bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improved toughening diamine‐based polybenzoxazines constructed by controllable curing in polyhexahydrotriazine interpenetrating polymer networks
Authors: Xu Yi , Li Zhengbai , Zhu Keqi , Sun Xinyue , Liu Yujia , Xiong Shenghua , Wu Yi , Yang Yunyun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA series of diamine‐based polybenzoxazine (PDMB)/polyhexahydrotriazine (PHT) interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) were successfully prepared by sequential polymerization. For the IPN structures, the mechanical and thermal properties were explored. Fourier transform infrared spectrometric studies provide evidence of intermolecular hydrogen bonding (OH…O) between PDMB and PHT, and the compatibility of these two polymers was enhanced by this hydrogen bonding. The homogeneous structures in the PDMB/PHT IPNs with a micro‐level phase separation were observed from scanning electron microscope analysis. PDMB, however, is too fragile to form a film. Compared to pure PHT, PDMB/PHT IPNs exhibit 190% higher tensile strength and 284% higher elongation. PDMB/PHT‐0.8 reaches an elongation at break of 12.40% and tensile strength of 118.67 MPa, showing better mechanical properties than the other PDMB/PHT IPNs. Results of dynamic thermomechanical analysis indicate a higher heat resistance for PDMB/PHT‐0.8, and its glass transition temperature reached 238 °C. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Rapid and sensitive on‐site genetic diagnostics of pest fruit flies using CRISPR‐Cas12a
Authors: Alon Dan Mark , Partosh Tamir , Burstein David , Pines Gur 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDBactrocera zonata, a major fruit pest species, is gradually spreading west from its native habitat in East Asia. In recent years it has become a significant threat to the Mediterranean area, with the potential of invading Europe, the Americas, and Australia. To prevent it spreading, monitoring efforts in cultivation sites and border controls are carried out. Despite these efforts, and due to morphological similarities between B. zonata and other pests in relevant developmental stages, the monitoring process is challenging, time‐consuming, and requires external assistance from professional laboratories. CRISPR‐Cas12a genetic diagnostics has been rapidly developing in recent years and provides an efficient tool for the genetic identification of pathogens, viruses, and other genetic targets. Here we design a CRISPR‐Cas12a detection assay that differentially detects two major pest species, B. zonata and Ceratitis capitata.RESULTSWe demonstrate the specificity and high sensitivity of this method. Identification of target pests was done using specific and universal primers on pooled samples, enabling differentiation of pests with high certainty. We also demonstrate reaction stability over time for future on‐site applications.DISCUSSIONOur easy‐to‐use and affordable assay employs a simple DNA extraction technique together with isothermal amplification and Cas12a‐based detection. This method is highly modular, and the presented target design method can be applied to a wide array of pests. This approach can be easily adapted to fit local threats and requires minimal training of operators in border controls and other relevant locations, reshaping pest control and making state‐of‐the‐art technologies available worldwide, including in developing countries. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Highly Fluorinated Peptide Probes with Enhanced In Vivo Stability for 19F‐MRI
Authors: Meng Beibei , Grage Stephan L. , Babii Oleg , Takamiya Masanari , MacKinnon Neil , Schober Tim , Hutskalov Illia , Nassar Omar , Afonin Sergii , Koniev Serhii , Komarov Igor V. , Korvink Jan G. , Strähle Uwe , Ulrich Anne S. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA labeling strategy for in vivo 19F‐MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) based on highly fluorinated, short hydrophilic peptide probes, is developed. As dual‐purpose probes, they are functionalized further by a fluorophore and an alkyne moiety for bioconjugation. High fluorination is achieved by three perfluoro‐tert‐butyl groups, introduced into asparagine analogues by chemically stable amide bond linkages. d‐amino acids and β‐alanine in the sequences endow the peptide probes with low cytotoxicity and high serum stability. This design also yielded unstructured peptides, rendering all 27 19F substitutions chemically equivalent, giving rise to a single 19F‐NMR resonance with <10 Hz linewidth. The resulting performance in 19F‐MRI is demonstrated for six different peptide probes. Using fluorescence microscopy, these probes are found to exhibit high stability and long circulation times in living zebrafish embryos. Furthermore, the probes can be conjugated to bovine serum albumin with only amoderate increase in 19F‐NMR linewidth to ≈30 Hz. Overall, these peptide probes are hence suitable for in vivo 19F‐MRI applications.
