bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding sustained participation in crowdsourcing platforms: the role of autonomy, temporal value, and hedonic value
Authors: Wu Wei , Yang Qianwen , Gong Xiang , Davison Robert M. 
Published: April 2022

PurposeCrowdsourcing platforms have emerged as an innovative way to generate ideas and solving problems. However, promoting sustained participation among crowdworkers is an ongoing challenge for most crowdsourcing platform providers. Drawing on self-determination theory, this study investigates the impacts of job autonomy on crowdworkers' sustained participation intention.Design/methodology/approachA survey of 212 crowdworkers from a leading crowdsourcing platform in China was conducted to empirically validate the model.FindingsThe empirical results lead to several key findings. First, the taxonomy of job autonomy in crowdsourcing contains three archetypes: work-scheduling autonomy, work-task autonomy, and work-method autonomy. Second, work-scheduling autonomy and work-method autonomy have more significant positive effects on temporal value than work-task autonomy, and this increase in temporal value increases crowdworkers' sustained participation intention. Third, work-task autonomy exerts a stronger influence on hedonic value than work-scheduling autonomy or work-method autonomy, and this increase in hedonic value also increases crowdworkers' sustained participation intention.Originality/valueThis study extends the crowdsourcing literature by examining the formation of crowdworkers' sustained participation and highlighting the role of differential effects of multidimensional job autonomy on crowdworkers' sustained participation. We believe that this study provides actionable insights into measures that promote crowdworkers' sustained participation in the crowdsourcing platform.
Health care in pregnancy during the COVID‐19 pandemic and pregnancy outcomes in six low‐ and‐middle‐income countries: Evidence from a prospective, observational registry of the Global Network for Women’s and Children’s Health
Authors: Naqvi Seemab , Naqvi Farnaz , Saleem Sarah , Thorsten Vanessa R. , Figueroa Lester , Mazariegos Manolo , Garces Ana , Patel Archana , Das Prabir , Kavi Avinash , Goudar Shivaprasad S. , Esamai Fabian , Mwenchanya Musaku , Chomba Elwyn , Lokangaka Adrien , Tshefu Antoinette , Yousuf Sana , Bauserman Melissa , Bose Carl L. , Liechty Edward A. , Krebs Nancy F. , Derman Richard J. , Carlo Waldemar A. , Hibberd Patricia L. , Billah Sk Masum , Peres‐da‐Silva Nalini , Haque Rashidul , Petri William A. , Koso‐Thomas Marion , Nolen Tracy , McClure Elizabeth M. , Goldenberg Robert L. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo assess, on a population basis, the medical care for pregnant women in specific geographic regions of six countries before and during the first year of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic in relationship to pregnancy outcomes.DesignProspective, population‐based study.SettingCommunities in Kenya, Zambia, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Pakistan, India and Guatemala.PopulationPregnant women enrolled in the Global Network for Women's and Children's Health's Maternal and Newborn Health Registry.MethodsPregnancy/delivery care services and pregnancy outcomes in the pre‐COVID‐19 time‐period (March 2019–February 2020) were compared with the COVID‐19 time‐period (March 2020–February 2021).Main outcome measuresStillbirth, neonatal mortality, preterm birth, low birthweight and maternal mortality.ResultsAcross all sites, a small but statistically significant increase in home births occurred between the pre‐COVID‐19 and COVID‐19 periods (18.9% versus 20.3%, adjusted relative risk [aRR] 1.12, 95% CI 1.05–1.19). A small but significant decrease in the mean number of antenatal care visits (from 4.1 to 4.0, p = <0.0001) was seen during the COVID‐19 period. Of outcomes evaluated, overall, a small but significant decrease in low‐birthweight infants in the COVID‐19 period occurred (15.7% versus 14.6%, aRR 0.94, 95% CI 0.89–0.99), but we did not observe any significant differences in other outcomes. There was no change observed in maternal mortality or antenatal haemorrhage overall or at any of the sites.ConclusionsSmall but significant increases in home births and decreases in the antenatal care services were observed during the initial COVID‐19 period; however, there was not an increase in the stillbirth, neonatal mortality, maternal mortality, low birthweight, or preterm birth rates during the COVID‐19 period compared with the previous year. Further research should help to elucidate the relationship between access to and use of pregnancy‐related medical services and birth outcomes over an extended period.
