bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconstruction of complex plantar forefoot defects using free tissue flaps combined with contralateral instep thick skin grafts
Authors: Zhou Jiandong , Zhang Xingfei , Zhang Yuxuan , Wang Wencheng , Xu Yajun 
Published: April 2022

Purpose To evaluate the clinical efficacy of using free tissue flap combined with contralateral instep thick plantar skin in reconstructing complex plantar forefoot defects. Methods During the past 8 years, 15 patients, aged 25–60 years, with defects in the soft-tissue and composite bone of the forefoot were treated. Their defects were caused by trauma. These defects were all located on the plantar forefoot. The free tissue flaps transposed to reconstruct defects were anterolateral thigh flaps, groin flaps, and latissimus dorsi flaps. Flap size varied in width 4-cm and length (6–16 cm). The mean size of flaps was 80.3 cm2. The follow-up period ranged from 12 to 90 months (mean, 25.5 months). Results Partial flap loss was observed in one anterolateral thigh flap and one latissimus dorsi flap. One patient showed skin graft loss at the defect site, and the wound was re-epithelialized by changing dressings. Hyperkeratosis was not observed in any of the cases. All patients were able to walk near-normally within 2.5 months after surgery, and there was no recurrence of ulceration. Conclusion We advocate using a free tissue flap combined with contralateral instep thick plantar skin for reconstruction of moderate or large complex plantar forefoot defects.
YouTube as a Source of Patient Education for Transcranial Craniosynostosis Procedures
Authors: Stallwood-Hall Catrin , May Andrew , Moore Mark 
Published: April 2022

Introduction The internet has improved access to knowledge, with a reported 72% of internet users accessing health information online. YouTube is the most popular video-sharing website and is a frequently accessed source for health information. There are concerns, however, that patients and carers may be unable to identify and filter for trustworthy sources of information on these platforms. This study aimed to assess the quality of videos that are likely to be accessed when families search YouTube for transcranial procedures for the management of craniosynostosis. Methodology This was a cross-sectional, observational study that evaluated YouTube videos when searching for “fronto-orbital advancement” or “cranial vault remodeling.” The first 25 videos for each term were included. Videos were assessed for quality using the previously validated JAMA and DISCERN scoring tools. Results There was low interobserver variability for the scoring tools used. There was no statistically significant correlation between the video quality and any video characteristics assessed. Videos published by organizations had higher mean quality scores for both the JAMA and DISCERN tools when compared to surgeon, patient, or medical device company-produced videos. Conclusion This study showed that searching YouTube for fronto-orbital advancement and cranial vault remodeling yields videos of low quality and therefore patients and carers should be discouraged from “YouTube-ing” these procedures. Platforms such as YouTube may provide an opportunity for craniofacial units to create and disseminate high-quality educational videos to complement routine perioperative education.
Predictive Values of the Selected Inflammatory Indexes in Colon Cancer
Authors: Huang Li , Hu Zuojian , Luo Ruixian , Li Hailan , Yang Ziji , Qin Xue , Mo Zhuning 
Published: April 2022

Purpose Ample evidence has revealed that the lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), albumin-to-globulin ratio (AGR), and mean platelet volume (MPV) are cancer-related inflammatory markers. The present study aimed to combine these indicators to better assess the progression of colon cancer. Methods This retrospective study enrolled 251 patients with colon cancer, 171 patients with benign colon diseases, and 187 healthy control subjects. The receiver operating characteristic curve and area under the curve (AUC) were used to determine the diagnostic values of the selected inflammatory index. Results The levels of LMR, AGR, and MPV were decreased in the colon cancer group compared with the healthy control and benign colon disease groups. The LMR, AGR, and MPV were all correlated with tumor size. Moreover, LMR and AGR was associated with lymph node metastasis and clinical stage, AGR was related to distant metastasis. Both the LMR ( P = .030) and AGR ( P = .005) were negatively correlated with the concentration of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). The AUC value of MPV combined with CEA had a good diagnostic ability for distinguishing colon cancer cases (AUC = .950) and patients with benign colon diseases (AUC = .886) from controls. Meanwhile, the combination of LMR or AGR with CEA could enhance larger AUC (.746 for LMR + CEA, .737 for AGR + CEA) than CEA, LMR, or AGR alone in detecting colon cancer from benign colon diseases. Conclusions CEA combined with the LMR, AGR, or MPV may be used as better blood-based biomarkers in the progression of colon cancer patients.
Role of sacituzumab govitecan in solid tumors
Authors: Veeraballi Sindhusha , Khawar Zaineb , Aslam Hafiz Muhammad , Muzaffar Mahvish 
Published: April 2022

