bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A study on packed cell volume for deducing hemoglobin: Cholistani camels in perspective
Authors: Farooq Umer , Idris Musadiq , Lashari Mushtaq Hussain , Ahmad Shahbaz , Sajjad Nouman , Zia-Ur-Rehman  , Rashid Haroon , Mahmood Aisha , Hameed Sajid 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn human medical practice, a hematological rule of three has been validated for healthy human populations. One such formula is estimating hemoglobin (Hb) levels as 1/3rdof Packed Cell Volume (PCV). However, no such hematological formulae have been devised and validated for veterinary medical practice. The present study was devised with an aim to evaluate the relationship between hemoglobin (Hb) concentration and Packed Cell Volume (PCV) in camels (n=215) being reared under pastoralism, and to devise a simple pen-side hematological formula for estimation of Hb from PCV. The PCV was determined through microhematocrit method whereas Hb estimation by cyanmethaemoglobin method (HbD). The Hb was also calculated as 1/3rdof PCV and was dubbed as calculated Hb (HbC). Overall HbD and HbC were significantly (P≥0.05) different. Similar results were attained for all study groupsi.e. males (n=94) and females (n=121), and young (n=85) and adult (n=130) camels. The corrected Hb (CHb) was deduced through regression prediction equation attained from linear regression model. Scatter-plots were drawn, linear regression was carried out, and Bland Altman chart was built for agreement of both methods of Hb estimation. A non-significant (P≥0.05) difference was noticed between HbD and CHb. Bland Altman chart revealed good agreement between HbD and CHb and there was no proportional bias on the distribution of data around the mean difference line (Mean= 0.1436, 95% CI= 3.00, -2.72). We accordingly recommend a simplified pen-side hematological formula for deducing Hb concentration from PCVviz. Hb concentration (g/dL)=0.18(PCV)+5.4 for all age and gender groups of camels instead of its calculation as one-third of PCV.
Deciphering anti-infectious compounds from Peruvian medicinalCordoncillosextract library through multiplexed assays and chemical profiling
Authors: Vásquez-Ocmín Pedro G. , Cojean Sandrine , Roumy Vincent , Marti Guillaume , Pomel Sébastien , Gadea Alice , Leblanc Karine , Dennemont Indira , Ruiz-Vásquez Liliana , Cotrina Hivelli Ricopa , Mesia Wilfredo Ruiz , Bertani Stéphane , Mesia Lastenia Ruiz , Maciuk Alexandre 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHigh prevalence of parasitic or bacterial infectious diseases in some world areas is due to multiple reasons, including a lack of an appropriate health policy, challenging logistics and poverty. The support to research and development of new medicines to fight infectious diseases is one of the sustainable development goals promoted by World Health Organization (WHO). In this sense, the traditional medicinal knowledge substantiated by ethnopharmacology is a valuable starting point for drug discovery. This work aims at the scientific validation of the traditional use ofPiperspecies (“Cordoncillos”) as firsthand anti-infectious medicines. For this purpose, we adapted a computational statistical model to correlate the LCMS chemical profiles of 54 extracts from 19Piperspecies to their corresponding anti-infectious assay results based on 37 microbial or parasites strains. We mainly identified two groups of bioactive compounds (called features as they are considered at the analytical level and are not formally isolated). Group 1 is composed of 11 features being highly correlated to an inhibiting activity on 21 bacteria (principally Gram-positive strains), one fungus (C. albicans), and one parasite (Trypanosoma brucei gambiense). The group 2 is composed of 9 features having a clear selectivity onLeishmania(all strains, both axenic and intramacrophagic). Bioactive features in group 1 were identified principally in the extracts ofPiper strigosumandP. xanthostachyum. In group 2, bioactive features were distributed in the extracts of 14Piperspecies. This multiplexed approach provided a broad picture of the metabolome as well as a map of compounds putatively associated to bioactivity. To our knowledge, the implementation of this type of metabolomics tools aimed at identifying bioactive compounds has not been used so far.