Constructing Hypoxia‐Tolerant and Host Tumor‐Enriched Aggregation‐Induced Emission Photosensitizer for Suppressing Malignant Tumors Relapse and Metastasis
Authors: Cui Shisheng , Dai Shuangxiong , Lin Na , Wu Xinghui , Shi Jianbing , Tong Bin , Liu Pai , Cai Zhengxu , Dong Yuping 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPhotodynamic immunotherapy is a promising treatment strategy that destroys primary tumors and inhibits the metastasis and relapse of distant tumors. As reactive oxygen species are an intermediary for triggering immune responses, photosensitizers (PSs) that can actively target and efficiently trigger oxidative stress are urgently required. Herein, pyrrolo[3,2‐b]pyrrole as an electronic donor is introduced in acceptor–donor–acceptor skeleton PSs (TP‐IS1 and TP‐IS2) with aggregation‐induced emission properties and high absorptivity. Meanwhile, pyrrolo[3,2‐b]pyrrole derivatives innovatively prove their ability of type I photoreaction, indicating their promising hypoxia‐tolerant advantages. Moreover, M1 macrophages depicting an ultrafast delivery through the cell‐to‐cell tunneling nanotube pathway emerge to construct TP‐IS1@M1 by coating the photosensitizer TP‐IS1. Under low concentration of TP‐IS1@M1, an effective immune response of TP‐IS1@M1 is demonstrated by releasing damage‐associated molecular patterns, maturating dendritic cells, and vanishing the distant tumor. These findings reveal insights into developing hypoxia‐tolerant PSs and an efficient delivery method with unprecedented performance against tumor metastasis.
Green synthesized nickel doped cobalt ferrite nanoparticles exhibit antibacterial activity and induce reactive oxygen species mediated apoptosis in MCF‐7 breast cancer cells through inhibition of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway
Authors: Sundram Sobana , Baskar Suganya , Subramanian Alagumanian 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to synthesize the nickel (Ni) doped cobalt ferrite (CFO) nanoparticles and to determine its anticancer effect on breast cancer MCF‐7 cells. The various concentrations of Ni (0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, and 1%) doped CFO nanoparticles were synthesized using Coriandrum sativum extracts by precipitation technique. The synthesized Ni‐CFO was characterized by X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic, transmission electron microscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometer analyses. The results show that 0.8% Ni‐CFO nanoparticles showed good magnetic properties and antioxidant activity than other concentrations of Ni‐CFO. The results showed that the administration of 0.8% Ni‐CFO nanoparticles promoted apoptosis, and reduced cell adhesion and migration of MCF‐7 cells, as demonstrated by increased lipid peroxidation, decreased antioxidant levels such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, and increased formation of reactive oxygen species. Moreover, administration of 0.8% Ni‐CFO nanoparticles decreased the Bcl‐2 expression while activating the expression of p53, Bax, and cleaved caspase 3, 8 and 9 protein expression. Notably, 0.8% Ni‐CFO treatment reduced phospho‐PI3K, phospho‐Akt, and phospho‐mTOR expression levels. As a result, via altering apoptotic related proteins, 0.8% Ni‐CFO induced cell death. Therefore, the 0.8% Ni‐CFO could be utilized to treat breast cancer.
