bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of the ARCH Project on National Capacity Development on Disaster Health Management among the ASEAN Member States and Japan
Authors: Kita Taro , Limpaporn Sansana , Silapunt Phumin , Koido Yuichi , Toyokuni Yoshiki , Ikeda Shuichi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjective:This report tries to capture the impact of the Project for Strengthening the ASEAN Regional Capacity on Disaster Health Management (ARCH Project) in each ASEAN Member State (AMS) and Japan as a result of the ARCH Project implementation since July 2016.Methods:Impact on AMS: The analysis of the impact on AMS was based on a comparison of the impact of the project on management and coordination of Emergency Medical Teams (EMTs), and application of the project outcome in actual emergency operations compared to the previous status in each AMS.Impact on Japan: The history of the development of disaster medicine in Japan was reviewed, with an aim to analyze the impact of supporting AMS through the ARCH Project on Japan, and the possibility of bi-directional cooperation in the future.Results:Impact on AMS: Since the initiation of the ARCH Project, AMS has made significant progress in WHO EMT accreditation, strengthening EMTCC capacity for receiving international assistance, as well as the development of legislation or strategic plans related to DHM, and application of the Project products such as standard operating procedures or regional tools in actual disasters/emergencies.Impact on Japan: Disaster medicine in Japan originated from the Cambodian refugees’ relief mission in 1979. Since then, the management system has been strengthened including the foundation of the Japan Disaster Relief (JDR) Team, a structure with a legal foundation. The experience gained through international operations has contributed to the development of Japan’s domestic disaster response system. Japan learned the operational effectiveness of the post-disaster health surveillance system through the disaster response operation in 2013 Typhoon Yolanda Disaster in Philippines and introduced a modified system in Japan for domestic disaster response, which was later refined and proposed for an international standard.Conclusion:ARCH Project is highly appreciated by AMS as the opportunity to share knowledge and experience among countries and thereby contributing to achieving the “One ASEAN, One Response” concept, as well as the driving force for each AMS to develop its capacity in DHM. While the ARCH Project started to support AMS to strengthen its regional capacity in disaster health management, it is important to build a bi-directional relationship between ASEAN and Japan in terms of mutual learning and support to tackle future disasters.
Impact of the COVID‐19 Economic Downturn on Tropospheric Ozone Trends: An Uncertainty Weighted Data Synthesis for Quantifying Regional Anomalies Above Western North America and Europe
Authors: Chang Kai‐Lan , Cooper Owen R. , Gaudel Audrey , Allaart Marc , Ancellet Gerard , Clark Hannah , Godin‐Beekmann Sophie , Leblanc Thierry , Van Malderen Roeland , Nédélec Philippe , Petropavlovskikh Irina , Steinbrecht Wolfgang , Stübi René , Tarasick David W. , Torres Carlos 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study quantifies the association between the COVID‐19 economic downturn and 2020 tropospheric ozone anomalies above Europe and western North America, and their impact on long‐term trends. Anomaly detection for an atmospheric time series is usually carried out by identifying potentially aberrant data points relative to climatological values. However, detecting ozone anomalies from sparsely sampled ozonesonde profiles (once per week at most sites) is challenging due to ozone's high temporal variability. We first demonstrate the challenges for summarizing regional trends based on independent time series from multiple nearby ozone profiling stations. We then propose a novel regional‐scale anomaly detection framework based on generalized additive mixed models, which accounts for the sampling frequency and inherent data uncertainty associated with each vertical profile data set, measured by ozonesondes, lidar or commercial aircraft. This method produces a long‐term monthly time series with high vertical resolution that reports ozone anomalies from the surface to the middle‐stratosphere under a unified framework, which can be used to quantify the regional‐scale ozone anomalies during the COVID‐19 economic downturn. By incorporating extensive commercial aircraft data and frequently sampled ozonesonde profiles above Europe, we show that the complex interannual variability of ozone can be adequately captured by our modeling approach. The results show that free tropospheric ozone negative anomalies in 2020 are the most profound since the benchmark year of 1994 for both Europe and western North America, and positive trends over 1994–2019 are diminished in both regions by the 2020 anomalies.
