bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Transferred-Arc Cleaning for Thin Film Removal
Authors: Hollis K. , Castro R. , Bartram B. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Transferred-arc cleaning and roughening as discussed in the patent by Muhlberger is often used as a surface preparation method prior to low pressure plasma spray (LPPS) deposition of coatings. In this article, electrically transmitted arc cleaning is investigated as a precision cleaning method for thin films lubricating substrates as well as traditional cleaning and roughening for LPPS. A Box-Behnken reaction surface construction test is carried out with variation of the chamber pressure, the substrate distance and the torch current taking into account the transferred arc voltage, the voltage fluctuation, the current, the emitted light, and the surface cleanliness. The results of the analysis show the effect of the various independent quantities on the measured responses. Different stages in the cleaning process are determined by their sample cleanliness, their voltage level, their voltage fluctuation, their emitted light and their rate of erosion. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Hochgeschwindigkeitslichtbogenspritzen (High Velocity Arc Spraying)
Authors: Bach Fr.-W. , Babiak Z. , Duda T. , Tegeder G. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
For obtaining higher particle velocities and consequently dense coatings, a closed nozzle system for atmospheric arc spraying was developed. The proposed system is characterized by a nozzle geometry which allows an expansion of the atomizing gas only in downstream direction. First coatings, obtained with this system exhibited promising results due to dense structure and high adhesion. Paper text in German.
A Study and Comparison of Spray Stream Formation Using Two Wire Arc 90-Degree, and 0-Degree Spray Processes
Authors: Benary R. , Margolies J. , Gutleber J. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Inside diameter (ID) spraying with a two-wire gun for thermal spraying has become an established practice. While the simplicity of the two-wire arc process is tempting, there is a marked difference between the coating microstructures obtained with standard two-wire arc and two-wire arc ID systems. In conventional two-wire arc spraying, the arc is partially surrounded by the nozzle, which leads to the fused tips being enveloped by the atomizing gas flow. In comparison, the right-angled arc is unprotected if the airflow hits the arc at 90 degree. In this paper, the particle formation process is investigated using diagnostic tools such as Laser Strobe Vision (Control Vision) and DPV2000. Although the data collected may not fully encompass the breadth of the phenomena associated with two-wire arc spraying, a comparison was made between the 0 degree and 90 degree spray processes. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Effects of Nozzle Fluid Dynamics on the Dynamic Characteristics of a Plasma Spray Torch
Authors: Duan Z. , Heberlein J. , Janisson S. , Wittmann K. , Coudert J.F. , Fauchais P. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This paper is devoted to the investigation of the dynamics of the plasma jet, which is produced by a subsonic DC spray torch operated with an argon-helium mixture as the plasma gas. It focuses on studying the effect of some parameters which influence the arc attachment inside the anode nozzle. For this purpose, the paper uses different means of gas injection, that is straight flow injection and vortex flow injection, and anodes which have experienced different degree of wear. A heavily eroded anode is characterized by large voltage fluctuations at relatively low frequencies, while straight gas injection at high current levels led to a low average voltage with small fluctuations and to low burner performance. The results are interpreted by assuming changes in the thickness of the cold interface between the arc and the anode, and conclusions are drawn as to the voltage characteristics indicative of good torch operation. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
PTA Reclamation of Cast Iron and Nickel-Base Alloy Substrates with Films Deposited by Tape Casting
Authors: Leylavergne M. , Chartier T. , Grimaud A. , Fauchais P. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Plasma transferred arc (PTA) allows to weld a metallic coating to a metal substrate in order to improve their wear and corrosion resistance. This process is mainly used for steel reclamation and the principal applications are coatings of valves, valve seats in automotive industry and extruder screws for plastic industry. This paper describes the tape casting of NiCu and NiCoCrAlTaY particles on Ni-based alloys and the various organic additives used in addition to a homogeneous metallic film. The initial results of treating these films with PTA regeneration are described. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Möglichkeiten des reaktiven thermischen Spritzens von neuen Eisenbasislegierungen (Possibilities of Reactive Thermal Spraying of New Ferrous Alloys)
Authors: Brandt O.C. , Siegmann S. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Three iron-base alloys with different chemical compositions were developed and sprayed in these investigations. The effect of different process parameters (primarily a reactive APS and VPS process) on the attainable nitrogen concentrations and on the resulting coating structure is demonstrated. Furthermore, the metallurgical interaction between the selected alloys as a result of the spraying process is described and the properties (such as hardness, porosity and bond strength) are discussed. The objective of this development is to form nanostructured deposits of the vanadium-nitride type with a crystal structure similar to that of the austenitic lattice. The formation, appearance and type of deposits are described as functions of the process parameters. Paper text in German.
