bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Objective Assessment and Comparison of the Cosmetic Outcome
Authors: Pan Pradyumna 
Published: November 2022

Aim:
We aimed to evaluate the parents' view of the cosmetic outcome after hypospadias surgery.

Materials and Methods:
Between January 2017 and December 2020, 70 patients aged between 2 and 7 years underwent surgical correction of hypospadias. Group 1 had 35 patients (coronal: 6, distal: 19, and mid-penile: 10) assigned for tubularized incised plate urethroplasty (TIPU) with modified foreskin reconstruction. Group 2 had 35 patients (coronal: 4, distal: 22, and mid-penile: 9) assigned for TIPU and circumcision. Parents were assessed with the Pediatric Penile Perception Score (PPPS).

Results:
Parent satisfaction for the position and shape of the urethral opening, shape of the glans, penile skin, and length exhibited no statistically relevant difference between the group. Parent satisfaction with the appearance of the genitals in Group 1 was relatively high 2.60 ± 0.55, as compared to Group 2 1.77 ± 0.49 which is statistically significant (P < 0.00028).

Conclusion:
Our experience shows good early cosmetic results of foreskin reconstruction and high parental satisfaction. Foreskin reconstruction should constitute a key element of the final result to restore a penis with an appearance as normal as possible.
Is Routine Excision of Dysplastic Testicular Remnants/Nubbins Associated with Nonpalpable Testis Necessary? Is Routine Fixation of Contralateral Solitary Testis Indicated? A Survey on the Prevalent Practice among Indian Pediatric Surgeons
Authors: Babu Ramesh , Miglani Harparkash Singh , Shah Rasik Shamji 
Published: November 2022

Background and Aims:
Dysplastic nubbin also referred to as testicular regression syndrome (TRS) is found in 5% of cases of the Non palpable testis (NPT). There is no consensus on the excision of the above and fixation of the contralateral solitary testis. We aimed to survey the prevalent practice of the same among members of the Indian Association of Pediatric Surgeons (IAPS).

Methods:
A structured questionnaire was sent through group e-mail and social media platforms to IAPS members to identify their practices in management.

Results:
A total of 132 surgeons responded to the questionnaire. Excision of intra-abdominal and inguinoscrotal TRS remnants was practiced by 84% (95% confidence interval [CI] 77%–89%) and 82% (95% CI 74%–87%). Fixation of contralateral solitary testis was practiced by 62% (95% CI 53%–70%) in the above scenario. Among the respondents, 30% reported encountering torsion of solitary testis during their career and this experience was a significant factor (P = 0.01) in deciding contralateral orchidopexy. Scrotal infection/necrosis was not encountered by a majority (72%) and it was not a deterrent factor in preventing contralateral orchidopexy (P = 0.68).

Conclusions:
The majority of pediatric surgeons favored the removal of intra-abdominal/inguinoscrotal TRS remnants identified during laparoscopy for NPT. A majority favored sutureless fixation of the contralateral solitary testis.
Early Evidence on Genetic Polymorphisms in Conferring a “Two-Hit” Propensity to Renal Injury in Asian Indian Children
Authors: Anand Suramya , Bajpai Minu , Kumar Alok , Kapahtia Siddharth 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) are a common cause of end-stage renal disease in children. While certain nephrogenic genes have been incriminated in these malformations, data to identify the frequency of gene polymorphisms in Asian Indian children with CAKUT are scarce. This study was done to identify the effect of polymorphisms in paired-box gene 2 (PAX2), bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-4, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), and angiotensin II receptor Type 2 (AGTR2) nephrogenic genes on the development of CAKUT.

Materials and Methods:
In this prospective cohort study, 158 children <12 years old (86 cases with CAKUT and 72 age-matched controls) were analyzed. DNA from both sets was extracted from peripheral blood using the Keygen DNA extraction kit, and single-nucleotide gene polymorphisms (SNPs) in PAX2, BMP-4, ACE, and AGTR2 nephrogenic genes were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using previously published primers and PCR conditions.

