bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postural-respiratory function of the diaphragm assessed by M-mode ultrasonography
Authors: Sembera Martin , Busch Andrew , Kobesova Alena , Hanychova Barbora , Sulc Jan , Kolar Pavel 
Published: October 2022

Objectives
The diaphragm changes position and respiratory excursions during postural loading. However, it is unclear how it reacts to lifting a load while breath-holding or breathing with simultaneous voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles (VCAM). This study analyzed diaphragm motion in healthy individuals during various postural-respiratory situations.

Methods
31 healthy participants underwent examination of the diaphragm using M-mode ultrasonography, spirometry, and abdominal wall tension (AWT) measurements. All recordings were performed simultaneously during three consecutive scenarios, i.e., 1. Lifting a load without breathing; 2. Lifting a load and breathing naturally; 3. Lifting a load and breathing with simultaneous VCAM.

Results
Using paired-samples t-tests, lifting a load without breathing displaced the diaphragm’s expiratory position more caudally (P < .001), with no change noted in the inspiratory position (P = .373). During lifting a load breathing naturally, caudal displacement of the diaphragm’s inspiratory position was presented (P < .001), with no change noted in the expiratory position (P = 0.20) compared to tidal breathing. Total diaphragm excursion was greater when loaded (P = .002). Lifting a load and breathing with VCAM demonstrated no significant changes in diaphragm position for inspiration, expiration, or total excursion compared to natural loaded breathing. For all scenarios, AWT measures were greater when lifting a load (P < .001).

Conclusion
In healthy individuals, caudal displacement and greater excursions of the diaphragm occurred when lifting a load. The postural function of the diaphragm is independent of its respiratory activity and is not reduced by the increase in AWT.
Exploring the development, evaluation and implementation of complex health interventions to prevent early childhood caries in preschool children: A scoping review protocol
Authors: van Spreuwel Peggy C. J. M. , Munk-Overkamp Milou L. C. , Smit Linda C. , Ziesemer Kirsten A. , van Loveren Cor , van der Heijden Geert J. M. G. , Bruers Josef J. M. , Jerković-Ćosić Katarina 
Published: October 2022

Objective
This scoping review aims to identify complex health interventions (CHI’s) to prevent early childhood caries (ECC), explore the level of complexity of the identified CHI’s, and explore the details of their development, evaluation, and implementation.

Introduction
Many interventions to prevent ECC have multiple interacting components and can be seen as CHI’s. Recent reviews on these interventions have found inconclusive effects, which may be due to differences in the development, evaluation, and implementation of CHI’s.

Inclusion criteria
This scoping review will consider clinical trials reporting CHI’s to prevent ECC that starts during pregnancy or in the first year of life. Studies in the English language will be included regardless of the country of origin, sociocultural setting, or context.

Methods
This review will follow the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews. An initial search of PubMed identified keywords and Medical Subject Headings terms. A second search of PubMed, Embase, Clarivate Analytics/Web of Science Core Collection, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the Wiley/Cochrane Library will follow. Two independent reviewers will perform title and abstract screening, retrieve and review full-text studies, and extract data. The reference lists of all included sources will be screened for additional CHI’s or relevant publications about a specific CHI. Data charting will be utilised based on study characteristics and intervention complexity. A 39-item instrument will be used to explore the details in the description of the CHI’s development, evaluation, and implementation. The results will be presented in tables, visual outputs, and a narrative summary in response to the review questions.

Discussion
The proposed review will generate evidence which may provide a direction for the future design of studies on CHI’s to prevent ECC and more complete information for those who want to adopt successful interventions to prevent ECC.
Nickel contamination after minimally-invasive repair of pectus excavatum persists after bar removal
Authors: Fortmann Caroline , Goeen Thomas , Zinne Norman , Wiesner Soeren , Ure Benno M. , Petersen Claus , Kuebler Joachim F. 
Published: October 2022

Background
Minimally-invasive repair of pectus excavatum (MIRPE) has been shown to be associated with high release of trace metals into patient’s body. The aim of our study was to analyze the kinetics of metal contamination after MIRPE and after bar removal.

