bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Introduction to the Zooniverse
Authors: Smith Arfon , Lynn Stuart , Lintott Chris 
Published: October 2022

The Zooniverse (zooniverse.org) began in 2007 with the launch of Galaxy Zoo, a project in which more than 175,000 people provided shape analyses of more than 1 million galaxy images sourced from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. In this session we will outline the current architecture of the Zooniverse platform and introduce new functionality being developed that should be of interest to the HCOMP community.
Ontology Quality Assurance with the Crowd
Authors: Mortensen Jonathan , Musen Mark , Noy Natalya 
Published: October 2022

The Semantic Web has the potential to change the Web as we know it. However, the community faces a significant challenge in managing, aggregating, and curating the massive amount of data and knowledge. Human computation is only beginning to serve an essential role in the curation of these Web-based data. Ontologies, which facilitate data integration and search, serve as a central component of the Semantic Web, but they are large, complex, and typically require extensive expert curation. Furthermore, ontology-engineering tasks require more knowledge than is required in a typical crowdsourcing-task. We have developed ontology-engineering methods that leverage the crowd. In this work, we describe our general crowdsourcing workflow. We then highlight our work on applying this workflow to ontology verification and quality assurance. In a pilot study, this method approaches expert ability, finding the same errors that experts identified with 86% accuracy in a faster and more scalable fashion. The work provides a general framework with which to develop crowdsourcing methods for the Semantic Web. In addition, it highlights opportunities for future research in human computation and crowdsourcing.
HiveMind: Tuning Crowd Response with a Single Value
Authors: Singh Preetjot , Lasecki Walter , Barelli Paulo , Bigham Jeffrey 
Published: October 2022

One common problem plaguing crowdsourcing tasks is tuning the set of worker responses: Depending on task requirements, requesters may want a large set of rich and varied worker responses (typically in subjective evaluation tasks) or a more convergent response-set (typically for more objective tasks such as fact-checking). This problem is especially salient in tasks that combine workers’ responses to present a single output: Divergence in these settings could either add richness and complexity to the unified answer, or noise. In this paper we present HiveMind, a system of methods that allow requesters to tune different levels of convergence in worker participation for different tasks simply by adjusting the value of one variable.
Enabling Physical Crowdsourcing On-the-Go with Context-Sensitive Notifications
Authors: Kim Yongsung , Harburg Emily , Azria Shana , Gerber Elizabeth , Gergle Darren , Zhang Haoqi 
Published: October 2022

This paper introduces the idea of presenting physical tasks into people’s existing routine so that people can contribute small tasks on-the-go with minimal effort. We present two on-the-go crowdsourcing systems: Libero for package delivery, and CrowdFound for finding lost items. To encourage contributions, we introduce notification techniques that present task opportunities when potential helpers are likely to accept. To direct people to regions where help is most needed, we introduce techniques for tracking a person’s location within a task region and directing their attention based on task history. Evaluation studies demonstrate the feasibility of on-the-go crowdsourcing and investigate questions over the likelihood of task completion, the perceived cost of disruption, and the effectiveness of tracking and coordination.
Extending Workers' Attention Span Through Dummy Events
Authors: Elmalech Avshalom , Sarne David , David Esther , Hajaj Chen 
Published: October 2022

This paper studies a new paradigm for improving the attention span of workers in tasks that heavily rely on user's attention to the occurrence of rare events. Such tasks are highly common, ranging from crime monitoring to controlling autonomous complex machines, and many of them are ideal for crowdsourcing. The underlying idea in our approach is to dynamically augment the task with some dummy (artificial) events at different times throughout the task, rewarding the worker upon identifying and reporting them. This, as an alternative to the traditional approach of exclusively relying on rewarding the worker for successfully identifying the event of interest itself. We propose three methods for timing the dummy events throughout the task. Two of these methods are static and determine the timing of the dummy events at random or uniformly throughout the task. The third method is dynamic and uses the identification (or misidentification) of dummy events as a signal for the worker's attention to the task, adjusting the rate of dummy events generation accordingly. We use extensive experimentation to compare the methods with the traditional approach of inducing attention through rewarding the identification of the event of interest and within the three. The analysis of the results indicates that with the use of dummy events a substantially more favorable tradeoff between the detection (of the event of interest) probability and the expected expense can be achieved, and that among the three proposed method the one that decides on dummy events on the fly is (by far) the best.
Permutation-Invariant Consensus over Crowdsourced Labels
Authors: Giancola Michael , Paffenroth Randy , Whitehill Jacob 
Published: October 2022

