bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Muscle proximate composition of various food fish species and their nutritional significance: A review
Authors: Ahmed Imtiaz , Jan Kousar , Fatma Shabihul , Dawood Mahmoud A. O. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractToday, there is a growing awareness about the importance of eating nutritious foods and fish is gaining momentum as a result of its unique nutritional benefits. Fish are considered as nutritionally valuable part of the human diet because of the presence of both macronutrients (proteins, lipids and ash) and micronutrients (vitamins and minerals). These nutrients are indispensable in human nutrition and have proven to be involved in several metabolic functions. The nutritional content can be used to rank different fish species based on their nutritional and functional benefits, allowing consumers to make better decisions according to their requirements. Proximate composition of fish includes determination of moisture, protein, fat and ash contents, which constitutes about 96%−98% of the total constituents of the fish body. The study of these components gives us a clear understanding in assessing the energy value of the fishes. In the present study, an attempt has been made to provide a concise review about the proximate composition of various fish species from different parts of the world in order to evaluate the high‐protein, low‐fat food with excellent nutritional values and to enlighten the different exogenous and endogenous factors that are actually responsible for their variation. The review also provides an insight into the characteristics of the chemical composition of various fish species, which are gaining importance for the sector involving fish and fishery products for domestic and foreign trade and for appreciating as animal feed all over the world.
Institutional, technical and financial sustainability of rural piped drinking water supply on a freshwater island: Case study of Likoma Island, Malawi
Authors: Holm Rochelle H. , Tembo Mavuto , Kasulo Victor , Gavanala Medson B. , Chilongo Lettow 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSustainable Development Goal 6 addresses the protection for both drinking water and lakes, and this is especially important for residents of a freshwater island. This study explores the institutional, technical and economic sustainability of a piped drinking water system operating on Likoma Island in Lake Malawi. Data were collected through household surveys and an analysis of historical records. Proximity and accessibility analyses were also conducted for households (n = 185) and their water sources. The results indicated that within 10 years after implementation of the system, 98% of the respondents had piped drinking water within 250 m of their households. Challenges to system sustainability unique to an island setting include the need for boat transportation, inconsistent electrical power supply and lack of island banking services. Factors contributing to broader system success include fishing households with cash income, limited dependence on communal taps, a strong mainland partner, tourism‐supported financial management, high payment rate amongst government institutions, system costs covered by pricing of water for customers and a manager with a high level of decision‐making authority. Opportunities to make the system more sustainable include reducing non‐revenue water losses, using drones or buying a dedicated boat for transport to the island and improving self‐sufficiency on the island to respond to equipment emergencies. Rural drinking water supplies in remote lake island communities must meet unique requirements for sustainable operation, and the institutional, technical and economic sustainability factors of Likoma Island illustrate a successful system likely to sustainably continue its operations into the future.
Olivine aggregates reveal a complex collisional history of the main group pallasite parent body
Authors: Walte Nicolas P. , Golabek Gregor J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOlivine aggregates, bodies found in pallasites that consist of olivines with coherent grain boundaries and minor amounts of Fe‐Ni and troilite, likely represent well‐preserved samples of different mantle regions of pallasite parent bodies (PPBs). We investigated olivine aggregates from the main group pallasites Fukang, Esquel, Imilac, and Seymchan and compare their textures with results from deformation experiments. Our measurements reveal an inverse relationship between the grain size of olivines and the primary metal fraction inside olivine aggregates, which is explained by simultaneous grain growth retarded by Zener pinning in different mantle regions. Textural evidence indicates that the mantle has remained at high temperatures before initial cooling occurred shortly after pallasite formation that was likely caused by an impact. Different degrees of annealing of the deformation textures suggest that the postcollisional cooling occurred in the order Seymchan, Imilac, Esquel, and Fukang. We interpret this observation with an increasing burial depth after the collision. We also demonstrate that the mantle has not been convecting before the impact despite being at high temperature. Using the minimum critical Rayleigh number, we estimate PPB radii assuming different core radii. Our results question the recent ferromagmatism hypothesis for pallasite formation and support a multistage formation process that includes one or several impacts.