Objective To evaluate the antibody-drug conjugate- sacituzumab govitecan, its pharmacological properties, toxicity, data supporting efficacy against a wide variety of solid tumors beyond breast cancer, and potential future uses. Data Sources Articles in MEDLINE/PubMed databases and the National Institutes of Health Clinical Trials Registry ( http://www . clinicaltrials.gov) between January 1, 2015, and July 1, 2021 using MeSH terms sacituzumab govitecan(- hziy) and solid tumors were reviewed. Data Summary Antibody-drug conjugates (ADC's) are a subclass of emerging cancer therapeutics which combines chemotherapy with targeted antibodies. Sacituzumab govitecan (SG) is a novel antibody drug conjugate that has recently been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in adult patients for the treatment of unresectable locally advanced or metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC) who have received two or more prior systemic therapies, at least one of them for metastatic disease. The approval of sacituzumab govitecan provides a new option for solid tumors that need to be further explored. In this review article, we discussed the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, safety profile of sacituzumab govitecan and various ongoing clinical trials on sacituzumab govitecan. Conclusion Sacituzumab is a significant advancement made in cancer therapy. SG has showed significantly improved Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in addition to prolonged progression free survival and Over all survival in addition to maintaining a good safety profile. Multiple clinical trials on SG are ongoing to evaluate the potential use of SG as neoadjuvant therapy in triple negative breast cancer, as an Adjuvant therapy, in combination with immunotherapy, and also for various solid tumors.
Verbal Memory Interference in Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Meta-Analytic Review
Authors: Orban Sarah A. , Festini Sara B. , Yuen Erica K. , Friedman Lauren M. 
Published: April 2022

Objective: Interference control is used to overcome conflict among competing memory representations and may contribute to memory difficulties in ADHD. This meta-analytic review examined memory interference to evaluate susceptibility to proactive, retroactive, and memory control interference among those with ADHD. Method: Twenty studies (1987–2019) examining verbal memory interference in ADHD met inclusion criteria (age: 8–36 years). Proactive and retroactive interference indices were extracted from list-learning tasks, and memory control indices were extracted from experimental paradigms (e.g., directed-forgetting). Results: Children with ADHD were less affected by proactive interference ( g=−0.53, 95% CI [−0.75, −0.31]), whereas no significant differences were found in adults ( g=0.13, 95% CI [−0.02, 0.28]). Adults and children with ADHD exhibited more retroactive interference ( g=0.17, 95% CI [0.05, 0.29]) and performed worse on memory control tasks ( g=0.35, 95% CI [0.08, 0.62]) relative to controls. Conclusion: Differences in verbal memory interference control in ADHD were observed but effects were different depending upon interference type and participant age.
BPIFA2 as a Novel Early Biomarker to Identify Fatal Radiation Injury After Radiation Exposure
Authors: He Lexin , Zhou Shixiang , Li Weihong , Wang Qi , Qi Zhenhua , Zhou Pingkun , Wang Zhidong , Chen Jing , Li Yaqiong , Lin Zhongwu 
Published: April 2022