A single-centre, observational study to evaluate immune response to Covid-19 vaccines in immunocompromised patients with haematological disorders (COVAC-IC)
Authors:   COVAC-IC investigators, Chandra Deepak , O’ Mara Lucy , Bailey Lucy , Aspey Mathew , Asaduzzaman Md , Banavathi Krishna , Lea Simon , Bowler Rob , Prasangika Jayasekara , Ogbolosingha Aviva , Goddard Sarah , Phillips Neil , Wasim Fauzia , Badugama Buddhika , Kamran Nausheen , Perera Kumari , Bano Fehmida , Pillai Srinivas , Dyer Peter , Aquil Muzna , Remegoso Alda , Lee Judith , Watts Keira , Karunanithi Kamaraj 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate immunological response to Covid-19 vaccines in immunocompromised haematology patients and compare with immunocompetent healthy controlsDesignWe compared total Anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike antibody and T cell response in 45 immunocompromised haematology patients with 30 healthy adults following 2 doses of Covid-19 vaccine for 3 -5 months at 30 day intervalsSettingSingle Centre, University Hospital, United Kingdom, March 2021-December 2021Main Outcome measuresPeak quantitative total spike-specific antibody and cellular responsesResultsWe foundNon - significant difference in T cell and total Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S antibody response between study and control group patientsSix (13%) study group participants did not have detectable Total Anti-SARS –Cov-2 S antibodies at any time point throughout the study monitoring period.Three (7%) of the study group participants had no response, even after additional booster doses of Covid-19 vaccine.All (100%) of the control group had detectable Anti-SARS-Cov-2 S antibodies after 2 doses of Covid-19 vaccine.No participant died or was hospitalised due to severe Covid-19 infection during the study period. This included study group participants who had no antibody response at any time point.ConclusionsThough there was a non - significant difference in T cell and total Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S antibody response between immunocompromised patients and healthy controls this did not result in any severe infection or Covid-19 related mortality in our study cohort. We did not identify any patient-specific factor (age, gender), specific haematological condition or treatment as determinant of response. Covid-19 vaccination was well tolerated without major side effects in both groups.What was already known about this topicprior to starting this study there were no studies to confirm immunological response following Covid-19 vaccination in immunocompromised haematology patients. During the conduct of our study there have been publications from researchers confirming blunted serological response in 62-66% of immunocompromised haematology patients compared to 74-95% in healthy controls.What this study addsOur study did not identify a significant difference in serological or T cell response between immunocompromised and healthy groups. Though 13% of immunocompromised patients had no response to Covid-19 vaccination none of them suffered from severe Covid-19 infection. We believe T cell response to Covid-19 vaccination has an important role in providing protective efficacy against Covid-19.
A scoping review of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and intersex (LGBTQI+) people’s health in India
Authors: Chakrapani Venkatesan , Newman Peter A. , Shunmugam Murali , Rawat Shruta , Mohan Biji R. , Baruah Dicky , Tepjan Suchon 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTAmid incremental progress in establishing an enabling legal and policy environment for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer-identified people, and people with intersex variations (LGBTQI+) in India, evidence gaps on LGBTQI+ health are of increasing concern. To that end, we conducted a scoping review to map and synthesize the current evidence base, identify research gaps, and provide recommendations for future research. We conducted a scoping review using the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. We systematically searched 14 databases to identify peer-reviewed journal articles published in English language between January 1, 2010 and November 20, 2021, that reported empirical qualitative, quantitative or mixed methods data on LGBTQI+ people’s health in India. Out of 3,003 results in total, we identified 177 eligible articles; 62% used quantitative, 31% qualitative, and 7% mixed methods. The majority (55%) focused on gay and other men who have sex with men (MSM), 16% transgender women, and 14% both of these populations; 4% focused on lesbian and bisexual women, and 2% on transmasculine people. Overall, studies reported high HIV and sexually transmitted infection prevalence; multilevel risk factors for HIV; high levels of mental health burden linked to stigma, discrimination and violence victimization; and non-availability of gender-affirmative medical services in government hospitals. Few longitudinal studies and intervention studies were identified. Overall, LGBTQI+ health research in India needs to move beyond the predominant focus on HIV, and gay men/MSM and transgender women, to include mental health and non- communicable diseases, and individuals across the LGBTQI+ spectrum. Future research should build on largely descriptive studies to include explanatory and intervention studies, beyond urban to rural sites, and examine healthcare and service needs among LGBTQI+ people across the life course. Dedicated funding and training for junior investigators conducting LGBTQI+ health research is crucial to building a comprehensive evidence base to inform health policies and programs.