Developmental validation of an efficient differential separation method incorporating the i‐sep®DL spin column with high sperm DNA recovery for the processing of sexual assault samples
Authors: White Tammara J. , Rye Marie S. , Tay Jasmine W. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe differential separation method is key to recovering a DNA profile of the sperm donor from sexual assault samples. However, low numbers of spermatozoa from the perpetrator are often swamped by the victim’s epithelial cells or lost during the separation process, with the separation process labor‐intensive, time‐consuming, and operator‐dependent. The self‐sealing filter of the i‐sep® DL spin column allows direct lysis of the substrate throughout the differential separation process while preventing intact sperm cells from passing through, maximizing DNA recovery, and separation of non‐sperm and sperm cells present. This study investigated the efficacy of a modified differential separation method, which incorporated the i‐sep® DL spin column in comparison with the conventional pellet‐based differential separation method. Using semen dilution series and mock post‐coital samples, the sensitivity, reproducibility, repeatability, and efficiency of sperm DNA recovery of the pellet‐based differential to the i‐sep® method were evaluated side by side. The i‐sep® differential method was more sensitive in capturing sperm fraction DNA, with informative semen donor alleles detected from high dilutions of semen inputs where the pellet method has been unsuccessful. The i‐sep® differential method reduces manual handling, generating repeatable, and reproducible results between operators. Re‐extraction of samples previously processed by the pellet or i‐sep® differential method showed that the pellet method failed to recover 15–88% of sperm fraction DNA, while the i‐sep® differential method was able to recover >99% in the initial extraction. The i‐sep® method is robust for processing sexual assault samples, overcoming the challenges of sperm DNA losses encountered by pellet‐based methods.
A chromosome‐scale genome assembly of the Mongolian oak (Quercus mongolica)
Authors: Ai Wanfeng , Liu Yanqun , Mei Mei , Zhang Xiaolin , Tan Enguang , Liu Hanzhang , Han Xiaoyi , Zhan Hao , Lu Xiujun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMongolian oak (Quercus mongolica Fisch.) is an ecologically and economically important white oak species native to and widespread in the temperate zone of East Asia. Here, we present a chromosome‐scale reference genome assembly of Q. mongolica, a representative white oak species, by combining Illumina and PacBio data with Hi‐C mapping technologies that is the first reference genome created for an Asian oak. Our results showed that the PacBio draft genome size was 809.84 Mb, with a BUSCO complete gene percentage of 92.71%. Hi‐C scaffolding anchored 774.59 Mb contigs (95.65% of draft assembly) onto 12 pseudochromosomes. The contig N50 and scaffold N50 were 2.64 and 66.74 Mb, respectively. Of the 36,553 protein‐coding genes predicted in the study, approximately 95% had functional annotations in public databases. A total of 435.34 Mb (53.75% of the genome) of repetitive sequences were predicted in the assembled genome. Genome evolution analysis showed that Q. mongolica is closely related to Q. robur from Europe, and they shared a common ancestor ~11.8 million years ago (Ma). Gene family evolution analysis of Q. mongolica revealed that the nucleotide‐binding site (NBS)‐encoding gene family related to disease resistance was significantly contracted, whereas the ECERIFERUM 1 (CER1) homologous genes related to cuticular wax biosynthesis was significantly expanded. This pioneering Asian oak genome resource represents an important supplement to the oak genomics community and will improve our understanding of Asian white oak biology and evolution.