Methods
We prospectively assessed nickel and chromium changes in blood, urine, and local tissue in patients undergoing MIRPE with stainless-steel bar(s). Baseline samples were taken prior to surgery, further samples were taken at six defined time points until 30 months after bar removal. Clinical symptoms were evaluated at the time of every sample collection.

Results
28 patients were included (mean age 16.4 years). At four weeks after MIRPE and persisting up to bar removal, we found significantly elevated trace metal levels in blood and urine. Tissue nickel and chromium levels were significantly elevated at the time of bar removal. After bar removal, the concentration of trace metal in urine and the concentration of chromium in plasma decreased gradually. In contrast, nickel levels in blood further increased. Five patients showed irritative symptoms after MIRPE, all symptomatic patients had elevated metal levels.

Conclusions
Following MIRPE, we found a rapid systemic increase of nickel and chromium. Our data indicate that trace metal release could cause irritative symptoms. The prolonged elevated systemic nickel levels beyond bar removal necessitate further investigations of the long-term side effects of MIRPE.
Surveillance, contact tracing and characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in educational settings in Northern Italy, September 2020 to April 2021
Authors: Djuric Olivera , Larosa Elisabetta , Cassinadri Mariateresa , Cilloni Silvia , Bisaccia Eufemia , Pepe Davide , Vicentini Massimo , Venturelli Francesco , Bonvicini Laura , Giorgi Rossi Paolo , Pezzotti Patrizio , Mateo Urdiales Alberto , Bedeschi Emanuela ,   The Reggio Emilia Covid-19 Working Group
Published: October 2022

Background
The role of school contacts in the spread of the virus and the effectiveness of school closures in controlling the epidemic is still debated. We aimed to quantify the risk of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the school setting by type of school, characteristics of the index case and calendar period in the Province of Reggio Emilia (RE), Italy. The secondary aim was to estimate the speed of implementation of contact tracing.

Methods
A population-based analysis of surveillance data on all COVID-19 cases occurring in RE, Italy, from 1 September 2020, to 4 April 2021, for which a school contact and/or exposure was suspected. An indicator of the delay in contact tracing was calculated as the time elapsed since the index case was determined to be positive and the date on which the swab test for classmates was scheduled (or most were scheduled).

Results
Overall, 30,184 and 13,608 contacts among classmates and teachers/staff, respectively, were identified and were recommended for testing, and 43,214 (98.7%) underwent the test. Secondary transmission occurred in about 40% of the investigated classes, and the overall secondary case attack rate was 4%. This rate was slightly higher when the index case was a teacher but with almost no differences by type of school, and was stable during the study period. Speed of implementation of contact tracing increased during the study period, with the time from index case identification to testing of contacts being reduced from seven to three days. The ability to identify the possible source of infection in the index case also increased.

Conclusions
Despite the spread of the Alpha variant during the study period in RE, the secondary case attack rate remained stable from school reopening in September 2020 until the beginning of April 2021.
The COVID-19 pandemic effect on the prehospital Madrid stroke code metrics and diagnostic accuracy
Authors: Riera-López Nicolás , Gaetano-Gil Andrea , Martínez-Gómez José , Rodríguez-Rodil Nuria , Fernández-Félix Borja M. , Rodríguez-Pardo Jorge , Cuadrado-Hernández Carmen , Martínez-González Emmanuel Pelayo , Villar-Arias Alicia , Gutiérrez-Sánchez Fátima , Busca-Ostolaza Pablo , Montero-Ruiz Eduardo , Díez-Tejedor Exuperio , Zamora Javier , Fuentes-Gimeno Blanca ,   on behalf of the Madrid Stroke Network
Published: October 2022

Background
Only very few studies have investigated the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the pre-hospital stroke code protocol. During the first wave, Spain was one of the most affected countries by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus disease pandemic. This health catastrophe overshadowed other pathologies, such as acute stroke, the leading cause of death among women and the leading cause of disability among adults. Any interference in the stroke code protocol can delay the administration of reperfusion treatment for acute ischemic strokes, leading to a worse patient prognosis. We aimed to compare the performance of the stroke code during the first wave of the pandemic with the same period of the previous year.