Median eminence myelin continuously turns over in adult mice
Authors: Buller Sophie , Kohnke Sara , Hansford Robert , Shimizu Takahiro , Richardson William D , Blouet Clemence 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTObjectiveOligodendrocyte progenitor cell differentiation is regulated by nutritional signals in the adult median eminence (ME), but the consequences on local myelination are unknown. The aim of this study was to characterise myelin plasticity in the ME of adult mice in health or in response to chronic nutritional challenge.MethodsWe assessed new oligodendrocyte and myelin generation and stability in the ME of healthy adult male mice using bromodeoxyuridine labelling and genetic fate mapping tools. We assessed the contribution of microglia to ME myelin plasticity in PLX5622-treated C57BL6/J mice and inPdgfra-Cre/ERT2;R26R-eYFP;Myrffl/flmice, where adult oligodendrogenesis is genetically blunted. Finally, we investigated how 45% high fat diet or 70% caloric restriction feeding paradigms impact ME oligodendrocyte lineage progression and myelination in C57BL6/J mice.ResultsWe show that myelinating oligodendrocytes (OLs) are continuously and rapidly generated in the adult ME. Paradoxically, OL number and myelin amounts remain remarkably stable in the adult ME. In fact, the high rate of new OL and myelin generation in the ME is offset by continuous turnover of both. We show that microglia are required for continuous OL and myelin production, and that ME myelin plasticity regulates the recruitment of local immune cells. Finally, we provide evidence that ME myelination is regulated by the body’s energetic status, decreased in calorie-restricted animals, and increased in mice fed a high fat diet.ConclusionsThis study uncovers a previously unappreciated form of ME structural plasticity and mechanism of myelin remodeling in the adult brain.
Evaluating Quantitative and Functional MRI As Potential Techniques to Identify the Subdivisions in the Human Lateral Geniculate Nucleus
Authors: Yildirim Irem , Hekmatyar Khan , Schneider Keith A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSegmenting the magnocellular (M) and parvocellular (P) divisions of the human lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) has been challenging yet remains an important goal because the LGN is the only place in the brain where these two information streams are spatially disjoint and can be studied independently. Previous research used the amplitude of responses to different types of stimuli to separate M and P regions (Denison et al., 2014; Zhang et al., 2015). However, this method is confounded because the hilum region of the LGN exhibits greater response amplitudes to all stimuli and can be mistaken for the M subdivision (DeSimone & Schneider, 2019). Therefore, we have employed two independent methodologies that do not rely upon the functional response properties of the M and P neurons to segment the M and P regions: 1) structural quantitative MRI (qMRI) at 3T to measure the T1 relaxation time, and 2) monocular and dichoptic functional MRI (fMRI) procedures to measure eye-specific responses. Our qMRI results agreed with the anatomical expectations, identifying M regions on the ventromedial surface of the LGN. The monocular fMRI procedure was better than the dichoptic condition to identify the eye-dominance signals. Both procedures revealed significant right eye bias, and neither could reliably identify the first M layer of the LGN. These findings indicated that the qMRI methods are promising whereas the functional identification of contralateral layers requires further refinement.HighlightsT1 parameter in qMRI segregates M and P regions of LGN in individual subjects at 3T.Eye-specific voxels in LGN respond more strongly to monocular than dichoptic viewing.Clusters of eye-specific regions but not layers can be separated at 1.5 mm resolution.