Salinity and host drive Ulva‐associated bacterial communities across the Atlantic–Baltic Sea gradient
Authors: van der Loos Luna M. , D’hondt Sofie , Engelen Aschwin H. , Pavia Henrik , Toth Gunilla B. , Willems Anne , Weinberger Florian , De Clerck Olivier , Steinhagen Sophie 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe green seaweed Ulva is a model system to study seaweed–bacteria interactions, but the impact of environmental drivers on the dynamics of these interactions is little understood. In this study, we investigated the stability and variability of the seaweed‐associated bacteria across the Atlantic–Baltic Sea salinity gradient. We characterized the bacterial communities of 15 Ulva sensu lato species along 2,000 km of coastline in a total of 481 samples. Our results demonstrate that the Ulva‐associated bacterial composition was strongly structured by both salinity and host species (together explaining between 34% and 91% of the variation in the abundance of the different bacterial genera). The largest shift in the bacterial consortia coincided with the horohalinicum (5–8 PSU, known as the transition zone from freshwater to marine conditions). Low‐salinity communities especially contained high relative abundances of Luteolibacter, Cyanobium, Pirellula, Lacihabitans and an uncultured Spirosomaceae, whereas high‐salinity communities were predominantly enriched in Litorimonas, Leucothrix, Sulfurovum, Algibacter and Dokdonia. We identified a small taxonomic core community (consisting of Paracoccus, Sulfitobacter and an uncultured Rhodobacteraceae), which together contributed to 14% of the reads per sample, on average. Additional core taxa followed a gradient model, as more core taxa were shared between neighbouring salinity ranges than between ranges at opposite ends of the Atlantic–Baltic Sea gradient. Our results contradict earlier statements that Ulva‐associated bacterial communities are taxonomically highly variable across individuals and largely stochastically defined. Characteristic bacterial communities associated with distinct salinity regions may therefore facilitate the host's adaptation across the environmental gradient.
Drought acclimation of Quercus ilex leaves improves tolerance to moderate drought but not resistance to severe water stress
Authors: Limousin Jean‐Marc , Roussel Amélie , Rodríguez‐Calcerrada Jesús , Torres‐Ruiz José M. , Moreno Myriam , Garcia de Jalon Laura , Ourcival Jean‐Marc , Simioni Guillaume , Cochard Hervé , Martin‐StPaul Nicolas 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIncreasing temperature and drought can result in leaf dehydration and defoliation even in drought‐adapted tree species such as the Mediterranean evergreen Quercus ilex L. The stomatal regulation of leaf water potential plays a central role in avoiding this phenomenon and is constrained by a suite of leaf traits including hydraulic conductance and vulnerability, hydraulic capacitance, minimum conductance to water vapour, osmotic potential and cell wall elasticity. We investigated whether the plasticity in these traits may improve leaf tolerance to drought in two long‐term rainfall exclusion experiments in Mediterranean forests. Osmotic adjustment was observed to lower the water potential at turgor loss in the rainfall‐exclusion treatments, thus suggesting a stomatal closure at more negative water potentials and a more anisohydric behaviour in drier conditions. Conversely, leaf hydraulic conductance and vulnerability did not exhibit any plasticity between treatments so the hydraulic safety margins were narrower in the rainfall‐exclusion treatments. The sequence of leaf responses to seasonal drought and dehydration was conserved among treatments and sites but trees were more likely to suffer losses of turgor and hydraulic functioning in the rainfall‐exclusion treatments. We conclude that leaf plasticity might help the trees to tolerate moderate drought but not to resist severe water stress.