A mobile‐organic biofilm process for wastewater treatment
Authors: Boltz Joshua P. , Daigger Glen T. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe mobile‐organic biofilm (MOB) process includes mobile biofilms and their retention screens with a bioreactor and liquid and solid separation. The MOB process is inexpensive and easy to integrate with wastewater treatment (WWT) processes, and it provides for high‐rate WWT in biofilm or hybrid bioreactors. This paper describes three modes of MOB process operation. The first mode of operation, Mode I, has a mobile‐biofilm reactor and a mobile‐biofilm retention screen that is downstream of and external to a bioreactor and upstream of liquid and solid separation. Modes II and III have a hybrid (i.e., mobile biofilms and accumulated suspended biomass) bioreactor and liquid and solid separation. Mode II includes a mobile‐biofilm retention screen that is downstream of and external to a hybrid bioreactor and upstream of liquid and solid separation. Mode III includes mobile‐biofilm retention screening that is external to a hybrid bioreactor and liquid and solid separation, receives waste solids, and relies on environmental conditions and wastewater characteristics that are favorable for aerobic‐granular sludge formation. This paper presents a mechanistic approach to design and evaluate MOB processes and describes MOB process: (1) modes of operation, (2) design and analysis methodology, (3) process and mechanical design criteria, (4) mathematical modeling, (5) design equations, and (6) mobile‐biofilm settling characteristics and return. A mathematical model was applied to describe a fixed bioreactor volume and secondary‐clarifier area with Modes I, II, and III. The mathematical modeling identified key differences between MOB process modes of operation, which are described in this paper.Practitioner Points

MOB is a municipal and industrial wastewater treatment (WWT) process that reduces bioreactor and liquid and solids separation process volumes. It may operate with a mobile‐biofilm reactor or a hybrid (mobile biofilms and suspended biomass) bioreactor.
This paper provides a mechanistic basis for the selection and design of a MOB process mode of operation, and it describes MOB process modes of operation, design criteria, design equations, mathematical modeling, and mobile‐biofilm settling characteristics.
MOB integrated WWT plants exist at full scale and reliably meet their treatment objectives. The MOB process is an emerging environmental biotechnology for cost‐effective WWT.
The Open Data Kit Project
Authors: Brunette Waylon , Hartung Carl 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis chapter presents the Open Data Kit (ODK) project’s design, challenges, development, and evolution of configurable software frameworks and their international development impacts. The ODK project created a suite of mobile data collection tools designed to help organizations working in resource-constrained contexts collect, aggregate, and analyze data. ODK mobile tools are designed to maintain their functionality in locations with limited, intermittent, or no Internet connectivity. While the first set of ODK tools has experienced wide adoption with millions of users collecting data, its primary use case of unidirectional data flowing from the field to a central repository could not be adapted to certain use cases. To broaden the scope of potential applications, a second generation of tools was developed that added support for bidirectional data management applications. This chapter discusses the iterative research and development process of the ODK project.
Asking the “Right” Questions
Authors: Madon Temina , Toyama Kentaro 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn any problem-solving endeavor, identifying the right problem and asking the right questions is at least half the challenge. A well-posed problem can suggest an obvious, effective solution, while a poorly chosen problem can lead to dead-end non-solutions that leave no one better off. In this chapter, we consider important questions that should be asked with respect to potential beneficiaries or collaborators, the larger context of a problem, the type of impact, approaches to scale, and ethical considerations.
Expanding Access to Electricity in Kenya
Authors: Lee Kenneth 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis case study tells the story behind a research project on the economics of rural electrification in Western Kenya. The chapter covers (1) aspects of the policy and technology environment that initially guided the course of the work; (2) how the project pivoted away from solar microgrids and focused instead on the expansion of the national electricity grid; (3) unexpected challenges encountered while implementing a randomized evaluation of electricity infrastructure; (4) how we interpreted the study findings in light of consequential, concurrent changes to Kenya’s electrification policies; and (5) possible directions for further research, motivated by our project experience.