Cross-linking mass spectrometry discovers, evaluates, and validates the experimental and predicted structural proteome
Authors: Bartolec Tara K. , Vázquez-Campos Xabier , Norman Alexander , Luong Clement , Payne Richard J. , Wilkins Marc R. , Mackay Joel P. , Low Jason K. K. 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTSignificant recent advances in structural biology, particularly in the field of cryo-electron microscopy, have dramatically expanded our ability to create structural models of proteins and protein complexes. However, many proteins remain refractory to these approaches because of their low abundance, low stability or – in the case of complexes – simply not having yet been analysed. Here, we demonstrate the power of combining cross-linking mass spectrometry (XL-MS) with artificial intelligence-based structure prediction to discover and experimentally substantiate models for protein and protein complex structures at proteome scale. We present the deepest XL-MS dataset to date, describing 28,910 unique residue pairs captured across 4,084 unique human proteins and 2,110 unique protein-protein interactions. We show that integrative models of complexes driven by AlphaFold Multimer and inspired and corroborated by the XL-MS data offer new opportunities to deeply mine the structural proteome and interactome and reveal new mechanisms underlying protein structure and function.
Targeting Staufen 1 with antisense oligonucleotides for treating ALS and SCA2
Authors: Scoles Daniel R. , Paul Sharan , Dansithong Warunee , Figueroa Karla P. , Gandelman Mandi , Royzen Feliks , Anderson Collin J. , Pulst Stefan M. 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTStaufen1 (STAU1) is a multifunctional RNA binding protein that controls mRNA degradation and subcellular localization. STAU1 interacts with the ATXN2 protein, that is polyglutamine expanded in spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2). We previously showed that STAU1 is elevated and aggregated in cells from SCA2 patients, cells from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients, and in SCA2 and ALS mouse models. We also found that reduction of STAU1 abundancein vivoby genetic interaction improved motor behavior in an SCA2 mouse model, normalized the levels of several SCA2-related proteins, and reduced aggregation of polyglutamine-expanded ATXN2. Here we developed antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) lowering STAU1 expression toward developing a therapeutic that may be effective for treating SCA2 and ALS. We performed a screen of 118 20mer phosphorothioate 2’-O-methoxyethyl (MOE) ASO gapmers targeting across theSTAU1mRNA coding region for lowering STAU1 expression in HEK-293 cells. ASO hits lowering STAU1 by >45 % were rescreened in SCA2 patient fibroblasts, and 10 of these were tested for lowering STAU1 abundancein vivoin a new BAC-STAU1 mouse model. This identified efficacious ASOs targeting humanSTAU1 in vivothat normalized autophagy marker proteins, including ASO-45 that also targets mouseStau1. When delivered by intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection, ASO-45 normalized autophagy markers and abnormal mRNA abundances in cerebella of ATXN2-Q127 SCA2 mice, as well as ChAT, NeuN and cleaved caspase-3 in spinal cord ofThy1-TDP-43 transgenic mice. TargetingSTAU1may be an effective strategy for treating ALS and SCA2 as well as other disorders characterized by its overabundance.
Malaria drives unique regulatory responses across multiple immune cell subsets
Authors: Dooley Nicholas L. , Chabikwa Tinashe G. , Pava Zuleima , Loughland Jessica R. , Hamelink Julianne , Berry Kiana , Andrew Dean , Soon Megan S.F. , SheelaNair Arya , Piera Kim A. , William Timothy , Barber Bridget E. , Grigg Matthew J. , Engwerda Christian R. , López J. Alejandro , Anstey Nicholas M. , Boyle Michelle J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPlasmodium falciparummalaria results in immunoregulatory responses across multiple cell subsets, which protects the individual from inflammatory mediated immunopathogenesis. However, these anti-inflammatory responses also hamper the development of effective anti-parasitic immunity. Understanding malaria induced tolerogenic responses in specific cell subsets may inform the development of strategies to boost protective immunity during drug treatment and vaccination. Here, we analysed the immune landscape with single cell RNA sequencing of peripheral blood mononuclear cells during falciparum malaria and at convalescence in children and adults from a low malaria transmission area in Malaysia. To understand malaria driven changes specific to each immune cell subset, we interrogated transcriptional changes in sub-clustered major immune cell types during infection. We found that malaria drove development of immunosuppressive monocytes, alongside NK and γδ T cells which regulated inflammatory function but maintained cytolytic capacity. IL10-producing CD4 T cells and IL10-producing regulatory B cells were also induced. Type I interferon responses were identified across all cell types, linking Type I interferon signalling with the induction of immunoregulatory networks during malaria. Together, these findings provide insights into cell-specific and shared immunoregulatory changes induced during malaria, and provides a data set resource for additional analysis of anti-parasitic immunity and disease pathogenesis.