Catastrophic hydraulic failure and tipping points in plants
Authors: Johnson Daniel M. , Katul Gabriel , Domec Jean‐Christophe 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWater inside plants forms a continuous chain from water in soils to the water evaporating from leaf surfaces. Failures in this chain result in reduced transpiration and photosynthesis and are caused by soil drying and/or cavitation‐induced xylem embolism. Xylem embolism and plant hydraulic failure share several analogies to ‘catastrophe theory’ in dynamical systems. These catastrophes are often represented in the physiological and ecological literature as tipping points when control variables exogenous (e.g., soil water potential) or endogenous (e.g., leaf water potential) to the plant are allowed to vary on time scales much longer than time scales associated with cavitation events. Here, plant hydraulics viewed from the perspective of catastrophes at multiple spatial scales is considered with attention to bubble expansion within a xylem conduit, organ‐scale vulnerability to embolism, and whole‐plant biomass as a proxy for transpiration and hydraulic function. The hydraulic safety‐efficiency tradeoff, hydraulic segmentation and maximum plant transpiration are examined using this framework. Underlying mechanisms for hydraulic failure at fine scales such as pit membranes and cell‐wall mechanics, intermediate scales such as xylem network properties and at larger scales such as soil–tree hydraulic pathways are discussed. Understudied areas in plant hydraulics are also flagged where progress is urgently needed.
Transcriptome dissection of candidate genes associated with lentil seed quality traits
Authors: Song J. , Mavraganis I. , Shen W. , Yang H. , Cram D. , Xiang D. , Patterson N. , Zou J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLentils provide a rich plant‐based protein source and staple food in many parts of the world. Despite numerous nutritional benefits, lentil seeds also possess undesirable elements, such as anti‐nutritional factors. Understanding the genetic networks of seed metabolism is of great importance for improving the seed nutritional profile.We applied RNA sequencing analysis to survey the transcriptome of developing lentil seeds and compared this with that of the pod shells and leaves. In total, we identified 2622 genes differentially expressed among the tissues examined. Genes preferentially expressed in seeds were enriched in the Gene Ontology (GO) terms associated with development, nitrogen and carbon (N/C) metabolism and lipid synthesis.We further categorized seed preferentially expressed genes based on their involvement in storage protein production, starch accumulation, lipid and suberin metabolism, phytate, saponin and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis.The availability of transcript profile datasets on lentil seed metabolism and a roadmap of candidate genes presented here will be of great value for breeding strategies towards further improvement of lentil seed quality traits.
OsHUB2 inhibits function of OsTrx1 in heading date in rice
Authors: Xu Zuntao , Li Enze , Xue Gan , Zhang Cheng , Yang Yachun , Ding Yong 
Published: April 2022

SUMMARYHeading date is one of the most pivotal agronomic traits for rice (Oryza sativa) yield and adaptation. Little is known about the crosstalk between histone ubiquitination and histone methylation in rice heading date regulation. Here, we reported HISTONE MONOUBIQUITINATION 1 (OsHUB1) and OsHUB2 are involved in heading date regulation via the Hd1 and Ehd1 pathway. Loss of OsHUB1 and OsHUB2 function resulted in early heading under long‐day and short‐day photoperiods. The expression of Hd3a, RFT1, and Ehd1 was induced and the transcript levels of Hd1, Ghd7, OsCCA1, OsGI, OsFKF1, and OsTOC1 were reduced under long‐day conditions, whereas RFT1 and Ehd1 expression was induced in oshub2 mutants under short‐day conditions. OsHUB2 interacted with OsTrx1 and repressed the gene expression of OsTrx1. OsHUB2 directly bound to Ehd1 to ubiquitinate H2B at Ehd1, and H2B ubiquitination levels were reduced in oshub2‐2 and oshub2‐3 mutants. OsTrx1 were highly enriched at Ehd1, and H3K4me3 levels of Ehd1 were upregulated in oshub2‐2. Mutations of OsTrx1 in the oshub2‐2 background rescued the early‐heading phenotype of oshub2‐2. The increases in Ehd1 H3K4me3 levels and transcript levels in oshub2‐2 mutants were attenuated in oshub2‐2 ostrx1‐2 double mutants. Together, our results (i) reveal that OsHUB2 represses the function of OsTrx1 and H3K4me3 levels at Ehd1 and (ii) suggest that OsHUB2‐mediated H2B ubiquitination plays critical roles together with H3K4me3 in rice heading date regulation.