Magmatism at Passive Margins: Effects of Depth‐Dependent Wide Rifting and Lithospheric Counterflow
Authors: Lu Gang , Huismans Ritske S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRifted passive margins exhibit a large variety in the timing, distribution, and amount of magmatism. The factors controlling magmatism during rifted margin formation, remain, however, incompletely understood, partly owing to the complex rifting styles. In this study, we use 2‐Dimensional numerical models to investigate the effects of depth‐dependent wide rifting and lithospheric counterflow on magmatism during rifted margin formation. Results show that a strong crust promotes narrow margins with a sharp transition to normal thickness oceanic crust whereas a weak crust promotes depth‐dependent wide rifting, with preferential removal of mantle lithosphere, leading to formation of wide margins with over‐thickened (>18 km) igneous crust in the distal margin. Counterflow of depleted lithospheric mantle, in contrast, may delay syn‐rift magmatism, and result in exhumed a‐magmatic continental mantle at narrow margins. The combination of wide rifting and lithospheric counterflow results in magma‐poor wide margins, with in some cases a transition to excess magmatic activity at breakup. Our models provide an explanation for the contrasting magmatic productivity at narrow and wide rifted margins, such as observed in the Lofoten‐Vesterålen, Newfoundland, Kwanza Basin, and Orange Basin margins.
Thermal Equations of State of Corundum and Rh2O3 (II)‐Type Al2O3 up to 153 GPa and 3400 K
Authors: Shi Weigang , Wei Wei , Sun Ningyu , Mao Zhu , Prakapenka Vitali B. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this study, we present new experimental constraints on the thermal equations of state of corundum and Rh2O3(II)‐type Al2O3 up to 153 GPa and 3400 K using synchrotron X‐ray diffraction in laser‐heated diamond anvil cells. Corundum was observed to transform into a mixture of corundum and Rh2O3(II)‐type Al2O3 at 106 GPa and 2300 K, accompanied by a strong kinetic barrier. The Rh2O3(II)‐type Al2O3 further transforms into the CaIrO3‐phase at 156 GPa and 3700 K. The transition from corundum to Rh2O3(II)‐type Al2O3 along a normal mantle geotherm could lead to a 1.9(5)% increase in density (ρ) but a 0.6(3)% decrease in bulk sound velocity (VΦ). Al2O3 is one of the major components of the anorthositic crust once this old crust was subducted to the deep mantle. Using the obtained thermoelastic parameters, we further modeled ρ and VΦ profiles of primordial anorthositic crust and found that the subducted fate of the primordial anorthositic crust depended strongly on its temperature. Our modeling reveals that primordial anorthositic crust along a normal mantle geotherm could descend to the transition zone but be trapped at the topmost lower mantle with a greater VΦ. Sinking of the anorthositic crust to the lower mantle can only occur along a 500–1000 K colder slab geotherm.
Spatial and Interannual Patterns of Epipelagic Summer Mesozooplankton Community Structures in the Western Arctic Ocean in 2016–2020
Authors: Kim Jee‐Hoon , La Hyoung Sul , Cho Kyoung‐Ho , Jung Jinyoung , Kang Sung‐Ho , Lee Kanghyun , Yang Eun Jin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMesozooplankton play a crucial role as primary or secondary consumers in Arctic ecosystems and are sensitive indicators of environmental changes. This research is the first comprehensive Arctic zooplankton study covering the area ranging from the southern Chukchi Sea (SCS) and the northern Chukchi Sea (NCS) to the East Siberian Sea (ESS). Mesozooplankton samples were collected at 151 stations in the western Arctic Ocean each August from 2016 to 2020. The mesozooplankton abundance of the study area ranged from 9 to 6,172 ind. m−3, and the predominant group was copepods at 7–3,866 ind. m−3, of which Pseudocalanus spp. and Calanus glacialis were the most abundant copepods. In the SCS, small copepods and meroplankton, such as Pseudocalanus spp., Cirripedia larvae, Echinodermata larvae, and Centropages abdominalis were the predominant taxa. Especially in 2019, C. abdominalis dominated over meroplankton when water temperatures were high (maximum 12.5°C; sea surface temperature, SST). In the NCS and ESS, C. glacialis, Pseudocalanus spp., Metridia longa, Oithona similis, Parasagitta elegans, and Calanus hyperboreus were abundant. The distributions and structures of mesozooplankton communities indicated variability over large spatial scales in the western Arctic waters because of variations in multiple factors, such as water temperature, salinity, and sea ice; however, geographical effects cannot be ignored even during alterations in the physical properties. Our results suggest that these variable patterns of mesozooplankton communities fluctuate horizontally from south to north as warming progresses on a regional bathymetric basis, and can be used to infer the fate of mesozooplankton communities in the study area.
