shirasaki Yoshitaka , Takahama Michihiro , Noguchi Yoshihiko , Ikoma Kenta , Pan Yixi , Nishida Shuhei , Taura Manabu , Nakayama Akiyoshi , Funatsu Takashi , Misawa Takuma , Harada Yoshie , Sunazuka Toshiaki , Saitoh Tatsuya 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Nod-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) is a cytosolic innate immune receptor that senses organelle dysfunction induced by various stimuli, such as infectious, environmental, metabolic and drug stresses. Upon activation, NLRP3 forms an inflammasome with its adaptor protein apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC) and caspase-1, to trigger the release of inflammatory cytokines. The development of effective anti-inflammatory drugs targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome is in high demand as its aberrant activation often causes inflammatory diseases. Here, we found that nanaomycin A (NNM-A), a quinone-based antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces, effectively inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated inflammatory responses induced by imidazoquinolines, including imiquimod. Interestingly, its epoxy derivative nanaomycin E (NNM-E) showed a comparable inhibitory effect against the NLRP3 inflammasome-induced release of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 from macrophages, with a much lower toxicity than NNM-A. NNM-E inhibited ASC oligomerization and caspase-1 cleavage, both of which are hallmarks of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. NNM-E reduced mitochondrial damage and the production of reactive oxygen species, thereby preventing the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. NNM-E treatment markedly alleviated psoriasis-like skin inflammation induced by imiquimod. Collectively, NNM-E inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation by preventing mitochondrial dysfunction with little toxicity and showed an anti-inflammatory effect in vivo. Thus, NNM-E could be a potential lead compound for developing effective and safe anti-inflammatory agents for the treatment of NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated inflammatory diseases.
Development and validation of a deep learning model to predict the survival of patients in ICU
Authors: Tang Hai , Jin Zhuochen , Deng Jiajun , She Yunlang , Zhong Yifan , Sun Weiyan , Ren Yijiu , Cao Nan , Chen Chang 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
Patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) are often in critical condition and have a high mortality rate. Accurately predicting the survival probability of ICU patients is beneficial to timely care and prioritizing medical resources to improve the overall patient population survival. Models developed by deep learning (DL) algorithms show good performance on many models. However, few DL algorithms have been validated in the dimension of survival time or compared with traditional algorithms.

Methods
Variables from the Early Warning Score, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score, Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II, and APACHE IV models were selected for model development. The Cox regression, random survival forest (RSF), and DL methods were used to develop prediction models for the survival probability of ICU patients. The prediction performance was independently evaluated in the MIMIC-III Clinical Database (MIMIC-III), the eICU Collaborative Research Database (eICU), and Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital Database (SPH).

Results
Forty variables were collected in total for model development. 83 943 participants from 3 databases were included in the study. The New-DL model accurately stratified patients into different survival probability groups with a C-index of &gt;0.7 in the MIMIC-III, eICU, and SPH, performing better than the other models. The calibration curves of the models at 3 and 10 days indicated that the prediction performance was good. A user-friendly interface was developed to enable the model’s convenience.

