bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
L-Histidine immobilized montmorillonite for As(III) adsorption and statistical verification of data by PDF, AICcorrected and AADR models
Authors: Batool Aneeqa , Shah Khizar Hussain , Hussain Sajid , Hussain Zakir , Naqvi Syed Ali Raza , Sherazi Tauqir A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractL-Histidine immobilized montmorillonite is prepared and used as an adsorbent for removal of As(III) from aqueous solutions. The L-Histidine immobilized montmorillonite is characterized by FTIR, XRD, TGA and PZC techniques that confirmed the successful insertion of Histidine into interlayer of montmorillonite structure. The various parameters such as pH, reaction time, temperature, concentration of As(III) and adsorbent dosage are optimized to obtain maximum As(III) adsorption. It is observed that usually the removal of As(III) is increased with increasing the amount of adsorbent, contact time, temperature and till pH 6. The results showed that all these adsorption parameters greatly influenced the adsorption process. The various adsorption isotherm models including Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin-Radishkevich (DR) as well as kinetics models are applied to the adsorption data. The Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second order kinetics model are well-fitted to the adsorption data. Further, the probability distribution function (PDF) is applied that verified the adsorption data well while the Akaike’s Information Criterion (AICcorrected) and Absolute Average Relative Deviation (AARD) statistical models supported the best fit adsorption isotherms. The PDF model have provided a good statistical identification of adsorption parameters, adsorption rates and maxima whereas AICcorrected and AARD models revealed the well-fitting of Langmuir adsorption isotherm model in correlating the equilibrium data. Thermodynamic parameters (ΔH, ΔS, ΔG) proved the endothermic and spontaneous nature of adsorption process along with entropical changes occurring at solid-solution interface. The results showed that L-Histidine immobilized montmorillonite is an excellent material for As(III) adsorption with maximum adsorption capacity of 87.7 mg g−1.
The rescaled Pólya urn: local reinforcement and chi-squared goodness-of-fit test
Authors: Aletti Giacomo , Crimaldi Irene 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMotivated by recent studies of big samples, this work aims to construct a parametric model which is characterized by the following features: (i) a ‘local’ reinforcement, i.e. a reinforcement mechanism mainly based on the last observations, (ii) a random persistent fluctuation of the predictive mean, and (iii) a long-term almost sure convergence of the empirical mean to a deterministic limit, together with a chi-squared goodness-of-fit result for the limit probabilities. This triple purpose is achieved by the introduction of a new variant of the Eggenberger–Pólya urn, which we call the rescaled Pólya urn. We provide a complete asymptotic characterization of this model, pointing out that, for a certain choice of the parameters, it has properties different from the ones typically exhibited by the other urn models in the literature. Therefore, beyond the possible statistical application, this work could be interesting for those who are concerned with stochastic processes with reinforcement.
Frankfurt am Meer: The “Illiberal” Liberalism of the German Confederation and Its Aspirations over the Habsburg Adriatic in 1848
Authors: Maritan Mario 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn 1848, Habsburg Trieste became the target of German nationalists gathered in Frankfurt. The Frankfurt parliament, born out of the revolutions of 1848, has been widely depicted as a liberal experience. Yet its nationalist stances, which included the creation of a unitary German state through the absorption of vast multiethnic regions of the Habsburg monarchy, whose Austrian crownlands were part of the German Confederation, bear witness to the illiberal nature of the Frankfurt parenthesis of 1848–1849. Notwithstanding the assimilatory tendencies of the Frankfurt parliament, Italian activists in Trieste supported the inclusion of the Habsburg port in an enlarged Germany, hoping to break away from Habsburg rule, which they portrayed as oppressive. This article argues that the contradictory Italian support for the German Confederation highlights the paradoxes at the basis of nationalist movements at their onset, while also pointing to the difficulty that nation-states would soon witness in dealing with other ethnic groups within their borders. On the contrary, it was the Habsburg monarchy that, in its centuries-long tradition of accommodating different ethnicities into its fold, represented what to present-day observers comes closer to political liberalism than the so-called liberal national parties that opposed Habsburg rule.