PD‐L1 expressed from tumor cells promotes tumor growth and invasion in lung cancer via modulating TGF‐β1/SMAD4 expression
Authors: Chen Ming‐Jenn , Wang Yao‐Chen , Wang Lee , Shen Ching‐Ju , Chen Chih‐Yi , Lee Huei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundProgrammed death ligand‐1 (PD‐L1) has a known association with the prognosis of human cancers because of its ability to alter tumor immune surveillance via its interaction with PD‐1. We questioned whether expression of PD‐L1 in tumor cells could directly promote tumor growth and invasiveness in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).MethodsReal‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) was performed to evaluate PD‐L1 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in lung tumors. The prognostic value of PD‐L1 mRNA was assessed by Cox regression model. Transcriptional regulation of PD‐L1 by human papillomavirus (HPV) 16/18 E6 oncoprotein or by epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation in lung cancer cells was examined by Western blot and luciferase reporter assay. The cell growth and invasion were evaluated by colony formation, soft agar growth, and Boyden chamber assay.ResultsThe PD‐L1 mRNA levels showed a positive association with HPV 16/18 E6 oncoprotein and with EGFR mutation in 223 surgically resected NSCLC patients. The prognostic significance of PD‐L1 was more commonly observed in patients with high PD‐L1/E6 positive and high PD‐L1/EGFR mutant tumors. Mechanistically, upregulation of PD‐L1 transcription by E6 or mutant EGFR occurred largely through the ERK‐C/EBPβ‐TLR4‐NF‐κB cascade. PD‐L1 promotes the efficacy of colony formation, soft agar growth, and cell invasion. PD‐L1 upregulates BAG‐1 to reduce transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1 expression, and the decrease in SMAD4 because of TGF‐β1 occurs through the p53/microRNA (miR)‐224 axis. The decreases in TGF‐β1 and SMAD4 are responsible for PD‐L1‐mediated cell invasiveness.ConclusionInduction of PD‐L1 by E6 oncoprotein or mutant EGFR through the ERK‐C/EBPβ‐TLR4‐NF‐κB cascade may promote tumor growth and invasiveness in NSCLC because of decreasing TGF‐β1 and SMAD4 expression.
Successful treatment of refractory brain metastases from ALK‐positive lung cancer with lorlatinib
Authors: Nakagawa Yoshiko , Shimizu Tetsuo , Hiranuma Hisato , Gon Yasuhiro 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA 44‐year‐old woman with ALK‐positive advanced adenocarcinoma of the lung was treated with crizotinib, and the lung lesions disappeared. The patient was treated with alectinib and chemotherapy, but brain metastases worsened; therefore, we performed an ALK resistance gene mutation test using plasma samples. Since no ALK resistance gene mutations were detected, we speculated that ALK inhibitors failed to achieve therapeutic effects due to poor transport to the central nervous system. Therefore, we switched to lorlatinib, and found a reduction in brain metastases. In ALK‐positive advanced lung cancer, plasma‐based resistance gene testing may be useful for treatment decisions.
Accelerating advances in landscape connectivity modelling with the ConScape library
Authors: Van Moorter Bram , Kivimäki Ilkka , Noack Andreas , Devooght Robin , Panzacchi Manuela , Hall Kimberly R. , Leleux Pierre , Saerens Marco 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIncreasingly precise spatial data (e.g. high‐resolution imagery from remote sensing) allow for improved representations of the landscape network for assessing the combined effects of habitat loss and connectivity declines on biodiversity. However, evaluating large landscape networks presents a major computational challenge both in terms of working memory and computation time. We present theConScape(i.e. “connected landscapes”) software library implemented in the high‐performance open‐source Julia language to compute metrics for connected habitat and movement flow on high‐resolution landscapes.The combination of Julia's ‘just‐in‐time’ compiler, efficient algorithms and ‘landmarks’ to reduce the computational load allowsConScapeto compute landscape ecological metrics—originally developed in metapopulation ecology (such as ‘metapopulation capacity’ and ‘probability of connectivity’)—for large landscapes. An additional major innovation inConScapeis the adoption of the randomized shortest paths framework to represent connectivity along the continuum from optimal to random movements, instead of only those extremes.We demonstrateConScape's potential for using large datasets in sustainable land planning by modelling landscape connectivity based on remote‐sensing data paired with GPS tracking of wild reindeer in Norway. To guide users, we discuss other applications, and provide a series of worked examples to showcase allConScape's functionalities in Supplementary Material.Built by a team of ecologists, network scientists and software developers,ConScapeis able to efficiently compute landscape metrics for high‐resolution landscape representations to leverage the availability of large data for sustainable land use and biodiversity conservation. As a Julia implementation,ConScapecombines computational efficiency with a transparent code base, which facilitates continued innovation through contributions from the rapidly growing community of landscape and connectivity modellers using Julia.