Results:
The presence of A allele SNP for AGTR2 gene at rs3736556 was found to be significantly correlated with the development of ureteropelvic junction obstruction and vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) with the TT allelic genotype having a lower incidence of pelviureteric junction obstruction (odds ratio [OR] 0.18 [95% confidence interval [CI], 0.06–0.55], P = 0.01) and VUR (OR 0.31 [95% CI, 0.11–0.91], P = 0.03). Furthermore, on substratification of the patients with the presence of the A allele of AGTR2, 24 out of 27 patients with scarring were found to harbor the D allele of the ACE gene, thus predisposing them to further renal damage.

Conclusion:
This study points to early evidence in the implication of nephrogenic genes in development as well as predisposition to renal injury in Asian Indian patients with CAKUT.
Hand hygiene
Authors: Harsvardhan Rajesh , Mishra Richa , Kushwaha Ruchi , Prasad Narayan 
Published: November 2022

Introduction:
Infection is the most common cause of hospitalisation and the second most common cause of mortality amongst haemodialysis (HD) patients, after cardiovascular disease. Hand hygiene (HH) reduces infections and enhances patient safety across all settings. However, the lack of compliance with HH amongst health-care providers is problematic worldwide. With the above background, a study was conceptualised to ascertain the current status of the HH practices during a complete HD procedure among nursing staff of an HD unit at a tertiary healthcare teaching institute in India.

Methodology:
A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted from 10 October, 2018, to 10 December, 2018. A structured checklist for HH during a complete HD procedure was developed as per the WHO's five moments of HH. One hundred and fifty HD procedures were observed for compliance appropriate number of HH. Data analysis was done using the SPSS version 22.

Results:
Despite being a very simple step, the compliance rates of health-care workers (HCWs) in HH were found extremely poor, ranging from 23% to 35% only. Reasons for non-compliance by HCWs told by them were: poor nurse-to-patient ratio, frequent turnover of nursing staff, lack or inadequate training and lower level of competency among HD staff.

Conclusion:
The high number of times an HD staff is required to perform HH could be a reason for lack of compliance. However, compliance can be improved by continuous education and supervision and by providing, in convenient locations, sufficient number of sink with soap dispensers, paper towels, hand lotions and Anti-Bacterial Hand Rubs (ABHRs) placed at each patient station.
Disoriented homology and double branched covers
Authors: Owens Brendan , Strle Sašo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper provides a convenient and practical method to compute the homology and intersection pairing of a branched double cover of the 4-ball.To projections of links in the 3-ball, and to projections of surfaces in the 4-ball into the boundary sphere, we associate a sequence of homology groups, called the disoriented homology. We show that the disoriented homology is isomorphic to the homology of the double branched cover of the link or surface. We define a pairing on the first disoriented homology group of a surface and show that this is equal to the intersection pairing of the branched cover. These results generalize work of Gordon and Litherland, for embedded surfaces in the 3-sphere, to arbitrary surfaces in the 4-ball. We also give a generalization of the signature formula of Gordon–Litherland to the general setting.Our results are underpinned by a theorem describing a handle decomposition of the branched double cover of a codimension-2 submanifold in the n-ball, which generalizes previous results of Akbulut–Kirby and others.
THE TURKISH FOLKLORE IN BULGARIA – TRADITIONS AND CUSTOMS (PERIODOZATION OF THE STUDIES OF TURKISH FOLKLORE)
Authors:   Konstantin Preslavsky University of Shumen, Chufadar Nevrie 
Published: November 2022

Folklore or folk culture is at the forefront of the elements that form the linguistic and cultural basis of a nation. Each nation has its own specific features, characteristic only of it, carried over the centuries to the present day.	The folk culture of the Turkish population in Bulgaria is understudied, although it can be said that huge work has been done in the search and collection of customs, traditions and folk art by intellectuals, researchers and scholars who have left valuable material for study and research.	In this study, a periodization of the studies of Turkish folklore in Bulgaria was carried out, and the main points of research related to the customs, traditions and folk art of the Turkish population were highlighted.
TECNOLOGIAS DA INFORMAÇÃO E COMUNICAÇÃO EM SAÚDE NA TRANSIÇÃO DO CUIDADO INTERDISCIPLINAR: UM PROTOCOLO DE REVISÃO DE ESCOPO
Authors: Silva Machado Rosana , Augusto Ferreira Carioca Antônio 
Published: November 2022