Measuring Grid Reliability in Ghana
Authors: Klugman Noah , Adkins Joshua , Berkouwer Susanna , Abrokwah Kwame , Podolsky Matthew , Pannuto Pat , Wolfram Catherine , Taneja Jay , Dutta Prabal 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWhat challenges arise when deploying a novel technology at increasing scale? This case study details our experience developing and deploying technologies to monitor power outages and voltage fluctuations at high temporal and geographic frequency. After a small initial pilot, our deployment grew over time and eventually exceeded 450 sensors and 3500 mobile app downloads with households and firms across Accra, Ghana. Our first lesson is that ad hoc solutions to deployment challenges may not scale, as larger scales bring unique challenges requiring unique and progressively more complex solutions. Second, challenges that arise with scale span distinct domains – not only technological but also cultural, organizational, and operational. Finally, we stress the importance of adaptability of operational structure, and of frequently updating operational strategy based on new learnings.
Digital Agricultural Extension for Development
Authors: Fabregas Raissa , Harigaya Tomoko , Kremer Michael , Ramrattan Ravindra 
Published: September 2022

AbstractProviding information at scale about improved agricultural practices to smallholder farmers remains a challenge in most developing countries. Traditional dissemination methods like in-person meetings or radio programming can be costly to scale or offer too generic information. Moreover, while most agronomic recommendations focus on maximizing crop yields, farmers weigh multiple other factors when making farming decisions, such as the profitability of investments and risks. The proliferation of mobile phones has shifted these trends. Mobile agriculture extension can cost-effectively provide tailored suggestions to farmers and improve their use of information. This case study describes the use of digital extension technologies to support farmers in a number of contexts. We draw insights from various studies and the experience of Precision Development on the importance of human-centered design, monitoring, and continuous experimentation. The chapter also discusses the ecosystem of stakeholders for digital agriculture, concerns relating to privacy and financing, and how mobile services can be used to facilitate social learning.
Data Spaces: Design, Deployment, and Future Directions
Authors: Curry Edward , Scerri Simon , Tuikka Tuomo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDigital transformation, data ecosystems, and Data Spaces are inevitable parts of our future. The book aims to educate the reader on data sharing and exchange techniques using Data Spaces. It will address and explore the cutting-edge theory, technologies, methodologies, and best practices for Data Spaces for both industrial and personal data. The book provides the reader with a basis for understanding the scientific foundation of Data Spaces, how they can be designed and deployed, and future directions.
Linear sigma dark matter
Authors: Kondo Dan , McGehee Robert , Melia Tom , Murayama Hitoshi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We present a model of self-interacting dark matter based on QCD-like theories and inspired by the proximity of a0(980 ± 20) to the $$ K\overline{K} $$
K

K
¯

(990) threshold. Dark matter is comprised of dark pions which self-scatter via the σ resonance close to the ππ threshold. While the linear sigma model serves as a qualitative guide, a fully unitary description of the scattering in the strongly coupled regime is given by effective range theory. The introduction of a kinetically mixed dark photon allows the dark pion to either freeze-out or -in. We study the viable parameter space which explains the observed relic abundance while evading all current constraints. Searches for dark matter self interactions at different scales, (in)direct detection signals, and (in)visibly-decaying dark photons will test this model in the near future.
The three-loop equal-mass banana integral in ε-factorised form with meromorphic modular forms
Authors: Pögel Sebastian , Wang Xing , Weinzierl Stefan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We show that the differential equation for the three-loop equal-mass banana integral can be cast into an ε-factorised form with entries constructed from (meromorphic) modular forms and one special function, which can be given as an iterated integral of meromorphic modular forms. The ε-factorised form of the differential equation allows for a systematic solution to any order in the dimensional regularisation parameter ε. The alphabet of the iterated integrals contains six letters.