This paper introduces a novel crowdsourcing consensus model and inference algorithm — which we call PICA (Permutation-Invariant Crowdsourcing Aggregation) — that is designed to recover the ground-truth labels of a dataset while being invariant to the class permutations enacted by the different annotators. This is particularly useful for settings in which annotators may have systematic confusions about the meanings of different classes, as well as clustering problems (e.g., dense pixel-wise image segmentation) in which the names/numbers assigned to each cluster have no inherent meaning.The PICA model is constructed by endowing each annotator with a doubly-stochastic matrix (DSM), which models the probabilities that an annotator will perceive one class and transcribe it into another. We conduct simulations and experiments to show the advantage of PICA compared to two baselines (Majority Vote, and an "unpermutation" heuristic) for three different clustering/labeling tasks. We also explore the conditions under which PICA provides better inference accuracy compared to a simpler but related model based on right-stochastic matrices. Finally, we show that PICA can be used to crowdsource responses for dense image segmentation tasks, and provide a proof-of-concept that aggregating responses in this way could improve the accuracy of this labor-intensive task.
Who Is in Your Top Three? Optimizing Learning in Elections with Many Candidates
Authors: Garg Nikhil , Gelauff Lodewijk L. , Sakshuwong Sukolsak , Goel Ashish 
Published: October 2022

Elections and opinion polls often have many candidates, with the aim to either rank the candidates or identify a small set of winners according to voters’ preferences. In practice, voters do not provide a full ranking; instead, each voter provides their favorite K candidates, potentially in ranked order. The election organizer must choose K and an aggregation rule.
We provide a theoretical framework to make these choices. Each K-Approval or K-partial ranking mechanism (with a corresponding positional scoring rule) induces a learning rate for the speed at which the election recovers the asymptotic outcome. Given the voter choice distribution, the election planner can thus identify the rate optimal mechanism. Earlier work in this area provides coarse order-of-magnitude guaranties which are not sufficient to make such choices. Our framework further resolves questions of when randomizing between multiple mechanisms may improve learning for arbitrary voter noise models.
Finally, we use data from 5 large participatory budgeting elections that we organized across several US cities, along with other ranking data, to demonstrate the utility of our methods. In particular, we find that historically such elections have set K too low and that picking the right mechanism can be the difference between identifying the ultimate winner with only a 80% probability or a 99.9% probability after 400 voters.
Prevalence of anticonvulsant-induced vitamin D deficiency
Authors: Dontseva E. A. , Pilipenko P. I. , Shnayder N. A. , Petrova M. M. , Nasyrova R. F. 
Published: October 2022

Background. Epilepsy is a common disease in children and adults, requiring long-term or lifelong use of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in 60% of cases. Enzyme-inducing and enzyme-inhibiting AEDs may have a negative effect on vitamin D metabolism. However, at present, standard treatment protocols for patients with epilepsy include no nutrients and vitamin-mineral vitamin D containing complexes.Objective: to analyze studies on the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency induced by AEDs intake in patients with epilepsy.Material and methods. The search for full-text publications in Russian and English was carried out in еLibrary, PubMed/ MEDLINE, ClinicalKey, Google Scholar databases, covering the last five years. The analysis included 9 domestic and 54 foreign epidemiological studies assessing prevalence of AED-induced vitamin D deficiency and, consequently, altered bone mineralization and osteomalacia/osteoporosis.Results. Both in children and adults, the prevalence of AED-induced vitamin D deficiency reaches 40% and even higher. The region of residence of patients with epilepsy does not significantly affect this indicator. Impaired bone mineralization is associated with AED-induced vitamin D deficiency and requires the inclusion of vitamin D in the protocols of disease-modifying epilepsy therapy in children and adults.Conclusion. The results of the review showed high relevance of the discussed interdisciplinary problem and need to introduce laboratory screening of vitamin D deficiency among pediatric and adult patients with epilepsy.
investigating the effect of Infodemic on the Perception and Willingness to Take the COVID – 19 Vaccine in Delta State, Nigeria
Authors: Kingsley Egun Nkonyeasua , Chukwuemeke Igborgbor Jude 
Published: October 2022