Evaluation of Heat Transfer Enhancement on Rotational Gas Turbine Blade Internal Cooling Channel With Dimpled Surface
Authors: Nourin Farah Nazifa , Blum Brinn Leighton , Amano Ryoichi S. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The present investigation represents the rotational effect on gas turbine blade internal cooling with a uniform heat flux of 2000 W/m2 at the bottom wall. The experiment was conducted with three different rpms, such as 300 rpm, 600 rpm, and 900 rpm, with Reynolds number (Re) ranging from 6000 to 50,000 with a two-pass cooling channel. The numerical investigation was conducted with the large eddy simulation (LES) technique to understand the rotational flow behavior of the cooling channel. Four distinct arrangements of dimpled cooling channel surfaces were considered with two different dimple shapes, i.e., partial spherical and leaf. It is found that the rotation effect, dimple arrangement, and design have significant influences on heat transfer. Results indicated that the partial spherical 1-row dimpled surface experienced the highest heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop. In contrast, the leaf-shaped dimpled cooling channel experienced the highest thermal efficiency.
Real-Time Multi-Modal Human–Robot Collaboration Using Gestures and Speech
Authors: Chen Haodong , Leu Ming C. , Yin Zhaozheng 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
As artificial intelligence and industrial automation are developing, human–robot collaboration (HRC) with advanced interaction capabilities has become an increasingly significant area of research. In this paper, we design and develop a real-time, multi-model HRC system using speech and gestures. A set of 16 dynamic gestures is designed for communication from a human to an industrial robot. A data set of dynamic gestures is designed and constructed, and it will be shared with the community. A convolutional neural network is developed to recognize the dynamic gestures in real time using the motion history image and deep learning methods. An improved open-source speech recognizer is used for real-time speech recognition of the human worker. An integration strategy is proposed to integrate the gesture and speech recognition results, and a software interface is designed for system visualization. A multi-threading architecture is constructed for simultaneously operating multiple tasks, including gesture and speech data collection and recognition, data integration, robot control, and software interface operation. The various methods and algorithms are integrated to develop the HRC system, with a platform constructed to demonstrate the system performance. The experimental results validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed algorithms and the HRC system.
Mechanisms of strain localization and nucleation of earthquake faulting by grain-scale processes at the middle crustal level
Authors: Hou Chunru , Liu Junlai , Zheng Yuanyuan , Sun Yanqi , Zhang Tieying , Zhou Baojun , Fan Wenkui 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The mechanism of strain localization is the key to our understanding of the transition from steady-state to unstable flow, and therefore of earthquake faulting in the middle crust. In this study, biotite grains in mylonitic gneisses along the Jinzhou detachment fault zone, Liaodong peninsula, northeast China, acted as a preexisting weak phase that had important influences on deformation of mid-crustal rocks. High phase strength contrasts between biotite and other mineral phases resulted in stress concentrations at the tips of biotite grains and induced semi-brittle deformation of neighboring quartz and feldspar grains. As a consequence, the biotite grains became interconnected to form zones of weakness, while basal plane slip and grain boundary sliding operated in biotite grains and fine-grained biotite-feldspar-quartz aggregates, respectively. The zones filled with biotite grains and fine-grained quartz-feldspar aggregates continued to propagate and coalesce during the deformation. These processes led to transition from load-bearing (i.e., coarse plagioclase grains) framework to interconnected weak phase (i.e., biotite grains and finegrained feldspar aggregates) domination, that further led to the formation of initial strain localization zones (SLZs). With the propagation and linkage of the SLZs, high stress concentrations at the tips of the SLZs led to nucleation of rupture along the SLZs. As a consequence, there occurred an abrupt increase in strain rates that resulted in transition from stable to unstable slip within the SLZs. The processes were accompanied by occurrence of mid-crustal earthquake faulting and formation of pseudotachylites along the SLZs.
Analysis of Content of 2-Oxoacids in Rat Brain Extracts Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Tashlitsky Vadim N. , Artiukhov Artem V. , Fedorova Natalia V. , Sukonnikov Maxim A. , Ksenofontov Alexander L. , Bunik Victoria I. , Baratova Ludmila A. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
2-Oxoacids are involved in a number of important metabolic processes and can be used as biomarkers in some human diseases. A new optimized method for quantification of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine derivatives of 2-oxoacids using high-performance liquid chromatography was developed based on available techniques for quantification of 2-oxoacids in mammalian brain. The use of the 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine derivatives of 2-oxoacids was shown to be more advantageous in comparison with the previously used phenylhydrazine derivatives, due to a high chemical stability of the former. Here, we determined the concentrations of pyruvate, glyoxylate, 2-oxoglutarate, 2-oxomalonate, and 4-methylthio-2-oxobutyrate in the methanol/acetic acid extracts of the rat brain using the developed method, as well discussed the procedures for the sample preparation in analysis of mammalian brain extracts. The validation parameters of the method demonstrated that the quantification limits for each of the analyzed of 2-oxoacids was 2 nmol/mg tissue. The developed method facilitates identification of subtle changes in the tissue and cellular content of 2-oxoacids as (patho)physiological biomarkers of metabolism in mammalian tissues.