Fuzzy pattern modeling of self-pierce riveting for data from experiments and computer simulations
Authors: Nemati Amir , Jäckel Mathais , Bocklisch Steffen F. , Drossel Welf-Guntram 
Published: September 2022

AbstractModeling forms the basis for optimal control of complex technical processes in the context of industry 4.0 development and, hence, for high product quality as well as efficient production. For the mechanical joining process of self-pierce riveting with 11 input and 5 output variables, two modeling approaches based on (1) experimental data and (2) FEM computer simulation are outlined and performed. A physical modeling approach is ruled out due to the high problem dimensionality and complex nonlinear dynamic relationships between input and output variables. Alternatively, data-based approaches lead to Artificial Intelligence (AI) model designs. The experimental approach is cost- and resource-consuming; therefore, only a relatively small data set can be collected. Here, we present results from experimental trials that serve as representatives and are generalized by a description with high-dimensional parametric membership functions (fuzzification). The fuzzification procedure is also applied to the FEM computer simulation results. In principle, it can provide an arbitrarily large database. However, consequently, time- and computational effort increase considerably. Both data sets form the basis for parallel model building using the AI method of local fuzzy pattern models, which can be used to describe highly nonlinear input-output relationships by error-minimizing partitioning. Finally, the comparison of the results of the two modeling approaches is outlined. Finally, a coupled modeling strategy and future model adaptation are proposed.
Wundmorphologie bei Verletzungen, bedingt durch Ketten- bzw. Kreissägen
Authors: Weber Anja , Rabl Walter , Wöss Claudia 
Published: September 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Tödliche Verletzungen durch Kreis- und Kettensägen sind selten. Die Wundmorphologie ändert sich dabei in Abhängigkeit von der verwendeten Säge und den technischen Merkmalen.

Methodik
Anhand der technischen Details von Kreis- und Kettensägen werden grundlegende Unterschiede beschrieben, welche direkte Auswirkungen auf die bei Verletzungen durch diese Werkzeuge entstehende Wundmorphologie haben. Zur Veranschaulichung und zur Gegenüberstellung der typischen Verletzungsbilder werden 2 repräsentative Fälle von Kreis- und 2 Fälle von Kettensägeverletzungen aus dem Obduktionsgut des Institutes für Gerichtliche Medizin Innsbruck vorgestellt.

Ergebnisse
Die technischen Eigenschaften einer Säge beeinflussen das Verletzungsmuster. Prinzipiell zeigen sich bei Verletzungen durch eine Kreissäge typischerweise glattrandige Wunden im Gegensatz zu Verletzungen durch Kettensägen, bei denen es zu ausgefransten Wundbereichen mit Verlust von Gewebeteilen kommen kann.

Diskussion
Die typische Wundmorphologie kann Hinweise auf das verwendete Werkzeug und konkrete Entstehungsmechanismen geben.
Lattice-dynamics-based characterization of La1-xAxCoO3-δ (A = Sr, Ba) nanoparticles for an inert anode in molten salts
Authors: Tokushige Manabu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLa1-xAxCoO3-δ (A = Sr, Ba) nanoparticles used as an inert anode in molten salts were characterized using phonon vibrations, and their compositions and morphologies were investigated. These nanoparticles were used for nanostructure fabrication of an inert anode to reduce oxide ion transportation. The singularity structure changes with increasing Sr ion content in La1-xSrxCoO3-δ nanoparticles showed a transient of spin state change from a low-spin state to intermediate- and/or high-spin states. The valencies of Co ion in La1-xSrxCoO3-δ were 3.2 and 3.3 for La0.8Sr0.2CoO3-δ and La0.6Sr0.4CoO3-δ, respectively, suggesting that oxygen defects were introduced by Sr ion doping in La1-xSrxCoO3-δ nanoparticles. In contrast, the valencies of Co ion in La1-xBaxCoO3-δ were 3.1 and 3.0 for La0.5Ba0.5CoO3-δ and La0.4Ba0.6CoO3-δ, respectively, suggesting that oxygen defects were introduced slightly by Ba ion doping in La1-xBaxCoO3-δ nanoparticles. The isotropic phonon vibrations of La1-xAxCoO3-δ nanoparticles were estimated using high-temperature synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction measurements. Crystal anisotropy measurements of phonon vibrations indicated that the oxide ions diffused preferentially along the (a, b) plane in the La1-xSrxCoO3-δ crystal lattice and toward the c-axis direction in the La1-xBaxCoO3-δ crystal lattice. These results suggest that the oxide ion transportation was curtailed using layered nanoparticles to fabricate an inert anode.