Introduction: The rollout of COVID-19 vaccine in response to the COVID-19 pandemic has been accompanied by infodemic. This study ascertained the influence of infodemic on individuals’ willingness to be vaccinated for increased vaccine coverage in Delta State.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 2500 respondents across the twenty five Local Government Areas in Delta State, with age of at least 15 years were selected using stratified random sampling to provide an appropriate demographic representation. A researcher – made questionnaire including demographic characteristics and questions related to participants' knowledge and attitude regarding COVID-19 vaccine was used. Descriptive Statistics of Frequency (Percentage) was used for data analysis using Microsoft Excel software version 2016.
Results: Demography of respondents showed that secondary education was highest (43%), while 50% of the respondents were urban dwellers. 80.44% of the respondents admitted to the existence of the virus, while 45.84% admitted to its existence in Delta State. 27.68% of the respondents were willing to take the COVID-19 vaccine; while 58.08% declined. 63% of respondents had access to social media; and majority of them (52%) admitted to not verifying health information seen on social media with medical experts. Majority of the respondents willing to take the vaccine were aged 45 to 60 years (42.37%); reside in urban areas, have tertiary education, access to social media; and often verified health information with medical experts. Infodemic about the COVID-19 vaccine and lack of trust in the government were identified as the major debilitating factors to the public acceptance of the vaccine.
Conclusion: Improving COVID-19 vaccine coverage in Delta State requires a holistic approach of combating misinformation about the vaccine,, regulation of health information shared on the social media space, and criminalizing the act of infodemic.
Investigation of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Women in Solid Waste Recycling in Kashan
Authors: Akbari Marzieh , Rahimi Habibollah , Zavareh Fatemeh Hamamian , Mostafaei Gholamreza , Rahmani Hasan 
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Recycling is one of the main elements of comprehensive waste management. This study aims to investigate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of women towards solid waste recycling in Kashan.
Methods: In this descriptive study, 368 women were selected from households by random sampling. The data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22 with descriptive statistics and analytical tests at a significance level of 0.05.
Results: The scores of knowledge, attitude, and practice of women were 4.1±83.74, 14.3±75.54, and 4.1±45.29, respectively. The results showed that 37.2% of women in Kashan had good knowledge, 43.1% had good attitude, and 57.2% had good performance towards solid waste recycling. A significant difference was observed between the level of performance among different educational groups in terms of attitude and knowledge, between the level of knowledge of individuals and occupational groups, and between the level of knowledge of people in terms of marital status, and between different groups of owners and tenants in terms of knowledge.
Conclusion: It seems that the performance of women in Kashan was at an acceptable level compared to others participants in other studies.
Outorga Onerosa do Direito de Construir em Município com Processo Acelerado de Expansão e Urbanização: o caso de Marabá, Pará (2006 – 2013)
Authors: Malaquias da Costa Gibran , Vasconcellos Sobrinho Mário , De Albuquerque Vasconcellos Ana Maria 
Published: October 2022

O artigo discute a aplicação da Outorga Onerosa do Direito de Construir (OODC) enquanto instrumento de gestão da política urbana preconizado pelo Estatuto da Cidade. Em particular, debate a implantação da OODC em Marabá, estado do Pará no período de 2006 – 2013. Marabá foi escolhido por ser um município que sofre acelerado processo de expansão e urbanização. Trata-se de uma pesquisa com abordagem qualitativa que apreendeu dados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com técnicos e gestores de instituições públicas envolvidas na implantação do instrumento no município. O artigo demonstra que até o momento a implantação da OODC em cidades de médio porte tem sido limitado em escopo e resultados. Isto se dá por vários motivos. Destacam-se entre eles a falta de entendimento do significado de OODC, a carência de capital humano para sua aplicabilidade e falta de normatização do cálculo a ser adotado.
Gobernanza y Participación Ciudadana nn la Administración Pública Española: Avances, Retrocesos y Aprendizajes
Authors: Pineda Nebot Carmen , Pinheiro de Andrade Herbert Cristhiano 
Published: October 2022