Long‐Lead Predictability of Western North Pacific Subtropical High
Authors: Pan Mengxin , Lu Mengqian 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe present a new assembly of three steppingstones in thorough inquiry of the complex chain reaction from the diverse equatorial sea surface temperature (SST) pattern two‐season ahead to the East Asia summer weather condition, by regarding the western North Pacific subtropical high (WNPSH) as an anchor. We identified three predictors that are discordant with conventional climatic indices and achieve a good skill in the summer WNPSH prediction (temporal correlation coefficient of 0.78) with a two‐season long lead in the leave‐1‐year‐out cross‐validation during 1981–2020, despite the diversity of El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Indian ocean dipole (IOD) patterns. Specifically, the first predictor captures the initiation and development of both IOD and El Niño via the SST warming over central equatorial Pacific in autumn; the second one serves as a better delegate of IOD by capturing the easterly acceleration over tropical Indian ocean; the third one illustrates the unprecedented informative role of upper‐level high pressure over the entire tropics in the WNPSH prediction with 5months lead time. They mediate the discordance between conventional climate indices and the diverse WNPSH response and caution people to revisit and rethink the complex atmosphere‐ocean coupled response from the diverse tropical SST patterns two seasons ahead to EA summer weather condition.
The ICON Earth System Model Version 1.0
Authors: Jungclaus J. H. , Lorenz S. J. , Schmidt H. , Brovkin V. , Brüggemann N. , Chegini F. , Crüger T. , De‐Vrese P. , Gayler V. , Giorgetta M. A. , Gutjahr O. , Haak H. , Hagemann S. , Hanke M. , Ilyina T. , Korn P. , Kröger J. , Linardakis L. , Mehlmann C. , Mikolajewicz U. , Müller W. A. , Nabel J. E. M. S. , Notz D. , Pohlmann H. , Putrasahan D. A. , Raddatz T. , Ramme L. , Redler R. , Reick C. H. , Riddick T. , Sam T. , Schneck R. , Schnur R. , Schupfner M. , von Storch J.‐S. , Wachsmann F. , Wieners K.‐H. , Ziemen F. , Stevens B. , Marotzke J. , Claussen M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis work documents the ICON‐Earth System Model (ICON‐ESM V1.0), the first coupled model based on the ICON (ICOsahedral Non‐hydrostatic) framework with its unstructured, icosahedral grid concept. The ICON‐A atmosphere uses a nonhydrostatic dynamical core and the ocean model ICON‐O builds on the same ICON infrastructure, but applies the Boussinesq and hydrostatic approximation and includes a sea‐ice model. The ICON‐Land module provides a new framework for the modeling of land processes and the terrestrial carbon cycle. The oceanic carbon cycle and biogeochemistry are represented by the Hamburg Ocean Carbon Cycle module. We describe the tuning and spin‐up of a base‐line version at a resolution typical for models participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP). The performance of ICON‐ESM is assessed by means of a set of standard CMIP6 simulations. Achievements are well‐balanced top‐of‐atmosphere radiation, stable key climate quantities in the control simulation, and a good representation of the historical surface temperature evolution. The model has overall biases, which are comparable to those of other CMIP models, but ICON‐ESM performs less well than its predecessor, the Max Planck Institute Earth System Model. Problematic biases are diagnosed in ICON‐ESM in the vertical cloud distribution and the mean zonal wind field. In the ocean, sub‐surface temperature and salinity biases are of concern as is a too strong seasonal cycle of the sea‐ice cover in both hemispheres. ICON‐ESM V1.0 serves as a basis for further developments that will take advantage of ICON‐specific properties such as spatially varying resolution, and configurations at very high resolution.