A transição do cuidado configura um desafio à comunicação interdisciplinar e à continuidade do cuidado seguro. As ferramentas digitais representam potenciais soluções tecnológicas para a efetividade da comunicação. Objetivo: mapear as evidências disponíveis na literatura acerca do uso da tecnologia da informação e comunicação na transição do cuidado interdisciplinar. Método: protocolo de revisão de escopo embasado na metodologia do Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) e checklist Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Para elegibilidade serão incluídos os estudos primários, que respondam a questão da pesquisa. Será realizada a busca e coleta dos dados em outubro de 2022. As bases de dados consultadas serão: EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, MEDLINE, PubMed, LILACS e literatura cinza. A construção da estratégia de pesquisa seguirá o acrônimo PCC (População, Conceito e Contexto), utilizando os descritores da Ciência da Saúde (DeCS), Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), EMTREE e palavras-chave. Dois revisores independentes selecionarão as referências a partir da leitura do título e resumo. Será utilizado o gerenciador de referências Rayyan QCR e Mendeley. Para mapeamento das informações, um formulário ou quadro de caracterização será elaborado, com base no modelo proposto pelo JBI e a sua organização através de planilhas do Excel®. O instrumento de extração de dados conterá: base de dados, ano, idioma, título, autores, tipo de estudo, objetivos e conclusão. A análise qualitativa dos resultados será realizada através de uma síntese descritiva.
Effect of federal government expenditure on economic growth in Nigeria
Authors: Nwankwo Anayo Emmanuel , Nwakoby Clement Ndukaife Ikechukwu , Anyanwu Felicia Akujinma , Ananwude Amalachukwu Chijindu 
Published: November 2022

Purpose. This study presents an evaluation of the effect of federal government expenditure on economic growth in Nigeria during the period 1986–2020. Economic growth in Nigeria over the years (precisely from 1986 when the Structural Adjustment Programme was introduced) is not in tandem with the magnificent rise in total government expenditure covering this period. The citizens have seen leadership in Nigeria as a failed litmus test, some have left the country to seek for “greener pastures” abroad. Specifically, this study examined the effect of recurrent and capital expenditure of the government on real gross domestic product, gross fixed capital formation, savings, and manufacturing capacity utilization.
Results. The result of the analysis revealed that government recurrent expenditure has significant effect on real gross domestic product, gross fixed capital formation, and savings. Government recurrent expenditure is negatively related with real gross domestic product, gross fixed capital formation, savings, and manufacturing capacity utilization. Similarly, government capital has positive relationship with gross fixed capital formation and manufacturing capacity utilization, whereas it is negatively related with real gross domestic product and savings.
Scientific novelty. The review of previous studies on economic growth is majorly measured using real gross domestic product. However, this study takes a new dimension by introducing three other variables: gross fixed capital formation, savings, and manufacturing capacity utilization which also reflect the level of growth in an economy. In addition, the application of the Auto-Regressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) model which takes into consideration of the different order of integration of time series data as against the Johansen co-integration that characterized previous studies in the Nigeria environment, will robustly help in determining the short run and long run effects of Federal Government expenditure on economic growth fundamentals in Nigeria.
Practical value. This study therefore, is re-echoing the need for government to make capital expenditure her priority. By this, the government should allocate at least 50.0 % of her total expenditure on capital projects. The present-day practice of allocating only 16.6 % (based on year 2020 approved budget of the Federal Government) for capital expenditure will not to a great extent accelerate the pace of economic growth and development in Nigeria.
Възможности пред застрахователният бизнес в България в контекста на зелената икономика
Authors: Ninova Valentina 
Published: November 2022