Magnitude comparison and automaticity in number processing in adolescents with prenatal alcohol exposure: An event‐related potentials study
Authors: Shmueli Michael , Ben‐Shachar Mattan S. , Jacobson Joseph L. , Meintjes Ernesta M. , Molteno Christopher D. , Jacobson Sandra W. , Berger Andrea 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders may exhibit a distinct pattern of dysmorphic facial features, growth restriction, and cognitive deficits, particularly in arithmetic. Magnitude comparison, a fundamental element of numerical cognition, is modulated by the numerical distance effect, with numbers closer in value more difficult to compare than those further apart, and by the automaticity of the association of numerical values with their symbolic representations (Arabic numerals).MethodsWe examined event‐related potentials acquired during the Numerical Stroop numerical and physical tasks administered to 24 alcohol‐exposed adolescents (eight fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), eight partial FAS (PFAS), eight heavily exposed (HE) nonsyndromal) and 23 typically developing (TD), same‐ age controls. The distance effect was assessed on the numerical task to examine differences in reaction time (RT) and accuracy when two numbers are close in value (e.g., 1 vs. 2) compared to when the numbers are less close (e.g., 1 vs. 6). Automaticity was assessed in the physical task by examining the degree to which RT and accuracy are reduced when the relative physical size of two numerals is incongruent with their numerical values (e.g., 1 vs. 6).ResultsAdolescents in all four groups performed behaviorally as expected on these relatively simple magnitude comparison tasks, but accuracy was poorer and RT was slower on both tasks in the FAS and PFAS than the HE and TD groups. At the neurophysiological level, in the numerical task, a higher level of prenatal alcohol exposure was associated with smaller P2p amplitude. In the physical task, only the TD and nonsyndromal HE groups exhibited the expected smaller P300 amplitude in the incongruent than the congruent condition.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that magnitude comparison in alcohol‐exposed individuals may be mediated by recruitment of alternative neural pathways that are likely to be inefficient when number processing becomes more challenging.
Long‐term outcomes of peritoneal dialysis catheters inserted by laparoscopic and percutaneous techniques in a single regional dialysis centre
Authors: Lee Wai Gin , Tran Phuong Uyen , Grills Richard 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundMinimally invasive insertion of catheters for peritoneal dialysis can be performed laparoscopically or percutaneously under image guidance. In Geelong (Victoria, Australia) both methods are used. Our aim was to analyse the outcomes of all catheters inserted by both laparoscopic and percutaneous techniques and compare them against published studies from tertiary referral centres.MethodsData were collected retrospectively on all patients who had their catheter inserted (since 2006) within the Geelong regional service. We compared the outcomes of percutaneous catheter insertion under image guidance (percutaneous group, n = 29) with the laparoscopic catheter placement technique (laparoscopic group, n = 61). Perioperative, follow‐up and catheter outcome data were collected. There were no exclusion criteria. Analysis was performed using the unpaired student t‐test and chi‐squared test.ResultsNinety catheters were inserted between 2006 and 2017 in mostly male patients (63%) with a mean age of 60 ± 0.4 years. The most common aetiology of chronic kidney disease was diabetic nephropathy (34%). Percutaneous insertion required less operative time, shorter hospital stay and earlier initiation of peritoneal dialysis. In the longer term, percutaneous catheters were more likely to migrate and laparoscopic catheters were more durable but more often associated with peritonitis. Thirty‐day complication rates did not differ between both groups. No Clavien‐Dindo grade 3 or 4 complication was reported.ConclusionsLaparoscopic insertion of peritoneal dialysis catheters at our centre is performed safely and with patient outcomes comparable to published literature. Percutaneous insertion represents a safe and effective alternative based on the study findings.