Early biomineralization and exceptional preservation of the first thrombolite reefs with archaeocyaths in the lower Cambrian of the western Anti-Atlas, Morocco
Authors: Azizi Abdelfattah , El Albani Abderrazak , El Bakhouche Asmaa , Vinn Olev , Bankole Olabode M. , Fontaine Claude , Hafid Ahmid , Kouraiss Khaoula , El Hariri Khadija 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThrombolite reefs with archaeocyaths are common in the subtidal limestones of the lower Cambrian in the western Anti-Atlas of Morocco. The Igoudine Formation of the Tata Group recorded the first replacement of the microbial consortium (stromatolite-dominated) by thrombolite reefs with archaeocyaths and shelly metazoans. In order to better understand the role of the microbial community in the formation of thrombolite reefs with archaeocyaths across this critical transition, the macro-, micro- and ultra-fabric of thrombolites have been studied in detail. Three major components are identified within the first thrombolytic reef: archaeocyaths, calcimicrobes and micritic matrix. The studied thrombolites are typically dominated by the calcimicrobe Renalcis with subordinate Epiphyton and Girvanella. Scanning electron microscopy of the dark micrite of the Renalcis chambers showed amorphous translucent sheet-like structures interpreted as extracellular polymeric substances, closely associated with organominerals including nanoglobules and polyhedrons. Exceptionally well-preserved Renalcis chambers contain bacterial fossils similar to those described in modern microbialites, including microspherical coccoid fossils and filamentous bacteria that are either spaced or in close associations forming colonies. These organomineralization-related features suggest a bacterial origin for the Renalcis calcimicrobe. The matrices between the Renalcis chambers consist predominantly of clotted peloidal micrite. Mineralization of Renalcis microframes may involve two major biomineralization processes: (1) replacement of organic matter by organominerals resulting from anaerobic degradation of extracellular polymeric substances and bacterial sheaths and (2) encrustation of bacterial sheaths and extracellular polymeric substances due to increasing alkalinity of the microenvironment. These mechanisms played a crucial role in the early diagenetic cementation and preservation of the studied reefs.
Out of Sync: Dispersed Short Selling and the Correction of Mispricing
Authors: Gargano Antonio , Sotes-Paladino Juan , Verwijmeren Patrick 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHow synchronized are short sellers? We examine a unique data set on the distribution of profits across a stock’s short sellers and find evidence of substantial dispersion in the initiation of their positions. Consistent with this dispersion reflecting “synchronization risk,” that is, uncertainty among short sellers about when others will short sell, more dispersed short selling signals i) greater stock overpricing and ii) longer delays in overpricing correction. These effects are prevalent even among stocks facing low short-selling costs or other explicit constraints. Overall, our findings provide novel cross-sectional evidence of synchronization problems among short sellers and their pricing implications.
Vitamin D and depressive symptoms in an early adolescent cohort
Authors: Wang Gengfu , Yuan Mengyuan , Chang Junjie , Li Yonghan , Blum Robert , Su Puyu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundTo explore the cross-sectional and longitudinal association between vitamin D and depressive symptoms across early adolescence.MethodsThis longitudinal study included 1607 early adolescents [mean (s.d.) age, 12.49 years; 972 (60.5%) males] from the Chinese Early Adolescents Cohort, recruited from a middle school in Anhui Province and followed up annually (2019–2021). Serum 25(OH)D levels were measured in both 2019 and 2021. Self-reports on depression were assessed at each of three time points from 2019 to 2021.ResultsIn the whole sample, higher baseline serum 25(OH)D levels were linked with a lower risk of cumulative incident depression within two-year follow-ups (adjusted RR = 0.97, 95% CI 0.94–0.99) and the increasing trajectory of depression symptoms across the three waves (adjusted RR = 0.97, 95% CI 0.95–0.99). Baseline vitamin D deficiency (VDD) (adjusted RR = 1.50, 95% CI 1.10–2.05) were associated with an increased risk for the increasing trajectory of depression symptoms across the three waves. Remitted VDD was positively related to one dichotomous depression symptoms across three waves (adjusted OR 2.15, 95% CI 1.15–4.01). The above-mentioned significant association was also found in males. Additionally, baseline VDD (adjusted OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.04–2.44) and persistent VDD (adjusted OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.02–2.60) were linked to an increased risk of having two dichotomous depression symptoms only in males.ConclusionsOur results highlight a prospective association between baseline vitamin D and depression risk in early adolescents. Additionally, a male-specific association between vitamin D and depression risk was observed. Our findings support a potential beneficial effect of vitamin D supplementation in reducing depression risk in early adolescents.
Collective Responsibility Should be Treated as a Virtue
Authors: Astola Mandi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe often praise and blame groups of people like companies or governments, just like we praise and blame individual persons. This makes sense. Because some of the most important problems in our society, like climate change or mass surveillance, are not caused by individual people, but by groups. Philosophers have argued that there exists such a thing as group responsibility, which does not boil down to individual responsibility. This type of responsibility can only exist in groups that are organized with joint knowledge, actions and intentions. However, often disorganized groups without joint knowledge, actions and intentions are precisely the kinds of groups that cause problems. Therefore, in such cases, it becomes difficult, according to traditional accounts of collective responsibility to attribute responsibility to such groups. This has problematic implications. Therefore, I propose a new way of seeing collective responsibility, which is able to attribute the vice of irresponsibility to such disorganized groups. This involves seeing responsibility not as a relationship between the group and some action, but rather, as a virtue. In cases where it is difficult to establish whether a group is responsible for something, we should ask ‘is this group responsible, or irresponsible?’ This line of questioning is likely to be a more productive and philosophically legitimate way of holding groups morally responsible in such cases.