Цел. Настоящата разработка има за цел да апробира потенциала за участие на застрахователните дружества в проекти за възобновяема енергия (на етап инвестиране, реализиране и експлоатация), които са в основата на концепцията за зелена икономика и устойчиво развитие. В застрахователната дейност, тези проекти се възприемат като нови бизнес възможности, което изисква да се идентифицират, конкретизират и систематизират съществуващите рискове, на които са изложени проектите свързани с възобновяемите източници на енергия (ВЕИ).
Резултати. Застрахователната дейност притежава потенциала едновременно да участва и да заема ключово значение в процесите, свързани с проектирането и последващата експлоатация на ВЕИ. За да поемат отговорност застрахователните компании е необходимо да разполагат с детайлна и достоверна информация, както за рисковете, така и за рисковите обстоятелства за застрахованите обекти. Постигнатите резултати в настоящата разработка са свързани с идентифицирането на рисковите групи и конкретните рискове, на които са изложени проектите за възобновяема енергия, както и кои от тях могат да получат покритие по линия на застрахователната дейност.
Научна новост. В настоящото изследване е предложен вариант за прилагане на различни застраховки, на базата на включените в застрахователният договор рискове (застраховки за всички рискове, застраховки с широко, частично или ограничено покритие), съобразно актуални проучвания на застрахователния пазар за рисковете, на които са изложени проектите за ВЕИ.
Практическа стойност. Класификацията на застрахователните продукти може да бъде извършена по различни критерии – в зависимост от вида на източника на възобновяема енергия, броя на застрахованите обекти, срока на застрахователния договор и др. Обособяването на отделните застраховки е осъществено и представено в табличен вид, въз основа на рисковете, включени в застрахователното покритие. Очертани са четири категории: 1) застраховки за всички рискове; 2) застраховки с широко покритие; 3) застраховки с частично покритие и 4) застраховки с ограничено покритие.
TRANSPARÊNCIA E ACESSO ÀS INFORMAÇÕES CONTÁBEIS NOS MUNICÍPIOS DA REGIÃO DE CORNÉLIO PROCÓPIO – PR NO ANO DE 2021
Authors: Tasca Daniele de Arruda , Martins Rogério Mendonça , Marcelino José Antônio 
Published: November 2022

Esse artigo buscou verificar o desempenho da divulgação das informações contábeis geradas pela Contabilidade Pública dos municípios da região de Cornélio Procópio, no ano de 2021. Para tanto, verificou-se os meios eletrônicos, realizados pelos administradores públicos das prefeituras pesquisadas, para buscar as informações. Este estudo é de suma importância, pois cada vez mais entes públicos estão sendo cobrados pelo governo federal e tribunais de contas, para prestar contas das suas informações em portais da transparência. Foram utilizadas para a elaboração deste artigo, a pesquisa bibliográfica, para a revisão bibliográfica que foi feita através de teorias de alguns autores; a coleta de dados para analisar, buscar informações e investigar o desempenho em relação a transparência das informações contábeis nos municípios estudados. A partir da realização deste estudo, conclui-se que existe a necessidade de aperfeiçoamento por parte de alguns poucos municípios, pois nem todos ainda possuem todas as informações publicadas em portais eletrônicos. Em compensação, o resultado foi um tanto satisfatório, pois foi possível ponderar que a maioria deles estão cumprindo as exigências com eficiência.
Quality control and error assessment of the Aeolus L2B wind results from the Joint Aeolus Tropical Atlantic Campaign
Authors: Lux Oliver , Witschas Benjamin , Geiß Alexander , Lemmerz Christian , Weiler Fabian , Marksteiner Uwe , Rahm Stephan , Schäfler Andreas , Reitebuch Oliver 
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Since the start of the European Space Agency's Aeolus mission in 2018, various studies were dedicated to the evaluation of its wind data quality and particularly to the determination of the systematic and random errors in the Rayleigh-clear and Mie-cloudy wind results provided in the Aeolus Level-2B (L2B) product. The quality control (QC) schemes applied in the analyses mostly rely on the estimated error (EE), reported in the L2B data, using different and often subjectively chosen thresholds for rejecting data outliers, thus hampering the comparability of different validation studies. This work gives insight into the calculation of the EE for the two receiver channels and reveals its limitations as a measure of the actual wind error due to its spatial and temporal variability. It is demonstrated that a precise error assessment of the Aeolus winds necessitates a careful statistical analysis, including a rigorous screening for gross errors to be compliant with the error definitions formulated in the Aeolus mission requirements. To this end, the modified Z score and normal quantile plots are shown to be useful statistical tools for effectively eliminating gross errors and for evaluating the normality of the wind error distribution in dependence on the applied QC scheme, respectively. The influence of different QC approaches and thresholds on key statistical parameters is discussed in the context of the Joint Aeolus Tropical Atlantic Campaign (JATAC), which was conducted in Cabo Verde in September 2021. Aeolus winds are compared against model background data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) before the assimilation of Aeolus winds and against wind data measured with the 2 µm heterodyne detection Doppler wind lidar (DWL) aboard the Falcon aircraft. The two studies make evident that the error distribution of the Mie-cloudy winds is strongly skewed with a preponderance of positively biased wind results distorting the statistics if not filtered out properly. Effective outlier removal is accomplished by applying a two-step QC based on the EE and the modified Z score, thereby ensuring an error distribution with
a high degree of normality while retaining a large portion of wind results
from the original dataset. After the utilization of the described QC approach, the systematic errors in the L2B Rayleigh-clear and Mie-cloudy winds are determined to be below 0.3 m s−1 with respect to both the
ECMWF model background and the 2 µm DWL. Differences in the random errors relative to the two reference datasets (Mie vs. model is
5.3 m s−1, Mie vs. DWL is 4.1 m s−1, Rayleigh vs. model is 7.8 m s−1, and Rayleigh vs. DWL is 8.2 m s−1) are elaborated in the text.
Why I Don’t Need Private Tuition?
Authors: Tomar Pooja 
Published: November 2022