Exploring Pathways to More Accurate Machine Learning Emulation of Atmospheric Radiative Transfer
Authors: Ukkonen Peter 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMachine learning (ML) parameterizations of subgrid physics is a growing research area. A key question is whether traditional ML methods such as feed‐forward neural networks (FNNs) are better suited for representing only specific processes. Radiation schemes are an interesting example, because they compute radiative flows through the atmosphere using well‐established physical equations. The sequential aspect of the problem implies that FNNs may not be well‐suited for it. This study explores whether emulating the entire radiation scheme is more difficult than its components without vertical dependencies. FNNs were trained to replace a shortwave radiation scheme, its gas optics component, and its reflectance‐transmittance computations. In addition, a novel recurrent NN (RNN) method was developed to structurally incorporate the vertical dependence and sequential nature of radiation computations. It is found that a bidirectional RNN with an order of magnitude fewer model parameters than FNN is considerably more accurate, while offering a smaller but still significant 4‐fold speedup over the original code on CPUs, and a larger speedup on GPUs. The RNN predicts fluxes with less than 1% error, and heating rates computed from fluxes have a root‐mean‐square‐error of 0.16 K day−1 in offline tests using a year of global data. Finally, FNNs emulating gas optics are very accurate while being several times faster. As with RNNs emulating radiative transfer, the smaller dimensionality may be crucial for developing models that are general enough to be used as parameterizations.
Provenance of Inorganic Carbon Sinks in Closed Basins
Authors: Li Yu , Hao Lu , Han Qin , Zhang Yuxin , Peng Simin , Zhang Xinzhong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMuch dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) may exist in lacustrine carbonates in the terminal lakes of closed basins in arid areas, and inorganic carbon sinks in arid regions are an important hypothesis of global carbon cycle research in recent years. Previous studies have made significant progress in estimating the inorganic carbon content. However, the source of inorganic carbon sinks remains unclear. Here, we choose four typical arid closed basins in North China to investigate the provenance of inorganic carbon sinks. The results show that CO2 absorbed by saline‐alkaline soil is the main source of groundwater DIC in the study area, with a contribution rate of approximately 50%. Forty‐three groundwater radiocarbon ages from arid closed basins indicate that the DIC in groundwater is transported along the direction of water flow and deposited in terminal lakes, forming inorganic carbon sinks. Our study suggests that the total inorganic carbon contents of Zhuye Lake, Yanchi Lake, Huahai Lake, and Qinghai Lake in the Holocene are 0.318 Pg, 0.003 Pg, 0.160 Pg, and 3.289 Pg, respectively. The results demonstrate that inorganic carbon sinks are much larger than lake organic carbon storage, thereby serving as an important carbon cycle factor in arid regions.
Indoxyl sulfate- and P-cresol-induced monocyte adhesion and migration is mediated by integrin-linked kinase-dependent podosome formation
Authors: Campillo Sofía , Bohorquez Lourdes , Gutiérrez-Calabrés Elena , García-Ayuso Diego , Miguel Verónica , Griera Mercedes , Calle Yolanda , de Frutos Sergio , Rodríguez-Puyol Manuel , Rodríguez-Puyol Diego , Calleros Laura 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCardiovascular disease is an important cause of death in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Protein-bound uremic toxins, such as p-cresyl and indoxyl sulfate (IS), are poorly removed during hemodialysis, leading to vascular endothelial dysfunction and leukocyte extravasation. These processes can be related to dynamic adhesion structures called podosomes. Several studies have indicated the role of integrin-linked kinase (ILK) in the accumulation of integrin-associated proteins in podosomes. Here, we investigated the involvement of ILK and podosome formation in the adhesion and extravasation of monocytes under p-cresol (pc) and IS exposure. Incubation of THP-1 human monocyte cells with these toxins upregulated ILK kinase activity. Together, both toxins increased cell adhesion, podosome formation, extracellular matrix degradation, and migration of THP-1 cells, whereas ILK depletion with specific small interfering RNAs suppressed these processes. Interestingly, F-actin colocalized with cortactin in podosome cores, while ILK was colocalized in podosome rings under toxin stimulation. Podosome Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP)-interacting protein (WIP) and AKT protein depletion demonstrated that monocyte adhesion depends on podosome formation and that the ILK/AKT signaling pathway is involved in these processes. Ex vivo experiments showed that both toxins induced adhesion and podosome formation in leukocytes from wild-type mice, whereas these effects were not observed in leukocytes of conditional ILK-knockdown animals. In summary, under pc and IS stimulation, monocytes increase podosome formation and transmigratory capacity through an ILK/AKT signaling pathway-dependent mechanism, which could lead to vascular injury. Therefore, ILK could be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of vascular damage associated with CKD.