Triplex - A High Performance Plasma Torch
Authors: Barbezat G. , Zierhut J. , Landes K.D. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Plasma spraying is a well established process for producing ceramic and metallic coatings for many technical applications. The quality of the coatings and the efficiency of the process depend on the powder and on the operating parameters as well as on the plasma torch properties. Whereas many efforts have been made on creating novel powders and on optimizing the operational parameters, the principle, however, of DC plasma torches has remained unchanged for many years. This was the reason for developing a novel DC plasma torch system. This paper presents the construction and operating principle of this innovative torch system. Its high performance is demonstrated in selected ceramic coatings. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
The Development of a Low to Medium Power Atmospheric Mobile Plasma System
Authors: Zwetsloot M. , Mor P. , Prince R. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In order to coat hard-to-reach coating areas or parts with a complex geometry, it is often necessary to reduce the power of the "plasma flame." Conventional plasma systems are not designed for operation at lower power levels. Plasma arc stability as well as coating quality and performance are significantly reduced below a threshold current level. Conventional plasma systems are therefore unsuitable for this type of application. A novel inverter-based plasma system has been developed to overcome this problem. This paper provides information about this plasma system with technical properties and some application examples. The goal is to develop a plasma system designed to operate at lower power levels and at the same time be used for general "every day application". Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Thermal Sprayed Thin Coatings Produced by LPPS (Low Pressure Plasma Spraying)
Authors: Loch M. , Barbezat G. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The production of functional coatings using Low Pressure Plasma Spraying (LPPS) has been successfully introduced into industrial application. Especially in the area of gas turbine coatings for resistance to hot gas corrosion, the efficiency and reliability of the LPPS process for consistent high quality coatings has provided it's leading position within the aircraft and energy market. Functional coatings with a specific thin coating thickness are interesting for many applications. In addition to the benefit of saving material, which is not required for the coating function itself, and the subsequent cost savings within the coating process, further advantages such as greater flexibility in the construction of the end product will be possible. This paper discusses the potential of LPPS technology in the area of thin coatings. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
The High Frequency Pulse Detonation (HFPD) Spray Process
Authors: Fagoaga I. , Barykin G. , de Juan J. , Soroa T. , Vaquero C. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A combination of pulsed combustion and advanced thermal spray technology has led to the development of the novel High Frequency Pulse Detonation (HFPD) spray technology by Aerostar Coatings. In the HFPD process, the flow of gaseous products from cycled explosions in the spray gun, is used to accelerate and heat the spray particles. This paper provides a fundamental description of this cyclical process, with the main differences to spray processes with stationary flow and also to traditional detonation spraying techniques in the center. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Plasma Coating from the Synthesized Composite Powders
Authors: Vityaz P. , Belyaev A. , Talako T. , Koval V. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Due to their attractive combination of properties (high resistance to oxidation and wear, high melting point, and lower density) iron and nickel aluminides show promise for the development of advanced materials and coatings However, poor room temperature ductility and susceptibility to intergranular cracking restrict their commercial application. To provide the structure required composite materials produced by the self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) are promising. In this paper, the potential of thermally sprayed NiAl/aluminum oxide and FeAl/aluminum oxide composite powders produced using the SHS method is evaluated. The results of the structure and property investigations for the synthesized powders as well as for the resulting plasma coatings are presented. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
On-Line Process Monitoring During Spraying of TTBCs by Acoustic Emission Analyses
Authors: Lugscheider E. , Ladru F. , Crostack H.-A. , Reuss G. , Haubold T. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This paper describes the development of an online process control system for spraying thick thermal barrier coatings as part of a Brite Euram research project. In addition to the evaluation of the substrate temperature, a system for acoustic emission analysis for particle impact and for controlling crack propagation is developed. The procedure, the problems overcome, and the results obtained are described. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Characterization of Plasma Spray Processes by Monitoring the State of the Sprayed Particles
Authors: Leblanc L. , Moreau C. , Legoux J.-G. , Arsenault B. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Novel thermal spray technologies must be thoroughly tested before they can replace the existing processes. In order to reproduce the properties of the accepted coatings, numerous test pieces must be sprayed and characterized by many different combinations of the available spray parameters. The method is time-consuming and often not very efficient. In this paper, a different approach is considered, whereby the state of the sprayed particles is characterized during the flight. The main objective is to examine the possibility to spray particles with similar in-flight characteristics with two different plasma guns in order to spray similar coatings with both guns. It is observed that the SM-F100 plasma gun can produce similar yttria stabilized zirconia particle jets as those sprayed with the F4-MB gun with 50% less electric power. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Vergleichende Untersuchungen zur Partikelgrößenanalyse von Spritzpulvern (Comparative Surveys for Analysing Particle Sizes)
Authors: Suk H.-G. , Lugscheider E. , Killing R. , Lee H.-K. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Grain size, grain distibution, morphology and microstructure are essential properties of powders for thermal spaying. The present article concerns with the comparison of different methods of particel size measurement. The results indicate, that the grain distribution differs from method to method and there is no correlation factor existing to convert the results of different test methods. So, for exact stipulation of powder grain sizes the method for determination has to be declared. Paper text in German.