The study attempts to assess the way choice of the stream (Science, Commerce and Humanities) influences the demand for private tutoring among senior secondary school students. This paper also explores the reasons for seeking private tuition. Results draw out why students of some streams do not go for private tuition while private tuition has become a necessity for students in other streams. Data is collected from 150 participants to assess the nature of private tutoring. Student interviews from different streams were conducted to determine the reasons behind attending private tuition. The findings reveal a huge demand for private tuition among science and commerce students. On the other hand, negligible demand for tutoring among humanities students was found. Highly competitive examinations as the selection criteria for admission to institutes of higher education and complex as well as lengthy syllabi in the science stream came out as important factors for the high prevalence of tutoring among science stream participants. Apart from this, parents’ influence, social trends, and achievements of seniors and elders are also reasons for the steep difference in tutoring rates among participants of the science and humanities stream.
Reliability and Validity of Contemporary Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis Devices for Body Composition Assessment
Authors: Merrigan Justin , Stute Nina , Eckerle Jason , Mackowski Nicholas , Walters James , O’Connor Maegan , Barrett Kristyn , Robert Robert , Strang Adam , Hagen Joshua 
Published: November 2022

Introduction: The aim was to determine reliability and validity of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) compared to dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Methods: Participants (n=93) were fasted and euhydrated (confirmed with urine specific gravity, USG) and underwent anthropometrics, DEXA scan (GE Prodigy), and three repeated trials on each BIA device (i.e., InBody 770, SECA mBCA 514, and FitTrack). A subset of participants (n=36) re-tested 12-weeks later to investigate longitudinal changes. Results: All BIA devices had acceptable within-session reliability (coefficient of variation < 2%). Agreement with DEXA was unacceptable, poor, and moderate for FitTrack (Lin’s Concordance Correlation Coefficient, CCC=0.61), InBody (CCC=0.88), and SECA (CCC=0.91). FitTrack did not demonstrate systematic bias but had wide limits of agreement and larger underestimations occurring at higher BF%. InBody showed systematic underestimations with proportionate bias demonstrating more error at lower BF%. SECA demonstrated no bias but tended to underestimate BF% according to Bland-Altman Plots. Errors in BIA BF% estimates were not related with USG but were associated with DEXA measured BF%. The subtle 12-week changes in BF% did not agree between BIA and DEXA. Conclusions: Caution should be taken when using BIA devices to assess BF% as devices demonstrated unacceptable agreement compared to DEXA.