Background Current dosimeters cannot cope with the two tasks of medical rescue in the early stage of nuclear accident, the accurate determination of radiation exposure and the identification of patients with fatal radiation injury. As radiation can cause alterations in serum components, it is feasible to develop biomarkers for radiation injury from serum. This study aims to investigate whether serum BPIFA2 could be used as a potential biomarker of predicting fatal radiation injury in the early stage after nuclear accident. Methods A rabbit anti-mouse BPIFA2 polyclonal antibody was prepared to detect the expression of BPIFA2. C57BL/6J female mice were exposed to total body radiation (TBI) at different dose and Partial body radiation (PBI) at lethal dose to detect the dynamic changes of BPIFA2 in serum at different time points after irradiation by Western blot assay. Results BPIFA2 in mice serum were significantly increased at 1–12 h post-irradiation at .5–10 Gy, and increased again significantly at 3 d after 10 Gy irradiation with associated with mortality closely. It also increased rapidly after PBI and was closely related to injury degree, regardless whether the salivary glands were irradiated. Conclusions The increase of serum BPIFA2 is a novel early biomarker not only for identifying radiation exposure, but also for fatal radiation injury playing a vital role in rational use of medical resources, and greater efficiency of medical treatment to minimize casualties.
Depression screening in patients with vascular disease
Authors: Fan Rachel R , Rudnick Samuel B , Minami Hataka R , Chen Amy M , Zemela Mark S , Wittgen Catherine M , Williams Michael S , Smeds Matthew R 
Published: April 2022

Objectives Major depression is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in vascular surgery patients. The US Preventive Services Task Force and American Heart Association recommend routine depression screening for adults, especially those with cardiovascular disease. Since routine depression screening has not been implemented in most vascular surgery clinics across the nation, we sought to determine the feasibility of depression screening and understand the prevalence and predictors of depression in patients presenting to a single institution’s vascular surgery clinic over a 4 month period. Methods From June to September 2020, vascular surgery clinic patients were administered a 26-item survey that included validated scales for depression (PHQ-9), pain, frailty, alcohol dependence, and nicotine dependence. Although not validated, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale was also administered. Patient charts were reviewed for demographic information and medical history. 9-digit patient zip codes were used to determine Area Deprivation Index, a measure of socioeconomic status. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to understand the factors associated with increased depression prevalence in the study population. Results A total of 140 (36.4%) of 385 patients met study inclusion criteria. 35.7% of them screened positive for mild to severe depression (PHQ-9 scores ≥5). On univariate analysis, major depression was significantly associated with lower socioeconomic status ( p = 0.007), higher frailty ( p < 0.001), lower self-esteem ( p < 0.001), higher daily pain ( p < 0.001), health problems that interfere with social activities ( p < 0.001), fatigue ( p < 0.001), unmarried status ( p = 0.031), and lack of primary care provider ( p = 0.048). Multivariate analyses significantly predicted higher frailty (B= 0.487, p = 0.007) and lower self-esteem (B= −0.413, p < 0.001) in patients with depression. Depression was not associated with gender, age, employment status, smoking status, alcohol use, or type of vascular disease. Coclusions More than one-third of vascular surgery clinic patients have comorbid depression. Higher frailty and lower self-esteem are significant risk factors for depression. Prevention and early identification of frailty may improve outcomes. Depression screening in vascular surgery clinics is feasible and could be useful in determining which patients may benefit from more frequent follow-up and monitoring for associated comorbidities. Vascular surgeons may play an important role in screening for depression and referring patients for psychotherapy and/or pharmacotherapy.
Evaluating the Full Plate Living lifestyle intervention in low-income monolingual Latinas with and without food insecurity
Authors: Joachim-Célestin Maud , Rockwood Nicholas J , Clarke Camille , Montgomery Susanne B 
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Food insecurity has long been associated with poor physical and mental health, especially among women from underrepresented minorities. Despite efforts to reduce food insecurity, rates continue to rise and remain disproportionately high among Latinx living in the United States, a group reporting worse mental health symptoms than any other ethnic group during the COVID-19 pandemic. The need to reduce the health burden associated with food insecurity among Latinas is urgent and requires a more targeted and innovative approach. Interventions using a popular education approach have proven effective among underserved populations, especially when these are delivered by community health workers. However, food insecurity status of the participants is often unreported and it is not clear whether or not results vary between those with and without food insecurity. Objectives: The aim of this quasi-experimental study was to examine physical and mental health changes among Latinas with, and without, food insecurity following a multicomponent health intervention led by community health workers using a popular education approach. Methods: Enrolled obese Latinas (N = 98) with and without food insecurity responded to demographic, health behaviors and mental health surveys and completed biometric measurements at baseline, immediately following the intervention and at 3 months. Results: At baseline, participants with food insecurity reported more anxiety and depression than those without, but average body mass index was comparable. Depression, anxiety and body mass index were lower at 3 months post and no statistically significant differences were seen between the groups. Participants with food insecurity benefited as much from the intervention as those without. We found that, although community health workers are not licensed healthcare professionals, with proper training and support, they were able to successfully reduce the risk of chronic diseases and improve mental health symptoms among food-insecure Latinas. Conclusion: Given the promising results, similar interventions should be implemented on a larger scale in Latino communities among food insecure women. Long-term sustainability should also be explored.
Shared genetic background between SARS-CoV-2 infection and large artery stroke
Authors: Parodi Livia , Myserlis Evangelos Pavlos , Chung Jaeyoon , Georgakis Marios K , Mayerhofer Ernst , Henry Jonathan , Montgomery Bailey E , Moy Mandy , Xu Huichun , Malik Rainer , Langefeld Carl D , Dichgans Martin ,   NINDS-Stroke Genetics Network, Woo Daniel , Rosand Jonathan , Anderson Christopher D ,   on behalf of the International Stroke Genetics Consortium
Published: April 2022