Region-based analysis of rare genomic variants in whole-genome sequencing datasets reveal two novel Alzheimer’s disease-associated genes: DTNB and DLG2
Authors: Prokopenko Dmitry , Lee Sanghun , Hecker Julian , Mullin Kristina , Morgan Sarah , Katsumata Yuriko ,   Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), Weiner Michael W. , Fardo David W. , Laird Nan , Bertram Lars , Hide Winston , Lange Christoph , Tanzi Rudolph E. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a genetically complex disease for which nearly 40 loci have now been identified via genome-wide association studies (GWAS). We attempted to identify groups of rare variants (alternate allele frequency <0.01) associated with AD in a region-based, whole-genome sequencing (WGS) association study (rvGWAS) of two independent AD family datasets (NIMH/NIA; 2247 individuals; 605 families). Employing a sliding window approach across the genome, we identified several regions that achieved association p values <10−6, using the burden test or the SKAT statistic. The genomic region around the dystobrevin beta (DTNB) gene was identified with the burden and SKAT test and replicated in case/control samples from the ADSP study reaching genome-wide significance after meta-analysis (pmeta = 4.74 × 10−8). SKAT analysis also revealed region-based association around the Discs large homolog 2 (DLG2) gene and replicated in case/control samples from the ADSP study (pmeta = 1 × 10−6). In conclusion, in a region-based rvGWAS of AD we identified two novel AD genes, DLG2 and DTNB, based on association with rare variants.
Colorectal liver metastasis: molecular mechanism and interventional therapy
Authors: Zhou Hui , Liu Zhongtao , Wang Yongxiang , Wen Xiaoyong , Amador Eric H. , Yuan Liqin , Ran Xin , Xiong Li , Ran Yuping , Chen Wei , Wen Yu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequently occurring malignancy tumors with a high morbidity additionally, CRC patients may develop liver metastasis, which is the major cause of death. Despite significant advances in diagnostic and therapeutic techniques, the survival rate of colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM) patients remains very low. CRLM, as a complex cascade reaction process involving multiple factors and procedures, has complex and diverse molecular mechanisms. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms/pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment of CRLM. We also focus on an overview of the recent advances in understanding the molecular basis of CRLM with a special emphasis on tumor microenvironment and promise of newer targeted therapies for CRLM, further improving the prognosis of CRLM patients.
Schizophrenia risk loci from xMHC region were associated with antipsychotic response in chronic schizophrenic patients with persistent positive symptom
Authors: Li Jiang , Yoshikawa Akane , Alliey-Rodriguez Ney , Meltzer Herbert Y. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe examined whether common variants from the extended major histocompatibility complex (xMHC) region contribute to the response to antipsychotic drugs (APDs) in patients with schizophrenia with persistent psychosis. Subjects participated in a prospective longitudinal study of the effect of APDs on psychopathology were temporally split into discovery (n = 88) and replication (n = 42) cohorts. The primary endpoint was a change in Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale at 6-week or 6-month after treatment. rs204991 (β = 3.917, p = 3.72 × 10−6), the strongest signal associated with response at 6-week was located near C4A/C4B after a linear regression adjusted for covariates. xMHC SNP imputation disclosed much stronger signals (rs9268469, β = 5.140, p = 1.57 × 10−7) and other weaker signals (p < 1 × 10−5) spanning the entire xMHC region. All the variants were previously identified schizophrenia risk loci. Conditional fine-mapping revealed three subgroups of SNPs which were the eQTLs (p < 1 × 10−7) for C4A, HLA-C, and BTN3A2 in disease-relevant tissue. Epistasis between HLA-C and C4A was observed (p = 0.019). Minor allele (G) carriers of rs204991, eQTL for C4A, having decreased risk for schizophrenia and lower imputed expression of C4A, had a better response to APDs. Some imputed HLA alleles associated with a decreased risk for schizophrenia had a positive association with improvement in psychotic symptoms. An independent cohort validated the association of change in psychosis with C4A. We provide evidence that genetic risk factors for schizophrenia from the xMHC region are associated with response to APDs and those variants significantly alter the imputed expression of C4A, HLA-C, and BTN3A2. The minor alleles predicting higher C4A level are associated with diminished improvement in psychotic symptoms after APD treatment.