Novel therapeutic strategies for injured endometrium: Autologous intrauterine transplantation of menstrual blood-derived cells from infertile patients
Authors: Hosoya Satoshi , Yokomizo Ryo , Kishigami Harue , Fujiki Yukiko , Kaneko Erika , Amita Mitsuyoshi , Saito Takakazu , Kishi Hiroshi , Sago Haruhiko , Okamoto Aikou , Umezawa Akihiro 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundMenstrual blood-derived cells show regenerative potential as a mesenchymal stem cell and may therefore be a novel stem cell source of treatment for refractory infertility with injured endometrium. However, there have been few pre-clinical studies using cells from infertile patients, which needs to be addressed before establishing an autologous transplantation. Herein, we aimed to investigate the therapeutic capacity of menstrual blood-derived cells from infertile patients on endometrial infertility.MethodsWe collected menstrual blood-derived cells from volunteers and infertile patients, and confirmed their mesenchymal stem cell phenotype by flowcytometry and induction of tri-lineage differentiation. We compared the proliferative and paracrine capacities of these cells. Furthermore, we also investigated the regenerative potential and safety concerns of the intrauterine transplantation of infertile patient-derived cells using a mouse model with mechanically injured endometrium.ResultsMenstrual blood-derived cells from both infertile patients and volunteers showed phenotypic characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells.In vitroproliferative and paracrine capacities for wound healing and angiogenesis were equal for both samples. Furthermore, the transplantation of infertile patient-derived cells into uterine horns of the mouse model ameliorated endometrial thickness, prevented fibrosis and improved fertility outcomes without any apparent complications.ConclusionsIn our preclinical study, intrauterine transplantation of menstrual blood-derived cells may be a novel and attractive stem cell source for the curative and prophylactic therapy for injured endometrium. Further studies will be warranted for future clinical application.
Analysis of large-scale correlations on temperatures over Iraq
Authors: Hassan Mohammed Wheed , Al-Asadi Kadhim Abdul Wahab Hassan 
Published: November 2022

PurposeThe purpose of communicating with your esteemed magazine is your continuous support with Arab researchers and your sponsorship of research on the Arab world.Design/methodology/approachThe research design was based on the APA style, and the methodology used in this research study is statistical and applied analysis to reach the desired results.FindingsThe results of this study provide an interesting perspective on the factors that influence changes in variables in Iraq: The prevailing patterns of temperature in Iraq are characterized by a clear pattern, and it is noticeable that they are linked to patterns of distance connection, but it is affected by some local influences, including the different terrain in Iraq. The highest values recorded by the correlation relationship were for the oscillation NAO and EA-WR with −0.812, −0.805, respectively. It is clear from the results that the correlation values are different between the northern and southern stations regions, and that the most influential appeared during the month of January, meaning that the effects of the remote correlation patterns are clearer during the winter season. Most of the correlation values of temperature were at the significance level of 0.5 and 0.1, in addition to that, the correlation was inverse, meaning that when the values of the distance correlation patterns rise, the temperature rates drop above the study stations and vice versa. The effect of SOI appeared during the months of December, April and May, and it recorded a strong correlation with the temperature variable. Most of the oscillations showed different effects with temperature, and it cannot be inferred that the effect is subjected and affected by the oscillation without reference to the extensions of pressure systems and their effects on the local conditions over Iraq.Research limitations/implicationsThere are no restrictions.Originality/valueThe topic of the research is one of the modern topics that researchers have not taken up in a large way, and the apparent thesis in the research is one of the effects of the newly observed climate changes with the aim of addressing and limiting the effects of these phenomena on the Arab world.