Background and aims: Increased risk of stroke, particularly large artery stroke (LAS), has been observed in patients with COVID-19. The biological processes underlying the observed higher risk are still unknown. We explored the association between stroke subtypes and COVID-19 susceptibility to understand whether biological mechanisms specific to SARS-CoV-2 uptake/infection could be leading to excess stroke risk in this population. Patients and methods: We constructed a polygenic risk score (PRS) of COVID-19 susceptibility and tested its association with stroke subtypes using individual- and summary-level genetic data (SiGN, MEGASTROKE). We generated co-expression networks of genes involved in SARS-CoV-2 uptake/infection ( ACE2, TMPRSS2, BEST3, ISLR2 and ADAM17) based on existing tissue expression libraries. Gene-based association testing was performed using S-PrediXcan and VEGAS2. Permutation independence tests were performed to assess SARS-CoV-2-related gene enrichment in stroke and its subtypes. Results: Our PRS demonstrated an association between COVID-19 susceptibility and LAS in SiGN (OR = 1.05 per SD increase, 95% CI: (1.00, 1.10), p = 0.04) and MEGASTROKE (β = 0.510, 95% CI: (0.242, 0.779), FDR-p = 0.0019). The SARS-CoV-2 risk-related ISLR2 co-expression gene network was significantly associated with genetic risk of LAS in aorta, tibial arteries, and multiple brain regions (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Presence of genetic correlation and significant pathway enrichment suggest that increases in LAS risk reported in COVID-19 patients may be intrinsic to the viral infection, rather than a more generalized response to severe illness.
Complications associated with anterior plate fixation of distal radial fractures: a retrospective study of 599 patients
Authors: Andersen Michelle Fog , Landgren Marcus , Schmidt Linnea Bøgeskov , Hassani Galal 
Published: April 2022