SIDS is associated with prenatal drug use: a meta-analysis and systematic review of 4 238 685 infants
Authors: Makarious Louise , Teng Arthur , Oei Ju Lee 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveTo conduct a meta-analysis to determine the association between prenatal drug exposure and risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).DesignStudies were searched using PubMed, Medline and Embase and restricted to English, with no publication date limit. Selected studies included published cohort, population or case studies comparing the incidence of SIDS among drug-exposed with drug-free controls. This study was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines. Data were pooled using a random-effects model to evaluate risk ratios (RR).SettingHigh-income countries.PatientsChildren with a history of prenatal drug exposure.InterventionsNone.Main outcome measuresRR of SIDS between drug-exposed and control infants.ResultsSixteen studies (36 730 infants with any prenatal drug exposure, 21 661 exposed to opioids, 21 571 exposed to cocaine, 5031 exposed to methadone compared with 4 201 955 with no exposure). Any prenatal drug exposure was associated with an increased crude risk of SIDS (RR 7.84, 95% CI 5.21 to 11.81). Prenatal opioid exposure had the highest associative crude risk of SIDS (RR 9.76, 95% CI 5.28 to 18.05), followed by methadone (RR 9.52, 95% CI 4.60 to 19.70) and cocaine (RR 4.40, 95% CI 2.52 to 7.67). Increased crude risk persisted after adjusting for socioeconomic factors (RR 4.24, 95% CI 1.39 to 12.88). The incidence of SIDS for this cohort decreased between 1972 and 2020 but remained significantly higher than controls.ConclusionExposure to any drug of dependency during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of SIDS after controlling for socioeconomic factors. Further study to evaluate mechanisms and contribution of other confounders (eg, smoking) is warranted.
Early changes in photopic negative response in eyes with glaucoma with and without choroidal detachment after filtration surgery
Authors: Igawa Yuro , Shoji Takuhei , Weinreb Robert , Miyake Yozo , Yoshikawa Yuji , Takano Shunichiro , Shinoda Kei 
Published: April 2022

Background/aimsTo evaluate the electroretinographic (ERG) changes in the early postoperative period following glaucoma filtration surgery, and its relationship with choroidal detachment (CD).MethodsThis retrospective observational single-centre study included 57 consecutive patients with primary open-angle glaucoma who underwent unilateral glaucoma filtration surgery. The patients were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of CD. ERG components, including the photopic negative response (PhNR), a-wave and b-wave were compared before and after surgery using skin electrodes.ResultsThere were 46 patients in the non-CD group and 11 in the CD group. ERG was recorded within 5.1 (2.1 to 8.1) (mean (95% CI)) days after surgery. In the non-CD group, the PhNR amplitude, PhNR/b-wave amplitude ratio and PhNR implicit time improved significantly after surgery (p=0.008, 0.002 and 0.039, respectively). In the CD group, the amplitude of the PhNR, a-wave and b-wave were significantly deteriorated after surgery (p=0.002, 0.001 and 0.001, respectively). Postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) (p=0.031) and postoperative CD (p<0.001) were significantly associated with change in the PhNR amplitude in the univariate models. In the multivariate analysis, severe CD (stage 3) cases tended to be deteriorated more.ConclusionEven in the early postoperative period within several days, the PhNR amplitude increased with IOP lowering following filtration surgery in the absence of CD. The presence of CD may arrest the improvement of the retinal ganglion cell function. The present results enhance understanding the structural and functional recovery after glaucoma surgery and the role of postoperative CD.