Predictors of interhospital transfer delays in acute surgical patient deaths in Australia: a retrospective study
Authors: Young Edward , Kopunic Helena S. , Trochsler Markus I. , Maddern Guy J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundInterhospital transfers in Australia facilitate access to acute surgical services, however transfer delays can occur. The aims of this study were to examine Australian mortality audit data on acute surgical patients who were transferred after presenting with a surgical emergency, and to identify modifiable predictors of transfer delay.MethodsSurgical admissions between 1 January 2001 and 18 August 2020 were retrospectively extracted from the Australian and New Zealand Audit of Surgical Mortality database. Relevant factors and themes of interest were collated. Results were presented as odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), with statistical significance defined as P <0.05.ResultsAfter exclusion, a final 8270 cases were analysed. Non‐modifiable predictors identified were female gender (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.05–1.70, P = 0.0184), comorbidities (OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.40–161, P <0.0001) and major non‐trauma non‐vascular specialty (OR 1.54 to 7.77, depending on specialty, P < 0.05). Modifiable predictors were inadequate clinical assessment (OR 49.48, 95% CI 32.91–74.38, P <0.0001), poor communication (OR 6.62, 95% CI 3.70–11.85, P <0.0001) and multiple transfers (OR 6.30, OR 95% 4.31–9.21, P <0.0001). Age, lack of bed and after‐hours transfer did not predict transfer delays. Metropolitan transfers was protective against transfer delays (OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.47–0.86, P = 0.0035).ConclusionIn the view of the receiving surgeon or assessor, all transfer delays potentially contributed to patient deaths, and may have been preventable. Strategies directed at modifiable factors could minimize delays. Increased surgical services in non‐metropolitan regions could reduce need for transfer. Prospective data is required to examine if the same predictors are observed in surgical patients who survive.
Is a randomized controlled trial of waterbirth possible? An Australian feasibility study
Authors: Allen Jyai , Gao Yu , Dahlen Hannah , Reynolds Maree , Beckmann Michael , Cooper Catherine , Kildea Sue 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe safety of waterbirth is contested because of the lack of evidence from randomized trials and conflicting results. This research assessed the feasibility of a prospective study of waterbirth (trial or cohort).MethodsWe conducted a prospective cohort study at an Australian maternity hospital. Eligible women with uncomplicated pregnancies at 36 weeks of gestation were recruited and surveyed about their willingness for randomization. The primary midwife assessed waterbirth eligibility and intention on admission in labor, and onset of second stage. Primary outcomes measured feasibility. Intention‐to‐treat analysis, and per‐protocol analysis, compared clinical outcomes of women and their babies who intended waterbirth and nonwaterbirth at onset of second stage.Results1260 participants were recruited; 15% (n = 188) agreed to randomization in a future trial. 550 women were analyzed by intention‐to‐treat analysis: 351 (waterbirth) and 199 (nonwaterbirth). In per‐protocol analysis, 14% (n = 48) were excluded. Women in the waterbirth group were less likely to have amniotomy and more likely to have water immersion and physiological third stage. There were no differences in other measures of maternal morbidity. There were no significant differences between groups for serious neonatal morbidity; four cord avulsions occurred in the waterbirth group with none in the landbirth group. An RCT would need approximately 6000 women to be approached at onset of second stage.ConclusionsA randomized trial of waterbirth compared with nonwaterbirth, powered to detect a difference in serious neonatal morbidity, is unlikely to be feasible. A powered prospective study with intention‐to‐treat analysis at onset of second stage is feasible.
The Good, the Bad and the Boring: Narcissism and the Rejection of the ‘Nice but Boring’ Relationship
Authors: Mann David 
Published: April 2022

Rejection of the ‘nice but boring’ relationship is discussed in relation to narcissism. The ‘nice but boring object’ (NBBO) is linked to the patient's earlier experiences of a sterile or depressed relationship with an unavailable primary care giver. This is discussed with regard to Green's concept of ‘the dead mother’ (Green, 1983) and the impact this has on the development of the infant's ‘unit status’ (Winnicott, 1960). The re‐awakening of ‘the dead mother’ experience is evoked both in the relationship with the NBBO and also with the introjected depressed mother that the patient has internalized. In order to avoid the dangerous, suffocating deadness of the dead mother the patient seeks out relationships which are full of energy and lively, even if this exciting object leaves them feeling insecure or in other ways is felt as bad for them. The lure of the exciting bad object is heavily influenced by the need to flee the NBBO who evokes the unconscious stifling experience of ‘the dead mother’. This dynamic is then referenced to the patient's narcissism, their fear of dependency, their sensitivity to feeling wounded and the difficulty with establishing intimate relationships. Two clinical examples illustrate these issues.‘Dear Brack, you can't imagine how bored I'm going to be here.’ Hedda Gabler, Act Two, by Henrik Ibsen‘The heaviest burden for a talky manIs silence; everywhere he goes he talksAnd is a bore, disliked by all. To sitWith him at dinner is like being jailed.' Theognis, Elegies