Diversos países que sufrieron regímenes dictatoriales han buscado desarrollar una democracia plena. En esa transición, la estructura política, legal, geográfica, gubernamental, económica y de administración pública también sufre transformaciones. En este sentido, la participación ciudadana en la administración pública y la gobernanza democrática emergen como enfoques a alcanzar en el proceso de desarrollo de la democracia. Con esta concepción, el objetivo de este artículo es analizar este proceso en España. Específicamente, se buscó identificar en ese proceso los avances, retrocesos yaprendizajes.
PLANTAS ALIMENTÍCIAS NÃO CONVENCIONAIS NO CONTEXTO DA EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL
Authors: Reis Matos de Aquino Délio , Do Socorro Almeida Flores Maria 
Published: October 2022

O avanço da indústria maquinofatureira a partir do século XVIII na Europa, a necessidade do uso exacerbado de matérias-primas renováveis e não renováveis para uma produção em escala planetária, a utilização de um arsenal de produtos químicos e o consequente rejeito desequilibrado de diversos tipos de resíduos, a violenta agressão ao meio ambiente, o crescimento acelerado da população mundial e a necessidade cada vez maior de consumo seja necessário seja supérfluo, contribuíram para a formação de resistências e de movimentos favoráveis à conservação da natureza que são evidencia- dos em eventos mundiais, como a Conferência de Estocolmo (1972), o Protocolo de Montreal (1987), a criação do Fundo Global para o Meio Ambiente (1991) pelo Banco Mundial, a Eco-92 no Rio de Janeiro, o Protocolo de Kyoto (1997), a Rio+20 (2012), entre outros.
A AGROECOLOGIA NA GESTÃO AMBIENTAL DE AGROECOSSISTEMAS: ASSENTAMENTOS RURAIS NA AMAZÔNIA BRASILEIRA
Authors: Fernandes Corrêa Igor Luiz , Quaresma Maneschy Rosana 
Published: October 2022

Os atuais padrões de desenvolvimento carregam consigo a lógica de crescimento econômico através do aumento de produção/consumo, isso se caracterizou desde a revolução industrial, e ganhou força no século passado. A economia global seguindo este caminho inevitavelmente causará escassez dos recursos naturais, haja vista que os impactos ambientais ocasionados pela sociedade no século XX multiplicaram-se extraordinariamente após a segunda guerra mundial, evidenciando a partir da década de 70 que o modo de organização econômica global, altamente predatória dos recursos naturais, tornou-se cada vez mais insustentável.Este modelo de desenvolvimento ocasionou uma crescente artificialização dos ecossistemas a partir da chamada Revolução Verde. Neste período, o paradigma cientí- fico-tecnológico impulsionou na agricultura a criação de monoculturas, o uso intensivo dos solos, o uso de fertilizantes químicos, o controle químico de pragas e doenças, a utilização indiscriminada da água e a transgenia.
IMPACTOS SOCIOAMBIENTAIS DE GRANDES PROJETOS E ORGANIZAÇÕES COMUNITÁRIAS NA AMAZÔNIA: CONFLITO COMO FORÇA MOTRIZ!
Authors: Farias André Luís Assunção de , Ferreira Gessivaldo de Jesus Da Silva , Freitas Marcus Robert Ferreira 
Published: October 2022