We evaluated the incidence of postoperative complications following anterior locking plate fixation of distal radial fractures. We investigated whether there is an association with the patient’s age, severity of the fracture or surgeon’s experience. The medical records of all patients treated with anterior locking plate for a distal radial fracture between 2016 and 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Radiographs were evaluated regarding Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen/Orthopaedic Trauma Association (AO/OTA) classification, Soong grade and dorsal screw prominence. Six-hundred and three distal radial fractures treated with anterior locking plate fixation in 599 patients were included. The overall postoperative complication incidence was 11%. Secondary surgery was performed in 9%. No statistical significance in the incidence of complications was found regarding age, AO/OTA type or surgeon experience. Level of evidence: IV
Diabetes Specialists Value Continuous Glucose Monitoring Despite Challenges in Prescribing and Data Review Process
Authors: Kompala Tejaswi , Wong Jenise , Neinstein Aaron 
Published: April 2022

Background: Diabetes clinicians are key facilitators of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) provision, but data on provider behavior related to CGM use and CGM generated data are limited. Methods: We conducted a national survey of providers caring for people with diabetes on CGM-related opinions, facilitators and barriers to prescription, and data review practices. Results: Of 182 survey respondents, 73.2% worked at academic centers, 70.6% were endocrinologists, and 70.7% practiced in urban settings. Nearly 70% of providers reported CGM use in the majority of their patients with type 1 diabetes. Half of the providers reported CGM use in 10% to 50% of their patients with type 2 diabetes. All respondents believed CGM improved quality of life and could optimize diabetes control. We found no differences in reported rates of CGM use based on providers’ years of experience, patient volume, practice setting, or clinic type. Most providers reviewed CGM data each visit (97.7%) and actively involved patients in the data interpretation (98.8%). Only 14.1% of clinicians reported reviewing CGM data without any prompting from patients or their family members outside of visits. Most providers (80.7%) reported their CGM data review was valued by patients although only half reported having adequate time (45.1%) or an efficient process (56.1%) to do so. Conclusions: Despite uniform support for CGM by providers, ongoing challenges related to cost, insurance coverage, and difficulties with prescription were major barriers to CGM use. Increased use of CGM in appropriate populations will necessitate improvements in data access and integration, clearly defined workflows, and decreased administrative burden to obtain CGM.
Increased Neutrophil Infiltration and Epithelial Cell Proliferation in Sinonasal Inverted Papilloma Compared to Contralateral Nasal Polyps
Authors: Wang Huan , Zhou Jiaying , Shi Le , Zhang Chen , Li Wanpeng , Hu Li , Zhai Changwen , Sun Xicai 
Published: April 2022

Background Sinonasal inverted papilloma (IP) is a rare and benign epithelial tumor in the sinonasal tract. Recent study suggested the potential role of chronic inflammation in the pathogenesis of IP. This study aims to compare the inflammatory pattern, the capacity of epithelial cell proliferation and EGFR mutation status of unilateral IP with contralateral polyp tissue. Methods Sixteen patients with unilateral IP and contralateral nasal polyps (NP) were identified through a retrospective chart review. The neutrophil and eosinophil infiltration in IP and NP were assessed by immunostaining for neutrophil elastase and major basic protein (MBP). Immunohistochemistry was also used to assess the expression of FoxM1, Ki67 and cyclin D1 in IP tissue and contralateral NP. Sanger sequencing was used to evaluate the EGFR mutations. Results The neutrophil count in IP was significantly higher than contralateral NP and 68.8% patients presented with neutrophilic inflammation, whereas only 37.5% contralateral NP tissue showed neutrophilic inflammation. The percentage of positive FoxM1-staining cells was significantly increased in IP, and positively correlated with the percentage of cells with positive staining for cyclin D1 and ki67 as well as neutrophil counts. EGFR exon 20 insertions were detected in 14 (87.5%) IP samples and no EGFR mutations were found in contralateral NP sample. Conclusion Our study demonstrated distinct inflammatory pattern between IP and contralateral NP and implied the oncogenic role of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of IP. EGFR mutations may be the early event to initiate IP development by enhancing epithelial cell proliferation.