The Need for Phronesis
Authors: Kristjánsson Kristján 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis chapter explores the state of public and academic discourse about socio-moral issues elicited by the Covid-19 pandemic, through two informal case studies of Facebook statuses and columns in two leading UK newspapers. The Facebook statuses tended to focus on performance virtues as remedies rather than moral virtues, whereas a survey among the general public highlighted the role of moral virtues. Divisions of opinion among columnists in the Guardian and Daily Telegraph turned out to be about different prioritisations of moral virtues rather than a trade-off between virtues and economic values. However, missing from all those discourses was attention to the meta-virtue of phronesis, or practical wisdom, as an adjudicator of virtue conflicts. Recent psychological work on wisdom does not fully ameliorate this lacuna; the paper argues that a retrieval of the Aristotelian concept of phronesis is needed to help us make balanced moral decisions.
Decoding Vietnam's Foreign Policy After the Thirteenth National Party Congress: Process, Continuity, and Adjustment
Authors: Dang Cam Tu , Nguyen Vu Tung 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAs the third decade of the twenty-first century begins, Vietnam embarks on a more advanced phase of national development and international integration, with a greater emphasis on foreign policy as part of the country's overall national defence and development strategy. This informs greater expectations about shifts in Vietnam's foreign policy perception and discourse in pursuit of national interests and the regime's legitimacy amidst major domestic and international developments. This article analyses the making, in terms of processes and actors, and the evolution, in terms of themes and directions, of Vietnam's foreign policy under the Thirteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam, which was held in early 2021. The article argues that while embedding continuity with what the country has been pursuing since its renovation process (known as Doi Moi) started in the mid-1980s, Vietnam's foreign policy under the Thirteenth Party Congress is crafted on a broader base of domestic consensus and features new dimensions, implying stronger domestic support for Hanoi's conduct of foreign affairs and a Vietnamese nation brand with greater visibility and contribution in the regional and global arenas in the coming years.
Globally Increasing Atmospheric Aridity Over the 21st Century
Authors: Fang Zhongxiang , Zhang Wenmin , Brandt Martin , Abdi Abdulhakim M. , Fensholt Rasmus 
Published: October 2022

AbstractVapor pressure deficit (VPD) is of great importance to control the land‐atmosphere exchange of water and CO2. Here we use in situ observations to assess the performance of monthly VPD calculated from state‐of‐the‐art data sets including CRU, ERA5, and Modern‐Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA2). We investigate trends in VPD at global scale and for different climatic zones for 1981–2020 and future trends (2021–2100) from Coupled Model Inter‐comparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6) outputs. The results show that monthly VPD estimated from CRU, ERA5, and MERRA2 correlated well against in situ estimates from 15,531 World Meteorological Organization stations, with R2 ranging between 0.92 and 0.96. Moreover, robust correlations were also found across in situ stations and when analyzing different months separately. During 1981–2020, VPD increased in all climatic zones, with the strongest increase in the arid zone, followed by tropical, temperate, cold and polar zones. CMIP6 simulations show a continuously increasing trend in VPD (0.028 hPa year−1), with the largest increase in the arid zone (0.063 hPa year−1). The magnitudes of trends are found to increase following the magnitude of CO2 increases in the future emission scenarios. We highlight that atmospheric aridification will continue under global warming, which may pose an increasing threat to terrestrial ecosystems and particularly dryland agricultural systems.
Size Ranges of Magnetic Domain States in Tetrataenite
Authors: Mansbach Elias N. , Shah Jay , Williams Wyn , Maurel Clara , Bryson James F. J. , Weiss Benjamin P. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPaleomagnetic studies of meteorites provide unique constraints on the evolution of magnetic fields in the early solar system. These studies rely on the identification of magnetic minerals that can retain stable magnetizations over ≳4.5 billion years (Ga). The ferromagnetic mineral tetrataenite (γ''‐Fe0.5Ni0.5) is found in iron, stony‐iron and chondrite meteorite groups. Nanoscale intergrowths of tetrataenite have been shown to carry records of paleomagnetic fields, although the effect of magnetostatic interactions on their magnetic remanence acquisition remains to be fully understood. Tetrataenite can also occur as isolated, non‐interacting, nanoscale grains in many meteorite groups, although the paleomagnetic potential of these grains is particularly poorly understood. Here, we aim to improve our understanding of tetrataenite magnetization to refine our knowledge of existing paleomagnetic analyses and broaden the spectrum of meteorite groups that can be used for future paleomagnetic studies. We present the results of analytical calculations and micromagnetic modeling of isolated tetrataenite grains with various geometries. We find that tetrataenite forms a stable single domain state at grain lengths between 6 and ∼160 nm dependent on its elongation. It also possesses a magnetization resistant to viscous remagnetization over the lifetime of the solar system at 293 K. At larger grain sizes, tetrataenite's lowest energy state is a lamellar two‐domain state, stable at Ga‐scale timescales. Unlike many other magnetic minerals, tetrataenite does not form a single‐vortex domain state due to its large uniaxial anisotropy. Our results show that single domain and two‐domain tetrataenite grains carry an extremely stable magnetization and therefore are promising for paleomagnetic studies.