Este artigo discute o aumento dos conflitos socioambientais e injustiças sociais que afetam o modo de vida de populações ribeirinhas, pescadores artesanais, agricultores rurais e outras, consideradas minorias vulneráveis em decorrência da implantação de grandes projetos na Amazônia, mais precisamente a possível implantação do terminal portuário de uso privado TUP de Abaetetuba da empresa norte americana Cargill em Urubuéua- Abaetetuba. Trata-se de uma análise dos impactos indiretos, uma vez que o porto ainda não foi implantado. O objetivo geral é compreender como os impactos socioambientais latentes da implantação do porto da Cargill se relacionam com as organizações sociais da comunidade da Ilha do Capim. Foram realizadas pesquisas de base documental, bibliográfica, entrevistas semiestruturadas e observação direta. Os resultados apontam que os impactos socioambientais provocados pelo processo de instalação do Porto da Cargill trazem prejuízos aos moradores, prejudicando atividades tradicionais, como a pesca, interferindo diretamente na vida cotidiana da comunidade, por sua vez gerando um processo dialético com a criação de novos processos e espaços organizativos e resistência política.
Technology of vocabulary development in English lessons for students of grades 5–6 with poor hearing
Authors: Saltanat Seitimbetova , Akbota Autayeva , Svetlana Shengelbaeva , Gulnur Nurlanova , Dinara Karataeva 
Published: October 2022

The purpose of this research is to get teachers' opinions on the use of word development technology in English lessons for grade school students. In this study, the phenomenology design, one of the qualitative research models, was used. The study group for the research consists of 20 English teachers working in various schools for the hearing-impaired in Kazakhstan. Research data were collected with a semi-structured interview form developed by the researchers. As a result of the research, it has been determined that the majority of English teachers participating in the research support the use of technology in the education of hearing-impaired fifth- to sixth-grade students, and they sometimes use word development technology in the education of hearing-impaired fifth- to sixth-grade students. The majority of English teachers stated that they sometimes use word development technology in the education of hearing-impaired fifth- to sixth-grade students; that it has a positive effect on the participation of students with hearing impairments; that it makes it easier for students with hearing impairments to understand what they read; and that it facilitates the success of hearing-impaired students.
Keywords: Vocabulary development technology, English education, teacher opinions;
Prácticas Inclusivas en Tiempos De Pandemia
Authors: Olarte Artunduaga María Cristina 
Published: October 2022

La diversidad y la inclusión educativa constituyen temas recurrentes en las políticas, planes y programas, así como en las prácticas cotidianas en el aula; siendo estas garantes de la participación de todas las personas en igualdad de oportunidades. En la actualidad la crisis sanitaria por COVID -19 obliga a experimentar dinámicas diferentes a las tradicionalmente utilizadas en los procesos educativos. Este artículo se enfoca en las experiencias de docentes y profesionales de apoyo, haciendo especial énfasis en el desarrollo de las prácticas pedagógicas en los procesos de inclusión durante el aislamiento obligatorio, utilizando como perspectiva metodológica la sistematización de experiencias propuesta por Oscar Jara, la cual permite reconstruir los saberes y resignificar la práctica como resultado de la necesidad de una transformación en el espacio educativo.
ANALISIS FREKUENSI BUNYI DAN CEPAT RAMBAT GELOMBANG BUNYI PADA ALAT MUSIK TRADISIONAL ANGKLUNG
Authors: Nurhidayati Anisa , Lesmono Albertus Djoko , Nuraini Lailatul 
Published: October 2022

The research is motivated by cultural aspects that must be preserved and studied in various scientific fields, including physics. One of the interesting cultural elements to study is the traditional musical instrument, the angklung. This study aims to analyze the frequency and speed of sound waves in angklung. The benefit of this research is to get the cognitive content of science and as a form of cultural preservation of the angklung musical instrument. This type of research is quantitative with experimental methods. Collecting data is by measuring the physical quantities on the angklung. The data analysis technique used is graphical analysis and mathematical calculations. The results obtained are that the length of the angklung tube is inversely proportional to the frequency of the sound produced. Mathematical calculations can get the value of the speed of sound wave propagation according to the closed organ pipe concept. Based on the calculation results, the speed of sound waves in angklung is 340.11 m/s.
Keywords: angklung, frequency of sound, speed of sound