Conclusions
Compared with traditional algorithms, DL algorithms are more accurate in predicting the survival probability during ICU hospitalization. This novel model can provide reliable, individualized survival probability prediction.
Survey of United States Mosquito Control Programs Reveals Opportunities to Improve the Operational Value of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Bottle Bioassays
Authors: Richards Stephanie L , Byrd Brian D , Breidenbaugh Mark , Vandock Kurt 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Mosquito control programs have increasingly used Centers for Disease Control and Prevention bottle bioassays (BB) to evaluate insecticide resistance (IR). The reported utility, benefits, and limitations of BB and other methods were assessed via electronic survey of U.S. mosquito control professionals to identify potential areas for improvement, future study, and professional training. Opportunities were identified to improve BB operational value and IR detection.
Vertical evolution of exocometary gas – I. How vertical diffusion shortens the CO lifetime
Authors: Marino S , Cataldi G , Jankovic M R , Matrà L , Wyatt M C 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
Bright debris discs can contain large amounts of CO gas. This gas was thought to be a protoplanetary remnant until it was recently shown that it could be released in collisions of volatile-rich solids. As CO is released, interstellar UV radiation photodissociates CO producing CI, which can shield CO allowing a large CO mass to accumulate. However, this picture was challenged because CI is inefficient at shielding if CO and CI are vertically mixed. Here, we study for the first time the vertical evolution of gas to determine how vertical mixing affects the efficiency of shielding by CI. We present a 1D model that accounts for gas release, photodissociation, ionization, viscous evolution, and vertical mixing due to turbulent diffusion. We find that if the gas surface density is high and the vertical diffusion weak (αv/α &lt; [H/r]2) CO photodissociates high above the mid-plane, forming an optically thick CI layer that shields the CO underneath. Conversely, if diffusion is strong (αv/α &gt; [H/r]2) CI and CO become well mixed, shortening the CO lifetime. Moreover, diffusion could also limit the amount of dust settling. High-resolution ALMA observations could resolve the vertical distribution of CO and CI, and thus constrain vertical mixing and the efficiency of CI shielding. We also find that the CO and CI scale heights may not be good probes of the mean molecular weight, and thus composition, of the gas. Finally, we show that if mixing is strong the CO lifetime might not be long enough for CO to spread interior to the planetesimal belt where gas is produced.
Beat Synchronization and Reading: The Feasibility of Music and Video Game Trainings
Authors: Chen Yu-Ling , Khoo Didier 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The prevalence of reading disabilities ranges from 5% to 12%, making it important to support reading programs. More specifically, children with reading disabilities show difficulties in beat synchronization that requires fine audio-motor synchrony. This synchrony, which demonstrates temporal processing skills, is linked to reading development. The purpose of the present study was to establish the feasibility of 2 music training programs for reading through practicing beat synchronization and to explore the preliminary efficacy of these programs for third graders identified as having reading challenges. Two participants attended the rhythmic music exercise group where they performed musical tasks set to a metronome beat. Two other participants attended the video game playing group where they played Donkey Konga. Each group attended a 30-minute session twice a week for 4 weeks. The Gray Oral Reading Test Fifth Edition (GORT-5) was used to assess reading ability. Selected subtests from the Comprehensive Test of Phonological Awareness Second Edition (CTOPP-2) were used to assess phonological processing. Feasibility data indicated that both programs were successfully implemented and well received by the participants. While preliminary-efficacy analysis demonstrated positive trends in the reading and phonological awareness tests for the rhythmic music exercise group and mixed results for the video game playing group, a large, controlled pilot study is needed to determine the effects of these training programs. Music therapists may potentially apply the proposed rhythmic music exercises to address reading-related goals.
Guiding the folding of G-quadruplexes through loop residue interactions
Authors: Jana Jagannath , Vianney Yoanes Maria , Schröder Nina , Weisz Klaus 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
A G-rich sequence was designed to allow folding into either a stable parallel or hybrid-type topology. With the parent sequence featuring coexisting species, various related sequences with single and double mutations and with a shortened central propeller loop affected the topological equilibrium. Two simple modifications, likewise introduced separately to all sequences, were employed to lock folds into one of the topologies without noticeable structural alterations. The unique combination of sequence mutations, high-resolution NMR structural information, and the thermodynamic stability for both topological competitors identified critical loop residue interactions. In contrast to first loop residues, which are mostly disordered and exposed to solvent in both propeller and lateral loops bridging a narrow groove, the last loop residue in a lateral three-nucleotide loop is engaged in stabilizing stacking interactions. The propensity of single-nucleotide loops to favor all-parallel topologies by enforcing a propeller-like conformation of an additional longer loop is shown to result from their preference in linking two outer tetrads of the same tetrad polarity. Taken together, the present studies contribute to a better structural and thermodynamic understanding of delicate loop interactions in genomic and artificially designed quadruplexes, e.g. when employed as therapeutics or in other biotechnological applications.
Polymer formulated self-amplifying RNA vaccine is partially protective against influenza virus infection in ferrets
Authors: McKay P F , Zhou J , Frise R , Blakney A K , Bouton C R , Wang Z , Hu K , Samnuan K , Brown J C , Kugathasan R , Yeow J , Stevens M M , Barclay W S , Tregoning J S , Shattock R J 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
COVID-19 has demonstrated the power of RNA vaccines as part of a pandemic response toolkit. Another virus with pandemic potential is influenza. Further development of RNA vaccines in advance of a future influenza pandemic will save time and lives. As RNA vaccines require formulation to enter cells and induce antigen expression, the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of a recently developed bioreducible cationic polymer, pABOL for the delivery of a self-amplifying RNA (saRNA) vaccine for seasonal influenza virus in mice and ferrets. Mice and ferrets were immunized with pABOL formulated saRNA vaccines expressing either haemagglutinin (HA) from H1N1 or H3N2 influenza virus in a prime boost regime. Antibody responses, both binding and functional were measured in serum after immunization. Animals were then challenged with a matched influenza virus either directly by intranasal inoculation or in a contact transmission model. While highly immunogenic in mice, pABOL-formulated saRNA led to variable responses in ferrets. Animals that responded to the vaccine with higher levels of influenza virus-specific neutralizing antibodies were more protected against influenza virus infection. pABOL-formulated saRNA is immunogenic in ferrets, but further optimization of RNA vaccine formulation and constructs is required to increase the quality and quantity of the antibody response to the vaccine.
Characterization of regulatory modules controlling leaf angle in maize
Authors: Wang Xiaokun , Wang Xianglan , Sun Shilei , Tu Xiaoyu , Lin Kande , Qin Lei , Wang Xingyun , Li Gang , Zhong Silin , Li Pinghua 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Leaf angle is an important agronomic trait determining maize (Zea mays) planting density and light penetration into the canopy and contributes to the yield gain in modern maize hybrids. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying leaf angle beyond the ZmLG1 (liguleless1) and ZmLG2 (Liguleless2) genes. In this study, we found that the transcription factor (TF) ZmBEH1 (BZR1/BES1 homolog gene 1) is targeted by ZmLG2 and regulates leaf angle formation by influencing sclerenchyma cell layers on the adaxial side. ZmBEH1 interacted with the TF ZmBZR1 (Brassinazole Resistant 1), whose gene expression was also directly activated by ZmLG2. Both ZmBEH1 and ZmBZR1 are bound to the promoter of ZmSCL28 (SCARECROW-LIKE 28), a third TF that influences leaf angle. Our study demonstrates regulatory modules controlling leaf angle and provides gene editing targets for creating optimal maize architecture suitable for dense planting.
Seesaw mechanism in the R-parity-violating supersymmetric standard model with the gauged flavor U(1)X symmetry
Authors: Hinata Atsushi 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We study the seesaw mechanism in the supersymmetric standard model (SSM) with the ${\mathbb {Z}}_3$ symmetry called matter triality (M3). The Abelian discrete symmetry prohibits the baryon number violation operators at the (non-)renormalizable level, which ensures proton longevity. The cubic coupling by right-handed neutrinos generates the Majorana mass term after the right-handed sneutrinos develop into the vacuum expectation values. Due to the R-parity violation, the active neutrino masses can be generated not only from the mixings with the right-handed neutrinos but also from those with the minimal SSM neutralinos. We propose a model where M3 is embedded in the gauged flavor symmetry. The flavor charges are constrained by the anomaly cancellation conditions and the requirements to realize the fermion masses and mixing angles in the quark and lepton sectors. We analyze the assignments of the flavor charge, and show that the sterile neutrino mass is allowed to be below the soft supersymmetry-breaking scale, which is constrained by the half-lifetime of the neutrinoless double beta decay.
Elevated highly sensitive C-reactive protein in fibromyalgia associates with symptom severity
Authors: Zetterman Teemu , Markkula Ritva , Kalso Eija 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Fibromyalgia (FM), a common pain syndrome, is thought to be a non-inflammatory, nociplastic condition, but evidence implicating neuroinflammation has been increasing. Systemic inflammation may be associated with more severe symptoms in some FM patients. We studied healthy controls and FM patients with and without systemic inflammation detectable using high-sensitivity CRP (hsCRP) measurement.