Role of Biodiversity in Ecological Calendars and Its Implications for Food Sovereignty: Empirical Assessment of the Resilience of Indicator Species to Anthropogenic Climate Change
Authors: Kassam Karim‐Aly S. , Bernardo Joseph 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEcological calendars are knowledge systems based on close observation of one's habitat to measure and give meaning to time, thereby providing anticipatory capacity for livelihood activities and contributing to food sovereignty. They rely upon seasonal indicators that integrate biophysical and ecological phenomena (e.g., first snowfall, last frost, blossoming of a tree species; seasonal appearance of an animal or plant) with locally grounded cultural meaning and value systems. These context‐specific relationships have enabled Indigenous and rural societies to anticipate weather and other seasonal processes in their environment. However, anthropogenic climate change could undermine ecological calendars due to adverse impacts on specific indicators species, but this issue remains unexplored. We address this knowledge gap by examining how anthropogenic climate change might affect selected species (birds, fish, and mammals) that are seasonal and key to Indigenous food systems in two Western Arctic communities. We leverage existing dietary animal datasets to which we apply a novel methodology for assessing organismal vulnerability to climate change. The methodology uses intrinsic species traits such as physiological tolerances, genetic variability, and life history traits to generate an empirical and integrative assessment of vulnerability for any given species. Subsequently, an aggregate view of vulnerability across calendar species is achieved through comparative statistical analysis across species both within and between communities. This exercise permits the first quantitative assessment of the continued relevance and effective use of an ecological calendar, thus demonstrating that food sovereignty and livelihood security is enhanced by biodiversity of indicator species.
A Double‐Edged Sword: The Role of Sulfate in Anoxic Marine Phosphorus Cycling Through Earth History
Authors: Kipp Michael A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractModern anoxic marine sediments release phosphorus (P) to seawater, driving feedbacks at multiple timescales. On sub‐Myr timescales, anoxic P regeneration amplifies ocean deoxygenation; on multi‐Myr timescales, it stabilizes atmospheric O2. Some authors have extended this thinking to the Precambrian: by analogy, widespread ocean anoxia would imply extensive P regeneration from sediments. However, this neglects the role of sulfate in P regeneration. While abundant in seawater today, sulfate was scarce in the Precambrian. Here a simple model is used to isolate the role of sulfate in anoxic P cycling. The model reproduces known feedbacks driven by anoxic P regeneration in a high‐sulfate world, but shows muted P regeneration in low‐sulfate, anoxic sediments. The transition between “limited” and “enhanced” P regeneration is thus controlled by sulfate. As a result, sulfate is a double‐edged sword wielded by the anoxic P cycle: it can amplify oxygenation or deoxygenation depending on environmental context.
Association of the Main Phase of the Geomagnetic Storms in Solar Cycles 23 and 24 With Corresponding Solar Wind‐IMF Parameters
Authors: Manu V. , Balan N. , Zhang Q.‐H. , Xing Z.‐Y. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe occurrence and intensity of the geomagnetic storms/activity in the weak solar cycle 24 (SC24) were studied mainly for low latitudes, with intensity being the maximum value of the activity. The impulsive strength of the activity giving its mean value during the main phase, which can better indicate the effect of the activity on utility systems, has not received much attention at any latitude. In this paper, we investigate the intensity and impulsive strength of the 179 and 85 clear geomagnetic activities (DstMin ≤ −50 nT) identified in the low, mid and high latitude indices (SymH, Kp, and AE) and corresponding solar wind velocity V, IMF Bz, and the product V × Bz in solar cycles 23–24 (1996–2019) for the first time. Compared to SC23, the total intensity and total impulsive strength in SC24 in all latitudes reduce by nearly equal amounts (∼60%) as the reduction in the number of activities (∼53%). The average intensity and average impulsive strength, however, reduce by nearly equal and largest amounts in low latitudes (∼23%), which is close to the reduction in the combination <−(V × Bz)MP > by ∼30%. At mid and high latitudes, the average intensity and average impulsive strength reduce by only small amounts (∼7.5%). Only the impulsive strength of the geomagnetic activity at low latitudes (IpsSymH) and the combination <−(V × Bz)MP> identify the two power outages happened in SC23. The correlation between IpsSymH and <−(V × Bz)MP> is also high (0.83) in SC23.