Methods
This was a multicentre interrupted time-series observational study of the cohort of stroke codes of SUMMA 112 and of the ten hospitals with a stroke unit in the Community of Madrid. We established two groups according to the date on which they were attended: the first during the dates with the highest daily cumulative incidence of the first wave of the COVID-19 (from February 27 to June 15, 2020), and the second, the same period of the previous year (from February 27 to June 15, 2019). To assess the performance of the stroke code, we compared each of the pre-hospital emergency service time periods, the diagnostic accuracy (proportion of stroke codes with a final diagnosis of acute stroke out of the total), the proportion of patients treated with reperfusion therapies, and the in-hospital mortality.

Results
SUMMA 112 activated the stroke code in 966 patients (514 in the pre-pandemic group and 452 pandemic). The call management time increased by 9% (95% CI: -0.11; 0.91; p value = 0.02), and the time on scene increased by 12% (95% CI: 2.49; 5.93; p value = <0.01). Diagnostic accuracy, and the proportion of patients treated with reperfusion therapies remained stable. In-hospital mortality decreased by 4% (p = 0.05).

Conclusions
During the first wave, a prolongation of the time “on the scene” of the management of the 112 calls, and of the hospital admission was observed. Prehospital diagnostic accuracy and the proportion of patients treated at the hospital level with intravenous thrombolysis or mechanical thrombectomy were not altered with respect to the previous year, showing the resilience of the stroke network and the emergency medical service.
Tan mudada la Fortuna. Farinelli y el discurso visual en la ópera La Nitteti tras la caída de Ensenada
Authors: Gómez Urdáñez José Luis , Domínguez Rodríguez José María 
Published: October 2022

La ópera Nitteti, regalo de Metastasio a Fernando VI y puesta en escena bajo la dirección de Farinelli en 1756, es una de las chiavi para interpretar el contexto histórico presidido por el gran acontecimiento que representó la caída de Ensenada en 1754. La ópera fue encargada a Metastasio en 1753 pero no pudo estrenarse hasta finales de 1756, con música de Niccolò Conforto. Farinelli tuvo que someterla a un proceso de resignificación tras la caída del ministro riojano —como se resignificó el cuadro de Amigoni de 1752 en el grabado de Flipart de 1757—. Este proceso puede ser interpretado a la luz del turbulento periodo 1752-1757, al que se dedica este artículo. Se incide en los discursos visuales de ópera y pintura para intentar una nueva aproximación a la corte festiva de Fernando VI y Bárbara, entre la apoteosis de los años anteriores a 1754 —proclamada por la trompeta de la Fama— y la tragedia de la enfermedad y muerte de la reina —la Fortuna mudada—, con el consiguiente enmudecimiento de la Corte festiva del rey pacífico.
On species status of Carex sordida (Cyperaceae)
Authors: Shekhovtsova Irina N. , Shekhovtsov Sergey V. 
Published: October 2022