Influence of HVOF Process Parameters on Particle Parameters During Spraying of Metal Alloys
Authors: Lugscheider E. , Herbst Chr. , Fischer A. , Zhao L. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The processing of metallic alloys with the atmospheric HVOF process requires a uniform setting of the particle parameters, particle temperature and velocity, as these determine the tendency towards oxidation and the flattening behavior of the particles. Using the example of a NiCr alloy, this paper examines the effects of different particle diameters of a typical HVOF grain fraction on the achievable uniformity of processing. In addition, particle parameters are correlated with the process variables fuel gas composition and spray distance as well as the resulting application efficiency in order to determine whether they can be influenced. The particle properties of surface temperature and speed are characterized with the aid of a high-speed particle pyrometer. It is shown how, with the help of this particle diagnosis, an on-line process control can be used as proof of quality assurance. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Cyclic Deformation and Fatigue Damage of Aluminum Alloy and Steel HVOF Sprayed With WC-Co Coatings
Authors: Ibrahim A. , Berndt C.C. , Senturk U. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This paper investigates the effect of HVOF thermally sprayed WC-Co coatings on the cyclic deformation of the aluminum alloy 2024-T4 and the steel SAE 12L14. Strain gages are glued on the specimen surface to measure the strain response after certain intervals of fatigue cycles. The strain is also measured during the fatigue test. A calibrated beam is used to apply the bending moment and the stress calculated using the flexural formula. The stress-strain curves for uncycled and cycled specimens are determined. The dynamic strains for the coated and uncoated specimens are also monitored during the fatigue test. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Praktische Erfahrungen mit dem Hochgeschwindigkeits-Flammspritzsystem Diamond Jet Hybrid in der Papierindustrie (Practical Experiences with the HVOF Diamond Jet Hybrid System In Paper Industry Applications)
Authors: Höhle H.-M. , Zimmermann S. , Gwosdz-Kaupmann M. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The demand for better paper qualities and for higher speed of the paper web requires a constant technological development of the existing calendering process. An important factor in modern calendering is the heated metal roll. Its surface has an important influence on the gloss and the smoothness of the paper. During operation these rolls are heated to temperatures of up to 200°C. Additionally, the rolls are exposed to severe abrasive wear by fine hard filler materials and to corrosion by the moisture of the paper. The SUMECAL coating systems - especially developed for calender rolls - surpass the hard chromium platings by far regarding the scratch and wear resistance and demonstrate better calendering properties. Paper text in German.
HVOF-Sprayed Functionally Gradient Coating
Authors: Jokinen P. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Thermally sprayed alumina coatings are widely used to improve wear resistance and heat insulation of steel and other metals. Usually these coatings have been made by plasma or flame spraying. HVOF-sprayed alumina coatings are more wear resistant and better bonded to the base material than with plasma and flame spraying. This paper presents a functionally gradient coating (FGC) of alumina and NiAl made with HVOF. It examines the microstructure, composition, hardness, adhesion, and resistance against thermal cycling of HVOF-sprayed FGC. The performance of FG-coating was proven with reference coatings made by plasma and flame spraying. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Anisotropic Behaviour of the Structure-Properties Relationship in HVOF Self-Standing Forms
Authors: Guilemany J.M. , Franch R. , Lorenzana C. , Llibre J. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The HVOF forming is a process that permits to obtain wear resistant self-standing forms. The self-supporting forms that are obtained through the reshaping process by means of thermal spraying have two free surfaces that do not necessarily have the same structure or the same properties. This paper investigates the mechanical properties of the obtained in relation to the structure. It compares the structure-property relationship of the internal and external surfaces. The results show the anisotropic behavior of the internal and external free surfaces and their difference to the cross section. The structure of the system is characterized in terms of its nature, phase distribution, composition, and porosity. For the mechanical properties, the paper examines the microhardness and the modulus of elasticity of the material. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Entwicklung und Reproduzierbarkeit von plasmagespritzten TBCs (Spraying and Improving Reproducible Plasma Sprayed Thermal Barrier Coatings)
Authors: Malléner W. , Vaßen R. , Rauwald K.-H. , Siebert B. , Stöver D. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The new Triplex-burner was used to develop 7 wt% Y2O3 stabilised ZrO2 thermal barrier coatings and to optimise the process parameters with respect to reproducibility. The investigations were focused on spray efficiency and coating porosity. Porosity levels and porosity distribution were measured with mercury intrusion, which turned out to be a very reliable characterisation technique. High reproducibility could be achieved in particular for low argon fluxes: the deviation of the porosity levels was below about 4%. Paper text in German.