Methods
We measured hsCRP levels and gathered clinical and questionnaire data [including the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ)] from 40 female FM patients and 30 age-matched healthy women. An hsCRP level &gt;3 mg/l was considered elevated.

Results
FM patients had significantly higher mean hsCRP levels than controls, explained by overweight and lower leisure-time physical activity. Eight FM patients had elevated hsCRP levels and 29 had normal hsCRP levels. Levels of hsCRP were significantly correlated with FIQ scores. Patients with elevated hsCRP had higher FIQ scores, with worse physical functioning and greater pain and were less likely to be employed than patients with normal hsCRP. These patient groups did not differ by blood count, liver function or lipid profiles, nor by education, psychological measures, sleep disturbance, smoking or comorbidities.

Conclusion
Some FM patients have elevated hsCRP, mostly due to overweight and physical inactivity. They have worse symptoms and their ability to work is impaired. Measurement of hsCRP may help to identify FM patients in greatest need of interventions supporting working ability.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov (https://clinicaltrials.gov), NCT03300635
Mainstreaming Gender in Policy Narratives: Childcare Policies during Latin America’s Left Turn
Authors: Marcondes Mariana Mazzini , Farah Marta Ferreira Santos 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
During Latin America’s left turn, women and children benefited from the expansion of social policies. This expansion, however, was not followed by the homogeneous incorporation of a gender equality perspective in childcare policies, with different processes occurring in similar countries. What might explain these differences? To address this question, we conducted qualitative and comparative research on Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay. We found greater progress in mainstreaming childcare policies when a broad discourse coalition gathered around a master frame that was simultaneously mainstreamed by feminist perspectives.