This article deals with the problem of species independence of Carex sordida. Closely related species of the sect. Carex, C. sordida, C. atherodes, and C. drymophila, were analyzed based on material from Asian Russia. Based on morphological characteristics, it was suggested that C. sordida is more closely related to C. atherodes than to C. drymophila. Molecular analysis using the matK plastid gene and the ITS2 and ETS nuclear ribosomal spacers confirmed that C. sordida is a distinct species closely related to C. atherodes. Several specimens of hybrid origin among the studied species were found. During the revision of herbarium samples, several new localities of C. sordida were identified, which significantly expanded its range to the west. In this study, for the first time, distribution maps of C. sordida, C. drymophila, and C. atherodes in the Asian part of Russia were published.
Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Oral Hygiene Practices and Self-Reported Oral Health Status of Clinical Health Care Workers in the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
Authors: Babalola Adetola , Lawal Folake , Oyebode Gbenga 
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUND: The novel virus, Coronal Virus (COVID-19) has affected every aspect of life including healthcare specifically, how it has influenced the choice of oral hygiene materials of frontline healthcare workers especially in a tertiary setting remains uncertain.
AIM: To assess the impact of COVID-19 on the choice of oral hygiene materials and self-reported oral health status of Professional Healthcare Workers, at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.
METHODOLOGY: This cross-sectional study was conducted among a convenience sample of (150) clinical professional healthcare workers of the University College Hospital, Ibadan using a GOOGLE online questionnaire form. Information on oral hygiene practices before and during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic was obtained from respondents. Ethical approval was obtained from the Joint UI/UCH Ethical Approval Board. Data were analysed with SPSS and the level of significance was set at p < 0.05
RESULTS: The age of respondents ranged from 22 - 68 years and the mean age was 35.9 (± 10.7) years. There were 69 (46.0%) males. A total of 66 (44.0%) used dental floss prior to the COVID-19 pandemic while 68 (45.3%) used it during the COVID-19 pandemic. All (100%) used toothbrushes before the pandemic, compared to 148 (98.6%) who used them during the pandemic and 45 (30.0%) used wooden toothpicks before and during the pandemic. None used harmful substances like concoctions during the pandemic. There was no significant difference in the choice of teeth cleaning materials before and during the COVID-19 pandemic (P = 0.483). 93.3% of HCWs reported that they had good oral health status before the pandemic. There was a slight drop of 1.7% in the state of the self-reported oral health status of the HCWs.
CONCLUSION: There was no change in the choice of oral hygiene materials of the frontline health care workers before and during the pandemic. HCWs relatively maintained fair standards of oral hygiene practices during the COVID-19 pandemic. None resorted to the use of harmful substances.
Research on dual-mode fault suppression strategy of AC isolation and current limiting based on hybrid MMC
Authors: Liu Yujia , He Baina , Bian Chenxi , Lin Xin , Liu Yang , Wu Shuo , Meng Fantao , Lou Hui , Kong Lingzhe , Dai Xueting 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The DC side fault of the high voltage DC transmission system based on modular multilevel converters high voltage DC (MMC-HVDC) is easily affected by the double influence of AC transient electrical quantity infeed and overvoltage and overcurrent, seriously threatening the safe operation of the power grid. Aiming at the problem above, a fault suppression strategy in dual mode of isolation and current limiting is proposed. Based on the half-bridge-full-bridge hybrid MMC, the fault transient mathematical model considering AC feed and sub-module switching feed is analyzed. AC isolation module with double conduction self-resistance structure and current-limiting control module is constructed, which can be adaptively adjusted to the system’s direct current parameters. The ±500 kV double-ended hybrid MMC system model is established to verify the scheme’s effectiveness. In addition, the influence of high AC modulation parameters on the suppression effect is investigated. PSCAD/EMTDC simulation results show that AC active and reactive power feed-in peaks are reduced by 388.69 MW and 119.82 Mvar, respectively, under dual-mode control. The peak value of DC overvoltage and overcurrent is reduced by 1211.53 kV and 22.5 kA, respectively, the fault self-clearing time is shortened by 43 ms, and the fault suppression effect is remarkable. In the high AC modulation ratio operating state, the modulation parameters are positively correlated with the AC power feed and negatively correlated with the overvoltage and overcurrent of the DC system. The research results provide support for the fault protection scheme of the hybrid MMC flexible and direct power grid.
Effect of process parameters on surface roughness, dimensional accuracy and flatness of VeroBlue RGD840 rigid opaque materials