Comparison of Vacuum and Atmospheric Plasma Sprayed ZrO27Y2O3 Thermal Barrier Coatings
Authors: Bach Fr.-W. , Babiak Z. , Unterberg W. , Duda T. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This paper examines thermal insulation layer systems with regard to their thermal shock resistance, internal stresses, adhesive tensile strength and layer morphology. The research was conducted on a duplex coatings system consisting of zirconium dioxide/yttrium oxide ceramic coatings and CoNiCrAlY oxidizing and corrosion resisting coating. In all thermal insulation layer systems, the bonding layers were produced by vacuum plasma spraying. The thermal insulation layers were produced on the one hand by atmospheric plasma spraying and on the other hand by vacuum plasma spraying, and their properties were compared with one another. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Flame Spraying of PEEK and PPS Polymers for Engineering Applications
Authors: Lugscheider E. , Fischer A. , Herbst Chr. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Thermally sprayed coatings made of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) are becoming increasingly interesting, especially for corrosion protection applications at elevated temperatures in the chemical industry. In contrast to conventional polymers these materials melt at much higher temperatures. Furthermore, PPS and PEEK show enhanced mechanical and chemical stability. Instead of HVOF and plasma spraying, in this paper much simpler and low-cost flame spraying is used because of these advantages. The polymers are investigated along the entire deposition process in order to exclude possible decomposition. Attempts are made with various adhesive layers to reduce the unacceptably high preheat temperatures. The corrosion protection features are examined by means of corrosion tests with various media. The results of the experiments presented in this paper promise coatings of high performance thermoplasts a great future as anticorrosive coatings. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Diagnostics on a Thermal RF Plasma Process used for the Evaporation of Zirconia Powders
Authors: Buchner P. , Schubert H. , Weiß M. , Willée K. , Uhlenbusch J. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This paper investigates the problem of complete evaporation of zirconium oxide powders that are injected into a thermal RF plasma. Particle trajectories and evaporation are studied using optical emission spectroscopy and laser Doppler anemometry. Model calculations are compared with the results of process diagnostics. It is observed that axial emission profiles confirm the influence of the particle size on the evaporation behavior. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
New Applications and New Product Qualities by RF Plasma Spraying
Authors: Henne R. , Borck V. , Müller M. , Ruckdäschel R. , Schiller G. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
DC plasma spraying with its products has gained a high technical importance. With the availability of technically reliable high-frequency plasma torches whose basic development can be traced back to about 40 years ago, some of the disadvantages of the DC spray method are no longer existing or can be avoided to a great extent. This paper describes the principle, construction, and function of high-frequency plasma torches in which the plasma is generated by induction and metallic electrodes are not required (as is the case with conventional DC plasma torches). Typical examples of HF plasma spray application are discussed. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Comparison of DC and RF Plasma Sprayed Carbon Short Fibre Reinforced Aluminum Coatings
Authors: Fleischer K. , Wielage B. , Müller M. , Henne R. , Borck V. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This paper compares the features of direct current and radio frequency (RF) plasma spraying, but also the properties of aluminum coatings that are reinforced with short carbon fibers and manufactured using these two methods. It shows that the embedding of the fibres during the RF plasma spray process is very poor due to the low velocity of the plasma jet. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Plasma Sprayed Ceramic Coatings for Ultrasonic Wave Guidance in Severe Environments
Authors: Voyer J. , Marple B.R. , Jen C.-K. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This paper aims to analyze the effect of the nature of the core material, the geometry of the buffer rods, as well as the nature and thickness of the cladding material on the ultrasonic propagation properties of these guidance components. The development of ultrasonic waveguides was studied in order to address the need for operation under strict conditions. The effects of the composition and thickness of the cladding as well as the type and geometry of the core were investigated with straight and tapered aluminum oxide and 1018 steel rods for the core and with plasma-sprayed aluminum oxide or aluminum oxide-chromium oxide for the coating. The results show that tapered plated buffer rods perform better than their unclad straight counterparts. They also indicate that the addition of chromium oxide to aluminum oxide is promising in a broader temperature range in which these conductors can be used. Paper includes a German-language abstract.