Authors: Maurya Nagendra K. , Rastogi Vikas , Singh Pushpendra 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In the present scenario, additive manufacturing is considered to produce the functional parts in low volume. This investigation deals with the effect of process parameters viz., raster angle, orientation and type of surface on dimensional accuracy, flatness, shrinkage and surface roughness of VeroBlue RGD840 rigid opaque materials, produced by the polyjet process. A Taguchi array (L
8) is used to design the experiment. Surface roughness parameters are measured by using an optical profilometer. Dimensional accuracy and flatness are measured by using coordinate measuring machines. Analysis of variance is employed to evaluate the effect of individual process parameters. An empirical model is developed to predict the dimensional accuracy, flatness and surface roughness. Results revealed that the optimum level of process parameters are different for the dimensional accuracy and flatness. A multi-objective optimization technique is employed to get the best level of process parameters. The belt level of process parameters are raster angle of 60°, orientation flat and glossy type of surface finish. The best value of surface roughness R
a = 28 nm, percentage error in dimensional accuracy of 12.13 and flatness of 0.0503 mm are observed. Confirmation tests are performed at the best level of process parameters to verify the results.
Hybrid solitary wave solutions of the Camassa–Holm equation
Authors: Omanda Hugues M. , Djeumen Tchaho Clovis T. , Belobo Belobo Didier 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The Camassa–Holm equation governs the dynamics of shallow water waves or in its reduced form models nonlinear dispersive waves in hyperelastic rods. By using the straightforward Bogning-Djeumen Tchaho-Kofané method, explicit expressions of many solitary wave solutions with different profiles not previously derived in the literature are constructed and classified. Geometric characterizations of the solutions in terms of three new mappings are presented. Intensive numerical simulations carried confirm the stability of the solutions even with relatively high critical velocities and reveal that solitary waves with large widths are more stable than the ones with small widths.
Visualization analysis of temperature distribution in the cavity of conventional PPS and high-thermal-conductivity PPS during the filling stage of injection molding
Authors: Kurita Akifumi , Yoshimura Yohei , Suzuki Makoto , Yokoi Hidetoshi , Kajihara Yusuke 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
As a highly thermally conductive PPS that is lightweight and has excellent heat dissipation is expected to be applied in various products, its peculiar filling behavior can cause molding defects such as short shots and surface cracks. To address these challenges, it is important to elucidate the filling behavior and clarify the effects of cavity shape and molding conditions. Thus, we intend to visualize the filling behavior of the high-thermal-conductivity PPS. To achieve this goal, we develop an in-process visualization system to reveal both the thermal and kinetic behaviors of the resin while it fills the cavity. In the system, a sapphire prism glass is utilized in the mold for visualization because it exhibits high strength, high heat conduction, and high infrared transmittance. A high-speed visible camera for kinetic behavior and an infrared camera for thermal behavior are utilized. With the developed system, we successfully obtained for the first time the filling behavior of high-thermal-conductivity PPS. Visualization experiments prove that the temperature of the conventional PPS gradually decreases from the tip to the rear of the flow. However, the temperature of the high-thermal-conductivity PPS drops sharply from the tip of the flow to the rear, and breakage at the flow front near the cavity wall is generated. Our interpretation is that the flow front near the cavity wall can be easily broken when it is stretched, because the ductility of the high-thermal-conductivity PPS largely decreases because of the rapid temperature drop. To suppress the formation of this breakage, we modify the cavity shape and molding conditions, and verify its suppression effect.
“Al-Raqqa, Namely Kalne” – Testimonies from the Cairo Geniza
Authors: Frenkel Miriam 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The article concerns the medieval history of the strategic city al-Raqqa, situated at the junction of the Balīkh and Euphrates Rivers. After an overview of the city’s middle Islamic history, gathered from Islamic textual sources and archaeological finds, it focuses on the city’s history during the fifth/eleventh century, which is also its most obscure period, on which the textual sources are silent and archaeological finds are scanty. Eleventh century al Raqqa is revealed through several documents from the Cairo Geniza, which tell the story of the al- Lādhiqī family, whose members occupied leadership positions in the local Jewish community and around. Through the saga of the al-Lādhiqīs, some light is shed on the dimorphic rule exercised by the Bedouin tribe of Banū Numayr on the city and on the local Jewish community and the ways it integrated in the city and in the wider network of Jewish communities.